bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Excretory/Secretory Products from Schistosoma japonicum Eggs Alleviate Ovalbumin-Induced Allergic Airway Inflammation
Authors: Li Zhidan , Wang Xiaoling , Zhang Wei , Yang Wenbin , Xu Bin , Hu Wei
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Excretory/secretory products (ESPs) derived from helminths have been reported to effectively control allergic inflammation, which have better therapeutic prospects than live parasite infections. However, it remains unknown whether ESPs from schistosome eggs can protect against allergies, despite reports alleging that schistosome infection could alleviate disordered allergic inflammation.

Method

In the present study, we investigated the protective effects of ESPs from Schistosoma japonicum eggs (ESP-SJE) on asthmatic inflammation. Firstly, we successfully established an allergic airway inflammation model in mice by alum-adjuvanted ovalbumin (OVA) sensitization and challenge. ESP-SJE were administered intraperitoneally on days -1 and 13 (before sensitization), on day 20 (before challenge), and on days 21–24 (challenge phase).

Results

The results showed that ESP-SJE treatment significantly reduced the infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially eosinophils into the lung tissue, inhibited the production of the total and OVA-specific IgE during OVA-sensitized and -challenged phases, respectively, and suppressed the secretion of Th2-type inflammatory cytokines (IL-4). Additionally, ESP-SJE treatment significantly upregulated the regulatory T cells (Tregs) in the lung tissue during OVA challenge. Furthermore, using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis and Treg induction experiments in vitro, we might identify nine potential therapeutic proteins against allergic inflammation in ESP-SJE. The targets of these candidate proteins included glutathione S-transferase, egg protein CP422 precursor, tubulin alpha-2/alpha-4 chain, actin-2, T-complex protein 1 subunit beta, histone H₄, whey acidic protein core region, and molecular chaperone HtpG.

Conclusion

Taken together, the results discussed herein demonstrated that ESP-SJE could significantly alleviate OVA-induced asthmatic inflammation in a murine model, which might be mediated by the upregulation of Treg in lung tissues that may be induced by the potential modulatory proteins. Therefore, potential proteins in ESP-SJE might be the best candidates to be tested for therapeutic application of asthma, thus pointing out to a possible new therapy for allergic airway inflammation.
Delayed blood pressure recovery after exercise stress test is associated with autonomic dysfunction and pulse pressure in a middle-aged healthy group
Authors: Lee Hancheol , Kim Hyeongsoo , Oh Seungjin , Park Jong-Kwan , Jang Ji-Yong , Chun Kyeong-Hyeon , Yoon Se-Jung
Published: October 2023

Background

Delayed heart rate (HR) and blood pressure recovery after exercise test is known as the reliable indexes of autonomic dysfunction. Here we tried to evaluate the serial changes in various indicators during exercise test and correlations with recovery of HR and blood pressure in a normotensive healthy middle-aged group.

Methods

A total of 122 patients without hypertension or diabetes was enrolled (mean age, 55.6 ± 11.0; male, 56.6%; mean blood pressure, 124.8 ± 16.6 / 81.5 ± 9.6 mmHg). Treadmill test was performed for evaluation of chest pain. Patients with coronary artery disease, positive treadmill test result, left ventricular dysfunction or renal failure were excluded. Heart rate recovery was calculated by subtracting the HR in the first or second minute of recovery period from the HR of peak exercise (HRR1 or HRR2). Systolic blood pressure in the 4thminute of recovery stage (SBPR4) was used to show delayed blood pressure recovery.

Results

Metabolic equivalents (METs) and HR in stage 2 to 4 were significantly correlated with both HRR1 and HRR2. Multiple regression analysis of HRR revealed significant correlation of METs and SBPR4. SBPR4 was significantly correlated with both HRR1 and HRR2 (HRR1, r = -0.376, p<0.001; HRR2, r = -0.244, p = 0.008) as well as SBP in the baseline to stage 3 and pulse pressure (r = 0.406, p<0.001).

Conclusions

Delayed BP recovery after peak exercise test revealed significant association with autonomic dysfunction and increased pulse pressure in normotensive middle-aged healthy group. It can be a simple and useful marker of autonomic dysfunction and arterial stiffness.
Response of salt stress resistance in highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) through phenylpropane metabolic pathway
Authors: Xue ZhengLian , Wang BingSheng , Qu ChangYu , Tao MengDie , Wang Zhou , Zhang GuoQiang , Zhao Ming , Zhao ShiGuang
Published: October 2023

Highland barley (Hordeum vulgare L. var. nudum) is a grain crop that grows on the plateau under poor and high salt conditions. Therefore, to cultivate high-quality highland barley varieties, it is necessary to study the molecular mechanism of strong resistance in highland barley, which has not been clearly explained. In this study, a high concentration of NaCl (240 mmol/L), simulating the unfavorable environment, was used to spray the treated highland barley seeds. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that the expression of more than 8,000 genes in highland barley seed cells was significantly altered, suggesting that the metabolic landscape of the cells was deeply changed under salt stress. Through the KEGG analysis, the phenylpropane metabolic pathway was significantly up-regulated under salt stress, resulting in the accumulation of polyphenols, flavonoids, and lignin, the metabolites for improving the stress resistance of highland barley seed cells, being increased 2.71, 1.22, and 1.17 times, respectively. This study discovered that the phenylpropane metabolic pathway was a significant step forward in understanding the stress resistance of highland barley, and provided new insights into the roles of molecular mechanisms in plant defense.
Primary complex motor stereotypies are associated with de novo damaging DNA coding mutations that identify KDM5B as a risk gene
Authors: Fernandez Thomas V. , Williams Zsanett P. , Kline Tina , Rajendran Shreenath , Augustine Farhan , Wright Nicole , Sullivan Catherine A. W. , Olfson Emily , Abdallah Sarah B. , Liu Wenzhong , Hoffman Ellen J. , Gupta Abha R. , Singer Harvey S.
Published: October 2023

