bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The role of EMODnet Chemistry in the European challenge for Good Environmental Status
Authors: Vinci Matteo , Giorgetti Alessandra , Lipizer Marina
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The European Union set the ambitious objective to reach within 2020 the goal of Good Environmental Status. The European Commission (2008) represents the legislative framework that drives member state efforts to reach it. The Integrated Maritime Policy supported the need to provide a European knowledge base able to drive sustainable development by launching in 2009 a new European Marine Observation and Data Network (EMODnet). Through a stepwise approach, EMODnet Chemistry aims to provide high-quality marine environmental data and related products at the scale of regions and sub-regions defined by the Marine Strategy Framework Directive. The chemistry lot takes advantage and further develops the SeaDataNet pan-European infrastructure and the distributed approach, linking together a network of more than 100 National Oceanographic Data Centres providing data from more than 500 data originators. The close interaction with EEA, RSCs, ICES and EMODnet–MSFD coordination group facilitated the identification of the most appropriate set of information required for the MSFD process. EMODnet Chemistry provides aggregated and validated regional data collections for nutrients, dissolved gasses, chlorophyll, and contaminants, properly visualized with OGC WMS and WPS viewing services. Concentration maps with 10-year moving window from 1960 to 2014, by season and for selected vertical layers, are computed and made available.
Estimating hydraulic conductivity of a crusted loamy soil from beerkan experiments in a Mediterranean vineyard
Authors: Alagna Vincenzo , Bagarello Vincenzo , Di Prima Simone , Guaitoli Fabio , Iovino Massimo , Keesstra Saskia , Cerdà Artemio
Published: February 2017

Abstract. In bare soils of semi-arid areas, surface crusting is a rather common phenomenon due to the impact of raindrops. Water infiltration measurements under ponding conditions constitute a common way for an approximate characterization of crusted soils. In this study, the impact of crusting on soil hydraulic conductivity was assessed in a Mediterranean vineyard (western Sicily, Italy) under conventional tillage. The BEST (Beerkan Estimation of Soil Transfer parameters) algorithm was applied to the infiltration data to obtain the hydraulic conductivity of crusted and uncrusted soils. Soil hydraulic conductivity was found to vary during the year and also spatially (i.e., rows vs. inter-rows) due to crusting, tillage and vegetation cover. A 55 mm rainfall event resulted in a decrease of the saturated soil hydraulic conductivity, Ks, by a factor close to two in the inter-row areas, due to the formation of a crusted layer at the surface. The same rainfall event did not determine a Ks reduction in the row areas (i.e., Ks reduced by a non-significant factor of 1.05) because the vegetation cover intercepted the raindrops and therefore prevented alteration of the soil surface. The developed ring insertion methodology on crusted soil, implying pre-moistening through the periphery of the sampled surface, together with the very small insertion depth of the ring (0.01 m) prevented visible fractures. Consequently, beerkan tests carried out along and between the vine-rows and data analysis by the BEST algorithm allowed to assess crusting-dependent reductions in hydraulic conductivity with extemporaneous measurements alone. Testing the beerkan infiltration run in other crusted soils and establishing comparisons with other experimental methodologies appear advisable to increase confidence on the reliability of the method, that seems suitable to allow simple characterization of crusted soils.
Models for polythermal ice sheets and glaciers
Authors: Hewitt Ian J. , Schoof Christian
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Polythermal ice sheets and glaciers contain both cold ice and temperate ice. We present two new models to describe the temperature and water content of such ice masses, accounting for the possibility of gravity- and pressure-driven water drainage according to Darcy's law. Both models are based on the principle of energy conservation; one additionally invokes the theory of viscous compaction to calculate pore water pressure, and the other involves a modification of existing enthalpy gradient methods to include gravity-driven drainage. The models self-consistently predict the evolution of temperature in cold ice and of water content in temperate ice. Numerical solutions are described, and a number of illustrative test problems are presented, allowing comparison with existing methods. The suggested models are simple enough to be incorporated in existing ice-sheet models with little modification.
An International Comparison on the Cultivation of Next-Generation Academics in Education Research
Authors: Liu Yu-Fei
Published: February 2017

This paper is comprised of an international comparative study on the cultivation of next-generation academics in education research. The purpose of the comparison was to determine international trends in this field, which will be used to evaluate the status quo in Taiwan. Two periods were used for analyzing the process of cultivation: graduate school and postdoctoral research. The research methods employed include a literature review, stakeholder interviews, and comparative analysis. Because of the emphasis on research universities, the cultivation of next-generation academics has received attention worldwide, but very little has been published on this topic. Although several related policies and strategies have been promoted and implemented in many countries, analyses on academic cultivation lack profound investigation and further discussion, specifically regarding education. Consequently, an empirical study on this field is necessary. Therefore, through a comparative analysis with a focus on Japan, this paper provides a summary of the recent international trends regarding the cultivation of next-generation academics. Moreover, I explore the current issues regarding this topic further by applying Bourdieu’s forms of capital theory.
Thinking Ecologically About Rhetoric's Ontology: Capacity, Vulnerability, and Resilience
Authors: Stormer Nathan , McGreavy Bridie
Published: February 2017

