bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigation of Nitrate Contents of Some Vegetables and Cucurbits Offered in Zahedan Fruits and Vegetables Market, 2020
Authors: Shadan Mohammad Reza , Sheikh Hanieh , Khoushabi Fahimeh , Shadan Anahita
Published: January 2023

Background: Nitrate is an essential nutrient for the growth of plants. The presence of it in vegetables, water and other foods, is a serious threat for human health. Human body receives about 80% of nitrate from fruits and vegetables. The purpose was to determine the amount of nitrates in some vegetables and cucurbits (basil, mint, radish and tomato) that are sold in fruit and vegetable market of Zahedan city in 2020 year.
Methods: Hundred and twenty samples were selected and their nitrate content were measured by HPLC method. The significance level was less than 5%.
Results: Mean of nitrate in, tomato, mint, radish and basil were 20.55, 515.76, 585.73 and 591.7mg/kg respectively. The mean of nitrate in basil was slightly higher than the radish but difference wasn’t statistically significant. There was statistically significant difference among mean of nitrate in investigated vegetables (p value < 0.05). Mean of nitrate in basil was higher than others (p value < 0.05). A statistically significant difference was observed among mean of nitrate in vegetables namely tomato, mint, radish and basil in the investigated stalls (p value < 0.05).
Conclusion: Amount of nitrate in samples were lower than the national standard limit that is not harmful for human health. It can be concluded that the vegetables sold in Zahedan city are good in terms of nitrate content and they don’t cause health problems. As high consumption rate of different type of vegetables by human and variation of their nitrate concentration, additional investigation and permanent control of their nitrate concentration is necessary.
Comparison of the Prevalence of COVID-19 in Female Students based on Body Mass Index and Waist–Hip Ratio
Authors: Atashgahian Rahil , Kashef Majid
Published: January 2023

Introduction: COVID19 is an acute respiratory syndrome that affects the immune system. Obesity can increase the risk of developing this disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of COVID-19 in female students based on their body mass index (BMI) and waist-hip ratio (WHR).
Methods: 700 girl students aged 15-18 years in Neyshabur City, Iran were selected by simple random sampling and divided into two groups: the healthy (n=519) and Corona (n=181). The results were analyzed using non-parametric statistical tests of Mann-Whitney U Test, Spearman correlation coefficient and two-point string test at a significance level of p≥0.05.
Results: In the healthy group, the mean of BMI was 21.09±3.4, WHR 0.77±0.07, and age 16.53±1 years and in the Corona group, the mean of BMI was 22.32±4.11, WHR 0.77±0.06 and age was 16.80±0.89 years, respectively. The results of the Mann-Whitney U test in the BMI of the two groups were significantly different (P = 0.001). Abdominal obesity was not significant in both groups (P = 0.469). There was a significant positive relationship between BMI and WHR (P = 0.00094). There was a significant relationship between BMI and Corona using the agreement coefficient with the two-point string test (P = 0.001). Also, the results of the Mann-Whitney U test showed that the resting heart rate of the two groups was significantly different (P = 0.026).
Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that in adolescents, increasing BMI and resting heart rate increases the prevalence of Corona disease and abdominal obesity has no effect on corona virus infection. Therefore, due to the effect of exercise activities on losing weight and resting heart rate, the need to do these activities during quarantine is considered.
IMPLEMENTING SDG 4 IN PAKISTAN: A QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ANALYSIS OF OPINIONS OF TENURED FACULTY MEMBERS OF THE UNIVERSITIES
Authors: Naz Farah Latif , Raheem Abdul , Khan Farid Ullah , Rahman Fazlur , Ahmad Waqar
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the study: This article's primary objective was to survey tenured faculty members at the universities in Pakistan to determine their attitudes toward Sustainable Development Goal 4.

Methodology: Both quantitative and qualitative research design was adopted for this study. A simple random sampling technique was used to obtain data. Semi-structured interview questionnaires were distributed among 20 tenured public sector university faculty members. The target sample of ten-tenured faculty members was selected from two public sectors, and ten were selected from two private sector universities in District Lahore, Pakistan.

Principle findings: The full title of SDG 4 is to 'ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all' (Unterhalter, 2019). When it comes to achieving SDG 4, the opinions of the faculty members are of great importance. Most of the faculty members were familiar with sustainable development to some degree. However, they raised the concern that sustainability and Education must be correctly aligned with the objectives laid down under SDG 4.

Application of this study: This study would be helpful in all educational institutes of Lahore. The population for this research consisted of all tenured faculty members of District Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan.

The novelty of this study: The study will go into detail regarding the attitudes professors have toward SDG 4 and the steps that must be taken in the classroom to meet SDG 4's objectives.
TOWARDS A CULTURE OF INCLUSION: A STUDY OF ETHNIC DIVERSITY AND INTERCULTURAL TOLERANCE
Authors: Aziz Muhammad Faisal , Naz Farah Latif , Khan Farid Ullah , Rahman Fazlur , Muhammad Wali
Published: January 2023

