bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PESQUISA, ENSINO E SOCIEDADE: AMPLIANDO CONHECIMENTOS NA ÁREA DAS CIÊNCIAS FARMACÊUTICAS
Authors: Oliveira Anselmo Gomes de , Silveira Damaris
Published: July 2019

Ao participar de uma sociedade multicultural e globalizada, o objetivo de cada cidadão não é apenas discutir os aspectos que o rodeiam, mas fazer parte de tudo o que é importante para a humanidade. Contudo, aspectos básicos do cotidiano ainda continuam em pauta, por exemplo, a Ciência, em todas as suas vertentes, e que papel ela deve desempenhar para a melhoria da vida em nosso mundo, mesmo que, em alguns casos, o avanço científico nem sempre é realizado com finalidades benéficas.
A DEFICIÊNCIA DE TIAMINA E NIACINA COMO FATOR DE RISCO PARA DE DOENÇAS NEUROLÓGICAS
Authors: Oliveira Nayrene Amorin Carvalho , Magalhães Laryssa Alves , Matos Maria Rosimar Teixeira , Aragão Gislei Frota , Bachur Tatiana Paschoalette Rodrigues
Published: July 2019

Niacina e tiamina, vitaminas obtidas por meio da dieta, são precursoras de coenzimas do metabolismo intermediário. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão da literatura a respeito dessas vitaminas no metabolismo oxidativo e suas implicações em doenças neurológicas. A metodologia consistiu na realização de uma busca bibliográfica nas bases de dados Medline e Science Direct, utilizando os descritores “oxidative stress”, deficiency, “basal metabolism”, “nervous system”, “thiamine” e “niacin”. Ao final, foram destacados dez artigos para a produção da revisão. Os estudos demonstraram que a deficiência das vitaminas niacina e tiamina pode causar disfunções no sistema nervoso central devido a falhas no metabolismo oxidativo.
New Trends in Geoproducts Development: Železné Hory National Geopark Case Study
Authors: Doucek Jan , Zelenka Josef
Published: July 2019

Geotourism is still a relatively new direction of tourism and its development is bound mainly to the territory of geoparks. Many geoparks try to develop different types of geo-products with a focus on different target groups. However, the nature of these products is very different and their development is evident mainly in the time scale. In the past, simple forms of interpretation and application of geoproducts were popular, whereas currently, modern technologies such as animations or augmented reality are thriving. This is mainly due to the better availability of technological equipment. At the same time, a number of geoparks boast of above-average interpreters, who are able to render and simplify difficult geological topics. This also applies to their ability to create of new geoproducts, where the need to abbreviate and condense information is evident. The results of the study show a positive trend in the use of modern methods in geoscience interpretation and in the creation of new geoproducts. At the same time, it is clear that without a modern concept it is very difficult to reach the current visitors. Therefore, such a concept is necessary in order to develop geoscientific issues, especially in the area of geoparks.
An All-Optical System for Implementing Integrated Hadamard-Pauli Quantum Logic
Authors: Sarkar Baishali , Mukhopadhyay Sourangshu
Published: July 2019

In quantum optical computing both of Pauli X, Y, Z gates and Hadamard gate are essential and important issues. Several proposals are given for addressing these issues. In this paper, the authors propose polarization encoded all-optical schemes which implement Hadamard logic, Pauli X, Pauli Y and Pauli Z gates followed by Hadamard logic gate separately. An integrated scheme is also proposed where three Pauli gates (X, Y and Z) followed by a single Hadamard gate is developed using polarization encoding mechanism. The outputs of the proposed systems follow the truth tables of the respective operations exactly. As the systems use the polarization character of light, so fully quantum optical operations with superfast speed are achieved.
The efficacy of inferior vena cava diameters and the jugular vein in assessing fluid resuscitation
Authors: Zamanimehr Nahid , Shams Vahdati Samad , Hojjatpanah Hamed
Published: July 2019

Objective: Fluid resuscitation is necessary in almost all critical patients. The central venous pressure (CVP) is a well-established method of assessing resuscitation. Recently, there have been attempts to investigate less invasive methods like the diameters of inferior vena cava (IVC) or the jugular vein. We aimed to investigate this method in our research. Methods: Seventy eight critical patients admitted to the emergency department from April 2018 to December 2018 were studied. The CVP was measured along with the diameters of the two mentioned veins before and during resuscitation. The urinary output was also recorded after administering the fluid. The minimum p-value that would illustrate a significant association was equal to 0.05. Results: Findings showed that 53.8% of patients were males and 46.2% were females with an average age of 71.48 years. The causes of the critical state were 25.6% hemorrhagic shocks, 30.8% septic shocks and 43.6% hypovolemic shocks. The mean diameter of the jugular vein before and during resuscitation was 27.21 mm and 25.38 mm, respectively (P=0.1). The mean of IVC diameter before and during resuscitation was 63.33 mm and 57.98 mm, respectively (P <0.001). The CVP was 4.23 mmHg before resuscitation and 5.61 mmHg after resuscitation (P <0.001). With an average urine output of 201.28 cc, a significant correlation was observed with the increase in the CVP, while no such correlations were observed with the decreasing state of the diameters of the IVC or the jugular vein. Conclusion: Both the IVC diameter and the jugular vein diameter are unable to assess fluid resuscitation independently from respiratory factors.
Combined Analysis of Blood Ammonia and Lactate Levels as a Practical Tool to Assess the Metabolic Response to Training Sessions in Male and Female Sprinters
Authors: Kantanista Adam , Kusy Krzysztof , Pospieszna Barbara , Korman Paweł , Wieliński Dariusz , Zieliński Jacek
Published: July 2019