Rhetoric teems with ecologically inclined thoughts. This article's interest in “ecology” arises from the circumstance of rhetoric's multiple ontologies. We revise three commonplaces of theory to support discussions that follow from understanding rhetoric's ontology as an emergent, materially diverse phenomenon, shifting the emphasis from agency to capacity, from violence to vulnerability, and from recalcitrance to resilience. The proposed commonplaces treat ecology as an orientation to patterns and relationships in the world, not as a science. The article is organized by these three interrelated transitions. The first transition defines capacity more fully in contrast to symbol use as human agency. The second moves from thinking of rhetorical force as imposition, which is tied to violence, to understanding it as a distributed sense of capacity derived from mutual vulnerabilities between entities. The third suggests that the persistence of rhetorical capacities stems from systemic adaptability and sustainability (resilience) rather than individuated abilities to resist (recalcitrance).
Editorial
Authors: Silva Caroline Cordeiro Viana
Published: February 2017

Não Há
Editorial
Authors: Ferreira Ana Paula Lopes Ferreira , Barbosa Tiago Alexandre Leme
Published: February 2017

Não Há
Editorial
Authors: Mèrcher Leonardo
Published: February 2017

NÃO HÁ
Nursing faculty and student transition to a context–based learning curriculum
Authors: Puplampu Vivian Afrah , Ross Carolyn
Published: February 2017

Background: Context-based learning (CBL) a student-centered teaching and learning approach (STL) is used at the study site to teach undergraduate nursing theory. While it is widely accepted that transition to STL can be difficult, little is known about the perception of nursing faculty and students transition to CBL. The purpose of this study was to describe nursing faculty and students’ perception about their transition to CBL.Methods: An exploratory-descriptive qualitative design was undertaken to understand and describe the perception of nursing faculty and students transition to CBL as a teaching and learning strategy for undergraduate nursing theory courses.Results: Five themes emerged from the students’ data: throwing someone into an ocean, sink or swim, turning point, just doing it, and valuing. Four themes emerged from the faculty data on transition to CBL: an adaptation, trusting the CBL process, a maturing process for students, and controversies about CBL. While the transition was uncomfortable for students and faculty, over time both understood the benefits of CBL.Conclusions: Nursing as a practice discipline will best be served using a variety of teaching and learning strategies in the undergraduate education of nursing students. Based on the findings of this study, recommendations have been made to smooth the transition for faculty members and students not previously exposed to the STL approach using CBL.
The Influence of Employee Empowerment on Employee Job Satisfaction in Five-Star Hotels in Jordan
Authors: Al-Ababneh Mukhles , Al-Sabi Samer , Al-Shakhsheer Firas , Masadeh Mousa
Published: February 2017

This paper examines the influence of empowerment on job satisfaction in five-star hotels in Jordan. The influence of empowerment on job satisfaction remains a relatively unexplored area. A 52-item questionnaire, measuring empowerment and job satisfaction, was distributed to 332 employees in 12 five-star hotels in Jordan with a 56% response rate. Principal components analysis determined the factor structure and regression analysis determined the influence of empowerment on job satisfaction. The results revealed both structural and psychological empowerment have significant individual influences on job satisfaction, but more significant when structural and psychological empowerment are combined. Most of previous studies were conducted in western economies and little in the Middle East generally and Jordan in particular. This research contributes to the literature by including both dimensions of empowerment where previous scholars used only one.
Significance of Social Capital in Socio-economic Development of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Authors: Delic Zlatan , Šaric Hariz , Osmanovic Nedim
Published: February 2017

Social capital is used in interdisciplinary research as an analytical tool for explaining how culture, trust, and cooperation between people may be put into a function of general good, economic development and society in general. The objective of this paper consists of identification and analysis of status in the field of groups and networks, trust and solidarity, collective action and cooperation, information and communication, social cohesion and inclusion, and empowerment and political action, as key dimensions of social capital, and all in the context of overview of its significance in socio-economic development of Bosnia and Herzegovina. For the purpose of implementation of the named aim, a secondary and primary research has been conducted (by surveying 100 members of the top management teams in Bosnian and Herzegovinian SMEs). The research results show a relatively unsatisfactory status in the area of observed dimensions of social capital in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and the decision makers and creators of socio-economic policies should put in a more significant effort in the area of development of social capital which has a significant potential in the context of incitement of socio-economic development.
Empirical Investigation of Symmetric and Asymmetric Target Adjustment Models: Capital Structure of Non-Financial Firms in Jordan
Authors: Abu Khalaf Bashar K.
Published: February 2017

