bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
DEFINING THE UTILITY AND MARKET VALUE OF A REAL ESTATE: A MULTIPLE CRITERIA APPROACH
Authors: Kaklauskas Artūras , Zavadskas Edmundas K. , Banaitis Audrius , Šatkauskas Gintautas
Published: December 2018

This paper considers the application of methodology for the defining the utility and market value of a real estate. The theoretical basis of the methodology is developed. The proposed methods, the method of multiple criteria complex proportional assessment (COPRAS) and the method of defining the utility and market value of a real estate assume the dependence of priority, utility degree and value of investigated versions on a system of criteria adequately describing the alternatives and their direct proportionality to the values and weights of these criteria. The procedure of the defining the utility and market value of a real estate is discussed using an example.

Daugiakriterinis nekilnojamojo turto naudingumo laipsnio ir vertės nustatymas

Santrauka

Straipsnyje aprašomas daugiakriterinis nekilnojamojo turto naudingumo laipsnio ir vertes nustatymas pagal autoriųsiūlomus metodus: daugiakriterini kompleksinio proporcingo įvertinimo ir daugiakriterini naudingumo laipsnio ir vertes nustatymo metodą. Nagrinėjamųnekilnojamojo turto variantu prioritetiškumas ir reikšmingumas tiesiogiai ir proporcingai priklauso nuo alternatyvas adekvačiai apibūdinančiu kriterijų sistemos, kriterijų reikšmių ir reikšmingumu dydžiu. Naudingumo laipsnis rodo suinteresuotu grupių pasiektu tikslu lygi. Todėl juo remiantis nustatoma nekilnojamojo turto verte. Atsižvelgus i visu analizuojamu nekilnojamojo turto alternatyvu naudingumo laipsnius, skaičiuojama konkretaus nekilnojamojo turto (alternatyvos) verte. Remiantis pateiktais metodais, buvo nustatyta vienbučio gyvenamojo namo rinkos verte.
Non-parametric Estimation of Evolution of the Quasar Luminosity Function
Authors: Caditz David M.
Published: December 2018

Parametric analyses of the quasar luminosity function (QLF) commonly assume a double-power-law (DPL) parametric model undergoing luminosity and/or density evolution with redshift. The best-fit DPL models tend to favor luminosity evolution with break luminosity evolving close to a curve of constant flux on the absolute magnitude–redshift parameter space, at least up to redshift z ∼ 2. While such evolution may be intrinsic to the population, it can also be explained by a bias affecting DPL models fit to truncated data sets. Non-parametric analyses may avoid this bias; however, the most common non-parametric procedures do not provide direct estimates of QLF evolution. This work discusses three non-parametric estimators designed to estimate QLF evolution. When applied to the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey data set, these estimators indicate a somewhat slower evolution than has been reported for DPL-based parametric analyses.
Bacidia albogranulosa (Ramalinaceae, lichenized Ascomycota), a new sorediate lichen from European old-growth forests
Authors: Malíček Jiří , Palice Zdeněk , Vondrák Jan , Łubek Anna , Kukwa Martin
Published: December 2018

A sterile sorediate member of the genus Bacidia s.str., B.albogranulosa, is described here as a new species. It is characterised by its very thin, pale grey thallus, white, farinose to granular soredia, the production of atranorin and the absence of ascomata and pycnidia. It grows on slightly acidic to subneutral bark of broad-leaved trees in old-growth forests in the Czech Republic, Poland, Ukraine and Russia (European part of the Caucasus). The new species is well characterised by its morphology, secondary chemistry and molecular (nrITS, mtSSU) traits. It is closely related to other atranorin-containing species in the genus, Bacidiadiffracta, B.polychroa and B.suffusa.
Credit claiming et réformes imbriquées
Authors: Bedock Camille
Published: December 2018

Resume Cet article illustre comment l’usage inductif du process tracing permet d’analyser l’issue finale d’une série de réformes de la démocratie : le quinquennat et la modification du calendrier électoral en France (2000-2001) et les réformes électorale et constitutionnelle en Italie (2003-2006). Basés sur un raisonnement inductif et une méthode séquentielle, les résultats présentés montrent concrètement comment le process tracing peut être utilisé pour faire apparaître deux mécanismes causaux : le credit claiming , et donc la diversité des intérêts des acteurs ; et les réformes imbriquées et la manière dont elles permettent de construire le consensus dans une majorité divisée.
L’antiromantisme des premiers réalistes : originalités et contradictions
Authors: Castagnès Gilles
Published: December 2018

Les « premiers réalistes », ou « réalistes de la sincérité », autour de Courbet, Champfleury et Duranty, mettent en place dans les années 1850 les bases théoriques d’un mouvement qui se développera tout au long du siècle, jusqu’au naturalisme. Pendant une dizaine d’années, ils s’attaquent sans relâche aux écoles qui les ont précédés, et tout particulièrement au romantisme. Leur antiromantisme virulent a des fondements esthétiques, éthiques, politiques et sociaux, mais leurs prises de position sont souvent paradoxales. Imprégnés de la philosophie de Proudhon, partisans de la démocratie et de l’émancipation du peuple, ils tournent pourtant le dos au prolétariat et à tout un pan de la société moderne en refusant de s’intéresser aux changements qui marquent leur époque. Contestataires, révolutionnaires dans leurs écrits, ils ne peuvent se détacher d’un fond conservateur solidement ancré chez eux. Leur antiromantisme, indissociable d’un antiféminisme et d’un antimodernisme, les rapproche alors, de façon inattendue, de la droite nationaliste du début du xx e  siècle.
Detection of Human Facial Parts Using Viola-Jones Algorithm in Group of Faces
Authors: Kulkarni Narayan , Sutagundar Ashok V.
Published: December 2018

