bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Narrative Review on the Anti-genotoxic Potential of Medicinal Plants in Ayurveda
Authors:   PhD Scholar, Dept. of Dravyagunavijnana, Institute of Teaching and Research in Ayurveda, Institute of National Importance, Jamnagar, Gujarat, India, Raj Asha S
Published: May 2023

Genotoxicity is the capacity of drugs to induce DNA damage by chemically modifying either the structure or the sequence of nucleotides. This is most commonly experienced in lifestyle disorders as the medication in these conditions requires long-term administration. As per the WHO’s current status, 74% of the current deaths in a year are due to lifestyle disorders. Traditional plant-based medicines play a major role in the prevention of a few communicable diseases. Apart from the prevention of disease, they provide a protective effect against the ill effects induced by oxidative stress due to diet and regimes. The current review contains articles from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases from October 2021 – September 2022 by searching keywords including “anti-genotoxicity” or “mutagenicity” or “anti-mutagenicity” and “in vitro” or “in vivo” and “plants” or “medicinal plants”. After review, 45 articles were included, which contained information about 38 plants. This article rationalises the long-term usage of medicinal plants in treating various health conditions.
Evaluation of the Criteria and Attribute of Public Transport Services of Kathmandu using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP)
Authors:   Safe & Sustainable Travel Nepal (SSTN), Kathmandu, Nepal, Tiwari Hemant
Published: May 2023

This paper depicts the different criteria and attributes of various public transport services that run in Kathmandu. Buckley’s fuzzy-AHP method was used to determine the weights of criteria. Twenty Experts, who include Multi Stakeholders from Policy Makers to Researchers to Academicians to Advocates, were consulted to evaluate the criteria to construct pairwise comparison matrix. An overall ranking of the Hierarchy priorities of criteria and attribute was a result of this AHP analysis. The result of the research is weightage for each criterion and its respective attributes. From the analysis, criteria “Safety of Vehicles” has gained the highest weightage. The criteria and attributes will be used as elements to improve the user’s satisfaction of the Public Transport.
Client’s Perception of Contractors’ Performance: A Case Study on Residential Building Construction Work at Pokhara Metropolitan City
Authors:   School of Engineering, Pokhara University, Nepal, Banstola Prabin
Published: May 2023

The construction industry is one of the major aspects that support and has a significant impact on the global economy, but it is not growing as other global industries when it comes to client satisfaction issues. Nepal is, therefore, not an exception to this situation. This study examined how clients perceived local contractors’ performance in the construction of residential buildings in Pokhara, Nepal. The main aim of this study was to analyse the degree to which clients were satisfied with the building projects that local contractors completed in Pokhara. In this study, a questionnaire was created after consulting with experts, consultants, literature review, questionnaires were provided to clients. Based on the relative importance index the collected data were statistically analysed to determine how satisfied clients were with local contractors’ performance. The results indicated that clients considered local contractors’ performance in the construction of residential buildings fell short of their expectations. The following aspects of the adopted groups caused the most dissatisfaction: the ability to contribute to project brief development, site supervisor, planning and scheduling jobs, minimizing waste, efforts made by the contractor to meet specifications, personal protective equipment, labour motivation and employee devotion to contractors’ aims, deep interest in the issues and considering them as essential requests, acceptance of the client’s claims and the ability to handle variances. Finally, it was determined that the various parties needed to communicate with one another more effectively to create a better working atmosphere that increases levels of satisfaction for clients. Furthermore, common understanding and cooperation must prevail and the contractors must enhance their practices and procedures.
Analysis of digital humanistic knowledge production based on natural language processing
Authors: Pan Liurong , Alshalabi Riyad , Li Pingfen , Naminse Eric Yaw , Tan Fuqiang
Published: May 2023

Digital humanistic knowledge production emphasises the importance of a strong knowledge production community and differentiates from traditional knowledge production models, which include aspects such as online and cooperative knowledge development. The digital humanities knowledge production community model is already widely acknowledged. However, the features and characteristics of digital humanistic knowledge production under natural language processing are controversial. This research presents a wordVEA digital humanistic knowledge production feature mining approach based on a word2vec and variational self-encoder (VAE). The knowledge production characteristics of digital humanistic are primarily defined by the coexistence of a knowledge production structure and boundary blurring, as well as interdisciplinary collaboration thematic cohesiveness and broad horizon, as determined by the research results which effectively address the question of the characteristics of digital humanistic knowledge production through application of the word VAE method.
Effects of Dietary Supplementation of Peppermint Extract on Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, Liver and Intestine Histopathology of Cyprinus carpio
Authors: Baghalian Ali , Shahsavani Davar , Roshanak Sahar , Alidadi Soodeh , Paolucci Marina , Motlagh Hamidreza Ahmaniaye
Published: May 2023

