bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Splenic abscess caused by Streptococcus anginosus bacteremia secondary to urinary tract infection: a case report and literature review
Authors: Wu Hao , Zheng Rui
Published: October 2020

Organ abscesses caused by Streptococcus anginosus are relatively rare. We report the case of an elderly woman with splenic abscess caused by S. anginosus bacteremia after urinary tract infection. An 82-year-old woman had a history of frequency of urination, urgency, and fever with chills for over 10 days prior to admission. An abdominal computed tomography (CT) scan performed in the emergency room revealed a low-density lesion in the spleen, kidney cysts, some exudation around the kidney, and cystitis should be valued. She was treated with ceftriaxone and imipenem/cilastatin. After admission, the blood culture yielded positive results for S. anginosus. A contrast-enhanced abdominal CT scan showed that the low-density lesion previously found in the spleen was smaller than before. After percutaneous drainage of the splenic abscess and treatment with piperacillin/tazobactam based on the antibiotic sensitivity pattern, repeated abdominal CT scan revealed a significant reduction in the low-density lesion. The patient was discharged without recurrence or complications. A systematic review of organ abscess caused by S. anginosus bacteremia was performed. To our knowledge, there has been no report of splenic abscess caused by S. anginosus bacteremia secondary to urinary system tract infection, although urinary tract infections are also an important source.
Long non-coding RNA FOXD2-AS1 promotes cell proliferation, metastasis and EMT in glioma by sponging miR-506-5p
Authors: Zhao Juan , Zeng Xue-Bin , Zhang Hong-Yan , Xiang Jie-Wei , Liu Yu-Song
Published: October 2020

Long non-coding RNA forkhead box D2 adjacent opposite strand RNA 1 (FOXD2-AS1) has emerged as a potential oncogene in several tumors. However, its biological function and potential regulatory mechanism in glioma have not been fully investigated to date. In the present study, RT-qPCR was conducted to detect the levels of FOXD2-AS1 and microRNA (miR)-506-5p, and western blot assays were performed to measure the expression of CDK2, cyclinE1, P21, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)7, MMP9, N-cadherin, E-cadherin and vimentin in glioma cells. A luciferase reporter assay was performed to verify the direct targeting of miR-506-5p by FOXD2-AS1. Subsequently, cell viability was analyzed using the CCK-8 assay. Cell migration and invasion were analyzed using Transwell and wound healing assays, respectively. The results demonstrated that FOXD2-AS1 was significantly overexpressed in glioma cells, particularly in U251 cells. Knockdown of FOXD2-AS1 in glioma cells significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) and regulated the expression of CDK2, cyclinE1, P21, MMP7 and MMP9. Next, a possible mechanism for these results was explored, and it was observed that FOXD2-AS1 binds to and negatively regulates miR-506-5p, which is known to be a tumor-suppressor gene in certain human cancer types. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-506-5p significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT, and these effects could be reversed by transfecting FOXD2-AS1 into the cells. In conclusion, our data suggested that FOXD2-AS1 contributed to glioma proliferation, metastasis and EMT via competitively binding to miR-506-5p. FOXD2-AS1 may be a promising target for therapy in patients with glioma.
Key pathways in prostate cancer with SPOP mutation identified by bioinformatic analysis
Authors: Ding Guanxiong , Sun Jianliang , Jiang Lianhua , Gao Peng , Zhou Qidong , Wang Jianqing , Tong Shijun
Published: October 2020

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a leading adult malignant tumor. Recent research has shown that speckle-type BTB/POZ protein (SPOP) mutant is the top frequently mutated gene in PCa, which makes it an important biomarker. In this paper, we aimed at identifying critical genes and pathways related to SPOP mutation in PCa. Recent The Cancer Genome Atlas data showed that 12% of patients with PCa were SPOP mutant. There were 1,570 differentially expressed genes, and online enrichment analysis showed that these genes were mainly enriched in metabolism, pathways in cancer and reactive oxygen species. INS, GNG13, IL6, HTR5A, SAA1, PPY, CXCR5, CXCL13, CD19 and CCL20 were identified as hub genes. The lower SPOP expression level was associated with poor prognosis. In all, our findings showed that various pathways and genes could play critical roles in SPOP mutation in PCa, providing potential options for individualized treatment.
Crystal structure of 4-ethyl-3-phenylisoquinolin-1(2H)-one, C17H15NO
Authors: Lin Hui-Mei , Peng Jia-Yin , Zou Ting-Guang , Xu Wan-Yi , Tao Yi-Wen , Lai Bao-Long
Published: October 2020

C17H15NO, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 19.197(2) Å, b = 8.0719(8) Å, c = 16.6511(18) Å, α = 90°, β = 100.171(10)°, γ = 90°,V = 2539.6(5) Å3, Z = 8, R

gt
(F) = 0.0416, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.1107, T = 100(1) K.

