bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Melham’s sums for some Lucas polynomial sequences
Authors:   Fuzhou University, Chung Chan-Liang , Zhong Chunmei ,   Fuzhou University
Published: May 2024

A Lucas polynomial sequence is a pair of generalized polynomial sequences that satisfy the Lucas recurrence relation. Special cases include Fibonacci polynomials, Lucas polynomials, and Balancing polynomials. We define the (a,b)-type Lucas polynomial sequences and prove that their Melham’s sums have some interesting divisibility properties. Results in this paper generalize the original Melham’s conjectures.
On certain bounds for the divisor function
Authors:   Babeș-Bolyai University, Sándor József
Published: May 2024

We offer various bounds for the divisor function d(n), in terms of n, or other arithmetical functions.
Proteolytic cleavage and inactivation of the TRMT1 tRNA modification enzyme by SARS-CoV-2 main protease
Authors: Zhang Kejia , Eldin Patrick , Ciesla Jessica H , Briant Laurence , Lentini Jenna M , Ramos Jillian , Cobb Justin , Munger Joshua , Fu Dragony
Published: May 2024

Nonstructural protein 5 (Nsp5) is the main protease of SARS-CoV-2 that cleaves viral polyproteins into individual polypeptides necessary for viral replication. Here, we show that Nsp5 binds and cleaves human tRNA methyltransferase 1 (TRMT1), a host enzyme required for a prevalent post-transcriptional modification in tRNAs. Human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit a decrease in TRMT1 protein levels and TRMT1-catalyzed tRNA modifications, consistent with TRMT1 cleavage and inactivation by Nsp5. Nsp5 cleaves TRMT1 at a specific position that matches the consensus sequence of SARS-CoV-2 polyprotein cleavage sites, and a single mutation within the sequence inhibits Nsp5-dependent proteolysis of TRMT1. The TRMT1 cleavage fragments exhibit altered RNA binding activity and are unable to rescue tRNA modification in TRMT1-deficient human cells. Compared to wild-type human cells, TRMT1-deficient human cells infected with SARS-CoV-2 exhibit reduced levels of intracellular viral RNA. These findings provide evidence that Nsp5-dependent cleavage of TRMT1 and perturbation of tRNA modification patterns contribute to the cellular pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Rab11 suppresses neuronal stress signaling by localizing dual leucine zipper kinase to axon terminals for protein turnover
Authors: Kim Seung Mi , Quagraine Yaw , Singh Monika , Kim Jung Hwan
Published: May 2024

Dual leucine zipper kinase (DLK) mediates multiple neuronal stress responses, and its expression levels are constantly suppressed to prevent excessive stress signaling. We found that Wallenda (Wnd), the Drosophila ortholog of DLK, is highly enriched in the axon terminals of Drosophila sensory neurons in vivo and that this subcellular localization is necessary for Highwire-mediated Wnd protein turnover under normal conditions. Our structure-function analysis found that Wnd palmitoylation is essential for its axon terminal localization. Palmitoylation-defective Wnd accumulated in neuronal cell bodies, exhibited dramatically increased protein expression levels, and triggered excessive neuronal stress responses. Defective intracellular transport is implicated in neurodegenerative conditions. Comprehensive dominant-negative Rab protein screening identified Rab11 as an essential factor for Wnd localization in axon terminals. Consequently, Rab11 loss-of-function increased the protein levels of Wnd and induced neuronal stress responses. Inhibiting Wnd activity significantly ameliorated neuronal loss and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling triggered by Rab11 loss-of-function. Taken together, these suggest that DLK proteins are constantly transported to axon terminals for protein turnover and a failure of such transport can lead to neuronal loss. Our study demonstrates how subcellular protein localization is coupled to protein turnover for neuronal stress signaling.
The tale of capturing Norrin
Authors: Ho Hsin-Yi Henry
Published: May 2024

Detailed binding experiments reveal new insights into the Norrin/Wnt signaling pathway that helps to control vascularization in the retina.
Differences in visuospatial cognition among table tennis players of different skill levels: an event-related potential study
Authors: Chen Kuan-Fu , Chueh Ting-Yu , Hung Tsung-Min
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to examine the influence of sport skill levels on behavioural and neuroelectric performance in visuospatial attention and memory visuospatial tasks were administered to 54 participants, including 18 elite and 18 amateur table tennis players and 18 nonathletes, while event-related potentials were recorded. In all the visuospatial attention and memory conditions, table tennis players displayed faster reaction times than nonathletes, regardless of skill level, although there was no difference in accuracy between groups. In addition, regardless of task conditions, both player groups had a greater P3 amplitude than nonathletes, and elite players exhibited a greater P3 amplitude than amateurs players. The results of this study indicate that table tennis players, irrespective of their skill level, exhibit enhanced visuospatial capabilities. Notably, athletes at the elite level appear to benefit from an augmented allocation of attentional resources when engaging in visuospatial tasks.
The COVID-19 pandemic “anthropause” decreased plastic ingestion in neotropic cormorants Nannopterum brasilianus in Lima, Peru
Authors: Porras-Parra Laura Catalina , Zavalaga Carlos B. , Rios Alvaro
Published: May 2024

Background

The anthropause during the recent COVID-19 pandemic provided a unique opportunity to examine the impact of human activity on seabirds. Lockdowns in Peru prevented people from visiting coastal areas, thereby reducing garbage disposal on beaches and the movement of microplastics into the ocean. This cessation of activities likely led to a temporary decrease in plastic pollution in coastal regions. We aimed to investigate this phenomenon in inshore-feeding neotropic cormorants (Nannopterum brasilianus) along the Circuito de Playas Costa Verde (CPCV), situated on the coastal strip of Lima, Peru (∼ 11 million people).

Methods

We collected and analyzed fresh pellets along the CPCV before (over 11 months) and during the pandemic lockdowns (over 8 months).

