bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FORMAL PRINCIPLES GOVERNING GLOBAL CRIMINAL PROCEEDINGS IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND IRAN
Authors: MAHDI YOUSEFALIZADEH et al.
Published: June 2023

An important factor in enlarging a fair trial between the criminal nations, is to be represented as an onlooker on a high scale of criminal jurisdiction in the face of the present. This harmony, and the world's effects, will contain the discovery of crimes that are wanted, of grave investigation and critical hearing, like the state of organized crime and terrorism, which produce different and more important sides of criminal trials at every day. So, leaning on the criminal procedure of the Establishment Court, including the civil council of the European Union, it is possible to end the long list of the three zealot, of course, the verbatim of the Supreme Court, and the highly esteemed article 1 of the Postpone of the Convention. To be a world of independence in the judiciary of 1392 society, to be represented in the judiciary of 1392, and to have the judiciary of arms by all other instances is the effect of a criminal hearing of the age of 67 European court and of the law of Maude, of the 1392, of heads of heads of law, and of the law of judiciary, of which the law is subject to the universal law of justice. This research has been treated with a descriptive manner, and the analysis of data will be found in the form of content, or, as we see it, ' a universal result of having a sweeping and religious influence in the case of a fair trial to all over the world, and of having to accept universal laws or not.
ELDERLY ABUSE IN INDIA AND USA: COMPARATIVE STUDY
Authors: ARTI SHARMA, J. K. MITTAL
Published: June 2023

According to estimates, there are over 5.5 million reports of elder abuse in the United States each year, making it a significant social and public health problem. Due to inconsistent methods and identification guidelines, as well as a lack of public awareness of the issue, it is challenging to identify and treat elders who have been abused. For the assessment and care of elderly people who have been mistreated, an interdisciplinary approach in cooperation with Adult Protective Services investigation is essential. Through social media, local news, and community education, healthcare practitioners, other professionals, and the general public can be more aware of this frequently ignored issue. Generally, persons who have attained the age of 65 or older are considered “elderly.” Aging is influenced by genetics, lifestyle, and overall health, although it differs for each individual. Indian law allows “elderly people” over 60 who cannot take care of themselves to receive social security benefits. In the modern world, it has been observed or reported that many elderly people are mistreated by their family members. This paper will explore the nuances of Elderly abuse in India and the USA.
THE INFLUENCE OF SPECIFIC APPROACH, SENSITIVE APPROACH, AND COMMUNITY HEALTH BEHAVIORS ON THE IMPLEMENTATION OF STUNTING MANAGEMENT POLICY IN BOALEMO GORONTALO PROVINCE
Authors: ROBERT PAUWENI et al.
Published: June 2023

This research aims to analyze (1) the influence of specific approach on the implementation of stunting management policy in Boalemo, (2) the influence of sensitive approach on the implementation of stunting management policy in Boalemo, and (3) the influence of community health behaviors on the implementation of stunting policy in Boalemo. The method was a survey using a quantitative approach with path analysis. Data were collected through questionnaire distribution. The research conclusions were (1) Specific approach influenced stunting policy implementation in Boalemo by 82.7%, (2) Sensitive approach influenced stunting policy implementation in Boalemo by 82.3%, and (3) Community health behaviors influenced stunting policy implementation in Boalemo by 71.9%. That was, the higher the specific approach, sensitive approach, and community health behaviors, the higher the public policy implementation.
OBJECTIVE IMPEDIMENT AFFECTING FORCED EXECUTION WITHIN THE SCOPE OF IRAQI LAW
Authors: WASEEM JABBAR IBRAHIM AL-SHAMMARY
Published: June 2023

The legally issued executive bonds fulfill all their conditions set by the law, and are subject to execution through the execution directorates. The executive procedures may encounter some impediment that affect the normal course of the execution procedures, some of which lead to stopping or delaying the execution. The impediment that the executive procedures may encounter are what represent impediment that the law explicitly requires to delay implementation if they are available. Among these symptoms is what is suspended for execution by giving the competent court to hear the case the power to suspend this suspension or not.
PERFORMANCE OF CONTRACTS UPON THE FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE OF CIRCUMSTANCES IN VIETNAM’S CIVIL CODE 2015
Authors: DUONG QUYNH HOA
Published: June 2023

While the performance of contracts upon the fundamental change of circumstances is not a new matter in the laws of developed countries, it is newly regulated in the 2015 Civil Code of Vietnam. Only now, Vietnam has had guiding documents from competent state agencies on this matter, so the application in practice is still inconsistent, especially in determining the fundamental change of circumstances. Therefore, on the basis of clarifying the concept, legal status, and practical application problems, the article will also make some recommendations for the contracting parties and the court in handling the matter of performance of contracts upon the fundamental change of circumstances.
LEGAL POLITICS ON FLY ASH BOTTOM ASH WASTE CONVERSION INTO NON-B3 WASTE AFTER LAW NUMBER 11 OF 2020 CONCERNING JOB CREATION IN INDONESIA
Authors: DIAN ESTI PRATIWI et al.
Published: June 2023