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Mentha piperita methanolic extract (MPE) on Cyprinus carpio intestinal microbiota, including total microorganisms gram-negative bacteria, lactic acid bacteria, and fungi count. Liver and intestinal histopathology, and the activity of liver enzymes, were also used to evaluate the possible side effects of MPE. A total of 96 healthy C. carpio fries (76.76±20.26 g) were allocated to four treatment groups with three replications in a completely randomized design. The fries were fed with diets containing 0, 0.5, 1, and 2% extract for 56 days at the rate of 2% of body weight during the experiment. Results showed a significant decrease in total microorganisms, enteric gram-negative bacteria, and total fungi counts (p<0.05). The total lactic acid bacteria count in 0.5% treatment was significantly lower than in control and 2% treated fish (P<0.05). MPE did not affect AST, leading to a significant increase in ALT levels. Simultaneously, ALP represented significantly higher activity in the control group (P>0.05). Microscopic findings revealed marked lesions, including congestion and cell degeneration in the livers of the three groups of fish fed with the extract. The intestinal folds were shortened and blunted in the treatment groups. Furthermore, the intestinal mucosa was necrotic, and the lamina propria was significantly thickened with mononuclear inflammatory cells (P<0.05). Although MPE significantly affects intestinal microbiota, its consumption at 2% is not recommended for C. carpio due to the lesions made in the liver and intestine.
Biofloc technology and cockroach (Nauphoeta cinerea) insect meal-based diet for Nile tilapia: zootechnical performance, proximate composition and bacterial profile
Authors: Tubin Jiovani Sergio Bee , Gutiérrez Sthephaniee Maya , Monroy-Dosta Maria del Carmen , Khanjani Mohammad Hossein , Emerenciano Maurício Gustavo Coelho
Published: May 2023

Different inclusion levels of cockroach meal Nauphoeta cinerea (CM) were investigated in diets for tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) reared in biofloc systems in substitution of the soybean meal. Five treatments were evaluated (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20% of CM inclusion) using three experimental units per treatment. The experiment lasted for five weeks with units stocked with 10 juveniles (3.00±0.25 g) per replicate. Water quality, zootechnical performance, bacteriological profile, and proximate composition were analyzed and monitored. Zootechnical data was submitted to a regression analysis up to second order. No differences were verified regarding feed conversion, survival and productivity. The CM presented high protein levels (66.84%), high estimated gross energy (5270 kcal kg−1), low lipids (6.07%) and mainly long-chain saturated fatty acids. Different bacteriological profiles were identified including species which may be potentially pathogenic and responsible for degrading organic matter. The overall results indicated that it is possible to include CM up to 10% in diets for tilapia juveniles raised in biofloc systems.
Turnover in EU Monetary Policy in a Crisis
Authors: Lebedeva Larysa , Shkuropadska Diana
Published: May 2023

The role of monetary policy has become increasingly important in recent years, as a range of economic challenges have emerged, affecting both developing and economically advanced countries. The aim of this article is to examine the shift in the monetary policy of the EU, which has been expressed through changes in the tools used by the European Central Bank (ECB), and to consider the causes and economic implications of this shift. The descriptive analytical method was used to achieve this goal. The study identified that the aim of the ECB’s interest rate increases was primarily to slow down core inflation rates. The ECB has raised the refinancing rate from 0.5% to 2.5% in 2022 and halted asset purchase programs, such as the Pandemic Emergency Purchase Programme, which had previously stimulated liquidity growth. Despite these changes, forward guidance has been maintained as a useful tool for providing clarity and certainty to financial markets and the public about the future path of monetary policy. It is concluded in the study that the impact of the shift towards contractionary monetary policy is likely to be felt across a range of economic sectors, with higher borrowing costs potentially leading to reduced investment and lower levels of economic growth.
Business Model Innovation in the German Industry: Case Studies from the Railway, Manufacturing and Construction Sectors
Authors: Winter Johannes
Published: May 2023

For a long time, the business activities of industrial companies in mechanical engineering, plant construction or the automotive industry focused on products and product-related services. Digital pioneers have refined these products such as machinery, equipment, and devices with data-driven services, which they make available worldwide via digital platforms. This emerging trend influences existing and future business models of all companies. This transition from product-related, single-sided markets to platform markets is characteristic of the digital age. The speed at which business models must change continues to be underestimated by many market participants, especially when order books are well filled and the pressure to change appears to be low. Industrial and service companies need to adapt to the changes induced by new market players to secure future business success and remain competitive in the digital age. The aim of this article is to intensify the debate on digital business models in the industry by providing practical examples of business model innovations in three industries.
Designing a system of control over management reporting indicators
Authors: KLYCHOVA Guzaliya S. , BAGAEV Il'ya V. , POPLAUKHINA Tat'yana D.
Published: May 2023