Results

Our findings revealed a significant reduction in the occurrence of plastic in pellets during the pandemic period (% Oc = 2.47, n = 647 pellets) compared to pre-pandemic conditions (% Oc = 7.13, n = 800 pellets). The most common plastic debris item found in the pellets was threadlike microplastic. Additionally, our study highlights the direct correlation between human presence on beaches and the quantity of microplastics (mainly threadlike) found in cormorant pellets. We suggest that the reintroduction of these materials into the sea, previously accumulated on the coast, is likely facilitated by the movement and activity of beachgoers toward the ocean.
Seasonal dynamics and environmental drivers of tissue and mucus microbiomes in the staghorn coral Acropora pulchra
Authors: Miller Therese C. , Bentlage Bastian
Published: May 2024

Background

Rainfall-induced coastal runoff represents an important environmental impact in near-shore coral reefs that may affect coral-associated bacterial microbiomes. Shifts in microbiome community composition and function can stress corals and ultimately cause mortality and reef declines. Impacts of environmental stress may be site specific and differ between coral microbiome compartments (e.g., tissue versus mucus). Coastal runoff and associated water pollution represent a major stressor for near-shore reef-ecosystems in Guam, Micronesia.

Methods

Acropora pulchra colonies growing on the West Hagåtña reef flat in Guam were sampled over a period of 8 months spanning the 2021 wet and dry seasons. To examine bacterial microbiome diversity and composition, samples of A. pulchra tissue and mucus were collected during late April, early July, late September, and at the end of December. Samples were collected from populations in two different habitat zones, near the reef crest (farshore) and close to shore (nearshore). Seawater samples were collected during the same time period to evaluate microbiome dynamics of the waters surrounding coral colonies. Tissue, mucus, and seawater microbiomes were characterized using 16S DNA metabarcoding in conjunction with Illumina sequencing. In addition, water samples were collected to determine fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) concentrations as an indicator of water pollution. Water temperatures were recorded using data loggers and precipitation data obtained from a nearby rain gauge. The correlation structure of environmental parameters (temperature and rainfall), FIB concentrations, and A. pulchra microbiome diversity was evaluated using a structural equation model. Beta diversity analyses were used to investigate spatio-temporal trends of microbiome composition.

Results

Acropora pulchra microbiome diversity differed between tissues and mucus, with mucus microbiome diversity being similar to the surrounding seawater. Rainfall and associated fluctuations of FIB concentrations were correlated with changes in tissue and mucus microbiomes, indicating their role as drivers of A. pulchra microbiome diversity. A. pulchra tissue microbiome composition remained relatively stable throughout dry and wet seasons; tissues were dominated by Endozoicomonadaceae, coral endosymbionts and putative indicators of coral health. In nearshore A. pulchra tissue microbiomes, Simkaniaceae, putative obligate coral endosymbionts, were more abundant than in A. pulchra colonies growing near the reef crest (farshore). A. pulchra mucus microbiomes were more diverse during the wet season than the dry season, a distinction that was also associated with drastic shifts in microbiome composition. This study highlights the seasonal dynamics of coral microbiomes and demonstrates that microbiome diversity and composition may differ between coral tissues and the surface mucus layer.
The Efficacy of the Wellness Program in Enhancing the Health of the Teaching and Non-Teaching Staff in Selected Private Higher Educational Institutions (HEIs) in the Second District of Albay
Authors: Roselada Edrose
Published: May 2024

Employees are the most valuable asset that a company may have since they are the foundation of its success. Their overall health must be cared for to perform at their best. Thus, having a wellness program is a great initiative for any organization. This study evaluated the efficacy of wellness programs on the overall health of teaching and non-teaching staff in selected Private Higher Educational Institutions (PHEIs) in the Second District of Albay. Multimethod design was utilized using structured interviews and survey questionnaires administered to the 192 participants. Findings revealed that the wellness program of the PHEIs has a common purpose and that the activities offered to the staff were also similar. The provision of incentives for employees' improvement is found missing but necessary. The wellness program and physical and mental health were moderately efficient. Although there were some correlations and non-correlations among the respondents regarding the effectiveness of the wellness program on their physical and mental health, these were not statistically significant. Top 3 challenges met by the respondents were lack of engagement, no incentives or awards, and no employee wellness policy. Suggested wellness programs may be adopted and implemented by the three private HEIs under study and other HEIs in the province.
Can Menstrual Cycle Length Predict Cardiovascular Risk in Healthy Indian Females? A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Vashishta Shilpi , Kumar Manish , Bhat Shilpi , Muthukrishnan Shobitha , Gahlot Sushila
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Several studies show that variations in the length of the menstrual cycle significantly affect lipid and C-Reactive Protein (CRP) parameters. There is an acute paucity of literature comparing lipid profiles and CRP in women with short and prolonged menstrual cycle length in the absence of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) and other gynaecological conditions. Aim: To determine the lipid profile and CRP levels in women with short and prolonged menstrual cycle length and compare them with women with a normal menstrual cycle length to identify women at cardiovascular risk. Materials and Methods: The association of lipid and CRP parameters with menstrual cycle length was evaluated in the present cross-sectional study involving 226 women aged 15- 45 years selected from GSMCH, Patiala, Punjab, India, from May 2014 to December 2018. Based on a questionnaire about menstrual bleeding, healthy females were divided into three groups: women with short, normal, and long menstrual cycles. A menstrual cycle length of 24-38 days was considered normal. Lipid profile and CRP were analysed during the menstrual phase of the female monthly cycle in women with short, normal, and prolonged cycles, and the results were statistically analysed using one-way ANOVA. A p-value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 111 (49%) of the 226 females had a normal menstrual cycle duration, whereas the remaining 38 (17%) and 77 (34%) had short and lengthy cycles, respectively. Mean levels of Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglycerides (TG), Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), Very Low-Density Lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL), lipid ratio, and CRP increased in women with short and long menstrual cycles compared to women with normal menstrual cycles. This increase was significant for TC, TG, VLDL, TC/HDL, and TG/HDL ratios, while HDL was significantly lower (p<0.05). Conclusion: Women with short and long menstrual cycles have a higher risk of developing Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) in the coming years compared to women with a normal menstrual cycle length.
Exploring the Legitimisation of Cannabis: A Narrative Review of Historical Uses, Legislative Changes and Medical Implication
Authors: Raj Priyanshu , Sapkale Bhagyesh , Jogdand Sangita
Published: May 2024

