bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Two new species of Crocodile Skinks (Squamata: Scincidae: Tribolonotus) from the Solomon Archipelago
Authors: RITTMEYER ERIC N. , AUSTIN CHRISTOPHER C.
Published: March 2021

We describe two new species of the scincid lizard genus Tribolonotus from the islands of Buka and Choiseul in the Solomon Archipelago, closely related to, and previously included within, T. pseudoponceleti. One species, T. parkeri sp. nov., is endemic to Buka Island and was revealed in our previous study via taxonomically focused analyses of both next-generation sequencing data and morphology. Here, we also further support the validity of this species by more taxonomically comprehensive Bayesian species delimitation of three Sanger sequenced nuclear loci. The second species, T. choiseulensis sp. nov., is endemic to Choiseul Island and was revealed by an expanded morphological data analysis. These results suggest that numerous other species found on multiple island groups in the Solomon Archipelago may similarly represent complexes of multiple, closely related species, and that the biodiversity of the region is vastly underestimated.
A new species of the genus Phytoecia Dejean, 1835 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) from Greece
Authors: SZCZEPAŃSKI WOJCIECH T. , KARPIŃSKI LECH
Published: March 2021

Phytoecia (Pilemia) kruszelnickii sp. nov. from Greece is described. Distinguishing characters from closely related species are given and discussed. Moreover, Phytoecia (Pilemia) moreana Breuning 1943 stat. nov. is distinguished as a separate species based on morphological and structural differences. According to the results of our research, P. kruszelnickii is distributed exclusively within the continental part of Greece (Thessaly region) and P. moreana only occurs in the Peloponnese peninsula. However, the taxonomic division and distribution range of Phytoecia (Pilemia) hirsutula (Frölich, 1793) require further research.
Batrachideinae (Orthoptera: Caelifera: Tetrigidae): an overview of the most diverse tetrigids of the Neotropical region
Authors: SILVA DANIELA SANTOS MARTINS , CADENA-CASTAÑEDA OSCAR J. , PEREIRA MARCELO RIBEIRO
Published: March 2021

The Batrachideinae subfamily is a well-defined and taxonomically stable taxon, with a pantropical distribution and an important representation in the Neotropical region. In this study, the characters and distributions of the genera and species are discussed based on a morphological analysis and a key to genera of the American Batrachideinae is also provided. New synonymies are established: Tettigidea Scudder, 1862 = Eotetrix Gorochov, 2012 syn. nov.; Batrachidea mucronata (Saint-Fargeau & Serville, 1825) = Tettigidea granulosa Bruner, 1913 syn. nov.; Batrachidea planus (Hancock, 1907) = Batrachidea brevis (Hancock, 1909) syn. nov.; Tettigidea lateralis (Say, 1824) = Tettigidea nicaraguae Bruner, 1895 syn. nov.; Tettigidea lateralis (Say, 1824) = Tettigidea annulipes Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea cuspidata Scudder, 1875 = Tettigidea corrugata Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea cuspidata Scudder, 1875 = Tettigidea multicostata Bolívar, 1887 syn. nov.; Tettigidea chapadensis Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea costalis Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea chapadensis Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea hancocki Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea intermedia Bruner, 1910 = Tettigidea subatera Bruner, 1910 syn. nov.; Tettigidea scudderi Bolívar, 1887 = Tettigidea steinbachi Bruner, 1920 syn. nov. Three species are transferred from the genus Tettigidea to the genus Paxilla Bolívar, 1887: Paxilla mexicana (Hancock, 1915) comb. nov., Paxilla tecta (Morse, 1900) comb. nov., Paxilla nigra (Morse, 1900) comb. nov.; Tettigidea unicornis (Gorochov, 2012) comb. nov. is transferred from the genus Eotetrix Gorochov, 2012 to Tettigidea, and Batrachidea planus (Hancock, 1907) comb. nov. from Tettigidea to Batrachidea Serville, 1838. Five new species groups (lateralis, armata, cuspidata, paratecta and scudderi) are recognized in the genus Tettigidea. Neotype of Tettigidea lateralis lateralis is designated. Keys to the Batrachideinae genera and species of the most diverse American genera (Tettigidea and Paxilla) are also provided.
3. Academia, Abstraction and the Anthropocene
Authors: Kowalchuk Kristine
Published: March 2021

This chapter by Kristine Kowalchuk argues the need for humanities scholars to recognize the ecological crisis as a cultural issue arising from modernity’s story of human separation from, and superiority over, nature. The author urges humanities scholars to help lead the way in telling a different story, to enable genuine positive change and healing. As Kowalchuk shows, this story is not a new story, but rather an ancient one, of right relationship between humans and nature, and it has persisted in the margins for over four hundred years.
4. Kitting the Digital Humanities for the Anthropocene
Authors: Starling Gould Amanda
Published: March 2021

