bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
2D hybrid nanostructures of MoSe2⊥sisal fiber activated carbon for enhanced Li storage performance
Authors: Wei Lixue , Zheng Shuang , Qin Aimiao , Liao Lei , Chen Shuoping , Zhang Kaiyou
Published: June 2020

An originality hibrid nanostructure of MoSe2 nanosheets developed in the vertical direction in two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous nanosheets surface of sisal fiber activated carbon (MoSe2⊥SFAC) was obtained through hydrothermal and annealed processes. The microscopic
size is about 10 nm and 1-nm-thick MoSe2 nanosheets. The novel nanostructure of MoSe2⊥SFAC shows a high specific surface area and mesoporous feature, which displays great application prospects in lithium ion batteries (LIBs). The MoSe2⊥SFAC electrode
remains a detailed discharging capacity reaching 501.3 mAh g-1 at 0.1 A g-1 after 50 cycles, and 224.6 mAh g-1 at 1 A g-1 over 500 cycles, with corresponding coulombic efficiency closing to 100%. In contrast to the pure sisal fiber activated carbon,
MoSe2⊥SFAC has a higher lithium ion diffusion coefficient, thus ensuring the rapid transmission of lithium ions.
Etch characteristics of nanoscale ultra low-k dielectric using C3H2F6
Authors: Tak Hyun Woo , Jang Jun Ki , Sung Dain , Kim Doo San , Kim Dong Woo , Yeom Geun Young
Published: June 2020

Next generation semiconductor devices require ultra low dielectric constant (ULK) materials such as porous SiCOH on the back end of line structure for lower resistance and capacitance (RC) time delay, however, these ULK materials are easily damaged by the exposure to plasmas during
the etching. In this study, etch characteristics of nanoscale TiN masked porous SiCOH such as etch rate, etch profile, surface damage, etc. and plasma characteristics by using C3H2F6 based gases have been investigated with a dual-frequency capacitively coupled
plasma system (DF-CCP) and the results were compared with those by using conventional C4F8 based gases used for low-k dielectric etching. The results showed that, for the similar etch rates and etch profiles of porous SiCOH, lower sidewall damage was observed for the
etching with the C3H2F6 compared to the C4F8. The analysis showed that it was related to less UV (less than 400 nm) emission and less fluorine radicals in the plasma for C3 H2F6 compared to C4F8,
which leads to less fluorine diffusion to the sidewall surface of the etched porous SiCOH by the fluorine scavenging by hydrogen in C3H2F6.
Facile synthesis and characterization of graphene oxide/prussian blue/amino-terminated perylene derivative nanomaterials
Authors: Pan Deng , Liu Chang , Dai Lei , Shen Han
Published: June 2020

We report a facile and effective way to prepare graphene oxide/prussian blue/amino-terminated perylene derivative nanomaterials (GO/PB/PTCNH2). The morphology, size and function of prepared carbon-based composite material were characterized by using field emission scanning
electron microscope (FE-SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis spectrophotometer and electrochemical technology. As a result, PB nanoparticles and PTCNH2 were uniformly dispersed on a typical origami GO sheet, and GO/PB/PTCNH2
nanocomposite had good stability and electrochemical properties.
Optimal Estimation Retrievals and Their Uncertainties: What Every Atmospheric Scientist Should Know
Authors: Maahn Maximilian , Turner David D. , Löhnert Ulrich , Posselt Derek J. , Ebell Kerstin , Mace Gerald G. , Comstock Jennifer M.
Published: June 2020

Remote sensing instruments are heavily used to provide observations for both the operational and research communities. These sensors do not provide direct observations of the desired atmospheric variables, but instead, retrieval algorithms are necessary to convert the indirect observations into the variable of interest. It is critical to be aware of the underlying assumptions made by many retrieval algorithms, including that the retrieval problem is often ill posed and that there are various sources of uncertainty that need to be treated properly. In short, the retrieval challenge is to invert a set of noisy observations to obtain estimates of atmospheric quantities. The problem is often complicated by imperfect forward models, by imperfect prior knowledge, and by the existence of nonunique solutions. Optimal estimation (OE) is a widely used physical retrieval method that combines measurements, prior information, and the corresponding uncertainties based on Bayes’s theorem to find an optimal solution for the atmospheric state. Furthermore, OE also allows the relative contributions of the different sources of error to the uncertainty in the final retrieved atmospheric state to be understood. Here, we provide a novel Python library to illustrate the use of OE for inverse problems in the atmospheric sciences. We introduce two example problems: how to retrieve drop size distribution parameters from radar observations and how to retrieve the temperature profile from ground-based microwave sensors. Using these examples, we discuss common pitfalls, how the various error sources impact the retrieval, and how the quality of the retrieval results can be quantified.
Addressing Challenging Mathematics Standards With At-Risk Learners: A Randomized Controlled Trial on the Effects of Fractions Intervention at Third Grade
Authors: Fuchs Lynn S. , Wang Amber Y. , Preacher Kristopher J. , Malone Amelia S. , Fuchs Douglas , Pachmayr Rachel
Published: June 2020

