bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Therapeutic effects of tilorone on mammary carcinogenesis through downregulation of pro‐inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress
Authors: Chhipa Abu Sufiyan , Sharma Ayush , Verma Srashti , Patel Snehal S.
Published: August 2024

Tilorone dihydrochloride (tilorone) is an orally active interferon inducer with anticancer effects. The present study aimed to evaluate the anticancer effects of tilorone in breast cancer. MTT assay was done to measure the proliferation of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 breast cancer cells after treatment with tilorone. Mammary carcinogenesis was induced by subcutaneous injection (35 mg/kg, 0.5 mL) of dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA) in mammary pads of Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Tumors were allowed to grow for 16 weeks till their sizes reached to 550–700 mm3, and then treated with 10 and 20 mg/kg of tilorone and standard drug doxorubicin (4 mg/kg) twice a week for 3 weeks. Normal and disease‐control animals received normal saline. Tumor volumes and body weights were measured. Tumors were isolated to measure the levels of interferon‐β (IFN‐β), vascular endothelial growth factor‐A (VEGF‐A), P53 and inflammatory markers by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum biochemistry, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and antioxidant enzymes were measured by standard methods. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry (IHC) of P53 was done in tumor sections. Tilorone reduced the proliferation of MCF‐7 and MDA‐MB‐231 cells with IC50 concentrations at 34.08 µM and 14.27 µM, respectively. Tilorone treatment showed reduced tumor volume, and increased survival with no significant changes in the body weights. Tilorone treatment also decreased levels of inflammatory markers and VEGF‐A and increased IFN‐β and P53 levels. Further, treatment with tilorone also decreased LPO and increased antioxidants levels. Histopathology of tumor sections showed normalizing morphology of treated animals. IHC of tumor sections showed increased levels of P53. In conclusion, tilorone has potential anticancer effects against breast cancer.
Emerging Technologies in Hair and Nail Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Banerjee Piyali , Das Kinnor , Goldust Mohamad , Wambier Carlos Gustavo
Published: August 2024

Background

Emerging technologies are revolutionizing dermatology, especially for diagnosing and treating hair and nail disorders. Latest advancements in technology enhance the ability to visualize cutaneous structures, enabling early and precise detection of dermatological pathologies. This review aims to highlight these novel technological advancements and their therapeutic implications.

Objective

The objective of this review is to discuss the emerging and latest diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in the field of hair and nail disorders, highlighting their potential to improve diagnostic accuracy, treatment outcomes, and overall patient care.

Methods

A comprehensive review of existing literature was conducted on emerging diagnostic techniques, including dermoscopy, reflectance confocal microscopy, optical coherence tomography, multispectral imaging, and trichogram. Therapeutic advancements such as low‐level laser therapy, platelet‐rich plasma therapy, photo dynamic therapy, gene therapy, nanoemulsion topical treatments, biomimetic peptides, stem cell therapy, transdermal drug delivery systems, liposomal delivery systems, and drug tattooing were analyzed. The role of the latest technology in the form of artificial was also explored.

Results

We found that these emerging technologies significantly enhance the visualization of hair and nail structures, allowing for enhanced diagnoses and targeted management. These techniques improve early detection of disorders, while emerging therapies are showing promising results in treating hair and nail and related pathologies. AI‐driven technologies further personalize patient care by providing data‐driven insights.

Conclusion

The integration of advanced diagnostic and therapeutic technologies in clinical practice is transforming the arena of dermatology, particularly in hair and nail care. These novel technologies provide improved diagnostic precision, effective management options, and tailored patient care, paving the way for a technologically driven, precision‐based approach in dermatology.
Looking Beyond PRP, Exosomes, and Stem Cells
Authors: Yousefian Faraz , Cortes Marianne , Yadlapati Sujitha , Gold Michael
Published: August 2024

Background

The history of stem cells in dermatology is marked by significant discoveries and advancements. Stem cells, which possess the ability to differentiate into various cell types and self‐renew, have played crucial roles in maintaining tissue integrity and facilitating wound healing. PRP has additionally emerged as a potent therapeutic agent with widespread applications due to its regenerative properties driven by platelets, and various growth factors. The newest addition to the regenerative medicine toolbox has been exosomes and extracellular vesicles containing biomolecules, offering a minimally invasive approach through non‐cell therapy. These vesicles impact crucial cellular functions such as proliferation, migration, and apoptosis.

Aim

We aim to provide a comprehensive review on the history and future implications of stem cells, PRP, and exosomes in the fields of regenerative medicine and dermatology. This paper highlights the importance of ongoing research and development in optimizing these therapies for clinical applications, ultimately aiming to improve patient outcomes and quality of life.

Methods

A literature search was conducted on PubMed reviewing stem cells, PRP, MeSH, and exosomes and their application in the field of dermatology.

Results

The use of stem cells, PRP, and exosomes suggests the great advancements that we have made in regenerative medicine. The tight regulation of stem cells and their byproducts has halted further application of these novel modalities and suggested a need for further research and studies. Although this has slowed down the process of using these powerful tools, we are still continuing to understand the functions and implications of stem cells and their byproducts. With a new emphasis on non‐cell therapy through exosomes and PRP, we are still able to apply these methods to ameliorate chronic dermatological diseases such as chronic wounds, scarring, androgenetic alopecia (ANA), and aesthetics.

