bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STATE OF THE MAIN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPONENTS IN THE REST AREAS OF KIZLYAR AND ITS SURROUNDINGS
Authors:   Dagestan State University, Magomedov M. Sh.
Published: January 2022

Revealing the limits of stability of natural complexes is an important task in modern urban ecology, where structural indicators of natural components, their state, and dynamics are taken as indicators. The aim of the work was to identify changes in the state of soil, vegetation and rodents in the vicinity of Kizlyar, Republic of Dagestan, caused by recreational activities. The beginning of the tourist season fell on the end of March and lasted until mid-autumn. One of the consequences of the recreational load is the compaction of the surface soil horizons, which occurs under the influence of trampling. It was revealed that under conditions of a recreational load, the hardness of the surface soil horizons was 1.7 times higher than in the control plot. Such changes in soil hardness have an impact on plant associations and, directly or indirectly, on the state of the community of murine rodents, due to their land-burrowing way of life. On the recreational site, there was a decrease in both the total number of species and the proportion of native plant species, represented mostly by meadow weed and ruderal species, while an increase in the projective cover and phytomass was noted, which may be associated with an increase in illumination. Meanwhile, the thinning of the tree layer was also noted. On both sites, 4 species of rodents were recorded. The number of yellow-bellied mice in the control plot was 2.5 times higher than in the recreational plot; public voles in the recreational plot were six times less than in the recreational plot. Forest dormouse in the recreational area - 6, on the control - 8 individuals. There are 5 individuals of the gray hamster in the recreational area, and 7 individuals in the control area. The revealed differences in the functioning of the considered natural components in the conditions of recreational nature management, apparently, is their adaptive response to environmental changes caused by resting people, mainly manifested in the form of soil compaction and disturbance.
INNOVATIVE TREATMENT OF COWS FOR MASTITIS
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Magomedova A. S. , Zayakina D. I. ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: January 2022

In the modern world of agriculture, which is directly related to the breeding of cattle, aimed in particular at milk production, the problem associated with inflammation of the udder lobes, namely mastitis, has become widespread. To a large extent, the culling of cows occurs due to the inability to completely and completely cure this disease without damaging the productivity in the herd, as well as due to complications caused as a result of the transferred inflammation (atrophy, induration, fibrosis of the udder lobes). Mostly young animals with a high genetic potential for milk production suffer from this pathology. According to statistical data, namely, in 20%-30% of cases, subclinical mastitis enters the clinical phase with a pronounced symptomatic form of lesion of the udder lobes, which in the future can lead to their atrophy and other irreversible complications. The main symptomatic signs of the general condition of an animal with a pronounced clinical form of mastitis are: the apathetic state of the animal and refusal to feed due to an increase in the general body temperature, depending on the nature of the course and the form of the disease. When considering the same pathology of its symptoms, on the basis of local signs of the course, I single out a complex of symptoms that is observed in almost all forms of udder lesions: an increase in the local temperature of the mammary gland, hyperemia and swelling of the affected lobes of the udder, or the entire organ with generalization of inflammation in all lobes, in a clinical study , namely, on palpation in the animal, a painful reaction is observed, a change in the consistency of the udder and nipples, as well as an increase and compaction of the supra-lymph nodes. When considering the economic damage on farms associated with the presence of mastitis in productive animals, there is not only a general decrease in the overall productivity of the dairy herd, which is associated with the loss of milk at production, but also with a decrease in milk yield in individual animals associated with dysfunction of the mammary gland due to the presence of impurities and inhibiting substances throughout the treatment and sometime after it. As a percentage of milk yield per lactation in cows that have undergone subclinical mastitis, there is a decrease in milk production by 10-15%, while a deterioration in the quality characteristics of products is also observed. Early diagnosis, timely treatment and prevention of subclinical mastitis is an urgent task. The main purpose of this article is the need to consider an increase in the effectiveness in the treatment of mastitis, according to the method of using the means of complex etiotropic therapy, by means of which the absence of inhibitory substances in milk will be ensured and will allow the sale of these products in the future without restrictions, as well as an increase in the economic well-being of farms, including treatment costs.
EATING BEHAVIOR OF CHINCHILLA LANIGERA AT DIFFERENT STAGES OF ONTOGENESIS UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF A HYDROGEN ANTIOXIDANT
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Petrov D. V. , Ivanov A. A. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy, Panina E. V. ,   Russian State Agrarian University – Timiryazev Moscow Agricultural Academy
Published: January 2022

