bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oncofetal expression of blood group‐related antigen on morules in thyroid carcinoma
Authors: Okamoto Yusaku , Yokoyama Shigeo , Sasaki Atsushi , Kashima Kenji , Daa Tsutomu , Nakayama Iwao , Noguchi Shiro
Published: December 2008

Morule formation In associatlon wtth characteristic biotln‐rich ‘optically clear nuclei’ were found In 7 of 2514 cases of thyrold carclnoma. The seven patients were all young females aged from 20 to 36 years who were suffering from efther papillary carclnoma (SIX cases) or follicular carcinoma (one case). The ABH (O) blood group (BG) types were A In three, AB In two and H(O) in two patients. lmmunohlstochemical study revealed that ABH(O) and Lewis BG antigens were expressed more specifically on morules than on ordinary neoplastic cells of paplllary or follicular carcinoma. Lewis BG antigens tested in the present study were as follows: CA50, CA19–9, stagespecific embryonic antigen 1 (SSEA‐l), and slalyl SSEA‐1. Ulex europaeus agglutinin I (UEA‐I) histochemistry showed a posftive reaction on all the morules of blood groups A and H(0) patients, but yielded completely negative results on the morules of type AB patients. Sequential digestion by neuraminldase and α‐galactosidase unmasked the reactivity for UEA‐I even on the morules of type AB patients. The consistent reactivity for UEA‐I on the morules seemed to be related to specific expression of BG antigens, which were characterized as oncofetal expression. It is suggested that the morules in thyroid carcinoma might be a kind of fetal component Induced by the differentiation of the neoplastic cells to the stage of immature embryonic cells.
Malignant eccrine spiradenoma with smooth muscle cell differentiation: Histological and immunohistochemical study
Authors: Itoh Tetsuhiko , Yamamoto Noriko , Tokunaga Masayoshi
Published: December 2008

Malignant transformation in a benign eccrlne eplradenoma Is rare. Since It was flrst reported In 1972, 31 cases have been reported. Of these, six cases had sarcomatous components, mainly osteosarcomatous, and one had rhabdomy‐obiastic differentiation. A case Is presented In which there were some small nodules of benlgn eccrine spiradenomas adjacent to a large nodule of malignant eccrine splradenoma with lelomyosarcomatous components, determined by his‐tologlc and lmmunohlstochemlcal studies.
p53 and Ki‐67 immunoreactivity and nuclear morphometry of ‘carcinoma‐in‐adenoma’ and adenoma of the gall‐bladder
Authors: Takei Kazuo , Watanabe Hidenobu , Itol Takao , Saito Toshihiko
Published: December 2008

Twenty lntramucosal tumors of ‘carclnomaln‐adenoma’ and 43 ademas (39 pylorlc gland type, 4 Intestinal type) of the gall‐bladder were studied to establish more precise histo‐logical criteria of carcinoma or adenoma In cases of ‘carcinoma In pyforic gland type adenoma’, to compare carcinoma In adenoma with pure, that Is, without adenomatous components, carcinoma, and to confirm the benign nature of spin‐dle cell fd in the adenomas. Ki‐67 and p53 immunostaining and nuclear morphomety were used. Eight pure intramucessl cancers were used as controls. The formalin‐fixed, paraffln+mbedded sections were stained with p53 and Ki‐67 antibodies. Splndle cell foci were observed only In the adenoma area of the pyloric gland type, wlth a frequency of 23% In 39 adenomas, and of 45% in 20 tumors of carclnoma‐lrradenoma. Ki‐67 staining was negative in 129 of 130 spin‐die cell foci examlned, regardless of their size, and positive in only one focus (550 pm in size, Ki‐67 Index 0.2%). All of the spindle cell foci were negative for p53 stain. The Ki‐67 positive index was 36.6 ± 5.6% In the 8 pure carcinomas, and 12.5 ± 1.9% in the cancer areas of 16 tumors with carcinoma‐in‐adenoma, while it was 7.9 ± 1.7% in the adenoma areas of 16 tumors with carcinoma‐in‐adenoma and 4.9 ± 0.5% in the 32 pure pyloric gland adenomas. The p53‐protein over‐expression was found in seven of eight pure intramucosal cancers, and in one of 16 cancer components of carclnoma‐in‐adenoma. However, it was not found in any of 16 adenoma components of carcinoma‐in‐adenoma, and 35 adenomas. Cells of the cancer tissue of carcinoma‐In‐adenoma showed a significantly larger nuclear area and a larger nuclear minor axis than those of the pyloric gland type adenomas, as well as other architectural and cytologic abnormalities differing from the features of adenomas. These results suggest that clustered spindle cells do not indmte a malignant transformation of adenoma cells and that carcinomas in carcinoma‐in‐adenoma are dtfferent from pylorlc gland type adenomas In terms of morphology and proliferative activity. Moreover, the results of the present study indicate that carcinomas In carcinoma‐ln‐adenoma are lower In malignancy than pure carcinomas, and that their genetic abnormaltty may differ from that of pure carcinomas.
p53 expression patterns in colorectal adenomas and early carcinomas: A special reference to depressed adenoma and non‐polypoid carcinoma
Authors: Yao Takashi , Utsunomiya Takashi , Nagai Eishi , Oya Masafumi , Tsuneyoshi Masazumi
Published: December 2008

