bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La agencia española de protección De datos: un estudio breve sobre su Naturaleza jurídica, su régimen jurídico Y su estructura tanto estatal como Autonómica
Authors: Morales Ferrer Salvador
Published: September 2020

A partir de la promulgación de la Ley Orgánica 5/1992, de 29 de octubre, de Regulación del tratamientoautomatizado de los datos de carácter personal,1 se creó la Agencia Española de Protección deDatos (AEPD), que fue necesaria para regular más adelante los tratamientos de la Ley de protecciónde datos en España. Luego, el Legislador español adaptó la Ley Orgánica 3/2018, de 5 de diciembre, deprotección de datos personales y garantía de derechos digitales (LPD)2 al Reglamento (UE) 2016/679del Parlamento Europeo y del Consejo, de 27 de abril de 2016, relativo a la protección de las personasfísicas en lo que respecta al tratamiento de datos personales y a la libre circulación de estos datos.
Was Hegel an Authoritarian Thinker?Reading Hegel’sPhilosophy of Historyon the Basis of his Metaphysics
Authors: Baumann Charlotte
Published: September 2020

With Hegel’s metaphysics attracting renewed attention, it is time to address a long-standing criticism: Scholars from Marx to Popper and Habermas have worried that Hegel’s metaphysics has anti-individualist and authoritarian implications, which are particularly pronounced in hisPhilosophy of History, since Hegel identifies historical progress with reason imposing itself on individuals. Rather than proposing an alternative non-metaphysical conception of reason, as Pippin or Brandom have done, this article argues that critics are broadly right in their metaphysical reading of Hegel’s central concepts. However, they are mistaken about what Hegel’s approach entails, when one examines the specific types of states discussed (and rejected) by the philosopher in hisPhilosophy of History. Even on a traditional metaphysical reading, Hegel is not only non-authoritarian; he also makes a powerful argument concerning freedom, whereupon the freest society involves collective oversight and the shaping of social structures so as to ensure that they benefit everybody.
Electromagnetic-launch-based method for cost-efficient space debris removal
Authors: Hou Chongyuan , Yang Yuan , Yang Yikang , Yang Kaizhong , Zhang Xiao , Lu Junyong
Published: September 2020

The increase in space debris orbiting Earth is a critical problem for future space missions. Space debris removal has thus become an area of interest, and significant research progress is being made in this field. However, the exorbitant cost of space debris removal missions is a major concern for commercial space companies. We therefore propose the debris removal using electromagnetic launcher (DREL) system, a ground-based electromagnetic launch system (railgun), for space debris removal missions. The DREL system has three components: a ground-based electromagnetic launcher (GEML), suborbital vehicle (SOV), and mass of micrometer-scale dust (MSD) particles. The average cost of removing a piece of low-earth orbit space debris using DREL was found to be approximately USD 160,000. The DREL method is thus shown to be economical; the total cost to remove more than 2,000 pieces of debris in a cluster was only approximately USD 400 million, compared to the millions of dollars required to remove just one or two pieces of debris using a conventional space debris removal mission. By using DREL, the cost of entering space is negligible, thereby enabling countries to remove their space debris in an affordable manner.
How Katrina Shaped Trust and Efficacy in New Orleans
Authors: Holman Mirya R. , Lay J. Celeste
Published: September 2020

In 2005, Hurricane Katrina led to substantial demographic changes in New Orleans. The city lost large numbers of its African American population and became more diverse with the arrival of more Latino migrants and more highly educated, affluent white newcomers. Demographic change has the potential to depress political trust, efficacy, and trust in others. In this essay, we show that more than 10 years after Katrina, neither white nor Black New Orleanians trust local or national government. Black residents, particularly Black women, are generally more distrustful of their neighbors, whites, Latinos, and newcomers in the city. White newcomers are more efficacious and trusting than pre-Katrina white residents. These findings provide more evidence for the thesis that race and place shape trust and that Katrina continues to have an impact on New Orleans in distinctly racialized ways.
Numerical study on the effect of planar normal and Halbach magnet arrays on micromixing
Authors: Bahrami Dariush , Nadooshan Afshin Ahmadi , Bayareh Morteza
Published: September 2020

The effective mixing process is critical in biological and chemical processes. The main objective of the present study is to investigate the influence of normal and Halbach magnet arrays on the mixing performance of a three-inlet micromixer numerically. In this microdevice, ferrofluid is injected into the center inlet, and water is injected into two other inlets. The influence of Remanent Flux Density Norm (RFDN), number of magnets, magnet distance from the main microchannel entrance, and inlet flow rate is considered. It is revealed that the micromixer with magnets exhibits a 165% improvement in the mixing efficiency compared to the one with no magnetic field. The results show that increasing the magnetic field does not always increase the mixing quality. Even in some cases, it has a negative effect. It is demonstrated that the mixing efficiency is strongly influenced by the magnet arrangement. An optimal position is found for the magnet arrangement to achieve the maximum mixing efficiency of 91%. Contrary to the normal configuration, Halbach magnet array creates a parabolic profile for flux density. Halbach array can improve the mixing performance, depending on all magnets’ RFDN. The proposed microchannel can be used as a useful device for biological applications.
Words are constructions, too: A construction-based approach to English ablaut reduplication
Authors: van de Weijer Jeroen , Wei Weiyun , Wang Yumeng , Ren Guangyuan , Ran Yunyun
Published: September 2020