CCDC no.: 2020262
Crystal structure of ortho-methoxy benzaldehyde, C8H8O2 – a second polymorph and deposition of 3D coordinates
Authors: Maritz Marius , Hosten Eric C. , Betz Richard
Published: October 2020

C8H8O2, tetragonal, P43212 (no. 96), a = 10.9521(5) Å, c = 23.3014(17) Å, V = 2795.0(3) Å3, Z = 16, R

gt
(F) = 0.0317, wR

ref
(F
2) = 0.0883, T = 200 K.
How to validate radiopharmaceuticals management software?
Authors: Léa De Neef , Damien Peyronnet , Blondeel-Gomes Sandy
Published: October 2020

In the context of securing medication management systems (MMS) in healthcare habilities, implementation of an electronic MMS is a priority area of work. The quality requirements for the production of radiopharmaceuticals have increased significantly in the field of radiopharmacy. The deployment of Information Technology (IT) tools is essential to secure the radiopharmaceutical medication use process. The aim of this work is to propose the first consensual tool to validate radiopharmacy software approved by a panel of experts. A literature review was conduced related to the validation of hospital pharmacy software. The Delphi method was chosen for achieving a consensus in this study. Surveys were sent by mail to selected experts involved in the MMS. Twenty-seven replies were recorded (77%) to the first round, and 17 responses were recorded to the second survey. The final tool is a grid with 44 items. We proposed the first consensual tool to validate radiopharmacy software. This tool could be implemented in all French radiopharmacy to improve quality.
Impact of reinforcement on shrinkage in the concrete floors of a residential building
Authors: Raczkiewicz Wioletta , Wójcicki Artur
Published: October 2020

The type of floor in a building object results from the serviceability requirements, technical possibilities, and costs of its implementation. Concrete screeds constituting the structural layer of the floor can be made without reinforcement, with dispersed reinforcement, or reinforced with meshes of various materials. Due to the large surface dimensions, concrete screeds are susceptible to scratches as a result of occurring strains, service loads and unevenness of the floor. There are detailed recommendations on how to make floors, and on the materials used. However, the conditions in which floors are made often differ from those recommended. The article presents the results of measured strains on the surfaces of three screeds constituting the floor layer in a residential building. The screeds, which were made in identical environmental conditions, differed in the type of reinforcement used: steel mesh, dispersed polypropylene fibres, fibreglass mesh. In addition, strain measurements were carried out on concrete and fibre-reinforced concrete specimens made of the mix used to make the screeds. The results allowed the assessment of the effectiveness of the reinforcement used, the impact of environmental conditions on the values, and the analysis of differences in the course of strains in real elements and the specimens.
O AUTOR COMO ARQUIVISTA: MEMÓRIA, PÓS-MEMÓRIA E ARQUIVO EM “O ESPÍRITO DOS MEUS PAIS CONTINUA A SUBIR NA CHUVA”, DE PATRICIO PRON
Authors: Barreto Carla Carolina Moura , Capaverde Tatiana Da Silva
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo analisar o romance autoficcional O espírito dos meus pais continua a subir na chuva (2011), de Patrício Pron, a fim de pensar as relações entre memória, pós-memória, esquecimento, ficção e arquivo. Partindo disso, busca-se compreender como a memória do narrador-personagem é construída e representada, bem como sua relação com o passado histórico argentino, de modo a destacar o caráter arquivístico do romance, que se revela como um arquivo de memórias. Para tanto, utiliza-se como principal base teórica Bergson (2010); Ricoeur (2007); Todorov (2000); Sarlo (2007) e Derrida (2001). Com base nessa discussão teórica, observa-se como memória, história e ficção se unem na obra em um trabalho árduo de rememoração, de reconstituição e de reinvenção da vida e como o narrador, através de seu texto, cumpre um “dever de memória”, ao transmitir a outros o legado de seus antepassados.Palavras-chave: Memória; pós-memória; ficção; arquivo; ditadura militar argentina.
Conservar las memorias como un acto de resistencia y persistencia
Authors: Toro Tamayo Luis Carlos , Acevedo Verónica Mejía , Paton María Cristina
Published: October 2020

El presente texto indaga, desde una perspectiva crítica, en los retos que asumimos en la construcción de un sistema de colecciones al interior del Museo Casa de la Memoria de Medellín – Colombia, y en las formas en las que se decide conservar este acervo documental como un acto de resistencia y persistencia de las memorias que hablan de Conflicto Armado en Colombia.Palabras Clave: Derechos Humanos, archivos, repositorio digital, memorias subterráneas.
International Territorial Dispute Preferences in China and the United States
Authors: Horowitz Shale , Redd Steven B. , Ye Min
Published: October 2020

Within international relations theory, there is significant disagreement on the nature and significance of leaders’ dispute outcome preferences. While many variants of realism assume that such preferences are relatively fixed and homogeneous, both the liberal and the constructivist schools view them as significant variables. This debate remains unresolved because, for the standard large-sample conflict data sets, there are no direct measures of leadership preferences over outcomes in given types of international disputes. Using a conflict bargaining experiment, we ask whether, after controlling for the effects of relative power and initial conditions, leadership preferences have a statistically significant impact. We use two different country samples—from China and the United States—to examine whether the impact of leadership preferences varies internationally. We find that realist-style preferences are a special rather than a general case, and that such differences have significant implications for understanding continuities and changes in Chinese and US foreign policies.
Commentary on Children, Accountability and Justice: Advancing Restorative Justice for Child Soldiers and Child Pirates
Authors: Watkin Ken
Published: October 2020

Jacqueline Salmone’s timely article arguing that the international community should apply a restorative justice approach when dealing child pirates, in the same way their child “soldier” counterparts are treated, sheds a bright light on an area that has largely remained hidden in the shadows. In doing so she presents cogent arguments questioning why the predominate use of retributive justice for dealing with such criminal activity should be privileged over the restorative approach applied to child soldiers that looks to the best interest of the child. As is outlined, the restorative justice approach fosters healing, social reintegration, and serves as a prevention mechanism for re-entry into conflict. It is difficult to argue against these outcomes, and it is not clear why the trial and punishment means applied to adults appears to remain the favoured approach. Notwithstanding the acknowledgement that some children are not faultless and passive victims, it is evident from the article, and especially in respect of its assessment of the “conceptions of childhood”, that the linking of “children” with a purely “retribution” approach seems out of place in the 21st Century. It immediately forces the reader to ask why this has occurred, and what needs to be changed to avoid such a narrow limited view of how child pirates should be treated.
Commentary: Syrian Refugee Children and Mental Health Trauma
Authors: Abuelhassan Rania
Published: October 2020

