bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
О сравнении решений в задачах верификации
Authors: Алексеев Алексей Kириллович , Alekseev Aleksei Kirillovich , Бондарев Александр Евгеньевич , Bondarev Aleksandr Evgen'evich
Published: May 2020

Применительно к задачам верификации расчетов и программного обеспечения рассмотрено влияние выбора меры близости численного и эталонного решений. Для случая отсутствия эталонного решения рассмотрены детерминированный и стохастический варианты оценки погрешности расчета с использованием ансамбля решений, полученных различными численными алгоритмами. С помощью неравенства Коши-Буняковского-Шварца рассмотрена связь нормы погрешности расчета и погрешности ценных функционалов. Для двумерных уравнений Эйлера представлены результаты численных экспериментов, демонстрирующие влияние выбора меры близости на оценку погрешности аппроксимации на ансамбле решений и показывающие работоспособность рассмотренных алгоритмов. Новым в работе является сравнение различных мер близости (норм и метрик) как для оценки погрешности расчета, так и для сравнения полей течений, соответствующих как малым изменениям структуры течения, так и существенно различным течениям. Также новым является использование погрешностей ценных функционалов для придания оценкам погрешностей расчета практического смысла. Возможность вычислительно экономной (односеточной, в отличие от метода Ричардсона) количественной верификации расчетов, показанная и проанализированная в работе, представляется полезной при реализации стандартов РФ по верификации численных решений и программ вычислительной газовой динамики.
Tipologi Penyediaan Infrastruktur Perumahan di Kawasan Peri-urban Utara-Selatan Metropolitan Bandung Raya
Authors: Vitriana Anita
Published: May 2020

Bandung Municipality has been experiencing in expanding its region to become greater area as Bandung Metropolitan Area (BMA).  With a very wide scope of territory, cross border-administrative, and the number of developers involved, it has led to different character of infrastructure provision, particularly between the residential in the northern and southern part of the peri-urban BMA. This study aims to identify the issues of infrastructure provision in both areas through a micro-empirical study. The character identification is in terms of availability and accessibility according to the SNI 03-1733-2004 on Procedures for Housing Environmental Planning in Urban. The typology of peri-urban areas is represented by two villages in the northern and southern of BMA. Data source is obtained by the primary and secondary method. The analysis uses the simple qualitative method and the content analysis approach. The results show that the northern housing typology is superior in terms of providing clean water infrastructure and the standard electricity capacity, but it has lack provision of commercial and trade facilities. While the southern housing typology is on the contrary. It excels in the provision of commercial and trade facilities, but it has inadequate provision of clean water and the electricity capacity.
Peningkatan Kenyamanan Termal dan Pencahayaan Alam Gedung Sekolah Dasar di Kawasan Padat Hunian di Surabaya
Authors: Dinapradipta Asri
Published: May 2020

A humid tropical climate characterized by high temperatures, relative humidity and solar radiation results in uncomfortable environmental conditions. Discomfort will be worse if the building is in a dense urban area. Densely building masses often weaken the local wind speed which is necessary for evaporative cooling process in tropical climate. In addition, the narrow distance between buildings can reduce access to daylight. Both of these environmental problems were experienced by SDIT Al Uswah Surabaya, which building is located in a densely populated neighbourhood. Along with the development program of educational facilities and infrastructure at the school, improving environmental conditions with passive concept is maintained and prioritized. Embodiment of the environment with the Selective Environment approach is used in this activity. The results of this activity will be in the form of design proposals for improving ventilation and lighting in classrooms. The limitation of expanding openings becomes an obstacle in fulfilling the natural ventilation and lighting requirements. In addition, the design of a three-storey building with a single loaded corridor requires special consideration for the design of sun shading that is safe for elementary school-age children, but still supports passive lighting and ventilation.
Extra-articular Tenodesis Using Autogenous Iliotibial Band for Symptomatic Congenital Absence of Anterior Cruciate Ligament
Authors: Patwardhan Sandeep , Sodhai Vivek , Sancheti Parag , Shyam Ashok
Published: May 2020

Case:

We report 2 cases of congenital absence of anterior cruciate ligament with symptomatic knee instability in young children. This report describes the surgical technique and outcomes of extra-articular tenodesis using autogenous iliotibial band (ITB) without drilling across the open physis. Excellent results were observed at a short-term follow-up.

Conclusion:

Severe symptoms of knee instability even in young children may warrant surgical approach. Extra-articular tenodesis using autogenous ITB in young children is a good option with positive improvements in knee stability and symptomatic relief.
Pengaruh Special Event Pembukaan ASIAN GAMES ke-18 Tahun 2018 terhadap Reputasi Ketua Panitia INASGOC
Authors: Harwinda Alfilonia , Ikhsano Andre
Published: May 2020

