bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Understanding Authentic Assessment in a Secondary Agricultural Mechanics Laboratory: An Instrumental Case Study
Authors: Blackburn Joey , Kelsey Kathleen D.
Published: April 2022

The instrumental case study reported here adds to the literature on authentic assessment by illuminating how one secondary agricultural education instructor employed authentic assessment in the agricultural mechanics laboratory. The study was underpinned by the constructivist notion of authentic learning and assessment, or allowing students to perform what they can do. Multiple sources of data regarding assessment practices were collected from an exemplary secondary agricultural mechanics instructor who demonstrated model authentic assessment behavior by (1) setting high and fair expectations for students, (2) establishing a progressive hierarchy of skills for students to master, (3) providing continuous feedback so that students had knowledge of their progress, and (4) being committed deeply to students’ success. The four themes resonated with previous literature and provided the foundation for a pragmatic model of authentic assessment in the secondary agricultural mechanics laboratory. Future research should focus on refining the model of authentic assessment in agricultural mechanics for a larger audience, as case studies are limited in their ability to generalize. Additionally, research should be conducted to determine how authentic assessment impacts student performance on Oklahoma Agricultural Power and Technology competency examinations.
Role of Biodiversity and Ecological Consequences in India
Authors: Amrapali Iyer  , Dr. S. Srinivasan
Published: April 2022

India has a diverse climate and topography; different kinds of forests, with a minimum of ten distinct bio-geographical areas, there are many as well as three biodiversity hotspots on the planet's surface. Because other native habitats have lost their native status, the forest currently houses the majority of terrestrial species. There is a vast network of protected areas in place, including 514 wildlife sanctuaries, there are 99 national parks in the United States, 18 biosphere reserves are included in the project, and several holy groves managed by native groups. Due to increased people in the world demands, land use changes, and the introduction of invasive alien species, forest degradation and biodiversity loss persist despite a favorable forest policy and a strong regulatory framework. The extent and loss of biodiversity must be constantly monitored, and individuals must be encouraged to join in large-scale biodiversity conservation rehabilitation.
Utilization of Nanotechnology in the Development of Organic Fertilizers and Pesticides
Authors: Maria Estevez
Published: April 2022

The development of technology and its utilization cannot be denied that it is closely related to increasing the competitiveness of a country's industry. Increased knowledge and mastery of new technology is needed to win the competition in the era of global trade both by the government and industry. One example of technology that is being discussed hot is nanotechnology. The use of nano technology is well known, including in the fields of health, cosmetics and agriculture. Basically, the principle of nanotechnology discovery is to maximize yield or crop production by minimizing the use of fertilizers, pesticides and other needs by monitoring soil conditions such as roots and applying them directly to the target so that nothing is wasted. For pesticides, if this is applied it will be able to minimize the use of pesticides on plants because only target insects are affected. The use of nano technology in fertilizers will allow the release of nutrients contained in the fertilizer can be controlled. So only nutrients that will actually be absorbed by plants are released, so that there is no loss of nutrients there are undesirable targets such as soil, water and microorganisms. In nano fertilizers, nutrients can be in the form of nanomaterial encapsulation, coating by a thin protective layer or released in the form of an emulsion from nanoparticles.
The Comparison of Various Solution Effectivity on the Dilution of Cerumen Obturans in Vitro
Authors: Gerrard S. Dharmaratne
Published: April 2022

Cerumen obturans is a pathological condition that is not life-threatening but can cause discomfort such as feeling full in the ear, pain, hearing loss and deafness as well decreased quality of life. This study aims to determine comparison of the effectiveness of six solvents, namely aquadest, NaCl salt solution 0.9%, coconut oil, olive oil, carboglycerin 10% and sodium docusate 0.5% of cerumen obturans in vitro and to know the duration the most effective contact time of a solvent against serumen solubility. This research is a laboratory experiment using 30 compacted obturated cerumen specimens weighing 40 mg each. Serumen solubility level is measured using Spectronic spectrophotometer 21. Comparison of the effectiveness of the solvent tested with using the One Way Anova test with alpha <0.05. The results show that the effectiveness of different solvents is significant at 20, 25 and 30 minutes only between Aquadest and NaCl 0.9% coconut oil and olive oil using a spectrophotometer. Tim effective contact in vitro is ≥ 20 minutes and inclined increase to the 30 minute limit. In the 20th and 25th minutes, NaCl 0.9% is the most effective solvent while at the most 30th minute effective is aquadest. Olive oil and coconut oil are solvents the lowest effectiveness. Water-based solvents are more effective than fat based solvent.
Study and Design of Sports Stadium
Authors: Patre Avdesh Kumar
Published: April 2022