Face detection is an image processing technique used in computer system to detect face in digital image. This article proposes an approach to detect faces and facial parts from an image of a group of people using the Viola Jones algorithm. Face detection is used in face recognition and identification systems. Automatic face detection and recognition is most challenging and a fast-growing research area in real-time applications like CC TV surveillance, video tracking, facial expression recognition, gesture recognition, human computer interaction, computer vision, and gender recognition. For face detection purposes various techniques and methods are applied in a computer system. In proposed system, a Viola Jones algorithm is implemented for multiple faces and facial parts and detected with a high rate of accuracy.
Gravity from 60° N to the North Pole
Authors: Sobczak L W
Published: December 2018

Three free-air gravity anomaly maps for the Arctic region north of 60°N are presented. The maps show the gravity field derived from mean values based on observed and predicted data, the field based on calculated satellite gravity data, and the residual
gravity field derived by removing the satellite gravity field from the observed field. The satellite map shows regional gravity anomalies with widths of 1000 km or more. The residual anomaly map and the map compiled from observed and predicted data outline gravity anomalies with widths ranging from
100 km to 1000 km. The smaller wavelength of the latter provides information on the locations of anomalous sub-surface structures and major density - lithological variations within the crust and mantle. Gravity highs straddle the polar continental breaks of North America, Svalbard, Scandinavia, and
Greenland and are present over submarine ridges (Lomonosov, Alpha and Mid-Atlantic) and plateaus (Chukchi, Morris Jesup and Yermak). Many of these highs are simply a reflection of positive sea-bottom topography, but those along the continental margins are believed to indicate regions of
uncompensated sediments. Extensive gravity lows which correlate with regions of generally high relief, such as northern Greenland and southeastern Alaska and adjacent Yukon, probably indicate that these regions are overcompensated by either a thicker crust or less dense crust and mantle than normal.
Gravity lows over the Canada, Makarov, and Fram Basins may be indicative of the thick low density sediments present there. Over central Greenland a belt of steep gradients separates a relatively negative region of anomalies to the north from a more positive gravity field to the south and suggests
significant changes in either the thickness of the crust or in the lithologies and densities of the crust and mantle in this region.
Arctic geophysical review - a summary
Authors: Sweeney J F , Coles R L , DeLaurier J M , Forsyth D A , Irving E , Judge A
S , Sobczak L W , Wetmiller R
J
Published: December 2018

Seismic refraction experiments, magnetotelluric soundings and analyses of the magnetic anomaly field indicate tha1 the continental shelves bordering the Arctic Ocean are covered by sedimentary sequences that are 2 km to over 10 km thick. Similar data indicate
that the Chukchi Plateau is a continental fragment composed largely of sedimentary material. The presence of thick sedimentary loads may be responsible for the free-air gravity anomaly highs and the low-level seismicity along parts of the North American polar margin. The Arctic abyssal plains are
covered by a 0.5 to 6 km thick subhorizontally bedded sedimentary carpet. The seismically active Nansen-Gakkel Ridge is composed of a series of narrow peaks and troughs with up to 2.5 km of relief. Heat flow values over the ridge are typical of actively accreting margins but the associated magnetic
anomaly amplitudes are less than expected. The magnetic anomaly pattern over the Greenland end of the ridge indicates that spreading rates have been slow ( <10 nun/a) over the last 20 Ma with little evidence of transform offsets greater than a few kilometres. Seismic reflection results
and magnetotelluric soundings together with heat flow and magnetic anomaly data suggest that the Lomonosov Ridge is composed of stratified sedimentary units. Magnetic anomalies over the Alpha Ridge are of high amplitude and the sediment-corrected relief of the ridge is 2900 ± 500 m. The Arctic
Ocean basin originated during Early Cretaceous time when the Arctic-Alaska plate (northern Alaska and the Chukotsk Peninsula) rotated 70 degrees anticlockwise away from Arctic Canada and thereby opened the Amerasia Basin. This major rotation resulted from the compression between the Arctic-Alaska
and Eurasia plates that was a consequence of the early opening of the North Atlantic about a pole in northern Greenland. The margins of the Arctic-Alaska plate developed along existing zones of weakness. This compressional regime could have produced the Alpha and Mendeleev Ridges by sea-floor
buckling or by subduction. Alternatively, the ridges could be continental fragments or volcanic accumulations left in the wake of the rotating Arctic-Alaska plate. The present relief of the Alpha Ridge precludes it being a spreading centre during Late Cretaceous time. At this time sediments began to
accumulate within the Amerasia Basin. In Late Cretaceous-Early Tertiary time the pole of rotation for the opening of the North Atlantic moved into northeastern Siberia. The Lomonosov Ridge is a fault block of continental crust rifted from the polar shelf of Eurasia as a new accreting margin
developed. Sea-floor spreading activity has been intermittent, and the Nansen-Gakkel Ridge is the recent location of the accreting margin.
Evolutionary transformation of the journal. Part 5
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: December 2018

