bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A disaffected, right-wing, conflicted Italy: the general elections of 25 September 2022
Authors: Tuorto Dario , Mete Vittorio
Published: November 2024

You can never really get tired of Italian politics. Over the last 30 years, we have seen many turning points, the most memorable of which was undoubtedly Silvio Berlusconi's unexpected ‘descent into the field’ in 1994. Nor have we been deprived of colourful characters, such as Matteo Renzi or Matteo Salvini, who, as their careers took off, ended up burning their wings. And after many unsuccessful attempts, imagination has finally come to power (as they used to say in the 1960s), although the 1968 generation has nothing to do with it. Indeed, all the credit goes to the Movimento 5 Stelle (M5S), whose activists were seen carrying their leader Beppe Grillo – sitting in a dinghy – through the streets of Bologna during a procession of sorts. The general elections of 25 September 2022 added an important chapter to recent Italian political history, which has sometimes taken on a dramatic tone but more often that of a comedy or even a farce. All in all, nothing out of the ordinary; in the society of the spectacle, this is how the Darwinian struggle for political survival can also be played out.
Hospitalization for SARS-CoV-2 and the risk of self-harm readmission: a French nationwide retrospective cohort study
Authors: Chauvet-Gelinier Jean-Christophe , Cottenet Jonathan , Jollant Fabrice , Quantin Catherine
Published: November 2024

Aims

The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection on the risk of self-harming behaviours warrants further investigation. Here, we hypothesized that people with a history of hospitalization for self-harm may be particularly at risk of readmission in case of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis based on the French national hospitalization database. We identified all patients hospitalized for deliberate self-harm (10th edition of the International Classification of Diseases codes X60–X84) between March 2020 and March 2021. To study the effect of SARS-CoV-2 hospitalization on the risk of readmission for self-harm at 1-year of the inclusion, we performed a multivariable Fine and Gray model considering hospital death as a competing event.

Results

A total of 61,782 individuals were hospitalized for self-harm. During the 1-year follow-up, 9,403 (15.22%) were readmitted for self-harm. Between inclusion and self-harm readmission or the end of follow-up, 1,214 (1.96% of the study cohort) were hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 (mean age 60 years, 52.9% women) while 60,568 were not (mean age 45 years, 57% women). Multivariate models revealed that the factors independently associated with self-harm readmission were: hospitalization with SARS-CoV-2 (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 3.04 [2.73–3.37]), psychiatric disorders (aHR = 1.61 [1.53–1.69]), self-harm history (aHR = 2.00 [1.88–2.04]), intensive care and age above 80.

Conclusions

In hospitalized people with a personal history of self-harm, infection with SARS-CoV-2 increased the risk of readmission of self-harm, with an effect that seemed to add to the effect of a history of mental disorders, with an equally significant magnitude. Infection may be a significantly stressful condition that precipitates self-harming acts in vulnerable individuals. Clinicians should pay particular attention to the emergence of suicidal ideation in these patients in the aftermath of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
New Software Package Helps Scientists Find Flux
Authors: Owen Rebecca
Published: November 2024

An easy-to-use R package offers a more efficient way to sort through and analyze data about greenhouse gas levels collected in static chamber experiments.
Discovery and binding mode of small molecule inhibitors of the apo form of human TDO2
Authors: Lotz-Jenne Carina , Lange Roland , Cren Sylvaine , Bourquin Geoffroy , Goglia Laksmei , Kimmerlin Thierry , Wicki Micha , Müller Manon , Artico Nadia , Ackerknecht Sabine , Pfaff Philippe , Joesch Christoph , Mac Sweeney Aengus
Published: November 2024

Tryptophan-2,3-dioxygenase (TDO2) and indoleamine-2,3-dioxygenase (IDO1) are structurally distinct heme enzymes that catalyze the conversion of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-kynurenine, and play important roles in metabolism, inflammation, and tumor immune surveillance. The enzymes can adopt an inactive, heme-free (apo) state or an active, heme-containing (holo) state, with the balance between them varying dynamically according to biological conditions. Inhibitors of holo-TDO2 are known but, despite several advantages of the heme-free state as a drug target, no inhibitors of apo-TDO2 have been reported. We describe the discovery of the first apo-TDO2 binding inhibitors, to our knowledge, and their inhibition of cellular TDO2 activity at low nanomolar concentrations. The crystal structure of a potent, small molecule inhibitor bound to apo-TDO2 reveals its detailed binding interactions within the large, hydrophobic heme binding pocket of the active site.
Loss of aquaporin-4 impairs cerebrospinal fluid solute clearance through cerebrospinal fluid drainage pathways
Authors: Kato Daisuke , Kameda Hiroyuki , Kinota Naoya , Fujii Takaaki , Xiawei Bai , Simi Zhou , Takai Yoshiki , Chau Simon , Miyasaka Yoshiki , Mashimo Tomoji , Abe Yoichiro , Yasui Masato , Minowa Kazuyuki , Kudo Kohsuke
Published: November 2024

The aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel is essential in neurofluid dynamics. AQP4 loss impairs solute exchange between the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and interstitial fluid (ISF). However, whether AQP4 expression affects solute clearance from the CSF space to the extracranial space remains unclear. This study aimed to investigate this using dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) following the intrathecal administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents (GBCAs) to AQP4 knockout (KO) rats. AQP4 KO rats showed reduced efflux of intrathecal GBCAs to the extracranial spaces through CSF drainage pathways and increased retention of intrathecal GBCAs in the CSF space compared with the controls. These results suggest that AQP4 loss impairs solute clearance from the CSF space to the extracranial spaces via the CSF drainage pathways. This study revealed a close relationship between AQP4 expression and CSF solute clearance, contributing to a better understanding of the function of AQP4 in neurofluid dynamics.
Acute resistance exercise and training reduce desmin phosphorylation at serine 31 in human skeletal muscle, making the protein less prone to cleavage
Authors: Jacko Daniel , Schaaf Kirill , Aussieker Thorben , Masur Lukas , Zacher Jonas , Bersiner Käthe , Bloch Wilhelm , Gehlert Sebastian
Published: November 2024

Desmin intermediate filaments play a crucial role in stress transmission and mechano-protection. The loss of its integrity triggers myofibril breakdown and muscle atrophy for which desmin phosphorylation (pDes) is a priming factor. We investigated whether eccentric accentuated resistance exercise (RE) influences the regulation of pDes, effecting its susceptibility to cleavage. Ten healthy persons performed 14 RE-sessions (2 per week). Muscle biopsies were collected in both untrained and trained conditions at rest (pre 1, pre 14) and one hour after RE (post 1, post 14). Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were utilized to assess desmin content, phosphorylation at several sites and susceptibility to cleavage. In untrained condition (pre 1, post 1), RE induced dephosphorylation of serin 31 and 60. Trained muscle exhibited more pronounced dephosphorylation at Serin 31 post-RE. Dephosphorylation was accompanied by reduced susceptibility of desmin to cleavage. Additionally, training increased total desmin content, upregulated baseline serine 31 phosphorylation and attenuated pDes at serine 60 and threonine 17. Our findings suggest that acute and repeated RE changes the phosphorylation pattern of desmin and its susceptibility to cleavage, highlighting pDes as an adaptive mechanism in skeletal muscle, contributing to the proteostatic regulation in response to recurring stress.
Highly dispersed Ru immobilized on Ni-modified Al2O3 for selective hydrogenation of bisphenol A to hydrogenated bisphenol A
Authors: Lin Shufeng , Sun Zhonghua , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhou Qiumin , Wang Anwei , wu zhong , Qian Junfeng , He Ming-Yang , Chen Qun
Published: November 2024

Bisphenol A (BPA) is ubiquitous in industrial production and daily life. However, BPA is harmful to the health of fetuses and children due to its potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Hydrogenated bisphenol...
AI-Based Fault Detection and Predictive Maintenance in Wind Power Conversion Systems
Authors: Hulwan D.B. , S Chitra , Chokkalingan Arun , Dixit Krishna Kant , Subburam S. , Katarwar Vandana , Tharmar S.
Published: November 2024

The research explores the application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) for fault detection and predictive maintenance in wind power conversion systems. Wind energy, a critical component of the global renewable energy mix, faces challenges related to system reliability and maintenance. Traditional methods for detecting faults and scheduling maintenance are often reactive and inefficient, leading to higher costs and downtime. This study proposes an AI-based approach to improve fault detection accuracy and predict potential failures before they occur. By analysing operational data from wind turbines, AI models can identify patterns indicative of faults and provide early warnings, allowing for timely maintenance. The research demonstrates that AI can significantly enhance the reliability and efficiency of wind power systems, reducing operational costs and improving energy production. The findings suggest that AI-based predictive maintenance can play a crucial role in advancing the sustainability of wind energy.
Integrated Fuel Cell and Electrolyzer Systems for Renewable Energy Storage and Conversion
Authors: Jayasree S. , Hemamalini V. , Bansal Saloni , Al-Farouni Mohammed , Chaudhari R.J. , Landage Milind , Babu D. Suresh
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a study on the integration of fuel cell and electrolyzer systems for efficient renewable energy storage and conversion. The increasing reliance on renewable energy sources such as solar and wind power necessitates the development of robust energy storage solutions to manage the intermittent nature of these resources. An integrated system combining electrolyzers and fuel cells offers a promising solution by converting excess renewable energy into hydrogen via electrolysis, which can be stored and later converted back into electricity using fuel cells during periods of low renewable energy availability. This study models the operation of such a system, analyzing key performance metrics including hydrogen production, storage efficiency, and electricity generation. The results demonstrate the potential of integrated fuel cell and electrolyzer systems to enhance the reliability and flexibility of renewable energy systems, providing a sustainable approach to energy management and contributing to the advancement of energy storage technologies.
Study of harmonic performance in conventional multilevel inverters: Comparative analysis of modulation techniques
Authors: Dhana Prasad Duggapu , Karthik N. , Mishra Paritosh , Bajaj Mohit
Published: November 2024

