bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Contributions of Ionospheric Migrating Tides to Ionospheric Intra‐Annual Variations
Authors: Chen Jinyuan , Ren Xiaodong , Liu Hang , Le Xuan , Yang Pengxi , Zhu Wei , Zhang Xiaohong
Published: August 2024

The Earth's ionosphere undergoes regular intra‐annual variations (IAVs) characterized by two peaks and troughs around the equinoxes and solstices. This phenomenon is crucial for analyzing the ionospheric response to geomagnetic storms. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the IAVs contributed by diurnal and semidiurnal migrating tides (DW1 and SW2) using Global Ionospheric Maps (GIMs) data from 2017 to 2021. Through data stacking techniques, the seasonal variability and splitting phenomenon of DW1 and SW2 across different latitudes are examined. The findings indicate that the splitting of these tides can be attributed to their quasi‐periodic variations, predominantly composed of annual oscillation (AO) and semiannual oscillation (SAO). The combination of DW1, SW2, and their side‐band harmonics results in beats with annual and semiannual periodicities, enabling the restoration of the seasonal variations in DW1 and SW2. The ionospheric day‐to‐day variations were reconstructed by superimposing DW1 and SW2, and their IAVs were evaluated using the envelope method. Comparison with IAVs driven by Earth's orbital geometry reveals that tide‐driven IAVs are more significant, and both exhibit solar activity dependence. The results advance the understanding of ionospheric variability, emphasizing the critical role of tidal contributions.
Early detection of pancreatic cancer by comprehensive serum miRNA sequencing with automated machine learning
Authors: Kawai Munenori , Fukuda Akihisa , Otomo Ryo , Obata Shunsuke , Minaga Kosuke , Asada Masanori , Umemura Atsushi , Uenoyama Yoshito , Hieda Nobuhiro , Morita Toshihiro , Minami Ryuki , Marui Saiko , Yamauchi Yuki , Nakai Yoshitaka , Takada Yutaka , Ikuta Kozo , Yoshioka Takuto , Mizukoshi Kenta , Iwane Kosuke , Yamakawa Go , Namikawa Mio , Sono Makoto , Nagao Munemasa , Maruno Takahisa , Nakanishi Yuki , Hirai Mitsuharu , Kanda Naoki , Shio Seiji , Itani Toshinao , Fujii Shigehiko , Kimura Toshiyuki , Matsumura Kazuyoshi , Ohana Masaya , Yazumi Shujiro , Kawanami Chiharu , Yamashita Yukitaka , Marusawa Hiroyuki , Watanabe Tomohiro , Ito Yoshito , Kudo Masatoshi , Seno Hiroshi
Published: August 2024

Background

Pancreatic cancer is often diagnosed at advanced stages, and early-stage diagnosis of pancreatic cancer is difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and lack of available biomarkers.

Methods

We performed comprehensive serum miRNA sequencing of 212 pancreatic cancer patient samples from 14 hospitals and 213 non-cancerous healthy control samples. We randomly classified the pancreatic cancer and control samples into two cohorts: a training cohort (N = 185) and a validation cohort (N = 240). We created ensemble models that combined automated machine learning with 100 highly expressed miRNAs and their combination with CA19-9 and validated the performance of the models in the independent validation cohort.

Results

The diagnostic model with the combination of the 100 highly expressed miRNAs and CA19-9 could discriminate pancreatic cancer from non-cancer healthy control with high accuracy (area under the curve (AUC), 0.99; sensitivity, 90%; specificity, 98%). We validated high diagnostic accuracy in an independent asymptomatic early-stage (stage 0-I) pancreatic cancer cohort (AUC:0.97; sensitivity, 67%; specificity, 98%).

Conclusions

We demonstrate that the 100 highly expressed miRNAs and their combination with CA19-9 could be biomarkers for the specific and early detection of pancreatic cancer.
Tuning the B-CLL microenvironment: evidence for BAG3 protein- mediated regulation of stromal fibroblasts activity
Authors: Basile Anna , Giudice Valentina , Mettivier Laura , Falco Antonia , Cammarota Anna Lisa , D’Ardia Angela , Selleri Carmine , De Marco Margot , De Maio Nicola , Turco Maria Caterina , Marzullo Liberato , Rosati Alessandra
Published: August 2024

The Bcl2-associated athanogene-3 (BAG3) protein, a critical regulator of cellular survival, has been identified as a potential therapeutic target in various malignancies. This study investigates the role of BAG3 within stromal fibroblasts and its interaction with B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells. Previous research demonstrated that BAG3 maintains the active state of pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) and aids pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) spread via cytokine release. To explore BAG3’s role in bone marrow-derived stromal fibroblasts, BAG3 was silenced in HS-5 cells using siRNA. In co-culture experiments with PBMCs from B-CLL patients, BAG3 silencing in HS-5 cells increased apoptosis and decreased phosphorylation of BTK, AKT, and ERK in B-CLL cells, thus disrupting their pro-survival key signaling pathways. The observation of fibroblast-activated protein (FAP) positive cells in infiltrated bone marrow specimens co-expressing BAG3 further support the involvement of the protein in fibroblast-mediated tumor survival. Additionally, BAG3 appears to support B-CLL survival by modulating cytokine networks, including IL-10 and CXCL12, which are essential for leukemic cell survival and proliferation. A robust correlation between BAG3 expression and the levels of CXCL12 and IL-10 was observed in both co-cultures and patient specimens. These findings point out the need for a more in-depth comprehension of the intricate network of interactions within the tumor microenvironment and provide valuable insights for the selection of new potential therapeutic targets in the medical treatment of CLL.
Metal-polyphenol-network coated R612F nanoparticles reduce drug resistance in hepatocellular carcinoma by inhibiting stress granules
Authors: Zhou Yue , Zhang Tongjia , Wang Shujie , Jiao Zitao , Lu Kejia , Liu Xinyi , Li Hui , Jiang Wei , Zhang Xiaowei
Published: August 2024

