bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
My Transformative Edu-political Theories and Liberating Approach to Teaching
Authors: Hassan Hosseini Seyed Mohammad
Published: March 2023

The practical results of even the so-called contemporary innovative pedagogical methods and approaches, which have been formulated based on Totalitarians’ theoreticians’ theories, are falling short of expectation in current complicated world’s circumstances. This is because they not only have failed to conduce to effective learning, values, skills for personal and moral development, and civilized societies, but have contributed to detrimental-to-peace peasant totaliterian rulying systems also. The present article, as such, sets out to outline this educationist’s seminal approach to emancipatory education (i.e., CTBL), that opposes with and is a panacea to established doomed-to-failure colonialist and dictatorial didactic methods and approaches. Most importantly, the article brings to the fore this educationist’s edu-political theories as the main theoretical building blocks of his revolutionary approach. Having bridged the gap between the-said theories and professional practice at class level, via the application of CTBL, the article seeks to throw into relief CTBL’s distinguishing features that make it a catalyst for transformation and change. The article also casts light on the howabouts of CTBL’s contribution to the decline of the present methods and modes of education, and corrupt regimes as well. The findings of some researchers on the effectiveness of CTBL as well as some tectonic suggestions to the stakeholders have also found a place at the end of this article. CTBL is obviously this educationist’s active and strategic reaction to the socio-political circumstances he and his innocent family members along with other marginalized/impoverished communities and nations are suffering from for decades. This educationist’s 24th resource book has also been introduced.
Investor Reactions to Twin Transformers Announcements
Authors: Latinović Milica
Published: March 2023

Research Question: This study aims to empirically test the effects of the digital and sustainability announcements of twin transformation companies on their shareholder value creation. Motivation: This paper builds on the vast research regarding the Efficient Market Hypothesis, such as the work of Fama (1970, 1998) which discussed efficiency of the capital markets. Stock markets reflect new information and future prices cannot be predicted based on historical prices. Investors’ reaction, e.g., overreaction or underreaction are well documented. Furthermore, Del Rio Castro et al. (2021) present contemporary research findings related to the emerging issue of reaching Sustainability Development Goals and connects it with digitalization. Ukko et al. (2019) find that a company will reach superior financial performance if managers simultaneously devote their efforts to sustainability and digitalization. This research builds on the previous literature and tries to determine whether stock market recognizes such efforts and whether there is efficiency. Idea: The idea behind this research is to empirically determine whether investors react to twin transformation. Short- and long-term investors’ reaction was tested against sustainability and digitalization announcements of the companies that are recognized by professionals to follow the path of simultaneous transformation. Data: The sample includes companies from the Accenture research of the European twin transformation companies. Data implemented in this study were collected from several sources. Share prices were collected from the Yahoo Finance website, and event announcements from corporate websites. Tools: The methodology employed in this research is the event study methodology. Cumulative abnormal returns are calculated for different event windows and t-statistic is calculated to determine whether there is statistically significant investors’ reaction to sustainability and digitalization events. Findings: Sustainability announcements yield significant market reaction. Depending on the news content they can be both positive and negative. Moreover, dates when the sustainability ranking of some company was released are among the most significant sustainability events. In most instances, investors do not react to the information instantaneously, they need time to absorb it.  Investors do not find digitalization events to be significant. Contribution: To the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to test investors’ reaction to digitally sustainable announcements of twin transformation companies.
Women in Corporate Governance in Banking: A Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Delova Jolevska Evica , Cvetkoska Violeta
Published: March 2023

Abstract:
The vital players on the financial market in developing countries, banks, need strong corporate governance to ensure better performance and stability. This is the first study that investigates the impact of women in corporate governance in the banking industry and identifies research hotspots. The focus is on journal-published papers indexed in the Web of Science (WoS) database. Descriptive analytics is used to show how papers are distributed in the observed period as well as by publisher, category in the WoS, and the most cited authors and papers. Content analysis is used to examine how women impact corporate governance in the banking industry. By mining the abstracts, research hotspots are identified for the entire examined period and for the last five years. In the last five years, 70.4% of papers have been published, indicating that researchers' interest in this area is growing. Emerald Publishing Group LTD is the top publisher, while the most cited authors are Berger, A.N., Kick, T., and Schaeck, K. The keywords "approach, responsibility, difference, institution, commitment, financial performance, and risk" were the most frequently used in the whole analyzed period, while in the last five years, the most commonly used keyword is "value". The positive impact of women in corporate governance prevails, especially on CRS disclosure data, bank performance, stability, and value. Our findings may serve as a starting point for further research for academics, researchers, and banking professionals, as well as for shareholders and regulatory bodies when composing the bank boards.
KAJIAN PENERAPAN PRINSIP-PRINSIP AKUSTIK STUDI KASUS: RUANG AUDITORIUM MULTIFUNGSI GEDUNG P1 DAN P2 UNIVERSITAS KRISTEN PETRA
Authors: Sutanto Andy , Priatman Jimmy , Mediastika Christina E.
Published: March 2023

ABSTRACT: Besides visual aspect, room acoustic performance is also an important factor in determining multipurpose hall performance. Room acoustic performance can be achieved if some room acoustic objective parameters are taken into account, such as background noise level, reverberation time, and sound coverage. In order to meet these parameters, it can be done by using materials with appropriate coefficient absorbstion on floor, wall, ceiling and room geometry. Room acoustic objective parameters should be considered in design phase for optimum benefit. Room acoustic simulation on the design of multipurpose hall P1 and P2 Petra Christian University will be done by computer simulation.
Hsp90 and metal‐binding J‐protein family chaperones are not critically involved in cellular iron–sulfur protein assembly and iron regulation in yeast
Authors: Carvalho Felipe A. , Mühlenhoff Ulrich , Braymer Joseph J. , Root Vasilij , Stümpfig Martin , Oliveira Carla C. , Lill Roland
Published: March 2023