As our landscapes of digital stuff continue to expand and connect, it is imperative we devise a toolkit for thinking (and doing) that tends to the environmental pulses of our digital condition. It is time now, if it isn’t already too late, to enact a spongier digital-material-humanities form of knowledge-production that is tailored to the concerns of our emerging Anthropocenic humanities and that absorbs the full force of our interconnections. A deliberate environmental intervention is not only an obvious response but also an opening: it plants our field securely within the earth, opens us to seeing our tools as environmental artifacts, and urges us to use our talents for doing earth work.
7. Design Education in the Anthropocene
Authors: Benson Eric , Ferronato Priscilla
Published: March 2021

The following chapter by Eric Benson and Priscilla Ferronato discusses how teaching design through the process of systems thinking, as derived from the disciplines of both ecology and biology, is the best path forward to prevent the worst-case scenarios of climate change. Systems thinking is a process that can help designers to uncover the root cause of a problem and how it connects to the larger picture: people, profit and planet (and everything in between). The conditions of the Anthropocene mean that designers must be able to identify the social, political and environmental repercussions of their work – and take responsibility for them. This process empowers designers to evaluate and shift the emphasis of their outcomes to consider the demand put on our natural resources: where and how we get materials to produce our projects, who and what is affected by our decisions and what will happen to the project after it is implemented. The systems thinking process explored in this chapter is a four-step model (determine ¬project goals, map out the design problem, brainstorm design outcomes and evaluate each possible design outcome) as set forth in the 2017 book Design to Renourish: Sustainable Graphic Design in Practice. The authors, who are based at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, taught this systems thinking model over two years in three different courses to test its effectiveness and make improvements to the process, methods, tools and resources from one academic term to the next.
12. The Weight of The Digital: Experiencing Infrastructure with InfraVU
Authors: Dawson Ted
Published: March 2021

The following chapter by Ted Dawson explores the environmental entanglements of the digital humanities, considering the imbrication of digitally-driven attempts to confront environmental crisis with the contributions of digital technologies to that very crisis. The chapter centers on a case study of the InfraVU project undertaken in 2016-2017 at the Vanderbilt University Center for Digital Humanities, a project that sought to draw attention to the infrastructure supporting digital humanities (DH) at Vanderbilt. Dawson first considers the experience and concealment of infrastructure in contemporary life, and especially at the university. He then moves into a fuller description of the InfraVU project itself, showing how the development of the project exploited a productive tension between making and thinking which is central to so much DH work, and which can be understood as a specific inflection of the larger tension between understanding digital culture and digitally understanding culture. In addressing that tension, the InfraVU project demonstrates how digital humanists can use computational methods to think through environmental issues, while also reflecting critically on how that technology is itself implicated in environmental issues. The chapter concludes by foregrounding the role of the arts and humanities in ecocritical digital humanities (EcoDH).
13. Asking Why
Authors: Paradise Allison
Published: March 2021

Scientists question everything about the natural world. They work tirelessly in pursuit of understanding how and why the world behaves as it does. And yet, as a community, scientists rarely question their own behaviour in the lab. Equipment is often left on 24/7, protocols using hazardous chemicals remain unchanged for decades and freezers are filled with samples that haven’t been used since the turn of the century. These behaviours become habits, passed down through the generations. The following chapter by Allison Paradise demonstrates how My Green Lab, a non-profit founded by scientists, has helped to build a culture of sustainability by helping researchers see their behaviour in a new light. By encouraging people who work in labs to ask ‘why’, My Green Lab has been instrumental in changing the culture of scientific research. This approach has led to significant reductions in energy, water and waste in labs across North America. The laboratory sustainability movement in research has also inspired innovation in manufacturing, with laboratory product suppliers starting to design their products with sustainability in mind. This approach to sustainability – encouraging people to critically examine their behaviour and make conscious choices – is a model that could be replicated in any industry. As the work of My Green Lab demonstrates, if we want to enact lasting changes, we need to start by looking inward and questioning our habits and behaviours. When we do this it can have a profound effect on ourselves and on our planet.
Influence of the Eurasian Spring Snowmelt on Summer Land Surface Warming over Northeast Asia and Its Associated Mechanism
Authors: Sun Yue , Chen Haishan , Zhu Siguang , Zhang Jie , Wei Jiangfeng
Published: March 2021

