bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Escolha e exclusão de textos de autoria feminina do cânone literário brasileiro
Authors: Lima Antonia Rosane Pereira
Published: May 2018

Pretende-se, neste estudo, abordar alguns aspectos relacionados à teoria literária, bem como exemplificar, através do romance “Lutas do coração”, de Inês Sabino, como as obras de escritoras ficaram esquecidas/excluídas da historiografia literária, sobretudo no século XIX, época em que a produção literária de autoria feminina ocorreu por meio da superação de inúmeras barreiras impostas pela elite letrada (masculina) brasileira.
Sair do anonimato: a identidade social de mulheres no romance de Paulina Chiziane
Authors: Pereira Ianá Souza
Published: May 2018

Este artigo propõe-se a discutir a identidade social de mulheres no romance Ventos do apocalipse (1999), da moçambicana Paulina Chiziane. Nele, a mulher tem acesso a voz para contar uma experiência histórica de seu país: a guerra de desestabilização de Moçambique. Histórias de mulheres personagens e uma voz narrativa feminina se misturam para compor o enredo beligerante do livro. O fio condutor da narrativa é o ponto de vista daqueles que sofreram a guerra, não daqueles que a fizeram. Há, entretanto, na narrativa, o desejo de refletir e problematizar verdades e papéis sociais  no universo da aldeia, num esforço contínuo para apreender a condição da mulher e sua multiplicidade e complexidade, procurando perceber a sua identidade social.
Entrevista com autora moçambicana Emmy Xyx
Authors: Saes Stela , Pereira Iana Souza
Published: May 2018

A entrevista com a escritora moçambicana Manuela Xavier aconteceu em uma das salas da AEMO (Associação dos Escritores Moçambicanos), em Maputo, no dia 29/06/2016, durante o período em que a pesquisadora Ianá Souza Pereira lá esteve para pesquisa de campo do seu doutoramento em Psicologia, com recursos da Bolsa Auxílio Mobilidade Santander (Edital PRPG 01/2016). Nela, a escritora fala sobre maternidade, feminismos, literatura e sobre Moçambique. Conhecida pelo pseudônimo de Emmy Xyx, a escritora Manuela Xavier nasceu em 1958 no distrito de Angónia, dentro da província de Tete, onde, segundo ela, “se registram as temperaturas mais altas e mais baixas” do pais. Após atuar no jornalismo, como colunista dos jornais Embondeiro e Zambebe, Manuela passou a se dedicar à literatura, tendo já publicado as obras Espelho (prosa, 2011), Contar ser gregos (poesia, 2012), de Sol acções a Sol unções (poesia, 2013), Escritas na mão do mar à ria (poesia, 2015) e Cada ver em vez de viver (poesia, 2016). Em entrevista à revista Crioula, Manuela Xavier relembra seu período escolar, sua fase de colunista e analisa a figura da mulher negra na literatura e na sociedade moçambicana contemporânea.
Effects of Prolonged Spaceflight on Atrial Size, Atrial Electrophysiology, and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation
Authors: Khine Htet W. , Steding-Ehrenborg Katarina , Hastings Jeffrey L. , Kowal Jamie , Daniels James D. , Page Richard L. , Goldberger Jeffery J. , Ng Jason , Adams-Huet Beverley , Bungo Michael W. , Levine Benjamin D.
Published: May 2018

Background:

The prevalence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in active astronauts is ≈5%, similar to the general population but at a younger age. Risk factors for AF include left atrial enlargement, increased number of premature atrial complexes, and certain parameters on signal-averaged electrocardiography, such as P-wave duration, root mean square voltage for the terminal 20 ms of the signal-averaged P wave, and P-wave amplitude. We aimed to evaluate changes in atrial structure, supraventricular beats, and atrial electrophysiology to determine whether spaceflight could increase the risk of AF.

Methods:

Thirteen astronauts underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging to assess atrial structure and function before and after 6 months in space and high-resolution Holter monitoring for multiple 48-hour time periods before flight, during flight, and on landing day.

RESULTS:

Left atrial volume transiently increased after 6 months in space (12±18 mL;
P
=0.03) without changing atrial function. Right atrial size remained unchanged. No changes in supraventricular beats were noted. One astronaut had a large increase in supraventricular ectopic beats but none developed AF. Filtered P-wave duration did not change over time, but root mean square voltage for the terminal 20 ms decreased on all fight days except landing day. No changes in P-wave amplitude were seen in leads II or V
1
except landing day for lead V
1
.

Conclusions:

Six months of spaceflight may be sufficient to cause transient changes in left atrial structure and atrial electrophysiology that increase the risk of AF. However, there was no definite evidence of increased supraventricular arrhythmias and no identified episodes of AF.
Independent Prognostic Value of Stroke Volume Index in Patients With Immunoglobulin Light Chain Amyloidosis
Authors: Milani Paolo , Dispenzieri Angela , Scott Christopher G. , Gertz Morie A. , Perlini Stefano , Mussinelli Roberta , Lacy Martha Q. , Buadi Francis K. , Kumar Shaji , Maurer Mathew S. , Merlini Giampaolo , Hayman Suzanne R. , Leung Nelson , Dingli David , Klarich Kyle W. , Lust John A. , Lin Yi , Kapoor Prashant , Go Ronald S. , Pellikka Patricia A. , Hwa Yi L. , Zeldenrust Stephen R. , Kyle Robert A. , Rajkumar S. Vincent , Grogan Martha
Published: May 2018

Background:

Heart involvement is the most important prognostic determinant in AL amyloidosis patients. Echocardiography is a cornerstone for the diagnosis and provides important prognostic information.

