bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Placing Asia in the Anthropocene: Histories, Vulnerabilities, Responses
Authors: Hudson Mark J.
Published: November 2014

In the nineteenth century, the Mekong, Red, and Chao Phraya river deltas in Southeast Asia underwent a massive expansion in agricultural settlement and engineering (Dao and Molle 2000). Contending with crocodiles and herds of wild elephants in addition to more prosaic insect and bird pests (Terwiel 1989), settlers struggled successfully to make these deltas highly productive centers of rice and other agriculture. Such struggles, which were until very recently confidently labeled as “Man's Conquest of Nature,” used to be seen as representing Progress with a capital P. Historically, few men or women had doubts about the real struggle involved in making a living from Nature. In a lecture given in 1877, William Morris explained that “the race of man must either labour or perish. Nature does not give us our livelihood gratis; we must win it by toil of some sort or degree” (W. Morris 2008, 1). Human evolution could thus be summarized as a story in which “Man struggled with nature, and he is conquering it gradually through his intelligence, inventiveness, and skill” (Sigerist 1936, 597). Progress was the process by whichMan Makes Himself, to cite the title of Gordon Childe's influential 1936 book on archaeology. By the nineteenth century, the problem for socialists such as Morris was that “the fruits of our victory over Nature [have] been stolen from us” (W. Morris 2008, 10); the basic necessity of “conquering” Nature was not disputed.
Doing Interdisciplinary Asian Studies in the Age of the Anthropocene
Authors: Philip Kavita
Published: November 2014

In Bangalore, late in the summer of 2014, I listened to many animated conversations. There were political debates: the right-wing Hindu nationalist party had, earlier that summer, won national as well as state elections, evoking disparate reactions across society, sowing dissension even among the technological elite. There were technological arguments: should Bangalore continue to be an outsourcing haven for software services, or did India need a new model of development? Technology itself no longer seemed to unite people and offer exciting futures, as it had a decade ago. In Basavanagudi, a neighborhood named after twelfth-century social reformer Basavanna, part of the South Bangalore constituency where Tom Friedman's friend Nandan Nilekani had just lost the local election to the Hindu nationalist BJP candidate, I noticed a growing buzz around a social media campaign for a new documentary on climate change. Facebook, Twitter, and chats excitedly shared news of the upcoming global release of a film seeking to unite the globe in a social movement to stop climate change. Software engineers and social justice activists might, it seemed, be able to come together on this topic, if not any other.
Chinese Residents of Burma as Refugees, Evacuees, and Returnees: The shared racial logic of territorialization in the regulation of wartime migration
Authors: CHEN TINA MAI
Published: November 2014

This article analyses how, at the time of the Japanese military expansion across Asia in the 1930s and 1940s, the category of ‘Burma Chinese’ and notions of ‘Chineseness’ acquired meaning through the movement across Chinese and Indian borders of residents of Burma identified as Chinese. Focusing on the terminology utilized by various reporting organizations to refer to evacuees, refugees or returnees, this article asks what we can learn from bureaucratic exchanges and practices of documentation about the wartime migration of Burma Chinese. I argue that a shared racial logic of territorialization operates across divergent sets of correspondence concerned with the repatriation of Burma Chinese to Burma. Multiple acts of iteration and practical implementation of categories naturalized this racial logic with respect to Burma Chinese in the latter half of the 1940s. Understanding how the work of repatriating Burma Chinese rested upon a shared racial logic is important because the regulation of Asian wartime migration was foundational to the emerging international refugee regime and post-Second World War world order.
Treatment resistance and other complicating factors in the management of schizophrenia
Authors: Strassnig Martin T. , Harvey Philip D.
Published: November 2014

Treatment resistance, along with its sibling partial response, remains a common phenomenon in schizophrenia, complicating the disability burden inherent in the disease. Antipsychotic medications are the mainstay of treatment, and treatment resistance has mainly been defined in terms of poor response to antipsychotic medication. At the same time, clozapine, the most effective antipsychotic, remains underutilized at the expense of exposing patients to polypharmacy. We review known causes of disability in schizophrenia, how they impact various areas of everyday functioning, and discuss potential treatment options including but not limited to pharmacological approaches aimed at maximizing treatment response and reducing treatment resistance.
The influence of early feeding practices on healthy diet variety score among pre-school children in four European birth cohorts
Authors: Jones Louise , Moschonis George , Oliveira Andreia , de Lauzon-Guillain Blandine , Manios Yannis , Xepapadaki Paraskevi , Lopes Carla , Moreira Pedro , Charles Marie Aline , Emmett Pauline
Published: November 2014

Objective

The present study examined whether maternal diet and early infant feeding experiences relating to being breast-fed and complementary feeding influence the range of healthy foods consumed in later childhood.

Design

Data from four European birth cohorts were studied. Healthy Plate Variety Score (HPVS) was calculated using FFQ. HPVS assesses the variety of healthy foods consumed within and across the five main food groups. The weighted numbers of servings consumed of each food group were summed; the maximum score was 5. Associations between infant feeding experiences, maternal diet and the HPVS were tested using generalized linear models and adjusted for appropriate confounders.

