bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors related to polypharmacy and hyper‐polypharmacy for the elderly: A nationwide cohort study using National Health Insurance data in South Korea
Authors: Cho Ho Jin , Chae Jungmi , Yoon Sang‐Heon , Kim Dong‐Sook
Published: November 2022

Polypharmacy may cause adverse health outcomes in the elderly. This study examined the prevalence of continuous polypharmacy and hyper‐polypharmacy, factors associated with polypharmacy, and the most frequently prescribed medications among older adults in South Korea. This was a retrospective observational study using National Health Insurance claims data. In total, 7,358,953 Korean elderly patients aged 65 years and older were included. Continuous polypharmacy and hyper‐polypharmacy were defined as the use of ≥5 and ≥10 medications, respectively, for both ≥90 days and ≥180 days within 1 year. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted with adjustment for general characteristics (sex, age, insurance type), comorbidities (12 diseases, number of comorbidities, and Elixhauser Comorbidity Index [ECI] classification), and healthcare service utilization. Among 7.36 million elderly patients, 47.8% and 36.9% had polypharmacy for ≥90 and ≥180 days, and 11.9% and 7.1% of patients exhibited hyper‐polypharmacy for ≥90 and ≥180 days, respectively. Male sex, older age, insurance, comorbidities (cardio‐cerebrovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, depressive disorder, dementia, an ECI score of ≥3), and healthcare service utilization were associated with an increased probability of polypharmacy. The therapeutic class with the most prescriptions was drugs for acid‐related disorders (ATC A02). The number of outpatient visit days more strongly influenced polypharmacy than hospitalizations and ED visits. This study provides health policymakers with important evidence about the critical need to reduce polypharmacy among older adults.
Making a good career choice: A decision‐analytical intervention to enhance proactive decision‐making and career choice self‐efficacy in high school students
Authors: Siebert Johannes Ulrich , Becker Maxi , Oeser Nadine
Published: November 2022

At the end of high school, teenagers must deal with the first life‐changing decision of determining what to do after graduation. For these decisions, adolescents need to be able to make good choices. However, most schools have not yet implemented decision trainings into their curricula. A new intervention called “KLUGentscheiden!” was developed to train complex decision‐making in high school students to close this gap. The intervention targets three key components of good decision‐making: envisioning one's objectives, identifying relevant alternatives, and comparing the identified alternatives by a weighted evaluation. We assumed that successfully training those decision‐analytical steps should enhance self‐perceived proactive decision‐making skills. In addition, the training should also enhance self‐assessed career choice self‐efficacy. The intervention was evaluated in a pseudorandomized control study including 193 high school students. Compared to a control group, the intervention group significantly increased proactive decision‐making skills and career choice self‐efficacy. Although different long‐term evaluations are still pending, the KLUGentscheiden! intervention provides an important tool to train complex decision‐making in high‐school students. It also has the potential to apply to other career choices of young individuals, such as choosing majors, a final thesis, a job, or a field of work.
Does income inequality really matter for credit booms?
Authors: Ayadi Rym , Naceur Sami B. , Challita Sandra
Published: November 2022

This paper addresses the question whether income inequality is associated with credit booms, alongside other macroeconomic factors. We distinguish between the different types of credit booms—real estate credit booms, household credit booms, firm credit booms and credit booms that turn into crises. Furthermore, our analysis of a sample of 70 countries between 1990 and 2016 does not provide any evidence of credit booms driving income inequality. We observe that capital inflows increase the likelihood of credit boom occurrence, while countries experiencing high economic growth tend to have more credit booms. Finally, we note that credit booms are more frequent in countries with fixed exchange rate regimes.
Impact assessment and mechanism of water conservancy policy on carbon emission performance under the background of artificial intelligence
Authors: Xiang Junjie , Mao Haitao , Yang Bin
Published: November 2022

Artificial intelligence technology is constantly developing and changing. Due to the continuous development of technology and production of carbon emissions, various problems have occurred, forcing various regions to start promoting low‐carbon work. What kind of method can effectively and quickly improve the performance of carbon emissions has become one of the current research topics that has attracted much attention. In response to this problem, it is of great significance to study in the field of carbon emission performance improvement methods. With the in‐depth research on carbon emissions, the research on the intervention of water conservancy policies in carbon emissions has gradually been carried out, and its functional effects are of great significance to solve the problem of improving carbon emissions performance. This paper has aimed to study the impact and mechanism of water conservancy policy on carbon emission performance in the context of artificial intelligence. Through the analysis and research of the water conservancy policy under artificial intelligence, the double difference model (DID) is used to evaluate it, so that it can show the impact and mechanism on carbon emission performance, so as to solve the problem of improving carbon emission performance. This paper has analysed water policy, carbon emission performance and DID model under artificial intelligence. Its influence and mechanism have been experimentally analysed, and related theoretical formulas have been used to explain. The results have shown that the water conservancy policy has a significant and continuous driving effect on the reduction of carbon emission intensity, and its interaction coefficient under the control variable is −0.934, which is significantly negative. Further analysis of variables has shown that the energy intensity coefficient is 0.714, and the secondary industry coefficient is 0.924, which are both positive and significant. Water conservancy policies mainly reduce carbon intensity through the improvement of energy efficiency and industrial structure upgrading. It can be seen that water conservancy policies under artificial intelligence can meet the needs of improving carbon emission performance, and the level of economic growth and green development has been greatly improved.
11‐Cl‐BBQ, a select modulator of AhR‐regulated transcription, suppresses lung cancer cell growth via activation of p53 and p27Kip1
Authors: Nguyen Bach D. , Stevens Brenna L. , Elson Daniel J. , Finlay Darren , Gamble John T. , Kopparapu Prasad R. , Tanguay Robyn L. , Buermeyer Andrew B. , Kerkvliet Nancy I. , Kolluri Siva K.
Published: November 2022

Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand‐activated transcription factor and functions as a tumour suppressor in different cancer models. In the present study, we report detailed characterization of 11‐chloro‐7H‐benzimidazo[2,1‐a]benzo[de]iso‐quinolin‐7‐one (11‐Cl‐BBQ) as a select modulator of AhR‐regulated transcription (SMAhRT) with anti‐cancer actions. Treatment of lung cancer cells with 11‐Cl‐BBQ induced potent and sustained AhR‐dependent anti‐proliferative effects by promoting G1 phase cell cycle arrest. Investigation of 11‐Cl‐BBQ‐induced transcription in H460 cells with or without the AhR expression by RNA‐sequencing revealed activation of p53 signalling. In addition, 11‐Cl‐BBQ suppressed multiple pathways involved in DNA replication and increased expression of cyclin‐dependent kinase inhibitors, including p27Kip1, in an AhR‐dependent manner. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of individual genes revealed the requirement for both p53 and p27Kip1 for the AhR‐mediated anti‐proliferative effects. Our results identify 11‐Cl‐BBQ as a potential lung cancer therapeutic, highlight the feasibility of targeting AhR and provide important mechanistic insights into AhR‐mediated‐anticancer actions.
Food quality and exposure time affect induced defences in Daphnia: Based on key morphology, life history traits, and expression of related genes
Authors: Huang Yuan , Lu Na , Yang Tingting , Akbar Siddiq , Sun Yunfei , Gu Lei , Zhang Lu , Yang Zhou
Published: November 2022

Kairomone‐induced anti‐predation defences in zooplankton mediate trophic interactions in aquatic ecosystems. Changes in food quality greatly affect induced defences because of the potential influence on resource allocation. Understanding how zooplankton respond to predation risk under poor nutrition conditions is critical for predicting ecosystem function.

The present study focused on the fish kairomone‐induced defences in Daphnia pulex fed unicellular non‐toxic Microcystis aeruginosa. Transcriptions of key genes were detected to interpret changes in morphological and life history traits. Additionally, the degree of responsiveness of traits to increasing proportions of M. aeruginosa in the diet was compared at different endpoints with varied exposure duration.

Daphnia pulex decreased body size but showed an elongated tail spine as morphological adaptations to the presence of fish kairomones, supported by enhanced transcriptions of chitin deacetylase and cuticle protein genes. However, with suppressed expression of the related genes, tail spine length was linearly reduced by increasing proportions of M. aeruginosa in the diet, accompanied by decreased somatic growth and reproduction. Presence of fish kairomones interactively affected the inhibitive effects of increasing proportions of M. aeruginosa in the diet on Daphnia growth, reproduction, and tail spine defence but not body size. In addition, the magnitude of effects of M. aeruginosa on Daphnia growth and morphological responses under fish kairomone exposure was increased with the increasing length of exposure time from 3–7 days (reaching maturity) to 14 days (by the end of tests), indicating an aggravated inhibitive effect of M. aeruginosa on induced defences over time.

The present study provides references for evaluating zooplankton‐fish interactions under poor nutrition conditions. Since a cyanobacterial bloom may last from a few weeks to several months, experiments involving the whole life span of zooplankton are thought to fully reveal the actual impact of cyanobacteria on interspecific interactions related to zooplankton. In addition, unifying the exposure time to cyanobacteria for comparative studies is recommended in future research.
Velomobilities: Cycling geographies and well‐being
Authors: Waitt Gordon , Buchanan Ian
Published: November 2022

Cycling has cut across public health and policy forums in the last decade given trends in urban governance for liveability and uptake of cycling during the COVID‐19 pandemic. This review discusses work that helps understand where, how, and why time spent cycling can contribute to health and well‐being. The review discusses how cycling geographies offers an alternative to biomedical approaches that measure the risks versus the medical benefits of riding a bike. The paper is structured around three key themes that characterise contemporary cycling geographies (a) cycling and neoliberalism; (b) cycling citizenship; and (c) everyday cycling. The paper argues, these studies have not gone far enough in understanding the relationship between well‐being and cycling. To help address this gap the review offers a ‘mobile territories of well‐being’ framework. To conclude, consideration is given to the policy implications of a cycling geographies research agenda engaging with a mobile territories of well‐being framework.
Masculinities and affective equality; the case of professional caring
Authors: Hanlon Niall
Published: November 2022

