bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Privacy and E-Learning: A Pending Task
Authors: Alier Marc , Casañ Guerrero Maria Jose , Amo Daniel , Severance Charles , Fonseca David
Published: August 2021

Most educational software programs use and gather personal information and metadata from students. Additionally, most of the educational software programs are no longer operated by the learning institutions but are run by third-party agencies. This means that in the decade since 2020, information about students is stored and handled outside premises and control of learning institutions. The personal information about students and their activity while they interact with learning management systems and online learning tools is increasingly in custody of cloud computing platforms, software-as-a-service providers, and learning tool vendors. There is an increasing will to use all the data and metadata from the activity of the students for research, to develop education management strategies, pedagogy approaches, and develop behavior control tools or learning tools informed by behavior analysis from learning analytics. Many times, these studies lack the ethical and moral perspective. In addition, there is an increasing number of cases in which this information has leaked or has been used in a shady way. Additionally, this information will be around for a long time, tied to the future digital profiles of the students whose data has been leaked. This paper hypothesizes that there has been an ongoing process of technological evolution that leads to a loss of control over personal information, which makes it even more difficult to protect user confidentiality and ensuring privacy, that data surveillance has entered the world of education, and that the current legal frameworks are not enough to really protect the student’s personal information. The paper analyzes how this situation came to pass, and why this is wrong. We conclude with some proposals to address it from its different root dimensions: technical, cultural, legal, and organizational.
Usability of Visual Analogue Scales in Assessing Human Perception of Sound with University Students Using a Web-Based Tablet Interface
Authors: Yang Wonyoung , Jeon Jin Yong
Published: August 2021

Response scales in auditory perception assessment are critical for capturing the true responses of listeners. Despite its impact on data, response scales have received the least attention in auditory perception assessment. In this study, the usability of visual analogue scales for auditory perception assessment was investigated. Five response scales (a unipolar visual analogue scale–negated to regular, a unipolar visual analogue scale—regular to negated, a bipolar visual analogue scale–positive to negative, a bipolar visual analogue scale—negative to positive, and a unipolar 11-point scale (ISO/TS 15666:2021)) for auditory perception assessment are presented. Music and traffic noise were presented to 60 university students at two different levels, i.e., 45 and 65 dBA, respectively. A web-based experimental design was implemented, and tablet pads were provided to the respondents to record their responses. The unipolar 11-point scale required the longest response time, followed by the two unipolar visual analogue scales and two bipolar visual analogue scales with statistical significance. All response scales used in this study achieved statistical reliability and sensitivity for the auditory perception assessment. Among the five response scales, the bipolar visual analogue scale (negative to positive) ranked first in reliability over repeated measures, exhibited sensitivity in differentiating sound sources, and was preferred by the respondents under the conditions of the present study. None of the respondents preferred the unipolar 11-point scale. The visual analogue scale was favoured over the traditional unipolar 11-point scale by young educated adults in a mobile-based testing environment. Moreover, the bipolar visual analogue scale demonstrated the highest reliability and sensitivity, and it was preferred the most by the respondents. The semantic labelling direction from negated to regular, or from negative to positive, is preferred over its opposite counterpart. Further research is necessary to investigate the use of response scales for the general public including children and the elderly, as well as that of semantic adjectives and their counterparts for auditory perception assessment.
Industrial Performance: An Evolution Incorporating Ethics in the Context of Industry 4.0
Authors: Berrah Lamia , Cliville Vincent , Trentesaux Damien , Chapel Claude
Published: August 2021

This article addresses the issue of the industrial performance model and its evolution to cope with the context of Industry 4.0. With its digitalisation, intelligent/autonomous systems and wealth of data, Industry 4.0 offers opportunities that can achieve objectives better. It also presents risks and uncertainties that question the autonomy of the systems, their interaction with humans and the use of available data. The hypothesis put forward in this work is that the efficiency–effectiveness–relevance performance triangle can no longer guarantee long-term performance under these conditions and needs to be associated with an ethical dimension that allows for the risks and uncertainties relating to Industry 4.0 to be considered. Ethics is therefore considered to extend the triangle to a tetrahedron. A brief analysis of current performance management will first show the limits of the current practice in the context of Industry 4.0. The frameworks that could overcome these limits in light of new needs are then recalled and discussed, leading to the choice of ethics, whose main definitions and use in the engineering field are also introduced. The proposed (efficiency–effectiveness–relevance–ethics tetrahedron-based methodology is illustrated through a case study related to an aeronautical supplier, regarding the consequences of the implementation of a MES (Manufacturing Execution System) in terms of product traceability and operator autonomy. The discussion and prospects finally conclude this study.
The σ− Cohomology Analysis for Symmetric Higher-Spin Fields
Authors: Bychkov Alexey S. , Ushakov Kirill A. , Vasiliev Mikhail A.
Published: August 2021