The purposes of this study were to assess the effects of fractions intervention for students who are at risk for poor outcomes and to examine whether a component that combines self-regulated learning with growth-mindset instruction (SR-GM) provides added value for improving outcomes. At-risk students ( N = 84) were randomly assigned to three conditions: fractions intervention, fractions intervention with embedded SR-GM, and a control group. Intervention was conducted three times per week for 35 min per session for 13 weeks. Multilevel models indicated both fractions intervention conditions produced strong effects, with no added value for SR-GM. Posttest fractions achievement gaps for both intervention conditions held steady, narrowed, or closed, whereas the control group’s gaps remained sizeable or grew. Results suggest that intervention can address challenging mathematics standards for at-risk learners and that SR-GM instruction may not be necessary in the context of strong intervention.
The sources of North Korean conduct: Is Pyongyang really going non-nuclear?
Authors: Ahn Mun Suk
Published: June 2020

The Kim Jong Un regime recently shifted from an emphasis on military power to an ‘economy first’ policy. The shift was driven by a pragmatic calculation, on the part of the North Korean leader, recognizing that the stability of the regime depends on economic development. Kim hopes that a shift from nuclear confrontation to diplomacy will result in the lifting of Western sanctions. It is important that the United States interprets Kim’s intentions correctly, and tries to strike a deal with North Korea.
Fault-tolerant attitude control for flexible spacecraft subject to input and state constraint
Authors: Golestani Mehdi , Esmaeilzadeh Seyed Majid , Xiao Bing
Published: June 2020

This paper considers the problem of fault-tolerant attitude control for a flexible spacecraft subject to input and state constraint. Particularly, a new sliding mode-based attitude control with fixed-time convergent for the flexible spacecraft is developed in which the convergence rate of the system state is improved both far from and at close range of the origin. In contrast to the existing complicated prescribed performance controls (PPC), the proposed PPC possesses a much simpler structure due to the use of a novel constraint concept without employing error transformation. It also introduces a modified prescribed performance function (MPPF) to explicitly determine the settling time. It is rigorously proved that the attitude variable is kept within the predefined constraint boundaries even when the actuator saturation is taken into account. Moreover, the proposed controller is inherently continuous and the chattering is effectively reduced. An adaptive mechanism is developed in which no prior knowledge of the lumped uncertainties is required. Finally, numerical simulations are presented to demonstrate that the proposed controller is able to successfully accomplish attitude control with high attitude pointing accuracy and stability. More specifically, it provides faster convergence (improvement percentage of convergence time (IP_CT) is about 18%) and more accurate control (improvement percentages of MRPs (IP_MRPs) and angular velocity (IP_AV) are about 60% and 80%, respectively) under healthy actuators. Values of IP_CT, IP_CT, and IP_AV are 50%, 99.9% and 99.9% under faulty actuators, respectively.
Criminogenic Policy Antithetical to Peace Policy: A Case Study of NAFTA as a Violation of International Law
Authors: Patten Daniel
Published: June 2020

Successful peace policy that enshrines human rights allows individuals to thrive economically, politically, and socially with minimal conflict. Building from literature on crimes of globalization, genocide, and human rights, the current research investigates the concept of a criminogenic policy that at its core is antithetical to peace policy. Using case study analysis, North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) is found to be both criminal and criminogenic in violation of international law for two primary reasons. First, the NAFTA negotiation process was criminal and criminogenic for three interrelated reasons: (1) powerful elites heavily influenced the outcome, (2) it was undemocratic, and (3) the opposition was often repressed. Second, the NAFTA policy itself was criminal and criminogenic for two reasons: (1) NAFTA as a policy ignored all of the critical voices that predicted negative outcomes and (2) the written text of NAFTA is criminal for failing to include human rights protections while offering a litany of rights to protect business investment.
Application of intraoperative electrophysiological monitoring in vertebral canal decompression surgery for acute spinal cord injury
Authors: Li Qun-Xi , Zhao Xiao-Jing , Li Xiang-Nan , Fu Ai-Jun , Zhang Yun-He , Chen Tong , Liu Tie-Jun , Zheng Fu-Xia , Li Jian-Min
Published: June 2020

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the joint monitoring of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) and motor evoked potentials (MEPs) in vertebral canal decompression surgery for acute spinal cord injury.

Methods

Twenty-four patients, who were admitted to the hospital for the surgical treatment of spinal cord injury with SEP and MEP monitoring, were assigned to the intraoperative monitoring group (group I). In addition, 24 patients who were admitted to the hospital for the surgical treatment of spinal cord injury without SEP or MEP monitoring were assigned to the control group (group C).

Results

In group I, there were significant changes before and after decompression surgery in the P40 latency and amplitude, and in the latency of MEP in the abductor hallucis brevis (AHB), in patients with improved spinal nerve function following surgery. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the P40 latency or amplitude, or the latency of MEP in the AHB, in patients who showed no improvement after surgery.