This review paper evaluates the integration of Space Vector Modulation (SVM) with basic multilevel inverters and compares it with other modulation strategies to address Total Harmonic Distortion (THD). MLIs are able to generate high-quality voltage waveforms, but they often suffer from THD, which can affect system performance. The paper reviews various modulation strategies, including Space Vector Modulation (SVM), various SPWM techniques, analyzing their effectiveness in reducing harmonic distortion. SVM is highlighted for its ability to optimize switching patterns, significantly reducing THD and improving waveform quality. The review encompasses simulation results for each technique. By providing a comparative analysis, the paper offers insights into how different modulation methods can enhance the efficiency and performance of power conversion systems across various industrial applications.
Design and Optimization of Crankcase in Three-Wheeler Internal Combustion Engine
Authors: Chaitanya Reddy M. , Harshitha K. , Raj Kumar G. , Abinava Chend Y. , Sathvik N. , Nivas T.M.
Published: November 2024

The Three-wheeler engine crankcase is the part which protects the inside of the engine. Every component despite appearing stationary the structure transmits and receives highly fluctuating loads at high frequency from the piston, crankshaft, various pumps and gears inside of it and its walls ribs and surfaces mate with the other parts to allow. For this functionality we focused on all the characteristics as topology load conditions etc. and then created a model in solid works software after designing the model of crankcase the analysis is performed by focusing on topology. As the main aim of this work is to optimize the weight of crankcase, required parameters are taken into consideration and the crankcase is analyzed with different types of materials in order to achieve the weight reduction. We aim to design and optimize the crankcase by reducing the overall weight offered by the component in the internal combustion engine and finally integrate the optimized parameters to the existing model of the crankcase to contribute the overall efficiency longevity and environmental impact of the internal combustion engine.
An alternative low-cost proposal for environmental radiation monitoring in Brazil
Authors: R Silva , Souza E Da , Ferreira M De , F Razuck
Published: November 2024

Nowadays, it is increasingly necessary to environmental radiation monitoring to ensure the protection of the population from nuclear or radiological accidents. In this sense, some countries have already implemented environmental monitoring networks. Despite this, Brazil not only has a radiological survey of the subsoil of its territory, but also only a small fraction of the urban environment has been monitored, not yet having a network of monitoring stations. Therefore, the objective of this paper is to present a system, already under development, which consists of an alternative form of monitoring environmental radiation, based on a device that can be installed in fleet vehicles, which travel routes according to their own operational needs, presenting itself as a low-cost system related to citizen science activities. In this case, the device itself is self-sufficient to take all the readings and send them via the mobile telephone network, depending only on energy provided by a battery. Each device is a mobile station composed of a Geiger counter, a temperature, humidity and atmospheric pressure sensor, in addition to a microcontroller associated with a telephony chip and Global Positioning System (GPS). Today the system is in the calibration and adjustments phase, already having results of a preliminary study, in which more than 25,000 readings were collected accumulated in a period of about 15 days. The results, although preliminary and in need of adjustments in the filters and visualization on the map, demonstrate the applicability and full potential of the proposed system.
Social Interaction in the Library: A Student Psychological Perspective
Authors: Afrina Cut , Suud Fitriah M. , Yanti Nurrahma , S Safrinal
Published: November 2024

Social interactions in the library are important for students’ academic experience and psychological well-being. academic expertise and students’ psychological well-being. Libraries support academic collaboration and provide a safe social space, reducing isolation and increasing social connectedness. However, these interactions can also be social pressures. Understanding students’ psychological perspectives on social interactions in the library helps institutions design spaces and programs that support their academic and psychological needs. That supports their academic and psychological needs. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of social interaction in the library in students’ academic experience and psychological well-being. This research aims to understand how libraries support academic collaboration, reduce isolation, and increase social connectedness, and identify ways to design spaces and programs that meet students’ academic and psychological needs. The purpose of this study is to explore the role of social interaction in the library in students’ academic experience and psychological well-being. This research aims to understand how libraries support academic collaboration, reduce isolation, and increase social connectedness, and identify ways to design spaces and programs that meet students’ academic and psychological needs. This research uses the literature review method by reviewing articles from Google Scholar from 2019-2023. Articles included were in English and Indonesian, focused on libraries, and available in full text. Data were analysed narratively to identify psychological factors that influence social interactions in libraries, evaluate their impact on students’ psychological well-being, and identify best practices in library design and management. The results showed three main trends: the importance of social environments in libraries to support interaction and learning, the integration of information and communication technology (ICT) such as augmented reality (AR) to enhance social interaction, and the impact of social media and gadget use on social interaction. Libraries that support social interaction can improve students’ academic engagement and well-being. Future research includes longitudinal mixed-methods studies, diversification of data collection methods, and exploration of technology integration and external factors that influence student engagement.
Error Analysis of Japanese Language for Tourism: A Study on Tour Guiding in Student Script
Authors: Savana Azizia Freda , Lantang Ayu Gardenia
Published: November 2024

