bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
SOCIO-ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE STATE: THROUGH THE PRISM OF SUBJECTIVE EVIDENCE OF THE CRIMES COMMITTED IN THE SPHERE OF PUBLIC PROCUREMENT
Authors: Дроздов Владимир Юрьевич , Хлыстова Надежда Борисовна
Published: March 2019

The article is devoted to the description of subjective signs of crimes committed in the sphere of public procurement as socially dangerous acts that infringe on the socio-economic security of the state as a whole. The relevance of the study is noted, it is indicated that the public danger of crimes committed in the field of public procurement is associated with special features of the subject who committed the crime, the concept of which is inextricably intertwined with the concept of an official. A retrospective analysis of the concept of «official». The attention is focused on the fact that the establishment of authorized persons in the Commission of corruption crimes in procurement should be based on the fact that the crimes of this category can be committed only by persons performing their functions exclusively in the performance of their powers related to the procurement. There are arguments in favor of the fact that the subjective side of crimes in the sphere of state, municipal procurement and procurement by certain types of legal entities is characterized by guilt in the form of intent in relation to the criminal act itself, a selfish motive or other personal interest, while the attitude to the consequences does not affect the qualification. It is indicated that when committing a corruption crime in the field of public procurement, the act is a violation of the rules regulated by special rules for procurement at any stage. Conclusions are drawn on the structure of the analyzedcrimes.
The Common Dreamscape: A Study of Dream Types in the Writings of Fedor Dostoevskii
Authors: Livingstone James
Published: March 2019

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The works of Fedor Dostoevskii contain some of the most vivid dreaming experiences in all of world literature. Drawing on a broad selection of these, this paper looks to shed light on their significance, attempting an understanding of the crucial functions that the dreams serve, as well as identifying and evaluating the sensations, properties and evocations that come to define the various dream-worlds conjured across Dostoevskii’s fiction. In seeking to explain the extraordinary richness of connections between these worlds, this paper argues for the notion of common dream-space, as characters from different novels appear to inhabit a shared dreamscape, in which they encounter shared images and perceptions, ranging from the subtlety of a single recurring sound to the reproduction of an entire fantasy land. It is the intimate and detailed access that Dostoevskii provides the reader to the minds of his protagonists that gives the novels their highly unusual, intense psychological power. The dreams are central to the emotional suction and immersion that, to this day, remains very distinct to Dostoevskii.
Salyut-7 (2017)
Authors: Lugmayr Phillip
Published: March 2019

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The Treacherous Path: An Insider’s Account of Modern Russia by Vladimir Yakunin (2018)
Authors: Lawson Gary
Published: March 2019

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Le pétrole, entre enjeux économiques et enjeux politiques
Authors: Pelletier François
Published: March 2019

Cet article retrace une évolution économique majeure au lendemain de la Première Guerre mondiale. L'utilisation croissante du pétrole a de nombreuses répercussions sur les sociétés industrielles qui en dépendent de plus en plus pour leur approvisionnement. Son commerce engendre de nouvelles tensions entre espaces nationaux et dynamiques d'internationalisation. L'article expose les mécanismes de ce changement et l'élaboration de politiques nationales et internationales en France. Il permet de cerner l'impact stratégique du pétrole, mais aussi son rôle dans le cadre d'une transformation libérale de l'économie mondiale. Sur la scène internationale, il n'est pas exagéré de dire que la hantise du pétrole occupe le cauchemar des chancelleries. Les États-nations entrent désormais en lice afin d'assurer leur approvisionnement. À l'échelle nationale, cette interaction se fait aux dépens du libéralisme et conduit à l'adoption de politiques économiques et industrielles. Cette évolution recoupe des enjeux de politique internationale et de sécurité, des enjeux industriels et technologiques, des enjeux économiques impliquant acteurs publics et privés, nationaux et internationaux.
L'internationalisation du goût. Activités marchandes des immigrés grecs en Belgique et en Australie
Authors: Seraïdari Katerina
Published: March 2019

L’article analyse le rôle que les immigrés grecs ont joué en Australie et en Belgique en ce qui concerne la croissance des échanges alimentaires, le rapprochement des comportements de consommation et l’élargissement du répertoire culinaire. Dans les deux cas, l’internationalisation apparaît comme une stratégie marchande permettant à un commerce fondé par des immigrés d’être viable. La juxtaposition de ces deux terrains révèle également que l’internationalisation se présente sous deux formes tant complémentaires que contradictoires : une forme qui maintient les barrières nationales et qui ethnicise, tout en s’appuyant sur l’exoticisation ; et une forme qui tend à refuser la spécificité nationale et à neutraliser tout ce qui apparaissait jusqu’alors exotique.
La précarisation des parcours sur le segment secondaire de l’emploi à la Commission européenne de Bruxelles
Authors: Ballatore Magali , Bertrand Jean-Baptiste
Published: March 2019