Under the background of global warming, the Eurasian warming features evident spatial heterogeneity, and Northeast Asia (NEA) is one of the regions with the most significant summer warming. Based on reanalysis data and the CESM1.2.2 model, we investigated the possible impacts of spring Eurasian snowmelt on recent NEA summer warming and the relevant mechanisms. Results show that increased (decreased) spring snowmelt over eastern Europe to western Siberia (EEWS) is closely linked to NEA summer warming (cooling). Increased spring snowmelt can wet the soil, weakening surface sensible heating to the atmosphere and cooling the atmosphere. The persistent anomalous soil moisture and surface sensible heat induce geopotential height decrease over EEWS and strengthen the eastward-propagating wave train. Furthermore, positive geopotential height anomalies appear in downstream NEA in summer via the adjustment of the atmospheric circulation. Controlled by the anomalous high pressure system, the west part of NEA is affected by the southerly warm advection, while the east is affected by adiabatic warming induced by the dominant descending motion. Meanwhile, decreased cloud and increased incident solar radiation over NEA favor summer land surface warming. Model results suggest that CESM1.2.2 can basically reproduce the positive correlation between NEA summer land surface temperature and EEWS spring snowmelt. With the positive spring snowmelt forcing, the simulated positive soil moisture and negative sensible heat anomalies persist from spring to summer over EEWS. Consequently, negative geopotential height anomalies appear over the snowmelt region while positive anomalies occur around Lake Baikal, resulting in evident NEA land surface warming.
Representing the People: Latin American Councilors and Their Pathway to Power and Political Representation in Spain
Authors: Cordero Guillermo , Triviño-Salazar Juan Carlos , Escobar Soledad , Pérez-Nievas Santiago
Published: March 2021

Latin Americans are one of the most relevant migrant minorities in Spain. In this article, we analyze their political representation at the local level by describing how councilors of Latin American councilors perceive three stages on their “pathway to power”: the selection method most frequently used by them to become electoral candidates, their ranking as candidates in the Spanish closed and blocked lists system, and their view of political representation once in office. The article contributes to a better understanding of the political incorporation of sizable minority groups in politics in recent immigration countries by implementing a mixed method strategy with survey data and in-depth interviews. The results show how candidates of Latin American origin are included in electoral lists following more participative ways of internal selection than their native-born counterparts, who are more frequently appointed by a party leader. Despite this, those who eventually get elected perceive that they have been ranked in “unsafe positions” of the electoral lists, and therefore with no guarantee of being appointed. Interestingly, once in office, councilors of Latin Americans perceive that they represent immigrants to a lesser degree, compared with their native-born counterparts.
Suicide and suicidality in contemporary serving and ex-serving Australian Defence Force personnel
Authors: Sadler Nicole , Van Hooff Miranda , Bryant Richard A , Lawrence-Wood Ellie , Baur Jenelle , McFarlane Alexander
Published: March 2021

Objective:

The risk of suicide in contemporary serving and ex-serving Australian Defence Force personnel is an area of significant concern, driving government-directed inquiries, community campaigns and most recently, the establishment of a permanent National Commissioner for Defence and Veteran Suicide Prevention. This concern is mirrored in international militaries and despite investment in prevention programmes, suicide is a leading cause of death in military populations. This review seeks to summarise recent findings from Australian research regarding the magnitude and factors associated with suicide and suicidality in contemporary serving and ex-serving Australian Defence Force populations and discusses research findings, implications and future opportunities.

Methods:

Initial review of the prevalence of suicide and suicidality in the general community and military populations is presented, followed by review of recent research findings pertaining to suicides and suicidal thoughts, plans and attempts in contemporary serving and ex-serving Australian Defence Force personnel. Key findings are presented from the 2010 Australian Defence Force Mental Health and Wellbeing Prevalence Study and the 2015 Transition and Wellbeing Research Programme.

Results:

Differences between serving and ex-serving Australian Defence Force cohorts were observed, with rates of completed suicide in ex-serving Australian Defence Force males more than double that of serving Australian Defence Force males, and increased risk for suicidality observed among those who had recently transitioned out of full-time Australian Defence Force service. Risk for increased suicidality and completed suicide is particularly evident for younger males of lower ranks, and those who have been medically discharged.

Conclusions:

The findings provide insight into career phases and groups that should be followed-up and targeted for prevention and early intervention programmes, including prior to and several years following transition out of full-time military service. Further research to better understand the factors that influence those who develop suicidal ideation, and those who progress to plans and attempts, will inform a more sophisticated approach to suicide prevention programmes.
Happiness in developing countries: can government competitiveness substitute for formal institutions?
Authors: Chung Kee Hoon , Im Tobin
Published: March 2021

Accumulated empirical studies have examined how various qualities of governance affect happiness across countries. This study contributes to prior studies by testing a hypothesis that when developing countries lack effective legal and political institutions, capable government may substitute for their functions to promote happiness via effective policy planning and implementation. To test this expectation, this study compares which qualities of governance—government capacity, democracy, and legal system—matter for happiness in developing countries. While prior studies have overwhelmingly relied on the World Governance Indicator to measure government capacity, we introduce a new measure—government competitiveness—developed by the Center for Government Competitiveness, which overcomes some criticisms. Using this indicator, we employ pooled Ordinary Least Square and two-way fixed effects panel data analysis for 80 non-Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development countries spanning the years 2015–2018. As a robustness test, we conduct instrumental variable estimation, using geography as an instrument for government competitiveness. Our analysis shows that government competitiveness has a positive and statistically robust effect on happiness across all estimations, while quality of democracy and judicial independence display ambivalent effects. Our instrumental variable results suggest that judicial independence and quality of democracy display a substituting and complementing relationship with government competitiveness, respectively.