Stress granules (SGs) are considered to be the nonmembrane discrete assemblies present in the cytoplasm to cope with various environmental stress. SGs can promote the progression and drug resistance of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Therefore, it is important to explore the mechanism of SG formation to reduce drug resistance in HCC. In this study, we demonstrate that p110α is required for SGs assembly. Mechanistically, the Arg-Gly (RG) motif of p110α is required for SG competence and regulates the recruitment of SG components. The methylation of p110α mediated by protein arginine methyltransferase 1 (PRMT1) interferes with the recruitment of p110α to SG components, thereby inhibiting the promotion of p110α to SGs. On this basis, we generated metal-polyphenol-network-coated R612F nanoparticles (MPN-R612F), which can efficiently enter HCC cells and maintain the hypermethylation state of p110α, thereby inhibiting the assembly of SGs and ultimately reducing the resistance of HCC cells to sorafenib. The combination of MPN-R612F nanoparticles and sorafenib can kill HCC cells more effectively and play a stronger anti-tumor effect. This study provides a new perspective for targeting SGs in the treatment of HCC.
Inhibition of TOPORS ubiquitin ligase augments the efficacy of DNA hypomethylating agents through DNMT1 stabilization
Authors: Kaito Satoshi , Aoyama Kazumasa , Oshima Motohiko , Tsuchiya Akiho , Miyota Makiko , Yamashita Masayuki , Koide Shuhei , Nakajima-Takagi Yaeko , Kozuka-Hata Hiroko , Oyama Masaaki , Yogo Takao , Yabushita Tomohiro , Ito Ryoji , Ueno Masaya , Hirao Atsushi , Tohyama Kaoru , Li Chao , Kawabata Kimihito Cojin , Yamaguchi Kiyoshi , Furukawa Yoichi , Kosako Hidetaka , Yoshimi Akihide , Goyama Susumu , Nannya Yasuhito , Ogawa Seishi , Agger Karl , Helin Kristian , Yamazaki Satoshi , Koseki Haruhiko , Doki Noriko , Harada Yuka , Harada Hironori , Nishiyama Atsuya , Nakanishi Makoto , Iwama Atsushi
Published: August 2024

DNA hypomethylating agents (HMAs) are used for the treatment of myeloid malignancies, although their therapeutic effects have been unsatisfactory. Here we show that CRISPR-Cas9 screening reveals that knockout of topoisomerase 1-binding arginine/serine-rich protein (TOPORS), which encodes a ubiquitin/SUMO E3 ligase, augments the efficacy of HMAs on myeloid leukemic cells with little effect on normal hematopoiesis, suggesting that TOPORS is involved in resistance to HMAs. HMAs are incorporated into the DNA and trap DNA methyltransferase-1 (DNMT1) to form DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks, which undergo SUMOylation, followed by proteasomal degradation. Persistent crosslinking is cytotoxic. The TOPORS RING finger domain, which mediates ubiquitination, is responsible for HMA resistance. In TOPORS knockout cells, DNMT1 is stabilized by HMA treatment due to inefficient ubiquitination, resulting in the accumulation of unresolved SUMOylated DNMT1. This indicates that TOPORS ubiquitinates SUMOylated DNMT1, thereby promoting the resolution of DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks. Consistently, the ubiquitination inhibitor, TAK-243, and the SUMOylation inhibitor, TAK-981, show synergistic effects with HMAs through DNMT1 stabilization. Our study provides a novel HMA-based therapeutic strategy that interferes with the resolution of DNA-DNMT1 crosslinks.
hnRNP R promotes O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G and facilitates axonal protein synthesis
Authors: Zare Abdolhossein , Salehi Saeede , Bader Jakob , Schneider Cornelius , Fischer Utz , Veh Alexander , Arampatzi Panagiota , Mann Matthias , Briese Michael , Sendtner Michael
Published: August 2024

Motoneurons critically depend on precise spatial and temporal control of translation for axon growth and the establishment and maintenance of neuromuscular connections. While defects in local translation have been implicated in the pathogenesis of motoneuron disorders, little is known about the mechanisms regulating axonal protein synthesis. Here, we report that motoneurons derived from Hnrnpr knockout mice show reduced axon growth accompanied by lowered synthesis of cytoskeletal and synaptic components in axons. Mutant mice display denervated neuromuscular junctions and impaired motor behavior. In axons, hnRNP R is a component of translation initiation complexes and, through interaction with O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) transferase (Ogt), modulates O-GlcNAcylation of eIF4G. Restoring axonal O-GlcNAc levels rescued local protein synthesis and axon growth defects of hnRNP R knockout motoneurons. Together, these findings demonstrate a function of hnRNP R in controlling the local production of key factors required for axon growth and formation of neuromuscular innervations.
Developmental signals control chromosome segregation fidelity during pluripotency and neurogenesis by modulating replicative stress
Authors: de Jaime-Soguero Anchel , Hattemer Janina , Bufe Anja , Haas Alexander , van den Berg Jeroen , van Batenburg Vincent , Das Biswajit , di Marco Barbara , Androulaki Stefania , Böhly Nicolas , Landry Jonathan J. M. , Schoell Brigitte , Rosa Viviane S. , Villacorta Laura , Baskan Yagmur , Trapp Marleen , Benes Vladimir , Chabes Andrei , Shahbazi Marta , Jauch Anna , Engel Ulrike , Patrizi Annarita , Sotillo Rocio , van Oudenaarden Alexander , Bageritz Josephine , Alfonso Julieta , Bastians Holger , Acebrón Sergio P.
Published: August 2024