The article presents materials on the peculiarities of eating behavior and data on the effect of water enriched with molecular hydrogen on the feed and water consumption of the small long-tailed chinchilla in the conditions of cellular content. Studies have shown that the animals showed nutritional activity throughout the entire daily time, but it differed in the forms of behavior (feed intake, water intake and autocoprophagia) and their duration. The maximum value in animals of both groups was recorded at 9: 00, but in the experimental group, the eating behavior was longer and amounted to 16 minutes, which is 20% (3.2 minutes) more than in the control group (12.8 minutes). The experiment also tracked the dynamics of the live weight of males and females, as well as the average daily increase at different stages of ontogenesis (60-90, 90-120 and 120-150 days). In the 1st period of cultivation, the effect of water with a hydrogen antioxidant on the feed consumption of a pair of chinchillas of the experimental group was revealed, which was 1.6 kg (0.8 kg/head), which is 13% significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the control group (1.4 kg, 0.7 kg/head). On average, a pair of chinchillas in the experimental group ate 51 grams of feed per day (25.5 g/head), which is 8% more than in the control group (47 g, 23.4 g/head). The good feed intake of the experimental group in the first growing period had a positive effect on the average daily increase in their live weight. In males of the experimental group, the average daily weight gain was 3.6 g, which is 19% more than in the control group (2.9 g), and in females of the experimental group – 3.7 g, which is 14% more than in the control group (3.2 g).
METHODS FOR INCREASING THE PRODUCTIVITY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS AND YIELD OF OIL CROPS IN THE VOLGA STEPPE
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Lekarev A. V. , Milovanov I. V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Kutyrev I. V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Kandalov E. V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: January 2022

Studies have shown that along with sunflower in the steppe Volga region, it is necessary to cultivate other valuable oilseeds more widely, among which one of the most promising is dye safflower, the seeds of which contain up to 37% fat. Safflower oil is light yellow in color, is semi-drying, and in terms of taste is not inferior to sunflower oil. The sunflower greatly dries up and impoverishes the soil, it is harvested very late and therefore it is impossible to properly cultivate the field for the next crop rotation. After the sunflower, the field is removed in pairs, i.e. do not sow anything, and it will recover during the summer. Safflower, in contrast to sunflower, is a more favorable predecessor, because it is cleaned early - in favorable midsummer weather. After harvesting it, the soil can be well prepared for subsequent culture. The aim of the research was to improve the technological methods of sunflower and safflower cultivation in the steppe Volga region. It has been established that in order to increase the production of high-quality oilseeds while saving costs and stabilizing field agrocenoses of these crops in the steppe Volga region, it is necessary to: - optimize the placement of sunflower and safflower in microzones of the Saratov region; - when growing sunflower, treat the seeds before sowing with the Albit growth stimulator (200 ml / t) and treat the crops in the budding phase with the leaf fertilizer Polydon oilseed (1.0 l / ha); - when growing safflower, apply seed treatment with a Zircon growth stimulator (30 ml / t) and treatment of crops in the budding phase with Siliplant micronutrient fertilizer (1.0 l / ha).
ANALYSIS OF FOREIGN SCIENTIFIC STUDIES OF THE INFLUENCE OF RESOURCE-SAVING TILLAGE TECHNOLOGIES ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF AGRICULTURE CROPS AND INDICATORS OF SOIL FERTILITY
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Vorotnikov I. L. , Denisov K. E. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Geraskina A. A. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: January 2022

The analysis of foreign scientific research on resource-saving tillage technologies is carried out. The accumulated experience of using various technologies of basic soil cultivation in the cultivation of agricultural crops in various soil and climatic conditions, among which strip-till occupies a special place, has been studied. As a result of the analysis, it was found that the use of deep strip tillage improves the conditions for the absorption of nutrients, better growth and development of plants and, as a result, an increase in yields, especially in adverse weather conditions. In addition, as a result of the use of the studied types of soil cultivation (zero and strip), which increase the efficiency of nitrogen accumulation in the soil and its use by plants, it is possible to reduce emissions of nitrous oxide when growing crops. It has been established that resource-saving soil cultivation technologies are an effective method of pest control in sustainable agriculture, which in turn ensures better plant growth and development, as well as an increase in the quality of the products obtained. Modern methods of soil cultivation provide an increase in crop yields, protection of soil from erosion and loss of organic matter reserves. It was concluded that strip-till soil cultivation is becoming more and more widespread and has a number of advantages due to resource saving, improvement of soil water regime and optimization of the timing of agrotechnical measures. The use of this technology helps to improve plant nutrition, increase crop yields, improve the water-physical properties of the soil, reduce nitrous oxide emissions into the atmosphere, and reduce erosion hazard.
THE APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC (INFRARED) GAS RADIATORS FOR HEATING INDUSTRIAL SPACES, TAKING INTO ACCOUNT THE CREATION OF THE REQUIRED MICROCLIMATE PARAMETERS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Rodin A. K. , Strelnikov V. A. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov
Published: January 2022

