bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Review on Recent Progress in the Integrated Green Hydrogen Production Processes
Authors: Fallah Vostakola Mohsen , Salamatinia Babak , Amini Horri Bahman
Published: February 2022

The thermochemical water-splitting method is a promising technology for efficiently converting renewable thermal energy sources into green hydrogen. This technique is primarily based on recirculating an active material, capable of experiencing multiple reduction-oxidation (redox) steps through an integrated cycle to convert water into separate streams of hydrogen and oxygen. The thermochemical cycles are divided into two main categories according to their operating temperatures, namely low-temperature cycles (<1100 °C) and high-temperature cycles (<1100 °C). The copper chlorine cycle offers relatively higher efficiency and lower costs for hydrogen production among the low-temperature processes. In contrast, the zinc oxide and ferrite cycles show great potential for developing large-scale high-temperature cycles. Although, several challenges, such as energy storage capacity, durability, cost-effectiveness, etc., should be addressed before scaling up these technologies into commercial plants for hydrogen production. This review critically examines various aspects of the most promising thermochemical water-splitting cycles, with a particular focus on their capabilities to produce green hydrogen with high performance, redox pairs stability, and the technology maturity and readiness for commercial use.
Tree-to-Shrub Shift Benefits the Survival of Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb. at the Xeric Timberline
Authors: Dai Jingyu , Lu Surui , Qi Yang , Liu Hongyan
Published: February 2022

Woody species are either trees or shrubs, with the exception of approximately 9.2% “trub” species exhibiting both tree and shrub growth forms. Little is known thus far about the ecological importance of plant growth-form plasticity under a drying climate. Quercus mongolica Fisch. ex Ledeb., a dominant tree species of temperate forests in East Asia, typically shows tree-to-shrub growth-form shifts at the xeric timberline and is suitable to test whether growth-form plasticity can physiologically benefit plant drought acclimation. We quantified the tree architecture, drought stress, physiological drought tolerance, and nonstructural carbohydrates of Q. mongolica trees and shrubs on the opposite slope of the same mountain at the xeric timberline in July 2018. Compared with Q. mongolica trees on shady slopes, the shrubs on sunny slopes had less available water to use and were more severely threatened by drought. Moreover, the shrubs had stronger tolerance to drought but still tended to have less nonstructural carbohydrate accumulation. The tree-to-shrub shift effectively benefits the survival of Q. mongolica under a dry climate and may strongly contribute to forest dynamics and even fire regimes under climate drying, especially for sensitive ecosystems such as the xeric timberline, which will be vulnerable under future climate change scenarios.
Driving Mechanism of Habitat Quality at Different Grid-Scales in a Metropolitan City
Authors: Hu Yongge , Xu Enkai , Dong Nalin , Tian Guohang , Kim Gunwoo , Song Peihao , Ge Shidong , Liu Shidong
Published: February 2022

Urban ecosystem dysfunction, habitat fragmentation, and biodiversity loss caused by rapid urbanization have threatened sustainable urban development. Urban habitat quality is one of the important indicators for assessing the urban ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great practical significance to carry out a study on the driving mechanism of urban habitat quality and integrate the results into urban planning. In this study, taking Zhengzhou, China, as an example, the InVEST model was used to analyze the spatial differentiation characteristics of urban habitat quality and Geodetector software was adopted to explore the driving mechanism of habitat quality at different grid-scales. The results show the following: (1) LUCC, altitude, slope, surface roughness, relief amplitude, population, nighttime light, and NDVI are the dominant factors affecting the spatial differentiation of habitat quality. Among them, the impacts of slope, surface roughness, population, nighttime light, and NDVI on habitat quality are highly sensitive to varying grid-scales. At the grid-scale of 1000 to 1250 m, the impacts of the dominant factors on habitat quality is closer to the mean level of multiple scales. (2) The impact of each factor on the spatial distribution of habitat quality is different, and the difference between most factors has always been significant regardless of the variation of grid-scales. The superimposed impact of two factors on the spatial distribution of habitat quality is greater than the impact of the single factor. (3) Combined with the research results and the local conditions of Zhengzhou, we put forward some directions of habitat protection around adjusting urban land use structure, applying nature-based solutions and establishing a systematic thinking model for multi-level urban habitat sustainability.
Make Forests Better Play Their Role in Mitigating Climate Change
Authors: Wang Yifu , Yue Tianxiang
Published: February 2022

Climate change caused by industrial carbon emissions and land use/land cover changes is a widely concerning issue around the world and is closely related to the global carbon cycle [...]
Stand Biomass at Treeline Ecotone in Russian Subarctic Mountains Is Primarily Related to Species Composition but Its Dynamics Driven by Improvement of Climatic Conditions
Authors: Moiseev Pavel A. , Hagedorn Frank , Balakin Dmitry S. , Bubnov Maxim O. , Devi Nadezhda M. , Kukarskih Vladimir V. , Mazepa Valery S. , Viyukhin Sergey O. , Viyukhina Arina A. , Grigoriev Andrey A.
Published: February 2022

