bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Volume of T2 Low-Signal Band and the Width of the Widest Blood Vessel in Placenta Measured by MRI in Pregnant Women with Different Types of Placental Implantation and Its Differential Value
Authors: Duan Jun , Su Jianqiang , Zhang Yun , Ma Like , Zhao Liang
Published: April 2022

Objective. To explore the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in measuring the volume of T2 low-signal band and the width change of the widest blood vessel in placenta in pregnant women with different types of placenta implantation (PI). Methods. From November 2020 to August 2021, 116 patients in our hospital who underwent placental MRI because of ultrasound or clinical suspicion of PI were selected as the research object. According to the “gold standard” (clinical or surgical pathological results), 79 cases with PI were diagnosed as PI group, and 37 cases without PI were no PI group. The clinical features, MRI signs, T2 hyposignal zone volume, and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta were compared between the two groups and different types of PI patients. Logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of PI and PI classification, and the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) was used to analyze the value of T2 low-signal zone volume and the widest blood vessel width in the placenta for different types of PI. Results. The history of cesarean section, uneven placental signal, the proportion of T2 low-signal band shadow, the volume of T2 low-signal band, and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta in PI group were higher than those in non-PI group (

p
<
0.05

); the history of cesarean section, uneven placental signal, T2 hypointense band shadow, the volume of T2 hypointense band, and the increase of the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta are independent risk factors for PI (

p
<
0.05

); with the increase of implantation depth, the proportion of T2 hypointense band shadow, the volume of T2 hypointense band, and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta gradually increased (

p
<
0.05

); T2 hypointense band shadow, T2 hypointense band volume, and the widest blood vessel width in placenta are all influencing factors of PI classification (

p
<
0.05

); ROC showed that the volume of T2 low-signal band and the width of the widest blood vessel in placenta, the AUC of combined identification of adhesive PI, implanted PI, implanted PI, and penetrating PI were 0.846 and 0.899, respectively, which was higher than that of single identification (

p
<
0.05

). Conclusion. MRI measurement of T2 hyposignal zone volume and the widest blood vessel width in placenta can be used for PI diagnosis and classification differentiation and provide reliable basis for clinical prenatal preparation and treatment planning.
Effect of Different Doses of Propofol on Pulmonary Function and Inflammatory Response in Patients with Lung Ischemia Reperfusion Injury Induced by One-Lung Ventilation Based on Big Data Analysis
Authors: Gu Yi , Liu Xu , Gu Tianyu , Du Boxiang
Published: April 2022

Objective. To analyze the effect of different doses of propofol on pulmonary function and inflammatory response in patients with lung ischemia reperfusion injury (LIRI) induced by one-lung ventilation (OLV) based on big data analysis. Methods. A retrospective study was performed on 105 patients who underwent lobectomy in our hospital (January 2018 to January 2022). According to the doses of propofol, they were split into low-dose group (LDG), middle-dose group (MDG), and high-dose group (HDG), which received the continuous micropump infusion of propofol at the doses of 2 mg/(kg·h), 5 mg/(kg·h), and 10 mg/(kg·h) after induction, respectively, with 35 cases in each group. The indexes, such as the pulmonary function and inflammatory factors of patients, at different times were compared. The logistic regression analysis was performed according to the occurrence of LIRI. Results. With no notable difference at T0 among the three groups (

P
>
0.05

), the Cdyn levels significantly decreased at T1 (

P
<
0.05

) and gradually increased at T2. The Cdyn levels at T1 and T2 were remarkably higher in HDG and MDG than in LDG (

P
<
0.05

). With no notable differences at T0 and T1 among the three groups (

P
>
0.05

), the PA-aO2 levels and RI values at T2 in MDG and HDG were lower compared with LDG (

P
<
0.05

). The RI values at T1 and T2 in HDG were higher compared with MDG, with no obvious difference (

P
>
0.05

). The OI levels at T1 and T2 in HDG were lower compared with the other two groups (

P
<
0.05

), and the OI levels at T1, T2, and T3 in LDG were higher compared with MDG, with no obvious difference (

P
>
0.05

). The TNF-α and ICAM-1 levels at T1 and T2 in MDG and HDG were lower compared with LDG, with no obvious difference between MDG and HDG (

P
>
0.05

). Compared with LDG, the MDG and HDG at T1 and T2 had lower MDA levels (

P
<
0.05

) and higher SOD levels (

P
<
0.05

). Logistic regression analysis showed that Cdyn, PA-aO2, and OLV time were independent risk factors for LIRI in patients undergoing lobectomy. Conclusion. Propofol has a good protective effect on lung function in patients with OLV-induced LIRI. Appropriately increasing the dose of propofol can effectively improve the local cerebral hypoxia and lung compliance of patients and reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress response, with 5 mg/(kg·h) as the clinical reference. Preoperative assessment and preparation should be made for patients, close attention should be paid to risk factors, such as Cdyn and PA-aO2, and OLV time should be controlled.
On-Farm Diversity of Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) Landraces, Use, and the Associated Indigenous Knowledge in Adola Rede District, Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: Mengesha Wendawek A. , Inki Leta G. , Tolesa Zelalem G.
Published: April 2022

