bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
L’apprentissage socioémotionnel à l’école primaire : compétences attendues des enseignants et formation initiale
Authors: Beaumont Claire , Garcia Natalia
Published: July 2020

Cet article analyse comment l'apprentissage socioémotionnel (ASÉ) est pris en compte dans les compétences professionnelles attendues en enseignement de même que dans la formation initiale des futurs enseignants du préscolaire/primaire. Les données proviennent du référentiel des compétences professionnelles en enseignement (Gouvernement du Québec, 2001) et des sites Web des neuf universités québécoises francophones offrant un programme de baccalauréat en éducation au préscolaire et en enseignement au primaire. Les résultats indiquent une certaine adéquation entre les attentes et les cours offerts en formation initiale concernant notamment une présence morcelée des compétences liées à l’ASÉ, avec une faible représentation de sa dimension intrapersonnelle (conscience de soi et autogestion des émotions/comportements), tant pour les élèves que pour les enseignants. La formation initiale semble varier d’une université à l’autre, bien qu’aucun établissement n’offre de cours visant spécifiquement l’habilitation du personnel scolaire à enseigner ces compétences à l’ensemble de leurs élèves ou à les développer pour eux-mêmes. Représentant une perspective éducative globale pouvant aider l’école à remplir sa mission de socialisation et à promouvoir le bien-être des enseignants, les conclusions suggèrent que l’ASÉ devrait être mis de l’avant de manière plus explicite et systématique dans les écoles, mais qu’il faudrait d’abord préparer les futurs enseignants dans cette voie.
Quelles compétences émotionnelles protègent des différentes dimensions du burnout chez les enseignants du primaire ?
Authors: Gay Philippe , Genoud Philippe A.
Published: July 2020

Les compétences émotionnelles d’un individu renvoient à une vaste palette de connaissances, habiletés et dispositions (identifier, comprendre, exprimer, écouter, utiliser et réguler les émotions…) qui peuvent être subdivisées en deux catégories (Brasseur et al., 2013) : les compétences intrapersonnelles (comprendre, exprimer, réguler ses émotions…) et les compétences interpersonnelles (identifier, écouter, réguler les émotions d’autrui…). De bonnes compétences émotionnelles dans ces deux catégories contribuent notamment à une meilleure santé mentale et physique, à des relations sociales et conjugales plus satisfaisantes et à une plus grande réussite professionnelle (Mikolajczak et al., 2014). La présente recherche examine les relations entre les dix compétences émotionnelles (identifier ses propres émotions et celles des autres, comprendre les causes de ses émotions et de celles d’autrui, les réguler à la baisse…) et le niveau de burnout des enseignants tel qu’évalué selon les trois dimensions du Maslach Burnout Inventory (Maslach & Jackson, 1986) : l’épuisement émotionnel, la dépersonnalisation et la réduction de l’accomplissement personnel. Les résultats obtenus dans un échantillon de 202 enseignants du primaire montrent que chacune des compétences émotionnelles corrèle significativement (de manière faible à modérée) avec une ou plusieurs des dimensions du burnout. Les analyses de régressions précisent : 1) que sont essentiellement de meilleures compétences intrapersonnelles (en particulier la compréhension de ses propres émotions) qui sont associées à de plus faibles niveaux de burnout sur les dimensions de dépersonnalisation et de réduction d’accomplissement personnel ; 2) que seul le score de bonheur subjectif prédit l’épuisement professionnel. Au vu de ces analyses, des pistes concrètes pour aborder ce thème en formation (initiale ou continue) sont évoquées. Taillées sur mesure, elles visent à favoriser le développement de compétences émotionnelles spécifiques chez les enseignants en prévention de différentes problématiques associées au stress et au burnout.
Émotions épistémiques et créativité dans la formation enseignante : un duo gagnant ?
Authors: Audrin Catherine , Vuichard Aleksandra , Capron Puozzo Isabelle
Published: July 2020

L’importance des émotions dans la créativité a été mise en évidence dans la littérature. Néanmoins, dans ce contexte, plus rares sont les recherches qui se sont intéressées à une catégorie particulière d’émotions : les émotions épistémiques. Ces dernières désignent tous les états affectifs émanant d’activités cognitives (Scheffler, 2010 ; Silvia, 2010) et notamment dans un contexte d’appropriation des connaissances (Pekrun et al., 2017). Cette contribution vise à évaluer dans quelle mesure ces émotions sont effectivement impliquées dans des contextes créatifs, et si elles le sont, avec quelle intensité. Des données ont été récoltées dans un contexte de formation à la créativité chez des futurs enseignants. Durant la formation à deux techniques de créativité, les participants ont tenu un carnet de bord dans lequel ils pouvaient rapporter les émotions ressenties (Botella et al., 2017) et répondu à des questionnaires mesurant les émotions épistémiques qu’ils avaient ressenties durant leur participation aux différentes techniques de créativité. Nos résultats suggèrent que les participants ont effectivement ressenti des émotions épistémiques durant des techniques de créativité, en particulier de la curiosité, de l’enthousiasme et dans une moindre mesure de la surprise. Les carnets de bord suggèrent que les premières émotions ressenties pouvaient être parfois négatives (telles que de la peur ou de l’anxiété) mais qu’au fur et à mesure de l’avancée dans la technique de créativité, celles-ci se transformaient en émotions positives telles que la joie ou l’intérêt.
Le rapport au savoir en formation continue : les effets de l’inconscient chez un professeur des écoles. Une étude de cas
Authors: Laugier Matthieu , Montagne Yves Félix , Loizon Denis
Published: July 2020

