bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glue Embolization in the Management of Rectus Sheath Hematomas
Authors: Semeraro Vittorio , Vidali Sofia , Borghese Ottavia , Ganimede Maria Porzia , Gandini Roberto , Di Stasi Carmine , Burdi Nicola
Published: January 2022

Objective

This study aims to describe the results achieved in the management of rectus sheath hematoma (RSH) using glue embolization.

Method

Data about all consecutive patients presenting with RSH, between January 2005 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. RSHs were classified according to the Berna CT scan Classification. Clinical and technical outcomes were evaluated during in-hospital period and 1-month follow-up.

Results

Among 74 patients presenting with RSH, CTA revealed an active bleeding in 61 (n = 42, 69% women; median age = 68.8 y range: 47-91). 19 cases of type 1 RSH (25.7%), under anticoagulation therapy and hemodynamically stable, were successfully managed conservatively. Conversely, endovascular embolization with cyanoacrylate glue diluted with ethiodized oil (Lipiodol Ultrafluid, Guerbet, France) was needed in n = 42 (56.8%) patients, in 16 cases after failure of conservative management; a single session of percutaneous glue embolization was adequate to achieve technical and clinical success in all patients with stabilization or progressive improvement of hemoglobin values after procedure (7.1 + 1.8 g/dL pre-procedure vs 11.1 + 1.6 g/dL post-procedure). No major complications occurred. Two minor complications were reported: 1 case (2.4%) of puncture site-related complication (local self-limiting hematoma) and 1 case (2.4%) of post-embolization syndrome (abdominal pain) spontaneously regressive. The median hospital stay was 7 d. At 30-day follow-up, 2 patients (2.7%) died of multiorgan failure.

Conclusions

In the management of RSH, glue embolization was shown to be safe and efficacious. Glue allowed the immediate occlusion of both the “front and back doors” of bleeding without the need to reach the bleeding point, preventing potentially life-threatening recurrence.
Assisted Movement With Proprioceptive Stimulation Augments Recovery From Moderate-To-Severe Upper Limb Impairment During Subacute Stroke Period: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Cordo Paul , Wolf Steven , Rymer William Z. , Byl Nancy , Stanek Karen , Hayes John R.
Published: January 2022

Background

Robotic assisted movement has become an accepted method of treating the moderately-to-mildly impaired upper limb after stroke.

Objective

To determine whether, during the subacute phase of recovery, a novel type of robotic assisted training reduces moderate-to-severe impairment in the upper limb beyond that resulting from spontaneous recovery and prescribed outpatient therapy.

Methods

A prospective, randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled, semi-crossover study of 83 participants. Over 6- to 9-weeks, participants received 18, 30-min training sessions of the hand and wrist. The test intervention consisted of assisted motion, biofeedback, and antagonist muscle vibration delivered by a robotic device. Test Group participants received the test intervention, and Control Group participants received a placebo intervention designed to have no effect. Subsequently, Control Group participants crossed over to receive the test intervention.

Results

At enrollment, the average age (±SD) of participants was 57.0 ± 12.8 year and weeks since stroke was 11.6 ± 5.4. The average Fugl-Meyer baseline score of Test Group participants was 20.9, increasing by 10.8 with training, and in Control Group participants was 23.7 increasing by 6.4 with training, representing a significant difference (4.4) in change scores ( P = .01). During the crossover phase, Control Group participants showed a significant increase in FMA-UL score (i.e., 4.7 ± 6.7 points, P = .003) as well as in other, more specific measures of impairment.

Conclusions

Robotic impairment-oriented training, as used in this study, can significantly enhance recovery during the subacute phase of recovery. Spontaneous recovery and prescribed outpatient therapy during this phase do not fully exploit the potential for remediating moderate-to-severe upper limb impairment. ClinicalTrials.gov Registry: NCT00609115–Subacute stroke rehabilitation with AMES
Exploratory Study on the Clinical use of EEG for the People with Chronic Stroke and Their Correlation with the Neuropsychological Outcome
Authors: Chan Marko Ka Leung , Yeung Winnie Ka Yee , Yu Jason King Pong , Ng Serena Sin Wah , Tong Raymond Kai Yu
Published: January 2022

Objective. To measure the EEG signals of the people with chronic stroke in eyes-closed and eyes-open condition and study their relationship with the cognitive function and mental wellbeing. Methods. The investigators would conduct cognitive and mental wellbeing tests on recruited subjects. Their EEG signal was acquired by the 16-channel EEG system. The absolute power under different frequency bands and EEG indices (delta alpha ratio and pairwise derived brain symmetry index) in different eye conditions was calculated. Pearson's correlation was conducted to investigate the association between the clinical tests and the EEG index. Results. 32 subjects were recruited for the study. There was a significant correlation between the pairwise derived brain symmetry index (pdBSI) in eyes-open condition with the Stroop Test (p = .002), Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test-3 s (p = .008)/2 s (p = .002) and WHO-5 well-being scale (p = .023). Conclusions. There is a significant correlation between the brain symmetry index and the cognitive and wellbeing assessment. Brain symmetry index over the delta frequency has been found to be the most useful parameter relating to the clinical score.