Background. Enset (Ensete ventricosum (Welw.) Cheesman) is an important staple crop for more than 20 million people in Ethiopia. Precise ethnobotanical information of intraspecific enset diversity and local knowledge on how farmers maintain, manage, and benefit from enset genetic resources is imperative for the promotion, conservation, and improvement of enset and its farming system. The aim of this study was to identify and document the wealth of indigenous knowledge associated with the distribution, diversity, and management of enset in Adola Rede District. Methods. The study was conducted in Adola Rede District of Guji Zone, Oromia, Ethiopia. To identify and document the wealth of indigenous knowledge, the data were collected mainly through individual interviews and observation with 139 farm households and key informant interviews. Results. Thirty-four landraces were identified. The number of landraces cultivated in individual households ranged from 3 to 14 (mean of 6.08 ± 2.17). The farmers distinguish landraces primarily using morphological features such as pseudostem color, midrib color, plant height, and leaf color. Agronomic characteristics such as resistance to disease and pest and maturity time were secondary criteria for the identification of enset landraces in the study area. Enset is mainly used as food (kocho, bulla, and amicho) and source of fiber, and it has also medicinal value for both humans and livestock. Farmers prefer a landrace to the other, for example, Gantichoo for worqee (kocho) and fiber, Adoo for budhaa (bulla), Nimfoo for amicho, and Astaraa for medicinal use. The majority of the informants (74.10%) have got their plant material by multiplying planting material by themselves, exchanging with neighbors (16.50%), and purchasing from the market (9.40%). Conclusion. There was relatively high on-farm enset landrace diversity, and the indigenous people had a long tradition of enset cultivation, conservation, and maintenance of landraces in the district. The information is crucial for developing community-based complementary in situ and ex situ conservation strategies to foster conservation of enset genetic resources and associated indigenous knowledge system.
Effect of Immobilizing Bacillus megaterium on the Compressive Strength and Water Absorption of Mortar
Authors: Musyoki David Munyao , Muthengia Jackson Wachira , Ogunah Joanne , Mutitu Daniel Karanja , Kinuthia John , Mwirichia Romano , Thiong’o Joseph Karanja , Mulwa Munyao Onesmus , Genson Murithi
Published: April 2022

The world’s growing population and industrialization have led to increased construction activities. This has increased the amount of waste aggregates which can be recycled in construction and cut the cost of infrastructure development. This study, therefore, reports the experimental findings for the effect of immobilizing Bacillus megaterium on the compressive strength and water absorption of laboratory prepared test mortar. Bacterial solution used in this work had a concentration of 1.0 × 107 cells/mL. The impact of recycled mortar impregnated with bacteria was studied after curing the specimens in water, saturated lime water, and 1.5% sulfuric acid. Compressive strength for test specimens cured in the three media was determined at the 2nd, 7th, 28th, and 56th day of curing. SEM analysis was done for mortars cured in acidic media and saturated lime water after curing for 28 days. The test results indicated that curing in water and saturated water improved the compressive strength, while the acidic medium lowered it. Recycled mortar is, therefore, an ideal material for immobilizing Bacillus megaterium before introduction into fresh concrete/mortar. The use of recycled mortar is a good strategy to reduce wastes from construction activities, save on the cost of construction materials, and enhance environmental conservation.
The Security of Student Information Management System Based upon Blockchain
Authors: Yang Mingfeng , Wang Jianying
Published: April 2022

In recent years, with the development of science and technology, as an emerging data security technology, blockchain has been widely used in all walks of life by virtue of its immutability, uniqueness, smart contract, and decentralized organization. Examples include industry, services, and education. With the progress of China's education, the application of blockchain technology in the field of education has also been further expanded. At present, the application of blockchain in China's education field is mainly concentrated in three areas: education resource management, teaching information management, and education basic platform construction. This article aims to study the security of the student information management system based on the blockchain. The security test experiment of the student information management system is carried out based on the encryption algorithm of the blockchain, and conclusions are drawn. The security of the student information management system based on the encryption algorithm of blockchain technology has increased by 87%, which also shows that the blockchain technology has a better effect on improving the security of the student information management system.
Identification and Classification of Depressed Mental State for End-User over Social Media
Authors: Kumar Akhilesh , Thakare Anuradha , Bhende Manisha , Sinha Amit Kumar , Alguno Arnold C. , Kumar Yekula Prasanna
Published: April 2022