Conclusions

Although the field of regenerative medicine is looking promising with its various novel additions, there is still work that needs to be done such as regulatory hurdles, safety concerns, and the need for standardization of isolation, storage, dosage, and application.
Furano‐ and Thieno‐Fused Carbazole‐Containing Azaborines and Their π‐Extension: Synthesis, Structures, and Properties
Authors: Yamamoto Koji , Yamamoto Koji
Published: August 2024

A series of carbazole‐containing azaborines, furano‐fused 1–2F and 1–3F and thieno‐fused 1–2T and 1–3T, were efficiently synthesized from a common carbazole boronic acid ester in two steps. The structural effects of the fused ring moieties and the patterns of the ring fusion were clarified. According to X‐ray crystal structure analysis, the furano‐ and thieno‐fused carbazole azaborines had planar structures and generally formed 1D columns. UV–vis analysis revealed that their absorption properties were significantly affected by the fused ring moieties. In contrast, the fluorescence properties were affected by the ring fusion patterns. π‐Extended derivatives of 1–2T and 1–3T, benzothieno‐fused 1–2BT and 1–3BT and phenyl‐substituted 1–2T‐Ph2 and 1–3T‐Ph2 were synthesized, and the effects of π‐extension on physical properties were also investigated. All the π‐extended compounds showed red‐shifts in absorption and fluorescence spectra compared with the pristine 1–2T and 1–3T. The color of solid‐state emission of the synthesized azaborines was tuned from purple to green without electron‐rich or ‐deficient substituents. The structural effects on the electronic structures were also discussed based on theoretical calculations.
Synthesis of Boron–Imidazole Complexes and Studies on their Multi‐Stimuli‐Responsive Fluorescence Properties
Authors: Miura Youhei , Mohri Kohsuke , Funayama Daisuke , Yoshioka Naoki
Published: August 2024

Organoboron complexes represented by BODIPY are one of the candidates for fluorescent skeletons exhibiting good fluorescence properties in the solution. However, because most BODIPY have high planar skeletons and small Stokes shifts, their fluorescence is quenched in the solid state. Therefore, numerous approaches were challenged to prepare the solid state fluorescent BODIPYs. On the other hand, an alternative approach to developing solid state fluorophores involves imidazole‐boron complexes. Herein, imidazole‐based boron complexes featuring the imidazo[1,2‐c][1,3,2]diazaborole skeleton were synthesized. This skeleton comprised two fused five‐membered rings and could introduce substituent at the 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 6‐positions. The boron complexes with aryl groups at the 3,5,6‐positions exhibited fluorescence in both the solution and solid states. These compounds exhibited Stokes shifts exceeding 120 nm, effectively suppressing self‐absorption. DFT calculations suggested that the large Stokes shift could be attributed to the planarization of π‐conjugation upon excitation. In the solid state, the complexes displayed mechanofluorochromism, with the altered fluorescence color being recovered upon annealing at 150 °C. Compounds with two or three methoxy groups underwent a phase transition to a glass state, resulting in long‐wavelength fluorescence. Furthermore, they demonstrated mechanochromism, thermochromism, and thermofluorochromism in the solid state, indicating their potential as scaffolds for multifunctional fluorophores.
Investigating the structure of disordered eating symptoms in adult men: A network analysis
Authors: Eschrich R. Leopold , Halbeisen Georg , Steins‐Loeber Sabine , Timmesfeld Nina , Paslakis Georgios
Published: August 2024

Objective

Eating disorders (EDs) increasingly emerge as a health risk in men, but there is concern that men's symptoms go unnoticed due to stereotypical perceptions and gender‐related differences in symptom presentation. Novel assessments focused particularly on attitudes and behaviours towards increasing muscle size and definition. Using network analysis, this study aimed to corroborate and extend previous findings on disordered eating presentation in men by examining the role of muscularity concerns among an extended range of disordered eating symptoms.

Method

N = 294 adult men (18 years or older) completed muscularity‐related and disordered eating assessments, among which we included assessments for orthorexic eating and Avoidant/Restrictive Food Intake Disorder for the first time. We selected symptoms empirically, estimated a regularised network, identified symptom communities, evaluated network loadings and bridge centrality estimates, and compared network structures between different groups of participants.

Results

We identified five symptom communities related to muscularity‐related concerns, features of core ED psychopathology, and selective eating. Symptoms regarding ruminating about healthy eating, guilt for unhealthy eating, weight overvaluation, concerns about muscularity, and selective eating emerged as highly central.

