bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teacher management and support systems in Ghana: the case of cape coast municipality
Authors: Owolabi S. O. , Edzii A. A.
Published: December 2021

The need to give support services to teachers throughout their career is being recognised as the only way to maintaining an effective teaching profession. The study was designed to ascertain the extent to which teacher support services are provided by the Chana Education Service and how the services influence teacher morale and job performance. Using Cape Coast municipality as a case study all the 340 teachers in the nine secondary schools, their headmasters and directors of education in the municipality formed the accessible population. About 72% of the teachers responded to the questionnaire served on all of them. The headmasters and directors were separately interviewed. Frequencies of responses were aggregated and converted into percentages to know what obtains with respect to GES support services. The study revealed that i. Ghana Education Service scarcely organises ill service training for school teachers. Subject associations, however, do organise refresher courses, seminars and workshops for their members. II. Except for the inadequate laboratory equipment, supply of teaching materials in the Cape Coast municipality is sufficient. Ill. Internal supervision of the Senior Secondary School teachers in the rnunicipality is negligible. External supervision is scarcely done. IV. Six kinds of financial support exist in principle but most teachers are unaware of any of them. Majority of the respondents considered the highly priced National Best Teacher Award as being inadequate to effectively motivate most teachers. Iv. Irrlernal incentive puckages, organis'ed by each schctol onrl its PTA, are more effective than GES attractive packages. Based on these findings some policy measures are suggested to ensure that adequate teacher management and support services are provided to boost the morale of teachers.
Europar Batasunaren legegintza sistema
Authors: García Lupiola Asier
Published: December 2021

Gaur egun Europar Batasunean dagoen legegintza-sistema Lisboako Tratatuaren bidez zehaztu zen. Nahiz eta erakunde-egituran nobedadeak izan ziren, egia esan, legegintza-funtzioen banaketari dagokionez aurretik zegoen antolaketari eutsi egin zitzaion; hala ere, are garrantzitsuagoa bilakatu zen Europako Parlamentuaren rola. Horren arrazoi nagusia elkarrekin erabakitzeko prozeduraren orokortzea izan zen. Legegintza-prozedura arrunta izena hartu zuen horrek aukera ematen dio boto unibertsal bidez eta europarrek zuzenean aukeratutako erakundeari dagokion eginkizuna betetzeko; alegia, legegintza-boterea gauzatzeko, baina Kontseiluarekin partekatuta. Aldi berean, gainerako araudi-tresnetan Europako Parlamentuaren funtzioak areagotu ziren, hain zuzen ere legegintza-prozedura berezietan eta aurrekontu-prozeduran. Testu honek gaur egun Europar Batasunaren legegintza-sistema eratzen duten berezitasun horiek guztiak aztertzen ditu.
Impact of Government Welfare Schemes on Empowerment of Minority Women in Karnataka
Authors: Niyaz  , Kulal Abhinandan , Thauseef P. Mahammad , Jaleel Abdul
Published: December 2021

Purpose: Even though the government had taken many initiatives for the empowerment of minority women but the success of such initiatives is questionable. A strong tool for perfect empowerment requires financial independence and self-reliant, and this can be achieved only through financial support. With this intention, a present study was conducted to evaluate the impact of awareness and utilisation of various welfare schemes on the empowerment of minority women.
Design/Methodology/Approach: A study was conducted in Karnataka by taking 388 minority women as a sample unit. Simple random sampling techniques were used to select sample units and primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire. Hypotheses are developed to support the primary objective and tested with simple regression analysis.
Findings/Result: The study found that minority women have a very low level of awareness and utilisation of government welfare schemes which has adversely affected the overall development of minority women. This study suggested to take awareness programs for minority women in rural areas to achieve overall empowerment in India.
Paper Type: Analytical Paper
ASSESSMENT OF SERUM SCLEROSTIN LEVEL AS A BIOMARKER ASSOCIATED WITH BONE DISORDERS IN Β-THALASSEMIA PATIENTS IN AL- NAJAF CITY, IRAQ
Authors:   University of Kufa, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, SHARBA Intisar Razzaq , AL-DUJAILI Arshad Noori
Published: December 2021

Aim of the study: To assess serum sclerostin in female patients with beta-thalassemia and compare with the healthy controls and to predict its complication associated with the bone pathophysiology, for designed improvement the lifestyle goodliness for these patients. Material and methods: Sixty-nine female beta-thalassemia (βT) patients (54 βT major and 15 βT Intermedia), aged 8-40 years who dependent on transfused blood, and 20 healthy controls were evaluated serum sclerostin, and was examined the relationship with hematological parameters RBC, Hb, PCV, WBC, PLT, BMI, splenic status, iron, and ferritin levels. The information of beta-thalassemia patients was collected and recorded by the questioner. Results: A significantly increased serum sclerostin level (mean 26.80±0.91) pg/ml was shown in βT patients compared with the healthy controls (10.03±0.68, p < 0.001) pg/ml. Furthermore, a significant decrease (p<0.05) of the sclerostin level was observed in β-thalassemia major compared to intermedia β-thalassemia patients. Serum sclerostin level revealed a significant increase in progress age; it is highest in the age group (30-40) year as compared with age group (8-18) and (19-29) year respectively. Sclerostin showed no associations with the RBC, Hb, PCV, and significantly positively correlated (p<0.05) with serum iron, ferritin levels, WBC, and PLT count. Significantly higher sclerostin levels in splenectomized and underweight groups were observed compared to unsplenectomized and normal-weight groups (p<0.05) of βT patients. Conclusion: Sclerostin plays an important role in beta-thalassemia patients and can serve as a biomarker associated with the bone pathophysiology and indicator to prevent the continuation of such serious diseases caused by iron overload in these patients.
Pena legal x pena real
Authors: De Aguiar Araújo Rômulo , Maranhão Douglas Bonaldi
Published: December 2021