The exploration of cannabis, particularly its legitimisation and multifaceted uses, is pivotal in understanding its historical significance, chemical composition, therapeutic potential, and societal implications. This narrative review traverses millennia of cannabis usage for medicinal, recreational, and spiritual purposes, juxtaposed with contemporary legislative shifts, notably in the United States. As perceptions evolve, especially with state-level legalisation contrasting federal prohibition, the review scrutinises the burgeoning use of cannabis products, particularly among youth, and the evolving regulatory frameworks. Neurological effects of cannabis use, including impacts on brain structure and function, are examined alongside potential benefits and risks in various medical contexts. Challenges in conducting rigorous clinical research, primarily due to legal and pharmaceutical constraints, are outlined. The review delves into the complexities of cannabis usage during pregnancy and the conflicting scientific data, presenting challenges in advising expectant mothers. Cannabis’ diverse applications in treating various disorders, ranging from chronic pain to neurological conditions, are explored, shedding light on the potential benefits and limitations. The review highlights the pharmacological dynamics and clinical implications of cannabis-based therapies, emphasising the need for further research to elucidate their efficacy and long-term safety comprehensively. Moreover, the review discusses the pros and cons of CB therapy with high-Cannabidiol (CBD) medicinal cannabis, addressing challenges such as product quality, safety concerns, potential psychoactive effects, drug interactions, and limited research. It underscores the importance of informed decision-making and personalised guidance in navigating the complexities of CB therapy. In conclusion, while cannabis exhibits a wide range of potential medical applications, further research is essential to fully comprehend its therapeutic potential and weigh the associated risks. The review contributes to informed discourse and evidence-based policymaking, emphasising the need for continued research to unlock the full potential of cannabis in healthcare.
Mathematical Model for Mitigating the Community Spread of COVID – 19 in Afikpo North LGA of Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Nlia Oko , Dachollom Sambo , Uchechi Isienyi Sunday
Published: May 2024

To mitigate the dynamics of covid-19 in Afikpo North Local Government Area of Ebonyi State in Nigeria, a mathematical model which incorporates the key compartment and parameters regarding covid-19 in Afikpo LGA. of Ebonyi State Nigeria is formulated. The basic reproduction number is obtained using the next generation matrix, while the diseasefree equilibrium is found to be locally stable and globally asymptomatically stable when Ro < 1. The model in calibrated using data obtained from Nigeria centre for Disease Control (NCDC) in Ebonyi State and key parameters of the model are estimated, sensitivity analysis is carried out to investigate the influence of the parameters in mitigating the disease. Our analytical and simulation results in Ebonyi State between March 2023 and October 19, 2023, are in good agreement. Mitigation strategies and its effectiveness in reducing the spread of covid-19 across Afikpo North LGA are considered.
An Introduction to Automotive Engine Combustion Modeling
Authors: Wei Zhang
Published: May 2024

Combustion model is the key basic part of the progress of internal combustion engine technology, and it is a major direction of the future research of internal combustion engine technology. This paper mainly analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of each of the five combustion models, ECFM, ECFM-3Z, SAGE, G-Equation, FGM, CTC and SHELL, and analyzes their respective advantages and disadvantages, as well as the most applicable types of internal combustion engines.
Efficient and Inexpensive Bio Adsorbent for the Removal of Safranine: Kinetic and Isotherm Study
Authors: Badhe Dhanashri Sharad , Jagtap Pratiksha Vittal , Sonar Jayant Prabhakar , Pardeshi Sandeep Dilipsing
Published: May 2024

Alstonia Scholaris leaves after treatment with 0.01 M NaOH was used for the adsorptive removal of safranine. As the initial safranine concentration increases from 20 mg/L to 80 mg/L the dye removal increases up to 91 % in 60 min contact time at optimum pH of 8. Pseudo second order model and Freundlich isotherm was followed by the adsorption experimental data.
Influence of Planting Dates on Survival and Growth Parameters of Two Jamun (Syzygium cumini) Cultivars: ‘Goma Priyanka’ and ‘Ra Jamun’
Authors: Priyanka  , Singh Devi , Wesley C. Jhon
Published: May 2024

The present investigation was carried out in randomized block design with 10 treatment, which were replicated thrice. The treatments were T1 (Goma priyanka + 30 January), T2 (Goma priyanka + 15 February), T3 (Goma priyanka + 1 march), T4 (Goma priyanka + 15 march), T5 (Goma priyanka + 30 march), T6 (Ra jamun + 30 January), T7 (Ra jamun + 15 February),T8 (Ra jamun + 1 march),T9 (Ra jamun + 15 march),T10 (Ra jamun + 30 march). The experiment was carried out with an objective to study the impact of different planting dates on establishment and growth of jamun under prayagraj agro-climatic condition. On the basis of our experimental finding it can be concluded that the best date of planting for jamun was 15th of march. The best variety for prayagraj agro climatic condition was found to be Goma Priyanaka. Ultimately on the basis of our overall finding it can be concluded that when Goma Priyanka was planted at 15th march gives the best result in terms of vegetative growth of the jamun plant.
Familial cardiac valvulopathy due to filamin A mutation
Authors: Bernstein Jonathan A. , Bernstein Daniel , Hehr Ute , Hudgins Louanne
Published: August 2011

