bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Parental visual dysfunction and its associations with early childhood development in a community sample of families in Beijing, China
Authors: Li Xinting , Li Yangjiani , Dong Shuyang , Bao Zheng
Published: November 2024

While research has associated parental visual functions with child vision, little is known about whether parental visual dysfunction is related to early childhood development (ECD) outcomes other than vision. Considering that parents with visual dysfunction conditions may encounter difficulties in engaging in some daily activities, the children of these parents possibly have fewer opportunities to acquire and refine certain ECD skills. This research explores associations between parental visual dysfunction conditions and different ECD outcomes in a community sample of families from Beijing, China. Participants were parents of 2140 young children (44.4% girls; age range = 0.75–63.25 months). Parents reported concerns about their visual dysfunction and responded to the Chinese version of the Ages and Stages Questionnaires, Third Edition (ASQ-C). Family demographics and child health indicators were controlled for as covariates. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) tests were used to compare group differences in the ASQ-C scores. Logistic regressions were conducted to examine the relative risk of suspected developmental delays in the ECD domains for children with parents with different visual function conditions. Results showed that children whose parents had visual dysfunction scored lower on the gross motor domain. Specifically, children whose parents had visual dysfunction conditions other than myopia had lower scores on the gross-motor and problem-solving domains relative to their counterparts. This group of children was prone to suspected developmental delays in the problem-solving domain. In conclusion, our findings suggest that having parents with visual dysfunction conditions other than myopia may be a risk, potentially compromising ECD in China.
Morphological remodeling of the repaired sigmoid sinus bone wall in patients with pulsatile tinnitus after successful surgical reconstruction: an ultra-high-resolution CT study
Authors: Dai Chihang , Zhao Pengfei , Wang Guopeng , Ding Heyu , Lv Han , Gong Shusheng , Wang Zhenchang
Published: November 2024

Background

Sigmoid sinus wall reconstruction (SSWR) is an effective treatment for pulsatile tinnitus (PT). However, follow-up postoperative imaging manifestations have not been extensively reported.

Purpose

To evaluate the morphological changes in patients with PT after successful SSWR using ultra-high-resolution computed tomography (U-HRCT).

Material and Methods

Data were retrospectively analyzed from 10 patients with PT who underwent successful SSWR primarily with autologous bone powder. U-HRCT scans were performed within 3 days of surgery and repeated 6 months later. The integrity, relative density, extent, and shape of the repaired wall were analyzed. The chi-square test was used to compare the categorical variables and the Phi (φ) coefficient was used to represent the magnitude of the correlation.

Results

Among the 10 patients with PT, 1 (10%) achieved complete coverage of the defect with the residual bone, 8 (80%) had partial coverage, and 1 (10%) showed complete separation. A gap between the repaired wall and residual bone in the initial U-HRCT was linked to incomplete defect coverage in the subsequent U-HRCT scan ( P < 0.001, φ = 0.903). The repaired wall shrank from the periphery to the center and the density increased. The repaired wall compressed into the sigmoid sinus retracts over time, reshaping into a naturally curved sigmoid sinus sulcus.

Conclusion

Morphological remodeling is a typical characteristic of the repaired sigmoid sinus wall in patients with PT. Short-term incomplete repair may imply incomplete coverage of the defect in the future, but this is not correlated with recurrence.
Examining how brief mindfulness training influences communication within the brain of musicians with music performance anxiety: A resting state fMRI study
Authors: Boileau Kayla , Stanson Nicole , Fang Zhuo , Barbeau Kheana , Hansen Umara , Comeau Gilles , Smith Andra
Published: November 2024

Many musicians live with music performance anxiety (MPA), which may affect their psychological and physiological functioning. Mindfulness, being aware in the present moment without judgment, has been found to help ease anxiety. Mindfulness may also help alleviate the negative effects of MPA, but what is the neurophysiological basis for this effect? Core components of mindfulness, including emotional processing and acceptance, are related to specific patterns of brain activity. In the current study, 20 musicians with MPA underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan (Time 1), a method to examine the communication between brain regions at rest. Notably, 10 musicians then underwent 2 weeks of mindfulness training, while 10 did not. The same scan sequence was repeated in all participants 2 weeks later (Time 2). Compared with Time 1, participants in the mindfulness group exhibited decreased resting-state functional connectivity between areas of the prefrontal cortex and the vermis-6 and crus-II at Time 2. These two areas of the cerebellum are related to emotional processing and acceptance. Changes in communication between these brain regions and the prefrontal cortex suggest the neurophysiological influences of mindfulness and how mindfulness can be used to strengthen emotion regulation networks in musicians with MPA.
Who Is Afraid of …? A Spell Against the Evil Eye (pBM EA10563)
Authors: Beck Susanne
Published: November 2024

The fear of the evil eye is common throughout the world and found in many cultures. Interestingly, there are only a few examples known from ancient Egypt, even if sources such as the Temple Library of Edfu state that there existed rituals against the evil eye. The following article presents papyrus BM EA10563, which contains a new spell against the evil eye, before all known attestations are presented in chronological order and discussed.