Systematic studies have revealed interactions between components of the Hsp90 chaperone system and Fe/S protein biogenesis or iron regulation. In addition, two chloroplast‐localized DnaJ‐like proteins, DJA5 and DJA6, function as specific iron donors in plastidial Fe/S protein biogenesis. Here, we used Saccharomyces cerevisiae to study the impact of both the Hsp90 chaperone and the yeast DJA5‐DJA6 homologs, the essential cytosolic Ydj1, and the mitochondrial Mdj1, on cellular iron‐related processes. Despite severe phenotypes induced upon depletion of these crucial proteins, there was no critical in vivo impact on Fe/S protein biogenesis or iron regulation. Importantly, unlike the plant DJA5‐DJA6 iron chaperones, Ydj1 and Mdj1 did not bind iron in vivo, suggesting that these proteins use zinc for function under normal physiological conditions.
NKG2A and circulating extracellular vesicles are key regulators of natural killer cell activity in prostate cancer after prostatectomy
Authors: Lu Yu‐Chuan , Ho Chen‐Hsun , Hong Jian‐Hua , Kuo Ming‐Chieh , Liao Yi‐An , Jaw Fu‐Shan , Cheng Jason Chia‐Hsien , Huang Chao‐Yuan , Chang Ko‐Ping , Chen Chung‐Hsin , Lin Jung‐An , Hsiao An , Kung Hsiu‐Ni
Published: March 2023

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are an important regulatory factor for natural killer cell activity (NKA) in the tumor microenvironment. The relationship between circulating EVs in the peripheral blood and natural killer (NK) cells in prostate cancer (PCa) is unclear. This study aimed at investigating the key regulators in the interaction between circulating EVs and NK cells in PCa patients before and after tumor removal. NK‐cell characteristics were prospectively assessed in 79 patients treated with robot‐assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy preoperatively and postoperatively. Compared with healthy donors, the existence of prostate tumors increased the number of circulating EVs and altered ligand expression of EVs. Circulating EVs extracted from cancer patients significantly decreased NKA of NK cells compared with those extracted from healthy donors. Upon treatment with an inhibiting antibody or small interfering RNA, natural killer cell protein group 2A (NKG2A) was identified as the main NKA regulator in cancer patients for accepting the signal from circulating EVs. After surgery, NKA was increased and NKG2A expression on NK cells was significantly reduced. The expression of ligands for natural killer cell protein group 2D (NKG2D) on EVs and the level of circulation EVs both significantly increased. With the decrease in NKG2A levels on NK cells and the increase in total NKG2D ligands on circulating EVs, which was increased postoperatively, both NKG2A on NK cells and NKG2D ligands on circulating exosomes are main regulators of NKA restoration after prostatectomy.
Higher‐order structure formation using refined monomer structures of lipid raft markers, Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK/C‐related proteins
Authors: Yokoyama Hideshi , Matsui Ikuo
Published: March 2023

Currently, information on the higher‐order structure of Stomatin, Prohibitin, Flotillin, and HflK/C (SPFH)‐domain proteins is limited. Briefly, the coordinate information (Refined PH1511.pdb) of the stomatin ortholog, PH1511 monomer, was obtained using the artificial intelligence, ColabFold: AlphaFold2. Thereafter, the 24mer homo‐oligomer structure of PH1511 was constructed using the superposing method, with HflK/C and FtsH (KCF complex) as templates. The 9mer‐12mer homo‐oligomer structures of PH1511 were also constructed using the ab initio docking method, with the GalaxyHomomer server for artificiality elimination. The features and functional validity of the higher‐order structures were discussed. The coordinate information (Refined PH1510.pdb) of the membrane protease PH1510 monomer, which specifically cleaves the C‐terminal hydrophobic region of PH1511, was obtained. Thereafter, the PH1510 12mer structure was constructed by superposing 12 molecules of the Refined PH1510.pdb monomer onto a 1510‐C prism‐like 12mer structure formed along the crystallographic threefold helical axis. The 12mer PH1510 (prism) structure revealed the spatial arrangement of membrane‐spanning regions between the 1510‐N and 1510‐C domains within the membrane tube complex. Based on these refined 3D homo‐oligomeric structures, the substrate recognition mechanism of the membrane protease was investigated. These refined 3D homo‐oligomer structures are provided via PDB files as Supplementary data and can be used for further reference.
Improvement Mechanism of Corrosion Resistance in a High‐Efficiency Binary Composite Rust Conversion Agent with Chelate Properties
Authors: Lei Yun , Wang Shuhao , Dou Rui , Zhu Haoran , Tian Ruichao , Zhao Yonggang , Zhou Hao , Peng Haoping , Yu Pengfei
Published: March 2023