In researching social network data and depression, it is often necessary to manually label depressed and non-depressed users, which is time-consuming and labor-intensive. The aim of this study is that it explores the relationship between social network data and depression. It can also contribute to detecting and identifying depression. Through collecting and analyzing college students’ microblog social data, a preliminary screening algorithm for college students’ suspected depression microblogs based on depression keywords, and semantic expansion is researched; a comprehensive lexical grammar was proposed. This research provided has a preliminary screening method based on depression keywords and semantic expansion for college students’ suspected depression microblogs, with a screening accuracy. This method forms a depression keyword table by constructing the basic keyword table and the semantic expansion based on the word embedding learning model Word2Vec. Finally, the word table is used to calculate the semantic similarity of the tested microblogs and then identify whether it is a suspected depression microblog. The experimental results on the microblog dataset of college students show that the comprehensive lexical method is better than the SDS questionnaire segmentation method and the expert lexical method in terms of screening accuracy; the comprehensive lexical approach can quickly and automatically screen out a tiny proportion of suspected doubts from a large number of college students’ microblogs. Depression Weibo can reduce the workload of experts’ annotation, improve annotation efficiency, and provide a suitable data processing basis for the subsequent accurate identification (classification problem) of patients with depression.
An Improved Coupled Modeling Method for Coalbed Methane Extraction after Hydraulic Fracturing
Authors: Zhang Hao-Hao , Wang Jun-Xing , Fan Chao-Jun , Bi Hui-Jie , Chen Li , Xu Chen-Yu
Published: April 2022

This paper proposes an improved coupled modeling method for coalbed methane extraction after hydraulic fracturing. Based on the damage mechanics theory, we introduce a state damage variable to record the damage changes at different times and construct the coupling governing equations of the seepage field and solid mechanics field in the hydraulic fracturing process. Then, the results of hydraulic fracturing simulation are used as initial values to perform coupling modeling for coalbed methane extraction. The method is implemented by the combination of different modules in COMSOL to solve the state damage variable, displacement, and pressure. Additionally, two 2D numerical examples are used to verify the precision of this method, and a 3D coalbed methane extraction simulation is performed to analyze the extraction effects and the evolution characteristics of the permeability before and after hydraulic fracturing. Numerical examples show that the proposed coupling modeling method can not only simplify the calculation steps of the CwM method and reduce the numerical errors caused, but also characterize the damage, porosity, permeability, and extraction effect caused by hydraulic fracturing in coal seams with permeability anisotropy.
Research on Supply Chain Cost Control Method of Intelligent Manufacturing Enterprise Based on Improved IQC Algorithm
Authors: Shang Yang
Published: April 2022

In order to improve the cost control effect of the supply chain of intelligent manufacturing enterprises, this paper improves the IQC algorithm. In order to overcome the problem of multitype data processing in the supply chain, this paper describes the high-frequency NCS as a delta arithmetic system with input time-varying delay, high-frequency constraints, and actuator saturation. Moreover, through a double closed-loop feedback configuration, this paper combines the loop structure of the supply chain to analyze the stability of the actuator saturated high-frequency NCS and combines the experiments to verify the reliability of the improved algorithm. In addition, on the basis of the improved algorithm, this paper constructs an intelligent supply chain cost control system, evaluates its functional modules, sets up the system architecture, and analyzes the performance of the system in combination with experimental research. The experimental research results show that the supply chain cost control method of intelligent manufacturing enterprises based on the improved IQC algorithm proposed in this paper has good results and meets the operational needs of intelligent manufacturing enterprises.
DMS: Delusional Misidentification Syndrome or Dead Moneyman and Sex Offender? A Case Report of Reverse Capgras Syndrome
Authors: Kim Elizabeth , Murphy Rachael , Driscoll Maggie
Published: April 2022

Delusional misidentification syndromes (DMSs) are delusional phenomena where individuals believe that one has been altered or replaced. Here, we present the case of Ms. JS, who exemplifies one such DMS, Reverse Capgras Syndrome, which refers to the delusion that one has been replaced by an imposter. She endorsed psychosis and suicidality centered on her belief that she was in fact American financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Her delusion was eventually resolved with medication management and therapy. In this report, we review Reverse Capgras Syndrome in the context of existing research on trauma-related pathology and the neural basis of self. We also demonstrate the success of resolving what was initially concerning for a fixed delusion with patient-centered medication management and therapy. This case is presented as a vital contribution to the literature to bring awareness to a rare disorder with a poorly understood etiology that had a favorable outcome. Here, it is suggested that DMS may arise due to disrupted functional connectivity between highly coordinated brain networks, as evidenced by its occurrence in both organic neural disease and, as in this patient, trauma-related psychopathology.
Macrophage‐Secreted S100A4 Supports Breast Cancer Metastasis by Remodeling the Extracellular Matrix in the Premetastatic Niche
Authors: Qi Yana , Zhao Tingting , Li Ranran , Han Mingyong
Published: April 2022

Metastasis is the major cause of cancer‐related mortalities. A tumor‐supportive microenvironment, also known as the premetastatic niche at secondary tumor sites, plays a crucial role in metastasis. Remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM) is essential for premetastatic niche formation, especially for circulating tumor cell colonization. However, the underlying molecular mechanism that contributes to this effect remains unclear. Here, we developed a lung metastasis model with 4T1 breast cancer cells and found that the metastasis critically depended on the early recruitment of macrophages to the lung. Disruption of macrophage recruitment reduced fibroblast activation and lung metastasis. Furthermore, we identified the secreted protein S100A4, which is produced by M2 macrophages and participates in fibroblast activation and ECM protein deposition via the ERK signaling pathway. Collectively, these results indicate that recruiting S100A4‐expressing inflammatory macrophages plays a vital role in ECM remodeling in the premetastatic niche and may act as a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer lung metastasis.
Third Cranial Nerve Palsy after Monoclonal Antibody Therapy for Lung Cancer: A Case Report
Authors: Missori Paolo , Ambrosone Angela , Cristofani Leonardo , Fattapposta Francesco , Currà Antonio
Published: April 2022

