bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Operational Control Model Based on Integrated Failure Analysis and Risk Assessment in Sustainable Technological Processes
Authors: Karkoszka Tatiana
Published: December 2023

The simultaneous fulfillment of quality, environmental, and occupational safety requirements is a difficult task. The process flow is influenced by numerous factors, and different operational objectives are pursued in different ways. Methodologies reflecting the use of various models, methods, and tools in the integration and implementation of operational goals dedicated to sustainable operation are becoming increasingly important. The subject of the study is an operational control model considering the integrated risk and the steps taken under the conditions of “supervised risk” ensured by the monitoring of the operational criteria. The method was developed for coherent risk management, covering its identification, analysis, assessment, and acceptability estimation in the technological process. The methodology for the assessment, considering the quality, environmental, and occupational safety criteria, and based on the application of the unit risk ratio, allows for the determination of the key operational features, and the methodology of the identification of the key technological parameters applying the integrated risk ratio ensures that the crucial technological parameters are highlighted. The application of the algorithm in the heat treatment process confirms both the effectiveness of the proposed model and the correctness of the thesis: the different requirements set for the technological processes can be simultaneously fulfilled via the application of integrated operational control.
A Logic Threshold Control Strategy to Improve the Regenerative Braking Energy Recovery of Electric Vehicles
Authors: Yin Zongjun , Ma Xuegang , Zhang Chunying , Su Rong , Wang Qingqing
Published: December 2023

With increasing global attention to climate change and environmental sustainability, the sustainable development of the automotive industry has become an important issue. This study focuses on the regenerative braking issues in pure electric vehicles. Specifically, it intends to elucidate the influence of the braking force distribution of the front and rear axles on access to energy recovery efficiency. Combining the I curve of a pure electric vehicle and the boundary line of the Economic Commission of Europe (ECE) regulations, the braking force distribution relationship between the front and rear axles is formulated to satisfy braking stability. The maximum regenerative braking force of the motor is determined based on the motor torque characteristics and battery charging power, and the regenerative braking torque is optimized by combining the constraints of the braking strength, battery state of charge (SOC), and vehicle speed. Six road working conditions are built, including the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC), the World Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle (WLTC), Federal Test Procedure 72 (FTP-72), Federal Test Procedure 75 (FTP-75), the China Light-Duty Vehicle Test Cycle—Passenger (CLTC-P), and the New York City Cycle (NYCC). The efficiency of the regenerative braking strategy is validated by using the Simulink/MATLAB simulation. The simulation results show that the proposed dynamic logic threshold control strategy can significantly improve the energy recovery effect of electric vehicles, and the energy recovery efficiency can be improved by at least 25% compared to the situation without regenerative braking. Specifically, under the aforementioned road working conditions, the braking energy recovery efficiency levels are 27.69%, 42.18%, 49.54%, 47.60%, 49.28%, and 51.06%, respectively. Moreover, the energy recovery efficiency obtained by the current dynamic logic threshold is also compared with other published results. The regenerative braking control method proposed in this article makes the braking control of electric vehicles more precise, effectively reducing energy consumption and improving the driving range of electric vehicles.
Assessment of Post-Installed Anchor Stiffnesses in Uncracked Concrete with Different Types of Coarse Aggregates
Authors: Boumakis Ioannis , Bokor Boglárka , Pregartner Thilo
Published: December 2023

This paper investigates the potential influence of different aggregates in the concrete mix design on the concrete cone resistance of different types of anchors as well as the anchor stiffness. In fact, bonded anchors with three different adhesives and mechanical anchors and concrete screws of two types were installed in five different concrete mixes and tested in a standard tensile configuration using pull-out tests with wide support resulting in concrete cone failure. A rigorous analysis of both the initial and secant stiffness values of the different anchor types is carried out in a comparative manner. The results of the experimental program show that the anchor stiffnesses are not influenced by the different aggregates in the concrete mixes, but rather by the type of anchor. Finally, this manuscript provides a narrow range of both initial and secant stiffness values with respect to anchor type only.
Flood Risk Assessment Focusing on Exposed Social Characteristics in Central Java, Indonesia
Authors: Sigit Adityawan , Koyama Maki , Harada Morihiro
Published: December 2023

This study analyzes Indonesia, a country marked by significant socioeconomic diversity, to inform the development of holistic flood risk management strategies. We examine the relationship between flood-exposed populations and socioeconomic factors at the regency level, particularly in Central Java, using open data encompassing flood-prone areas, topography, population distribution, and socioeconomic indicators. Key findings include population exposure to flooding varies significantly across the 33 regencies and 7 cities, ranging from 1% to 61% in exposure rate. A notable 5.8-fold difference in average income exists among regencies, with income strongly correlating with higher education rates. Similarly, poverty rates correlate with low educational attainment; there was a very large range in the balance between the size of the exposed economy and the number of exposed poor population in each administrative division. Consequently, we propose a classification system that considers social vulnerability due to poverty, low-education, and economic impacts. The map reflecting these classifications is a risk map that facilitates the understanding of the risk characteristics and the relative risk magnitude of each administrative district. Our analysis underscores the importance of adapting flood risk management strategies to local socioeconomic characteristics and suggests the importance of the use of local wisdom.
A Streamline Sustainable Business Performance Reporting Model by an Integrated FinESG Approach
Authors: Bogdan Victoria , Rus Luminita , Gherai Dana Simona , Florea Adrian Gheorghe , Bugnar Nicoleta Georgeta
Published: December 2023