[Formula: see text]
Transcriptome analysis reveals the molecular mechanisms of neonicotinoid acetamiprid in Leydig cells
Authors: Liu Xun , Wang Ce , Ma Yue , Fu Linxiang , Luo Wanji , Xu Changjie , Tian Ying , Ma Mingyue , Mao Yaping
Published: November 2024

At present, the reproductive toxicology of neonicotinoids has received greater attention, however, its potential mechanisms are still not fully understood. Acetamiprid (ACE) is a new-generation neonicotinoid and has become a ubiquitous contaminant in the environment. This study aimed to investigate the toxic effects of ACE in TM3 Leydig cells based on transcriptome analysis. The viability and apoptosis of TM3 cells exposed to different concentrations of ACE were assessed by CCK8 and flow cytometry, respectively. After ACE exposure, transcriptome analysis was performed to screen differential expression genes (DEGs), followed by qPCR verification. Results showed that ACE exposure resulted in a time- and dose-dependent decrease in the viability of TM3 cells ( p < .05). ACE also exerted a dose-dependent pro-apoptotic effect on TM3 cells. Results of RNA-seq showed that 1477 DEGs were obtained, of which 539 DEGs were up-regulated and 938 DEGs were down-regulated. GO and KEGG analyses of DEGs showed that DNA replication and cell cycle might be the key mechanisms for the cytotoxicity of ACE. qPCR results demonstrated that Mdm2, Cdkn1a (p21) and Gadd45 were significantly increased, and Pcna, Ccna2 (CycA), Ccnb1 (CycB), Ccne1 (CycE), and Cdk1 were significantly decreased, indicating that ACE exposure might promote G1/S and G2/M cell cycle arrest. Additionally, FoxO, p53, and HIF-1 signaling pathways and ferroptosis might play important roles in ACE-induced reproductive toxicity. Collectively, this study provides new perspectives into the mechanism of ACE-induced reproductive toxicity and lays a theoretical foundation for the in-depth study of non-target toxicity mechanisms of neonicotinoid insecticides.
Managing Angiography Unit Failure in Interventional Radiology: Lessons in Crisis Management and Considerations in Prevention
Authors: O’Leary Cathal , Mafeld Sebastian , Hilario Kathy , Chan Tze Yuan , Jaberi Arash
Published: November 2024

Functional and efficient medical equipment is at the core of modern healthcare delivery, particularly in medical imaging. Growing healthcare costs and constrained budgets can delay equipment renewal. Aging equipment risks malfunction, potentially causing injury to patients and staff, and downtimes delaying patient care and impacting departmental revenue. Extensive equipment failure can lead to significant operational disruption which can compromise the delivery of timely and quality healthcare. Although extensive equipment failure is uncommon, 2 interventional radiology divisions at tertiary academic hospitals in Canada and the UK recently faced such a crisis. Their experiences of crisis and recovery inform this review of angiography equipment failure, and the principles learned. The concept of organizational resilience is introduced as a framework through which we review the crises. This concept can be split into successive and cooperative stages of anticipation, coping, and adaptation. Resilient organizations can identify potential threats, cope with unexpected crises, and recover swiftly to ensure future success. The author’s experience of critical angiography unit failure, their response, and lessons learned are reviewed. We find these principles are broadly applicable to other medical imaging divisions and relevant to any system reliant on technology for healthcare delivery.
Adaptive third-order integral sliding mode control for the mobile petroleum crane-form pipelines system with input bounded
Authors: Wang Baigeng , Li Shurong
Published: November 2024

The mobile petroleum crane-form pipelines (MPCFP) system is one of the most important mechanical equipment in the petrochemical industry, consisting of rigid pipelines and rotating elbows, mainly used for loading and unloading petrochemical fluids. This paper proposes a novel neural network adaptive third-order integral sliding mode tracking control strategy with bounded inputs to achieve automatic alignment between the MPCFP system and the inlet of the tank truck. The proposed strategy replaces normal system inputs with the time derivative of the control torque. Although there are discontinuous terms in the derivative of the control torque, the integrated control torque is continuous. This unique feature ensures finite-time convergence of system state errors and eliminates sliding mode chattering. To address the issues of bounded input and modeling error, a state compensation method is introduced, and a neural network adaptive algorithm is utilized to estimate the modeling error. The stability proof process employs the Lyapunov function method, demonstrating that the system state error can converge to zero. Numerous simulation experiments validate the effectiveness of this control strategy.
Updating reduced-order dynamic model for flexible-joint arm to design adaptive feedback linearization control
Authors: Samiei Seyed Kianoosh , Mirzaei Mehdi , Rafatnia Sadra , Avval Sasan Salmani Pour , Yarinia Negin
Published: November 2024

This study deals with the construction of an enhanced dynamic model for a lever-arm with flexible-joint to design a feedback linearization controller. The uncertainties of reduced-order model with nominal parameters are compensated via a complementary term to upgrade it to the actual system. The proposed method uses data fusion of encoder/gyroscope to remove the measurement errors. Mathematical analyses are provided to show the stochastic stability of the proposed scheme. Accordingly, a fuzzy adaptive solution is presented to effectively schedule the free parameters of the algorithm. The enhanced reduced-order model is used to design a feedback linearization law for control of lever-arm position. The controller adapts itself to the actual system, and is reliable and cost-effective because of using less sensors. The simulation studies indicate a higher accuracy of the proposed system compared with the controller designed by the full-order model in the presence of parametric uncertainties and disturbances. Also, experimental results conducted on a fabricated platform demonstrate the effectiveness of the suggested system to control the arm position in different scenarios. The comparative results with prevalent controllers indicate higher accuracy with smaller control input for the proposed controller to reject the disturbances and other uncertainties.
Process optimization and finite element modeling in magnetorheological abrasive finishing of SS-316L with surface characterization
Authors: Chaudhari Kaustubh , Bhoi Neeraj Kumar , Singh Harpreet
Published: November 2024

