bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental qualification and sensitivity study of antipodal patch antenna structures for orientation independent detection of partial discharges
Authors: Friebe Kerstin , Jenau Frank
Published: April 2024

Partial discharge diagnosis is an important part of monitoring and diagnosing components of the power transmission system. Four different patch antenna structures for the detection of partial discharges are investigated. These patch antennas, which are realisable in a variety of geometric structures, are already the subject of research. They offer the advantage of contactless detection without intervention in the test object or the measuring circuit, and also offer the possibility of alignment independent detection compared to directional antennas. However, it is important and required to examine different structures extensively at the same measurement setup and to compare their performance. To achieve this, four different configurations of patch antenna structures based on basic geometries all in antipodal design are realised: a logarithmic periodic structure, a Hilbert fractal structure and two tapered slot antennas. They are exposed to the same conditions on a special and unique measurement setup. As the main aspect, the performance of orientation independent detection of partial discharges patch antennas with varying distance and rotation in relation to the partial discharge source as well as the operating bandwidth is examined. To rate the structures, an evaluation scheme is created and a sensitivity matrix is generated.
Electromagnetic time reversal for online partial discharge location in power cables: Influence of interfering reflections from grid components
Authors: Ragusa Antonella , Wouters Peter A. A. F. , Sasse Hugh , Duffy Alistair , Rachidi Farhad , Rubinstein Marcos
Published: April 2024

In online single‐sided partial discharge (PD) location, the measured PD reflection patterns are affected by the characteristics of all the components of the associated power network. This paper analyses the performance of a PD location method based on electromagnetic time reversal (EMTR) theory, when interfering reflections contribute to the transient signals emitted by the PD event. The topology analysed is formed from a ring main unit (RMU) in a medium voltage grid with mixed cross‐linked polyethylene and paper‐insulated lead‐covered (PILC) cable sections. The PD reflection patterns, observed at the RMU, are disturbed by the reflections coming from the impedance discontinuities of the circuit and by the reflections coming from the cable ends of the PILC cables connected to the RMU. The simulated configuration is chosen such that classical location techniques tend to fail due to overlapping peaks and other signal distortion. This is because the classic techniques are based on identifying individual reflection peaks from which the PD source can be determined via differences in time of arrival. The numerical investigation shows that the accuracy of the EMTR‐based location method is robust against these effects, achieving a PD localisation with an error less than the 0.1%. The results also show that the EMTR‐based method can localise PDs using a PD monitoring point located somewhere along the network and not necessarily at the line termination.
FORSE+: Simulating non-Gaussian CMB foregrounds at 3 arcmin in a stochastic way based on a generative adversarial network
Authors: Yao Jian , Krachmalnicoff Nicoletta , Foschi Marianna , Puglisi Giuseppe , Baccigalupi Carlo
Published: April 2024

We present FORSE+, a Python package that produces non-Gaussian diffuse Galactic thermal dust emission maps at arcminute angular scales and that has the capacity to generate random realizations of small scales. This represents an extension of the FORSE (Foreground Scale Extender) package, which was recently proposed to simulate non-Gaussian small scales of thermal dust emission using generative adversarial networks (GANs). With the input of the large-scale polarization maps from observations, FORSE+ has been trained to produce realistic polarized small scales at 3′ following the statistical properties, mainly the non-Gaussianity, of observed intensity small scales, which are evaluated through Minkowski functionals. Furthermore, by adding different realizations of random components to the large-scale foregrounds, we show that FORSE+ is able to generate small scales in a stochastic way. In both cases, the output small scales have a similar level of non-Gaussianity compared with real observations and correct amplitude scaling as a power law. These realistic new maps will be useful, in the future, to understand the impact of non-Gaussian foregrounds on the measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) signal, particularly on the lensing reconstruction, de-lensing, and the detection of cosmological gravitational waves in CMB polarization B-modes.
Effect of climate change trends on viticulture in the region
Authors: Gerasimova M.Yu. , Pismenskaya Yu.V. , Modina M.A.
Published: April 2024

The paper addresses the assessment of changed agroclimatic indicators in the conditions of the Krasnodar Territory and the analysis of their effect on the yield of grapes in the region. The effects of climate change can be both negative (increased frequency and intensity of dangerous hydrometeorological phenomena; increased range of insect pests, etc.) and positive (long-term growing season and heat supply for agricultural crops, etc.). Thus, reliable and timely data on the climate state and change are needed for a comprehensive understanding of the problem. The results of data analysis and conclusions about the climate state and change in the Krasnodar Territory, in particular the city of Novorossiysk, form the data basis for development of adaptation measures and play an important role in studies into climate variability and anthropogenic climate change.
Improving the quality of biogas fuel combustion in a household gas burner
Authors: Ramazanov R.S. , Suslov D.Y. , Kushchev L.A.
Published: April 2024

