bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exemestane versus anastrozole as front‐line endocrine therapy in postmenopausal patients with hormone receptor‐positive, advanced breast cancer
Authors: Llombart‐Cussac Antonio , Ruiz Amparo , Antón Antonio , Barnadas Agustí , Antolín Silvia , Alés‐Martínez José E. , Álvarez Isabel , Andrés Raquel , García Saenz José A. , Lao Juan , Carrasco Eva , Cámara Carmen , Casas Isabel , Martín Miguel
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Several aromatase inhibitor studies have reported variations in the inhibitory potency of these agents that could lead to differences in clinical outcomes. In the current study, the authors formally evaluated the activity of anastrozole and exemestane in postmenopausal women with hormone‐responsive, advanced breast cancer.

METHODS:

Postmenopausal women who had measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors and had not received previous endocrine therapy for advanced breast cancer were randomized to receive either oral exemestane 25 mg daily or oral anastrozole 1 mg daily until they had disease progression. The primary endpoint was the objective response rate (ORR), and secondary endpoints included the clinical benefit rate (CBR), time to progression (TTP), overall survival, and safety. Crossover to the other aromatase inhibitor was permitted at the time of disease progression; ORR, CBR, and TTP after second‐line treatment also were explored.

RESULTS:

In total, 103 patients were enrolled. The median patient age was 71.6 years, 52.4% of patients had visceral disease, and 75.8% of patients had ≥2 disease sites. Half of the patients had received previous tamoxifen, and 60% had received previous chemotherapy. The efficacy observed in the exemestane and anastrozole groups was an ORR of 36.2% and 46%, respectively; a CBR of 59.6% and 68%, respectively, and a TTP of 6.1 months and 12.1 months, respectively. At progression, 28 patients crossed over to the other aromatase inhibitor, including 16 patients who switched to exemestane (CBR, 43.7%; TTP, 4.4 months) and 12 patients who switched to anastrozole (CBR, 8.3%; TTP, 2 months). Both drugs were generally well tolerated, and no study drug‐related serious adverse events were reported.

CONCLUSIONS:

In this phase 2 randomized trial, no significant differences in clinical activity were observed in favor of exemestane to justify a superiority phase 3 trial design in the first‐line setting. Cancer 2012;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Prospective impact of tumor grade assessment in biopsies on tumor stage and prognostic grouping in gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Dikken Johan L. , Coit Daniel G. , Klimstra David S. , Rizk Nabil P. , van Grieken Nicole , Ilson David , Tang Laura H.
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

In the seventh edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system for esophageal cancer, tumor grade was introduced as an independent determinant of stage grouping in early stage tumors. With the significantly lower prognosis for poorly differentiated early stage adenocarcinomas, patients with these tumors may become candidates for neoadjuvant therapy given an accurate identification of these tumors with preoperative staging. The objective of the current study was to investigate the accuracy of preoperative histopathologic grading and the effect of preoperative grade on tumor stage/prognostic grouping.

METHODS:

Preoperative tumor grade was compared with postoperative tumor grade in 427 patients who underwent surgery without receiving neoadjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. The impact of preoperative tumor grade on stage/prognostic grouping was investigated.

RESULTS:

The overall accuracy of preoperative tumor grade assessment was 76% when unknown differentiation was regarded as well/moderately differentiated as recommended by the AJCC, whereas accuracy was 73% after the exclusion of tumors with unknown grade. In patients who have tumors classified as T1 or T2 and lymph node‐negative (N0) (T1‐T2N0) disease, 16% were assigned to a lower stage group based on preoperative pathology, whereas 5% were assigned to a higher stage group. In the T1‐T2N0 group, sensitivity for detecting a poorly differentiated tumor was 0.43 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.30‐0.56), whereas specificity was 0.94 (95% CI, 0.90‐0.98).

CONCLUSIONS:

With increasing use of neoadjuvant therapy, the accuracy of preoperative biopsy assessment has become increasingly important. In the current study, the accuracy of preoperative tumor grade assessment was 73%, leading to changes in AJCC stage/prognostic group in 21% of patients with T1‐T2N0 esophageal adenocarcinomas. The authors concluded that caution should be exhibited in staging patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma based on preoperative biopsy data. Cancer 2011;. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Identification of tissue of origin in body fluid specimens using a gene expression microarray assay
Authors: Stancel Gregory A. , Coffey Donna , Alvarez Karla , Halks‐Miller Meredith , Lal Anita , Mody Dina , Koen Tracy , Fairley Todd , Monzon Federico A.
Published: June 2011

BACKGROUND:

Body fluid specimens may be the first and only pathologic specimen for clinical evaluation in metastatic cancer cases. The challenge of identifying the tissue of origin in metastatic cancer has led to the emergence of molecular‐based assays, such as the microarray‐based Pathwork Tissue of Origin gene expression test. The ability to use body fluid specimens in this test would be valuable in providing diagnoses to cancer patients without clearly identifiable primary sites. In the current study, the authors evaluated the Tissue of Origin Test for use with malignant effusion specimens.

METHODS:

A total of 27 metastasis‐positive body fluid specimens from different body sites, including pleural, ascites, pericardial, and pelvic wash fluids, were obtained from patients with known diagnoses. Nine specimens from nonmalignant body fluids were included as controls. RNA was extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded (FFPE) tissue and gene expression analysis was performed with the Tissue of Origin Test.