Discussion

The results largely corroborate previous observations but suggest that muscle‐building behaviours are part of a broader cluster of male body shaping and rule‐based dieting behaviours.
Dissolved Barium Causes Toxicity to Groundwater Cyclopoida
Authors: Adams Merrin S. , McKnight Kitty S. , Spadaro David M. , Binet Monique T. , Hose Grant C. , Fenton Stephen , Simpson Stuart L.
Published: August 2024

Barium (Ba) dissolution and mobilization in groundwater are predominantly controlled by sulfate because of the low solubility of barium sulfate (BaSO4) minerals. Naturally present at low concentrations in groundwater, elevated concentrations of Ba can occur as a result of anthropogenic activities, including use of barite in drill operations, and geogenic sources such as leaching from geological formations. No toxicity data exist for Ba with groundwater organisms (stygofauna) to assess the risk of elevated Ba concentrations. The present study measured Ba toxicity to two stygobiont Cyclopoida species: one collected from Wellington and the other from Somersby, New South Wales, Australia. Toxicity was measured as cyclopoid survival over 2, 4, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days in waters of varying sulfate concentration (<1–100 mg SO4/L). When sulfate was present, dissolved Ba concentrations decreased rapidly in toxicity test solutions forming a BaSO4 precipitate until dissolved sulfate was depleted. Barium in excess of sulfate remained in the dissolved form. The toxicity of Ba to cyclopoids was clearly attributed to dissolved Ba. Precipitated Ba was not toxic to the Wellington cyclopoid species. Toxicity values for dissolved Ba for the Wellington and Somersby cyclopoid species included a (21-day) no-effect concentration of 3.3 mg/L and an effective concentration to cause 5% mortality of 4.8 mg/L (at 21 days). Elevated dissolved Ba concentrations due to anthropogenic and/or biogeochemical processes may pose a risk to groundwater organisms. Further toxicity testing with other stygobiont species is recommended to increase the data available to derive a guideline value for Ba that can be used in contaminant risk assessments for groundwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:2501–2514. © 2024 The Author(s). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Science, technology, engineering, & mathematics, curricular integration, and the story form
Authors: Krushelnycky Emily , Karrow Douglas D.
Published: August 2024

As science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) education continues to increase in popularity, it becomes imperative that generalist preservice teachers (PT) have both strong concept knowledge and pedagogical skills to properly support its integration. However, generalist PTs do not have enough knowledge or skills possessed by those in STEM's respective disciplines, impacting their perceptions of how the framework is disseminated. The finger, then, is pointed at PT education to provide the necessary education and training that would allow for high‐quality STEM education beginning at the elementary level. One novel approach to mitigate this problem is to introduce Kieran Egan's education theory on imagination (mythic understanding) and the theory of integrated curricula to PT. Throughout this philosophical inquiry, we explore integrated curriculum models, imagination (mythic understanding) and storytelling, illustrating how they may appear in a STEM‐oriented lesson within an elementary science PT course, and attend to the need for approachable, evidence‐based interventions regarding generalist PT STEM education.
How to manage patients with germline DDX41 variants: Recommendations from the Nordic working group on germline predisposition for myeloid neoplasms
Authors: Baliakas Panagiotis , Tesi Bianca , Cammenga Jörg , Stray‐Pedersen Asbjørg , Jahnukainen Kirsi , Andersen Mette Klarskov , Ågerstam Helena , Creignou Maria , Dybedal Ingunn , Raaschou‐Jensen Klas , Grønbæk Kirsten , Kilpivaara Outi , Lindberg Eva Hellström , Wartiovaara‐Kautto Ulla
Published: August 2024

Increasing recognition of germline DDX41 variants in patients with hematological malignancies prompted us to provide DDX41‐specific recommendations for diagnosis, surveillance, and treatment. Causative germline variants in the DDX41 predispose to the development of myeloid neoplasms (MNs), especially myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Almost 3%–5% of all patients with MDS or AML carry a pathogenic or likely pathogenic germline DDX41 variant, while half of them acquire a somatic second hit in the other allele. DDX41‐associated MNs exhibit unique clinical characteristics compared to other hematological malignancies with germline predisposition: MNs occur mostly at advanced age and follow an indolent clinical course. Male carriers are more prone to develop MDS or AML than females. DDX41‐associated MN is often hypoplastic, and the malignancy may be preceded by cytopenias.
Negative prior aquatic experiences and children's aquatic competency: Do parent perceptions differ from reality?
Authors: Calverley Hannah L. M. , Petrass Lauren A , Konjarski Loretta
Published: August 2024

Issue Addressed

Achieving aquatic competence is recommended for preventing childhood drownings, yet many children in Victoria, Australia do not meet aquatic benchmarks despite participating in swimming and water safety programs. While few studies have explored factors influencing aquatic competency development, negative prior aquatic experiences (NPAE) have surfaced as a potential influence. Research on children's NPAE has primarily focused on parental perceptions rather than the child's actual experiences.

Methods

Parents and children (aged 10–12 years) completed reliable surveys for background information and NPAE‐related data. Children also completed aquatic competency assessments against benchmark standards. Chi‐square tests determined relationships between NPAE and aquatic competency, and thematic analysis categorised themes related to perceptions of the child's NPAE.

Results

Most parents (82.9%) indicated their child had not had NPAE, while only half (51.0%) of children did not report NPAE. Children reporting NPAE often perceived incidents as nearly drowning (41%), encompassing swimming pool environments and underwater submersion. Similarly, parents reported varied situations, noting NPAE involving open water and the child's loss of control. Parent‐reported NPAE was associated with children less likely to achieve knowledge, continuous swimming, and survival competency benchmarks (p < .05). Children reporting NPAE were less likely to achieve underwater competencies (p < .05).

