bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of clonogenic cell survival and DNA damage induced by 188Re and X-rays in rat thyroid cells
Authors: Arlt Jana , Oehme Liane , Freudenberg Robert , Kotzerke Jörg , Runge Roswitha
Published: October 2016

Aim: Ionizing radiation produces DNA lesions among which DNA double strand breaks (DSB) are the most critical events. Radiation of various energy types might differ in their biological effectiveness. Here, we compared cell survival and DNA damage induced by 188Re and X-rays using YH2AX foci as a measure of DSB. The correlation between survival and residual foci was also analyzed. Methods: PCCl3 cells were irradiated with 200 kV X-rays (1.2 Gy/min) or 0.5-25 MBq/ml 188Re (1 h irradiation) achieving doses up to 10 Gy. By blocking of sodium iodide sym- porter (NIS) essentially extracellular activity could be guaranteed. Survival fractions (SF) were detected by colony forming assay. Initial and residual YH2AX foci (15 min and 24 h after irradiation) were assessed by immunos- taining. The relationship between SF and residual radiation induced YH2AX foci (RIF) was evaluated by Spearman and Pearson correlation tests. Results: We did not find significant differences between the survival curves in terms of the radiation quality. The D37 values were 4.6 Gy and 4.2 Gy for 188Re or X-ray, respectively. The initial foci numbers were in the same range for 188Re and X-ray, but higher levels of residual foci persisted after X-rays in comparison to 188Re (1 GyX-ray 6.5 ± 0.2; 1 GyRe-188 4.8 ± 0.2 RIF). Accordingly, for 188Re a higher extent of DSB repair was found. The Spearman test revealed a significant (p < 0.01) correlation between SF and residual RIF for both radiation modalities. Conclusion: No differences in terms of radiation were found for SF and initial foci. However, residual foci were lower for 188Re than for X-rays. A prediction of SF by residual foci should consider the properties of the radiation qualities that influence foci removal and DSB repair.
Person-generated Data in Self-quantification
Authors: Martin-Sanchez Fernando J. , Lopez-Campos Guillermo H. , Almalki Manal , Merolli Mark , Gray Kathleen
Published: October 2016

Objectives: The availability of internet-connected mobile, wearable and ambient consumer technologies, direct-to-consumer e-services and peer-to-peer social media sites far outstrips evidence about the efficiency, effectiveness and efficacy of using them in healthcare applications. The aim of this paper is to describe one approach to build a program of health informatics research, so as to generate rich and robust evidence about health data and information processing in self-quantification and associated healthcare and health outcomes.

Methods: The paper summarises relevant health informatics research approaches in the literature and presents an example of developing a program of research in the Health and Biomedical Informatics Centre (HaBIC) at the University of Melbourne. The paper describes this program in terms of research infrastructure, conceptual models, research design, research reporting and knowledge sharing.

Results: The paper identifies key outcomes from integrative and multiple-angle approaches to investigating the management of information and data generated by use of this Centre’s collection of wearable, mobiles and other devices in health self-monitoring experiments. These research results offer lessons for consumers, developers, clinical practitioners and biomedical and health informatics researchers.

Conclusions: Health informatics is increasingly called upon to make sense of emerging self-quantification and other digital health phenomena that are well beyond the conventions of healthcare in which the field of informatics originated and consolidated. To make a substantial contribution to optimise the aims, processes and outcomes of health self-quantification needs further work at scale in multi-centre collaborations for this Centre and for health informatics researchers generally.
Technology in Rehabilitation: Evaluating the Single Leg Squat Exercise with Wearable Inertial Measurement Units
Authors: Ward Tomás E. , Delahunt Eamonn , Caulfield Brian , Whelan Darragh F. , O'Reilly Martin A.
Published: October 2016

Background: The single leg squat (SLS) is a common lower limb rehabilitation exercise. It is also frequently used as an evaluative exercise to screen for an increased risk of lower limb injury. To date athlete/patient SLS technique has been assessed using expensive laboratory equipment or subjective clinical judgement; both of which are not without shortcomings. Inertial measurement units (IMUs) may offer a low cost solution for the objective evaluation of athlete/patient SLS technique.

Objectives: The aims of this study were to determine if in combination or in isolation IMUs positioned on the lumbar spine, thigh and shank are capable of: (a) distinguishing between acceptable and aberrant SLS technique; (b) identifying specific deviations from acceptable SLS technique.

Methods: Eighty-three healthy volunteers participated (60 males, 23 females, age: 24.68 +/− 4.91 years, height: 1.75 +/− 0.09 m, body mass: 76.01 +/− 13.29 kg). All participants performed 10 SLSs on their left leg. IMUs were positioned on participants’ lumbar spine, left shank and left thigh. These were utilized to record tri-axial accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer data during all repetitions of the SLS. SLS technique was labelled by a Chartered Physiotherapist using an evaluation framework. Features were extracted from the labelled sensor data. These features were used to train and evaluate a variety of random-forests classifiers that assessed SLS technique.

Results: A three IMU system was moderately successful in detecting the overall quality of SLS performance (77% accuracy, 77% sensitivity and 78% specificity). A single IMU worn on the shank can complete the same analysis with 76% accuracy, 75% sensitivity and 76% specificity. Single sensors also produce competitive classification scores relative to multi-sensor systems in identifying specific deviations from acceptable SLS technique.

