bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estimation of Snow Reserves in Watercourses in the Arctic Region
Authors: Vasilevich I. I. , Chernov A. A.
Published: December 2018

For a reliable estimate of snow reserves in theArctic Archipelagoproper allowance must be made for snow accumulation in the areas of relief lowering such as riverbeds, ravines and canyons. As applied to calculating the water yield from the catchment area, unaccounted reserves in the channels may be even larger than recorded. For thickness of the snow cover on similar objects measuring was used Picor-Led ground-penetrating radar. Test measurements of the thickness of the snow cover performed both by radar and manually showed good repeatability of measurements. Data on snow reserves in the catchments of the Mushketov and Amba rivers were obtained using the radar method for northern part of Bolshevik Island in spring 2017.

Measurements results has revealed significant differences in the amount of snow reserves between the plateau sections and the river valleys. The thickness of seasonal snow cover in the riverbeds and canyons varied widely and reached10.5 metersdepth. The average values of snow thickness cover on the plateau and in the riverbeds of the Mushketov and Amba rivers were 0.37, 1.80 and1.86 mrespectively during the period of maximum snow accumulation. Our estimates showed that snow deposits in riverbeds have specific snow reserves 6.5–7.5 times higher than specific snow reserves on the plateau. In addition,
Some engineering estimations of oil spill parameters in the marine environment
Authors: Zatsepa S. N. , Ivchenko A. A. , Solbakov V. V. , Stanovoy V. V.
Published: December 2018

Estimation of the oil spill size at continuous spills on the moving sea surface or on the drifting ice field is the actual practical problem. Engineering estimation means the reduction of the hydrodynamic equations system to the balance of only two main forces that cause movement and resistance of the oil flow. From the simplified problem statement some practical relations were obtained for estimating the size of spill, including continuous oil spill with surface water currents presence, for spill onto porous snow-ice cover and onto the drifting ice cover. The obtained estimations can be used in more complicated models of oil spill transformation in the marine environment, primarily in the Arctic zone, and give basis for development of adequate responses on oil spills. The comparison of the obtained estimates with the self-similar solutions of the corresponding equations of motion of the spreading substance shows a satisfactory fit.
Results and prospects of the climatestudies and climate service in the Arctic
Authors: Alekseev G. V. , Radionov V. F. , Smolyanitsky V. M. , Filchuk K. V.
Published: December 2018

Climatic studies in AARI include monitoring changes in the Arctic climate system, ascertaining their causes and predictability. The beginning was laid in the 1920s by the works of V. Yu. Wiese, who investigated the causes of the warming of the Arctic in the 1920–1930s. Monitoring continues with the organization in 1932–1934 of a network of polar stations, and the first climatic assessments were created in the 1960s. At present, climate change monitoring in the Arctic is carried out on the basis of observations on the network of hydrometeorological stations, satellite observations of sea ice, ship-based expedition observations and measurements on autonomous buoy installations in the Arctic seas and the Arctic basin. The results are presented in regular reviews of climatic and ice conditions. Recent studies have evaluated the contribution of atmospheric heat transfers in the formation of temperature changes in winter and radiation inflows in summer.A scheme for the development and enhancement of warming in the Arctic has been proposed. The tasks of climate services in the Arctic are considered on the basis of the WMO initiative on the development of climate services in the form of the Arctic Regional Climate Center – network (ArcRCC-N).
Mercury in components of ecosystems of Western Spitsbergen fijord in summer, 2017
Authors: Lebedeva N. V. , Fateev N. N. , Nikulina A. L. , Zimina O. L. , Garbul E. A.
Published: December 2018

The total content of mercury was studied in marine water, sediments and benthic organisms in Billefjord, Isfjord and Gronfjord (Western Spitsbergen) in 2017. The samples were collected between 21 and 24 of July 2017 on-board RV “Dalnie Zelentsy” of Murmansk Marine Biological Institute. Total mercury content was measured at chemical-analytical laboratory of the Russian Scientific Center on Spitsbergen in Barentsburg.

Total mercury concentration in the water did not exceed 10 ng/l in all fjords. In the surface sediments the highest concentrations of total mercury were found in Isfjord (median 55 ng/g d.w.) while the Billefjord sediments were characterised by the lowest concentrations (median 10.4 ng/g d.w.). This fact might reflect the differences in water circulation and therefore sediment accumulation peculiarities.

Total mercury data were obtained for benthic organisms of various feeding modes. Generally mercury levels were comparatively low (median 12.2 ng/g w.w.), however the highest concentrations were measured in the benthic fauna of Isfjord, specifically in polychaetes Maldania sarsi (max. 49.2 ng/g w.w.). Mercury accumulation in benthic organisms predominantly depended on their trophic level in the ecosystem and location in the fjord: benthic detritus feeders accumulate more mercury (median 25.0 ng/gw.w.).
Similarity and difference of bioenergy characteristics of polychaetes in bottom communities in the shallow gulfs of the Arctic and Antarctic
Authors: Gagaev S. Yu.
Published: December 2018

