bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
QTL analysis and fine mapping of a major QTL conferring kernel size in maize (Zea mays)
Authors: Wang Guiying , Zhao Yanming , Zhu Zhen , Zhang Xinyuan , Jiang Minghua , Cheng Mingzhu , Su Chengfu
Published: April 2020

Background：Kernel size are important agronomic traits for grain yield in maize. The objective of this study is to map QTLs for kernel size, fine map a stable QTL qKL-2 and predict candidate genes for kernel length in maize. A total 199 F2:3 lines were obtained from selfing F2 individuals from the cross SG5/SG7. In this study, a high density genetic linkage map with 3305 bin-markers spanning a total length of 2236.66 cM on 10 chromosomes was applied for primary QTL mapping. Composite interval mapping (CIM) method was used for detecting QTLs in three environments of F2 and F2:3 populations. Results：The result showed that a total ten QTLs for kernel size were detected, among which five QTLs for kernel length (KL) and five QTLs for kernel width (KW). Two stable QTLs qKW-1 and qKL-2 were mapped in all three environments. In order to validate and fine map qKL-2 , near isogenic lines (NILs) were developed by continuous backcross between SG5 as the donor parent and SG7 as the recurrent parent. Marker assisted selection was conducted from BC2F1 generation with molecular markers near qKL-2. Secondary linkage map with six markers around the objective region was developed for fine mapping qKL-2. Finally, qKL-2 was mapped in a 1.95Mb physical interval on maize chromosome 9 by blasting with Zea_Mays_B73 v4 genome. The results were confirmed with selected overlapping recombinant chromosomes. A total 11 out of 40 protein coding genes in the identified interval differentially expressed after conducting transcriptomic analysis between the two parents. GRMZM2G006080, which encodes receptor-like protein kinase FERONIA was predicted as candidate gene to control kernel size. Conclusions：A total ten QTLs for kernel size were identified. Two stable QTLs qKL-2 and qKW-2 were mapped in three envionments. Major QTL qKL-2 for KL was validated and fine mapped in a 1.95Mb physical interval. GRMZM2G006080 was predicted as candidate gene for qKL-2 to control kernel length. The work will not only help to understand the mechanisms that control kernel size of maize, but also provide new gene for marker-assisted selection in further studies.
Procyanidinere therapy of pulmonary fibrosis induced by CdSe nanorods with pulmonary instillation
Authors: Zhou Qixing , Yue Zongkai , Li Qingzhao , Zhou Ruiren , Liu Lu
Published: April 2020

Background: The CdSe nanorod as a one-dimensional nanostructure has an excellent performance in photoelectric conversion, biological labeling and environmental protection. Thus, it is crucial to investigate its potential adverse health effects at an early stage. Methods: Sprague-Dawley (SD) male rats were exposed to 15 mg/kg CdSe and 200 mg/kg procyanidine (OPC) for 30, 60 and 90 days. Lung tissues were collected on days 30, 60 and 90. Oxidation damages, histopathological analysis, transmission electron microscopy and hydroxyproline level were measured. Results: The lung tissue would be the main target organ after CdSe nanorods entering into biological bodies. Pulmonary instillation of CdSe nanorods could decrease vitality of T-SOD and T-AOC in lung tissues of a rat, increase MDA and hydroxyproline levels and lipid peroxidation products, induce mitochondrial cristae broken and vacuolization, cause inflammatory responses, and finally induce pulmonary fibrosis. The oral administration of procyanidinere could significantly increase the content of antioxidant enzymes, scavenge free radicals, reduce the lipid peroxidation and have protective effects on CdSe nanorods-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Conclusions: CdSe nanorods could induce an extensive inflammatory response, elevate ROS, induce pulmonary fibrosis and reveal time accumulation appearance. OPC has a protective effect on lung injury induced by CdSe nanorods, which might be related to anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
Seasonal Dynamics and Starvation Impact on the Gut Microbiome of Urochordate Ascidian Halocynthia roretzi
Authors: Wei Jiankai , Gao Hongwei , Yang Yang , Liu Haiming , Yu Haiyan , Chen Zigui , Dong Bo
Published: April 2020

BackgroundGut microbiota plays important roles in host animal physiology, homeostasis, metabolism, and environmental adaptation while the interplay between the gut microbiome and urochordate ascidian, the most closet relative of vertebrate, remains less explored. In this study, we characterized the gut microbial communities of urochordate ascidian (Halocynthia roretzi) across the changes of season and starvation stress using a comprehensive set of omic approaches including 16S rRNA, metagenomic, metabiotic, and transcriptome sequencing.ResultsThe 16S rRNA amplicon profiling revealed that ascidians harbor indigenous gut microbiota distinctly different to the marine microbial community and significant variations in composition and abundance of gut bacteria, with predominant bacterial orders representing each season. Depressed alpha-diversities of gut microbiota were observed across starvation stress when compared with the communities in aquafarm condition. Synechococcales involving photosynthesis and its related biosynthesis was reduced in abundance while the enrichments of Xanthomonadales and Legionellales may facilitate bile acid biosynthesis in starvation stress condition. Meanwhile, the metabolomics analysis found that the long chain fatty acids, linolenic acid, cyanoamino acid, and pigments derived from gut bacteria were upregulated, suggesting a beneficial contribution of the gut microbiome to ascidian under starvation stress.ConclusionsOur results revealed the seasonal variation of ascidian gut microbiota. Furthermore, we found that the defense and energy-associated metabolites derived from gut microbiome were responded to the starvation stress. The data provide insights into understanding the adaptive interplay between the gut microbiome and ascidian host that maintains a beneficial metabolic system across season and starvation stress. The diversity-generating metabolisms from both microbiota and host might lead to the co-evolution and environmental adaptation.
Walking Speed is the Sole Determinant of mild Cognitive Impairment in Japanese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Machii Noritaka , Kudo Akihiro , Saito Haruka , Tanabe Hayato , Iwasaki Mariko , Hirai Hiroyuki , Masuzaki Hiroaki , Shimabukuro Michio
Published: April 2020