Setting

The British Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC), the French Etude des Déterminants pre et postnatals de la santé et du développement de L’Enfant study (EDEN), the Portuguese Generation XXI Birth Cohort and the Greek EuroPrevall cohort.

Subjects

Pre-school children and their mothers.

Results

The mean HPVS for each of the cohorts ranged from 2·3 to 3·8, indicating that the majority of children were not eating a full variety of healthy foods. Never being breast-fed or being breast-fed for a short duration was associated with lower HPVS at 2, 3 and 4 years of age in all cohorts. There was no consistent association between the timing of complementary feeding and HPVS. Mother’s HPVS was strongly positively associated with child’s HPVS but did not greatly attenuate the relationship with breast-feeding duration.

Conclusions

Results suggest that being breast-fed for a short duration is associated with pre-school children eating a lower variety of healthy foods.
STABLE AND SEMISTABLE PROBABILITY MEASURES ON CONVEX CONE
Authors: BUI QUANG NAM , HO DANG PHUC
Published: November 2014

The study concerns semistability and stability of probability measures on a convex cone, showing that the set$S(\boldsymbol{{\it\mu}})$of all positive numbers$t>0$such that a given probability measure$\boldsymbol{{\it\mu}}$is$t$-semistable establishes a closed subgroup of the multiplicative group$R^{+}$; semistability and stability exponents of probability measures are positive numbers if and only if the neutral element of the convex cone coincides with the origin; a probability measure is (semi)stable if and only if its domain of (semi-)attraction is not empty; and the domain of attraction of a given stable probability measure coincides with its domain of semi-attraction.
THE -APPROXIMATION PROPERTY AND ITS DUALITY
Authors: KIM JU MYUNG
Published: November 2014

We introduce an approximation property (${\mathcal{K}}_{\mathit{up}}$-AP, $1\leq p<\infty$), which is weaker than the classical approximation property, and discover the duality relationship between the ${\mathcal{K}}_{\mathit{up}}$-AP and the ${\mathcal{K}}_{p}$-AP. More precisely, we prove that for every $1<p<\infty$, if the dual space $X^{\ast }$ of a Banach space $X$ has the ${\mathcal{K}}_{\mathit{up}}$-AP, then $X$ has the ${\mathcal{K}}_{p}$-AP, and if $X^{\ast }$ has the ${\mathcal{K}}_{p}$-AP, then $X$ has the ${\mathcal{K}}_{\mathit{up}}$-AP. As a consequence, it follows that every Banach space has the ${\mathcal{K}}_{u2}$-AP and that for every $1<p<\infty$, $p\neq 2$, there exists a separable reflexive Banach space failing to have the ${\mathcal{K}}_{\mathit{up}}$-AP.
Role of extracellular calcium and mitochondrial oxygen species in psychosine-induced oligodendrocyte cell death
Authors: Voccoli V , Tonazzini I , Signore G , Caleo M , Cecchini M
Published: November 2014

Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD) is a metabolic disease caused by mutations in the galactocerebrosidase (GALC) gene. GALC is a lysosomal enzyme whose function is to degrade galacto-lipids, including galactosyl-ceramide and galactosyl-sphingosine (psychosine, PSY). GALC loss of function causes progressive intracellular accumulation of PSY. It is widely held that PSY is the main trigger for the degeneration of myelinating cells and progressive white-matter loss. However, still little is known about the molecular mechanisms by which PSY imparts toxicity. Here, we address the role of calcium dynamics during PSY-induced cell death. Using the human oligodendrocyte cell line MO3.13, we report that cell death by PSY is accompanied by robust cytosolic and mitochondrial calcium (Ca2+) elevations, and by mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Importantly, we demonstrate that the reduction of extracellular calcium content by the chelating agent ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid can decrease intra-mitochondrial ROS production and enhance cell viability. Antioxidant administration also reduces mitochondrial ROS production and cell loss, but this treatment does not synergize with Ca2+ chelation. Our results disclose novel intracellular pathways involved in PSY-induced death that may be exploited for therapeutic purposes to delay GLD onset and/or slow down its progression.
Permafrost thawing as a possible source of abrupt carbon release at the onset of the Bølling/Allerød
Authors: Köhler Peter , Knorr Gregor , Bard Edouard
Published: November 2014

One of the most abrupt and yet unexplained past rises in atmospheric CO2 (>10 p.p.m.v. in two centuries) occurred in quasi-synchrony with abrupt northern hemispheric warming into the Bølling/Allerød, ~14,600 years ago. Here we use a U/Th-dated record of atmospheric Δ14C from Tahiti corals to provide an independent and precise age control for this CO2 rise. We also use model simulations to show that the release of old (nearly 14C-free) carbon can explain these changes in CO2 and Δ14C. The Δ14C record provides an independent constraint on the amount of carbon released (~125 Pg C). We suggest, in line with observations of atmospheric CH4 and terrigenous biomarkers, that thawing permafrost in high northern latitudes could have been the source of carbon, possibly with contribution from flooding of the Siberian continental shelf during meltwater pulse 1A. Our findings highlight the potential of the permafrost carbon reservoir to modulate abrupt climate changes via greenhouse-gas feedbacks.
Ultrasensitive detection of lead ions based on a DNA-labelled DNAzyme sensor
Authors: Zhu Yingyue , Deng Daqing , Xu Liguang , Zhu Yibo , Wang Limei , Qi Bin , Xu Chuanlai
Published: November 2014