ESG reporting and disclosure enable financial performance by attracting revenues and optimizing managerial decisions. Within this landscape falls the present study that aimed to examine the quality of ESG reporting connected to the financial performance of listed companies. Stratified analysis revealed four groups of companies according to the average value of ROA and ROE indicators, as well as four classes according to the average ESG disclosure score. The analysis of GRI topics and materiality disclosure scores showed an average disclosure level on ESG components, located between a satisfactory and a good level of disclosure. Also, companies were found to be more inclined to disclose data on the sustainability strategy but provided poor and vague information on the business model. The results of comparative clustering analysis based on FinESG reporting and disclosure scores showed that 31.57% of companies maintained their position in the final ranking. Content analysis of sustainability reports by Leximancer, v.5.0 software highlighted that the most salient topic was “employees”, and it revealed correlations between the themes “employees” and “emissions”. The practical implications of the study were found in the promotion of an integrated reporting that best meets the needs of both stakeholders and those of environmental protection and the development of society.
The Diagnostics of Power Boilers in Terms of Their Sustainability
Authors: Gwoździk Monika , Depciuch Joanna
Published: December 2023

Diagnosing steam pipelines is crucial because they are subjected to a water vapor environment and exhaust gases. Layers of oxides/deposits formed on steel utilized at elevated temperatures for long time periods have a significant impact on elements operating in power plants as well as in combined heat and power plants. Currently, these devices are an important topic of sustainable energy development. The aim of this work was to characterize the structure of the steel and of the oxides/deposit layer formed on the steam superheaters of power boilers and its impact on the durability of power equipment. The tests were carried out on 13CrMo4-5 steel utilized at various temperature and time parameters. In order to assess the degradation of the material, the following research methods were used: light microscopy, X-ray structural analysis, and infrared spectroscopy with Fourier transform. The use of the FTIR method in this type of diagnostics has deepened the existing analysis of oxide/sediment layers. The obtained test results showed that the kinetics of the corrosion process on steel being used for long periods at elevated temperatures is complex and depends, among others, on the element’s operating temperature, the operating time, and the flow medium.
Understanding Consumer Attitudes toward Cultured Meat: The Role of Online Media Framing
Authors: Kouarfaté Béré Benjamin , Durif Fabien
Published: December 2023

The widespread commercialization of cultured meat, produced from animal stem cells grown in vitro, faces significant challenges related to technical, regulatory, and social acceptability constraints. Despite advancements in knowledge, the acceptance of this innovation remains uncertain. Understanding individuals’ decision-making processes and interpretative patterns is crucial, with media framing playing a key role in shaping attitudes toward cultured meat adoption. This research, focusing on Twitter as a social media platform, examines the impact of media framing on consumer attitudes (cognitive, affective, and conative) regarding cultured meat. Qualitative (content analysis) and quantitative (MANOVA) analyses were conducted on 23,020 posts and 38,531 comments, selected based on media framing or containing relevant attitude components. This study reveals that media-framed posts significantly influence consumer attitudes compared to non-media-framed posts. While different types of media framing (ethical, intrinsic, informational, and belief) exhibit varying impacts on attitude components, posts combining ethical, intrinsic, and informational frames have a more substantial effect on cultured meat acceptability. The belief frame, particularly for the behavioral component, is equally influential. Consumer attitudes toward cultured meat are found to be ambivalent, considering the associated benefits and risks. Nevertheless, the affective component of attitude is notably influenced by posts featuring informational and ethical media frames. This study suggests implications for authorities and businesses, emphasizing the importance of differentiated education and marketing strategies. Advertising messages that combine ethical, intrinsic, and informational frames are recommended. Additionally, this study advocates for regulatory measures governing the production, marketing, and consumption of cultured meat to instill consumer confidence in the industry. By highlighting the significance of beliefs in cultured meat consumption behavior, this research points toward potential exploration of cultural and religious influences in future studies.
The Influence of the Production Stages of Cardboard Pharmaceutical Packaging on the Circular Economy
Authors: Klemenčić Mia , Bolanča Mirković Ivana , Bolf Nenad
Published: December 2023

Packaging appearance is important in a competitive market. Designers strive to create products that attract customers and often use laminated packaging, due to the attractive appearance and quality characteristics of the material. The circular economy in the recycling of cardboard packaging helps to reduce waste, saves natural resources and increases the quality of the environment. All of the above contributes to sustainable production, but the quality and properties of the obtained recycled paper materials should not be ignored. Recycling of laminated cardboard packaging often has a negative impact on the quality of recycled paper, due to the formation of sticky particles that can affect the optical properties of recycled paper and the efficiency of the recycling process. This article provides insight into the influence of each stage of production of packaging intended for pharmaceutical products on the properties and characteristics of recycled paper. The standard INGEDE 11 deinking method was used to remove dyes and other impurities from the pulp. The obtained optical results of the characteristics of recycled laboratory sheets obtained from laminated and non-laminated cardboard samples were compared in order to determine the impact of each stage of box production on the quality of the paper pulp. The acquired knowledge can be applied in the design phase of a more sustainable product, and laminated materials can be used in luxury products or to increase the functionality of the packaging. Designing for recycling will contribute to an increase in the quality of the obtained paper mass, which is directly related to an increase in the productivity of recycling and the sustainability of the packaging production process.
A New Method for Finding Lie Point Symmetries of First-Order Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Sinkala Winter
Published: December 2023

