bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multimodal physical exercise and functional rehabilitation program in oncological patients with asthenia. study protocol
Authors: Fernández-Rodríguez Eduardo José , González-Sánchez Jesús , Puente-González Ana Silvia , Recio-Rodríguez José Ignacio , Sánchez-Gómez Celia , Méndez-Sánchez Roberto , Cruz-Hernández Juan Jesús , Rihuete-Galve María Isabel
Published: October 2021

Background

The increase in the survival of oncology patients include multiple side effects as cancer-related asthenia and dyspnea, which represents a serious health problem. An implementation of the conventional clinical practice, developed through multimodal physical exercise and functional rehabilitation program intervention, may be useful in controlling dyspnoea. This study aims to evaluate the effects of a multimodal exercise and functional rehabilitation program on fatigue, pain, functional capacity, and quality of life in cancer patients with cancer-related asthenia.

Methods

This is a protocol for an experimental, prospective, randomised study using a parallel, fixed assignment scheme, with an experimental group and a control group in patients from the oncology hospitalisation unit at the Salamanca University Hospital Complex in Spain, using consecutive sampling to select 50 participants with oncological asthenia who are hospitalised at the time of inclusion. After the baseline evaluation, the participants will be randomised into two groups. Both groups will receive standard clinical practice care and the normal health education program at discharge, but in addition, the participants assigned to the experimental group will also complete a multimodal exercise and functional rehabilitation program lasting one month. The primary outcomes will be basic activities of daily living (Barthel Index) and degree of asthenia (FACT-An scale). Additionally, physical performance will be evaluated with the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), as will the attention and executive functions (Trail-Making Test), fear/avoidance of movement (TAMPA scale), pain (VAS scale), and body composition (waist, hip, brachial, thigh, wrist, and ankle circumferences).

Discussion

The results of this study may be translated to clinical practice, incorporating a specific autonomy recovery programme into comprehensive rehabilitation programmes of care for cancer patients with asthenia. The current study addresses to improve the conventional clinical practice by proposing a multimodal physical exercise and functional rehabilitation program intervention, which will be implemented by an interdisciplinary team, to try to improve the autonomy of cancer patients with cancer-related asthenia.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov; ID: NCT04761289. (February 18, 2021). https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/ NCT04761289.
Characterisation and preliminary functional analysis of N-acetyltransferase 13 from Schistosoma japonicum
Authors: Tang Yalan , Zhou Kerou , Guo Qingqing , Chen Cheng , Jia Jing , Guo Qinghong , Lu Ke , Li Hao , Fu Zhiqiang , Liu Jinming , Lin Jiaojiao , Yu Xingang , Hong Yang
Published: October 2021

Background

N-acetyltransferase 13 (NAT13) is a probable catalytic component of the ARD1A-NARG1 complex possessing alpha (N-terminal) acetyltransferase activity.

Results

In this study, a full-length complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding Schistosoma japonicum NAT13 (SjNAT13) was isolated from schistosome cDNAs. The 621 bp open reading frame of SjNAT13 encodes a polypeptide of 206 amino acids. Real-time PCR analysis revealed SjNAT13 expression in all tested developmental stages. Transcript levels were highest in cercariae and 21-day-old worms, and higher in male adult worms than female adult worms. The rSjNAT13 protein induced high levels of anti-rSjNAT13 IgG antibodies. In two independent immunoprotection trials, rSjNAT13 induced 24.23% and 24.47% reductions in the numbers of eggs in liver. RNA interference (RNAi) results showed that small interfering RNA (siRNA) Sj-514 significantly reduced SjNAT13 transcript levels in worms and decreased egg production in vitro.

Conclusions

Thus, rSjNAT13 might play an important role in the development and reproduction of schistosomes.
Novel quantification of the regional strain distribution in the anterior cruciate ligament in response to simulated loading using micro-CT imaging
Authors: Blokker Alexandra M. , Wood Ryan , Milner Jaques C. , Holdsworth David W. , Burkhart Timothy A. , Getgood Alan
Published: October 2021

Purpose

A large percentage of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) surgical reconstructions experience sub-optimal outcomes within 2 years. A potential factor contributing to poor outcomes is an incomplete understanding of micro-level, regional ACL biomechanics. This research aimed to demonstrate a minimally invasive method that uses micro-CT imaging to quantify regional ACL strains under clinically relevant joint loading.

Methods

A pattern of 0.8 mm diameter zirconium dioxide beads were arthroscopically inserted into four regions of the ACL of four cadaveric knee specimens (mean [SD] age = 59 [9] years). A custom micro-CT compatible joint motion simulator then applied clinically relevant joint loading conditions, while an image was acquired at each condition. From the resulting images, strains within each region were calculated using the centroid coordinates of each tissue-embedded bead. Strain repeatability was assessed using the mean intra-specimen standard deviation across repeated load applications. A one-way repeated measures ANOVA (α = 0.05) was used to determine regional strain variations.

Results

The mean intra-specimen standard deviation across repeated load application was ±0.003 strain for all specimens. No statistically significant differences were found between tissue regions, although medium and large effect sizes (0.095–0.450) suggest that these differences may be clinically relevant.

