bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fine-Tuning Rheological Properties of 3D Bioprintable Hybrid Hydrogel by Controlling Component Solid Content
Authors: Habib Md Ahasan , Khoda Bashir , Tuladhar Slesha , Sarah Rokeya
Published: August 2024

The study focuses on the formulation of hybrid hydrogel comprising Alginate, Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC), and TEMPO-oxidized nano-fibrillated cellulose (TO-NFC) for bioprinting precise scaffold for tissue engineering applications. Even though controlling capacity of porosity during scaffold fabrication can positively assist the encapsulated cell growth, the lack of right choice of material type and percentage may make it difficult to 3D bioprint scaffold conforming user defined porosity. To address that challenge, the percentages of Alginate, CMC, and TO-NFC were meticulously controlled to assess their impact on viscosity, a critical parameter governing the printability of the 3D bio-printed scaffold in this paper. By precisely manipulating the ratios of Alginate, CMC, and TO-NFC, we successfully modulated the viscosity of the bioink, facilitating the deposition of intricate 3D structures. Impact of each component was clearly identified. This fine-tuning of rheological properties enhances the accuracy and fidelity of the printed scaffold, ensuring a realistic representation of the desired anatomical features.
Design and Fabrication of a Nozzle-Holding System for a Custom-Made 3D Bioprinter
Authors: Smith Carter , Woods Perrin , Clark Scott , Habib Md Ahasan
Published: August 2024

The emerging field of 3D bioprinting has ignited a demand for affordable and customizable 3D printers capable of utilizing bio-inks across various scales. This study presents a comprehensive framework for a specialized nozzle-holding device tailored for an extrusion-based 3D bioprinter, fine-tuned to meet the exacting demands of tissue engineering. The proposed system integrates a pneumatically driven plunger mechanism with an adaptive nozzle system, ensuring secure containment of bio-ink in a biologically safe container. Stringent measures are implemented to maintain a consistently low heat temperature, preserving the safety and integrity of the bio-ink. Central to this modification is a meticulously designed milled aluminum block, optimizing thermal characteristics while offering a protective barrier. An essential component is the 3D-printed extruder head bracket, produced with precision on a freeform resin printer, effectively mitigating potential heating-related discrepancies. The integration of these meticulously designed components culminates in a modified extrusion-based 3D bioprinter poised to revolutionize tissue engineering methodologies. The adaptive nozzle system ensures precise dispensing, and the choice of materials underscores a commitment to bio-ink integrity and thermal optimization. This study not only advances bioprinting technology but also highlights the pivotal role of innovative engineering in overcoming tissue engineering challenges. The proposed bioprinter design establishes a promising foundation for further research, aiming for more accurate, efficient, and secure bioprinting solutions.
Automated Additive Manufacturing Process for Multilayer Flexible Printed Circuit Board With SMD Components
Authors: Sills Daniel , Zhang Ruoshi , Sherehiy Andriy , Jackson Douglas , Reynolds Henry , Ratnayake Dilan , Caid Cassidy , Popa Dan O.
Published: August 2024

This paper describes an automated process for rapid prototyping of strain sensors based on a multilayer flexible printed circuit board (FPC) with soldered Surface Mounted Devices (SMDs) as a demonstrator of the NeXus systems abilities as a rapid prototyping device. The Nexus system transports parts using a 5-DOF high-precision positioner, and a 4-DOF Selective Compliance Articulated Robot Arm (SCARA) for manipulating SMDs, solder paste deposition, and pick-and-place procedures. Additive manufacturing processes supported by the Nexus include Aerosol Jet for printing fine feature silver conducting lines, direct write inkjet process for printing insulating materials, and Intense Pulse Light (IPL) for curing materials between depositions. Manufacturing the FPC involved the development of multiple processes and designs on the NeXus system. Conversion methods between traditional PCB design software and production ready command scripts were developed including the use of necessary interchange programs, custom file handler scripts, and design methods to translate basic drawings into production ready GCode and other command scripts. We also developed high level architecture designs for realizing control of multiple subsystems, printing heads and robots to facilitate automated manufacturing.

