bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short communication. Influence of storage temperature on the viability of sweet cherry pollen
Authors: Alburquerque N. , García Montiel F. , Burgos L.
Published: May 2014

The conditions to store sweet cherry pollen of six cultivars ("Brooks", "Cristobalina", "Marvin", "New Star", "Ruby" and "Somerset") for a long period of time were studied. Pollen samples were stored at 4 deg C or -20 deg C and were taken at 7, 15, 30, 60, 90, 180, 270, 365 or 540 days of storage for all cultivars (with the exception of "Somerset" at 30 days). "Cristobalina" showed the highest pollen germination (over 60%). For the rest of cultivars, maximum pollen germination ranged from 36% to 44%. Pollen viability was completely lost for most cultivars after only 60 days of storage at 4 drg C. However, percentages of germinated pollen in all cultivars were not different from the control after one year of storage at -20 deg C, with the exception of "New Star" and "Marvin" that showed a reduction in pollen germination. Storage for periods longer than one year at -20 deg C produced a decrease in pollen viability with the exception of "Cristobalina" and "Somerset" pollen that maintained similar viability at all times. Results indicate that pollen viability could be maintained at reasonably high percentages after storage at -20 deg C during one year for all cultivars studied.
Predictors of Gleason score upgrading in patients with prostate biopsy Gleason score ≤6
Authors: Sarici Hasmet , Telli Onur , Yigitbasi Orhan , Ekici Musa , Ozgur Berat Cem , Yuceturk Cem Nedim , Eroglu Muzaffer
Published: May 2014

Introduction: The discrepancy between prostate biopsy and prostatectomy Gleason scores is common. We investigate the predictive value of prostate biopsy features for predicting Gleason score (GS) upgrading in patients with biopsy Gleason scores ≤6 who underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP). Our aim was to determine predictors of GS upgrading and to offer guidance to clinicians in determining the therapeutic option.Methods: We performed a retrospective study of patients who underwent RRP for clinically localized prostate cancer at 2 major centres between January 2007 and March 2013. All patients with either abnormal digital examination or elevated prostate-specific antigen at screening underwent transrectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy. Variables were evaluated among the patients with and without GS upgrading. Our study limitations include its retrospective design, the fact that all subjects were Turkish and the fact that we had a small sample size.Results: In total, 321 men had GS ≤6 on prostate biopsy. Of these, 190 (59.2%) had GS ≤6 concordance and 131 (40.8%) had GS upgrading from ≤6 on biopsy to 7 or higher at the time of the prostatectomy. Independent predictors of pathological upgrading were prostate volume <40 cc (p < 0.001), maximum percent of cancer in any core (p = 0.011), and >1 core positive for cancer (p < 0.001).Conclusions: When obtaining an extended-core biopsy scheme, patients with small prostates (≤40 cc), greater than 1 core positive for cancer, and an increased burden of cancer are associated with increased risk of GS upgrading. Patients with GS ≤6 on biopsy with these pathological parameters should be carefully counselled on treatment decisions.
Largest pheochromocytoma reported in Canada: A case study and literature review
Authors: Ambati Druvtej , Jana Kunal , Domes Trustin
Published: May 2014

Most giant pheochromocytomas do not present with classic symptoms, as documented by published case reports. Given this, clinicians have to consider a wide differential diagnosis for any retroperitoneal mass and perform screening tests to rule out a pheochromocytoma. We describe the largest pheochromocytoma reported in Canada, where the patient presented with a palpable abdominal mass and dyspnea. The 19 × 18 × 12-cm right retroperitoneal mass was biochemically active and was radiologically and pathologically consistent with a giant pheochromocytoma. We present this case and review the relevant current literature.
Multi-Soliton Solutions and Interaction for a Generalized Variable- Coefficient Calogero–Bogoyavlenskii–Schiff Equation
Authors: Xue Long , Gao Yi-Tian , Zuo Da-Wei , Sun Yu-Hao , Yu Xin
Published: May 2014

In this paper, a generalized variable-coefficient Calogero-Bogoyavlenskii-Schiff equation is investigated. Based on the Bell polynomials and an auxiliary variable, bilinear forms of such an equation are obtained. One-, two-, and three-soliton solutions are given through the Hirota method and symbolic computation. N-soliton solutions are also constructed. Multi-soliton interaction and propagation are investigated and illustrated: (i) properties of the multi-soliton interaction on different planes in space depend on the forms of the only variable coefficient; (ii) positions of the solitons change when the wave numbers have the reverse signs.
Optimal Campaign Strategies in Fractional-Order Smoking Dynamics
Authors: Zeb Anwar , Zaman Gul , Jung Il Hyo , Khan Madad
Published: May 2014

This paper deals with the optimal control problem in the giving up smoking model of fractional order. For the eradication of smoking in a community, we introduce three control variables in the form of education campaign, anti-smoking gum, and anti-nicotive drugs/medicine in the proposed fractional order model. We discuss the necessary conditions for the optimality of a general fractional optimal control problem whose fractional derivative is described in the Caputo sense. In order to do this, we minimize the number of potential and occasional smokers and maximize the number of ex-smokers. We use Pontryagin’s maximum principle to characterize the optimal levels of the three controls. The resulting optimality system is solved numerically by MATLAB.
Analyses of S-Box in Image Encryption Applications Based on Fuzzy Decision Making Criterion
Authors: Rehman Inayatur , Shah Tariq , Hussain Iqtadar
Published: May 2014