Points for practitioners

This article suggests that institutional arrangements for promoting happiness in developing countries differ from developed countries. In developing countries: (1) government competitiveness may play a more important role than judicial and democratic institutions; and (2) government competitiveness may complement democratic institutions but substitute for judicial institutions. For developing countries facing resource constraints, this article recommends policymakers to prioritize fostering competitive government for promoting happiness.
Warpage investigation of carbon/PEEK discontinuous long fibre thin panels
Authors: Collins Caroline , Batista Natassia L , Hubert Pascal
Published: March 2021

Discontinuous Long Fibre (DLF) composites, composed of randomly-oriented strands of chopped unidirectional pre-impregnated tape, have been used in the aerospace industry to produce intricate, net-shape parts with complex features – replacing complicated metallic brackets with single, lightweight parts. Carbon/PEEK DLF composites suffer from warpage problems driven by several factors including their high processing temperatures and semi-crystalline matrix shrinkage. This work aims to characterize warpage of thin-gauge parts and pursue mitigation. Results showed that the magnitude of warpage reduces with decreasing strand size and increasing thickness. At thicknesses greater than 2 mm, warpage appeared relatively stable. The introduction of ribbed features was explored as a mean of mitigating warpage by increasing part stiffness. No significant impact on the magnitude of warpage was observed within parts. However, the addition of ribs helped to control the warped shape of the part.
Deflection of GFRP-reinforced concrete beams
Authors: Gajdošová Katarína , Sonnenschein Róbert , Blaho Stanislav
Published: March 2021

This paper presents an investigation of the performance of concrete beams reinforced with glass fiber-reinforced polymers (GFRP) under short-term loading. A total of six specimens with rectangular cross-sections (75 mm in height and 150 mm in width) were tested under a four-point bending test to failure. Each specimen was reinforced with two GFRP bars with diameters of 8 mm. The results of this study demonstrated the behavior of GFRP-reinforced concrete members and a validation of the available calculation methods for the deflection of these members and assumed possibilities of the use of a GFRP reinforcement over the long term. The results of the study presented show a very good agreement of an experimentally measured and theoretically calculated instantaneous deflection when using the approaches in the European and American standards. In calculations of long-term deflections, the results are highly inconsistent and seem to be quite overestimated in some cases. The study shows the necessity of real-time long-term measurements to demonstrate the real deformations to be assumed during design of structures reinforced with GFRP reinforcement.
Concessions for Concession’s Sake: Injustice, Indignation, and the Construction of Intractable Conflict in Israel–Palestine
Authors: Assouline Philippe , Trager Robert
Published: March 2021

In intractable conflicts, what factors lead populations to accept negotiated outcomes? To examine these issues, we conduct a survey experiment on a representative sample of the Jewish Israeli population and a companion experiment on a representative sample of Palestinians in the West Bank and Gaza. We find that holding the negotiated settlement outcome constant, approval of the settlement is strongly influenced by whether it is framed as a negotiating defeat for one side—if and only if respondents are primed to be indignant—and that these effects are strongly mediated by perceptions of the fairness of the settlement outcome. Moral indignation produces a desire for concessions for concession’s sake. Such conflicts over political framing violate assumptions of the rationalist literature on conflict processes and suggest important new directions for conflict theorizing.
Smash-ridging cultivation improves crop production
Authors: Wei Benhui , Han Suoyi , He Guohao
Published: March 2021

Smash-ridging cultivation is an efficient farming method that was recently developed in China. The technique involves vertically cutting by using a spiral drill, causing the soil to ‘suspend’ as ridges, thereby breaking through the traditional plough pan, and thickening the plough layer up to 30–50 cm. Smash-ridging cultivation has effectively improved soil quality and has increased the water and nutrient retention capacity. Loose soil enables the plant’s root system to optimally develop and more efficiently absorb nutrients. This facilitates the growth of the above ground parts of plant, leading to a significant increase in crop yield. This method has been successfully applied on 40 crops and tested in 26 provinces. The yield increase within a single season ranges from 10.0% to 54.8%. This technique may have a positive and extensive impact on food safety and agricultural production in China and the rest of the world.
Cervical Tuberculosis Combined With Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma With Lateral Neck Metastasis
Authors: Lin Hui-Yu , Hu Hao-Chun
Published: March 2021

