bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EL DERECHO AL AMBIENTE SANO COMO DERECHO COLECTIVO Y NO COMO DERECHO FUNDAMENTAL “EL CASO COLOMBIANO”
Authors: Roa Luiz Arturo Ramirez
Published: August 2017

La historia de la humanidad es la historia del hombre por la conquista de sus derechos fundamentales y el reconocimiento de la dignidad humana hoy establecida en las distintas constituciones y tratados internacionales.La noción global de derechos humanos la encontramos en una evolución permanente, que ha pasado por el escenario del concepto liberal e individualista que proclamo los derechos civiles y políticos, siguiendo a una concepción más moderna, democrática con una fuerte inspiración socialista de los derechos económicos, sociales y culturales. A estas dos fases o mejor épocas de concepción de los derechos humanos se habla de una tercera o nueva generación o reconocimiento de los derechos humanos, los derechos de la solidaridad, colectivos o de clase. De esta manera pasamos de la “libertad-autonomía” a “la libertad-participación”, de los derechos individuales a los derechos colectivos y de las colectividades.La humanidad del globo terráqueo hoy reclaman todos los derechos inherentes a su naturaleza; los aceptados y reconocidos por la razón y, sin embargo, desconocidos e ignorados por la falta de su materialización aún en pleno Siglo XXI, y continuamente vulnerados por los poderosos económica y políticamente, por todos aquellos que admiten y consideran el uso de cualquier medio con tal de adquirir poder o mantener sus privilegios económicos a costa de la vulneración de los derechos fundamentales.En medio del transcurrir social y político, las conquistas de los adalides de la libertad y de la dignidad humana, han venido concretándose en formas jurídicas constitutivas de los Estados Sociales de Derecho, aparatos de poder que son formados en torno a esas bases sociales de los derechos fundamentales y colectivos.Dentro de ese abanico de derechos colectivos se encuentra la protección del medio ambiente o el derecho a un ambiente sano dentro de lo que hoy se llama el desarrollo sostenible, como fin de los Estados Modernos; por lo tanto, toda estructura de éstos debe estar iluminada por este fin, y debe tender a su realización. La sociedad hoy es consciente de que no solo al Estado es a quien le corresponde la protección del medio ambiente, sino, que se exige que la comunidad de igual manera se involucre en tal responsabilidad. La crisis ambiental es, por igual, crisis de la civilización y nos recuerda que debemos replantear la manera de entender las relaciones entre los hombres. Las injusticias sociales se traducen en desajustes ambientales y éstos a su vez, reproducen las condiciones de miseria.
SOBRE AS (IM)POSSÍVEIS RELAÇÕES ENTRE NOVAS PENOLOGIAS E DEMOCRACIA: UM ESTUDO DO BRASIL PENAL CONTEMPORÂNEO
Authors: Copetti Santos André Leonardo , Lucas Doglas Cesar
Published: August 2017

Questionar as discrepâncias e antinomias entre sistemas penais e regimes democráticos, bem como tentar estabelecer possíveis conexões entre eles, dentro de modelos de organização política nominados como Estados democráticos de Direito, são os dois principais aspectos que estruturam o objetivo central do presente artigo. Diante das novas tecnologias penais, cuja aplicação tem resultado em índices de encarceramento massivo como jamais houve em tempos de normalidade democrática, e seus efeitos negativos sobre o estado de liberdade de parcelas hipossuficientes e bem determinadas de populações de países com sistemas de direitos e garantias fundamentais positivados em suas Constituições, torna-se premente retomar as reflexões acerca das implicações entre o exercício do poder punitivo do Estado e a consolidação da democracia em sociedades, como a brasileira, nas quais imperam profundas desigualdades sociais. Neste artigo será abordada a questão da (i)legitimidade democrática, sob o viés da falta de competitividade nos processos de  ascenso ao poder, de quem produz esse direito penal contemporâneo. O resultado da investigação aponta a existência de fortes implicações dessa falta de competitividade no direcionamento de uma atuação eficientista do sistema penal destinada a parcelas bem definidas da população. Pela própria natureza antinômica e paradoxal entre sistemas normativos voltados à potencialização da liberdade e da autonomia e sistemas punitivos que atingem frontalmente esses valores, adotou-se a metodologia de aproximação dialética para o desenvolvimento do presente trabalho.
DISCURSO DO ÓDIO E DEMOCRACIA: PARTICIPAÇÃO DAS MINORIAS NA BUSCA PELA TOLERÂNCIA
Authors: Carcará Thiago Anastácio
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo pretende analisar a manifestação de pensamento chamada de discurso do ódio no ambiente democrático, propondo a participação das minorias como forma de alcançar a tolerância. Em uma analise sobre a estrutura do Estado constitucional, com enfoque na sua formação perante a América Latina, e a formação da sociedade. Dentro das estruturas da sociedade latino-americana, assevera-se o surgimento de estereótipos criados pela economia capitalista e que sobrevivem pela ausência da um ambiente democrático de debate de ideias. O surgimento de preconceitos e a falta de um ambiente que propicie a busca pela verdade, conduzem para um espaço propício para o desenvolvimento do Discurso do ódio que impede o acesso de indivíduos e de grupos considerados como minorias, em favor dos estereótipos, fazendo com que os preconceitos se enraízem mais no seio da sociedade. Buscando a criação de um novo espaço público de ideias, asseveram-se obstáculos políticos, sociais e econômicos, e soluções para sobrepor os mesmos, criando campo de fomento ao acesso dos grupos minoritários na formação da vontade estatal com participação igualitária a dos outros grupos da sociedade, na busca pela verdade, prezando pelo diálogo, com a ideia de uma sociedade plural e uníssona no sentimento de comunidade.
EDUCAÇÃO E DEMOCRACIA NA PERSPECTIVA DE MARTHA NUSSBAUM E A REFORMA DA LEI NO 9.394/1996
Authors: Pompeu Gina Marcilio , Camara Manuela Brito
Published: August 2017