Kantanista, A, Kusy, K, Pospieszna, B, Korman, P, Wieliński, D, and Zieliński, J. Combined analysis of blood ammonia and lactate levels as a practical tool to assess the metabolic response to training sessions in male and female sprinters. J Strength Cond Res 35(9): 2591–2598, 2021—Previous research has mainly focused on blood ammonia and lactate concentration changes in response to exercise in laboratory settings. The aim of this study was to present a combined analysis of blood ammonia and lactate levels obtained during various training sessions performed under real training conditions. Differences between the sexes were also analyzed. The study subjects included 9 male and 8 female sprinters competing at the international level. The two-way analyses of variance, with repeated measures (time × sex), for lactate and blood ammonia concentrations during strength, speed (only lactate), speed with baton exchange, and speed endurance training sessions were significant. Blood ammonia and lactate levels obtained during repeated sprints were higher in male than female athletes. Peak lactate concentrations obtained from different training sessions were different in the female (F(3, 18) = 49.82, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.893) and male (F(3, 21) = 312.26, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.978) athletes; post hoc analyses of the men and women showed differences in maximum lactate concentration between training sessions, except in the speed and strength sessions. Peak ammonia concentrations obtained in the different training sessions were also different in the female (F(3, 18) = 121.06, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.953) and male (F(3, 21) = 196.04, p ≤ 0.001, η2 = 0.965) athletes; in both the men and women, significant differences in maximum blood ammonia concentrations were found between the training sessions, except for the speed and speed with baton exchange training sessions. The results of this study indicate that the combined analysis of lactate and blood ammonia concentration provides the coach with valuable additional information about the level of adenosine triphosphate breakdown, the energy system contribution involved in muscle energy coverage during very short, repeated maximal sprints, and, most importantly, allows the coach to check whether preworkout goals were actually met.
Predicting Recreational Runners’ Marathon Performance Time During Their Training Preparation
Authors: Esteve-Lanao Jonathan , Del Rosso Sebastián , Larumbe-Zabala Eneko , Cardona Claudia , Alcocer-Gamboa Alberto , Boullosa Daniel A.
Published: July 2019

Esteve-Lanao, J, Del Rosso, S, Larumbe-Zabala, E, Cardona, C, Alcocer-Gamboa, A, and Boullosa, DA. Predicting marathon performance time throughout the training preparation in recreational runners. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3218–3224, 2021—The objective of this study was to predict marathon performance at different time points along the season using different speeds derived from ventilatory thresholds and running economy (RE). Sixteen recreational runners (8 women and 8 men) completed a 16-week marathon training macrocycle. Aerobic threshold (AeT), anaerobic threshold (AnT), and maximal oxygen uptake were assessed at the beginning of the season, whereas speeds eliciting training zones at AeT and AnT, and RE were evaluated at 5-time points during the season (M1–M5). Analyses of variance and hierarchical regression analyses were conducted. Training improved AeT and AnT speeds at M2 vs. M1 (p = 0.001) and remained significantly higher at M3, M4, and M5 (p = 0.001). There was a significant effect of time (p = 0.003) for RE, being higher at M4 and M5 compared with M1 and M3. Significant correlations were found between marathon performance and speeds at AeT and AnT at every time point (r = 0.81–0.94; p < 0.05). Speed at AnT represented the main influence (65.9 and 71.41%) in the final time prediction at M1 and M2, whereas speed at AeT took its place toward the end of the macrocycle (76.0, 80.4, and 85.0% for M3, M4, and M5, respectively). In conclusion, assessment of speeds at AeT and AnT permits for reasonable performance prediction during the training preparation, therefore avoiding maximal testing while monitoring 2 fundamental training speeds. Future research should verify if these findings are applicable to runners of different levels and other periodization models.
Functional Threshold Power Is Not Equivalent to Lactate Parameters in Trained Cyclists
Authors: Jeffries Owen , Simmons Richard , Patterson Stephen D. , Waldron Mark
Published: July 2019

Jeffries, O, Simmons, R, Patterson, SD, and Waldron, M. Functional threshold power is not equivalent to lactate parameters in trained cyclists. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2790–2794, 2021—Functional threshold power (FTP) is derived from a maximal self-paced 20-minute cycling time trial whereby the average power output is scaled by 95%. However, the physiological basis of the FTP concept is unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the relationship of FTP with a range of laboratory-based blood lactate parameters derived from a submaximal threshold test. Twenty competitive male cyclists completed a maximal 20-minute time trial and an incremental exercise test to establish a range of blood lactate parameters. Functional threshold power (266 ± 42 W) was strongly correlated (r = 0.88, p < 0.001) with the power output associated with a fixed blood lactate concentration 4.0 mmol·L−1 (LT4.0) (268 ± 30 W) and not significantly different (p > 0.05). While mean bias was 2.9 ± 24.6 W, there were large limits of agreement (LOA) between FTP and LT4.0 (−45 to 51 W). All other lactate parameters, lactate threshold (LT) (236 ± 32 W), individual anaerobic threshold (244 ± 33 W), and LT thresholds determined using the Dmax method (221 ± 25 W) and modified Dmax method (238 ± 32 W) were significantly different from FTP (p < 0.05). While FTP strongly correlated with LT4.0, the large LOA refutes any equivalence as a measure with physiological basis. Therefore, we would encourage athletes and coaches to use alternative field-based methods to predict cycling performance.
Relationship Between the 20-m Multistage Fitness Test and 2.4-km Run in Law Enforcement Recruits
Authors: Lockie Robert G. , Dawes J. Jay , Moreno Matthew R. , Cesario Karly A. , Balfany Katherine , Stierli Michael , Dulla Joseph M. , Orr Robin M.
Published: July 2019

