bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sejarah Mitos 'Desa Gribigan' Sebagai Desa Terlarang Bagi Pegawai Negeri Sipil: Society Perspective
Authors: Dewi Isna Rafika , Shiddiq Ghofar
Published: December 2020

Desa Gribigan adalah sebuah desa di kecamatan Wedung, Kabupaten Demak. Desa Gribigan memiliki sejarah dan mitos yang unik. Peneliti berhasil menggali informasi tentang sejarah dan mitos desa ini melalui 6 informan. Dari kesimpulan hasil informasi, secara singkat, asal usul terjadinya mitos desa Gribigan adalah dahulu terdapat seorang Putri Solo yang sedang lari-lari dikejar oleh Prajurit Kediri yang menyenanginya. Hingga pada akhirnya seorang putri tersebut bersembunyi dan menetap di desa Gribigan yang dulunya adalah hutan. Pada saat itu, untuk melindungi putrinya dari kejaran Prajurit Kediri itu, mereka bersumpah bahwa siapa saja prajurit Kediri yang datang ke tempat ini akan terkena kesialan, jika tidak lengser maka ia akan mati. Penyebaran mitos desa Gribigan dilakukan melalui cerita turun temurun. Kemudian, masyarakat menanggapi sejarah mitos melalui komponen sikap, yaitu komponen afektif, behavioral, dan kognitif. Selanjutnya, penelitian ini menemukan hasil yang mengindikasikan bahwa mitos desa Gribigan masih dipegang teguh oleh masyarakat. Akan tetapi, ada yang masih kuat mempercayai dan ada pula yang tidak mempercayai. Ini mendasar pada keyakinan beserta pengetahuannya masing-masing. Keberadaan mitos ini memberi pengaruh peradaban manusia dalam hal mu’amalah (peran aparatur pemerintah) dan aqidah (keyakinan masyarakat). Penelitian ini sangat memiliki keterbatasan dalam mengumpulkan data dari responden. Penelitian ini sudah menggunakan sampel responden yang sudah tepat sasaran. Namun, untuk mendapatkan data yang lebih variatif, peneliti berikutnya disarankan untuk menambahkan lebih banyak informasi dari sudut pandang aparatur pemerintah seperti TNI dan Polisi di sekitar wilayah desa Wedung untuk mengungkap informasi yang penting yang belum ada di penelitian ini.
Dynamics of Shrinking Religious Freedom in Post-Reformasi in Indonesia
Authors: Hurriyah Hurriyah
Published: December 2020

Much of the studies on religious freedom in Indonesia have established a striking disconnection between constitutional protections and the actual implementation of religious freedom, underlining the state’s failure as a protector of human rights. Yet, the emphasis on human rights has overlooked why the levels of governmental restrictions are substantially increased in democratized Indonesia, creating a trend of shrinking religious freedom. Using the perspective of civic space, this study analyses the dynamics of such a trend and the involvement of the state as a primary determinant. To demonstrate how and in what way the state engages in creating shrinking religious freedom, this study uses a combination of literature reviews and inspection on past measurements on the religious freedom situation in Indonesia. This study argues that rather than ideological factors, the dynamics of shrinking religious freedom is more related to the unrelenting endeavors from state-actors and agencies to control religion for the purpose of political motives and consideration due to the changing political landscape in a democratized Indonesia.
A ARTICULAÇÃO RELIGIÃO-POLÍTICA NO DISCURSO POLÍTICO: ANÁLISE DE UM PRONUNCIAMENTO DO CABO DACIOLO SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA SEMIOLINGUÍSTICA DE CHARAUDEAU
Authors: Melo Mônica , Araujo Said
Published: December 2020

Our paper studies the intersection between religious and political discourse. It analyzes a parliamentary pronouncement of former federal deputy, Cabo Daciolo, held in plenary in 2017, period that precedes his official candidacy for presidential elections. This work was done based in the Semiolinguistic Theory of Patrick Charaudeau, besides assumptions exploring the relation between religion and society. The work aimed to analyze the interdiscursive relations between these two domains, aiming, above all, the identification of the ethé and the interpretation of the projected imaginaries. The results obtained point to a constant use of religious discourse to validate the political position of Daciolo.
APRESENTAÇÃO DA SEÇÃO TEMÁTICA - GENÉRICOS DISCURSIVOS: ENUNCIAÇÃO, MEMÓRIA E HISTÓRIA
Authors: Chiaretti Paula , Tfouni Leda
Published: December 2020

In order to present the issue 22 of this journal thematic section, the text introduces theoretical articulations that aim to understand the functioning of discursive generics and presents the articles that have been accepted for publication.
PHYSICS COMPREHENSIVE CONTEXTUAL TEACHING MATERIAL UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN ARGUMENTASI
Authors: Zaini Muhammad , Adi Nugroho Prasetya , Ali Lalu Usman
Published: December 2020

Contextual Teaching Learning (CTL) is learning based on contextual events in daily life. The development of teaching materials assisted by android applications in learning physics is a very necessary thing and needs to be carried out continuously. This research aims to produce android-assisted PhyCCTM teaching materials that can improve the ability of argumentation. This research is research and development. The development procedure refers to the development model adapted from the 4D model which consists of four stages namely defining, designing, developing, and distributing. Content validation was carried out by four lecturers and seven physics teachers. Field trials are carried out in schools by applying the quasi-experimental method and using the control group pretest and posttest design. The trial was conducted by taking two classes as experimental and control classes. Improvement and differences in the results of students' argumentation abilities in the experimental and control groups were done by t-test. The research results obtained are android-assisted PhyCCTM teaching materials to improve the ability of argumentation worthy to be used with the category of "Good" and android-assisted PhyCCTM able to improve students' ability to argue with sig. (2-tailed) of 0,000. The conclusion obtained from this study is that Android-assisted PhyCCTM teaching materials developed are feasible to use and are able to improve students' ability to argue.
Institutions and foreign direct investment: A Panel VAR approach
Authors: Ouechtati Ichraf
Published: December 2020

