bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Disciplinando a vida, a começar pela escola”: a militarização das escolas públicas do estado da Bahia
Authors: Pereira Estrela Brito Eliana Povoas , Rezende Marize Pinho
Published: January 2020

Este texto objetiva compreender o acelerado crescimento dos processos de militarização das escolas públicas no estado da Bahia. Utiliza conceitos retirados do pensamento foucaultiano e de outros autores contemporâneos que teorizam as relações de poder nas sociedades atuais. Argumenta que a entrada da polícia militar nos cotidianos escolares faz circular um novo tipo de controle que se organiza em torno da gestão da vida e se exerce pelo engendramento de técnicas disciplinares aos dispositivos de segurança.
Políticas públicas, processos de planejamento e constituição dos sistemas educacionais em Brasil e Argentina: um estudo comparativo
Authors: Fernández Silvina Julia , Brignardello Ivana Dariela , Hernán Andrea Elisabet , Correa Bárbara Isabel , Andretich Gabriela
Published: January 2020

O artigo aborda os processos de planejamento educacional na constituição dos sistemas educacionais na Argentina e no Brasil através de um estudo comparativo com foco na formulação de políticas educacionais e seus modos de planejamento. Sob perspectiva qualitativa, a partir da bibliografia específica e da legislação que regula a política educacional em cada país, identificamos as características históricas e contextuais que colaboraram na definição de estilos de planejamento educacionais específicos desde os momentos de início de configuração institucional dos sistemas educacionais até 2016.
Militarização de escolas públicas no DF: a gestão democrática sob ameaça
Authors: Mendonça Erasto Fortes
Published: January 2020

O artigo aponta as circunstâncias que propiciaram a origem do processo de militarização de escolas públicas no Brasil, tomando como exemplo a experiência em curso no estado de Goiás, no sentido de compreender a iniciativa do governo eleito em 2018 de militarização de escolas públicas do Sistema de Ensino do Distrito Federal. A partir dos marcos regulatórios que sustentam a implantação de um projeto piloto a ser expandido, são apontadas fragilidades e contradições dos mecanismos utilizados para aprovação do projeto e para sua execução. São indicados alguns elementos que sugerem haver confronto das características do projeto aplicado no DF com o princípio constitucional e legal da gestão democrática do ensino público, bem como é sugerido o aprofundamento de estudos e pesquisas que permitam analisar criticamente essa nova forma de organização da gestão escolar.
Colégio da Polícia Militar Alfredo Vianna: características de uma Cultura Escolar-Militar
Authors: Santos Amilton Gonçalves dos , Vieira Josenilton Nunes
Published: January 2020

O presente artigo aborda as características da Cultura Escolar de um Colégio da Polícia Militar da Bahia, considerando a integração de elementos da Cultura Militar na realidade escolar. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa que se debruçou, através de estudo de caso, sobre o contexto educacional da instituição por meio de análise documental, observações e entrevistas com gestores, docentes e alunos. Os resultados explicitaram um aparato militar objetivando a transmissão e ensino da Cultura Militar, num processo de padronização dos indivíduos por meio de uma educação do corpo e do comportamento.
A posição de docentes da educação básica acerca da militarização de escolas públicas em Goiás
Authors: Rêses Erlando Da Silva , De Paulo Weslei Garcia
Published: January 2020

Este texto apresenta uma pesquisa num colégio estadual de Valparaíso-GO. Os colégios da polícia militar do Estado de Goiás  atendem estudantes da Educação Básica e são fruto de uma parceira entre a secretaria de educação e a secretaria de segurança pública, iniciada em 1999 na cidade de Goiânia. Outras escolas de regiões periféricas e com alto índice de criminalidade receberam a implantação da militarização. O objetivo deste artigo foi saber a posição de docentes acerca deste modelo de gestão escolar por meio de uma enquete por questionário e os resultados apresentaram a aprovação do modelo.
PIBID CAPES-MEC e PIBID UFF-COLUNI – políticas públicas, história, trajetórias e marcas
Authors: Hardoim Roberta Lopes Alfradique , Chaves Iduina Mont'alverne Braun
Published: January 2020

Este artigo apresenta o sentido da experiência do PIBID com a UFF e as  suas contribuições para os professores, para a escola e para as licenciaturas. O estudo se fundamenta na Complexidade de Morin, nos estudos sociológicos de Maffesoli, nos antropológicos de Durand e na Pesquisa Narrativa de Chaves.  As conclusões apontam para o potencial formativo do PIBID que não se restringe ao âmbito da formação inicial, alcançando também, a formação continuada, e para a contribuição de um processo de (auto/trans)formação que revitalizou e regenerou os modos de pensar, sentir e agir dos sujeitos envolvidos.
A militarização das escolas públicas sob os enfoques de três direitos: constitucional, educacional e administrativo
Authors: Ximenes Salomão Barros , Stuchi Carolina Gabas , Moreira Márcio Alan Menezes
Published: January 2020