Here, we report a facile approach for highly sensitive and selective detection of aqueous lead ions that uses a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology and a lead-dependent DNAzyme, termed GR-5.
Large γ-CuI semiconductor single crystal growth by a temperature reduction method from an NH4I aqueous solution
Authors: Lv Yangyang , Xu Zhihuang , Ye Liwang , Zhang Zhaojun , Su Genbo , Zhuang Xinxin
Published: November 2014

Transparent, centimeter-sized γ-CuI single crystals with p-type conduction were successfully obtained from NH4I aqueous solutions by the temperature reduction method.
Structure refinement and photocatalytic properties of porous POMCPs by selecting the isomerous PYTTZ
Authors: Li Liang , Sun Jing-Wen , Sha Jing-Quan , Li Guang-Ming , Yan Peng-Fei , Wang Cheng , Yu Lian
Published: November 2014

Two POMCPs with similar building units and different motifs of tunnels were reported.
Differential protective effects of polyphenol extracts from apple peels and fleshes against acute CCl4-induced liver damage in mice
Authors: Nie Yan , Ren Daoyuan , Lu Xinshan , Sun Yanfei , Yang Xingbin
Published: November 2014

The present study reports the phenolic profiles and antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of Red Fuji apple peel polyphenolic extract (APP) and its flesh polyphenolic extract (AFP) against CCl4-induced acute hepatic damage in mice.
The copper–nicotinamide complex: sustainable applications in coupling and cycloaddition reactions
Authors: Baig R. B. Nasir , Vaddula Buchi Reddy , Nadagouda Mallikarjuna N. , Varma Rajender S.
Published: November 2014

The copper(ii)–nicotinamide complex catalyzes the C–S, C–N bond forming and cycloaddition reactions under a variety of sustainable reaction conditions.
Nanotextured stainless steel for improved corrosion resistance and biological response in coronary stenting
Authors: Mohan Chandini C. , Prabhath Anupama , Cherian Aleena Mary , Vadukumpully Sajini , Nair Shantikumar V. , Chennazhi Krishnaprasad , Menon Deepthy
Published: November 2014

Nanotextured SS provides an adherent oxide surface layer with enhanced corrosion resistance and endothelialization, but reduced smooth muscle cell proliferation.
pH-programmable self-assembly of plasmonic nanoparticles: hydrophobic interaction versus electrostatic repulsion
Authors: Li Weikun , Kanyo Istvan , Kuo Chung-Hao , Thanneeru Srinivas , He Jie
Published: November 2014

The two-step pH-programmable self-assembly generates sophisticated “multi-block” chains.
Involvement of the modulation of cancer cell redox status in the anti-tumoral effect of phenolic compounds
Authors: Mendes Vanda , Costa Vítor , Mateus Nuno
Published: November 2014

The association between the anti-tumoral properties of phenolics, the generation of ROS in culture medium and modulation of redox homeostasis was analyzed. In AGS cells, the anti-proliferative effect of quercetin was not reverted by catalase or SOD.
Biogenic metal nanoformulations induce Bax/Bcl2 and caspase mediated mitochondrial dysfunction in human breast cancer cells (MCF 7)
Authors: Jeyaraj Murugaraj , Renganathan Arun , Sathishkumar Gnanasekar , Ganapathi Andy , Premkumar Kumpati
Published: November 2014

Green synthesized metal NPs can potentially inhibit the proliferation of MCF-7 cells and trigger apoptosis through Bax/Bcl2 and caspase–cascade mediated mitochondrial dysfunction.
A new coumarin-based chromogenic chemosensor for the detection of dual analytes Al3+ and F−
Authors: Park Gyeong Jin , Jo Hyun Yong , Ryu Ka Young , Kim Cheal
Published: November 2014

A simple and easy-to-make colorimetric sensor for Al3+ and F− was designed and synthesized.
Sulfur/bamboo charcoal composites cathode for lithium–sulfur batteries
Authors: Cheng J. J. , Pan Y. , Pan J. A. , Song H. J. , Ma Z. S.
Published: November 2014

Herein, sulfur/bamboo charcoal (S/BC) composites with a sulfur content of 57.7 wt% were prepared by melt–diffusion method as cathode materials for Li–S batteries.
Facile synthesis of unsaturated polyester-based double-network gels via chemoselective cross-linking using Michael addition and subsequent UV-initiated radical polymerization
Authors: Tang Tang , Takasu Akinori
Published: November 2014

Michael addition and UV-initiated radical polymerization of vinyl monomers were used for a one-pot synthesis of polyester-based double-network (DN) gels by chemoselective cross-linking at room temperature.
Starburst 4,4′,4′′-tris(carbazol-9-yl)-triphenylamine-based deep-blue fluorescent emitters with tunable oligophenyl length for solution-processed undoped organic light-emitting diodes
Authors: Yu Mingquan , Wang Shumeng , Shao Shiyang , Ding Junqiao , Wang Lixiang , Jing Xiabin , Wang Fosong
Published: November 2014

Starburst TCTA-based deep-blue emitters are developed, whose solution-processed undoped device performance increases gradually with increasing oligophenyl length.
Intraword Variability in Typical Speech Development
Authors: Sosa Anna V.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Intraword variability
(sometimes called
token-to-token variabilit
y) has been associated with certain types of speech disorder. It has also been documented in typical speech development. The purpose of this study was to investigate intraword variability in typically developing 2- and 3-year-olds to determine expected rates and patterns of variability in typical speech development.