RESULTS:

Seventeen of 27 metastasis‐positive samples were non‐necrotic with ≥60% tumor and yielded sufficient RNA. Of these samples, 94.1% (16 of 17) were in agreement with the available diagnosis. Of the 9 negative control samples evaluated, 7 (77.8%) demonstrated microarray expression profiles most similar to lymphoma, which is consistent with the predominance of inflammatory cells in these specimens.

CONCLUSIONS:

The results of the current study demonstrated that FFPE cell blocks from cytologic body fluid specimens yield adequate diagnostic material for the Pathwork test and can be used in the workup of patients with unknown primary tumors. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2012. © 2011 American Cancer Society.
Photoisomerization around a Fulvene Double Bond: Coherent Population Transfer to the Electronic Ground State?
Authors: Ioffe Ilya , Dobryakov Alexander L. , Granovsky Alexander A. , Ernsting Nikolaus P. , Pérez Lustres J. Luis
Published: June 2011

Photoisomerization around a central fulvene‐type double bond is known to proceed through a conical intersection at the perpendicular geometry. The process is studied with an indenylidene–dihydropyridine model compound, allowing the use of visible excitation pulses. Transient absorption shows that 1) stimulated emission shifts to the red and loses oscillator strength on a 50 fs timescale, and 2) bleach recovery is highly nonexponential and not affected by solvent viscosity or methyl substitution at the dihydropyridine ring. Quantum‐chemical calculations are used to explain point 1 as a result of initial elongation of the central CC bond with mixing of S2 and S1 states. From point 2 it is concluded that internal conversion of S1→S0 does not require torsional motion to the fully perpendicular state. The S1 population appears to encounter a sink on the torsional coordinate before the conical intersection is reached. Rate equations cannot model the observed ground‐state recovery adequately. Instead the dynamics are best described with a strongly damped oscillatory contribution, which could indicate coherent S1–S0 population transfer.
Compressibility of Gas Hydrates
Authors: Manakov Andrey Yu. , Likhacheva Anna Yu. , Potemkin Vladimir A. , Ogienko Andrey G. , Kurnosov Alexander V. , Ancharov Aleksei I.
Published: June 2011

Experimental data on the pressure dependence of unit cell parameters for the gas hydrates of ethane (cubic structure I, pressure range 0–2 GPa), xenon (cubic structure I, pressure range 0–1.5 GPa) and the double hydrate of tetrahydrofuran+xenon (cubic structure II, pressure range 0–3 GPa) are presented. Approximation of the data using the cubic Birch–Murnaghan equation,P=1.5B0[(V0/V)7/3−(V0/V)5/3], gave the following results: for ethane hydrateV0=1781 Å3,B0=11.2 GPa; for xenon hydrateV0=1726 Å3,B0=9.3 GPa; for the double hydrate of tetrahydrofuran+xenonV0=5323 Å3,B0=8.8 GPa. In the last case, the approximation was performed within the pressure range 0–1.5 GPa; it is impossible to describe the results within a broader pressure range using the cubic Birch–Murnaghan equation. At the maximum pressure of the existence of the double hydrate of tetrahydrofuran+xenon (3.1 GPa), the unit cell volume was 86 % of the unit cell volume at zero pressure. Analysis of the experimental data obtained by us and data available from the literature showed that 1) the bulk modulus of gas hydrates with classical polyhedral structures, in most cases, are close to each other and 2) the bulk modulus is mainly determined by the elasticity of the hydrogen‐bonded water framework. Variable filling of the cavities with guest molecules also has a substantial effect on the bulk modulus. On the basis of the obtained results, we concluded that the bulk modulus of gas hydrates with classical polyhedral structures and existing at pressures up to 1.5 GPa was equal to (9±2) GPa. In cases when data on the equations of state for the hydrates were unavailable, the indicated values may be recommended as the most probable ones.
Development of a hybrid sputtering/evaporation process for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 thin film solar cells
Authors: Acciarri M. , Binetti S. , Le Donne A. , Lorenzi B. , Caccamo L. , Miglio L. , Moneta R. , Marchionna S. , Meschia M.
Published: June 2011

In this paper we report a new method for Cu(In,Ga)Se2 deposition for solar cell application. Differently from the common co‐evaporation process, an alterative approach for thin film Cu(In,Ga)Se2 has been tested: the sputtering deposition of metal elements combined with the selenium evaporation. We have studied the relationships between the growth parameters of our hybrid sputtering/evaporation method and the chemical‐physical properties of the CIGS films. The cells are completed with a CdS buffer layer deposited by chemical bath deposition and ZnO + ITO deposited by RF sputtering. Test solar cells of 0.5 cm2 have shown an efficiency of 10% and 2.5% on glass and stainless steel substrate respectively. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Investigation on the regeneration of Z‐cut KDP crystals
Authors: Zhong De‐Gao , Bing Teng , Yu Zheng‐He , Wang Shu‐Hua , Jiang Xue‐Jun , He Lin‐Xiang , Huang Wan‐Xia
Published: June 2011

