bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sacral Osteotomy Combined With Lumbopelvic Distraction Osteosynthesis in the Treatment of Malunion or Nonunion of Vertically Displaced Pelvic Fractures
Authors: Luo Yangxing , He Li , Li Yue , Xie Jie , Gong Song , Zhang Qian , Yin Enzhi , Gu Meiqi , Yi Chengla
Published: November 2021

Background Malunion or nonunion of vertically displaced pelvic fractures resulting in lower limb length discrepancies, claudication, and pain. There have been few previous reports of this type of corrective surgery of the old pelvis. We present a new surgical technique of sacral osteotomy combined with lumbopelvic distraction osteosynthesis (LPDO) in the treatment of malunion and nonunion of vertically displaced pelvic fractures and report on its short-term clinical results.Methods We retrospectively reviewed nine patients (five males and four females) with malunion or nonunion of vertically displaced pelvic fractures treated with sacral osteotomy and LPDO from April 2015 to January 2020. The age ranged from 14 to 45 years (average, 30.7 years). The time from injury to deformity correction surgery ranged from 3 months to 5 years (average, 12.8 months). The vertical displacement of a unilateral pelvis was 3.0-4.5 cm (average, 3.80 cm). According to the AO/OTA classification at initial pelvic fracture, eight cases were type C1.3 and one case were type C3.3. Sacral osteotomy and LPDO were used in all nine patients. The degree of unilateral pelvic reduction was assessed postoperatively based on measurements from the anteroposterior (AP) X-ray. The Majeed score and pain visual analog scale (VAS) score were used to assess the therapeutic effect of the patients during follow-up.Results In all nine patients, postoperative AP X-ray showed correction displacement of 1.7-3.9 cm (average, 3.20 cm). All the patients were followed up for 6 to 36 months (average, 12.7 months). At the last follow-up, the Majeed score of pelvic fracture increased from an average of 53.9 points (30-84 points) preoperatively to 87.0 points (72-94 points), and the VAS score for pain decreased from an average of 6.0 points (4-8 points) preoperatively to 1.2 points (0-3 points). None of the patients had complications, such as infection, implant broken, screw loosening, iatrogenic nerve, or blood vessel injury. Conclusion Sacral osteotomy combined with LPDO for the treatment of pelvic malunion or nonunion caused by sacral fracture can correct significantly vertical displacement of a unilateral pelvis, prolong limb length, and reconstruct the stability of a pelvic ring, leading to good clinical results.
The Pattern of Leaf N:P Ratio Along Plantation Age: A Global Synthesis
Authors: Zhang Hui , Sun Meng , Wen Yuxiang , Tong Ran , Wang Geoff , Wu Qiqian , Li Yan , Wu Tonggui
Published: November 2021

Background

Plant stoichiometry displayed flexible over age sequences in previous studies, but effect of stand age on stoichiometry showed large uncertainties for different plantations at the global scale. In this study, we want to obtain the general pattern of leaf N:P ratio for global plantations across age gradients through the compilation and analysis of published data from the individual studies.
Results

Stand age, together with life forms, and climatic variables strongly affected leaf N:P ratio. This result indicates that the stand age is an indispensable underlying mechanism on stoichiometry. Leaf N:P ratio increased with stand age for all plantations pooled together, revealing the existence of the general pattern in leaf stoichiometry for plantations across age gradients. Leaf N:P ratio exhibited no trend in evergreen trees, but an increasing trend was obtained in deciduous trees along age sequences. Meanwhile, leaf N:P ratio rose with stand age for plantations in humid subtropical regions, but it did not vary in dry temperate regions.
Conclusions

Our results reveal the effects of age on tree stoichiometry cannot be neglected. These age-related patterns of stoichiometry verified that global plantations changed from N limitation to P limitation with increasing stand age, particularly for deciduous plantations and in plantations in humid regions. The study highlights the importance of considering stand age when exploring nutrient patterns in plantations, which contributes to improving the plant stoichiometry theory and offers a guidance for the nutrient management of plantations at regional to global scales.
Gas6 Induces Inflammation And Reduces Plaque Burden But Worsens Behavior In The APP/PS1 Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Owlett Laura D. , Karaahmet Berke , Le Linh , Belcher Elizabeth K. , Dionisio-Santos Dawling , Olschowka John A. , Elliott Michael R. , O'Banion M. Kerry
Published: November 2021