A presente pesquisa, cuja metodologia é analítica, empírica e crítica, analisa dados oficiais e materiais normativos e examina a educação destinada a promover o crescimento econômico e a fomentar o desenvolvimento humano. Averigua qual tipo de ensino propicia a manutenção da democracia em um país, na perspectiva de Martha Nussbaum, relatada na obra “Sem fins lucrativos: por que a democracia precisa das humanidades”. A educação voltada para o crescimento econômico visa formar a inteligência científica dos indivíduos e prepara-os para serem agentes produtivos da sociedade; já a voltada para o desenvolvimento humano almeja instruir cidadãos críticos, solidários, capazes de reivindicar seus direitos e de exercerem o direito de resistência contra a negligência no exercício das funções do Estado. Observa que a educação destinada ao progresso humano, por meio de disciplinas de filosofia, literatura e artes, forma raciocínio crítico no aluno e concede-lhe senso de igualdade inerente às democracias. Outrossim entende que a educação voltada ao desenvolvimento humano é compatível com aquela destinada ao crescimento econômico e ambas devem ser aplicadas concomitantemente. Estuda, ainda, a educação no Brasil e verifica que o Governo Federal, ao reformar a Lei no 9.394/1996, projetou o fomento da formação de agentes de produção simultaneamente com o desenvolvimento da capacitação de agentes de afeto. Então, constata que o rumo pelo qual a educação brasileira é erigida propicia uma manutenção da democracia brasileira.
PROGRAMA UNIVERSIDADE PARA TODOS (PROUNI): A EFICÊNCIA DA POLÍTICA PÚBLICA DE EXPANSÃO DO ENSINO SUPERIOR NO BRASIL
Authors: Daniele Anna Luisa Walter de Santana , Pamplona Danielle Anne
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo faz uma avaliação do Programa Universidade para Todos (ProUni). A fundamentação legal para sua adoção é a necessidade de democratizar o ensino superior e esse é o primeiro critério utilizado. Para além dele, o artigo analisa os resultados do Programa em relação a outros dois critérios, quais sejam: suas formas de fiscalização e controle e os resultados no desempenho dos estudantes bolsistas na prova do ENADE. Esses critérios são contrapostos à opção estatal do modo de perseguir seus objetivos, que foi a renúncia fiscal. Foram encontrados resultados positivos no programa, especialmente no que se refere a expansão do ensino superior e o resultado dos estudantes. Lidar com o problema das bolsas ociosas parece ser o grande desafio do programa. Programas como o ProUni apresentam claros benefícios na medida em que existe uma necessidade de expansão do ensino superior e uma melhora importante na condição social daqueles que alcançam o término no terceiro grau no Brasil.
DEMOCRACIA PARTICIPATIVA COMO FORMA DE PROTEÇÃO DOS DIREITOS COLETIVOS
Authors: Lehfeld Lucas De Souza , Filho Augusto Martinez Perez
Published: August 2017

O presente artigo apresentará a relação entre o instituto da Democracia Participativa com o Direito Coletivo, através de uma perspectiva protetiva: como e em quais circunstâncias aquela pode ser chamada à proteção destes, tendo em vista as dificuldades fáticas que podem eventualmente emergir neste percurso. Para tanto, utiliza-se de conceitos intrinsecamente correspondentes à democracia, tais como a soberania popular e a Vontade geral, bem como os meios pelos quais estes legitimam e dão força à referida custódia dos direitos coletivos.
A ORDEM PÚBLICA COMO FUNDAMENTO DA PRISÃO PREVENTIVA E O ESTADO INQUISITIVO DE DIREITO
Authors: Lima Rafael Catani
Published: August 2017

O amplo rol de direitos fundamentais inscritos na Carta Maior representa considerável aperfeiçoamento do sistema jurídico brasileiro e, muitas vezes, denota verdadeira ruptura com o preconizado em diplomas constitucionais anteriores. A atual Carta Magna admite, contudo, as medidas cautelares restritivas de liberdade. Imperioso questionar, pois, se tal custódia, quando decretada com fulcro na garantia da ordem pública, cuja previsão legal remonta à década de 1940, compatibiliza-se com a normativa constitucional hodierna. Desse modo, diante das sucessivas modificações legislativas e constitucionais implementadas desde o advento do Código de Processo Penal, imprescindível questionar o que se entende por garantia da ordem pública, bem como demonstrar a sua afronta à ordem constitucional vigente. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo visa analisar, inicialmente, a cautelaridade no Processo Penal brasileiro, sobretudo quanto às medidas restritivas de liberdade, conforme já apontado, para após, proceder a análise crítica sobre os fundamentos autorizadores da custódia cautelar, tendo-as como paradigma não diante de um Processo Penal desconstitucionalizado, peculiar dos Estados inquisitivos, mas sim a partir de um sistema normativo balizado e justificado por respeito às garantias constitucionais, típico de um Estado Democrático.
EHydrogel Formulation of Buchanania lanzan Spreng-A Focus on Rheological Properties
Authors: A. Pattnaik , S. Mukherjee , R. Sarkar , S. Halder , B. Sa. , A. Mazumder , S. Karmakar , T. Sen
Published: August 2017