Conclusions

The method presented here demonstrates a minimally invasive measurement of regional ACL strain under clinically relevant joint loads using micro-CT imaging. The strain measurements demonstrated excellent reliability across the five repeated load applications and suggest a non-homogenous distribution of strain through the ACL.
Mutations in adaptively evolved Escherichia coli LGE2 facilitated the cost-effective upgrading of undetoxified bio-oil to bioethanol fuel
Authors: Chang Dongdong , Wang Cong , Ndayisenga Fabrice , Yu Zhisheng
Published: October 2021

Levoglucosan is a promising sugar present in the lignocellulose pyrolysis bio-oil, which is a renewable and environment-friendly source for various value-added productions. Although many microbial catalysts have been engineered to produce biofuels and chemicals from levoglucosan, the demerits that these biocatalysts can only utilize pure levoglucosan while inhibited by the inhibitors co-existing with levoglucosan in the bio-oil have greatly limited the industrial-scale application of these biocatalysts in lignocellulose biorefinery. In this study, the previously engineered Escherichia coli LGE2 was evolved for enhanced inhibitor tolerance using long-term adaptive evolution under the stress of multiple inhibitors and finally, a stable mutant E. coli-H was obtained after ~ 374 generations’ evolution. In the bio-oil media with an extremely acidic pH of 3.1, E. coli-H with high inhibitor tolerance exhibited remarkable levoglucosan consumption and ethanol production abilities comparable to the control, while the growth of the non-evolved strain was completely blocked even when the pH was adjusted to 7.0. Finally, 8.4 g/L ethanol was achieved by E. coli-H in the undetoxified bio-oil media with ~ 2.0% (w/v) levoglucosan, reaching 82% of the theoretical yield. Whole-genome re-sequencing to monitor the acquisition of mutations identified 4 new mutations within the globally regulatory genes rssB, yqhA, and basR, and the − 10 box of the putative promoter of yqhD-dgkA operon. Especially, yqhA was the first time to be revealed as a gene responsible for inhibitor tolerance. The mutations were all responsible for improved fitness, while basR mutation greatly contributed to the fitness improvement of E. coli-H. This study, for the first time, generated an inhibitor-tolerant levoglucosan-utilizing strain that could produce cost-effective bioethanol from the toxic bio-oil without detoxification process, and provided important experimental evidence and valuable genetic/proteinic information for the development of other robust microbial platforms involved in lignocellulose biorefining processes.
From induction to secretion: a complicated route for cellulase production in Trichoderma reesei
Authors: Yan Su , Xu Yan , Yu Xiao-Wei
Published: October 2021

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma reesei has been widely used for cellulase production that has extensive applications in green and sustainable development. Increasing costs and depletion of fossil fuels provoke the demand for hyper-cellulase production in this cellulolytic fungus. To better manipulate T. reesei for enhanced cellulase production and to lower the cost for large-scale fermentation, it is wise to have a comprehensive understanding of the crucial factors and complicated biological network of cellulase production that could provide new perspectives for further exploration and modification. In this review, we summarize recent progress and give an overview of the cellular process of cellulase production in T. reesei, including the carbon source-dependent cellulase induction, complicated transcriptional regulation network, and efficient protein assembly and trafficking. Among that, the key factors involved in cellulase production were emphasized, shedding light on potential perspectives for further engineering.
Parent-reported feeding characteristics in children with ASD vs. children who are typically developing
Authors: Mahmoud Nesreen Fathi , Abdelhameed Rehab Safwat , Abdelmonam Sherif A. , Abdelmonem Ahmed Ali , Khalil Doaa Mahmoud , Bakia Shimaa Ahmed Saleh
Published: October 2021

Background

Parents of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) often report that their children have multiple dietary behavior problems than parents of typically developing (TD) children do. This may affect proper nutrition and subsequently adequate growth and development in children with ASD. The current study aimed to assess the feeding behavior in recently diagnosed children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) ranged in age from 2 to 4 years and compare it with typically developing (TD) children and to explore the relationship between feeding behaviors and autism severity using the Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH) and Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), respectively. Parents of 35 preschool children (2–4 years) with ASD completed reports of physical measurements, feeding interview, Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), and Montreal Children’s Hospital Feeding Scale (MCH Feeding-Scale). The collected data from parents of children with ASD were analyzed and compared with 70 typically developed children matched with age and sex.

Results

ASD children showed statistically significantly more problematic feeding behaviors in most of the assessed eating characters compared with TD children, e.g., food neophobia, eating non-food items instead of food, requiring assistance during eating, and feeding avoidance to particular textures and taste. The mean total score of the MCH feeding scale differed significantly between children with ASD and TD children. No correlation was found between the mean total score of the MCH feeding scale and CARS scores.