The article provides a detailed analysis of the advantages of heating systems with gas infrared emitters in order to create optimal microclimate parameters in industrial premises. The results of theoretical and experimental studies of the use of "dark" gas infrared emitters (TGII) are considered, since the issues of using such emitters currently do not yet have sufficient detail. When conducting experimental studies of the density of heat fluxes, modern equipment was used. It is shown that the method of choosing the location of emitters in the room is not perfect enough, which leads to an overestimation of their thermal power, excess of the permissible values of the heat flow and the unevenness of its distribution over the area of the room. The paper describes a calculation method that allows to determine the heat flux density from a single radiator, as well as to obtain a picture of the distribution of heat fluxes in a heated room from a group of radiators, taking into account the requirements of SanPin 2.2.4.548-96 that the deviation of the heat flux density from the average value in rooms with people staying should not exceed 10%. The article discusses the procedure for calculating a radiant heating system based on TGII, which can be divided into three stages - determining the power of the heating system, choosing the unit power of the emitters and their number, the location of the emitters inside the room. The article provides an example of calculating a heating system with TGII in accordance with the existing design guidelines for this type of radiators. As a result, a deviation of the heat flux density from the average value was obtained, amounting to 25 ... 40%, which does not meet the existing requirements. The formula and methodology proposed in the article can be used to refine the calculations in the design of heating systems with "dark" radiators.
OXIDANT STRESS IN COWS AND CALVES IN THE PATHOGENESIS OF METRITIS IN THE EARLY POSTNATAL PERIOD
Authors:   Volgograd State Agrarian University, Firsov G. M. , Akhmadov V. T. ,   Chechen State University, Loshchinin S. O. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Kalabekov V. I. ,   Kabardino-Balkarian State Agrarian University named after V. M. Kokov
Published: January 2022

The data established in the course of this work reveal the pathogenesis of metritis in fresh cows and first-calf heifers in the early puerperal period against the background of oxidative stress, in farms of various organizational and legal forms of ownership of the Volgograd, Saratov regions and the Chechen Republic of the Russian Federation. The use of indicators of the system "lipid peroxidation - antioxidant protection" (LPO-AOD) for the diagnosis of metritis in fresh cows and first-calf heifers has a high predictive reliability and, on this basis, the development of preventive measures for acute inflammation of the uterus. It was revealed that the increase in the amount of β-hydroxybutyric acids and their fractions (AcAc and BH) by 5.9 times, as well as mixing the content of buffer bases in the blood to 18.41 ± 1.53 mmol / L, glucose to 2.25 ± 0 , 16 mmol / l and the VL / AcAc index up to 1.53 ± 0.28 indicate abnormalities in metabolic metabolism characteristic of oxidative stress, with symptoms of postpartum acute metritis. It was confirmed that a 1.75-fold increase in the amount of manol dialdigide in this disease up to 1.125 ± 0.34 μmol / l, intermediate products of ketodienes, as well as conjugated trienes in the blood of fresh animals. Acute postpartum metritis in first-calf heifers and fresh-calf cows leads metabolic processes to a negative balance, increased release of estradiol and testosterone into the blood. Meanwhile, the content of cortisol (21.4 ± 3.47 ng / ml), as well as progesterone (11.2 ± 4.31 ng / ml) remains rather insignificant to ensure metabolic processes in the early pueperal period, which is associated with the completion of in the genitals of involutional processes. At the same time, the indicator of the ratio of progesterone to estradiol is significantly lower in heifers and cows with uterine disease in the primary postpartum period than in animals with its physiological course ranging from 1.8 to 2.2 times. The materials of the current work should be taken into account in the future, in the study of fresh cows and first-calf heifers suffering from acute postpartum metritis, as a concept for the development of the oxidative stress syndrome in such a pathology of metabolic processes.
RESOURCES OF THE HARE-RUSAK (LEPUS EUROPAEUS PALL.) IN THE RYAZAN AND TULA REGIONS
Authors:   Russian State Agrarian University - Timiryazev Moscow State Agriculture, Chugreev M. K. , Morgunov N. A. ,   Federal Center for the Development of Hunting Economy, Blokhin G. I. ,   Russian State Agrarian University - Timiryazev Moscow Agriculture, Tkacheva I. S. ,   Federal State Budgetary Institution Federal Center for the Development of Hunting Industry
Published: January 2022