Regarding the implementation of environmental protection and management, notably with regard to non-B3 trash, PP No. 22 of 2021 makes significant changes. Under appendix XIV of PP No. 22 for the year 2022, mining waste in the form of fly ash and bottom ash (FABA) is no longer categorised as hazardous and toxic waste (B3). Although it is recorded with the waste codes N106 for fly ash and N107 for bottom ash, it is still categorised as non-B3 waste. In this case, the government has loosened the regulations by removing coal ash from the B3 waste list rather than strengthening control and levying fines on the management of coal ash from power plants, which would lower the risk of exposure. Many impacts result from the conversion of FABA waste to non-B3 trash. Before PP No. 22 of 2021, FABA was classified as B3 trash, which had stricter waste management standards and procedures. This makes one of them a corporate criminal liability. The government is blamed for not performing adequate oversight, applying the law correctly, and managing environmental contamination that has an impact on public health. As a result, to avoid FABA pollution from lowering environmental quality, current regulations must be reinforced and made more preventative, based on the precautionary principle.
PROMOTING THE ROLE OF LAWS IN FORMING AND DEVELOPING MORAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR STUDENTS OF UNIVERSITY IN VIET NAM DURING THIS CURRENT PERIOD
Authors: THI THU HUONG DINH, NGUYEN GIAC TRI
Published: June 2023

In order to encourage people to obey the law voluntarily, it is important to make people understand the need and the social benefits of laws. In order to enforce laws effectively, besides the power of public authorities, it is necessary to mobilize both the power of thought and spirit of people. People should understand that laws are necessary and basis for our society. It is the main purpose and basic requirement of legal education for all people in general and students in particular. This article is about how to promote the role of laws in forming and developing moral characteristics for students of university in Viet Nam during this current period.
CRIMINAL CASES RELATED TO CHEQUES IN THE LIGHT OF THE OMANI LITIGATION PROCEDURES FACILITATION LAW PURSUANT TO ROYAL DECREE NO. 125/2020
Authors: AHMED O. K.  HOSNIA, CHAMI YASSINE
Published: June 2023

The study included the legal nature of the different forms of crimes committed on cheques by highlighting the most important crimes on cheques and how they are dealt with before the judiciary under the law of facilitating litigation procedures. The study was divided into two sections, where the first section dealt with the legal nature of crimes against cheques by dealing with the concept of the cheque and its characteristics in addition to images of crimes against the cheque. To achieve the objectives of the article, doctrinal legal research methodology using a qualitative approach was adopted. The study reached results, the most important of which are the procedures specified the period within which the cheque case must be decided within a maximum period of 60 days, and the legislator limited the litigation stage in this type of case to two levels, primary and appeal only. Therefore, the rulings issued by the Court of Appeal regarding cheque offenses are not subject to appeal before the Supreme Court. The study also recommended that the legislator make a special regulation for the duration of the cheque case in the pre-trial stage, whether before the police station or the public prosecution, in addition to specifying a specific period of time for this case to remain with these authorities, in order to ensure the speedy consideration and decision on it.
STANDARD AGREEMENTS IN THE CONCEPT OF FREEDOM OF CONTRACT
Authors: DHANISWARA K HARJONO
Published: June 2023

The agreement is made on a consensual basis. According to the provisions of Article 1338 paragraph (1) of KUPerdata, the Agreement adheres to the principle of freedom of contract. In business development, an agreement or contract is made in the form of a standard agreement. Problems in research, how the concept of freedom of contract in a standard agreement and whether the principle of consensual is met in the formation of a standard agreement that contains standard clauses. This study uses a type of normative research on the legal norms of freedom of contract in the standard agreement, descriptive-analytical research using document study data collection tools sourced from primary legal materials in the form of the Civil Code, secondary law materials, and tertiary law materials. The conclusion obtained is that the standard agreement, although the clause has been made by the party who has a position and can oppress the party in a weak position, in fact, the weak party has an element of choice, namely agreeing or rejecting it, so the standard agreement does not violate the principle of freedom of contract. The establishment of a standard agreement containing standard clauses violates the principle of consensual is explicitly stated in Article 1320 paragraph (1) of the Civil Code, which states that the legal terms of an agreement are that there must be an agreement between the two parties, where the standard agreement is not based on at the free will of the parties.
SPATIAL VARIATION IN THE GROWTH OF THE POPULATION OF THE GOVERNORATES OF IRAQ FOR THE PERIOD 2010-2020 AND ITS EXPECTATIONS FOR THE YEAR 2030 AD
Authors: DHEYAA JAAFAR ALNAJM
Published: June 2023

