bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effects of Load on Spatial Statistical Learning
Authors: Amsalem Nadav , Sahar Tomer , Makovski Tal
Published: January 2023

Statistical Learning (SL), the extraction of regularities embedded in the environment, is often viewed as a fundamental and effortless process. However, whether spatial SL requires attention and effort is still not clear. To examine this issue, we tested spatial SL under high- and low-cognitive load (Experiment 1) and spatial memory load (Experiment 2) during the familiarization phase. We found that any type of high load during the familiarization abolished learning. Experiment 3 compared spatial SL under no-load and low-spatial load and found a much stronger effect under the no-load condition. Finally, we compared spatial SL under passive viewing and a low-load infrequent cover task that posed minimal cognitive demands while still requiring deploying attention to the display (Experiment 4). The results showed, once again, that any concurrent task during the familiarization phase largely impaired spatial SL. Thus, we conclude that spatial SL is less automatic and effortless than typically viewed.
Digital nudges: A reflection of challenges and improvements inspired by the Gloria Adherence Subproject
Authors: Grüning David Joachim
Published: January 2023

Rapid technological development allows for ever new opportunities to nudge individuals’ behavior and knowledge digitally. The Gloria Adherence Subproject by Hartman et al. (2022) implements such a digital nudge via a mobile device aiming at medication adherence. Besides methodological and practical shortcomings outlined by the authors themselves, the used adherence nudge might have had conceptual weaknesses. In the present article, I reflect on three prominent challenges of digital nudges in general and an emerging redemption of the nudging-concept in the form of so-called boosts. Both reflections inform the evaluation of the outcomes of the Gloria Adherence Subproject and suggest specific actions for optimization for future project retrials or conceptual replications by other scientists.
Machine Cognition, Control and Embodiment on Landscapes of Fog, Friction and Selection
Authors: Wallace Rodrick
Published: January 2023

Real-world cognitive structures -- embodied biological, machine or composite entities -- are inherently unstable by virtue of the 'topological information' imposed upon them by external circumstance, adversarial intent, and other persistent 'selection pressures'. Consequently, under the Data Rate Theorem, they must be constantly controlled by embedding regulators. For example, blood pressure and the stream of consciousness requirepersistent delicate regulation in higher organisms. Here, using the Rate Distortion Theorem of information theory, we derive a form of the Data Rate Theorem of control theory that characterizes such instability for adiabatically stationary nonergodic systems and uncover novel forms of cognitive dynamics under stochastic challenge. These range from aperiodic stochastic amplification to Yerkes-Dodson signal transduction and outright system collapse. The analysis, deliberately closely adapted from recent purely biological studies, leads toward new statistical tools for data analysis, uncovering groupoidsymmetry-breaking phase transition analogs to Fisher Zeros in physical systems that may be important for studies of machine intelligence under real-world, hence embodied, interaction.
Individual differences in semantic priming and inhibitory control predict performance in the Remote Associates Test (RAT)
Authors: Lezama Raquel , Gómez-Ariza Carlos J. , Bajo María Teresa
Published: January 2023

Creative thinking is a complex cognitive ability that requires the combination and integration of information in the memory to produce original ideas. Previous creativity research has suggested that semantic memory, attentional focus or inhibitory control might be engaged when performing creativity tasks. In the present study, we tested whether stronger global attention, larger semantic priming and better ability to inhibit interfering information were related to performance in a creativity task such as the Remote Associate test (RAT). With this aim, 124 participants performed a lexical decision task in which the degree of semantic association (strong and weak) was manipulated. They also performed Navon’s global-local task, in which global precedence and global/local interference indexes were calculated, and an adapted selective retrieval procedure from which an inhibition index was obtained. The results indicated that better creative performance was predicted by larger semantic priming between strong associates and by larger inhibitory effects, while attentional style was not associated with performance in the RAT. These findings support the role of semantic activation and inhibition during creativity
The Dual-Perspective Model’s “Primacy of Communion” Hypothesis: A Vignette Experiment Using LIWC-22 and Further Theoretical Exploration
Authors: Stolte John
Published: January 2023

Results of a vignette experiment supporting the “primacy of communion over agency” hypothesis implied by “the dual-perspective model” (Abele and Wojciszke, 2014) are reported here. However, while the results partially support this model, they do not fit it completely and they prompt a wider exploration of some additional theoretical questions concerning the context, process, and outcomes of the communion-agency dynamic. The present study uses the latest Linguistic Inquiry Word Count tool (LIWC-22) to analyze the implicit motive to affiliate observed in written transcripts collected as part of an earlier study (Stolte, 2021a). The broad goal of the work reported here is to extend our grasp of the agency-communion dynamic as it operates across a wide array of social behavior and social situations. Below, we (a) discuss the central logic of the “dual-perspective model” (DPM), (b) report data partially supporting the “primacy of communion” hypothesis, then (c) expand the analysis by examining three theoretical issue areas focused on: (i) the broader socio-cultural context, (ii) the interactive process of social framing, and (iii) the existential need for social grappling. We argue that while communion does, under certain conditions, have primacy over agency as DPM asserts, other conditions are likely to lead to the primacy of agency over communion. Such other conditions need to be more fully explored and specified as theoretical scope conditions.
Investigating the experience of professional carers supporting individuals with intellectual disability who were at risk of admission– a qualitative study
Authors: Manandhar-Richardson Mizla , Woodrow Ceri , Cooper-Taylor Georgia
Published: January 2023

