bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EDUCAÇÃO EM SAÚDE EM LIGA MULTIPROFISSIONAL DE GERIATRIA E CUIDADOS PALIATIVOS EM 2018: RELATO DE EXPERIÊNCIA DE UM PROJETO EXITOSO
Authors: Ceresa Jeovana , Rodrigues Beatriz Caroline , Gonçalves Dias Cionek Otávio Augusto , Da Rocha Flores Giediel Rosa Francine , Guimarães da Silveira Letícia , Rigo Dalla Corte Roberta
Published: February 2020

Introdução: A Liga de Geriatria e Cuidados Paliativos (LiGCP) da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul é um projeto da Pró-Reitoria de Extensão da UFRGS realizado por um grupo multidisciplinar de alunos da graduação e pós-graduação da UFRGS e coordenado pela professora Roberta Rigo Dalla Corte, do Departamento de Medicina Interna da Faculdade de Medicina da UFRGS. São empreendidas ações em promoção de saúde e educação em Geriatria, Gerontologia e Cuidados Paliativos norteadas ao âmbito acadêmico e público externo mediante exposições de tópicos com palestrantes das áreas. Objetivos: Avaliar o exercício em extensão universitária em educação e promoção de saúde nas três áreas desenvolvido pelo projeto em 2018. Metodologia: Mensurar as atividades de 2018 quanto ao total de eventos, número de inscritos, formação profissional dos inscritos e abrangência da difusão em mídias sociais. Resultados: Foram organizados 7 eventos: a Aula Inaugural, Cuidados Paliativos: um Olhar Sobre as Necessidades Atuais, Relação Profissional da Saúde: Uma Relação Essencial, Cardiogeriatria: Atualizações em Hipertensão e Dislipidemia, Nutrição e Cuidados Paliativos, Setembro Dourado: Cuidados Paliativos em Oncologia Pediátrica, Diabetes e o Paciente Idoso e Espiritualidade em Cuidados Paliativos. Ainda que exista o fator restritivo de limitação física do espaço onde são desenvolvidas as ações, na totalidade dos eventos foram contabilizados 749 inscritos. A maior parte dos participantes é da área de Enfermagem (47,6%), seguido de Medicina (25,87%), Nutrição (9,1%), Fonoaudiologia (6,61%) e Fisioterapia (4,86%), com menores contribuições em número de presentes de graduações de Psicologia, Terapia Ocupacional, Farmácia e Educação. Os eventos foram divulgados na página da Liga no Facebook (fb.me/LiGCPUFRGS), criada em junho de 2015 e que conta com 1.325 seguidores. Agregando a divulgação da totalidade dos eventos, a abrangência foi 12.400 de pessoas alcançadas, 526 reações e 2.877 respostas. Conclusões: Devido à abordagem multidisciplinar objetivada pelo projeto de extensão, há fomento de participação de ouvintes de diferentes formações profissionais que enriquecem as discussões do conhecimento científico em Geriatria, Gerontologia e Cuidados Paliativos, bem como o intercâmbio entre graduações da área da Saúde e entre os eixos do tripé universitário de Ensino, Pesquisa e Extensão.
GERONTOTECNOLOGIA EDUCACIONAL PARA PROMOÇÃO DA SAÚDE DE IDOSOS EM TRATAMENTO HEMODILIATICO
Authors: Abreu de Carvalho Anderson , Falcão Martins Naísa , Silveira de Almeida Hammerschmdt Karina , Coelho Gelsleuchter Juliete , Balbinote Reis Girondi Juliana , Lopes Soares Gustavo
Published: February 2020