A compreensão do problema do sistema carcerário brasileiro depende da compreensão do estado de coisas inconstitucional que se vê instalado nele há anos. A ADPF n. 347 vem a discutindo o tema desde 2015 e com a Pandemia em função do Covid-19, a Recomendação n. 62/2020 do CNJ e ADPF 684, vieram para reforçar a necessidade da promoção da igualdade do preso e sua visibilidade social como forma de prover a ele o direito a uma pena realmente aplicada diretamente proporcional àquela prevista em lei e sentença, como forma de proteção de sua vida nestes tempos difíceis de doença generalizada.
limites na aplicação do direito pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal
Authors: Cardoso Ribeiro Bastos Juliana , Cristóvão Pessetti Alícia
Published: December 2021

As mudanças sofridas pela Constituição e sua realização desde o Pós-Segunda Guerra Mundial se refletem também no exercício das principais funções do Estado como é o caso do Poder Judiciário. A sua ascensão nos últimos tempos desperta atenção e a necessidade de analisar o seu impacto na realização constitucional a partir da curiosidade sobre os seus limites. Utilizando-se da judicialização da saúde, esse artigo tem como objetivo dar respostas para a relação entre o dever de concretização da Constituição e os limites existentes à atuação do Supremo Tribunal Federal a partir de uma análise teórica e jurisprudencial sobre o tema.
reconhecimento da identidade cultural indígena e a proteção dos direitos da personalidade
Authors: Fiaes Beatriz Caroline , Zenni Alessandro Severino Valler
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo aborda a relação entre os direitos da personalidade e a identidade pessoal, aspecto fundamental para a formação e caracterização da individualidade do ser humano, uma vez que determina sua definição ontológica e seu relacionamento com os demais, e, portanto, merece ser tutelado como uma das prerrogativas da personalidade, embora não expresso no rol constitucional e civil. A pesquisa é desenvolvida no sentido de demonstrar que a identidade e a cultura, principalmente no que se refere aos povos indígenas, é determinante para a manifestação da dignidade da pessoa humana, considerada doutrinariamente como cláusula geral dos direitos da personalidade. Diante disso, aborda-se o direito a ser diferente como uma extensão dos direitos fundamentais de igualdade e liberdade. Isto posto, mediante o emprego do método dedutivo e por intermédio do procedimento bibliográfico, é razoável inferir que é essencial ao poder público e aos particulares o reconhecimento e o respeito pela identificação, autonomia, e elementos culturais das comunidades indígenas.
Direito fundamental à saúde na sociedade da informação e da tecnologia
Authors: Hirata Anabela Cristina , Fachin Zulmar Antônio
Published: December 2021

Tema: O estudo aborda o direito à saúde na sociedade da informação e da tecnologia. Considera a o acesso à saúde como direito fundamental que pode ser usufruído de modo universal, sem excepcionar qualquer pessoa. Objetivo: Tem por objetivo compreender o sistema único de saúde, criado pela Constituição brasileira de 1988, e a utilização de tecnologias para incrementar a qualidade dos serviços médico-hospitalares, proporcionando, a todas as pessoas, condições básicas para usufruir o direito fundamental à saúde. Metodologia: Adota-se o método dedutivo, utilizando-se de livros e artigos científicos, bem como da legislação aplicável ao tema. Resultado: A pesquisa ponta para a necessidade de utilizar, cada vez mais, das modernas tecnologias na área da saúde.
Considerações sobre a cobrança do imposto sob a circulação de mercadorias e serviços em situações de regimes especiais de exportação no estado de Minas Gerais
Authors: Olimpio de Oliveira Daniela , Pereira Lacerda Alessandro Henrique
Published: December 2021

O presente artigo busca, a partir da comparação de jurisprudências administrativas e judiciais selecionadas, observar as diferentes versões dadas pela Fazenda Pública Estadual e o contribuinte quanto à possibilidade de cobrança do Imposto sob a Circulação de Mercadorias e Serviços nos casos de regime especial para exportação. No presente caso, o estudo será focado nos casos do Depósito Alfandegado Certificado e do Regime Aduaneiro Especial de Exportação e de Importação de Bens Destinados às Atividades de Pesquisa e de Lavra das Jazidas de Petróleo e de Gás Natural. Para tanto procurou-se adentrar a breves análises em matéria de direito material a respeito do imposto – sua competência, fatos geradores, previsão legal – com foco principalmente na imunidade sobre a exportação. Posteriormente foram analisadas de forma sucinta as imunidades genéricas e específicas para o imposto estudado, e faz-se em seguida uma análise dos regimes especiais de arrecadação, do Depósito Alfandegado Certificado, do Regime Aduaneiro Especial de Exportação e de Importação de Bens Destinados às Atividades de Pesquisa e de Lavra das Jazidas de Petróleo e de Gás Natural, da figura dos regimes diferenciados do imposto e, por fim, uma análise do conteúdo aferido com os votos dos relatores administrativos e do entendimento judicial.
O Enem como política de avaliação e as contradições ao processo de democratização educacional
Authors: Garcia Fabiane Maia , Caldas Rafaela Silva Marinho , Torres Gracimeire Castro
Published: December 2021