The traditional algorithm for finding Lie point symmetries of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) faces challenges when applied to first-order ODEs. This stems from the fact that for first-order ODEs, unlike higher-order ODEs, the determining equation lacks derivatives, rendering it impossible to decompose into simpler PDEs to be solved for the infinitesimals. Consequently, a common technique for determining Lie point symmetries of first-order ODEs involves making speculative assumptions about the form of the infinitesimal generator. In this study, we propose a novel and more efficient approach for finding Lie point symmetries of first-order ODEs and systems of first-order ODEs. Our method leverages the inherent connection between first-order ODEs and their corresponding second-order counterparts derived through total differentiation. By exploiting this connection, we develop a systematic algorithm for determining Lie point symmetries of a wide range of first-order ODEs. We present the algorithm and provide illustrative examples to demonstrate its effectiveness.
A Novel, Comprehensive A129 Mouse Model for Investigating Dengue Vaccines and Evaluating Pathogenesis
Authors: Ngwe Tun Mya Myat , Nwe Khine Mya , Balingit Jean Claude , Takamatsu Yuki , Inoue Shingo , Pandey Basu Dev , Urano Takeshi , Kohara Michinori , Tsukiyama-Kohara Kyoko , Morita Kouichi
Published: December 2023

In search of a mouse model for use in evaluating dengue vaccines, we assessed A129 mice that lacked IFN-α/β receptors, rendering them susceptible to dengue virus (DENV) infection. To our knowledge, no reports have evaluated dengue vaccine efficiency using A129 mice. A129 mice were given a single intraperitoneal (IP) or subcutaneous (SC) injection of the vaccine, Dengvaxia. After 14 days of immunization via the IP or SC injection of Dengvaxia, the A129 mice exhibited notably elevated levels of anti-DENV immunoglobulin G and neutralizing antibodies (NAb) targeting all four DENV serotypes, with DENV-4 displaying the highest NAb levels. After challenge with DENV-2, Dengvaxia and mock-immunized mice survived, while only the mock group exhibited signs of morbidity. Viral genome levels in the serum and tissues (excluding the brain) were considerably lower in the immunized mice compared to those in the mock group. The SC administration of Dengvaxia resulted in lower viremia levels than IP administration did. Therefore, given that A129 mice manifest dengue-related morbidity, including viremia in the serum and other tissues, these mice represent a valuable model for investigating novel dengue vaccines and antiviral drugs and for exploring dengue pathogenesis.
Differential Impact of the Biodegradation Sunflower Oil, Particulate Substrate, Caused by the Presence of Saccharose, Soluble Substrate, on Activated Sludge Treatment
Authors: Cisterna-Osorio Pedro , Moraga-Chaura Miguel , Manrique-Suárez Raydel , Vega-Coloma Mabel
Published: December 2023

This research studies the biodegradation of sunflower-type vegetative oil in two proposed activated sludge systems, the first one to biologically treat an influent containing only vegetative oil and the second one to treat a mixture of vegetable oil plus saccharose. The purpose of these analyses is to evaluate the differential impact caused by the soluble substrate saccharose on the removal of vegetative oil. Vegetative oil biodegradation in both systems was studied and quantified via integral mass balance, and relevant operating parameters were monitored. This experimentation based on the mass balance estimation of biodegraded vegetative oil serves as a reference to understand the effect of soluble substrates present in mixed wastewater on oil biodegradation. Information was generated on the performance of the two activated sludge treatment systems. Both influents were pre-stirred before they entered the bench-scale activated sludge plants. The working range for sunflower oil concentration was 120 to 520 mg/L for the influent with sunflower oil and 180 to 750 mg/L for the influent with sunflower oil and saccharose. Biodegradation was in the order of 56 to 72% and 47 to 67%, respectively. The removal of sunflower oil in biodegradation and flotation was in the order of 90% in both scenarios.
Deformation Pattern and Failure Mechanism of Railway Embankment Caused by Lake Water Fluctuation Using Earth Observation and On-Site Monitoring Techniques
Authors: Li Shengxiang , Li Yongwei , Xu Linrong
Published: December 2023