In this paper, we present a complete proof of the so-called First On-Shell Theorem that determines dynamical content of the unfolded equations for free symmetric massless fields of arbitrary integer spin in any dimension and arbitrary integer or half-integer spin in four dimensions. This is achieved by calculation of the respective σ− cohomology both in the tensor language in Minkowski space of any dimension and in terms of spinors in AdS4. In the d-dimensional case Hp(σ−) is computed for any p and interpretation of Hp(σ−) is given both for the original Fronsdal system and for the associated systems of higher form fields.
Concentrations of Lead, Mercury, Selenium, and Manganese in Blood and Hand Grip Strength among Adults Living in the United States (NHANES 2011–2014)
Authors: Gbemavo M. Corinaud J. , Bouchard Maryse F.
Published: August 2021

Exposure to lead and mercury can cause deficits in neuromotor function. Selenium and manganese are essential elements, hence both deficiency and excess could result in decreased neuromotor function. We aimed to examine hand grip strength, a marker of neuromotor function, and blood concentrations of lead, mercury, selenium, and manganese in the general U.S. population. We used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2011–2014) on 6199 participants ages 20–79 years. We assessed associations of blood concentration for these elements and grip strength with generalized regression models, and cubic splines to detect possible nonlinear relations, adjusting for confounders. The results showed that mercury and manganese were not associated with grip strength. Lead was associated with weaker grip strength in women (for 10-fold increase in lead, −2.4 kg; 95% CI: −4.2, −0.5), but not in men. Higher selenium was associated with stronger grip strength in women (8.5 kg; 95% CI: 1.9, 15.1) and men (4.6; 95% CI: −11.9, 21.0), although the association was not significant in the latter. In conclusion, lead exposure was associated with weaker grip strength in women, even at the low exposure levels in the population. Furthermore, low blood selenium level was associated with weaker grip strength, suggesting that some individuals might have selenium deficiency manifesting with poorer neuromotor function.
Prevalence of Neutralising Antibodies to HCoV-NL63 in Healthy Adults in Australia
Authors: Lynch Sean A. , Subbarao Kanta , Mahanty Siddhartha , Barber Bridget E. , Roulis Eileen V. , van der Hoek Lia , McCarthy James S. , Spann Kirsten M.
Published: August 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of understanding the immune response to seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV) infections such as HCoV-NL63, how existing neutralising antibodies to HCoV may modulate responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection, and the utility of seasonal HCoV as human challenge models. Therefore, in this study we quantified HCoV-NL63 neutralising antibody titres in a healthy adult population using plasma from 100 blood donors in Australia. A microneutralisation assay was performed with plasma diluted from 1:10 to 1:160 and tested with the HCoV-NL63 Amsterdam-1 strain. Neutralising antibodies were detected in 71% of the plasma samples, with a median geometric mean titre of 14. This titre was similar to those reported in convalescent sera taken from individuals 3–7 months following asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection, and 2–3 years post-infection from symptomatic SARS-CoV-1 patients. HCoV-NL63 neutralising antibody titres decreased with increasing age (R2 = 0.042, p = 0.038), but did not differ by sex. Overall, this study demonstrates that neutralising antibody to HCoV-NL63 is detectable in approximately 71% of the healthy adult population of Australia. Similar titres did not impede the use of another seasonal human coronavirus (HCoV-229E) in a human challenge model, thus, HCoV-NL63 may be useful as a human challenge model for more pathogenic coronaviruses.
Cytomegalovirus Viral Load in Transplanted Patients Using the NeuMoDx™ (Qiagen) Automated System: A 1-Month Experience Feedback
Authors: Luciani Léa , Mongin Denis , Ninove Laetitia , Nougairède Antoine , Bardy Kevin , Gazin Céline , Charrel Remi N. , Zandotti Christine
Published: August 2021

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) reactivations represent a significant morbidity and mortality problem in transplant patients. Reliable and rapid measurement of CMV viral load is a key issue for optimal patient management. We report here the evaluation of NeuMoDx™ (Qiagen) in a routine hospital setting (University Hospitals of Marseille, France) in comparison with our classical reference technique R-GENE. During one month, 719 CMV viral loads from 507 patients were measured in parallel in both techniques. Using the ROC (receiver operating characteristic) curve and our biological experience we suggest that values <52 IU/mL (geometric mean) correspond to negative samples, values >140 IU/mL (Fowlkes–Mallows index) correspond to quantifiable positive results and values ranging from 52 to 140 IU/mL represent non-quantifiable positive results. Follow-up of 15 transplant patients who developed CMV reactivation during the study showed that NeuMoDx™ provided higher viral load measurement during the first two weeks of follow-up for three patients. These important intra-individual variations resulted in a significant median increase considering the whole data set (6.7 points of difference expressed as a percentage of the initial viral load). However, no difference between the two techniques was noticeable after two weeks of treatment. Subsequent to this first study we conclude that NeuMoDx™, used with optimized logistics and an adapted threshold, allows a rapid CMV viral load measurement and that its use does not lead to any difference in patient management compared to the reference technique R-GENE®.
Comparative Computational Modeling of the Bat and Human Immune Response to Viral Infection with the Comparative Biology Immune Agent Based Model
Authors: Cockrell Chase , An Gary
Published: August 2021