The different capital structure theories propose the possible asymmetric behavior of capital structure. Thus, this paper empirically investigates whether non-financial Jordanian firms follow symmetrical or asymmetrical adjustment model. Then, an interaction model with the size and profitability (firm characteristics) investigated the impact of low/high profit and small/large size on the adjustment of leverage towards the target leverage ratio. This paper covered the period of 14 years (2002-2015) for a total of 110 companies listed on Amman Stock Exchange (75 industrial and 35 services). Results indicate that although Jordanian firms seek a target leverage ratio, their adjustment towards that target is Asymmetrical and high profitable and large companies tend to adjust faster than low profitable and small size companies.
The Reflection of Manifestations of West Culture in Ahmad Fars Al-Shadiaq’s Works
Authors: Vamkani Zahra Khosravi , Koomleh Mahdi Najafi
Published: February 2017

The most important reasons of the appearance of new literary movements in the Arabic countries can be the collapse of the Ottoman Empire, the dispatch of students and the people’s emigration to Europe, the establishment of printing, newspaper and magazine industry.In fact, the 19th century is the age of awakening of Arabic countries and their relationships with European countries. Meanwhile, thinkers such as Ahmad Fars Shadiaq have attempted more for opening the west civilization gates and advancement of the goals of this movement. In this era, the civilization gates were more opened to all groups living in the society and the cause of dehiscence of potential talents in Arabic countries was provided and it internalized the backgrounds of development, promotion and civil amendments of these countries.In the present study, the attempts have been made to investigate the shut-in-personality of Ahmad Fars Shadiiaq and the reflection of west culture in his works regarding the individual freedoms, social justice and women.
On K-extending modules
Authors: Amouzegar Tayyebeh
Published: February 2017

Let $M$ be a right $R$-module and $S=End_R(M)$. We call $M$ a $\mathcal{K}$-extending module if for every element $\phi\in S$, Ker$\phi$ is essential in a direct summand of $M$. In this paper we investigate these modules. We give a characterization of $\mathcal{K}$-extending modules. We prove that if $M$ is a projective self-generator module, then $M$ is a $\mathcal{K}$-extending module and every finitely generated projective right ideal of $S$ is a summand if and only if $S$ is semiregular and $\Delta(M)=Jac(S)$, where $\Delta(M)=\{f\in S \mid Ker f\leq^e M \}$ if and only if $M$ is $Z(M)$-$\mathcal{I}$-lifting.
Coefficients of strongly alpha-convex and alpha-logarithmicaly convex functions
Authors: Thomas Derek Keith
Published: February 2017

Let the function $f$ be analytic in $D=\{z:|z|<1\}$ and be  given by $f(z)=z+\sum_{n=2}^{\infty}a_{n}z^{n}$.  For $0< \beta \le 1$, denote by  $C (\beta)$ and $S^*(\beta)$ the classes of strongly  convex functions and strongly starlike functions respectively.  For $0\le \alpha \le1$ and $0< \beta \le 1$, let $M(\alpha, \beta)$ be the class of strongly alpha-convex functions defined by $\left|\arg \Big((1-\alpha) \dfrac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\Big)+\alpha (1+\dfrac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)})^{}\Big)\right|< \dfrac{\pi \beta }{2}$, and  $M^{*}(\alpha, \beta)$ the class of strongly alpha-logarithmically  convex functions defined by  $\left|\arg\Big( \Big( \dfrac{zf'(z)}{f(z)}\Big)^{1-\alpha}\Big(1+\dfrac{zf''(z)}{f'(z)}\Big)^{\alpha}\Big)\right|< \dfrac{\pi \beta }{2}$.  We give sharp bounds for the initial coefficients of $f\in M(\alpha,\beta)$ and $f\in M^{*}(\alpha,\beta)$, and for the initial coefficients of the inverse function $f^{-1}$ of $f\in M(\alpha,\beta)$ and $f\in M^{*}(\alpha,\beta)$. These results generalise and unify known coefficient inequalities for $C (\beta)$ and $S^*(\beta)$
Are E-Cigarettes Good or Bad?
Authors: Górski Paweł
Published: February 2017

The first generation of e-cigarettes appeared on the EU market in 2006 and soon after it was introduced in the United States. It seems to be very difficult to compare health effects of all of the three generations [...]
Corticosteroids and Hip Fracture Risk in Elderly Respiratory Patients: EPIC-Greece Cohort
Authors: Karakatsani Anna , Katsoulis Michail , Klinaki Eleni , Trichopoulou Antonia
Published: February 2017

Introduction: In an ageing population the prevalence of osteoporosis and chronic respiratory diseases is expected to increase in the near future. Interestingly, several forms of corticosteroids, drugs implicated in osteoporosis pathogenesis, are prescribed to respiratory patients without taking into consideration their age and risk for osteoporotic fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk for hip fracture of the elder individuals who are taking corticosteroids for respiratory disease, including inhalers. Material and methods: Data on incident hip fractures were collected through the active follow-up for all individuals participating in the Greek segment of the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Greece) study who were 60 years or older at recruitment and reported “a doctor’s diagnosis” of respiratory disease. Socio-demographic, life-style, health status data and use of corticosteroids were recorded from the baseline and follow-up questionnaires. Cox regression models were applied to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) adjusting for relevant confounders. Results: We observed an increase in hip fracture risk with corticosteroid intake overall (HR: 1.68, 95% CI: 0.85–3.34). Increased risk persisted when we restricted our analysis to participants taking any form of corticosteroids for obstructive lung disease (HR: 1.40, 95% CI: 0.64–3.06) and to those using only inhalers (HR: 1.58, 95% CI: 0.71–3.50). However, these positive associations did not reach the nominal level of significance probably due to the small number of participants with hip fractures during follow-up. Conclusion: Hip fracture risk should be taken into consideration when recommending corticosteroids to the elder respiratory patients, including inhalers.
A Debate: Can We Recommend Electronic Cigarettes to Our Patients? Opinion 1
Authors: Zielonka Tadeusz
Published: February 2017