We report on the clinical findings in siblings affected by the recently characterized X‐linked form of hereditary cardiac valvular dystrophy or cardiac valve disease (OMIM 314400) due to mutations in the FLNA gene and review the literature on this condition. Although FLNA related cardiac valve disease is presumed to be a rare disorder, it is likely underdiagnosed. Several features of this condition may aid in its identification. FLNA related valvular disease can be recognized on the basis of its distinctive inheritance, early age of onset, and frequent multi‐valve involvement. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Exchange of helicity in a knotted electromagnetic field
Authors: Arrayás M. , Trueba J.L.
Published: August 2011

There are solutions of Maxwell equations in vacuum in which the magnetic and the electric lines have a nontrivial topology. This behaviour has physical consequences since it is related to classical expressions indicating aspects of the photon content of the electromagnetic field. In this work we present for the first time an exact solution of Maxwell equations in vacuum, having non trivial topology, in which there is an exchange of helicity between the electric and magnetic part of such field. We calculate the temporal evolution of the magnetic and electric helicities, and explain the exchange of helicity making use of the Chern‐Simon form. We also have found and explained that, as time goes to infinity, both helicities reach the same value and the exchange between the magnetic and electric part of the field stops.
Visualization of protein digestion in the midgut of the acarid mite Lepidoglyphus destructor
Authors: Erban Tomas , Hubert Jan
Published: August 2011

The ingestion of chromogenic or fluorescent substrates for protease detection enables the visualization of digestive processes in mites in vivo due to their transparent bodies. The substrates for protease detection were offered to Lepidoglyphus destructor, and the resulting signals were observed in specimens under a compound microscope. The protease activity was successfully localized using chromogenic substrates (azoalbumin, AAPpNA, SAAPFpNA, elastin–orcein, SA3pNA, ZRRpNA, ArgpNA, and MAAPMpNA) and fluorescent substrates (casein–fluorescein, albumin–fluorescein, AAPAMC, BAAMC, ZRRAMC, ArgAMC, and AGPPPAMC). No activity was detected using the keratin azure and BApNA substrates. In the mesodeum, trypsin‐like activity generated by hydrolysis of the BApNA substrate was not observed, but the BAAMC substrate allowed the visualization of trypsin‐like activity in food boli in the posterior mesodeum. The results indicate that cathepsins B, D, and G and cathepsin H or aminopeptidase‐like activities are present in the midgut of L. destructor. Among these activities, cathepsin D‐like activity was identified for the first time in the gut of L. destructor. All proteases mentioned are produced in the mesodeal lumen and form the food bolus together with ingested food, afterward passing through the gut to be defecated. The method used enables the visualization of protease activities in the gut of transparent animals. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Zur Beanspruchung von Schrägankern infolge des Herstellvorganges bei als Wasserbaustelle hergestellten Kaianlagen
Authors: Henke Sascha , Grabe Jürgen
Published: August 2011

Kaianlagen im norddeutschen Raum werden häufig als Pfahlrostkonstruktion ausgeführt. Hierbei werden zunächst die Schräganker installiert. Anschließend erfolgt in unmittelbarer Nähe die Rammung der vertikalen Kaiplattenpfähle, so dass eine Beeinflussung der zuvor gerammten Schräganker durch die kreuzend gerammten Pfähle zu erwarten ist.

In diesem Beitrag werden messtechnische Untersuchungen zum Einfluss der Rammung kreuzender Pfähle auf Schrägpfähle vorgestellt. Es wurden bereits ähnliche Messungen während des Baus des Containerterminal CT4 in Bremerhaven durchgeführt. Hierbei wurden die Beschleunigungen am Schrägpfahl während der Rammung der vertikalen Pfähle erfasst. Im Rahmen der Erweiterung des dritten Liegeplatzes des Predöhlkais in Hamburg wurde dieses Messprogramm um Messungen der Dehnungen in der Ankerachse, der Total‐ und Porenwasserdrücke ober‐ und unterhalb der Flansche und der Durchbiegung vor und nach der Rammung ergänzt, um einen Einblick in die auftretenden Mechanismen, die zu einer Schrägankerdeformation infolge der Rammung der kreuzenden Pfähle führen, zu gewinnen.

Die Ergebnisse dieses Messprogrammes werden in diesem Beitrag zusammengestellt und hinsichtlich der Mechanismen, die bei der Rammung kreuzender Pfähle zu wiederholt messtechnisch ermittelten Zusatzverformungen führen, interpretiert.

On the loading of inclined piles at quay walls constructed as water building sites due to construction works. Quay walls in northern Germany are often constructed as pile grillages. In these constructions first the inclined piles are installed. Afterwards, directly next to these piles vertical piles are driven such that these vertical piles influence the before installed inclined piles.

In this contribution, in‐situ measurements to investigate the influence of the installation of intersecting piles on inclined piles are presented. As already published during the construction of the container terminal CT4 in Bremerhaven dynamic measurments have been conducted investigating the accelerations at the inclined pile due to the vertical pile installation. In the framework of the enhancement of the third berth of the Predöhlkai in Hamburg, this measurement programme has been expanded by measurement of strains in the anchor axis, of total and pore water pressures at the flanges of the anchor and measurements of the deflection of the flap‐anchors.

The results of the measurements are discussed with respect to the mechanisms which lead to the measured deflections of inclined piles due the installation of intersecting vertical piles in quay wall constructions.
Windkanaluntersuchungen für rechnerische Nachweise über die Normung hinaus am Beispiel von Glockenturmschwingungen
Authors: Kuhlmann Wolfram , Engel Melanie , Lieb Rolf‐Dieter , Boller Uta
Published: August 2011

Aus der Literatur und zahlreichen Windkanalversuchen ist bekannt, dass nicht nur für Hochhäuser, sondern auch für Kirchtürme die Ansätze der gängigen Windlastnormen die anzusetzenden Windlasten deutlich überschätzen. Dabei wird normgemäß von konstanten Druckverhältnissen auf der Luv‐ und Lee‐Seite ausgegangen, was im Vergleich zur realen Verteilung der Drücke um den Turm dazu führt, dass die resultierenden Kraftbeiwerte deutlich zu hoch ermittelt werden. Für Luxemburg zum Beispiel ergibt sich die zusätzliche Schwierigkeit, dass keine eigene Windlastnorm vorliegt und die Arbeiten an einem nationalen Anhang zum Eurocode 1 Teil 4 [1] gerade erst begonnen haben. In diesem Artikel wird daher erläutert, wie die für die Windlastberechnung maßgebenden Eingangsdaten durch statistische Auswertungen von Wetterdaten und Windkanalmessungen für den Einzelfall präzisiert werden können. Damit ist es möglich, vorhandene Reserven für den Standsicherheitsnachweis zu nutzen. Dieses Vorgehen wird anhand eines Projektbeispiels demonstriert.

