bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Defect Passivation of Hafnium Oxide Ferroelectric Tunnel Junction Using Forming Gas Annealing for Neuromorphic Applications
Authors: Nguyen Manh-Cuong , Min Kyung Kyu , Shin Wonjun Kyu , Yim Jiyong , Choi Rino , Kwon Daewoong
Published: November 2024

Forming gas annealing (FGA) is applied to HfOx ferroelectric tunnel junction (FTJ) synaptic devices to passivate defects and reduce trap-assisted-tunneling (TAT). Without FGA, TAT caused by defects in metal–ferroelectric–insulator–semiconductor (MFIS) FTJ stack dominates the conduction mechanism in FTJs and results in no memory window (MW). The reduction of defects or TAT after FGA reveals the effect of polarization switching on the FTJ performance. Consequently, linear/symmetric potentiation and depression (P/D) characteristics of FTJ after FGA with stable repeatability are obtained. Owing to the FGA-induced linearity and symmetricity of P/D, a learning accuracy of approximately 90% is achieved via pattern recognition simulations utilizing HfOx FTJ crossbar.
Parents' Information Needs and Perceptions of Chatbots for Self-Medicating Their Children: A Descriptive Qualitative Study
Authors: Wei Xueyi , Chen Xiuwen , Yue Liqing , Liao Peng
Published: November 2024

This qualitative study aimed to better understand parents’ information needs and perceptions of chatbots for self-medicating their children and developing chatbots for self-medication. A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews were conducted with parents with at least one child between October 2023 and December 2023. The interview data were analysed using a thematic analysis method. A total of 26 participants were interviewed by trained interviewers. Four key themes were identified: 1) Multiple information needs for self-medication; 2) Factors promoting the use of chatbots in self-medication; 3) Factors hindering the use of chatbots in self-medication; and 4) Expectations and suggestions for chatbots design. This study provides a detailed understanding of parents' information needs for self-medicating their children, as well as barriers and facilitators to using chatbots, informing the future design of conversational interfaces that could help improve parents' practice of self-medicating their children.
Results of round-robin testing for determining capillarity properties of vegetal concrete
Authors: Sandrine Marceau , Picandet Vincent , Gloria M’hamed Yassin Rajiv da
Published: November 2024

This study aims at presenting a new proposal to perform the water capillary absorption test of hemp concretes, and to establish the parameters useful for analyzing the obtained results. Based on the standards of traditional materials, such as concrete and mortar, a protocol was proposed and executed by 8 laboratories through a round robin test. Homogeneous hemp concrete cubic specimens of edge 150 mm were cast, distributed to the laboratories, where they were conditioned before being submitted to the test. By adopting the new test procedure, it was possible to obtain consistent results after analyzing in both square root of time and log-time regimes. For each regime, two parameters couples CA and k (square root of time regime), IRA and K1 (log-time regime) were used to compare the obtained data, and validate successfully the round robin test.
Changes in Lung mechanics with High-Flow Nasal Cannula compared to nasal CPAP in Preterm Infants
Authors: Katheria Anup , Ines Felix , Hough Judith , Rich Wade , Morales Ana , Sanjay Shashank , Poeltler Debra , Finer Neil
Published: November 2024

Objective: To compare the degree of atelectasis in preterm infants on nasal continuous airway pressure (nCPAP) versus high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) at 8 L/min.
Study Design: A cross-over study of preterm infants <29 weeks gestational age (GA) receiving nCPAP and underwent 6-hours of HFNC at 8 L/min before returning to nCPAP. Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) was used to measure lung mechanics in dependent silent spaces (DSS), end-expiratory lung volume (EELV), ventral/dorsal center of ventilation (CoV-VD), and relative tidal stretch.
Results: 80 infants were recruited. There were no differences in estimated marginal mean measurements of DSS (p=0.76), EELV (p=0.68), CoV-VD (p=0.05), and relative tidal stretch (p=0.42) between respiratory support modes.
Conclusion: This study of premature infants <29 weeks GA at birth demonstrated no significant difference in DSS. EIT was able to detect real-time changes in the distribution of ventilation which may allow clinicians to identify infants at substantial risk to failure.
ClinicalTrials.gov ID: NCT03700606
Investigating the improvement of the quality of heavy crude oil and reducing the concentration of asphaltene hydrocarbons using microwaves radiation during acidizing based on hydrochloric acid
Authors: Tanhaei Hadi , Dehaghani Amir Hossein Saeedi
Published: November 2024

Acidizing boosts well production, while microwave radiation techniques and hybrid methods are emerging to enhance hydrocarbon extraction and oil production efficiency. In this research, the interaction between microwave radiation and working acid on crude oil was systematically investigated. Crude oil samples were positioned adjacent to an acid solution and subsequently subjected to microwave radiation at power levels of 1300 watt(100% Microwave) and 780 watt (60% Microwave) for durations of 1, 2, and 3 minutes. A comprehensive suite of analyses was performed, including viscometric assessments, interfacial tension measurements, density measurements, asphaltene quantification via extraction tests, sludge analysis, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, pH measurements, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The results indicate that the polarity of both the crude oil and the acid solution enhances the absorption of microwave radiation. FTIR analysis revealed an increase in polar functional groups relative to non-polar groups, suggesting significant molecular interactions, which NMR test also proves this trend. Furthermore, viscometric and surface tension tests demonstrated that increased polarity correlates with enhanced microwave absorption. The combined method, which is characterized by the simultaneous presence of polar acid solution and an electromagnetic field, led to alternating fluctuations (increase and decrease) of surface tension, viscosity, density, pH, and sludge during the tested process. It also caused a decrease in the concentration of asphaltene hydrocarbons, The reason for these intermittent changes is the simultaneous effects of changes in the strength of acid solutions and increasing or decreasing the power of microwave radiation at a certain time.
The Relationship of α-Klotho Level with Vitamin D, Calcium, Phosphorus and Parathyroid Hormone in the Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Dogan Burcu , Toçoğlu Aysel , Tuzun Sabah , Akçay Ülkü , Altaş Ayfer , Gönüllü Emel , Tamer Ali
Published: November 2024