Extrapulmonary tuberculosis in the head and neck region accounts for 10% of all tuberculosis cases. Cervical lymph nodes are the most common sites of head and neck tuberculosis and often mimics neck metastasis leading to overstaging and overtreatment. Fine needle aspiration has proven effective in diagnosing cervical tuberculosis. If a diagnosis of tuberculosis is confirmed, then the first-line treatment is oral antituberculosis medication.
Fathers’ Migration and Academic Achievement among Left-behind Children in India: Evidence of Continuity and Change in Gender Preferences
Authors: Vikram Kriti
Published: March 2021

This article examines the link between paternal migration and children’s arithmetic and reading achievement, using the 2005 and 2012 waves of the national India Human Development Survey (IHDS). Additionally, it investigates if fathers’ migration is associated with increased investments in children’s education and time spent on educational activities. Using propensity score matching, this article finds that fathers’ current and long-term migration, defined as being a migrant in both IHDS waves, is positively associated with children’s education. However, the benefits of paternal migration are experienced more frequently by sons than by daughters. Sons of migrant fathers demonstrate higher reading and arithmetic achievement, benefit from higher education expenditure, and spend more time on educational activities than sons of non-migrant fathers. Daughters of migrant fathers exhibit higher reading skills and receive higher investments in education but are no different from daughters of non-migrant fathers in time spent on educational activities and arithmetic achievement. These results suggest a gendered process at play in remittance utilization, with sons experiencing a more robust remittance effect. Nevertheless, it is promising to note that daughters also gain from the economic and social remittances received by left-behind families in a modernizing India.
Global technology companies and the politics of urban socio-technical imaginaries in the digital age: Processual proxies, Trojan horses and global beachheads
Authors: Hodson Mike , McMeekin Andrew
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we take the concept of ‘new urban spaces’ as our jumping off point to engage with the efforts of Alphabet/Google affiliate Sidewalk Labs to cultivate a new integrated digital and infrastructural urban space on the Toronto waterfront. We interrogate the process and politics of imagining this new, digital urban space as an urban socio-technical imaginary. The paper critically examines the central role of ‘big tech’ in producing the urban socio-technical imaginary not as a snapshot but, rather, as a ‘process of becoming’. This processual focus on the role of big tech allows us to develop three interrelated analytical contributions. First, we generate in-depth understanding of the proxy politics of urban socio-technical imaginaries in constituting new digital urban spaces. Second, we argue that an urban socio-technical imaginary was used as a Trojan horse to promote private experimentation with urban governance. Third, we demonstrate attempts to imagine a global beachhead via ‘the global model’ of a new digital urban space predicated on the digital control of integrated urban infrastructure systems.
To Provide or Protect? Masculinity, Economic Precarity, and Protective Gun Ownership in the United States
Authors: Warner Tara D. , Tober Tara Leigh , Bridges Tristan , Warner David F.
Published: March 2021

Protection is now the modal motivation for gun ownership, and men continue to outnumber women among gun owners. While research has linked economic precarity (e.g., insecurity and anxiety) to gun ownership and attitudes, separating economic well-being from constructions of masculinity is challenging. In response to blocked economic opportunities, some gun owners prioritize armed protection, symbolically replacing the masculine role of “provider” with one associated with “protection.” Thus, understanding both persistently high rates of gun ownership in the United States (in spite of generally declining crime) alongside the gender gap in gun ownership requires deeper investigations into the meaning of guns in the United States and the role of guns in conceptualizations of American masculinity. We use recently collected crowdsourced survey data to test this provider-to-protector shift, exploring how economic precarity may operate as a cultural-level masculinity threat for some, and may intersect with marital/family status to shape gun attitudes and behaviors for both gun owners and nonowners. Results show that investments in stereotypical masculine ideals, rather than economic precarity, are linked to support for discourses associated with protective gun ownership and empowerment.
Childhood Sexual Abuse, Spirituality/Religion, Anxiety and Depression in a Jewish Community Sample: the Mediating Role of Religious Coping
Authors: Korbman Miriam D. , Pirutinsky Steven , Feindler Eva L. , Rosmarin David H.
Published: March 2021

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a pervasive problem impacting a broad range of mental health outcomes. Previous research has shown that spiritual and religious (S/R) factors both positively and negatively relate to mental health issues among survivors of CSA, but mediating mechanisms of effect are unclear. The present study examined CSA, anxiety, depression, and positive/negative religious coping among 372 Jewish community members with and without CSA histories. Individuals who experienced CSA endorsed significantly higher anxiety and depression as well as negative religious coping than those without CSA. Negative religious coping mediated the relationship between CSA and anxiety and depression. We discuss clinical and social implications of these findings, including the need to address S/R factors in treatment of CSA, especially within religious communities. Further research examining abuser identity, survivors’ disclosure experience, and other S/R mediators of effect is warranted.
10-Year Study of Christian Church Support for Domestic Violence Victims: 2005-2015
Authors: Zust Barbara L. , Flicek Opdahl Breanna , Moses Katie Siebert , Schubert Courtney Noecker , Timmerman Jessica
Published: March 2021