Given the impact of pandemics due to viruses of bat origin, there is increasing interest in comparative investigation into the differences between bat and human immune responses. The practice of comparative biology can be enhanced by computational methods used for dynamic knowledge representation to visualize and interrogate the putative differences between the two systems. We present an agent based model that encompasses and bridges differences between bat and human responses to viral infection: the comparative biology immune agent based model, or CBIABM. The CBIABM examines differences in innate immune mechanisms between bats and humans, specifically regarding inflammasome activity and type 1 interferon dynamics, in terms of tolerance to viral infection. Simulation experiments with the CBIABM demonstrate the efficacy of bat-related features in conferring viral tolerance and also suggest a crucial role for endothelial inflammasome activity as a mechanism for bat systemic viral tolerance and affecting the severity of disease in human viral infections. We hope that this initial study will inspire additional comparative modeling projects to link, compare, and contrast immunological functions shared across different species, and in so doing, provide insight and aid in preparation for future viral pandemics of zoonotic origin.
Polydnavirus Innexins Disrupt Host Cellular Encapsulation and Larval Maturation
Authors: Zhang Peng , Turnbull Matthew
Published: August 2021

Polydnaviruses are dsDNA viruses associated with endoparasitoid wasps. Delivery of the virus during parasitization of a caterpillar and subsequent virus gene expression is required for production of an amenable environment for parasitoid offspring development. Consequently, understanding of Polydnavirus gene function provides insight into mechanisms of host susceptibility and parasitoid wasp host range. Polydnavirus genes predominantly are arranged in multimember gene families, one of which is the vinnexins, which are virus homologues of insect gap junction genes, the innexins. Previous studies of Campoletis sonorensis Ichnovirus Vinnexins using various heterologous systems have suggested the four encoded members may provide different functionality in the infected caterpillar host. Here, we expressed two of the members, vnxG and vnxQ2, using recombinant baculoviruses in susceptible host, the caterpillar Heliothis virescens. Following intrahemocoelic injections, we observed that >90% of hemocytes (blood cells) were infected, producing recombinant protein. Larvae infected with a vinnexin-recombinant baculovirus exhibited significantly reduced molting rates relative to larvae infected with a control recombinant baculovirus and mock-infected larvae. Similarly, larvae infected with vinnexin-recombinant baculoviruses were less likely to survive relative to controls and showed reduced ability to encapsulate chromatography beads in an immune assay. In most assays, the VnxG protein was associated with more severe pathology than VnxQ2. Our findings support a role for Vinnexins in CsIV and more broadly Ichnovirus pathology in infected lepidopteran hosts, particularly in disrupting multicellular developmental and immune physiology.
Age- and Sex-Graded Data Evaluation of Vaccination Reactions after Initial Injection of the BNT162b2 mRNA Vaccine in a Local Vaccination Center in Germany
Authors: Hoffmann Manuela A. , Wieler Helmut J. , Enders Peter , Buchholz Hans-Georg , Plachter Bodo
Published: August 2021

A high vaccination rate of older and particularly chronically ill people against coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is likely one of the most important factors in containing the pandemic. When Germany’s vaccination campaign started on December 2020, vaccination prioritization was initially carried out starting with older population groups. Side effect rates in 1065 individuals who had received the first dose of the messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) vaccine BNT162b2 Tozinameran from BioNTech/Pfizer three weeks earlier were examined retrospectively. An age- and gender-graded data analysis showed clear age and gender differences with regard to vaccine-related adverse effects. In 77% of all individuals over 80 years of age, no local or systemic side effects were reported after the first vaccination, whereas in the age group up to 80 years, only 37% showed no side effects. In the whole study population, 64% of females and 73% of males reported no adverse effects. The initial vaccination with mRNA vaccine BNT162b2 shows an overall low profile of side effects. Particularly in those over 80 years, an extraordinarily good tolerance with equally good effectiveness is evident. The sex comparison showed that women suffer more often from adverse vaccination reactions. In order to achieve sufficient herd immunity, both age- and gender-dependent vaccination reactions and any difference in the maintenance of immunity should be considered in future vaccination strategies.
Variation in Anisotropy with Dehydration in Layered Sandstone
Authors: Liu Fujun , Yang Liu , Jia Hailiang
Published: August 2021

Anisotropy in rock could significantly affect the stability and safety of rock engineering by differing physical and mechanical properties of rock in different directions. Another major factor for physical and mechanical properties of rock is moisture state, however, whether anisotropy can be altered by it remains unclear. This study investigated variation in anisotropy (by conduct-ing ultrasonic tests) with moisture state (measured by nuclear magnetic resonance) in layered sandstones, and interpreted the phenomenon from the perspective of linking dehydration with pore structure of rock. The results show that (1) sandstone with more obvious bedding bears stronger anisotropy, the P-wave velocity in the perpendicular direction is much lower than that in the parallel direction. (2) The anisotropy index fluctuates around 1 with dehydration of sandstone without obvious bedding, while the anisotropy in sandstone with obvious bedding was significantly enhanced be dehydration. (3) During dehydration bulk water escaped firstly then capillary water and bound water. (4) Dehydration is controlled by the bedding structure. The different dehydration rates of pore water in different directions inevitably lead to heterogeneity in moisture state that change the anisotropy of the rock, which is reflected by the non-synchronous changes in P-wave velocities in different directions.
Practical Performance and User Experience of Novel DUAL-Flush Vacuum Toilets
Authors: Todt Daniel , Bisschops Iemke , Chatzopoulos Paraschos , van Eekert Miriam H. A.
Published: August 2021

