bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface Mechanical Damage and Wear of Polymers
Authors: Sinha S. K. , Briscoe B. J.
Published: January 2006

This chapter provides an up‐to‐date review of the current understanding in the area of mechanical damage and wear of polymer surfaces. Wear is explained by the two‐term friction model and classified as the interfacial (adhesive) wear and the cohesive (abrasive) wear. Further, distinction is made between other mechanisms that may occur in concurrence with the above two types. Two important such mechanisms are the chemical wear and the fatigue wear. Complexities associated with the microscopic events such as the stick‐slip phenomenon and with the lubrication aspect of polymers are also highlighted. Finally, a short review of the wear process encountered in the case of polymer composites is presented as composites have become the most popular and economic way of solving many of the industrial tribolgical problems where polymers are involved.
Cover Picture: Direction‐Dependent Homoepitaxial Growth of GaN Nanowires (Adv. Mater. 2/2006)
Authors: Li H. , Chin A. H. , Sunkara M. K.
Published: January 2006

GaN nanowires with vastly different morphologies depending upon their growth direction can be produced by direct nitridation and vapor transport of Ga in disassociated ammonia, report Sunkara and co‐workers on p. 216. Nanowires grown along the c‐direction develop hexagonal‐prism island morphologies, while wires grown along the a‐direction form uniform, belt‐shaped morphologies. A “ballistic” phenomenon involving the 1D transport of adatoms on the non‐polar surfaces of <0001> GaN nanowires is proposed to explain the prismatic island morphologies.
Inside Front Cover: Experimental Evidence for Superprism Effects in Three‐Dimensional Polymer Photonic Crystals (Adv. Mater. 2/2006)
Authors: Serbin J. , Gu M.
Published: January 2006

The inside cover illustrates the highly dispersive propagation of light in a three‐dimensional polymer photonic crystal. White light is coupled into a woodpile structure and split into its wavelength components due to the frequency‐dependent dispersion properties of the structure. This superprism effect is orders of magnitudes higher than in a conventional glass prism and is caused by the strong anisotropy of the dispersion surface at frequencies slightly above the photonic bandgap. In work reported on p. 221, Serbin and Gu fabricated these woodpile structures operating in the near‐infrared wavelength range by means of two‐photon polymerization and give theoretical and experimental evidence for the superprism effect in these low‐index photonic‐crystal structures.
Kinetics of adsorption of sulfur mustard vapors on carbons under static conditions
Authors: Prasad G. K. , Singh Beer , Saxena Amit
Published: January 2006

Activated carbon of surface area 1250 m2/g was impregnated with 4% sodium hydroxide plus 3% Cr(VI) as CrO3 with and without 5% ethylenediamine (EDA) and 5% ruthenium chloride by using their aqueous solutions. These carbons along with active carbon were studied for the adsorption of sulfur mustard (HD) under static conditions at 30 ± 1°C. Kinetics of adsorption have been studied by using the linear driving force model (LDF) and Fickian diffusion model. The kinetic parameters, such as equilibration constant/rate constant (ka), equilibration capacity, diffusional exponent (n), and adsorbate‐adsorbent interaction constant (K), have also been determined. The diffusional exponent being less than 0.5 indicates Fickian diffusion of HD molecules in the studied carbons. Chemical interaction also seems to be the second mechanism (although minor) and is involved in the HD uptake rate (the first being the Fickian diffusion). The adsorbate‐adsorbent interaction constant did not vary significantly, indicating that probably HD chemically interacts to a small extent with the metal salts present on the surface of active carbon as impregnants. © 2005 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Water‐gas shift reaction kinetics over μ‐structured Pt/CeO2/Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Germani G. , Schuurman Y.
Published: January 2006

Platinum/ceria/alumina catalysts have been prepared in the microchannels of stainless steel platelets. These catalysts are very active for the water‐gas shift reaction between 250–400°C. The use of microreactors as kinetic devices has a clear advantage that the thin catalyst film allows the determination of the intrinsic kinetics even in the case of fast reactions. However, the channel design should be such that plug flow conditions are favored. The kinetics of the water‐gas shift reaction, free from internal diffusion limitations, have been studied over thin catalyst layers over a large range of operation conditions. The reaction rate is almost zero‐order in carbon monoxide and strongly inhibited by the partial pressure of hydrogen and to a lesser extent to that of carbon dioxide. An overall activation energy of 76.8 ± 2 kJ/mol has been measured. The data are best described by a dual‐site mechanism, where platinum provides an adsorption site for carbon monoxide and ceria an adsorption site for water. The rate‐determining step involves the formation of a complex between a carboxyl species and a hydroxyl group that decomposes over a free platinum site into carbon dioxide and hydrogen. © 2006 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 2006
Serinoctamere: Clusterbildung, Reaktionen und Auswirkungen auf die Homochiralität von Biomolekülen
Authors: Nanita Sergio C. , Cooks R. Graham
Published: January 2006

Noch immer ist die Entwicklung der Homochiralität eines der spannendsten Rätsel im Zusammenhang mit der Entstehung des Lebens. Ein mögliches Szenario geht davon aus, dass Aminosäure‐Aggregate an einer Folge chemischer Ereignisse beteiligt waren, die zu chiralen Biomolekülen in sich selbst replizierenden Systemen und damit zur Homochirogenese führten. Serin steht als Aminosäure im Zentrum des Interesses, weil es ionische Cluster bildet, die sich aus der “magischen” Zahl von acht Aminosäureeinheiten zusammensetzen; diese Cluster zeigen eine auffällige Präferenz für Homochiralität. Die Serinoctamer‐Cluster (Ser8) können unter simulierten präbiotischen Bedingungen erzeugt werden, und sie reagieren enantioselektiv mit anderen Biomolekülen. Diese Beobachtungen führten zu der Hypothese, dass die Chiralität in der Natur ursprünglich auf Serin zurückgeht und durch chemische Reaktionen auf andere Aminosäuren, Saccharide und Peptide übertragen wurde. Der vorliegende Aufsatz bewertet kritisch die Chemie von Ser8‐Clustern und die Experimente, die ihre mögliche Rolle bei der Homochirogenese stützen.
Apoptolidin: Induktion von Apoptose durch einen Naturstoff
Authors: Daniel Peter T. , Koert Ulrich , Schuppan Julia
Published: January 2006