Methods and Results:

We studied 754 patients with AL amyloidosis who underwent echocardiographic assessment at the Mayo Clinic, including a Doppler-derived measurement of stroke volume (SV) within 30 days of their diagnosis to explore the prognostic role of echocardiographic variables in the context of a well-established soluble cardiac biomarker staging system. Reproducibility of SV, myocardial contraction fraction, and left ventricular strain was assessed in a separate, yet comparable, study cohort of 150 patients from the Pavia Amyloidosis Center. The echocardiographic measures most predictive for overall survival were SV index <33 mL/min, myocardial contraction fraction <34%, and cardiac index <2.4 L/min/m
2
with respective hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) of 2.95 (2.37–3.66), 2.36 (1.96–2.85), and 2.32 (1.91–2.80). For the subset that had left ventricular strain performed, the prognostic cut point was −14% (hazard ratios, 2.70; 95% confidence intervals, 1.84–3.96). Each parameter was independent of systolic blood pressure, Mayo staging system (NT-proBNP [N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide] and troponin), and ejection fraction on multivariable analysis. Simple predictive models for survival, including biomarker staging along with SV index or left ventricular strain, were generated.

Conclusions:

SV index prognostic performance was similar to left ventricular strain in predicting survival in AL amyloidosis, independently of biomarker staging. Because SV index is routinely calculated and widely available, it could serve as the preferred echocardiographic measure to predict outcomes in AL amyloidosis patients.
Cardiac Structural Remodeling, Longitudinal Systolic Strain, and Torsional Mechanics in Lean and Nonlean Dysglycemic Chinese Adults
Authors: Lin Jiun-Lu , Sung Kuo-Tzu , Su Cheng-Huang , Chou Tzu-Hsun , Lo Chi-In , Tsai Jui-Peng , Chang Shun-Chuan , Lai Yau-Huei , Hu Kuang-Chun , Liu Chia-Yuan , Yun Chun-Ho , Hung Chung-Lieh , Yeh Hung-I , Lam Carolyn S.P.
Published: May 2018

Background:

Diabetes mellitus and pre–diabetes mellitus are associated with lower body mass indices and increased risk of cardiovascular events (including heart failure) at lower glucose thresholds in Chinese compared with Western cohorts. However, the extent of cardiac remodeling and regulation on cardiac mechanics in lean and nonlean dysglycemic Chinese adults is understudied.

Methods and Results:

We studied 3950 asymptomatic Chinese (aged 49.7±10.7 years; 65% male; body mass index: 24.3±3.5 kg/m
2
) with comprehensive echocardiography including speckle tracking for left ventricular global longitudinal strain/torsion, with plasma sugar, glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), and insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance) obtained. Participants were classified as (1) nondiabetic (fasting glucose <100 mg/mL; HbA1c <5.7%; n=1416), prediabetic (fasting glucose 100–126 mg/dL; HbA1c 5.7%–6.4%; n=2029), or diabetic (n=505) and (2) lean (body mass index <23 kg/m
2
; n=1445) or nonlean (n=2505). Higher sugar, HbA1c, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance were independently associated with higher left ventricular mass, greater mass-to-volume ratio, more impaired diastolic indices, and worse global longitudinal strain even after adjusting for clinical covariates (adjusted coefficient value: 0.28/0.12 for global longitudinal strain per 1 U HbA1c/homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance increment; both
P
<0.001), with a consistent trend toward greater torsion (all trend
P
<0.001). The optimal cutoffs in identifying subclinical systolic dysfunction (global longitudinal strain more impaired than −18%) for lean versus nonlean individuals were 97 versus 106 mg/dL for fasting sugar, 130 versus 135 mg/mL for postprandial sugar, 5.62% versus 6.28% for HbA1c, and 1.81 versus 2.40 for homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, respectively.

Conclusions:

These data demonstrate the presence of preclinical cardiac remodeling and systolic dysfunction in prediabetic and diabetic Chinese adults, occurring at lower thresholds of glycemic indices than defined by international standards, particularly in lean individuals.
Heliocybe villosa sp. nov., a new member to the genus Heliocybe (Gloeophyllales)
Authors: ZHANG MING , LI TAI-HUI , SONG BIN
Published: May 2018

Heliocybe villosa sp. nov. from southern China, is described, illustrated and discussed here based on its distinct morphological characters and molecular data. It is characterized by a yellowish brown pileus densely covered with orange brown villous hairs or flocci, white and close lamellae with serrated edge, broadly cylindric to subreniform basidiospores 7–9 × 3–3.5 μm, and monomitic hyphal system without clamp connections. Phylogenetic analysis based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region further confirmed its placement in Heliocybe, and the second recorded species for this genus.
A new species of Amolops (Anura: Ranidae) from southwestern Guangdong, China
Authors: LYU ZHI-TONG , WU JUN , WANG JIAN , SUNG YIK-HEI , LIU ZU-YAO , ZENG ZHAO-CHI , WANG XIN , LI YOU-YU , WANG YING-YONG
Published: May 2018

