bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bayesian functional emulation of CO2 emissions on future climate change scenarios
Authors: Aiello Luca , Fontana Matteo , Guglielmi Alessandra
Published: July 2023

We propose a statistical emulator for a climate‐economy deterministic integrated assessment model ensemble, based on a functional regression framework. Inference on the unknown parameters is carried out through a mixed effects hierarchical model using a fully Bayesian framework with a prior distribution on the vector of all parameters. We also suggest an autoregressive parameterization of the covariance matrix of the error, with matching marginal prior. In this way, we allow for a functional framework for the discretized output of the simulators that allows their time continuous evaluation.
No Effect of NSAID Use on Efficacy of Zoledronate: A Post Hoc Analysis of a Randomized Trial in Osteopenic Older Women
Authors: Reid Ian R , Horne Anne M , Mihov Borislav , Bastin Sonja , Gamble Gregory D
Published: July 2023

Bisphosphonates are widely used for the prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are also widely used among the older population group at high risk of fractures. NSAIDs have been shown to impact on bone turnover, and a recent reanalysis of a clinical trial of clodronate found that NSAID use at baseline abrogated any effect of clodronate on either bone density (BMD) or fracture risk. To determine whether NSAIDs influence the efficacy of other bisphosphonates, we have reanalyzed our 6-year randomized controlled trial of zoledronate in 2000 osteopenic postmenopausal women. NSAID use was reported at baseline in 38% of the cohort and anytime use was reported by 65%. The evolution of the zoledronate effects on BMD were almost identical whether or not women were using NSAIDs at baseline and were significant in both subgroups at all BMD sites (p < 0.0001). The significant reduction in the risk of fracture in those allocated to zoledronate (p < 0.0001) showed no interaction with baseline use of NSAIDs (p = 0.33) nor with NSAID use at any time during the study (p = 0.28). The odds of fracture were significantly reduced in both NSAID users and nonusers. We conclude that the present analysis provides no support for the suggestion that NSAIDs interfere with the efficacy of potent bisphosphonates in terms of their effects on bone density or fracture. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Response to substance use during hospitalization: A survey study of current and ideal policies and practices
Authors: Huxley‐Reicher Zina , Puglisi Lisa B. , Tetrault Jeanette M. , Weimer Melissa B. , Stellini Meg , Bhandary‐Alexander James , Thomas Kathryn A. , Donroe Joseph H.
Published: July 2023

People may use nonprescribed substances during an acute hospitalization. Hospital policies and responses can be stigmatizing, involve law enforcement, and lead to worse patient outcomes, including patient‐directed discharge. In the United States, there is currently little data on hospital policies that address the use of substances during hospitalization. In this cross‐sectional study, we surveyed clinicians at US hospitals with Accreditation Council of Graduate Medical Education (ACGME)‐accredited addiction medicine fellowships about their current practices and policies and what they would include in an ideal policy. We had 77 responses from 55 out of 86 ACGME‐addiction medicine fellowships (63.9%). Respondents identified policies at 21.8% of the institutions surveyed. Current responses to inpatient substance use vary, though most do not match what clinicians identify as an ideal response. Our results suggest that the use of nonprescribed substances during a hospitalization may be common, but a majority of hospitals likely do not have patient‐centered policies to address this.
A categorical equivalence between logical quantale modules and quantum B‐modules
Authors: Ruan Xianglong , Liu Xiaochuan
Published: July 2023

This paper introduces the notion of logical quantale module. It proves that there is a dual equivalence between the category of logical quantale modules and the category of quantum B‐modules, in the way that every quantum B‐module admits a natural embedding into a logical quantale module, the enveloping quantale module.
11q13.3q13.4 deletion plus 9q21.13q21.33 duplication in an affected girl arising from a familial four‐way balanced chromosomal translocation
Authors: Zhang Qinxin , Wang Yan , Zhou Jing , Zhou Ran , Liu An , Meng Lulu , Ji Xiuqing , Hu Ping , Xu Zhengfeng
Published: July 2023

Background

We describe a 13‐year‐old girl with a 11q13.3q13.4 deletion encompassing the SHANK2 gene and a 9q21.13q21.33 duplication. She presented with pre‐ and postnatal growth retardation, global developmental delay, severe language delay, cardiac abnormalities, and dysmorphisms. Her maternal family members all had histories of reproductive problems.

Methods

Maternal family members with histories of reproductive problems were studied using G‐banded karyotyping and optical genome mapping (OGM). Long‐range PCR (LR‐PCR) and Sanger sequencing were used to confirm the precise break point sequences obtained by OGM.

Results

G‐banded karyotyping characterized the cytogenetic results as 46,XX,der(9)?del(9)(q21q22)t(9;14)(q22;q24),der(11)ins(11;?9)(q13;?q21q22),der(14)t(9;14). Using OGM, we determined that asymptomatic female family members with reproductive problems were carriers of a four‐way balanced chromosome translocation. Their karyotype results were further refined as 46,XX,der(9)del(9)(q21.13q21.33)t(9;14)(q21.33;q22.31),der(11)del(11)(q13.3q13.4)ins(11;9)(q13.3;q21.33q21.13),der(14)t(9:14)ins(14;11)(q23.1;q13.4q13.3). Thus, we confirmed that the affected girl inherited the maternally derived chromosome 11. Furthermore, using LR‐PCR, we showed that three disease‐related genes (TMC1, NTRK2, and KIAA0586) were disrupted by the breakpoints.