La Commission européenne (CE) à Bruxelles est souvent vue comme un corps de fonctionnaires privilégiés à la fibre européenne. Cependant, au cœur de cette institution aujourd’hui, existent différents types de travailleurs sous des statuts professionnels variés. Regarder de plus près la morphologie sociale et la diversité des situations que connaissent ces travailleurs périphériques, ainsi que le phénomène d’hybridation au sein de la CE, fait apparaît assez clairement un certain fossé entre la position de permanents et de non-permanents. Dans cet article nous nous intéressons à cette population de travailleurs qualifiés en emploi temporaire. Ce faisant, nous essayons de dresser un portrait du passé migratoire, scolaire et/ou professionnel, ainsi que des origines sociales de ce personnel, rentré dans l’institution par la « petite porte ». 1234 questionnaires, 22 entretiens et un certain nombre de note d’observations ont été analysés afin de développer une discussion critique sur les conditions de travail et de vie de ce personnel. Nous explorons comparativement également à la fois les expériences et les représentations de ces jeunes qualifiés, en situation de « précarité » de l’emploi, provenant de différents pays européens. Les inégalités spatiales et sociales à l’intérieur de cette « élite » transnationale européenne sont le fil conducteur de nos analyses.
The New Method in Calculating Columns and Beams Dimensions That Meets Requirements of The Strong Column-Weak Beam and Non-Soft Story
Authors: Teddy Livian , Hardiman Gagoek , Nuroji N. , Tudjono Sri
Published: March 2019

Situated at an earthquake prone area, buildings planning in Indonesia must implement earthquake resistant building principles. One of these principles is determining dimensions of columns and beams in the process of architectural designing.This act eventually affects the behaviour of the strong column-weak beam and the probability of bending failure due to soft story. At present time, there are no simple rules architects can use in calculating the dimensions of beams and columns that meet the criteria for strong column-weak beam and non-soft story. This paper is an effort to provide an input to the architects in designing the dimensions of the columns and beams. This research is a review result of three theories namely: 1). The theory of columns and beams preliminary design, 2). The theory of the strong column-weak beam concept, and 3). The theory of soft story and column slenderness. Those theories were then synthesized into a spreadsheet. To meet the criteria for strong column-weak beam and non-soft story, the following procedures must be done : 1). Determine the columns’ dimensions according to 0.15% of the columns’ cumulative tributary area, 2). Determine the beams’ dimensions according to 1/12 of the beams’ span and the beams’ plastic modulus, 3). Determine the columns’ dimensions and the columns’plastic modulus, 4). Determine the columns’ height based on the column slenderness criteria, and 5). Compare the columns plastic modulus and the beams plastic modulus and check whether they meet the criteria “the columns’plastic modulus ≥ 1.2 * the beams’ plastic modulus”.
Penanganan Perioperatif Pasien Penyakit Jantung Kongenital Dewasa dengan ASD, Suspek Hipertensi Pulmonal, LV Smallish
Authors: Wardhana Wisnhu , Boom Cindy Elfira
Published: March 2019

Penyakit jantung kongenital dewasa / grown-up congenital heart disease   (GUCH) yang menempati urutan teratas dengan insidensi 10% dari jantung kongenital asianotik pada dewasa adalah atrial septal defect (ASD). Terapi optimal ASD masih kontroversial. Operasi direkomendasikan pada pasien usia pertengahan dan usia tua dengan pintasan kiri ke kanan yang bermakna. Komorbid yang paling sering didapatkan pada defek kongenital pada usia dewasa muda adalah gangguan hemodinamik, hipertensi pulmonal, aritmia,  penyakit kardiovaskular dan penyakit resprasi. Dilaporkan pasien perempuan usia 29 tahun dengan atrial septal defect(ASD) dengan hipertensi pulmonaldan Left Ventricle (LV) Smallishyang dilakukan operasi penututupan defek atrial atau ASD closure. Persiapan preoperasi mencakup anamnesa, pemeriksaan fisik dan pemeriksaan penunjang.Perubahan patologi utama adalah peningkatan resistensi vaskuler paru dan perubahan sekunder terhadap peningkatan aliran darah dari pintasan kiri ke kanan. Masalah yang dihadapi pada pasien  perioperasi ini adalah ukuran jantung kiri baik atrium maupun ventrikel kiri yang kecil memberikan dampak hemodinamik tidak stabil berupa aritmia dan pulmonal hipertensi saat dilakukan penutupan defek. Pemberianobat topangan jantung (nitroglyserin, milrinone, norepinephrine, adrenaline) dan pembuatan Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO) memberikan hasil hemodinamik yang stabil selama operasi dan  di ruang perawatan Intensive Care Unit (ICU).
KAJIAN TERHADAP FASAD MALL DI SEMARANG
Authors: Kosanti Aulusia Ika , Dwiyanto Agung
Published: March 2019

Kota merupakan salah satu tempat kehidupan manusia yang dapat dikatakan paling kompleks, karena perkembangannya dipengaruhi oleh aktivitas pengguna perkotaan. Kota Semarang yang mempunyai fungsi dan peran sebagai Ibu Kota Provinsi Jawa Tengah, menunjukan adanya  pertumbuhan fisik yang dilaksanakan oleh berbagai pihak dengan kepentingannya masing-masing. Pembangunan fisik tersebut yang dilaksanakan adalah penyediaan fasilitas perdagangan dan jasa yang didalamnya termasuk bangunan komersial seperti mall. Keberadaan mall yang semakin marak, secara tidak langsung akan meningkatkan persaingan antara mall yang satu dengan mall yang lainnya. Kemampuan untuk menarik konsumen juga sangat perlu dimiliki oleh sebuah mall agar dapat terus mempertahankan keberadaannya salah satunya dengan cara pengaplikasian desain fasad yang menarik dalam perancangan sebuah mall.  Keberagaman bentuk fasad bangunan mall berhubungan dengan kualitas visual estetika yang terbentuk dalam setiap bangunan mall yang ada di Semarang. Untuk mengetahui hubungan tersebut, dibutuhkan persepsi pengunjung untuk menilai, sehingga hasil yang didapatkan obyektif.
ANALISIS PERUBAHAN FUNGSI RUANG PADA CAGAR BUDAYA KLINIK BETHESDA PETERONGAN
Authors: Nugroho Satrio , Bayuaji Kurniawan
Published: March 2019