Comparison of energetic ﬂ ow through bottom communities (on the example of polychaete populations) in the shallow bights the Chaun Bay (East Arctic) and the Fjord Nella (East Antarctic) located in high latitudes of opposite hemispheres of the planet is carried out for the ﬁ rst time. Polychaete worms abundantly and diversely represented in the bottom biocenosis and playing an important role in their life are one of the most suitable for this kind of analysis of the group. The material is collected and processed by common methods. It turned out that the average values of biomass and assimilation are comparable, although their indices are somewhat higher in Chaun Bay than in Nella Fjord, so the mean values of the current energy are 56 ± 25 and 40 ± 13 kcal / m2 per year, respectively. In this case, such similarity is mainly due to the duration of the light time due to the location of the bays on similar geographical latitudes. In both cases, it was noted that at lower depths, lower values of the energy ﬂ ux are inherent in different sections of the gulf, due to freshening and abrasion of the ice, and higher — at great depths, where the conditions are more stable. It has been established that in the Chaun Bay the share of the biomass of suspension feeders is higher on hard bottom in the macrophyte belt, and on the muds occupying the largest areas of the bottom, deposit feeders predominate. In the Nella Fjord, on the contrary, large areas of the bottom are represented by hard substratum and are occupied, respectively, prevalence of suspension feeders, whereas non-large areas with a slight glossiness are used for life in small forms of infauna and which, according to the type of food, refer to deposit feeders. One of the distinguishing features of the assimilation in the considered bays is the tendency of its growth with depth in the Chaun Bay and its relative constancy in the Nella Fjord; the other is the achievement of relatively high values of the energy ﬂ ux in some parts of the shallow Arctic compared with Antarctica. The differences are apparently explained by the complexity and variability of the water regime in the Chaun Bay and by the greater silting of the bottom, compared to the relatively constant natural conditions of the Nella Fjord, which together determine the features of the functioning of populations of polychaetes, as well as other groups of inhabitants.

The bioenergetic characteristics of bottom communities in the shallow bays of the Arctic and Antarctic have both differences and similarities, and, on the whole, depend on the physico-chemical originality of the areas.
Numerical implementation of the initial-boundary value problem for nonlinear the onedimensional equations of poroelasticity for the water-ice system
Authors: Korobov P. V.
Published: December 2018

Summary This article is devoted to the problem of propagation of elastic transverse oscillations in a two-phase medium consisting of water and ice (ice impregnated with water). If we consider ice as a kind of porous homogeneous medium with constant partial density, then it becomes possible to apply the problems of the theory of filtration to the water-ice medium. In this paper, we consider one of the possible formulations of the direct problem modeling the propagation of a signal in this medium is considered. The initial-boundary value problem for a one-dimensional nonlinear system of poroelasticity equations is solved by numerical method on the basis of an explicit-difference scheme. A series of numerical calculations for a trial model of the media is presented.

The aim of the paper is to describe the approach to the study of water-ice media using the equations of filtration theory. The object of the study is the propagation of wave oscillations in such media. Such fluctuations can have different nature (seismic, acoustic, etc.). For example, it is of interest to use this approach to model the propagation of sea waves in the ice of the initial stage of ice formation.
LAND POLICY AND LAND MANAGEMENT REALIZATION IN THE EAST SIBERIAN REGION IN THE 1920-1930S
Authors: Tsubikova Lyubov' Sergeevna
Published: December 2018

The article considers land policy and land management in the East Siberian region in the 1920-1930s. The paper discovers the peculiarities and problems of land relations transforming in this region, identifies the stages and measures of land reform, describes the development of lease relations, and tackles the problems of land reclamation during resettlement. The author concludes that land management processes promoted collective farms’ activity, contributed to social tension aggravation in the countryside and state control strengthening over the rural life.
THE BRITISH MEDIA DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR: FEATURES OF FUNCTIONING
Authors: Malakhovskaya Vera Vladimirovna , Malakhovskii Aleksei Kimovich
Published: December 2018

The article presents an analysis of the information activity of the British media during the Second World War. The purpose of the research is to study the features of the government agencies interaction with all the media channels. The novelty of the work is in the fact that the authors carry out a comprehensive analysis of the activity of the coalition government and the Ministry of Information in relation to the British media on the basis of attracting original material. The paper determines the evolution stages of the information policy of the government circles and ascertains that they managed to overcome difficulties and to establish effective propaganda during the war.
CRIMINALITY AMONG MERCHANTS IN TAMBOV PROVINCE TOWNS IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE XIX CENTURY
Authors: Akol'zina Marina Konstantinovna
Published: December 2018

The article examines the problem of crime in the Russian agrarian provincial town in the pre-reform period. The paper analyses basically crimes against personality and property committed by the representatives of the merchant and entrepreneurial stratum, often under aggravating circumstances. Relying on judicial and investigatory materials the author identifies the peculiarities of the committed crimes, subsequent judicial proceedings and punishment, the formation of legal awareness among the merchants of the Russian provincial town.
QUASI-MODERNIZATION IN MODERN RUSSIA AS OPPOSITION OF MODERNIST AND TRADITIONAL VALUES
Authors: Berezuev Evgeniy Anatol'evich , Zvonareva Lyudmila Valentinovna
Published: December 2018