Conclusions

Our case highlights the importance of timely parental origin testing for patients with rare copy number variations, as well as the accurate characterization of balanced chromosomal rearrangements in families with reproductive problems. In addition, our case demonstrates that OGM is a useful clinical application for analyzing complex structural variations within the human genome.
De novo drug design based on patient gene expression profiles via deep learning
Authors: Yamanaka Chikashige , Uki Shunya , Kaitoh Kazuma , Iwata Michio , Yamanishi Yoshihiro
Published: July 2023

Computational de novo drug design is a challenging issue in medicine, and it is desirable to consider all of the relevant information of the biological systems in a disease state. Here, we propose a novel computational method to generate drug candidate molecular structures from patient gene expression profiles via deep learning, which we call DRAGONET. Our model can generate new molecules that are likely to counteract disease‐specific gene expression patterns in patients, which is made possible by exploring the latent space constructed by a transformer‐based variational autoencoder and integrating the substructures of disease‐correlated molecules. We applied DRAGONET to generate drug candidate molecules for gastric cancer, atopic dermatitis, and Alzheimer's disease, and demonstrated that the newly generated molecules were chemically similar to registered drugs for each disease. This approach is applicable to diseases with unknown therapeutic target proteins and will make a significant contribution to the field of precision medicine.
Calderón‐Zygmund estimates for higher order elliptic equations from composite material
Authors: Jang Yunsoo
Published: July 2023

We study Calderón‐Zygmund estimates for the weak solution to divergence‐form higher order elliptic equations. We assume that the domain is composed of disjoint subdomains of
‐Reifenberg flat condition and the coefficients are merely measurable in one variable and have small bounded mean oscillation (BMO) in the other variables. Based on our new understanding for the relation between these assumptions and composite material, we establish
estimates for
‐th order elliptic equations.
Error estimates of a two‐grid penalty finite element method for the Smagorinsky model
Authors: Yang Yun‐Bo
Published: July 2023

In the paper, we consider the penalty finite element methods (FEMs) for the stationary Smagorinsky model. Firstly, a one‐grid penalty FEM is proposed and analyzed. Since this method is nonlinear, a novel linearized iteration scheme is derived for solving it. We also derived the stability and convergence of numerical solutions for this iteration scheme. Furthermore, a two‐grid penalty FEM is developed for Smagorinsky model. Under
, this method consist of solving a nonlinear Smagorinsky model by the one‐grid penalty FEM with the proposed linearized iteration scheme on a coarse mesh with mesh width
and then solving a linearized Smagorinsky model based on the Newton iteration on a fine mesh with mesh width
, respectively. Stability and error estimates of numerical solutions for two‐grid penalty FEM are presented. Finally, some numerical tests are provided to confirm the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the developed methods.
Enteral feeding tolerance during pharmacologic neuromuscular blockade
Authors: Dickerson Roland N. , Farrar Julie E. , Byerly Saskya , Filiberto Dina M.
Published: July 2023

A common misperception is that critically ill patients who receive paralytic therapy will not tolerate enteral nutrition. As a result, some clinicians empirically withhold enteral feedings for critically ill patients who receive neuromuscular blocker pharmacotherapy (NMB). The intent of this review is to examine the evidence regarding enteral feeding tolerance for critically ill patients given NMB. Studies evaluating enteral feeding during paralytic therapy are provided and critiqued. Evidence examining enteral feeding tolerance during NMB is limited. Enteral feeding intolerance is more likely attributable to the underlying illnesses and concurrent opioid analgesia, sedation, and vasopressor therapies. Most critically ill patients can be successfully fed during NMB. Prokinetic pharmacotherapy may be warranted in some patients.
The stories of four more process safety legends
Authors: Murphy John , Willey Ronald J. , Baulch Arthur
Published: July 2023

This is the second group of process safety legends that have been selected by the editors of Process Safety Progress (PSP). The first group of process safety legends was reported on in the March 2021 edition of PSP. At that time, the Editorial Board of PSP recommended an article in the journal be dedicated to process safety legends to inspire others working in the field. The editors of PSP decided to continue this recognition of process safety excellence. This second article on process safety legends summarizes the careers of John Herber, Kathy Kas, Louisa Nara, and Ron Willey. Combined they represent 176 years of process safety practice.
Impact of In Situ Oxidation‐Resulted High‐k Passivation Layer on Device Stability and Mobility Improvement
Authors: Dai Xianfu , Jing Yumei , Wu Rongqi , Tang Kui , Liu Xiaochi , Sun Jian
Published: July 2023

The performance of nanoelectronic devices can be significantly improved using high‐k dielectric materials. However, the interface between the gate dielectric and channel can impact the device's stability and performance. To address this issue, a new approach is developed that involves incorporating high‐k dielectric into the channel via in situ oxidation of air‐sensitive 2D materials. Herein, the impact of HfSe2 thermal oxidation on the electrical properties of the MoS2 channel is investigated. The findings demonstrate that incomplete oxidation of HfSe2 on the MoS2 channel introduces significant border traps, leading to device performance degradation. In contrast, complete oxidation of HfSe2 leads to the formation of high‐k HfOx. The MoS2 field‐effect transistors capped by in situ thermally oxidized HfOx show a twofold enhancement in field‐effect mobility and improved gate bias stress stability. These findings suggest that the integration of high‐k dielectrics via in situ oxidation has great potential for high‐performance electronic device applications.
Diurnal variations of the meridional overturning circulations over West Africa during the premonsoon and monsoon seasons
Authors: Huaman Lidia , Schumacher Courtney , Fink Andreas H. , Buttitta Erin
Published: July 2023