Method

Participants were 33 children aged 2;6 (years;months) to 3;11 with typical speech development. Three productions of 25 target words were elicited, and an overall variability score was calculated. Response type and the effect of word length were investigated.

Results

Variability rates decreased with age; however, the oldest children (ages 3;6–3;11) continued to display considerable variability. The most common response type was variable with no hits (i.e., variable production with none matching the target form) for all age groups, and variability was greatest for longer words.

Conclusions

Variability is prevalent in the speech of typically developing 2- and 3-year-olds and was observed even in the oldest children. Future work is needed to determine at what age this type of phonemic variability is no longer prevalent in typical speech development. Clinicians should use caution in interpreting the presence of intraword variability as indicative of specific subtypes of speech disorder.
Narrative Performance of Gifted African American School-Aged Children From Low-Income Backgrounds
Authors: Mills Monique T.
Published: November 2014

Purpose

This study investigated classroom differences in the narrative performance of school-age African American English (AAE)-speaking children in gifted and general education classrooms.

Method

Forty-three children, Grades 2–5, each generated fictional narratives in response to the book
Frog, Where Are You?
(Mayer, 1969). Differences in performance on traditional narrative measures (total number of communication units [C-units], number of different words, and mean length of utterance in words) and on AAE production (dialect density measure) between children in gifted and general education classrooms were examined.

Results

There were no classroom-based differences in total number of C-units, number of different words, and mean length of utterance in words. Children in gifted education classrooms produced narratives with lower dialect density than did children in general educated classrooms. Direct logistic regression assessed whether narrative dialect density measure scores offered additional information about giftedness beyond scores on the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition (Dunn & Dunn, 2007), a standard measure of language ability. Results indicated that a model with only Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test–Fourth Edition scores best discriminated children in the 2 classrooms.

Conclusion

African American children across gifted and general education classrooms produce fictional narratives of similar length, lexical diversity, and syntax complexity. However, African American children in gifted education classrooms may produce lower rates of AAE and perform better on standard measures of vocabulary than those in general education classrooms.
Surface Electrical Stimulation Perturbation Context Determines the Presence of Error Reduction in Swallowing Hyolaryngeal Kinematics
Authors: Humbert Ianessa A. , Christopherson Heather , Lokhande Akshay
Published: November 2014

Purpose

Error-based learning (EBL) involves gradually reducing movement errors caused by a perturbation. When the perturbation has been unexpectedly removed, exaggerated movements occur in the opposite direction of a perturbation effect, known as aftereffects. Our goal was to determine whether the perturbation type impacts error reduction or aftereffects in swallowing hyolaryngeal kinematics.

Method

We perturbed peak hyolaryngeal elevation during swallowing in 16 healthy adults with surface electrical stimulation (SES) in 2 different ways during videofluoroscopy: intermittent SES (I-SES) was applied only during swallowing, and continuous SES (C-SES) was applied during swallowing and during interswallow intervals. In C-SES and I-SES, the onset and offset of the perturbation were unmasked.

Results

Only the C-SES perturbation caused error reduction (gradually increasing peak elevation). Aftereffects were absent in both perturbations, unlike findings from our previous study with masked perturbation. Furthermore, the duration of laryngeal vestibule closure (dLVC) increased during the I-SES perturbation but was unchanged during C-SES perturbation.

Conclusion

EBL of swallowing airway protection events was strongly influenced by the context of the perturbation. These findings also elucidate how the relationship among critical swallowing airway protection events (hyoid peak, laryngeal peak, and dLVC) can be modified during EBL.
Ab initio molecular dynamics with noisy forces: Validating the quantum Monte Carlo approach with benchmark calculations of molecular vibrational properties
Authors: Luo Ye , Zen Andrea , Sorella Sandro
Published: November 2014

We present a systematic study of a recently developed ab initio simulation scheme based on molecular dynamics and quantum Monte Carlo. In this approach, a damped Langevin molecular dynamics is employed by using a statistical evaluation of the forces acting on each atom by means of quantum Monte Carlo. This allows the use of an highly correlated wave function parametrized by several variational parameters and describing quite accurately the Born-Oppenheimer energy surface, as long as these parameters are determined at the minimum energy condition. However, in a statistical method both the minimization method and the evaluation of the atomic forces are affected by the statistical noise. In this work, we study systematically the accuracy and reliability of this scheme by targeting the vibrational frequencies of simple molecules such as the water monomer, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, ammonia, and phosphine. We show that all sources of systematic errors can be controlled and reliable frequencies can be obtained with a reasonable computational effort. This work provides convincing evidence that this molecular dynamics scheme can be safely applied also to realistic systems containing several atoms.
Theoretical analysis of sound transmission loss through graphene sheets
Authors: Natsuki Toshiaki , Ni Qing-Qing
Published: November 2014