Human development relies on the correct replication, maintenance and segregation of our genetic blueprints. How these processes are monitored across embryonic lineages, and why genomic mosaicism varies during development remain unknown. Using pluripotent stem cells, we identify that several patterning signals—including WNT, BMP, and FGF—converge into the modulation of DNA replication stress and damage during S-phase, which in turn controls chromosome segregation fidelity in mitosis. We show that the WNT and BMP signals protect from excessive origin firing, DNA damage and chromosome missegregation derived from stalled forks in pluripotency. Cell signalling control of chromosome segregation declines during lineage specification into the three germ layers, but re-emerges in neural progenitors. In particular, we find that the neurogenic factor FGF2 induces DNA replication stress-mediated chromosome missegregation during the onset of neurogenesis, which could provide a rationale for the elevated chromosomal mosaicism of the developing brain. Our results highlight roles for morphogens and cellular identity in genome maintenance that contribute to somatic mosaicism during mammalian development.
Photoredox phase engineering of transition metal dichalcogenides
Authors: Lim Juhwan , Lee Jung-In , Wang Ye , Gauriot Nicolas , Sebastian Ebin , Chhowalla Manish , Schnedermann Christoph , Rao Akshay
Published: August 2024

Crystallographic phase engineering plays an important part in the precise control of the physical and electronic properties of materials. In two-dimensional transition metal dichalcogenides (2D TMDs), phase engineering using chemical lithiation with the organometallization agent n-butyllithium (n-BuLi), to convert the semiconducting 2H (trigonal) to the metallic 1T (octahedral) phase, has been widely explored for applications in areas such as transistors, catalysis and batteries1–15. Although this chemical phase engineering can be performed at ambient temperatures and pressures, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood, and the use of n-BuLi raises notable safety concerns. Here we optically visualize the archetypical phase transition from the 2H to the 1T phase in mono- and bilayer 2D TMDs and discover that this reaction can be accelerated by up to six orders of magnitude using low-power illumination at 455 nm. We identify that the above-gap illumination improves the rate-limiting charge-transfer kinetics through a photoredox process. We use this method to achieve rapid and high-quality phase engineering of TMDs and demonstrate that this methodology can be harnessed to inscribe arbitrary phase patterns with diffraction-limited edge resolution into few-layer TMDs. Finally, we replace pyrophoric n-BuLi with safer polycyclic aromatic organolithiation agents and show that their performance exceeds that of n-BuLi as a phase transition agent. Our work opens opportunities for exploring the in situ characterization of electrochemical processes and paves the way for sustainably scaling up materials and devices by photoredox phase engineering.
Activity of nested neural circuits drives different courtship songs in Drosophila
Authors: Shiozaki Hiroshi M. , Wang Kaiyu , Lillvis Joshua L. , Xu Min , Dickson Barry J. , Stern David L.
Published: August 2024

Motor systems implement diverse motor programs to pattern behavioral sequences, yet how different motor actions are controlled on a moment-by-moment basis remains unclear. Here, we investigated the neural circuit mechanisms underlying the control of distinct courtship songs in Drosophila. Courting males rapidly alternate between two types of song: pulse and sine. By recording calcium signals in the ventral nerve cord in singing flies, we found that one neural population is active during both songs, whereas an expanded neural population, which includes neurons from the first population, is active during pulse song. Brain recordings showed that this nested activation pattern is present in two descending pathways required for singing. Connectomic analysis reveals that these two descending pathways provide structured input to ventral nerve cord neurons in a manner consistent with their activation patterns. These results suggest that nested premotor circuit activity, directed by distinct descending signals, enables rapid switching between motor actions.
Deformation-based morphometry applied to FDG PET data reveals hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Frings Lars , Blazhenets Ganna , Brumberg Joachim , Rau Alexander , Urbach Horst , Meyer Philipp T.
Published: August 2024

Cerebral atrophy is a key finding in patients with dementia and usually determined on MRI. We tested whether cerebral atrophy can be imaged with FDG PET by applying deformation-based morphometry (DBM). We retrospectively identified 26 patients with a biomarker-supported clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) who had received FDG PET on a fully-digital PET/CT system and structural MRI and compared them to 13 healthy elderly controls (HEC). We performed DBM with FDG PET data (FDG-DBM). As a reference standard for determining atrophy we used voxel-based morphometry of MRI data (MRI-VBM). For conventional analysis of hypometabolism, scaled FDG PET scans (reference: brain parenchyma) were compared between groups. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses were performed. ROI read-outs were tested for associations with cognitive test performance. FDG-DBM showed abnormalities in AD mainly in the bilateral hippocampi. Similarly, MRI-VBM showed hippocampal atrophy. By contrast, conventional FDG PET analysis revealed reduced bilateral temporo-parietal FDG uptake (all p < 0.05, FWE-corrected). FDG-DBM measures of the hippocampus significantly separated AD from HEC with an AUC of 0.81; MRI-VBM achieved an AUC of 0.87; the difference between the two ROC curves was not significant (p = 0.40). Whereas FDG uptake of the hippocampus did not separate AD from HEC, FDG uptake of the Landau Meta-ROI achieved an AUC of 0.88. Verbal memory was significantly associated with FDG-DBM measures of the hippocampus (p = 0.009), but not of the Landau Meta-ROI (p > 0.1). The opposite held true for conventional FDG uptake (p > 0.1 and p = 0.001, respectively). Hippocampal atrophy in AD can be detected by applying DBM to clinical, fully-digital FDG PET. It correlates with cognitive performance and might constitute a biomarker of neurodegeneration that is complementary to conventional FDG PET analysis of regional hypometabolism.
Environmental impact assessment based on particulate matter, and chlorophyll content of urban trees
Authors: Abriha-Molnár Vanda Éva , Szabó Szilárd , Magura Tibor , Tóthmérész Béla , Abriha Dávid , Sipos Bianka , Simon Edina
Published: August 2024

