bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Poly(levodopa)-Functionalized Polysaccharide Hydrogel Enriched in Fe3O4 Particles for Multiple-Purpose Biomedical Applications
Authors: Michalicha Anna , Tomaszewska Anna , Vivcharenko Vladyslav , Budzyńska Barbara , Kulpa-Greszta Magdalena , Fila Dominika , Pązik Robert , Belcarz Anna
Published: April 2023

In recent years, there has been a significant increase in interest in the use of curdlan, a naturally derived polymer, for medical applications. However, it is relatively inactive, and additives increasing its biomedical potential are required; for example, antibacterial compounds, magnetic particles, or hemostatic agents. The stability of such complex constructs may be increased by additional functional networks, for instance, polycatecholamines. The article presents the production and characterization of functional hydrogels based on curdlan enriched with Fe3O4 nanoparticles (NPs) or Fe3O4–based heterostructures and poly(L-DOPA) (PLD). Some of the prepared modified hydrogels were nontoxic, relatively hemocompatible, and showed high antibacterial potential and the ability to convert energy with heat generation. Therefore, the proposed hydrogels may have potential applications in temperature-controlled regenerative processes as well as in oncology therapies as a matrix of increased functionality for multiple medical purposes. The presence of PLD in the curdlan hydrogel network reduced the release of the NPs but slightly increased the hydrogel’s hemolytic properties. This should be taken into account during the selection of the final hydrogel application.
Shiga Toxin, Stx2e, Influences the Activity of Porcine Lymphocytes In Vitro
Authors: Sperling Daniel , Stepanova Hana , Smits Han , Diesing Anne-Kathrin , Faldyna Martin
Published: April 2023

Oedema disease (OD) in piglets is one of the most important pathologies, as it causes significant losses due to the high mortality because of the Shiga toxin family, which produces Escherichia coli (STEC) strains. The main toxin responsible for the characteristic pathologies in pigs is Shiga toxin 2 subtype e (Stx2e). Moreover, there is growing evidence that Stx’s family of toxins also targets immune cells. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of different concentrations of Stx2e on porcine immune cells. Porcine peripheral blood mononuclear cells were pre-incubated with Stx2e, at three different concentrations (final concentrations of 10, 500, and 5000 CD50/mL) and with a negative control group. Cells were then stimulated with polyclonal mitogens: concanavalin A, phytohemagglutinin, pokeweed mitogen, or lipopolysaccharides. Cell proliferation was assessed by BrdU (or EdU) incorporation into newly created DNA. The activation of the lymphocyte subsets was assessed by the detection of CD25, using flow cytometry. The toxin significantly decreased mitogen-driven proliferation activity, and the effect was partially dose-dependent, with a significant impact on both T and B populations. The percentage of CD25+ cells was slightly lower in the presence of Stx2e in all the defined T cell subpopulations (CD4+, CD8+, and γδTCR+)—in a dose-dependent manner. B cells seemed to be the most affected populations. The negative effects of different concentrations of Stx2e on the immune cells in this study may explain the negative impact of the subclinical course of OD.
Possible Pathogenesis and Prevention of Long COVID: SARS-CoV-2-Induced Mitochondrial Disorder
Authors: Chen Tsung-Hsien , Chang Chia-Jung , Hung Peir-Haur
Published: April 2023

Patients who have recovered from coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection may experience chronic fatigue when exercising, despite no obvious heart or lung abnormalities. The present lack of effective treatments makes managing long COVID a major challenge. One of the underlying mechanisms of long COVID may be mitochondrial dysfunction. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections can alter the mitochondria responsible for energy production in cells. This alteration leads to mitochondrial dysfunction which, in turn, increases oxidative stress. Ultimately, this results in a loss of mitochondrial integrity and cell death. Moreover, viral proteins can bind to mitochondrial complexes, disrupting mitochondrial function and causing the immune cells to over-react. This over-reaction leads to inflammation and potentially long COVID symptoms. It is important to note that the roles of mitochondrial damage and inflammatory responses caused by SARS-CoV-2 in the development of long COVID are still being elucidated. Targeting mitochondrial function may provide promising new clinical approaches for long-COVID patients; however, further studies are needed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of such approaches.
Study of the Magnesium Comenate Structure, Its Neuroprotective and Stress-Protective Activity
Authors: Kozin Stanislav , Kravtsov Alexandr , Ivashchenko Lev , Dotsenko Victor , Vasilyeva Lada , Vasilyev Alexander , Tekutskaya Elena , Aksenov Nicolai , Baryshev Mikhail , Dorohova Anna , Fedulova Lilia , Dzhimak Stepan
Published: April 2023