This study explores the potential of Magnetorheological Abrasive Finishing (MRAF) for ultra-precision finishing of SS-316L using a high-performance Nd-Fe-B (N-35 grade) magnetic tool. Key parameters, including the relationship between normal force (Fn) and working gap, magnetic flux distribution, and finishing spot area, were analyzed using ANSYS 2020 R1® Magnetostatic module simulations. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) were optimized through response surface methodology (RSM) using a central composite design (CCD) with two primary input factors: SiC abrasive volume fraction (5%, 10%, 15%) and abrasive mesh size (800, 1000, 1200). Statistical analysis via ANOVA revealed a significant influence of process variables, achieving a remarkable surface finish with a minimum Ra of 52 nm in just 60 min, utilizing an MR fluid with 10% SiC abrasives. Microscopic and spectroscopic evaluations confirmed enhanced surface morphology and microstructural refinement. Moreover, bioactivity studies in simulated body fluid highlighted improved hydroxyapatite layer formation on the finished SS-316L samples, underscoring the process’s potential for biomedical applications.
Diachronic evolution in subsistence strategies of ancient humans from the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age in the Western Liaohe River Basin and its influencing factors
Authors: Wang Wei , Duan Futao , Jia Xin , Sun Yonggang , Huang Wenbo , An Chengbang
Published: November 2024

The Western Liaohe River Basin, rich in prehistoric cultures, is one of the significant origins of Chinese civilization. However, what is the subsistence basis that supports the development of prehistoric cultures in this region? More importantly, which role did agriculture play in the development of various prehistoric cultures? Which factors drive the diachronic evolution in subsistence strategies? These issues are worthy of study. Based on this, we systematically collected zooarchaeological, archaeobotanical, and stable isotope data from various prehistoric archeological cultural sites spanning from the Neolithic Age to the Bronze Age in the Western Liaohe River Basin, attempting to explore their economic characteristics, evolution process as well as driving factor. The study found that in the Western Liaohe River Basin, the cultivation of millet crops may have begun as early as the Xiaohexi cultural period, and domestic pigs and dogs may have occurred in the Xinglongwa cultural period (Xionglongwa and Xionglonggou site respectively). However, during Hongshan cultural period, collection and hunting (cervids) remained the main subsistence strategy. In the Lower Xiajiadian cultural period, millet agriculture and domestic pig breeding replaced gathering and hunting, as the predominant subsistence strategy. This subsistence pattern was also adopted by subsequent Upper Xiajiadian cultural populations, and in some areas, animal husbandry developed during this period. We analyze that the evolution of the subsistence strategies of the prehistoric humans in this region may be related with Holocene climate change. Meanwhile, other factors such as improvements in production technology, population pressure and the environmental impacts they brought may also play a role. This study reveals the evolution process of subsistence strategies of prehistoric cultures in the Western Liaohe River Basin, and is of great significance in understanding the relationship between subsistence evolution of ancient populations and environmental changes in northern China.
Face Off: Exploring College Students’ Perceptions Regarding Face Filters on TikTok
Authors: Herman Aubree A. , Brammer Sydney E. , Punyanunt-Carter Narissra M.
Published: November 2024

This study analysed college students’ perceptions of body image on TikTok, specifically regarding face filters. Undergraduate college students ( N = 508) completed an online survey focused on their perceptions of face filters, cultural beauty standards and the role of social media in reinforcing beauty industry pressures on users. This cross-sectional data set was analysed to explore which face filter features were most frequently reported by respondents and what cultural beauty standards college students perceive as most salient. Findings suggest that emerging adults are susceptible to cultural beauty standards and may utilise face filters to cope with the pressure to have an idealised look rooted in Eurocentric features. Theoretical implications and recommendations for future research are discussed.
Crop Diversification in India (1990–2016): Implications for the Eastern and Northeastern States
Authors: Barik Prasenjit , Bedamatta Rajshree
Published: November 2024

This study utilises data from the Agriculture Census for 1990–1991, 2005–2006 and 2015–2016, employing the Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) to assess crop diversification in Indian states. The overall HHI declined from 1990–1991 to 2015–2016, indicating increased crop diversification nationally. However, the proportion of states exceeding the overall average HHI significantly decreased, indicating a shift towards specialisation or monoculture in some states. The analysis notes a decrease in the gross cropped area (GCA) under total food crops (TFC) and an increase in total non-food crops (TNFC). Despite the overall decline in TFC, high-value crops like horticultural produce, sugar crops, spices, and condiments have seen improvement. Focusing on the Eastern region (ER) and the Northeastern region (NER), the study reveals diversification in NER due to higher allocation of land to high-value crops, while economically disadvantaged states in the ER, such as Bihar and Odisha, show a trend towards crop specialisation, potentially affecting overall food security in the region. The study emphasises the need for government support to address persistent vulnerabilities in poverty, unemployment, and low yields in cereals, pulses, and oilseeds in these regions, recommending inputs, infrastructure development, insurance, and market linkages for perishable items to enhance food security.
Baseline Inflammation but not Exercise Modality Impacts Exercise-induced Kynurenine Pathway Modulation in Persons With Multiple Sclerosis: Secondary Results From a Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kupjetz Marie , Patt Nadine , Joisten Niklas , Ueland Per Magne , McCann Adrian , Gonzenbach Roman , Bansi Jens , Zimmer Philipp
Published: November 2024

Background:

The kynurenine pathway (KP) is an important hub in neuroimmune crosstalk that is dysregulated in persons with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) and modulated by exercise in a modality-specific manner.