We examine the potential of using graphene sheets (GSs) as sound insulating materials that can be used for nano-devices because of their small size, super electronic, and mechanical properties. In this study, a theoretical analysis is proposed to predict the sound transmission loss through multi-layered GSs, which are formed by stacks of GS and bound together by van der Waals (vdW) forces between individual layers. The result shows that the resonant frequencies of the sound transmission loss occur in the multi-layered GSs and the values are very high. Based on the present analytical solution, we predict the acoustic insulation property for various layers of sheets under both normal incident wave and acoustic field of random incidence source. The scheme could be useful in vibration absorption application of nano devices and materials.
Synthesis and Thermal Stability of New Polynitrostilbenes
Authors: Wei Jianping , Li Fangmei , Xu Junhui , Peng Xinhua
Published: November 2014

New polynitrostilbenes were directly synthesised by the Knoevenagel condensation of aromatic aldehydes with nitrotoluenes. The differential scanning calorimetry results demonstrated that the introduction of an amino group and C=C double bonds could improve the thermal stability.
Topoisomerase 1 inhibition reversibly impairs synaptic function
Authors: Mabb Angela M. , Kullmann Paul H. M. , Twomey Margaret A. , Miriyala Jayalakshmi , Philpot Benjamin D. , Zylka Mark J.
Published: November 2014

Significance

Topoisomerases are enzymes that resolve DNA supercoiling during cell division and gene transcription. Inhibitors of these enzymes are used to treat multiple forms of cancer. Recently we found that topoisomerase inhibitors have profound effects on synaptic genes expressed in the brain. Here we examine the contribution of a clinically used topoisomerase inhibitor on the expression of synaptic proteins and synaptic transmission. We find that inhibition of topoisomerase 1 (TOP1) dampens excitatory and inhibitory synaptic transmission in cortical neurons. Additionally, these effects are fully reversible, because synaptic protein levels and synaptic transmission recover upon washout of the TOP1 inhibitor. These findings provide insights into how inhibition of TOP1 impacts synaptic function in neurons.
Caspase-1 autoproteolysis is differentially required for NLRP1b and NLRP3 inflammasome function
Authors: Guey Baptiste , Bodnar Mélanie , Manié Serge N. , Tardivel Aubry , Petrilli Virginie
Published: November 2014

Significance

In the context of the nucleotide-binding domain and leucine rich repeat pyrin containing 1b (NLRP1b) inflammasome activation by anthrax lethal toxin, we reveal a new role for full-length caspase-1. We directly demonstrate that the caspase-1 45-kDa zymogen is able to process pro–IL-1β and to induce pyroptosis, and that apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD is dispensable for the activity of the NLRP1b inflammasome. This is in contrast to the NLRP3 inflammasome activity, which is inhibited in the absence of caspase-1 autoproteolyis. Our data, which highlight differential requirements for caspase-1 autoproteolysis in NLRP1b and NLRP3 inflammasome function, may have implications for pathogen recognition and response.
Natural low-molecular mass organic compounds with oxidase activity as organocatalysts
Authors: Nishiyama Tatsuya , Hashimoto Yoshiteru , Kusakabe Hitoshi , Kumano Takuto , Kobayashi Michihiko
Published: November 2014

Significance

Organocatalysts are low-molecular mass organic compounds composed of nonmetallic elements. Here, we report that actinorhodin (ACT), a bacterial-derived antimicrobial compound, acts as an organocatalyst, as indicated by the following findings: (i) substrate oxidation reactions that produced H2O2proceeded in the presence of ACT; (ii) ACT was not consumed during the reactions; and (iii) a catalytic amount of ACT consumed an excess amount of the substrates. We propose that ACT kills bacteria by producing toxic amounts of H2O2. We also screened various ACT-like natural products and identified several that exhibited catalytic activity, suggesting that living organisms produce and use them as biocatalysts in nature.
Revealing an unusual transparent phase of superhard iron tetraboride under high pressure
Authors: Kotmool Komsilp , Kaewmaraya Thanayut , Chakraborty Sudip , Anversa Jonas , Bovornratanaraks Thiti , Luo Wei , Gou Huiyang , Piquini Paulo Cesar , Kang Tae Won , Mao Ho-kwang , Ahuja Rajeev
Published: November 2014

Significance

Solids have been mainly studied at ambient conditions (i.e., at room temperature and zero pressure). However, it was realized early that there is also a fundamental relation between volume and structure and that this dependence could be most fruitfully studied by means of high-pressure experimental techniques. From a theoretical point of view this is an ideal type of experiment, because only the volume is changed, which is a very clean variation of the external conditions. In the present study we show a hard superconducting material, iron tetraboride, transforms into a novel transparent phase under pressure. Further, this phase is the first system in this class, to our knowledge, and opens a new route to search for and design new transparent materials.
Perceptual processing affects the reactivation of a sensory dimension during a categorization task
Authors: Riou Benoit , Rey Amandine E. , Vallet Guillaume T. , Cuny Caroline , Versace Rémy
Published: November 2014