The aim of this study was to characterize and optimize the different hydrogel formulations of the methanolic root extract
of Buchanania lanzan (MEBL) with an objective towards the development of a suitable topical delivery system. The gel
formulations were prepared with different concentrations of polymer (Carbopol-940) and 0.5% of the active fraction
(ethyl acetate sub-fraction of MEBL). Different hydrogel formulations were analyzed for rheological properties,
spreadability, homogeneity and stability. A comparative study of rheological parameters, and spreadability showed that
the gel formulations displayed all the desirable properties, which are considered to be essential prerequisites for a
standard stable gel formulation. Based on the rheological studies of all the formulations, sample F3 was found to be a
stable formulation with comparatively superior rheological characteristics.
Crosslinked Chitosan/PVA Film, Suturated with 5- Fluorouracil for The Prevention of Proliferative Vitreoretinopathy
Authors: A. Baiyrkhanova , A. Ismailova , T. Botabekova , E. Enin , Y. Semenova
Published: August 2017

5-Fluorouracil (5-FU)-loaded chitosan (Ch) film for chemotherapy were prepared applying a superhydrophobic surfacebased
encapsulation technology. The aim of this study was to develop polymeric film with glutaraldehyde (GA) of controlled
drug delivery systems for 5 – fluorouracil (FU) as a model drug for the treatment of proliferative vitreoretinopathy.
Polymer film of chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA in 75:25 ratios were prepared and treated with GA. FTIR spectra
of 5-FU, Ch/5-FU and Ch/PVA film loaded 5-FU were studied. Physical characteristics such as thickness and swelling
coefficient of the film were performed. The thermal of the Ch/PVA film was studied with thermogravimethric analysis.
The drug loading efficiency, film size and chemical compositions of the film loaded drug were confirmed by UV–vis
spectrophotometer and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. In vitro release kinetics of drug from the polymeric films
was investigated to determine the drug release properties. In vivo study of PVR was showed the efficacy and no toxicity
of this formulation. Further uses of the film loaded 5 - fluorouracil may provide an efficiency deliverable for ophthalmic
administration.
Preparation and In-vitro Evaluation of Fe3O4 Encapsulated by Chitosan Loaded Capecitabine Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Breast Cancer
Authors: S. Shanmuganathan , S. Nigma , B. Anbarasan , B. Harika
Published: August 2017

Nanoparticulate Carriers which is biodegradable, biocompatible and bio adhesive have significant feasible applications for
administration of therapeutic molecules. The present study was aimed to formulate and optimise Capecitabine loaded
Chitosan-Fe3O4 Nanoparticles and to study the in-vitro evaluation by sigma dialysis method. Capecitabine loaded chitosan
– Fe3O4 nanoparticles batches with different ratios of drug: polymer (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6) were prepared by ionic
gelation method. Increase in polymer concentration increases the nanoparticle drug content. Entrapment efficiency was
60.12% with drug to polymer ratio F3 (1:3). In-vitro release was found to be 65.20% for 12 hrs. Capecitabine from chitosanFe3O4
nanoparticles SEM image reveals discrete spherical structure and particles with size range of 100-500nm. FTIR
studies represent the functional groups present with no characteristics change in formulations. Samples stored at refrigerator
conditions showed better stability compared with samples kept at other conditions during 8 weeks of storage.
Understanding the Impact of Polymer Ratio and its Concentration on Omeprazole Release from Matrix Tablets: Response Optimization
Study
Authors: R. Tiwari , G. Tiwari , P. Wal , A. Wal , P. Maurya
Published: August 2017

In present study, matrix tablets of Omeprazole (OPZ) were formulated by wet granulation technique using a combination
of hydroxyl propyl methyl cellulose (HPMC K15M) and ethyl cellulose (EC) in varying ratios and the effect of polymer
ratio as well as their concentration on drug release profile was investigated. Response surface methodology (RSM) was
conducted to optimize matrix tablets. Compressed tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, weight variation, drug
content and in vitro dissolution studies. The dissolution study was performed in pH1.2 for the first 2 h and in phosphate
buffer (pH 7.4) for another 5 h. The optimized formulation was compared with other formulations using similarity (ƒ2)
and dissimilarity factor (ƒ1) test. The results of RSM indicated that both X1 (the blending ratio of HPMC K15M K15M
and Carbopol 934P 934P) and X2 (polymer blend concentration)have significant effect on in-vitro drug release profile.
Hardness, friability, weight variation and drug content were found to be in desired range. Among different formulations,
matrix tablets prepared by HPMC K15M and Carbopol 934P 934P (7:3) with 15% polymer blend concentration
displayed 98.85% OPZ release in 7 hr. and release kinetic was higuchi (r
2= 0.9884). Similarity (f2) and dissimilarity (f1)
factors demonstrated that the in vitro profiles were not similar. Finally, it was concluded that release rate of OPZ
decreased proportionally with increasing polymer ratio (HPMC K15M: Carbopol 934P 934P) and decreasing polymer
blend concentration.
Anticancer Activity of Mixed Doxorubicin and Pravastatin in Nanoemulsions Against HCT 116 Colon Cancer Cells
Authors: Alkhatib Mayson , . Retnowati , F. Amalia
Published: August 2017