The crystal structure and the biological activity of a new coordination compound of magnesium ions with comenic acid, magnesium comenate, was characterized and studied. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the compound was investigated in detail using elemental X-ray fluorescent analysis, thermal analysis, IR-Fourier spectrometry, UV spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction analysis. Based on experimental analytical data, the empirical formula of magnesium comenate [Mg(HCom)2(H2O)6]·2H2O was established. This complex compound crystallizes with eight water molecules, six of which are the hydration shell of the Mg2+ cation, and two more molecules bind the [Mg(H2O)6]2+ aquacation with ionized ligand molecules by intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The packing of molecules in the crystal lattice is stabilized by a branched system of hydrogen bonds with the participation of solvate water molecules and oxygen atoms of various functional groups of ionized ligand molecules. With regard to the biological activity of magnesium comenate, a neuroprotective, stress-protective, and antioxidant effect was established in in vitro and in vivo models. In in vitro experiments, magnesium comenate protected cerebellar neurons from the toxic effects of glutamate and contributed to the preservation of neurite growth parameters under oxidative stress caused by hydrogen peroxide. In animal studies, magnesium comenate had a stress-protective and antioxidant effect in models of immobilization–cold stress. Oral administration of magnesium comenate at a dose of 2 mg/kg of animal body weight for 3 days before stress exposure and for 3 days during the stress period led to a decrease in oxidative damage and normalization of the antioxidant system of brain tissues against the background of induced stress. The obtained results indicate the advisability of further studies of magnesium comenate as a compound potentially applicable in medicine for the pharmacological correction of conditions associated with oxidative and excitotoxic damage to nerve cells.
Truth and Justice in Spinoza’s Theological–Political Treatise and the Ethics
Authors: Kistler André
Published: April 2023

Spinoza’s philosophy argues for the freedom of individuals as singular beings in the state. This freedom is not perfect yet immanent. Freedom—according to the Ethics—is a consequence of true knowledge and virtue, which must be able to develop and can only be realised gradually. The state and the laws establish the framework that makes this freedom possible. Freedom and true knowledge are basic concepts of the metaphysical system. Justice, however, appears as a legal and political concept in Spinoza’s thought, which the philosopher did not discuss in depth. Nevertheless, the concept of justice has a specific significance in the philosophical context in which it occurs in the TTP—especially in the wisdom of King Solomon—and in the Ethics. Justice, on the one hand, strengthens harmony, security, and freedom. On the other hand, the freedom to philosophise forms a condition for justice to develop according to reason. The knowledge that justice has a importance in Spinoza’s thought is consistent with the complexity of his philosophy and makes its understanding more complete.
Preparation and Properties of Polyvinylpyrrolidone/Sodium Carboxymethyl Cellulose Soluble Microneedles
Authors: Qiang Na , Liu Zhu , Lu Ming , Yang Yong , Liao Fangli , Feng Ying , Liu Guocong , Qiu Si
Published: April 2023

Transdermal drug delivery is a new means of delivering drugs through the skin to achieve therapeutic effects. Microneedles have several advantages, including low cost, easy self-administration, and high delivery efficiency. Different polymers affect the morphology, mechanical properties, and drug delivery efficiency of microneedles. To study the performance and limitations of microneedles (MNs), we prepared different ratios of polymers. MNs were fabricated from polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-Na) using the centrifugal molding method. Needle morphology, formability, and other properties of the polymers were evaluated to compare the performances of MNs with different ratios. PVP and CMC-Na were intermixed at different ratios with water as the solvent. The soluble MNs were prepared by mold casting. The morphology, thermodynamic properties, and crystallinity were studied using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TG), differential scanning calorimetric analysis (DSC), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that composite microneedles have good thermal stability. Among the different compositions tested, the 10% PVP/2% CMC-Na composite microneedle demonstrated the best performance with a regular surface morphology and relatively high thermal decomposition and melting temperatures. These results indicate that microneedles with appropriate ratios of two different materials possess good formability and other properties.
Preparation and Characterization of Diamond-like Carbon Coatings for Biomedical Applications—A Review
Authors: Malisz Klaudia , Świeczko-Żurek Beata , Sionkowska Alina
Published: April 2023

Diamond-like carbon (DLC) films are generally used in biomedical applications, mainly because of their tribological and chemical properties that prevent the release of substrate ions, extend the life cycle of the material, and promote cell growth. The unique properties of the coating depend on the ratio of the sp3/sp2 phases, where the sp2 phase provides coatings with a low coefficient of friction and good electrical conductivity, while the share of the sp3 phase determines the chemical inertness, high hardness, and resistance to tribological wear. DLC coatings are characterized by high hardness, low coefficient of friction, high corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility. These properties make them attractive as potential wear-resistant coatings in many compelling applications, including optical, mechanical, microelectronic, and biomedical applications. Another great advantage of DLC coatings is that they can be deposited at low temperatures on a variety of substrates and can thus be used to coat heat-sensitive materials, such as polymers. Coating deposition techniques are constantly being improved; techniques based on vacuum environment reactions are mainly used, such as physical vapor deposition (PVD) and chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This review summarizes the current knowledge and research regarding diamond-like carbon coatings.
Experimental Study on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Uniaxial Compression of MICP-Filled Sandstone
Authors: Fan Ling , Wang Chengbo , Hu Di
Published: April 2023