In this article we present a new approach to words of the typezigzag,chitchat, etc. in English. Such words form a formal (phonological) and functional (semantic) pattern in English. We argue that this pattern should be analysed in a construction-based approach, which has clear advantages over other approaches, e.g. analyses involving extragrammaticality or a synchronically productive reduplication process. We propose to extend the construction-based approach beyond its original scope (syntactic constructions) to words that may even no longer be morphologically complex. Finally, we make a tentative suggestion about how the difference between productive and unproductive patterns could be captured in the construction-based approach.
Transnational State Elites and the Neoliberal Project in Mexico
Authors: Salas Porras Alejandra
Published: September 2020

This article explores the connection between the emergence of transnational state elites and the construction of a neoliberal project in Mexico. It argues that transnationalization of Mexican state elites was part of the process that led to the adoption of a neoliberal project since the 1980s and that it entailed an increasingly greater participation in global networks as well as a greater affinity with the standards, practices and norms of transnational organizations and global technocrats. The process was very dynamic, and it unfolded through a set of reforms that gradually, but steadily, transformed the political economy from a state-centered to a market-centered political economy. It launched a group of neoliberal reformers to transnational spaces following a combination of paths that included: (1) interlocking with regional and global corporate networks; (2) participation in regional and global think tanks and policy making bodies; (3) a long and active trajectory in international organizations; and (4) an academic and professional career allowing them to become global experts, acknowledged by the global corporate, financial and technocratic communities as the most qualified and trustworthy negotiators and intermediaries.
On (not) Watching The Lady in Number 6: Digital Holocaust Film, Copyright Infringement and the Obligation to Remember
Authors: Bayer Gerd
Published: September 2020

This article discusses the tension between the legal framework of copyright and the moral obligation, as framed in Holocaust studies, to remember the atrocities of the Nazi murder of European Jewry. Starting with the case study of a recent award-winning film, The Lady in Number 6, the essay takes the movie’s difficult availability as an occasion to reflect upon the need to access and distribute this film, even if this creates conflicts with copyright laws, situating this discussion in the larger discussion about law and literature.
Fiscal austerity in emerging market economies
Authors: Dave Chetan , Ghate Chetan , Gopalakrishnan Pawan , Tarafdar Suchismita
Published: September 2020

We build a small open economy RBC model with financial frictions to analyse spending and tax based fiscal consolidations in emerging market economies (EMEs). We show that if government spending is a substitute to private consumption in household utility, a spending based fiscal consolidation has an expansionary effect on output. In contrast, tax based consolidations are always contractionary irrespective of the strength of substitutability between government and private consumption. Our findings support the results in the World Economic Outlook (2010), USA: International Monetary Fund, that tax based consolidation measures are more costly (in terms of GDP losses) than spending based consolidations. We calibrate the model to India and calculate the fiscal multipliers associated with spending and tax based fiscal consolidations. Our paper identifies new mechanisms that underlie the dynamics of fiscal reforms and their implications for successful fiscal consolidations.
Justifying the Right of Return
Authors: Miller David
Published: September 2020

With the Israeli-Palestinian conflict in mind, this Article asks whether there is a human right to return to one’s country, and if so what justifies it. Although such a right is widely recognized in international law, who can claim it and on what basis remains ambiguous; the ambiguity is revealed by asking what “country” means in “return to one’s country.” I argue that to treat the right simply as an adjunct of citizenship is too narrow an approach, even though the right has a role to play in managing inter-state relations. As with other human rights, personal autonomy might be proposed as a justification for the right of return. But although the autonomy interest in developing long-term life-plans may explain the right not to be forcibly displaced from the place where you live, it cannot explain why there is a right to return once displaced, particularly in the case of people who enjoy an adequate set of options elsewhere. Instead we need to invoke the need to belong to a homeland, access to which the right of return protects. The Article explores a homeland’s different dimensions and considers various respects in which the need to belong might be thought too indeterminate to ground a right. Finally it distinguishes and evaluates the return claims of Jews and Palestinians to Israel/ Palestine; only Palestinians whose homeland this remains can claim a human right of return as analyzed and defended here.
A Reference Genome Sequence for Giant Sequoia
Authors: Scott Alison D , Zimin Aleksey V , Puiu Daniela , Workman Rachael , Britton Monica , Zaman Sumaira , Caballero Madison , Read Andrew C , Bogdanove Adam J , Burns Emily , Wegrzyn Jill , Timp Winston , Salzberg Steven L , Neale David B
Published: September 2020