The article outlines the fifth phase of the development of the journal Studia Historiae Scientiarum (previous name Prace Komisji Historii Nauki PAU / Proceedings of the PAU Commission on the History of Science). A new journal website has been created. The information has been provided on the journal indexing and its availability in libraries around the world, the number of foreign authors, and the number of journal reviewers.
Ewolucyjna transformacja czasopisma. Część 5
Authors: Kokowski Michał
Published: December 2018

It is outlined the fifth phase of the development of the journal Studia Historiae Scientiarum (previous name Prace Komisji Historii Nauki PAU / Proceedings of the PAU Commission on the History of Science). A new journal website has been created. The information on the journal indexing and its availability in libraries around the world, the number of foreign authors, and the number of journal reviewers has been provided.
People against the challenges of the era: The English Department at the Jagiellonian University (1945–1952) – an outline of the problem
Authors: Pudłocki Tomasz
Published: December 2018

This article provides a brief history of the English Department at the Jagiellonian University from 1945 to 1952. It presents the members of the staff and discusses their background and responsibilities as well as problems they faced in the new post-war reality. After the death of Prof. Roman Dyboski, the founder and first Head of the Department, and the arrest of his successor, Prof. Władysław Tarnawski, formerly affiliated with the University of Lvov, the staff were mainly of junior academic ranks, with no involvement in any serious research. Despite that and despite a perennial shortage of space and problems with logistics, the number of students enrolling in the English studies programme would increase each year making the Department grow in size and scope. Thanks to the help of the New York Kosciuszko Foundation, the Department received a collection of several thousands of books, a few young American grantees of the Foundation joined the teaching staff, and some of the outstanding academics and students (e.g. Przemysław Mroczkowski and Alfred Reszkiewicz) obtained funding support to study or conduct research abroad. For ideological reasons, however, Poland’s authorities closed the programme, which ultimately led to the closure of the Department in 1952.
Plato scholars and their research in the collection of letters to Lewis Campbell (1830–1908)
Authors: Mróz Tomasz
Published: December 2018

The paper presents Lewis Campbell (1830–1908), his research on Plato, and the collection of letters sent to this Scottish scholar by: James Martineau (1805–1900), William Hepworth Thompson (1810–1886), Paul Shorey (1857–1934), Wincenty Lutosławski (1863–1954), Eduard Gottlob Zeller (1814–1908), Franz Susemihl (1826–1901), and Theodor Gomperz (1832–1912). This collection supplements the knowledge of the research on Plato’s dialogues at the turn of the 20th century, since Plato scholars in their letters touched on the issues relating to the methods and results of the research on the chronology of Plato’s dialogues. They made judgements concerning the works of other academics, they sent to each other their own publications, and reported on the progress of their studies. They also did not shy away from making personal remarks and communicating personal reflections.
Piotr Flin (1945–2018) – In Memoriam
Authors: Maślanka Krzysztof
Published: December 2018

In this note we present brief curriculum vitae and scientific achievements of the recently deceased astronomer Piotr Flin.
Principal component analysis of summertime ground site measurements in the Athabasca oil sands with a focus on analytically unresolved intermediate-volatility organic compounds
Authors: Tokarek Travis W. , Odame-Ankrah Charles A. , Huo Jennifer A. , McLaren Robert , Lee Alex K. Y. , Adam Max G. , Willis Megan D. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D. , Mihele Cristian , Darlington Andrea , Mittermeier Richard L. , Strawbridge Kevin , Hayden Katherine L. , Olfert Jason S. , Schnitzler Elijah G. , Brownsey Duncan K. , Assad Faisal V. , Wentworth Gregory R. , Tevlin Alex G. , Worthy Douglas E. J. , Li Shao-Meng , Liggio John , Brook Jeffrey R. , Osthoff Hans D.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. In this paper, measurements of air pollutants made at a ground site near Fort
McKay in the Athabasca oil sands region as part of a multi-platform campaign
in the summer of 2013 are presented. The observations included measurements
of selected volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by a gas chromatograph–ion
trap mass spectrometer (GC-ITMS). This instrument observed a large,
analytically unresolved hydrocarbon peak (with a retention index between 1100
and 1700) associated with intermediate-volatility organic compounds (IVOCs).
However, the activities or processes that contribute to the release of these
IVOCs in the oil sands region remain unclear. Principal component analysis (PCA) with varimax rotation was applied to
elucidate major source types impacting the sampling site in the summer of
2013. The analysis included 28 variables, including concentrations of total
odd nitrogen (NOy), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane
(CH4), ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur
dioxide (SO2), total reduced-sulfur compounds (TRSs), speciated
monoterpenes (including α- and β-pinene and limonene),
particle volume calculated from measured size distributions of particles less
than 10 and 1 µm in diameter (PM10−1 and PM1),
particle-surface-bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pPAHs), and aerosol
mass spectrometer composition measurements, including refractory black carbon
(rBC) and organic aerosol components. The PCA was complemented by bivariate
polar plots showing the joint wind speed and direction dependence of air
pollutant concentrations to illustrate the spatial distribution of sources in
the area. Using the 95 % cumulative percentage of variance criterion, 10
components were identified and categorized by source type. These included
emissions by wet tailing ponds, vegetation, open pit mining operations,
upgrader facilities, and surface dust. Three components correlated with
IVOCs, with the largest associated with surface mining and likely caused
by the unearthing and processing of raw bitumen.
Modelling the biogeochemical effects of heterotrophic and autotrophic N2 fixation in the Gulf of Aqaba (Israel), Red Sea
Authors: Kuhn Angela M. , Fennel Katja , Berman-Frank Ilana
Published: December 2018