Rock masses are inherently heterogeneous, with numerous fractures that significantly affect their mechanical properties, fracture characteristics, and acoustic emission features due to the interactions between fractures or between fractures and the rock mass. Microbially induced calcite precipitation (MICP) technology, as an emerging non-destructive biological grouting reinforcement method, can repair fractured rock masses and alter their internal conditions. To investigate the mechanical properties, failure process evolution, and MICP repair effects of sandstone before and after repair, uniaxial compression tests were conducted on prefabricated, fractured (0.7–2.0 mm width) filled and unfilled rock samples, with acoustic emission monitoring throughout the process. Acoustic emission signal characteristics of the rock samples under stress were comparatively analyzed, determining the rock failure process and the microscopic failure types at compression-density stages, elastic stages, and destruction stages. The results show that the properties of the filled specimens improved, the failure process was mitigated, and the final failure stage was dominated by tension signals, accounting for over 60% of the total. The filling effect was better than 1.5–2.0 mm when the fracture width was 0.7–1.0 mm. The study deeply reveals the evolutionary process of compressive failure of the two types of rocks under different fracture widths, and by correlating the acoustic emission parameters with the stress–strain process, it provides a theoretical basis for repairing rock fractures using microbial engineering technology and offers experimental evidence and possible directions for the improvement and optimization of MICP technology.
The Effect of Hybrid Treatment Combining Boriding and Nanobainitising on the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of 66SiMnCrMo6-6-4 Bearing Steel
Authors: Łukaszewicz Grzegorz , Tacikowski Michał , Kulka Michał , Chmielarz Krzysztof , Świątnicki Wiesław A.
Published: April 2023

The effect of a new hybrid heat treatment consisting of pack-boriding and nanobainitising on the microstructure and properties of EN 66SiMnCrMo6-6-4 bearing steel was investigated. The hybrid treatment produces a new high-strength (ca. 1480 MPa) material with a hard boride (ca. 2000 HV0.05) surface layer and a relatively ductile nanobainitic core. The formation of the boride layer significantly improves wear resistance. The boride layer, which is hard but susceptible to cracking, reduces the mechanical properties under tensile and impact loads. However, the borided and nanobainitised steel exhibits much higher tensile strength and ductility and slightly better impact toughness than steel after post-boriding quenching and tempering.
Quenching and Tempering-Dependent Evolution on the Microstructure and Mechanical Performance Based on a Laser Additively Manufactured 12CrNi2 Alloy Steel
Authors: Zhang Wei , Shang Xin , Chen Xiaoxuan , Chen Shenggui , Liu Zhengliang , Zhang Lijuan
Published: April 2023

For exploring an effective heat treatment schedule to enhance the strength–plasticity balance of the ferrite–austenite 12CrNi2 alloy steel additively manufactured by directed energy deposition (DED), 12CrNi2 was heat-treated with deliberately designed direct quenching (DQ) and cyclic quenching (CQ), respectively, and the differently quenched steels were then tempered at a temperature from 200 °C to 500 °C. It was found that the CQ, in contrast to the DQ, led the 12CrNi2 to have significantly increased tensile strength without losing its plasticity, based on the introduction of fine-grained lath martensite and the {112}<111>-type nanotwins. The nanotwins were completely degenerated after the 200 °C tempering. This led the CQ-treated steel to decrease in not only its tensile strength, but also its plasticity. In addition, an interesting phenomenon observed was that the DQ-induced laths and rod-like precipitates, and the tempering-induced laths and rod-like precipitates were all prone to be generated along the {112} planes of the martensitic crystal (α-Fe), which were exactly fitted with the {112}-type crystalline orientation of the long or short nanotwins in the CQ-induced martensite. The quenching–tempering-induced generation of the {112}-orientated laths and rod-like precipitates was explicated in connection with the {112}<111>-type long or short nanotwins in the CQ-induced lath martensite.
Long-Term In Vitro Adhesive Properties of Two Universal Adhesives to Dentin
Authors: Hurtado Ana , Fuentes Victoria , Cura María , Tamayo Aitana , Ceballos Laura
Published: April 2023

The composition of universal adhesives, as well as the adhesive strategy, may influence bonding effectiveness and durability. This study aimed to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) and nanoleakage (NL), immediately and after 6-month aging, and in situ degree of conversion (DC), of two universal adhesives (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, SBU; Xeno Select, XEN) applied with etch-and-rinse (ER) and self-etch (SE) strategies, in comparison with a two-step SE adhesive (Clearfil SE Bond, CSE). Dentin surfaces of fifty human third molars were randomly assigned to the following adhesives: two universal adhesives, SBU and XEN, applied in ER or SE mode and CSE, used as control. Teeth were sectioned into beams to be tested under µTBS, half of them after 24 h, and the rest after 6 months of water aging. Selected beams from each tooth were used for NL evaluation and in situ DC quantification. SBU and CSE showed significantly higher mean µTBS and lower nanoleakage than XEN, regardless of the evaluation time and adhesion strategy. XEN-SE yielded the lowest degree of conversion. Therefore, adhesive properties of universal adhesives to dentin are material dependent, regardless of the adhesion strategy, exhibiting XEN a significantly worse performance than SBU.
Low-Temperature Sintering of Bi(Ni0.5Ti0.5)O3-BiFeO3-Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 Ceramics and Their Performance
Authors: Wang Wuyang , Wang Shihao , Sun Jun , Wang Qiushi , Fang Bijun
Published: April 2023

