bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Eritme Potasından Kültürel Çoğulculuğa Amerikan Deneyimi: “Crash/ Çarpışma” Filmi Bağlamında Bir Çözümleme
Authors: ŞAN Mustafa Kemal , YILDIRIM Emine
Published: November 2023

İnsanların sahip olduğu din, dil, etnisite, kültür, cinsiyet ve benzeri farklılıklar bireysel kimliklerini oluşturmaktadırlar. Özellikle günümüzde teknolojik gelişmeler vasıtasıyla yaşanan toplumsal hareketlenmeler birbirinden oldukça farklı kimlikten bireylerin bir araya gelmesini sağlamış ve çok uluslu yapılara sahip devletleri ve bu devletlerde farklı kimliklerin tanınması ve kültürel farklara saygı gösterilmesini talep eden azınlık grupların sorunlarını ortaya çıkarmıştır. Çeşitli etnik gruba sahip olan ülkelerde birlikte yaşama sorununa çözümler getirebilmek için çeşitli çoğulculuk ve çokkültürcülük politikaları geliştirilmiştir. Bu politikalar Kanada ve Avustralya ülkelerinde farklılıkları tanıyan ve “hoşgürü”yü içeren çokkültürcülüğü devlet politikası olarak tanınması şeklinde gerçekleşirken, kendi devlet yapısını çok kültürlü olarak tanımayan Amerikan deneyiminde ise, etnik, dini ve ulusal kimlikleri içinde eriterek yeni oluşumları ortaya çıkaracaklarına inandıkları eritme potası metaforundan, kültürel çoğulculuğa gibi yaklaşımlar ile bu sorunu çözmeye çalıştıkları bilinmektedir.

Bu makalede 2004 yılı Amerikan yapımı olan, Paul Haggis’in yazdığı ve yönettiği Crash filmini metin söylem analizi bağlamında değerlendirmeye çalışacağız. Film ABD’nin etnik ve kültürel çeşitliliği en yüksek olan Kaliforniya Eyaleti Los Angeles şehrinde geçiyor. Şehir Hispanik dominant bir nüfusa sahip olmanın yanında Asya Pasifik, Ortadoğu gibi dünyanın her yerinden gelen insanları da bir arada yaşatıyor. Filmde yönetmen Meksika kökenli bir polis memuru, siyahileri, İranlı bir aileyi ve pek çok etnik kökene sahip gruptan gelen insanı bir araya getirerek Amerika’nın kendi içinde yaşamış olduğu ırkçılık sorununa derinden ve çok cesurca müdahalelerde bulunuyor. “En İyi Film”, “En İyi Orijinal Senaryo” ve “En İyi Kurgu” dallarında Akademi ödülünü almış olan “Crash” filmi esasında Amerika’nın bünyesinde barındırdığı muazzam çeşitliliği ve farklılıkları yok etmeyi ve Amerikan kimliğinde eritmeyi hedefleyen eritme potasından kültürel çoğulculuğa pek çok meseleyi de sinemanın ifade gücü ile gözler önüne serme başarısı gösteriyor.
TÜRK KADIN EDEBİYATÇILARIN İNTİHARI VE ESERLERİNE YANSIYAN ÖLÜM OLGUSU
Authors: SARI Beyza Nur , ALAN Selami
Published: November 2023

Mevcut verilere göre, 15. yy. ile 20. yy. arasında altmış yedi Türk kadın şair yaşamıştır. Değişim ve gelişmelere bağlı olarak bu sayı, 19. ve 20. yüzyıllarda artış göstermiştir. Özellikle cumhuriyetin ilanından sonra sosyal ve kültürel hayatta belli bir konuma ulaşmaya başlayan Türk kadınları, edebiyat alanında daha aktif rol almışlardır. Eserlerinde ise genel konuların yanında, yaşadıkları zorlukları ve bazen de hissettikleri ölüm arzusunu anlatmışlardır. Hatta ölümle birlikte intihar olgusunu da ele almış ve bazıları intihara eylemsel açıdan yaklaşmıştır. Dolayısıyla ölüm ve intihar olgusundan hareketle edebiyatçıların intihara neden meylettiklerinin ipuçlarını eserlerde bulmak mümkündür. Bu bağlamda Türk edebiyatının intihar eden veya teşebbüste bulunan kadın edebiyatçıları Yaşar Nezihe Bükülmez, Rabia Bayraktar, Tezer Özlü, Nilgün Marmara, Kanat Güner ve Ayşe Altan’ın eserleri üzerine yapılan bu çalışma da onların ölüm ve intihar hakkındaki düşüncelerini tespit etmeyi amaçlamaktadır.
İngiliz Dış Politikasında Rusya-Ukrayna Savaşı: Putin Hükümetinin Güvenlikleştirilmesi
Authors: DİNÇER Melih
Published: November 2023