A new species, Amolops yunkaiensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens from Ehuangzhang Nature Reserve and Yunkaishan Nature Reserve, southwestern Guangdong Province, China. The new species can be distinguished from all known congeners by molecular divergence in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA, 12S rRNA and CO1 genes, and a combination of the following characters: relatively small body size, SVL 31.8–34.1 mm in adult males, 35.2–39.0 mm in adult females; numerous raised large warts on dorsum and flanks; dorsal body olive-brown or light brown with dark brown blotches; absence of vomerine teeth; absence of tarsal glands; presence of a pair of subgular vocal sacs, nuptial spines on the first finger, and sparse translucent tubercles on the lower jaw, forechest, posterior belly and ventral thigh in male. Hence, the genus Amolops contains 52 species, 29 of which occur in China.
‘On Psilorhynchus sucatio and P. nudithoracicus’, the sequel: Unnecessary and unscientific names lead to rapid synonymization and taxonomic time wasting—A response to Arunachalam et al. (2018)
Authors: CONWAY KEVIN W.
Published: May 2018

The Torrent minnows Psilorhynchus sucatio (Hamilton, 1822) and P. nudithoracicus Tilak & Husain, 1980 are widespread throughout the Ganges-Brahmaputra drainage of India, Bangladesh and Nepal (Conway et al., 2013). Like many widespread species, P. sucatio and P. nudithoracicus exhibit high levels of variation in morphological traits (particularly colour pattern) across their respective ranges and both have been described on more than one occasion by different authors examining material obtained from different parts of their range and/or unaware of earlier works. The distinctive, long-snouted torrent minnow Psilorhynchus sucatio was described by Hamilton (1822: 347) based on material from “Northern Bengal” (no types known). David (1953) introduced the name P. sucatio damodarai for a “variety” (=subspecies; ICZN, 1999; art. 45.6.4) of P. sucatio from the Damodar River (Jharkhand and West Bengal) and Tilak & Husain (1980) described the subspecies P. sucatio nudithoracicus based on material from Uttar Pradesh. In 1983, Rainboth described Psilorhynchus gracilis based on a smaller, more slender series of Psilorhynchus with a shorter snout than P. sucatio, collected in the tributaries of the Ganges and Brahmaptura rivers in northern Bangladesh. In 2013, Conway et al. argued that the names P. s. nudithoracicus and P. gracilis referred to the same species, placed the latter in the synonymy of the former, and elevated P. nudithoracicus to species status. As part of their redescription of P. sucatio and P. nudithoracicus, Conway et al. (2013) examined large series of specimens representing a range of body sizes (462 specimens of P. sucatio [13–67 mm SL] and 97 of P. nudithoracicus = [10–68 mm SL]), and encompassing almost the entire range of both species, provided multiple figures illustrating the important anatomical features of both species and, most importantly, provided clear diagnoses.
Impact of Clopidogrel on Mortality in Patients With Acute Heart Failure Stratified by Coronary Artery Disease: Findings From the Arabian Gulf Acute Heart Failure Registry (Gulf CARE)
Authors: Al-Zakwani Ibrahim , Panduranga Prashanth , Al-Lawati Jawad A. , Sulaiman Kadhim , Alsheikh-Ali Alawi A. , AlHabib Khalid F. , Suwaidi Jassim Al , Al-Mahmeed Wael , AlFaleh Hussam , Alnobani Omar , Al-Motarreb Ahmed , Ridha Mustafa , Bulbanat Bassam , Al-Jarallah Mohammed , Bazargani Nooshin , Asaad Nidal , Amin Haitham
Published: May 2018

We evaluated the impact of clopidogrel use on 3- and 12-months all-cause mortality in patients with acute heart failure (AHF) stratified by coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients admitted to 47 hospitals in 7 Middle Eastern countries with AHF from February to November 2012. Clopidogrel use was associated with significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality at 3 months (adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 0.61; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.42-0.87; P = .007) and 12 months (aOR, 0.61; 95% CI: 0.47-0.79; P < .001). When the analysis was stratified by CAD, the clopidogrel group in those with AHF and CAD was also associated with significantly lower risk of all-cause mortality at 3 months (aOR, 0.56; 95% CI: 0.38-0.83; P = .003) and 12 months (aOR, 0.58; 95% CI: 0.44-0.77; P < .001). However, in AHF patients without CAD, clopidogrel use was not associated with any survival advantages, neither at 3 months (aOR, 0.99; 95% CI: 0.32-3.11; P = .987) nor at 12 months (aOR, 0.80; 95% CI: 0.37-1.72; P = .566). Clopidogrel use was associated with short- and long-term all-cause mortality in patients with AHF and CAD. In AHF patients without CAD, clopidogrel use did not offer any survival advantage.
Imaging the Surface of a Hand-Colored 19th Century Daguerreotype
Authors: Kozachuk Madalena S. , Avilés Maria O. , Martin Ronald R. , Potts Brianne , Sham Tsun-Kong , Lagugné-Labarthet François
Published: May 2018

Daguerreotypes are valued artifacts that constitute a unique historical photographic memory of the 19th century. Understanding their surface chemistry is important in order to conserve and, when necessary, to restore them. Colored highlights were often added by hand to emphasize different features on the daguerreotype's subjects. In the present work, we report on a daguerreotype that was hand-colored with a red pigment that was added to the cheeks of the two individuals. A series of experiments using micro-Raman and micro-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and synchrotron-based X-ray fluorescence microscopy and absorption spectroscopy are used to analyze the surface and to determine the nature of the pigment used as well as the common elements present in the fabrication of the daguerreotypes.
Bernari e Ortese nella Napoli del dopoguerra
Authors: Bernard Daniela
Published: May 2018

