bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diseño posmoderno en la obra de Juan Gatti
Authors: Giaquinta Francisco
Published: March 2021

En el presente artículo se analizan producciones gráficas realizadas por el diseñador argentino Juan Gatti. La selección de los encargos responde a la presencia de nociones vinculadas con expresiones posmodernas: la generación de estilos híbridos, la recurrencia a referencias del pasado a modo de cita y el uso de la ironía como recurso poético. A través de este artículo se pretende dar relevancia a los aportes que brindan las producciones de Juan Gatti a la disciplina del Diseño en Comunicación Visual.
ISLAM WASTHIYYAH DALAM KACA MATA TAFSIR AL-QUR’AN
Authors: Sugitanata Arif
Published: March 2021

This paper tries to discuss the concept of Wasthiyyah Islam in the perspective of the Qur'an through various interpretations. Specifically, there are several aspects that became the focal point of this study, First, looking back at the concept of Islamic Wasthiyyah in the Qur'an. Second, revealing the context and nature of Islam Wasthiyyah in a variety of interpretations. Third, to actualize the characteristics of Wasthiyyah Islam in the current context. The research approach used is the study literature approach which is based on several references that support related Books, Journals, Articles and so on. The results of this study indicate that the concept of Islamic Wasthiyyah in terms of several interpretive perspectives can be said as a sociological concept of Islam that emphasizes aspects universally related to the context of harmonious religious life, tolerance, and forming a moderate Islam in order to eliminate the extreme attitudes that have been many addressed to Islam.
A note about a partial no-go theorem for quantum PCP
Authors: Itai Arad Itai
Published: March 2021

This is not a disproof of the quantum PCP conjecture! In this note we use perturbation on the commuting Hamiltonian problem on a graph, based on results by Bravyi and Vyalyi, to provide a very partial no-go theorem for quantum PCP. Specifically, we derive an upper bound on how large the promise gap can be for the quantum PCP still to hold, as a function of the non-commuteness of the system. As the system becomes more and more commuting, the maximal promise gap shrinks. We view these results as possibly a preliminary step towards disproving the quantum PCP conjecture posed in \cite{ref:Aha09}. A different way to view these results is actually as indications that a critical point exists, beyond which quantum PCP indeed holds; in any case, we hope that these results will lead to progress on this important open problem.
Entanglement distillation from quasifree fermions
Authors: Kadar Zoltan , Keyl Michael , Schlingemann Dirk
Published: March 2021

We develop a scheme to distill entanglement from bipartite Fermionic systems in an arbitrary quasifree state. It can be applied if either one system containing infinite one-copy entanglement is available or if an arbitrary amount of equally prepared systems can be used. We show that the efficiency of the proposed scheme is in general very good and in some cases even optimal. Furthermore we apply it to Fermions hopping on an infinite lattice and demonstrate in this context that an efficient numerical analysis is possible for more than $10^6$ lattice sites.
Relative state measures of correlations in bipartite quantum systems
Authors: Rudolfsson Pierre , Sjoqvist Erik
Published: March 2021

Everett's concept of relative state can be viewed as a map that contains information about correlations between measurement outcomes on two quantum systems. We demonstrate how geometric properties of the relative state map can be used to develop operationally well-defined measures of the total correlation in bipartite quantum systems of arbitrary state space dimension. These measures are invariant under local unitary transformations and non-increasing under local operations. We show that some known correlation measures have a natural interpretation in terms of relative states.
Optimal estimation of quantum processes using incomplete information: variational quantum process tomography
Authors: Maciel Thiago O. , Vianna Reinaldo O.
Published: March 2021

We develop a quantum process tomography method, which variationally reconstruct the map of a process, using noisy and incomplete information about the dynamics. The new method encompasses the most common quantum process tomography schemes. It is based on the variational quantum tomography method (VQT) proposed by Maciel \emph{et al.} in arXiv:1001.1793[quant-ph] \cite{VQT}.
Long distance two-party quantum crypto made simple
Authors: Kerenidis Iordanis , Wehner Stephanie
Published: March 2021

Any two-party cryptographic primitive can be implemented using quantum communication under the assumption that it is difficult to store a large number of quantum states perfectly. However, achieving reliable quantum communication over long distances remains a difficult problem. Here, we consider a large network of nodes with only neighboring quantum links. We exploit properties of this cloud of nodes to enable any two nodes to achieve security even if they are not directly connected. Our results are based on techniques from classical cryptography and do not resort to technologically difficult procedures like entanglement swapping. More precisely, we show that oblivious transfer can be achieved in such a network if and only if there exists a path in the network between the sender and the receiver along which all nodes are honest. Finally, we show that useful notions of security can still be achieved when we relax the assumption of an honest path. For example, we show that we can combine our protocol for oblivious transfer with computational assumptions such that we obtain security if either there exists an honest path, or, as a backup, at least the adversary cannot solve a computational problem.
A Turn to Liturgy in Contemporary Political Theology
Authors: Gaut Willy
Published: March 2021