In this manuscript, we put forward a standard based on fuzzy decision making criterion to examine the current substitution boxes and study their strengths and weaknesses in order to decide their appropriateness in image encryption applications. The proposed standard utilizes the results of correlation analysis, entropy analysis, contrast analysis, homogeneity analysis, energy analysis, and mean of absolute deviation analysis. These analyses are applied to well-known substitution boxes. The outcome of these analyses are additional observed and a fuzzy soft set decision making criterion is used to decide the suitability of an S-box to image encryption applications.
A Systematic Investigation on Magnetism and Phase Stability of Cobalt
Authors: Kuang Fang-Guang , Kuang Xiao-Yu , Kang Shu-Ying
Published: May 2014

Using the first-principles plan-wave pseudo-potential method, a systematic investigation on structural property, magnetism, and pressure-induced phase transitions of cobalt is carried out. Cobalt with our hcp (α), fcc (β), bcc (γ), and epsilon (ε) phases both in ferromagnetic (FM) and nonmagnetic (NM) states is considered. Issues of fitting equation of states in the energy volume data points containing magnetism are discussed. Our results reveal two stable phase transition points, namely, from FM β-phase to FM a-phase at -28:2 GPa and from FM a-phase to NM β-phase at 123:7 GPa, which are consistent with previous experimental predictions. The meta-stable magnetic transformation points from FM to NM state for a, b, and e structures are 135:7 GPa, 84:0 GPa, and 168:7 GPa, respectively. Furthermore, both FM γ-phase and FM ε-phase undergo a meta-stable transformation to NM b-phase at 25:0 GPa and 42:3 GPa, respectively.
Acacetin-7-rutinoside from Buddleja lindleyana, a New Molluscicidal Agent against Oncomelania hupensis
Authors: Han Bang-xing , Chen Jun
Published: May 2014

Buddleja lindleyana is a medicinally important member of the family Loganiaceae distributed in Eastern China. The plant has been used in different traditional medications for the treatment of various diseases. Acacetin-7-rutinoside was isolated from the n-butanol fraction of fresh B. lindleyana leaves and found to be a new molluscicidal agent against the snail Oncomelania hupensis. The structure of acacetin-7-rutinoside was elucidated based on spectral data, including 1H NMR and 13C NMR
Příležitosti k učení: odlišná/různá pojetí konceptu a jeho výzkumné využití
Authors: Knecht P.
Published: May 2014

Cílem přehledové studie je vymezit příležitosti k učení jako teoretický koncept,představit vybrané metody a techniky, které jsou ke zkoumání příležitostí nejčastějivyužívány, a následně porovnat rozdíly v obsahovém vymezování příležitostík učení v ČR a v USA, odkud tento koncept pochází. V první části studie je představenhistorický vývoj přístupů vymezování obsahu příležitostí k učení od 60. let 20. stoletído současnosti. Zpočátku byly příležitosti k učení nazírány jako teoretická kategorieadresující problém vztahu obsahu výuky a obsahových požadavků (standardizovaných)testů, příp. kurikulárních dokumentů. Později se obsahové vymezení koncepturozšířilo směrem ke zkoumání školních i mimoškolních faktorů souvisejících s učebnímivýsledky žáků. V druhé části příspěvku jsou popsány pokusy o operacionalizacipříležitostí k učení včetně příkladů výzkumných nástrojů používaných k jejich zkoumání.Studie na vybraných výzkumech ukazuje, že koncept příležitostí k učení v zahraničízastřešuje především komplexnější výzkumy založené na analýze vztahu mezivyučováním a učením s cílem poskytovat informace o makrorovině či mezoroviněškolského systému. To kontrastuje s pojetím příležitostí k učení převládajícím u nás,kde příležitosti k učení bývají především prezentovány jako teoretické východiskok realizaci mikroanalýz výuky na úrovni analýzy výukových situací.
Organizational Reintegration and Trust Repair after an Integrity Violation: A Case Study
Authors: Gillespie Nicole , Dietz Graham , Lockey Steve
Published: May 2014

This paper presents a holistic, contextualised case study of reintegration and trust repair at a UK utilities firm in the wake of its fraud and data manipulation scandal. Drawing upon conceptual frameworks of reintegration and organizational trust repair, we analyze the decisions and actions taken by the company in its efforts to restore trust with its stakeholders. The analysis reveals seven themes on the merits of proposed approaches for reintegration after an integrity violation (including open investigations, accurate explanations, apologies, penance, and systemic reforms), and novel insights on the role of organizational identity, “changing of the guard” and cultural reforms alongside procedural modifications. The case further supports the dynamic nature of stakeholder salience across the reintegration process. The study both supports propositions from existing frameworks and suggests novel theoretical extensions for future research.
Responsabilidade política e a visão do outro em "Anderswo unterwegs", um conto de Aysel Özakin
Authors: Mathias Dionei
Published: May 2014

Este artigo pretende analisar o conto "Anderswo unterwegs" que integra a coletânea Das Lächeln des Bewußtseins, publicada em 1985 pela escritora Aysel Özakin. O interesse central deste artigo recai sobre o exame do papel da responsabilidade política e da visão do outro na concepção das personagens e sua apropriação da realidade intradiegética. Para isso, serão diferenciados três espaços nos quais a interação das personagens têm lugar: a pátria e os problemas da ditadura, o exílio e o novo contexto social, por fim, a intimidade e as dificuldades de diálogo. Esses espaços são concebidos como círculos que se estendem, aumentando o grau de responsabilidade e a necessidade de atentar ao outro.
Uma leitura de Maus – a história de um sobrevivente
Authors: Umbach Rosani Ketzer , Gerhardt Carla Carine
Published: May 2014