Conclusion

Our findings revealed a high rate of behavioral feeding problems in children with ASD. Future work will be needed to follow up the feeding behaviors and to develop practical feeding approaches for ASD children to maintain nutritional adequacy.
The genome sequence of the St Mark’s fly, Bibio marci (Linnaeus, 1758)
Authors: Sivell Olga , Sivell Duncan ,   Natural History Museum Genome Acquisition Lab,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual male Bibio marci (the St Mark’s fly; Arthropoda; Insecta; Diptera; Bibionidae). The genome sequence is 340 megabases in span. The complete assembly is scaffolded into six chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the X sex chromosome assembled.
The genome sequence of the clouded yellow, Colias crocea (Geoffroy, 1785)
Authors: Ebdon Sam , Mackintosh Alex , Hayward Alex , Wotton Karl ,   Darwin Tree of Life Barcoding collective,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Tree of Life programme,   Wellcome Sanger Institute Scientific Operations: DNA Pipelines collective,   Tree of Life Core Informatics collective,   Darwin Tree of Life Consortium
Published: October 2021

We present a genome assembly from an individual female Colias crocea (also known as Colias croceus; the clouded yellow; Arthropoda; Insecta; Lepidoptera; Pieridae). The genome sequence is 325 megabases in span. The complete assembly is scaffolded into 32 chromosomal pseudomolecules, with the W and Z sex chromosome assembled. Gene annotation of this assembly on Ensembl has identified 13,803 protein coding genes.
Armia Krajowa jako ostatni przejaw polskiej państwowości na Wołyniu
Authors: Maszkiewski Jakub
Published: October 2021

THE HOME ARMY (AK) AS THE LAST MANIFESTATION OF POLISH STATEHOOD IN VOLHYNIA This article focuses on the phenomenon of the Home Army in the territory of the former Volhynia Province of the Second Polish Republic during the Soviet (1939- 1941) and German (1941-1944) occupation. The aim of the article is to show how, under the war conditions, the organised Polish society was able to create the underground Polish statehood. The work is divided into four parts. The first one introduces the reader to the beginnings of activity of the Polish independence underground in Volhynia. The second part is devoted to outlining the structural division of the Home Army units in Volhynia. The third focuses on the Operation “Burza” in Volhynia, that is, on the analysis of the military effort of the Volhynia AK – the 27th Volhynian Infantry Division of the Home Army – in defense of the independent Polish state. The fourth and last part focuses on the present cultivation of the memory and traditions of the Volhynia AK structures. According to the research hypothesis of this article, the structures of the Home Army were the last manifestation of the Polish statehood in Volhynia.
Looking back to look forward: a collaborative autoethnographic study of the effects of neoliberalism on social work practice, education and research
Authors: Kramer Catherine S. , Cosgrove Darren , DeChants Jonah
Published: October 2021

Neoliberalism emerged as a powerful force across the globe, adding market-based pressures to social work practice, education and research. Using a collaborative autoethnographic approach, we reflected on neoliberalism’s impact on our professional and academic experiences in US-based social work. Disconnection characterised our collective experiences of neoliberal social work across practice, research and education. The effects of this collective disconnecting emerged in three themes: (1) commodification; (2) compliance; and (3) disillusionment. We offer recommendations on how the field of social work can resist neoliberalism’s effects and encourage: (1) recentring social work practice, education and research around social work values; (2) a strategic use of self to form connections between the personal and the professional; and (3) the adoption of collective impact as the model for social work education and research.
Characteristics and outcome of critically ill patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia admitted to a tertiary care center in the United Arab Emirates during the first wave of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. A retrospective analysis
Authors: Ismail Khaled , Bensasi Hatim , Taha Ahmed , Nazir Aamir , Abdelkhalek Mohamed , Mohamed Walid , Lodhe Dipak , Buschbeck Samuel , Bauer Michael , Sakr Yasser
Published: October 2021

Background

The aim of this study was to describe the clinical characteristics and outcome of patients with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia admitted to an intensive care unit (ICU) of a tertiary care center in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) and to identify early risk factors for in-hospital mortality in these patients.

Methods

A total of 371 adult patients (>18 years) admitted to the ICU of Al Ain Hospital between March 16 and July 19, 2020 with SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rt-PCR) on nasopharyngeal swabs were included.

Results

The mean patient age was 53 years (standard deviation = 13). Patients were mostly male (n = 314 [84.6%]) and of South Asian origin (n = 231 [62.3%]). Invasive mechanical ventilation was required in 182 (49.1%) patients for a median of 11 days (25–75% interquartile range: 6–17). During the ICU stay, renal replacement therapy was required in 87 (23.5%) and vasopressor therapy in 190 (51.2%) patients. ICU and hospital lengths of stay were 9 (IQ: 5–17) and 18 (IQ: 13–29) days, respectively and ICU and hospital mortality rates were both 20.2%. In a multivariable analysis with in-hospital mortality as the dependent variable, greater Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score on ICU admission, diarrhea prior to hospital admission, greater, admission from hospital ward, and higher lactate dehydrogenase levels and neutrophil:lymphocyte ratio on admission to the ICU were independently associated with higher risk of in-hospital mortality.