Climate change effects are strongest in forest ecosystems at the limit of their distributions. Despite the evidence that treelines have shifted upwards by hundreds of meters, knowledge of the associated changes in the stand biomass is limited. In this study, stand biomass and changes to it during the last centuries were estimated along 20 altitudinal transects reaching from the historical (located in the 1950s–1960s) closed forest line up to the current treelines on mountain slopes of three subarctic regions of Russia (Kola Peninsula, Polar Urals, and Putorana Plateau) along a 2200 km long longitudinal gradient. The estimates were based on allometric measurements of 139 trees of five species (Betula pubescens Ehrh. ssp. tortuosa, Pinus sylvestris L., Picea abies Ledeb. ssp. obovata, Larix sibirica Ledeb., and Larix gmelinii Rupr.), stand structure assessments, and the demographic patterns of 9300 trees. During the 20th century, the growth and establishment of trees at the forest–mountain tundra transition (340–500 m width) increased exponentially. Since 1910 forest expansion and densification led to an accumulation of 621–748 tons of aboveground stand biomass per km of treeline length. The accumulation was two times higher below than above the contemporary closed forest line. Data analysis of weather stations showed that the 20th century’s climate had changed in a similar manner in the three study regions, namely vegetation periods became longer (8–10 days) and warmer (0.6–0.9 °C) and more snow fell in the cold period (+10–30%). Our results indicate that regional patterns in stand biomass at the treeline ecotone are primarily related to tree species composition as determined by macroclimatic conditions (e.g., continentality, sunshine hours), snowpack depth, and growing season duration. However, the stand biomass accumulation was driven by increases of early summer temperatures and early winter precipitation during the last century.
Effects of Thinning Intensity on Forest Floor and Soil Biochemical Properties in an Aleppo Pine Plantation after 13 Years: Quantity but Also Quality Matters
Authors: Molina Antonio J. , Bautista Inmaculada , Lull Cristina , del Campo Antonio , González-Sanchis María , Lidón Antonio
Published: February 2022

In order to quantify the impacts of silvicultural treatments in semiarid forests, it is necessary to know how they affect key aboveground processes and also properties characterizing the forest floor and mineral soil compartments. The general objective of this work is to study the mid-term effects of thinning intensity on forest floor and soil properties after 13 years following the intervention. The experimental design consisted of a randomized block design with four thinning treatments (3 thinning intensity plots plus a control or unmanaged plot) and three blocks or replicates. Several determinations, such as total organic carbon, dissolved organic carbon, or basal respiration, were performed for characterizing forest floor and mineral soil by considering three random sampling points per experimental plot. Thirteen years after thinning, total organic content, the different organic carbon fractions studied, and basal respiration were higher in the forest floor of the unmanaged plot. These results, however, were contrasted to those obtained for the mineral soil, where significant differences between the treatments were only observed in basal respiration and C/N ratio, while the different organic carbon fractions were not affected by thinning intensity. Our results suggest better soil quality where biological activity is enhanced as a consequence of improved environmental conditions and also litterfall input. The latter is especially important in forests with tree leaves of low biodegradability, where new understorey species promoted by thinning can provide higher nutrient availability for the remaining trees and, therefore, better forest resilience.
Identification of Olfactory Genes in Monochamus saltuarius and Effects of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus Infestation on Their Expression
Authors: Zhang Sufang , Wang Xizhuo , Zhang Yanlong , Zheng Yanan , Fan Zhizhi , Zhang Rong
Published: February 2022

The pine wood nematode (PWN) Bursaphelenchus xylophilus has caused disastrous losses of pine forests in many countries, and the success of PWN depends strongly on interactions with its insect vectors. Monochamus saltuarius is a newly recorded vector in Northeast China. Feeding (i.e., immature) and egg-laying (i.e., mature) Monochamus spp. target different host plants, and olfactory cues play important roles regarding host choice. Whether infestation with PWN affects olfactory mechanisms in M. saltuarius related to feeding and oviposition is of interest as this may affect the spread of nematodes to new healthy hosts. However, little is known about molecular mechanisms of the olfactory system of M. saltuarius. We identified chemosensory-related genes in adult M. saltuarius and examined the influence of B. xylophilus on the respective expression patterns. Fifty-three odorant-binding proteins (OBPs), 15 chemosensory proteins, 15 olfactory receptors (ORs), 10 gustatory receptors, 22 ionotropic receptors (IRs), and two sensory neuron membrane proteins were identified, and sex bias among non-infested beetles was mainly found with respect to expression of OBPs. Interestingly, OBPs and ORs were markedly down-regulated in male M. saltuarius infested with B. xylophilus, which may reduce olfactory sensitivity of male M. saltuarius and affect the spreading of B. xylophilus to new hosts. Our results will help understand the interactions between B. xylophilus and M. saltuarius, which may lead to the identification of new control targets in the olfactory system of M. saltuarius.
Economic Impact of Temperature Control during Food Transportation—A COVID-19 Perspective
Authors: Skawińska Eulalia , Zalewski Romuald I.
Published: February 2022

