bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Androgenic and Anabolic Effects of Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. Pollen in Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Adenigba I. , Tumbokon B.L.M. , Serrano A.J.
Published: February 2021

Feeding trials were conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary pine pollen from Pinus tabulaeformis Carr. on masculinization, growth, food conversion efficiency, and survival of Clarias gariepinus. Experimental diets were prepared using a commercial feed for fry as basal diet with 5 levels of pine pollen supplementation: 0 (control, T1), 80 (T2), 160 (T3), 320 (T4), and 640 (T5) mg/kg diet; two positive control diets were also included, namely 17-α-methyltestosterone, and testosterone at 60 mg/kg diet. Two feeding trials were conducted, the first; larvae to fry for 72 days (Phase 1) and the second; fry to fingerling for an additional 45 days (Phase 2). Results showed that the percentage of males was significantly lower in the untreated diet (50.4%) and significantly higher in all of the pine pollen groups although there was no significant difference between the pine pollen groups. The male percentage was significantly highest in the 17-α-methyltestosterone and testosterone groups with no significant difference between the two groups. Phase 1 feeding showed that pine pollen did not affect growth, feed intake, food conversion efficiency, and survival of catfish. In Phase 2 feeding, the final average body weight (FABW), weight gain (WG), feed intake (FI), and protein efficiency ratio (PER) in all pine pollen groups similarly increased, but specific growth rate (SGR) and food conversion ratio (FCR) did not. 17-α-methyltestosterone treatment significantly increased WG and SGR, but enhancement was significantly inferior to the pine pollen groups (P<0.05). Testosterone did not have any effect on any of the response parameters. FIs were significantly higher in the pine pollen groups than either the control, 17-α-methyltestosterone, and testosterone groups. There was no effect on survival rate in any of the treatments All rates were statistically similar (P>0.05). Conclusion: pine pollen resulted in slightly but significantly inferior androgenic effect, but anabolic effect was superior compared to both 17-α-methyltestosterone, and testosterone. Its use for sex reversal and improved growth is recommended.
Cost of inpatient rehabilitation for children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury
Authors: Teo Jia Hui , Chong Shu-Ling , Chiang LW , Ng Zhi Min
Published: February 2021

ABSTRACT Aim: To evaluate the cost of inpatient rehabilitation for children with moderate to severe traumatic brain injury (TBI). Secondary aim was to identify factors associated with high inpatient rehabilitation cost. Method: Retrospective review of a tertiary hospital’s trauma registry was performed from 2011–2017. All patients aged 16 years or younger who sustained TBI with Glasgow Coma Scale ≤13 were included. Data on patient demographics, mechanism and severity of injury, hospital duration and inpatient rehabilitation cost were collected. We performed a regression analysis to identify factors associated with high rehabilitation cost. Results: There were a total of 51 patients. The median duration of inpatient rehabilitation was 13.5 days (interquartile range [IQR] 4–35), amounting to a median cost of SGD8,361 (IQR 3,543–25,232). Daily ward costs contributed the most to total inpatient rehabilitation cost. Those with severe TBI had longer duration of inpatient rehabilitation that resulted in higher cost of inpatient rehabilitation. Presence of polytrauma, medical complications, post-traumatic amnesia and TBI post-non-accidental injury (NAI) were associated with higher cost of inpatient rehabilitation. Conclusion: The cost of inpatient rehabilitation for paediatric patients post-TBI is significant in Singapore. Patients with TBI secondary to NAI had significantly higher cost of inpatient rehabilitation. Ways to reduce duration of hospitalisation post-TBI and early step-down care or outpatient rehabilitation should be explored to reduce cost. Keywords: Duration, paediatrics, rehabilitative medicine
Influence the Quality of Accounting Information Systems and the Effectiveness of Internal Control on Public Financial Reporting Quality; an Empirical Sturdy
Authors:   Senior Consultant, Sri Lanka Institute of Development Administration, Anuruddha Mayadunnege Senaka
Published: February 2021

There is a growing concern over the public financial management practices including financial reporting of governments. People's concern over more productive public resource utilization has flourished. Not only that, transparency, accountability, and openness of public money utilizations have become more common. Financial reporting is a key leading instrument that is able to prove both ideas. The requirement stimulates governments to concern about the quality of financial reporting in the public sector. The government of Sri Lanka has already taken several steps to strengthen their public financial reporting while there are still being criticisms by critical interest parties. The situation creates a drought over the effectiveness and the direction of the initiatives. Based on the public financial reporting environment in Sri Lanka, the research investigates the determining factors of Public Financial Reporting Quality (PFRQ). Scholars acknowledge the influence of the Accounting Information System (AIS) and Internal Control (IC) to determine the PFRQ in different organizational environments. A questionnaire survey seeking opinions on these two areas was distributed to a sample of Accountants working in the central government ministries and departments in Sri Lanka. The results reveal the strong contribution of AIS and IC to enhance the PFRQ. The results further acknowledge the findings of previous scholars over the positive influence of AIS and IC to determine the FRQ. These findings contribute to the literature by analyzing the determinants of financial reporting quality in the public sector. Finally, it is recommending to the government of Sri Lanka to take steps to strengthen their public financial reporting in a correct and more influential direction.
Evaluation of Microbial and Elemental contaminants of Open Market Sachet Water in Nnewi Metropolis
Authors:   Department of Human Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Science, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria, Nwobodo Ed
Published: February 2021