Motor stereotypies are common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), intellectual disability, or sensory deprivation, as well as in typically developing children (“primary” stereotypies, pCMS). The precise pathophysiological mechanism for motor stereotypies is unknown, although genetic etiologies have been suggested. In this study, we perform whole-exome DNA sequencing in 129 parent-child trios with pCMS and 853 control trios (118 cases and 750 controls after quality control). We report an increased rate of de novo predicted-damaging DNA coding variants in pCMS versus controls, identifying KDM5B as a high-confidence risk gene and estimating 184 genes conferring risk. Genes harboring de novo damaging variants in pCMS probands show significant overlap with those in Tourette syndrome, ASD, and those in ASD probands with high versus low stereotypy scores. An exploratory analysis of these pCMS gene expression patterns finds clustering within the cortex and striatum during early mid-fetal development. Exploratory gene ontology and network analyses highlight functional convergence in calcium ion transport, demethylation, cell signaling, cell cycle and development. Continued sequencing of pCMS trios will identify additional risk genes and provide greater insights into biological mechanisms of stereotypies across diagnostic boundaries.
Second victim syndrome in intensive care unit healthcare workers: A systematic review and meta-analysis on types, prevalence, risk factors, and recovery time
Authors: Naya Kazuaki , Aikawa Gen , Ouchi Akira , Ikeda Mitsuki , Fukushima Ayako , Yamada Shuhei , Kamogawa Megumi , Yoshihara Shun , Sakuramoto Hideaki
Published: October 2023

Introduction

Patient safety incidents, including medical errors and adverse events, frequently occur in intensive care units, leading to a significant psychological burden on healthcare workers. This burden results in second victim syndrome, which impacts the psychological and psychosomatic well-being of these workers. However, a systematic review focusing specifically on this condition among intensive care unit healthcare workers is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to examine the occurrence of second victim syndrome among intensive care unit healthcare workers, including the types, prevalence, risk factors, and recovery time associated with this condition.

Methods

We conducted a comprehensive search of the MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, and Igaku Chuo Zasshi databases. The eligibility criteria encompassed retrospective, prospective, and cross-sectional studies and controlled trials, with no language restrictions. Data on the type, prevalence, risk factors, and recovery time of second victim syndrome were extracted and pooled. Prevalence estimates from the included studies were combined using a random-effects meta-analytic model.

Results

Of the 2,245 records retrieved, 16 potentially relevant studies were identified. Following full-text evaluation, five studies met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. The findings revealed that 58% of intensive care unit healthcare workers experienced second victim syndrome. Frequent symptoms included guilt (12–68%), anxiety (38–63%), anger at self (25–58%), and lower self-confidence (7–58%). However, specific risk factors exclusive to intensive care unit healthcare workers were not identified in the review. Furthermore, approximately 20% of individuals took more than a year to recover or did not recover at all from the second victim syndrome.

Conclusions

Thus, this condition is prevalent among intensive care unit healthcare workers and may persist for extended periods, potentially exceeding a year. The risk factors for second victim syndrome in the intensive care unit setting are unclear and require further investigation.
Can companies get more government subsidies through improving their ESG performance? Empirical evidence from China
Authors: Zhang Xuan , Zhang Jingxian , Feng Yongjie
Published: October 2023

Environmental protection and social obligation fulfillment have become hot subjects as the "dual carbon" approach has been developed and deepened. The ESG system is consistent with China’s current policies, abandoning the traditional business philosophy of economic supremacy in favor of comprehensively measuring corporate social responsibility and sustainable development capability across three dimensions: environmental (E), social (S), and corporate governance (G), which receive widespread attention from all sectors of society. Based on observational data from A-share listed businesses in Shanghai and Shenzhen from 2011 to 2020, this study empirically evaluates the influence and mechanism of ESG on government subsidies. The research results indicate that enterprises can receive more government subsidies by improving ESG performance. Mechanism analysis found that corporate transparency plays a positive mediating role in the process of ESG affecting government subsidies. Further research on political affiliation and property rights has found that companies without political affiliation are more inclined to receive more government subsidies by improving ESG performance, and the impact of political affiliation and ESG performance on government subsidies is mutually complementary. Enterprises with different property rights have different strengths of motivation to increase government subsidies by improving ESG performance. State owned enterprises (excluding central enterprises) are the strongest, followed by non-state-owned enterprises, and central enterprises are the weakest. Therefore, enterprises should be further encouraged to strengthen ESG construction, improve the quality of ESG information disclosure, improve resource allocation efficiency, and promote high-quality development of enterprises.
Valuing Australian football league draft picks
Authors: Chandrakumaran Jemuel , Stewart Mark , Srivastava Preety
Published: October 2023