Conclusion

In vertebral canal decompression surgery for acute spinal cord injury, the application of joint MEP and SEP monitoring can timely reflect changes in spinal cord function.
Clinical features related to hospital expenses for non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis in China
Authors: Ma Yanliang , Liu Daishun , Ji Yingqun , Wei Xuemei , Pan Dianzhu , Xu Fei , Di Qingguo , Chen Xiaoju , Luo Fengming , Zhang Jiujin , Ou Guiying , Zhang Yan , Li Kaishu , Zhang Dong , Wang Wanping , Xu Jinfu , Li Jianying , Zhu Dan , Tian Feng , Fan Manqi
Published: June 2020

Objective

Bronchiectasis is a common chronic airway disease. We investigated the economic burden and associated factors of bronchiectasis in China.

Methods

In this multicenter retrospective cohort study, we reviewed medical records of patients admitted to 18 tertiary hospitals during 2010 to 2014 with a bronchiectasis-related diagnosis.

Results

A total 5469 patients with bronchiectasis were admitted, accounting for 3.13% ± 1.80% of all discharged patients with any diagnosis during the same period; 13 patients died upon discharge. The median hospitalization cost was RMB 8421.52 (RMB 5849.88–12,294.47). Risk factors associated with hospitalization costs included age at admission (>70 vs. <40 years, odds ratio (OR) = 1.221, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.082–1.379; >80 vs. <40 years, OR = 1.251, 95% CI = 1.089–1.438), smoking (≤15 packs/year vs. non-smokers, OR = 1.125, 95% CI = 1.006–1.271; >15 packs/year vs. non-smokers, OR = 1.127, 95% CI = 1.062–1.228), length of hospitalization (OR = 1.05, 95% CI = 1.046–1.054), combination antibiotic treatment (OR = 1.089, 95% CI = 1.033–1.148), cough (OR = 0.851, 95% CI = 0.751–0.965), dyspnea (OR = 0.93, 95% CI = 0.878–0.984), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OR = 0.935, 95% CI = 0.878–0.996), respiratory failure (OR = 0.923, 95% CI = 0.862–0.989), cor pulmonale (OR = 0.919, 95% CI = 0.859–0.982), and death (OR = 1.816, 95% CI = 1.113–2.838).

Conclusions

Age, smoking status, symptoms, and respiratory comorbidities were associated with hospitalization costs of bronchiectasis.
Association between EFHD2 gene polymorphisms and schizophrenia among the Han population in northern China
Authors: Gao Meng , Zeng Kuo , Li Ya , Liu Yong-ping , Xia Xi , Xu Feng-ling , Yao Jun , Wang Bao-jie
Published: June 2020

Objective

Schizophrenia is a severe neurodevelopmental disorder with a complex genetic and environmental etiology. The gene encoding EF-hand domain-containing protein D2 ( EFHD2) may be a genetic risk locus for schizophrenia.

Methods

We genotyped four EFHD2 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (281 schizophrenia cases [SCZ], 321 controls) from northern Chinese Han individuals using Sanger sequencing and polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Differences existed in genotype, allele, and haplotype frequency distributions between SCZ and control groups.

Results

The rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls; however, this difference disappeared after Bonferroni correction. Differences in rs2473357 genotype and allele frequency distributions between SCZ and controls were more pronounced in men than in women. The G allele increased schizophrenia risk (odds ratio = 1.807, 95% confidence interval = 1.164–2.803). Among six haplotypes (G–, A–, G-insC, A-C, G-C, and G-T), the G– haplotype frequency distribution differed between SCZ and controls in women; the A-C and G-C haplotype frequency distributions differed between SCZ and controls in men.

Conclusions

EFHD2 may be involved in schizophrenia. Sex differences in EFHD2 genotype and allele frequency distributions existed among schizophrenia patients. Further research is needed to determine the role of EFHD2 in schizophrenia.
Effectiveness of Self-Compassion Intervention on Criminal Thinking in Male Prisoners
Authors: Rezapour-Mirsaleh Yasser , Shafizadeh Roya , Shomali Mahdi , Sedaghat Raziyeh
Published: June 2020

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of self-compassion intervention on criminal thinking in male prisoners. A quasi-experimental design utilizing pre-test, post-test, and follow-up test and waiting-list control groups was conducted. A total of 24 male prisoners were selected by purposeful sampling and randomized into experimental and waiting list control groups. Participants of experimental group received eight sessions of self-compassion intervention; and all participants answered to psychological inventory of criminal thinking styles (PICTS) as dependent variable at three time points (pre-test, post-test, and 2-month follow-up). A repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze the data. Results showed criminal thinking was significantly decreased in experimental group, as compared to control, at post-test phase ( p < .01); and improvement of criminal thinking in the follow-up phase has also been continued ( p < .05). Therefore, to reduce criminal behaviors or rehabilitation of prisoners, self-compassion based intervention can be used.
Managing the unexpected: Carcinosarcoma of the kidney parenchyma A case with the longest follow-up
Authors: Ndrevataj Drilona , Mantica Guglielmo , Piol Nataniele , Cavo Alessia , Spina Bruno , Toncini Carlo , Boccardo Francesco , Terrone Carlo
Published: June 2020

Introduction:

We present the management of the second reported case of carcinosarcoma of the kidney parenchyma with malignant degeneration of both epithelial and mesenchymal components.