This Study Assessed Microbial And Elemental Constituents Of Sachet Drinking Water In Nnewi Metropolis. 100 Questionnaires Were Administered To Get Responses Of Individuals Who Frequently Drink Sachet Water And Cross-Sectional Study Was Conducted Using 10 Sachet Water Samples Collected From Nnewi. Each Sample Was Subjected To Physicochemical Examinations And Microbiological Examination. Data Were Analyzed Using Descriptive And ANOVA. 29% Respondents Reported Developing Some Symptoms After Drinking A Particular Brand Or Different Brands. 60% Of Samples Had Mercury Levels Exceeding The Maximum Contaminant Level Of 0.006mg/L, While All Samples Had Lead Levels Exceeding Maximum Contaminant Level Of 0.01mg/L. Microbial Test Revealed Bacterial Contamination In All Brands And Protozoon Contamination In One. Study Concluded That Sachet Water Is Unfit For Drinking Due To High Levels Of Elemental Constituents And Bacterial Contamination. It Therefore, Highlight The Need For Government Agencies To Intensify Surveillance And Enforce Stringent Hygienic Measures To Sachet Water Industries/Retail Outlets.
Protective Use of Buildings Law of the Lanting House
Authors:   Master of Law,Universitas Diponegoro Semarang, Samudra Muhammad Aji
Published: February 2021

Existence of Lanting Houses for traditional Kalimantan people, especially Banjarmasin people, is a primary need because it their place to live. The life of the Lanting House is now, in the beginning, to be abandoned because the local government is trying to relocate the Lanting House, and there is no legal status of the Lanting House so that many heirs sell the Lanting House only with receipts. Seeing the object of the Lanting House that was built on the water was not able to get ownership rights like on the land, this caused the weak legal force against the object of this Lanting House if it had transitioned rights because an object that was built floats on the water according to the Agrarian Law does not can get land rights. The purpose of this study was to determine the protection obtained by the Lanting House. This study used a normative juridical approach by reviewing and analyzing the laws and regulations and library materials relating to the Lanting House, and the rules used as the basis for the status of the Lanting House. This study used secondary data covering primary legal material in the form of legislation, and secondary licensed content in the form of theories and literature related to the issues discussed. Research showed that the Lanting House could be protected under Law No. 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Rules of Agrarian Principles and Government Regulation No. 40 of 1996 concerning Land Use Rights, Building Use Rights, and Land Use Rights. Where the Lanting House can be given the right to use the building that has been approved by the minister of agrarian and spatial planning so that the Lanting House is recognized as a building that can be given legal certainty.
The Influence of Modernist Discourse on Lower Class Women between the West and The East: A Comparative Study
Authors:   Assistant instructor in the Iraqi Ministry of Education, General directorate of Education in Missan., Bahadlkhafaja Mohamed Abdulhasan Jasm
Published: February 2021

This study is intended to show how the impact of discourse of modernism has made remarkable changes in women’s status in patriarchal societies in the first decades if the twentieth century. Comparatively reading F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925) and Naguib Mahfouz’s Zuqāq al-Midaq (1947) [Midaq Alley (1966)], this paper endeavours to contrast and compare women’s status both in the western and eastern societies after the two world wars; as women’s struggle against patriarchy and its oppressive practices imposed on women was one of the most critical concerns of the time. The American school of comparative literature, particularly the theories put forward by Rene Wellek and Abda Abood, along with Western and Eastern feminist theories of Simone De Beauvoir’s, Christine Delphy, Nawal El Saadawi and Qasim Amin are employed as the theoretical framework of this paper. The observation to emerge from this paper is that women’s social and economic status has been vital to their perpetual oppression.
Religiusity Effect on Retirees Customer Decisions in the Take over From Conventional Banks to Islamic Banks: Study at Gorontalo City - Indonesia
Authors:   Postgraduate, IAIN Sultan Amai Gorontalo, Indonesia., Hiyoda Fara Fadilah
Published: February 2021

The phenomenon of taking over financing from conventional banks to Islamic banks carried out by retired customers in Gorontalo City is so large and the majority of the population is Muslim or a religious community making this issue important to research with the aim of knowing and examining the effect of religiosity on retirees customer decisions in taking over from conventional banks to Islamic banks in Gorontalo City. This type of research is a quantitative study with a sample size of 199. Questionnaires were distributed to respondents using multi-stage sampling techniques (proportional and accidental sampling). The results of this study indicate that religiosity has a positive and significant effect on retired customers' decisions to take over from conventional banks (BRI, BTPN, Bank Sulut, Bank Mandiri Taspen) to Islamic banks (Bank Syariah Mandiri [BSM]) in Gorontalo City. For this reason, it is recommended that Islamic financial institutions take advantage of the tendency of customers to switch to Islamic Banks by increasing public understanding through promotion of the importance of financing as a usury-free product, services remaining competitive with conventional financial institutions, and improving human resource quality.
In Saving the Canal Wall, can MERI and Otoendoscopes Help Take a Call?
Authors: Kar Titas , Mukherjee Diptanshu , Sanyal Shaoni , Bandyopadhyay Saumendra Nath
Published: February 2021