The prediction of railway embankment failure is still a global challenge for the railway industry due to the complexity of embankment failure mechanisms. In this work, the pre-failure deformation and the settlement from abnormal deformation to the final failure were investigated based on earth observation and on-site monitoring with a focus on the deformation stage and failure mechanism of railway embankments. Some new viewpoints are suggested: (1) the differential settlement of ~19 mm revealed via InSAR at the failure region of the embankment may have been caused by internal erosion after rapid drawdown. The cumulative settlement was found to increase with the decline of the lake water level. (2) The railway embankment experienced three phases of primary, secondary, and accelerated creep phases, similar to the evolution of most landslide or dam failures. However, the train loading and seepage force may have aggravated the secondary consolidation, promoting the embankment to enter the accelerated creep phase quickly. The deformation pattern was presented as an exponential curve trend. (3) The formation mechanism of embankment collapse can be summarized as “seepage failure-creep-shear slip-collapse” failure under repeated train loading and rapid drawdown. This work provides some clues for early warnings and for the development of maintenance plans.
Prosthetic heart valves in the work of a cardiological nurse
Authors:   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 400131, Volgograd, Russia, Khristov Y.D. , Skvortsov V.V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 400131, Volgograd, Russia, Rodionova I.V. ,   FSBEI HE Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia, 400131, Volgograd, Russia
Published: December 2023

Valvular defects are one of the most frequent causes of valvular insufficiency. Among acquired defects, they rank first in Europe and are the most common cause of heart surgery (46.6% of all planned heart operations in Russia in 2015). Meanwhile, there are no major modern studies of the epidemiology and treatment of these pathologies. The population is rapidly aging, and therefore valve pathologies are more and more common; being acquired, they develop for decades and usually manifest themselves at the age of over 40 years. Treatment of heart valve defects by conservative methods is symptomatic, since it is impossible to reverse morphofunctional tissue changes. The only way to finally defeat the disease is surgical inter vention and transplantation of a new valve.
Calculation the number of days of leave left unused when medical workers are dismissed
Authors:   Department of Economics and Management of the Institute of Economics, Management and Law. Moscow City University. Moscow, Shinkareva O.V. , Evdokimova U.V. ,   Department of Financial Management and Financial Law, Moscow Metropolitan Governance Yury Luzhkov University. Moscow
Published: December 2023

The study examined the situation faced constantly by the accountant of medical organizations — determining the number of days of leave left unused when dismissing medical workers. The article details the stages that will allow this to be done — determining the length of service of an employee in the organization, giving the right to leave; Calculate the employee’s work period in the organization in months Calculate the number of days of leave that an employee has accumulated since the start of work, count the number of days of leave that the employee has already used for the entire duration of his work, and determine the number of days of unused leave by reducing the number of days of leave to which the employee is entitled, the days of leave he has already used. Aspects that are not directly regulated by law are highlighted, and the author’s position on such issues is presented. Practical examples are given. Conclusions based on the results of the study.
SELECTION OF LIQUID RING VACUUM PUMP FOR BALL MILL WITH VACUUM OUTLET
Authors: Chumikov Yu. , Rodionov Yu. , Skomorohova A. , Sokolov M. , Glivenkova O. , Sukhova A.
Published: December 2023

The use of powders is of interest in many industries. At the same time, the degree of grinding of materials depends on the intended purpose; in particular, in the production of paints, it is necessary to ensure a certain fineness of grinding of the pigment. The smaller the particles, the higher its hiding power. However, excessively high grinding fineness may reduce the hiding power of the pigment. It is proposed to grind the pigment in a two-section cylindrical-conical ball mill with vacuum removal of particles of a given degree of grinding. The article describes the design of the mill and shows a diagram of the line for vacuum transportation of the crushed pigment. The purpose of the work is to determine the main parameters of the vacuum line of pneumatic transport when grinding solid organic materials using a ball mill with a vacuum outlet. A method for calculating the geometric, kinematic and dynamic parameters of the developed mill and pneumatic transport line is presented. A significant reduction in energy costs for excess grinding is achieved through timely vacuum removal of crushed particles. The vacuum in the system is created and maintained by a liquid ring vacuum pump. Various options for the operation of the developed installation are described: direct grinding; additional grinding and recirculation of additional liquid generated during the operation of the liquid ring vacuum pump, which further reduces energy costs during grinding
THE STRESS-STRAIN STATE OF THE FOUNDATION IN PERMAFROST CONDITIONS AND ITS EFFECT ON THE FORCES IN THE ELEMENTS OF THE ABOVEGROUND PART OF THE BUILDING
Authors: Esipov S. , Turkov A. , Diachenko A. , Esipova D.
Published: December 2023

The article considers examples of space-planning and structural solutions of frame buildings during construction in permafrost regions. The most typical schemes and methods of solving problems related to compensation of deformations during cyclic freezing and thawing, temperature influence on the condition of foundations, as well as the compilation of design schemes of foundations and aboveground structures, taking into account the factors of actual operation, are analyzed. The problems of assessing the technical condition of foundations and compiling mathematical models for calculating structures by the finite element method in permafrost conditions are highlighted. A program of numerical experimental studies has been developed that allows obtaining the desired dependencies of the stress-strain state and creating a computational model that adequately corresponds to the actual operation of structures in permafrost. The following are the matrices developed by the authors of varied factors, on the basis of which calculation it is possible to take into account additional factors arising in the structures when the homogeneity of the frozen base is violated. Prerequisites are given for drawing up the most correct calculation scheme for controlling the behavior of foundations on frozen soils. A method of taking into account the possible temperature precipitation of the base on the distribution of internal force factors in the above fundament structure is proposed
AIR ENTRACTION PORES IN THE STRUCTURE OF AERED CONCRETE
Authors: Suleymanov K.
Published: December 2023