Conclusion

In this cohort of patients admitted to the ICU of a tertiary hospital in the UAE, COVID-19 pneumonia was associated with high morbidity and mortality rates. Identifying patients at high risk of death may help detect future therapeutic targets.
Reproducibility and discrimination of different indices of insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion
Authors: Hudak Sarah , Huber Philipp , Lamprinou Apostolia , Fritsche Louise , Stefan Norbert , Peter Andreas , Birkenfeld Andreas L. , Fritsche Andreas , Heni Martin , Wagner Robert
Published: October 2021

Aims

Insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion can be estimated by multiple indices from fasting blood samples or blood samples obtained during oral glucose tolerance tests. The test-retest reliability of these indices in repeated measurements within the same individuals can strongly vary.

Methods

We analyzed data of persons without diabetes who underwent two repeated OGTTs. For each measurement pair, we calculated multiple commonly used indices for the assessment of insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity. We then evaluated the coefficient of variation (standard deviation/mean) and discriminant ratio for each index.

Results

89 persons underwent two OGTTs with a median interval of 86 days (IQR 64–249). Among indices of insulin sensitivity derived from fasting blood samples, the revised quantitative insulin sensitivity check index had the smallest coefficient of variation (2.8 ± 2.1%) whereas the C-peptide based homeostasis model assessment 2 had the highest discriminant ratio (1.97 (1.65–2.39)). As for insulin sensitivity indices that are based on OGTT, the oral glucose insulin sensitivity index had the smallest coefficient of variation (6.5 ± 5.1%). The highest discriminant ratio was found for the non-esterified fatty acids-based insulin sensitivity index (NEFA-ISI, 2.70 (2.30–3.22)). For the assessment of insulin secretion from fasting variables, the lowest mean coefficient of variation was found for C-peptide based homeostasis model assessment 2 beta with 10.8 ± 8% and the highest discriminant ratio for the C-peptide / Glucose-Ratio (2.18 (1.84–2.63)). Among indices assessing insulin secretion from an OGTT, the lowest coefficient of variation was found for the ratio of the areas under the C-peptide and glucose curves from 0 to 120 minutes with 11.3 ± 9.7%.

Conclusion

The data reveal large differences in the reproducibility and the discrimination capability of different indices that assess insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion. Our findings can aid the selection of an appropriate index in clinical studies.
Determinants of left ventricular structure, filling and long axis function in systemic sclerosis
Authors: Peverill Roger E. , Ngian Gene-Siew , Mylrea Catherine , Sahhar Joanne
Published: October 2021

Background

Abnormalities of left ventricular (LV) structure, filling and long-axis function have all been reported in subjects with systemic sclerosis (SSc) and a normal LV ejection fraction (EF), but previous study findings have not been consistent. The aim of this study was to identify factors which could have confounded the analyses in previous studies of SSc, and in particular to consider the variables of body surface area (BSA), sex, age, heart rate, blood pressure (BP), disease duration (DD), disease type (limited versus diffuse) and interstitial lung disease (ILD).

Methods

Echocardiography was performed on 100 subjects with SSc (79 women; age 56±15 years) with a LVEF ≥50% and free of pulmonary arterial hypertension, coronary artery disease, more than mild valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Measurements were performed of the LV end-diastolic dimension (LVEDD) and septal wall thickness (SWT), the transmitral Doppler E, A and deceleration time (DT), and the peak systolic (s’) and early diastolic (e’) LV long-axis velocities. Multivariate analyses were performed to investigate correlations of the above LV variables with BSA, sex, age, heart rate, BP, DD, disease type, and the presence of ILD.

Results

DD varied between 0.1 and 41.2 years, 25% had diffuse and 75% had limited disease, and 37% had ILD. SWT and LVEDD were positively correlated with BSA, SWT was also positively correlated with age and larger in males, and LVEDD was larger in diffuse disease. Age was positively correlated with A and DT, and inversely correlated with E and E/A, and heart rate was inversely correlated with E and E/A. None of E, A, E/A, or DT were independently associated with DD or disease type. Septal and lateral LV wall s’ and e’ were all inversely correlated with age, and there was a small independent contribution to the prediction of lateral s’ from DD, but no association of either s’ or e’ with disease type. The presence of ILD was not a predictor of any of the LV variables.

Conclusion

In SSc there are associations of sex, body size, age and disease type with LV structural variables, of age and heart rate with E/A, and of age with both systolic and early diastolic LV long-axis velocities. Appropriate adjustment for these variables could help to resolve current uncertainties regarding SSc effects on the left ventricle.
Protective and proliferative effect of Aesculus indica extract on stressed human adipose stem cells via downregulation of NF-κB pathway
Authors: Khawaja Hamzah , Fazal Numan , Yaqub Faiza , Ahmad Muhammad Rauf , Hanif Muzaffar , Yousaf Muhammad Amin , Latief Noreen
Published: October 2021