The technology of energy production from waste of various origins is one of the most promising areas of the energy industry. Improving the efficiency of using alternative energy sources, as well as reducing the negative impact of organic waste of various origins on the environment are important tasks of modern science. One of the alternative types of energy is biogas. Moreover, the production of biogas is accompanied by the simultaneous processing of waste into organic fertilizers. However, biogas has a lower calorific value, and as a result, lower efficiency when burned in standard gas appliances. To find a solution to this problem, a study of the process of burning biogas in a gas burner of a household gas stove was conducted. Mathematical expressions are obtained in the form of regression equations and response surfaces describing the efficiency (η, %) and the content of toxic components (CO, mg/m3) in the combustion products during the combustion of biogas in the original gas burner equipped with a thermal divider. As a result, the most rational design parameters of the thermal divider of the gas burner were determined. The developed original design of the gas burner device, equipped with a thermal divider providing preheating of the gas-air mixture, showed high efficiency and acceptable content of toxic impurities in the composition of combustion products.
Scientific basis for assessing reliability of water reservoir
Authors: Yavov A.U. , Ibragimov I.A.
Published: April 2024

One of the important tasks of this work is to assess the reliability of hydraulic structures of existing reservoirs in Uzbekistan, including CMI, to ensure the safety of hydraulic structures as a result of spiritual and physical deterioration as a result of the long-term operation of hydromechanical equipment. This article addresses the tasks that are considered important. The article examines the technical condition of the existing hydraulic structures, mechanical equipment and control and measuring devices in the Kuyumozor reservoir and assesses the reliability of the structures based on the reliability criteria.
Features of biotesting rice soils for the purpose of their ecotoxicological assessment
Authors: Modina Marina , Heckert Eugene , Kozenkova Galina , Kuznetsova Yulia
Published: April 2024

Biotesting is a method of integral environmental assessment. In biotesting, toxicological analysis is carried out using approved methods, taking into account the total effect, regardless of the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the tested environment. Biotesting is applicable for assessing the quality of natural and waste water, soil. Representativeness of the data obtained by biotesting depends on the selected test-objects, their quantity and use of the approved methodology. Problems of toxicological assessment of contaminated soils and selection of biotesting techniques are considered. A set of biotests is proposed, the use of which gives a reliable characteristic of ecotoxicological state of soil.
Development of a dry mixture of food concentrate for baking a cupcake with soy shell flour
Authors: Kupchak Daria , Lyubimova Olga , Dotsenko Sergei
Published: April 2024

The article considers the relevance of modern developments of qualitatively new food products based on soy biologically modified concentrates, secondary types of flour for nutritional support of the diet of various population groups; the classification of food concentrates – semi-finished flour products according to the current standard is considered; the research is presented, on the basis of which a dry mixture has been developed-a food concentrate for baking a cupcake with soy shell flour, including premium wheat flour, soy shell flour and other ingredients of the formulation, such as egg powder, whole milk powder, baking soda, citric acid, granulated sugar, vanillin, dried grapes, in a mass ratio wheat flour: soy shell flour: other components of the formulation 62.4%:20:17.6%; it is shown that soy shell flour is the most valuable source of minerals such as potassium, magnesium, sodium, phosphorus, calcium, iron, zinc, dietary fiber and is characterized by a ratio of saturated fatty acids to unsaturated as 1:3-3.5; it is proved that the use of soy shell flour allows you to increase the protein content, food fibers, zinc, iron in the finished product, which meets the needs of the consumer.
Study of curd cooling process as a multidimensional control object by mathematical modelling method
Authors: Khromykh Elena , Kozenko Ivan , Ryazantsev Sergey
Published: April 2024

One of the final stages of curd production is the process of its cooling, carried out after the formation of the clot. The purpose of this operation is to form the required value of one of the main quality indicators of the product - acidity, determined by the rate of flow and stopping of lactic acid fermentation, depending on the temperature. The accuracy of maintaining this parameter directly depends on the knowledge of static and dynamic properties of the cooler used, as well as various factors and the degree of their influence on the process. Development and analysis of the mathematical model of the process, setting and carrying out of computational experiments on its basis allows to receive the required information for development of methods of improvement of quality of conducting of cooling process and development of effective systems of automatic regulation of temperature. In addition, the use of the method of mathematical modelling allowed to compare different designs of coolers: the existing one-section and the proposed three-section, to analyse the dynamic properties, to identify their advantages and disadvantages. The performed calculations and analyses of the results showed the advantages of using a three-section curd cooler compared to a single-section. Greater cooling speed and accuracy of maintaining the set temperature, as well as lower consumption of coolant confirm the effectiveness of using devices with three independent cooling sections.
Cause analysis of low production and low efficiency Wells and treatment countermeasures
Authors: Li Huiying
Published: April 2024

After years of exploitation of oilfields, the development of oilfields is becoming more and more difficult, and the number of low-yield and low-efficiency oil wells is gradually increasing, which has become a major problem in the development, which not only affects the recovery rate, but also increases the production cost.
Study on the characterization of coal fracture structure and fractal characteristics based on sem and fractal theory
Authors: Chen Fang
Published: April 2024