This paper employs panel vector autoregression model (PVAR) for a panel of 90 developing countries over 17 years (2000-2016) to empirically examine the relationship between institutional shocks and foreign direct investment (FDI). The study finds that institutional shocks have a negative impacts on FDI. Generally, the effect begins to mitigate from the fourth year. This result could be explained mainly by the instability of institutional variables « Regulation of credit, labor and business » and « government size » in the case of FDI inflows and outflows. The effect is higher in the case of FDI inflows. This suggests that investors already settled in developing countries are less sensitive to institutional shocks.
Also, results reveal that the negative impact of institutional shocks on net FDI is explained by the instability of legal structure and property rights and access to sound money.
How do different firms perform while trading own stock? A granular analysis on specific characteristics and market conditions
Authors: Santos Dinis , Gama Paulo M.
Published: December 2020

Which firms are more likely to time the market? This paper uses a relative transaction price approach, focusing on 37997 own stock transactions from Euronext Lisbon listed firms, ranging from 2005 to 2015, to estimate the relationship between the market timing ability of firms and a set of firm specific characteristics. Results show that smaller, more efficient but less valuable companies are more likely to be successful to time the market. Furthermore, we show that a shifting event such as a country bailout can lead to an increased performance from firms when trading own stock. Additionally, we find proof that OTC trading can be linked to lower market timing capabilities. At last, and due to the considerable weight of the financial sector within our sample, we estimated isolated results, which prove that the higher the relative performance of a firm when compared to its share value, the higher the capabilities of a financial sector firm to time the market when repurchasing own stock.
Kebebasan Informasi Kalangan Milenial Dalam Ber-media Sosial
Authors: Fatmawati Endang
Published: December 2020

Media digital telah merubah eksistensi kalangan milenial dalam berinteraksi dan berkomunikasi. Semua bisa dilakukan dengan lebih cepat, mudah, dan murah. Perilaku mengakses informasi bagi kalangan milenial selalu lekat dengan perangkat teknologi digital. Kemampuan internet dalam menjangkau secara verbal dan visual, menjadikan internet mempunyai peran sangat penting dalam komunikasi. Gaya hidup menggunakan smartphone menjadi potret kalangan milenial di era media sosial. Kebebasan informasi bagi kalangan milenial perlu diimbangi dengan kompetensi literasi digital, pengetahuan normatif, dan kecerdasan intelektual dalam menggunakan media sosial.
EFICÁCIA DE MÉTODOS DE ESTIMATIVA DA CARGA SÓLIDA TOTAL EM RIOS DE LEITOS ROCHOSOS
Authors: Geffer Edivaldo , Vestena Leandro Redin
Published: December 2020

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo testar a eficácia de métodos de estimativa da carga sólida fluvial em rios de leito predominantemente rochosos, de bacias com diferentes tipos de uso da terra, em Guarapuava, região central do Estado do Paraná. A partir de dados hidrossedimentológicos medidos na bacia hidrográfica do Cascavel, e em quatro de suas sub-bacias, em 13 eventos de chuva entre julho de 2015 e novembro de 2016, aplicaram-se e avaliaram-se os métodos indiretos de cálculo da descarga sólida total fluvial de Colby, Karim, Engelund & Hansen e Cheng. Na bacia do Cascavel, o método de Cheng, seguido pelo de Colby foram os que aprestaram melhores resultados na estimativa da descarga sólida total, com uma diferença percentual entre os dados medidos e estimados de 67,77% e 73,66%, respectivamente. Nas sub-bacias verificaram-se grandes diferenças entre a descarga sólida total medida e estimada. O método que apresentou menor diferença percentual relativa entre a carga sólida total medida e estimada variou nos eventos de chuva e sub-bacias. Constatou-se não haver um método indireto de cálculo da descarga sólida total mais indicado para rios de leito rochosos, em razão da eficiência dos métodos terem variado nos eventos e bacias. O transporte de sedimento fluvial mostrou-se complexo, e está associado principalmente às especificidades ambientais do local e as formas de manejo do solo.
MODELO DE RECONSTITUIÇÃO PALEOAMBIENTAL TRIDIMENSIONAL DAS FLUTUAÇÕES DO NÍVEL RELATIVO DO MAR DURANTE O HOLOCENO NA REGIÃO DOS LAGOS FLUMINENSES - SUDESTE BRASILEIRO
Authors: Pereira Felipe de Melo Barreto , Sicoli Seoane Jose Carlos , Cunha Aline Meneguci da , Castro João Wagner de Alencar , Ramos Renato Rodriguez Cabral
Published: December 2020