À partir d’une étude de cas, cette recherche interroge les raisons du non-réinvestissement par un professeur des écoles des savoirs transmis en formation continue « natation ». Inscrite dans une perspective clinique de recherche orientée par la psychanalyse, elle explore les manifestations de l'inconscient à l’œuvre dans cette coupure du fil du savoir. La réalisation d'entretiens cliniques de recherche articulés à l'observation filmée d'une séance de natation a permis le recueil des données. L'analyse interprétative de la parole du sujet fait émerger plusieurs causes inconscientes au non-réinvestissement des savoirs transmis en formation, liées aux concepts du « Réel », de « jouissance » et de « déjà-là ». Cette identification d’une structure singulière du rapport au savoir d’un sujet ouvre des perspectives professionnelles visant la construction d'une posture clinique de formateur.
Journal de bord d’enseignants : sens de cette pratique pour le développement professionnel
Authors: Tschopp Geneviève
Published: July 2020

Au cours de leur carrière, les enseignants peuvent développer leur pratique réflexive notamment sous la forme écrite. Parmi leurs pratiques d’écriture en situation professionnelle, l’écriture d’un journal de bord semble peu utilisée, alors que celle-ci est attendue en formation initiale, notamment à la Haute école pédagogique du canton de Vaud dans une visée d’autoformation. Toutefois certains enseignants adoptent le journal de bord. Comment cette écriture s’est-elle mise en place ? Comment a-t-elle évolué ? Qu’apporte-t-elle aux enseignants sur le plan du développement professionnel et du pouvoir d’agir en particulier ? Cette recherche vise la mise en évidence d'effets sur leur développement professionnel et leur pouvoir d'agir. Des entretiens biographiques et d'explicitations permettront de davantage saisir l'expérience singulière des personnes ayant intégré cette modalité d'écriture à leurs gestes professionnels.
Autorité de la formation, autorité du formateur : autonomie(s) structurelle, substantielle, individuelle
Authors: Roelens Camille
Published: July 2020

Ce texte questionne, du point de vue de la philosophie politique de l’éducation, les problématiques auxquelles Le nouveau monde (Gauchet, 2017) nous confronte quant aux fins de l’éducation et aux moyens mobilisables pour les poursuivre. Les démocraties modernes lancent en effet à ceux qui y naissent un triple défi (partie 1) : devenir individu, devenir autonome, le rester quels que soient les aléas du parcours de vie. L’éducation et la formation tout au long de la vie sont alors un point d’appui crucial. Si l’on admet (comme le font Marie-Claude Blais, Marcel Gauchet et Dominique Ottavi) que l’autorité est une condition de l’éducation, cela induit de pouvoir la penser elle aussi à tout âge, en l’inscrivant de plus dans le nouveau système de légitimité individualiste qui est celui du nouveau monde (partie 2). En d’autres termes, comment envisager la reconnaissance de l’autorité des acteurs éducatifs dans une société des individus ? L’articulation symbiotique de l’autorité et de la bienveillance peut constituer une ressource précieuse, portant néanmoins à conséquences pour celui qui la met en œuvre (partie 3).
Savoir intime dans l’apprentissage de l’écriture
Authors: Cadiou Sandra
Published: July 2020

C’est dans le cadre de la didactique clinique (Carnus & Terrisse, 2009, 2013) fondée sur l’hypothèse de l’inconscient freudien, que nous investiguons l’apprentissage de l’écriture de fiction en lycée professionnel. Comment cet apprentissage implique-t-il un travail psychique ? La conversion didactique chez l’élève (Cadiou, 2016, 2018) rend compte d’un savoir disciplinaire enraciné sur des éléments psychiques. Mais sachant que ce savoir-écrire se manifeste dans la production écrite, pourquoi l’élève choisit-il une forme textuelle plutôt qu’une autre ? La notion de savoir intime pourrait rendre compte de la forme textuelle de la production écrite. J’ai observé quatre élèves durant une séquence d’écriture de nouvelle à chute en classe de français. Mon corpus (entretiens semi-dirigés, cours, textes écrits) est traité avec une méthodologie en trois temps (le déjà-là, l’épreuve et l’après-coup) qui permet la construction de cas. D’après mes résultats, le travail psychique induit par l’apprentissage de l’écriture créerait du savoir intime portant sur le positionnement du sujet face à la jouissance et se relevant alors comme un paramètre non négligeable.
Quelles relations entre conceptions « quotidienne » et scientifique des compétences transversales ?
Authors: Starck Sylvain
Published: July 2020

Le recours important aux compétences transversales dans les champs de l’éducation, la formation et du travail contraste avec les positions critiques adoptées dans le champ scientifique vis-à-vis de cette notion. Dans l’idée de mettre en évidence les relations entre ces deux perspectives, nous proposons de suivre le travail de conceptualisation « quotidien » et « scientifique » en direction des compétences transversales. Pour ce faire, nous mobilisons les apports de la philosophie pragmatique de John Dewey. Nous considérons ainsi le travail de conceptualisation comme étant de l’ordre d’une enquête motivée par la rencontre d’une situation « troublée » et visant à la solutionner. L’analyse des conceptualisations réalisées, selon les perspectives « quotidienne » et « scientifique », dans le champ scolaire et dans le cadre de la relation formation-emploi met en évidence différentes logiques. Si dans le champ scolaire, des questionnements semblent se rencontrer, la situation paraît plus clivée dans le cadre de la relation formation-emploi.
L’objectivité du document en classe d’histoire : un obstacle à dépasser pour être compétent
Authors: Gomes Lucie
Published: July 2020