Vacuum toilets have gained increasing attention in circular urban development projects, because of their marked water saving qualities compared to conventional flush toilets and the increased resource recovery potential for energy in the form of biogas and phosphorous as, e.g., struvite from the resulting concentrated wastewater. A further reduction of the flushing volume of vacuum toilets would also bring nitrogen recovery options in reach. In the framework of the EU Horizon 2020 project Run4Life, a novel dual-flush vacuum toilet was developed and tested at two sites and combined with an analysis of the flushing patterns and a qualitative user survey. The results show that a 25–50% lower flushing water consumption and accordingly 1.5–2 times higher nutrient concentrations are achievable with this novel type of vacuum toilet. The usage frequency of the dual flush feature was higher in residential homes than in an office building, which also had urinals installed at the men toilets. A notable fraction of toilet visits in which the toilet was flushed twice as well as user feedback on dissatisfactory cleaning effects suggest that the applied reduction in water use is most likely the upper limit of what can be achieved in this type of toilet.
Blue Water Footprints of Ontario Dairy Farms
Authors: Al-Bahouh Mariam , Osborne Vern , Wright Tom , Dixon Mike , VanderZaag Andrew , Gordon Robert
Published: August 2021

The blue water footprint (WF) is an indicator of freshwater required to produce a given end product. Determining the blue WF for milk production, the seasonal water use and the impact of water conservation are important sustainability considerations for the dairy industry in Ontario (Canada). In this study, a water footprint network (WFN) method was used to calculate the seasonal blue WF’s from in-barn water use data and the fat–protein-corrected milk (FPCM) production. Various water conservation options were estimated using the AgriSuite software. Results showed that the total water use (L of water·cow−1·d−1) and the average blue WF (L of water·kg−1 of FPCM) were 246.3 ± 6.8 L·cow−1·d−1 and 7.4 ± 0.2 L·kg−1, respectively. The total water use and the blue WF could be reduced to 182.7 ± 5.1 L·cow−1·d−1 (25.8% reduction) and 5.8 ± 0.1 L·kg−1 (21.6% reduction), respectively, through adaptive water conservation measures as the reuse of the plate cooler and milk house water. For example, conservation practices could reduce the milk house wash water use from 74.3 ± 8.8 L·cow−1·d−1 to 16.6 ± 0.1 L·cow−1·d−1 (77.7% overall reduction).
Investigation of the antibacterial activity of the nanostructured system of copper sulfate in Na-carboxymethyl cellulose on the example of an indigenous strain of the gram-negative bacterium Esherichia coli
Authors: Lyakhovchenko N.S. , Senchenkov V.Yu. , Moldavanova A.Yu. , Myagkov D.A. , Sirotin A.A. , Krolevets A.A.
Published: August 2021

The article provides a study of the antibacterial activity of nanostructured copper sulfate in Nacarboxymethyl cellulose on the example of an indigenous strain of the gram-negative bacterium Esherichia coli by the disk-diffusion method. The study revealed that the modification of the active material increases its biocidal properties by 321.34; 121.5; 369.5; 562.6 and 351.7% with an increase in the weight ratio “core : shell” to 1:2 and concentration from 0.5 to 1% in aqueous suspensions.
Nanostructured dry stevia extract: properties and applications in the production of functional food products
Authors: Krolevets A.A. , Glotova S.G. , Mamaeva E.M. , Golubkova K.V. , Pavlova A.A.
Published: August 2021

The paper presents the properties of nanostructured dry stevia extract and its application for the production of functional food for prophylactic purposes on the example of marmalade and ice cream. The size of the nanostructured dry stevia extract was determined by the NTA method. As it turned out, the average size of nanoparticles depends on the nature of the studied shells and is 48–63 nm, which allows this product to be used for its functional purpose.
Components of natural food adversely affecting the human body
Authors: Agapkin A.M.
Published: August 2021

A brief description of the main natural toxins contained in some products of plant and animal origin which may pose a danger to our health (glycosides, ciguatoxin, tetrodotoxin, phytotoxins, furocoumarins, mycotoxins and allergens) is presented.
The features of Slovenia ecological policy
Authors: Knyazev Yuriy Konstantinovich
Published: August 2021