Based on the background of the 2 # coal seam mainly mined in Yulin Mining Area in northern Shaanxi, this paper adopts Scanning electron microscope testing and fractal theory analysis methods, and obtains the fracture size and fractal characteristics of coal samples through the process of sample preparation drying testing analysis.After testing, the cracks in the main coal seam samples in the Yulin mining area in northern Shaanxi show irregular distribution, with small branch cracks mainly derived from larger main cracks, and the width and size range of the main cracks are within 90 μm~617 μm, the width range of branch fine cracks is 0-21 μm.The box counting method was used to analyze the fractal characteristics of surface cracks, and the number of cracks at different fractal scales was obtained. The least squares method was used to calculate the number of cracks N(δ)And grid edge length δ Through regression analysis, it was found that the analysis dimensions of coal seam fractures in the main mining seam of Yulin mining area in northern Shaanxi are between 1.0115 and 1.5082. Based on relevant standards, it is preliminarily determined that the water conductivity of the coal seams in this area belongs to Class IV or Class V,the water conductivity of coal seams is poor,and the difficulty of water permeability is high. This can provide basic support for the application of water injection dust reduction programs in the future.
Total and Double Differential Scattering Cross-Section Measurements of Isotropic Graphite
Authors: Kimura Atsushi , Endo Shunsuke , Nakamura Shoji
Published: April 2024

The total and double differential scattering cross sections (DDSCS) of isotropic graphite have been measured in the J-PARC Materials and Life Science Experimental Facility using five samples with different porosities and grain sizes. The DDSCS measurements were performed in Beam Line No.14 (AMATERAS) with nine incident neutron energies ranging from 1.2 to 94 meV. In the derived cross sections, there are no clear sample dependence. The neutron total cross sections in the energy region from 1 to 100 meV were measured using Beam Line No. 04 (ANNRI). All samples in the epithermal range (over 40 meV) tended to have values close to the free atom cross-section of graphite. However, at the first Bragg edge, the deduced total cross sections by these measurements started to vary. The difference became more significant with decreasing the neutron energy.
Assimilating fission-code FIFRELIN using machine learning
Authors: Bazelaire Guillaume , Chebboubi Abdelhazize , Bernard David , Daniel Geoffrey , Blanchard Jean-Baptiste
Published: April 2024

This paper presents work that has been done on the FIFRELIN Monte-Carlo code. The purpose of the code is to simulate the de-excitation process of fission fragments. Numerous quantity of insterest are calculated (mass yields, prompt particle spectra, mulitiplicities … ). Up to now the code relies on four free parameters which control the initial excitation and total angular momentum of fission fragment. Finding the good set of the free parameters is a diffucult task. In this work, we have developed an optimization algorithm based on Gaussian Process regression.
Effective R-Matrix Parameterizations for Nuclear Data
Authors: Arbanas Goran , Holcomb Andrew , Pigni Marco , Wiarda Dorothea , Brown Jesse , Leal Luiz
Published: April 2024

We derive an effective Reich-Moore approximation (RMA) of the Wigner-EisenbudR-matrix formalism parameterized by complex-valued resonance energies and widths; this RMA exactly reproduces the total eliminated cross section. We show that resonance parameters evaluated for a conventional boundary conditions (BCs),Bc=Sc(E),are approximately equal to theR-matrix parameters in Park’s formalism by employing a linear approximation of the shift function therein [T.-S. Park, Phys. Rev. C106(2021) 064612]. We outline a method for converting Park’s observed reduced width amplitudes (RWAs) and their covariance matrix into Brune’s alternativeR-matrix RWAs and their covariance matrix [C. Brune, Phys. Rev. C66(2002) 044611]. We extend the Park’sR-matrix formalism into the complex plane by introducing a complex-valued basis set of eigenfunctions of a complex-symmetric (non-Hermitian) Hamiltonian in theR-matrix interior. We observe that itsR-matrix resonance energies and widths are directly related to the poles and residues, respectively, of Hwang’s sum-over-poles representation of cross sections [R.N. Hwang, Nucl. Sci. Eng.96(1987) 192].
Overcoming the Challenges Faced by Leaders of Purpose-Led Medium-Sized Businesses: The Role of Corporate Communication and its Interplay with Corporate Reputation and Organisational Identity
Authors: Ibn-Mohammed Taofeeq , Herath Suranga , Swallow Nicholas , Gower Charlie , Puente Montes Adriana , Brooks Dawn , Perez Garcia Andres , Morrison-Saunders Angus
Published: April 2024

Induced by worsening environmental conditions, pursuing purpose, not solely profit, now constitutes an ethical obligation for leaders of business organisations, towards future generations. Consequently, increasing numbers of businesses seek to become purpose-led (PLBs), but challenges exist. Despite the significant growth in PLB research since the turn of the millennium, attention has mainly focussed on multinational companies, although small- and medium-sized businesses (MSBs) hugely impact any economy. This research sets out to better understand the challenges faced by leaders of companies undergoing purpose-led MSB transitioning. Thematic analysis of the interview data from founders and leaders of B-Corp certified purpose-led MSBs revealed six specific challenges consistent with literature findings, but also provided uniquely useful insights from the leaders’ perspectives. Integrated business strategies or solutions, which meet multiple challenges simultaneously, revolve around a strong corporate reputation and organisational identity driven by corporate communication. Corporate communication engages stakeholders, builds trust, reinforces reputation, and serves as a strategic intervention for differentiating purpose-led MSBs in the marketplace, shaping organisational identity. Overall, the work provides leaders of MSBs with a practical guide for navigating their challenges and developing leadership practices to enable purpose-led transformations.
The ion-gas-neutral interactions with surfaces-2 (IGNIS-2) facility for the study of plasma–material interactions
Authors: Schamis Hanna , Jaramillo-Correa Camilo , Parsons Matthew S. , Marchhart Trevor , Allain Jean Paul , Hargrove Chase , Judge Aidan , Kawashimo Kenta , Kunz Ethan , López Pérez Camila , Nieto-Perez Martin , Shober Haiden
Published: April 2024