Penelitian ini penting karena dilihat dari kesuksesan pembukaan acara Asian Games ke-18 tahun 2018 yang megah dan spektakuler berkaitan dengan reputasi ketua panitia INASGOC. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menganalisa adakah pengaruh dan seberapa besar pengaruh special event pembukaan Asian Games ke 18 tahun 2018 terhadap reputasi ketua panitia INASGOC dari sudut pandang teori harapan melalui special event, dan reputasi. Dalam penelitian ini ada 2 variabel yaitu variabel X (special event) menggunakan 8 dimensi terdiri dari uniqueness, perishability, intangibility, ritual or ceremony, ambience and service, personal contact and interaction, labour intensive, dan fixed timescale sedangkan variabel Y (reputasi) menggunakan 4 dimensi terdiri dari kredibilitas, terpercaya, keterandalan dan tanggung jawab sosial. Penelitian ini melalui metode penelitian kuantitatif dengan menguji regresi linear sederhana, koefisien persamaan regresi, uji anova, analisis korelasi, dan uji normalitas. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah 100 orang responden yang menonton langsung pembukaan Asian Games ke-18 tahun 2018 di Gelora Bung Karno Jakarta. Penelitian ini mendapatkan hasil dari Pearson Correlation Product Moments menunjukkan sebesar 0,628 bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif dan kuat yang signifikan antara special event pembukan Asian Games ke-18 tahun 2018 terhadap reputasi ketua panitia INASGOC.  Penelitian ini juga terdapat besar pengaruh special event pembukaan Asian Games ke-18 tahun 2018 terhadap reputasi ketua panitia INASGOC adalah 39,4%.
Treatment of fresh thoracolumbar vertebral burst fracture based on intraoperative CT scan
Authors: li yuwei , cui wei , Zhou Peng , Li Cheng , Xiao Wei , Wen Yan
Published: May 2020

ObjectiveTo evaluate the value of intraoperative CT scanning in the treatment of fresh thoracolumbar burst fractures .MethodThe data of patients with thoracolumbar fractures from January 2008 to January 2015 were analyzed retrospectively,79 cases were treatment group which were treated with intraoperative CT scan and decompression mode was determined according to CT scan results during the period from October 2012 to January 2015; 82 patients as the observation group were treated without intraoperative CT scan and direct laminectomy were performed during the period from January 2008 to October 2012. In the treatment group, it is no further decompression of the spinal canal when the CT showed a reduction of the fracture block into the spinal canal, If the intraoperative CT showed that the fractures still occupied the spinal dura mater according to the three-dimensional CT information, The position and the size of the fracture of the spinal canal were determined, and the unilateral laminectomy was performed corresponding to the position of the lamina and intervertebral ligamentum flavum. The operative time, bleeding volume, neurological function, height of the anterior vertebral compression and Cobb angle were compared between the two groups.ResultIn the treatment group, CT scan showed 48 cases (60.8%) entered the spinal canal fracture completely or basically reset .31 cases (39.2%) still occupied the spinal canal compression spinal dura mater. There were significant differences in the operation time and bleeding volume between the two groups. The treatment group was less than the control group. There was no infection, secondary spinal cord injury, loose fixation and other complications. There was no difference in the ASIA classification before and after operation. The anterior vertebral height and COBB angle of the two groups were significantly improved compared with those before operation. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the postoperative height and COBB angle, but after 2 years the difference was statistically significant between the two groups, to retain the rear ligament complex treatment group was significantly better than the control group.ConclusionPatients of thoracolumbar vertebral fracture in hyperextension position combined with internal fixation can achieve good correction effect. Orthopedic postoperative CT scan and according to the results of the scan precision treatment can simplify the operation, there was no difference in clinical efficacy compared with total laminectomy, but some patients avoid the spinal canal decompression and part were treated by small fenestration laminectomy decompression, which is conducive to the protection of spinouts ligament complex integrity.
Integrated transcriptomic and proteomic analysis reveal new insights into stone cell formation in Korla pear
Authors: Mamat Aisajan , Zhang Xiaoli , Xu Juan , Yan Peng , Mei Chuang , Wang Jixun
Published: May 2020

Background Korla fragrant pear(P•sinkiangensis Yü)is a famous local variety of Xinjiang China. One difficulty is the high stone cell content of these pears, which causes the formation of rough skins on the fruit. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms of stone cell formation, parallel analyses of the transcriptome and proteome was performed to identify important regulators and pathways involved in stone cell formation.Results Fruit samples were collected at three important time points depending on the stages of stone cell formation (20, 50 and 80 days after flowering). A total of 24268 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 1011 differentially accumulated proteins (DAPs) were identified from all the time points. Function analysis of the differential genes/proteins revealed that a set of candidates was associated with stone cell formation. These candidates mainly enriched in pathways involved in lignin biosynthesis, cellulose and xylan biosynthesis, S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) metabolic process, Reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and cell death. We mined a total of 253 DEGs, and 100 DAPs, 63 of which were significantly changed at both the transcript and protein levels during fruit development.Conclusions Our findings reveal that some intriguing genes/proteins were previously unrecognized related with the sclereid formation, which provided new insights into molecular processes regulating sclereid accumulation in pear pulp.
The effects of ellagic acid on testicular tissue changes, sexual hormones, antioxidant system and Gene Expression of Caspase-9 and Bcl-2 in the relative sterility rat model following administration of busulfan: A stereological study
Authors: Vakili Sina , koohpeyma farhad , Saki Forough , Mahmoodi Marzieh , Jaberi Khojaste Rahimi , Movahedpour Ahmad , Jamalnia Neda , khorchani Majid jafari , Noroozi Saam
Published: May 2020

