bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of serpulid polychaetes (Annelida) from the Barents Sea
Authors: Rzhavsky Alexander Vladimirovich , Kupriyanova Elena Konstantinovna , Sikorski Andrej Vladimirovich
Published: February 2013

Although Scandinavian Arctic polychaete fauna has been extensively investigated, new species are still being found in the Barents Sea. Polychaetes of the family Serpulidae are calcareous tubeworms that are most abundant at low latitudes and less common in Arctic and Antarctic waters. Because recent phylogenetic data indicate that the family Spirorbidae is a clade nested inside Serpulidae, spirorbins are treated here as subfamily Spirorbinae and their traditionally recognized subfamilies are thus lowered to the tribes Paralaeospirini, Spirorbini, Circeini, Romanchellini, Pileolariini and Januini. Here we report two new serpulid species, a filogranin Protis akvaplani sp. n. and a spirorbin Bushiella (Bushiella) barentsii sp. n. collected from off the northern Norwegian coast. Protis akvaplani differs from other species of within the genus by its tube with a high longitudinal keel, six thoracic chaetigerous segments, and short thoracic membranes ending after the 3rd segment. Generic diagnosis of the genus Protis has been emended. Bushiella (B.) barentsii differs from other species of the subgenus Bushiella by morphology of the opercular talon of operculum, incomplete fusing of primary operculum with brood chamber, and large tubes (up to 5 mm in coil diameter) with 1-2 distinct longitudinal ridges.
First record of Diaphus rafinesquii (Cocco, 1838) (Myctophidae) in the Norwegian Sea
Authors: Wienerroither Rupert , Bjelland Otte
Published: February 2013

The myctophid Diaphus rafinesquii is endemic in the North Atlantic and the Mediterranean and was for the first time found in the Norwegian Sea. The specimen was captured off northern Norway at about 71° N, representing the northernmost record so far. Meristic and morphometric comparisons showed no evident differences to specimens found in other areas of its distribution. Although the actual abundance and distribution of this species in Norwegian waters remained unclear, we emphasized the general high potential of mesopelagic species for indicating environmental short- and long-time changes by monitoring the faunal change.
Commentary: Mathematics Teacher Educator: The Evolution of a New Journal
Authors: Shaughnessy J. Michael
Published: February 2013

In the past decade, there has been a growing interest in the role that practitioners play as stakeholders in and coproducers of professional knowledge and of research knowledge in mathematics education (Kieran, Krainer, & Shaughnessy, in press). Although the wellspring of professional knowledge and craft wisdom of teachers has been sparsely tapped in previous decades, there are now signs from all over the world that teachers are playing an increasingly important role in research on the teaching and learning of mathematics (Bednarz, 2004; Fernandez & Yoshida, 2004; Herbel-Eisenmann & Cirillo, 2009; Huang & Bao, 2006; Jaworski et al., 2007; Makar & O'Brien, in press). A recent conference brought together practitioners, teacher educators, and researchers in mathematics education to develop a research agenda that will provide closer links between research and practice (NCTM, 2010).
Mathematics Preservice Teachers Learning About English Language Learners Through Task-Based Interviews and Noticing
Authors: Fernandes Anthony
Published: February 2013

This article describes the 3rd cycle of an intervention in a mathematics content course that was designed to foster awareness among middle school mathematics preservice teachers (PSTs) of the challenges that English language learner (ELL) students face and the resources they draw on as they learn mathematics and communicate their thinking in English-only classrooms. Pairs of PSTs engaged 2 different ELL students in a videotaped task-based interview using 4 measurement tasks. Following each interview, the PSTs wrote a structured report guided by Mason's (2002) framework of noticing. The results of the intervention indicated that the PSTs went beyond awareness of ELLs' needs and challenges and also adopted strategies outlined in the literature that were aligned with best practices for teaching ELLs. The article also discusses the potential of the intervention and how it can be used by other mathematics educators.
Çevreyle Bütünleşmiş Bir Yerel Yönetim Örneği Olarak Sakin Şehir Hareketi Ve Türkiye’nin Potansiyeli / Cittaslow Movement as an Example of a Local Administration Integrated with Environment and Turkey’s Potential
Authors: Sırım Veli
Published: February 2013

İtalya’dan başlayıp tüm dünyaya yayılan Sakin Şehir hareketi, 10 yıl gibi kısa bir süre içinde alternatif bir şehir ve yaşam modeli olarak kendini göstermektedir. Gördüğü ilgi ve yayılma eğiliminden dolayı hareket farklı alanların uzmanlarınca değişik açılardan ele alınmıştır. En önemli hedefi yerel toplumun ve ziyaretçilerinin yaşam kalitesini yükseltmek olan Sakin Şehirler, kısa zamanda uluslar arası bir ağ haline gelmiştir. Sakin Şehir yaklaşımı, ülkemizde saklı sayısız tarihi ve kültürel zenginliği ortaya çıkarmada bir fırsat olabilecektir. Sakin Şehir perspektifiyle gerekli kriterleri taşıyan ve taşıması belki kolaylıkla sağlanabilecek olan yüzlerce şehrimiz kapılarını dünyaya aralayabilecektir. Cittaslow Movement as an Example of a Local Administration Integrated with Environment and Turkey’s Potential Cittaslow Movement which started in Italy and spread around the world shows up as an alternative city and life model in such a short period of 10 years. Cittaslow movement, the most important goal of which is to increase the life quality of the local community and its visitors, became an international network in a short period. Cittaslow approach which can also be considered as the model of a local development has the characteristics of offering the opportunity that reveals the hidden numerous historical and cultural wealth of our country. Hundred of our cities which have the necessary criteria of Cittaslow and can easily achieve these criteria will open their doors to the world.
Tüketimin Değişen Yüzü: Elektronik Ticaret Uygulamaları ve Sosyal Paylaşım Ağlarının Rolü / The Changing Face of Consumption: E-Commerce Applications And The Role of Social Networks
Authors: Halis Büşra
Published: February 2013