Objectives:

To compare changes in the KP metabolite profile of pwMS (1) following combined treatments including either high-intensity interval training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) during a 3-week multimodal rehabilitation, (2) to evaluate exercise response in relation to baseline systemic inflammation, and (3) to investigate associations of kynurenines with physical capacity and clinical outcomes.

Methods:

For this secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial, serum concentrations of kynurenines at baseline and after 3 weeks were determined using targeted metabolomics (LC-MS/MS). Exercise-induced changes in the KP metabolite profile according to treatment and baseline systemic inflammation (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) <3.12 versus ⩾3.12) were investigated using covariance analyses.

Results:

Regardless of treatment, concentrations of tryptophan and most kynurenines decreased over time. Quinolinic acid concentration increased ( p < .001). Participants with low and high NLR revealed differential exercise-induced changes in concentrations of kynurenines and NLR. The systemic inflammation markers neopterin ( p = .015) and NLR ( p < .001) decreased in the whole group and in participants with high NLR, respectively.

Conclusions:

Combined treatments including HIIT or MICT do not differentially modulate the KP metabolite profile, with both reducing concentrations of most kynurenines. Baseline systemic inflammation may impact exercise-induced changes in the KP metabolite profile and anti-inflammatory effects of exercise in pwMS.

Trial registration:

clinicaltrials.gov (identifier: NCT04356248)
Algorithmic experiences of Netflix’s users in the Arab world: Implications for agency and social practice
Authors: Ben Moussa Mohamed , Khalil Engy , Zaid Bouziane
Published: November 2024

Netflix has significantly reshaped the global production, distribution, and consumption of audiovisual content. While Netflix claims its algorithm-driven platform provides superior services and limitless choices, it raises concerns about human agency, autonomy, and data justice. These concerns are especially pressing in the Global South, where predatory data extraction practices are prevalent. Research on this issue faces challenges, including a dichotomy between algorithmic power and human agency, limited exploration of user perspectives, and a lack of studies in non-Western contexts. This paper addresses these gaps using a socio-constructivist lens, centering users’ experiences in understanding algorithms as sociotechnical systems. Through reflexive in-depth interviews, it examines Netflix users in Egypt, UAE, Morocco, and Jordan. Drawing on Domestication Theory and a relational view of agency, it explores how users engage with, interpret, and resist algorithmic impacts. The paper argues that while users interact with these systems, their engagement is shaped by asymmetrical power, where algorithms control the parameters of user agency. It highlights the often-overlooked relational nature of agency, co-constructed through everyday interactions with these systems.
Multi-pass weld influence on metallurgical, tensile, impact toughness and fatigue crack growth behavior of gas tungsten arc welded Ti-6Al-4V joints
Authors: Gautam Bhanu Pratap , Shahi A.S.
Published: November 2024

A comparative study on the influence of changing the number of weld passes on the metallurgical and mechanical properties of Ti-6Al-4 V alloy was carried out. Two welded joints involving 3-pass and 4-pass welding procedure were fabricated for 7 mm thick Ti-6Al-4 V plates using gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process. A compatible solid filler of Ti-6Al-4 V was used to weld these plates. A significant variation in the microstructure and the microhardness of the upper part of the fusion zones of these welds was observed. Equiaxed microstructure possessed by the base metal resulted into relatively better transverse tensile strength, ductility, and impact toughness than the 3-pass and the 4-pass weld. Widmanstätten and martensite-α′ microstructure associated with the fusion zone of the 3-pass weld resulted into a larger fraction of high angle grain boundaries (HAGBs) which accounted for higher resistance to fatigue crack propagation in this weld. Fusion zone of the 4-pass weld possessed lamellar and basketweave microstructure which had a lower fraction of HAGBs and, hence exhibited relatively lower resistance to fatigue crack propagation as compared to the 3-pass weld. However, equiaxed microstructure of the base metal could not offer much resistance to fatigue crack propagation, which resulted into relatively poor fatigue performance of the base metal. These fatigue studies indicate that both the weld joints exhibited better fatigue crack resistance than the base metal. This study established that 7 mm thick Ti-6Al-4 V joint welded using 3-pass welding procedure resulted into superior mechanical properties than those obtained by using 4-pass welding procedure.
Life cycle environmental impact assessment of the “Sindhuja-I” wave energy converter
Authors: Singh Devesh , Paul Akshoy Ranjan , Samad Abdus , Haque Nawshad
Published: November 2024