Background Busulfan is an antineoplastic medication that is broadly utilized for cancer treatment. On the other hand, prescription of busulfan may cause sterility in male patients. Therefore, the decrease of this side effect is important. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ellagic acid on testicular tissue changes, sexual hormones, antioxidant defense system, and caspase-9 and Bcl2 gene expression in the relative sterility rat model following administration of busulfan.Methods Rats were randomly assigned to five groups of 13 animals per group. Sterility was induced by a single injection of busulfan (10 mg/kg) in groups 3, 4 and 5. The control group was not treated. The healthy group received 50 mg/kg ellagic acid. Groups 4 and 5 (treatment group) received 10 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg ellagic acid, respectively for 48 days. Then, the serum levels of antioxidant enzymes, Malondialdehyde, sexual hormones and the testicular damage were evaluated.Results The significant increment of total antioxidant capacity and catalase was seen in both treatment groups (p < 0.001). Also, both treatment groups significantly increased spermatogonia, round spermatids and long spermatids. Treatment with 50 mg/kg ellagic acid significantly increased the testis weight, testis volume, seminiferous tubule volume, germinal epithelium volume, interstitial tissue volume, spermatocyte, Sertoli cells, and Leydig cells in the busulfan group(P < 0.05). Additionally, 50 mg/kg ellagic acid significantly increased the gene expression of Bcl2 and decreased caspase 9 in the busulfan group (P < 0.05).Conclusions The consumption of ellagic acid may have beneficial effects on antioxidant defense system, sexual hormones abnormality and testicular tissue damage.
Dexmedetomidine attenuates oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion-induced inflammation through the miR-17-5p/TLR4/NF-κB axis
Authors: Suo Liangyuan , Wang Mingyu
Published: May 2020

Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX) is a selective agonist of α2-adrenergic receptors with anesthetic activity and neuroprotective benefits. However, its mechanism of action at the molecular level remains poorly defined. In this study, we investigated the protective effects of Dex on OGD/R-induced neuronal apoptosis in PC12 cells, and evaluated its underlying mechanism(s) of neuroprotection and anti-inflammation.Methods An OGD/R model of PC12 cells was established. PC12 cells were cultured in vitro and divided into control, OGD/R, and OGD/R + Dex (1, 10, 50 µM) groups. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry and gene expression profiles were determined by qRT-PCR, western blot analysis, and enzyme linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). The interaction between miRNA and its downstream targets were evaluated through luciferase reporter assays.Results Dex significantly decreased the rates of apoptosis rates and inhibited IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α release (p < 0.05). The expression of the pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Caspase-3 were down-regulated, whilst Bcl-2 was upregulated in a dose-dependent manner (p < 0.05). MiR-17-5p was down-regulated in the OGD/R group compared to controls. Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), a key regulator of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) signaling, was identified as a novel target of miR-17-5p in PC12 cells. The expression of miR-17-5p was upregulated in the OGD/R + Dex group which suppressed TLR4 expression and reduced the secretion of proinflammatory cytokines.Conclusion DEX inhibits OGD/R-induced inflammation and apoptosis in PC12 cells by increasing miR-17-5p expression, downregulating TLR4, and inhibiting NF-κB signaling.
Introducing a clerkship curriculum based on entrustable professional activities: a pilot study
Authors: Pinilla Severin , Cantisani Andrea , Klöppel Stefan , Strik Werner , Nissen Christoph , Huwendiek Sören
Published: May 2020

BackgroundGeneral clerkship quality criteria have not been studied after introducing a curriculum based on entrustable professional activities (EPAs). Therefore, we conducted a pilot study to explore educational outcomes of an EPA-based clerkship curriculum reform.MethodsWe collected multiple self-assessment and evaluation data on levels 1-3 of the New World Kirkpatrick model (KPM). For level 1 (reaction) we analyzed curriculum evaluations and verbal and written students’ feedback. For level 2 (learning) pre- and post-clerkship self-assessments of perceived need for supervision for each EPA and students’ written learning reflections based on patient mix exposure were analyzed. For level 3 (behavior) we evaluated workplace-based assessments.ResultsThe first student cohort in the new EPA-based clerkship completed 180 self-assessments (18 per student) of need for supervision and 63 documented workplace-based assessments (average of 6.3 per student in four weeks). On KPM level 1 we saw a high overall satisfaction with the clerkship (average of 4.9, range: 4.0-5.0 on a 5-point Likert scale). In written evaluations and feedback rounds students pointed out the importance of structured bedside teaching in the first clerkship week. On KPM level 2 the overall decrease of self-assessed need for supervision before and after the clerkship was two supervision levels (from direct to indirect supervision) and statistically significant (p < 0.05). For three EPAs students reached indirect supervision levels. Learning reflections and patient mix analysis indicated that students were exposed to a wide range of diagnostic categories (ICD-10: F0 – F6) and received actionable feedback for communication skills. On KPM level 3 clinical supervisors predominantly used EPAs 1 (History taking), 2 (Assessing mental status) and 8 (Documentation and presentation) for workplace-based assessments. We saw a decreasing need for supervision from the first to the last week in the clerkship according to the supervisors’ judgements.ConclusionStudents reacted positively to introducing an EPA-based clerkship curriculum. The EPA-oriented formative self-assessments and workplace-based assessments seemed to support achievement of competency-based learning goals. However, more in-depth understanding of the entrustment process in the clerkship context is necessary to fully leverage the potential of an EPA-based clerkship.
Conversion Among Photo-Oxidative Products of Polypropylene in Solid, Liquid and Gaseous States
Authors: Liu Xuan , Yang Rui
Published: May 2020