Background: Alzheimer’s disease is the leading cause of dementia worldwide. TAM receptor tyrosine kinases (Tyro3, Axl, MerTK) are known for their role in engagement of phagocytosis and modulation of inflammation, and recent evidence suggests a complex relationship between Axl, Mer, and microglial phagocytosis of amyloid plaques in AD. Gas6, the primary CNS TAM ligand, reduces neuroinflammation and improves outcomes in murine models of CNS disease. Therefore, we hypothesized that AAV-mediated overexpression of Gas6 would alleviate plaque pathology, reduce neuroinflammation, and improve behavior in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer’s disease.Methods: Adeno-associated viral vectors were used to overexpress Gas6 in the APP/PS1 model of Alzheimer’s disease. Nine-month-old male and female APP/PS1 and nontransgenic littermates received bilateral stereotactic hippocampal injections of AAV-Gas6 or AAV-control, which expresses a non-functional Gas6 protein. One month after injections, mice underwent a battery of behavioral tasks to assess cognitive function and brains were processed for immunohistochemical and transcriptional analyses. Results: Gas6 overexpression reduced plaque burden in male APP/PS1 mice. However, contrary to our hypothesis, Gas6 increased pro-inflammatory microglial gene expression and worsened contextual fear conditioning compared to control-treated mice. Gas6 overexpression appeared to have no effect on phagocytic mechanisms in vitro or in vivo as measured by CD68 immunohistochemistry, microglial methoxy-04 uptake, and primary microglial uptake of fluorescent fibrillary amyloid beta. Conclusion: Our data describes a triad of worsened behavior, reduced plaque number, and an increase in proinflammatory signaling. While Gas6 has historically induced anti-inflammatory signatures in the peripheral nervous system, our data suggest an alternative, proinflammatory role in the context of Alzheimer’s disease pathology.
Long-Term Renal Safety Between Patients With Chronic Hepatitis B Receiving Tenofovir vs. Entecavir Therapy: A Multicenter Study
Authors: Chon Young Eun , Park Soo Young , Kim Seung Up , Hong Han Pyo , Lee Jae Seung , Lee Hye Won , Kim Mi Na , Park Jun Yong , Kim Do Young , Ahn Sang Hoon , Kim Beom Kyung
Published: November 2021

Background
Renal safety is a critical issue in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients receiving long-term entecavir (ETV) or tenofovir disofuroxil fumarate (TDF) therapy. We investigated their effects on estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR).
Methods
Treatment-naïve CHB patients receiving ETV or TDF for ≥1 year were recruited. The eGFR was assessed using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration equation. We calculated average annual percent change (AAPC) in eGFR using Joinpoint regression.
Results
At beginning of observation, ETV group had unfavorable conditions than TDF group: lower eGFR and higher FIB-4 and APRI than TDF group (all P<0.001). After 6 years antiviral therapy, the mean eGFR in ETV group (n=1,793) was maintained (96.0 at first year to 95.6 mL/min/1.73 m2 at sixth year; AAPC -0.09%; P=0.322), whereas that in TDF group (n=1,240) significantly decreased annually (101.9 at first year to 96.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 at sixth year; AAPC -0.88%; P<0.001). Notably, in TDF group, even patients without diabetes (AAPC -0.80%; P=0.001) or hypertension (AAPC -0.87%; P=0.001) experienced significant decrease in eGFR. Expectably, accompanying diabetes (AAPC -1.59%; p=0.011) or hypertension (AAPC -1.00%; p=0.002) tended to accelerate eGFR decrease. TDF treatment (odds ratio 1.66, P<0.001), along with eGFR<60 mL/min/1.73 m2, serum albumin<3.5 mg/dL, and hypertension, were independently associated with ongoing renal dysfunction, defined as a negative slope of the mean eGFR change.
Conclusions
Compared to ETV, long-term TDF treatment induced slow, but progressive renal dysfunction. Although the annual eGFR change by TDF was small, careful monitoring is necessary, especially in patients requiring life-long therapy.
Analytical validity of DecisionDx-SCC, a gene expression profile test to identify risk of metastasis in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) patients
Authors: Borman Sherri , Wilkinson Jeff , Meldi-Sholl Lauren , Johnson Clare , Carter Kelsey , Covington Kyle R. , Fitzgerald Alison , Kurley Sarah J. , Farberg Aaron S. , Goldberg Matthew S. , Monzon Federico A. , Oelschlager Kristen , Cook Robert W.
Published: November 2021

Background
To improve identification of patients with cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) at high risk for metastatic disease, the DecisionDx-SCC assay, a prognostic 40-gene expression profile (40-GEP) test, was developed and validated. The 40-GEP assay utilizes RT-PCR gene expression analysis on primary tumor biopsy tissue to evaluate the expression of 34 signature gene targets and 6 normalization genes. The test provides classifications of low risk (Class 1), moderate risk (Class 2A), and high risk (Class 2B) of metastasis within 3 years of diagnosis. The primary objective of this study was to validate the analytical performance of the 40 gene expression signature.
Methods
The repeatability and reproducibility of the 40-GEP test was evaluated by performance of inter-assay, intra-assay, and inter-operator precision experiments along with monitoring the reliability of sample and reagent stability for class call concordance. The technical performance of clinical orders from September 2020 through July 2021 for the 40-GEP test was assessed.
Results
Patient hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) stained slides were reviewed by a board-certified pathologist to assess minimum acceptable tumor content. Class specific controls (Class 1 and Class 2B) were evaluated with Levey Jennings analysis and demonstrated consistent and reproducible results. Inter-assay, inter-operator and intra-assay concordance were all ≥90%, with short-term and long-term RNA stability also meeting minimum concordance requirements. Of the 2,446 orders received, 93.4% remained eligible for testing, with 96.8% of all tested samples that completed the assay demonstrating actionable class call results.
Conclusion
DecisionDx-SCC demonstrates a high degree of analytical precision, yielding high concordance rates across multiple performance experiments, along with exhibiting robust technical reliability on clinical samples.
Revisiting Nonoperative Treatment of Lateral Compression Pelvic Fractures. Analysis of Rehabilitation and Radiologic Outcomes in a Historical Cohort Using Today's AO Stability Criteria.
Authors: Rojas Claudio , EWERTZ ERNESTO , Hormazabal Jose Miguel
Published: November 2021