Purpose This study aims to understand the experiences of professional paid carers providing community support to people with intellectual disability ‘at risk of admission’. We explore factors that were helpful or lacking in terms of the support the carers received from NHS health services during this time.MethodologyWe conducted semi-structured interview with eight participants. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data.FindingsThree main themes and ten subthemes were identified. The first main theme was “support systems” that were available or lacking for the client and their carers. The second main theme was “training and supervision” available to the carers and their team when the individual they supported needed additional support. The third theme was “change” clients encountered which included changes in the environment as well as changes due to Covid-19 pandemic. Originality This is the first study on experiences of carers during specifically high stress periods, such as when the clients they are supporting are at risk of hospital admission.
The Social, Emotional, and Behavioral Skill Antecedents to College Students’ Volunteering during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Sewell Madison Nicole , Napolitano Christopher , Roberts Brent , Soto Christopher J. , Yoon Heejun Roy
Published: January 2023

The disruptions to community functioning caused by the COVID-19 pandemic spurred individuals to action. This empirical study investigated the social, emotional, and behavioral (SEB) skill antecedents to college students’ volunteering during the COVID-19 pandemic (N =248, Mage = 20.6). We assessed eight SEB skills at the onset of a volunteering program, and students’ volunteer hours were assessed 10-weeks later. Approximately 41.5% of the sample did not complete any volunteer hours. Higher levels of perspective taking skill, abstract thinking skill, and stress regulation were associated with more time spent volunteering. These results suggest that strength in particular SEB skills can prospectively predict prosocial civic behaviors.
Selective attention and stimulus integration have distinct influences on the temporal dynamics of perceptual decision-making
Authors: McIntyre Morgan Emma , Rangelov Dragan , Mattingley Jason
Published: January 2023

Responding appropriately to incoming sensory information is crucial for adaptive behaviour. In most real-world contexts, multiple sources of information are simultaneously available, and must be prioritised or combined in the service of adaptive decisions. Here we implemented a decision-making paradigm with the goal of characterizing the computational dynamics of perceptual decisions requiring either selection or integration of distinct sensory information. In late 2019, participants viewed displays in which a single patch of moving dots was presented in isolation (baseline), or where two patches overlapped at the same spatial location. In the overlapping displays, participants were cued to judge the direction of just one of the two dot-patches (selection) or the average direction of both patches (integration). In all tasks participants made speeded judgements indicating whether the task-relevant motion was toward the left or right of vertical, and the angular offset of the task-relevant motion was varied across trials. Relative to the baseline task, non-decision times were longer in the selection and integration tasks, suggesting they may require prolonged or supplementary processing stages. Drift rates were lower, suggesting a reduced signal-to-noise ratio, in tasks involving selection and integration. Our findings highlight the temporal dynamics of perceptual decision-making with multiple concurrent stimuli.
Computation-Limited Bayesian Updating
Authors: Zhu Jian-Qiao , Sanborn Adam N , Chater Nick , Griffiths Thomas L.
Published: January 2023

Effectively updating one’s beliefs requires sufficient empirical evidence (i.e., data) and the computational capacity to process it. Yet both data and computational resources are limited for human minds. Here, we study the problem of belief updating under limited data and limited computation. Using information theory to characterize constraints on computation, we find that the solution to the resulting optimization problem links the data and computational limitations together: when computational resources are tight, agents may not be able to integrate new empirical evidence. The resource-rational belief updating rule we identify offers a novel interpretation of conservative Bayesian updating.
Subjective Inequity Aversion: How Unfair Inequality Affects Subjective Well-Being
Authors: Bohmann Sandra , Kalleitner Fabian
Published: January 2023

This paper argues that subjective perceptions of inequity (i.e. unfairness), rather than objective deviations from equality, are key to understanding reactions to (in)equality. Combining theoretical insights from social justice literature and social comparison, this paper formalizes this idea by adapting the Fehr and Schmidt (1999) model of inequity aversion. To test this model, we analyze the association between respondents’ perceived fairness of own, top, and bottom incomes with subjective well-being using data from the European Social Survey 2018. Results from spline regressions indicate that perceived injustice of own and top incomes is negatively related to subjective well-being even when controlling for people’s relative income position or objective levels of macro level inequality. For perceived unfairness of bottom incomes, we find no substantive relationships with subjective well-being. Results are consistent across several robustness checks and when using German panel data to test the effect of own income fairness on subjective well-being in a longitudinal setting. Findings imply that combining theoretical insights emphasizing normative and comparative social mechanisms is crucial to explaining the inequity well-being relationship.
Kesiapsiagaan Mahasiswa Program Studi Diploma III Keperawatan Dalam Menghadapi Bencana Gempa Bumi
Authors: Darmareja Rycco , Kuswara Sani Widianti , Ismail Iqbal Taufik
Published: January 2023