Contemporary development of Christian political theology has been marked, among others, by a turn to liturgy. At first glance, such a turn might be easily associated with the sound principle of the inextricable connection between vita activa and vita contemplativa. The turn to liturgy, therefore, aims to affirm that mystics (the life of prayer) and politics (social engagement) should go hand in hand. However, does this classical idea stand as the sole reason for the turn to liturgy in the contemporary discussion in political theology? In this article, the author argues that while this classical argument still provides part of the answer to that question, the turn to liturgy in contemporary political theology to a considerable extent deals with the question of self-definition of the Church in exercising its political engagement. The turn to liturgy insists that the Church is inherently political, and thus its political significance is not defined by its relationship with the politics of the state alone. On the contrary, the political nature of the Church and its political role wells up from its identity as the sign and instrument of the Kingdom of God. As such, in its political engagement, the Church ought not to be considered merely as a social or voluntary organization.
DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH OF WATER-SOLUBLE FILMS OF MEDICINAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTION
Authors: I.V. Pletneva , D.A. Petrukhina , Y.S. Pokrovskaya
Published: March 2021

Salt Lake Elton is one of the most valuable natural objects of the Volgograd region. Therapeutic muds are characterized by a wide spectrum of pharmacological activity, a positive effect on cellular humoral nonspecific immunity in terms of initiating prooxidant processes contribute to the restoration of balanced functioning of the system of lipid peroxidation and the antioxidant system. However, the use of native therapeutic mud in therapy has a number of contraindications and limitations. Native therapeutic mud is not stable, biologically active substances of therapeutic mud are destroyed under the influence of environmental factors, losing their properties during transportation and storage. The development of technology of dosage forms based on extracts from native therapeutic mud that do not have the disadvantages inherent in native mud, convenient for use, transportation and storage is an urgent task of pharmacy. So, the technology allowing to receive an oil solution of the lipid complex "Elton"is patented. The product" Elton " has an analgesic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, keratoplastic, antioxidant, membrane-stabilizing effect.
The aim of the study was to develop a technology of biodegradable drug film containing an oil solution of the lipid complex "Elton". The oil solution has a low adhesive ability, drains from the application site, which negatively affects the effectiveness of treatment. The development of the drug film technology will eliminate the listed disadvantages of the oil solution of the lipid complex "Elton", will provide a prolonged and local action at the application site. In the development of medicinal films, we used gelatin as a base-forming component, which has a high ability to gel, physiological indifference, good adhesive properties, hemostatic and wound-healing effect.
UNDERSTANDING THE TEXT AS A CATEGORY OF PEDAGOGICAL HERMENEUTICS AND A FACTOR OF FORMATION IN STUDENTS OF FUNCTIONAL LITERACY
Authors: Ts.A. Kalmanova
Published: March 2021

Transforming under the influence of radical changes in the life of the world as a whole and Russian society in particular, the modern education system in Russia is undergoing significant conceptual changes, mainly due to the unprecedented hitherto technologization of all, without exception, its components - strategy, concept, practice, which is not reflected in the last place in the conceptual apparatus and its content. The goal is to assess the level of formation of textual skills, in particular, understanding of the text, as a condition for improving students' functional literacy. Materials and methods. The number of subjects - 112 people (women), at the age of 17-18 years. An experimental study was carried out among first-year students of the "Pedagogical Education" direction of the profiles "Primary Education", "Primary Education and a Foreign (English) Language using the adapted criteria for assessing the reading literacy of international studies PIZA. The study showed a low level of hermeneutic competence (understanding of the text) among students, which is an indicator of the corresponding degree of functional literacy. Expected results: hermeneutic competence, the gradual formation of which the proposed system of optimization of the educational process in a pedagogical university is aimed at, will significantly increase the level of functional literacy of students-future teachers, which will ensure success in educational, research activities and professional readiness for teaching elementary school students to text skills, first of all, understanding the text. It is obvious that there is a need to optimize the educational process at the university through purposeful systematic work, which ensures the improvement of the textual competence of future primary school teachers as one of the most important components of the functional literacy of the students themselves and the readiness for professional activity in this area.
IMMUNOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INFLAMMATORY PROCESS IN THE PULP
Authors: V.V. Gilyazeva
Published: March 2021

The paper presents the immunological characteristics of the pathological process of the tooth pulp of an inflammatory nature. The content of key markers of inflammatory processes was studied: CD-68, which plays a role in the phagocytic activity of tissue macrophages and type 4 collagen - the main component of the basement membrane of epithelial cells, found in the wall of arterial vessels and the intrinsic substance of connective tissue. An increase in the number of macrophages and a significant increase in the expression of type 4 collagen in pulp inflammation were found. It has been shown that the inflammatory reaction in the pulp is characterized by a sufficient immunological potential for the involvement of a complex of periapical and periradicular tissues in the pathological process and its subsequent long-term completion.
THE PROBLEM OF OSTEOPOROSIS IN MENOPAUSAL WOMEN AND POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS
Authors: M.O. Maiorova
Published: March 2021

41 women with osteoporosis were examined. The age of the examined people ranged from 50 to 60 years. All the women were postmenopausal. As a result of the study, it was found that the most effective management strategy for such patients is a combination of menopausal hormone therapy and non-hormonal drugs that affect calcium metabolism in bone tissue, improve its metabolism and reduce resorption. If there are contraindications to MGT, prevention and treatment of osteoporosis should also be carried out using the appointment of non-hormonal drugs. In this case, the use of ipriflavone is effective.
ROLE OF BIOMARKERS IN EARLY DETECTION OF PREECLAMPSIA
Authors: V.A. McDonnell
Published: March 2021