Background: Type I lateral compression pelvic fractures (LC-I) have historically been treated conservatively. Inferior outcomes in a distinctive subset of these injuries has been reported, therefore their management has shifted towards surgery. Revisiting historical series of LC-I allows us to determine whether non-operative management of these unstable patterns result in poorer outcomes. The objective was to evaluate the differences in the rehabilitation progress, fracture consolidation and displacement in non-operatively treated LC-I fractures that would be considered unstable using today´s AO criteria.Methods: We conducted a retrospective review of conservatively treated LC-I injuries in a single level I trauma center, between June 2010 and June 2014. Patients were distributed in Stable (Group A) and unstable (Group B) groups according to 2018 AO classification. Time to walk independently (TWI), time to return to work (TRW), fracture consolidation and displacement were analyzed. Results: 34 patients, mean aged 45.5 ±14.5 years, were included. Mean TWI in groups A and B were 71.2 ±31.9 and 105.9 ±50.9 days (p=0.027). Mean TRW was 106 ±51.3 and 157 ±84 days in Groups A and B respectively (p=0.038). A difference in mean TWI and TRW of 34.7 and 51.3 days between groups was observed. No significant differences in fracture consolidation or displacement were observed.Conclusion: Unstable fractures presented significantly longer TWI and TRW. The revised AO classification contributes in the identification of fracture patterns that correlate with prolonged rehabilitation in which additional treatment strategies might be considered.
Genomics Analysis and Degradation Characteristics of Lignin by Streptomyces Thermocarboxydus Strain DF3-3
Authors: Tan Fangyun , Cheng Jun , Zhang Yu , Jiang Xingfu , Liu Yueqiu
Published: November 2021

Background: Lignocellulose is an important raw material for biomass-to-energy conversion, and it exhibits a complex but inefficient degradation mechanism. Microbial degradation is promising due to its environmental adaptability and biochemical versatility, but the pathways used by microbes for lignin degradation have not been fully studied. Degradation intermediates and complex metabolic pathways require more study.Results: A novel actinomycete DF3-3, with the potential for lignin degradation, was screened and isolated. After morphological and molecular identification, DF3-3 was determined to be Streptomyces thermocarboxydus. The degradation of alkali lignin reached 31% within 15 days. Manganese peroxidase and laccase demonstrated their greatest activity levels, 1821.66 UL-1 and 1265.58 UL-1, respectively, on the sixth day. The highest lignin peroxidase activity was 480.33 UL-1 on the fourth day. A total of 19 lignin degradation intermediates were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), including 10 aromatic compounds. Genome sequencing and annotation identified 107 lignin-degrading enzyme-coding genes containing three core enzymatic systems for lignin depolymerization: laccases, peroxidases and manganese peroxidase. In total, 7 lignin metabolic pathways were predicted.Conclusions: Streptomyces thermocarboxydus strain DF3-3 has good lignin degradation ability. Degradation products and genomics analyses of DF3-3 show that it has a relatively complete lignin degradation pathway, including the β-ketoadipate pathway and peripheral reactions; gentisate pathway; anthranilate pathway; homogentisic pathway; and catabolic pathway for resorcinol. Two other pathways, the phenylacetate-CoA pathway and the 2,3-dihydroxyphenylpropionic acid pathway, are predicted based on genome data alone. This study provides the basis for future characterization of potential biotransformation enzyme systems for biomass energy conversion.
Multiple distinct domains of human XIST are required to coordinate gene silencing and subsequent heterochromatin formation
Authors: Dixon-McDougall Thomas Alan , Brown Carolyn J.
Published: November 2021

Background
Mammalian dosage compensation is achieved by the inactivation of one X chromosome in XX individuals. In eutheria this process is initiated early in development by the long non-coding RNA XIST. Studies of the initiation of silencing by XIST have focussed on mouse models, so the domains of XIST required to induce silencing in humans, and their relationship with domains required to establish heterochromatin remain to be determined.
Methods
We have previously established an inducible XIST cDNA in somatic cells and shown it can induce silencing and recruit heterochromatic features. We now assess a series of deletions across the construct for the ability to induce silencing and integrate these results with time-course and chromatin remodelling inhibitor treatments to follow the steps of XIST-induced silencing and heterochromatinization.
Discussion
We find that in addition to the previously reported necessity of the 5’ A repeat region for XIST-induced silencing, the F repeat region and a non-repetitive region at the 3’ end of the RNA are also required to silence genes. Silencing of genes up to 17Mb from the XIST integration occurs within two days, while formation of a Cot-1 depleted domain is slower, and more dependent on repeat F. The role of Repeat F in both the silencing of actively transcribed genes, the spread of H3K27me3 and the formation of a transcriptionally inert domain suggests a role in a pathway crucial for the spread of XIST across the chromatin to target distal regions of inactivation. Histone deacetylation requires only the A repeat region, with HDAC3 inhibition showing limited effect on silencing, but an impact on H3K27me3 recruitment, and as a result the recruitment of MacroH2A. Global HDAC inhibition impacted silencing in both a distance and dose-dependent fashion. The E repeat region was required for CIZ1 and H4K20me1 recruitment as well as H3K27me3; however, these appeared to act relatively independently. The H3K27me3 mark established by PRC2 integrated silencing and many of the heterochromatic features, while the PRC1 mark ubH2A appeared to be downstream of silencing in these human somatic cells.
Enteric Methane Emission Estimates for the Zimbabwean Sanga Cattle Breeds of Tuli and Mashona
Authors: Gwatibaya Showman , Murungweni Chrispen , Mpofu Irvine , Jingura Raphael , Tigere Accadius Tinarwo , Tererai Bosiwe
Published: November 2021