Sports Stadiums, like many other civil engineering structures, are being pushed to their limits in terms of slenderness and structural efficiency. Sports stadium structure should be designed with the care of economic aspects as well as safety aspects. The objective of the study includes comparative analysis and design of CC structure as well as steel structure for sports stadium with keeping in view of weight and cost aspects. This report mainly covers analysis and design aspect of outdoor sports stadium. First chapter is for introduction regarding stadium type of structure. Basic requirements for the sports stadium are explained in this chapter. It covers the general aspect of sports stadium structure. Objective of the study, organization of report and problems formulation are included in the same chapter. Eden Garden Stadium is one of the largest stadiums in India. It has been selected for this particular study. Static and dynamic analysis of stadiums structure is included in the Third chapter. It covers the analysis of lower tier as well as upper tier gallery of G-Block of Eden Garden Stadium. Dynamic analysis has been carried out on various model of stadiums tierstructure Alternative structural system for the seating bowl is included in the fourth chapter. It covers the analysis and design of RCC and steel structural along with their comparisons. Comparisons mainly focused on cost and weight aspects of stadium structure. Alternative structural system for the roof structure is included in the fifth chapter. Cantilever portal frame has been taken as alternative option of space frame. Analysis and design of both the structure along with their comparisons is given in this chapter. Generation of geometry for the stadium structure using software like STAAD and design of various element of stadium structure are time consuming procedure. Computer program has been developed for the same. Explanation of computer program along with sample output for each design elements is given in the sixth chapter. Summary of report and conclusion along with further scope of work is presented in the seventh chapter.
Study of Cyber Crime and Security
Authors: Reddy V.Vamseedhar
Published: April 2022

A smart grid is made up of a number of sophisticated control systems for generating electricity as well as boosting the system's energy efficiency. Smart power converters, as well as renewable energy and highly efficient resources, are all part of these systems. Multilevel inverters are modern and essential components of high-voltage power supply systems; yet, the failure of electronic power components has a significant impact on the overall system's reliability. The measurement and determination of the boundary conditions and operating regimes of the power components is an important goal in the definition and dimensioning of smart grids. This study describes a novel technique for detecting power component faults in a three- phase multilevel inverter, which is a common component of a smart grid. This method can be used to diagnose single, double, and triple switch failures. The detection mechanism is based on stator current analysis, with the ability to distinguish between single and numerous switching failures.
Behavior of consumer on origin of brand in automobile market
Authors: Tandon Prof. Vijay
Published: April 2022

Country of origin and consumers are of increasing importance to marketing and consumer behaviorsearches to make the company more established in the mind of the consumer from that of the factthat whether selling of cars granted to the consumer as lower cost of labor, action of transportation,parent of the company have been the main reasons for such decision new car market of origin on consumer perception and its quality the Price related consequences of country of origin have beenin this Based on their brand origin the Pattern may suggest maybe different brand provide differentthings there for the questions of consumer and wide range of brand to buy from which company provides the best service at the same time in auto mobile market consist of several types like sedans, hatchbacks, needs as a result there is wide variety of us from widened of ranges in the market structure provides a new interesting insight into the role of brand region segments of served in different products in the auto mobile market in car market consumerchoice is verified in light in Europe 50 brands from 12 different countries difference in systematic fashion among the car models based on the various ranges from high to low. The natural question is whether region and prices for cars are different in specifications as a resultand additional but also into question is how the structure of respective prices where is across different car have the purpose of this paper is to address the fundamental question not only for thecar industry but also for the aim of the paper is twofold search of the automobile market in India first one is to find a country of origin of the new carsin market controlling the infrastructure of themarket. Second battle of the face value and the beauty you see of the cars.
Sociodemographic factors, environmental, community mobility and health indicators associated with the spread of COVID-19 and case fatality rate in Indonesia: an ecological study
Authors:   Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten 42163, Indonesia, Rachmat Omat , Setyadi Sugeng ,   Department of Economics, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten 42163, Indonesia, Kustanto Andi ,   Department of Economics, Universitas Sultan Ageng Tirtayasa, Banten 42163, Indonesia
Published: April 2022

On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared COVID-19 a global pandemic due to its Case Fatality Rate (CFR) and numerous determining factors. Therefore, this study aims to identify the sociodemographic, environmental, community mobility, and health indicators associated with the pandemic and CFR. The design applied is an ecological study with data collected from 34 provinces in Indonesia and analyzed using the Spearman correlation. The results showed that independent variables such as population, density, the number of workers engaged in micro and small enterprises, hotel rooms, stroke, diabetes, general practitioners, specialists, nurses, PHC per district, PHC plus, and COVID-19 referral hospitals were positive and significant to the COVID-19 cases (p<0.01). Poverty in rural areas, elderly in rural and urban areas, sanitation, and hypertension were positive and significant to COVID-19 cases (p<0.05). Retail and recreation, grocery and pharmacy, transit stations, and residential areas were negative and significant to COVID-19 cases (p<0.01). Population growth rate, workplaces, and poverty in rural areas were negative and significant to COVID-19 cases (p<0.05). Elderly in rural and urban areas, urban slum households, immunization, and hypertension were positive and significant to CFR (p<0.05). The government needs to prevent the spread of the virus in provinces, especially in areas with high population and density, increased elderly population, low immunization rate, poor sanitation, and a significant number of residents living with comorbidities, such as stroke, hypertension, and diabetes. Furthermore, beds, tents, emergency buildings, oxygen cylinders, and multilevel referral systems between health facilities need to be provided. The government also needs to limit the inflow of people abroad, optimize the Work from Home (WFH) policy, and limit community mobility outside the home, especially in Bali.
Introduction
Authors: Loder Buechel Laura
Published: April 2022

With this issue, we hope to provide you with some new glasses with which to see materials you are working with and provide you with research to support the idea that we need to consider the messages we are promoting.
We hope you enjoy our first Open Access issue!
La biographie langagière d’adolescents bilingues:
Authors: Witko Agnes
Published: April 2022