Critical studies of men and masculinities [CSMM] aim to advance gender equality by critiquing and deconstructing male hegemony and hegemonic masculinities. Although the implicit value of gender equality is clear in CSMM generally, the conceptualization of equality is frequently vague, implied, and lacks conceptual definition. The problem is compounded in caring masculinities studies which additionally often lack engagement with critical feminist and other socio‐political perspectives on caring. These shortcomings hide the complex interrelation of different dimensions to inequality as they intersect with multiple relational identities. Caring practices are also complex, having distinct phases that engage different forms of labor within separate relational contexts. In response, this article proposes the model of affective equality (Lynch et al., 2009) and the concept of care as relational social practice (Tronto, 1993) as normative perspectives that explicitly link care with equality. The case of professional caring, where the impact of CSMM has been especially limited, is used to illustrate the micro‐politics of how men manage their identities within the context of feminized caring. Here, men face the precarious task of managing their masculine status while navigating emotional expectations. Caring masculinities studies can be advanced with greater theoretical and empirical attention to (i) the intersection of multiple inequalities; (ii) the affective circles of caring; (iii) the specificity of caring work; (iv) the inequalities of caring; and (v) the ethics of caring practices.
Identification of core genes in prefrontal cortex and hippocampus of Alzheimer's disease based on mRNA‐miRNA network
Authors: Huang Zhi‐Hang , Wang Hai , Wang Dong‐Mei , Zhao Xiu‐Yun , Liu Wen‐Wen , Zhong Xin , He Dong‐Mei , Mu Ben‐Rong , Lu Mei‐Hong
Published: November 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with cognitive impairment and abnormal mental behaviour. There is currently no effective cure. The development of early diagnostic markers and the mining of potential therapeutic targets are one of the important strategies. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets related to AD in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex, two brain regions highly related to AD. Differentially expressed genes and miRNAs between AD patients and healthy controls were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus database. The mRNA‐miRNA network was constructed and key genes involved in AD were screened out by protein–protein interaction analysis, and were subsequently verified by independent datasets and qPCR in an AD mouse model. Our findings showed that six hub genes including CALN1, TRPM7, ATR, SOCS3, MOB3A and OGDH were believed to be involved in the pathogenesis of AD. Western blot analysis further determined that CALN1, ATR and OGDH were the possible biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD. In addition, 6 possible miRNAs biomarkers have also been verified by qPCR on AD animal models. Our findings may benefit clinical diagnosis and early prevention of AD.
Personality aspects and proenvironmental attitudes
Authors: Hopwood Christopher J. , Lenhausen Madeline R. , Stahlmann Alexander G. , Bleidorn Wiebke
Published: November 2022

Objective

Climate change is a serious threat. Personality psychologists can help address this threat by understanding what kind of people tend to endorse proenvironmental attitudes and engage in sustainable behavior. Previous research supports reliable associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality traits. However, this research has generally aggregated different kinds of attitudes into a single composite and has focused on the domain level of personality traits.

Method

This study explored how 10 lower‐order aspects of the Big Five personality traits were related to eight different proenvironmental attitudes in three convenience samples from the United States (N = 1234; 1000) and the United Kingdom (N = 538).

Results

All five trait domains were related to at least one proenvironmental attitude across all three samples. Seven of eight proenvironmental attitudes could be predicted by one or more traits in all three samples. We also found evidence that the Openness aspect of Openness to Experience was a more consistent predictor of proenvironmental attitudes than the Intellect aspect. In contrast, there was little benefit in distinguishing between the aspects of other trait domains. We did not find evidence that age or political orientation moderated the associations between proenvironmental attitudes and personality.

Conclusion

Results point to the need for more fine‐grained research on individual differences in proenvironmental attitudes and behavior.
School‐Based Delivery of Vision Care in Chicago Public Schools
Authors: Storey Nathan , Stafford‐Hudson Katheryn , Harrow Ilana , Tow Berenice , Seo Jennifer Y. , Vidis Jennifer D. , Collins Megan
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

In 2012, Chicago Public Schools and the Chicago Department of Public Health partnered together to create the Chicago School‐Based Vision Program (CSBVP). This ongoing, city‐wide program provides school‐based vision services (eye examinations, eyeglasses provision, and eye care referrals) to students with limited access.

METHODS

Descriptive analysis of the program operations from 2012 to 2020, including number of students served and exam findings during 2017‐2020, as well as lessons learned and recommendations for reproducing the successes of the CSBVP in other contexts.

RESULTS

During its first 8 years, the CSBVP provided eye examinations to over 350,000 students. During the years 2017‐2020, this included 126,238 eye exams and provision of eyeglasses to 73,751 students.

CONCLUSIONS

The CSBVP is built upon strong community and school relationships. The program offers vision services, equitably, to all students across the district. The lessons learned through the implementation of the CSBVP may provide guidance for future district‐wide vision programs.
Stick with the nose…Saliva rapid antigen testing is not a viable method for testing children under 5 years old
Authors: Tosif Shidan , Lee Lai‐yang , Nguyen Jill , McMinn Alissa , Selman Chris , Grobler Anneke C , Daley Andrew , Crawford Nigel W
Published: November 2022

Aim

Respiratory testing with rapid antigen tests (RATs) in children under 5 years of age may be uncomfortable and presents specific challenges to testing due to compliance and procedural distress. The aim of this study was to investigate sensitivity and feasibility of self‐collected nasal and saliva RAT tests compared with a combined nose and throat (CTN) swab PCR in children under 5.