Lockie, RG, Dawes, JJ, Moreno, MR, Cesario, KA, Balfany, K, Stierli, M, Dulla, JM, and Orr, RM. Relationship between the 20-m multistage fitness test and 2.4-km run in law enforcement recruits. J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2756–2761, 2021—In the United States, the 2.4-km run is arguably the most common law enforcement aerobic assessment. Potential limitations are that recruits use an internal pacing strategy, the test requires fewer direction changes, and less-fit recruits run for longer. The 20-m multistage fitness test (20MSFT) is commonly used internationally to assess aerobic fitness in law enforcement recruits and provides an external pacing strategy. This study documented sex differences between the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT in law enforcement recruits, and between-test relationships. Retrospective analysis on 8 academy classes (463 men and 87 women) from 1 agency was conducted. The 20MSFT was completed before academy and the 2.4-km run in the first week. Between-sex comparisons in the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT were conducted with independent-samples t-tests and effect sizes. Estimated V̇o
2max from the tests was compared with paired-samples t-tests. Correlations and linear regression calculated 2.4-km run and 20MSFT relationships. There were significant between-sex differences for the 2.4-km run and 20MSFT (p < 0.01), with moderate (d = 0.9) and small (d = 0.4) effects, respectively. Estimated 2.4-km run V̇o
2max was greater than that from the 20MSFT (p < 0.01). The 2.4-km run had significant relationships with the 20MSFT (r = −0.6), although the regression equations were low (r
2 = 0.30–0.37). Between-sex differences in the 20MSFT seemed less than for those in the 2.4-km run. Nonetheless, even with significant relationships between the tests, the 20MSFT induces a higher running intensity and direction changes. This may limit transferability with the 2.4-km run in law enforcement recruits.
Periodization of Plyometrics: Is There an Optimal Overload Principle?
Authors: Lievens Maarten , Bourgois Jan G. , Boone Jan
Published: July 2019

Lievens, M, Bourgois, JG, and Boone, J. Periodization of plyometrics: Is there an optimal overload principle? J Strength Cond Res 35(10): 2669–2676, 2021—This study investigated the acute and chronic effects of 3 plyometric training (PT) programs with equal training loads (intensity × volume × frequency) on speed, agility, and jumping performance. Forty-four male recreational team sport athletes were either assigned to a program that increased training volume with exercises of mixed intensity (Mix), kept training volume equal and increased exercise intensity (LowHi), increased training volume and kept exercise intensity low (Low), or to a control group (Control). Subjects were trained twice a week for 8 weeks and were tested for 5- (5 m) and 10-m sprint (10 m), 5 × 10-m shuttle run (5 × 10 m), squat jump (SJ), countermovement jump without and with arm swing, and standing broad jump. Five-, 10- and 5 × 10-m performance did not change (p > 0.05) after the PT program. Jumping performance, except for SJ (p = 0.114), improved significantly (p < 0.05) in the PT groups compared with the control group. However, no mutual differences (p < 0.05) were established between plyometric groups. In addition, it was shown that a PT of high intensity was more likely to affect performance and blood inflammation markers in the following days. To conclude, PT programs following a different overload pattern, i.e., different combination of volume and intensity, but equal training load showed similar performance effects in recreationally trained men. However, before competition, a PT of low intensity is preferred over a PT of high intensity to avoid a decline in performance.
Considerations for Velocity-Based Training: The Instruction to Move “As Fast As Possible” Is Less Effective Than a Target Velocity
Authors: Hirsch Steven M. , Frost David M.
Published: July 2019

Hirsch, SM and Frost, DM. Considerations for velocity-based training: the instruction to move “as fast as possible” is less effective than a target velocity. J Strength Cond Res 35(2S): S89–S94, 2021—In addition to the potential benefits with monitoring training intensity with velocity-measuring tools during exercise, these devices also provide an opportunity for researchers and practitioners to provide feedback and instruction to performers in a new way. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of instructing athletes with a target velocity vs. instructing them to move “as fast as possible” during a free-weight bench press. In addition, the effects of each instruction on future repetition maximum (RM) test performance was compared. Thirteen male powerlifters were recruited and performed 4 sets of 5 repetitions with 45% 1RM while being instructed to attain a target velocity of 1.0 m·s−1 or to move as fast as possible. The maximum mean velocity attained in each set was compared with a repeated measures analysis of variance and Tukey's post-hoc test. After these 4 sets of 5 repetitions, the number of repetitions performed during an RM test with 75% 1RM was compared with a Wilcoxon Signed-Rank test. Participants moved faster when they received the target velocity instruction (0.84 ± 0.10 m·s−1) than when they received the “move as fast as possible” instruction (0.82 ± 0.09 m·s−1) (p < 0.001) with no differences in the number of repetitions performed in the following RM test between the 2 testing sessions (p = 0.43). An instruction to attain a challenging velocity target may be a more effective strategy to use when attempting to elicit maximum barbell velocities during training relative to the traditional instruction to move as fast as possible.
Early Sport Specialization in Elite Weightlifters: Weightlifting Injury Occurrence and Relevant Opinions
Authors: Bush Chelsea M. , Wilhelm Andrew J. , Lavallee Mark E. , Deitch John R.
Published: July 2019