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the role of p53 in tumor progression of colorectal adenomas and early carcinomas, while especially focusing on flat tumors (depressed adenomas and non‐polypoid carcinomas). Paraffin sections of 61 pure adenomas (33 polypoid, 28 depressed), 26 carcinomas in polypoid adenoma (CIA) and 63 pure carcinomas (36 polypoid, 27 non‐polypoid) were examined for immunostaining using p53 monoclonal antibody (PAb 1801). All of the carcinomas were restricted to the mucosa. The number and distribution of the p53 positive tumor cells was evaluated, and then compared with tumor growth patterns and histologlcal features. The incidence of p53 expression in carcinomas (58% in CIA and 51% in pure carcinomas) was significantly higher than that in polypoid adenoma (27% in CIA and 21% in pure adenomas). However, the same incidence In depressed adenomas (51%) was significantly higher than In polypoid adenomas. No correlation in carcinomas was observed between p53 expression and cllnlco‐pathologic data except for age. The distribution of p53 positive cells was different between adenomas and carcinomas. There tended to be fewer p53 positive cells in adenomas, even in depressed ones, than in carcinomas and they also tended to be confined to the superficial areas in adenomas, while they were diffusely distributed in carcinomas. Interestingly, the p53 positive cells were more frequently present in the deep mucosal areas than in the superficial areas of some non‐polypoid carcinomas. In conclusion, the following hypotheses are suggested: (i) the increase of p53 expression from adenoma to carcinoma supports the hypothesis of an adenoma‐carcinoma sequence in a polypoid tumor; (ii) the unique p53 expression in non‐polypoid carcinoma suggests the existence of another type of carcinogenesis; and (iii) depressed adenomas are thus considered to have a high potential risk of carcinoma.
Analysis of lectin binding properties on human Burkitt's lymphoma cell lines that show high spontaneous metastasis to distant organs in SCID mice: The binding sites for soybean agglutinin lectin masked by sialylation are closely associated with metastatic lymphoma cells
Authors: Abe Masafumi , Suzuki Osamu , Tasaki Kazuhiro , Tominaga Kunihiko , Wakasa Haruki
Published: December 2008

Alterations in cell surface carbohydrates on human lymphoma cell lines with different spontaneous metastatic potential in the severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mouse model were analyzed. A difference In cell surface carbohydrates between high‐ (HBL‐2, HBL‐7 and HBL‐8) and no‐ or low‐(HBL‐4, HBL‐6, Daudi and Raji) spontaneous metastatic human lymphoma cell lines were analyzed on a FACScan using fluorescein‐isothiocyanate (FITC)‐conjugated lectins. The most consistent difference in lectin binding properties was found with soybean agglutinin (SBA) lectin. High‐metastatic lymphoma cells (HBL‐7 and HBL‐8 cells) in vitro were found to bind the SBA lectin, but the cells in vivo (in primary tumors and metastatic tumors of SCID mice) showed considerably reduced SBA lectin binding. In addition, HBL‐2 cells that almost did not bind SBA lectin in vitro and in vivo showed high spontaneous metastasis. Neuraminidase treatment revealed that SBA lectin binding sites were masked by sialic acid. On the other hand, no‐ or low‐metastatlc lymphoma cells in vitro and in vivo were found to bind SBA lectin. HBL‐8 cell clones without SBA lectin binding showed high spontaneous metastasis to distant organs in SCID mice but HBL‐8 cell clones with SBA lectin binding showed very low spontaneous metastasis. Sophora Japonica agglutinin (SJA) lectin is able to recognize the carbohydrates in common with SBA lectin, but it does not appear to be associated with metastatic capacity. These results suggest that the sialylation of particular carbohydrate residues on human lymphoma cells that are recognized by SBA lectin may be associated with the spontaneously metastatic capacity of human lymphoma cell lines in our SCID mouse model.
Feasibility of archival non‐buffered formalin‐fixed and paraffin‐embedded tissues for PCR amplification: An analysis of resected gastric carcinoma
Authors: Inoue Teruhiko , Nabeshima Kazuki , Kataoka Hiroaki , Koono Masashi
Published: December 2008

Although several factors affecting the sensitivity of potymer‐ase chain reaction (PCR) amplification from formalin‐fixed tissues have been Investigated mostly by experiments, the feasibility of archival formalln‐flxed, paraffin‐embedded tissue samples stored in pathology departments for PCR amplification has rarely been examined directly. Thus, the feasibility of 74 archival unbuffered 10% formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded tissues for PCR amplification with primers producing a 190 b.p. DNA segment of p53 exon 5 was investigated. Fixation time was the critical factor influencing the sensitivity of PCR amplification. All (6/6) of the samples fixed for only 1 day, 44% (7/16) of the samples fixed for 2–3 days and 14% (4/28) of the samples fixed for 4–6 days showed successful amplification, while no amplification was obtained for the samples fixed for 7 days or more. The peak size of DNA extracted from the archival tissues decreased as the fixation time became longer. Experiments using xenografted tumor tissues fixed for various times showed longer permissible fixation time; up to 9 days of fixation, decreasing amounts of PCR products were obtained while no amplification was obtained for the samples fixed for 12 days or more. The time in paraffin seemed to be a minor factor for PCR amplification since all of the 1 day fixation samples, including those that had been embedded for up to 5 years, resulted in efficient amplification. The size of the amplified DNA segments, however, could be another factor influencing the sensitivity of amplification because even the 1 day fixation samples showed less amplification of 345 b.p. DNA compared with those of 167 and 262 b.p. DNA. Additionally, a point mutation was detected in the amplified pS3 products from archival tissues using a non‐isotopic method, temperature gradient gel elec‐trophoresis. In conclusion, archival tissue samples that had been fixed immediately for only up to 1 day were constantly available for PCR amplification of approximately 200 b.p. DNA segments, suggesting that surgical specimens should be subjected to cutting and paraffin embedding Just after 1 day or less fixation for subsequent use in PCR amplification.
Co‐expression of TNFα and IL‐1β in human acute pulmonary fibrotic diseases: An immunohistochemical analysis
Authors: Pan Li‐Hua , Ohtani Haruo , Yamauchi Kohei , Nagura Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