Conclusions: A single IMU positioned on the shank can differentiate between acceptable and aberrant SLS technique with moderate levels of accuracy. It can also capably identify specific deviations from optimal SLS performance. IMUs may offer a low cost solution for the objective evaluation of SLS performance. Additionally, the classifiers described may provide useful input to an exercise biofeed-back application.
Cross-Comparison of Cancer Drug Approvals at Three International Regulatory Agencies
Authors: Samuel N. , Verma S.
Published: October 2016

Background: The primary objective of the present study was to examine the drug approval process and the time to approval (TTA) for cancer drugs by 3 major international regulatory bodies—Health Canada, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), and the European Medicines Agency (EMA)—and to explore differences in the drug approval processes that might contribute to any disparities. Methods: The publicly available Health Canada Drug Product Database was surveyed for all marketed antineoplastic agents approved between 1 January 2005 and 1 June 2013. For the resulting set of cancer drugs, public records of sponsor submission and approval dates by Health Canada, the FDA, and the EMA were obtained. Results: Overall, the TTA for the 37 antineoplastic agents that met the study criteria was significantly less for the FDA than for the EMA (X̄ = 6.7 months, p < 0.001) or for Health Canada (X̄ = 6.4 months, p < 0.001). The TTA was not significantly different for Health Canada and the EMA (X̄ = 0.65 months, p = 0.89). An analysis of the review processes demonstrated that the primary reason for the identified discrepancies in TTA was the disparate use of accelerated approval mechanisms. Summary: In the present study, we systematically compared cancer drug approvals at 3 international regulatory bodies. The differences in TTA reflect several important considerations in the regulatory framework of cancer drug approvals. Those findings warrant an enhanced dialogue between clinicians and government agencies to understand opportunities and challenges in the current approval processes and to work toward balancing drug safety with timely access.
Patterns of Practice with Third-Line Anti-EGFR Antibody for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Ho M.Y. , Renouf D.J. , Cheung W.Y. , Lim H.J. , Speers C.H. , Zhou C. , Kennecke H.F.
Published: October 2016

Background: Therapy with anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) monoclonal antibody improves outcomes for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (MCRC) in the first-, second-, and third-line trial settings. In British Columbia, the use of EGFR inhibitors (EGFRIS) is confined to third-line therapy, which might lower the proportion of patients who receive this therapy. The objective of the present study was to describe EGFRI treatment patterns when those agents are limited to the third-line setting. The results will inform decisions about optimal use of EGFRI agents, including earlier in the course of therapy for metastatic disease. Methods: All patients with newly diagnosed mcrc who were referred to BC Cancer Agency clinics in 2009 were included in the study. Prognostic and treatment information was prospectively collected; KRAS test results were determined by chart review. Results: The study included 443 patients with a median age of 66 years. For the 321 patients who received systemic therapy, median survival was 22.3 months. Of the 117 patients who were treated with 5-fluorouracil, oxaliplatin, and irinotecan, and who were potentially eligible for egfri therapy, 90% (105 patients) were tested for KRAS status. Of the 60 patients with KRAS wild-type tumours, 82% (49 patients) received egfri therapy. Conclusions: When EGFRI therapy is limited to the third-line setting, only a small proportion of patients receive such therapy, with death and poor performance status preventing its use in the rest. Availability of EGFRI in earlier lines of therapy could increase the proportion of patients treated with all active systemic agents.
Association between Basal-Like Phenotype and BRCA1/2 Germline Mutations in Korean Breast Cancer Patients
Authors: Jung J. , Kang E. , Gwak J.M. , Seo A.N. , Park S.Y. , Lee A.S. , Baek H. , Chae S. , Kim E.K. , Kim S.W.
Published: October 2016

Introduction: BRCA mutation testing allows index patients and their families to be provided with appropriate cancer risk-reduction strategies. Because of the low prevalence of BRCA mutations in unselected breast cancer patients and the high cost of genetic testing, it is important to identify the subset of women who are likely to carry BRCA mutations. In the present study, we examined the association between BRCA1/2 germline mutations and the immunohistochemical features of breast cancer. Methods: In a retrospective review of 498 breast cancer patients who had undergone BRCA testing at Seoul National University Bundang Hospital between July 2003 and September 2012, we gathered immunohistochemical information on estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), HER2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2), cytokeratin 5/6, EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor), and p53 status. Results: Among the 411 patients eligible for the study, 50 (12.2%) had germline mutations in BRCA1 or BRCA2. Of the 93 patients with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), 25 with BRCA1/2 mutations were identified (BRCA1, 20.4%; BRCA2, 6.5%). On univariate analysis, ER, PR, cytokeratin 5/6, EGFR, and TNBC were found to be related to BRCA1 mutations, but on multivariate analysis, only TNBC was significantly associated with BRCA1 mutations. Among patients with early-onset breast cancer or with a family history of breast or ovarian cancer, BRCA1 mutations were significantly more prevalent in the tnbc group than in the non-TNBC group. Conclusions: In the present study, TNBC was the only independent predictor of BRCA1 mutation in patients at high risk of hereditary breast and ovarian cancers. Other histologic features of basal-like breast cancer did not improve the estimate of BRCA1 mutation risk.
Progression Pattern and Adverse Events with Bevacizumab in Glioblastoma
Authors: Mamo A. , Baig A. , Azam M. , Rho Y.S. , Sahebjam S. , Muanza T. , Owen S. , Petrecca K. , Guiot M.C. , Al-Shami J. , Sharma R. , Kavan P.
Published: October 2016