Le présent article présente le rôle central que joue la biographie langagière pour décrire le capital langagier d’un adolescent bilingue qui présente des besoins éducatifs particuliers. Dans le cadre d’une prise en soin orthophonique, cette démarche clinique met l’accent sur l’intérêt des questionnaires parentaux pour connaître le vécu langagier d’une famille, le répertoire linguistique de l’adolescent, complété par un portrait langagier, le tout pour fixer des objectifs cliniques d’ordre développemental et sociolinguistique. Une étude auprès d’un échantillon d’orthophonistes serait très utile pour évaluer cette approche dans le cadre d’une analyse des pratiques professionnelles.
Apprentissage des langues étrangères et secondes chez l’enfant ayant des besoins particuliers : quand la diversité de profils et de contextes nous pousse à repenser le diagnostic, la formation des enseignants et l’enseignement
Authors: Ghimenton Anna , Lambelet Amelia
Published: April 2022

En fonction des sources, il est estimé qu'entre 1 et 7% des enfants ont des troubles d’acquisition du langage oral et qu’entre 5 et 10% sont atteints de troubles liés au langage écrit. En Suisse, chaque classe du niveau primaire compterait ainsi en moyenne 3 enfants ayant des besoins particuliers (dysphasie, dyslexie, dyscalculie, dyspraxie, hyperactivité, trouble de l’attention, etc.). Certains de ces enfants sont issus de l’immigration et sont confrontés à des situations qui leur posent de véritables défis quant aux apprentissages scolaires en L2 et à leur insertion sociale dans le pays d’accueil. Aux troubles langagiers s’associent alors des efforts de socialisation dans la communauté, non seulement de l’enfant mais de toute sa famille.
Dans ce numéro de Babylonia, nous proposons une réflexion sur les besoins en ce qui concerne l’apprentissage des langues étrangères et secondes des enfants ayant des troubles d’apprentissage et des troubles du langage. Ce numéro spécial appréhende ainsi la vulnérabilité à laquelle les enfants ayant des besoins particuliers sont confrontés au cours de différentes situations d’apprentissage et, plus généralement, au cours de leur socialisation. La diversité des contextes sociaux concernés par ce numéro témoigne de la pluralité de facteurs qui peuvent affecter l’enfant ayant des besoins particuliers et soulève en conséquence des questions socialement vives telles que la prise en charge thérapeutique de ces enfants, les méthodes pédagogiques adaptées à leur développement langagier ou la question des dispenses de cours de langue étrangère parfois envisagées pour certains élèves.
Secondo voi chi ha ucciso la signora Altieri?
Authors: Consoli Tessa
Published: April 2022

L’articolo si apre con una panoramica su dati e fatti relativi ai femminicidi e alla violenza di genere in Svizzera che mostra come questi fenomeni siano purtroppo di estrema attualità. In seguito viene proposta una riflessione su come la scuola dovrebbe svolgere un ruolo fondamentale nella lotta alla violenza contro le donne, sul ruolo particolare degli insegnanti di lingua straniera del livello secondario II e su come il tema della violenza di genere non venga purtroppo trattato adeguatamente né a scuola né nei manuali di italiano. Il contributo si conclude con un invito a trattare la tematica in classe e con alcune proposte didattiche per farlo.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial team of Babylonia
Published: April 2022

2021 a marqué pour Babylonia une première année en tant que revue cent pourcent en ligne et en accès-libre. Le bilan de cette expérience est pour le moins positif: Nous avons vu les lectures et téléchargements d’articles sur notre nouveau site Internet évoluer de moins de 600 en janvier à plus de 1400 en novembre, et reçu de nombreux commentaires positifs sur notre nouvelle plateforme. 
2021 a aussi marqué le lancement de notre nouvelle rubrique tri-annuelle, les amuse-bouche didactiques, qui ont rencontré un franc succès avec plus de 4500 lectures et téléchargements.
Pour 2022, nous avons le plaisir d’annoncer un partenariat avec le CeDiLE qui permettra de varier les formats d’information sur nos thématiques communes, ainsi que le transfert des 30 ans d’archives de Babylonia sur notre nouveau site pour un accès universel à cette mine de connaissances et savoir-faire engrangée sur trois décennies.
En cette fin d’année, nous tenons à remercier l’Office Fédéral de la Culture, l’Institut de plurilinguisme, ainsi que la Fondation Oertli pour leur soutien financier et administratif, mais surtout vous, chères lectrices et auteures, sans qui notre travail ne ferait aucun sens. 
Nous vous souhaitons une bonne année 2022 ainsi qu’une bonne lecture de ce numéro qui, nous l’espérons, vous donnera de nouvelles pistes de réflexions sur la représentation de chacun.e.s d’entre nous dans la langue et la société!
Unterricht in Deutsch als Zweitsprache und Kindergarten
Authors: Zingg Irène , Rothen Christina Anna
Published: April 2022