O artigo apresenta um ensaio analítico sobre o processo de militarização das escolas públicas brasileiras, sob o enfoque dos direitos constitucional, administrativo e educacional. Parte da identificação e análise de fontes documentais nacionais e estaduais que estão na base da institucionalização dos modelos de militarização e explora, com base na Constituição e na legislação de direito público, alguns dos seus pontos jurídicos críticos. Pretende-se assim oferecer um enfoque original e contribuir com o debate sobre os inúmeros problemas jurídicos e de política educacional em discussão.
Evaluation of Fracture Resistance and Sites of Failure of Different Dowel Core Restorations: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Guragain Manjeev , Mathema Suraj , Rokaya Dinesh
Published: January 2020

Background:

Dowel Cores are often required in endodontically treated tooth to aid retention and resistance for a final prosthetic crown. Studies concerning the role of post-core systems on the fracture resistance with different dowel material remain controversial.

Aim:

This experimental study aimed to investigate the fracture resistance strength and failure mode of 3 dowel systems (glass fiber, indirect resin, and prefabricated metal with resin core).

Methods:

Twenty-one extracted human maxillary central incisors were first endodontically treated and then separated into 3 equal groups randomly;1st group consisted of glass fiber dowel, 2nd group consisted of indirect resin dowel, and 3rd group consisted of the prefabricated metal dowel. All specimens were restored with resin core and indirect resin crown. A testing force was applied with a universal testing machine (at 135 o angle) at 3 mm from the incisal edge of crown and forces were measured. Statistical tests were done using One-way ANOVA and Chi-square Test.

Results:

There was no significant difference (P-value >0.05) of the fracture resistance among glass fiber dowel, indirect resin dowel and pre-fabricated dowel with indirect resin crown. The prefabricated metal dowel had maximum fracture resistance (566 ±157.771 N) followed by Glass fiber dowel (541.047 ±199.571 N) and indirect resin dowel and post (444.550 ±139.788 N).

Conclusion:

Glass fiber dowel, indirect resin dowel and prefabricated metal dowel with resin core and indirect resin crown systems showed statistically insignificant fracture strength values and mode of failure.
Accuracy and Reliability of Space Analysis Measurements in Digital Models with Different Degrees of Crowding
Authors: Lo Giudice Antonino , Muraglie Simone , Martina Stefano , Ronsivalle Vincenzo , Leonardi Rosalia
Published: January 2020

Background:

With the introduction of digital systems in the orthodontic field, it is not still clear if such systems can accurately substitute analogical systems in the diagnosis and orthodontic treatment plane.

Objective:

The study compared the Arch Length Discrepancy (TALD) and Bolton ratio obtained from plaster dental casts (gold standard) and digital models and tested the null hypothesis that TALD and Bolton ratio measurements in digital models are affected by the degree of crowding.

Methods:

The sample included 40 dental models divided into five sub-groups, according to the American Board of Orthodontists (ABO) score of crowding. Plaster casts were scanned by a 3D laser scanner to obtain digital models. In digital and plaster models, the mesiodistal width of each tooth and arch lengths (maxillary and mandibular) were measured to calculate anterior and total Bolton ratios and TALD. Three operators performed measurements on plaster and digital models using a digital caliper and OrthoAnalyzerTM 3D software (3Shape A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark).

Results:

No statistically significant differences were obtained for intra and inter-examiner reliability (p > 0.05). When comparing plaster and digital findings, statistically significant differences were obtained for all measurements except for mandibular arch length and anterior Bolton ratio. In general, there was an overestimation of tooth size and arch length discrepancy in digital models. Moreover, the mean difference of measurements between both the methods increased in more crowded models.

Conclusions:

Crowding affects, the accuracy of Bolton ratio, and the arch length measurements. since the overestimation is relatively small, it should not be considered of clinical significance.
Effects of Cariogenic Bacteria and Sealant Evaluated by International Caries Detection Assessment System
Authors: Nomura Yoshiaki , Fujita Yuko , Ishihara Yoko , Kakuta Erika , Okada Ayako , Maki Kenshi , Hanada Nobuhiro
Published: January 2020

Aim:

Evaluation of tooth surface level effect of cariogenic bacteria and sealant.

Background:

International Caries Detection Assessment System (ICADS) is a clinical scoring system that can assess the non-cavitated early stage of dental caries by surface level. Scores used in ICDAS are ordinary and each tooth within one individual is not statistically independent.

Objective:

In this study, by applying mixed effect modeling, the effect of cariogenic bacteria and fissure sealant for tooth surface-level caries progression was analyzed.

Methods:

Ninety-eight patients who had been regularly visited the dental hospital for the regular check-ups were enrolled in this study. Among them, patients who visited at baseline, after one and two years, were included for the analysis. Fifty-two patients were dropped out. The study population consisted of 25 boys and 21girls and their mean ages were 9.3 +/- 2.1. Salivary levels of cariogenic bacteria were measured by qPCR. Mixed effect modeling with repeated measures was applied for the analysis.

Results:

Salivary levels ofS. mutansandLactobacilliwere affected by the progression of the ICDAS score. Maxillary teeth, molars and buccal and occlusal surfaces were tended to progress. Maxillary tooth, molar tooth and buccal, approximal, and occlusal surface were tended to be affected by both cariogenic bacteria.