This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between -klotho levels and 25(OH)-vitamin D, calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) patients.
Eighty-five patients aged 18-65, admitted to outpatient clinics between August 1 and September 1, 2019, were included. Patients with AS for at least 5 years (32, 37.6%) were assigned to the AS group, while those without known diseases (53, 62.4%) were placed in the healthy group. The -klotho level was 0.60 [0.33] ng/mL in the AS group and 0.68 [1.59] ng/mL in the healthy group (p=0.209). In the AS group, those with vitamin D deficiency had a klotho level of 0.599 [1.751] ng/mL, compared to 0.605 [0.499] ng/mL in those without (p=0.952). In the healthy group, levels were 1.309 [10.110] ng/mL and 0.641 [0.879] ng/mL, respectively (p=0.195). No significant relationships were found between -klotho levels and vitamin D, PTH, calcium, phosphorus, or ALP in either group. Although some studies suggest a link between vitamin D and -klotho, further research is needed.
A Sustainable Risk Assessment Method for Workers With Disabilities – An ICT-Based Tool to Help SMEs Managers
Authors: TRIFU Alina , DARABONT Doru Costin , CIOCÎRLEA Vicentiu , IVAN Iulian Madalin , BADEA Daniel Onuț
Published: November 2024

Sustainability and workplace safety are deeply interconnected, both playing a crucial role in fostering a healthy and responsible work environment. In the realm of workplace safety, sustainability encompasses practices and policies designed to protect employee well-being, safeguard the environment, and ensure the organization's long-term success. Also, the metalwork welding industry is dominated by small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that do not have full-time staff for occupational health and safety and, as is well known, industry-wide, that occupational accident and disease rates are often twice as high among SMEs compared to large enterprises. Furthermore, considering that the issue of workers with disabilities in very rare approached in the OSH world, the authors of the paper responds to the needs of such small and medium-sized enterprises by proposing a risk assessment method that is addressed to managers and staff with attributions regarding occupational safety and health of disabled workers in SMEs where welding activities are carried out, to help them identify the risks and to know what measures must be taken.
Preparation and adsorption properties of microsphere geopolymers based on calcium carbide slag-fly ash
Authors: Liao Yinnian , Ma Xiaoqing , Zou Jinchi , Zhao Mengqi , Chen Dejun , Xu Dayu
Published: November 2024

In this work, using fly ash and calcium carbide slag as mixed precursors, hydrogen peroxide and sodium dodecyl sulfate as mixed foaming agents, porous microsphere geopolymer was prepared by suspension curing technology to remove Cu (II) from aqueous solution. Because the Ca (OH) 2 in calcium carbide slag effectively improves the pozzolana activity of fly ash, more C-S-H gel is produced in the geopolymerization process, and the foaming process makes the material have larger specific surface area and better adsorption properties. The results show that the specific surface area of the material is 63.46 m2·g-1, the product regeneration rate is 83.20%, the optimal adsorption conditions are pH = 5, and the adsorption capacity was 118.48 mg·g-1. At the same time, it is found that the pseudo-first-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model can be applied to adsorption kinetics and isothermal adsorption respectively. Adsorption mechanisms may include physisorption and chemisorption. The adsorption capacity of this product for Cu(II) is better than that of other similar products, which has great potential in the field of heavy metal adsorption and provides a new idea for the resourceful use of industrial by-products.
Feasibility of Self-Expanding Transcatheter Pulmonary Valves in Patients with Pyramidal RVOT: Favorable Mid-term Outcomes
Authors: Zhu Wenhao , Xia Zhiyuan , Kai Jeffrey Chan Shi , Wan Junyi , Xu Liang , Li Yihang , Zhang Jingnan , Tse Gary , Fang Fang , Zhang Gejun
Published: November 2024

Background
Transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement (TPVR) has been acknowledged as a common and beneficial treatment for significant pulmonary regurgitation (PR), but data are still lacking about the mid-term effects of self-expanding valve implantation in patients with pyramidal right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT).
Methods
This study was a multicenter retrospective analysis involving consecutive patients who underwent intentional TPVR between May 27, 2014, and September 14, 2023. Baseline characteristics and immediate/mid-term echocardiographic variables were gathered and compared among patients with pyramidal RVOT and those with other RVOT configurations. The primary endpoint of immediate device success rate and secondary endpoint within one year post-procedure were also evaluated in both groups.
Results
A total of 68 patients were enrolled in the study. The primary endpoint showed a marginal difference between the two groups, with a significance level of P = 0.067 (86.7% in the pyramid-type group versus 100% in other types). At 1-year follow-up, the secondary endpoint demonstrated no intergroup differences in outcome (91.7% versus 86.0%; P = 0.605). Echocardiographic improvement and mid-term clinical outcomes were comparable in both groups (all P > 0.05). However, prosthesis valves implanted in pyramidal RVOT were observed to be more prone to developing trivial regurgitation within the first month (6 out of 11, 54.5% versus 7 out of 45, 15.6%; P = 0.016).
Conclusions
Despite slightly lower immediate device success rates, the outcomes of Venus P-Valve implantation in pyramidal RVOT were not only acceptable but favorable during mid-term echocardiographic and clinical follow-up. The utilization of self-expanding valves has significantly broadened the indications for TPVR, necessitating specific morphology assessments to better guide future procedures.
Fostering Collaboration: An Interprofessional Quality Improvement and Patient Safety Workshop for Medical, Physician Assistant, Nursing, and Pharmacy Students
Authors: Lin Doris , Caruso Andrew , Gay Lindsey , Keyes Sarah-Ann , Gill Anne , Sankar Vaishnavi , Wang Emily , Hatfield Catherine , Zhou Yuanyuan
Published: November 2024