To clarify the Involvement of TNFα and IL‐1β in the Initiation of fibrotic lung diseases, their localization was examined by Immunohistochemistry. Fibrotic lung diseases observed were classified Into acute and old pulmonary fibrotic changes. The acute fibrotic changes included adult respiratory distress syndrome, acute interstitial pneumonia and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis with acute exacerbation. Acute pulmonary fibrotic changes histopathologically corresponded to a mixture of the exudative and proliferative phases of diffuse alveolar damage. Both TNFα and IL‐1β were positive in the alveolar macrophages and proliferating type II pneumocytes In acute fibrotic changes. In contrast, positive cells for TNFα and IL‐1β were sparse in the areas of old fibrotic change and in the normal tissue. These findings suggest that TNFα and IL‐1β play an Important role In the Initiation of pulmonary fibrotic responses and in the architectural remodeling, irrespective of the etiology of fibrotic lung diseases.
‘Magentosis' in human lactating breast: A mode of cell death accumulating single‐stranded DNA stretches or breaks
Authors: Umemura Shinobu , Osamura R. Yoshiyuki , Tsutsumi Yutaka
Published: December 2008

Pale and homogeneous‐looking nuclei of degenerative actnar cells selectively seen in an early regression stage of the human lactating breast were periodic acid‐Schiff (PAS)‐reactive. In our preceding paper, this peculiar morphologic feature was designated as ‘magentosis’. The present paper was aimed at hlstochemlcally clarifying the nature of the ‘magentotic’ nuclei. The diffuse PAS reactivity was not influenced by pretreatments with α‐amylase, DNase, RNase, pro‐teinase K, nor by hydrochloric acid or heating. The nuclei were negative for acid mucosubstances and secretory glyco‐proteins, and were unreactive with a variety of lectins. In contrast, the presence of single‐stranded DNA stretches or breaks was proven. The ‘magentotic’ nuclei in non‐heated paraffin sections were hybridized with a heat‐denatured DNA probe for human DNA consensus sequences and were focally Immunoreacthre with an antibody to single‐stranded DNA. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase‐mediated dUTP nick end‐labeling (TUNEL) method turned to be positive after digestion by mung bean nuciease, a single‐stranded DNA‐specific enzyme. The ‘magentotic’ nuclei were further clearly labeled by the in situ nick translation method. The nucleoli were devoid of reactivity for both the PAS and single‐stranded DNA signals. We propose that ‘magentosis' represents a unique mode of cell death, distinct from apoptosis and necrosis or oncosts. The PAS reactivity In the ‘magentotic’ nuclei may be correlated with the occurrence of single‐stranded stretches or breaks in the DNA chain.
Proliferating cell nuclear antigen expression in Wilms' tumor: A comparative study of pre‐ and post‐chemotherapy specimens
Authors: Kim Chong Jai , Oh Mee Hye , Shin Hee Young , Ann Hyo Seop , Kim Chul Woo , Chi Je G.
Published: December 2008

A total of 36 Wilms' tumors were immunohistochemically analyzed for proliferative (proliferating cell nuclear antigen‐labeling) index (PI) with special reference to the effect of pre‐operatlve chemotherapy on the proliferatlve potential of tumors and differences in PI according to the histologic components (epithelial, blastemal and stromal). The cases were divided into two groups according to the status of chemotherapy at the time of surgical removal of the tumors. In group I (n =12, cases with pre‐operatlve chemotherapy), the mean PI ± s.d. values of epithelial, blastemal and stromal types were 19.5 (n = 1), 10.1 ± 5.28 (n = 8), and 16.2 ± 13.49 (n = 3), respectively, and In group II (n = 24, cases without pre‐operative chemotherapy), 45.2 ±15.41 (n = 3), 28.5 ±16.92 (n = 10), and 23.2 ± 4.45 (n = 2), respectively. The cases with mixed histology in group II (n = 9) had comparable PI values for each histologic component. The mean PI ± s.d. was 12.1 ± 7.76 in group I and 31.9 ± 15.95 in group II. The PI value of group II was significantly higher than that of group I (P < 0.001). Alterations in the PI value following chemotherapy implied that the interpretation of tumor histology following chemotherapy should be more prudent because alteration of the Pl, which reflects the proliferative potential of tumor cells, suggests modified biology of viable cells in pretreated cases as a consequence of chemotherapy.
Correlation of two argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region counting methods with the Ki‐67 labeling index in uterine smooth muscle cell tumors
Authors: Sawada Tatsuo , Niihashi Man , Oinuma Toshinori , Takekawa Yoshinori , Yoshida Takao , Sakurai Isamu
Published: December 2008

The argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions (AgNOR) are silver stained granules that are thought to correlate with cell proliferation activity. Two AgNOR counting methods: the mean AgNOR count (mAgNOR, the mean number of AgNOR granules in 100 cells) and the AgNOR proliferatlve Index (pAgNOR, the percentage of cells exhibiting five or more AgNOR granules per nuclei) have been proposed. In this study, the two counting methods were applied to 58 cases of normal uterine corpus and uterine corpus tumors and were compared with the Ki‐67 labeling Index (Ki‐67 Ll) using MIB‐1 monoclonal antibody and other hlstopathologlcal criteria. Notable differences In the number of AgNOR and the Ki‐67 Ll were observed between benign and malignant smooth muscie tissue. Hlstopathologic features are well correlated to the proliferatlve activity of tumors. Although the most reliable method of predicting malignant potential cannot be determined, the methods outlined by this study are thought to be highly useful In assessing proliferatlve activities.
Crystalglobulin‐induced vasculopathy accompanying ischemic intestinal lesions of a patient with myeloma
Authors: Usuda Hiroyuki , Emura Iwao , Naito Makoto
Published: December 2008