Inflammatory microenvironment after transplantation affects the proliferation and causes senescence of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hADMSCs) thus compromising their clinical efficacy. Priming stem cells with herbal extracts is considered very promising to improve their viability in the inflammatory milieu.Aesculus indica(A.indica) is used to treat many inflammatory diseases in Asia for decades. Herein, we explored the protective role ofA.indicaextract on human adipose-derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (hADMSCs) against Monosodium Iodoacetate (MIA) induced stressin vitro.A.indicaameliorated the injury as depicted by significantly enhanced proliferation, viability, improved cell migration and superoxide dismutase activity. Furthermore, reduced lactate dehydrogenase activity, reactive oxygen species release, senescent and apoptotic cells were detected inA.indicaprimed hADMSCs. Downregulation of NF-κB pathway and associated inflammatory genes, NF-κB p65/RelA and p50/NF-κB 1, Interleukin 6 (IL-6), Interleukin 1 (IL-1β), Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) were observed inA.indicaprimed hADMSCs as compared to stressed hADMSCs. Complementary to gene expression,A.indicapriming reduced the release of transcription factor p65, inhibitory-κB kinase (IKK) α and β, IL-1β and TNF-α proteins expression. Our data elucidates thatA.indicaextract preconditioning rescued hADMSCs against oxidative stress and improved their therapeutic potential by relieving inflammation through regulation of NF-κB pathway.
Prevalence and factors associated with suicidal behavior among trans women in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Authors: Rafael Ricardo de Mattos Russo , Jalil Emilia Moreira , Luz Paula Mendes , de Castro Cristiane Regina Vinissius , Wilson Erin C. , Monteiro Laylla , Ramos Michelle , Moreira Ronaldo Ismério , Veloso Valdiléa Gonçalves , Grinsztejn Beatriz Gilda Jegerhorn , Velasque Luciane de Souza
Published: October 2021

Background

Trans women face disproportionate burden of adverse health outcomes, including mental health issues. Very little is known about suicidal behavior among trans women in low- and middle-income settings, such as Brazil. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of lifetime suicidal behavior and to identify its associated factors among Brazilian trans women.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted among 345 trans women living in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We examined the prevalence of suicidal behavior (ideation and suicide attempt) and its associated factors using stepwise backward Poisson regression analysis with robust variance.

Results

Suicidal ideation was present among 47.25% of participants, and the prevalence of lifetime suicide attempt was 27.25%. Trans women with prior physical violence perpetrated by a family member had significantly higher prevalence of suicidal ideation (adjusted prevalence ratios [aPR]1.37), whereas those who reported sex work had lower prevalence ratio of suicidal ideation (aPR 0.76). Suicide attempt was significantly associated with living alone (aPR 1.48), physical violence by a casual partner (aPR 1.92), and sexual violence by a family member (aPR 1.69). Depression was significantly associated with both outcomes (aPR 1.90 for suicidal ideation and aPR 2.21 for suicide attempt).

Conclusion

Suicidal behavior prevalence rates among Brazilian trans women were alarming and directly linked to violence and poor mental health. Effective mental health and public health policies addressing violence against trans women are urgently needed to prevent suicidal behavior among this highly vulnerable population.
Assessment of climate change and prospective analysis on shallow lakes. Las Encadenadas del Oeste watershed, Buenos Aires - Argentina
Authors: Tengroth Caroline , Geraldi Alejandra Mabel
Published: October 2021

The earth’s ecosystem is fragile, and sometimes even small changes in the climate can have impacts on the environment and society. Changes in temperature and precipitation can cause numerous feedbacks that effect the ecosystem of the whole Earth. Many studies hold that the temperature will rise in some places, while other areas will experience a cooling in annual mean temperatures. The study area is famous for its many ponds. These ecosystems will be both physically, biologically, and chemically affected by climate change and its feedbacks. Las Encadenadas del Oeste consists of seven shallow lakes (Epecuen, La Paraguaya, Venado, Del Monte, Cochico, Alsina, and Inchauspe) of various depths and sizes is a closed river basin system aligned in an east-west direction. The objectives of this work are to demonstrate the change in shallow lake size over a period of 20 years and to relate these changes to temperature and precipitation over the basin area for the same period. It is also intended to examine future temperature and precipitation scenarios in the study area. Maximum and minimum temperature data and precipitation data was retrieved from a climate station in Carhue. A multiple regression analysis was performed and five models and the shallow lake area were compared. The water levels in the shallow lakes will continue to fluctuate in the future as precipitation and temperature varies. Temperatures will increase quickly in the area; and around a 3 ºC change is expected before 2099. Only small variations in the temperatures have previously caused the lake to change in size. Precipitation patterns show a high variation, but the change is very small. Minimum temperature, which is already the most significant factor according to the statistical analysis, will in the future be an even more important factor if changes occur.
Adipose tissue: colors, depots and functions
Authors: Romantsova T. I.
Published: October 2021

Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by excessive accumulation of adipose tissue. The prevalence of obesity and associated diseases has prompted researchers to expand the study of the biology of adipose tissue. New technologies have significantly expanded the understanding of adipogenesis mechanisms, various aspects of lipid and glucose metabolism, as well as the paracrine and endocrine functions of adipose tissue. Adipose tissue is a complex, heterogeneous endocrine organ. The existence of several shades of adipocytes demonstrates their morphological and functional heterogeneity. The main function of white adipose tissue is to store energy. Brown and white adipocytes perform a predominantly thermogenic function. Bone marrow (yellow) adipose tissue regulates the processes of bone remodeling and hematopoiesis. Pink adipocytes are formed during pregnancy and satisfy the energy needs of the offspring. The study of the biology of adipose tissue is crucial to understanding the pathophysiology of obesity and determining its molecular relationships with type 2 diabetes as well as cardiovascular and oncological diseases. The review presents current literature data on the origin, adipogenesis, and functional properties of adipose tissue depending on its cellular composition and localization. It outlines the nature of changes in adipose tissue in obesity and the clinical significance and therapeutic potential of various adipose tissue depots.
A educação como direito coletivo na construção da cidadania e dignidade da pessoa humana: a realidade de um estado de coisas inconstitucional
Authors: Tárrega Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco , Alves Felipe Freitas de Araújo , Approbato Ana Patricia Ribeiro
Published: October 2021