In this study, the rust conversion coating that acts directly on the surface of rust layer, was studied from the preparation of rust conversion agents gallic acid (GA), 2‐hydroxyphosphonyl acetic acid (HPAA), and their compound (GA/HPAA), rust conversion effect and anticorrosive mechanism. Results show that 1) when GA and HPAA were combined to form GA/HPAA with a mass ratio of 2:1, the strengthening effect of rust conversion was observed, and a more complete, dense, and smooth covering film was generated on the rust surface. In this case, the corrosion current of GA/HPAA was reduced to 4.10 × 10−7 A cm−2, while the GA was 2.35 × 10−6 A cm−2 and HPAA was 2.16 × 10−6 A cm−2. 2) The mechanism of rust conversion and corrosion resistance can be expressed as that the chelation reaction can occur between the rust and rust conversion agent, which can generate new coordination covalent bonds O–Fe–O, P–O–Fe, and C–Fe–O. In this case, they can firmly lock the rust and prevent it from spreading further. Meanwhile, a highly cross‐linked dense anticorrosion protective film can be formed. Due to the presence of these chelating products, they can act as obstacles, prolonging the diffusion path of corrosive medium and slowing down the interaction with the metal matrix.
Structural Explanation of the Dielectric Enhancement of Barium Titanate Nanoparticles Grown under Hydrothermal Conditions
Authors: Suzana Ana F. , Liu Sizhan , Diao Jiecheng , Wu Longlong , Assefa Tadesse A. , Abeykoon Milinda , Harder Ross , Cha Wonsuk , Bozin Emil S. , Robinson Ian K.
Published: March 2023

When synthesized under certain conditions, barium titanate (BaTiO3, BTO) nanoparticles are found to have the non‐thermodynamic cubic structure at room temperature. These particles also have a several‐fold enhanced dielectric constant, sometimes exceeding 6000, and are widely used in thin‐layer capacitors. A hydrothermal approach is used to synthesize BTO nanocrystals, which are characterized by a range of methods, including X‐ray Rietveld refinement and the Williamson–Hall approach, revealing the presence of significant inhomogeneous strain associated with the cubic phase. However, X‐ray pair distribution function measurements clearly show the local structure is lower symmetry than cubic. This apparent inconsistency is resolved by examining 3D Bragg coherent diffraction images of selected nanocrystals, which show the existence of ≈50 nm‐sized domains, which are interpreted as tetragonal twins, and yet cause the average crystalline structure to appear cubic. The ability of these twin boundaries to migrate under the influence of electric fields explains the dielectric anomaly for the nanocrystalline phase.
Fast and Visual Detection of Biogenic Amines and Food Freshness Based on ICT‐Induced Ratiometric Fluorescent Probes
Authors: Miao Xin , Wu Chunxiao , Li Feng , Zhang Ming
Published: March 2023

Biogenic amines (BAs) are important indicators for the evaluation of food spoilage and disease diagnosis. Thus, the detection of BAs with high practical potential is of great importance. In this work, a new BAs fluorescent probe design strategy is proposed by the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) enhancement of the fluorescent probes, which is induced by the hydrogen bond interaction between probes and analyte. The probes T1 and T2 with donor–acceptor structure not only present a 140 nm bathochromic‐shifted emission, ultrafast responses (15 s for T1 and 25 s for T2), and high sensitivity (detection limit of 1.3 ppm for T1 and 2.6 ppm for T2) to cadaverine (the typical representative of BAs) but also discriminate a series of BAs and simply reused at least 30 times after air blowing. Further, a quantitative evaluation system is obtained based on T1 and T2 films. Through the Red/Green/Blue analysis with a smartphone, the total volatile basic nitrogen (an international standard to assess food spoilage) value can be output to quantitatively evaluate the freshness of food. The system is fast, visual, accurate, and non‐destructive, enabling consumers and all stakeholders in the food supply chain to monitor food freshness.
Laser‐Induced Creation of Antiferromagnetic 180‐Degree Domains in NiO/Pt Bilayers
Authors: Meer Hendrik , Wust Stephan , Schmitt Christin , Herrgen Paul , Fuhrmann Felix , Hirtle Steffen , Bednarz Beatrice , Rajan Adithya , Ramos Rafael , Niño Miguel Angel , Foerster Michael , Kronast Florian , Kleibert Armin , Rethfeld Baerbel , Saitoh Eiji , Stadtmüller Benjamin , Aeschlimann Martin , Kläui Mathias
Published: March 2023

The antiferromagnetic order in heterostructures of NiO/Pt thin films can be modified by optical pulses. After the irradiation with laser light, the optically induced creation of antiferromagnetic domains can be observed by imaging the created domain structure utilizing the X‐ray magnetic linear dichroism effect. The effect of different laser polarizations on the domain formation can be studied and used to identify a polarization‐independent creation of 180° domain walls and domains with 180° different Néel vector orientation. By varying the irradiation parameters, the switching mechanism can be determined to be thermally induced. This study demonstrates experimentally the possibility to optically create antiferromagnetic domains, an important step towards future functionalization of all optical switching mechanisms in antiferromagnets.
Toward Simultaneous Coherent Radiation in the Visible and Microwave Bands with Doped Molecular Crystals
Authors: Wu Hao , Li Tong , Yin Zhang‐Qi , Ma Jiyang , Yao Xu‐Ri , Zhang Bo , Oxborrow Mark , Zhao Qing
Published: March 2023

Coherent sources exploiting the stimulated emission of non‐equilibrium quantum systems, i.e., gain media, have proven indispensable for advancing fundamental research and engineering. The operating electromagnetic bands of such coherent sources have been continuously enriched for increasing demands. Nevertheless, simultaneous generation of radiation in multiple widely‐separated bands presents formidable challenges with a single gain medium. Herein, a mechanism of simultaneously realizing the stimulated emission of radiation in the visible and microwave bands, i.e., lasing and masing actions, at ambient conditions by utilizing photoexcited singlet and triplet states of pentacene doped in p‐terphenyl is proposed. The possibility is validated by the observed amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) at 645 nm with a narrow linewidth around 1 nm from the pentacene‐doped p‐terphenyl crystal used for masing at 1.45 GHz and consolidated by a 20‐fold‐lower threshold of ASE compared to the reported masing threshold. The overall threshold of the pentacene‐based multiband coherent source can be optimized by appropriate alignment of the pump‐light polarization with the pentacene's transition dipole moment. This work not only shows a great promise on immediate realization of multiband coherent sources but also establishes an intriguing solid‐state platform for fundamental research of quantum optics in multiple frequency domains.
Sn‐Based Self‐Powered Ultrafast Perovskite Photodetectors with Highly Crystalline Order for Flexible Imaging Applications
Authors: He Miao , Xu Zhuhua , Zhao Cong , Gao Yu , Ke Kanghui , Liu Na , Yao Xiongxian , Kang Feiyu , Shen Yang , Lin Liwei , Wei Guodan
Published: March 2023