Der Naturstoff Apoptolidin führt selektiv bei bestimmten Krebszelllinien zum programmierten Zelltod. Dieser auch als Apoptose bezeichnete Vorgang ist ein wichtiger zellbiologischer Mechanismus zur Regulation von Homöostase und Morphogenese. Apoptotische Fehlregulationen sind mit verschiedenen Krankheiten verknüpft, insbesondere Krebs. Der extrinsische Weg zur Apoptose führt über Todesliganden und Todesrezeptoren zur Aktivierung einer Caspase‐Kaskade, die den proteolytischen Abbau der Zellarchitektur bewirkt. Die intrinsisch ausgelöste Apoptose beginnt mit der Übermittlung von Schäden im Zellinnern an das Mitochondrium, das seine strukturelle Integrität verliert und ein Apoptosom bildet, das die Caspase‐Kaskade auslöst. Apoptoseregulierende Verbindungen sind von großer medizinischer Bedeutung. Viele Naturstoffe regulieren apoptotische Abläufe, so auch Apoptolidin. Die bekannten synthetischen Zugänge zu Apoptolidin werden in diesem Aufsatz beschrieben und verglichen. Weitere apoptoseregulierende Naturstoffe werden ebenfalls kurz vorgestellt.
Titelbild: Evidence from NMR and EXAFS Studies of a Dynamically Uniform Mononuclear Single‐Site Zeolite‐Supported Rhodium Catalyst (Angew. Chem. 4/2006)
Authors: Ehresmann Justin O. , Kletnieks Philip W. , Liang Ann , Bhirud Vinesh A. , Bagatchenko Olesya P. , Lee Eric J. , Klaric Meghan , Gates Bruce C. , Haw James F.
Published: January 2006

Auf Zeolithträgern aufgebrachte Übergangsmetallkatalysatoren sind für die petrochemische Industrie wichtig. Die Herstellung und Charakterisierung gut definierter Systeme ist aber immer noch schwierig. B. C. Gates, J. F. Haw et al. stellen in ihrer Zuschrift auf S. 588 ff. rechnerische und experimentelle Belege dafür vor, dass der Rhodiumkomplex {Rh(C2H4)2} auf Zeolith Y in Form isolierter Zentren mit einheitlicher Struktur katalytisch wirkt. Im Titelbild ist die Rotation der Ethylenliganden um das Rh+‐Zentrum (grüne Kugel) zu sehen.
Cover Picture: Evidence from NMR and EXAFS Studies of a Dynamically Uniform Mononuclear Single‐Site Zeolite‐Supported Rhodium Catalyst (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 4/2006)
Authors: Ehresmann Justin O. , Kletnieks Philip W. , Liang Ann , Bhirud Vinesh A. , Bagatchenko Olesya P. , Lee Eric J. , Klaric Meghan , Gates Bruce C. , Haw James F.
Published: January 2006

Zeolite‐supported transition‐metal catalysts are of importance in the petrochemical industry. However, the fabrication and characterization of well‐defined systems remains a challenge. In their Communication on page 574 ff., B. C. Gates, J. F. Haw, and co‐workers present computational and experimental evidence that the rhodium complex {Rh(C2H4)2} supported on zeolite Y is a single‐site catalyst with a uniform structure. The cover picture shows the rotation of the ethylene ligands about the Rh+ center (green sphere).
Non‐catalytic anhydride curing of hydrogenated bisphenol‐A glycidyl ether with 1,2,4‐cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride and light emitting diode encapsulation
Authors: Morita Yasumasa , Sugino Hiroaki
Published: January 2006

Noncatalytic anhydride curing of hydrogenated bisphenol‐A glycidyl ether (YX8000) using hydrogenated trimellic anhydride (1,2,4‐cyclohexanetricarboxylic anhydride, H‐TMAn) and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydride (MeHHPA) were studied. Differential scanning calorimetry data shows no exthothermal under 190°C using MeHHPA without catalyst because of the low reactivity. On the other hand, H‐TMAn had higher reactivity and it can be cured without catalyst. The effect of anhydride concentration both on curing and on properties was studied in detail. For example, the highest Tg was found when YX8000 : H‐TMAn = 100 : 75 or YX8000 : MeHHPA = 100 : 100. The highest curing exothermal was found at similar ratio. Following, the encapsulation of light emitting diode (LED) was prepared with two anhydrides. Surface volume decrease was observed with MeHHPA by its evaporation, but H‐TMAn gave flat surface. After thermal cycle test of these LED, H‐TMAn was found to have better crack resistance than MeHHPA. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 962–966, 2006
Acrylate/EVA reactive blends and semi‐IPN: Chemical, chemical–physical, and thermo‐optical characterization
Authors: Errico M. E. , Greco R. , Laurienzo P. , Malinconico M. , Viscardo D.
Published: January 2006

In the present work, blends between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) or its copolymer with butyl methacrylate P(MMA‐co‐BMA) and poly(ethylene‐co‐vinyl acetate) (EVA) rubbers obtained applying the reactive blending principles were deeply investigated to clarify the chemistry of the system. A copolymeric phase, which is created in situ, was isolated and its chemical structure was determined through NMR analysis. The blends were also crosslinked with a flexible dimethacrylate to realize semi‐interpenetrated networks. The blends were characterized for their properties of interest (mechanical and optical behaviors). Particularly, an accurate investigation of the optical properties as a function of the temperature was performed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Homopolymer and copolymers of 4‐methacrylamidophenyl‐4‐methoxystyryl ketone with methyl methacrylate: Synthesis, characterization, reactivity ratios, and photocrosslinkable properties
Authors: Nanjundan S. , Jayakumar R. , Selvamalar C. S. Jone
Published: January 2006

