bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Habilidade de ortodontistas e leigos na percepção de assimetrias da mandíbula
Authors: Silva Narjara Condurú Fernandes da , Aquino Éllida Renata Barroso de , Mello Karina Corrêa Flexa Ribeiro , Mattos José Nazareno Rufino , Normando David
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: analisar a habilidade de ortodontistas e leigos para perceber as assimetrias faciais causadas por desvios mandibulares. MÉTODOS: foram obtidas fotografias frontais da face de dois indivíduos, sendo um do sexo masculino e outro do sexo feminino. As fotografias foram tiradas em Posição Natural de Cabeça (PNC) com desvios mandibulares progressivos - em 2, 4 e 6mm -, partindo-se da posição de Máxima Intercuspidação Habitual (MIH). Para testar a reprodutibilidade do método, utilizaram-se os Coeficientes de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC) e o teste de Kappa ponderado.As diferenças entre os examinadores leigos e ortodontistas foram investigadas através do teste de Mann-Whitney, enquanto a análise de Friedman foi utilizada para investigar as diferenças nos escores para os progressivos avanços mandibulares. Todas as estatísticas foram executadas com nível de confiabilidade de 95%. RESULTADOS: os ortodontistas foram hábeis em perceber os desvios somente a partir de 4mm, quando comparados à posição de MIH (p≤0,05), enquanto os leigos tiveram o mesmo padrão para o indivíduo do sexo feminino. Porém, ao examinar o sujeito do sexo masculino, os leigos não observaram nenhuma alteração executada a partir de MIH (p>0,05). De modo geral, apesar de as medianas atribuídas pelos ortodontistas terem sido menores que as dos leigos, essa diferença foi significativa apenas para o desvio de 6mm, em ambos os pacientes. CONCLUSÕES: ortodontistas e leigos avaliaram a assimetria mandibular de modo diferente, visto que ortodontistas tendem a ser mais críticos quando as assimetrias são mais severas. Conclui-se, ainda, que existe variação na avaliação das assimetrias faciais dependendo do paciente examinado, principalmente entre os examinadores leigos.
Prevalência de má oclusão em crianças de 7 a 12 anos de idade
Authors: Almeida Marcio Rodrigues de , Pereira Alex Luiz Pozzobon , Almeida Renato Rodrigues de , Almeida-Pedrin Renata Rodrigues de , Silva Filho Omar Gabriel da
Published: November 2011

OBJETIVO: verificar a prevalência de más oclusões em 3.466 crianças com 7 a 12 anos de idade, matriculadas em escolas públicas nas cidades de Lins/SP e Promissão/SP. MÉTODOS: considerou-se a relação sagital entre as arcadas dentárias, a relação interarcadas no sentido transversal e a relação de incisivos nos sentidos vertical e horizontal. Na relação intra-arcada avaliou-se a prevalência de diastemas, apinhamentos e perdas dentárias. RESULTADOS: entre as más oclusões, 55,25% das crianças apresentaram uma relação molar de Classe I, seguida de 38% de Classe II e 6,75% de Classe III. Na relação de incisivos houve prevalência de mordida aberta em 17,65% dos casos, seguida de 13,28% para mordida profunda e 5,05% de mordida cruzada anterior. A mordida cruzada posterior foi encontrada em 13,3% das crianças. Na relação intra-arcada, 31,88% das crianças mostraram diastemas; 31,59%, apinhamento; e 4,65%, perdas dentárias.
Eye‐safety analysis of phase‐only holographic projection systems
Authors: Buckley Edward
Published: November 2011

Abstract— Recently, laser‐safety analyses have been presented for scanned‐beam and LCOS imaging projectors. A third class of projection technology, based on the properties of phase‐only diffraction, is differentiated from scanned‐beam and LCOS counterparts in its ability to provide a significantly higher effective luminous flux for video style images. In this paper, this desirable property is recognized by the definition of the “video lumen” and a detailed design fora hypothetical holographic projector and corresponding laser safety analysis is presented. As in the case of conventional amplitude‐modulating LCOS projectors, a holographic projector is capable of delivering several hundred white lumens in Class 2; an appropriately specified holographic projector can also provide several tens of video lumens while maintaining a Class 1 classification.
Visual‐quality estimation using objective metrics
Authors: Farias Mylène C. Q.
Published: November 2011

Abstract— In the past few years, a big effort in the scientific community has been devoted to the development of better image‐ and video‐quality metrics that correlate well with the human perception of quality. In this paper, an overview of the main ideas used in the design of objective quality metrics is given. More specifically, we briefly describe the different types of objective metrics and present a representative set of the different approaches taken by these algorithms. Finally, the challenges and recent developments in the area of image and video quality are discussed.
AC powder electroluminescent displays
Authors: Withnall Robert , Silver Jack , Harris Paul G. , Ireland Terry G. , Marsh Paul J.
Published: November 2011