The regeneration of Z‐cut KDP crystals is explored by analyzing the growth of thin surface layers formed. The structural defects and crystalline perfection of the thin surface layers are evaluated by white‐beam synchrotron radiation topography and high‐resolution X‐Ray diffraction respectively. It shows that the thin surface layers have the same crystal structure as KDP crystal. There are large numbers of defects in thin surface layers and the crystalline quality is very poor. The growth velocity of thin surface layers is firstly accurately measured by a newly‐designed in‐situ crystal growth observation setup. It is found that the growth velocity of the thin surface layers strongly depends on the flow rate of the growth solution. The hindering effect of pyrophosphate (K4P2O7) on the growth of the thin surface layers is discussed. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The effect of oxygen partial pressure on physical properties of nano‐crystalline silver oxide thin films deposited by RF magnetron sputtering
Authors: Narayana Reddy P. , Sreedhar A. , Hari Prasad Reddy M. , Uthanna S. , Pierson J. F.
Published: June 2011

Nano‐crystalline silver oxide films were deposited on glass and silicon substrates held at room temperature by RF magnetron sputtering of silver target under different oxygen partial pressures. The influence of oxygen partial pressure on the structural, morphological, electrical and optical properties of deposited films was investigated. Varying oxygen partial pressure during the sputter deposition leads to changes of mixed phase of Ag2O and Ag to a single phase of Ag2O and to AgO. The X‐ray diffraction and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy results showed the formation of single phase Ag2O with cubic structure at oxygen partial pressures of 2x10‐2 Pa while the films deposited at higher oxygen partial pressure of 9x10‐2 Pa showed the formation of single phase of AgO with monoclinic structure. Raman spectroscopic studies on the single phase Ag2O showed the stretching vibration of Ag‐O bonds. Single‐phase Ag2O films obtained at oxygen partial pressure of 2x10‐2 Pa were nano‐crystalline with crystallite size of 20 nm and possessed an electrical resistivity of 5.2x10‐3 Ωcm and optical band gap of 2.05 eV. The films deposited at higher oxygen partial pressure of 9x10‐2 Pa were of AgO with electrical resistivity of 1.8x10‐2 Ωcm and optical band gap of 2.13 eV. (© 2011 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
Tin‐Based Mesoporous Silica for the Conversion of CO2 into Dimethyl Carbonate
Authors: Ballivet‐Tkatchenko Danielle , Bernard Frédéric , Demoisson Frédéric , Plasseraud Laurent , Sanapureddy Sreevardhan Reddy
Published: June 2011

Sn‐based SBA‐15 was prepared by reacting di‐n‐butyldimethoxystannane with SBA‐15 pretreated with trimethylchlorosilane (TMCS) to cap the external hydroxyl groups. Small‐angle X‐ray diffraction (SXRD), infrared spectroscopy (IR), nitrogen adsorption/desorption, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission (ICP‐AES) measurements allow us to propose that the organotin species are located within the pore channels of the mesoporous host. This novel material catalyzes selectively the coupling of CO2 with methanol to dimethyl carbonate (DMC). The reaction time–conversion dependence shows that a turnover number (TON) of 16 can be reached at 423 K under 20 MPa, which is among the highest reported so far in the absence of water traps. Moreover, as the catalytic activity is retained after recycling, even higher values can be obtained on a cumulative basis. A further TON increase is observed with the reaction temperature. Interestingly, the tin‐based SBA‐15 mesoporous material exhibits lower TONs if the TMCS pretreatment is left out. Therefore, the organotin species located outside the channels are far less active than those located within.
Flow cytometric assay using two fluorescent proteins for the function of the internal ribosome entry site of hepatitis C virus
Authors: Shi Guoli , Yagyu Fumihiro , Shimizu Yohko , Shimizu Kazufumi , Oshima Masamichi , Iwamoto Aikichi , Gao Bin , Liu Wenjun , Gao George Fu , Kitamura Yoshihiro
Published: June 2011

The initiation of translation in hepatitis C virus (HCV) occurs at the internal ribosome entry site (IRES) located at the 5′‐end of its genomic RNA. To study the function of HCV IRES, we constructed a reporter plasmid that generates a bicistronic mRNA encoding two fluorescent proteins: cap‐dependent DsRed2 and IRES‐dependent Azami Green (AG). We introduced the plasmid into Huh7.5.1 and HEK293 cells and measured the relative IRES activity from the ratio of AG's signal to DsRed2's in individual cells using flow cytometry. To compare our method and a conventional biochemical method, we constructed a structurally similar reporter in which Renilla and Firefly luciferases replace DsRed2 and AG, respectively. With these systems, we found that the IRES A164G substitution decreased its activity, that interferon alpha affected the IRES activity in a cell type‐specific manner, and that a synthetic micro‐RNA targeting IRES was able to suppress the gene expression. In conclusion, the two methods were comparable in sensitivity in the studies of IRES mutations and host cell types. We discussed the significance of our findings and potential advantage of the cytometric assay: application to the molecular study of the HCV translation and to screening anti‐IRES drugs. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Automated gene oscillation phase classification for zebrafish presomitic mesoderm cells
Authors: Lu Yanting , Lu Jianfeng , Liu Tianming , Yang Jingyu
Published: June 2011