Background To elucidate the clinical characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and to examine whether diagnosis of sarcopenia and/or its criterion are explanatory factors for MCI Methods Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were categorized into the MCI group for MoCA-J (the Japanese version of the Montreal cognitive assessment) score <26, and into the non-MCI group for MoCA-J ≥26. Sarcopenia was defined by a low skeletal mass index along with low muscle strength (handgrip strength) or low physical performance (walking speed <1.0 m/s). Univariate and multivariate-adjusted odds ratio models were used to determine the independent contributors for MoCA-J <26. Results Among 438 participants, 221 (50.5%) and 217 (49.5%) comprised the non-MCI and MCI groups, respectively. In the MCI group, age (61 ± 12 vs. 71 ± 10 years, p < 0.01) and duration of diabetes (14 ± 9 vs. 17 ± 9 years, p < 0.01) were higher than those in the non-MCI group. Patients in the MCI group exhibited lower hand grip strength, walking speed, and skeletal mass index, but higher prevalence of sarcopenia. Only walking speed (rather than muscle loss or muscle weakness) was found to be an independent determinant of MCI after adjusting for multiple factors, such as age, gender, BMI, duration of diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, drinking, eGFR, HbA1c, and history of coronary heart diseases and stroke. In subgroup analysis, a group consisting of male patients aged ≥65 years, with BMI <25, showed a significant OR for walking speed. Conclusions This is the first study to show that slow walking speed is a determinant for the presence of MCI in patients with type 2 diabetes. It was suggested that walking speed is an important factor in the prediction and prevention of MCI development in patients with diabetes mellitus.
Reduplication of Indonesian Song
Authors: Lase Apriliana , Lase Sudirman
Published: April 2020

This study investigated the reduplication of Indonesian words in phonology is a phoneme that forms a change in meaning with the addition of an affix in Indonesian song. The method of analyzing it is in the form with instrumental melody examined with vocables melodic, reduplication and stress and musical rhythm. Repetition of words with different tune does not affect the kind of stress in the syllable of Indonesian lyrics. Music rhythms and melodies do not change even though the sounds of the G and D melodies always alternate are also the same in each song words.
Estimation of Socioeconomic Attributes from Location Information
Authors: Doi Shohei , Mizuno Takayuki , Fujiwara Naoya
Published: April 2020

Timely estimation of the distribution of socioeconomic attributes and their movement is crucial for academic as well as administrative and marketing purposes. During the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, for example, it has been revealed that collecting information on where elderly people, who are most vulnerable to the virus, are and how the young, who are susceptible to transmitting it, move is valuable to find routes and potential clusters of infection. In this study, assuming personal attributes affect human behavior and movement, we predict these attributes from location information. First, we predict the socioeconomic characteristics of individuals by supervised learning methods, i.e., logistic Lasso regression, Gaussian Naive Bayes, random forest, XGBoost, LightGBM, and support vector machine, using survey data we collected of personal attributes and frequency of visits to specific facilities, to test our conjecture. We find that gender, a crucial attribute, is as highly predictable from locations as from other sources such as social networking services, as done by existing studies. Second, we apply the model trained with the survey data to actual GPS log data to check the performance of our approach in a real-world setting. Though our approach does not perform as well as for the survey data, the results suggest that we can infer gender from a GPS log.
Investment potential forecast and strategies for its expansion: case of Ukraine
Authors: Kasianenko Volodymyr , Kasianenko Tetiana , Kasaeva Juliya
Published: April 2020

In the current conditions of capital market liberalization, developing countries achieve a faster economic growth rate by actively attracting various types of foreign investment. The steady rise in the volume of foreign investment into the country could be achieved only due to its high investment potential.Therefore, this study aims to develop the methodology for determining the dynamic changes in the country’s investment potential, and its relevant medium-term indicators identify the degree of informational technology influence on Ukraine’s investment potential. It is essential to define the position of Ukraine in the global context in terms of the level of information technologies as the catalyst for investment attractiveness.The relevant indicators defining Ukraine’s investment potential were forecasted using the Brown-Meyer exponential smoothing model. To calculate the integral indicator of the investment potential, the Hurst exponent was applied. Kohonen self-organizing maps were used to group the countries according to their informational technology parameters.Ukraine’s investment potential was found to decrease since 2019 and is equal to 0.6493 units in 2020 and 0.6407 units in 2021 due to the decline of the indicators describing the human capital, infrastructure, technological development, and socio-economic conditions. Technology has a significant influence on Ukraine’s investment potential. Its impact is rising each year from 1.70% to 5.17% and 13.04% between 2019 and 2021, respectively. According to the level of technology, Ukraine is in the group with Spain, Romania, and Poland since 2017.The decreasing investment potential forecast and the positive influence of technology level on it bring the opportunity to form the priority areas for expansion of investment potential based on the adaptation of world instruments to implement the investment policy within national economic conditions.
Building ethical leadership through training and development approach at a higher education institution in South Africa
Authors: Bhana Anrusha , Suknunan Sachin
Published: April 2020