Étudier des documents en classe d’histoire est une pratique courante. Pourtant, dans les instructions officielles, les compétences à mobiliser pour pouvoir les étudier de façon historienne restent très générales. Nous avons cherché à identifier une compétence permettant de construire un problème à partir des documents en classe, considérant que le savoir en classe est un savoir construit problématisé. Nos expérimentations ont permis d’observer un obstacle majeur pour l’acquisition de cette compétence : les élèves se demandent si le document est objectif. Nous verrons ce qu’implique cette interrogation éloignée de l’épistémologie des historiens.
Covid-19 and ex-smokers: an underestimated prognostic factor?
Authors: Carratù Pierluigi , Boffi Roberto , Dragonieri Silvano , Munarini Elena , Veronese Chiara , Portincasa Piero
Published: July 2020

Dear Editor,

The recent and explosive worldwide outbreak of Covid-19 leads many scientists and clinicians to identify the most responsible triggering risk factors in individuals without comorbidities, as well as potential prognostic factors. A notable field of research has been conducted on the role of smoking, which has been initially hypothesized as being a protective factor for Covid-19....
Randomized, controlled trial comparing respiratory and analgesic effects of interscalene, anterior suprascapular, and posterior suprascapular nerve blocks for arthroscopic shoulder surgery
Authors: Lim Yean Chin , Koo Zhao Kun , Ho Vivian. W. , Chang See Seong , Manohara Shivani , Tong Qian Jun
Published: July 2020

BackgroundInterscalene brachial plexus block (ISB) provides excellent analgesia for arthroscopic shoulder surgeries but is associated with adverse effects including hemidiaphragmatic paresis. We aimed to compare the respiratory effects, forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between suprascapular nerve block (SSB) and ISB.MethodsSixty patients were recruited and randomized into ISB, anterior SSB, and posterior SSB groups. FVC, FEV1, and diaphragmatic excursion were evaluated at baseline and 30 minutes after intervention. Blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance with 15 ml of 0.5% ropivacaine. Pain scores were assessed at 6, 12, and 24 hours postoperatively.ResultsThe ISB group showed a reduced FVC of 31.2% ± 17.5% (mean ± SD), while the anterior and posterior SSB groups had less reduction of 3.6% ± 18.6% and 6.8% ± 6.5%, respectively (P < 0.001). The ISB group showed more reduction in diaphragmatic excursion than the anterior and posterior SSB groups (median [IQR]): −85.7% (−95.3% to −63.3%) vs. −1.8% (−13.1% to 2.3%) and −1.2% (−8.8% to 16.8%), respectively (P < 0.001). The median pain scores (IQR) in the ISB and anterior SSB groups were lower than those in the posterior SSB group at 6 hours on movement: 0 (0–2), 1.8 (0–4.5) vs. 5 (2.5–8), respectively (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in oxycodone consumption postoperatively.ConclusionsAnterior SSB preserves lung function and has a comparable analgesic effect as ISB. Thus, it is recommended for arthroscopic shoulder surgeries, especially in patients who have reduced lung function.
Anesthesia guidelines for COVID-19 patients: a narrative review and appraisal
Authors: Ong Sharon , Lim Wan Yen , Ong John , Kam Peter
Published: July 2020

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has challenged health systems globally and prompted the publication of several guidelines. The experiences of our international colleagues should be utilized to protect patients and healthcare workers. The primary aim of this article is to appraise national guidelines for the perioperative anesthetic management of patients with COVID-19 so that they can be enhanced for the management of any resurgence of the epidemic. PubMed and EMBASE databases were systematically searched for guidelines related to SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2. Additionally, the World Federation Society of Anesthesiologists COVID-19 resource webpage was searched for national guidelines; the search was expanded to include countries with a high incidence of SARS-CoV. The guidelines were evaluated using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II tool. Guidelines from Australia, Canada, China, India, Italy, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States of America were evaluated. All the guidelines focused predominantly on intubation and infection control. The scope and purpose of guidelines from China were the most comprehensive. The UK and South Africa provided the best clarity. Editorial independence, the rigor of development, and applicability scored poorly. Heterogeneity and gaps pertaining to preoperative screening, anesthesia technique, subspecialty anesthesia, and the lack of auditing of guidelines were identified. Evidence supporting the recommendations was weak. Early guidelines for the anesthetic management of COVID-19 patients lacked quality and a robust reporting framework. As new evidence emerges, national guidelines should be updated to enhance rigor, clarity, and applicability.
Contribution of fine needle aspiration and auramine tests in diagnosis of Tuberculosis lymphadenitis at Kigali University Teaching Hospital (CHUK), Rwanda
Authors: Musoni Emile , Niyodusenga Alphonse , Iradukunda Sylvain , Uwamahoro Consolee
Published: July 2020

Background

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis affects mainly the lungs but other organs of the body are involved. TB lymphadenitis is most common in extrapulmonary TB. Lymphadenitis is the infection or inflammation of the lymph nodes which are essential in immune response of the body.

Objective

To evaluate the contribution of fine needle aspiration (FNA) and auramine tests in the diagnosis of TB lymphadenitis.

