bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radio frequency identification based electronic voting machine using fingerprint module
Authors: Malathy V , Shilpa N , Anand M , Elavarasi R
Published: December 2020

Radio frequency identification (RFID) based electronic voting machine (EVM) with fingerprint module overcomes the challenges of wired electronic voting. Finger print module is to authenticate the voters. In this paper the system is constructed with microcontroller, Liquid Crystal Display (LCD), RS232 cable, RFID reader, RFID tag, fingerprint module and buzzer alarm. Dishonest voting will be avoided if the government uses the biometric based system. The details of all voters with their fingerprint will be stored in the database. Database is kept in microcontroller. Microcontroller verifies the voter by comparing the database during polling. If a person with RFID comes for second time voting, immediately the buzzer gives sound. The RFID base EVM will reduce time consumption. When compared to the existing voting system, the system in this paper is expected to be fast and reliable. The voters’ details will not be revealed out. For every polling end, the button should be pressed for getting the number of votes polled.
Review on EEG-BCI classification techniques advancements
Authors: Janapati Ravichander , Dalal Viswas , Govardhan N. , Gupta Rakesh Sen
Published: December 2020

A BCI is a system of hardware and software integrated as an interface between the brain and the computer. A BCI translates the EEG signals, originating from the brain, into computer commands, commands that help the user interact with the external real world in a useful manner. The possibility that EEG signals can translated into any open-ended computer command, opened endless possibility. What a person can do with EEG-based BCI is now just limited by imagination. This paper will discuss advances in the practical aspects of different classifiers for EEG-based BCI, as well as the theoretical advances in signal processing and user relevance of these advance in EEG-based BCI in real-time applications.
Microcontroller Based Monitoring and Controlling of LPG Leaks Using Internet of Things
Authors: Anuradha P , Arabelli Rajeshwar Rao , Rajkumar K , Ravichander J
Published: December 2020

This paper aims to monitor LPG gas leakage continuously at home or in industry. In the event of gas leakage, this information will be updated via IoT communication to the web browser. The user can continuously monitor the data using IoT. The gas sensor that can detect LPG gas is called the MQ06 sensor. IoT, the LPG leak detection system in Arduino senses LPG gas using a LPG gas sensor. This project implements LPG gas sensor interfacing with Arduino. The signal is sent to the Arduino microcontroller from this sensor. A LED, buzzer and IOT module (ESP8266) are connecting the microcontroller. The design for the IoT LPG leak detector implemented using the ESP8266 chip. This Wi-Fi module is designed to connect microcontrollers to a Wi-Fi network and to connect to TCP / IP and send data. Emotion data is then sent to the IoT. The IoT module sends data to the web. The detector is switched on when a gas leak is detected and a “leak” message is displayed on the site. LPG leak detection system based on IoT and Arduino can be installed in homes, hotels and storage areas of LPG cylinder. The main benefits of this project are that it is possible to determine the leakage and to send the data to a website to monitor it and to take corrective measures. When adequate action is taken quickly after reporting on the IoT, it can help save lives and property losses.
Area-Delay-Power analysis of Carry Look-AheadAdder Architecture
Authors: Rajendra Prasad Ch. , Srikanth Y. , Ramchandar Rao P. , Sanjay Kumar S.
Published: December 2020

The addition is common in hardware for the microprocessor and digital signal processor (DSP), and an adder is used to execute the addition. The Adder should feature high speed and low power for real-time applications. An effective adder architecture principally advances the performance of microprocessors and DSP systems. The carry propagation delay (CPD) is the main apprehension in the design of adder architecture. To address CPD, a new Carry Look-Ahead architecture is proposed, in which the carry propagation is scheduled before the calculation of the final sum using carry look–ahead (CLA) method. A quantitative estimate shows that the Area Delay Product (ADP) of proposed adder architecture is minimized by 10% as compared with the existing adders’ architectures.
Microcontroller Based Bi-directional Vehicle Counter and Automatic Gate Controlling System
Authors: Anuradha P , Arabelli Rajeshwarrao , Rajkumar K , Ravichander J
Published: December 2020

The objective of this paper is to make a controller based model to count number of vehicle in and out of corporate company and data will send to concern person through GSM. In this paper used RFID Reader to detect the presence of a vehicle. According to this, if we place RFID card it worked as in count. Automatically gate will open and close depends on the vehicle presence and if we scan again it counted as down This count value is send SMS through GSM; Depends on the no of count inside the room according to that lights will turn on, when the count in room decreases automatically lights in the room turn off. When the data corresponds to the data on the microcontroller, the load is switched, which is controlled by the relay from the output of the microcontroller. If the correct tag is disabled, the system will display the message “AUTHORIZED”, “UNAUTHORIZED” elsewhere and will not allow access. In addition to LCD screens, bulbs are used as lamps. The project can be further improved by integrating it with GSM technology. Any unauthorized entry can be reported to the security staff via SMS.
Multi-Core Platforms Energy Saving Scheduling Algorithm
Authors: Anuradha P
Published: December 2020