Case report:

A 36-year-old woman came to our attention for an incidental sonographic finding of a lesion in the lower pole of the left kidney. A contrasted computed tomography scan confirmed the presence of a 50 × 52 mm2 contrasted lesion in the left lower kidney pole. The patient underwent a challenging laparoscopic left partial nephrectomy and para-aortic lymphadenectomy. The histological examination led to the diagnosis of a carcinosarcoma of the kidney parenchyma with malignant degeneration of both epithelial and mesenchymal components. The patient underwent adjuvant chemotherapy with paclitaxel at 175 mg/m2 plus carboplatin area under the curve 6 intravenously for six cycles. At a follow-up of 42 months, the patient is alive and does not show any local recurrences or distant metastases.

Conclusion:

A multi-disciplinary therapeutic approach, combined with an adequate doctor–patient relationship and a close and detailed follow-up, is of fundamental importance in obtaining good outcomes in such rare and challenging cases.
Early Detection of Dyslexia Risk: Development of Brief, Teacher-Administered Screens
Authors: Fletcher Jack M. , Francis David J. , Foorman Barbara R. , Schatschneider Christopher
Published: June 2020

Many states now mandate early screening for dyslexia, but vary in how they address these mandates. There is confusion about the nature of screening versus diagnostic assessments, risk versus diagnosis, concurrent versus predictive validity, and inattention to indices of classification accuracy as the basis for determining risk. To help define what constitutes a screening assessment, we summarize efforts to develop short (3–5 min), teacher-administered screens that used multivariate strategies for variable selection, item response theory to select items that are most discriminating at a threshold for predicting risk, and statistical decision theory. These methods optimize prediction and lower the burden on teachers by reducing the number of items needed to evaluate risk. A specific goal of these efforts was to minimize decision errors that would result in the failure to identify a child as at risk of dyslexia/reading problems (false negatives) despite the inevitable increase in identifications of children who eventually perform in the typical range (false positives). Five screens, developed for different periods during kindergarten, Grade 1, and Grade 2, predicted outcomes measured later in the same school year (Grade 2) or in the subsequent year (Grade 1). The results of this approach to development are applicable to other screening methods, especially those that attempt to predict those children at risk of dyslexia prior to the onset of reading instruction. Without reliable and valid early predictive screening measures that reduce the burden on teachers, early intervention and prevention of dyslexia and related reading problems will be difficult.
Preventing Relationship Abuse Among College Students: A Controlled Trial of the Skills for Healthy Adult Relationships (SHARe) Program
Authors: Webermann Aliya R. , Murphy Christopher M. , Singh Rupsha , Schacht Rebecca L.
Published: June 2020

Intimate partner violence (IPV), which includes emotional, physical, and sexual violence in casual/dating and committed relationships, occurs at disproportionately high rates among college students. Prevention in college-age years is developmentally crucial, as college is associated with IPV risk. Relationship skills training has shown preliminary efficacy in decreasing IPV among college students. This article presents data from a controlled trial of Skills for Healthy Adult Relationships ( SHARe), a weekly eight-session (12-hr) group program for college students, which aims to prevent interpersonal conflict and IPV through enhancing positive communication, reducing negative communication, promoting positive relationship attitudes, and strengthening ability to self-regulate in interpersonal contexts. Sixty-two college students (54.8% female) were allocated to the SHARe group or a wait-list control by randomizing to condition and then reassigning some individuals to control based on schedule availability to attend groups. Participants completed self-report measures of positive and negative communication, interpersonal confidence, and perpetration of physical, emotional, psychological, injurious, and sexual violence at baseline, post-group, and at a 3-month follow-up. At baseline, participants reported low levels of recent severe IPV perpetration, but controls reported higher levels of emotional abuse. Analyses controlled for baseline IPV. SHARe participants reported significantly higher confidence in their ability to manage conflicts at post-intervention and significantly lower psychological aggression at the follow-up compared with wait-listed controls. At the 3-month follow-up, self-reported perpetration of psychological abuse was 1.5 times higher for wait-list controls versus SHARe participants. The findings indicate that SHARe can help college students improve their interpersonal skills and develop healthy, non-abusive relationships.
Geography, ownership and uneven trends in the economic performance of small banking centres in Europe during the financial crisis
Authors: Blažek Jiří , Hejnová Tereza
Published: June 2020