The effectiveness of methane mitigation in ruminant livestock production systems depends on the accuracy of estimating methane emission factors and providing accurate emission inventories. Following the Paris Climate agreement, it is recommended that countries adopt the Tier-2 approach for estimating enteric methane emissions from ruminants instead of the Tier-1 approach currently used by most countries. This study sought to provide base line enteric methane emission estimates for the Tuli and Mashona Sanga cattle breeds in Zimbabwe using the IPCC Tier-2 model. Using animal characterization data collected from 412 cattle from Grasslands Research Institute and 406 cattle from Makoholi Research Institute, net energy requirements were estimated. From this and the estimate for digestibility, gross energy intake and dry matter intake were estimated. Gross energy intakes and the estimated methane conversion factor were used to estimate enteric methane emissions. Mean emission factors for Tuli were 45.1, 56, 28.5, 28.4, 20.6kg CH4/head/year for cows, bulls, heifers, steers and calves respectively. For Mashona, they were 47.8, 51.9, 29, 29.1 and 20.7kgCH4/head/year for cows, bulls, heifers, steers and calves respectively. Generally, estimated Tier-2 emission factors were significantly different from the IPCC Tier-1 default emission factors. This study concluded that enteric methane emission factors estimated using the IPCC Tier-2 model offer insights into the controversial use of the default IPCC Tier-1 emission factors.
B Cell Subsets in Colombian Adults With Predominantly Antibody Deficiencies, Bronchiectasis or Recurrent Pneumonia
Authors: Giraldo-Ocampo Sebastian , Perdomo Anilza Bonelo , Zea-Vera Andrés Felipe
Published: November 2021

Purpose.

To evaluate lymphocyte’s populations and B cell subsets in patients presenting with PAD diagnosed with bronchiectasis or recurrent pneumonia seen in Cali (Colombian Southwest region).
Methods.

16 patients with PAD, 20 with bronchiectasis or recurrent pneumonia and 20 healthy controls were included. Lymphocyte populations (T, B & NK cells) and B cell subsets were evaluated in Peripheral Blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) using flow cytometry, using the T/B/NK reagent and the pre-germinal center antibody panel proposed by the EUROflow consortium, respectively. Clinical and sociodemographic data was collected (hospital records and interview). EUROclass and the classification proposed by Driessen et al were implemented.
Results.

B cell subsets were disturbed when compared to the age range matched healthy donors. Among B cell subsets,memory B cellcompartment was the most affected, especially switched memory B cells. Four participants were classified as B- and two CVID as smB-Trnorm and smB-21lo groups according to EUROclass classification. The most frequent pattern proposed by Driessen et al were B-cell production and germinal center defect. PAD participants also showed alteration in the B cell subsets correlation. Non-PAD participants with pulmonary complication also had alteration in B cell subsets.
Blockade of Myd88 Signaling by Novel MyD88 Inhibitor Prevents Colitis-associated Colorectal Cancer From Development by Impairing Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells
Authors: Wang Lu , Hu Dan , Xie Bin , Xie Lin
Published: November 2021

Background: Myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are currently confirmed to be due to escaping the host immune system of tumor by developing a highly suppressive environment. MDSC elimination provides an ideal target for tumor immunotherapy. However, little is still known about the exact molecular mechanism behind MDSC-mediated tumor immune evasion. Methods: We used a novel myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88) inhibitor TJ-M2010-5 to block the MyD88 signaling and prevent colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) development in mice. Results: We showed that CAC growth inhibition was involved in diminished MDSC generation, expansion, and suppressive function, and that the MDSC-mediated immune escape was dependent on the MyD88 signaling pathway activation. The MyD88 inhibitor treatment decreased accumulation of CD11b+Gr1+ MDSC in mice with CAC, thereby reducing cytokine (GM-CSF, G-CSF, IL-1β, IL-6 and TGF-β) secretion associated with MDSC accumulation, and reducing expression of molecules (iNOS, Arg-1 and IDO) associated with the suppressive capacity of MDSC. In addition, the MyD88 inhibitor treatment reduced the differentiation of MDSC from myeloid cells and the suppressive capacity of MDSC on proliferation of activated CD4+ T cell in vitro. Conclusion: Therefore, MDSC is a primary cellular target of the novel MyD88 inhibitor during CAC development. Our findings prove that MyD88 signaling is involved in the regulation of the immunosuppressive functions of MDSC. Our novel MyD88 inhibitor, TJ-M2010-5, is a new and effective agent that modulates MyD88 signaling to overcome MDSC suppressive functions and to enable the development of a successful antitumor immunotherapy.
Sucesso após retratamento endodôntico: importância da limpeza e desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares
Authors: Hori Grace Mitiko Rosati , Da Silva Amanda Albertoni , Pollay Marcela , Gusman David Jonathan Rodrigues , Catelan Anderson , Batista Victor Eduardo de Souza , Martins Christine Men
Published: November 2021