Introduction
Quality improvement and patient safety (QI/PS) education is required for medical, nursing, pharmacy, and physician assistant students. Interprofessional education (IPE) provides an excellent collaborative opportunity to teach the core concepts of this topic. However, implementing a successful interprofessional activity is often challenging due to complex curricular and scheduling differences. To meet this need, we implemented a case-based interactive workshop educating students from the four disciplines on process mapping, fishbone diagrams, creating aim statements, and implementing plan-do-study-act (PDSA) cycles.
Methods
From November 2020 to April 2023, students participated in an interprofessional QI/PS workshop. After the session, students voluntarily completed a survey assessing the importance of QI/PS knowledge, their understanding of the roles and responsibilities of each profession, and the impact of interprofessional collaboration on QI/PS.
Results
A total of 445 students participated in the survey. 90% rated QI/PS knowledge as either “very important” or “extremely important.” A good majority also understood the various professions’ roles and responsibilities, although differences were noted when analyzing across disciplines. Following the workshop, an overwhelming majority also understood the impacts of interprofessional collaboration.
Conclusion
This interprofessional training activity offered students a meaningful opportunity to collaborate with other disciplines to learn the fundamentals of QI/PS while meeting the core competencies of teamwork, communication, and understanding of roles and responsibilities. These are skills they can utilize now and throughout their careers in clinical practice.
Real World Efficacy of Naltrexone/Bupropion for Weight Management in Obesity and After Bariatric Surgery
Authors: Vangoitsenhoven Roman , Yskout Marie , Hoste Jarne , Steenackers Nele , Pazmino sofia , Simoens Caroline , Mattelaer Nele , Deleus Ellen , Lannoo Matthias , Mertens Ann , Vanderschueren Bart
Published: November 2024

Background
Insufficient weight loss or weight regain after metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) is frequent, and the evidence to support the use of pharmacotherapy for weight management is limited.
Methods
In this single-centre retrospective cohort study, the effectiveness of naltrexone/bupropion (NB) for weight control in surgery-naive and post-MBS patients was evaluated. Data was collected between 2016 and 2022 on all consecutive patients started on NB after multidisciplinary consult. Patients received weekly dose escalation up to 32/360 mg daily per the manufacturer’s protocol, with submaximal doses administered in cases of adverse effects or sufficient therapeutic response. Weight evolution, metabolic status, adherence and adverse events were analysed at 4 and 12 months after NB initiation. Data are presented as median (interquartile range).
Results
A total of 153 patients initiated NB therapy, including 111 who were surgery-naive, and 42 with prior MBS. The median time after MBS was 7.7 years (4.3, 15.3). Among the post-MBS patients, 18 (42.9%) patients had undergone Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and 11 (26.2%) sleeve gastrectomy. At 4 months after initiation of NB, 46.8% of the surgery-naive patients and 66.7% of the post-MBS patients remained using NB, with a median weight loss of 6.4% (3.0, 10.1) and 6.1% (2.4, 2.0) respectively. At 12-months, 38.5% of surgery-naive patients and 60.7% of post-MBS patients had continued NB, with median weight loss of 8.8% (5.0, 16.7) and 11.1% (4.7, 19.8) respectively. There was no statistically significant difference in weight loss between the surgery-naive and post-MBS group. Weight loss was not significantly influenced by whether the maximal dose was reached in both the surgery-naive patients (p = 0.38) and the post-MBS patients (p = 0.61).
Conclusion
Real-world data show that NB treatment is equally effective in surgery-naive patients and in patients experiencing weight regain after bariatric surgery, regardless of the maximal dose administered.
Maximizing Government Revenue: The Search for the Optimal Cigarette Excise Rate in Indonesia
Authors: Rianto Wahyu Hidayat , Suliswa Muhammad Sri Wahyudi , Sulistyono Setyo Wahyu , Rusdianasari Fitri , Anindyntha Firdha Aksari
Published: November 2024

This research aims to determine the optimal cigarette excise rate to maximize state revenues in Indonesia. Using secondary data from various sources, this research analyses the relationship between cigarette excise rates and state revenues using the panel data regression method. The results of this research show that the increase in cigarette excise rates has a significant positive impact on cigarette excise revenues in Indonesia. However, this research simulation also shows that at very high excise levels, state revenues can begin to decline.
Gingipain regulates isoform switches of PD-L1 in macrophages infected with Porphyromonas gingivalis
Authors: Zheng Yilin , Wang Ziyi , Weng Yao , Sitosari Heriati , He Yuhan , Zhang Xiu , Shiotsu Noriko , Fukuhara Yoko , Ikegame Mika , Okamura Hirohiko
Published: November 2024

Periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis(Pg) is believed to possess immune evasion capabilities, but it remains unclear whether this immune evasion is related to host gene alternative splicing (AS). In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) revealed significant changes in both AS landscape and transcriptomic profile of macrophages following Pg infection with/without knockout of gingipain (a unique toxic protease of Pg). Pg infection increased the programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) transcripts expression and selectively upregulated a specific coding isoform that more effectively binds to programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) receptors on T cells, thereby inhibiting immune function. Biological experiments confirmed these results and demonstrated that the AS switch of PD-L1 was gingipain-dependent. AlphaFold 3 predictions indicated that the protein docking compatibility between PD-1 and Pg-upregulated PD-L1 isoform was over 80% higher than another coding isoform. These findings suggest that Pg employs gingipain to modulate the AS of PD-L1, facilitating immune evasion.
Evaluation of Precursor MicroRNA (Pre-miRNA) as A Powerful Tool for Robust CHO Production Cell Line Platform Development
Authors: Gao Li , Li Xiaohong , Zhang Mengxin , Li Bin , Miao Xiuxiu , Yu Chao , Guo Wei , Zhang Cuiqiao , He Xiangyuan , Huang Kaisheng , Qian Zichen
Published: November 2024

Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells are the most commonly accepted host for the commercial production of recombinant therapeutic proteins. The fast-growing demand for large quantities of biologics at controllable cost-of-goods requires continuous cell engineering and process optimization of the CHO host cells. The application of microRNAs (miRNAs) has been proved to increase recombinant protein production in CHO cells. Studies have demonstrated that transient over-expression of certain miRNAs can increase the yield of recombinant proteins in CHO cells, but few of them have been applied to stable cell line development. Moreover, the comprehensive study of how different miRNAs could influence the CHO productivity is still lacking. In this study, Three overexpression forms of multiple miRNAs, including primary-miRNA (pri-miRNAs), precursor-miRNA (pre-miRNAs), and mature miRNAs with flanking were evaluated for conventionally more difficult to express proteins. Results suggested that the pre-miRNA overexpression strategy is more effective, and overexpression of premiR-92a, premiR-200a, premiR-483, and premiR-106b significantly increased the expression level of BsAb and fusion protein without diminishing the product quality. Further clone evaluation of the premiR-92a and premiR-483 over-expression groups suggested that the average clone titer level was improved, and those high-expresser clones were stable. In conclusion, our study demonstrated that co-expressing pre-miRNA and recombinant protein is a valuable vector engineering strategy towards building a robust stable CHO expression platform.
Fungal glutaminases: Production, optimization, and purification with antimicrobial activities of L- glutaminase from novel isolate Aspergillus tamarii AUMC 10198 under solid-state fermentation
Authors: Youssef Ghada A. , Zaid Maii S. , Youssef Amany S. , El-Aassar Samy
Published: November 2024

Introduction Fungal L-glutaminase has garnered significant attention in recent times with respect to its possible applications in the field of medical therapy and biotechnology. The principal aim of this research was to pick out microbial strains that can efficiently produce L-glutaminase from agricultural by-products under solid-state fermentation (SSF). Various fungal isolates were screened for extracellular L-glutaminase production. During the fermentation process, numerous parameters were adjusted one variable at a time (OVAT) to increase L-glutaminase production. The L-glutaminase of Aspergillus tamarii AUMC 10198 was purified in three sequential stages. The properties of the purified enzyme and the antimicrobial efficiency were also fulfilled.
Results The potentiality of four out of fourteen fungal isolates served as indicators of the enzyme's productivity. The fungus Aspergillus tamarii AUMC 10198, designated with the GenBank accession number OQ976977, was determined to be the potent for estimating L-glutaminase synthesis, under SSF using wheat bran as a solid substrate. The solid-state yield of L-glutaminase exhibited a 3.20-fold increase in comparison to the unoptimized state. The Aspergillus tamarii AUMC 10198 L-glutaminase underwent three stages of purification, resulting in an increase in enzyme productivity by 12.90 times. Following these steps, the ultimate enzyme recovery was 18.45%. The isolated L-glutaminase exhibited optimal activity at a pH of 8, a temperature of 45 °C, and partial stability up to 60 °C, as determined by characterization. The purified L-glutaminase exhibited a Vmax of 10.10 U/ml and a Km of 0.28 mg/ml when glutamine was used as the substrate. The metal ions Fe2+, Ca2+, K+, Mg2+, and Na+ demonstrated significant enzyme-activating properties at a concentration of 0.01 M, resulting in an enhancement of L-glutaminase productivity. The antimicrobial activity indicates its capability for various therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications. Conclusion The present investigation revealed that the local fungal strain of Aspergillus tamarii AUMC10198 could potentially be utilized in the production of L-glutaminase for industrial applications from agricultural by-products.
Job satisfaction and influencing factors of medical staff participating in a free HPV vaccination program for school girls in Shenzhen, China
Authors: Song Danhong , Wu Dadong , Liu Peiyi , Zhao Fanghui , Wang Yueyun , Zhang Yong
Published: November 2024

Objectives
The aim of this study is to explore the job satisfaction of medical staff who participate in HPV vaccination, as well as the factors that influence their job satisfaction. This research can serve as a reference point for the advancement of free HPV vaccination operations.
Methods
A convenience sample strategy was used to distribute questionnaires to 545 medical staff members from HPV vaccination-related institutions in Shenzhen between June and October 2022.
Results
A total of 545 medical professionals involved in the HPV vaccination program in Shenzhen completed a survey, and the results showed that they were generally satisfied with their jobs (with a job satisfaction score of 45.60 ± 6.524). The items with the highest scores were "I like the people I work with" (4.07 ± 0.029), while the items with the lowest scores were "I have too much work to do" (1.97 ± 0.031). Multiple binary logistic regression analysis revealed that job satisfaction of medical staff participating in HPV vaccination in Shenzhen was influenced by after-tax annual income and years of work (p < 0.05).
Conclusion
The overall job satisfaction of medical staff participating in HPV vaccination work is satisfactory in Shenzhen. To further improve their job satisfaction, it is recommended that measures be taken to reduce their workload by actively applying information technology and flexible shift work methods.
Impact of underweight on patients with non-metastatic cancers receiving curative anticancer therapy; analysis of large oncology database in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Tashkandi Emad
Published: November 2024