The Syrian crisis is entering its seventh year, and civilians continue to suffer and bear intolerable unique social consequences resulted of the most aggressive violent phenomena after the Second World War. The Humanitarian Needs Overview (HNO) for 2017 estimates that 6.3 million people are displaced within Syria and more than 6 million are outside the country. The assumptions of the humanitarian response have concluded a total number of 13.5 million people require humanitarian assistance and protection (UN OCHA, 2016).
Commentary: Women’s Empowerment and Addressing Sexual and Gender-Based Violence in the DRC
Authors: Alma Eileen
Published: October 2020

In the last two years, ethnically motivated sexual and gender-based violence rose in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), a country marked with ethnic-based tensions and conflict over the control of its extractive industries over decades. According to the 2018 Report of the United Nations Secretary General to the United Nations, sexualized violence cases emerged and spread in several provinces in 2017 with at least 804 cases of conflict-related sexual violence in this period, affecting 507 women, 265 girls, 30 men and 2 boys. Despite progress by the international community actors to end these abhorrent practices, this marks a significant increase from the previous year and the delay in national elections has exacerbated conflict. Both non-state actors and state actors are identified perpetrators of sexual violence, including the Congolese National Police.
Rape in the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Gendered Approach to the Proliferation of Sexualized Violence Against Children
Authors: Murdoch-Fyke Airianna
Published: October 2020

Gendered and sexualized violence are serious issues plaguing the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC). Sexualized violence promotes patriarchal control over populations and leads to the debasing of women and girls in afflicted regions. Sexualized violence and rape are committed to ethnically cleanse regions, assert patriarchal dominance, and incite fear in affected areas. The utilization of rape serves as an effective tool to force girls into a submissive victimized role and taint the ethnic composition of future populations through forced pregnancies. The proliferation of rape has serious connotations for victims and for communities. Rape damages the social cohesion of regions and forces victims to become social pariahs. Sexualized violence creates long-term psychosocial impairments which limit the victim’s ability to reintegrate into society successfully, and further damages the sense of self that girls, under the age of eighteen, are beginning to develop at the time of their attack.
The Soldiers of Songbun: Militarization, Human Rights Abuse and Childhood Experiences of North Korean Youth
Authors: Steele Peter
Published: October 2020

North Korea is an enigma. The United Nations (UN) states that it is “…without parallel in the contemporary world …” in terms of abuse, exploitation and lack of civil rights. No other rogue state commands the attention and mystique as the isolated nation of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (DPRK). Despite an increasingly prevalent international front, including warming relations with South Korea and the threat of nuclear weapons, everyday citizens remain hidden. Public displays of Olympic cheerleaders or the admittance of “K-Pop” stars across the Korean Demilitarization Zone (DMZ) distract from the widespread human rights abuses and public indoctrination that is second nature in the country. But this is no surprise; In the DPRK, the leader is above all else. While marginalized groups in other countries may be granted a voice by international organizations, the vulnerable in North Korea are obscured in the shadow of the great leader’s actions.
Mating induces early transcriptional response in the rat endosalpinx: the role of TNF and RA
Authors: Zúñiga Lidia M , Andrade Juan-Carlos , Fábrega-Guerén Francisca , Orihuela Pedro A , Velásquez Ethel V , Vidal Elena A , Gutiérrez Rodrigo A , Morales Patricio , Gómez-Silva Benito , Croxatto Horacio B
Published: October 2020

During mating, males provide not only the spermatozoa to fertilize the oocyte but also other stimuli that are essential for initiating and maintaining the reproductive programme in females. In the mammalian oviduct, mating regulates sperm storage, egg transport, fertilization, early embryonic development, and oestradiol metabolism. However, the main molecules underlying these processes are poorly understood. Using microarray analyses, we identified 58 genes that were either induced or repressed by mating in the endosalpinx at 3 h post-stimulus. RT-qPCR confirmed that mating downregulated the expression of the Oas1h and Prim1 genes and upregulated the expression of the Ceacam1, Chad, Chst10, Slc5a3 and Slc26a4 genes. The functional category ‘cell-to-cell signalling and interaction’ was over-represented in this gene list. Network modelling identified TNF and all-trans retinoic acid (RA) as upstream regulators of the mating-induced transcriptional response, which was confirmed by intraoviductal injection of TNF or RA in unmated rats. It partially mimicked the transcriptional effect of mating in the rat endosalpinx. Furthermore, mating decreased RA levels in oviductal fluid, and RA-receptor-gamma (RARG) exhibited a nuclear location in oviductal epithelium in both unmated and mated rats, indicating RA-RARG transcriptional activity. In conclusion, the early transcriptional response regulated by mating in the rat endosalpinx is mediated by TNF and RA. These signalling molecules regulate a cohort of genes involved in ‘cell-to-cell signalling and interactions’ and merit further studies to understand the specific processes activated in the endosalpinx to sustain the events that occur in the mammalian oviduct early after mating.
Variation of Left Atrial Function in Different Stages of Mitral Regurgitation and Its Association With Guidelines-Based Surgical Indication
Authors: Bai Fengming , Cui Lingfei , Li Bo
Published: October 2020