Attraverso Il Mare non bagna Napoli di Anna Maria Ortese e Speranzella di Carlo Bernari si vuole analizzare e mettere a confronto la lettura, che mescola il documento con il romanzesco, di una Napoli che esce dalla guerra. Una Napoli in cui la miseria si erge come forza autonoma e distruttiva che rende inerti i suoi cittadini, annullandone o gettandone nel silenzio le coscienze e le volontà. Nell’isolamento bestiale dell’uomo che smarrisce il senso della comunità e della convivenza civile, la miseria diventa abiezione e priva l’uomo della sua umanità, riducendolo a mero oggetto. Salvo trovare nei momenti di maggiore disperazione, le risorse per sopravvivere e dare una possibilità ad una speranza sempre più fioca.
Safety Issues with Patient-Controlled Analgesia; Wake-Up Call: Unlabeled Containers Lead to Patient's Death
Authors: Cohen Michael R.
Published: May 2018

These medication errors have occurred in health care facilities at least once. They will happen again—perhaps where you work. Through education and alertness of personnel and procedural safeguards, they can be avoided. You should consider publishing accounts of errors in your newsletters and/or presenting them in your inservice training programs.

Your assistance is required to continue this feature. The reports described here were received through the USP Medication Errors Reporting Program (MERP), which is presented in cooperation with the Institute for Safe Medication Practices. If you have encountered medication errors and would like to report them, you may call USP toll-free, 24 hours a day, at 800-233-7767 (800-23-ERROR).

Any reports published by ISMP will be anonymous. Comments are also invited; the writers’ names will be published if desired. ISMP may be contacted at the address shown below.

Errors, close calls, or hazardous conditions may be reported through the ISMP ( www.ismp.org ) or USP ( www.usp.org ) Web sites or communicated directly to ISMP by calling 1-800-FAIL SAFE or via e-mail at ismpinfo@ismp.org . ISMP guarantees the confidentiality and security of the information received and respects reporters’ wishes as to the level of detail included in publications.
Atorvastatin: Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Generali Joyce , Cada Dennis J.
Published: May 2018

Off-Label Drug Uses

This Hospital Pharmacy feature is extracted from Off-Label DrugFacts, a quarterly publication available from Facts and Comparisons. Off-Label DrugFacts is a practitioner-oriented resource for information about specific FDA-unapproved drug uses. This new guide to the literature will enable the health care professional/clinician to quickly identify published studies on off-label uses and to determine if a specific use is rational in a patient care scenario. The most relevant data are provided in tabular form so that the reader can easily identify the scope of information available. A summary of the data—including background, study design, patient population, dosage information, therapy duration, results, safety, and therapeutic considerations—precedes each table of published studies. References direct the reader to the full literature for more comprehensive information prior to patient care decisions. Direct questions or comments on “Off-Label Drug Uses” to hospitalpharmacy@drugfacts.com .
Precipitate Formation after Subconjunctival Administration of Ceftazidime and Vancomycin
Authors: Mclellan Christine , Papadopoulos Ann
Published: May 2018

This is a case report of precipitate formation after the administration of subconjunctival antibiotics after uneventful intravitreal antibiotic administration in a patient with endophthalmitis.
The Gap Analysis and Action Plan
Authors: Savage Scott W. , Gomez Tad A. , Burrell Richard
Published: May 2018

Abstract-USP <797> is the culmination of the pharmacy professions’ low adoption of “recommended” Compounded Sterile Products’ (CSPs) guidelines and medication compounding incidents that were a result of these preparation practices. Currently, the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health care Organizations (JCAHO) expects accredited health care agencies to comply with the provisions within USP <797>. This article depicts the Gap Analysis and subsequent Action Plan of a Level 1 trauma, academic medical center's structural and operational processes for the preparation of CSPs. The objective of this article series is to increase awareness, resources, and the body of information available for facilities’ assessing and strategically planning compliance and implementation of USP <797>.
Reclaiming international social work in the context of the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development: Some critical reflections
Authors: Palattiyil George , Sidhva Dina , Pawar Manohar , Shajahan PK , Cox James , Anand Janet C
Published: May 2018

The protection of human rights and the promotion of social justice is a shared spirit manifested within all social work. Islands of local concern are directly affected by global stresses and inequalities, and the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development has created a space for repositioning social work globally in addressing these challenges. This article opens up definitions and examples of international social work, arguing the need for integrating an international outlook within social work education and policy in order that the emerging workforce, wherever they may be, are equipped with the knowledge, skills and values for international action.
Impact of Age on Disease Progression and Microenvironment in Oral Cancer
Authors: Vincent-Chong V.K. , DeJong H. , Rich L.J. , Patti A. , Merzianu M. , Hershberger P.A. , Seshadri M.
Published: May 2018