In the world of embedded architecture, reliable performance and energy consumption are two most dominant parameters that need to be studied. When an embedded architecture is used as an Internet of objects, these two specifications play a major role in achieving good performance. Many algorithms for power consumption have been developed in the architecture and systems installed. This document provides an overview of previous research on energy savings through practical scheduling algorithms. It provides algorithms for efficient energy planning, contained in the literature on multimedia and multimedia platforms. An important part of the research described in this paper is the real-time energy-saving algorithms of multi-core platforms.
Face detection authentication analysis on smartphones
Authors: Jhansi Rani G , Shanmukhi Rama G , Ranganath K , Juluri Tarun Kumar , Reddy Ch Vinay Kumar
Published: December 2020

Smartphones are the absolute very most widely known in addition to significant personal systems. Along with their traditional make use of, that is, referring to as and also texting, they have also been used to do multiple security-sensitive activities, including electronic banking in addition to purchasing, social networking, taking pictures, and also e-mailing. On a positive side, smartphones have boosted the quality of life by offering multiple services that customers need, for example, anytime-anywhere processing. Nonetheless, on the other side, they also pose safety as well as private privacy hazards to the customers’ saved data. Consumer authentication is the preliminary series ofdefense to avoid unwarrantable accessibility to the mobile phone. New smartphones using Apple and additionally Samsung have utilized face features to understand their individuals. These smartphone distributors assert that this present-day technology is actually among the most risk-free and also safe and secure in addition to trusted biometrics methods. This paper checks out the functional components of the face identity method installed in these smartphones. Completion results of this particular questionnaire have presented that the majority of cell phone individuals are fulfilled with the face detection strategy while opening their phones. Nevertheless, 59 per-cent of smartphones carry out not utilize face detection approach while doing getting in the app store, offering much a lot less trust fund on this function where economic packages are consisted of.
Sensor based controlling system for monitoring Home automation using IOT
Authors: Raghava kumari D , Pravallika K , Mahesh A , Sridevi Ch , Vinay Kumar Reddy Ch
Published: December 2020

The paper advises an environment pleasurable application for IoT (Internet of Things) taken advantage of for monitoring and also controlling the residential home devices making use of the Web. Home automation maker takes advantage of the quickly transportable units as an individual user interface. They may talk to the home automation community thru an Internet entryway, through the functionality of reduced electric power verbal swap methods like Zigbee, Wi-Fi, and so forth. This objective aspirations at dealing with domestic home gadgets along with the assistance of Mobile phone using Wi-Fi as talked swap protocol as well as raspberry pi as a server system The individual on this web site is mosting likely to pass simultaneously alongside the tool via an internet user interface online, whereas domestic home equipment like lights, lover and also door padlock is actually from another location cared for thru straightforward website. A much better function that enriches the side of security originating from fireplace accidents is its functionality of sleuthing the smoke cigarettes that inside the match of any type of hearth, pals a notifying notification as well as a picture is dispatched to a Cell phone. The server will undoubtedly be interfaced in addition to relay tools circuits that handle the home resources picking walks in the home. The verbal alternative with the server accepts the person to decide on the matched device. The verbal replacement with the server accredits the customer to choose a suitable tool. The server socializes with the corresponding relays. If the internet relationship is down or even the server isn’t constantly up, the inserted device board however will certainly moderate and also run the home tools locally. Using this our team enhances a climbable along with fee great Home Automation system..
Digital Watermarking: State of The Art and Research Challenges in Health Care & Multimedia Applications
Authors: Kumaraswamy Eelandula , Mahesh Kumar G , Mahender Kommabatla , Bukkapatnam Krishnaveni , Prasad Ch Rajendra
Published: December 2020

Nowadays the multimedia data easily available to most people. It is the main cause of illegal access to multimedia content, theft of the intellectual property, easily copying and manipulate the data over the internet, and spreading fake news. With the increase in the availability of the internet to a common man, it is observed that most of the multimedia data misused. Nowadays telemedicine, tele diagnosis, tele consultation, teleradiology, telematic services are necessary. Electronic Patient Record is essential to provide these services. It is necessary to secure the multimedia data by using a suitable watermarking technique. Due to the huge availability of high-speed internet, digital movie piracy was increased rapidly and it causes revenue loss and affects the employment of the people. The high demand for protecting digital videos or movies from unauthorized access. So, it is necessary to protect the intellectual property of the owner, stop unauthorized access of data, also protect and stop the spreading of fake news. In this article, we presented a survey of digital watermarking, bolding its key concepts, embedded and extracted features, state-of-the-art implementation, and research challenges. The primary goal of this article is to provide an improved understanding of the embedding-extracting of watermarking challenges of watermarking and identify important research paths in health care and multimedia applications.
Maize dryer by using Arduino
Authors: Swathi N , Padmaja Ch , Malathy V , Mamidalai Sruthi
Published: December 2020