İnsanlık tarihi kadar eski olan tüketim, zaman içerisinde yaşanan değişim ve dönüşümlerle birlikte yeni bir boyut kazanmıştır. Eskinin, ihtiyacı kadar almak ve çalışmak gibi fenemonlerinin yerini, günümüzde daha çok satın almak için çalışmak, tükettiğinin ölçüsünde var olabilmek ya da olamamak almıştır. Tüketimin soyut anlamda kavramsal içeriğinin farklılaşmasının yanı sıra, tüketim araçları da farklılaşmıştır. Artık, yüz yüze görüşmeler yoluyla yapılan alışverişlerin yerini; fiziki mekândan bağımsız, internet üzerinden e-ticaret yoluyla ve birtakım paylaşım ağları aracılığıyla yapılan alışverişler almıştır. Bu çalışmada da, tüketimin ve tüketimde kullanılan araçların geçmişten bugüne değişen anlamı ve bu değişimi körükleyen sosyal ağ paradigması tartışılmaktadır. The Changing Face of Consumption: E-Commerce Applications And The Role of Social Networks Consumption, which is as old as human history has gained a new dimension with changes and transformations in the course of time. In the past, people bought and worked as they needed, but now, they work to buy more things except necessity and they be or not to be until they consumed. Over time, the conceptual content and tools of the consumption has changed. Shopping, which is done independent of the physical space, via the internet through e-commerce replaced shopping made by face to face. In this work, the changing meaning and tools of consumption from past to present and the paradigm of social networks which encouraging this change is to be held.
Isıtma Amaçlı Enerji Değişiminin Karabük İli İçin Araştırılması / A Research for Heating Energy Values in Karabuk Province
Authors: ERTÜRK Mustafa
Published: February 2013

Bu çalışmada Devlet Meteoroloji Genel Müdürlüğü’nden temin edilen son otuz iki yılın meteorolojik veri seti kullanılmıştır. Bu veri seti ile Karabük ili ısıtma derece saat değerleri on bir farklı iç ortam referans sıcaklığına (18-28°C) göre hesaplanmıştır. Karabük ili ısıtma derece saat değerleri baz alınarak seçilen iç ortam referans sıcaklığının 1-11°C üzerinde veya altında olması durumunda enerji talebindeki artışın veya azalmanın oransal olarak değişimi hesaplanmıştır. Bu çalışma konfor ortamını bozmadan iç ortam sıcaklığını yaşam alışkanlıklarımızda yapacağımız ufak düzenlemelerle çözmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Aile bütçesine, ülke ekonomisine, ülkenin enerji bağımlılığının azaltılmasına ve çevre-hava kirliliğinden dolayı oluşan küresel ısınmanın azaltılmasına önemli katkıda bulunacaktır. A Research for Heating Energy Values in Karabuk Province In this study, the data set of the past 32 years obtained from Turkish State Meteorological Services was used. With this data set, heating degree-hour values of Karabuk province were estimated according to eleven different indoor reference temperatures (18-28°C). The increase or the decrease in energy demand was estimated proportionally depending on the condition that the indoor reference temperature, which was selected based on the heating degree-hour values of Karabuk province, is above or below the range of 1-11°C. This study indicates that minor arrangements to be made pertaining to the indoor temperature without disturbing the comfort of the environment will make a significant contribution to reduce the global warming originating from environmental-air pollution as well as the energy dependency of our country.
Elazığ Belediyesi Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi Giriş Sularında Antibiyotik Kalıntılarının Varlığının Araştırılması / Investigation Of The Presence Of Antibiotic Residues Influent Of Elazig Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant
Authors: Topal Murat
Published: February 2013

Bu çalışmada, Elazığ Belediyesi Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi giriş sularında antibiyotik kalıntılarının varlığının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç için, arıtma tesisi giriş suyundan kompozit numune alınmış ve analizler yapılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre Elazığ Belediyesi Atıksu Arıtma Tesisi giriş sularında makrolidler (azitromisin, klaritromisin, eritromisin), beta laktamlar (aztreonam, sefalosporinler (sefamandol, sefepim, sefiksim), rifampisin (rifamisin)) ve sülfonamid (tetroksoprim) antibiyotikleri bulunmuştur. Investigation Of The Presence Of Antibiotic Residues Influent Of Elazig Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant In this study, it was aimed to determine the presence of antibiotic residues in influents of Elazığ Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant. For this aim, composite sample was taken from the influents of the treatment plant and analyses were done. According to the results of the analyses, macrolides (azitromycin, clarithromycin, erithromycin), beta lactams (aztreonam, cefalosporines (cefamondole, cefepime, cefixime), rifampicine (rifamycin)) and sulfonamide (tetroxoprim) antibiotics were obtained in influents of Elazig Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant.
Advanced Design of Hierarchical Topographies in Metallic Surfaces by Combining Micro‐Coining and Laser Interference Patterning
Authors: Gachot Carsten , Rosenkranz Andreas , Wietbrock Burkhard , Hirt Gerhard , Mücklich Frank
Published: February 2013