Temperature fluctuation and abuse in the food cold chain (FCC) is becoming an increasingly crucial factor in the process of food production and for the logistic business, especially in COVID-19 pandemic. The quality of perishable food products depends largely on accurate transport and maintenance temperature. The evidence for temperature-related food waste and loss is extensive. The research problem is thus: how to decrease and control food losses caused by temperature abuse in the FCC and restrictions due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The primary objective is to propose a framework for real-time temperature measurement protocols supported by passive RFID, IoT and Statistical Process Control (SPC) charts. This method allows not only the signaling of temperature abuse alerts but, in addition to hitherto methods, investigation and mitigation of the causes of process instability of individual FCC links in the future. The secondary objective is to delineate the necessary data sources and ways of their collection and utilization in order to decrease food losses and waste via process stabilization of temperature in transport and storage. As contribution to current literature and practice, we offer an in-depth analysis of threats in the FCC in food transport and storage infrastructure and a solution supplemented by SPC charts and tested in controlled experiments that is practicable from economic and technical standpoints.
An Index for Wine Acetaldehyde Reactive Potential (ARP) and Some Derived Remarks about the Accumulation of Acetaldehyde during Wine Oxidation
Authors: Marrufo-Curtido Almudena , Ferreira Vicente , Escudero Ana
Published: February 2022

The amount of acetaldehyde accumulated during wine oxidation was very small, far less than expected. The existence of polyphenols specifically reactive to acetaldehyde was postuled. In order to assess the acetaldehyde reactive potential (ARP) of wines, different reactive conditions have been studied: acetaldehyde concentration, temperature and pH. The evaluation/validation of developed ARP assay was made with 12 wines. Results have shown that high temperatures cannot be used to estimate wine ARP. In fact, at 70 °C acetaldehyde reacts strictly proportionally to wine total polyphenols. A reproducible index by letting wine at pH 2 react with 35 mgL−1 of acetaldehyde for 7 days was obtained and applied to 12 wines. Rosés did not consume any, whites consumed 8% and reds between 18 and 38% of their total acetaldehyde content. After pH correction, whites ARP can be similar to low ARP reds. Basic kinetic considerations derived from the measurement of ARP were applied to interpret observed acetaldehyde accumulation and consumption during the forced oxidation of the 12 wines. It is concluded that wine ARPs cannot explain the huge fraction of acetaldehyde presumably consumed by wine and the fraction of H2O2 produced during oxidation and not consumed by SO2 has to oxidize majorly wine components other than ethanol.
Insights into the Metabolomic Diversity of Latilactobacillus sakei
Authors: Barbieri Federica , Laghi Luca , Montanari Chiara , Lan Qiuyu , Levante Alessia , Gardini Fausto , Tabanelli Giulia
Published: February 2022

Latilactobacillus sakei (L. sakei), widely used as a starter culture in fermented sausages, is a species adapted to meat environments. Its ability to survive for a long time in such products is due to the exploitation of different metabolic pathways to gain energy (hexose and pentose sugar fermentation, amino acids catabolism, etc.). Since L. sakei demonstrates high phenotypic and metabolic strain biodiversity, in this work, a metabolomic approach was used to compare five strains of different origins. They were cultivated in a defined medium with glucose or ribose at two concentrations, and analyzed through nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) spectroscopy to monitor amino acid consumptions and accumulation of organic acids and aroma compounds. The results showed that all the strains were able to use arginine, especially when cultivated with ribose, while serine was consumed mainly in the presence of glucose. Aroma compounds (i.e., diacetyl and acetoin) were mainly accumulated in samples with ribose. These aspects are relevant for starter cultures selection, to confer specific features to fermented sausages, and to optimize the fermentations. Moreover, the use of 1H-NMR allowed the fast identification of different classes of compounds (without derivatization or extraction procedures), providing a powerful tool to increase the knowledge of the metabolic diversity of L. sakei.
Modified Predictor–Corrector Method for the Numerical Solution of a Fractional-Order SIR Model with 2019-nCoV
Authors: Gao Wei , Veeresha Pundikala , Cattani Carlo , Baishya Chandrali , Baskonus Haci Mehmet
Published: February 2022

In this paper, we analyzed and found the solution for a suitable nonlinear fractional dynamical system that describes coronavirus (2019-nCoV) using a novel computational method. A compartmental model with four compartments, namely, susceptible, infected, reported and unreported, was adopted and modified to a new model incorporating fractional operators. In particular, by using a modified predictor–corrector method, we captured the nature of the obtained solution for different arbitrary orders. We investigated the influence of the fractional operator to present and discuss some interesting properties of the novel coronavirus infection.
Isotopic and Chemical Tracing for Residence Time and Recharge Mechanisms of Groundwater under Semi-Arid Climate: Case from Rif Mountains (Northern Morocco)
Authors: Hssaisoune Mohammed , Bouchaou Lhoussaine , Qurtobi Mohamed , Marah Hamid , Beraaouz Mohamed , Stitou El Messari Jamal
Published: February 2022