Introdução: A persistência de microrganismos é um dos fatores determinantes de insucesso do tratamento endodôntico, que ocorre devido às iatrogenias, patologias e negligencias. Para solucionar este problema, pode-se indicar a extração dentária ou um tratamento mais conservador, como o retratamento endodôntico. Objetivo: Frente ao exposto, o principal objetivo no presente artigo é relatar um caso clínico de insucesso do tratamento endodôntico primário e o sucesso na abordagem de retratamento que culminou para a finalização positiva do caso clínico. Relato de caso clínico: Paciente com sintomatologia dolorosa ao mastigar no dente 26 foi diagnosticada com periodontite apical crônica com radioluscência periapical por meio da propedêutica clínica e radiográfica com vistas à Endodontia. Foi realizado tratamento endodôntico e após 1 ano da finalização, o paciente apresentava fístula recorrente e foi proposto a extração do dente em questão. Descontente com o plano de tratamento, buscou uma segunda opinião e foi realizado o retratamento endodôntico em sessões múltiplas com a utilização de hidróxido de cálcio como opção para medicação intracanal. Após 60 dias de medicação intracanal, realizou-se a obturação do sistema de canais radiculares e a reabilitação dentária. Conclusão: O sucesso do tratamento endodôntico é dependente da excelente limpeza e desinfecção do sistema de canais radiculares e conseguinte obturação hermética; a persistência de microrganismos é um dos fatores que pode determinar um prognóstico desfavorável e uma nova reintervenção endodôntica pode levar ao sucesso, a despeito de alternativas radicais, como a exodontia e reabilitação com implantes. Por meio do caso clínico apresentado, conclui-se que o planejamento minucioso e a execução do tratamento baseado em evidência científica levam ao sucesso de tratamentos mais conservadores para o paciente e sua satisfatoriedade.
Tratamento cirúrgico de uma fratura cominutiva de mandíbula com fixação interna rígida
Authors: Barros Maylson Alves Nogueira , Teslenco Vitor Bruno , Reis Guilherme Nucci dos , Pancini Everton Floriano , Pelissaro Gustavo Silva , Cavalcanti Herbert de Abreu
Published: November 2021

Introdução: As fraturas mandibulares são tipo mais comum, em relação as outras fraturas faciais, a mandíbula é acometida em até 38% dos casos, isto devido a sua exposição e proeminência em situações traumáticas. O tratamento das fraturas baseia-se na estabilização com o restabelecimento da oclusão prévia a lesão e em alguns casos a imobilização da fratura¹. Quando estas fraturas não são tratadas no tempo adequado, causam sequelas, envolvendo funções e estética Objetivo: Descrever tratamento cirúrgico aberto de uma fratura cominutiva de mandíbula, através da fixação interna rígida. Relato de caso: Paciente sexo masculino, 24 anos, com história de acidente de moto, foi admitido no maior hospital de trauma no estado do Mato Grosso do Sul e avaliado pelo serviço de Cirurgia e Traumatologia Bucomaxilofacial do Hospital Santa Casa devido hipótese de diagnóstico de fratura de mandíbula. O paciente foi submetido a tratamento cirúrgico aberto com fixação interna rígida óssea com placas e parafusos. Conclusão: A cirurgia, por meio da fixação interna rígida óssea com placas e parafusos, é um avanço no tratamento das fraturas, com altas taxas de sucesso com retorno precoce das funções.
Febre amarela: surtos recorrentes na região sudeste do Brasil, 2016 – 2020
Authors: Gomes Cezar Augusto Resende de Brito , Bráulio Pedro Cabral de Alencar , Neves João Gabriel Nepomuceno Tavares , Oliveira Flávio Stilverson Leite de , Leite Daniel Gonçalves , Malheiro Djailson Ricardo , Santos Francisco Antônio Vieira dos
Published: November 2021

Este artigo de revisão tem como objetivo analisar estudos que abordam sobre a febre amarela na região sudeste, uma vez que foi observado uma alta reincidência dessa antiga doença na atualidade, a partir do ciclo silvestre dessa virose, que é transmitido por mosquitos como o Haemagogus e Sabethes. Foram utilizados estudos de bases de dados como Google acadêmico, PUBMED, SciELO, livros e portais. Além disso, os critérios de inclusão foram publicações feitas nos últimos 5 anos que se tratam das características da doença ou que analisavam os surtos periódicos ocorridos no sudeste brasileiro, como o de 2016/2017, que foi um grande surto de febre amarela no Brasil, em que uma possível causa foi a negligência governamental, uma vez que antes de 2017 a vacina era disponibilizada apenas para pessoas residentes ou visitantes de regiões endêmicas, como o território amazônico. Desse modo, foi observado que a febre amarela apesar de ser uma doença enzoótica (presente em determinadas localidades), provavelmente migrou para o sudeste a partir da região centro-oeste, uma vez que esta faz divisa com as duas áreas e por isso merece uma atenção redobrada da vigilância de saúde, pois assim é possível evitar possíveis surtos.
Atenção do cirurgião-dentista da estratégia de saúde da família no atendimento domiciliar à pacientes acamados: revisão de literatura
Authors: Rosa Sara de Oliveira , Ramirez Iago , Lima Daniela Coelho de , Pereira Alessandro Aparecido
Published: November 2021