Diurnal variations in the shallow and deep meridional overturning over West Africa during the premonsoon (April–May) and monsoon (July–September) seasons were analyzed using ECMWF Reanalysis 5th Generation (ERA5) reanalysis and Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM)/Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite radar data from 1998 to 2019. We found that a daytime sea breeze and two nocturnal low‐level jets have varying impacts on the diurnal cycle of convection and the meridional circulations over West Africa, depending on the season. During the premonsoon, the zonal rain belt is centered over the Gulf of Guinea and the sea breeze initiates intense deep convection (and thus deep overturning) over the coastal region in the afternoon that propagates northward into the early evening. The nocturnal Sahel/Sahara low‐level jet (SLLJ) then drives low‐level convergence into the West African heat low, producing a strong, dry shallow overturning over land at night. During the monsoon, the rain belt is centered over land (N) and the sea breeze is forced by weaker temperature gradients, producing less intense convection that does not propagate as far inland as during the premonsoon. However, organized convection inland maintains deep daytime overturning. At night, a coastal low‐level jet strengthens northward moisture transport from the Gulf of Guinea into the active monsoon region after the sea breeze dissipates, helping maintain convective systems with large stratiform components and continued deep meridional overturning over land. The nocturnal SLLJ still drives low‐level convergence into the West African heat low, but the dry shallow meridional overturning is farther north and weaker than in the premonsoon. While ERA5 winds and moisture‐flux convergence are generally consistent with diurnal variations in the TRMM/GPM
precipitation, ERA5 precipitation is not. The reanalysis indicates significant biases in the timing and magnitude of rainfall over the Gulf of Guinea and West Africa in each season, with the convective and large‐scale rain fields both contributing to the disparate precipitation patterns.
Analysis of spatially coherent forecast error structures
Authors: Gupta Shraddha , Banerjee Abhirup , Marwan Norbert , Richardson David , Magnusson Linus , Kurths Jürgen , Pappenberger Florian
Published: July 2023

Understanding error properties is an essential part in numerical weather prediction. Predictable relationship between errors of different regions due to some underlying systematic or random process can give rise to correlated errors. Estimation of error correlation is crucial for improvement of forecasts. However, the size of the corresponding correlation matrix is larger than what is possible to represent on geographical maps in order to diagnose its full spatial variation. Here, we propose a complex network‐based approach to analyse forecast error correlations that enables us to estimate the spatially varying component of the error. A quantitative study of the spatio‐temporal coherent structures of medium‐range forecast errors of different climate variables using network measures can reveal common sources of errors. Such information is crucial, especially in cases such as the outgoing long‐wave radiation, in which errors are correlated across very long distances, indicating an underlying climate mechanism as the source of the error. We show that the spatial patterns of forecast error co‐variability may not be the same as that of the corresponding climate variable itself, thereby implying that the mechanisms behind the correlated errors may be different from the climate processes responsible for the spatio‐temporal interactions of the climate variable. Our results highlight the importance of diagnosing the full spatial variation of error correlations to understand the origin and propagation of forecast errors, and demonstrate complex networks to be a promising diagnostic tool in this regard.
Exposed: On Shame and Nakedness
Authors: Westerlund Fredrik
Published: July 2023

This article develops a new phenomenological account of the shame people typically tend to feel when seen naked by others. Although shame at nakedness is a paradigmatic and widespread form of shame, it has been under-explored in the literature on shame. The central thesis of the article is that shame at nakedness is rooted in our desire for social affirmation and constituted by our capacity for social self-consciousness. I argue that our ability to sense how others see us and judge us gives rise to a dynamic tension between our effort to control our public self-presentation and the experience of being exposed to others in an uncontrolled manner. What makes us prone to feel shame or shame anxiety at being seen naked is that we feel that we have revealed our naked and true self as potentially or actually shameful and that our public persona has been undermined. Furthermore, the vulnerability and lack of control that are part and parcel of naked exposure can be a source of shame. In my analysis, shame at nakedness encompasses both literal bodily nakedness and other kinds of uncontrolled and unguarded exposure. The article also offers an argument as to the roots of the more or less ubiquitous tendency to feel shame at exhibiting one’s genitals in public. I develop my account through critical engagements with the main contemporary attempts to account for shame at nakedness, critiquing their insufficiencies and reframing their insights.
Motivating children to (pre)monitor: positive effects on monitoring accuracy?
Authors: Wacker Sophie , Roebers Claudia M.
Published: July 2023

When young children evaluate their confidence, their monitoring is often overoptimistic, that is, inaccurate. The present study investigated a potential underlying mechanism for kindergarteners’ and second graders’ overconfidence within a paired associates learning paradigm. We implemented a pre-monitoring phase motivating children to differentially evaluate their confidence for each alternative before children could choose an answer in the subsequent recognition phase. For one, we intended to weaken the influence of one single and prepotently selected memory trace. For another, we motivated and enabled children to evaluate all four answer alternatives concerning their certainty before evaluating their final recognition choice by giving a confidence judgment. We compared monitoring discrimination and monitoring bias with a control condition whose task sequence did not include a pre-monitoring judgment. Contrary to our expectations, the pattern of results indicated that being instructed to pre-monitor did increase and not decrease overconfidence in young children. The present results will be discussed against the background of memory-metamemory interaction, confirmation bias, and methodological issues.
Discovering Distinct Phenotypical Clusters in Heart Failure Across the Ejection Fraction Spectrum: a Systematic Review
Authors: Meijs Claartje , Handoko M. Louis , Savarese Gianluigi , Vernooij Robin W. M. , Vaartjes Ilonca , Banerjee Amitava , Koudstaal Stefan , Brugts Jasper J. , Asselbergs Folkert W. , Uijl Alicia
Published: July 2023

Review Purpose

This systematic review aims to summarise clustering studies in heart failure (HF) and guide future clinical trial design and implementation in routine clinical practice.

