bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Protection of the Marine Environment and Obligation Erga omnes
Authors: Qu Bo
Published: October 2011

Obligation erga omnes is the obligation to the international community as a whole. The concept was initially expounded in the Barcelona Traction, Light and Power Company Limited Case by the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in 1970. Obligation deriving from the principles and rules concerning the basic rights of the human person belongs to obligation erga omnes. Marine environment is an important component of the human environment, and the right to environment is a basic human rights. protection of the marine environment conforms to the human basic moral value and the common interest of the international community. Protection of the marine environment is an obligation erga omnes. States should Promote the international co-operation on protection of the marine environment and perform obligation erga omnes. Where breach the obligation erga omnes, the state should entail the international responsibility.
Research on 17β-Estradiol Degradation Bacteria Isolated from Activated Sludge and its Degrade Characteristics
Authors: Zhang Li , Li Cui Cui
Published: October 2011

17β-estradiol(E2) has estrogenic activity at very low concentrations and are emerging as a major concern for water quality. Great endeavors have been done on the removal of E2 in wastewater. This article was mainly researched the isolated of E2 degradation bacteria from activated sludge and its degradation characteristics of the bacteria were also researched. According to its physiological biochemical results analysis, this strain was identified as K.pnem. pneumoniae .This strain can use E2 as sole carbon and energy source for growth. The optimal temperature, pH for the bacterial growth and degradation of E2 was 30°C,7.0, respectively, meanwhile degradation rate reached to 86% and 87%; degradation rate and bacterial growth increased along with E2 concentration increasing, 81% E2 was degraded when E2 concentration is 30mg/L, degradation rate decreased when E2>50mg/L; metal ions such as Fe2+ and Zn2+ almost have no effect on E2 degradation and bacterial growth; Mn 2+ can promote growth of strain and degradation, while, metal ions such as Hg2+ ,Ag+ ,Cu 2+ have negative effect on bacterial growth and degradation. The degradation process for E2 with initial concentration of 1mg/L indicated that the degradation rate of E2 by strain within 7days was 98%.
Oxidation of Chemical Warfare Agents in Supercritical Water
Authors: Wang Lian Yuan , Ma Meng Meng , Hu Xiao Chun , Zuo Guo Min , Zhu Hai Yan , Tang Hai Rong , Cheng Zhen Xing , Zhao Hong Hai
Published: October 2011

Oxidation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as Sulfur Oxidation of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) such as Sulfur Mustard (HD) and Soman (GD) and their simulants 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (2-CEES) and dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP) in supercritical water were studied by a batch reactor. Results showed that HD, GD and their simulants 2-CEES and DMMP could be effectively destroyed into their corresponding mineral compounds by supercritical water oxidation (SCWO). The mineral ratio was a function of reaction temperature, reaction time and oxidant concentration. But reaction temperature seemed to have more important effect on the mineral ratio than other two factors. Sulfur compounds 2-CEES and HD could easily be mineralized under 475°C and the inorganic products were mainly SO32- and SO42- , while complete oxidation of organic phosphorus reactants GD and DMMP needed a high temperature of >600°C. And under relatively low temperature, DMMP tended to form a white organic phosphorus polymer with P-C and P-O-P bonds. Results also indicated that P-F bond was more easily broken than P-C bond.
The Removal of Color from Fuchsin Basic Dye Wastewater Using Activated Carbon
Authors: Ye Li Yi , Zhang Xiao Xuan , Yin Ying Wu , Tu Song , Sha Yong
Published: October 2011

The performance of activated carbon (AC) adsorption process for the treatment of a simulated wastewater of fuchsin basic dye was investigated. The experiment revealed that under the optimum adsorption conditions (initial concentration of wastewater 250 mg L-1 of dye, temperature 25 °C and AC dosage 4 g L-1), the color removal efficiency was 98% after 360 min of adsorption. As for the further use of AC, the saturated AC was regenerated by heated 20 min at 600 °C in the atmosphere of N2. Efficiency of regeneration was 99% and the regeneration loss was less than 5%. It indicated that AC was effective in the decolorization of dye wastewater.
Early Warning Method of Environmental Security for Oil Field
Authors: Weng Yi Bin , Yan Guang Xu , Chang Lei , Guo Shao Hui
Published: October 2011

Oil field exploitations effected the environmental security, so the mehtod of oil field environmental security early warning should be introduced into oil field environmental management. The grey forecasting model was selected to predict individual index of environmental security early warning for oil field. Based on the individual index prediction, the method of environmental security early warning (synthetical early warning) was presented. Finally, according to the analysis of the results of oil field environmental security early warning, the regulation direction of oil field environmental security was proposed.
Study on River Ecological Compensation
Authors: Fu Yi Cheng , Ruan Ben Qing , Xu Feng Ran
Published: October 2011

On the basis of generalizing the conception of river ecological compensation(eco- compensation) reasonably, according to river characteristics and people’s practice experience, the paper gives discussion on river eco-compensation mechanism from the angle of coupling system. By analyzing the characteristics during theoretical study and practical experience of river eco-compensation, to ameliorate the limitations, the paper describes the framework of effective river eco-compensation mechanism. For Xin'an River as an example, in the light of the present compensation theory, the author gives river eco-compensation mechanism overall framework based on co-construction and sharing ideas. Learning from the research progress and achievement of different areas, the paper gives typical examples analysis about trans-boundary river eco-compensation implementation on water quantity and quality joint operation level. Finally, the paper puts forward the improvement measures and further research emphasis of river eco-compensation.
Study on the Divergent Characteristics of Soil Fungi and Actinomycetes at Dry Lake Wetland on Typical Steppe
Authors: Zhao Ji , Shao Yu Qin , Zhao Zi Long , Li Zheng Min , Wu Xiao Tong , Li Jing Yu
Published: October 2011

