bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Different oncological features of colorectal cancer codon-specific KRAS mutations: Not codon 13 but codon 12 have prognostic value
Authors: Ahn Hong-Min , Kim Duck-Woo , Oh Hyeon Jeong , Kim Hyung Kyung , Lee Hye Seung , Lee Tae Gyun , Shin Hye-Rim , Yang In Jun , Lee Jeehye , Suh Jung Wook , Oh Heung-Kwon , Kang Sung-Bum
Published: August 2023

The robotic liver resection (RLR) has been increasingly applied in recent years and its benefits shown in some aspects owing to the technical advancement of robotic surgical system, however, controversies still exist. Based on the foundation of the previous consensus statement, this new consensus document aimed to update clinical recommendations and provide guidance to improve the outcomes of RLR clinical practice. The guideline steering group and guideline expert group were formed by 29 international experts of liver surgery and evidence-based medicine (EBM). Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed by the evidence evaluation group. According to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, the Guidance Principles of Development and Amendment of the Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in China 2022, a total of 14 recommendations were generated. Among them were 8 recommendations formulated by the GRADE method, and the remaining 6 recommendations were formulated based on literature review and experts’ opinion due to insufficient EBM results. This international experts consensus guideline offered guidance for the safe and effective clinical practice and the research direction of RLR in future.
Drug-induced entero-colitis due to interleukin-17 inhibitor use; capsule endoscopic findings and pathological characteristics: A case report
Authors: Saito Keita , Yoza Kiichiro , Takeda Shinichiro , Shimoyama Yoshihiro , Takeuchi Ken
Published: August 2023

The robotic liver resection (RLR) has been increasingly applied in recent years and its benefits shown in some aspects owing to the technical advancement of robotic surgical system, however, controversies still exist. Based on the foundation of the previous consensus statement, this new consensus document aimed to update clinical recommendations and provide guidance to improve the outcomes of RLR clinical practice. The guideline steering group and guideline expert group were formed by 29 international experts of liver surgery and evidence-based medicine (EBM). Relevant literature was reviewed and analyzed by the evidence evaluation group. According to the WHO Handbook for Guideline Development, the Guidance Principles of Development and Amendment of the Guidelines for Clinical Diagnosis and Treatment in China 2022, a total of 14 recommendations were generated. Among them were 8 recommendations formulated by the GRADE method, and the remaining 6 recommendations were formulated based on literature review and experts’ opinion due to insufficient EBM results. This international experts consensus guideline offered guidance for the safe and effective clinical practice and the research direction of RLR in future.
The time course of visual foraging in the lifespan: Spatial scanning, organization search, and target processing
Authors: Bella-Fernández Marcos , Suero Suñé Manuel , Gil-Gómez de Liaño Beatriz
Published: August 2023

Visual foraging is a variant of visual search, consisting of searching for an undetermined number of targets among distractors (e.g., looking for various LEGO pieces in a box). Under non-exhaustive tasks, the observer scans the display, picking those targets needed, not necessarily all of them, before leaving the search. To understand how the organization of such natural foraging tasks works, several measures of spatial scanning and organization have been proposed in the exhaustive foraging literature: best-r, intertarget distances, PAO, and target intersections. In the present study, we apply these measures and new Bayesian indexes to determine how the time course of visual foraging is organized in a dynamic non-exhaustive paradigm. In a large sample of observers (279 participants, 4–25 years old), we compare feature and conjunction foraging and explore how factors like set size and time course, not previously tested in exhaustive foraging, might affect search organization in non-exhaustive dynamic tasks. The results replicate previous findings showing younger observers’ searching being less organized, feature conditions being more organized than conjunction conditions, and organization leading to a more effective search. Interestingly, observers tend to be less organized as set size increases, and search is less organized within a patch as it advances in time: Search organization decreases when search termination is coming, suggesting organization measures as potential clues to understand quitting rules in search. Our results highlight the importance of studying search organization in foraging as a critical source of understanding complex cognitive processes in visual search.
Resting Stroop task: Evidence of task conflict in trials with no required response
Authors: Hershman Ronen , Dadon Gal , Kiesel Andrea , Henik Avishai
Published: August 2023

