bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGGUNAAN INTERNET DI KALANGAN REMAJA DI JAKARTA
Authors: Iskandar Dudi , Isnaeni Muhamad
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penggunaan internet di kalangan remaja di Jakarta. Dengan menggunakan paradigma positivisme dan pendekatan kuantitatif, penelitian ini menghasilkan beberapa temuan. Antara lain, pertama, responden umumnya sudah sangat mengenal dengan media sosial, yang terbukti dari lama menggunakan (lebih dari 2 tahun). Media sosial Instagram dan Facebook adalah dua platform media sosial yang paling sering digunakan dan diakses oleh responden. Kedua, para pelajar menggunakan media sosial bukan untuk sarana belajar/pendidikan atau mencari informasi, melainkan sebagai sarana hiburan dan mencari teman. Ketiga,mayoritas responden meng-update media sosialnya dalam jangka waktu harian, yang berkonsekuensi pada durasi penggunaan media sosial dalam jangka waktu satu hari menjadi cukup lama/sering.Berdasarkan Hasil uji hipotesis menunjukkan tidak ada pengaruh antara karakteristik penggunaan media sosial dengan perilaku kekerasan pada remaja

Kata kunci : internet, remaja, media sosial, informasi

ABSTRACT

This study aims to determine the use of the internet among teenagers in Jakarta. Using a quantitative approach and the positivism paradigm produces several findings. Among other things, first, respondents generally are very familiar with social media, which is evident from the length of use (more than 2 years). Instagram and Facebook social media are two social media platforms that are most frequently used and accessed by respondents. Second, students use social media not for learning education facilities or seeking information, but as a means of entertainment and finding friends. Third, the majority of respondents updated their social media in a daily period, which consequently had a long frequent duration of social media usage. Based on the results of the hypothesis testing showed no influence between the characteristics of the use of social media with violent behavior in adolescents

Keywords : internet, teenegers, social media, information
PERAN KOMUNIKASI INTERPERSONAL ATASAN-BAWAHAN DALAM MEMOTIVASI KERJA KARYAWAN DIVISI MARKETING PT JAKARTA AKUARIUM INDONESIA
Authors: Dica Anastasia Yovita
Published: August 2020

Communication within a company plays an important role in supporting an organization to achieve its goals. Not only to achieve goals, well-established communication can also build good relationships among workers. Communication that occurs within an organization will be more effective when it happens in the form of interpersonal communication. Interpersonal communication is considered to be one of the most effective ways to convey various information about job and motivation for employees. This qualitative research using the concept of interpersonal communication as its main concept. Also, it will be associated with employee’s motivation in the marketing division of PT. Jakarta Aquarium Indonesia that happens every day and is held face to face or through chat. In this study, it is also found that interpersonal communication which occurred in the marketing division of PT. Jakarta Aquarium Indonesia runs quite well. So the decrease in work motivation of subordinates not because of interpersonal communication is less effective but because of the pressure and less cooperative attitude of other division employees make the work environment becomes less comfortable.

Keywords: Interpersonal Communication; Employee Motivation; Marketing Division; Qualitative Research.

ABSTRAK

Komunikasi dalam suatu perusahaan memegang peranan penting dalam mendukung suatu organisasi untuk mencapai tujuannya. Tak hanya untuk mencapai tujuan, komunikasi yang terjalin dengan baik juga dapat membangun hubungan yang baik antar para pekerja. Komunikasi yang terjadi dalam suatu organisasi akan lebih efektif bila terjadi dalam bentuk komunikasi interpersonal. Komunikasi interpersonal dinilai menjadi salah satu cara yang cukup efektif untuk menyampaikan berbagai informasi mengenai pekerjaan hingga motivasi kerja untuk para karyawan. Penelitian kualitatif ini menggunakan konsep komunikasi interpersonal sebagai konsep utamanya. Dan nantinya akan berhubungan dengan motivasi kerja karyawan pada divisi marketing PT. Jakarta Akuarium Indonesia yang terjadi setiap hari dan berangsung secara tatap muka ataupun melalui chating. Dalam penelitian ini pula ditemukan bahwa komunikasi interpersonal yang terjadi di divisi marketing PT. Jakarta Akuarium Indonesia berjalan dengan cukup baik. Sehingga penurunan motivasi kerja dari para bawahan bukan karena komunikasi interpersonal yang kurang efektif melainkan karena tekanan dan kurang kooperatifnya sikap dari karyawan divisi sehingga membuat lingkungan kerja menjadi kurang nyaman.

Kata Kunci: Komunikasi interpersonal; motivasi karyawan; divisi marketing; penelitian kualitatif.
Constructing Identity through Practice: Preservice Teachers’ Narratives of Practicum
Authors: Clements Peter
Published: August 2020

As a follow-up to a study of the published accounts of preservice teachers (PSTs) in Japan, I conducted interviews with three PSTs before and after their final teaching practicum. The narrative framework and themes generated in the previous study served as a guide to examining the settings, times, and people that the PSTs suggested were significant to their practicum experience. The results complicate and extend the previous findings, providing insight into how the PSTs dealt with stress and negative episodes as well as how their identities as teachers developed through practice. The PSTs’ relationships with their students were key in this regard, while mentoring teachers tended to play an evaluative and disciplinary role that was less central to development. This has implications for how teachers who work with PSTs can productively intervene to promote reflective growth.