A new process idea to create hierarchical surface structures is based on the combination of micro‐coining and laser interference patterning. Micro‐coining already proved to be a high precision cold bulk metal forging process which allows for the production of small surface structures in the range of 20–200 µm while fulfilling high requirements related to the geometrical accuracy of those structures. In addition to that, laser interference patterning utilizes interfering laser beams from a pulsed solid state Nd: YAG laser to generate precisely defined surface topographies with a long‐range order on the micron‐scale. For the first time, initial results of a process combination consisting of micro‐coining and laser interference metallurgy to induce hierarchical surface structures will be presented. The results highlight the advantages of the sequence micro‐coining prior to laser interference patterning due to smaller defects in contrast to the inverted process cycle. Additionally, process limitations such as shadowing which may result from steep flank angles of the coined structures and surface roughness effects are discussed by the use of finite element simulations within this research work.
Nanoparticle Direct Doping: Novel Method for Manufacturing Three‐Dimensional Bulk Plasmonic Nanocomposites
Authors: Gajc Marcin , Surma Hancza B. , Klos Andrzej , Sadecka Katarzyna , Orlinski Krzysztof , Nikolaenko Andrey E. , Zdunek Krzysztof , Pawlak Dorota A.
Published: February 2013

Metallodielectric materials with plasmonic resonances at optical and infrared wavelengths are attracting increasing interest, due to their potential novel applications in the fields of photonics, plasmonics and photovoltaics. However, simple and fast fabrication methods for three‐dimensional bulk plasmonic nanocomposites that offer control over the size, shape and chemical composition of the plasmonic elements have been missing. Here, such a manufacturing method and examples of experimental realizations of volumetric isotropic nanocomposites doped with plasmonic nanoparticles that exhibit resonances at visible and infrared wavelengths are presented. This method is based on doping a low‐melting dielectric material with plasmonic nanoparticles, using a directional glass‐solidification process. Transmission‐spectroscopy experiments confirm a homogenous distribution of the nanoparticles, isotropy of the material and resonant behavior. The phenomenon of localized surface plasmon resonance is also observed visually. This approach may enable rapid and cost‐efficient manufacturing of bulk nanoplasmonic composites with single or multiple resonances at various wavelength ranges. These composites could be isotropic or anisotropic, and potentially co‐doped with other chemical agents, in order to enhance different optical processes.
Effects of a silane coupling agent on the tensile adhesive strength between resin and titanium
Authors: Kato Takahiro , Kimura Hiroaki , Saigo Kazuhiko , Yamada Bunichiro , Yamauchi Jyunichi , Anraku Teruo
Published: February 2013

Adhesion of a cured dental opaquer, which masks metallic appearance and color, to sandblasted Ti aided by 3‐methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS) is investigated. The tensile bond strengths of Ti and the opaquer are 43.3 and 45.9 MPa, respectively, when MPTS dissolved in ethanol (6 wt %) and premixed with the opaquer (3 wt %) are applied to the sandblasted Ti surface. Mirror finishing alone and sandblasting alone result in the bond strengths of 1.8 and 21.3 MPa, respectively. After thermal cycling (4 and 60°C for 5000 cycles), the bond strengths of the Ti with sandblasting and the MPTS treatment remain higher than that of the Ti with sandblasting only. Sandblasting and the MPTS treatment effectively promote the adhesion of the opaquer to Ti that rapidly forms an oxide surface layer. The silane‐aided adhesion of the opaquer to the sandblasted NiCr, CoCr, and AuAgPd alloys attain adhesive strengths of 33.2, 31.9, and 31.6 MPa, respectively. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 2013
A correlation context‐aware approach for composite service selection
Authors: Zhang Mingwei , Liu Chengfei , Yu Jian , Zhu Zhiliang , Zhang Bin
Published: February 2013

Composite service selection is one of the core research issues in Web service composition. Because of the complex service correlation context, candidate services may perform differently when being used with other services. Presently, most service selection approaches ignore this issue, which makes the selected composite services less efficient than expected. To solve this problem, a service correlation context‐aware composite service selection approach is proposed on the basis of the concept of single‐entry single‐exit (SESE) region. The general process of our approach is as follows: (1) mining the SESE patterns that are frequently used together in the set of efficiently executed instances of a composite service; (2) dividing the process model of the composite service into SESE regions and generating the candidate SESE pattern set of each region, using the discovered SESE pattern set; and (3) optimizing composite service selection globally on the basis of QoS using divided regions as selection units and their candidate pattern sets as candidate service sets. Because SESE patterns are testified by large amount of efficiently executed instances, they have higher quality than the results of independent selection of services in an SESE region. Experimental results demonstrated that our approach can improve the quality of selected composite services effectively in the correlation context. Concurrency and Computation: Practice and Experience, 2012.© 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biegezugfestigkeit von Mauerwerk
Authors: Brameshuber Wolfgang , Schmidt Ulf
Published: February 2013