Introduction
The study was aimed to find out whether any correlation exists between Middle Ear Risk Index (MERI) and the diagnostic ability of otoendoscopes to help in the decision making to preserve the posterior canal wall in management of cases of chronic otitis media(COM) squamous type.
Materials and Methods  
Patients of chronic otitis media squamous active type were subjected to tympanomastoid surgery under the microscope and adjunctive use of otoendoscope. After proper disease clearance under microscope, otoendoscopes were taken as an adjunct to find out whether any residual disease was being left behind and to confirm whether the posterior canal wall could be preserved. Dubious cases in which the canal wall could be saved due to conclusive evidence of disease removal through the endoscope were taken as the ones being influenced by otoendoscopic decision-making.
Results
Patients having moderate MERI score were likely to have their canal walls spared by endoscopic evaluation.
Discussion
The percentage of residual disease detected with otoendoscopes were concurrent with other studies reporting similar figures.
Conclusion
The otoendoscope is decidedly more helpful in conclusive decision making in  preserving the posterior canal wall in a case of chronic otitis media.
Impaled Nasopharyngeal Foreign Body
Authors: Chatterjee Pritam , Vasamsetty V D Prasanna Kumar , Das Chiranjib , Das Sudip Kumar
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Foreign body cases are common in otolaryngologic practice, usually occurring in children. An impacted penetrating impaling foreign body can be one of the most challenging emergencies Management revolves around safe extraction of impaling object and prevention of complications. Here we share our experience with one such case of unusual foreign body impacted at an unusual site, with an extensive review of  literature discussing management & prevention of complications in similar cases.
Case Report
A 3 year old boy presented to us in ENT emergency with a long metallic hook impaled in nasopharynx for the past 8 hours.  We were able to dislodge the impacted foreign body under direct endoscopic visualisation under general anaesthesia.
Discussion
Any such injury might be similar but no two injuries are the same. It needs combined expertise of multidisciplinary team usually consisting of  ENT surgeon, anaesthesiologist, radiologist and may also need vascular surgeon and interventional radiologist at times. Several complications are reported in literature, knowledge of which would help preparedness and thus a better outcome.
Parapharyngeal Tumours: Our Experience in a Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Das Debabrata , Parveen Arjuman , Sarkar Apurba , Rahaman Sk Nawazur
Published: February 2021

Introduction
Tumours of parapharyngeal space are rare. Surgical excision is the mainstay of its management. However, approach to the space is rather difficult. The transcervical approach is most commonly practiced as opposed to the transoral approach, due to fear of complications. The present study aims to study the two approaches with respect to treatment outcomes and complications.
Materials and Methods  
A prospective study was conducted from July 2018 to December 2019 (1.5 years) at the Department of ENT in a tertiary care Hospital. A total of 10 cases of parapharyngeal tumours were selected; 5 of involving the prestyloid compartment underwent transoral surgery and the other 5 involving the post styloid compartment underwent transcervical surgery. The results of surgery and complications were studied.
Results
The mean age of presentation was 36.5 yrs. Male: Female ratio was 3:2. There were 9 benign and 1 malignant case in the study. The most common presentation was an asymptomatic oropharyngeal mass (80%). The most common pathological type was pleomorphic adenoma of the salivary gland (50%).
Conclusion
We found that the transoral approach is as effective as transcervical approach in surgical cureand contrary to the popular belief, it is associated with fewer complications.Hence, carefully selected cases can be safely managed by this approach.
La censure française, la liberté anglaise et le « catéchisme moral » pour Catherine II
Authors: Karp Sergueï
Published: February 2021

Dans les Mélanges philosophiques pour Catherine II, Diderot, reprenant un projet de l’impératrice, insiste sur la nécessité de confectionner un petit catéchisme moral basé sur le Petit code de la raison humaine écrit par son ami Jacques Barbeu Du Bourg. Cet ouvrage interdit par la censure française (1772) fut publié à Londres par les soins de Benjamin Franklin (1770, 1772/1773), puis, à La Haye, chez Marc-Michel Rey, sous une fausse adresse (1774). On essaie de reconstruire le réseau qui a favorisé la diffusion du Petit code et son parcours vers l’impératrice, sa lectrice.
La Bibliothèque Załuski – témoin d’échanges, victime de dévastations (XVIIIe-XXe siècles)
Authors: Forycki Maciej
Published: February 2021

Afin de pallier la faiblesse des collections royales, pillées au cours du siècle précédent, les frères Załuski, deux prélats polonais, constituèrent à Varsovie, en 1747, une des plus remarquables bibliothèques européennes de son temps. Passée sous le contrôle des Jésuites, puis du Ministère de l’instruction publique, elle fut pillée par les Russes, après l’échec du soulèvement de Kościuszko en 1794, qui emmenèrent une partie des fonds à Saint-Pétersbourg. Partiellement reconstituée dans l’entre-deux-guerres, elle fut de nouveau détruite lors d’un incendie allumé par les Allemands en 1944.
Marie Champion et la Biblioteca de Catalunya. Une femme dans la Librairie familiale pendant la Grande Guerre
Authors: Quer Pere
Published: February 2021