The life cycle assessment (LCA) is an inevitable part of ocean wave energy systems. This paper presents an LCA of the Sindhuja-I ocean wave energy converter (WEC). The WEC is a point absorber type WEC tested at the Tuticorin port in India. This study utilized the ISO 14044 standard and SimaPro LCA software to assess the environmental impact of the WEC in comparison to a coal power plant, offshore wind, and tidal energy devices. The functional unit considered is the generation of 1 kWh of electricity. The WEC has a global warming potential of 174 gCO2-eq/kWh, showcasing an impressive 81.9% reduction in emissions compared to coal power plants. Stainless steel contributes significantly to emissions, accounting for 93.7%, 94.6%, 99.4%, and 94.1% of total CO2, NOx, SO2, and PM2.5 emissions, respectively. The paper emphasizes the potential environmental benefits of recycling WEC materials at the end of their lifespan. Furthermore, the study suggests that the longevity of a point absorber device can positively impact its overall environmental footprint, given its minimal moving parts and low maintenance requirements. The WEC has a promising environmental footprint of ocean wave energy conversion, particularly compared to traditional fossil fuel-based power generation.
Persistent postsurgical pain in hip fracture patients. A prospective longitudinal study with multifaceted assessment
Authors: Nomoto Yutaro , Nishi Yuki , Nakagawa Koichi , Goto Kyo , Kondo Yutaro , Yamashita Junichiro , Morita Kaoru , Kataoka Hideki , Sakamoto Junya , Okita Minoru
Published: November 2024

Background

Some patients with postoperative hip fractures (HF) experience persistent severe pain. In this longitudinal study, we examined the characteristics of patients with persistent pain after HF surgery, and the factors influencing pain intensity.

Methods

We conducted an 8-week prospective study in patients with postsurgical HF. Verbal rating scale (VRS), and multifaceted outcomes, including pressure pain threshold (PPT) (affected site and biceps), were evaluated at 2, 4, and 8 weeks postoperatively. Patients were divided into mild (VRS ≤1) and severe (VRS ≥2) groups according to pain intensity at 8 weeks postoperatively. Statistical analyses were performed using two-way ANOVA and decision-tree analysis.

Results

VRS, PPT at the affected site and biceps, and physical activity (PA) time were significantly lower in the severe group than in the mild group 2 weeks postoperatively. VRS, PPT at the affected site, pain catastrophizing (PCS)-13, and the Tampa Scale for Kineshiophobia (TSK)-11 did not show significant improvements in the severe group. Decision tree analysis revealed that the VRS and PCS-13 at 4 weeks, PA time at 2 weeks, and TSK-11 change between 4 weeks and 2 weeks were factors influencing severe pain intensity at 8 weeks after HF surgery.

Conclusion

Persistent severe pain after HF surgery was characterised by high peripheral and central sensitisation, pain catastrophizing, and reduced PA at 2 weeks after HF surgery. In addition, early pain intensity, pain catastrophizing, and PA may be hierarchically influential factors for persistent pain 8 weeks after HF surgery.
Cultures of transparency in carceral governance: Lessons from the global North/South divide
Authors: Moore Hollis , Brandariz José A. , Chartrand Vicki , Kilty Jennifer M. , Moore Dawn , Sozzo Máximo , Turnbull Sarah
Published: November 2024

This conceptual article offers new ways to map and understand the role of transparency in carceral governance. Mobilizing our expertise in our respective fields of study, we comparatively reflect on case studies of carceral transparency in Argentina, Canada, and Spain. In each, we decentre forms of transparency favoured by carceral authorities by considering the range of mechanisms and actors at play in the production of transparency. Taken together, our accounts of cultures of transparency in prisons and migrant detention facilities in the global north and south highlight absences and presences of different means of generating transparency across carceral sites and denaturalize northern and state-centric ideas about carceral transparency. Ultimately, our juxtaposition of three cultures of transparency reveals the range of means of generating carceral knowledge and the potential scope for its dissemination. Amidst persistent human rights violations, this work underlines the need for further southernized research on transparency to shape possibilities of carceral governance.
The economic burden of diagnostic uncertainty on rare disease patients
Authors: Willmen Lukas , Völkel Lukas , Willmen Tina , Deckersbach Thilo , Geyer Siegfried , Wagner Annette Doris
Published: November 2024

Background

It often takes a long time before a rare disease is diagnosed. Without a diagnosis, the right therapy often cannot be carried out and without the right therapy, the patients are denied the opportunity for a cure or relief from their symptoms.

In addition, rare diseases can also have economic consequences for those affected. This study aimed to investigate the extent to which a rare disease affects the income and work performance of the patients concerned and whether the use of AI in diagnostics would have the potential to reduce economic losses.

Methods

The work performance and income of 71 patients of the outpatient clinic for rare inflammatory systemic diseases with renal involvement at Hannover Medical School were analyzed during the course of the disease. The WHO Health and Work Performance Questionnaire (HPQ) was used to collect data. During the patient interviews, the questionnaire was completed four times: at the onset of the first symptoms, when a diagnostic decision support system (DDSS) would have suggested the correct diagnosis, at the time of diagnosis and at the current status.