本研究は、先に行われた実習生の感想文を分析した結果に基づく調査である。教育実習の前後に3人の実習生へインタビューを行い、前回のナラティヴ枠組やテーマを使い、実習期間を通して実習生にとっての重大な場所・時間・人々を調べた。結果は前回の結果より詳細であり、特に実習生がストレスや困ったことをどのように対処したか、また教師としてのアイデンティティが実践を通じてどのように発達したかについての洞察ができる。教師としてのアイデンティティの発達には、実習生において生徒との関係が非常に重要であり、指導教諭はむしろあまり重要ではない評価的な役割であった。この結果は実習生の成長を促す指導方法に重要な示唆となる。
Issues of Representation in Japanese Junior High School
English Textbooks
Authors: Houghton Luke
Published: August 2020

This study is an analysis of how English and “English speakers” were represented in Japanese junior high school textbooks. The frequency of nationalities shown as English-speakers and the frequency of nations and national landmarks mentioned in the textbooks were counted with reference to Kachru’s (1985) “circles” of English to identify areas of overrepresentation or underrepresentation. The ways in which English speakers were given voice were also investigated. The study found that, although the textbook authors attempted to represent the English language as spoken by a variety of nationalities, there was a bias towards representing Japanese students and inner circle nationals as the primary users of English, a severe lack of representation of people of outer circle nationalities as English speakers, and little discussion of varieties of English.
本研究では、中学生対象の検定教科書において、英語および英語話者がどのように表現されているかを調査した。英語話者として表現される国籍及び、国やその国を表徴するシンボルの頻度を記録し、ブラージ・カチルー（1985）が提唱した同心円モデルを使い、過剰表現又は表現不足の領域を調査した。この調査で、教科書はさまざまな国籍の人が話す「英語」を表現しようとしたが、日本人学生と内円（英語/第一言語）の国々の話者を英語の主なユーザーとして過剰表現する傾向があり、 特に外円（英語/第二言語）の国々に属する英語話者に関する表現や、様々な英語に関する議論が大幅に不足していることが分かった。
Japanese Junior High School English Textbook Input and Wh-Question Formulation
Authors: Lyddon Paul , Okamura Hiromu
Published: August 2020

Second language acquisition of English wh-questions is complicated by asymmetries among different wh-question types. In a study of the wh-interrogative production of Japanese junior high school (JHS) learners, Hasebe and Maki (2014) found a disordinal interaction between wh-question type and English proficiency level. They also noted an unexplained tendency for more advanced learners to over-insert do. Connecting these findings, the present investigation hypothesized greater learner exposure to wh-questions with do at higher levels of study, which was evaluated by comparing the proportions of relevant wh-question types across the three grade levels of three popular ministry-approved JHS English textbooks. Although failing to support the research hypothesis, the results revealed a scarcity of noncopular main verb wh-subject questions. Given retrograde development of this particular question type, these findings suggest a possible need to explicitly sensitize learners to the distinctions between various wh-question types as well as provide additional implicit exposure to them.
第二言語習得研究では、英語のwh疑問文の種類によって習得速度に違いがあることが報告されている。Hasebe ＆ Maki（2014）による日本人中学生を対象にした調査では、wh疑問文の種類と英語の上達度の間に非順序的な交互作用があることに加えて、初級の学習者に比べ、中上級の学習者は主語疑問文でdo挿入を過剰に適用する傾向があることが分かった。この結果をもとに、中上級の学習者はdo挿入があるwh疑問文のインプットを、初級者よりも多く受けていると考え、日本の中学校で使用されている教科書に掲載されていた疑問文の例を調査した。その結果、インプットの量が影響しているという仮説は支持されなかったが、全体として主語疑問文の数が少ないことが分かった。Hasebeらで観察された学習者の主語疑問文の習得に対し、本研究の結果は、学校教育の場において主語疑問文のインプットを増やすことや、疑問文の種類の違いを明示的に指導する必要性があることを示唆している。
English Coursebook Adoption Processes for Junior High Schools in Japan
Authors: Hammett David
Published: August 2020

In Japan, each municipal or prefectural board of education (BOE) is responsible for selecting its own coursebook series to be used in English lessons for nation-wide, compulsory education courses (elementary through junior high school) and in high school. This paper is a report on the investigation of the official governmental websites of five municipal or prefectural BOEs to find what kinds of methods they currently use for the selection process of English coursebooks for junior high school (JHS). The processes employed by the BOEs were examined. It appears that the criteria BOEs use for selection differ and may not be firmly grounded in research on SLA and materials evaluation. Another consequence of the strategies used by BOEs is that they may be less inclined to adopt different coursebook series than those used in previous years.
日本では、各市町村または県の教育委員会（BOE）が、小学校から中学校の義務教育及び高校の英語の授業で使用する独自の教科書を選択する責任がある。本論文では、政府の公式ウェブサイト上の5つの教育委員会を調査して、BOEが中学校英語の教科書採択に現在どのような方法を採用しているかについて報告する。BOEで採用されている教科書採択方法を調べたところ、各BOEによって基準は多少異なり、SLAと教材評価の研究にしっかりと基づいていない可能性がある。BOEによっては、前年度で使用されたものとは異なる英語教科書を採用する事に消極的である可能性もある。
Empowering Teenage English Language Learners Through Creative Projects
Authors: Nakamura Mari
Published: August 2020

Research shows that Japanese students’ motivation for English study tends to decline as they move through their schooling and that secondary-level students’ schoolwork-related anxiety rises as they grow older. In this practice-oriented paper, I first discuss the learning background and needs of junior and senior high school students at my private language school. I then describe small-scale “creative projects” that I design and implement with the aim of fostering the students’ intrinsic motivation for English language learning and to improve their confidence in expressing and discussing original ideas in English. The description of a sample project illustrates the project goal, class profile, and project procedure. My reflective comments regarding the effectiveness of the project in achieving the above-mentioned goals are also provided. Finally, the limitations of creative projects and possibilities of further improvements are discussed.
数々のリサーチが日本の中高生の英語学習への意欲は学年が上がるほどに減退し、彼らの学習についての不安は成長とともに高まると示唆している。この実践報告レポートでは、まず筆者の主宰する民間英語教室での中高生の学習状況と彼らが有する独特のニーズを自己決定理論と内発的動機づけに関する理論の観点を通して紹介する。次に、彼らの英語学習への内発的動機を育み、英語で独自のアイディアを表現する自信を高めるために当校で開発、実施している小規模な創造的プロジェクトを解説する。プロジェクトの描写ではプロジェクトの目的、クラス構成と活動手順を示し、プロジェクトが目的を果たす上での効果についての指導者の振り返りコメントも提示する。また最後に、現在の創造的プロジェクトの限界と今後の改善の可能性を述べる。
Variety, Volatility, Intensity: Understanding Key Characteristics of Individual Learner Differences
Authors: Ducker Nathan
Published: August 2020