Background: The use of bevacizumab in the management of glioblastoma multiforme (gbm) remains controversial. In Canada, bevacizumab is approved for the treatment of recurrent gbm. We describe a pattern of progression across treatment lines in gbm. Methods: During 2008–2014, 64 patients diagnosed with gbm were treated with bevacizumab at McGill University hospitals. Of those patients, 30 (46.9%) received bevacizumab in the first line (B1L), and 34 (53.1%) received it in the second line and beyond (B2L+). The average length of treatment with bevacizumab was 24.4 weeks (range: 0–232.7 weeks). The patterns of progression were categorized as local, distant, diffuse, multifocal, or multi-pattern. Results: Local progression was seen in 46.7% of B1L patients and 26.5% of B2L+ patients, distant in 3.3% and 2.9%, diffuse in 20% and 47%, multifocal in 10% and 8.8%, and multi-pattern in 3.3% and 11.8%. No differences between the groups were observed for the distant (p = 0.3) or diffuse (p = 0.4) patterns. Grades 3 and 4 adverse events in the B1L and B2L+ groups were fatigue (33.3% vs. 17.6% respectively), hypertension (26.7% vs. 5.9%), thrombocytopenia (26.7% vs. 11.8%), neutropenia (26.7% vs. 11.8%), anemia (23.3% vs. 11.8%), leucopenia (20% vs. 8.8%), deep vein thrombosis (23.3% vs. 5.9%), seizure (16.7% vs. 8.8%), brain hemorrhage (6.7% vs. <1%), and delayed wound healing (6.7% vs. 2.9%). More total grades 3 and 4 adverse events occurred in the B1L group (p = 0.000519). Conclusions: In our cohort, patterns of progression were not different in B1L and B2L+ patients. Moreover, both groups experienced similar adverse events, although more grades 3 and 4 events occurred in the B1L group, implying that severe adverse events in B1L patients could negatively affect survival outcomes.
Painless Neutropenic Enterocolitis in a Patient Undergoing Chemotherapy
Authors: Chow E.J. , Bishop K.D.
Published: October 2016

Case Description: A 60-year-old man developed painless neutropenic enterocolitis after induction chemotherapy for newly diagnosed acute myelogenous leukemia. The patient had recurrent fever while neutropenic, without experiencing abdominal pain or tenderness on physical examination. His diagnosis was delayed by the fact that he had no localizing symptoms. Discussion: Neutropenic enterocolitis is a common complication, generally occurring in patients who are severely neutropenic; the condition presents with fever and abdominal pain. No cases of painless neutropenic enterocolitis have yet been reported. Review of the literature shows that patients can develop this condition in the absence of fever and, sometimes, neutropenia. Furthermore, few comprehensive studies or reviews have investigated the utility of computed tomography imaging in identifying a source for abdominal pain in neutropenic patients with fever. Many potential causes of febrile neutropenia should be considered in chemotherapy patients.
The Cost-Effectiveness of Bevacizumab for the Treatment of Advanced Ovarian Cancer in Canada
Authors: Duong M. , Wright E. , Yin L. , Martin-Nunez I. , Ghatage P. , Fung-Kee-Fung M.
Published: October 2016

Background: The overall survival (OS) analysis of the icon7 trial demonstrated that frontline ovarian cancer patients with a high risk of progression (stage III suboptimally debulked, and stage III or IV with unresectable disease) benefited from the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy compared with standard chemotherapy alone. The objective of the present study was to investigate the cost-effectiveness, from a Canadian publicly funded perspective, of adding bevacizumab to frontline treatment of ovarian cancer at high risk of progression. Methods: An area-under-the-curve, Markov-structured model was used to estimate the cost-effectiveness of the treatments. Long-term progression-free survival (PFS) and os were extracted from the icon7 trial (subgroup at high risk of relapse) and extrapolated by parametric time-to-event functions over a time horizon of 10 years. Canadian PFS health state utility values were obtained from the EQ-5D (EuroQoL Group, Rotterdam, Netherlands) questionnaires in the icon7 high-risk patient population. Canadian post-progression utility values were consistent with those for other gynecologic cancers. Cost inputs were informed by public sources. An annual 5% efficacy and cost discount rate was applied. A probabilistic sensitivity analysis and one-way sensitivity analyses were conducted. Results: Ovarian cancer patients at high risk of progression receiving bevacizumab plus standard chemotherapy experienced a mean incremental quality-adjusted life year (QALY) gain of 0.374 years. At an additional cost of $35,901.54, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for the addition of bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy, relative to standard chemotherapy alone, was $95,942 per QALY. Conclusions: No formal health technology assessment willingness-to-pay threshold exists in Canada. However, at a threshold of $100,000 per QALY, bevacizumab in addition to chemotherapy is a cost-effective alternative for ovarian cancer patients who are at high risk of progression (stage III suboptimally debulked, and stage III or IV with unresectable disease). Using the $100,000 per qaly threshold in a probabilistic sensitivity analysis, it was determined that, compared with standard chemotherapy, the addition of bevacizumab to chemotherapy is cost-effective in 56% of tested scenarios.
Adult-Onset Kaposiform Hemangioendothelioma of the Tongue: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vashi P. , Abboud E. , Bier-Laning C. , Gupta D.
Published: October 2016