The current phase of intensive globalisation, digitisation, the expansion of fintech companies and the overall impacts of the recent crisis seem to spur further concentration in the banking sector in terms of both the number of banks in operation and the number of banking centres. This research is motivated by the fact that, in contrast to leading financial and banking centres that attract considerable research attention, small banking centres have remained under-researched, despite their large number and the important role they play in their host communities and regions. This paper deals with the recent evolutionary dynamics of 199 small European banking centres and is based on an analysis of the economic performance of individual banks aggregated at the city level where they have their headquarters. The analysed indicators cover size, profitability and the level of risk of particular banks over the 2004–2015 period. In addition, the data were analysed for three basic European macro-regions (western Europe, southern Europe and central and eastern Europe) and in terms of the ownership of the banks headquartered in particular centres (foreign versus domestic). Our investigation shows that, even though a significant decline has been observed in the number of these centres, the financial performance of banks headquartered in small financial centres differs widely, depending significantly upon the European macro-region (a decisive number of defunct banking centres was concentrated in southern Europe) and the ownership structure.
Impediments to free movement of Chinese seafarers in the maritime labour market
Authors: Zhao Zhiwei , Walters David , Shan Desai
Published: June 2020

With economic reform, in China, labour turnover of seafarers became more possible. However, little attention has been paid to its consequences. A limited literature indicates that Chinese seafarers may leave state-owned enterprises to become freelance seafarers, working in the global labour market for better wages and employment conditions. There have been predictions of a substantial increase in seafarer export, with China becoming the top labour supplier to the global maritime industry. However, such expectations have been largely unmet. Through 157 qualitative interviews with seafarers and managers in Chinese ship crewing agencies, we explore some reasons why this may be so. The findings suggest that Chinese seafarers are in fact limited in their willingness and ability to leave their companies. This is due to a complex mixture of organisational, regulatory, infrastructural and personal contexts that are their everyday experience of work in China. Analysis further suggests that the underdevelopment of a national regulatory infrastructure and welfare support mechanism for seafarers, along with poor implementation of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006, combine to limit the extent of the reform of the Chinese seafaring labour market. Together, these factors help to explain why China’s seafaring labour export has been far lower than anticipated.

JEL Codes: D40, E24, F66, J61, J83
Molecular evidence for vaccine-induced canine distemper virus and canine adenovirus 2 coinfection in a fennec fox
Authors: Tamukai Kenichi , Minami Shohei , Kurihara Rio , Shimoda Hiroshi , Mitsui Ikki , Maeda Ken , Une Yumi
Published: June 2020

A 61-d-old fennec fox ( Vulpes zerda), 11 d after receiving a multivalent, modified-live virus vaccine containing canine distemper virus (CDV), canine adenovirus 2 (CAdV-2), parainfluenza virus, parvovirus, and canine coronavirus, developed oculonasal discharge, and subsequently convulsions, and hemoptysis, and died. Microscopic changes in the cerebrum were evident, including neuronal degeneration and necrosis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies were observed in astrocytes. CDV was detected in the brain tissue by immunohistochemistry. Pulmonary lesions of multifocal necrotizing bronchopneumonia had Cowdry type A intranuclear inclusions in the bronchial epithelial cells. Electron microscopy revealed crystalline arrays of adenovirus-like particles within the intranuclear inclusions. Additionally, the hemagglutinin gene of CDV and the CAdV-2 DNA polymerase gene were detected in the fennec fox; sequence analysis showed 100% identity with those of the vaccine strain viruses. To our knowledge, vaccine-induced CDV and CAdV-2 coinfections using molecular analysis have not been reported previously. Therefore, vaccine strains should be considered prior to CDV vaccination in nondomestic carnivores.
Experiencing Cybersecurity One Game at a Time: A Systematic Review of Cybersecurity Digital Games
Authors: Coenraad Merijke , Pellicone Anthony , Ketelhut Diane Jass , Cukier Michel , Plane Jan , Weintrop David
Published: June 2020

Background. Cybersecurity is of increasing importance in our interconnected world, yet the field has a growing workforce deficit and an underrepresentation of women and people of color. In an effort to address these issues, many digital games have been created to teach individuals about cybersecurity and keeping themselves, their data, and their networks safe.

Intervention. We present the results of a systematic review of digital games related to cybersecurity as a means to understand how players are being introduced to cybersecurity in game-based contexts.

Methods. Using a systematic search, we identified 181 games related to cybersecurity (either through content or aesthetics) by searching the Apple App Store, the Google Play Store, Steam, and the web broadly. Each game was played for up to an hour and characteristics such as the game story, game elements, and presentation of cybersecurity were gathered.

Results. We found diverse conceptualizations of cybersecurity and of cybersecurity professionals. Further, the nature of games and the framing of cybersecurity varied by the platform and device on which the game was available (computer, mobile, or web). Web games were most likely to present cybersecurity as cyber safety and were more likely to be a gamified quiz or worksheet. Computer and mobile games tended to present cybersecurity through game aesthetics or deep content engagement. The games mirrored the underrepresentation of women and minoritized individuals in the field.