In the typical Stroop task, participants are presented with color words written in different ink colors and are asked to respond to their color. It has been suggested that the Stroop task consists of two main conflicts: information conflict (color vs. word naming) and task conflict (respond to color vs. read the word). In the current study, we developed a novel task that includes both Response trials (i.e., trials in which a response is required) and Rest trials (i.e., trials in which no response is required or available) and investigated the existence of both information and task conflicts in Rest trials. We found evidence for task conflict in Response and also in Rest trials, while evidence for information conflict was only observed in Response trials. These results are in line with a model of task conflict that occurs independently of and prior to information conflict in the Stroop task.
e-Babylab: An open-source browser-based tool for unmoderated online developmental studies
Authors: Lo Chang Huan , Hermes Jonas , Kartushina Natalia , Mayor Julien , Mani Nivedita
Published: August 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic massively changed the context and feasibility of developmental research. This new reality, as well as considerations about sample diversity and naturalistic settings for developmental research, highlights the need for solutions for online studies. In this article, we present e-Babylab, an open-source browser-based tool for unmoderated online studies targeted for young children and babies. e-Babylab offers an intuitive graphical user interface for study creation and management of studies, users, participant data, and stimulus material, with no programming skills required. Various kinds of audiovisual media can be presented as stimuli, and possible measures include webcam recordings, audio recordings, key presses, mouse-click/touch coordinates, and reaction times. An additional feature of e-Babylab is the possibility to administer short adaptive versions of MacArthur–Bates Communicative Development Inventories (Chai et al. Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 63, 3488-3500, 2020). Information pages, consent forms, and participant forms are customizable. e-Babylab has been used with a variety of measures and paradigms in over 12 studies with children aged 12 months to 8 years (n = 1516). We briefly summarize some results of these studies to demonstrate that data quality, participant engagement, and overall results are comparable between laboratory and online settings. Finally, we discuss helpful tips for using e-Babylab and present plans for upgrades.
Interindividual variations in associative visual learning: Exploration, description, and partition of response characteristics
Authors: Brandner Catherine , Raynal Elsa , Ruggeri Paolo
Published: August 2023

Relying on existing literature to identify suitable techniques for characterizing individual differences presents practical and methodological challenges. These challenges include the frequent absence of detailed descriptions of raw data, which hinders the assessment of analysis appropriateness, as well as the exclusion of data points deemed outliers, or the reliance on comparing only extreme groups by categorizing continuous variables into upper and lower quartiles. Despite the availability of algorithmic modeling in standard statistical software, investigations into individual differences predominantly focus on factor analysis and parametric tests. To address these limitations, this application-oriented study proposes a comprehensive approach that leverages behavioral responses through the use of signal detection theory and clustering techniques. Unlike conventional methods, signal detection theory considers both sensitivity and bias, offering insights into the intricate interplay between perceptual ability and decision-making processes. On the other hand, clustering techniques enable the identification and classification of distinct patterns within the dataset, allowing for the detection of singular behaviors that form the foundation of individual differences. In a broader framework, these combined approaches prove particularly advantageous when analyzing large and heterogeneous datasets provided by data archive platforms. By applying these techniques more widely, our understanding of the cognitive and behavioral processes underlying learning can be expedited and enhanced.
Two-dimensional molecular networks at the solid/liquid interface and the role of alkyl chains in their building blocks
Authors: Liu Suyi , Norikane Yasuo , Kikkawa Yoshihiro
Published: August 2023

Nanoarchitectonics has attracted increasing attention owing to its potential applications in nanomachines, nanoelectronics, catalysis, and nanopatterning, which can contribute to overcoming global problems related to energy and environment, among others. However, the fabrication of ordered nanoarchitectures remains a challenge, even in two dimensions. Therefore, a deeper understanding of the self-assembly processes and substantial factors for building ordered structures is critical for tailoring flexible and desirable nanoarchitectures. Scanning tunneling microscopy is a powerful tool for revealing the molecular conformations, arrangements, and orientations of two-dimensional (2D) networks on surfaces. The fabrication of 2D assemblies involves non-covalent interactions that play a significant role in the molecular arrangement and orientation. Among the non-covalent interactions, dispersion interactions that derive from alkyl chain units are believed to be weak. However, alkyl chains play an important role in the adsorption onto substrates, as well as in the in-plane intermolecular interactions. In this review, we focus on the role of alkyl chains in the formation of ordered 2D assemblies at the solid/liquid interface. The alkyl chain effects on the 2D assemblies are introduced together with examples documented in the past decades.
Cap VI. ¿Qué encontramos al investigar? Resultados
Authors:   Universidad César Vallejo, Carrasco Pintado Pablo Ramón , Tejada Arana Arístides Alfonso ,   Universidad César Vallejo, Incasoller Vilca Carlos Andrés César ,   Instituto de Educación Superior Pedagógico “San Marcelo”, Gutiérrez Peñaloza Magaly Lourdes ,   Universidad Tecnológica del Perú
Published: August 2023

La presentación de los resultados de investigación es un componente crítico de cualquier estudio. Es a través de los resultados que se informa sobre el éxito o fracaso de la investigación, se ofrecen respuestas a las preguntas de investigación planteadas y se informa sobre nuevas posibles líneas de investigación. En este capítulo, se aborda cómo se presentan los resultados de investigación utilizando tres metodologías diferentes: la metodología cuantitativa, la metodología cualitativa y la metodología mixta. Se describen las diferentes formas en que se presentan los resultados utilizando herramientas como tablas, gráficos, figuras y citas. El objetivo principal de este capítulo es proporcionar a los investigadores una guía práctica para presentar los resultados de investigación de manera efectiva y adecuada en función de la metodología que han utilizado. La investigación es de tipo documental bibliográfico. La presentación adecuada de los resultados de investigación es crucial para garantizar que los hallazgos obtenidos sean comprendidos y aceptados por la comunidad científica.
CARBON IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF BRIDGE CONSTRUCTION BASED ON RESILIENCE THEORY
Authors: Zhou Zhi Wu , Alcalà Julián , Yepes Víctor
Published: August 2023