O artigo discute o Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio – ENEM enquanto política de avaliação no contexto da reforma do Estado, ocorrida a partir da década de 1990 e as contradições ao processo de democratização educacional. Parte dos fundamentos que originara a política de avaliação do Ensino Médio no Brasil, abordando sobre o termo exame que se apresenta controverso ao conceito de avaliação compreendida como meio para o alcance dos objetivos do processo educacional (ESTEBAN, 2009), ainda discute o caráter de seletividade, mesmo apresentando-se como uma política democrática. O aporte teórico incluiu autores que abordam a temática, privilegiando a produção da área da educação, destacando-se, Barriga (1994), Behring e Boschetti (2009), Canan (2016), Krawczyk (2011,2018), Saviani (2001, 2018), Peroni (2003), Silva e Melo (2018). É uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa e fonte bibliográfica com base na LDBEN 9394/96 (BRASIL, 1996) e portarias que instituíram o ENEM.  Os resultados apontam o Enem como uma política de avaliação instituída no contexto do Estado capitalista por ser um instrumento para o alcance de interesses neoliberais, pois entendida como parte do processo de descentralização e privatização em que o Estado deixa de ser responsável direto pela execução das demandas sociais e os  sujeitos envolvidos no processo educacional acabam sendo  responsabilizados pelo fracasso ou sucesso dos resultados, promovendo a competição entre instituições, além de intensificar o dualismo histórico existente no ensino médio, ou seja, o caráter de terminalidade para o mundo do trabalho e a educação preparatória para o prosseguimento dos estudos no nível superior.
Conflitos socioambientais na APA em Estância/SE
Authors: Oliveira Fagner Santos de , Carvalho Márcia Eliane Silva
Published: December 2021

As Unidades de Conservação têm sofrido com as ações antrópicas, as quais resultam de diversos interesses, principalmente econômicos. A Área de Proteção Ambiental (APA) Litoral Sul de Sergipe, engloba todo o litoral do município de Estância/SE, e ilustra essa realidade. O objetivo deste artigo consiste em classificar, mapear e analisar os Conflitos Socioambientais na APA do litoral de Estância. Para tanto, utilizou-se a metodologia de diagnóstico dos Conflitos Socioambientais, proposta pela categorização literário-analítica de Paul Little (2001), numa abordagem quali-quantitativa. Esta pesquisa serve como subsídio para a leitura dos Conflitos Socioambientais existentes na APA, tendo em vista a busca por ações eficazes em prol do uso sustentável de seus recursos naturais.
O GTP bertrandiano transladado para a realidade da Geografia brasileira
Authors: Passos Messias Modesto dos
Published: December 2021

O objetivo maior desse artigo é, a partir dos meus encontros com Georges Bertrand, mostrar possibilidades de se transladar o que este ilustre geógrafo realizou. Atribuímos a BERTRAND (1968) o mérito de - a partir de uma ruptura epistemológica da Geografia francesa -, passar da “descrição monográfica subjetiva” para o modelo teórico geossistêmico com ênfase para as relações sociedade-natureza. A proposta bertrandiana leva em conta três elementos: o sistema de evolução, o estágio atingido em relação ao clímax, o sentido geral da dinâmica (progressiva, regressiva, estabilidade). Esta tipologia se inspira, portanto, na teoria de bioresistasia de H. ERHART. As nossas conclusões estão explícitas na análise de dinâmicas paisagísticas em duas unidades de paisagem: uma na Calha do rio Amazonas e uma na Bacia Hidrográfica do ribeirão Sto. Antônio/Sudoeste do Estado de São Paulo.
Impactos econômicos, sociais e ambientais do PRONAF no Brasil: uma revisão sistemática da literatura
Authors: Souza Carina Chagas Madeira de , Rebello Fabrício Khoury , Santos Marcos Antônio Souza dos
Published: December 2021

O estudo analisa o quantitativo de publicações científicas relacionadas aos impactos do PRONAF na agricultura familiar no Brasil, de modo a identificar quais são as principais abordagens dentro desta temática e apontar eventuais lacunas de pesquisa. Para tal finalidade, foi realizada uma revisão sistemática da literatura no período de 2000 a 2020. A pesquisa catalogou 58 artigos e entre os principais resultados destacam-se o nível de abrangência do PRONAF, melhorias no setor produtivo e promoção do desenvolvimento regional. Já os maiores desafios encontram-se na elevada concentração dos recursos, processos burocráticos, participação pouco efetiva de grupos marginalizados, baixa qualidade da assistência técnica, comoditização da produção e a pouca ênfase dada às questões ambientais.
A cidade média de Santa Maria e a gestão do território na região Central-RS-Brasil
Authors: Silveira Rogério Leandro Lima da , Faccin Carolina Rezende , Krug Debora
Published: December 2021

Aborda-se a centralidade e a capacidade de gestão territorial da cidade média de Santa Maria em sua região de influência, utilizando como recorte a Região Funcional 8 de Planejamento, também conhecida como a Região Central do Estado Rio Grande do Sul. Revisa-se os conceitos de cidade média e gestão territorial e analisa-se os fluxos de gestão pública e de gestão empresarial, bem como seus reflexos na configuração e no funcionamento da rede urbana e dinâmica regional. Utiliza-se os dados secundários do Censo Demográfico (2000 e 2010) e os estudos REGIC (2007 e 2018) e Gestão do Território (2014) do IBGE referentes às formas que o Estado e o Mercado organizam o espaço regional. O conjunto de fluxos de gestão pública e empresarial, no território regional, tem contribuído para aprofundar a urbanização, complexificar as funções urbanas, ampliar a centralidade e o papel de comando da cidade de Santa Maria na região.
Diálogos em ambiente e sociedade: entrevista com o professor Lúcio José Sobral da Cunha (Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal)
Authors: Pinto Filho Jorge Luís de Oliveira
Published: December 2021