A 37 year old man with multiple myeloma (IgGλ) developed perforation of the small Intestine and had gangrene In his feet. In the resected small intestine and below‐knee amputated feet, intravascular deposition of crystals, Immunohlsto‐chemically positive for IgG and a lambda light chain, were found. Although paraproteins produced in the course of plasma cell dyscrasia may crystallize and cause systemic occlusive vasculopathy, this is the first case with intestinal involvement. Because cryoglobulinemia was absent in this patient, crystals may be derived from the myeloma protein which sometimes crystallizes In the blood without the Influence of low temperature.
Utility of pancreatic digestive enzyme immunohistochemistry in the differential diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma and metastatic adenocarcinoma of the liver
Authors: Terada Tadashi , Nakanuma Yasuni
Published: December 2008

To test the diagnostic utility of pancreatic digestive enzyme immunohistochemistry in liver cancers, the expression of three pancreatic digestive enzymes (trypsinogen, chymo‐trypsinogen and pancreatic lipase) was investigated in cholangiocarcinoma (CC) (n=42), hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (n = 35), combined HCC‐CC (n = H) and metastatic adenocarcinoma (MA) of the liver (n =34; 4 gastric cancer, 5 pancreatic cancer and 25 colon cancer). In CC, 15 (36%) expressed one or more of these enzymes, while the remaining 27 (64%) did not express any enzymes. In MA, 13 (38%) expressed one or more of these enzymes, while the remaining 21 (62%) did not express any enzymes. Expression of trypsinogen, chymotrypsinogen and lipase was noted in 15 CC (36%), 11 CC (25%) and 15 CC (36%), respectively, and in 9 MA (26%), 6 MA (18%) and 13 MA (38%), respectively. There was no significant difference in the positive ratio of each enzyme between CC and MA. In positive cases, the enzymes were expressed with a cytoplasmic granular pattern. In MA, there was no significant difference in the positive ratio of the enzymes among the primary sites. In contrast to CC and MA, these enzymes were not expressed in any cases of HCC and combined HCC‐CC. These data suggest that pancreatic digestive enzyme immunohistochemistry may be useful for differential diagnosis between HCC and CC or MA as well as between combined HCC‐CC and CC or MA, but it is not useful for differential diagnosis between CC and MA. A positive reaction for these enzymes is indicative of CC or MA and is against the diagnosis of HCC or combined HCC‐CC, and a negative reaction is noncontributory to the differential diagnosis.
Argyrophilic nucleolar organizer regions in coiorectai malignancy: Application of typing by their density
Authors: Iwashita Takamasa , Mori Hiroshi , Ito Yasuhiro , Obashi Akio , Sugimoto Kenji , Tei Hogen , Hirata Ichiro , Oshiba Saburo
Published: December 2008

Coiorectai neoplasms obtained at colonoscopy were examined by argyrophilic nucleolar organizer region (AgNOR) staining to evaluate the usefulness of AgNOR as a discriminant for malignancy. AgNOR dots were divided into two kinds; ‘structures’ (larger and less‐densely stained) corresponding to the nucleolus, and ‘units’ (smaller and densely stained) presumed to be true AgNOR within the structure. The number of structures per nucleus did not differ between the adenoma and carcinoma groups, whereas the number of unite per nucleus showed a significant difference. However there were several cases showing an overlap between the adenoma and carcinoma groups, leading to a difficulty in deciding whether any given case was benign or malignant. Three types of AgNOR patterns were categorized based on the ratio of units to structure. Type I was defined as the unit being Indistinguishable from the structure, Type II as each structure having one to five units, and Type III as at least one structure having six or more units, irrespective of total number of units per nucleus. The coiorectai lesions in which more than half of the neoplastic cells showed Type III coincided well with carcinomas histologically diagnosed, with the exception of adenomas with severe atypla. Labeling index of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA LI) differed between the adenoma and carcinoma groups with a considerable extent of overlap, and correlated to some extent with the AgNOR values. These results showed that the AgNOR staining was useful for determining malignancy and its usefulness appeared superior to PCNA LI.
Oncocytic hepatocellular carcinoma with numerous globular hyaline bodies
Authors: Fukunaga Noboru , Fujioka Akira , Tanaka Kiyoshl , Toyama Ryosuke
Published: December 2008

Two well circumscribed tumors, oncocytic and non‐oncocytic, were removed from the non‐cirrhotic liver of a 67 year old male. The large oncocytic tumor (OCT), occupying the entire left lobe, was multllobulated with focal coagulation necrosis and areas of hemorrhage. Light microscopy revealed that it consisted of exclusively large, granular oxyphlllc cells with moderate nuclear atypla and occasional mitotic figures, which were trabecular and/or pseudoglandular In structure, but no lamellar flbrosis was seen. Characteristically, the OCT cells included numerous globular hyaline bodies (GHB) of various sizes which were stained red with acid fuchsin and deep blue or magenta with phosphotungstic acid hematoxylin (PTAH), but negative for periodic add Schiff (PAS), orcein, rhodamine and Grimelius methods. Immunohlstochemically, a‐fotoprotein (AFP), α‐1‐antitrypsin, α‐1‐antichymotrypsin, fibrinogen and ferritin were all negative. On urtrastructural examination, tumor cells were mitochondria‐rich, Including electron dense, ovoid or polyhedral Inclusions, with the defineated membrane Identical with that of the GHB. In contrast, the small tumor in the right lobe (Segment 7) was a solid adenoma with no oncocytic transition. Based on these findings, it was postulated that OCT consists of heterogenous proliferation of mitochondria‐rich hepatocytes which tend to induce lysoso‐mal GHB closely associated with mitochondrial abnormalities.
Renal primitive neuroectodermal tumor: An immunohistochemical and cytogenetic analysis
Authors: Takeuchi Toshio , Iwasaki Hiroshi , Ohjimi Yuko , Kaneko Yasuhiko , Ishiguro Masako , Fujita Chikako , Mlura Yasusi , Hiratsuka Yoshiharu , Sakamoto Kimitaka , Kikuchi Masahiro
Published: December 2008