The article raises the problem of Russia’s sociocultural dynamics in the context of the opposition of modernity and archaism concepts. The authors examine such a destructive phenomenon as quasi-modernization. This phenomenon in its essence is no more than simulation of important social institutions development. The paper focuses on the problem of developing civil society and authorities’ social responsibility under the established traditions of paternalistic relations. The need for change and development is conditioned by the necessity to cease stagnation. At the same time paternalism is one of the basic archetypes. The problem of Russia’s retardation from the leading western countries is in many ways associated with the historical traditions based on the authoritarian management syndrome reinforced by paternalistic tendencies. Conservative ideology in Russia contradicts modernistic values. The Russian society tends to perceive secular-rational values considered as the key ones in the modern world.
HUMAN RIGHTS AS A PHILOSOPHICAL CONCEPT FROM THE POSITION OF NATURAL LAW REPRESENTATIVES
Authors: Gigauri David Iraklievich , Stul'ba Igor' Alekseevich
Published: December 2018

The article analyses human rights as a historical institution and a philosophical and legal concept, which can be found in the reflections of natural law (ius naturale) school representatives. The development of the human rights idea associated with the notion of human dignity, and its realisation as a set of legal rights are tracked. The authors consistently prove that the doctrine of natural human rights is institutionalised in political and legal documents as an attempt to find a correlation between the values of freedom and social justice.
IDENTITY ACQUISITION IN THE CONTEXT OF “ONE’S OWN PEOPLE - FOREIGNERS” DICHOTOMY
Authors: Tsifanova Irina Vladimirovna
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of identity acquisition in the conditions of “one’s own people - foreigners” choice. The content side of national identity is analysed at different stages of social development, the ideologeme “enemy” is correlated with the notion “foreigners”. In the modern multidimensional world, primitivization of the notion “national identity” and its dual principles are demonstrated actively. The results of the analysis can be used in evaluating identity under the conditions of the in-group existence, determining the methods of influencing national identity formation, which allows tracing the tendencies to acquire identity at present.
STYLE FEATURES OF VOCAL GENRES OF THE KUBAN NOGAIS’ WEDDING RITUALS
Authors: Kardanova Bela Baubekovna
Published: December 2018

The article examines the style features of the vocal genres of the Kuban Nogais’ wedding rituals: bride’s lamentations “сынъсув” , wedding procession participants’ songs “орайда-райда!” , well-wishes “алгыс” , the versions of drinking songs (“ тилек”, “боза”) , reproving songs “каргыс йырлар” , etc. The author shows that the ritual function and semantics of poetical texts determine the basic morphological features (poetical and musical structures) of genres and the ways of their realization. Wedding songs, lamentations and sayings manifest the main (not subjected to transformation) and peripheral (changeable) genre features.
TEACHING MUSICAL FOLKLORE AT THE ETHNOGRAPHIC COURSES OF THE STATE INSTITUTE OF MUSICAL SCIENCE
Authors: Smirnov Dmitrii Vladimirovich
Published: December 2018

The article is devoted to the problem of the formation of domestic ethno-musical education and is a review of the academic activity of Moscow musical-folkloristic institutions from 1889 to 1931. The author gives new information about the work of the ethnographic courses of the State Institute of Musical Science - the first higher ethno-musical educational institution in the country. The paper is based on the archival materials stored at Glinka National Museum Consortium of Musical Culture. The used manuscripts have not been published previously and are introduced into scientific use for the first time.
UNPRECEDENTED VALUE OF EX-LIBRIS INFORMATION CONTENT
Authors: Korostelev Sergei Pavlovich
Published: December 2018

The article is the first research paper devoted to the ex-libris from the copy of Andreas Reyher’s dictionary of 1686 discovered for science recently. It is definitely new and relevant for everyone related to ex-libris collection. Basing on various facts associated with the designated ex-libris, the author succeeds in pointing out not only the name of the first owner of the mentioned dictionary, but also, among other things, in telling a part of the latter’s family history, unknown to the contemporaries, whose descendants play a significant role in the world politics and economy today.
EUCHARIST THEME IN THE SPANISH REREDOS
Authors: Prokhortsova Mariya Maksimovna
Published: December 2018

The article examines the problem of representing Eucharist themes in the pictorial and sculptural Spanish reredos of the XIV-XVII centuries, which haven’t previously been in the focus of researchers’ attention. As the author shows, Eucharist stories are usually placed in the aisle and its central scene forms symbolic and compositional axis with the crucifix, the top of the composition. When oblations for laymen became less frequent reredos served as a visual substitution of Eucharist. The inclusion of tabernacles in reredos structure changes their composition towards a smaller number of images.
LENINGRAD ORPHANAGES IN THE KUBAN REGION IN 1942-1943
Authors: Davydova Marina Yur'evna , Chibirikova Dar'ya Aleksandrovna
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the evacuation process of street children from the besieged city of Leningrad to Krasnodar Krai and the situation with orphanages during fascist occupation in the south of the country. The authors, on the basis of the analysis of the registration cards data of the inmates from Leningrad orphanages, have identified the number of the evacuees and their places of location in the Kuban region. It is noted that Leningrad children were settled mainly in the stanitsas of Otradnensky district. It is concluded that thanks to the evacuation, as well as to the heroic feat of the orphanages’ employees and local residents, most of the young Leningraders were saved.
“MEAT CRISIS” IN IRKUTSK DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR
Authors: Dolidovich Olesya Mikhailovna
Published: December 2018