Finally, the automation of sequenced process steps was rigorously tested, as was the characterization of material interactions between processes. This included combining printing techniques for the realization of multilayer conducting-insulating structures and low temperature soldering techniques which required experimental characterization to optimize fabrication procedures for a successful outcome. Multilayer structures with aerosol jet printed 50-micron wide lines, an insulating bridge with thickness around 100-microns, and SMDs soldered to printed silver nano-particle structures, were successfully integrated within our sensors. Integration of the SMDs directly on the flexible substrate, including an operational amplifier, reduces complexity of the accompanying sensor control circuit, and amplifies sensor’s response by 3,800 times. The successful fabrication of this device showcases the rapid prototyping ability of the NeXus System.
Rheological Characterization of Algae Infused Hydrogel Precursors
Authors: Tuladhar Slesha , Khoda A. K. M.
Published: August 2024

Hydrogels, distinguished for their exceptional water-absorption capacity and biocompatibility, stand as pivotal materials in the realms of biomedical and engineering applications. However, the enduring challenge of ensuring the long-term structural stability of hydrogels remains a persistent concern. This issue becomes notably complex when live cells are introduced into hydrogel matrices to create bio ink formulations, giving rise to intricate hydrogel-cell interactions, which pose substantial threats to the integrity, longevity, and functional performance of hydrogels. The investigation of rheological properties, with a particular focus on the intricate variable shear-thinning behavior exhibited by cell-infused hydrogel precursors, assumes critical importance in addressing these multifaceted challenges. In this pursuit, a series of hybrid hydrogel compositions including sodium alginate, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and TEMPO-mediated nano-fibrillated cellulose (TO-NFC) was prepared and to each formulation algal constituents were added. Over an extended period, the rheological behavior of these composite hydrogel precursors was studied. The objective was to better understand the rheological behavior of different formulations as potential candidates to be considered as bio-ink formulations. Furthermore, they were subjected to hemocytometer to keep track of the cell growth. Unexpectedly, the outcomes of this investigation revealed a notable decrease in viscosity of many compositions, a phenomenon that exhibited a marked dependence on the growth of algae integrated into the hydrogel precursor. Similarly, we predict that the composition sodium alginate (4%), CMC (1%) and TO-NFC (1%) will show the best printability under the 3D bio printer. This revelation underscores the imperative need for consideration when introducing supplementary components into hydrogel precursors, as viscosity alterations can exert a profound influence on the performance of these hybrid systems. Similarly, the implications of these novel findings transcend theoretical boundaries and carry immediate practical relevance. Consequently, it makes a significant contribution to the broader understanding of these intricate relationships, facilitating the development of innovative materials characterized by superior properties and performance attributes. The newfound awareness of viscosity modulation within these hybrid systems holds the potential to optimize the design and utilization of hydrogel-based materials especially in the field of 3D bio printing encompassing the domains of biopharming, biomedicine, and tissue-engineering.
The Effect of Electric Pulse and Strain Rate on the Formability of Aluminium 6061: An Experimental Investigation
Authors: Anand Amit , Lingam Rakesh
Published: August 2024

The electrically assisted forming of sheet metal holds a promising avenue in improving formability and green manufacturing. Manufacturers aim to enhance formability and reduce the load required for forming with fewer defects. In most sheet metal forming operations, a biaxial state of stress exists. In addition, it is challenging to align the current flow direction with the loading direction because of the complexity of processes. So, uniaxial testing with electric current is insufficient for the complete mechanical characterization of sheet metal. The current work aims to understand the effect of pulsed electric current in the complex phenomenon of the biaxial state of stress at different strain rates. The formability of Al 6061 in the presence of electric current is investigated using the Erichsen cupping test. The testing setup is fixed on the universal testing machine to control the loading rate precisely, and insulation is provided to prevent the current leakage into the machine. Short duration, high-frequency electric pulses with a peak current of 400 A and having square waveform are applied during the test. A comprehensive study is conducted by varying the punch speed from 10−3 to 20 mm/s. The blank holder force is maintained at 20 kN, and graphite powder is used as a lubricant because of its electrical conductivity. Experimental observation showed that the Erichsen Index (IE) is almost constant regardless of punch velocity when electric current is not applied. However, punch velocity affects the flow stress; the higher the punch speed, the more load is required for the same deformation in the sheet. Interestingly, a peculiar trend emerged when the electric current was applied at lower punch speeds. It is found that the fracture height (representing the IE) diminishes when the strain rate is reduced. When no electric current is used, the fracture starts in the transverse direction (TD) propagates concentric to the punch axis. Meanwhile, applying electric current changed the fracture behavior to a straight line along the rolling direction. Applying the pulsed electric current improved the Erichsen index by 15 to 20 %, and the load was reduced by 12.5 % compared to without electric current.
Additive Manufacturing of Wheat Straw for Sustainable Thermal Insulation Application
Authors: Guo Zipeng , Liang Licheng , Armstrong Jason , Ren Shenqiang , Zhou Chi
Published: August 2024