Significance:

It is recommended to use EEG as an adjunctive neuropsychological assessment in clinics for people with chronic stroke, especially for clients who could not undertake conventional assessments (eg aphasia, attention problem).

Highlights: There is a significant correlation between the EEG index and the clinical neuropsychological assessment Pairwise Derived Brain Symmetry index in delta frequency range correlated with most of the neuropsychological outcome. It is feasible for us to adopt EEG as an adjunctive assessment in clinical settings.
Informed Consent In Facial Photograph Publishing: A Cross-sectional Pilot Study To Determine The Effectiveness Of Deidentification Methods
Authors: Preston Frank G , Meng Yanda , Zheng Yalin , Hsuan James , Hamill Kevin J , McCormick Austin G
Published: January 2022

This study determined the effectiveness of three deidentification methods: use of a) a black box to obscure facial landmarks, b) a letterbox view to display restricted facial landmarks and c) a half letterbox view. Facial images of well-known celebrities were used to create a series of decreasingly deidentified images and displayed to participants in a structured interview session. 55.5% were recognised when all facial features were covered using a black box, leaving only the hair and neck exposed. The letterbox view proved more effective, reaching over 50% recognition only once the periorbital region, eyebrows, and forehead were visible. The half letterbox was the most effective, requiring the nose to be revealed before recognition reached over 50%, and should be the option of choice where appropriate. These findings provide valuable information for informed consent discussions, and we recommend consent to publish forms should stipulate the deidentification method that will be used.
Addressing Food Insecurity to Optimize Nutritional Status
Authors: Esquivel Monica Kazlausky
Published: January 2022

Chronic health conditions related to diet are linked with increased risk for COVID-19 infection, complications, and mortality. Adherence to a healthy diet pattern can be protective, but a major barrier to healthy eating is the high cost of healthy foods. Access to healthy foods is especially limited in households that experience food insecurity, not having enough food or resources to get food. Individuals who live in these households are also at increased risk for a number of health conditions. Addressing food insecurity within lifestyle medicine practice is needed to achieve optimal nutrition status. Emerging food as medicine and other food access programs are promising but coverage of such programs is lacking through healthcare insurers. Medicaid waivers are a potential solution and have been utilized in a handful of states.
CircFOXP1: A novel serum diagnostic biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Luo Yirong , Zhang Qichao , Lv Bo , Shang Yanyan , Li Juan , Yang Lina , Yu Zhiwu , Luo Kai , Deng Xiaoyan , Min Ling , Zhu Ting
Published: January 2022

Background

Emerging evidence suggests that circular RNAs (circRNAs) were aberrantly expressed in the patients of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). This study aims to evaluate the diagnostic value of potential serum biomarker in circRNAs.

Methods

Serum circRNAs were extracted and purified by RNA isolated kit and identified by quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) assay. We then performed a receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve to estimate the diagnostic efficacy. The relationship between circRNA and clinic characteristics of patients was analyzed by SPSS 25.0. Univariate and multivariate analyses were also used to evaluate its diagnostic capability. The mechanism of circFOXP1 was further excavated by bioinformatics analysis.

Results

By performing qRT-PCR assay, we identified that circFOXP1 (hsa_circ_0008234) and conventional tumor markers (carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin fragment 21–1 (CYFRA21-1)) were all significantly overexpressed in the serum of patients with NSCLC when compared with healthy controls ( P < 0.05). While the ROC curves analysis demonstrated that area under the curve of circFOXP1 was obviously superior to CEA and CYFRA21-1, which exerted more diagnostic advantage. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that serum circFOXP1 was an independent diagnostic molecule, and was significantly correlated with T stage and lymphatic metastasis in NSCLC ( P < 0.05). Mechanistically, circFOXP1 might target hsa-miR-370-3p and hsa-miR-18a-5p, and be involved in vascular endothelial growth factor signaling pathways to regulate proliferative and metastasis processes.

Conclusion

Our results highlight the preferable diagnostic potential of serum circFOXP1 in NSCLC.
On association of lift generation, wake topology and kinematics of oscillating foils
Authors: Verma Suyash , Khalid Muhammad S.U. , Hemmati Arman
Published: January 2022

The association of lift generation and evolution of wake topology behind an oscillating foil with combined heaving and pitching motion is investigated numerically at a range of bluereduced frequency (0.16 [Formula: see text] 0.48), phase offset (0[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 315[Formula: see text]) and Reynolds number (1000 [Formula: see text] 4000). The pitch-dominated kinematics that coincide with the range of [Formula: see text] 120[Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] 225[Formula: see text] suggests that leading edge vortices are suppressed while trailing edge vortices dominate the wake with increasing reduced frequency. This corresponds to a transition in wake topology from a [Formula: see text] to a reverse Von Kármán wake mode. Contrarily, heave dominated kinematics (120[Formula: see text] [Formula: see text] 225[Formula: see text]) did not exhibit any wake topology transition with increasing [Formula: see text]. The temporal lift variation associated with heave-dominated regime further revealed a symmetric feature in terms of the time taken to attain peak lift generation within an oscillation cycle. This temporal symmetry was, however, lost as kinematics transitioned from heave- to pitch-dominated regime. Analyzing the wake evolution and lift features at quarter phase of an oscillation cycle revealed the existence of a correspondence between the two processes during the heave- and pitch-dominated kinematics.
Are bullying and reproduction of educational inequality the same thing? Towards a multifaceted understanding of school violence
Authors: Hammarén Nils
Published: January 2022