More than 100 scientific articles have been selected to compose this review. It reflects modern views on various mechanisms that cause the development of preeclampsia with early and late onset. This review provides an analysis of the most promising markers for the early diagnosis of preeclampsia: 22 potential biochemical and 2 biophysical markers in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. The aim was to determine their relevance in the diagnosis of preeclampsia. It has been shown that the level of some markers in the blood was significantly increased or decreased in patients who subsequently developed preeclampsia compared to a control group of patients who had a normal pregnancy. But despite the large number of different markers, their autonomous use does not provide an adequate predictive picture. Subsequent research studies should focus on finding the marker combinations that can then be applied as powerful screening tools for a higher probability of diagnosing PE.
OVERACTIVE BLADDER IN CHILDREN: CLINICAL AND PARACLINAL FEATURES
Authors: A.V. Burlutskaya , V.V. Martynenko
Published: March 2021

Research objective. To identify clinico-laboratorial and urodynamic deviations among children with overactive bladder.
Materials and methods. The study is based on examination of 20 somatically healthy children of 7-10 years old with the following complaints: sudden irresistible urges to urinate, that could be hardly restrained with or without imperative urge incontinence; frequent urination in small portions during the day; frequent awakenings during the night due to the emerging urge to urinate and involuntary urination at night. All children have been examined clinically (identification of the level of homocysteine, registration of the rhythm of urination (by keeping a diary of urination)) and through instrumental methods: uroflowmetry, ultrasound examination of the bladder with identification of the volume of residual urine, electroencephalography.
Results. After the examination, the following abnormalities were identified among the majority of the patients: hyperhomocysteinemia; registration of the rhythm of urination showed that the predominant type was pollakiuria, which might be observed in frequent (more than 8 times a day) urination in small portions (among 60% of children), also enuresis (among 65%) and daytime urinary incontinence in the one third of the patients (30%) were diagnosed. On the basis of ultrasound examination of the bladder, it could be concluded that the one third of the children (33%) had an increase in the volume of residual urine (due to a decrease in the contractile function of the detrusor). By the uroflow method of research it was found out that among almost the half of the children (45%), the intermittent type of urination prevailed (in which the maximum and average urine flow rate was reduced, the time to reach the maximum speed was shortened), also rapid (30%) and non-obstructive (25%) types were diagnosed. According to the electroencephalography data, disorganization of the alpha rhythm, with a tendency to an increase in the number of beta rhythm waves was found.
INFERTILITY ASSOCIATED WITH ADENOMYOSIS
Authors: M.A. Yakovleva
Published: March 2021

The aim of the study was to study a clinical case of infertility in a patient due to endometriosis of the uterine body (adenomyosis) and to choose management tactics. This clinical case demonstrates the need to identify this pathology as one of the causes of infertility and prescribe therapy to overcome infertility. Diagnostic criteria for detecting this pathology were complaints of heavy uterine bleeding, dysmenorrhea, as well as data from gynecological examination and ultrasound examination of the pelvic organs.
RATIONALE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF TREATMENT OF COMBINED PATHOLOGY OF REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM CAUSED BY HORMONAL IMBALANCE AND IMMUNE SYSTEM
Authors: M.O. Maiorova
Published: March 2021

Based on the study of this clinical case, it is possible to evaluate the effectiveness of using dienogest for the treatment of combined pathology – polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and endometriosis of the uterine body - adenomyosis. Given the common pathogenetic links in the formation of these diseases, the presence of an imbalance of the hormonal and immune systems in these diseases, the pharmacological properties of diengogest, its metabolic neutrality and the possibility of long-term use, the proposed management tactics should be considered effective for the treatment of this combined pathology.
Notes of a Journeymen Architect
Authors: Brownlie Keith , Ernst Christian , Marks James
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the implications of travel for designs as well as their designers from the ‘foreign’ perspective of Bridge Architects working across international markets, using project examples from the USA, Canada, Europe, India, Australia and the Middle East.

The world is shrinking. Technology, knowledge exchange and globalization have all but dissolved professional borders across our 195 countries and 38 standard time zones. In all parts of the globe the rules of physics are identical and the typological range of bridges is equally limited everywhere. This coincidence of facts mean that the specific skills of bridge designers are highly transferable, but it does not follow that every market is the same. Regulations, standards, capabilities and expectations vary widely, which fundamentally alters what is possible in the field of forward-thinking infrastructure. A pragmatic and flexible approach is necessary in addressing the variances and vagaries of the international market. We cannot design in the same way in every place, and do not seek to impose a pre-conceived aesthetic or formal agenda to any project. As Architects we simply aim to achieve the very best results within the local constraints. As ‘foreign’ Architects (which we are almost without exception) we tread the thin line between international expertise and cultural mis- appropriation. In the age of transition between physical and virtual working methods, the international consultant can, and should, leave both their ego and their passports at home but pack a case full of cultural awareness and enough flexibility to account for the unexpected.
Replacement of the Schwelmetal Viaduct in Germany – Use of BIM
Authors: Meyer Robert , Bulkowski Marcin , Bomba Peter
Published: March 2021

The Schwelmetal Viaduct is part of the federal highway A1 near Wuppertal, Germany. It spans over a major railway line, another federal and local road, as well as the Schwelme River. The scope includes the demolition of the existing 207 m long viaduct built in the 1960s while all traffic on and below the bridge must keep flowing. Moreover, the highly confined space allows for minimal tolerances and basically no extra construction space.