Individual Learner Differences (ILDs), such as motivation, anxiety, and willingness to communicate, account for varying rates and extents of successful L2 learning. Traditional quantitative approaches to studying ILDs render constructs to a one-size-fits-all explanation of factors and relationships that affect learning outcomes. A Complex Dynamic Systems Theory approach to studying ILDs rectifies this situation and supports teachers by investigating the interrelated, variable, and situated aspects of ILDs. In this study, students selected ILDs that most impacted their partner’s classroom participation. They then used idiodynamic methodology, a relatively new research method, to elicit factors that influenced changes to their partner’s ILDs in class. Unexpected constructs, such as concentration, happiness, and anger, were chosen. Within those ILDs, a wide range of volatility and intensity of change was reported. Internal-, linguistic-, topic-, social-, and stage-of-the task-factors initiated chains-of-events leading to variations in ILD constructs. Implications for pedagogy and further research are discussed.
第二言語学習者の学習速度や到達レベルの違いは、モチベーション、不安感、話をしたいという意欲の様な「学習者の個人差」に起因する。従来の個人差を研究する定量的アプローチでは、学習結果に影響を与える要因や関連性について画一的な説明であったが「複雑ダイナミックシステム理論」の導入によって、複雑な相互関係や変動性、直面している要素等を複合的に調査できる様になった。本研究において、学生は、活動相手の従業参加に最も影響を与えた個人差の要素を自身で選択した後、その要因を導き出す為に、新しい研究法である「イディオダイナミック法」を使用した。その結果、集中力、幸福感、怒りの様な想定外の要素が選択され、変化の頻度や起伏の浮き沈みが広範囲に及ぶ事も判明した。内面的、言語的、トピックや社会的な要素、タスクの進度状況等の要素が一連の出来事に起因し、学習者の様々な個人差の構成に影響を与えた。本論文では教授法や更なる研究結果も述べる。
Improving Accessibility: Developing Learner Agency
Authors: Moriya Ryota , Reimann Andrew , Moriya Shoko , Sato Ryoko
Published: August 2020

As classrooms become more diverse, the understanding of learner needs has evolved to include both visible and invisible needs. Traditionally, reasonable accommodation has been limited to supporting students with physical or cognitive requirements. This has evolved to include support for social, psychological, emotional, and even economic difficulties. Resources and institutional support remain underfunded and underdeveloped; it is therefore paramount that teachers are able to diagnose, communicate, and empathize with students who are displaying a wider range of learning needs and difficulties than ever before. Through such teacher awareness raising, we can provide scaffolding for our students and empower them to be successful. The field reports, analysis, and examples described in this study demonstrate how diverse learner needs can be better accommodated by helping learners choose or develop better learning environments for themselves. The objectives of this study were to raise awareness of diverse learner needs and share potential coping strategies.

教室における多様化が進むにつれ、学習者のニーズも、可視化された違いだけでなく不可視化された違いも含み、その対象を拡大してきた。合理的配慮も、社会的、精神的、そして経済的な学習困難を対象とする考え方に転換しつつある。一方で、学習資源と教育機関の支援は未だ発展途上にある。したがって、教師が様々な困難を抱える学習者のニーズを把握し、支援をすることがこれまで以上に求められている。このような認識の転換により、教育者は多様な学習者に学びの場を提供し、学習者の学習意欲を醸成することができる。本稿は、様々な事例の分析を通して、学習者自身が学習環境の向上に取り組むことを支援することが、どのように学習者の多様なニーズの充足に結び付くのかについて明らかにする。本稿が、学習者ニーズの認識を拡大し、教育的戦略の一つのモデルを提示し、言語教育に示唆を与えるものとなることを願う。
Tracking and Influencing Learning Motivation
Authors: Visgatis Brad , Tada Masao
Published: August 2020

This paper reports on the incorporation of a motivational tracking system and regular interventions designed to address issues in motivation in an intensive English program at a Japanese university. Characteristics of the system are described and data are discussed. Ten intervention sessions focused participants’ (N = 40) attention on aspects of motivation, including goal-setting, habit formation, and imagery. The results indicate that motivational levels rose steadily during the term and suggest that motivation is not a static trait; rather, it is a state which can be influenced through appropriate interventions. The application of motivational interventions is discussed.
本稿は、日本の男女共学大学の英語インテンシブ・プログラムにおける英語学習動機の追跡システムと定期的計画的な学習動機を高めることを狙った教育的介入についての報告である。学習動機を高める教育的介入システムの特徴とその結果について、収集したデータに基づいて分析を行った。その結果、2クラスにおける参加者（N=40)の学習動機レベルは当該学期中継続的な伸びを示した。10回の動機付け介入セッションは目標設定、習慣形成、イメージの利用など、様々な動機付けの側面に学習者の注意を集中させるように組み立てた。本結果から、学習動機は、固定的な特性ではなく学習期間を通して適切な教育的介入を行なうことで影響を与えることができる、変化しうる心的状態であることが示唆された。英語学習プログラムを効果的なものにする為の、学習動機を高める様々な教育的介入についての議論を行った。
Apathy, Agency, and Sociocultural Mediation in a University English Course
Authors: Kanno Masayo
Published: August 2020