Background
The impact of underweight and morbidity is complex and has not been thoroughly investigated in non-metastatic cancer patients undergoing curative anticancer therapy.
Objective
This study aimed to evaluate the impact of underweight status, compared to normal weight, on 30-day morbidity in patients with non-metastatic cancers receiving curative anticancer treatments
Methods
An observational, retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze 2,504 consecutive histologically confirmed cancer cases from March 1, 2020, to June 30, 2020, at the largest comprehensive cancer centers and outpatient clinics in Saudi Arabia.
Results
787 patients were analyzed to evaluate the impact of being underweight and morbidity. No significant differences were found in age (p = 0.764) or Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (p = 0.152) between underweight and normal-weight patients. However, a significant sex difference was observed, with more underweight patients being men (p < 0.001). The therapy type varied significantly, with underweight patients being less likely to receive hormonal (p = 0.05) or targeted therapy (p = 0.05). Underweight patients were more likely to receive intravenous therapy (p = 0.005). No significant differences were observed in the cancer stage distribution (p = 0.340) or curative treatment approach (p = 0.308). Morbidity within 30 days was significantly higher in underweight patients with increased rates of hospitalization (p = 0.023), emergency visits (p = 0.034), and chemotherapy dose reductions (p = 0.004).
Conclusion
Underweight patients may be more vulnerable to adverse outcomes during treatment, with a greater risk of complications, including hospitalization, emergency visits, and chemotherapy dose adjustments, but not intensive care admissions.
A graph representation learning-based method for fault diagnosis of rotating machinery under time-varying speed conditions
Authors: Sun Sichao , Xia Xinyu , Zhou Hua
Published: November 2024

The health of rotating machinery is critical to the quality and efficiency of the manufacturing process. However, the existing intelligent fault diagnosis methods are mostly carried out under constant speed conditions, which makes it difficult to adapt to the variability and complexity of equipment speed with time in actual industrial scenarios. Based on graph learning and self-attention mechanism, this study proposes a novel fault diagnosis method for rotating machinery under time-varying speed conditions. Node feature information is extracted from raw vibration signals in multiple directions to construct spatial graph data. Then the spatial graph is transformed into embedded data, and the spatiotemporal nested graph containing time-varying fault information is built. After that, the graph convolutional attention interactive parallel network model is established. Combining the advantages of the graph convolutional network and the self-attention mechanism, the fault information contained in the graph is deeply mined to promote the model to identify the fault types correctly. The superiority of the proposed method is verified by two time-varying speeds fault diagnosis test data. Compared with other deep learning methods, this method can still achieve optimal diagnostic results even in the case of insufficient training samples.
Linewidth Enhancement Factor Impact on Optical Feedback Open Loop System of QDSEL
Authors: Mahdi Mayyadah Qable , ghalib Basim abdullattif , AL-mamoori Mohammed. H.K.
Published: November 2024

Quantum Dot semiconductor laser (QDSEL) is an important method in modern applications, including optical communications technology and random coding, due to its high efficiency and small size. The linewidth enhancement factor (α) change with injection current for fixed values ​​of delay time. behavior of the output transmitting and receiving lasers through these results between photon density and time delay, at (α\(_{{(T,R)}}\) = 3, 3.5, 4). injection current for the transmitter and receiver lasers equal to j\(_{{(T,R)}}\) = (1.5, 2.5, 4.5) jth, and certain values ​​for the time delay, which are expected to cause clear changes in the behavior of the laser output, such as it being stable, quasi-periodic, double periodic, regular chaotic, and random, at time delay (τ\(_{{(T,R)}}\) = 140, 145, 150) ps
Prediction and Characterization of Antimicrobial Peptides from Sea Cucumbers (Holothuria sp.) in Papuan Waters, Indonesia
Authors: Hanifaturahmah Fadiyah , Dewanti-Hariyadi Ratih , Hasanah Uswatun , Nurilmala Mala
Published: November 2024

Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) are compounds with low molecular weight that play a role in human defense system. However; the bioactive peptides do not always exist in their natural state and they can be liberated from the parent protein structure through hydrolysis. Research on AMPs in sea cucumbers has been limited to only a few specific species. Thus, this research aims to determine the characteristics of the hydrolysates of fresh, boiled, and smoked sea cucumbers, and their antimicrobial activity as well as to predict and characterize the AMPs in the hydrolysates. Hydrolysis of fresh, boiled, and smoked sea cucumbers was carried out by bromelain 5% or papain 5%. The degree of hydrolysis of the sea cucumber hydrolysate was analyzed by soluble nitrogen-TCA method, while their protein content with the Bradford method. The antimicrobial activity of the sea cucumber hydrolysate toward Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli was done using disk diffusion method. The molecular weight of the peptides in the hydrolysate was determined by SDS-PAGE. Peptides with potential antimicrobial activity (< 5 kDa) were sequenced by LC-MS/MS and analyzed using bioinformatics Mascot, BLASTp, CAMPR4, APD3, PepDraw, and PEP-FOLD. Fresh sea cucumbers hydrolyzed with bromelain for 4 hours resulted in hydrolysates with the most degree of hydrolysis, protein content, and antimicrobial activity against the test pathogenic bacteria. Sea cucumbers hydrolysate had stronger antimicrobial activity toward Gram positive bacteria (S. aureus and B. cereus) than Gram negative (E. coli). This research reported for the first time four AMP sequences from sea cucumber Holothuria atra, i.e. LALGIPLPQLK, IGLFGGAGVGK, INLTLK, and LSLSPFK. The AMPs were characterized by a sequence length of 6–11 amino acids, molecular weight of less than 5 kDa (0.70–1.16 kDa), helical structure, net charge + 1, rich in hydrophobic amino acids with hydrophobicity of + 7.09 to + 12.41 kcal/mol and pI 10.14–10.15.
Reliability of surgeon-reported MRI findings to a national spine register.
Authors: Alhaug Ole Kristian , Furunes Håvard , Kaur Simran , Blomfeldt Nynne , Dolatowski Filip C.
Published: November 2024