Por meio da história em quadrinhos de Art Spiegelman, Maus: a história de um sobrevivente, que recria fatos reais do ambiente totalitarista alemão da Segunda Guerra Mundial, pretendemos rela­cionar alguns dos aspectos que promovem uma leitura crítica acerca do tema. Para tanto, destacam-se elementos como a própria história que serve de base à narrativa, seu contexto, os fatos sociais, a proje­ção da subjetividade sobre o relato testemunhal e suas implicações, aspectos psicológicos e, igualmente importante, a estrutura do texto (antropomorfismo, multimodalidade). Essas relações esclarecem como fatos históricos foram e ainda são tratados na literatura.
Apresentação da Edição
Authors: Ourique João Luis Pereira , Calegari Lizandro Carlos , Umbach Rosani Ketzer
Published: May 2014

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/1679849X13676
Maternal hepatitis B and infant infection among pregnant women living with HIV in South Africa
Authors: Hoffmann Christopher J , Mashabela Fildah , Cohn Silvia , Hoffmann Jennifer D , Lala Sanjay , Martinson Neil A , Chaisson Richard E
Published: May 2014

Introduction

Globally, hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is the leading cause of liver‐related mortality. Newborn vaccination, maternal antiviral therapy and administering hepatitis B immune globulin shortly after birth can greatly reduce the risk of perinatal and infant infection. However, evidence‐based policy regarding these interventions in Africa is hampered by gaps in knowledge of HBV epidemiology. We describe maternal chronic hepatitis B (CHB) prevalence and infant infection during the first year of life within a cohort of women living with HIV.

Methods

We recruited and prospectively followed pregnant women living with HIV and their infants from prenatal clinics in an urban area of South Africa. Hepatitis B surface antigen, anti‐hepatitis B surface antibodies and HBV DNA were assessed in all women. Hepatitis B testing was also performed at 6 and 52 weeks for all infants born to mothers with either positive surface antigen or detectable HBV DNA.

Results

We enrolled 189 women with a median age of 29 years and median CD4 count of 348 cells/mm3. Fourteen had a positive surface antigen (7.4%), of which six were positive for “e” antigen. An additional three had detectable HBV DNA without positive surface antigen. One infant developed CHB and three others had evidence of transmission based on positive HBV DNA assays. HBV vaccinations were delivered at six weeks of life to all infants.

Conclusions

Our findings highlight the risk of peripartum HBV transmission in this setting. Approaches to reducing this transmission should be considered.
Local variations of bulk hydrogen and chlorine‐equivalent neutron absorption content measured at the contact between the Sheepbed and Gillespie Lake units in Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, using the DAN instrument onboard Curiosity
Authors: Litvak M. L. , Mitrofanov I. G. , Sanin A. B. , Lisov D. , Behar A. , Boynton W. V. , Deflores L. , Fedosov F. , Golovin D. , Hardgrove C. , Harshman K. , Jun I. , Kozyrev A. S. , Kuzmin R. O. , Malakhov A. , Milliken R. , Mischna M. , Moersch J. , Mokrousov M. , Nikiforov S. , Shvetsov V. N. , Stack K. , Starr R. , Tate C. , Tret'yakov V. I. , Vostrukhin A. ,   the MSL Team
Published: May 2014

Data gathered with the Dynamic Albedo of Neutron (DAN) instrument onboard rover Curiosity were analyzed for variations in subsurface neutron flux and tested for possible correlation with local geological context. A special DAN observation campaign was executed, in which 18 adjacent DAN active measurements were acquired every 0.75–1.0 m to search for the variations of subsurface hydrogen content along a 15 m traverse across geologic contacts between the Sheepbed and Gillespie Lake members of the Yellowknife Bay formation. It was found that several subunits in Sheepbed and Gillespie Lake could be characterized with different depth distributions of water‐equivalent hydrogen (WEH) and different chlorine‐equivalent abundance responsible for the distribution of neutron absorption elements. The variations of the average WEH at the top 60 cm of the subsurface are estimated at up to 2–3%. Chlorine‐equivalent neutron absorption abundances ranged within 0.8–1.5%. The largest difference in WEH and chlorine‐equivalent neutron absorption distribution is found between Sheepbed and Gillespie Lake.
The rock abrasion record at Gale Crater: Mars Science Laboratory results from Bradbury Landing to Rocknest
Authors: Bridges N. T. , Calef F. J. , Hallet B. , Herkenhoff K. E. , Lanza N. L. , Le Mouélic S. , Newman C. E. , Blaney D. L. , de Pablo M. A. , Kocurek G. A. , Langevin Y. , Lewis K. W. , Mangold N. , Maurice S. , Meslin P.‐Y. , Pinet P. , Renno N. O. , Rice M. S. , Richardson M. E. , Sautter V. , Sletten R. S. , Wiens R. C. , Yingst R. A.
Published: May 2014

Ventifacts, rocks abraded by wind‐borne particles, are found in Gale Crater, Mars. In the eastward drive from “Bradbury Landing” to “Rocknest,” they account for about half of the float and outcrop seen by Curiosity's cameras. Many are faceted and exhibit abrasion textures found at a range of scales, from submillimeter lineations to centimeter‐scale facets, scallops, flutes, and grooves. The drive path geometry in the first 100 sols of the mission emphasized the identification of abrasion facets and textures formed by westerly flow. This upwind direction is inconsistent with predictions based on models and the orientation of regional dunes, suggesting that these ventifact features formed from very rare high‐speed winds. The absence of active sand and evidence for deflation in the area indicates that most of the ventifacts are fossil features experiencing little abrasion today.
Better measurements unlock new ice sheet mass loss estimates
Authors: Wendel JoAnna
Published: May 2014

Understanding the dynamics of the world's glaciers is integral to predicting global sea level rise in response to climate change. Greenland's rapidly shrinking ice sheet is a major factor of future sea level rise, but scientists are still unsure how much each component of the ice sheet's changes—surface accumulation, melting and runoff, and changes in ice discharged from the outlet of the glaciers draining into the ice sheet—is contributing to sea level rise.
The vertical structure of the circulation and dynamics in Hudson Shelf Valley
Authors: Lentz Steven J. , Butman Bradford , Harris Courtney
Published: May 2014