A Estratégia de Saúde da Família (ESF) faz parte do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS), e dentro dela uma das práticas preconizadas é a atenção domiciliar (AD) com objetivo principal fornecer continuidade do cuidado. Na equipe multiprofissional uma das atribuições para o cirurgião-dentista (CD) previsto na Política Nacional de Atenção Básica (PNAB) é o cuidado no domicílio. O objetivo desse estudo é conhecer as atribuições dos cirurgiões-dentistas da ESF referente à importância das visitas domiciliares aos pacientes acamados, dando ênfase em quais os procedimentos os CD’s podem realizar no domicílio sem o equipamento portátil e analisar pesquisas de campo sobre visitas domiciliares realizadas por cirurgiões-dentistas. Porém, quanto à relevância profissional, a literatura evidencia lacunas a essas visitas realizadas pelos CD’s. O trabalho desenvolvido trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, em que os artigos científicos sobre a temática foram acessados nas bases de dados Scielo, LILACS, MEDLINE, publicados de 2004 até 2020. O AD é um recurso útil para a Saúde Bucal se bem delimitada, como em situações cujo a dinâmica familiar interfere no processo saúde-doença. Além de estabelecer ou fortalecer o vínculo, pode ser utilizada para intervenções curativas nos pacientes impossibilitados de se deslocarem até a Unidade Básica de Saúde (UBS). E quando a visita domiciliar não é vivenciada frequentemente no cotidiano do trabalho na Atenção Básica, o vínculo com a população adscrita fica prejudicado, o que retroalimenta o ciclo do processo de trabalho alienante e isolado dos profissionais da saúde bucal.
Microdontia treatment with orthodontics and indirect restoration: clinical case
Authors: Gontijo Sávio Morato de Lacerda , Gonçalves Laura Costa , Arantes Fernanda Novais , Silami Francisca Daniele Jardilino , Novaes Júnior João Batista , Barreiros Ivan Doche
Published: November 2021

Objective: This case report aims to present the microdontia treatment of tooth 35 through pre-prosthetic orthodontics, followed by re-anatomization with an indirect restoration. Case report: A 21-year-old female patient presented with microdontia in tooth 35, with a distalized and vestibularized crown. In addition, tooth 34 was gyroverted with mesial diastema. Orthodontic mechanics with segmented arch were used to centralize tooth 35 in the alveolar ridge, close the diastema in the mesial of tooth 34, and correct its gyroversion. For lingualization of tooth 35, a first-order fold (in set) was performed, and for mesialization, an open-coil spring was used between teeth 35 and 36. A closed-coil spring was used to delimit the movement of tooth 35 to mesial. The force applied by the open spring for mesialization of tooth 35 was transmitted to tooth 34, through the closed spring, resulting in its mesialization; this, closed the diastema between teeth 33 and 34 and corrected the gyroversion. Subsequently, the coronary preparation was performed with diamond tips 1014 and 3146, and confection of the temporary crown in acrylic resin. For the ceramic system, IPS™ e.max Press was used. The ceramic crown was luting using the adhesive technique, followed by light curing for 40 seconds on each face of the tooth. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the re-anatomization of a small tooth should be the first treatment option. However, pre-prosthetic orthodontic treatment may be necessary.
The timeliness of an underwater sensor system
Authors: L. V Scipanov
Published: November 2021

In this article, we intend to bring in mind the importance of submarine surveillance systems in terms of information support and the creation of a fully recognized maritime image. The importance of information to strengthen the maritime power of a state with access to the sea calls for the identification of effective adaptive solutions that minimize effort and costs. Due to the diversity of underwater vectors, the need arised to identify them in the sea areas of interest or in maritime operation areas, where their presence endangers the safety of naval forces or coastal objectives. We believe that a system of submarine sensors is an efficient and effective solution for obtaining information that contributes to the realization of the recognized image in the overall maritime environment under the responsibility of the Romanian Navy.
Methods and means of communication in vocabulary teaching
Authors: L. Maruntelu
Published: November 2021

Whatever the technique used to present a new word, it is important to note that teaching vocabulary is a long and complex process that requires attention, time, training, creativity from the teacher. With emphasis on language, communication and culture in national standards for learning modern languages, teachers are continually searching for better ways to access authentic materials and provide experiences that will better develop students' skills in foreign language communication. This study presents some information technologies as the internet as well as any other offline and online communication methods, various eLearning programs created or other various possibilities that the computer gives us and which we can use as a means of playing some information (messenger, Skype, MS Office, Apple products, tables, video and audio, etc.)
Study case on navy cadets’ crew profile in regard of diversity management onboard training ships
Authors: C. Popa
Published: November 2021