Purpose: The current guidelines associate indications for surgery in mitral regurgitation (MR) with left ventricle size and function. However, there is not enough emphasis in current guidelines on left atrial function, which is thought to be an important factor predicting adverse outcomes in MR. The aim of this study was to investigate the left atrial function at different stages of mitral regurgitation and its value in predicting the indications of mitral valve surgery.
Methods: This was a retrospective study with 163 consecutive chronic primary MR patients who underwent color doppler echocardiography at the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Second People's Hospital between January 2016 and June 2018. All patients were in sinus rhythm, classified into three groups, according the degree of mitral regurgitation. Comparison was made with 30 control patients. Using Simpson’s methods, we recorded maximal left atrial volume, left atrial volume before active contraction and minimal left atrial volume, from which left atrial expansion index, left atrial passive emptying fraction, left atrial active emptying fraction, and the total left atrial emptying fraction were derived.
Results: Left atrial volume was expanded and left atrial emptying fraction was reduced in the mitral regurgitation group. By multivariate analysis, left atrial passive emptying fraction and left atrial active emptying fraction were independent predictors of mitral regurgitation requiring surgery. Using receiver-operating characteristic analysis, left atrial passive emptying fraction <97.4% demonstrated 98% sensitivity and 67% specificity for predicting the presence of surgical indication (area under the curve: 0.91; P < .001).
Conclusion: During mitral regurgitation, left atrial volume increases and functions decrease. The left atrial passive emptying fraction can be used as an additional tool to predict the indications of mitral valve surgery.
Progressive Left Ventricular Hypertrophy After Ozaki Procedure: A Case Report
Authors: Nguyen Trang , Vo Anh , Nguyen Danh , Vu Thanh , Nguyen Dinh
Published: October 2020

We describe a 57-year-old man with symptomatic severe aortic stenosis who underwent aortic valve reconstruction with glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardium with the Ozaki technique (Ozaki procedure). Seven months later, he rapidly developed progressive left ventricular hypertrophy with a left ventricular outflow tract obstruction. This required a reoperation for septal myectomy.
Plasma Membrane Fusion Is Specifically Impacted by the Molecular Structure of Membrane Sterols During Vegetative Development of Neurospora crassa
Authors: Weichert Martin , Herzog Stephanie , Robson Sarah-Anne , Brandt Raphael , Priegnitz Bert-Ewald , Brandt Ulrike , Schulz Stefan , Fleißner André
Published: October 2020

Cell-to-cell fusion is crucial for the development and propagation of most eukaryotic organisms. Despite this importance, the molecular mechanisms mediating this process are only poorly understood in biological systems. In particular, the step of plasma membrane merger and the contributing proteins and physicochemical factors remain mostly unknown. Earlier studies provided the first evidence of a role of membrane sterols in cell-to-cell fusion. By characterizing different ergosterol biosynthesis mutants of the fungus Neurospora crassa, which accumulate different ergosterol precursors, we show that the structure of the sterol ring system specifically affects plasma membrane merger during the fusion of vegetative spore germlings. Genetic analyses pinpoint this defect to an event prior to engagement of the fusion machinery. Strikingly, this effect is not observed during sexual fusion, suggesting that the specific sterol precursors do not generally block membrane merger, but rather impair subcellular processes exclusively mediating fusion of vegetative cells. At a colony-wide level, the altered structure of the sterol ring system affects a subset of differentiation processes, including vegetative sporulation and steps before and after fertilization during sexual propagation. Together, these observations corroborate the notion that the accumulation of particular sterol precursors has very specific effects on defined cellular processes rather than nonspecifically disturbing membrane functioning. Given the phenotypic similarities of the ergosterol biosynthesis mutants of N. crassa during vegetative fusion and of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells undergoing mating, our data support the idea that yeast mating is evolutionarily and mechanistically more closely related to vegetative than sexual fusion of filamentous fungi.
PURIFICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ENDOGLUCANASE PRODUCED FROM Streptomyces sp. STRAINBPNG23
Authors: BETTACHE Azzeddine , Estelle Copinet , Azzouz Zahra , Boucherba Nawel , Bouiche Celia , Hamma Samir , Maibeche Rima , Duchiron Francis , Benallaoua Said
Published: October 2020

Streptomyces sp. strain BPNG23 produces five endoglucanases: endo1, endo 2, endo 3, endo 4 and endo 5.The endo2 has been purified and characterized by two subsequent purification steps with ultrafiltration and anion exchange chromatography. The specific activity of the endoglucanase has been found to be 380.65 U/mg. The molecular weight to the endoglucanase 2 has been estimated with sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, revealing that this isoenzyme is a 66 KDa monomeric enzyme. It showed an optimum temperature and pH values respectively of 6.0 and 50 °C. It was thermostable, it exhibited a half-life time 6 h with a temperature of  50 °C, the enzyme was activated by several metal ions Mn+2, NH4+, Zn2+, Ca2+, Fe2+, Ni2+ and  Co2+. It presents a higher affinity towards carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) with a Km of 6.37 mg/mL and Vmax of 0.056 μmol/mn. This the first of a study of purification and characterization of an endoglucanase produced by a newly isolated actinobacteria strain in Kabylia region (Algeria).
Relevanz ist alles: Algorithmen im Intranet
Authors: Sternberg René
Published: October 2020

Durch den Einzug elektronischer Verbreitungsmedien in den Alltag spielen einerseits der Ort und die Zeit in der Kommunikation eine kontinuierlich geringere Bedeutung. Mitarbeiter leiden deshalb nicht mehr an Informationsdefiziten, sondern an Informationsüberflutungen. In diesem Beitrag soll dargestellt werden, wie in der Praxis in Intranets durch Algorithmen versucht wird, die Informationsüberflutung einzudämmen. Hierzu wird eine soziologische Herangehensweise gewählt, wobei nicht der Aushandlungsprozess von Algorithmen in den Fokus gerückt wird, sondern die Ideen hinter Algorithmen,und wie diese sich auf organisatorische Strukturen und alltägliche Praktiken auswirken. Die folgenden Bemerkungen basieren auf 27 Experteninterviews, die mit der dokumentarischen Methode ausgewertet wurden. Angereichert werden diese durch eigene Projekterfahrungen der vergangenen 2,5 Jahre, die ich in Unternehmen und öffentlichen Diensteinrichtungen gesammelt habe.
Auswirkungen des Smartphonegebrauchs auf soziale Interaktionen
Authors: Vogelgesang Alina
Published: October 2020

