bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of HEART Score in Predicting Major Adverse Cardiac Events in Patients with Possible Acute Coronary Syndrome Presenting to the Emergency Department
Authors: Afroz Fahdia , Ullah Mohammad , Nabi Shah Golam , Tuhin Md Ruhul Amin , Rahman Md Mahbubur , Abdullah Md , Islam Md Saiful , Arefin Md Minhaj
Published: October 2023

Introduction: Acute coronary syndrome is very challenging & sometimes very confusing to diagnose. The HEART score was designed to be a prognostic prediction model, using information from the patient’s history, ECG, age, risk factors, and troponin level at the initial emergency department. This study was conducted to assess the role of HEART score in predicting major adverse cardiac events in patients with possible acute coronary syndrome presenting to the emergency department.
Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted among 453 patients presented with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) at the Department of Cardiology, National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2023 to June 2023 to assess the role of HEART score in predicting major adverse cardiac events (MACE) in patients with possible acute coronary syndrome. The study population was divided into two groups depending on HEART score. MACE was observed between these two groups.
Results: Mean age of the respondents was 53.45±11.23 years where 77.7% of them were male. 55% had smoking habit, 36% had history of Diabetes Mellitus, and 38% had history of HTN. Among the respondents 62.9 % was improved. 11.03 % respondents developed heart failure, 14.34% recurrent ischemic pain, 7.9% of recurrent MI, 2.8 % cardiogenic shock, and 0.88 % cases of death. HEART score as predictor was statistically significant (X2=69.7, df=1, p<0.05), indicated to distinguish between major adverse cardiac events and no major cardiac events.
Conclusion: Almost one third of respondents with high HEART score had heart failure and recurrent ischemic pain. There was statistically significant difference in incidence of major adverse cardiac events between high and low HEART score groups. The HEART score can be used to predict risk for major adverse cardiac events effectively in patients with suspected ACS. This can help us to determine needs for urgent treatment and hospitalization among the patients who present with suspected ACS.
Cardiovasc j 2023; 16(1): 9-16
Impact of Serum Free Triiodothyronine level in Predicting the Degree of Myocardial Injury In Patients With Acute ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Ullah Mohammad , Hasan Md Mehadi , Khalequzzaman Md , Islam Kazi Nazrul , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Easmin Tania
Published: October 2023

Background:  Acute myocardial infarction is one of the leading causes of death across the world. Acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) occurs from occlusion of one or more coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. This abrupt disruption of blood flow is due to plaque rupture, erosion, fissuring or dissection resulting in obstructing thrombus. This transmural myocardial ischemia results in myocardial injury or necrosis, systolic and diastolic impairment. The cardiovascular system is very sensitive to thyroid hormones and a wide spectrum of cardiac changes have long been recognized in overt thyroid dysfunction. In the form of free T3 (FT3) as biologically active thyroid  hormone, has various effects on the cardiovascular system, including upregulating effective myocardial contractile function, decreasing systemic vascular resistance, as well as improving endothelial function and promoting angiogenesis. In severe illness of non-thyroidal origin, including acute STEMI, thyroid hormone system may be rapidly down regulated. So the decrease in FT3 level may lead to decreased cardiovascular protection in patients with AMI.
Methods: Total 110 patients with STEMI were approached for this study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Patient were divided into two groups- low serum FT3 level (<3.5 pmol/L) in group A  and  normal serum FT3  level ( >3.5 pmol/L) in group B.
Results: Among 110 patients in our study 40 (36%) were in the low FT3 group ( Group A) and 70( 64%) were in normal FT3 group ( Group B). Serum troponin-I values were significantly higher in Group A (13.9±11.0 ) than in group B ( 9.7±8.9 ) with p value .027. Wall motion abnormality was present in 39(97.5%) Vs 60(85.7%) patients with p value 0.047. LVEF was significantly lower in group A (41.08±6.55) than group B (44.47±6.99) with a p value of  .014.
Conclusion:  As Low FT3 level in acute STEMI was associated with significantly lower left ventricular ejection (LVEF) and higher levels of cardiac biomarker, preferably troponin I, inclusion of serum FT3 may be a predictor for myocardial injury in STEMI.
Cardiovasc j 2023; 16(1): 32-39
Utility of 3D mapping in Electrophysiology-Less Time with Greater Success in Difficult Accessory Pathway Ablation
Authors: Bala Poppy , Jaswal Aparna , Saxena Anil , Telikicherla Ravikanth , Chakravarty Amitesh , Islam Nighat , Khan Mahmood Hasan
Published: October 2023