The research findings revealed that the province of Anbar boasts the largest area in Iraq, accounting for a significant proportion of the country's total area at 31.7%, whereas the province of Baghdad has the smallest area, representing only 1.0% of the total area. As for the population distribution, Baghdad Governorate has the highest percentage of inhabitants at 21.2%, while Al-Muthanna Governorate has the lowest percentage, with a figure of 2.2%. Notably, the Iraqi population exhibited a growth rate of 2.1% during the period of 2010-2020 AD, with urban areas recording a higher growth rate of 2.3%, as opposed to rural areas that experienced a rate of 1.8%. The research further projected that the population of Iraq would reach approximately 49,675,379 by the year 2030, with an urban population of 35,214,703 and a rural population of 14,460,676.
REQUIREMENTS TO SUPPORT A MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM TO CONFRONT THE CYBER THREAT IN THE IRAQI TRADE BANK.
Authors: SALMAN ABOOD ZBAR
Published: June 2023

The study aims to use the requirements of cybersecurity approved by the World Economic Forum and the suggestions added by the researcher to support the decision to develop or establish a management information system in the Iraqi Trade Bank, Using the multi-characteristic utility theor. The study reached that the use of decision support models to reject the current system or develop it for its inability to confront the cyber threat and choose the best alternative (creating a new system). The research recommended the implementation of the cybersecurity strategy in Iraq, including the Iraqi Trade Bank, where the index measuring the implementation of global cyber risk standards showed a significant decline of 129 globally.
THE DISCREPANCY BETWEEN HIGH AMBITION AND A SENSE OF DEPRIVATION FOR THE POET MUHAMMAD MAHDI AL-JAWAHIRY
Authors: ESRAA SAMIR ABDEL-HADI, HASSAN ABED ODEH AL-KHAKANI
Published: June 2023

The poet Muhammad Mahdi Al-Jawahiri's feeling of the paradox between the self and its high ambition and its feeling of disappointment in the bad reality is one of the most prominent things through which Al-Jawahiry's poetry was founded, which is based on the strength of meaning, and the elegance of utterance.Al-Jawahiri waged a violent war on the factors of corruption by rejecting a miserable reality and looking forward to a better future. Al-Jawahiri lived great hopes and dreams in order to change the situation and create a new life dominated by freedom, love, safety and peace, and he realized that those hopes that he dreams of with his people are unseen. The light is only by undermining the edifices of the tyrants, and resolutely confronting the colonialists. However, the road to that is arduous and difficult.
EXPLORING THE MAQASHID AL SHARIAH DIMENSION TO EVALUATE THE MANAGEMENT OF BAYTUL MAAL
Authors: MUHAMMAD KAMAL ZUBAIR
Published: June 2023

It is of the utmost importance to conduct a review of the management of Baitul Mal so that support can be provided to the appropriate individuals at the appropriate time. By investigating the various aspects of maqashid al-Syariah, the purpose of this research is to conduct an evaluation of the management of Baytul Mal at Taawun at the DDI Mangkoso Islamic Boarding School. This study is of the qualitative variety. The information was collected from both the personnel of Baytul Mal and the clients it serves. According to the findings of the evaluation, baytul mal At Taawun is associated with all four aspects of maqashid sharia, specifically hifz din, which is summed up in sharia compliance indicators. Hifznafs, which is summarized in the indicators of service, Hifzaql, which is summarized in the indices of participation, and Hfzmaal, which is summarized in the indicators of sustainability.
CHILD CUSTODY AFTER DIVORCE: ENHANCE A SHARED-PARENTING IN INDONESIAN MARRIAGE LEGAL SYSTEM
Authors: SUDIRMAN L., IAIN PAREPARE
Published: June 2023

Shared Parenting is a concept that has been gaining worldwide attention in recent years, and Indonesia is no exception. However, the application of shared parenting in Indonesia has faced numerous obstacles, such as the lack of awareness of shared parenting in the country, cultural factors influencing the uptake of the concept, and legal challenges that stand in the way of its establishment. The key idea in this paper is to enhance a shared parenting system in Indonesia in order to solve a child custody dispute in Indonesia. This research employed qualitative design. The result of the study indicated that providing training and education for these professionals, as well as through policy change and legal reforms were the key to Enhance a Shared-Parenting in Indonesian Marriage Legal System. Shared parenting can reduce the gender wage gap in Indonesia, as both parents are more likely to be involved in the labor force. It also leads to fewer parental conflicts and better decision-making within the household. Despite its potential benefits for both parents and children, shared parenting is still uncommon in Indonesia. The benefits of shared parenting should include the advantages of both parents being actively involved in the lives of their children. Our ﬁndings could potentially explain the increase in the understanding of shared parenting as an alternative a child protection after divorce These findings have important implications for enhance marriage legal system. This work suffers from a number of limitations - notably related to empirical data. Several interesting aspects may be explored further by increasing the data in different location.
BEYOND BORDERS: INVESTIGATING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF SOCIAL JUSTICE AND HUMAN RIGHTS ADVOCACY IN AUSTRALIAN AND INDIAN JURISDICTIONS
Authors: ARUP KUMAR PODDAR
Published: June 2023