Klinik Bethesda Peterongan merupakan salah satu bangunan Cagar Budaya yang dilestarikan oleh Pemerintah Kota Semarang. Bangunan ini awalnya merupakan rumah tinggal milik keluarga Tan Siang Swie. Namun, seiring berjalannya waktu bangunann ini sekarang difungsikan sebagai klinik yang kepengurusannya menjadi satu dengan GKI Peterongan. Tentunya, sebagai cagar budaya bangunan ini memiliki nilai penting yang patut untuk dilestarikan agar bisa menjadi objek studi di masa yang akan datang. Namun, penggunaan bangunan lama dengan fungsi baru terkadang memaksa pemilik atau pengelola bangunan untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dari bangunan ini, dan terkadang hal tersebut bisa saja bersifat merusak. Maka dari itu, diperlukan sebuah tinjauan mengenai bagaimana tindakan pelestarian yang sudah dilakukan pada bangunan ini, dan bagaimana rekomendasi tindakan yang seharusnya dilakukan pada bangunan ini di masa yang akan datang
PEMAHAMAN TENTANG LINGKUNGAN BERKELANJUTAN
Authors: Effendi Rahayu , Salsabila Hana , Malik Abdul
Published: March 2019

The rapid rise of population, the increasing need of human beings and the development of science and technology causes the environment to be sacrificed to meet the needs of human life. Therefore, the importance of realizing a sustainable, principled environment in maintaining health and addressing ecological and ecosystem balance issues as an effort to ensure the survival of future generations. This paper discusses the sustainable environment, covering the basics of environmental sustainability that is ecology and ecosystems and accompanied by case studies aimed at providing a clearer picture of how the environment is sustainable. The purpose of this paper is to provide understanding to the community what and how the importance of environmental sustainability is so that later can be applied in real terms to create a healthy environment and ensure sustainability of the present and future
Characterization and first results of the planetary borehole-wall imager — methods to develop for in-situ exploration
Authors: Kereszturi Ákos , Duvet Ludovic , Gróf Gyula , Gyenis Ákos , Gyenis Tamás , Kapui Zsuzsanna , Kovács Bálint , Maros Gyula
Published: March 2019

Prototypes of borehole-wall imager instruments were developed and tested at a desert riverbed in Morocco and at a lake’s salty flat in the Atacama desert, to support the drilling activity of ExoMars rover. The onsite recorded borehole images contain information on the context that are lost during the sample acquisition. Benefits of the borehole-wall imaging is the easier maximal energy estimation of a fluvial flow, the detailed information on sedimentation and layering, especially the former existence of liquid water and its temporal changes, including paleo-flow direction estimation from grain imbrication direction. Benefits of laboratory analysis of the acquired samples are the better identification of mineral types, determination of the level of maturity of granular sediment, and identification of the smallest, wet weathered grains. Based on the lessons learned during the comparison of field and laboratory results, we demonstrate that recording the borehole-wall with optical instrument during/after drilling on Mars supports the paleo-environment reconstruction with such data that would otherwise be lost during the sample acquisition. Because of the lack of plate tectonism and the low geothermal gradient on Mars, even Ga old sediments provide observable features that are especially important for targeting Mars sample return and later crewed Mars missions.
Once more unto the Breach: the Actio Pauliana is a Matter Relating to a Contract in EU Private International Law
Authors: Poesen Michiel
Published: March 2019

The decision of the European Court of Justice (‘ECJ’) in Feniks sp z o o v Azteca Products & Services SL provides further insight into the demarcation of the head of jurisdiction in matters relating to a contract, which is contained in the Brussels I Regulation Recast, Article 7(1). In particular, the decision characterises an avoidance action, a so-called actio pauliana, as a contractual matter. As a consequence, disputes that are based on such an action can be brought in the court of the place of performance of the contractual obligation the avoidance action aims to protect. This contribution will explain that while the decision of the ECJ is seemingly in line with recent precedents, it cannot be reconciled with the principle of predictability of jurisdiction, because the decision is based on an overly broad interpretation of the concept of ‘matters relating to a contract’. The ramification of the decision is that a third party that is somehow involved in the contractual dealings of others is at risk of being sued in the place of performance of a contract with which it has a too tenuous connection.
Gram-scale economical synthesis of trans-coniferyl alcohol and its corresponding thiol
Authors: Amer Hassan , Mimini Vebi , Schild Dominik , Rinner Uwe , Bacher Markus , Potthast Antje , Rosenau Thomas
Published: March 2019

Coniferyl alcohol is considered to be a potent antioxidant and a precursor of several bioactive products. In addition, it is a frequently used as a model compound in lignin chemistry. Coniferyl thiol is used analogously to study the sulfur chemistry in technical lignins. Coniferyl alcohol was synthesized in a large scale from commercially available ferulic acid by a mixed anhydride reduction method which affords high yields (84%) under very mild conditions and allows using sodium borohydride. The nucleophilic substitution of 4-O-acetylated coniferyl alcohol (3) with thioacetic acid in the presence of dimethylformamide (DMF) dineopentylacetal afforded 4-O-acetylated coniferyl thioacetate (5) in a 70% yield, which, in a 72% yield, was deprotected to the respective thiol (6). Both coniferyl alcohol and coniferyl thiol were comprehensively analytically characterized [one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy]. The presented approach renders the two model substances readily available on a gram scale and according to low-risk, environmentally compatible protocols.
Sprachlernberatung: Hype oder Notwendigkeit?
Authors: Kleppin Karin
Published: March 2019

