bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Virtualni svijet djece i mladih: izazovi na putu odrastanja
Authors: Sivrić Ivana , Pandža Topić Maja
Published: August 2021

The media raises our children and form an important part of their daily lives. It is impossible to imagine life without the presence of the media. They are the main source of information, content, and topics on upbringing, education, culture, politics, and entertainment. The media are socializing agent which impact on society, children and youth is significant. Accordingly, there should be a greater social intention for media education and training. The role of media education in our schools is still underused, often marginalized and sometimes misunderstood by both teachers, preschool teachers, children and young people. The number of media, internet users and profiles and social networks is growing every day, as evidenced by numerous studies, but there is not enough education for the media nor education for critical thinking. Therefore, in this paper we tried to explore the media habits of children and youth in the local community, with special reference to the time that they spent on the Internet, mostly on social networks, and whether the time spent affected their daily interactions with the environment, friends, family and, at the end of the day, their succes in school. We where interested in how much they used social network, at what age they created their profiles, and how free they felt in providing information about themselves and others through the media. According to the results, children create their profiles on social networks at a very early stage, even when they are not ready or educated for it. In addition, children are very open to the virtual world of communication with the people they do not know in real life, even to meet strangers without being aware of possible manipulation, false profiles, violence and the like. There is a clear awareness among most respondents about the need for media education, regardless of the difference in the amount of time that they spend on social networks, as well as a clearly articulated stand on the need to introduce media education as part of compulsory education in schools.
TECNOLOGIAS DIGITAIS NA EDUCAÇÃO
Authors: CAMPOS BATISTA ANA CRISTINA
Published: August 2021

Será que estamos preparados para assumir o papel de sermos autônomos nesta sociedade que cada dia mais se atualiza as novas tecnologias? Temos um papel relevante em nossa sociedade, pois através da comunicação virtual há inúmeras possibilidades de temas que podemos abordar cada vez mais chances de encontros, trocas de ideias, de informações. Por outro lado, nem todos têm esse acesso, e como a sociedade lida com esse problema? “Na educação professores e alunos praticam novas formas de comunicação”. No momento atual que precisamos aprender digitalmente - um processo que foi acelerado com a pandemia do Coronavírus, professores e educadores não tiveram outra opção, senão de mergulhar nas tecnologias digitais para minimizar o impacto que a pandemia trouxe na área educacional. Podemos ver muitas possibilidades de buscar fatos, notícias que podem nos auxiliar para um desempenho no trabalho, uma investigação mais profunda, sem ao menos saímos de casa. Através da internet, esse contato é possível, pois nossas dúvidas são tiradas em tempo hábil e real. A internet é uma forma de participar e compartilhar junto com profissionais capacitados assuntos importantes, investigar o que o aluno pensa no que ele pode contribuir para a sociedade.
DIAGNÓSTICO AMBIENTAL TRANSFORMADOR MÉTODO VERAH COMO FERRAMENTA PARA EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: MARTINS CAMARGO SANTOS CIBELE
Published: August 2021

A educação ambiental é uma importante aliada para alteração do modelo de degradação ambiental atual. A escolha da metodologia para se desenvolver esse tema no ambiente escolar é um constante desafio. Este artigo utiliza o método de revisão bibliográfica de artigos científicos e livros, com o objetivo de discutir a aplicação do método VERAH (Vegetação, Erosão, Resíduos, Água, Habitação) em escolas como instrumento eficaz para a educação ambiental. O método pode ser aplicado em todos os níveis de ensino. Ele propõe a realização de um diagnóstico ambiental simplificado, com base na pesquisa-ação aliado a um processo de gestão ambiental desenvolvido em microbacias urbanas.
ATENDIMENTO EDUCACIONAL ESPECIALIZADO: UM NOVO OLHAR PARA INCLUSÃO ESCOLAR
Authors: CRISTINA DE OLIVEIRA IZABEL
Published: August 2021

O Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) é uma política nacional de educação especial sob o ponto de vista da educação inclusiva, publicada pelo Ministério da Educação (MEC) em 2008, e inaugura um novo marco legal, teórico e organizacional da educação pública brasileira. O Atendimento Educacional Especializado (AEE) tem como objetivos oportunizar a articulação entre atendimento escolar e especializado em unidades escolares, facilitar acesso e atendimento ao aluno deficiente e sua família e proporcionar o desenvolvimento da aprendizagem e da convivência sem discriminação. Esse atendimento é ofertado no contraturno em Salas de Recursos Multifuncionais (SRM), que são ambientes dotados de equipamentos, mobiliários e materiais didáticos e pedagógicos para acessibilidade e são organizados e destinados à implantação de espaços de AEE, cujo objetivo foi graduar professores para AEE da rede pública de ensino para atuarem em suas unidades escolares (CAVALCANTE, 2012)
SÍNDROME DE DOWN NA ESCOLA INCLUSIVA
Authors: GALLORO DAS NEVES CUNHA JOMARA
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar o processo de inclusão de alunos com Síndrome de Down no ensino regular. Utilizou-se nesse estudo uma pesquisa bibliográfica e descritiva. A deficiência intelectual desde a antiguidade foi vista com preconceitos, prejudicando muito o acesso desses sujeitos ao convívio social. A escola também há muito tempo não ofereceu espaço para as crianças com esta síndrome e outras deficiências. Após estudos científicos, percebeu-se a importância da inclusão como elemento de socialização e aprendizagem. Para auxiliar esses alunos é necessária uma flexibilização no currículo para que todos possam aprender. A formação de professores com propostas inclusivas é essencial para implantar e manter projetos bem-sucedidos. Trata-se, no entanto, de um processo de construção, que precisa se consolidar em todas as escolas para viabilizar o acesso e a permanência de todos os alunos.
A FAMÍLIA, A ESCOLA E O COMPORTAMENTO DAS CRIANÇAS
Authors: CAMILLO DO COUTO MÔNICA
Published: August 2021