Purpose
Spine registries contribute to valuable knowledge and research; however, the data quality has been questioned. MRI findings are crucial for diagnostics and grading of degenerative spinal disorders. We aimed to explore the reliability of surgeon-reported MRI findings in a national spine registry (NORspine).
Methods
We assessed the reliability of MRI findings from three spine centers. Two spine surgeons re-examined previously surgeon-reported MRI findings for a sample of NORspine patients. We assessed the inter-rater reliability and the reliability between the NORspine registry and each study rater by Cohens kappa (ƙ).
Results
Two spine surgeons re-assessed preoperative MRI of the lumbar spine for 276 previously enrolled NORspine patients; 92 at each treating center equally distributed by three categories of spinal procedures: removal of disc herniation (LDH), decompression of lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS), and lumbar fusion. The inter-rater reliability varied from fair (0.21) to substantial (0.75) (most reliable for detecting LDH and LSS). The reliability between the NORspine registry and each rater varied from slight (0.13) to substantial (0.75). Highest reliability was found for LDH and LSS (ƙ = 0.72–0.75), while degenerative disc (DDD), foraminal stenosis (FS) and Modic changes had lower reliability (ƙ = 0.27–0.49).
Conclusion
The reliability for surgeon-reported MRI diagnostics to the NORspine registry varied and was substantial for LDH and LSS, moderate for DDD and FS, and slight or fair for Modic changes.
Conserved missense variant pathogenicity and correlated phenotypes across paralogous genes
Authors: Bruenger Tobias , Ivanuk Alina , Pérez-Palma Eduardo , Montanucci Ludovica , Cohen Stacey , Smith Lacey , Parthasarathy Shridhar , Helbig Ingo , Nothnagel Michael , May Patrick , Lal Dennis
Published: November 2024

Background
The majority of missense variants in clinical genetic tests are classified as variants of uncertain significance. Prior research has shown that the deleterious effects and the subsequent molecular consequence of variants are often conserved among paralogous protein sequences within a gene family. Here, we systematically quantified on an exome-wide scale if the existence of pathogenic variants in paralogous genes at a conserved position could serve as evidence for the pathogenicity of a new variant. For the gene family of voltage-gated sodium channels where variants and expert-curated clinical phenotypes were available, we also assessed whether phenotype patterns of multiple disorders for each gene were also conserved across variant positions within the gene family.
Methods
We developed a framework that assesses the presence of pathogenic missense variants located in conserved residues across paralogous genes. We systematically mapped 2.5 million pathogenic and general population variants from the ClinVar, HGMD, and gnomAD databases onto a total of 9,990 genes and aligned them by gene families. We evaluated the quantity of classifiable amino acids by utilizing pathogenic variants identified in databases alone and then compared this assessment to the inclusion of paralogous pathogenic variants. We validated and quantified the evidence of conserved pathogenic paralogous variants in variant pathogenicity classification.
Results
Considering conserved pathogenic variants in paralogous genes, increased the number of classifiable variants 2.8-fold across the exome, compared to pathogenic variants in the gene of interest alone. The presence of a pathogenic variant in a paralogous gene is associated with a positive likelihood ratio of 8.32 for variant pathogenicity. The likelihood ratio was gene family-specific. Across ten genes encoding voltage-gated sodium channels and 22 expert-curated disorders, we identified cross-paralog correlated phenotypes based on 3D structure spatial position. For example, the established loss-of-function disorders SCN1A-associated Dravet syndrome, SCN2A-associated autism, SCN5A-associated Brugarda Syndrome, and SCN8A-associated neurodevelopmental disorder without seizures were correlated in their spatial variant position on structure. Finally, we show that phenotype integration in paralog variant selection improves variant classification.
Conclusion
Our results show that paralogous variants, in particular with phenotype information can enhance our understanding of variant effects.
Fußballjournalismus als Popjournalismus
Authors: Jacke Christoph , Kleiner Marcus S.
Published: November 2024

Popjournalistische Schreibweisen halten Einzug in den einst auf informationslastigen Berichten gründenden Fußballjournalismus. Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird anhand der drei deutschen Fußballmagazine Kicker, 11 Freunde und Rund überprüft, inwiefern sich deren Berichterstattungsmuster sowie Darstellungsformen unterscheiden und sich Aspekte popjournalistischer Schreibweisen in den neuen Magazinen wiederfinden.
Löcher in der Cloud?
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: November 2024