A discussion about disadvantages of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has recently broken out. There are even opinions that they are as harmful as regular cigarettes. However, this has not been proved, and theoretical premises suggest that e-cigarettes should be definitely less harmful as while using them, tobacco is not burned and harmful substances, in particular carcinogens are not produced. Certain premises assume that e-cigarettes may be used as a new form of nicotine replacement therapy, but this has not been confirmed yet. Therefore, further research into harmfulness and safety of the use of e-cigarettes is required. This paper presents solely reasons for the possibility of recommending e-cigarettes to people addicted to nicotine.
Involvement of Algebraic-Geometrical Duality in Shaping Fraction’s Meaning and Calculation Strategies with Fractions
Authors: Kërënxhi Svjetllana , Gjoci Pranvera
Published: February 2017

Many mathematical concepts and processes, besides the algebraic form of their presentation, can be modeled as well geometrically through diagrams and graphics. Both these aspects of concepts demonstration (algebraic and geometrical aspect) are present on mathematical textbooks of pre-university education. In this paper we consider algebraic and geometrical aspect on 6th grade math textbooks and in particular algebraic-geometrical duality, aiming that the fraction concept and the fraction calculation strategy to be assimilated better by the students. A study was made with 78 students to understand their abilities to express using algebraic symbols and to introduce mathematical situations with geometrical models for “Fractions” chapter. After the analysis of calculative strategies applied by students, in the article it is suggested that algebraic-geometrical duality must be included in teaching based on a complete framework. This will enable students to fully realize the deep understanding of concepts and the calculative strategies they are using.
The Impact of Games in Understanding Mathematical Concepts to Preschool Children
Authors: Beka Arbresha
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this action research is to examine the impact of Mathematics games on the understanding of concepts of numbers and numbering with preschool children. The research involved a total of 58 children from four groupings of “Naim Frashëri” school and their parents. Firstly, it was condacted pretest, with the aim of identifying the children who have difficulties and problems with adopting Mathematics concepts, followed by an action plan in class. The research was implemented during the first semester of 2014. During this period, three action plans on learning the number and numbering concepts were realized: in the first action plan - through Games with manipulativ tools; in the second action plan through Games in nature; whilst the third action plan involved Mathematics and Logic Games. The study involved data collection through observation lists, focus group, questionnaires with parents, working sheets, preparing the test before, during and after the action plan. Afterwards, we observed the data and analyzed it through statistical methods, thematic methods, coding the information extracted from questionnaires with parents and the observation list. The results of this research show that the uses of the mathematic games with preschool children’s have an impact in the development on understanding's the number and numbering concepts. The use of Mathematics games, also have a direct impact on effectiveness and quality during Mathematics classes.
Parental Motivations in Sending Children to School in a Paradoxical Indian Learning System of Declining Learning Curve and Increasing Enrolment: A Case Study of West Bengal
Authors: Chauhan Ujjawal , Gupta Kaushalya
Published: February 2017

Current studies explain the growth in enrolment in Indian primary schools to be a result of ‘cost-effective’ incentivized education by the Indian Government. However, this does not explain why parents living below the poverty line (BPL) are forgoing higher opportunity costs and sending their children to school, especially in the context of a declining learning curve. This study investigates the motivating factors among BPL parents and the relative significance of incentives in shaping their decisions regarding their children’s enrolment. This study also reveals qualitative and quantitative data based results showing Right to Education (RTE) Act’s (2009) ‘free and compulsory primary education for all’ motivating millions of ‘very poor’ first generation learners to enroll. However, in these households, incentivized education is not sufficiently cost-effective to substitute child labor. Furthermore, The Right to Education Act’s No Fail Policy is shown to have negatively impacted learning in government schools.
Economic Features of Lezha District
Authors: Kaza Ariola
Published: February 2017

The idea of the functional area was extremely important to the territorial reform which was implemented in Albania during the year 2014. Through this reform new and bigger local units were determined and high expectations were set toward a more consistent development and more efficient use of the public sector resources as well as utilization of the private sector energies. This study was conducted in the period of March - September 2015. Data is extracted from existing sources. The main data are retrieved by local government units which constitute Lezha’s functional area as well as Lezha District. Tourism and Agriculture are regarded as the most important sectors from all development strategies of local units. There are other growing sectors in Lezha which are making progress, albeit a bit slowly. They are worthy of attention due to the number of businesses and their employees. The most pronounced industries here are timber, fish processing industry, agriculture and livestock products. Another industry of considerable significance in this area is that of extracting and processing construction materials and nonmetallic mineral reserves. The territorial reform implemented in Albania aimed at efficient use of the public sector resources, as well as toward utilization of the private sector energies.
Legal Protection for Prisoners for a Conditional Exemption in the Perspective of Human Rights
Authors: Jumaidi Lalu ,   Rodliyah, Nurjaya I. Nyoman , Asikin Zainal
Published: February 2017