Religious beliefs play a significant role in the lives of victims of domestic violence. Victims find strength in their faith and would rather endure the violence at all costs to keep a family or a marriage together, than to compromise their faith by leaving. This 10 –year study explored the climate of support for victims of domestic violence among Christian clergy and church members between 2005 and 2015. Using a convenience sample, surveys were sent out to congregations in the Upper Midwest in 2005 and 2015. The survey included demographics; two items measuring perception of domestic violence in the congregation and community; six Likert Scale items regarding agreement with statements concerning leaving an abusive marriage; four “Yes–No” items regarding the impact of faith in leaving, support of the congregation, community resources, and clergy as counselors. The clergy’s survey had the same questions plus open-ended questions about their skills in counseling victims, their congregation’s support for victims, community resources, and beliefs that could impact a victim’s choice in leaving. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, simple frequencies, and bivariate correlations. Narrative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results of this study indicated that change is slow. Members want their clergy to become more educated in counseling and in speaking about domestic violence from the pulpit. Clergy felt comfortable in making referrals for professional counseling, while the majority of members would prefer counseling with their pastor if they were in a violent relationship. Both clergy and members want to create a safe and supportive environment for victims/survivors of violent relationships. Findings from this study exemplify the need for pastors to remove the silence about domestic violence in their congregations and address the misunderstood social religious beliefs that may bind a victim to the violence.
Examining Associations Between Race, Gender, Alcohol Use, School Performance, and Patterns of Bullying in the School Context: A Latent Class Analysis
Authors: Ferreira-Junior Valdemir , Valente Juliana Y. , Sanchez Zila M.
Published: March 2021

Although many studies addressed bullying occurrence and its associations, they often use individual variables constructed from few items that probably are inadequate to evaluate bullying severity and type. We aimed to identify involvement patterns in bullying victimization and perpetration, and its association with alcohol use, school performance, and sociodemographic variables. Baseline assessment of a randomized controlled trial were used and a latent class analysis was conducted to identify bullying patterns among 1,742 fifth-grade and 2,316 seventh-grade students from 30 public schools in São Paulo, Brazil. Data were collected using an anonymous self-reported, audio-guided questionnaire completed by the participants on smartphones. Multinomial logistic regressions were performed to verify how covariant variables affected bullying latent classes. Both grades presented the same four latent classes: low bullying, moderate bullying victimization, high bullying victimization, and high bullying victimization and perpetration. Alcohol use was associated with all bullying classes in both grades, with odds ratio up to 5.36 (95% CI 3.05; 10.38) among fifth graders from the high bullying victimization and perpetration class. Poor school performance was also strongly associated with this class (aOR = 10.12, 95%CI = 4.19; 24.41). Black/brown 5th graders were 3.35 times more likely to fit into the high bullying victimization class (95% CI 1.34; 8.37). Lack of evidence for association of sociodemographic variables and bullying latent class among seventh-grade students was found. Bullying and alcohol use are highly harmful behaviors that must be prevented. However, prevention programs should consider how racial and gender issues are influencing the way students experience violence.
Incorporating a Mindfulness Program in a Graduate Family Nurse Practitioner Program
Authors: Conelius Jaclyn , Iannino-Renz Rose
Published: March 2021

Mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR) activities have been shown to have psychological benefits. Studies have identified increased perceived levels of stress in graduate students; however, this is not specific to graduate nursing students. There is very little data on the use of MBSR as a nonpharmacologic tool to decrease stress levels in graduate nurse practitioner students. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if the implementation of MBSR improves the overall perceived stress of graduate nursing students. The pilot MBSR program covered topics such as different forms of mindfulness meditation practice, mindful awareness during yoga postures, and mindfulness during stressful situations. Perceived stress scores mean for the sample ( n = 25) was elevated at 26 (+4) indicating moderate stress prior to the MBSR training and significantly decreased post 14-week MBSR training (+6) ( p < .05). This finding suggests that the MBSR activities have contributed to the overall reduction in stress in these students. The graduate family nurse practitioner students are now familiar with the benefits of MBSR and can share this practice with their patients. Having this skill as a part of their clinical tool kit and practice will allow them to apply this to patient care and subsequently provide holistic care.
Procedure for combining ﬁeld measurements and machine learning to quantify impact of different track parameters on ride quality of railway tracks
Authors: Roghani Alireza , Pall Raman , Toma Elton
Published: March 2021