Der Smartphonegebrauch durchdringt immer umfassender alltägliche Handlungsweisen, sodass direkte soziale Interaktionen auch davon beeinflusst werden. Es stellt sich die Frage, wie sich dies auf Gesprächssituationen auswirkt. Der vorliegende Text setzt eine wechselseitige Beeinflussung und Bedeutungszuschreibung von Akteuren voraus, vor dem Hintergrund einer gemeinsamen Sinn-Konstitution in Konversationen. Es wird untersucht, welche Wirkung durch den Smartphonegebrauch beobachtbar ist, wenn die aufeinander bezogene Aufmerksamkeit nicht mehr vorauszusetzen ist. Im Ergebnis wird festgehalten, dass die Smartphone-Nutzung in der Face-to-Face-Interaktion eine Unterbrechung der Kommunikation auslösen und je nach Intensität und Dauer eine damit einhergehende Verletzung der Norm von gegenseitiger Anerkennung und schließlich auch eine Gefährdung der Konstituierung des sozialen Selbst der Gesprächspartner hervorrufen kann. Dieses Ungleichgewicht wird wiederum mit Hilfe des Smartphones selbst gelöst, indem es als Substitut für die ausbleibende Bestätigung genutzt werden kann.
Zwischen Realität und Virtualität – Memet_innen im Schwebezustand des Doing Meme
Authors: Hondros Konstantin
Published: October 2020

Wer „Meme“ sagt, denkt an weltberühmte Bilder oder Videos, an Katzen mit Toast am Kopf oder „Lolcat“-Bilder von süßen und orthographisch ungeschickten Katzen,an „be like Bill“, an „Dennis after Dentist“. Es besteht die Annahme Memes seien kommunikative Mittel des Internets und im Wesentlichen kommunikative Mittel sozialer Medien. Der Artikel geht versuchsweise und vereinfachend von zwei Ebenen in Bezug auf Memes aus. Die eine Ebene wird als Realität des Memes bezeichnet und beschreibt den Schaffensprozess einer Ausformung eines Memes. Die zweite Ebene ist die „Virtualität des Memes“ und meint den digitalen Zusammenhang in Netzwerkmedien. Der Artikel analysiert wie Möglichkeiten von Memes durch die Verknüpfung von Virtualität und Realität einen Schwebezustand zwischen den Welten einzunehmen, um so die „große, weite Welt“ handhabbar zu machen, während die eigene Wirklichkeit transformiert wird, entfalten sie ihre ansteckende Wirkung, die sie so besonders auszeichnet.
Radikal Online - Das Internet und die Radikalisierung von Jugendlichen
Authors: Knipping-Sorokin Roman , Stumpf Teresa
Published: October 2020

Der Beitrag befasst sich mit dem Einfluss des Internets auf Meinungsbildungsprozesse in Gestalt von Radikalisierung Jugendlicher in Deutschland. Dafür wird in einer metaanalytischen Vorgehensweise das Forschungsfeld zu Online-Radikalisierung im deutschen Forschungsdiskurs, ergänzt durch relevante internationale Befunde, genau sondiert und aufgeschlüsselt. Wie sich zeigt, ist das bestehende Wissen dazu äußerst bruchstückhaft; lediglich einzelne Facetten wurden im komplexen Zusammenwirken vieler Faktoren eines Radikalisierungsverlaufs bisher untersucht. Um mehr über die Hintergründe zu Online-Radikalisierung Jugendlicher zu erfahren, besteht die Notwendigkeit eines interdisziplinären und multimethodischen Vorgehens, zu dem insbesondere die Kulturanthropologie mit ihren Methoden und emischen Perspektiven auf lebensweltliche Zusammenhänge einen wichtigen Beitrag leisten kann. Die vorliegende Metaanalyse bietet neben einer theoretischen Fundierung und begrifflichen Einordnung eine strukturierte Statusaufnahme und Auswertung der aktuellen Forschungslandschaft zu der Rolle des Internets auf die Radikalisierung von jungen Menschen. Die Arbeit identifiziert Erkenntnisse und zeigt aktuelle Forschungsdesiderata auf. Die vorliegende Studie bietet somit einen systematischen Überblick über die deutsche Forschungslandschaft und kann als Grundlage für weitere Forschung auf diesem Bereich genutzt werden.
A neurotrofikus tropomiozin receptor-tirozin-kináz génfúziót tartalmazó daganatok diagnosztikai megközelítése
Authors: Lippai Zoltán , Sápi Zoltán
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:

A neurotrofikus tropomiozin receptor-tirozin-kináz (NTRK-)
géncsalád tagjai (NTRK1, NTRK2, NTRK3) által kódolt tropomiozin
receptor-tirozin-kináz fehérjék (TrkA, TrkB, TrkC) fiziológiásan elsősorban az
idegsejtek fejlődéséért, éréséért, működéséért felelősek. Az
NTRK-géncsaládot érintő genetikai eltérések, melyek a
leggyakrabban kromoszomális transzlokáció következtében jönnek létre, számos
rosszindulatú daganat kialakulásához vezethetnek. Egyes, kifejezetten ritka
daganatokban nagyon nagy gyakorisággal fedezhető fel valamelyik
NTRK-fúziós gén létrejötte, mint például az infantilis
fibrosarcoma, a congenitalis mesoblastos nephroma vagy a secretoros carcinoma,
míg egyes gyakori daganatokban – vastagbélrák, tüdőrák – bár kisebb
frekvenciával, de szintén megjelenhet. Az utóbbi időben vizsgált, rendkívül
magas válaszadási aránnyal alkalmazott ’target’ terápia miatt az
NTRK-fúziós gének diagnosztikája még nagyobb jelentőségűvé
vált. A cikk összegzi mindazokat a diagnosztikai eljárásokat s azok előnyeit,
illetve hátrányait, melyeknek szerepük van az NTRK-géneltérések
felderítésében, valamint ezek alapján további diagnosztikai megfontolásokat
fogalmaz meg, melyek segíthetnek egy adott esetben a megfelelő diagnosztikai
módszer megválasztásában. Orv Hetil. 2020; 161(41): 1753–1763.
Heg nélküli pajzsmirigyműtét – a TOETVA mint új eljárás a hazai pajzsmirigysebészetben
Authors: Lévay Bernadett , Oberna Ferenc
Published: October 2020

Absztrakt:

Bevezetés és célkitűzés: A pajzsmirigyműtétek során a nyakon jól
látható és nehezen takarható heg keletkezik, mely a páciensek életminőségét
hosszú távon befolyásolhatja. Az elmúlt két évtizedben számtalan, minimálisan
invazív műtéti behatolást dolgoztak ki, amelyek méretben csökkentették, vagy
kevésbé látható régióba helyezték a pajzsmirigyműtétek hegeit. A módszerek
sokszínűsége azt jelzi, hogy egyik eljárás sem tudta megfelelően biztosítani az
elvárt klinikai és kozmetikai eredményt. A természetes testnyílásokon keresztül
végzett műtétek látható heg nélküli gyógyulást eredményeznek. A szájüregi
behatolásból kidolgozott műtétek közül a szájon (vestibulum oris) keresztüli
thyreoidectomia (TOETVA – transoral endoscopic thyroidectomy vestibular
approach) bizonyult a legbiztonságosabb és legjobb eredményt adó műtéti
eljárásnak. Indikációs területét a kisebb méretű cisztás pajzsmirigylebenyek,
göbös lebenyek, kisebb méretű papillaris carcinoma, valamint a
mellékpajzsmirigy-adenoma adják. Módszer: Az Országos
Onkológiai Intézet Fej-nyaki Daganatok Multidiszciplináris Központjában 2018.
06. 12. és 2020. 02. 18. között 7 betegen végeztünk pajzsmirigyműtétet szájon
keresztüli behatolásból, endoszkópos technikával. A szövettani vizsgálat 4
esetben papillaris carcinomát, 2 esetben follicularis adenomát, illetve 1
esetben benignus kolloid göböt véleményezett. Az 10–30 mm-es képletek
eltávolítása 1 esetben isthmectomiával, 6 esetben lobectomiával történt.
Eredmények: Műtét során 2 esetben kényszerültünk vérzés
miatti konverzióra. Az 5, endoszkópos műtét végén drént nem helyeztünk be,
betegeinket az 1. posztoperatív napon hazabocsátottuk. A két, konvertált műtétes
pácienst a 2. posztoperatív napon, a nyaki drén eltávolítását követően
emittáltuk. A daganatok eltávolítása a hisztológia alapján megfelelt az
onkológiai elveknek, a nervus recurrens sérülését vagy egyéb szövődményt nem
észleltünk. Az átlagos műtéti idő 127 perc volt. Következtetés:
A TOETVA a pajzsmirigy-eltávolítás egyetlen olyan műtéti módszere, amely külső
heggel nem jár, keloidképződést nem okoz. 15–20 műtétben adják meg a tanulási
fázist, mely után a műtéti idő csökken. Biztonságos és eredményes
kivitelezéséhez azonban nagyszámú nyitott pajzsmirigyműtétet végzett,
endoszkópos sebészetben is gyakorlott specialista szükséges. Orv Hetil. 2020;
161(41): 1764–1768.
VIVÊNCIAS SUBJETIVAS DE FAMILIARES QUE CUIDAM DE IDOSOS DEPENDENTES
Authors: Gutierrez Denise Machado Duran , Sousa Girliani Silva de , Figueiredo Ana Elisa Bastos , Ribeiro Maria de Nazaré Souza , Diniz Cleisiane Xavier , Nobre Guiomar Alegria Souza Silva
Published: October 2020

Objetivou-se compreender os sentidos subjetivos atribuídos pelos cuidadores familiares de idosos dependentes ao cuidado ofertado no domicílio, por meio de uma investigação qualitativa multicêntrica que reúne entrevistas em profundidade com 84 cuidadores familiares em oito localidades no Brasil. Utilizou-se o referencial teórico metodológico hermenêutico-dialético. Na leitura das entrevistas emergiram as seguintes categorias que serviram de base para as análises: 1. Movimentos de inibição de emoções e sentimentos; 2. Presença de processos de simbiose e de dependência emocional na relação idoso e familiar; 3. Contentamento em cuidar do idoso dependente e 4. Renúncia a projetos de vida atuais e futuros. Os resultados apontam vivências marcadas por processos de simbiose, dependência emocional e estresse psíquico. A dependência gera sofrimento e sentimentos de desespero, impotência, impaciência, mas também solidariedade e empatia. A renúncia ao trabalho profissional, a desvalorização social da atividade de cuidador familiar, o isolamento social, o cuidado “descuidado” de si e conflitos familiares influenciam a subjetividade dos cuidadores. A formulação de políticas públicas precisa considerar as vivências socioafetivas dos cuidadores familiares de idosos dependentes para nelas incluir o cuidado de quem cuida.
DE-AFRICANIZATION ABOUT NEGRERIAS OF THE MANTARO VALLEY-PERU
Authors: Yangali Vargas Jorge Luis
Published: October 2020