The purposes of this paper are to analyze and find the implementation of the liberation of parole for inmates certain crimes. This study is a normative legal research; the approach used is the approach of legislation, Conceptual, Comparative, and Historical. The results obtained are Implementation of parole for inmates of certain criminal acts, in essence, embodies the formulation remissions to the perpetrators of certain criminal offenses have been formulated differently from other criminal offenders through PP No. 28/2006 juntco PP No. 32/1999 juntco PP 99/2012.
Albanian Economy: Proportional or Progressive Taxation?
Authors: Bardhi Ejona
Published: February 2017

Choosing the best system of taxation lies in the balance between equality and fairness or efficiency. It is an expression that should guide any fiscal policy. Given that one of the hottest economic topics that pits the political parties can not stay away from the attention of citizens and scholars of the economy. On the one hand we have a tax that provides the same percentage for all categories of income, on the other hand you have a tax increase progressively in line with revenues. therefore, taxes less progressive taxation individuals with lower incomes, but if the tax burden shifted progressively to individuals with higher incomes, it remains to be discussed. Like most developing countries, Albania differs in many respects from developed countries, among which capacity institutional, state, rule of law, the structure of the economy and other economic characteristics. Such differences justify a different tax policy. Progressive taxation has been applied in Albania since 2015. Is this a tax that provides equality for all? Stated every moment and in every public appearance of our politicians, "equality before the law" as a principle that should be applied objectively and accurately reports, but this system offers true equality before the law? What has brought the Albanian economy this system? What happened to investments or unemployment? Through this work I intend to present a clear analysis of income tax applied in Albanian economic system and how this tax has affected the economy as a whole. Also this work is also a reflection on the advantages and disadvantages of this tax system.
The Role of EU Funds in Improving Albania’s PFM Reforms (2014-2020)
Authors: Kepi Jola Himçi
Published: February 2017

Strengthening Albanian public financial management is indeed a crucial basis for consolidating public finances and managing these in line with EU standards. Beyond the short term-measures on the existing EU support to PFM such as controls, audits and others, EU is seeking that Albania needs an overall, long-term public financial management policy in line with the EU standards. The purpose of this article is underlining the importance of EU funds in improving Albania in the way to reform its Public Finance Management for 2014-2020.
Shopping Behavior Among Urban Women
Authors: Wahyuddin Muhammad , Setyawan Anton A. , Nugroho Sidiq Permono
Published: February 2017

This research was aimed to analyze the difference of men and women in Surakarta in perceiving the shopping value. The values were classified into the hedonic and utilitarian value. Hedonic value occurs when consumers rely on their emotional, social, and psychological aspect, while utilitarian value is more concerned with the functional aspect in carrying out the activity. Result showed that there was difference perception between men and women as retail consumers. In this study, women tended to have hedonic value as their shopping orientation, while men tended to have utilitarian orientation. It implied that gender was an important aspect in structuring business position and segmentation in retail industry.
System for Electronic Archiving of Document in Republic of Kosovo: An Evaluation of Success Factors- Design-Reality Gap Analysis
Authors: Zejnullahu Fakije , Baholli Indrit
Published: February 2017

Use of Innovation of ICT in activities of the public sector, referred to as e-Government, has helped governments to improve their services to citizens, to businesses and to government units by making them more qualitative and easily accessible. The initiative of e-Government in Kosovo was identified as a priority of the government in 2008 and since then a number of projects have been implemented, amongst them the System for Electronic Archiving of Document (SEAD). Since the partial or full failure of implementation of e-government projects is very frequent phenomenon in developing countries, the identification of success and failure factors of projects is necessary in order to address them on time. In this study are assessed the level of success of implementation of SEAD and are identified the critical success and failure factors of this system through seven dimensions ITPOSMO by using the Design Reality Gap Analysis. By measuring the design-reality gap across seven dimensions, we have assessed the success of the implementation of SEAD, which scored 18.05. Results from this study indicate that if no action is taken to reduce the size of gaps, particularly the gap in dimensions “Processes” and “Staffing and Skills”, project risks falling in the category “Partial Failure”. Findings from this research will serve to reduce the risks that may affect the successful implementation of e-governance in Republic of Kosovo, and also will serve other researchers in identifying the failure and success factors of e-Government in developing countries.
Employment Policy and International Labour Standards
Authors: Çoçka Kesiana , Maxhelaku Armela , Rusi Ilir
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this paper is to give some general considerations on employment policy and international labour standards. This paper examines the context and the obligations under Convention no. 122, specifically: to declare an employment policy and to identify objectives of policies that can be implemented. It is important to mention that, this Convention, is one of the most important conventions that has defined the detail procedures regarding drafting and implementation of employment policies. According to this Convention, it is mandatory the involvement of representatives persons involved, in drafting and operation processes of employment policies. In this regard, authorities should take appropriate measures to secure that employers rights are respected and take into account their experience, views and opinions concerning employment policies. In order to stimulate economic growth, each member state should implement an active policy, in order to provide work for any person who was willing and able to work and an economic situation in which all available labor resources are being used. Furthermore in this paper will be identified general and selective measures, which are defined in Employment Policy Recommendation, 1964 (No. 122). The paper is focused especially on analyzing different issues regarding active labour market policies and employment policies. An important part of this paper, is the analysis of the flexibility in the labour market background, definitions of flexicurity, also security and flexibility in labour markets.
Palmyra Fiber as Additional Materials on Solid Concrete Brick of Aggregate
Authors:   Asrial,   Antariksa, Leksono Amin Setyo , Indriyani Serafinah
Published: February 2017