Combining drugs with different mechanism of action in nanocarriers is becoming a promising strategy in cancer therapy.
In the present study, the anticancer activity of the combination of doxorubicin (DOX) and pravastatin (PRV) loaded in
nanoemulsions (NEs) was evaluated in HCT 116 colon cancer cells. The NE formulas (NEa and NEb) consisted of different
weight fractions of the surfactant mixture of Eumulgin HRE 40/ Soya phosphatidylcholine/ sodium oleate at a fixed weight
ratio of 3.5:3.0:3.5, cholesterol (CHO), Tris- HCl buffer (pH 7.22), and 1-octanol. The cytotoxicity of the drug formulas,
loaded in either water or NEs, was assessed through 3-(4, 5 Dimethylthiazole- 2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide
(MTT) assay, while the mechanism of cell death was determined by observing the morphological changes of treated cells
under light microscope and identifying apoptosis by using the ApopNexin FITC kit and DAPI nuclear staining. It has been
found that reducing the concentration of DOX from 15 to 7.5µM by formulating it with 7.5µM of PRV in NEa (NEa (1
DOX:1 PRV)) has preserved its cytotoxicity against HCT-116 cancer cells. The present study proved that the combination
of the PRV and DOX loaded in NEa formulations improved the therapeutic potential of both of PRV and DOX as anticancer
drugs.
Aplikasi Sistem Pendukung Keputusan Stadium Penyakit Kanker Payudara Menggunakan Logika Fuzzy Berbasis Android
Authors: Adrial Rico
Published: August 2017

Kanker payudara dapat lebih mudah diatasi saat masih stadium dini. Langkah awal dari pengobatan kanker payudara adalah dengan mendeteksi apakah gejala yang muncul pada tubuh pasien benar-benar merupakan sel kanker. Stadium kanker adalah hasil diagnosis dari fisikawan medis sehingga memudahkan pemahaman tentang penyakit pasien. Pada penelitian ini digunakan Fuzzy Logic sebagai metode yang membantu pada sistem pendukung keputusan dalam menentukan stadium kanker payudara. Saat ini banyak aplikasi android yang dibuat sebagai penyedia informasi di bidang kesehatan. Penggabungan ilmu di bidang kesehatan. Fuzzy logic dan android diharapkan menjadi sebuah aplikasi mutakhir dalam membuat keputusan di bidang kesehatan. Sistem pendukung keputusan stadium kanker payudara telah dirancang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa aplikasi ini dapat mengkalkulasi berdasarkan fuzzy logic metode Sugeno dan telah di uji baik secara penghitungan pada matlab maupun manual.
A cluster of measles linked to an imported case, Finland, 2017
Authors: Seppälä Elina , Zöldi Viktor , Vuorinen Sakari , Murtopuro Satu , Elonsalo Ulpu , van Beek Janko , Haveri Anu , Kontio Mia , Savolainen-Kopra Carita , Puumalainen Taneli , Sane Jussi
Published: August 2017

One imported and five secondary cases of measles were detected in Finland between June and August 2017. The measles sequences available for five laboratory-confirmed cases were identical and belonged to serotype D8. The large number of potentially exposed Finnish and foreign individuals called for close cooperation of national and international public health authorities and other stakeholders. Raising awareness among healthcare providers and ensuring universally high vaccination coverage is crucial to prevent future clusters and outbreaks.
Ongoing large measles outbreak with nosocomial transmission in Milan, northern Italy, March–August 2017
Authors: Amendola Antonella , Bianchi Silvia , Frati Elena R , Ciceri Giulia , Faccini Marino , Senatore Sabrina , Colzani Daniela , Lamberti Anna , Baggieri Melissa , Cereda Danilo , Gramegna Maria , Nicoletti Loredana , Magurano Fabio , Tanzi Elisabetta
Published: August 2017

A large measles outbreak has been ongoing in Milan and surrounding areas. From 1 March to 30 June 2017, 203 measles cases were laboratory-confirmed (108 sporadic cases and 95 related to 47 clusters). Phylogenetic analysis revealed the co-circulation of two different genotypes, D8 and B3. Both genotypes caused nosocomial clusters in two hospitals. The rapid analysis of epidemiological and phylogenetic data allowed effective surveillance and tracking of transmission pathways.
A Theory of Strong Ties, Weak Ties, and Activity Behavior: Leisure Activity Variety and Frequency
Authors: Maness Michael
Published: August 2017

A social network and personal social capital perspective has recently been applied in studies of travel and activity behavior. In this paper, a theory of activity behavior was developed inductively from sociological principles about social capital and the creation of social networks. This theory focused on the quantity of strong social ties and the diversity of weak social ties to describe differences in leisure activity variety and frequency. The theory was applied to a case study on participation in leisure activity in the United States with data from the Personal Networks and Community Survey. The size of the respondents’ core networks and the diversity of their contacts were found to be correlated positively with the variety and frequency of their activities. In addition, endogeneity because of correlations between network diversity and social personalities was accounted for with a two-step estimation procedure. The results showed that inclusion of a count of strong ties and the diversity of weak ties significantly increased the model fit and supported the theory’s hypothesis. The results also showed the biases that could be exhibited in analyses that ignored the effects of social networks. The inclusion of social networks helped to account for additional heterogeneity in socioeconomic groups (race, income, marital status, and education) in this case study.
Dynamics of Activity Time-of-Day Choice
Authors: Shabanpour Ramin , Golshani Nima , Auld Joshua , Mohammadian Abolfazl (Kouros)
Published: August 2017

