bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A New Symptom, ‘Palinendophonia', Associated with Pure Verbal Palinacousis Induced by a Right Inferior Temporal Lesion
Authors: Magnin Eloi , Ryff Ilham , Hague Sébastien , Decavel Pierre , Vighetto Alain , Moulin Thierry
Published: November 2015

We describe the case of a patient with pure verbal palinacousis and perseveration of inner speech after a right inferior temporal lesion. The superior temporal lobe, including the superior temporal sulcus and the interhemispheric connection between the 2 superior temporal lobes, explored by tractography, were preserved. These regions are involved in voice processing, verbal short-term memory and inner speech. It can then be hypothesised that abnormal activity in this network has occurred. Palinacousis and ‘palinendophonia', a term proposed for this symptom not previously reported, may be due to common cognitive processes disorders involved in both voice hearing and inner speech.
Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Presenting with Synchronous Bilateral Intracerebral Macrohemorrhages
Authors: Shelton Jeremy S. , Davis Larry T. , Peebles Ray Stokes , Tillman Benjamin F. , Mobley Bret C.
Published: November 2015

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is the deposition of amyloid proteins in the cerebrovasculature, which can lead to intracerebral hemorrhage. Intracerebral hemorrhage in CAA often presents with microhemorrhages and, less frequently, with more devastating macrohemorrhages. We present a case of CAA-related synchronous bilateral intracerebral macrohemorrhage which, to our knowledge, has yet to be reported in the literature, and postulate its relationship to antiplatelet therapy and transient elevations in blood pressure.
Role of exosite binding modulators in the inhibition of Fxa by TFPI
Authors: Heinzmann Alexandra , Hackeng Tilman M. , Hartmann Rudolf , Scheiflinger Friedrich , Dockal Michael , Rosing Jan , Peraramelli Sameera , Thomassen Stella
Published: November 2015

Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) down-regulates the extrinsic coagulation pathway by inhibiting FXa and FVIIa. Both TFPI and FXa interact with several plasma proteins (e. g. prothrombin, FV/FVa, protein S) and non-proteinaceous compounds (e. g. phospholipids, heparin). It was our aim to investigate effects of ligands that bind to FXa and TFPI on FXa inhibition by full-length TFPI (designated TFPI) and truncated TFPI (TFPI1-150). Inhibition of FXa by TFPI and TFPI1-150 and effects of phospholipids, heparin, prothrombin, FV, FVa, and protein S thereon was quantified from progress curves of conversion of the FXa-specific chromogenic substrate CS11-(65). Low concentrations negatively charged phospholipids (~10 μM) already maximally stimulated (up to 5- to 6-fold) FXa inhibition by TFPI. Unfractionated heparin at concentrations (0.2–1 U/ml) enhanced FXa inhibition by TFPI ~8-fold, but impaired inhibition at concentrations > 1 U/ml. Physiological protein S and FV concentrations both enhanced FXa inhibition by TFPI 2- to 3-fold. In contrast, thrombin-activated FV (FVa) impaired the ability of TFPI to inhibit FXa. FXa inhibition by TFPI1–150 was not affected by FV, FVa, protein S, phospholipids and heparin. TFPI potently inhibited FXa-catalysed prothrombin activation in the absence of FVa, but hardly inhibited prothrombin activation in the presence of thrombin-activated FVa. In conclusion, physiological concentrations TFPI (0.25–0.5 nM TFPI) inhibit FXa with a t1/2 between 3–15 minutes. Direct FXa inhibition by TFPI is modulated by physiological concentrations prothrombin, FV, FVa, protein S, phospholipids and heparin indicating the importance of these modulators for the in vivo anticoagulant activity of TFPI.
Taxonomic studies on vespid wasps (Hymenoptera: Vespoidea: Vespidae) of Chhattisgarh, India
Authors: Kumar P. Girish , Sharma Gaurav
Published: November 2015

Fourteen genera and 33 species of wasps belonging to the family Vespidae are reported from the Indian state of Chhattisgarh, of which seven genera and 23 species are new records for Chhattisgarh.

 
Status and diversity of snakes (Reptilia: Squamata: Serpentes) at the Chittagong University Campus in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahsan M. F. , Haidar I. K.A. , Rahman M. M.
Published: November 2015

A study was conducted on the status and diversity of snakes of the Chittagong University Campus (CUC) between September 2013 and December 2014, and on preserved snake specimens of museums of CUC (Department of Zoology, University of Chittagong; Institute of Marine Sciences and Fisheries, University of Chittagong; and Institute of Forestry and Environmental Sciences, University of Chittagong).  Thirty-six species of snakes belonging to 22 genera and five families (Typhlopidae, Pythonidae, Colubridae, Elapidae and Viperidae) were recorded from CUC during the study period. Colubridae comprised the highest (24 species i.e., 66.67%) number of species and Pythonidae the lowest (1 species). Checkered Keelback Xenochrophis piscator was the most common snake and the rarest was the Bengalese Kukri Snake Oligodon dorsalis belonging to the family Colubridae.  Among venomous snakes Banded Krait Bungarus fasciatus was the most common snake and Black Krait Bungarus niger was the most rare.  Their status in CUC has been assessed.