The use of waste as an additional material on the building work was increasingly actively developed, such as straw, styrofoam, bagasse, cow manure. The key drivers of the use of waste is the potential for waste is increasing, due to the depletion of nonrenewable resources. Papyrus rod diameter 60 cm, length 30 meters, has a volume of 5,652m3 as well as the edges of the Rods that can be used for construction with a thickness of 3 cm has a volume 0,942m3, Pith and fiber volume content of the stem 4,71m3/rod, then in one rod, there are 2 to 3 bunches each fruit bunches yield as much as 20 to 30 items for one harvest, by weight of fruit fiber 101.2 gram / fruit, Fiber characteristics are round and smooth is expected to reduce cracks in solid concrete brick and also can reduce the use of sand. This study aims to determine the compressive strength of the composition of the additional material of Rods fiber content and Fiber of palmyra fruit with a percentage 3%, 6% and 9%, mixing ratio; 1 cement and 5 sand in the manufacture of solid concrete brick. Rods fiber content used the average Ø1,031mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 39,305N / cm and fruit fiber to an average value Ø0,40mm with a tensile strength of single fiber 33,691N / cm. Making test specimen with a length of 20cm, width 10cm and thick 8cm. The test results of compressive strength after 14 days with the lowest value at 3% of additional material combination of fiber content of 6% fiber stem and fruit by 70,384Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,254% In weight position 2,935Kg as well as the highest value on the combination of additional material 0% rods fiber content and 3% fruit fiber by 98,821Kg/cm² with a water content of 15,031% In weight position 3,058Kg. While N (without additional material) with a compressive strength below the average id 63,704Kg/cm2 with water content of 10,167 in weight position 3,072Kg. Research result of solid concrete brick with additional material of rods fiber content and palmyra fruit fiber was included on the type B70, the average value of the compressive strength of 78.57 Kg / cm² (SNI-03-1348-1989) with a water content of <25%.
The Importance of Assessing Medicinal and Aromatic Plants as Products of Territory - In Order to Develop Tourism and Rural Areas
Authors: Kadiu Edmond , Tërpollari Arben , Apostoli Stilian , Nesturi Erdit , Belegu Majlinda , Kapaj Ilir
Published: February 2017

The concept of rural development, it stems from many factors and variables circumstantial of area as rural tourism, agritourism, products of territory, in our case the medicinal and aromatic plants. In this paper we estimate the land fund by purpose and destination of use is grouped into three categories, where the third, with about 53 thousand hectares, is less fertile, affected by erosion, and should be used with priority. Their expansion results to be 67% in mountain areas, 31% in hilly areas and only 2% in lowland areas. The more effective alternative according to our agriculture theory and practice is that of the aromatic and medicinal plants (medicinal and aromatic plants) that have multi-dimensional cultivating interests for our country, conditioned by the climatic and soil conditions as well as the economic and organizational conditions of a range of stakeholders related to the aromatic and medicinal plants, such as their growers, collectors, aggregators, processors and traders (exporters). In terms of our country the aromatic and medicinal plants have two main situations: From the wild, outdoor and, b) Cultivated, in increasingly growing areas, in different areas and with differentiated practices. Among the the aromatic and medicinal plants in complexity, sage, thyme and oregano have obvious superiority in area planted and the production realized out of their total. The advantage of the aromatic and medicinal plants results in full use of agricultural land, in a broader employment of free labor force (mainly women), increase of income, increase of their exports, which currently account for about 52-54 % of the total that agriculture as a whole realizes in the last years, etc.
Globalization and Growth Symptoms of Economic Changes Versus Legal Reforms in Albania and Management Challenges Too
Authors: Kingji Ledja , Vokshi Krenare , Dumi Alba Robert
Published: February 2017

The last years that there is a significant decline in economic growth, there are real freezing increase in budget revenues, deepening budget deficit, an increase of the stock ,the debt stock, deterioration of the trade balance, the decline of crediting to economy, remittances are also in decline, while the EURO and USD continue to rise towards ALL (Albanian Lek). Such indicators are enough symptoms of the concerns why the economic growth in future periods may be difficult and will require more time to return to levels before the crisis. Without high rates of economic growth every economic challenge, social and integration becomes too much difficult in our country. This topic that I am presenting consist in improving the wider usage of strategic management in medium-sized enterprises and small ones ,in our country.
Gaining through Bereavement: A Comparative Study of the Literature of Bijan Najdi and Gabriel Garcia Marquez
Authors: Barghani Zahra Sonia
Published: February 2017