As variações do nível relativo do mar (VNRM) tiveram um papel importante na formação das planícies costeiras fluminenses durante o Holoceno, sendo responsáveis pela construção de extensas feições deposicionais costeiras na Região dos Lagos. Modelos de reconstituição paleoambiental tridimensionais de VNRM são importantes para entender a evolução sedimentar costeira em ambientes formados por cordões litorâneos, lagunas, deltas, estuários, pântanos e ilhas barreiras, que são feições geomorfológicas comuns no litoral brasileiro. Objetiva-se desenvolver um modelo tridimensional de reconstituição paleoambiental na região da planície costeira de Cabo Frio, Rio de Janeiro. Como procedimento metodológico, realizou-se levantamento faciológico e análise sedimentológica em seis locais, em conjunto com análises de sensoriamento remoto. Os ambientes de sedimentação foram interpretados através de imagens de satélite e diante da correlação encontrada entre as análises sedimentológicas e geomorfológicas, sendo descrito o processo de elevação do nível relativo do mar que afetou a região em uma reconstituição paleoambiental tridimensional. Resultados obtidos através de datações por radiocarbono, sugerem que esses cenários paleoambientais ocorreram entre 6.330 a 4.800 cal anos AP. Esse intervalo de tempo corresponde ao avanço do nível relativo marinho, entre o pico máximo holocênico e o processo inicial de descida do nível relativo do mar. O cenário apresentado pela paleoreconstituição ambiental tridimensional da VNRM, que afetou a região durante o Holoceno, ilustra como um processo de transgressão marinha evolui e afeta a porção emersa de uma bacia sedimentar costeira, deixando inúmeras evidências geomorfológicas, sedimentológicas e registros fossilíferos.
LINKING DISSOLVED ORGANIC CARBON SPATIAL HETEROGENEITY TO GROUNDWATER DYNAMICS AND SOIL ORGANIC CARBON CONTENT IN A SUBTROPICAL HEADWATER CATCHMENT
Authors: Siefert Cesar Augusto Crovador , Santos Irani dos
Published: December 2020

Storage and fluxes of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) are triggered by interactions between hydrological and biogeochemical processes in the landscape. However, the relationship between DOC sources and catchment water storage is poorly understood due to uncertainties about the interactions between shallow groundwater (GW) dynamics and soil organic carbon (SOC). To investigate the relationships between catchment functioning and the spatiotemporal variability of DOC concentrations in shallow GW, we monitored a network of 12 shallow GW wells in a 0.24 km² catchment in Southern Brazil using DOC analysis and SOC measurements together with GW and stream gauging and statistical analyses. The greatest DOC concentration was observed in wells in the zero-order basin with highly dynamic saturation of the soil profile (50% with water table level below 0.5 m, mean DOC = 4.83 ± 2.53 mg L-1), where GW was characterized by a fast rise and slow decay during storm events. In these areas, the relationship between DOC concentration and GW level followed a decay with soil depth and higher DOC concentrations were found when GW level was within 0.1 m of the soil surface (ranging from 2.00 to 14.8 mg L-1). Wells in mid-slope locations were characterized by the lowest SOC content and DOC concentration in GW (1.96 ± 0.91 mg L-1). During the driest period, lower slopes showed higher DOC concentrations than riparian zones due to the persistent near saturation of GW and the occurrence of DOC-enriched water due to the high SOC content in superficial layers. When the riparian zone and hillslopes showed a low water storage deficit and a quasi-permanent hydrological connectivity, DOC produced between rainfall events was transported continuously from saturated areas in hillslopes to riparian zones, with a higher DOC concentration in wells near streams. This study demonstrates that spatial sources of DOC in a subtropical headwater system are linked to streamflow generation processes and GW dynamics.
Profiles of institutional ethics committees and status of standard operating procedures in North East India.
Authors: Das Bishnu Ram , Kakoti Gitali
Published: December 2020

Limited data are available regarding institutional ethics committees (IECs) and their standard operating procedures (SOPs) in North East (NE) India. An attempt was made to study the profiles of IECs and the status of their SOPs in health research institutes of NE India. Fourteen biomedical and health research institutes of NE India were reviewed. Only 12 of these 14 institutes had constituted their IECs. The IECs were multidisciplinary and multisectoral in nature; of the 12 institutes, 8 had adequate representation by age and seven committees had adequate representation by gender. In 11 out of 12 IECs, chairpersons were non-affiliated, and chairperson qualifications in 10 of 12 IECs were found to be in keeping with the National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research involving Human Participants, 2017, of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). There were no lay persons in 6 out of 12 IECs. Nine out of 12 institutes had framed their SOPs. Three out of nine IECs adopted all three types of reviews namely exemption from review, expedited review and full committee review. Six out of nine SOPs had adopted the provision of quarterly review meetings. Declarations of conflict of interest (CoI) were specified in seven out of nine SOPs. Five out of nine SOPs mentioned no voting power for members who declared CoI. Seven out of nine SOPs specified the designated office space, staff, and budget of the committee. Only 2 out of the 12 IECs were registered. Our findings concluded that the characteristics and composition of IECs of health research institutes in NE India are suboptimal. Most of the SOPs were not framed as per recommendations of the ICMR National Ethical Guidelines for Biomedical and Health Research Involving Human Participants, 2017, and were unregistered.
Challenges of informed consent during a political crisis: A case study of research with a marginalised group
Authors: MISHRA SAPNA , GAITONDE RAKHAL
Published: December 2020

Ethical guidelines mandate that the researcher must obtain written informed consent either from the participant or from an impartial witness before commencing data collection. This case study describes some issues faced in trying to put this into practice. The research project in which these issues arose aimed to study occupational health problems and healthcare­seeking practices among workers in the unorganised e­waste sector in a south Indian city. The process of collecting written informed consent proceeded smoothly until the passage of the Citizenship Amendment Act. This made these workers extremely anxious. They were ready to participate but refused to sign any document. In these circumstances, identifying an “impartial witness” or a “study independent person”, the recommended alternative to written consent by the institutional ethics committee, was impossible, given the closeknit community that was being studied and the fact that everyone was involved in one way or the other with e­waste related work.
Improvement of Knowledge and Action of Farmers in Agroforestry Coffee Cultivation
Authors: Thoriq Ahmad , Sugandi Wahyu K , Sampurno Rizky Mulya , Soleh Mochamad Arief
Published: December 2020