In this study, the composition and distribution of dominant soil filamentous microbes , such as fungi and actinomycetes, at dry lake wetland soil on typical steppe were measured through Spread-Plate-Technique; the divergent characteristics of two microbial floras at lake wetland and typical steppe were analyzed; and several indicators of soil filamentous microbes, for example, diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance, were calculated. For fungi, there is significant difference between lake center (LC), typical steppe (TS) & lake bed (LB), lake side (LS) for diversity and richness; and there is significant difference between LC and TS& LB and LS for dominance. For actinomycetes, there is significant difference between LC & LS, and LB& TS for diversity; and there is significant difference between LC&TS for richness; and there is significant difference between LC&LS for evenness. At LC, the most dominant floras is Mucor, accounting for 100%. At LB, Mucor accounts for 26.25% and Penicillium accounts for 45%. At LS, the dominant floras are Mucor, accounting for 48%, and Penicillium, accounting for 34.48%. At TS, Penicillium has become the dominant flora to account for 92.23%. For actinomycetes, the most dominant floras at LC is Griseofuscus, accounting for 55.71%. At LS, the dominant floras are Griseofuscus accounting for18.75%, and balding group, accounting for 20%. At TS, the dominant flora are Griseofuscus, accounting for16.08%, and Flav us, accounting for 14.69%.The results have demonstrated a better understanding toward the development and succession mechanisms of wetland to provide the basis for protection and rational utilizations of dry lake wetland.
Investigation of Oxytetracycline (OTC) Removal Effectiveness of Aerobic Units and it’s Measurement Optimization
Authors: Hao Fei Lin , Dong Ting Ting , Shen Ming Wei
Published: October 2011

In order to study the effectiveness of aerobic units in removing oxytetracycline(OTC) and explore the effective method to measure OTC in wastewater, the different level of mixed liquor suspended solid(MLSS) and aeration quantity are test in OTC degradation in aerobic unit, the measuring methods are tested and optimized. The result shows that with the condition of (1)extraction buffer solution of NaCl(1mol/L) : oxalic acid(0.5mol/L) : ethanol = 25/25/50,v/v/v; (2) water(added phosphoric acid, pH=3) and acetonitrile as flow phase (V:V=75:25); (3) wavelength at 343 nm could achieve 0.9995 correlation coefficient between the concentration of OTC in the sample and peak area measured. The degradation/removal rate was influenced by aeration intensity, detention time and the mixed liquor suspended solids(MLSS) in the treatment units, and higher removal rate was obtained under the higher concentration of oxygen, MLSS and OTC condition.
Anatase TiO2 Films via a Sol-Gel and Hydrothermal Crystallization for Enhanced Corrosion Resistance
Authors: Yun Hong , Lin Chang-Jian , Xu Qun Jie
Published: October 2011

Anatase of TiO2films were supplied on the surface of 316L stainless steel by a sol–gel process followed by hydrothermal treatment in water. The as-prepared samples were characterized with filed emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and Raman spectroscopy. The corrosion performances of the films in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution were evaluated by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and polarization measurements. The results revealed that the corrosion resistance of the TiO2 films via the hydrothermal treatment at 170°C for 4h exceeded that of the counterparts treated by conventional calcination at 450°C. This could be attributed that the surface of such a sample was more compact and uniform, relatively well-crystallized, able to act as an optimal barrier layer to metallic substrates.
Analysis 2.5-D Permutation Power Transmission Line to Decrease Electro-Magnetic Influence at High Technology Nano-Fab
Authors: Song Yu Lin , Yu Chwen , Chuang Feng Chang , Tseng Ying Cheng , Zou Jyun Yu , Shsu Sen Gui , Ma Tzyh Ghuang , Wu Tzong Lin , Chang Luh Maan
Published: October 2011

We present optimal permutation with 2.5-D power transmission lines system to reduce electro-magnetic influence at high technology nano-Fab. In this study, the magnetic field was lessened by mirror array power cable system, and simulation of results predicted the best permutations to decrease electromagnetic influence (EMI) value below 0.28 mG at working space without any shielding. Furthermore, this innovative method will cost down at high technology nano-Fab especially for 28 nanometer process.
Phytoremediation of Petroleum-Contaminated Soil
Authors: Li Chun Rong , Wei Abao , Chen Tao
Published: October 2011

Corn, sunflower and alfalfa were taken as remediation plants. Their phytoremediation and degradation kinetic of petroleum were investigated under field experiment. The results indicated that petroleum degradation rates of corn, sunflower and alfalfa remediation areas reached 42.5%, 46.4% and 44.7% after 150 days of remediation, which were increased by 100.5%, 118.9% and 110.8% compared with that in control area, respectively. Petroleum degradation rates of sunflower remediation areas﹥alfalfa remediation areas’﹥corn remediation areas’, whose half-lifes were 165d, 182d and 193d, respectively, which were decreased by 297d, 279d and 269d compared with that in control area, respectively. The remediation effects of corn, sunflower and alfalfa were obvious.
Alkylation of p-Cresol with Isobutylene Catalyzed by Heteropoly Acid Supported on MCM-41 Catalyst
Authors: Liu Zai Man , Deng Pei Pei , Li Bai Yu
Published: October 2011