Thermal insulation materials reduce heat transfer and are typically made from materials like fiberglass, foam, or mineral wool, which are engineered to trap air and hinder heat conduction and convection. The traditional manufacturing processes of thermal insulation materials are often energy-intensive and result in significant greenhouse gas emissions. In the current global drive for sustainability, these energy-intensive manufacturing processes raise environmental concerns and need to be addressed. In this work, with the objective of addressing both material sustainability and manufacturing sustainability, we present an additive manufacturing strategy to fabricate biomass materials for thermal insulation applications. Firstly, we propose to use biomass materials, such as wheat straw, as the primary feedstock materials for manufacturing. Such biomass materials offer the unique capacity to sequester carbon dioxide during their growth, and when incorporated into thermal insulation structures, they effectively capture and store carbon inside the structure. Concurrently, our pursuit of manufacturing process sustainability is driven by using a cost-effective additive manufacturing technology to fabricate durable thermal insulation structures. In the presented work, we first demonstrate the formulation of a 3D-printable ink using chopped straw fibers. We conduct comprehensive rheological characterizations to reveal the shear-thinning properties and the printability of the straw fiber ink. Utilizing the direct ink writing (DIW) process, the straw fiber material is deposited into 3D structures. Following bulk material characterization tests, including microstructure, mechanical, and thermal tests. We unveil the low thermal conductivity and robust mechanical properties. This paper marks the first work of 3D printing of wheat straw fibers for thermal insulation structures. The discoveries in this pilot work demonstrate the potential to leverage additive manufacturing technologies and sustainable biomass materials to create both functional and value-added wheat straw parts tailored for thermal insulation applications.
Enhancing Laser Shock Peening Effect on AA7075 Using a Magnetic Field
Authors: Huang Binghan , Xu Longjie , Wang Kai , Zhang Yu , Tang Chao , Ye Yixuan , Ye Chang
Published: August 2024

As a surface treatment technology to improve the surface properties of metallic materials, laser shock peening (LSP) has been widely researched and applied. LSP process produces the high-temperature and high-pressure plasma. The violent expansion of the plasma generates shock waves applied to the surface of the material. Compared to other surface strengthening methods, LSP has a high strain rate. LSP process can increase the surface hardness of the material, introduce compressive residual stress and improves the mechanical properties of the material. However, the conventional LSP may be limited by the energy conversion efficiency and compressive stress depth, which limits the application of LSP to some extent. Further optimization of the LSP process to achieve better reinforcement effect has become one of the important research directions.

In this study, a new LSP method, magnetic field assisted laser shock peening (MA-LSP), was used for AA7075-T6. In the MA-LSP process, the sample was placed in a constant magnetic field environment to conduct LSP. The effect of peening was improved by the synergy of a magnetic field and LSP. The effects of MA-LSP process on the surface morphology, microstructure, surface hardness and residual stress of AA7075-T6 were investigated and compared with the conventional LSP to explore the influence of magnetic field on the peening effect. The results showed that the surface peening marks of MA-LSPed sample were deeper compared to those of conventional LSP, indicating a greater impact energy received. After MA-LSP, the surface grains of sample were more significantly refined, and the surface hardness of the sample was significantly improved with a deeper hardened layer produced. In addition, the results of the in-depth residual stress test indicated that the surface compressive residual stress of the sample after MA-LSP was increased by 19.46% compared with that of the conventional LSP, and the maximum compressive residual stress occurred at a depth of 100 μm from sample surface, which was an increase of 16.85%. Meanwhile, the compressive residual stress layer of MA-LSPed sample was also deeper.

The improved effect of magnetic field on LSP is mainly attributed to the fact that the magnetic field can effectively constrain the plasma, so that the expansion of the plasma is limited, which can promote the shock wave induced by the plasma expansion is more effective transmission to the interior of the material. Besides, due to the magnetoplastic effect, the magnetic field can effectively promote the dislocation motion, thus LSP is more effective in improving the microstructure and properties of materials. These synergistic effects ultimately increase the strengthening effect of the LSP process, which is expected to further improve the mechanical properties of the material and extend its fatigue life.
Brief Paper: Potential of Alcohol As a Lubricant in Cutting of Aluminum Alloys
Authors: Sugihara Tatsuya , Suzuki Hikaru , Enomoto Toshiyuki
Published: August 2024