Coffee cultivation techniques play important roles in the productivity of coffee beans. This study aims to obtain information about knowledge and actions of farmers in coffee plantingin Genteng Village, Sukasari, Sumedang District. The research was conducted by direct survey method using a structured questionnaire to obtain primary data, while secondary data was obtained from government agencies. The data obtained were presented descriptively and analyzed using χ2 (chi-square). The results showed that most of the farmers (78%) had good knowledge oncoffee cultivation, while 18% of the farmers had moderate knowledge and 4% of the farmers had low knowledge. However, only 54% of the farmers took actions by applying recommended good coffee cultivation techniques. The level of knowledge of the farmers correlated with age and farming experience while farmer actions correlated with education level. The training contributed to increase in farmers' knowledge from 76% to 84.5%.
Letramento e sensibilidade: experiências e laboratório de leitura e identidade no ambiente escolar
Authors: Rosa Daniele Oliveira , Maia Paulo Cezar
Published: December 2020

Um dos persistentes temas abordados na escola básica é a falta ou a dificuldade de leitura dos estudantes brasileiros. O baixo desempenho nas avaliações externas revela a necessidade de se buscar um caminho para melhorar o trabalho nas escolas, garantindo ao aluno o aprendizado pleno. O que se pretende através desse artigo é apresentar um projeto de pesquisa que vem sendo desenvolvido em escolas do ensino básico, no Estado do Rio de Janeiro, com objetivo voltado à formação de leitores por meio de oficinas de leitura de Literatura, as quais propõem  traduções intersemióticas de textos literários para o audiovisual, centradas no trabalho politécnico com caráter formativo como metodologia participativa (Maia, 2020). Essas oficinas trazem como resultado um engajamento do estudante, à medida que utiliza os recursos tecnológicos que fazem parte do seu cotidiano e o estimula por meio da leitura literária a observar, interpretar, analisar e produzir roteiros para traduzir o texto de forma significativa. Essa potência criativa surge assim pela autonomia que todo este processo permite. Portanto, o ambiente de trabalho coletivo no qual a literatura fornece possibilidades de compreensão e criação dentro de uma perspectiva transdisciplinar contribui para a melhoria da educação e transformação social.
The Analysis and the Measurement of Poverty: An Interval Based Composite Indicator Approach
Authors: Drago Carlo
Published: December 2020

The analysis and measurement of poverty is a crucial issue in the field of social science. Poverty is a multidimensional notion that can be measured using composite indicators relevant to synthesizing statistical indicators. Subjective choices could, however, affect these indicators. We propose interval-based composite indicators to avoid the problem, enabling us in this context to obtain robust and reliable measures. Based on a relevant conceptual model of poverty we have identified, we will consider all the various factors identified. Then, considering a different random configuration of the various factors, we will compute a different composite indicator. We can obtain a different interval for each region based on the distinct factor choices on the different assumptions for constructing the composite indicator. So we will create an interval-based composite indicator based on the results obtained by the Monte-Carlo simulation of all the different assumptions. The different intervals can be compared, and various rankings for poverty can be obtained. For their parameters, such as center, minimum, maximum, and range, the poverty interval composite indicator can be considered and compared. The results demonstrate a relevant and consistent measurement of the indicator and the shadow sector's relevant impact on the final measures.
Microalgae as a Sustainable Source of Cosmeceuticals
Authors: Puchkova Tatiana , Khapchaeva Sofia , Zotov Vasily , Lukyanov Alexandr , Solovchenko Alexei
Published: December 2020

A prominent feature of stress-tolerant microalgae is their versatile metabolism allowing then to synthesize a broad spectrum of molecules with beneficial effects on many aspects of human body functioning. This is in line with the current understanding that many stress-induced deleterious processes in the human body and in photosynthetic cell are mediated by the same mechanisms such as free-radical attacks and lipid peroxidation. These related risks are kept at bay by optical screening of harmful UV, enzymatic ROS elimination systems, and potent low-molecular antioxidants. Microalgae synthesize a broad spectrum of compounds exerting antioxidant and/or UV-absorbing properties. In microalgae, they increase stress-resilience of these organisms. In human body, they exhibit photoprotective, antiaging, and sunscreen activities. Therefore, these algal metabolites were recognized as promising ingredients for innovative cosmetics and cosmeceutical formulations. Ever increasing effort is being invested into the search for new natural biologically active substances from microalgae. This trend is also fueled by the growing demand for natural raw materials for food, pharmaceuticals and cosmetology associated with the global transition to a "greener" lifestyle. Here, we review the currently accumulated knowledge about the main groups of cosmeceutical compounds from microalgae.
Osmanlı Sarayı’nda Teşrifat ve 950 Numaralı Teşrifat Defteri’nde Bayram ve Nevruz Hediyeleri
Authors: AYDIN Asuman
Published: December 2020

Topkapı Sarayı’nda düzenlenen Bayram törenleri diğer merasimlerde olduğu gibi teşrifat usulleri çerçevesinde gerçekleştirilir devletin ihtişamını yansıtırdı. Çalışmamızda, III. Mustafa ve I. Abdülhamid dönemi Ramazan Bayramı törenleri ile III. Selim dönemi Nevruz kutlamaları hakkında bilgi veren Teşrifat defteri kullanılmak suretiyle devlet ricalinin bayramlaşması üzerinde durulmuştur. Başbakanlık Osmanlı Arşivi, Topkapı Sarayı Fon’unda bulunan (TS. MA., d.) 950 numaralı defter özellikle 1771, 1788 tarihlerinde sunulan hediyelerin mahiyeti ile ilgili bilgi vermekte, dönemin maddi kültürü hakkında değerlendirme yapmaya olanak sağlamaktadır.
A Machine Learning Algorithm to Identify Patients with Tibial Shaft Fractures at Risk for Infection After Operative Treatment
Authors:   Machine Learning Consortium, on behalf of the SPRINT and FLOW Investigators
Published: December 2020