Aerated concrete is one of the most popular building materials, which has unique properties such as light weight, high sound and heat insulation characteristics and strength. However, its porous structure may reduce its strength and durability. In this article, the author examines the various types of pores in aerated concrete and their effect on its properties. Gel and capillary pores are the main types of pores that are formed during the production of aerated concrete. Air (gas) pores are formed as a result of a chemical reaction between gas and binder. They also affect the properties of aerated concrete, but to a lesser extent than gel and capillary ones. However, air entrainment pores negatively affect the quality of aerated concrete. This type of pore is formed when pouring an aerated concrete mixture and represents air bubbles that reduce the strength of the material and impair its thermal insulation properties. To improve the quality of aerated concrete and prevent the formation of air entrainment pores, it is necessary to optimize production technologies and control the pouring process. The article also discusses the features of the formation of an air entrainment pore and the transformation of the shape of entrained air in an air entrainment pore with the shape of an inverted drop.
Southern connections. Metamorphosis of a particular type of anthropomorphic vessels in the area of the Cucuteni civilization
Authors: Țurcanu Senica , Kovacs Adela
Published: December 2023

The paper presents four fragmentary anthropomorphic vessels discovered ca. 60 years ago on the territory of Botoșani County, at Cervicești – La Morișcă (Mihai Eminescu commune) and Drăgușeni – Ostrov (Drăgușeni commune), left unpublished in the collections of the Botoșani County Museum. Starting from the presentation of these artefacts and integrating similar discoveries from the Gumelnița, Stoicani‑Aldeni and Cucuteni cultural areas, the work analyses the metamorphoses of a particular type of anthropomorphic vessel in the area of the Cucuteni civilization. More precisely, the paper follows typologically the transformation of the base of the vessels from the anthropomorphic silhouette naturalistically figured, with the anatomical profile correctly rendered, with the soles and feet clearly indicated, to the intermediate rhomboidal sole and then to the ovoid or circular base. Confirming the hypothesis of Gumelnița influences penetrating the Cucuteni environment, the analysis of the new materials and the typological connections illustrate and highlight the role of a transmission vector and intermediary between the North and the South that the Stoicani‑Aldeni cultural environment played for contemporary or immediately subsequent Eneolithic communities during the second half of the 5th millennium BC.
Analiza antropologică a depunerilor funerare de la Orlea / Anthropological analysis of the funerary depositions at Orlea
Authors: Șendroiu Costin‑Alexandru
Published: December 2023

Subiectul articolului vizează analiza antropologică a unei serii de morminte descoperite în anii 1966 și 1968 în punctul Orlea – Grindul Iancu Mușat. Înmormântările analizate se plasează în perioada târzie La Tène, datarea relativă fiind în secolele II– I a. Chr. Înmormântările de aici sunt caracterizate de depuneri în gropi, unele individuale, unde sunt prezenți doar indivizi sub‑adulți și altele colective, cu indivizi atât sub‑adulți, cât și adulți. Înmormântările reprezintă un tip de context caracteristic pentru perioada secolelor II– I a. Chr. și pentru spațiul cultural de origine al materialelor. Pentru acest interval cronologic se remarcă faptul că cea mai mare parte a indivizilor proveniți din contexte de inhumație au fost identificați în astfel de gropi. Unele materiale au mai fost analizate antropologic la scurt timp după descoperire, dar mare parte a lor nu au mai fost identificate în depozitul Institutului de Antropologie „ Fr. I. Rainer” din București. De asemenea, în prezent o mare parte a materialelor se păstrează amestecate, pentru unii dintre indivizi nefiind posibilă atribuirea clară a oaselor din cauza similitudinilor tafonomice și a gradului ridicat de fragmentare. La prima publicare, indivizii au fost publicați ca posibile victime ale unor sacrificii umane, însă rezultatele prezentei analize nu pot confirma o astfel de cauză a morții din punct de vedere antropologic, ca urmare a lipsei urmelor de violență peri‑mortem. Problematica sacrificiilor umane este una larg dezbătută în literatura de specialitate, mulți dintre indivizii înhumați proveniți din astfel de gropi fiind considerați victime ale sacrificiilor, deși analizele antropologice recente nu au identificat urme de violență peri‑mortem. Este presupusă existența unei depuneri anterioare depunerii finale în morminte, sugerată de prezența urmelor de dinți de animale care indică accesul acestora la defuncți.
Determination of origin of transport amphorae of Heraclean type: lab reassessment of their recent reallocation to Apollonia Pontica
Authors: Dupont Pierre
Published: December 2023

ROM: Rezultatele analizelor XRF nu sprijină pe de‑a întregul propunerea lui Balabanov de reatribuire a acestui tip de amfore Apolloniei, așa cum a fost sugerată de Vladimir Katz și Natalia Pavlcihenko.
The mortuary treatment of children at Late Roman/Early Byzantine (L)Ibida (4th – 6th Centuries AD)
Authors: Crețu Ciprian
Published: December 2023