The research has shown that many leaders lack ethical practice, but training and development geared towards ethical leadership can serve to bridge this gap in theory and practice. This paper focuses primarily on the key aspect of training and development to promote more ethical leadership within a higher education institution setting. The data were drawn from a mixed-method study adopting both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Simple random sampling constituted a sample of 312 academic and administrative staff members at the institution. The purposeful sampling for the qualitative component was a realized sample of 3 executive management leadership and 9 line management leadership participants, indicating a total response rate of 67%. The results for executive management leadership reflect poor leadership style from the employees’ perspective in relation to respect and fairness, transparency, behavior, and other ethical leadership-related items (of M = 2.74, SD = 0.033). In addition, there was a clear need for leadership to attend ongoing training courses (M = 4.20, SD = 0.904). From the qualitative perspective, more than 50% of the leadership respondents indicated no appropriate university leadership programmes or ethical leadership programs. Therefore, the investment in training and development can promote more ethical leadership style, which in turn can have a positive impact on employees (M = 4.43, SD = 0.740). In light of this, the results provide a strong inclination towards more training and development programs to ensure that leaders develop ethical considerations in their role as leaders.
Altıncı Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Matematik Öğrenme Yaklaşımları ve Algıladıkları Öğretmen Yapıcı Duygusal Desteği ile Matematik Başarıları Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Kaya Deniz
Published: April 2020

Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, altıncı sınıf öğrencilerinin matematik öğrenme yaklaşımları, algılanan öğretmen yapıcı duygusal destek ve matematik başarıları arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemektir. Araştırmaya 416 altıncı sınıf öğrencisi katılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılan öğrencilerin %54.3’ü (n=226) kız, %45.7’si (n=190) erkektir. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak, Algılanan Öğretmen Yapıcı Duygusal Destek ile Matematik Öğrenme Yaklaşımları ölçekleri kullanılmıştır. Öğrencilerin matematik başarılarını belirlemek için dönem sonu matematik not ortalamaları kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde, Pearson momentler çarpımı korelâsyon katsayısı ve çoklu doğrusal regresyon kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgulara göre, öğrencilerin matematik başarıları ile derinlemesine öğrenme yaklaşımı, yüzeysel öğrenme yaklaşımı, stratejik öğrenme yaklaşımı ve algılanan öğretmen yapıcı duygusal destek arasında anlamlı ilişkiler tespit edilmiştir. Çoklu regresyon analiz sonuçlarına göre, matematik öğrenme yaklaşımları ile algılanan öğretmen yapıcı duygusal destek matematik başarısındaki varyansın %26’sını açıklamıştır. Aynı zamanda algılanan öğretmen duygusal destek ile öğrenme yaklaşımları matematik başarısının anlamlı yordayıcıları olmuştur. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında birtakım önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Exploring the Multifunctional Neuroprotective Promise of Rasagiline Derivatives for Multi-Dysfunctional Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Uddin Md. Sahab , Kabir Md. Tanvir , Rahman Md. Habibur , Alim Md. Abdul , Rahman Md. Motiar , Khatkar Anurag , Al Mamun Abdullah , Rauf Abdur , Mathew Bijo , Ashraf Ghulam Md.
Published: April 2020

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic, age-related, and irreversible brain disorder that typically develops
slowly and gets worse over time. The potent auspicious drug candidate for the treatment of AD is supposed to
perform the simultaneous modulation of several targets linked to AD. The new therapeutic approach involves
drug candidates that are designed to act on multiple targets and have various pharmacological properties. This
trend has triggered the development of various multimodal drugs including TV-3326 (i.e. ladostigil) and M-30
(i.e. a new multitarget iron chelator). TV-3326 combines the neurorestorative/neuroprotective effects of the cholinesterase
(ChE) inhibitory activity of rivastigmine with rasagiline (a selective monoamine oxidase-B inhibitor
and novel antiparkinsonian agent) in a single molecule. M-30, the second derivative of rasagiline, was developed
by combining the propargyl moiety of rasagiline into the skeleton of VK-28 (i.e. a novel brain permeable neuroprotective
iron chelator). It has been revealed that both the compounds possess anti-AD effects and therefore, the
clinical development is directed to the treatment of this type of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs). In this article,
we have reviewed the neuroprotective molecular mechanisms and multimodal effects of TV-3326 and M-30.
Vitamin D and N-Acetyl Cysteine Supplementation in Treatment-Resistant Depressive Disorder Patients: A General Review
Authors: di Michele Flavia , Talamo Alessandra , Niolu Cinzia , Siracusano Alberto
Published: April 2020

:

Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is often a lifetime disabling mental illness as individuals with
MDD might not benefit from standard-therapy, including both pharmacological and psychosocial interventions.
Novel therapies are, therefore, required.