Bush, CM, Wilhelm, AJ, Lavallee, ME, and Deitch, JR. Early sport specialization in elite weightlifters: weightlifting injury occurrence and relevant opinions. J Strength Cond Res 35(11): 3260–3264, 2021—Sports specialization has been associated with increased injury and burnout. This study sought to determine the age, rate of injury, influence to specialize, and opinions surrounding the impact of sports specialization in attainment of elite-level weightlifting status. A link to an anonymous survey was distributed to the top 20 weightlifters in each weight class (8 male and 7 female weight classes). The survey questioned athletes about both age and motivation to specialize, previous injuries and/or surgeries, and level of competition. Injuries and surgeries were compared between those who specialized at the Youth level (≤age 16), Junior level (ages 17–20), and nonspecialized weightlifters. One hundred forty-one athletes (47.0%) completed the survey. Sixteen subjects (11.3%) specialized at the Youth level, 18 (12.8%) specialized at the Junior level, and the remaining 107 (75.9%) did not specialize before age 21. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of injury before age 21 between weightlifters specializing at the Youth level and those who did not specialize (Χ2(1) = 22.4, p < 0.0001). There were no statistically significant differences in serious injury after age 21 between groups. Weightlifters cited primarily themselves (45.4%) or coach (43.1%) as a driving influence to specialize. The majority of athletes (68.8%) felt that specializing during the Youth age group was not necessary to achieve elite status. Despite a relatively small sample size, injuries occurred more frequently in weightlifters specializing at younger ages, suggesting that risks associated with early sport specialization also apply to weightlifters. These risks should be considered before implementing an early specialization training regimen.
Load-Carriage Conditioning Elicits Task-Specific Physical and Psychophysical Improvements in Males
Authors: Wills Jodie A. , Saxby David J. , Glassbrook Daniel J. , Doyle Tim L.A.
Published: July 2019

Wills, JA, Saxby, DJ, Glassbrook, DJ, and Doyle, TLA. Load-carriage conditioning elicits task-specific physical and psychophysical improvements in males. J Strength Cond Res 33(9): 2338–2343, 2019—Load carriage is a requirement of many military roles and is commonly used as an assessment of soldier physical readiness. Loaded, compared with unloaded, walking tasks elicit increased physical demands, particularly around the hip joint, which can exceed the initial capacity of military personnel. This study aimed to identify and characterize physical performance responses to a lower-limb focused physical training program targeted toward load-carriage task demands. Fifteen healthy male civilians (22.6 ± 1.5 years, 1.82 ± 0.06 m, and 84.1 ± 6.9 kg) completed a 10-week physical training program consisting of resistance training and weighted walking. A load-carriage task representing the Australian Army All Corps minimum standard (5 km at 5.5 km·h−1, wearing a 23-kg torso-borne vest) was completed before and on completion of the 10-week training program. Heart rate and rating of perceived exertion measures were collected throughout the load-carriage task. The performance measures of countermovement and squat jumps, push-ups, sit-ups, and beep test were performed before, mid-way, and on completion (weeks 0, 6, and 11) of the 10-week training program. Psychophysical performance, as measured by rating of perceived exertion, significantly decreased (p < 0.05) during the load-carriage task after training, demonstrating improvements in psychophysical responses. The training program resulted in significant increases in squat jump maximal force, push-ups, sit-ups (p < 0.05), and estimated maximal oxygen uptake (p < 0.05). Physical performance improvements and positive physiological adaptations to a load-carriage task were elicited in males after completing a 10-week training program. Military organizations could use this evidence-based training program to efficiently train soldiers to improve their load-carriage capacity.
Fifteen-year nationwide trends in systemic glucocorticoid drug use in Denmark
Authors: Laugesen Kristina , Jørgensen Jens Otto Lunde , Petersen Irene , Sørensen Henrik Toft
Published: July 2019

Objective

Glucocorticoid treatment of inflammatory disorders is associated with significant adverse effects related to glucocorticoid excess as well as adrenal insufficiency. This necessitates awareness of its use. We therefore investigated trends in systemic glucocorticoid use as well as morbidity and comedications among users.

Design

Cross-sectional drug utilisation study.

Methods

We conducted a population-based study of 926,314 users of systemic glucocorticoids (oral and injectable formulations) from 1999 to 2014 using Danish nationwide registries. We computed annual prevalence and incidence of systemic glucocorticoid use and prevalence of comedications and morbidity. Further, we assessed the annual amount of disease-modifying drug use.

Results

Of the 926,314 users of systemic glucocorticoids, 54% were female and median age at first-time use was 55 years. The annual prevalence was ≈ 3%, while the incidence was ≈ 1.4/100 person years (p-y). Both figures remained constant from 1999 to 2014. In the elderly, the annual prevalence was 6.7–7.7% (60–79 years of age) and 9.7–11% (≥80 years of age). Incidence increased among persons aged ≥80 years from 3.0/100 p-y in 1999 to 3.6/100 p-y in 2014. Concomitantly, the annual amount of for example methotrexate, azathioprine and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha agents increased and new biological agents emerged. The most frequent comedications were antibiotics (49%), cardiovascular drugs (38%) and NSAIDs (37%).