Results

With the onset of the diagnostic odyssey, the monthly net income of the patients under study dropped by an average of 5.32% due to lower work performance or work absenteeism. With the correct diagnosis, the original or even a better income of 11.92% could be achieved. Loss of income due to illness was more massive in patients with a rare disease with joint, muscle and connective tissue involvement than in patients with rare vasculitides. If a DDSS had been used, the loss of income would have been 2.66% instead of the actual 5.32%.

Conclusion

Rare diseases resulted in temporary or existing income losses in 28.17% of the patients. Losses in work performance and income were related to the type of disease and were more pronounced in patients with joint, muscle or connective tissue disease than in patients with rare vasculitides.

The use of a DDSS may have the potential to reduce the negative income effects of patients through earlier correct diagnosis.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered.
A study of novel telephone sequence spaces and some geometric properties
Authors: Yaying Taja
Published: November 2024

For a nonnegative integer k, let $\mathcal {T}_{k}$

T
k

denote the kth telephone number. Consider the matrix $\mathfrak{T}=(\mathfrak {T}_{kr})$
T
=
(

T

k
r

)
given by $$\begin{aligned} \mathfrak {T}_{kr}= \textstyle\begin{cases} \dfrac{r\mathcal {T}_{r-1}}{\mathcal {T}_{k+1}-1}, & 0\leq r\leq k, \\ 0 , & r>k, \end{cases}\displaystyle \end{aligned}$$

T

k
r

=

{

r

T

r
−
1

T

k
+
1

−
1

,

0
≤
r
≤
k
,

0
,

r
>
k
,

where $k,r=0,1,2,\dots $
k
,
r
=
0
,
1
,
2
,
…
Using the matrix $\mathfrak{T}$
T
, we define matrix domains $\mathscr{T}_{p}:=(\ell _{p})_{\mathfrak{T}}$

T
p

:
=

(

ℓ
p

)

T

for $0 < p < \infty $
0
<
p
<
∞
and $\mathscr{T}_{\infty}:=(\ell _{\infty})_{\mathfrak{T}}$

T
∞

:
=

(

ℓ
∞

)

T

. In this context, we construct a Schauder basis for $\mathscr{T}_{p}$

T
p

and identify their α-, β-, and γ-duals. We also derive various results pertaining to matrix transformations from the spaces $\mathscr{T}_{p}$

T
p

and $\mathscr{T}_{\infty}$

T
∞

to traditional spaces such as $\ell _{\infty}$

ℓ
∞

, c, $c_{0}$

c
0

, and $\ell _{1}$

ℓ
1

. Additionally, we explore several geometric attributes of the spaces $\mathscr{T}_{p}$

T
p

and $\mathscr{T}_{\infty}$

T
∞

, including the approximation property, D-P property, Hahn–Banach extension property, and rotundity.
Distribution grid monitoring based on feature propagation using smart plugs
Authors: Grafenhorst Simon , Förderer Kevin , Hagenmeyer Veit
Published: November 2024

Smart home power hardware makes it possible to collect a large number of measurements from the distribution grid with low latency. However, the measurements are imprecise, and not every node is instrumented. Therefore, the measured data must be corrected and augmented with pseudo-measurements to obtain an accurate and complete picture of the distribution grid. Hence, we present and evaluate a novel method for distribution grid monitoring. This method uses smart plugs as measuring devices and a feature propagation algorithm to generate pseudo-measurements for each grid node. The feature propagation algorithm exploits the homophily of buses in the distribution grid and diffuses known voltage values throughout the grid. This novel approach to deriving pseudo-measurement values is evaluated using a simulation of SimBench benchmark grids and the IEEE 37 bus system. In comparison to the established GINN algorithm, the presented approach generates more accurate voltage pseudo-measurements with less computational effort. This enables frequent updates of the distribution grid monitoring with low latency whenever a measurement occurs.
A new S-box pattern generation based on chaotic enhanced logistic map: case of 5-bit S-box
Authors: El Gaabouri Ismail , Senhadji Mohamed , Belkasmi Mostafa , El Bhiri Brahim
Published: November 2024

Cryptography plays consistently an essential role in securing any sort of communications or data broadcast over the network. Since the security of any designed block cipher algorithm is related to its Substitution box (S-box), several efforts have been made by researchers to design a vigorous S-box that maintains flawlessly the cost, performance, and security trade-off. From the literature, we can find a variety of input–output sizes of S-boxes, each of which has its benefits and drawbacks. Therefore, this work introduces a new S-box pattern generation based on the chaotic enhanced logistic map where its chaotic behavior offers good randomness ability, a fact that enhances its unpredictability. In our realization, the intention was the generation of a 5-bit Sbox due to its suitability and cost-effectiveness to be integrated into lightweight cryptosystems. Moreover, the S-box security strength is proved by testing it through numerous cryptanalysis measurements. We can mention non-linearity, bijectivity, linearity, differential cryptanalysis, boomerang attacks resilience, Avalanche effect, and algebraic attacks resilience. The results show that our proposition provides good resistance to the aforementioned attacks and even shows superiority over its 5-bit competitors in terms of non-linearity, differential, Boomerang, and algebraic attack resistance.
RXLR effector genes mediate regional adaptation of Phytophthora infestans
Authors: Zheng Jie , Tian Peng , Li Wanyue , Cao Yimeng , Meng Yuling , Zhan Jiasui , Shan Weixing
Published: November 2024