Conclusion:

By applying mixed effect modeling, highly-detailed surface-level analysis can be available.
Mandibular Behavior after Rapid Maxillary Expansion: A Clinical Study
Authors: Haffaf Radwan A. , Hasan Abdul-kareem , Tizini Mohammad
Published: January 2020

Background:

Rapid Maxillary Expansion (RME) is a primary part of the contemporary orthodontic treatment plans. In addition to the maxilla, it is important to know its effect on the other dentofacial components. Some studies showed dentofacial changes after RME in the sagittal and vertical planes. The clinical importance of these changes is controversial.

Objective:

To investigate the mandibular changes after RME as the only treatment intervention in the sagittal and vertical planes.

Methods:

Twenty-eight growing patients aged 4-14 years were included in the current study. The bonded acrylic splint expander was used. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken at the beginning of the treatment (T1) and after a retention phase of six months (T2). The mandibular changes were assessed using vertical parameters (SN.MP, MMA, LAFH/TAFH, S.AR/AR.GO) and sagittal parameters (SNB, S.N.POG, N.A.POG). The changes between T1 and T2 were examined by paired samples T-test.

Results:

Two parameters showed a backward rotation in the vertical plane. The parameter S.AR/AR.GO showed a significant increase. The skeletal convexity increased with no clinical significance.

Conclusion:

There were statistically significant changes in the sagittal and vertical planes with no clinical importance. RME may affect the mandibular condyle position.
Comparative Bacteriological and Heavy Metal Toxicity Evaluation of Groundwater Wells Proximal to Pollution Receiving Streams in Ondo City, Nigeria
Authors: Akinnifesi Olufemi J. , Akinneye Joseph O.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Groundwater is the main and easily accessible source of water supply. Aside its over-exploitation problems, groundwater has undergone quality challenges-owing to its proximity to pollution sources.

Methods and Materials:

This study assessed the quality of hand-dug wells situated close to the pollution receiving streams in the Ondo City. Thirty water samples; from fifteen hand-dug wells and fifteen closely associated streams across the city were collected for the study. Physico-chemical, microbial and heavy metals parameters were comparatively analyzed in stream and groundwater samples to assess percolation impact on groundwater quality. Studies were carried out in wet and dry seasons.

Results:

The results obtained from the wells water show that beside temperature and PH, the mean values of other physicochemical parameters like turbidity (111.47 NTU & 68.77 NTU/), total dissolved solid (474.6 mg/l & 68.77mg/l), and electrical conductivity (822.31 µS/cm & 816.79 µS/cm) in both season respectively were above the World Health Organisation (WHO) highest desirable limits. The highest total coliform (T.col) recorded at 11,200 (cfu/100ml) and 11,300 (cfu/100ml) and Faecal coliform at 8,400 (cfu/100ml) and 12,100 (cfu/100ml) for dry and rainy seasons respectively. Highest level of aluminium, cadmium, lead, and chromium concentrations in well water at 1.632mg/l, 0.820mg/l, 0.079mg/l and 0.079mg/l recorded in the rainy season exceeded WHO’s recommendations. Pearson Correlation analysis between well and stream in the dry season shows positive correlation for all water parameters, with strong significance in PH, turbidity, faecal coliform and chromium concentration (0.544, 0.914, 0.414 &0.597) respectively. Similarly, in the rainy season, both well and stream had positive correlations for most parameter tested with significances in turbidity, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solid and cadmium concentration (0.708, 0.775, 0.766&0.655) respectively.

Conclusion:

The major outcome of this research revealed most water samples (well and stream) failed quality assessments. The positive correlations between wells and polluted stream parameters suggested that distance contributed significantly to well contaminations.
Simple Virilizing Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia: A case Report of Sudanese 46, XY DSD male with G293D variant in CYP21A2
Authors: Ellaithi Mona , de LaPiscina Idoia Martinez , de La Hoz Ana Belen , de Nanclares Gustavo Perez , Alasha Marwah Abdelrahman , Hemaida Maisa Aldai , Castano Luis
Published: January 2020

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) is a family of inherited disorders that constitute the largest group of Disorders of Sexual Development (DSDs). The classical CAH has two types; the salt-wasting (SW-CAH) and the simple virilizing (SV-CAH). This study is a report of an SV-CAH regarding 46, XY DSD Sudanese male with early signs of puberty at the age of six years.

We designed a customized panel that included 48 genes associated with Disorders of Sexual Development (DSDs) and using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) technology, detected the pathogenic G293D alteration in the CYP21A2 gene. This variant has been reported in the salt-wasting (SW) form of 46, XX CAH.
Tibiotalar Arthrodesis Using a Hybrid Technique with a New Low-profile Anatomic Plate and Two Compression Screws: First One-year Results of Twenty Patients
Authors: Eckstein Christoph , Füchtmeier Bernd , Müller Franz
Published: January 2020

Background:

The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate and analyse the first clinical results of a recently developed low-profile anatomic plate in combination with two headless compression screws for tibiotalar arthrodesis.