Methods

Smears from lymph node aspirates were prepared. Air-dried smears were stained by auramine staining for AFB examination and Diff-Quick staining cytological technique to detect malignant cells and other pathology. The slides were examined by laboratory technologists and the pathologist.

Results

Results are based on a total number of 137 samples; 58 (42.33%) cases were auramine positive for TB lymphadenitis while other 79 (57.67%) suspected cases were non TB lymphadenitis. Necrotizing lymphadenitis, granulomatous lymphadenitis, chronic lymphadenitis, acute lymphadenitis and reactive lymphadenitis represented 21.19%; 13.14%; 1.42%; 2.19%; and 19.71% respectively.

Conclusion

The use of auramine test and FNA cytology should be considered as useful in the diagnosis of tuberculosis lymphadenitis. These techniques are less expensive, quick, safe and show low complication rate.

Keywords: TB lymphadenitis; fine needle aspiration; auramine test
Extrinsic Factors Influencing the Person’s Motivation for Engagement and Retention in the Addiction Recovery Process. A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Harerimana Boniface , Csiernik Richard , Kerr Michael , Forchuk Cheryl
Published: July 2020

Background

Globally, up to 80% of patients enrolled for addiction care are lost to follow-up within the first three months of treatment. This review synthesizes evidence on extrinsic factors that influence motivation for engaging in addiction recovery and corresponding empirical definitions.

Methods

A systematic search for peer-reviewed articles was conducted through electronic databases, including Ovid MEDLINE, PsychINFO, CINHAL, and scanning references. The included articles were published in English or French between 1946 and 2018.

Results

The identified sixteen articles indicated that extrinsic factors for the person’s engagement and retention in the addiction recovery process included: motivation-enhancing healthcare structures, therapeutic relationships, and supportive social networks. Results also indicated that empirical definitions of motivation for engagement and retention in the addiction recovery process varied across studies.

Conclusion

Extrinsic factors can influence the person’s motivation for engagement and retention in the addiction recovery. Research with full operational definitions of motivation for engagement and retention in the addiction recovery is needed.

Keywords: Addiction recovery; engagement; extrinsic factors; motivation; retention
Comparative study of Pap smear test and VIA test in cervical carcinoma screening among women aged over 20 years
Authors: Niyodusenga Alphonse , Musoni Emile , Niyonsaba Sarah
Published: July 2020

Objective

To compare the performance of VIA and Pap smear tests as screening tools in cervical carcinoma detection in women.

Methods

The prospective and retrospective study was conducted on 198 women. Cervical smears were collected with Ayres’s spatula. Acetic acid was used and the results were categorized as VIA positive and VIA negative. The Pap smear was reported according to the Bethesda system 2001. Cervical biopsy was done for all the cases.

Results

VIA was positive in 47.47% of the cases and Pap smear was positive in 39.89% of the cases. Among 198 cases, 61 (30, 8%) cases had cervical carcinoma. When we compared VIA and Pap smear tests, 94 cases were positive to VIA, and 61cases were confirmed positive with Pap smear. The sensitivity and specificity for VIA were 88.5% and 84.68%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for Pap smear were 80.45% and 91.89%, respectively. The sensitivity of VIA was higher than that of Pap smear. However, the specificity of VIA was low as compared to Pap smear.

Conclusion

VIA is a cost effective test and could be alternatively used with Pap smear in screening of cervical carcinoma but the Papanicolaou test is the most effective test for early detection of cervical carcinoma.

Keywords: Pap smear test; VIA test; cervical carcinoma; women
Public monitoring of the economic, social and environmental effect of industrial mining
Authors: Fritz Brugger , Selina Bezzola , Peter Hochet , João Salavessa
Published: July 2020

The transition to renewable energy and a digital economy increases the demand for minerals. The development impact of resource extraction is the green economy’s Achilles heel. The Resource Impact Dashboard (RID) is an evidence-based policy instrument to encourage constructive dialogue between stakeholders about concerns related to economic, social, environmental and institutional outcomes of industrial mining. Results from the pilot-phase corroborate the necessity and the promises of public monitoring and deliberation.
Students’ perception of the learning environment in private-sector pharmacy institutes of Pakistan
Authors: Bashir Samra , Khan Arif-ullah , Mahmood Maryam , Abbas Mateen , Akhtar Samar , Waheed Khan Abdul , Tahir Aqeel Muhammad , Akhlaq Muhammad , Ahmad Hamaad
Published: July 2020

Introduction: A conducive learning environment is crucial to the effective delivery of curriculum and professional and social development of the students. This cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate students’ perception of the learning environment in private-sector pharmacy institutes of Pakistan.
Methods: The overall learning environment and its various aspects were compared between different pharmacy institutes, year of study and gender. Questionnaires, based on the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) and demographic information, were completed by 527 undergraduate pharmacy students enrolled at six private-sector pharmacy institutes in Pakistan. Participants were selected by convenience sampling and the scores were compared across grouping variables identified via demographic information.
Results: The total DREEM score across the sample was 116.10±25.39 (mean ± S.D), indicating an overall positive perception of the learning environment among students of the private-sector pharmacy institutes. Similarly, the sub- scale scores also reflected students’ positive perception of various aspects of the educational environment including learning, teachers, institutional atmosphere, academic self-perception and social self-perception across the sample. Total DREEM score and sub-scale scores were consistent between male and female students and across all years of Pharm. D. programme included in this study. Scores of the individual institutes reflect the prevalence of an overall conducive learning environment in the private-sector pharmacy institutes under study. A comparison of the total DREEM score and sub-scale scores of the individual institutes also reflects that learning environment of a few institutes, as perceived by their respective students, is significantly better than the others.
Conclusion: The positive perception held by the students of private-sector pharmacy institutes in Pakistan is suggestive of the existence of a conducive learning environment that is contributory towards students’ learning of professional and social abilities.
Integrating Green and Gray: Creating Next Generation Infrastructure
Authors: Browder Greg , Ozment Suzanne , Rehberger Bescos Irene , Gartner Todd , Lange Glenn-Marie
Published: July 2020