We present here a very rare clinical case of a 38-year-old man with Kaposiform hemangioendothelioma (KHE) of the tongue who presented to our institution with a growth under the left side of the tongue with no pain or discomfort. There were no enlarged lymph nodes and no significant neurologic findings. Diagnostic histopathology confirmed the lesion to be KHE. The tumour was removed surgically, and the surgical specimen confirmed the diagnosis. Follow-up at 3 months shows no clinical evidence of recurrence.
Localized surface plasmons in structures with linear Au nanoantennas on a SiO2/Si surface
Authors: Milekhin Ilya A , Kuznetsov Sergei A , Rodyakina Ekaterina E , Milekhin Alexander G , Latyshev Alexander V , Zahn Dietrich R T
Published: October 2016

The study of infrared absorption by linear gold nanoantennas fabricated on a Si surface with underlying SiO2 layers of various thicknesses allowed the penetration depth of localized surface plasmons into SiO2 to be determined. The value of the penetration depth derived experimentally (20 ± 10 nm) corresponds to that obtained from electromagnetic simulations (12.9–30.0 nm). Coupling between plasmonic excitations of gold nanoantennas and optical phonons in SiO2 leads to the appearance of new plasmon–phonon modes observed in the infrared transmission spectra the frequencies of which are well predicted by the simulations.
Merging process of U-turns at uncontrolled median openings under mixed traffic conditions
Authors: Sil Gourab , Mohapatra Smruti Sourava , Dey Partha Pratim , Chandra Satish
Published: October 2016

Merging process of U-turns at uncontrolled median openings under mixed traffic conditions
THE SOLAR NEIGHBORHOOD. XXXVII. THE MASS–LUMINOSITY RELATION FOR MAIN-SEQUENCE M DWARFS*
Authors: Benedict G. F. , Henry T. J. , Franz O. G. , McArthur B. E. , Wasserman L. H. , Jao Wei-Chun , Cargile P. A. , Dieterich S. B. , Bradley A. J. , Nelan E. P. , Whipple A. L.
Published: October 2016

We present a mass–luminosity relation (MLR) for red dwarfs spanning a range of masses from 0.62

to the end of the stellar main sequence at 0.08

. The relation is based on 47 stars for which dynamical masses have been determined, primarily using astrometric data from Fine Guidance Sensors (FGS) 3 and 1r, white-light interferometers on the Hubble Space Telescope (HST), and radial velocity data from McDonald Observatory. For our HST/FGS sample of 15 binaries, component mass errors range from 0.4% to 4.0% with a median error of 1.8%. With these and masses from other sources, we construct a V-band MLR for the lower main sequence with 47 stars and a K-band MLR with 45 stars with fit residuals half of those of the V band. We use GJ 831 AB as an example, obtaining an absolute trigonometric parallax, π
abs = 125.3 ± 0.3 mas, with orbital elements yielding

and

. The mass precision rivals that derived for eclipsing binaries. A remaining major task is the interpretation of the intrinsic cosmic scatter in the observed MLR for low-mass stars in terms of physical effects. In the meantime, useful mass values can be estimated from the MLR for the ubiquitous red dwarfs that account for 75% of all stars, with applications ranging from the characterization of exoplanet host stars to the contribution of red dwarfs to the mass of the universe.
FROM NEUTRON STAR OBSERVABLES TO THE EQUATION OF STATE. I. AN OPTIMAL PARAMETRIZATION
Authors: Raithel Carolyn A. , Özel Feryal , Psaltis Dimitrios
Published: October 2016

The increasing number and precision of measurements of neutron star masses, radii, and, in the near future, moments of inertia offer the possibility of precisely determining the neutron star equation of state (EOS). One way to facilitate the mapping of observables to the EOS is through a parametrization of the latter. We present here a generic method for optimizing the parametrization of any physically allowed EOS. We use mock EOS that incorporate physically diverse and extreme behavior to test how well our parametrization reproduces the global properties of the stars, by minimizing the errors in the observables of mass, radius, and the moment of inertia. We find that using piecewise polytropes and sampling the EOS with five fiducial densities between ∼1–8 times the nuclear saturation density results in optimal errors for the smallest number of parameters. Specifically, it recreates the radii of the assumed EOS to within less than 0.5 km for the extreme mock EOS and to within less than 0.12 km for 95% of a sample of 42 proposed, physically motivated EOS. Such a parametrization is also able to reproduce the maximum mass to within 0.04

and the moment of inertia of a 1.338

neutron star to within less than 10% for 95% of the proposed sample of EOS.
THE BLOB CONNECTION: SEARCHING FOR LOW CORONAL SIGNATURES OF SOLAR POST-CME BLOBS
Authors: Schanche Nicole E , Reeves Katharine K , Webb David F.
Published: October 2016

Bright linear structures, thought to be indicators of a current sheet (CS), are often seen in Large Angle and Spectrometric Coronagraph (LASCO) on the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) white-light data in the wake of coronal mass ejections (CMEs). In a subset of these post-CME structures, relatively bright blobs are seen moving outward along the rays. These blobs have been interpreted as consequences of the plasmoid instability in the CS, and can help us to understand the dynamics of the reconnection. We examine several instances, taken largely from the SOHO/LASCO CME-rays Catalog, where these blobs are clearly visible in white-light data. Using radially filtered, difference, wavelet enhanced, and multiscale Gaussian normalized images to visually inspect Solar Dynamics Observatory/Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) data in multiple wavelengths, we look for signatures of material that correspond both temporally and spatially to the later appearance of the blobs in LASCO/C2. Constraints from measurements of the blobs allow us to predict the expected count rates in DN pixel−1 s−1 for each AIA channel. The resulting values would make the blobs bright enough to be detectable at 1.2 R
⊙. However, we do not see conclusive evidence for corresponding blobs in the AIA data in any of the events. We do the same calculation for the “cartwheel CME,” an event in which blobs were seen in X-rays, and find that our estimated count rates are close to those observed. We suggest several possibilities for the absence of the EUV blobs including the formation of the blob higher than the AIA field of view, blob coalescence, and overestimation of blob densities.
FROM EXOPLANETS TO QUASARS: DETECTION OF POTENTIAL DAMPED Lyα ABSORBING GALAXIES USING ANGULAR DIFFERENTIAL IMAGING
Authors: Johnson-Groh Mara , Marois Christian , Ellison Sara L.
Published: October 2016