Introdução: Com crescimento da população idosa, aumenta a incidência de doenças crônicas como a doença renal crônica1. A hemodiálise é tratamento mais utilizado e interfere diretamente sobre qualidade de vida2. Para tanto as gerontotecnologias educacionais podem ser capazes de envolver o indivíduo no autocuidado3. Objetivo: Promover a saúde dos idosos em tratamento hemodialítico, através da aplicação de gerontotecnologia educacional. Metodologia: Pesquisa Convergente Assistencial. Participaram idosos a partir dos 60 anos, que realizavam hemodiálise, num hospital universitário do Sul do país. Para coleta de dados utilizou-se de entrevista semiestruturada para levantamento de dados característicos. Posteriormente, foram elencadas categorias, para identificação de temas a serem abordados em posterior aplicação da gerontotecnologia Jogo das Atitudes. Realizou-se entre novembro de 2017 e fevereiro de 2018. Número do CEP: 1.097.377. Resultados: Participaram 12 idosos. Referente auto percepção, emergiu as categorias: Prevenção, Cronicidade, Conhecimento, Déficit de atividades, Empoderamento. A aplicação da gerontotecnologia se deu a partir da avaliação comparativa das categorias. Trata-se de jogo de cartas com atitudes positivas (cartas verdes) e negativas (vermelhas) e um dado com as cores verde evermelho. O objetivo é a reflexão das atitudes e ganha quem teve mais atitudes positivas. A cada leitura das cartas, os participantes faziam autoavaliação de suas atitudes e se orgulhavam de alguma tarefa que faziam corretamente. Após a aplicação do jogo identificou-se categorias: Empoderamento, Conhecimento, Superação, Ocupação. Conclusão: Promoveu-se reflexão do paciente no seu tratamento, firma-se resultante a promoção á saúde, bem como tributos que levam a uma melhora na autopercepção de saúde desses idosos em tratamento hemodialítico.
Hook Plate Fixation for Isolated Greater Tuberosity Fractures of the Humerus
Authors: Lee Kyoung Rak , Bae Ki Cheor , Yon Chang Jin , Cho Chul Hyun
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to investigate the outcomes after fixation using a 3.5-mm locking compression plate (LCP) hook plate for isolated greater tuberosity (GT) fractures of the proximal humerus.METHODS: We evaluated the postoperative radiological and clinical outcomes in nine patients who were followed up at least 1 year with isolated GT fractures. Using the deltopectoral approach, we fixed the displaced GT fragments with a 3.5-mm LCP hook plate (Synthes, West Chester, PA, USA). Depending on the fracture patterns, the hook plate was fixed with or without augmentation using either tension suture or suture anchor fixation.RESULTS: All the patient showed successful bone union. The mean time-to-union was 11 weeks. The radiological and clinical outcomes at the final follow-up were generally satisfactory. The mean visual analogue scale for pain, the University of California at Los Angeles score, the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, and the subjective shoulder value were 1.4, 30.3, 84.3, and 82.2%, respectively. The mean active forward flexion, abduction, external rotation, and internal rotation of the shoulder were 156.7°, 152.2°, 61.1°, and the 10th thoracic vertebral level, respectively. Only one patient presented with a postoperative complication of shoulder stiffness. The patient was treated through arthroscopic capsular release on the 5th postoperative month.CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that fixation using 3.5-mm LCP hook plates for isolated GT fractures of the proximal humerus is a useful treatment method that provides satisfactory clinical and radiological outcomes.
Short-term Comparison of Supervised Rehabilitation and Home-based Rehabilitation for Earlier Recovery of Shoulder Motion, Pain, and Function after Rotator Cuff Repair
Authors: Song Si Jung , Jeong Tae Ho , Moon Jung Wha , Park Han Vit , Lee Si Yung , Koh Kyoung Hwan
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: This study was undertaken to compare the outcome of supervised and home exercises with respect to range of motion (ROM), pain, and Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE). We further correlated the ROM recovery and pain reduction as well.METHODS: The study included 49 patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Rehabilitation was initiated after 4 weeks of immobilization. A total of 29 patients performed supervised exercise 3 times a week. Standardized education and brochures for review were provided to the remaining 20 patients who insisted on home rehabilitation. Statistical analysis was performed for comparing pain Numerical Rating Scale (NRS), SANE, and ROM. In addition, we also evaluated the correlation between pain and ROM.RESULTS: Comparison of the two groups revealed no significant differences in forward flexion, internal rotation, abduction, and pain NRS. However, SANE at the 9th week (63.8 vs. 55.0, p=0.038) and improvement of external rotation from the 5th to the 9th week (17.6 vs. 9.3, p=0.018) were significantly higher in the supervised exercise group as compared to the home exercise group. Correlation of pain NRS with forward flexion, external rotation, internal rotation and abduction were statistically not significant (correlation coefficient=0.032 [p=0.828], ?0.255 [p=0.077], 0.068 [p=0.642], and ?0.188 [p=0.196], respectively).CONCLUSIONS: The supervised rehabilitation after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair showed better improvement in external rotation and higher SANE score after 4 weeks of rehabilitation exercise. However, no statistically significant correlation was observed between the recovery of ROM and short-term pain relief.
Corrigendum: Inflammatory Cytokine Expressions of the Subacromial Bursitis and Glenohumeral Joint Synovitis in the Patients with Full Thickness Rotator Cuff Tear
Authors: Kim Sung Kyu , Kim Hyung Nam , Moon Eun Sun , Lim Keun Young , Cho Nam Young , Kim Myung Sun
Published: February 2020

This correction is being published to correct the order of the first and second authors' names in the above article.
Hemiarthroplasty for Distal Humerus Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis for Functional Outcome
Authors: Kwak Jae Man , Kholinne Erica , Sun Yucheng , Lee Gwan Bum , Koh Kyoung Hwan , Chun Jae Myeung , Jeon In Ho
Published: February 2020

BACKGROUND: Treatment of distal humerus fractures in osteoporotic elderly patients is often challenging. For non-reconstructible fractures with open reduction and internal fixation, total elbow arthroplasty (TEA) is an acceptable alternative. However, the relatively high complication rates and lifelong activity restrictions make TEA less ideal for elderly or low-demand patients. Efforts to identify or develop alternate procedures that benefit relatively young, high-demand patients have resulted in increased interest in hemiarthroplasty. This systematic review reports the clinical outcomes of hemiarthroplasty for distal humeral fractures.METHODS: We systematically reviewed the databases of PubMed, Ovid MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library. All English-language studies published before June 2017 were considered for possible inclusion. Search terms included ‘distal humerus fracture’ and ‘hemiarthroplasty’. Studies reporting outcomes (and a minimum of 1 year clinical follow-up) in human subjects after hemiarthroplasty (Latitude system) for distal humeral fractures were assessed for inclusion. Patient demographics, clinical and radiographic outcomes, and complications were recorded, and homogenous outcome measures were analyzed.RESULTS: Nine studies with a total of 115 patients met the inclusion criteria. Among the included studies, the weighted mean follow-up time was 35.4 months. Furthermore, the weighted mean of the postoperative range of motion (107.6° flexion-extension, 157.5° for pronation-supination) and functional outcomes (Mayo elbow performance scores: 85.8, Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand score: 19.6) were within the acceptable range.CONCLUSIONS: Our study indicates that hemiarthroplasty is a viable option for comminuted distal humerus fracture. Satisfactory functional outcomes were observed in most patients.
Arthroscopic Excision of Delayed Diagnosed Intra-articular Osteoid Osteoma of the Elbow: A Case Report
Authors: Park Sam Guk , Shin Duk Seop , Choi Joon Hyuk , Na Ho Dong , Park Jae Woo
Published: February 2020