Tingginya ancaman bencana negara Indonesia yang disebabkan karakteristik geografisnya, membuat negara ini menjadi salah satu laboratorium bencana dengan 13 jenis bencana alam didalamnya dan menempati peringkat ke-33 di dunia. Selama 10 tahun terakhir, gempa bumi terdata sebagai salah satu penyumbang korban jiwa tertinggi dibandingkan bencana lainnya. Salah satu wilayah dengan ancaman tinggi gempa bumi adalah Kota Cimahi, Jawa Barat. Kerentanan bencana yang tinggi ini, seharusnya diimbangi dengan upaya kesiapsiagaan sebagai rangkaian kegiatan proaktif sebelum terjadi bencana. Kesiapsiagaan yang rendah akan berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kerusakan akibat bencana. Penelitian dilaksanakan dengan tujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kesiapsiagaan mahasiswa Program Studi Diploma III Keperawatan dalam menghadapi gempa bumi. Sebuah desain descriptive quantitative dilakukan kepada 213 orang melalui proportional stratified random sampling. Data primer dikumpulkan dengan instrumen berupa kuesioner baku yang dikembangkan LIPI-UNESCO/IDR dan dimodifikasi dalam bentuk formulir elektornik. Pengumpulan data dilaksanakan secara daring dan dimonitor langsung melalui sebuah virtual meeting oleh tim peneliti untuk menghindari bias. Analisis univariat dilakukan untuk menentukan tingkat kesiapsiagaan bencana. Penelitian ini tentunya dilakukan dengan memperhatikan etika penelitian. Hasil penelitian diperoleh hampir sebagian besar (68,1%) atau 145 responden dinilai sangat siap siaga menghadapi bencana gempa bumi, dengan faktor yang mempengaruhinya yaitu jenis kelamin, usia, pengalaman, pendidikan dan pengetahuan responden. Peneliti berharap agar komitmen pengembangan ilmu keperawatan dibidang manajemen bencana dapat ditingkatkan melalui beberapa alternatif kegiatan seperti edukasi, simulasi, membentuk organisasi khusus penanggulangan bencana dan bekerjasama antar institusi atau organisasi kebencanaan tingkat daerah atau nasional.
Efectos del sistema de conducción y del raleo de racimos en la composición de uvas Merlot
Authors: González-Neves G. , Ferrer M.
Published: January 2023

La conducción del viñedo y el raleo de racimos pueden emplearse para controlar el equilibrio entre hojas y frutos, de manera de obtener uvas con una composición adecuada para elaborar vinos de buena calidad. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar los efectos del sistema de conducción y del raleo de racimos sobre la composición de uvas de la variedad Merlot. Los ensayos fueron realizados entre 2002 y 2004, en viñedos del Sur de Uruguay conducidos en lira y en espaldera. En ambos casos se hizo raleo de racimos en envero, dejando 50 % de los racimos que tenían las plantas testigo. En la vendimia se pesaron los racimos de cada planta y se realizaron muestreos de uvas, determinando sus contenidos de sólidos solubles, acidez total y pH, el peso de la baya, y las proporciones de hollejos, semillas y pulpa. El potencial polifenólico se estimó según Glories y Augustin (1993) y González Neves (2005). La producción fue significativamente superior en la lira, incluso con raleo de racimos. Sin embargo, esta conducción permitió obtener uvas con contenidos similares o superiores de componentes de calidad (azúcares, antocianos, taninos de hollejos) a los obtenidos en la espaldera. El raleo de racimos determinó una mejora de la calidad enológica de las uvas, si bien este efecto fue diverso según los viñedos y el año considerado. Esta práctica determinó mayores contenidos fenólicos en la mayoría de los casos, con incrementos en las concentraciones de antocianos y taninos en las uvas.
Efeito de produtos químicos e naturais sobre o controle de Pratylenchus spp. e Meloidogyne javanica em cana de açúcar
Authors: de Oliveira F. Silva , da Rocha M. Rúbia , Duarte J. Batista , Teixeira R. Andrade , Faleiro V. Oliveira
Published: January 2023

Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de produtos químicos e naturais sobre populações de Pratylenchus spp. e Meloidogyne javanica, na cultura da cana-de-açúcar (Saccharum spp.), variedade RB835486, foi conduzido experimento em campos de produção no Estado de Goiás, Brasil. O delineamento experimental foi o de blocos completos casualizados, em esquema fatorial 5 x 2, em parcelas subdividas, com cinco repetições. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: testemunha, abamectina 0,5 L ha-1, abamectina 1,0 L ha-1, óleo de nim 2,0 L ha-1, aldicarb 150G 12 kg ha-1, todos com e sem aplicação de torta de filtro (30 t ha-1). Avaliações da população dos fitonematóides foram feitas aos dois, quatro, seis e oito meses após o plantio. Foram avaliados também os atributos biométricos e tecnológicos da cultura. Observou-se que o nematicida aldicarb foi eficiente no controle de Pratylenchus spp. e Meloidogyne javanica, apresentando efeito até os quatro meses após aplicação no sulco de plantio. No entanto, aplicado em associação com a torta de filtro sua eficiência foi reduzida. O uso de abamectina e óleo de nim não mostraram nenhum efeito nematicida. A torta de filtro não apresentou efeito nematicida, mas aumentou o número de perfilhos na cana-deaçúcar.
Los componentes del rendimiento, la expresión vegetativa y los indicadores fisiológicos de Vitis vinifera L. cv Merlot en función de la arquitectura de la planta
Authors: Ferrer M. , González-Neves G. , Priore E. , Montaña A. , Carbonneau A.
Published: January 2023