The brown hare has always been a favorite traditional hunting species in Russia. One of the main tasks of ecology is the study of populations. The most important quantitative parameter of a biological community is the change in the number of its individuals. On the basis of the official data of animal counts, we have established some characteristics that provide information on the state of the resources of the European hare on the territory of the Ryazan and Tula regions. The aim of this work was to carry out a population analysis of the resources of the brown hare in Ryazan and Tula regions on the basis of official long-term data. Long-term official data allowed us to determine some population characteristics that provide information on the state of the resources of the traditional hunting species of the brown hare under the conditions of a powerful prey pressure and other anthropogenic factors in the hunting grounds of the Ryazan and Tula regions. The population analysis included the study of static (the number and density of the population of hares, the volume of prey, as well as the long-term average value of the number) and dynamic (the dynamics of the number and volume of prey, the absolute and relative rate of change in the population size) indicators. Primary data on the population of the brown hare were collected using the winter route census methodology. The population density of hares was determined on the total territory of the hunting grounds of the corresponding constituent entity of the federation. Based on the data obtained, it was revealed that during the study period in the Ryazan region, the number decreased by 1308 individuals (by 24.7%). In the Tula region, the number of European hares during the period under study, on the contrary, increased by 1444 individuals (by 20.2%).
THE DYNAMICS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE SHRUB WILLOWS (SALIX, SALICACEAE)
Authors:   Bryansk State University named after acad. I.G. Petrovsky, Afonin A.A.
Published: January 2022

The article presents the results of observations of the seasonal dynamics of the growth of annual shoots of two species of shrub willows: Salix triandra and Salix viminalis. Object: genetically aligned model inbred-clonal populations of S. triandra and S. viminalis. Material: growing shoots on annual cuttings. Methods: comparative morphogenetic, chronobiological, numerical analysis of the series of dynamics. Results. Clones of two species of shrub willows, phylogenetically distant from each other, demonstrated high productivity along the length of shoots on annual cuttings. On the shoots of the strongest clone of S. triandra, the length of mature shoots was 176–215 cm, on the shoots of the strongest clone of S. viminalis - 132–192 cm. As the shoots grow, the differences in length between them increase. No significant influence of the clone factor on the dynamics of the daily growth of S. triandra shoots was revealed, and the effect of the clone factor on the dynamics of the daily growth of S. viminalis shoots is insignificant. In the seasonal dynamics of the daily growth of shoots, regardless of their species and clonal affiliation, three stages of shoot development were identified: spring, early summer, and late summer. The transitions between stages are synchronized in clones regardless of species. Qualitative interspecific and interclonal differences in the seasonal dynamics of daily shoot growth were not revealed. Quantitative interspecific differences in the seasonal dynamics of daily increment were revealed only at the second stage of shoot development, with high values of daily increment. Significant interclonal differences in the seasonal dynamics of daily growth were not found: differences between the trajectories of shoot development are due to intraclonal variability within each species. Recommendations. When planning, creating and operating pure and mixed cultures of S. triandra and S. viminalis, take into account the fundamental similarity in the seasonal dynamics of the development of shoots of different species of shrub willows. When harvesting and planting cuttings, use a homogeneous mother material. Culling of weak cuttings that are lagging behind in development should be carried out in the first year of life.
RESULTS OF MODELING THE INFLUENCE OF THE PARAMETERS OF STRIP TILLAGE ON THE YIELD OF GRASS CROPS
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Vorotnikov I.L. , Rozanov A.V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Bogatyrev S.A. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Gutuev M.Sh. ,   Dagestan State University of National Economy
Published: January 2022

The article presents materials on the choice of the optimal combination of technical parameters of a combined tillage unit for short-rotation cultivation of row crops with the introduction of nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizers, taking into account their effect on yield at the preliminary stage of development and implementation of the Strip-Till system using elements of mathematical modeling. The aim of the research was to optimize the values of agrotechnical parameters of strip tillage with simultaneous application of fertilizers obtained as a result of information retrieval. The work focuses on the identification and computer optimization of operational and technical parameters that are significant from the point of view of the impact on yield. The functional dependences of sunflower yield on the depth of soil cultivation, fuel consumption, unit productivity, dose and depth of fertilization are given; For clarity, graphic interpretations of the models are combined with gradient vectors indicating the optimum points. An analysis of the magnitude and significance of the coefficients of the regression equation shows that the key parameters that have a decisive effect on the yield are the depth of application and the dose of fertilization, the depth of tillage and fuel consumption. The impact on the productivity of the unit performance is negligible. The results of mathematical modeling by the gradient descent method are supposed to be used when assigning strip tillage modes and adjusting agrotechnical parameters during the modernization of combined tillage machines in relation to the conditions of dry farming.
METHODOLOGY FOR EVALUATING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE MEANS OF TUNING THE LUBRICATION SYSTEM OF AUTOMOTIVE DIESELS
Authors:   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu. A., Denisov A.S. , Nosov A.O. ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu. A., Chentsov N.A. ,   State Inspectorate for Supervision of the Technical Condition of Self-Propelled Vehicles and Other Types of Equipment of the Saratov Region, Kondaurov A.Yu. ,   Saratov State Technical University named after Gagarina Yu. A.
Published: January 2022