Zebrafish somitogenesis is governed by a segmentation clock that generates oscillations of gene expression in the zebrafish presomitic mesoderm (PSM) cells. The segmentation clock causes cells to undergo repeated cycles of transcriptional activation and repression, which can be divided into eight phases based on their distinct mRNA co‐localizations. Recognizing different gene oscillation phases of cells is important in zebrafish research, but manual analysis is time‐consuming and difficult. In this article, an effective automated gene oscillation phase classification framework is established for zebrafish PSM cell images. The framework consists of three major steps: (1) identify the individual cells by a two‐stage segmentation procedure; (2) extract multiple features on each cell patch to measure the subcellular mRNA distribution; (3) employ a support vector machine (SVM) with a combined kernel to complete feature fusion and classification. To evaluate the effectiveness of this framework, a dataset containing 2,227 cell samples is constructed. Experimental results on this dataset indicate that our approach can achieve reasonably good performance for this gene oscillation classification problem. The feature sets NF9 and SPIN introduced in this article have proved to be superior to other cell features in this problem. Besides, the kernel fusion method used in the third step provides a way to combine heterogeneous features together, i.e., numerical feature set and histogram‐based feature set, and classification performance with the combined kernel is better than single feature. © 2011 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Evaluation of CINtec PLUS® testing as an adjunctive test in ASC‐US diagnosed SurePath® preparations
Authors: Edgerton Neil , Cohen Cynthia , Siddiqui Momin T.
Published: June 2011

The CINtec PLUS® system is an immunohistochemical cocktail composed of antibodies against p16INK4a (surrogate of HPV infection) and Ki‐67 (proliferation marker) meant to improve the sensitivity and specificity for detecting high‐grade dysplasia (HGD). In the presence of dysplasia, a red chromogen marks Ki‐67 expression in the nucleus and a brown chromogen marks cytoplasmic p16INK4a expression. Only cells showing dual staining are interpreted as positive. This retrospective study examined the performance of CINtec PLUS testing when performed on ASC‐US diagnosed samples. Comparison was made to high‐risk HPV DNA test results and colposcopic biopsy results. Technical considerations in the interpretation of this immunohistochemical stain are additionally discussed. CINtec PLUS showed modest sensitivity (64%) and specificity (53%) in identifying the presence of HGD at surgical biopsy. Positive and negative predictive values for HGD were 28% and 83%, respectively. HR‐HPV DNA test yielded sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 21%. During interpretation, squamous metaplasia and endocervical cells were seen to show individual staining for p16INK4a or Ki‐67. Individual staining, when present within three dimensional cellular groups common to SurePath® preparations, can be time‐intensive to interpret necessitating thoughtful examination at high power. The Pap test with HR‐HPV DNA testing is a highly sensitive test. A specific test is needed to prevent false positives and over treatment. The CINtec® system provides a modest increase in specificity beyond HR‐HPV DNA testing. Future study of its appropriateness and cost‐ffectiveness in a treatment algorithm are warranted. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Z‐axis video for cytology database is a useful tool for the case presentation prior to the cytology training workshop
Authors: Yamashiro Katsushige , Shinohara Toshiya , Mitsuhashi Tomoko , Sugimura Takuya , Taira Kiyomi , Azuma Manabu , Okuyama Dai , Nakajima Manami , Takeda Hiroko , Suzuki Hiroaki
Published: June 2011

We have built a database on the Internet managing z‐axis video for cytology (Zavic), and report on a new style of case discussion supported by the Zavic database. Z‐axis video for cytology is a movie file derived from the video recording of a microscopic field with changes in the focus. We used it for the case presentation of EUS‐FNA of pancreatic lesions on the Internet prior to a training workshop. The attendees were asked to observe the Zavic and to make diagnoses of 20 cases before the workshop. Fourteen attendees also observed lesions under a microscope on that day, and the results were compared with those of Zavic observation. The evaluation of the Zavic database (DB) was surveyed by a questionnaire. The average number of accurate diagnoses by 46 Zavic observers was 10.8. These accuracies for those who observed both the Zavic and glass slides were 11.57 and 11.43, respectively, for the videos and slides. Compared with Zavic observation alone, the diagnoses with glass slide observation were shifted to a correct diagnosis in two cases, but were shifted to an incorrect diagnosis in two cases. Approximately 60% of Zavic observers replied in the questionnaire that the movies on Zavic DB started to play within 3–4 seconds after clicking the play button. We successfully carried out the new style of case discussion supported by the Zavic DB. It was evaluated favorably by many attendees, who were psychologically still dependent on the glass slide observation. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2013. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Epithelial membrane transporters expression in the developing to adult mouse vomeronasal organ and olfactory mucosa
Authors: Merigo Flavia , Mucignat‐Caretta Carla , Cristofoletti Mirko , Zancanaro Carlo
Published: June 2011

To contribute clarifying mechanisms operating in nose chemosensory epithelia and their developmental patterns, we analyzed the expression of different epithelial membrane transporters as well as the Clara cell secretory protein, CC26 in the olfactory, vomeronasal organ (VNO), and respiratory epithelia of embryonic (E13–E19) and postnatal (P1–P60) mice by means of immunohistochemistry and reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction. Results showed that CC26, cAMP‐activated chloride channel (CFTR), and the water channel protein aquaporin 2, 3, 4, and 5 (AQP2, AQP3, AQP4, and AQP5) are expressed in developing to adult chemosensory epithelia with differential timing; moreover, their pattern of expression is not identical in VNO and olfactory epithelia as well as the corresponding associated glands; co‐localization experiments using olfactory marker protein showed that CFTR, CC26, and AQP4 are not expressed in olfactory neurones. CFTR is expressed in sustentacular cells of the VNO and olfactory epithelium as well as blood vessels of the underlying mucosa, and VNO (but not Bowman's) glands; a similar pattern (excluding blood vessels) is present for AQP2; AQP4 is found in the two chemosensory epithelia and in Bowman's glands. AQP3 is expressed in the olfactory epithelium and the associated Bowman's glands, but not in the VNO chemosensory epithelium and glands. AQP5 is expressed in the olfactory epithelium and both Bowman's and VNO glands. These results indicate that water/ions handling as well as antioxidant mechanisms operating at the surface and/or inside the nose chemosensory epithelia start developing in utero and are maintained up to sexual maturity. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Develop Neurobiol 71: 854–869, 2011
Internalized weight bias in obese patients with binge eating disorder: Associations with eating disturbances and psychological functioning
Authors: Durso Laura E. , Latner Janet D. , White Marney A. , Masheb Robin M. , Blomquist Kerstin K. , Morgan Peter T. , Grilo Carlos M.
Published: June 2011