 
New records of Chondrilla australiensis and Chondrilla grandistellata (Demospongiae: Chondrosida: Chondrillidae) from Havelock Island, South Andaman, India
Authors: Immanuel Titus , Krishnan P. , Raghuraman R. , Veerappan Narayansamy , Dam-Roy Sibnarayan
Published: November 2015

The genus Chondrilla is reported from the Andaman group of Islands off Havelock Island for the first time, with two species, C. grandistellata and C. australiensis in this study.  This genus has previously been reported and represented by four species in Indian waters viz., Chondrilla mixta, C. sacciformis, C. kilakaria and C. australiensis. C. australiensis is light brown to reddish-brown in colour; encrusts primarily on live boulder corals; contains oxyasters measuring 14.8-(18.5)-22.2 µm and spherasters measuring 17.3-(26)-29.7 µm. C. grandistellata is tan or brown in colour with unevenly distributed white speckles; Contains large spherasters that measure 106.3-(143.3)-175.6 µm.  In this study it is suggested that C. sacciformis specimens reported previously from India may be C. grandistellata; this probable conspecificity is also discussed. 

 
Genetic relatedness provides support for a species complex of myxosporeans infecting the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita
Authors: Kaur Harpreet , Gupta Aditya
Published: November 2015

Myxozoans are an economically important group of microscopic metazoan parasites of fish. The myxozoan species Thelohanellus filli infects commercially important freshwater fish both in wild and in cultured habitat. This parasite causes gill hemorrhagic disease and significant damage to the respiratory surface of the infected fish. In the present study, the 18S rDNA gene sequence of morphologically identified T. filli infecting the gill lamellae of the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, was characterized. This revealed that we are actually dealing with a species complex containing T. bifurcata, T. jiroveci and T. seni. Phylogenetically, T. filli clustered with other myxozoan parasites, with the species most closely related to T. filli having 96 to 97% sequence similarity. The intraspecific variation demonstrated in this study points towards the importance of newer approaches to facilitate reassessment of taxa and detecting species complexes and cryptic species.
To Ordain or not to Ordain? A Self-Determination Theory Perspective on How Ministerial Candidates and Dioceses Use Psychological Assessment in Ordination Process
Authors: Nortomaa Aura
Published: November 2015

Psychological assessments are nowadays often used when recruiting new pastors in churches. However, no studies have yet examined how the results from these assessments are used when deciding on ordination. It is not known how the candidates evaluate their result and how it impacts their career process, or how bishops use the assessment results in their evaluation of a candidate. The present study inspected these aspects in the context of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. A quantitative survey was sent to those who had participated in the psychological assessment during 2006-2010, and bishops and diocesan chapter members received an electronic survey containing open-ended questions. Both parties considered the assessments important, although they did not use the results themselves. According to Self-Determination Theory, this reluctance to use standardised selection practices can be explained as lack of perceived autonomy.
Contracted Diphthongs in Old Khotanese
Authors: Hitch Doug
Published: November 2015

Metrical patterns in the great Buddhist poem known as The Book of Zambasta reveal previously unrecognized features in the Old Khotanese synchronic morphophonological processes known collectively as contraction. The contractions examined here are limited to nominal stems ending in /a/, /i/ and /u/, and to certain case forms. The coalescences a+e>e and a+o>o produce phonemically overlong final vowels /ē̄/ and /ō̄/ which figure in the explanation of the final phonetic shortening of e and o. In some instances falling diphthongs are created. There is umlaut of stem final /a/ in certain cases. There is also a high-to-high diphthong /u̯i/, written uī or vī, created when a suffix /-i/ is attached to stem final short /u/.
Religious Social Enterprises
Authors: Zhang Wenxue
Published: November 2015

Beijing Tianyi Nursing Home is a private non-profit nursing organization invested and sponsored by Catholic Patriotic Association with the ideal of rehabilitating the seniors. Tianyi Nursing Home is a typical religious social enterprise characterized by its background of Catholic faith, its purpose of social welfare, and its pursuit of sustainable development and balance of payments. Through field observations and in-depth interviews, the author studies the case of Tianyi Nursing Home, explores its different stages of historical development, reviews its successful experiences, strengths and deficits, and thus develops some knowledge about the growth process, operational mode and rules of religious social enterprises, and provides a reference for theoretical study and actual operation of religious social enterprises in mainland China.
Ikea Fascism: Metapedia and the Internationalization of Swedish Generic Fascism
Authors: Arnstad Henrik
Published: November 2015