The amount of dust deposited on tree leaves is a cost-effective indicator of air quality. Our aim was to explore the leaf surface deposition, and chlorophyll content of leaves along a road section that started at an intersection, and ended in a less disturbed suburban area in Debrecen, Hungary. We also assessed the impact of meteorological conditions on the amount of deposited dust. Leaf samples were collected in July, and September 2022 from Celtis occidentalis, a frequent species in green urban areas of Debrecen. We found a significant negative correlation between dust deposition, and the distance from the intersection in July. In September, dust deposition decreased considerably compared to July, due to rainfall before the second sampling. Surprisingly, we found a positive correlation between dust deposition and chlorophyll content in July. Our findings suggest that dust deposition on leaves serves as a reliable indicator of traffic intensity, because the excess dust caused by the proximity of vehicle traffic can be detected on the leaf surface. Although, rainfall can disrupt the patterns in dust deposition that have developed over an extended period through wash-off and resuspension. Hence, it is advisable to consider these effects while selecting the sampling time and evaluating the results.
Onscreen Chemistry
Authors: O’Donoghue John
Published: August 2024

Lights. Camera. Reaction!

How do real world discoveries affect what we see on screen? What impact does the world of film have on how we view chemistry? Are chemists the villains or the heroes?

From Transylvania and Chernobyl to generic geniuses and meth makers, explore the fascinating world of the big and small screen through a chemist’s eye as cinema and television are passed under the microscope. From the earliest silent films through to modern, multi-episode television, discover the real-life chemistry that inspired your favourite shows.

Learn how depictions of chemists have changed through the years. Are chemists always pictured as relentless in their quest, are the dangers and risks accurately represented and did the image of chemistry teachers change after the portrayal of a teacher turned illicit drug supplier?

Uncover the facts and fiction around these questions and many more with Onscreen Chemistry.
Bifunctional Electrocatalysts for Metal–Air Batteries
Authors: Jadhav Ganesh D. , Jadhav Arti A. , Patil Sumita S. , Shinde Sambhaji S. , Wagh Nayantara K. , Patil Sharad B. , Lokhande Chandrakant D. , Patil Umakant M.
Published: August 2024

Metal–air batteries (MABs) have been gaining attention as a promising solution for next-generation electrochemical energy storage devices since they have a higher theoretical energy density than metal ion batteries, making them ideal for applications such as electric vehicles and grid energy storage. These attributes are essential for achieving the ultimate objective of phasing out the world’s reliance on fossil fuels in the long term. However, efficient bifunctional oxygen evolution/reduction reaction (OER/ORR) catalysts are crucial for the further development of MABs. This chapter summarizes the exploration of materials such as metal oxides and conductive polymers that have been identified as promising candidates exhibiting strong catalytic activity and stability in MABs. These materials demonstrate adaptability to diverse environments, whether aqueous or non-aqueous electrolytes, employing various methods for energy storage. These advances are a crucial step towards realizing the potential of MABs, meeting the increasing demand for reliable, high-energy density batteries in emerging technologies. The study of bifunctional electrocatalysts for MABs has provided valuable insights into their performance across different electrolytes and battery types, including Zn, Li, Mg, Na, and Al systems. Bifunctional electrocatalysts play a pivotal role by significantly enhancing both ORR and OER, essential for processes governing the efficiency of MABs. The applicability of bifunctional electrocatalysts underscores their potential to drive advances in various MAB technologies, facilitating the development of more efficient, durable, and versatile energy storage solutions. Ongoing research on and enhancement of these catalysts could lead to more efficient and sustainable energy storage solutions, ushering in a new era in MAB technology.
Bacterial endosymbionts of a nitrogen-fixing yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa JGTA-S1 – insights into a yet unknown micro-ecosystem
Authors: Nag Mayurakshi , Pallavi Janardhan , Chakraborty Sandipan , Roychoudhury Trina , Mondal Sangita , Ghosh Abhrajyoti , Saha Chinmay , Banerjee Manidipa , Seal Anindita
Published: August 2024

Rhodotorula mucilaginosa JGTA-S1 is a yeast species capable of fixing nitrogen and improving nitrogen nutrition in rice plants because of its nitrogen-fixing endobacteria, namely Stutzerimonas (Pseudomonas) stutzeri and Bradyrhizobium sp.
Mass spectrometry imaging in plants, microbes, and food: a review
Authors: Vats Mudita , Cillero-Pastor Berta , Cuypers Eva , Heeren Ron M. A.
Published: August 2024

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) provides spatially-resolved molecular information across various samples, including plants, microbes, and food, thereby enhancing our understanding of agricultural systems.
Full-length circRNA sequencing method using low-input RNAs and profiling of circRNAs in MPTP-PD mice on a nanopore platform
Authors: Wang Ying , Li Xiaohan , Lu Wenxiang , Li Fuyu , Yao Lingsong , Liu Zhiyu , Shi Huajuan , Zhang Weizhong , Bai Yunfei
Published: August 2024

An effective method to characterize full-length circRNA sequences from low-input RNA samples with rolling circular reverse transcription and nanopore sequencing.
Waste biomass-based 3D graphene aerogels for high performance zinc-ion hybrid supercapacitors
Authors: Sankar Das Gouri , Jangir Lokesh Kumar , Raju K Sandeep , Sharma Yogesh Chandra , Tripathi Kumud Malika
Published: August 2024

Biomass-derived 3D graphene aerogels are applied in aqueous Zn-ion hybrid supercapacitors as cathode materials for achieving enhanced performance and rate capability.
Soft chemistry-derived Al-substituted hydrated nickel hydroxide electrodes for rechargeable aqueous batteries
Authors: Imai Kento , Ikezawa Atsunori , Sato Shigeki , Arai Hajime
Published: August 2024