Findings

34 studies were identified (n = 19 in HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF)). There was significant heterogeneity invariables and techniques used. However, 149/165 described clusters could be assigned to one of nine phenotypes: 1) young, low comorbidity burden; 2) metabolic; 3) cardio-renal; 4) atrial fibrillation (AF); 5) elderly female AF; 6) hypertensive-comorbidity; 7) ischaemic-male; 8) valvular disease; and 9) devices. There was room for improvement on important methodological topics for all clustering studies such as external validation and transparency of the modelling process.

The large overlap between the phenotypes of the clustering studies shows that clustering is a robust approach for discovering clinically distinct phenotypes. However, future studies should invest in a phenotype model that can be implemented in routine clinical practice and future clinical trial design.

Graphical Abstract

HF = heart failure, EF = ejection fraction, HFpEF = heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFrEF = heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, CKD = chronic kidney disease, AF = atrial fibrillation, IHD = ischaemic heart disease, CAD = coronary artery disease, ICD = implantable cardioverter-defibrillator, CRT = cardiac resynchronization therapy, NT-proBNP = N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide, BMI = Body Mass Index, COPD = Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Non-ionic Fatliquoring and Lubricating Agents Based on Ethoxylated Jojoba Fatty Acids
Authors: Nashy EL -Shahat H. A. , Abo-ELwafa Ghada A. , Aly Saadia M. , Masoud Ragab A. , Elsayed Hamed
Published: July 2023

Jojoba oil is a non-edible oil that has great importance for industrial applications. Naturally fatty acids derivatives were utilized as intermediate feed stocks in many industrial applications to replace harmful and costly petrochemicals. The aim of this work was to utilize jojoba fatty acids through an ethoxylation reaction to obtain natural fatty ethoxylates, which can be used in the preparation of non-ionic surfactants as a stable and good fat-liquoring agent with a harmless and healthy effect to replace the synthetic oil employed. The ethoxylation of fatty acids derived from jojoba oil was carried out using ethylene oxide gas in the presence of potassium carbonate, which is a cheap conventional catalyst, under different conditions to obtain an economical and valuable ethoxylated material. The obtained products were evaluated for their chemical and physical properties as well as their application as a nonionic fatliquoring agent for the chrome-tanned leather industry. The data obtained revealed that the ethoxylation reaction managed to introduce ethylene oxide moles into the fatty acids to obtain a nonionic surfactant. The number of introduced ethylene oxide moles differs depending on the reaction conditions. The ethoxylated jojoba fatty acids products were observed to be good fat-liquors with favorable hydrophile-lipophile balance values, which produce stable oil in water emulsions. Ethoxylated jojoba fatty acids improved the strength properties of fat-liquored leather. Furthermore, a significant improvement in the grain surface of the treated leather was achieved by the prepared ethoxylated fat-liquors evidenced by scanning electron microscopy images. The prepared ethoxylated products proved to be effective fat liquoring agents.

Graphical Abstract
PDHA1 hyperacetylation-mediated lactate overproduction promotes sepsis-induced acute kidney injury via Fis1 lactylation
Authors: An Sheng , Yao Yi , Hu Hongbin , Wu Junjie , Li Jiaxin , Li Lulan , Wu Jie , Sun Maomao , Deng Zhiya , Zhang Yaoyuan , Gong Shenhai , Huang Qiaobing , Chen Zhongqing , Zeng Zhenhua
Published: July 2023

The increase of lactate is an independent risk factor for patients with sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (SAKI). However, whether elevated lactate directly promotes SAKI and its mechanism remain unclear. Here we revealed that downregulation of the deacetylase Sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) mediated the hyperacetylation and inactivation of pyruvate dehydrogenase E1 component subunit alpha (PDHA1), resulting in lactate overproduction in renal tubular epithelial cells. We then found that the incidence of SAKI and renal replacement therapy (RRT) in septic patients with blood lactate ≥ 4 mmol/L was increased significantly, compared with those in septic patients with blood lactate < 2 mmol/L. Further in vitro and in vivo experiments showed that additional lactate administration could directly promote SAKI. Mechanistically, lactate mediated the lactylation of mitochondrial fission 1 protein (Fis1) lysine 20 (Fis1 K20la). The increase in Fis1 K20la promoted excessive mitochondrial fission and subsequently induced ATP depletion, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) overproduction, and mitochondrial apoptosis. In contrast, PDHA1 activation with sodium dichloroacetate (DCA) or SIRT3 overexpression decreased lactate levels and Fis1 K20la, thereby alleviating SAKI. In conclusion, our results show that PDHA1 hyperacetylation and inactivation enhance lactate overproduction, which mediates Fis1 lactylation and exacerbates SAKI. Reducing lactate levels and Fis1 lactylation attenuate SAKI.
Plasticity of circulating tumor cells in small cell lung cancer
Authors: Seo Jiyoun , Kumar Mihir , Mason Jeremy , Blackhall Fiona , Matsumoto Nicholas , Dive Caroline , Hicks James , Kuhn Peter , Shishido Stephanie N.
Published: July 2023