Dieser Beitrag entstand auf der Basis des gleichnamigen Vortrags auf der 45. Jahrestagung des FaDaF in Mannheim. Nach einem kurzen Blick auf Etappen einer Etablierung von Sprachlernberatung im deutschsprachigen Kontext wird der hier vertretene konzeptuelle Ansatz vorgestellt und anhand von zwei Praxisbeispielen verdeutlicht. Anschließend werden die Kompetenzen thematisiert, die für das Tätigkeitsfeld Sprachlernberatung auszubilden sind und die sich darüber hinaus auch auf das Lehrerverhalten im Unterricht auswirken können.
Assessment of epigenetic changes and oxidative DNA damage in rat pups exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls and the protective effect of curcumin in the prenatal period
Authors: Doğan Halef Okan , Alçiğir Mehmet Eray
Published: March 2019

Background

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are persistent organic chemicals that exert neurotoxic and endocrine disrupting effects. The aims of this study were to examine the effects of prenatal Aroclor 1254 (PCBs mixture) exposure on central nervous system tissues DNA and to evaluate the effects of curcumin.

Methods

Rat pups were assigned to three groups: [Group 1], Aroclor 1254 administrated group; [Group 2], Aroclor 1254 and curcumin administrated group; and [Group 3], control group. Plasma, cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata tissue homogenates 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine [8-(OH)DG] levels and plasma freeT4 levels were determined. Global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation status were determined in cerebrum, cerebellum, pons and medulla oblongata. To this aim, DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were measured, respectively.

Results

Mean cerebellum and cerebral cortex 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and 5-methylcytosine levels were higher in the control group than in the experimental groups. Mean plasma, cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations were higher in Group 1 than the control group. No statistically significant difference was observed between Group 2 and the control group in terms of cerebellum and cerebral cortex 8-(OH)DG concentrations. Histopathological changes were also observed in the cerebral cortex and cerebellum of rat pups exposed to Aroclor 1254. PCBs exposure changes both DNA methylation and hypomethylation status and induces cerebellar and cerebral cortex DNA damage in the prenatal period. Exogenous curcumin may have protective effect on PCBs-induced DNA damage in cerebellum and cerebral cortex.
Zum 100. Geburtstag von Alfons Benedikter – Ein treuer Sohn Tirols
Authors: Raffeiner Andreas
Published: March 2019

Am 14. März 1918 – also vor 100 Jahren – kam Alfons Benedikter in Pettneu am Arlberg zur Welt. Er war ein großer Sohn Tirols und ein geradliniger Politiker, der sich niemals verbiegen ließ und stets die Selbstbestimmung Südtirols als Ziel anstrebte, die Autonomie hingegen keineswegs als der Weisheit letzten Schluss betrachtete.

In seiner Jugend musste Alfons Benedikter die Gewaltherrschaft des Faschismus erleben. In Neapel studierte er Rechtswissenschaften und Russisch, das seines Erachtens nach Englisch die zweitwichtigste Weltsprache zu seiner Zeit war. Nach seinem Kriegsdienst bei der deutschen Wehrmacht kehrte er 1945 in seine Heimat zurück und übernahm alsbald die Leitung der Geschicke der Südtiroler Volkspartei im Vinschgau.
Information metamaterials – from effective media to real-time information processing systems
Authors: Li Lianlin , Cui Tie Jun
Published: March 2019

Metamaterials have been characterized by effective medium parameters over the past decades due to the subwavelength nature of meta-atoms. Once the metamaterials are fabricated, their functions become fixed or tunable. Recently, the concept of digital metamaterials has been introduced, in which, for instance, the constitutive 1-bit meta-atom is digitalized as “0” or “1” corresponding to two opposite electromagnetic (EM) responses. The digital metamaterials set up a bridge between the physical world and the information world. More interestingly, when the digital meta-atom is programmable, a single metamaterial can be used to realize different functions when programmed with different coding sequences. Moreover, as the states of programmable meta-atoms can be quickly switched, it enables the wave-based information coding and processing on the physical level of metamaterials in real time. For these reasons, we prefer to call digital metamaterials with programmable meta-atoms as “information metamaterials.” In this review article, we introduce two basic principles for information metamaterials: Shannon entropy on metamaterials to measure the information capacity quantitatively and digital convolution on metamaterials to manipulate the beam steering. Afterwards, two proof-of-concept imaging systems based on information metamaterials, i.e. programmable hologram and programmable imager, are presented, showing more powerful abilities than the traditional counterparts. Furthermore, we discuss the time-modulated information metamaterial that enables efficient and accurate manipulations of spectral harmonic distributions and brings new physical phenomena such as frequency cloaking and velocity illusion. As a relevant application of time-modulated information metamaterials, we propose a novel architecture of wireless communication, which simplifies the modern wireless communication system. Finally, the future trends of information metamaterials are predicted.
The effect of the addition of a slip agent on the rheological properties of polyethylene: off-line and in-line measurements
Authors: Kloziński Arkadiusz , Jakubowska Paulina
Published: March 2019