Local adaptation has been a central theme of eco-evolutionary research for decades. It is generally assumed that plant pathogens are locally adapted due to their standing interactions with biotic and abiotic factors in the ecosystem. Effectors, secreted small proteins encoded by pathogens, play critical roles in host–pathogen interactions, by activating host genotype-specific resistance, suppressing plant immunity, and playing other functions. In this study, we investigated the potential involvement of RXLR effector genes in ecological adaptation by examining the simple sequence repeat (SSR), virulence, and effector profiles in Phytophthora infestans isolates collected from two geographic regions differing in ecological environments. Genotypic analyses with SSR markers and virulence assays showed that the pathogen from the two regions shared genetic background but differed in virulence spectrums. High-throughput sequencing and expression analysis of 24 selected P. infestans isolates further showed variations in the RXLR effector repertoire, ranging from 536 to 548 for each isolate and the expression of effector genes was highly associated with the accumulation of homologous sRNA. Regional specific alleles were detected at 94 RXLR effector genes, and a specific accumulation of homologous 25–26 nt sRNAs was found at 67 RXLR effector genes. Two of the regional specific RXLR effector genes were confirmed to be virulence factors. Taken together, these results suggest that genomic and epigenetic variations in RXLR effector genes contribute significantly to the ecological adaptation of P. infestans populations and that regional specific effector genes will help to understand the adaptive landscape of pathogens and efficient use of host resistance genes.
A correlation study of weak core muscles with hamstring muscles flexibility in young adults
Authors: Kapre Tanmaya Milind Swati , Alexander Joseph Oliver Raj
Published: November 2024

Background

Hamstring, being a two-joint muscle, tends to shorten over time, resulting in tightness, affecting performance in daily activities and is also capable of generating exaggerated posterior pelvic tilt, leading to decreased lumbar lordosis. Weak core muscles have been associated with hamstring tightness, and strengthening the core has been attempted in an effort to relax the hamstring tightness. It is believed that the hamstrings overact and over a period of time tightens, when the core is weak, to compensate for postural stability.

Method

Thirty-three subjects, both male and females with and without hamstring tightness, were assessed for their core endurance through McGill’s core endurance test battery. It was followed by active knee extension test to determine degree of hamstring tightness on both sides. Correlation between the two variables was statistically analyzed.

Results

Pearson’s correlation was used to analyze the collected data. A moderate positive but significant correlation (p = 0.02) was found between flexor endurance test and active knee extension (both sides). A weak positive but significant correlation (p = 0.05) was found between extensor endurance test and active knee extension (both sides). Correlation between the right and left lateral bridge with their respective side hamstring flexibility was negative and not significant (p = 0.916 (right lateral torso endurance); p = 0.339 (left lateral torso endurance)).

Conclusion

Since there is a moderate positive but significant correlation between the flexion torso endurance test and both side hamstring flexibility and a weak positive but significant correlation between extension torso endurance test and both side hamstring flexibility, the core (flexor, extensor, and lateral) should be thought of as a whole unit when strengthening in order to maintain and improve hamstring flexibility.
Cell-Free DNA in Hematologic Malignancies
Authors: Schroers-Martin Joseph G. , Alizadeh Ash A.
Published: November 2024

Liquid biopsy techniques using cell-free DNA (cfDNA) play an increasingly important role in the characterization and surveillance of solid tumors. For blood cancers, molecular response assessment techniques using circulating malignant cells or bone marrow aspirates are well established in clinical care. However, cfDNA has an emerging role in hematology as well, with the opportunity for disease assessment and quantification independent of circulating disease burden or invasive biopsies. In this review, we discuss key technologies and clinical data for the utilization of cfDNA in lymphomas, myeloma, and leukemias.
Administrative Aspects of Molecular Diagnostics—Oversight, Regulatory Approval Process, Clinical and Operational Workflows, and Payment Models
Authors: Wilfong Lalan , Baggett Lauren , Reena Philip , Murphy Regina , Singh Harpreet , Kluetz Paul , Byrd Brooke , McDonough Robert , Reddy Shirisha , Brito Rogelio (Roger)
Published: November 2024

This paper discusses the administrative aspects of molecular diagnostics in oncology, including US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) oversight, the regulatory approval process, clinical, and operational workflows, and payment models. Comprehensive molecular testing is important to deliver optimal oncology care and improve patient outcomes. Despite the potential benefits of testing, utilization remains low. The FDA regulatory approval process is reviewed for in vitro diagnostic products, which includes classification into three regulatory classes on the basis of risk. Companion diagnostic devices are used to guide treatment decisions. The clinical and operational challenges associated with molecular testing in oncology are also discussed, including the rapidly evolving landscape of precision oncology, the wide range of biomarker testing options, and complexities of test ordering, interpretation, and result delivery. There is a need for a multifaceted support approach involving education, technology enhancements, and workflow support to overcome these challenges. In terms of payment models, coverage policies between Medicare and commercial payers are compared with differences in coverage criteria, with Medicare focusing on FDA approval or clearance, whereas commercial payers consider additional factors such as National Comprehensive Cancer Network and ASCO guidelines. Commercial payers tend to cover smaller panels on the basis of guideline-recommended biomarkers, whereas coverage for broad tumor profiling is limited. Several strategies can increase the utilization of molecular testing, including integrating test results into electronic medical record platforms, standardizing billing practices, increasing clinical trials, and primary literature supporting the use of molecular testing, educating physicians, and using tumor boards for result interpretation and treatment discussions.
How to Keep Up With Molecular Testing and Targeted Therapies in Lung Cancer
Authors: Malhotra Jyoti , Kim Edward S.
Published: November 2024