Subject. This article analyzes the system of monitoring of the reliability of management indicators at various stages of their formation.
Objectives. The article aims to systematize and summarize knowledge about the features of developing a system control of management reporting indicators.
Methods. For the study, we used a dialectical approach, observation, synthesis of disparate information, analysis of the results obtained, and accounting methods. Statutory acts on accounting legislation, scholarly works of Russian and foreign scientists on management accounting and reporting served as the information base of the study.
Results. The article reveals the problem of replacing the control of the reliability of indicators of management reports with the control of the effectiveness of activities, carried out by comparing the indicators. It describes the stages of arranging control at the enterprise and offers recommendations for their implementation, taking into account the management goals of management. The article also substantiates the possibility of strengthening control over the reliability of management data in the context of the development of digital technologies.
Conclusions. Accounting methods should be applied based on the context of management objectives. Internal control procedures should be carried out within the management subsystem.
El título primordial de los naturales de San Juan Zitácuaro. Instrumento de ejercicio territorial
Authors: Venegas Pérez Ysmael , Urquijo Torres Pedro Sergio
Published: May 2023

En 1730 los naturales de San Juan Zitácuaro solicitaron al escribano de la capital novohispana, un testimonio de los títulos de sus tierras, en los que la fundación de su pueblo se fechaba en el improbable año de 1519. El documento, elaborado con las características propias de los títulos primordiales, presenta personajes, exhortaciones y hechos del pasado entrelazados con su presente. Más allá de las imprecisiones históricas, en una lectura detallada se aprecia una forma discursiva de poder político con el cual fundamentaron su legítimo derecho a las tierras y aguas, la demarcación del espacio geográfico y el control de las relaciones sociales. Entre sus argumentos estuvieron la protección divina, los acuerdos para el ejercicio de gobierno, la historia común, la intervención decidida de los antecesores y el principio del merecimiento. El testimonio se pidió en un momento en el que los pueblos sujetos iniciaban su proceso de separación y cuando la villa de españoles y mestizos crecía al interior del pueblo cabecera. La información resulta pertinente, pues contribuye al reconocimiento territorial e histórico del oriente michoacano, en el centro occidente de México, donde actualmente habitan poblaciones originarias que proponen la autodeterminación.
Investigación Acción Participativa y cambio climático en territorios indígenas de la Huasteca hidalguense
Authors: Bautista Jorge Dolores
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar los impactos específicos del cambio climático en la Huasteca hidalguense, una región indígena del estado de Hidalgo que, según el Programa Estatal de Acción para el Cambio Climático (Otazo, 2011), será la más afectada en los rubros de aumento de temperatura, disponibilidad de agua, producción de alimentos y salud en la década 2020-2030. Para obtener la información se llevó a cabo un proceso de Investigación Acción Participativa (IAP) que culminó con la realización del “Foro Regional Agua, Biodiversidad y Cambio Climático en la Huasteca Hidalguense” y del taller “Pasado, presente y futuro de nuestro territorio”. A través de dichas actividades se comprobó que, desde los años 80 del siglo pasado, tres ejidos del municipio de Atlapexco han experimentado una serie de impactos endógenos y exógenos que impactan en la disponibilidad de agua, el saneamiento, el deterioro de los recursos naturales y el aumento de las temperaturas.
La irrupción inesperada de la pandemia de Covid 19 implicó dificultades para incidir en la elaboración de medidas colaborativas entre distintos actores para actuar ante las incidencias de este fenómeno. A pesar de lo anterior, se concluye que es necesario impulsar procesos de IAP para fortalecer la infraestructura hídrica en territorios indígenas altamente vulnerables al cambio climático, con la finalidad de construir soluciones participativas a las problemáticas identificadas.
Espacios autónomos y autogestión comunitaria en la sierra sur de Oaxaca
Authors: Castillo Farjat Luis Alfonso
Published: May 2023

Por toda América Latina, particularmente en México, emergen procesos que proponen la autonomía como forma de resistencia frente al Estado y al capital. Pueblos, comunidades y organizaciones indígenas han retomado la bandera autonomista para sostener su existencia. Aquí buscamos analizar desde un caso concreto la producción espacial generada desde los proyectos autónomos y las disputas históricas materializadas geográficamente. Ello nos permitió observar el desarrollo de la producción espacial en la zona de estudio, mostrando al despojo como el hilo conductor de las relaciones sociales. Consideramos que la espacialidad generada en las economías dependientes muestra el alto nivel de conflicto que ha determinado las condiciones de vida de las personas. Creemos que la propuesta teórico conceptual aquí utilizada puede ampliarse y ser desarrollada para el análisis de otras experiencias similares de producciones espaciales contrahegemónicas.
El tianguis de cambio de Pátzcuaro desde la producción social del espacio
Authors: Arellanes-Cancino Yaayé , Kieffer Maxime
Published: May 2023