This paper is a report of an exploratory case study with a learner who showed apathetic attitudes in a Japanese university English course. Previous research indicated the influence of self-perception, learner autonomy, and exam washback effects on Japanese learners’ attitudes towards language learning. This study takes a sociocultural approach to contribute to a deeper understanding of the constructive nature of learner agency. Semistructured interviews unexpectedly revealed the learner’s multilingual experiences and ongoing self-directed learning efforts outside the classroom. A thematic analysis identified two themes: the ineffectiveness of the classroom learning environment and the importance of English language skills. These themes illustrated that learner agency was mediated through interaction between the learner’s subjective opinions and collective attitudes in the classroom. The author discusses pedagogical factors that could enhance learner agency and facilitate learner involvement in language learning.
本論文は、日本の大学の英語の授業内で無関心な態度を示す一人の学習者に関する探求的事例研究の報告である。先行研究では、自己認識や学習者の自律性、そしてテストの波及効果が日本人学習者の語学学習に対する姿勢に与える影響が示されている。本研究は、社会文化論的なアプローチから、発展的な性質を持つ学習者行為主体性をより深く理解することを目的とする。半構造化インタビューでは、多言語に接した経験があり、現在自主的に英語を学習していたことが予想外に明らかになった。主題分析により、効果的ではない教室での学習環境、英語力の重要性、の二つのテーマが特定された。これらのテーマは、学習者の主観的な意見と教室内での集合的な態度の相互作用を媒介として行為主体性が形成されることを示唆した。著者は、行為主体性を高め、語学学習への関わりを促進することができるような教育的要素を論じる。
Learner Motivation From a Teacher Perspective
Authors: Watson Robert
Published: August 2020

This paper is an investigation of teachers’ perceptions of motivating and demotivating influences on students at a private university in Japan. It focuses on teachers’ views of students’ motivation on a three-year compulsory English course for Economics students, with the aim of increasing understanding of learner motivation and applying this to the improvement of teaching methods and course design. Qualitative data, represented in pie charts, is used in the form of semi-formal interviews with teachers of the program. Findings suggest that an interesting and communicative lesson environment is motivating for students in combination with regular assessment. In relation to this, teachers should approach classes from their learners’ perspective and consider personalisation of materials. They should also be aware that students’ motivation is boosted when teachers show a genuine interest in students and provide positive feedback and explanations of the rationale and value of activities.
本論は、日本の私立大学で学生のモチベーションを教師が理解することにより出る影響の調査である。三年間英語を必修科目として学んだ経済学部の学生達のモチベーションを教師の立場から理解し、教授法、コースデザインの改良に焦点をあてた。円グラフで表した定性データは、半公式的に教師陣にインタビューしたものである。面白く、話しやすい環境を作ることが、学生のモチベーションと正確な評価につながることがわかった。そのため教師は、学生の立場から彼らに合った教材を選ぶことが大切であり、教師が心から学生と向き合い、ポジティブなフィードバック、合理的な説明、そして価値のあるアクティビティが、学生達のモチベーションを押し上げるということに気づいておくべきである。
Intercultural Impact From a Short-Term Study-Abroad Program
in Thailand
Authors: Deacon Brad , Ottoson Kevin
Published: August 2020

Recent government initiatives have helped increase the number of Japanese students studying abroad. However, our understanding of study abroad and intercultural development is largely informed by research in Western contexts. The purpose of this study was to uncover the key areas that students attribute to their intercultural competence growth and development during a short-term study-abroad program in Thailand. This paper offers findings from open-ended questionnaires that were given to 15 Japanese 2nd-year female university students before and after they participated in a three-week study abroad. Qualitative analysis of the pre-sojourn results primarily revealed health and safety concerns. These concerns were later shown to be mostly unrealized in post-sojourn findings analysis that instead emphasized the importance of students’ psychological and self-fulfillment needs. The implications this research has for language teachers, program coordinators, and other stakeholders who aim to support students’ intercultural development in short-term study-abroad programs are provided.
昨今の政府の取り組みにより、留学へ行く日本の学生数は増加傾向にある。しかし、留学や異文化教育についての私たちの理解は、西洋の文脈における研究から主に情報を得ていると言える。本研究の目的は、タイにおける３週間の留学プログラムの間に、学生の異文化理解やその発達が主に何によってもたらされたのかを明らかにすることだった。参加した１５名の女子学生たち（大学２年生）に対して、留学の事前と事後に自由回答式の質問を与え、その調査結果をもとに明らかになったことをここでは論じていく。事前調査における質的分析では、主に健康や安全面での懸念が明らかになった。これらの懸念は事後調査での分析ではほとんど認められず、代わりに心理的な自己実現欲求が重要な側面であることがわかった。この研究における示唆は、語学教員、留学コーディネーター、そしてその他、短期留学プログラムにおける学生の異文化教育を支援する関係者に向けられる。
ON DEVELOPMENT OF AVIATION EQUIPMENT’SRELIABILITY MODELS (ON THE EXAMPLE OF HELICOPTERS)
Authors: Bursala A. , Tcherednikov O. , Golub V. , Trygub Y.
Published: August 2020

On the example of helicopters, the topical issues of systematization and mathematical processing of statistical information taking from fault log sheetsto assess the level of reliability and flight safety of state aviation equipment are considered.

The reliability of all helicopter systems must meet the pressing needs of defense capabilities and support the capabilities of the state aviation of Ukraine to carry out combat missions at the current level. Improving preparedness for assigned tasks will facilitate participation in combined operations with peacekeeping and NATO forces. The considered model of the system of aviation equipment on the example of helicopters consists of interdependent, jointly functioning, united by a single purpose of five subsystems of the corresponding type of specialty: “helicopter and engine”, “aircraft armament”,“aircraftequipment”, “avionics equipment”,“navigation and target acquisition system”.

Realization and methodical approaches to the development of complex failuremodels of the elements of “helicopter and engine” system by types of helicopters are substantiated. The paper proposes to address on the example of helicopters the lines of approach the problem of assessing the real level of operational reliability and flight safety of aircraft to maintain their serviceable condition.