Despite the recognized link between aging and cancer, most preclinical studies in experimental tumor models are conducted with 6- to 8-wk-old rodents. The goal of the present study was to examine the impact of age on tumor incidence, growth, and microenvironmental characteristics in mouse models of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Experimental studies were conducted with the 4-nitroquinoline-oxide (4NQO) oral carcinogenesis model and orthotopic FaDu HNSCC xenografts, established in young (7 to 12 wk of age) and old (65 to 70 wk of age) female C57BL/6 mice ( n = 44; 4NQO model) and severe combined immunodeficient mice ( n = 13; HNSCC xenografts). Noninvasive whole body magnetic resonance imaging revealed increased subcutaneous and visceral fat in aging animals of both strains. On histologic examination, a higher incidence ( P < 0.001) of severe dysplasia/invasive squamous cell carcinoma was observed in old mice (92%) as compared with young mice (69%). Old C57BL/6 mice exposed to 4NQO exhibited increased incidence of oral and extraoral (peritoneal masses) neoplasms (42%) versus their young counterparts ( P < 0.05). The incidence of extraoral neoplasms was significantly lower (16%) in the younger cohort. Interestingly, no difference in growth rate and oxygen saturation was observed between orthotopic FaDu xenografts established in old and young severe combined immunodeficient mice. Our observations suggest that host age may have an impact on the growth kinetics and progression of HNSCC in the immunocompetent 4NQO model. Further investigation into the impact of aging on tumor response to preventive and therapeutic intervention is warranted.
Disparities in Initiation of Direct-Acting Antiviral Agents for Hepatitis C Virus Infection in an Insured Population
Authors: Marcus Julia L. , Hurley Leo B. , Chamberland Scott , Champsi Jamila H. , Gittleman Laura C. , Korn Daniel G. , Lai Jennifer B. , Lam Jennifer O. , Pauly Mary Pat , Quesenberry Charles P. , Ready Joanna , Saxena Varun , Seo Suk I. , Witt David J. , Silverberg Michael J.
Published: May 2018

Objectives:

The cost of direct-acting antiviral agents (DAAs) for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection may contribute to treatment disparities. However, few data exist on factors associated with DAA initiation.

Methods:

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of HCV-infected Kaiser Permanente Northern California members aged ≥18 during October 2014 to December 2016, using Poisson regression models to evaluate demographic, behavioral, and clinical factors associated with DAA initiation.

Results:

Of 14 790 HCV-infected patients aged ≥18 (median age, 60; interquartile range, 53-64), 6148 (42%) initiated DAAs. DAA initiation was less likely among patients who were non-Hispanic black (adjusted rate ratio [aRR] = 0.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.7-0.8), Hispanic (aRR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.9), and of other minority races/ethnicities (aRR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-1.0) than among non-Hispanic white people and among those with lowest compared with highest neighborhood deprivation index (ie, a marker of socioeconomic status) (aRR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.7-0.8). Having maximum annual out-of-pocket health care costs >$3000 compared with ≤$3000 (aRR = 0.9; 95% CI, 0.8-0.9) and having Medicare (aRR = 0.8; 95% CI, 0.8-0.9) or Medicaid (aRR = 0.7; 95% CI, 0.6-0.8) compared with private health insurance were associated with a lower likelihood of DAA initiation. Behavioral factors (eg, drug abuse diagnoses, alcohol use, and smoking) were also significantly associated with a lower likelihood of DAA initiation (all P < .001). Clinical factors associated with a higher likelihood of DAA initiation were advanced liver fibrosis, HCV genotype 1, previous HCV treatment (all P < .001), and HIV infection ( P = .007).

Conclusions:

Racial/ethnic and socioeconomic disparities exist in DAA initiation. Substance use may also influence patient or provider decision making about DAA initiation. Strategies are needed to ensure equitable access to DAAs, even in insured populations.
The Trump carnival: popular appeal in the age of misinformation
Authors: Gaufman Elizaveta
Published: May 2018

This article argues that a Russian analytical paradigm of carnival culture can help explain the successful presidential campaign of President Donald J. Trump. Russian philosopher and literary critic Mikhail Bakhtin developed the notion of carnival culture while analyzing Francois Rabelais’ work and its connection to the popular culture of Renaissance. Carnival ethos stood in opposition to the ‘official’ and ‘serious’ church sanctioned and feudal culture, by bringing out folklore and different forms of folk laughter that Bakhtin denoted as carnival. Carnival culture with its opposition to the official buttoned-up discourse is supposed to be polar opposite, distinguished by anti-ideology and anti-authority, in other words, anti-establishment – the foundation of Trump’s appeal to his voters. This article examines the core characteristics of carnival culture that defined Trump’s presidential campaign from the start.
Is Travel and Tourism a Priority for You? A Comparative Study of American and Taiwanese Residents
Authors: Chen Chun-Chu , Zou Suiwen (Sharon) , Petrick James F.
Published: May 2018

This research identified factors influencing people’s willingness to travel by proposing and testing a model of travel importance in a cross-cultural context. Derived from a sample of 500 Taiwanese and 559 American residents, results showed that people would travel more frequently if they perceived travel and tourism as more important personally. This perception was formed based on perceived travel benefits, value relevance, and social influence. It was also found that travel importance can be better predicted by travel benefits for Taiwanese residents whereas value relevance is a better predictor of travel importance for American residents. The paper concludes with strategies to reduce the travel-participation gap that could increase the demand for tourism products and services.
Sustainability-Oriented Innovation in Tourism: An Analysis Based on the Decomposed Theory of Planned Behavior
Authors: Garay Lluís , Font Xavier , Corrons August
Published: May 2018