Abstract. Recent studies demonstrate that marine N2 fixation can
be carried out without light by heterotrophic N2 fixers
(diazotrophs). However, direct measurements of N2 fixation in
aphotic environments are relatively scarce. Heterotrophic as well as
unicellular and colonial photoautotrophic diazotrophs are present in the
oligotrophic Gulf of Aqaba (northern Red Sea). This study evaluates the
relative importance of these different diazotrophs by combining
biogeochemical models with time series measurements at a 700 m deep
monitoring station in the Gulf of Aqaba. At this location, an excess of
nitrate, relative to phosphate, is present throughout most of the water
column and especially in deep waters during stratified conditions. A relative
excess of phosphate occurs only at the water surface during nutrient-starved
conditions in summer. We show that a model without N2 fixation can
replicate the observed surface chlorophyll but fails to accurately simulate
inorganic nutrient concentrations throughout the water column. Models with
N2 fixation improve simulated deep nitrate by enriching sinking
organic matter in nitrogen, suggesting that N2 fixation is
necessary to explain the observations. The observed vertical structure of
nutrient ratios and oxygen is reproduced best with a model that includes
heterotrophic as well as colonial and unicellular autotrophic diazotrophs. These
results suggest that heterotrophic N2 fixation contributes to the
observed excess nitrogen in deep water at this location. If heterotrophic
diazotrophs are generally present in oligotrophic ocean regions, their
consideration would increase current estimates of global N2
fixation and may require explicit representation in large-scale models.
Simulating the Climate Response to Atmospheric Oxygen Variability in the Phanerozoic
Authors: Wade David C. , Abraham Nathan Luke , Farnsworth Alexander , Valdes Paul J. , Bragg Fran , Archibald Alexander T.
Published: December 2018

Abstract. The amount of dioxygen (O2) in the atmosphere may have varied from as little as 10 % to as high as 35 % during the Phanerozoic eon (541 Ma–Present). These changes in the amount of O2 are large enough to have lead to changes in atmospheric mass, which may alter the radiative budget of the atmosphere, leading to this mechanism being invoked to explain discrepancies between climate model simulations and proxy reconstructions of past climates. Here we present the first fully 3D numerical model simulations to investigate the climate impacts of changes in O2 during different climate states using the HadGEM3-AO and HadCM3-BL models. We show that simulations with an increase in O2 content result in increased global mean surface air temperature under conditions of a pre-industrial Holocene climate state, in agreement with idealised 1D and 2D modelling studies. We demonstrate the mechanism behind the warming is complex and involves trade-off between a number of factors. Increasing atmospheric O2 leads to a reduction in incident shortwave radiation at Earth's surface due to Rayleigh scattering, a cooling effect. However, there is a competing warming effect due to an increase in the pressure broadening of greenhouse gas absorption lines and dynamical feedbacks, which alter the meridional heat transport of the ocean, warming polar regions and cooling tropical regions. Case studies from past climates are investigated using HadCM3-BL which show that in the warmest climate states, increasing oxygen may lead to a temperature decrease, as the equilibrium climate sensitivity is lower. For the Maastrichtian (72.1–66.0 Ma), increasing oxygen content leads to a better agreement with proxy reconstructions of surface temperature at that time irrespective of the carbon dioxide content. For the Asselian (298.9–295.0 Ma), increasing oxygen content leads to a warmer global mean surface temperature and reduced carbon storage on land, suggesting that high oxygen content may have been a contributing factor in preventing a Snowball Earth during this period of the early Permian. These climate model simulations reconcile the surface temperature response to oxygen content changes across the hierarchy of model complexity and highlight the broad range of Earth system feedbacks that need to be accounted for when considering the climate response to changes in atmospheric oxygen content.
Mars submillimeter sensor on microsatellite: sensor feasibility study
Authors: Larsson Richard , Kasai Yasuko , Kuroda Takeshi , Sato Shigeru , Yamada Takayoshi , Maezawa Hiroyuki , Hasegawa Yutaka , Nishibori Toshiyuki , Nakasuka Shinichi , Hartogh Paul
Published: December 2018

Abstract. We present a feasibility study for a submillimeter instrument on a small Mars
platform now under construction. The sensor will measure the emission from
atmospheric molecular oxygen, water, ozone, and hydrogen peroxide in order to
retrieve their volume mixing ratios and the changes therein over time. In
addition to these, the instrument will be able to limit the crustal magnetic
field, and retrieve temperature and wind speed with various degrees of
precision and resolution. The expected measurement precision before spatial
and temporal averaging is 15 to 25 ppmv for the molecular oxygen mixing
ratio, 0.2 ppmv for the gaseous water mixing ratio, 2 ppbv for the hydrogen
peroxide mixing ratio, 2 ppbv for the ozone mixing ratio, 1.5 to
2.5 µT for the magnetic field strength, 1.5 to 2.5 K for the
temperature profile, and 20 to 25 m s−1 for the horizontal wind
speed.
Juventudes e ensino médio: direitos humanos e ensino para a diversidade
Authors: Fiuza Fialho Lia Machado , Sousa Francisca Genifer Andrade de , Lopes Tânia Maria Rodrigues
Published: December 2018