Ride quality in terms of vibration is a fundamental factor affecting passengers’ satisfaction. Every year, passenger carriers invest significantly in various aspects of their system, including track and infrastructure, to improve ride quality. The assessment of ride quality and understanding the extent of the impact of different parameters on its magnitude is essential for railway operators to make informed decisions regarding capital expenditures. This paper presents a methodology for using machine learning techniques to find the correlation between various parameters (including train speed, weather conditions, presence of track features, and composition of the track substructure) and ride quality (quantified using measurements from accelerometers mounted on a rail car). The statistical model was developed using field measurements collected over a 50 km section of VIA Rail’s track in Canada. This paper describes the collected field data, the development of the statistical model, and discusses the importance of each parameter on the accuracy of the model.
Strategy for on-orbit space object classification using deep learning
Authors: Lim Seongmin , Kim Jin-Hyung , Kim Hae-Dong
Published: March 2021

Since nanosatellites are spotlighted as a verification platform for space technology, new studies on on-orbit satellite servicing using nanosatellites are being conducted. This servicing is based on space robotics using vision-based sensors in the rendezvous state with a target satellite. The space environment, such as sunlight and Earth albedo, affects the mission. Simulation of the space environment on the ground is difficult, but the development of robust algorithms which reflect the effect is essential. In particular, missions such as active debris removal require a method for overcoming changes in any known information due to external factors such as collisions. This study proposes a new strategy on nanosatellite for on-orbit space object classification by applying deep learning to sensor-based orbit satellite service activity. When previously known information is changed, a method of online learning on orbit after obtaining additional data at a short relative distance can help determine the final service part. Using the images and point cloud data that simulate the space environment, we apply a convolutional neural network and PointNet to classify the objects. The learning environment is studied using a general desktop and a micro-graphics processing unit (GPU) board that can be mounted on a nanosatellite. For the training, we used self-produced data using 3D models of nanosatellites and asteroids with similar shapes, which are difficult to distinguish with existing algorithms. Consequently, the proposed strategy by the author shows feasibility of using nanosatellite’s micro GPU for on-orbit space object classification, and it is verified that point cloud–based methods are more suitable by utilizing deep learning for nanosatellites. The proposed method with processor of nanosatellite is applicable to satellite service missions in orbit, such as capturing of robotic parts for extending life span or removing space debris.
Conceptualizing Empathy Competence: A Professional Communication Perspective
Authors: Fuller Melissa , Kamans Elanor , van Vuuren Mark , Wolfensberger Marca , de Jong Menno D.T.
Published: March 2021

Empathy competence is considered a key aspect of excellent performance in communication professions. But we lack an overview of the specific knowledge, attitudes, and skills required to develop such competence in professional communication. Through interviews with 35 seasoned communication professionals, this article explores the role and nature of empathy competence in professional interactions. The analysis resulted in a framework that details the skills, knowledge, and attitudinal aspects of empathy; distinguishes five actions through which empathy manifests itself; and sketches relationships of empathy with several auxiliary factors. The framework can be used for professional development, recruitment, and the design of communication education programs.
Fatigue crack growth prediction model under variable amplitude loading conditions
Authors: Li Menghan , Liu Xin , Li Zhenguo , Zhang Yingbo
Published: March 2021

Crack size prediction under variable amplitude loading is a very complex process, which is also important for life prediction in engineering. A crack growth model considering different stress ratio for fatigue remaining life prediction is proposed in this paper. The model utilizes stress ratio to describe the variable loading sequences, which makes the calculation greatly simplified. The rain-flow method is utilized to characterize the load sequence effects under variable amplitude loading. In addition, particle filter is utilized to estimate the model parameters describing the crack growth. Finally, case study indicates that the proposed approach is efficient in predicting crack growth and fatigue remaining life.
The Political-Economic Correlates of Discursive Engagement in Europe
Authors: Mayne Quinton , Singh Shane P.
Published: March 2021

We examine the individual-level characteristics and political and economic conditions associated with political discussion. To build our model of discursive engagement, we draw on existing research on political participation as well as our own theoretical reasoning. Our data cover two million individuals in twenty-eight European countries over forty-five years, and we employ a little-used approach to multilevel analysis that distinguishes variations in engagement attributable to cross-country differences from those stemming from within-country changes. Our primary findings reveal that, within countries, citizens are more likely to talk about politics at election time, when there are more electorally competitive political parties, during periods of recession, when unionization levels are higher, and when racial and ethnic diversity is greater. Across countries, political discussion is more likely where elections are ongoing and in countries with lower levels of income inequality and corruption. We also find that men and the higher-educated are more likely to discuss politics, as are those who are middle aged or employed. Our approach is wide-ranging, but it is also deliberately correlational. Future observational and experimental studies might expand on and identify the causal underpinnings of the associations we establish here.
Small Cell-like Change in Central Zone Histology—A New Observation Mimicking Cribriform Intraductal Prostatic Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Kryvenko Oleksandr N.
Published: March 2021