When putting military aviation assets into operation according to the technical condition, using statistical models of reliability and flight safety, the important task of increasing resource indicators is solved, which requires improving the system of collecting, processing and analyzing information from fault log sheets.
Revisión de la dermatitis atópica canina: una mirada desde la conformación de piel y su respuesta inmunológica
Authors: Patiño Ana Consuelo González , Gómez Carrillo Rosa María Viviana , Ardila Páez Miguel Ángel , López Róbles Yohana Milena
Published: August 2020

Las dermatitis son patologías frecuentes en la consulta de pequeños animales, siendo una afección inespecífica que atenta contra el bienestar tanto de caninos como de felinos y afecta la dinámica de la familia tenedora de estos individuos. Dentro del grupo de dermatitis, la atópica se ha convertido en una afección de difícil diagnóstico y tratamiento. Se conoce que la dermatitis atópica canina (DCA) es multifactorial y depende de la predisposición genética de los individuos y de estímulos ambientales, los cuales pueden verse afectados por el cambio climático. La respuesta compleja inmunológica en caninos ha permitido comprender la dermatitis atópica humana, convirtiéndose en un modelo médico para investigación. Esta inflamación alérgica esta mediada por una respuesta de hipersensibilidad tipo I o IV, siendo similar en los caninos y humanos. Los mastocitos, células con importante presencia en la piel canina, facilitan el reclutamiento de los leucocitos, favorecen la adherencia y la diapédesis de dichas células, permitiendo que la respuesta inflamatoria sea exagerada. En la respuesta inmunológica intervienen citoquinas, factor de necrosis tumoral, natural killer, entre otros, que facilitan la comunicación entre la inmunología innata y la adquirida, conllevando a la compleja respuesta inmunológica y permitiendo que se presente la respuesta inmunomediada. Además, de la respuesta inmunológica individual, la DCA puede complicarse por contaminación secundaria de microorganismos, los cuales llevan a respuestas inmunitarias propias dependiente de su naturaleza. Este documento se propone exponer desde la conformación anatómica de la piel y la respuesta inmunitaria de esta, la presentación de la DCA.
La importancia de crear e implementar los indicadores de capital intelectual en las pequeñas empresas Sogamoseñas
Authors: Gutiérrez Diego Ferney Patarroyo
Published: August 2020

En el presente artículo, se expone los principales resultados de una investigación, en la cual se indagó la importancia de crear e implementar los indicadores de capital intelectual en las pequeñas empresas Sogamoseñas y cómo éstos  ayudan a llevar una administración bajo control. Apoyados en la revisión bibliográfica se realizaron algunos análisis del sistema de indicadores de capital intelectual en cuanto a sus aplicaciones, clases de indicadores que ayudan a evaluar los aspectos básicos de las empresas. Lo anterior conlleva al planteamiento de una serie de posibles variables que vienen de tiempo atrás desencadenando falencias, las cuales afectan de manera directa el desempeño administrativo de las pequeñas empresas. El objeto de investigación fueron 150 empresas, (94 comerciales, 41 de carbón, 12 de lácteos y 3 funerarias). En la parte metodológica se desarrolló con tipo de estudio descriptivo, con diseño cualitativo. El método de investigación fue inductivo, la técnica estadística utilizada fueron las tablas de frecuencias. De esta manera la investigación arrojó; que las pequeñas empresas Sogamoseñas no conocen qué es el capital intelectual, ni su aplicación, ni la ventaja competitiva y por consiguiente su elaboración, de igual manera no la consideran como herramienta administrativa en la de toma de decisiones.
El trabajo a domicilio y las políticas públicas en la república argentina durante la primera mitad del siglo xx
Authors: Cipolla Damian Alejandro
Published: August 2020

La presente investigación apunta al estudio de la intervención del Estado a través de las políticas públicas orientadas a las diversas formas de inclusión de las mujeres en los variados ámbitos de la sociedad, principalmente en incorporación femenina al mundo laboral. De esta forma presentaremos algunas continuidades y transformaciones promovidas desde los gobiernos, focalizando en el trabajo femenino a domicilio en el rubro textil; sus impactos y alcances dentro del proceso de industrialización llevado adelante en la Republica Argentino durante la primera mitad del Siglo XX.
Analisis Kemampuan Pemecahan Masalah pada Siswa SMP Maniamas Ngabang
Authors: Permata Jeliana Intan , Sandri Yohanes
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan siswa dalam memecahkan masalah menurut Polya.  Jenis penelitian adalah kualitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 3 orang siswa yang mewakili tingkat kemampuan pemecahan masalah (Tinggi, Sedang dan Rendah). Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini adalah tes dan wawancara. Teknik analisis data dalam penelitian ini meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) Siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah tingkat tinggi mampu melaksanakan tahap penyelesaian masalah Polya dengan baik dan benar. Siswa mampu menguasai 4 tahap pemecahan masalah Polya yakni pemahaman masalah, perencanaan, pelaksanaan rencana, dan pengecekan kembali. Subjek Penelitian mampu memahami masalah dengan menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan serta mengucapkannya dengan menganalisis menggunakan kata-katanya sendiri, mampu menuliskan langkah pengerjaan secara lengkap (jawaban benar),  dan mengecek kembali jawaban.  (2) Siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah sedang siswa mampu mengerjakan masalah yang diberikan hanya pada satu nomor soal, siswa  memahami masalah dengan menuliskan yang diketahui dan ditanyakan, mampu menuliskan langkah penyelesaian masalah namun kurang lengkap, dan melaksanakan perencanaan dengan cukup baik karena dalam proses pengerjaan terdapat kekeliruan (jawaban salah),  dan tidak melaksanakan pengecekan kembali karena belum mampu pada penyelesaian akhir soal. (3)Siswa dengan kemampuan pemecahan masalah rendah cenderung tidak memahami masalah, siswa  tidak menuliskan apa yang diketahui dan ditanyakan, subjek penelitian dengan tingkat kemampuan pemecahan masalah rendah belum mampu memisalkan permasalahan sistem persamaan linear dua variabel dengan baik. Siswa belum mampu untuk melakukan langkah awal dengan memisalkan permasalahan nyata dalam soal.
Legacies of Colonialism in Africa
Authors: Gobo Dr. Prisca A.
Published: August 2020