Die Sozialanthropologin Irène Zingg und die Bildungshistorikerin Christina Rothen folgen in einem Gespräch den Spuren zweier marginalisierter Bildungsberufe und fragen sich, wo wir im Jahr des 50. Jubiläums der Einführung des Frauenstimmrechtes stehen. Bis heute dominieren Frauen die frühkindliche Sprachdidaktik. Welche sozialen, sprachpolitischen Gründe und historischen Bedingungen zu dieser Dominanz im Bildungsbereich geführt haben, stellt der Beitrag vor. Die Geschlechtergeschichte ist dabei Dreh- und Angelpunkt, um auch aktuelle Themen von Lohngleichheit und Sprachhierarchien der Migrationssprachen zu diskutieren.
The role of social media in intercultural education: Some insights and recommendations
Authors: Fornara Fabrizio
Published: April 2022

Questo articolo parte dalla proposta di Byram (1997) di considerare il parlante/mediatore interculturale come obiettivo della formazione linguistica ed esplora il potenziale dei social media per lo sviluppo delle competenze interculturali degli studenti, attraverso attività didattiche di scoperta e di riflessione. Inoltre, l’articolo discute l’importanza di guidare gli studenti durante le varie fasi di queste attività e propone di partire dall’analisi di piccole unità culturali (Holliday, 1999) per meglio prepararli a comunicare e mediare in situazioni reali di contatto interculturale.
Babylonia e Fondazione Lingue e Culture: un grazie a tutti!
Authors: Ghisla Gianni
Published: April 2022

La scintilla che accese i primi entusiasmi e illuminò poi a lungo l’idea tanto di Babylonia quanto della Fondazione Lingue e Culture la si deve ad una piacevole serata in un bistrot di Parigi nel 1987. In quattro avevamo avuto la fortuna di essere delegati dall’Ufficio dell’Insegnamento medio del Canton Ticino, allora magistralmente diretto da Franco Lepori, a seguire gli “Stati Generali delle Lingue”: Clelia Paccagnino, Paolo Baiano, Brian L. Moses – che ci ha lasciati di recente – e il sottoscritto. A Clelia dobbiamo la proposta per il nome: Babylonia. Un po’ dissacrante e paradossale, un po’ avventuristico e temerario, continua tutt’oggi ad affascinare chi le lingue le ama e non intende fare concessioni al castigo della biblica torre.
Body Grammar
Authors: Waibel Saskia , Loder Buechel Laura
Published: April 2022

Language games are fantastic for introducing not-so-beloved language topics like grammar and spelling to students. The Body Grammar game, as the name implies, gets learners moving by having them stand in place and then moving as the game progresses. It is suitable for all school ages and can be used in all language subjects as the level and the degree of differentiation can be adapted to any level or language.
Tribute to Ruth Bader Ginsburg
Authors: Loder Buechel Laura
Published: April 2022

With this tribute to Ruth Bader Ginsburg, the Babylonia editorial staff would like to welcome you to our newest feature, the Amuse-bouche didactiques - Praxis-Gluschterli - Unterrichtshäppchen - spuntini didattici - buccadinas didacticas!
To start our new year with issues on Social Justice and Women’s Rights, we find it appropriate to share tried and tested lessons from the English language classroom in Zurich that could well be used in similar ways for different languages.
Group model building om de doorwerking van het vernieuwde toezicht in het onderwijs in beeld te brengen
Authors: Honingh Marlies , van Genugten Marieke , van Montfort Cor
Published: April 2022

Group model building om de doorwerking van het vernieuwde toezicht in het onderwijs in beeld te brengen

Met het vernieuwde toezicht wil de Inspectie van het Onderwijs (IvhO) besturen en scholen blijvend en nadrukkelijker stimuleren. Van onderwijsorganisaties wordt verwacht dat zij verantwoordelijkheid nemen voor de onderwijskwaliteit in hun scholen. Bij de evaluatie van het vernieuwde toezicht van de Inspectie van het Onderwijs (IvhO) hebben we een mixed methods-aanpak gehanteerd waarbij we kwantitatieve en kwalitatieve mehtoden hebben gecombineerd. Een belangrijk onderdeel van het kwalitatieve deel van het onderzoek werd gevormd door group model building (gmb), een methodiek uit de systeemdynamica. Deze methodiek maakt het mogelijk om de dynamiek die ontstaat binnen de onderwijsorganisaties als gevolg van het vernieuwde toezicht in beeld te brengen. In dit artikel geven we inzicht in de methodologische onderbouwing van het gebruik van gmb en laten we zien hoe we de uitkomsten van deze methodiek hebben gebruikt bij toetsing van de beleidstheorie achter het vernieuwde toezicht. Daarmee bieden we inzicht in de waarde en bruikbaarheid van de methode van gmb om effecten van toezicht zichtbaar te maken. De methode van group model building helpt hierbij omdat (1) deze methodiek ruimte biedt om effectiviteit breed op te vatten en mee te nemen in de analyse en (2) gmb de mogelijkheid biedt om het systeem als geheel en de onderliggende interacties in beeld te krijgen.
Effectmeting bij de Autoriteit Financiële Markten
Authors: Zijlstra Wilte , Gibbs Miriam , Ishwardat Sarwesh
Published: April 2022

Effectmeting bij de Autoriteit Financiële Markten

In deze bijdrage beschrijven de auteurs hoe de AFM effectmetingen wil stimuleren en faciliteren. Vooral de effectprijs en de module effectmeting in een interne opleiding lijken succesvol. Andere toezichthouders kunnen mogelijk leren van de ervaringen bij de AFM.
Een indringende evenredigheidstoets bij bestuurlijke maatregelen – what’s new?
Authors: de Rond Carola
Published: April 2022

Een indringende evenredigheidstoets bij bestuurlijke maatregelen – what’s new?