The giant sequoia (Sequoiadendron giganteum) of California are massive, long-lived trees that grow along the U.S. Sierra Nevada mountains. Genomic data are limited in giant sequoia and producing a reference genome sequence has been an important goal to allow marker development for restoration and management. Using deep-coverage Illumina and Oxford Nanopore sequencing, combined with Dovetail chromosome conformation capture libraries, the genome was assembled into eleven chromosome-scale scaffolds containing 8.125 Gbp of sequence. Iso-Seq transcripts, assembled from three distinct tissues, was used as evidence to annotate a total of 41,632 protein-coding genes. The genome was found to contain, distributed unevenly across all 11 chromosomes and in 63 orthogroups, over 900 complete or partial predicted NLR genes, of which 375 are supported by annotation derived from protein evidence and gene modeling. This giant sequoia reference genome sequence represents the first genome sequenced in the Cupressaceae family, and lays a foundation for using genomic tools to aid in giant sequoia conservation and management.
Combining Auxin-Induced Degradation and RNAi Screening Identifies Novel Genes Involved in Lipid Bilayer Stress Sensing in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Venz Richard , Korosteleva Anastasiia , Jongsma Elisabeth , Ewald Collin Y
Published: September 2020

Alteration of the lipid composition of biological membranes interferes with their function and can cause tissue damage by triggering apoptosis. Upon lipid bilayer stress, the endoplasmic reticulum mounts a stress response similar to the unfolded protein response. However, only a few genes are known to regulate lipid bilayer stress. We performed a suppressor screen that combined the auxin-inducible degradation (AID) system with conventional RNAi in C. elegans to identify members of the lipid bilayer stress response. AID-mediated degradation of the mediator MDT-15, a protein required for the upregulation of fatty acid desaturases, induced the activation of lipid bilayer stress-sensitive reporters. We screened through most C. elegans kinases and transcription factors by feeding RNAi. We discovered nine genes that suppressed the lipid bilayer stress response in C. elegans. These suppressor genes included drl-1/MAP3K3, gsk-3/GSK3, let-607/CREB3, ire-1/IRE1, and skn-1/NRF1,2,3. Our candidate suppressor genes suggest a network of transcription factors and the integration of multiple tissues for a centralized lipotoxicity response in the intestine. Thus, we demonstrated proof-of-concept for combining AID and RNAi as a new screening strategy and identified eight conserved genes that had not previously been implicated in the lipid bilayer stress response.
The use of baropodometric analysis in musculoskeletal disorders of dentists working in orthostatic posture – a series of 3 cases
Authors: Cosoroabă Mioara Raluca , Cirin Liviu , Farkas Andrei Zoltan , Argeșanu Veronica , Talpos-Niculescu Ioana Cristina , Anghel Mirella Dorina , Romînu Mihai , Negrutiu Meda-Lavinia
Published: September 2020

Introduction. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) caused by incorrect working posture among dentists is a serious issue and one that leads to decreased productivity and quality of life.

Aim. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of MSDs caused by postural errors in dental healthcare professionals on the body’s center of gravity through a new and innovative technique – baropodometry.

Methods. In this study we included 3 oral healthcare specialists with over 20 years experience of practicing in orthostatism, with confirmed work-related MSDs, and performed a baropodometric analysis on them.

Results. According to the analysis, all 3 test subjects had alterations of the body’s center of gravity, with uneven distribution of pressures on the feet being recorded by the baropodometer. 

Conclusion. In an effort to maintain a good field of view and workplace in orthostatism, the subject is forced to adopt an non-ergonomic position that leads to uneven weight distribution, shifted center of gravity that eventually cause musculoskeletal disorders.
Climate Change Implication on Agricultural Growth
Authors: Dr Jagseer Singh
Published: September 2020

Global climate change brings many disasters like floods and droughts which pose great danger to human life. Pollution and greenhouse gases also affect agriculture adversely. Environmental degradation occupies the place of utmost importance when it comes to green debate. Environmental pollution can be reduced greatly by providing bathing water, pure air quality and access to neat and clean drinking water. These measures will ensure that the ambitions of climatic health and valuable environment are achieved at the earliest. In this research paper, I illustrate the international causes of degradation of environmental, climate change and its implication for agriculture growth. The paper argues that such certainty components can be projected by altering the current slowed perspectives on the problem talking the load from recent conceptual work on “cumulative change” as against” system change” to properly understand global environmental. Change and environmental degradation, the paper presents an approach to identify and use the” certainty components” it is strong point is that it help to warming. The research at hand is a review on the study survey associated by reduction of environment risk, water, air pollution, enhanced quality of water and betterment of climate factors.
Isolation and Screening of Azo Dyes Tolerant Bacteria in Semi-Scale Industrial Effluents
Authors: V K Pandey  , N Kumar  , A K Bhardwaj
Published: September 2020

Dyes are organic compound have colouring properties of the object which used in industrial application. Huge effluent are releasing by industrial processing, where the microorganism may naturally adopted against particular problems. Present work focused over the selection and screening few best native candidates from diverse bacteria from semi-skilled dye industrial effluent. From eleven isolated bacterial colonies only two are found resistant against azo dyes (Methyl orange and Trypan blue). During the screening it observed that isolates of bacteria (VN1 and VN2) were tolerates and decolorize azo dye up to 500 ppm. These bacterial strain can be used efficientlyremoval of dyes contamina-tion from ex-situ and in-situ.
In Search of Intellectual Stimulation: Understanding the Relationship Between Motivation, Deep Learning and Stimulation in the Higher Education Classroom
Authors: Sandeep Chowdhry  , Renata Osowska
Published: September 2020