Methods

Children aged between 1 month and 5 years, with confirmed COVID‐19 or who were a household contact within 7 days were included. A saliva RAT, nasal RAT and CTN swab were collected by the parent. SARS‐CoV‐2 cycle threshold (Ct) values for CTN tested by PCR were compared with saliva and nasal RAT results. Parent preference for method of sample was recorded.

Results

Forty‐one children were recruited with median age of 1.5 (interquartile range 0.7–4.0) years. Only 22/41 (54%) of parents were able to successfully collect a saliva RAT from their child. Sensitivity of the nasal RAT and saliva RAT was 0.889 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.739–0.969) and 0.158 (95% CI 0.034–0.396), respectively. Upper limit of nasal RAT detection by CTN Ct value was higher than saliva (36.05 vs. 27.29). While saliva RAT was rated most comfortable, nasal RAT was rated the preferred specimen by parents for future testing, due to saliva collection difficulties and time taken.

Conclusions

Rapid antigen testing with nasal RAT is a more feasible and sensitive method for SARS‐CoV‐2 detection in young children compared with saliva RAT.
Melatonin inhibits endometriosis development by disrupting mitochondrial function and regulating tiRNAs
Authors: Park Sunwoo , Ham Jiyeon , Yang Changwon , Park Wonhyoung , Park Hahyun , An Garam , Song Jisoo , Hong Taeyeon , Park Soo Jin , Kim Hee Seung , Song Gwonhwa , Lim Whasun
Published: November 2022

Endometriosis is a benign gynecological disease characterized by abnormal growth of endometrial‐like cells outside the uterus. Melatonin, a hormone secreted by the pineal gland, has been shown to have therapeutic effects in various diseases, including endometriosis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are yet to be elucidated. The results of this study demonstrated that melatonin and dienogest administration effectively reduced surgically induced endometriotic lesions in a mouse model. Melatonin suppressed proliferation, induced apoptosis, and dysregulated calcium homeostasis in endometriotic cells and primary endometriotic stromal cells. Melatonin also caused mitochondrial dysfunction by permeating through the mitochondrial membrane to disrupt redox homeostasis in the endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells. Furthermore, melatonin affected oxidative phosphorylation systems to decrease ATP production in End1/E6E7 and VK2/E6E7 cells. This was achieved through messenger RNA‐mediated downregulation of respiratory complex subunits. Melatonin inhibited the PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways and the mitochondria‐associated membrane axis and further suppressed the migration of endometriotic epithelial and stromal cells. Furthermore, we demonstrated that tiRNAGluCTC and tiRNAAspGTC were associated with the proliferation of endometriosis and that melatonin suppressed the expression of these tiRNAs in primary endometriotic stromal cells and lesions in a mouse model. Thus, melatonin can be used as a novel therapeutic agent to manage endometriosis.
Performance of the Pooled Cohort Equations in non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Henson Jacqueline B. , Budoff Matthew J. , Muir Andrew J.
Published: November 2022

Background and Aims

Non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular disease. Whether risk scores developed in the general population accurately assess cardiovascular risk in the NAFLD population is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of the Pooled Cohort Equations (PCE) in NAFLD.

Methods

Individuals in the Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis with baseline non‐contrast cardiac computed tomography scans with sufficient data to determine the presence of hepatic steatosis were identified and assessed for the development of incident 10‐year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. The discrimination and calibration of the PCE were evaluated, and the observed and expected events by risk category (<5%, 5–<7.5%, 7.5–<20%, ≥20%) were determined. Risk reclassification with the addition of NAFLD to the PCE was assessed.

Results

Of 4014 participants included, 698 (17.4%) with NAFLD were identified, including 247 (35.3%) with moderate‐to‐severe steatosis. Discrimination of the PCE was suboptimal in NAFLD (c‐statistic 0.69), particularly moderate‐to‐severe steatosis (0.65), and calibration was overall poor. While risk was overestimated in non‐NAFLD, it was underestimated in NAFLD in lower/intermediate risk categories, predominantly in women (5–<7.5% observed/expected ratio = 1.67). The addition of NAFLD to the PCE improved risk classification in women.

Conclusions

The PCE overall performed suboptimally in cardiovascular risk assessment in NAFLD, particularly in women and individuals with moderate‐to‐severe steatosis in clinically relevant risk categories. Primary prevention may need to be considered at a lower risk threshold in these groups, and further work is needed to improve risk stratification in this growing high‐risk population.
Effect of coccidioidomycosis prophylaxis in selecting non‐Candida albicans species amongst solid organ transplant recipients in Arizona
Authors: Al‐Obaidi Mohanad M. , Marquez Jose , Afghan Abaseen , Zangeneh Tirdad T.
Published: November 2022

Background

Invasive candidiasis carries an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The rates of non‐albicans Candida species (NAC) infections are on the rise secondary to frequent azole antifungal use. NAC incidence and risk amongst solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients in Arizona receiving prolonged azole course for coccidioidomycosis prophylaxis have not been well elucidated.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated SOT recipients hospitalised between 2017 and 2021 with a positive Candida spp. culture.