During aging of polymers, oxidized species on macromolecular chains in solid state, volatile degradation products in liquid state and gaseous degradation products in gaseous state are often investigated separately. The conversion among these products is not especially concerned and biased results may be obtained based on the products in a single state. In this paper, photo-oxidative products of commercial polypropylene (PP) and unstabilized PP in solid, liquid and gaseous states were investigated by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), pyrolysis-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and gas chromatography (GC). By comparing the formation profiles, conversion among the photo-oxidative products in three states was traced. During photo-oxidative aging, the main chains of PP were first oxidized to form carbonyl species in solid state, or fractured to form volatile alkenes as liquid. With the proceeding of aging, the oxidized main chains fractured to form small molecules, resulting in the conversion of oxidized species from solid state to liquid and gaseous states. When the aging degree was extremely high, the accumulation of liquid oxidized products was limited due to migration and condensation. Therefore, both the carbonyl index (CI) and the concentrations of volatile oxidized products were increased first and then decreased, while the concentrations of gaseous products kept increasing all along.
Self-reported history and saliva analyses of recreational drug use among students in a public university in Mombasa, Kenya
Authors: Budambula Valentine , Jelagat Joan , Budambula Nancy L.M. , Ngari Moses M
Published: May 2020

Background: Recreational drug use among students in tertiary institutions remains a public health concern. Despite documentation of drug use in Kenyan universities, most of the studies are based on self reported history which is prone to social desirability bias. It is in this context that we sought to establish actual drug use among university students. Methods: We investigated self reported and confirmed drug use. Using proportionate to size and snowball sampling methods 380 respondents were enrolled. Social demographic characteristics and self reported drug use history were documented using a participant assisted questionnaire. Actual drug use was determined qualitatively using 6 panel plus alcohol SalivaConfirm™ Saliva Test kit. Results: Most (75%) of the participants were sexually active. Based on self reported history, 221 (58%) students reported a life time ever use of drugs while based on saliva testing (193) 51%) tested positive for at least one drug. Alcohol, tobacco products (cotinine), marijuana and amphetamine or khat were the most preferred drugs. The usage was either solely, concurrently or simultaneously. In the multivariate regression model, compared to students with no sexual partner having multiple sexual partners was associated with risk of testing positive for any drug: adjusted risk ratio (aRR) of 2.06 (95% CI 1.26, 3.37). Compared to residence within the university hostel and its environs, residing in town was associated with risk of testing positive for any drug: aRR 1.67 (95%CI 1.16, 2.42). Having one and multiple sexual partners were associated with risk of self-reported drug use: aRR of 1.55 (95% CI 1.05, 2.28) and 2.05 (95% CI 1.28, 3.27) respectively. While compared to residence in university hostel and its environs, residing in town was associated with risk of self-reported drug use: aRR 1.48 (95%CI 1.05, 2.08). Conclusion : Irrespective of the method used to record data alcohol, tobacco products (cotinine), marijuana and amphetamine or khat were the most preferred drugs. The usage was solely, concurrently or simultaneously. Future interventions should focus on continuing students, students’ residence and those who are sexually active. Key words : Self reported drug use; saliva analysis; poly-drug use; and university students
Comparative transcriptome analysis between high- and low-growth genotypes of Eucalyptus in response to nutrient stress
Authors: Yang Xiaohui , Zhang Fangqiu , Zhang Weihua , Yang Huixiao , Liao Huanqin , Xu Fang , Zhu Baozhu , Xu Bin , Wang Yuxia , Chen Xinyu , Pan Wen
Published: May 2020