There appears to be a general paucity of literature on the legacies of colonialism and the impact on Africa. This informed the decision to examine this colonial legacy which is so deep rooted and enduring. This paper attempts to provide clarity to the narrative of the present state of affairs in Africa in its broadest sense. This research seeks to interpret their experience and guide their actions towards reconciling their dilemmas. The continuity between past and present is often neglected or trivialized with its attendant negative consequences for the development of the African continent. Given these legacies, what are the consequences of this past, how have they changed how we live, who we are and our hope for the future. This paper interrogates the various forces working against development in Africa, their origins and effects and to proffer some solutions. This research is by no means exhaustive but it will provide a starting point for more research. Approaching these issues from a multi-disciplinary context, the paper concludes by exploring new strategies and making useful recommendations towards ensuring a more stable and progressive Africa.
Palatal Presentation of Para-Pharyngeal Mass
Authors: Islam d. Ashraful , Mohammad Tareq , Rahman ASM Lutfur , Chowdhury Nazmul Hossain , Khan Saif Rahman , Milki Farid Uddin , Mamoon Towsif Bin
Published: August 2020

Para-pharyngeal space tumors showed a varied presentation and through a great challenge to the surgeon in respect to pre-operative evaluation as well as surgical approach. Para-pharyngeal space (PPS) is an inverted cone-shaped potential space that extends from the hyoid bone to the base of the skull.It is filled with fat and areolar tissue lie laterally on either sides of pharynx; and is bounded and subdivided by various condensations of fascia1 . Tumors, although rare less than1% of head neck neoplasm can arise from any structures of this space. Mostly they are benign70-80% and 20-30% are malignant. Salivary gland tumor, particularly deep lobe parotid constitutesmore than 80%2,3. Imaging studies are invaluable to define the site of origin, extension, relationship to the great vessels of the neck and other neurovascular structures4 . Surgery is the mainstay of treatment. Several approaches have been discussed in the text books. We present a case of a huge parapharyngeal space tumor that was excised completely through trans-cervical approach without any morbidly
Adsorption of Aromatic Amino Acids on Gallium Nitride Nanotubes - A Computational ONIOM Investigation
Authors: Rahman Md. Matiur , Hossain Md. Kamal , Ahmed Farid , Hossain Md. Abul
Published: August 2020

In this study, we have considered the interaction of aromatic amino acids (AAAs), i.e., Phenylalanine (Phen), Histidine (His), Tyrosine (Tyr), and Tryptophan (Trp), with different Gallium Nitride Nanotubes (GaNNTs). For optimization, we have used molecular mechanics (MM) method for GaNNTs and density functional theory (DFT) for aromatic amino acids respectively. We have investigated the interaction between AAAs and GaNNTs using ONIOM methods. We have found that aromatic amino acids are well encapsulated inside the wall of the GaNNTs. For different structures of GaNNTs chiral (10, 5), (12, 6) and armchair (10, 10), (12, 12) it has been found that the adsorption energy (Eads) of all AAAs range from -24.058 to -60.907 kcal/mol.
The Role of Self-Management Practices, Competency, and Time Management Practices of the University Undergraduates on Their Success: A Conceptual Model Development
Authors: Sajeevanie T. L.
Published: August 2020

Most of the university undergraduate students are having very good academic results at their secondary school education. However, when they enter to the university, very little amount of students pay more attention compared with their previous studies, very limited number of students continue their studies as previously. Majority of the students pay less attention compared with their Advance level. In addition, the most serious issue is there are some students who does not pay considerable level of attention for their university studies and them very unsuccessful at the university level. Some of they cannot get at least general pass at the desired time. Another important factor is majority of them do not have clear life plan. Hence, the major outcome of this study is to develop a conceptual model to test the importance of having proper self-management practices and time management practices. In addition, this study has identified the importance of identify the methods of how to disseminate the knowledge of self-management and time management practices. And this study suggest for future researchers to conduct research studies on how to disseminate the knowledge and enhancing the selfmanagement competency, initially at the university level and ultimately at the national level.
A hivatásos és nem hivatásos tűzoltóságok szimbiózisa, a jelenkor mentő tűzvédelmében
Authors: Bérczi László
Published: August 2020

The volunteer fire brigade associations (hereinafter: VFA) are social organizations and independent legal entities, in which the members of the association voluntarily, without payment, undertake their duties in their free time. The precondition for their participation in firefighting, technical rescue and fire prevention tasks is a cooperation agreement concluded with the professional fire brigade of the given area of operation, as proper professional management and supervision are essential for the performance of these tasks. For a long time after the War of Independence in 1848-49, there was no VFA in Hungary, only Count Ödön Széchenyi obtained a change and formed the first full-time firefighting association in 1866 in Sopron and in 1870 in Pest. Over the years the organisation of fire fighting had changed a lot, sometimes the fire departments were controlled by the state sometimes by the local government. The last significant change took place on 1st January 2012, when the professional fire brigades controlled by municipalities came under state control again. A well functioning VFA has always played an important role in carrying out firefighting and technical rescue and local public information tasks. They are also involved in defence and damage prevention tasks (flood and inland water protection, storm damages, red mud disaster) in the managing of catastrophic situations with increasing frequency nowadays. In the last years the number of VFA has also increased significantly, while in 2010 283 in 2019 630 VFA had cooperation agreements. The government also acknowledges the key role of the work carried out by the VFA, so the amount of state support, which has been decreasing on HUF 120 million until 2012 reached with constantly increase an amount HUF 700 million by 2019. Volunteering benefits both individuals and groups, as well as society, and therefore is an important goal to increase the number of volunteers and volunteering activities. That is why 2011 was the European Year of Volunteering, as proposed by the European Commission in June 2009 and decided by the European Council in November 2009. The date of 2011 was symbolic, as ten years had passed since the United Nations declared the Year of International Volunteering in 2001.
Li-ion akkumulátoros gépjárművek tűzoltástaktikája
Authors: Balázs Mihály Ádám
Published: August 2020