Conclusions

Our findings confirm a widespread use of systemic glucocorticoids, especially in the elderly, which prevails despite increased use of disease-modifying drugs. The continuously prevalent use of glucocorticoid use constitutes a challenge for the endocrine community.
Surgery following Extracorporeal Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation in a Patient with an Extracardiac Rupture of Valsalva Sinus Aneurysm
Authors: Wi Jin Hong , Seo Jeoung-Sook
Published: July 2019

The rupture of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm (SVA) into the pericardial cavity is extremely rare and fatal. A 52-year-old man presented with an abrupt onset of chest pain and dizziness. An echocardiography and a computed tomographic angiography revealed a giant aneurysm of the noncoronary sinus (NCS) (maximum, 70 mm) and pericardial effusion in favor of tamponade with a moderate degree of aortic insufficiency. On the way to the operating room, he suffered cardiac arrest, and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR) was initiated immediately. While he was prepared for surgery, the patient was supported by extracorporeal life support (ECLS) until cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) was initiated. The sinus defect was reconstructed using a Dacron patch, followed by resection of the aneurysm. ECLS and CPB were discontinued successfully in the operating room. This study reports a case of an extracardiac rupture of SVA and the successful completion of surgery following ECPR.
Norma política y enfermedad en Patria o muerte, de Alberto Barrera Tyszka
Authors: Baltodano Román Gabriel , Ramírez Villalobos Grethel
Published: July 2019

Se analiza la novela Patria o muerte, de Alberto Barrera Tyszka, sobre la enfermedad y muerte de Hugo Chávez. Esa obra establece relaciones simbólicas entre el cuerpo y la salud del gobernante y el orden político y la historia contemporánea de Venezuela. En el marco de la tradición literaria acerca del caudillismo, la novedad de la obra se relaciona con el empleo de estrategias argumentales de finalidad normativa y adscripción ideológica tradicional, basadas en la lógica higienista. Repara en las metáforas de la enfermedad y la naturalización de determinadas visiones políticas.
Ensayo y crítica literaria: espacio discursivo del “intelectual en acción”. José Lins do Rego
Authors: Laverde Ospina Alfredo
Published: July 2019

Este artículo tiene como finalidad aproximarse a los aspectos estructurales y argumentativos del ensayo cultivado por el escritor y crítico literario brasileño en el contexto político-cultural de las décadas de los cuarenta y cincuenta en Brasil. Paso seguido, enfatizar cómo, a través de la dilucidación de los aspectos relevantes de esta tipología discursiva, la crítica literaria se constituyó en un espacio de generación de opinión pública. A la larga, se ratifica la necesidad de recuperar para la crítica literaria un espacio de participación política, tomando en cuenta, claro está, las condiciones actuales y la crisis tanto de la opinión política, como de la crítica literaria en lo que respecta a su desplazamiento hacia ciertos ámbitos de especialización y marginalidad. En términos generales, se propone la configuración de una crítica literaria que participe de la generación de la denominada opinión pública discursiva, ideal en cualquier democracia.
PLATO ON WHAT IS GOOD
Authors: Kahn Charles H.
Published: July 2019

Este artigo analisa o conceito de bem na filosofia de Platão. Este é, claramente, um tema fundamental da filosofia política.
TEORIA IDEAL E TEORIA NÃO-IDEAL EM PLATÃO, KANT E RAWLS
Authors: De Oliveira Nythamar
Published: July 2019

O artigo reexamina a teoria ideal e anão-ideal em Platão na perspectiva da filosofiapolitica, com referências ao pensamento de Kante de Rawis. Aborda questões como teoria eprática, conceito de justiça, o problema da igual-dade e outros aspectos.
PLATÃO E FREUD: SOBRE A QUESTÃO DO PRAZER
Authors: Maciel Sonia Maria
Published: July 2019

Este artigo investiga a questão do prazer no díalogo Filebo de Platão, com ênfasenas contribuições de Freud sobre o mesmo tema.
On periodic mapping data of a two-dimensional torus with one saddle orbit
Authors: Bosova Anna A. , Pochinka Olga V.
Published: July 2019

Periodic data of diffeomorphisms with regular dynamics on surfaces were studied using zeta functions in a series of already classical works by such authors as P. Blanchard, J. Franks, S. Narasimhan, S. Batterson and others. The description of periodic data for gradient-like diffeomorphisms of surfaces were given in the work of A. Bezdenezhnykh and V. Grines by means of the classification of periodic surface transformations obtained by J. Nielsen. V. Grines, O. Pochinka, S. Van Strien showed that the topological classification of arbitrary Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms on surfaces is based on the problem of calculating periodic data of diffeomorphisms with a single saddle periodic orbit. Namely, the construction of filtering for Morse-Smale diffeomorphisms makes it possible to reduce the problem of studying periodic surface diffeomorphism data to the problem of calculating periodic diffeomorphism data with a single saddle periodic orbit. T. Medvedev, E. Nozdrinova, O. Pochinka solved this problem in a general formulation, that is, the periods of source orbits are calculated from a known period of the sink and saddle orbits. However, these formulas do not allow to determine the feasibility of the obtained periodic data on the surface of this kind. In an exhaustive way, the realizability problem is solved only on a sphere. In this paper we establish a complete list of periodic data of diffeomorphisms of a two-dimensional torus with one saddle orbit, provided that at least one nodal point of the map is fixed.
An approximation of problems of optimal control on the coefficients of elliptic convection-diffusion equations with an imperfect contact matching condition
Authors: Lubyshev Fedor F. , Manapova Aigul R.
Published: July 2019