Esse artigo procura refletir a respeito da interação entre família, escola e o comportamento das crianças. Existe uma relação de interdependência entre escola-família, extremamente necessária para o desenvolvimento da criança, pois a educação como prática social não pode prender-se unicamente a teoria sem um real envolvimento com a realidade do mundo que a cerca. Neste momento, percebemos a necessidade de uma formação para os educandos voltada para estratégias que possibilitarão a eles assumirem valores humanos com consciência e responsabilidade, para transformar a comunidade na qual estão inseridos com atos educativos. Desta maneira, podemos entender melhor o papel da escola e a necessidade de não ficar apenas como agente passiva aos problemas sociais. Conclui-se então, que uma escola de qualidade não é formada apenas por gestores ou professores, mas também pelas famílias de seus alunos.
ALFABETIZAÇÃO CIENTÍFICA
Authors: FERREIRA LEMOS DA SILVA RENATO
Published: August 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo refletir sobre o processo de alfabetização científica no âmbito da educação básica. Nas últimas duas décadas, trabalhos sobre o assunto vêm sendo desenvolvidos no Brasil, e alguns livros publicados e divulgados. Alfabetização Científica consiste num conjunto de conhecimentos que facilitam a vivência de homens e mulheres no mundo, fornecendo-lhes informações para futuros debates que permitirão agir diretamente em sua transformação. Os conhecimentos científicos são transportados para realidade, dando explicações para vida dos indivíduos, permitindo que tenham condições de intervenção direta em sua realidade. A alfabetização científica e seus atributos perpassam por grandes divergências no meio acadêmico, variando de cunho mais filosófico, social ou científico. Vivemos num mundo em que aqueles que não são minimamente alfabetizados em língua materna (não adquiriram leitura e escrita) são distanciados socialmente. Realizando simplesmente a aquisição destas habilidades de leitura e escrita, terão contato com os conhecimentos socialmente produzidos, e espera-se que adquiram criticidade acerca da prática social realizada no mundo. Estes conhecimentos que permitem opinar, não garantem uma intervenção direta na realidade, para tanto se tem a necessidade de alfabetizar cientificamente, indo além do ler, escrever e criticar, buscando ampliar os horizontes dos indivíduos, para que tenham a leitura do mundo facilitada, entendendo a necessidade de transformá-lo para melhor.
ANÁLISE DA PRESENÇA DE MICROPLÁSTICO EM BIVALVES (PERNA PERBA): UM ESTUDO DE CASO EM MATINHOS, LITORAL DO PARANÁ
Authors: Machado Juliana Araújo , Oliveira Suzane de , Nazário Mariana Gallucci , Fernandes Heloísa , Krelling Allan Paul
Published: August 2021

Microplásticos são partículas plásticas com tamanho inferior a 5mm, conhecidos como os detritos plásticos mais abundantes no oceano. Atualmente, microesferas, fragmentos ou microfibras de plástico podem ser encontrados nos mares de todo planeta Terra, oriundos de diferentes fontes e polímeros. A ingestão destas partículas pela fauna marinha tem sido amplamente documentada, resultando na contaminação da cadeia alimentar. Além disso, devido aos riscos associados ao seu consumo pelos seres humanos, este trabalho tem como objetivo analisar e quantificar a presença de microplásticos em bivalves selvagens (Perna perna) presentes e comercializados em Matinhos, litoral do Paraná. Para isso, foi realizada a adaptação da metodologia de Phuong et al. (2018) para identificação da presença e ausência do microplástico, fazendo uso dos reagentes químicos KOH (Hidróxido de Potássio) e KI (Iodeto de Potássio). O processo consiste na amostragem das espécies e submissão destes aos processos de digestão com KOH (10%). As amostras individuais passaram por processos sequenciais de sedimentação (KOH 10% e KI 50%) e, após cada etapa, filtração das frações sobrenadantes em filtro de fibra de vidro GF/F3 (1,2 μm). Os filtros foram analisados com auxílio de estereoscópio e as partículas de microplásticos recuperadas foram contadas, fotografadas e separadas para posterior análise qualitativa. A análise do material filtrado indicou a existência de fragmentos plásticos no formato de fios/fibras, fragmentos, filamentos e esferas, comprovando a existência do material. Os resultados desta pesquisa poderão servir de subsídios para a tomada de decisão e definição de áreas prioritárias para estudos posteriores.
O CONSUMO COLABORATIVO NO CONTEXTO SOCIOECONÔMICO DE VULNERABILIDADE SOCIAL: O CASO DA COMUNIDADE PEQUENOS PROFETAS
Authors: De Oliveira Denys Marques , De Souza Angela Cristina Rocha
Published: August 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo investigar como o consumo colaborativo modifica o contexto social de pessoas em situação socioeconômica de vulnerabilidade social. Realizamos uma pesquisa descritiva, abordando o problema de forma qualitativa e utilizando como objeto de estudo o caso da Comunidade Pequenos Profetas (CPP). Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas, no site da Comunidade e no relatório de atividades da Comunidade de 2018. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que as práticas de consumo colaborativo, tais como: reuso, produção compartilhada de bens de consumo, consumo com foco na sustentabilidade, redução de desperdício, desenvolvidas pelos participantes do caso estudado têm contribuído para modificar o contexto socioeconômico dos participantes. Isso foi observado na melhoria da qualidade de vida e nutricional dos participantes, processo de geração de renda nas famílias, fomento ao empreendedorismo e pertencimento social. Assim, concluímos que o consumo colaborativo pode modificar de forma positiva o contexto socioeconômico de pessoas em situação de vulnerabilidade social.
Micronutrients Intake Status Between Risk and Non-Risk Anemia Groups Among University Students in Indonesia
Authors: Nurmilah Desi , Aji Arif Sabta , Helmyati Siti , Nurwanti Esti
Published: August 2021