A very elaborate demolition and erection scheme has been developed to minimize traffic interruption. BIM has been chosen as planning tool to make sure the strict geometric restraints are not violated and a safe construction can be ensured. The whole design and construction process is BIM supported - including the use of BIM for all progress meetings with the client DEGES. This is the first time BIM is used for the construction of a major highway bridge in Germany.

This paper describes the developed demolition and erection sequence and shows the practical issues arising when using BIM as a planning tool and how the process can be optimized in the future.
Research on Extending Span of Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs up to 300m
Authors: Xu Dong , Duanmu Xiangyong , Zhou Yafan
Published: March 2021

In order to promote the application of steel-concrete composite structure in mountainous areas in China, a conceptual design for a PC continuous rigid frame box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs and main span of 300 m was performed in the present paper. The combined corrugated steel web was proposed to increase the compressive area and improve the stability performance; thus, the self-weight of the composite box-girder bridge is significantly reduced. Flexural capacity of the whole section had been calculated with a single-beam model for the ultimate limit state (ULS). For the service limit state (SLS) design, the calculation for the composite box-girder bridge was conducted with the spatial grid model (SGM), from which 27 complete checking stresses in three layers (i.e. outside, inside and middle planes) of concrete plates and steel webs in every cross-section could be obtained. The stress history under construction stage was incorporated into the results obtained by SGM. Moreover, the stress states and stability performance for the composite box-girder bridge constructed were evaluated. The present investigation can provide references for the design and construction of the composite box-girder bridge with corrugated steel webs for long spans.
Design for extreme seismic event scenarios for long span bridges in the Ring of Fire
Authors: Featherston Nicholas R.
Published: March 2021

Approximately 90% of the world's earthquakes and 81% of the world's largest earthquakes occur in a region known as the Pacific Ring of Fire. The very high number of recent earthquakes have given rise to fears that a larger and more cataclysmic event dubbed “the Big One” is simmering in the Ring of Fire. The potential destructive force of the Big One could erase cities and trigger tsunamis along the US East Coast.

It is therefore imperative that the designer of modern long span bridges for this region (and structures in general) recognizes the realities of not just climate change and its effects on extreme weather conditions, but also the changes to the seismic characteristics and topography of these regions. For these extreme seismic scenario events, the challenge to designers is to balance the mixture of solutions that involve the use of replaceable components for assemblies that often perform vital roles in attenuating the seismic response of the structure, with parts that are considered non-replaceable.

Some recent design examples are discussed, with a description of the work flow provided and reasons given for the use of the selected seismic dampening strategies.
Corrosion Protection of bridges for a lifetime by thermally sprayed zinc based duplex coating systems
Authors: Prenger Frank
Published: March 2021

Bridges are subject to extreme corrosion attack due to the surrounding conditions. Chlorides in a maritime
atmosphere, de-icing salts or Sulphur Dioxide in an industrial atmosphere cause high corrosion rates if mild
steel is left unprotected.

The paper shows the best corrosion protection for a long service life under all these conditions offered by a
duplex-coating combining a thermally sprayed zinc-based layer with a fitting top-coat. It introduces the
thermal spraying process and ist application on bridges, which can be performed in the plant or at the
worksite, du r ing erection and for repair work.

Thermal Spraying is a well-established process which has been in existence for more than a hundred years. It
is used manually, semi-automated and fully automated. Thermal Spraying with zinc and zinc-alloys is a "cold"
process having no influence on the microstructure of the coated steel. It refers to worldwide standards and
norms, which assure the highest quality of material, work and coatings.

Worldwide references on steel bridges are presented as well as the latest developments in research.
Throughout this abstract, the results of an intensive study over a service life of more than 26 years of duplex
systems for Offshore Wind Energy plants is shown.

In conclusion, the presentation also offers a quick view to the application of thermal spraying on concrete bridge structures to protect the rebar by cathodic protection.
Ullevaal Stadium Bridge - a cycling network over a freeway interchange
Authors: Ernst Christian , Arason Magnús
Published: March 2021

The new Ullevaal Footbidge is situated in Oslo, Norway. It is prominently placed next to Ullevaal Stadium, one of the largest venues for concerts and sports events in the country. The bridge is pivotal in the manifestation of Oslo municipality’s strategic plan to promote cycling as an alternative means of transportation: it is conceived to minimize travel times for cyclists, improve safety for pedestrians and cyclists and thus to promote sustainable transport in central Oslo. It is replacing a 30-year-old “intermediate” structure. The horizontal alignment of the bridge follows a broad arc across Oslo’s Ring 3 urban motorway. Approach ramps blend seamlessly with existing routes at grade to ensure non-stop connections for all users and stairs in strategic locations provide “short-cuts” to bus stops and to the main entry into the Ullevaal Stadium.
Tropicana Garage Collapse
Authors: Peraza David B.
Published: March 2021

In 2003, a major collapse occurred during construction of a parking garage at the Tropicana Hotel in Atlantic City, New Jersey. It resulted in four fatalities, dozens of injured workers, and significant delays to the construction project. The legal matter was eventually settled out of court, reportedly for $100 million US dollars.

The author led the structural investigation into the collapse on behalf of the General Contractor. The investigation included numerous site visits, preservation of structural evidence, review of design drawings and contractor’s shop drawings, structural analyses, and litigation support.