The phosphorus tungsten(PW) heteropoly acids were immobilized on the mesoporous molecular sieves(MCM-41) by wet impregnation. The prepared catalysts were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, TG and DTA,FTIR. The alkylation of p-cresol with isobutylene was carried out over the PW /MCM-41 catalysts. The influences of various reaction parameters such as reaction temperature, time, PW loading, and catalysts amount on the conversion of p-cresol and the products selectivity were also investigated. Under the optimized reaction conditions of 90 °C,PW loading of 10%, catalyst amount of 1.5%, p-cresol conversion was found to be 93.89% with product rate to 2-tert-butyl-p-cresol 51.29%, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 42.48% and tert-butyl-p-tolyl ether 0.12%, responding to selectivity of 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol 45.24%.
Research on the Urban Land Use Status and Potential Evaluation Information System Solution Based on OSGI Plug-in - A Case Study of Zhaoyuan, Shandong Province
Authors: Wang Meng , Nie Yi Min , Yuan Hao
Published: October 2011

Along with the rapid development of urbanization since 90s of the 20th century, the contradiction between land and people is more and more serious. At the same time, urban land extensive inefficient utilization phenomenon is very outstanding,so it is very importment for us to realize the urban land use status and potential evaluation. The urban land use status and potential evaluation information system is necessary. We use GIS to land daily management work . We can not only save the hole graphical data ,attribute data and text data through computers, but also can reduce the mistakes and improve work efficiency. Meanwhile, this system use OSGI plugins and optimum building block ,so we can update the work methods easily through the combination of different function plugins in order to deal with different land management work conveniently and then save a lot of time.On the other hand,we can provide data sharing service for the other land management departments. This paper takes Zhaoyuan in Shandong province for the exapmple to design the solution. The solutions offers the references to intensive land use evaluation system of the urban land .
The Estimate of Sea Ice Thickness Based on the Relative Albedo of NOAA/AVHRR
Authors: Yuan Shuai , Gu Wei , Chen Wei Bin
Published: October 2011

The estimate of sea ice thickness is the academic base of sea ice research in Bohai Sea. According to the ice-water spectrum differences and the correlation between ice thickness and albedo, this paper comes up with a sea ice thickness inversion model based on the relative albedo of NOAA/AVHRR data. The results are better in the coastal area and the average error of this method is about 21%. Then a preliminary analysis has been made on the errors of the estimate of sea ice thickness.
Photosynthetic Responses of Energy Plant Maize under Cadmium Contamination Stress
Authors: Zhang Lu Yi , Zhang Hua Yong , Guo Wei , Tian Yong Lan , Chen Zhong Shan , Wei Xiao Feng
Published: October 2011

Cadmium’s (Cd) impact on the photosynthetic activities of energy plant maize was investigated in pot experiments containing different Cd contaminated levels during the whole growth period. The results showed that the ability of photosynthesis was not obviously inhibited by elevated Cd stress. Net photosynthetic rate (NPR) was decreased with the growth of maize, while transpiration rate (TR), stomatal conductance (gs>) and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were enhanced in heading period, then decreased in maturity period. The change of fluorescence quenching and photosystem II (PSII) efficiency was consistent with NPR. Thus, the influence of photosynthesis under Cd stress mainly depended on the response of PSII reaction centre.
The Dynamic Analysis of Biocapacity and Driving Force in Minqin Oasis of Western China over the Past 20 Years
Authors: Du Jun , Yue Dong Xia , Guo Jian Jun , Zhang Jia Jing , Niu He Wen , Ma Jin Hui
Published: October 2011

Ecological environment is the basis for human interdependence and development, so regional economic development must take into account the security situation of ecological environment and biocapacity. Based on the Ecological Footprint methodology, using remote sensing and GIS spatial analysis techniques, the biocapacity of Minqin oasis in Gansu in 1990, 2000 and 2009 was quantitatively calculated, and its spatio-temporal pattern analysis was also analyzed. The results showed：over the past two decades, there have been increasingly noticeable alterations to Minqin oasis; as a result, land reclamation activities have led to an increase in the areas of cropland, meaning that its biocapacity is rising, while the biocapacity of forest and pasture is decreasing. The biocapacity in space shows that the high-value area aggregation is augmented, there is an increased scope of area, and the focus of biocapacity has shifted. However, after 2000, with the water shortage, abandonment issues being highlighted and the aggravation of desertification, biocapacity has decreased, and additionally, the relationship between land and man has become strained. The changes of biocapacity are all closely linked with population growth, socio-economic development, agriculture structure, and water scarcity.
Study on Characteristics of Favorable Reservoirs for High-Rank Coals, North China
Authors: Qiu Yong Kai , Yao Yan Bin , Liu Jun
Published: October 2011