Bu makalede Birleşik Krallık’ın Putin rejimini güvenlikleştirdiği argümanı ileri sürülmektedir. Çalışmanın amacı Birleşik Krallık’ın Rusya’nın Ukrayna’yı işgaline karşı nasıl bir dış politika izlediğini güvenlikleştirme teorisi üzerinden analiz etmektir. İşgalin ardından Birleşik Krallık nasıl bir dış politika uygulamıştır? Başbakan Boris Johnson’ın açıklamaları, başbakanlık ofisinin resmi açıklamaları, Birleşik Krallık Parlamentosu’ndaki Avam Kamarası ve Lordlar Kamarası’nın görüşme kayıtları ve İngiliz gazeteleri analiz edilmektedir. Liz Truss ve Rishi Sunak dönemlerindeki dış politika analiz edilmektedir. YouGov kuruluşunun yaptığı anketlerden yararlanılmıştır. Yapılan analizin sonucunda Putin rejiminin Avrupa ülkelerinin güvenliği için varoluşsal bir tehdit olarak algılandığı sonucuna varılmıştır. Rusya’ya karşı olağanüstü önlemler alınması gerektiğine karar verilmiştir. YouGov anketlerine göre, Britanyalıların yüzde 64’ü Rusya’yı Avrupa ülkeleri ve Britanya için tehdit olarak görmektedir.
Neoliberalizmin Özne Yönetimi Sürecinde Sağ Popülizmin İşlevi: Sınıfsal Düzlemden Kaçış
Authors: EZGİN Emre
Published: November 2023

Neoliberalizmin bünyesinde yer alan siyasal kültür ve rasyonalite; toplumun ve öznenin hayatının her zerresine etki eden önemli dönüşümleri gerektiren bütüncül bir anlayışı temsil eder. Öyle ki, söz konusu dönüşümler geleneksel ahlakçı bir düzlemde hiyerarşik ve dışlayıcı bir kültürü ihtiva emekle birlikte özneye, “özgür” ama sistemin oluşturduğu toplumsal riskleri yüklenen girişimci bir sermaye rolüyle kolektiviteden yoksun bir konumlandırmayı betimler. Bu yönetimsellik anlayışı zemininde öznenin örgütlenme ve mücadele etme potansiyeli elinden alınmakla birlikte sorumluluk özneye yüklenir. Finansal sermayenin akışkanlık ve sorumluluk alanında özgürleşmesi, pazar alanının genişlemesi ve emeğin yerelleşerek yalnızlaşmasıyla oluşan eşitsizlik temelli sorunlar, sınıfsal düzlemden popülist sağın ahlaki-geleneksel söylemine aktarılır. Bu sayede sisteme yönelik eleştirel yaklaşımın önü kapatılır. Bir başka ifadeyle, ulus devletin otoriterleşerek, sermaye odaklı sorumsuzluğu besleyen tavrı, neoliberal rasyonalitenin toplumsal dayanışma ve mücadele potansiyeli üzerinde yarattığı tahribatı derinleştirir.
Trablusgarp Savaşı Sırasında Deniz Hakimiyeti Mücadelesinin The New York Times Gazetesi Haberlerine Yansıması
Authors: ÇETİN Vahide
Published: November 2023

Trablusgarp Savaşı, Osmanlı Devleti ve İtalya arasında 13 ay sürmüştür. Bu savaş gerek yerel gerekse uluslararası basında yer almıştır. Özellikle basında kamuoyunun merak ettiği, Büyük Güçler olarak anılan İngiltere, Fransa, Almanya ve Rusya’nın onayını ve desteğini alan İtalya’nın bu ülkelere verdiği savaşın yerel kalacağına ve Adriyatik ile Ege Denizi’ne sıçramayacağına, boğazlara saldırının olmayacağına dair verdiği sözleri tutup tutmayacağıyla ilgili konular haber olmuştur. İtalya’nın sömürge alanı olarak seçtiği Trablusgarp’ta mücadelenin uzaması nedeniyle ekonomisinin bozulmaya başlaması üzerine İtalya verdiği sözlerden dönerek Osmanlı Devleti’ni zor durumda bırakarak barış şartlarını kabul ettirmek için Farsan Adaları’nı ve 12 Ada’yı işgal etmiş ve Çanakkale Boğazı’na saldırılar düzenlemiştir. Böylece savaş Kızıldeniz’e, Doğu Akdeniz’e ve Ege Denizi’ne yayılmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı Trablusgarp Savaşı’nda denizlerdeki hâkimiyet mücadelesinin The New York Times Gazetesi’nde nasıl ele alındığını incelemektir.
The Role of Women’s Socio-Economic Status in Divorce Decision
Authors: CEBECİOĞLU Gülçin , ALTIPARMAK İpek Beyza
Published: November 2023

Today, it is very important to analyze divorce rate increases and the changes in the family structure sociologically. Based on this idea, the role of women's socio-economic characteristics on the divorce is discussed decision in this paper. In-depth interview technique was used in the research and in-depth interviews were conducted with 20 divorced women living in Nilufer District of Bursa. It is concluded that women were negatively affected by economic problems experienced during the marriage process and this situation had an effect on the divorce decision. It is also determined that the economic situation of the woman causes such situations as tension, violence and desperation in social life, and then it has an impact on women's decision-making in the process and their attempt to get rid of problem areas.
Revolutionary Painting and the Palestinian Revolution
Authors: Chabaa Mohammed
Published: November 2023

In 1974, Moroccan cultural journal Intégral published a special edition on the first Arab biennial of visual arts, which had just taken place in Baghdad. The two documents translated here come from this special edition, and both of them deal with the Palestinian presence at the landmark exhibition. Moroccan artist Mohamad Chebaa and Italian-Moroccan art historian Toni Maraini each consider Palestine an ideal arena for the development of decolonial “combat art,” but express disappointment with its pavilion's emphasis on folk idioms over images of armed struggle. The introduction to these documents situates them in relation to Moroccan and Palestinian discourses surrounding heritage and colonialism, arguing that the Palestinian context erodes the distinction between “folk” and “combat” art in ways foreign to the Casablanca-based intellectuals.
Frequency of injuries and orthopaedic conditions sustained by flyball dogs
Authors: Blake S. , Melfi V. , Tabor G. , Wills A.P.
Published: November 2023