This article examines the advocacy approaches and mechanisms employed to address social justice and human rights issues in Australia and India, highlighting key issues and challenges in each jurisdiction. It provides an overview of the various advocacy strategies, evaluates their effectiveness, and offers recommendations for overcoming obstacles. By comparing the advocacy efforts in both countries, the article aims to inform future efforts in promoting social justice and human rights and enhance understanding of effective advocacy practices.
EMPOWERING WOMEN IN JORDANIAN LEGISLATIONS: A STUDY IN LIGHT OF THE CONVENTION ON THE ELIMINATION OF ALL FORMS OF DISCRIMINATION AGAINST WOMEN (CEDAW) AND THE AMENDMENTS TO THE JORDANIAN CONSTITUTION IN 2022
Authors: HAZEM SULEIMAN TOUBAT, NISREIN FATEHI UDWAN
Published: June 2023

Jordan has ratified the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) with reservations about some of its provisions for reasons related to the state's religious and national identity. Therefore, Jordanian legislations varied in terms of their compatibility with this Convention. On the other hand, a new text was added to the Jordanian Constitution under the 2022 amendments aimed at empowering women and protecting them from all forms of violence and discrimination. This added text raised the question of whether it paves the way for the lifting of reservations to CEDAW. In light of this added constitutional text, this study seeks to address and analyze Jordanian legislation to determine their role in empowering women, and to indicate their compatibility or incompatibility with CEDAW.  This study concluded that Jordanian legislations include many provisions aimed at empowering women politically, economically and socially in a manner consistent with CEDAW, while preserving the regulation of the issue of nationality, personal status and family affairs in accordance with the interests of the state and its religious affiliation, and in contravention with CEDAW. The study recommended the necessity of stipulating in the constitution to grant Jordanian nationality to the children of Jordanian women married to non-Jordanians as a woman’s right, and then lifting the reservation regarding this matter in CEDAW.
INVOLVEMENT OF STAKEHOLDERS IN DE-RADICALIZATION OF TERRORISM IN POSO DISTRICT: PENTAHELIX MODEL
Authors: PAUL ADRYANI MOENTO, ALEXANDER PHUK TJILEN, BEATUS TAMBAIP
Published: June 2023

The Purpose of this Study is to Analyze the Involvement of Stakeholders in De-Radicalization of Terrorism in Poso District using the Pentahelix Model. This Study Adopts a Qualitative Descriptive Method. Data was Collected through Interviews with Key Stakeholders, including the Head of the Social Services Office, the Chairman of the FKUB, the Secretary of the Kesbangpol, the Head of the Police Resorts Binmas, the Pasi Intel Kodim 1307 Poso, Representatives from NGOs, Community Leaders, and Individuals Involved in the De-Radicalization Process. Additional Data was Obtained through Literature Reviews and Internal Discussions at Musamus University.The Results Indicate that the Implementation of the Pentahelix Model Improved the Prevention of Terrorism in Poso District. The Government Prioritized Social Welfare through the Social Services Officet. Empowerment of Former Terrorism Convicts was Achieved through Psychosocial Training Provided by the Wasta Foundation and The Habibie Centre. The Indonesian Peace Alliance Community Offered Entrepreneurship Training to Former Convicts. The Academic Sector Supported the Government through Research that Can Help Prevent Terrorism among Youth and Students. The Media Provided Information about Peace through Educational Films."
USING VIETNAM'S CURRENT CONTINGENT OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNOLOGICAL INTELLECTUALS - REALITY AND SOLUTIONS
Authors: LE THI HONG NHIEN, LE THI TAM
Published: June 2023

As a province in the Mekong Delta, Vinh Long located in the central location of the delta in the Lower Mekong River Basin. With many name changes, from May 05, 1992, the name Vinh Long has been used up to now. Vinh Long is known as the “Southern land of the talented”, the “sacred land of the talented”. After the liberation of the South and reunification of the country, Vinh Long intellectuals, including scientific and technological intellectuals, were continued to be respected by the revolutionary government, and thrived, making great contributions to the development of the province. In 2022, Vinh Long's population was 1,029,015 people, and labor force was 612,369 people, accounting for 59.5% of the population, of which scientific and technological intellectuals accounted for 5.42% (33,217 people). Number of scientific and technological intellectuals awarded bachelor, master to PhD degrees all increased. In addition, there is not much difference between male and female intellectuals in Vinh Long. Intellectuals aged from 30 years old to under 40 years old accounted for 38.22%, and intellectuals aged from 40 years old to under 50 years old accounted for 28.52%. In addition to the achieved results, Vinh Long's scientific and technological intellectuals also have many limitations such as: the number of scientific projects is not much; the implementation progress is still slow; in addition, intellectuals with PhD degrees are concentrated in universities. From the above facts, it is necessary to have solutions to develop scientific and technological intellectuals in Vinh Long province in the current period to effectively serve the local economic and social development.
INVOLVEMENT OF STAKEHOLDERS IN DE-RADICALIZATION OF TERRORISM IN POSO DISTRICT: PENTAHELIX MODEL
Authors: PAUL ADRYANI MOENTO, ALEXANDER PHUK TJILEN, BEATUS TAMBAIP
Published: June 2023

The Purpose of this Study is to Analyze the Involvement of Stakeholders in De-Radicalization of Terrorism in Poso District using the Pentahelix Model. This Study Adopts a Qualitative Descriptive Method. Data was Collected through Interviews with Key Stakeholders, including the Head of the Social Services Office, the Chairman of the FKUB, the Secretary of the Kesbangpol, the Head of the Police Resorts Binmas, the Pasi Intel Kodim 1307 Poso, Representatives from NGOs, Community Leaders, and Individuals Involved in the De-Radicalization Process. Additional Data was Obtained through Literature Reviews and Internal Discussions at Musamus University.