Wind tunnel investigations for calculational proofs beyond standardization using the example of bell tower vibrations. From the literature and numerous wind tunnel experiments it is known that not only for high rise buildings, but also for church towers the approaches of the established codes overestimate considerably the resulting wind loads. According to the codes constant pressure distributions on the windward and the leeward side are assumed which lead in comparison to the real distribution of the pressures around the tower to significantly too large wind force coefficients. For Luxembourg for example the additional difficulty arises that no national code for wind loads exists and that the work on a national appendix for the Eurocode 1 part 4 [1] has only just begun. In this article it is therefore explained how the relevant input data for the calculation of the wind loads can be determined more precisely by statistical analyses and wind tunnel measurements for the individual case. With this approach it is possible to make use of existing resources for the proof of the structural safety. A case study illustrates this procedure.
Dark age of sourcing cadavers in developing countries: A Nigerian survey
Authors: Anyanwu G.E. , Udemezue O.O. , Obikili E.N.
Published: August 2011

Throughout the history of medical science, the sourcing, storage, and management of cadavers for the study of gross anatomy have been problematic issues. As presented in this report, a study of these issues was conducted in the departments of anatomy of medical schools in Nigeria. To establish the extent and depth of the prevailing difficulties in the sourcing of cadavers, 18 (62.1%) of the Departments of Anatomy that qualified for this study were used. In sum, 94.4% of these schools reported an inadequate number of cadavers for study. The estimated ages of the cadavers were between 20 and 40 years and 85% of the schools reported more than 75% of the cadavers to be from the lower socioeconomic class. Altogether, 94.4% of the schools reported a male dominance of more than 95%. More than 72% of the schools reported that more than 90% of the cadavers were criminals that had been killed by shooting, less than 10% were unclaimed and unidentified corpses, and 0% originated from body bequest. No form of screening exercises for diseases and infective microorganisms was noted for all the schools, and there were no set standards for the acceptance or rejection of cadavers. Causative factors for the profile of available cadavers such as culture and religion were noted. This study was designed to look at various issues associated with the sourcing of cadavers for Anatomy education in typical developing African countries like Nigeria. As outlined in this report, the creation of legislation and the promotion and funding of programs highlighting the importance of body donation are crucial for improving the field of medical education. Clin. Anat. 24:831–836, 2011. © 2011 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
ChemInform Abstract: Interplay of Magnetism and Bonding in GaV4‐xCrxSe8.
Authors: Bichler Daniel , Johrendt Dirk
Published: August 2011

Title solid solutions with x = 0—4 are prepared by reaction of stoichiometric mixtures of the elements (silica tubes, Ar, 10223 K, 12 h) and characterized by powder and single crystal XRD, electric and magnetic measurements, and DFT calculations.
ChemInform Abstract: Vibrational Origin of the Thermal Stability in the High‐Performance Piezoelectric Material GaAsO4.
Authors: Cambon O. , Bhalerao G. M. , Bourgogne D. , Haines J. , Hermet P. , Keen D. A. , Tucker M. G.
Published: August 2011

Structure and dynamic disorder of the title compound are studied by total neutron scattering coupled with reverse Monte Carlo modeling.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline‐Earth Metal Hydrides as Novel Host Lattices for EuII Luminescence.
Authors: Kunkel Nathalie , Kohlmann Holger , Sayede Adlane , Springborg Michael
Published: August 2011

EuxM1‐x (M: Ca, Sr, Ba) alloys are synthesized by melting the elements in Nb ampules and subsequently hydrogenated to EuxM1‐xH2 (autoclave, 270 bar H2, 500 K).
ChemInform Abstract: Emergence of Room‐Temperature Magnetic Ordering in Artificially Fabricated Ordered‐Double‐Perovskite Sr2FeRuO6.
Authors: Chang Jaewan , Lee Kyujoon , Jung Myung Hwa , Kwon Ji‐Hwan , Kim Miyoung , Kim Sang‐Koog
Published: August 2011

An ordered double perovskite Sr2FeRuO6 thin film is fabricated by alternate stacking of unit‐cell‐thick layers of SrRuO3 and SrFeO3 (≥55 periods) on atomically flat Ti4+‐terminated SrTiO3 substrates using pulsed laser deposition.
ChemInform Abstract: Peculiarity of Component Interaction in {Y, Dy}—Mn—Sn Ternary Systems.
Authors: Romaka V. V. , Konyk M. , Romaka L. , Pavlyuk V. , Ehrenberg H. , Tkachuk A.
Published: August 2011

Phase equilibria in the Y—Mn—Sn and Dy—Mn—Sn ternary systems are characterized at 770 K over the whole concentration range.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Liquid‐Enhanced Photooxidation of Water Using the Polyoxometalate Anion [P2W18O62]6‐ as the Sensitizer.
Authors: Bernardini Gianluca , Zhao Chuan , Wedd Anthony G. , Bond Alan M.
Published: August 2011