El mayor número de danzas de Negritos en el Perú no es ejecutado por afrodescendientes, sino por mestizos e indígenas; quienes en los últimos años vienen desenmascarándose. El objetivo del estudio es analizar la desafricanización de estas manifestaciones folklóricas, para lo cual se aplicó la revisión histórica y la observación etnográfica de las negrerías en diciembre y enero de los años 2018, 2019 y 2020 en el centro del Perú (en especial el valle del Mantaro). Este artículo ensaya sobre los cambios que en ellas se vienen produciendo. Se concluye que la población africana llegó como esclava, pero después de la abolición no se quedó, ni se territorializó en la sierra peruana, sino que dejaron a la población andina las posibilidades de enmascararse para representarlos e identificarse con la discriminación y explotación que en este nuevo siglo se está resignificando.
DOENÇAS CRÔNICAS NÃO TRANSMISSÍVEIS E SUAS IMPLICAÇOES NA VIDA DE IDOSOS DEPENDENTES
Authors: Bastos Figueiredo Ana Elisa , Flores Ceccon Roger , Cunha Figueiredo José Henrique Cunha Figueiredo
Published: October 2020

Este estudo tem como objetivo investigar as implicações das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis em idosos dependentes. Trata-se de um estudo multicêntrico com abordagem qualitativa em que foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com 59 idosos dependentes que tinham diagnóstico de doença crônica. Para a análise das informações, utilizou-se a técnica da Análise Temática. A maioria dos idosos era do sexo feminino, da raça branca, com baixa escolaridade e vivia com a filha. Todos faziam tratamento medicamentoso e as doenças cardiocirculatórias foram as mais prevalentes. As implicações das doenças crônicas se manifestam no uso de medicamentos, que também se constituem como fator de risco; na condição da dependência e na vivência com doenças crônicas, que denotam em maior uso dos serviços de saúde; no alto impacto econômico das doenças crônicas para as famílias e para o Estado; e na precariedade da renda familiar, que condicionam os idosos a contarem com poucos dispositivos de apoio social e comunitário.
Does SARS-CoV-2 Infect the Kidney?
Authors: Khan Shaza , Chen Lihe , Yang Chin-Rang , Raghuram Viswanathan , Khundmiri Syed J. , Knepper Mark A.
Published: October 2020

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The Effect of Factors Related to Poor Sleep Quality on Renal Failure Progression in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease
Authors: ERKUŞ Edip , GÜNEY İbrahim
Published: October 2020

Aim:
In recent years, limited studies have been attempted to characterize the quality of sleep in patients with predialysis CKD, and the evidence has shown that insufficient sleep time or poor-quality sleep lead to the progression of CKD. In this study, we aimed to determine the factors related to poor sleep quality in chronic kidney patients and evaluate the effects of these factors on renal progression.
Materials and Methods:
Patients with pre-dialysis CKD (E3-E5) over 18 years of age who did not have cardiovascular disease, obstructive sleep apnea, and active infection, started to be followed between June 2015 and November 2015, were included in the study. The sleep quality of these patients was measured using the Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI). At the end of the 4-year follow-up, the primary outcomes of the patients were accepted as ESRD, ESRD + mortality, and progression (25 ml/min reduction in GFR).
Results:
Of the 179 patients followed in the study, 107 (59.8%) had good sleep quality, 72 (40.2%) had poor sleep quality. In the Binary Logistic Regression analysis performed to detect independent markers of poor sleep quality; old age and female gender were found to be independent predictors of poor sleep quality. It was found that poor sleep quality did not affect renal progression conditions such as ESRD, ESRD + Mortality, and GFR≥ 25 ml/min decrease.
Conclusion:
As a result, we determined that age and female gender are independent determinants of poor sleep quality and poor sleep quality increases mortality.
Physical fitness and nutritional anthropometric status of children from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region
Authors: Smith Danielle , Adams Larissa , Du Randt Rosa , Degen Jan , Gall Stefanie , Joubert Nandi , Müller Ivan , Nqweniso Siphesihle , Pühse Uwe , Steinmann Peter , Utzinger Juerg , Walter Cheryl , Gerber Markus
Published: October 2020

Background: Information about the relationships between physical fitness, body composition and nutrition has increased in recent years; however, little is known about physical fitness and the coexistence of under-/overnutrition among children living in disadvantaged areas.

Objectives: To determine the physical fitness status and its association with body composition, growth and selected socio- demographics in primary schoolchildren from disadvantaged communities in the Nelson Mandela Bay region.

Methods: Nine hundred and sixty-five children (49% girls, M=9.5 years) participated in this cross-sectional study. Height and weight were measured to establish body mass index, and height-for-age z-scores. Physical fitness was assessed using tests from the Eurofit Physical Fitness test battery (flexibility, upper/lower body muscular strength and cardiorespiratory fitness). Between- group differences and cross-sectional associations were examined with univariate (Chi2-tests, analyses of variance) and multivariate methods (mixed linear/logistic regression).

Results: Most children had normal weight (76.7%), while 4.5% were underweight and 18.7% were overweight/obese. Underweight children and children with stunted growth (11.5%) had lower average upper body strength (p<0.001). Overweight/obese children had lower scores in weight-bearing activities (p<0.001). Children with higher socio-economic status were more likely to be overweight and obese (p<0.001). In the multivariate analyses, sex, age, body mass index, and stunting were associated with children’s physical fitness.