This study evaluates the treatment of children in death through an examination of the available archaeological evidence related to mortuary practices from Late Roman and Early Byzantine (L) Ibida (Slava Rusă, Tulcea County, Romania). Certain components such as burial location, grave type, orientation, body position, and grave goods were analyzed based on a sample of 41 non‑adult individual burials. A differential approach that involved making a comparison and highlighting the similarities and differences between non‑adult and adult burials was used. The instances where adults and non‑adults were buried together in the same grave were also discussed. Although differences were apparent in certain instances, it was found that children were not necessarily buried differently than adults. The limits of the study determined by the current state of research and by sample sizes are highlighted. Additionally, it is acknowledged that caution should be exercised as material remains and their interpretation only reveal a part of the entire story related to any mortuary behavior.
Pedeapsă după moarte? Cazul mormântului 239 de la Pecica – Situl 15. Death punishment? The case of burial 239 from Pecica – Site 15
Authors: Gáll Erwin , Mărginean Florin , Huba Hőgyes Mihály , Vasile Gabriel
Published: December 2023

Săpăturile arheologice preventive, efectuate în ultimii ani ca urmare a unor lucrări de infrastructură sau amenajări spațiale pe teritoriul administrativ al oraşului Pecica (județul Arad, România), au scos la iveală așezări și situri funerare databile în diferite epoci. În contextul săpăturilor arheologice preventive aferente construirii tronsonului Nădlac– Pecica al Autostrăzii A1 a fost investigată de către o echipă de la Muzeul Judeţean Satu Mare, printre altele, o suprafață de aproximativ 10,10 ha, aflată la cca 2 km ENE de localitatea Pecica, denumită Situl 15.

Cercetările arheologice au avut ca rezultat identificarea unui număr de 469 de complexe arheologice, din opt perioade diferite. Între aceste complexe arheologice, se disting două grupuri de morminte din perioada avară timpurie. Mormântul Cx. 239 a fost identificat la marginea suprafeței excavate, la aproximativ 5 m spre sud de mormintele Cx. 223 și 224. Defunctul era așezat cu fața în jos (decubit ventral), fiind în poziție orizontală, cu brațul drept întins pe lângă corp și cu cel stâng plasat sub bazin. Din poziția brațelor se poate conchide că acestea nu au fost legate. Pe baza inventarului depus în mormânt și a datării cu 14C, complexul poate fi încadrat între anii 600– 641 (sigma 1). Înmormântarea în poziție decubit ventral a defunctului (spre deosebire de cea în decubit dorsal), în cazul de faţă o femeie, nu are analogii în regiunea Mureșului de Jos, iar în urma repertorierii efectuate (195 de situri funerare) este aproape complet absentă în secolele VI– VII. În general, asemenea situații au fost interpretate ori ca o pedeapsă post‑mortem aplicată decedatului (și posibil rudelor acestuia) sub formă de excludere după moarte, ori ca un rit apotropaic de alungare a potențialelor energii negative emanate de către morți, de exemplu, deochiul. În opinia noastră, aceste două interpretări fac parte din același sistem de gândire deoarece, în ambele cazuri, esența este frica față de individul îngropat. În cazul mormântului 239 de la Pecica – Situl 15, în lipsa analizelor histologice și paleopatologice, nu putem lega teama comunității de o maladie vizibilă a defunctului. În stadiul actual al cercetării, credem că avem de‑a face cu un ritual în care comunitatea s‑a „ asigurat” că defunctul și sufletul său nu s‑ar putea întoarce.
A new medieval cemetery discovered at Târgoviște (Dâmbovița County, Romania). Bioarchaeological characteristics
Authors: Vasile Gabriel
Published: December 2023

Cercetările arheologice preventive recente de la Târgoviște au condus la descoperirea unui segment dintr‑un cimitir medieval (sec. XVI– XVII), inedit sub aspect arheologic și documentar. Au fost identificate 18 gropi de inhumație ce conțin cel puțin 19 morminte, în care am deosebit 36 de indivizi. Sub raport demografic am înregistrat 23 de subadulți (un foetus, 11 infant, zece copii, un adolescent de sex masculin) și 13 adulți (câte doi adulți tineri, maturi și bătrâni, dintre care un individ de sex masculin, șase de sex feminin și șase indeterminabili). Mortalitatea crescută în rândurile subadulților a fost evidențiată atât prin manifestări traumatice, soldate într‑un caz cu o moarte violentă, dar și prin intermediul a trei indicatori scheletici și dentari ai stresului biologic : hipoplazia liniară a smalțului dentar, cribra orbitalia, osteoperiostita. Printre agenții etiologici ai acestor condiții patologice se numără deficiențele nutriționale sau bolile infecțioase. Înregistrarea manifestărilor patologice observate în eșantionul analizat furnizează informații însemnate cu privire la condițiile socio‑economice și modul de viață specific populației din Muntenia evului mediu.
L'adresse dans les tirs au panier en basket-ball
Authors: Grosgeorge Bernard
Published: December 2023

Nous avons analysé les particularités du tir au panier et son évolution selon 1'entraînement et les conditions environnementales faites au tireur, lors de rencontres sportives de basket-ball en vue de prédire les stratégies et comportements qu'utilisent les joueurs selon les exigences de la tâche et leur ni¬ veau de maîtrise sportive. Ces observations nous ont :

1) éclairé sur les différences comportementales dans l'organisation de la réponse selon le niveau de maîtrise sportive,

2) donne une meilleure connaissance des régulations et des processus impliqués lors du tir au panier.