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an aggressive neuroendocrine tumor with low five-year survival rates. Recently described molecular phenotypes of SCLC exhibit differential vulnerabilities heralding potential for stratified treatment. Whilst tumor biopsy in SCLC is challenging, circulating tumor cells in the liquid biopsy are prevalent and can be repeatedly sampled accommodating the dynamic plasticity of SCLC phenotypes. The aim of this study was to characterize the heterogeneity of rare circulating cells with confirmed tumor origin and to explore a liquid biopsy approach for future clinical trials of targeted therapies. This study applied the 3rd generation of a previously validated direct imaging platform to 14 chemo-naive SCLC patients and 10 non-cancerous normal donor (ND) samples. Phenotypic heterogeneity of circulating rare cells in SCLC was observed and a patient-level classification model was established to stratify SCLC patients from non-cancerous donors. Eight rare cell groups, with combinations of epithelial, endothelial, and mesenchymal biomarker expression patterns, were phenotypically characterized. The single-cell genomic analysis confirmed the cancer cell plasticity in every rare cell group harboring clonal genomic alterations. This study shows rare cell heterogeneity and confirms cellular plasticity in SCLC providing a valuable resource for better opportunities to discover novel therapeutic targets in SCLC.
A novel colorimetric biosensor for rapid detection of dengue virus upon acid-induced aggregation of colloidal gold
Authors: Cam Duyen Vo Thi , Van Toi Vo , Van Hoi Truong , Truong Phuoc Long
Published: July 2023

The specific binding between the DNA-conjugated AuNPs and RNA target results in the formation of a DNA–RNA heteroduplex that turns the color of AuNPs from ruby red to blue due to the aggregation of AuNPs, which can be detected by the naked eye.
Total syntheses of macleanine and lycoposerramine-S
Authors: Okuyama Masahiro , Umekubo Nariyoshi , Akimoto Kenta , Shimizu Takahisa , Kubokoya Kazuhiro , Nakajima Nagayasu , Nishiyama Yoshitake , Yokoshima Satoshi
Published: July 2023

Total syntheses of fawcettimine-class Lycopodium alkaloids having an imino bridge between C5 and C13 were accomplished via the formation of a bridgehead imine.
γ-Thiobutyrolactone – ethylene carbonate decarboxylative copolymerization, an original pathway to prepare aliphatic oxidizable poly(γ-thioether ester)
Authors: Mongkhoun Emma , Guégan Philippe , Illy Nicolas
Published: July 2023

ROS-sensitive poly(thioether-alt-ester) with a low percentage of carbonate unit were synthesized by copolymerization of thiobutyrolactone and ethylene carbonate.
The Effect of the Drug Bio Root Plus on the Yield and Quality of Root-Related Seedlings when Propagated by Shortened Lignified
Authors: Magomadov A. S. , Titova L. A. , Maistrenko T. A.
Published: July 2023

The materials and results of research on the use of Bio Root Plus, produced in France, the effect of which has not been studied in the cultivation of grape seedlings, are presented. For the first time, the degree of influence of the drug on the regenerative activity of shortened grape cuttings was established with the industrial technology of growing seedlings using mulching polyethylene film and drip irrigation in the school. The regulations for the use of Bio Root Plus have been developed. The main research was carried out in the conditions of LLC “Agrovin - Sultan” of the Shelkovsky district of the Chechen Republic. The most developed root system in seedlings is formed when the cuttings are treated with Bio Root Plus at a concentration of 0.5%. In this variant, the best results were obtained in terms of growth – 100.7 cm versus 69.7 cm in the control. The ripening of shoots at the same time was 90.3%, and in the control only 70%. The leaf surface area was noted in this variant of 1200 cm2, which is 234 cm2 more than the control and 88 cm2 more than when treated with heteroauxin. The highest yield of seedlings of 385 pieces per 1 hectare was obtained when Bio Root Plus was processed at a concentration of 0.5%, which is more than when used in the production of heteroauxin by 13,000 pieces. The highest profitability – 317.9% was obtained in the same variant, and 64.1% less when treated with heteroauxin. The conducted studies allow us to recommend the preparation of Bio Root Plus in a concentration of 0.5% in the production of root-related seedlings.
A Multi-Mode System for Myocardial Functional and Physiological Assessment during Ex Situ Heart Perfusion
Authors: Duignan Thomas , Guariento Alvise , Doulamis Ilias P. , Kido Takashi , Regan William L. , Saeed Mossab , Hoganson David M. , Emani Sitaram M. , del Nido Pedro J. , McCully James D. , Matte Gregory S.
Published: July 2023