Este trabalho objetiva relatar uma entrevista do Professor Lúcio José Sobral da Cunha (Universidade de Coimbra) ao Professor Jorge Luís de Oliveira Pinto Filho (UFERSA) sobre a questão ambiental contemporânea e o papel da Universidade neste debate. Para isso, a entrevista foi realizada em Coimbra, Portugal durante um Estágio Pós Doutoral do Professor Jorge Pinto Filho sob orientação do Professor Lúcio Cunha. Inicialmente, abordou os seguintes aspectos: as relações ambiente e sociedade; a crise ambiental; os debates ambientais; as políticas ambientais e; as dimensões da gestão ambiental e, sua a operacionalização. Posteriormente, enalteceu os temas: as pesquisas multidisciplinares; a função da universidade no Século XXI e; as universidade emergentes e o desenvolvimento regional. Portanto, a entrevista permitiu evidenciar a questão ambiental contemporânea e o papel da Universidade neste debate.
Achieving sustainable coastal environment in Langkawi, Malaysia
Authors: Mokhtar Mazlin , Ahmed Minhaz Farid , Lee Khai Ern , Alam Lubna , Goh Choo Ta , Elfithri Rahmah , Tajam Jamil , Wong Anthony Kim Hooi
Published: December 2021

Despite many good policies and institutions, the coastal environment of Langkawi continues to deteriorate. This could be due to lack of effective governance as well as unregulated waste discharge. Evidences collected from the literature during 1996 to 2013 also revealed a significant increase in the concentrations of Zn (R2 = 0.78) and Pb (R2 = 0.12) in the sediment. This appears to be the result of large volume of terrestrial runoff that brings these metals originating from extensive anthropogenic activities. It is a vital indicator of coastal pollution. It is a matter of concern that in many cases Pb concentration in the sediment exceeded the world average value 20 Î¼g/g as well as Canadian Interim Sediment Quality Standard of 35 Î¼g/g for the coastal areas. Similarly, the metal pollution index (MPI) measured over a period of 2007 to 2009 in fish also indicated an increasing trend of pollution in Langkawi. The maximum MPI value (4.87) was recorded in Spanish mackerel. Since pollution of coastal environment has serious implications for marine biodiversity and health of seafood consumers, measures are required to address this problem. Use of constructed wetland might be effective in reducing the coastal pollution as this will filter the effluent and waste before their mixing with the coastal water. Furthermore, enabling the stakeholders to play the environmental stewardship role will ensure better governance of coastal ecosystem and effective implementation of policies, envisaging an improved monitoring of waste/effluent discharge into the coastal marine environment. These measures are among the actions necessary for achieving a sustainable coastal environment of Langkawi.
Effect of colored light regimes on the stress response and RNA/DNA ratio of juvenile red sea bream, Pagrus major
Authors: Kawamura Gunzo , Bagarinao Teodora Uy , Anraku Kazuhiko , Okamoto Masaru
Published: December 2021

We hypothesized that fish with red-sensitive retina would be stressed by red light and thus inhibited in somatic growth. Red sea bream (Pagrus major) juveniles (total length =3 cm) with red-sensitive retina were chosen to test this hypothesis. We examined the effect of different color lights (red with Î»max 605 nm; green with Î»max 540 nm; blue with Î»max at 435 nm; and white with full spectrum) on unfed juveniles in laboratory tanks. Stress level was measured by the plasma cortisol and glucose concentrations, and nutritional status by muscle RNA/DNA ratio. Under red light, plasma cortisol and glucose, and muscle RNA/DNA were significantly higher than under green, blue, or white light. Our hypothesis was partly supported by previous findings on the effects of the color environment and spectral sensitivity of reared fishes. However, the levels of cortisol, glucose, and RNA/DNA in this study were low compared to published values. It seems that hatchery-bred juvenile red sea bream have adapted to red-rich surface light and are able to cope with the stress of living in surface floating cages which is so different from their deep-water habitats.
Effect of different maturation diets on reproductive performance of the broodstock of purple mangrove crab, Scylla tranquebarica
Authors: Thien Fui Yin , Yong Annita Seok Kian
Published: December 2021

The present study was aimed at evaluating the reproductive performance of the broodstock of purple mangrove crab (Scylla tranquebarica) fed natural food and formulated diets supplemented with astaxanthin and/or DHA. Formulated diets were supplemented with 500 mg kg-1 of astaxanthin (FA), 10 g kg-1 of DHA (FD) and both astaxanthin and DHA (FA+D). Diet without astaxanthin and DHA (FCon) and natural food (NF) consisted of forage fish (Valamugil sp.), shrimp (Penaeid sp.) and mangrove clam (Polymesoda sp.) to serve as control. Female broodstock of initial body weight 129.07Â±17.03 g were stocked in HDPE tank and cultured under recirculating water system. Broodstock maturation was monitored until spawning. Reproductive performance of female and condition of the larvae were also evaluated. After 50 weeks, broodstock fed FA+D diet showed better maturation percentage, spawning rate, gonadosomatic index, oocytes diameter, molting, molt death syndrome and survival rate than FCon group (P0.05) to the FA+D group but diet FD resulted in better performance than FA. Broodstock fed FA+D diet had the highest hatching rate, number of larvae produced and significantly higher zoea II survival compared to FCon and NF groups (P
Simple quality control technique to identify dissolved oxygen diffusion issues with biochemical oxygen demand bottle incubations
Authors: Maxey Johnathan Daniel , Hartstein Neil David , Penjinus Dorathy , Kerroux Alan
Published: December 2021