An intra-articular osteoid osteoma is a very rare cause of elbow pain, and its diagnosis and treatment remain challenging. Delayed diagnosis may lead to arthritic change of the joint. In this study, the authors present the occurrence of intra-articular osteoid osteoma in the right elbow of a 15-year-old male patient who presented with prolonged pain and limited motion owing to delayed diagnosis. After confirming the nidus of osteoid osteoma from radiographic evaluation, the lesion was completely removed arthroscopically. The patient presented a complete relief of symptoms and full range of motion. This is the first domestic report of successful arthroscopic treatment of an intra-articular osteoid osteoma of the elbow.
Corporate Social Responsibility as a Strategy of Developing a Positive Hotel Image and Reputation
Authors: Cwalina Wojciech , Leoniak Krzysztof J.
Published: February 2020

Purpose. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of hotel commitment in ecological and pro-social activities on perception of its image, reputation and interest in its offer, depending on the pro-environmental attitudes of clients. Method. The study involved 150 participants, randomly divided into 3 groups. In each of them, one of the three variants of information on the involvement of a fictitious hotel in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities was presented: pro-environmental vs. pro-social vs. no information. Before studying the information about the hotel, the respondents’ pro-environmental attitudes were evaluated. After reviewing the hotel's offer, the respondents assessed its image, reputation and interest in its offer. Findings. The hotel image, reputation and interest in its offer were more positive when they were engaged in ecological or social activities than when there was no information on the subject. Moreover, pro-environmental attitudes positively correlated with interest in a hotel’s offer regarding ecological involvement, negatively - in the absence of information, and were not associated with it in pro-social activities. Research and conclusions limitations. A relatively small group participated in the study. Moreover, the study does not allow conclusions to be drawn about the hotel's involvement in other areas of CSR. Practical implications. Building a positive image of a hotel and an increase in its reputation may result from the applied CSR activities. A special aspect, here, is the ecological orientation of a hotel, which can be an effective way of attracting customers with such values. Originality. The current lack of Polish empirical research that would verify the effectiveness of Corporate Social Responsibility strategies within the context hotel industry perception. Type of paper. Article presenting findings from empirical research.
Development Potential of Spa Enterprises from the Perspective of Global Trends in Health Tourism
Authors: Rapacz Andrzej , Januszewska Małgorzata
Published: February 2020

Purpose. The identification of current, global trends in health tourism and their confrontation with the development potential of selected Polish spa enterprises. Method. The study was of exploratory nature and used the focus group interview method. Seventeen people participated in the discussion, including the management board representatives of spa enterprises and experts from the health tourism sector. Results. The research allowed to determine the development potential value of spa enterprises and its adaptation capacity to both worldwide competition and trends in the global tourist demand. The rivalry between spa enterprises is focused on the domestic market, neglecting the European and global competition. Only few spa resorts identify global trends in health tourism, perceiving them as a risk factor in enterprise management. Research and conclusions limitations. The study was not based on representative samples, as the number of spa enterprises presenting high potential and importance in tourist traffic management is small and covers 27 entities. The study also used secondary sources describing trends in health tourism, collected at different periods and from the perspective of various criteria, which limits generalisation of the research results. Practical implications. The adaptation of spa enterprises to global trends in health tourism requires collective actions undertaken by enterprises, municipalities and also the spa sector. Originality. The potential of spa enterprises is a relatively rarely discussed research problem, whereas trends in tourism, including health tourism, are much more frequently analysed.In turn, research on the adaptation capacity of spa enterprises to global trends remains poorly developed. Type of study. The article is of an overview of empirical nature. Global trends in health tourism are reviewed, and the presented empirical research confronts the development potential of spa enterprises with the possibilities of spa entities in responding to the identified trends.
Comparative Analysis of Traditional Polling and Profiling Using Big Data Analysis and Geolocalization Data on the Example of Research Among Sports Fans Participating in the 2017 UEFA European Under-21 Championship
Authors: Ryśnik Jakub , Żylak Danuta , Gibas Piotr
Published: February 2020