Results

There were 66 SOT recipients with 74 hospitalisations and 79 Candida spp. isolates. The median age was 59 (IQR 45–66), 68% were male, 58% were non‐Hispanic White, and the most common SOT 38/74 (51%) was a liver transplant. Median time from transplant to the identification of any NAC (infection or colonisation) was significantly shorter, 8 months (IQR 3–78) vs 128 months (IQR 10–282) for Candida albicans isolates, p = .03. Prior use of azoles was significantly higher in NAC‐associated post‐transplant colonisation and invasive disease hospitalisations (83%) than in those with C. albicans (17%), p < .001. There were 59 hospitalisations with invasive disease, with the majority having NAC isolates of 49 (83%).

Conclusion

The universal azole prophylaxis has reduced the incidence of coccidioidomycosis complications amongst SOT recipients in Arizona; however, there is an increased risk of developing NAC colonisation and infections, which can complicate the care of the SOT recipients with invasive candidiasis. Future studies are needed to investigate methods of reducing the risk of NAC infections whilst preventing coccidioidomycosis amongst SOT recipients.
Characteristic magnetic resonance imaging of leptomeningeal metastases of lung adenocarcinoma: Fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensity on brainstem surfaces
Authors: Edagawa Shunji , Ito Norie , Nakamura Yosuke , Toyoshima Takanobu , Ohkubo Yukiko , Chiba Susumu
Published: November 2022

Cytology of cerebrospinal fluid is the gold standard for diagnosing leptomeningeal carcinomatosis, despite its low sensitivity. Herein, we report a case of leptomeningeal carcinomatosis in a patient with relapsed lung adenocarcinoma who presented with tinnitus and hearing loss for 3 months. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed characteristic fluid‐attenuated inversion recovery and diffusion‐weighted imaging hyperintensities along the leptomeningeal surfaces of the brainstem. The ratio of the concentration of carcinoembryonic antigen in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid was 1.2:1. The cerebrospinal fluid cytology obtained at the fourth lumbar puncture revealed suspected malignancy, and a definitive diagnosis of metastatic adenocarcinoma was confirmed via brain biopsy. This case supports the utility of characteristic magnetic resonance imaging appearance and repeated lumber punctures as an evaluation for leptomeningeal carcinomatosis.
Impact of haemodialysis hours on outcomes in older patients
Authors: Yeung Emily K. , Brown Leanne , Kairaitis Lukas , Krishnasamy Rathika , Light Casey , See Emily , Semple David , Polkinghorne Kevan R. , Toussaint Nigel D. , MacGinley Robert , Roberts Matthew A.
Published: November 2022

Aim

Previous studies report an association between longer haemodialysis treatment sessions and improved survival. Worldwide, there is a trend to increasing age among prevalent patients receiving haemodialysis. This analysis aimed to determine whether the mortality benefit of longer haemodialysis treatment sessions diminishes with increasing age.

Methods

This was a retrospective cohort study of people who first commenced thrice‐weekly haemodialysis aged ≥65 years, reported to the Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant (ANZDATA) Registry from 2005 to 2015, included from 90 days after dialysis start. The primary outcome was all‐cause mortality. Cox regression analysis was performed with haemodialysis session duration the exposure of interest.

Results

Of 8224 people who commenced haemodialysis as their first treatment for kidney failure aged ≥65 years during this period, 4727 patients died. Longer dialysis hours per session was associated with a decreased risk of death in unadjusted analyses [hazard ratio, HR, for ≥5 h versus 4 to <4.5 h: 0.81 (0.75–0.88, p < .001)]. Patients having longer dialysis sessions were younger but had greater co‐morbidity. In an adjusted model including age and other variables, the survival benefit of longer hours was only partially attenuated [HR for previous comparison: 0.75 (0.69–0.82, p < .001)], and no interaction between age and hours was demonstrated (p = .89).

Conclusion

The apparent survival benefit associated with longer haemodialysis session length appears to be preserved in patients 65 years or older. In practice, the benefit of longer dialysis hours should be carefully weighed against other factors in this patient group.
Discovering the genetic modules controlling root nodule symbiosis under abiotic stresses: salinity as a case study
Authors: Singh Jawahar , Valdés‐López Oswaldo
Published: November 2022