Purpose of the study: This study aimed to explore the benefits and threats of accepting diversity and examine the level of intercultural tolerance in higher educational institutions (HEIs). Methodology: This is an empirical study conducted through quantitative methods based on survey research. Document analysis technique was used to verify the diversity in the target population, i.e., higher educational institutions (HEIs). The researcher collected data from 191 students from 12 universities in non-contrived settings. Principal Findings: The results indicated that overall, students have a positive attitude towards diversity except for the job market and social environment for minority groups which scored very low. Similarly, intergroup anxiety and productivity loss were found to be threats caused by diversity in HEIs. Regarding tolerance, most respondents were optimistic about their positive behaviour towards other cultures and ethnicities. Application of this study: This study would benefit university presidents, chancellors, and other high-level administrators. This research will also help explain why people are prejudiced in today's multiethnic society. This study is conducted for higher educational institutes. The novelty of this study: The study recommends that while developing a curriculum, it is essential to incorporate learning materials related to accepting diversity and creating tolerant behaviours, which can lead to a healthy and inclusive learning environment.
Role of Animal Husbandry Practice in Upliftment of Socio-economic Status of Mizo Farmer: A Review
Authors: Talukdar Dibyajyoti , Sarma Kalyan , Kalita Girin , Rahman Saidur , Goswami Ranjana , Chethan G.E. , Das Hemen , Konwar Bedanga
Published: January 2023

Agriculture is the major source of livelihood for the majority (85%) of the rural population in Mizoram and livestock plays an important role in that. Livestock are socially and economically very significant due to its multi-functional outputs and socio-cultural security. Dairy cattle are mainly reared by medium-scale farmers, while poultry and pigs are important sources of livelihood for the landless, near landless, marginal and small farmers. Even the milk productivity of crossbred cattle which represents 45% of the cattle is higher than the Indian average. Meat production is the major livestock activity in Mizoram and bovine meat is relished. The yield of pork is nearly three times the average productivity of the nation and it can serve as viable instruments for enhancing the income of the household. The income from the sale of eggs, chicken and pork is furthermore important to finance the daily purchases of the household.
Genetic Relationship and Diversity among Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Genotypes Assessed using Morphological and Molecular Markers
Authors: Latha G.K. , Kerure Prakash , Ramesh A.N. , Srinivasa V. , . Devaraju , Kantharaj Y. , Aghora T.S. , Santhosh D.B. , Patil Akshata
Published: January 2023

Background: The study assessed the genetic relationship and diversity among twenty-two pea genotypes using morphological traits and SSR markers. Methods: 22 pea genotypes were analyzed using twenty-one phenotypic characters and eight SSR markers. The data obtained by morphological and molecular profiling was used to analyze genetic diversity among genotypes. Result: This study reveals that most genetic variation was due to variation within the population and was clustered into two distinct groups. As revealed by molecular markers, the relation among the diversified genotypes was not significantly correlated with those based on morphological traits, suggesting that the two systems give different estimates of genetic relations among the genotypes. The present study’s findings can be used to select diverse genotypes to be used as parents of crosses aimed at breeding improved pea cultivars.
Educação Financeira: Reflexão, Princípios e Organização
Authors: Xavier Erico Tadeu
Published: January 2023

O aumento do endividamento e da inadimplência chama a atenção para a necessidade de se promover a educação financeira. Nesta pesquisa, o objetivo é refletir sobre alguns princípios que podem auxiliar na organização da vida financeira das pessoas mediante a obtenção de conhecimentos que possibilitem modificar hábitos e comportamentos para uma melhor gestão dos recursos financeiros. Mediante o método de revisão bibliográfica, se propõe a analisar a importância da educação financeira para a gestão dos recursos financeiros. A pesquisa chama a atenção para a necessidade de buscar conhecimentos relacionados com as finanças pessoais e familiares, com o intuito de mudar comportamentos quanto ao uso do dinheiro. A gestão dos recursos financeiros requer que a pessoa realize um planejamento financeiro pessoal ou familiar e se baseie em conhecimentos de números e de questões financeiras para aprender a controlar seus ganhos e gastos mensais, fazendo planos para pagamento de dívidas e de poupança e investimentos, tendo como base uma conduta moral e ética. O planejamento financeiro e o conhecimento sobre o mercado financeiro podem promover mudanças que resultam em melhoria na qualidade de vida, diminuindo estresse e preocupações, por meio de escolhas conscientes sobre o uso do dinheiro.
Do Pecado Como Símbolo Racional Enquanto Liberdade E Responsabilidade Entre Pelágio E Agostinho Segundo Paul Ricoeur
Authors: Mariano da Rosa Luiz Carlos
Published: January 2023

Detendo-se no pecado em Pelágio como possibilidade enquanto exercício da liberdade e responsabilidade individual, o artigo assinala a defesa da neutralidade envolvendo a criação do ser humano e a sua capacidade para o bem e o mal, sublinhando a liberdade da vontade e a sua absoluta indeterminação, o que atrela o pecado à escolha. Dessa forma, o texto mostra o pecado em Agostinho como fato e ato enquanto liberdade, responsabilidade e culpa pessoal, na medida em que o ser humano é constituído enquanto tal em estado de santa inocência em um processo que atribui ao pecado a condição de um produto da escolha humana através do exercício de sua liberdade e plena consciência, convergindo para um acontecimento que, baseado na atitude de Adão, impõe a sua posteridade a condição de absoluta depravação e inescapável culpa. Assim, examinando o pecado como símbolo racional entre Pelágio e Agostinho segundo Paul Ricoeur, a pesquisa afirma a necessidade de um processo que seja capaz de desconstruir o conceito em função da emergência da intenção ortodoxa enquanto sentido reto e eclesial.
A Macroesctrutura do Apocalipse
Authors: De Souza Anderson Bezerra
Published: January 2023