Abstract— The current status of AC powder electroluminescent (ACPEL) displays is reviewed with particular emphasis given to color and lifetime. The printing of the displays in forward and reverse architectures is also discussed, in addition to the fabrication of ACPEL displays with interdigitated electrodes, and different types of ACPEL phosphors and materials for back electrodes, transparent conducting electrodes, binders, and dielectrics are considered. Furthermore, shape conformable and highly flexible ACPEL displays are surveyed.
The environmental benefits of thin glass for display substrates
Authors: Grochocinski James M. , Murakami Ryoichiro , Kuo Thomas
Published: November 2011

Abstract— There is an ever‐increasing societal expectation to reduce the amount of atmospheric carbon created by human activity. This pressure has resulted in both mandatory government regulations and voluntary industry initiatives. There are also increasing expectations to reduce the amount of noxious or undesirable elements and chemicals used in the manufacturing of products and in the products themselves. As a supplier of substrate glass to the display industry, Corning has proactively responded to these expectations in a variety of ways. For example, Corning provides the most environmentally friendly LCD glass, EAGLE XG® substrate glass, which has no added heavy metals or halides. In addition, the introduction of EAGLE XG® Slim substrates will have significant benefits in reducing the amount of carbon used in the production and transportation of glass substrates and of the products incorporating them. In this paper, several environmental benefits of moving to thin glass substrates are demonstrated: the reduction of carbon created in the manufacturing of glass, the reduction of carbon created in the transportation of glass and the products containing glass, and the elimination or reduction of noxious chemicals used in the thinning of display panels.
Watt‐level compact green laser for projection display
Authors: Gan Yi , Xu Qing‐Yang , Lu Yang , Sun Jian , Xu Chang‐Qing
Published: November 2011

Abstract— In this paper, a compact efficient diode‐pumped solid‐state (DPSS) green laser based on a periodically poled MgO:LiNbO3 (MgO:PPLN) crystal, which is suitable for low‐cost mass production, was demonstrated. A linearly polarized 532‐nm laser light of 1.02‐W CW output power was obtained by employing a simple parallel‐plane configuration. A numerical method, based on the 1 ‐D coupled‐mode equations, is used in the cavity design and investigation of the intra‐cavity second‐harmonic‐generation process.
Luminous‐efficiency improvement of solar‐cell‐integrated high‐contrast organic light‐emitting diode by applying distributed Bragg reflector
Authors: Hsu Wei‐En , Lee Chao‐Te , Lin Hoang Yan
Published: November 2011

Abstract— Solar‐cell‐integrated organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) were fabricated with both high contrast ratio and energy‐recycling ability. However, the luminous efficiency of the integrated devices is reduced to 50% of that of conventional top‐emitting OLEDs. A novel structure to recover the luminous efficiency from 50% to near 85% by applying a distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) made of 20 layers of GaN/AlN was demonstrated. It saves about 40% of the electric power than that of a device without a DBR. The contrast ratio remains high compared to that of conventional OLEDs. In this paper, simulations were conducted first to prove our models and assumptions. Then, two types of thin‐film solar cells — CdTe and CIGS solar cells — were used. They had different contrast ratios as well as viewing‐angle properties. Finally, the emission spectrum was calculated to be 11 nm FWHM, which is narrower than that for the emission spectrum of a typical microcavity OLED and has the advantage of having saturated colors.
Pollinator effectiveness varies with experimental shifts in flowering time
Authors: Rafferty Nicole E. , Ives Anthony R.
Published: November 2011

The earlier flowering times exhibited by many plant species are a conspicuous sign of climate change. Altered phenologies have caused concern that species could suffer population declines if they flower at times when effective pollinators are unavailable. For two perennial wildflowers, Tradescantia ohiensis and Asclepias incarnata, we used an experimental approach to explore how changing phenology affects the taxonomic composition of the pollinator assemblage and the effectiveness of individual pollinator taxa. After finding in the previous year that fruit set varied with flowering time, we manipulated flowering onset in greenhouses, placed plants in the field over the span of five weeks, and measured pollinator effectiveness as the number of seeds produced after a single visit to a flower. The average effectiveness of pollinators and the expected rates of pollination success were lower for plants of both species flowering earlier than for plants flowering at historical times, suggesting there could be reproductive costs to earlier flowering. Whereas for A. incarnata, differences in average seed set among weeks were due primarily to changes in the composition of the pollinator assemblage, the differences for T. ohiensis were driven by the combined effects of compositional changes and increases over time in the effectiveness of some pollinator taxa. Both species face the possibility of temporal mismatch between the availability of the most effective pollinators and the onset of flowering, and changes in the effectiveness of individual pollinator taxa through time may add an unexpected element to the reproductive consequences of such mismatches.
Multiple anthropogenic stressors and the structural properties of food webs
Authors: O'Gorman Eoin J. , Fitch Jayne E. , Crowe Tasman P.
Published: November 2011