In drie uitspraken van 2 februari 2022 gaat de Grote Kamer van de Afdeling bestuursrechtspraak van de Raad van State in op de evenredigheidstoetsing bij discretionaire besluiten. Dat wil zeggen de wijze waarop een bestuursrechter deze besluiten toetst aan het evenredigheidsbeginsel als neergelegd in artikel 3:4 lid 2 Awb, en de indringendheid van die toetsing. Uit deze uitspraken volgt dat de evenredigheidstoetsing plaatsvindt aan de hand van een ‘glijdende schaal’, waarbij afhankelijk van de omstandigheden van het geval de intensiteit van de toetsing meer of minder groot zal zijn. De door de staatsraden gesuggereerde, standaard toe te passen driestapstoets wordt niet overgenomen, al volgt tegelijk wel uit de uitspraak dat in de praktijk vaak zal worden getoetst of het bestreden besluit noodzakelijk en/of geschikt is. In ieder geval zal worden beoordeeld of het besluit in kwestie evenwichtig is. In deze notenkraker wordt stilgestaan bij de uitspraken en enkele observaties en vragen die daarmee samenhangen. Ook worden enkele recente ontwikkelingen met betrekking tot de evenredigheidstoetsing besproken. Aan de hand daarvan wordt de (voorlopige) balans opgemaakt ten aanzien van de vraag of de uitspraken tot een andere, indringender toetsing van bestuurlijke maatregelen leiden.
The Effects of Large Classes on English Language Teaching
Authors: Abdul Samad Roshan  , Mushfiqe  , Muhammad Qasim Gurbaz  , Saifurrahman Rahmani
Published: April 2022

Large classes are one of the issues that have been dealt with in the educational sector. Limited academic staff, educational marketing and massification of higher education have all contributed to a global shift in university class sizes. This conceptual paper aims to explore the effects of large size classes on English language teaching. The paper examines the challenges regarding teaching and learning in large classes by reviewing some of the empirical evidence against large class teaching. Giving effective feedback, marking load, lack of class discipline and monitoring, timely evaluation and noise were among the main problems that hindered teaching and learning in large classes. In terms of engaging students in activities and learning, all students could not participate in the activities as well as teachers could not pay attention to every individual student. Lack of materials such as textbooks, chairs, tables, and to name a few were other constraints in large classes.
ZERO Interviews: Yunju Lee
Authors: Lee Yunju
Published: April 2022

Das Interview mit Wen Bi entstand in der Zero foundation im Rahmen des Projekts „each grows stronger when nourished by the other“ (György Kepes). Es ist Teil einer Reihe, in der die am Projekt beteiligten Künstler*innen über ihre Kunst, ihre Bezüge zur Wissenschaft sowie ihre Verbindung zu den ZERO-Künstlern berichten. Der Titel des Projekts lautet Sehen, Hören und Fühlen – Phänomene in Natur, Wissenschaft und Kunst; es ist eine Kooperation der ZERO foundation, Düsseldorf, mit dem MIT Museum Studio und der Compton Gallery des Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, MA, USA sowie der Staatlichen Kunstakademie Düsseldorf. Gefördert wird es vom Ministerium für Kultur und Wissenschaft des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen und der E.ON Stiftung gGmbH. Alle ZERO-Interviews sind Zweitveröffentlichungen und wurden zuvor auf der Website der ZERO foundation publiziert.
Social learning and literacy affordances in Animal Crossing: New Horizons
Authors: Hourdequin Peter
Published: April 2022

Animal Crossing: New Horizons offers useful opportunities for bilingual literacy development and the exploration of important social issues. This article chronicles and reflects on a parent’s journey in and around ACNH with his three children. #games4change #learningthroughplay
Tensor Domain Averaging in Diffusion Imaging of Small Animals to Generate Reliable Tractography
Authors: Yepes Zuluaga Juan , Yepes-Calderon Fernando
Published: April 2022

Testing on small animal models is roughly the only path to transfer science-based knowledge to human use. More avidly than other human organs, we study the brain through animal models due to the complexity of experimenting directly on human subjects, even at a cellular level where the skull makes tissue sampling harder than in any other organ. Thanks to recent technological advances in imaging, animals do not need to be sacrificed. Magnetic resonance, in particular, favors long-term analysis and monitoring since its methods do not perturb the organ functions nor compromise the metabolism of the animals. Neurons' integrity is now indirectly visible under specialized mechanisms that use water displacement to track static boundaries. Although these water diffusion methods have proven to be successful in detecting neuronal structure at the submillimeter scale, they yield noisy results when applied to the resolutions required by small animals or when facing low myeline contents as in neonates and young children. This manuscript presents a strategy to display neuronal trending representations that follow the corticospinal tract's pathway and neuronal integrity in small rodents. The strategy is the foundation to study human neurodegenerative diseases and neurodevelopment as well.
Status of mangroves and faunistic components in Vanishing Island, Island Garden City of Samal, Philippines
Authors: Dela Cruz Honey Dee , Del Campo Kyl Revo Czarkov , Duque Kim Justin , Elesis Jenlove Vincent , Enero Johanna Therese , Gaitano Kevin Bryan , Gamayot Laurice Glen , Labor Daryl Jhane , Mahipos Miles Estelle , Cabugsa Zarine Hermita , Dizon Raquel , Gono Exequiel Jr.
Published: April 2022