Sn‐based perovskite materials are promising lead‐free alternatives in thin film photodetectors (PDs) for applications such as optical communications, night visions and biomedical near‐infrared imaging systems. However, constructing Sn‐based photodetectors with high sensitivity, ultrafast response, and good operation stability has been a challenge. Herein, the phenyl‐ethyl ammonium (PEA+) additive is introduced in pristine FASnI3, which regulates the thin film growth, passivates the trap/defect states, prevents Sn2+/Sn4+oxidation, and releases the crystal strain. The Resulting FA0.8PEA0.2SnI3 thin films exhibit highly crystalline order and flexibility. A self‐powered PD using FA0.8PEA0.2SnI3 as the active layer demonstrates excellent responsivity of 0.262 W−1, detectivity of 2.3 × 1011 Jones. And it possesses the fastest rise and decay time of 25 µs and 42 µs as compared with the state‐of‐art Sn‐based perovskite PDs. The transient absorption spectroscopy analysis validates greatly reduced trapping states and defects of FASnI3 with the PEA+ film for ultrafast response. A flexible Sn‐based perovskite PD without any encapsulation in air continuously shows ultrafast responses after 10,000 bending cycles. Meanwhile, a flexible imaging system can be realized by a 5 × 5 PD array with good sensing results. This study shows great potential in nontoxic and ultrafast Sn‐based perovskite PDs for flexible imaging applications.
Tumor Therapy Strategies Based on Microenvironment‐Specific Responsive Nanomaterials
Authors: Zhang Zhaocong , Ding Chengwen , Sun Tiedong , Wang Lei , Chen Chunxia
Published: March 2023

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and variable region characterized by hypoxia, low pH, high redox status, overexpression of enzymes, and high‐adenosine triphosphate concentrations. In recent years, with the continuous in‐depth study of nanomaterials, more and more TME‐specific response nanomaterials are used for tumor treatment. However, the complexity of the TME causes different types of responses with various strategies and mechanisms of action. Aiming to systematically demonstrate the recent advances in research on TME‐responsive nanomaterials, this work summarizes the characteristics of TME and outlines the strategies of different TME responses. Representative reaction types are illustrated and their merits and demerits are analyzed. Finally, forward‐looking views on TME‐response strategies for nanomaterials are presented. It is envisaged that such emerging strategies for the treatment of cancer are expected to exhibit dramatic trans‐clinical capabilities, demonstrating the extensive potential for the diagnosis and therapy of cancer.
Novel Twin‐Crystal Nanosheets with MnO2 Modification to Combat Bacterial Biofilm against Periodontal Infections via Multipattern Strategies
Authors: Chen Qiuhan , Qi Manlin , Shi Fangyu , Liu Chengyu , Shi Yujia , Sun Yue , Bai Xue , Wang Lin , Sun Xiaolin , Dong Biao , Li Chunyan
Published: March 2023

Nowadays the multifunctional approaches to kill oral bacteria based on various nanocomposites have made great progress against periodontal infections, while the material structure and its functional integration are still insufficient. Herein, this work proposes a therapeutic strategy of chemodynamical therapy (CDT) and photothermal therapy (PTT) in monocrystals to effectively enhance the synergistic treatment. The CuS/MnS@MnO2 consisting of hexagonal CuS/MnS nano‐twin‐crystal with a shell layer of MnO2 is developed. In this nanosystem, the purpose of synergistic treatment of periodontitis by combining PTT/CDT is achieved within a CuS/MnS monocrystal, where CuS serves to achieve photothermal conversion, dissipate the biofilm and transfer the heat in situ to the integrated MnS, thus promoting the Mn2+‐mediated CDT process. Meanwhile, the CDT process can generate the highly toxic hydroxyl radical to destroy extracellular DNA by utilization of endogenous H2O2 produced by Streptococci in the oral biofilm, cooperating with PTT to dissipate the bacterial biofilm. With the design of the outer shell of MnO2, the selective bacteria‐killing can be realized by producing oxygen which can protect the periodontal non‐pathogenic aerobic bacteria and threaten the survival of anaerobic pathogens. Therefore, such design via multipattern strategies to combat microorganisms would provide a bright prospect for the clinical treatment of bacterial infections.
A Fully Integrated Miniaturized Optical Biosensor for Fast and Multiplexing Plasmonic Detection of High‐ and Low‐Molecular‐Weight Analytes
Authors: Bolognesi Margherita , Prosa Mario , Toerker Michael , Lopez Sanchez Laura , Wieczorek Martin , Giacomelli Caterina , Benvenuti Emilia , Pellacani Paola , Elferink Alexander , Morschhauser Andreas , Sola Laura , Damin Francesco , Chiari Marcella , Whatton Mark , Haenni Etienne , Kallweit David , Marabelli Franco , Peters Jeroen , Toffanin Stefano
Published: March 2023