Coastal environments are among the most productive on the planet, providing a wide range of ecosystem services. Development and exploitation mean that they are faced with stresses from a number of anthropogenic sources. Such stresses are typically studied in isolation, but multiple stressors can combine in unexpected ways to alter the structure of ecological systems. Here, we experimentally explore the impacts of inorganic nutrients and organic matter on a range of food web properties. We find that these two stressors combine additively to produce significant increases in connectance and mean food chain length. Such increases are typically associated with enhanced robustness to secondary extinctions and productivity, respectively. Despite these apparent beneficial effects, we find a simplification of web structure in terms of taxon richness and diversity, and altered proportions of basal and top species. These effects are driven by a reduction in community assembly and lower consistency in a range of system properties as a result of the multiple stressors. Consequently, impacted food webs are likely to be more vulnerable to human‐ or climate‐induced perturbations in the long term.
The Interactions of Anti-Cancer Drugs Approved in the Last Decade in the United States with Membrane Transporters
Authors: Jain Lokesh , Abraham Sophia , S. Shord Stacy
Published: November 2011

Membrane transporters play a role in determining the absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion of small molecule anticancer drugs and mediating chemosensitivity and resistance of tumor cells to these drugs. Our understanding of the influence of these transporters on the pharmacokinetics, clinical effectiveness and tolerability has considerably increased in the last decade. We reviewed the interaction of the small molecule anticancer drugs approved in the last decade with the more common membranes transporters, such as ABCB1, ABCG2, and OATP. The drugs were divided into three categories: targeted therapies, cytotoxic agents and hormonal therapies. The literature appears to focus on the interaction of the targeted therapies compared to the remaining two categories. Furthermore, most data stemmed from nonclinical studies with only a few clinical examples where transporters corresponded with systemic exposure, clinical effectiveness, or tolerability. More nonclinical and clinical studies are needed to improve the ability to use the findings from these nonclinical studies to predict clinical outcomes, but the literature appears to be rapidly expanding as our understanding of these transporters grows. Therefore, determining the interaction of membrane transporters with small molecule anticancer drugs can facilitate the development of effective and safe treatments.
Unsupervised Classification for Tiling Arrays: ChIP-chip and Transcriptome
Authors: Bérard Caroline , Martin-Magniette Marie-Laure , Brunaud Véronique , Aubourg Sébastien , Robin Stéphane
Published: November 2011

Tiling arrays make possible a large-scale exploration of the genome thanks to probes which cover the whole genome with very high density, up to 2,000,000 probes. Biological questions usually addressed are either the expression difference between two conditions or the detection of transcribed regions. In this work, we propose to consider both questions simultaneously as an unsupervised classification problem by modeling the joint distribution of the two conditions. In contrast to previous methods, we account for all available information on the probes as well as biological knowledge such as annotation and spatial dependence between probes. Since probes are not biologically relevant units, we propose a classification rule for non-connected regions covered by several probes. Applications to transcriptomic and ChIP-chip data of Arabidopsis thaliana obtained with a NimbleGen tiling array highlight the importance of a precise modeling and of the region classification. The "TAHMMAnnot" package is implemented in R and C and is freely available from CRAN.
Reduction of molybdenum oxide from steelmaking slags by pure liquid iron
Authors: Gao Y.M. , Jiang Y. , Huang S.
Published: November 2011

The effects of reaction temperature, slag basicity and FeO concentration on
the reduction of molybdenum oxide from steelmaking slags by pure liquid iron
were investigated experimently. The reduction kinetics of molybdenum oxide by
liquid iron was analysed. The reaction models were developed based on the
condition that diffusion of [Mo] in liquid iron and CaMoO4 in slag is the
control steps, respectively. These reaction models were tested using data
from a series of experiments. The results indicate that under the present
experimental conditions, the temperature and the FeO content, other than slag
basicity, have some effects on the reduction of molybdenum oxide from
steelmaking slags by pure liquid iron. Both the molybdenum oxide reduction
rate and final reduction ratio increase with an increase of temperature and a
decrease of FeO content. The diffusion of CaMoO4 in slag which dominated
overall reduction process is the only one ratecontrolling step with its
apparent activation energy 294 kJ/mol. The reduction of molybdenum oxide used
directly as alloy additive can be further enhanced by strong stirring in the
converter practice.
Economic and financial aspects of Serbia's regionalization
Authors: Mijatovic Bosko
Published: November 2011

