An essentially radiation‐transparent body coil integrated with a patient rotation system for MR‐guided particle therapy
Authors: Dietrich Kilian A. , Klüter Sebastian , Dinkel Fabian , Echner Gernot , Brons Stephan , Orzada Stephan , Debus Jürgen , Ladd Mark E. , Platt Tanja 
Published: April 2024

Background

The pursuit of adaptive radiotherapy using MR imaging for better precision in patient positioning puts stringent demands on the hardware components of the MR scanner. Particularly in particle therapy, the dose distribution and thus the efficacy of the treatment is susceptible to beam attenuation from interfering materials in the irradiation path. This severely limits the usefulness of conventional imaging coils, which contain highly attenuating parts such as capacitors and preamplifiers in an unknown position, and requires development of a dedicated radiofrequency (RF) coil with close consideration of the materials and components used.

Purpose

In MR‐guided radiation therapy in the human torso, imaging coils with a large FOV and homogeneous B1 field distribution are required for reliable tissue classification. In this work, an imaging coil for MR‐guided particle therapy was developed with minimal ion attenuation while maintaining flexibility in treatment.

Methods

A birdcage coil consisting of nearly radiation‐transparent materials was designed and constructed for a closed‐bore 1.5 T MR system. Additionally, the coil was mounted on a rotatable patient capsule for flexible positioning of the patient relative to the beam. The ion attenuation of the RF coil was investigated in theory and via measurements of the Bragg peak position. To characterize the imaging quality of the RF coil, transmit and receive field distributions were simulated and measured inside a homogeneous tissue‐simulating phantom for various rotation angles of the patient capsule ranging from 0° to 345° in steps of 15°. Furthermore, simulations with a heterogeneous human voxel model were performed to better estimate the effect of real patient loading, and the RF coil was compared to the internal body coil in terms of SNR for a full rotation of the patient capsule.

Results

The RF coil (total water equivalent thickness (WET) ≈ 420 µm, WET of conductor ≈ 210 µm) can be considered to be radiation‐transparent, and a measured transmit power efficiency (B1+/) between 0.17 µT/ and 0.26 µT/ could be achieved in a volume (Δz = 216 mm, complete x and y range) for the 24 investigated rotation angles of the patient capsule. Furthermore, homogeneous transmit and receive field distributions were measured and simulated in the transverse, coronal and sagittal planes in a homogeneous phantom and a human voxel model. In addition, the SNR of the radiation‐transparent RF coil varied between 103 and 150, in the volume (Δz = 216 mm) of a homogeneous phantom and surpasses the SNR of the internal body coil for all rotation angles of the patient capsule.

Conclusions

A radiation‐transparent RF coil was developed and built that enables flexible patient to beam positioning via full rotation capability of the RF coil and patient relative to the beam, with results providing promising potential for adaptive MR‐guided particle therapy.