The role of cutting fluids in metal cutting processes is fundamental to achieving high performance machining. However, the use of conventional cutting fluids necessitates post-machining cleaning, typically involving hazardous organic solvents, which pose significant risks to both human health and the environment. Our recent findings have highlighted the potential of alcohol as a viable alternative in the cutting of aluminum alloys. When alcohol is introduced at the cutting point during aluminum alloy machining, it undergoes a reaction with the freshly exposed aluminum surface, resulting in the formation of an “alkoxide” reaction product. This alkoxide exhibits exceptional lubricating properties, effectively reducing cutting force and improving the surface finish quality. Given the high volatility of alcohol, its application as a lubricant in aluminum alloy cutting could eliminate the necessity for post-machining cleaning processes. In this study, two-dimensional cutting experiments were conducted on an AL7075 alloy using isopropyl alcohol (IPA) to assess the potential of alcohol as a lubricant in aluminum alloy cutting. The results from the cutting experiments presented the evidence that the supply of IPA effectively reduced cutting force by approximately 50%, surpassing the performance of conventional oil-based cutting fluids in certain cutting conditions. Employing high-speed in-situ imaging and particle image velocimetry (PIV) provided critical insights, revealing that dry machining without any use of lubricants in cutting of AL7075 led to the cyclic formation and removal of a built-up edge due to severe friction between the tool-chips interface. In contrast, the supply of IPA facilitated the chip flow along the tool rake face, resulting in the formation of a continuous, laminar-type chip flow. These findings clearly illustrate the significant enhancement in the tool-chip lubrication condition enabled by the application of IPA. Moreover, the effects induced by IPA supply were not observed in the cutting of Cu, indicating that the improvement in cutting performance due to IPA is not caused by the lubricating effect of IPA itself, but rather by the formation of alkoxide. Additionally, the cutting experiments with different types of alcohols were also performed to investigate the relationship between their physical properties and their impact on cutting performance. The results indicated that alcohols with lower viscosity and a higher ability to penetrate the tool-chip interface exhibited superior cutting performance. These results unequivocally support the assertion that alcohols possess substantial potential as effective lubricants for achieving high-performance cutting in aluminum alloys. This breakthrough could significantly mitigate the environmental and health hazards associated with conventional cutting fluids, offering a promising, sustainable alternative in metal machining practices.
Ultrathin ZrO2 thickness control on TiO2/ZrO2 core/shell nanoparticles using ZrO2 atomic layer deposition and etching
Authors: Sempel Janine D. , Kaariainen Marja-Leena , Colleran Troy A. , Lifschitz Alejo M. , George Steven M.
Published: August 2024

Atomic layer deposition (ALD) and atomic layer etching (ALE) techniques were used to control the ZrO2 shell thickness on TiO2/ZrO2 core/shell nanoparticles. ALD and ALE were performed at 200 °C while the nanoparticles were agitated using a rotary reactor. To increase the ZrO2 shell thickness, ZrO2 ALD films were deposited using sequential exposures of tetrakis(dimethylamino) zirconium and H2O. Ex situ analysis using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observed the growth of the ZrO2 shells. The ZrO2 ALD led to more spherical ZrO2 shells on the crystalline and irregular TiO2 cores. The ZrO2 ALD on the nanoparticles had a growth rate of 0.9 ± 0.1 Å/cycle. Tunable ZrO2 coatings were observed with thicknesses ranging from 5.9 to 27.1 nm after 240 ZrO2 ALD cycles. To demonstrate the decrease in the ZrO2 shell thickness, the ZrO2 film was then etched using sequential hydrogen fluoride (HF) and TiCl4 exposures. Quadrupole mass spectrometry experiments performed in a separate reactor identified the volatile products during ZrO2 ALE. H2O was monitored during HF exposures, and ZrCl4 etch products and TiFxCly ligand-exchange products were observed during TiCl4 exposures. Ex situ TEM studies revealed that the ZrO2 shells remained spherical during ZrO2 ALE. The ZrO2 ALE on the nanoparticles had an etch rate of 6.5 ± 0.2 Å/cycle. Tunable ZrO2 coatings were produced from 27.1 down to 7.6 nm using 30 ZrO2 ALE cycles. This study demonstrated that ZrO2 ALD and ZrO2 ALE can control the thickness of ZrO2 shells on TiO2/ZrO2 core/shell nanoparticles without inducing nanoparticle agglomeration.
A molecular analysis of meropenem–vaborbactam non-susceptible KPC-producing
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Yasmin Mohamad , Marshall Steven H. , Chen Liang , Rhoads Daniel D. , Jacobs Michael R. , Rojas Laura J. , Perez Federico , Hujer Andrea M. , Hujer Kristine M. , van Duin David , Fowler Vance , Chambers Henry F. , Kreiswirth Barry N. , Bonomo Robert A. ,   for the Antibacterial Resistance Leadership Group
Published: August 2024

We characterized the molecular determinants of meropenem–vaborbactam (MV) non-susceptibility among non-metallo-β-lactamase-producing KPC-
Klebsiella pneumoniae
(KPC-
KP
). Whole-genome sequencing was performed to identify mutations associated with MV non-susceptibility. Isolates with elevated MV MICs were found to have mutations encoding truncated or altered OmpK36 porins and increased
bla
KPC
copy numbers. KPC-
KP
isolates with decreased susceptibility to MV were detected among a collection of isolates predating the availability of MV.
Viral and cellular determinants of polarized trafficking of viral envelope proteins from insect-specific and insect-vectored viruses in insect midgut and salivary gland cells
Authors: Hodgson Jeffrey J. , Chen Robin Y. , Blissard Gary W. , Buchon Nicolas
Published: August 2024