Les relations commerciales entre la Librairie Honoré Champion de Paris et l’Institut d’Estudis Catalans de Barcelone et sa Bibliothèque (Biblioteca de Catalunya) durèrent plus de vingt-cinq ans (1909-1936). Champion ne fut pas seulement le représentant en France des publications de l’Institut mais aussi le fournisseur international le plus important dans la formation de la Biblioteca de Catalunya à ses débuts. L’article analyse cette dernière facette de fournisseur en se centrant principalement sur l’époque de la Première Guerre mondiale, époque au cours de laquelle la Librairie fut dirigée par Marie Champion. L’analyse de la correspondance commerciale conservée, étudiée dans son contexte historique, permet d’ébaucher la figure d’une femme qui – en plein conflit – défend efficacement l’affaire familiale et, de plus, imprègne de sa personnalité les relations commerciales qu’elle entretiendra avec cette institution académique catalane.
Henri-Jean Martin, historien de l’édition contemporaine
Authors: Mollier Jean-Yves
Published: February 2021

Dans cet article consacré à l’un des pères de la nouvelle histoire du livre, Henri-Jean Martin, Jean-Yves Mollier revient à la fois sur les origines de l’Histoire de l’édition française et sur l’ensemble de l’œuvre de celui qui en assura, avec Roger Chartier et Jean-Pierre Vivet, la direction. Un éclairage est apporté sur le troisième homme de cet attelage un peu insolite, l’éditeur et journaliste Jean-Pierre Vivet, le moins connu des trois maîtres d’œuvre d’une histoire de l’édition qui a fait souche. En mettant à jour une sorte d’archéologie de ce monument, l’article incite le lecteur à comprendre les mécanismes souvent cachés de ce que l’on peut désigner comme une « commande sociale ». La deuxième partie de cette étude est consacrée au reste de l’œuvre et de l’action d’un historien passionné par le monde du livre, de l’Antiquité à nos jours.
Représentations et apophatisme
Authors: Chareire Isabelle
Published: February 2021

Le christianisme affirme la transcendance radicale de Dieu tout en se structurant autour de représentations symboliques (les confessions de foi), historiques (la révélation comme récit inscrit dans un texte) et institutionnelles (les Églises). Une tension entre la représentation et l’au-delà de la représentation accompagne toute l’histoire de la théologie. De manière analogue, l’expérience mystique (évoquée ici à travers les écrits de Thérèse d’Avila, Jean de la Croix et Henri Le Saux-Abhishiktananda), avec sa tendance subjective et intérieure, pose la question du rapport à la doctrine commune et à la médiation christique. L’enjeu est alors de tenir l’historicité et ses médiations pour éviter toute fuite hors du créé, tout en maintenant le caractère analogique des représentations et des concepts, sous peine de réduire le divin à ce par quoi on tente de le désigner : le signifié doit toujours l’emporter sur les figures qui l’attestent.
Le religieux comme cadre de référence dans la construction psychologique de l’identité
Authors: Brandt Pierre-Yves
Published: February 2021

Après avoir écarté l’idée que des traits innés de personnalité prédisposeraient à être religieux, une théorie de l’identité comme résultant d’un processus de construction est esquissée à l’aide de trois approches : des travaux en psychologie sociale et en sociologie, un modèle noyau-périphérie de l’identité et le concept d’identité narrative. Le rôle que peut jouer le recours à des références religieuses dans la construction identitaire est ensuite illustré par des recherches empiriques dans trois domaines : la formation de l’identité religieuse dans le passage à l’âge adulte, les ressources sur lesquelles prendre appui lors de passages difficiles dans un parcours de vie, le rôle des récits dans la construction de l’identité religieuse. L’exposé se conclut sur les responsabilités sociales qui en découlent, montrant quel impact une gouvernance publique dans ces domaines peut avoir sur le vécu psychologique.
Teacher Challenges with Assessment Practices in Elementary School Physical Education: A Literature Review
Authors: Moon Jongho
Published: February 2021

Elementary school physical education (PE) has historically been recognized as an essential subject in school curricula (Graber et al., 2008; Kirk, 2005). Meaningful experiences of participating in PE have a significant impact on students’ development of fundamental motor skills, positive behaviors, and fostering physically active lifestyles (Hunter, 2006; Morgan et al., 2013). Assessment in PE is one of these experiences and has become a central concern in PE pedagogy as it is considered necessary for students to be assessed in order to achieve the desired learning outcomes in school contexts (Elwood, 2006). Assessment is deﬁned as “the process of gathering, recording, interpreting, using and reporting information about students’ progress and achievements in developing knowledge, skills and attitudes” (National Council for Curriculum and Assessment, 2007, p. 7). Siedentop and Tannehill (2000) described PE assessment as “a variety of tasks and settings where students are given opportunities to demonstrate their knowledge, skill, understanding and application of content in a context that allows continued learning and growth” (p. 179). This review adds a comprehensive view of PE teachers’ challenges with assessment implementations to the current literature base. In conclusion, researchers have shown that PE teachers face several barriers with regards to implementing assessment practices in PE instruction. These include lack of time, large class sizes, lack of administrative accountability, lack of professional preparation, and belief that assessment is not necessary in PE. Additionally, although the descriptions of assessment practices in PE education have been a feature of education research for a while now, teachers remain incapable of implementing assessment appropriately and are making decisions regarding assessment results without proper training programs (Lund & Veal, 2008).
Sports’ Role in Education for Sustainable Development: Prospective
Authors: Yoo Sung-Sang , So Hosung
Published: February 2021