The risk of injury to canine flyball competitors has been noted as similar to that reported for canine agility, affecting approximately one third of competitors throughout their careers. To date, no studies have examined whether elements such as consistently turning in one direction during the box turn are associated with specific types of injuries. The aims of this study were to describe the frequency and types of injuries experienced by flyball dogs and to evaluate variables that may affect injury occurrence at specific anatomical sites which may give insight into potential ways of reducing injury risk. An online questionnaire, sent to owners, was used to obtain data on 75 dogs that had sustained an injury whilst training or competing in flyball in the last five years. Among the 75 dogs, the most common location was the shoulder region (n = 17; 16.8% of injured dogs), followed by the back and trunk (n = 16; 15.8%). Back injuries had the highest recorded number of repeat injuries n = 66 (24.63%), and when all individual injuries were considered, 44.40% (n = 119) of them occurred on the forelimbs. The most common type of injury was inflammation to soft tissue. There was a statistically significant association between the direction the dog turns at the box and the side of occurrence of injuries at the shoulder (X2(2) = 13.71, ), with injuries most likely to occur to the limb on the inside of the turn (left turn = left shoulder). For hip injuries, there was also an association with the most affected side and the side of the box turn (X2(2) = 6.702, ), with injuries most likely to occur on the limb at the outside of the turn (left turn = right hip). These findings identify new risk factors for injury within flyball which can be used to improve welfare and safety for competitors.
Intra-rater reliability, minimum detectable change, and sensitivity of equilibrium coordination tests for school-going children
Authors: Sharma N. , Goyal M. , Samuel A.J.
Published: November 2023

Reliability and other properties for most equilibrium coordination tests have not been established yet among children. Hence, the aim of the present study was to find out the intra-rater reliability, minimum detectable change, and sensitivity of sideways walking, tandem walking, cross-stepping, heel walking, and toe walking among children. 1,104 children of age group 8-17 years with convenient sampling were recruited for the study. Children were asked to perform sideways walking, tandem walking, cross-stepping, heel walking, and toe walking in a non-orderly fashion one by one, and three readings were obtained. The time taken (in seconds) was recorded through calibrated stopwatch. Relative reliability was determined through the Intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC3,1) and Cronbach’s alpha, while the coefficient of variation (CV%) and standard error of mean (SEM) were used to establish absolute reliability. The sensitivity of the tests was evaluated by comparing the values of the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) and SEM. minimum detectable change at 95% confidence interval (MDC95) was also estimated. Intra-rater reliability of sideways walking, tandem walking, cross stepping, heel walking, and toe walking to cover a 10 m distance was estimated as 0.97, 0.98, 0.98, 0.94, and 0.97, respectively. Excellent absolute reliability of the tests was established with values less than one. Sensitivity was found to be ‘Good’ for all the tests. Sideways walking, tandem walking, cross-stepping, heel walking, and toe walking are highly reliable tools for the assessment of coordination among children.

Registered on Clinical trials with trial no. NCT05159297.
Biological reduction of aflatoxin M1 in dairy products using probiotic strains: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Monjazeb Marvdashti L. , Emadi A. , Eslami M. , Yousefi B. , Arabameri M. , Abdolshahi A. , Shariatifar N.
Published: November 2023

Aflatoxins are naturally occurring toxic substances produced mainly by species of the genusAspergillus that can contaminate almost all foodstuffs. Apart from the harmful effects they have on human and animal health, they can be secreted unchanged in animal milk and cause contamination of milk and its products. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major and most toxic type of aflatoxin after aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). The use of probiotic strains to reduce the amount of aflatoxin in milk and by-products has been observed in many studies. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, articles in PubMed, Scopus, Google Scholar and ISI Web of Science were searched to find eligible studies that reported reduction of AFM1 using probiotics in dairy products. The results were pooled using a random-effects model. In most studies, the efficiency of probiotics in milk has been tested byLactobacillus strains. The results indicated that probiotic microorganisms could significantly reduce AFM1 by 55.76% (confidence interval (CI): 54.35%, 57.16%; I2 = 100%). Besides, the rank order of AFM1 reduction in dairy products based on probiotic strain subgroup was:Lactobacillus 51.99% (CI: 50.14%, 53.85%, I2 = 100%),Saccharomyces 67.36% (CI: 65.05%, 69.67%, I2 = 100%),Bifidobacterium 54.80% (CI: 54.18%, 55.43%, I2 = 99.9%), and 61.90% (CI: 53.80%, 70.00%, I2 = 100%) by a mix of strains. Considering the high binding potential of AFM1 to probiotic strains, these microorganisms can be recommended as a safe system to reduce AFM1 in dairy products.
Biodegradation of aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus terreus HNGD-TM15 and its degradation mechanism
Authors: Wu T. , Ning M. , Zhang S. , Xie Y. , Li Q. , Sun S.
Published: November 2023