Drawing on Taylor and Todd’s “decomposed theory of planned behavior,” this study explores the sustainability beliefs, attitudes, social norms, perceived behavioral controls, and behavioral intentions of accommodation managers and considers how these relate to their uptake of water-related innovations. An online survey is used to capture data from more than 300 accommodation establishments located in Catalonia (Spain). Using a structural equation model to interpret the data, 17 hypotheses are established, of which 15 are found to be significant. The findings show how the second-order constructs informed by organizational innovation literature explain the attitudes, social norms, and perceived behavioral controls of the managers; these factors inform 56% of the sustainability behavioral intentions. We explore the cognitive mechanisms that motivate managers to introduce sustainability practices in their businesses. We contribute to theory by demonstrating the benefits of studying the belief structures that inform taking sustainability actions from the perspective of innovation.
More About When I’s Meet: The Intergroup Ramifications of I-Sharing, Part II
Authors: Pinel Elizabeth C. , Long Anson E. , Johnson Leslie C. , Yawger Geneva C.
Published: May 2018

Previous research on I-sharing (the belief that one has shared the same, in-the-moment subjective experience with another person) revealed its promise for improving intergroup relations. We expand on this research by (a) pursuing the mechanism underlying I-sharing’s effects; (b) asking whether I-sharing promotes positive, behavioral intergroup outcomes; and (c) asking whether the effects of I-sharing generalize to the outgroup at large. Study 1 rules out the possibility that I-sharing promotes liking for an outgroup member via a process of subtyping. Study 2 shows that I-sharing promotes liking for an outgroup member because it promotes a general feeling of subjective connection to the I-sharer. Study 3 provides evidence that I-sharing promotes helping across intergroup lines, and Study 4 shows that I-sharing with one outgroup member reduces infrahumanization of the outgroup more generally. These four studies contribute to our growing understanding of the unique impact that I-sharing has on intergroup outcomes.
Giving Meaning to Everyday Work After Terrorism
Authors: Kent Derin
Published: May 2018

Global terrorism in the early 21st century appears to be an inevitable part of organizational life. Even among people not personally injured in an attack, the immediate aftermath can be a period of hardship, stress and sensemaking. This paper develops theory about how people give meaning to their work after terrorism. In contrast to views of everyday work as something that loses significance in times of such tragedy, I outline the conditions under which individuals are also likely to find positive meaning in it. Doing so, I integrate varied findings about workplace responses to terrorism and provide a basis for empirical testing rooted in theories of work meaning, sensemaking and the cultural response to disaster. The paper concludes with implications for research and practice.
From biopower to necroeconomies: Neoliberalism, biopower and death economies
Authors: Haskaj Fatmir
Published: May 2018

The deaths of millions from war, genocide, poverty and famine are symptomatic of a crisis that extends beyond site-specific failures of governance, culture or economies. Rather than reiterate standard critiques of capitalism, uneven development and inequality, this article probes and maps a shift in both the global economy and logic of capital that posits death as a central activity of value creation. “Crisis,” then, is more than an accidental failure or inconvenient side effect of either global economy or political reality, but pivotal to both. Extending notions of biopower and necropolitics, I argue that, due to the extension of market logic, populations have been reconfigured and reconceptualized as “excess” - not only disposable but also fundamentally valued only in their negation. This devaluation of selected population is devalorization of living labor, thus creating a space for death as a generalized commodity, market and economic activity. Crucially, this shift exceeds the historic understandings of labor, value and politics, forcing a revaluation of biopower and of extant understandings of the global economic and political order. Death as a source of value marks an entirely new space in capital that exceeds its former limits. This process can be seen in examples of genocidal warfare, ethnic cleansing, environmental “disasters” and globalized poverty that function as industries of death, mining the accumulated stored value of life, as death, and as an activity itself, instead of the old extractive exploitation of living labor.
Slap Shot! Sport, Masculinities, and Homelessness in the Downtown Core of a Divided Western Canadian Inner City
Authors: Koch Jordan , Scherer Jay , Holt Nicholas
Published: May 2018

This urban ethnography explores how a group of low-income (often homeless) men performed a range of masculinities through a sport-for-development program in the Western Canadian city of Edmonton, Alberta. For more than two decades, weekly floor hockey games have been organized by local health workers as part of a broader sport-based intervention/corrective aimed, in part, at reforming Edmonton’s urban “underclass,” one that is decidedly Indigenous. Drawing upon three years of ethnographic fieldwork, our intersectional analysis examines both the adaptive qualities of various classed and racialized masculinities and demonstrates the “symbolic violence” associated with their performance in the distinctive settler–colonial context of Edmonton’s inner city. Finally, we examine how these weekly sporting interludes also provided opportunities for more caring versions of masculinity and for more enduring forms of solidarity, support, and community to be enacted and experienced.
Digital Aesthetics: The Discrete and the Continuous
Authors: Fazi M. Beatrice
Published: May 2018

Aesthetic investigations of computation are stuck in an impasse, caused by the difficulty of accounting for the ontological discrepancy between the continuity of sensation and the discreteness of digital technology. This article proposes a theoretical position intended to overcome that deadlock. It highlights how an ontological focus on continuity has entered media studies via readings of Deleuze, which attempt to build a ‘digital aisthesis’ (that is, a theory of digital sensation) by ascribing a ‘virtuality’ to computation. This underpins, in part, the affective turn in digital theory. In contrast to such positions, this article argues for a reconceptualization of formal abstraction in computation, in order to find, within the discreteness of computational formalisms (and not via the coupling of the latter with virtual sensation), an indeterminacy that would make computing aesthetic qua inherently generative. This indeterminacy, it is argued here, can be found by reconsidering, philosophically, Turing’s notion of ‘incomputability’.
Sexual need fulfillment and satisfaction in consensually nonmonogamous relationships
Authors: Muise Amy , Laughton Andrew K. , Moors Amy , Impett Emily A.
Published: May 2018