The advantages of angular differential imaging (ADI) have been previously untested in imaging the host galaxies of damped Lyα (DLA) systems. In this pilot study, we present the first application of ADI to directly image the host galaxy of the DLA seen toward the quasar J1431+3952. K-band imaging of the field surrounding J1431+3952 was obtained on the Gemini North telescope with an adaptive optics system and a laser guide star. We computed a sensitivity curve that demonstrates the sensitivity of our observations as a function of K-band magnitude, impact parameter and DLA angular size. For an impact parameter of 0.″5 (3.4 kpc at the redshift of the absorber) our mass sensitivity is log (M

/M

9.2 and drops to ∼9.0 at separations beyond ∼6 kpc for the smallest size model galaxy. Three candidate galaxies are identified within 5″. Stellar masses were computed from the K-band photometry yielding values of log (M

/M

9.9, 9.7 and 11.1 respectively. The likely identification of the absorbing galaxy is discussed, and we conclude that the galaxy with the largest impact parameter and highest stellar mass is unlikely to be the host, based on its inconsistency with the N(HI) impact parameter relation and inconsistent photometric redshift. While we cannot distinguish between the remaining two candidates as the DLA host, we note that, despite the low spin temperature and relatively high metallicity of the DLA, the host does not appear to be a particularly luminous (high-mass) galaxy.
HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRON IRRADIATION OF INTERSTELLAR CARBONACEOUS DUST ANALOGS: COSMIC-RAY EFFECTS ON THE CARRIERS OF THE 3.4 μm ABSORPTION BAND
Authors: Maté Belén , Molpeceres Germán , Jiménez-Redondo Miguel , Tanarro Isabel , Herrero Víctor J.
Published: October 2016

The effects of cosmic rays on the carriers of the interstellar 3.4 μm absorption band have been investigated in the laboratory. This band is attributed to stretching vibrations of CH3 and CH2 in carbonaceous dust. It is widely observed in the diffuse interstellar medium, but disappears in dense clouds. Destruction of CH3 and CH2 by cosmic rays could become relevant in dense clouds, shielded from the external ultraviolet field. For the simulations, samples of hydrogenated amorphous carbon (a-C:H) have been irradiated with 5 keV electrons. The decay of the band intensity versus electron fluence reflects a-C:H dehydrogenation, which is well described by a model assuming that H2 molecules, formed by the recombination of H atoms liberated through CH bond breaking, diffuse out of the sample. The CH bond destruction rates derived from the present experiments are in good accordance with those from previous ion irradiation experiments of HAC. The experimental simplicity of electron bombardment has allowed the use of higher-energy doses than in the ion experiments. The effects of cosmic rays on the aliphatic components of cosmic dust are found to be small. The estimated cosmic-ray destruction times for the 3.4 μm band carriers lie in the 108 yr range and cannot account for the disappearance of this band in dense clouds, which have characteristic lifetimes of 3 × 107 yr. The results invite a more detailed investigation of the mechanisms of CH bond formation and breaking in the intermediate region between diffuse and dense clouds.
THE FORMATION OF A MILKY WAY-SIZED DISK GALAXY. I. A COMPARISON OF NUMERICAL METHODS
Authors: Zhu Qirong , Li Yuexing
Published: October 2016

The long-standing challenge of creating a Milky Way- (MW-) like disk galaxy from cosmological simulations has motivated significant developments in both numerical methods and physical models. We investigate these two fundamental aspects in a new comparison project using a set of cosmological hydrodynamic simulations of an MW-sized galaxy. In this study, we focus on the comparison of two particle-based hydrodynamics methods: an improved smoothed particle hydrodynamics (SPH) code Gadget, and a Lagrangian Meshless Finite-Mass (MFM) code Gizmo. All the simulations in this paper use the same initial conditions and physical models, which include star formation, “energy-driven” outflows, metal-dependent cooling, stellar evolution, and metal enrichment. We find that both numerical schemes produce a late-type galaxy with extended gaseous and stellar disks. However, notable differences are present in a wide range of galaxy properties and their evolution, including star-formation history, gas content, disk structure, and kinematics. Compared to Gizmo, the Gadget simulation produced a larger fraction of cold, dense gas at high redshift which fuels rapid star formation and results in a higher stellar mass by 20% and a lower gas fraction by 10% at z = 0, and the resulting gas disk is smoother and more coherent in rotation due to damping of turbulent motion by the numerical viscosity in SPH, in contrast to the Gizmo simulation, which shows a more prominent spiral structure. Given its better convergence properties and lower computational cost, we argue that the MFM method is a promising alternative to SPH in cosmological hydrodynamic simulations.
A COMPREHENSIVE STUDY OF HYDROGEN ADSORBING TO AMORPHOUS WATER ICE: DEFINING ADSORPTION IN CLASSICAL MOLECULAR DYNAMICS
Authors: Dupuy John L. , Lewis Steven P. , Stancil P. C.
Published: October 2016