The Ion-Gas-Neutral Interactions with Surfaces-2 (IGNIS-2) surface science facility has been designed at the Pennsylvania State University with the specific purpose of enabling experiments to study plasma–material interactions. This in situ surface modification and characterization facility consists of multiple reconfigurable substations that are connected through a central transfer chamber. This fully connected vacuum system ensures that the physical and chemical properties of samples are not altered between surface modification and analysis. The modification techniques in IGNIS-2 include a low-energy (<300 eV), high-flux (up to 1016 cm−2 s−1) broad-beam ion source, a liquid metal dropper, a lithium injection system, an RF sputter source, and an evaporator. Its characterization techniques include charged particle-based techniques, such as low-energy ion scattering (enabled by two <5 keV ion sources) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and photon and light-based techniques, such as x-ray fluorescence, multi-beam optical stress sensors, and optical cameras. All of these techniques can be utilized up to mTorr pressures, allowing both in situ and in operando studies to be conducted. Results are presented on lithium wetting experiments of argon-irradiated tungsten-based composites, surface stress measurements of tungsten films during deuterium ion irradiation, and temperature-programmed desorption of deuterium-irradiated graphite to demonstrate the in situ capabilities of this new facility.
Aligning the Thomson scattering and charge exchange recombination diagnostics using neutral beam emission at DIII-D
Authors: Feyrer A. , Haskey S. R. , Chrystal C. , Aidala C. A.
Published: April 2024

This work addresses discrepancies in the alignment of the H-mode pedestal profiles of the electron and ion properties in the DIII-D tokamak as measured by Thomson Scattering (TS) and Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CER) diagnostics. While the alignment of these profiles is key for accurate studies of tokamak physics and plasma confinement, misalignments can occur due to inaccuracies, such as in magnetic equilibrium reconstructions required to map measurements in different poloidal and toroidal locations. Both FIDASIM, an established simulation package, and a simplified collisional radiative model are used to simulate neutral beam state densities and neutral beam emission. Simulated neutral beam emissions are calculated based on shifted TS profiles and compared to beam emission measurements from the Main Ion CER system to determine the best shift for aligning TS with CER. This analysis is performed on various DIII-D discharges.
Prediction model of measurement errors in current transformers based on deep learning
Authors: Li Zhen-hua , Cui Jiu-xi , Lu He-ping , Zhou Feng , Diao Ying-long , Li Zhen-xing
Published: April 2024

The long-term monitoring stability of electronic current transformers is crucial for accurately obtaining the current signal of the power grid. However, it is difficult to accurately distinguish between the fluctuation of non-stationary random signals on the primary side of the power grid and the gradual error of the transformers themselves. A current transformer error prediction model, CNN-MHA-BiLSTM, based on the golden jackal optimization (GJO) algorithm, which is used to obtain the optimal parameter values, bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) network, convolutional neural networks (CNNs), and multi-head attention (MHA), is proposed to address the difficulty of measuring error evaluation. This model can be used to determine the operation of transformers and can be widely applied to assist in determining the stability of transformer operation and early faults. First, CNN is used to mine the vertical detail features of error data at a certain moment, improving the speed of error prediction. Furthermore, a cascaded network with BiLSTM as the core is constructed to extract the horizontal historical features of the error data. The GJO algorithm is used to adjust the parameters of the BiLSTM model; optimize the hidden layer nodes, training frequency, and learning rate; and integrate MHA mechanism to promote the model to pay attention to the characteristic changes of the data in order to improve the accuracy of error prediction. Finally, this method is applied to the operation data of transformer in substations, and four time periods of data are selected to verify the model effectiveness of the current transformer dataset. The analysis results of single step and multi-step examples indicate that the proposed model has significant advantages in terms of accuracy and stability in error prediction.
Exchange–correlation entropy from the generalized thermal adiabatic connection
Authors: Harding Brittany P. , Mauri Zachary , Xie Vera W. , Pribram-Jones Aurora
Published: April 2024

Warm dense matter is a highly energetic phase characterized by strong correlations, thermal effects, and quantum mechanical electrons. Thermal density functional theory is commonly used in simulations of this challenging phase, driving the development of temperature-dependent approximations to the exchange–correlation free energy. Approaches using the adiabatic connection formula are well known at zero temperature and have been recently leveraged at non-zero temperatures as well. In this work, a generalized thermal adiabatic connection (GTAC) formula is proposed, introducing a fictitious temperature parameter. This allows extraction of the exchange–correlation entropy SXC using simulated interaction strength scaling. This procedure uses a Hellmann–Feynman approach to express the exchange–correlation entropy in terms of a temperature- and interaction strength-dependent exchange–correlation potential energy. In addition, analysis of SXC as a function of interaction strength suggests new forms for approximations, and GTAC itself offers a new framework for exploring both the exact and approximate interplay of temperature, density, and interaction strength across a wide range of conditions.
Ferroelectric capacitors with triple level cell storage capability at low operating voltage by introducing TiN interlayer
Authors: Chen Yi-Fan , Shih Hung-Yuan , Wang Chen-Hsin , Kuo Chun-Yi , Wu Yung-Hsien
Published: April 2024