El objetivo de este trabajo es realizar una aproximación analítica al tianguis de cambio de Pátzcuaro desde la producción del espacio. Partiendo de la propuesta de Lefebvre (2013), la tríada de la producción del espacio consiste en el espacio percibido, el concebido y el vivido, así como en los elementos que los vinculan. La investigación parte de información etnográfica obtenida a través de la observación participante, recorridos y entrevistas efectuadas entre el 2013 y el 2022 a personas que asiduamente intercambiaban productos en el tianguis. Gracias a ello fue posible diferenciar el espacio percibido desde el espacio físico; el concebido a partir de las reglas económicas políticas y administrativas de la región; y el vivido desde el espacio del imaginario colectivo y la experiencia de generaciones al que denominan “el cambio” (el espacio del trueque). Esto sin perder de vista que las prácticas en el tianguis son de carácter social y simbólico, y remiten a una actividad económica específica bajo una tensión sociopolítica constante.
Esta aproximación se formula sobre aspectos concretos, por lo que existe un área de oportunidad al ahondar en la complejidad de la producción del espacio. Aunque dicho tianguis ha sido ampliamente estudiado, esta propuesta permite revisarlo con otros lentes teóricos que le otorgan relevancia como parte de un territorio culturalmente construido en términos de la experiencia, el imaginario simbólico y la solidaridad entre los asistentes que son parte del pueblo Purépecha.
Exploring the Impact of Quality Education Management on Pupils’ Academic Performance. A Case Study of Basic Schools in Ghana
Authors: Donkoh Ruth , Lee Wing On , Donkor Josephine , Twerefoo Portia Oware , Boateng Solomon A. , Akotey Martin Kudwo
Published: May 2023

Generally, research on educational management omits its impact on pupils’ academic performance in basic schools. This research fills this gap by assessing the effect of quality education management functions on the academic performance of pupils in government basic schools in Ghana. A questionnaire was used to obtain data from headteachers, teachers, pupils, and the Parents’ and Teacher Association, totalling 240 respondents from 15 schools in Accra-Ghana. The findings indicated that teachers’ effort has the highest impact on pupils’ academic performance among all the managerial function variables in the research. The research recommends that the Ghana government and educational stakeholders emulate Singapore’s system of teacher development, which has enabled them to achieve educational excellence acknowledged across the globe.
FINANCIAL MARKET AS A DRIVER OF GLOBALIZING CHANGES AND ITS CORRELATION WITH THE LEVEL OF FINANCIAL SECURITY
Authors: Onyshko Svitlana , Bohrinovtseva Liudmyla
Published: May 2023

The study focuses on the lack of effective implementation in connecting financial security and the functioning of the financial market, which leads to potential losses in solving socio-economic problems. To comprehensively consider the set of determinants that form the general course of development of financial security and the financial market, the special role of globalization is indicated. Globalization has a deep impact on world social relations and occupies an important and decisive place in solving major problems of national security. At the same time, the role of the financial market as a driver of globalization processes dictates the need for practical implementation of fundamental foundations and changes in the organization of the financial market related to globalization. The financial market has an inherent system-forming function regarding the financial system, and its integration into the financial space indicates its ability to contribute to or pose a threat to the stability of the financial system and the strengthening of financial security. It is argued that discovering ways to accumulate the potential of both spheres is associated with the opening of additional access within the financial market to organic sources of strengthening financial security, in addition to mechanical sources. Mechanical sources are characteristic of financial security and the financial market in the plane of relatively isolated systems, while organic sources are actively generated by horizontal links within the bounds of alternative ways of development of the financial market and financial security. It is emphasized that the conceptual transformation of relations in the "financial security – financial market" chain lies in the plane of dialectical interaction between them, based on the controlled integration of their strategic goals and potential. This transformation actively affects the functional and organizational models of financial security and financial market functioning, contributing to the overall transformation of their development mechanism from the currently prevailing mobilization one into an innovative one that asserts the advanced characteristics of development by activating intensive sources.
RISK MANAGEMENT OF ENTERPRISES OF TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES OF UKRAINE IN THE CONDITIONS OF FULL-SCALE WAR
Authors: Kharchuk Yulia , Kharchuk Alexander , Dziurakh Yurii
Published: May 2023

The article clarifies the essence and outlines the role of risk management of enterprises of territorial communities of Ukraine in conditions of full-scale war. The authors considered the essence of the concept of «risk», compared the main features of the old and new paradigms of enterprise risk management, in particular: fragmented and integrated, special and continuous, limited and extended risk management. The regulatory and legal framework for the functioning and development of territorial communities and their enterprises, ensuring the restoration of regions and territories affected by armed aggression against Ukraine is specified. The ranking of the regions of Ukraine by the number of active enterprises was carried out, taking into account the distribution of territorial communities by region. The dynamics of business registrations in the regions of Ukraine during the full-scale war were analyzed. Areas of application of risk management of enterprises of territorial communities are highlighted. The relationship between the level of development of territorial communities and the quality of risk management of their enterprises, taking into account limiting endogenous and exogenous factors, was revealed. The need to ensure the rationality of making effective management decisions based on reliable and relevant information is substantiated. The stages of risk management at enterprises are considered: definition of the concept; development and approval of the risk management algorithm; participation of senior management in risk management; establishment of those responsible for the organization and implementation of risk management at the enterprise; identification of risks; risk analysis; risk assessment; adoption and implementation of a risky management decision; monitoring of the risk management process. Ways to improve the organization and implementation of risk management of the enterprises of the territorial communities of Ukraine, taking into account the peculiarities of their functioning in the conditions of a full-scale war, are proposed. Areas of strengthening the competitive advantages of territorial communities based on the effective use of their resource potential and ensuring high-quality risk management are highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the expediency of observing the main stages of enterprise risk management with constant monitoring of the implementation of planned tactical and strategic measures and ensuring the development of Ukraine's regions.
BANK SAVINGS OF HOUSEHOLDS: STRUCTURE, DYNAMICS, TRENDS DURING CRISIS STATES OF UKRAINE'S ECONOMY
Authors: Bereslavska Olena , Kozii Nataliia
Published: May 2023