Wet seeds are not suitable to make the maize flour directly, so farmers need to dry the seed under sunlight for few days. Nowadays farmers are facing many problems to dry the seeds in this weather conditions. The main aim of our project is to dry the maize seeds within in the less time. In our project, initially a bunch of maize grains are collected and the weight of grains is measured using load cell and that value display in LCD. Now the signals are sent to Arduino which is used as a controller. We need to dry the grains to remove the moisture content in the grains using drying mechanism( dryer). After drying the grains are collected into the container.
Automatic Door Lock System by Face Recognition
Authors: Yedulapuram Sharvani , Arabelli Rajeshwarrao , Mahender Kommabatla , Sidhardha Chintoju
Published: December 2020

In this paper we have proposed face recognition door lock system using raspberry pi for security purpose. Implementation of the system is for monitoring whether any unknown person is entering in to the door. We have established communication with electronic devices through face detection with the help of Pi camera Raspberry Pi platform. For software coding Python and Open CV libraries are used. In order to get accurate and clear picture of an intruder we have proposed Haar classifier method for face detection. As soon as the person enters near the door, pi camera captures the image and face detection process is done then if it matches with database images then the door is unlocked otherwise a message with the picture of a person will be sent to the registered mobile through GSM and LAN network.
IoT Based Solar Power Monitoring System
Authors: Gopal Maisagalla , Chandra Prakash T , Venkata Ramakrishna N , Yadav Bonthala Prabhanjan
Published: December 2020

Presently we are invading in a new period of modernisms i.e., Internet of Things (IoT). By using the IoT supervising solar energy can greatly enhance the performance, monitoring of the plant. It is a technique to keep track of the dust assembled on the solar panels to induce the maximum power for active utilization. The amount of output power of the solar panels depends on the radiation hit to the solar cell. All the panels are attached and the sensors are precisely connected to the central controller which supervise the panels and loads. Thus, user can view the current, voltage and sunlight.
Extensive evaluation of the MIMO along with sliced multi modulus algorithm and estimate strategies in the direction of MIMO OFDM solutions
Authors: Chandra Prakash T , Srinivas S , Gopal M , Sudharshan E
Published: December 2020

A MIMO usage multiple antennas at both sending and receiving ends. These antennas communicate with each various other on the exact same frequency band and also help in linearly raising the channel ability. Because of the multi paths cordless networks face the issue of network fading which cause Inter Sign Interference. Amongst several formulas to blind deconvolution of a multiple-input multiple-output systems, the one that utilizes higher-order cumulants has benefits in pertains to of convergence price. Influenced on this algorithm and on a stochastic gradient technique, we recommend a formula with capability of recovering simultaneously all resources. The crucial feature of this particular DFE is actually a linear-complexity slim stations estimator, which possesses the capacity to see as well as refuse instincts located upon pair of audio variations: infected Gaussian as well as symmetrical alpha constant.
Smart street light management system for conservation of electrical energy
Authors: Arabelli Rajeshwarrao , Anuradha P , Rajkumar K , Yedulapuram Sharvani
Published: December 2020

The street light control frameworks are broadly utilized to screen and control the progression of vehicles through the numerous streets to conserve the electrical energy. In traditional manual and automatic street lights monitoring system even though uses renewable resources like solar and wind energy, they were turned ON in the evening i.e. when there is not sufficient sunlight and transitioned in the morning i.e. when there is an adequate light outwardly. The lights once turned ON, remain in the same state continuously for about twelve hours a day. This leads to wastage of electrical energy. To overcome this, this paper proposed a method, to conserve the electricity that is being utilized to light up the streetlights on Highways, Village roads, streets in urban and rural areas, parks etc. the proposed system monitors the obstacles on the road and controls the street lights. This system is not only to turn ON and OFF the lights and also control the intensity of the streetlights on the basis of the movements of vehicles and pedestrians in turn conserving the energy. This system also updates the status of street lights onto the cloud server.
Estimating Tropical cyclone intensity using a deep belief network
Authors: Tarun Kumar J , Shilpa N , Malathy V
Published: December 2020

The estimation of cyclone intensity is done by deep belief neural network in this paper. The cyclone estimation is useful for marine warnings and landfall evacuation planning so that prior decision can be taken. The satellite image is preprocessed and the noise is removed with median filtering. This model gives better accuracy and the algorithm converges earlier to reduce root mean square error. The hurricane or tropical cyclone causes a low pressure center, strong wind, thunderstorm and rain. The destruction of the cyclone depends on the intensity and location. The existing systems have a drawback of giving same pattern for the cyclones having same intensity. But the proposed model estimates the intensity for all regions.
Area-Power Analysis of Carry Select Adder using Transmission gates
Authors: Srikanth Y. , Rajendra Prasad Ch. , Ramchandar Rao P. , Jhansi Rani G. , Chakradhar A.
Published: December 2020