Background:

Risk stratification of individual patients who are prone to infection would allow surgeons to monitor high-risk patients more closely and intervene early when needed. This could reduce infection-related consequences such as increased health-care costs. The purpose of this study was to develop a machine learning (ML)-derived risk-stratification tool using the SPRINT (Study to Prospectively Evaluate Reamed Intramedullary Nails in Patients with Tibial Fractures) and FLOW (Fluid Lavage of Open Wounds) trial databases to estimate the probability of infection in patients with operatively treated tibial shaft fractures (TSFs).

Methods:

Patients with unilateral TSFs from the SPRINT and FLOW trials were randomly split into derivation (80%) and validation (20%) cohorts. Random forest algorithms were used to select features that are relevant to predicting infection. These features were included for algorithm training. Five ML algorithms were trained in recognizing patterns associated with infection. The performance of each ML algorithm was evaluated and compared based on (1) the area under the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve (AUC), (2) the calibration slope and the intercept, and (3) the Brier score.

Results:

There were 1,822 patients included in this study: 170 patients (9%) developed an infection that required treatment, 62 patients (3%) received nonoperative treatment with oral or intravenous antibiotics, and 108 patients (6%) underwent subsequent surgery in addition to antibiotic therapy. Random forest algorithms identified 7 variables that were relevant for predicting infection: (1) Gustilo-Anderson or Tscherne classification, (2) bone loss, (3) mechanism of injury, (4) multitrauma, (5) AO/OTA fracture classification, (6) age, and (7) fracture location. Training of the penalized logistic regression algorithm resulted in the best-performing prediction model, with AUC, calibration slope, calibration intercept, and Brier scores of 0.75, 0.94, 0.00, and 0.076, respectively, in the derivation cohort and 0.81, 1.07, 0.09, and 0.079, respectively, in the validation cohort.

Conclusions:

We developed an ML prediction model that can estimate the probability of infection for individual patients with TSFs based on patient and fracture characteristics that are readily available at hospital admission.

Level of Evidence:

Prognostic Level III. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
AKTIVITAS METABOLIT SEKUNDER PEMACU PERTUMBUHAN DARI BAKTERI ENDOFIT ASAL KUNYIT PUTIH (Curcuma zedoaria ROSC)
Authors: Widowati Tiwit , Simarmata Rumella , Nuriyanah NFN , Nurjanah Liseu , Lekatompessy Sylvia J.R.
Published: December 2020

Endophytic bacteria colonize the plant tissue and contribute to the host plant's growth, development, and adaptation. This study aimed to examine the endophytic bacteria diversity associated with white turmeric (Curcuma zedoaria) and determine its activity as a plant growth promoter. White turmeric plants were obtained from the Indonesian Spices and Medicinal Crop Research Institute (Balittro). The isolation of endophytic bacteria from leaves, a primary and secondary rhizome of white turmeric using Nutrient Agar (NA) medium. Identification of the isolates was conducted based on 16S rDNA. The isolates were tested for their ability as a plant growth promoter and enzyme producer. Based on the morphological characteristic, 21 isolates were obtained from the primary rhizome (47.62%), secondary rhizome (19.05%), and leaves (33.33%), respectively. The sequencing result of 16S rDNA showed that the endophytic bacteria community consisted of four phyla, β-proteobacteria, γ-proteobacteria, Flavobacteria, Firmicutes, which represented eight genera. Five isolates had several activities as a plant growth promoter, while six isolates had several enzymatic activities. Thirteen isolates had both activities, as a plant growth promoter and enzyme producer, while eight isolates only had single action. Endophytic bacteria potential as plant growth promoters can be used for supporting the cultivation of white turmeric plants.
Relasi Sosial dan Resiliensi Komunitas Petani Korban Erupsi Gunung Berapi di Kawasan Relokasi
Authors: Suharyono Sri , Panjaitan Nurmala K. , Saharuddin NFN
Published: December 2020

Volcanic eruption victims to be relocated deal with two sequential shaking conditions, namely when a volcano erupts and when the community is relocated. This paper reviews the literatures on social relations and community resilience to the natural disasters, especially volcanoes, as well as how the relocation policy is implemented for farmer community victims. The ability of the community to rise from adversity due to natural disasters and to deal with challenges of a new life in the relocation area is determined by  existing resources and their adaptive capacity. The more various the resources and the stronger the adaptive the community, the community will be more resilient. Social relations will further accelerate community resilience. Relocation is expected to improve the community’s life, but in fact in several places it raises new problems. Some considerations are needed for relocation such as location, natural and social environment, and social ties in the community. It is essential to design an efficient, effective policy to deal with natural disasters which includes sustainable livelihood and social systems.