Violence is considered a major concern in society, specifically regarding school. In this article, the concept of school violence is explored. Different categorisations and manifestations of violence are presented, and the dividing lines between them are discussed. The questions highlighted in the article include the following: How is school violence defined, and what are the taxonomies of school violence? How and in what ways is school violence theorised and comprehended? The ways in which violence are characterised and comprehended vary between decades, contexts, disciplines and scholars. In general, violence is usually defined and can manifest itself through physical, relational, verbal, cyber and sexual expressions, and through systemic, structural, symbolic and objective forms. The former manifestations relate to more explicit and direct types of violence, which are also more often related to and included in the concept of school violence, while the latter manifestations focus on less visible and subtle forms. Definitions of violence are numerous yet highly overlapping, making school violence a complex and far from unambiguous concept that is problematic to define. Yet, the concept would benefit from including structural and symbolic forms of violence to avoid treating school violence as an individual issue at the expense of societal power relations underpinning school violence.
Primary central nervous system lymphoma in the United States, 1975–2017
Authors: Lv Chenglan , Wang Jing , Zhou Min , Xu Jing-Yan , Chen Bing , Wan Yuan
Published: January 2022

Background:

Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) has received more attention because of an inferior prognosis. Less is known about the incidence rate, histological type, and survival rate of PCNSL, especially in the 2010s.

Methods:

Data of PCNSL from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry database (SEER 9 registries and SEER 18 registries) were used. Incidence was estimated by age, gender, race, site, and histological type. Trends were analyzed using joinpoint regression and described as annual percent change (APC) and average annual percent change (AAPC). Five-year overall survival estimates were compared using log-rank tests.

Results:

Most PCNSL occurred in the brain, followed by the spinal cord. The most frequent histological type of PCNSL was diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, followed by marginal zone lymphoma. Incidence rate increased from 0.1/100,000 to 0.5/100,000 with an AAPC of 5.3% from 1975 to 2017. Incidence rates varied greatly between the younger and older age population. The 5-year overall survival rates in SEER 9 registries and SEER 18 registries were 30.5% and 37.4%, respectively. Even though the 5-year overall survival rate significantly increased from 27.9% for the 1975–1979 time period to 44.8% for the 2010–2017 time period, survival benefit could not be expected for patients ⩾60 years. The 5-year survival rate for elderly patients was about 30% in the 2010s.

Conclusion:

With aging, the incidence of PCNSL in the elderly is increased. Over the past decade, no advances have been made in the treatment of elderly PCNSL. Prospective trials with PCNSL are warranted to improve the survival of elderly patients.
Computerized migraine diagnostic tools: a systematic review
Authors: Woldeamanuel Yohannes W. , Cowan Robert P.
Published: January 2022

Background:

Computerized migraine diagnostic tools have been developed and validated since 1960. We conducted a systematic review to summarize and critically appraise the quality of all published studies involving computerized migraine diagnostic tools.

Methods:

We performed a systematic literature search using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, snowballing, and citation searching. Cutoff date for search was 1 June 2021. Published articles in English that evaluated a computerized/automated migraine diagnostic tool were included. The following summarized each study: publication year, digital tool name, development basis, sample size, sensitivity, specificity, reference diagnosis, strength, and limitations. The Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) tool was applied to evaluate the quality of included studies in terms of risk of bias and concern of applicability.

Results:

A total of 41 studies (median sample size: 288 participants, median age = 43 years; 77% women) were included. Most (60%) tools were developed based on International Classification of Headache Disorders criteria, half were self-administered, and 82% were evaluated using face-to-face interviews as reference diagnosis. Some of the automated algorithms and machine learning programs involved case-based reasoning, deep learning, classifier ensemble, ant-colony, artificial immune, random forest, white and black box combinations, and hybrid fuzzy expert systems. The median diagnostic accuracy was concordance = 89% [interquartile range (IQR) = 76–93%; range = 45–100%], sensitivity = 87% (IQR = 80–95%; range = 14–100%), and specificity = 90% (IQR = 77–96%; range = 65–100%). Lack of random patient sampling was observed in 95% of studies. Case–control designs were avoided in all studies. Most (76%) reference tests exhibited low risk of bias and low concern of applicability. Patient flow and timing showed low risk of bias in 83%.