Until the early 2000s, advanced or metastatic non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) was treated as a single disease with all histologic subtypes treated alike with standard chemotherapy agents. Over the past two decades, the treatment paradigms for advanced NSCLC have changed dramatically with the discovery of multiple targeted therapies that are now approved for the treatment of NSCLC tumors with specific oncogene drivers or molecular alterations. Molecular testing has become integrated and critical for the clinical management of advanced NSCLC. The discovery and success of these targeted therapies have reshaped the classification of NSCLC on the basis of molecular classification and enabled a personalized approach in thoracic oncology. In this review, we discuss recent developments in the molecular profiling of NSCLC, and approved and emerging targeted therapies for the treatment of NSCLC.
High Diagnostic Accuracy of Arterial Phase CT in Differentiating Pheochromocytoma in Good/Poor Washout Adrenal Masses
Authors: Phadte Aditya , Krishnappa Brijesh , Memon Saba Samad , Patil Virendra , Lila Anurag , Badhe Padma Vikram , Sarathi Vijaya , Fernandes Gwendolyn , Rege Sameer , Prakash Gagan , Menon Santosh , Karlekar Manjiri , Barnabas Rohit , Shah Nalini , Thakkar Hemangini , Bandgar Tushar
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Differentiating pheochromocytomas from other adrenal masses based on computed tomography (CT) characteristics remains challenging, particularly in lipid-poor lesions with variable washout patterns. This study evaluated CT features for distinguishing pheochromocytomas in good and poor washout subcohorts.

Methods

We prospectively analyzed 72 patients with unilateral lipid-poor adrenal masses. CT protocol included basal, bolus-tracked arterial, early venous (45 seconds postarterial), and delayed (15 minutes postarterial) phases. Masses were categorized into good and poor washout groups. Histopathology provided the final diagnosis. CT characteristics and calculated indices were compared between pheochromocytomas and other masses in each washout category.

Results

The cohort included pheochromocytomas (n = 35), adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC; n = 15), lipid-poor adenomas (n = 13), and metastatic infiltration/infection (n = 9). In the good washout group, pheochromocytomas (n = 15) showed larger diameters (6.00 vs 3.45 cm, P = .001), higher necrosis frequency (73.3% vs 30%, P = .049), and greater arterial attenuation (173.2 vs 74.5 HU, P < .001) compared to adenomas (n = 9). Arterial attenuation provided a high discriminatory value [area under the curve (AUC): 0.967], with 100% sensitivity at 87.6 Hounsfield unit (HU) and 100% specificity at 139.9 HU. In the poor washout group, pheochromocytomas (n = 20) exhibited higher arterial attenuation (99.2 vs 59.2 HU, P < .001; AUC: 0.844) compared to ACC (n = 14), metastatic infiltration (n = 9), and adenomas (n = 4), with 85% sensitivity and 78% specificity at 73.3 HU. Normetanephrine-secreting/nonsecretory pheochromocytomas showed higher arterial enhancement than metanephrine-secreting ones (132.0 vs 90.5 HU, P = .020) within the poor washout group.

Conclusion

Arterial phase attenuation on CT has good diagnostic accuracy for differentiating pheochromocytomas from other adrenal masses in both good and poor washout categories, potentially guiding hormonal workup.
Sexual experiences, attitudes, enjoyment and regret in the parent and offspring generations of the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Childhood (ALSPAC): 2022 data sweep.
Authors: Iles-Caven Yasmin , Golding Jean , Joinson Carol , Fraser Abigail , Northstone Kate
Published: November 2024

The aim of this data note is to describe data collected in 2022 on sexual history, attitudes, enjoyment and regret. Data were collected from mothers (age range 47–75 years (mean 60.0), n = 4653) their partners (age range 47-83 years (mean 62.9), n= 1945) and offspring (aged ~30 years, females n= 2702, males n=1366) in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents & Children (ALSPAC). Many of the questions asked are identical, or similar, to those collected in the British NATSAL (National Surveys of Sexual Attitudes & Lifestyles) surveys. Repeating the same questions in both ALSPAC generations allows for direct inter-generational comparisons within ALSPAC as well as across studies. Areas covered include age at sexual debut; having drunk alcohol, used drugs or contraception at sexual debut; the circumstances under which participants met their first sexual partner; sexual orientation; the Brief Sexual Attitudes Scale; regret at first sexual experience, lifetime experiences of sexual regret and the degree of regret, as well as the reason(s) for that regret; number of sexual partners both in the last two years and over their lifetime; current frequency and enjoyment of sex. ALSPAC provides a rich resource of data collected on a wide variety of topics including details of the participants’ environment, lifestyle, physical and mental health over the life span, including sexual experiences collected retrospectively from the parents, and from the age of 11 in the offspring. There are thus many opportunities for research on a wide variety of topics related to risky sexual behaviours, sexual health, functioning and well-being.