Purpose. The aim of the paper was multifaceted comparison of two research procedures used to study tourism demand, i.e. classic poll survey and the analysis of smartphone user data using Big Data Analysis (BDA). The aim of the paper was also to review of potential analysis forms that can be performed using data from smartphone users that also contains geolocalization data. Method. The essence of the research study is comparative analysis of two different research methodologies used during the examination of the sports fans of the U21 European Football Championship in Tychy in June 2017. Selected organisational aspects of these studies and the advantages and disadvantages of the research procedures were compared. The study on tourism demand was carried out in two ways. In the first approach, the classic poll method was used in order to survey the tourists at the destination place. The authors conducted a survey with the modified MSSC scale (Motivation Scale for Sport Consumption) on 278 spectators (targeted choice). The results were confronted with the analysis of smartphone users' data (including geolocalization data) using BDA, which was carried out ex-post by an external entity on behalf of AWF Katowice. Findings. The analysis of research procedures brought forward a number of conclusions regarding the advantages and disadvantages of the applied research approaches and allows to estimate the potential of using BDA within the context of tourism demand research. The research analysis gives reasons to revise the classical methodological paradigm on the relatively high costs and difficulties associated with comprehensive research in relation to partial research. There are a number of premises resulting from the smartphoneisation of society, which provide arguments constituting a new paradigm stating that, in the conditions of digitisation of tourist activities, comprehensive research is more and more available and conducting this type of assessment is realistically possible. Research and conclusions limitations. The presented comparative analysis is in fact a case study, which limits the conclusions formulated on its basis. Practical implications. The article may help research teams who plan to or conduct research using data from smartphone users based on BDA, including those who analyse tourist demand research at regional and local levels for public entities. Originality. The novelty of this paper is the attempt to compare research procedures. The work also partially presents the unpublished results of BDA among the fans of the U21 European Football Championships in Tychy in June 2017, which was carried out ex-post by an external entity ordered by AWF Katowice. Type of paper. An article presenting the results of empirical research partly as a case study.
Threshold Research on the Elderly Pedestrian Ratio in Pedestrian Crossing Speed Setting on Signalized Crosswalks in China
Authors: Zhang Huiling
Published: February 2020

Inadequate consideration of the elderly people crossing demand on the signalized intersections would bring great potential safety hazards, especially the speed through the crosswalk. By observing the pedestrian walking speed at three signalized crosswalks and a relatively spacious sidewalk in Chongqing, China, this paper has obtained the walking speed values of 658 elderly people and 1,176 adults at the signalized crosswalks, as well as the walking speed parameters of 868 adults and 422 elderly people on a relatively spacious sidewalk section. Comparing the walking speed of adults walking along the sidewalk section and on signalized crosswalks, the data show that there is no significant difference between these two site speeds. Similarly, when comparing the two site data of the elderly, it is found that their walking speed at the signalized crosswalk is significantly higher than that on the sidewalk section. That is to say, the speed setting for the old people crossing the crosswalk has not been fully considered. Subsequently, taking the elderly’s walking speed as input parameter, establishing the simulation models under different proportions of the elderly and different pedestrian flows, and then gain the walking speed values of the pedestrians with different quantities and different proportion of the elderly pedestrians. With the help of the unknown breakpoint Regression method, under the setting of the elderly pedestrian speed crossing the street, the proportion threshold of the elderly crossing the street at the signalized intersection is obtained. The results show that when the proportion of the elderly is more than 15% of the pedestrians crossing the street, the pedestrian crossing speed value for the signal time is suggested to be 0.97 m/s.
Characterization of a Mn-SOD from the desert beetle Microdera punctipennis and its increased resistance to cold stress in E. coli cells
Authors: Xikeranmu Zilajiguli , Ma Ji , Liu Xiaoning
Published: February 2020

Insects have developed a complex network of enzymatic antioxidant systems for handling reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated during stress. Superoxide dismutases (SODs) play a determinant role in balancing ROS in insect. However, studies devoted to SODs functions in insects under cold stress are limited. In the present study, we attempted to identify and characterize a mitochondrial manganese SOD (mMn-SOD) from the desert beetle Micordera punctipennis (denoted as MpmMn-SOD) and explore its protective effects on bacteria cells under cold stress. MpmMn-SOD is composed of 202 amino acids with conserved domains required for metal ions binding and enzyme activity. RT-qPCR experiments revealed that the expression of MpmMn-SOD was ubiquitous but tissue-specific and was induced by cold stress. An E. coli (BL21) system was applied to study the function of MpmMn-SOD. The MpmMn-SOD gene was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pET-32a to generate a recombinant plasmid pET-32a(MpmMn-SOD). After transformation of the plasmid into E. coli BL21, the fusion protein Trx-His-MpmMn-SOD was overexpressed and identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting. Antioxidant activity assay showed that the death zones of the transformed bacteria BL21 (pET32a-mMn-SOD) were smaller in diameter than the control bacteria BL21 (pET32a). Survival curves under −4 °C showed that BL21 (pET32a-mMn-SOD) had significant enhanced cold resistance compared to BL21 (pET32a). Its SOD activity under −4 °C had a significant negative correlation (r = − 0.995) with superoxide anion O2•− content. Accordingly, under cold stress BL21 (pET32a-mMn-SOD) had lower electric conductivity and malondialdehyde (MDA) content than BL21 (pET32a). Taken together, our results showed that cold stress stimulated the expression of MpmMn-SOD in M. punctipennis. The E. coli cells that overexpress MpmMn-SOD increase their resistance to cold stress by scavenging ROS, and mitigate potential cell damage caused by ROS under cold conditions.
Gynodioecy in the common spindle tree (Euonymus europaeusL.) involves differences in the asymmetry of corolla shapes between sexually differentiated flowers
Authors: Neustupa Jiri
Published: February 2020