The paper has two parts: in the first one, economic aspect of regionalization is considered, in the second a financial one. Regionalization, like every type of decentralization, represents a serious reform of a state and brings upon several expected as well as unexpected although significant effects on political, social, and economic life. Its goal is an improvement of political, social, and economic functions of a state, not their deterioration. Unfortunately, experience of other countries does not support overwhelming optimism. Most frequently, regionalization is done due to political considerations; economic considerations are of secondary importance or even neglected. Such a dominance of political reasoning neglects fundamental principles and arguments of the economic science, standards of rational approach to decentralization, and even economic efficiency and equality between citizens. Because of that, the emphasis in this paper is on economic and financial aspects of regionalization in Serbia. In the first part the author explores economic aspects of regionalization; four state functions (regulation, stabilization, redistribution, and allocation) in decentralized setting; relations between regionalization, deregulation, and privatization; vertical distribution of functions (exclusive functions by the state, exclusive functions by regions, shared functions). After that he explores advantages of the selected model of creating regions and distribution of authorities in Serbia, particularly economic authorities of regions (1. land planning, urban land use, housing; 2. development and maintenance of infrastructure of regional importance and coordination of public utilities in municipalities; 3. agriculture; 4. tourism; 5. forestry 6. hunting and fishing; 7. vocational training and employment; 8. ecology; 9. public works). Separate section is devoted to social protection (financial transfers and institutions). In the second part of the paper (Financing the Regions) the author first examines certain issues in principle (fiscal revenues, vertical and horizontal balance, debts and moral hazard) and then considers topics of financing regions in Serbia, such as revenues subsidies, and debts.
Regionalization in the function of internal political-territorial reintegration of Serbia
Authors: Stepic Milomir
Published: November 2011

Internal political-territorial structure of the state is being formed independently from its physical-geographic, anthropogeographic, historical ethno-confessional, cultural, communicational, geopolitical, interpolitical external-political and other factors. Its stability, duration and harmony could be achieved by using the complex principle for forming and marking of territorial units. However, their forming sometimes could be the result of administrative, or even ideological - political division of space. This imposed load and historical heritage could be found in Serbia - from the World War II to the modern ideas about the reshaping of Serbian political-territorial organization. Regionalization and constitution of Serbia as a regional state is a good base for eliminating destructive and centrifugal geopolitical processes that lead to the territorial disintegration of state, and at the same time it is a precondition for the decentralization that would provide a more efficient economy for the interest of population. Relatively small number of regions (the most usual is six), with a large area and a large population is not in accord with the needs of modern Serbia. Only organization of Serbia as a regional state with thirteen political-territorial units that, with some exceptions, would have 5.000-10.000 km2 and 500.000-1.000.000 residents, would have reintegrational geopolitical effects. Interregional connections would be intensive and solid, territorial and economic individuality inside the regions couldn't be changed into autarchy, etatism and centralization of newly formed regions. The basic function of suggested regions Backa, Banat, Srem and Macva Belgrade, Podunavlje, Western Serbia, Central Serbia, Eastern Serbia, Old Raska, Nis, Southeastern Serbia, Metohija and Kosovo would be to "dismantle" the present anachronic political-territorial division, to reduce and cancel fragmental and barrier effects of internal (provincial) borders and to be in the function of modernization and reintegration of Serbia in the near future.
Cross-border cooperation: A major element in regional policy in the new East Central Europe
Authors: Turnock David
Published: November 2011

Borders in East Central Europe have become much more permeable over the past ten years as formalities have been simplified and many new crossing points have opened. At the same time, cooperation in border regions has increased, thanks mainly to the EU 'Interreg' programmes, to include a range of business cultural and conservation interests. In many cases these arrangements have been formalized through Euroregions which have become an indicator of good international relations. The paper reviews these trends with reference to examples and pays particular attention to environmental projects and the joint planning initiatives being undertaken in a number of Euroregions. At a time when regional policy has been generally weak, cross-border cooperation has contributed significantly to cohesion and it is also a good indicator of stability in the region. However, the impact has been greater in the north than in the Balkans and the first round of EU eastern enlargement will have implications for cooperation across the new external borders.
Globalization of Serbia
Authors: Avramovic Zoran
Published: November 2011

The paper defines the notion of globalization as spreading of American culture to all countries in the world. The essential meaning of the ideology of globalization is the establishment of a new way to rule the world. The idea of American world leadership, supported by the entire elite of the American society, is underlined. The second part analyses examples of the globalization of the Serbian society. Media and education are the two areas of social life in which the processes of Americanization are the strongest. The examples from economy, culture, entertainment and sport are also pointed out. The third part discusses the possibility of protection from globalization, pointing to the possibility of critical doubt as a part of the collective and individual consciousness in denying universality of the American model, as well as to the value of autonomy, unpredictability of human nature, and to the process of auto-criticism within the American society.
Globalization and international trade
Authors: Kotlica Slobodan
Published: November 2011

In this paper, the author discusses main characteristics of integration and globalization as economic phenomena. Basic characteristics of the contemporary wave of globalization were compared with the characteristics of the first wave of globalization (1870-1913). Two waves of globalization have important similarities. Ignoring of data from economic history became a source of myths about processes in modern world economy.
Germany as a contract partner of Serbia and Yugoslavia 1882-1992
Authors: Pavlica Branko
Published: November 2011