Si la vision joue un rôle important pour localiser la cible et situer le tireur dans l 'environnement , elle intervient aussi pour fixer les modalités du programme de lancer.

Pour s'adapter aux nécessités de l'action, le tireur doit intégrer des variables imprévisibles dans la coordination du geste pour surprendre 1'adversaire quant à la nature et au moment du déclenchement du tir. La phase préparatoire du tir est influencée par la proximité de l'adversaire. Selon le niveau de maîtrise sportive, le joueur a une plus grande liberté pour abréger ou retarder la phase dynamique du tir (et éventuellement inclure de nouvelles informations) .

Ce qui est le plus économique sur le plan bio-mécanique ne correspond pas nécessairement au choix effectué par les tireurs expérimentés. En effet, si le tireur déclenche son tir toujours au même moment il risque de minimiser les risques de maladresse mais simultanément il donne beaucoup d'informations à son (ou ses) adversaire (s).

Il existe donc un rapport inverse entre la réponse la plus économique et son imprévisibilité.

Les joueurs les plus expérimentés prennent en compte cette dimension dans l'exécution de leurs tirs.
Rôle des indices visuels et des processus cognitifs dans l'acquisition d'un geste technique au football
Authors: Vankersschaver Jacques
Published: December 2023

Le rôle des indices visuels dans le contrôle de la locomotion ou des coordinations oculo-manuelles, bien connu dans ses aspects élémentaires, pose de nombreuses questions dès que les tâches se complexifient. Dans une poursuite particulière, puisque la cible est mise en mouvement par le sujet lui-même, nous essaierons de montrer que l'extrême complexité des coordinations sensori-motrices présentes dans l'habileté étudiée (courir avec un ballon dans les pieds) conduit le sujet à utiliser les processus cognitifs, pour aider de façon économique les processus sensori-moteurs à la régulation de l'action. Dix-huit sujets (six débutants, six moyens, six confirmés) effectuent une course avec la balle dans les pieds. Le but de l'expérience est d'étudier les éléments de contrôle de la trajectoire que les sujets utilisent pour rejoindre la balle après lui avoir impulsé une force. En variant les indices visuels dans le sens d'une diminution progressive, on a constaté que les trois groupes présentent des moyens de contrôle différents. Si les processus cognitifs jouent un rôle important, les indices visuels de sensation de mouvement offrent plus de renseignements aux sujets que les indices visuels de vision du but. Cette expérience montre également la place prépondérante que joue la proprioception dans le contrôle de l'habileté sensori-motrice.
Vers une analyse biodynamique du mouvement par digitalisation vidéo informatisée
Authors: Beuter Anne
Published: December 2023

Pour mieux comprendre les processus qui gouvernent les performances motrices, des techniques nouvelles de plus en plus sophistiquées faisant appel aux ordinateurs, microprocesseurs couplés avec des appareils vidéo ont été mises au point. Actuellement, les composantes spatio-temporelles du mouvement peuvent être explorées par digitalisation automatique d’enregistrements vidéo. Le système présenté dans cet article se compose d’un microprocesseur, de deux lecteurs de disques, de deux moniteurs, d’un analyseur de mouvement, d’une caméra vidéo, de convertisseur analogique/digital, et d’une carte de digitalisation. Des programmes ont été spécialement développés pour exploiter ce système. Ces programmes permettent de normaliser, calibrer, digitaliser, conserver en mémoire, lisser et imprimer des données sous forme de coordonnées cartésiennes ou d’angles formés par des marqueurs réfléchissants placés sur certains emplacements anatomiques des sujets. Ils permettent aussi de calculer la vitesse et l’accélération des déplacements des segments en mouvement. La précision du système a été mesurée en comparant ses performances avec celles d’un système cinématographique. Il a été démontré que les deux méthodes présentent une approximation satisfaisante des valeurs critères utilisées pour l’expérience. La méthode cinématographique s’est avérée plus précise et plus lente, et la méthode vidéographique s’est avérée plus rapide mais moins précise. La calibration du système a été effectuée en faisant une analyse de régression sur les données brutes digitalisées par le système. Il a été démontré que la distorsion du système est négligeable. Trois limitations du système ont été mentionnées : sa mémoire, sa précision et sa vitesse d’exécution et des suggestions ont été faites pour contourner ces limitations. Il a aussi été indiqué que les avantages du système compensent largement ses limitations car il est simple à utiliser, relativement précis, fidèle, efficace et peu onéreux à installer et à faire fonctionner. Il ne comporte ni extraction fastidieuse, ni préparation des données et l’intervention humaine est minimale. C’est un outil adaptable (en laboratoire et sur le terrain) et utile pour un laboratoire.
Intérêt de l'étude de la relation force-vitesse chez l'athlète
Authors: Larrat Laurence , Gioux Maxime , Arne P. , Delage Jean-Paul
Published: December 2023