Dieser Beitrag liefert einen Einblick zu den wesentlichen Ergebnissen aus Untersuchungen zur Biegezugfestigkeit von Mauerwerk parallel und senkrecht zu den Lagerfugen aus [1], die am Institut für Bauforschung der RWTH Aachen University durchgeführten wurden. Eine umfangreiche Darstellung der Ergebnisse erscheint im Mauerwerk‐Kalender 2013 [2].
Großformatige Biegeversuche an Balken und wandartigen Trägern aus Leichtbeton‐Schalungssteinen
Authors: Bacht Tobias , Stempniewski Lothar
Published: February 2013

Im Rahmen eines von der Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen “Otto von Guericke“ e. V. (AiF) geförderten Forschungsprojektes wurden am Institut für Massivbau und Baustofftechnologie, Abteilung Massivbau des Karlsruher Instituts für Technologie (KIT, seit Oktober 2010; ehemals Universität Karlsruhe) Großversuche an Balken und wandartigen Trägern aus Schalungssteinen der Firma “Gisoton Wandsysteme“ (aus Aichstetten) durchgeführt. Es sollte untersucht werden, ob mit Hilfe von Balken oder wandartigen Trägern aus Schalungssteinen Tragfähigkeiten in der Größenordnung des klassischen Stahlbetons erreicht werden können, um Wandöffnungen beispielsweise für Tiefgarageneinfahrten im System überspannen zu können.

Full scale bending tests on beams and deep beams made of light‐weight concrete shuttering blocks. In the framework of a research project funded by the Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen “Otto von Guericke” e. V. (AiF) the Institute of Concrete Structures and Building Materials, Department Reinforced Concrete, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT, since October 2010; formerly University of Karlsruhe) carried out full scale bending tests on beams and deep beams made of lightweight concrete shuttering blocks produced by the company “Gisoton Wandsysteme” (from Aichstetten). It should be analysed if such beams and deep beams are offering load carrying capacities in the magnitude of classic reinforced concrete constructions to span larger wall openings (which are necessary for underground parking garage entrances, e.g.).
Zum Eurocode 6 – Fragen und Antworten
Authors: Jäger Wolfram
Published: February 2013

Unter dieser Rubrik werden Fragen beantwortet, die bei der Einarbeitung in den EC 6 entstehen. Die Wiedergabe erfolgt in jedem Falle anonymisiert. Sofern es um Verständnisfragen und Hintergrundinformationen geht, werden sie von den Beiratsmitgliedern beantwortet. Handelt es sich um Auslegungsfragen, wird der zuständige NABau‐Ausschuss NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Mauerwerksbau“ (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) mit einbezogen.

Mit dem Leserforum zum EC 6 soll der Praxis die Einarbeitung in das neue Normenpaket mit seinen Nationalen Anhängen erleichtert werden. Auch Sie können als Leser gern von dieser Rubrik Gebrauch machen und Ihre Fragen stellen (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).

Questions concerning the introduction of the EC 6. Under this heading questions are answered, arising from the application of EC 6. The questions are expressing anonymous in all cases. Provided that they concern the understanding and background information the answers will be given by members of the editorial board. If the questions are dealing with the interpretation of clauses of EC 6 the responsible code committee NA 005‐06‐01 AA “Masonry construction” (Sp CEN/TC 125, CEN/TC 250/SC 6) will be involved.

The practice should get help for the adjustment in the EC 6 and its National Annexes with this new category of contributions. The readers are invited to avail oneself of this chance very active (mauerwerk@ernst‐und‐sohn.de).

Die nachfolgenden Fragen und Antworten beziehen sich auf den Teil 1‐1 [1] sowie Teil 3 [3] von DIN EN 1996 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Nationalen Anhang [2] und [4].
On the uncertainty of CFD in sail aerodynamics
Authors: Viola I.M. , Bot P. , Riotte M.
Published: February 2013

A verification and validation procedure for yacht sail aerodynamics is presented. Guidelines and an example of application are provided. The grid uncertainty for the aerodynamic lift, drag and pressure distributions for the sails is computed. The pressures are validated against experimental measurements, showing that the validation procedure may allow the identification of modelling errors. Lift, drag and L2 norm of the pressures were computed with uncertainties of the order of 1%. Convergence uncertainty and round‐off uncertainty are several orders of magnitude smaller than the grid uncertainty. The uncertainty due to the dimension of the computational domain is computed for a flat plate at incidence and is found to be significant compared with the other uncertainties. Finally, it is shown how the probability that the ranking between different geometries is correct can be estimated knowing the uncertainty in the computation of the value used to rank. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular surveillance of rubella viruses in Taiwan from 2005 to 2011
Authors: Cheng Wen‐Yueh , Wang Hsiao‐Chi , Liu Ming‐Tsan , Wu Ho‐Sheng
Published: February 2013

Rubella has been listed as a mandatory notifiable disease in Taiwan since 1988. Because of high coverage rates with an effective vaccine, rubella cases have decreased dramatically in Taiwan since 1994. However, rubella outbreaks still occur due to imported transmission. Five large clusters were detected in Taiwan from 2007 to 2011. In 2007, one cluster was caused by rubella genotype 1E viruses that were imported from Vietnam, whereas another cluster was caused by genotype 2B viruses and was untraceable. In 2008, two clusters were caused by different lineages of genotype 1E viruses that were imported from Malaysia. In 2009, a cluster that was caused by genotype 2B viruses was associated with imported cases from Vietnam. The rubella viruses from 124 confirmed cases from 2005 to 2011 were characterized, and the data revealed that these viruses were distributed in the following four genotypes: 1E (n = 56), 1h (n = 1), 1j (n = 4), and 2B (n = 63). Of these viruses, 93 (75%) were associated with imported cases, and 43 of 56 genotype 1E viruses were associated with imported cases from China, Vietnam, Malaysia, and Indonesia. One genotype 1h virus was imported from Belarus, and three of four genotype 1j viruses were imported from the Philippines. Of 63 rubella genotype 2B viruses, 46 were imported from Vietnam, Thailand, Malaysia, China, Germany, and South Africa. Molecular surveillance allows for the differentiation of circulating rubella viruses and can be used to investigate transmission pathways, which are important to identify the interruption of endemic virus transmission. J. Med. Virol. 85:745–753, 2013. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Some aspects of the urban climates of Greater Cairo Region, Egypt
Authors: Robaa S. M.
Published: February 2013