The main building block of microprocessors, microcontrollers, and digital signal processors is an arithmetic logic unit (ALU). The performance of ALU depends on its adder design. The Carry Propagation Delay (CPD), area and power are the important metrics in the structure of the adder. In this work, area and power analysis of carry select adder are presented. In this adder, the CPD is minimized with the common Boolean logic. The power and area of the adder are optimized by replacing CMOS gates with transmission gates. In this technique, the transistor count is greatly reduced from 987 to 512 for a 16-bit carry select adder. In addition, the power consumption is minimized from 0.63mW to 0.018mW and the power delay product is minimized from 0.53mW-ns to 0.021mW-ns.
Digital Error Correction Logic for Pipelined ADC Using 1.5Bits/Stage
Authors: Srikanth Y. , Rajendra Prasad Ch. , Danthamala Koteshwar Rao , Ramchandar Rao P. , Chakradhar A.
Published: December 2020

Low power, high resolution and high-speed ADCs are becoming increasingly important with advancements in portable electronics, from mobile phones and pagers to CD players and MP3 players. This is certainly not feasible on a handheld device which is why new ADC techniques must be developed. They are becoming increasingly attractive to major data converter manufacturers and their designers because pipeline ADCs provide an optimal balance of scale, speed, resolution, power dissipation and analogue design effort. Because of latency and errors in comparators & gain stages in pipelined ADCs, the need arises for digital error correction mechanism. The digital error correction logic will be implemented for 8-bit ADC using 1.5 bits per stage. While designing we are considering important parameters of CMOS like propagation delay performance and power dissipation. The VLSI realization of digital arithmetic is implemented using TANNER EDA software tool using 0.18µm CMOS process.
Convolution Neural Networks Based Blind Quality Predictor
Authors: Anuradha P , Rajkumar K , Ravichander J , Padmaja Ch
Published: December 2020

Image recognition focused on convolution neural networks (CNN) in various areas of computer vision and image processing has recently proved to deliver state of the art output. Nonetheless, applying deep CNN to an NR-IQA remains a long-standing challenge owing to crucial challenges, i.e. the absence of a testing framework. The CNN test has not yet been performed. In this paper suggested a NR-IQA system focused on CNN which can solve the problem effectively. The approach suggested the DIQA divides the NR-IQA into two stages: 1 analytical portion of the illusion, and 2 one subjective component of the visual system. In the first step, the CNN learns to forecast the objective error map and then in the second phase the algorithm is able to predict subjective values. In addition, we are introducing a reliability chart to supplement the inaccuracy of the objective error map in the homogenous area. To further improve the accuracy, two simple handmade features were used. Therefore, we suggest a way to show graphs of perception errors and examine what the deep CNN model has experienced. The DIQA received the most sophisticated precision on the different databases in the experiments.
Blind Parameters Estimation Algorithm Based on SC-FDE Cyclic Autocorrelation
Authors: Yedunuri Shekar , Naveen Kanne , Ramchandar Rao P. , Srinivas S.
Published: December 2020

This paper analyzes properties of Single-Carrier Frequency Domain Equilibrium (SC-FDE) signal’s cyclic autocorrelation section. The relationship between cyclic autocorrelation, useful signal length, cyclic prefix length is studied. The blind estimation algorithm is proposed for the useful signal length and cyclic prefix length without prior information. According to zero point symmetry property and the relationship between cyclic prefix length and spectral line, the area of spectral peak search is limited. So that the length of cyclic prefix and the number of cyclic prefix symbols are estimated. Simulation results show that the algorithm can improve the estimation accuracy and have better estimation performance at low signal-to-noise ratio.
Disease monitoring of the crops after segmentation and IoT based sensing of soil water level
Authors: Anand M , Malathy V , Shilpa N , Raja B
Published: December 2020

The practical problems in the present irrigation methods are overcome by sensing the local soil water level. If the water level is low, the system sprinkles water by using pump motor by means of relay. The soil fertilizer level, humidity and temperature of the field are also checked by using the corresponding sensors. The current status is always displayed in the Liquid Crystal Display (LCD). If any abnormality occurs, then the message is sent to the owner by means of Global System for Mobile (GSM). Disease monitoring of the crops is done by segmentation. Irrigation control can reduce water consumption.
The Effect of Partial Replacement of Micro Silica in Asphalt Mix
Authors: Prabhanjan Neduri , Golla Swamy Yadav , Sahithi G. , Chandu B. , Rathore Roshan Singh , Guruprasad M. , Swetha M
Published: December 2020