The work carried out a comparative analysis of various means of functional tuning of the lubrication system of automotive diesel engines of the KAMAZ family, such as: A device for monitoring the continuity of the oil flow to the connecting rod bearings during operation, an electronic indicator of oil consumption through the crankshaft bearings, an oil pumping system that allows pumping oil before starting a diesel engine in cold time, Hydroaccumulator allowing to pump oil through the turbocharger when the engine is stopped, Level regulator automatically maintains the optimum oil level in the crankcase, Limiting machine automatically stops the operation of the diesel engine. Ensuring an increase in the reliability and durability of automotive diesel engines. A brief description is given and an economic comparison of these tuning means is made. The values of the unit costs are given, taking into account the growth of the engine resource for each tuning option. The unit costs differ insignificantly. Preference can be given to the oil level regulator and the limit switch. In terms of economic indicators, the limiting machine of the lubrication system can be recommended for practical use, among other options for the functional tuning of cars.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE USE OF THE "CLIODEZIV" TOOL FOR THE REHABILITATION OF POULTRY FACILITIES
Authors:   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Marinicheva M.P. , Strictly V.V. ,   Saratov State Agrarian University named after N. I. Vavilov, Dorozhkin V.I. ,   Federal Research Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine named after K.I. Scriabin and Ya.R. Kovalenko of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

For veterinary practice, the antimicrobial agent "Cliodeziv" (the developer organization is Pharmpromvet LLC) in the form of a powder for use in the form of a fumigation aerosol is proposed. The product as an active substance contains 40% of crystalline iodine. During thermal sublimation, iodine vapors are formed, which have a high penetrating ability and sanitizing properties. Studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of the use of the "Cliodeziv" agent in the rehabilitation of poultry houses by determining the bacterial contamination of the air and the walls of the poultry house before and after treatment. It was found that the agent "Cliodeziv" has a pronounced bactericidal activity, since it causes a significant decrease in the microbial contamination of the air and walls of the poultry room. The total microbial contamination of the air in the poultry housing decreased by 64.9% and amounted to 202 CfU, compared to 575 CfU before the experiment. The bacteriological assessment of flushes from the wall surfaces showed a decrease in bacterial contamination by 65.1%, from 1100 CfU to 384 CfU after treatment. The drug "Cliodeziv" did not have a negative effect on the biochemical parameters of the bird's blood. Under the influence of the iodine included in the product, an increase in the level of metabolic processes was noted. By the end of the experiment, the total protein content in the blood serum increased by 16.2%; cholesterol decreased by 25.25%; glucose increased by 29.86%. The test agent promotes the activation of the antioxidant protection system of birds, the activity of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase increased by 40.71% by the end of the experiment. By the end of the experiment, AlAT decreased by 35%, AsAT decreased by 21.58%, which indicates a positive effect of the drug on the muscle tissue and productivity of poultry. The product "Cliodeziv" does not have a negative impact on the veterinary and sanitary indicators of poultry meat. Organoleptic and biochemical parameters of poultry meat confirmed its good quality.
PRODUCTIVITY OF PIGS DURING REARING AND FATTENING WITH A LOW PROTEIN CONTENT, DIFFERENT RATIOS OF LIMITING AMINO ACIDS AND METABOLIC ENERGY IN THE DIETS
Authors:   Bryansk State Agrarian University, Khotmirova O. V. , Timoshkina E. I. ,   veterinary clinic "Life"
Published: January 2022