The Aspergillus terreus strain HNGD-TM15 that was isolated from soil grown with rosemary was shown to efficiently degrade aflatoxin B1 (AFB1). Specifically, AFB1 was degraded by the strain’s fermentation broth at a maximum degradation rate of 98.3%. HPLC and LC-MS analyses detected a degradation product with an m/z ion value of 312.0636. Its molecular formula was C18H39NO3, which was tentatively identified as 2-amino-1, 3,4-octadecatriol. Based on LC-MS results and further analysis, it was revealed that a series of reactions, such as decomposition, reduction (lactone ring hydrogenation) and substitution (hydrolysis), occurred during the degradation of AFB1. Therefore, A. terreus HNGD-TM15 has a great potential for application in the detoxification of AFB1 contaminating food and feed products.
Preharvest and postharvest management practices related to mycotoxin contamination in maize in Ethiopia – a review
Authors: Sadik J.A. , Fentahun N. , Brouwer I.D. , Tessema M. , van der Fels-Klerx H.J.
Published: November 2023

Mycotoxins are fungal metabolites that commonly contaminate food crops such as maize. Conducive climatic conditions together with improper crop value chain practices are favorable for mycotoxin contamination. Previous studies in Ethiopia have indicated that mycotoxin contamination in maize is prevalent. For the implementation of proper mycotoxin prevention and control strategies, identifying the current local value chain practices that are related to mycotoxin contamination is needed. This review investigates current preharvest and postharvest management practices of maize cultivation in Ethiopia in relation to mycotoxin contamination and identifies gaps in knowledge and priority areas for future research. Findings indicate that the majority of applied preharvest and postharvest practices of maize in Ethiopia seem to favor mycotoxin contamination. Recent developments in grain drying and storage technologies, which are also potential mycotoxin management strategies, are facing constraints for proper implementation in subsistence farmers’ level.
Perception of cat owners on the use of insects as feed ingredients for cats
Authors: Villanueva V. , Valdés F. , Zavala S. , Yáñez J.M. , Valenzuela C.
Published: November 2023

Currently, insects represent a sustainable alternative to animal-based ingredients for pet food, but there is little information on the willingness of cat owners to incorporate insects into their pet diets. The objective of this study was to assess the perception of cat owners to feed insect-based feed. Between June and August 2021, an on-line survey was provided to cat owners in Chile; of the total number of participants (1684), the majority were female (89.2%), with university education (73%) and omnivorous eating habits (63.7%). Participants had an average of 2 cats per household with indoor lifestyle (70.2%). Most participants (63.6%) were willing to feed insects to their cats. Participants were more willing to feed their cats treats containing 20% insect meal (Overall willingness (OW) = 7.1 ± 3.1, on a scale of 1 to 10), than pure insect meal (OW = 4.9 ± 3.3) or whole insects (OW = 4.4 ± 3.3). Cricket meal treats were the most acceptable. Acceptance toward insects increased when mentioning the environmental benefits of insect production (OW = 7.6 ± 2.9). Participants more willing to offer insect-based treats to their cats were also more willing to use pure insect meal and even whole insects. The reasons for not wanting to include insects in cat feed were disgust, unfamiliarity and preference for traditional pet foods.
Growth performance and fatty acids profile of common carp fed with raw black soldier fly larvae and honey bee drone brood
Authors: Gebauer R. , Seeger R. , Gebauer T. , Wegener J. , Kloas W. , Schaefer F.J.
Published: November 2023

The present study aimed to compare the growth performance and liver and muscle fatty acid (FA) profile of juvenile common carp fed with raw black soldier fly (BSFL; Hermetia illucens) and honey bee drone brood (BDB; Apis mellifera), a novel insect in aquaculture, with a commercial carp diet (CCF). After 6 weeks, the weight gain and specific growth rate were significantly higher in fish fed with CCF, followed by the BDB-fed and BSFL-fed fish, with significant differences among groups. The essential FA contents in feeds were disproportionally mirrored in fish livers and muscles, suggesting feed-dependant biosynthesis ability in common carp. In conclusion, the results suggest that dietary FAs affect the muscle FA composition of common carp. Yet, the composition of dietary essential FAs content did not mirror the essential FA content in muscle, confirming the biosynthesis of essential FAs. The BDB appeared to be a viable alternative or supplement to CCF compliant with circular bioeconomy without compromising the FA profile of common carp muscles. Despite the low growth performance of fish fed with BSFL, this diet indicated good nutritional qualities regarding the FA profiles.
Effect of various odour attractants on egg-laying activity of black soldier flies (Hermetia illucens)
Authors: Zim J. , Chkih H. , Bouharroud R. , Sarehane M. , Lhomme P.
Published: November 2023

The black soldier fly, Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is a cosmopolitan fly. Its feeding behaviour, high productivity and the high value of its larvae in macronutrients (mainly lipids and proteins) makes this species one of the promising candidates for large scale insect farming and organic waste management. The reproductive rate, female oviposition preference and oviposition attractants of H. illucens are understudied. A better knowledge of the attractants involved in oviposition site choice would help maximising black soldier fly reproductive success. The current study aims to compare the efficacy of four food attractants on the oviposition activity of H. illucens females. The trial was conducted in a cage (11 × 1.25 × 0.9 m) with a volume of 12.38 m3 and containing 83,610 adults (6750 adults/m3). The cages were placed in a rearing room where the conditions were: T = 28 ± 1 °C, RH = 70 ± 5%, photoperiod of 16 h light: 8 h dark and light intensity = 8140 Lux). The tested feeds included a rabbit feed, fish waste (sardine, sardinella, and anchovy waste), a mixture of tropical fruits (pineapple, banana, papaya and mango), and fresh cattle manure. The performance of each feed attractant was evaluated in terms of the mass of eggs laid on the laying medium. This study showed that fruit mixture is the most efficient attractant, followed by fresh cattle manure and fish waste while the rabbit feed was the least efficient. The results of this study can be used to optimise the reproduction of the black soldier fly.
Effects of diet on the biological activities and content of functional components of silkworm Bombyx mori and its faeces
Authors: Tagawa Y. , Kawahara T. , Kotani S. , Wada M.
Published: November 2023