Stratified estuaries are home to expanding aquaculture activities whose ecological footprints can be observed through trends in microbial community respiration in the water column. Bottle incubations are widely used to measure water column community respiration in marine and freshwater ecosystems by measuring the flux of dissolved oxygen occurring in the bottle over a period of time. When in situ dissolved oxygen (DO) concentrations are markedly different than DO concentration of the incubation medium the potential for diffusion of oxygen across the bottle opening is great and may be especially pronounced in strongly stratified systems with relatively low rates of pelagic oxygen consumption. We incubated 60 Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) bottles filled with sterilized water with DO concentrations ranging from 2.51 mg O2 L-1 to 10.03 mg O2 L-1 for 24 hours in a temperature controlled water bath. There was a significant relationship when DO flux was set as a function of initial DO (DO Flux = -0.0017x + 0.0085, r2 = 0.72, p < 2.2 e-16). DO fluxes ranged from -0.012 mg O2 L-1 hour-1 to 0.005 mg O2 L-1 hour-1 for bottles incubated with initial DO ranging from 10.03 mg O2 L-1 to 3.31 mg O2 L-1, respectively. These results suggest that diffusion across the ground glass seal of BOD bottles is possible and that extra precaution through parallel diffusion controls should be considered when measuring pelagic respiration using BOD bottle incubations in systems with relatively low or relatively high in situ DO concentrations.
Effect of anthropogenic activities on aquaculture in north India and consequences for fish health resulting from bioaccumulation of heavy metals and histological alterations
Authors: Swaleh Sadiya Binte , Banday Umarah Zahoor , Usmani Nazura
Published: December 2021

Investigations were carried out to assess the quality of fish Clarias gariepinus cultured at the pond in Northern India, Aligarh. The fishes are transported to fish market for multiple uses. It is indeed a matter of concern to detect Cu, Zn, Ni, Pb, Cr, Fe, Cd and Mg in both water and fish (C.gariepinus) tissues/organs (Gastrointestinal tract, Stomach, liver, Blood, Stomach content and Testes) cultured in the pond. Water and fish samples were collected from four different zones of the pond and analyzed for heavy metal accumulation. Thereafter alteration in fish tissue histology was also studied. Results obtained for water samples followed the order Ni (0.581Â±0.004MgL-1)>Pb (0.570Â±0.006 MgL-1)>Cd (0.110Â±0.001 MgL-1)>Cr (0.077Â±0.009 MgL-1)>Zn (0.075Â±0.003 MgL-1)>Mn (0.065Â±0.004 MgL-1)>Cu (0.054Â±0.007 MgL-1)>Fe (0.052Â±0.005 MgL-1). Maximum accumulation among tissues was observed in blood and lowest was observed in Integuments. Fe (1257.90 Mgkg-1.dw) concentration was recorded highest and Cd (6.68 Mgkg-1.dw) concentration was the lowest in all the tissues. Values for Bio-indices were as follows: Hepatosomatic Index (1.01), Gastro somatic Index (0.24) and Gonadosomatic Index (0.42).  Bioconcentration factor (BAF) was highest in Blood followed by stomach content, liver, testes, G.I.T., stomach and integument. Water and Fish tissues showed accumulation beyond the permissible limits given by WHO and the United States (US) guidelines. Histopathology was also noted in the form of Necrosis, Pyknosis and Vacuolization in the liver, Macrophage Infestation in the stomach, disappearing spermatocytes and tissue breakage in testes.
A preliminary study on the distribution of spiny lobster (Panulirus spp.) in Labuan Island, Malaysia
Authors: Ann Chen Cheng , Zakaria Siti Nor Fatihah
Published: December 2021

Limited info regarding on the global distribution and fisheries data on the spiny lobster Panulirus spp. had placed the IUCN redlist in a dilemmatic position in determining the concrete status for proper conservation. The present survey was carried out in the western region of the main island which consists of seven random stations along the west coast of Labuan during day dive. An extreme low density of the spiny lobsters from the genus Panulirus was determined throughout the present study. Only four individuals of two spiny lobsters species were recorded. Two individuals of P. versicolor were observed in station 2 while the other two (P. ornatus) were spotted in station 4. Low numbers of the Panulirus spp. were spotted during the present preliminary survey was probably due to day dive sampling. Spiny lobster from the genus Panulirus tend to have a wide range of depth preference. Two adults P. versicolor were spotted in least turbid environment. In the previous studies, Panulirus spp. such as P. homarus, P. ornatus, and P. polyphagus tend to prefer slightly turbid environment. The results of the present preliminary daytime survey indicated only two species of Panulirus spp. recorded with two individual numbers per species in Labuan coastal waters. However, due to the little numbers of catchment during the preliminary survey, further studies need to be carried out to provide more concrete evidences on the depth preference of Panulirus spp. in Malaysian waters.
Effect of exposure of African catfish (Clarias batrachus) to magnetic field on water properties and egg hatching
Authors: Hassan Sadam Mohamad , A. Rahman Ridzwan , H. Kamaruddin Rezuan , S. Madlul Najilaa
Published: December 2021