It is necessary and urgent that sport, physical education, and physical activity seriously play its role in international development and peace. As international development and cooperation is an interdisciplinary area of actions, sport needs to get more actively involved and be part of various activities for genuine development in local, national, and international level. More involvement particularly in education development through sport, physical education, and physical activity in developing countries can be advocated for each government to employ. Sport for international development cannot stay as a rhetoric but maintain its power to put every social sectors and factors together for more right-based development, which we believe is an authentic education itself.
Physical Activity Participation During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Ha Taemin , Dauenhauer Brian
Published: February 2021

Physical activity is a significant factor in enhancing quality of life due to its various physical and mental benefits. According to the World Health Organization (WHO, 2010), the recommended amount of physical activity for adults (>17 years old) is a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity activity or 75 minutes of vigorous-intensity activity every week, while the recommended amount for children and adolescents (5-17 years old) is at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity daily. However, when coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic on March 11th, 2020 (WHO, 2020a), people around the world had to adapt to new lifestyles involving shelter-in-place and social distancing orders. This phenomenon has disrupted the ability to reach the recommended amount of physical activity for people of all ages (Carvalho & Gois, 2020). The sedentary behaviors adopted during this unprecedented time could, for many people, give rise to an unhealthy lifestyle, which by extension may lead to an increased risk of coronavirus. The purpose of this paper is to review the issue and discuss ways to participate in health-enhancing physical activity during the COVID-19 pandemic.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/167
Authors:   Asst.Prof.Arabic Department,IIUI, Nazish Samia , Ahmad Shakeel
Published: February 2021

Rhetoric is the conformity of speech with the eloquence of its vocabulary and its compounds according to the situation, that surrounds the speech is called the situational context. This includes the time and place, condition of the speakers and the addressees, and circumstances of the speech. Rhetoric does not stop at the choice of words, structures and rhetorical arts, according to the requirement of the situation. Rather, it goes beyond choosing expressive ways that carry those words, structures and rhetorical arts. The ways differ according to the difference of the situation, and the situation requires one way or another or more than one way to indicate the intended meanings. Expressive ways have been varied in the Quranic discourse considering the difference in situation to express the intended, it did not adopt only one way that express the intended in all situations. This research aims to study the expressive ways used in the Quranic discourse considering the difference in situation and its effect on the souls. The topic is addressed in this research with the descriptive approach and the analytical approach for highlighting the importance of expressive ways to reach the desired meaning in the Quranic discourse.
http://habibiaislamicus.com/index.php/hirj/article/view/168
Authors:   Lecturer, Department of Translation and Interpretation, FO Arabic, IIUI. Islamabad, Awan Ali Raza , Khan Shair Ali
Published: February 2021

The Holy Qur’an is the eternal miracle of Allah revealed on his beloved Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). This book is a miracle from many perspectives, which provides complete knowledge, detail of creation, history, human nature. It is the book of realities and revealed in the high rank of Arabic language. Its linguistic style, unique expressions, word order, selection of words and omission of letters is so purposeful and meaningful that it is impossible produce its replica in any other language. This study specially focuses over mentioning and omission of letters from words and their impact on meaning of words. This is rhetoric and morphological study which deals with structure and form of the words and their semantic impact on the meanings. In this research some words e.g., اسْطَاعُوْا and اسْتَطَاعُوْاlikewise تَتَنَزَّلُ and تَنَزَّلُ etc. would be discussed morphologically and the omission of the letter ‘التاء’ and its impact on meaning would be discussed semantically and rhetorically. The linguistic distinction and uniqueness of the Quranic words would be analyzed and compared with English translations. Through this way rhetoric and miraculous aspect of the Quranic expression would be explored.
Evaluating the Efficacy of Targeted Inhibitor Therapeutics for Sonic Hedgehog Medulloblastoma: Significant Milestones and Current Limitations
Authors: Dias Maria Victoria , Isom Bridgitte , Poole Katherine , Triplett Sofia , Sadanandan Nadia
Published: February 2021