The Results Indicate that the Implementation of the Pentahelix Model Improved the Prevention of Terrorism in Poso District. The Government Prioritized Social Welfare through the Social Services Officet. Empowerment of Former Terrorism Convicts was Achieved through Psychosocial Training Provided by the Wasta Foundation and The Habibie Centre. The Indonesian Peace Alliance Community Offered Entrepreneurship Training to Former Convicts. The Academic Sector Supported the Government through Research that Can Help Prevent Terrorism among Youth and Students. The Media Provided Information about Peace through Educational Films."
PROPORTIONALITY IN HUMAN RIGHTS: THE AXIOMATIC REASONING OF EQUALITY
Authors: NEHALUDDIN AHMAD, GARY LILIENTHAL
Published: June 2023

No human right to subsistence has yet been settled, due to continuing debate over equality and the meanings of proportionality in survival. Across Europe, groceries and energy costs are overtaking consumers’ resources to pay for them. Economists say this crisis will increase the number of households subsisting in poverty. In light of this statement of significance, the overall objective of this research is to discover a critical exegesis on the character of equality. After the developments of the axiomatic reasoning of Eudoxus, the issue arises naturally as to how to characterize ‘equality’. The argument seeks to sustain the proposition that equality is an axiom in the nature of a deus ex machina. Saying that people are alike morally is a circular articulation of a moral rule for the treatment for certain people, demanding reference to how they must be treated alike, effectively a kind of distortion of their proportions. Gillespie’s argument, that people who are alike should be treated alike, only applies where the actor had a specific duty to such persons, introduces at once the convenient circularity of an axiom, and at once the convenient circularity of a deus ex machina. Browne’s explanation of a proportionality genus for rights implies that equality is in the nature of a fictive genus of fictive rights. Equality is an artificial axiomatic construct, cobbled together like a deus ex machina, to resolve the meaning of proportionality in assessing people’s equal receiving of their due.
CONSTITUTIONAL POSTPONEMENT OF THE 2024 GENERAL ELECTION IN THE INDONESIAN STATE SYSTEM
Authors: ASKARI
Published: June 2023

The discourse on postponing the 2024 general elections has become a separate discourse in implementing democracy in the Indonesian constitutional system. This intersects between holding general elections as mandated by the provisions of the 1945 Constitution and Law Number 7 of 2017 concerning general elections held every 5 (five) years and affirming the limitation of executive and legislative powers for 5 (five) years based on The 1945 Constitution. This becomes the primary argument in reviewing the constitutionality of postponing the 2024 General Elections in the Indonesian State Administration System. Postponement of General Elections as regulated in Law no. 7/2017, which basically regulates the existence of a an advanced general election and a follow-up general election. The follow-up general election and the follow-up general election constitute a postponement of the general election in the stages of holding the general election so that the follow-up general election and the follow-up general election do not include a postponement of the general election outside the stages of holding the general election. Postponement of general elections outside the stages of holding general elections has no legal instruments. As for the realization of postponing the General Election, it can be done through the issuance of a Perppu or an Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. Suppose it refers to the issuance of a Perppu. In that case, it is necessary to emphasize matters of urgency that compel the postponement of the general election can be carried out. In addition, the realization of postponing general elections with a rational paradigm can be carried out through the Amendments to the 1945 Constitution
THE PLIGHT OF ATA-MANOBO SCHOLARS OF DATU JOSE A. LIBAYAO-DAVAO DEL NORTE STATE COLLEGE
Authors: ELMER RANDY Y. NAMOC
Published: June 2023

College life has always been challenging. Thus, college life may be the most difficult for an Indigenous scholar like the Ata-Manobo of DJAL-DNSC. This study delved into Ata-Manobo scholars' personal experiences, coping mechanisms, and insights as scholars. The study employed a qualitative research design using a phenomenological approach. Results revealed that Ata-Manobo scholars are brawling against their cultural practice of early marriage and now desire to teach education. Moreover, scholars showed difficulty in academics. Social and emotional distractions were also observed, like drinking alcohol with peers, calling and texting with a girlfriend; executing parental duties; lacking support from family; and worrying about the family at home.Commissioning someone as counsel who will guide them in their culture-related struggles and academic challenges may lighten their plight.
POST COVID-19 RULINGS OF ISLAMIC LAW ON PANDEMICS: AN ANALYTICAL STUDY WITH REFERENCE TO NECESSITY AND JURISTIC CREATIVITY IN MANAGEMENT OF CONSEQUENTIAL ISSUES RELATED TO nCOV-19 VIRUS.
Authors: FAZLI DAYAN
Published: June 2023