This is a challenging case of Wolff–Parkinson–White syndrome which was located in the right posteroseptum region. Patient had a previous unsuccessful attempt at ablation. It is often difficult to precisely locate this type of accessory pathway. A repeat procedure using 3D electroanatomic mapping, the electroanatomic geometry of the heart was created. The accessory pathway potential was identified and the accessory pathway was successfully ablated in minimum amount of time. In this case report showed that the advanced three-dimensional cardiac mapping system plays a very important role in guiding clinicians in order to precisely locate and safely ablate this type of challenging accessory pathway.
Cardiovasc j 2023; 16(1): 47-52
Peculiarities of cytokine status and inflammatory activity in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis accompanying with chronic tonsillitis
Authors:   Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine, Basista A. , Batig V. ,   Bukovyna State Medical University, Chernivtsi, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

Introduction. The relationship of pathological processes occurring in the periodontal tissues and pharyngeal area had great importance due to the similarity of their etiological and pathogenetic stages. Recent studies have shown that cytokines are triggers of the inflammatory process in periodontal tissues and predictors of progression of pathological changes in them. Therefore, while studying the pathogenesis of generalized periodontitis on the background of chronic tonsillitis, it is important to assess the synergistic effect of proinflammatory cytokines, which can be markers of local changes and diagnostic criteria for severity and activity of pathological inflammatory process in periodontal tissues. The aim of the study was to study the level of proinflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in the serum of patients with generalized periodontitis on the background of chronic tonsillitis. Material and methods. The clinical and immunological study involved 97 patients aged 18 to 59 years, of which formed 3 study groups: group I – 32 people with periodontal disease on the background of chronic tonsillitis (CT); group II – 35 people with periodontal lesions without concomitant CT; control – 30 clinically healthy individuals. Results. The study of cytokine status in the serum showed a probable increase in levels of proinflammatory cytokines γ-IFN, TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6 in patients of study group I compared with other groups, indicating a «cytokine explosion». There was a tendency of the hyperergic reaction formation and generalization of inflammatory process. The reflection of the degree of inflammatory process in patients with gingivitis and periodontitis on the background of chronic tonsillitis was an increased concentration of bone resorption marker IL-1β, which was determined as highest in group I with gingivitis and generalized periodontitis initial – I stage. The maximum level of C-reactive protein was determined in group I (4.4 times higher than in the control). Conclusions. Particular attention should be paid to patients of group I with periodontal disease on the background of CT, where level of the studied parameters was the highest compared to the data of other study groups. It should be added that depending on the degree of inflammatory and dystrophic-inflammatory processes in periodontal tissues an increased overproduction of IL-1β in serum could be reliably considered as an indicator of activity and progression of periodontal disease accompanying with chronic tonsillitis. Key words: periodontium, periodontitis, gingivitis, chronic tonsillitis, inflammation, cytokines.
Surgical correction of architectonic disorders of the vestibule of the mouth using mucosal transplant
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Mahlynets N.
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of сomplex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth through surgical and orthodontic treatment. Research methods. 30 people aged 9–12 years with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth were examined and treated. Patients of I group (15 people) underwent plastic surgery of the vestibule of the mouth by the classical method, and patients of II group (15 people) – the proposed correction of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth, where the wound heals with primary tension using palatine mucosal grafts. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies have shown that all patients (30) had changes in the architecture of the vestibule of the mouth, which appeared with low attachment of the frenulum of the lip on maxilla and high – on mandible; 86.6 % (26/30) of patients have connective tissue strands in the area of the canines and premolars. The results of cytomorphometric and rheographic studies indicated a deficiency of blood supply in these areas. We found that up to 12 years in children may increase the depth of the mouth. The results of clinical and laboratory examination showed the advantage of the proposed treatment plan and our developed surgical correction of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth, where the wound heals with primary tension. Long-term results indicate the formation of a normorthophic scar, the absence of recurrences and recessions of the gums in the area of projections of connective tissue strands, the normalization of clinical and laboratory parameters. The obtained data significantly differ from those in the group of patients where the surgical wound heals with secondary tension (p < 0.05). Conclusions. The formation of the depth of the mouth of the mouth occurs up to 12 years, which is why you need to follow the recommendations for time intervals when performing surgery in the area of the mouth of the mouth. Surgical correction of disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth is an important and necessary stage of complex treatment of patients with maxillomandibular anomalies and disorders of the architectonics of the vestibule of the mouth, because only by eliminating the etiological factor we can achieve the desired therapeutic effect in the treatment of such patients. Key words: vestibule of the mouth, frenulum of the lips, connective tissue strands, mucosal transplants.
The features of patient adaptation to removable partial dentures based on the dynamic study of the mucous membrane condition of an oral cavity in the new functioning conditions
Authors:   Lviv National Medical University named after Danyla Halytskoho, Lviv, Ukraine, Makieiev V. , Hunovskyi Ya. ,   Lviv National Medical University named after Danyla Halytskoho, Lviv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