4‐Aminophenyl‐4‐methoxystyryl ketone (APMSK) was prepared by reacting 4‐aminoacetophenone and 4‐methoxybenzaldehyde in the presence of sodium hydroxide as base catalyst. The methacrylamide monomer, 4‐methacrylamidophenyl‐4‐methoxystyryl ketone (MPMSK), was synthesized by reacting APMSK with methacryloyl chloride in the presence of triethylamine. Free‐radical solution polymerization technique was used to prepare the homo‐ and copolymers of different feed compositions of MPMSK with methyl methacrylate in methyl ethyl ketone solution at 70°C, using benzoyl peroxide as the initiator. The polymers were characterized by UV, IR, 1H‐NMR, and 13C‐NMR spectral techniques. The reactivity ratios of both comonomers were calculated using Fineman–Ross, Kelen–Tüdös, extended Kelen–Tüdös, and a nonlinear error‐in‐variables model (EVM) method using a computer program, RREVM. The molecular weights (M̄w and M̄n) and polydispersity indices of the polymers were determined using size exclusion chromatography. The glass‐transition temperatures of the polymers were determined by differential scanning calorimetry. The thermal stability of the polymers was measured by thermogravimetric analysis in air. The photoreactivity of the polymers was studied in chloroform solutions in the presence and absence of various triplet sensitizers. The effect of concentration of homopolymer and composition of the copolymers on the rate of photocrosslinking of the polymers was investigated. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Characterization and adsorption properties of the chelating hydrogels derived from natural materials for possible use in the improvement of groundwater quality
Authors: Shawky H. A. , Ali A. El‐Hag , El Sheikh R. A.
Published: January 2006

A new carrageenan based chelating copolymer sorbent was prepared by gamma radiation induced copolymerization and crosslinking of kappa‐carrageenan (k‐Car) and acrylic acid (AAc). The swelling characteristics of the prepared copolymer were investigated by studying the effect of time, pH, and ionic strength of the swelling medium. The sorption capacities of the chelating copolymer for Fe, Pb, Mn, Zn, Cu, Sr, Cd, and Al were 172, 202, 202, 216, 221, 230, 239, and 244 mg/g respectively. The Freundlich and Langmuir adsorption isotherms were used to validate the metal uptake data and heats of adsorption for the investigated metal ions were calculated. The re‐use experiment showed that the prepared hydrogel could be regenerated upto at least 10 times. Because of the promising data collected from bench scale experiments, the prepared copolymer was examined as chelating sorbent to improve the quality of some groundwater resources. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Synthesis of branched polyethylene by in situ polymerization of ethylene with combined iron catalyst and Ziegler–Natta catalyst
Authors: Lu Zhanxia , Zhang Zhicheng , Li Yang , Wu Chunhong , Hu Youliang
Published: January 2006

2,6‐Bis(imino)pyridyl iron catalyst and traditional Ziegler–Natta catalyst were combined together as tandem catalytic system, activated with the mixture of TEA and MAO, and used for synthesis of branched polyethylene by in situ polymerization of ethylene. The branched polyethylene with branches from 8/1000C to 29/1000C was produced by adjusting reaction conditions: the amount of TEA, MAO, iron catalyst used, and reaction temperatures. Not only the short branches such as ethyl and butyl but also the longer branches (hexyl and longer than hexyl) were detected in the products. The products exhibited higher molecular weight and broader molecular weight distribution than those obtained from metallocene catalysts, which would provide the materials excellent mechanical properties and processability. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Dielectric behavior of three phase polyimide percolative nanocomposites
Authors: Devaraju Naga Gopi , Lee Burtrand I.
Published: January 2006

Three phase ceramic–metal–plastic (cermetplas) percolative nanocomposite films were prepared using polyimide, as the matrix to prepare the composite films. Silver nanoparticles with a mean particle size of about 41 nm were prepared and used as the metal phase. Nanocomposites of barium titanate (BaTiO3) particles in polyimide matrix, with silver as metallic inclusion, were formulated using effective medium theory and percolation theory. The concentration and frequency dependence of dielectric permittivity (ε) and loss tangent (tan δ) measurements were reported and discussed for cermetplas below the percolation threshold. Experimental results for cermetplas show that a ε of above 500 can be achieved below the percolation. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Preparation and adsorption performance of a cellulosic‐adsorbent resin for copper(II)
Authors: Bao‐Xiu Zhao , Peng Wang , Tong Zheng , Chun‐yun Chen , Jing Shu
Published: January 2006

The adsorbent resin was prepared by grafting copolymerization of acrylic acid and acrylamide onto cellulose under microwave irradiation, and was applied to adsorb copper ions from wastewater. The influences of adsorption time, resin particle size, pH values, and temperature of solution on its adsorption performance were investigated. At the optimal adsorption conditions, adsorption ratio could get to 99.2% and the adsorption capability reached 49.6 mg/g. Furthermore, adsorption theory model was based and study showed that the physical adsorption was dominating and it accorded to Freundlich isotherm model. XPS of adsorbent resin complex was tested, which ensured the chelating groups onto adsorbent surface. Adsorbent resin could be regenerated using 8% NH3·H2O, which had good regeneration effect, and experiment showed that adsorption ratio could still keep over 90% when resin was regenerated seven times. So, heavy metal‐ions could be reclaimed from gel resin and the circulation of resources could be realized. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Effects of preparation conditions on the surface modification and performance of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes
Authors: Mosqueda‐Jimenez Daniella B. , Narbaitz Roberto M. , Matsuura Takeshi
Published: January 2006