Highly crystalline soft chemistry samples show better rechargeability than the conventional coprecipitation samples.
Organoboron catalysis for direct amide/peptide bond formation
Authors: Koshizuka Masayoshi , Takahashi Naoya , Shimada Naoyuki
Published: August 2024

This review explores studies on the development of direct dehydrative amide/peptide bond formation from carboxylic acids using organoboron catalysis.
Design of V-shaped ionic liquid crystals: atropisomerisation ability and formation of double-gyroid molecular assemblies
Authors: Ichikawa Takahiro , Obara Soki , Yamaguchi Saori , Tang Yumin , Kato Toshiyo , Zeng Xiangbing
Published: August 2024

We designed a series of V-shaped ionic liquid crystals with two sterically congested ionic parts at the vertex, which formed bicontinuous cubic phases with gyroid nanostructures.
High-contrast imaging of cellular non-repetitive drug-resistant genes via in situ dead Cas12a-labeled PCR
Authors: Deng Ruijie , Zhang Xinlei , Cao Jijuan , Liu Xinmiao , Zhang Yong , Wang Feng , Xia Xuhan
Published: August 2024

We developed a dead Cas12a (dCas12a)-labeled polymerase chain reaction (CasPCR) assay for high-contrast imaging of cellular drug-resistant genes.
Impacts of trace level chromium on formation of superoxide within uranyl triperoxide complexes
Authors: Scherrer Sarah K. , Rajapaksha Harindu , Kravchuk Dmytro V. , Mason Sara E. , Forbes Tori Z.
Published: August 2024

U(vi) triperoxide solids oxidize to superoxide forms in the presence of trace-level chromium. In solution, the U(vi) superoxide grows in after 48 h and can be detected by EPR spectroscopy without the use of a spin-trap.
Implementation of 2,2′-azobispyridine radical mono- and dianions in dinuclear rare earth metal complexes
Authors: Delano Francis , Demir Selvan
Published: August 2024

An unprecedented dinuclear rare earth metal complex with a bridging 2,2'-azobispyridyl radical anion was isolated from the one-electron oxidation of the parent neutral complex. Both were characterized through crystallography, spectroscopy, and DFT.
Multi-arm quinoxaline-based acceptors formed by π-conjugation extension for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Ran Xinya , Qiu Dingding , Shi Yanan , Zhang Hao , Zhang Jianqi , Wei Zhixiang , Lu Kun
Published: August 2024

A novel method for constructing multi-arm acceptors through extended conjugation in quinoxaline-based materials was developed, which achieved a high PCE of 18.82% in OSCs.
Advancing the dynamic mechanical analysis of organic semiconductor materials
Authors: Feng Jintao , Sun Chunlong , Li Saimeng , Ye Long
Published: August 2024

Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) is powerful for characterizing the mechanical properties of organic/polymeric semiconductors.
Tuning the structure of N-methyldiethanolamine-based deep eutectic solvents for efficient and reversible SO2 capture
Authors: Li Xueqi , Meng Lingqiang , Yang Fuliu , Yang Zhuhong , Li Jun , Chen Yifeng , Ji Xiaoyan
Published: August 2024

The SO2 absorption capacity of MDEA-Im (1 : 1) was 0.471 g SO2 g−1 DES at 293.2 K and 2000 ppm. The addition of Im increased the absorption sites, making it more effective to capture SO2.
DNA domino circuits based on a hairpin exonuclease assistance signal transmission architecture for temporal logic operations
Authors: Zhang Xun , Yao Yao , Liu Xin , Zhang Xiaokang , Cui Shuang , Wang Bin , Zhang Qiang
Published: August 2024

Hairpin exonuclease assistance signal transmission architecture to construct DNA domino circuits to realize temporal molecular logic operations.
Photocatalytic production of a C12 liquid biofuel precursor and H2 by Ni(OH)2–ZnIn2S4 in anaerobic water
Authors: Kang Wanqiong , Li Xiaolong , Zeng Xiongxiong , Wu Han , Ge You , Yuan Lan , Liu Yi , Han Chuang
Published: August 2024

We reported the dimerization of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) to a C12 jet/kerosene fuel intermediate with H2 production in a bifunctional photoredox system by Ni(OH)2–ZnIn2S4 in anaerobic water.
Ag(i)-catalyzed diastereoselective oxidative cyclopropanation of prochiral alkyne-tethered 1,3-dicarbonitriles
Authors: Navaneetha N. , Munakala Anandarao , Chegondi Rambabu
Published: August 2024

Herein, we developed a highly diastereoselective silver-catalyzed intramolecular cyclopropanation of prochiral alkyne-tethered 1,3-dicarbonitriles using perchloric acid as an effective oxidizing agent.
Se self-doped Ni(OH)2 for an efficient urea oxidation reaction
Authors: Song Shenyi , Huang Xingyu , Yang Yun , Feng Ligang
Published: August 2024

Se-doped Ni(OH)2 showed greatly improved catalytic performance for urea oxidation due to the enhanced urea molecules adsorption ability and weakened poisoning effect.
Construction of stable porous organic cages: from the perspective of chemical bonds
Authors: Yang Miao , Su Kongzhao , Yuan Daqiang
Published: August 2024

This review summarizes recent progress in synthesizing stable porous organic cages (POCs) with enhanced stability and robust covalent linkages.
Growth of freestanding GaN crystals on three-dimensional mesh porous substrates by HVPE
Authors: Wang Zhongxin , Wang Shouzhi , Liu Lei , Yu Jiaoxian , Wang Guodong , Li Qiubo , Qi Zhanguo , Xu Xiangang , Zhang Lei
Published: August 2024

The effect of two-step etching on a substrate surface structure was investigated, and the nucleation mechanism and dislocation evolution of HVPE-grown GaN on porous structures were studied in depth.
Proton-coupled electron transfer at a mis-metalated zinc site detected with protein charge ladders
Authors: Gonzalez Mayte , Guberman-Pfeffer Matthew J. , Koone Jordan C. , Dashnaw Chad M. , Lato Travis J. , Shaw Bryan F.
Published: August 2024