Anemia status is one of the public health problems at both global and Indonesia. The prevalence of anemia was found higher in the women of reproductive age. The prevalence in Special Region of Yogyakarta was even larger than the national average (34% vs 21.7%) for women of reproductive age group. Poor intake of micronutrient could be a major contributor to anemia. The aim of this study was to determine the difference of micronutrient intake among student with risk and no-risk anemia in the Alma Ata University. This cross-sectional study conducted from August to September 2020. Of 128 subjects was recruited and divided into two groups (64 risk anemia and 64 non-risk anemia group). The screening of anemia status was obtained by using self-assessment of clinical/physical questionnaires. Micronutrient intakes such as iron, folic acid, zinc, vitamin B6 and B12, cooper, and vitamin C were assessed by Semi Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Independent T-test was created to analyze the difference of micronutrient intake in risk and non-risk anemia groups. In this study, there were significant differences in the intake of micronutrients such as iron (p <0.001), folic acid (p <0.001), Zn (p <0.001), vitamin B6 (p <0.001), B12 (p = 0.008), and vitamin C (p <0.001) among students in risk and non-risk of anemia. However, there was no significant difference in Cu intake (p = 0.975). In conclusion, lower micronutrient intake among students could lead to have higher anemia risk. Further studies with larger samples are required to confirm these findings.
Perceived Challenges of Implementing An Integrated Talent Management Strategy at A Tertiary Institution in South Africa
Authors: Mukwawaya Owen Zivanai , Proches Cecile Gerwel , Green Paul
Published: August 2021

The aim of this study was to investigate and delineate the perceived challenges of implementing an integrated talent management strategy at a South African tertiary institution. The study was conducted at a relatively new university that opened its doors on the 1st of January 2015. Since the inception of the university under study, the institution has grown considerably but without proper policies and strategies in place to ensure its competitiveness and sustainability within the current Higher Education and Training sector in the country. A qualitative research methodology in the form of semi-structured interviews conducted with a convenience sample of 10 participants was employed to execute the study. The sample was drawn from the population of directors and official representatives of administrative, academic and support staff. The inclusion of these participants was premised on the idea that by virtue of their job description, they would be most exposed to talent management issues. Results of the study indicate that the major challenges experienced in implementing an integrated talent management strategy at the university include lack of management commitment and budget, as well as unionism and resistance to change amongst staff. As such, the primary recommendations of this study are for demonstrated commitment by university management towards accessing adequate finances to facilitate the implementation of a sound talent management strategy that will assist in promoting both the quality and longevity of the tertiary education institution in question.
Inleiding
Authors: uit Beijerse Jolande , Boone Miranda , Scheepmaker Marit
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Franke’s Twee eeuwen gevangen thirty years after

In 1990 Herman Franke’s masterly dissertation Twee eeuwen gevangen. Misdaad en straf in Nederland was published. An abbreviated version appeared in English in 1995: The emancipation of prisoners: A socio-historical analysis of the Dutch prison experience, awarded best foreign study by the American Society of Criminology. Franke analyzes the developments in the Dutch prison system from the end of the eighteenth century to the end of the twentieth century. Despite the size of almost a thousand pages, the book reads like a novel. Even before Herman Franke’s untimely death in 2010 there were plans for a re-publication of the book in a hardcover. That re-edition was finally made available by Boom criminologie in 2020. In this special issue of Justitiële verkenningen, eight prison experts from science and practice reflect on the contemporary prison system from the perspective of the book. It offers tools to rise above the delusions of the day in public and scientific discussions about punishment and to relate new developments to the theoretical concepts introduced by Franke.
Over emancipatie en de rechtspositie van gedetineerden
Authors: Serrarens Judith
Published: August 2021