Tem se reconhecido que o Apocalipse apresenta um arranjo literário complexo. A análise da macroestrutura de seu material tem desafiado tanto intérpretes conservadores quanto críticos e até pós-críticos. Naturalmente, a busca pelo consenso acerca de um esboço para esse livro tem sido prolongada por décadas em todas as vertentes de interpretação. O presente artigo concentra-se no recorte de teólogos adventistas do sétimo dia enquanto analisa o desenvolvimento da percepção das macroestruturas no Apocalipse entre eles entre as décadas de 1970 e 2000. Apresentando uma revisão dos principais marcos no avanço da pesquisa nesse tópico este artigo pretende destacar a contribuição mais amplamente aceita em cada período revisitando os percursos da pesquisa até o estágio atual. A partir de um ponto de vista distanciado dos períodos em que a análise macroestrutural foi mais discutida nos círculos teológicos adventistas, o artigo conclui ponderando sobre as perspectivas para o futuro da pesquisa nesse campo.
Intertextualidade Bíblica em Perspectiva
Authors: Leite Paulo Alberto Barros , De Souza Elias Brasil
Published: January 2023

Esta pesquisa se propõe a estudar a Teoria da Intertextualidade, sua classificação, adoção e o desenvolvimento do termo dentro do campo da pesquisa bíblica, bem como suas implicações hermenêuticas. Ela aborda vários modelos e diretrizes de abordagem intertextual, e os discute à luz de pressupostos hermenêuticos relacionados com uma visão elevada das Escrituras. Almeja-se sistematizar uma proposta de diretrizes de abordagem intertextual para a exegese bíblica e verificar a aplicabilidade da mesma por meio o estudo de três passagens: Apocalipse 20:7-21:8, Jeremias 32:1-33:26 e Mateus 27:1-10.
Estilo de Vida de Adventistas e os Fatores Determinantes Sociais da Saúde: Um Estudo Exploratório
Authors: Sousa Miguel Sangar de Oliveira , Ferreira Naomi Vidal , Oliveira Victor José Machado de
Published: January 2023

Contextualização: Adventistas do sétimo dia (ASD) tem sido alvo de estudos relacionados à saúde, principalmente, pelo estilo de vida baseado nos Oito Remédios Naturais (8RN): nutrição, exercício, água, luz solar, temperança, ar puro, descanso e confiança. Quando comparados a não adventistas apresentam bons resultados. Porém, quando comparados entre si, elementos sociodemográficos e culturais influenciam no processo saúde-doença. Objetivo: Analisar o estilo de vida baseado no uso dos 8RN por ASD residentes no município de Manaus-AM e suas relações com os Determinantes Sociais da Saúde (DSS). Metodologia: Estudo descritivo, transversal de abordagem quantitativa. Fizeram parte da amostra 86 participantes que responderam a dois questionários (8RN e DSS). A estatística descritiva e inferencial foi utilizada para análise dos dados. O nível de significância assumido foi de p<0,05. Resultados: As médias relacionadas aos scores dos 8RN e seus domínios foram positivas. No entanto, verificou-se diferenças entre os seguintes grupos para vulnerabilidades: homens podem ter maior vulnerabilidade quanto à nutrição; e as redes sociais e comunitárias em torno da fé, a idade e o nível de escolaridade do indivíduo podem contribuir para o uso dos 8RN e vários domínios. Conclusão: As variáveis sexo, tempo de batismo, afastamento da fé (redes sociais e comunitárias), idade e escolaridade do indivíduo interferiram em algum grau no uso dos 8RN. Destaca-se a necessidade de se levar em consideração os DSS que podem influenciar na adoção de hábitos mais saudáveis, o que solicita a construção de políticas públicas que reduzam as iniquidades produzidas socialmente.
MUSTAFA NEDÎM’İN ZAFER-NÂME’Sİ
Authors: AKGÜL Hasan
Published: January 2023

Duraklama döneminde bulunan Osmanlı Devleti’nde, tahta oturan II. Mustafa da bütün çabalarına rağmen devletin kötü durumunu değiştirememiştir. Sultan Mustafa, padişahlığı süresince ordunun başında Avusturya üzerine üç büyük sefere çıkmıştır. Bu seferlerden ikisinden galip ayrılmasına rağmen Osmanlı Devleti’nin gerileme dönemine girmesini engelleyememiştir. Hayatı hakkında biyografik kaynaklarda bilgi bulunmayan Mustafa Nedîm de sır kâtibi olarak Sultan II. Mustafa’nın düzenlediği I. Avusturya Seferi’ne katılmıştır. Bu seferi başlangıçtan sona kadar muhtasar bir şekilde manzum tarzda kaleme alan Mustafa Nedîm, Zafer-nâme adlı eseri vücuda getirmiştir. "Zafer-nâme-i Gazi Sultan Mustafa Hân bin Ebu Feth-i Sânî Gâzî Sultan Mehemmed Hân-ı Râbiʽ" başlığıyla başlayan eserin tespit edilen tek nüshası Millet Kütüphanesi Ali Emiri Efendi Manzum 1343 numarada kayıtlıdır. Çalışmamızda Mustafa Nedîm’in kaleme aldığı bu zafer-nâme, şekil ve muhteva bakımından tanıtılmıştır. Zafer-nâme’nin dikkat çeken özelliklerinden biri ordunun, sefere gidiş ve seferden dönüş güzergâhlarında geçtiği ve konakladığı bütün menzil adlarının yazılmış olmasıdır. Bu menzillerin bugünkü adları ve konumları tespit edilip dipnotlarda belirtilmiştir. Çalışmamızın giriş bölümünde, Sultan II. Mustafa döneminde gelişen olaylara muhtasar bir şekilde değinilmiştir. Daha sonra Zafer-nâme hakkında tanıtıcı mahiyette genel bilgiler verilmiştir. Bundan sonra da eserin müellifi hakkında Zafer-nâme’den elde edilen bilgiler paylaşılarak eserin yazılış sebebi ve yazılış tarihi verilmiştir. Akabinde eserin şekil ve muhteva bakımından değerlendirilmesi yapılmıştır. Son olarak eserin transkripsiyonlu metni verilerek çalışma bitirilmiştir.
Analyzing students’ mathematical reasoning from the perspective of learning interest
Authors: Sholihah Ummu , Listanti Agnis
Published: January 2023