Roadways are also taking part in the nation’s progression. These Roadways are laying with two sorts of critical Binding materials like Bitumen and Concrete. Strong black-tops like solid concrete roads may provoke a high early on cost; be that as it may, maintenance will be less. As it would have been, for the bituminous black-tops beginning cost will be less However, upkeep will be more. The need to change standard black-top climbs as a result of the high help cost of the interstate structure. As of late World delivering with diligently extended use, a huge number of waste glass materials are created yearly on the planet. This paper addresses an effort taken to make modified bituminous mixing, in which replacement of Micro Silica power was displaced in halfway aggregate. Different moulds were set up with different mixes and differentiated and normal bitumen mixes by driving marshal stability tests to check its quality, the stream regards. The perfect degree of Micro Silica was found at 10%. Most vital steadfastness is practised with 15% of Micro Silica, satisfying the results appeared differently concerning common bitumen was explored dependent on IS code.
An Experimental Investigation of Natural Admixture Effect on Durability Studies of High Silica Fly Ash
Authors: Ramesh Babu T S , Vishal A , Shruthi Lakkakula , Rajesh A
Published: December 2020

The research work focused on durability studies of high silica fly ash i.e. class f fly ash (fa) replaced concrete with natural admixture (nad) incorporation with binder. broiler hen egg selected as natural admixture in this experimental investigation. fa was replaced to cement at different replacement levels from 0 to 35% of replacement by its weight and nad was used as supplementary material admixture in fa replaced concrete at different replacement dosages from 0% to 1.00% by its weight of water content and 0.5 was maintained as liquid to binder ratio. the durability studies (i.e. water absorption and acid attack) of fa replaced concrete mix were examined at different ages of curing for all fa replaced mixes with nad. the research revealed that the optimal dosage of nad was considered as 0.25% for all fa replaced concrete, witnessed from the compressive strength, unit weight, water absorption and acid resistance studies. the studies evidenced that 35% high silica fa replaced concrete mix with optimal nad dosage having lower water absorption and also it shown that the % of loss in compressive strength reduced when soaked in HCL and H2SO4 water sample.
Evaluation Of Correlation Equations Of CBR Of Soils
Authors: Raghava Rao E. V. , Satyanarayana Reddy C. N. V.
Published: December 2020

California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is extensively used parameter in design and construction of flexible pavements. Sub grade strength along the alignment of flexible pavements is required to be determined in terms of soaked CBR of soils. Also, CBR is used as design and quality control parameter of sub base and base layer materials. Considering significance of CBR determination and to cut down time delay in its determination, researchers have developed correlation equations for CBR of different soils in terms of easily determinable index and engineering properties. Correlation equations are developed in terms of single, two and multiple variables through linear and non linear regression analysis. The existing equations applicability to different soils require thorough evaluation of significant factors influencing CBR of soils and the number of influencing variables used in developing the equations. The present paper is aimed at evaluating the correlation equations for Clays and sandy soils from literature based on properties of 10 selected soil properties. The effectiveness of the correlation equations in more precise estimation of CBR is assessed in terms of number of variables used in the equations, selected variable(s) and method of regression analysis adopted.

The study indicated that multiple variable linear regression equations with highest degree yielded better equations compared to non linear regression analysis. The study also revealed that the accuracy of CBR value increased with increase in degree of correlation equation.
Strength studies on Geopolymer Concrete produced by Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Quarry Stone Dust as Fine Aggregate
Authors: Alok G , Ravali K , Guru Prasad M , Pravalika C , Sai Priya P , Sai kiran M
Published: December 2020

Geopolymer concrete is one of the trending techniques adopted to replace the conventional binder by any alumino-silicate material like fly ash or GGBFS. Approximately Geoploymer concrete are as productive as conventional concrete. But the key pro of Geopolymer concrete utility is to recycle concrete waste and demolition waste are transformed into coarse aggregate, which reflects in the environment and economic benefits. The natural fine aggregate (NFA) is replaced by the residue quarry fines obtained from the crushed quarry rock often termed Quarry dust or Quarry stone dust (QSD) by proportions 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100%. In this research study, fly ash is utilized as the binding material activated by the di-solution of NaOH and Na2SiO3 collectively to initiate a chemical reaction to attain productive strength. From the overview of previous papers literature, the geopolymer concrete is not having any proper mix design procedures, Therefore the trial and error method adopted. This research is conducted to study over results of the practical approach on geopolymer concrete composed with 40% of recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) in place of Natural coarse aggregate and varying different percentages of QSD in the place of Natural fine aggregate.
Performance of hybrid waste fibrous materials in high strength concrete
Authors: Sivaraja M , Poongodi K , Jegan M , Reddy Ch Krishna , Krishnaraja AR , Murthi P
Published: December 2020