On emancipation and prisoners’ rights. How living conditions worsened during the corona pandemic

In the second half of the last century, the position of detainees in the Netherlands improved considerably. As far as is possible in the case of persons deprived of their freedom, there has been a certain emancipation of detainees. A well-functioning right of complaint and appeal has been created, for example, that offers detainees the possibility to have decisions of the government, in particular those of the director of the institution and the selection official, that are unfavourable to them, reviewed by an independent judicial authority. Their living conditions have also improved during this period. However, in recent years there has also been a tendency for the government to make ever greater demands on the behaviour of detainees, in return for fewer opportunities for activities and freedoms aimed at resocialisation. Since last year, the corona pandemic and the way in which it is dealt with in prisons have put further pressure on the already vulnerable position of detainees. Since March 2020, prisoners have had their opportunities for phasing in and resocialising further reduced by the virtual prohibition of leave. Furthermore, the visiting possibilities and the activity programmes within the penitentiary institutions have been minimal for over a year.
Broze fundamenten en alarmerende signalen
Authors: uit Beijerse Jolande
Published: August 2021

Brittle foundations and alarming signals. Lessons from the ‘cellular drama’ for closed youth care

In this contribution, a comparison is drawn between the origins of the cellular system in the 19th century and the system of closed youth care in the 21st century. The comparison then focuses on the alarming signals from closed youth care practice and how these are dealt with. The author argues that shortages in the provision of regular youth care have led to situations in which young people are unnecessarily placed in closed youth care institutions. By focusing on eliminating this deficit closed youth care can be gradually phased out and reduced to a minimum.
ON BOUNDEDLY COMPLETE TRANSFINITE BASES IN BANACH SPACES
Authors: JAIN P. K. , KAUSHIK S. K.
Published: August 2021

ON BOUNDEDLY COMPLETE TRANSFINITE BASES IN BANACH SPACES
ON COMPANION INEQUALITIES RELATED TO HEINIG'S
Authors: YANG GOU-SHENG , LIN YU-JEN
Published: August 2021

A number of companion inequalities related to Heinig's and their discrete analogues are investigated.
OPIAL TYPE DISCRETE INEQUALITIES IN TWO VARIABLES
Authors: PACHPATTE B. G.
Published: August 2021

The aim of the present note is to establish two new discrete inequalities of the Opial type involving functions of two variables and their differences. The analysis used in the proofs is elementary and the results established, provide new estimates on these types of inequalities.
A NOTE ON A COVERING THEOREM OF KY FAN
Authors: KO HWEI-MEI , TAN KOK-KEONG
Published: August 2021

A covering theorem by open sets is proved to be equivalent to a covering theorem by closed sets due to Ky Fan. DuaI theorems of Shapley zmd Knaster et al. are obtained as applications.
LOWER BOUNDS ON $L^t_{1:1}(D)$ IN TERMS OF RENYI ENTROPY
Authors: SHARMA R. , GUPTA P. , TUTEJA R. K.
Published: August 2021

In this paper we obtain the lower bounds for the exponentiated mean codeword length (as defined by Campbell [4]) for one-one codes of size $D$ by using the functions which represent possible transformations from one-one codes of size $D$ to uniquely decodable codes.
THE NONLINEAR CAUSTIC
Authors: NG KIN-CHUNG
Published: August 2021

In this paper the boundary layer at the nonlinear caustic is discussed and a nonlinear Airy equation is,obtained by adapting techniques from linear theory. It is shown that the incident beam undergoes a phase shift by an amount of $\pi/2$ as it passes through the caustic and becomes the outgoing beam.
A NOTE ON FLAT MODULES OVER $f$-ALGEBRAS
Authors: LAVRIČ BORIS
Published: August 2021

Let $A$ be an Archimedean uniformly complete unital $f$-algebra.It is proved that the following conditions are equivalent: (1) $A$ is a Bezout ring; (2) $A$ is a PF-ring; (3) Every ideal of $A$ is flat; (4) Every submodule of a free $A$-module is flat. This extends a result by C. Neville on algebras of type $C(X)$.
On the Allocation of Competences between the European Union and its Member States in the Media Sector | Zur Kompetenzverteilung zwischen der Europäischen Union und den Mitgliedstaaten im Mediensektor
Authors: Cole Mark D. , Ukrow Jörg , Etteldorf Christina
Published: August 2021

With a special focus on safeguarding media pluralism, this study sheds light on the allocation of competences between the EU and the Member States in the media sector. Not only is the primary and secondary legal framework analysed in detail, but the relevant elements for ensuring media pluralism at EU level and core problems in media regulation under public international law are also examined. The study identifies both existing and potential tensions between national and EU level as well as limits to EU regulatory action. The analysis is put into context with the EU Digital Services Act Package and concludes with the identification of policy options for Member States.
Making Word Problems Meaningful
Authors: Gallagher Melissa A. , Ellis Laura , Weiland Travis
Published: August 2021