Hudson Shelf Valley is a 20–30 m deep, 5–10 km wide v‐shaped submarine valley that extends across the Middle Atlantic Bight continental shelf. The valley provides a conduit for cross‐shelf exchange via along‐valley currents of 0.5 m s−1 or more. Current profile, pressure, and density observations collected during the winter of 1999–2000 are used to examine the vertical structure and dynamics of the flow. Near‐bottom along‐valley currents having times scales of a few days are driven by cross‐shelf pressure gradients setup by wind stresses, with eastward (westward) winds driving onshore (offshore) flow within the valley. The along‐valley momentum balance in the bottom boundary layer is predominantly between the pressure gradient and bottom stress because the valley bathymetry limits current veering. Above the bottom boundary layer, the flow veers toward an along‐shelf (cross‐valley) orientation and a geostrophic balance with some contribution from the wind stress (surface Ekman layer). The vertical structure and strength of the along‐valley current depends on the magnitude and direction of the wind stress. During offshore flows driven by westward winds, the near‐bottom stratification within the valley increases resulting in a thinner bottom boundary layer and weaker offshore currents. Conversely, during onshore flows driven by eastward winds the near‐bottom stratification decreases resulting in a thicker bottom boundary layer and stronger onshore currents. Consequently, for wind stress magnitudes exceeding 0.1 N m−2, onshore along‐valley transport associated with eastward wind stress exceeds the offshore transport associated with westward wind stress of the same magnitude.
Transient pore pressure response to confining stress excursions in Berea sandstone flooded with an aqueous solution of CO2
Authors: Crews Jackson B. , Cooper Clay A.
Published: May 2014

We measured the pore pressure response due to carbon dioxide (CO2) gas bubble nucleation and growth in a Berea sandstone core flooded with an initially subsaturated aqueous solution of CO2, in response to a rapid drop in confining stress, under conditions representative of a confined aquifer. A portion of the CO2 in the Earth's crust, derived from volcanic, magmatic, and biogenic sources, dissolves in groundwater. Sudden reductions in confining stress in the Earth's crust occur due to dilational strain generated by the propagation of seismic Rayleigh and P waves, or aseismic slip in the near field of earthquakes. A drop in confining stress produces a proportional drop in pore fluid pressure. When the pore fluid contains dissolved CO2, the pore pressure responds to a drop in confining stress like it does in the dissolved gas‐free case, until the pore pressure falls below the bubble pressure. Gas bubble nucleation and diffusive growth in the pore space trigger spontaneous, transient buildup of the pore fluid pressure, and reduction of effective stress. We measured the rate of pore fluid pressure buildup in the 100 s immediately following the confining stress drop, as a function of the saturation with respect to CO2 at the lowest pore pressure realized during the confining stress drop, using five different CO2 partial pressures. The rate scales with the saturation with respect to dissolved CO2, from 10 kPa/min at 1.25 to 166 kPa/min at 1.8. The net pore pressure rise was as large as 0.7 MPa (100 psi) over 5 h.
Hollingworth,Leta S. (1886–1939)
Authors: MacArthur Heather , Shields Stephanie A.
Published: May 2014

Leta S. Hollingworth (1886–1939) is a figure of major importance in the history of clinical psychology, educational psychology, and the psychology of women. She was among the leaders of the movement to professionalize the field of clinical psychology, and greatly advanced society's understanding of intellectually gifted children. She was also a front‐runner of the feminist movement in psychology, writing on social factors that shaped and limited women's lives and challenging what she viewed as scientific misconceptions about women's abilities and intellectual potential.
Robins, Eli (1921–94)
Authors: Rosner Rachael I.
Published: May 2014

Eli Robins (1921–1994) was a psychiatrist whose criteria for establishing valid psychiatric diagnoses became the backbone of the

DSM‐III

. Robins is also known as one of the neo‐Kraepelinians, an influential “invisible college” of psychiatrists in the 1970s who pushed against psychoanalysis to make psychiatry a full medical science.
Repressed Memories
Authors: Davis Deborah , Loftus Elizabeth
Published: May 2014

Among the most controversial topics in modern psychology has been that of whether memories of traumatic life events can be repressed, pushed out of conscious awareness and inaccessible to the victim for long periods of time but nevertheless be “recovered” and remembered accurately years or decades later. Critics have argued against the phenomenon of repression, focusing upon the potential for suggestive influences and procedures to produce false memories of abuse and other autobiographical events. Those arguing for the validity of repression and recovery of traumatic memories have been practicing therapists largely. Those contesting the phenomenon of repression and arguing for the potential to create false memories for traumatic events have been memory and clinical scientists largely. Efforts of each side to provide convincing evidence to the other have almost completely failed, although widespread demonstrations of the capacity of common clinical memory “recovery” procedures to induce false memories have inspired greater caution in some segments of the therapeutic community.
Item Response Theory
Authors: Reise Steven P.
Published: May 2014

Item response theory (IRT) methods are alternatives to classical test theory (CTT) approaches to scale construction, analysis, and scoring. A differentiating feature ofIRTmodeling is the estimation of a mathematical function that relates individual differences on a continuous latent variable to the propensity to respond to a scale item (e.g., respond correctly to a multiple‐choice aptitude item, or respond in category 3 on a five‐point ordered rating scale). Commonly appliedIRTmodels appropriate for dichotomous and polytomous item response data are described. Assumptions underlying these models and interpretation of indices derived from model parameters are presented. Finally, popular applications ofIRTmodels, such as computerized adaptive testing, are summarized.
Errors/Biases in Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Lilienfeld Scott O. , Lynn Steven Jay
Published: May 2014