The Late Paleozoic coalbed methane (CBM) reservoirs for high-rank coal in North China have the characteristic of high CBM content. But due to the differences between CBM reservoirs in several aspects such as physical property and gas accumulation condition, CBM was developed for commercialization only in the south of Qinshui Basin. Coal samples were systematically collected from Qinshui Basin, Jiaozuo Coalfield, Yongxia Coalfield and Xinggong Coalfield, and then tested on coal petrology, porosity-permeability characteristics and isothermal adsorption, etc. Based on the analyses of these test data, this paper discusses the forming conditions and mechanisms of the favorable CBM reservoirs for high-rank coals. These factors like the coal petrology characteristics, reservoir physical property and gas accumulation conditions were detailedly discussed. The difference characteristics of the favorable CBM reservoirs in North China were comprehensively evaluated as conclusions. The result shows that in comparison with other high-rank coal areas, coals in Qinshui Basin have undergone slight tectonic destruction, which induces the widespread development of primary- and cataclastic-structured coals, developing better microfractures. Moreover, the Qinshui coals have not only the well-developed exogenetic fractures, but also well sedimentary and tectonic conditions at the key accumulation period of CBM. These factors resulted in the formatting of better CBM reservoir in Qinshui Basin when comparing to other high coal rank areas in North China.
Research on Coverage Calculation of Remote Sensing Satellite Data Based on PostgreSQL
Authors: Feng Ke , Huang Peng , Zhang Wen Yi
Published: October 2011

For the characteristics of remote sensing satellite data, this paper adopts spatial information services of open source PostgreSQL database to analyze and calculate coverage of remote sensing data. The remote sensing data is shown in the Chinese administrative divisions intuitively in order to improve the efficiency in ordering the data. This paper addresses the method to calculate the coverage of remote sensing satellite data based on PostgreSQL.
Study on Disaster Monitoring Satellite Remote Sensing Data Fast Acquisition Programming Technology
Authors: Ma Guang Bin , Zhang Wen Yi , Huang Peng
Published: October 2011

This paper studies the multi-satellites data fast acquisition programming technology for disaster area, and in this paper a disaster monitoring satellite data fast acquisition programming system is established. After the disaster, the system can program the multi-satellites observation schedule for the disaster area quickly and accurately, it can provide important technical support for the satellite data acquisition of the disaster area.
Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation in Vitex negundo var. heterophylla in Pot Experiment
Authors: Tian Yong Lan , Zhang Hua Yong , Guo Wei , Zhang Lu Yi , Yu Xue Jing , Chen Zhong Shan
Published: October 2011

The cadmium (Cd) stress to xylophyta Vitex negundo var. heterophylla including growth responses and Cd accumulation in plant was investigated in pot experiment with different Cd concentrations. The result indicated that the shoot length, shoot diameter and root diameter as well as the biomass of organs were obviously decreased when Cd was 50 mg/kg. 100 mg/kg Cd caused the chlorosis of the leaf. The accumulated ability of Cd in Vitex negundo var. heterophylla in turn was root > leaf > shoot. This plant presented efficient ability in removing the Cd from the contaminated soil when initial Cd in the soil was 20 mg/kg.
Dynamic Changes Analysis of Dangshan Landscape Pattern
Authors: Fang Gang , Chen Jian Yong , Yang Juan , Zhao Qiang , Su Hai Min
Published: October 2011

The article takes 2 TM images as the data source, supported by the Fragstats 3.3 and the ENVI 4.7 softwares, two remote sensing images are classified by the support vector machine method, selects the number of patches (NP), edge density (ED), patches density (PD), landscape shape index (LSI), perimeter area fractal dimension (PAFRAC), interspersion juxtaposition index (IJI), patch cohesion index (COHESION), Shannon's diversity index (SHDI), Shannon's evenness index (SHEI) and contagion index (CONTAG), using the landscape ecological principles and methods, analyzes the dynamic changes of Dangshan landscape patter in 1987-2009, with a view to Dangshan county land resources of reasonable planning and using, management, sustainable utilization, and the landscape pattern optimization configuration, provides the theory foundation and scientific basis.
An Efficient Constrained Shortest Path Algorithm for Traffic Navigation
Authors: Wang Zong Hui , Shi Shu Su , Yu Li Cheng , Chen Wen Zhi
Published: October 2011

FCD-based traffic navigation system is getting more and more attention from countries all over the world. Shortest path algorithm is one of the key techniques of a traffic navigation system. Since classical Dijkstra algorithm and heuristic A* algorithm cannot support some constrained conditions in practice, and existing algorithms supporting constraints require the road network to be modified ahead and have low efficiency. The paper studies the model of road network, and analyzes two types of constraints, one-way street and intersection turning prohibitions, then proposes the constrained A* algorithm and gives the Heuristic function. Finally, the paper tests and analyzes the algorithm, and evaluation performance of the prototype system which employs it. The result shows that the algorithm’s efficiency is fairly good.
Research on Fusion Approach for Hyperspectral Image and Multispectral Image of HJ-1A
Authors: Guo Fen Fen , Fan Jian Rong , Zang Wen Qian , Liu Fei , Zhang Huai Zhen
Published: October 2011

The vacancy of hyperspectral image (HSI) in China is made up by HJ-1A satellite, which makes more study and application possible. But comparing with other HSI, low spatial resolution turns into a big limiting obstacle for application. In order to improve the HSI quality and make full use of the existing RS data, this paper proposed a fusion approach basing on 3D wavelet transform (3D WT) to fusing HJ-1A HSI and Multispectral image (MSI) using their 3D structure. Contrasting with the principal component transform (PCA) and Gram-Schmidt fusion approach, which are mature at present, 3D WT fusion approach use all bands of MSI to its advantage and the fusion result perform better in both spatial and spectral quality.
Ultrasound Enhanced Coagulation to Remove Organic Matter in Low Temperature and Low Turbidity Studies
Authors: Li Jun Wen , Li Xin , Xu Xiao Hui , Wang Dong Bing
Published: October 2011