Optical biosensors based on plasmonic sensing schemes combine high sensitivity and selectivity with label‐free detection. However, the use of bulky optical components is still hampering the possibility of obtaining miniaturized systems required for analysis in real settings. Here, a fully miniaturized optical biosensor prototype based on plasmonic detection is demonstrated, which enables fast and multiplex sensing of analytes with high‐ and low molecular weight (80 000 and 582 Da) as quality and safety parameters for milk: a protein (lactoferrin) and an antibiotic (streptomycin). The optical sensor is based on the smart integration of: i) miniaturized organic optoelectronic devices used as light‐emitting and light‐sensing elements and ii) a functionalized nanostructured plasmonic grating for highly sensitive and specific localized surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection. The sensor provides quantitative and linear response reaching a limit of detection of 10−4 refractive index units once it is calibrated by standard solutions. Analyte‐specific and rapid (15 min long) immunoassay‐based detection is demonstrated for both targets. By using a custom algorithm based on principal‐component analysis, a linear dose–response curve is constructed which correlates with a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 3.7 µg mL−1 for lactoferrin, thus assessing that the miniaturized optical biosensor is well‐aligned with the chosen reference benchtop SPR method.
Generation of 13.9‐mJ Terahertz Radiation from Lithium Niobate Materials
Authors: Wu Xiaojun , Kong Deyin , Hao Sibo , Zeng Yushan , Yu Xieqiu , Zhang Baolong , Dai Mingcong , Liu Shaojie , Wang Jiaqi , Ren Zejun , Chen Sai , Sang Jianhua , Wang Kang , Zhang Dongdong , Liu Zhongkai , Gui Jiayan , Yang Xiaojun , Xu Yi , Leng Yuxin , Li Yutong , Song Liwei , Tian Ye , Li Ruxin
Published: March 2023

Extremely strong‐field terahertz (THz) radiation in free space has compelling applications in nonequilibrium condensed matter state regulation, all‐optical THz electron acceleration and manipulation, THz biological effects, etc. However, these practical applications are constrained by the absence of high‐intensity, high‐efficiency, high‐beam‐quality, and stable solid‐state THz light sources. Here, the generation of single‐cycle 13.9‐mJ extreme THz pulses from cryogenically cooled lithium niobate crystals and a 1.2% energy conversion efficiency from 800 nm to THz are demonstrated experimentally using the tilted pulse‐front technique driven by a home‐built 30‐fs, 1.2‐Joule Ti:sapphire laser amplifier. The focused peak electric field strength is estimated to be 7.5 MV cm−1. A record of 1.1‐mJ THz single‐pulse energy at a 450 mJ pump at room temperature is produced and observed that the self‐phase modulation of the optical pump can induce THz saturation behavior from the crystals in the substantially nonlinear pump regime. This study lays the foundation for the generation of sub‐Joule THz radiation from lithium niobate crystals and will inspire more innovations in extreme THz science and applications.
Asymmetrically Coordinated CoB1N3 Moieties for Selective Generation of High‐Valence Co‐Oxo Species via Coupled Electron–Proton Transfer in Fenton‐like Reactions
Authors: Song Junsheng , Hou Nannan , Liu Xiaocheng , Antonietti Markus , Zhang Pengjun , Ding Rongrong , Song Li , Wang Yang , Mu Yang
Published: March 2023

High‐valence metal species generated in peroxymonosulfate (PMS)‐based Fenton‐like processes are promising candidates for selective degradation of contaminants in water, the formation of which necessitates the cleavage of OH and OO bonds as well as efficient electron transfer. However, the high dissociation energy of OH bond makes its cleavage quite challenging, largely hampering the selective generation of reactive oxygen species. Herein, an asymmetrical configuration characterized by a single cobalt atom coordinated with boron and nitrogen (CoB1N3) is established to offer a strong local electric field, upon which the cleavage of OH bond is thermodynamically favored via a promoted coupled electron–proton transfer process, which serves an essential step to further allow OO bond cleavage and efficient electron transfer. Accordingly, the selective formation of Co(IV)O in a single‐atom Co/PMS system enables highly efficient removal performance toward various organic pollutants. The proposed strategy also holds true in other heteroatom doping systems to configure asymmetric coordination, thus paving alternative pathways for specific reactive species conversion by rationalized design of catalysts at atomic level toward environmental applications and more.
Heterologous Assembly of Pleomorphic Bacterial Microcompartment Shell Architectures Spanning the Nano‐ to Microscale
Authors: Ferlez Bryan H. , Kirst Henning , Greber Basil J. , Nogales Eva , Sutter Markus , Kerfeld Cheryl A.
Published: March 2023

Many bacteria use protein‐based organelles known as bacterial microcompartments (BMCs) to organize and sequester sequential enzymatic reactions. Regardless of their specialized metabolic function, all BMCs are delimited by a shell made of multiple structurally redundant, yet functionally diverse, hexameric (BMC‐H), pseudohexameric/trimeric (BMC‐T), or pentameric (BMC‐P) shell protein paralogs. When expressed without their native cargo, shell proteins have been shown to self‐assemble into 2D sheets, open‐ended nanotubes, and closed shells of ≈40 nm diameter that are being developed as scaffolds and nanocontainers for applications in biotechnology. Here, by leveraging a strategy for affinity‐based purification, it is demonstrated that a wide range of empty synthetic shells, many differing in end‐cap structures, can be derived from a glycyl radical enzyme‐associated microcompartment. The range of pleomorphic shells observed, which span ≈2 orders of magnitude in size from ≈25 nm to ≈1.8 µm, reveal the remarkable plasticity of BMC‐based biomaterials. In addition, new capped nanotube and nanocone morphologies are observed that are consistent with a multicomponent geometric model in which architectural principles are shared among asymmetric carbon, viral protein, and BMC‐based structures.
Ultrahigh Performance, Serially Stackable, Breeze Driven Triboelectric Generator via Ambient Air Ionizing Channel
Authors: Son Jin‐ho , Chung Seh‐Hoon , Cha Kyunghwan , Kim Sunghan , Lin Zong‐Hong , Hong Jinkee , Chung Jihoon , Lee Sangmin
Published: March 2023