Background: The role of macro and micro nutrients have been reported in various plant. However, in perennial trees, the function of multiple elements to different genotypes remain to be elucidated. This study aimed at deciphering the genetic architecture of physiological differences under different nutrient levels between the high- and low-growth genotypes. Results: Our results showed that growth traits of both genotypes at nutrient starvation treatment was much lower than that at nutrient abundant treatment, indicating that nutrient is essential for plant growth. However, tree height, crown width, and fresh weight of different tissues of ZQUA44 were much higher than that of ZQUB15 at the three nutrient levels, implicating the genetic basis of different trees is another factor that varied the phenotypic performance. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were clustered into 6 subclusters depending on different expression pattern. Functional annotation of DEGs from different subclusters showed that DEGs involved in glutathione metabolism, flavonoid biosynthesis and stilbenoid, diarylheptanoid and gingerol biosynthesis may responsible for nutrient starvation across different genotypes, while DEGs involved in carotenoid biosynthesis and starch and sucrose metabolism may have diverse function in different genotypes. The DEGs encoding MYB_related may responsible for nutrient deficiency of all the genotypes, while B3 may play different functions in different genotypes. Conclusion: Our results demonstrate that different genotypes may form different metabolic pathways to coordinate plant keeping survival when they face abiotic stresses. Furthermore, we elucidate DEGs that may widely responsible for nutrient deficiency in different treatments and DEGs that play different functions in different genotypes. Finally, our funding provide adequate nutrient supply for Eucalyptus.
CNS and systemic inflammation underlying neuropsychiatric symptoms and related cognitive decline in older people.
Authors: Clark Christopher , Richiardi Jonas , Maréchal Bénédicte , Bowman Gene L. , Dayon Loïc , Popp Julius
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation may contribute to psychiatric symptoms in older people, in particular in the context of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, our objective was to determine systemic and central nervous system (CNS) inflammatory signatures associated with neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) in older subjects, and investigate their relationships with AD pathology and cognitive decline.METHODS We quantified a panel of inflammatory markers in both cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and circulating blood serum in elderly subjects with normal cognition or with beginning cognitive decline. We further performed a comprehensive clinical assessment including longitudinal cognitive and neuropsychiatric evaluations and measured CSF biomarkers of core AD pathology. Multivariate analysis selected CSF and serum neuroinflammatory molecules associated with the presence of overall NPS and specific symptoms.RESULTS The presence of NPS was associated with distinct inflammatory markers profiles involving soluble intracellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), C-reactive protein (CRP), Interleukin (IL) -8 and 10 kDa interferon-γ-induced protein (IP-10) in CSF; and Eotaxin-3, IL-6 and CRP in serum. Further analysis identified specific inflammatory marker signatures associated with anxiety, depression and disinhibition. Presenting NPS was associated with subsequent cognitive decline and this association was mediated by CSF sICAM-1.CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that NPS in older people are associated with distinct systemic and CNS inflammatory processes. Neuroinflammation may explain the link between NPS and more rapid clinical disease progression.
Evaluation of Field Epidemiology Training Programs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region: A Multi-country Study
Authors: Nsour Mohannad Al , Khader Yousef , Bashier Haitham , Alsoukhni Majd
Published: May 2020

Background: Field Epidemiology Training Programs (FETPs) are competency-based training programs aiming to strengthen epidemiologic capacity of public health workforce. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the FETPs in the Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR) and ascertain whether the expected objectives of the programs are metMethods: A descriptive study was conducted based on the Kirkpatrick’s model for evaluating training programs. Data were collected from FETP graduates and FETP technical advisers using online surveys through separate questionnaires. Questions were designed to assess the practices of FETP graduates, their engagement in key areas of field epidemiology, and their perceived skills and capacity to perform such activities.Results: A total of 166 FETP graduates responded to the online survey. Almost two thirds of FETP graduates reported that they are often engaged in managing public health surveillance system (n=119, 71.7%), analyzing the surveillance data (n=116, 69.9%), training public health professionals (n=113, 68.1%), outbreaks investigations and response (n=109, 65.7%), and managing staff and resources (n=106, 63.9%). However, only 28.3% reported that they are often engaged in writing scientific research articles. More than two thirds of graduates reported that the FETP helped them to perform most of the field epidemiology activities and rated their skills as good. However, smaller percentages of the graduates reported that their skills are good in applying simple tools for economic analysis (65, 39.2%) and writing scientific research articles (67, 40.4%).Conclusion: FETPs in the EMR have strengthened the epidemiologic capacity of public health workforce and increased the engagement of FETP graduates in public health services and field epidemiology activities. Therefore, the FETPs should continue supporting the graduates to work toward strengthening surveillance systems and outbreak investigation and to participate in regional and global efforts as part of Global Health Security. Establishment of new FETPs in other countries of the region should be supported to improve public health in all countries of the region.
Prevalence of Hookah smoking and associated factors among male high school students in Iraq.
Authors: Al-Delaimy Ahmed K. , Al-Ani Waleed AT
Published: May 2020

Background The use of the hookah-smoking device is increasing at a large scale in the Eastern Mediterranean region and reaching to Western countries. Hookah smoke users are exposed to a lot of chemical compounds and several chronic diseases. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of hookah use among male high school students and to study different associated factors linked with hookah smoking and provide tobacco control officials an understanding of this public health problem.Methods A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among students in three high schools in Al-Karkh District, Baghdad. The study period was from Oct. 2017 till Jan. 2019 and included 847 male students aged 15–18 years old. A convenient non-probability sampling within one of the two districts in Baghdad was selected to be place of study. Descriptive, chi-square test of significance, bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis of data was carried out for identifying risk factors associated with hookah smoking among high school adolescence.Results The overall prevalence of hookah smoking among high school male students was high (46.1%). More than two-thirds (70.6%) of them think that hookah smoking is acceptable socially more than cigarette smoking. Hearing first about it from friends, the media and presence of a café for hookah near residence were found to be significantly associated (p > 0.05) with hookah smoking among students. Similarly, having friends surrounding students who used hookah were found to be significantly associated with hookah smoking among students. Among hookah smokers, they were less likely to say it is forbidden in Islam and more likely to say it is allowed in Islam than non-hookah users.Conclusions Hookah smoking is high among high school students and becoming a socially acceptable behavior. Social and religious factors play a role in that. Family members, relatives and peers have an important role in prevention of hookah smoking among these students. Teenage students need to be educated about hookah effects on their health.
Body mass index and its dose-response relationship with the incidence and risk of tuberculosis, a population-based cohort study
Authors: Chen Jinou , Zha Shun , Hou Jinglong , Lu Kunyun , Qiu Yubing , Yang Rui , Li Ling , Yang Yunbin , Xu Lin
Published: May 2020