Gynodioecy is typically associated with a smaller perianth size in purely pistillate flowers than in hermaphrodite flowers. However, it is unclear whether this size differentiation is associated with any differences in flower shape between the two sexual groups. A geometric morphometric analysis of the symmetry of tetrameric corolla shapes was used in the study ofEuonymus europaeusL., Darwin’s classical system of floral sexual differentiation. I investigated whether there are any shape differences between the female and bisexual flowers, with respect to both purely symmetric variation involving coordinated shape changes of the four petals and asymmetry among petals within flowers. The corolla shapes of the female and bisexual flowers and the variability among flowers within each sexual group were very similar in the purely symmetric components of shape variation. However, the female flowers were significantly more asymmetric with respect to both the lateral and transversal asymmetry of their corolla shapes. This is the first study to apply geometric morphometrics in the analysis of morphological patterns in a sexually differentiated gynodioecious plant system. The results showed that subtle shape differences in corolla asymmetry differ between the sexual groups and indicate diverging developmental or selection signals between the sexes.
Solar Park: The Next Generation Energy Source in Bangladesh
Authors: Liza Zafrin Ahmed , Islam Mohammad Rakibul
Published: February 2020

The continuous depletion of fossil fuel reserves and threats on climate change makes it essential for searching alternative energy sources. Renewable energy can play a vital role in this regard. Solar energy is the most promising renewable energy source available so far. In this paper, the availability of solar energy in Bangladesh and the prospects of solar photovoltaic based power generation are discussed. Analysis for different sources of solar energy is revealed. Especially the current scenario and prospect of Solar Park is investigated. And the result shows that according to the future plan, Solar Park is going to hold the largest share among all the renewable energy sources. According to the Renewable Energy Master Database, the total renewable energy capacity including all categories is about 2.4 GW. Among these, solar park projects are the main contributors in terms of capacity which is 2,110.56 MW.
Multidipping Technique for Fabrication Time Reduction and Performance Improvement of Solution‐Processed Single‐Walled Carbon Nanotube Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Kim Hyeonggyu , Seo Jiseok , Seong Narkhyeon , Lee Seunghwan , Lee Sooyeon , Kim Taehoon , Hong Yongtaek
Published: February 2020

Herein, a simple and effective technique, “multidipping technique,” is implemented to rapidly form random networks of single‐walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) used as a channel material in solution‐processed thin‐film transistors (TFTs). The multidipping process consists of repetition of dipping a substrate into a dispersed semiconducting SWCNT solution and rinsing the substrate between each dipping process. Compared with the conventional dipping method, this technique reduces total deposition time required to form high‐quality SWCNT networks by more than half and simultaneously improves the electrical performances of SWCNT TFTs. These phenomena are also comprehensively analyzed with experiments and microscopic images of the channel region, which well show morphology of the SWCNT networks. It is believed that the low‐temperature process and facile deposition method of SWCNT networks can provide a guideline for high‐throughput fabrication of high‐performance SWCNT TFT arrays in flexible active matrix sensor array and display applications.
A Novel Pt–TiO2 Heterostructure with Oxygen‐Deficient Layer as Bilaterally Enhanced Sonosensitizer for Synergistic Chemo‐Sonodynamic Cancer Therapy
Authors: Liang Shuang , Deng Xiaoran , Xu Guangyao , Xiao Xiao , Wang Meifang , Guo Xiasheng , Ma Ping'an , Cheng Ziyong , Zhang Dong , Lin Jun
Published: February 2020

Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) activated by ultrasound is attractive as a potential alternative to conventional phototriggered therapies owing to the deeper penetration depth and the absence of phototoxicity. Nevertheless, the low quantum yield of nano‐sonosensitizer and the tumor hypoxia remain significant challenges for SDT. Herein, a novel TiO2‐based nano‐sonosensitizer is reported to bilaterally enhance the quantum yield by simultaneous integration of precious metal Pt nanoparticles (NPs) and an oxygen‐deficient layer. Furthermore, the hollow cavity of TiO2 serves as a reservoir to load doxorubicin, an anticancer drug for chemotherapy as well as a molecular sonosensitizer for SDT. The decorated Pt NPs act as nanozymes to catalyze the decomposition of endogenous hydrogen peroxide for the generation of oxygen to alleviate tumor hypoxia, reduce resistance to chemotherapy, and provide sufficient oxygen source for subsequently facilitating SDT‐induced reactive oxygen species production. The high chemo‐sonodynamic synergistic efficacy is systematically demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, it is believed that the novel design and the new finding in the synthesis of Pt–TiO2 heterostructures can be popularized for the preparation and application of the semiconductor‐based nanoplatforms in many fields.
High‐Performance PM0.3 Air Filters Using Self‐Polarized Electret Nanofiber/Nets
Authors: Liu Hui , Zhang Shichao , Liu Lifang , Yu Jianyong , Ding Bin
Published: February 2020