One of the key educational notions measured in the National Student Survey (NSS) is intellectual stimulation. This study aimed to find out Higher Education (HE) engineering students’ views of intellectual stimulation with a focus on its measurement and supporting its increase within the classroom environment. A quantitative questionnaire acted as a data gathering instrument. The sample comprised 128 students from Edinburgh Napier University (ENU), Scotland. The survey findings showed a positive correlation and positive agreement between the intellectual stimulation (IS), intrinsic motivation (IM) and deep learning approach (DLA) scales. The students’ feedback suggests that implementation of the new intellectual scale based teaching and learning strategy is useful in intellectually stimulated the students and encouraged them to adopt deep learning approach. The findings suggest the design of an intellectually stimulating environment in HE classroom, should consider students’ learning styles, challenge students, allow the provision of timely feedback and provide opportunities to encourage independent thought. Further, the research suggests, the studied institution should encourage staff to consider the intellectual stimulation scale when constructively aligning learning and teaching with an assessment.
In Silico Designing of Novel Thiazolidine-2-one Derivatives as Dual PDE4/7 Inhibitors for Inflammatory Disorders
Authors:   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India, Grewal Ajmer Singh , Sharma Neelam ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India, Singh Sukhbir ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India, Arora Sandeep ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Rajpura, Punjab, India
Published: September 2020

Phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) and phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7), members of PDE super family, catalyse metabolism of secondary messenger cyclic adenosine monophosphate leading to augmented inflammatory processes in pro-inflammatory and immune-modulatory cells. Dual inhibitors of PDE4/7 are a novel class of drug candidates which can regulate pro-inflammatory as well as function of immune T-cell and are particularly beneficial for the treatment of various inflammatory diseases devoid of unwanted actions. Intense efforts have been directed towards the development of effective dual inhibitors of both PDE4 and PDE7, but not much success has been reported till yet. The aim of present study was to design some newer substituted thiazolidine-2-one derivatives as dual inhibitors of PDE4/7 using structure based rational drug design approach. A new series of thiazolidine-2-one analogues were designed and molecular docking was performed using AutoDock Vina to explore the bonding interactions of the designed molecules with the amino acid residues in the active site of target proteins. The docking study indicated that all the substituted thiazolidine-2-one derivatives have appreciable binding interactions with protein residues of both PDE4 and PDE7. The newly designed compounds could be used as lead molecules for development potent and non-toxic dual inhibitors of PDE4/7 for the management of various inflammatory conditions.
Traditional and Novel Herbal Drugs Emerging as Potent Novel Combinations for Managing Morbidities by Pharmacological and Mechanistic Studies
Authors:   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab-140401, India, Behl Tapan , Kumar Chanchal ,   V.P. Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India, Singh Roshan Kumar ,   University of Exeter, United Kingdom, Arora Taruna Katyal ,   National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, Delhi, Arora Sandeep ,   Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab-140401, India
Published: September 2020

Background: Herbal drugs are used in treatment of diseases since decades. Major contributing factor for their use is easy availability, less expensive and more belief of common population because of relatively less side effects compared to allopathic medicines. Medicines of natural origin or functional foods in the prevention of disease are the need of hour. Hence, the present review focused on activity of four drugs viz. Withania somnifera,Allium sativum,Curcuma longa andAzadirachta indica and role in different clinical complications. Methods: A thorough review of all the articles, research as well as reviews available regarding the concerned topic was performed. MEDLINE database was searched and English language articles were preferably selected. Results: Withania somnifera, Allium sativum, Curcuma longa andAzadirachta indicahave shown alleviation in inflammation, diabetes and cancer states. The herbal drugs have shown beneficial effects in the prevention and treatment of these disorders. Conclusion from these facts:Utilizing this concept, it can be assumed that herbal drugs play an intricate role in safeguarding the health of individuals from life-threatening complications. However, validation and reproducibility of results in clinical trails should be there in order to confirm the safety and efficacy of these herbal drugs.
Mathematical Model for Impact of Media on Cleanliness Drive in India
Authors: N H Shah  , J S Patel  , F A Thakkar  , M H Satia
Published: September 2020

A mathematical model on cleanliness drive in India is analysed for active cleaners and passive cleaners. Cleanliness and endemic equilibrium points are found. Local and global stability of these equilibrium points are discussed using Routh-Hurwitz criteria and Lyapunov function respectively. Impact of media (as a control) is studied on passive cleaners to become active. Numerical simulation of the model is carried out which indicates that with the help of media transfer rate to active cleaners from passive cleaners is higher.
A study of the stress field generated by the contact between a sphere and a flat plate for a simplified model of deep-groove ball bearing
Authors: Köhn André Oliveira , Silva Fernando Azevedo
Published: September 2020