Learning a foreign language for learners in Indonesia is problematic because it is a second or even third language. The cause of foreign language difficulties is an influence of the mother tongue, which is not used in everyday conversation. Japanese learners sometimes make grammatical mistakes when guiding Japanese-speaking tours. This study aims to find out Japanese language errors in guiding tours and the causes of Japanese language errors in guiding tours. In addition, This research is needed for reference for students who learn Japanese as an insight when guiding tours in Japanese. The method used in this study is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach to describe Japanese language errors based on the type and cause of these errors in guiding tours. The data was sourced from a tour guide script in Japanese, including 22 scripts, and the data was 48. The result of this study was there were 13 language error data subtraction (omission/脱落), 20 language error data Addition (付加), 10 language error data misformation (誤formation), and five language error data (位置). Meanwhile, the error in the form of reserve use was not found in the Japanese tour guide script data. The cause of errors that students have made is due to the performance factor, which is not aware that the sentences are incomplete, and the competency factor, which is not understanding the teacher’s explanation in the grammar course.
“It Took Time to Adapt, but It Was Effective”: Google Classroom Acceptance of EFL Students in Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Ika Wahyuni , Oktarian Nur Candra
Published: November 2024

Google Classroom has been extensively used as a learning management system to facilitate teaching and learning processes. Despite its extensive use globally, there was a lack of research on its acceptance as perceived by secondary school students in Indonesia, particularly during emergency online learning. This study addressed this gap by examining the acceptance of Google Classroom from the perspective of Indonesian secondary school students. The study involved 307 secondary students who participated by completing online questionnaires, and two students were interviewed to gain deeper insights into their experiences and perspectives regarding the use of Google Classroom in English classes. The quantitative findings revealed that secondary students generally held high acceptance of Google Classroom as a tool for online EFL learning (M=4.05). Among the four constructs measured, three—perceived ease of use (M=3.91), perceived usefulness (M=4.27), and behavioral intention (M=4.14)—indicated high levels of acceptance, whereas actual system use was rated as moderately acceptable (M=3.65). The interview data supported these quantitative results. The study concluded that Google Classroom is well-accepted as a platform for facilitating online EFL learning among secondary school students. The findings contributed valuable evidence regarding the positive acceptance of Google Classroom for EFL learning.
„Ich dachte, jetzt bringt er mich um“
Authors: Gerke Stephan
Published: November 2024

Anhand des Falls einer Patientin, die unter Agoraphobie mit Panikattacken (F
40.01 nach ICD 10), einer chronifizierten posttraumatischen Belastungsstörung (F
43.1 nach ICD 10) sowie schweren Kopfschmerzen litt, werden die
differenzialdiagnostischen Schwierigkeiten einer Arzneimittelfindung mithilfe
moderner Repertorisationsprogramme aufgezeigt. Dagegen ermöglicht es eine
Fallanalyse, mithilfe des Symptomenlexikons SL5 klare Kriterien für die
Simileverschreibung darzustellen. Moderne Methoden der Arzneimittelfindung
werden unter dem Aspekt der Verschreibungssicherheit kritisch diskutiert.
Krisen in der Schwangerschaft
Authors: Brunnthaler-Tscherteu Rosemarie
Published: November 2024

Exemplarisch für das Thema „Krisen in der Schwangerschaft“ werden die Kasuistiken
von 2 Patientinnen dargestellt. Bei der 1. Patientin, die in der
Homöopathie-Ambulanz einer geburtshilflich-gynäkologischen Abteilung betreut
wurde, besserte Platinum metallicum die ängstliche Depression in der
Schwangerschaft sowie postpartal Ignatia amara die Stillprobleme. Der Vergleich
dieser beiden Arzneien zeigt die Ähnlichkeit bei psychosomatischen Beschwerden
und beim Thema Kinderwunsch. Bei der 2. Patientin kam die in problemhaften
Schwangerschaften häufig indizierte Arznei Sepia succus erfolgreich zur
Anwendung.
Factors that promote student well-being in schools: a scoping review of Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand literature
Authors: Murray Claire , Gabriel Florence , Kennedy JohnPaul
Published: November 2024

Well-being has been touted for many years as a critical factor in achieving positive outcomes for students in schools across Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand, and globally. Despite extensive reporting of student well-being concerns, further research is needed to fully understand this complex construct. This paper presents a scoping review aimed at developing a comprehensive understanding of student well-being by examining key factors highlighted in the literature. Using the PRISMA-ScR approach, a search was conducted using Google Scholar to identify studies published between 2010 and 2023 that focus on student well-being in Australian and Aotearoa New Zealand school contexts. Additional relevant grey literature, including policy documents, contributed to this review. A total of 46 studies met the eligibility criteria for more detailed analysis. The review identified three primary themes influencing student well-being: the role of student voice, the impact of the physical environment (which we call perivallon), and the nature of student relationships with teachers, peers, and themselves. These factors were found to be interrelated, with relationships serving as both an independent influence and a mediating factor affecting the other dimensions. The literature review leads to a multi-dimensional complexity model of well-being. This model suggests potential mechanisms by which a small change to an external factor can have far reaching, and potentially unexpected, impacts on student well-being. The implications and limitations of such a model are discussed, and avenues for future research are suggested.
Critical temperature of a superconducting transition and electronphonon interaction in plastically deformed rhenium
Authors: Tulina N. A. , Novokhatskaya N. I.
Published: November 2024