A low-temperature sintering strategy was realized for preparing 0.21Bi(Ni0.5Ti0.5)O3-0.05BiFeO3-0.74Pb(Zr0.5Ti0.5)O3 (0.21BNT-0.05BF-0.74PZT) ceramics by conventional ceramic processing by adding low melting point BiFeO3 and additional sintering aid LiBO2. Pure perovskite 0.21BNT-0.05BF-0.74PZT ceramics are prepared at relatively low sintering temperatures, and their structure presents tetragonal distortion that is affected slightly by the sintering temperature. The 1030 °C sintered samples have high densification accompanied by relatively large grains. All ceramics have excellent dielectric performance with a relatively high temperature of dielectric constant maximum, and present an apparent relaxation characteristic. A narrow sintering temperature range exists in the 0.21BNT-0.05BF-0.74PZT system, and the 1030 °C sintered 0.21BNT-0.05BF-0.74PZT ceramics exhibit overall excellent electrical performance. The high-temperature conductivity can be attributed to the oxygen vacancies’ conduction produced by the evaporation of Pb and Bi during sintering revealed by energy dispersive X-ray measurement.
Development of a Sequential Fractionation-and-Recovery Method for Multiple Anti-Inflammatory Components Contained in the Dried Red Alga Dulse (Palmaria palmata)
Authors: Joe Ga-Hyun , Masuoka Masafumi , Reisen Ryosuke , Tanaka Seiya , Saeki Hiroki
Published: April 2023

A separation process was established to sequentially fractionate and recover three anti-inflammatory components derived from sugars, phycobiliprotein, and chlorophyll from the hot-air-dried thalli of the red alga dulse (Palmaria palmata). The developed process consisted of three steps, without the use of organic solvents. In Step I, the sugars were separated by disrupting the cell wall of the dried thalli with a polysaccharide-degrading enzyme, and a sugar-rich extract (E1) was obtained by precipitating the other components, which were simultaneously eluted by acid precipitation. In Step II, the residue suspension from Step I was digested with thermolysin to obtain phycobiliprotein-derived peptides (PPs), and a PP-rich extract (E2) was obtained by separating the other extracts using acid precipitation. In Step III, solubilized chlorophyll was obtained by heating the residue, which was acid-precipitated, neutralized, and re-dissolved to concentrate the chlorophyll-related components (Chls)-rich extract (E3). These three extracts suppressed inflammatory-cytokine secretion by lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages, confirming that the sequential procedure had no negative effects on the activities of any of the extracts. The E1, E2, and E3 were rich in sugars, PPs, and Chls, respectively, indicating that the anti-inflammatory components were effectively fractionated and recovered through the separation protocol.
Marine Aspergillus: A Treasure Trove of Antimicrobial Compounds
Authors: Li Honghua , Fu Yanqi , Song Fuhang
Published: April 2023

Secondary metabolites from marine organisms are diverse in structure and function. Marine Aspergillus is an important source of bioactive natural products. We reviewed the structures and antimicrobial activities of compounds isolated from different marine Aspergillus over the past two years (January 2021–March 2023). Ninety-eight compounds derived from Aspergillus species were described. The chemical diversity and antimicrobial activities of these metabolites will provide a large number of promising lead compounds for the development of antimicrobial agents.
A Thermostable Type I Collagen from Swim Bladder of Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Authors: Jiang Honghui , Kong Yuanyuan , Song Lili , Liu Jing , Wang Zhihong
Published: April 2023

As a major component of the extracellular matrix, collagen has been used as a biomaterial for many purposes including tissue engineering. Commercial collagen derived from mammals is associated with a risk of prion diseases and religious restrictions, while fish-derived collagen can avoid such issues. In addition, fish-derived collagen is widely available and low-cost; however, it often suffers from poor thermal stability, which limits its biomedical application. In this study, collagen with a high thermal stability was successfully extracted from the swim bladder of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) (SCC). The results demonstrated that it was a type I collagen with high purity and well-preserved triple-helix structure. Amino acid composition assay showed that the amounts of threonine, methionine, isoleucine and phenylalanine in the collagen of swim bladder of silver carp were higher than those of bovine pericardium. After adding salt solution, swim-bladder-derived collagen could form fine and dense collagen fibers. In particular, SCC exhibited a higher thermal denaturation temperature (40.08 °C) compared with collagens from the swim bladder of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) (GCC, 34.40 °C), bovine pericardium (BPC, 34.47 °C) and mouse tail (MTC, 37.11 °C). Furthermore, SCC also showed DPPH radical scavenging ability and reducing power. These results indicate that SCC presents a promising alternative source of mammalian collagen for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.
Structural Congeners of Izenamides Responsible for Cathepsin D Inhibition: Insights from Synthesis-Derived Elucidation
Authors: Kim Hyun Su , Kong Hyejin , Kim Taewoo , Lim Changjin , Lee Seungbeom , Kim Seok-Ho , Suh Young-Ger
Published: April 2023