Gas–grain and gas–phase reactions dominate the formation of molecules in the interstellar medium (ISM). Gas–grain reactions require a substrate (e.g., a dust or ice grain) on which the reaction is able to occur. The formation of molecular hydrogen (H2) in the ISM is the prototypical example of a gas–grain reaction. In these reactions, an atom of hydrogen will strike a surface, stick to it, and diffuse across it. When it encounters another adsorbed hydrogen atom, the two can react to form molecular hydrogen and then be ejected from the surface by the energy released in the reaction. We perform in-depth classical molecular dynamics simulations of hydrogen atoms interacting with an amorphous water-ice surface. This study focuses on the first step in the formation process; the sticking of the hydrogen atom to the substrate. We find that careful attention must be paid in dealing with the ambiguities in defining a sticking event. The technical definition of a sticking event will affect the computed sticking probabilities and coefficients. Here, using our new definition of a sticking event, we report sticking probabilities and sticking coefficients for nine different incident kinetic energies of hydrogen atoms [5–400 K] across seven different temperatures of dust grains [10–70 K]. We find that probabilities and coefficients vary both as a function of grain temperature and incident kinetic energy over the range of 0.99–0.22.
Cyanobacteria of Greece: an annotated checklist
Authors: Gkelis Spyros , Ourailidis Iordanis , Panou Manthos , Pappas Nikos
Published: October 2016

The checklist of Greek Cyanobacteria was created in the framework of the Greek Taxon Information System (GTIS), an initiative of the LifeWatchGreece Research Infrastructure (ESFRI) that has resumed efforts to compile a complete checklist of species reported from Greece. This list was created from exhaustive search of the scientific literature of the last 60 years. All records of taxa known to occur in Greece were taxonomically updated.

The checklist of Greek Cyanobacteria comprises 543 species, classified in 130 genera, 41 families, and 8 orders. The orders Synechococcales and Oscillatoriales have the highest number of species (158 and 153 species, respectively), whereas these two orders along with Nostocales and Chroococcales cover 93% of the known Greek cyanobacteria species. It is worth mentioning that 18 species have been initially described from Greek habitats. The marine epilithic Ammatoidea aegea described from Saronikos Gulf is considered endemic to this area. Our bibliographic review shows that Greece hosts a high diversity of cyanobacteria, suggesting that the Mediterranean area is also a hot spot for microbes.
LifeWatch Greece data-services: Discovering Biodiversity Data using Semantic Web Technologies
Authors: Minadakis Nikos , Marketakis Yannis , Doerr Martin , Bekiari Chryssoula , Papadakos Panagiotis , Gougousis Alexandros , Bailly Nicolas , Arvanitidis Christos
Published: October 2016

Biodiversity data is characterized by its cross-disciplinary character, the extremely broad range of data types and structures, and the variety of semantic concepts that it encompasses. Furthermore there is a plethora of different data sources providing resources for the same piece of information in a heterogeneous way. Even if we restrict our attention to Greek biodiversity domain, it is easy to see that biodiversity data remains unconnected and widely distributed among different sources.

To cope with these issues, in the context of the LifeWatch Greece project, i) we supported cataloguing and publishing of all the relevant metadata information of the Greek biodiversity domain, ii) we integrated data from heterogeneous sources by supporting the definitions of appropriate models, iii) we provided means for efficiently discovering biodiversity data of interest and iv) we enabled the answering of complex queries that could not be answered from the individual sources. This work has been exploited, evaluated and scientificaly confirmed by the biodiversity community through the services provided by the LifeWatch Greece portal.
LifeWatchGreece Portal development: architecture, implementation and challenges for a biodiversity research e-infrastructure
Authors: Gougousis Alexandros , Bailly Nicolas
Published: October 2016

Biodiversity data is characterized by its cross-disciplinary character, the extremely broad range of data types and structures, and the plethora of different data sources providing resources for the same piece of information in a heterogeneous way. Since the web inception two decades ago, there are multiple initiatives to connect, aggregate, share, and publish biodiversity data, and to establish data and work flows in order to analyze them. The European program LifeWatch aims at establishing a distributed network of nodes implementing virtual research environment in Europe to facilitate the work of biodiversity researchers and managers. LifeWatchGreece is one of these nodes where a portal was developed offering access to a suite of virtual laboratories and e-services.

Despite its strict definition in information technology, in practice "portal" is a fairly broad term that embraces many web architectures. In the biodiversity domain, the term "portal" is usually used to indicate either a web site that provides access to a single or an aggregation of data repositories (like: http://indiabiodiversity.org/, http://www.mountainbiodiversity.org/, http://data.freshwaterbiodiversity.eu), a web site that gathers information about various online biodiversity tools (like http://test-eubon.ebd.csic.es/, http://marine.lifewatch.eu/) or a web site that just gathers information and news about the biodiversity domain (like http://chm.moew.government.bg). LifeWatchGreece's portal takes the concept of a portal a step further. In strict IT terms, LifeWatchGreece's portal is partly a portal, partly a platform and partly an aggregator. It includes a number of biodiversity-related web tools integrated into a centrally-controlled software ecosystem. This ecosystem includes subsystems for access control, traffic monitoring, user notifications and web tool management. These subsystems are shared to all the web tools that have been integrated to the portal and thereby are part of this ecosystem. These web tools do not consist in external and completely independent web applications as it happens in most other portals. A quite obvious (to the user) indication of this is the Single-Sign-On (SSO) functionality for all tools and the common user interface wrapper that most of these tools use. Another example of a less obvious functionality is the common user profile that is shared and can be utilized by all tools (e.g user's timezone).
Le bien-être en contexte scolaire : intérêt d’une approche par triangulation méthodologique
Authors: Ferrière Séverine , Bacro Fabien , Florin Agnès , Guimard Philippe
Published: October 2016