Nous avons pu à partir de l’étude de la relation force-vitesse caractériser les possibilités d’un groupe musculaire (quadriceps) chez une population de 7 athlètes de haut niveau. Les mesures de la force et de la vitesse ont été effectuées sur un appareil isokinétique (qui impose une vitesse constante au mouvement) au cours d’un mouvement volontaire maximal d’extension de la jambe. La population était composée de 4 athlètes endurants et de 3 athlètes sprinters possédant un acquis préalable de plusieurs années d’entraînement et de compétition. Les 3 séries de mesures ont été effectuées avant et après entraînement et après une période de désentraînement. Cette étude a été réalisée sur des athlètes poursuivant leur programme d’entraînement réellement pratiqué sur le terrain. Ceci pourrait expliquer le fait que certains changements sont plus longs à apparaître que chez des sujets non sportifs (% d’évolution faible). Les résultats ont montré une différence significative entre les 2 populations de sportifs avant, après entraînement et après désentraînement. Une évolution apportée par l’entraînement a également été constatée.
Contrôle de l'activité du système sympathique à l'exercice prolongé : rôle de la glycémie
Authors: Péronnet François , Jacks Bruce , Thibault Guy , Perrault Hélène , Cousineau Daniel
Published: December 2023

Chez le Chien à l’exercice prolongé sous sotatol, la réponse de la catécholaminémie qui est plus importante chez le Chien normal apparaît reliée à la chute marquée de la glycémie. Il en est de même chez l’homme effectuant un exercice prolongé avec des réserves de glycogène basses. Au contraire, lorsque les réserves de glycogène sont normales ou élevées, la glycémie ne subit pas de chute significative et la catécholaminémie est moins haute que lorsque les réserves de glycogène sont basses. De la même façon l’administration régulière de glucose par voie orale au cours d’un exercice prolongé limite la chute de la glycémie et réduit considérablement la réponse sympathique. Cette réduction affecte la concentration plasmatique d’adrénaline et de noradrénaline. Ces observations, qui sont concordantes avec d’autres données rapportées dans la littérature confirment que la glycémie participe au contrôle de l’activité sympathique au cours de l’exercice prolongé.
Pour une réflexion didactique
Authors: Pouillart Gilbert
Published: December 2023

La conception et la fabrication d’objets didactiques (tâches et dispositifs permettant l’acquisition et/ou l’emploi de savoirs et savoir-faire donnés) sont jusqu’ici peu étudiés dans le domaine des A. P. S... L’abondance de recettes et de descriptions techniques peut de moins en moins masquer le manque d’une réflexion didactique, portant sur l’identification et la rationalisation des informations, des instruments de pensée qu’elle utilise, et, à un deuxième degré, sur la didactique elle-même, son statut et les conditions de validité de ses productions.

La didactique apparaît comme fournissant un travail de bureau d’études ; on peut la distinguer des instances de responsabilité qui la gouvernent de l’amont (projet éducatif) et lui «passent com¬ mande» de l’aval (intervention de terrain). A ce titre, elle peut et doit sortir de la confusion et de l’empirisme, et ambitionner de se construire une technologie explicite et rationalisée, et, peut-être, une théorie et une épistémologie.
Objet culturel, objet technique, objet didactique. Formes et statuts des apprentissages. Epistémologie historique de la pédagogie des activités physiques et sportives (exemple de la natation : Lyon 19ème siècle -1914)
Authors: Arnaud Pierre
Published: December 2023

L’intérêt d’une histoire du sport et de ses techniques tient en grande partie à l’identification des conditions de création, de transformation et de diffusion des «formes» de pratique des activités physiques. L’analyse du rapport A.P.S.-E.P.S. (c’est-à-dire entre les formes sociales de la pratique des activités physiques et sportives et leur forme scolaire) débouche, en particulier, sur une représentation des fondements culturels de la didactique de l’éducation physique. Or, à la fin du 19ème siècle, le développement des «sports athlétiques» rendait possible leur intégration dans les programmes scolaires. Il n’en fut rien. En limitant ici exclusivement nos exemples au domaine de la natation, nous indiquons par quelles étapes et selon quelles transformations s’opère le passage du culturel au pédagogique. Il s’ensuit l’instauration d’une distance culturelle entre la culture vécue, la culture légitime et la culture imposée, qui fait de la technique un objet formel justifiant le prosélytisme pédagogique et didactique et qui, à terme, place chaque sujet en situation d’étran¬ ger par rapport à ses propres pratiques. C’est d’ailleurs ce processus de civilisation et d’accultura¬ tion qui, condamnant les particularismes, participe à la lente édification d’une culture physique nationale.
La représentation sociale de l'enseignement d'E.P.S. comme facteur de changement pédagogique
Authors: Dorvillé Christian
Published: December 2023

Une expérimentation en milieu scolaire vise à montrer que la prise de conscience par l’enseignant d’E.P.S. du décalage existant entre les représentations réelle et idéale du professeur selon les élèves, l’amène le plus souvent à rapprocher ses pratiques éducatives des attentes des apprenants.