We consider nonlinear optimization problems for processes described by non-self-adjoint elliptic equations of convection-diffusion problems with an imperfect contact matching conditions. These are the problems with a jump of the coefficients and of the solution on the interface; the jump of the solution is proportional to the normal component of the flux. Variable coefficients multiplying the highest and the lowest derivatives in the equation and the coefficients by nonlinear terms in the equations of state are used as controls. Finite difference approximations of optimization problems are constructed and investigated. For the approximation of state equations we propose a new ``modified difference scheme'' in which the variable grid coefficients in the principal part of the difference operator are computed using method other than traditionally applied in the theory of difference schemes. The problem's correctness is investigated. The accuracy estimation of difference approximations with respect to the state are obtained. Convergence rate of approximations with respect to cost functional is estimated, too. Weak convergence with respect to control is proved. The presence of a non-self-adjoint operator causes certain difficulties in constructing and studying approximations of differential equations describing discontinuous states of controlled processes, in particular, in proving the difference approximations well-posedness, and in studying the relationship between the original optimal control problem and the approximate mesh problem. The approximations are regularized. The obtained results will be heavily used later in solving problems associated with the development of effective methods for the numerical solution to the constructed finite-dimensional mesh optimal control problems and their computer implementation.
The flow of a viscous fluid with a predetermined pressure gradient through periodic structures
Authors: Deryabina Mariya S. , Martynov Sergey I.
Published: July 2019

In the Stokes approximation, the problem of viscous fluid flow through two-dimensional and three-dimensional periodic structures is solved. A system of thin plates of a finite width is considered as a two-dimensional structure, and a system of thin rods of finite length is considered as a three-dimensional structure. Plates and rods are periodically located in space with certain translation steps along mutually perpendicular axes. On the basis of the procedure developed earlier, the authors constructed an approximate solution of the equations for fluid flow with an arbitrary orientation of structures relative to a given vector of pressure gradient. The solution is sought in a finite region (cells) around inclusions in the class of piecewise smooth functions that are infinitely differentiable in the cell, and at the cell boundaries they satisfy the continuity conditions for velocity, normal and tangential stresses. Since the boundary value problem for the Laplace equation is solved, it is assumed that the solution found is unique. The type of functions allows us to separate the variables and to reduce the problem's solution to the solution of ordinary differential equations. It is found that the change in the flow rate of a fluid through a characteristic cross section is determined mainly by the geometric dimensions of the cells of the free liquid in such structures and is practically independent of the size of the plates or rods.
Application of discontinuous Galerkin method to modeling of two-dimensional flows of a multicomponent ideal gases mixture using local adaptive mesh refinement
Authors: Zhalnin Ruslan V. , Masyagin Victor F. , Peskova Elizaveta E. , Tishkin Vladimir F.
Published: July 2019

In this article a numerical algorithm is developed for solving of gas dynamics equations for a mixture of ideal gases on adaptive locally refined grids. The algorithm is based on discontinuous Galerkin method. To avoid the appearance of non-physical oscillations near the discontinuities, the Barth-Jespersen limiter is used. The numerical algorithm is based on the data structure and algorithms of the p4est library. In present work the numerical simulation of one problem of Richtmyer-Meshkov instability development is considered and the triple point problem is solved using the developed numerical algorithm of high accuracy order. The obtained results are in good agreement with the well-known numerical solutions. The pictures plotted basing on the solution describe in detail the dynamics of the complex flows under consideration.
MANAJEMEN REKRUTMEN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Deniyati Nia
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengupas masalah-masalah tentang definisi, dan indikator manajemen rekrutmen peserta didik. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif, pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan studi dokumentasi. Analisis data dilakukan dengan utinitasi data, kategorisasi data, dan penafsiran data. Adapun uji keabsahan data dilakukan dengan ketekunan pengamatan, cek teman sejawat, analisis kasus negative, kecukupan referensi, pengecekan anggota, uraian rinci dan auditing. Dalam langkah penelitian ini dijelaskan tahapan langkah yang dilakukan dalam proses penelitian yang meliputi (1) jenis data (2) sumber data (3) metode dan teknik pengumpulan data (4) langkah analisis data, dan (5) teknik pengumpulan uji abash data. Metode tersebut digunakan dengan cara mencari beberapa literatur yang sesuai dengan pembahasan.
MANAJEMEN REKRUTMEN PESERTA DIDIK
Authors: Risdianti Desi
Published: July 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui manajemen rekrutmen peserta didik di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Ciparay yang mencakup latar alamiah berdirinya Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Ciparay, perencanaan pengorganisasian, pelaksanaan, pengawasan, faktor penunjang dan penghambat dalam manajemen rekrutmen peserta didik serta mengetahui keberhasilan yang telah dicapai dalam pelaksanaan manajemen rekrutmen peserta didik di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Ciparay. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara, observasi dan menyalin dokumen. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis dengan penafsiran deskriftif semata-mata. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan  bahwa manajemen rekrutmen peserta didik di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Ciparay terdiri dari perencanaan (1) pembentukan panitia PPDB, (2) menentukan kebijakan, (3) sistem, (4) kriteria, dan (5) prosedur. Pengorganisasian (1) pembentukan struktur kepanitiaan (2) pembagian tugas masing-masing. Pelaksanaan (1) terlaksananya pembentukan PPDB, (2) pelaksanaan manajemen rekrutmen peserta didik dilakukan sesuai dengan perencanaan diawal dan dilakukannnya seleksi dan masa orientasi. Pengawasan (1) dilakukan secara kontinu dan inten, (2) evaluasi dan (3) pelaporan. Faktor penunjang (1) sarana prasarana, (2) dana/anggaran, (3) banyaknya pendaftar dan faktor penghambat (1) tidak stabilnya ekonomi masyarakat, (2) waktu. Serta keberhasilan manajemen rekrutmen peserta didik di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Ciparay (1) objektif, transparansi dan tidak diskriminasi, (2) manajemen yang baik dan kualitas madrasah (3) pendaftar mencapai 686 dan yang diterima hanya 261 peserta didik.
Wikipedia Editing Courses at Three US Medical Schools in the 2017-2018 Academic Year
Authors: Joshi Mihir , Verduzco Rafael , Yogi Sara , Garcia Maite , Saxena Sanskriti , Tackett Sean , Dexter Nadine , Dempsey Angela , Whitaker Evans , Azzam Amin
Published: July 2019