Relevance. Theadaptation to removable partial dentures is a multilevel process. At the beginning of usage, removable dentures irritate the tissues that interact directly with the prosthesis and are perceived as a foreign object by the patient. The irritating effect of prostheses is caused by their non-physiological pressure on the tissues that interact directly with the prosthesis, elimination of the bases plastic monomer, and change of the microbiological status of the oral cavity. The goal of the study. To determine the features of clinical and functional adaptation of patients in orthopedic rehabilitation with thermoplastic and acrylic prostheses. Materials and methods. For this clinical study, 60 patients with partial absence of teeth were examined. The patients underwent orthopedic rehabilitation with partial removable dentures (1st group – 30 patients used thermoplastic removable dentures; 2nd group – 30 patients used acrylic removable dentures).The number of patient visits for each of the studied groups for the correction in the adaptation period to fix partial removable dentures with bases of thermoplastic and acrylic materials treated with polishing pastes Blue Shine, ThermoGloss was analyzed. Results. Clinical studies have shown clear advantages of thermoplastic prostheses. The obtained data indicate a much smaller negative impact on the removable denture bases made of thermoplastic polymer compared to the acrylic polymer bases. Also, thermoplastic dentures show better results in patient adaptation. Patients with removable dentures made of thermoplastic and acrylic polymers showed better clinical results if the surface of the dentures was treated with ThermoGloss polishing paste. Conclusions. Using the ThermoGloss polishing paste for the final polishing of polymers has reduced the inflammatory response of the mucous membrane of the tissues that interact directly with the prosthesis and has increased its resistance to the negative effects of the partial removable dentures during adaptation. In turn, this helped reduce the number of visits to correct the prosthesis, as well as reduce the time of adaptation. Key words: adaptation to removable dentures, thermoplastic polymer, acrylic polymer bases, polishing pastes.
Results of dental examination of patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease
Authors:   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Stetsenko T. , Doroshenko M. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

Introduction. Dental syndrome in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease is accompanied by damage to the soft tissues of the oral cavity, pathology of the periodontal tissues and hard tissues of the teeth with the development of tooth enamel erosion, caries and its complications, which lead to tooth loss and the appearance of dentition defects. A significant number of such patients require orthopedic treatment. The issue of studying the harmful effects of dental metal alloys of dental prostheses on the body of patients with general somatic pathology is still relevant and is extremely important in the medical and social spheres. Goal. Assessment of the dental status of 119 patients aged 25–65 with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Research methods. Survey, primary examination, evaluation of oral hygiene, condition of hard tissues of teeth and periodontal tissues, pH-metry of mixed saliva. The results. The hygienic status, the condition of the hard tissues of the teeth and periodontal tissues in patients with the erosive form of GERD was significantly worse compared to patients with the non-erosive form, and the available strain-soldered and metal structures, especially with a violation of their integrity, further worsened the oral hygiene of the patients both experimental groups. Conclusions. The study of the features of the lesions of the oral cavity in patients with GBD will allow us to identify certain patterns that will allow us to carry out correct diagnostic and treatment measures. Key words: gastroesophageal reflux disease, dental examination, defects of teeth and dental rows.
The differential diagnostics of pain syndrome in the maxillofacial area. Analysis of a clinical case
Authors:   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bezkorovaina L. , Harlyauskaite I. ,   "Medgarant" LLC, Kyiv, Ukraine, Ponomarenko Yu. ,   "Neurodiagnostics Center" LLC, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

The purpose of the study was to demonstrate the main stages of a complex examination and differential diagnosis of atypical facial pain on the example of a case from clinical practice. In modern conditions, the diagnosis and effective treatment of pain in the maxillofacial area is based on a multidisciplinary approach. Often, the causes of pain in the face, jaws and tongue are different. The variety of causes, complex and multi-component diagnostic protocols (and as a result, a high risk of diagnostic mistakes) – all that requires deep knowledge of the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the maxillofacial area, without which it is impossible to understand the diagnosis of the above-mentioned diseases. Based on the subjective characteristics of the pain syndrome and neurological symptoms, it is not always possible to reliably establish the etiology of facial pain. It is quite risky to draw final diagnostic conclusions even with relatively high efficiency of prescribed medicine therapy, since the syndromological approach to the treatment of such patients widely used in practice is palliative in nature and does not contain requirements for a clear assessment of the etiological factor. In the case of persistent facial pain, it is important to perform special studies to verify and evaluate the structural changes involved in the process of changing anatomical formations. The presence of objective symptoms is an important criterion in the topical diagnosis of facial prosopalgia. A clinical case of prosopalgia in a 35-year-old female patient with symptoms of trigeminal neuralgia is presented. The patient marked the positive effects from the use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (nimesulide and ibuprofen) and antiseizure medications (carbamazepine). A thorough examination of the patient's dental status made it possible to verify the diagnosis – follicular cyst of the left upper jaw from the retained and dislocated 28th tooth, orofacial pain associated with diseases of dento-alveolar and accompanying structures. The surgical treatment made it possible to successfully cure the patient. Differential diagnosis of pain in the maxillofacial area is a difficult task for both dentists and neurologists. Usually, such patients do not apply immediately after the problem arises but after some time, so additional signs of sensory, motor and trophic disorders may be detected in their status. There are often cases when the same etiological factor may cause different clinical symptoms, on the other side, a similar clinical complex is able to develop under the influence of different causes. Keywords: orofacial pain, dento-alveolar disorders, dentistry, differential diagnosis, follicular cyst.
Improving the quality of diagnosis of maxillomandibular anomalies on the background of chronic habits
Authors:   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Makhlynets N. , Ozhogan Z. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine, Pantus A. ,   Ivano-Frankivsk National Medical University, Ivano-Frankivsk, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