Currently, wind energy harvesting is in the limelight. However, with the existing electromagnetic wind generators, it is difficult to harvest multifariously‐wasted breezes. To harvest energy from winds at a wide range of speeds, wind‐driven triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) are studied. However, a critical limitation of general wind‐driven TENGs is that their power output is low. Therefore, an innovative strategy is necessary to generate high output power even from breeze. Herein, an approach to test a charge‐polarization‐based flutter‐driven TENG (CPF‐TENG) with ambient air ionizing channel (AAIC) is reported. Owing to AAIC, the device generates peak voltage and current outputs of 2000 V and 4 A, respectively. Moreover, because the proposed CPF‐TENG can generate power from breeze, it can be stacked in series to completely harvest wind energy. The stacked CPF‐TENG is demonstrated to operate 3000 light‐emitting diodes (LEDs) and 12 hygrometers, separately, and produce hydrogen at a rate of 342.3 µL h−1 with the electrolysis cell.
Artificial Lipid Biomembranes for Full‐Length SARS‐CoV‐2 Receptor
Authors: Wang Ting , Lin Xiaomei , Li Yuting , Lu Yuan
Published: March 2023

The angiotensin‐converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), as a functional receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2), is essential for assessing potential hosts and treatments. However, many studies are based on its truncated version but not full‐length structure. Indeed, a single transmembrane (TM) helix presents in the full‐length ACE2, influencing its interaction with SARS‐CoV‐2. Therefore, synthesis of the full‐length ACE2 is an urgent requirement. Here, cell‐free membrane protein synthesis systems (CFMPSs) are constructed for full‐length membrane proteins. MscL is screened as a model among ten membrane proteins based on their expression and solubility. Next, CFMPSs are constructed and optimized based on natural vesicles, vesicles with four membrane proteins removed or two chaperonins added, and 37 types of nanodiscs. They all increase membrane protein solubility to over 50%. Finally, the full‐length ACE2 of 21 species are successfully expressed with yields between 0.4 and 0.9 mg mL−1. The definite functional differences from the truncated version suggest that the TM region affects ACE2's structure and function. CFMPSs can be extended to more membrane proteins, paving the way for further applications.
Porous 3D Printable Hydrogels
Authors: Baur Eva , Hirsch Matteo , Amstad Esther
Published: March 2023

Hydrogels are interconnected, polymeric networks filled with water. Their inherent responsiveness to different stimuli, including the presence of salt, solvents, or, depending on their composition, changes in pH or temperature, renders them attractive for actuation and delivery purposes. Yet, the limited diffusivity within hydrogels hampers an efficient exchange of reagents such as active ingredients or solutes. The diffusivity can be increased if pores are incorporated into hydrogels. However, these pores typically weaken hydrogels, preventing their use for load‐bearing applications. This work reports a method to controllably introduce open pores with diameters of 10 s of nanometers into hydrogels whose mechanical properties are still remarkable, with compression moduli above 100 kPa. Importantly, these hydrogels can be 3D printed, thereby opening up possibilities to tune the pore size within hydrogels from the 10 s of nm up to the cm size range. This work leverages the 3D printability of this material to locally vary the degree of porosity while maintaining mechanical properties that enable facile handling of the integral samples. Thereby, this work introduces new opportunities to size‐selectively infiltrate different substances at well‐defined locations.
Effects of Anions and Protein Structures on Protein‐Based Solid Electrolytes
Authors: Ying Chunhua , Wang Chenxu , Zhong Wei‐Hong , Liu Jin
Published: March 2023

Low ionic conductivity is one of the main hurdles for the practical application of advanced all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries. Protein‐based solid electrolytes are recently proposed and can potentially provide both high ionic conductivity and high mechanical properties due to the decoupled ion transport mechanism. In this work, the effects of lithium salts and protein structures on the performance of protein‐based electrolytes through both ab initio density functional theory calculations and experiments are systematically investigated. The results show that the anions can be strongly locked by the charged amino acids, thus providing intermediate hopping sites for lithium‐ion, reducing energy barrier for lithium‐ion transport, and then enhancing the ionic conductivity. These calculations also demonstrate that need to be locked at appropriate positions by properly controlling the protein structures in order to provide bridging effects and facilitate lithium‐ion transport. The findings are consistent with the experimental observations and can provide guidance for design and optimization of protein‐based solid electrolytes.
Improved Optical Properties of Lead‐Free Double Perovskite Cs2AgBiBr6 Nanocrystals via Na Ions Doping
Authors: Wang Song , Jiang Wangsheng , Cui Wenjing , Jiang Wenchao , Zhao Min , Sun Jianhui , Liu Binghang , Lai Xiaofeng , Shi Keying , Pan Kai
Published: March 2023