The photochemistry of K6[P2W18O62] is studied in the presence of water and the aprotic ionic liquid (bmim)[BF4] and the protic ionic liquid diethanolamine hydrogen sulfate.
ChemInform Abstract: Functionalization of Borate Networks by the Incorporation of Fluoride: Syntheses, Crystal Structures, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Actinide Fluoroborates.
Authors: Wang Shuao , Alekseev Evgeny V. , Diwu Juan , Miller Hannah M. , Oliver Allen G. , Liu Guokui , Depmeier Wulf , Albrecht‐Schmitt Thomas E.
Published: August 2011

The structures of the new uranyl and neptunyl fluoroborates are determined by single crystal XRD.
ChemInform Abstract: Neutral Tellurium Rings in the Coordination Polymers [Ru(Te9)](InCl4)2, [Ru(Te8)]Cl2, and [Rh(Te6)]Cl3.
Authors: Guenther Anja , Isaeva Anna , Baranov Alexey I. , Ruck Michael
Published: August 2011

Shiny black, air‐insensitive crystals of the novel title compounds are obtained from appropriate melts of Ru (Rh), Te, TeCl4, and In in the case of [Ru(Te9)](InCl4)2 (evacuated silica tube, 300—320 °C, 7 d).
ChemInform Abstract: The Versatile Roles of Ammonium Salt Catalysts in Enantioselective Reduction and Alkylation of α,β‐Unsaturated Aldehydes: Iminium Catalysis, Enamine Catalysis and Acid Catalysis.
Authors: Xiang Shi‐Kai , Zhang Bo , Zhang Li‐He , Cui Yuxin , Jiao Ning
Published: August 2011

The reduction of cinnamaldehydes with Hantzsch ester and a subsequent reaction of intermediate saturated aldehydes with a carbocation generated from alcohols such as (II) and (VII) leads to desired adducts in high yields and good enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Modification of Pseudo‐C3‐Symmetric Trisoxazoline and Its Application to the Friedel—Crafts Alkylation of Indoles and Pyrrole with Alkylidene Malonates.
Authors: Zhou You‐Yun , Sun Xiu‐Li , Zhu Ben‐Hu , Zheng Jun‐Cheng , Zhou Jiao‐Long , Tang Yong
Published: August 2011

The new pseudo‐C3‐symmetric hetero‐trisoxazolines are prepared on a gram scale and in combination with copper triflate applied to the asymmetric Friedel—Crafts alkylation of both indoles (II) and pyrrole (V) with alkylidene malonates (I) and (IV), respectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhodium‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Formal Olefination or Cycloaddition: 1,3‐Dicarbonyl Compounds Reacting with 1,6‐Diynes or 1,6‐Enynes.
Authors: Suda Takeshi , Noguchi Keiichi , Tanaka Ken
Published: August 2011

The title reaction of diynes with β‐ketoesters proceeds in most cases with high (Z)‐selectivity and enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Selective Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Aminonitroxylation of Alkenes.
Authors: Chen Shujun , Wu Tao , Liu Guosheng , Zhen Xingliang
Published: August 2011

In the intramolecular oxidative aminonitroxylation of unactivated alkenes AgNO3 acts as a mild nitrate additive in the presence of Ph‐I(O‐Ac)2.
ChemInform Abstract: Electrophilic Carbocyclization of Hydroxylated Enynes.
Authors: Yang Fang , Ji Ke‐Gong , Zhu Hai‐Tao , Shaukat Ali , Liu Xue‐Yuan , Liang Yong‐Min
Published: August 2011

An iodonium‐induced internal carbocyclization of hydroxylated enynes is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Novel Rhenium(I) Catalysts for the Isomerization of Propargylic Alcohols into α,β‐Unsaturated Carbonyl Compounds: An Unprecedented Recyclable Catalytic System in Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Garcia‐Alvarez Joaquin , Diez Josefina , Gimeno Jose , Seifried Christine M.
Published: August 2011

The Meyer‐Schuster rearrangement of secondary (I) and tertiary (III) propargylic alcohols is achieved employing a rhenium carbonyl catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Diastereoselective Catalytic Hydrogenations of Imines Using B(C6F5)3.
Authors: Heiden Zachariah M. , Stephan Douglas W.
Published: August 2011

The hydrogenation of chiral imines in the presence of tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane as catalyst is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Tandem Morita—Baylis—Hillman/Double Cross‐Aldol Reaction Between Cyclic Enones and Formaldehyde Promoted by N‐Methylpyrrolidine.
Authors: Guerra Krassimira P. , Afonso Carlos A. M.
Published: August 2011

A domino Morita—Baylis—Hillman cross‐aldol addition reaction in water with cyclic enones and aldehydes is presented.
ChemInform Abstract: Homocoupling of Terminal Alkynes Catalyzed by Ultrafine Copper Nanoparticles on Titania.
Authors: Alonso Francisco , Melkonian Taki , Moglie Yanina , Yus Miguel
Published: August 2011

A wide range of aromatic or aliphatic diynes are prepared in the presence of only 1 mol% Cu nanoparticles on TiO2.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of α,α‐Dialkylmalonates by Phase‐Transfer Catalytic Desymmetrization.
Authors: Hong Suckchang , Lee Jihye , Kim Minsik , Park Yohan , Park Cheonhyoung , Kim Mi‐hyun , Jew Sang‐sup , Park Hyeung‐geun
Published: August 2011

The asymmetric phase‐transfer catalytic α‐alkylation of sterically hindered α‐alkylmalonates (I) gives α,α‐dialkylmalonates (III) with up to 99% yield and up to 97% e.e.
ChemInform Abstract: A Green Chemistry Method for the Regeneration of Carbonyl Compounds from Oximes by Using Cupric Chloride Dihydrate as a Recoverable Promoter for Hydrolysis.
Authors: Quan Na , Shi Xiao‐Xin , Nie Liang‐Deng , Dong Jing , Zhu Rui‐Heng
Published: August 2011