The cytogenetic and morphologic characteristics of a case with a primitive neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) arising from the left kidney in a 22 year old man are presented. The patient was detected as having a left renal mass with a tumor embolus In the inferior vena cava and multiple pulmonary metastases. A radical nephrectomy with tumor embolectomy of the Inferior vena cava, along with a resection of the pulmonary nodules were performed. Histologic examination revealed a dense proliferation of small round cells with many Homer‐Wright type rosettes and perlvascular pseudo‐rosettes. Immunohlstochemically, the tumor cells stained strongly positive for HBA71(p30/32M IC2), a surface glycopro‐teln specific to PNET and Ewlng's sarcoma. In addition, the tumor cells expressed several neural markers (neuron specific enolase, neurofilament, synaptophysin, and Leu‐7) and vimentin, while the epithelial, muscular, and lymphocytlc markers were negative in the tumor cells. Cytogenetic analysis of cultured tumor cells showed a reciprocal translocation t(11; 22)(q24; q12) that is considered to be specific to PNET and Ewing's sarcoma. In conclusion, this case suggested that a karyotyping analysis is a useful diagnostic tool for renal PNET, and it may therefore be utilized to help distinguish between difficult cases of small round cell tumors and Wilms' tumor of the kidney.
Granular cell tumor expressing myogenic markers in the prostate
Authors: Furthata Mutsuo , Sonobe Hiroshi , Iwata Jun , Ido Eiji , Ohtsukl Yuji , Kuwahara Morimasa , Fujisaki Nobuta
Published: December 2008

A granular cell tumor in the prostate of a 72 year old male is reported. The tumor nest was composed of large polygonal tumor cells, possessing cytoplasmlc eoslnophlllc granules which were positive with PAS stain and resistant to diastase digestion. Immunohistochemically, most tumor cells were strongly positive with anti‐α‐smooth muscle actin and ‐neuron specific enolase antibodies. Only a few scattered tumor cells were reacted with antt‐S‐100 protein antibody. These find‐Ings might suggest smooth muscle differentiation of this case, and provide an additional Insight into the histogenesis of granular cell tumors, especially In their heterogeneity.
Glomerulonephritis with predominant paramesangial IgG deposition
Authors: Kano KenichI , Ueda Yoshlhiko , Iidaka Kazunari , Ichimura Tohju
Published: December 2008

The new clinicopathological entity, Immunoglobin G (IgG)‐associated mesangial prollferative glomerulonephritls (GN), has been reported recently, but serial renal biopsies were not performed In the cases reported. The findings of three serial renal biopsies In a pediatrlc case with IgG‐associated GN and paramesangial deposits are reported. Microscopic hematuria was found Incidentally at the age of 8 years and the hematuria often worsened transiently during periods of upper respiratory infections. The patient was treated mainly with dipyrldamole. The third biopsy showed that both para‐mesangial hemispherical deposits and predominant mesan‐gial IgG deposits had increased, while mesangial cell proliferation had markedly decreased. These serial biopsy findings suggest that IgG‐associated GN with microscopic hematuria and slight proteinuria may be characterized by a relatively benign histoiogical and clinical course, as described in recent reports.
Iron‐induced tissue damage and cancer: The role of reactive oxygen species‐free radicals
Authors: OKADA SHIGERU
Published: December 2008

Oxygen is poisonous, but we cannot live without It. The high oxidizing potential of oxygen molecules (dioxygen) Is a valuable source of energy for the organism and its reactivity is low; that is, spin forbidden. However, the dioxygen itself is a ‘free radical’ and, especially in the presence of transition metals, K is a major promoter of radical reactions in the cell. Humans survive only by virtue of their elaborate defense mechanisms against oxygen toxicity.

Iron is the most abundant transition metal in the human body‐ Because iron shows wide variation in redox potential with different co‐ordination ligands, it may be used as a redox intermediate in many biological mechanisms. However, it is precisely this redox activeness that makes iron a key participant in free radical production.

The current research on the relationship between iron and cancer is briefly reviewed. Research results are reported here which indicate that iron, when bound to certain ligands, can cause free‐radical mediated tissue damage and become carcinogenic. The present study also suggests that iron may also have a significant role in spontaneous human cancer.
APC, K‐ras codon 12 mutations and p53 gene expression in carcinoma and adenoma of the gall‐bladder suggest two genetic pathways in gall‐bladder carcinogenesis
Authors: ITOI TAKAO , WATANABE HIDENOBU , AJIOKA YOICHI , OOHASHL YASUHIRO , TAKEI KAZUO , NISHIKURA KEN , NAKAMURA YUSUKE , Horii Akira , Saito Toshihiko
Published: December 2008