Teachers can employ four strategies that students in K–12 already know and use in literacy to better comprehend mathematical word problems.
All We Have Are Questions
Authors: Martinez-Black Tyrone , Rezvi Sara K.
Published: August 2021

Ear to the Ground features voices from several corners of the mathematics education world.
Operation of T-Foils and Stern Tabs to Improve Passenger Comfort on High-Speed Ferries
Authors: Davis Michael R.
Published: August 2021

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High-speed ferries of around 100mlength cruising at around 40 knots can cause significant passenger discomfort in head waves. This is due to the frequencies of encountering waves, of maximum hull response to encountered waves and of maximum passenger discomfort all falling within a similar range. In this paper, the benefit obtained by fitting active T-foils and stern tabs to control heave and pitch in head waves is considered. Ship motion responses are computed by numerical integration in the time domain including unsteady control actions using a time domain, high-speed strip theory. This obviates the need to identify transfer functions, the computed time responses including nonlinear hull immersion terms. The largest passenger vertical accelerations occur at forward locations and are best controlled by a forward located T-foil acting in combination with active stern tabs. Various feedback control algorithms have been considered and it is found that pitch damping control gives the greatest improvement in passenger comfort at forward positions. Operation in adaptive and nonlinear modes so that the control deflections are maximized under all conditions give the greatest benefit and can reduce passenger motion sickness incidence (MSI) by up to 25% in a 3-mhead sea on the basis of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) recommendations for calculation of MSI for a 90-minute seaway passage.

Introduction

When the first high-speed, lightweight catamaran car ferries were developed, it quickly became apparent that motion control systems were desirable to improve passenger comfort. This was a direct consequence of the high operating Froude numbers (based on waterline length) of up to 0.75, which gave rise to heave and pitch motions in excess of the wave height and wave slope. It was also a consequence of the period of encountered waves at high speed that becomes close to the period at which passengers would experience significant motion discomfort, approximately 5-6 seconds. As a consequence, active motion controls were introduced and have been fitted to most vessels operating on routes where significant wave heights might reach or exceed approximately 3m.
Developments in Seawater Lubricated Propeller Shaft Bearings for Commercial Ships
Authors: Carter Craig D. , Ogle Ken
Published: August 2021

Early propeller shafts operated in water lubricated lignum vitae bearings and used stuffing boxes as seals at hull penetrations. The bearings, however, required regular replacement, and the stuffing boxes not ideal as seals. Around 60 years ago, new seals were developed that allowed the use of white metal bearings for propeller shafts. The technology offered a controlled environment for the bearings, which extended bearing lifespan. The weakness of the system, though, has always been the effectiveness of the seals, which must leak some amount in operation for cooling. Yet leakage into the stern tube causes oil emulsion and often catastrophic bearing failure, while leakage from the stern tube results in pollution. With even the latest sealing technologies, that weakness continues; sea pollution remains a possibility and is becoming ever-more intolerable, as witnessed by increased environmental awareness and legislation. Improvements in water lubricated material technologies have resulted in greater choice of materials, which can now offer improved and predictable bearing wear life. Progression of sealing technology has also replaced the previous troublesome packing glands. Classification Societies Rules related to water lubricated propeller shaft bearings are also undergoing revision and extended shaft withdrawal is now possible.
Transient Blade Load Determination in behind Ship Condition based on CFD
Authors: Bulten Norbert
Published: August 2021

With the aid of detailed numerical flow simulations it has become possible to determine the isolated propeller blade load during a revolution. The load fluctuation on a single propeller blade can be clearly related to the inflow velocity field. Once the time dependent load, and consequently the performance, of a single blade has been identified, knowledge can be obtained on possible overall improvement of the propeller performance. Also the impact on fatigue strength can be addressed in more detail. In this paper the propeller blade load fluctuations have been analyzed for a propeller in behind ship and in a tunnel, operating as bow thruster. The impact of the inflow to the propeller on the occurring loads will be shown. In case of tunnel thruster units, also possible actions to improve the inflow will be analyzed.
Maintenance of Propulsion Shaft Split Sleeves
Authors: Burke Tina , McCausey Roy , Norris David , Scibelli Michael , Springer Jared
Published: August 2021

This document provides a detailed description of the CG, DDG, and LHD class ships’ waterborne propulsion shafting split sleeve maintenance and repair activities. Information regarding shaft sleeve inspections, acceptance criteria, repair and/or replacement options, as well as an overview of the typical timeline to execute various maintenance activities is also addressed. Although not directly related to repair and maintenance activities, a brief overview of sleeve material composition and fabrication is also included.
Geometric Corrections for Propellers Patterns and Casting Molds
Authors: Kaplan Adam R.
Published: August 2021

Once a propeller is designed, the geometry must be produced One of the most common manufacturing methods for modern propellers is to produce a thickened casting so that the final geometry can be machined through grinding or milling. To ensure the casting will encompass the final geometry, several geometric corrections must be applied to account for the sand casting manufacturing process. The corrections provide compensation due to solidification shrinkage, solid shrinkage, machining tolerance, and distortion during cooling. The objective of this paper is to review and understand the mechanisms that result in geometric differences during the casting process. Common correction strategies will be recommended for correcting design geometry for pattern creation. Lastly, an implementation of a generalized correction methodology will be demonstrated using HydroComp PropCad, a commercial design tool for propeller geometries.
Evaluating Satisfaction in Shared Lanes as Part of Sustainable Transport Infrastructure by Using VR Technology – Evidence from Urban China
Authors: Lu Weite
Published: August 2021