Rapid urbanization and industrialization over Greater Cairo Region (GCR), Egypt, have resulted in sharp land cover changes. Urban change not only impacts on land cover but also on urban climate. Detailed studies on the effect of urbanization and industrialization processes on climatic elements in GCR have been performed in this study. Five different districts were selected to represent rural, suburban, urban and industrial areas in GCR. The data of monthly mean values of minimum, maximum and mean temperatures, wind speed, relative humidity, cloud amount and rainfall amounts for the period (1990–2010) were used. The results revealed that, for each district, whenever urbanization and/or industrialization increase, the values of minimum, maximum and mean temperatures increase while the values of wind speed, relative humidity, cloud amount and rainfall amounts decrease. The effects of industrialization processes on the climatic elements were found stronger than the effects of urbanization processes. The greatest urban–rural climatic differences were found to be 5.9, 3.1, 3.9 °C, 3.6 kt, 13.9%, 1.1 octas and 7.0 mm for the minimum, maximum and mean temperatures, wind speed, relative humidity, cloud amount and rainfall amounts, respectively, while the greatest industrial–rural climatic differences were found to be 6.7, 4.3, 4.4 °C, 4.4 kt, 17.6%, 1.7 octas and 8.0 mm for the minimum, maximum and mean temperatures, wind speed, relative humidity, cloud amount and rainfall amounts, respectively.
Functional movement disorders are not uncommon in the elderly
Authors: Batla Amit , Stamelou Maria , Edwards Mark J. , Pareés Isabel , Saifee Tabish A. , Fox Zoe , Bhatia Kailash P.
Published: February 2013

Background

Functional movement disorders (FMDs) are thought to be rare in the elderly. Clinical characteristics of the elderly people who develop FMDs are rarely reported. The objective of this study was to highlight the clinical characteristics of FMD in the elderly and compared these with a cohort of patients with a younger age of onset.

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective review of the clinical records of patients with FMD who were seen at their center in the last 5 years and had consented to be included in research studies. Patients fulfilling currently accepted diagnostic criteria for FMD as documented, clinically established, or probable were included.

Results

Of 151 patients with FMD who were identified and had sufficient information, 21.0% (n=33) had an onset after age 60 years (elderly group). The mean age of onset of FMD was 63.5 years (standard deviation, 5.2 years) in the elderly group and 35.5 years (standard deviation, 12.6 years) in the younger group. Tremor was the most common movement disorder in both groups (elderly group, 33.3%; younger group: 38.9%). Fixed dystonia was not observed in any patient who had an FMD onset after age 60 years. Gait abnormalities were significantly more common in the elderly group (69.7%) than in younger patients (23.5%; P<0.001). Associated psychogenic nonepileptic seizures tended to be more common in elderly patients (18.2%) compared with younger patients (13%; P=0.06).

Conclusions

Contrary to common perceptions, FMDs are not uncommon in the elderly, and 1 in 5 patients in the current cohort, onset of FMD occurred after age 60 years. Gait abnormalities and psychogenic nonepileptic seizures may be more common in older patients. © 2013 Movement Disorder Society
Central venous catheters and catheter locks in children with cancer: A prospective randomized trial of taurolidine versus heparin
Authors: Handrup Mette Møller , Møller Jens Kjølseth , Schrøder Henrik
Published: February 2013

Background

To determine if the catheter lock taurolidine can reduce the number of catheter‐related bloodstream infections (CRBSI) in pediatric cancer patients with tunneled central venous catheters (CVC).

Procedure

During a study period of 34 months, 129 newly placed tunneled CVCs in 112 patients were randomly assigned to standard lock with heparin solution or experimental lock with a taurolidine solution (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT00735813).

Results

Sixty‐five CVCs were included in the standard group and 64 CVCs in the experimental group. The groups were comparable regarding patients' characteristics. A total number of 72 bloodstream infections of which 33 were CRBSIs were observed during 39,127 CVC‐days. A lower rate of CRBSI (0.4 per 1,000 CVC‐days) was observed in the experimental arm compared with the standard arm (1.4 per 1,000 CVC‐days, incidence rate ratio (IRR) = 0.26; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.09–0.61; P = 0.001). A lower rate of total bloodstream infections (1.2 per 1,000 CVC‐days) was also observed in the experimental arm compared with the standard arm (2.5 per 1,000 CVC‐days, IRR = 0.49; 95% CI 0.29–0.82; P = 0.004). Median interval from catheter insertion until first CRBSI was significantly lower in the standard group (156 days, range 12–602) compared with the experimental group (300 days, range 12–1,176; P = 0.02). Premature removal of the CVC due to infection and overall CVC survival were similar in the two study groups.