Particulate matter (PM) pollution in air is thought to be an important mortality risk factor globally. Most existing air filters face the extreme challenge of effectively removing PM0.3, which has the most penetration particle size (MPPS) of ≈0.3 µm yet is particularly harmful. Here, an innovative in situ electret electrospinning/netting technique that can manipulate both solution phase separation and crystal phase transition is reported to develop self‐polarized polyvinylidene fluoride nanofiber/net membranes with 2D networks and superior surface adhesion. By combining the true nanoscale diameter (≈21 nm), small pore size (≈0.26 µm), and highly electret surface (6.8 kV potential) of the 2D nanonets, the synergistic effect of sieving and adhesion for MPPS PM0.3 is achieved. Such double capture characteristic enables the high‐efficiency (≈99.998%) capture of PM0.3 while maintaining low air resistance (≈0.1% atmosphere pressure). Moreover, the nanofiber/net filters show integrated properties of superhydrophobicity, desirable transparency (91%), and long‐term stability. The synthesis of such attractive nanomaterials presents a promising attempt toward the development of high‐performance filtration/separation materials for numerous applications.
Defect Passivation via the Incorporation of Tetrapropylammonium Cation Leading to Stability Enhancement in Lead Halide Perovskite
Authors: Krishna Anurag , Akhavan Kazemi Mohammad Ali , Sliwa Michel , Reddy G. N. Manjunatha , Delevoye Laurent , Lafon Olivier , Felten Alexandre , Do Mai Trang , Gottis Sébastien , Sauvage Frédéric
Published: February 2020

Improving the performances of photovoltaic (PV) devices by suppressing nonradiative energy losses through surface defect passivation and enhancing the stability to the level of standard PV represents one critical challenge for perovskite solar cells. Here, reported are the advantages of introducing a tetrapropylammonium (TPA+) cation that combines two key functionalities, namely surface passivation of CH3NH3PbI3 nanocrystals through strong ionic interaction with the surface and bulk passivation via formation of a type I heterostructure that acts as a recombination barrier. As a result, nonencapsulated perovskite devices with only 2 mol% of TPA+ achieve power conversion efficiencies over 18.5% with higher VOC under air mass 1.5G conditions. The devices fabricated retain more than 85% of their initial performances for over 1500 h under ambient conditions (55% RH ± 5%). Furthermore, devices with TPA+ also exhibit excellent operational stability by retaining over 85% of the initial performance after 250 h at maximum power point under 1 sun illumination. The effect of incorporation of TPA+ on the structural and optoelectronic properties is studied by X‐ray diffraction, ultraviolet–visible absorption spectroscopy, ultraviolet photon–electron spectroscopy, time‐resolved photoluminescence, and scanning electron microscopy imaging. Atomic‐level passivation upon addition of TPA+ is elucidated employing 2D solid‐state NMR spectroscopy.
Electronic Structure and Optoelectronic Properties of Bismuth Oxyiodide Robust against Percent‐Level Iodine‐, Oxygen‐, and Bismuth‐Related Surface Defects
Authors: Huq Tahmida N. , Lee Lana C. , Eyre Lissa , Li Weiwei , Jagt Robert A. , Kim Chaewon , Fearn Sarah , Pecunia Vincenzo , Deschler Felix , MacManus‐Driscoll Judith L. , Hoye Robert L. Z.
Published: February 2020

In the search for nontoxic alternatives to lead‐halide perovskites, bismuth oxyiodide (BiOI) has emerged as a promising contender. BiOI is air‐stable for over three months, demonstrates promising early‐stage photovoltaic performance and, importantly, is predicted from calculations to tolerate vacancy and antisite defects. Here, whether BiOI tolerates point defects is experimentally investigated. BiOI thin films are annealed at a low temperature of 100 °C under vacuum (25 Pa absolute pressure). There is a relative reduction in the surface atomic fraction of iodine by over 40%, reduction in the surface bismuth fraction by over 5%, and an increase in the surface oxygen fraction by over 45%. Unexpectedly, the Bi 4f7/2 core level position, Fermi level position, and valence band density of states of BiOI are not significantly changed. Further, the charge‐carrier lifetime, photoluminescence intensity, and the performance of the vacuum‐annealed BiOI films in solar cells remain unchanged. The results show BiOI to be electronically and optoelectronically robust to percent‐level changes in surface composition. However, from photoinduced current transient spectroscopy measurements, it is found that the as‐grown BiOI films have deep traps located ≈0.3 and 0.6 eV from the band edge. These traps limit the charge‐carrier lifetimes of BiOI, and future improvements in the performance of BiOI photovoltaics will need to focus on identifying their origin. Nevertheless, these deep traps are three to four orders of magnitude less concentrated than the surface point defects induced through vacuum annealing. The charge‐carrier lifetimes of the BiOI films are also orders of magnitude longer than if these surface defects were recombination active. This work therefore shows BiOI to be robust against processing conditions that lead to percent‐level iodine‐, bismuth‐, and oxygen‐related surface defects. This will simplify and reduce the cost of fabricating BiOI‐based electronic devices, and stands in contrast to the defect‐sensitivity of traditional covalent semiconductors.
Fabrication of TiO2 Micropatterns on Flexible Substrates by Vacuum‐Ultraviolet Photochemical Treatments
Authors: Wu Cheng‐Tse , Soliman Ahmed I. A. , Tu Yudi , Utsunomiya Toru , Ichii Takashi , Sugimura Hiroyuki
Published: February 2020