Karstic aquifers play an important role for drinking and irrigation supply in Morocco. However, in some areas, a deeper understanding is needed in order to improve their sustainable management under global changes. Our study, based on chemical and isotopic investigation of 67 groundwater samples from the karst aquifer in the Rif Mountains, provides crucial information about the principal factors and processes influencing groundwater recharge and residence time. The δ18O and δ2H isotopic values indicate that the recharge is derived from meteoric water at high, intermediate, and low elevations for Lakraa Mountain, North of Lao River, and Haouz and Dersa Mountain aquifers, respectively. All samples show an isotopic signature from Atlantic Ocean except for those from the Lakraa Mountain aquifer, which shows Mediterranean Sea influence. Groundwater age determined by radiocarbon dating using the IAEA model indicates that the ages range from modern to 1460 years. This short residence time is consistent with the detectable tritium values (>2.7 TU) measured in groundwater. These values are similar to those of precipitation at the nearest GNIP stations of Gibraltar and Fez-Saiss, situated around 100 km north and 250 km south of the study area, respectively. This evidence indicates that groundwater in the Rif Mountains contains modern recharge (<60 years), testifying to significant renewability and the vulnerability of the hydrological system to climate variability and human activities. The results also indicate the efficiency of isotopic tracing in mountainous springs and would be helpful to decision makers for water in this karstic zone.
Digital Tools to Serve Geotourism and Sustainable Development at Psiloritis UNESCO Global Geopark in COVID Times and Beyond
Authors: Fassoulas Charalampos , Nikolakakis Emmanouel , Staridas Spiridon
Published: February 2022

Digital tools that aid geolocation, geointerpretation and geomodelling are increasingly used in the promotion of geoheritage and geoconservation. UNESCO Global Geoparks (UGGps) are complex regions that require a variety of approaches to advance geoconservation and public awareness, holistic heritage management and sustainable development. UGGps need more diversified and applied digital tools to address these subjects. Additional efforts are made through their commitment to achieving sustainable development goals (SDGs) in the changing and challenging world of the COVID-19 pandemic and the exacerbation of climate change. In this study, we present three new digital applications developed for the Psiloritis UGGp in Southern Greece. These digital tools were developed under the implementation of the “Enhancement Plan” of the geopark via the RURITAGE, a project that supports rural regeneration through conservation, with a focus on local heritage. Digital tools developed in the project include an interactive digital map that demonstrates all properties of local heritage, products and services, two story maps focusing on historic churches and monasteries of the Amari district and on the natural and cultural values of Nida plateau, and a business-listing map with the affiliated geopark enterprises. These digital tools combine multiple applications and methods such as Wordpress webpages, web maps, spherical panoramas, multimedia, site interpretation, geolocation and virtual reality to aid the interpretation of natural and cultural heritage, promote important sites, demonstrate overlaps between nature and human society and support local productivity. Digital tools offer online access to interested parties in any area and are also used for in situ information sites. They are user-friendly, device-adjusted and available for sharing on social media and webpages. The applicability and effectiveness of these digital tools are proven to advance geotourism and the SDGs, in line with the provisions of the “World After roadmap” of UGGps. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the “visibility” of the Psiloritis UGGp was doubled via the use of these digital tools, as they have become popular among the general public.
Ageist No More: Interprofessional Training for Undergraduate Healthcare Students
Authors: Mendez Aniela , Lopez Mildred , Rodriguez-Quintanilla Karina , Carrion Belinda
Published: February 2022

Ageism seeps deep into our society, whether in law, policies, or healthcare practices it segregates individuals based on their age. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of an educational strategy in ageist attitudes against older adults in healthcare undergraduate students. A five-week intervention: Healthy environments and self-care for the older adults was implemented. To assess the impact of this strategy in ageist attitudes in participants, a simulated consultation with an older adult was conducted. Participants’ perspectives on the experience were collected using an online survey. One hundred and thirty-eight undergraduate students from health programs were included. They highlighted growth in the understanding of the normal aging process and the prejudices that surround aging. During the role-play activity, participants identified communication, empathy, and professionalism as the abilities developed with this strategy and the need to show empathy and avoid prejudice against older adults in their clinical interactions. Educational interventions are a great tool to promote cultural changes, diminish prejudices and misconceptions of ageism in future healthcare professionals.
The Impact of COVID-19 on the Lifestyles of University Students: A Spanish Online Survey
Authors: Ruiz-Zaldibar Cayetana , García-Garcés Laura , Vicario-Merino Ángel , Mayoral-Gonzalo Noemí , Lluesma-Vidal Marta , Ruiz-López Montserrat , Pérez-Manchón David
Published: February 2022