Conclusion:

Different computerized and automated migraine diagnostic tools are available with varying accuracies. Random patient sampling, head-to-head comparison among tools, and generalizability to other headache diagnoses may improve their utility.
Collagenase treatment appears to improve cartilage tissue integration but damage to collagen networks is likely permanent
Authors: Shajib Md. Shafiullah , Futrega Kathryn , Jacob Klein Travis , Crawford Ross W , Doran Michael Robert
Published: January 2022

When repairing cartilage defects a major challenge is achieving high-quality integration between the repair tissue and adjacent native cartilage. Matrix-rich cartilage is not easily remodeled, motivating several studies to trial enzyme treatment of the tissue interface to facilitate remodeling and integration. Studying and optimizing such processes is tedious, as well as potentially expensive, and thus simpler models are needed to evaluate the merits of enzyme treatment on cartilage tissue integration. Herein, we used engineered cartilage microtissues formed from bone marrow-derived stromal cells (BMSC) or expanded articular chondrocytes (ACh) to study the impact of enzyme treatment on cartilage tissue integration and matrix remodeling. A 5-min treatment with collagenase appeared to improve cartilage microtissue integration, while up to 48 h treatment with hyaluronidase did not. Alcian blue and anti-collagen II staining suggested that collagenase treatment did facilitate near seamless integration of cartilage microtissues. Microtissue sections were stained with Picrosirius red and characterized using polarized light microscopy, revealing that individual microtissues contained a collagen network organized in concentric shells. While collagenase treatment appeared to improve tissue integration, assessment of the collagen fibers with polarized light indicated that enzymatically damaged networks were not remodeled nor restored during subsequent culture. This model and these data paradoxically suggest that collagen network disruption is required to improve cartilage tissue integration, but that the disrupted collagen networks are unlikely to subsequently be restored. Future studies should attempt to limit collagen network disruption to the surface of the cartilage, and we recommend using Picrosirius red staining and polarized light to assess the quality of matrix remodeling and integration.
The power of family: The impact of family culture on marriage stability in China
Authors: Hao Li
Published: January 2022

Family culture is deeply rooted in the transformation and development of Chinese society and has a profound influence on individual behavior and family decision-making. This paper examines the impact of the family culture of China on marriage stability. By using data from the China Family Panel Studies, this paper shows that family culture is significantly positively associated with marriage stability. The estimation of the instrumental variable—the number of memorial archways ( paifang) per 100,000 persons in each province—and a series of robustness checks all support the major results. It is also found that the positive impact of family culture on marriage stability is mainly seen for people with weaker perceived importance of family well-being, for those with lower levels of education, and for individuals living in a small family. Finally, the positive effect of family culture on marriage stability is primarily observed in older generations, specifically those born before 1969.
Health and work well-being associated with employment precariousness among permanent and temporary nurses: A cross-sectional survey
Authors: Hult Marja , Halminen Olli , Mattila-Holappa Pauliina , Kangasniemi Mari
Published: January 2022

Nursing is at risk of becoming precarious employment with low wages, poor working conditions, heavy workload and underdeveloped career development possibilities. This study aimed to explore employment precariousness, health and work well-being among permanent and temporary practical nurses and registered nurses. The data were collected from Finnish nurses ( n = 5867) using an online questionnaire in autumn 2020. This cross-sectional study was reported by applying the STROBE guidelines. Temporary nurses perceived their health and work well-being as being better than permanent nurses; however, they also perceived higher employment precariousness. Vulnerability, such as being treated in an authoritarian manner, had the strongest negative association with health and work well-being among permanent and temporary nurses. Practical nurses and registered nurses perceived employment precariousness in several dimensions, but this needs to be further studied because the results of this study are somewhat contradictory. Also, further studies are required to survey post-COVID-19 care work, as the pandemic likely affected the study, resulting in higher experiences of precariousness.
An Examination of the Relationship Between Levels Diversity-Organizational Performance: Does Innovative Culture Matter?
Authors: E. L. Telyani Abir , Farmanesh Panteha , Zargar Pouya
Published: January 2022

In the diverse and intense atmosphere of modern business conduct, performance, and proper management of diversity are crucial aspects for every organization. This research investigates the emergence of workforce diversity and firm performance consequences. In such an approach toward the field of diversity research, we investigated the effect of surface-level diversity versus deep-level diversity on organizational performance. Also, the mediating effect of innovative culture has been noted in the model that is defined for current research. This research takes place in the context of the Lebanese banking sector with 75 different banking and finance institutions involved. Hypotheses were tested through Structural Equation Modeling techniques. The findings demonstrated that diversity in age and experience have a vivid impact on organizational performance through the mediation effect of an innovative culture. The literature of diversity alongside managers and HR departments of the banking sector can benefit from the findings of current research.
Our Gains, Pains and Hopes: Community Partners’ Perspectives of Service-Learning in an Undergraduate Business Education
Authors: Chika-James Theresa A. , Salem Tarek , Oyet Mercy C.
Published: January 2022