Conclusion

Locking of long‐term tunneled CVC with taurolidine significantly reduces catheter‐related bloodstream infections in children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1292–1298. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Reduced cardiorespiratory fitness in adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Tonorezos Emily S. , Snell Peter G. , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Eshelman‐Kent Debra A. , Liu Jennifer E. , Chou Joanne F. , Smith Stephanie M. , Dunn Andrea L. , Church Timothy S. , Oeffinger Kevin C.
Published: February 2013

Background

Adult survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are at increased cardiovascular risk. Studies of factors including treatment exposures that may modify risk of low cardiorespiratory fitness in this population have been limited.

Procedure

To assess cardiorespiratory fitness, maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max) was measured in 115 ALL survivors (median age, 23.5 years; range 18–37). We compared VO2max measurements for ALL survivors to those estimated from submaximal testing in a frequency‐matched (age, gender, race/ethnicity) 2003–2004 National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) cohort. Multivariable linear regression models were constructed to evaluate the association between therapeutic exposures and outcomes of interest.

Results

Compared to NHANES participants, ALL survivors had a substantially lower VO2max (mean 30.7 vs. 39.9 ml/kg/min; adjusted P < 0.0001). For any given percent total body fat, ALL survivors had an 8.9 ml/kg/min lower VO2max than NHANES participants. For key treatment exposure groups (cranial radiotherapy [CRT], anthracycline chemotherapy, or neither), ALL survivors had substantially lower VO2max compared with NHANES participants (all comparisons, P < 0.001). Almost two‐thirds (66.7%) of ALL survivors were classified as low cardiorespiratory fitness compared with 26.3% of NHANES participants (adjusted P < 0.0001). In multivariable models including only ALL survivors, treatment exposures were modestly associated with VO2max. Among females, CRT was associated with low VO2max (P = 0.02), but anthracycline exposure was not (P = 0.58). In contrast, among males, anthracycline exposure ≥100 mg/m2 was associated with low VO2max (P = 0.03), but CRT was not (P = 0.54).

Conclusion

Adult survivors of childhood ALL have substantially lower levels of cardiorespiratory fitness compared with a similarly aged non‐cancer population. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2013;60:1358–1364. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Structural optimization of highly branched thermally responsive polymers as a means of controlling transition temperature
Authors: Chang Kai , Rubright Nathan C. , Lowery Patti D. , Taite Lakeshia J.
Published: February 2013

Highly branched “smart” polymers have emerged as a unique class of polymers with wide‐ranging applications. Poly(N‐isopropylacrylamide) (pNIPAAm) is at the forefront of stimuli‐responsive polymers; however, few transition temperature‐modification methods of linear pNIPAAm have been explored in highly branched systems. In this study, the three primary techniques of transition temperature modification of linear pNIPAAm are investigated for their efficacy on highly branched polymers. Of these techniques, cosolvent‐mediated tacticity control demonstrates an effect opposite of that which is expected. Temperature transition control via end‐group modification shows a marked decrease in efficacy in highly branched systems, despite highly branched systems having more end groups per polymer. Copolymerization with hydrophilic comonomers exhibits varying changes in efficacy compared to linear analogs, lending insights into the specific effects on the structured water surrounding the copolymer. While copolymerization proved to be most versatile in changing the transition temperature, all of the techniques showed interesting secondary effects. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem, 2013
The role of the Zagros orogeny in slowing down Arabia‐Eurasia convergence since ~5 Ma
Authors: Austermann Jacqueline , Iaffaldano Giampiero
Published: February 2013

Large topographic belts along convergent margins have been recognized with the ability to slowdown the kinematics of subduction over geologically short time periods (i.e., few Myr), because their associated gravitational spreading provides significant resistive force within the framework of plate tectonics. The record of past and present‐day plate kinematics provides important constraints on the dynamics of the lithosphere, because plate‐motion changes must reflect temporal changes in the balance of driving and resisting forces. Here we focus on the convergence between the Arabian and Eurasian plates, across the Zagros mountain belt. Relative motion across this plate boundary is reconstructed since 13 Ma from published paleomagnetic and geodetic data, and features a slowdown of ~30% from ~5 Ma to the present day. We employ global dynamic models of the mantle/lithosphere system to test whether the most recent uplift across the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone, including the Zagros orogeny, may induce the observed slowdown since 5 Ma. Specifically, we use constraints from the geologic record to infer past topography and quantify its influence on the convergence rate between Arabia and Eurasia. We test the sensitivity of our models to assumptions made in estimating the paleoelevation by perturbing the orogeny parameterization within reasonable ranges. Finally, we speculate on the potential effects of Tethys slab break‐off, changes of the deformation style within the collision zone, and the Afar plume on the dynamics of convergence. Our results indicate that orogenic uplift across the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone played a key role in slowing down convergence since ~5 Ma.
Detecting spatial aggregation from distance sampling: a probability distribution model of nearest neighbor distance
Authors: Gao Meng
Published: February 2013