Methods:

The case series involved 20 consecutive patients who underwent ankle arthrodesis using a hybrid technique. Radiographs were obtained at 6 and 12 weeks and 1 year postoperatively. The outcome was evaluated by using AOFAS and SF 12-questionnaire. Any complications related to the arthrodesis were recorded.

Results:

The follow-up rate was 100%. Patients mean age at the time of surgery was 60.1 years (range, 40-79). Arthrodesis with full weight-bearing occurred in every patient within 12 weeks postoperatively. There were no patients with delayed union, non-union, infection or implant failure. AOFAS Score and SF-12 scores increased considerably compared to preoperatively.

Conclusion:

The hybrid technique for ankle arthrodesis is a tibiotalar compression with screws in combination with rigid anterior plate fixation. Our clinical results demonstrated no implant failure, no infection and fusion in any of the 20 patients. Further studies are necessary to support our first results.
The Latarjet Procedure: Effective and Safe
Authors: Dupley Leanne , Funk Lennard
Published: January 2020

Background:

The Latarjet procedure is used to treat recurrent anterior shoulder instability in patients with bony glenoid loss and/or failed previous stabilisation surgery. It has reportedly high success rates, but recent publications have reported concerns of high complication rates. This study aims to assess the complications and outcomes of the Latarjet procedure in our institution, with a minimum 2-year follow-up and compared it to the current literature.

Methods:

Patients who underwent the procedure over a 36-month period were included in this study (n=81). Seventy-three (90%) patients in our cohort competed in amateur to professional level sports. The indications for surgery were recurrent instability with associated bony glenoid deficiency and/or previous failed arthroscopic stabilisations. The Oxford Shoulder Instability, Constant Shoulder and QuickDASH scores were recorded pre- and post-operatively, along with post-operative complications and failures.

Results:

Eight (9.9%) complications were recorded: three re-dislocations, two deep infections, one haematoma, one screw breakage and one case of biceps tendinopathy. The mean pre-operative Oxford Shoulder Instability Score improved from 23.2 ± 10.1 to 37 ± 9.2 following the procedure. The mean Constant Shoulder and quickDASH scores also improved from 55.1 ± 21.2 and 30.3 ± 24.3 to 88.1 ± 9.2 and 17.7 ± 23.5 respectively. 98.6% of the patients returned to their pre-injury level of sports.

Conclusion:

From this study it can be concluded the Latarjet procedure is an effective surgical treatment for
recurrent anterior shoulder instability associated with bony glenoid loss, even in high contact professional athletes. Complication rates are lower than previous recent studies have stated.
Litigation Involving Hip and Knee Arthroplasty in the State of California
Authors: Goodman Marla J. , Sheuerman David , Goodman Stuart B.
Published: January 2020

Background:

Total hip and knee arthroplasties are generally very successful surgical procedures; however, if there is a complication or if the patient is dissatisfied with the outcome, the patient may initiate a legal suit against the surgeon.

Methods and Results:

We evaluated the reasons for instigating a legal suit after hip or knee arthroplasty surgery in the State of California between 1981 and 2018. Using a verified database and the keywords hip, knee, replacement, arthroplasty, we identified 12 legal suits filed and adjudicated on during this time period. Of the 12 cases, the major complaints were pain (seven cases), foot drop (three cases) numbness (two cases), foreign item left in the body of the patient (one case), general physical problems (one case), and wrongful death (one case). In some cases, more than one reason was listed (note: the total is greater than 12 because some cases had more than one reason listed).

Conclusion:

In reviewing these cases and the literature on this subject, we conclude that in order to avoid legal suits, doctors should be communicative, honest, and compassionate with patients, be highly competent in their specialty, and maintain meticulous medical record documentation.
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD): A Review on its Epidemiology and Risk Factors
Authors: Salimiaghdam Nasim , Riazi-Esfahani Mohammad , Fukuhara Paula S. , Schneider Kevin , Kenney M. Cristina
Published: January 2020

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a type of maculopathy that results in irreversible visual impairment among the aged population in developed countries. The early stages of AMD can be diagnosed by the presence of drusen beneath the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. The advanced stages of AMD are geographical atrophy (dry type) and neovascular AMD (wet type), which lead to progressive and severe vision loss. The advanced stage of dry AMD can be identified by extensive large drusen, detachment of the RPE layer and finally degeneration of photoreceptors leading to central vision loss. The late stage of wet AMD is diagnosed by the presence of Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV) identified by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) or retinal angiography. The principal of AMD management is to impede the progression of early AMD to advanced levels. Patients with CNV are treated with anti-VEGF (Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor) compounds to inhibit blood vessel growth and thereby reducing vision loss. Although preventive methods for dry AMD are under investigation, there are no proven effective treatments.