In assessing the impact of service-learning, most studies focus on its effects on students’ learning than community partners and the communities served; leaving largely unanswered, the question of whether service-learning in business education still contributes value to community organizations and the wider society. This study investigates the impact of service-learning on communities through the perspectives of community partners from nonprofit and for-profit organizations in Canadian urban communities. Using semi-structured interviews and qualitative analysis, the authors collected and analyzed data from 30 participants to confirm their perspectives of service-learning in an undergraduate business education. The study found that service-learning offered practical benefits to communities and presented challenges that impacted partners’ experiences of service-learning. The penultimate sections of the paper provide recommendations for the improvement of the pedagogical practices of service-learning and advancement of community organizations. Key recommendations to maximize benefits for community partners include more faculty-community partners’ collaboration and creating networking opportunities for community partners.
“Facekit”—Toward an Automated Facial Analysis App Using a Machine Learning–Derived Facial Recognition Algorithm
Authors: Nachmani Omri , Saun Tomas , Huynh Minh , Forrest Christopher R. , McRae Mark
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Multiple tools have been developed for facial feature measurements and analysis using facial recognition machine learning techniques. However, several challenges remain before these will be useful in the clinical context for reconstructive and aesthetic plastic surgery. Smartphone-based applications utilizing open-access machine learning tools can be rapidly developed, deployed, and tested for use in clinical settings. This research compares a smartphone-based facial recognition algorithm to direct and digital measurement performance for use in facial analysis. Methods: Facekit is a camera application developed for Android that utilizes ML Kit, an open-access computer vision Application Programing Interface developed by Google. Using the facial landmark module, we measured 4 facial proportions in 15 healthy subjects and compared them to direct surface and digital measurements using intraclass correlation (ICC) and Pearson correlation. Results: Measurement of the naso-facial proportion achieved the highest ICC of 0.321, where ICC > 0.75 is considered an excellent agreement between methods. Repeated measures analysis of variance of proportion measurements between ML Kit, direct and digital methods, were significantly different ( F[2,14] = 6-26, P<<.05). Facekit measurements of orbital, orbitonasal, naso-oral, and naso-facial ratios had overall low correlation and agreement to both direct and digital measurements ( R<<0.5, ICC<<0.75). Conclusion: Facekit is a smartphone camera application for rapid facial feature analysis. Agreement between Facekit's machine learning measurements and direct and digital measurements was low. We conclude that the chosen pretrained facial recognition software is not accurate enough for conducting a clinically useful facial analysis. Custom models trained on accurate and clinically relevant landmarks may provide better performance.
Factors Influencing Satisfaction with Service Delivery Among National Health Insurance Scheme Enrollees in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria
Authors: Adewole David Ayobami , Reid Steve , Oni Tolu , Adebowale Ayo Stephen
Published: January 2022

Perceived quality of care is a determinant of uptake of health services. This study aimed to assess the determinants of quality of care of enrollees in the National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) in Nigeria. The outcome was satisfaction with health care services, which was used as a proxy for quality. Findings will assist in the intervention to enhance enrollment in the scheme and for universal health coverage attainment. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among enrollees in selected NHIS facilities in Ibadan, Nigeria. Data on satisfaction with health care were collected among selected 432 enrollees with the aid of an adapted semi-structured WHO-USAID interviewer-administered questionnaire. Data were analyzed using chi-square and multiple logistic regression models (α = 0.05). Among predictors of satisfaction with health services were younger age (OR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.05–3.25, p = .024), working in the private sector (OR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.03–3.28, p = .022), and seeking information about quality of services prior enrollment (OR = 1.63, 95% CI = 1.04−2.53, p = .013). Targeted intervention based on the findings of this study should be implemented to improve satisfaction with the services offered.
Gender Equity and Impedes of Career Progression in the Nursing Profession in Khomas Region of Namibia
Authors: Mwetulundila Paulus , Indongo Nelago
Published: January 2022

Introduction Women had for years endured impediments at the workplace in many aspects such as gender inequity and low pace of career advancement. The status quo is persistent despite the enactment of legal frameworks institutionalized to redress gender disparities in the workforce. Aim This study strives to explore gender equity, assess the magnitude of women in decision-making and to ascertain impediments that humper career progression in nursing. Method This study utilized secondary data collected from a thesis titled ‘Gender equity and career progression in the Ministry of Health and Social Services in Khomas region of Namibia.The main study employed a mixed method approach to collect information through interviews. Tools Two separate semi-structured interview guides that comprised of both set of close-ended and open-ended questions were employed to gather information from selected respondents and the key informant. Results The conception that women in nursing are less successful in their careers in comparison to their male colleagues is contrary to the study findings as managerial positions at the studied institutions are held by women. Cultural factors are found to hold less significance in impeding career progression at Ministry of Health and Social Services as opposed to organizational hierarchical structure. Conclusion The feminization of the nursing career that led to the predominance of female in profession is still unopposed as the profession is not showing a sign of equilibrium of the two genders.
The Prevalence and The Relationship of Workplace Bullying and Nurses Turnover Intentions: A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Al Muharraq Essa H. , Baker Omar G. , Alallah Sultan M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Sustaining a healthy work environment is a major challenge for health care organizations worldwide. Nursing professionals are often exposed to workplace bullying, which imposes serious challenges to nursing retention. Objectives: To determine the prevalence of workplace bullying and turnover intention among nurses, and to investigate the relationship between workplace bullying and nurse turnover. Methods: A cross-sectional correlational design. Convenience sampling was applied, whereby 347 nurses working in a tertiary medical city in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, were recruited. Data were collected using the Negative Acts Questionnaire and the Anticipated Turnover Scale. Results: The rate of workplace bullying was high, bullying occurred at a cumulative rate of 33.4% ( n = 116). Work related bullying behaviors formed the most common bullying acts with (34.5%) followed by personal bullying with (31.1%) meanwhile physical intimidating accounted by (25.6%). Among the participants, 31.7% exhibited a high turnover intention. The demographic variable age was revealing an inverse correlation with workplace bullying. There was a positive significant correlation between workplace bullying and turnover intentions ( r = .24, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The alarming prevalence of both bullying and turnover intention among participants confirms that when nurses are exposed to workplace bullying, they are more likely to demonstrate an increased intention for turnover. Managers are urged to use proper enforcement of anti-bullying policies along with education and training to create a healthy environment and mitigate workplace bullying.
Micropolitical practices of multispatial metagovernance in rural Denmark
Authors: Fisker Jens Kaae , Johansen Pia Heike , Thuesen Annette Aagaard
Published: January 2022