In Slovenia, there is an urgent problem of limiting the harmful effects of economic activities that deteriorate the living conditions of people, animals and fl ora. The state is taking measures to encourage residents to stay in their home towns and take care of their arrangement and development, the preservation of natural resources and a comfortable environment for people. Numerous public organizations of civil society play an important role in this. This article outlines the features of the modern environmental policy of Slovenia, carried out within the framework of the general line of the European Union, aimed at the phasing out of carbon fuels and the transition to renewable energy sources. The article analyzes Slovenian official documents, setting out the country's environmental strategy, progress in the implementation of plans for energy and climate measures until 2030, the current state of the energy sector and its compliance with the planned tasks. The author's assessment of the efficiency of the environmental policy carried out in Slovenia and its possible results is presented. It is stated that although the indicators of improving the environmental situation are gradually increasing, the emission of harmful gases is decreasing, and the efficiency of the use of energy and raw materials is improving, Slovenia still lags behind the European average in most of these indicators. Meanwhile, it has a relatively high share of renewable energy sources in its total production. This is achieved through budget subsidies for the energy produced from renewable energy sources so that its price does not exceed the market level. Significant monetary resources are spent to apply a wide range of incentive measures. Therefore, the government is forced to seek opportunities to further increase the funding for environmental activities, in particular through European Union funds, including assistance to fight the coronavirus pandemic.

English version of the article on pp. 317-324 at URL: https://panor.ru/articles/features-of-the-environmental-policy-in-slovenia/66114.html
Física contemporânea na educação básica: o uso de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem para o ensino do modelo padrão da física de partículas
Authors:   , Marques Rodolfo de Moura
Published: August 2021

Neste trabalho apresentamos a proposta de um ambiente virtual de aprendizagem desenvolvido especialmente para o ensino do Modelo Padrão da Física de Partículas para alunos do ensino médio. O Modelo Padrão proporciona um melhor entendimento de como as partículas que compõem o universo e três das quatro forças fundamentais se relacionam, possibilitando prever uma ampla variedade de fenômenos e explicar diversos resultados experimentais. O ambiente virtual foi estruturado na perspectiva de ensino híbrido e adota características do modelo de rotação. Nesse ambiente foi elaborada uma sequência didática para abordar o Modelo Padrão, por meio de um processo de modelagem científica, que utiliza diferentes recursos multimidiáticos e pode ser aplicada em qualquer ano do ensino médio ou da educação de jovens e adultos. O conteúdo da sequência didática foi organizado em três módulos que seguem a forma de aprendizagem significativa do tipo subordinada, em que o conhecimento prévio dos estudantes funciona como base para a aquisição de um novo conhecimento por meio de um processo interativo. O módulo I apresenta a evolução dos modelos atômicos; o módulo II insere o Modelo Padrão da Física de Partículas; e o módulo III apresenta alguns trabalhos desenvolvidos com base no Modelo Padrão e suas contribuições para a sociedade. As atividades envolvem hipertextos, vídeos, visita virtual ao CERN, entre outras. A avaliação da sequência didática como ferramenta de ensino se deu por meio de um processo de revisão por pares. Os resultados indicam que o ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, da maneira como foi estruturado, apresenta grande potencial como recurso educacional para inserção de tópicos de física contemporânea na educação básica.
Land Cover and Coastline Change Assessment of Nijhum Dwip, Bangladesh, using Geospatial Analysis
Authors: Sobnam Mohoua , Mamun Al
Published: August 2021

Nijhum Dwip is a southern island of Bangladesh isolated from the mainland, in the convergence of the Meghna River and the Bay of Bengal. This island has studied through overlay analysis and supervised classification by geospatial and remote sensing technique, over 38 years (1980-2018) using multitemporal Landsat MSS, TM, OLI, and TIRS satellite images with identification of historical changes. This landform is facing frequent shifting of its coastline and leading to sequential changes on the land surface. Analysis revealed substantial growth of settlement and agricultural land whereas significant lessening on vegetation cover and open space. In 1990 agricultural land was 4.47 km2 (13.29%) and improved to 9.16 km2 (19.17%) in 2018. Similarly, settlement also increased from 1.92 km2 (4.79%) in 1999 to 5.72 km2 (11.97%) in 2018. Conversely, vegetation was primarily 8.02 km2 (27.71%), 18.70 km2 (55.61%), 20.97 km2 (52.29%), 18.47 km2 (36.28%) and 15.28 km2 (31.98%) in 1980,1990,1999, 2010 and 2018, indicating declination. As well, water bodies and open space also fluctuated through the period because of geomorphological processes and human intervention. Besides, the least and highest unstable char land was 1.15 km2 (3.42%) and 1.68 km2 (5.80%) in 1990 and 1980.
Facilitating Students’ Multiple Intelligences through RME: A Learning Trajectory of Volume and Surface Area Measurement
Authors: Ahmad Wachidul Kohar  , Achmad Dhany Fachruddin  , Soffil Widadah
Published: August 2021