Magnetic water is produced when water is passed through a magnetic field with the purpose of modifying its structure. The changes in physical and chemical properties of magnetised water affect the biological properties of the organisms. The magnetic field can affect the growth of fish from the embryo to the adult stage. The present study evaluates the effects of magnetic field exposure on water properties and hatchability of the eggs of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Water was passed through magnetic devices of different intensities; namely: 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 Tesla. The dissolved oxygen (mgL-1) and pH levels were found to significantly (P â‰¤ 0.05) increase from 5.92 mgL-1 to 6.33 mgL-1, and from 8.03 to 8.19, respectively. Ammonium (NH4-N mgL-1) level declined significantly (P â‰¤ 0.05) (0.20 mgL-1 to 0.16 mgL-1). Salinity (ppt), conductivity (uscm-1), specific conductance (uscm-1) and total dissolved solids (mgL-1) also decreased after magnetization. Significant increase in the rate of hatching was attained in water exposed to a magnetic field of 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20 T. The study demonstrated the benefits of using magnetic devices that are simple, practical and cost-effective.
Visual field of the mud crab, Scylla tranquebarica and the whiteleg shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei
Authors: Kawamura Gunzo , Cheah Hue-Sin , Saito Hiroaki , Bin Yusof Mohd Yazreen Syahmie , Yong Annita Seok-Kian , Lim Leong-Seng
Published: December 2021

The previous behavioural studies on vision of decapod crustaceans were often based on the assumption that the visual field of the test animals was all around and there was little or no blind area above or to the rear of the animals. In the present study, we determined the visual field of the wild captured purple mud crab (Scylla tranquebarica) and the farmed whiteleg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) by eliminating the directions in which vision is anatomically blocked in all directions around the eyes. The mud crab had the visual field covering the entire visual world except for the ventral-most blind area. The whiteleg shrimp has the visual filed with a 66Ëš binocular field and can see all around but is morphologically blocked by the scaphocerite extended forward between the eyes. While the transparent scaphocerites transmit 80 % of light from 400 to 700 nm wavelengths, an object seen through the scaphocerites is faded due to the light refraction, indicating that the morphological blocking is not always negligible. The trait of these visual fields should be taken into consideration in the design of visual behaviour experiments.
First hatchery bred streaked spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus javus) in Sabah, Malaysia
Authors: Tan Jeremy
Published: December 2021

The present study aims to expand the market potential of the streaked spinefoot rabbitfish (Siganus javus) in Malaysia and provide consumers more choices of affordable protein source from aquaculture. Spawning hehavior of S.javus was recorded in a week after the new moon in October 2019 and January 2020. Spawning occurred between midnight and early morning, and the eggs hatched about 16 to 18 hours later. Throughout the incubation and larvae rearing period, water temperature was maintained at 30 to 31 °C. Water salinity, pH and DO were 31 to 33 ppt, 7.8 to 8, and 5 to 7 mg/l, respectively. Eggs diameter ranged from 0.550 to 0.603 mm. At 1 day after hatched (d AH), eyes of the larvae were formed but unpigmented and mouth structure was not developed. At 2 d AH, the pigmentation of eyes darkened, digestive tract formed, and anus and mouth opened. At 3 d AH, the lower jaw began to show movement, indicating that the ability of larvae to indulge in feeding. The buds of dorsal and ventral fins started to develop and elongate from 9 d AH and were covered with melanophores. At 25 d AH, the body of the larvae turned brownish and abdominal cavity was deeply pigmented, indicating the onset of metamorphosis. By the age of 30 d AH, the larvae completed development into juvenile stage. At 270 d AH, the juvenile reached maximum size of 21 cm in total length. This study was the first successful attempt at naturally spawning and hatchery rearing of S. javus into juvenile stage in the country. The development of a complete larval rearing protocol for S. javus could provide information of practical importance in hatchery breeding of other rabbitfish species.
Estimation of Partial Pressure of CO2 (pCO2) Around Mount Krakatau waters, Sunda Straits, Indonesia
Authors: Nurdjaman Susanna
Published: December 2021

The study aimed to develop the formula and validation the value of oceanic carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2sea) around Krakatau Waters in the Sunda Strait using parameters such as sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface salinity (SSS), and chlorophyll-a (Chl). Using observation data from different seasons (September 2017 and April 2018) The formulation of the empirical equation by using a multivariate polynomial regression method. The results of the study show that the empirical equation for estimating the pCO2 sea is as follows: : pCO2= -472.069+1044.043x log(SST) -435.897xlog(SSS) -5.03xlog (Chl).This formula can be applied for both seasons.  The results of the analysis of the T-student test and p-value showed a strong relationship between the SST parameters and pCO2 with a correlation of 0.91 then followed by salinity with a correlation of -0.82. Whereas chlorophyll-a holds a weak proportion with a correlation of 0.32. The increase in SST accelerates the solubility of CO2 from atmosphere to the sea thereby increasing CO2 sea concentration and increasing pCO2 sea. While the increase in salinity and chlorophyll-a only gives a weak effect
Characteristics of surface currents in Manado Bay, North Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Yohanlis Aulia Dyan , Putri Mutiara Rachmat
Published: December 2021