The concrete parking garage was being constructed with a proprietary structural floor system, which involved “stay‐in‐place” precast concrete forms that became composite with the cast‐in‐place concrete slabs and wide beams.

The investigation presented significant challenges due to the intertwined design responsibilities for the system, the difficulty of preserving perishable evidence during the demolition of the unstable structure, the high‐profile nature of the collapse, and the diverse interests of the many involved parties.

The matter settled out of court, so the results of technical investigations and the lessons learned have not been widely disseminated previously.

This paper will describe the engineering investigation and findings, discuss the roles and responsibilities of the designers and others, and present recommendations to reduce future failures of similarly organized projects.
Study on bearing structure and joint seismic resistance of large span non-landing arch on high-speed railway station
Authors: Chuanping Liu , Liu Tianluan , Jia Jian
Published: March 2021

The main entrance of Chongqing West Railway Station adopts the non-landing compound arch with a span of 108m. In this paper, the nonlinear finite element theory is applied to analyze the bearing capacity and seismic ductility of the compound arch joints. Low frequency cyclic loading tests are performed on the 1/5 scale model. Based on the calculation and test results, a double beam structure and a section of steel truss are placed in the arch joints to bear the force of the arch. Moreover, the buckling-restrained brace (BRB) is placed in the lower part of the arch that enables most force directly transmit to the foundation of the arch. Unlike BRB’s common use as an inter-column support, it now acts as a buckling constraint support in the large earthquake. For instance, it can be yielded before the frame column to improve earthquake resistance. The research results indicate that the compound arch joint structure successfully accomplishes the seismic design goals of strong joints with weak component. Moreover, the study provides the theoretical basis and design reference for the application of BRB and long-span arch structures in high-speed railway station.
Palmetto Section 5 SR-826/SR-836 Interchange
Authors: Potucek Jindrich , Finley Craig
Published: March 2021

The recently completed $559M reconstruction of the Dolphin Expressway‐Palmetto Expressway Interchange in Miami, FL (USA) represents an excellent example of severe urban site constraints due to the amount of traffic, the proximity to a busy international airport and the surrounding urban landscape. This paper illustrates the solutions adopted by the design‐build team to deal with the challenges of this urban site. Further, it explains how they were integrated in various phases of the project which was completed over a five‐year span, and completed in 2016.

The main focus of this paper is the four precast segmental flyovers with a total length of 2.4 km, designed by FINLEY and erected over the existing traffic (400,000 vehicles that traveled this route daily) with the use of a launching gantry. Several key modifications were proposed to the Owner’s original concept of the bridges and as part of the framework of the design‐build procurement. The design choices were driven by the selected erection method, the intent to relieve the congested area of the intersection by using fewer piers and simpler construction details. Most notably, this includes the introduction of a superstructure haunch to achieve longer spans, design of post‐tensioning details suited for easy construction and special design of pier heads with provisions for balanced cantilever stability that eliminated the need of temporary falsework towers in the tight space of the intersection’s heart.

The project highlights the positive aspects of a design‐build method, the importance of teamwork among design‐build team members and how the proposed modifications added value on this complex project.
Solutions to the problem of safe pedestrian traffic flow in cities
Authors: Biliszczuk Jan , Onysyk Hanna , Teichgraeber Marco , Toczkiewicz Robert
Published: March 2021

Heavy car traffic on main streets is nowadays a major problem of modern cities. In order to improve safety of pedestrians and cyclists and at the same time maintain fluent car traffic flow, a separation of those two traffic types may be desirable in some cases. This paper presents different possible solutions to this problem implemented in Polish cities.

Underpasses or footbridges across busy streets in urbanized areas can be an alternative to pedestrian crossings. Footbridges apart from ensuring safe communication, can be attractive architectural elements of urban space. The cable stayed footbridge in Jaworzno will not only facilitate safe pedestrian communication between a large housing estate and a sports hall, but is likely to become a landmark of the city.

An attractive proposal for pedestrians and cyclists moving along crowded and polluted streets are routes marked out on riverside areas. The footbridges connecting islands on the Odra River in Wrocław not only have enabled efficient communication, but also have changed the islands into easily accessible places of relaxation. Free communication along the river embankments intersected by busy routes can be facilitated by building additional passages under existing bridges. The subject of the competition in Poznań was a footbridge over the Warta River, located close to the historical part of the city. Its implementation, apart from the main function of connecting the university campus with the city centre, will create a great recreational place for students and all citizens.

An unusual supplement for traditional means of transport in urbanized area can be an aerial tramway line. “Polinka” cable car that connects both parts of the campus of Wrocław University of Science and Technology separated by the Odra River have turned out to be an unconventional and attractive alternative to a typical footbridge.
Globalization of Structural Design and Construction in Developing Countries
Authors: Roy B. C. , Wagh Sumit
Published: March 2021

Globalization is shrinking the world in many senses, but at the rates at which it is happening in various countries is different depending on where any country is situated on the scale of development; however, in construction industry, the level of globalization is much lower than in other segments of the economy, across most of the countries. True and the desired level of globalization can be achieved only when the design and construction practices are globally harmonized but adopting context-specific customization to accommodate the genius of each country. This paper aims to promote such diversity in unity. The global construction industry will be the biggest beneficiary of such a globalizing movement. World has faced several crises in different countries due to many reasons like war, terrorism, bad governance, which is leading to unemployment even among highly capable engineers. A globalized environment in construction would leverage global talent despite such adverse socio-political and environmental differences. Cost-optimization is likely to take on a different meaning, gaining a wider level of acceptability across the globe.
Preserving the Past as Society Evolves
Authors: Antes Robert P. , Ober Eric R. , Cohen Greggrey G.
Published: March 2021