The influence of plastic deformations on the increase in the critical temperature of the superconducting transition in rhenium is investigated. The paramagnetic susceptibility and resistivity of rhenium monocrystals deformed to different degrees are measured in the 0−140° C range. It is established that the electron-phonon interaction parameter varies because of the plastic deformation, and its increase governs the shift in the critical temperature.
Theory of superconductor junctions with an interlayer of normal metal
Authors: Bezuglyi A. I. , Kulik I. O. , Mitsai Yu. N.
Published: November 2024

This study deals with current modes in SNS and SINS juntions. The temperature characteristic of the Josephson current is determined by the phase-coherent spectrum of discrete states of quasiparticles in the normal layer. Transient characteristics of an SINS junction in an alternating electromagnetic field are also established here, and it is shown that the impedance is a nonmonotonic function of the frequency. The oscillation period is found from the relation ℏω=2ΔEn, with ΔEn denoting the difference between energy levels is the discrete spectrum.
Acoustoelectric effect in bismuth in a quantizing magnetic field
Authors: Korolyuk A. P. , Roi V. F.
Published: November 2024

The possibility of using the phenomenon of the acoustoelectric effect (AE) in conductors and giant quantum oscillations of AE current in a magnetic field to study the charge carrier energy spectrum is considered. The investigations were carried out on single-crystal bismuth specimens with R293/R4,2=300 at liquid-helium temperatures for 300 and 500 MHz longitudinal ultrasonic wave frequencies in the direction of the principal crystallographic axes. Giant quantum oscillations of the longitudinal AE current and its transverse components relative to the sound vector q and the magnetic field H were investigated theoretically and experimentally. Analysis of the results obtained permits the conclusion that both the extremal sections of the constant energy surfaces and the sign of the oscillating quasiparticles can be determined efficiently by using the AE effect in a quantizing magnetic field. This is of great interest for the investigation of other metals, including those having a more complex Fermi surface.
Q&A: Hyejin Youn applies statistical physics to human behavior
Authors: Feder Toni
Published: November 2024

The physicist examines crime, transportation, innovation, and more in the burgeoning field of computational social science.
Dietary energy level and β2-adrenergic agonist supplementation on growth performance, dietary energy, carcass traits, and visceral mass of hairy lambs
Authors: Castro-Pérez Beatriz I. , Escobedo-Gallegos Lucía de G. , Mendoza-Cortez Daniel , Estrada-Angulo Alfredo , Urías-Estrada Jesús D. , Quezada-Rubio Jesús A. , Zinn Richard A. , Plascencia Alejandro
Published: November 2024

Context The beta-agonist zilpaterol (ZH) is a feed additive that improves growth performance via protein accretion during the finishing phase of ruminant fattening. However, evaluating the possible interaction between ZH and nutrients of the diet has received limited attention. Aims We investigated the changes in growth performance and carcass traits in response to ZH supplementation of hairy lambs fed finishing diets with different energy concentration. Methods Forty-eight Pelibuey × Katahdin crossbred male lambs (43.8 ± 6.3 kg) were used in a 34-day feeding trial to evaluate the interaction between diet energy density [8.37 (LE) and 8.79 (HE) MJ of net energy for maintenance (NEm) per kilogram of diet] and zilpaterol hydrochloride supplementation (ZH, dosed at 0 or 6 mg ZH/kg) on growth performance, carcass traits, and visceral mass. All diets contained 14.5% crude protein (CP). Key results There was no interaction of energy level and ZH in any of the variables evaluated. HE increased average daily gain (ADG) and gain efficiency (GF) without affecting the observed-to-expected dietary NE. Zilpaterol supplementation increased ADG, GF, and observed-to-expected dietary NE. Both HE and ZH increased carcass weight. HE increased carcass fat, whereas ZH decreased it. HE increased dressing percentage. ZH increased longissimus muscle area, the muscle:fat ratio in the shoulder, and leg whole-cut proportion. Visceral mass was not affected by energy level. ZH decreased visceral fat. Conclusions Increasing diet energy from 8.37 to 8.79 MJ NEm/kg enhanced growth performance and carcass traits but did not improve dietary energy utilization. Supplemental ZH enhanced growth performance, dietary-energy utilization and carcass traits of lambs. Implications ZH supplementation is a tool to enhance growth performance by improving protein accretion and reducing carcass fat. Response to ZH supplementation is independent of the differences in energy density of finishing diets.
The glucocorticoid receptor potentiates aldosterone-induced transcription by the mineralocorticoid receptor
Authors: Johnson Thomas A. , Fettweis Gregory , Wagh Kaustubh , Ceacero-Heras Diego , Krishnamurthy Manan , Sánchez de Medina Fermín , Martínez-Augustin Olga , Upadhyaya Arpita , Hager Gordon L. , Alvarez de la Rosa Diego
Published: November 2024