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) micropatterns have received great attention for application in photocatalysis, electronics, and optoelectronics. Formation of such micropatterns on polymer substrates is of importance in flexible device fabrication. Vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) oxidative treatment applied on metalorganic precursor gel films serves as a strategy to fabricate metal oxide films on heat‐sensitive substrates such as polymers. Here, 172 nm VUV oxidative treatment through a photomask is used to directly convert the titanium metalorganic precursor films into TiO2 patterns without further heat annealing. In comparison to the commonly used alkoxide‐based precursors, titanium acetylacetonate proves to be an appropriate precursor due to its chemical stability in an ambient environment. With this precursor, clear removal of untreated precursor gels is achieved, resulting in well‐defined amorphous TiO2 micropatterns with a minimum feature of 1 µm and a small edge roughness less than ≈4%. The innovativeness arises from the one‐step VUV photochemical conversion in the whole ambient conditions, which largely reduces complex processes, for example, nitrogen‐filled glovebox or post‐heat treatments. High‐quality amorphous TiO2 micropatterns can be applied to device fabrication of solar cells and memories. This patterning approach highlighting TiO2 can be also extended to other metal oxides, which has great potential in surface and device processing.
Ni‐Rich/Co‐Poor Layered Cathode for Automotive Li‐Ion Batteries: Promises and Challenges
Authors: Wang Xinxin , Ding Yuan‐Li , Deng Ya‐Ping , Chen Zhongwei
Published: February 2020

To pursue a higher energy density (>300 Wh kg−1 at the cell level) and a lower cost (<$125 kWh−1 expected at 2022) of Li‐ion batteries for making electric vehicles (EVs) long range and cost‐competitive with internal combustion engine vehicles, developing Ni‐rich/Co‐poor layered cathode (LiNi1−x−yCoxMnyO2, x+y ≤  0.2) is currently one of the most promising strategies because high Ni content is beneficial to high capacity (>200 mAh g−1) while low Co content is favorable to minimize battery cost. Unfortunately, Ni‐rich cathodes suffer from limited structure stability and electrode/electrolyte interface stability in the charged state, leading to electrode degradation and poor cycling performance. To address these problems, various strategies have been employed such as doping, structural optimization design (e.g., core–shell structure, concentration‐gradient structure, etc.), and surface coating. In this review, five key aspects of Ni‐rich/Co‐poor layered cathode materials are explored: energy density, fast charge capability, service life including cycling life and calendar life, cost and element resources, and safety. This enables a comprehensive analysis of current research advances and challenges from the perspective of both academy and industry to help facilitate practical applications for EVs in the future.
Maternal birth weight is associated with milk epidermal growth factor in Filipino women
Authors: Kuziez Duaa , Harkey Jamie , Burack Sarah , Borja Judith , Quinn Elizabeth A.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Lactational programming, through which milk‐borne bioactives influence both neonatal and long‐term biological development, is well established. However, almost no research has investigated how developmental stimuli during a mother's early life may influence her milk bioactives in adulthood. Here, we investigated the association between maternal birth weight and milk epidermal growth factor (EGF) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF‐R) in later life. We predicted there would be a decrease in both milk EGF and EGF‐R in the milk produced by mothers who were themselves born low birth weight.

Methods

Study participants are from the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey. Mothers (n = 69) were followed longitudinally since birth with prospective data collection. Anthropometrics, health, and dietary recalls were collected with early morning milk samples when mothers were 24 to 25 years of age. Milk samples were analyzed for EGF and its receptor (EGF‐R). Analysis of variance was used to test for differences in milk EGF and EGF‐R between low and average birthweight mothers after adjustment for parity, age, and maternal dietary energy intake.

Results

Mothers who were low birth weight produced milk with significantly less EGF and more EGF‐R which resulted in a lower ratio of EGF to EGF‐R. These associations persisted after adjustment for infant age, maternal adiposity, and dietary energy.

Conclusions

While this is a small sample size, these preliminary findings suggest that maternal early life characteristics, such as birth weight, may be important contributors to variation in milk bioactives. Future work is necessary to understand how variation in maternal early life may influence milk composition in adulthood.
Asymmetric Electrochemical Transformations
Authors: Chang Xihao , Zhang Qinglin , Guo Chang
Published: February 2020

The field of electrochemical synthesis has developed rapidly over the last decade and has provided alternative synthetic methods with the absence of stoichiometric amounts of chemical oxidants or reductants. Although sustainable electrosynthetic procedures have been developed, relatively few examples of highly enantioselective catalytic electrosynthesis have been reported to date. The development of general strategies for electrochemical enantiocontrol has thus proven to be a considerable challenge. This Minireview highlights the current knowledge and recent advances in the synthetic utility of electrochemical transformations for asymmetric synthesis. Specifically, three major types of catalytic enantioselective strategy in electrosynthesis are outlined, including electrochemical activation of chiral catalyst‐bound substrates, asymmetric cascade electrochemical processes, and chemically modified chiral electrodes.
Molecular Weight Control via Cross Metathesis in Photo‐Redox Mediated Ring‐Opening Metathesis Polymerization
Authors: Kensy Victoria K. , Tritt Rachel L. , Haque Farihah M. , Murphy Laura M. , Knorr Daniel B. , Grayson Scott M. , Boydston Andrew J.
Published: February 2020

Photo‐redox mediated ring‐opening metathesis polymerization (photo‐ROMP) is an emerging ROMP technique that uses an organic redox mediator and a vinyl ether initiator, in contrast to metal‐based initiators traditionally used in ROMP. The reversibility of the redox‐mediated initiation and propagation steps enable spatiotemporal control over the polymerization. Herein, we explore a simple, inexpensive means of controlling molecular weight, using alpha olefins as chain transfer agents. This method enables access to low molecular weight oligomers, and molecular weights between 1 and 30 kDa can be targeted simply by altering the stoichiometry of the reaction. This method of molecular weight control was then used to synthesize a functionalized norbornene copolymer in a range of molecular weights for specific materials applications.
Development of Chiral Organosuperbase Catalysts Consisting of Two Different Organobase Functionalities
Authors: Kondoh Azusa , Oishi Masafumi , Tezuka Hikaru , Terada Masahiro
Published: February 2020