Medulloblastoma (MB) is the most common pediatric brain tumor with the Sonic Hedgehog (SHH) subtype accounting for 30% of all diagnoses. The current standard treatment regimen includes high doses of toxic chemotherapy and radiation, as well as surgical resection, motivating the need for alternative therapies which do not generate deleterious effects on patients. The purpose of this literature review was to evaluate the most recent developments in the efficacy of targeted therapeutics in treatment of SHH MB, specifically focusing on small molecule inhibitors targeting the Sonic Hedgehog pathway. The sources analyzed in this review include case studies, preclinical and clinical studies, and other review papers that investigate the mechanism and value of five SHH inhibitors: vismodegib, sonidegib, glasdegib, temozolomide, and GANT-61. Novel discoveries have highlighted that inhibitor therapeutics effectively target aberrant activity of the SHH pathway at various stages, thereby diminishing tumor progression and metastasis. Through evaluation of the inhibitors, it was determined that they are promising targeted therapeutics for SHH MB, despite their limitations. These limitations include drug resistance, molecular heterogeneity of SHH-driven tumors, and poor drug properties. More research will be needed to overcome these obstacles for clinical use, but the investment is warranted given the promise of these inhibitors. Future research should seek to establish optimal dosage and timing of intervention, further delineate the genetic basis for SHH MB, and investigate potential combination therapies with SHH inhibitors.
Refractory Epilepsy: Mechanisms of Pharmacoresistance
Authors: Le Ariel , Thomas Makenzie , Stallman Brady , Meadows Kathryn , Bhargava Vidya
Published: February 2021

Refractory or drug-resistant epilepsy is a complex and debilitating disorder that impacts over one-third of people diagnosed with epilepsy. Many studies have suggested a variety of possible hypotheses for drug-resistant epilepsy, including the degeneration of neural networks, alterations of anti-epileptic drug (AED) targets, intrinsic severity/frequency of seizures, and genetic predisposition to pharmacoresistance. However, extensive research suggests that the overexpression of efflux protein transporters in brain tissue is the most viable hypothesis. Specifically, the overexpression of P-glycoproteins (P-gps) at the blood brain barrier proves the most compelling mechanism to discuss further. Studying the mechanisms of these transporters provides critical insight for new ways to combat pharmacoresistance. Thus, this review evaluates the co-administration of P-gp inhibitors with AEDs as a promising, yet relatively unexplored, treatment option for refractory epilepsy. This review specifically considers Tariquidar (TQD) the most promising P-gp inhibitor for refractory epilepsy treatment. This work aims to evaluate the role of P-gp overexpression in refractory epilepsy, consolidate current research about potential treatment options, and identify discrepancies or gaps in the literature related to P-gp inhibitory treatments for refractory epilepsy. It was concluded that, as a result of increased drug efflux processes at the blood brain barrier, overexpression of P-gp is the leading cause of pharmacoresistance. By inhibiting the activity of these proteins with the drug Tariquidar, an effective treatment for refractory epilepsy may become a reality.
Digital India: A Platform for Sustainable Development of India
Authors: Rao L. Narasimha , Markendeyachari P.
Published: February 2021

Digital technology is rapidly expanding in India. With the help of this knowledge the citizens of India are being transformed into digital technology empowered citizens. And when it comes to digital technology services, the day is not far off when the digital gap between cities, towns and villages will narrow. Digital technology has given impetus to business and commercial activities. Education and medical services will be made available to the public. The desired information comes within seconds. Business activities are booming through these commerce activities. Digital technology services contribute to the economic growth of the country. Employment opportunities will increase. People's living standards will improve. The country is stepping into the knowledge community. The growth rate will increase as economic activity picks up. Everyone in the community vows to own their skills.
A Study of Data Storage for E –Learning in Cloud Computing
Authors: Raval Dr. Nikunj
Published: February 2021

Cloud computing provides on demand services to its clients. Data storage is among one of the primary services provided by cloud computing. Cloud service provider hosts the data of data owner on their server and user can access their data from these servers. As data, owners and servers are different identities, the paradigm of data storage brings up many security challenges. An independent mechanism is required to make sure that data is correctly hosted in to the cloud storage server. In this paper, we will discuss the different techniques that are used for secure data storage on cloud. PC based research facilities are an essential part of the e-learning condition. With the presentation of Cloud Computing innovations an ever increasing number of labs move into the cloud, known as virtual labs. While there are numerous advantages for utilizing virtual labs, there is likewise an expansion unpredictability in regards to the use of them. There are numerous cloud administration frameworks (Cloud MS) which include an additional layer of multifaceted nature to the e-taking in encounter both from the point of view of the educator and of the understudy. The reason for the investigation is to recognize approaches to enhance the learning procedure using distributed computing advances, while lessening the unpredictability related with these advances the principle center is about the asking for, creation, arrangement, observing and administration of virtual labs utilizing Cloud Computing. IBM Tivoli Service Automation Manager and VMware Hypervisor are utilized for building a private cloud.
Life’s Changing With E-Learning Education System
Authors: Umamaheswari Garika
Published: February 2021

The purpose of E-Learning education system is to automate the existing manual system by the help of computerized equipment’s and full ledged computer software, fulfilling their requirements’, so that their valuable data/information can be stored for a longer period with easy accessing and manipulation of the same. The required software and hardware are easily available and easy to work with. E-learning Education System, as described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and fast education system, as described above, can lead to error free, secure, reliable and fast education system. It can assist the user to concentrate on their other activities rather to concentrate on the record keeping. Thus it will help organization kin better utilization of resources. The organization can maintain computerized records without redundant entries. That means that one need not be distracted by information that is not relevant. While being able to reach the information.
Covid-19 and Its Impact on E-Administration, Employment and Migration in the Indian Economy, (In the Present Context)
Authors: M Bharath K , L S Arun Kumar
Published: February 2021