The construction and management of large-scale projects have the characteristics of complexity, dynamic and offline, and how to evaluate it is a research problem accurately. This study addresses this question through multidisciplinary cross-applied research. The research analyses and optimizes the environmental impact of the construction stage of superlarge bridges by establishing a theoretical model system of environmental impact resilience. The analysis shows that industrialized construction can save 56.31% of materials compared with traditional construction but increase the consumption of machinery and personnel by 11.18%. Ultimately, environmental pollution can be significantly reduced. This study breaks through the difficulty of accurately evaluating discrete dynamic factors. It has realized the application of multidisciplinary research to solve management optimization and design problems in the elastic and dynamic changes of super-large bridges during construction. This research provides rich theoretical models and advanced analytics experience data for environmental resilience impacts and project resilience management models, laying a solid scientific foundation for dynamic control and sustainable development assessment of statically indeterminate structures in the future.
THE IMPACT OF DISRUPTIVE TECHNOLOGY ON BANKING UNDER SWITCHING VOLATILITY REGIMES
Authors: Arenas Laura , Gil-Lafuente Anna María , Reverter Josefa Boria
Published: August 2023

This paper uses the case of Spain to investigate whether and how disruptive technology impacts banking stock returns under a high volatility regime and a low volatility regime. For this purpose, a two-factor model with heteroscedastic Markov switching regimes has been applied. The results indicate that disruptive technologies have an impact on Spanish banking stock returns and that the effects are volatility regime dependent, having a relevant positive impact in high volatility regimes and a less relevant negative impact in low volatility regimes. These findings suggest that investors are informed about and acknowledge the advantages of disruptive technologies and will use their adoption as a business strategy to offset adverse market circumstances. During stable market conditions, on the other hand, Spanish banking seems to have less expectations about disruptive technology as a business strategy. To summarise, this paper provides insights into the role of the pricing of banking-related assets and has other relevant implications for investors that include disruptive technology or banking exposed investments in their portfolios.
Speed and Acceleration of Coronal Mass Ejections Associated with Sustained Gamma-Ray Emission Events Observed by Fermi/LAT
Authors: Mäkelä Pertti , Gopalswamy Nat , Akiyama Sachiko , Xie Hong , Yashiro Seiji
Published: August 2023

The sustained gamma-ray emission (SGRE) from the Sun is a prolonged enhancement of >100 MeV gamma-ray emission that extends beyond the flare impulsive phase. The origin of the >300 MeV protons resulting in SGRE is debated, with both flares and shocks driven by coronal mass ejections (CMEs) being the suggested sites of proton acceleration. We compared the near-Sun acceleration and space speed of CMEs with “Prompt” and “Delayed” (SGRE) gamma-ray components. We found that “Delayed”-component-associated CMEs have higher initial accelerations and space speeds than “Prompt Only”-component-associated CMEs. We selected halo CMEs (HCMEs) associated with type II radio bursts (shock-driving HCMEs) and compared the average acceleration and space speed between HCME populations with or without SGRE events, major solar energetic particle (SEP) events, metric, or decameter-hectometric (DH) type II radio bursts. We found that the SGRE-producing HCMEs associated with a DH type II radio burst and/or a major SEP event have higher space speeds and especially initial accelerations than those without an SGRE event. We estimated the radial distances and speeds of the CME-driven shocks at the end time of the 2012 January 23 and March 7 SGRE events using white-light images of STEREO Heliospheric Imagers and radio dynamic spectra of Wind WAVES. The shocks were at the radial distances of 0.6–0.8 au and their speeds were high enough (≈975 km s−1 and ≈750 km s−1, respectively) for high-energy particle acceleration. Therefore, we conclude that our findings support the CME-driven shock as the source of >300 MeV protons.
Shadow Geometry of Kerr Naked Singularities
Authors: Nguyen Bao , Christian Pierre , Chan Chi-kwan
Published: August 2023

Direct imaging of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) at event horizon-scale resolutions, as recently done by the Event Horizon Telescope, allows for testing alternative models to SMBHs such as Kerr naked singularities (KNSs). We demonstrate that the KNS shadow can be closed, open, or vanishing, depending on the spins and observational inclination angles. We study the critical parameters where the KNS shadow opens a gap, a distinctive phenomenon that does not happen with the black hole shadow. We show that the KNS shadow can only be closed for dimensionless spin a ≲ 1.18 and vanishing for a ≳ 1.18 for certain ranges of inclination angles. We further analyze the effective angular momentum of photon orbits to demonstrate the fundamental connections between light geodesics and the KNS shadow geometry. We also perform numerical general relativistic ray-tracing calculations, which reproduce the analytical topological change in the KNS shadow, and illustrate other observational features within the shadow due to the lack of an event horizon. By comparing the geometric features of the KNS shadow with black hole shadow observations, the topological change in the shadow of KNSs can be used to test the cosmic censorship hypothesis and KNSs as alternative models to SMBHs.
NuSTAR Observations of Abell 665 and 2146: Constraints on Nonthermal Emission
Authors: Rojas Bolivar Randall A. , Wik Daniel R. , Tümer Ayşegül , Gastaldello Fabio , Hlavacek-Larrondo Julie , Nulsen Paul , Vacca Valentina , Madejski Grzegorz , Sun Ming , Sarazin Craig L. , Sanders Jeremy , Caprioli Damiano , Grefenstette Brian , Westergaard Niels-Jorgen
Published: August 2023