 

Abstrak

Komunitas korban erupsi gunung berapi yang direlokasi dihadapkan pada dua kondisi goncangan yang berurutan, yakni pada saat terjadinya erupsi dan saat komunitas tersebut direlokasi. Tulisan ini mengulas sejumlah literatur yang terkait dengan relasi sosial, resiliensi komunitas terhadap bencana alam yang mereka hadapi, khususnya gunung berapi. Ulasan juga mencakup bagaimana kebijakan relokasi yang diterapkan bagi komunitas petani korban bencana alam. Kemampuan komunitas untuk bangkit dari keterpurukan akibat bencana alam dan untuk menghadapi tantangan kehidupan yang baru di kawasan relokasi ditentukan oleh kekuatan sumber daya dan kapasitas adaptif yang dimiliki oleh komunitas. Semakin bervariasi sumber daya dan semakin kuat kapasitas adaptif yang dimiliki oleh komunitas maka menentukan sejauh mana resiliensi komunitas itu berlangsung. Relasi sosial dalam bentuknya yang asosiatif semakin mempercepat terjadinya resiliensi komunitas. Relokasi yang diharapkan mampu memperbaiki kehidupan komunitas dengan menjauhkannya dari ancaman bencana yang akan datang, justru di beberapa tempat menimbulkan persoalan. Diperlukan pertimbangan dalam pelaksanaan relokasi seperti lokasi, lingkungan alam dan sosial, dan juga ikatan sosial dalam komunitas. Perlu dirumuskan kebijakan yang efektif dan efisien untuk penanggulangan dampak bencana alam yang meliputi sistem penghidupan dan sistem sosial secara berkelanjutan.
Genome-wide identification of the 14-3-3 gene family and its participation in floral transition by interacting with TFL1/FT in Apple
Authors: Zuo Xiya , Wang Shixiang , Xiang Wen , Yang Huiru , Tahir Muhammad Mobeen , Zheng Shangong , An Na , Han Mingyu , Zhao Caiping , Zhang Dong
Published: December 2020

Background: Apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) is a popular cultivated fruit crop with high economic value in China. Apple floral transition is an important process but liable to be affected by various environmental factors. The 14-3-3 proteins are involved in regulating diverse biological processes in plants, and some 14-3-3 members play vital roles in flowering. However, little information was available about the 14-3-3 members in apple.Results: In the current study, we identified eighteen 14-3-3 gene family members from the apple genome database, designated MdGF14a to MdGF14r. The isoforms possess a conserved core region comprising nine antiparallel α-helices and divergent N and C termini. According to their structural and phylogenetic features, Md14-3-3 proteins could be classified into two major evolutionary branches, the epsilon (ɛ) group and the non-epsilon (non-ɛ) group. Moreover, expression profiles derived from transcriptome data and quantitative real-time reverse transcription PCR analysis showed diverse expression patterns of Md14-3-3 genes in various tissues and in response to different sugars and hormone treatments during the floral transition phase. Four Md14‑3-3 isoforms (MdGF14a, MdGF14d, MdGF14i, and MdGF14j) exhibiting prominent transcriptional responses to sugars and hormones were selected for further investigation. Furthermore, yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence complementation experiments showed that the four Md14-3-3 proteins interact with key floral integrators, MdTFL1 (TERMINAL FLOWER1) and MdFT (FLOWERING LOCUS T). Subcellular localization of four selected Md14-3-3 proteins demonstrated their localization in both the cytoplasm and nucleus.Conclusion: We identified the Md14-3-3s family in apple comprehensively. Certain Md14-3-3 genes are expressed predominantly during the apple floral transition stage, and may participate in the regulation of flowering through association with flower control genes. Our results provide a preliminary framework for further investigation into the roles of Md14-3-3s in floral transition.
Starting dose and dose adjustment of Non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulation agents in a nationwide cohort of patients with atrial fibrillation
Authors: Gozzo Lucia , Lenarda Andrea Di , Mammarella Federica , Olimpieri Pier Paolo , Cirilli Alessia , Cuomo Marcello , Gulizia Michele Massimo , Colivicchi Furio , Murri Giovanni , Kunutsor Setor , Gabrielli Domenico , Trotta Francesco
Published: December 2020

Purpose This study aims to provide real-world data about starting-dose of NOACs and dose- adjustment in patients with AF. In fact, even if new oral anticoagulation agents (NOACs) have a predictable effect without need for regular monitoring, dose-adjustments should be performed according to the summary of product information and international guidelines. Methods We employed the Italian Medicines Agency monitoring registries comprising data on a nationwide cohort of patients with AF treated with NOACs from 2013 to 2018. Logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the determinants of dosage choice. Results During the reference period, treatment was commenced for 866539 patients. Forty-five percent of the first prescriptions were dispensed at a reduced-dose (dabigatran 60.3%, edoxaban 45.2%, apixaban 40.9%, rivaroxaban 37.4%). The prescription of reduced-dose was associated with older age, renal disease, bleeding risk and the concomitant use of drugs predisposing to bleeding, but not with CHA₂DS₂-VASc and HAS-BLED. A relative reduction of the proportion of patients treated with low-dosages was evident overtime for dabigatran and rivaroxaban; whereas prescription of low-dose apixaban and edoxaban increased progressively among elderly patients. Conclusions Evidence based on real-world data shows a high frequency of low-dose prescriptions of NOACs in AF patients. Except for older age, renal disease, bleeding risk and the concomitant use of drugs predisposing to bleeding, other factors that may determine the choice of reduced-dose could not be ascertained. There may be potential under-treatment of AF patients, but further evaluation is warranted.
The impact of stopping and starting indoor residual spraying on malaria burden in 14 districts of Uganda
Authors: Namuganga Jane , Epstein Adrienne , Nankabirwa Joaniter , Mpimbaza Arthur , Kiggundu Moses , Sserwanga Asadu , Kapisi James , Arinaitwe Emmanuel , Gonahasa Samuel , Opigo Jimmy , Ebong Chris , Staedke Sarah , Shililu Josephat , Okia Michael , Rutazaana Damian , Maiteki-Ssebuguzi Catherine , Belay Kassahun , Kamya Moses , Dorsey Grant , Rodriguez-Barraquer Isabel
Published: December 2020