The glucocorticoid and mineralocorticoid receptors (GR and MR, respectively) have distinct, yet overlapping physiological and pathophysiological functions. There are indications that both receptors interact functionally and physically, but the precise role of this interdependence is poorly understood. Here, we analyzed the impact of GR coexpression on MR genome-wide transcriptional responses and chromatin binding upon activation by aldosterone and glucocorticoids, both physiological ligands of this receptor. Transcriptional responses of MR in the absence of GR result in fewer regulated genes. In contrast, coexpression of GR potentiates MR-mediated transcription, particularly in response to aldosterone, both in cell lines and in the more physiologically relevant model of mouse colon organoids. MR chromatin binding is altered by GR coexpression in a locus- and ligand-specific way. Single-molecule tracking of MR suggests that the presence of GR contributes to productive binding of MR/aldosterone complexes to chromatin. Together, our data indicate that coexpression of GR potentiates aldosterone-mediated MR transcriptional activity, even in the absence of glucocorticoids.
Child activity contexts and language environments
Authors: Glas Ludivine , Chubey Kiana , Soderstrom Melanie
Published: November 2024

Activity contexts are increasingly recognized as important for the variation observed in the type and quantity of
speech heard by children. However, there is little data from children’s everyday experiences to properly study this role. We
analyzed the quantity of target child-directed speech (TDS) and other-directed speech (ODS) according to children’s activity
contexts. We used Daylong Audio Recordings of American English children aged 6–17 months old from the Bergelson Seedlings corpus.
A higher quantity of ODS per minute was observed in Solitary playful and exploratory activity contexts, while a higher quantity of
TDS per minute was observed in Social activity contexts in comparison to other activity contexts. However, the interindividual
variation found needs to be further explored. These results highlight the link between the language environment and activity
contexts, and their importance for understanding child language development.
Conversations in early childhood education and care centres
Authors: Yamaguchi Naomi , Bertin Tiphanie , Beaupoil-Hourdel Pauline
Published: November 2024

The present study describes the use of recasts by early childhood education and care (ECEC) professionals in five
ECEC centres in France, and their effects on children’s language production – particularly on the phonological and morphosyntactic
levels. We adopt a multimodal approach, taking into account recasts conveyed by vocal and visual modalities. The ECEC setting
offers a complex interaction framework with more multiple and intertwined conversations than dyadic interactions. We aim to answer
two questions: to what extent do the recasts of ECEC professionals contribute to the co-construction of meaning and discourse, and
how do they constitute favourable contexts for children to experience the situated use of formal and functional linguistic
features? Our results, based on 135 interactional sequences and qualitative analysis, show that under certain conditions, recasts
are an efficient professional practice for scaffolding language acquisition and for involving children as active participants in
dyadic interaction.
High-dimensional Bayesian likelihood normalisation for CRESST's background model
Authors: Angloher G. , Banik S. , Benato G. , Bento A. , Bertolini A. , Breier R. , Bucci C. , Burkhart J. , Canonica L. , D'Addabbo A. , Di Lorenzo S. , Einfalt L. , Erb A. , Feilitzsch F.v. , Fichtinger S. , Fuchs D. , Garai A. , Ghete V.M. , Gorla P. , Guillaumon P.V. , Gupta S. , Hauff D. , Ješkovský M. , Jochum J. , Kaznacheeva M. , Kinast A. , Kluck H. , Kraus H. , Kuckuk S. , Langenkämper A. , Mancuso M. , Marini L. , Meyer L. , Mokina V. , Nilima A. , Olmi M. , Ortmann T. , Pagliarone C. , Pattavina L. , Petricca F. , Potzel W. , Povinec P. , Pröbst F. , Pucci F. , Reindl F. , Rothe J. , Schäffner K. , Schieck J. , Schmiedmayer D. , Schönert S. , Schwertner C. , Stahlberg M. , Stodolsky L. , Strandhagen C. , Strauss R. , Usherov I. , Wagner F. , Willers M. , Zema V. , Ferella F. , Laubenstein M. , Nisi S. ,   The CRESST collaboration
Published: November 2024

Using CaWO4 crystals as cryogenic calorimeters, the
CRESST experiment searches for nuclear recoils caused by the
scattering of potential Dark Matter particles. A reliable
identification of a potential signal crucially depends on an
accurate background model. In this work, we introduce an improved
normalisation method for CRESST's model of electromagnetic
backgrounds, which is an important technical step towards developing
a more accurate background model. Spectral templates based on Geant4
simulations are normalised via a Bayesian likelihood fit to
experimental background data. Contrary to our previous work, no
explicit assumption of partial secular equilibrium is required a
priori, which results in a more robust and versatile applicability.
This new method also naturally considers the correlation between all
background components. Due to these purely technical improvements,
the presented method has the potential to explain up to 82.7 % of
the experimental background within [1 keV,40 keV],
an improvement of at most 18.6 % compared to our previous
method. The actual value is subject to ongoing validations of the
included physics.
Vertebral Fracture Prediction from MRI-based Vertebral Bone Quality Scores in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Lin Wentao , Chen Tao , Zheng Guanghao , Yin Houjie , Xie Faqin , Huang Chunchao , Wang Xiaoqian , Mao Raobing , Wang Zhiyun
Published: November 2024

Study Design.

A longitudinal cohort study

Objective.