This is a design research which aims to describe the learning trajectory of volume and surface area of rectangular prism by considering the involvement of the multiple intelligences-based activities within the realistic mathematics education (RME) learning activity. A total of 39 students of grade five at an elementary school in Sidoarjo, Indonesia were involved in teaching experiment phase. By collecting data through documentation, interviews, and classroom observations, the Hypothetical Learning Trajectory which was developed in pilot experiment was then revised to get a revised learning trajectory reported in this paper. Such a revised learning  trajectory are the learning activities around drawing the nets of cube and cuboids through rolling activity, comparing surface are and volume of two models with different sizes, finding surface area using the constructed nets, building miniature buildings using cube unit model, predicting the number cube units in a box, constructing various models of cuboids to various sizes using particular number of cube units, rearranging a number of cube units arrangements with different layers to get different volume and surface area, and comparing the volumes of two rectangular prism made from the same rectangular model of paper. Lastly, at the ‘formal level’ students developed their  informal  knowledge  into  formal  concepts  of volume and surface area of rectangular prism, which in this case is cuboid and cube.
Kesalahan Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama dalam Menyelesaikan Soal Matematika Tipe Pisa
Authors: Safegi Jihan Della , Hapizah Hapizah , Hiltrimartin Cecil , Made Sukaryawan  , Kodri Madang  , Ketang Wiyono  , Yenny Anwar
Published: August 2021

This study aimed to determine student errors and the factors that caused students to make mistakes in solving PISA-type math problems. Error analysis was carried out based on Newman's analysis through tests and interviews. This research was conducted in one of the junior high schools in the Province of the Bangka Belitung Islands, involving 26 students. Subjects were selected based on a purposive sampling technique with three considerations: academic ability, teacher recommendations, and student willingness. This study used the descriptive qualitative method. The PISA math test questions tested consisted of change and relationship, space and shape, quantity and uncertainty, and data content. The results showed that reading errors were 40.21%, comprehension errors were 41.86%, transformation errors were 87.29%, process skill error is 90.26%, and the answer writing error is 88.46%. While uncertain and data is the content with the most significant error percentage, which is 82.31%. In general, errors were caused by students who cannot relate PISA questions to the material they usually study, and students were not accustomed to working on PISA questions.
Coronary Artery Disease Prediction Using Decision Trees and Multinomial Naïve Bayes with k-Fold Cross Validation
Authors: Endang S Kresnawati  , Yulia Resti  , Bambang Suprihatin  , M. Rendy Kurniawan  , Widya Ayu Amanda
Published: August 2021

Penyakit arteri koroner (coronary artery disease) menjadi penyebab utama kematian penduduk di dunia setidaknya selama dua dekade (2000-2019) dan mengalami peningkatan kematian terbesar dalam rentang waktu tersebut dibandingkan dengan penyebab kematian lainnya. Keberhasilan memprediksi penyakit arteri koroner secara dini berdasarkan data medis bermanfaat bagi pasien dan juga bagi kestabilan perekonomian negara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah memprediksi penyakit arteri koroner jantung dengan mengimplementasikan dua metode statistical learning yaitu Multinomial Naïve Bayes dan pohon keputusan dengan validasi silang 10-fold, dimana variabel-variabel numerik didiskritisasi untuk memperoleh variabel-variabel kategorik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode Pohon Keputusan memiliki kinerja yang lebih baik dibandingkan metode Multinomial Naïve Bayes dalam memprediksi penyakit arteri koroner. Ukuran kinerja metode Pohon Keputusan memperoleh tingkat akurasi 99,63 %, sensitivitas 100 %, spesifisitas 99,33%, presisi 99,23 %, dan nilai prediksi negatif (NPV) 100 %. Ukuran-ukuran ini mengindikasikan bahwa metode Pohon Keputusan layak digunakan untuk memprediksi penyakit arteri coroner, termasuk data independent berupa data penyakit arteri coroner lainnya dengan variable predictor yang sama. Hasil penelitian ini juga menunjukkan bahwa perbedaan rujukan dengan penelitian-penelitian sebelumnya dalam mendiskritisasi variabel numerik mampu meningkatkan kinerja metode dalam memprediksi penyakit arteri coroner.
Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis as the basis of anthropology
Authors: Tratch Roman
Published: August 2021

The existence of four directions of psychoanalysis realization in modern psychology is argued in the historical-psychological research, that is as an original method of treatment of neuroses and other mental disorders exclusively in a verbal way; as a theory of personality, that is, as a system of scientific knowledge about the formation of human character; as a systemic, often shocking, critique of Western civilization and as a new philosophy and thus a kind of worldview that sheds the light of truth on the unconscious sphere of its life. The historical way of formation of Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalysis as a separate, biologically determined, naturally centered and culturally influential current of psychological science of the XX century is highlighted and the motivating influence of concepts and themes of B. Pascal, F. Nietzsche and especially J. Charcot is indicated on this formation, firstly as an idea and research program, then as a theory and method of psychotherapeutic practice. The exceptional importance of Freud’s creative collaboration with his older colleague Joseph Brier is emphasized, the productivity of which is confirmed by the jointly published book “The Study of Hysteria” published in 1895. It is it which initiates the expansive psychoanalytic discourse. It is noted that the idea and concept of displacement became the central core of Freudian psychology and made it possible to understand both individual works of fiction and classical works of art. It is stated that translations of selected Freud’s works into the native language were received by Ukrainian scientists only at the end of the last century, which, however, does not diminish the importance of psychoanalysis as a theoretical-empirical foundation of anthropology. Finally, based on the rich legacy of Philip Lersch, a conclusion is formulated about the prospects of a phenomenological approach to the cognition of human mental life in the context of urgent tasks of both theoretical psychology and applied, practice-oriented.
Author’s program of the discipline “Psychology as a sphere of thinking activity”
Authors: Furman Anatoliy
Published: August 2021