This study aimed to elucidate the structural congeners of natural izenamides A, B, and C (1–3) responsible for cathepsin D (CTSD) inhibition. Structurally modified izenamides were synthesized and biologically evaluated, and their biologically important core structures were identified. We confirmed that the natural statine (Sta) unit (3S,4S)-γ-amino-β-hydroxy acid is a requisite core structure of izenamides for inhibition of CTSD, which is closely related to the pathophysiological roles in numerous human diseases. Interestingly, the statine-incorporated izenamide C variant (7) and 18-epi-izenamide B variant (8) exhibited more potent CTSD-inhibitory activities than natural izenamides.
Emerging Technologies to Extract Fucoxanthin from Undaria pinnatifida: Microwave vs. Ultrasound Assisted Extractions
Authors: Lourenço-Lopes Catarina , Carreira-Casais Anxo , Carperna Maria , Barral-Martinez Marta , Chamorro Franklin , Jiménez-López Cecilia , Cassani Lucia , Simal-Gandara Jesus , Prieto Miguel A.
Published: April 2023

Macroalgae are an extensive resource for the obtention of bioactive compounds, mainly phenolic compounds, phlorotannins, and pigments. Fucoxanthin (Fx) is the most abundant pigment present in brown algae and has shown several useful bioactivities that can be used to fortify products in the food and cosmetic industries. Nevertheless, to date, there is still insufficient literature reporting on the extraction yield of Fx from U. pinnatifida species from green technologies. In this regard, the present study aims to optimize the extraction conditions to obtain the highest Fx yield from U. pinnatifida through emerging techniques, namely microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE). These methods will be compared with the conventional methodologies of heat-assisted extraction (HAE) and Soxhlet-assisted extraction (SAE). According to our results, even though the extraction yield could be slightly higher when using MAE than UAE, the Fx concentration obtained from the alga was double when using UAE. Thus, the Fx ratio in the final extract reached values of 124.39 mg Fx/g E. However, the optimal conditions should also be considered since UAE needed 30 min to perform the extraction, whereas MAE was able to obtain 58.83 mg Fx/g E in only 3 min and 2 bar, meaning less energy expenditure and minimum cost function. To our knowledge, this study obtains the highest concentrations of Fx ever reported (58.83 mg Fx/g E for MAE and 124.39 mg Fx/g E for UAE), with low energy consumption and short times (3.00 min for MAE and 35.16 min for UAE). Any of these results could be selected for further experiments and proposed for industrial scaling-up.
Sol-Gel Derived Tungsten Doped VO2 Thin Films on Si Substrate with Tunable Phase Transition Properties
Authors: Ding Xiaoming , Li Yanli , Zhang Yubo
Published: April 2023

Vanadium dioxide (VO2) with semiconductor-metal phase transition characteristics has presented great application potential in various optoelectrical smart devices. However, the preparation of doped VO2 film with a lower phase transition threshold on Si substrate needs more investigation for the exploration of silicon-based VO2 devices. In this work, the VO2 films doped with different contents of W element were fabricated on high-purity Si substrate, assisted with a post-annealing process. The films exhibited good crystallinity and uniform thickness. The X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy characterizations illustrated that W element can be doped into the lattice of VO2 and lead to small lattice distortion. In turn, the in situ FT-IR measurements indicated that the phase transition temperature of the VO2 films can be decreased continuously with W doping content. Simultaneously, the doping would lead to largely enhanced conductivity in the film, which results in reduced optical transmittance. This work provides significant insights into the design of doped VO2 films for silicon-based devices.
The Application of the Gesture Analysis Method Based on Hybrid RF and CNN Algorithms in an IoT–VR Human–Computer Interaction System
Authors: Li Xin , He Shuli
Published: April 2023

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and virtual reality (VR) technology, the demand for high-precision gesture intelligent analysis of a human–machine interaction module for IoT–VR systems is increasing. Therefore, random forest (RF) and convolution neural network (CNN) algorithms are used in this study to build an intelligent gesture recognition model. The experiments were conducted to test the application performance of the design model. The test results show that the qualification rate of the analytical model designed in this study is significantly higher than that of the comparative model. When the threshold is determined to be 43.26 mm, the analytical qualification rates of the RF-CNN (the method of combining RF with CNN algorithms), faster regions with CNN features (Faster-RCNN), and RF models are 82.41%, 76.10%, and 59.10%, respectively. The calculation time of the RF–CNN model is between the two comparative models. From the test data, it can be observed that the research results have certain significance for improving the accuracy of gesture machine recognition technology in China’s VR Internet of Things (IoT) system.
Design of the Bimodal Grating Sensor with a Built-In Mode Demultiplexer
Authors: Tsarev Andrei
Published: April 2023