In the experiment that the disposal of low temperature and low turbidity water, we observed the influence of some factors ,such as the acting time of ultrasound, ultrasonic power, amount of coagulant and the PH value of system, in disposing the organic matters of low temperature and low turbidity water. The experimental results show that the water samples which were disposed by ultrasound acting firstly and then by coagulation precipitate processing are best. When ultrasonic acting is 9 min, ultrasonic power transferred to 25 W, the amount of coagulant polyferric sulphate is 12 mg/L and the system pH is 7, the maximum of COD removal rate will up to 87.2%.
Pollen Biology of Calligonum mongolicum in the Middle Reaches of Heihe River
Authors: Pan Cheng Chen , Liu Lin De , Zhao Ha Lin , Zhao Xue Yong , Hou Yue Li , Zhang Li , Liu Ji Liang
Published: October 2011

The pollen–ovule ratios, pollen fertility rate, pollen viability and longevity, pollen histochemistry of Calligonum mongolicum flowers were determined in the field by the middle reaches of Heihe River. The main results were as follows: Calligonum mongolicum is completely fertile and has starchy pollen. Anthers matured heterotypically. The pollen longevity was about 10h. The pollen viability was higher than 70% at the beginning of anthesis on sunny days. No difference in the pollen production of single anther was found between different flower morphes, but significant difference was in that of single flower. The pollen-ovule ratios of different morph flowers were 1625±125, 1750±177, 1500±102, 1563±120, 1875±72. Pollen–ovule ratios (P/O) reveal that C. mongolicum is facultative autogamous.
Coalfield Structures and Potential Evaluation of Coal Resources in China
Authors: Cao Dai Yong , Lin Zhong Yue , Zheng Zhi Hong , Tan Jie Qing
Published: October 2011

The diversity of coal basins and the late intensive reformation of coal regulations are the remarkable characteristics of Chinese coalfield geology. These largely determine the searching orientation and value of coal exploitation and utilization. The coalfield structure research is one of the basic works and core contents in potential evaluation of national coal resources. In this paper, new thought of carry out coalfield structures research in potential evaluation of coal resources is introduced. The main research contents can be summarized in several aspects, including regional geological setting, structural shape and distribution regularity, tectonic origin and evaluation, structural control of coal. It briefly summarizes the working emphasis of coalfield structures research in different occurrence region of coal in our country.
Research of Sequence Stratigraphic Models of Jiufotang Formation, Lower Cretaceous, the Luxi Sag, the Kailu Basin
Authors: Li Yang , Xie Qing Bin , Zhu Xiao Min , Liu Fen
Published: October 2011

With comprehensive utilization of drilling, logging and seismic data, research was conducted on the sequence stratigraphic models of Jiufotang Formation, Lower Cretaceous in the Luxi Sag, Kailu Basin. It was revealed that Jiufotang Formation could be divided into one three-order sequence, which including lowstand systems tract (LST), transgressive systems tract (TST), highstand systems tract (HST) and regressive systems tract (RST). Within the sequence, it developed five types of sedimentary facies, which were nearshore subaqueous fan, braided river delta, meandering river fan, turbidite fan and lacustrine facies, respectively. The LST mainly developed nearshore subaqueous fan, the TST mainly developed meandering river deltas while the HST and RST mainly developed meandering river delta, braided river delta and nearshore subaqueous fan. In addition, turbidite fan developed in all four systems tracts. Two types of sequence stratigraphic models developed: short-axis model and long-axis model.
The Transformation Research of Village in City in Urban Modernization Process - Example to Hohhot
Authors: Zhao Xiu Qing
Published: October 2011

The article firstly proposes the concepts of urban modernization and village in city, then elaborating the characteristic of villages in Hohhot city and the transforming importance in urban modernization advancement. On the base of above, the article raises the counter measures.
Simulation of Electron Motion in a Micro-Hollow Cathode Discharge
Authors: Zheng Pei Chao , Dai Yu , Wang Jin Mei , Liu Ke Ming
Published: October 2011

Electron behaviors in the whole cathode space of a steady argon MHCD with a variable cathode gap have been simulated on the model of Monte Carlo collisions. As the cathode gap alters, the hollow-cathode effect in MHCDs has been studied by the variety rule of electron spacial and energy distribution. The results reveal that a too wide gap between two opposed cathodes under a settled pressure will die down the hollow-cathode effect.
Remote Sensing System Design of Beijing Mineral Environment Monitoring and Evaluation
Authors: Yang Bo , Chen Jian Ping
Published: October 2011

This paper proposed a system used to survey and evaluate mineral environment of Beijing. In the system, RS mineral environment surveying, mineral environment evaluation and mining data management is combined as a unit system. The system is focus on an efficiency and cost-effective services in various mineral areas, and it will be applied in different aspects of mineral environment surveying, evaluation and data management. the system will reducing management costs and provide a new way of supervision and management mineral resources as a new model, it will play an important role in improving the efficiency and quality of mineral management and improving mining environment.
Ferrooxidans’s Isolation and Purification
Authors: Lv Li Hua , Ren Jing Cheng , Sun Tian Hu , Dai Jian Qing
Published: October 2011

we take mining water from Liang Zou group undergroud 200 m. and cltured in 9K medium, sodium thiosulfate medium, sulfur (S0) medium. According to its conformation on the different mediums, we get ferrooxidans(T.f), and studying its ecological nature shows that the ferrooxidanis is acidophilic autotrophic bacteria and has ferrous iron and sulfur oxidation. Its optimum growth pH value is 2.0, optimum growth temperature is 30°C, 1.0 g/L of Fe2 + and 1 % S0 which can be used as the energy source are propitious to its growth. After UV mutagenesis, the strain which has been cold treated improve Fe2+ oxidation ability, at the same time, shorten the time enter to the logarithmic growth phase, the density of bacteria in lag growth phase increases from 6.8×107 cells/mL to 7.8×107 cells/mL, so increase bio-leaching capability.
Western Resource Exploitation and Sustainable Development Strategy
Authors: Tang Qiang Yi , Tang Cheng Kai
Published: October 2011