Today’s European movements active within the spectrum of generic fascism have become sophisticated at internationalizing their ideology. This is illustrated in the present article through a study of the Swedish pan-European web encyclopaedia Metapedia, a fascist equivalent of the mainstream Wikipedia, working in the fields of metapolitics and gramscisme de Droite. The article argues that contemporary internationalization goes hand-in-hand with the historical traditions of Swedish fascism since the 1940s and 1950s, and indeed can be interpreted as a part of Swedish national identity. As such, the idea of Metapedia as ‘Ikea Fascism’ is not as far-fetched as it would seem, since there is a link between the founder of the multinational Swedish furniture company and the internationalization of Swedish fascism.
A new species of Reichardia (Asteraceae, Cichorieae) from Albania and re-evaluation of R. macrophylla
Authors: Conti Fabio , NIKETIĆ MARJAN , VUKOJIČIĆ SNEŽANA , SILJAK-YAKOVLEV SONJA , BARINA ZOLTÁN , LAKUŠIĆ DMITAR
Published: November 2015

Reichardia albanica, a new species from Mount Çika (Albanian: Mali i Çikës) in southern Albania, is described and illustrated. Its relationship with the closest taxa is also discussed and a key for the identification of species in Balkan Peninsula and Turkey is provided. In addition R. macrophylla, a neglected and synonymized Balkan endemic species, has been re-evaluated. The name Picridium macrophyllum has been lectotypified.
The potential of type species to destabilise the taxonomy of zooxanthellate Scleractinia
Authors: VERON J.E.N.
Published: November 2015

The ongoing demise of zooxanthellate Scleractinia from world-wide environmental deterioration has prompted a very large number of people including aquarists, managers, students, conservationists and scientists to work on reef corals. These people have a right to expect their various endeavors to be based on a nomenclature derived from taxonomic studies rather than human-created rules. Clearly there must be an amalgamation of the two; however a decade-long construction of a website on zooxanthellate Scleractinia has revealed that 15% of all genera, most with a history extending back to the 18th century and involving over 100 species, are vulnerable to name changes that are readily avoidable.
The mental health of fire-fighters: An examination of the impact of repeated trauma exposure
Authors: Harvey Samuel B , Milligan-Saville Josie S , Paterson Helen M , Harkness Emily L , Marsh Annabel M , Dobson Mark , Kemp Richard , Bryant Richard A
Published: November 2015

Objective:

Emergency workers, such as fire-fighters, are routinely exposed to potentially traumatic events. While a number of studies have examined the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder, the role of multiple traumas on other mental health sequelae, such as depression and alcohol misuse, among emergency workers remains unclear. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and alcohol misuse in a sample of current and retired fire-fighters and examine their relationship with cumulative trauma exposure.

Method:

A cross-sectional survey was completed by current ( n = 488) and retired ( n = 265) fire-fighters from Fire and Rescue New South Wales, Australia. Demographic and occupational information was collected, including the number of fatal incidents fire-fighters reported attending across years of service. Validated, self-report measures were used to determine probable caseness for post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and heavy drinking.

Results:

Among current fire-fighters, rates of post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were 8% and 5%, respectively, while 4% reported consumption of more than 42 alcoholic drinks per week. Retired fire-fighters reported significantly greater levels of symptomatology, with the prevalence estimates of post-traumatic stress disorder at 18% ( p = 0.001), depression at 18% ( p < 0.001) and heavy drinking at 7%. There was a significant positive linear relationship between the number of fatal incidents attended and rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and heavy drinking.

Conclusion:

Fire-fighters suffer from high rates of mental disorders, with rates of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and heavy drinking continuing to rise in a linear manner with each additional trauma exposure. The level of psychiatric morbidity among retired fire-fighters appears to be particularly high. Our findings have important implications for the ongoing debates surrounding the detection of mental disorders in high-risk occupations and for policy considerations around the welfare of current and retired emergency workers.
When and Why Threats Go Undetected
Authors: Meuter Renata F. I. , Lacherez Philippe F.
Published: November 2015

Objective:

We aimed to assess the impact of task demands and individual characteristics on threat detection in baggage screeners.

Background:

Airport security staff work under time constraints to ensure optimal threat detection. Understanding the impact of individual characteristics and task demands on performance is vital to ensure accurate threat detection.

Method:

We examined threat detection in baggage screeners as a function of event rate (i.e., number of bags per minute) and time on task across 4 months. We measured performance in terms of the accuracy of detection of Fictitious Threat Items (FTIs) randomly superimposed on X-ray images of real passenger bags.

Results:

Analyses of the percentage of correct FTI identifications (hits) show that longer shifts with high baggage throughput result in worse threat detection. Importantly, these significant performance decrements emerge within the first 10 min of these busy screening shifts only.

Conclusion:

Longer shift lengths, especially when combined with high baggage throughput, increase the likelihood that threats go undetected.