Lead‐free double perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are a promising alternative to lead‐based perovskite NCs for optoelectronic materials due to their nontoxic and good moist‐thermal stability. However, most of the lead‐free double perovskite NCs exhibit unsatisfying photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY); the metal ions doping is an effective method to improve the optical properties. Here, monodisperse, homogeneous cubic morphology of Na+‐doped Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs is prepared via a colloidal synthesis strategy. When Na+ is doped into Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs, the inversion‐symmetry‐induced parity‐forbidden transition is broken. So, the wave function parity of the self‐trapped excitons at Ag atoms is changed, which allows the radiative transition to occur. This leads to a higher PLQY for Na+‐doped Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs (9.08%) than that for Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs (0.40%), and the exciton lifetime is extended from 1.87 ns for Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs to 17.15 ns for Na+‐doped Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs. The Na+ doping elevates the longitudinal optical phonon energy and exciton binding energy, which results in weaker nonradiative transitions during exciton recombination and improved NC thermal stability. So, the Na+‐doped Cs2AgBiBr6 NCs maybe possess potentially valuable applications in optoelectronic devices.
Rewritable Paper Based on Layered Metal–Organic Frameworks with NIR‐Triggered Reversible Color Switching
Authors: Liu Min , Ma Shu‐Hua , Dong Hui , Zeng Feng‐Lian , Jin Xue‐Ting , Luo Yang‐Hui
Published: March 2023

Photoreversible color‐switching materials, which can reversibly change color in response to external light stimuli, have attracted increasing attention for their applications in time‐sensitive information storage and optical data storage fields. But most of the related materials are dyes or redox compounds with ultraviolet as the light source, dramatically limiting the cycling stability during discoloration processes. To address this problem, a near‐infrared (NIR)‐responsive rewritable paper via doping layered Co‐metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) into the stable polyvinylidene fluoride matrix is reported for the first time. Layered Co‐MOF shows a rapid color‐switching characteristic between orange and black blue upon NIR illumination on/off because of the interlayer spacing changes. Benefiting from the soft network structures of the matrix, Co‐MOF can be homogeneously distributed to deliver an outstanding reversibility performance, including rapid response, coloration in a short period, and decoloration within about 3 min in ambient air. The fabrication of new photoreversible color switching system holds great potential in communication security, which offers a viable pathway to achieve ink‐free photoreversible printing.
Base‐Controlled Chemoselective Reaction of High‐Valent Cu(III)−CF3Compounds with Anilines: Access to Formamides or Hydrazines
Authors: Zheng Zhen‐Mei , Chen Ning , Dai Ming‐Suo , Zhang Song‐Lin
Published: March 2023

This study reports reactivity properties of Cu(III)−CF3compounds with anilines, wherein basicity‐dictated distinct reactivities are achieved, giving rise to formamides or hydrazines. Competing generation of difluorocarbene andN‐centered radical is proposed that is controlled by the basicity of the reaction solution. Specifically, under acidic or neutral conditions, reaction of anilines with Cu(III)−CF3compounds produces formamides, where difluorocarbene is involved, undergoing aniline formylation. In contrast, in the presence of a base, this same reaction selectively gives hydrazines instead, where Cu(III)−CF3compounds act as an oxidizing reagent to allow dehydrogenative N−H/N−H coupling of two anilines through anN‐centered radical. The scope of both reactions is studied, and application to medicinally relevant compounds is shown. This study shows the unusual use of high‐valent Cu(III) trifluoromethyl compounds as hydrogen‐abstracting reagents to allow dehydrogenative reactions.

magnified image
Artificial Intelligence‐Based Medical Sensors for Healthcare System
Authors: Chen Mingrui , Cui Daxiang , Haick Hossam , Tang Ning
Published: March 2023

The aging population and the prevalence of infectious diseases have impacted the traditional medical order, significantly increasing the burden on healthcare and adversely affecting the socio‐economic system. Medical sensors based on artificial intelligence (AI) provide new ideas for modern medical data collection to monitor the health status of individuals and environmental changes. Meanwhile, with the aid of AI algorithms, the big data processing capabilities of sensor systems have been greatly improved, further realizing early predictions and timely diagnoses. In this paper, a brief overview is offered on the development status of AI‐enabled medical sensors for off‐body detection, near‐body monitoring, disease prediction, and clinical decision support system, and the ongoing challenges and future prospects to move from concept to implementation are discussed. In the foreseeable future, breakthroughs in the combination of medical sensors and AI algorithms are expected to pave the way for early detection and clinical decision support and improve the accuracy and efficiency for disease diagnosis.
Engineering Bifunctional Calcium Alendronate Gene‐Delivery Nanoneedle for Synergistic Chemo/Immuno‐Therapy Against HER2 Positive Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Chen Guochuang , Zeng Leli , Bi Bo , Huang Xiuyu , Qiu Miaojuan , Chen Ping , Chen Zhi‐Ying , He Yulong , Pan Yihang , Chen Yu , Zhao Jing
Published: March 2023

Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage with widespread peritoneal dissemination and ascites. Bispecific T‐cell engagers (BiTEs) have demonstrated impressive antitumor efficacy in hematological malignancies, but the clinical potency is limited by their short half‐life, inconvenient continuous intravenous infusion, and severe toxicity at relevant therapeutic levels in solid tumors. To address these critical issues, the design and engineering of alendronate calcium (CaALN) based gene‐delivery system is reported to express therapeutic level of BiTE (HER2×CD3) for efficient ovarian cancer immunotherapy. Controllable construction of CaALN nanosphere and nanoneedle is achieved by the simple and green coordination reactions that the distinct nanoneedle‐like alendronate calcium (CaALN‐N) with a high aspect ratio enabled efficient gene delivery to the peritoneum without system in vivo toxicity. Especially, CaALN‐N induced apoptosis of SKOV3‐luc cell via down‐regulation of HER2 signaling pathway and synergized with HER2×CD3 to generate high antitumor response. In vivo administration of CaALN‐N/minicircle DNA encoding HER2×CD3 (MC‐HER2×CD3) produces sustained therapeutic levels of BiTE and suppresses tumor growth in a human ovarian cancer xenograft model. Collectively, the engineered alendronate calcium nanoneedle represents a bifunctional gene delivery platform for the efficient and synergistic treatment of ovarian cancer.
Manipulating Li2S Redox Kinetics and Lithium Dendrites by Core–Shell Catalysts under High Sulfur Loading and Lean‐Electrolyte Conditions
Authors: Zhen Mengmeng , Li Kaifeng , Liu Mingyang
Published: March 2023