Distinguishing ET and PCET processes is challenging. This paper used “protein charge ladders” to show that PCET occurs at the non-redox “structural” zinc sight of SOD1, when a Cu ion displaces Zn.
Dirhodium(ii) complex catalyzed dehydrosilylation of styrenes: theoretical investigations on the mechanism, selectivity, and ligand effects
Authors: Zhong Ziying , Li Qingzhong , Li Xiaoyan
Published: August 2024

The structure of the actual catalyst and the detailed mechanism of the dehydrogenation of vinylarene catalyzed by a dirhodium(ii) complex are determined via DFT calculations.
Germanium distributions in zeolites derived from neural network potentials
Authors: Saha Indranil , Erlebach Andreas , Nachtigall Petr , Heard Christopher J. , Grajciar Lukáš
Published: August 2024

This work uses newly developed machine learning potentials to predict how germanium distributes within the zeolite catalysts, depending on both germanium content and the framework topology, aiding the rational zeolite design.
Multiphase interface coupling of Ni-based sulfide composites for high-current-density oxygen evolution electrocatalysis in alkaline freshwater/simulated seawater/seawater
Authors: Liang Jing , Zhao Zhifeng , Su Zhanhua , Qu Weili , Guo Rui , Li Xiaofeng , Shang Yongchen
Published: August 2024

NNSN/NF-11h is prepared by a solvothermal method, which offers promising OER activity in alkaline freshwater/simulated seawater/seawater at high current densities.
A comparative study of titanium complexes bearing 2-(arylideneamino)phenolates and 2-((arylimino)methyl)phenolates as catalysts for ring-opening polymerization of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide
Authors: Wu Ling-Jo , Kottalanka Ravi Kumar , Chu Yu-Ting , Lin Zheng-Ian , Chang Chun-Juei , Ding Shangwu , Chen Hsuan-Ying , Wu Kuo-Hui , Chen Chih-Kuang
Published: August 2024

Titanium complexes bearing 2-(arylideneamino)phenolates and 2-((arylimino)methyl)phenolates were synthesized, and their catalytic activities in the polymerization of ε-caprolactone and l-lactide were studied.
Novel insights into the joint phytotoxicity of nanoplastics and silver ions at environmentally relevant concentrations: a dual aggregation-induced emission bioimaging approach
Authors: Wang Yuhuai , Yan Neng , Ji Qiquan , Chen Sike , Huang Yushu , Wong Tin Yan , Hu Yubing , Shi Jianbo
Published: August 2024

Nanoplastics (NPs) act as carriers of heavy metals and pose toxicity to aquatic organisms due to their affinity for heavy metals; however, the particular role of NPs in this joint toxicity remains unclear.
Glycine-assisted phosphorus release and recovery from waste-activated sludge
Authors: Cen Sheqi , Zou Yao , Chen Hang , Deng Xuhan , Huang Fu , Chen Liping , Li Le , Jin Tenghui , Wei Chaohai , Nengzi Lichao , Qiu Guanglei
Published: August 2024

This study reports a sustainable and green method for phosphorus (P) extraction and recovery from waste-activated sludge using glycine as a recyclable P-extraction agent.
Carbon flows and biochar stability during co-pyrolysis of human faeces with wood biomass
Authors: Koulouri M. E. , Qiu M. , Templeton M. R. , Fowler G. D.
Published: August 2024

The systematic quantification of carbon flows and biochar stability when co-pyrolysing human faeces with wood biomass at different blending ratios and temperatures.
Correction: Oral aged garlic (Allium sativum) alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by improving gut homeostasis
Authors: Han Deping , Guan Xuke , Zhu Fengxia , Yang Qing , Su Dingding
Published: August 2024

Correction for ‘Oral aged garlic (Allium sativum) alleviates ulcerative colitis in mice by improving gut homeostasis’ by Deping Han et al., Food Funct., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4FO03105A.
Potential application of a defective NiCl2 monolayer as a toxic gas sensor: a computational study
Authors: Chen Lei , Wang Zhongxu , Zhao Jingxiang
Published: August 2024

An experimentally feasible defective NiCl2 monolayer is used as a substrate in this paper, and its feasibility as a gas sensor for detecting O2 and CO gases under different conditions is demonstrated by density functional theory calculations.
Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from cation modified single perovskite niobates in the absence of noble metal cocatalysts
Authors: Dahiya Preeti , Mandal Tapas Kumar
Published: August 2024

Enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is exhibited by transition metal-incorporated niobate perovskites in the absence of noble-metal cocatalysts. The work demonstrates the usefulness of simple substitution for advancing the development of highly efficient photocatalysts.
Ultrafine VN quantum nanodots anchored in three-dimensional porous N-doped carbon with excellent pseudocapacitive behaviour for high rate lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Wang Dong , Gao Yanfang , Guo Zihan , Wang Zhiwei
Published: August 2024

In situ formation of VN quantum nanodots (VNQDs) anchored on a three-dimensional porous N-doped carbon (PNC) skeleton was achieved by a simple strategy to build porous VNQDs@PNC composites as pseudocapacitive anode materials for LIBs.
Atomically precise rhodium–indium carbonyl nanoclusters: synthesis, characterization, crystal structure and electron-sponge features
Authors: Bussoli Guido , Boccalini Alberto , Bortoluzzi Marco , Cesari Cristiana , Iapalucci Maria Carmela , Funaioli Tiziana , Scorzoni Giorgia , Zacchini Stefano , Ruggieri Silvia , Femoni Cristina
Published: August 2024