Traditional infrastructure systems worldwide rely on built solutions to support the smooth and safe functioning of societies. in the face of multiplying environmental threats, this approach alone can no longer provide the climate resiliency and level of services required in the 21st century. Natural systems such as forests, floodplains, and soils can contribute to clean, reliable water supply and protect against floods and drought. In many circumstances, combining this “green infrastructure” with traditional “gray infrastructure,” such as dams, levees, reservoirs, treatment systems, and pipes, can enhance system performance, boost resilience, lower costs, and better protect communities. Service providers such as water utilities, flood management agencies, irrigation agencies, and hydropower companies can deliver more cost-effective and resilient services by integrating green infrastructure into their plans. However, to guide its appropriate use in mainstream infrastructure programs, green infrastructure must be as rigorously evaluated and carefully designed as gray projects. This report guides developing country service providers and their partners on how to seize this opportunity. It offers service providers a framework to evaluate green infrastructure from a technical, environmental, social, and economic perspective, and to assess key enabling conditions, with illustrative examples. It also provides guidance for policymakers and development partners, who must set the incentives and enabling conditions to mainstream solutions that unite green and gray infrastructure.
Analisis situasi stunting di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur
Authors: Nugraha Mariano Ariesanto Triputra
Published: July 2020

Tingginya angka jumlah balita yang mengalami stunting di suatu wilayah sering dikaitkan dengan rendahnya kualitas makan-minum yang dikonsumsi dibandingkan dengan populasi pada umumnya. Narasi yang sama pun berlaku terhadap tingginya angka jumlah balita stunting di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur (48,4%). Namun, penyebab rendahnya kualitas makan-minum yang dikonsumsi masyarakat dan kebiasaan makan yang sehat di wilayah ini tidak pernah ditelusuri dan dipahami secara utuh. Kajian ini mengkonstruksi “arti” makanan, sehat, dan  kesehatan dengan memahami preferensi makan-minum setempat, kepercayaan tentang makan-minum setempat, dan praktek makan-minum yang dimiliki oleh rumah tangga dengan anak-anak stunting di Kabupaten Manggarai Timur. Studi kualitatif dengan 4 focus group yang direkam melibatkan orang tua (pria dan wanita) dari rumah tangga yang memiliki anak stunting dikerjakan melalui pendekatan komunitas. Topik-topik dalam diskusi termasuk pola makan, persepsi lokalitas tentang makanan sehat, bagaimana keputusan diambil dan siapa saja yang terlibat dalam pengambilan keputusan soal makanan, faktor-faktor penghambat dan pendukung melakukan kebiasaan makan makanan yang sehat. Semua transkrip diskusi dianalisa dan diberi kode. Tema-tema yang lebih luas kemudian ditetapkan untuk menuntun penjelasan. Hasil studi menunjukkan responden memiliki perspektif yang mirip tentang penghambat kebiasaan makan sehat (personal, lingkungan, dan struktural) dan manfaat makanan sehat. Studi ini juga mengidentifikasi empat tema utama yang konsisten dari satu grup ke grup lainnya di keempat lokasi: Cara Masyarakat Mengenal Makanan Sehat (Paham makna, motivasi), Kebiasaan Makan  yang Sehat (kebiasaan makan dalam keluarga, makan yang “mudah”), Penghambat Melakukan Kebiasaan Makan yang Sehat (Rasa, akses mudah ke penjaja makanan tidak sehat, waktu), dan  Preferensi untuk Intervensi (makanan lokal yang sehat, edukasi komunitas). Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa faktor-faktor personal, struktural, dan lingkungan dapat turut mempengaruhi pemaknaan makan makanan sehat di wilayah ini. Studi ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa faktor-faktor yang berhubungan dengan budaya justru tidak menjadi variabel tetap dalam konteks memahami praktek makan yang sehat.
Nursing Practices in Enteral Nutrition
Authors: Akçay Kezban , Suluhan Derya , Kesik Gülşah , Uzunoğlu Kadriye , Kartal Esen , Şahna Arzu
Published: July 2020

Enteral nutrition is the preferred route of nutrition when patients have a functioning gastrointestinal tract but are unable to meet their requirements orally. In terms of patient safety and quality of life, it is important that enteral nutrition must be administered by the nutrition team consisting of experienced interdisciplinary health professionals. Members of the nutrition team should have up-to-date knowledge and skills to monitor and evaluate the patients during the enteral feeding process and prevent the development of complications. The nurse, as a member of the team, has important responsibilities, such as correct and safe enteral nutrition practices, care of the enteral nutrition route, and follow-up of patients in accordance with the guidelines.
Changes in satellite retrievals of atmospheric composition over eastern China during the 2020 COVID-19 lockdowns
Authors: Field Robert D. , Hickman Jonathan E. , Geogdzhayev Igor V. , Tsigaridis Kostas , Bauer Susanne E.
Published: July 2020