Background

Many pieces of evidence presented the body mass index (BMI) was inversely associated with tuberculosis (TB). BMI was radically changed during the past decades in China. The aim of the study was to evaluate the contemporary relationship between BMI and tuberculosis incident.
Methods

A population-based prospective cohort included 26 022 community participants was conducted. Three rounds of tuberculosis screening were implemented between June 2013 and December 2015. The main exposure was defined as baseline BMI, and was categorized into 3 levels: underweight (< 18.5 kg/m2), normal (18.5 to 24.0 kg/m2), overweight or obese (≥ 24.0 kg/m2). The active tuberculosis incident in the second or third round screening was the study outcome. The dose-response relationship between BMI and tuberculosis incidence as well as tuberculosis risk were analyzed.
Results

During the followed up of 2.25 years, 43 cases developed tuberculosis in 44 574.4 person-years. The log-linear dose-response relationship between BMI and tuberculosis incidence was fitted (adjusted R2 = 0.95). In multivariable Cox proportional regression, overweight and obese was associated with a lower risk of incident tuberculosis compared with normal weight (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 0.34; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.14–0.82, p < 0.01), the inverse dose-response association between BMI and tuberculosis risk was characterized by restricted cubic spline. In subgroups analysis, the risk of tuberculosis reduced 78% in overweight or obese (aHR, 0.22; 95% CI 0.05–0.97, p = 0.05) and 64% (aHR, 0.36; 95% CI 0.12-1.00, p = 0.05) compared with normal weight among female and elderly.
Conclusion

Our study revealed that high BMI was a protective factor in tuberculosis development. Precise dose-response relationship between BMI and the incident tuberculosis, as well as the risk of tuberculosis progression in contemporary Chinese adulthood, will benefit to disease control policy.
Is postoperative chemotherapy necessary for resected esophageal carcinoma after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy? A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Cheng Liang , Gao Wei , Yang Hao , Zhou Yu , Zhao Yongsheng , Fu Maoyong
Published: May 2020

Background Both neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and postoperative chemotherapy (PT) are crucial treatments for esophageal carcinoma (EC). However, it is not clear whether PT is required for EC treatment after NCRT. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed at clarifying the necessity of PT for resected EC after NCRT.Methods We searched PubMed, Embase, and The Cochrane Library databases for relevant studies published up to March 2020, that have compared PT and non-PT for resected EC after NCRT (NCRT + PT vs. NCRT). The primary outcome of this study was overall survival (OS). Hazard risk ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were employed to explore heterogeneity, and the random effect model was used to merge the meta-analysis data, regardless of whether the heterogeneity was large or small.Results This study included seven retrospective cohorts, with more than 10720 patients. Most of the patients had esophageal adenocarcinomas. The Meta-analysis showed that NCRT followed by PT increased the patient OS (HR = 0.79, 95% CI 0.74–0.85, P < 0.001). However, further subgroup analysis showed that NCRT + PT might not improve the OS of resected EC patients with a negative lymph node status (HR = 0.82, 95% CI 0.67–1.01, P = 0.124). Further, we showed that NCRT with PT improved the survival of EC patients with a positive lymph node status who underwent resection (HR = 0.78, 95% CI 0.70–0.86, P < 0.001).Conclusion PT may improve the survival of lymph node-positive EC patients previously treated by NCRT. This conclusion may be more applicable to EAC patients treated with NCRT at the ypN + stage.
The Differentiation of Stem/Progenitor Cells Derived from the Cochlear Sensory Epithelium into Hair Cells Requires a Specific Spatial Supporting Structure of p27kip1-Positive Cells
Authors: Wang Xianren , Zhang Xuemei , Jiang Di , Liu Danqing , Jiang Hongyan
Published: May 2020

Background: Cochlear sensory epithelium-derived progenitor cells initially give rise to compact solid/round spheres. These compact solid/round spheres then gradually convert into irregular and partially hollow spheres, which then ultimately transform into large hollow spheres. The purpose of this study was to observe the differentiation of cochlear sensory epithelium-derived progenitor cells into spheres, and determine factors necessary for their development into hair cells.Methods: Cochlear epithelial sheets from postnatal day 1 C57BL/6 mice were dissociated and sphere cells were cultured. The morphological changes of the spheres were observed, and the different types of sphere cells were examined for their ability to differentiate into hair cell-like cells.Results: Solid spheres formed first, and then gradually transformed into hollow spheres over approximately 260 hours. Adherent culture and Transwell culture assays, and immunohistochemistry staining revealed that neither solid nor hollow sphere cells alone could differentiate into mature hair cells. Solid sphere cells, however, were able to differentiate into mature hair cells when co-cultured with p27kip1-positive hollow sphere cells. Direct contact of the cells was necessary for the differentiation of the solid sphere cells into mature hair cell-like cells.Conclusions: Cochlear sensory epithelium-derived progenitor cells require specific conditions to differentiate into mature hair cells.
Exploring quality of life in individuals with a severe genetic condition, CDKL5 Deficiency Disorder.
Authors: Leonard Helen , Junaid Mohammed , Wong Kingsley , Demarest Scott , Downs Jenny
Published: May 2020

The authors have removed this preprint from Research Square.
Aberrant Within- and Between-Network Connectivity in Chemotherapy Treated Breast Cancer Patients: A Longitudinal Resting State Functional MRI Study
Authors: Feng Yun , Wang Yun Fei , Zheng Li Juan , Shi Zhao , Huang Wei , Zhang Long Jiang
Published: May 2020

Background

Previous studies have found abnormal structural and functional brain alterations in breast cancer survivors undergoing chemotherapy. However, the network-level brain changes following chemotherapy remains unknown. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dynamic changes of large-scale intra- and inter- network functional connectivity in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer patients.