According to grounded theories of cognition, knowledge is grounded in its sensory-motor features. Therefore, perceptual and conceptual processing should be based on the same distributed system so that conceptual and perceptual processes should interact. The present study assesses whether gustatory stimulation (participants tasted a sweet or a nonsweet yoghurt) could influence performance on a categorization task that involves the reactivation of the same sensory dimension. The results indicate that participants were slower (Experiment 1) or faster (Experiment 2), respectively, at categorizing pictures as representing edible sweet stimuli when they either simultaneously or had previously tasted a sweet yoghurt as compared to a nonsweet yoghurt. These results confirm the significant overlap between perceptual and memory mechanisms and suggest the functional equivalence between perceptually present and perceptually absent (memory reactivated) dimensions.
Concluding remarks
Authors: Ko Heejeong
Published: November 2014

Chapter 6 evaluates my proposal against other influential models of cyclic syntax, and wraps up the discussion with an overall summary. In particular, it consider the impact of its arguments for Chomsky’s proposition-based phase model. It is shown that the series of arguments developed in this book presents counterevidence to the Phase Impenetrability Condition (PIC). It is argued that the edge must be spelled out together with its complement, contra the PIC. The contrast between domain-internal vs. domain-external movement out of edges as well as general order-preservation effects cannot be properly explained under the PIC model. It is also shown that the evidence in support of order-preservation effects in multiple edges presents non-trivial challenges for the PIC approach. It also discusses some implications of my proposal for principles in the narrow syntax such as locality in movement, scrambling, and argument structure.
PJA von Feuerbach and his Textbook of the Common Penal Law
Authors: Hörnle Tatjana
Published: November 2014

PJA Feuerbach is still considered a founding father of modern criminal law science. His Textbook on penal law is a classic. One of his lasting contributions is the insistence on a strictly rational justification of criminal punishment. He proposed a deterrence-based theory that shifts the focus from the conviction of offenders and the execution of sanctions towards the statutory threat. Discussing the criticism of Feuerbach’s punishment theory, the chapter concludes that punishment cannot be justified by referring to just one notion such as deterrence. The chapter analyzes Feuerbach’s elaboration of the principle of nulla poena sine lege, distinguishing the prohibition of retroactive criminal laws and Feuerbach’s insistence on the existence of statutory laws. A third achievement of the Textbook is the introduction of a framework for criminalization. Feuerbach defines in a general way what kind of conduct can be called a crime: a crime consists in the violation of another person’s rights...
Recently Excavated Manuscripts
Authors: Redmond Geoffrey , Hon Tze-ki
Published: November 2014

Zhouyi scholarship has been transformed by the discovery of manuscripts of closely related texts in the course of archaeological excavation. These are arguably the most important events in the history of Yijing interpretation since the Song. These manuscripts are dated to the late Warring States (the manuscript now-owned by the Shanghai Museum) or early Han (the manuscript found near Mawangdui). These manuscripts contain numerous variant characters, but overall are quite similar to the transmitted text. Most of the variants are phonetic loans, but some are substantive and thus of great interest. Study of these manuscripts has been mainly by PRC scholars, but a significant literature in English exists and is reviewed in this chapter. Important findings include: the fact that something similar to the received text was in circulation by about 300 BCE; that the Changes circulated in multiple versions, none of which can be declared to be the urtext; that the names and order of the hexagrams varied; and that the manuscripts clarify the meanings of certain obscure words and phrases. The excavated materials discussed in this chapter include those of the Shanghai Museum, the roughly contemporaneous Guodian find, the well-studied Mawangdui Yijing, the Baoshan and Wangshan divination texts, the Guicang, Ji Zhong bamboo strips, and the Fuyang manuscript. There is also a discussion of the ethical issues raised by the study of looted manuscripts.
Moral Cultivation
Authors: Redmond Geoffrey , Hon Tze-ki
Published: November 2014

In response to the challenges of Daoism and Buddhism, Confucian thinkers from the eleventh to seventeenth centuries revived Confucianism by developing a sophisticated method of moral cultivation. That new method of moral cultivation, known today as “moral metaphysics,” was derived from the Dazhuan (Great Commentary) of the Ten Wings. The method assumes that human beings are ontologically and spiritually linked to the universe, therefore their moral actions are simultaneously cosmic and metaphysical. Focusing on two major neo-Confucian thinkers—Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi—this chapter explains how the Yijing can be read as an ethical text. This association of the Yijing with self-examination accounts for much of the contemporary appeal, ever since C. G. Jung’s 1951 foreword to the Wilhelm-Baynes translation commended the classic as “one long admonition to careful scrutiny of one’s own character, attitude, and motives” (Wilhelm and Baynes 1950: xxxiv.). Demonstrating that the Yijing was, and still is, a way of fostering self-knowledge enables students to understand how it functioned as a tool for living, not merely a collection of obscure texts and exotic diagrams.
Optimizing Conditions of a Cell-Free Toxic Filtrate Stem Cutting Assay to Evaluate Soybean Genotype Responses to Fusarium Species that Cause Sudden Death Syndrome
Authors: Xiang Y. , Scandiani M. M. , Herman T. K. , Hartman G. L.
Published: November 2014