Conclusions

The disparity between parent and child perspectives of NPAE demonstrates the importance of considering both perspectives. This should assist in providing appropriate support for children to develop aquatic competencies.

So What?

Using NPAE data, practitioners can customise swim teaching approaches to address and prevent NPAE, particularly as many children associate their NPAE with pools, the common setting for aquatic education.
Workforce neurodiversity and workplace avoidance behavior: The role of inclusive leadership, relational energy, and self‐control demands
Authors: Iqbal Qaisar , Volpone Sabrina D. , Piwowar‐Sulej Katarzyna
Published: August 2024

We draw on job demands‐resources theory to develop and test a model that explores the direct and indirect (through relational energy) impact of inclusive leadership on workplace avoidance behaviors for neurodivergent employees. We also examine the moderating role of personal self‐control demands in the relationship between relational energy and workplace avoidance. We tested our model using partial least square ‐ structural equation modeling analysis with data collected using a time‐lagged data collection in a sample of 215 neurodiverse employees working in multinational companies across the Gulf Cooperation Council region (i.e., Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates, Oman). The findings demonstrate that inclusive leaders mitigate workplace avoidance behavior in neurodivergent employees. That is, inclusive leaders create an environment that contributes to the cultivation of employees' personal relational energy resources. Then, high levels of relational energy interact with employees' level of personal demands (i.e., impulse control, resisting distractions) to reduce workplace avoidance behaviors. Our work speaks to the integrated role of demands and resources in workplaces that can thwart avoidance behaviors for neurodivergent employees.
Preparation of silk fibroin‐derived hydrogels and applications in skin regeneration
Authors: Li Dipeng , Liang Renjie , Wang Yirong , Zhou Yanting , Cai Weibang
Published: August 2024

Purpose

To compare different methods of preparing silk fibroin hydrogels, then summarize the applications of silk fibroin hydrogel‐based scaffolds in skin regeneration and finally discuss about future prospects to inspire people interested in this field.

Methods

A narrative review of the relevant papers was conducted. Notably, for applications in skin regeneration, this review provides a categorized summary and discussion of studies from the past decade.

Results

Silk fibroin is a naturally occurring, biocompatible biomaterial that is easily producible. Thanks to its exceptional processability, silk fibroin has found diverse applications in skin regeneration. These applications encompass sponges, fiber fabrics, thin films, and hydrogels. Hydrogels, in particular, are noteworthy due to their water‐containing network structure, closely resembling natural tissues. They provide a biomimetic three‐dimensional growth environment for cells and have the capacity to incorporate growth factors. Consequently, there are abundant studies of silk fibroin hydrogel‐based scaffolds in skin regeneration. Besides, some commercialized medical devices are also made of silk fibroin.

Conclusion

Silk fibroin hydrogel could be prepared with multiple methods and it is widely used in constructing scaffolds for efficient skin regeneration. In the future, silk fibroin hydrogel‐based skin scaffolds could be more biomimetic and smart.
MAXTOF: An efficient calculation tool for precise optimization of MALDI‐TOF MS measurements in real time
Authors: Chang Ko‐Keng , Ko Yi‐Yu , Chou Po‐Yu , Lai Szu‐Hsueh , Wang Yi‐Sheng
Published: August 2024

An efficient calculation tool for rigorously optimizing the instrument parameters of matrix‐assisted laser desorption/ionization time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (MALDI‐TOF MS) is demonstrated in this work. Optimization of MALDI‐TOF MS has been an experience‐based, time‐consuming process without a rigorous theoretical principle. Based on the comprehensive calculation model reported previously, we developed a software tool, MAXTOF, to rapidly determine instrument parameters providing ultimate mass resolving power (MRP). The software conducts big data analysis of most instrument parameters to predict the MRP, including instrument dimensions, voltages, mass‐to‐charge ratio of ions, and ion extraction delay. It can complete the calculation in seconds, providing parameters that serve as the starting point for subsequent optimization that greatly accelerates the optimization process. Experimental validation using a commercial instrument demonstrates MAXTOF's efficacy in predicting optimal parameters and enhancing MRP. The predicted ion extraction delays for bradykinin fragment, P14R polypeptide, and insulin chain B ions were within 5% of the values observed through long‐term optimization. The observed MRP of those ions ranged from 2800 to 4500. Results show that the method and software are highly advantageous for fast and precise measurements.
Large angular correction of arithmetic coronal alignment is associated with residual lateral laxity after total knee arthroplasty in varus knees for Japanese patients
Authors: Itou Junya , Kuwashima Umito , Itoh Masafumi , Okazaki Ken
Published: August 2024

Purpose

One of the most common types of coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) is type I, which is characterised by varus alignment and apex distal joint line obliquity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of changes in arithmetic hip–knee–ankle angle (aHKA) with both postoperative joint laxity and patient‐reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with CPAK type I following mechanical alignment (MA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods

Of 111 consecutive knees in 92 patients with osteoarthritis who underwent primary TKA, 80 knees (72.0%) with CPAK type I phenotype preoperatively were evaluated. All TKAs were performed to achieve neutral MA by a medial stabilising gap balancing technique. Pre‐ to postoperative change in aHKA was defined as ΔaHKA. The 80 CPAK type I knees were divided into a larger ΔaHKA group (>7°) and a smaller ΔaHKA group (≤7°). PROMs, including the Knee Society Score and Forgotten Joint Score‐12, were assessed before and 2 years after surgery. Pre‐ and postoperative joint laxity was assessed using a Telos arthrometer.