One of the biggest challenges in road transport today is the development of zero emission vehicle propulsion systems. The number of electric and hybrid vehicles on the roads is constantly increasing. Foreign and domestic fires have also exemplified the safety hazards of these vehicles and the difficulties of interventions. In addition to the constantly evolving battery technology it is necessary to improve the area of safety and fire safety. It is therefore important to examine the evolution of firefighter interventions by cars with Li-poly batteries. That is why it is necessary to look for intervention methods and technical solutions that can reduce the time of intervention, passivate the activity, minimize the use of forces and equipment, and reduce its impact on road traffic.
Effect of Integrated Ayurveda and Yoga Therapy (IAYT) on osteoporosis detected in breast cancer patient on remission- A single case study
Authors: Tripathi Satyam , Panchal Megha , Aliyas Nooraini Binti
Published: August 2020

This is a case study for invasive ductal carcinoma diagnosed in a patient aged 60 years in 2015. She went through chemotherapy and radiotherapy and was on remission in 2016. Bone density degeneration was the side effect from the breast cancer treatment. After trying the conventional treatment, she was not satisfied, she came to Union Yoga Ayurveda (UYA), Singapore. She came to clinic looking for alternative therapy to help her increase her bone density, cope up with weakness and overall mental and physical wellbeing. The patient was given holistic treatment of yoga and Ayurveda, involving patra pinda sweda (herbal compress) and picchu (herbal soaked gauze pieces). The yoga therapy involved asanas practise to increase strength, breathing and meditation for overall wellbeing. The patient was not on any other treatment/medication during the entire treatment. After uninterrupted therapy for six months there was an increase in her bone density along with increase in energy level. The patient case study is an attempt to provide yoga and Ayurveda as an alternative/supportive treatment for remission management osteoporosis from breast cancer patients.
BOARD CAPITAL AND BANK EFFICIENCY: INSIGHT FROM VIETNAM
Authors: Kontesa Maria , Nichol Esmie Obrin , Bong Jia-Sing , Brahmana Rayenda Khresna
Published: August 2020

This study investigates the role of board capital on bank’s efficiency for a sample of 45 banks in Vietnam over 2011–2015. Using robust panel regression, we find board capital is important in making Vietnamese bank efficient even after controlling its endogeneity issue. This study further documents that networking capital and experience capital are the important factors, but not education for bank efficiency. The findings of this research contribute to the entrenchment hypothesis in agency theory, where networking and experience can be the bargaining power for manager (agent) in securing their compensation. It also contributes to human capital theory and resource base view theory where it shows networking and experience are stratetic human capital resources for bank efficiency. The findings imply that shareholders should consider the networking and experience of board members during board elections. Future research may engage with the intervention of corporate governance monitoring or test it in other developing countries context.
Comprehensive Multimessenger Modeling of the Extreme Blazar 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and Predictions for IceCube
Authors: Petropoulou Maria , Oikonomou Foteini , Mastichiadis Apostolos , Murase Kohta , Padovani Paolo , Vasilopoulos Georgios , Giommi Paolo
Published: August 2020

3HSP J095507.9+355101 is an extreme blazar that has been possibly associated with a high-energy neutrino (IceCube-200107A) detected 1 day before the blazar was found to undergo a hard X-ray flare. We perform a comprehensive study of the predicted multimessenger emission from 3HSP J095507.9+355101 during its recent X-ray flare, but also in the long term. We focus on one-zone leptohadronic models, but we also explore alternative scenarios: (i) a blazar-core model, which considers neutrino production in the inner jet, close to the supermassive black hole; (ii) a hidden external-photon model, which considers neutrino production in the jet through interactions with photons from a weak broad line region; (iii) a proton-synchrotron model, where high-energy protons in the jet produce γ-rays via synchrotron; and (iv) an intergalactic cascade scenario, where neutrinos are produced in the intergalactic medium by interactions of a high-energy cosmic-ray beam escaping the jet. The Poisson probability to detect a single muon neutrino in 10 years from 3HSP J095507.9+355101 with the real-time IceCube alert analysis is ∼1% (3%) for the most optimistic one-zone leptohadronic model (the multi-zone blazar-core model). Meanwhile, detection of a single neutrino during the 44-day-long high X-ray flux-state period following the neutrino detection is 0.06%, according to our most optimistic leptohadronic model. The most promising scenarios for neutrino production also predict strong intrasource γ-ray attenuation above ∼100 GeV. If the association is real, then IceCube-Gen2 and other future detectors should be able to provide additional evidence for neutrino production in 3HSP J095507.9+355101 and other extreme blazars.
A new genus of Bambusicolaceae (Pleosporales) on Corylus avellana (Fagales) from Italy
Authors: Wijesinghe Subodini , Wang Yong , Camporesi Erio , Wanasinghe Dhanushka , Boonmee Saranyaphat , Hyde Kevin
Published: August 2020

In this study, we introduce Corylicola gen. nov. in the family of Bambusicolaceae (Pleosporales), to accommodate Corylicola italica sp. nov. The new species was isolated from dead branches of Corylus avellana (common hazel) in Italy. The discovery of this new genus with both sexual and asexual characters will contribute to expand the knowledge and taxonomic framework of Bambusicolaceae.