Clinicians are subject to the same errors in thinking that affect virtually all people. In particular, practitioners must be wary of (a) the misuse of certain heuristics (e.g., availability, representativeness) and (b) cognitive biases (e.g., confirmation bias, hindsight bias) in their everyday work. Fortunately, research has begun to identity ways of overriding these errors and thereby enhancing the quality of clinical judgments and predictions.
Variational Pragmatics
Authors: Barron Anne
Published: May 2014

Variational pragmatics is the study of how language use varies within one language as a result of such macrosocial factors as region, gender, age, ethnic identity, and socioeconomic class. The entry sketches the field of variational pragmatics, introducing the framework and methodologies employed to date before then turning to the social relevance of variational pragmatic research, implications for the classroom and possible future developments in the area.
Indirect adaptive control of nonlinear system via dynamic multilayer neural networks with multi‐time scales
Authors: Zheng Dong‐Dong , Fu Zhi‐Jun , Xie Wen‐Fang , Luo Wei‐Dong
Published: May 2014

This paper deals with adaptive nonlinear identification and trajectory tracking problem via dynamic multilayer neural network with different time scales. By means of a Lyapunov‐like analysis, we determine stability conditions for the on‐line identification. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed for trajectory tracking with consideration of the modeling error and disturbance. The main contributions of the paper lie in the following aspects. First, we extend our prior identification results of single‐layer dynamic neural networks with multi‐time scales to those of multilayer case. Second, the e‐modification in standard use in adaptive control is introduced in the on‐line update laws to guarantee bounded weights and bounded identification errors. Third, the potential singularity problem in controller design is solved by using new update laws for the NN weights so that the control signal is guaranteed bounded. The stability of proposed controller is proved by using Lyapunov function. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Aligned Polythiophene and its Blend Film by Direct‐Writing for Anisotropic Charge Transport
Authors: Lu Guanghao , Chen Jiayue , Xu Wentao , Li Sijun , Yang Xiaoniu
Published: May 2014

A combination of patterning and film alignment techniques helps to build multi‐order polymer architecture for application in flexible electronics. A direct‐writing method is employed using microcapillary arrays to prepare semiconducting polymer films with both optical and electrical anisotropy. Not only aligned poly(3‐butylthiophene) (P3BT) nanowires in neat P3BT films, but also aligned P3BT nanowires within a polystyrene (PS) matrix are obtained, which yields an aligned semiconductor/insulator polymer blend with anisotropic charge transport. The field‐effect transistor (FET) mobilities/threshold voltages from both vertical and parallel to alignment directions as well as their dependence on blending ratio are studied. The increased mobility of P3BT/PS blends, as compared with neat P3BT, is observed in both vertical and parallel directions. Using this alignment method, FET mobility and threshold voltage of the semiconductor/insulator polymer blends are comprehensively tuned, from which a digital inverter with gain up to 80 is realized. Therefore, this work not only helps understanding the charge transport mechanism in semiconducting/insulating polymer blends, but also provides an effective approach towards high‐performance field‐effect transistors with tunable mobility and threshold voltage.
Anordnung von BaTiO3‐Nanokristallen zu makroskopischen Aerogelmonolithen mit großer Oberfläche
Authors: Rechberger Felix , Heiligtag Florian J. , Süess Martin J. , Niederberger Markus
Published: May 2014

Aerogele sind faszinierende Materialien mit großem Anwendungspotential dank ihrer geringen Dichte und großen Oberfläche. Allerdings ist man noch weit davon entfernt, diese vorteilhafte Morphologie vollständig auszuschöpfen, weil die Vielfalt an verfügbaren Zusammensetzungen begrenzt und die Kristallinität zu niedrig ist. Durch Ersetzen des Sol‐Gel‐Prozesses durch einen partikelbasierten Ansatz wurde eine wichtige Alternative gefunden, um die erreichbaren Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Aerogelen zu vergrößern. Hier beschreiben wir eine Strategie zur kontrollierten Destabilisierung einer konzentrierten BaTiO3‐Nanopartikeldispersion. Dies führt zur Anordnung der vollständig kristallinen Bausteine zu zylindrisch geformten, monolithischen Gelen. Dadurch ist es möglich, die intrinsischen Eigenschaften ternärer Oxide mit der hochporösen Mikrostuktur von Aerogelen zu verbinden. Die produzierten Aerogele zeigen eine beispiellos große Oberfläche von über 300 m2 g−1.
Loading Dynamics of a Sliding DNA Clamp
Authors: Cho Won‐Ki , Jergic Slobodan , Kim Daehyung , Dixon Nicholas E. , Lee Jong‐Bong
Published: May 2014

Sliding DNA clamps are loaded at a ss/dsDNA junction by a clamp loader that depends on ATP binding for clamp opening. Sequential ATP hydrolysis results in closure of the clamp so that it completely encircles and diffuses on dsDNA. We followed events during loading of an E. coli β clamp in real time by using single‐molecule FRET (smFRET). Three successive FRET states were retained for 0.3 s, 0.7 s, and 9 min: Hydrolysis of the first ATP molecule by the γ clamp loader resulted in closure of the clamp in 0.3 s, and after 0.7 s in the closed conformation, the clamp was released to diffuse on the dsDNA for at least 9 min. An additional single‐molecule polarization study revealed that the interfacial domain of the clamp rotated in plane by approximately 8° during clamp closure. The single‐molecule polarization and FRET studies thus revealed the real‐time dynamics of the ATP‐hydrolysis‐dependent 3D conformational change of the β clamp during loading at a ss/dsDNA junction.
Preparation and gas transport properties of dual‐layer polysulfone membranes for high pressure CO2 removal from natural gas
Authors: Ahmad Abdul Latif , Adewole Jimoh Kayode , Leo Choe Peng , Sultan Abdullah S. , Ismail Suzylawati
Published: May 2014