Methods

Eighteen breast cancer patients were evaluated with resting state functional MRI (rs-fMRI), neuropsychological tests and blood examination before postoperative chemotherapy (t0), one week after completing chemotherapy (t1) and six months after completing chemotherapy (t2). Nineteen age- and education level-matched healthy controls (HC) were also recruited. Independent component analysis (ICA) was performed to assess network component using rs-fMRI data. The functional network changes were then correlated with cognitive assessment scores and blood biochemical indexes.

Results

One-way repeated measures ANOVA revealed significantly changed within-network functional connectivity, which mainly located in the default mode network (DMN), frontoparietal network, visual network and self-referential network. Post-hoc test showed that most within-network functional connectivity decreased one week after chemotherapy and increased six months after chemotherapy. As for the between-network functional connectivity, the posterior DMN-SMN connectivity showed the same tendency. These within- and between-network functional connectivity changes were associated with blood biochemical indexes and cognitive assessment scores.

Conclusions

These results indicated that network-level connectivity alterations may serve as a potential biomarker of chemotherapy related cognitive impairment, providing insights for further functional recovery treatment.
Problem-Based Learning in comparison with Lecture-Based Learning in post-graduation Medical short course among Medical Interns in Al Ahsa Saudi Arabia, Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Joher Abdullatif Mohammed Al , Jasim Abdullah Mohammed Al , Huwail Abdullah Sami Al , Jamaan Mohammed a Al
Published: May 2020

Background: The phenomenal development in medical practice in the last years was coincided with medical education advancement. Study aims to compare between problem-based learning and lecture-based learning in post-graduation medical short course among medical interns. Methods: A randomized blinded experimental study was conducted among medical interns at King Abdulaziz Hospital in Al Ahsa in July 2019. A medical subject of “Adolescent health” was explained using problem-based learning method for intervention group and lecture-based learning for comparison group. A validated questionnaire for measuring the attitude of the educational method and pre-posttest multiple-choices questions quizzes were used for both groups. Nor study investigator or participants were aware of the process of randomization and groups’ assignment. Study used the Statistical Package for Social Sciences for data analysis. Results: Total number of medical interns who participated in the study was 14 in every group. Problem-based learning interns noticed that it was stimulating (85.71%), ease (35.71%), useful (71.43%), powering (92.86%) and enlightening (71.43%). However, there was a statistical difference between pre and post scores in lecture-based learning group ( p < 0.001). Mean posttest score of the problem-based learning group was (Mean + SD =13.85 + 3.08) compared to (Mean + SD =16.64 + 1.64) in the lecture-based learning group ( p = 0.01). Also, mean post-pretest score was (Mean + SD =1.35 + 2.76) in the problem-based learning and (Mean + SD =4.21 + 2.42) in the lecture-based learning group (p = 0.01). Conclusions: Lecture-based learning is more effective than problem-based learning in short duration medical courses for post-graduate education medical interns.
A Clinical Multi-center Study of Pregnant Women with COVID-19 in Hubei, China
Authors: Liao Shujie , Wang R. , Wu D. , Fang D. , Dong D. , Tao Z. , Yang H. , Zeng W. , Peng Q. , Peng J. , Wu Y. , Chen S. , Lin X. , Xiong G. , Ma X. , You A. , Lu L. , Dai W. , Hu C. , Zheng J. , Xiao F. , Wang Y. , He W. , Li H. , Xing H. , Huang Y. , Sun D. , Cheng P. , Jin H. , Zhang Z. , Su D. , Huang R. , Zhang C. , Liu X. , Zhang Z. , Bi Y. , Wang L. , Hu X. , Shen Q. , Zhao L. , Fu C. , Dai S. , Du R. , Wang L. , Wu J. , Wang S. , Lv D. , Long R. , Peng J. , Qian C. , Pan Wei , Zhao Y. , Feng L. , Deng D. , Zhang W.
Published: May 2020