For practical lithium–sulfur batteries (LSBs), the high sulfur loading and lean‐electrolyte are necessary conditions to achieve the high energy density. However, such extreme conditions will cause serious battery performance fading, due to the uncontrolled deposition of Li2S and lithium dendrite growth. Herein, the tiny Co nanoparticles embedded N‐doped carbon@Co9S8 core–shell material (CoNC@Co9S8NC) is designed to address these challenges. The Co9S8NC‐shell effectively captures lithium polysulfides (LiPSs) and electrolyte, and suppresses the lithium dendrite growth. The CoNC‐core not only improves electronic conductivity, but also promotes Li+ diffusion as well as accelerates Li2S deposition/decomposition. Consequently, the cell with CoNC@Co9S8NC modified separator delivers a high specific capacity of 700 mAh g−1 with a low‐capacity decay rate of 0.035% per cycle at 1.0 C after 750 cycles under a sulfur loading of 3.2 mg cm−2 and a E/S ratio of 12 µL mg−1, and a high initial areal capacity of 9.6 mAh cm−2 under a high sulfur loading of 8.8 mg cm−2 and a low E/S ratio of 4.5 µL mg−1. Besides, the CoNC@Co9S8NC exhibits an ultralow overpotential fluctuation of 11 mV at a current density of 0.5 mA cm–2 after 1000 h during a continuous Li plating/striping process.
Rapidly Inhibiting the Inflammatory Cytokine Storms and Restoring Cellular Homeostasis to Alleviate Sepsis by Blocking Pyroptosis and Mitochondrial Apoptosis Pathways
Authors: Yan Jiahui , Zhang Jingwen , Wang Yanan , Liu Hong , Sun Xueping , Li Aixin , Cui Pengfei , Yu Liangmin , Yan Xuefeng , He Zhiyu
Published: March 2023

Pyroptosis, systemic inflammation, and mitochondrial apoptosis are the three primary contributors to sepsis's multiple organ failure, the ultimate cause of high clinical mortality. Currently, the drugs under development only target a single pathogenesis, which is obviously insufficient. In this study, an acid‐responsive hollow mesoporous polydopamine (HMPDA) nanocarrier that is highly capable of carrying both the hydrophilic drug NAD+ and the hydrophobic drug BAPTA‐AM, with its outer layer being sealed by the inflammatory targeting peptide PEG‐LSA, is developed. Once targeted to the region of inflammation, HMPDA begins depolymerization, releasing the drugs NAD+ and BAPTA‐AM. Depletion of polydopamine on excessive reactive oxygen species production, promotion of ATP production and anti‐inflammation by NAD+ replenishment, and chelation of BAPTA (generated by BA‐AM hydrolysis) on overloaded Ca2+ can comprehensively block the three stages of sepsis, i.e., precisely inhibit the activation of pyroptosis pathway (NF‐κB‐NLRP3‐ASC‐Casp‐1), inflammation pathway (IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α), and mitochondrial apoptosis pathway (Bcl‐2/Bax‐Cyt‐C‐Casp‐9‐Casp‐3), thereby restoring intracellular homeostasis, saving the cells in a state of “critical survival,” further reducing LPS‐induced systemic inflammation, finally restoring the organ functions. In conclusion, the synthesis of this agent provides a simple and effective synergistic drug delivery nanosystem, which demonstrates significant therapeutic potential in a model of LPS‐induced sepsis.
Soft Electronic Block Copolymer Elastomer Composites for Multi‐Material Printing of Stretchable Physiological Sensors on Textiles
Authors: Pless Christian J. , Nikzad Shayla , Papiano Irene , Gnanadass Samson , Kadumudi Firoz B. , Dolatshahi‐Pirouz Alireza , Thomsen Carsten Eckhart , Lind Johan U.
Published: March 2023

Soft and stretchable electronic materials have a number of unique applications, not least within sensors for monitoring human health. Through development of appropriate inks, micro‐extrusion 3D printing offers an appealing route for integrating soft electronic materials within wearable garments. Toward this objective, here a series of conductive inks based on soft thermoplastic styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastomers combined with silver micro‐flakes, carbon black nanoparticles, or poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conducting polymer additives, is developed. Their electrical and mechanical properties are systematically compared and found to be highly dependent on additive amount and type. Thus, while silver composites offer the highest conductivity, their stretchability is far inferior to carbon black composites, which can maintain conductivity beyond 400% strain. The PEDOT composites are the least conductive and stretchable but display unique properties due to their propensity for ionic conductivity. To integrate these inks, as well as insulating counterparts, into functional designs, a multi‐material micro‐extrusion 3D printing routine for direct deposition onto stretchable, elastic fabrics is established. As demonstration, prototypes are produced for sensing common health markers including strain, physiological temperatures, and electrocardiograms. Collectively, this work demonstrates multi‐material 3D printing of soft styrene–ethylene–butylene–styrene elastomer composites as a versatile method for fabricating soft bio‐sensors.