Objective:

Widespread bias against obese individuals may lead to the internalization of weight bias in obese persons. This study examined correlates of internalized weight bias (IWB) in obese patients with binge eating disorder (BED).

Method:

One hundred treatment‐seeking obese patients with BED were administered with the eating disorders examination interview and questionnaires assessing IWB, fat phobia, depression, and self‐esteem.

Results:

The mean IWB score in this group of patients with BED was significantly greater than the mean IWB score observed previously in a community sample of overweight adults. IWB was positively associated with eating disorder psychopathology, fat phobia, and depression, and negatively associated with self‐esteem. IWB made significant independent contributions to the variance in eating disorder psychopathology even after accounting for fat phobia, depression, and self‐esteem.

Discussion:

Treatment‐seeking obese patients with BED demonstrate high levels of IWB. IWB may contribute to the variance in eating disorder psychopathology in BED patients, beyond the contributions of fat phobia, depression, and self‐esteem. © 2011 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2012
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Copper(I), Silver(I) and Gold(I) Complexes with Pyrimidine‐2‐thionato Ligands and their Adducts with Phosphanes
Authors: Rodríguez Antonio , Sousa‐Pedrares Antonio , García‐Vázquez José A. , Romero Jaime , Sousa Antonio
Published: June 2011

Homoleptic copper and silver compounds of a series of pyrimidine‐2‐thionato derivatives (RpymS–; R = 4,6‐Me2,5‐Et; 4‐CF3; 4,6‐CF3,Ph) have been synthesized by electrochemical oxidation of anodic metal (copper or silver) in a cell containing an acetonitrile solution of the appropriate thione and a small amount of tetraethylammonium perchlorate as electrolytic carrier. Subsequent reaction of these pyrimidine‐2‐thionato compounds with triphenylphosphane or bis(diphenylphosphanyl)methane (dppm) in acetonitrile allowed the synthesis of the corresponding heteroleptic complexes. The reaction of [Au(PPh3)Cl] with the corresponding pyrimidine‐2‐thione in ethanol in the presence of triethylamine gave [Au(4,6‐Me2,5‐EtpymS)(PPh3)] and [Au(4‐CF3pymS)(PPh3)] in good yields. The compounds were characterized by microanalysis, IR spectroscopy, FAB‐MS and, when sufficientlysoluble, 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. Compounds [Cu6(4,6‐CF3PhpymS)6] (1), [Ag6(4,6‐Me2,5‐EtpymS)6]·2MeOH·3H2O (2), [Cu2(4‐CF3pymS)2(dppm)2]·2CH3CN (3), [Cu(4‐CF3pymS)(PPh3)2] (4) and [Au(4‐CF3pymS)(PPh3)] (5) were also characterized by X‐ray diffraction.
Synthesis and Structural Characterization of Bis(salicylaldiminato)magnesium Complexes of Varying Aggregation and Coordination State
Authors: Quinque Geoffrey T. , Oliver Allen G. , Rood Jeffrey A.
Published: June 2011

A series of salicylaldiminato ligands [C6H5N=CHC6H4OH (1L), 2,6‐iPrC6H3N=CHC6H4OH (2L), and 2,6‐iPrC6H3N=CH‐3,5‐tBu2C6H2OH (3L)] were treated with Bu2Mg in the presence of the appropriate solvent system to yield the crystalline compounds [(1L6Mg3)·thf] (1), [(2L2Mg·thf)] (2), and [3L2Mg] (3). The products were characterized by 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. X‐ray crystallographic analysis revealed that 1 adopts a unique trimeric aggregation state consisting of six‐coordinate magnesium centers. Substitution of the ligand backbone resulted in the formation of the monomeric species 2 and 3. X‐ray crystallographic analyses revealed 2 as a five‐coordinate, distorted square‐pyramidal magnesium complex and 3 as a four‐coordinate, distorted tetrahedral species. Inspection of the metrical parameters in 1–3 indicates a decrease in the Mg–O and Mg–N bond lengths and an increase in the N–Mg–O bite angle with a decreasing coordination number at magnesium.
1,2‐Carbagerma‐closo‐dodecaborate as a Germanium Ligand in Coordination Chemistry – Synthesis, Structure and Reactivity
Authors: Wagenpfeil Anita , Nickl Claudia , Schubert Hartmut , Eichele Klaus , Fox Mark A. , Wesemann Lars
Published: June 2011