The aim of the study. Improving the effectiveness of the diagnosis of maxillomandibular anomalies among the patients with pathological occlusion, existing bad habits is relevant due to the spread of social stress among young people and the search for its compensation through the development of bad habits. Research methods. We conducted clinical and radiological methods of examination of 60 patients aged 15–17 with acquired maxillomandibular anomalies, deformities, and 15 people in the comparison group. We studied the data of computer tomograms, performed stereotopometric analysis (threedimensional cephalometry), determination of the thickness of the masticatory muscles in symmetrical areas of the face. Patients underwent a secret questionnaire to identify stressors that affected the body, studied the relationship between the presence of stress and the appearance of changes in cephalometric parameters. Scientific novelty. Clinical studies and survey results have shown that 95 % of patients surveyed have bad habits that are associated with chronic social stress. The results of examination of cephalometric analysis and photoprotocol confirm the expressed disproportions of one of the jaws, where there is a oral habit; confirm the presence of acquired rather than congenital deformity of the facial skeleton, which is associated with changes in the thickness of the masticatory muscles on the side of the deformation. Conclusions. Our research has shown that bad habits progress in the presence of chronic social stress, which according to the survey results in 95% of patients. Distance learning is the most important stress factor in most patients surveyed.3D cephalometric analysis should be included in the mandatory methods for the diagnosis of acquired deformities of the maxillofacial area. Clinical and radiological research methods help the orthodontist to identify a whole range of interrelated etiological factors in the development of dental anomalies and acquired deformities of the maxillofacial area and make a correct plan of complex treatment. Key words: Stress, Sleeping Habits, Tongue Habits, Cephalometry, Face, Orthodontic, Deformities.
Results of dental examination of patients with bite pathology and headache
Authors:   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Drogomyretska M. , Yezerska O. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

Introduction. In recent years, there is more and more information about the relationship between headache, temporomandibular disorders, occlusion disorders and craniocervical disorders in patients with bite pathology. According to research results, more than 70% of patients with occlusal disorders complain of chronic pain (headache, pain in the neck, temples, temporomandibular joint – TMJ, eyeballs), sometimes with radiation to the hand, discomfort and soreness of body muscles.Finding an effective solution to the problem of headache, bite pathology and TMJ dysfunction and cranio-cervical disorders is an extremely urgent and unsolved problem of modern dentistry and should be solved by a combination of orthodontic, orthopedic and osteopathic treatment. Goal. Evaluation of the dental status of 356 patients aged 24–60 years with bite pathology and headache. Research methods. Survey, questionnaire using visual analog scale (VAS), primary examination, clinical (including manual muscle palpation), dental and laboratory (study of diagnostic models in the articulator), statistical processing of the results. The results. With vertical anomalies of the bite, the headache can be localized in different parts of the head, in the case of transversal - mainly onesided pain in the parietal and temporal regions. With a mesial bite, a headache was noted in most patients in the temporal areas of the head, mainly on both sides, with a distal bite - in the parietal area on both sides. In patients with bite pathology and headache, a functionally healthy condition of the TMJ was established in 3.4%, suspicion of TMJ dysfunction in 37.9%, pronounced muscle and joint dysfunction in 58.7% of the examined Conclusions. The study of correlations between occlusion pathology, TMJ dysfunction and cranio-cervical adaptation in adult patients with headache will reveal certain regularities that will allow correct preventive diagnostic and therapeutic measures to be taken. Key words: headache, bite pathology, temporomandibular joint dysfunction
Impact of chronic oral mucosal disease onon the patients’ quality of life
Authors:   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kolenko Yu. , Synko A. ,   National Medical University named after A.A. Bogomoltsa, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