Observations from past missions such as RXTE and Beppo-SAX suggested the presence of inverse Compton (IC) scattering at hard X-ray energies within the intracluster medium of some massive galaxy clusters. In subsequent years, observations by, e.g., Suzaku, and now NuSTAR, have not been able to confirm these detections. We report on NuSTAR hard X-ray searches for IC emission in two massive galaxy clusters, A665 and A2146. To constrain the global IC flux in these two clusters, we fit global NuSTAR spectra with three models: single (1T) and two-temperature (2T) models, and a 1T plus power-law component (T+IC). The temperature components are meant to characterize the thermal ICM emission, while the power law represents the IC emission. We find that the 3–30 keV A665 and 3–20 keV A2146 spectra are best described by thermal emission alone, with average global temperatures of kT = (9.15 ± 0.1) keV for A665 and kT = (8.29 ± 0.1) keV for A 2146. We constrain the IC flux to F
NT <0.60 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 and F
NT < 0.85 × 10−12 erg s−1 cm−2 (20–80 keV) for A665 and A2146, respectively both at the 90% confidence level. When we couple the IC flux limits with 1.4 GHz diffuse radio data from the VLA, we set lower limits on the average magnetic field strengths of >0.14 μG and >0.011 μG for A665 and A2146, respectively.
Study of the Spiral Structure in Galaxies with Multiple Arms: A Preliminary Analysis in NGC 1084 and NGC 3464
Authors: Diaz-Fonseca J. M. , Vera-Villamizar N. , Valderrama-Vergara J. A. , Tejada N. Poveda
Published: August 2023

We performed a morphological analysis of the spiral structure in two specific galaxies: NGC 1084 and NGC 3464. The main objective of this research is to gain a deeper understanding of the distribution of the spiral structure in disk galaxies by studying their spiral patterns. We applied the two-dimensional fast Fourier transform method and conducted a detailed review of the Fourier spectra and radial density functions (RDFs) to analyze their patterns and characteristics. The initial results reveal that the main modes in the distribution of the spiral arms are m = 1 and m = 2, indicating symmetry. Additionally, specific areas in the RDF are detected where other modes, such as m = 3 and m = 4, exhibit higher relevance, indicating the presence of multiple spiral structures (bifurcations or segments).
New Post-DART Collision Period for the Didymos System: Evidence for Anomalous Orbital Decay
Authors: Gudebski Taylor , Heldridge Elisabeth , McGawn Brady , Hill Elle O , Swift Jonathan J. , Zhou Henry
Published: August 2023

On 2022 September 26, NASA’s DART spacecraft impacted Dimorphos, the secondary asteroid in the (65803) Didymos system, so that the efficiency with which a satellite could divert an asteroid could be measured from the change in the systems period. We present new data from the Thacher Observatory and measure a change in period, ΔP = − 34.2 ± 0.1 minutes, which deviates from previous measurements by 3.5σ. This suggests that the system period may have decreased by ∼1 minute in the 20–30 days between previous measurements and our measurements. We find that no mechanism previously presented for this system can account for this large of a period change, and drag from impact ejecta is an unlikely explanation. Further observations of the (65803) Didymos system are needed to both confirm our result and to further understand this system post impact.
Baseline and Post-NACT Imaging in Retinoblastoma With Optic Nerve Involvement: Can MRI Predict Prognosis?
Authors: Chiranthan Madhu , Meel Rachna , Bakhshi Sameer , Sharma Sanjay , Lomi Neiwete , Kashyap Seema , Bajaj Mandeep S.
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

To describe a staging system for optic nerve invasion using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and report any correlation with survival outcome.

Methods:

This was a ambispective study. Twenty-one patients with retinoblastoma who had optic nerve involvement on MRI were staged at baseline based on contrast enhancement and/or thickening and length of involvement. Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) was noted according to proposed response evaluation criteria and results were correlated with survival outcome.

Results:

Baseline MRI staging was able to predict event-free survival (EFS) (
P
= .0015) using the log-rank test for trends. Patients with optic nerve enhancement alone showed 100% survival prognosis. Optic nerve thickening cases with complete or partial response to NACT showed better EFS (
P
> .90) than those with stable disease according to response evaluation criteria.