This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Most medical students use Wikipedia, yet most medical schools do not train students to improve Wikipedia or use it critically. Methods: During academic year 2017 - 2018, the University of California San Francisco School of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina & University of Central Florida College of Medicine offered credit-bearing Wikipedia-editing courses to 4th year medical students. We sought to assess student experiences across these schools and courses. Results: 78 students participated in the courses, making 3,368 edits, adding 155,100 words to 71 health-related Wikipedia pages. Collectively student contributions were viewed 2,688,500 times (37,866/page) during active dates of each course. Feedback from the 18 students who completed our study survey (23% response rate) reflected that students 1) increased their perception on Wikipedia reliability, 2) increased their ability to practice evidence based medicine, 3) were positively inclined to encourage peers to also edit Wikipedia, and 4) desired to contribute to public good. All students felt they improved their respective articles, and all but one felt that editing Wikipedia was a good investment in the future of healthcare. Despite our low response rate, qualitative comments suggest several students felt their courses impacted their professional identity as future physicians. Conclusions: We encourage the implementation of similar Wikipedia-editing courses across all health professional schools. Study replication will help clarify generalizability of these findings. Standardizing outcome metrics (e.g. impact on students, impact on Wikipedia quality, and impact on readers of Wikipedia) will allow more robust assessment of the impact of Wikipedia-editing courses and assignments across health professional schools globally.
Subestimativa de obesidade e sobrepeso a partir de medidas autorrelatadas na população geral: prevalência e proposta de modelos para correção
Authors: Ferriani Lara Onofre , Coutinho Evandro Silva Freire , Silva Daniela Alves , Faria Carolina Perim de , Molina Maria del Carmen Bisi , Benseñor Isabela Judith Martins , Viana Maria Carmen
Published: July 2019

Os objetivos deste artigo são: (i) comparar medidas autorrelatadas de peso e estatura com medidas aferidas; (ii) avaliar o impacto dessas discrepâncias sobre o índice de massa corporal (IMC) e as prevalências de sobrepeso e obesidade; e (iii) aplicar modelos de correção das medidas autorrelatadas e avaliar o grau de melhoria das medidas corrigidas produzidas pelo uso desses modelos. Realizou-se estudo transversal, com avaliação de 4.151 adultos (18 a 60 anos) participantes do Estudo Epidemiológico dos Transtornos Mentais São Paulo Megacity. Foram propostos e testados modelos de regressão linear estratificados por sexo, para a correção das medidas autorrelatadas. Para avaliar a concordância, usou-se o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse para as medidas aferidas, medidas autorrelatadas e medidas corrigidas, bem como o coeficiente kappa para as categorias de classificação do IMC. O peso autorrelatado e o IMC resultantes foram subestimados, ao passo que a estatura foi superestimada, comparados às medidas aferidas. Com todos os modelos de correção, as medidas corrigidas tornaram-se mais próximas às medidas aferidas. As prevalências de excesso de peso, quando calculadas a partir das medidas autorrelatadas, estavam subestimadas em 24% em homens e 28% em mulheres. Com as correções, a subestimativa diminuiu para 8% e 10%, respectivamente. Identificou-se concordância moderada para as medidas autorrelatadas e concordância substancial para as medidas corrigidas, quando comparadas às medidas reais. O uso de equações de correção para dados autorrelatados mostrou-se um método útil para produzir estimativas mais fidedignas da prevalência de excesso de peso e obesidade na população geral, geralmente estimadas a partir de medidas de peso e estatura autorrelatadas nos inquéritos populacionais.
Indicador multidimensional de fatores de risco relacionados ao estilo de vida: aplicação do método Grade of Membership
Authors: Pereira Ingrid Freitas da Silva , Gonzaga Marcos Roberto , Lyra Clélia de Oliveira
Published: July 2019