Concrete is naturally a brittle material and it can withstand high compression load but fails to withstand the tensile load. In order to improve the tensile strength in concrete, concrete composites are modified by adding steel fibers in volume fraction. However, discontinuous micro cracks are developed in plastic state of concrete. The drawback can be overcome by modifying the fibrous composites in the form of hybrid fibres. In this experimental work, a triangle series of fibres are selected to establish the hybrid fibres through steel fibers, nylon fibre and coir fibre. The total fibre dosage was restricted to 2% by volume and the hybrid fibre combination was developed by replacing one-third of fibre by other one for making high strength concrete. The performance of hybrid fibre reinforced high strength concrete (FRHSC) were analysed by studying the fresh and hardened properties.
Effect of ratio between Na2SiO3and NaOH solutions and curing temperature on the early age properties of geopolymer mortar
Authors: Murthi P , Poongodi K , Saravanan R , Rajesh chary K , Gobinath R
Published: December 2020

Geopolymer is the new generation civil engineering material and it is replacing the conventional cement in constructional activities. Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) and sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solutions were used as alkaline activators to develop the geopolymer mortar in this investigation. The effect of the ratio of Na2SiO3/ NaOH (SS/SH) in the activator solution on the fresh and hardened mortar strength were studied and reported in this paper. Thermal curing was followed in most of the previous research findings and it has various limitations for cast-in-situ applications. Further, the ambient temperature curing method was considered in this study to overcome the limitations and the results were compared and presented. The control geopolymer mortar was developed with class F type fly-ash (FA). Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and corn cob ash (CCA) were substituted as FA replacing basic materials. The experimental results had shown that the addition of GGBS and CCA reduced the flow value and setting time of fresh geopolymer mortar and increasing the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar. The experimental outcomes showed that the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar was increased due to increasing the ratio SS/SH. While considering ambient curing environment instead of thermal curing, the strength development pattern was modified and compressive strength was decreased in all the rest period.
Scale effect of rectangular and square footing of shallow foundation resting on cohesive soil
Authors: Saravanan R , Murthi P , Poongodi K , Shyam Sundar G , Gobinath R
Published: December 2020

This experimental research work was performed to evaluate settlement and bearing capacity in cohesive soil. The predominant objective of this study is to develop the existing state of the knowledge about the present simulation processes to estimate its settlement and load carrying capacity. From the past literature study, the semi-empirical procedures were studied to estimate the settlement and bearing capacity parameters. The investigation was done into three parts, based on the past literature studies. The index and laboratory experimental investigations were done in the first stage. In the second part, the experimental procedure was elaborated to determine the settlement and load carrying capacity of small-scale model tests on cohesive soil. This research works presents, the effect of small-scale laboratory tests on the load carrying and settlement of model footings. The experiments were carried out with three types of model footing such as square, rectangular, and circular shapes were chosen to study the scale effect. For the circular footing, the diameters of 30, 40, and 50 mm sizes of plates were used and for square and rectangular model footings dimensions were used as 30mm×30 mm, 40mm ×40 mm, and 50mm ×50 mm and 50mm ×33 mm, 40mm ×28 mm, and 30mm ×20 mm respectively. A steel tank of size 330×220×300 mm was fabricated and used for conducting model tests. The width of the plates ranged from 50mm to 100mm for modeling plane strain and axisymmetric problems and care taken to avoid the wall friction when the load is applied. The size effects on settlement and bearing capacity was studied under different moisture conditions such as optimum moisture and plastic limit of the soil.
A study on the effect of waste plastic strips in the stabilization of clay soil
Authors: Saravanan R , Murthi P , Poongodi K , Raju Adigoppula
Published: December 2020

The black cotton soilis the kind of soils whose size of size modifications together with the variation in moisture content material. They will have a conduct of expanding and contracting that is a severevulnerability to constructed building above them. The swelling behaviour of clay soil is existing in north Karnataka region. Thestudy demonstrates the results of an effortto strengthen and stabilize the clay soil with waste synthetic strips. The synthetic pieces being kept readyand integrated at three diverse blending proportions (0.5%, 1% and 1.5%) by mass of soil with various aspect ratios (8*8mm, 8*16mm, and8*24mm). The exploratory results demonstrated that there was obviously a development in the shear quality factors. The expanding and drying upwards conduct behaviour are additionally sensitively reduced. There was a reduction that is substantial the OMC and insignificant improvement in MDD. The maximum size of plastic (aspect ratio) and synthetic content that results in maximum outcome may be chosen based on the value for the selection parameter for a definite engineering work. Stabilizing black cotton soils with unwanted plastic containers at the same time solves the tasks of unsuitable plastic waste reutilizing that is presently a teething issue in many countries that are developing. The outcomes obtained from this investigation positively suggest that addition of this product in clay soils would succeed for ground enhancement in geotechnical engineering.
Performance of sustainable concrete with crushed rock fines–A Review
Authors: Boobalan S C , Gayathri V , Shyamala G , Maruthachalam D , Rani Sandhya
Published: December 2020