Sie soll Prozesse vereinfachen, komplizierte Wege bündeln, Informationen aus einer Hand bieten: ‚Die Cloud‘, also das Konzept des Cloud Computing, bei dem Programme et cetera nicht mehr auf einzelne Computer gespielt werden müssen, sondern auf einem großen, zentralen Server liegen und von vielen Anwenderinnen und Anwendern genutzt werden können. Vordenker in diesem System war etwa der Browser Google Chrome (vgl. ‚nachgefragt‘ in merz 02/2009). Abgesehen von den datenschutzbezogenen Befürchtungen, dass in einer solchen Wolke auch Informationen gesammelt werden könnten, die da eigentlich nicht hingehören, schien die Idee auch durchaus ihren Reiz zu haben, versprach sie doch ungeahnten Arbeitsspeicher auf den PCs und so einfaches Team- Arbeiten wie nie. Eine Studie der Cloud Security Alliance (CSA) und HP mit dem Titel „Top Cloud Security Threats Report“, richtet jetzt aber zum ersten Mal den Blick auf die Sicherheitsmängel der Wolke. Im Rahmen der Studie wurde eine Befragung von IT-Sicherheitsexpertinnen und -experten aus 29 Unternehmen, Lösungsanbietern und Beratungshäusern, die mit einigen der weltweit komplexesten Cloud-Umgebungen arbeiten. Dabei stellte sich heraus, dass die meisten Clouds bereits mit beträchtlichen Sicherheitsmängeln zu kämpfen haben und sich den Angriffen von Schadprogrammen und Trojanern ausgesetzt sehen. Des Weiteren droht auch ‚in der Wolke selbst‘ Gefahr, etwa durch Missbrauch durch unternehmensinterne Vertrauenspersonen, durch Schwachstellen bei Shared Services, durch Datenverlust und Datenlecks oder durch Diebstahl und Entwendung von Accounts, Services und Datentransfers. Dass sich die Wolke deshalb komplett abregnet und vom Himmel verschwindet, braucht aber dennoch nicht befürchtet zu werden: Zu jeder erkannten Gefahr, bietet die Studie nämlich auch gleich Lösungsvorschläge, um das Arbeiten in der Cloud wieder möglichst sicher zu gestalten. Die komplette Studie steht unter www.cloudsecurityalliance. org zum Download bereit. www.silicon.de
Ich sehe was, was du nicht siehst!
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: November 2024

Ein lustiges Spiel mit den Freundinnen und Freunden, die bunte Natur, einen aufregenden Ausflug – Kinder erleben und entdecken schon in jungen Jahren vieles in der Welt, was sie fasziniert und was sie gerne festhalten möchten. Gut, wenn sie auch die Möglichkeit dazu bekommen – schlecht dagegen, wenn gerade Erzieherinnen und Erzieher selbst keinen Zugang zu oder wenig Wissen über Digitalfotografie haben und so die Begeisterung der Kinder ungehört verklingt. Das Bibernetz – Netzwerk frühkindliche Bildung möchte willigen aber ratlosen Erzieherinnen und Erziehern jetzt aber Abhilfe schaffen und bietet dazu zwei neue Filme auf seiner Homepage zum Thema Medienarbeit mit Kindern: Digitalfotografie. Die beiden wenige Minuten langen, liebevoll gezeichneten Trickfilme können direkt online angesehen werden und bieten interessante Ideen und Anregungen für ein Digitalfotografie-Projekt im Kindergarten, aber auch ganz praktische Tipps und Hilfen zum Umgang mit Digitalkameras. So werden selbst unerfahrene Pädagoginnen und Pädagogen an das Thema herangeführt, ohne zum Beispiel mit technischen Fachbegriffen erschlagen zu werden. Vorbereitung und Planung, Umsetzung und Präsentation, sinnvoller Einsatz einer Kamera, Bildbearbeitung und Ausdruck: alle relevanten Themen werden angeschnitten. Dabei können die kurzen Videoclips zwar nicht in die Tiefe gehen, bieten aber hilfreiche Anregungen für einen ersten Einstieg. Wer sich dann angesprochen fühlt und sich gerne weiter informieren möchte, findet unter den Filmen noch zahlreiche nützliche Links, etwa zu kostenlosen Bildbearbeitungsprogrammen, die zum Download stehen, zu weiteren Praxisprojekten und Ideen oder zu einer Handreichung Frühe Medienbildung. Hier besteht die Möglichkeit, so tief in das Thema einzusteigen, wie es einem selbst Spaß macht und den Kindern zugetraut wird.
ELTERNTALK bringt Eltern ins Gespräch
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: November 2024

ELTERNTALK greift das Bedürfnis vieler Mütter und Väter auf, sich über Erziehungsfragen rund um Medien, Konsum und Suchtvorbeugung auszutauschen, ihre Erfahrungen im Erziehungsalltag mit anderen Eltern zu teilen und von- und miteinander zu lernen – unabhängig von Bildung und Herkunft. Seit Projektbeginn 2001 steigt die Nachfrage kontinuierlich: So beteiligten sich 2009 circa 7.000 Eltern an den Gesprächskreisen, insgesamt wurden bisher circa 25.000 Eltern erreicht. Elisabeth Ziesel und Angelika Schmiedt da Silva, die Projektleiterinnen von ELTERNTALK, beantworten im Interview Fragen zu Konzeption, Methoden und Ansatz des Projektes und leiten aus ihrer langjährigen Erfahrung Hinweise und Forderungen für eine gelingende medienbezogene Elternarbeit ab.
KIM-Studie 2010
Authors: Merz Redaktion
Published: November 2024