Consensually nonmonogamous (CNM) relationships allow individuals to fulfill their sexual needs with multiple partners, but research has yet to investigate how having one’s sexual needs met in one relationship is associated with satisfaction in another relationship. We draw on models of need fulfillment in CNM relationships and theories of sexual communal motivation to test how sexual need fulfillment in one relationship is associated with satisfaction in another, concurrent relationship. Across two studies, individuals in CNM relationships ( N = 1,054) who were more sexually fulfilled in their primary relationship reported greater relationship satisfaction with their secondary partner. In Study 2, men who were more sexually fulfilled in their secondary relationship reported greater relationship satisfaction with their primary partner, but women who were more sexually fulfilled with their secondary partner reported lower sexual satisfaction in their primary relationship. Implications for communal relationships and need fulfillment are discussed.
Institutionalising local economic development practice in Ghana
Authors: Akudugu Jonas A.
Published: May 2018

In recent times, the term ‘local economic development’ has been conceptualised and introduced as a bottom-up participatory development strategy in Ghana. It is intended to be implemented at the district level to facilitate the revitalisation of the local economy and create jobs for local residents. Using in-depth interviews and the analysis of relevant policy documents, this paper evaluates efforts aimed at institutionalising the practice in local institutional frameworks and development planning practice in the country. The paper found out that processes aimed at institutionalising contemporary local economic development practice in Ghana are not making any meaningful impact. Institutional frameworks such as the structuring of development policymaking and planning in the country are still rigid and promote bureaucratic top-down development decision-making processes. Similarly, the promotion of a meaningful bottom-up decentralised planning system is only a well-packaged talk by policymakers in the country. Evidence shows that there is a clear lack of political will to implement reforms, particularly the new decentralisation policy that seeks to make District Assemblies in Ghana responsive to local economic development promotion. There is the need for a conscious effort towards making local economic development practice matter in national and local development endeavour in Ghana.
Laycarers can confidently prepare and administer subcutaneous injections for palliative care patients at home: A randomized controlled trial
Authors: Healy Sue , Israel Fiona , Charles Margaret , Reymond Liz
Published: May 2018

Background:

Palliative care patients consistently nominate home as their preferred care environment. This is challenging without support from laycarers, especially if patients require subcutaneously administered symptom relief. Laycarers typically lack confidence with this task and request professional guidance.

Aim:

To explore differences in laycarers’ confidence in administering subcutaneous injections depending upon whether a laycarer, registered nurse or pharmacist prepared injections for subsequent administration by laycarers.

Design:

Prospective randomized controlled trial with three intervention arms: laycarer prepares, labels and stores injections; registered nurse prepares injections; and pharmacist prepares injections for later administration by laycarer.

Setting/participants:

In all, 93 laycarers, from 24 urban and rural community services, completed the study.

Results:

The primary outcome of interest was laycarer confidence with injection administration; analysis of variance revealed no significant differences between the three intervention arms; mean values ranged from 5.9 to 6.1 out of 7 ( F(2, 90) = 0.50, p = 0.61). Comparison of confidence after laycarer preparation versus other (nurse or pharmacist) was not statistically significant ( t = 0.7, df = 90, p = 0.49). Averaged over intervention arms, confidence levels increase significantly with injecting experience, from 5.3 to 6.1 ( F(1, 75) = 47.6, p < 0.001).

Conclusion:

Upskilled laycarers can confidently administer subcutaneous injections for loved ones, regardless of who prepares injections. This finding can improve patient outcomes and potentially decrease unwanted admissions to inpatient facilities.
Effect of lactate administration on brain lactate levels during hypoglycemia in patients with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Wiegers Evita C , Rooijackers Hanne M , Tack Cees J , Philips Bart WJ , Heerschap Arend , van der Graaf Marinette , de Galan Bastiaan E
Published: May 2018

Administration of lactate during hypoglycemia suppresses symptoms and counterregulatory responses, as seen in patients with type 1 diabetes and impaired awareness of hypoglycemia (IAH), presumably because lactate can substitute for glucose as a brain fuel. Here, we examined whether lactate administration, in a dose sufficient to impair awareness of hypoglycemia, affects brain lactate levels in patients with normal awareness of hypoglycemia (NAH). Patients with NAH ( n = 6) underwent two euglycemic-hypoglycemic clamps (2.8 mmol/L), once with sodium lactate infusion (NAH w|lac) and once with saline infusion (NAH w|placebo). Results were compared to those obtained during lactate administration in patients with IAH ( n = 7) (IAH w|lac). Brain lactate levels were determined continuously with J-difference editing 1H-MRS. During lactate infusion, symptom and adrenaline responses to hypoglycemia were considerably suppressed in NAH. Infusion of lactate increased brain lactate levels modestly, but comparably, in both groups (mean increase in NAH w|lac: 0.12 ± 0.05 µmol/g and in IAH w|lac: 0.06 ± 0.04 µmol/g). The modest increase in brain lactate may suggest that the excess of lactate is immediately metabolized by the brain, which in turn may explain the suppressive effects of lactate on awareness of hypoglycemia observed in patients with NAH.
Development and validation of the Measure of Supporting Co-occupation for family caregivers
Authors: Ono Kenichi , Kanayama Yuri , Tsuchiya Keiko , Iwata Miyuki , Yabuwaki Kenji
Published: May 2018

Introduction

It is important to understand the experiences of elderly people with dementia and their family caregivers. Moreover, the maintenance of family caregivers’ satisfaction with co-occupation is important to ensure that they intend to continue providing care. This study developed and validated the Measure of Supporting Co-occupation, which assesses co-occupation involving elderly people with dementia and their family caregivers.