This study explored travelers’ decision behavior in selecting activity start times. The study examined the problem in the context of the Agent-based Dynamic Activity Planning and Travel Simulation (ADAPTS) activity-based travel demand model for the Chicago, Illinois, metropolitan area. A unique feature of the ADAPTS framework is its consideration of planning horizons for various activity attributes. Naturally, the various attributes of an activity—such as start time, duration, location, party involvement, and mode of travel—can be planned in different time horizons. An attribute that is planned affects the choice of other activity attributes. Therefore, developing a true behavioral time-of-day choice model would not be possible unless the planning order of activity attributes and the dynamics of travelers’ decision-making processes are taken into account. Similarly, it can be argued that there should be fundamental differences in the time-of-day decision process when other attributes of the activity are not yet planned but are to be decided at a later time. The presented time-of-day model aims to capture the dynamics of this decision process by considering the planning time horizons of other attributes of the activity, as well as the outcomes of the decisions. The study adopted the discrete choice approach to model activity timing decisions and a hybrid utility maximization and developed a regret minimization model to account for the heterogeneity of decision rules across choice variables. Analysis of the estimation results and parameter elasticities indicates that higher expected travel time, variations in travel time, and schedule occupancy rates for different time choices can significantly increase the regret value of the corresponding choice and therefore affect the time-of-day choice.
Early imaging radioresponsiveness of melanoma brain metastases as a predictor of patient prognosis
Authors: Zubatkina Irina , Ivanov Pavel
Published: August 2017

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to analyze the early radiological response of melanoma brain metastases to single high-dose irradiation and to reveal possible correlations between tumor radioresponsiveness and patient clinical outcomes.

METHODS

The authors performed a retrospective analysis of the medical data for all patients with melanoma brain metastases who had undergone Gamma Knife radiosurgery (GKRS) and follow-up MRI examinations with standard protocols at regular 2- to 3-month intervals. Volumetric measurements of the metastases on pretreatment and initial posttreatment images were performed to assess the rate of early radiological response. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the rate of response, and overall survival, local control, and the appearance of new metastases in the brain were compared in these groups using the long-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify predictors of clinical outcomes.

RESULTS

After retrospective analysis of 298 melanoma brain metastases in 78 patients, the authors determined that early radiological responses of these metastases to GKRS differ considerably and can be divided into 2 distinct groups. One group of tumors underwent rapid shrinkage after radiosurgery, whereas the other showed minor fluctuations in size (rapid- and slow-response groups, respectively). Median survival for patients with a slow response was 15.2 months compared with 6.3 months for those with a rapid response (p < 0.0001). In the multivariate analysis, improved overall survival was associated with a slow response to radiosurgery (p < 0.0001), stable systemic disease (p = 0.001), and a higher Karnofsky Performance Scale score (p = 0.001). Stratification by Recursive Partitioning Analysis, score index for radiosurgery, and diagnosis-specific Graded Prognostic Assessment classes further confirmed the difference in overall survival for patients with a slow versus rapid radiation response. Local recurrence was observed in 11% of patients with a rapid response and in 6% of patients with a slow response, at a median of more than 8 months after radiosurgery. New brain metastases were diagnosed in 67% of patients with a slow response at a median of 8.6 months after radiosurgery and in 82% of patients with a rapid response at a considerably earlier median time of 2.7 months. In the multivariate analysis, a longer time to the development of new brain metastases was associated with a slow response (p = 0.012), stable systemic disease (p = 0.034), and a single brain metastasis (p = 0.030).

CONCLUSIONS

Melanoma brain metastases show different early radioresponsiveness to radiosurgery. Rapid shrinkage of brain metastases is associated with poor patient prognosis, which may indicate more aggressive biological behavior of this tumor phenotype.
Chikungunya Fever: An Emerging Infection in Bangladesh
Authors: Muaz Syed Shafi Ahmed
Published: August 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (1) :1-3
Perinatal Characteristics and Outcome of Neonates at NICU of a Tertiary Level Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Shahidullah Mohammod , Hasan M Zahidul , Jahan Ismat , Ahmed Firoz , Dey Arjun Chandra , Dey Sanjoy Kumer , Mannan MA
Published: August 2017

Background: One of the Millennium Development Goals (MDG-4) is to reduce child mortality up to two-thirds by 2015. In most developing countries, a higher proportion of neonatal deaths are observed. It has been recognized that without a substantial reduction in neonatal deaths, MDG-4 will not be met.Objective: To assess the perinatal characteristics, pattern of admissions and outcome of neonates in a tertiary care centre in Bangladesh.Methods: A retrospective review of consecutive neonatal admissions to Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, between January and December 2013, was conducted. Data were collected from the neonatal admission, discharge and death registers. Standard definitions of the conditions were used to diagnose the clinical conditions.Results: Total 683 neonates were admitted to the NICU. Among them 56.1% were inborn and males were 56.8%. Total 61.3% neonates were low birth weight and 60.3 % were preterm. The overall cesarean section rate was 61.9%. Total 35.3% neonates had sepsis and perinatal asphyxia was present in 16.8% neonates. Congenital anomaly was present in 17.6% neonates. The mean duration of hospital stay was 11.1 days and overall mortality rate was 14.9%.Conclusion: Prematurity, neonatal infections, birth asphyxia and congenital anomalies were the main causes of neonatal hospital admission and neonatal deaths in this study.Bangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (1) :34-39
Acute Liver Failure : Management Update
Authors: Mazumder Md Wahiduzzaman , Begum Fahmida , Karim ASM Bazlul
Published: August 2017