The article considers the causes of the “meat crisis” in Irkutsk during the First World War and the local authorities’ efforts to resolve it. It is shown that the city depended on meat supply from other regions - the Yenisei province, Western Siberia, and Mongolia. The increased purchases in these regions by the military department for the army at the end of 1915 - the beginning of 1916 undermined seriously the food supply of Eastern Siberia cities. Fixed prices introduction in the summer of 1916 was the reason for the increased export of meat by buyers to the European part of the country, where its market value was higher. Against the background of general decline in living standards, the high cost and shortage of one of the staple foods caused serious discontent among Irkutsk people.
DOMESTIC EXPERIENCE IN STRUGGLE AGAINST DRUG-RELATED CRIMES: FROM ANCIENT RUS TO IMPERIAL RUSSIA
Authors: Mileshina Natal'ya Aleksandrovna , Potapova Lyudmila Aleksandrovna , Kil'myashkina Tat'yana Sergeevna
Published: December 2018

The article deals with the problem of the efficiency of anti-narcotics policy and legislative support for drug addiction counteraction in Ancient and Medieval Rus, as well as imperial Russia. The discrepancy between the taken measures and the objective drug situation in the state is revealed. As a result of the research, the authors have concluded that the legislative efforts of the authorities to reduce the illicit distribution and non-medical use of drugs were ineffective; drug addiction in Russia became a global threat to the population’s health, the country’s economy, law and order, and the state security.
Adenisa Refitasari 165100034
Authors: Refitasari Adenisa
Published: December 2018

AbstractDelphi adalah sebuah bahasa pemrograman dan lingkungan pengembangan perangkat lunak. Produk ini dikembangkan oleh CodeGear sebagai divisi pengembangan perangkat lunak milik Embarcadero, divisi tersebut sebelumnya adalah milik Borland. Bahasa Delphi, atau dikenal pula sebagai object pascal (pascal dengan ekstensi pemrograman berorientasi objek (PBO/OOP)) pada mulanya ditujukan hanya untuk Microsoft Windows, namun saat ini telah mampu digunakan untuk mengembangkan aplikasi untuk Linux dan Microsoft.NET framework. Saat ini Delphi menjadi bagian dari jajaran IDE milik Embarcadero Technologies setelah Embarcadero Technologies mengakui CodeGear, anak perusahaan Borland yang menangani tool pengembangan aplikasi. Pada tanggal 8 Februari 2006, Borland mengumumkan akan melepas seluruh jajaran produk pengembangan aplikasi komputernya termasuk di antaranya Delphi. Saat ini Delphi menjadi bagian dari jajaran IDE milik Embarcadero Technologies setelah Embarcadero Technologies mengakuisisi CodeGear, anak perusahaan Borland yang menangani tool pengembangan aplikasi.
HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN SIKAP TENTANG KESEHATAN REPRODUKSI DENGAN PERILAKU SEKS PRANIKAH PADA REMAJA
Authors: ashar rasyida
Published: December 2018

Kesehatan reproduksi merupakan salah satu masalah yang terjadi pada remaja saat ini. Untuk itu diperlukan pemahaman tentang: pemeliharaan kebersihan alat reproduksi, proses-proses reproduksi serta dampak dari perilaku yang tidak bertanggung jawab seperti kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan, aborsi, dan penyakit menular seksual. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan dan sikap tentang kesehatan reproduksi dengan perilaku seks pranikah. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara pengetahuan dan sikap tentang kesehatan reproduksi dengan perilaku seks pranikah pada remaja pengetahuan dan sikap yang baik akan mempengaruhi perilaku seks pranikah. pengetahuan dan sikap merupakan faktor predisposisi yang terdapat dalam diri seseorang yang memotivasi untuk bertindak, baik positif maupun negatif.
Section Class 5 Content Via OSF
Authors: Refitasari Adenisa
Published: December 2018

Bahasa pemrograman Delphi dapat digunakan untuk berbagai keperluan baik untuk perhitungan matematis, aplikasi perkantoran, aplikasi multimedia, pembuatan aplikasi pengolah, aplikasi kontrol industri sampai kepada aplikasi database. Pada materi ini akan dijelaskan bagaimana cara mengakses database MS Acces dalam Delphi menggunakan Komponen ADO. Mungkin anda pernah atau bahkan sering mengembangkan program database dengan Delphi atau Visual Basic. Anda dapat menggunakan database paradox, dbase maupun MS Acces, dan mungkin anda mengalami masalah dalam distribusi file yang anda bangun mempunyai ukuran yang sangat besar karena anda harus menyertakan file database beserta kelengkapannya. Hal ini tentu tidak menguntungkan terutama jika harus mendistribusikannya lewat email. Disini akan dibahahas tentang aplikasi database dengan bahasa pemrograman Delphi. Untuk mengakses database dalam MS Acces, mulai Delphi 5 telah menyediakan komponen ADO yang akan memudahkan dalam mengelola database yang akan kita bangun. Dengan ADO pada Delphi distribusi program hanya membutuhkan file exe dan database-nya (*.mdb) saja. Tentu ini untuk program yang sederhana. Sehingga anda dapat mendistribusikannya dengan mudah.
sesion class 1 pengunaan database untuk mengatur data penjualan
Authors: asadillah Asep
Published: December 2018

ASEP ASADILLAH 165100015. Kesimpulan dari article penggunaan database untuk data penjualan adalah membuat system database untuk mempermudah menyimpan data atau mengatur data pemasukan , pengeluaran serta biaya operasional dalam bidang penjualan.
Asep asadillah 165100015
Authors: asadillah Asep
Published: December 2018