The concept of sharing transport infrastructure has become increasingly prominent in the sustainable society due to limited resources in urban cities. Shared lanes where cars, electric motorcycles, and bicycles are permitted have been promoted in urban China to overcome the shortage of road space available to meet the increasing traffic demand. Based on VR video and questionnaire survey, this study has identified that the levels of satisfaction of drivers, e-motorcyclists, and cyclists are associated with the factors of traffic condition and lane characteristics among various shared lanes. Based on the analysis of data by a multinomial ordered logistic regression model, the major findings of this study are summarised as follows: (1) Satisfaction was mainly affected by lane width, lane number, lane type, and presence of parking space in the driver group. (2) Lane width, lane number, lane type, presence of parking space, speed, and lateral separation were the main factors in the e-motorcyclist group. (3) For the group of cyclists, lane width, lane number, presence of slope, presence of parking space, speed, and lateral separation were identified as the main factors. Our study will help local government officials to design more effective sustainable transport infrastructures.
Unexpected plasticity in the life cycle of Trypanosoma brucei
Authors: Schuster Sarah , Lisack Jaime , Subota Ines , Zimmermann Henriette , Reuter Christian , Mueller Tobias , Morriswood Brooke , Engstler Markus
Published: August 2021

African trypanosomes cause sleeping sickness in humans and nagana in cattle. These unicellular parasites are transmitted by the bloodsucking tsetse fly. In the mammalian host’s circulation, proliferating slender stage cells differentiate into cell cycle-arrested stumpy stage cells when they reach high population densities. This stage transition is thought to fulfil two main functions: first, it auto-regulates the parasite load in the host; second, the stumpy stage is regarded as the only stage capable of successful vector transmission. Here, we show that proliferating slender stage trypanosomes express the mRNA and protein of a known stumpy stage marker, complete the complex life cycle in the fly as successfully as the stumpy stage, and require only a single parasite for productive infection. These findings suggest a reassessment of the traditional view of the trypanosome life cycle. They may also provide a solution to a long-lasting paradox, namely the successful transmission of parasites in chronic infections, despite low parasitemia.
A new Andean treefrog (Amphibia: Hyloscirtus bogotensis group) from Ecuador: an example of community involvement for conservation
Authors: Yánez-Muñoz Mario H. , Reyes-Puig Juan Pablo , Batallas-Revelo Diego , Broaddus Callie , Urgilés-Merchán Miguel , Cisneros-Heredia Diego F. , Guayasamin Juan M.
Published: August 2021

We provide several lines of evidence to delimit a new species of Hyloscirtus and define its phylogenetic position inside the Hyloscirtus bogotensis group. The new species is the sister taxon to Hyloscirtus mashpi and is related to a clade formed by H. alytolylax and a putative new species from the province of El Oro in, southwestern Ecuador. Hyloscirtus conscientia sp. nov. is described from the montane forests of the Mira River basin in the extreme northwestern Ecuador. The new species is characterized as follows: tympanic annulus conspicuous, tip of snout in dorsal view subacuminate, middorsal stripe formed by melanophores larger and less dense, dorsal skin with individual iridophores forming dots, scarcely distributed across dorsum. Our study also highlights the importance of the Mira River Valley as a biogeographic barrier; suggesting research efforts north and south of the valley are likely to reveal additional endemic cryptic diversity. Finally, our partnership with Reserva: The Youth Land Trust, Rainforest Trust and EcoMinga Foundation has produced a novel and meaningful way to connect young people with biodiversity discovery and habitat conservation.
Validation and analysis of the geographical origin of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels using multi-element and stable isotopes
Authors: Li Shanjia , Wang Hui , Jin Ling , White James F. , Kingsley Kathryn L. , Gou Wei , Cui Lijuan , Wang Fuxiang , Wang Zihao , Wu Guoqiang
Published: August 2021

Background

Place of origin is an important factor when determining the quality and authenticity of Angelica sinensis for medicinal use. It is important to trace the origin and confirm the regional characteristics of medicinal products for sustainable industrial development. Effectively tracing and confirming the material’s origin may be accomplished by detecting stable isotopes and mineral elements.

Methods

We studied 25 A. sinensis samples collected from three main producing areas (Linxia, Gannan, and Dingxi) in southeastern Gansu Province, China, to better identify its origin. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) to determine eight mineral elements (K, Mg, Ca, Zn, Cu, Mn, Cr, Al) and three stable isotopes (δ13C, δ15N, δ18O). Principal component analysis (PCA), partial least square discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were used to verify the validity of its geographical origin.