Presented author’s program of the discipline “Psychology as a sphere of thinking activity”.
RFID-Based Digital Door Locking System
Authors:   Student, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AKS University, Satna, MP, India., Soni Shubham , Soni Rajni ,   Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AKS University, Satna, MP, India, Waoo* Akhilesh A. ,   Associate Professor and Head, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, AKS University, Satna, MP, India
Published: August 2021

This is an IoT-enabled RFID-based door locking gadget. This door lock system will know how long the door is open and in this door lock system, only those people who register will be able to enter using their card. It uses a servo motor that operates with the help of Arduino. The Arduino board runs with complete programming that is stored inside it. By using this gadget, an owner can track his office and the place where he wants to let the specific people in. It is also very secure. RFID Module, LCD Display Red and Green and Yellow LED Light and Buzzer have also been used in this door lock system. When the door is locked, the yellow LED will be on and when the door lock is open, the green led light will turn on. The Red LED work will alert you that your card is wrong.
Performance Analysis of Cognitive Radios in a Cooperative Scheme over Nakagami Fading Channels
Authors:   Astrocent, Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center(CAMK-PAN), Warsaw, Poland., Alam* Sk Shariful , Mallick Shishir ,   Department of ECE, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh., Habib Al-Zadid Sultan Bin ,   Department of ECE, KUET, Khulna, Bangladesh.
Published: August 2021

Radio spectrum is a primary requisite for wireless technologies and sensor networks. Due to the high demand and expense of the radio spectrum, it is guaranteed to extend its efficient utilization it. To expand the effective operation and serviceability of the radio spectrum in wireless communications, the notion of Cognitive Radio (CR) is presented in where the licensed spectrum of Primary User (PU) is used opportunistically by unlicensed CR users without interfering with the prioritized PU data transmission. Usually, a CR system is applied to detect empty radio bands by exploiting well-known spectrum sensing schemes and then unused spectrum is opportunistically used by the CR system. Various channels fading of the radio environment are to be considered while introducing different spectrum sensing approaches. In this regard, sensing time to find a vacant radio spectrum should be maintained minimum to reliably get the desired throughput. In this paper, an agreement issue is addressed between the time required for effective spectrum sensing and the achievable throughput of the CR network. Our proposed model illustrates the achievable throughput of CR node in cooperation provides better performance than stand-alone CR node. This is achieved by addressing the variation of the number of nodes under the Nakagami fading distribution. In conclusion, the maximum throughputs of the cooperative CR nodes are guaranteed as per simulation and data analysis.
Las horas creciendo contigo: Discursos de un grupo de adolescentes sobre la naturalización de la violencia en la vida cotidiana de una institución educativa
Authors:   Universidad Santiago de Cali, Arce Cabrera Angela María
Published: August 2021

Históricamente, educación es fundamento y apropiación cultural del mundo, como también, tiempo vivido en el porvenir de la naturaleza humana. Con ella, se forman y se diferencian las relaciones interpersonales y las condiciones en las que es expresado el lenguaje en comunidad. Desde esta perspectiva, se puede considerar el concepto de educación concebido etimológicamente por los griegos bajo el vocablo phyo derivado de verbo physis que significa llegar a ser, producir engendrar o hacer crecer. Asimismo, bajo este rótulo, se hace evidente la afinidad establecida entre physis y paideia, devenidas educación y saber, y en tanto, saber es condición que se hace humanidad y educación, institución se vuelve pedagogía en torno al fundamento del ser que, en sí misma, se puede implementar como criterio para el deber ser. En estas relaciones, se expone además el logos como dispositivo de pensamiento en el sistema educativo, con el que, también se puede determinar el discurso que se halla vinculado tanto al fundamento intersubjetivo como a la forma de representación en los adolescentes que, con frecuencia, se hace impronta lingüística capaz de ocasionar formas de representación y percepción simbólica, las cuales constituyen mediante el propio discurso el sistema de significación que le confieren a través de su propio comportamiento las diferentes actividades y escenarios de la realidad.
Ne Bis in Idem in the Tax Process
Authors: Czudek Damian
Published: August 2021

The article deals with the institute of deadlines within the framework of the Tax Code, especially the possibilities and obligation of the tax administrator to extend the deadline on the request of a taxpayer. The article focuses in particular on the analysis of decisions of administrative courts and, on the basis of this, tries to define theoretical legal bases for the conditions that the tax administrator examines if the tax payer files the request for an extension of the deadline.
The Risks of Municipalities in Case of Free Financial Fund Investments
Authors: Csörgits Lajos
Published: August 2021