Este artigo visa compreender os conhecimentos de educadores do Ensino Médio concernentes aos direitos humanos e à diversidade, bem como as práticas educativas que envolvem essa temática com vistas à formação cidadã das juventudes, público estritamente marcado pela heterogeneidade. Para atender aos objetivos, realiza-se uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo do tipo estudo de caso com oito docentes do Ensino Médio público do Ceará selecionados aleatoriamente. A metodologia consiste na história oral temática, sendo os dados coletados mediante entrevistas híbridas – gravadas, transcritas, textualizadas e validadas – complementadas com o diário de campo. Constata-se que os professores não costumam associar tais construtos à prática docente, resultado possivelmente da ausência da discussão dessa temática na formação inicial e da inexistência de formação continuada. Além de escassas, quando há menção ao respeito às diferenças, tolerância e condutas pacíficas, a abordagem é insuficiente, dada a carência de materiais didáticos e o pouco realce pelos currículos quanto à abordagem desses temas em sala. Evidencia-se que, apesar das situações conflituosas entre os jovens, não há formação em direitos humanos, pois a docência desenvolvida pelos educadores do Ensino Médio enfatiza os conteúdos livrescos e a preparação para o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio.
Covenant in the Persian Period
Authors: Schweitzer Steven , Dozeman Thomas B. , Burt Sean , Knowles Melody D. , Römer Thomas , Bautch Richard J. , Knoppers Gary N.
Published: December 2018

The recent publication, Covenant in the Persian Period: From Genesis to Chronicles, edited by Richard J. Bautch and Gary N. Knoppers (Eisenbrauns, 2015), contains 22 essays on the topic of covenant within various Hebrew Bible texts. The six articles published here reflect interactions in a review session of the SBL Chronicles–Ezra–Nehemiah Section in November 2016. The essays were distributed among four reviewers (Thomas Dozeman, Sean Burt, Melody Knowles, and Thomas Römer). The two editors offered responses. The scope of this engagement enhances the value of the volume for those working on covenant and on these texts.
Willingness to Pay for Family Health Insurance: Evidence from Baglung and Kailali Districts of Nepal
Authors: Acharya Devaraj , Devkota Bhimsen , Adhikari Ramesh
Published: December 2018

INTRODUCTION: The Government of Nepal introduced a health insurance programme in three districts in 2016. However, it seems that there has not been systematic evidence on whether the current contribution amount (CCA) needed for enrolling in health insurance (HI), is acceptable for those who are willing to enroll. This article aims to assess the respondents' willingness to pay (WTP) for HI.

METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 810 randomly selected households in Baglung and Kailali districts and the data was collected using a validated schedule. The socio-demographic characteristics were considered as independent and the WTP as dependent variables respectively. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis were performed.

RESULTS: Of the total respondents, 74 percent expressed that they could pay nearly three times as much as the CCA. Mean differences in WTP for HI were observed in terms of districts (p<0.001), sex of the respondents (p<0.01), household headship (p<0.05), mother tongue (p<0.001), wealth status (p<0.001), presence of chronic diseases in the family(p<0.05), enrollment in HI(p<0.01), exposure to the radio/FM(p<0.05) and TV(p<0.01), and access to health facilities (p<0.01). The lieklyhood of WTP for HI were lower in Kailali than in Baglung (b= –0.178, p<0.001); with females than with males(b= –0.076, p<0.05); and with the age group £37 years than > 37 years(b= –0.090, p<0.05).

CONCLUSION: The WTP for HI was nearly three times as high as the CCA for all health services if available to them. More than one fourth of the respondents did not know about HI. Therefore, appropriate interventions are needed for awareness raising which may support the WTP as well as enrollment in HI.
Lessons from a Single Jurisdiction with Two Governments
Authors: Percival Richard
Published: December 2018

Lessons from a Single Jurisdiction with Two Governments: Governments and the Initiation of Law Reform in England and Wales

This article sets out the centrality of government to the initiation of law reform in respect of the (England and Wales) Law Commission and the Scottish Law Commission (and by extension, those law reform agencies based on the British model), and then considers in the light of recent experience how the existing approach works in the unique context of a single jurisdiction – England and Wales – which now has two governments – the UK Government for England, and the devolved Welsh Government. Having identified shortcomings, the article makes suggestions for improved institutional arrangements to meet the particular law reform needs of Wales.
Judging Reformers and Reforming Judges
Authors: Lee James
Published: December 2018

Judging Reformers and Reforming Judges

This article examines the practice and limits of judicial law reform. In particular, I consider the question of when initiation of a reform is appropriate for the judiciary as opposed to the legislature, an issue which has been a matter of controversy amongst the Justices of the United Kingdom Supreme Court. This question is assessed in the light of the institutional and constitutional competences of the courts, particularly with respect to the structure of common law reasoning. It is also argued that it is important to have regard to perspectives of the relevant judges, in understanding the individual and collective approaches to the judicial development of the law.
Law Reform in a Federal System
Authors: Cronin Kathryn
Published: December 2018