A much improved synthesis for the carbagerma‐closo‐dodecaborate anion [GeCB10H11]– is described in the form of [Bu3NH][GeCB10H11] (1). In reactions with transition metal electrophiles, three transition metal complexes {[Bu3NH][(C6H6)Ru(Cl)2(GeCB10H11)] (2), [Bu3NH][Cp*Ir(Cl)(GeCB10H11)2] (3) and [Me3NH][(PPh3)2Ir(CO)(GeCB10H11)2] (4)} with metal–germanium bonds were synthesized. The carbagermaborate anion, in the form of the salt [Et3NH][GeCB10H11], and the coordination compounds 2–4 were structurally characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction. Computations were carried out for the anions in 1–4 to aid NMR assignments.
Alkoxymagnesium Iodide Complexes
Authors: Haiss Peter , Kuhn Annette , Kuhn Norbert , Maichle‐Mößmer Cäcilia , Laufer Stefan , Steimann Manfred , Zeller Klaus‐Peter
Published: June 2011

The complexes R(Ph)MeCOMg(Et2O)I [1, R = Me (a), Ph (b)] were obtained by the reaction of R(Ph)C=O with MeMgI in diethyl ether in good yields. Crystallisation of 1 from acetonitrile resulted in single crystals of di‐ and trinuclear complexes I2(μ‐OCPhMe2)2Mg(MeCN)4 (2) and {2[I(MeCN)Mg(μ‐OCPh2Me)2Mg(MeCN)I] (3) × [I(MeCN)Mg(μ‐OCPh2Me)2Mg(μ‐OCPh2Me)2Mg(MeCN)I] (4) × 2CH2Cl2} in which the metal centres are linked by alkoxy substituents. The thermal decomposition of the complexes 1 was studied by successive detection of the EI mass spectra of diethyl ether, the olefins 5, the tertiary alcohols 6, and the formal olefin dimers 7.
Fat‐soluble bioactives in nuts
Authors: Alasalvar Cesarettin , Pelvan Ebru
Published: June 2011

The levels and compositions of fat‐soluble bioactives such as fatty acids, tocols, phytosterols, and sphingolipids present in 12 nut oils (almond, Brazil nut, cashew, chestnut, hazelnut, heartnut, macadamia, peanut, pecan, pine nut, pistachio, and walnut) are reported and compared. Meeting the recommended daily intake of vitamin E and phytosterols by consuming nuts is discussed. The health benefits of fat‐soluble bioactives in nuts have been thoroughly reviewed. Research findings from over 88 references, many of which published only within the last 10 years, have been compiled and reported.
Hydrolysis and Radiation Stability of m‐Xylylene Bis‐diglycolamide: Synthesis and Quantitative Study of Degradation Products by HPLC–APCI+
Authors: Galán Hitos , Murillo María Teresa , Sedano Rosa , Núñez Ana , de Mendoza Javier , González‐Espartero Amparo , Prados Pilar
Published: June 2011

For nuclear hydrometallurgical separation process development, it is necessary to demonstrate the stability of the extracting systems, since it is well known that radio‐ and hydrolytic degradation leads to undesirable effects, such as a decrease in selectivity, poorer phase separation and third‐phase formation. Recently, we have developed a new family of bis‐diglycolamide (bis‐DGA) molecules with high distribution coefficients (D) for EuIII over AmIII. One of these bis‐DGA extractants, namely, compound 1, showed high distribution coefficients even under gamma irradiation at 1000 kGy with external 60Co sources. We report herein a detailed account on the stability of 1 against radio‐ and hydrolysis. We have also identified and quantified the sub‐products formed during the irradiation process. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of irradiated 1 were performed by HPLC–MS, indicating the presence of seventeen degradation compounds. All fragments (2–18) were identified and synthesized independently. To complete this study, the AnIII and LnIII extraction properties of these fragments were assessed under the same experimental conditions as those used to evaluate the AnIII and LnIII extraction by irradiated 1. Despite the significance of a decrease in the concentration of 1, Am/Eu D values are still quite high. This means that at least some degradation products also act as efficient extractants. It is relevant to remark that two of the major degradation products (compounds 3 and 11) are stable to radiation and showed high D values for AmIII and EuIII extraction.
Selective Synthesis of New Fluorinated Alicyclic β‐Amino Ester Stereoisomers
Authors: Kiss Loránd , Forró Enikő , Fustero Santos , Fülöp Ferenc
Published: June 2011

New fluorinated alicyclic β‐amino ester stereoisomers with a cyclohexene or cyclohexane skeleton were prepared from cis‐ or trans‐2‐aminocyclohex‐3‐enecarboxylic acids in five or six steps through a regio‐ and stereoselective hydroxylation and hydroxy–fluorine exchange. Fluorinated aminoester enantiomers were synthesized from enantiopure cis‐ or trans‐2‐aminocyclohexenecarboxylic acid (prepared byenzymatic resolution of the racemic substances).
Voltammetry of Mn(III) Porphyrin in Trihexyl(tetradecyl)‐phosphonium Tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate Supported Toluene in Contact with an Aqueous Electrolyte
Authors: Adamiak Wojciech , Shul Galyna , Rozniecka Ewa , Satoh Masanori , Chen Jingyuan , Opallo Marcin
Published: June 2011

Voltammetry of manganese tetraphenylporphyrinato chloride in trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium tris(pentafluoroethyl)trifluorophosphate solution in toluene reveals its unexpectedly low diffusion coefficient. UV‐vis spectra confirm significant Cl− exchange with large phosphate anion at the axial position of the complex. Experiments performed with a glassy carbon electrode covered by a liquid film of the same solution and immersed in an aqueous electrolyte solution show a peak potential dependence on the nature and concentration of the aqueous electrolyte anion described by a Nernst type equation. Electron transfer is followed by anion expulsion where the anion effect results from the lability of the axial coordination site of the porphyrin and from spontaneous ion exchange.
Improved method for immunostaining of mucin separated by supported molecular matrix electrophoresis by optimizing the matrix composition and fixation procedure
Authors: Matsuno Yu‐Ki , Dong Weijie , Yokoyama Seiya , Yonezawa Suguru , Saito Takuro , Gotoh Mitsukazu , Narimatsu Hisashi , Kameyama Akihiko
Published: June 2011