A Constituição Cidadã de 1988, além de ser um marco histórico na construção do Estado Democrático de Direito, priorizou os direitos e garantias fundamentais. Entre estes, estão elencados os denominados direitos sociais pertencentes à segunda dimensão de direitos humanos. Integrando os direitos sociais encontra-se a educação como base para a construção de uma consciência que preza pela dignidade da pessoa humana e o efetivo exercício da cidadania, dois fundamentos do Estado Democrático de Direito. Assim, faz-se mister a compreensão dos conceitos de cidadania e de dignidade da pessoa humana, temas abarcados pelos direitos humanos. Após tal compreensão, a educação é apontada como direito social fundamental em seus aspectos constitucionais e infraconstitucionais. Ocorre que, a falta de apreço do Poder Público para com esse direito social fundamental causa uma situação insustentável, generalizada, um verdadeiro estado de coisas inconstitucional. Neste viés, surge a necessidade de o Poder Judiciário, respeitando a autonomia dos Poderes Executivo e Legislativo, agir em prol da harmonia e com a equidade que lhe é exigida, suscitar a concreção daquilo que é dever do Poder Público, o que no presente ensaio é o direito social fundamental à educação. O método de pesquisa é bibliográfico, descritivo e qualitativo, parte-se do confronto entre as bibliografias para se descrever os resultados. Após, a análise infere-se que, embora pouco utilizado no ordenamento pátrio, o país vive na Educação um autêntico Estado de coisas inconstitucional.
Práticas extensionistas no contexto da Proex/Unitins: um caminho para superação das desigualdades sociais em tempos de mudanças no sistema educacional
Authors: Vicente Kyldes Batista , Cericatto Soely Kunz , Jacundá Mylena Costa
Published: October 2021

Neste artigo analisa-se algumas práticas extensionistas desenvolvidas no âmbito da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão, Cultura e Assuntos Comunitários da Universidade Estadual do Tocantins (Proex/Unitins), durante os meses de janeiro de 2019 a março de 2020. O objetivo é refletir acerca das ações de extensão desenvolvidas em tempos de mudanças no sistema educacional. Optou-se pelo método descritivo, de abordagem qualitativa, cuja técnica foi a análise de projetos e de relatórios de projetos já finalizados ou em andamento. Para a fundamentação utilizou-se da legislação vigente sobre Extensão Universitária e das contribuições de autores que tratam dessa temática. Com os resultados alcançados, conclui-se que as práticas extensionistas desenvolvidas possibilitaram experiências significativas, tanto na vida pessoal quanto profissional dos envolvidos, oportunizando o desenvolvimento de atividades educativas e de cunho social em diversas áreas do conhecimento, constituindo-se em um espaço de promoção do exercício da cidadania, construção de aprendizagem e diálogos com a comunidade externa.
Test bench with wireless control for gasoline injectors
Authors: Caro-Montes Andrés Felipe , Piza-Segura Arley Felipe , Montaña-Quintero Henry
Published: October 2021

Currently, the market for new vehicles in Colombia, particularly in its capital, shows that about 70% is multipoint electronic injection, evidencing the high demand for the injector cleaning service. To this is added the regulations of 2002 that requires the technical and mechanical revision of vehicles conducive to guarantee the operation and emissions within the permissible limits. Therefore, this article describes the design and development of an electromechanical prototype focused on the evaluation and cleaning of injectors in gasoline vehicles. The design obtained from the structural and electronic point of view simulates variables that condition a vehicle in operation: pressure and electrical injection pulses. For the evaluation of the injector tests of: drip, spray and injection flow were used. The results obtained diagnose the spraying and injection flow tests taking as a reference the measurement of the liquid deposited in the measuring pipes.
La universidad en la sociedad de la ignorancia
Authors: Rodriguez Diego Julián
Published: October 2021

Editorial Vol. 26 No. 2
Towards cost-optimal query processing in the cloud
Authors: Leis Viktor , Kuschewski Maximilian
Published: October 2021

Public cloud providers offer hundreds of heterogeneous hardware instances. For analytical query processing systems, this presents a major challenge: depending on the hardware configuration, performance and cost may differ by orders of magnitude. We propose a simple and intuitive model that takes the workload, hardware, and cost into account to determine the optimal instance configuration. We discuss how such a model-based approach can significantly reduce costs and also guide the evolution of cloud-native database systems to achieve our vision of
cost-optimal query processing.
Potential prognostic value of miRNAs as biomarker for progression and recurrence after nephrectomy in renal cell carcinoma: a literature review
Authors: Fasanella Daniela , Antonaci Alessio , Esperto Francesco , Scarpa Roberto M. , Ferro Matteo , Schips Luigi , Marchioni Michele
Published: October 2021

Objectives

We provide a systematic literature review on tissue miRNAs in patients with RCC to evaluate and summarize their usefulness as prognostic markers. We undertook a systematic search for articles in English using the PubMed-Medline database from January 2010 to December 2020. Studies were identified and selected according to the PRISMA criteria and the PICO methodology. The population consisted of RCC patients undergoing nephrectomy and the main outcome of interest was recurrence-free survival (RFS). Only studies providing hazard ratios (HRs) from multivariate or univariate analyzes with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) and/or area under the curve (AUC) were considered.