:

It was shown by recent preclinical and clinical studies that the dysfunction of glutamatergic neurotransmission
might be involved in the pathophysiology of MDD. Furthermore, neuroimmune alterations could have a significant
role in the pathogenesis of MDD.

:

Vitamin D is a neurosteroid hormone essential for several metabolic processes, immune responses, and for regulating
neurotrophic-neuroprotective processes, neurotransmission and synaptic plasticity. Recent studies have also
shown Vitamin D deficiency in patients with severe psychiatric disorders, including MDD.

:

Lately, clinical studies have shown the neuroprotective action of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) through the modulation
of inflammatory pathways and via the modulation of synaptic release of glutamate in cortico-subcortical
brain regions; the cysteine-glutamate antiporter.

:

This paper reviews the therapeutic use of Vitamin D and NAC and among individuals with refractory MDD to the
first- line pharmacological interventions, reviewing the clinical studies published in the last decade.

:

A detailed summary of the current evidence in this area aims to better inform psychiatrists and general practitioners
on the potential benefits of Vitamin D and NAC supplementation for this disorder.

:

Nutraceutical supplementation with Vitamin D and NAC in treatment-resistant MDD patients may be important
not only for improving depressive clinical manifestations but also for their safety and tolerability profile. This is
of great interest, especially considering the need for treating special populations affected by MDD, such as
youngsters and elders. Finally, the nutraceutical approach represents a good choice, considering its better compliance
by the patients compared to traditional psychopharmacological treatment.
Lichens in Genus Parmelia: An Overview and their Application
Authors: Gandhi Arumugam D. , Sathiyaraj Sivaji , Suriyakala Gunasekaran , Saranya Sivakumar , Baskaran Tirumalpur N. , Ravindran Balasubramani , Babujanarthanam Ranganathan
Published: April 2020

Parmelia that belongs to the Parmeliaceae Family is a foliose lichen combined with one or
two groups of fungi in Phylum Ascomycota or Basidiomycota and algae, which might be green algae
or blue-green algae (cyanobacteria). It is generally called “Stone Flower,” “Charila,” “Pattharphool,”
or “Shilaaapushpa” in India. Lichen can be generally found growing on walls, old trees and spread
largely across India, especially in the mountain area. It is a source of edible organisms for people residing
in some regions of Nepal and it is also cultivated in hillsides of Kashmir. It has been found that lichen
contains a lot of distinctive chemical compounds such as evernic acid, lecanoric acid, lobaric acid,
norstictic acid, physodic acid, and salazinic acid. Some species of this lichen are recommended traditionally
for controlling diseases such as boils, bronchitis, inflammations, excessive salivation, toothache,
vomiting, etc. It has also applied as an indicator for biomonitoring, astringent, carminative, demulcent,
bitter, resolvent, emollient, laxative, sporofic, sedative, diuretic and considered for treating
sores, bronchitis, excessive salivation, vomiting, tooth-ache, boils and inflammations. It has been utilized
for preparing traditional food and acts as a bioindicator for air pollution and radiation. It shows
antibacterial, antioxidant, antimycobacterial and antifungal activities, including haemolytic, anaesthetic,
spasmolytic and antispasmodic and antitumour activities. It also has several unique phytoconstituents
that could be in charge of different therapeutic activities, but the majority of them are still unexplored.
The review mainly focuses on various facets, such as common names, synonyms, traditional
uses, botanical descriptions, and pharmacological activities of seven species of Parmelia.
Innovative Solutions for the Extraction of Vitamins from Pharmaceutical and Biological Samples
Authors: D’Orazio Giovanni , Gentili Alessandra , Fanali Salvatore , Fanali Chiara , Dal Bosco Chiara
Published: April 2020

Background:

The extraction of vitamins from complex matrices, such as pharmaceutical
and biological samples, is a demanding task. Progress in material science is revolutionizing sample
preparation, leading to the development of more efficient, sensitive, and selective analytical methods.
In particular, the evolution of solid-phase extraction towards miniaturized techniques is closely related
to the introduction of nanomaterials as new sorbents. Microextraction techniques, both solid-based
and liquid-based, allow for the reduction of solvent and sample volumes, as well as the sample processing
times. In many cases, these procedures are also environmentally friendly. Moreover, the substitution
of traditional organic solvents with the neoteric ones is another current trend in analytical
chemistry.

Aims:

The aim of this review is to introduce readers to the innovative solutions available for the
extraction of vitamins from matrices of different complexity.

Methods:

Research papers in the literature of the last five years are reviewed, providing a critical
description of the most original and interesting sample preparation approaches devoted to vitamin
extraction.

Results:

Among the last five years of literature concerning the analysis of vitamins in the clinical and
pharmaceutical sectors, only 40% of works applied some innovative or green approaches to sample
preparation. However, a general trend is the reduction of solvent volumes and sample processing
times.