Results

K, Ca/Al, δ13C, δ15N and δ18O are important elements to distinguish A. sinensis sampled from Linxia, Gannan and Dingxi. We used an unsupervised PCA model to determine the dimensionality reduction of mineral elements and stable isotopes, which could distinguish the A. sinensis from Linxia. However, it could not easily distinguish A. sinensis sampled from Gannan and Dingxi. The supervised PLS-DA and LDA models could effectively distinguish samples taken from all three regions and perform cross-validation. The cross-validation accuracy of PLS-DA using mineral elements and stable isotopes was 84%, which was higher than LDA using mineral elements and stable isotopes.

Conclusions

The PLS-DA and LDA models provide a theoretical basis for tracing the origin of A. sinensis in three regions (Linxia, Gannan and Dingxi). This is significant for protecting consumers’ health, rights and interests.
Genome-wide analysis of the lignin toolbox formorusand the roles of lignin related genes in response to zinc stress
Authors: Chao Nan , Yu Ting , Hou Chong , Liu Li , Zhang Lin
Published: August 2021

Mulberry (Morus, Moraceae) is an important economic plant with nutritional, medicinal, and ecological values. Lignin in mulberry can affect the quality of forage and the saccharification efficiency of mulberry twigs. The availability of theMorus notabilisgenome makes it possible to perform a systematic analysis of the genes encoding the 11 protein families specific to the lignin branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway, providing the core genes for thelignin toolboxin mulberry. We performed genome-wide screening, which was combined withde novotranscriptome data forMorus notabilisandMorus albavarietyFengchi, to identify putative members of the lignin gene families followed by phylogenetic and expression profile analyses. We focused onbona fideclade genes and their response to zinc stress were further distinguished based on expression profiles using RNA-seq and RT-qPCR. We finally identified 31bona fidegenes inMorus notabilisand 25bona fidegenes inFengchi. The putative function of thesebona fidegenes was proposed, and a lignin toolbox that comprised 19 genes inmulberrywas provided, which will be convenient for researchers to explore and modify the monolignol biosynthesis pathway in mulberry. We also observed changes in the expression of some of these lignin biosynthetic genes in response to stress caused by excess zinc inFengchiand proposed that the enhanced lignin biosynthesis in lignified organs and inhibition of lignin biosynthesis in leaf is an important response to zinc stress in mulberry.
Factors Predicting the Outcome of Noninvasive Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Failure Secondary to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Exacerbation
Authors: Selvam Pugazhendhi , Suriyan Subramani , Yanamadala Rowhit , Manimohan Rathish , Pagadal Vandhana , Hareendran Anuthara
Published: August 2021

Introduction: Non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation (NIV) is a better alternative for treating respiratory failures of any cause compared to invasive ventilation. Various factors influence the outcomes of patients treated with NIV in acute respiratory failure secondary to Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD). Aim: To determine the possible early predictors and associated factors influencing the outcome of NIV in acute respiratory failure due to COPD patients. Materials and Methods: This was hospital-based observational study undertaken at SRM Medical Hospital and Research Centre in the Respiratory Medicine Department, after obtaining ethical clearance and informed patient consent. All patients with COPD exacerbation were admitted to the respiratory medicine ward. An Arterial Blood Gas (ABG) analysis was carried out, and those patients with type 2 respiratory failure were included in the study. This study included 42 patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to COPD requiring NIV. Data of patient's ABG parameter, heart rate, blood pressure, and respiratory rate baseline values were noted and at an interval of one hour, six hours, and every 24 hours were recorded. The outcome was divided into two categories depending upon whether patients improved or required invasive ventilation. Data were entered in Microsoft Excel datasheet and was analysed using Statistical Package For The Social Sciences (SPSS) 22 version software. Results: Of 42 patients, 30 (71.42%) were treated successfully with NIV, while 12(28.57%) required invasive ventilation and were declared NIV failure (requiring invasive ventilation). Among the patients, it was observed that patients with mean age >60 years, BMI >26.5, baseline pH <7.2, PaCO2 >78, heart rate >120, respiratory rate >40, co-morbidities and infective exacerbation were requiring invasive ventilation. It was also observed that among the failure category patients treated with conventional Spontaneous and Timed (S/T) mode showed more failure rates than Average Volume Assured Pressure Support (AVAPS) S/T mode. Conclusion: Patients with acute respiratory failure secondary to COPD responds well to NIV. The baseline pH, PaCO2, HR and Respiratory Rate (RR) before initiation of NIV predicts outcome. Also, age, BMI, associated comorbidities and mode of NIV predicts the outcome.
A Rare Case of Giant Dacryocystomucopyocele
Authors: Jain Pooja R , Tiwari Rohit P , Barot Rakesh K , Mane Arun , Bhatt Vaidehi D
Published: August 2021

Chronic dacryocystitis is frequently caused by Naso Lacrimal Duct (NLD) infection or obstruction. Mucocele is formed when chronic stagnation of tears occurs in the lacrimal sac. When mucocoele gets infected with pyogenic organisms, pyocele is formed. Proximal obstruction in mucopyocele causing encysted dacryocystomucopyocele presenting as an enormous swelling is very uncommon. Very few cases of giant encysted dacryocystomucopyocele are reported in literature. The authors report a 42-year-old male with an acquired, enormous dacryocystomucopyocele, which developed over only one and half years and produced upward displacement of the lower lid and mechanical obstruction for eye closure. Computed tomography of orbit and paranasal sinuses was done to confirm the diagnosis and find out the extent of cyst. Complete surgical excision of the cyst was performed. There was no recurrence of the swelling at last follow-up at 1 year.
Dietary Diversity Choices of Women: Evidence from Cassava Farming Households in Nigeria
Authors: Otekunrin Oluwaseun A. , Otekunrin Olutosin A.
Published: August 2021