Bearings are mechanical elements capable of transferring motion between two or more parts in a machine. When an external load is applied, the rolling elements and their rings tend to initiate a cyclical movement between themselves. Hence, they are linked by a variable type of contact, thus creating high surface stresses. As these elements are subjected to millions of cycles within their lifespan, these cyclical stresses may create cracks and cause failure by rolling contact fatigue (RCF). Due to the importance of this subject, it is vital to study the stress field caused by contact between the rolling parts in a bearing. This paper offers two approaches on the cyclical stresses in a deep-groove ball bearing: an analytical approach, using Hertz’s theory for contact stresses; and a numerical simulation, using the Finite Element Method (FEM) with the software Inventor and Nastran In-CAD. The results of both approaches were compared, and stress behavior was analyzed as the depth of the inner ring was increased. It was concluded that the surface stresses are greatly superior than the strength of the materials used in the bearings, and that the area influenced by these stresses are small when compared to the dimensions of the whole.
Menggagas Revolusi Mental Birokrasi Melalui Konsep Competitive Agile Leadership
Authors: Hulu Viky Aldin , Patuninno Tistry Rahmatiwani , Puspasari Deva , Juniyanto Nandy , Pramudita Lidya Tri Adistia
Published: September 2020

The research is directed to formulate a bureaucratic mental revolution strategy by utilizing the concept of agile leadership. The research team formulated a bureaucratic mental revolution strategy by utilizing the concept of agile leadership through several stages. First, an analysis of the agile leadership model was carried out on the governance practices of Desa Majasarigovernment. Second, the analysis of agile government was conducted as a result of the emergence of agile leadership in the village. The results of the study explained that the existence of agile leadership is very important to encourage the emergence of agile government. That is, if the agile bureaucratic mentality is strongly supported by the existence of agile leadership. Seeing the paternalistic bureaucracy culture that the leader as the center of activity of the organization, bureaucracy mental revolution strategy has to start from a mental revolution from the leader. Leaders' mental revolution can be implemented when they are placed in a competitive agile leadership assessment system. Therefore, the research team offers and formulates a competitive model of agile leadership as a mental revolution strategy bureaucracy.
Inovasi Pelayanan Perpustakaan Keliling Sebagai Media Revolusi Mental di Jawa Barat
Authors: Harahap Halimatus Sahdiyah , Rahmadhani Bisyarah , Wardhani Afista Dwi , Hawary Muhammad Ghifar , Rukmana Akbar Ardianto
Published: September 2020

This study aims to determine the quality of mobile library service which is one of the innovative services in the field of literacy organized by the Government of West Java. Literacy Program is an effort made to prepare human resources to realize the internalization of a mental revolution to face the demographic bonuses in West Java. Consequently, the local government of West Java in collaboration with DISPUSIPDA released several literacy programs, one of the programs is mobile library which includes all districts and cities in West Java. The method in this study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The data collection technique is done through data that is directly observed in the field (observation) and through interviews. From the result of the study found that service is effective and able to run well. This mobile library service is expected to be able to foster public interest in reading, especially students in West Java to support the demographic bonus in which it shapes the character of students in accordance with the concept of mental revolution which includes work ethic, integrity and mutual cooperation.
Evaluasi Sistem Manajemen Informasi Objek Pajak dalam Pemungutan PBB-P2 di Badan Pendapatan Daerah Kota Bekasi
Authors: Afia Su'fatul Ulum Mutatun , Hoerudin Cecep Wahyu
Published: September 2020

The Tax Object Information Management System (SISMIOP) is a management information system application that is used to help collect PBB-P2. In its implementation, it needs to be evaluated to assess how its performance. The purpose of this study is to find out how the Evaluation of the Tax Object Information Management System (SISMIOP) in Land and Building Tax Collection in Rural and Urban Cities (PBB-P2) in Bekasi City Bapenda and SISMIOP advantages and disadvantages in the PBB-P2 Collection in Bekasi City Bapenda. The research method used is a qualitative method with a descriptive approach, using interviews, observation, documentation studies, and triangulation as data collection techniques. The result of this research is the evaluation of SISMIOP in PBB-P2 Collection in Bekasi City Bapenda has a good assessment. The SISMIOP application has fulfilled all three aspects of eligibility. However, in the implementation of tax collection, the imposition of PBB-P2 tax has not been evenly distributed to the whole community because there are still unregistered tax objects and the lack of field verification team employees so that it cannot record the full potential of the Bekasi City PBB-P2.
Analysing the reasons of the inadequate performance for small sewage treatment plants in the Far North
Authors: Nosenko Maria
Published: September 2020