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare but challenging clinical syndrome with multiple causes; about 50% of pediatric cases a specific etiology cannot be identified. The course of ALF is variable and the mortality rate is high. Liver transplantation is the only therapy of proven benefit, but the rapidity of progression and the variable course of ALF limit its use. Management requires a multidisciplinary approach and is directed at establishing the etiology where possible and monitoring, anticipating, and managing the multisystem complications that occur in children with ALF. Excellent intensive care is critical in management of patients with ALF. Nonspecific therapies are of unproven benefit. Future possible therapeutic approaches include N-acetylcysteine, hypothermia, liver assist devices, and hepatocyte transplantation. Advances in stem cell research may allow provision of cells for bioartificial liver support. ALF presents many challenging opportunities in both clinical and basic research.Bangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (1) :53-59
Neonatal Chylothorax; Spontaneous Remission: A Case Report
Authors: Dey Subir , Mannan MA , Yasmin Sabina , Ferdous Navila
Published: August 2017

Abstract not availableBangladesh J Child Health 2017; VOL 41 (1) :67-69
Assessment of Sustainability Indicators for Biodiesel Production
Authors: Martinez-Guerra Edith , Gude Veera
Published: August 2017

Biodiesel production may provide a sustainable route to reduce environmental pollution caused by fossil fuel consumption. In order to minimize environmental impacts of biodiesel production, the chemical process should be optimized to minimize waste generation and energy consumption. Therefore, it is important to design biodiesel chemical reactions and processes using green chemistry and green engineering principles to develop sustainable chemical processes. This study provides the results of the synergistic effect of microwave and ultrasound irradiations to produce biodiesel using ethanol or methanol as the alcohol donor. The biodiesel yields are presented along with their respective green metrics, such as atom economy, environmental factor (E-factor), atom economy (utilization) or atomic efficiency, mass intensity, reaction mass efficiency, atom utilization, and stoichiometric factor. These green metrics are crucial to determine the sustainability and environmental impact of biodiesel production. Evaluation of these green metrics indicates that methanol is a better alternative for biodiesel production provided it is derived from renewable sources. Sustainability indicator concepts used for biodiesel production in this study can be applied to various biofuels and other chemical reaction designs, synthesis and process development.
Analytical Calculation of Photovoltaic Systems Maximum Power Point (MPP) Based on the Operation Point
Authors: Cubas Javier , Pindado Santiago , Sorribes-Palmer Felix
Published: August 2017

This work proposes a new analytical model to extract the 1-Diode/2-Resistor solar cell/panel equivalent circuit parameters. The methodology is based on a reduced amount of experimentally measured information: short-circuit current, the slope of the I-V curve at that point, the open-circuit voltage, and the current and voltage levels, together with the slope of the I-V curve at the instantaneous operation point. This procedure is specially designed to analyze the performance of autonomous photovoltaic systems, which are most of the primary sources for spacecraft power. Results show good agreement with experimental data. Furthermore, this methodology allows for fast and accurate I-V curve maximum power point (MPP) identification.
Combined Effects of Densified Polystyrene and Unprocessed Fly Ash on Concrete Engineering Properties
Authors: Herki Bengin
Published: August 2017

The present study evaluated the combined effects of two types of waste materials of expanded polystyrene (EPS) and unprocessed fly ash (FA) on different properties of concrete. A novel recycling technique of densifying waste EPS is used to produce a novel lightweight aggregate (LWA). This new technique has solved the problem of segregation in concrete by coating EPS particles with a natural binder of clay and cement. Nine different concrete mixtures with a water to cement ratio of 0.8 were used. The densified EPS and unprocessed FA were partially replaced with natural aggregate and Portland cement, respectively. The engineering properties, including workability, density, compressive strength, ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV), and water absorption (WA) were investigated at different curing times. According to the experimental results, there is a decrease in compressive strength and UPV with increasing this novel LWA content in concrete. However, by using a suitable mix design, the utilisation of these two waste materials in concrete using an appropriate recycling technique is possible.
Exploiting the Versatility of Aminated Supports Activated with Glutaraldehyde to Immobilize β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae
Authors: Zaak Hadjer , Peirce Sara , De Albuquerque Tiago , Sassi Mohamed , Fernandez-Lafuente Roberto
Published: August 2017

The enzyme β-galactosidase from Aspergillus oryzae has been immobilized in aminated (MANAE)-agarose beads via glutaraldehyde chemistry using different strategies. The immobilization on MANAE-supports was first assayed at different pH values (this gave different stabilities to the immobilized enzymes) and further modified with glutaraldehyde. Dramatic drops in activity were found, even using 0.1% (v/v) glutaraldehyde. The use of a support with lower activation permitted to get a final activity of 30%, but stability was almost identical to that of the just adsorbed enzyme. Next, the immobilization on pre-activated glutaraldehyde beads was assayed at pH 5, 7 and 9. At pH 7, full, rapid immobilization and a high expressed enzyme activity were accomplished. At pH 9, some decrease in enzyme activity was observed. Direct covalent immobilization of the enzyme was very slow; even reducing the volume of enzyme/support ratio, the yield was not complete after 24 h. The stability of the biocatalyst using pre-activated supports was about 4–6 folds more stable than that of the enzyme immobilized via ion exchange at pH 5, with small differences among them. Thus, the immobilization of the enzyme at pH 7 at low ionic strength on pre-activated glutaraldehyde supports seems to be the most adequate in terms of activity, stability and immobilization rate.
SnSx (x = 1, 2) Nanocrystals as Effective Catalysts for Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Authors: Huang Po-Chia , Shen Yu-Min , Brahma Sanjaya , Shaikh Muhammad Omar , Huang Jow-Lay , Wang Sheng-Chang
Published: August 2017