Systemic viral infection of insects typically begins with the primary infection of midgut epithelial cells (enterocytes) and subsequent transit of the progeny virus in an apical-to-basal orientation into the hemocoel. For insect-vectored viruses, an oppositely oriented process (basal-to-apical transit) occurs upon secondary infection of salivary glands and is necessary for virus transmission to non-insect hosts. To examine this inversely oriented virus transit in these polarized tissues, we assessed the intracellular trafficking of two model viral envelope proteins (baculovirus GP64 and vesicular stomatitis virus G) in the midgut and salivary gland cells of the model insect,
Drosophila melanogaster
. Using fly lines that inducibly express either GP64 or VSV G, we found that each protein, expressed alone, was trafficked basally in midgut enterocytes. In salivary gland cells, VSV G was trafficked apically in most but not all cells, whereas GP64 was consistently trafficked basally. We demonstrated that a YxxØ motif present in both proteins was critical for basal trafficking in midgut enterocytes but dispensable for trafficking in salivary gland cells. Using RNAi, we found that clathrin adaptor protein complexes AP-1 and AP-3, as well as seven Rab GTPases, were involved in polarized VSV G trafficking in midgut enterocytes. Our results indicate that these viral envelope proteins encode the requisite information and require no other viral factors for appropriately polarized trafficking. In addition, they exploit tissue-specific differences in protein trafficking pathways to facilitate virus egress in the appropriate orientation for establishing systemic infections and vectoring infection to other hosts.

IMPORTANCE

Viruses that use insects as hosts must navigate specific routes through different insect tissues to complete their life cycles. The routes may differ substantially depending on the life cycle of the virus. Both insect pathogenic viruses and insect-vectored viruses must navigate through the polarized cells of the midgut epithelium to establish a systemic infection. In addition, insect-vectored viruses must also navigate through the polarized salivary gland epithelium for transmission. Thus, insect-vectored viruses appear to traffic in opposite directions in these two tissues. In this study, we asked whether two viral envelope proteins (VSV G and baculovirus GP64) alone encode the signals necessary for the polarized trafficking associated with their respective life cycles. Using
Drosophila
as a model to examine tissue-specific polarized trafficking of these viral envelope proteins, we identified one of the virus-encoded signals and several host proteins associated with regulating the polarized trafficking in the midgut epithelium.
mSphere of Influence: The power of polymicrobial partnerships in chronic infection research
Authors: VanDrisse Chelsey M.
Published: August 2024

Chelsey VanDrisse works in the field of microbial physiology, studying how acylation of small molecules and proteins affects the development of
Pseudomonas
biofilms. In this mSphere of Influence article, she reflects on the paper “Community composition shapes microbial-specific phenotypes in a cystic fibrosis polymicrobial model system” by Jean-Pierre et al. This paper prompted her to reassess her approach to studying antibiotic tolerance and her design of experiments that search for disease-relevant mutants and phenotypes in the laboratory.
RESIST ACINETO test for the rapid detection of NDM and OXA acquired carbapenemases directly from blood culture in
Acinetobacter
species
Authors: Potron Anaïs , Daniel Marion , Bay Mila , Choulet Pauline , Garrigos Thomas , Sababadichetty Loïk , Belmonte Olivier , Fournier Damien , Jeannot Katy , Miltgen Guillaume
Published: August 2024

Carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAB) are increasingly reported worldwide and a leading cause of mortality associated with antimicrobial resistance. Their early detection, particularly in the cases of bloodstream infections, is crucial in attempting to initiate effective antibiotic treatment. The immunochromatographic assay RESIST ACINETO (Coris BioConcept) is a new test developed for the detection of OXA-23, OXA-40/58, and New-Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemases in
Acinetobacter
spp. We evaluated this test on a collection of 121
Acinetobacter
spp. clinical isolates, including 104 carbapenemase producers (97 carbapenemases targeted by the test) and 17 non-carbapenemase producers. The performance of the RESIST ACINETO test was evaluated according to the manufacturer’s recommendations from bacterial and blood cultures. The strains producing the carbapenemases OXA-23, -40, -58, or/and NDM were accurately detected from bacterial cultures and directly from blood cultures, with the exception of one OXA-23/NDM-1-positive
Acinetobacter radioresistens
isolate (only detected through standard culture). None of the non-carbapenemase producers tested positive. The RESIST ACINETO test demonstrated sensitivity/specificity of 100%/100% and 99%/100% on bacterial and blood cultures, respectively.