Legumes form a symbiotic association with rhizobia and fix atmospheric nitrogen in specialized root organs known as nodules. It is well known that salt stress inhibits root nodule symbiosis by decreasing rhizobial growth, rhizobial infection, nodule number, and nitrogenase activity in diverse legumes. Despite this knowledge, the genetic and molecular mechanisms governing salt stress's inhibition of nodulation and nitrogen fixation are still elusive. In this Viewpoint, we summarize the most recent knowledge of the genetic mechanisms that shape this symbiosis according to the salt levels in the soil. We emphasize the relevance of modulating the activity of the transcription factor Nodule Inception to properly shape the symbiosis with rhizobia accordingly. We also highlight the knowledge gaps that are critical for gaining a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the adaptation of the root nodule symbiosis to salt‐stress conditions. We consider that filling these gaps can help to improve legume nodulation and harness its ecological benefits even under salt‐stress conditions.
Successful non‐operative management of atrioesophageal fistula after combined therapy of catheter ablation and left atrial appendage closure for atrial fibrillation: A case report
Authors: Ma Gaigai , Wang Xinhong , Han Zhenhua , Zhang Chaoying , Zheng Qiangsun
Published: November 2022

Atrioesophageal fistula (AEF) is a rare but devastating complication of radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) for atrial fibrillation (AF) and is associated with high mortality rates. Whereas most cases of AEF are treated by emergency surgical interventions, we report a case of paroxysmal AF with AEF after combined therapy of catheter ablation and percutaneous left atrial appendage closure (LAAC), which was treated successfuly without major surgery or esophageal stenting. He was presented 18 days after the procedure, suffering chest pain, fever, and a transient loss of consciousness. Computed tomography (CT) of the chest disclosed a small accumulation of air in the region of the left atrium adjacent to the esophagus, suggesting AEF. Supported by early aggressive antibiotic therapy, pericardial drainage and a fasting state with adequate parenteral nutrition, resulted in improvement of his condition with no recurrence of symptoms. Subsequent chest CT scans confirmed disappearance of the leaked air and the patient was discharged home 28 days after admission with no neurological compromise. Early detection, rapid treatment and constant awareness of potential fatal consequences are prerequisites for successful treatment of this complication and prevention of fatal outcome.
Efficacy and safety of the extraction of cardiostimulation leads using a mechanical dissection tool. A single center experience
Authors: Villegas Elkin González , Juárez del Río José Ignacio , Carmona José Carlos Romero , Valdíris Ulises Ramírez , Peinado Ángel Aroca , Peinado Rafael Peinado
Published: November 2022

Background

The percutaneous extraction of endovascular cardiostimulation and defibrillation leads is the most frequent technique nowadays. The tools used today must guarantee the success of the procedure, with the minimum of complications. Our objective was to analyze the safety and efficacy of lead extraction using the Evolution mechanical dissection tool (Cook Medical, USA).

Methods

A retrospective study was carried out in a total of 826 consecutive patients from October 2009 to December 2018 who underwent the procedure with the Evolution mechanical dissection tool. Preoperative study included complete blood tests, echocardiogram, and chest X‐ray. The procedures were performed in the operating room, under general anesthesia and echocardiographic control.

Results

A total of 1227 leads were extracted with a mean chronicity of 10.3 ± 5.1 years. Clinical success (CS) rate was 99.7%. A total of 16 (1.9%) complications occurred, 2 (0.24%) were major complications and 14 (1.7%) were minor complications. There was no operative mortality. There was no statistically significant relationship between implant chamber and complete efficacy. The complete extraction was achieved in all left ventricular leads, in 762 of 774 (98.45%) of right ventricular lead removal, and in 330 of 334 (98.8%) of right atrial leads (p = .31).

Conclusion

In our experience, percutaneous extraction of intravenous leads via the use of the Evolution tool (Cook Medical, USA), is a very effective and safe technique that offers low morbidity and mortality.
Topical corticosteroid phobia in adolescents with eczema and caregivers of children and adolescents with eczema: A cross‐sectional survey
Authors: Tangthanapalakul Amatanun , Chantawarangul Karaked , Wananukul Siriwan , Tempark Therdpong , Chatproedprai Susheera
Published: November 2022

Steroid phobia is an increasing phenomenon that affects treatment adherence. The purpose of this study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of steroid phobia among adolescents with eczema and the caregivers of children and adolescents with eczema by using questionnaires and TOPICOP© scale. The prevalence of steroid phobia is approximately 12% and 37% in the adolescent and caregiver groups, respectively. Caregivers who obtained information about topical corticosteroid (TCS) from dermatologists and whose children had fewer number of flares, demonstrated less concern about using TCS.
Phenomenal Grounds of Epistemic Value
Authors: Kriegel Uriah
Published: November 2022

Imagine a zombie world that looks “from the outside” just like ours, but where there is no phenomenal consciousness. Creatures that look like us move about just as we do and make the same noises we do, but nobodyexperiencesorfeelsanything. How much of the epistemic value that's exemplified in our world survives in that one? The short answer is: any kind of epistemic value that requires the occurrence of consciousness for its exemplification cannot exist in that world, but epistemic value that doesn't require consciousness can exist. The real question, though, is what kinds of epistemic value require the occurrence of consciousness. We will consider four central epistemic values: justification, truth, acquaintance, and understanding.
Soil mounding as a restoration approach of seismic lines in boreal peatlands: implications on microtopography
Authors: Pinzon Jaime , Dabros Anna , Hoffman Philip
Published: November 2022