Law Reform in a Federal System – The Australian Example

The Australian law reform arrangements comprise a ‘crowded field’ of law reformers. These include permanent, semi-permanent and ad hoc commissions, committees and inquiries charged with examining and recommending reform of Commonwealth/federal and state laws. These are supplemented by citizen-led deliberative forums on law reform. The author’s experience in her roles as a commissioner and deputy president of the Australian Law Reform Commission (ALRC) and also as counsel assigned to advise the Joint Standing Committee on Migration in the Australian Federal Parliament highlighted facets of Australian law reform – the particular role of a law commission working in a federal system and the co-option of legal expertise to scrutinize law reforms proposed within the parliamentary committee system.
La enseñanza de lenguas no maternas en la era de las migraciones: la importancia de las biografías lingüísticas
Authors: García Parejo Isabel , Ambadiang Theóphile
Published: December 2018

Aunque el concepto de ‘identidad’ ha estado en el centro del debate sobre el aprendizaje de una L2, su disociación de la capacidad de decisión de los sujetos (‘agentividad’) tiene el efecto de simplificar aquella en exceso y permite una conceptualización no problemática del proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje de la L2. A partir de datos obtenidos de cuestionarios administrados a inmigrantes adultos procedentes de Rumanía, Marruecos, Guinea Ecuatorial y otros países del Africa subsahariana que viven en Madrid, se sugiere que el concepto de ‘agentividad’ es crucial en cualquier reflexión antropológica sobre el aprendizaje de una segunda lengua ya que subyace a la identidad y la motivación, está mediado por lo que Schiffman (2006) denomina ‘cultura lingüística’ y, además, está íntimamente asociado a la alteridad.
La lectura en los manuales para la enseñanza del español como lengua extranjera a inmigrantes
Authors: Villanueva Roa Juan de Dios , Rodrigo Victoria
Published: December 2018

La labor de todo profesor de ELE y de los manuales usados para enseñar la lengua meta, debe permitir acelerar el proceso de adquisición. La investigación ha constatado que la lectura es una de las maneras más efectivas para afianzar este proceso ya que expone al alumno al modelo de lengua que se pretende adquirir de manera natural y significativa.  Este artículo analiza el tratamiento de la lectura en manuales de español para inmigrantes, y lo hace desde dos perspectivas, la teórica y la práctica. La primera, presenta los fundamentos teóricos, los beneficios de la lectura y los factores que intervienen en la comprensión de un texto, poniendo hincapié en qué se debe hacer y cómo se debe tratar la lectura para que sea relevante y promueva la adquisición de la lengua. La segunda, es un estudio comparativo donde se analiza qué se hace y cómo se practica esta destreza en tres manuales de lengua española utilizados en las aulas de inmigrantes que saben leer y escribir en su primera lengua, pero que tienen un bajo o nulo conocimiento de nuestra lengua. Dos de estos libros son de texto, mientras que el tercero es material on line al alcance de todos. Hacemos un recorrido por el tratamiento de la lectura y, de forma inevitable, por la escritura en estos manuales, llegando a las conclusiones derivadas del estudio comparativo entre ellos en la evolución de dicho tratamiento en los aspectos que nos parecen fundamentales.
Investigación multidisciplinar para la integración del alumno inmigrante en contextos escolares
Authors: Fernández López María del Carmen
Published: December 2018

En el trabajo se reflexiona sobre conceptos básicos para la integración escolar del alumnado inmigrante y se presentan instrumentos diseñados para la investigación en contextos escolares con el objetivo de mejorar la atención que se ofrece a los alumnos que acceden al sistema educativo desde lenguas y culturas diferentes a la de instrucción. Se ofrece un acercamiento multidisciplinar basado en la información que aportan corpus primarios de datos y herramientas de información actualizables, con el fin de realizar propuestas metodológicas adecuadas a las necesidades presentes en las aulas de la enseñanza obligatoria.
Requests: strategies used by native and non native Spanish speakers
Authors: Ruiz Alonso Cristina
Published: December 2018

Communicative approach allows for basing second languages teaching on situations and pragmatics studies. Keeping this topic in mind, a research is been carrying out where it is been analysed an email corpus among university professor and students in order to observe the ways they use to produce a request. Therefore, we have collected different signs from Spanish, Italians and French students in order to analyze what are the similarities and the differences among the speech acts from each group in Spanish as first and second language.
Real-time Visualization of Breast Carcinoma in Pathology Specimens From Patients Receiving Fluorescent Tumor-Marking Agent Tozuleristide
Authors: Dintzis Suzanne M. , Hansen Stacey , Harrington Kristi M. , Tan Lennart C. , Miller Dennis M. , Ishak Laura , Parrish-Novak Julia , Kittle David , Perry Jeff , Gombotz Carolyn , Fortney Tina , Porenta Stephanie , Hales Lisa , Calhoun Kristine E. , Anderson Benjamin O. , Javid Sara H. , Byrd David R.
Published: December 2018

Context.—

Resection of breast carcinoma with adequate margins reduces the risk of local recurrence and reoperation. Tozuleristide (BLZ-100) is an investigational peptide-fluorophore agent that may aid in intraoperative tumor detection and margin assessment. In this study, fluorescence imaging was conducted ex vivo on gross breast pathology specimens.

Objectives.—

To determine the potential of tozuleristide to detect breast carcinoma in fresh pathology specimens and the feasibility of fluorescence-guided intraoperative pathology assessment of surgical margins.