The diversity management and the gender issue specifically, have become important variables of the crew management performance onboard the ship, including in Navy structures. The present study is focused on determining the influence of gender issue against the crew climate and performance onboard Navy ship, applied on cadetship programmes. The authors have developed a specific questionnaire within MENTORESS program (financed by Erasmus+, KA2 action), in joint with the project partners from Piri Reis University, Polish Naval Academy and Bulgarian Naval Academy. Consequently, the questionnaire has been applied on Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy’s cadets (3rd and 4th year of study), alongside the training voyages onboard Navy ships. The results were collected and processed accordingly, several conclusions being drawn in regard of cadets’ perceptions related to gender issue. The major scope was to seek particular reflections on gender issue, in order to determine curriculum gaps and further improvement in education programs for military students in regard of diversity management and leadership adjustment.
Fatigue leading to human error: a study based on marine accidents
Authors:   Mircea cel Batran Naval Academy, MATES R
Published: November 2021

The maritime field is, like many other fields, an interrelationship between technology and the human factor. And as it is predictable, the human factor holds the leading role. As Dr. Anita M. Rothblum says, „The maritime system is a people system‟, and human errors are often the starting point for different accidents. Among the large array of factors leading to human errors when facing a situation or a decision onboard ship, fatigue is one of the main disruptive cause. The present work aims to analyze the impact of fatigue on crew members in situations leading to accidents
Legal issues encountered by translators and interpreters in Romania, in their activity
Authors: A. L. Istratie-Macarov
Published: November 2021

This article is an analysis of the legal framework which regulates the activity of translators and interpreters in Romania. This is not an exhaustive analysis, since legislation is constantly changing and the activity of each translator is different. However, it covers the main aspects a translator should keep in mind when setting up shop. The article is organized around the main institutions which affect the authorization and the activity of translators and interpreters. The analysis focuses both on activity-specific requirements and on requirements targeting sole traders and companies, which cover, among others, health and safety, fire safety, financial statements and GDPR. Taxation is another point in the analysis. The article has a practical approach, discussing some of the difficulties a translator might face in their daily activity, when dealing with the requirements of the law.
Theoretical and applicative considerations regarding LIDAR
Authors: Vasile Prisacariu
Published: November 2021

LIDAR is a mature method of data acquisition based on the use of light pulses, usually the system is airborne, but there are also terrestrial mobile systems used to map restricted areas or objects. This data acquisition technique is used in the field of topography, engineering, and related fields. LIDAR technique is capable of producing high-precision three-dimensional scalability of scanned objects. LIDAR technique is used to perform atmospheric measurements: determination of the types of pollutants; monitoring atmospheric conditions; determining dust dispersion; permanent monitoring of ozone; measurements of the wind; tracing pollutants from chimneys, etc. This article provides information about theoretical references and a LIDAR application.
The influence of switching actions with redundant components on the main reliability substations
Authors: L. Pană
Published: November 2021

In this paper is presented a substations reliability analysis based upon substation’s component outage or failure modes. The switching actions can be modelled in the reliability evaluation indices we used the three-state model of the substation components (for example circuit breaker). The reliability indices are evaluated using the minimal cut-set method for each components of substation.
Hashing and Message Authentication Code Implementation. An Embedded Approach
Authors: M. Rogobete
Published: November 2021

There are different methods by which a message hashing could be embedded in a communications network, therefore different approaches are described in this research to protect the hash value of a message. The structure of a cryptographically secure function (SHA-512) is presented along with the low-level algorithm sequence. Subsequently is detailed the Hash-based Message Authentication Code (HMAC) produced by concatenating a secret key and message, after which the composite message is hashed. However, the HMAC numerical structure and the specific operating algorithm are explained in detail to the logical gate level. Finally, several considerations regarding the low-level implementation of the code are concluded.
Study on the efficiency of a low-power vertical wind turbine
Authors: P. Popov
Published: November 2021

The present paper addresses the theoretical calculation of electricity production for a low power wind turbine with a vertical shaft, as well as the effective design of the system and the choice of constituent components. In this respect, the calculation have been made on the turbine efficiency at different wind speeds, based on the statistical data of the wind speed in the installation area, taken over a one year period. The design of the entire system has taken into account the characteristics of: the inverter, the controller and the electric accumulators, so that the energy, provided by the wind turbine, been used in a most efficient way.
Electromagnetic compatibility testing procedures of naval radars for installation on board military ships
Authors: I. Ciocioi
Published: November 2021

The electromagnetic environment on board a military ship represents a delimited space in which there are disruptive sources and disturbance receptors. It is defined by the maximum disruptive levels in each point of the specified space. This electromagnetic environment is extremely complex because it is heavily dependent on: the density of the equipment on board, characteristics of installed equipment (frequency bands, power, modulation types, etc.), the design of the ship so that the electromagnetic field intensity within it is as small as possible. In order to install commercial radars on board military ships it is important to determine whether they can be installed in the Electromagnetic environment on board ships. An analysis of the standards of electromagnetic compatibility applied to them may determine whether commercial radars can be installed on board military ships.
General aspects regarding the technique of swimming in the military pentathlon
Authors: I. Sabin Sopa
Published: November 2021

The present article is looking for presenting the particularities of the 50 m swimming with obstacles component of the military pentathlon. We presented the components of the race and all the obstacles present in this competition, and also we tried to analyse the technique of swimming between the obstacles that is very important in obtaining good results. The article also present a series of exercises and also training programs that can improve the results of the military pentathlon team.
Study regarding learning tehnics of 50 m obstacle swimming in the military pentathlon
Authors: I. Sabin Sopa
Published: November 2021