Silkworm, Bombyx mori, and its faeces are notable healthy foods because of their biologically active components originating from mulberry (Morus spp.) leaves. However, in modern sericulture, silkworms are reared on artificial diet made primarily from defatted soybeans and dried mulberry leaf powder throughout the year. Neither the contents of functional components nor the biological activities of silkworms and their faeces raised on artificial diet have been investigated. Therefore, 1-deoxynojirimycin (DNJ) content, α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), total phenolic, total flavonoid and chlorophyll content were evaluated in silkworms and their faeces reared on mulberry leaves, artificial diet and then artificial diet switched to mulberry leaf from the fifth instar for four days. The DNJ content of silkworms depended on that in their diet and was significantly lower in silkworms fed with artificial diet than in those fed with mulberry leaves similar to the α-glucosidase inhibitory activity. On the contrary, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were similar in all silkworms regardless of feeding conditions. In the faeces of the artificial diet-reared group, TEAC, total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were significantly higher than those of the mulberry leaf-reared group. Chlorophyll content in faeces depended on the content of diet, whereas that in silkworms was low regardless of the diet type. The biological activities and contents of functional compounds in the artificial diet-reared group were at similar levels with those of the mulberry leaf-reared group when the diet switched to mulberry leaf from the first day of the fifth instar for four days, indicating that the biological activities and content of functional components in silkworms and its faeces are defined by diet and changeable over a short period.
Influence of substituting fishmeal with Vespa orientalis meal in the Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) diets on growth and feed utilisation
Authors: El-Sheikh H.A. , Abo-Donia F.M. , Ghania A.M.M. , Hussein E.E.
Published: November 2023

The impact on growth performance, feed efficiency, and health status of substituting 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of fishmeal (FM) with Vespa orientalis meal (WM) in the Nile tilapia diets was examined. Fifteen hapas of randomly selected fingerlings (with a mean weight of 1.1 g ± 0.02) were fed the test meals for 84 days. The findings indicated that the fish development rate was not noticeably affected when FM was partially replaced by up to 50% of WM. The feed conversion ratios of WM25 and WM50 were considerably greater () than those of all other diets. The substitution of FM by WM up to 100% did not significantly alter the values of total protein, globulin, albumin, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase (). These results suggest that the Nile tilapia is unaffected by the integration of WM up to 50% instead of FM without adverse effects on growth and nutrient utilisation.
Rhinoceros beetle (Oryctes sp.) larvae as a nutrient rich delicacy: a comparison of nutrient profiles from four counties in western Kenya
Authors: Egonyu J.P. , Olubowa R.R. , Tanga C.M. , Cheseto X. , Subramanian S.
Published: November 2023

The nutritional value of larvae of the rhinoceros beetle, Oryctes sp., a popular delicacy and source of animal feed in western Kenya is unknown. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition of Oryctes sp. larvae consumed in western Kenya and compare the nutrient values across four sampling counties i.e. Busia, Bungoma, Trans Nzoia and Kakamega. The hypotheses tested were: (1) the beetle larvae were rich in nutrients including moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat, carbohydrates, minerals, flavonoids and vitamins; and (2) these nutrient values were not affected by the county of collection of the samples. The nutritional values of triplicates of larval samples collected from the four counties were analysed using standard chemical procedures and compared using one-way analysis of variance. The larvae contained approximately 18, 42, 2, 1, and 19% moisture, crude protein, crude fibre, crude fat and carbohydrates on dry matter basis, respectively. Nine minerals namely magnesium, iron, zinc, calcium, copper, aluminium, cobalt, manganese and sodium were detected in the larvae at approximately 493, 26, 14, 267, 3, 14, 1, 9 and 221 mg/100 g, respectively. Furthermore, appreciable levels of flavonoids and vitamins A, E, nicotinic acid, nicotinamide, B2, B5, B6 and B9 were recorded in the larvae. The nutritional composition of the larvae was unique in each county, thereby providing opportunity to use insects from different sites for specific nutritional needs of consumers. The nutrient contents of the larvae were comparable or superior to that of conventional food sources. The larvae were particularly richer in flavonoids than most conventional foods which are currently relied upon as sources of dietary flavonoids. The beetle larvae are therefore vital in fighting malnutrition.
Exploring consumer perception of entomophagy by applying the Rasch model: data from an online survey
Authors: Grispoldi L. , Zampogni L. , Costanzi E. , Karama M. , El-Ashram S. , Al-Olayan E. , Saraiva C. , Garcı́a-Dı́ez J. , Iulietto M.F. , Cenci-Goga B.
Published: November 2023