Results

Twenty‐two knees showed a larger ΔaHKA, and postoperative lateral joint laxity in varus stress was significantly greater in these patients than in those with a smaller ΔaHKA (6.8° vs. 4.5°, p = 0.006). There were no significant differences between the groups in PROMs (p = n.s.).

Conclusions

Postoperative lateral laxity was associated with larger aHKA changes than smaller aHKA changes in CPAK type I knees after TKA. However, no statistically significant differences in PROMs were found according to the amount of change in aHKA.

Level of Evidence

Level III.
Novel co‐delivery of oridonin and docetaxel nanoliposome for an enhanced antitumor effect on esophageal cancer
Authors: Chen Xi , Mao Hengyu , Peng Feng , Fan Jiang , Yang Fu
Published: August 2024

Introduction

Esophageal cancer is one of the major cancers in China. Most patients with esophageal cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and the 5 year survival rate is discouraging. Combined chemotherapy is a common method for the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Methods

In this study, distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine polyethylene glycol 2000 (DSPE‐PEG2000) nanoliposomes (NLPs) encapsulating the anticancer drugs docetaxel (DOX) and oridonin (ORD) were prepared, and their ability to enhance the release of anticancer drugs was determined. The NLP system was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size and encapsulation efficiency. In addition, the release characteristics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs were also studied in detail.

Results

When the DOX/ORD ratio was 2:1, the higher proportion of DOX led to a stronger synergy effect. DOX/ORD NLPs were prepared by the high‐pressure homogenization method and had a uniform spherical morphology. The mean particle size and polydispersity index were determined to be 246.4 and 0.163, respectively. The stability results showed that no significant change was observed in particle size, zeta potential, Encapsulation efficiency and dynamic light scattering for DOX/ORD NLPs during the observation period. The results of in vitro release illustrated that the acidic environment of tumor might be beneficial to drug release. The three‐dimensional tumorsphere showed that DOX/ORD NLPs can reach the interior of tumor spheres, which destroys the structure of cells, resulting in irregular spherical tumor spheres. The in vivo study results indicated that DOX/ORD NLPs had an obvious targeting effect on subcutaneous tumors and have the potential to actively deliver drugs to tumor tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect apoptosis. The results showed that DOX/ORD NLP treatment could significantly induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth.

Conclusion

The DOX/ORD NLPs prepared in this study can enhance the anti‐tumor activity, and are expected to be a promising co‐delivery platform for the treatment of esophageal cancer.
Epidemiological characteristics and serological survey of mumps 15 years after MMR vaccine was included in the immunization program
Authors: Gong Xiaoying , Fang Quanjun , Zheng Wangfeng , Lai Shiming , Xu Wenjie , Yin Zhiying
Published: August 2024

Mumps is a vaccine‐preventable acute viral infectious disease. To understand the incidence of mumps and population immunity in Quzhou City after measles mumps rubella vaccine (MMR) was included in the immunization program, we analyzed the epidemiological characteristics of mumps cases from 2009 to 2023 and a cross‐sectional serosurvey of IgG antibodies to mumps conducted in 2024. We found that 15 years after the MMR vaccine was included in the immunization program, the incidence of mumps was significantly reduced in all populations, but the incidence remained highest in vaccinated children aged 0–12 years. Vaccine escape may explain the high incidence of mumps in highly vaccinated populations. Updating vaccines or developing a new vaccine that targets multiple viral genotypes may be necessary to improve the effectiveness of the vaccine against infection and fully control infections and outbreaks. The positive rate and concentration of mumps IgG antibody were inconsistent with the incidence data. mumps IgG antibody is not an ideal substitute for immunity and cannot be used to accurately predict whether a target population is susceptible or protected. Natural infections may provide longer‐lasting immunity than vaccination.
Flow Injection Analysis With UV Detection Versus Raman Spectroscopy for the Quantitative Analysis of Remdesivir
Authors: Berge Marion , Siboni Jonhatan , Mequinion Carole , Caudron Eric , Lê Laetitia
Published: August 2024