Actuality. Oral health (dental health) is an important factor that affects the quality of human life. Deterioration of oral cavity health adversely affects speech, chewing and swallowing, and social activities. According to the literature, the prevalence of diseases of the oral mucosa ranges from 10.8 to 61.6% in various populations with clinically significant morbidity and high prevalence among young people. Purpose: analysis of the impact of oral mucosal diseases on patients' quality of life using the COMDQ questionnaire. Materials and methods. 90 patients aged 18–62 years with lichen planus, chronic recurrent aphthous stomatitis, leukoplakia and other chronic diseases of the oral mucosa participated in the study. Patients' quality of life was assessed using the COMDQ questionnaire on chronic diseases of the oral mucosa.Statistical analysis was performed using the MedStat program and Microsoft Excel; using the Student's test, statistically significant differences between indicators were determined; the Shapiro- Wilk test was used to check the distribution of the variation series for normality. Spearman's coefficient was used to assess the relationship between indicators. Results. The mean age of the patients was 36.5±26. The mean scores for the COMDQ were 1.3±0.7 for «pain and functional limitations», 1.5±0.7 for «medication and treatment», 2.3±0.9 for «society and emotional state» and 2.3±0.6 for «patient support». Conclusion. The COMDQ questionnaire is a short and informative tool for determining the quality of life of patients with chronic oral mucosal disease. Key words: chronic oral mucosal disease, quality of life, COMDQ questionnaire, indicators, correlations.
Prospects for the introduction of training to improve knowledge, skills and practical skills in the specialty «Dentistry» for family doctors at the Department of Orthopedic Dentistry of the National University of Health of Ukraine named after P. L. Shupyk
Authors:   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Bida V. , Doroshenko O. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Volosovets T. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Leonenko P. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Omelyanenko O. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Doroshenko M. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine, Andrusenko A. ,   National University of Health Care of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyka, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: October 2023

Relevance. Dental diseases, including dentoalveolar anomalies, have a significant prevalence and occupy a leading place in the structure of the general morbidity of the population of Ukraine. In the context of a pandemic and a state of war, the effectiveness of preventive measures has fallen sharply, which negatively affects the dental health of the population. An important role in solving this problem should be taken by family doctors, who are representatives of the primary level of health care. A family doctor should take a leading place in the prevention and detection of diseases, including dental diseases, pay special attention to hygiene education and education of the population, health education. Therefore, much attention has recently been paid to an interdisciplinary approach in dentistry, which will significantly improve the effectiveness of patient treatment. Purpose – scientific and methodological substantiation of the need for continuous professional development of general practitioners in dental care for the population at the dental departments of the National University of Health of Ukraine named after P.L. Shupyk. Results. Priority areas for training general practitioners in the preservation of dental health have been identified. Conclusions. Awareness of the family doctor with preventive dental measures will make it possible to bring primary medical care closer to the population, ensure its quality and accessibility, prevent the development of severe pathology and conduct appropriate comprehensive, including orthopedic treatment. Keywords: family doctor, prevention of dental diseases, primary health care.
SOBRE A ESPECIFICIDADE DO DIREITO À LIBERDADE RELIGIOSA
Authors: Paulo Belli Fabio
Published: October 2023

Não obstante o reconhecimento amplo da liberdade religiosa nos principais documentos que regem direitos humanos a nível internacional, a pergunta pela especificidade da religião ainda permanece. Isso se deve, em grande parte, à imprecisão a respeito da natureza da religião e à incerteza sobre o alcance do direito humano à liberdade de religião. Essa constatação é válida tanto para as inquirições filosóficas, quanto para as hermenêuticas constitucionais. Do ponto de vista político, o uso desse direito é controverso, visto que não está regrado por uma compreensão comum de ‘religião’. O debate recente tem dividido os teóricos entre aqueles que acreditam ser possível identificar uma característica especial da religião e, consequentemente, a necessidade de um direito à liberdade religiosa em separado, e os que não veem nada de especial na religião em relação a outras liberdades, defendendo que este direito pode ser derivado de outros direitos que protegem liberdades. Defender a legitimidade de um direito humano à liberdade religiosa contemporaneamente implica oferecer um conceito razoável de ‘religião’ e, ao mesmo tempo, situar os interesses políticos que estão envoltos na temática.
PALAVRAS CHAVE: Religião. Liberdade. Liberdade religiosa. Direitos. Direitos humanos.
 
ABSTRACT
Despite the broad recognition of religious freedom in major international human rights documents, the question of the specificity of religion still remains. This is largely due to the ambiguity surrounding the nature of religion and the uncertainty regarding the scope of the human right to religious freedom. This observation holds true both for philosophical inquiries and constitutional hermeneutics. From a political perspective, the exercise of this right is controversial, as it is not regulated by a common understanding of 'religion.' The recent debate has divided theorists between those who believe it is possible to identify a special characteristic of religion and, consequently, the need for a separate right to religious freedom, and those who see nothing special about religion compared to other liberties, arguing that this right can be derived from other rights that protect freedoms. Defending the legitimacy of a human right to religious freedom in contemporary times implies providing a reasonable concept of 'religion' while also considering the political interests involved in the subject matter.
Keywords: Religion. Freedom. Religious freedom. Rights. Human rights.
Teaching Strategies of the 21st Century Skills Adapted to the Local Needs
Authors: Soghomonyan Zaruhi , Karapetyan Astghik
Published: October 2023