Permeability, sorption, and plasticization behaviors of dual‐layer composite membrane were studied. Polysulfone containing 10.7 wt % glycerol as additive was used for preparing a microporous membrane support. A thin top selective layer was prepared using diethylene glycol dimethyl ether as casting solvent. The overall performance of the membrane was evaluated using Scanning Electron Microscopy, and permeation and sorption tests at pressure up to 50 bar. The prepared membrane displayed high permeability at low pressure which gradually decreased with increase in pressure. Permeability of CO2 was determined to be 84.97 Barrer at 2 bar. Membrane did not show any plasticization tendency up to the experimental pressure of 40 bar. Plasticization pressure and permeability at plasticization pressure were estimated to be 41.07 bar and 6.03 Barrer, respectively. The improved performance of the membrane is associated to the synergistic properties of the two layers prepared from different formulations of the same polymer. Thus, the dual‐layer flat sheet configuration displayed a potential in high pressure CO2 removal from natural gas. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40924.
Removal of hexavalent chromium in wastewater by polyacrylamide modified iron oxide nanoparticle
Authors: Lan Guihong , Hong Xia , Fan Qiang , Luo Bing , Shi Peng , Chen Xiuli
Published: May 2014

Iron oxide nanoparticle has been successfully modified by polyacrylamide and the polyacrylamide modified magnetic nanoparticles (PMMNs) were applied to remove Cr(VI) in wastewater. The vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) spectra indicated the large saturation magnetization and superparamagnetic property of the PMMNs. This made the polyacrylamide modified iron oxide easily separate with liquid phase. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) results showed that both the synthesized iron oxide and the PMMNs were nanoscale. Batch adsorption studies had been carried out to determine the effect of pH, contact time, Cr(VI) initial concentration, and coexisting salts on the adsorption of Cr(VI). Maximum removal (98.30%) was observed from an initial concentration of 100 mg L−1 Cr(VI) at pH 3.0, 30°C. This process followed pseudo‐second‐order kinetics model and the equilibrium time was 40 min. The experimental data fitted the Langmuir isotherm better than Freundlich. Maximum adsorption amount of Cr(VI) by PMMN was 35.186 mg g−1. The effect of coexisting salts on Cr(VI) removal was not apparent even the concentration of salt was 10 times as big as the low concentration, 0.01M. It had been proposed that the mechanism of Cr(VI) uptake onto PMMN was adsorption‐coupled reduction. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2014, 131, 40945.
ChemInform Abstract: New Mn2‐Based Heusler Compounds.
Authors: Kreiner Guido , Kalache Adel , Hausdorf Steffen , Alijani Vajiheh , Qian Jin‐Feng , Shan Guangcun , Burkhardt Ulrich , Ouardi Siham , Felser Claudia
Published: May 2014

The new Heusler compounds Mn2RuGe and Mn2RhGa and the known compound Mn2RuSn are synthesized by inductive melting of the elements in alumina crucibles and characterized by powder XRD and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Dimorphism in La5Ge3and Ce5Ge3? How Exploratory Syntheses Led to Surprising New Finds in the La—Ge and Ce—Ge Binary Phase Diagrams.
Authors: Suen Nian‐Tzu , Bobev Svilen
Published: May 2014

La5Ge3 and Ce5Ge3 are casted and annealed at 600 and 900 °C (2 weeks).
ChemInform Abstract: Ln9Al5Sn10: Aluminum Stannides of the Divalent Rare Earth Elements Yb and Eu. Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Chemical Bonding.
Authors: Lang Britta , Roehr Caroline
Published: May 2014

The isotypic compounds Yb9Al5Sn10 and Eu9Al5Sn10 are prepared by melting of the elements (sealed Ta crucible, 1170 K, cooling rate of 20 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Optimization of the Telluride Tl10‐x‐ySnxBiyTe6 for the Thermoelectric Energy Conversion.
Authors: Kuropatwa Bryan A. , Guo Quansheng , Assoud Abdeljalil , Kleinke Holger
Published: May 2014

The title compounds are prepared from stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (glassy carbon crucibles, 923 K) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, DFT computations, Seebeck coefficient, and electrical and thermal conductivity measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: Theoretical Prediction and Experimental Confirmation of Unusual Ternary Ordered Semiconductor Compounds in Sr—Pb—S System.
Authors: Hao Shiqiang , Zhao Li‐Dong , Chen Chang‐Qiang , Dravid Vinayak P. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G. , Wolverton Christopher M.
Published: May 2014

The existence of new ordered rocksalt‐based compounds SrPb3S4, SrPbS2, and Sr3PbS4 in the title system is predicted by DFT calculations, and experimentally confirmed by TEM and band gap measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: New Ternary La2Sb‐Type Compounds, ScRESb (RE: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb), and the Oxygen Stuffed Variant Sc4Yb4Sb4O.
Authors: Nuss Juergen , Jansen Martin
Published: May 2014

The compounds ScLnSb (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Tb) are prepared by solid state reaction of Sc metal and LnSb (Ta ampules, 1770 K, 36 h and 1520 K, 60 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Alkyne Aminohalogenation Enabled by DBU‐Activated N‐Haloimides: Direct Synthesis of Halogenated Enamines.
Authors: Li Mengru , Yuan Haiyan , Zhao Baozhong , Liang Fushun , Zhang Jingping
Published: May 2014