The article describes an investigation into the effect of a slip agent on the rheological properties of low-density polyethylene. As a slip modifier, oleamide was used in the amounts of 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 wt.%, respectively. The process of polymer modification was carried out in a twin-screw extrusion process. The effect of the slip agent on the mass flow rate index was determined. The specific plasticisation energy of the modified polymer was also assessed based on the change in the torque of a batch mixer. The assessment of the effect of the addition of oleamide on the change in the flow and viscosity curves was made using an off-line (plastometer) and an in-line (extruder rheometer) measuring technique. The rheological parameters were determined based on the Ostwald-de-Waele power law model. The operation of the plastometer was brought closer to the principles of operation of the capillary rheometer by applying variable piston loading. In in-line measurements, an extrusion head with replaceable cylindrical dies was used. Using two rheological measuring techniques made it possible to determine the low-density polyethylene viscosity variations and the values of flow power law index (n) and consistency factor (K) in a wide shear rate range.
DFT and Thermal Decomposition Studies on Gemcitabine
Authors: Rezkallah Ereen , Ibrahim Abeer , Dahy AbdelRahman , Hakiem Ahmed Abdel , Mahfouz Refaat
Published: March 2019

Geometry optimization of gemcitabine was carried out by DFT with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level in the gas phase. Chemical activity (electronegativity, electrophilicity, hardness, chemical softness and chemical potential) was predicted with the help of HOMO-LUMO energy values. Experimental FT-IR was recorded and computed values are also analyzed using the same level of DFT. A complete vibrational spectrum was made to analyze the potential energy distribution (PED). Stability of the molecule arising from the hyper-conjugative interaction was analyzed by the natural bond orbital (NBO). The molecular electrostatic potential map was used to detect the possible electrophilic and nucleophilic sites in the molecule. Nonisothermal decomposition of gemcitabine was carried out in an air atmosphere. The two decomposition steps of the molecule were analyzed kinetically by linear and nonlinear methods for elucidation of the kinetic triplet (Ea,ln Aandf(α)) of the decomposition processes. Powder X-ray diffraction indicated that gemcitabine crystallizes in the monoclinic system (SG P2/m). Molecular docking studies were also described.
Marcas de ideología religiosa en la lexicografía decimonónica
Authors: Martínez-Atienza María
Published: March 2019

In this paper we analyze the religious ideology present in four dictionaries of Spanish published in the 19th century, specifically in the second half (1846 is the year for the publication of the first and 1895 for the last). To do this, we will refer to the context in which these works were published, and we will also refer to the ideology of the authors. On one hand, we will study the macrostructure of the dictionaries, particularly the prologues of the works and, on the other hand, the microstructure; in this respect we will select a series of lexicographical entries that reflect the ideology present in the dictionaries and we will check whether there is correspondence between the declaration of intentions of the prologues and the content of such entries.
zucchero caffettino
Authors: Schweickard Wolfgang
Published: March 2019

Various hypotheses have been put forward to explain the etymology of Old It. (zucchero) caffettino (Jaffa < Yāfā, cafis < qafīz, Caffa = Feodosia, caffa < qafaṣ, Haifa < Ḥayfā, Kafá < ?, coffa < quffa(h)). All these proposals, however, are unsustainable for reasons of cultural-historical and/or semantic, phonetic and morphological incompatibilities. In reality the etymon is the Arabic nisba adjective of the name of the Egyptian city of Qifṭ (qiftī), which in Medieval times was highly renowned for its sugar production. The Arabic equivalent of zucchero caffettino is as-sukkar al-qiftī. The phonomorphological adaptation of caffettino is absolutely regular (anaptyctical e, gemination f > ff, initial ca- < qi-, final –ī > -ino); the original type qiftī is still reflected by the ancient Italian and Romance variants chafethi, cafeti and cafati.
A Narrow Wall System to Capture Temperature Stress–Strain Behavior in Paste Backfill
Authors: Ting Wee Kiet , Hasan Alsidqi , Sahdi Fauzan , Linda Taib Siti Noor , Sutan Norsuzailina Mohamed , Aziz Badhrulhisham Abdul , Fourie Andy
Published: March 2019

Placing mine tailings back into underground mined-out stopes is becoming increasingly used internationally because it improves ore recovery, reduces dilution of valuable ore, and increases environmental benefits due to the reduced size of the storage facilities of surface tailings. In recent years, a number of stopes backfilled with cemented paste backfill have been instrumented with load cells and piezometers to improve our understanding of in situ behavior. Many of these studies have reported results that show increases in measured total stresses when there is no increase in applied load, i.e., even when the backfilling process has been long completed. One explanation is that these stress increases result from expansive volume changes of the backfill as it hydrates and generates heat. This article proposes and describes a novel laboratory apparatus called a narrow wall system to investigate this hypothesis, focusing on modeling narrow stopes as these are relatively common in backfill applications. Results from the experiments agree qualitatively with the reported field observations, showing clear increases in measured pressure during periods of temperature increase. The article concludes that the proposed narrow wall system works effectively and has been able to capture the temperature stress–strain behavior of paste backfill. Thus, the temperature effect hypothesis has now been supported by evidence. Using the system, further studies related to geometrical or scale effects are suggested. The results are important for academics and engineers to improve backfill design in mining operations.
Discrete Element Analysis of Indirect Tensile Test Based on Image Processing with Annular Segmentation and Bimodal Threshold
Authors: Li Xuelian , Liu Xueying , Lv Xinchao , Zhou Yuhao
Published: March 2019