Cell-free toxic culture filtrates from Fusarium virguliforme, the causal fungus of soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), cause foliar symptoms on soybean stem cuttings similar to those obtained from root inoculations in whole plants and those observed in production fields. The objectives of this study were to (i) optimize the production conditions for F. virguliforme cell-free toxic culture filtrates and the incubation conditions of the stem cutting assay used to test the toxicity of the cell-free toxic culture filtrates, and (ii) use the optimized assay and a whole plant root inoculation assay to compare four SDS-causing isolates on a panel of selected soybean genotypes. Area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) values were highest (P = 0.05) when cuttings were immersed in culture filtrate of fungus grown in soybean dextrose broth, in filtrate produced from the fungus grown for 18 or 22 days, and when stem cuttings were incubated at 30°C. AUDPC values and shoot dry weights from the whole plant root inoculations and the AUDPC values from the stem cutting assay differed (P < 0.05) among nine soybean genotypes tested with F. virguliforme and F. tucumaniae isolates, and the AUDPC values from the two assays were positively correlated (r = 0.44 at P < 0.0001).
Influenza and End-Stage Renal Disease: A Fatal Combination
Authors: Singla Montish , Grossman Amy , Shikha Deep , Baumstein Donald , Chaudhari Ashok , Carbajal Roger
Published: November 2014

Influenza epidemics are a major health care problem in the United States causing significant morbidity and mortality. Influenza can occur in all individuals, but immunocompromized hosts and those with chronic diseases such as end-stage renal disease are more susceptible to its fatal complications. Influenza though is largely preventable with the availability of highly efficacious vaccines. Despite the wide array of vaccine types available, the vaccination rates remain dismal, thereby leading to high incidence of the disease. In this report, we discuss a case of an unvaccinated patient with end-stage renal disease who contracted the influenza virus with fatal consequences. This report discusses multiple factors that allowed for a highly preventable disease to cause this negative outcome and provides suggestions to prevent such outcomes in the future.
City life makes females fussy: sex differences in habitat use of temperate bats in urban areas
Authors: Lintott Paul R. , Bunnefeld Nils , Fuentes-Montemayor Elisa , Minderman Jeroen , Mayhew Rebekah J. , Olley Lena , Park Kirsty J.
Published: November 2014

Urbanization is a major driver of the global loss of biodiversity; to mitigate its adverse effects, it is essential to understand what drives species' patterns of habitat use within the urban matrix. While many animal species are known to exhibit sex differences in habitat use, adaptability to the urban landscape is commonly examined at the species level, without consideration of intraspecific differences. The high energetic demands of pregnancy and lactation in female mammals can lead to sexual differences in habitat use, but little is known of how this might affect their response to urbanization. We predicted that female
Pipistrellus pygmaeus
would show greater selectivity of forging locations within urban woodland in comparison to males at both a local and landscape scale. In line with these predictions, we found there was a lower probability of finding females within woodlands which were poorly connected, highly cluttered, with a higher edge : interior ratio and fewer mature trees. By contrast, habitat quality and the composition of the surrounding landscape were less of a limiting factor in determining male distributions. These results indicate strong sexual differences in the habitat use of fragmented urban woodland, and this has important implications for our understanding of the adaptability of bats and mammals more generally to urbanization.
Distinct regulatory modules identified in the promoters of wheatGlu-1genes suggest different regulatory mechanisms
Authors: Makai Szabolcs , Tamás László , Juhász Angéla
Published: November 2014

High molecular weight glutenin subunits of wheat are economically important seed storage proteins. They are coded by paralog pairs of theGlu-1gene on each of the three genomes in the hexaploid wheat. Their expressions are under both temporal and spatial control. Many factors have been identified that influence the activity ofGlu-1genes, but the underlying regulatory mechanisms are still unclear. In order to identify motifs and motif clusters responsible for quantitative regulation ofGlu-1gene expressions, promoter profiles and transcription dynamics of the genes were analysed. It was found that promoter motif compositions of homoeologGlu-1genes are conserved. Our results demonstrated that while promoter profiles explain the differences of expression between homoeologs and between paralogs, it does not explain the variation of activity between alleles. Interestingly, our analyses revealed that the promoters ofGlu-1genes are divided into sixcis-regulatory modules that are either locally overrepresented by binding sites belonging to unique but distinct transcription factor (TF) families or have conserved motif clusters. Moreover, our analyses demonstrated that the varying expression dynamics of TFs across genotypes is likely to be the primary contributor of the allelic variation ofGlu-1gene expressions. Thus, the six putativecis-regulatory modules in theGlu-1gene promoters bound by the differentially expressed TFs are suggested to play a key role in the quantitative and tissue specific regulation of these genes.
Understanding the experiences of asylum seekers
Authors: Liebling Helen , Burke Shani , Goodman Simon , Zasada Daniel
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to highlight the key issues of concern for asylum seekers in the UK by focusing on their in depth talk about their experiences, a so far neglected element in the current debate about asylum seeking.

Design/methodology/approach

– The study involved thematic analysis of asylum seekers’ accounts of their lives in their country of origin, their journeys to the UK and experiences following arrival. Nine participants took part in semi-structured interviews.