Continuously from 1882 to 1992 (till the disintegration of the former Yugoslavia), Germany was the contract partner of Serbia, that is The Kingdom of Yugoslavia, that is the SFR of Yugoslavia. In spite of belligerent relations (disruption of diplomatic relations, discontinuity of contract practice) Germany occupied an extremely significant place within the international contract capacity of Serbia in the 19th century, that is of The Kingdom of Yugoslavia between the two wars, and specially in the period from 1934. to 1941, that is of Yugoslavia in the period from 1949 to 1990. Precisely the history of international contracts - bilateral Serbian/Yugoslav-German contracts - is also the "history of (their) inter-state relations". Diplomatic political, trade, war or any other relations - one could always find their traces in bilateral contracts; the contracts regulated these relations and it could be said that the bilateral contracts are today the most important source of comprehensive and developed relations between the two countries. Actually bilateral contracts are the legal instruments for the regulation of relations between states.
Jihad in the world and domestic public
Authors: Jevtic Miroljub
Published: November 2011

Jihad ? a system of all activities and procedures implemented by the Moslems to achieve the triumph of their faith ? became specially interesting because of its belligerent variant. In the European visualization, it acquires the characteristics of the holy war. Under the influence of the ideas about globalization, the Moslems should also be included into that project, so the idea of jihad became an obstacle. Therefore the Euro-American practice in the media tried to disregard and neglect this idea, with the wrong belief that the problem itself would disappear within this negligence. In Yugoslavia the situation was similar. The Moslem media concealed that idea, and the greatest part of the non-Moslems discussed that problem in such a way that the phenomenon remained completely uninvestigated or wrongly presented, which in the end gave a bad result for the globalization itself.
The role of Yugoslav ideology in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script
Authors: Njegovan Drago
Published: November 2011

The paper deals with the issue of Yugoslav ideology and its role in suppressing the Serbian Cyrillic script. There were two different approaches in the concept of Yugoslavism as developed on the grounds of Illyrism (Lj. Gaj) in the midnineteenth century: the Croatian and the Serbian ones. The Croatian Yugoslavism (J.J. Strossmayer) was of a pro-Catholic and anti-Serbian character language and writing, it was manifested through annulling of Serbian language in the domain of "Croatian state legislation" and supression, prohibition and persecution of Serbian Cyrillic script. On the other hand, Serbian approach to Yugoslavism (T. Pavlovic, J. Subotic etc) was a tolerant one: the lingual diversity of the south Slavic peoples opposing the need for their co-operation. By the beginning of the 20th century the Croatian variant of Yugoslavism (with its three-tribal nation concept) prevailed over the Serbian one and became the grounding ideology for the new, common state. Its lingual union basing on the domination of the eastern ? ekavian ? pronunciation variant (from the Serbian language) and Latin letters (from the Croatian) was disadvantageous to both spoken and written Serbian language: the Serbs have accepted Latin writing and the Croats have never accepted the so-called eastern pronunciation. The consequences have not for diminished the Serbian Cyrillic script with the decline of the Yugoslav ideology (which was first abandoned by the Croats) nor with the falling apart of the Yugoslav state.
Demographic situation in Vojvodina in the last decade of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Djurdjev Branislav , Martinov-Cvejin Mirjana , Penev Goran , Jovanovic Sonja , Stevanovic Radoslav
Published: November 2011

On the basis of the analyzed demographic data for the last decade of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century, one could conclude that the most significant characteristics of the population of Vojvodina are: slow demographic increase; negative population growth; more and more unfavourable age structure; increase in the decision to remain single; relatively low level of urbanization, a very heterogeneous national composition of the population; acceptance of low reproductive norms in the majority of the population; and a very probable depopulation in the future. The discussed demographic features characteristic for Vojvodina as a whole are also present in most of the smaller territorial-administrative units like districts and muinicipalities. Their population is also characterized by the negative population growth, low birthrate and fertility, high general mortality-rate as well as by a very advanced process of demographic ageing. The analysis about the demographic situation in Vojvodina was primarily based on the data from the 1991 and 2002 censuses, as well as on the data of the vital statistics for that inter-census period.
The young and suicide: An analysis of the attitude to suicide in secondary schools in Subotica
Authors: Tokai Monika
Published: November 2011

Suicide has always been present in all societies regardless of their religion, governmental structure or culture. This phenomenon that follows the whole history of human kind requires a continuous research in all times and places. This paper tries to contribute to the sociological view of suicidalness, to give insight into some social, demographic and cultural characteristics of suicidal personality. This paper is based on the questionnaire research that was carried out among high school pupils in Subotica. The questionnaire investigates the existence of symptoms of depression among the young, also the demographic and cultural characteristics of depressive ones. The aim of this paper is: ? determining the existence of depression among the young according to the symptoms that were fixed by the International Organization of Diseases ? determining the level of social integration of the young in correlation with the level of depression, ? determining the presence of depression depending on the socio-demographic characteristics, ? the analysis of suicides in North Backa county.
Entertainment during the fast of the Serbian peasant youth in Novi Sad
Authors: Visekruna Danka
Published: November 2011