Mucins are a family of heavily glycosylated high molecular mass proteins that have great potential as novel clinical biomarkers for the diagnosis of various malignant tumors. Supported molecular matrix electrophoresis (SMME) is a new type of membrane electrophoresis that can be used to characterize mucins. In SMME, mucins migrate in a molecular matrix supported by membrane materials. Here, we have developed an immunostaining method for the identification of SMME‐separated mucins. The novel method involves stably fixing the mucins onto the SMME membrane and optimizing the molecular matrix for the fixation process. We applied this technique for the detection of MUC1 produced from three cancer cell lines (T47D, HPAF‐II and BxPC3) and also analyzed their O‐linked glycans by mass spectrometry. Our results revealed that properties of the MUC1 molecules from the three cell lines are different in terms of migrating position in SMME and glycan profile. The present method allows simple and rapid characterization of mucins in terms of both glycans and core proteins. The method will be a useful tool for the exploration of mucin alterations associated with various diseases such as cancer.
High‐sensitive protein analysis by FESI‐CE‐MALDI‐MS
Authors: Pourhaghighi Mohammad Reza , Busnel Jean‐Marc , Girault Hubert H.
Published: June 2011

Capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI‐MS) are two techniques highly suitable for the separation and detection of intact proteins. Herein, based on the use of a recently introduced iontophoretic fraction collection interface for the coupling of CE and MALDI‐MS, the potential of the combination of both techniques for the analysis of intact proteins is assessed. To further provide a bioanalytical platform with high‐sensitivity capabilities, field‐enhanced sample injection is integrated as on online preconcentration strategy upstream from the electrokinetic separation. Under optimized conditions, more than 3200‐ and 4800‐fold improvement, respectively in terms of peak height and peak area, as well as LODs ranging from 5 to 10 nM, has been achieved.
Surface plasmon resonance platform technology for multi‐parameter analyses on polymer chips
Authors: Danz Norbert , Kick Alfred , Sonntag Frank , Schmieder Stefan , Höfer Bernd , Klotzbach Udo , Mertig Michael
Published: June 2011

The development of a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrometer comprising angular‐resolved analysis for quasi‐monochromatic illumination is reported. The optical system utilizes disposable, injection‐molded chips combined with a lateral imaging optical system for parallel analysis of one‐dimensional spot arrays. Further parallelization is achieved by introducing a segmented light source. This source sequentially illuminates three neighbored one‐dimensional arrays in order to keep angular‐resolved analysis without introducing any mechanically moving parts. This system is applied to detect genetic variations among different DNA samples obtained from polymerase chain reaction (PCR). For this purpose, 135 spots on the chip surface have been prepared by spotting and analyzed separately.
Medium optimization of a hydrophilic solvent‐stable protease from Serratia sp. SYBC H
Authors: Li Guiying , Cai Yujie , Liao Xiangru
Published: June 2011

Two statistical methods were used for medium optimization for a hydrophilic solvent‐stable protease production by Serratia sp. SYBC H with duckweed as the nitrogen source. Orthogonal design was applied to find the significant variables, then response surface methodology (RSM), including Box–Behnken central composite experiments, was used to determine the optimal concentrations and interaction of the significant variables. Results demonstrated that duckweed powder, wheat flour, Tween 80, sodium chloride had significant effects on the solvent‐stable protease production. The interaction between duckweed and wheat flour was significant. The optimal level of the variables for the maximum protease production was duckweed 43.9 g/L, wheat flour 20 g/L, sodium chloride 0.08 M, Tween 80 1% v/v, initial pH 11.0, and inoculum size 7% v/v. The maximum protease activity reached 1922.8 U/mL in the optimized medium, with about 18.3‐fold higher than that in the unoptimized medium. Most importantly, the protease from Serratia sp. SYBC H has successfully catalyzed the specific acylation of sucrose in a two‐solvent medium consisting of pyridine and n‐hexane (1:1, v/v), and non‐specific acylation of sucrose in anhydrous DMSO. These results demonstrated that the protease from Serratia sp. SYBC H is a solvent‐stable protease and it could be an ideal biocatalyst for sugar esters syntheses in non‐aqueous media.
Analytical modelling of a large‐scale dynamic testing facility
Authors: Ceresa P. , Brezzi F. , Calvi G. M. , Pinho R.
Published: June 2011

An analytical model, which aims at reproducing the response of a large‐scale dynamic testing facility, that is a system composed of the specimen/shaking table/reaction‐mass/airbags/dampers/soil is developed. The Lagrangian of the system is derived, under the assumption of large displacements and rotations. A set of four nonlinear differential equations is obtained and solved with numerical methods. Preliminary verifications of the derived model are carried out by reproducing both well‐known results in the literature as well as those of a lumped model employed in the design of an existing dynamic testing facility. The case‐study for validating the nonlinear equations of motion is the shaking table of the EUCENTRE Laboratory. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Emotional Perception in Patients with Eating Disorders in Comparison with Depressed Patients
Authors: Joos Andreas A. B. , Gille Melanie , Hartmann Armin , Unterbrink Thomas , Wetzler‐Burmeister Edda , Scheidt Carl , Waller Elisabeth , Bauer Joachim , Wirsching Michael , Zeeck Almut
Published: June 2011

Objective

Emotion regulation is a key issue for many psychiatric and psychosomatic disorders, including eating disorders. Eating disordered patients (EDP) show high levels of depressive comorbidity, and there is much uncertainty about disorder‐specific deficits. This study is aimed at delineating disorder‐specific disturbances of emotional perception in EDP.