To ensure uncertainty in match outcomes, professional sporting leagues have used various competitive balance policies, including player salary caps, revenue sharing among teams and player drafts. The Australian Football League (AFL) introduced a player draft in 1986, and to refine its operation, a draft value index (DVI) was introduced in 2015. The DVI allocates a numeric value to each individual player draft pick, with these values determined by the AFL using historic player compensation or wage and salary data. The AFL DVI plays an essential role in the operation of its player draft; however, other research has questioned the validity of such indexes. This paper aims to produce an alternative to the AFL DVI. The former index uses career compensation as the determinant of value, whereas we use other measures of player performance. First, various models were developed to predict on-field performance, such as games played (both in a recruit’s career and season) after a draftee was selected for the first time by a team. This was then retrofitted to the pick used to select these draftees to create the new DVIs. Even though the predicted DVI followed an inverse monotonic function like the existing index, the decline in value for the DVI produced here was less steep, unlike the AFL’s. This allowed us to conclude that players’ salaries did not always strongly correlate to performance. The change in performance between players selected at different points in the draft did not vary as much as their wages. Though this scheme is applied to the AFL, the underlying concept could be directly exported to other player drafts.
Linear epitope mapping in the E and NS1 proteins of dengue and Zika viruses: Prospection of peptides for vaccines and diagnostics
Authors: Aquino Victor Hugo , Fumagalli Marcilio J. , Silva Angélica , de Moura Negrini Bento Vidal , Rojas Alejandra , Guillen Yvalena , Bernal Cynthia , Figueiredo Luiz Tadeu Moraes
Published: October 2023

The arrival of the Zika virus (ZIKV) in dengue virus (DENV)-endemic areas has posed challenges for both differential diagnosis and vaccine development. Peptides have shown promise in addressing these issues. The aim of this study was to identify the linear epitope profile recognized by serum samples from dengue and Zika patients in the E and NS1 proteins of DENV and ZIKV. This cross-sectional study included individuals of all ages with laboratory-confirmed DENV and ZIKV infections, who were selected through convenience sampling. The serum samples from dengue and Zika patients detected epitopes evenly distributed across the viral proteins in a peptide microarray platform. However, several epitopes were located within “epitope hotspots”, characterized by clusters of peptides recognized in more than 30% of the sub-arrays analyzed using individual or pooled serum samples. The serum samples from dengue and Zika patients showed a high level of cross-reactivity with peptides in the DENV and ZIKV proteins. Analysis using an additional peptide microarray platform, which contained peptides selected based on the results of the initial screening, revealed that two DENV and one ZIKV peptide, highly specific to their related viruses, were located within the epitope hotspots; however, they presented low detection rates (32.5, 35.0, and 28.6%, respectively). In addition, two DENV peptides detected at similarly high rates by both dengue and Zika patients were also found within the epitope hotspots. These hotspots contain several immunodominant epitopes that are recognized by a larger number of individuals when compared to 15-amino acid (aa) sequence peptides. Thus, epitope hotspots may have greater potential to serve as antigens in diagnostic tests and vaccine development than peptides composed of only 15 amino acids.
VP2 residue N142 of coxsackievirus A10 is critical for the interaction with KREMEN1 receptor and neutralizing antibodies and the pathogenicity in mice
Authors: Li Xue , Liu Zeyu , Yan Xingyu , Tian Yuan , Liu Kexin , Zhao Yue , Shao Jiang , Hao Pei , Zhang Chao
Published: October 2023

Coxsackievirus A10 (CVA10) has recently emerged as one of the major causative agents of hand, foot, and mouth disease. CVA10 may also cause a variety of complications. No approved vaccine or drug is currently available for CVA10. The residues of CVA10 critical for viral attachment, infectivity and in vivo pathogenicity have not been identified by experiment. Here, we report the identification of CVA10 residues important for binding to cellular receptor KREMEN1. We identified VP2 N142 as a key receptor-binding residue by screening of CVA10 mutants resistant to neutralization by soluble KREMEN1 protein. The receptor-binding residue N142 is exposed on the canyon rim but highly conserved in all naturally occurring CVA10 strains, which provides a counterexample to the canyon hypothesis. Residue N142 when mutated drastically reduced receptor-binding activity, resulting in decreased viral attachment and infection in cell culture. More importantly, residue N142 when mutated reduced viral replication in limb muscle and spinal cord of infected mice, leading to lower mortality and less severe clinical symptoms. Additionally, residue N142 when mutated could decrease viral binding affinity to anti-CVA10 polyclonal antibodies and a neutralizing monoclonal antibody and render CVA10 resistant to neutralization by the anti-CVA10 antibodies. Overall, our study highlights the essential role of VP2 residue N142 of CVA10 in the interactions with KREMEN1 receptor and neutralizing antibodies and viral virulence in mice, facilitating the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of CVA10 infection and immunity. Our study also provides important information for rational development of antibody-based treatment and vaccines against CVA10 infection.
The paintings I make can change my life
Authors: Kalmanowitz Debra
Published: October 2023

This article looks at themes that have emerged from the work of the author over the last three decades and their resonance with ideas advanced by Shaun McNiff. The author reflects on how the thinking, writing and inspiration of McNiff have pertained to her work as an artist and art therapist with displacement, social upheaval, trauma, disaster and conflict, inside and outside of clinical settings. The three themes addressed in this article include: transformation and art therapy, science and the arts in research, and chi. Although very different, all point to the primacy of the art and imagination that have been at the heart of McNiff’s writings for over five decades. The commitment to the arts, creativity and imagination in healing continues to challenge many lay people and professionals alike especially when science is the predominant narrative of our times.
Unusual Shapes, Fantasy & Horror
Authors: Cuéllar Santiago Francisco
Published: October 2023