The scale-up of malaria control efforts has led to marked reductions in malaria burden over the past twenty years, but progress has slowed. Implementation of indoor residual spraying (IRS) of insecticide, a proven vector control intervention, has been limited and difficult to sustain partly because questions remain on its added impact over widely accepted interventions such as bed nets. Using data from 14 enhanced surveillance health facilities in Uganda, a country with high bet net coverage yet high malaria burden, we estimate the impact of starting and stopping IRS. We show that stopping IRS resulted in a 5-fold increase in malaria incidence within 10 months, but reinstating IRS led to an over 5-fold decrease within 8 months. In areas where IRS was initiated and sustained, malaria incidence dropped by 85% after year 4. IRS could play a critical role in achieving global malaria targets, particularly in areas where progress has stalled.
Synergizing strong metal-support interactions and spatial confinement boosts dynamics of atomic nickel for hydrogenations
Authors: Gu Jian , Jian Minzhen , Huang Li , Sun Zhihu , Pan Yang , Yang Jiuzhong , Wen Wu , Lin Yue , Wang Hui-Juan , Liu Xinyu , Wang Leilei , Shi Xianxian , Huang Xiaohui , Cao Lina , Chen Si , Zheng Xu-Sheng , Pan Haibin , Zhu Junfa , Wei Shiqiang , Li Wei-Xue , Lu Junling
Published: December 2020

Atomically dispersed metal catalysts maximize atom efficiency and display unique catalytic properties compared to regular metal nanoparticles. However, achieving high reactivity while still preserving high stability at high loadings remains as a grand challenge. Here we solve the challenge by synergizing strong metal-support interactions and spatial confinement, which enable to fabricate highly loaded (3.1 wt%), active and stable atomic Ni and dense atomic Cu grippers (8.1 wt%) on a graphitic C3N4 support. For semi-hydrogenation of acetylene in excess of ethylene, the fabricated catalyst shows 11 times higher activity than the atomic Ni alone, high ethylene selectivity (90%), and high stability against both sintering and coke formation for 350 h. Comprehensive microscopic and spectroscopic characterization and theoretical calculations reveal the active site of the bridging Ni confined in two hydroxylated Cu grippers, whose structure changes dynamically by breaking interfacial Ni-support bonds upon reactant adsorption and making these bonds upon product desorption. Such a dynamic effect confers high activity/selectivity and high stability, providing an avenue to rational design of efficient, stable, highly loaded, yet atomically dispersed catalysts.
Identification of Care Tasks for the Use of Wearable Transfer Support Robots – An Observational Study at Nursing Facilities Using Robots on A Daily Basis
Authors: Kato Kenji , Yoshimi Tatsuya , Tsuchimoto Shohei , Mizuguchi Nobuaki , Aimoto Keita , Itoh Naoki , Kondo Izumi
Published: December 2020

Background: To reduce the physical burden of caregivers, wearable transfer support robots are highly desirable. Although these robots are reportedly effective for specific tasks in experimental environments, there is little information about their effectiveness at nursing care facilities. The aim of this study was to identify care tasks and operations suitable for the use of these robots among caregivers in nursing facilities where these robots have been in use on a daily basis.Methods: A 1-min observational time-motion analysis was conducted to examine care tasks and operations in two nursing facilities where wearable transfer support robots, namely Muscle Suit or HAL®, Lumbar Type for Care Support, have routinely been used on a daily basis for more than 24 months.Results: Analysis of the care tasks and their time ratio while wearing the equipment revealed that both robots were conspicuously used for direct care in over 70% of transits, especially during transfer assistance and toileting care. Furthermore, these robots were used intensively in the morning along with wake-up calls to care recipients, where pre-assigned wearers used them as part of their “routine work.”Conclusions: We found that these wearable transfer support robots enabled effective performance of care tasks and operations in nursing facilities where these robots have been used on a daily basis for an extended period of time. These results may lead to the effective implementation and sustained operation of other types of care robots in the future.Trial registration: UMIN Clinical Trials Registry no. UMIN000039204. Trial registration date: January 21, 2020. Interventional study. Parallel, non-randomized, single blinded.
Serum Biomarker Profile Orchestrating the Seroconversion Status of Patients With Autoimmune Diseases Upon Planned Primary 17DD Yellow Fever Vaccination
Authors: Costa-Rocha Ismael Artur , Machado Ketty , Campi-Azevedo Ana Carolina , Teixeira-Carvalho Andréa , Peruhype-Magalhães Vanessa , Lima Sheila Maria , Miranda Emily , Trindade Gisela , Casagrande Thays , Miyamoto Samira , Deotti Sávio , Rocha Priscila , Serrano Erica , Dinis Valquiria , Gouvêa Sônia , Gavi Maria Bernadete , Silva Lidia , Duque Ruben , Gianordoli Ana Paula , Bissoli Maria de Fatima , Gouvea Maria da Penha , Pinto-Neto Lauro , Burian Ana Paula , Fantinato Francieli , Pileggi Gecilmara , Mota Licia Maria , Valim Valéria , Martins-Filho Olindo
Published: December 2020