Inserting an ultrathin TiN interlayer into a ferroelectric HfZrOx (HZO) film of 10 nm by in situ ALD was proposed to implement ferroelectric capacitors (FeCAPs) in this work. The FeCAPs with the structure of TiN/HZO/TiN/HZO/TiN show a high remanent polarization (2Pr) of 32.6 μC/cm2 at a low operating voltage of 2 V and a pulse width of 5 μs. Compared to those without TiN interlayer, this work shows Pr enhancement by 2.2× under partial-switching conditions (2 V/5 μs) and 50% reduction of operating voltage to achieve comparable Pr under full-switching. This work also demonstrates the triple-level cell (TLC, 3 bits/cell) storage capability and can achieve robust endurance up to 3 × 107 cycles under partial-switching endurance conditions (±2 V/5 μs) when combined with the recovery method. The promising properties are mainly attributed to the high ratio of the orthorhombic phase of the HZO film. These results attest to the eligibility of the TiN interlayer to implement low-power, high-reliability, and high-density FeCAPs for embedded memory applications.
Relativistic R-matrix calculations for the photoionization of W61+ ions
Authors: Wu Z. W. , Wang J. Q. , Li Y. , An Y. H. , Fritzsche S.
Published: April 2024

Direct and resonant photoionization of Al-like W61+ ions from their ground state 1s22s22p63s23p 2P1/2 and four lowly excited states 1s22s22p63s23p 2P3/2, 1s22s22p63s3p2 4P1/2,3/2, and 1s22s22p63s3p2 2D5/2 is studied by using the multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock method and the relativistic R-matrix method. Emphasis is placed upon exploring direct and resonant ionization limits and also upon identifying possible resonance channels of W61+ ions. To do so, the photoionization cross sections are calculated with the use of the Dirac Atomic R-matrix Code. For the ground-state photoionization, the direct and resonant ionization limits are obtained, and the identified resonance peaks are found to be associated with the resonances 1s22s22p63s3lnl′ and 1s22s22p63p3lnl′ (l,l′=p,d) at a level of fine-structure energy level or configuration. For the excited-state photoionization, however, although the respective direct ionization limits are obtained, the resonant ionization limits and resonance peaks are hardly distinguishable due to much more densely spaced resonance peaks and complex resonance structure. It is expected that the present work could fill the vacancy of studies on the photoionization of W61+ ions and be helpful to the diagnosis and simulation of the thermonuclear fusion plasmas together with other available photoionization data of tungsten ions with other charge states.
Microstructural investigation of morphology and kinetics of methane hydrate in the presence of tetrabutylammonium bromide: Insights for preservation and inhibition
Authors: Takeya Satoshi , Muromachi Sanehiro , Muraoka Michihiro , Suzuki Kiyofumi , Tenma Norio , Hirano Keiichi , Hyodo Kazuyuki , Kawamoto Masahide , Yoneyama Akio
Published: April 2024

Developing highly efficient methane (CH4) hydrate storage methods and understanding the hydrate dissociation kinetics can contribute to advancing CH4 gas storage and transport. The effects of tetrabutylammonium bromide (TBAB) (a thermodynamic promoter) addition on the kinetics of CH4 hydrate were evaluated on the microscopic scale using synchrotron x-ray computed tomography (CT) and powder x-ray diffraction. Microscopic observations showed that a 5 wt. % TBAB solution facilitated the nucleation of CH4 hydrate owing to the initial growth of TBAB semi-clathrate hydrate particles. The CH4 hydrate crystals in the CH4 + TBAB hydrate sample were sponge-like with many internal pores and exhibited slightly enhanced self-preservation compared to the pure CH4 hydrate, both in the bulk and after pulverization to a fine powder. This study demonstrates the feasibility of controlling the rate of CH4 hydrate formation and preservation by using aqueous TBAB solutions in CH4 hydrate formation.
Uncertainties in regularized long-wave equation and its modified form: A triangular fuzzy-based approach
Authors: Vana Rambabu , Perumandla Karunakar
Published: April 2024

This article explores the solution of the regularized long-wave equation (RLWE) and modified RLWE (MRLWE) using a semi-analytical approach known as the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), revealing the characteristics of shallow water waves and ion-acoustic plasma waves. The effectiveness and accuracy of the technique are demonstrated by solving scenarios involving a single solitary wave (SSW) and two solitary waves (TSW) presented and compared with the exact solution of the RLWE. Furthermore, we introduced a fuzzy model for both RLWE and MRLWE, considering uncertainties in the coefficients related to the wave amplitude, and to understand the behavior of both fuzzy RLWE (FRLWE) and fuzzy MRLWE (FMRLWE) in the SSW by examining various numerical results using MATLAB.
First-principles prediction of thermal conductivity of bulk hexagonal boron nitride
Authors: Guo Ziqi , Han Zherui , Alkandari Abdulaziz , Khot Krutarth , Ruan Xiulin
Published: April 2024