Focusing on the representation of fantastic and horror territories, this volume delves into the different faces of personified fears, but more specifically into the current tendency to diversify these forms of ideation through the reality and everydayness of the terrifying and imagined event. This work aims to be a place of analysis and creation through research and dissemination. From cinema, video games, education and, in general, all the arts involved in its processes, we reveal a continuous dialogue both in the revision of what has happened and in current narrative trends. The evolution and applications of the fantasy and horror genre stimulate an increasingly broad and complex creative panorama, with innovative contributions and hybridisations, but also with a retrospective view.
KONDISI TERUMBU KARANG DI PERAIRAN SEKITAR AREA BEROPERASINYA PERUSAHAAN TAMBANG BATU BARA (STUDI KASUS: PKP2B PT. KALTIM PRIMA COAL, KUTAI TIMUR) [Coral Reef Condition in Waters Surrounding Operational Site of Coal Mining Company (Case Study: PKP2B PT.
Authors: Simarangkir Omega Raya , Tawang Firmansyah , . Irwan , . Ayub , Sari Sila Kartika , Prabuning Derta
Published: October 2023

The condition of coral reefs is influenced by natural and anthropogenic factors. Anthropogenic activities such as coal mining will eventually have an impact on the surrounding ecosystems including coral reefs. This study aims to determine the condition of coral reefs in the waters around the operating areas of coal mining companies. This study is a preliminary study as a database that provides data on the health of coral reefs in the vicinity of the operation of mining companies in East Kutai Regency. Data was collected at Bengalon Reef, Kellie’s Reef and South Marker in March 2019 using Reef Check method, focusing on three indicators namely substrate, fish, and invertebrate. The line transect used in this method is 100 m long and divided into 4 segments. Physical and chemical parameters of the waters measured are current speed, brightness, pH, salinity, and water temperature. The condition of coral reefs in the study location is in medium category. The quality of the waters is in tolerance range of life support and coral growth. Indicator fish found were Chaetodontidae, Lutjanidae, Scaridae and Serranidae. Indicator invertebrates found were Holothuria edulis, Panulirus sp. and Tridacna spp. The dominant coral reef damage was found in boat anchors and fishing nets rubbish.
KERAGAMAN STOMATA DAN ANALISIS KEKERABATAN GENOTIPE JAHE MERAH
Authors: Anggraheni Yuliana Galih Dyan , Mambrasar Yasper Michael , Mulyani Enung Sri , Perdani Ambar Yuswi , Paradisa Yashanti Berlinda , Sulityowati Yuli , Nuro Fiqolbi , Indrayani Sri , Burhana Nana , Sudarna Tatang , Rostiana Otih
Published: October 2023

Jahe merupakan tanaman rempah-rempah yang berpotensi sebagai imunomodulator untuk meningkatkan sistem kekebalan tubuh manusia. Senyawa gingerol dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas imunomodulator dan imunosupresan. Informasi mengenai keragaman stomata genotipe lokal jahe merah diperlukan untuk melengkapi deskripsi genotipe jahe merah yang digunakan sebagai dasar kegiatan pemuliaan tanaman jahe merah. Observasi morfologi daun dilakukan dengan mengamati jumlah, panjang, dan lebar stomata, serta jumlah kloroplas. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan menggunakan peranti lunak IBM SPSS versi 25 dan PAST 3.25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa dari 14 genotipe jahe lokal koleksi pada 4 karakter pengamatan sitologi menunjukkan bahwa rerata panjang stomata, lebar stomata, dan jumlah kloroplas berbeda nyata.  Sementara karakter rerata jumlah stomata tidak berbeda nyata antar genotipe jahe merah. Analisis lanjut dilakukan dengan metode DMRT, terlihat bahwa panjang stomata pada genotipe Ziof-110 (60,1µm) berbeda nyata dengan Ziof-68 (66,3 µm). Pada karakter lebar stomata secara statistik Ziof-108 (66,7 µm) berbeda nyata dengan Ziof-69 (70,3 µm) dan Ziof-70 (69 µm). Karakter jumlah kloroplas Ziof-72 (30) berbeda nyata dengan Ziof-13 (46) dan Ziof-115 (43). Dendogram kekerabatan dan analisis komponen utama membagi 14 genotipe jahe merah lokal menjadi 2 kelompok. lebar stomata dan jumlah kloroplas merupakan karakter yang berkontribusi terhadap keragaman jahe merah dengan nilai PC1 0,70 dan PC2 0,73. Komponen utama 1 dan 2 memiliki nilai eigenvalue > 1 dan dapat menjelaskan keragaman total jahe merah sebesar 65,24%.
Shoot Tip Culture: A Potential In Vitro Culture Multiplication of Screw Pines (Pandanus tectorius Park.)
Authors: Matondang Ikhsan - , . Sisunandar , Yuniaty Alice , Hardiyati Triani , Susanto Agus Hery , Kusmintarsih Endang Srimurni
Published: October 2023