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have shown promise in treating cancer patients, and pembrolizumab is a monoclonal IgG4 antibody that targets a human cell surface protein (receptor) called PD-1. Among the side effects, a rare cranial nerve palsy unrelated to the surgical treatment may occur. We report a case of a woman, which after neurosurgical treatment for cerebellar metastasis presented painless third cranial nerve palsy. The benefits of ICIs have been ascertained, but side effects also take place. Neurological symptoms should be recognized early to avoid substantial morbidity, and if necessary, the oncologic treatment should be changed.
A Complete Response of Orbital Metastases in Breast Cancer Patient Treated with Oral Chemotherapy: Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Sharaf Majd Mahmoud , Al-Oudat Yousef Maen , Saifo Maher
Published: April 2022

Discrete extraocular muscles (EOMs) metastases are extremely rare events. Here is a case of isolated orbital metastases involving EOMs in a female patient who was previously diagnosed with triple-negative breast cancer. She received chemotherapy followed by radiotherapy. Years later, the patient complained of gradually progressive ptosis of the right eye that was associated with mild restriction of ocular movements. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a suspected metastatic lesion. An open biopsy was performed for pathological evaluation. Metastases from breast cancer were confirmed. Immunohistochemistry showed discordance of the estrogen and progesterone receptors. She received oral capecitabine (Xeloda®) and vinorelbine (NVB) followed by hormone therapy. At the time of reporting, our patient remained in remission for 28 months as from her initial diagnosis of orbital metastases.
Routine Preoperative Nutritional Optimization Not Required in Patients Undergoing Breast Reconstruction
Authors: Rich Matthew D. , Sorenson Thomas J. , Lamba Abhinav , Hillard Christopher , Mahajan Ashish
Published: April 2022

Purpose: There are no data describing the need for preoperative nutritional optimization in patients undergoing breast reconstruction surgery. The purpose of this research was to identify if preoperative breast reconstruction patients are grossly nutritionally deficient as defined by preoperative serum albumin and, thus, if routine preoperative nutrition screening and optimization is necessary in this patient population. Methods: Adult patients who underwent breast reconstruction surgery between 2015 and 2019 were identified within the National Safety and Quality Improvement Program database. Variables of interest for this group of patients were collected, and comparisons were made for these variables between three different breast reconstruction modalities (implant-based reconstruction [IBR], expander-based reconstruction [EBR], and free tissue-based reconstruction [FTBR]) with χ2 and ANOVA statistical tests. Results: A total of 14,509 patients were included. There was not a significant difference in preoperative serum albumin measurements between the three reconstruction modalities and mean measurements for the three reconstruction modalities were all within normal limits. Secondarily, when comparing groups, FTBR had higher incidence of superficial surgical site infection (SSI) (4.49% vs. 1.6% vs. 1.56%, respectively; p < 0.00001), deep SSI (1.57% vs. 0.48% vs. 0.94%, respectively; p < 0.00001), and wound disruption (2.16% vs. 0.78% vs. 0.94%, respectively; p < 0.00001) than IBR and EBR. Conclusion: Preoperative nutritional status was found to be grossly appropriate in a large population of breast reconstruction patients. Furthermore, the ordering of routine preoperative serum albumin is unnecessary and represents an extraneous healthcare cost that does not lead to improved outcomes in breast reconstruction. FTBR incurred the greatest risk of surgical complication independent of preoperative nutritional status.
Gestão no cuidado às pessoas com HIV na Atenção Primária à Saúde em tempos do novo coronavírus
Authors: Celuppi Ianka Cristina , Meirelles Betina Hörner Schlindwein , Lanzoni Gabriela Marcellino de Melo , Geremia Daniela Savi , Metelski Fernanda Karla
Published: April 2022

OBJETIVO Compreender as práticas de gestão no cuidado às pessoas que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana (HIV) na Atenção Primária à Saúde de uma capital brasileira, em tempos de pandemia do novo coronavírus (covid-19). MÉTODO Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada no referencial metodológico-analítico da teoria fundamentada nos dados, vertente construtivista. Os dados foram coletados por entrevistas intensivas online, com enfermeiros de centros de saúde e gestores da secretaria municipal. A coleta e análise dos dados ocorreram de maneira concomitante, em duas fases de análise: a codificação inicial e focalizada. RESULTADOS Apontam para o desenvolvimento das melhores práticas de cuidado, com destaque para iniciativas de coordenação do cuidado, descentralização do manejo clínico para os serviços de APS, instituição de protocolos e fluxos, pactuação de parcerias intersetoriais, utilização de grupos e redes sociais, uso de ferramentas como a teleconsulta e planilha de vigilância em saúde e formação de redes de apoio. CONCLUSÃO A capital brasileira reestruturou sua rede de serviços de saúde com a implementação de protocolos clínicos e gerenciais, buscando manter a continuidade do cuidado às pessoas que vivem com o HIV. Destacou-se a incorporação de tecnologias de cuidado não presencial e a facilitação de rotinas, como estratégias para ampliação do acesso.
Hipertensão arterial sistêmica como fator de risco para a forma grave da covid-19: revisão de escopo
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Cristina , Uehara Sílvia Carla da Silva André
Published: April 2022