The discrete element method (DEM) has recently been widely used to analyze the micromechanics behavior of asphalt mixtures. The objective of this study is to present a more accurate image-processing technique to perform an indirect tensile test of asphalt mixture. Cross-sectional images of the specimen were obtained by an X-ray computed tomography (CT) technique. These CT images were processed by annular segmentation combined with bimodal threshold. The image information was transformed to coordinate information by the user-defined program in Matrix Laboratory (MATLAB). Then, a two-dimensional discrete element model of the indirect tensile test specimen was reconstructed. The indirect tensile test was simulated by the DEM and verified in the laboratory. It was found that this image-processing technology could separate connected or overlapping aggregates and better avoid defects among the aggregates. During the simulation test, the distributed internal forces were gradually concentrated along the loading axis. Four-stage crack initially appeared directly under the loading area and quickly developed along the interface between the aggregate and mortar, mainly along the loading axis. In view of the consistency of the load–displacement curves and crack distribution characteristics in both the simulation and laboratory tests, this numerical method is able to simulate the indirect tensile test.
Immediate Motivators to Seeking Voluntary Medical Male Circumcision Among HIV-Negative Adult Men in an Urban Setting in Botswana
Authors: Spees Lisa P. , Ledikwe Jenny H. , Kleinman Nora J. , Ntsuape Conrad , Semo Bazghina-werq , Barnhart Scott , Wirth Kathleen E.
Published: March 2019

Randomized trials have shown that voluntary medical male circumcision (VMMC) significantly reduces HIV acquisition risk in men. We sought to identify subpopulations of Botswanan men with high levels of VMMC uptake by comparing an observational cohort of men presenting for circumcision services at two high-volume clinics in Botswana's capital city, Gabo-rone, with a matched, population-based random sample of uncircumcised men. Among these high uptake VMMC subpopulations, we then examined the immediate factors that play a role in men's decision to seek VMMC services. As compared to their population-based controls, men choosing to undergo circumcision were more likely to be ages 24–34, more highly educated, to have a religious affiliation, and in a serious relationship. Our results suggest that married men and highly educated men were more likely to pursue circumcision for personal hygiene reasons. These findings have direct implications for targeted demand creation and mobilization activities to increase VMMC uptake in Botswana.
Applying mass spectrometric methods to study androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in prostate cancer
Authors: Knuuttila Matias , Hämäläinen Esa , Poutanen Matti
Published: March 2019

Recent development of gas chromatography and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS, LC-MS/MS) has provided novel tools to define sex steroid concentrations. These new methods overcome several of the problems associated with immunoassays for sex steroids. With the novel MS-based applications we are now able to measure small concentrations of the steroid hormones reliably and with high accuracy in both body fluids and tissue homogenates. The sensitivity of the tandem mass spectrometry assays allows us also for the first time to reliably measure picomolar or even femtomolar concentrations of estrogens and androgens. Furthermore, due to a high sensitivity and specificity of MS technology, we are also able to measure low concentrations of steroid hormones of interest in the presence of pharmacological concentration of other steroids and structurally closely related compounds. Both of these features are essential for multiple preclinical models for prostate cancer. The MS assays are also valuable for the simultaneous measurement of multiple steroids and their metabolites in small sample volumes in serum and tissue biopsies of prostate cancer patients before and after drug interventions. As a result, novel information about steroid hormone synthesis and metabolic pathways in prostate cancer has been obtained. In our recent studies, we have extensively applied a GC-MS/MS method to study androgen biosynthesis and metabolism in VCaP prostate cancer xenografts in mice. In the present review, we shortly summarize some of the benefits of the GC-MS/MS and novel LC-MS/MS assays, and provide examples of their use in defining novel mechanisms of androgen action in prostate cancer.
Nazopalatin kanal ve klinik önemi: Derleme
Authors: Hakbilen Selçuk , Mağat Guldane
Published: March 2019

Amaç: Premaksilla olarak da adlandırılan anterior
maksilla, diş implantlarının yerleştirilmesi, çapraşık veya süpernümerer
dişlerin cerrahi olarak çıkarılması, periodontal cerrahi, santral dişlerin
apikal rezeksiyonu, kistlerin enükleasyonu, LeFort I osteotomi, cerrahi içeren
hızlı palatal genişleme ve lokal anestezi gibi sıklıkla cerrahi müdahaleler
gerektiren bir alandır. Travmaya veya diş kaybına maruz kalan en yaygın
bölgedir. Anterior maksilla içerisindeki en belirgin anatomik oluşum ise
nazopalatin kanaldır (NPK). Anterior maksiller bölgenin ameliyatı, dental ve
yüz estetiği ile fonksiyonu üzerinde güçlü bir etkiye sahiptir. Bu bölgeyi
içeren cerrahi işlemler, hastaların psikolojik ve sosyolojik sonuçlarıyla
birlikte kişisel görüntüsünü etkileyebilir. Sonuç olarak, cerrahi planlamayı
optimize etmek, bu anatomik bölgedeki lezyonların etiyopatogenezini açıklayabilecek
teorilerin kurulması ve bu bölgedeki muhtemel komplikasyonları (vasküler ve
sinir dallarının olası yaralanmaları) önlemek için NPK’nın pozisyonu,
morfolojisi ve boyutlarının değerlendirilmesi önemlidir. Bu derlemede, NPK’nın
anatomik ve morfometrik özellikleri detaylı olarak incelenecektir.Gereç ve Yöntemler:Bulgular:Sonuçlar:Anahtar Kelimeler:
Comparison of different universal adhesives’ bond strength to laser-assisted bleached enamel
Authors: Oz Fatma Dilsad , Yazıcı Ayşe Rüya , Atalay Cansu
Published: March 2019