Pandanus tectorius Park., tree of life, which almost all of its parts are used by humans. Industrial fiber made from screw pine leaves has been successfully exported to several countries, while the fruit is consumed as an alternative staple food. Fruit is only produced by female plants, because screw pine is dioecious plant. Farmers obtain screw pine seedling using stem cuttings from female trees, but the number of seedling produced is limited and this technique can damage the plant. Alternative seedling production using seeds has constraints in the form of uncertainty over the sex of the seedling. One of the best ways to provide screw pine seedling is to use a shoot-tip culture technique. Shoot-tip culture is able to reproduce plants efficiently and quickly and does not damage the plant. Seedling will also have the same genetic traits as the selected plant. However, efforts to develop an efficient and fast screw pine shoot-tip culture protocol have not been carried out massively. The induction and shoot multiplication stages still had a low success rate. Another problem in seedling production through tissue culture is the certainty seedlings are true-to-type. This review article aims to reveal the potential of shoot-tip culture for in vitro screw pine seedling production and to test the genetic stability of the screw pine seedling.
Short Communication: Utilization of Vegetables Waste as Carbon Source in Cultivation Medium for Daphnia sp.
Authors: Anggraini Reni , Kurniawan Andri , Syarif Ahmad Fahrul
Published: October 2023

Daphnia sp. is one of the most important natural feeds in freshwater fish farming sector. Daphnia contain considerably high protein, easy to be cultivated, short harvest time, the size is appropriate to the fish's mouth size, its movement can stimulate fish larvae to eat it, does not pollute the aquatic environment or larval rearing media and can be enriched with certain ingredients. Carbon is a source of energy for the growth of Daphnia directly or through microorganisms that become feed for Daphnia. This study aimed to analyze the effect of providing vegetable waste as a carbon source on the abundance of Daphnia and determine the best type of vegetable waste for the cultivation of Daphnia. The research method was an experimental method using 3 (three) different vegetables, namely spinach, mustard greens, and cabbage. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with 4 (four) treatments in the form of different vegetables and control and the test sample was repeated 3 (three) times. The growth of Daphnia was observed for 16 days of cultivation time. The results showed that the provision of vegetables affected the population growth of Daphnia. Spinach (P3) was the treatment with the highest growth value, which average growth was sebanyak 96,67 individual (ind) of Daphnia with a specific growth rate of 0.055%. The temperature in Daphnia culture media generally ranged from 25-27℃, while the pH in Daphnia culture media showed a value of 7.4-9.5. The results of PCA analysis showed that water temperature was a variable that was strongly correlated with the growth of Daphnia.
ANALYSIS OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS GLYCOPROTEIN 160 AS A VACCINE CANDIDATE FOR B CELL EPITOPE OF ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME
Authors: Suryani Yani
Published: October 2023

An in silico study was conducted to analyze the potential of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) glycoprotein 160 as a candidate source of B cell subunit (epitope) vaccine for Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). The method used was immunoinformatics. The tools used were a set of laptop device, uniprot application, IEDB AR application and ToxinPred application. The materials used were glycoprotein sequences. The analysis results showed that there were 4 candidate peptides for B cell subunit (epitope) vaccines for AIDS, namely MRVMGIQ (Methionine, Arginine, Valine, Methionine, Glycine, Isoleucine, Glutamine, NMWKNNM (Asparagine, Methionine, Tryptophan, Lysine, Asparagine, Asparagine, Methionine), EIMGDIR (Glutamate, Isoleucine, Methionine, Glycine, Aspartic Acid, Isoleucine, and Arginine) and MWQRVGQ (Methionine, Tryptophan, Glutamine, Arginine, Valine, Glycine and Glutamine). All peptides are non-toxic so they are safe for the body
AKTIVITAS XILANASE DARI Bacillus altitudinis YANG DIPRODUKSI DENGAN VARIASI WAKTU INKUBASI DAN KONDISI PENGUJIAN pH NETRAL DAN ALKALIN
Authors: Saputra Sugiyono , Hanoum Alida , Mulyadi Mulyadi , Dinoto Achmad
Published: October 2023

Xylanases are hydrolytic enzymes which randomly cleave the β-1,4 backbone of the complex plant cell wall polysaccharide xylan. In this study, we investigate the extracellular enzyme activity of three strains of Bacillus altitudinis which produced with various production times in neutral (pH 7) and alkaline (pH 9) conditions. Crude enzyme was obtained from inoculated production medium containing 2% w/v xylan after six different time of incubations, including 0, 24, 48, 72, 96 and 120 hours.  The stationary phase of those three strains was observed after 72 hours of incubation, in accordance with significant increase of xylanase activity both in neutral and alkaline assay conditions. However, the highest of xylanase activity was obtained after 92 hours of incubation, in all three bacterial strains tested. A thin layer chromatography (TLC) was performed, and it confirmed that the crudes enzymes was able to breakdown the xylan into oligosaccharides. A higher activity of xylanase was obtained in alkaline condition but not significantly different between those two conditions. B. altitudinis KBX08 has the highest xylanase activity (46.9U/ml) which produced after 96 hours of incubation, indicating their potential for further development as xylanase producer.
POTENSI MINYAK ATSIRI DAUN ANDALIMAN (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) SEBAGAI ANTIVIRUS CORONA BERDASARKAN PENAMBATAN MOLEKUL
Authors: Kintamani Endang , Batubara Irmanida , Kusmana Cecep , Tiryana Tatang , Mirmanto Edi , Awaludin Fikry
Published: October 2023