Design.—

Twenty-three patients received an intravenous bolus dose of 6 or 12 mg of tozuleristide at least 1 hour before surgery. Fifteen lumpectomy and 12 mastectomy specimens were evaluated for fluorescence by the site's clinical pathology staff using the SIRIS, an investigational near-infrared imaging device. The breast tissue was then processed per usual procedures. Fluorescent patterns were correlated with the corresponding hematoxylin-eosin–stained sections. Clinical pathology reports were used to correlate fluorescent signal to grade, histotype, prognostic marker status, and margin measurements.

Results.—

Tozuleristide fluorescence was readily observed in invasive and in situ breast carcinoma specimens. Most invasive carcinomas were bright and focal, whereas in situ lesions demonstrated a less intense, more diffuse pattern. Tozuleristide was detected in ductal and lobular carcinomas with a similar fluorescent pattern. Fluorescence was detected in high- and low-grade lesions, and molecular marker/hormone receptor status did not affect signal. Fluorescence could be used to identify the relationship of carcinoma to margins intraoperatively.

Conclusions.—

Tumor targeting with tozuleristide allowed visual real-time distinction between pathologically confirmed breast carcinoma and normal tissue.
Floral biology and pollination of carpet weeds, Glinus lotoides L. and Glinus oppositifolius (L.) Aug. DC. (Molluginaceae)
Authors: Sulakshana Maddala , Raju Aluri Jacob Solomon
Published: December 2018

Glinus lotoides y G. oppositifolius son hierbas rastreras, esparcidas, anuales. En ambas, las flores son muy pequeñas, actinomorfas, bisexuales, protandradas, herkogamosas y facultativamente autógamas. Ambas especies exhiben antesis sincrónica y flores masivas para atraer a los polinizadores. Las abejas, hormigas, mariposas y trips polinizan las flores. La hercogamia excluye la autogamia espontánea, pero el evento de cierre de la flor facilita esta autogamia. En ambas especies, el fruto es una cápsula con semillas escrotiformes con estrofiolo; anemocoria, ombrohidrocoria e hidrocoria son funcionales. Las semillas germinan inmediatamente si el suelo tiene humedad. Las especies Glinus con fotosíntesis C3, autogamia facultativa y polifilia son capaces de crecer en hábitats secos y húmedos.

Glinus lotoides and G. oppositifolius are prostrate, spreading, annual herbs. In both, the flowers are very small, actinomorphic, bisexual, protandrous, herkogamous and facultatively autogamous. Both species exhibit synchronous anthesis and display flowers en masse to attract pollinators. Bees, ants, butterflies and thrips pollinate the flowers. Herkogamy precludes spontaneous autogamy but flower closing event facilitates autogamy. In both species, the fruit is a capsule with scrotiform strophioled seeds; anemochory, ombrohydrochory and hydrochory are functional. The seeds germinate immediately if soil has moisture. Glinus species with C3 photosynthesis, facultative autogamy and polyphily are able to grow in dry and moist habitats.
Flora and vegetation of the central-eastern Torcalense subsector: Sierra de Chimenea and Cerro del Águila (Malaga, Spain)
Authors: Pavón-Núñez Manuel , Pérez-Latorre Andrés Vicente
Published: December 2018

Se da a conocer la flora, la vegetación y la sectorización biogeográfica de la Sierra de Chimenea y Cerro del Águila (Málaga, España), hasta ahora inéditas. El catálogo florístico consta de 404 taxones y se han estudiado 45 comunidades vegetales, 18 de ellas figuran en la Directiva 92/43UE. A nivel biogeográfico, la zona de estudio presenta similitudes con el subsector Torcalense Oriental. La información aportada podría utilizarse a favor de la posible inclusión de este territorio en la ZEC del Torcal de Antequera.

The objective of this article is to study the flora, the vegetation and the biogeographic sectorization of the Sierra de Chimenea and Cerro del Águila (Málaga, Spain), until now unpublished. The floristic catalogue consists of 404 taxa and 45 plant communities have been studied, 18 of them are listed in Directive 92/43UE. At the biogeographical level, the study area shows similarities with the subsector Torcalense Oriental. The information provided could be used in favour of the possible inclusion of this territory in the ZEC del Torcal de Antequera.
Establishing the Boundaries and Building Bridges: Research Methods Into the Ecology of the Refugee Parenting Experience
Authors: Williams Nombasa
Published: December 2018

This article discusses the suitability of the focus group method for conducting research early in post-resettlement among refugee parents and carers in South Australia. This method was employed to uncover the refugee parenting experience in pre-resettlement contexts. There were three refugee focus groups, consisting of a Sudanese women’s group, an African men’s group, and an Afghani and Iraqi women’s group. To illustrate each group’s differential parenting ecologies in milieus of forced migration ecological matrixes were devised which are presented in the results section. An ecological matrix was also developed to unpack, code and analyse transcripts. The matrix was designed to include categories and actions so as to construct meaning units and subsequent condensed meaning units to determine the concluding themes. These provided an analytical framework with which to illuminate the constructed meanings participants attributed to their refugee parenting experiences. The findings provide insights into the ecology of the refugee parenting experience and might be of considerable importance for Australian resettlement services and state systems of child protection seeking to develop culturally appropriate and relevant services.
Analysing group interaction in focus group research: Impact on content and the role of the moderator
Authors: Grønkjær Mette , Curtis Tine , De Crespigny Charlotte , Delmar Charlotte
Published: December 2018