The development of natural resources in the Far North is constrained by the water factor, because intensive use of water resources by the extractive industry enterprises is associated with expenditure, losses, water pollution. As a result, it has a significant impact on the state of the hydrosphere and all other components of the environment.
Discharge of untreated and insufficiently treated wastewater into surface water bodies by camp settings constantly worsen their condition. Wastewater is contaminated with phosphorus, nitrogen, all kinds of bacteria, it can also contain viruses and helminth eggs, and it contains large quantities of synthetic surfactants, which are formed after bathing, washing and laundry on the camp settings of the extractive industry enterprises. Wastewater flow rate is 1400 m3/day in the camp settings. However, the degree of toxicity of water-discharge is no less than that of large cities. The characteristic features of wastewater from camp settings and sewerage systems are: remoteness from sources of centralized power supply, water supply and sewerage (isolated location); the interruptions in the supply of wastewater to structures and a low population density (up to 70 people/ha); increased concentrations of contaminants because of the relatively low standards of wastewater disposal (depending on the degree of buildings improvement). Thus, small sewerage treatment facilities are complex, difficult-to-control biological systems operating in an unfavorable mode of a constantly changing composition of wastewater. It should be noted that the published information on the topic of domestic sewage wastewater treatment has a limited scope, due to the specificity of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of wastewater, natural and climatic conditions, and other factors.
The work considers the treatment facilities of the Chukotka Autonomous District of the Far Eastern region of Russia (the Far North region), the microbiological composition of wastewater was studied, which is formed in especially unfavorable conditions (the Far North region), the conditions for the biocenosis formation and the reasons negatively affecting the biocenosis.
Hacking Colonialism
Authors: Cohen Matt
Published: September 2020

Listen: Dread, panic, and horror are the great teasers, and tragic wisdom is our best chance in a dangerous world.

—Gerald Vizenor, Postindian Conversations

Until that day . . .Until all are one . . .Continue the struggle . . .—Optimus Prime, in The Transformers: The Movie

“American people are being pushed into new social forms because of the complex nature of modern communications and transportation, and the competing forms are neotribalism and neofeudalism,” the Standing Rock Sioux thinker Vine Deloria, Jr., wrote in 1970 (14). That insight was inspired in part by the work of Marshall McLuhan, which also led Deloria to suggest something even more provocative:

Indian people are just as subject to the deluge of information as are other people. In the last decade most reservations have come within the reach of televisions and computers. In many ways Indian people are just as directed by the electric nature of our universe as any other group. But the tribal viewpoint simply absorbs what is reported to it and immediately integrates it into the experience of the group. . . . The more that happens, the better the tribe seems to function and the stronger it appears to get. Of all the groups in the modern world Indians are best able to cope with the modern situation.
Calculation of the effective thermal conductivity of a superlattice based on the Boltzmann transport equation using first-principle calculations
Authors: Abgaryan K. K. , Kolbin I. S.
Published: September 2020

In this work, we calculate the effective thermal conductivity coefficient for a binary semiconductor heterostructure using the GaAs/AlAs superlattice as an example. Different periods of layers and different ambient temperatures are considered. At the scale under consideration, the use of models based on the Fourier law is very limited, since they do not take into account the quantum-mechanical properties of materials, which gives a strong discrepancy with experimental data. On the other hand, the use of molecular dynamics methods allows us to obtain accurate solutions, but they are significantly more demanding on computing resources and also require solving a non-trivial problem of potential selection. When considering nanostructures, good results were shown by methods based on the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons; they allow one to obtain a fairly accurate solution, while having less computational complexity than molecular dynamics methods. To calculate the thermal conductivity coefficient, a modal suppression model is used that approximates the solution of the Boltzmann transport equation for phonons. The dispersion parameters and phonon scattering parameters are obtained from first-principle calculations. The work takes into account 2-phonon (associated with isotopic disorder and barriers) and 3-phonon scattering processes. To increase the accuracy of calculations, the non-digital profile of the distribution of materials among the layers of the superlattice is taken into account. The obtained results are compared with experimental data showing good agreement.
The Shadow and the Substance of Lenin after 150 Years
Authors: Mаршалл Aлекс
Published: September 2020

Citation: Marshall A. (2020) The Shadow and the Substance of Lenin after 150 Years. Mir Rossii, vol. 29, no 4, pp. 134–149. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-4-134-149

150 years since Lenin’s birth marks an anniversary that raises questions around Lenin’s meaning today and his ultimate historical legacy. By distinguishing both Lenin the man, and the cult of commemoration that for 60 years surrounded him, from the core method behind Lenin’s own thought, this article addresses the question of if and why Lenin still matters in Europe today. It does so by arguing for an Ilyenkovian reading of Lenin’s main ideas and contributions. The current condition of European politics is, to a significant degree, still a by-product of the rejection of ‘Leninism’ after 1989, Leninism having evolved after 1924 into a sociological construct designed predominantly to facilitate the accelerated industrialization of backward societies. The rejection of Leninism as an alternate form of modernity led, via a consciously post-modern moment in central and eastern Europe, to the substitution of ‘memory politics’, fostering a more openly competitive political culture focused around race, identity, religious faith, and often radical ethnic nationalism. The dangers of such an outcome were foreshadowed in the concerns of the Soviet philosopher Evald Ilyenkov, who sought in the 1960s and 1970s to counterbalance the rise of neopositivist thinking in his era by revisiting the dialectics of the ideal first explored by Marx and Lenin. Whilst Ilyenkov saw mechanistic materialism as the greater latent danger in his own day, he also opposed the subjective idealism of ‘socialism with a human face’, and the idealist currents that arose in response to neopositivist rhetoric in Soviet social life. He found in Lenin an intellectual ally of his own belief that the true definition of the ideal emerges via the collaborative collective activity of society as a whole in a particular historical moment, rather than via embracing one or other of these two extremes. Through Ilyenkov, Lenin continues to speak to our own times.
Средний класс в фокусе экономического и социологического подходов: границы и внутренняя структура (на примере России)
Authors: Тихонова Наталья Евгеньевна
Published: September 2020