In urban environments, historic and significant structures are often altered or adapted multiple times for new uses to meet the needs of society. These modifications may occur years apart over the life of the structure, resulting in a combination of different materials and structural systems. Modern-day designers need to fully understand not only the original archaic construction but also the changes imposed during the prior modifications. Drawings for the original building, and subsequent modifications, oftentimes are lacking or incomplete and an investigation is needed to identify the configuration of the existing structure and the various material properties. When considering restoration and strengthening, the information obtained from a well-planned investigation and evaluation can maximize retention of the historic fabric of the structure.

In this paper/presentation we discuss the importance of performing an investigation prior to modifying the existing structure, the components of an investigation for historic or significant structures, and the challenges that can arise during the investigation process.
Below-Grade Expansion Joints: Challenges and Best Practices
Authors: Turner Marisa L. , McClure Rose F.
Published: March 2021

Many of our cities are running out of usable construction space for large buildings. New buildings are reaching new heights and new depths, often extending several stories below-grade. This presents challenges for waterproofing, particularly when building foundations extend below the groundwater table. With climate change and sea-level rise, many geographic areas will increasingly need to consider groundwater.

Building code requirements, especially in seismic regions, often require engineers to design movement joints or separation joints in below-grade structures. But foundation waterproofing materials are designed to seal around a building, not a void or an excavation. Structural joints are more susceptible to leakage, and higher volumes of leakage, than areas with solid backup.

We review design considerations for movement joints and present two case studies: a parking structure with structural separation joints between exterior shotcrete shear walls; and a hospital campus relying on below- grade expansion joints between buildings with differing foundation systems. In both, the presence of below- grade joints necessitates more complicated detailing and installation.

Experience shows us the best practice is to waterproof the building, not the void. Performance is best when the below-grade structural walls provide a solid, continuous substrate. Where movement joints cannot be avoided, we recommend designing structural elements to also meet the needs of the waterproofing system.
The Third Bosporus Bridge – the Aerodynamic Stability of the Steel Segments During the Lifting
Authors: de Ville de Goyet Vincent , Duchêne Yves
Published: March 2021

The Third Bosporus Bridge is a suspendion bridge with a main span length of 1 408 m and a total length of 2 408 m located at the north of Istanbul near the Black Sea.

The main span is partially suspended at the pylons by stiffening cables and at the main cables with vertical hangers (Fig.1‐2). The deck is 58.8 m wide. But contrary to a classical arrangement, the transversal distance between the vertical hangers, in the suspended zone, is only 13.50 m. Due to this geometrical configuration of the vertical hangers, it was necessary to verify the risk of aeroelastic instabilities of steel segments of the deck during its lifting: risk of a torsional instability around the longitudinal axis but also around the vertical axis. Countermeasures have been proposed and adopted to suppress these risks.
COLOR IN PAINTING (IN PERSPECTIVE FROM PREHISTORIC TIMES TO PRESENT TIMES)
Authors: Mahobe Yatindra
Published: March 2021

Only by the pronunciation of the word 'Rang' do we find that the environment around us has become colorful. If color is not included in life, then human life would be far from euphoria, desire, taste and beauty, and the fear of such a lifeless life begins to arise.'Color' is an important contribution to painting, in the absence of color, painting cannot be complete. It has an amazing beauty and charm, which automatically draws the viewer and the artist to himself. "Our emotions are directly related to the effect of colors. Color creates mobility in life. The life of the artist is with colors, so it is necessary that he is fully familiar with colors. From time immemorial, color is the element in this art world that is used as a cover in artwork. In the absence of color, the artwork remains incomplete. Colors have their own special place in the history of art. Colors give life to artistry. "1

‘रंग’ शब्द के उच्चारण मात्र से ही हम पाते हैं कि हमारे आस-पास का वातावरण रंगीन हो गया है। यदि जीवन में रंग का समावेश नहीं होता तो मनुष्य जीवन उल्लास, अभिलाषा, रस एवं सौंदर्य से कोसों दूर होता और ऐसे प्राणहीन जीवन की कल्पनामात्र से भय उत्पन्न होने लगता है।चित्रकला में ‘रंग’ का महत्वपूर्ण योगदान है, रंग के अभाव में चित्रकला संपूर्ण नहीं हो सकती। उसमें एक अद्भूत सौंदर्य और आकर्षण होता है, जो दर्शक एवं कलाकार को अपनी ओर स्वतः खींचता है। ‘‘रंगों के प्रभाव से हमारी भावनाओं का सीधा संबंध है। रंग से जीवन में गतिशीलता उत्पन्न हाती है। कलाकार का जीवन रंगों के ही साथ है, इसलिए यह आवश्यक है कि वह रंगों से पूर्णतः परिचित हो। आदिकाल से लेकर आज तक इस कला जगत में रंग वह तत्व है जिसे कलाकृति में आवरण के रूप में प्रयोग किया जाता है। रंग के अभाव में कलाकृति अधूरी रह जाती है। कला के इतिहास में रंगों का अपना विशिष्ट स्थान है रंग कलाकृति को जीवन प्रदान करते हैं।’’1
THE IMPACT OF COLORS ON SOCIETY - "HOLI PARITY CELEBRATION"
Authors: Arnde Kishore
Published: March 2021