IMPORTANCE

The incidence of bloodstream infections with carbapenem-resistant
Acinetobacter baumannii
(CRAB) could be very high in some countries such as the Balkans or Southeast Asia. In case of positive blood cultures with Gram-negative bacteria, the use of the RESIST ACINETO test could prove highly beneficial for the rapid identification of these imipenem-resistant bacteria and their antibiotic resistance mechanisms. In addition, it is now well established that New-Delhi Metallo-beta-lactamase (NDM) carbapenemase-producing isolates can have increased MICs of cefiderocol, which is an alternative treatment for these infections. This test may also allow the optimization of treatment based on the type of carbapenemase present. Finally, the RESIST ACINETO test is a rapid, easy-to-use, and cost-effective assay that demonstrates excellent performance in detecting the major acquired carbapenemases present in the
Acinetobacter species
.
Synthesis, characterization, volatility, and thermal stability of fluorinated copper(II) aminoalkoxide complexes as potential vapour deposition precursors
Authors: Hoffman Nicholas A. , Emslie David J.H.
Published: August 2024

The sodium aminoalkoxides Na[OCR(CF3)CH2NMeR′] {R = H, R′ = Me (1a); R = R′ = Me (1b); R = CF3, R′ = Me (1c); R = Me, R′ = Et (1d); R = CF3, R′ = Et (1e)} were synthesized by reaction of the corresponding fluorinated epoxide {OCH2CR(CF3); R = H (A), Me (B), CF3 (C)} with a secondary amine (HNMe2 or HNMeEt), followed by deprotonation with sodium hydride. Compounds 1a–e were isolated as white powders and characterized by combustion elemental analysis and NMR spectroscopy. Epoxides A and C are commercially available, while epoxide B was prepared by in situ deprotonation and alkylation of A. Reactions of 1a–e with copper(II) chloride in THF afforded [Cu{OCR(CF3)CH2NMeR′}2] {R = H, R′ = Me (2a); R = R′ = Me (2b); R = CF3, R′ = Me (2c); R = Me, R′ = Et (2d); R = CF3, R′ = Et (2e)}; compounds 2b and 2c have previously been reported but not structurally characterized, while 2a, 2d, and 2e are new to this report. All copper(II) compounds were characterized by combustion elemental analysis and single crystal X-ray crystallography. The physical properties of 2a–e were also evaluated using thermogravimetric analysis, melting point, and sublimation (at 5 mTorr) data, with comparison to previously reported non-fluorinated [Cu{OCHMeCH2NMe2}2] (III; [Cu(dmap)2]).
Optimize the event selection strategy to study the anomalous quartic gauge couplings at muon colliders using the support vector machine and quantum support vector machine
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Guo Yu-Chen , Yang Ji-Chong
Published: August 2024

The search of the new physics (NP) beyond the Standard Model is one of the most important topics in current high energy physics. With the increasing luminosities at the colliders, the search for NP signals requires the analysis of more and more data, and the efficiency in data processing becomes particularly important. As a machine learning algorithm, support vector machine (SVM) is expected to to be useful in the search of NP. Meanwhile, the quantum computing has the potential to offer huge advantages when dealing with large amounts of data, which suggests that quantum SVM (QSVM) is a potential tool in future phenomenological studies of the NP. How to use SVM and QSVM to optimize event selection strategies to search for NP signals are studied in this paper. Taking the tri-photon process at a muon collider as an example, it can be shown that the event selection strategies optimized by the SVM and QSVM are effective in the search of the dimension-8 operators contributing to the anomalous quartic gauge couplings.
Artificial Intelligence and Blockchain Technology Drive Leadership Decision-Making Research Group Recommendation Algorithm
Authors: Chen Chao , Liu Yandong , Wang Xin , Xia Yongsheng
Published: August 2024

Artificial intelligence and blockchain can improve the effectiveness of leadership decision-making in two dimensions. Artificial intelligence technology can improve the scientificity of leadership decision-making, and blockchain technology can guarantee the democracy of leadership decision-making. Society pushes everyone to be gregarious. Group recommendation is thus one of the research focuses in recent years. Prior group recommendation algorithms fail to consider either the influence of group structure on computing scale or the impressions users of higher weights leave on other group members. To address the aforementioned challenges, this paper proposes a group recommendation model based on members’ influence and leader impact. In this paper, a model has been proposed to compute members’ influence on each other based on interactions and presence. The decisions of leaders identified by the proposed model are the basis for further group recommendation, which yields satisfactory recommendations for most group members as leaders’ judgments are more professional. Experimental results on real-world datasets demonstrate better accuracy of the proposed method compared to those of the mainstream group recommendation algorithms.
Advancing the Search Frontier with AI Agents
Authors: White Ryen W.
Published: August 2024

Dek :

AI agents are extending the capabilities of traditional search engines to help users tackle complex tasks.
Cost‐Efficient Network Design in Multichannel WSNs With Power Control: A Grey Wolf Optimization Approach to Routing and Clustering
Authors: Shahryari Mohammad-Salar , Farzinvash Leili , Feizi-Derakhshi Mohammad-Reza
Published: August 2024