The present study aimed to investigate the perceived changes in lifestyle behaviors among Spanish university students during COVID-19-related confinement. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted during April 2020. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were then obtained. The FANTASTIC questionnaire was used to assess the lifestyles of the 488 participants who took part in the study. Of the participants, 76.3% were female. Overall, the lifestyles of university students significantly deteriorated during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. University female students were especially affected compared to their male fellows (p = 0.010). For women, social and family relationships (p < 0.001), personality (p < 0.001), interior (p < 0.001), and career (p < 0.001) were the aspects that worsened during confinement. For men, lack of physical exercise (p < 0.001), social and family relationships (p < 0.001), and career (p = 0.002) were affected to a greater extent. In both cases, confinement was a protective factor against the consumption of tobacco, toxins (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001). Gender (p = 0.008) and obesity (p = 0.044) were the two factors that most affected the change in the score of the FANTASTIC questionnaire. Spanish university students’ lifestyles worsened during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those of women, who were the most affected. Some aspects, such as those related to social and emotional behaviors, were deeply affected, while confinement could be a protective factor against previous toxic habits.
Cardiovascular Risk Prediction Parameters for Better Management in Rheumatic Diseases
Authors: Sharma Abhinav , Christodorescu Ruxandra , Agbariah Ahmad , Duda-Seiman Daniel , Dahdal Diala , Man Dana , Kundnani Nilima Rajpal , Cretu Octavian Marius , Dragan Simona
Published: February 2022

The early detection of cardiovascular disease (CVD) serves as a key element in preventive cardiology. The risk of developing CVD in patients with rheumatic disease is higher than that of the general population. Thus, the objective of this narrative review was to assess and describe updated risk-prediction parameters for CVD in patients suffering from rheumatic diseases, and, additionally, to evaluate therapeutic and risk management possibilities. The processes of recognizing CVD risk factors in rheumatic diseases, establishing diagnoses, and discovering CV risk assessments are currently displeasing in clinical practice; they have a limited clinical impact. A large number of references were found while screening PUBMED, Scopus, and Google scholar databases; the 47 most relevant references were utilized to build up this study. The selection was limited to English language full text articles, RCTs, and reviews published between 2011 and 2021. Multiple imaging techniques, such as ECG, ultrasound, and cIMT, as well as biomarkers like osteoprotegerin cytokine receptor and angiopoietin-2, can be beneficial in both CV risk prediction and in early subclinical diagnosis. Physical exercise is an essential non-pharmacological intervention that can maintain the health of the cardiovascular system and, additionally, influence the underlying disease. Lipid-lowering drugs (methotrexate from the non-biologic DMARDs family as well as biologic DMARDs such as anti-TNF) were all associated with a lower CV risk; however, anti-TNF medication can decrease cardiac compliance and promote heart failure in patients with previously diagnosed chronic HF. Although they achieved success rates in reducing inflammation, glucocorticoids, NSAIDs, and COX-2 inhibitors were correlated with an increased risk of CVD. When taking all of the aforementioned points into consideration, there appears to be a dire need to establish and implement CVD risk stratification models in rheumatic patients.
Application of Numerical and Experimental Modeling to Improve the Efficiency of Parshall Flumes: A Review of the State-of-the-Art
Authors: Heyrani Mehdi , Mohammadian Abdolmajid , Nistor Ioan , Dursun Omerul Faruk
Published: February 2022

One of the primary steps in managing the flow in an open channel is determining its properties. Empirical equations are developed to provide further information regarding the flow in open channels. Obtaining such experimental equations is expensive and time consuming; therefore, alternative solutions have been sought. Over the last century, the Parshall flume, a static measuring device with no moving parts, has played a significant role in measuring the flow in open channels. Many researchers have focused their interest on studying the application of Parshall flumes in various fields like irrigation and wastewater management. Although various scholars used experimental results to enhance the rating equation of the Parshall flume, others used an alternative source of data to recalibrate the height–discharge relation equation using numerical simulation. Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) software is becoming popular nowadays as computing hardware has advanced significantly within the last few decades, making it possible to go beyond the limited resolution that was experienced in the past. Multiple CFD models, depending on their availability, either open-source or commercially licensed, have been used to perform numerical simulations on different configurations of flumes, especially Parshall flumes, to produce water level results. Regarding various CFD tools that have been used, i.e., FLOW-3D, Ansys Fluent, or OpenFOAM, after precise calibration with experimental data, it has been determined that the output is reliable and can be implemented to the actual scenarios. The benefit of using this technique to produce results is the ability of the CFD approach to adjust the initial conditions, like flow velocity or structural geometry, where necessary. With respect to channel size and the condition of the site where the flume is located, the choices are narrowed to the specific Parshall flume suitable to the situation. It is not always possible to select the standard Parshall flume; therefore, engineers provide some modification to the closest flume size and provide a new rating curve to produce accurate flowrates. This review has been performed on the works of a number of scholars who targeted the application of numerical simulation and physical experimental data in Parshall flumes to either enhance the existing rating equation or propose further modification to the structure’s geometry.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis Surgical Site Infection after Cardiac Surgery in the COVID-19 Era: A Case Report
Authors: Parolari Giulia , Sepulcri Chiara , Salsano Antonio , Giacobbe Daniele Roberto , Marchese Anna , Barbieri Ramona , Guadagno Antonio , Spina Bruno , Santini Francesco , Bassetti Matteo
Published: February 2022