A variety of environmental and genetic related risk factors are associated with increased incidence and progression of AMD. The genetic factors are found in the complement, angiogenic and lipid pathways. However, environmental factors, such as smoking and nutrition, are also major risk factors. Smoking is a modifiable environmental risk factor, which greatly increases the incidence and progress of AMD compared to non-smokers. There is growing evidence for the positive influence of a healthy diet containing high levels of anti-oxidant supplements. The reduction of serum lipids is another effective strategy for prevention AMD. Although no single preventive approach has been identified, knowing the high risk factors of AMD, along with modification of lifestyle is important for this multifactorial disease, especially in populations with higher genetic susceptibility. Though recent progress in early diagnosis of the disease has facilitated early and efficient intervention, further studies are required to gain more clarification of specific pathophysiology.

In spite of decades of focused research on AMD, the pathogenesis of AMD is still not completely understood. Recently, numerous novel methods, including imaging techniques, new drug delivery routes, and therapeutic strategies, are improving the management of AMD. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge related to epidemiology and classifications of AMD.
An Interventional Study to Improve Colorectal Cancer Screening Knowledge and Health Perceptions among Jordanians' Average Risk Population
Authors: Abuadas Fuad H. , Abuadas Mohammad H.
Published: January 2020

Context:

Globally, Colorectal Cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly occurring cancer in women and the third most commonly occurring cancer in men.

Aims:

This study was conducted to investigate the current levels of Jordanians' CRC knowledge and health perceptions; and to test the effects of a health education intervention on them.

Settings and Design:

A descriptive quasi-experimental design was used to recruit a convenience sample of 197 Jordanian adult participants from two governmental hospitals in Amman.

Methods and Material:

A rolling enrolment strategy was used to randomly assign participants into intervention (n=98) and control (n=99) groups. An education intervention included a 1-hour Power Point presentation about CRC.

Results:

The mean knowledge scores were (6.51±1.60) and (6.91± 1.83) for females and males, respectively. The mean of the knowledge level in the intervention group subsequent to the intervention was significantly higher than that for the control group. More than half of the study participants (53.8%) did not believe they were susceptible to CRC, while about one third (37.4%) of the participants believed that CRC is a severe disease. 42.2% of study participants believed there were barriers preventing them from participating in CRC screening. The most frequently perceived barrier among them was the cost of screening tests. The means of the perceived susceptibility and severity subscales of the intervention group was significantly higher than that of the control group.

Conclusion:

Correcting the knowledge gap and improper health perceptions toward CRC could play an important role in facilitating early detection as a primary prevention measure. Findings may enhance health strategies to better address the needs of the average-risk population.
Technology Learning in Automobile Industry: Comparative Study between Thai and Korean Companies
Authors: Shvetsova Olga A
Published: January 2020

Background:

Currently, the issue of the company’s innovative development is relevant in all areas of activity. Automobile industry, which has one of the development vectors such as an innovative component, poses for itself the task of achieving high competitiveness through active innovative learnings and technology transfer. This direction is influenced by technological factors, which should be taken into account while developing and implementing the company's innovative technology transfer strategy.

Automobile industry in Thailand appears to be a successful story as it plays an important role in the national economy and becomes a car-manufacturing hub of Southeast Asia as called “Detroit of Southeast Asia”. Thailand is a world-class vehicle production base such as Ford, Toyota and Nissan. However, the growth of industry depends on the performance of MNCs, which remains unclear whether Thai automobile industry could sustain the same position with its own technology capability alone.

Aim:

This paper aims to develop the suggesting on the technology learning transfer of automobile industry in Thailand based on Korea’s experience. I analyze the evolution of the automobile industry of Thailand and South Korea to identify the key drivers of auto industry’s development through learning from macro level to the firm level of the two countries.

Objective:

The study aims at investigating technological factors which influence innovative learning development of transport company and evaluating their interdependence using correlation-regression analysis.

Methods:

The correlation-regression analysis and comparative approach were used to develop the model.

Results:

Two automobile corporations from Asian region were investigated. Technological factors influencing learning development of these corporations were found; significant in explaining the factors’ interdependence was discussed.

Conclusion:

Different groups of technological factors influence on innovative learning development of automobile companies in Asia. These findings can be used as information for managers to develop strategic programs to improve knowledge transferring process in Asian automobile companies.
Nurses’ Perceptions About Stock-outs of Essential Medicines at Primary Health Care Facilities in Vhembe District, South Africa
Authors: Olubumni M Ogbodu , Maria S Maputle , Jabu Mabunda
Published: January 2020

Background:

The development of generic medicines that are cost-effective and affordable aims to facilitate improved availability of essential medicines to meet the health care needs of the majority of the population. However, these essential generic medicines are not regularly available at the community health centres and clinics.

Aim:

This study aimed to determine the perceptions of professional nurses regarding the status of stock-outs of generic medicines at primary health care health facilities in a selected province of South Africa.

Materials and Methods:

The study was conducted in five primary health care facilities; three clinics and two health centres in Thulamela B municipality of Vhembe District, Limpopo Province.

A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual research design was used to obtain the perceptions of the participants. Thirteen professional nurses were purposively selected. Data were collected through face-to-face in-depth interviews until data saturation was reached. Data were analysed using Tesch’s open coding method.