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) require optimized energy consumption and an improved packet delivery ratio (PDR) for optimal performance. Clustering and routing strategies are frequently used to reduce energy usage, while multiradio (MR) multichannel (MC) systems improve PDR levels. Transmission power control (TPC) features in both energy consumption reduction and PDR improvement. While the mentioned techniques are used in previous studies, they were investigated separately and without a holistic approach. This study discusses the challenge of obtaining high‐PDR, energy‐efficient, and cost‐effective clustering and routing in WSNs. As a means of reducing deployment costs, a heterogeneous setting with energy‐constraint normal sensors for environmental monitoring as well as some high‐energy, TPC‐enabled, MR super nodes is assumed. The super nodes are considered as CHs and are responsible for collecting the sensed data from the normal sensors. Installing additional radios on super nodes enables static channel assignment (CA), which yields high PDR with low imposed overhead on the network. The mentioned TPC‐based MC heterogeneous setting, which yields cost‐effectiveness, high PDR, and energy efficiency, was not investigated in previous studies. The considered problem is decoupled into two phases of configuring the super nodes and normal sensors, which are solved using the grey wolf optimization (GWO) algorithm. The performed simulations show an average improvement of our proposed algorithm in PDR, energy consumption, consumed energy per delivered bit, and network lifetime by 9%, 30%, 65%, and 44%, respectively.
Advancing Finite Difference Solutions for Two‐Dimensional Incompressible Navier–Stokes Equations Using Artificial Compressibility Method and Sparse Matrix Computation
Authors: Tsega Endalew Getnet
Published: August 2024

In this article, a numerical scheme for solving two‐dimensional (2D) time‐dependent incompressible Navier–Stokes equations is presented. The artificial compressibility technique is used to incorporate a time derivative of pressure term to the continuity equation. It is employed for pressure–velocity coupling. The scheme consists of backward difference approximation for time derivatives and central difference approximation for spatial derivatives, implemented on a collocated grid. The discretization of the differential equations yields a system of algebraic equations with a block coefficient matrix. To solve this system efficiently, matrix inversion with sparse matrix computation is employed. The proposed numerical scheme is applied to solve three flow problems (lid‐driven cavity flow, rectangular channel flow, and Taylor–Green vortex problem) to validate the accuracy and applicability of the scheme. The results affirm the scheme’s capability to provide precise approximations for solutions to the Navier–Stokes equations. With slight modifications, the scheme can be applied to solve various flow problems with high accuracy, less memory usage, and reduced computational time.
Contraception Crisis in Somalia: Unveiling the Shocking Reality of a Nation Left Behind
Authors: Khalif Ibrahim Yasin , Alam Md Badsha , Khan Md Mostaured Ali , Khanam Shimlin Jahan , Khan Md Nuruzzaman
Published: August 2024

Background. Despite global efforts to promote contraceptive use and ensure reproductive health, Somalia continues to face significant challenges in this regard. This study aims to explore the prevalence of contraceptive use in Somalia and identify the determinants influencing its use. Methods. A total of 8,162 reproductive‐aged women’s data were analyzed extracted from 2020 Somali Health and Demographic Survey. The outcome variable was contraception use, classified as any contraception use (yes vs. no), any modern contraception use (yes vs. no), and any traditional contraception use (yes vs. no). The explanatory variables were factors at the individual, household, and community level. The multivariate binary logistic regression model was used to explore associations of outcome variables with explanatory variables. Results. The findings revealed low prevalence of contraceptive use among Somalia women, with only 7% reporting its use. Among them, less than 1% utilized modern contraceptive methods. Several determinants of contraception use were identified, including younger age, higher educational attainment (primary and secondary education), higher parity, exposure to family planning messages through mass media, urban place of residence, and residing in the northwest and northeast regions of Somalia. Conclusion. The results underscore the urgent need for substantial efforts to improve contraceptive use in Somalia. Strengthening healthcare facilities to provide comprehensive sexual and reproductive health services, with a particular focus on promoting contraception uptake, is crucial. Public awareness campaigns and educational programs should also be prioritized to enhance knowledge and understanding of contraception among Somali women.
Cross‐Correlation between Biosecurity Measures and the Detection of Viral and Bacterial Agents on German Farms with Respiratory Disease
Authors: Stadler Julia , Lillie-Jaschniski Kathrin , Zwickl Sophia , Zoels Susanne , Theuns Sebastiaan , Ritzmann Mathias , Vereecke Nick
Published: August 2024