This study aimed to determine the status of the mangrove ecosystem in Island Garden City of Samal, specifically in Vanishing Island or is also known as Sanipaan Marine Park, through species composition assessment. It also aimed to discover the density, diversity, associated faunal species, and number of mangrove trees, saplings, and seedlings of different species as well as abiotic factors such as pH level and salinity. After analysis of the results, it was found that the mangrove species abundance is low; moreover, mangroves also have a very low classification of diversity, which implied that there is slim variation of species. Furthermore, the very low diversity of the faunal species also meant that there is food and habitat loss. The number of mangrove trees, saplings, and seedlings is also connected to the diversity and density, resulting in low population count. Lastly, abiotic factors also reflect to others results as the pH level is strong alkaline; salinity is of standard level that can be tolerated by trees but not by mangrove saplings and seedlings. Therefore, the mangrove ecosystem in Sanipaan Marine Park is unhealthy despite it being a marine protected area. It is recommended to plant different mangrove seedlings, periodic monitoring of these seedlings and strict implementation of city ordinances.
A non-parametric approach in assessment of operational efficiency of irrigation systems in Southern Mindanao, Philippines
Authors: Presto Rona , Murcia John Vianne
Published: April 2022

This study sought to estimate the technical efficiency of irrigation systems in Southern Mindanao Region, Philippines. In order to do so, the study assessed the relative efficiency of 108 communal irrigation systems of the five provinces in Southern Mindanao based on the combination inputs and outputs. The input-oriented data envelopment analysis via DEAP 2.1 revealed 28 irrigation systems that are fully-technically efficient as they exhibited 1.00 technical efficiency scores in both constant- and variable returns-to-scale assumptions. Among the fully efficient irrigation systems, Cebuza SIS, Cateel Integrated IS, Badagoy CIS, and Pantang CIS lead the irrigation systems that lie in the efficiency frontier. Implications were discussed.
Pawster Care: An Android-based Pet Cruelty Reporting and Adoption Application with Recommender System
Authors: Fernandez Edward Joseph , Duron Beans Heaven , Montiveles Marc Reyangel , Barbosa Charisse
Published: April 2022

This paper describes the development of Pawster Care mobile application. This app allows Davao City Veterinary Office, private organizations, and private owners in searching for their pets a potential adopter and finding a new home. Moreover, this study aimed to help implement Republic Act No. 8485, Section 6, that forbids any person to commit pet cruelty acts, by providing pet cruelty reporting module. The app has been developed for the Android platform. The researchers performed agile scrum throughout the management and development of the software. Also, the researchers utilized Item-based Collaborative Filtering implementing Pearson correlation and k-nearest neighbor algorithm to produce a list of recommended pets for adoption for each user. The app described in this work was tested by a representative from the Davao City Veterinary Office, pet owners, and potential pet adopters. Results from this study show that the app can help the agency or private individuals find for their pet a potential adopter. Moreover, app user can easily report pet cruelty. The app can be further improved by adding the following features: real-time chat, location auto-complete when submitting a report, and improve the prediction accuracy of recommender systems using other data mining techniques.
Dimensions of service quality of multipurpose cooperatives in Southern Mindanao Region, Philippines: A multivariate approach
Authors: Impas Rolly , Murcia John Vianne , Abellanosa Gaudencio
Published: April 2022

The study endeavored to identify the measures of service quality of multipurpose cooperatives in Digos City. The study followed a sequential exploratory design implemented using survey method involving 367 active members of multi-purpose cooperatives (response rate of 91.75%) responding on a 48-item scale of developed service quality. In analyzing the data, exploratory factor analysis was used with principal components analysis to extract the number of dimensions. Results revealed four measures can be extracted from the 48 items submitted for exploratory factor analysis, named as accommodation and reliability, assurance and empathy, accessibility, and service efficiency. Implications on the utility of the framework developed from the analysis were discussed, as well as the context and applicability of the measures for other institutions.
Analysis of the Relationship Between Regulation
Disorders of Sensory Processing (RDSP) and the Development of the Gait Function and Motor Learning Processes in Children and Adolescents with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bagrowski Bartosz , Kraśny Joanna , Jóźwiak Marek
Published: April 2022

1. These results correlate with the outcomes of other studies on the relationship between sensory impairment and motor skills. 2. The study may contribute to the identification of more predictors of the effectiveness of rehabilitation of patients with CP, which can be used in the longer term to forecast the effects of therapy and the development of personalized medicine, as manifested in comprehensive therapeutic approaches (e.g. supplemented with sensory integration therapy).
Thermal Stability Analysis and Design for Electrical Product in Short-Circuit Fault
Authors: Hao Jing , Zhou Jungang , Wang Yachao
Published: April 2022