Conclusion:

The great potential of microextraction techniques based on nanomaterials and neoteric
solvents has not been fully exploited yet in the clinical and pharmaceutical fields. Considering the
high cost of carbon-based nanomaterials, it can be expected that in the near future, liquid microextraction
techniques based on neoteric solvents will be more effective for sample preparation. Thanks
to their low cost, environmental compatibility, simplicity, speediness and high enrichment factor,
these extractive techniques are particularly significant for vitamin analysis.
Anatomy, Physiology and Pathophysiology of Haemorrhoids
Authors: Pata Francesco , Sgró Alessandro , Ferrara Francesco , Vigorita Vincenzo , Gallo Gaetano , Pellino Gianluca
Published: April 2020

Background:

Haemorrhoidal Disease (HD) is a frequent anal disorder and one of the
most common findings identified at the colorectal clinic. This article aims to provide an overview
of the anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of haemorrhoids and haemorrhoidal disease.

Introduction:

Internal haemorrhoids are vascular cushions located in the anal canal, above the dentate
line and covered by columnar epithelium. They contribute to the faecal continence and the sensitivity
of the anal canal. The enlargement and/or sliding of haemorrhoidal tissue produce symptoms
and complications, the so-called haemorrhoidal disease.

Methods:

A systematic research was realized, looking at the best evidence in literature, searching
PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and the most renowed textbooks of colorectal surgery from January
1980 to January 2020.

Results:

Aetiology and pathophysiology of HD are still controversial, but multifactorial. Disruption
of stromal scaffolding, enlargement of vascular component, elevated anal pressure and rectal redundancy
represent key events in the development and complications of the disease. Local inflammation
may also play a role. Goligher’s classification remains the most widely used. Thorough patient
history and examination are paramount to diagnose HD, excluding other anal or colonic pathologies.

Conclusion:

Several aspects of etiopathogenesis and pathophysiology remain controversial. Further
studies are needed to obtain a better understanding of the disease.
Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Pain Management: The Latest News
Authors: Chierici Andrea , Frontali Alice
Published: April 2020

:

Anal post-operative pain is one of the principal issues of surgical treatment of hemorrhoids
and remains a distressing problem, for patients and physicians.

:

Recent studies have concluded that appropriate postoperative pain management leads to higher patient
satisfaction, earlier mobilization, fewer drug complications, eliminated adverse events, faster
recovery, and decreased health care cost.

:

However, despite advances in pain medicine, postoperative pain control remains problematic and
remains an important unresolved issue that causes expense and patient dissatisfaction. Therefore,
this situation calls for multi-modal pain management, choosing medication, dosing regimens and
route of administration in an individualized way to optimize efficacy and minimize adverse effects.

:

Multiple approaches, including pharmacological and surgical interventions, have been used to manage
pain after hemorrhoidal surgery.

:

Our aim was to check the latest instruments and strategies available in literature designed to find
practical solutions to this challenging problem.
Regulation of Stem Cell-Based Research in India in Comparison with the US, EU and other Asian Countries: Current Issues and Future Perspectives
Authors: Jose Jobin , George Teena , Thomas Aaron M.
Published: April 2020

Stem cell therapy is applicable for repair and replacement of damaged cells and tissues. Apart from transplanting cells to the body, the stem cell therapy directs them to grow new and healthy tissues. Stem cells in the area of regenerative medicines hold tremendous promise that may help to regenerate the damaged tissues and heal various diseases like multiple sclerosis, heart diseases, Parkinson’s disease, and so on. To prove the safety, efficacy, and for the requirement of a licence for manufacturing and sale, all the stem cell therapies should pass the required criteria and undergo certain examinations of the regulatory agencies. The regulatory authorities review the manufacturing procedures of products to assure its purity and potency. This review summarizes the comparative critical evaluations of existing regulations and developments on the stem cells research in India, USA, EU and Asian regions and also discusses the challenges that have to be overcome and the important points that should be understood to position India as a source of the perspective nation in stem cells around the world.
Multiplex RT-PCR Assay for Crinivirus Detection Using RNA Prepared from Three Extraction Methods on Tomato Plant
Authors: Ningrum Esti Prasetya , Hartono Sedyo , Sulandari Sri , Somowiyarjo Susamto
Published: April 2020

Tomato infectious chlorosis virus (TICV) and Tomato chlorosis virus (ToCV) are members of the Crinivirus genus that induces yellowing symptoms in tomato plants. Detection of both viruses is generally carried out singly, thus it is necessary to develop a fast, accurate and efficient detection method to detect multiple viruses simultaneously in an effort to determine the suitable disease management strategies. This study was aimed to detect both viruses using the multiplex RT-PCR method and evaluate three methods of total RNA preparation used from tomato plants as RT-PCR templates. The methods evaluated were simple direct tube (SDT), simple dsRNA, and commercial kit (RNeasy Plant Mini Kit) as a comparison. The total source of RNA came from Crinivirus symptomatic tomato leaves from Kopeng, and Ketep (Central Java); Pakem (Yogyakarta); Malang (East Java); and Bogor (West Java). Single RT-PCR and multiplex RT-PCR using specific primers CPd I/CPd II and ToCV CF/ToCV CR with DNA band targets of 760 bp and 360 bp. The SDT and dsRNA methods have been successful in obtaining total RNA and viral RNA from tomato leaf samples. Total RNA RT-PCR with simple SDT and dsRNA methods followed by multiplex RT-PCR produces specific DNA band intensities that are comparable to Kit. RNA preparation with SDT and simple dsRNA methods is a simple, fast, easy and affordable method in providing templates for RT-PCR. Multiplex RT-PCR technique using two pairs of specific primers CPd I/CPd II and ToCV CF/ToCV CR is suitable for simultaneous testing of TICV and ToCV.
Population of Spodoptera exigua Hübner during On- and Off-Season of Shallot in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta
Authors: Ujiyani Fitri , Trisyono Y. Andi , Witjaksono Witjaksono , Suputa Suputa
Published: April 2020