Sustainable development which is proposed after humans experience numerous punishment and disaster from the environment is provided with the strategic thinking of ecological, economic and political significance. Western resource development and sustainable development has a very important strategic role in development of Chinese modernization. “Do not think that the planet is parents passed to you, it is the future generations to lend you. When we talk about growth, we should take into account the development of future generations.” 2010 Davos Forum the seminar of sustainable growth, Brilliant speaking of K.R.Sridhar who is co-founder of Bloom energy Co reflects the core values of sustainable development. The success or failure of Western resource exploitation and sustainable development strategy determines Chinese modernization process.
Hydrocarbon Detection Techniques on Subtle Reservoir Exploration in Qiongdongnan Basin
Authors: Xiao Jun , Zhu Bei , Liao Ji Hua
Published: October 2011

Subtle reservoir is an important area of hydrocarbon exploration in Qiongdongnan basin. The reservoir hydrocarbon-bearing potential is one of the cores of this research, and the geophysical technology is the main research tool. In this paper, AVO, AVD, DR and seismic attenuation gradient techniques are carried out to evaluate the hydrocarbon-bearing ability. Taking the JY area of eastern Qiongdongnan basin as a case study, the results show that the characteristics of gas-bearing reservoir in JY area are the 3rd AVO anomaly, high AVD and DR, and low attenuation gradient. Furthermore, multi-information fusion technique is used to qualify the gas resource scale and provide decision-making advice for the future exploration. It shows that the seismic anomaly sand body of the first member of Sanya Formation in JY area has large gas resource potential and good exploration prospect.
Influence of pH and Nitrate on Perchlorate Biological Reduction
Authors: Wang Rui , Liu Fei , Qin Li Hong
Published: October 2011

The pH and nitrate effect on the anaerobic biological reduction of perchlorate using acetate as carbon source was studied. Perchlorate reduction occurred throughout the pH range from 6.0 to 9.0. However, initiation of perchlorate reduction was rapid under neutral pH conditions. At initial pH 7, perchlorate reduction followed pseudo-first-order with the reaction rate constants was 0.3732 d-1 and the half-life time was 1.85 d. In the absence and presence of nitrate, the kinetics of perchlorate reduction with the reaction rate constants were 0.3229 d-1 and 0.2307 d-1 (after a lag phase for 3 d), the half-life time were 2.1 d and 6 d. With multiple additions of nitrate, perchlorate removal was observed with a longer lag period, the consequent production of high level nitrite may delay perchlorate degradation.
Identifying Parasequence Sets Boundaries by Using Well Logging Data
Authors: Ma Ming Fu , Zhang Yuan Fu
Published: October 2011

Logging data, as representations of lithology and physical properties of stratum, hold abundant information related to sedimentary cycles with high vertical resolution. The use of various methods to extract and analyze corresponding information will greatly promote the quantitative level in the study of stratum sequence. SP mirror (spontaneous potential), the ratio of sand and mud, CN (neutron)-GR (natural gamma ray) curve overlay technique and wavelet analyses were comprehensively analyzed in this paper. Application in X block of Algeria that it has a great effect and is a good tool in the parasequence sets study. Continuously improve the level of utilization of logging data, full logging data in sequence stratigraphic analysis of the role and scope of application will be beneficial for the development of sequence stratigraphy.
Solvothermal Synthesis of TiO2 Hollow Microsphere and Its Photocatalytic Properties
Authors: Wang Jin Guo , Zhu Jian , Li Xi , Li He Xing
Published: October 2011

TiO2 hollow microspheres were synthesized by a facile solvothermal method. The prepared samples were characterized by the XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and UV-vis. The results showed that the TiO2 hollow microspheres offered an enhanced photocatalytic activity due to the multiple reflections of the UV light within the inner hollow structure.
Alumina Sol-Gel Films and Alodine Films on Al 2024 Alloy
Authors: Zhou Qi , Xiao Xuan , Zhao Da Li , Song En Jun
Published: October 2011

Development of the sol-gel films for painting pretreatment of aluminium alloy is to replace bichromate conversion films such as Alodine. Corrosion resistance of Alodine film and sol-gel film were evaluated through potentiodynamic polarization curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, salt spraying and acidic dropping solution. Sol-gel film is almost the same as Alodine film at the film surface density, salt spraying resistance and adhesion with painting coating. Changing color times of dropping solution on sol-gel film is shorter than Alodine film. But the corrosion current of sol-gel film is lower than Alodine and the impedance value is higher than Alodine in 35g/L NaCl solution. Mechanism of corrosion resistance of alumina sol-gel film is that the cathode reaction and anodic reactions are restrained by sol-gel film in the Cl- corrosive medium. The EIS of sol-gel film consisted of only a single capacitive arc with one time constant. Sol-gel coating can prevent or delay the corrosive solution from infiltrating the substrate for its better isolation function, thus protecting 2024 aluminium alloy from corrosion. Sol-gel films can improve corrosion resistance of aluminum alloy and have the same adhesion as Alodine film. It will be a promising alternative pretreatment for aluminum alloys prior to painting.
Salicylidene Schiff Base Assembled with Mesoporous Silica SBA-15 for Cu (II) Removal in Aqueous Media
Authors: Huang Jin , Ye Meng , Chen Rui , He Qi Zhuang
Published: October 2011