In short-circuit faults, the thermal stability of the metal conductor is an important factor for electrical products, which directly affects the safe use of the products. Because it is dangerous to test the thermal stability under short circuit, it is difficult to obtain the required power supply in a conventional laboratory, so at present, the research on thermal stability is mostly based on the theoretical analysis of the finite element method. In this paper, a short-circuit fault is studied. The short-time withstand current test is adopted, in which the current and time can be controlled. First, the results compare three formulas for calculating the current density and verify them. The temperature and current variation of the conductor are calculated and tested. The theoretical results are compared with the experimental results, and the current variation model I is established. Then, the short-time withstand current test is carried out to verify the theoretical calculation, and model II is designed, which is a modification of model I. Finally, a product design method is proposed and verified by experiments. This basic research is the verification test of the theoretical literature, and the research results can be applied to the design of electrical products under short-circuit fault.
Big Data in Vehicular Cloud Computing: Review, Taxonomy, and Security Challenges
Authors: Alsayfi Majed S. , Dahab Mohamed Y. , Eassa Fathy E. , Salama Reda , Haridi Seif , Al-Ghamdi Abdullah S.
Published: April 2022

Modern vehicles equipped with various smart sensors have become a means of transportation and have become a means of collecting, creating, computing, processing, and transferring data while traveling through modern and rural cities. A traditional vehicular ad hoc network (VANET) cannot handle the enormous and complex data that are collected by modern vehicle sensors (e.g., cameras, lidar, and global positioning systems (GPS)) because they require rapid processing, analysis, management, storage, and uploading to trusted national authorities. Furthermore, the integrated VANET with cloud computing presents a new concept, vehicular cloud computing (VCC), which overcomes the limitations of VANET, brings new services and applications to vehicular networks, and generates a massive amount of data compared to the data collected by individual vehicles alone. Therefore, this study explored the importance of big data in VCC. First, we provide an overview of traditional vehicular networks and their limitations. Then we investigate the relationship between VCC and big data, fundamentally focusing on how VCC can generate, transmit, store, upload, and process big data to share it among vehicles on the road. Subsequently, a new taxonomy of big data in VCC was presented. Finally, the security challenges in big data-based VCCs are discussed.
Auswirkungen von Corona auf das Schulleben – Ein Rechtsprechungsreport 2021
Authors: Hassan Paiman El , Gloßner Anna , Löbbert Friederike
Published: April 2022

Der Beitrag führt die im letzten Jahr begonnene Rechtsprechungsübersicht zum Thema Corona-Virus und Schulbetrieb für das Jahr 2021 fort. Die Gerichte hatten sich unter anderem mit dem Wechsel zwischen Distanz- und Präsenzunterricht, Masken- und Testpflichten sowie Zuständigkeitsfragen zu beschäftigen. Große Beachtung fand die im November ergangene Grundsatzentscheidung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts.
Arzneimittelausgabenregulierung der GKV am Scheideweg
Authors: Fetzer Stefan , Neye Holger
Published: April 2022

Mit dem Beitrag „Effizienz erfordert Transparenz - Die Arzneimittelausgabenregulierung der GKV auf dem Prüfstand“ in Heft 1/2022 der GuS haben die Autoren Redundanzen und Widersprüchlichkeiten der bestehenden Arzneimittelausgabenregulierung aufgezeigt. Im Folgebeitrag skizzieren sie Vorschläge zur wesentlichen Vereinfachung der Regulierung der Arzneimittelausgaben. Ein Vorschlag sieht die Selbstverwaltungspartner als wesentliche Akteure bei der Umsetzung. Der zweite Ansatz sieht mehr Gestaltungsoptionen und Verantwortung für die einzelnen Krankenkassen vor.
Legal Representative in the Proceedings of Gathering E-evidence under European Production Order – de lege lata Remarks and de lege ferenda Postulates
Authors: Sarkowicz Justyna
Published: April 2022

The subject of this article is cross-border electronic evidence gathering. First, the process of recognition and execution of the European Production Order will be examined, followed by the process of non-execution of the European Production Order and the consequences of the above-mentioned non-execution. The entire work will be analyzed in the context of the executing authority which is the legal representative of the service provider. Analysis of the deficiencies of the above-mentioned processes in light of the threats to the rights of the suspect / accused will play a key role.
Detention Conditions in the Issuing Member State as a Ground for Non-Execution of the European Arrest Warrant: State of Play and Challenges Ahead
Authors: Weyembergh Anne , Pinelli Lucas
Published: April 2022

In its Aranyosi and Căldăraru judgment, the Court of Justice of the EU (CJEU) recognized explicitly for the first time the possibility for executing judicial authorities to deny the execution of European Arrest Warrants (EAWs) when there is a risk of breach of the requested person’s fundamental rights in the issuing Member State, more specifically, a risk relating to inhuman or degrading treatment because of the detention conditions. Two subsequent CJEU judgments brought complementary clarifications in this respect. These decisions have been welcomed as they have helped define the limits of the principle of mutual trust and finding a fair balance between the effectiveness of judicial cooperation in criminal matters and the protection of fundamental rights. However, they have also posed crucial challenges in EAW proceedings. Indeed, the CJEU’s Aranyosi and Căldăraru case-law raised for instance concerns as to the exact scope of this new ground for non-execution of EAWs and the risk of variable geometry in its implementation because of the wide margin of manoeuvre left to the competent national authorities. This article highlights those and other challenges and investigates whether there is a need for further EU action in the field. It defends the view that various EU interventions of a non-legislative nature are necessary but it calls also for a reflection on EU legislative actions, especially defining minimum standards in the field of detention conditions.
Concerns Regarding the Rule of Law as a Ground for Non-execution of the European Arrest Warrant: Suggestions for a Reform
Authors: Zimmermann Frank
Published: April 2022