Manado Bay is a complex waterway located in Manado City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. It is an entry point for the Indonesia Trough-Flow, and its circulation is affected by the seasonal winds. Manado City has no debris net on its river estuaries. Therefore, marine debris can easily be carried away by the ocean currents and accumulate in the tourism areas located along the coast of Manado Bay. Consequently, it is important to study the sea surface current circulation in Manado Bay to deal with marine debris accumulation. In the present study, we utilized the DELFT3D software to simulate the hydrodynamic circulation in Manado Bay from 2016-2017. We conducted a 2-dimension (2D) horizontal hydrodynamic simulation using tidal and wind forcing from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather (ECMWF). The simulation results indicate that the change in bathymetry and wind affect the sea surface currents. During the summer monsoon (June-August), the sea surface current flows from the northeast to the southwest with an average speed of 1.1 cm s-1. On the contrary, during the transitional monsoon 1 (September-November), the sea surface current flows from the southeast to the northwest with an average speed of 1.3 cm s-1. Meanwhile, in the winter monsoon (December-February), the sea surface current originated from the southwest flows to the east with an average velocity of 1.9 cm s-1. Then, it moves from west to east during transitional monsoon 2 (March-May) with an average speed of 1.5 cm s-1. The current speed increases whenthe water enters the strait between the Bunaken Islands due to refraction, diffraction, and shallowing effect. As current flows toward the shallower area, the current speed increases, compensating the water column reduction.
Generic Wrapper Based Model using Haralick Features for Silk Fabric Defect Classification
Authors:   NMIMS University Computer Engineering Department, MPSTME, Mumbai-56., Loonkar Ms. Shweta , S. Mishra Dhirendra ,   NMIMS University Computer Engineering Department, MPSTME, Mumbai-56., S. Durbha Surya ,   IIT, Mumbai CSRE, IIT Bombay Powai-76.
Published: December 2021

Quality control unit of fabric industry looks for the effective defect detection methodology. The research is required to be done in this area to develop such solution. Various models based on combination of suitable feature extraction, selection and classification approaches need to be experimented out for the same. This paper attempts to experiment and provide such models mainly based on generic wrapper based selection approaches. Widely used broader range of Haralick features are prominently used for detection and classification of defects in this research. It also attempts to identify the suitability of these features based on segmented images provided as an input. The research has been carried on TILDA Dataset consisting of 800 Silk Fabric Images with eight different defects present on it and each carrying 100 images per defect. Models generated using generic wrapper based approach has also been compared with the Gabor Transforms. Then identification of suitable Haralick Features for particular type of defects has been carried out. In this 68% classification accuracy has been achieved using generic wrapper method and 40 % accuracy has been achieved using Gabor Transform with respect to fourteen Haralick Features and seven types of defects.
Hybrid Feature Based Classifier Performance Evaluation of Monophonic and Polyphonic Indian Classical Instruments Recognition
Authors:   Dept. of E&TC Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India., V. Chitre Abhijit , J. Raut Ketan ,   Dept. of E&TC Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India., Jadhav Tushar ,   Dept. of E&TC Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India., Deshmukh Minal S. ,   Dept. of E&TC Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India., Wanjale Kirti ,   Dept. of Computer Engineering, Vishwakarma Institute of Information Technology, Pune, India.
Published: December 2021

Instrument recognition in computer music is an important research area that deals with sound modelling. Musical sounds comprises of five prominent constituents which are Pitch, timber, loudness, duration, and spatialization. The tonal sound is function of all these components playing critical role in deciding quality. The first four parameters can be modified, but timbre remains a challenge [6]. Then, inevitably, timbre became the focus of this piece. It is a sound quality that distinguishes one musical instrument from another, regardless of pitch or volume, and it is critical. Monophonic and polyphonic recordings of musical instruments can be identified using this method. To evaluate the proposed approach, three Indian instruments were experimented to generate training data set. Flutes, harmoniums, and sitars are among the instruments used. Indian musical instruments classify sounds using statistical and spectral parameters. The hybrid features from different domains extracting important characteristics from musical sounds are extracted. An Indian Musical Instrument SVM and GMM classifier demonstrate their ability to classify accurately. Using monophonic sounds, SVM and Polyphonic produce an average accuracy of 89.88% and 91.10%, respectively. According to the results of the experiments, GMM outperforms SVM in monophonic recordings by a factor of 96.33 and polyphonic recordings by a factor of 93.33.
The Dynamics between External Public Debt and Foreign Exchange Reserve of Ethiopia Economy: 1981 to 2019
Authors:   Department of Economics, Arba Minch University, PhD Scholar, Ethiopia., Menza Solomon Kebede , Getachew Zerihun ,   World Bank, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia., Kuma Berhanu ,   Department of Agricultural Economics, Wolaita Sodo University, Ethiopia., Abebe Tora ,   Department of Economics, Arba Minch University, Ethiopia.
Published: December 2021