The article is devoted to the issues assessing the state household bank savings during the crisis states of the Ukrainian economy, which were observed in 2008-2009, 2014-2016, and 2020-2022 and were caused by various reasons. Based on the analysis the structure bank savings, their types, dynamics and trends, it was concluded that the savings behavior of households had multidirectional vectors. In particular, during the crisis states the economy in 2009, 2014-2016, 2020-2021, household savings in the national currency had a downward trend, while in foreign currency – an increasing trend. The overflow of savings from national currency to foreign currency proves the existence high devaluation expectations during the crises observed in Ukraine. The assessment the structure household savings during the analyzed period showed that the lion's share of deposits in their total volume belongs to short-term deposits “on demand”, which in the current year has a growing tendency. Such a trend is threatening and carries potential risks for the stability the exchange rate dynamics of the hryvnia and the reduction of inflation rates in Ukraine. Low interest rates on longer-term household deposits and low trust in banks during economic crises are among the main reasons for this trend. It was determined that certain factors affect the saving behavior and motivation of households during economic crises, including the presence of asymmetric information, which does not make it possible to make an informed decision; insufficient level of financial literacy; the advantage of investing in foreign currency; accumulation of funds outside the banking system in various assets. It is emphasized that household savings have active and passive forms. Active savings are an investment potential for their owners and the state as a whole. Passive savings in conditions of economic growth are a factor inhibition of macroeconomic development and a lost opportunity for the country. Restoration of economic growth requires large amounts investment, the source which in any country is domestic savings.
Effect of year of cultivation on the oil content and fatty acid composition of chia seeds (Salvia hispanica L.) grown in France
Authors: Gravé Gwendoline , Mouloungui Zephirin , Cerny Muriel , Lacroux Éric , Fabre Jean-François , Valentin Romain , Merah Othmane
Published: May 2023

Description of the subject. Spanish sage or chia (Salvia hispanica) has attracted increasing interest over the last decade due to the composition of its seeds. It is now cultivated in several European countries. Objectives. The aims of this study were to investigate the oil content and composition of seeds from chia cultivated over a three-year period in South-West France. Method. The cultivar Oruro (Panam, France) was used for this study. It was cultivated in 2014, 2015 and 2017 at Villemur-sur-Tarn (South-West France). Oil, ash and protein contents (Kjeldahl) was assessed, fatty acids (GC-FID), sterols (GC), tocopherols (HPLC) composition was determined on seeds. Results. Cultivation year affected oil, protein and ash contents, and the content and composition of fatty acid, sterols and tocopherols. Oil (range of 30.6-34.7%) and ash (4.8-5.2%) contents were higher in 2014 and 2015 (higher rainfall than 2017). Protein content was higher in 2017 (21.7%) than in the other two years (17.5-19.9%). This trend was expected, given the negative correlation between oil and protein contents. Polyunsaturated fatty acids predominated, and their levels were highest in 2015 and lowest in 2017. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid levels followed the opposite pattern (lowest in 2015 and highest in 2017). Sterols and tocopherols accumulated to higher levels in the seeds in 2014 than in 2017. Conclusions. All the seed quality traits of chia cultivated in France were affected by the climatic conditions of the year of cultivation.
Characterizing Uncertainty in Machine Learning for Chemistry
Authors: Heid Esther , McGill Charles J. , Vermeire Florence H. , Green William H.
Published: May 2023

Characterizing uncertainty in machine learning models has recently gained interest in the context of machine learning reliability, robustness, safety, and active learning. Here, we separate the total uncertainty into contributions from noise in the data (aleatoric) and shortcomings of the model (epistemic), further dividing epistemic uncertainty into model bias and variance contributions. We systematically address the influence of noise, model bias, and model variance in the context of chemical property predictions, where the diverse nature of target properties and the vast chemical chemical space give rise to many different distinct sources of prediction error. We demonstrate that different sources of error can each be significant in different contexts and must be individually addressed during model development. Through controlled experiments on datasets of molecular properties, we show important trends in model performance associated with the level of noise in the dataset, size of the dataset, model architecture, molecule representation, ensemble size, and dataset splitting. In particular, we show that 1) noise in the test set can limit a model's observed performance when the actual performance is much better, 2) using size-extensive model aggregation structures is crucial for extensive property prediction, and 3) ensembling is a reliable tool for uncertainty quantification and improvement specifically for the contribution of model variance. We develop general guidelines on how to improve an underperforming model when falling into different uncertainty contexts.
Catalytic CO2 Reduction Using an Atomically Precise, Cu-Coordinated, Crystalline Carbon Nitride
Authors: Pauly Magnus , Deegbey Mawuli , Keller Landon , McGuigan Scott , Dianat Golnaz , Wong Jian Cheng , G.F. Murphey Corban , Shang Bo , Wang Hailiang , Cahoon James , Sampaio Renato , Kanai Yosuke , Parsons Gregory , Jakubikova Elena , Maggard Paul
Published: May 2023