Application:

Shorter shift rotations, although perhaps difficult to implement during busy screening periods, would ensure more consistently high vigilance in baggage screeners and, therefore, optimal threat detection and passenger safety.
Chinese collective foster care model: Description and evaluation
Authors: Wang Wen-Chi , McCall Robert B , Li Junlei , Groark Christina J , Zeng Fanlin , Hu Xiaolin
Published: November 2015

Family environments are known to usually be better for children’s development than institutional care. China has experience with different forms of foster care, but none have been empirically evaluated, especially with respect to children’s outcomes. One form of foster care is ‘collective fostering’, in which many foster families live in a single apartment building on the grounds of the institution. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of such a project operated by a children’s institution in a large city in China by examining changes in children’s height and weight from before to after entering foster care. Results ( n = 102, mean age  = 63 months) showed a significant positive quadratic relationship between time and height ( p = .002), with height z-scores declining during institutional residency and then increasing after entering foster care. Further analysis on children ( n = 23) who were enrolled in the fostering project for more than 65 months showed that their height and weight z-scores improved significantly while living in foster families compared to the last assessment before the transition. The study concluded that the collective foster care project, like the more widely practiced community foster care, had the potential for improving children’s development.
Elderly volunteering and psychological well-being
Authors: Ho Hua-Chin
Published: November 2015

This study was designed to construct a model based on the concept of psychological well-being, in order to verify the relationship between Taiwanese elderly volunteering and their psychological well-being. Research data were collected via a questionnaire administered to the target population of this study, senior residents of Pingtung County aged 65 or more. The data were then tested and verified by confirmative factor analysis and structural equation modeling. The overall model showed higher levels of psychological well-being for the elderly who participated in volunteer work than those who did not, which again confirmed the positive relation between volunteer work and psychological well-being.
Comparison of perceived employment barriers among low-income jobseekers in the United States and South Korea
Authors: Hong Philip Young P , Song In Han , Choi Sangmi , Park Jang Ho
Published: November 2015

The Perceived Employment Barrier Scale (PEBS) has been validated as a tool to assess low-income individuals’ level of employment barriers in the United States. Using samples from workforce development programs in the United States and South Korea, this study aims to examine the comparability of this measure and to compare score differences on the five factors of PEBS between the two samples. Evidence for cross-sample equivalence was found, indicating cross-national comparability. Furthermore, the South Korean sample perceived significantly higher on human capital barriers compared to the United States. Implications for workforce development practice and research in the United States and South Korea are discussed.
Micromechanical damage analysis in laminated composites with randomly distributed fibers
Authors: Parambil Nithin K , Gururaja Suhasini
Published: November 2015

Damage mechanisms in uni-directional fiber-reinforced plastics have been studied at the micro-scale by developing three-dimensional-repeating unit cells with randomly distributed fibers. Three damage mechanisms have been considered, viz., matrix damage, fiber failure and fiber-matrix interface debonding. The development of these damage modes and their effect on the overall stress–strain response of the micro-structure due to varying fiber volume fractions, loading conditions (longitudinal, transverse and combined transverse tension and shear), spatial distribution of fibers and fiber strength distributions (deterministic and Weibull) are of interest. A numerical framework has been developed that allows for conducting such studies for the chosen parameters. Microscopic images of real micro-structure of uni-directional fiber-reinforced plastics have been used to develop the random micro-structure for the three-dimensional-repeating unit cell. In the longitudinal loading scenario, fibers with Weibull strength distribution are closer to reality. While the three-dimensional-repeating unit cell under longitudinal loading fails in predominantly fiber failure mode, debonding and matrix damage play a major role in determining the average response of the micro-structure under transverse and combined transverse and shear loading.
Regenerative Medicine for Periodontal and Peri-implant Diseases
Authors: Larsson L. , Decker A.M. , Nibali L. , Pilipchuk S.P. , Berglundh T. , Giannobile W.V.
Published: November 2015

The balance between bone resorption and bone formation is vital for maintenance and regeneration of alveolar bone and supporting structures around teeth and dental implants. Tissue regeneration in the oral cavity is regulated by multiple cell types, signaling mechanisms, and matrix interactions. A goal for periodontal tissue engineering/regenerative medicine is to restore oral soft and hard tissues through cell, scaffold, and/or signaling approaches to functional and aesthetic oral tissues. Bony defects in the oral cavity can vary significantly, ranging from smaller intrabony lesions resulting from periodontal or peri-implant diseases to large osseous defects that extend through the jaws as a result of trauma, tumor resection, or congenital defects. The disparity in size and location of these alveolar defects is compounded further by patient-specific and environmental factors that contribute to the challenges in periodontal regeneration, peri-implant tissue regeneration, and alveolar ridge reconstruction. Efforts have been made over the last few decades to produce reliable and predictable methods to stimulate bone regeneration in alveolar bone defects. Tissue engineering/regenerative medicine provide new avenues to enhance tissue regeneration by introducing bioactive models or constructing patient-specific substitutes. This review presents an overview of therapies (e.g., protein, gene, and cell based) and biomaterials (e.g., resorbable, nonresorbable, and 3-dimensionally printed) used for alveolar bone engineering around teeth and implants and for implant site development, with emphasis on most recent findings and future directions.
In-patient hospital mortality patterns by day of the week: an analysis of admissions to a regional renal unit
Authors: Haddock Rosemary , Deighan Christopher , Thomson Peter C
Published: November 2015

Background and aims

Higher mortality rates have been reported for patients admitted at a weekend compared to a weekday. Our aim was to assess in-patient mortality patterns by day of the week, in a tertiary renal unit.