Conclusions:

The modified staging system for optic nerve invasion used in the current study significantly predicted EFS. The study also showed that response to NACT may be affected by baseline staging. The authors recommend that cases with optic nerve enhancement only, irrespective of the length of involvement (stage 0), may be treated with upfront enucleation. Cases with optic nerve thickening may be staged to evaluate the correlation with survival outcome in a larger cohort in future studies.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2024;61(2):98–105.]
Effectiveness of Combined Exercise and Nutrition Interventions in Preventing and Improving Sarcopenia in Frail or Healthy Older Adults: A Systematic Review
Authors: Park Seong-Hi , Lee Heashoon
Published: August 2023

The current systematic review compared whether combined exercise and nutrition interventions are effective in preventing or improving sarcopenia in frail older adults and healthy older adults. Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, and CINAHL were searched for randomized controlled trials. Of the 1,596 citations, 22 trials (
N
= 1,767) were included in the final sample. In frail older adults, significant improvement after combined exercise and nutrition interventions was observed in seven indicators: skeletal muscle index, 0.16 kg/m
2
; handgrip, 1.41 kg; knee extension strength, 0.24 Nm; five-repetition chair-stand test, −1.89 sec; gait speed, 0.06 m/s; Short Physical Performance Battery, 0.43; and Timed Up and Go test, −0.56 sec. In healthy older adults, two indicators improved and showed statistically significant differences: handgrip, 2.15 kg; and 6-Minute Walking Test, 9.71 m. Combined exercise and nutritional interventions can improve skeletal muscle quality, strength, and physical performance in frail and healthy older adults. [
Research in Gerontological Nursing, 16
(6), 312–320.]
Pediatric multiple sclerosis: an integrated outlook at the interplay between genetics, environment and brain-gut dysbiosis
Authors: Adabanya Uzochukwu , Awosika Ayoola , Khan Anosh , Oluka Ejike , Adeniyi Mayowa
Published: August 2023

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating autoimmune condition caused by demyelination, neurodegeneration and persistent inflammation of the central nervous system. Pediatric multiple sclerosis (PMS) is a relatively rare form of the disease that affects a significant number of individuals with MS. Environmental exposures, such as viral infections and smoking, can interact with MS-associated human leukocyte antigens (HLA) risk alleles and influence the immune response. Upregulation of immune response results in the disruption of immune balance leading to cascade of inflammatory events. It has also been established that gut microbiome dysbiosis poses a higher risk for pro-inflammation, and it is essentially argued to be the greatest environmental risk factor for MS. Dysbiosis can cause an unusual response from the adaptive immune system and significantly contribute to the development of disease in the host by activating pro-inflammatory pathways that cause immune-mediated disorders such as PMS, rendering the body more vulnerable to foreign attacks due to a weakened immune response. All these dynamic interactions between biological, environmental and genetic factors based on epigenetic study has further revealed that upregulation or downregulation of some genes/enzyme in the central nervous system white matter of MS patients produces a less stable form of myelin basic protein and ultimately leads to the loss of immune tolerance. The diagnostic criteria and treatment options for PMS are constantly evolving, making it crucial to have a better understanding of the disease burden on a global and regional scale. The findings from this review will aid in deepening the understanding of the interplay between genetic and environmental risk factors, as well as the role of the gut microbiome in the development of pediatric multiple sclerosis. As a result, healthcare professionals will be kept abreast of the early diagnostic criteria, accurately delineating other conditions that can mimic pediatric MS and to provide comprehensive care to individuals with PMS based on the knowledge gained from this research.
Un capitel de lesena marmóreo con decoración figurada de temática mitológica procedente del complejo termal monumental de la ciudad hispanorromana de Valeria (Las Valeras, Cuenca)
Authors: Atienza Fuente Javier
Published: August 2023

Durante la intervención arqueológica llevada a cabo en el complejo termal monumental de Valeria a lo largo del año 2019 se recuperaron numerosos elementos marmóreos pertenecientes a la decoración del edificio en su última etapa de uso. Entre estos objetos destaca un capitel de lesena elaborado en un marmor hispano que presenta la particularidad de contener decoración figurada, labrada en relieve, de temática mitológica. En este trabajo se aborda el estudio de esta pieza tanto en lo que respecta a sus aspectos técnicos y morfológicos como también a la temática e iconografía de la escena representada.
Étienne Balibar: política, heteronomía, violencia
Authors: Fajardo Christian
Published: August 2023

En este artículo busco repensar el concepto de transformación política con la ayuda de algunas sugerencias de la obra del filósofo Étienne Balibar. De acuerdo con esto, en primer lugar, señalo que la práctica política actualiza cierto carácter irreductible de la violencia en el interior de la coexistencia humana. En segunda instancia, argumento que dicha actualización tiene un desenvolvimiento ético que permite que las relaciones sociales estén atravesadas por la inminencia del conflicto político. Finalmente, muestro que la práctica política teje unos criterios sensibles que conjuran la aparición de la extrema violencia en el mundo contemporáneo.
Sobre las dificultades de Foucault en su interpretación de la tesis de la ruptura cartesiana entre método y espiritualidad, filosofía y forma de vida
Authors: Álvarez Yágüez Jorge
Published: August 2023