This paper empirically examined the short-run and long-run dynamics among external public debt and foreign exchange reserve of Ethiopia. The two variables are playing a pivotal role in the growth and development of nations economy. To achieve the objective the study took 39 years data from the year 1981 to 2019 from National bank of Ethiopia and World Bank data sets. The study used descriptive analysis and empirical methods of analysis. The Autoregressive Distributed Lag model with error correction models were employed after checking the possible assumptions of our economic series. The results of ADF test statistics confirms our economic series are stationary at level and first difference forms. Bounds co-integration test suggests one co-integrating relationship between the variables taking foreign exchange reserve as the outcome variable. According to the descriptive method of analysis, on average, in Ethiopia the trend for service sector indicated that an ever improvement of the sector throughout the periods and supplementing the notion of change from agriculture base to service sector. In addition, the trade tariff rate of Ethiopian economy is indicating a downward movement and this in turn justifies the relative openness of the economy to the globe. In the same manner the financial development indicator of the nation is rising, which assures relative improvement in the financial sector. On the other hand, according to the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model in the short -run average trade tariff rate, share of manufacturing sector from the GDP, and lagged value of EPD itself predicts the external public debt significant at least at less than 10 percent level of significance. Moreover, the error correction model revealed that in the long-run, financial development indicator, debt service payment, and average trade tariff rate were predicting the stock of foreign exchange reserve for Ethiopian economy. The result also indicates that in the short-run, only the share of agriculture and service sectors are significantly predicting the variations of the stock of foreign exchange reserve, ceteris paribus. Finally, the concerned body specially the government of Ethiopia should limit or reduce the amount of external debt inflows that has an adverse effect on debt service payment, and recheck the budget sources for financing different projects especially manufacturing industries rather than highly basing on external sources in the form of external public debt . More importantly, the government should enhance the value of export potential, among others.
Extreme Value Charts & Analysis of Means Based on the New Weighted Exponential Distribution
Authors:   Faculty of Statistics, Department of Basic Science & Humanities, Dhankeula Institute of Engineering & Technology., Arepalli Anil , Rao B. Srinivasa ,   Faculty of Statistics, Department of Mathematics & Humanities, R.V.R & J.C College of Engineering.
Published: December 2021

It is assumed that the probabilistic model of the quality characteristics follows the new weighted exponential distribution. Control charts based on each subgroup’s extreme values are established. The constants in the control chart are determined by the probability distribution of the extreme value order statistics of the sub-group and the sub-group size. The proposed chart is thus referred to as an extreme values chart. A biased overall mean analysis method (ANOM for truncated population) is used for the new weighted exponential distribution. Examples based on real time data are used to explain the findings.
JAMINAN HUKUM TERHADAP WAJIB PAJAK DALAM PENYELESAIAN SENGKETA PAJAK
Authors: Liberthin Palullungan  , Ririn Thomas
Published: December 2021

In the life of the state, where there is a relationship between humans and humans, there are always rules that bind it, namely the law. Law regulates human rights and obligations. The purpose of this study is to find out what factors can hinder the process of resolving tax disputes. This research uses type. This study uses a type of normative juridical research sourced from primary and secondary materials, which were analyzed qualitatively by descriptively describing the results of the existing data. The results of this study indicate that the factors that hinder the process of resolving tax disputes are factors in the administration sector, namely the existence of the first obligation of the Taxpayer to pay 50% (fifty percent) of the total tax payable. Then in the field of justice, namely regarding the obligation of judges to present the appellate party or defendant in examination at trial.
SERTÃO - Fronteira do Medo. Socorro Ferraz e Bartira Ferraz Barbosa, Ed. da UFPE, 2015, Recife, p. 283 ISBN 978-85-415-0716-5
Authors: Pessis Anne-Marie
Published: December 2021

Esta obra é o resultado de pesquisas históricas e arqueológicas a partir de fontes primárias e projetos realizados pelas autoras em décadas passadas. Entre eles, o Projeto Itaparica de Salvamento Arqueológico e Histórico, UFPE-CHESF, na década de 1980, o Projeto Opara, UFPE-CHESF, a partir de 2010 e o Projeto de Integração do Rio São Francisco com as bacias hidrográficas do Nordeste do Brasil iniciado em 2012.
An investigation into the efficacy of a first rib manipulation in individuals experiencing mechanical neck pain : a pilot study
Authors:   , Douglas Bruce Sholto
Published: December 2021

Mechanical neck pain is defined as a restriction of movement of the neck, which frequently refers pain to the occiput, shoulders, nuchal muscles, interscapular region and anterior chest wall, and is usually due to a history of trauma or awkward posture of the cervical spine
The relative effectiveness of specific passive mobilization versus spinal manipulation in the treatment of mechanical low back pain
Authors:   , Myburgh Cornelius
Published: December 2021

The absence oftested theory has resulted in the continued variation of treatment protocols in the treatment of mechanical low back pain. This study was designed to determine the relative effectiveness of specific passive mobilization versus spinal manipulation in the treatment of uncomplicated mechanical low back pain. It was hypothesized that both spinal manipulative therapy and specific passive mobilization would be effective, but that manipulation would be significantly more effective in terms of objective and subjective findings, over the same two week treatment period
Study into the treatment of active myofascial trigger points using interferential current as an alternative to dry needling agitation
Authors:   , Christie Kevin Rodney
Published: December 2021

The aim of this study was to determine whether the use of Interferential Current provided a non-invasive alternative to Dry Needling Agitation in the treatment of Myofascial Pain and Dysfunction Syndrome. A randomised Experimental Method of Single- Variable design was undertaken using the before-and-after-withcontrol design.
The homoeopathic treatment of seasonal allergic rhinitis
Authors:   , Poolman Emmerentia Christina
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of simillimum and allergen treatment to patients allergic to mixed grass pollens in terms of patients' responses to RAST and patients' percept ion of the effectiveness of treatment in order to identify key issues calling for the selection of the most effective method of treatment.
The efficacy of homoepathic simillimum treatment in patients with hypercholestrolaemia in terms of the major cholestrol lipoproteins in the the blood
Authors:   , Storey Robert
Published: December 2021

The purpose of this study was to investigate the efficacy of homoeopathic simillimum treatment in patients with hypercholesterolaemia in terms of the major cholesterol lipoprotein fractions in blood. The desired outcome was to be a lowering of the total cholesterol (Te) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) levels as well as an increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) level.