Currant histopathoiogical evidence suggests that gall‐bladder cancer has two main morphological pathways for Its development: de novo (ab Inltlo) origin and adenoma‐carcinoma sequence. In order to investigate the genetic difference between them, APC mutations were examined by RNase protection analysis, K‐ras mutations by nested porymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis, and p53 gene overexpression by immunoriisto‐chemical analysis in both tumors and benign lesions of the gall‐bladder. Overexpression of the p53 gene was detected in 105 of 164 (64%) de novo carcinomas regardless of size and depth of Invasion, but not in 16 tumors of carcinoma‐ln‐pyloric‐gland‐type adenoma, or In 51 adenomas (47 pyloric gland‐type and 4 Intestinal‐type). K‐ras codon 12 mutation was detected in 4 of 40 (10%) de novo carcinomas, ail four being associated with p53 gene overexpression, but not in 12 tumors of carcinoma in adenoma or 16 adenomas (14 pyloric gland‐type and 2 intestinal‐type). APC mutation was not found in 16 de novo carcinomas or the one pyloric gland‐type adenoma examined. These results suggest that there are two distinct genetic pathways in gall‐bladder carcinogenesis; that is, de novo carcinoma develops from a predominant p53 alteration with low K‐ras mutation, and carclnoma‐in‐pylortc‐gland‐type adenoma develops from p53‐, K‐ras‐, and APC‐gene‐unrelated, as yet unknown, alteration.
High expression of the fee gene product in murine testicular germ cells and erythroblasts
Authors: KAZAMA AKIO , Mano Hiroyukl , Morishlta Yasuyuki , Mori Shigeo
Published: December 2008

Tec is a novel non‐receptor‐type protein tyroslne kinase that was originally Identified from a murine liver cDNA library. While the function of Tec remains unknown, it was shown recently that two Tec‐related kinases are involved directly in the growth and differentiation of bone marrow stem cells. As the localization of Tec protein has not been reported yet, immunohlstochemical and immunochemlcal studies of various murine organs were conducted in the present study to clarify which cells express this kinase protein. An intense immunohistologic reaction was observed in neonatal and adult testicular germ cells, and neonatal and fetal hepatic erythroblasts. In addition, a clear immunostaining was noted in neonatal and adult tubal epithelial cells, hepatocytes, basal cells of the non‐glandular stomach, foveolar epithelium of the glandular stomach, sebaceous cells of the skin and fetal cartilage. The immune reaction of germ cells and erythroblasts was observed in the cell membrane, although this protein does not have a transmembrane domain. Supportive western blotting of testis, adult liver, spleen and heart of adult C.B‐17 mice with the use of anti‐Tec antibody demonstrated a heavy 70kDa band in the liver and testis, and a much weaker, small band in the heart and spleen. These results suggest that Tec protein has a specific role in testicular germ cells and erythroblasts.
Do epidermal Langerhans cells, migrating from skin lesions, induce the paracortical hyperplasia of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy?
Authors: Shamoto Mtkihiro , Osada Akiko , Shlnzato Masanorl , Kaneko Chiyuki , Yoshida Asako
Published: December 2008

In the present study, immunohlstochemical and Immuno‐electron microscopic techniques were used to differentiate Langerhans cells (LC) from interdigitating cells (IDC) in the lymph nodes (LN) of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy. The majority of the dendritic cells that existed In the LN of dermatopathic lymphadenopathy were positive for OKT‐6 (CD la) antibody. It was concluded that these dendritic cells were not IDC, but LC. Electron microscopically, LC In these LN contained a few Blrbeck granules (BG). In order to prove the fact that these dendritic cells were LC, the existence of BG was investigated ultrastructurally by examining serial sections, and Immunoelectron microscopically for CD 1a positive cells. Most of the LC in the lymph nodes we examined were negative for the anti‐prollferating nuclear antigen (PCNA) antibody. This finding may mean that LC in the LN are fully developed cells and do not divide In the LN. Langer‐hana cells may migrate from the skin lesions to the paracortical areas in the LN, which then may become enlarged.
Mature teratoma of the placenta
Authors: Shimojo Hisashi , Itoh Nobuo , Shigematsu Hidekazu , Yamazaki Teruyuki
Published: December 2008

A rare case of a mature teratoma of the placenta is reported. The tumor lay between the amnion and the chorlon and contained skin and its appendages, bone, cartilage, fat and ganglia, without organization. There was no evidence of a recognizable umbilical cord. We concluded that the tumor was a mature teratoma of the placenta. The distinction between a teratoma and a fetus acardius amorphus, and the possible origin of the tumor in this site, are discussed with a brief review of the literature.
CD30‐positive T ceil lymphoma of the intestine, complicating uicerative colitis
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Nakamura Masato , Machlmura Takao
Published: December 2008

Large call lymphoma with massive necrosis and a phagocyte reaction (malignant histtocytosis‐type lymphoma) occurred multiocally In the small and large Intestine of a 52 year old male, who had suffered from uicerative colitis of a pancotonlc type for 2 years. After total colectomy and partial Jejunec‐tomy, the tumor recurred repeatedly during the subsequent 3‐year period. He died of massive Intestinal hemorrhage with mild regional lymph nodal Involvement. Surface marker studies disclosed CD4/CD8‐double negative and CD30+ T cell features. CD3 was weakly expressed. Epstein‐Barr virus Infection was not identified. The relationship of this neoplasm with ‘enteropathy‐associated T cell lymphoma’ and Intestinal KM lymphoma Is discussed.
Histological grade in invasive ductal carcinoma of breast correlates with the proliferative activity evaluated by BrdU: An immunohistochemical study including correlations with p53, c‐erbB‐2 and estrogen receptor status
Authors: Moriki Toshiaki , Takahashi Tamotsu , Hiroi Makoto , Yamane Toshiko , Hara Hiroshi
Published: December 2008