Asep asadillah 165100015. Kesimpulan N-shop adalah produk yang dikelola pada perusahaan yang kami , disini kami mendesain T-shirt yang berarti produk yang kami kelola adalah T-shirt
SIMPLE PATENT AND DIFFERENCE PATENTS
Authors: wahyudi Edri
Published: December 2018

Patent is an exclusive right granted by the State to the inventor of the results of his invention in the field of technology, which for a certain period of time carries out his own invasion or gives his consent to other parties to implement it. (Republic of Indonesia Law No. 14 of 2001, Article 1, paragraph 1)A Simple Patent is any invention in the form of a new product or tool and has practical utility values due to its shape, configuration, construction or componentsAn invention is considered new, if at the time of the application for the patent the invention is not the same or not part of the prior art. Patent rights are territorial, that is, binding only in certain locations. Thus, to obtain patent protection in several countries or regions, a person must submit a patent application in each of these countries or regions.
Prototype Reaktor Deksagonal
Authors: Zainul Rahadian
Published: December 2018

Prototype reaktor deksagonal digunakan untuk wadah proses transformasi senyawa organik polutan, misalnya asam humat dan senyawa detergen turunan. Reaktor ini dibangun sebagai salah satu acuan untuk proses pengolahan limbah organik dengan katalis titania dan kupria yang dikombinasikan.
PINTAR ENDNOTE : Kiat Praktis Sitasi Ilmiah dan Bangun Sendiri Library Online
Authors: Zainul Rahadian
Published: December 2018

Buku Pintar Endnote ini dikembangkan untuk membantu para peneliti dan penulis dalam menyusun karya ilmiah. Dengan buku ini, para peneliti dan penulis akan dibantu untuk menyusun secara sistematis sebuah karya ilmiah dengan gamblang.
PENGEMBANGAN LKS IPA TERPADU TIPE TERHUBUNG BERBASIS ICT MENGINTEGRASIKAN NILAI KARAKTER UNTUK IMPLEMENTASI STANDAR PROSES PADA SISWA SMP KELAS VIII
Authors: Asrizal Asrizal
Published: December 2018

Pembelajaran IPA di SMP seharusnya dilaksanakan secara terpadu. Kenyataan menunjukkan pembelajaran IPA terpadu belum terlaksana dengan baik. Salah satu alternatif untuk mengatasi permasalahan ini adalah mengembangkan LKS IPA terpadu berbasis ICT agar siswa terlibat secara aktif dalam mengkonstruksi pengetahuan. Tujuan dari penelitian adalah untuk menyelidiki validitas dari LKS IPA terpadu, menentukan kepraktisan dan efektivitas penggunaan LKS IPA terpadu berbasis ICT dalam pembelajaran. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian dan pengembangan yaitu suatu metode penelitian yang bertujuan untuk mengembangkan suatu produk dan menguji efektivitas penerapannya.Instrumen yang digunakan untuk mengumpulkan data adalah lembar validasi, lembar kepraktisan, dan lembar tes hasil belajar. Berdasarkan analisis data dapat dikemukakan tiga hasil penelitian ini. Pertama, nilai rata-rata validasi tenaga ahli setiap komponen penilaian LKS IPA terpadu berbasis ICT bervariasi dari 84,0 sampai 88,7 dengan nilai rata-rata 85,8 yang termasuk pada kategori baik sekali. Kedua, penggunaan LKS IPA terpadu berbasis ICT adalah praktis dalam pembelajaran yang ditandai dengan penilaian guru dan siswa masing-masing 83,80 dan 86,58. Ketiga, penggunaan LKS IPA terpadu berbasis ICT adalah efektif dalam pembelajaran yang ditandai dengan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa yang signifikan pada uji coba produk dan uji coba pemakaian.
Evaluation of sapodilla fruit quality using near-infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Hadiwijaya Yuda
Published: December 2018

Fruit quality detection using near-infrared spectroscopy is a fast, accurate, and non-destructive method. Hence the fruits can still be marketed after the measurement. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quality of sapodilla fruit using near-infrared spectroscopy. The study was conducted in March to August 2017 at the Plant Production Technology Laboratory of Horticulture Division, Agriculture Faculty of Padjadjaran University, Jatinangor. The method used in this study was multivariate data analysis of chemometrics. The spectra data were obtained using portable nearinfrared spectrometer (NirVana AG410, Integrated Spectronics Pty, Ltd, Australia) with wavelength range of 312-1050 nm. Calibration and prediction models were acquired using partial least square (PLS). The results revealed that non-destructive method using near-infrared spectrometer was able to measure sapodilla fruit quality such as, firmness, total dissolved solids, and color values including L*, a*, b*, ho, and C*.
Donald Trump and the War Against Independent Agencies
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This article examines why a president should not constitutionally be able to fire the heads of independent agencies without good reason, specifically the head of the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau: the public interest is best served by a balance between presidential judgment and the expertise of administrators below him. This balance would be subverted if a president could choose to dismiss administrators for arbitrary reasons. Further this article discusses recent administrative law decisions that tip the balance of power towards the President.
Compulsory Education and the Tension Between Liberty and Equality: A Comment on Professor Dworkin
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