Throughout human history bereavement has always imposed its undeniable and inevitable impact on the life of those affected by it. Despite all discrepancies what can be considered the common ground in bereavement among all nations regardless of cultural, ideological, religious and ethical values is the fact that bereavement infuses an indispensable change into the lives of those encountering it. The comparative study of Burial and The Handsomest Drowned Man in the World by Iranian and Colombian authors, respectively, points out the unconventional reversed handling of bereavement which results in obtaining insight into the human capacity to mature. Both authors make their characters inseminate their barren lives with grief to produce a change which is drastic and flourishing in Gabriel Garcia Marquez and soothing and stabilizing in Bijan Najdi. Through the course of the stories the childless couple in Najdi and the villagers in Garcia Marquez are gradually exposed to the truth of their lives ironically by the corpses coming up their ways quite unexpectedly and learn to develop new identities, attaching themselves to and possessing the bodies. This comparative study sheds light on how the revelation they experience inculcates a joyful, fluid mobility in the villagers and stability in the couple’s life. The study of these texts reveals the absolute notion that the actual change originates from the world within and what lies in the world without is dead.
Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment in Middle-Income Countries: New Middle-Income Trap Evidence
Authors: Tampakoudis Ioannis A. , Subeniotis Demetres N. , Kroustalis Ioannis G. , Skouloudakis Manolis I.
Published: February 2017

The determinants of FDI have been examined extensively in the literature; however, the empirical findings are inconclusive and often diverging. Developing and emerging countries have attracted the bulk of FDI inflows since the early 2000s, subsequently improving their economic level. Nevertheless, many middle-income countries got stuck in the middle-income trap, failing to make the transition to the high-income level. The study investigates the effects of certain determinants on FDI inflows to middle-income countries, with respect to avoiding the middle-income trap. We employ a panel data analysis for fifteen middleincome countries gathering data from 1980 onwards. The results highlight the significance of trade openness, GDP and population growth on inward FDI, while financial development, inflation, infrastructure and fuel exports are found to be insignificant. Empirical findings may force governments to apply policies in certain areas, with the aim of attracting further FDI while at the same time escaping the middle-income trap.
Legal Aspects of Living Arrangement Responsive and Sustainable
Authors:   Ashari,   Muhaimin, Wibowo G. D. H. , Adolf H.
Published: February 2017

The purpose of this research is to: (1) analyzing the principles and substance of the relevant spatial responsive and sustainable; (2) analyzing the institutional and mechanism/procedure as what to support spatial responsive and sustainable; (3) finding a model of spatial perspective responsive and sustainable. For further research of a normative law (legal research) by using a philosophical approach, the statute approach, the conceptual approach and the historical approach. The results obtained are: First, the spatial arrangement of the elements is part of the Environment. Therefore, the principle or principles in the management of the Environment shall apply mutatis mutandis also applies to the arrangement of space; second, the substance of the arrangement of space includes the planning, utilization, control utilization of space. The elements in the content material are an organic unity that cannot be separated from one to another; Third, institutional spatial planning there is still a dependent institutional, structural or still the subordination of the other institutions. In addition, mechanisms or procedures in spatial stats still lead to Institutional responsive spatial planning and sustainable (top down approach).
Den argumentative teksttype i reklamer
Authors: Nielsen Anne Ellerup
Published: February 2017

The text-typology model developed by Jean-Michel Adam is one of the most well-defined and operational models if one wants to categorize whole texts or text fragments into smaller units. Given that a texttype is the result of specific functional and structural relations between micro- and macropropositions, it is a multicriterial model which takes into account both the syntactic, semantic and pragmatic features of texts. How-ever, the model seems to offer some problems in establishing the limits between the argumentative and the descriptive text type. This imprecision is apparently due to the lack of distinction between the discourse potential of evaluative and referential pro-positions. This problem will be demonstrated on examples from the genre of ad-vertising material which, because of its persuasive purpose, is particularly rich in argumentative features.
Center for Leksikografi
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning
Published: February 2017

No abstract.
"Sorry does not pay my bills". The Handling of Complaints in Everyday Interaction/Cross-Cultural Business Interaction
Authors: Trosborg Anna , Shaw Philip
Published: February 2017

This article is concerned with the teaching of pragmatic functions when training stu-dents for a future career in intercultural business communication. Having outlined six important constellations likely to result in success or failure, we focus on strategies for the successful handling of customer complaints seen in comparison with responses to complaints in everyday interactions. It is suggested that transfer of behaviour con-sidered suitable in everyday face-to-face interaction to business interaction may lead to unsuccessful processing of customer complaints.
Značaj korelacije između koeficijenta anksioznosti DASR i kardio–vaskularnog odgovora kroz praćenje vitalnih parametara kod oralno-hirurške intervencije
Authors: Ibragimagić-Šeper Lejla , Pojskić Belma , Selimović Edin
Published: February 2017