La posición de Foucault acerca de la ruptura que Descartes había representado respecto de la relación entre acceso a la verdad y transformación de sí, entre método y espiritualidad no fue unívoca. Sus formulaciones variaron, a veces de manera sorprendente. Foucault veía que el autor de las Meditaciones metafísicas mantenía una compleja relación con la tradición de la espiritualidad, lo que exigía precisar en más de un aspecto la conocida tesis de la ruptura. Aquí trataremos de examinar esa dificultad en la que se encontró Foucault.
De la vulnerabilidad al reconocimiento recíproco de capacidades: el caso de los niños, niñas y adolescentes activistas ambientales en Latinoamérica y el Caribe
Authors: Maldonado Castañeda Pedro Hernando
Published: August 2023

El cambio climático es uno de los mayores desafíos a los que nos enfrentamos en el siglo XXI. Los niños, niñas y adolescentes son especialmente vulnerables a sus efectos y han levantado su voz exigiendo justicia climática y un mayor reconocimiento en esta lucha ante la falta de atención de los estados. Aunque se han mejorado sus derechos para participar en la toma de decisiones, todavía no se han visto acciones concretas, especialmente en el sur global. En este artículo se propone el concepto de «reconocimiento recíproco de capacidades» como una manera de empoderar a los niños, niñas y adolescentes. Se concluye que es fundamental abordar este reconocimiento a nivel micropolítico.
Comparison of Rheological Models to Simulate Die Filling Process of A356 Semisolid Alloy
Authors: Sanjuan-Sanjuan Gerardo , Galindo-Solano Arturo , Ramirez-Calera Itzel Jazmín , Chavez-Castellanos Ángel Enrique
Published: August 2023

Semisolid materials with a non-dendritic microstructure have a complex rheological behavior such as pseudo-plasticity and thixotropy. These properties affect filling and solidification processes during, casting; thus, simulation plays a vital role since it avoids limitations improving cast and production performance. In order to study and A356 aluminum semisolid alloy flow, a Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) software (ANSYS) is used to simulate the die filling process in a rectangular mold. Three non-Newtonian constitutive equations are modeled in this work: the Cross equation, the Power-law equation and the Carreau equation. The rheological parameters for each equation were obtained from experimental data reported in the literature. The results showed that the non-Newtonian models predicted better the filling behavior and the pressure distribution than the Newtonian model.
Microstructure Evolution during Cooling Slope Rheoprocessing of Novel Al-15Mg2Si-4.5Si Composite
Authors: Das Prosenjit
Published: August 2023

In this study, microstructure evolution during cooling slope casting of Al-15Mg2Si-4.5Si composite is studied considering a test case of melt pouring temperature of 650°C. The shear force exerted by the flowing melt on the evolving primary Mg2Si and α-Al grains facilitates their fragmentation and subsequent spherodisation. After leaving cooling slope, the composite slurry is kept isothermally within a holding furnace for different time duration i.e., 8, 16, 24 and 32 minutes. Increasing trend in grain size values is observed with the increasing slurry holding time, whereas sphericity value decreases after initial increase till 8 minutes of slurry holding. The slurry samples are scooped from chosen locations of the slope as well as from isothermal slurry holding bath and rapidly quenched in oil to study their microstructure and mechanical properties. Simultaneous spherodisation of both the primary phases i.e., primary Mg2Si and α-Al during cooling slope processing is evident from optical microscopy and Scanning electron microscopy of quenched slurry samples. Whereas increasing sphericity of P-Mg2Si and α-Al phases, along the melt flow direction over the slope, is found to accompany with the increasing micro hardness values.
Comparison of on-Statin Lipid and Lipoprotein Levels for the Prediction of First Cardiovascular Event in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Kim Ji Yoon , Choi Jimi , Kim Sin Gon , Kim Nam Hoon
Published: August 2023

Background: A substantial cardiovascular disease risk remains even after optimal statin therapy. Comparative predictiveness of major lipid and lipoprotein parameters for cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who are treated with statins is not well documented.Methods: From the Korean Nationwide Cohort, 11,900 patients with T2DM (≥40 years of age) without a history of cardiovascular disease and receiving moderate- or high-intensity statins were included. The primary outcome was the first occurrence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) including ischemic heart disease, ischemic stroke, and cardiovascular death. The risk of MACE was estimated according to on-statin levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglyceride (TG), highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C.Results: MACE occurred in 712 patients during a median follow-up period of 37.9 months (interquartile range, 21.7 to 54.9). Among patients achieving LDL-C levels less than 100 mg/dL, the hazard ratios for MACE per 1-standard deviation change in ontreatment values were 1.25 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.07 to 1.47) for LDL-C, 1.31 (95% CI, 1.09 to 1.57) for non-HDL-C, 1.05 (95% CI, 0.91 to 1.21) for TG, and 1.16 (95% CI, 0.98 to 1.37) for HDL-C, after adjusting for potential confounders and lipid parameters mutually. The predictive ability of on-statin LDL-C and non-HDL-C for MACE was prominent in patients at high cardiovascular risk or those with LDL-C ≥70 mg/dL.Conclusion: On-statin LDL-C and non-HDL-C levels are better predictors of the first cardiovascular event than TG or HDL-C in patients with T2DM.
Differential Impact of Obesity on the Risk of Diabetes Development in Two Age Groups: Analysis from the National Health Screening Program
Authors: Yoo Tae Kyung , Han Kyung-Do , Kim Yang-Hyun , Nam Ga Eun , Park Sang Hyun , Rhee Eun-Jung , Lee Won-Young
Published: August 2023