Beet armyworm (Spodoptera exigua Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is known to be a polyphagous insect that infests many crops such as welsh onion, maize, tobacco, cotton, and others. In Indonesia, this species is a major pest of shallot. The study was aimed to monitor the population of beet armyworm in the shallot plantation in Bantul Regency, Yogyakarta. The monitoring was conducted using pheromone traps containing Z-9-tetra decanol 10 µg/rubber unit and Z-9-tetradecadienyl 90 µg/rubber unit. The pheromone was placed in the fields to trap males during on- and off-shallot plant season. The sites for placing the pheromone traps were selected in the farms where shallot was planted once and twice per year. The selected sites were with shallot and non-shallot in their surrounding areas. The result showed that males emerged both on- and off-shallot planting seasons in most of the areas. The average number of trapped males during the shallot season was < 5 males/trap/week. The number increased and reached the peak (7.33 males/trap/week) in June until July which was the off-shallot season. The population reduced to < 2 males/trap/week at the end of second shallot planting season until end of the year where the fields were mostly planted with rice. These findings indicate that the beet armyworm presents all year around with or without shallot in the fields. It suggests that management of this insect should be done not only during the shallot season but also the remaining seasons to obtain more effectiveness.
Molecular Characterization of Begomovirus on Cucumber in Java
Authors: Listihani Listihani , Damayanti Tri Asmira , Hidayat Sri Hendrastuti , Wiyono Suryo
Published: April 2020

A survey on several cucumber cultivation areas in West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, and East Java found many plants showing typical Begomovirus symptoms such as yellow mosaic, cupping, and vein banding. This study was aimed to determine disease frequency, detection and molecular characterization of the causal virus of those symptoms on cucumber in Java. Sampling was conducted by purposive sampling by collecting 50 symptomatic plants from each location in West Java (Indramayu, Subang, and Bogor), Central Java (Brebes and Klaten), Yogyakarta (Kulon Progo), and East Java (Nganjuk, Kediri, and Tulungagung). The detection and disease frequency was determined based on DIBA test using a specific antiserum of Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) and Squash leaf curl virus (SLCV). The identification of nucleic acid was conducted by PCR using specific primer of ToLCNDV and SLCV, DNA cloning, and sequencing. The results of serological detection showed the disease frequency of ToLCNDV and SLCV ranged from 92.77-100% and 78.33-93.3%, respectively. PCR using specific primer of ToLCNDV successfully amplified the coat protein gene at a size of 600 bp from all samples. Homology nucleotide and amino acid sequences among ToLCNDV Java isolate ranging from 95.6-99.2% and 99.7-100%. ToLCNDV isolates Java had highest nucleotide and amino acid sequences similarity with cucumber isolate from Klaten, Indonesia (AB613825) ranging from 96.1-98.1% and 99.7-100%, and was considered as “Indonesia” strain. SLCV not amplified on all samples by PCR using specific primer, indicating it might not present yet on cucumber in Java.
Three Experimental Phases of Cornstarch-Based Biodegradable Plastic
Authors: D. Reyes Joseph , M. Tungol Janelle , P. Musngi Patrick , S. Magarro Angelyn , F. Guevarra Kate , S. Santos Joan
Published: April 2020

Three Experimental Phases of Cornstarch-Based Biodegradable Plastic is the focus of this current study whose purpose was to create a bio-plastic from eco-friendly materials as a platform for an alternative commercial plastic. This study used a pre-experimental research design where three bio-plastic experiments were monitored to identify which among them was likely to produce the most efficient bio-plastic. At the end of the study, it was concluded that in terms of elasticity, tear resistance, appearance, texture, and odor, Experimental Two with four tablespoons of cornstarch, one cup of water, two tablespoons of vinegar, and two tablespoons of glycerin, is the most reliable among the three experiments. Hence, this study recommends to the biologists and scientists that may use this study to help them find ways to lessen biological problems caused by non-biodegradable plastics; to the producers that the study may help them to create and manufacture bio-plastics and to improve the study using other materials for the product to last longer indoors; to the consumers that the study may let them know the reliability and liability of the plastic they use in their everyday life; and to the future researchers who will want to conduct a further study about bio-plastics, this study may serve as a related study and think of an intervention to improve the results from the problem.
Robust Confidence Intervals for the Population Mean Alternatives to the Student-t Confidence Interval
Authors: Abu-Shawiesh Moustafa Omar Ahmed , Saghir Aamid
Published: April 2020

In this paper, three robust confidence intervals are proposed as alternatives to the Student t confidence interval. The performance of these intervals was compared through a simulation study shows that Qn-t confidence interval performs the best and it is as good as Student’s t confidence interval. Real-life data was used for illustration and performing a comparison that support the findings obtained from the simulation study.
Notas sobre as histórias da democratização do ensino da Arte
Authors: Barbosa Ana Mae
Published: April 2020