Method

Fifty‐two EDP were compared with 35 depressed patients (DP) and 25 healthy controls. They rated their emotional experience when viewing visual emotional stimuli. Emphasis was placed on the patients' perception of their own emotions and not on the recognition of emotions in others. Severity of depression was assessed by the Beck Depression Inventory.

Results

Eating disordered patients and DP reported less anger than healthy controls—independent of the severity of depression. In addition, DP showed increased levels of disgust when confronted with anger stimuli. Happiness was rated less in EDP and DP, which was associated with severity of depression. There were no differences between the EDP subgroups bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa.

Conclusion

Eating disordered patients and DP showed alterations of emotional perception of anger, an emotion which is closely linked to interpersonal difficulties. Alterations in emotional perception of EDP and DP might be due to more general emotion regulation disturbances. In order to detect more subtle differences between psychiatric subgroups, more sophisticated investigation tools are needed. Increased disgust ratings in DP merit further investigation. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and Eating Disorders Association.
Increase in coarse sediment transport associated with disturbance of gravel river beds by signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus)
Authors: Johnson Matthew F. , Rice Stephen P , Reid Ian
Published: June 2011

There is growing acknowledgement of the interaction between animals and the river bed on which they live and the implications of biological activity for geomorphic processes. It has been observed that signal crayfish (Pacifastacus leniusculus) disturb gravel substrates, potentially promoting sediment transport and impacting ecological communities. However, the mechanisms involved and the extent of their impact remain poorly understood, especially in relation to other processes that affect grain mobility in gravel‐bed rivers. A series of flume experiments, using loose and water‐worked gravel beds of narrowly graded grain sizes that were exposed to 6 h of crayfish activity under low‐velocity flows, showed a substantial increase in the number of grains entrained by subsequent higher‐velocity flows when compared with control runs in which crayfish were never introduced. Crayfish alter the topography of their substrate by constructing pits and mounds, which affect grain protrusion. When walking and foraging, they also alter gravel fabric by reorienting and changing the friction angle of surface grains. In water‐worked surfaces, this fabric rearrangement is shown to lead to a statistically significant, partial reversal of the structuring that had been achieved by antecedent flow. For these previously water‐worked surfaces, the increase in entrainment arising from disturbance by crayfish was statistically significant, with grain transport nearly twice as great. This suggests that signal crayfish, an increasingly widespread invasive species in temperate latitudes beyond their native NW North America, have the potential to enhance coarse‐grained bedload flux by altering the surface structure of gravel river beds and reducing the stability of surface grains. This study illustrates further the importance of acknowledging the impact of mobile organisms in conditioning the river bed when assessing sediment entrainment mechanics in the context of predicting bedload flux. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Products of polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles in oil spill photodegradation
Authors: Fathalla Eiman M , Andersson Jan T
Published: June 2011

Photo-oxidation is a potentially significant process in the degradation of crude oil spilled in the environment. The polycyclic aromatic sulfur heterocycles (PASHs) in an Egyptian crude oil (0.8 % sulfur) were photo-oxidized as a film on the surface of water in the presence of anthraquinone as photosensitizer under simulated solar irradiation. The polar photoproducts were characterized using negative ion electrospray ionization with time of flight mass spectrometry and, after trimethylsilylation, gas chromatography with mass spectrometry. The photoproducts identified revealed the presence of a large variety of sulfonic acids, aliphatic and aromatic acids, and alcohols. The data also give new information on the substituents of the aromatic compounds in the unexposed oil and indicate the presence of cyclohexyl substituted aromatic compounds. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2011;30:2004–2012. © 2011 SETAC
Reordering and incomplete preconditioning in serial and parallel adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening flow solutions
Authors: Camata J.J. , Rossa A.L. , Valli A.M.P. , Catabriga L. , Carey G.F. , Coutinho A.L.G.A.
Published: June 2011

The effects of reordering the unknowns on the convergence of incomplete factorization preconditioned Krylov subspace methods are investigated. Of particular interest is the resulting preconditioned iterative solver behavior when adaptive mesh refinement and coarsening (AMR/C) are utilized for serial or distributed parallel simulations. As representative schemes, we consider the familiar reverse Cuthill–McKee and quotient minimum degree algorithms applied with incomplete factorization preconditioners to CG and GMRES solvers. In the parallel distributed case, reordering is applied to local subdomains for block ILU preconditioning, and subdomains are repartitioned dynamically as mesh adaptation proceeds. Numerical studies for representative applications are conducted using the object‐oriented AMR/C software system libMesh linked to the PETSc solver library. Serial tests demonstrate that global unknown reordering and incomplete factorization preconditioning can reduce the number of iterations and improve serial CPU time in AMR/C computations. Parallel experiments indicate that local reordering for subdomain block preconditioning associated with dynamic repartitioning because of AMR/C leads to an overall reduction in processing time. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.