Background: The effect of obesity on the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in different age groups remains unclear. We assessed the impact of obesity on the development of DM for two age groups (40-year-old, middle age; 66-year-old, older adults) in the Korean population.Methods: We analyzed Korean National Health Insurance Service data of 4,145,321 Korean adults with 40- and 66-year-old age without DM, between 2009 and 2014. Participants were followed up until 2017 or until the diagnosis of DM. We assessed the risk of DM based on the body mass index and waist circumference of the participants. Multiple confounding factors were adjusted.Results: The median follow-up duration was 5.6 years. The association of general and abdominal obesity with the risk of DM development was stronger in the 40-year-old group (general obesity: hazard ratio [HR], 3.566, 95% confidence interval [CI], 3.512 to 3.622; abdominal obesity: HR, 3.231; 95% CI, 3.184 to 3.278) than in the 66-year-old group (general obesity: HR, 1.739; 95% CI, 1.719 to 1.759; abdominal obesity: HR, 1.799; 95% CI, 1.778 to 1.820). In the 66-year-old group, abdominal obesity had a stronger association with the development of DM as compared to general obesity. In the 40-year-old group, general obesity had a stronger association with the risk of DM development than abdominal obesity.Conclusion: The influence of general and abdominal obesity on the development of DM differed according to age. In older adults, abdominal obesity had a stronger association with DM development than general obesity.
Transcallosal Suprachoroidal Approach for a Small Third Ventricular Colloid Cyst
Authors: Rai Hitesh I. S. , Mishra Shashwat , Sahu Roshan , Katiyar Varidh
Published: August 2023

Background and Introduction:

The interhemispheric transcallosal approach provides an elegant pathway to access the lesions of the third ventricle. However, every step of this approach is fraught with hazards which must be negotiated delicately. A comprehensive knowledge of surgical anatomy coupled with technical skill is necessary for optimum surgical results.

Objective:

This video aims to address the surgical nuances of the suprachoroidal transcallosal approach while accessing the lesions around the foramen of Monro in the anterior and middle part of the third ventricle.

Surgical Technique:

A 16-year-old boy presented with worsening headaches with episodes of speech arrest and blank stare for 6 years, which had become more frequent over the past 4–5 months. Radiology showed a subcentimeteric colloid cyst at the foramen of monro. A transcallosal corridor was used to reach the foramen of monro, and the suprachoroidal access was adopted to uncover the colloid cyst and excise it completely preserving the deep veins.

Results:

The patient had uneventful recovery and radiology showed complete excision of the cyst.

Conclusion:

Transcallosal approach, being minimally invasive, exploits the natural extra-axial corridor (interhemispheric) obviating the need for a cortical incision. The suprachoroidal approach mitigates the risks of thalamostriate vein injury, basal ganglia stroke, and hemiparesis.
Hybrid Anterior Clinoidectomy in the Clipping of Paraclinoid Aneurysms
Authors: Das Kuntal Kanti , Srivastava Arun Kumar , Bhaisora Kamlesh Singh , Balachandar  , Jaiswal Awadhesh Kumar , Behari Sanjay
Published: August 2023

Background:

Anterior clinoidectomy for aneurysm clipping is generally performed intradurally. Despite obvious advantages, accidental drill slippage or indirect damage from heat and bone dust remain major drawbacks.

Objective:

To demonstrate the surgical technique and utility of a combined extra- and intra-dural clinoidectomy in the clipping of dorsal wall paraclinoid internal carotid artery aneurysm.

Material and Methods:

A case of dorsal wall paraclinoid aneurysm which was stuck to the anterior clinoid process on preoperative angiogram is presented. The surgical technique is shown stepwise, and the intricacies of the technique are described.

Results:

The hybrid clinoidectomy allowed for proper delineation of the aneurysm, mobilization of the optic nerve and intracranial proximal control on the clinoidal segment by dint of “apparent” intracranial ICA lengthening. This allowed the aneurysm to be clipped successfully and the patient made an uneventful recovery.

Conclusion:

Hybrid clinoidectomy is a useful technique and must be learnt.
Trans-Oesophageal Migration of Pulled-Out Locking Screw (Zero-Profile Implant System) and its Retrieval Using Suction Catheter
Authors: Meena Rajesh K , Mishra Shashwat , Singh Pankaj K , Kanasani Suresh , Jena Bhagyaranjan , Chandra Sarat P , Kale Shashank S
Published: August 2023

Background:

Intraoperative trans-esophageal migration of pulled-out screws, especially while using the zero-profile implant system, has been rarely reported in the literature.

Objective:

In this technical note, we are describing a simple technique to retrieve a trans-esophageally migrated pulled-out screw using a suction catheter.