Results:

Key findings showed that essential medicines were not always available, with the health centres reporting fewer stock-outs than clinics. The perceived major contributors to stock-outs were institutional inefficiency and practices by both health service providers and patients.

Conclusion and Recommendations:

The study concluded that primary health care facilities in rural communities still grapple with poor access to essential medicines due to poor availability. Therefore, the provision of sufficient funding for procurement, and training of inventory management practices were recommended. In addition, community public awareness campaigns to discourage patients’ self-medication and multiple consultations should be put in place.
Physical Activity and Non-communicable Disease Risk Factors: Knowledge and Perceptions of Youth in a Low Resourced Community in the Western Cape
Authors: Onagbiye Sunday O. , Tshwaro Rampou Mpai Tshidisegang , Barry Andrews , Marie Young
Published: January 2020

Background:

The youth's lack of knowledge and misconception on Physical Activity (PA) and Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) risk factors aid the growing burden of NCDs globally. This study explored the knowledge and perception of youth in a low-resource community in the Western Cape Province.

Methods:

A qualitative methodological approach was used for data collection, using a qualitative exploratory study design. Convenience sampling was used to select participants, aged 18-35 years old from Vrygrond in the Western Cape Province. Focused group discussions were steered by means of a semi-structured interview questionnaire to guide the discussion about perceptions and knowledge of PA and NCDs risk factors. Discussions were analysed using Atlas.Ti8.

Results:

A total of 22 female youth participated in this study. The majority of the participants were single (86.3%), unemployed (63.6%) and secondary schooling (72.7%) of the highest level of education. Results indicated that the participants had little knowledge about PA, but lacked sufficient knowledge with regards to NCDs. Time constraints, lack of interest, low self-esteem, lack of awareness, safety, and financial constraints, knowledge deficit, parental influence, peer pressure, and poverty were seen as a barrier to physical activity and NCDs risk factor.

Conclusion:

Findings from this study could formulate a policy at the provincial and national level, to provide cost-effective and sustainable educative program as an intervention which addresses youth misconception on physical activity and NCDs risks factor in the 21st century, especially among female youth residing in a low resource community in Western Cape.
Task-specific Ionic Liquids as a Green Catalysts and Solvents for Organic Synthesis
Authors: Padvi Swapnil A. , Dalal Dipak S.
Published: January 2020

Task-specific ionic liquids (TSILs) have received increased attention over the past few years as a Green Catalysts and Solvents for a large number of organic transformations. The present review article aims to provide an introduction, types of task-specific ionic liquids, preparation/synthesis, physical properties, characterization, use of TSILs as solvent and catalyst in organic synthesis.
Factors Affecting Social Sustainability of Traditional Malay Settlement
Authors: Jaffar Najiha , Harun Nor Zalina , Mansor Mazlina
Published: January 2020

Successful traditional settlements refer to a settlement environment that spontaneously built by residents who consider their existing site integrates with excellent social sustainability indicators. This study aims to determine the factors of physical character for social sustainability of a traditional settlement. Among the objectives is to identify the types of physical characteristics deemed as significant in daily social interaction among the locals. A quantitative method was employed using questionnaire survey distributed to 400 residents in two historic settlements in Kuala Terengganu. Such factors categorised into six latent factors, which are the preservation of local identity, safety, provision of infrastructure, natural qualities, accessibility, and availability of public spaces.
Kuala Lumpur Adopt-A-Park Programme
Authors: Abdullah Jamalunlaili , Ahmad Raziah , Zainal Muhammad Hafiz
Published: January 2020

The Adopt-A-Park Programme has become an innovative approach by the Kuala Lumpur City Hall (DBKL) to materialize its green initiatives. This paper aims to examine the benefits and returns of this programme at the Laman @ EcoSky and Metropolis Park. Park users' satisfaction and allocations spent by the corporate adopters are analysed descriptively. Findings suggest that while DBKL managed to save RM24 million of the maintenance cost, 94% of the adopted park users are satisfied with the quality of the park. In future, DBKL should extend their park adoption programmes to parks near B40 neighbourhoods.
The Implementation of Sustainable Energy Initiatives in Campus Buildings
Authors: Sufian Hasim Mohamad , Wan Azam Wan Farissa Haslin , Hashim Ahmad Ezanee , Muhamad Ariff Nor Rima
Published: January 2020

Sustainable energy initiatives are one of the substantial measures toward achieving environmental sustainability goals and should be adopted by facilities management practices in university. This paper examined the sustainable energy initiatives implemented at three (3) participated universities with the objectives to identify the most current effective initiatives undertaken and to propose future improvement strategies. The perception of six (6) key persons was observed via a semi-structured interview. The most implemented strategies were establishing energy awareness programs, adopting energy-efficient appliances and equipment, managing time schedules, and implementing the prepaid metering system. The study suggested that the firm commitments and participation from all parties in universities are needed towards achieving a sustainable campus.
DIGITALIZATION OF ECONOMY AND DIGITAL ENVIRONMENT OF MODERN ARCHITECTURE
Authors: Abdrassilova Gulnara , Umniakova Nina , Kakimzhanov Bekzat
Published: January 2020