The impact that some membrane preparation steps had on ultrafiltration (UF) membrane characteristics and performance was studied. Polyethersulfone (PES) was employed as base polymer, while N‐methyl pyrrolidone (NMP) was used as a solvent, and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was used as a nonsolvent pore‐forming additive. The manufacturing variables studied were solvent evaporation time and membrane surface modification, using a fluorine‐based copolymer referred to as surface‐modifying macromolecule (SMM). The flat sheet membranes, prepared via phase inversion, were characterized using solute transport data, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and contact angle measurements. Membrane performance was evaluated via filtration test protocol that included a 6‐day filtration of concentrated river water. The flux reduction with time was modeled using single and dual mechanisms of fouling. The pore blockage/cake filtration model described better the behavior of the permeation rate along the experiments. Increasing the solvent evaporation time decreased the size of the pores and the permeation rate. However, it did not significantly affect the removal of the organic compounds naturally present in the river water used as feed. XPS and contact angle measurements proved that the short evaporation periods did not allow enough SMM migration to the surface to provoke a significant effect on the membrane performance. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Effects of the steam test on bonding strength of laminated veneer lumbers manufactured by using different adhesives
Authors: Uysal Burhanettin
Published: January 2006

Failures in adhesion of wood particles or fiber in a composite board can result from several factors. Poor chemical and physical interfacial interactions between the wood surface and the resin and dissimilar swelling of resin and wood resulting from moisture sorption are two of the most important mechanisms of bond failure. This study was performed to determine how the adhesives affect shear strength of laminated veneer lumbers (LVL) manufactured from poplar, beech, pine, black sea fir, and quercus veneers, with phenol–formaldehyde (PF), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), Desmodur‐VTKA (D‐VTKA), and urea–formaldehyde (UF) adhesives. The shear strength tests were done (based on BS EN 205) on the LVL, after being exposed to steam for 96‐h period, according to the procedure of the Turkish Standards (TS) 3639. From the shear strength test, it was found that the highest shear strength was obtained in beech control samples (not exposed to steam) with PVAc adhesive (15.8 N/mm2) and the lowest shear strength was obtained in poplar LVL with UF adhesive (4.24 N/mm2). Beech wood and VTKA and PVAc adhesives could be proposed for manufacturing of LVL used in wet conditions and exposed to shear strain. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of photoluminescent conjugated polymer containing N‐(α‐naphthyl)‐carbazole unit
Authors: Feng Liheng , Zhang Caihong , Chen Zhaobin , Qin Anjun , Yuan Maosen , Bai Fenglian
Published: January 2006

A novel luminescent conjugated polymer, poly[{9‐(α‐naphthyl)‐3,6‐divinylenecarbazolylene}‐alt‐co‐(1,4‐phenylene)] (PNVCP), bearing alternated 9‐(α‐naphthyl)‐carbazole and benzene units, was synthesized via a Wittig–Horner reaction. The solubility, thermal, and optical properties were investigated. It was soluble in common organic solvents, such as tetrahydrofuran and 1,2‐dichlororoethane. Thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry showed that the conjugated polymer exhibited good thermal stability up to 496°C with a glass‐transition temperature higher than 110°C. The photoluminescence properties were studied. The polymer emits blue light and the quantum yield is 93% in solution. The emission spectra exhibited an obvious solvent effect. With the increase of the polarity of the solvents, the fluorescence spectra changed obviously and appeared to be redshifted at room temperature. The redshift was more obvious in aromatic solvents than in aliphatic solvents. When N,N‐dimethylaniline was gradually added into the solution of the conjugated polymer, the emission intensity of the fluorescence decreased. In comparison, the emission intensity of the polymer showed invariability when 1,4‐dicyanobenzene was added into the polymer solution. Moreover, the fluorescence of the polymer could be effectively quenched by fullerene. Overall, the synthesized polymer is a potential candidate material for fabrication of polymeric light‐emitting devices. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 923–927, 2006
Synthesis and characterization of antibacterial polychelates of urea–formaldehyde resin with Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions
Authors: Nishat N. , Ahmad Sharif , Tansir Ahamad Rahisuddin
Published: January 2006

We studied the reaction between urea and formaldehyde with the purpose of preparing new polychelates of Cr(III), Mn(II), Fe(III), Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) metal ions. These compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectroscopy, 1H‐NMR, electronic spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and molar conductance measurements. The percentage of metal in all of the polychelates was found to be consistent with 1:1.5 (metal/ligand) stoichiometry. The thermal behaviors of these coordination polymers were studied by TGA in a nitrogen atmosphere up to 750°C. The TGA results reveal that the complexes had higher thermal‐resistance properties compared to the common urea–formaldehyde resin. The molar conductivity and magnetic susceptibility measurements of the synthesized polychelates confirmed the geometry of the complexes. The antibacterial activity of the polychelates was also investigated with agar diffusion methods. The antibacterial activity of these polychelates was found to be reasonably good compared with standard drugs, namely, ciprofloxacin, ampicillin, and kanamycin. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 100: 928–936, 2006
Acute and long‐term outcomes of the novel side access (SLK‐View™) stent for bifurcation coronary lesions: A multicenter nonrandomized feasibility study
Authors: Ikeno Fumiaki , Kim Young‐Hak , Luna Jorge , Condado Jose A. , Colombo Antonio , Grube Eberhard , Fitzgerald Peter J. , Park Seung‐Jung , Yeung Alan C.
Published: January 2006