Ex situ heart perfusion (ESHP) has proven to be an important and valuable step toward better preservation of donor hearts for heart transplantation. Currently, few ESHP systems allow for a convenient functional and physiological evaluation of the heart. We sought to establish a simple system that provides functional and physiological assessment of the heart during ESHP. The ESHP circuit consists of an oxygenator, a heart–lung machine, a heater–cooler unit, an anesthesia gas blender, and a collection funnel. Female Yorkshire pig hearts (n = 10) had del Nido cardioplegia (4°C) administered, excised, and attached to the perfusion system. Hearts were perfused retrogradely into the aortic root for 2 hours before converting the system to an isovolumic mode or a working mode for further 2 hours. Blood samples were analyzed to measure metabolic parameters. During the isovolumic mode (n = 5), a balloon inserted in the left ventricular (LV) cavity was inflated so that an end-diastolic pressure of 6–8 mmHg was reached. During the working mode (n = 5), perfusion in the aortic root was redirected into left atrium (LA) using a compliance chamber which maintained an LA pressure of 6–8 mmHg. Another compliance chamber was used to provide an afterload of 40–50 mmHg. Hemodynamic and metabolic conditions remained stable and consistent for a period of 4 hours of ESHP in both isovolumic mode (LV developed pressure: 101.0 ± 3.5 vs. 99.7 ± 6.8 mmHg,p= .979, at 2 and 4 hours, respectively) and working mode (LV developed pressure: 91.0 ± 2.6 vs. 90.7 ± 2.5 mmHg,p= .942, at 2 and 4 hours, respectively). The present study proposed a novel ESHP system that enables comprehensive functional and metabolic assessment of large mammalian hearts. This system allowed for stable myocardial function for up to 4 hours of perfusion, which would offer great potential for the development of translational therapeutic protocols to improve dysfunctional donated hearts.
International Pediatric Perfusion Practice: 2016 Survey Results
Authors: Walcƶak Ashley , Klein Thomas , Voss Jordan , Olshove Vincent , Gupta Rajeev , Averina Tatiana , Caneo Luiz , Groom Robert
Published: July 2023

New cardiopulmonary bypass device techniques emerge and are reported in the scientific literature. The extent to which they are actually adopted into clinical practice is not well known. Since 1989, we have periodically surveyed pediatric cardiac centers to ascertain practice patterns. In December 2016, a 186-question perfusion survey was distributed to pediatric cardiac surgery centers all over the world using a Web-based survey tool. Responses were received from 93 North American (NA) centers (the United States and Canada) and 67 non–NA (NNA) centers, representing 19,645 cumulative annual procedures in NA and 27,776 in NNA centers on patients <18 years. Wide variation in practice was evident across geographic regions. However, the most common pediatric circuit consisted of a hard-shell (open) venous reservoir, an arterial roller pump, and a hollow-fiber membrane oxygenator with a separate or integrated arterial filter. Compared with our previous surveys, there was increased utilization of all types of safety devices. The use of an electronic perfusion record was reported by 50% of NA centers and 31% of NNA centers. There was wide regional variation in cardioplegia delivery systems and cardioplegia solutions. Seventy-nine percent of the centers reported the use of some form of modified ultrafiltration. The survey demonstrated that there remains variation in perfusion practice for pediatric patients. Future surveys will be useful to evaluate the adoption of emerging perfusion practice guidelines.
A Novel Method to Safely De-Air a HeartWare System in a Single-Ventricle Patient by Utilizing ECMO and a Minimized CPB Circuit
Authors: Robb Tiffany M. , Denison Blake , Mizrahi Michelle , Owens Richard , Fraser Charles D.
Published: July 2023

The survival of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients with single-ventricle (SV) physiology has markedly increased as a result of advances in operative techniques and postsurgical management. Nonetheless, these patients remain highly susceptible to end-stage heart failure requiring cardiac replacement therapies at early ages. Given a worldwide shortage of transplantable organs, mechanical circulatory support (MCS) represents an alternative treatment option. The significant heterogeneity of the SV population presents unique indications for MCS that have begun to be evaluated. This case study describes a 12-year-old female with heterotaxy syndrome and an SV condition, previously palliated with a Fontan operation at another institution. The patient was placed on veno-arterial (VA) extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) during prolonged cardiopulmonary resuscitation, and later underwent HeartWare ventricular assist device (HVAD) implantation as a bridge to transplantation (BTT). A novel method was chosen to optimize careful de-airing of the heart through a minimized cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) setup, during full ECMO support and surgical insertion of the HeartWare. The ascending aorta was vented proximal to the HVAD outflow graft anastomosis through a minimized CPB circuit at <10% of the ECMO flow rate. This circuit adaption allowed for euvolemic resuscitation via connection from the minimized CPB circuit to the venous limb of the ECMO circuit. The transition from VA-ECMO to the HeartWare was well tolerated despite a challenging sternotomy and cardiac anomaly. A minimized bypass circuit proved efficacious for the benefit of volume resuscitation and safe de-airing of the HVAD while on ECMO support. The literature is limited concerning safe practices for implantation of durable VADs in complex SV patients coupled with those transitioning from varying modalities of MCS. As SV survivability regresses to heart failure, it is essential that we share techniques that aim to improve the long-term outcomes for successful BTT or bridge to decision (BTD).
Técnica de Dunn modificada no escorregamento da epífise femoral proximal com instabilidade: Experiência unicêntrica de médio prazo
Authors: Vallim Frederico Coutinho de Moura , Cruz Henrique Abreu da , Silva Carlos Francisco Bittencourt , Abreu Caroline Sandra Gomes de , Rodrigues Ricardo Carneiro , Cunha Marcio Garcia
Published: July 2023

Objetivo Avaliar a segurança e a reprodutibilidade da cirurgia para escorregamento da epífise femoral proximal (EEPF) com instabilidade por meio da técnica de Dunn modificada em uma coorte unicêntrica no Brasil.