The article discusses the increasingly popular in the work concept of the digital economy and its influ-ence on the development of architecture. Digital economics is the one where a kind of cyber-physical system acts as an industrial complex creating products and services that ensure the life and comfort of the population. Technological advancement makes it possible to carry out more and more not only commercial, but also other operations online (distance learning, medical consultations, online design etc.).
The authors of the article are trying to find answers to the questions: what is a digital economy, how does architecture integrate into a digital economy, what do architects need to study in order to be ready to work in a digital economy?
Computer programs are widely used not only in architectural design, but also in all related technical are-as (calculation and design of buildings and structures, engineering systems etc.). Based on the analysis of the design practice, the authors of the article divide the use of digital technologies in architecture into two groups: software products as a design tool and digital technologies as elements of the structural, technical and func-tional characteristics of buildings and structures.
All elements of virtual design are embedded in modern systems, for example, BIM – building information modeling. The article considers how in the projects of modern buildings and complexes in the digital econo-my, the elements of innovative technologies are used, such as Smart House, Smart City. It is indisputable that modern architecture as a sphere of production of the human life environment is an integral part of the digital economy and is developing its own digital environment.
The main conclusion of the authors: in order to be ready for practical activities, students-architects need to realize that modern architecture will develop in line with the digital economy. Therefore, the future archi-tect needs to master all the components of the digital environment of the architecture, both the digital design tools and the smart technology.
DESIGN OF PASSENDGER SHELDER CONSTRUCTIONS WITH NOISE-PROTECTIVE FUNCTION OF URBAN ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Asminin Viktor , Pavlova Ulyana
Published: January 2020

Negative influence for agglomeration ecological safety are modern growth of the cities, increase in population density, intensification of automobile transportations. The urban environment everything more becomes subject to the acoustic pollution of road traffic. Negative influence of this type of pollution on a hu-man body is conventional and is shown in the big range of influences. For example the Concept of complica-tion offered by A. Chic, which reflects subjective psychological feelings from the acoustic pollution of road traffic in the city and beyond its.
The existing methods of fight against auto transportation noise is ineffectively or sometimes unaccepta-bly in the developed living area. The most acoustic pollution sites in urban environment are the locations of public transport stop points. Recommendations for design of PSC taking into account their shielding effect for the purpose of decrease acoustic pollution are developed.
Possibilities of the developed computer program for design of PSC with noise-protective characteristics concerning object of a noise-protective are reflected in this work. The problem of optimization of PSC tech-nical parameters for the purpose of increase of level of security of an urban environment from the acoustic pollution of road traffic is solved. Nomograms for determination of optimum height of PSC with installation on them additional screens are developed.
THE URBAN PLANNING AS A COMPLEX ACTIVITY ORIENTED AT THE FOUNDATION OF SOCIALLY ORIENTED CITY ENVIRONMENT
Authors: Bakaeva Natalia , Chaikovskaya Liliya , Kormina Alexandra
Published: January 2020

Social characteristics of the life quality at the urban area and their relationship with the demographical situation and depopulation factors of the population of present-day Russia are considered in the article. Besides the demographical factor, the ecological component of most cities and locations predetermines at the stable march of the society and provides the security of the urban population vital activity. A new model of socially - oriented urban area is offered. The model is a biosphere compatible conception of the city-building, which was developed by Russian Academy of Architecture and construction sciences. The realization of the social oriented urban area consists in the close - knit execution of some principles, which are directed to the provision of har-monious balance between people and environment. According this position the formation of social -oriented ur-ban area has a connection with the necessity of the rethinking the traditional representation and guidelines and the formation of people’s world outlook in the context of common humanitarian sciences, which were made by the human at the stage of development. At the practice the creation of the social - oriented urban area should be started with the changing of the system of the city control. The system of the city control is the practice of the urban planning within city - planning complex, which is the uniting part of people’s vital activities. In this way there is no alternative of the transition to the symbiont type of relationship between the homuncle and natural environment - the urban planning systems and their natural environment. Such situation can be shown within the difficult and complex problem of the safety with the aim of the social - oriented urban area.
THE ROLE OF HIGHWAYS IN CREATING A BIOSPHERE-COMPATIBLE
URBAN SPACE: RUSSIAN METROPOLITAN EXPERIENCE
Authors: Pryadko Igor’
Published: January 2020