Цитирование: Тихонова Н.Е. (2020) Средний класс в фокусе экономического и социологического подходов: границы и внутренняя структура (на примере России) // Мир России. Т. 29. № 4. С. 34–56. DOI: 10.17323/1811-038X-2020-29-4-34-56

Основные подходы к изучению среднего класса – экономический и социологический – исходят из разных теоретических предпосылок и используются для решения различных исследовательских задач. Если экономический подход важен прежде всего для целей социальной политики, то социологический позволяет лучше понять сущность определенного социума и характер его социальной структуры, выявить основные противоречия в развитии последней. Каждый из них существует во множестве вариантов, однако выделенный в рамках экономического подхода средний класс – это всегда средние по их благосостоянию или текущим доходам слои, включающие нижний средний и собственно средний классы. В России понимаемый таким образом средний класс составляет около двух третей населения. Выделенный в рамках социологического подхода средний класс, напротив, объединяет индивидов, занимающих срединные позиции в основных иерархиях социальных статусов, различающихся престижностью различных позиций в них. Ключевыми из них являются иерархии власти, собственности, текущих экономических возможностей/образа жизни и определяемого ими престижа. Как всякая социальная группа, средний класс характеризуется наличием в нем ядра и периферии этого ядра, но может быть структурирован и по слоям (в рамках вертикальной модели стратификации). В статье показано, что срединные позиции сразу во всех основных статусных иерархиях сейчас занимает сравнительно небольшая (около 8%) часть массовых слоев российского общества. В силу консистентности их статусов можно говорить о них как о ядре среднего класса. Однако более типичной для современной России является ситуация, когда эти позиции в большей или меньшей степени не совпадают (неконсистентны). В этом случае важно понять, какие из групп с неконсистентными статусами могут быть отнесены к среднему классу и почему. Пример такого анализа, приведенный в статье, демонстрирует, что в России численность среднего класса составляет сейчас около 40% населения.
Preparing EV-depleted media v1
Authors: Morales Kastresana Aizea , Killingsworth Bryce , A Welsh Joshua , Traynor Tim , Jones Jennifer
Published: September 2020

This protocol describes a method to prepare bovine EV-depleted 10% FBS cell culture media by ultracentrifugation of 20% FBS media and subsequent dilution.
MPAPASS - Creating an MPAPASS database v1
Authors: A Welsh Joshua , M Cook Sean , Jones Jennifer
Published: September 2020

This is collection contains the protocols required for each step in the mpapass software pipeline for performing stitched multiplex analysis. This is one of a number of protocols in the pipeline for using the mpapass software package and is applicable to the latest release of the software.
Neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English and Cameroon Francophone English
Authors: Safotso Gilbert Tagne
Published: September 2020

Language learning/use is a very delicate task. When a learner/user of a given language is confronted with a difficulty, he/she is forced to create to communicate. This can be observed in most New Englishes. Those varieties of English abound in neologisms and local languages items. From an interlanguage frame, this study looks at some neologisms and Cameroonisms in Cameroon English (CamE) / Cameroon Francophone English (CamFE). The data come from debates on national radio stations and TV channels, conversations among students and university lecturers on university campuses across Cameroon, casual encounters such as public gatherings or during journeys, and from students’ essays. The findings show that, in CamE, most neologisms come from Pidgin English or French while Cameroonisms come from local languages, the inflection of some English words and skilful combination of some English structures. In CamFE, most neologisms come from French and Cameroonisms from home languages and code mixing.
The Enlightenment of Second Language Ego to Oral English Teaching in Senior High School
Authors: Wang Junhua
Published: September 2020

Affective factors play a vital role in second language acquisition. Language ego, as a crucial affective factor, should be taken into consideration when teachers teach oral English in senior high school. Learning a new language is the process of acquiring a new language ego. A positive second language ego can promote students’ English learning. A negative language ego, especially inhibition, can become the major hindrance to students’ oral English learning. However, many English teachers cannot realize the importance of second language ego, which causes many problems in oral English teaching. In this paper, the author elaborates the concept of language ego and demonstrates that the primary focus of developing a positive second language ego in senior high school is to overcome inhibition, which is beneficial to oral English learning. Furthermore, the author also gives some suggestions to English teachers concerning solving problems when they teach oral English. As a result, students can get into an optimal learning state, then the efficiency of oral English teaching can also be improved.
The Role of the Experiment in the Study of the Language Material
Authors: Mustafayeva Sahila Baghir Gizi
Published: September 2020