"This article examines Professor Ronald Dworkin’s version of egalitarian liberalism—a political philosophy centered on a compelling moral ideal of equal concern and respect for the lives of all persons. It is sympathetic to Dworkin’s aim to unite the value of liberty with the value of equality in order to assuage the concern that allegiance to any robust conception of equality would threaten society's fundamental commitment to liberty. Considering the problem of compulsory education as it would appear under the Dworkin model, however, suggests that Dworkin’s solution does not effectively eliminate the potential tension between liberty and equality. A theory of liberty conceived as “absence of constraint,” as opposed to a substantive account of liberty that depends on resources to be actualized, may still prove more appealing in both theory and practice.
Protective of the Presidency (with Reed Hundt)
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This article addresses the nomination of then-Judge John G. Roberts to replace Chief Justice William Rehnquist. The article examines ways in which Roberts would be a departure from Rehnquist, one being Roberts’s likely willingness to move the Supreme Court in a conservative direction with regard to the constitutional checks and balances as they apply to the president.
Could This Supreme Court Case Affect Robert Mueller?
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This article examines the then-pending Supreme Court case of Raymond J. Lucia v. Securities and Exchange Commission, and its possible implications for Robert Mueller. At issue in Lucia is the question of whether SEC Administrative Law Judges are “officers” or “employees” of the United States. More precisely, Lucia is arguing that SEC Administrative Law Judges—who are appointed by the Chief Administrative Law Judge—are officers of the United States who constitutionally may be appointed only by the president or by the Securities and Exchange Commission. Implicated in this case is the question of whether administrative law judges must be dischargeable at will or whether, as is now the case, they may be fired only for “good cause.” Fundamentally, whittling away at administrative independence from the president could embolden both President Trump and his advisors to aggressively advocate for a strong “unitary-executive” presidency under which the chief executive is entitled to fire at will any “Officers of the United States”—including Robert Mueller.
The Most Important Question for Trump Judicial Nominees
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This article examines an important question for President Trump’s judicial nominees: how much executive authority do they think the president has? Moreover, to what degree do they believe in “unitary executive theory?” For example, they should be asked whether they think independent agencies—or for that matter, the whole civil service—should be regarded as unconstitutional because presidents cannot fire everyone at will or, if presidents may invoke executive privilege against Congress and, if so, whether anyone other than the president may invoke privilege on his behalf.
Chevron at 30: Looking Back and Looking Forward
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This Foreword introduces a Fordham Law Review symposium held in March 2014 to mark the thirtieth anniversary of Chevron U.S.A. v. Natural Resources Defense Council. One of the most-cited administrative-law decisions of all time, Chevron has sparked thirty years of scholarly discussion concerning what Chevron deference means, when (or even if) it should apply, and what impact it has had on the administrative state. Part I of the Foreword discusses the symposium contributions that address Chevron’s scope and application, especially in light of City of Arlington v. FCC. Part II introduces the contributions that explore empirically and theoretically Chevron’s impact outside of the judicial-review context -- i.e., its effect on legislative- and administrative-drafting theory and practice, its influence within the regulatory state more generally, and its adoption (or lack thereof) in state administrative law. Part III turns to the intersection of Chevron and federalism. Part IV concludes by grappling with the contributors’ diverse views on whether Chevron is indeed a big deal and, if so, whether it is a good or bad deal for the modern administrative state.
The Bureaucratic Due Process of Government Watch Lists
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

Watch lists have become increasingly important tools for law enforcement and the protection of homeland security since the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001. These lists, however, pose dangers that innocent persons may be burdened either because they are included on such lists without justification or because they share a name with another individual who is appropriately listed. Our public law traditionally addresses this sort of risk through some redress-oriented scheme of due process that allows individuals alleging improper treatment to seek administrative and judicial relief from the error they assert in their particular case. Such an approach is inadequate to deal with anti-terrorist watch lists for two reasons. First, redress systems will not protect the many individuals who will never realize they are covered by such lists. Second, there is an inherent tension between the goals of achieving security through watch lists and the design of a fully transparent redress system. Following the framework of Professor Jerry Mashaw, it would be preferable to adopt a bureaucratic justice approach that blends positive administration with law-like constraints on the exercise of discretion designed to secure important public values in the processes by which names wind up on watch lists in the first instance. This paper specifies the key requirements of a front-end fairness charter for watch lists, and recommends legislation to integrate that system with provisions on notice and two levels of back-end administrative redress specifically tailored to the watch list context. The paper also explains why the Privacy Act and Fifth Amendment due process law are inadequate to address current problems.
The Constitution as a Code of Honor
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This article argues that the Senate’s refusal to consider the nomination of Judge Merrick Garland to the Supreme Court should be deemed unconstitutional. The Senate’s stonewalling disrespected the institutional needs of the judiciary, violated the constitutional norm of forbearance in the exercise of power, and assumed a Senate role in the appointments process that was never intended. Although no court would ever enjoin a recalcitrant President to make a nomination or an obstructionist Senate to meet with, deliberate over, or vote on a presidential nominee to the Supreme Court or anything else, the President’s and the Senators’ oaths to “support the Constitution” should be understood as entailing a good faith commitment to enabling the government to function.
The Rule of Law and the Inevitability of Discretion
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