This review paper gives the performance of various concrete types by replacing the naturalriver sand by crushed rock fines. Nowadays, owing to the infrastructure developments in the developing countries natural river sand will be becoming scarce and ecological imbalance will be started occurring due to the lifting of more sand from the river beds. Many of the researchers will be working on it for selecting the appropriate material for replacing the natural river sand. Currently, the effect of alternate materials such as geosynthetic aggregates, recycled aggregates, crushed rock fines, quarry dust, slag, etc. in various types of concrete will be tested. One such material is crushed rock fines; it would be shown better performances with concrete by replacing the natural river sand by 50% replacement. This review paper has given the analysis of utilization of crushed rock fines as the partial replacement of natural river sand with compared with control concrete by various strength tests, physio-chemical properties. The utilization of crushed rock fines will be solving ecological imbalance and environmental hazards which is created by many of thecrushers.
Experimental Investigation on Jute Fibre Reinforced Concrete with Partial Replacement of Fine Aggregate by Plastic Waste
Authors: Kalaivani M , Shyamala G , Ramesh S , Rajasri Reddy I
Published: December 2020

Plastic waste is the major cause of environmental pollution and hence it should be recycled or reused to reduce it. Plastic wastes are used as fine aggregate in a severalquantities in the jute fibre reinforced concrete and check their aptness. This study investigates the effect of using plastic waste as an alternative for fine aggregate. The PET plastic bottle is injurious to land and health, hence the usage of plastic waste in the concrete will lead to protect the environment and human health. The partial replacement of fine aggregate and coarse aggregate are the major components in the concrete. In India tons of plastic wastes are produced per year hence by reusing in the concrete can decrease the wastages. The jute fibre is one of the natural fibre and it is used in plastic waste concrete to increase the split tensile strength and flexural strength of the concrete. The present study has been conducted on M20 grade concrete, by replacing fine aggregate by PET plastic waste for varying percentages such as 5, 10, 15 and 20%. The PET plastic concrete is optimized as 10% from the mechanical properties of concrete. The jute fibre is added for 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1% for various proportions by volume of optimized plastic waste concrete. The properties of fresh and hardened concrete were evaluated and compared. The experimental results of companion specimen show that the mechanical properties of plastic waste concrete increases with 0.25% of jute fibre in concrete. Utilization of M Sand and PET plastic aggregates in concrete leads to minimize the cost of construction and leads to sustainable environments. The natural fibres in concrete increase the strength of concrete.
Performance evaluation of concrete using prosopis juliflora as partial replacement of coarse aggregate
Authors: Shyamala G , Swaminathen AN , Rajasri Reddy I
Published: December 2020

The aim of the work is to study the suitability of Prosopis juliflora as a partial replacement of coarse aggregate. Concrete mix is made with varying proportions of Prosopis juliflora stem replacing the coarse aggregate up to 2.5%, 5%, 7.5%, 10 % and 12.5 % to the concrete percentage and results to increase in the compressive strength of the concrete cube up to 10 % was noted. Water absorption is up to 0.9 % and maximum value of flexural strength achieved at 3Mpa. Maximum strength of 34Mpa Compressive strength was achieved. Concrete with Light weight and less thermal conductivity was achieved by using Prosopis juliflora wood as partial replacement for coarse aggregate.
Thermal behavior of Concrete subjected to elevated temperature: Case Studies
Authors: Shyamala G. , Mahesh V. , Rajesh Kumar K. , Rajasri Reddy I
Published: December 2020

Fire presents a significant danger to the survival of the building and inhabitants, adverse effects at the structural level. In view of this, several researchers have measured the fire efficiency and behavioural characteristics of concrete under varying temperatures. Using indirect measures such, water permeability, as chloride ion permeability absorption and sorptivity, the resilience of concrete after fire exposure is assessed. In most previous literature, residual mechanical properties mentioned may be overvalued, where cooling was typically employed. Proper assessment of concrete fire resistance requires more experimental data found under different cooling environments, such as water spraying or water quenching. Design considerations and analytical methods are provided to determine the reaction of reinforced concrete structures to elevated-temperature settings. Related studies in which reinforced concrete structural components have being exposed to cyclic loading. The purpose of this review is to provide a description of the elevated temperature characteristics of the performance of concrete ingredients and structures. The impacts of high temperatures on high-strength concrete materials are observed and their quality is compared to standard concrete strength.
Effect of plastic powder, silica fume and steel slag in concrete-An Experimental and Analytical Approach
Authors: Sivakumar S , Rajesh Kumar K , Vinod Kumar M , Rasha  , Gurumoorthy N , Vandhiyan R , Balaji Kumar G , Kameshwari B
Published: December 2020