Novel Schiff base-functionalized SBA-15 mesoporous silica is prepared, characterized and used as an adsorbent for heavy metal ion, Cu (II). The organic-inorganic hybrid mesoporous materials have been synthesized by two post-graftings of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxy-silane (APTES) and salicylaldehyde in sequence. The functionalized mesoporous materials are characterized by means of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and nitrogen (N2) adsorption-desorption analysis. The result indicates that, after sequent chemical modifications of aminopropyl and schiff base, the primary hexagonally ordered mesoporous structure of SBA-15 is not affected. The mesoporous silica, which has a BET surface area of 573.263 m2 g-1, a high pore diameter (centered at 5.24 nm) and pore volume of 0.847 cm3 g-1, exhibits the excellent adsorption capacity. The removal rate of Cu2+ in aqueous media is high and the adsorbent can be regenerated by EDTA and acid treatments without changing its properties.
Preparation of Copper Oxide Loaded Activated Carbon by Waste Sawdust for Acid Red GR Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Jiang Bo Quan , Xiao Zheng Qiang
Published: October 2011

The waste wood dust was utilized to prepare the copper oxide loaded activated carbon for the treatment of the printing and dyeing wastewater (acid red GR wastewater). The response surface assisted with Design-Expert 7.0 software was used to optimize the process. The secondary multiple regression models for the color and COD removal rates were established and proven to be significant. The optimum process conditions determined by the software were: copper nitrate (0.5mol/L) 15mL, ratio of liquid to solid 56, activation temperature 690 °C and activation time 2.1h, under which the color and COD removal rates reached 99.8% and 88.34%, respectively.
Sonochemical Synthesis of Nitrogen Doped TiO2 at a Low Temperature
Authors: Wang Xi Kui , Wang Chen , Guo Wei Lin
Published: October 2011

A visible-light activated photocatalyst N-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline was synthesized via sonochemical method at low temperature. The N-doped anatase TiO2 nanoparticles were prapared by sonication of the solution of tetrabutyl titanium and ammonium in water and ethanol at 70 °C for 150 min. The crystalline forms and crystallite sizes of the as-prepared sample is characterized by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and UV-Visible absorption spectrum.The product structure was dependent upon the reaction temperature and reaction time. The photocatalytic activity of the as-prepared photocatalyst was evaluated via the photodegradation of a basic dye methyl violet. The results show that the N-doped TiO2 nanocrystalline prepared by sonication has an excellent photocatalytic activity under UV light and simulated sunlight.
Preparation of Recyclable Pd(II) Organometal Catalyst with Bicontinuous Cubic Ia3d Mesostructure for Water-Medium Organic Reaction
Authors: Yang Di Di , Zhu Feng Xia , Li He Xing
Published: October 2011

A heterogenous Pd(II) organometal catalyst with bicontinuous cubic Ia3d mesostructure was synthesized by surfactant-directed co-condensation of Pd[PPh2(CH2)2Si(OCH2CH3)3]2Cl2 and (CH3CH2O)3SiPhSi(OCH2CH3)3. In water medium Sonogashira reaction, the as-prepared Pd(II)-PMO-KIT-6 exhibited higher catalytic activity than the corresponding Pd(II)-KIT-6 catalyst and could be used repetitively for more than 4 times, which could reduce the cost and even diminish the environmental pollution from heavy metallic ions, showing a good potential in industrial applications.
Research on the Application of Photocatalytic Coating Material with Function of Decomposing Vehicle Exhaust on Road Collision Wall
Authors: Xu Hai Ming , Liu Li Ping , Sun Li Jun
Published: October 2011

Studies have shown that nanometer Titanium dioxide is an excellent photocatalyst material, which owns environmental protection function of decomposing car exhaust, and it begins to be used in road works in recent years. In this paper, firstly a representative concentration ratio of each component in exhaust gas is reached according to statistical result from a large number of vehicle exhaust samples, and simulated gas used in laboratory test is prepared according to the ratio. Then substantial gas- decomposition tests are performed utilizing the self-designed sealed container and UV aging box. Applying ion chromatography to analyze the decomposition products, it is proved that nano-titanium dioxide can decompose NOx, HC, CO and other harmful gases into nitrate and carbonate. Subsequently, an excellent concrete protection materials- anticorrosive of silane solvent is selected as dispersion solvent, and a certain amount of titanium dioxide is dispersed evenly in the solvent to make the coating material with photocatalytic performance, the brushing method and decomposition effect of the coating material are discussed. In the end, a brushing method with better decomposition effect is applied on cement collision wall on middle ring in Pudong district, while nano-titanium is also contained in the surface layer of pavement; Field measurement results show that the decomposition of car exhaust effect is obvious.
Water Storage and Controlled-Release Film(WSCF) Materials Used in Tree Planting in Desert Regions
Authors: Han Gui Quan , Han Zhao Xiang , Zhang Dong En , Zhang Zeng Zhi
Published: October 2011