L’article propose une revue thématique sur le sujet du bien-être en contexte scolaire afin de montrer l’intérêt d’une méthode par triangulation appliquée à cet objet de recherche. Après un retour théorique sur le traitement scientifique du bien-être et la psychologie positive, et la présentation d’une revue thématique spécifique sur le bien-être en contexte scolaire, une recherche est présentée pour illustrer les principes de la triangulation et l’intérêt de cette méthode. Le croisement des acteurs (élèves et enseignants), des outils de recueil de données (questionnaires standardisés et entretiens) et des analyses (qualitatives et quantitatives) permet en effet de mettre en exergue la portée et la force des résultats concomitants, tout en soulignant la nécessité d’approfondir des résultats parfois peu consistants ou singuliers.
Cruauté sexuelle dans le lit conjugal - Sadisme inconscient des couples ordinaires
Authors: Kahr Brett , Legrand Bernadette
Published: October 2016

La chambre à coucher des couples ordinaires ne relevant aucunement de la justice est souvent le théâtre d’une cruauté qui peut se manifester de manière subtile ou brutale. Mieux appréhender la violence sexuelle implique d’en approfondir les origines et la fonction. Les exemples cliniques montrent jusqu’où peut aller ce type de violence. Celle-ci demeure souvent cachée mais est source de grande souffrance. L’auteur souligne l’interaction des partenaires dans ces passages à l’acte. Il envisage une typologie des sadismes sexuels névrotiques.
Indifférenciation sexuelle conjugale et confusion des rôles parentaux chez des sujets toxicomanes sous substitution
Authors: Guéguen Charlène , Golse Bernard , Missonnier Sylvain
Published: October 2016

Dans la rare littérature dédiée à la dynamique conjugale des sujets toxicomanes, plusieurs particularités sont mises en avant : l’indifférenciation sexuelle, la structure conjugale en triade, mais aussi l’investissement du toxique comme « mythe fondateur » du couple. L’article tend à mettre en évidence, chez des couples sous traitement de substitution, de quelle façon l’accès à la parentalité peut être source de bouleversements intenses, notamment par la réintroduction brutale de la différenciation sexuelle. À partir d’entretiens conjugaux, il a été relevé un vécu corporellement et psychiquement effractant au moment de la naissance du premier enfant. On observe une réorganisation de la dynamique conjugale avec une impossibilité à poursuivre la vie conjugale sur le plan sexuel et une confusion des rôles parentaux.
Sexualité récréative des hommes handicapés moteurs
Authors: Mouget Anne-Cécile
Published: October 2016

À quoi ressemble la sexualité des hommes handicapés moteurs ? Comment gèrent-ils les contraintes imposées par leur corps handicapé ? C’est à travers un ensemble de données (entretiens et données documentaires) que l’article décrit ce qu’ils en disent eux-mêmes. Analyser cette sexualité à partir du concept de « scripts sexuels » permet de comprendre comment l’impossibilité de coller aux normes leur permet de s’en détacher pour construire un répertoire personnel de scripts adaptés à leurs possibilités corporelles et à celles de leurs partenaires. Leur sexualité récréative emprunte à des répertoires variés, dont ceux d’autres groupes minorisés. Elle est marquée par la négociation entre les partenaires de la symbolique des parties du corps ou des pratiques, la souplesse des rôles masculins et féminins, la réciprocité. L’objectif du rapport est souvent la « connexion » entre les partenaires dans un plaisir qui se nourrit du plaisir de l’autre. Non prise en compte dans les recherches habituelles, la sexualité récréative des hommes handicapés moteurs ébranle les normes et montre un potentiel subversif.
Ce qui se joue entre les parents et leur enfant à travers le rituel et l’histoire de la « petite souris »
Authors: Compoint Hélène
Published: October 2016

À partir d’une enquête de l’ethnologue Julie Delalande (2009) portant à la fois sur la pratique dans de nombreux pays de rituels liés à la perte des dents de lait et sur les croyances des élèves en France de la grande section de maternelle jusqu’en ce1 , l’auteure propose d’analyser ce qui se joue entre les parents et l’enfant à travers le rituel et l’histoire de la « petite souris ». L’auteur postule que ceux-ci ont une fonction culturelle qui rend transitionnelle l’expérience d’une perte pour l’enfant et qui lui permet de vivre des éprouvés de « merveilleuse inquiétante étrangeté » alors que la perte des dents de lait pourrait lui rappeler des angoisses archaïques de morcellement, des désirs cannibaliques, des angoisses de castration. L’analyse comparative des rituels selon les pays à propos de la chute des dents de lait permet de dégager ce qu’il y a de spécifique au rituel de la « petite souri s  »  : la question de la sublimation de l’analité en famille contre le retour d’angoisses archaïques et de castration.
L’attachement blanc dans la relation d’aide
Authors: Pierron-Robinet Géraldine , Bonnet Magalie , Mariage André
Published: October 2016