The quality and the security of preparations in hospital centres are essential to guarantee the patient's safety. The development of fast and efficient analytical methods is required to control the finished product before use. In this context, the study aimed to compare the performance and interchangeability of two spectral analytical methods: the flow injection analysis (FIA) with UV detection and the Raman spectroscopy for the quality control of preparation before use to quantify the remdesivir as a SARS‐CoV‐2 drug. A quantitative study of remdesivir was performed using clinically relevant concentration solutions ranging from 0.25 to 1.625 mg.mL−1 in 0.9% NaCl. Samples were analysed by FIA‐UV at 245 nm and by a handheld Raman spectroscopy at 785 nm. Quantitative models were developed using a calibration set (n = 45 samples) and optimized using a validation set (n = 27). An external validation test set (n = 58) was used to compare the two methods by a Bland–Altman plot. Partial least square regression was used to analyse Raman spectra, while univariate analysis was performed at 245 nm for FIA‐UV. The regression coefficient was higher than 0.990 for both methods, and the root mean square error of prediction was 0.031 mg.mL−1 for Raman spectroscopy. The Bland–Altman plot confirmed the interchangeability of the two methods and the potential of Raman spectroscopy to control remdesivir during clinical preparation in the hospital.
The Individual Participant Data Integrity Tool for assessing the integrity of randomised trials
Authors: Hunter Kylie E. , Aberoumand Mason , Libesman Sol , Sotiropoulos James X. , Williams Jonathan G. , Aagerup Jannik , Wang Rui , Mol Ben W. , Li Wentao , Barba Angie , Shrestha Nipun , Webster Angela C. , Seidler Anna Lene
Published: August 2024

Increasing concerns about the trustworthiness of research have prompted calls to scrutinise studies' Individual Participant Data (IPD), but guidance on how to do this was lacking. To address this, we developed the IPD Integrity Tool to screen randomised controlled trials (RCTs) for integrity issues. Development of the tool involved a literature review, consultation with an expert advisory group, piloting on two IPD meta‐analyses (including 73 trials with IPD), preliminary validation on 13 datasets with and without known integrity issues, and evaluation to inform iterative refinements. The IPD Integrity Tool comprises 31 items (13 study‐level, 18 IPD‐specific). IPD‐specific items are automated where possible, and are grouped into eight domains, including unusual data patterns, baseline characteristics, correlations, date violations, patterns of allocation, internal and external inconsistencies, and plausibility of data. Users rate each item as having either no issues, some/minor issue(s), or many/major issue(s) according to decision rules, and justification for each rating is recorded. Overall, the tool guides decision‐making by determining whether a trial has no concerns, some concerns requiring further information, or major concerns warranting exclusion from evidence synthesis or publication. In our preliminary validation checks, the tool accurately identified all five studies with known integrity issues. The IPD Integrity Tool enables users to assess the integrity of RCTs via examination of IPD. The tool may be applied by evidence synthesists, editors and others to determine whether an RCT should be considered sufficiently trustworthy to contribute to the evidence base that informs policy and practice.
Effects of high temperature on grain quality and enzyme activity in heat‐sensitive versus heat‐tolerant rice cultivars
Authors: Zhou Rong , Hu Qijuan , Meng Xiangfeng , Zhang Yue , Shuai Xingyang , Gu Yangfan , Li Yueyu , Chen Moxian , Wang Baohua , Cao Yunying
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUND

High‐temperature (HT) stress significantly affects the quality of rice (Oryza sativa L.), although the underlying the mechanism remains unknown. Therefore, in the present study, we assessed protein components, amino acids, mineral element levels, starch biosynthesis enzyme activity and gene expression of two heat‐sensitive and two heat‐tolerant genotypes under HT treatment during early (from 1 to 10 days, T1) and mid‐filling (from 11 to 20 days, T2) after anthesis.

RESULTS

Except for one cultivar, most rice varieties exhibited increased levels of amylose, chalky degree and protein content, along with elevated cracked grains and pasting temperatures and, consequently, suppressed amino acid levels under HT stress. HT treatment also increased protein components, macro‐ (Mg, K, P and S) and microelements (Cu, Zn, and Mo) in the rice flour. Both HT treatments reduced the activity of ADP‐glucose pyrophosphate, ground‐bound starch synthase, as well as the relative ratio of amylose to total starch, at the same time increasing starch branch enzyme activity. The expression levels of OsAGPL2, OsSSS1 and OsSBE1 in all varieties exhibited the same trends as enzyme activity under HT treatment.

CONCLUSION

High temperatures negatively affected rice quality during grain filling, which is related to heat tolerance and grain shape. Altered enzymatic activity is crucial to compensate for the lowered enzyme quality under heat stress. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
Multiclass and multi‐residue determination of pesticides and antibiotics in sediment from an aquacultural environment based on modified dispersive solid‐phase extraction
Authors: Qian Zhuozhen , Tang Shuifen , Liu Zhiyu , Luo Fangfang , Chen Yanting , Wei Shaohong
Published: August 2024

A quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe method was developed for the multi‐residue analysis of pesticides and antibiotics in aquaculture sediment using high‐performance liquid chromatography‐tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC‐MS/MS). The developed method is based on ultrasonic extraction with acetonitrile and phosphate buffer, salting with sodium chloride, and cleaning with dispersive solid‐phase extraction adsorbent using primary secondary amine, C18, and graphitized carbon black, followed by HPLC‐MS/MS detection. We optimized different extraction methods and the ratio of the cleanup adsorbents to achieve good recoveries at three spiking levels that ranged from 60.4% to 114% with a relative standard deviation below 15% (n = 6). For all analytes, except for flufenoxuron, the limits of quantification were between 1 and 5 µg/kg (dry weight). The validated method was successfully applied to real samples collected from 20 aquacultural ponds, confirming the feasibility of the proposed method. The concentrations of the target analytes in the sediments (dry weight) were in the ranges of 2.2–35.0 µg/kg for sulfonamides, 0–409.1 µg/kg for quinolones, 0–6.56 µg/kg for macrolides, and 0–4.9 µg/kg for pesticides. Moreover, the co‐occurrence of pesticides and antibiotics may potentially pose a high risk to sediment‐dwelling organisms in nine out of the 20 investigated locations.
The association between posttraumatic stress disorder symptom severity and distress tolerance in traumatic stress treatment
Authors: Byllesby Brianna M. , Palmieri Patrick A.
Published: August 2024