Method and results

Mortality related to day of admission and day of death was analysed over a two-year period at Glasgow Western Infirmary renal unit. Typical caseload was also assessed over two random four-week periods. As a proportion of admissions, 30-day mortality was 46/540 (8.5%) on a weekend day compared with a weekday 107/2013 (5.3%) (RR1.60, p = 0.005). Thirty-day mortality rate was 46/208 = 0.22 deaths/weekend day of admission compared with 107/523 = 0.20 deaths/weekday of admission (incident rate ratio = 1.08, p = 0.67). There was no significant increased risk of death on a weekend day compared to a weekday (RR1.23, p = 0.23). A higher proportion of weekend admissions were from other hospitals. Acute kidney injury and haemodialysis patients formed a higher percentage of admissions.

Conclusion

Admission day mortality expressed as a death rate/day does not differ between weekend/weekday admissions. Admission day mortality expressed as a proportion of total admissions was significantly higher at weekends. This suggests admission case-mix/workload differs at weekends with fewer ‘well’ patients admitted. In-patient mortality patterns are complex and any conclusions made should take into account case mix and workload.
Predicting Procedural Justice in Police–Citizen Encounters
Authors: Mastrofski Stephen D. , Jonathan-Zamir Tal , Moyal Shomron , Willis James J.
Published: November 2015

Police exercise great discretion in their dealings with the public, but most research on police discretion focuses on coercive decisions. Despite the demonstrated importance of procedural justice (PJ) for police legitimacy and overall satisfaction, the predictors of police-provided PJ in police–citizen encounters have rarely been examined. We propose a framework for assessing the choice of police officers to engage in PJ and test it using data collected in direct observations of police interactions with the public. We find significant effects for the moral “worthiness” of the citizen as reflected in his or her role in the situation; for situational challenges of engaging in PJ, including large audience and officer mental/emotional fatigue; and for popular scripts for handling traffic-related encounters and serving in a backup role. We interpret and discuss the implications of our findings and suggest avenues for advancing understanding of the factors underlying procedurally just police treatment.
Specific linguistic profiles in a Creole-speaking area: Children’s speech on Reunion Island
Authors: Lebon-Eyquem Mylène
Published: November 2015

Linguists use the concept of diglossia to describe any sociolinguistic situation where a low-prestige dialect coexists with a high-prestige one and these dialects are used in different social spheres. Recent observations on Reunion Island have challenged this view because people mix French and Creole extensively in the same utterance and even in the same word. Prudent accounted for the flexibility of these intermediate linguistic forms through the concept of interlect. Children are exposed at an early age to such intermediate mixed forms and in an earlier study the author suggested five language profiles for young children’s use of mixing. The current study surveyed 110 five-year-old children on Reunion Island to further validate these profiles. The data analysis focuses on one variable, verb forms, which allow the identification of three production types: French, Creole and interlectal forms. Based on these data a language profile for each participant was identified. The children varied in their use of Creole and French, with the largest group of children being Creole ‘asymmetric’, whereby their speech was dominated by Creole but also included a significant amount of French. The majority of children aged 5 speak little or minimal French.
Subglottic Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Marchiano Emily , Patel Dhruv M. , Patel Tapan D. , Patel Amit A. , Xue Yuhan E. , Eloy Jean Anderson , Baredes Soly , Park Richard Chan W.
Published: November 2015

Objective

Subglottic squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa) is a rare malignancy representing <5% of all laryngeal cancers. Patients often present with late‐stage disease, and survival outcomes are reportedly worse than those for SCCa in other regions of the larynx.

Study Design

Analysis of a population‐based tumor registry.

Setting

Academic medical center.

Subjects and Methods

The US National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database was queried for cases of subglottic SCCa from 1973 to 2011 (889 cases). Resulting data were analyzed, including patient demographics, therapeutic measures, and survival outcomes.

Results

Subglottic SCCa most frequently occurred in the fifth to seventh decade of life, with a mean age at diagnosis of 65.7 ± 11.3 years. There was a strong male predilection, with a male:female ratio of 3.83:1. Most patients were stage III and IV (64.4%) per the American Joint Committee on Cancer. The most common treatment modality was a combination of radiotherapy and surgery (38.8%), followed by radiotherapy alone (33.9%), and surgery alone (17.0%). Overall 5‐year disease‐specific survival rate was 53.7%. When stratified by treatment modality, 5‐year disease‐specific survival was 62.4% for surgery alone, 56.7% for radiotherapy alone, and 55.1% for surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy (P =. 3892).