Discussion. With the variety of digital cybersecurity games and the differences in games based on the platform on which the game is available, it is important game developers move beyond presenting cybersecurity through gamification and focusing on cyber safety. The current scope of cybersecurity games leaves room for the development of games focused on deeper content engagement with cybersecurity topics in an environment conducive to the broadening participation goals of the cybersecurity field.
Chinese Migrant Workers’ Care Experiences: A Model of the Mediating Roles of Filial Piety
Authors: He Longtao , van Heugten Kate
Published: June 2020

Filial piety is a highly relevant cultural mechanism that mediates the impacts of caregiving experiences on Chinese adult children, worldwide but perhaps especially in rural China. We undertook qualitative research with 24 migrant workers who were caring for an elderly parent diagnosed with terminal cancer. Research aims included building a comprehensive explanatory theoretical model for filial piety’s mediating role in caregivers’ lived experiences. We undertook a culturally sensitive Foucauldian discourse analysis of data, which showed that filial piety can not only function as a positive resource but also (mainly) translate to a requirement for secrecy, including about an ill parent’s prognosis and the need for support for caregivers. The findings challenge the extent of this secrecy and the burdens it places on caregivers. Policy makers should take account of the importance of filial piety and its mediating role both as a resource and hindrance to providing support to caregivers.
Narratives of Recovery Over the First Year After Major Lower Limb Loss
Authors: Sanders Phoebe , Wadey Ross , Day Melissa , Winter Stacy
Published: June 2020

The objectives of this research were to extend previous research by exploring the psychosocial experiences of patients over the first year after major lower limb amputation (MLLA) and identify implications for rehabilitation practice. This research took place at a United Kingdom–based National Health Service–operated prosthetic rehabilitation center. Thirty patients were recruited who had experienced MLLA within the last year and were undertaking prosthetic rehabilitation. Data were collected through semi-structured narrative interviews, observation, and a reflexive journal and analyzed using dialogical narrative analysis. The concept of well-being was used to map patients’ recovery trajectories, and five narrative typologies were identified: accelerated decline, adaptation, illusory cure, muddling along, and projection. This article advances knowledge by opening up new possibilities for anticipating patients’ future needs through the stories they are telling in the present and provides the basis for additional resources supporting psychosocial recovery.
Expectations and Concerns of Older Adults With Cognitive Impairment About Their Relationship With Medical Providers: A Call for Therapeutic Alliances
Authors: Portacolone Elena , Covinsky Kenneth E. , Johnson Julene K. , Halpern Jodi
Published: June 2020

We sought to understand the expectations and concerns of older adults with cognitive impairment with regard to their relationship with medical providers. In particular, we observed whether study participants were involved in therapeutic alliances. Medical providers and patients create therapeutic alliances when they agree on the goals of the treatment and share a personal bond. Whereas such alliances have been studied in cancer research, little is known about therapeutic alliances in dementia research. Data were gathered in a qualitative study of 27 older adults with cognitive impairment and analyzed with narrative analysis. We introduce four case studies that illustrate the effects of having or missing a therapeutic alliance. Whereas the participant in the first case benefited from a therapeutic alliance, the other cases are marked by different experiences of abandonment. Findings suggest that interventions should concentrate on ways to enhance the relationship between medical providers and patients with cognitive impairment.
Asian Immigrant Parents’ Role Enactment While Accessing and Using Services for Their Child With Developmental Disabilities in the United States: A Meta-Synthesis Study
Authors: Hwang I-Ting , Kramer Jessica M. , Cohn Ellen S. , Barnes Linda L.
Published: June 2020

We conducted a meta-synthesis to explore how Asian immigrant parents in the United States enact their perceived parental role while using health and educational services for their child with developmental disabilities. We identified 11 qualitative studies for analysis, and examined these studies using a constant comparative approach and thematic analysis informed by role theory and acculturation theory. Based on our analysis, five themes related to parents’ role enactment emerged: (a) parents perceive a multifaceted parental role; (b) parents’ individual factors influence their role enactment; (c) system factors influence parents’ role enactment; (d) parents use coping strategies to address role dissatisfaction; and (e) parental role enactment is a continuously evolving process influenced by acculturation, which spirals them toward their ultimate goal of helping their child thrive. Findings can inform practitioners’ and researchers’ understanding of how to create a culturally safe environment to support Asian immigrant parents in realizing their parental role.
Some historical context for minimal cognition
Authors: Beer Randall D
Published: June 2020

I provide some historical perspective on the development of the “minimally cognitive behavior” research program and its relation to “minimal cognition.”
Acute retinal necrosis: Clinical manifestation and long-term visual outcomes in a series of polymerase chain reaction–positive patients
Authors: Hedayatfar Alireza , Ebrahimiadib Nazanin , Zarei Mohammad , Ashraf Khorasani Maryam , Mahbod Mirgholamreza , Asgari Soheila , Sedaghat Ahad
Published: June 2020

Purpose:

To report the clinical spectrum, viral etiologies, therapeutic interventions, timing of rhegmatogenous retinal detachments (RRD), and visual outcomes in acute retinal necrosis (ARN) syndrome in a series of polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-positive eyes.

Methods:

From January 2010 to January 2017, consecutive patients with the clinical diagnosis of ARN and a positive aqueous viral PCR were included in this observational, retrospective study.