Objective: To evaluate technical feasibility and procedural safety of SLK‐View™ stent for treating bifurcation lesions. Background: Percutaneous treatment of coronary bifurcation lesions represents a technical challenge. Several stenting techniques and dedicated devices have proven unsuccessful, with high rates of side branch occlusion at index procedure and follow‐up. Methods: Eighty one patients with 84 de novo coronary artery lesions involving a major side branch underwent SLK‐View™ (Advanced Stent Technologies, Inc., Pleasanton, CA) stent implantation with subsequent kissing balloon post dilatation. SLK‐View™ stent is a new scaffolding device incorporating a side aperture that allows access to the side‐branch of a bifurcation after deployment of the stent in main vessel. All patients underwent angiographic follow‐up at 6 months. Procedural, in‐hospital, and 6‐month follow‐up outcomes were examined. Results: The lesions were located in left main (n = 11), left anterior descending (n = 50), left circumflex (n = 8), right coronary artery (n = 7), and 1 ramus intermedius. The most frequent lesions (44.1%) were true bifurcations. Successful stent delivery to bifurcation was accomplished in 82/84 of the cases (97.6%). Technical success was obtained in 99 and 94% of main vessel and side branches, respectively. Stenting in side‐branch was performed in 21 lesions (25%). Side‐branches were accessed effectively in 100% of bifurcations postprocedurally. Binary restenosis rate at 6‐month follow‐up was 28.3% and 37.7% for main vessel and side‐branch, respectively. TLR rate at 6‐month follow‐up was 21% and CABG rate of 6%. Conclusion: In this consecutive multicenter series of patients with coronary bifurcation lesions, this novel side‐branch access stent proved feasible, with a high procedural success rate, while maintaining side‐branch access. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Rescue percutaneous coronary intervention for failed thrombolysis
Authors: Shavelle David M. , Salami Ali , Abdelkarim Murrad , French William J. , Shook Thomas L. , Mayeda Guy S. , Burstein Steven , Matthews Ray V.
Published: January 2006

Background: Previous studies of rescue percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for failed thrombolysis yielded conflicting results. In the current era of newer thrombolytic agents, coronary stents, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and aggressive hemodynamic support, the outcome of this high‐risk patient group has not been characterized. Methods: From January 2000 to October 2004, 214 consecutive patients were transferred and underwent emergent coronary angiography following failed thrombolysis. One hundred and fifty five (72%) underwent immediate PCI, 23 (11%) underwent delayed PCI, and 36 (17%) received surgical revascularization or medical therapy. Medical records and angiograms for the entire PCI cohort (n= 178) were reviewed for in‐hospital events including bleeding complications, stroke, recurrent ischemia or myocardial infarction (MI), target vessel revascularization (TVR), and death. Results: Time from symptom onset to thrombolysis (mean ± standard deviation) was 5.6 ± 11.9 hr, and time from thrombolysis to angiography was 7.0 ± 5.5 hr. The study cohort was critically ill, with 9.6% experiencing cardiac arrest, 21% in cardiogenic shock, and 12% intubated prior to transfer. Coronary stents were placed in 88%, Rheolytic thrombectomy was used in 21%, an intraaortic balloon pump was placed in 17%, and a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor was administered in 92%. Patients receiving delayed PCI had higher TIMI 3 flow grade at initial angiography than those receiving immediate PCI (83% vs. 34%, respectively, P < 0.0001). Angiographic success was 90% for the entire PCI cohort, 89% for the immediate PCI group, and 100% for the delayed PCI group. Clinical success (angiographic success and freedom from major adverse cardiac events) was 85% for the entire PCI cohort, 83% for the immediate PCI group, and 100% for the delayed PCI group. Severe and moderate bleeding complications occurred in 7.3%, stroke in 1.7%, recurrent ischemia or MI in 7.3%, and TVR in 3.4%. Overall, in‐hospital mortality for the entire PCI cohort was 3.4%. Conclusions: This observational, consecutive, real‐world study of contemporary rescue PCI for failed thrombolysis shows a high use of coronary stents, Rheolytic thrombectomy, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors, and intraaortic balloon pump placement. Angiographic and clinical success was high with low bleeding complications and low in‐hospital mortality, suggesting that prospective, randomized trials using contemporary interventional therapy for rescue PCI be considered. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Functional and clinical outcomes of nitinol stenting with and without abciximab for complex superficial femoral artery disease: A randomized trial
Authors: Ansel Gary M. , Silver Mitchell J. , Botti Charles F. , Rocha‐Singh Krishna , Bates Mark C. , Rosenfield Kenneth , Schainfeld Robert M. , Laster Steven B. , Zander Carol
Published: January 2006

Objective: To evaluate the effect of glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition during nitinol stenting, of superficial femoral occlusive disease. Background: Stent implantation in the superficial femoral artery has been associated with suboptimal results while Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors have shown improved procedural results during coronary intervention. We evaluated abciximab infusion during (Smart Stent®) implantation in superficial femoral obstructions. Methods: We conducted a randomized placebo controlled trial. The two primary end points include: (1) 9‐month restenosis defined as a decrease in ankle brachial index and in‐stent duplex ultrasound restenosis: (2) adverse events defined as death (30 days) or repeat revascularization within 9 months. Results: Twenty‐seven patients were randomized to abciximab and 24 patients to control (placebo). The primary end point of cumulative restenosis occurred in 15.4% of patients administered abciximab and in 12% administered placebo (P = 0.873). The primary restenosis endpoint in diabetics and total occlusions were similar at 14.3% and 15.4% respectively. The composite end point of 30‐day mortality and 9‐month revascularization occurred in 5.8% abciximab and 0% (P = 0.274) placebo with no 30‐day deaths. Graded treadmill time and Rutherford class were all significantly improved in both groups, but the abciximab group did not appear to demonstrate any identifiable effect. Conclusion: (Smart Stent) nitinol stenting of the superficial femoral artery was associated with favorable functional outcomes at 9 months. Adjunctive abciximab did not appear to demonstrate any identifiable effect. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Isomers of cyclo‐Heptasulfur and Their Coordination to Li+: An ab initio Molecular Orbital Study
Authors: Wong Ming Wah , Steudel Yana , Steudel Ralf
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Microsolvation of F‐ in Water
Authors: Mueller I. B. , Cederbaum L. S.
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Infrared Spectra and Structures of the Coinage Metal Dihydroxide Molecules.
Authors: Wang Xuefeng , Andrews Lester
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Fibrous Red Phosphorus.
Authors: Ruck Michael , Hoppe Diana , Wahl Bernhard , Simon Paul , Wang Yuekui , Seifert Gotthard
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The K2nCoMo2+nO7+4n Family of Structures, with n = 2, 3 or 5.
Authors: Engel Jens M. , Ehrenberg Helmut , Fuess Hartmut
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
High‐Pressure Synthesis of α‐PbO2 and Its Crystal Structure at 293, 203, and 113 K from Single Crystal Diffraction Data.
Authors: Filatov Stanislav , Bendeliani Nikolay , Albert Barbara , Kopf Juergen , Dyuzeva Tatiana , Lityagina Ludmila
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
The High‐Pressure Behavior of CdSe up to 3 GPa and the Orientation Relations Between Its Wurtzite‐ and NaCl‐Type Modifications.
Authors: Sowa Heidrun
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Examination of the Bonding in Binary Transition‐Metal Monophosphides MP (M: Cr, Mn, Fe, Co) by X‐Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy.
Authors: Grosvenor Andrew P. , Wik Stephen D. , Cavell Ronald G. , Mar Arthur
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel Bismuth—Molybdenum Oxide and Study of Its Ionic Conducting Behavior.
Authors: Vila Eladio , Iglesias Juan E. , Galy Jean , Castro Alicia
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Dehydrogenation of a Combined LiAlH4/LiNH2 System.
Authors: Lu Jun , Fang Zhigang Zak
Published: January 2006

For Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.
Ab initio Thermochemistry Involving Heavy Atoms: An Investigation of the Reactions Hg + IX (X: I, Br, Cl, O)
Authors: Shepler Benjamin C. , Balabanov Nikolai B. , Peterson Kirk A.
Published: January 2006

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Isothermal Section of the Na0.3CoO2—H2O Phase Diagram at 22 °C from 11 to 100% Relative Humidity.
Authors: Poltavets Viktor V. , Lokshin Konstantin A. , Greenblatt Martha
Published: January 2006

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Chemical Interaction Between Ba2YCu3O6+x and CeO2 at p(O2) = 100 Pa.
Authors: Wong‐Ng W. , Yang Z. , Cook L. P. , Huang Q. , Kaduk J. A. , Frank J.
Published: January 2006

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Vertex‐Linked ZnO2S2 Tetrahedra in the Oxysulfide BaZnOS: A New Coordination Environment for Zinc in a Condensed Solid.
Authors: Broadley Sarah , Gal Zoltan A. , Cora Furio , Smura Catherine F. , Clarke Simon J.
Published: January 2006

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Syntheses, 77Se, 203Tl, and 205Tl NMR and Theoretical Studies of the Tl2Se6‐6, Tl3Se5‐6, and Tl3Se5‐7 Anions and the X‐Ray Crystal Structures of [2,2,2‐crypt‐Na]4[Tl4Se8]×en and [2,2,2‐crypt‐Na]2 [Tl2Se4]1∞×en.
Authors: Pirani Ayaaz M. , Mercier Helene P. A. , Suontamo Reijo J. , Schrobilgen Gary J. , Santry David P. , Borrmann Horst
Published: January 2006

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Solvothermal Syntheses of [Ln(en)3(H2O)x (μ3‐xSbS4)] (Ln: La, x = 0; Ln: Nd, x = 1) and [Ln(en)4]SbS4×0.5en (Ln: Eu, Dy, Yb): A Systematic Study on the Formation and Crystal Structures of New Lanthanide Thioantimonates(V).
Authors: Jia Dingxia , Zhao Qianxin , Zhang Yong , Dai Jie , Zuo Jinglin
Published: January 2006

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Low‐Temperature Flux Synthesis, Crystal Structure and Ce‐Doped Luminescence of the First Lutetium Diphosphate NH4LuP2O7.
Authors: Li Man‐Rong , Liu Wei , Chen Hao‐Hong , Yang Xin‐Xin , Wei Zan‐Bin , Cao Dun‐Hua , Gu Mu , Zhao Jing‐Tai
Published: January 2006

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Intermetallic Compounds with Near Zintl Phase Behavior: Ln2Zn3Ge6 (Ln: La, Ce, Pr, Nd) Grown from Liquid Indium.
Authors: Salvador James R. , Bilc Daniel , Gour Jeffrey R. , Mahanti Subhendra D. , Kanatzidis Mercouri G.
Published: January 2006

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Synthesis and Structure of Ta4S9Br8. An Emergent Family of Early Transition Metal Chalcogenide Clusters.
Authors: Sokolov Maxim N. , Gushchin Artem L. , Abramov Pavel A. , Virovets Alexandr V. , Peresypkina Eugenia V. , Kozlova Svetlana G. , Kolesov Boris A. , Vicent Cristian , Fedin Vladimir P.
Published: January 2006

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New Molybdenum Oxides Ag4M2Zr(MoO4)6 (M: Mg, Mn, Co, Zn) with a Channel‐Like Structure.
Authors: Khobrakova Erzhena T. , Morozov Vladimir A. , Khasanov Salavat S. , Tsyrenova Galina D. , Khaikina Elena G. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Lazoryak Bogdan I.
Published: January 2006

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Hydrothermal Synthesis and Structures of the Open‐Framework Copper Silicates Na2 [Cu2Si4O11](H2O)2 (CuSH‐2Na), Na2[CuSi3O8] (CuSH‐3Na), Cs2Na4 [Cu2Si12O27(OH)2] (OH)2 (CuSH‐4NaCs), and Na2 [Cu2Si5O13](H2O)3 (CuSH‐6Na).
Authors: Wang Xiqu , Liu Lumei , Wang Lingbao , Jacobson Allan J.
Published: January 2006

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Sn19.3Cu4.7As22I8: A New Clathrate‐I Compound with Transition‐Metal Atoms in the Cationic Framework.
Authors: Kovnir Kirill A. , Sobolev Alexei V. , Presniakov Igor A. , Lebedev Oleg I. , Van Tendeloo Gustaaf , Schnelle Walter , Grin Yuri , Shevelkov Andrei V.
Published: January 2006

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Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylic Amination Using Aspartic Acid Derived P‐Chirogenic Diaminophosphine Oxides: DIAPHOXs.
Authors: Nemoto Tetsuhiro , Masuda Takamasa , Akimoto Yuichi , Fukuyama Takashi , Hamada Yasumasa
Published: January 2006