Die seit 1999 durchgeführte KIM-Studie des Medienpädagogischen Forschungsverbunds Südwest (mpfs) ist eine Basisstudie zur Erhebung des Stellenwerts von Medien im Alltag von Kindern zwischen sechs und 13 Jahren. 2010 wurden 1.214 Kinder sowie deren Haupterziehende befragt. Dabei standen vor allem Computer- und Internetnutzung im Fokus.
89 Prozent der Kinder haben zu Hause einen Internetanschluss, jedes zehnte Kind sogar im eigenen Zimmer. Es stellte sich heraus, dass 57 Prozent der Mädchen und Jungen zumindest selten das Internet nutzen, die Nutzung von Communitys aber deutlich zugenommen hat und jetzt 43 Prozent beträgt. So werden auch vermehrt persönliche Daten preisgegeben. 29 Prozent der Kinder haben bereits Fotos oder Filme von sich, 22 Prozent Bilder von ihrer Familie veröffentlicht.Die Lieblingsaktivität im Internet ist unangefochten die Nutzung von Suchmaschinen, während sich ‚Kinder-Seiten nutzen‘, ‚Filme und Videos anschauen‘ und ‚Online Communitys nutzen‘ den zweiten Platz teilen. Insgesamt können sich ein Viertel der sechs bis 13-Jährigen ein Leben ohne Computer und Internet nicht mehr vorstellen.
Untersucht man den Umgang mit Computern genauer, kommt man zu dem Ergebnis, dass Computerspiele die häufigste Nutzungsform und das zweithäufigste Medium in Kinderhand überhaupt sind. Trotz allem ist aber das Fernsehen weiterhin das zentrale Medium für Kinder: Drei Viertel der Sechs- bis 13-Jährigen sehen jeden oder fast jeden Tag fern – durchschnittlich 98 Minuten. Dennoch ist auch das Buch noch begehrt: Drei Fünftel der Mädchen und zwei Fünftel der Jungen lesen regelmäßig.Der Handybesitz hat sich leicht verstärkt. Trotz aller Mediennutzung hat die KIM-Studie allerdings auch ergeben, dass die befragten Kinder die Kontakte zu ihren Freundinnen und Freunden immer noch persönlich durch Treffen pflegen, danach folgt der Kontakt via Telefon und SMS.
Die gesamte KIM-Studie unter: www.mpfs.de/?id=192
draufhaben, draufhalten, draufklicken
Authors: Rosenbaum Dennis , Gerstmann Markus , Duwe Wibke
Published: November 2024

Dennis Rosenbaum ist Dipl. Sozialpädagoge/Sozialarbeiter und Dipl. Verwaltungswirt. Er arbeitet als Streetworker im Team „Akzeptierende Jugendarbeit mit rechten Cliquen“ bei VAJA e. V. Seine Schwerpunkte sind Rechtsextremismus im Internet, Beratung von Eltern und Angehörigen rechtsextremer Jugendlicher, Jugendschutzsachverständiger der FSK, konzeptionelle Weiterentwicklung aufsuchender Jugendarbeit, Jugendstrafrecht, draufhaber.tv, Öffentlichkeitsarbeit.
Markus Gerstmann, Dipl. Sozialpädagoge/Sozialarbeiter, ist Mitarbeiter beim ServiceBureau Jugendinformation mit den Schwerpunkten Jugendinformation, Medienpädagogik, draufhaber.tv, Expert/innenkonferenz, Jugendschutz, soziale Netzwerke.Wibke Duwe, M. A. Medienkultur, Dipl.-Inf. (FH) Medieninformatik, ist wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin im Projekt draufhaber.tv. Ihre Forschungsinteressen sind aktives Medienhandeln Jugendlicher und Chancengleichheit, Digital Divide, Genderforschung, Cyberbullying.Gemeinsam informieren sie über das vom BMBF geförderte Projekt draufhaber.tv – eine fähigkeits- und ressourcenorientierte Video- und Community-Plattform für Jugendliche in der Berufsorientierung.
„Also ich gucke da nichts ab“
Authors: Jünger Nadine
Published: November 2024

In der Pornografisierungsdebatte wurde ein Teil der Schuld an der vermeintlichen sexuellen Verwahrlosung der Jugend dem Porno-Rap gegeben. Aber tragen Frauenarzt und Co. tatsächlich zur ‚Pornofizierung‘ von Jugendsexualität bei? Welche Bedeutung hat Porno-Rap für die sexuelle Sozialisation seiner Hörerschaft? Erste Antworten liefern die Ergebnisse einer explorativen, qualitativen Studie.
Brücke, Thema, Selbstdarstellung
Authors: Nguyen Thanh Tam
Published: November 2024

Zum Aufwachen, zum Einschlafen, zu Hause, unterwegs – Musik prägt das Leben vieler (junger) Menschen und ist aus vielen Lebensbereichen nicht wegzudenken. In den verschiedensten Situationen übernimmt sie die unterschiedlichsten Funktionen. So ist Musik auch für Jugendliche, die in ein anderes Land migrieren, ein wichtiger Begleiter, bei der Ankunft, bei der Kontaktaufnahme und bei der eigenen Positionierung im neuen Umfeld.
Sammeln ist mehr als Selbstzweck
Authors: Jentsch Ulli , Metzger Frank , Sanders Eike
Published: November 2024

Das Antifaschistische Pressearchiv und Bildungszentrum in Berlin (apabiz e. V.) dokumentiert und analysiert das Treiben der alten und neuen Nazis. Doch das apabiz will nicht nur Gedächtnis- und Fundort menschenverachtender Politik sein, sondern auch Teil der aktuellen und zukünftigen Politik gegen Nazis.