Abstract. We examined daily Level-3 satellite retrievals of AIRS CO, OMI SO2 and NO2, and MODIS AOD over eastern China to understand how COVID-19 lockdowns affected atmospheric composition, taking into account trends that have occurred since 2005. Over central east China during the January 23–April 8 lockdown window, CO in 2020 was 12 % lower than the 2005–2019 mean, but only 2 % lower than what would be expected given the decreasing CO trend over that period. Similarly for AOD, 2020 was 30 % lower than the 2011–2019 mean, but not distinct from what would be expected from the trend. NO2 in 2020 was 43 % lower than the 2011–2019 mean, but only 17 % lower than what would be expected given the trend over that period. Over southern China, 2020 NO2 was not significantly different from anticipated, and CO and AOD were significantly higher that what would be expected, which we suggest was partly because of an active fire season in neighbouring countries. Over east central and southern China, SO2 was higher than expected, but the magnitude depended strongly on how daily regional values were calculated from individual retrievals. Future work over China, or other regions, needs to take these trends into account in order to separate the effects of COVID-19 on air quality from recent trends, or from variability in other sources.
Proceso de naming: teoría vs. práctica
Authors: Ferrari Micaela , Pesantez-Coronel Pablo , Ugalde Cecilia
Published: July 2020

El nombre de la marca es el cimiento de un buen branding, uno de los atributos intangibles más importantes de una compañía. Actualmente el branding no es simplemente una estrategia para identificar y diferenciar al producto, sino el combustible semiótico que impulsa la identidad corporativa, a esto se agrega que la marca debe estar también creada para motivar la participación de los usuarios en medios digitales. El objetivo de esta investigación es identificar las características que la literatura registra sobre el naming y su incidencia en el proceso de creación de una marca, compararlas con opiniones de expertos y finalmente sistematizar una estrategia de naming que tome en cuenta tanto aspectos teóricos como prácticos. Para esto se han revisado referentes teóricos que a lo largo del tiempo han influido en el proceso de naming, para posteriormente compararlos con entrevistas semi-estructuradas realizadas a expertos de la publicidad y el marketing, es así que esta investigación tiene un alcance descriptivo, transversal y no experimental con un enfoque metodológico cualitativo.  Los datos obtenidos muestran que el empirismo y la literatura llegan a unirse de manera orgánica cuando se habla de componentes de una marca, por experiencia, los expertos saben que ciertas características deben estar presentes por su funcionalidad el momento de posicionarla; mientras que la literatura hace énfasis en que además de facilitar el posicionamiento, estos componentes pueden apelar a la psicología del consumidor, como lo hace el simbolismo del sonido.
Factores mediadores del estrés infantil en situaciones de emergencia habitacional
Authors: Valencia María Cristina , Lalueza José Luis
Published: July 2020

El proceso de ejecución hipotecaria se configura en el escenario de la crisis como un acontecimiento vital estresante dentro del círculo familiar que incide en la infancia. Este estudio explora los factores mediadores en la reacción al estrés y su dinámica. Para lo cual se realiza un trabajo cualitativo, se usan técnicas lúdicas con un grupo de 6 niños y niñas, 5 entrevistas a niños y niñas, y 4 entrevistas a figuras parentales y psicólogas. Los resultados muestran que los factores que actúan a nivel familiar son: dinámica de estabilidad, estilos parentales, habilidades en el afrontamiento y gestión de los recursos; en el nivel personal: percepción entre recursos y presiones ambientales, y estrategias de afrontamiento; a nivel social: condiciones del status socio económico y cultural; y en el ámbito escolar: experiencias de éxito y fracaso y relaciones con iguales.
El centro de la tierra (Lectura e infancia)
Authors: Chausovsky Alexis Ariel
Published: July 2020

Monteleone, J. (2018). El centro de la tierra (Lectura e infancia). Buenos Aires: Ampersand, colección Lector&s, 220 páginas. ISBN 978-987-4161-20-8.

La presente reseña estudia El centro de la tierra (Lectura e infancia) de Jorge Monteleone, donde los conmovedores relatos autobiográficos se enhebran con reflexiones sobre el brillo del contacto con el cosmos de los libros en la infancia. Se trata de un libro que en su primera parte traza los nexos que el autor se propone develar entre infancia y lectura, para luego enfocarse en los recuerdos de la infancia del autor entre las décadas de 1950 y 1960 , la vivacidad de lo sentido al acceder a la pequeña biblioteca de su padre o al jugar con su primo Hugo en el patio de sus abuelos en la localidad de Morón. En el libro reverbera tanto el regreso al instante de las primeras lecturas en tanto descubrimiento y que habilita a que ocurra otra vez como aquella imposibilidad de alcanzarlo plenamente. En su conjunto, es un libro ineludible, ya sea para estudiar la construcción histórica de las infancias, la historia de los libros y las revistas (y las editoriales) para niños en Argentina desde la segunda mitad del siglo XX, para dilucidar las prácticas de cuidado de los niños a partir de la lectura o para preguntarse a propósito de tales problemáticas en el escenario contemporáneo.
Apropiación del patio escolar: la titulación cambiante
Authors: Finger Chouhy Florencia
Published: July 2020