Effective porcine health management relies majorly on diagnostic tests, vaccination, treatment strategies, and a proper biosecurity management plan. However, understanding the link between circulating microbes and biosecurity measures on a pig farm is not evident. Substantial progress has been made in recent years with the availability of new diagnostic tools (e.g., sequencing‐based diagnostics) and extensive biosecurity management questionnaires. However, the interpretation and correlation of these results are hampered by the abundance of gained (meta)data. Therefore, we aimed to cross‐correlate viral and bacterial pathogens with respiratory tropism detected by third‐generation nanopore metagenomic sequencing with biosecurity measures assessed by Biocheck.UGent™. The study was conducted on 25 sow farms with attached nurseries in Germany with known respiratory distress. The biosecurity level of the study farms complied with the European averages. Interestingly, the farms with the highest biosecurity score showed the lowest overall prevalence of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) and Actinobacillus sp.; the circulation of well‐studied pathogenic viruses, such as PRRSV, was correlated with overall lower biosecurity scores, a higher number of stillborn piglets, and cocirculation of porcine parvovirus type 7. Moreover, potential risk factors for lesser‐known agents (e.g., porcine hemagglutinating and encephalomyelitis virus, porcine respiratory coronavirus, and porcine polyomavirus) could also be addressed. For the bacterial pathogen Glaesserella sp., a correlation with increased clinical signs was observed, whereas Lactobacillus sp. and Moraxella sp. are putative biomarkers for pig farms with better biosecurity scores. In conclusion, in‐depth cross‐correlation of (meta)data from new diagnostic platforms with biosecurity measures on pig farms may contribute to a better understanding of new actions in adapting biosecurity measures. This will not only contribute to improved animal welfare and economic productivity but also helping to address (new) zoonotic disease threats and potential treatments.
Numerical Investigation on J‐Shaped Straight‐Bladed Darrieus Vertical Axis Wind Turbines Equipped with Gurney Flaps
Authors: Kord Kiarash , Bazargan Majid
Published: August 2024

This study provides a numerical investigation about J‐shaped straight‐bladed Darrieus vertical axis wind turbines equipped with outboard, inboard, and two‐sided Gurney flap (GF). The performance of the turbines is examined for different GF heights and tip speed ratios (TSRs). The aerodynamic analysis is carried out using power curves, vorticity field, and pressure field surrounding the wind turbine. The results indicate that employing the inboard GF effectively enhances the turbine’s performance by harnessing the drag force in the desired direction and postponing the flow separation up to 14° of azimuth angle. The inboard GF with a height of 0.75% chord length exhibits the best performance among the GFs, showing an increase in output power at higher TSRs up to 12.35%. Conversely, the use of outboard and two‐sided GFs of any height cannot improve the turbine efficiency.
Supplementary Table S7 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

RNA-sequencing pseudo counts generated via Salmon algorithm
Supplementary Table S6 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

TCR clonal analysis via immunoSEQ ANALYZER software and The Immune Epitope Database (IEDB) TCRMatch results
Supplementary Table S5 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

immunoSEQ resolved TCR sequences for each subject PBMCs pre- and post-NeoVax
Supplementary Figure S6 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

Immunohistologic images
Supplementary Table S4 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

Peptide sequences included in each subject's personalized NeoVax peptide vaccine
Supplementary Figure S9 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

Bar graph displaying number of validated variants for each subject
Supplementary Table S3 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

pVAC-Seq predicted neoantigens for each subject and each tumor region from whole exome sequencing data
Supplementary Table S2 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

Mutect2 called and validated variants for each subject and each tumor region from whole exome sequencing data
Supplementary Table S9 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

Immunohistochemistry (IHC) quantification of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells from tumor blocks
Supplementary Table S10 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

Differential expression analysis of nCounter CAR-T characterization panel gene expression analyzed via ROSALIND software
Supplementary Table S1 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

Representativeness of study participants
Supplementary Table S8 from Integrating Multisector Molecular Characterization into Personalized Peptide Vaccine Design for Patients with Newly Diagnosed Glioblastoma
Authors: Johanns Tanner M. , Garfinkle Elizabeth A.R. , Miller Katherine E. , Livingstone Alexandra J. , Roberts Kaleigh F. , Rao Venkata Lakshmi P. , Dowling Joshua L. , Chicoine Michael R. , Dacey Ralph G. , Zipfel Gregory J. , Kim Albert H. , Mardis Elaine R. , Dunn Gavin P.
Published: August 2024

CIBERSORTx relative percents of deconvoluted immunocytes
The Infiltrative Margins in Glioblastoma: Important Is What Has Been Left behind
Authors: Karschnia Philipp , Tonn Joerg-Christian , Cahill Daniel P.
Published: August 2024

Supramaximal resection beyond the contrast-enhancing tumor borders represents an emerging surgical strategy for patients with newly diagnosed glioblastoma. A recent study provides evidence detailing the interactive effects of more aggressive surgery on other clinical predictors of outcome, supporting guidance for surgical decision-making and informing clinical trialists about the need to stratify for extent of resection.

See related article by Park et al., p. 4866