Inherently disordered structures of carbon nitrides have hindered an atomic level tunability and understanding of their catalytic reactivity. Herein, coordination of copper cations within a crystalline carbon nitride, i.e., poly(triazine imide) or CNx, was found to yield two ordered structures for Cu-CNx wherein one or two Cu(I) cations coordinate to its intralayer N-triazine groups. The crystallites electrophoretically deposit from aqueous particle suspensions and yield current densities of ~10 to 50 mA/cm2 with a concomitant and increasing reduction of CO2 and H2O. Reduction of CO2 increases for smaller particles as mechanistic calculations reveal its catalysis mediated by two intralayer Cu atoms.
Evaluating the impact of experimental shear flow parameters on nanoparticle protein corona formation
Authors: Daramy Karim , Punnabhum Panida , Hussein Muattaz , Minelli Caterina , Pei Yiwen , Rattray Nicholas JW , Perrie Yvonne , Rattray Zahra
Published: May 2023

The use of nanoparticles has increasingly been implemented in biomedical applications including the diagnosis and treatment of disease. When administered to a biological system, nanoparticles spontaneously interact with their surrounding environment, leading to the surface-adsorption of small molecules and biomacromolecules. The protein component of the surface-adsorbed species, is often referred to as the “protein corona”. The composition of the protein corona is governed by nanoparticle properties, incubation media and parameters related to the environment in which nanoparticle incubations are performed. In this study, we investigated the formation of protein corona on polystyrene nanoparticles which have different surface chemistries and the impact of experimental incubation parameters, including centrifugation-resuspension protocols, incubation duration and shear flow rate conditions. The particle characteristics measured include size distribution, zeta potential and total protein content. Our findings show significant differences in nanoparticle size following exposure to media containing proteins across the three different nanoparticle surface chemistries. These findings were also confirmed by total protein concentration measurements performed on nanoparticles recovered from bulk media, and measurements of the composition of surface-adsorbed proteins by gel electrophoresis. We also found that exposure to different shear flow conditions alters both the thickness and the composition of surface-adsorbed protein coronas. In parallel to analysis of nanoparticles isolated using the centrifugation-resuspension protocol, we performed in situ analysis of nanoparticle size in media containing proteins. Results obtained from these measurements highlight that the recovery procedure is disruptive to the protein corona and therefore the need for investigative methods that do not alter the properties of the nanoparticle coronas. Nanomedicines are generally intended for administration via injection, and our findings show that parameters such as shear flow and media composition can significantly alter nanoparticle physicochemical parameters. Overall, we show that the recovery protocol can significantly alter particle parameters in addition to the overall protein composition of surface-adsorbed proteins. We recommend that nanoparticle characterization pipelines studying bio-nano interactions during early nanomedicine development consider experimental design in the context of biologically-relevant shear flow conditions and media composition because these parameters can significantly alter particle physical parameters and the subsequent conclusions drawn from such studies.
IsoMatchMS: Open-Source Software for Automated Annotation and Visualization of High Resolution MALDI-MS Spectra
Authors: Degnan David , Zemaitis Kevin , Lewis Logan , McCue Lee Ann , Bramer Lisa , Fulcher James , Veličković Dušan , Paša-Tolić Ljiljana , Zhou Mowei
Published: May 2023

Due to its speed, accuracy, and adaptability to various sample types, matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has become a popular method to identify molecular isotope profiles from biological samples. Often MALDI-MS data does not include tandem MS fragmentation data, and thus the identification of compounds in samples requires external databases so that the accurate mass of detected signals can be matched to known molecular compounds. Most relevant software tools are focused on small molecules (e.g., metabolites, lipids), and cannot be easily adapted to protein data due to their more complex isotopic distributions. Here, we present an R package called IsoMatchMS for the automated annotation of MALDI-MS data for multiple datatypes (e.g., intact proteins, lipids, metabolites, etc.). This tool accepts already computed molecular formulas, or for proteomics applications, can compute molecular formulas from a list of input peptides or proteins including proteins with post-translational modifications. Visualization of all matched isotopic profiles are provided in a highly accessible HTML format called a trelliscope display, which allows users to filter and sort by several parameters such as match scores and the number of peaks matched. IsoMatchMS simplifies the annotation and visualization of MALDI-MS data for downstream analyses.
تحليل واقع الدين العام في الاقتصاد العراقي للمدة (2004-2020)
Authors: سلمان الوائلي احمد , كاظم العتابي سامر
Published: May 2023