[English]: In mathematics teaching and learning, most of the students are not yet able to understand and connect given problems or tasks with mathematics concepts or ideas required to solve the problem. This might relate to their reasoning ability and this ability is likely to be affected by their learning interest. The objective of this study is to describe students' mathematical reasoning based on different learning interests, involving six secondary students with high, medium, and low levels of learning interests, which were identified through a learning interest questionnaire. Data was collected through a reasoning test and interviews and then was qualitatively analyzed by referring to problem-solving stages integrated with aspects of mathematical reasoning. Data analysis was referred to as problem-solving stages integrated with the indicators of reasoning. It shows the different achievements of mathematical reasoning indicators by students who have distinct levels of learning interest; the higher the learning interest students have, the more indicators of reasoning they have. This indicates that students’ learning interest relates to their mathematical reasoning ability.  
[Bahasa]: Dalam pembelajaran matematika, banyak ditemukan siswa kurang mampu memahami dan mengaitkan informasi dari soal dengan konsep matematika yang dibutuhkan untuk menyelesaikan soal yang diberikan. Hal ini mungkin berkaitan dengan kemampuan penalaran matematis dan penalaran matematika bisa saja dipengaruhi oleh minat belajar siswa. Penelitian ini berujuan mendeskripsikan kemampuan penalaran matematis siswa berdasarkan perbedaan minat belajar siswa. Untuk mencapai tujuan tersebut, studi kasus digunakan. Penelitian ini melibatkan enam siswa dengan minat belajar tinggi, sedang, dan rendah yang diketahui melalui angket minat belajar. Data dikumpulkan melalui tes dan wawancara kemudian dianalisis secara kualitatif dengan merujuk pada langkah pemecahan masalah yang diintegrasikan dengan indikator penalaran. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perbedaan pencapaian indikator penalaran matematis oleh siswa dengan tingkat minat belajar berbeda; semakin tinggi minat belajar siswa, lebih banyak indikator penalaran matematis yang dipenuhi. Hal ini menunjukkan minat belajar dan kemampuan penalaran matematis berkaitan.
Pre-operative electrodiagnostic studies and intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring: power and pitfalls
Authors: Kobylarz Erik J. , Randhawa Jason , Mason Stephen , Lawson Victoria H.
Published: January 2023

Outpatient electrodiagnostic studies and intraoperative monitoring are essential tools for the surgical management of nerve injury. Decisions are based on the diagnostic certainty afforded by outpatient electrodiagnostic studies, which are more sensitive and specific than clinical examinations regarding the nature and localization of a nerve lesion. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring detects changes in neurologic function during surgery. It provides significantly better information than visual inspection of the operative field, minimizing postoperative neurologic deficits due to surgical manipulation (e.g., stretching, compression, heating from electrocauterization, constriction, or clamping of local blood vessels). These techniques exploit similar neurophysiologic principles to afford enhanced diagnostic and real-time functional data during surgery. However, an understanding of their limitations is critical for the interpretation of these data. This review discusses these techniques, including their use, advantages, and disadvantages in diagnosing and managing three essential nerve lesions amenable to surgical management-radiculopathy, mononeuropathy, and brachial plexopathy.
Ultrasound liver map technique for laparoscopic liver resections: tips and tricks
Authors: Russolillo Nadia , Langella Serena , Tesoriere Roberto Lo , Costanza Zingaretti Caterina , Pierluigi Fontana Andrea , Ferrero Alessandro
Published: January 2023

Laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) is safer and more advantageous than open surgery regarding morbidity, blood loss, and length of hospital stay. Several radiological studies and liver surgical strategies confirmed that the anatomy of the liver is more complex than what Couinad described. Intraoperative ultrasound (IOUS) has become an indispensable tool to identify the “real anatomy” and to plan a tailored LLR because of wide sub-segmentary variability and lack of external indicators for small functional liver cores. We schematized our standard ultrasound guidance technique during anatomical and non-anatomical LLR as a four-step method called the Ultrasound Liver Map Technique: (1) Compose the three-dimensional mind map to study the relationships between lesions and surrounding vascular elements; (2) create a sketch on the Glissonian using cautery to help the surgeon recall the mind liver anatomy map; (3) check the section plane while proceeding with the transection; and (4) correct the direction of resection plan to ensure a healthy margin concerning the lesion and to point out the pedicle section correctly and not affected structures. Finally, IOUS-Doppler can be used to study the segmental portal flow to assess venous drainage of the remnant parenchyma, avoiding ischemia and increasing the possibility of performing parenchyma-sparing surgery.
Microaaray Analysis of Differential Gene Expression Profiles of Human Adult Cardiac Myocytes Challenged with Non-Self RNA
Authors: Bleiblo Farag A. , Moftah Souad A. M. , Alqabbasi Omar S. , Agouri Siham R. , Elamari Asma A. , Bo Hagar Samira F. M. , Kumar Aseem
Published: January 2023