Evident is that fact that ICTs are at the core of fast-changing economy. However, ICTs in themselves do not create a knowledge-based economy. Innovation starts with people, making human capital within the workforce decisive. Current workplaces require highly skilled workers who not only need excellent technical preparation but also sufficient skills to adapt to the changing requirements. According to Kozma, a concern about developing future workforces endowed with the "21st century" skills resulted in a goal for school reform that was centered on information communication and technology. Yet, in recent years, the global discourse has evolved to include broader concerns about global citizenship and global competence, resulting in a number of frameworks, which define the 21st century skills. Each framework approaches the skills from a variety of perspectives. The research subject is unveiled through a survey investigation, accompanied by a subcategory known as a descriptive case study. The foundational approach of the provided article is rooted in the quantitative research methodology. Ultimately, the outcomes of the executed analysis will function as a novel methodological instrument for the educators within the Department of Foreign Languages at Y University. This article seeks to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the theories pertaining to 21st century skills, along with existing definitions and methodologies associated with instructing one specific 21st century skill—citizenship. By utilizing the Republic of Armenia as a contextual case study, the article substantiates the notion that the responsibility for integrating the teaching of this skill lies not only with primary and secondary schools, but also extends to tertiary education establishments. The article underscores the argument that the incorporation of certain, if not all, 21st century skills can be accomplished without necessitating extensive curriculum overhauls or substantial transformations. Instead, minor adjustments introduced within the pedagogical process are deemed sufficient for the successful infusion of these skills into the educational discourse. Additionally, the article comprises two comprehensive lesson plans delineating potential pathways for the progression of the "Engaged Citizen/Citizenship" skill within the curriculum.
A gap analysis on modelling of sea lice infection pressure from salmonid farms. I. A structured knowledge review
Authors: Moriarty M , Murphy JM , Brooker AJ , Waites W , Revie CW , Adams TP , Lewis M , Reinardy HC , Phelan JP , Coyle JP , Rabe B , Ives SC , Armstrong JD , Sandvik AD , Asplin LC , Karlsen Ø , Garnier S , á Norði G , Gillibrand PA , Last KS , Murray AG
Published: October 2023

Sustainability of aquaculture, an important component of the blue economy, relies in part on ensuring assessment of environmental impact and interactions relating to sea lice dispersing from open pen salmon and trout farms. We review research underpinning the key stages in the sea lice infection process to support modelling of lice on wild salmon in relation to those on farms. The review is split into 5 stages: larval production; larval transport and survival; exposure and infestation of new hosts; development and survival of the attached stages; and impact on host populations. This modular structure allows the existing published data to be reviewed and assessed to identify data gaps in modelling sea lice impacts in a systematic way. Model parameterisation and parameter variation is discussed for each stage, providing an overview of knowledge strength and gaps. We conclude that a combination of literature review, empirical data collection and modelling studies are required on an iterative basis to ensure best practice is applied for sustainable aquaculture. The knowledge gained can then be optimised and applied at regional scales, with the most suitable modelling frameworks applied for the system, given regional limitations.
Categorically Complex
Authors:   , van Langen Myrte Janine Marinda
Published: October 2023

Psychiatric classifications are names that we give to clusters of symptoms. They were developed to standardize mental health care, but their impact has come to stretch well beyond that. Classifications shape the way we understand psychological differences between people, both in mental health practice and in society as a whole. In this thesis, we focus on the classification ADHD. First, we investigate how ADHD is understood by ADHD stakeholders and in psychoeducational materials. Then we explore how psychiatric classifications affect how a young adult is perceived by the public. Finally, we look at the clinical utility of reward sensitivity for predicting treatment outcome in ADHD. We show that our understanding of ADHD is characterized by conflict and ambivalence. This is evident not so much between different parties, but within individuals and within the overarching professional perspective on ADHD. These conflicts are caused by subtle but relevant misunderstandings in how we discuss and communicate about ADHD. We therefore highlight the importance of clear communication about what we do and do not know about psychiatric classifications and what they do and do not mean. Specifically, understanding of the nature of psychiatric classifications should extend beyond the research community. It should be shared, discussed and, most importantly, be interpreted with all stakeholders involved. If we work towards clear communication, we can ensure less misunderstanding and conflict, more focus on the individual needs, and we can improve how individuals with classifications understand themselves in the context of their difficulties.
ČO JE QUEER/KVÍR TEÓRIA PRÁVA? (2. ČASŤ)
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Šoltýs Dominik
Published: October 2023