Seismic lines—narrow and straight corridors from which overstory has been removed to allow access for oil and gas exploration—are a major human footprint in the boreal forest of western Canada. With slow to minimal recovery of tree cover along these corridors, seismic lines have become a persistent landscape feature affecting connectivity and habitat quality in forested ecosystems, particularly in wetland areas. Soil mounding is a common ground preparation treatment widely applied along seismic lines, with the expectation that it will enhance tree seedling establishment and improve the return of tree cover to disturbed areas. However, much is still unknown about environmental responses following treatment application. In this study, we compared the ground microtopography in treated and untreated seismic lines, as well as the relative elevation between treated and untreated seismic lines with their adjacent treed peatland. The ground elevation in both treated and untreated sites was significantly lower on seismic lines relative to their adjacent treed peatland, with a greater elevation difference in treated areas. Likewise, ground microtopography was orders of magnitude higher along treated areas compared to the natural variation in the adjacent treed peatland. Given the important changes in relative elevation and topography following treatment application, our results suggest the potential for eventual treatment success may be more unpredictable than expected; this may have critical consequences for other ecological properties beyond the restoration goal of tree establishment and return of tree cover.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐DPA1*02:01:21 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Cargou Marine , Andreani Marco , Giustiniani Paola , Guidicelli Gwendaline , Visentin Jonathan
Published: November 2022

HLA‐DPA1*02:01:21 differs from HLA‐DPA1*02:01:01:03 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 190 in exon 4.
CRISPR/Cas9 genome‐editing applied to MdPGT1 in apple results in reduced foliar phloridzin without impacting plant growth
Authors: Miranda Simón , Piazza Stefano , Nuzzo Floriana , Li Mingai , Lagrèze Jorge , Mithöfer Axel , Cestaro Alessandro , Tarkowska Danuše , Espley Richard , Dare Andrew , Malnoy Mickael , Martens Stefan
Published: November 2022

Phloridzin is the most abundant polyphenolic compound in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.), which results from the action of a key phloretin‐specific UDP‐2′‐O‐glucosyltransferase (MdPGT1). Here, we simultaneously assessed the effects of targeting MdPGT1 by conventional transgenesis and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR‐associated protein 9 (Cas9)‐mediated genome editing. To this end, we conducted transcriptomic and metabolic analyses of MdPGT1 RNA interference knockdown and genome‐edited lines. Knockdown lines exhibited characteristic impairment of plant growth and leaf morphology, whereas genome‐edited lines exhibited normal growth despite reduced foliar phloridzin. RNA‐sequencing analysis identified a common core of regulated genes, involved in phenylpropanoid and flavonoid pathways. However, we identified genes and processes differentially modulated in stunted and genome‐edited lines, including key transcription factors and genes involved in phytohormone signalling. Therefore, we conducted a phytohormone profiling to obtain insight into their role in the phenotypes observed. We found that salicylic and jasmonic acid were increased in dwarf lines, whereas auxin and ABA showed no correlation with the growth phenotype. Furthermore, bioactive brassinosteroids were commonly up‐regulated, whereas gibberellin GA4 was distinctively altered, showing a sharp decrease in RNA interference knockdown lines. Expression analysis by reverse transcriptase‐quantitative polymerase chain reaction expression analysis further confirmed transcriptional regulation of key factors involved in brassinosteroid and gibberellin interaction. These findings suggest that a differential modulation of phytohormones may be involved in the contrasting effects on growth following phloridzin reduction. The present study also illustrates how CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing can be applied to dissect the contribution of genes involved in phloridzin biosynthesis in apple.
Preparation and characterization of fibroin nanoparticles obtained from Bombyx mori L. Pilamo 1 cocoons
Authors: Baena Luz Marina , Guerrero-Álvarez Gloria Edith , Giraldo-González Maria Camila
Published: November 2022

Silk fibroin (SF) is a biomacromolecule composed of proteins with properties, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and low immunogenicity. Thus, Silk fibroin nanoparticles (FNps) overcome the disadvantages of non-degradable synthetic nanoparticles. We studied the structural and thermal properties of SF and FNps from Bombyx mori L. cross-breed Pilamo I cocoons. Raw fibroin (RF) was obtained using a sodium Na2CO3 solution as part of an experimental design to improve extraction, and FNps were obtained by denaturing RF with a ternary solution of CaCl2:H2O:CH3CH2OH, followed by precipitation using an anti-solvent method with propanol. Pilamo I cocoon, RF, and FNps were characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy(SEM), and elemental chemical analysis of energy dispersive X-rays (EDS). The Light Scattering (DLS) and the thermal properties of RF and FNps were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The FTIR results showed that sericin-free raw fibroin was obtained, and the SEM results showed that the nanometer-sized particles had a globular structure and apparent porosity. The differences in the enthalpy of the crystallization peaks in the DSC and TGA curves showed that the FNps had higher thermal stability than RF fibers. This result furthers the development of alternative materials as vehicles of active compounds from natural extracts.
Effects of Wobbe Index on the Combustion and Emission Characteristics of a Natural Gas/Diesel RCCI Engine
Authors: Zhou Weijian , Xi Hongyuan , Zhou Song , Shreka Majed , Zhang Zhao
Published: November 2022