Un estudio de los efectos del sistema de conducción sobre los componentes del rendimiento, la expresión vegetativa, los indicadores fisiológicos y la regulación del agua fue realizado durante los años 2001 a 2004 en la principal zona vitícola del Uruguay. El ensayo fue instalado en un viñedo comercial de la variedad Merlot, injertado sobre SO4. Las plantas están conducidas en Lira y Espaldera alta, podadas a cordón Royat con un número medio de 18 yemas por cepa. Como alternativa se practicó un raleo de racimos en envero con una intensidad del 50 por ciento en relación a las plantas testigo. La Lira registra rendimientos por planta y por hectárea significativamente superiores a los de la Espaldera. La superficie foliar expuesta potencial y la superficie foliar total presenta valores significativamente superiores en la Lira; el peso de poda y el largo de los sarmientos han sido significativamente superiores en la Espaldera. La superficie foliar por kilo de racimo es superior en la Espaldera mientras que los Indicadores Fisiológicos muestran plantas más equilibradas en la Lira. El potencial hídrico foliar de base según los estados fenológicos muestra que la arquitectura en Lira para los años de estudio se sitúa en rangos de estrés moderado siendo significativamente más bajos que los de la Espaldera. La arquitectura de la planta tiene una influencia determinante sobre los componentes del rendimiento, la expresión vegetativa y la regulación del agua. La conducción en Lira se presenta como una herramienta pertinente para regular el agua, y obtener rendimientos superiores manteniendo plantas más equilibradas. Globalmente este sistema presenta ventajas comparativas para la variedad Merlot implantada en las condiciones agroecológicas en la zona delimitada climáticamente ISA1 IHA3 IFA2 de Uruguay.
Parámetros de calidad de carne en cinco músculos de novillos Holando durante la maduración post-mortem: I. Calidad instrumental
Authors: Franco J. , Feed O. , Bianchi G. , Garibotto G. , Ballesteros F. , Nan F. , Percovich M. , Piriz M. , Bentancur O.
Published: January 2023

Se estudió el efecto del tipo de músculo: Gluteo biceps (GB), Longissimus dorsi (LD) Psoas mayor (PS), Semimembranosus (SM) y Semitendinosus (ST), sobre la calidad instrumental de la carne de 20 novillos Holando de 2 años, durante cuatro períodos de maduración al vacío (1, 7, 14 y 21 días). La mayor luminosidad (L*) se registró al día 21 de maduración y en el músculo ST frente a los demás. EL índice de rojo (a*), índice de amarillo (b*), índice de cromaticidad: (C*) y tono: (H*), manifestaron un aumento hasta el día 14, para luego al día 21, retornar a valores similares al del día 7 (P ≤ 0,001). Se evidenció interacción entre tipo de músculo x tiempo de maduración (P≤ 0,0001). Los valores más altos de C* y H* se registraron a los 14 días de maduración, obteniéndose las siguientes clasificaciones en orden descendente para C*: SM = LD > ST = GB = PS y para H*: SM = LD > ST = GB > PS (P ≤ 0,001). En promedio, la carne más dura se registró en el músculo GB (5,70 ± 0,11 kg.), mientras que las más tiernas fueron las del PS (3,10 ± 0,11 kg) y del LD (3,51 ± 0,11 kg). La carne del ST (4,6 ± 0,11 kg) y SM (4,5 ± 0,11 kg) alcanzaron valores medios (P ≤ 0,001). La tasa de ablandamiento relativa (textura inicial - textura final)/textura inicial X 100) fue máxima para LD (27 %) y mínima para PS (10,7%); (P = 0,09). Los valores de terneza más bajos se registraron a partir de los 14 días, evidenciándose los efectos más notables en la primera semana de maduración.
Parámetros de calidad de carne en cinco músculos de novillos Holando durante la maduración post- mortem: III. Calidad sensori
Authors: Franco J. , Feed O. , Bianchi G. , Garibotto G. , Ballesteros F. , Nan F. , Percovich M. , Piriz M. , Bentancur Piriz
Published: January 2023

Se estudió el efecto del tipo de músculo: Psoas (PS) Longissimus dorsi (LD), Semimembranosus (SM), Semitendinosus (ST), y Gluteo bíceps (GB) y del tiempo de maduración post-mortem (1, 7, 14, y 21 días), sobre la calidad sensorial de la carne de novillos Holando. Los consumidores establecieron un ranking entre músculos, que -en orden decreciente - fue el siguiente: PS > LD > ST > SM >GB; registrándose mejoras en la nota asignada conforme se prolongó la maduración (21 días >14 días = 7 días > 1 día), No obstante, la interacción tipo de músculo x tiempo de maduración resultó altamente significativa (P ≤ 0,0001). Los músculos ST y GB necesitaron los mayores períodos de maduración estudiados (21 días) para mejorar las valoraciones en terneza (4,85 en día 1 vs. 5,79 en día 21 y 2,97 en día 1 vs. 3,67 en día 21, para ST y GB, respectivamente; P≤ 0,001), mientras que los músculos LD y SM mejoraron significativamente su terneza a los 7 días de maduración (5,59 en día 1 vs. 7,12 en día 7 y 3,55 en día 1 vs. 4,54 en día 7, para LD y SM, respectivamente; P≤ 0,0001). El músculo PS obtuvo los mayores valores de terneza ya al día 1 de maduración, no evidenciando efectos significativos posteriores. Como contraparte, el músculo GB mostró las notas más bajas en terneza, sin mejoras en calidad de sabor y aceptabilidad general a lo largo de la maduración. Estos resultados sugieren la posibilidad de implementar diferentes estrategias de conservación y por tanto una ecuación costo-beneficio que variará en función del tipo de corte considerado.
Aplicación de la Metodología Q como herramienta para evaluar capital social en proyectos de extensión universitaria
Authors: Rossi Rodríguez V. , Gravina Tejera V. , de Hegedüs Hetzel P.
Published: January 2023