OBJETIVO Identificar se a hipertensão arterial sistêmica se apresenta como um fator de risco para o agravamento da covid-19. MÉTODOS Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, as buscas foram realizadas nas bases de dados Lilacs, PubMed, SciELO e Web of Science. RESULTADOS Foram selecionados 13 artigos. Os estudos apresentaram a hipertensão arterial sistêmica como a doença crônica mais comum em pacientes diagnosticados com covid-19. Os pacientes hipertensos eram mais velhos e os homens se apresentaram mais suscetíveis a desenvolver covid-19 grave. Pacientes hipertensos sem tratamento anti-hipertensivo foram associados a um maior risco de mortalidade. CONCLUSÕES Pacientes com doenças crônicas tendem a apresentar um perfil clínico diferente, sendo essencial controlar a pressão arterial em pacientes hipertensos e monitorá-los continuamente durante a infecção por covid-19.
Edge-based network analysis reveals frequency-specific network dynamics in aberrant anxiogenic processing in rats
Authors: Lam Yin-Shing , Liu Xiu-Xiu , Ke Ya , Yung Wing-Ho
Published: April 2022

Uncovering interactions between edges of brain networks can reveal the organizational principle of the networks and also their dysregulations underlying aberrant behaviours such as in neuropsychiatric diseases. In this study, we looked into the applicability of edge-based network analysis in uncovering possible network mechanisms of aberrant anxiogenic processing. Utilizing a rat model of prodromal Parkinson’s disease we examined how a dorsomedial striatum–tied associative network (DSAN) may mediate context-based anxiogenic behaviour. Following dopamine depletion in the dorsomedial striatum, an exaggerated bottom-up signalling (posterior parietal-hippocampal-retrosplenial to anterior prefrontal-cingulate-amygdala regions) and gradient specific to the theta frequency in this network was observed. This change was accompanied by increased anxiety behaviour of the animals. By employing an edge-based approach in correlating informational flow (phase transfer entropy) with functional connectivity of all edges of this network, we further explore how the abnormal bottom-up signalling might be explained by alterations to the informational flow-connectivity motifs in the network. Our results demonstrate usage of edge-based network analysis in revealing concurrent informational processing and functional organization dynamics across multiple pathways in a brain network. This approach in unveiling network abnormalities and its impact on behavioural outcomes would be useful in probing the network basis of neuropsychiatric conditions.
Differential Tracking of Linguistic vs. Mental State Content in Naturalistic Stimuli by Language and Theory of Mind (ToM) Brain Networks
Authors: Paunov Alexander M. , Blank Idan A. , Jouravlev Olessia , Mineroff Zachary , Gallée Jeanne , Fedorenko Evelina
Published: April 2022

Language and social cognition, especially the ability to reason about mental states, known as theory of mind (ToM), are deeply related in development and everyday use. However, whether these cognitive faculties rely on distinct, overlapping, or the same mechanisms remains debated. Some evidence suggests that, by adulthood, language and ToM draw on largely distinct—though plausibly interacting—cortical networks. However, the broad topography of these networks is similar, and some have emphasized the importance of social content / communicative intent in the linguistic signal for eliciting responses in the language areas. Here, we combine the power of individual-subject functional localization with the naturalistic-cognition inter-subject correlation approach to illuminate the language–ToM relationship. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), we recorded neural activity as participants (n = 43) listened to stories and dialogues with mental state content (+linguistic, +ToM), viewed silent animations and live action films with mental state content but no language (−linguistic, +ToM), or listened to an expository text (+linguistic, −ToM). The ToM network robustly tracked stimuli rich in mental state information regardless of whether mental states were conveyed linguistically or non-linguistically, while tracking a +linguistic / −ToM stimulus only weakly. In contrast, the language network tracked linguistic stimuli more strongly than (a) non-linguistic stimuli, and than (b) the ToM network, and showed reliable tracking even for the linguistic condition devoid of mental state content. These findings suggest that in spite of their indisputably close links, language and ToM dissociate robustly in their neural substrates—and thus plausibly cognitive mechanisms—including during the processing of rich naturalistic materials.
Research coauthorship 1900–2020: Continuous, universal, and ongoing expansion
Authors: Thelwall Mike , Maflahi Nabeil
Published: April 2022