Innate immunity utilizes pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to sense conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) expressed by various pathogenic molecules to activate the initial phase of immune response. Recognition of bacterial RNA by immune sensors induces antigen-specific immunity and secretion of proinflammatory cytokines. Cardiac myocyte dysfunction is clearly identified as underlying the acute heart failure associated with bacterial infections, sepsis, as well as chronic syndrome. Cardiac myocytes express functional PRRs and sense PAMPs directly. Although the immunostimulatory potential and receptor-mediated recognition of nonself RNA are well documented, no comprehensive analysis of differential gene expression in response to naturally occurring bacterial RNA or modified RNA has been reported. Using cDNA Microarrays, we have analyzed the differential gene expression profiles of human adult cardiac myocytes stimulated with bacterial RNA. Our analysis has revealed changes in the cardiac expression profiles of 140 genes. A large proportion of upregulated genes (100) encode proteins involved in regulating the immune responses including, proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. A significant number of genes involved in stress signalling, homeostasis, and cardiac survival were also induced. We also identified 42 genes to be suppressed. Interestingly, genes implicated in regulation of cardiac cell cycle and transcription were among these repressed genes. Collectively, these Microarray data offer for the first time an insight into human cardiac myocytes response to immunostimulatory RNA such as bacterial RNA.
Studies on Leaf Nutrient Status in Relation to Yield Attributes of Sweet Orange (Citrus sinensis L.) Cv. Nucellar
Authors: Rathod M. , Sable P. B.
Published: January 2023

An experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, Latur, M. S. India during Summer and Kharif season of 2014-15 to study the nutrient status of leaf of sweet orange orchards of Jalna district. In order to know the leaf nutrient status, ten sweet orange orchards located in ten different talukas of Jalna district were randomly selected. Leaf samples were collected from second, third or fourth leaf of four to six month old non fruiting branches during July-August 2014. Leaf samples were collected from second, third or fourth leaf from non fruiting branches of randomly selected five trees from each orchard. The leaf analysis revealed that leaf nutrient values for N, K. Ca, Mg, Zn and Cu were optimum in 10, 90, 60, 40, 70, 10 and 30 percent orchards respectively. While N, P and Zn found deficient in 90, 100 and 90 percent orchards respectively. The fruit yield had significant and positive correlation with leaf N, Ca and Mn.
Ergonomic Assessment of Selected Technologies Developed for Drudgery Mitigation in Turmeric Production System
Authors: Rodge Jayshree , Deshmukh Prasad
Published: January 2023

The present work was carried out in Parbhani District of Marathwada region in Maharashtra state. Selected thirty women were aged between 20 to 50 yrs., having average height 145.68 cm., body weight 52 kg. and average annual income was Rs.64,346/-. Maximum respondents were performing agricultural activities for more than 15 years and most of them were working for 6 to 8 hr. in the field. About 77 percent farm workers noted to be working for 7 days in a week. All the farmers were unaware about the hand operated machines available for planting, earthing up and cleaning & sorting activities. After performing these activities continuously for 6 hr., major health problems of the farm women reported were burning sensation to the skin, skin peeling and allergy. Hence, small digging tool (Ukari for planting rhizomes), earthing up tool (Sawdi),, and mittens for cleaning & sorting were developed and tested. Ergonomic assessment revealed that physiological cost of selected activities performed by farm women in existing and improved method was at par but perception of work load was found to be reduced (23-32%) in improved method. All the developed technologies used by farm women in turmeric production system for planting, earthing up, and cleaning & sorting were successful in increasing pace of work. In all these activities, the output was significantly increased by 20-26 per cent due to use of developed technologies.
Studies on Integrated Nutrient Management on Growth of Blackgram (Vigna mungo L.) in Chhattisgarh Plain
Authors: Patre Surabhi , Kaushik Shilpa , Tiwari Pragya , Raj Shani , Shukla R. K.
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was conducted at Instructional Farm, BTC College of Agriculture and Research Station, Bilaspur (C.G.). During the Kharif season of the year 2021 with a view to study the “Studies on integrated nutrient management on growth of black gram (Vigna mungo L.) in Chhattisgarh plain”. The Black gram variety Indira Urad Pratham used to grown and treatment was replicated three times in Randomized block design. The soil of experimental site was alfisol belonging to textural clay loam. The investigation there were the uniform dose of 20 kg N2, 40 kg P2O5 and 20 kg K2O were applied through Urea, SSP and MOP, respectively in black gram in seven treatments viz., T1: - 20:40:20 RDF, T2: -125% RDF, T3:- 150% RDF, T4:- RDF + FYM@5t ha-1, T5:- 125% of RDF + FYM@5t ha-1, T6:- 150% of RDF + FYM@5t ha-1 and T7: - Control. The Growth parameters i.e., Initial (at 25 DAS) and final plant population (m2) at harvest, Plant height in cm at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest, Functional leaf plant-1 at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest, Number of primary branches plant-1 at 20, 40, 60 DAS and at harvest, Root nodule plant-1 at 40 and 60 DAS, Root nodule Weight plant-1 at 40 and 60 DAS and Crop Growth Rate (CGR) at 0-20, 20-40, 40-60, 60 DAS – at harvest were significantly superior in the treatment T6(150%ofRDF+FYM@5tha-1). On the basis of above findings, treatment T6(150% of RDF+FYM@5tha-1) stand could be better performance first in position and T5(125% of RDF + FYM@5t ha-1) stand in second order of preference. However, treatment T3(150% RDF) comes in next in order. Therefore, it may be concluded that treatment T6(150%ofRDF+FYM@5tha-1) may be prefer for higher growth in blackgram.
Clinical Management of Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) in Cattle
Authors: Wani Ab Ahad
Published: January 2023