Interaction between group participants is considered the distinct advantage and hallmark of focus group research. It is therefore necessary to include the social interaction dynamics in analysing focus group data. Little information is however available on analysis of the social interaction in the group and the analytical outcome for the content of the data. This paper contributes to the discussion of the value of participant interaction in focus group research by analysing sequences of interaction collected recently during a research project. This project utilized focus groups to investigate the perceptions and meanings of alcohol use in Denmark. As a frame for analysing group interaction, elements of conversation analysis were used. The aim of this paper is to illustrate group interaction and its impact on the content of focus group data, and highlight the role and some of the challenges posed by group interaction for moderating the focus group discussion. The interaction analyses led to the construction of four interactional events: Negotiating and constructing normality in interaction, disagreement and/or consensus, homogeneity and the impact on interaction and content, and coming to and making sense of a dead-end (including the risk of hierarchical issues). The interactional events are followed by considerations on the impact they may have on the role of the moderator.
“No, Gender doesn’t make a Difference…?” Studying Negotiations and Gender in Organizations
Authors: Bloksgaard Lotte
Published: December 2018

This article focuses on methodological challenges and strategies with regard to studying gender in organizations. Work organizations are often thought, theorized and talked about as gender-neutral arenas and, therefore, gender is often seen as irrelevant and of no importance in modern work-life. There is also often a discrepancy in relation to gender between discourse and practice, which makes it difficult to capture the significance of gender in organizations by the interview method alone. On the basis of two empirical studies, focusing on the significance of gender in negotiations of wage and parental leave in the work place, the article explores some of the challenges and complexities involved when researching gender as a social category of difference, which produces inequalities in organizations. Furthermore, the article demonstrates and discusses how applying and combining different methods and research strategies – for example following specific negotiations to a conclusion - provide insight into the production of gender in discourse and practice at the work place level. Thus, the article argues that reflexivity and methodological plurality are important when studying gender in work organizations.
Health Care Professionalism Without Doctors
Authors: Møller Marie Østergaard
Published: December 2018

The article uses the organization of health houses in Denmark as a case to study the relationship between spatial surroundings and professionalization. The question is whether these new local health houses comprise an alternative to the medical view on health or ––even in the absence of the hospital–– script the professionals to identify themselves as agents from the medical field? In this article, macro-structural theory is combined with micro-relational theory in order to identify how macro structures such as professionalization nest the way social interaction takes place in concrete spatial situations and surroundings. The argument put forward is that we need to identity this process at the level of the individual in order to qualify and anchor our understanding of professionalization as a macro phenomenon. The empirical basis is two dissimilar locations (health houses), selected from a larger qualitative data set of interviews with health professionals and citizens and observations of health houses, originally selected from a nationwide survey. The presented analysis zooms in on selected places and situations and relates analyses to the overall picture of differences and similarities identified in the larger sample. The analysis shows how entrances, receptions, information screens and coffee tables not only design houses, but also script styles of interaction between health professionals and citizens as well as they work as signs creating expectations about professional roles and how to reflect and act as a professional in a given physical and social setting. The main finding is that spatial surroundings facilitate processes of identification and counter-identification crucial to a new kind of health professionals such as the ones under study here.
Tributos sobre a propriedade no Brasil: o descompasso entre os preceitos constitucionais e a realidade tributária
Authors: Buffon Marciano , Barcellos Vinicius De Oliveira
Published: December 2018

O presente artigo busca compreender os motivos para o desacordo entre o texto constitucional e a realidade do sistema tributário brasileiro, tendo em vista a baixa arrecadação de tributos sobre a propriedade e a regressividade do sistema tributário. Para tanto, adotar-se-á o método hermenêutico fenomenológico. Mediante a análise dos principais pressupostos do dever fundamental de pagar tributos, definem-se as premissas de um sistema tributário adequado, em especial a aplicação da capacidade contributiva e da progressividade fiscal, confrontando-o com o sistema ora vigente, para que seja possível elencar alguns dos problemas do sistema atual, bem como compreender algumas das restrições que ainda existem quanto a uma maior incidência dos tributos incidentes sobre a propriedade. Conclui-se, então, que no Estado Democrático de Direito, a tributação deve servir de meio a concretização dos objetivos constitucionais, através da devida aplicação da capacidade contributiva. Contudo, há entraves quanto a aplicação de tal princípio nos tributos sobre a propriedade, de ordem doutrinária, jurisprudencial e política, o que impede a concretização dos preceitos constitucionais. Tais entraves precisam ser superados.
Sumário Bilingue
Authors: Table of Contents Bilingual
Published: December 2018

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A relativização da quitação da verba indenizatória no contrato de agência à luz do direito brasileiro
Authors: Siqueira Marcelo Sampaio , Siqueira Natercia Sampaio
Published: December 2018

Debruça-se, neste artigo, sobre a declaração de quitação plena após pagamento de verba indenizatória em rescisão de contrato de representação comercial visando avaliar a possibilidade de sua relativização. Para tanto, analisa-se o problema mediante a seguinte ordem de consideração: abordagem dos principais elementos do contrato de representação; relação entre igualdade, mercado, boa-fé objetiva, função social da propriedade e justiça aristotélica; resolução do problema à luz do Direito Civil brasileiro, a partir da dignidade da pessoa humana como elemento sistêmico integrador. Ao final, posiciona-se pela relativização da quitação, no sentido de que não possui força liberatória absoluta.