Conclusion

This study represents the largest cohort of subglottic SCCa. It shows a strong predilection for men in the US population. Surgery with adjuvant radiotherapy was the most commonly employed treatment modality. No statistically significant differences were observed in 5‐year DSS by treatment modality.
The demonized other
Authors: Mills Helen
Published: November 2015

Child sexual abuse and various state institutions’ failures to prevent such abuse have been subject to heightened public interest in recent times. If the ensuing calls for a comprehensive reassessment of our ability to best protect children are to be met, this process of critical scrutiny should include asking uncomfortable questions about the response that convicted sexual offenders receive in the community. This is a matter in which the probation services are well placed to make a contribution.
The role of culture in explaining college students’ selection into hookups, dates, and long-term romantic relationships
Authors: Kuperberg Arielle , Padgett Joseph E.
Published: November 2015

We analyze the Online College Social Life Survey, a survey collected between 2005 and 2011 of students ( N = 22,454) at 22 U.S. colleges and universities and estimate whether students hooked up, dated, formed long-term romantic relationships, or did not form relationships while in college and their desire for these relationship opportunities. Students have equal rates of hooking up and dating. Men are more likely than women to have dated and hooked up and less likely to have formed a long-term relationship, although they are more likely to wish there were more opportunities to form long-term relationships. An examination of intimate partnering by sexual orientation, race, religious attendance, and Greek culture reveals distinct pattern that can be explained by cultural norms.
Characterizing street hierarchies through network analysis and large-scale taxi traffic flow: a case study of Wuhan, China
Authors: Huang Liang , Zhu Xinyan , Ye Xinyue , Guo Wei , Wang Jiye
Published: November 2015

Hierarchy is an important property of a street network, which suggests that only a small number of streets are prominent. A previous empirical study of a European city has identified four levels of scale in a street network, namely the top 1%, top 20%, bottom 80%, and bottom 20%. This paper investigates such street hierarchies in a large Asian city, Wuhan, with a complicated network of streets. Based on network analysis, we find that street hierarchies in this case study are slightly different so that the fourth scale is adjusted from the initial 20 to 25%. The detected street hierarchies are further compared to the intensity of large-scale traffic flows at different time scales. We find that distributions of both daily and hourly traffic conform well to the street hierarchies. More specifically, the 20% of top streets accommodate about 98% of traffic flow, and the 1% of top streets account for more than 60% of traffic flow. Moreover, this finding indicates that the current street network of Wuhan needs to be improved because the top 20% of streets are rather overburdened leading to traffic congestion. Our study not only provides new quantitative evidence as to the emergence of street hierarchies but also highlights the possible traffic congestion.
The scientific evidence of arterial line filtration in cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Johagen Daniel , Svenmarker Staffan
Published: November 2015

Background:

The indication for arterial line filtration (ALF) is to inhibit embolisation during cardiopulmonary bypass. Filtration methods have developed from depth filters to screen filters and from a stand-alone component to an integral part of the oxygenator. For many years, ALF has been a standard adopted by a majority of cardiac centres worldwide. The following review aims to summarize the available evidence in support for ALF and report on its current practice in Europe.

Method:

The principles and application of ALF in Europe was investigated using a survey conducted in 2014. The scientific evidence for ALF was examined by performing a systematic literature search in six different databases, using the following search terms: “Cardiopulmonary bypass AND filters AND arterial”. The primary endpoint was protection against cerebral injury verified by the degree of cerebral embolisation or cognitive tests. The secondary endpoint was improvement of the clinical outcome verified elsewise. Only randomised clinical trials were considered.

Results:

The response rate was 31% (n=112). The great majority (88.5%) of respondents were using ALF, following more than 10 years of experience. Integrated arterial filtration was used by 55%. Of respondents not using ALF, fifty-four percent considered starting using integrated arterial filtration. The systematic literature database search returned 180 unique publications where 82 were specifically addressing ALF in cardiopulmonary bypass. Only four out of the 82 identified publications fulfilled our inclusion criteria. Of these, three were more than 20 years old and based on the use of bubble oxygenation.

Conclusion:

ALF is a standard implemented in a majority of cardiopulmonary bypass procedures in Europe. The level of scientific evidence available in support of current arterial line filtration methods in cardiopulmonary bypass is, however, poor. Large, well-designed, randomised trials are warranted.
Perceptions of health professionals on subcutaneous hydration in palliative care: A qualitative study
Authors: Cabañero-Martínez María José , Velasco-Álvarez María Luisa , Ramos-Pichardo Juan Diego , Ruiz Miralles María Luisa , Priego Valladares Manuel , Cabrero-García Julio
Published: November 2015

Background:

Evidence indicates that hypodermoclysis is as safe and effective as intravenous rehydration in the treatment of the symptomatology produced by mild to moderate dehydration in patients for whom oral route administration is not possible. However, the knowledge about the use of the subcutaneous hydration and its correlates is still limited.

Aim:

To explore the perceptions, attitudes and opinions of health professionals in palliative care on the administration of subcutaneous hydration.

Design:

This is a qualitative focus group study with health professionals of palliative care. Four focus groups were carried out until data saturation. A qualitative content analysis was performed.

Setting/participants:

A total of 37 participants, physicians and nurses, were recruited from different services of palliative care in Spain.

Results:

In all, 856 meaning units were identified, from which 56 categories were extracted and grouped into 22 sub-themes, which were distributed among four themes: ‘factors which influence the hydration decision’, ‘factors related to the choice of the subcutaneous route for hydration’, ‘the subcutaneous hydration procedure’ and ‘performance guidelines and/or protocols’.