The judicial reforms in Poland, which are harshly and continuously criticised as undermining the independence of Polish courts, have brought the principle of mutual recognition and the European arrest warrant (EAW) to its limits. These unprecedented challenges to the rule of law have made it necessary to create an extraordinary ground for non-execution of EAWs issued by Polish authorities. However, the pertinent jurisprudence of the Court of Justice in Luxemburg (case C-216/18 PPU and follow-up decisions) is not fully convincing, particularly in the light of two recent judgments by the Polish Constitutional Tribunal. For that reason, a more far-reaching legislative reform of the EAW is urgently needed.
The Council conclusions ‘The European arrest warrant and extradition procedures – current challenges and the way forward’
Authors: Riegel Ralf , Sonntag Marc
Published: April 2022

On 1 December 2020, the Council of the European Union has adopted conclusions on ‘the European arrest warrant and extradition procedures - current challenges and the way forward’. They represent the Council’s response to the ongoing debate on the future of the Framework Decision on the European arrest warrant. While the European arrest warrant is commonly regarded as a success story, several issues have emerged in recent years that weaken mutual trust and pose obstacles to the smooth functioning of surrender procedures. This article sets out the legal and political context that shaped the debate in the Council during the German Presidency. It highlights the main challenges identified in the conclusions as well as the Council’s proposals to master them. In addition, the authors analyse the developments that have taken place since 1 December 2020 and, in particular, the efforts that have been made to implement the measures called for in the Council conclusions.
Gegenbegriffe, Dichotomien und Alternativen in der Jurisprudenz
Authors: Röhl Klaus F.
Published: April 2022

Postmodernism has discredited thinking and arguing with dichotomies. Especially since the great dichotomies of object and subject, body and mind, being and ought are obsolete to it. Against this background, a critique of law and jurisprudence grew that presents itself as a “debunking” of false dichotomies. In jurisprudence, however, work with counter-concepts (antonyms) is ubiquitous and indispensable. Antonyms are heuristically and didactically valuable. They help jurisprudence to develop its specific capacity for distinction and they keep the law capable of decision-making. From a social-psychological point of view, dichotomies develop a considerable momentum of their own. However, this is not already rooted in the operation of concept formation as such, but follows from the attractiveness of dualisms for the cognitive system. Initial asymmetries, however formed, are reinforced or even generalised through socio-practice. Such an asymmetry is still associated with the opposition of man and woman. More important today, however, is the opposition of normal and abnormal with regard to disabled and queer people. In both cases, the opposition marks a minority. In both cases, social science with constructivist arguments offers a solution that explains the discriminatory marking as a contingent social attribution and wants to eliminate it as such. But the attempt to defuse the “dilemma of difference” by interpreting difference as such away remains a stopgap solution. The empirical phenomenon of normality demands the renunciation of dichotomies, but not of simple antonyms.
VARIABILITY OF L261 IN M 13
Authors: Violat-Bordonau Francisco
Published: April 2022

After the discovery in April 2021 of the variability of the star L199 (now V63), belonging to the globular cluster Messier 13 (NGC 6205), between June and October 2021, we have studied twenty of the brightest stars, excluding the well-known red giant variables: surprisingly a good part of them shows some degree of variability in the range 0.05-0.25 magnitude in V band. In this work, we present light curves, average magnitudes, periods and amplitudes of the star L261 (2MASS J16413476+3627596), a red giant star located in the cluster, that we have studied using the CCD images obtained in the campaigns of 2019, 2020 and 2021, which we have joined the photometric measurements obtained by Osborn & Fuenmayor (1977), Kopacki et al. (2003), Deras et al. (2019) and ASAS-SN (from 2018 to 2021). The results suggest that this moderately bright star (average magnitude in 2021: 12.206 ± 0.027 V) is multiperiodic. It has at least two periods of different length which modulates its light curve over time: a period of variable duration (31 ± 5 days: between 26 and 36 days according to the campaign) joins another shorter (4.8 to 7.6 days) very marked in all the data sets used. With this discovery, Messier 13 now has 64 confirmed variable stars.
NEW CMOS PHOTOMETRY AND ARCHIVAL PHOTOGRAPHIC OBSERVATIONS OF THE W UMA STAR V752 CEN: EXTENDING THE O-C RECORD OF PERIOD CHANGES
Authors: Innis John , Coates Denis
Published: April 2022

We present new CMOS Bayer g-band photometry of the southern W UMa star V752 Cen, presenting two new times of primary minimum, and use archival photographic photometry from the Bamberg Sky Survey (mid 1960s) and the Harvard plate collection (∼1890 to 1990) to extend the O-C diagram back in time to ∼1900. Earlier authors have reported a constant period from the earliest published photometry in 1970 to about the year 2000, when a sudden change occurred to an increasing period. The archival photographic record presented here indicates the period was effectively constant back to 1900. Our 2020 data are also consistent with reported period increase. The V752 Cen system is known from earlier work to be a W UMa binary orbiting a lower mass spectroscopic binary. Our preliminary calculations, based on the reported centre-of-mass velocity change of the W UMa binary, suggest the wide orbit may have a period near 245 d, and could give rise to a light-travel time-effect of order 0.02 d. This does not however appear to be consistent with the SuperWASP photometric O-C results. Hence we suggest that considerable uncertainty exists concerning the properties of the wide orbit.