Este artículo recoge el proceso y los resultados de una investigación etnográfica sobre formas de relación y apropiación de espacios en el patio de recreo escolar de un colegio de Madrid en la que han participado como co-etnógrafos niños y niñas de edades comprendidas entre los 8 y los 11 años. Los datos producidos revelan dos estilos de construir, negociar y relacionarse con y en el espacio escolar. Por una parte, una zona que llamaremos “de la cancha”, en la que las modificaciones de los agentes sobre el espacio son prácticamente inexistentes pues es tácitamente determinado por la institución escolar y los sobreentendidos que genera. Por otra parte, una zona que podríamos llamar de “no cancha” en la que la acciones sobre el espacio son muy intensas, manipulando y modificando elementos, nominando lugares y prácticas, produciendo identificaciones y pertenencias móviles.
Las conclusiones de esta investigación se devolvieron a los niños y niñas en una Asamblea a finales del curso 2016-2017 donde se llevó a cabo la investigación que recogió las propuestas de cambio y mejora para el curso 2017-2018.
Desprotección, institucionalización y gobierno en la infancia del bajo pueblo chileno: un análisis desde el pensamiento de Michel Foucault
Authors: Rauld Farias Juan Carlos
Published: July 2020

El presente artículo examina la desprotección de la infancia en Chile, al destacar las principales problemáticas experimentadas por la niñez del bajo pueblo. Mediante un análisis crítico desde el pensamiento de Foucault, se analiza un tipo de población ignorada tanto por el filósofo francés, como por los estudios académicos posteriores. A través de un análisis histórico, se explora cómo desde el siglo XIX hasta la actualidad, se ha utilizado la institucionalización infantil como una estrategia de control, encierro y gobierno de la población. Por último, se esboza una interpretación filosófica de la infancia en términos biopolíticos, que esclarece que, en la institucionalización infantil a cargo del Estado, se ejerce un poder gubernamental que puede hacerlos morir.
De que criança(s) estão falando?: Análise dos memes veiculados no Brasil no período da pandemia do coronavírus
Authors: Prates Santana Juliana , Dos Santos Fraga Larissa , Mignac Ferrari Leila , Pinho de Mello Camila
Published: July 2020

Este texto objetiva analisar os memes veiculados no Brasil no período da pandemia do coronavírus, buscando compreender as imagens sociais de crianças e infâncias evidenciadas neste atual momento. As principais medidas de proteção adotadas, nomeadamente o isolamento social, o fechamento das escolas e creches, e a abertura apenas dos serviços essenciais obrigaram as famílias a um convívio constante em um mesmo ambiente. Como forma de representação da realidade, os memes são rapidamente produzidos e disseminados, com a intenção de serem uma forma de entretenimento divertida e bem humorada. Entretanto, evidenciam ideias pejorativas sobre as crianças e como é tê-las sob os cuidados exclusivos da família. Foram identificados 38 memes em diferentes redes sociais, sendo possível elencar como temas emergentes à violência contra criança, a instituição escola/creche como solução ou depósito das crianças, a sobrecarga materna, o machismo, dentre outros. Verificou-se que os memes retratam uma infância branca, de classe média, cujas experiências acabam por ditar a idealização de uma infância padrão mas que invisibiliza outros modos de vida. As imagens que emergem da análise são: crianças como problema, crianças como sujeitos em desenvolvimento e crianças matáveis. Tais imagens não surgem com a pandemia, mas se potencializam neste contexto. Conclui-se que as crianças são reiteradamente silenciadas, havendo um apagamento da infância enquanto categoria geracional, sendo na pandemia este mais um fenômeno que está sendo compreendido na perspectiva adulta.
The Construction of the COVID-19 Pandemic: Designing Societal Solutions That Would Prevent a Full Lockdown
Authors: Romme A. Georges L.
Published: July 2020

The COVID-19 pandemic has triggered one of the deepest economic recessions in human history, largely as a result of the full lockdown strategy adopted by many national governments. This lockdown strategy was primarily motivated by the limited capacities of Intensive Care Units and a lack of medical staff and equipment. In this essay, I argue that the COVID crisis and the widely used lockdown response are socially constructed, which invites a public discourse on how we can design societal solutions that would prevent the need for an indiscriminate lockdown response to a future pandemic or any other similar crisis. One potential solution is further developed in this essay: the design of latent capabilities for responding to any future emergencies. These latent capabilities, embedded in many host organizations, can help in quickly resolve shortages in professional skills and resources, which are likely to occur in any future crisis. Here, the COVID-19 crisis provides a major learning opportunity, to be exploited as soon as possible.
Focal myositis with extraordinary late onset after the combined antilipidemics therapy: Risk factors management
Authors: Bujan Bartosz , Ginzburg Elmar
Published: July 2020

