PECULIARITIES OF THE PSYCHOLOGICAL SCHOOL IN LITERATURE AND LINGUISTICS AT THE XX CENTURY
Authors: Liubetska Viktoriia 
Published: January 2023

Summary. The development history and peculiarities of the psychological school in literature and linguistics at the 20th century acquires a new meaning and is updated in our time. Modern social circumstances create a need for a modern interpretation of domestic psychological thought the formation of the psychological school at the 20th century and its development at the 21st century. The problem of understanding social, cultural, political and ethnic aspects is particularly relevant, as a source base for elucidating many factors in the psychological thought formation, revealing the dynamics of ethnogenesis, the process of mental reality subjects self-awareness. Psychological knowledge, reinterpreted by a researcher of the history of psychology, makes it possible to choose the right vector in understanding the polyphony of the modern psychological paradigm. The purpose of the article is to consider the significant contribution of psychological school representatives, who focused their attention on the study of artistic creativity and language from the point of view of the psychological component and eidos. The main goals of the article are: to consider the theory of imagery of O. O. Potebnya and thorough works of his followers; to determine the influence of the psychological school on the development of philological science. To reach goals set in the work few methods were used: information analysis method, synthesis method, descriptive method. The methodological basis of the study is the basic literature provisions of the eidos theory. In domestic literary studies, the theoretical foundations of the psychological school were laid by the works of O. O. Potebny (the theory of the «inner form of the word» and the «inner form of art» – the work «Thought and Language»). D. M. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky and L. S. Vygotsky are considered the most outstanding followers of O. O. Potebnya. Under the influence of the works of O. O. Potebnya, D. M. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky developed a persistent desire to approach any phenomenon of language and literature in order to reveal its psychological essence. The psychological method with a sociological orientation becomes the main one in the literary activity of D. M. Ovsyaniko-Kulikovsky. «Cultural-historical theory», developed by L. S. Vygotsky, became one of the most important theories formed in the 1920s and 1930s. L. S. Vygotsky reflects on the specifics of the inner, mental world of a person, defines the mechanisms of its formation, distinguishes two levels of mental functions – natural and higher. Natural functions characterize a person as a natural being, and higher mental functions are mediated – this is imagination, purposeful thinking, etc. Conclusions. The psychological school is of inescapable importance for the development of modern literary studies and language. It is indisputable that turning to the problems of language and thinking, to the theory of artistic imagery, to the psychology of creativity and the perception of artistic works in the study of the historical-literary process contributed to the development of philological science.