Water Storage and Controlled-release Film (WSCF) is a new kind of polymer composite with the function of releasing water slowly in a given period. This paper resumptively introduces the importance of water storage and controlled-release film (WSCF) material for tree planning in desertified regions. Microstructures of WSCF were studied and experiments were also carried out successively in various environmental conditions.
Influence of Dispersants on Dispersion Stability of TiO2 Suspensions
Authors: Mou Yu , Lü Kun Miao , Gao Dong Mei
Published: October 2011

TiO2 nanoparticles are prone to aggregate in aqueous solution, which limits its extensive application. Several researches have been carried on the stability of TiO2 suspensions. In this study, four common dispersants including ethanol, tetrahydrofuran (THF), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and sodium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) have been chosen to detect their effects on stability of TiO2 aqueous suspensions. The experimental results showed that THF and SHMP were efficient dispersants for TiO2 nanoparticles in aqueous solution.
Preparation of a New Adsorption Material and its Application in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Jin Wen Jie , Zeng Fan Chao , Xue Han , Wang Ying
Published: October 2011

A kind of new adsorption material for wastewater treatment was made of fly ash as the main composition, with addition of sodium silicate, cement and pore forming material as the accessory materials, etc. Three kinds of practical wastewater were treated by using the new material, they were printing and dyeing wastewater, papermaking wastewater and coking wastewater, respectively. The results showed that removal COD efficiencies of the three kinds of wastewater were 57.89%, 71.43%, 80%, respectively, removal color efficiencies were 90%, 92%, 92%, respectively. The new developed material was mainly used for advanced treatment of the effluent water after biochemical process. It will be a substitute for activated carbon materials and have preferable application prospect.
Sorption Profile of Hg(II) onto Mixed Phase of Copper Sulphide and Copper Sulphate
Authors: Au Yoong Yow Loo , Yap Pei Lay , Kutty Muralithran G. , Timpe Olaf , Behrens Malte , Hamid Sharifah Bee Abdul , Schlögl Robert
Published: October 2011

The use of surface oxidized covellite (CuS), namely mixed phase copper sulphide (CuS and CuSO4) was studied for the removal of mercury from aqueous solution under the effect of various reaction parameters (pH, time, Hg(II) concentration). From batch sorption studies, the equilibrium data revealed that the sorption behaviour of Hg(II) onto mixed phase copper sulphide follows well with Langmuir isotherm and the maximum sorption capacity (Qmax) determined ≈ 400mg Hg(II) /g of sorbent. Meanwhile, all the unreacted and reacted mixed phase copper sulphides were also characterized by Powder XRD, SEM and XPS techniques. The results indicated that the sorption of Hg(II) onto mixed phase copper sulphide occurs initially through the dissolution of surface oxidized CuSO4 layer. After that, the surface complexation product formed and sorbed onto the surface of CuS. These outcomes suggest the potential ability of CuS in removing Hg(II) even if the CuS layer is being surrounded by oxidized layer of CuSO4.
Application of Activated Carbon Fiber Coated with Cobalt Oxide in Mercury Removal from Simulated Flue Gas
Authors: Diao Yong Fa , Ding Jian Dong , Yu Wan Xuan , Zou Yue , Hao Wei Hui
Published: October 2011

In this paper, cobalt oxide was deposited on the surface of Activated Carbon Fiber (ACF) by adsorption and was then sintered. The effects of cobalt oxide on the properties of ACF were studied by XPS, FTIR, and XRD methods. Mercury removal performance was also investigated. 5% cobalt was well dispersed on the surface of ACF, and a variety of oxygen-containing groups had been enhanced. The chemical functional groups on the surface of ACF were changed to strengthen the adsorption and catalytic oxidation of ACF to the element mercury (Hg0). The measurement results showed that ACF coated with cobalt oxide had higher adsorption properties.
Effects of Substrates Made of Noncrystal and Polycrystal on Photocatalytic Degradation of Basic Crystal Violet
Authors: Li Xiao Jing , Qiao Guan Jun , Ni Jin Ren
Published: October 2011

Nanometer titanium dioxide films supported on glass, quartz, molybdenum, and aluminum were prepared by sol-gel method. The loaded titanium dioxide films were characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and photocatalytic degradation of aqueous crystal violet. The titanium dioxide films supported on different substrates were all composed of polycrystalline nanoparticles, which belonged to single-phase anatase, and displayed different morphology after sintering at 773 K for 1 h. Some elements in the substrate made of noncrystal appeared on the surface of titanium dioxide films. The experiment about basic crystal violet degradation displayed the photocatalysis activity of titanium oxide films supported on the molybdenum was better.
Health Effect Valuation of Ground-Level Ozone Control in Beijing and its Surrounding Areas, China
Authors: Wan Wei , Xie Xu Xuan , Zhang Shi Qiu
Published: October 2011

Ground-level ozone pollution has attracted attention from academia and public in China recent years. This paper examines the effect and benefit of controlling ground-level ozone pollution in Beijing and its surrounding areas based on health effect valuation and cost-benefit analysis. It compares pollution damage effects under current ozone concentration and six assuming control targets then estimates the health benefit of air quality improvement by cost-benefit analysis. The result shows that, the benefit of ground-level ozone control is considerably huge for the high population density and pollution concentration area which implies the ground-level ozone pollution control policy implementation is necessary and urgent.