Introduction: Statins and other antilipidemics are frequently described medications for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia to prevent cardiovascular events like heart infarctions or strokes. Statins are, conform to the German neurological guidelines, administered often independent of initial cholesterol level after stroke to prevent new relapses. Hence, we can observe in the clinical practice in our Neurologic Rehabilitation Department permanent increase in number of patients with long-term statin therapy. Although statins have side effects like deleterious effect on skeletal muscle. The most serious complications are myositis or rhabdomyolysis with kidney failure. Case Report: We present a case report of a 51-year-old Caucasian woman with combined antilipidemics therapy who developed a focal myositis with extraordinary late onset after the cessation of drug therapy. The patient received simvastatin 40 mg per day for a couple of weeks. Due to the persistent high cholesterol level the patient received an add-on therapy with ezetimibe for 2–3 weeks. She complained about generalized muscle pains and her high level of creatine kinase 373 U/l (normal range, 0–167 U/L). The patient showed initially a good recovery with less intense pain. Nevertheless, the muscle pain did not disappear completely and six months after the cessation of statin therapy the patient revealed again an intense muscle pain and tenderness notably femoral on the right side with the very high level of CK 2694 U/l. The femoral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an accentuated vascular network right and a congestion of subcutaneous and endomysial lymphatic vessels, hence this configuration implicated a focal inflammatory reaction. We diagnosed a focal myositis in view to the clinical characteristics and MRI-tests. We initiated a steroid therapy (prednisolon 1 mg/kg on total body weight). Thereby the CK level decreased dramatically. At discharge CK level decreased to 548 U/l and ESR revealed normal values 3 mm in the first hour. After three weeks of therapy with steroids we could not register any femoral induration or local tenderness any more. Conclusion: Hence, it should be a prime concern to evaluate risk factors for statin-induced myopathy or myositis by intensive rehabilitation training.
Employment-associated factors in multiple sclerosis: Results of a cross-sectional study in Germany
Authors: Sterz Christiane , Ellenberger David , Meißner Heike , Friede Tim , Flachenecker Peter
Published: July 2020

Aims: Identification of employment-associated factors with regard to patients with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) in Germany: the impact of the working situation on PwMS, the subjective difficulties and problems PwMS may experience at their work place and the reasons for withdrawing from work. Methods: 279 PwMS (189 employed (EM), and 90 early retired (ER)) completed a comprehensive questionnaire with standardized instruments: Multiple sclerosis work difficulties questionnaire (MSWDQ) on workplace related problems, Würzburger screening (WüScr) on perceived burden of disease with regard to work. Further general data about employment status, multiple sclerosis disease information including main symptoms and patients adaptations for an optimal working place were collected. Employed PwMS were asked about their challenges at current working place, ER PwMS about their last job and their reasons for stop working. Results: Statistically significant factors for employment were disease duration (p lessthan 0.001), EDSS (p lessthan 0.001) and educational level (p = 0.0237). According to MSWDQ, PwMS rated employment as very important, 48% of EM patients considered not to stop working or to change job completely (58%) and 40% did not plan to reduce work. According to WüScr PwMS were highly burdened by their disease. Perceived burden of work and workplace-related factors contributed to early retirement. Multivariable regression analyses showed the main symptoms associated with workplace difficulties: mobility/walking, pain, mood, balance, cognitive impairment, vision disturbances and fatigue. With regard to maintenance of employment, EM and ER patients requested adaptations of their work place such as better accessibility, flexible working time, less stress and more ergonomically designed elements. Conclusion: In order to keep PwMS longer in employment, the results of our study indicate that it is necessary to properly assess MS symptoms and treat them adequately, to optimize their work places, and to raise awareness among employers and colleagues for the special needs of PwMS.
Impact of Forensic Accounting Domains on Financial Corruption in Lebanon – An Empirical Study
Authors: Abou-Zeid Nader , El-Mousawi Hasan , Younis Joumana
Published: July 2020

Forensic accounting was developed after the widespread corruption in the world of business today. It is now considered a fundamental branch of accounting since it revolves around disputes and issues in the law that require accounting and legal knowledge and practices to be resolved. This study examines the impact of two forensic accounting domains – the expert witness and litigation support – on financial corruption in Lebanon. The study adopts the analytical descriptive approach utilizing an empirical study. A well-structured five-point Likert style questionnaire was devised as the study tool and was distributed among a sample of 323 of the total population that consists of all certified public accountants (CPAs) in Lebanon, tax controllers, senior tax controllers, and heads of the departments and divisions in the Lebanese Ministry of Finance, and auditors at the Lebanese Audit Bureau. The study reached important findings, mainly that there is an impact of the expert witness, which is one of the forensic Accounting domains, on curbing financial corruption in Lebanon, and that there an impact of the litigation support, which is one of the forensic Accounting domains, on curbing financial corruption in Lebanon.
Analysis of Factors Influencing Marketing Channel Choices by Smallholder Farmers: A Case Study of Paddy Product in Wet and Dry Season of Prey Veng Province, Cambodia
Authors: Chiv Rachana , Nie Fengying , Wu Shu , Tum Sokea
Published: July 2020

This study analyzes factors influencing marketing channels that were chosen by paddy smallholder farmers in the wet and dry season. The aims focused on determining the factors influence marketing channel choices to be able to reveal out the need for smallholder farmers to increase their productions and investments to formulate policies to enhance them such as increasing revenue, poverty alleviation, food security, and sustainable development. The primary data was collected through structured and semi-structured interviews with 216 smallholder farmers cultivated in both seasons, 12 collectors, 12 traders, 12 millers, 6 wholesalers, and 6 retailers by analyzed with Multinomial Logit. Results revealed that socio-economic, institutional, and marketing factors were different statistically significant influence into marketing channel choices in both seasons. These findings relate to factors that need to resolve and stimulate smallholder farmers to choose the right marketing channels by suggestion to policymakers. The outcomes of policies aim to stimulate and encourage extension office to support, sharing experiences, and knowledge to smallholder farmers who older, low experiences, and low educations. To improve extension services by the focus on telecommunications, storage facilities, and rural infrastructures. Moreover, urge smallholder farmers to market participation, and enhance market competitions. Finally, the policymakers should work efforts to improve and enhance the ongoing investments in the water supporting such as small, medium, large irrigation systems, and so forth for reducing the constraints.