Conclusions:

Variables which most often influence the use of subcutaneous route to hydration are those that are linked to the characteristics of the patient, the team and the family, and other like the context and professionals’ subjective perceptions about this medical practice.
When the LORD Seeks to Kill Moses: Reading Exodus 4.24–26 in its Literary Context
Authors: Pettit David
Published: November 2015

Exodus 4.24–26 is laconic, ambiguous, and saturated with interpretive challenges. Scholars have typically focused on issues such as what practices or rituals might be behind the text in order to explain Zipporah's actions, as well as on the presumed guilt that elicits the attack, and on explaining how her actions avert the attack. This article focuses instead on its literary place and role by attending to the literary connections both in the immediate context, in the larger context of Exodus 1–14, and in the wider canonical context. This study shows that this passage, with and through its ambiguities, serves the larger rhetorical aim of Exodus 1–14 as God is in a contest with Pharaoh for sovereignty over Israel and over Moses, and as Moses’ identity is being defined as God's chosen deliverer. This literary reading is confirmed through the close connections observed with Genesis 22 and 32 and Numbers 22.
Fire and the Body of Yahweh
Authors: Grant Deena E.
Published: November 2015

Although the Hebrew Bible preserves a strong tradition of aniconism, many verses speak of or imply Yahweh's anthropoid form. For example, throughout the Bible Yahweh's theophanic fire is associated with anthropomorphic representations of him possessing a body and/or interacting physically with humans. Israel's old poetry and prophetic literature portray divine fire as Yahweh's breath, mouth, and tongue. The Bible's narrative texts portray Yahweh using fire as a means to eat, transport, travel, speak, and see, similar to how humans use their mouths, arms, legs, and eyes. Therefore, while Yahweh's fire does not constitute the entirety of his self, like the human body, it is a means by which he interacts physically with the corporeal world.
A Blinded, Cluster-Randomized, Placebo-Controlled School FeedingTrial in Burundi Using Rice Fortified With Iron, Zinc, Thiamine, and Folic Acid
Authors: Parker Megan E. , Mosites Emily , Reider Kathryn , Ndayishimiye Nicolas , Waring Melody , Nyandimbane Gloriose , Masumbuko Dominique , Ndikuriyo Leonidas , Matthias Dipika
Published: November 2015

Background:

Iron-deficiency anemia is a major public health problem among school-aged children in sub-Saharan Africa.

Objective:

To evaluate the effectiveness of micronutrient-fortified rice to increase hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and reduce the prevalence of anemia among schoolchildren.

Methods:

Nine hundred four schoolchildren participated in this cluster-randomized trial during a 7-month intervention period. The study was conducted in 12 primary schools in rural Burundi. Hemoglobin, socioeconomic status, febrile illness, and dietary diversity were measured at baseline and follow-up. The changes in Hb concentration and anemia status were analyzed using linear and logistic mixed models, respectively. The micronutrient formulation contained an iron-to-zinc molar ratio of approximately 2.2.

Results:

There was no significant difference in Hb concentration between the intervention and control groups (β = .09 g/dL; 95% confidence interval: −0.21 to 0.38) following the 7-month intervention. Nearly half the children reported having a fever within 2 weeks prior to baseline or follow-up. Children with febrile illness preceding follow-up were less than half as likely to show improvement in anemia status (odds ratio = 0.47, P < .001), with an average 0.56 g/dL smaller improvement in Hb at follow-up ( P < .001).

Conclusion:

The high prevalence of fever and low iron-to-zinc molar ratio of the Ultra Rice formulation may have contributed to the lack of improvement in Hb. Alternatively, the detected anemia may not have been due to nutrient deficiencies. Anemia interventions in Burundi should implement multiple strategies to eliminate both iron deficiency and infectious causes of anemia.
Group Analysis and the Different Approaches: The Portuguese Contribution. A Tribute to E.L. Cortesão
Authors: Ferreira Guilherme
Published: November 2015

The development of psychoanalysis itself and, in particular, the publication of the so called Freud’s anthropological works led to the appearance and growth of group psychotherapy, namely, of their psychoanalytic approaches. Their general characteristics are described and some of their particular aspects (Slavson, Wolf and Schwartz, Ezriel, Bion) referred. The importance of the contributions of Ego psychology, ORT and self-psychology in this evolution are particularly stressed. The use of philosophical (existential) models, though complemented by psychoanalytical and behavioural contributions (Yalom) are also referred.

The point of view and basic conceptions of group analysis, the most diffused of analytical group psychotherapies in Europe, are particularly described and, in their context, the points of view of Trigant Burrow, Foulkes and Cortesão compared.

Cortesão’s points of view are particularly developed and, among them, the conceptions of group-analytic process (developed in analogy with Bibring similar point of view established in the psychoanalytic setting), group-analytic pattern and matrix, changing levels of experience and interpretation, specific aspects of group-analytical transference, commutative interpretation, aesthetic balance and its importance in the group analytic process. The working through of the group transference neurosis becomes a nuclear step in this approach.