The study aims to assess the lumbar MRI-based vertebral bone quality (VBQ) score and dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) T score in a longitudinal cohort of postmenopausal women and to evaluate the performance of these scores in predicting VF over 5 years of follow-up.

Summary of Background Data.

VBQ scores can be used for osteoporosis screening and identification of vertebral fractures (VFs). However, due to limitations in prior cross-sectional studies, definitive conclusions about the causal associations between the VBQ score and incident VF have not been drawn.

Methods.

Postmenopausal women with baseline DXA and lumbar MRI data were enrolled. Follow-up assessments were conducted over 5 years after the baseline examination; both anteroposterior- and lateral-view thoracolumbar spine radiographs were captured to evaluate incident VF. At baseline, correlation analyses between the VBQ score and osteoporosis or preexisting VF were performed. A Cox regression model for multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the risk factors for incident VF. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated.

Results.

137 postmenopausal women were included. The VBQ score was moderately correlated with lumbar bone mineral density at baseline (r=0.4, P<0.001). Patients with incident VF had significantly lower T scores (-3.4 vs. -1.87, P<0.001) and higher VBQ scores (4.62 vs. 4.03, P<0.001) at baseline than those without incident VF. After adjusting for age, weight, creatinine clearance, and alkaline phosphatase levels, the HRs for the VBQ score and T score were 1.93 and 0.71, respectively. After adjusting for the T score, an increased VBQ score was independently associated with an increased risk of incident VF, with an HR of 1.87.

Conclusion.

The VBQ score was moderately correlated with DXA T score and was a predictor of incident VF risk independent of bone mineral density in postmenopausal women.
Machine-learning methodologies to predict disease progression in chronic hepatitis B in Africa
Authors: Desalegn Hailemichael , Yang Xianchen , Yen Yi-Syuan , Berhe Nega , Kenney Brooke , Siwo Geoffrey H. , Tang Weijing , Zhu Ji , Waljee Akbar K. , Johannessen Asgeir
Published: November 2024

Background:

Little is known about the determinants of disease progression among African patients with chronic HBV infection.

Methods:

We used machine-learning models with longitudinal data to establish predictive algorithms in a well-characterized cohort of Ethiopian HBV-infected patients without baseline liver fibrosis. Disease progression was defined as an increase in liver stiffness to >7.9 kPa or initiation of treatment based on meeting the eligibility criteria.

Results:

Twenty-four of 551 patients (4.4%) experienced disease progression after a median follow-up time of 69 months. A random forest model based on a combination of available laboratory tests (standard hematology and biochemistry) demonstrated the best predictive properties with the AUROC ranging from 0.82 to 0.88.

Conclusion:

We conclude that combined metrics based on simple and available laboratory tests had good predictive properties and should be explored further in larger HBV cohorts.
Case reports on hand prejuvenation: clinical outcomes in middle-aged women with hyaluronic acid filler plus lidocaine
Authors: Siquier-Dameto Gabriel , Malgapo Dennis Malvin Hernandez
Published: November 2024

Background:

Hand rejuvenation with hyaluronic acid filler injections is gaining more attention for its ability to correct volume loss and improve skin quality. The hand dorsum is prone to loss of dermal elasticity and subcutaneous atrophy as individuals age, and administering hyaluronic acid fillers has become an option to restore the smoothness and youthful contour of the hand.

Objective:

The aim of this study is to demonstrate that injections with Definisse Touch Filler Plus Lidocaine are effective and safe for hand rejuvenation.

Methods:

Ten subjects underwent filler placement of 0.5 to 1.0 mL in the dorsal superficial lamina, which is devoid of sensory nerves and major skin vessels, using a blunt cannula via the fanning technique. Measurements were done before, immediately after, and 1 month after the treatment using validated aesthetic scales.

Results:

There was a significant correction of volume loss immediately after the first treatment and an improvement in skin texture and topography 1 month after the procedure. No lasting or severe adverse effects were observed.

Limitations:

To show significant and conclusive results, it is recommended to conduct further prospective, comparative, blinded studies in more subjects followed for longer periods (ie, 12 months or more). Objective analysis of volumetric changes using automated three-dimensional surface techniques is likewise beneficial.

Conclusion:

Injecting a low G-prime hyaluronic acid along the dorsal superficial lamina via cannula provides an effective and tolerable option for improving the appearance of aged hands.
Metabolic syndromes, hepatitis B virus (HBV), and hepatitis C virus as three factors involved in the development of hepatic steatosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Keikha Masoud , Sahebkar Amirhossein , Jamialahmadi Tannaz , Karbalaei Mohsen
Published: November 2024

Background:

In recent years, the increase in prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) in patients with viral chronic hepatitis due to hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) has been alarming. The pattern of liver histological changes in patients with HBV and HCV infections resembles those of NAFLD, leading to potential misdiagnosis.

Methods:

Using global databases such as Scopus and PubMed, relevant studies were retrieved and those studies found to be eligible based on inclusion criteria were analyzed. Statistical analysis was done by comprehensive meta-analysis software.