Results:

Nineteen eyes found to have a clinical diagnosis of ARN, of which 18 (94.7%) had a positive viral PCR. ARN was unilateral, except in one patient. None of the fellow eyes manifested ARN during follow-up. Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) was detected in 78.0% of ARN eyes. 61.1% of eyes experienced RRD. The median time for the occurrence of RRD was 12 weeks (range: 6–25 weeks) after disease onset. No correlation was found between the etiologic viral agent (VZV vs non-VZV; p = 1.000), extent of retinitis (1–2 quadrant vs 3–4 quadrants; p = 0.326), administration of intravitreal ganciclovir (injected vs not injected; p = 0.332), application of prophylactic laser retinopexy (applied vs not applied; p = 0.326), and subsequent occurrence of RRD. At a 2-year follow-up, visual impairment (VA ⩽ 20/200) and severe visual loss (VA ⩽ light perception) were significantly higher in those complicated by RRD compared to non-RRD eyes (81.8% vs 28.6%; p = 0.047, and 45.4% vs 0.0%; p = 0.004, respectively).

Conclusion:

Aqueous PCR results are highly consistent with the clinical diagnosis of ARN. Regardless of the method of management, the rate of RRD is high and is associated with a poor visual outcome.
Emerging importance of molecular pathogenesis of vascular malformations in clinical practice and classifications
Authors: Pang Calver , Lim Chung Sim , Brookes Jocelyn , Tsui Janice , Hamilton George
Published: June 2020

Vascular malformations occur during early vascular development resulting in abnormally formed vessels that can manifest as arterial, venous, capillary or lymphatic lesions, or in combination, and include local tissue overdevelopment. Vascular malformations are largely caused by sporadic somatic gene mutations. This article aims to review and discuss current molecular signaling pathways and therapeutic targets for vascular malformations and to classify vascular malformations according to the molecular pathways involved. A literature review was performed using Embase and Medline. Different MeSH terms were combined for the search strategy, with the aim of encompassing all studies describing the classification, pathogenesis, and treatment of vascular malformations. Major pathways involved in the pathogenesis of vascular malformations are vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Ras/Raf/MEK/ERK, angiopoietin-TIE2, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and PI3K/AKT/mTOR. These pathways are involved in controlling cellular growth, apoptosis, differentiation, and proliferation, and play a central role in endothelial cell signaling and angiogenesis. Many vascular malformations share similar aberrant molecular signaling pathways with cancers and inflammatory disorders. Therefore, selective anticancer agents and immunosuppressants may be beneficial in treating vascular malformations of specific mutations. The current classification systems of vascular malformations, including the International Society of the Study of Vascular Anomalies (ISSVA) classification, are primarily observational and clinical, and are not based on the molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the condition. Several molecular pathways with potential therapeutic targets have been demonstrated to contribute to the development of various vascular anomalies. Classifying vascular malformations based on their molecular pathogenesis may improve treatment by determining the underlying nature of the condition and their potential therapeutic target.
Cyberbullying victimization and problematic Internet use among Chinese adolescents: Longitudinal mediation through mindfulness and depression
Authors: Liu Caimeng , Liu Zhen , Yuan Guangzhe
Published: June 2020

Although previous research has demonstrated that the experience of cyberbullying victimization is associated with behavioral and psychological health problems, it is still unclear how cyberbullying victimization affects physical and mental health issues. Our aim was to test the longitudinal linkage between cyberbullying victimization and problematic Internet use (PIU) via the possible mediating roles of mindfulness and depression. This study employed a two-wave longitudinal design. 661 Chinese junior high school students were assessed using self-reported questionnaires about cyberbullying victimization, mindfulness, severity of depression, and PIU. The results revealed that the experience of cyberbullying victimization was positively related to PIU through the mediating variables of mindfulness and depression.
‘What do bisexuals look like? I don’t know!’ Visibility, gender, and safety among plurisexuals
Authors: Nelson Rosie
Published: June 2020

Plurisexuals are often interpreted as half gay/half straight due to the prevailing belief that multigendered attractions are temporary, or illusory. This interpretation is also strongly connected to the gender binary, gender norms, and cisnormativity. Based on these social forces, this article explores how plurisexuals represent themselves in a culture that does not see their identities as viable, often through the use of gender norms. Informed by queer theory, this research is based on semi-structured interviews (n = 30) and photo diaries (n = 9). Findings demonstrate that plurisexuals wish to present visually, but are not certain of how to do so. Plurisexuals see gender and sexuality as connected, and reference transforming outfits through feminization or masculinization. Finally, plurisexuals reference the homophobic, monosexist, transphobic social world by describing how they communicate gender and sexual identities only in certain spaces, or for certain audiences.
Development of free piston engine linear generator system and a resonant pendulum type control method
Authors: Kosaka Hidemasa , Akita Tomoyuki , Goto Shigeaki , Hotta Yoshihiro
Published: June 2020