The correct use of the genetic potential of pigs will increase the efficiency of growth, lead to a good feed conversion and a high meat yield. This can be achieved through balanced feeding. The aim of the research was to study the effect of low-protein diets with different content of limiting amino acids and metabolic energy on the productivity of pigs during rearing and fattening. The effect of low-protein diets with more optimal levels of amino acids and metabolic energy on the productivity of pigs during rearing and fattening was studied. The experiment was carried out in the vivarium of the Institute of VNIIFBiP of agricultural animals on crossbred pigs (landrace круп large white; Pic-402 large white). According to the principle of paired analogues, taking into account the live weight, sex, several groups of animals were studied in the equalizing period at the age of piglets 60-65 days (live weight 20-22 kg). It was found that the use of this type of rationing contributes to more efficient protein synthesis in the body of animals, helps to predict and plan the productivity and safety of livestock, the timing of cultivation and fattening and, as a result, to obtain high economic indicators of pork production. When balancing the protein component of diets for pigs, it is necessary to take into account not only the needs for essential amino acids, but also their true ideal availability. An increase in the level of metabolic energy contributed to a decrease in the use of amino acids for energy purposes in the body of pigs; and an increase in their use in the process of protein synthesis.
NITROGEN RESERVES AND BALANCE IN PHYTOCENOSES OF THE HIGH-MOUNTAIN SUBPROVINCIA OF DAGESTAN
Authors:   Caspian Institute of Biological Resources - Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Gasanov G.N. , Salikhov Sh.K. ,   Caspian Institute of Biological Resources - Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Yahiyaev M.A. ,   Caspian Institute of Biological Resources - Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Semenova V.V. ,   Caspian Institute of Biological Resources - Dagestan Federal Research Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: January 2022

The purpose of the work is to determine the content and reserves of nitrogen, its balance in the ecosystems of the northern and southern expositions of the Mayak Mountain in the Highlands of Dagestan. For the first time, calculations of nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were performed for the High-mountain subprovincion of Dagestan. Methods. The study was conducted in 2012-2019 on the territory of the Gunib base of the Mountain Botanical Garden of the Russian Academy of Sciences. A protected regime was introduced at the experimental sites to exclude anthropogenic impact. The plots are located on the slopes of Mount Mayak: south (2100 m above sea level with a slope of 350), north (2070 m above sea level with a slope of 100). The nitrogen content in the phytomass was determined by wet salting. Nitrogen reserves and balance in phytocenoses were determined by the method of A. A. Titlyanova. Results. The productivity of phytomass on the slopes of Mount Mayak was at the northern and southern exposures: in the aboveground mass-69.62 and 66.50 c/ha * year; in the underground mass-2.07-2.10 times more. Most of the nitrogen reserves were on the slope of the northern exposure, which was probably due to the leaching of nitrogen from the soil, due to the great steepness of the southern slopes. The input part of the nitrogen balance in the phytocenoses of the Highlands of Dagestan during the decomposition of the underground mass was from 68.57 to 68.80%, depending on the slope exposure. During the decomposition of aboveground phytomass, 27.29-27.64% were received. Nitrogen fixation and intake with atmospheric precipitation amounted to a total of 3.69-4.32%. The main part of the expenditure item of the nitrogen balance accounts for the creation of net primary production of phytocenoses – 98.25-98.50%. Denitrification was 0.94-1.10%, leaching from the soil was 0.56-0.66%. In the studied protected areas, a positive nitrogen balance of + 8.47 and + 6.2 was found on the northern and southern slopes.
CHANGES IN BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITY IN FOREST SOILS OF THE BAIKAL REGION DURING REFORESTATION
Authors:   Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Korsunova Ts.D-Ts.
Published: January 2022

Data on changes in the biological activity of permafrost-taiga soils of the Baikal region during reforestation are presented. Microbiological analyses of soils were carried out according to generally accepted methods recommended by the Department of Soil Microorganisms of the Institute of Microbiology of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Soil samples for microbiological analysis were taken at a depth of up to 20 cm. The biological activity of permafrost-taiga soils was determined at three sites of larch forests of the Baikal region: yernikovo-bagulnikovy, lingonberry-raznotravny, bagulnikovo-raznotravny. As a result of the research, the following conclusions were made: the overall level of the number of microorganisms on the control variants of all larch forest sites is insignificant; deforestation leads to a change in the group structure, the level of abundance and biochemical activity of soil microorganisms; a wide spread of the group structure, compared with the control, a decrease in the number of some groups of microorganisms, the activity of a number of indicators of biochemical activity of soils on the TT-4 variant of” unsystematic " deforestation indicates an imbalance of the biological balance in the soil environment; the most favorable soil and ecological conditions for the development of microorganisms are created in the variants of fresh felling when using the TT-4 “narrow belts” and LP-49 “shuttle” technology; the biological activity of soils is highest in the variant of soils of old felling, which indicates the active functioning of the entire ecosystem. The general level of the number of microorganisms in the control variants of deforestation, violating the ecological balance of soil conditions, leads to a change in the group structure, the level of the number and enzymatic activity of soil microorganisms.
DEVELOPMENT OF FORCED MILK ICE CREAM TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Don State Agrarian University, Shirokova N.V. , Levkovskaya E.V. ,   Don State Agrarian University, Demyanova T.V. ,   Don State Agrarian University
Published: January 2022