Gatherings of the Serbian peasant youth for various forms of entertainment like Sabac, Bubalice, Jezalo... during the six-week Great Easter Fast (when they did not go to the kolo dance, their main and popular entertainment) were a reflection of the strict observation of the patriarchal and Christian norms symbolized by the Fast. The participants in Sabac, Bubalice... were more serious, almost sad due to the mourning of the Christ?s passion and crucifixion. They entertained in the games without music, songs, merriment clamour, laughter, anything which is otherwise the essence of entertainment and games. Some of the games, e.g. Peacock (Paun). Passing Swallows.
Serbia at the time of Prince Milos (Ethnosociological treatises of Tihomir Djordjevic)
Authors: Zdravkovic Danijela
Published: November 2011

The work of Tihomir Djordjevic contributes to the establishment and development of ethnosociology among the Serbs and enables a better insight into the traditional basis of Serbian society (during the rule of Prince Milos). Therefore, the visionary views of T. Djordjevic represent a cultural heritage and a rich material for the study of the form of social community of the Serbs in the past and its developmental circumstances. Studying the folk life, he indirectly studied the condition and social relations in the traditional peasant society, not neglecting the emerging of the young Serbian bourgeois society. The basic characteristic of Djordjevic?s initial vision of the Serbian society, that is the specification of "turmoil" as the basic feature of Serbia two hundred years ago, is also characteristic for the spiritual climate in our country at the beginning of this century.
The Republic of Srpska between Scylla and Charybdis
Authors: Popovic Milijan
Published: November 2011

The Republic of Srpska was created during the civil war in the territory of the former Yugoslav republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina in 1992-1995. Within the general framework of the agreement to establich peace in Bosnia and Herzegovina (the Dayton Peace Agreement), in Novembar 1995 it was recognized as an entity within Bosnia and Herzegovina. According to the Dayton Constitution, by its legal nature The Republic of Srpska was a confederative unit (with some elements of a federal unit) within Bosnia and Herzegovina as a confederation (with the some elements of a federation). During the last ten years, both Bosnia and Herzegovina and The Republic of Srpska underwent deep transformations. An indication of these deep transformations was the decision of the president of the Arbitration Tribunal to establish the District of Brcko as the third entity sui generis (in addition to The Republic of Srpska and The Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina). Two basic levers in the anti-Dayton transformational processes which occurred in Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities were The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as The High Representative of the international community for Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Constitutional Court of Bosnia and Herzegovina passed a series of anti-Dayton decisions; by its consequences the most far-reaching decision was related to the issue U 50/2000 which declared the constitutionality of the Bosniacs, the Croats and the Serbs in the entities. On the basis of that decision, in 2000 a set of amendments to The Constitution of The Republic of Srpska was passed which deeply changed the legal nature of The Republic of Srpska. It was transformed from a confederative into to a federal unit. The anti-Dayton activity of The High Representative of the international community is even more pronounced. He became the main constitutional and legislative factor of Bosnia and Herzegovina and its entities. Under his pressure, in 2003 new amendments to The Constitution of The Republic of Srpska were passed which further diminished the authorities in The Republic of Srpska, specially in the field of national defence and public security. The High Representative himself brought and declared dozens of laws for Bosnia and Herzegovina with which he transformed Bosnia and Herzegovina from the union of states into a federation. With the police reform he announced, he is preparing to regionalize Bosnia and Herzegovina, not taking into account the entity borders, and thus to pave the way for the final abolition of entities including The Republic of Srpska.
Female entrepreneurs in Serbia at the beginning of the 2000s
Authors: Markov Slobodanka
Published: November 2011

This paper discusses the topics related to the personal and social characteristics of a group of female entrepreneurs from several towns in Serbia, their motives and main reasons for entering the entrepreneur activities in the unstable social conditions, prerequisites to start one's own business, opinions about personal characteristics significant for the success in business activities, problems and social circumstances which impede the individual entrepreneur activity of women, satisfaction with their business activities, ways to harmonize family and business obligations. 183 As a whole, the results of this qualitative study indicate that the female entrepreneurs in Serbia are well educated, that they belong to different professional groups, that they have significant previous work experience that their social background stretches along the entire scale of social stratification, that they are rather equally divided into married and divorced, as a rule with children. They developed their own businesses within the range of typical female fields - retail trade and usual services, with the tendency to enter the area of intellectual services. It was established that there are specific problems and limitations for the entrepreneur activities of women in the unstable work conditions and in still rather patriarchally organized environment in our country. These problems also imply the lack of suitable credits and stimulative programmes for this type of business activities of women, skepticism of the environment toward women in business, double work of women (job, as well as family and children), lack of self-confidence. Envisaged personal characteristics necessary for the success in business include: work and diligence, professional knowledge and readiness for permanent education, persistence and perseverance responsibility and punctuality, communication skills, which are all characteristics quite realistically depicting the demands for the participants in business activities in market economy. As advantages of women over men in running a business, the interviewed female entrepreneurs pointed out: responsibility, persistence, consistency, realism, seriousness diligence and efficiency. It was established that there was a significant satisfaction with their own business activities through which their initial tendencies and motives were mainly realized. Family obligations make a circle which still stifles female entrepreneurs in business activities, which is one of the differentiating characteristics ("differences") in private business in comparison with men.
Needs, values and aspirations of rural youth
Authors: Sokic Maja
Published: November 2011