Aldoximes and ketoximes undergo smooth hydrolysis by treatment with cupric salts in aqueous acetonitrile to afford the corresponding carbonyl compounds in high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjugate Addition of Lithium N‐Phenyl‐N‐(α‐methylbenzyl)amide: Application to the Asymmetric Synthesis of (R)‐(‐)‐Angustureine.
Authors: Bentley Scott A. , Davies Stephen G. , Lee James A. , Roberts Paul M. , Thomson James E.
Published: August 2011

It is found that addition of lithium N‐phenyl‐N‐(α‐methylbenzyl)amide to various α,β‐unsaturated methoxyphenyl esters provides β‐amino esters with excellent diastereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereoselective Synthesis of Functionalized 1,3‐Dienes in Water.
Authors: Rostami Charati Faramarz , Hossaini Zinatossadat , Moghaddasi‐Kouchaksaraei Fatemeh , Hajinasiri Rahimeh
Published: August 2011

The reaction is conducted under mild and environmentally benign conditions.
ChemInform Abstract: Regioselective Functionalization of Glycerol with a Dithiocarbamate Moiety: An Environmentally Friendly Route to Safer Fungicides.
Authors: De Sousa Rodolphe , Thurier Cyril , Len Christophe , Pouilloux Yannick , Barrault Joel , Jerome Francois
Published: August 2011

The advantages of the presented method for the synthesis of the compounds (IV) are amongst others the use of glycerol as a renewable raw material, the possibility of recycling NaOH and the excess of glycerol which is used as solvent, and to scale‐up the reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: 1,2,3‐Triazole Bound Au(I) (TA‐Au) as Chemoselective Catalysts in Promoting Asymmetric Synthesis of Substituted Allenes.
Authors: Wang Dawei , Gautam Lekh Nath S. , Bollinger Cynthia , Harris Aleksandra , Li Minyong , Shi Xiaodong
Published: August 2011

The Au complex (AUC) is found to be an efficient and chemoselective catalyst for the rearrangement of propargylic esters and ethers into allenes.
ChemInform Abstract: Ruthenium‐Catalyzed One‐Pot Aromatic Secondary Amine Formation from Nitroarenes and Alcohols.
Authors: Liu Yong , Chen Wen , Feng Chao , Deng Guojun
Published: August 2011

The title reaction leads to aromatic secondary amines in high yields using an n excess of benzylic and aliphatic alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Gold Catalysis: Products and Intermediates Obtained from N‐Propargylcarboxamides Bearing Additional Substituents on Nitrogen.
Authors: Hashmi A. Stephen K. , Molinari Lise , Rominger Frank , Oeser Thomas
Published: August 2011

Allylammonium salts are generated by a new gold‐catalyzed isomerization of N‐propargylcarboxamides.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Aldol‐Tishchenko Reaction Catalyzed by Yb‐Complexes with Basic Amino Acid‐Derived Ligands.
Authors: Stodulski Maciej , Maminska Agnieszka , Mlynarski Jacek
Published: August 2011

The title reaction of aromatic aldehydes with aliphatic ketones affords 1,3‐diols with complete 1,2‐anti‐1,3‐anti diastereoselectivity and enantioselectivities up to 50%.
ChemInform Abstract: Organocatalytic Chemoselective Asymmetric N‐Allylic Alkylation of Enamides.
Authors: Huang Ji‐Rong , Cui Hai‐Lei , Lei Jie , Sun Xun‐Hao , Chen Ying‐Chun
Published: August 2011

The first chemoselective asymmetric N‐allylic alkylation of enamides (I) and (IV) with Morita—Baylis—Hillman carbonates (II) by the metal‐free catalysis of modified cinchona alkaloids is described.
ChemInform Abstract: Aminocarbonyl Arylvinylbenzamides as Gastric Sparing Antiinflammatory Agents.
Authors: Khadse Saurabh C. , Talele Gokul S. , Agrawal Surendra S.
Published: August 2011

A variety of the title arylvinylbenzamides (III) (15 examples) is synthesized by nucleophilic ring opening of corresponding azlactones with amines.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient Approach to Alkenyl Nitriles from Allyl Esters.
Authors: Zhou Wang , Xu Jiaojiao , Zhang Liangren , Jiao Ning
Published: August 2011

This novel cascade approach from allyl esters to alkenyl nitriles utilizes a tandem Pd‐catalyzed substitution and a subsequent oxidative rearrangement.
ChemInform Abstract: Cross‐Coupling of Aryl/Alkenyl Ethers with Aryl Grignard Reagents Through Nickel‐Catalyzed C—O Activation.
Authors: Xie Lan‐Gui , Wang Zhong‐Xia
Published: August 2011

The method displays a broad substrate scope and leads to good or excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Pd‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Hydrogenation of C=C Bond of α,β‐Unsaturated Ketones.
Authors: Wang Duo‐Sheng , Wang Da‐Wei , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: August 2011

The homogenous enantioselective hydrogenation of unsaturated ketones is achieved by using a palladium trifluoroacetate/spiroindane complex as catalyst under ambient hydrogen pressure, thus affording a straight access to ketones with a chiral center at the β‐position.
ChemInform Abstract: Direct Organocatalytic Asymmetric Approach to Baylis—Hillman‐Type Products Through a Push—Pull Dienamine Platform.
Authors: Ramachary Dhevalapally B. , Ramakumar Kinthada
Published: August 2011

Hagemanns esters such as (I) or (V) and β‐nitrostyrenes undergo a chemo‐, regio‐ and enantioselective reaction in the presence of a dual chiral pyrrolidine/thiourea catalytic system.
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalytic Reactions Using Lewis Acids and Organocatalysts: Enantioselective Propargylic Alkylation of Propargylic Alcohols Bearing an Internal Alkyne with Aldehydes.
Authors: Motoyama Kazuki , Ikeda Masahiro , Miyake Yoshihiro , Nishibayashi Yoshiaki
Published: August 2011