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) is a potentially infectious emerging viral disease of cattle and buffalos in India, caused by the Lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) which belongs to the family Poxviridae. The main source of transmission of the disease is arthropods vector-borne (mosquitoes, biting flies, culicoides midges and blood sucking hard ticks) which act as mechanical vectors. Major clinical signs include characteristic skin nodules all over the body, pyrexia, lacrimal discharge, nasal discharge, anorexia, profuse salivation, mastitis, decreased milk yield, emaciation, depression and reluctance in movement. Since the first recent report of lumpy skin disease in Kutch, Gujarat India in April, it is spreading rapidly across the country including J&K causing a possible threat to the cattle and buffalo population in terms of milk production, fertility, abortions, import restrictions and in some cases death in the livestock animals. The disease usually shows seasonal pattern due to the vector borne mode of transmission. The morbidity rate is high but with low mortality rate however death rates are higher in calves.
Granulométrie de surface des lits en tresses à partir d’images drone
Authors: LIÉBAULT Frédéric , DESCHÂTRES Michaël , BORGNIET Laurent , MELUN Gabriel
Published: January 2023

La granulométrie de surface des lits fluviaux est un indicateur de première importance pour l’évaluation des conditions physiques qui contrôlent la qualité des habitats aquatiques. Dans le cadre du protocole de caractérisation hydromorphologique des cours d’eau (CarHyCE) établi par l’Office français de la biodiversité (OFB), la granulométrie est obtenue à partir d’un prélèvement au sol (de type Wolman) sur un radier jugé représentatif, et d’observations ponctuelles du type de substrat présent au niveau des points de mesure des transects. Ce mode d’échantillonnage n’offre qu’une retranscription partielle de la mosaïque granulométrique de surface d’un tronçon qui peut parfois présenter une très grande hétérogénéité spatiale, comme par exemple dans les lits en tresses. Une méthode fondée sur l’utilisation d’images drone haute-résolution a été développée et testée sur plusieurs rivières en tresses alpines. Les premiers tests montrent des résultats encourageants pour poursuivre les développements et obtenir un protocole généralisable à ce type de cours d’eau.
Inventaire de biodiversité des poissons et crustacés d’eau douce par pêche à l’électricité en petits cours d’eau tropicaux : réglages, efficacité et recommandations
Authors: ROUSSEL Jean-Marc , POTTIER Gaétan , AZAM Didier , VIGOUROUX Régis , MARCHAND Frédéric , BARGIER Nicolas , NEVOUX Marie , RAITIF Julien , PENIL Caroline , COSSON Eddy , BEAULATON Laurent
Published: January 2023

La pêche à l’électricité est une méthode classiquement utilisée pour les inventaires de biodiversité des poissons et crustacés dans le cadre de la surveillance réglementaire de l’état écologique des cours d’eau. Elle pose un certain nombre de difficultés en territoires ultramarins tropicaux, de par certaines spécificités physiques (conductivité de l’eau basse à très basse) et écologiques (communautés mixtes de poissons et de crustacés, biodiversité forte à très forte) qui les caractérisent. Issues du partenariat OFB-INRAE, les recherches menées en collaboration avec l’entreprise HYDRECO-Guyane ont permis de définir des conditions spécifiques d’application de la pêche à l’électricité pour les petits cours d’eau (< 6 mètres de large) tropicaux. Grâce à des essais au laboratoire et in situ, en Guyane, aux Antilles et à La Réunion, nous avons identifié les réglages électriques les plus efficaces pour la capture, l’estimation de la richesse spécifique et de l’abondance des espèces et le respect de la santé animale. Ces recherches se placent dans l’objectif plus large d’améliorer la qualité des données bancarisées pour le suivi environnemental des masses d’eau. Elles donnent lieu à des recommandations pour la maitrise d’œuvre et la maitrise d’ouvrage de la pêche à l’électricité en petits cours d’eau tropicaux.
Dynamique temporelle de la biodiversité en cours d’eau
Authors: ROSEBERY Juliette , REYJOL Yorick , LEBOUCHER Thibault , ARCHAIMBAULT Virginie , BELLIARD Jérôme , CARAYON David , FERREOL Martial , JELIAZKOV Alienor , TALÈS Évelyne , VILLENEUVE Bertrand , PASSY Sophia I.
Published: January 2023

S'il ne fait aucun doute que la biodiversité décline à l'échelle mondiale, il est surprenant de constater que les dynamiques locales peuvent être contrastées. Nous possédons une compréhension encore incomplète de la façon dont les écosystèmes évoluent sous l'effet du changement global. Ici, nous avons cherché à caractériser la dynamique temporelle récente de la biodiversité des rivières en France, d'un point de vue taxonomique et fonctionnel, concernant différents organismes clés (diatomées, macro-invertébrés et poissons), à partir d’un large panel de mesures de la biodiversité et sur une période multi-décennale. Les résultats convergent vers la mise en évidence d'un retour significatif des taxons sensibles à l'eutrophisation, signe d'amélioration de la qualité des cours d’eau au cours de la période d’étude du point de vue de l’enrichissement trophique. D'autre part, la richesse en diatomées et, dans une moindre mesure, en poissons, a diminué au fil du temps, tandis que la richesse taxonomique des macro-invertébrés a augmenté. Enfin, l'étude a révélé des réarrangements cohérents au sein des communautés des cours d'eau, avec le passage d’une production primaire planctonique à une production primaire benthique, entraînant des modifications fonctionnelles des communautés de macro-invertébrés et de poissons.
Optimisation d’une méthode non intrusive de l’étude des populations de poissons en lac : l’hydro-acoustique
Authors: GUILLARD Jean , BAUDOIN Jean-Marc , GOULON Chloé
Published: January 2023