The article deals with the role of the experiment in the study of the language material. As it is known the learning of voices is very difficult, and it requires great attention. In this case it is necessary to use the opportunities of experimental phonetics. It should be stressed that the role of experiment in the investigation of the language facts through experiment has long been proved. The author uses expedient to investigate the acoustic peculiarities of the language voices. The intonation is used to be closely related to the various emotions of a person in the speech acts. In recent years, the application of principles, conceptual schemes, ideas and concepts derived from psycho- and sociolinguistics and linguistic pragmatics in the field of intonation has become widespread. Intonation must be studied at the communicative level. Semantic categories expressed in intonation units usually refer to the communicative components of speech. In the grammatical structure of the sentence, they can correspond to the composition of any length. Accordingly, the "sphere of activity" of intonation units can have different components from word to sentence at the hierarchical level.
Kameradan Alınan Görüntünün CNC Tezgâhında Gerçek Zamanlı Olarak İşlenmesi
Authors: ÖZTÜRK Sıtkı , KUNCAN Melih
Published: September 2020

Bu çalışmada endüstride yaygın olarak kullanılan bilgisayar
destekli sayısal kontrolöre (CNC (Computer Numerik Control)) koordinat desteği
ile görüntünün ölçekli olarak çizdirilmesi hedeflenmiştir. Bilgisayar ortamında
alınan görüntünün görsel olarak benzetiminden sonra elde edilen iskelet yörünge
koordinatları, CNC hareket yörünge komutlarına dönüştürülmekte ve CNC ünitesine
yüklenen hareket komutları makinede otomatik olarak işlenmektedir. Bu çalışma
sayesinde görüntü işlemenin kullanım alanları ile programlanabilir makinelerin
çalışma alanları birleştirilerek, yararlı bir çalışma oluşturulması
amaçlanmıştır.

Görüntünün kameradan alınarak, üzerinde belirli
işlemlerin uygulanılması sonucunda, kullanılacak gerekli bilgiler alınmıştır.
Bunun için sırasıyla alınan görüntüye belirli bir eşik değeri uygulanarak siyah
beyaz (binary) bir görüntü oluşturulmuş ve iskelet çıkarımları yapılarak
görüntünün koordinat değerleri elde edilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, iskelet çıkarımı
için Matlab programında görüntünün iskeletini oluşturma (skeleton)
fonksiyonundan yararlanılmış, koordinat değerleri ise sınır çıkarma
fonksiyonları ile (bwboundaries) belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen koordinat
değerlerini CNC’de hareket komutuna dönüştürebilmek için 'g kod' una
dönüştürmek gerekmektedir. Bu işlem basamağı Matlab programı kullanılarak
gerçekleştirilmiştir. g kodu çıktı dosyası USB bellek yardımı ile CNC’ye aktarılarak
x-y düzleminde görüntüyü istenen şekilde talaş kaldırarak çizdirilmiştir

Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada, kameradan alınan görüntünün
koordinatlarının hesaplanması sayesinde istenen şekilde CNC tezgah tarafından
işlemenin yapılması amaçlanmıştır. 
Görüntü işleme aşamasında Matlab programı kullanılmış, işlenen görüntüyü
istenen şekilde talaş kaldırarak çizdirebilmek için Siemens’in Sinumerik CNC
tezgâhı kullanılmıştır. Prototip makinede gerçekleştirilen işleme çıktıları
üzerinde yapılan ölçüm testleri sonucunda işlemenin orijinal resme uygun hatasız
bir şekilde gerçekleştiği gözlenmiştir. Yapılan karşılaştırma ve
değerlendirmelerde teorik sonuçlarla pratik sonuçların büyük oranda örtüştüğü
sonucuna varılmıştır.
On the question of the origin of vaginal cysts. Cyst of the anterior vaginal wall
Authors: Khomitskiy P. V.
Published: September 2020

On the 20th of January of this year, I was invited to visit a sick woman, the sister of one of my Moscow comrades. A sick, intelligent person, 38 years old, came for treatment from the Chernigov province, comes from a very healthy family.
Füth. Ueber einem Fall von Harnblasenverdoppelung. (Centralbl. F. Gynäkol., 1894, No. 14, p. 332). Double bladder case
Authors: Kakushkin N.
Published: September 2020

Features of the case (4-month-old boy): hernia of the white line, splitting of the pubic arch, fusion, in the form of cords, between the rectum and the bladder and between the latter and the abdominal wall, and lengthening of the mesentery flexurae sigmoideae.
Prof. Paul. F. Munde. Ten Years ’experience with Alexander’s operation for schortening the round ligaments of the uterus — sixty-five cases. (American Journal of obstetrics and diseases of Women and children, 1894, August, p. 297). Ten years of experience with shortening of the round uterine ligaments (Alexander's operation), 65 cases.
Authors: Ginzburg M.
Published: September 2020

Munde began to perform this operation in 1884. The results of the operation were so good that in the first year he performed it 6 times, and in 1888 he published 23 cases of it. In three of them M. did not find round ligaments, but in the remaining 20 the goal of the operation was achieved.