Distress tolerance, or the perceived ability to tolerate negative emotional states, is often associated with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) such that higher distress tolerance is generally associated with less severe PTSD symptom levels. As distress tolerance is often considered a risk and maintenance factor in distress disorders, examining the association between changes in distress tolerance and changes in PTSD symptoms may have clinical relevance. The present study examined the associations between PTSD symptom severity and distress tolerance across three assessment points over 12 weeks among 212 patients receiving outpatient psychotherapy services. Using random‐intercept cross‐lagged panel modeling (RI‐CLPM), concurrent and prospective associations between PTSD and distress tolerance were examined. PTSD symptoms at Time 1 and Time 2 significantly predicted distress tolerance at Time 2, β = −.296, and Time 3, β = −.395, respectively. Distress tolerance did not predict subsequent PTSD symptom severity. Exploratory analyses examined distress tolerance and four PTSD symptom clusters over time. Patterns of results differed across clusters, though it was consistent that only PTSD symptom clusters predicted subsequent distress tolerance and not vice versa. The results support the interrelationship of changes in psychopathology and emotional distress tolerance and indicate that distress tolerance may be an important factor in symptom remission during PTSD treatment.
Femoral cartilage thickness measured on MRI varies among individuals: Time to deepen one of the principles of kinematic alignment in total knee arthroplasty. A systematic review
Authors: Giurazza Giancarlo , Caria Clemente , Campi Stefano , Franceschetti Edoardo , Papalia Giuseppe Francesco , Basciani Susanna , Zampoli Andrea , Gregori Pietro , Papalia Rocco , Marinozzi Andrea
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Kinematically aligned total knee arthroplasty (KA TKA), as a pure resurfacing procedure, is based on matching implant thickness with bone cut and kerf thickness, plus cartilage wear. However, the assumption of a consistent 2 mm femoral cartilage thickness remains unproven. This study aimed to systematically review the available literature concerning magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) assessment of femoral cartilage thickness in non‐arthritic patients. Our hypothesis was that cartilage thickness values would vary significantly among individuals, thereby challenging the established KA paradigm of ‘one‐cartilage‐fits‐all’.

Methods

Systematic literature searches (Pubmed, Scopus and Cochrane Library) followed PRISMA guidelines. English‐language studies assessing distal and posterior femoral cartilage thickness using MRI in non‐arthritic adults were included. Studies lacking numerical cartilage thickness data, involving post‐operative MRI, considering total femoro‐tibial cartilage thickness, or failing to specify the compartment of the knee being studied were excluded.

Results

Overall, 27 studies comprising 8170 MRIs were analysed. Weighted mean femoral cartilage thicknesses were: 2.05 ± 0.62 mm (mean range 1.06–2.6) for the distal medial condyle, 1.95 ± 0.4 mm (mean range 1.15–2.5) for the distal lateral condyle, 2.44 ± 0.5 mm (mean range 1.37–2.6) for the posterior medial condyle and 2.27 ± 0.38 mm (mean range 1.48–2.5) for the posterior lateral condyle.

Discussion

Femoral cartilage thickness varies significantly across patients. In KA TKA, relying on a fixed thickness of 2 mm may jeopardize the accurate restoration of individual anatomy, leading to errors in implant coronal and rotational alignment. An intraoperative assessment of cartilage thickness may be advisable to express the KA philosophy at its full potential.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Rising rates of anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in Australian adults: An analysis of Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule database
Authors: Campbell Ryan J. , An Vincent , Molnar Robert , Sivakumar Brahman S. , Symes Michael
Published: August 2024

Purpose

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an evolving field, though there remains sparse epidemiological data on the treatment of ACL ruptures. The objective of this study is to analyse the trends in the rate of ACL reconstruction (ACLR) in adult patients over the past two decades in the Australian population.

Methods

The incidence of ACLR between 2001 and 2020 in patients 15 years and over was analysed using the Australian Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) database. The data reflect patients with private health coverage (45% of the Australian population). An offset term was introduced using national population data to account for population changes over the study period.

Results

A total of 160,353 ACLRs were performed in Australia under the MBS in the 20‐year period from 2001 to 2020. An annual increase in the total volume and per capita rate of ACLRs was found (p < 0.05). The annual volume of cases increased by 82%, from 5512 in 2001 to a peak of 10,011 in 2017. This increase was seen across all age groups (p < 0.05) and both sexes (p < 0.05), with a greater proportion of reconstructions performed on males (n = 102,357, 64%) than females (n = 57,996, 36%). In 2020, the rate of adult ACLRs decreased to a level last seen in 2004, likely due to the effects of COVID‐19.