THE QUEER THEORY OF LAW – WHAT DOES IT MEAN? (2ND PART) Predložená štúdia sa zameriava na pojem, znaky, povahu, metódy a metodológiu queer teórie práva v kontexte významu špecifík pojmu queer a vo všeobecnom kontexte queer teórie. V nadväznosti na to popisuje, zdôvodňuje a analyzuje vplyv vyjadrenia prvku fluidnosti a diverzity v právnej vede. Štúdia je rozdelená do dvoch častí. Ústredným momentom predloženej druhej časti je zlučiteľnosť nonnormatívneho pôsobenia queer s právnou schopnosťou štandardizovať vzory konania v právnych normách. Za týmto účelom predstavuje súčasné pokusy právnej filozofie konštruovať queer teóriu práva, a to takým spôsobom, ktorý by dokázal zahrnúť diverzitu do právneho myslenia, resp. by dokázal teoreticky reprezentovať queer identitu/identity alebo pozíciu LGBTQIA+ ľudí v oblasti práva a právnej vedy. Záver štúdie je venovaný úvahám a dôvodom, prečo je nevyhnutné v prostredí slovenskej právnej vedy hovoriť o vzniku queer teórie práva. URL: http://sic.pravo.upjs.sk/ The study aims on the concept, signs, nature, methods, and methodology of queer legal theory in the context of specific features related to the term queer, and in the general context of queer theory. Following this, it describes, justifies, and analyzes the influence of fluidity and diversity in jurisprudence. The study has two parts. The central moment of second part is the influence of queer non-normativity vis-à-vis legal normativity. For this purpose, it presents the current attempts of legal philosophy to construct a queer theory of law, in such a way that it would be able to include diversity in legal thinking or could theoretically represent queer identity/identities or the position of LGBTQIA+ community in the field of law. The conclusion of the study is devoted to considerations and reasons why it is necessary to talk about the emergence of queer legal theory is Slovak jurisprudence.
DEVELOPMENT OF A BIDIRECTIONAL DC/DC CONVERTER WITH DUAL BATTERY ENERGY STORAGE FOR HYBRID ELECTRIC VEHICLE SYSTEM
Authors: Kumar Sanchit , Mehar Varsha ,   Bhabha College Of Engineering
Published: October 2023

This thesis focuses on the analysis, design, and control of a bidirectional DC/DC converter for electric vehicles. The converter aims to recover energy during regenerative braking. A stable converter topology with an output filter is proposed and a 1.5-kW prototype is designed. Sliding-mode control is chosen for the current loop, while voltage PI control is used for the converter. Interleaving multiple converters is explored to increase power rating. Experimental tests confirm the stability of the converter under realistic driving conditions.
An Evaluation of South Africa's Maternity and Parental Benefits Legislation in Light of the International Labour Organisation's Maternity Protection Convention and Recommendation
Authors: Smit Paul Andries
Published: October 2023

Maternity and parental benefits legislation impacts on one of the most important pillars in society as it plays a role in family life, the rights of women, and gender equality. It will be beneficial to any country to benchmark its own legislation in this regard against international standards and norms, as one cannot just assume that national legislation is in line with international standards.

South Africa is part of the international community, and if South Africa wants to take its seat and play a role in international bodies such as the United Nations (UN) and the International Labour Organisation (ILO), it is important that South Africa as country adhere to international standards and ILO Conventions.
Sacred Monuments and Stone Circles in Palestine: A Historical, Ethnographic and Mythological Inquiry
Authors: Al-Qobbaj Amer A. , (Sandy) Marshall David J. , Abu Alsaud Loay M.
Published: October 2023

Sacred stone veneration is a global mythical phenomenon historically practiced by many groups, including ancient Semitic-speaking peoples. In their physical capacity, sacred stones themselves are not the object of worship or veneration. Their sanctity comes from the divine spirit believed to dwell within them. The common denominator among the mythological traditions of sacred stones veneration is the belief that they possess enormous spiritual powers that enable them to act as mediators between the worshipper and the gods. Stones were employed as tools in the rituals of veneration in many types of sanctuaries, such as stone circles. This study highlights this type of religious folklore in Palestine, representing one of the bridges linking the Palestinian present to its distant Canaanite past. It traces the various patterns of sacred stones in the central region of Palestine, the rituals that were practised using them, and the remnants of these practices found in oral folklore traditions. To these ends, the researchers relied on religious and historical primary and secondary sources, including oral interviews where available and possible.
THE MEDIATING ROLE OF JOB SATISFACTION IN THE EFFECT OF PSYCHOLOGICAL EMPOWERMENT ON ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP
Authors: YAZICI Ayşe Meriç
Published: October 2023