Material and Methods:

A 32-year-old female presented with spastic quadriparesis. She underwent C5-C6 anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). Nine months following the surgery, X-ray cervical spine showed implant loosening and failure of fusion across the instrumented disc space. However, during revision surgery, the loosened screw could not be located visually in the initial attempts, though it could be felt by probing the prevertebral space with the index finger. Intraoperative X-rays showed that the screw migrated curiously in the cranial direction as the surgical field was probed further manually. The screw was then finally retrieved using Magill's forceps assisted by video laryngoscopy assisted by intermittent negative pressure application via a blunt-tipped suction catheter.

Results:

She was discharged home on a Philadelphia collar, and at 1 year of follow-up, she was completely asymptomatic.

Conclusion:

Perforation of the aerodigestive tract by a displaced cervical spine implant is an uncommon complication. Manipulation during surgery may cause the implants embedded into the wall of the aerodigestive tract to become dislodged and then migrate into the pharyngeal lumen. In resource-constrained situations or when intraoperative endoscopy is not available, a trial of screw retrieval using a suction catheter may be attempted.
Transopercular Approach to Resection of Dominant Hemisphere Diffuse Insular Glioma Using Multimodal Intraoperative Strategy with Awake Mapping
Authors: Pathiyil Rajesh Krishna , Moiyadi Aliasgar V , Shetty Prakash , Singh Vikas , Velayutham Parthiban
Published: August 2023

Background:

Deep location as well as relation to major vascular structures and eloquent brain areas make insular glioma resection challenging. Transsylvian and transopercular approaches have been described for resection of these tumors.

Objective:

We illustrate the anatomical relations of a dominant hemisphere insular glioma and present the video demonstrating the step-wise resection of the same via frontal transopercular approach.

Surgical Procedure:

A 27-year-old lady with dominant hemisphere insular glioma underwent awake surgery through a transopercular approach with cortical and subcortical mapping using direct electrical stimulation for resection of the same.

Result:

Gross total resection of left insular glioma was achieved without any fresh postoperative deficits.

Conclusion:

Awake transopercular approach with intraoperative motor, language, and neuropsychological monitoring helps achieve maximum safe resection of insular glioma in the dominant cerebral hemisphere.
Brain Death Diagnosis in Primary Posterior Fossa Lesions
Authors: Machado Calixto
Published: August 2023

Background:

New controversies have raised on brain death (BD) diagnosis when lesions are localized in the posterior fossa.

Objective:

The aim of this study was to discuss the particularities of BD diagnosis in patients with posterior fossa lesions.

Materials and Methods:

The author made a systematic review of literature on this topic.

Results and Conclusions:

A supratentorial brain lesion usually produces a rostrocaudal transtentorial brain herniation, resulting in forebrain and brainstem loss of function. In secondary brain lesions (i.e., cerebral hypoxia), the brainstem is also affected like the forebrain. Nevertheless, some cases complaining posterior fossa lesions (i.e., basilar artery thrombotic infarcts, or hemorrhages of the brainstem and/or cerebellum) may retain intracranial blood flow and EEG activity. In this article, I discuss that if a posterior fossa lesion does not produce an enormous increment of intracranial pressure, a complete intracranial circulatory arrest does not occur, explaining the preservation of EEG activity, evoked potentials, and autonomic function. I also addressed Jahi McMath, who was declared braindead, but ancillary tests, performed 9 months after initial brain insult, showed conservation of intracranial structures, EEG activity, and autonomic reactivity to “Mother Talks” stimulus, rejecting the diagnosis of BD. Jahi McMath's MRI study demonstrated a huge lesion in the pons. Some authors have argued that in patients with primary brainstem lesions it might be possible to find in some cases partial recovery of consciousness, even fulfilling clinical BD criteria. This was the case in Jahi McMath.
Is Acute Ischemic Stroke Really Associated with Left Ventricular Systolic Dysfunction? A Case-Control Study
Authors: Manea Mirabela M , Drago[Latin Small Letter s with comma below] Dorin , Tu[Latin Small Letter t with comma below]ă Sorin
Published: August 2023

Context:

Heart failure and acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are frequently associated, due to similar risk factors and intertwined pathophysiologic mechanisms, and both result in a high mortality rate.

Aims:

Our objective was to demonstrate that left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD) is associated with AIS.

Settings and Design:

Prospective matched, case-control study on 110 patients with AIS.

Methods and Material:

The patients in the control group (CG) without history of AIS and the same inclusion criteria were matched for age, sex, and atrial fibrillation (AF) prevalence.

Statistical Analysis Used:

Fisher's exact test was used for statistical analysis.

Results:

LVSD of any degree was not statistically more or less frequent in AIS patients than in the CG. The same was true if only the patients with AF were considered (the prevalence of LVSD was not significantly different in patients with AIS and AF than in controls with AF). However, among the patients without AF the proportion of patients with normal systolic function was significantly higher in the controls than in the AIS group (P = 0.036). There was no significant difference regarding LVSD either between the patients with cardioembolic AIS and those with noncardioembolic AIS or between the AIS patients with AF and AIS patients without AF.

Conclusions:

Our study concluded that the prevalence of LVSD was the same in AIS patients and controls matched for age, sex, and AF prevalence, although the prevalence of LVSD was indeed higher in AIS patients without AF than in controls without AF.