Este artículo presenta resultados de una investigación de tipo evaluativa, cuyo objetivo general es aportar conocimiento sobre la construcción de capital social en procesos de extensión orientados al desarrollo rural. El dispositivo de investigación utilizado fue el estudio de caso, para evaluar los efectos de la intervención realizada durante seis años en la Zona Guichón (Paysandú) por el Programa Integral de Extensión universitaria. Se utilizó una técnica de investigación innovadora denominada Metodología Q, que permite entender las subjetividades desde el punto de vista de las propias personas. Como resultado fueron extraídos tres tipos de subjetividad o «maneras de ver el mundo» de productores familiares ganaderos. Las mismas agrupan diferentes valoraciones del proyecto y distintos niveles de impacto de sus resultados que a su vez responden a las percepciones de cada grupo de productores sobre la intensidad y calidad de la mejora de capital social alcanzada. Otro resultado de este trabajo es la validación de la metodología Q para evaluar proyectos de extensión orientados al desarrollo rural, en particular aspectos relacionados a capital social.
Biodiversidade de insetos em Pequizeiro (Caryocar brasiliense, Camb.) no cerrado do Estado de Goiás, Brasil
Authors: Ferreira G. A. , Veloso V. da Rocha Santos , Naves R. Veloso , do Nascimento J. L. , Chaves L. J.
Published: January 2023

O pequizeiro é considerado uma planta típica do Cerrado do Brasil Central, predominando sobre as outras no ambiente, com elevada importância para a economia goiana. O objetivo deste trabalho foi estudar a biodiversidade da entomofauna presente nas plantas do pequizeiro em dezesseis populações do Estado de Goiás. Foram avaliadas 313 plantas de pequizeiro, através de visitas com vistoria do terço inferior da planta. Os insetos foram capturados em partes vegetais, com auxílio de rede entomológica ou obtidos no laboratório. O comportamento dos insetos visitantes foi registrado através de observações, descrição e criação em laboratório de algumas espécies com elevada população a campo. Também, foram anotados dados referentes à ocorrência, local de ataque e oviposição e tipo de sintomas. As espécies de insetos com as porcentagens de ocorrência registrados nas diferentes populações de plantas de pequizeiro pertenciam às ordens, respectivamente: Hemiptera (25,64 %), Coleoptera (17,95 %), Lepidoptera (16,67 %), Hymenoptera (15,39 %), Diptera (11,54 %), Orthoptera (6,41 %), Neuroptera (2,56 %), Isoptera (1,28 %), Thysanoptera (1,28 %), Psicoptera (1,28 %). As espécies encontradas com maior freqüência nas dezesseis populações de pequizeiro foram: Eulechriops sp. (100 %), Edessa rufomarginata (100 %), Rhodoneura intermedia (100 %), Atta laevigatta (100 %), Eunica bechina (93,75 %), Lyriomisia sp. (93,75 %) e Phydotricha erigens (81,75 %). As espécies Thagona tibiali, A. laevigatta, R. intermedia, Carmenta sp., E. rufomarginata e E. bechina podem ser consideradas potenciais pragas do pequizeiro no Cerrado do Estado de Goiás, devido aos danos causados as plantas. Estudos posteriores são necessários para entender a dinâmica de populações destes insetos e suas relações com o hospedeiro nas diferentes eco-regiões do Cerrado goiano.
Estimación de los coeficientes de tanque «A» para calcular la evapotranspiración del cultivo de referencia en la zona sur del Uruguay
Authors: Puppo L. , García Petillo M.
Published: January 2023

El objetivo del trabajo fue estimar localmente los coeficientes de tanque (Kp) para calcular la evapotranspiración del cultivo de referencia según Penman-Monteith modificado por FAO (ETo PM-FAO). Se utilizó una serie de datos climáticos correspondiente a 34 años (1975-2008) de la Estación Experimental INIA Las Brujas (EELB), representativa de la zona sur del país. Los años pares se usaron para calibrar un Kp para cada mes y para cada año (Kpcalibrado) y los años impares se usaron para su validación. Se probaron cuatro métodos de estimación de la ETo, mediante el producto de la evaporación mensual (Eo) por distintos coeficientes Kp (ETo = Eo x Kp). Los coeficientes Kp evaluados fueron: Kp-FAO; Kp-Corsi; Kp-calibrado y Kp calculado como el promedio de los Kp-calibrados obtenidos en el período octubre-abril. Para evaluar el ajuste de los cuatro métodos se hizo la comparación de los valores de ETo estimados a partir del valor de Eo mensual de los años impares y sus respectivos Kp con el método patrón (ETo PM-FAO) para los mismos años, mediante la prueba t de Student para datos apareados (α= 0,05). El uso del Kp calibrado dio la mejor estimación de la ETo PM-FAO. El Kp obtenido fue 0,71 y su utilización durante toda la estación de riego permitió una buena estimación para la zona sur del país. El empleo de este coeficiente único para corregir el dato de evaporación de tanque es una herramienta simple, fácil de adoptar por los productores y constituye una buena estimación de la ETo.
Comparación de las cinéticas de liberación de N-NH3 in vitro y de la degradación ruminal del N de la urea protegida, urea y subproductos agroindustriales
Authors: Marichal M. de J. , Trujillo A. I. , Guerra M. H. , Carriquiry M. , Piaggio L.
Published: January 2023