يركز البحث على تحليل تطور الدين العام في العراق للمدة ( 2004 – 2020 ) باعتبار الدين العام أحد مصادر تمويل عجز الموازنة العامة للدولة ، والذي ينعكس بدوره على هيكل النمو الاقتصادي  في العراق ، وتتمحور مشكلة البحث ان العراق يعاني من ازمات اقتصادية تتمثل  بزيادة النفقات العامة وانخفاض الايرادات العامة الامر الذي ادى الى حدوث عجز في الموازنة العامة إذ تم تغطيته من خلال الدين العام وينعكس ذلك بصورة سلبية على الاقتصاد المحلي . ومن اهم نتائج البحث زيادة العجز المالي في الموازنات العامة بسبب السياسات المالية التوسعية التي أدت إلى زيادة الدين العام الداخلي والخارجي ، حيث تجاوزت الزيادات في الإنفاق العام الزيادات في الإيرادات العامة لأن العراق غارق في أكثر من أزمة سياسية وعسكرية ، بالإضافة إلى زيادة الإنفاق العام نتيجة الصدمة المزدوجة للعراق في الفترة 2014-2016 ، والتي أدت إلى زيادة الدين العامانخفاض أسعار النفط ، والحرب على الإرهاب. وتكلفة النزوح الجماعي للمواطنين وتدمير العديد من البنى التحتية ، وبينما انخفضت الإيرادات مما أدى إلى عجز في الموازنة العامة ، تحولت الدولة إلى الاقتراض لأن الدين كان حلاً سريعًا لتغطية هذا العجز. بينما تشير اهم التوصيات الى ضرورة عمل الحكومة العراقية على وضع سياسة مالية جديدة تتماشى مع السياسة النقدية لاسيما في ظل الأوضاع التي يواجهها العراق من انخفاض اسعار النفط  ، إذ ان الهدف من هذه السياسة هي معالجة العجز في الموازنة العامة ، ذلك تؤدي الى قليل الحاجة المستمرة الى الاقتراض الداخلي او الخارجي على أن لا يتعارض ذلك مع الوظائف الاساسية للموازنة العامة في مجال التنمية الاقتصادية وتحقيق الاستقرار الاقتصادي.
Determination of sentinel lymph nodes in gynecological cancer using the radiopharmaceutical Sentiscan. A case series
Authors: Shevchuk Alexey S. , Krylov Alexander S. , Knyazev Rostislav I. , Afanasieva Kristina V.
Published: May 2023

Background. Lymphadenectomy in patients with malignant female genital neoplasms is a necessary step of surgical treatment, the implementation of which allows assessing the the metastatic involvement of the removed lymph nodes and determining indications for postoperative treatment. Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy with ultrastaging method appears to be a good alternative to standard regional lymph node removal with similar long-term oncologic outcomes and significantly lower rates of postoperative complications.
Aim. To present the possibility of using a domestic radiopharmaceutical labeled with technetium-99m (Sentiscan) in patients with gynecological cancer.
Materials and methods. A series of clinical cases of the use of Sentiscan during SLN biopsy in three patients suffering from cancer of the uterus and vulva is presented.
Results. 1824 hours before the operation, 0.4 ml of the prepared solution of radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-Sentiscan with a total activity of 150 MBq was injected into the cervix of the uterus with tumors of the uterine body and into the vulva. After 2 hours, SPECT/CT was performed on the Discovery 670 DR (GE) of the abdomen and pelvis, followed by 3D reconstruction of images for better intraoperative navigation. Intraoperatively, a portable gamma detector Rad Pointer Gamma (Medikor Pharma Ural) was used to identify sentinel lymph nodes. Sentinel lymph nodes were removed in all patients, followed by a control assessment of the gamma radiation level, histological and immunohistochemical studies using panCK, CK18 markers.
Conclusion. Presented clinical cases demonstrated high efficacy of sentinel lymph node mapping using radiopharmaceutical Sentiscan. Further studies are necessary for wide implementation of this technology in clinical practice.
The role of minimal residual disease in therapy of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a prospective cohort study
Authors: Korkina Yulia S. , Valiev Timur T.
Published: May 2023