Finally, Foulkes’ and Cortesão’s approaches in group-analysis are compared and the similarities between them underlined, in spite of some apparent contradictions.
Quantitative characterization of interface delamination in composite T-joint using couplant-free Lamb wave methods
Authors: Padiyar M Janardhan , Balasubramaniam Krishnan
Published: November 2015

Research in quick Non-Destructive Evaluation methods for field maintenance of aircraft has become a focus of attention due to increase in the use of co-cured skin-stiffened composite structures. When Lamb wave propagates over skin-stiffened structure, the occurrence of multiple modes is unavoidable due to structural features such as stringers and stiffeners, which in turn makes the interpretation of the received wave difficult and limits the defect-detection ability of Lamb waves. Using Finite Element simulations, the propagation of incident S0 Lamb mode in a typical composite T-joint with delamination between the flange and skin (interface) is investigated. Arrival time delays of the out-of-plane mode-converted wave packets are found to be promising indicator for quantitative detection and sizing of the delamination. A novel experimental technique of combining a liquid couplant-free transduction scheme using dry-coupled roller transducer (contact probe) for generating S0 mode and an air-coupled transducer (non-contact probe) as a receiver is proposed. This transduction scheme helps in selectively separating mode-converted wave packets. This investigation also establishes quantitative B-scan imaging method for characterization of delamination in the T-joint. Experimental results show a good agreement with Finite Element predictions.
Recent advances in epoxy resin, natural fiber-reinforced epoxy composites and their applications
Authors: Saba Naheed , Jawaid Mohammad , Alothman Othman Y , Paridah MT , Hassan Azman
Published: November 2015

The versatile characteristic of epoxy and its diversity made it suitable for different industrial applications such as laminated circuit board, electronic component encapsulations, surface coatings, potting, fiber reinforcement, and adhesives. However, the pervasive applications in many high-performance field limited the epoxy use because of their delamination, low impact resistance, inherent brittleness, and fracture toughness behavior. The limitations of epoxy can be overcome by incorporation and modification before their industrial applications. Currently, modified epoxy resins are extensively used in fabrication of natural fiber-reinforced composites and in making its different industrial products because of their superior mechanical, thermal, and electrical properties. Present review article designed to be a comprehensive source of recent literature on epoxy structure, synthesis, modified epoxy, bio-epoxy resin, and its applications. This review article also aims to cover the recent advances in natural fiber-based epoxy composites and nanocomposites research study, including manufacturing techniques and their different industrial applications.
How ethnic structure affects civil conflict: A model of endogenous grievance
Authors: Kustov Alexander
Published: November 2015

Does ethnic structure affect the occurrence of civil conflict and, if so, how? This study develops an agent-based model of endogenous grievances that builds on the new constructivist conceptualization of ethnicity and the theories of group inequality and crosscuttingness. Specifically, I simulate conflict as a function of spontaneous economic disparities between nominal “ethnic groups” with no predefined salient categories and related antagonism. Then I apply the model to reconsider the effect of (bidimensional) ethnic structure on conflict, which has been largely dismissed in recent scholarship. By varying the parameters of ethnic demography in artificial societies, I conduct a series of replicable experiments revealing that various structural settings yield systematically different patterns of conflict. While there is no “most hazardous” structure per se, both polarization and crosscuttingness appear to decrease the likelihood of violence but increase its potential deadliness, which indicates a more general tradeoff of conflict incidence and intensity.
Intimate Partner Violence and Animal Abuse in an Immigrant-Rich Sample of Mother–Child Dyads Recruited From Domestic Violence Programs
Authors: Hartman Christie A. , Hageman Tina , Williams James Herbert , Ascione Frank R.
Published: November 2015

We examined rates of animal abuse in pet-owning families experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV). We also examined whether higher levels of IPV (as measured by subscales from the Conflict Tactics Scales) predicted increased risk for partner-perpetrated animal abuse. Our sample included 291 mother–child dyads, where the mothers sought services from domestic violence agencies. Nearly half the sample is comprised of Mexican immigrants. Mothers reported that 11.7% of partners threatened to harm a pet and 26.1% actually harmed a pet, the latter of which represents a lower rate than in similar studies. When examining animal abuse by “Hispanic status,” follow-up analyses revealed significant omnibus differences between groups, in that non-Hispanic U.S.-born partners (mostly White) displayed higher rates of harming pets (41%) than either U.S.-born or Mexican-born Hispanic groups (27% and 12.5%, respectively). Differences in rates for only threatening (but not harming) pets were not significant, possibly due to a small number of partners ( n = 32) in this group. When examining whether partners’ IPV predicted only threatening to harm pets, no IPV subscale variables (Physical Assault, Psychological Aggression, Injury, or Sexual Coercion) were significant after controlling for income, education, and Hispanic status. When examining actual harm to pets, more Psychological Aggression and less Physical Assault significantly predicted slightly higher risk of harm. However, Mexican-born partners had nearly 4 times lower risk of harming a pet. Overall, these results suggest that Hispanic men who are perpetrators of IPV are less likely to harm pets than non-Hispanic perpetrators of IPV, particularly if Mexican-born. Considering that the United States has a significant proportion of Mexican immigrants, it may be worthwhile to explore the topics of IPV and animal abuse within this group.