Responding to Richard Epstein's writings on the rule of law in the administrative state, this paper argues that it is impossible to advance a compelling conception of the rule of law that relies entirely on confining government discretion through clear rules. What is needed is a conception of the rule of law rooted in institutional practice, in which the written documents of law [are] buttressed by a set of norms, conventional expectations, and routine behaviors that lead officials to behave as if they are accountable to the public interest and to legitimate sources of legal and political authority, even when relevant rules are vague and enforcement prospects are remote. Administrative rule-making may well advance these values better than congressional legislation.
Presidents, Pardons, and Prosecutors: Legal Accountability and the Separation of Powers
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This article compares the philosophies of what I call “categorical separation of powers” and “checked separation of powers” with respect to a single concern: the capacity of government structure to promote executive fidelity to the rule of law. The thesis, illustrated by the Iran-Contra episode, is that the advantages offered by checks and balances in promoting the rule of law are significant, and that categorical separation tends to subvert, rather than encourage, executive conformity to law. Promoting the rule of law is only one aspect of sound governance; political accountability, policy coherence, and efficiency require separate consideration. Yet, the link between the rule of law and the separation of powers is at the core of both the historic and the current appeal of separation of powers as a principle of government structure. Most citizens would hesitate to consciously trade much by way of legality to achieve other governmental virtues.
Yes, Donald Trump Can Obstruct Justice
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This article examines why the president, even as the nation’s “chief law enforcement officer,” is not immune from indictment for a crime. Some conservative legal theorists suggest that the president cannot be charged with obstruction of justice while for carrying out an “official act.” However, the Framers, who made bribery and treason explicits ground for impeachment, did not leave the president authority to act corruptly. The Constitution instead signals as a core premise that no one is above the law—not even the president.
Legislative Delegation, the Unitary Presidency, and the Legitimacy of the Administrative State
Authors: Shane Peter M.
Published: December 2018

This essay focuses on the relationship between non-delegation doctrine and so-called unitary executive theory. It argues that, if the Supreme Court were to embrace unitary executive theory without, as is highly unlikely, tightening up on the non-delegation doctrine, the result would be a constitutional disaster in terms of reduced executive branch legal and political accountability. Increasing the legitimacy of the administrative state ought to involve more, not fewer mechanisms that subject the exercise of presidential power to effective checks and balances.
Use of local corticosteroid injection in the treatment of plantar fasciitis
Authors: Sah Deb Narayan , Sharma Bishnu Dev
Published: December 2018

Background and Objectives: Plantar fasciitis is a common pathological condition that affects the hind foot. Management of plantar fasciitis employs use of various non-surgical and surgical treatment methods. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of steroid injection in the treatment of plantar fasciitis in adults.

Materials and Methods: From January 2016 to June 2017, fifty patients aged >18 years with plantar fasciitis symptomatic for three months or more were injected with a single dose of methylprednisolone acetate with 2% lignocaine. Assessment was done using visual analogue scale (VAS) and foot function index (pain sub-scale). Patients were followed-up for a period of 6 months.

Results:There was significant reduction in VAS score and improvement in foot function index at 1 and 3 month follow-up (p<0.001) as compared to pre-injection score but this VAS reduction or improvement in foot function index was not significant at 6 month follow-up (p=0.057 and 0.729 respectively). There were no major adverse effects of the steroid injection.

Conclusion: A single dose of corticosteroid injection provides only a short term benefit in plantar fasciitis.
Microbial air contamination with air borne bacteria in the outdoor environment at Janakpurdham, Nepal
Authors: Yadav Nagendra Prasad , Yadav Rakesh , Thakur Ambu
Published: December 2018

Background and Objectives: Bacteria can cause allergic asthma and seasonal allergies, diseases which are increasingly prevalent in developing nations. Allergic asthma is currently affecting millions of people in Nepal. Therefore, the objective of this study was designed to measure the bacterial load in outdoor air.

Materials and Methods: Airborne outdoor bacteria were assessed during the spring season using conventional methods to investigate the enumeration of airborne microorganisms. This was determined by sampling air using the ‘settle plate technique’. The air samples were collected during the spring season (February-March) from 10 different areas of Janakpur. Counts of airborne bacteria were measured as CFUs collected by gravity onto Nutrients Agar plates. Samples were taken periodically over a period of 2 months of February and March 2017.

Results: A total of 7,404 bacterial colonies were counted on 30 Petri plates that were exposed for 1 hour. The maximum number of colonies of bacteria was 412. Similarly, the least number of bacterial colonies was 32. Higher numbers of CFUs were found in the petri plates which were exposed for 1 hour in comparison to the petri plates which were exposed for 30 minutes. According to the measurement, 36.6% of total CFUs of bacteria were collected during morning hours, 28.4% during day time and 35% during evening hours. Also, the highest numbers of colonies of bacteria were found in the petri plates that were exposed in ward number 7 and the least number of bacterial colonies were obtained in ward number 9.

Conclusion: The bacteriological quality of air in janakpur was very poor. Very high microbial load was found in the outdoor air in Janakpur. The microbial count was found higher in morning than the noon and evening.
Effectiveness of reminiscence therapy on health related quality of life among the old age people residing at a selected old age home, Bengaluru, India
Authors: Shah Lata Kusum , Rashmi Serah , Nanjundappa Dhanpal
Published: December 2018

Background and Objectives: The well being of oneself, happiness with one’s situation in life and ability to perform and control the different situation of life is HRQoL. Reminiscence therapy is a way for residents of assistant living facilities to become better acquainted with one another and strengthen the personal value and self esteem. The objective of this study was to assess the HRQoL while application of Reminiscence Therapy among the old age people who are residing at a selected old age home in Bengaluru, India.