Thirty cases of invasive ductal carcinoma of the breast were classified to histological subtype according to the General Rules for Clinical and Pathological Recording of Breast Cancer of the Japanese Breast Cancer Society and histologically graded using the Nottingham method and the correlation of histology with proliferative activity was investigated using bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU). In addition, the overexpression of p53 protein, c‐erbB‐2 oncoprotein and estrogen receptor (ER) were immunohistochemically examined in order to discuss the relationship with histological subtype and histological grade. Histological grade correlated positively to the BrdU labeling index (LI) and overexpression of p53. High grade carcinoma demonstrated c‐erbB‐2 more frequently and exhibited a low incidence of ER. However, no significant relationship was found between BrdU LI, overexpression of p53 and c‐erbB‐2 and histological subtype. These results suggest that the histological grade does represent the proliferative activity of tumor cells and that adding the histological grade to the pathological diagnosis in invasive ductal breast carcinoma may be useful from the clinicopathological aspect concerning tumor behavior.
p53 and Ki‐67 immunoreactivity and nuclear morphometry of ‘carcinoma‐in‐adenoma’ and adenoma of the gall‐bladder
Authors: Takei Kazuo , Watanabe Hidenobu , Itoi Takao , Saito Toshihiko
Published: December 2008

Twenty Intramucosal tumors of ‘carclnoma‐ln‐adenoma’ and 43 adenomas (39 pylorlc gland type, 4 Intestinal type) of the gall‐bladder were studied to establish more precise hlsto‐loglcal criteria of carcinoma or adenoma in cases of ‘carcinoma in pylorlc gland type adenoma’, to compare carcinoma in adenoma with pure, that is, without adenomatous components, carcinoma, and to confirm the benign nature of spindle cell foci in the adenomas. Ki‐67 and p53 immunostaining and nuclear morphometry were used. Eight pure intramucosal cancers were used as controls. The formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded sections were stained with p53 and Ki‐67 antibodies. Spindle cell foci were observed only in the adenoma area of the pylorlc gland type, with a frequency of 23% in 39 adenomas, and of 45% in 20 tumors of carclnoma‐Jn‐adenoma. Ki‐67 staining was negative in 129 of 130 spin‐die cell foci examined, regardless of their size, and positive in only one focus (550 μm in size, Ki‐67 index 0.2%). All of the spindle cell foci were negative for p53 stain. The Ki‐67 positive index was 36.6 ±5.6% in the 8 pure carcinomas, and 12.5 ±1.9% in the carcinoma area of 16 tumors with carci‐noma‐in‐adenoma, while it was 7.9± 1.7% and in the adenoma areas of 16 tumors with carcinoma‐in‐adenoma and 4.9 ± 0.5% in the 32 pure pyloric gland adenomas. The p53‐protein overexpression was found in seven of eight pure intramucosal cancers, and in one of 16 cancer components of carcinoma‐in‐adenoma. However, it was not found in any of 16 adenoma components of carcinoma‐in‐adenoma, and 35 adenomas. Cells of the cancer tissue of carcinoma‐in‐adenoma showed a significantly larger nuclear area and a larger nuclear minor axis than those of the pyloric gland type adenomas, as well as other architectural and cytologic abnormalities differing from the features of adenomas. These results suggest that clustered spindle cells do not indicate a malignant transformation of adenoma cells and that carcinomas in carcinoma‐in‐adenoma are different from pyloric gland type adenomas in terms of morphology and proliferative activity. Moreover, the results of the present study indicate that carcinomas in carcinoma‐in‐adenoma are lower in malignancy than pure carcinomas, and that their genetic abnormality may differ from that of pure carcinomas.
Frozen‐section services by telepathology: Experience of 100 cases in the San‐in District, Japan
Authors: Adachi Hironobu , Inoue Jun , Nozu Takeshi , Aoki Hidenobu , Ito Hisao
Published: December 2008

The early experience is reported here of the use of Intra‐operative frozen‐section service by telepathology using the Integrated Service Digital Network (ISDN), a commercially available system that is being connected between the Department of Pathology of Tottori University and Matsue City Hospital, a distance of 30 km. The transfer rate is currently 64kbit/s. The frozen‐section service was conducted for a total of 117 tissue specimens (organs) from 100 patients between August 1993 and May 1995. The average time taken for examination of each specimen of frozen section was 13min, ranging between 2 and 42min. The average number of transmitted Images was 6.2. Six cases necessitated more than 11 transmitted Images to make a diagnosis, while 13 cases could be diagnosed from two images only. Correct and permissible diagnoses were obtained in 109 (93.2%) out of 117 specimens when comparing the telepathology diagnosis with that of direct microscopy. Improper or misdiag‐nosis was made for eight cases (specimens), which were misinterpreted as papillary carcinoma in Basedow's disease, adenoma and hyperplasia in two pheochromocytomas, solid‐tubular carcinoma in phyilodes tumor, mastopathy in invasive carcinoma, metastatic carcinoma in astrocytoma, follicular lymphoma in reactive hyperplasia, and lymphadenitis in follicular lymphoma. in retrospect, diagnosis of these cases should have been deferred. From the results, it was concluded that the Intraoperatlve frozen‐section service by telepathology may be a worthwhile substitute for hospitals with limited accessibility to local pathology service, in spite of pitfalls in some cases. Well prepared, high‐quality frozen sections, sufficient verbal communication with surgeons, and a rather conservative attitude on the part of a well‐trained pathologist seem to be the essential Ingredients for reaching an accurate decision when using telepathology.
Stromal melanocytosis of an adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the palatal minor salivary gland
Authors: Takeda Yasunori
Published: December 2008

An unusual case of adenoid cystic carcinoma arising from the palatal minor salivary gland in a 63‐year‐old Japanese female is reported. In addition to the characteristic histopath‐ologic features of adenoid cystic carcinoma, spindle‐ and dendritic‐shaped cells containing excessive amounts of melanin pigment were densely and widely distributed in the stroma resulting in a blue nevus‐like appearance. Neither melanocytes nor melanin pigments were seen within the parenchyma. The possible histogenesis of melanocytes in the stroma of the salivary gland carcinoma is discussed, although no firm conclusion could be drawn.
Iocalized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicle: Identification of lactoferrin immunoreactivity in the amyloid material
Authors: Tsutsumi Yutaka , Serizawa Akihiko , Hori Sadaaki
Published: December 2008