In this research project the author analyzes a most relevant problem, that is, biosphere compatibility of urban space planning in major megalopolises; this problem comprises the launch of a comfortable transport system, convenient transport routes free from any traffic jams in urban streets and highways. The author con-siders different methods for organization of convenient transport routes in Moscow. The author believes that a comfortable transport network is a main factor for sustainable development of the urban economy that may help the city to restore its main functions. The author has employed the retrospective analysis of the materials produced by the media, namely, news items published in Moscow and Moscow Metropolitan area in respect of the transport organization patterns. The author has also employed the method of historical comparisons, as well as the general scientific methods of deduction, induction, and deduction by analogy. The author collect-ed the source material by launching a questionnaire-based survey among the residents of the capital. The survey served to help the author to find out the main trends in the organization of the urban space and to identify the transport preferences of urban residents. Moscow transport development trends include broad-ened bus lanes, rent-a-bicycle stations, construction of hubs both on the outskirts of Moscow and in its cen-tre, and liquidation of traffic “bottlenecks”. Innovations include replacement of trolley bus and bus routes by electric bus routes. The retrospective analysis of e-transport networks in Europe and North America is of-fered to identify the current needs of European megalopolises. The survey findings can be invested into the organization of the Moscow transport network.
MONITORING OF RADIATION AND ENVIRONMENTAL
CHARACTERISTICS OF BUILDINGS
Authors: Sidelnikova
Published: January 2020

Human economic activity leads to a significant redistribution of natural radionuclides in the environ-ment. Radiation background in buildings is considered as one of the main types of radiation exposure on the population, since a person spends most of his time indoors. Currently, with the adoption of federal laws: “On the radiation safety of the population” No. 3-FZ 09.01.1996, “On the Sanitary and Epidemiological Welfare of the Population” No. 52-FZ 30.03.1999, and also on the “Radiation Safety Standards "(NRB-99/2009)," Basic Sanitary Rules for Ensuring Radiation Safety "(OSPORB-99/2009), approaches to the organization of radiation control in the construction industry and, consequently, to the organization of radiation safety con-trol of the population, have changed in many ways. The article deals with the problems of ensuring radiation and environmental safety in the construction of buildings.The need for research on the radiation-ecological characteristics of buildings is shown. An important problem for the construction industry is the radiation and hygienic support of technological processes and construction. In many ways, the solution of the problems related to improving of the radiation safety of building complexes depends on the implementation of legisla-tion connected with population restrictions from exposure of natural radionuclides. The results of large-scale studies of the effective specific activity of natural radionuclides in building materials and industrial waste produced and used in the Volgograd region are presented in this article. It has been established that con-struction materials produced in the Volgograd region, in accordance with national legislative and regulatory requirements, belong to class 1 and can be used for the construction of residential and public buildings. There have been presented the results of the survey on the radon content in the air of residential buildings from various building materials, as well as the density of radon fluxes from the soil. Radiation monitoring of construction sites is necessa ensure the radiation safety of the population.
THE VALUE OF ORGANOLEPTIC INDICATORS OF DRINKING WATER
THE ROSTOV REGION, AS FACTORS OF THE EPIDEMIC SAFETY
OF POPULATION HEALTH
Authors: Khetsuriani Timur , Chaplygina Elena , Zhukova Tatyana , Khetsuriani Elgudzha
Published: January 2020

The article presents an overview of the mass development of cyanobacteria (blue-green algae) in the don river of the Rostov region, which leads to the phenomenon, received in the literature the name of harmful “flowering” of water. The harmfulness of the mass development of cyanobacteria is changes in organoleptic characteristics of drinking water, which lead to the production of a large number of dangerous to human health and animal toxins, to reduce water quality, violation of the aesthetic appearance of the reservoir, the loss of useful human properties of the aquatic ecosystem and are factors of epidemic safety of public health. Experimental studies of the properties of cyanobacteria and toxins produced by blue-green algae are pre-sented. The first studies were carried out at the pilot plant on the technology of purification of flowering don water to ensure environmental safety of drinking water and public health.
THE PROBLEM OF ECOLOGICAL RISK ZONES IN THE COASTAL AREAS
OF THE CRIMEA
Authors: Vetrova Natalya , Ivanenko Tatyana , Gaisarova Anastasiya , Mennanov Emran
Published: January 2020

Ensuring environmentally safe conditions for the use and development of coastal areas, which usually have a high level of urbanization, is an important engineering and socio-economic task, since it requires tak-ing into account environmental factors of natural and man-made environments when optimizing planning solutions for development and organization of activities. The work is devoted to the study and identification of areas of environmental risk in the current resort and recreational, residential and industrial areas, com-plex environmental conditions and prospects for the development of coastal areas of the Crimea (for exam-ple, recreational complexes of the southern coast of Crimea). When conducting research of problem areas, the structure of the drainage system, with an emphasis on stormwater, areas of municipal solid waste (MSW) and the impact of highways, has been studied in detail. Conducted researches allowed to establish for all in-vestigated water objects changes of water quality due to the flow of non-canalized domestic sewage, the storm sewers, sewage waters of individual small private enterprises, the unorganized surface drain during rains, a high recreational load on separate beaches. The highest level of pollution, including microbiological, coastal marine waters are observed when they are to several sources of pollution at the same time. Considered possi-ble measures to reduce or overcome negative processes in the environment. In order to improve the ecologi-cal condition and recreational value of coastal beaches, it is necessary to redistribute the flow of residents throughout the coastal zone, to solve the problems of water supply, sanitation of territories for the placement of solid waste and other waste, and to take preventive and technical measures for the protection of coastal recreational zones. The research results can be used in the development of projects for the reconstruction of the territory of coastal settlements of the southern coast of Crimea while ensuring environmental safety.