Research coauthorship is useful to combine different skill sets, especially for applied problems. While it has increased over the last century, it is unclear whether this increase is universal across academic fields and which fields coauthor the most and least. In response, we assess changes in the rate of journal article coauthorship 1900–2020 for all 27 Scopus broad fields and all 332 Scopus narrow fields. Although all broad fields have experienced reasonably continuous growth in coauthorship, in 2020, there were substantial disciplinary differences, from Arts and Humanities (1.3 authors) to Immunology and Microbiology (6 authors). All 332 Scopus narrow fields also experienced an increase in the average number of authors. Immunology and Classics are extreme Scopus narrow fields, as exemplified by 9.6 authors per Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer article, whereas 93% of Trends in Classics articles were solo in 2020. The reason for this large difference seems to be the need for multiple complementary methods in Immunology, making it fundamentally a team science. Finally, the reasonably steady and universal increases in academic coauthorship over 121 years show no sign of slowing, suggesting that ever-expanding teams are a central part of current professional science.
A World without Mark: an Experiment in Erasure History
Authors: Goodacre Mark
Published: April 2022

Erasure History is a subset of the discipline of counter-factual history, an exploration in imagining history without a work that scholars see as pivotal. Erasing Mark’s gospel provides a fruitful thought experiment about the key role it plays in current scholarly reflections on Christian origins. This article imagines the erasure of Mark under three different headings. First, Mark is erased from the surviving manuscript record, imagining that Mark was indeed written and that it was a source for Matthew and Luke, but that no witness to it survived antiquity. Second, Mark is erased from history only to resurface in a handful of manuscript fragments in the 1890s and 1900s, and a more complete textual witness in 1945. Finally, and most drastically, the article imagines that the boy who grew up to be the author of Mark’s gospel did not survive childhood and that his gospel never existed.
The Constitutive Problem of the Septuagint
Authors: Akiyama Kengo
Published: April 2022

This article problematizes the common distinction between production and reception in biblical studies with Septuagint study as a case in point. The article illustrates the problem in connection with two recent, major translation projects, A New English Translation of the Septuagint and Other Greek Translations Traditionally Included under That Title and La Bible d’Alexandrie. I argue that the binary classification of production and reception is inadequate to capture the textual history of the Septuagint and suggest an alternative way to conceptualize the development.
Anecdotal observation of a sexual encounter between two male naked mole-rats
Authors: Gilbert James D. , Brindle Matilda , Faulkes Christopher G.
Published: April 2022

Same-sex sexual behaviours (SSBs) are widespread across the animal kingdom, yet little consensus exists regarding their potential adaptive functions or evolutionary history. To fully address questions such as why or how a trait has evolved, it is important to first understand its natural history. Here, we present evidence of SSBs in two male naked mole-rats for the first time. Due to extreme natal philopatry, most naked mole-rats never disperse, making encounters with potential mates valuable in fitness terms. However, in captive colonies of naked mole-rats, a rare disperser morph has been described. We speculate that such dispersing individuals may be indiscriminatory in their mating strategy, copulating with conspecifics regardless of sex, to counter the risk of missed reproductive opportunities. This behavioural strategy would contrast with the common characterisation of naked mole-rats, which describes them as fiercely xenophobic and hostile to unfamiliar individuals. Further, the observation of an indiscriminate mating strategy in a species with limited opportunities for dispersal provides interesting context for the study of the evolution of SSBs.
Transformation of Medical Care through Gene Therapy and Human Rights to Life and Health – Balancing Risks and Benefits
Authors: Befring Anne Kjersti
Published: April 2022

This article is about how somatic gene therapy can be legally regulated and risk assessed as medical treatment when taking the following international human rights conventions into consideration: the right to life in Article 2 of the ECHR and the right to health in Article 12 of ICESCR. The right to life can involve both protection against risky genetic methods and access to necessary health care. In this context, human rights can be a basis for identifying interests that must be considered in a rapid technological development. Focusing mainly on human rights to life and to health, it is argued (1) against a total ban or general moratoriums on gene editing; (2) that regulations should be based on international cooperation and consensus; and that (3) rights to health may involve obligations to provide access to genetic methods.
The Elements of Law: Manuscripts and the Short Parliament
Authors: Sommerville Johann
Published: April 2022

There are eleven known manuscripts of Hobbes’s Elements of Law. As they divide on textual grounds into two groups, they are effectively two separate editions, employing two different texts. While two of the manuscripts apparently were Hobbes’s working copies, it also seems clear that he never definitively established the text of the Elements. There are reasons for thinking it unlikely that, as has been suggested, Hobbes intended the work to influence debate in the Short Parliament. More likely, he hoped his patron, Newcastle, would transmit his principles to the monarch and his chief advisors.
On the Early Collections of the Works of Ġiyāṯ al-Dīn Jamšīd al-Kāšī
Authors: Eshera Osama
Published: April 2022