In this study, we examined dietary diversity of women in cassava farming households of South-West, Nigeria. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used to collect data on 352 farming households comprising 212 women members (158 women of child-bearing age (20-49 years) and 54 women above 49 years) between December 2019 and March 2020 in Oyo and Ogun States of South-West, Nigeria. The Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) questionnaire was adapted and used to obtain the dietary diversity scores (DDS) of women of child bearing age over a 24-hour recall period. The individual version of the Household dietary diversity questionnaire was adapted and used to obtain the DDS of women above 49 years. Separate logistic regression models were fitted to determine the influence of selected variables on the dietary diversity of the two categories of women. Our results show that more than half of the women (55.1%) in the child-bearing category (20-49 years) did not attain the minimum score of 5 out of 10 food groups. In the older women category (> 49 years), more than half of the women (68.5%) met the required 4 or more food groups. In the child-bearing age category, the odds of attaining the minimum dietary diversity level were 0.04% smaller with an additional increase in transport cost. Also, women who had female household heads were approximately three times more likely to attain the minimum dietary diversity level than women who did not have female household heads. In the older women category, the odds of attaining the minimum dietary diversity level were 98.9% smaller for women with good road condition than for women with poor road condition. These results are useful for evidence-based decision making that can have positive impact on the lives of women in cassava farming households.
The Effect of Different Types of Fish on Physical Characteristic of Fish Meatball
Authors: Andhikawati Aulia , Akbarsyah Nora
Published: August 2021

Mince fish can be made into a gel-based product. One of the gel-based products is fish ball. Making fish balls can use economical fish to add value to a product. This study aims to determine the differences in the physical characteristics of fish balls with the use of different types of fishThe treatment in this study is to use different types of fish. The types of fish used were Tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus) and Mackerel (Restrelliger sp) Other additional ingredients are tapioca flour and seasoning fo making fish ball. The calculating in this study is the yield of fish fillets (skinless) and physical characteristics of product. The results of this study showed that the yield value of tilapia fish fillet is 33, 76% with the number of meatballs produced is 9-13 meatballs. While the yield of mackerel fillet was 49.29% with the number of meatballs produced as many as 24-29 meatballs. The characteristic value of the appearance of the tilapia fish ball is 8 while the mackerel meatball is 7.6. The aroma value of tilapia and mackerel fish balls were 7.4 respectively. Texture value in tilapia fish meatballs is higher than mackerel meatballs, which is 8.2.
Evaluation of the Availability and Utilization of Visual and Audio Instructional Resources in Public and Private Primary Schools in Rivers State
Authors: Godfrey-Kalio I. A. , Osiri-Eme I. F.
Published: August 2021

This study evaluated the availability and utilization of visual and audio instructional resources in public and private primary schools in Rivers State, Nigeria. Two research questions were stated to guide the study. The research design used for the study was an ex-post facto design. The population of the study comprised of eight thousand, two hundred and ninety-eight (8,298) teachers in public and private primary schools. A multi-stage sampling technique was used. A sample size of one thousand six hundred and sixty (1,660) teachers were used for the study. Checklist titled Availability and Utilization of Instructional Resources (AUIRC) was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics (percentages, mean and standard deviation) was used for data analysis. The result revealed that, availability and utilization of instructional resources is relatively low in public schools and high in private schools. Conclusion was drawn in line with the result of the study. It was therefore recommended that the Ministry of Education in Rivers State through relevant agencies should organize regular orientation/workshops on the improvisation and utilization of instructional resources in order to enhance effective teaching and learning in primary schools.
The difficulty of teaching adults to recognize referential ambiguity in children's testimony: The influence of explicit instruction and sample questions
Authors: Wylie Breanne E. , Gongola Jennifer , Lyon Thomas D. , Evans Angela D.
Published: August 2021

Adults often fail to recognize the ambiguity of children's unelaborated responses to “Do you know/remember (DYK/R) if/whether” questions. Two studies examined whether sample questions and/or an explicit instruction would improve adults' ability to recognize referential ambiguity in children's testimony. In Study 1 (N = 383), participants rarely recognized referential ambiguity in the sample questions or in children's testimony, and answering sample questions had no influence on their ability to detect ambiguity in children's testimony. Study 2 (N = 363) attempted to clarify the meaning of ambiguity for participants with explicit instructions. Results revealed that although an explicit instruction improved performance on sample questions, this also led to an overcorrection, and instructions and sample questions only modestly improved adults' ability to recognize referential ambiguity in children's testimony. Ultimately, the absence of an effective strategy for alerting adults to the problem of referential ambiguity highlights the dangers of DYK/R if/whether questions.