Uvod. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se ispita korelacija između anksioznosti vezaneza hirurško ekstrahovanje impaktiranih trećih molara, a procijenjene pomoćuNorman Corah-ovog Dentalnog koeficijenta aksioznosti i kardiovaskularnogodgovora procijenjenog kroz vrijednost vitalnih parametara.Metode. U istraživanje je bio uključen 501 pacijent, 291 muškog i 210 ženskogpola, starosti od 18 do 45 godina. Nivo anksioznosti se procjenjivao upotrebomCorah’s Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) dan prije intervencije. Mjerenje vitalnihparametara (krvnog pritiska, frekvencija srčanog rada, frekvencija disanja) sesprovodilo dan prije intervencije, na dan interevencije i dan poslije intervencije,upotrebom digitalnog manometra koji mjeri sve tri vrijednosti istovremeno.Svako mjerenje se ponovilo po pet puta, svaka dva minuta.Rezultati. Vrijednost DAS koeficijenta (DASR) prije intervencije je bio 14,32 ±4,01. Sistolni krvni pritisak je prva dva dana mjerenja bio 131,6 i 132,6 mmHg,a trećeg dana 125,3 Hg, a slična promjena je registrovana i za dijastolni krvnipritisak (81,8; 83,0 i 75,9 mmHg). Vrijednosti pulsa su bile 88,5; 88,9 i 81,56,a frekvencija disanja 24,3, 25,1 i 20,5. Postoji statistički značajna pozitivnakorelacija između intenziteta dentalne anksioznosti procijenjene pomoćuDASR sa vrijednostima vitalnih parametara izmjerenih sva tri dana, iakosu koeficijenti korelacije između DASR i vrijednosti vitalnih parametara bilinešto manji za vrijednosti vitalnih parametara izmjerenih trećeg u odnosuna prvi dan mjerenja.Zaključak. Pozitivne vrijednosti koeficijenata korelacije ukazuju da povećanjeDASR uslovljava povećane vrijednosti svih vitalnih parametara za sva tridana mjerenja. Smanjenje koeficijenata korelacije trećeg dana mjerenja, kaoi vrijednosti mjerenih parametara predviđenih protokolom istraživanja seobjašnjava činjenicom da je oralno-hirurški zahvat završen, pa je i psihičkoopterećenje pacijenata i shodno tome ‘’odgovor’’ organizma na isto, manji.
Primjena autohemoterapije u liječenju hronične urtikarije
Authors: Ninković Baroš Đuka , Gajanin Vesna , Sladojević Igor , Gajanin Radoslav , Krivokuća Svetozar
Published: February 2017

Uvod. U liječenju hronične urtikarije, osim standardnih protokola, može bitiefikasna i primjena autohemoterapije. Cilj rada je utvrditi uspješnost autohemoterapijeu liječenju hronične autoimunske urtikarije na težinu bolesti iprosječnu dužinu trajanja hronične urtikarije kod pacijenata liječenih u našojustanovi.Metode. Ispitivana su 64 bolesnika sa hroničnom urtikarijom tokom šestnedjelja. Ispitanici su podijeljeni u dvije grupe: 28 bolesnika sa autoimunskomhroničnom urtikarijom kojima su ordinirane standardna i autohemoterapija i36 bolesnika sa idiopatskom hroničnom urtikarijom kojima je ordinirana samostandardna terapija. Terapijski uspjeh primjene autohemoterapije u liječenjuhronične urtikarije smo pratili pomoću skora težine urtikarije (engl. UrticariaSeverity Score – USS). Takođe, odredili smo prosječnu dužinu trajanja urtikarije.Za statističku analizu korišćeni su Mann-Whitney i Friedman-ov test,za nivo značajnosti razlike manje od 5%.Rezultati. Poređenjem vrijednosti USS utvrđena je statistički značajnarazlika u visini nedjeljnog USS na početku i na kraju ispitivanja kod objegrupe bolesnika: kod bolesnika sa autoimunskom hroničnom urtikarijom(χ2 = 122,130, p< 0,001) i kod bolesnika sa idiopatskom hroničnom urtikarijom(χ2 = 137,827, p<0,001). Poređenjem vrijednosti USS između grupa bolesnikatokom prvih pet nedjelja praćenja nije utvrđena statistički značajna razlika.Međutim, u šestoj nedjelji je nađena statistički značajna razlika u USS izmeđuispitivanih grupa (p = 0,032). Kod bolesnika sa autoimunskom hroničnomurtikarijom i idiopatskom hroničnom urtikarijom prosječna dužina trajanjaurtikarije približno je iznosila 20 mjeseci i nema statistički značajne razlike udužini trajanja urtikarije između grupa (p = 0,978).Zaključak. Autohemoterapija se pokazala efikasnom i uspješnom u liječenjuautoimunske hronične urtikarije u odnosu na standardne protokole liječenjahronične urtikarije, ali ne utiče na dužinu trajanja urtikarije.