Military pentathlon is becoming more and more popular in the field of military sports competitions gathering students from all over the world in practicing sports activities. In our article we analyzed the technique of swimming in the military pentathlon race of 50 m with obstactle swimming. Also we analyzed the tehnicque factors that should be taken in consideration in training the military students for the 50 m swimming with obstacles. We presented the entire composition of the race and also propose a specific training program that should improve the technique of swimming and passing the obstacles in the military 50 m swimming with obstacles.
Development of motricity in naval pentathlon
Authors: C. C. OLARU
Published: November 2021

The technical skills specific to naval pentathlon are largely conditioned by the level of development of certain conditional and coordinative motoric skills, and the level of aptitudes, which plays a very important role. The naval pentathlon, practiced by the military of the naval forces, consists of each athlete passing the following five races: obstacle race, lifesaving swimming race, utility swimming race, amphibious cross-country race, seamanship race. The races have a rich content of swimming related actions, throwing, running, jumping, climbing, shooting and rowing and require from the athlete a complex training.
Device for fusion drilling with simultaneous or follow-up reaming of wells in ice
Authors: Serbin D. V. , Dmitriev A. N. , Vasiliev N. I.
Published: November 2021

The paper deals with a new opening technology for subglacial reservoirs, which ensures environmentally friendly geological exploration. The technology is based on the results of the first openings of the subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica (February 2012 and January 2015). The primary goal of further studies of the subglacial Lake Vostok is to take clean samples of lake water and bottom sediments, which requires direct penetration into the lake. There is a number of conditions to be met in order to conduct further studies of the lake using a clean access well at the Vostok drilling complex. The article summarizes the main results including technological and engineering solutions protected by the patent of the Russian Federation. A detailed consideration is given to a new device for fusion drilling with simultaneous reaming of an ice hole. This device combines two technological processes: drilling due to contact melting, and an increase in the diameter of the well due to the creation of a vortex flow of a continuously heated coolant in the bottomhole zone. The thermal method of ice breaking ensures the ecological cleanliness when opening subglacial reservoirs and is a priority method that favorably differs from the existing ones. The device was named a “thermal drill reamer” (TDR). During the seasonal work of the 64th Russian Antarctic Expedition bench tests of the TDR 132/400 were carried out, the results of which confirmed that the device is capable to ensure 132 mm drilling with simultaneous reaming up to 400 mm.
(Re)placing the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese as “Mek Awang”: Making Chinatown and Heritagising the Peranakan Identities in Kuala Terengganu
Authors: Loo Hong Chuang , Pue Giok Hun , Ong Puay Liu
Published: November 2021

In 2017, the Terengganu Chinese Peranakan Association (TCPA) withdrew its participation in the 4th Annual Terengganu Peranakan Festival (TPF) organised by the Terengganu Chinese Chamber of Commerce and Industry (TCCCI) because of a dispute over the combined term “Mek Awang”. To TCPA members, Mek Awang is a derogatory term, which the Malays used to refer to someone as being “soft”, effeminate, or a cross-dresser. However, TCCCI has appropriated the term Mek Awang and used it as a brand name to promote the festival, and to highlight the “uniqueness” of the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese community. This case is an example of how local cultural terms or practices have been readapted to suit tourism interests. Tourism is often accused of reinventing culture for capital ventures. Consequently, many academics and social critics have come to regard official national heritage sites and heritage tourism with scepticism and disdain. Combining ethnographic data from our in-depth interviews with the Terengganu Peranakan Chinese and our participant observation during the festival, we argue that the dispute over Mek Awang is not only a simple change in reference, but is also an indication of a deeper contemporary global process that affects ethnic minorities and their identities. We conclude that various attempts to commodify the peranakan experiences and culture in Terengganu as well as the intention to place the peranakan as a marketable heritage in Chinatown can be interpreted as attempts to replace a heterogeneous community with a homogeneous, uniform, genetic and identifiable ethnic category with a Peranakan1 (with capital “P”) identity.
Indian Agent Involvement in the Establishment of Permanent Settlement for the South Indian Labouring Community, 1923–1941
Authors: Raman M. Utaman , Sundara Raja Sivachandralingam
Published: November 2021

This article investigates a long-neglected aspect of Indian Malaysian history, namely the Indian Agents of the Government of India to British Malaya. The Indian Agents were representatives of the Indian Government who were appointed under the Indian Immigration Act of 1922 to investigate and report on the state of affairs of Indian communities in the British colonies. The official duties of the Indian Agents in British Malaya were formalised under Section 73 (III) of the Labour Code 1923. Between 1923 and 1941, six Indian Agents were appointed in British Malaya. Throughout their tenure, they focused on and reported extensively on the socioeconomic conditions of the Indian working-class community, particularly south Indian labourers. One problem that came to their attention was the underdevelopment of the community’s permanent settlement in the country. The Federated Malay States (FMS) government did not appear to be concerned about the situation. Similarly, private estate managers reacted indifferently to the issue. Both saw permanent settlement as simply an economic measure to keep the community as a labour force, rather than a way to alleviate their socioeconomic hardships. This article shows how the Indian Agents were able to uncover a range of issues that were impeding the establishment of permanent settlements for south Indian labourers in the FMS. Some of them demonstrated exceptional levels of direct involvement. The article’s primary goal is to assess the degree to which the Indian Agents influenced the overall development of permanent Indian labour settlement.