Method

This study used a cross-sectional design and questionnaire survey. Participants were recruited from 21 institutions. Descriptive statistics were calculated for the following domains: ‘evocation of the story of co-occupation’, ‘intention to continue co-occupation’ and ‘preferred co-occupation’. The construct validity and reliability of the ‘intention to continue co-occupation’ domain were examined using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and Cronbach’s alpha. The criterion-related validity of the ‘intention to continue co-occupation’ was examined by means of correlations with other scales.

Results

There were 115 pairs of participants. Good criterion-related validity and internal consistency were confirmed for the ‘intention to continue co-occupation’ domain. However, confirmatory factor analysis showed insufficient model fitness.

Conclusion

The ‘intention to continue co-occupation’ domain is not ready for clinical application due to insufficient model fitness, it is necessary to revise the Measure of Supporting Co-occupation.
An Investigation of Battery Electric Vehicle Driving and Charging Behaviors Using Vehicle Usage Data Collected in Shanghai, China
Authors: Yang Jie , Dong Jing , Zhang Qi , Liu Zhiyuan , Wang Wei
Published: May 2018

This paper investigates the driving and charging behaviors of battery electric vehicle (BEV) drivers observed in Shanghai, China. The summary statistics are compared with the observations from the U.S. EV Project. A machine-learning approach, namely self-organizing feature map (SOM), is adopted as a classifier to analyze BEV drivers’ habitual behaviors. The inter-driver heterogeneities are examined in terms of: the distributions of distance traveled per day, the start time of charging, the number of charges per day, distance traveled between consecutive charges, battery state of charge (SOC) before and after charging, and time-of-day electricity demand. It is found that ( a) BEV drivers demonstrate conservative charging behaviors, leading to short distances between consecutive charging events; ( b) a significant number of BEV drivers in Shanghai charge during daytime; ( c) the distributions depicting the driving and charging patterns vary greatly due to the diversity in travel activities among different drivers.
Thermal Field Characteristics of Reinforced Concrete Box Girder during High-Temperature Asphalt Pavement Paving
Authors: Zheng Dong , Qian Zhen-dong , Liu De-xuan , Zhang Xiang-fei , Liu Yang
Published: May 2018

During high-temperature asphalt pavement paving, the bridge is subjected to significant temperature variations, and thereby the nonlinear thermal field distribution that occurs in the box girder might threaten the safety and serviceability of the bridge structures. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the thermal field characteristics of reinforced concrete box girder with steel fiber-reinforced concrete leveling layer during asphalt pavement paving. Firstly, a three-dimensional thermal field model of a reinforced concrete segmental box girder was developed and validated using the transient thermal field theory, and the dynamic paving process was simulated by the element deletion method. Secondly, the thermal field model was applied to analyze the vertical, transversal, and longitudinal temperature distribution during asphalt pavement paving. Thirdly, the effects of various sensitive factors on the thermal field of bridge components during asphalt pavement paving were evaluated. Finally, the extreme temperature load model was established through the statistical analysis method, in which the sensitive factors were introduced. Results demonstrate that the proposed numerical simulation method is feasible for thermal field characteristic analysis of reinforced concrete box girder during asphalt pavement paving. In addition, the research results can provide the theoretical foundation for temperature load selection and structural safety design of the concrete box girder during asphalt pavement paving.
Finite-Element Modeling and Analysis of Early-Age Cracking Risk of Cast-In-Place Concrete Culverts
Authors: Liu Yalin , Schindler Anton K. , Davidson James S.
Published: May 2018

Extensive cracking was found in several cast-in-place concrete culverts in Alabama. This condition can decrease the long-term durability of the culverts. Early-age stress development in concrete is influenced by temperature changes, modulus of elasticity, stress relaxation, shrinkage, thermal coefficient of expansion, and the degree of restraint. The objective of this study is to determine means to mitigate early-age cracking in culverts by evaluating the cracking risk. Finite-element analysis was used to model the early-age stress by accounting for the following factors: construction sequencing, support restraint, concrete constituents, temperature effects, and the time-dependent development of mechanical properties, creep/relaxation, and drying shrinkage. Experimental results from restraint to volume change tests with rigid cracking frames were used to verify the accuracy of the finite-element analysis. A parametric study was performed to quantify the effect of changing joint spacing, joint type, construction sequence, concrete coefficient of thermal expansion, placement season, and concrete type on the risk of early-age cracking. The finite-element model results revealed that the use of the following measures will reduce the risk of early-age cracking in cast-in-place concrete culverts: concrete with lower coefficient of thermal expansion, contraction joints, sand-lightweight concrete or all-lightweight concrete, and scheduling the casting of the culvert wall to minimize the difference in its placement time relative to its previously cast base. Alternatively, to minimize the contribution of thermal effects on risk of cracking, the construction schedule should be developed to avoid concrete placement during hot weather conditions.