The article is devoted to the development of technology for enriched fermented milk ice cream. The production of functional products is an urgent problem in the modern food industry. Such products must have not only functional properties, but also good organoleptic characteristics. Most types of ice cream are high in calories, high in food additives such as synthetic sweeteners, colors, flavors and stabilizers. One of the promising ways to increase the volume and improve the quality of fermented milk ice cream that meets modern requirements for a healthy diet is its enrichment with probiotic microorganisms and natural biologically active substances. In the formation of the organoleptic indicators of fermented milk ice cream, the key role belongs to the microflora of the starter cultures used, the correct selection of which affects the quality indicators of the finished product. The optimal dose of introducing fig syrup into fermented milk ice cream has been substantiated, which was determined on the basis of organoleptic indicators. The optimal amount of fig syrup was established without deteriorating the technological and consumer properties of fermented milk ice cream. The developed scheme for the production of fermented milk ice cream with fig syrup includes the acceptance and preparation of raw materials, normalization, filtration, homogenization, pasteurization, cooling to the fermentation temperature, adding fig syrup under aseptic conditions, fermentation, fermentation, adding a stabilizer-emulsifier, cooling, maturation of the fermented milk mixture, freezing, packaging and labeling. Enrichment of fermented milk ice cream with fig syrup, gives the product functional properties and allows you to expand the range of ice cream, which, with systematic use, has a beneficial effect on the body. It was found that the use of fig syrup in the technology of fermented milk ice cream improves the consistency and taste of the product. A recipe for enriched fermented milk ice cream and its production technology have been developed.
STUDY OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF RALTEGRAVIR (ISENTRESS, MSD, USA) IN REGENERATIVE ANEMIA ASSOCIATED WITH VIRAL LEUKEMIA IN CATS
Authors:   Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Zenchenkova A.P.
Published: January 2022

The leukemia virus is widespread in the population of domestic cats and, despite the study of this disease, there is no effective therapy aimed at complete eradication of the virus from the body of an infected animal. One of the most life-threatening conditions associated with the frequent death and euthanasia of infected animals is anemia. This retrospective study is aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the drug “Isentress” (MSD, USA) with the active substance Raltegravir against regenerative anemia associated with feline viral leukemia. In the group of animals receiving this drug, a decrease in the concentration of the virus in the blood was recorded, as well as an improvement in the hematological parameters of red blood. Hematological indicators and the concentration of the virus showed positive dynamics in one of the cats in the group of animals that did not take Raltegravir, but the connection with the owner of this animal was lost, which does not allow us to draw final conclusions about the nature of these laboratory phenomena. The viral load increased when the drug was discontinued, which characterizes the need for lifelong administration of Raltegravir. There were no side effects requiring withdrawal of the drug. The only registered side effect was lethargy in one of the infected cats, but it was not possible to associate apathy with taking the drug due to the presence of hematological abnormalities associated with severe anemia in the animal at the time of the side effect. Raltegravir has shown efficacy and safety when taken in cats with regenerative anemia associated with feline viral leukemia, however, further studies are required to assess the safety of the drug when taken for a long time in infected cats.
THE FORMATION OF DIGITALIZATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES OF RECLAIMED AGRICULTURE
Authors:   All-Russian Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering and Melioration named after A.N. Kostyakov, Yurchenko I.F.
Published: January 2022

The key problem of the development of digitalization in agriculture remains the low interest of commodity producers in these innovations, which actualizes the role of science in providing large-scale information support to the solutions received in terms of the effectiveness of their practical use and recommendations for preventing unforeseen consequences that help attract farmers ' investments to their development and implementation. The purpose of this research is to form a resource of information and analytical support for the formation of digitalization of agricultural technologies of reclaimed agriculture based on the results of studying, analyzing and systematizing data and information about both the advantages and achievements, as well as about the difficulties and negative indicators of the use of digital technologies in the crop production system of agriculture. The basic method of research is the theory of system analysis, analog and expert assessments. The analysis of the use of automated control systems for technological processes of land reclamation in agricultural production has been carried out, which has established a low level of implementation of developed and tested in practice software and technical automation complexes. The priority number of objective and subjective reasons for insufficient investment attractiveness for commodity producers of digitalization of technological processes of agricultural production is shown. A list of priority technologies for the successful development of digitalization of reclaimed agroecosystems has been formed, including digital modeling, analytical procedures based on large amounts of data, neural networks and artificial intelligence, the industrial Internet of Things, cloud technologies. The principles of effective functioning of automated systems and measures for integrating the latter into the agricultural production system are presented. Overcoming the difficulties and complications of the process of digitalization of agro-reclamation technologies will more than pay off by increasing labor productivity, reducing production costs, and improving product quality.
TECHNIQUES FOR OPTIMIZING THE QUALITY OF CORN
Authors:   Penza State Agrarian University, Semina S.A. , Gavryushina I.V. ,   Penza State Agrarian University, Paliychuk A.S. ,   Penza State Agrarian University
Published: January 2022