Spatial point pattern is an important tool for describing the spatial distribution of species in ecology. Negative binomial distribution (NBD) is widely used to model spatial aggregation. In this paper, we derive the probability distribution model of event‐to‐event nearest neighbor distance (distance from a focal individual to itsn‐th nearest individual). Compared with the probability distribution model of point‐to‐event nearest neighbor distance (distance from a randomly distributed sampling point to then‐th nearest individual), the new probability distribution model is more flexible. We propose that spatial aggregation can be detected by fitting this probability distribution model to event‐to‐event nearest neighbor distances. The performance is evaluated using both simulated and empirical spatial point patterns.
Environmental determinants of seasonal changes in bird diversity of Mediterranean oakwoods
Authors: Seoane Javier , Villén‐Pérez Sara , Carrascal Luis M.
Published: February 2013

The strong season‐to‐season variation (seasonality) in abiotic factors and productivity shape the changing patterns of species distribution and diversity throughout the year in temperate ecosystems. However, the determinants of seasonal changes within animal communities have rarely been explored, and the prognosis of community variation typically relies on identifying simple factors (e.g., mean temperature) that are assumed to have a constant effect throughout the year. Here we analyze the competing and changing roles of biotic (vegetation structure and phenology) and abiotic (temperature and elevation) factors in determining the richness and nestedness of montane Mediterranean oakwoods (central Spain) bird species in winter and spring. In winter, the most energy‐demanding period, birds prefer mature forests with higher nocturnal temperatures where they can minimize thermoregulation costs during the long winter nights. In spring, which is the breeding season, spatial variation of species richness and nestedness is more deterministic than in winter. Breeding birds prefer lower forests with cooler temperatures at midday (presumably to avoid summer overheating stress), less unpredictable weather, and where trees develop leaves earlier (suggesting that birds, particularly those that prey on folivorous insects, would be able to breed early in the season). Thus, although both biotic and abiotic factors take part in the assemblage of local communities, the intervening specific components vary between seasons. For example, temperature—the factor most widely used to forecast future community changes—had opposite effects in winter than in spring. These results highlight the importance of fine‐grained scale studies in accounting for temporal variation to understand both current and future regional biodiversity patterns.
Reaper homologue IBM1 in silkworm Bombyx mori induces apoptosis upon baculovirus infection
Authors: Wu Yu , Wu Yejun , Hui Tang , Wu Huiling , Wu Yan , Wang Wenbing
Published: February 2013

Ibm1 physically interacts with IAP2 by anti tag coimmunoprecipitation (View Interaction: 1, 2)
Sham Manual Medicine Protocol for Cervical Strain‐Counterstrain Research
Authors: Brose Steven W. , Jennings David C. , Kwok Joseph , Stuart Corinne L. , O'Connell Stephen M. , Pauli Heather A. , Liu Betty
Published: February 2013

Objective

To describe the development of a sham manual medicine protocol.

Setting

An academic physical medicine and rehabilitation clinic.

Participants

Twenty‐six persons with cervical tender points were included in the pilot study. Exclusion criteria entailed cervical disk herniations or diskitis, cancer, current incarceration, or any condition that prevented small‐range passive neck movements. Subjects were also excluded if, in the past 3 months, they had received cervical or thoracic spine surgery, osteopathic manipulation, or workers' compensation benefits.

Interventions

The subjects were sequentially assigned to receive either sham or strain‐counterstrain treatment. The subjects filled out pre‐ and posttreatment questionnaires. Fifteen subjects were in the sham group, and 11 were in the treatment group.

Main Outcome Measures

Outcome measures included subject tolerance of manual medicine, change in pain level, and ability to accurately determine receipt of strain‐counterstrain or sham technique. Statistical significance was set at P < .05.

Results

There were no adverse effects of the sham or treatment protocols. There was no statistically significant change in pain as a result of the sham manual medicine protocol (P = .222) in contrast to the strain‐counterstrain group, which did have decreased pain (P = .014). The subjects were unable to determine whether they had received sham or strain‐counterstrain technique (P = .850).

Conclusion

The sham protocol developed for this study was well tolerated. The small study size and design limitations do not yet allow the sham protocol developed in this pilot study to be definitively validated as a manual medicine tool, but there are early indications that it may be useful. Larger studies that validate this sham protocol by addressing inter‐ and intra‐rater reliability are needed, followed by studies that evaluate strain‐counterstrain as a treatment modality.
Localized edge states in the asymptotic suction boundary layer
Authors: Khapko T. , Kreilos T. , Schlatter P. , Duguet Y. , Eckhardt B. , Henningson D. S.
Published: February 2013

The dynamics on the laminar–turbulent separatrix is investigated numerically for boundary-layer flows in the subcritical regime. Constant homogeneous suction is applied at the wall, resulting in a parallel asymptotic suction boundary layer (ASBL). When the numerical domain is sufficiently extended in the spanwise direction, the coherent structures found by edge tracking are invariably localized and their dynamics shows bursts that drive a remarkable regular or irregular spanwise dynamics. Depending on the parameters, the asymptotic dynamics on the edge can be either periodic in time or chaotic. A clear mechanism for the regeneration of streaks and streamwise vortices emerges in all cases and is investigated in detail.
Schizophrenia genetic variants are not associated with intelligence
Authors: van Scheltinga A. F. Terwisscha , Bakker S. C. , van Haren N. E. M. , Derks E. M. , Buizer-Voskamp J. E. , Cahn W. , Ripke S. , Ophoff R. A. , Kahn R. S.
Published: February 2013

Background

Schizophrenia is associated with lower pre-morbid intelligence (IQ) in addition to (pre-morbid) cognitive decline. Both schizophrenia and IQ are highly heritable traits. Therefore, we hypothesized that genetic variants associated with schizophrenia, including copy number variants (CNVs) and a polygenic schizophrenia (risk) score (PSS), may influence intelligence.