Objective:
The aim
of this in vitro study was to
evaluate the bond strength of several universal adhesives used in different
application modes to laser-assisted bleached enamel.Materials
and Methods: Freshly
extracted 72 sound bovine incisors were used for the study. The teeth were
bleached with 38% of hydrogen peroxide gel that was activated with a diode
laser (Epic). The diode laser
with a 949nm wavelength was used at 7 W in continuous mode for 30 s. After
bleaching procedure, the teeth were kept in artificial saliva for 2 weeks. The bleached teeth were randomly assigned into three groups according to
different universal adhesive systems (n=24); Single Bond Universal-SU,
All-Bond Universal-ABU and Adhese Universal-ADU. All
adhesives were applied in two modes: a- etch&rinse (ER); and b- self etch
(SE). A cylinder-shaped resin composite was placed on treated surfaces and
cured. After storage of specimen in distilled water for 24 h, they were
subjected to shear bond strength test. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA
followed by Bonferroni test (α = 0.05) Results: The
highest mean shear bond strength values were obtained in Single
Bond Universal group used in self-etch mode (p<0.05). No difference was
observed between All-Bond Universal and Adhese Universal. In etch&rinse
application mode, Adhese Universal resulted in significantly lower bond
strength values (p<0.05) than Single Bond Universal and All-Bond Universal. For all groups, etch&rinse application mode caused significantly
higher bond strength values.

Conclusion: The
bonding performance of tested universal adhesives was enhanced with the
etch&rinse mode application  to diode
laser- assisted bleached enamel. Key Words: Diode
laser, universal adhesives, bleaching
Identification of a Rat Mammary Tumor Risk Locus That Is Syntenic with the Commonly Amplified 8q12.1 and 8q22.1 Regions in Human Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Plasterer Cody , Tsaih Shirng-Wern , Lemke Angela , Schilling Rebecca , Dwinell Melinda , Rau Andrea , Auer Paul , Rui Hallgeir , Flister Michael J
Published: March 2019

Breast cancer risk is 31% heritable, yet the majority of the underlying risk factors remain poorly defined. Here, we used F2-linkage analysis in a rat mammary tumor model to identify a novel 11.2 Mb modifier locus of tumor incidence and burden on rat chromosome 5 (chr5: 15.4 – 26.6 Mb). Genomic and RNA sequencing analysis identified four differentially expressed candidates: TMEM68, IMPAD1, SDCBP, and RBM12B. Analysis of the human syntenic candidate region revealed that SDCBP is in close proximity to a previously reported genetic risk locus for human breast cancer. Moreover, analysis of the candidate genes in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) revealed that they fall within the commonly amplified 8q12.1 and 8q22.1 regions in human breast cancer patients and are correlated with worse overall survival. Collectively, this study presents novel evidence suggesting that TMEM68, IMPAD1, SDCBP, and RBM12B are potential modifiers of human breast cancer risk and outcome.
Diabetic Cardiomyopathy: Five Major Questions with Simple Answers
Authors: Rodriguez-Ramos Miguel Alejandro
Published: March 2019

Diabetes is a major risk factor for heart disease. Diabetic cardiomyopathy is a long-lasting process that affects the myocardium in patients who have no other cardiac conditions. The condition has a complex physiopathology which can be subdivided into processes that cause diastolic and/or systolic dysfunction. It is believed to be more common than reported, but this has not been confirmed by a large study. Diagnosis can involve imaging; biomarkers cannot be used to identify diabetic cardiomyopathy at an early stage. In people with diabetes, there should be a focus on prevention and, if diabetic cardiomyopathy develops, the objective is to delay disease progression. Further studies into identifying and managing diabetic cardiomyopathy are essential to reduce the risk of heart failure in people with diabetes.
Value of MitraClip in Reducing Functional Mitral Regurgitation
Authors: Elbey Mehmet Ali , Palma Dallan Luis Augusto , Attizzani Guilherme Ferragut ,   Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, OH
Published: March 2019

Patients with heart failure who have secondary severe mitral regurgitation due to left ventricular dysfunction have a poor prognosis, with high rates of rehospitalization and mortality. Percutaneous mitral valve repair using the MitraClip (Abbott) has been shown to be safe and effective in secondary severe mitral regurgitation with heart failure. The number of MitraClip procedures performed has increased significantly, as recently published large, randomized clinical studies have shown. However, these studies have drawn different conclusions. This review aims to summarize the current evidence for the MitraClip procedure and provide information for its safe and successful implementation, comparing the studies that examined the use of MitraClip versus medical therapy alone or surgical repair for severe secondary mitral regurgitation.
Transcatheter Edge-to-edge Repair of Severe Tricuspid Regurgitation
Authors: Lin Shu-I , Miura Mizuki , Maisano Francesco , Zuber Michel , Gavazzoni Mara , Ho Edwin C , Pozzoli Alberto , Taramasso Maurizio
Published: March 2019

Despite the increasing knowledge of the long-term adverse consequence of severe tricuspid regurgitation (TR), most patients with moderate- to-severe TR are still treated conservatively because of the high risk of surgery. Percutaneous procedures have emerged as an attractive alternative treatment. Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair is a validated technique to treat mitral regurgitation. In recent years, the same concept has been applied to patients with TR and prohibitive operative risk. Early trials have shown feasibility and safety. More clinical experiences and long-term results are still being gathered. In this article, we provide an overview of transcatheter edge-to-edge repair and look at the current evidence and clinical results regarding procedure.
The Next 10 Years in Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Turner Jeffrey L , Marrouche Nassir
Published: March 2019