This new sensor design provides good volume sensitivity (around 1600 nm/RIU) via collinear diffraction by the asymmetric grating placed in the waveguide vicinity. It provides the mode transformation between the fundamental TE0 and the first TE1 modes of the silicon wire (0.22 μm by a 0.580 μm cross-section) in the water environment. In order to provide the wavelength interrogation with a better extinction ratio for the measuring signal, the grating design is incorporated with the mode filter/demultiplexer. It selects, by the compact directional coupler (maximum 4 μm wide and 14 μm long), only the first guided mode (close to the cutoff) and transmits it with small excess loss (about −0.5 dB) to the fundamental TE0 mode of the neighboring single mode silicon wire, having variable curvature and width ranging from 0.26 μm to 0.45 μm. At the same time, the parasitic crosstalk of the input TE0 mode is below −42 dB, and that provides the option of simple and accurate wavelength sensor interrogation. The environment index is measured by the spectral peak position of the transmitted TE0 mode power in the output single mode silicon wire waveguide of the directional coupler. This type of optical sensor is of high sensitivity (iLOD~ 2.1 × 10−4 RIU for taking into account the water absorption at 1550 nm) and could be manufactured by modern technology and a single-step etching process.
DeSlice: An Architecture for QoE-Aware and Isolated RAN Slicing
Authors: Liubogoshchev Mikhail , Zudin Dmitry , Krasilov Artem , Krotov Alexander , Khorov Evgeny
Published: April 2023

Network slicing is considered a key feature of 5G and beyond cellular systems. It opens the door for new business models of mobile operators, enables new services, reduces costs with advanced infrastructure-sharing techniques, and improves heterogeneous traffic service. With slicing, the operators can tailor the network resources to the requirements of specific verticals, applications, and corresponding traffic types. To satisfy the heterogeneous quality of service (QoS) requirements of various slices, efficient virtualization and resource allocation algorithms are required. Such algorithms are especially crucial for the radio access network (RAN) because of the spectrum scarcity. This article develops DeSlice, a novel architecture for RAN slicing. DeSlice enables efficient real-time slicing algorithms that satisfy heterogeneous QoS requirements of the slices and improve the quality of experience for their end users. The article illustrates the advantages of DeSlice by considering the problem of the joint service of cloud VR, video, and web traffic. It develops the algorithms using DeSlice architecture and application-to-network communication. With simulations, it shows that, together, the architecture and the algorithms allow greatly improving the QoE for these traffics significantly.
Temporal Data Correlation Providing Enhanced Dynamic Crypto-Ransomware Pre-Encryption Boundary Delineation
Authors: Alqahtani Abdullah , Sheldon Frederick T.
Published: April 2023

Ransomware is a type of malware that employs encryption to target user files, rendering them inaccessible without a decryption key. To combat ransomware, researchers have developed early detection models that seek to identify threats before encryption takes place, often by monitoring the initial calls to cryptographic APIs. However, because encryption is a standard computational activity involved in processes, such as packing, unpacking, and polymorphism, the presence of cryptographic APIs does not necessarily indicate an imminent ransomware attack. Hence, relying solely on cryptographic APIs is insufficient for accurately determining a ransomware pre-encryption boundary. To this end, this paper is devoted to addressing this issue by proposing a Temporal Data Correlation method that associates cryptographic APIs with the I/O Request Packets (IRPs) based on the timestamp for pre-encryption boundary delineation. The process extracts the various features from the pre-encryption dataset for use in early detection model training. Several machine and deep learning classifiers are used to evaluate the accuracy of the proposed solution. Preliminary results show that this newly proposed approach can achieve higher detection accuracy compared to those reported elsewhere.
Automatic Classification Method of Arrhythmias Based on 12-Lead Electrocardiogram
Authors: Yang Xiao , Ji Zhong
Published: April 2023

Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of death worldwide. Arrhythmias are an important group of cardiovascular diseases. The standard 12-lead electrocardiogram signals are an important tool for diagnosing arrhythmias. Although 12-lead electrocardiogram signals provide more comprehensive arrhythmia information than single-lead electrocardiogram signals, it is difficult to effectively fuse information between different leads. In addition, most of the current researches working on automatic diagnosis of cardiac arrhythmias are based on modeling and analysis of single-mode features extracted from one-dimensional electrocardiogram sequences, ignoring the frequency domain features of electrocardiogram signals. Therefore, developing an automatic arrhythmia detection algorithm based on 12-lead electrocardiogram with high accuracy and strong generalization ability is still challenging. In this paper, a multimodal feature fusion model based on the mechanism is developed. This model utilizes a dual channel deep neural network to extract different dimensional features from one-dimensional and two-dimensional electrocardiogram time–frequency maps, and combines attention mechanism to effectively fuse the important features of 12-lead, thereby obtaining richer arrhythmia information and ultimately achieving accurate classification of nine types of arrhythmia signals. This study used electrocardiogram signals from a mixed dataset to train, validate, and evaluate the model, with an average of F1 score and average accuracy reached 0.85 and 0.97, respectively. Experimental results show that our algorithm has stable and reliable performance, so it is expected to have good practical application potential.
Establishment of an Electro-Optical Mixing Design on a Photonic SOA-MZI Using a Differential Modulation Arrangement
Authors: Termos Hassan , Mansour Ali , Ebrahim-Zadeh Majid
Published: April 2023