Andaliman (Zanthoxylum acanthopodium) plant, a unique spice in the Batak tribe limited only to the fruit. The leaves available most of the time and consisting of essential oils, there are no research has been conducted on molecular docking to determine the potential of the drug. The Covid-19 pandemic is still ongoing, so information as Corona antivirus is needed. This study aims to find the differences of chemical components from Andaliman leaves essential oil, classify the varieties, and get potential components as Corona antivirals based on molecular docking. The Andaliman leaves were collected from North Tapanuli District, than isolated using water distillation and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Data analysis using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) with the XL stat 2020. The results showed that three varieties of Andaliman, Siholpu, Siganjangpat, and Variety three are not grouped in one quadrant. There are 53 compounds were detected. The dominant chemical compounds in all varieties are D-Limonene (Siganjangpat: 87.7%, Siholpu: 50.4%, and Variety three: 42.6%). Each variety is characterized by specific compounds, Siholpu by caryophyllene and sabinene; Singanjangpat by D-Limonene; Variety three by neryl acetate and 1,8-cinneol. The chemical component in Andaliman leaves that most potent as Corona antiviral is beta-caryophyllene in the Siholpu variety.
AKTIVITAS DAN KARAKTERISASI MIKOSIN ANTI Zygosaccharomyces rouxii FNCC 3006 DARI ISOLAT KHAMIR OSMOFILIK ASAL NEKTAR BUNGA DAN MADU
Authors: Janah Sovia Nur , Ilmi Miftahul
Published: October 2023

Makanan berkadar gula tinggi (40-70%) dapat terkontaminasi oleh Zygosaccharomyces rouxii yang toleran terhadap tekanan osmotik, asam, alkohol, serta tahan terhadap bahan preservatif makanan. Salah satu cara menghambat pertumbuhan Z. rouxii adalah dengan memberikan mikosin anti Z. rouxii. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui aktivitas dan karakterisasi mikosin anti Z. rouxii dari isolat khamir osmofilik. Penapisan aktivitas antagonistik dari isolat khamir osmofilik dilakukan dengan metode Colony Picking dan penapisan aktivitas ekstrak kasar dilakukan dengan Disk Diffusion Assay. Zona jernih yang terbentuk diukur untuk menentukan aktivitasnya dengan menggunakan indeks penghambatan (IP). Setelah itu dilakukan pengukuran berat kering sel dan karakterisasi mikosin menggunakan SDS PAGE. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 10 isolat khamir osmofilik yang menghasilkan aktivitas antagonistik terhadap Z. rouxii yaitu isolat AP 1, PS 1.1, LW 1.1, BK 3.2, MR 3.2, AP 3, KS 1, dan TL 2.2 yang diisolasi dari madu, isolat BL 8.21 dan BL 8.22 yang diisolasi dari nektar bunga. Aktivitas ekstrak kasar mikosin anti Z. rouxii paling tinggi yaitu isolat LW 1.1 dengan nilai IP 1,28.  Isolat paling efektif untuk menghambat pertumbuhan dari Z. rouxii adalah isolat LW 1.1, diperoleh nilai perbandingan zona hambat dengan berat kering yaitu 442,099. Isolat LW 1.1 menghasilkan anti-Z. rouxii dengan berat molekul antara 12,88 kDa sampai 72,92 kDa. Disimpulkan bahwa isolat LW 1.1 dapat dijadikan sumber penghasil mikosin anti-Z. rouxii yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai agen biokontrol dalam produk makanan.
TREN PERDAGANGAN MONYET EKOR PANJANG (Macaca fascicularis) PERIODE 2000 – 2019
Authors: Zafira Rahmania Wanda , Atikah Tika Dewi , Megantara Erri Noviar , Inayah Nurul , Hamidy Amir
Published: October 2023

Perdagangan satwa liar merupakan aktivitas manusia yang mempercepat kepunahan keanekaragaman hayati. Monyet ekor panjang (Macaca fascicularis) termasuk salah satu jenis mamalia yang paling banyak diperdagangkan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tren perdagangan dan kemitraan perdagangan M. fascicularis secara global periode 2000–2019. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan pengumpulan data secara studi kepustakaan. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif terhadap permasalahan yang diselidiki. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa selama  periode 2000–2019 tercatat 3.111 insiden perdagangan. Tren perdagangan M. fascicularis berkode sumber tangkapan dari alam (W) secara umum mengalami penurunan, sedangkan perdagangan berkode sumber penangkaran (C), anakan (F), dan ranching (R) secara umum bervariasi. Mauritius menjadi negara eksportir M. fascicularis berkode tangkapan dari alam (W) dan anakan (F) tertinggi, sedangkan negara pengekspor tertinggi hasil penangkaran (C) adalah Cina dan Vietnam. Amerika Serikat merupakan negara paling konsumtif sebagai importir maupun re-eksportir dan memiliki banyak mitra perdagangan dalam pasar M. fascicularis ini. Indonesia aktif melakukan perdagangan terutama dengan kode sumber penangkaran (C) dan bermitra dengan Amerika Serikat, Taiwan, dan Singapura.
Response of Local Cowpea Varieties Southwest Maluku to Drought Stress on Germination Phase
Authors: Karuwal Ritha Lusian , Sinay Hermalina
Published: October 2023