Two-dimensional SnSx (x = 1, 2) nanocrystals are attractive catalysts for photoelectrochemical water splitting as their components are earth abundant and environmentally friendly. We have fabricated SnS thin-film photoelectrodes by spin coating mixed-phase SnS nanocrystals synthesized via a hot-injection technique on glass/Cr/Au substrates. The obtained SnS thin films can be transformed into SnS2 by introducing structural phase changes via a facile low-vacuum annealing protocol in the presence of sulfur. This sulfurization process enables the insertion of sulfur atoms between layers of SnS and results in the generation of shallow donors that alter the mechanism for water splitting. The SnS2 thin films are used as stable photocatalysts to drive the oxygen evolution reaction, and the light-current density of 0.195 mA/cm2 at 0.8 V vs. Ag/AgCl can be achieved due to the high carrier density, lower charge transfer resistance, and a suitable reaction band position. Based on a combination of UV-Vis spectroscopy (ultraviolet and visible spectroscopy), cyclic voltammetry and Mott–Schottky analysis, the band positions and band gaps of SnS and SnS2 relative to the electrolyte are determined and a detailed mechanism for water splitting is presented. Our results demonstrate the potential of layered tin sulfide compounds as promising photocatalysts for efficient and large-scale water splitting.
Time-Dependent Density-Functional Theory and Excitons in Bulk and Two-Dimensional Semiconductors
Authors: Turkowski Volodymyr , Din Naseem , Rahman Talat
Published: August 2017

In this work, we summarize the recent progress made in constructing time-dependent density-functional theory (TDDFT) exchange-correlation (XC) kernels capable to describe excitonic effects in semiconductors and apply these kernels in two important cases: a “classic” bulk semiconductor, GaAs, with weakly-bound excitons and a novel two-dimensional material, MoS2, with very strongly-bound excitonic states. Namely, after a brief review of the standard many-body semiconductor Bloch and Bethe-Salpether equation (SBE and BSE) and a combined TDDFT+BSE approaches, we proceed with details of the proposed pure TDDFT XC kernels for excitons. We analyze the reasons for successes and failures of these kernels in describing the excitons in bulk GaAs and monolayer MoS2, and conclude with a discussion of possible alternative kernels capable of accurately describing the bound electron-hole states in both bulk and two-dimensional materials.
18F-FDG PET/CT Findings in a Patient with Chikungunya Virus Infection
Authors: Rose Michala , Kjaer Anna , Markova Elena , Graff Jesper
Published: August 2017

We present a case demonstrating the diagnostic work-up and follow-up of a patient with Chikungunya infection. An 18F-FDG PET/CT performed four weeks after debut of symptoms revealed pathological 18F-FDG uptake in enlarged lymph nodes on both side of the diaphragm, and inflammation of both shoulder and hip joints. Lymphoma and infection were the main differential diagnoses. Follow-up 18F-FDG PET/CT scan in the patient performed 14 weeks after the abnormal scan, revealed almost complete resolution of the metabolically active disease. This case is to our knowledge the first to demonstrate sequential 18F-FDG PET/CT scan results in a patient with Chikungunya virus infection.
Quantal Response Statistical Equilibrium in Economic Interactions: Theory and Estimation
Authors: Scharfenaker Ellis , Foley Duncan
Published: August 2017

Social science addresses systems in which the individual actions of participants interacting in complex, non-additive ways through institutional structures determine social outcomes. In many cases, the institutions incorporate enough negative feedback to stabilize the resulting outcome as an equilibrium. We study a particular type of such equilibria, quantal response statistical equilibrium (QRSE) using the tools of constrained maximum entropy modeling developed by E. T. Jaynes. We use Adam Smith’s theory of profit rate maximization through competition of freely mobile capitals as an example. Even in many cases where key model variables are unobserved, it is possible to infer the parameters characterizing the equilibrium through Bayesian methods. We apply this method to the Smithian theory of competition using data where firms’ profit rates are observed but the entry and exit decisions that determine the distribution of profit rates is unobserved, and confirm Smith’s prediction of the emergence of an average rate of profit, along with a characterization of equilibrium statistical fluctuations of individual rates of profit.
Achievement of Fuel Savings in Wheel Loader by Applying Hydrodynamic Mechanical Power Split Transmissions
Authors: Liu Xiaojun , Sun Dongye , Qin Datong , Liu Junlong
Published: August 2017