Contemporary Serbian society faces increasing social and economical problems as results of social crisis. Such problems reflect on the quality of life of all social groups. Problems of one of the social groups, rural youth, are particularly interesting, specially regarding to specifics of its social status, role they were (un)rightfully given and problems they are facing. The paper is focused on determinating dominant needs, values and aspirations of rural youth, as well as their social potential, willingness to take an active role in social changes. The sample the research was based on consists of young rural population of Sivac, third biggest settlement in the municipality of Kula. The research addresses 107 persons, age from 19 to 30 years, living in Sivac and deals with issues such as their opinions on social environment they are living in, family, spare time, religion, values and needs etc. Theoretical analysis of the problems is followed by empirical data collected by a questionnaire. Specific issues are being analyzed through the prism of dominant social processes and relations. The research was conducted in April 2004.
Significance of migrations and national affiliation in the change of ethnical structure of Serbia at the beginning of the 21st century
Authors: Raduski Nada
Published: November 2011

Disintegration of the former Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the creation of new ethno-national states, armed conflicts and "ethnic cleansing", mass ethnocentric migrations of the population, as well as some socio-economic factors led to significant changes in the demographic and ethnic map of Serbia. Migrations of the population, voluntary of forced represent a phenomenon which by its range, intensity and characteristics undoubtedly marked the last decade of the 20th century. Having in mind their number and national structure (mainly Serbs), refugee migrations, as a specific aspect of migration movements, caused by the political and social circumstances, dominantly influenced the change of ethnic picture of Serbia towards homogenization and majorization of the population. In addition to this factor, changes when declaring one's national affiliation, both in the case of ethnic revivalism and ethnic mimicry, significantly determined population dynamics of particular nations, that is their position in the ethnic map of Srbia. Thus the data from the last census in 2002 indicate that - precisely due to the effect of the subjective factor - there appeared the increase in the number and share of some nationalities (the Roma, the Wallachians.), that is the significant decrease in some other (the Yugoslavs, the Montenegrins.) in the total population of Serbia. As a result of the mentioned, but also of many other historical, sociocultural and political factors, Serbia today represents a multiethnic multi-confessional and multicultural state in which - beside the majority nation - there also live numerous national minorities pronouncedly differentiated according to the demographic, socio-economic, religious and cultural characteristics. Therefore, the minority issue is undoubtedly of crucial significance, because good inter-ethnic relations, that is respect of the minority rights on the one hand, but also the loyalty of national minorities to the country in which they live on the other, are necessary for stability, peace and democratic development of every state.
Generalizations of the Finite Element Method
Authors: Schweitzer Marc
Published: November 2011

This paper is concerned with the generalization of the finite element method via the use of non-polynomial enrichment functions. Several methods employ this general approach, e.g. the extended finite element method and the generalized finite element method. We review these approaches and interpret them in the more general framework of the partition of unity method. Here we focus on fundamental construction principles, approximation properties and stability of the respective numerical method. To this end, we consider meshbased and meshfree generalizations of the finite element method and the use of smooth, discontinuous, singular and numerical enrichment functions.
A novel reagent for spectroscopic determination of Mo(VI)
Authors: Taşcıoğlu Sülin , Kakı Esra , Taşcıoğlu Senay
Published: November 2011

A new reagent for spectrophotometric determination of Mo(VI) was developed utilizing micellar effects. For this purpose, differences in the ultraviolet and visible spectral properties of Mo(VI), gallic acid, L-serine, and their binary and ternary solutions were studied in the presence and absence of cationic, anionic, and non-ionic surface active agents. L-serine was observed to form binary complexes and a ternary complex with Mo(VI) and gallic acid below its isoelectric point. The maximum Mo(VI) sensitivity was exerted by the Mo(VI) + gallic acid + L-serine + hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide system at pH of 4.5. This system was proposed for use in the spectrophotometric determination of Mo(VI) as a superior alternative to the Mo(VI) + gallic acid + hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide system and to most of the instrumental analysis methods referred to in the literature. The mechanism of micellar effects was discussed on the basis of the spectral data obtained above and below the isoelectric point of L-serine and explained in terms of the molecular charge of the substrates and the surfactants.
Design, synthesis, preliminary pharmacological evaluation, and docking studies of pyrazoline derivatives
Authors: Das Nirupam , Dash Biswajit , Dhanawat Meenakshi , Shrivastava Sushant
Published: November 2011