India is the second largest populated country in the world and largest market Economy for most of the developed countries in the world like MNC’s (Multi-National Companies) like automobiles, telephone and communication, educational services, start-up’s, call centres and global level entrepreneurs like to invest in India, due to huge demand for consumer goods and technological products India is one of the largest growing developing economy in the world after China in 2019, with an average GDP (Gross Domestic Product) of 7 percent from2015-2019, with huge FDI (Foreign Direct Investment), India is said to be the country with huge foreign returns in the world. But due to covid-19 has made most of the states in India are in standstill position due to lockdown situation, the income generating sources of the government is unable to generate income as most of the unorganised sectors like migrant workers, small wage labourers contribution to Indian economic growth and business is in standstill stage in the 40 days of Indian government lockdown, this is causing to increase in unemployment ratio in many sectors like educational services, real estate companies etc. only in some organised sectors there is processing of work through online (e-commerce) or in digital mode of transaction, but the unorganised sector workers and daily wage workers or migrants who travelled from far states are unable to earn for their lively wages. Indian government preference to health emergency and relief package of 20 Lakh crore Atmanirbhar Bharat Abhiyan is burden for Indian economic growth as the government is distributing from March 2020. This pandemic has made India`s GDP (Gross Domestic Product) growth rate prediction below 4%, according to the report of ADB (Asian Development Bank). IMF (International Monetary Fund) has predicted that Indian economy is expected to grow at -10.3 %, according to the source provided by “The Hindu”. There is a need for all the sectors in the economy for digital inclusion, India can try to improve by making all payments and receipts in unorganised sectors through Digital Mode. India can use this global pandemic situation by making India as one of the favourite investment destination for FDI, business and e-commerce in the globe. The purpose of this study is to analyse Covid-19 impact on Indian economy through migration, e-commerce, business and remedies to overcome the pandemic to the growth of National Income (GDP), by implementing various schemes like Make in India and self-reliant India by fiscal and monetary policies.
A Review on Role of Cyber Security in Data Science
Authors: Bhrugubanda Meenakshi , Prasuna A.V. L.
Published: February 2021

Cyber security alludes to an assemblage of advancements, procedures and practices intended to forestall an assault, harm or unapproved access to systems, gadgets, projects and information. It is likewise can be alluded to as Information security. Clients must comprehend and follow the essential standards of information security, for example, email connections watchfulness, solid passwords, and information reinforcement. Today is particularly testing to implement fruitful cyber security activities since a greater number of gadgets than individuals are available and more imaginative attackers. Data science is a subset of AI, and it alludes more to the covering regions of statistics, scientific methods, and data analysis—which are all used to remove significance and bits of knowledge from information. This paper analyses the role of Data science in Cyber Security.
Ensamble Learning: An Approach in Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Kadao Swapnali G. , Surve Rupali B.
Published: February 2021

Decades ago, in the field of machine learning and data mining, the development of methods of ensemble learning has received significant attention from science community. Machine integration techniques incorporate multiple learning acquisition skills, better performance of guesswork than you would find in any available learning skills alone. Combining multiple learning models is demonstrated in thought and experimentation providing better performance than single foundation students. In a book, mix learning algorithms form a dominant and high-level approach to high throughput performance, thus applied to real-world problems ranging from face to face emotional recognition through classification and medical diagnosis in financial forecasting.
Artificial Intelligence and its Application in Different Areas of Indian Economy
Authors: Mittal Unnati , Sharma Dr. Madhu
Published: February 2021

Artificial Intelligence is a type of program that think, mimic and act like human and do all the activities that a human can do . In the past decade, Artificial Intelligence has observed a great rise in many field. Artificial Intelligence has now become a very important tools which has changed the way we interact in front of others & in future it will change the way we live our lives. It also explore the current use of artificial intelligence. These days, Artificial Intelligence solves various complex problems in various field of our lives like medicines, data, weather forecasting, science, business, emergency. In the future, Artificial Intelligence will replace and upgrade human activities in many areas. This paper gives an overview of Artificial Intelligence and its application in different areas of our lives. This paper also explore the current use of Artificial Intelligence and its application in healthcare area.
Efectos de la calidad del forraje, fresco o henificado, sobre el comportamiento alimentario del canero (Ovis Aries)
Authors: Álvarez Díaz C , Ruiz Pierruges R
Published: February 2021