Despite its importance, a sophisticated theoretical study of thermal conductivity in bulk h-BN has been lacking to date. In this study, we predict thermal conductivity in bulk h-BN crystals using first-principles predictions and the Boltzmann transport equation. We consider three-phonon (3ph) scattering, four-phonon (4ph) scattering, and phonon renormalization. Our predicted thermal conductivity is 363 and 4.88 W/(m K) for the in-plane and out-of-plane directions at room temperature, respectively. Further analysis reveals that 4ph scattering reduces thermal conductivity, while phonon renormalization weakens phonon anharmonicity and increases thermal conductivity. Eventually, the in-plane and out-of-plane thermal conductivities show intriguing ∼T−0.627 and ∼T−0.568 dependencies, respectively, far deviating from the traditional 1/T relation.
Regulation of the d-band center of metal–organic frameworks for energy-saving hydrogen generation coupled with selective glycerol oxidation
Authors: He Yuqian , Ma Zheng , Yan Feng , Zhu Chunling , Shen Tongyang , Chou Shulei , Zhang Xiao , Chen Yujin
Published: April 2024

The hybrid electrolyzer coupled glycerol oxidation (GOR) with hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is fascinating to simultaneously generate H
2
and high value-added chemicals with low energy input, yet facing a challenge. Herein, Cu-based metal–organic frameworks (Cu-MOFs) are reported as model catalysts for both HER and GOR through doping of atomically dispersed precious and nonprecious metals. Remarkably, the HER activity of Ru-doped Cu-MOF outperformed a Pt/C catalyst, with its Faradaic efficiency for formate formation at 90% at a low potential of 1.40 V. Furthermore, the hybrid electrolyzer only needed 1.36 V to achieve 10 mA cm
−2
, 340 mV lower than that for splitting pure water. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that electronic interactions between the host and guest (doped) metals shifted downward the d-band centers (ε
d
) of MOFs. This consequently lowered water adsorption and dissociation energy barriers and optimized hydrogen adsorption energy, leading to significantly enhanced HER activities. Meanwhile, the downshift of ε
d
centers reduced energy barriers for rate-limiting step and the formation energy of OH*, synergistically enhancing the activity of MOFs for GOR. These findings offered an effective means for simultaneous productions of hydrogen fuel and high value-added chemicals using one hybrid electrolyzer with low energy input.
Spillover effects of reminder nudges in complex environments
Authors: Koch Alexander K. , Mønster Dan , Nafziger Julia
Published: April 2024

We present an experiment on the immediate and lasting effects of reminder nudges in a complex environment. In the study, 1,542 subjects face a setting where, within a brief time frame, they have to pay attention to and perform multiple actions in a computer game. The experiment investigates i) the effect of reminders on the reminded actions and their spillovers on nonreminded actions; ii) spillovers between multiple nudges when the number of reminded actions is increased; and iii) intertemporal spillovers from having been exposed to reminders on actions after reminders are withdrawn. Our findings reveal, first, that reminders have a positive effect on the overall number of actions performed. It results from the positive direct effect on the reminded actions dominating the negative spillovers on nonreminded actions. These negative effects are notable in our setting, where reminders could potentially have positive spillovers by freezing attention or by indirectly prompting actions similar to the reminded ones. Second, we observe that reminder nudges are scalable. Increasing the number of reminded actions leads subjects to take more actions overall, albeit with diminishing returns and more pronounced negative spillover effects. Third, after reminders are withdrawn, the positive effect on reminded actions diminishes, while negative spillovers on nonreminded actions persist, thus rendering reminders ineffective in increasing the overall number of actions performed.
A comparison of freshwater and marine/estuarine strains of Pomphorhynchus laevis occurring sympatrically in flounder, Platichthys flesus, in the tidal Thames
Authors: Guillen-Hernandez S. , Whitfield P.J.
Published: April 2024

Collections of flounder, Platichthys flesus, at two sites on the tidal River Thames in 1994 and 1995 have, for the first time, revealed the sympatric occurrence of the freshwater and marine/estuarine strains of the acanthocephalan parasite Pomphorhynchus laevis. This natural co-occurrence of the strains has been employed to compare infection levels and a range of parasite attributes of the two strains under conditions of sympatry. At both Lots Road (Chelsea) and Tilbury the marine/estuarine strain was present at far higher infection levels than the freshwater form. In a detailed comparison of worms from Tilbury flounder, a range of differences was revealed between the two strains. In single strain infections in individual fish, freshwater and marine/estuarine worms had distinct but overlapping gut microhabitat use patterns, with the former having a central intestinal bias and the latter a bias for the posterior region of the gut. In mixed strain infections, niche contraction occurred so that no overlap occurred. Freshwater worms were larger and had more eggs, more ovarian balls, and a higher percentage of fully developed eggs than the marine/estuarine worms. These differences are thought to reflect intrinsic, presumably genetically determined, differences between the two strains as they occurred in the same fish host species collected at the same place and time. Apparent differences in strain reproductive potential in flounder in the tidal Thames are discussed in the context of previous studies and the intermediate host segment of the parasite life cycle.
Treatment of Toxocara canis infections in mice with liposome-incorporated benzimidazole carbamates and immunomodulator glucan
Authors: Hrčkova G. , Velebný S.
Published: April 2024