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Nanocrystalline MgO for Asymmetric Henry and Michael Reactions.
Authors: Choudary Boyapati M. , Ranganath Kalluri V. S. , Pal Ujjwal , Kantam Mannepalli L. , Sreedhar Bojja
Published: January 2006

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Enantioselective 1,4‐Addition of Ar3Bi, [ArBF3]K, and ArSiF3 to Enones Catalyzed by a Dicationic Palladium(II)—Chiraphos or —Dipamp Complex.
Authors: Nishikata Takashi , Yamamoto Yasunori , Gridnev Ilya D. , Miyaura Norio
Published: January 2006

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D‐Aminoacylase‐Catalyzed Markovnikov Addition of Azoles to Vinyl Esters in Organic Solvents.
Authors: Wu Wei‐Bo , Xu Jian‐Ming , Wu Qi , Lv De‐Shui , Lin Xian‐Fu
Published: January 2006

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A New (R)‐Hydroxynitrile Lyase from Prunus mume: Asymmetric Synthesis of Cyanohydrins.
Authors: Nanda Samik , Kato Yasuo , Asano Yasuhisa
Published: January 2006

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Chiral Bis‐phosphoramidites Based on Linked‐BINOL for Rhodium‐Catalyzed 1,4‐Addition of Arylboronic Acids to α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds.
Authors: Yamamoto Yasunori , Kurihara Kazunori , Sugishita Noriyuki , Oshita Kengo , Piao Dongguo , Miyaura Norio
Published: January 2006

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A Novel MCR of Isocyanates, Aldehydes, and Dienophiles.
Authors: Struebing Dirk , Neumann Helfried , Huebner Sandra , Klaus Stefan , Beller Matthias
Published: January 2006

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A Highly Stereoselective Sequential Allylic Transfer Reaction of Diene with Diboronyl Reagent and Aldehydes Promoted by Nickel Catalyst.
Authors: Yu Chan‐Mo , Youn Jinsuop , Yoon Seok‐Keun , Hong Young‐Tack
Published: January 2006

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Maleates from Diazoacetates and Dilactones from Head‐to‐Head Dimerization of Alkenyl Diazoacetates Using Grubbs′ 2nd‐Generation Ruthenium Carbene Catalyst.
Authors: Hodgson David M. , Angrish Deepshikha
Published: January 2006

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One‐Pot Synthesis of Benzolactones and Lactams via a Cobalt‐Catalyzed Regioselective [2 + 2 + 2] Cocyclotrimerization of Alkynyl Alcohols and Amines with Propiolates.
Authors: Chang Hong‐Tai , Jeganmohan Masilamani , Cheng Chien‐Hong
Published: January 2006

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Facile Access to Condensed Arenothiophenes — Preparation of Dihydrophenanthrothiophenes and Dihydrophenanthro[1]benzothiophenes.
Authors: Watanabe Masataka , Matsumoto Taisuke , Mataka Shuntaro , Thiemann Thies
Published: January 2006

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Synthesis of Unsymmetric Trisanellated Benzenes Using a SOCl2/EtOH Reagent.
Authors: Hu Zhiguo , Dong Zhibing , Liu Jun , Liu Wenjie , Zhu Xinling
Published: January 2006

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DABCO‐Catalyzed Reaction of α‐Halo Carbonyl Compounds with Dimethyl Acetylenedicarboxylate: A Novel Method for the Preparation of Polysubstituted Furans and Highly Functionalized 2H‐Pyrans.
Authors: Fan Mingjin , Yan Zeyi , Liu Weimin , Liang Yongmin
Published: January 2006

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Conversion of Epoxides into trans‐Diols or trans‐Diol Monoethers by Iron(III) Porphyrin Complex.
Authors: Han Jung Hee , Hong Sung Jin , Lee Eun Yong , Lee Jung Hwan , Kim Hee Jin , Kwak Han , Kim Cheal
Published: January 2006

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Organocatalytic Asymmetric α‐Bromination of Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Bertelsen Soeren , Halland Nis , Bachmann Stephan , Marigo Mauro , Braunton Alan , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: January 2006

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Reaction of Quadricyclane with Fluorinated Sulfur‐Containing Compounds.
Authors: Petrov Viacheslav A. , Krespan Carl G. , Marshall Will
Published: January 2006

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N‐(2‐Bromotetrafluoroethyl) Derivatives of Five‐Membered Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Petko Kirill I. , Sokolenko Taras M. , Bezdudny Andreii V. , Yagupolskii Lev M.
Published: January 2006

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A Versatile Catalyst for Asymmetric Reactions of Carbonyl Groups Working Purely by Activation Through Hydrogen Bonding: Mukaiyama Aldol, hetero‐Diels—Alder and Friedel—Crafts Reactions.
Authors: Zhuang Wei , Poulsen Thomas B. , Joergensen Karl Anker
Published: January 2006

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The Unprecedented Reaction of Dimethylsulfonium Methylide with Michael Acceptors: Synthesis of 1‐Substituted Vinyl Silanes and Styrenes.
Authors: Date Sonali M. , Singh Rekha , Ghosh Sunil K.
Published: January 2006

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Polymer—Micelle Incarcerated Scandium as a Polymer‐Supported Catalyst for High‐Throughput Organic Synthesis.
Authors: Takeuchi Masahiro , Akiyama Ryo , Kobayashi Shu
Published: January 2006

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Dialkylaminopyridine‐Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanosphere as an Efficient and Highly Stable Heterogeneous Nucleophilic Catalyst.
Authors: Chen Hung‐Ting , Huh Seong , Wiench Jerzy W. , Pruski Marek , Lin Victor S.‐Y.
Published: January 2006