Findings

– Analysis resulted in seven themes; the importance of safety, negative experiences of the Home Office, support, emotional effects, significance of family, hopes for the future and the positive experiences of living in the UK.

Research limitations/implications

– Asylum seekers largely left their countries of origin to escape conflict, persecution, violence, arranged marriages and rape. They reported safety as a key concern and for this reason they were scared to return home.

Practical implications

– The research found Asylum seekers have fled traumatic situations and then have a difficult time in the UK. A more compassionate and supportive approach is needed. Policy recommendations are made with the aim of improving service responses.

Social implications

– The research demonstrates that the public understanding of asylum seeking does not match asylum seekers’ experiences and increased knowledge may help to improve this (mis) understanding.

Originality/value

– There is currently a lack of literature and empirical investigation of this subject area, so this research makes a contribution to the field of understanding asylum seekers’ experiences. The paper's focus is original and important combining asylum seekers’ accounts of their experiences following arrival in the UK. This subject is strategically important due to the pressing need to develop holistic and culturally sensitive research, which bridges and informs academia, more sensitive service responses and civil society.
Gossip, self-monitoring and fashion leadership: comparison of US and South Korean consumers
Authors: Lee Seung-Hee , E. Workman Jane
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this study was to investigate tendency to gossip, self-monitoring and fashion leadership among young adult consumers in two cultures: US and South Korean.

Design/methodology/approach

– A survey was conducted using a convenience sample of 690 (278 US; 412 Korean) university students. Data were analyzed using MANOVA, ANOVA, descriptive statistics, χ2 and Cronbach’s alpha reliability.

Findings

– Compared with US participants, Korean participants scored higher on tendency to gossip and lower on self-monitoring, the two subscales of self-monitoring (ability to modify self-presentation; sensitivity to the appearance of others), and fashion innovativeness and opinion leadership. In both cultures, fashion leaders scored higher on self-monitoring and tendency to gossip than fashion followers, and high self-monitors scored higher on tendency to gossip than low self-monitors. Results of this research supported Hofstede’s (1980) theory of cultural dimensions as appropriate for examining differences among fashion consumers from different countries.

Research limitations/implications

– Results cannot be generalized to other population groups or cultures. Further research should include data from participants in different countries and of different ages thereby contributing to the generalizability of the results.

Practical implications

– The findings of this study suggest that gossip, especially in collectivist cultures such as South Korea, can increase brand image and serve as a useful marketing tool. Social media is one way to initialize word-of-mouth communication about a brand.

Originality/value

– This is the first study to compare gossip and self-monitoring among fashion consumers in two different cultures.
A matter of love: consumers’ relationships with original brands and their counterfeits
Authors: Castaño Raquel , Eugenia Perez Maria
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– This paper aims to explore brand personality relationships in the context of original versus counterfeit products. Specifically, it investigates consumers’ perception of both original brands and their counterfeits.

Design/methodology/approach

– The authors present four studies conducted with 657 Mexican consumers who own or have owned an original luxury-brand product as well as a counterfeit of the same brand. Data were analyzed through regression analyses, t-tests, correlation coefficients and one-way ANOVA.

Findings

– Results show that consumers who voluntarily acquire both original luxury brands and their counterfeits transfer the symbolic personality traits of the original brand to the counterfeit, experience significantly higher coincidence between their personality traits and those of the original brand and also experience a stronger overlap between their overall self-concept and the original brand’s concept than with the counterfeit’s concept, and feel higher levels of love towards the original brands than towards their counterfeits.

Research limitations/implications

– This study plays a relevant role in understanding how consumers form relationships with original and counterfeit brand products. Managers of original brands are advised to build their efforts around the idea of consumers’ love for the original brand, emphasizing issues of authenticity and congruence between consumers and their purchase decisions.

Practical implications

– Managers of original brands are advised to build their efforts around the idea of consumers’ love for the original brand, emphasizing the trust element of a love relationship in order to encourage consumers to be “faithful” to the original brands.

Originality/value

– This study provides insights into the relationships consumers form with brands and their counterfeits. This is novel because, so far, most of the studies on counterfeits have mainly sought to explain why and how consumers choose counterfeits instead of original brands.
KiwiSaver member behaviour: a quantitative analysis
Authors: Thomas Callum , Matthews Claire
Published: November 2014

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is probe the early data emerging from the KiwiSaver market and to draw insights on KiwiSaver investor behaviour, particularly in respect of the unique default provider feature of the scheme.

Design/methodology/approach

– The primary source of data for this study is a purpose-built database compiled using data from KiwiSaver providers’ annual reports for the period 2009-2011.

Findings

– The study finds that KiwiSaver members, like other investors, are chasing performance and seeking to avoid fees. However, an unexpected negative relation is found for bank ownership.

Research limitations/implications

– The key limitations of this data source include the low frequency, differing formats and levels of detail disclosed in various annual reports.

Practical implications

– Chasing past performance indicates a need for investor education for KiwiSaver members.

Originality/value

– The study provides an initial empirical examination of the KiwiSaver market, and the determinants of the flow of funds and members. The results can be used to guide policymakers and providers in their future decision-making around the scheme and individual offerings.