An online consumer survey, consisting of 23 closed questions divided into 9 sections, was conducted to investigate consumer perception of including edible insects in their diet. The data analysis was carried out using a variation of the classic Rasch-Andrich model for multiple choice questions. The online survey involved individuals (n = 327) from Italy and other 29 different European and non-European countries, with different ages, educational background and eating habits, selected from among people attending the University of Perugia. The analysis showed that the majority of participants (90%) were already aware of the term entomophagy, although only 19% of the participants had already eaten insects. Moreover, 42% of the participants would be willing to pay less than the equivalent of a hamburger to buy 10 g of insects and 93% would consider eating insects if necessary. The factors limiting entomophagy are mainly represented by neophobia, disgust, fear of allergic reactions and microbiological hazards. Furthermore, the majority would expect to find specific shelves in stores for insect-based products. Moreover, the majority of the participants accepted that pet or farm animals could be fed with insect-based products. Lastly, almost all the participants considered food safety of edible insects to be the responsibility of the national competent authorities, as required for other foods. The aim of this study was to address the current perceptions of modern consumers to entomophagy and discover the perceived advantages and disadvantages associated with the consumption of insects. Although it is difficult to predict whether edible insects can effectively represent the “food of the future” and whether they can really become part of western consumers’ diet, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that providing consumers with information not only on insects and the production methods used, but also on food safety measures can improve the consumer’s attitude towards entomophagy.
The fatty acid composition of black soldier fly larvae: the influence of feed substrate and applications in the feed industry
Authors: Cattaneo A. , Meneguz M. , Dabbou S.
Published: November 2023

The need to reduce, reuse and recycle materials by applying new strategies of circular economy instead of linear systems of disposal is becoming increasingly urgent. The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens (L.) (Diptera: Stratiomyidae), is being studied for its outstanding capacity to convert organic waste into high-value biomass and as a valuable nutrient source for animal feed. A systematic literature review identified 35 articles on BSF rearing and use in animal feed. This review summarizes our current knowledge about the lipid composition of BSF larvae, in particular their fatty acid (FA) profile and the mechanisms through which the feeding substrate influences the FA profile. BSF larvae are shown to synthesize certain FAs, such as lauric and myristic acid, even when these components are absent from their diet. Furthermore, enriching the rearing substrate with eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid is reported to increase the accumulation of these FAs. The saturated FA content increases when BSF larvae are reared on a vegetable-based diet. Moreover, enriching the rearing media with materials high in omega-3 and omega-6 FAs increases their concentration in the larvae and enhances their value as a feed substrate for other animals. Indeed, the supplementation of animal feeds with BSF larvae products is being studied for application in the aquaculture, poultry, and pig farming sectors. BSF larval fats are shown to have a positive effect on animal growth performances, body composition, and gut histology, establishing BSF larvae as an environmentally-sustainable feed ingredient. This review highlights the importance of deepening our knowledge on the various aspects of BSF larvae rearing and treatments which enhance the accumulation of specific lipids and minimize lipid quality deterioration and loss. By summarizing the existing literature on BSF larvae, this article contributes to the advancement of circular economies and the development of sustainable feed practices.
Steam pre-treatment of sugarcane bagasse and wheat straw as a cleaner feedstock for black soldier fly larvae rearing
Authors: Theron W. , Teke G.M. , Diedericks D. , Van Rensburg E. , Görgens J.F.
Published: November 2023

With the pressing need for alternative waste management strategies that are friendly to the environment, black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) are being cultivated as exceptional insects for the bioconversion of organic waste into larval biomass rich in protein and fat content. Agricultural residues, such as wheat straw and sugarcane bagasse are recognised as important renewable biomass sources, with potential to replace insufficient amount of suitable organic wastes available for BSFL feeding. This study evaluated the steam pre-treatment from 140 to 215 °C and enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocelluloses as BSFL feed supplement prior to blending in an equal ratio (50:50) with the standard feed for BSFL rearing. Key findings illustrated that steam pre-treatment and enzymatic hydrolysis are vital in liberating the sugar monomers of the lignocellulose biomass for BSFL utilisation, with an optimum steam pre-treatment temperature of 185 °C. With a lignocellulosic feed prepared at this temperature plus supplemented standard feed, a BSFL dry-weight bioconversion of 16% was achieved in 8 to 11 days of rearing. The inhibitory by-products formed by degradation of lignocelluloses during pre-treatment had a significantly negative effect on the rearing of the BSFL, particularly a furan concentration of 0.2 g/L, which should be investigated for efficient BSFL rearing. Finally, the crude protein content in the BSFL reared on the standard feed was higher than the feed substrate supplemented with lignocellulose. This study demonstrated the need for process optimisation and component supplements in the BSFL feed substrates that contain lignocellulosic feedstocks.
Optimization models for sustainable insect production chains
Authors: Mouhrim N. , Peguero D.A. , Green A. , Silva B. , Bhatia A. , Ristic D. , Tonda A. , Mathys A. , Smetana S.
Published: November 2023

Insect value chains are a complex system with non-linear links between many economic, environmental, and social variables. Multi-objective optimization (MOO) algorithms for finding optimal options for complex system functioning can provide a valuable insight in the development of sustainable insect chains. This review proposes a framework for MOO application that is based on gradual implementation, beginning with factors that have an immediate impact on insect production (feed qualities, resource utilization, yield), and progressing to integrated units (environmental, social, and economic impacts). The review introduces the key hotspots of insect production chains, which have been developed in suitable MOO objectives. They represent aspects of resource use, feed quality and its conversion by insects, labor safety and wage fairness, as well as environmental impacts. The capacity of the suggested MOO framework to describe all facets of sustainability may have certain limits. To determine the framework’s applicability and the specific MOO algorithms that can perform the function, modeling and further testing on real insect production chains would be necessary for the intended objectives.
Positioning earthworms in the future foods debate: a systematic review of earthworm nutritional composition in comparison to edible insects
Authors: Sonntag E. , Vidal A. , Grimm D. , Rahmann G. , van Groenigen J.W. , van Zanten H. , Parodi A.
Published: November 2023