Holi may come from year to year, but the wait for it never diminishes. This festival of getting drenched in colors is our pride festival since ancient times. The color of Holi is such that it has broken the barricades of cults and sects with great fanfare while showering love. The colors of Holi rose on Yayawar Alberuni in such a way that he made special mention of Holikotsav in the memoir of his historical journey. Holi description of Muslim poets is interesting. Sufi saints Hazrat Nizamuddin Auliya, Amir Khusro and Nazir Akbarabadi have dedicated great creations in the name of Holi. Mughal emperors have also made a big splash of Holi. In Akbar's palace, large silver-gold pieces of Tesu were paired with kevade and saffron, in Jahangir's 'Mahfil-e-Holi' the general public could also cast a color on the emperor. Shah Jahan's Holi was popularly known as Eid-e-Pink and "Ab-e-Pashi". In festive societies it is a custom to celebrate the beginning of the year enthusiastically. Holi is not just a celebration of colors. It is first a social ritual. If Diwali is a celebration of prosperity for us, Holi is a celebration of equality.

होली भले ही साल-दर-साल आती रहे, पर उसके इंतजार की बेकरारी दिलों में कभी कम नहीं होती। रंगों में सराबोर हो उठने का यह त्यौहार प्राचीन काल से ही हमारा गौरव पर्व है। होली की रंगत ही कुछ ऐसी है कि इसने पंथों, संप्रदायों के बाड़ भी प्रेम की बौछार करते हुए बड़े खिलंदड़पन के साथ तोड़े है। यायावर अलबरूनी पर होली के रंग ऐसे चढ़े कि उसने अपनी ऐतिहासिक यात्रा के संस्मरण में होलिकोत्सव का खास जिक्र किया। मुस्लिम कवियों का होली वर्णन दिलचस्प है। सूफी संत हजरत निजामुद्दीन औलिया, अमीर खुसरो व नजीर अकबराबादी ने होली के नाम उम्दा रचनाएँ समर्पित की है। मुगल बादशाहों ने भी होली की खूब धूम मचाई है। अकबर के महल में सोने चांदी के बड़े-बड़े होदों में केवड़े और केसर के साथ टेसू का रंग घोला जाता था, जहांगीर के ‘महफिल-ए-होली‘ में आम जनता बादशाह पर भी रंग उड़ेल सकती थी। शाहजहां की होली, ईद-ए-गुलाबी और “आब-ए-पाशी“ के नाम से मशहूर थी। उत्सवप्रिय समाजों में वर्ष का आरंभ उत्साहपूर्वक मनाने की प्रथा है। ‘होली‘ केवल ‘रंगों‘ का उत्सव नहीं है। वह सबसे पहले एक सामाजिक अनुष्ठान है। दीवाली अगर हमारे लिए समृद्धि का उत्सव है तो होली समता का उत्सव है।
MASS ETHNIC ART AND SOCIAL LIFE
Authors: Jain Nisha
Published: March 2021

Tribal societies are of a different nature than civilized and developed societies. They have their own specific culture. Each tribe's own culture makes them different from other tribes. Traditionally inherited culture is the basis of his life. Due to this particular culture, they fulfill many of their needs. Tribal art is reflected in various social celebrations and rituals. The members of each tribe celebrate the joys of life through art and color that is reflected in their traditional clothes, colorful jewelery and adornment. They do not need any training for this art, their knowledge is automatically gained from generation to generation.

जनजातीय समाज सभ्य एवं विकसित समाज की तुलना में भिन्न प्रकृति के होते हैं। उनकी अपनी विषिष्ट संस्कृति होती है। प्रत्येक जनजाति को स्वयं की संस्कृति उन्हें दूसरी जनजातियों से भिन्न बनाती है। परम्परागत रूप से विरासत में प्राप्त हुई संस्कृति उनके जीवन का आधार है। इस विषिष्ट संस्कृति कें कारण वे अपनी बहुत सी आवष्यकताएं पूर्ण करते हैं। विभिन्न सामाजिक उत्सवों रीति रिवाजों में जनजातीय कला की झलक दिखलाई देती है।प्रत्येक जनजाती के सदस्य कला एवं रंगों के माध्यम से जीवन की खुषियां मनाते हैं जो उनके परम्परागत वस्त्रों, रंग बिरंगे आभूषणों एवं श्रृंगार से दिखलाई देता है। इस कला के लिए उन्हें किसी प्रषिक्षण की आवष्यकता नहीं होती है इसका ज्ञान उन्हें स्वतः पीढ़ी दर पीढ़ी प्राप्त होता चला जाता है।
COLOR COMBINATION IN MEDIEVAL HINDI POETRY
Authors: Solanki Pratibha
Published: March 2021

There is a close interplay of literature and painting. Through both, the deep objectives of life are fulfilled. If the words of a litterateur can elicit our feeling, then the lines and colors inscribed from the painter's paint also have a wonderful power to touch the soft side of our heart. Both poets and painters create beauty through their art talent. The beauty of words in poetry and the color and lines in pictures is present.