Ġiyāṯ al-Dīn Jamšīd al-Kāšī (d. 832/1429), also known as Kāšānī, was a prominent astronomer and mathematician in the 9th/15th century and was a central figure at the observatory in Samarqand under the patronage of Ulugh Beg (r. 811–853/1409–1449), the Timurid ruler of Transoxiana. Kāšī’s works have frequently been copied and circulated in bound collective volumes, the earliest of which was produced during Kāšī’s lifetime by his colleague, Muʿīn al-Munajjim al-Kāšī, and is now held as MS Tehran, Malik 3180. This article introduces the second earliest such volume, which is currently held in a private collection in Toronto, Canada. The only dated colophon in MS Toronto is a forgery. Fortunately, I located another copy of Kāšī’s Miftāḥ al-ḥisāb that was transcribed in the same hand and bears a genuine copy date of 881/1476. Thus, MS Toronto was in fact produced approximately fifty years after Kāšī’s death and about eighty years earlier than the spurious colophon would indicate. In addition to resolving further codicological questions, this article highlights the decorative and paleographic features that make this codex an exemplar of the intellectual and material history of Timurid bookmaking. Ultimately, this codex offers valuable new evidence on the early transmission of Kāšī’s works as bound collections.
Islamic Manuscripts from Aceh in the British Library
Authors: Gallop Annabel Teh , Fathurahman Oman
Published: April 2022

Aceh has long been renowned as a centre of Islamic scholarship, and some of the most famous Malay texts were composed in this area of north Sumatra. However, despite an abundance of philological and literary studies of texts from Aceh, little attention has yet been paid to the materiality of the manuscript culture of the region. A small collection of 18 manuscripts from Aceh now in the British Library has therefore been subjected to detailed codicological scrutiny. These manuscripts, which appear to be representative of the books which circulated in the 18th and 19th century, contain multiple texts in Arabic, Malay and Acehnese, and the full contents of each volume are identified and contextualised with respect to other collections. Particular attention is paid to the original covers or bindings of the manuscripts, and illuminated elements, and some comments are drawn about the broader Acehnese tradition.
The Law-Science Interface in the Arctic: Science and the Law of the Sea
Authors: Woker Hilde J.
Published: April 2022

Law and science are both crucial for effective and legitimate decision-making in the Arctic. Yet their interaction is not always successful. This contribution discusses the various ways in which the law of the sea interacts with science in the geographical context of the Arctic, by looking at the references to science in the text of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the sea; the influence of scientific developments and/or new scientific knowledge on the interpretation and application of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea; and the way in which the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea regulates science. It concludes by analysing the interactions between law and science in the Arctic in light of Luhmann’s systems theory, by comparing the two bodies of knowledge to autopoietic, operationally closed, but cognitively open, systems.
The Impact of Emerging Preventive Restructuring Mechanisms on Directors’ Duties to Creditors in the Event of (Pre-)Insolvency in the UK and the Netherlands
Authors: Karapetian Arpi
Published: April 2022

Jurisdictions around the world are adjusting their insolvency laws with the aim to offer debtors in financial difficulties instruments that enable them to bring the company to a healthy state as soon as the problems arise. The rationale is that viable companies should have access to procedures that permit them to continue business, in whole or in part, by changing their capital structure as well as carrying out operational changes. Directors’ duties to creditors form a regular part of the laws concerning insolvency and therefore, a change in the insolvency laws will, arguably, have consequences for directors’ duties. In this paper, the impact of new preventive restructuring tools in the Netherlands and the UK on directors’ duties is discussed.
A Holistic Approach to Youth Ministry Models in Africa
Authors: Ndereba Kevin Muriithi
Published: April 2022

Youth ministry continues to be a salient focus area in theological research and practical ministry. This paper focuses on faith formation of young people in urban African cities, with a specific focus on Nairobi. Within the urban African context, plural worldviews and religious belonging, technological integration in youth culture, youth marginalization and mental health complexities, especially in a post-covid context, are critical factors in any meaningful youth engagement. This paper considers the contemporary youth ministry research in Africa, examining the classical youth ministry models that have been proposed and drawing out themes that should be considered for a holistic approach to faith formation among youth in African cities. This research summarizes research findings of the author from his doctoral research in Practical Theology at the University of South Africa, titled The Influence of Youth Culture on Holistic Faith Formation of Youth in Nairobi City: A Practical Theological Approach.
Redescription of Minyohelea nexuosa (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) based on a new specimen from Lebanese amber
Authors: PIELOWSKA-CERANOWSKA AGATA , AZAR DANY , SZWEDO JACEK
Published: April 2022

The first records of Ceratopogonidae, or biting midges, are from the earliest Cretaceous. The early Cretaceous representatives of the family are currently interpreted as haematophagous. †Minyohelea Borkent, 1995 is one of six extinct, bloodsucking ceratopogonid genera currently recorded (Pielowska-Ceranowska et al., 2021). So far, nine species of the genus Minyohelea have been described, with the most recently addition being M. nexuosa Pielowska-Ceranowska, 2021 from the Mdeyrij-Hammana amber locality in Lebanon. However, subsequent work has recovered an additional male specimen of M. nexuosa from a separate outcrop hosting Lebanese amber at 32 km South-West from Mdeyrij-Hammana outcrop at the Jezzine Fall (Fig. 1) in Wadi Jezzine village [Caza (= District) Jezzine, South Lebanon Governorate, Lebanon]. As this new specimen preserves additional morphological features not seen previously, this paper documents the additional details and provides an amended diagnosis for Minyohelea nexuosa Pielowska-Ceranowska, 2021. Previously missing morphological features are documented and illustrated here.
The Dynamics of Local Participation
Authors: Callaghan Karen A. , Horne Roger
Published: April 2022