Sustainable food system innovations are urgently needed to feed a growing human population while staying within planetary boundaries. Farmed edible insects have received considerable scientific and public attention due to their potential to improve food system circularity by upcycling nutrients from organic residual streams to nutritious food. Earthworms, as non-insect invertebrates, have remained largely unrecognized in the future foods debate. However, they are already widely farmed at industrial scale for their capacity to recycle organic wastes and improve soil fertility. We conducted a systematic literature review to provide a quantitative basis on earthworm nutritional composition, thereby positioning earthworms in the future foods debate. Here we show, based on evidence from 142 scientific studies, that farmed earthworms are a potentially interesting food source. They have an attractive nutrient composition compared to the main farmed edible insect species, being especially rich in protein, low in fat and containing a favourable profile of essential amino acids. The content of important fatty acids, minerals and vitamins in earthworm biomass is higher or lower than in edible insects, depending on the feed material. Crude protein and fat contents are higher in farmed versus wild earthworms, indicating that farming conditions provide a lever for further improving the nutritional composition of earthworm biomass. Whether earthworm species or feed materials affect earthworm nutritional composition could not be finally clarified based on the available data. We conclude that earthworms have high potential as a future food from a nutritional perspective, mainly as an alternative source of protein. The integration of earthworm farming in future food systems can be expected to improve sustainability and circularity, potentially giving earthworms an advantage over edible insects.
Investigation of the usefulness of two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) feed using two-spotted cricket (Gryllus bimaculatus) powder to replace fishmeal
Authors: Akiyama D. , Kaewplik T. , Sasaki Y.
Published: November 2023

Crickets are being reevaluated as food and livestock feed due to their high nutritional value and low environmental impact during production, as food waste can be used as feed. On the other hand, current cricket production uses feed used in aquaculture and poultry farming, and these feeds contain animal proteins such as fish meal and chicken meal. This is simply converting other animal proteins into insect proteins. Therefore, this study aimed to test whether two-spotted cricket powder can be used as a substitute for fishmeal in diets for Gryllus bimaculatus production. Cricket weight, feed efficiency, and number of crickets were evaluated by feeding rice bran: cricket powder = 85:15 and rice bran: fish meal = 85:15, respectively, referring to the feed mix ratio used by cricket producers. Results showed no statistically significant differences between the two experiments in cricket weight and feed conversion ratio. When data were obtained separately for each growth phase, cricket weight was found to be highest in the fourth post-hatching week for the diet with cricket powder and then decreased (initial input: 1 g; 28 days: 89.45 ± 22.19 g; 35 days: 49.47 ± 14.11 g). Feed conversion efficiency was found to be higher in the second half of growth (1-7 days: 0.48; 23-28 days: 0.80). The use of insect powder as bait for crickets is a new proposal. In cricket production, adults with low reproductive capacity are packaged and sold as food or livestock feed, but by using insect powder as feed during cricket production, it is possible to reduce animal protein in the feed. In the future, we plan to investigate the usefulness of mass-produced insect powder as feed for crickets.
Envisioning the Revolution: Art and the Creation of Mexico’s Communist Party
Authors: Smith Stephanie J.
Published: November 2023

This article analyzes the interactions of artists, Mexico’s Communist Party, or the Partido Comunista Mexicano (pcm), and the Mexican state within the context of Mexico’s vibrant post-revolutionary era. Although during these early years the Party’s official membership numbers remained relatively minimal, this article argues that the extraordinary influence of Mexico’s creative participants on the politics of the period was significant. During the 1920s the pcm derived a great deal of prestige from its association with art and the muralists, including Diego Rivera and David Alfaro Siqueiros, and as a result Mexico’s lively political and artistic scene attracted the attention of writers, photographers, artists, and intellectuals from all over the world. Art and politics intertwined as artists played major roles in political affairs, and politicians appropriated the arts to transmit the “official” national history. Indeed, during these exhilarating years, the artists and the pcm built a powerful coalition, and one whose influence endured long beyond the 1920s.
The Standard Language Ideology of the Hebrew and Arabic Grammarians of the ʿAbbasid Period
Authors: Kantor Benjamin Paul
Published: November 2023

As a discipline, the study of Biblical Hebrew grammar began largely among Arabic-speaking Jews of the Middle Ages, particularly in the ʿAbbasid period (750–1258 CE). Indeed, it has long been acknowledged by scholars that the Hebrew grammatical tradition, in many ways, grew up out of and alongside the Arabic grammatical tradition. Many concepts present in Hebrew grammar have their origins in the writings of Arabic grammarians of the ʿAbbasid period. And yet, as recent linguistic and anthropological work has shown, setting down ‘the grammar’ of a language can be as much an ideological or political activity as an academic one.

In addition to the language itself, speech communities also share beliefs and attitudes about that language—what linguistic anthropologists would term a ‘language ideology’. Language ideology can have a dramatic impact on what forms of the language one regards as acceptable and what sort of rules one imposes on and through their description of the language. Nevertheless, while much work has been done on the interface between Hebrew and Arabic grammar and literature in the Middle Ages, interface of their respective language ideologies has yet to be treated theoretically or systematically.