साहित्य और चित्रकला का पारस्परिक घनिष्ठ अंतर्सबंध है। दोनो के माध्यम से जीवन के गहन उद्देष्यों की पूर्ति होती है। साहित्यकार के शब्द यदि हमारी भावना को उद्वेलित कर सकते हैं तो चित्रकार की तूलिका से अंकित रेखाएं और रंग भी हमारे हृदय के कोमल पक्ष को छूने की अद्भुत शक्ति लिए होते हैं। कवि और चित्रकार दोनो ही अपनी कला प्रतिभा के जरिये सौंदर्य रचना करते हैं। कविता में शब्दों का तथा चित्रों में रंग और रेखाओं का सौंदर्य मौजूद रहता है।1 एक कुषल चित्रकार की भाँति साहित्यकार भी शब्दों के माध्यम से सुंदर बिंब एवं रंग संयोजन प्रस्तुत करता है।
"PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF COLORS AND COLOR THERAPY"
Authors: Atre Veena
Published: March 2021

Man is a social animal. Different colors have a significant impact on his life. All colors make sense of meaning in life. Provide energy with positive thinking. Only then does man lead a life of plight and activity, through painting, various colors have an important role in the physical and mental development of man. Artists express not only expressions of mind with lines and colors, but behind them research and conceptual brainstorming also develop with development.

मनुष्य एक सामाजिक प्राणी है। विभिन्न रंगों का उसके जीवन पर महत्वपूर्ण प्रभाव पड़ता है। सभी रंग जीवन में सार्थकता का अनुभव कराते है। सकारात्मक सोच के साथ ऊर्जा प्रदान करते हैं। तभी मनुष्य सरसता एवं सक्रियता के साथ जीवन व्यतीत करता है चित्रकला के माध्यम से मनुष्य के शारीरिक एवं मानसिक विकास में विभिन्न रंगों की अहम् भूमिका है। कलाकार केवल मन के भाव ही रेखा और रंगों से अभिव्यक्त नहीं करते बल्कि उसके पीछे उनका शोध एवं वैचारिक मंथन के साथ क्रिएशन काम्बीनेशन का भी विकास होता है।
COLOR COMBINATION IN INTERIOR AND EXTERIOR DECORATION
Authors: Chauhan Sadhana
Published: March 2021

Color is an integral part of our life, as much as this colorful world of ours is beautiful, as much as it is a world of these colors. In childhood, we are taught only the names of three primary colors: yellow, blue and red, but the truth is, we cannot limit colors to any number. There is no count of colors, because there are innumerable colors in this world. The reason for this is that by combining any two colors, we can create a third color and by altering the amount of those two colors we can create many light and dark colors. In this way, we can create innumerable colors from different cohesion (Buipdanjapavade). Color is the peak of beauty, and beauty is directly related to the heart. These colors are used in different forms of art and are used in different forms of art on an ornamental, artistic and symbolic basis. Like "Baiga women tattoo on their body, which itself is a modified structure consisting of many signs". 2 It is mainly found in the use of green color, which does not just enhance the beauty of the body, but it has all kinds of colors in it. There is also a belief in Baigao that the ability to resist from enemies also increases, as they increase the power of hands and feet. Tattooing is considered to be the jewel of the tribals, especially women, in their body, embellishes a variety of shapes. These figures have their own religious, spiritual, cultural and social importance.

रंग हमारे जीवन का एक अभिन्न हिस्सा है, जितनी खुबसुरत हमारी यह रंगीन दुनिया है, उतनी ही विलक्षण इन रंगो की दुनिया है। बचपन में हमे सिर्फ तीन प्राथमिक रंगो के नाम सिखाये जाते है:- पीला, नीला और लाल, परन्तु सच तो यह है कि, किसी संख्या में रंगो को सीमित नही कर सकते। रंगो की कोई गिनती नही होती, क्योंकि इस दुनिया में असंख्य रंग है। इसका कारण यह है कि किन्ही भी दो रंगो को मिलाकर हम एक तीसरे रंग का निर्माण कर सकते है और उन दो रंगो की मात्रा में फेरबदल करके हम अनेक हल्के और गहरे रंगो का निर्माण कर सकते है। इस तरह हम अलग अलग सामंजस्य (ब्वउइपदंजपवदे) से असंख्य रंगो का निर्माण कर सकते है। रंग सुन्दरता की चरम विघा है और सुन्दरता का सीधा संबंध हृदय से है। यही रंग कला के भिन्न भिन्न रूपो में प्रयुक्त किऐ जाते है और कला की विभिन्न विघाओ में अलंकारिक, कलात्मक व सांकेतिक आधार पर उपयोग में लाऐ जाते है। जैसे ‘‘ बैगा स्त्रीयाॅ अपने शरीर पर गोदना गुदवाती है, जो स्वयं कई चिन्हो से मिलकर बनी एक संश्रृष्ट संरचना होती है ’’ 2 इसमें मुख्यतः हरे रंग का प्रयोग पाया जाता है, जो महज शरीर का सौन्दर्य ही नही बढाते वरन् उसमें तमाम तरह की विपदाओ से प्रतिरोध करने की क्षमता को भी बढाते है, जैसे हाथो व पैरो की शक्ति को बढाते है, ऐसी बैगाओ में मान्यता है। गोदना आदिवासियों का आभूषण माना जाता है, विशेषकर महिलाऐ अपने शरीर में तरह तरह की आकृतियाॅ गुदवाती है। इन आकृतियों का अपना धार्मिक, आध्यात्मिक, सांस्कृतिक और सामाजिक महत्व होता है।