Certainly, pandemics have been one of the most appalling threats to human life throughout the human history. It is an historical fact that billions of people have died because of contagious ailments. Presently, we are in the 21st century which is known for scientific and biomedical advancements. But unfortunately, we also became victims of a precarious pandemic named Covid-19. The most interesting thing is that the contemporary experts have not been able to discover any remedy for this treacherous disease yet. In this situation, the views of Islamic scholars have diversified whether religion has a cure for the pandemics? Being Muslims, we believe that Islam guides us via application of preventive and therapeutic measures for the preservation and protection of life as a primary objective of Islamic law. While responding to Covid-19 Pakistani Muslim population at large were more adherent to the legal edits and verdicts (fatwās) issued by religious clerics than the state authorities. Hence, they have acknowledged those rules and regulations which were mediated by religious scholars. In this back drop the present study is designed to investigate the post Covid-19 rulings of Islamic law on pandemics to assess whether the NIH and WHO SOPs/guidelines are compatible with Islamic injunctions? Consequently, this research found many examples in Prophetic Seerha (life) to get protection from pandemics and lethal diseases. Correspondingly, in this article, efforts are made to determine the moral, ethical and practical teachings of Islam to cure the pandemics and deadly diseases with special reference to Covid-19. Thus, an analytical approach is adopted with a qualitative research methodology. Resultantly, the researcher observed that Islam has a complete set of ethical code to prevent and protect from pandemics and fatal diseases. Therefore, it is argued that people should adopt the ethical teachings of Islam for infectious diseases keeping in view the contemporary biomedical norms. To combat pandemics in Pakistan, the state departments are required to heed towards religious guidelines while not forgetting the application of medication as suggested by physicians and experts of the field.
TUTORING IN THE UNIVERSITY. A BIBLIOMETRIC AND THEMATIC ANALYSIS TO THE SCIENTIFIC PRODUCTION OF THE WEB OF SCIENCE (2013-2023)
Authors: YASNA BELÉN ANABALÓN ANABALÓN, EMMANUEL ABRAHAM VEGA ROMAN
Published: June 2023

The objective was to analyze the scientific productivity on mentoring in the university context, during the period 2013-2017. The bibliometric analysis contemplates temporal evolution, levels of collaboration and offers a look at the main topics. The bibliographic search was performed in the Web of Science, main collection database, obtaining a final sample of 215 papers. The results indicated a progressive growth of productivity levels and highlight the scientific interest in studies aimed at academic and peer tutoring. This research offers a vision of the current scientific production on the types of tutoring, methodology, unit of analysis that predominates, time of acceptance of the journals, analysis of the predominant themes of study and those that need consolidation such as private tutoring and the tutoring program. It is concluded that, predominantly in education and educational research, the journal with more publications is Mentoring & Tutoring, and finally it is possible to point out that there is a growing scientific interest in researching tutoring at the university level, based on the wide range of articles reviewed, which support an accompaniment at this educational level.
BROKER'S RESPONSIBILITY FOR VIOLATING HIS OBLIGATIONS UNDER THE INSURANCE CONTRACT
Authors: MOHAMMAD ALI MOHAMMAD BANI-MEQDAD
Published: June 2023

This research aims at investigating  the legal frameworks for the work of the insurance broker in terms of  the contracts he prepares and concludes, and clarification of the importance of his role in concluding the contract for the benefit of the insured, whether he is a broker or an agent, by stating his obligations and duties and the laws governing his work as a mediator in organizing the insurance contract. It includes the mediator in the insurance contract and what is required from  him towards the parties to the contract and the consequences of his breach of his duties towards the parties to the contract.

The study used  the analytical approach through analyzing the elements of the study, and the descriptive approach to describe the problem of the study through a precise and organized scientific methodology in order to reach interpretations and results expressed in the body of the study. The study reached the following results: the broker always either represents the insurer and seeks to achieve his interest, or he represents the insured by searching for a company suitable for him in order to achieve his interest. The insurance broker is an agent for the insured client, and he is looking for a company that will accept coverage of his risks in return for a lower premium amount and broader guarantees. The duty of the mediator is to exert care, not to achieve an end, and the required care is the care of the usual man.
SOCIAL NETWORKING AND FUTURE WORK: PROFESSIONS, JOBS IN OMAN
Authors: AWASHREH RAED
Published: June 2023

Social networks roles have been widened from being a communication and marketing tools for providing job opportunities to creating works and professions that lead to generating new works.Social network contributes to providing future jobs and professions through it, not to mention being one of the most important means of marketing at the present time, as it has gone beyond its promotional-marketing role to become a frame for generating future professions.