Resumo: Objetivou-se identificar perfis multidimensionais de fatores de risco relacionados ao estilo de vida, com a verificação de características sociodemográficas e de autopercepção de saúde associadas. Utilizaram-se dados da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (2013) de 45.881 indivíduos acima de 30 anos. Para a identificação dos perfis, foi utilizado o método Grade of Membership (GoM), com a inclusão de 12 variáveis. A análise de características associadas foi realizada por meio do teste qui-quadrado de Pearson e de regressão logística. Foram identificados dois perfis: “perfil saudável” (61,6%) e “perfil de risco” (38,4%). O “perfil saudável” é caracterizado pelo consumo adequado de frutas, vegetais, peixes, bem como pelo consumo não regular de refrigerante, carne com gordura e feijão; apresenta excesso de peso e faz atividade física recomendada no lazer. O “perfil de risco”, por sua vez, é caracterizado pelo não consumo de marcadores saudáveis, exceto o consumo de feijão, pelo consumo de todos os marcadores não saudáveis de alimentação, pelo hábito de substituir refeições por lanches, pelo consumo de álcool, uso de tabaco e por não serem fisicamente ativos no lazer. O perfil saudável associou-se ao sexo feminino, como também a idosos, brancos, residentes no Norte e Nordeste do Brasil, viúvos e casados, com maior escolaridade e com melhor autoavaliação de saúde. Já o perfil de risco se associou ao sexo masculino, como também a adultos jovens, residentes no Centro-oeste e Sul, solteiros, com menor escolaridade e com pior autoavaliação de saúde. Embora mais prevalente, o percentual de indivíduos com pertencimento total ao perfil saudável foi baixo. Fatores de risco relacionados ao estilo de vida estão associados a características sociodemográficas.
Health profile differences between recipients and non-recipients of the Brazilian Income Transfer Program in a low-income population
Authors: Labrecque Jeremy A. , Kaufman Jay S.
Published: July 2019

Abstract: We investigated the relationship between living in a household that receives the Brazilian Income Transfer Program (Bolsa Família, in Portuguese - BF), a Brazilian conditional cash transfer program, and aspects of health and whether these relationships are heterogeneous across the 27 Brazilian states. According to data from the 2013 Brazilian National Health Survey, 18% of households participated in BF. Among households with household per capita income below BRL 500, many aspects of health differed between people living in BF and non-BF houses. For example, BF households were less likely to have medical coverage but more likely to have visited the doctor in the last 12 months as well as being more likely to smoke and less likely to do exercise. They ate nearly one less serving of fruits and vegetables a week but were less likely to substitute junk food for a meal. They reported worse self-rated health but did not differ importantly on reporting illnesses. Moderate amounts of heterogeneity in the difference in health characteristics were found for some variables. For instance, medical coverage had an I2 value of 40.7% and the difference in coverage between BF and non-BF households ranged from -0.09 to -0.03. Some illnesses differed qualitatively across states such as high cholesterol, asthma and arthritis. This paper is the first to outline the health profile of people living in households receiving payments from a cash transfer program. It is also the first to find geographic heterogeneity in the relationship between a cash transfer program and health variables. These results suggest the possibility that the effect of cash transfer programs may differ based on the population on which it is implemented.
Maternal Care and Attachment Security in Preschool Children
Authors: Nóblega Magaly , Bárrig Patricia , Fourment Katherine
Published: July 2019

Abstract This study assessed and compared the relationship between maternal sensitivity and child attachment in two groups of mother-child dyads from Lima, Peru, one group with children 4 years old and older and a second group with younger children. Fifty-six dyads participated in the study. The mothers ages ranged between 22 and 45 years (M = 33.14, SD = 5.50); 82.1% of them had higher education and 73.2% were in a partner relationship. Of the children, 53.6 were boys and 41.1% were an only child. The study used AQS and MBPQS to rate child and maternal behavior respectively. Our results show a high correlation between attachment security and maternal sensitivity in both groups, as well as specific manifestations of these variables in the context studied.
Achatina fulica (Gastropoda: Pulmonata): Occurrence, environmental aspects and presence of nematodes in Sergipe, Brazil
Authors: Silva G. M. , Santos M. B. , Melo C. M. , Jeraldo V. L. S
Published: July 2019

Abstract The objective of this study was to identify the occurrence of Achatina fulica in the Great Aracaju-SE Territory. This research was developed during the months of June 2016 to May 2017. The plots methodology was used for the monthly collections, following the collection time of 20 minutes per area. The mollusks were measured and soon afterwards the parasitological analysis of the mucus and faeces was performed. Molecular identification was performed to evaluate the possible presence of Angiostrongylus sp. We observed that the occurrence of A. fulica was more representative in urban areas, especially in vacant lots with the presence of litter and decomposing materials. In the specimens of A. fulica examined were male and female nematodes of the genus Rhabditis, in the research municipalities, except in Barra dos Coqueiros. No parasites of the genus Angiostrongylus were found in the mollusks examined. The influence of the presence of litter on the plots associated with the frequency of A. fulica was statistically significant. There was a correlation between the influence of rainfall and the frequency of A. fulica. A significant relationship between moisture and frequency and nematode positivity was identified. It was also observed that the larger the mollusk, the greater the chances of being infected by nematodes. Scientific knowledge about the biology of the A. fulica species associated with human intervention such as the maintenance of land and adequate sanitary measures may be important factors for a better control of this invasive mollusk.