Due to energy shortage and environmental problems, the application of natural gas in internal combustion engine has attracted extensive attention. Therefore, diesel pilot ignition natural gas engine is a promising technology. However, the different sources of natural gas lead to the change in composition, which has a great impact on engine combustion and emission. In this study, the relationship between Wobbe index (WI) and swirl ratio (SR) of six different natural gas mixtures was studied by numerical simulation method. Besides, reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion strategy was evaluated. The results showed that increasing the WI increased the in-cylinder pressure and temperature, increased the ignition delay, and shortened the combustion duration, the gross indicated efficiency (GIE) of the six gases exceeded 50%. In addition, the increase of WI increased the nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and reduced the hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions. Moreover, the peak pressure rise rate (PPRR) increased with the rise of WI, which may lead to engine knock. The results also showed that the increase of SR increased the in-cylinder pressure and temperature and improved the PPRR. When the SR was 0.7 and the WI was 51.7, the combustion and emission performance of the RCCI engine was relatively better.
Two new sympatric species of cave-dwelling Neocarus (Acari: Opilioacaridae) from the Bambuí limestone group, Brazil
Authors: De Araújo Marcel Santos , de Oliveira Bernardi Leopoldo Ferreira , Ferreira Rodrigo Lopes
Published: November 2022

Ten Opilioacaridae species from the genera Caribeacarus and Neocarus are found in subterranean habitats in Brazil, and several new species are waiting to be described. As part of our studies on cave opilioacarid species, two new species from Peruaçu Caves National Park, Minas Gerais state, are described in the present paper. The two new species present six or more d type setae on the palp, with a stout and rounded lobe: Neocarus chimera sp.nov. with 6 to 9 setae and Neocarus peruassu sp.nov. presents 6 or 7 foliate setae (d1). The combination of these characters is a transitional state observed between Neocarus (4 to 9 foliate d type setae on palp, with a stout and rounded lobe) and Caribeacarus (8 to 12 foliate d type setae on palp, with a fine and pointed lobe). The systematic position of the new species is briefly discussed. Additionally, the habitat description and some ecological notes are provided for both new species.
Molecular verification of commercialized Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) settlement before spider mite appearance in a Japanese pear orchard
Authors: Mikawa Yuya , Aizawa Mineaki , Mori Kotaro , Toyama Masatoshi , Sonoda Shoji
Published: November 2022

A report of our earlier study described a phytoseiid mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) (Acari: Phytoseiidae) release system using a moisturized sheltered sachet for spider mite control. For the present study, we installed the predator release systems on 43 out of 71 trees in a Japanese pear orchard to survey the dispersal of N. californicus released from the predator release system. In the orchard, Japanese pear trees were trained on the overhead horizontal trellis system. Consequently, the trees were mutually connected through the trellis training system. We collected phytoseiid mites on the tree leaves and were subjected to PCR to examine their species composition. Results demonstrated that N. californicus were 62.37% of the total of 3,247 phytoseiid mites collected. Using microsatellite markers, commercialized N. californicus that had been released from the predator release systems were discriminated from indigenous N. californicus. Results demonstrated that phytoseiid mites consisting mainly of the commercialized N. californicus occurred one week earlier in trees with the predator release systems. Results also demonstrated that the commercialized N. californicus dispersal occurred mainly in trees installed with the predator release systems.
De novo ulcerative colitis and Takotsubo cardiomyopathy following sleeve gastrectomy
Authors: Acevedo-Mendez Bernardo Andres , Ye Yuting , Makaryus John Nihad , Hirsh Benjamin
Published: November 2022

The increasing prevalence of severe obesity is a major public health concern. Bariatric surgery is an important treatment option for severe obesity due to its long-term sustained result. Multiple studies have shown that patients have an increased risk of developing inflammatory bowel disease following bariatric surgery. Takotsubo syndrome usually presents as acute left ventricular systolic dysfunction without corresponding obstructive coronary artery disease after an acute stress episode. We describe a unique case of a patient who developed de novo ulcerative colitis and takotsubo cardiomyopathy shortly after sleeve gastrectomy. The patient made a successful recovery due to prompt recognition and appropriate treatment.
Two undesirable complications of a blowhole colostomy in left-sided colonic obstruction
Authors: van de Laar Bart Cornelis Theodorus , de Jong Gabrielle Mirjam
Published: November 2022

Two patients with an acute left-sided colonic obstruction had a successful decompression after construction of a blowhole transverse colostomy as a bridge to surgery. However, they presented with two rather unknown stoma-related complications during this bridging period. Patient A had a stomal prolapse with additional skin problems.

Patient B complained of abdominal discomfort during follow-up. The blowhole colostomy appeared to be stenotic. Stoma dilation and irrigation was initiated to prevent complete closure.

Definite resection of the left-sided obstruction and reversal of both blowhole colostomies was successful, and the patients recovered without further complications.

We hypothesise that incision size may be related to prolapse and stenosis rates and that eversion of the mucosa of the blowhole may reduce the risk of stomal stenosis.