The reactivity of [Rh7(CO)16]3− with InCl3 led to the isolation of three new clusters, including [Rh12In(CO)28]3−, which extends the [Rh12E(CO)27]n− series (E = Sn, Ge, Sb, Bi). Its multivalence has been experimentally and theoretically unravelled.
Cathode materials for non-aqueous calcium rechargeable batteries
Authors: Hua Yingkai , Ma Yiyuan , Qi Qi , Xu Zheng-Long
Published: August 2024

Calcium rechargeable batteries (CRBs) show promise for large-scale energy storage. This review highlights the progress and challenges in developing high-performance cathode materials and provides insights for future advancements of CRBs.
Synthesis of anthracene-bridged expanded rosarin
Authors: Yadav Bharti , Ravikanth Mangalampalli
Published: August 2024

A weakly fluorescent anthracene-bridged expanded rosarin has been obtained by a simple condensation strategy. X-ray analysis showed the presence of three anthracene units connected via three dipyrromethene moieties in a coiled like structure.
Formation of cyclopenta[c]quinolines through visible-light-induced photoredox cascade bis-annulations of 1,7-enynes with sulfoxonium ylides
Authors: Xian Ning , Deng Guo-Jun , Huang Huawen
Published: August 2024

Mild bis-annulations: a visible-light-induced photoredox carbocyclization reaction of 1,7-enynes with sulfoxonium ylides is reported to access structurally valuable cyclopenta[c]quinoline scaffolds in a highly chemoselective manner.
Insights into the application of cerium dioxide nanoparticle-modified cobalt phosphide as an efficient electrocatalyst for high-performance lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Wang Xiaofei , Zhang Ganfan , Li Yue , Wu Yuanting , Luo Wei
Published: August 2024

The introduction of cerium oxide into cobalt phosphide can significantly regulate the electronic structure, modify the catalytic activity and finally enhance the electrochemical performance of lithium–sulfur batteries.
Highly selective separation of toluene and methylcyclohexane based on nonporous adaptive crystals of hybrid[3]arene
Authors: Wei Shiqi , Wang Yuhao , Zhou Jiong
Published: August 2024

A new strategy for separating toluene (Tol) and methylcyclohexane (MCH) in both vapor and liquid phases has been developed using nonporous adaptive crystals of hybrid[3]arene H (Hα).
BrSPR-20-P1 peptide isolated from Brevibacillus sp. developed into liposomal hydrogel as a potential topical antimicrobial agent
Authors: Changsan Narumon , Atipairin Apichart , Sakdiset Pajaree , Muenraya Poowadon , Balekar Neelam , Srichana Teerapol , Sritharadol Rutthapol , Phanapithakkun Suranate , Sawatdee Somchai
Published: August 2024

BrSPR-20-P1 antimicrobial peptide (P1-AMP) is a novel antimicrobial peptide isolated from Brevibacillus sp. SPR-20 and has been developed as a liposomal in chitosan hydrogel. It has potential to be used as a topical antimicrobial agent.
Hierarchical self-assembly of Au-nanoparticles into filaments: evolution and break
Authors: Tiberi Matteo , Baletto Francesca
Published: August 2024

We compare the assembly of individual Au nanoparticles in a vacuum and between two Au(111) surfaces via classical molecular dynamics on a timescale of 100 ns.
First-principles study of electronic, optical, and thermoelectric properties of KMCuS3 (M = Th and Sm) quaternary chalcogenides
Authors: Salman Khan Muhammad , Gul Banat , Mohamed Abdelhay Salah , Abbas Faheem
Published: August 2024

A direct band gap nature located at Γ-point was noticed in these compounds. The considerable thermoelectric characteristics implying that these compounds have potential for thermoelectric applications.
Integrated synthesis of 3,4-carbazoquinone alkaloids N-Me-carbazoquinocin A, B and D–F
Authors: Bommanaboina Basavaiah , Roy Debayan , Baire Beeraiah
Published: August 2024

A unified synthesis of N-Me-carbazoquinocin A, B and D–F is reported. An acid-catalyzed intramolecular benzannulation of indole-appended Z-enoate propargylic alcohols, is employed for the construction of the carbazole framework.
Realities of the consortium approach in science: sustainable enzymatic production of C1 chemicals from carbon dioxide
Authors: Rodil Andrea , von Ossowski Ingemar , Nyyssönen Mari , Tian Yufang , Hallamaa Marleen , Deska Jan , Bomberg Malin , Scheller Silvan
Published: August 2024

This perspective reflects on the implementation of a multidisciplinary consortium project combining biological, chemical and computational sciences to discover and develop new enzymes for carbon dioxide fixation.
Solvation structure fine-tuning enables high stability sodium metal batteries
Authors: Gao Xiaotong , You Jiyuan , Deng Liwei , Zhang Bo , Li Yuqian , Wang Wenju
Published: August 2024

2-Propyn-1-ol methanesulfonate (PMS) preferentially undergoes reduction decomposition on sodium metal anodes and actively induces FEC solvation behavior, thereby forming a stable SEI film enriched with sulfide compounds and NaF.
Hierarchical core–shell heterostructure FeMoS@CoFe LDH for multifunctional green applications boosting large current density water splitting
Authors: Han Chun , Zhao Yunhe , Chen Gong , Song Haiyan , Wu Xiaoliang , Guo Zehua , Chen Chunxia
Published: August 2024

We constructed a core–shell heterostructure FeMoS@CoFe LDH bifunctional electrode to promote large current density water splitting, achieving multifunctional green applications.
Simulation of the bone remodelling microenvironment by calcium compound-loaded hydrogel fibrous membranes for in situ bone regeneration
Authors: Wu Yanmei , Wu Zhen , Li Zhe , Hong Youliang
Published: August 2024