We design and evaluate two experimental systems for a single and simultaneous electro-optical semiconductor optical amplifier Mach-Zehnder interferometer (SOA-MZI) mixing system based on the differential modulation mode. These systems and the optimization of their optical and electrical performance largely depend on characteristics of an optical pulse source (OPS), operating at a frequency of f= 39 GHz and a pulse width of 1 ps. The passive power stability of the electro-optical mixing output over one hour is better than 0.3% RMS (root mean square), which is excellent. Additionally, we generate up to 22 dBm of the total average output power with an optical conversion gain of 32 dB, while achieving a record output optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) up to 77 dB. On the other hand, at the SOA–MZI output, the 128 quadratic amplitude modulation (128-QAM) signal at an intermediate frequency (IF), f1, is up-mixed to higher output frequencies nf ± f1. The advantages of the resulting 128-QAM mixed signal during electrical conversion gains (ECGs) and error vector magnitudes (EVMs) are also evaluated. The performed empirical SOA-MZI mixing can operate up to 118.5 GHz in its high-frequency range. The positive and almost constant conversion gains are achieved. Indeed, the obtained conversion gain values are very close across the entire range of output frequencies. The largest frequency range achieved during experimental work is 118.5 GHz, where the EVM achieves 6% at a symbol rate of 10 GSymb/s. Moreover, the peak data rate of the 128-QAM up mixed signal can reach 70 GBit/s. Finally, the study of the simultaneous electro-optical mixing system is accepted with unmatched performance improvement.
Construction and Maintenance of Building Geometric Digital Twins: State of the Art Review
Authors: Drobnyi Viktor , Hu Zhiqi , Fathy Yasmin , Brilakis Ioannis
Published: April 2023

Most of the buildings that exist today were built based on 2D drawings. Building information models that represent design-stage product information have become prevalent in the second decade of the 21st century. Still, it will take many decades before such models become the norm for all existing buildings. In the meantime, the building industry lacks the tools to leverage the benefits of digital information management for construction, operation, and renovation. To this end, this paper reviews the state-of-the-art practice and research for constructing (generating) and maintaining (updating) geometric digital twins. This paper also highlights the key limitations preventing current research from being adopted in practice and derives a new geometry-based object class hierarchy that mainly focuses on the geometric properties of building objects, in contrast to widely used existing object categorisations that are mainly function-oriented. We argue that this new class hierarchy can serve as the main building block for prioritising the automation of the most frequently used object classes for geometric digital twin construction and maintenance. We also draw novel insights into the limitations of current methods and uncover further research directions to tackle these problems. Specifically, we believe that adapting deep learning methods can increase the robustness of object detection and segmentation of various types; involving design intents can achieve a high resolution of model construction and maintenance; using images as a complementary input can help to detect transparent and specular objects; and combining synthetic data for algorithm training can overcome the lack of real labelled datasets.
Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Boris Tikhonovich Velichkovsky (on the occasion of his 100th birthday anniversary)
Authors:   FSBEI HE Samara State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Babanov S. A.
Published: April 2023

The article presents the main milestones of the scientific work of the Soviet and Russian scientific hygienist, health care organizer, and full member of the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR (1988) — RAMS, RAS (2013), member of the Russian Academy of Sciences Boris Tikhonovich Velichkovsky. The sphere of scientific interests of academician B.T. Velichkovsky covered such areas as occupational health and occupational diseases, molecular biology and ecology, public health and healthcare, social biology. He was the founder of new directions of scientific research. The theory of the pathogenesis of occupational dust lung diseases developed by B.T. Velichkovsky deserved special recognition in the scientific community of our country and abroad.
Problems of reflecting income and expenses of future periods in accounting and financial statements
Authors:   Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod”, Nizhny Novgorod, Russia, Druzhilovskaya T.Y.
Published: April 2023

The article deals with the issues of accounting and reflection in the financial statements of such objects as income and expenses of future periods. The presence of problems and contradictions in the interpretation of the economic content, name, accounting and reflection in the financial statements of these objects is substantiated. Based on the analysis of scientific publications, the existence of opposing scientific opinions on the expediency of saving income and expenses of future periods as objects of accounting and indicators of financial statements is shown. As a result of the study of the dynamics of the adoption of Russian accounting standards, the existence of a trend towards a reduction in the regulations in these standards relating to accounting and the reflection in the financial statements of income and expenses of future periods is substantiated. The prospects for further normative regulation of accounting and reflection in the financial statements of income and expenses of future periods are considered. The research methods were comparison, analysis, synthesis, grouping method, generalization, systematization, logical and system approaches. The results of the study complement the study of the problems of modern accounting and accounting reporting.
Peculiarities of calculating penalties for late payment of taxes and fees by organizations
Authors:   State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education of the city of Moscow ", Shinkareva O.V. ,   Moscow City Pedagogical University",   , Moscow, Russia, Vishnevskiy V.A. ,   State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education of the city of Moscow "Moscow City Pedagogical University", Moscow, Russia
Published: April 2023

Changes in tax legislation, which came into force on January 1, 2023, have affected many aspects of tax accounting for organizations. Together with the changes in the payment of taxes, the rules for penalties are also changing. The authors focused on Article 75 of the Tax Code of the Russian Federation regulating the procedure and terms for calculation, accrual, and payment of fines for failure to fulfill obligations to pay taxes, fees or insurance premiums. The mechanism of penalties calculation has not changed, but now they are accrued on the total amount of debt, formed on the unified tax account of the organization. Practical examples of calculating the amount of penalties in various situations are given.
Genetic Variability for Seed Nutritional Composition in Pearl Millet Genotypes Analyzed by Biplot Method
Authors: Seydosoglu Seyithan , Kokten Kagan , Cil Abdullah , Turan Nizamettin
Published: April 2023