Method

IQ was estimated with the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). CNVs were determined from single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data using the QuantiSNP and PennCNV algorithms. For the PSS, odds ratios for genome-wide SNP data were calculated in a sample collected by the Psychiatric Genome-Wide Association Study (GWAS) Consortium (8690 schizophrenia patients and 11 831 controls). These were used to calculate individual PSSs in our independent sample of 350 schizophrenia patients and 322 healthy controls.

Results

Although significantly more genes were disrupted by deletions in schizophrenia patients compared to controls (p = 0.009), there was no effect of CNV measures on IQ. The PSS was associated with disease status (R2 = 0.055, p = 2.1 × 10−7) and with IQ in the entire sample (R2 = 0.018, p = 0.0008) but the effect on IQ disappeared after correction for disease status.

Conclusions

Our data suggest that rare and common schizophrenia-associated variants do not explain the variation in IQ in healthy subjects or in schizophrenia patients. Thus, reductions in IQ in schizophrenia patients may be secondary to other processes related to schizophrenia risk.
ROCHESTER'S BRONZE SCRAG AND PEARL NECKLACE: BRONZED MASCULINITY INJANE EYRE,SHIRLEY, AND CHARLOTTE BRONTË’S JUVENILIA
Authors: Pike Judith E.
Published: February 2013

In the past twenty years, given theburgeoning field of postcolonial studies and its inquiry into the identity politics of race, ethnicity, and imperialism, significantly more critical attention has been paid to Charlotte Brontë's portrayal of Bertha Rochester inJane Eyre(1847) than in the prior one hundred and forty years of Brontë scholarship. While inThe Madwoman and the Attic(1979), Gilbert and Gubar present an earlier reading of Bertha as “Jane's truest and darkest double” (360), any reading of Bertha's darkest in terms of a cultural or racialized identity came about in later criticism. Gayatri Spivak was instrumental in positioning Bertha within a discourse of imperialism rather than reading her merely in psychological terms, which then precipitated more recent studies on Bertha's colonial heritage, her financial and cultural imperialist inheritance and her ambiguous ethnic status as a Creole women. Contemporary critics have also addressed how Rochester in a sense becomes Bertha's “truest and darkest double.” However, his darkness has proven to be far more quizzical, for unlike Bertha he is neither Creole nor raised in the West Indies; quite to the contrary, Rochester was desired by the Masons precisely because of his heritage, being “of a good race.” Still, as readers, we have had to grapple with Brontë's numerous descriptions of Rochester's dark visage.
How Technology Influences the Therapeutic Process: Evaluation of the Patient-Therapist Relationship in Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy and In Vivo Exposure Therapy
Authors: Wrzesien Maja , Bretón-López Juana , Botella Cristina , Burkhardt Jean-Marie , Alcañiz Mariano , Pérez-Ara María Ángeles , del Amo Antonio Riera
Published: February 2013

Background: New technologies have slowly become a part of psychologists’ therapeutic office. However, many therapists still have doubts about the possibility of creating a good therapeutic relationship with patients in the presence of technology. Aims: This study evaluates the development of the therapeutic alliance in individuals with small animal phobia disorder who were treated with Augmented Reality Exposure Therapy or In Vivo Exposure Therapy. Method: Twenty-two participants received an intensive session of cognitive behavioural therapy in either a technology-mediated therapeutic context or in a traditional therapeutic context. Results: The results show no significant difference for the therapeutic alliance between two conditions. Conclusions: The results seem to show that technologies such as Augmented Reality do not represent a danger to negatively influence the therapeutic alliance.
Irrelevant Stimulus Processing When Switching Between Tasks
Authors: Wendt * Mike , Kiesel * Andrea , Mathew Hanna , Luna-Rodriguez Aquiles , Jacobsen Thomas
Published: February 2013

Frequent switching between two tasks afforded by the same stimuli is associated with between-task congruency effects, that is, relatively impaired performance when a stimulus affords different responses as compared to the same responses in both tasks. These congruency effects indicate some form of application of the stimulus-response (S-R) rules of the currently irrelevant task. Between-task congruency effects are usually enhanced on task switch trials compared with task repetition trials. Here we investigate whether this interaction reflects stronger proactive interference from the irrelevant task on switch trials or whether performance on switch trials is characterized by generally enhanced susceptibility to task-irrelevant information processing. To this end, we contrasted between-task congruency effects with interference exerted from flanker stimuli taken from the current task (Experiment 1) and from spatial-numerical association of response codes (SNARC; Experiment 2). In both experiments, between-task congruency effects were larger on switch trials than on repetition trials, whereas interference from the other source remained constant, thus demonstrating that switch trials are not characterized by generally increased distractibility.
Critical ESR of output capacitor for stability of fixed off‐time controlled buck converter
Authors: Bao B.C. , Zhang X. , Xu J.P. , Wang J.P.
Published: February 2013

Fixed off‐time control, contrasting with constant on‐time control, has been widely used for power supply controllers in industry owing to its fast transient response. However the equivalent series resistance (ESR) of the output capacitor has a great effect on the control performance. In this reported work, the critical ESR of the output capacitor for the stability of the fixed off‐time controlled buck converter is derived by quantitative analysis and verified by circuit simulations, which indicates that the converter is in normal operation when the ESR is larger than the critical ESR, otherwise the converter works abnormally.