By relying on secondary data of previous research, reports, and articles supported by some facilitated interviews, the research paper answers the main question, which is: To what extent do social networks contribute to generating jobs and professions?It concludes that a lot of businesses, professions, and jobs inside and outside institutions have been formed based on the multiplicity, roundness, and diversity of the emergence of the needs of individuals, and therefore there are potential opportunities that need to be explored in order to harmonize the process of self- and university education with the needs of societies and markets.
ADAPTING TO THE NEW NORMAL: EXPLORING RESILIENCE MEASURES IN THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: NAVARRO JOHN DECRETALES
Published: June 2023

This empirical study utilized a quantitative approach with a descriptive design to examine the resilience measures implemented by restaurants in response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Municipality of Ajuy, Iloilo, Philippines. The researchers employed a purposive sampling technique to select 129 restaurant owners or managers who had direct experience with the pandemic's impact on the industry. Data were collected through an online survey questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results indicated that epidemic prevention control was the most prominent resilience measure, followed by government and community support, marketing responses, and management responses. The findings suggest that restaurants in Ajuy are highly adaptive and open to different measures to ensure their survival during the pandemic. The study recommends that restaurants should explore technological innovations and collaborations to enhance their resilience in the future. Overall, this study provides insights into the resilience of the restaurant industry during a crisis, highlighting the importance of implementing various measures to ensure continued operation.
CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY IN INDONESIA LAW AND LEGAL VALIDITY
Authors: ULYA KENCANA, MUHAMMAD SIROZI, AFLATUN MUCHTAR
Published: June 2023

The study, a continuation of earlier studies, examines in-depth the primary principles governing the operation of Indonesia's CSR through corporate law as well as the CSR law's credibility from a different angle that has not received much attention. This paper attempts to assess Indonesia's corporate social responsibility statute. It is utilized to develop an analysis as demonstrated in this work through the study of different research documents and literature. To fully explain the company's CSR from a legal standpoint, the data is gathered and then examined. The findings of this investigation show unequivocally that businesses in Indonesia develop their own CSR strategies based on a knowledge of CSR guidelines.
THE CRIMINAL OFFENSE OF TRAFFICKING IN HUMAN BEINGS IN BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA AND THE REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO: A COMPARATIV SENSE
Authors: MAJA BADŽAK FEJZI BEQIRI,
Published: June 2023

Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo, as two countries that lived through the events of war and suffered a large number of different victims and material losses during the war period, took almost identical paths in the direction of nation building.

Although these two countries have made significant progress in some segments, due to their historical past, also had the opposite side of the coin: stagnation, underdevelopment, corruption, lack of rule of law, high level of unemployment, poverty, various forms of organized crime, etc. One of the forms of organized crime is human trafficking, which occurs in these two countries with some special characteristics due to various factors that have influenced it.

For this negative social phenomenon, especially in the form of sexual exploitation of women and children, interest is expressed in every country, but these two countries differ from other Southeast Europe countries due to the large number of victims of human trafficking that is, because of sexual exploitation especially women and children after the end of the war events, which means that the expansion time of this phenomenon, the age of the victims, scope and manner represent  special characteristics for Bosnia and Herzegovina i Republic of Kosovo.

Methods: The article uses system-structural, formal-logical, comparative-legal, statistical and dialectical research methods. Based on the methods, we realized the purpose of this paper which is to research, analysis  and introduce in comperativ sense, forms and causes of human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo.

Results and Conclusions: The analysis was realized within two main thematic areas: Sexual exploitation especially women and children and causes of human trafficking in Bosnia and Herzegovina and the Republic of Kosovo after the end of the war events.

The relevant state institutions in BiH and Republic of Kosovo should be systematically engaged with the aim:

To eliminate or reduce the causes of human trafficking and,

 Rehabilitation and compensation of victims of human trafficking.
CURING THE NATION IN THE AGE OF COVID-19: RELIANCE ON PROCUREMENT EXEMPTION POLICY IN INDONESIA?
Authors: SITI ANISAH CENUK SAYEKTI,
Published: June 2023

This paper analyzes Indonesia's health sector procurement exemption policy during the Covid-19 pandemic.To respond to the current COVID-19 pandemic, it has been recognized that collaboration between competitors is necessary. However, it is also known that some collaborations will infringe on competition law if it is not handled with care. In Indonesia, the Government takes a further step by identifying necessary cooperation and excluding such cooperation from competition law enforcement based on public interest, in one instance for those within the health sector supply chain. Applying a procurement exemption policy means to line aside competition law for competitors, others within the supply chain, and various consumer groups. However, the immunity policy does not mean it will not create risks.
ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN ONLINE TEACHING AND LEARNING: A CASE STUDY OF A VIRTUAL CLASS
Authors: ROBLES BALIDA DON ANTON
Published: June 2023

This qualitative case study examines the ethical challenges of online teaching and learning in virtual classrooms. Data was collected through interviews and observations, and analyzed using thematic analysis informed by Rest's moral decision-making model. The study reveals that ethical challenges emerge from the complex interplay of technological, social, and pedagogical factors, influenced by broader cultural, institutional, and policy contexts of online education. Factors affecting ethical behavior include online tool features, users' technical skills and digital literacy, virtual community norms, power dynamics, instructional strategies, learning outcomes, regulations, accreditation standards, and ethical codes of conduct. To promote ethical conduct, a multi-faceted approach is recommended, addressing technological, social, pedagogical, institutional, and policy aspects. This includes developing ethical guidelines and training programs for educators and learners, and integrating ethical considerations into online education program design and implementation. Further research is needed to explore and address ethical challenges in online teaching and learning. This study emphasizes the significance of ethics in online education and the importance of proactive measures to tackle ethical issues.
THE AUTHORITY OF DISCIPLINARY ACTION BETWEEN ADMINISTRATION AND JUDICIARY
Authors: RADDIEH ENASS JOMAHH
Published: June 2023