In the field of chiral Brønsted base catalysis, a new generation of chiral catalysts has been highly anticipated to overcome the intrinsic limitation of pronucleophiles that are applicable to the enantioselective reactions. Herein, we reveal conceptually new chiral Brønsted base catalysts consisting of two different organobase functionalities, one of which functions as an organosuperbase and the other as the substrate recognition site. Their prominent activity, which stems from the distinctive cooperative function by the two organobases in a single catalyst molecule, was demonstrated in the unprecedented enantioselective direct Mannich‐type reaction of α‐phenylthioacetate as a less acidic pronucleophile. The present achievement would provide a new guiding principle for the design and development of chiral Brønsted base catalysts and significantly broaden the utility of Brønsted base catalysis in asymmetric organic synthesis.
Dynamic performance comparison of two configurations of middle vessel batch distillation column for the separation of ethanol/propanol/butanol mixture
Authors: Narayana Mosangi Satya , Arthanareeswaran Gangasalam , Sankar Rao Chinta
Published: February 2020

This paper deals with Aspen Plus and Aspen Dynamics of the middle vessel batch distillation for the separation of mixtures of ethanol/propanol/butanol. Two configurations of middle vessel batch distillation have been considered, namely, the conventional middle vessel batch distillation (Configuration 1) and the modified middle vessel batch distillation column (Configuration 2). Steady‐state simulations have been performed in Aspen Plus and exported to Aspen Dynamics for dynamic simulation. Dynamic studies show that Configuration 1 requires less time than Configuration 2 to obtain more than 95% of the compositions of ethanol, propanol, and butanol. The efficacy of the two controllers is assessed by the performance indices of integral of square error, integral of absolute error, and integral of time‐weighted absolute error. Configuration 1 is found to have better performance than Configuration 2.
Kinetic study on the synergistic effect between molecular weight and phosphorus content of flame retardant copolyesters in solid‐state polymerization
Authors: Ji Hong , Gan Yu , Kumi Alex Kwasi , Chen Kang , Zhang Yang , Zhang Yue , Zhang Yumei , Wang Huaping
Published: February 2020

2‐Carboxyethyl(phenyl phosphinic) acid has been proved to modify flame retardant properties of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) through copolymerization; however, there is no industrial technological breakthroughs in polyester industrial yarns which requires high strength and modulus, because it is related to the coordinated control of molecular weight and flame retardancy. In this work, the influence of solid‐state polymerization reaction kinetics and parameters on flame retardancy retention have been investigated, based on the prepared precursors optimized at 6,000 ppm phosphorus content and 0.64 dL/g intrinsic viscosity (I.V). Results showed that the copolyester polydispersity index increase was significant compared to PET with molecular weight increase. The I.V of optimized precursor could be increased to 1.31 dL/g at 220°C in 20 hr, but at higher phosphorus content loses up to 7%. Flame retardant component deteriorates with increasing reaction rate and temperature as a result of severe side reactions. Optimized precursor at the optimum temperature (210°C) reacted for 20 hr, copolyester with the phosphorus content of 5,910 ppm and the I.V of 1.12 dL/g (( was about 3.5 × 104 g/mol) was prepared. The coordination between high molecular weight and flame retardant performance was realized.
A fishing expedition to discover the pollinators of several subtropical Apocynaceae
Authors: Koptur Suzanne , Barrios Beyte , Valdes Imeña , Nusrat Maha
Published: February 2020

Premise

Flowers of the Apocynaceae (milkweed family) have complex structures and pollination mechanisms. Pollen removal and deposition in Angadenia, Pentalinon, and Echites are similar, with anthers releasing pollen onto the sterile style head. The mid‐style head excretes a glue that coats the mouthparts of vistors to aid in the transfer of pollen. Subsequent probes may deposit pollen on the receptive stigmatic surface on the lowest part of the style head, with fertilization resulting after pollination by compatible pollen.

Methods

By employing fishing line of different diameters, which reflected the diameters of the mouthparts of the different insect visitors, we determined the widths best able to remove and deposit pollen, thereby revealing which of the visitors could be effective pollinators, and which may be only nectar robbers.

Results

We previously found that mouthpart (proboscis) width is correlated with pollen transfer effectiveness in Angadenia berteroi and confirmed this here in two other species, Pentalinon luteum and Echites umbellatus. Our data allowed the prediction of the most effective pollinators of these two other species.

Discussion

The simulation of flower visitor mouthparts using fishing line can provide useful data for evaluating the potential for effective pollen removal and deposition by different visitors.
Zinc‐catalyzed transformation of diarylphosphoryl azides to diarylphosphate esters and amides
Authors: Ying Jun , Gao Qian , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: February 2020

We have developed a facile and efficient procedure for the synthesis of diarylphosphate esters and amides. Using Zn(acac)2 as the catalyst, the reaction of diarylphosphoryl azides with aliphatic alcohols and phenols through an unusual P−N bond cleavage provided a number of diarylphosphate esters in good yields (22 examples, up to 94%). Additionally, various diarylphosphate amides were obtained from the corresponding amines in excellent yields as well (8 examples, up to 96%).