Three specimens of localized amyloidosis of the seminal vesicle surgically removed for prostatic cancer were immuno‐histochemically analyzed to clarify the nature of the permanganate‐sensitive congophilic subeplthelial deposition. A variety of known amyloidogenic substances and secretory products in the seminal fluid were screened using the indirect immunoperoxldase method. In addition to reactivities with antibodies to amyloid P component and human seminal plasma, the amyloid material was immunoreactive for lactoferrin using a rabbit antiserum and two of three mouse monoclonal antibodies. All the antibodies labeled some of the normal seminal vesicle epithelial cells for this iron‐binding, bacteriostatJc glycoprotein. In the prostate without accompanying amyloid deposition, a considerable proportion of the glandular epithelium and secretory material were positive for lactoferrin. Pre‐embedding immunoelectron microscopy showed lactoferrin immunoreactivity on the amyloid fibrils. Focal staining of the amyloid for gross cystic disease fluid protein‐15 was also observed in two lesions. These findings strongly suggest that lactoferrin is the major constituent in localized senile amyloidosis of the seminal vesicle.
Clinicopathologic study on clear cell hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Yang Seung Ha , Watanabe Jiro , Nakashima Osamu , Kojiro Masamichi
Published: December 2008

In order to study the clinicopathologic characteristics of the clear cell variant of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 215 consecutive cases measuring less than 5 cm in diameter were reviewed. The cases were divided into clear cell HCC (20 cases); focal clear cell HCC (77 cases); and non‐clear cell HCC (118 cases). Clinical and pathological findings were compared among these groups. Clear cell HCC was moderately differentiated in 80% of cases and the incidence was not related to tumor size. The male to female ratio was 2.3:1, lower than the 6.9:1 of non‐clear cell HCC. The association rate with liver cirrhosis was 90%, higher than the 59.3% of non‐clear cell HCC. Three‐ and five‐year survival rates, and no recurrence time were 54.5%, 33.3%, and 564 days, respectively, lower than the findings of 74.3%, 46.1%, and 770 days for non‐clear cell HCC. But there is no significant difference in prognosis between both groups. Ultrastructurally, clear cells showed abundant glycogen storage and a variable degree of fat vacuoles, with a marked reduction of the number and size of organelles in the 8 cases examined. Non‐clear cells of focal clear cell and non‐clear cell HCC showed a moderate degree of glycogen storage in 85.7% and 28.6% of the seven cases examined from each group, with significant difference. It was concluded that clear cell HCC occurs mostly in the moderately differentiated form and is characterized by high female prevalence, high rate of association with liver cirrhosis, and has no significant difference in prognosis compared with non‐clear cell HCC.
Sclerosing peritonitis associated with iuteinized thecoma of the ovary
Authors: Iwasa Yoko , Mlnamlguchi Sachiko , Konishi Ikuo , Onodera Hisashi , Zhou Jain , Yamabe Hirohiko
Published: December 2008

A unique case of bilateral Iuteinized the comas of the ovary associated with sclerosing peritonitis is reported and the clinical and pathological features of this and previously reported cases are reviewed. The patient, 52 years of age, presented with abdominal distension and diarrhea. Pelvic imaging studies revealed bilateral ovarian tumors with ascltes. Total abdominal hysterectomy and bilateral salpingo‐oophorectomy with adhesiotomy of the small bowel were performed. Histologically, the ovarian tumor was composed of closely packed spindle to round‐shaped cells, and within the spindle cell population, lutein‐like cells were scattered singly or in clusters. Mitotic counts of spindle cells revealed 12 mitotic figures (MF) per 10 high‐power fields (HPF) in one part of the left ovarian tumor, but other areas of the tumor showed less than 3 MF/10 HPF on average. The lesion from the resected small bowel showed prominent fibrosis confined to the serosa with no evidence of metastasis from the ovarian tumor. The patient has undergone adhesiotomy with parttal resection of the small bowel seven times since the first laparotomy because of the recurrent small bowel obstruction. The patient has survived with complications due to short bowel syndrome for 7 years after the initial surgery and so far no recurrence or metastasis of the ovarian tumor has been Identified. The case reported here also supports the idea that lutefnlzed thecoma of the ovary associated with sclerosing peritonitis may be a distinct clinicopathologic entity, in terms of the unique association and of the unique features of thecoma; that is, bilateral, hormonally inactive and apparently benign in spite of its highly mitotic activity. Additional attention should be paid to the patient's quality of life, which is often degraded by peritoneal flbrosis and small bowel obstruction.
Small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with micro‐invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma in situ
Authors: Toki Toshihiko , Katayama Yosei , Motoyama Tei‐ichi
Published: December 2008

A case of small‐cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the uterine cervix associated with squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma In situ is reported. The tumor consisted mainly of uniform small cells with a population of intermediate cells that resembled carclnold tumor cells. Foci of micro‐invasive squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma In situ were recognized separately, adjacent to the main tumor. Both Gri‐mellus stain and Immunostalning of serotonin were positive for small‐cell and Intermediate‐cell carcinoma. Neurosecre‐tory granules were demonstrated by electron microscopy. Mlcroaclnl with positive mucln staining and microvilli‐like structures suggested glandular or exocrine differentiation of trie tumor. Three distinctive types of differentiation, neuroendocrine, exocrine and squamous characteristics, were expressed In the tumor.