An optically active secondary amine is used as co‐catalyst in the title reaction affording the corresponding propargylic alkylated products in high yields as a mixture of two diastereoisomers with high enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Design and Synthesis of α,β‐Epoxyketones as New Anticancer Agents.
Authors: Ma Zhengyue , Zhang Xinghua , Wang Shikui , He Yang , Yang Gengliang , Li Beilei , Yang Junjie , Lu Yuejuan , Sun Jiewei
Published: August 2011

Darzens condensation under optimized conditions gives novel α,β‐epoxyketones (III) and (V) which are evaluated for their anticancer activity in vitro.
ChemInform Abstract: N‐Heterocyclic Carbene Containing Element Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Organocatalysts.
Authors: Rose Marcus , Notzon Andreas , Heitbaum Maja , Nickerl Georg , Paasch Silvia , Brunner Eike , Glorius Frank , Kaskel Stefan
Published: August 2011

The immobilization of a bifunctional imidazolium linker in highly crosslinked element organic framework materials by Suzuki coupling with tetrafunctional boronic acid linkers is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Regioselective Synthesis of 2,3,5‐Trisubstituted Furans via Phosphine‐Catalyzed Ring‐Opening Cycloisomerization Reactions of Cyclopropenyl Dicarboxylates.
Authors: Chen Jie , Ni Shengjun , Ma Shengming
Published: August 2011

The regioselective synthesis of trisubstituted furans (II) is achieved via phosphine‐catalyzed ring‐opening cycloisomerization reactions of the functionalized cyclopropenyl carboxylates (I) with moderate to very good yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Debenzylative Cyclization of Amines. Butyrolactams from Benzylamines Having a Chloroacetylene Moiety.
Authors: Oh Yun Taek , Senda Kousuke , Hata Takeshi , Urabe Hirokazu
Published: August 2011

Optimized conditions are developed for sequential selective debenzylation, cyclization and hydrolysis to afford N‐substituted butyrolactams from easily available substrates.
ChemInform Abstract: meta‐Selective Substitution of Phenols with Indoles via One‐Pot Oxidative Dearomatization—Michael Addition—Aromatization.
Authors: Ye Yang , Wang Hua , Fan Renhua
Published: August 2011

The oxidative coupling strategy involves a hypervalent organoiodine‐induced oxidative dearomatization of p‐substituted phenols, Broensted acid‐catalyzed Michael addition with indoles, and subsequent aromatization, providing access to meta indole‐substituted phenol derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Rh2(III)‐Catalyzed Nitro‐Group Migration Reactions: Selective Synthesis of 3‐Nitroindoles from β‐Nitro Styryl Azides.
Authors: Stokes Benjamin J. , Liu Sheng , Driver Tom G.
Published: August 2011

Rhodium(II) carboxylate complexes catalyze the migration of electron‐withdrawing groups to enable the selective formation of 3‐substituted indoles such as (II), (V), (VIII) or (X) from β‐substituted styryl azides.
ChemInform Abstract: Unprecedented ipso Aromatic Nucleophilic Substitution upon Oxidative Decarboxylation of Tris(p‐carboxytetrathiaaryl)methyl (TAM) Radicals: A New Access to Diversely Substituted TAM Radicals.
Authors: Decroos Christophe , Prange Thierry , Mansuy Daniel , Boucher Jean‐Luc , Li Yun
Published: August 2011

Whereas nucleophiles (II) and (IV) and (VI) only afford the mono‐substitution products (III) and (V), respectively, under identical reaction conditions NaNO2 gives rise to the formation of the corresponding tri‐nitro TAM radical (VII).
ChemInform Abstract: One Pot Spiropyrazoline Synthesis via Intramolecular Cyclization/Methylation.
Authors: Dadiboyena Sureshbabu , Hamme Ashton T. II
Published: August 2011

1,3‐Dipolar cycloaddition of alkenes (I) or (VII) with a nitrile imine derived from hydrazinoyl chloride (II) gives products (III) and (VIII).
ChemInform Abstract: Intramolecular Diels—Alder Chemistry of 4‐Vinylimidazoles.
Authors: He Yong , Krishnamoorthy Pasupathy , Lima Heather M. , Chen Yingzhong , Wu Haiyan , Sivappa Rasapalli , Dias H. V. Rasika , Lovely Carl J.
Published: August 2011

The intramolecular Diels—Alder cycloaddition of amide‐, ester‐ or ether‐tethered dienylimidazoles is studied concerning the influence of the nature of tether and N‐protecting groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Stereodivergent Direct Catalytic Asymmetric Mannich‐Type Reactions of α‐Isothiocyanato Ester with Ketimines.
Authors: Lu Gang , Yoshino Tatsuhiko , Morimoto Hiroyuki , Matsunaga Shigeki , Shibasaki Masakatsu
Published: August 2011

The reaction results in formation of thioxoimidazolidines as a mixture of diastereoisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Combining Gold(I)/Gold(III) Catalysis and C—H Functionalization: A Formal Intramolecular [3 + 2] Annulation Towards Tricyclic Indolines and Mechanistic Studies.
Authors: Zhang Guozhu , Luo Yingdong , Wang Yanzhao , Zhang Liming
Published: August 2011

Tricyclic indolines are obtained by the present new intramolecular [3+2] annulation between a vinyl group and an aniline moiety using Selectfluor as oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Samarium Iodobinaphtholate: An Efficient Catalyst for Enantioselective Aza‐Michael Additions of O‐Benzylhydroxylamine to N‐Alkenoyloxazolidinones.
Authors: Didier Dorian , Meddour Abdelkrim , Bezzenine‐Lafollee Sophie , Collin Jacqueline
Published: August 2011

The title axially chiral samarium compound selectively catalyzes the formation of aza‐Michael adducts with up to 88% enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Regioselective Synthesis of 3‐Benzylthiazolo[3,2‐a]indoles by Sequential Sonogashira Coupling Followed by Triethylamine‐Induced Cyclization.
Authors: Majumdar K. C. , Nath Sanjay
Published: August 2011

A regioselective method for the synthesis of the title compounds such as (III) and (V) is developed.