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has rapidly spread to more than 200 countries. Thus far, reports regarding multi-center data from throughout gestation in women with COVID-19 and newborn outcomes are scarce.Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data from 92 pregnant women with COVID-19 (PW-COVID-19) and their 78 newborns from 27 hospitals in 12 regions of Hubei, China. The demographic, epidemiological, clinical, laboratory, and therapeutic data and pregnancy, perinatal, and neonatal outcomes were analyzed. Follow-up was censored until April 7, 2020.Findings: Median maternal age was 31.0 years (IQR 28·0-33·0), with nine patients in the first trimester, five in the second trimester, and 78 in the third trimester. None of the patients died, and most (92·4%) recovered and were discharged. Seventy-five deliveries (including three sets of twins) comprised 66 cesarean sections and nine vaginal deliveries, with 21 preterm and 57 full-term infants. Seventeen live births had radiological findings of pulmonary infection. One newborn tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid, and three newborns were viral antibody-positive: two IgG (+) and IgM (-), and one IgG (+) and IgM (+). The median suspected duration of virus exposure was 7 days (IQR 0 to 27).Interpretation: Compared to the pregnant women with other viral infections, such as SARS, MERS, and Zika virus infection, PW-COVID-19 had similar manifestations and relatively better outcomes. The termination time and delivery mode in PW-COVID-19 should be evaluated based on both the maternal and fetal situations. The possibility of maternal-to-fetal transmission of SARS-CoV-2 requires further investigation.Authors Shujie Liao and Renjie Wang contributed equally to this work.
Inflammatory Biomarkers May Predict Poor Outcome in Patients with Chronic Cerebrospinal Venous Insufficiency.
Authors: Song Siying , Lan Duo , Wu Xiao qin , Ding Yu chuan , Ji Xun ming , Meng Ran
Published: May 2020

Background and purpose Chronic cerebrospinal venous insufficiency (CCSVI) related inflammatory process is still unclear. This study aimed to evaluate peripheral inflammatory biomarkers in both intracranial CCSVI and the extracranial CCSVI group, as well as the relationship between the inflammatory state and prognosis of CCSVI.Methods Patients with CCSVI were included from July 2017 to July 2019, divided into three groups by location of stenosis. The inflammatory biomarker assay included neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), red blood cell distribution width (RDW), C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin- 6 (IL-6)) and neuron-specific enolase (NSE). The clinical outcome was assessed by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and Patient Global Impression of Change (PGIC) score. Univariate and multivariate regression analysis was performed to identify significant prognostic factors for poor outcome. Then a nomogram based on multivariate regression analysis was established.Results In total, 248 consecutive patients were enrolled, 102 males and 146 females, with an average age of 57.85 ± 12.28 years. Patients with cerebral venous sinus stenosis (CVSS) were more likely to be younger age and present headaches and severe papilledema. Higher levels of NLR, RDW, and CRP were also observed in the CVSS group. In multivariate analysis, NLR, PLR, and IL-6 became the independent prognostic factors for predicting the poor outcome of CCSVI.Conclusions The clinical presentations and the increased levels of NLR, PLR, and CRP may be more remarkable in the group with CVSS-related CCSVI than that with internal jugular venous stenosis (IJVS)-related CCSVI. The pro-inflammatory state may relate to CCSVI. An elevated level of NLR, PLR, and IL-6 played a negative role in the prognosis of CCSVI.
Broad Spectrum Antibacterial Photodynamic and Photothermal Therapy Achieved with Indocyanine Green Loaded SPIONs under Near Infrared Irradiation
Authors: acar Havva Yagci , Bilici Kubra , Atac Nazlı , Muti Abdullah , Baylam Isınsu , Dogan Ozlem , Sennaroglu Alphan , Can Fusun
Published: May 2020

Background: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) and antimicrobial photothermal therapy (aPTT) are promising local and effective alternative therapies for antibiotic resistant bacterial infections and biofilms. Combination of nanoparticles and organic photosensitizers offer a great opportunity to combine PDT and PTT for effective eradication of both planktonic bacteria and their biofilms. In this work, photo-induced antibacterial activity of indocyanine green (ICG), 3-aminopropylsilane coated superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (APTMS@SPION) and ICG loaded APTMS@SPION were evaluated on planktonic cells and biofilms of gram-negative ( E.coli , K.pneumoniae , P.aeruginosa) and gram-positive ( S.epidermis) bacteria . Results: A relatively low dose of ICG (25 mg/mL) and SPIONs (0.425 mg/mL nanoparticle) in combination with a single, short (10 min) laser irradiation at 808 nm with 1150 mW of power were used in this study. No dark toxicity of the agents or antibacterial effect of the laser irradiation were observed. The charge of the particles did not provide a significant difference in their penetration to gram-negative versus gram-positive bacterial strains or their biofilms. APTMS@SPION/laser treatment completely eliminated P.aeruginosa and provided 7-log reduction in the colony forming unit (CFU) of E.Coli, but was not effective on the other two bacteria . This is the first example for antibacterial phototoxicity of this nanoparticle. ICG/laser and ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser treatments provided complete killing of all planktonic cells . Successful eradication of all biofilms were achieved with ICG/laser (3.2-3.7 log reduction in CFU) or ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser treatment (3.3-4.4 log reduction in CFU). However, an exceptionally high, 6.5-log reduction as well as a dramatic difference between ICG versus ICG/APTMS@SPION treatment was observed in K.pneumoniae biofilms with ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser treatment. Investigation of the ROS production and increase in the local temperature of the biofilms that were subjected to phototherapy suggested a combination of aPTT and aPDT mechanisms for phototoxicity, exhibiting a synergistic effect when ICG-APTMS@SPION/laser was used. Conclusions: This approach opens an exciting and novel avenue in the fight against drug resistant infections by successfully utilizing the antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity of low dose FDA approved optically traceable ICG and a relatively low cost clinically acceptable iron oxide nanoparticle to enable effective aPDT/aPTT combination, induced via short-duration laser irradiation at a near-infrared wavelength.