As part of the “new public participation movement,” participatory budgeting is a systematic attempt to ameliorate institutionalized inequality, inequity, and injustice by enhancing how democracy works and expanding who participates genuinely. This commitment to more democratic, inclusive decision-making is important for empowering communities who have been subject to marginalization and exploitation. However, participatory budgeting must be implemented as community-based work if local participation in shaping government policies, programming, and funding priorities is to be considered a legitimate and trusted process. This article examines participation within the framework of community-based philosophy and epistemology. Guidelines are provided for how participatory budgeting facilitators should approach communities with a genuine sense of humility and openness. This dynamic requires facilitators to form collaborative, dialogical relationships with communities and allows local knowledge to inform and drive the budgeting process.
A Suture-less Underlay Ventral Herniorrhaphy Technique for High-Risk Complex Abdominal Wall Reconstruction
Authors: Maxwell DO Daniel , Losken MD Albert , Elwood MD David
Published: April 2022

Introduction

Many factors increase the complexity of abdominal wall reconstruction including attenuated fascia, loss-of-domain, prior hernia surgeries, multiple fascial defects, enterocutaneous fistulas, and mesh infections. We describe our experience of using a suture-less mesh fixation underlay ventral herniorrhaphy technique to combat such issues in high-risk ventral hernia repair.

Methods

This is a prospective-observational study. Patients from 2019 onward undergoing emergent or elective cases were included. The technique: A large porcine acellular-dermal-matrix (ADM) alone or sutured to a light-weight, macroporous polypropylene mesh is created and placed with ADM facing the bowel. Fibrin glue is sprayed over the mesh, fascia and skin closed. An abdominal binder is placed pre-extubation and left undisturbed for 5 postoperative days.

Results

Of 34 included patients, the average demographic was a Caucasian (62.9%) female (65.7%), with class-I or greater obesity (76.5%), hypertension (74.3%), dyslipidemia (48.6%), non-skin malignancy (40.0%), type II diabetes mellitus (34.3%), a ventral hernia working group class of III-IV (55.9%), a mean of 3 ± 2.2 prior surgeries, and mean fascial defect size of 12.3 x 13.5cm. Five were prior solid-organ transplant recipients. Four patients underwent simultaneous tumor extirpations and herniorrhaphy. Five cases (14.7%) were emergent. Removal of prior mesh was performed in 48.5% of cases—seven had infected mesh. Median length of stay was 7 days, with 141 days median follow-up time. Fifteen patients (44.1%) developed a complication. Hernia-specific complications were limited to healing problems. There were no recurrences.

Conclusion

This technique is easy and safe to employ in patients requiring high-risk complex abdominal reconstructions with minimal hernia-specific complications.
Weaponizing people in environmental conflicts: Capturing ‘hearts’, ‘minds’, and manufacturing ‘volunteers’ for extractive development
Authors: Dunlap Alexander
Published: April 2022

Local support is instrumental to natural resource extraction. Examining militarization beyond the battlefield, this article discusses the organization of volunteers in three controversial resource extraction projects. Drawing on the political ecology of counter-insurgency and 4 years of research that examined wind energy development in Mexico, coal mining in Germany, and copper mining in Peru, this article examines the weaponization of volunteers in environmental conflicts. It is argued that political acquiescence to natural resource extraction is manufactured by various means of coercion and reward, meanwhile volunteerism – or the appearance thereof – seeks to manipulate people’s ambitions and desires. The manufacturing of volunteerism expresses a ‘local’ counterinsurgency approach, designed to counter-resistance groups by articulating a form of counter-organizing to defend extractive development projects (and transnational capital). The fact remains, however, that these groups often qualify for welfare programs, are paid, or are recipients of ‘donations’ to ensure a supportive presence in the target areas. Volunteerism, in the conventional sense, is ‘hybridized’ with paid work posturing as unpaid to organize legitimacy. Discussing counter-organizations and their relationship to armed and unarmed volunteerism, the article details how communities are divided to support natural resource extraction in times of widespread ecological and climate crises.
How is social inequality maintained in the Global South? Critiquing the concept of dirty work
Authors: Zulfiqar Ghazal , Prasad Ajnesh
Published: April 2022

Extant research on dirty work—occupations involving physical, social, or moral taint, which affect worker identities—has been read primarily through the lens of social identity theory (SIT). There are two notable shortcomings that emerge as a consequence of dirty work being too heavily reliant upon the precepts of SIT, which we seek to remedy in this article: (1) the overemphasis on the symbolic to the detriment of the material has led to false optimism regarding the ability for subjects doing dirty work to exercise agency in constructing their own sense of selves, and (2) the failure to substantively account for the role of identity differences suggests that empirical research on the phenomenon is devoid of proper historical and cultural contextualization. Drawing on a qualitive study on low-caste toilet cleaners in Pakistan, our findings were largely incongruous with the scholarly conceptualization of dirty work that has been propagated to date. We explicate the embedded role of power and context in dirty work, which are not adequately considered using SIT alone. Repudiating the overly romanticized version of the concept, we argue that SIT’s account of dirty work ought to be complemented by status construction theory going forward.