L’accompagnement de la maladie d’Alzheimer pose avec insistance aux familles la question de l’élaboration des pertes successives de leur proche. Mais le pré-deuil et ses avatars semblent se décliner selon des modalités spécifiques chez l’aidant familial, nous invitant à clarifier ce concept dans la relation d’aide familiale. À partir des travaux de Green sur les vécus psychiques qualifiés de « blancs », tels que le deuil blanc, l’objet blanc et la psychose blanche, cet article analyse l’effet de résonance inconscient, dans la relation d’aide, d’une perte restée encryptée dans la psyché de l’aidant. Les auteurs s’appuient sur deux vignettes cliniques pour illustrer leur propos. Ainsi la ré-actualisation d’une perte non symbolisée peut avoir des incidences affectives et relationnelles, désorganisantes pour l’aidant familial, en entraînant la formation d’un attachement blanc dans la relation d’aide. Le retour de l’objet blanc incorporé redoublerait alors la douleur morale de l’aidant, paralysant son économie pulsionnelle et la mise en œuvre de son travail de pré-deuil.
Les valeurs de consommation des grands collectionneurs d’art. Etude des représentations médiatiques
Authors: Riché Caroline , Vidal Marion , Moureau Nathalie
Published: October 2016

Figure centrale du marché de l’art, les grands collectionneurs sont paradoxalement fortement médiatisés et secrets. L’étude de 131 portraits de grands collectionneurs fait émerger des valeurs de consommation : certaines sont d’ordre sociales, d’autres plus expérientielles. Les résultats visent à accompagner les intermédiaires marchands dans leur communication et stratégie de conquête, voire de fidélisation de ce segment de collectionneurs.
Les enseignes de la grande distribution : quelle légitimité pour commercialiser des produits écologiques du point de vue des consommateurs ?
Authors: Dekhili Sihem
Published: October 2016

Bien que la grande et moyenne surface (GMS) joue aujourd’hui un rôle dans la diffusion de la consommation écologique, son image négative en termes de relations avec les producteurs et son engagement social contesté posent la question de la légitimité de cet acteur à commercialiser des produits écologiques du point de vue des consommateurs. Les résultats de notre étude mettent en évidence les facteurs qui entachent la légitimité de la GMS : une faiblesse au niveau de la légitimité historique et de la légitimité des objectifs, et un impact négatif sur le plan environnemental et social. Les consommateurs expriment un manque de confiance envers la GMS et émettent des doutes autour des produits écologiques qu’elle commercialise.
Transmissions culturelles entre parents et enfants : le cas des goûts musicaux
Authors: Derbaix Maud , Derbaix Christian , Kindt Marie , Korchia Michaël , Fernandez Melisa Luna
Published: October 2016

Les goûts musicaux ou une partie significative des goûts musicaux des jeunes adultes ont-ils pour origine ce qu’ils écoutaient avec leurs parents étant enfants ? Ces mêmes jeunes adultes sont-ils à leur tour parvenus à influencer les goûts musicaux de leurs parents ? Autrement dit, y-a-t-il un transfert intergénérationnel et à quel niveau (habitudes d’ écoute, activités musicales, style musical, groupe ou chanteur, compositeur, musicien voire un instrument) se situe-t-il ? L’objectif de cette recherche est de découvrir les éléments musicaux – tangibles et intangibles – transmis des parents vers les enfants et vice-versa, et surtout les processus par lesquels cette transmission s’opère. Cet article présente les résultats d’une étude qualitative réalisée séparément auprès de 18 dyades parents-enfants de manière synchronique. Des implications théoriques et managériales en termes de segmentations stratégiques et de présentations concrètes de certaines offres ainsi que des voies de recherche sont in fine soulignées.
« Cette semaine, deux boîtes d’aspirine pour le prix d’une ! ». Une approche sémiotique des représentations du médicament curatif et de confort en France
Authors: Kessous Aurélie , Chalamon Isabelle , Paché Gilles
Published: October 2016

L’article vise à mieux comprendre les relations des patients-consommateurs à l’univers de la médication. Pour ce faire, il s’appuie sur quarante entretiens semi-directifs qui composent le corpus d’une analyse sémiotique. Quatre représentations du médicament curatif et de confort et huit profils de patients-consommateurs ayant des comportements et des logiques d’achat distincts sont identifiés. Les implications managériales concernant les stratégies des laboratoires pharmaceutiques, des officines et des acteurs de l’intermédiation logistique sont ensuite discutées.
S’occuper de nos futurs médecins
Authors: Cintas Caroline , Cousineau Marie , Langlois Vincent
Published: October 2016

Dans un contexte de mutation du management des établissements de soins, la question de la santé au travail pour les soignants devient une préoccupation majeure (Dupuich, 2013). Les médecins de par la nature de leur travail, font partie de la catégorie de métiers les plus exposés au burnout. Dans un contexte de changements organisationnels et managériaux sous contrainte budgétaire des établissements de santé, le risque est encore renforcé. Les internes, médecins en cours de formation, sont particulièrement exposés à l’épuisement professionnel (Truchot, 2002). La mesure de la santé au travail (par le MBI) des internes permet de dresser un constat sur cette population. Une typologie de profils d’internes dans leur rapport au travail de soin nécessairement contraint par les changements en cours dans les établissements de soins est présentée puis discutée grâce à un approfondissement par entretiens. La méthodologie retenue est mixte. Une étude quantitative est menée auprès de 242 jeunes médecins travaillant au sein d’un CHU de province. Une fois les données analysées, les résultats ont été explorés par 20 entretiens semi-directifs auprès des internes de cet établissement. Les résultats font apparaître quatre profils d’internes dans leur rapport au travail : de l’équilibré au brisé.