Predicting future advancements in arrhythmia management – specifically AF – with any certainty is impossible. The clinical approach to AF has changed markedly since the turn of the century in ways that could never have been foreseen, but the current methods of identification and treatment remain far from perfect. Over the next decade we expect significant continued progress in AF management. However, if asked to forecast the future, we consider it wise to predict advancements in the nearer term. We believe there will be widespread expansion in digital health and mobile devices, altering the way we detect and monitor the arrhythmia. We expect substantial growth in advanced MRI to aid in early detection, evaluation, and possibly non-invasive treatment of AF substrate. We imagine there will be increasing focus on individual populations to identify at-risk groups and personalize early management. We also anticipate improvement in anticoagulation employment and left atrial appendage modification. Finally, recognizing the benefit of improvement in modifiable risk factors such as mandatory tobacco cessation and weight loss in obese patients, we predict that reimbursement will be dependent on successfully addressing modifiable risk. For now, several questions remain unanswered, and while no one can predict the next 10 years in AF, there is, without doubt, an abundance of opportunity.
Diagnosis and Therapy of Cardiac Sarcoidosis: A Clinical Perspective
Authors: Sigman Steven R
Published: March 2019

Cardiac sarcoidosis, either as part of a systemic process or in its isolated form, is an important and increasingly recognized disorder. It is associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality, including sudden cardiac death. Early recognition and prompt initiation of treatment is life-saving. A team approach, involving general cardiologists, cardiac electrophysiologists, cardiac imaging specialists and radiologists, is the key to best diagnose and manage this complex disorder. Advanced cardiac imaging with PET and MRI is useful for both diagnosis and managment of therapy. Treatment for this disorder involves immunosuppresant therapy, ICDs, and guideline-directed medical therapy of congestive heart failure.
Everything in Moderation: Investigating the U-Shaped Link Between HDL Cholesterol and Adverse Outcomes
Authors: Allard-Ratick Marc P , Sandesara Pratik B , Quyyumi Arshed A , Sperling Laurence S
Published: March 2019

Despite historical evidence suggesting an inverse association between HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and adverse cardiovascular events, pharmacological efforts to increase HDL-C and improve outcomes have not been successful. Recently, a U-shaped association between HDL-C and adverse events has been demonstrated in several population cohorts, further complicating our understanding of the clinical significance of HDL. Potential explanations for this finding include genetic mutations linked to very high HDL-C, impaired HDL function at high HDL-C levels, and residual confounding. However, our understanding of this association remains premature and needs further investigation.
Role of Drug-coated Balloons in Small-vessel Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Megaly Michael , Saad Marwan , Brilakis Emmanouil S
Published: March 2019

Percutaneous coronary intervention of small-vessel coronary artery disease (SVD) remains challenging due to difficulties with device delivery and high restenosis rate, even with the use of newer-generation drug-eluting stents. Drug-coated balloons represent an attractive emerging percutaneous coronary intervention option in patients with SVD. Potential advantages of drug-coated balloons in SVD include enhanced deliverability because of their small profile, avoidance of foreign-body implantation, and shorter duration of dual antiplatelet therapy.
El protagonismo de la infancia en las Comisiones de la Verdad: desafíos y retos para el posconflicto en Colombia
Authors: Bácares Camilo
Published: March 2019

Este texto tiene como objetivo aportar, desde algunas revisiones históricas, políticas y jurídicas, al esclarecimiento de las violencias perpetradas contra los Niños, Niñas y Adolescentes (NNA) que la Comisión para el Esclarecimiento de la Verdad, la Convivencia y la No Repetición (CEV) tiene que realizar por mandato del Decreto 588 de 2017 y lo contenido en el Acuerdo Final para la Terminación del Conflicto y la Construcción de una Paz Estable y Duradera. Para ello, aquí se proyecta una lectura comparada de lo hecho en nueve comisiones de la verdad en cuanto a los derechos de la niñez y se proponen tres pautas que le podrían servir a la CEV para que los NNA participen de sus procesos y se logre un informe final diversificado y profundo sobre la situación de la infancia en la guerra colombiana.
“Ser pilo no paga”: privatización, desigualdad y desfinanciamiento de la universidad pública en Colombia
Authors: Mora Andrés Felipe , Múnera Leopoldo
Published: March 2019

En el segundo gobierno de Juan Manuel Santos, “Ser Pilo Paga” se convirtió en la principal política de acceso de los jóvenes de escasos recursos económicos a la educación universitaria de calidad. El propósito de este documento consiste en exponer los impactos negativos de este programa en materia de privatización, desigualdad y desfinanciamiento de la universidad pública en Colombia. De acuerdo con los objetivos y evolución de “Ser Pilo Paga”, se mostrarán sus límites en términos de (a) la profundización del crédito educativo como dispositivode financiamiento; (b) la concentración de los recursos en las universidades privadas; (c) el debilitamiento financiero de las universidades públicas; (d) la ineficiencia del programa;(e) la reproducción de las desigualdades regionales y de clase social; (f) los riesgos oligopólicos que produce y (g) su incoherencia con respecto a las prácticas de los países que integran la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE). Se concluye insistiendo en la necesidad de establecer un modelo de financiamiento que, atendiendo a principios deuniversalidad, incondicionalidad e individualidad, se comprometa con la defensa de la educación superior como un derecho y bien común.