Results:

The results suggested an inverse association between HBV and HCV infections and hepatic steatosis risk, but not significant. The risk of hepatic steatosis in patients with concurrent chronic viral hepatitis is significantly associated performed with metabolic syndrome and biochemical parameters particularly body mass index > 25 kg/m2, arterial hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, and hypercholesterolemia.

Conclusion:

According to the results of the present study, viral hepatitis (viral load) has a protective role against the development of hepatic steatosis. Nevertheless, hepatic steatosis in patients infected with HBV and HCV was associated with metabolic syndrome.
Airway management in patients with COVID-19: an updated guide for clinicians in the emergency department
Authors: Erenler Ali Kemal , Komut Seval , Çapraz Mustafa , Baydin Ahmet
Published: November 2024

The coronavirus disease, also known as Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 virus has changed the characteristics of many methods used by healthcare providers. These modifications aimed to provide safety and reduce the risk of virus transmission. Some of the recommendations to reduce the risk of aerosol transmission during the intubation are usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) and video laryngoscopy (VL). After satisfactory preoxygenation, along with sedation and paralysis of the patient, modified rapid sequence induction is the recommended technique. Intubation timing and period should be arranged well in order to minimize aerosol spread. During intubation, barrier devices, such as screens and intubation boxes should be considered. Patient coughing during intubation can generate aerosols and should be avoided. Gentle airway manipulation is assured. It is prudent to use VL rather than direct laryngoscopy for intubation because VL increases the distance between the healthcare worker's face and the patient's face, which may minimize the risk of contamination. In this narrative review, we aimed to focus on protective measures and modifications occurred during COVID-19 pandemic.
Human adenovirus 6 identification in tonsillar tissue of children with tonsillar hypertrophy
Authors: Heydarifard Zahra , Salimi Vahid , Achak Farshid , Zadheidar Sevrin , Sadeghi Kaveh , Yekaninejad Mir Saeed , Mokhtari-Azad Talat , Shafiei-Jandaghi Nazanin Zahra
Published: November 2024

Tonsillar hypertrophy is a common disorder in children that its pathogenesis has not been fully understood. The possible role of respiratory viral infections in tonsillar hypertrophy is still under investigation. Human adenovirus (HAdV) is one of the probable candidates, which might cause cell growth induction, apoptosis inhibition and finally tonsillar hypertrophy. This study was designed to determine the rate of HAdV genome detection, as well as identifying the virus species and types in tonsil tissues of children aged 15 years and younger with tonsillar hypertrophy. To reach the goals, 50 tonsillar tissue specimens were collected from children with hypertrophy who underwent tonsillectomies. A nested PCR with specific primers targeting a part of HAdV hexon gene was performed on these samples. PCR products of positive cases were subjected to sequencing and phylogenetic tree was drawn. The results showed that, HAdV genome was detected in 16 (32%) tissue samples, in which HAdV-C6 (31.3%, 5/16) was identified as the predominant type, followed by HAdV-C1 (25%, 4/16), HAdV-C5 (18.7%, 3/16), HAdV-C2 (12.5%, 2/16) and HAdV-B7 (12.5%, 2/16). Remarkably, in this study HAdV-C6 was the most common identified type with the potency of latency in children diagnosed with tonsillar hypertrophy. This type of adenovirus mostly causes asymptomatic infection which results in underestimation of this type by screening symptomatic patients. In conclusion, HAdV-C was the predominant species of HAdV detected in hypertrophic tonsil tissues. Latency-associated transcripts of this virus might be involved in pathogenesis of tonsillar hypertrophy.
Detection of bla CTX-M, bla TEM, and bla SHV genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae from Nigeria
Authors: Nsofor Chijioke A. , Moses Abasiodiong , Onyeakazi Chidera M. , Okeke Chiamaka J. , Ikegbunam Moses N.
Published: November 2024

The increasing prevalence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae has become a major problem in the clinical setting. As a part of an antimicrobial resistance surveillance program in southeast Nigeria; this study determined the rate of ESBL genes among clinical isolates of E. coli and K. pneumoniae from major hospitals in Owerri southeast Nigeria. The microbiological culture-based method was used for the cultivation and identification of bacteria. The double-disk synergy test was used to phenotypically evaluate ESBL production while PCR confirmed the ESBL genes. A total of 433 samples were analyzed; 249 (57.5%) yielded bacteria growth comprising of consecutive 163 (65.5%) E. coli and 86 (34.5%) K. pneumoniae. The isolates were resistant to a wide range of antibiotics, with the highest rate observed in ceftazidime (90.8%) and lowest in imipenem (26.9%). There was no significant difference in the rate of resistance between E. coli and K. pneumoniae (P > 0.05). Phenotypically, ESBL was observed in 91 (36.5%) of the isolates while PCR detected three ESBL genes; bla
CTX-M,
bla
TEM, and bla
SHV. All isolates analyzed by PCR harbored at least one ESBL gene; with bla
CTX-M being the most prevalent, (97.3%) followed by bla
TEM (75.7%) and bla
SHV (32.4%). Multidrug resistance (MDR) was observed in all isolates carrying the ESBL genes. These data, showing a high prevalence of ESBL genes will provide baseline information to the clinicians in the management of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in the hospitals.