Content

All nine included studies (1,541 patients) analyzed the relationship between tissue miRNA expression levels (up or downregulated) and RFS. Some of these found that the methylation status of miR-9-1, miR-9-3 and miR-124 was associated with a high risk of relapse. Moreover, miR-200b overexpression was associated with OS. MiR-210 overexpression indicated a shorter OS than those who were miR-210 negative. Finally, patients with high miR-125b expression had shorter cancer-specific survival (CSS) than those with low expression; similarly, patients with low miR-126 expression also had shorter CSS time.

Summary and outlook

Several studies tested the usefulness of specific miRNAs to predict RCC recurrence. Some of them showed a fair accuracy and strong relationship between specific miRNA over or under-expression and survival outcomes. However, results from these studies are preliminary and miRNAs use in routine clinical practice is still far to come.
Lebanese conversational style and cultural values
Authors: Louis Sasha G. , Khoudary Rana N.
Published: October 2021

This paper investigates the Lebanese conversational style in relation to Lebanese cultural values. The study adopts a discourse analysis approach based on interactional sociolinguistic methodology for the analysis of audio-recordings and semi-structured interviews involving Lebanese nationals (multi-active culture) and members of linear-active cultures, in addition to participant observation. Four distinctive linguistic features characterizing the Lebanese conversational style are identified: topic (focus on personal topics and abrupt topic shift), pacing (overlap and fast pace), expressive phonology and intonation, and formulaic language. The findings of this study reveal that the Lebanese have a high-involvement conversational style as a result of their cultural values which reflect those of high-context, multi-active and collectivist cultures. Furthermore, a connection is made between cultural and communicative differences which can account for instances of stereotyping and misunderstandings between members of the two cultural groups.
The frame system as an interlingual representation for parallel texts
Authors: Pluwak Agnieszka
Published: October 2021

One of the key problems in comparative studies based on frame semantics is the question whether frames can become an interlingua. This paper argues that not only single frames, but theirsystemsorframe semantic domain representationsconsisting of frames and their relations are also useful in comparative studies. Such a system of frames helps one explain why seemingly unrelated expressions in different languages find a common denominator in higher-order frames, thus becoming semantic-pragmatic equivalents. To support this argument, an analysis of Polish, English and German lease agreements as parallel texts is conducted and the benefits of this approach to comparative studies are presented. The study is in line with the recent FrameNet initiatives, such as the Global FrameNet and automatic translation studies. However, it differs in some methodological aspects. Instead of using FrameNet as the given lexical resource, domain specific frames are defined starting from common general concepts of the analyzed semantic domain. A text-based approach rather than a comparison of bi-sentences or phrases is adapted. The work thus introduces a new approach to comparative studies based on frame semantics and frame semantic research. It also follows the recent research trend of adding a pragmatic dimension to frame semantic analysis by analyzing frames in context.
Gene editing therapy ready for cardiovascular diseases: opportunities, challenges, and perspectives
Authors: Zhou Jun , Ren Zhuoying , Xu Jie , Zhang Jifeng , Chen Y. Eugene
Published: October 2021

Gene editing nucleases (GENs), represented by CRISPR/Cas9, have become major tools in biomedical research and offer potential cures for many human diseases. Gene editing therapy (GETx) studies in animal models targeting genes such as proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9), apolipoprotein C3 (APOC3), angiopoietin Like 3 (ANGPTL3) and inducible degrader of the low-density lipoprotein receptor (IDOL) have demonstrated the benefits and advantages of GETx in managing atherosclerosis. Here we present our views on this brand new therapeutic option for cardiovascular diseases (CVD).
The preparations of nanoporous carbon with multi-heteroatoms co-doping from black liquor powders for supercapacitors
Authors: Hao Pengfei , Yi Yanjie , Li Youming , Hou Yi
Published: October 2021

A green and economically viable route without any additional activation agents and templates has been developed to synthesize biomass-derived nanoporous carbon for superior electric double-layer capacitors via direct pyrolysis of dried black liquor powders, which is the main waste in pulping and paper-making industry. The resulting carbon materials present hierarchical porosity and moderate specific surface area of 1134 

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, as well as multi-heteroatoms co-doping such as N, S, Na and K, which exist originally in black liquor. When evaluated as electrode materials for supercapacitors in 6 M KOH aqueous electrolyte, the-prepared carbon samples deliver a significantly high gravimetric capacitance of 331 