Corn is the most important feed crop, it provides high-energy feed, is indispensable for the production of high-quality silage. The introduction of mineral fertilizers, as well as their addition with trace elements, helps to improve the nutritional value of the feed, reduce the amount of fiber in the green mass and increase the content of raw protein. The article presents the results of research on the study of non-root processing of corn with complex fertilizers with trace elements at various levels of root nutrition. It was found that the greatest influence on the accumulation of protein substances in the maize biomass was exerted by mineral fertilizers, which contribute to the growth of raw protein, on average, by 1.24-1.35% compared to the non-maneuverable agrophone. There is a tendency to increase the protein content of biomass during foliar processing of corn plants. From the use of complex fertilizers with trace elements, the protein collection increased by 6.5-26.5 %. Depending on the agrophone and the complex fertilizers used, no significant changes in the content of raw fiber were detected. Non-root treatment with fertilizers with trace elements contributed to obtaining a greater yield of exchange energy, compared with the options without foliar treatment of crops, the increase was 3.4-15.5% on fertilized, and 13.5-24.5% on non − fertilized agricultural backgrounds. In all the studied agrophones, the advantage of non-root treatment with Cytovite was revealed in terms of the output of exchange energy. The use of ECOFUS is slightly inferior to it in terms of efficiency.
ANALYSIS OF THE STRUCTURE OF INTERREGIONAL TRADE IN THE REPUBLIC OF BURYATIA
Authors:   Buryat Scientific Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Piskunov E.Y.
Published: January 2022

The article describes the commodity structure and geography of interregional trade in the Republic of Buryatia. In particular, the practical importance of the study of interregional trade is justified and the main problems of such studies in the domestic practice of research are described. In addition, the distinctive features, sources and structure of the statistical data used in the study are disclosed. The results of the analysis show the structure of interregional trade in the Republic of Buryatia in the context of trade directions (import-internal-export) and by product groups (consumer goods and industrial and technical goods). These results are linked to the structure of the economy and the special territorial position of the republic. In particular, the more than nine-fold superiority of import volumes over export volumes is due to poorly developed manufacturing and mining industries. It is established that a total of 67 regions of Russia supply various goods to the republic. The key positions from the list of imported goods are occupied by various types of fuel, products of metallurgical production, passenger cars and alcoholic beverages. The almost three-fold excess of the volume of products consumed within the republic over the volume of exports is due to the significant distance from the centers of the main interregional agglomerations and the territorial sparseness of the surrounding area. Despite the relatively small export volumes, deliveries from the Republic of Buryatia are carried out in 35 regions of Russia. This fact is associated with the availability of the main transport arteries of the country – the Trans-Siberian Railway and the federal highway P258 "Baikal". The key positions from the list of goods exported from the republic are occupied by food industry products and various non-metallic mineral products. The analysis of the geography of interregional trade revealed the decline in its intensity (import-export turnover, mln. rub.) as you move away from the republic in a westerly direction, as well as its concentration with the regions located in close proximity to the main transport arteries of the country. The western regions are mostly net suppliers of the republic in terms of import and export volumes, while the majority of the eastern regions are net consumers.
ANALISIS PERTANGGUNGJAWABAN PELAKU TINDAK PIDANA PERJUDIAN JENIS TOTO GELAP ONLINE
Authors: Arnando Texas
Published: January 2022

Gambling is a deliberate bet that is risking precious thing by realizing certain risks and expectations. such as the online lottery gambling case which had been decided by the Class IA of District Court of Tanjungkarang Number 978/Pid.B/2020/PN.Tjk. The result of the study reveals that criminal liability against black toto gambler online in Lampung namely by imprisonment for 1 (one) year while the judge's consideration in deciding the perpetrators was based on Decision Number 978/Pid.B/2020/PN.Tjk. including the demands of the public prosecutor, observe the indictment of the public prosecutor, listening to statements from witnesses, expert statements, statements of the defendant and evidence, legal facts revealed at trial, then consider the criminal elements of the defendant's actions seen from the Public Prosecutor's Indictment, If the criminal elements have been met, the Panel of Judges will give consideration to aggravating and mitigating factors for the accused.