Background. During last 50 years there was a significant progress in understanding the nature of pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). There were developed effective chemoradiotherapy regimens, new methods of diagnosis and emerged evaluation of treatment results. Determination of minimal residual disease (MRD) has become the most important factor in the patients stratification for risk-adapted treatment in the ALL IC-BFM 2009.
Aim. To evaluate the survival rates of children with ALL according to the ALL IC-BFM 2009 protocol.
Materials and methods. There were 136 people in the study of evaluating the effectiveness of therapy according to the ALL IC-BFM 2009 protocol: 69 boys and 67 girls (ratio 1.03:1). The median age is 4 years and 10 months. The observation period is from 26.01.2010 to 06.11.2022.
Results. High survival rates of children with newly diagnosed ALL are achieved: overall survival (OS) is 91.2%, event-free (EFS) 82.4%, relapse-free (RFS) 88.6%. The best results are among patients of the standard risk group: OS, EFS and RFS reach 96.6%. In the intermediate group OS 96.2%, EFS 84.8% and RFS 88.3%. Worse results of survival are in the high risk group: OS 76.9%, EFS 65.4% and RFS 80.7%. Outcome analysis depending on the linear reveals a statistically insignificant difference in survival rates (for B-ALL OS 92.4%, EFS 83.1% and RFS 89.5%, for T-ALL OS 83.3%, EFS 77.8% and RFS 83.3%). It determines the tendency of improving the prognosis of pediatric T-ALL by optimizing the stratification of patients based on the indicators of MRD and the best direction of protocol.
Conclusion. Results of survival rates of patients with ALL confirm high effectiveness of treatment according to the ALL IC-BFM 2009 protocol. MRD level on day 15 makes it possible to stratify patients and choose the optimal risk-adapted therapy.
Therapy of chronic pain in cancer patients: Tafalgin use experience. Case report
Authors: Ognerubov Nikolai A.
Published: May 2023

Background. Chronic pain is the most common and severe condition associated with cancer, causing peripheral and central nervous system disorders Inadequate pain control can be destructive and negatively affect patients' quality of life and daily activity. Therefore, developing new drugs for complete pain control during antitumor therapy and palliative care is an urgent problem in modern oncology. One of these directions is the search for selective molecules that interact with 1-opioid receptors without many side effects of opioids.
Aim. To evaluate the effectiveness of a new selective 1-opioid analgesic, Tafalgin, in treating chronic pain in a patient with pancreatic cancer.
Materials and methods. Tafalgin was used to control chronic pain in a 60-year-old patient with stage IV pancreatic cancer, pT2 N0M1, with liver metastases, state after 10 cycles of polychemotherapy, and distal subtotal resection of the pancreas with splenectomy, progression in October 2022, liver metastases; state after 4 cycles of polychemotherapy, severe chronic pain.
Results. The initial pain severity was evaluated using a visual analog scale: 7 points at rest and 9 points on exertion. The patient developed pain during FOLFIRINOX polychemotherapy, for which he received tramadol at a daily dose of 400 mg in combination with paracetamol, with an effect for 1.5 months. The pain severity increased with breakthrough pain. The patient was prescribed long-acting morphine at 60 mg/day, with good effect. However, the patient experienced nausea and vomiting. The morphine dose was reduced to 20 mg, thus resolving side effects and decreasing the effectiveness. Tafalgin was administered at a dose of 4 mg TID. The pain severity decreased to 11.2 points. No adverse events were reported. The patient has been receiving the drug for 52 days. His sleep and appetite have improved, physical activity has increased, and no weight loss has been reported.
Conclusion. When switching a patient to Tafalgin, continuous adequate pain control is maintained, not inferior to morphine. Tafalgin is associated with a favorable safety profile.
Social Role of Entrepreneurial Activity: Historical and Sociological Dimension
Authors: Nikolenko Vadym
Published: May 2023

In the article the role of entrepreneurial activity in development of modern society is analyzed. Attention is focused on the essence of the definition of entrepreneurship, its socio-integrated character, backbone motives, economic and non-economic functions. Particular attention is focused on the contribution of J. Schumpeter to the sociological theory of entrepreneurship. The effectiveness of private business initiative in overcoming the inertia of mass consciousness, destructive traditionalism, social anomie, poverty, manipulative influence, and ideological vacuum is emphasized. Research interest is focused on proving the validity of the values of entrepreneurship to localize a wide range of social pathologies. We are talking about the problems of corruption, negligence, nepotism, favoritism, telephone law, personal loyalty to the leader instead of professionalism, the absolutism of importance of a political career, the presence of an idle class, the absence of achievement motivation, which are mainly destructive atavism of the past. The presence of certain lexical constructions as a «litmus test» is indicated, which are able to detail the specifics and basic vectors of transformation of modern society. Successful examples of constructing relevant formats of a representative culture are highlighted, especially in developed countries using traditional media, with the goal of popularizing emancipation values in a public space. In particular, the values of professionalism, self-realization, market competition, systematicity, freedom, social trust and responsibility, tolerance. At the same time, against the background of industrial revolutions and industrialization processes, the most prominent figures are highlighted, as well as resonant entrepreneurial inventions that have significantly changed the socio-economic face of global society. The focus is on famous personalities in the processes of socially ethical business in Ukraine at the intersection of the ХІХ-ХХ centuries. It is concluded that an ideological project – a country of socially responsible business and efficient production labor, is of particular relevance at the present stage, when each person would have a real right to compete with others on equal terms in the results of their own work and feel the available possibility of self-realization in the context of the current paradigm of the civilized world – social entrepreneurship or in other words social marketing. In our opinion, the indicated type business man, for whom the problems of not only the economic, but also the non-economic progress of society are relevant, is acquiring important modernization significance at present stage.