A free piston engine linear generator, which has the potential of the compact physique, high brake efficiency and high flexibility for fuel, has been developed. The developed free piston engine linear generator consists of a two-stroke combustion unit, an air-bounce chamber and a linear generator. The key technologies to realize the continuous operation are the control method and lubricating and cooling strategies. The proposed structure is featured as a piston shape with two different diameters coaxially, called a “W-shape” piston, which has an empty space inside for the oil cooling path. The performance of the structure is evaluated by a one-dimensional cycle simulation. The result indicates the possible output power of 10 kW and thermal efficiency of 42% using premixed charge compression ignition combustion strategy. The control method is another challenge of the free piston engine linear generator. This work proposes two strategies of the position feedback control method and the resonant pendulum type control method. The first method has the function of the feedback loops for the piston position and velocity so that the piston motion follows the reference profile calculated in advance. The experimental results show the limited range of operation because the fixed profile does not absorb the deviation of the piston motion due to the combustion deviation. The second method is based on the speed control without a fixed reference profile of the piston motion. The experimental result shows the robustness to the change in operating parameters such as ignition position, amount of fuel and desired power output.
Influence of injection valve opening manner and injection timing on mixing effect of direct injection compressed natural gas–fueled engine
Authors: Wang Tianbo , Zhang Lanchun , Bei Shaoyi , Zhu Zhongwei
Published: June 2020

In order to improve the control precision of in-cylinder mixing and combustion process, and to avoid the engine power drop because of the port fuel injection mode, it becomes a tendency to inject gas fuel into cylinder directly, with the help of the high-pressure gas-fueled injection device. However, considering that the mixing speed of gas fuel with air is usually slower than that of gasoline or diesel, the gas fuel direct injection mode tends to cause poor mixing performance and insufficient combustion in engine. Based on this situation, in-cylinder mixing process of direct injection gas–fueled engine is taken as the research object in this article. The three-dimensional transient computational fluid dynamics model of the injection and mixing process in gas-fueled direct injection engine is established to analyze the effects of the poppet valve opening manner and injection timing on the in-cylinder mixing homogeneity. The results indicate that delaying the injection timing can improve the wall impact strength and help to form a tumble flow in the cylinder. The stronger wall impact and tumble flow can reverse the natural diffusion law and greatly improve the in-cylinder mixing effect. Under the same injection timing conditions, although the pull-open valve has a larger injection penetration distance, the in-cylinder mixing effect is still worse than the push-open one. This is because, for the push-open valve, the fuel jet will be around the slope of the valve, which is beneficial to improve the mixing effect.
A manifesto for planning after the coronavirus: Towards planning of care
Authors: Jon Ihnji
Published: June 2020

The COVID-19 crisis upended the status quo of our everyday life. The rising discourse in the midst of this pandemic is ‘human guilt’ (e.g., ‘we are the virus!’), reviving the dark side of neo-Malthusian environmentalist ideology. While the pandemic should be considered a wake-up call for us to drastically rethink our relationship with nature, planning discipline cannot resign itself from its power and responsibility to make a difference in human and nonhuman lives. So, here I ask: How can we carefully reposition ‘human intervention’ in the aftermath of this ‘human guilt’, without nullifying the hopeful spirit and our belief in the power of planning? Inspired by Tronto/ Lawson’s geographies of care and Dewey-an pragmatism, this essay calls for the rise of ‘planning of care’. Planning of care not only recognises humans’ interdependency on one another, but also acknowledges cities’ on-going, dialectic relationship with their natural surroundings.
Word Retrieval and Lexical Organization in Children With Hearing Loss and Developmental Language Disorder
Authors: Esbensen Annette , Thomsen Pia
Published: June 2020

Word retrieval and lexical organization were explored in 16 Danish children with slight to severe hearing loss (HL), 11 children with developmental language disorder (DLD), and 25 typically developing (TD) children in the age range of 7 to 12 years. There is a special focus on children with HL with and without language difficulties compared with children with DLD. Word retrieval and lexical organization are assessed with a Semantic Verbal Fluency Task. Background assessment of language comprehension is assessed with Test for Reception of Grammar–Version 2 (TROG-2) and nonverbal IQ is assessed with Block Design from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children–Fourth Edition (WISC-IV). Main findings show that children with HL without language difficulties did not show any significant word retrieval or lexical organization difficulties compared with TD children. However, there was a resemblance between children with DLD and children with HL with language difficulties in word retrieval and lexical organization.
Security standard compliance and continuous verification for Industrial Internet of Things
Authors: Bicaku Ani , Tauber Markus , Delsing Jerker
Published: June 2020

Due to globalization and digitalization of industrial systems, standard compliance is gaining more attention. In order to stay competitive and remain in business, different sectors within industry are required to comply with multiple regulations. Compliance aims to fulfill regulations by including all measures imposed by laws and standards. Every device, application, or service implements several technologies at many levels, and standards support interoperability across them. They help to create global markets for industries and enable networked development in order to be successful and sustainable. This work highlights the importance of standard compliance and continuous verification in industrial Internet of Things and implements an automatic monitoring and standard compliance verification framework. In this work, we focus on security, safety, and organizational aspects of industrial Internet of Things. We identify a number of standards and best practice guidelines, which are used to extract security, safety, and organizational measurable indicator points. In addition, a metric model is provided that forms the basis for the necessary information needed for compliance verification, including requirements, standards, and metrics. Also, we present the prototype of the monitoring and standard compliance verification framework used to show the security compliance of an industrial Internet of Things use case.