Con el objetivo de estudiar la influencia de la calidad y forma física del forraje voluminoso sobre el comportamiento alimentario del carnero, seis machos adultos Pelibuey, 40-45 Kg, en jaulas de metabolismo fueron alimentados una vez al día con cuatro dietas, forraje verde, heno largo bueno y malo troceadas y heno malo molido, todas de pasto estrella (Cynodon mlenfuensis) y agua ad-libitum. En un diseño cuadrado latino incompleto con análisis de varianza simple y dócima de Duncan, dos animales permanecieron como control, heno malo troceado y cuatro rotaron 7 días por cada dieta con registró mecanográfico mandibular circadiano continuo las últimas 48 horas. Los resultados muestran menor tiempo de ingestión, rumia y ciclos mericicos con mayor tiempo de reposo y consumo de MS y menor ingestión de agua en la dieta de forraje verde. El heno molido tiene poco efecto sobre los tiempos de ingestión, rumia y reposo pero incrementa el consumo de MS y agua para esta forma de conservación del forraje. La duración de las grandes comidas disminuye con la calidad del forraje. El forraje verde y el heno malo molido no afectan los períodos de reposo. La Duración Diaria de Ingestión y de Rumia disminuye en el forraje verde mientras la Duración Unitaria de Ingestión presenta diferencias entre los forrajes y la de Rumia es superior para el heno malo largo. El esfuerzo masticatorio es superior para el heno largo. El Índice de Fibrosidad Diario de Rumia es superior para el heno largo bueno. Se discuten los resultados.
Evaluación personal de las estrategias durante el proceso de la comprensión lectora. Esencia en la formación profesional
Authors: Manzano Mirtha , Hidalgo Eugenio , Morales Alina , Acosta Mabel
Published: February 2021

Las estrategias de lectura para el aprendizaje, durante la formación profesional son herramientas esenciales, ellas pueden transmitirse y entrenarse a través del proceso docente-educativo en las diferentes disciplinas y carreras en la educación superior. Por ello, hemos elaborado un cuestionario que analiza los procesos cognitivos y afectivos en relación con la comprensión lectora a diferentes niveles, donde se asumieron dimensiones tales como: Conocimiento previo y metacognición, nivel de traducción, nivel de interpretación y nivel de extrapolación. Se aplicó el juicio de expertos y el análisis factorial para confirmar su validez y  se estableció el Alpha de Cronbach para definir su fiabilidad; los resultados de los estadísticos corroboraron la bondad del cuestionario, lo que nos permitirá, evaluar, autoevaluar el uso de estrategias de lectura y sistematizarlas durante el proceso de enseñanza-aprendizaje.
A CONTRIBUIÇÃO JURÍDICA DA MARINHA DO BRASIL NO DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONOMICO, SOCIAL E PROTEÇÃO AMBIENTAL NA REGIÃO DOS MUNICÍPIOS DE CORUMBÁ E LADÁRIO-MS
Authors: JESUS JÚNIOR A. J.
Published: February 2021

Considerando a presença secular da Marinha do Brasil nos municípios de Corumbá e Ladário, objetiva-se levar ao conhecimento do meio acadêmico e sociedade civil, com vistas a evidenciar, de maneira geral, a importância da força naval na fronteira Oeste do país e de forma específica fortalecer a consciência marítima no consciente coletivo das populações das regiões apreciadas e demonstrar a contribuição econômica, social e proteção ambiental da marinha nas regiões de Corumbá e Ladário. Para tanto se procede à metodologia de pesquisa documental com ênfase em documentos públicos, administrativos e jurídicos. Desse modo, observa-se que ao serem analisados os dados pertinentes a orçamento, pagamento de pessoal, licitações, recolhimento de impostos e na proteção e fiscalização dos aspectos ambientais, permite-se concluir que juridicamente a marinha brasileira contribui de forma difusa e coletiva para o desenvolvimento econômico e social da região, irrigando recursos nos mais diversos segmentos, em projetos sociais relevantes e no apoio fiscalizador de atividades que possam trazer danos ambientais.
Endodontic Management of Mandibular First Premolar with Type IV Root Canal: A Case Report
Authors: Thanvi Charu , Jharwal Akansha , Sen Pooja , Sogani Shaleen
Published: February 2021

Thorough knowledge of the root canal morphology, appropriate assessment of the pulp chamber floor, and critical interpretation of radiographs are foundation for successful root canal therapy. Mandibular premolars have earned the reputation for having an aberrant anatomy, making them one of the most difficult teeth to manage endodontically. Therefore, clinician should be aware of the configuration of the pulp system as the incidence of having two roots in these teeth is quite rare. These two case reports present the clinical management of mandibular first premolar having two roots bifurcated at the mid-root level.

How to cite this article: Jharwal A, Raisingani D, Prasad AB, et al. Endodontic Management of Mandibular First Premolar with Type IV Root Canal: A Case Report. J Mahatma Gandhi Univ Med Sci Tech 2020;5(1):26–30.
‘Not a pop-up!’
Authors: Ferreri Mara
Published: February 2021

In recessional London, the celebration of pop-up art spaces plays an
important part in the official narrative of temporary use as countercultural,
secretive, transgressive and slightly illicit. This chapter mobilises
the standpoint of visual and performative arts practitioners to analyse
motivations and constraints in lawful and unlawful negotiations to access
vacant spaces and their position within wider geographies of urban
change. Through longitudinal case studies, it discusses tensions between
community-oriented and career-oriented temporary practices and how
these play out in relation to shifting cultural and urban policy. The selfreflexive
experiences of practitioners reveal a critique of the ‘pop-up’
logic and the role of entrepreneurial space activators in the cracks of the
creative city.