Materials and Methods: For this study quasi experimental research design was selected and convenient sampling technique was used to collect data from 60 samples staying at old age home by using the SF-36 scale. The samples in experimental group receive 10 sessions of reminiscence therapy each session last for 45 minutes to 1 hour. The experimental group was divided into 6 groups each group having five members for group discussion related to the topics like childhood memories, education pattern, first job and first salary, marriage, first child etc. Post test data was collected after a week of implementation of Reminiscence Therapy. Then the data was analyzed and interpreted.

Results: The findings of the study with regard to pretest HRQoL reveals that 86.7% has poor HRQoL, 13.3 % moderate HRQoL and no one was having good HRQoL in experimental group. In control group 56.7% has poor HRQoL, 43.3% moderate HRQoL and no one was having good HRQoL. But in posttest, only in experimental group there was significant improvement in HRQoL as 83.3% has good HRQoL, 13.3% moderate HRQoL and 3% poor HRQoL. 

Conclusion: This study concluded that with significant improvement in the SF-36 Scale score after administration of the reminiscence therapy and seen improvement in HRQoL.
The effect of sowing date on productivity of soybean varieties developed by the ARC “Donskoy" in the south of the Rostov region
Authors: Vasilchenko S. A. , Metlina G. V.
Published: December 2018

Soybean is the most important food protein and oil grain crop in the world. However, in the Rostov region, the areas under this crop are insignificant (12.3 thousand hectares or 0.21% of the arable land in 2015). As the Rostov region is the zone of insufficient and unstable moistening, soybean is a promising leguminous crop, which is resistant to lodging and to damage by diseases. The studies were conducted in 2016-2017 to determine soybean response to different sowing time. The research work was carried out on the fields of the FSBSI “Agricultural Scientific Center “Donskoy” (the laboratory of cultivation technologies of row crops) located in the southern soil-climatic zone of the Rostov region. The soil of the test plot is ordinary blackearth (chernozem), heavy loamy, carbonate on forestry loam, with such agrochemical indicators of soil as 3.36% of humus; 7.0 of pH; 24.4 of P2O5; 360 mg of K2O per kg of soil. The object of research was the soybean varieties “Don 21” and “Diva” approved for use in the Rostov region. The article presents the results on the effect of sowing dates on the length of the vegetation period, the elements of yield structure and productivity of soybean seeds. The length of the vegetation period varied depending on the sowing time and was the shortest in the fourth term of sowing, viz. 110 and 116 days for the varieties “Don 21” and “Diva” respectively. The highest values of the elements of the yield structure (the number of beans per plant (21.7 and 19.5 pcs.), seeds' weight per plant (3.87 and 3.58 g) and 1000-seeds weight (146.9 and 146.7 g) were identified in the variety “Diva” (the third sowing term) and in the variety “Don 21” (the second sowing term). In the same variants of the trial, the maximum yields were produced by the varieties “Diva” and “Don 21” (1.38 and 1.25 t/ha respectively).
سؤال الكتابة الشعرية في "حاطب ليل" لشربل داغر
Authors: Al-Kilani Moustapha
Published: December 2018

سكب من؟ أو من يكتب لمن؟ ولماذا أككب؟) . ان مرجم الكاتب اللبناني شربل داغر الأول في الكتابة هو الكتابة ذاتها، قرييا من معنى "البده" أو "الأصل" الوارد ف التمثل النششوي للكتابة والقراءة، بناء على حكمة زرادشت القائلة: "اكتب بدمك وستعلم أن الدم هو فكرك""). إلا أن إدراك الكتابة بالكتابة ذاتها وبالقراءة الملازمة لها فعل أنطولوجى لا يقدر على ممارسته كتابة إلا من يستطيع أن يصل ويميز بين الحب والحياة: "صحيح أننا نحب الحياة لأنا لم نعتد على الحياة بل على الحب، إذ هنا دائما نزر قليل من العقل في الجنون""). كذا "حاطب ليل" لشربل داغر، كتابة الحب والجنون معا دون نفى هذا النزر القليل من العقل الذي به تضحي "الكارثة" ذات معنى، والصدفة حدوثا لممكن، والفوضى نظاما، والفراغ خارطة للغة بالقول وإمكان القول، فالذي تكرر في الديوان ليس هو اللغة بالضرورة، عبارة وتركيا ومنظومة نصية دالة، بل ذاك الذي يرقد في الهوة السحيقة للروح المتعطشة إلى فك المعمى وتعرير الغامض من صفيق البهمة المستبدة بمجمل الذهن القادر على التكلم باللغة أو الصمت. والذي لا مكرر ليس بالضرورة فكرا محضا أو حالا شعرية، بل قد يكون وليد صدفة الكتابة حينما تسفر اللغة عن ماوراء لغوي يحمل تراكمات خبرة الذات الشاعرة ويستدعي مخزون المجموعة الثقافية والحضارية التي تنتمي إليها. ويهذا الترجيح يستحيل التسلم بدما بوعي الكتابة أو لاو عيها مطلقا في "حاطب ليل" وبالفرض منها حارج حدودها الدلالية والعدلالية تبعا لمفهوم المعى الحادث وإمكان المعى .