Corylicola gen. nov. has similar morphological characters compared to other genera of Bambusicolaceae. These are solitary, scattered, globose to subglobose and ostiolate ascomata; anastomosing and branching pseudoparaphyses; cylindrical asci with a well-developed ocular chamber and short furcate pedicel; and single-septate ascospores. The coelomycetous asexual morph of Corylicola has holoblastic, phialidic conidiogenous cells and light brown conidia analogous to other members in the family. Corylicola differs from the other genera of Bambusicolaceae in having yellowish-brown ascospore masses at the top of the ascomatal neck. Detailed morphological illustrations with comprehensive descriptions for the new taxa are provided, as well as a key to the genera of Bambusicolaceae. Maximum Likelihood analysis and Bayesian Inference of a combined SSU, LSU, ITS, RPB2 and TEF1 sequence dataset confirms the placement of this genus as a distinct lineage in Bambusicolaceae.
First cytogenetic information for five Nilotic elephantfishes and a problem of ancestral karyotype of the family Mormyridae (Osteoglossiformes)
Authors: Simanovsky Sergey , Medvedev Dmitry , Tefera Fekadu , Golubtsov Alexander
Published: August 2020

The elephantfish family Mormyridae is the most diverse lineage of the primitive teleostean clade Osteoglossomorpha distributed in inland waters of all continents except Antarctica and Europe. The family Mormyridae is endemic to Africa and includes 22 genera and almost 230 species. The evolutionary radiation of mormyrids most probably should be attributed to their capability of both generating and receiving weak electric signals. Up-to-date cytogenetic studies have revealed substantial karyotype differentiation among the nine investigated elephantfish species and genera (a single species studied per each genus). In the present study, karyotypes of five species representing five mormyrid genera (four unexplored ones) collected from the White Nile system in southwestern Ethiopia are described for the first time. The results show substantial variety of the diploid chromosome and fundamental numbers: 2n = 48 and FN = 54 inBrevimyrus niger(Günther, 1866), 2n = 50 and FN = 72 inCyphomyrus petherici(Boulenger, 1898), 2n = 50 and FN = 78 inHippopotamyrus pictus(Marcusen, 1864), 2n = 50 and FN = 76 inMarcusenius cyprinoides(Linnaeus, 1758), 2n = 52 and FN = 52 inMormyrops anguilloides(Linnaeus, 1758). Karyotype structure in the latter species seems to be close to the ancestral condition for the family. This hypothesis is discussed in the light of available data on karyotype diversity and phylogeny of mormyrids.
In vitro analysis of the activity of human monoamine oxidase type B (hMAOB), treated with the cyanotoxin anatoxin-a: supposed factor of neurodegenerative diseases
Authors: Ilieva Victoria , Kondeva-Burdina Magdalena , Georgieva Tzveta
Published: August 2020

In this study, we investigated the hypothesis that an additional source of free radicals may be hydrogen peroxide formed by monoamino oxidase (MAO) -catalyzed deamination of catecholamines. Also, increased MAO-B activity in the brain has been linked to the development of some neurodegenerative diseases.

The toxicant we used to treat recombinant human MAO-B enzyme is the cyanotoxin аnatoxin-a. For anatoxin-a is known that it’s an agonist of neuronal acetylcholine receptors with 20 times greater affinity to them compared to the natural neurotransmitter.

In this study, we analyzed the effect of anatoxin at various selected concentrations on the activity of recombinant human MAO-B enzyme. The method we use is to analyze the activity of human MAO-B with the fluorimetric reagent Amplex UltraRed and the substrate tyramine hydrochloride.

The aim of this study is to analyze the effect of anatoxin-a on the hMAO-B enzyme activity and its influence as a factor for the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases.
A new Terrarana frog of genus Pristimantis from an unexplored cloud forest from the eastern Andes, Colombia
Authors: Acosta-Galvis Andrés R. , Saldarriaga-Gómez Ana M. , Ramírez Beatriz , Vargas-Ramírez Mario
Published: August 2020

A new species ofPristimantis(Craugastoridae, subgenus Pristimantis) is described from a relict and unexplored cloud forest in the western slope from Cordillera Oriental of the Colombian Andes. The specific name was chosen by consensus expert scientists and local people.Pristimantis chamezensissp. nov.is easily distinguished from congeneric species by having a gray iris with black reticulations in life, subconical tubercles on the upper eyelid, the chin edged with irregular, dark-brown blotches, and conical heel tubercles. The phylogenetic analyses suggest that the origin and radiation of its clade may have occurred in the highlands. With the description ofP. chamezensissp. nov., we identify 14 species distributed throughout the eastern slope of the Andes that are associated with the Orinoco Basin.
A revision of the genus Psammogorgia Verrill, 1868 (Cnidaria, Anthozoa, Octocorallia) in the tropical eastern Pacific Ocean
Authors: Breedy Odalisca , Guzman Hector M.
Published: August 2020

The species of the genusPsammogorgiaVerrill, 1868 from the shallow waters of the tropical eastern Pacific were mainly described from 1846 to 1870. Very few contributions were published subsequently. Recently, the genus was revisited with the addition of two new species. However, a comprehensive generic study is still missing for the eastern Pacific.Psammogorgiais characterised by having axes cores without mineralisation, mainly coarse irregular spindles and thorny, leafy or tuberculate clubs coenenchymal sclerites and the anthocodial armature with distinct collaret and points arrangements. Herein a taxonomic revision of the genus is presented based on type material which was morphologically analysed and illustrated using optical and scanning electron microscopy. Comparative character tables are provided for comparison among species in the genus, along with a taxonomic key. Moreover, the taxonomic status of each species was analysed. The genusPsammogorgiacomprises six valid species and two varieties, and three lectotypes and a new combination are proposed to establish the taxonomic status of these species.