Trata-se de uma experiência de ensino de Arte em acampamento do Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra (MST) no Nordeste do Brasil com a colaboração da Escolinha de Arte Newton Navarro nos anos 90. Por outro lado, também se dará notícia do Curso de Formação de Professores da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, que preparava os professores de ensino Fundamental para o MST em diálogo com os líderes do Movimento para determinação do currículo. Foi um curso de contornos teóricos Pós-Modernos e chegava a conferir créditos a ida ao Teatro ou a uma exposição de Artes Visuais.
Investigation of Thermal Characteristic Surface Morphology Mechanical Properties and Tribological Properties of Polyamide 11 Powder Coating
Authors: MURATHAN Ömer Faruk , KEVRAN Selim
Published: April 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mechanical and chemical characteristics of polyamide coating by dipping in a fluidized bed system. For polyamide coating application steel test specimens were used. Test specimens, which were sprayed with primer, were cured in an oven and then coated by dipping in fluidized bed. To investigate the mechanical properties abrasion resistance, scratch, salt spray and hot oil resistance tests were performed. Furthermore to investigate the thermal characteristics of coating DSC and TGA analyses were carried out. Molecular structure of polymer coating and primer were analysed by FTIR spectroscopy. Experimental results showed that primer consists nearly 50% percentage of water, coating surface was smoother than concerning investigations in literature. Scratch resistance of coating was above 40N. Up to 1.5kg load there was no crack on coating during falling weight test. Despite using an additional load of 1kg to abrasion wheels during 5000 cycles of test polyamide coating showed fine abrasion performance. On the coation surface, there were no coating failure or deterioration failure was observed after salt spray and hot oil tests. In summary, polyamide powder coatings applied by dipping in a fluidized bed can be used in harsh corrosive environments and also this coating is suitable for mechanic parts where the mechanical strength is necessary.
The An-Nahdliyah and The Yanbu'a Method in Learning to Read the Qur'an in the Vocational High School: Comparative Study
Authors: Suminto Suminto , Arinatussadiyah Arinatussadiyah
Published: April 2020

This research is motivated because there are still very few people who can read the Al-Qur'an with the correct recitation. Efforts must be made to conduct Al-Qur'an learning in educational institutions, both formal and informal. This paper aims to describe the implementation and implications of learning to read the Koran with an-nahdliyah and yanbu'a methods. This research uses a qualitative approach. Data analysis techniques used single case analysis and cross-case analysis. Research results: (1) The implementation of Al-Qur'an reading and writing learning with an-nahdliyah method in Nahdlatul 'Ulama Vocational High School (SMK-NU) and yanbu'a method in Islamic Vocational High School (SMKI) Al-Azhaar Tulungagung which aims so that students can read the Qur'an in accordance with the science of recitation with implementation: opening prayer, classical, private, evaluation, motivation, and closing prayer. (2) Learning material at SMK-NU: volume books (volumes 1-6), Al-Qur'an, and the book "Provisions for Prospective Leaders. While the material in the ISMS: beginner Juz, Juz 1-7, Al-Qur'an, and rote learning. (3) Implications of learning with an-nahdliyah method and yanbu’a methods include. In essence, students can read the Qur'an by the knowledge of recitation and can write the letters of the Qur'an correctly and adequately.Penelitian ini dilatarbelakangi karena masih sedikitnya masyarakat yang dapat membaca Al-Qur’an dengan tajwid yang benar. Upaya yang harus dilakukan mengadakan pembelajaran Al-Qur’an di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan, baik formal maupun non formal. Naskah ini bertujuan mendeskripsikan implementasi dan implikasi pembelajaran baca tulis alqur'an dengan metode an-nahdliyah dan yanbu'a. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif. Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis kasus tunggal dan analisis lintas kasus. Hasil penelitian: (1) Pelaksanaan pembelajaran baca tulis Al-Qur’an dengan metode an-nahdliyah di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Nahdlatul 'Ulama (SMK-NU) dan metode yanbu’a di Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan Islam (SMKI) Al-Azhaar Tulungagung yang bertujuan agar peserta didik dapat membaca Al-Qur’an sesuai dengan ilmu tajwid dengan implementasi: do’a pembuka, klasikal, privat, evaluasi, motivasi, dan do’a penutup. (2) Materi pembelajarannya di SMK-NU: buku jilid (jilid 1-6), Al-Qur’an, dan buku “Bekal Calon Pemimpin. Sedangkan materi di SMKI: Juz pemula, Juz 1-7, Al-Qur’an, dan materi hafalan. (3) Implikasi dari pembelajaran dengan metode an-nahdliyah dan metode yanbu’a antara lain: peserta didik dapat membaca Al-Qur’an sesuai dengan ilmu tajwid dan dapat menulis huruf Al-Qur’an dengan baik dan benar.
The determinants of functional capacity in left ventricular assist device patients: many actors with not well defined roles
Authors: Lilliu Marzia , Onorati Francesco , Luciani Giovanni Battista , Faggian Giuseppe
Published: April 2020