Benzimidazole carbamates (mebendazole, albendazole and fenbendazole) are the most commonly used anthelmintic drugs for the treatment of larval toxocariasis (Toxocara canis) in paratenic hosts. However, the bioavailability of these drugs for tissues is very low due to their extremely low solubility, resulting in the administration of relatively high doses over a long period. To overcome this problem, neutral, negatively or positively charged and stabilized liposome drug carriers were examined in the chronic phase of T. canis infections in mice each orally inoculated with 1000 eggs. Moreover, liposomized albendazole and fenbendazole were co-administered with liposomized immunomodulator glucan. The highest efficacy of both drugs, evaluated 4 weeks after treatment, was recorded after their subcutaneous administration (ten doses of 25 mg kg-1) in stabilized liposomes and intramuscular co-administration of liposomized glucan (two doses of 5 mg kg-1). Fenbendazole was more effective in muscles (91.5%) whereas albendazole was more effective in the brain (92.2%). Liposomes with incorporated benzimidazole carbamate anthelmintics provide sustained drug-release reservoirs and can considerably enhance drug efficacy. Moreover, despite suppression by T. canis antigens, stimulation of the immune system by the immunomodulator glucan potentiates the effects of these antiparasitic drugs.
Helminths in the wolf, Canis lupus, from north-western Spain
Authors: Segovia J.M. , Torres J. , Miquel J. , Llaneza L. , Feliu C.
Published: April 2024

Fifteen helminth species were collected from 47 wolves (Canis lupus ) which were surveyed from 1993 to 1999 in northwestern Spain. These included the trematode Alaria alata (2.1%); the cestodes Taenia hydatigena (44.7%), T. multiceps (29.8%), T. serialis (2.1%), Dipylidium caninum (6.4%) and Mesocestoides sp. aff. litteratus (4.2%); and the nematodes Pearsonema plica (7.4%), Trichuris vulpis (10.6%), Trichinella britovi (12.8%), Ancylostoma caninum (8.5%), Uncinaria stenocephala (51.1%), Toxocara canis (6.4%) Toxascaris leonina (4.2%), Angiostrongylus vasorum (2.1%) and Dirofilaria immitis (2.1%). Only two wolves were not infected. A single infection occurred in 28.9% of the cases, but the commonest infracommunity (31.1%) involved three species. The helminths Alaria alata, Taenia hydatigena, Mesocestoides sp. aff. litteratus, P. plica, Trichuris vulpis, and Ancylostoma caninum parasitizing C. lupus are reported for the first time in Spain. Taenia serialis and D. immitis are reported for the first time in wolves in Europe. Angiostrongylus vasorum represents a new host record for wolves. The helminth fauna of Spanish wolves is compared with that of other European wolf populations. Some epidemiological considerations of the helminth fauna of wolves in Spain and the health risk to humans are also discussed.
Effect of Gyrodactylus derjavini infections on cortisol production in rainbow trout fry
Authors: Stoltze K. , Buchmann K.
Published: April 2024

Cortisol production in fry of rainbow trout (367–456 mg body weight) infected with the ectoparasitic monogenean Gyrodactylus derjavini (mean intensities 4.7 and 4.9 parasites per fish) was studied at two temperature levels, 4–6°C and 11–12°C, respectively. Due to difficulties in obtaining an adequate amount of plasma from the small sized fish, the corticosteroid concentration was measured in the body fluid recovered (as supernatant) after sonication and centrifugation of whole fry. Infected fry at 11–12°C showed an elevated level of cortisol compared to uninfected fry. However, the cortisol concentration was lower than in fish exposed to handling stress. At 4°C, the cortisol level in infected fish compared to uninfected was insignificantly increased. The findings are discussed in relation to the role of monogeneans as inducers of secondary infections.
A comparative study of toxocariasis and allergic asthma in murine models
Authors: Pinelli E. , Dormans J. , Fonville M. , van der Giessen J.
Published: April 2024

Histopathology of the lung and total IgE in serum were compared in toxocariasis and allergic asthma murine models using BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice. Infection with Toxocara canis resulted in both strains of mice in marked histological changes and increased levels of total serum IgE. The ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization/challenge treatment for the induction of allergic asthma resulted in similar histological changes in BALB/c and, to a less extent, in C57BL/6 mice. Serum IgE levels of OVA-treated C57BL/6 mice were low. Histological changes observed included perivascular infiltration with eosinophils and mononuclear cells, peribronchiolitis, alveolitis and mucus production. Although these changes in addition to increased IgE production did occur in T. canis-infected C57BL/6 mice they were more pronounced in BALB/c mice. Thus, BALB/c mice appear to be the most appropriate strain of mice to perform studies on the possible connection between infection with T. canis and allergic asthma.
Animal models in ocular toxocariasis
Authors: Fenoy S. , Ollero M.D. , Guillén J.L. , del Aguila C.
Published: April 2024