N‐Haloimides, e.g. (II), (IV), and (VII) are used as both halogen and nitrogen source to achieve the difunctionalization of terminal alkynes (I) and (VI) giving rise to the formation of synthetically useful halogenated enamines (III), (V), and (VIII), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric α‐Hydroxylation of a Lactone with Vinylogous Pyridone by Using a Guanidine—Urea Bifunctional Organocatalyst: Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis of a Key Intermediate for (20S)‐Camptothecin Analogues.
Authors: Watanabe Tatsuya , Odagi Minami , Furukori Kota , Nagasawa Kazuo
Published: May 2014

Application of this method is demonstrated by the synthesis of (+)‐C20‐desethylbenzylcamptothecin (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Synergistic Au/Ga Catalysis in Ambient Nakamura Reaction.
Authors: Xi Yumeng , Wang Dawei , Ye Xiaohan , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Shi Xiaodong
Published: May 2014

The addition of 1,3‐dicarbonyl compounds to unactivated 1‐alkynes is achieved at room temperature using synergistic gold/gallium catalysis.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed gem‐Difluoroolefination of Diazo Compounds with TMSCF3 via C—F Bond Cleavage.
Authors: Hu Mingyou , He Zhengbiao , Gao Bing , Li Lingchun , Ni Chuanfa , Hu Jinbo
Published: May 2014

A novel Cu‐catalyzed gem‐difluoroolefination of diazo compounds is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Regio‐ and Diastereoselective Cu‐Mediated Trifluoromethylation of Functionalized Alkenes.
Authors: Besset Tatiana , Cahard Dominique , Pannecoucke Xavier
Published: May 2014

The copper‐mediated direct β‐trifluoromethylation of different acrylamides is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Autocatalytic One Pot Orchestration for the Synthesis of α‐Arylated, α‐Amino Esters.
Authors: Roche Stephane P. , Samanta Shyam S. , Gosselin Marine M. J.
Published: May 2014

A Novel method for the efficient and versatile synthesis of N‐protected α‐arylated α‐aminocarboxylates via a one‐pot cascade reaction is given.
ChemInform Abstract: NHC‐Pd Complex‐Catalyzed Double Carbonylation of Aryl Iodides with Secondary Amines to α‐Keto Amides.
Authors: Zheng Shuzhan , Wang Yan , Zhang Chunyan , Liu Jianhua , Xia Chungu
Published: May 2014

Due to their lower basicity aromatic amines do not afford the carbonylation products.
ChemInform Abstract: Structure—Activity Relationship of N‐Heterocyclic Carbene—Pd(II)—Imidazole Complexes in Suzuki—Miyaura Coupling Between 4‐Methoxyphenyl Chloride and Phenylboronic Acid.
Authors: Lv Huan , Zhu Lei , Tang Yi‐Qiang , Lu Jian‐Mei
Published: May 2014

A total of 11 NHC‐Pd(II)‐imidazole complexes are synthesized and tested with respect to their catalytic activity.
ChemInform Abstract: Tandem Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Preparation of Aryl and Alkyl Cyclopropyl Carbinols with Three Adjacent Stereocenters Using Perhydrobenzoxazines and Diethylzinc.
Authors: Infante Rebeca , Nieto Javier , Andres Celia
Published: May 2014

The asymmetric ethylation of aldehydes (I) and a subsequent cyclopropanation with in situ generated F3C‐CH2‐O‐Zn‐CH2‐I lead to ethyl cyclopropyl carbinols (IV) with high diastereoselectivity and good enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Synthesis of 3‐Aryl‐5‐chloroindan‐1‐ones via Free Radical—Mediated Intramolecular Cyclization
Authors: Sultan Aeysha , Raza Abdul Rauf
Published: May 2014

of readily available (E)‐enones (III)
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Difluoromethylenative Dearomatization of Phenols.
Authors: Li Yajun , Zhang Lisi , Zhang Li , Wu Yongming , Gong Yuefa
Published: May 2014

A method for the rhodium‐catalyzed intramolecular difluoromethylenative dearomatization of phenols to yield azaspirocyclohexadienones containing an all‐carbon quaternary center is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Stereoselective Epoxidation with H2O2 Catalyzed by Electron‐Rich Aminopyridine Manganese Catalysts.
Authors: Cusso Olaf , Garcia‐Bosch Isaac , Font David , Ribas Xavi , Lloret‐Fillol Julio , Costas Miquel
Published: May 2014

Manganese catalysts of the type of MNN and MNO but with a different substitution pattern on the aromatic rings are synthesized and tested with respect to their catalytic activity in the epoxidation reaction of styrene derivatives and steroids.
ChemInform Abstract: A Simple Route to Functionalized Δ1‐Pyrrolines.
Authors: Zard Samir Z. , Bingham Matilda , Moutrille Cecile
Published: May 2014

The cupric acetate or ferric chloride mediated cyclizations of unsaturated oxime acetates lead to vinyl‐ or chloroalkyl‐substituted pyrrolines in moderate to good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of 2‐N/S/C‐Substituted Benzothiazoles via Intramolecular Cyclative Cleavage of Benzotriazole Ring.
Authors: Kumar Dhananjay , Mishra Bhuwan B. , Tiwari Vinod K.
Published: May 2014

The synthesis of numerous 2‐C/N/S‐substituted benzothiazoles is achieved from substituted thiocarbonylbenzotriazoles via free‐radical intramolecular cyclative cleavage of the benzotriazole ring in the presence of tris(trimethylsilyl)silane and AIBN.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Coupling of Saturated Heterocyclic Sulfonylhydrazones with Boronic Acids.
Authors: Allwood Daniel M. , Blakemore David C. , Brown Alan D. , Ley Steven V.
Published: May 2014