L’hydro-acoustique est une méthode non intrusive d’échantillonnage des populations de poissons en écosystèmes lacustres qui permet d’estimer leur abondance et d’étudier leurs relations avec l’écosystème. Elle fait partie des procédures d’échantillonnage potentiellement utilisables pour les programmes de surveillance de la directive cadre sur l’eau (DCE) et est normalisée (CEN 2014). À l’heure où l’utilisation de ces méthodes s’intensifient, i) des avancées méthodologiques, ii) le développement d’un engin autonome (HARLE : Hydro-acoustic Autonomous boat for Remote fish detection in LakE) et iii) la réponse à des enjeux scientifiques et de gestion portées par l’UMR CARRTEL en partenariat avec l’OFB puis au sein du Pôle ECLA (ECosystèmes LAcustres – OFB-INRAE-USMB), sont autant de pistes pour améliorer le déploiement de cet outil à des fins opérationnelles. Les travaux méthodologiques ont notamment permis de préciser la mise en œuvre de cette méthode en milieu lacustre afin de pouvoir amender la norme européenne. Le HARLE a été déployé sur plusieurs sites et plusieurs projets ont utilisé les données acoustiques générées afin de répondre à des enjeux de gestion ou des questions d’écologie.
De la gestion quantitative de l’eau à celle des écosystèmes aquatiques. Démarches et outils développés dans le cadre du partenariat INRAE-OFB
Authors: AUGEARD Bénédicte , BERREBI Romuald , GASCUEL Chantal , De MENTHIÈRE Nicolas
Published: January 2023

Ce numéro spécial s’inscrit dans un double objectif : illustrer différentes actions de recherche et d’expertise scientifique menées en partenariat entre INRAE et l’OFB, développant une recherche utile pour le déploiement des politiques publiques sur la gestion de l’eau ; montrer l’importance d’articuler des enjeux quantitatifs de gestion de la ressource en eau avec des enjeux de gestion de la qualité de l’eau et des écosystèmes aquatiques. Les crises successives d’inondation et de sécheresse, en particulier celle que nous venons de connaitre en 2022, pourraient en effet faire oublier, que quantité, qualité de l’eau et biodiversité des milieux aquatiques sont étroitement liées par des processus nombreux et en interaction qui vont bien au-delà de simples phénomènes de dilution ou d’assecs. Cet article introductif donne en premier lieu quelques éléments de la convention cadre de partenariat qui lie INRAE et l’OFB, deux nouveaux établissements, puis développe l’importance de lier quantité et qualité de l’eau, et enfin, il illustre avec quelques exemples, les résultats concrets d’actions menées en partenariat, leur contribution à la gestion de l’eau, et au déploiement de politiques publiques.
Generation of Non-Linear Technique Based 6 Hourly Wind Reanalysis Products Using SCATSAT-1 and Numerical Weather Prediction Model Outputs
Authors: Bhowmic Suchandra A , Gupta Manisha , Chakraborty Abhishek , Agarwal Neeraj , Sharma Rashmi , Ali M M
Published: January 2023

Observations of ocean surface winds from Indian scatterometer SCATSAT-1 have been combined with background wind field from a numerical weather prediction (NWP) model available at National Centre for Medium Range Weather Prediction (NCMRWF) to generate a 6-hourly gridded hybrid wind product. A distinctive feature of the study is to produce a global gridded wind field from SCATSAT-1 scatterometer passes with spatio-temporal data gaps at regular synoptic hours relevant for forcing models and other NWP studies. This is done by making use of concepts from the modern particle filter technique, which does not represent the model probability density function (PDF) following the Gaussian technique. The 6 hourly hybrid wind is generated for the entire year of 2018 and is validated using the wind speed from daily gridded level-4 SCATSAT-1 winds (L4AW), Cross Calibrated Multi-Platform dataset (CCMP) and global buoy data from National Data Buoy Centre (NDBC). The results indicate potential of the technique to produce scatterometer winds at the desired temporal frequency with significantly less noise and along swath biases. The study shows the generated hybrid winds have very high quality with respect to the already existing daily product available from ISRO.
Optic Nerve Injury Enhanced Mitochondrial Fission and Increased Mitochondrial Density without Altering the Uniform Mitochondrial Distribution in the Unmyelinated Axons of Retinal Ganglion Cells in a Mouse Model
Authors: Tsuji Takahiro , Murase Tomoya , Konishi Yoshiyuki , Inatani Masaru
Published: January 2023

Glaucomatous optic neuropathy, a major cause of blindness, is characterized by the loss of retinal gan-glion cells (RGCs) and degeneration of their axons. Mitochondria are deeply involved in maintaining RGCs and their axons. Therefore, lots of attempts have been made to develop diagnostic tools and therapies tar-geting mitochondria. Recently, we reported that mitochondria are uniformly distributed in unmyelinated axons of RGCs, possibly owing to the ATP gradient. Thus, using transgenic mice expressing yellow fluo-rescent protein targeting mitochondria exclusively in RGCs within the retina, we assessed the alteration of mitochondrial distributions induced by optic nerve crush (ONC) via in vitro flat-mount retinal sections and in vivo fundus images captured through the cornea with a confocal scanning ophthalmoscope. We observed that the mitochondrial distribution in unmyelinated axons of RGCs that survived the ONC remained uni-form, although their density increased. Furthermore, via in vitro analysis, we discovered that the mitochon-drial size is attenuated following ONC. These results suggest that ONC induces mitochondrial fission without disrupting the uniform mitochondrial distribution. This mechanism may help to prevent axonal degeneration and apoptosis. The in vivo visualization system of axonal mitochondria in RGCs may be ap-plicable in the diagnosis of progression of optic neuropathy.
Rational Food Design Targeting Micronutrient Deficiencies in Adolescents: Nutritional, Acoustic-Mechanical and Sensory Properties of Chickpea-Rice Biscuits
Authors: Talens Clara , Garcia-Fontanals Laura , Fabregat Paula , Ibargüen Mónica
Published: January 2023