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in a three-electrode system. Moreover, the fabricated symmetric supercapacitor also possesses a gravimetric capacitance of 211 

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, with an impressive long-term cycling stability of 92 % capacitance retention after 3000 cycles. This work explores a suitable and scalable approach for mass production of high-performance electrode materials with industrial wastes on the base of cost-efficiency and environment-friendship.
Interpretation of force profiles in mill-scale LC refining
Authors: Aigner Matthias , Olson James , Sun Yu , Wild Peter
Published: October 2021

A set of piezo electric force sensors is implemented in a 52-inch mill-scale low consistency refiner to explore the effect of varying operating conditions on bar force profiles. The sensor replaces a short length of a stator bar and measures normal and shear forces applied during the passage of each rotor bar. In previous work with this type of force sensor a rotary encoder was used to investigate force profiles for individualbar passing events(BPE) on a 16-inch laboratory-scale refiner. In the work presented here, force profiles for individual BPEs are identified based on key features in the time domain force data. The individual bar force profiles are classified assingle peakevents which feature one peak corresponding to thefiber compression forceand asdual peakevents corresponding to fiber compression force and thecorner force. The bar passing events are then analysed based on theirmean force profilesand theirdual peak ratioin the bar passing event. Findings are compared and validated by previous work on bar force profiles. It is shown that dual peak events which are considered to represent the corner force, are present through out the whole range of refining and increase with increased refining energy. This increases the understanding of the way corner force contributes to the refining process. Furthermore, it is found that different radial positions on the stator plate are subjected to different force profiles. This is thought to be due to the difference in tangential speed and a change in the fiber and floc material properties at different radial positions.
Job as a Steadfast Wrestler: Athletic Exemplarity in John Chrysostom and Severian of Gabala
Authors: De Backer Olympe , Valgaeren Thomas
Published: October 2021

In Greek Late Antiquity, the Biblical character of Job was portrayed in two different ways: as Job the impatient complainer and as Job the patient sufferer. The latter image has often been enriched by means of agonistic metaphors describing Job as the perfect athlete wrestling with the devil. Despite its pervasiveness, however, this image has only been studied in a sporadic and incomplete way. The article intends to bridge this gap by researching how Christian authors strategically used the image of Job as an athlete in order to increase his impact as a role model. First, it briefly explores this image in Biblical traditions and in the works of Origen, Basil of Caesarea, and Gregory of Nyssa. The main part of the article then focuses on the works of John Chrysostom and Severian of Gabala. It is necessary to ascertain which image(s) of Job each author presents and how this image is presented as well as to lay bare the function and relevance of the agonistic metaphors that are used to portray Job. To achieve this aim, the article offers a philological analysis of some crucial primary sources in their socio-cultural context. The agonistic metaphors have also been analysed according to the principles of cognitive-linguistic metaphor theory. In the end, the article shows how Chrysostom and Severian used Job as a model-athlete to incite their audience to strive for a perfect Christian life. It demonstrates that the agonistic metaphors are deeply significant for the portrayal of Job, since they incite the audience to view Job’s life, and consequently also their own life, from a new angle. By turning Job the passive sufferer into an active athlete who is the ultimate example of resilience, the metaphors shed a new light on Job’s suffering and thereby on the problem of theodicy.
The Biblical Text and its Variants at the Heart of the Debate between the Emperor Julian and Cyril of Alexandria: The Cases of Genesis 6,2 and 49,10
Authors: Boulnois Marie-Odile
Published: October 2021

The biblical argument plays a considerable role in Julian’s controversy against Christianity and has certainly contributed to the “invincible efficiency” of his work, as pointed out by his adversary Cyril of Alexandria. This paper focuses on two verses Gen 49:10 and Gen 6:2 invoked by Julian to prove that Moses has never spoken, either of the coming of Jesus, or of an Only-Begotten Son of God, and consequently that Christians are unfaithful to Moses. The specificity of this debate is that it concerns not only the interpretation of these verses, but the very form of the biblical text, its possible falsification or the existence of marginalia. In this second case, Cyril’s refutation in his Contra Julianum, as well as parallels in other Cyrillian works, helps to understand that Julian is referring to a biblical paratext, a rare element that enhances his reputation as a good connoisseur of the exegetical debates of his time, and provides a particularly interesting testimony about the material transmission of the biblical text.
Einführung neuer Produktvarianten in digitalen Montage-Assistenzsystemen
Authors: Bayer Christian , Scholz Patrick , Metternich Joachim
Published: October 2021

Assistenzsysteme bieten die Möglichkeit, Werker bei manuellen Montageprozessen mit zahlreichen Varianten und Arbeitsinhalten zu unterstützen. Die Konfiguration eines bestehenden Assistenzsystems für neue Produktvarianten kann einen hohen Aufwand in der Arbeitsvorbereitung verursachen. Eine Darstellung des Status quo beim Anlegen neuer Produktvarianten fehlt allerdings bisher aufgrund der Neuartigkeit der Systeme. Daher werden der Konfigurationsprozess und die Herausforderungen anhand einer Literaturrecherche und durch Interviews strukturiert aufgearbeitet.