Research on governance, network governance and metagovernance has shown how the practice of governing involves a diversity of actors in and beyond the state. Much attention has been paid to the role of powerful state and non-state actors while less consideration has been directed at less visible and marginalised actors who are recognised as participants but whose agency is rarely subjected to in-depth research. In this article, we address this lack by studying the micropolitical practices of place-based self-governing networks in the Danish countryside and their role in governing rural places. Our theoretical point of departure is Bob Jessop’s notion of multispatial metagovernance which we seek to enhance by considering marginalised actors around the edges of the state apparatus. Our findings suggest that these marginalised and overlooked actors are not just subjected to governance but actively partake in shaping the governance landscape by enveloping rural places for self-governance in four distinct ways: (1) subverting municipal micro-technologies of power; (2) filling the void created by scalar fixes; (3) keeping local organising efforts fluid and opaque to outsiders and (4) orchestrating strategically selective cooperation with extra-local actors. Without downplaying asymmetries of power and their influence on governance outcomes, we conclude that metagovernance and collibration are not just prerogatives of the powerful. Generating adequate understandings of such practices is therefore only possible if we consider the full breadth of involved actors without taking for granted that outcomes are always decided in advance by the powerful. The study that the article reports on shows one of the ways in which this task may be approached empirically.
COVID “death pits”: US nursing homes, racial capitalism, and the urgency of antiracist eldercare
Authors: Krupar Shiloh , Sadural Amina
Published: January 2022

Rampant COVID-19 outbreaks in US nursing homes have presented a massive biosecurity problem for the nation, bringing into stark relief the racialized stratification of eldercare administration and long-term care. This paper, by foregrounding the ways racial capitalism drives the chronic devaluation of nursing home residents and staff, provides an overview of how racism and ageism operate geographically through political ecologies of COVID in relation to the organization of the nursing home industry, medical scarcity, long-term care labor, and pandemic response to elderly populations. The inventory tracks some of the ways nursing homes condition race-based futures by arranging eldercare populations, workers, and spaces for extraction, abandonment, and blame for the pandemic. In doing so, it demonstrates the need for more equitable forms of aging and more just institutions of eldercare that put the social welfare of the aged, especially that of BIPOC elders and caregivers, above corporate compliance and financial performance that reproduce racial hierarchy and white supremacy in US healthcare. The article concludes by engaging with Black feminist data analytics and several policy efforts that challenge the structurally racist conditions of caregiving, pandemic response, and securitized segregation of the aged.
Geographies of revolution: Prefiguration and spaces of alterity in Latin American radicalism
Authors: Ferretti Federico
Published: January 2022

This paper discusses geographies of revolution and their potentialities for providing new notions of space to critical, subaltern and decolonial geopolitics. It does so by addressing a virtually unknown case, that is works of Cuban revolutionary and geographer Antonio Nuñez–Jiménez (1923–1998), especially his 1959 Geografía de Cuba. This book was published during the revolutionary period, after the fall of dictator Fulgencio Batista and before the 1961 official ‘socialist’ turn of the new (authoritarian) Castroist regime. According to respected scholarship, the original inspiration of the Cuban revolution was democratic and anticolonialist, and its initial components quite heterogeneous. My argument is twofold. Firstly, I contend that revolutions occur independently from narrow ideological labels that were imposed later, and geographies of revolution express their performative potentialities for prefiguring new worlds independently from the (re)establishment of post-revolutionary states. Secondly, I suggest that Jiménez’s elaborations on the Cuban Monte as a (revolutionary) space of alterity can nourish decolonial geopolitics which are alternative to European ideas of bounded territoriality. Corresponding to the rough and ‘uncivilised’ hinterland where historical experiences of Indio and Afro-Cuban insurgences took place, the Monte became a concept defining subversion and alterity through Jiménez’s claims that these early insurgences found their continuators in the nineteenth-century anticolonial fighters and in the 1950s guerrillas. By addressing Jiménez’s original writings, which were mostly never translated into English, I also extend current literature rediscovering critical and radical geographies beyond their Northern and Anglo-American ‘core’.
Explorative Learning in Infrastructure Development Megaprojects: The Case of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Authors: Liu Yan , Houwing Erik-Jan , Hertogh Marcel , Yuan Ziwei , Liu Huimin
Published: January 2022