"Hidden hunger", the deficiency of important mineral micronutrients, affects more than 2 billion people globally. Adolescence is unquestionably a period of nutritional risk, given the high nutritional requirements for growth and development, erratic or capricious diets and the increased consumption of snacks. This study applied the rational food design approach to obtain micronutrient-dense biscuits by combining chickpea and rice flours to achieve an optimal nutritional profile, crunchy texture and appealing flavour. The perception of 33 adolescents of the suitability of such biscuits as a mid-morning snack was examined. Four biscuits were formulated, with different ratios of chickpea and rice flours (CF:RF): G100:0, G75:25, G50:50 and G25:75. Nutritional content, baking loss, acoustic-texture and sensory analyses were carried out. On average, the mineral content of biscuits with the CF:RF ratio of 100:0 doubled compared with the 25:75 formula. The dietary reference values for iron, potassium and zinc reached 100% in the biscuits with CF:RF ratios of 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0, respectively. The analysis of mechanical properties revealed that samples G100:0 and G75:25 were harder than the others. Sample G100:0 showed the highest sound pressure level (Smax). Sensory analysis showed that increasing the proportion of CF in the formulation augments the grittiness, hardness, chewiness and crunchiness. Most of the adolescents (72.7%) were habitual snack consumers; 52% awarded scores ≥ 6 to biscuit G50:50 for its overall quality, 24% described its flavour as "biscuit" and 12% as "nutty". However, 55% of the participants could not pinpoint any dominant flavour. In conclusion, it is possible to design nutrient-dense snacks that meet the micronutrient requirements and sensory expectations of adolescents by combining flours naturally rich in micronutrients.
Mechanisms of Action of Polyacetylenes’ Anti-Inflammatory Function and Their Potential in Cancer Chemoprevention and Treatment
Authors: Alfurayhi Ruyuf , Huang Lei , Brandt Kirsten
Published: January 2023

Polyacetylene phytochemicals are emerging as potentially responsible for the chemoprotective effects of consuming apiaceous vegetables. There is some evidence suggesting that polyacetylenes impact carcinogenesis by influencing a wide variety of signalling pathways, which are important in regulating inflammation, apoptosis, cell cycle regulation, etc. Studies have shown a correlation between human dietary intake of polyacetylene-rich vegetables with reduced risk of inflammation and cancer. Polyacetylene supplementation can influence cell growth, gene expression, and immunological responses, and reduce tumour number in rat and mouse models. Cancer chemoprevention by dietary polyacetylenes involves several mechanisms, including effects on inflammatory cytokines, the NF-κB pathway, antioxidant response elements, UPR pathway, growth factor signalling, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. This review summarises the published research on falcarinol-type polyacetylene compounds and their mechanisms of action regarding cancer chemoprevention and treatment, and also identifies some gaps in our current understanding of the health benefits of these polyacetylenes.
Risiko Produksi dan Pendapatan Usahatani Kakao di Desa Kuajang Binuang Kabupaten Polewali Mandar
Authors: Arsyad Wahyuni , Mardiyanti Sri , Nadir Nadir , Nailah Nailah , Molla Soleh
Published: January 2023

Cocoa is a commodity that has high economic value and has the potential for sustainability to continue to be developed.  Cocoa is a mainstay commodity in various regions in Indonesia, one of which is West Sulawesi which is included in the five largest cocoa bean producing provinces in Indonesia.  This study aims to determine the level of production and income as well as the risk of production and income of cocoa farming in Kuajang Village, Binuang District, Polewali Mandar Regency. The method used in this study is a quantitative approach that emphasizes the analysis of numerical data.  The sampling technique was carried out using the simple random sampling method. The sample in this study was 40 cocoa farmer respondents or 20% of the cocoa farmer population, which totaled 200 people. Data was collected by observation, interviews and documentation.  Analysis of the data used is the Coefficient of Variation (CV) analysis.  The results showed that the CV value of production risk was 0,76 which was classified as high risk or very risky.  This is because of the attack of pests and plant diseases that reduce the production of cocoa plants.  While the CV value of income risk is 0,18 which is classified as low risk.  This risk also includes the impact of pests and diseases that cause low production and quality of cocoa beans.
Pendapatan Usaha Tetes Tebu sebagai Pupuk Organik Cair di Desa Janti Kecamatan Papar Kabupaten Kediri
Authors: Utomo Rizki Cahyo , Dianasari Melinda Nur , Atika Khofifa Nur , Winahyu Nastiti
Published: January 2023

The by-product of processing sugar cane into sugar is molasses. Molasses is used as an liquid organic fertilizer which is applied to corn in Janti Village, Papar District, Kediri Regency. In addition to the demand for molasses, the large area of corn causes an increase in the demand for labor outside the family to apply the fertilization process. This causes the business of providing molasses liquid organic fertilizer to be developed by adding fertilizing labor services. The request is an opportunity for molasses business owners so it needs to be equipped with an analysis of income calculations for future business development. The purpose of this study is to analyze the income of molasses business. The research location was determined purposively with the consideration that the location is the only distributor of molasses in the area. Based on the results of the analysis, it is found that the business is feasible to run. The R/C analysis shows the result of 5.27 which means that every one unit of cost incurred will generate the revenue. The results show that the business is feasible to be developed. Break Event Point (BEP) rupiah of molasses liquid organic fertilizer business can break even at the price of Rp 231.00 per liter with BEP production of 63,208.06 liters per season.