Ocular toxocariasis is a clearly defined disease. However, much remains to be learned concerning the migratory route, ocular changes, diagnosis and treatment. Studies in paratenic hosts have contributed to our understanding and will yield more information. Various experimental animals have been used, such as mice, rabbits, guinea pigs, primates, hamsters and gerbils. Of these, the last appear to be the most appropriate model due to their high susceptibility to ocular infection. Results obtained from different animal models are often not comparable due to the fact that dose and routes of inoculation are diverse. Early stages in the pathogenesis of ocular toxocariasis are manifested by haemorrhages in the anterior chamber and iris, replaced in time by accumulations of white cells. Ocular migration produces an early cell reaction, formed by an infiltration of neutrophils accompanied by vasculitis and retinal microinfarcts. Over a period of time, an increase of macrophages and the distribution of the infiltrates is observed. Later, granulomatous lesions are formed. These do not necessarily contain a larva and their appearance varies in different animal models. Local production of IgE and the presence of specific IgG have been described.
Ar transport and blister growth kinetics in titania-doped germania-based optical coatings
Authors: Lalande Émile , Davenport Aaron , Marchand Lory , Markosyan Ashot , Martinez Daniel , Paolone Annalisa , Rezac Michael , Bazzan Marco , Chicoine Martin , Colaux Julien L , Coulon Matthieu , Fejer Martin M , Lussier Alexandre W , Majorana Ettore , Martinu Ludvik , Menoni Carmen , Michel Christophe , Ricci Fulvio , Schiettekatte François , Shcheblanov Nikita , Smith Joshua R , Teillon Julien , Terwagne Guy , Vajente Gabriele
Published: April 2024

Blistering is a phenomenon sometimes observed in sputtered-deposited thin films but seldom investigated in detail. Here, we consider the case of titania-doped germania (TGO)/silica multilayers deposited by ion beam sputtering. TGO is a candidate as high refractive index material in the Bragg mirrors for the next iteration of gravitational waves detectors. It needs to be annealed at 600 ∘C for 100 h in order to reach the desired relaxation state. However under some growth conditions, in 52-layer TGO/silica stacks, blistering occurs upon annealing at a temperature near 500 ∘C, which corresponds to the temperature where Ar desorbs from TGO. In order to better understand the blistering phenomenon, we measure the Ar transport in single layers of TGO and silica. In the case of

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1 µm-thick TGO layers, the Ar desorption is mainly limited by detrapping. The transport model also correctly predicts the evolution of the total amount of Ar in a 8.5 µm stack of TGO and silica layers annealed at 450 ∘C, but in that case, the process is mainly limited by diffusion. Since Ar diffusion is an order of magnitude slower in TGO compared to silica, we observe a correspondingly strong accumulation of Ar in TGO. The Ar transport model is used to explain some regimes of the blisters growth, and we find indications that Ar accumulation is a driver for their growth in general, but the blisters nucleation remains a complex phenomenon influenced by several other factors including stress, substrate roughness, and impurities.
A hybrid deep learning model for fault diagnosis of rolling bearings using raw vibration signals
Authors: Jiang Liang , Tang Jiahui , Sun Ning , Wang Songlei
Published: April 2024

The fault symptoms of rolling bearings are subject to various interferences in complex industrial environments, so achieving accurate, robust, and generalized fault diagnosis has become a key research direction. This article proposes a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on 1D-Inception-SE, which combines the 1D-Inception network model with Squeeze and Excitation Attention and can directly use the original vibration signals for fault diagnosis. The method incorporates the Adaptive Batch Normalization algorithm to enhance the model’s generalization performance in the presence of noise interference and cross-load diagnostics. Performance tests on Paderborn University Bearing and Case Western Reserve University datasets show that our approach achieves superior recognition accuracy compared to other models under similar and varied loads, as well as different signal to noise ratio. Ablation and visualization tests confirm the rationality and effectiveness of the model structure.
Spatially selective narrow band and broadband absorption in Ag/SiO2/Ag based trilayer thin films by oblique angle deposition of SiO2 layer
Authors: Kar Chinmaya , De Rajnarayan , Jena Shuvendu , Bhakta S , Sahoo P K , Pradhan S , Rao K Divakar , Udupa Dinesh V
Published: April 2024

We have experimentally demonstrated spatially selective absorption in Ag-SiO2-Ag based trilayer thin films by tuning the deposition angle of SiO2 layer. These structures generate cavity resonance which can be tuned across the substrate locations due to spatially selective thickness and refractive index of silicon oxide (SiO2) film sandwiched between metallic silver (Ag) mirrors. Spatially selective property of SiO2 film is obtained by oblique angle deposition technique using an electron beam evaporation system. The resonance wavelength of absorption in this trilayer structure shifts across the substrate locations along the direction of oblique deposition. The extent of shift in resonance increases with increase in angle of deposition of SiO2 layer. 4.14 nm mm−1 average shift of resonance wavelength is observed when SiO2 is deposited at 40° whereas 4.76 nm mm−1 average shift is observed when SiO2 is deposited at 60°. We observed that the width of resonance increases with angle of deposition of the cavity layer and ultimately the resonant absorption disappears and becomes broadband when SiO2 is deposited at glancing angle deposition (GLAD) configuration. Our study reveals that there is a suitable range of oblique angle of deposition from 40° to 60° for higher spatial tunability and resonant absorption whereas the absorption becomes broadband for glancing angle deposition.