Infection of surgical wounds with acid-fast bacilli, including tubercle bacilli, is rare, and is poorly described in the literature. We present the case of a 74-year-old male who developed a sternal wound infection after cardiac surgery due to Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex, diagnosed post-mortem. SARS-CoV-2 infection contributed to worsened clinical conditions and surgical site infection. A high degree of suspicion to avoid unnecessary treatments and progression to severe disease with dismal prognosis is necessary in these types of infections.
The Relationship between Physical Activity Level and Functional Status of Subjects with High Spinal Cord Injury
Authors: Szeliga Ewa , Brzozowska-Magoń Agnieszka , Borys Renata , Wolan-Nieroda Andżelina , Walicka-Cupryś Katarzyna
Published: February 2022

Background. Spinal cord injuries are one of disability in Poland and in the world. Methods: 80 subjects with a transverse injury of the cervical spinal cord were enrolled in the study. The study group included men aged 20–50, 33.1 ± 7.5. A total of 40 (50%) of the subjects comprised the physically active group (AG)—subjects doing wheelchair sport twice a week for 90 min a day. The physically inactive group (IG) comprised 40 (50%) subjects who had not participated in any sports activities. Statistical analyses were carried out using Shapiro-Wilk W-test and Mann-Whitney U test. Results. Significant differences were found between the physically active and inactive men with regard to their functionality status. The biggest differences were found for turning over (p < 0.001) and in adopting a sitting position (p < 0.001). Persons in the AG group had better results in all assessed activities. The biggest differences were observed in the field of toilet and dressing up: tooth-brushing p < 0.007 and washing the top part of the body p < 0.002. Conclusions. People participating in regular physical activity–wheelchair rugby–after spinal cord injury have a better relationship with better fitness, greater independence and a better functional status.
Negative Impact and Positive Value of Caregiving in Spouse Carers of Persons with Dementia in Sweden
Authors: Johansson Marcus F. , McKee Kevin J. , Dahlberg Lena , Summer Meranius Martina , Williams Christine L. , Marmstål Hammar Lena
Published: February 2022

(1) Background: Spouse carers of persons with dementia (PwD) are particularly vulnerable to negative outcomes of care, yet research rarely focuses on their caregiving situation. This study explores factors associated with the positive value and negative impact of caregiving in spouse carers of PwD in Sweden. (2) Methods: The study was a cross-sectional questionnaire-based survey, with a convenience sample of spouse carers of PwD (n = 163). The questionnaire addressed: care situation, carer stress, health and social well-being, relationship quality and quality of support, and contained measures of positive value and negative impact of caregiving. (3) Results: Hierarchical regression models explained 63.4% variance in positive value and 63.2% variance in negative impact of caregiving. Three variables were significant in the model of positive value: mutuality, change in emotional closeness following dementia and quality of support. Six variables were significant in the model of negative impact: years in relationship, years as carer, behavioural stress, self-rated health, emotional loneliness and change in physical intimacy following dementia. (4) Conclusions: Support to spouse carers of PwD should address the carer–care-recipient relationship quality, although different aspects of the relationship should be addressed if both the positive value of caregiving is to be enhanced and the negative impact reduced.
Physicochemical Characteristics and Occupational Exposure of Silica Particles as Byproducts in a Semiconductor Sub Fab
Authors: Choi Kwang-Min , Lee Soo-Jin
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to elucidate the physicochemical characteristics and occupational exposure of silica powder and airborne particles as byproducts generated from the first scrubbers of chemical vapor deposition and diffusion processes during maintenance in a semiconductor facility sub fab to reduce unknown risk factors. The chemical composition, size, morphology, and crystal structure of powder and airborne particles as byproducts were investigated using a scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy equipped with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and an X-ray diffraction. The number and mass concentration measurements of airborne particles were performed by using an optical particle sizer of a direct-reading aerosol monitor. All powder and airborne particle samples were mainly composed of oxygen (O) and silicon (Si), which means silica. The byproduct particles were spherical and/or nearly spherical and the particle size ranged from 10 to 90 nm, based on primary particles. Most of the particles were usually agglomerated within a particle size range from approximately 100 nm to 35 µm. In addition, most of the powder samples exhibited diffraction patterns with a broad and relatively low intensity at 2θ degrees 21.6–26.7°, which is similar to that of pure amorphous silica. The above results show the byproduct particles are amorphous silica, which are considered a less toxic foam compared to crystalline silica. The number and mass concentrations of PM10 (particles less than 10 µm in diameter) ranged from 4.250–78.466 particles/cm3 and 0.939–735.531 µg/m3, respectively. In addition, 0.3–1.0 and 2.5–10 µm particles occupied the highest portion of the number and mass concentrations, respectively. Meanwhile, several peak exposure patterns were observed at a specific step, which is the process of removing powder particles on the inner chamber and cleaning the chamber by using a vacuum cleaner and a clean wiper, during the maintenance task.
Parents’ Awareness of Early Orthodontic Consultation: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Aldweesh Aljazi H. , Ben Gassem Afnan A. , AlShehri Bashayer M. , AlTowaijri Adhwa A. , Albarakati Sahar F.
Published: February 2022