Municipa lities, as they work with public f unds, shou ld act as a “good farmer”: the loca l municipality has to use its available resources properly, with an efficient and economical management. Municipalities are in a difficult situation when they have to decide on the temporary use or “storage” of their temporarily free funds.
Written Explanations of the Russian Tax Law
Authors: Dement’ev Igor
Published: August 2021

The article is devoted to the theoretical description of the interpretation of the norms of the tax law and the definition of the legal status of written explanations of the tax legislation, their place in the mechanism of legal tax regulation. The purpose of the article is to confirm or refute the following hypothesis: written explanations of the tax legislation – an act of official interpretation of the norms of the tax law and mandatory for subjects of tax law enforcement. Methods: the methodological basis of the study was a set of methods of scientific knowledge. Genera l scientific (dia lectics, ana lysis and synthesis, abstraction and concretisation) and private scientific methods of research (formal-legal, comparative-legal, technical-legal) were used. To obtain new knowledge, the author also used the systemic and instrumental approach, empirical methods of description, comparison; methods of analogy, abstraction and the structural-functional method.
Cryptocurrencies from the Perspective of the EU Financial Market Regulation
Authors: Hobza Martin , Vondráčková Aneta
Published: August 2021

During the last two years, cryptocurrencies became a new social, economic, as well as legal phenomenon. In this context, many open questions arise. The paper deals with the issue how cryptocurrencies interact with the current European financial market regulatory framework. The following key issues will be particularly mentioned: cryptocurrency derivatives, ICO’s and investment services regulation under MiFID II and possible relation of an ICO to the regulation of collective investment undertakings/investment funds under UCITS/AIFMD.
100 Years of Changes in the Czech System of Taxation
Authors: Jánošíková Petra
Published: August 2021

The article dea ls with the changes in the system of ta xation since the establishment of the independent Czech state in 1918 until the present. In particular, the author focuses on the period of fundamental tax reforms that have occurred as a result of society changes in this state. The main aim of the contribution is to confirm or disprove the hypothesis that, the system of taxation was changed during the period of the existence of the separate Czech state. The author used the following scientific methods: comparison, description and analysis.
The National Revenue Administration and the Protection of the Financial Security of the State and the Security of the Individual
Authors: Kosińska Róża , Woltanowski Piotr
Published: August 2021

An assessment of the National Revenue Administration, which has changed the basis of the functioning of the Polish tax services from the point of view of the need to protect the financial security of the state and the security of the individual, cannot limit itself to only indicating the evident budgetary benefits that these changes have brought, nor to listing the violations of the rights of the individual due to the unconstitutional solutions adopted in the Act on the National Revenue Administration. This study aims to indicate the area in which individual and public security are compatible.
Public Levies – Revenues or Expenditures of Public Budgets?
Authors: Marková Hana
Published: August 2021

The Constitutions of 1920 and 1948, unlike recently, do not mention the charges in addition to taxes when defining mandatory payments. “Veřejné dávky” (public levies) were understood to be a payment which was imposed on members and participants of such corporations on the basis of a public authority (state and public self-governing corporations) in order to cover the payment of public needs. However, the primary method by which the state has provided the necessary means to cover its expenses was the charges. The core of these charges was equivalency of the mutual fulfilment. Secondly, the principle of requiring funds from the members of the state collective without immediate consideration was followed, i.e. the institute of taxation. In addition to these terms, for example, the term contribution is used for mandatory payments. In a number of cases, the term contribution is linked to the expenditure side of budgets and so often coincides with the concept of subsidy. On the expenditure side of the budget, the term “veřejné dávky” (public benefit) can be used for payments which, given their nature, are provided from the public budget. Differentiation of the use of the term “veřejné dávky” (public benefit eventually public levies) can lead to misunderstandings, which should be solved by the legal terminology.
Legal Aspects of Tax Administration Electronisation
Authors: Tuláček Michal
Published: August 2021

Nowadays, information and communication technologies are used in all areas of human activity. Naturally, tax administration is not an exception. There is no dispute that the introduction of such technologies has a positive performance impact in many areas. However, does the introduction of such technologies have some legal consequences as well? The aim of the paper is to identify the legal aspects arising from the usage of such technologies in tax administration.
Shaping Financial Accountability Via Participatory Budgeting – Theoretical Framework for Axiological and Legal Analysis
Authors: Zawadzka-Pąk Urszula K.
Published: August 2021

Despite the potential of participatory budgeting, its possibilities to strengthen the common good principle are not fully implemented, due to the insufficient accountability for the local expenditure. Thus, the main purpose of this article is to propose the theoretical framework for shaping financial accountability via participatory budgeting. We will understand financial accountability as the social mechanism enabling significant enhancement via participatory budgeting of the cities inhabitants’ influence on the executive and decision-making bodies in the field of the allocation of local budget’s funds, to enhance the principle of common good due to the double-loop feedback of public values and the legal norm.