Se compararon cinéticas de liberación de N-NH3 y degradación ruminal del N, de urea cubierta por polímeros biodegradables (urea protegida), urea, harina de girasol, harina de soja, gluten meal y farelo de cervecería deshidratado. La liberación de N-NH3 se estudió in vitro, incubando (fluido ruminal+solución nutritiva) muestras durante 0, 0,5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12 y 24 h. La degradación ruminal se estudió in situ, incubándose (2, 4, 12, 24, 48 y 72h; dos períodos) bolsas en ovinos fistulados. Urea y urea protegida mostraron el N-NH3 más elevado (P < 0,001), registrando urea protegida valores menores (P<0,05) hasta las 12 h, igualándose (P = 0,17) a las 24 h. En rumen, urea protegida mostró la mayor (P><0,001) tasa de liberación (kd) de N (3,62 h-1), desapareciendo 95% del N total en la primera hora mostrando un comportamiento diferente al esperado. Lavado a máquina y temperatura de secado (60º C) de las bolsas, pudieron alterar la cubierta de la urea. Por esto, se midió desaparición de MS de urea protegida incubada in situ en bolsas lavadas mecánica o manualmente, y secadas a 39 o 60º C. Con lavado mecánico desapareció más (P><0,001) MS, tendiendo a ser menores (P = 0,07) las perdidas de MS a 39º C. Nuevamente, se evaluó in situ la urea protegida (lavado manual; secado: 39º C), registrándose menor (P><0,001) kd (1,59 h-1) y máxima desaparición de N (91%) 8 h post-incubación. En urea protegida el N estuvo disponible en rumen más lentamente que en urea pero más rápidamente que en los subproductos.> <0,05) hasta las 12 h, igualándose (P = 0,17) a las 24 h. En rumen, urea protegida mostró la mayor (P <0,001) tasa de liberación (kd) de N (3,62 h-1), desapareciendo 95% del N total en la primera hora mostrando un comportamiento diferente al esperado. Lavado a máquina y temperatura de secado (60º C) de las bolsas, pudieron alterar la cubierta de la urea. Por esto, se midió desaparición de MS de urea protegida incubada in situ en bolsas lavadas mecánica o manualmente, y secadas a 39 o 60º C. Con lavado mecánico desapareció más (P <0,001) MS, tendiendo a ser menores (P = 0,07) las perdidas de MS a 39º C. Nuevamente, se evaluó in situ la urea protegida (lavado manual; secado: 39º C), registrándose menor (P <0,001) kd (1,59 h-1) y máxima desaparición de N (91%) 8 h post-incubación. En urea protegida el N estuvo disponible en rumen más lentamente que en urea pero más rápidamente que en los subproductos.
Evaluación de impacto económico en explotaciones familiares: una tipología según criterios de subjetividad
Authors: Figari M. , Gravina V. , de Hegedus P.
Published: January 2023

La evaluación del desempeño económico de las explotaciones agropecuarias en Uruguay y en otros países se realiza utilizando los indicadores económicos clásicos (Ingreso Neto, Margen Bruto, Rentabilidad). Estos indicadores han resultado poco adecuados para analizar el funcionamiento económico de explotaciones familiares de pequeña escala, debido a la falta de información para calcularlos y a su escasa compatibilidad con la racionalidad económica del productor familiar. Hay antecedentes que sugieren además que la evaluación subjetiva (percepción) realizada por los productores no siempre es consistente con la evaluación surgida de los indicadores cuantitativos. No obstante, hay pocos estudios que hagan referencia a indicadores concretos que contemplen las valoraciones subjetivas que realizan los productores. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue identificar y caracterizar tipos de subjetividad económica, y sugerir indicadores de evaluación de impacto que contemplen las características de subjetividad identificadas. El trabajo fue realizado en el año 2007, en el marco de un proyecto de desarrollo rural implementado en Paysandú, Uruguay. Como resultado de un análisis factorial realizado mediante la metodología Q se identificaron nueve grupos de racionalidad económica que fueron caracterizados en base al concepto de representación social. En función de rasgos comunes a varios grupos se establecieron categorías más generales de subjetividad económica y se propusieron indicadores para evaluar impacto. Se extrajeron conclusiones sobre los distintos tipos de subjetividad económica, su representatividad y su utilidad, y sobre los vínculos que es posible establecer entre el tipo de criterios de éxito, estrategias y prácticas de gestión preferidos, y los estereotipos dominantes.
Establishment of micropropagation and cell suspension culture conditions on Achyrocline flaccida (Weinm.) DC. (Asteraceae)
Authors: Bonnecarrère V. , Berná L. , Castillo A.
Published: January 2023

Achyrocline flaccida (Weinm.) DC. (Asteraceae) is a medicinal plant species, commonly known as yellow marcela. It is a rich source of flavonoids and other secondary metabolites with antioxidant properties. Their inflorescences are used as remedies in folk medicine for the treatment of a variety of human ailments. In fact, the permanence of this species is threatened by the increased interest of medicinal herb collectors. Thus, techniques which could provide vegetative propagated material for commercial use are necessary, and in vitro-propagation is a valuable method for producing large numbers of genetically uniform, pathogen-free plants in a short time. Moreover, the production of Achyrocline secondary metabolites is crucial for research and commercial large scale production since they are controllable systems and easy to scale up. Besides productive aims, cell culture suspensions are valuable tools to investigate metabolic pathways involved in secondary metabolites synthesis and to discover new bioactive molecules. The aims of this study were the optimization of a method to propagate in vitro plant of A. flaccida and the establishment of cell suspension cultures to determine the optimal culture conditions in order to improve cell growth as a first step toward secondary metabolites production. It was concluded that DKW without growth regulators is the optimal medium for micropropagation of this species. Friable callus formation was optimized in MS supplied with 0.5 mg L-1 2,4-D while cell suspensions were better obtained and maintained in DKW supplied with 1mg L-1 2,4-D.
Feromonas sexuales para el control de la polilla del tomate Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lep., Gelechiidae)
Authors: Núñez P. , Zignago A. , Paullier J. , Núñez S.
Published: January 2023

Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gellechiidae) es una importante plaga del cultivo de tomate. Su control recae exclusivamente en el uso de plaguicidas, y muchos han perdido efectividad, probablemente por problemas de resistencia. Las feromonas sexuales son utilizadas eficientemente para controlar varias plagas, en el caso de T. absoluta, existen escasos antecedentes al respecto. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de las feromonas en la alteración del comportamiento de machos en invernáculos. En la primera etapa se determinó que la duración de la atracción de emisores de caucho natural formulados con 0,2 mg de feromona por emisor, fue de al menos 105 días. Posteriormente se evaluó el efecto sobre el comportamiento de machos adultos de dos densidades de emisores (16.000 y 32.000 por hectárea), y el agregado de una superficie adhesiva en el emisor como factor de mortalidad. La eficiencia de los tratamientos se determinó en función de la reducción de capturas de adultos en trampas de feromonas y trampas de hembras vírgenes. Las densidades de emisores evaluadas redujeron significativamente las capturas de adultos en trampas, siendo esta reducción más importante en la densidad más alta. El agregado de una sustancia adhesiva no mejoró la efectividad. Finalmente, en un invernáculo comercial de 1.000 m2 , se instalaron 3.200 emisores, registrándose una reducción de capturas casi total respecto al testigo, siendo superior al 96 % hasta los 78 días y cayendo a 92 % a los 106 días de su instalación. Estos resultados demuestran que las feromonas sexuales afectan el comportamiento de machos y pueden ser una herramienta importante para el control de esta plaga.
REGUŁA ZARACHOWANIA ŚWIADCZENIA Z ART. 451 § 3 KODEKSU CYWILNEGO A ROSZCZENIE PRZEDAWNIONE
Authors: Adamczyk Igor
Published: January 2023

This article deals with the question whether it is possible in the process of the imputation of payment to take into account the time-barred debts. The aim is to contribute to the Polish legal discussion, which is basically limited to dogmatic considerations, by formulating a solution based on historical and comparative legal arguments. Therefore, the article describes the origins of the rule of imputation and the purpose of this institution, with particular focus on the Roman law and the views of the legal doctrine and jurisprudence in the selected European legal systems.
KARA ŚMIERCI W REPUBLICE BIAŁORUŚ – ASPEKTY KONSTYTUCYJNE, KARNOPRAWNE I WYKONAWCZE
Authors: Laskowska Katarzyna
Published: January 2023

This paper tackles the problem of death penalty in Belarus which is a notyetanalyzed topic in the Polish literature. This problem seems to be important since Belarus remains the only European country where death sentences are imposed and carried out. The author describes the law regulations and possible results included in the Criminal Code and the Criminal Enforcement Code of the Republic of Belarus. In particular, emphasized are the assumptions against the international law, very wide scope of adjudication, inhumane way of execution, and limited access to information. Some possible actions undertaken to amend the death penalty law in Belarus are also discussed.
W SPRAWIE TAJEMNICY DZIENNIKARSKIEJ I ZASAD ZWALNIANIA Z TEJ TAJEMNICY. UWAGI POLEMICZNE
Authors: Sowiński Piotr Krzysztof
Published: January 2023

Journalistic secrecy is the cornerstone of the journalistic profession and the foundation of media freedom. In the Polish legal system, the source of journalistic secrecy is Art. 15 of the Press Law. However, this right of the journalists – apart from data protecting informants – is not absolute. Exemption is provided for in Art. 180 § 2 of the Criminal Procedure Code, as well as in Art. 261 § 2 of the Civil Procedure Code and Art. 83 § 2 of the Administrative Procedure Code. Exemption from journalistic secrecy in a criminal trial can only be granted by a court, and only if it is necessary in the interests of justice and there is no other evidence that could be used to replace the journalist’s testimony. This text contains polemical comments in relation to Journalistic secrecy and exemption rules published in “Studia Iuridica” 2021, Vol. 7.
DEFINICJA PRAWNA WARTOŚCI RYNKOWEJ W TEORII I PRAKTYCE WYCENY NIERUCHOMOŚCI W POLSCE
Authors: Źróbek Sabina , Renigier-Biłozor Małgorzata , Walacik Marek
Published: January 2023

The authors of this paper emphasize the need for an in-depth analysis of the definition of property market value. In Polish law methods of property valuation is regulated predominantly by the Act on real estate management, the Regulation of the Council of Ministers on real estate valuation and preparation of a valuation report, and by two acts on taxation – on civil law transactions and on tax on personal income. It has been shown that the terms used in these regulations, such as “market value”, “price”, “comparable property”, cause interpretational problems. This is evidenced in court ruling, in the literature of the subject, and in the interpretations published by the organizations of professional property valuers. Based on the research results, as well as on the real estate valuation theory and practice, the authors offer recommendations for changes in the legal regulations, restoration of the original rank of professional real estate valuation standards, and the establishment of a new type of value. The rationale behind these proposals is care for quality of valuation and elimination of at least a limited number of appeals against the estimated market value of the properties.
SKARGA NADZWYCZAJNA – DOPEŁNIENIE SYSTEMU OCHRONY PORZĄDKU KONSTYTUCYJNEGO
Authors: Dobrowolski Marek , Stępkowski Aleksander
Published: January 2023