Métodos Analisamos de forma retrospectiva uma coorte de pacientes submetidos a esse procedimento por um único cirurgião especialista em preservação do quadril. Avaliamos os dados demográficos e os ângulos radiográficos quanto ao risco relativo (RR) de necrose avascular (NAV) por meio do modelo de regressão log-binomial com efeitos simples e aleatórios.

Resultados Entre os 30 pacientes (30 quadris) com idade média de 11,79 anos no momento da cirurgia, havia 17 meninos e 18 quadris esquerdos. O procedimento ocorreu em média 11,5 dias após o escorregamento. O tempo médio de acompanhamento foi de 38 meses. O ângulo de Southwick pré-operatório foi, em média, de 60,69° contra 4,52° após o procedimento (p < 0,001). O maior ângulo de escorregamento pré-operatório foi associado ao desenvolvimento de NAV (RR: 1,05; intervalo de confiança de 95% [IC95%]: 1,02–1,07; p < 0,01). A frequência geral de NAV foi de 26,7%. De acordo com a Escala de Quadril de Harris (Harris Hip Score), a função foi boa ou excelente em 86% dos quadris sem complicações, e ruim em 87,5% dos casos com NAV. Não houve relação estatística entre sangramento epifisário e desenvolvimento de NAV (p = 0,82).

Conclusão A técnica de Dunn modificada restaura o alinhamento femoral e a função articular após o EEPF com instabilidade na ausência de complicações. Além disso, mostrou-se passível de reprodução em nossa população, com frequência de necrose da cabeça femoral de 26%.
Theory and simulation of the force-free equilibria in the EAST-CTI
Authors: Huang Y Q , Kong D F , Xia T Y , Ye Y , Tan M S , Zhang S B , Zhao Z H , Meng F W , Zhuang G , Lan T , Zhang D Z , Dong Q L , Tan Y , Li B , Liu H B
Published: July 2023

Compact torus injection (CTI) is a novel approach to fueling the core of a fusion reactor. In this paper, the force-free equilibrium based on the EAST-CTI is calculated. It is found that the

α

, which is proportional to the ratio of the toroidal current to the toroidal magnetic field, plays a key role for the force-free equilibrium. When it is smaller than the eigenvalue, the open poloidal magnetic flux decreases while the magnetic field strength increases as its value increases. However, once

α

equals the eigenvalue, the amplitude of the magnetic field tends to infinity and the boundary magnetic field is tangential to the wall. In addition, in this work we found that the eigenvalue is mainly determined by the width of the formation region, enlarging the width will significantly reduce the eigenvalue and further affecting the compact torus (CT) formation. Another interesting phenomenon in this work is that the poloidal magnetic field plays a hindering role in the formation of CT, and theoretically, CT is difficult to detach from the forming region when

α

′

α

′

∼

J

p

/

B

p

is less than the threshold

α

c

. In experiments, we show that a discharge with

α

′

<

α

c

leads to an increased delay between the onset of the current in the acceleration and formation regions. These findings provide some guidance for the carrying out of the experiments and future modifications of the device.
A surface mechanism for O3 production with N2 addition in dielectric barrier discharges
Authors: Meyer Mackenzie , Foster John , Kushner Mark J
Published: July 2023

Ozone, O3, is a strong oxidizing agent often used for water purification. O3 is typically produced in dielectric barrier discharges (DBDs) by electron-impact dissociation of O2, followed by three-body association reactions between O and O2. Previous studies on O3 formation in low-temperature plasma DBDs have shown that O3 concentrations can drop to nearly zero after continued operation, termed the ozone-zero phenomenon (OZP). Including small (<4%) admixtures of N2 can suppress this phenomenon and increase the O3 production relative to using pure O2 in spite of power deposition being diverted from O2 to N2 and the production of nitrogen oxides, N
x
O
y
. The OZP is hypothesized to occur because O3 is destroyed on the surfaces in contact with the plasma. Including N2 in the gas mixture enables N atoms to occupy surface sites that would otherwise participate in O3 destruction. The effect of N2 in ozone-producing DBDs was computationally investigated using a global plasma chemistry model. A general surface reaction mechanism is proposed to explain the increase in O3 production with N2 admixtures. The mechanism includes O3 formation and destruction on the surfaces, adsorption and recombination of O and N, desorption of O2 and N2, and NO
x
reactions. Without these reactions on the surface, the density of O3 monotonically decreases with increasing N2 admixture due to power absorption by N2 leading to the formation of nitrogen oxides. With N-based surface chemistry, the concentrations of O3 are maximum with a few tenths of percent of N2 depending on the O3 destruction probability on the surface. The consequences of the surface chemistry on ozone production are less than the effect of gas temperature without surface processes. An increase in the O3 density with N-based surface chemistry occurs when the surface destruction probability of O3 or the surface roughness was decreased.
Simulation research on surface growth process of positive and negative frequency detuning chromium atom lithographic gratings
Authors: Yin 尹 Zhi-Jun 志珺 , Tang 唐 Zhao-Hui 朝辉 , Tan 谭 Wen 文 , Xiao 肖 Guang-Xu 光旭 , Yao 姚 Yu-Lin 玉林 , Xue 薛 Dong-Bai 栋柏 , Gu 顾 Zhen-Jie 振杰 , Lei 雷 Li-Hua 李华 , Dun 顿 Xiong 雄 , Deng 邓 Xiao 晓 , Cheng 程 Xin-Bin 鑫彬 , Li 李 Tong-Bao 同保
Published: July 2023