A small cell-like change in prostate has been described in high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma, and invasive prostate cancer. It occurs when these processes have a cribriform architecture. To date, small cell-like change has not been described in benign glands. Herein, I describe such a change in cribriform central zone histology from a radical prostatectomy with a spatially remote treatment naïve Grade Group 3 prostate cancer. The cancer did not have cribriform morphology or intraductal prostatic adenocarcinoma. The small cell-like change was positive for racemase in PIN-4 cocktail and no nuclei were highlighted by Ki-67. This is the first report of a small cell-like change in benign prostate tissue. Although rare, such finding in cribriform architecture of central zone histology can potentially be misinterpreted as a neoplastic process.
Quizzes or Editing Exercises? In Teaching AP Style, Both Methods Work Equally
Authors: Littlefield Christina
Published: March 2021

Journalism educators train students on Associated Press (AP) style, helping them navigate grammar, accuracy, and ethical issues. However, there is little peer-reviewed research testing which methods are most effective. This article used a quasi-experimental pretest/posttest methodology over six semesters to test three common methods: timed, closed-book, in-class quizzes; timed, open-book, in-class editing exercises; and take-home exercises. No one method proved statistically superior. All types moved students from high Fs to Cs. This study showed that learning AP style needs constant reinforcement.
Florid Bacillus cereus Infection of the Placenta Associated With Intrauterine Fetal Demise
Authors: Shea Stephanie , Paniz-Mondolfi Alberto , Sordillo Emilia , Nowak Michael , Dekio Fumiko
Published: March 2021

Bacillus cereus is a gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly implicated in foodborne illness but has also become increasingly recognized as a source of serious non-gastrointestinal infections, including sepsis, meningitis, and pneumonia. Non-gastrointestinal B. cereus infections have been identified in children, especially in neonates; however, there are no previously described cases of fetal demise associated with B. cereus placental infection. We present a case of acute chorioamnionitis-related intrauterine fetal demise of twin A at 17 weeks gestation, noted two days after selective termination of twin B. Histological examination revealed numerous gram-positive bacilli in placental tissue, as well as fetal vasculature, in the setting of severe acute necrotizing chorioamnionitis and subchorionitis, intervillous abscesses, acute villitis, and peripheral acute funisitis. Cultures of maternal blood and placental tissue both yielded growth of B. cereus. This case underscores the importance of B. cereus as a human pathogen, and specifically demonstrates its potential as an agent of severe intraamniotic and placental infection with poor outcomes for the fetus.
Grafting Methionine on 1F1 Ab Increases the Broad-Activity on HA Structural-Conserved Residues of H1, H2, and H3 Influenza a Viruses
Authors: Le Hoa Thanh , Do Phuc-Chau , Le Ly
Published: March 2021

A high level of mutation enables the influenza A virus to resist antibiotics previously effective against the influenza A virus. A portion of the structure of hemagglutinin HA is assumed to be well-conserved to maintain its role in cellular fusion, and the structure tends to be more conserved than sequence. We designed peptide inhibitors to target the conserved residues on the HA surface, which were identified based on structural alignment. Most of the conserved and strongly similar residues are located in the receptor-binding and esterase regions on the HA1 domain In a later step, fragments of anti-HA antibodies were gathered and screened for the binding ability to the found conserved residues. As a result, Methionine amino acid got the best docking score within the −2.8 Å radius of Van der Waals when it is interacting with Tyrosine, Arginine, and Glutamic acid. Then, the binding affinity and spectrum of the fragments were enhanced by grafting hotspot amino acid into the fragments to form peptide inhibitors. Our peptide inhibitor was able to form in silico contact with a structurally conserved region across H1, H2, and H3 HA, with the binding site at the boundary between HA1 and HA2 domains, spreading across different monomers, suggesting a new target for designing broad-spectrum antibody and vaccine. This research presents an affordable method to design broad-spectrum peptide inhibitors using fragments of an antibody as a scaffold.
Austerity, Localism, and the Possibility of Politics: Explaining Variation in Three Local Social Security Schemes Between Elected Councils in England
Authors: Hick Rod
Published: March 2021

The Conservative-Liberal Democrat coalition government abolished the Discretionary Social Fund and Council Tax Benefit in the Welfare Reform Act 2012 as part of their programme of austerity, with powers to design replacement schemes devolved to local authorities in England. Discretionary Housing Payments, which had long been the responsibility of local authorities, were given an expanded role – to soften the edges of welfare reform being pursued by central government. This article presents analysis of a new quantitative dataset constructed by the author detailing variations in these three payments across local authorities in England. This analysis explores the variation in provision that now exists across England and examines the extent to which the political makeup of elected councils, as well as economic and demographic differences, can explain the variations in provision that now exist. We find that there has been substantial retrenchment in the local social security schemes in the period since their localisation, indicating that the devolution of powers alongside budget cuts has proved a successful mechanism for implementing austerity. We also find that the political makeup of elected councils is associated with the degree of cutbacks in these schemes, with Labour-led councils less likely to retrench across all three payments when compared with councils led by the Conservative party, suggesting that politics remains possible even in a harsh financial climate such as that faced by local authorities in England.