Improvement in hemodynamic parameters is routinely demonstrated in patients implanted with continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs). However, functional capacity assessed by cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET), following LVAD implantation, remains considerably restricted. In this review, we analyzed the current knowledge on the causes of the persistent limitation in exercise capacity in CF-LVAD patients. Limitation to exercise is multifactorial and involves: LVAD factors (fixed CF-LVAD pump speed), native cardiac factors (residual function of native left ventricle, right ventricular dysfunction, aortic valve abnormalities), comorbidities (abnormal skeletal muscle metabolism, low skeletal muscle mass, anemia), patient's characteristics (age, physical deconditioning). In addition, we emphasize the role of some potential therapeutic strategies like the increase in CF-LVAD pump speed according to the patient's activity, the echo-optimization of the device (paying attention to right ventricular function and aortic valve opening), the implementation of physical rehabilitation and the treatment of potentially reversible extracardiac factors (anemia, muscle deconditioning, obesity).
Empowering Voices of Students with Learning Difficulties – Implementing Self-Regulated Learning Strategies in a Special School through Participatory Action Research
Authors: Pui Winnie Sin Wai
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on how self-regulated learning strategies can provide opportunities for students with learning difficulties to express their ideas and reflect on their learning progress. A qualitative, multiple-method research design was used for this participatory action research in a special school in Hong Kong. Data were collected for an academic year in a Form 5 (Year 12 in the UK) class setting. The ‘C. Ind. Le Coding Scheme’ from Whitebread et al. (2009) was used in the data analysis, providing an indicator of verbal and non-verbal self-regulation. My study indicates that the teachers’ guidance and feedback could foster the students’ expressive capability. The students actively shared their ideas, and appreciated everyone’s uniqueness in their school learning. This paper offers examples of how to implement self-regulated learning strategies at subject teaching (teacher-level) and learning (student-level), this promotes and supports the voices of students with learning difficulties in a special educational context.
Conceptualising Teachers’ Knowledge when Crossing National Boundaries
Authors: Underwood James , Truong Thanh
Published: April 2020

The objective of this paper was to examine the meaning and function of “teachers knowledge”, both as a foundational tool used by teachers as professionals and the ways in which such knowledge is acquired, shared, and bettered. To help guide this discussion, the paper reviews the literature on related topics whilst also providing other insights and recommendations for further research. The topics have been broken down into two main parts: conceptualising teachers’ professional knowledge; and the sharing of knowledge internationally. The second of these examines the history of the topic whilst also critiquing the methods and effectiveness of sharing strategies. We find that the ways professional knowledge have been defined in public discourse are often inappropriate for the specific context of teaching. Furthermore, we find that sharing experience and knowledge between teachers is a foundational concept yet not always a straightforward matter and knowledge/experience can be a very difficult thing to transfer between one another. These obstacles can be exacerbated when it comes to the sharing of knowledge internationally, as economic disparities between participating nations can be vast and differences in culture challenging to overcome. Some nations additionally struggle in their authenticity to learn from each other. Ultimately, it is clear that “teacher knowledge” is a concept that is an area in need of further research, particularly as education reforms and curriculum adjustments are of great concern to both developing nations and their wealthier counterparts.
A Study on the ‘Compatiblity Assumption’ of Contemporary Multiplicative Plasicity Models
Authors: Ladislav Écsi , Róbert Jerábek , Pavel Élesztős
Published: April 2020

Contemporary multiplicative plasticity models are now generally accepted as “proper material models” for modelling plastic behaviour of deformable bodies within the framework of finite-strain elastoplasticity. The models are based on the assumptions that the intermediate configuration of the body is stress-free or locally unstressed, for which no plastic deformation exists that meets the conditions of compatibility. The assumption; however, has never really been questioned nor justified, but was rather taken as an axiom and therefore considered to be generally true. In this study, we take a critical look at the assumption from both, physical and mathematical points of view, in order to investigate whether contemporary multiplicative plasticity models are indeed continuum based and if there are alternatives to them.
Evaluation of Performance Indicator of Railway Bridges Using Updated Finite Element Model
Authors: Milan Sokol , Monika Márföldi , Michal Venglár , Katarína Lamperová
Published: April 2020

Structural health monitoring (SHM) can provide information needed to make important decisions regarding the maintenance of bridge structures. However, the data collected from monitoring needs to be first translated into actionable, quantitative or qualitative based characteristics, that indicate the condition of a bridge. This paper presents a process of evaluation of such performance indicator in case of a steel railway bridge using the updated FE model and in-situ measurements of strains on selected stringers and floorbeams.
Loading and Unloading Curve of Foam Material Based on Compression Test
Authors: Bělík Radomír , Fusek Martin
Published: April 2020

This paper is deals with compression testing for the purpose of identify loading and unloading curves of polyurethane foam materials. Obtained testing results of foam are used for a mathematical description of the material behaviour. The mathematical description is applied to a finite-element analysis for the purpose of simulation and comparison with the actual compression test.
Numerical Simulation of Heat Treatment Process of Aluminium Profiles
Authors: Gebauer Marek , Brzobohatý Tomáš , Blejchař Tomáš , Karásek Tomáš
Published: April 2020

The paper deals with the simulation of cooling processes of the aluminium profiles inside the water quench. Cooling of profile surfaces is performed by water spray, which is created by mixing a water and an air in a nozzles. Formulas were found in literature, modified and applied to a given problem that significantly simplified a solution. The task of numerical simulations was to determine temperature and velocity profile on aluminium profile surfaces for establishing of the heat transfer coefficient which was used as the convective boundary condition necessary to solve the heat transfer in the aluminium profile by finite element method. The difference between FEM and CFD results is up to 10%.