Chromium atom photolithography gratings are a promising technology for the development of nanoscale length standard substances due to their high accuracy, uniformity, and consistency. However, the inherent difference between the interaction of positive and negative frequency detuning standing wave field and the atoms can cause a difference in the adjacent peak-to-valley heights of the grating in positive and negative frequency detuning chromium atom lithography, which greatly reduces its accuracy. In this study, we performed a controlled variable growth simulation using the semi-classical theoretical model and Monte Carlo method with trajectory tracking and ballistic deposition methods to investigate the influence of key experimental parameters on the surface growth process of positive and negative frequency detuning atomic lithography gratings. We established a theoretical model based on simulation results and summarized empirical equations to guide the selection of experimental parameters. Our simulations achieved uniform positive and negative frequency detuning atomic lithography gratings with a period of 1/4 of the wavelength corresponding to the atomic transition frequency, and adjacent peak-to-valley heights differing by no more than 2 nm, providing an important theoretical reference for the controllable fabrication of these gratings.
Tunneling via surface dislocation in W/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes
Authors: Labed Madani , Min Ji Young , Slim Amina Ben , Sengouga Nouredine , Prasad Chowdam Venkata , Kyoung Sinsu , Rim You Seung
Published: July 2023

In this work, W/β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diodes, prepared using a confined magnetic field-based sputtering method, were analyzed at different operation temperatures. Firstly, Schottky barrier height increased with increasing temperature from 100 to 300 K and reached 1.03 eV at room temperature. The ideality factor decreased with increasing temperature and it was higher than 2 at 100 K. This apparent high value was related to the tunneling effect. Secondly, the series and on-resistances decreased with increasing operation temperature. Finally, the interfacial dislocation was extracted from the tunneling current. A high dislocation density was found, which indicates the domination of tunneling through dislocation in the transport mechanism. These findings are evidently helpful in designing better performance devices.
Experimental investigation on the instability for NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction-gate FETs under negative bias stress
Authors: Jiang Zhuolin , Li Xiangnan , Zhou Xuanze , Wei Yuxi , Wei Jie , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing , Luo Xiaorong
Published: July 2023

A NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction-gate field effect transistor (HJ-FET) is fabricated and its instability mechanisms are experimentally investigated under different gate stress voltage (V
G,s) and stress times (t
s). Two different degradation mechanisms of the devices under negative bias stress (NBS) are identified. At low V
G,s for a short t
s, NiO bulk traps trapping/de-trapping electrons are responsible for decrease/recovery of the leakage current, respectively. At higher V
G,s or long t
s, the device transfer characteristic curves and threshold voltage (V
TH) are almost permanently negatively shifted. This is because the interface dipoles are almost permanently ionized and neutralize the ionized charges in the space charge region (SCR) across the heterojunction interface, resulting in a narrowing SCR. This provides an important theoretical guide to study the reliability of NiO/β-Ga2O3 heterojunction devices in power electronic applications.
Large-area β-Ga2O3 Schottky barrier diode and its application in DC–DC converters
Authors: Guo Wei , Han Zhao , Zhao Xiaolong , Xu Guangwei , Long Shibing
Published: July 2023

We demonstrate superb large-area vertical β-Ga2O3 SBDs with a Schottky contact area of 1 × 1 mm2 and obtain a high-efficiency DC–DC converter based on the device. The β-Ga2O3 SBD can obtain a forward current of 8 A with a forward voltage of 5 V, and has a reverse breakdown voltage of 612 V. The forward turn-on voltage (V
F) and the on-resistance (R
on) are 1.17 V and 0.46 Ω, respectively. The conversion efficiency of the β-Ga2O3 SBD-based DC–DC converter is 95.81%. This work indicates the great potential of Ga2O3 SBDs and relevant circuits in power electronic applications.
Self-healing wearable self-powered deep ultraviolet photodetectors based on Ga2O3
Authors: Wu Chao , He Huaile , Hu Haizheng , Liu Aiping , Wang Shunli , Guo Daoyou , Wu Fengmin
Published: July 2023

Gallium oxide (Ga2O3) based flexible heterojunction type deep ultraviolet (UV) photodetectors show excellent solar-blind photoelectric performance, even when not powered, which makes them ideal for use in intelligent wearable devices. However, traditional flexible photodetectors are prone to damage during use due to poor toughness, which reduces the service life of these devices. Self-healing hydrogels have been demonstrated to have the ability to repair damage and their combination with Ga2O3 could potentially improve the lifetime of the flexible photodetectors while maintaining their performance. Herein, a novel self-healing and self-powered flexible photodetector has been constructed onto the hydrogel substrate, which exhibits an excellent responsivity of 0.24 mA/W under 254 nm UV light at zero bias due to the built-in electric field originating from the PEDOT: PSS/Ga2O3 heterojunction. The self-healing of the Ga2O3 based photodetector was enabled by the reversible property of the synthesis of agarose and polyvinyl alcohol double network, which allows the photodetector to recover its original configuration and function after damage. After self-healing, the photocurrent of the photodetector decreases from 1.23 to 1.21 μA, while the dark current rises from 0.95 to 0.97 μA, with a barely unchanged of photoresponse speed. Such a remarkable recovery capability and the photodetector’s superior photoelectric performance not only significantly enhance a device lifespan but also present new possibilities to develop wearable and intelligent electronics in the future.