The article discusses the deficit of legal remedies allowing for the judicial review of the constitutionality of final court’s judgments. The deficit resulting from the narrow scope of the constitutional complaint as administered by the Constitutional Tribunal under the Art. 79 of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland, has been considerably reduced since 2018. The constitutional complaint allows only challenging unconstitutional statutory provisions upon which a challenged judgment was issued. This does not allow challenging a judgment that was issued in breach of the Constitution itself, if it was based on statutory provisions, which are perfectly conformant to the Constitution. This narrow scope of the constitutional complaint provoked much of criticism and the call for broadening it, so as to it encompassed a judgment itself and not only its statutory base. The paper argues that such an amendment has been already implemented in substantial dimension, without modification of the scope of the constitutional complaint. The said substantial supplementation took place through the introduction of the new extraordinary review, which started to be administered by the Supreme Court in 2018. The paper argues that extraordinary review is a form of a specific constitutional review applicable to judicial decisions. Together with the constitutional complaint, the extraordinary complaint makes the system of protection of constitution and the constitutional rights substantially much more comprehensible. While the constitutional complaint provides review of the general and abstract statutory provisions, the extraordinary complaint provides the same for specific and individual judgments.
NAUKA O PRAWIE A PRAWO O NAUCE. DWIE FERALNE RECENZJE "PROPAGANDY BEZPRAWIA" JAROSŁAWA KUISZA
Authors: Giaro Tomasz
Published: January 2023

A Polish Law on higher education and science (ustawa z dnia 20.07.2018 r. Prawo o szkolnictwie wyższym i nauce, Art. 221), since recently in force, imposes a curious prohibition which resembles the medieval legal theory of evidence. Namely, it stipulates that if two (out of four) reviews of a habilitation dissertation are negative, the commission (which consists of seven members) is not allowed to formulate a positive vote. The question is discussed in reference to the habilitation dissertation of Jarosław Kuisz "Propaganda bezprawia".
Impact of experiential marketing on customer loyalty: the mediating role of customer satisfaction in the modern trade supermarkets in the Western Province of Sri Lanka
Authors: W. D. Sehani  , B. S. Hettiarachchy
Published: January 2023

Purpose: Marketers need to be agile and differentiate the offer from the competition in order to attract customers in the dynamic marketplace. Due to the intense competition, businesses should concentrate on acquiring and keeping customers by using creative marketing strategies like Experiential Marketing (EM). This is the same for the retailing sector, where it is critical for retailers to be more creative by redefining themselves as experienced producers rather than service providers. In a country with a diverse culture like Sri Lanka, the current study fills an empirical gap that exists in the literature.

Design/methodology/approach: With special reference to the modern trade supermarkets in the Western Province in Sri Lanka, this study aims to evaluate the impact of EM on Customer Loyalty (CL) through the mediating impact of Customer Satisfaction (CS). The study follows a deductive approach and a sample of 375 respondents was selected from the population to participate in the survey based on the convenience sampling technique. Through the use of a self-administered questionnaire, data were gathered and a regression model and Sobel test were carried out in SPSS to test the hypotheses.

Findings: Finally, the results demonstrated that there is a significant direct impact from EM to CL. Further, it indicates the indirect impact created through the mediation effect of CS is higher than the direct impact which indicates CS mediates the relationship between EM and CL.

Originality: This study fills the empirical gap that exists in the literature.

Implications: The findings of the study can be utilized to create plans for raising customers’ CL level in the modern trade retail sector through assessed CS, which will ultimately increase the competitiveness of modern trade retail businesses.  

 Key words: Customer Loyalty, Customer Satisfaction, Experiential Marketing, Modern Trade Super Markets
MULTIMEDIA CORPUS “EVERYONE HAS THEIR OWN WAR”: CONCEPTION, ANNOTATION, AND PROSPECTS
Authors: Strashko Iryna V.
Published: January 2023

The paper focuses on the conception of multimedia corpus “Everyone has their own war”, its marking up with ELAN software, the system of tiers, and types of tasks that can be solved with the help of this corpus. The spoken corpus will contain recordings of semi-directive audio interviews in Ukrainian / Russian presented in audio and text formats, and translations of the recordings into English and French, designed and annotated with ELAN software employment.

The practical result of the work is the creation of an annotation system that explicitly and visually represents the phenomena of speech. Each sample / pattern of original speech is annotated on both lexical and morphological levels. The format of the transcript of oral discourse and a markup by tiers provides the possibility of processing the presented language material. Moreover, at different tiers, there is both purely linguistic information and information of another level – marks about the emotional component, and the selection of non-verbal phenomena.

The next stage of the project aims to correct the existing errors, to improve the system of multi-level annotation and then to integrate all the materials (audio, text and annotation files) into a corpus.

It is expected that as a result the multimedia corpus will be used not only for linguistic research, but also as a source of educational material and a base for both studying and teaching, in particular the Ukrainian language in its sound form, in teaching translation, etc. Since it is assumed that the corpus is dynamic, the collection of materials continues on a regular basis. The further task of the corpus development is to increase its volume and ensure its gender and age balance. Yet another task is to expand the geography of the corpus by including speech recordings made in different regions of Ukraine. Along with contributing to the development of corpus-based research, corpus creation itself will become a chronicle of modern sociolinguistic stratification of Ukrainian society. Therefore, it can also serve as an informative source for studying the individual experience of the events of the Russian-Ukrainian war.