A procedure for the metal‐free coupling of 4‐, 5‐, and 6‐membered saturated heterocyclic sulfonylhydrazones with aryl boronic acids is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: Diastereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Fluoro‐2‐Substituted Piperidines and Pyrrolidines.
Authors: Onomura Osamu , Gichuhi Paul N. , Kuriyama Masami
Published: May 2014

Title compounds are synthesized by electrophilic substitution of cyclic enamines (I) followed by Lewis acid mediated nucleophilic substitution reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Hydroarylation of 1‐Halo‐1‐alkynes: Regioselective Synthesis of Semihydrogenated Aromatic Heterocycles.
Authors: Murase Hirohiko , Senda Kousuke , Senoo Masato , Hata Takeshi , Urabe Hirokazu
Published: May 2014

The title reaction affords effectively 4‐halo1,2‐dihydroquinolines [e.g. (II)], 4‐halo‐3‐chromenes [e.g. (VIII)], or 4‐(halomethylene)chromans [e.g. (XII)] in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkylation of Tetrahydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones with Ethyl Chloroacetate.
Authors: Shiryaev A. K. , Kolesnikova N. G. , Kuznetsova N. M. , Lashmanova E. A.
Published: May 2014

Conditions for the selective S‐alkylation of tetrahydropyrimidine‐2‐thiones (I) with chloroacetate (II) are established that prevent a subsequent cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Enantio‐ and Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Benzazepines by a Multicomponent Strategy Coupled with Organocatalytic and Enzymatic Procedures.
Authors: Moni Lisa , Banfi Luca , Basso Andrea , Galatini Andrea , Spallarossa Martina , Riva Renata
Published: May 2014

Enantiomerically pure 4,5‐dihydro‐1H‐benzo[c]azepines with three contiguous stereogenic centers are assembled with a good control of diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Microtubule‐Stabilizing Agent Ceratamine A.
Authors: Feng Qiguo , Tao Lulu , Liu Zhanzhu
Published: May 2014

Key steps in the synthesis of the title compound are Schmidt rearrangement of the benzimidazole derivative (II) to the azepine (III) and highly economical amination of the 2‐bromoimidazole (IV) giving product (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Oxide Superconductors as Model Systems for Studying Phase Relations, Stoichiometry, Reaction Kinetics, and Unconventional Glass Formability
Authors: Komatsu Takayuki , Sestak Jaroslav
Published: May 2014

Review: 64 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Facet‐Dependent Photocatalytic Properties of TiO2‐Based Composites for Energy Conversion and Environmental Remediation
Authors: Ong Wee‐Jun , Tan Lling‐Lling , Chai Siang‐Piao , Yong Siek‐Ting , Mohamed Abdul Rahman
Published: May 2014

Review: [177 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Initial Organotin Chemistry
Authors: Caseri Walter
Published: May 2014

Review: 38 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Methods of the Synthesis of A‐Seco Derivatives of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids
Authors: Shernyukov A. V. , Salakhutdinov N. F. , Tolstikov G. A.
Published: May 2014

Review: 88 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Thiyl Radical Chemistry by γ‐Irradiation of Micelles and Vesicles Containing Unsaturated Fatty Acids
Authors: Chatgilialoglu Chryssostomos , Ferreri Carla , Lykakis Ioannis N. , Mihaljevic Branka
Published: May 2014

Review: 25 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Long Story of Sensitized One‐Electron Photo‐Oxidation of Methionine
Authors: Ignasiak Marta Teresa , Marciniak Bronislaw , Houee‐Levin Chantal
Published: May 2014

Review: [29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Genesis of Catalysts for Methanol Synthesis
Authors: Khassin Alexander A. , Minyukova Tatyana P. , Yurieva Tamara M.
Published: May 2014

Review: 63 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cycloadditions of Carbonyl Ylides Derived from Diazocarbonyl Compounds
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Labande Agnes H. , Muthusamy Sengodagounder
Published: May 2014

Review: literature up to the end of 2011; 362 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium and Technetium Based Radiopharmaceuticals: Development and Recent Advances
Authors: Juergens Sophie , Herrmann Wolfgang A. , Kuehn Fritz E.
Published: May 2014

Review: 84 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Comprehensive System Integrating 3D and 2D Zeolite Structures with Recent New Types of Layered Geometries
Authors: Roth Wieslaw J. , Gil Barbara , Marszalek Bartosz
Published: May 2014

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Graphdiyne and Graphyne: From Theoretical Predictions to Practical Construction
Authors: Li Yongjun , Xu Liang , Liu Huibiao , Li Yuliang
Published: May 2014

Review: 81 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Symbol Approach for Classification of Molecule‐Based Magnetic Materials Exemplified by Coordination Polymers of Metal Carboxylates
Authors: Zheng Yan‐Zhen , Zheng Zhiping , Chen Xiao‐Ming
Published: May 2014

Review: 140 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: All‐Optical Switching Three Rules of Design
Authors: Kimel Alexey V.
Published: May 2014

Review: 7 refs.
Derivation of Oridonin with Bioreduction‐Responsive Disulfide Bond
Authors: Du Ming , Guo Qisang , Feng Hua , Lu Guolin , Huang Xiaoyu
Published: May 2014

A novel oridonin derivative substituted with 3‐((2,3‐dihydroxypropyl)dithio)‐propionyl group at 14‐O position was synthesized through a two‐step procedure: Esterification of oridonin with 3‐(2‐pyridyldithio)propanoic acid and the subsequent thiol‐disul?de exchange reaction with 3‐mercapto‐1,2‐propanediol. The bioreduction‐responsive disulfide bond in the compound leads to high leaving ability of the 14‐O acyl moiety when treated with glutathione as monitored by reverse phase high‐performance liquid chromatography.