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Δ3‐Aryl/heteroaryl Substituted Heterocycles via Sequential Pd‐Catalyzed Termolecular Cascade/Ring Closing Metathesis (RCM).
Authors: Dondas H. Ali , Clique Blandine , Cetinkaya Bekir , Grigg Ronald , Kilner Colin , Morris James , Sridharan Visuvanathar
Published: January 2006

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1,3‐Dibromo‐5,5‐dimethylhydantoin as Catalyst for the Conversion of Aldehydes to Their 1,1‐Diacetates (Acetylals) under Solvent‐Free and Neutral Conditions.
Authors: Azarifar Davood , Ghasemnejad Hassan , Ramzanian‐Lehmali Farhad
Published: January 2006

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Solventless Rapid Synthesis of Oxime, Semicarbazone, and Phenylhydrazone Derivatives from Carbonyl Compounds under Microwave Conditions.
Authors: Kamakshi R. , Reddy Boreddy S. R.
Published: January 2006

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Regioselective Ring Opening of [(Perfluoroalkyl)methyl] Oxiranes with N‐Nucleophiles.
Authors: Conte L. , Maniero F. , Zaggia A. , Bertani R. , Gambaretto G. , Berton A. , Seraglia R.
Published: January 2006

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Addition of Tethered Nonaromatic Carbon Nucleophiles to Chemoselectively Activated Amides.
Authors: Belanger Guillaume , Larouche‐Gauthier Robin , Menard Frederic , Nantel Miguel , Barabe Francis
Published: January 2006

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Michael—Stork Addition of Cyclopentyl Enamine to Allenyl Ketones and Esters.
Authors: Silvestri Maximilian A. , Bromfield Deborah C. , Lepore Salvatore D.
Published: January 2006

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Synthesis, 17O NMR Spectroscopy and Structure of 2‐Trifluoroacetyl‐1‐methoxycycloalkenes.
Authors: Bonacorso Helio G. , Costa Michelle B. , Moura Sidnei , Pizzuti Lucas , Martins Marcos A. P. , Zanatta Nilo , Flores Alex F. C.
Published: January 2006

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Nucleophilic Difluoromethylation and Difluoromethylenation Using Bromodifluoromethyl Phenyl Sulfone.
Authors: Prakash G. K. Surya , Wang Ying , Hu Jinbo , Olah George A.
Published: January 2006

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Asymmetric Aza‐Henry Reactions from N‐p‐Tolylsulfinylimines.
Authors: Garcia Ruano Jose Luis , Topp Markus , Lopez‐Cantarero Jesus , Aleman Jose , Remuinan Modesto J. , Cid M. Belen
Published: January 2006

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Direct Alkenylation of Arylamines at the ortho‐Position with Magnesium Alkylidene Carbenoids and Some Theoretical Studies of the Reactions.
Authors: Satoh Tsuyoshi , Ogino Yumi , Ando Kaori
Published: January 2006

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Intermolecular C—N Addition of Amides and S—N Addition of Sulfinamides to Arynes.
Authors: Liu Zhijan , Larock Richard C.
Published: January 2006

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Copper‐Catalyzed Arylation of Amines Using Diphenyl Pyrrolidine‐2‐phosphonate as the New Ligand.
Authors: Rao Honghua , Fu Hua , Jiang Yuyang , Zhao Yufen
Published: January 2006

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Phosphine‐Triggered Complete Chemo‐Switch: From Efficient Aldehyde—Alkyne—Amine Coupling to Efficient Aldehyde—Alkyne Coupling in Water.
Authors: Yao Xiaoquan , Li Chao‐Jun
Published: January 2006

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Ruthenium(II) Complexes of Monodonor Ligands: Efficient Reagents for Asymmetric Ketone Hydrogenation.
Authors: Xu Yingjian , Clarkson Guy C. , Docherty Gordon , North Carl L. , Woodward Gary , Wills Martin
Published: January 2006

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Ru‐SYNPHOS® and Ru‐DIFLUORPHOS®: Highly Efficient Catalysts for Practical Preparation of β‐Hydroxy Amides.
Authors: Touati Ridha , Gmiza Thouraya , Jeulin Severine , Deport Coralie , Ratovelomanana‐Vidal Virginie , Ben Hassine Bechir , Genet Jean‐Pierre
Published: January 2006

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DABCO—POCl3, a Mild Dehydrating Agent for the Preparation of Nitriles from Aldoximes.
Authors: Heravi Majid M. , Bakhtiari Khadijeh , Shoar Rahim Hekmat , Oskooie Hossein A.
Published: January 2006

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Asymmetric Synthesis of 5‐Arylcyclohexenones by Rhodium(I)‐Catalyzed Conjugate Arylation of Racemic 5‐(Trimethylsilyl)cyclohexenone with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Chen Qian , Kuriyama Masami , Soeta Takahiro , Hao Xinyu , Yamada Ken‐ichi , Tomioka Kiyoshi
Published: January 2006

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Synthesis and Antiviral Activities of Some 4,4′‐ and 2,2′‐Dihydroxytriphenylmethanes.
Authors: Mibu Nobuko , Yokomizo Kazumi , Uyeda Masaru , Sumoto Kunihiro
Published: January 2006

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Synthesis, Reaction, and Recycle of Fluorous Palladium Catalysts for an Asymmetric Allylic Alkylation Without Using Fluorous Solvents.
Authors: Mino Takashi , Sato Yutaka , Saito Akio , Tanaka Youichi , Saotome Hiroaki , Sakamoto Masami , Fujita Tsutomu
Published: January 2006

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Reversal of Facial Selectivity in Complex Diels—Alder Reactions.
Authors: Funel Jacques‐Alexis , Ricard Louis , Prunet Joelle
Published: January 2006

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The Simple and Selective Synthesis of 3‐Amino‐2,2‐difluorocarboxylic Esters and Difluoro‐β‐Lactams Using Ethyl Bromodifluoroacetate in the Presence of Rhodium Catalyst.
Authors: Sato Kazuyuki , Tarui Atsushi , Matsuda Seiji , Omote Masaaki , Ando Akira , Kumadaki Itsumaro
Published: January 2006

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