Conclusions

The incidence of ACLR in adult patients has increased in Australia over the 20‐year study period. The trends noted provide information that can be used to guide resource allocation and health provision in the future.

Level of Evidence

Level IV.
Impact of Processing on the Bioactive Compounds and Antinutritional Factors of Lentil (Lens culinaris L.)—A Review
Authors: Dewan Md. Forshed , Shams Shahjadi‐Nur‐Us , Haque M. Amdadul
Published: August 2024

Lentil (Lens culinaris L.) is an ancient leguminous crop, with its seeds eaten in numerous forms in throughout the world. Along with macronutrients and micronutrients, it provides a range of non‐nutritional constituents, which are categorized as bioactive compounds. These compounds have immense roles in maintaining biological functions in plants and animal kingdom. Bioactive compounds in lentils consist of phenolic compounds, pigment, tocopherol, flavonoids, lectins, oxalic acid, phytic acid, and so forth. Some of these compounds are regarded as antinutritional factors (ANFs) because they prevent nutrients from being absorbed. Processing methods such as cooking, germination, fermentation, dehulling, milling, and extrusion can drastically reduce the amount of ANFs contained in lentils. The primary objective of dehulling and milling is not to reduce or eliminate the ANFs of lentils but to increase their feasibility for using in various food applications. However, the processing stresses may result good or bad effects on the bioactive molecules as well. For instance, the raw lentils may not contain any γ‐aminobutyric acid, but following germination and fermentation, it becomes abundant. In this article, we reviewed the studies on the impact assessment of processing techniques on the bioactive components of lentils. By combining existing literature, this review fills a knowledge gap on the ways that processing methods affect lentils' bioactive properties and offers valuable guidance for dietary applications and informed consumer choices. Lentils can cater to recent consumer trends for increasing preference of plant‐based proteins by offering nutrient‐dense and healthy dietary options.
A model of academic‐practice collaboration for facilitating informatics capacity and building a learning health system framework in public health
Authors: Rajamani Sripriya , Solarz Sarah , Muscoplat Miriam Halstead , Schmit Aasa Dahlberg , Gonderinger Ann , Brueske Chris , Fritz Jennifer , Emerson Emily , Melton Genevieve B.
Published: August 2024

Background and Objective

The data modernization initiative (DMI) is a multi‐year, multi‐billion‐dollar endeavor toward a robust public health information infrastructure. The various DMI projects (interoperability, analytics, workforce, governance) present an opportunity for a learning health system (LHS) framework in public health. The objective is to share an academic‐practice partnership model between the University of Minnesota (UMN) and the Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) in advancing public health informatics (PHI) and its relationship to an LHS model.

Methods

The UMN‐MDH partnership was conceptualized in 2018 as a 1‐year pilot with annual renewals through a time/cost‐sharing faculty position with PHI expertise. The partnership focus was decided based on MDH's needs and mutual interests, with the core collaborating faculty (SR) being an embedded researcher at MDH. Responsibilities included supporting electronic case reporting (eCR), interoperability projects, and assisting MDH staff with PHI presentations/publications. The partnership has expanded to PHI workforce development through a national grant and now includes an interest in applying the LHS framework to MDH‐DMI work.

Results

The MDH‐DMI team has embarked upon 13 projects for assessment through an LHS approach: systems interoperability projects between MDH and healthcare/local public health (n = 6); systems modernization for MDH programs (n = 5); informatics workforce development (n = 1); and program governance (n = 1). Each project has been evaluated and/or has current/future assessment plans to synthesize learnings and create a feedback loop for iterative improvement. The partnership has been mutually beneficial as it met agreed upon metrics across both institutions. The program's productivity is showcased with shared authorship in 10 peer‐reviewed proceedings/publications, 22 presentations and 16 posters across local/national conferences.

Conclusion

The current case report of the UMN‐MDH partnership is a relatively recent exemplar to support tangible LHS demonstration in public health. Building LHS momentum at MDH and other public health entities will require LHS champion(s) and continued academic collaboration.
ORGANIZATIONAL JUSTICE: WHEN DIGNITY AND FAIRNESS JOIN FORCES
Authors: Carucci Ron A.
Published: August 2024

The author, a longtime author and co‐founder and managing partner at Navalent, presents his research on dignity and fairness within organizations. In the “15‐year study, interviews with nearly 3,200 leaders from across industries, public and private sectors, non‐profits, and organizational levels were included.” Challenging topics are discussed, partly through short anecdotes about uncomfortable situations revolving around these topics in organizations, and how leaders can handle them more deftly, while increasing dignity, justice, and fairness throughout their organizations. These topics include bullying and other unacceptable behaviors, hiring, feedback, and whose story gets told and whose does not. Also, who gets “a seat at the table,” and why, especially if it is because of the organizational title they hold, or what department or function they represent. The author concludes that “if you want to stem the tide of the mass exodus of great talent leaving organizations for less toxic, more joyful environments to work, start today by righting the wrongs you know have long served to send great talent out the doors.”