Emergent countries employ the broad toughened building resources such as plastic powder, silica fume and other ingredients in concrete. In accumulation, steel slag has been introduced as an alternative of coarse aggregate to put together concrete encompass good possessions. This paper describes the results of a coordinated work carried out using plastic powder, steel slag and silica fume to form the concrete. New research on concrete mix M20 was carried out for 7, 28 days by 0 ( zero) percent, 10 percent, 20 percent, 30 percent replacement of fine aggregate by plastic powder, similarly steel slag was replaced by coarse aggregate and their mechanical properties of concrete were addressed by 10 percent addition of silica fume by cement credence. Bending strength has been addressed for 7 days, 28 days depending on the optimum amount of replacement of concrete strength. Depending on the optimum prescribed amount of replacement in concrete strength, flexural strength has been addressed for 7, 28 days. The experimental and finite element analysis results have been analyzed using computational techniques.
Mitigating of drying shrinkage in alkali-activated slag composites
Authors: Adesina Adeyemi , Rajesh Kumar K. , Odeyemi Samson , Mahender K , Das Shaswat , Cyriaque Kaze
Published: December 2020

Alkali activated slag composites are promising alternatives to be used as a replacement of Portland cement composites for different construction applications. However, despite the evolution of these composites over the years, its high drying shrinkage still poses a limitation on its application. The increasing interest in alkali-activated slag composites by the research community has resulted in the use of various methods and materials to mitigate the drying shrinkage. This current paper explores the different major types of mitigation techniques that can be used to reduce the drying shrinkage in alkali-activated composites. The mitigation techniques explored are in terms of the use of various materials and curing methods. Discussions presented in this paper showed that a significant reduction in the drying shrinkage can be achieved by partially replacing slag with mineral admixtures or incorporating chemical admixtures specifically made to reduce shrinkage. The use of appropriate internal or external curing method for alkali-activated slag was also found to reduce drying shrinkage effectively. However, it is recommended to carry out further research in order to fully understand the mechanism of drying shrinkage in alkali-activated slag composites in order to develop effective ways to mitigate it.
Performance Studies on white topping layers over flexible pavement
Authors: Rashmi S M , Rajesh Kumar K , Akki Basavaraj , Rajasri Reddy I
Published: December 2020

The main focus of the present era is to construct a long-lasting and better performing pavement. Usually, with respect to the rehabilitation of the pavement, the construction agencies go with the bituminous overlays as their first priority without considering the condition of the existing pavement structure. But CC pavements have proved that they perform better and are long-lasting as new pavement as well as when used for rehabilitation of the existing pavement. And hence it is the era where the Thin and Ultra-Thin White Topping methods are gaining their popularity. Hence in this study, in order to arrive at the performance of the TWT and UTWT methods, various types of basic and the performance tests have been carried out with different combinations of concrete i). Plain Cement Concrete ii). Cement replaced by Ground Granulated Blast furnace Slag (GGBS) (50%) iii). With admixture (Conplast NC) iv) 50% Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag GGBS + Conplast NC. Later to understand the performance of these combinations, the composite beams with varying thickness are subjected to repeated wheel loads under Modified Immersion Wheel Tracking Equipment along with a bituminous layer of 50mm thick below the cement concrete layer. The performance results of 150mm thick admixture added CC beam and the 100mm thick GGBS & Admixture added CC beam has almost the same value. Hence, it can be concluded that the slab thickness can be reduced by 50mm by replacing 50% GGBS to the Admixture added CC beam.
Effect of bacteria on strength and porosity of M-sand based pumpable concrete
Authors: Murthi P , Poongodi K , Rajasri Reddy I
Published: December 2020

This paper presents the results of experimental investigation which was carried out to evaluate the effect of bacteria on the compressive strength, porosity of M-sand concrete. The river sand was replaced by M-sand and M20 and M30grade pumpable concreteswere designed for investigation purpose. The w/c ratio of the concrete was selected as 0.45 and 0.4 respectively. Bacillus subtilis bacteria was included at a concentration of 30x105 cells/mL of water. The compressive strength, water absorption and porosity of concrete were determined after the curing periodof 3, 7, 28 and 90 days. Results were indicated that the substitution of M-sand instead of river sand was reduced the compressive strength up to 20% when compared with river sand based control concrete. The porosity and water absorptionbehaviour of M-sand concrete were observed in higher order than that of control concrete. On the addition of bacteria, 37%-45% reduction in water absorption and porosity level of bacterial M-sand concrete was achieveddue to the self-healing of micro crack in the concrete.
Impact of Partial Replacement of Cement by Coconut Shell Ash and Coarse Aggregate by Coconut Shell on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
Authors: Vasanthi P , Senthil Selvan S , Murthi P , Rajasri Reddy I , Poongodi K
Published: December 2020

India is the third largest coconut cultivating country in the world. South India states are the predominant coconut cultivating area in India. Coconut shell (CS) and coconut shell ash (CSA) are unavoidable by-products from agricultural industry. As a part of solid waste management, the investigation was carried out to evaluate the effect of replacing cement by CSA and coarse aggregate by CS. The replacement level was considered as 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30% in both cement and coarse aggregate by CSA and CS respectively. Normal strength concrete was considered in this investigation. The density and mechanical properties of concrete such as 28 days cured compressive strength and flexural strength were determined. Using 3D graphical analysis, the optimum replacement of cement and coarse aggregate was predicated in this investigation.