Ten derivatives of N1 substituted/unsubstituted 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(2-thienyl) pyrazoline were synthesised from chalcone-like intermediate and substituted phenyl hydrazines, hydrazine hydrate, and semi/thiosemicarbazide. The chemical structure of compounds was confirmed by means of IR, 1H NMR, mass spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The antidepressant and anticonvulsant activities were investigated by Porsolt’s behavioural despair test (forced swimming) and maximum electroshock seizure test, respectively. Rota-Rod test was performed to assess any probable changes in motor coordination induced by the test compounds. Four compounds (IId, IIg, IIi, and IIj) exhibited good activity profile against depression and docking studies confirmed their consensual interaction with monoamine oxidase A. In addition, compounds IIc and IIe showed protection against MES-induced seizures.
Some new closures on orders
Authors: Czédli Gábor
Published: November 2011

For each of the relations “less than or equal to”, “less than”, “covered by”, and “covered by or equal to”, we characterize finite orders (also called posets) with the property that the pair of Galois closure operators induced by the relation in question coincides with the pair of closure operators introduced and applied in our previous paper in 2007. We also consider the “less than or equal to” relation between the set of join-irreducible elements and the set of meet-irreducible elements, and we show that the above-mentioned pairs of closure operators coincide for finite modular lattices.
On regular duo po-Γ-semigroups
Authors: Kehayopulu Niovi
Published: November 2011

There are two definitions of Γ-semigroups and investigations for both of them in the bibliography. The definition given by Sen in 1981, and the definition given by Sen and Saha in 1986. In this paper we show the way we pass from ordered semigroups to ordered Γ-semigroups no matter which one of the two definitions we use. Moreover we show that, exactly as in ordered semigroups, in many results of ordered Γ-semigroups points do not play any essential role, but the sets, which shows their pointless character. Under the methodology using in this paper, all the results of ordered semigroups can be transferred into ordered Γ-semigroups.
On continuity properties of some classes of vector-valued functions
Authors: Naralenkov K.
Published: November 2011

We extend the V BG* property to the context of vector-valued functions and give some characterizations of this property. Necessary and sufficient conditions for vector-valued VBG* functions to be continuous or weakly continuous, except at most on a countable set, are obtained.
Argument estimates of certain meromorphically p-valent functions associated with a family of linear operator
Authors: Aouf M. , Shamandy A. , Mostafa A. , El-Emam F.
Published: November 2011

Making use of linear operator we investigate some inclusion relationships and some argument properties of certain meromorphically p-valent functions.
Separating maps on weighted function algebras on topological groups
Authors: Maghsoudi Saeid , Nasr-Isfahani Rasoul
Published: November 2011

Let G
1 and G
2 be locally compact groups and let ω
1 and ω
2 be weight functions on G
1 and G
2, respectively. For i = 1, 2, let also C
0(G
i, 1/ω
i) be the algebra of all continuous complex-valued functions f on G
i such that f/ω
i vanish at infinity, and let H: C
0(G
1, 1/ω
1) → C
0(G
2, 1/ω
2) be a separating map; that is, a linear map such that H(f)H(g) = 0 for all f, g ∈ C
0(G
1, 1/ω
1) with fg = 0. In this paper, we study conditions under which H can be represented as a weighted composition map; i.e., H(f) = φ(f ℴ h) for all f ∈ C
0(G
1, 1/ω
1), where φ: G
2 → ℂ is a non-vanishing continuous function and h: G
2 → G
1 is a topological isomorphism. Finally, we offer a statement equivalent to that h is also a group homomorphism.
Cancer Chemopreventive Ability of Conjugated Linolenic Acids
Authors: Tanaka Takuji , Hosokawa Masashi , Yasui Yumiko , Ishigamori Rikako , Miyashita Kazuo
Published: November 2011

Conjugated fatty acids (CFA) have received increased interest because of their beneficial effects on human health, including preventing cancer development. Conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) are such CFA, and have been reviewed extensively for their multiple biological activities. In contrast to other types of CFAs including CLA that are found at low concentrations (less than 1%) in natural products, conjugated linolenic acids (CLN) are the only CFAs that occur in higher quantities in natural products. Some plant seeds contain a considerably high concentration of CLN (30 to 70 wt% lipid). Our research group has screened CLN from different plant seed oils to determine their cancer chemopreventive ability. This review describes the physiological functions of CLN isomers that occur in certain plant seeds. CLN are able to induce apoptosis through decrease of Bcl-2 protein in certain human cancer cell lines, increase expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ, and up-regulate gene expression of p53. Findings in our preclinical animal studies have indicated that feeding with CLN resulted in inhibition of colorectal tumorigenesis through modulation of apoptosis and expression of PPARγ and p53. In this review, we summarize chemopreventive efficacy of CLN against cancer development, especially colorectal cancer.