This brief research studied the duty of the administration, presented by the disciplinary authority granted to it. These powers have been studied according to the administrative hierarchy established in accordance with the provisions of the law, and granted to each of the President of the Republic, the Prime Minister, the Prime Minister and the ministers were studied. Then we moved on to discuss the powers that enables the administration to describe, adapt the violation, and then impose the appropriate punishment on the perpetrator. Then we followed this study by examining the penalties that affecting the employee's salary and job, not his person. The research ended by searching the judiciary's supervision imposed on the authority  and its disciplinary decisions to ensure that they comply with the legal texts and do not violate the principle of legitimacy.
POPULAR AND SOLIDARITY ECONOMY ENTERPRISES: COST OPTIMIZATION THROUGH LINEAR PROGRAMMING
Authors: ESPINOZA XIMENA PATRICIA GRANIZO
Published: June 2023

Purpose: The main objective was to design a linear programming model for cost optimization of popular and solidarity economy entrepreneurships,  in addition to propose the job order costing as an effective tool for determining the cost production.

Methodology:   The research method was of a logical deductive type, using a mixed approach, with a correlational level. A linear programming model was designed to minimize the production cost.  A job order was designed, that includes the components of cost production and operating expenses and was applied to 20 enterprises determining the price in terms of job  order costing.

Findings

Spearman's correlation test shows a coefficient equivalent to 0.484, reflecting an average positive correlation between job costing and cost optimization. The application of the linear programming model contributed to the minimization of cost production, while the designed production order allowed to determine the distribution of the cost in each venture, constituting a guide for the calculation of the production cost of future ventures.

Originality/value

This research contributes significantly to entrepreneurs and small businesses, providing a model for cost optimization.  The designed production order allows setting the price with an adequate profit margin, registering direct material costs, direct labor and general costs; which are transferred to the model oriented to the minimization of the cost of production.
CORPORATE ESPIONAGE – A VIEW WITH APPLICABILITY OF ALTERNATE DISPUTE RESOLUTION
Authors: C. A. SATHIYA AKSHAYAN K. S.,
Published: June 2023

Spying, having traces since the Monarch period or maybe even before that, plays a crucial role in times of war and the concept of economy.  The presence of legal backup behind the art of spying is equally balanced with the illegality in it.  Considering the security and the economic stability of a nation, spies are used, though such activities are illegal and the same nation also punishes any person involved in the activity of spying from another nation.  With such a crucial situation, business and the market being the arms of the stabilized economy, also play with the spies in such a way that competition in the market benefits best the customer.  The market getting globalized, on one hand, requires speedy remedy when there raises any issue of law or any illegal acts.  The trending mechanism which was coined in the near past, but has its traces since the same period of the monarch stands as an alternative method to attain such requirement.  Thus, with such an explicit practice of spies, the author here would like to throw light upon the legal terminology behind the statutes governing the activities of spying and the effectiveness of the Alternate Dispute Mechanism (ADR) upon the issues pertaining to such acts of corporate espionage present in the market.  Though there are no special statutes for regulating corporate espionage or protecting trade secrets, the author shall deal with the traces of espionage laws present in other statutes which co-relate themselves to the mechanisms of ADR.
ESTIMATING THE GUARANTEES OF PROCEDURAL LEGITIMACY IN ARTICLE 100 OF THE JORDANIAN CODE OF CRIMINAL PROCEDURE
Authors: AHMAD ALI AL AMAWI, SALEEM ABDALRAHMAN AL ASOULI
Published: June 2023

The Code of Criminal Procedure is one of the laws that regulates rights and freedoms, and a means to achieve criminal justice based on a balance between freedom and other rights of the individual on the one hand, and the right of society on the other hand, within the framework of the principle of the rule of law. This law dealt with invalidity as one of the penalties that may result in a breach of the procedural rule, and among those rules is what was decided by Article 100 of the aforementioned law, which regulates the procedures that the judicial police officer must take in the cases in which the defendant is arrested. It explicitly stipulates that its provisions must be observed under pain of nullity.

In view of what the determination of this penalty may entail in judicial applications in terms of affecting the right or interest protected under the rules of the Penal Code, the researchers used the descriptive and analytical approach, and compared it with the corresponding in the Egyptian legislation to clarify its role in ensuring the effectiveness of the management of Criminal justice, and in ensuring the principle of penal procedural legitimacy.

The study showed how stringent the legislator is in determining the invalidity just because of violating a procedural and formal rule that is nothing more than an organizational rule, represented in not organizing the arrest report, which may lead to impunity for the accused, and as a result, the loss of an objective right related to the victim, and violating the public right of the society, and the imbalance of criminal justice. The study concluded with a number of results and recommendations.