The fuel economy of wheel loaders is deeply affected by the efficiency of their propelling transmissions, however, the torque converter (TC) in existing propelling transmissions is a low-efficiency component and leads to excessive energy consumption. Accordingly, this paper replaces the TC with a hydrodynamic mechanical power split transmission (HMPST) for improving the fuel economy of wheel loader. Based on probability similarity theory, the typical operating mode for the vehicles is constructed, which is used to evaluate the energy consumption performance of the selected solutions. The four reasonable solutions, which can be initially applied to wheel loaders, are selected from among the HMPSTs using the lever diagram. Furthermore, the comparisons on efficiency and loading characteristics between these four solutions and a prototype TC are conducted. The design optimization for all the four solutions is implemented, in order to find the optimal fuel saving solution relative to the prototype TC, and only one solution with pure power split can meet the constraints. Finally, a simulation model of the wheel loader powertrain is established for validating the effectiveness of this optimal solution. The results show that the optimized solution can effectively improve the fuel economy of wheel loaders compared to the prototype TC and provides a novel substitute for current technology.
Experimental Investigation of Debris-Induced Loading in Tsunami-Like Flood Events
Authors: Stolle Jacob , Takabatake Tomoyuki , Mikami Takahito , Shibayama Tomoya , Goseberg Nils , Nistor Ioan , Petriu Emil
Published: August 2017

Debris loads during flood events have been well-documented by forensic engineering field surveys of affected communities. Research has primarily focused on debris impact loading and less emphasis has been placed into quantifying the loads and effects associated with debris damming, which occurs when solid objects accumulate at the front of structures. The formation of the debris dam has been shown to results in increased drag forces, backwater rise, and flow accelerations which can influence the stability of the structure. This study examined the formation of a debris dam in steady-state conditions of debris common to flood-prone communities. The study determined that the hydraulic conditions, in particular flow velocity, influenced the formation of the debris dam. Additionally, the study examined the influence of the blockage ratio on the backwater rise as well as the drag coefficient.
Association between Oral Conditions and Returning Home after Discharge in Elderly Patients
Authors: Naruishi Koji
Published: August 2017

For elderly inpatients, it may be preferable to return back to their homes after discharge. Therefore, it is important to predict whether elderly patients are able to return home after discharge. Our purpose is to examine the association between geriatric factors including oral conditions and returning home after discharge in elderly patients. A total of 257 elderly patients were enrolled (returned home: N = 116; changed to hospital/nursing home: N = 141). Oral conditions were evaluated by trained dentists. Cognitive impairment was evaluated using the clinical dementia rating scale. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) to predict the destination after discharge were obtained by unconditional logistic regression analysis. Impaired tongue movement and edentulous were significant oral factors that elderly patients cannot return home (Impaired tongue movement, OR: 2.72; Edentulous, OR, 1.89), whereas presence of loss of posterior occlusion and mobile teeth were not associated statistically. Cognitive impairment, but not aftereffect of cerebrovascular disease, was a significant problem to predict the destination after discharge in elderly patients (Cognitive impairment, OR: 3.58; Cerebrovascular disease, OR: 1.27). Simple, reliable and inexpensive evaluation including oral examination may better predict whether elderly patients can return home after discharge.
Animal Dystopia in Marie Darrieussecq’s Novel Truismes
Authors: Koponen Päivi
Published: August 2017

The article focuses on the contemporary French author Marie Darrieussecq’s dystopian novel, Truismes (1996), that contemplates the differential boundaries between human and non-human existence within the scope of contemporary Western metaphysics. The novel challenges the anthropocentric conception of dystopia on the grounds that it is not only a human dystopia; the story centres on a female protagonist whose body begins to turn into a sow. In the novel’s dystopian reality, non-human nature has only capitalistic value in relation to human needs, which has caused a large-scale ecological crisis. For the heroine, the dystopian cityscape is the antagonist that she struggles against; the story represents the sow-woman looking for a better place to live. By giving a narrative voice to an animal, Darrieussecq’s novel urges the reader to identify with the non-human world. The article aims to come to an understanding of the agency beyond the human species. Further, it argues that agency constitutes an entanglement of intra-acting agencies; it is not an attribute of (human) subject or (non-human) object as they do not pre-exist as such separately. Consequently, human and non-human agencies are related to one another; humans are not only affecting the non-human world, but they affect each other in a very profound way. In this, the article contributes to the ongoing interrogation of human relations with non-human agency that is being actively conducted in contemporary Western scientific discourse. The concept of agency also allows participation in discussion about the current ecological crisis.
Does Corporate Diversity Really Matter in the Plantation Sector? Empirical Evidence from a World Islamic Leading Country and Market Reaction
Authors: Hassan Rohail , Marimuthu Maran
Published: August 2017

The paper examines demographic and cognitive diversity at top-level management and its impact on the performance of Malaysian-listed companies (Plantation and Energy Sectors). Although many organisations aspire to be socially diverse, diversity’s consequences for organisational performance remain unclear. Do profitable firms tend to enhance board diversity or other attributes of the firm that contribute towards the firm’s financial performance? This study specifies the whole distinct mechanism and measures it independently; bridging as the demographic and cognitive diversity among the board of directors (BODs) and bonding as the firm’s financial performance. To maintain the homogeneity factor, empirical analysis is confined to two fully-fledged sectors and 125 Malaysian listed firms out of 798 firms selected on the basis of judgmental sampling during the period of 2009 to 2013. The paper applies econometrics methodology on panel data analysis and the correlation matrix to justify this phenomenon. The paper attempts to fill the gap in the existing literature, discuss the empirically diverse corporate boards with the interaction approach and its impact on firm performance (a) gender diversity and foreign participation (b) gender diversity and ethnic diversity. The empirical findings suggest that both demographic and cognitive diversity are significant predictors of a firm’s financial performance. Hence, the companies specifically belonging to plantation and energy sectors are more responsible for promoting diversity among top-level management.