Drought stress is one of the agricultural problem, especially in dry land. Respone to drought stress of local cowpea varieties Southwest Maluku on germination phase had not been conducted. The aim of this study was to evaluate response of local cowpea varities to drought stress on germination phase. The research was using seven of local varieties (KM1, KM3, KM4, KM6, KM7, KM8, KM9) from Kisar island and three cultivars from ILETRI Malang. Treatment of drought stress were consist of watering period every twice days (P0) and five day (P1) was replicated three times. Sprout number, final germination percent, sprout length, sprout weight, vigor index and prolin content in root were observed. Data were analyzed using ANOVA, followed by DMRT at 5%. The results showed that treatment of every five day inhibit germination at all varieties. KM1, KM4, KM6 varieties has the highest value on all parameter. There are positive correlation which significant between of the observation parameter. Principal component analysis to clustering in two main cluster. Early selection of drought tolerance at germination phase very need to breeding plant in effort of the suistainble development and utilization.
TRANSFORMASI PLASMID REKOMBINAN pRI_101-AN MEMBAWA SISIPAN GEN cryIII MELALUI Agrobacterium tumefaciens
Authors: Wahyuni Febriana Dwi , Sidiq Muhamad Amza , Seprianto Seprianto , Saraswati Henny
Published: October 2023

Sweet potato is a plant that give many benefits because of its high carbohydrate content and is an alternative food source. Behind the benefits of sweet potatoes, there is a threat of pest attack that can cause a decrease in production of up to 19.91%. Sweet potato weevil attack on the leaves, stalks, stems, and tubers. The solution to against this pest attack is by engineering using the cry III gene mediated by A. tumefaciens. The aim of this study was to transform a recombinant plasmid carrying the insertion of the cry III gene into A. tumefaciens cells. The results showed that the recombinant plasmid pRI_101-AN carrying the insertion of the cry III gene was successfully transformed into A. tumefaciens cells by electroporation method by producing 36 recombinant clones on LB media with neomycin and kanamycin antibiotics. Results of colony PCR, DNA bands measuring 1900 bp were successfully amplified using gene-specific primers. Results of the isolation of plasmid DNA bands measuring 12000 bp were obtained from the results of electrophoresis. This size corresponds to the recombinant plasmid pRI_101-AN-cry III.
KEANEKARAGAMAN DAN KETIDAKNORMALAN MORFOLOGI PADA KOMUNITAS KOPEPODA (KRUSTASEA) DI PERAIRAN MUARA ANGKE DAN TANJUNG PASIR, TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Mulyadi Mulyadi , Hernawati Rena Tri
Published: October 2023

An observation on Copepoda diversity, abundance, and distribution in two mangrove areas in Jakarta Bay was carried out in May-June and September-October 2011. The objective of this observation was to investigate the relationship between diversity and abundance of copepods with some environmental factors which affected the distribution on dry and rainy seasons. A total 47 species from 26 genera, 20 families and 6 orders of copepods were recorded, including 3 new species, Calanopia asymmetrica Mulyadi & Ueda, 1996; Labidocera javaensis Mulyadi, 1997, and Pontella vervoorti Mulyadi, 2003, and 10 new records. The highest species richness occurred in the rainy season in Tanjung Pasir with 35 species, but the diversity index was very visible in Muara Angke, where during the rainy season the dominance index was high (0.2074), while the dry season had a high diversity index (Simpson 0.9481 and Shannon 3,279). Morphological abnormalities were found in the anal segment of the abdomen.
ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF MARINE BACTERIA FROM KARIMUN ISLAND, INDONESIA
Authors: Setiawan Ruby , Putri Ade Lia , Kusmiati Mia
Published: October 2023

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is becoming a major global crisis in the public healthcare system. One of the issues is the misuse of antimicrobials that will accelerate the AMR phenomenon. Discovering new antimicrobial compounds from various sources and places is an alternative way to resolve this problem. Marine bacteria were known as a new promising source for bioactive compounds. The marine bacteria were isolated from marine sediment using 1/5 NBRC 802 agar and seawater agar supplemented with 10mM NH4Cl. All isolates were subjected to antagonistic activity against Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus using the disk diffusion method. The selected isolates were then identified based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence. A total of 65 bacterial isolates have been successfully isolated from the seawater and marine sediment from Karimun Island. Of the 65 isolates, 12 isolates showed activity against tested bacteria; seven isolates against B. subtilis, two isolates against S. aureus, one isolate against E. coli, one isolate against B. subtilis and S. aureus, and one isolate against S. aureus and E. coli. The 16S rDNA sequences showed that the selected isolates belong to Cellulosimicrobium funkei, Gordonia sp., Kocuria salina, Micrococcus aloeverae, Micromonospora aurantiaca, Mumia sp., Nocardioides sp., and Pseudoalteromonas shioyasakiensis. Most of the isolates with antibacterial activity were identified as Actinobacteria and one isolate from the Gammaproteobacteria. Isolate KRSd2(2) shared 97,79% identity with Gordonia bronchialis. Further, a taxonomical study of the isolate compared with known species and chemical analysis of bioactive compounds are needed.
Metaplastic Carcinoma Masquerading as Tuberculous Mastitis – An Interesting Case Report
Authors: Kumaran Chinnappa  , Sangeetha N.
Published: October 2023

Metaplastic carcinoma is a diverse subgroup of invasive breast cancer (IBC) characterised by differentiation of the neoplastic epithelium into squamous cells and/or mesenchymal-looking components, such as but not limited to spindle, chondroid and osseous cells. [1] The clinical characteristics are comparable to those of ER-negative IBC of no special type (NST), although they are more likely to present at an advanced stage. The aetiology is complicated and doesn't seem to be different from IBC-NST (especially the triple-negative subtype). [2] They account for 0.2-1 % of all IBCs. This variation in prevalence stems from the different definitions of metaplastic carcinoma used by different authors.
Hyperammonemia Encephalopathy due to Urea Cycle Disorder Precipitated by Gastrointestinal Bleed in the Setting of Prior Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Loeffler Jeffrey , Elfiky Ahmed , Ravindran Nishal , Al Moussawi Hassan
Published: October 2023