The study aims to examine the relationships between psychological empowerment, organizational citizenship, and job satisfaction and test whether job satisfaction plays a mediating role between psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship. A quantitative research design was used in this study, and online survey data were collected from employees of retail firms in Istanbul. Structural equation modeling using AMOS 23 computer software was used to analyze the data and test the proposed mediation model. As a result of the analysis of the study, it was observed that the model did not show adequate fit, and therefore, model improvement studies were carried out. When the modification index values were analyzed, it was observed that there was a high level of correlation between the error variables. In this study, weak positive relationships were found between the variables. According to the results of the structural equation model, job satisfaction has no mediating role. In addition, this response discusses the limitations of the study and suggests areas for future research.
Susceptibility to hypertension based on MTHFR rs1801133 single nucleotide polymorphism and MTHFR promoter methylation
Authors: Chiu Ming-Huang , Chang Chia-Hsiu , Tantoh Disline Manli , Hsu Tsui-Wen , Hsiao Chih-Hsuan , Zhong Ji-Han , Liaw Yung-Po
Published: October 2023

Background

The aetio-pathologenesis of hypertension is multifactorial, encompassing genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors. The combined effect of genetic and epigenetic changes on hypertension is not known. We evaluated the independent and interactive association of MTHFR rs1801133 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and MTHFR promoter methylation with hypertension among Taiwanese adults.

Methods

We retrieved data including, MTHFR promoter methylation, MTHFR rs1801133 genotypes (CC, CT, and TT), basic demography, personal lifestyle habits, and disease history of 1,238 individuals from the Taiwan Biobank (TWB).

Results

The distributions of hypertension and MTHFR promoter methylation quartiles (β < 0.1338, 0.1338 ≤ β < 0.1385, 0.1385 ≤ β < 0.1423, and β ≥ 0.1423 corresponding to <Q1, Q1–Q2, Q2–Q3, and ≥Q3) among individuals with the rs1801133 genotypes (CC, CT, and TT) were significantly different (P < 0.05). The risk of hypertension was significantly higher among individuals with the TT genotype compared to the reference genotype (CC): odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.718; 1.503–4.914. The trend of the association of the CT and TT genotypes with hypertension was dose-dependent (P-trend = 0.0041). MTHFR promoter methylation (lower quartiles compared to ≥Q3) was not significantly associated with hypertension. However, its interaction with MTHFR rs1801133 was significant (P = 0.0323). After stratification by rs1801133 genotypes, lower MTHFR promoter methylation quartiles (<Q1, Q1–Q2, Q2–Q3) compared to ≥Q3 were significantly associated with a higher risk of hypertension among individuals carrying the CC genotype: ORs (95% CIs) = 3.225 (1.140–9.124), 4.177 (1.424–12.247), and 8.645 (2.513–29.739) for Q2–Q3, Q1–Q2, and <Q1, respectively. The trend test was significant (P-trend = 0.0009).

Conclusion

Independently, rs1801133 TT was associated with a higher risk of hypertension, but methylation was not. Based on genotypes, lower methylation was dose-dependently associated with a higher risk of hypertension in individuals with the CC genotype. Our findings suggest that MTHFR rs1801133 and MTHFR promoter methylation could jointly influence hypertension susceptibility.
Juxtaposition of being professional and becoming professional: lessons from a nationwide study on teachers' conceptions of their professional status
Authors: Rizvi Meher
Published: October 2023

Introduction

When teachers are being professional in terms of professional standards, they follow their daily routine to produce quality work and wish to be seen as professionals in terms of their status. This is easier said than accomplished. In Pakistan, teaching has become a profession of last resort for many educated young individuals, despite efforts to raise the profession's status by investing in improving teacher management, fostering political support for teacher licensing, and prioritizing teacher development. Although there are examples where reform initiatives have shown positive outcomes in the classroom, the prevailing situation is such that these examples often go unnoticed due to the reforms failing to make a substantial impact, particularly in public school classrooms. Teachers are frequently criticized for their substandard practice and lack of rigorous preparation. The professional status of teachers, therefore, continues to show a declining trend. However, teachers seem to disagree with notions that appear to de-professionalize their profession.

Methods

Large-scale nationwide research was conducted to explore and understand teachers' perspectives on their professional status and the measures that have been taken to enhance their status from a broad perspective by using a survey design. Data were collected from 4,165 teachers from four provinces of Pakistan using a multistage stratified sampling technique to ensure the sample was representative of the entire country. The collected data were analyzed using both descriptive and inferential statistical techniques. Factor analysis was conducted to find the key underlying dimensions of attributes to unpack teachers' core professional competencies.

Results

The research study utilized the teachers' lens to highlight and discuss the interplay between how they see themselves as professionals in terms of their status and regard, how they strive to be professionals in terms of practicing professional standards (the being), and how various measures have been undertaken to enhance teachers' status so that they can be seen as a professional (the becoming).

Discussion

The key premise of the research study is that teachers, when they are being professional, they also need to be recognized as professionals for greater and demonstrable execution of professional standards at the classroom level.