In the present book, then, we survey six specific characteristics of a ‘standard language ideology’ that appear in both the writings of the Hebrew grammarians who wrote in Judeo-Arabic and the Arabic grammarians during the ʿAbbasid period. Such striking lines of linguistic-ideological similarity suggest that it may not have been only grammatical concepts or literary genres that the medieval Hebrew grammarians inherited from the Arabic grammatical tradition, but a way of thinking about language as well.
Conclusions
Authors: Kantor Benjamin Paul
Published: November 2023

The sixth and concluding chapter outlines systematically how these six lines of striking similarity cohere to maintain and perpetuate a cohesive standard language ideology among the Hebrew grammarians (who wrote in Judeo-Arabic) and the Arabic grammarians of the ʿAbbasid period. An argument is also made that at least some of these similarities are not the merely due to a shared cultural framework but actually the result of direct influence of the Arabic grammatical tradition on the Hebrew grammatical tradition. Such findings have profound implications not only for how we conceive of the history of the study of Hebrew grammar and its institutionalisation, but for the interface between Hebrew/Jewish and Arabic/Muslim communities in the Middle Ages as well.
A Kirchhoff Plate Model for Longitudinal Vibration Analysis of Restrained Nanoplate Including Thermal Effects
Authors: Hussin Amira Mohamed
Published: November 2023

This work attempts to apply the Kirchhoff plate theory to find out the vibrational analyses of a nanoplate incorporating thermal effects. The effects of thermal environments on the natural frequency of longitudinal vibration of restrained nanomaterials, especially for restrained nanoplates,
have not been investigated, and most of the previous research has been carried out for unrestrained nanoplates. Therefore, it must be emphasized that the vibrations of restrained nanoplate, including thermal effects, are novel and applicable to the nanodevices, in which nanoplates act as the
main structure of the nanocomposite. A novel motion and frequency equation are derived using the Kirchhoff plate model. The present study illustrates that a nanoplate’s longitudinal vibration characteristics strongly depend on the temperature change and stiffness coefficients. The numerical
results clearly show that the longitudinal natural frequencies of the nanoplate are less than unity for both cases of low and high temperatures. This means that applying the Kirchhoff plate model for restrained nanoplate analysis would lead to an over-prediction of the frequency if the small
thermal stress effect is neglected. Finally, the investigation of the restrained and thermal impact on longitudinal vibration of nanoplates may be used as a valuable reference for the application and the design of nanoelectronics and nano-drives devices, nano-oscillators, and nano-sensors,
in which nanoplates act as essential elements.
Performance of the Internal Mixer’s end Face Mechanical Seal with Isosceles Right Triangle Textures
Authors: Wang Ze-Sheng , Yang Fu-Qin , Song Yu-Meng , Han Xiao-Jie
Published: November 2023

To improve the sealing performance and prolong the service life of the internal mixer’s end face mechanical seal, the surface texture technology was introduced to the end face mechanical seal in this paper. Different arrangements of isosceles right triangle textures were designed
on the rotating sealing ring to study the effects of texture parameters and working parameters on the performance of the textured mechanical seal. The results indicate that under steady-state conditions, different arrangements of isosceles right triangle textures produce obvious hydrodynamic
pressure effects and cause the mechanical seal to produce oil film capacity. Meanwhile, the Rt2 arrangement mechanical seal can obtain the lowest end leakage. What’s more, Rt1, Rt2, Rt3, and Rt4 arrangements show better sealing performance when their texture area ratio Sp
= 21%, 39%, 21%, 30%, respectively, so do the four arrangements when their texture depths hp = 2∼4 μm. Appropriately reducing the rotor speed n and increasing lubricant viscosity η is helpful to improve the work performance of the textured
mechanical seal. Under unsteady-state conditions, the maximum oil film pressure, leakage, friction coefficient and sealing gap of the textured mechanical seal change periodically with the load. When hp = 3 μm, the Rt2 arrangement has lower leakage and friction coefficient.
Further, lower speed and lubricant viscosity are beneficial to reducing the leakage and friction of the textured mechanical seal of the internal mixer.
Application of Fluorescent Carbon Nanoelectronic Materials in Combining Partial Differential Equations for Fingerprint Development and Its Image Enhancement
Authors: Wu Feng , Jiang Baohua
Published: November 2023

Fluorescent developers play a crucial role when dealing with objects with complex patterns or color interference against their background due to their excellent photoluminescent properties. In recent years, fluorescent nanoelectronic materials have emerged as a novel class of fluorescent
materials for fingerprint development research. Here, carbon quantum dots (CQDs) are synthesized using an electrochemical method and utilized as fluorescent nanoelectronic materials in combination with gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) to form a composite (Au/CQDs). The photoelectric properties of
Au/CQDs are verified, and a precursor solution for Au/CQDs is prepared using the Wessling method. After the addition of a surfactant and subsequent elimination processes, an Au/CQDs fluorescent nanocolloidal solution is obtained. This solution is applied for the development of visible fingerprints
and latent fingerprints on adhesive surfaces. The resulting development images are subjected to enhancement processes such as sharpening, smoothing, and noise reduction using partial differential equations to improve their visual quality. In experiments, under light exposure, Au/CQDs exhibit
a higher conversion rate with cyclohexane compared to conditions without light. In the Au/NPs system, the fluorescence of CQDs is effectively quenched due to the rapid electron transfer process within the Au/CQDs system. Moreover, the electrode modified with Au/CQDs shows significantly improved
efficiency in decomposing H2O2 compared to conditions without light exposure. After the development with Au/CQDs nanoparticle colloid solution, bright fingerprint patterns are visible under ultraviolet light. As the age of the fingerprint increases, the developed fingerprint
has a higher resolution than fresh fingerprints. Image enhancement through partial differential equations results in satisfactory sharp edges and smooth contours in the images.