Research on explorative learning has primarily focused on the organizational level. Not much research has been done at the megaproject level, which is a more complex form of organizing. Therefore, it is advisable to analyze how the pursuit of explorative learning is enabled at the megaproject level. This research draws upon the case study of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB)—a cross-sea link construction project—to study how explorative learning was achieved and sustained. The findings from archival documents, interviews, and focus group discussions indicate that megaprojects are more likely to increase in complexity but might bring value via more significant learning opportunities. Explorative learning is enacted through the complementary use of owner leadership, collaboration, external resources, and experiments. This research adds to our knowledge of how explorative learning works in practice and highlights its significance in the context of megaprojects.
Hellandite-(Y)–hingganite-(Y)–fluorapatite retrograde coronae: a novel type of fluid-induced dissolution–reprecipitation breakdown of xenotime-(Y) in the metagranites of Fabova Hoľa, Western Carpathians, Slovakia
Authors: Ondrejka Martin , Molnárová Alexandra , Putiš Marián , Bačík Peter , Uher Pavel , Voleková Bronislava , Milovská Stanislava , Mikuš Tomáš , Pukančík Libor
Published: January 2022

Two contrasting reaction coronae were developed around rare earth element (REE) accessory phosphates in Variscan metagranitic rocks, which have been overprinted by Alpine blastomylonitisation from the Fabova Hol'a Massif, in the Veporic Unit, Western Carpathians, Central Slovakia. The Th–U–Pb total EPMA age determination of primary magmatic monazite-(Ce) from the metagranite indicates a Carboniferous (Mississippian, Tournaisian) age of 355 ± 1.9 Ma. Monazite-(Ce) breakdown resulted in impressive, though common, fluorapatite ± Th-silicate + allanite-(Ce) + clinozoisite coronae. The alteration of xenotime-(Y) produced a novel type of secondary coronal micro-texture consisting of a massive fluorapatite mantle zone and tiny satellite crystals of hellandite-(Y) [(Ca,REE)4Y2Al□2(B4Si4O22)(OH)2] and hingganite-(Y) [Y2□Be2Si2O8(OH)2] of ~1–5 μm, and rarely ≤10 μm in size. The localised occurrence of Y–B–Be silicates, which are associated closely with other secondary minerals, suggests the involvement of B and Be during the metasomatic alteration transformation of xenotime-(Y). General reactions for monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y) decomposition, including the fluids involved, can be written as follows: Mnz + (Ca, Fe, Si, Al and F)-rich fluid → FAp + Ht + Aln + Czo; Xtm + (Ca, Fe, Si, Al, F, B and Be)-rich fluid → FAp + Hld + Hin + Czo.

The granitic rocks underwent Early Cretaceous burial metamorphism under greenschist- to lower amphibolite-facies P–T conditions. Subsequently, Alpine post-collisional uplift and exhumation of the Veporic Unit, starting from the Late Cretaceous epoch, was accompanied by a retrograde tectono-metamorphic overprint; the activity of external fluids, caused the formation of secondary coronae minerals around monazite-(Ce) and xenotime-(Y). A portion of B (± Be) should have been liberated from the metagranite feldspars, micas, or xenotime-(Y) enriched in (Nb,Ta)BO4 (schiavinatoite or béhierite) components. However, the principal source of B and Be in fluids necessary for the production of hellandite and hingganite, was probably of external origin from adjacent magmatic, metamorphic, or sedimentary rocks (Permian granites, rhyolites and sedimentary rocks, and Palaeozoic metapelites).
Gachingite, Au(Te1–xSex) 0.2 ≈ x ≤ 0.5, a new mineral from Maletoyvayam deposit, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia
Authors: Tolstykh Nadhezda D. , Tuhý Marek , Vymazalová Anna , Laufek František , Plášil Jakub , Košek Filip
Published: January 2022