This study evaluated the chemical composition of pearl millet seeds belonging to different genotypes by biplot analysis. Seeds of 26 different pearl millet populations obtained from ICRISAT (International Crops Research Institute for the Semi-Arid Tropics) within the scope of TÜBİTAK 219O103 run by Şırnak University were used. The seeds were ground and analyzed for their chemical composition, i.e., acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), crude protein (CP), digestible dry matter (DDM) and dry matter intake (DMI) rate. The results revealed that crude protein ratio varied between 11.74-19.24%, whereas ADF ratio differed between 3.44-11.43%. Similarly, NDF ratio varied between 10.23-23.47%, while DDM ratio ranged between 79.98-86.21%. Likewise, DMI ratio differed between 5.11-11.72%. Scatter plot obtained after biplot analysis indicated three different groups based on the analyzed traits. The first group contained DDM and DMI, whereas the second group consisted of ADF and NDF. The protein ratio was in the third group. It was determined that ADF-NDF and DMI-DDM properties were negatively correlated with each other. According to biplot, genotypes ‘A5-13’, ‘A13-6’ and ‘B1-7’ were prominent for ADF -NDF, DMI-DDM, and protein ratio, respectively. Therefore, these genotypes can be used in future studies to induce the desired traits.
História(s) de exposições : perspectivas e trajetórias
Authors:   Renata, Zago, Marcato Amanda Mazzoni , Melo Filho Cláudio de , Silva Diogo de Melo Gomes , Andrade Edmárcia Alves de , Silveira Giulia Drumond Imazio , Figueredo Henrique Grimaldi , Valio Luciana Benetti Marques , Bonadio Maria Claudia , Couto Maria de Fátima Morethy , Cerchiaro Marina Mazze , Costa Junior Martinho Alves da , Oliveira Mirtes Marins de , Andrade Rodrigo Vivas , Souza Tálisson Melo de , Almeida Thamara Venâncio de
Published: April 2023

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Eksplorasi Alasan Kunci Sukses Social Media Influencer Bisnis dan Pemasaran di Indonesia
Authors: Maulana Dimas
Published: April 2023

This research aims to identify the critical factors contributing to Social Media Influencers' (SMI) success in managing their career as content creators. This study involved observing 46 SMI accounts on Tik Tok and Instagram and analyzing the engagement rate as a performance metric for SMIs. A descriptive qualitative method was employed, and data was gathered using analisa.io as a social media analysis platform. The findings suggest that an SMI's success can be attributed to the identity group, primary platform, content pillars, number of weekly posts, content monetization, and hashtag usage. Conversely, this study did not establish a correlation between many followers and decreased performance. The results are intended to inform future research and foster a more profound understanding of SMIs.
Provocation Through ISO 9001 Certification: What is the Most Significant to Output Quality, Quality Awareness or Procedure Documentation?
Authors: Ernawati Erni
Published: April 2023

This research aimed to identify the most significant changes that occur to employees and organizations when the company has obtained ISO 9001 certification and examine how these changes affect output quality. This study used a mixed method, combining The Most Significant Change (MSC) and Structural Equation Model (SEM) analysis techniques. This research was conducted in a printing company in Jakarta, Indonesia. This was carried out from January to March 2023. The MSC analysis technique involved 3 informants, and 100 data respondents involved in a survey related to filling out the questionnaire. After the company (BOS) received ISO 9001 certification, the MSC results were quality awareness and procedure documentation. Both showed a positive and significant effect on output quality. Documentation of procedures showed a greater influence than quality awareness. However, Quality Management Practices as a moderator variable were proven to be able to increase the effect of quality awareness on output quality. Further research can broaden this scope by surveying respondents of different organizations so that generalization is increased.
Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran Terintegrasi PT XYZ Tbk. Tahun 2023-2026
Authors: Iary Aanisa , Puspita Anggun Pesona Intan
Published: April 2023

PT XYZ Tbk. is a company that operates in the automotive industry as a company that manufactures fasteners for the B2B market. In recent years, in Indonesia and globally, many phenomena have emerged and been created to increase binder product sales. However, during the last six years, PT XYZ Tbk. has not achieved its sales target even though the automotive sales trend is increasing or stable. Based on interviews, observations, and literature studies that have been conducted, it was found that competitors are more aggressive in communicating their brands and are better known. As a result, the company needs help to intensify sales in global markets and its customer suppliers. This research aims to analyze the role of each integrated marketing communication element for the B2B market and create an integrated marketing communication strategy that has a major impact on achieving sales targets and getting customers. In this study, the analysis uses three perspectives, namely: the company, competitors, and customers. The findings in this study indicate that the integrated marketing communication strategy of PT XYZ Tbk. as a B2B marketer must implement strategies that end with a personal approach to customers and the use of print and digital media to spread wider brand awareness.