The urea cycle is a metabolic pathway that excretes nitrogenous waste products from the body. Urea cycle disorders (UCDs) result from enzymatic deficiencies within this pathway, which can lead to life-threatening hyperammonemia. Gastric bypass-related hyperammonemia in patients who have undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery has been previously reported. UCDs have been implicated as a cause of gastric bypass-related hyperammonemia. In this report, we present the case of a patient with a history of bariatric surgery who experienced severe hyperammonemia encephalopathy triggered by a gastrointestinal bleed due to an undiagnosed UCD.
Disseminated Histoplasmosis Presenting as Obstructive Jaundice
Authors: Numan Laith , Hayajneh Wail A. , Kiwan Wissam
Published: October 2023

Gastrointestinal manifestations in systemic fungal infection are not uncommon; however, obstructive jaundice due to lymphadenopathy is considered rare. We present a case of a 16-year-old male patient who presented with painless jaundice. Laboratory tests revealed direct hyperbilirubinemia with cholestatic liver injury. Chest and abdominal computed tomography showed mediastinal and porta hepatis lymphadenopathy, with severe biliary ductal dilatation proximal to an obstructing lymph node near the head of the pancreas. Endoscopic ultrasound showed a 22 × 35-mm lymph node with a mass effect on the common bile duct leading to obstructive jaundice. Infectious workup confirmed the diagnosis of disseminated histoplasmosis.
State SUNucate Laws, the Popularity of Google Searches for Terms Related to Sun Protection, and Youth Sunscreen Use
Authors:   Vanderbilt University, Carpenter Christopher , Marcus Michelle , Chren Mary-Margaret , Churchill Brandyn
Published: October 2023

Objective: Our objective was to determine whether state SUNucate laws – which have been adopted by 27 states and require schools to permit youths to carry and apply sunscreen on school grounds – were associated with changes in Google Search behavior for words and phrases related to sun protection as well as self-reported sunscreen use by youths. Methods: This was an observational study examining: (1) Google Trends search popularity for terms such as "sunscreen" and "SPF" by state, month, and year for 2004-2022; and (2) self-reported sunscreen use by high school youth in the national Youth Risk Behavior Survey during 2009-2019. Results: State SUNucate laws were associated with increased Google search popularity of terms related to sun protection. Google search popularity for ‘sunscreen’ increased by 27.2% (95% CI 12.67% to 41.7%; p < .001). State SUNucate laws were also associated with increased sunscreen use among high school youths by 8.3% (95% CI 0.014% to 15.0%; p < .05). Conclusion: State SUNucate laws may be effective tools for increasing population search behavior for sun protection terms and youth sunscreen use.
Provider Perceptions of Attitudes toward People who Inject Drugs and Treatment Services among Community Members, Service Providers, and Law Enforcement Officials
Authors: Wilke Joshua , Kaya Cahit , Akhtar Wajiha , Bull William , Krechel Sarah , Brown Randall , Westergaard Ryan , Seal David
Published: October 2023

Objective: People who inject drugs (PWIDs) often face stigma, leading to barriers in accessing healthcare and may contribute to negative health outcomes. The objective of this study was to understand and describe the manifestations of stigma toward PWIDs and their impact on the utilization of essential prevention services. Methods: We interviewed 44 persons knowledgeable about PWIDs’ healthcare needs. Interviews explored perceptions of the community, healthcare service providers, law enforcement attitudes toward PWIDs, and treatment services. Results: Respondents believed that the community generally has stigmatizing attitudes towards PWIDs; treatment program personnel and healthcare providers have less stigmatized attitudes but could benefit from more education and training on drug use and addiction. Conclusions: Education and training on stigma and its negative impact on the lives of PWIDs for K-12 students and for healthcare professionals (eg, treatment options, harm reduction strategies) might mitigate stigma toward PWIDs and improve access to services and outcomes.
Using Behavioral Economics to Predict Sensitivity to Moral Injury in Military Recruits: Validation of the Moral Injury Purchase Task
Authors: McDaniel Justin , McDaniel Michelle , Redner Ryan , Jacobs Eric , Crunk Ian
Published: October 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to validate the Moral Injury Purchase Task, a novel behavioral economic tool, and to understand military recruits’ sensitivity to morally injurious events. Methods: Participants (N = 26) read a scenario that could prompt hypothetical feelings of moral injury and then reported the number of years they would purchase services – at varying price points – to help forget their experiences in war. Participants also completed the Moral Injury Events Scale (MIES). We calculated various demand indices and developed demand curves for military recruits and service/members veterans using Koffarnus et al’s equation. Results: Results showed that the demand curves for the 2 populations were not significantly different (F1, 438 = 5.30, p = .07) and the coefficient of determination was satisfactory when modeled on the entire sample (R2 = .90). MIES scores were positively associated with participants’ Pmax values (p = .03), providing preliminary evidence of convergent validity. Conclusions: This study provides initial evidence of the utility of using behavioral economics to assist in identifying recruits’ susceptibility to moral injury and thereby better target preventive services.