The calcium compound-loaded hydrogel fibrous membranes are prepared as the guided bone regeneration membranes to activate the endogenous regenerative capability of bone to regenerate the calvarial critical-sized defects.
Revolutionizing the capture efficiency of ultrasensitive digital ELISA via an antibody oriented-immobilization strategy
Authors: Zhang Yutong , Kuang Xiaojun , Yi Jingwei , Sun Tong , Guo Qingsheng , Gu Hongchen , Xu Hong
Published: August 2024

Maintaining uniform orientation of antibodies on the surface of microbeads significantly improved the reaction efficiency in the bead-based digital immunoassay.
Van der Waals integration of phase-pure 2D perovskite sheets and GaAs nanowires for self-driven photodetector
Authors: Zhang Zhi-Hong , Hou Xiao-Bing , Li Shang-Heng , Wei Zhi-Peng , Wei Jin-Chao , Li Peng , Wang Shuang-Peng
Published: August 2024

Direct and non-destructive transfer of large-area phase-pure two-dimensional perovskite nanosheets for the construction of van der Waals heterostructures.
Vigilant Attention During Cognitive and Language Processing in Aphasia
Authors: Hibshman Dannielle , Riley Ellyn A.
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Persons with aphasia (PWA) experience differences in attention after stroke, potentially impacting cognitive/language performance. This secondary analysis investigated physiologically measured vigilant attention during linguistic and nonlinguistic processing in PWA and control participants.

Method:

To evaluate performance and attention in a language task, seven PWA read sentences aloud (linguistic task) and were compared to a previous data set of 10 controls and 10 PWA. To evaluate performance and attention in a language-independent task, 11 controls and nine PWA completed the Bivalent Shape Task (nonlinguistic task). Continuous electroencephalogram (EEG) data were collected during each session. A previously validated EEG algorithm classified vigilant-attention state for each experiment trial into high, moderate, distracted, or no attention. Dependent measures were task accuracy and amount of time spent in each attention state (measured by the number of trials).

Results:

PWA produced significantly more errors than controls on the linguistic task, but groups performed similarly on the nonlinguistic task. During the linguistic task, controls spent significantly more time than PWA in a moderate-attention state, but no statistically significant differences were found between groups for other attention states. For the nonlinguistic task, amount of time controls and PWA spent in each attention state was more evenly distributed. When directly comparing attention patterns between linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks, PWA showed significantly more time in a high-attention state during the linguistic task as compared to the nonlinguistic task; however, controls showed no significant differences between linguistic and nonlinguistic tasks.

Conclusions:

This study provides new evidence that PWA experience a heightened state of vigilant attention when language processing demands are higher (during a linguistic task) than when language demands are lower (during a nonlinguistic task). Collectively, results of this study suggest that when processing language, PWA may allocate more attentional resources than when completing other kinds of cognitive tasks.
Eye-Tracking Methodology to Detect Differences in Attention to Faces Between Developmental Language Disorder and Autism
Authors: Vacas Julia , Antolí Adoración , Sánchez-Raya Araceli , Pérez-Dueñas Carolina , Cuadrado Fátima
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Developmental language disorder (DLD) and autism sometimes appear as overlapping conditions in behavioral tests. There is much literature on the visual scanning pattern (VSP) of faces in autistic children, but this is scarce regarding those with DLD. The purpose of this study was to compare the VSP of faces in young children with DLD, those with autism, and typically developing peers, assessing the effect of three variables.

Method:

Two eye-tracking experiments were designed to assess the effect of the emotion and the poser's gender (Experiment 1) and the poser's age (Experiment 2) on the VSP of participants (Experiment 1:
N
= 59, age range: 32–74 months; Experiment 2:
N
= 58, age range: 32–74 months). We operationalized the VSP in terms of attentional orientation, visual preference, and depth of processing of each sort of face. We developed two paired preference tasks in which pairs of images of faces showing different emotions were displayed simultaneously to compete for children's attention.

Results:

Data analysis revealed two VSP markers common to both disorders: (a) superficial processing of faces and (b) late orientation to angry and child faces. Moreover, one specific marker for each condition was also found: typical preference for child faces in children with DLD versus diminished preference for them in autistic children.

Conclusions:

Considering the similarities found between children with DLD and those with autism, difficulties of children with DLD in attention to faces have been systematically underestimated. Thus, more effort must be made to identify and respond to the needs of this population. Clinical practice may benefit from the potential of eye-tracking methodology and the analysis of the VSP to assess attention to faces in both conditions. This would also contribute to the improvement of early differential diagnosis in the long run.
The Influence of Cough Reflex Testing on Patient Management
Authors: Darrock Keri , Wallace Emma , Hernandez Esther Guiu , Huckabee Maggie-Lee , Mills Madeline , Macrae Phoebe
Published: August 2024

Purpose:

Cough reflex testing (CRT) is an adjunct to the clinical swallowing evaluation (CSE), providing information on patients' risk of silent aspiration. CRT has been shown to influence diet recommendations, but in previous work, the many varied patient characteristics are not controlled. Therefore, the specific role of CRT results in these decisions remains unclear as this relationship has not been directly assessed.

Method:

An online survey was sent to speech language therapists working in dysphagia. Two patient cases were presented that differed only by the presence of risk factors for the development of aspiration pneumonia. For each patient case, there were three assessment scenarios: CSE information only, CSE information with a “pass” CRT result, and CSE information with a “fail” CRT result. Clinicians outlined their patient management plans for each of the six scenarios.

Results:

Ninety-seven data sets were used in the final analysis. A “fail” result was found to lead to the most restrictive patient management. Decisions made when provided with only CSE information were very similar to decisions made for a CSE with a “pass” result. Aspiration pneumonia risk factors were shown to influence decision making, with the low-risk patient more likely to be recommended a less restrictive diet.

Conclusions:

When information was available regarding silent aspiration risk, clinicians factored the results into their decision making. However, in the absence of a CRT result, airway sensation was assumed to be intact in the absence of information. This finding warrants further investigation given the impact this assumption may have on a patient's pulmonary health.