Objective: The aim of this paper is to assess parents’ knowledge about early orthodontic consultation and treatment, and to determine the association of this knowledge with number of children, monthly income, children’s age and perceived dental problems. Methods: A questionnaire was distributed to 3000 school children aged 6–11 years. The children were asked to take the questionnaire to their parents and bring it back the next day. It consisted of 13 questions. Some of these questions were related to the gender of the child, number of children, and parents’ monthly income. The remaining questions assessed the parents’ awareness of their children’s need for orthodontic treatment. Results: In total, 2538 parents completed the questionnaire. Of these, 2014 (79%) of the parents thought that their children’s teeth would have a significant impact on their personality. Moreover, 1637 (64.5%) parents thought that their children had a problem with their teeth; 1080 (66%) of these parents consulted a dentist. Of these 1080 parents, 821 (76%) consulted an orthodontist, and of these 821 parents, 449 (55%) initiated the required orthodontic treatment. The number of children who visited an orthodontist was found to increase with an increase in age (p = 0.0057). Moreover, a perceived overjet was associated with a higher number of orthodontic consultations (p = 0.0326). Conclusion: Although parents’ awareness regarding their children’s orthodontic treatment is important, other factors, such as the age of the child, the severity of the malocclusion and the consulted dentist, play a role in initiating orthodontic treatment.
Effects of Acute Stress on Psychophysiology in Armed Tactical Occupations: A Narrative Review
Authors: Stephenson Mark D. , Schram Ben , Canetti Elisa F. D. , Orr Robin
Published: February 2022

The ability to perform under extreme pressure is one of the most sought-after qualities in both sports and tactical (military, law enforcement, fire, and rescue, etc.) occupations. While tactical performance relies on both physical and mental capabilities to achieve a desired outcome, it is often hampered by the stressful environments in which these personnel work. The acute stress experienced by tactical personnel can interfere with occupational performance, impacting both physical execution of tasks and decision-making. This narrative review discusses the implications of acute stress on the psychophysiology and physical performance of personnel serving in armed tactical occupations.
Effect of Antioxidant Supplementation on Markers of Oxidative Stress and Muscle Damage after Strength Exercise: A Systematic Review
Authors: Canals-Garzón Cristina , Guisado-Barrilao Rafael , Martínez-García Darío , Chirosa-Ríos Ignacio Jesús , Jerez-Mayorga Daniel , Guisado-Requena Isabel María
Published: February 2022

Background: The purpose of this systematic review was to determine the effect of antioxidant consumption on markers of oxidative stress and muscle damage after performing a muscle strength exercise. Methods: The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statements were followed. Four databases were used: Scopus, PubMed, WOS and SportDiscus. Methodological quality was assessed using the PEDro scale. Results: A total of 1709 articles were retrieved and following duplicate removal and application of exclusion criteria seven articles were reviewed. Supplementation with pomegranate juice alleviates oxidative stress, taurine reduces muscle damage, melatonin protects the skeletal muscles, blueberries decrease oxidation and oats mitigate muscle damage. Conclusions: Acute administration of antioxidants immediately before or during an exercise session can have beneficial effects, such as delay of fatigue and a reduction in the recovery period. Administration of antioxidant susbtances may reduce muscle damage and oxidative stress markers.
The Development of a Model to Predict Sports Participation among College Students in Central China
Authors: Liao Tianzhi , Tang Saizhao , Shim Yunsik
Published: February 2022

This study applies the theory of planned behavior (TPB) and self-determination theory (SDT) to predict the sports participation and exercise intentions of college students in Central China by considering the mediating roles of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to analyze self-reported data from 294 college students (144 males and 150 females). The relationship between the research variables was tested by the mediation model and Bootstrap 5000 sampling using AMOS version 24. The results show that the direct effects of attitudes and perceived behavioral control on motor intention and motor participation are significant in the model. The satisfaction of the three psychological needs had a positive indirect effect on motor participation through attitudes; competence and autonomy had a positive indirect effect on motor participation mediated through subjective norms; however, only competence had a positive indirect effect on motor mediated through perceived behavioral control. In conclusion, this research demonstrates the importance of meeting these three basic psychological needs when designing intervention measures to promote college students’ sports participation.
Food-Borne Transmission of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus—Spread, Consequences, and Prophylaxis
Authors: Buczek Alicja M. , Buczek Weronika , Buczek Alicja , Wysokińska-Miszczuk Joanna
Published: February 2022

Tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) is the most common viral neurological disease in Eurasia. It is usually transmitted via tick bites but can also occur through ingestion of TBEV-infected milk and dairy products. The present paper summarises the knowledge of the food-borne TBEV transmission and presents methods for the prevention of its spread. The incidence of milk-borne TBE outbreaks is recorded in central, eastern, and north-eastern Europe, where Ixodes ricinus, Ixodes persulcatus, and/or Dermacentor reticulatus ticks, i.e., the main vectors of TBEV, occur abundantly. The growing occurrence range and population size of these ticks increases the risk of infection of dairy animals, i.e., goats, sheep, and cows, with viruses transmitted by these ticks. Consumers of unpasteurised milk and dairy products purchased from local farms located in TBE endemic areas are the most vulnerable to alimentary TBEV infections. Familial infections with these viruses are frequently recorded, mainly in children. Food-transmitted TBE can be monophasic or biphasic, and some of its neurological and psychiatric symptoms may persist in patients for a long time. Alimentary TBEV infections can be effectively prevented by consumption of pasteurised milk and the use of TBEV vaccines. It is recommended that milk and dairy products should be checked for the presence of TBE viruses prior to distribution. Protection of dairy animals against tick attacks and education of humans regarding the epidemiology and prophylaxis of TBE are equally important.
Learning to Cycle: From Training Wheels to Balance Bike
Authors: Mercê Cristiana , Branco Marco , Catela David , Lopes Frederico , Cordovil Rita
Published: February 2022

Background: Learning to cycle is an important milestone in a child’s life, so it is important to allow them to explore cycling as soon as possible. The use of a bicycle with training wheels (BTW) for learning to cycling is an old approach practiced worldwide. Most recently, a new approach using the balance bike (BB) has received increased attention, and several entities believe that this could be most efficient. Drawing on the work of Bronfenbrenner (1995) and Newel (1986), this study aimed to analyse the effect of BB’s use on the learning process of cycling independently. Methods: Data were collected in Portugal from an online structured survey between November 2019 and June 2020. Results: A total of 2005 responses were obtained for adults and children (parental response). Results revealed that when the BB’s approach was used, learning age (LA) occurred earlier (M = 4.16 ± 1.34 years) than with the BTW’s approach (M = 5.97 ± 2.16 years) (p < 0.001); or than when there was only the single use of the traditional bicycle (M =7.27 ± 3.74 years) (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Children who used the BB as the first bike had a significantly lower LA than children who did not use it (p < 0.001). To maximize its effects, the BB should be used in the beginning of the learning process.
Energy Intake from Healthy Foods Is Associated with Motor Fitness in Addition to Physical Activity: A Cross-Sectional Study of First-Grade Schoolchildren in Japan
Authors: Hatta Naoko , Tada Yuki , Ishikawa-Takata Kazuko , Furusho Tadasu , Kanehara Rieko , Hata Toshiki , Hida Azumi , Kawano Yukari
Published: February 2022

Childhood motor fitness is important for the physical and mental health of children and the prevention of future lifestyle diseases. This study aimed to investigate how energy intake from healthy foods and physical activity are associated with motor fitness among first-grade children. First-grade children (aged 6–7 years) attending three public elementary schools in Tokyo, Japan (n = 884), participated in this cross-sectional study. Self-administered questionnaires were distributed, which focused on lifestyle habits and required completion of a 1-day dietary record of meals that children ate at home. School lunch consumption was also assessed. Motor fitness was assessed by the New Physical Fitness Test (NPFT). Multiple regression analysis was used to investigate the association of the amount of energy from healthy foods and physical activity with NPFT scores. NPFT scores were positively correlated with involvement in after school exercise classes, playing outside (in boys only), and total energy intake. Energy intake from healthy foods showed a positively associated with NPFT scores (boys, β = 0.120, p = 0.011; girls, β = 0.140, p = 0.004), while energy intake from unhealthy foods did not. Energy intake from healthy foods was associated with motor fitness in children in addition to physical activity.
#NicotineAddictionCheck: Puff Bar Culture, Addiction Apathy, and Promotion of E-Cigarettes on TikTok
Authors: Morales Makayla , Fahrion Alexis , Watkins Shannon Lea
Published: February 2022

This study aimed to classify and delineate types of user-generated content about the disposable e-cigarette Puff Bar shared on the popular video-based social media platform TikTok. We qualitatively analyzed 148 popular TikTok videos collected in July 2020. During an iterative process of data reduction and thematic analysis, we categorized videos by overarching genres and identified emergent themes. Young adults were engaged at all stages of the research process. Together, videos were viewed over 137 million times on TikTok. Seven genres of Puff Bar content emerged: skits and stories, shared vaper experiences, videos to show off, product reviews, product unboxing, promotion of Puff Bar, and crafts. Videos depicted Puff Bar users’ apathy about addiction and a lack of concern of the health effects of e-cigarette use. Additionally, Puff Bar promotion content from underground retailers was extensive and some targeted underage persons. Qualitative analysis of social media content can richly describe emerging online culture and illuminate the motivations of adolescent and young adult e-cigarette use. Social media can facilitate new product adoption; comprehensive e-cigarette regulation and enforcement can counteract these effects by closing loopholes through which new products emerge.