Gachingite, Au(Te1–xSex), 0.2 ≈ x ≤ 0.5, is a new mineral discovered in the Gaching ore occurrence of the Maletoyvayam epithermal deposit, Kamchatka, Russia. Gachingite forms individual droplet-like grains of sizes from 2 to 10 μm included in native gold (Au–Ag), associated with calaverite, maletoyvayamite, watanabeite and Au–Sb oxides. The aggregates do not exceed 100 μm in diameter. In plane-polarised light, gachingite is grey with a bluish tint, has bireflectance (bluish-grey to deep grey), and strong anisotropy with rotation tints blue to dark blue to brown. Reflectance values for gachingite in air (Rmin, Rmax in %) are: 39.9, 40.3 at 470 nm; 41.6, 43.3 at 546 nm; 42.0, 43.7 at 589 nm; and 43.0, 44.0 at 650 nm. Eighteen electron-microprobe analyses of gachingite gave an average composition: Au 62.40, Ag 0.57, Se 9.78, Te 27.33 and S 0.01, total 100.09 wt.%, corresponding to the formula (Au0.96Ag0.02)Σ0.98(Te0.65Se0.37)Σ1.02 based on 2 apfu, the simplified formula is Au(Te0.65Se0.35); the average analyses of its synthetic analogue is Au 65.7, Se 13.1 and Te 21.1, total 99.9 wt.%, corresponding to Au1.00(Te0.50Se0.50). The calculated density is 10.47 g/cm3. The mineral is orthorhombic, space group Cmce (#64) with a = 7.5379 Å, b = 5.7415 Å, c = 8.8985 Å, V = 385.12 Å3 and Z = 8. The crystal structure was solved and refined from the single-crystal X-ray-diffraction data of synthetic Au1.00(Te0.50Se0.50). The crystal structure of gachingite represents a unique structure type, containing linear [Au–Au–Au] chains running along the b-axis indicating strong metallic interaction in one direction. The structural identity of gachingite and its synthetic analogue Au1.00(Te0.50Se0.50) was confirmed by electron back-scatter diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. The formation of gachingite requires an abundant source of Au and Se and a high oxidising environment. Gachingite is related to the gold-bearing productive stage of ore mineralisation, which is stable at 250°C in log$f_{{\rm S}{\rm e}_ 2}$ range of −12.4 and −5.7. The mineral is named after its type locality.
Unique molecular and functional features of extramedullary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell reservoirs in humans
Authors: Mende Nicole , Bastos Hugo P. , Santoro Antonella , Mahbubani Krishnaa T. , Ciaurro Valerio , Calderbank Emily F. , Quiroga Londoño Mariana , Sham Kendig , Mantica Giovanna , Morishima Tatsuya , Mitchell Emily , Lidonnici Maria Rosa , Meier-Abt Fabienne , Hayler Daniel , Jardine Laura , Curd Abbie , Haniffa Muzlifah , Ferrari Giuliana , Takizawa Hitoshi , Wilson Nicola K. , Göttgens Berthold , Saeb-Parsy Kourosh , Frontini Mattia , Laurenti Elisa
Published: January 2022

Rare hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) pools outside the bone marrow (BM) contribute to blood production in stress and disease but remain ill-defined. Although nonmobilized peripheral blood (PB) is routinely sampled for clinical management, the diagnosis and monitoring potential of PB HSPCs remain untapped, as no healthy PB HSPC baseline has been reported. Here we comprehensively delineate human extramedullary HSPC compartments comparing spleen, PB, and mobilized PB to BM using single-cell RNA-sequencing and/or functional assays. We uncovered HSPC features shared by extramedullary tissues and others unique to PB. First, in contrast to actively dividing BM HSPCs, we found no evidence of substantial ongoing hematopoiesis in extramedullary tissues at steady state but report increased splenic HSPC proliferative output during stress erythropoiesis. Second, extramedullary hematopoietic stem cells/multipotent progenitors (HSCs/MPPs) from spleen, PB, and mobilized PB share a common transcriptional signature and increased abundance of lineage-primed subsets compared with BM. Third, healthy PB HSPCs display a unique bias toward erythroid-megakaryocytic differentiation. At the HSC/MPP level, this is functionally imparted by a subset of phenotypic CD71+ HSCs/MPPs, exclusively producing erythrocytes and megakaryocytes, highly abundant in PB but rare in other adult tissues. Finally, the unique erythroid-megakaryocytic–skewing of PB is perturbed with age in essential thrombocythemia and β-thalassemia. Collectively, we identify extramedullary lineage-primed HSPC reservoirs that are nonproliferative in situ and report involvement of splenic HSPCs during demand-adapted hematopoiesis. Our data also establish aberrant composition and function of circulating HSPCs as potential clinical indicators of BM dysfunction.
Runs of homozygosity in Swiss goats reveal genetic changes associated with domestication and modern selection
Authors: Signer-Hasler Heidi , Henkel Jan , Bangerter Erika , Bulut Zafer ,   The VarGoats Consortium, Drögemüller Cord , Leeb Tosso , Flury Christine
Published: January 2022

Background

The domestication of goat (Capra hircus) started 11,000 years ago in the fertile crescent. Breed formation in the nineteenth century, establishment of herd books, and selection for specific traits resulted in 10 modern goat breeds in Switzerland. We analyzed whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data from 217 modern goats and nine wild Bezoar goats (Capra aegagrus). After quality control, 27,728,288 biallelic single nucleotide variants (SNVs) were used for the identification of runs of homozygosity (ROH) and the detection of ROH islands.

Results

Across the 226 caprine genomes from 11 populations, we detected 344 ROH islands that harbor 1220 annotated genes. We compared the ROH islands between the modern breeds and the Bezoar goats. As a proof of principle, we confirmed a signature of selection, which contains the ASIP gene that controls several breed-specific coat color patterns. In two other ROH islands, we identified two missense variants, STC1:p.Lys139Arg and TSHR:p.Ala239Thr, which might represent causative functional variants for domestication signatures.

Conclusions

We have shown that the information from ROH islands using WGS data is suitable for the analysis of signatures of selection and allowed the detection of protein coding variants that may have conferred beneficial phenotypes during goat domestication. We hypothesize that the TSHR:p.Ala239Thr variant may have played a role in changing the seasonality of reproduction in modern domesticated goats. The exact functional significance of the STC1:p.Lys139Arg variant remains unclear and requires further investigation. Nonetheless, STC1 might represent a new domestication gene affecting relevant traits such as body size and/or milk yield in goats.