Conclusion: Fitness assessments seem to be a relevant measure of the current health status of children in disadvantaged settings. Compared to international norms, the children in this study had relatively low scores for both upper- and lower body muscular strength. Therefore, effective school-based intervention programmes should be developed to improve children’s physical fitness in disadvantaged schools.
The Content and Convergent Validity of Hirebright Cognitive Ability Test (H-CAT) as pre-employment measure in South Africa
Authors: Swanepoel Lizette , Grobler Yolanda , De Klerk Susan
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION: Occupational therapists perform assessment of cognitive abilities, including executive functions, in adults in a variety of practice fields. In vocational rehabilitation, these assessments are performed to determine how impairment in cognitive ability impacts on occupational performance. Executive function is understood to be cognitive processes associated with inhibitory control, working memory, cognitive flexibility, planning, reasoning and problem solving. The Hirebright Cognitive Ability Test (H-CAT), a general cognitive ability measuring instrument developed for pre-employment screening, has not been validated for clinical use in South Africa METHODOLOGY: The aim of this study was two-fold: first, to evaluate the content validity of the H-CAT through content expert rating and item-objective congruency (IOC). Secondly, the researchers evaluated the convergent validity of the H-CAT through correlating scores of the H-CAT with an existing measure, the Raven Standard Progressive Matrices (SPM), using retrospective data from the Hirebright database RESULTS: Item-objective congruency calculation yielded results indicating acceptable content validity (IOC values from 0.60 to 0.80) in the majority of the items (43/45) in the H-CAT. In a sample of N=20, correlation of the Raven SPM raw scores and the H-CAT raw scores yielded evidence (r = 0.89; p = 0.00) for convergent validity Key words: general cognitive ability, executive function, content validity, convergent validity
Nanostructures of PAMAM Dendrimers in Drug Delivery System for 5-Fluorouracil
Authors: Haghighi Fatemeh , Morsali Ali , Bozorgmehr Mohammad R. , Beyramabadi S. Ali
Published: October 2020

In this article, we studied five noncovalent structures for adsorption of 5 fluorouracil drug (5 FL) on poly(amidoamine) G0 generation dendrimer (PAMAMG0) carrier using M06-2X and B3LYPfunctionals. We investigate the quantum molecular descriptors and the binding and solvation energies in gas phase and aqueous solution. The energetic stability of non-bonded species (PAMAMG0/5-FL1-5) was shown through evaluation of binding free energies. The solvation free energies of PAMAMG0/5-FL1-5 are negative, indicating that the solvation process is spontaneous. We considered quantum molecular descriptors such as electrophilicity power and global hardness and found reduced toxicity of 5-FL drug near PAMAMG0 carrier as well as facilitated drug release. The AIM (Atoms In Molecule) analysis for all PAMAMG0/5-FL1-5 structures demonstrated that the pseudo-hydrogen and hydrogen bonds are essential in the functionalization of PAMAMG0 with 5-FL drug. We found thatthe structure in which 5-FL drug interacts with CO functional groups of PAMAMG0 is the most stable configuration
Acoustic Emission Leak Detection on a Technological Pipeline
Authors:   Latvian Maritime Academy Riga, Latvia, Carjova Kristine , Banov Mukharbiy , Vinogradovs Leonids , Strautmanis Guntis , Irbe Ineta
Published: October 2020

Leak detection is one of the main tasks of pipeline inspection, as the extension of pipelines usually requires a pipeline repair capability. Reliable and fast detection of fluid leaks in pipelines is extremely important for seaports, where their branched system is located. The most frequent locations of pipeline leakages are seam weldings and flanged joints, which are most exposed to plastic deformation. The aim of this study was to detect leaks in a technological pipeline connecting two vertical bitumen storage tanks. Based on the spectral analysis of acoustic emission signals (AE), a characteristic picture of the pipeline micro-damage process course (leakage, delamination, cracking, rupture, etc.) was obtained.
Construcción y validación del instrumento Equidad Laboral NOGOCO, en docentes de Institutos Tecnológicos Superiores de Quito Ecuador
Authors: Noroña Salcedo Darwin Raúl , González Baltazar Raquel
Published: October 2020

Objetivo: Construir y validar un instrumento de medición de percepción de equidad laboral en docentes.

Métodos: Se realizó un estudio mixto secuencial derivativo cuali-cuantitativo. Se consiguió describir y caracterizar estas experiencias en razón de 23 listados de códigos agrupados en 7 categorías. Con esta aproximación de la población y definición de la equidad laboral, se diseñó el instrumento de equidad laboral NOGOCO. Se redactaron 147 ítems que corresponden a los segmentos de códigos más frecuentes en las entrevistas a profundidad, asegurando su validez lógica y de contenido. Se aplicaron estas preguntas a 735 docentes para el análisis de fiabilidad del alpha de Cronbach. Se realizó el análisis de constructo con: la reducción factorial de los ítems, prueba de KMO y de esfericidad de Barlett con rotación varimax.

Resultados: El análisis de fiabilidad del Alpha de Cronbach fue de 0.97; la correlación del elemento total corregido permitió confirmar 44 ítems y descartar 103. Con el análisis factorial exploratorio, los ítems se agruparon en 10 factores que explican el 46.5% de la varianza total acumulada. La adaptación de la escala se calculó con base a los percentiles 33 y 66. Los factores finales del Instrumento NOGOCO fueron: autoritarismo, equidad de las remuneraciones, trato a las personas, reconocimiento, igualdad, dedicación, interés en la gente, justicia, discriminación y salud.

Conclusión: El instrumento NOGOCO, es el primer instrumento de medición de percepción de la equidad laboral con validez de contenido, consistencia interna y de constructo.