The present study aimed to investigate whether the serum biomarkers of immune response orchestrate the seroconversion status in patients with autoimmune diseases (AID) upon planned primary 17DD-YF vaccination. For this purpose a total of 161 individuals were enrolled in a prospective study, including patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA=38), spondyloarthritis (SpA=51), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE=21) and Sjögren’s syndrome (SS=30) along with a group of healthy controls (HC=21). Analysis of PRNT titers, seropositivity rates along with the 17DD-YF viremia and serum biomarker was carried out at distinct time-points (D0/D3-4/D5-6/D7/D14-28). The results demonstrated an overall lower PRNT titers and seropositivity rate (170 vs. 448; 77% vs .95%) in AID as compared to HC, especially in SpA and SLE subgroups. No significant differences were observed in the viremia levels amongst groups. In general, a more prominent serum biomarker response was observed in AID as compared to HC, throughout the timeline kinetics. Remarkably, AID/PRNT(-) exhibited higher levels of several biomarkers at baseline as compared to AID/PRNT+. Moreover, while AID/PRNT(+) exhibited earlier increase in serum biomarkers at D3-4/D5-6, the AID/PRNT(-) displayed higher response at later time-points (D7/D14-D28). Of note, a synchronic increase of IFN-g at the peak of viremia (D5-6) was observed in HC and AID/PRNT(+) groups, whereas a later asynchronous IFN-g response was reported for AID/PRNT(-) at D7. The biomarker profile tends to deflate at post-vaccination timeline, highlighting a putative immunomodulatory effect of live attenuated 17DD-YF vaccine in AID/PRNT(+), but not in AID/PRNT(-). Altogether these data suggested that inflammatory status prior vaccination, low INF-g at viremia peak and the occurrence of asynchronous biomarker storm after 17DD-YF vaccination may orchestrate the lack of antibody response.
Active tobacco smoking is associated with lower risk of acquiring SARS-CoV-2 infection among people living with HIV
Authors: Fernandez-Fuertes Marta , Corma-Gomez Anaïs , Rodriguez-Pineda Elena , Fuentes-Lopez Ana , Rincon Pilar , Serrano-Conde Esther , Real Luis M , Garcia Federico , Macias Juan , Pineda Juan A
Published: December 2020

Importance: Information about risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection and COVID-19 outcome among people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLWH) is limited. Furthermore, the impact of smoking on the risk of developing COVID-19 is unclear and has been a matter of controversy.Objective: To evaluate the relationship between current tobacco smoking and the probability of SARS-CoV-2 infection acquisition among PLWH.Design: Retrospective nested case-control study performed within a cohort of 702 PLWH.Settings: University Hospital in Spain (February-October 2020).Participants: Cases were the 18 patients from this cohort with a confirmed diagnosis of COVID-19. Control group included the remaining 684 PLWH without a diagnosis of COVID-19.Exposure: Active tobacco smoking vs. non-smoking, using self-reported electronic health record data.Outcome and Measure: Development of COVID-19. Diagnosis of COVID-19 was established by the detection of SARS-CoV-2 RNA or antigen by PCR or EIA, respectively, or by the presence of plasma SARS-CoV-2 antibodies by ECLIA.Results: In 11 (61.1%) of the 18 patients, COVID-19 diagnosis was based on PCR, 4 (22.2%) on antigen and 3 (16.7%) on serology determinations. In the control group, 380 (54.1%) individuals were also tested. Regarding clinical spectrum, 2 (11.1%) patients were asymptomatic, 12 (66.6%) had upper-respiratory tract infections and 2 (11.1%) had viral pneumonia and one (5.6%) individual showed extra respiratory symptoms. One (5.6%) patient developed severe pneumonia and died. Three hundred and sixty-nine (52.6%) individuals were active smokers, 2 (11.1%) at the COVID-19 diagnosis and 367 (54.1%) in control group (p=0.001). In the bivariate analysis, only tobacco smoking was associated with a greater risk of COVID-19 [unadjusted OR=9.41 95% Confidence Interval (95% CI, 2.15-41.24); p=0.003]. Multivariate analysis, adjusted by sex, tobacco smoking and Charlson index, showed that tobacco smoking was independently related to a higher probability of SARS-CoV2 infection [aOR=9.42 (95% CI 2.15-41.33), p = 0.003].Conclusion and Relevance: Active tobacco smoking is associated with a lower incidence of SARS-CoV-2 infection in PLWH. The underlying mechanisms by which tobacco smoking may protect against SARS-CoV-2 infection should be further investigated. In the meanwhile, public-facing messages about a protective effect of tobacco smoking on the risk of COVID-19 must be avoided.
Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Activities of Extracts and Compounds From Trifolium Baccarinii With Their Mechanisms of Antibacterial Action
Authors: Feugap Léonel , Kengne Irene , Tamokou Jean-De-Dieu , Ngnokam Claudia , Djamalladine Mahamat , Voutquenne-Nazabadioko Laurence , Ngnokam David
Published: December 2020

The treatment of infectious diseases with antimicrobial agents continues to present problems in modern-day medicine with many studies showing significant increase in the incidence of bacterial resistance to several antibiotics. The screening of plant extracts and natural compounds for antimicrobial activity has demonstrated that higher plants represent a potential source of new anti-infective agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of extracts and compounds from the whole plant Trifolium baccarinii Chiov. with their mechanisms of antibacterial action. Biochanin A (1), formononetin (2), luteolin (3), luteolin-4'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), 4,7,2'-trihydroxy-4'-methoxyisoflavanol (5), sissotrin (6), 1-méthyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), ononin (8), D-mannitol (9) and 3-O-β-D-glucuronopyranosylsoyasapogenol B (10) were isolated from T. baccarinii. The MeOH, EtOAc and n-BuOH extracts as well as compounds 1–6 from T. baccarinii displayed the most antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. The MeOH extract and compound 5 exhibited antibacterial activity through bacteriolytic effect and reduction of the antioxidant defenses in the bacterial cells. Interestingly, none of the tested samples showed cytotoxic activity against normal cells; highlighting their good selectivity toward pathogenic bacteria and yeasts. Hence, they are promising lead candidates with antibacterial potential against methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA).