bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Fluid Processes of Wolframite-Quartz Vein Systems: Progresses and Challenges
Authors: Ni Pei , Li Wen-Sheng , Pan Jun-Yi , Cui Jian-Ming , Zhang Kai-Han , Gao Yan
Published: February 2022

Wolframite-quartz vein-type tungsten deposits constitute the world’s major tungsten resources and are integral to tungsten production. A major share of this mineralization product is found in Southeast China, with other significant resources in the Central Andean belt, the East Australian belt, the Karagwe-Ankole belt and the European Variscan belt. In the past few decades, extensive studies on wolframite-quartz vein-type tungsten deposits have been conducted, but many key questions concerning their ore-forming fluid and metallogenic mechanism remain unclear. Additionally, a summary work on the global distribution and fluid characteristics of these wolframite-quartz vein-type tungsten deposits is still lacking. In this contribution, recent progress regarding several major issues related to the fluid processes involved in the forming of these veins are overviewed, and challenges in terms of future research are proposed. These issues include the nature of ore-forming fluids, their sources, and their transportation and wolframite deposition mechanisms. In particular, the affinity between veins and the exposed granitic intrusion from the Zhangtiantang-Xihuashan ore district, where an as-yet undiscovered deep intrusion, rather than the exposed granitic intrusion, was probably responsible for the formation of the wolframite-quartz veins, is reevaluated. This study also reviews the existing fluid and melt inclusion data from several tungsten deposits to address whether the mineralization potential of the magmatic-hydrothermal systems was directly correlated with the metal contents in the granitic melts and the exsolving fluids.
Effect and Mechanism of CaO on Iron Recovery and Desulfurization by Reduction Roasting-Magnetic Separation of High-Sulfur Cyanide Tailings
Authors: Li Zhengyao , Wei Jinzhi , Liu Na , Sun Tichang , Wang Xuewen
Published: February 2022

The increasing demand for iron ore in the world causes the continuous exhaustion of mineral resources. The utilization of iron in secondary resources has become of focus. The present study was carried out to recover iron from high-sulfur cyanide tailings by coal-based reduction roasting-magnetic separation. The mechanism of CaO to increase iron recovery and reduce sulfur was investigated by observing CO and CO2 gas composition produced by the reaction, mineral composition and microstructure, distribution characteristics of sulfur, and the intercalation relationship between iron particles and gangue minerals. The results showed that the addition of CaO could increase the gasification rate of the reducing agent, increase the amount of CO2 gas produced, promote the reduction of iron minerals, and improve the metallization degree of iron. When CaO was not added, sulfur was mainly transformed into troilite, which was closely connected with iron particles and was difficult to remove by grinding and magnetic separation. With the addition of CaO, CaO preferentially formed oldhamite with active sulfur, which reduced the formation of troilite. Oldhamite was basically distributed in an independent gangue structure. There was a clear boundary between iron particles and gangue minerals. Oldhamite could be removed by grinding-magnetic separation.
Evaluation of Vibration Effect Caused by Carbon Dioxide Phase-Transition Fracturing Based on the Hilbert–Huang Transform
Authors: Li Baolin , Wang Enyuan , Hu Shaobin , Muhammad Ali
Published: February 2022

To evaluate the vibration effect caused by carbon dioxide phase-transition fracturing, the Hilbert–Huang transform was used to study the change of vibration energy with distance in different frequency bands. The results are drawn as follows: (1) The peak particle velocity (PPV) decreases as a power function with an increase in distance and has fallen below 25 mm/s at 2.8 m. (2) The energy of vibration signals induced by carbon dioxide phase-transition fracturing is mainly distributed at the frequency band of 10–50 Hz. With the increase in distance, the energy distribution of vibration signals falls in four phases: Propagation to high frequency (0–13.9 m); a rapid high-frequency energy decrease (20–30 m); energy fluctuation (30–47.2 m) and a stable energy distribution (larger than 50 m). (3) The proportion of the low-frequency vibration energy (0–10 Hz) increases as a result of the increase in distance (less than 8.7 m), which should be paid more attention.
Enhanced Inhibition of Drug-Resistant Escherichia coli by Tetracycline Hydrochloride-Loaded Multipore Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles
Authors: Ye Zhumiao , Wang Shaochen , Xu Yuelong , Zhang Jianhao , Yan Wenjing
Published: February 2022

Drug-resistant bacterial infections exhibit a major threat to public health. Thus, exploring a novel antibacterial with efficient inhibition is urgently needed. Herein, this paper describes three types of MSNs (MSNs-FC2-R1, MSNs-FC2-R0.75, MSNs-FC2-R0.5) with controllable pore size (4–6 nm) and particle size (30–90 nm) that were successfully prepared. The MSNs were loaded with tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) for effective inhibition of Escherichia coli (ATCC25922) and TCH-resistant Escherichia coli (MQ776). Results showed that the loading capacity of TCH in three types of MSNs was as high as over 500 mg/g, and the cumulative release was less than 33% in 60 h. The inhibitory rate of MSNs-FC2-R0.5 loaded with TCH against E. coli and drug-resistant E. coli reached 99.9% and 92.9% at the concentration of MIC, respectively, compared with the other two types of MSNs or free TCH. Modified MSNs in our study showed a great application for long-term bacterial growth inhibition.
Effect of the Terminal Acceptor Unit on the Performance of Non-Fullerene Indacenodithiophene Acceptors in Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Terenti Natalia , Giurgi Gavril-Ionel , Szolga Lorant , Stroia Ioan , Terec Anamaria , Grosu Ion , Crișan Andreea Petronela
Published: February 2022

Four acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A)-type molecules bearing indacenodithiophene as donating central core and various end-capping acceptor units have been designed and synthesised as n-type materials suitable for organic solar cells (OSCs). The studied optical and electrochemical properties supported by theoretical calculations revealed that the nature and the strength of the terminal groups exert a decisive influence on the polymer bulk-heterojunction OSC performance.
Computational Design of Single-Peptide Nanocages with Nanoparticle Templating
Authors: Villegas José A. , Sinha Nairiti J. , Teramoto Naozumi , Von Bargen Christopher D. , Pochan Darrin J. , Saven Jeffery G.
Published: February 2022

Protein complexes perform a diversity of functions in natural biological systems. While computational protein design has enabled the development of symmetric protein complexes with spherical shapes and hollow interiors, the individual subunits often comprise large proteins. Peptides have also been applied to self-assembly, and it is of interest to explore such short sequences as building blocks of large, designed complexes. Coiled-coil peptides are promising subunits as they have a symmetric structure that can undergo further assembly. Here, an α-helical 29-residue peptide that forms a tetrameric coiled coil was computationally designed to assemble into a spherical cage that is approximately 9 nm in diameter and presents an interior cavity. The assembly comprises 48 copies of the designed peptide sequence. The design strategy allowed breaking the side chain conformational symmetry within the peptide dimer that formed the building block (asymmetric unit) of the cage. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques showed that one of the seven designed peptide candidates assembled into individual nanocages of the size and shape. The stability of assembled nanocages was found to be sensitive to the assembly pathway and final solution conditions (pH and ionic strength). The nanocages templated the growth of size-specific Au nanoparticles. The computational design serves to illustrate the possibility of designing target assemblies with pre-determined specific dimensions using short, modular coiled-coil forming peptide sequences.
Deeper Insight into the Volatile Profile of Rosa willmottiae with Headspace Solid-Phase Microextraction and GC–MS Analysis
Authors: Jiao Ruifang , Gao Ping , Gao Xinfen
Published: February 2022

As the distribution center of Rosa in the world, China has abundant wild germplasm resources, which can contribute to the breeding of modern roses. To explore the potential value of wild roses distributed in the Sichuan–Tibet region, solid phase microextraction (SPME) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) were used to determine the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Rosa willmottiae flowers at three flowering stages (bud stage, initial flowering stage, full flowering stage). Meanwhile, we compared the VOCs of R. willmottiae with different phenotypes (double flowers and single flowers). A total of 74 volatile compounds were identified. The results show that the essential substances belong to alcohols and terpenoids. The main volatile organic compounds are 2-phenyl ethanol (20.49%), benzyl alcohol (10.69%), β-maaliene (8.66%), geranyl acetate (8.47%), and (+)-α-long pinene (6.127%). Different flowering stages had great influence on the volatile profile, from the bud stage to full flowering stage; the content of terpenoids released decreased by 6.17%, whereas alcohols and esters increased by 8.58% and 11.56%, respectively. The chemical diversity and the content of the main components with a different phenotype were not significantly different. Our result will provide a theoretical basis for the development and utilization of Rosa willmottiae in Sichuan and Tibet.
Practical Synthesis of Phosphinic Dipeptides by Tandem Esterification of Aminophosphinic and Acrylic Acids under Silylating Conditions
Authors: Kokkala Paraskevi , Voreakos Kostas , Lelis Angelos , Patiniotis Konstantinos , Skoulikas Nikolaos , Devel Laurent , Ziotopoulou Angeliki , Kaloumenou Eleni , Georgiadis Dimitris
Published: February 2022

In this report, a synthetic protocol for the preparation of phosphinic dipeptides of type 5 is presented. These compounds serve as valuable building blocks for the development of highly potent phosphinopeptidic inhibitors of medicinally relevant Zn-metalloproteases and aspartyl proteases. The proposed method is based on the tandem esterification of α-aminophosphinic and acrylic acids under silylating conditions in order to subsequently participate in a P-Michael reaction. The scope of the transformation was investigated by using a diverse set of readily available acrylic acids and (R)-α-aminophosphinic acids, and high yields were achieved in all cases. In most examples reported herein, the isolation of biologically relevant (R,S)-diastereoisomers became possible by simple crystallization from the crude products, thus enhancing the operational simplicity of the proposed method. Finally, functional groups corresponding to acidic or basic natural amino acids are also compatible with the reaction conditions. Based on the above, we expect that the practicality of the proposed protocol will facilitate the discovery of pharmacologically useful bioactive phosphinic peptides.
Modulation by Phosphonium Ions of the Activity of Mitotropic Agents Based on the Chemiluminescence of Luminols
Authors: Rodríguez-Muñiz Gemma M. , Mikroulis Theodoros , Pantelia Anna , Rotas Georgios , Cuquerella Maria-Consuelo , Vougioukalakis Georgios C. , Miranda Miguel A.
Published: February 2022

Mitochondria-targeting drugs and diagnostics are used in the monitoring and treatment of mitochondrial pathologies. In this respect, a great number of functional compounds have been made mitotropic by covalently attaching the active moiety onto a triphenylphosphonium (TPP) cation. Among these compounds, a number of molecular detectors for reactive oxygen species (ROS) are based on fluorescent and chemiluminescent probes. In this regard, luminol (probably the most widely known chemiluminescent molecule) has been employed for a number of biological applications, including ROS detection. Its oxidation under specific conditions triggers a cascade of reactions, ultimately leading to the excited 3-aminophthalate (3AP *), which emits light upon deactivation. Hence, the photophysical interaction between the light-emitting species 3AP * and TPP cations needs to be evaluated, as it can add valuable information on the design of novel emission-based mitotropic systems. We herein investigate the quenching effect of ethyltriphenylphosphonium cation onto substituted 3-aminophthalates. These were prepared in situ upon hydrolysis of the corresponding anhydrides, which were synthesized from 3-aminophthalimides. Steady-state fluorescence and time-resolved experiments were employed for the evaluation of a possible electron transfer quenching by phosphonium ions. Our experimental results confirmed such quenching, suggesting it is mainly dynamic in nature. A minor contribution of static quenching that was also detected is attributed to complex formation in the ground state. Accordingly, the chemiluminescence of luminol was indeed strongly reduced in the presence of phosphonium ions. Our results have to be taken into account during the design of new chemiluminescent mitotropic drugs or diagnostic agents of the luminol family.
Propylsulfonic Acid-Functionalized Mesostructured Natural Rubber/Silica Nanocomposites as Promising Hydrophobic Solid Catalysts for Alkyl Levulinate Synthesis
Authors: Chaowamalee Supphathee , Yan Ning , Ngamcharussrivichai Chawalit
Published: February 2022

Organosulfonic acid-functionalized mesoporous silica is a class of heterogeneous acid catalysts used in esterification processes due to its high surface area, shape-selective properties, and strongly acidic sites. Since water is generated as a by-product of esterification, the surface of mesostructured silica is modified to enhance hydrophobicity and catalytic performance. In this study, a series of propylsulfonic acid-functionalized nanocomposites based on natural rubber and hexagonal mesoporous silica (NRHMS-SO3H) with different acidities were prepared via an in situ sol-gel process using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silica source, dodecylamine as the nonionic templating agent, and (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane as the acid-functional group precursor. Compared with conventional propylsulfonic acid-functionalized hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS-SO3H), NRHMS-SO3H provided higher hydrophobicity, while retaining mesoporosity and high surface area. The catalytic activity of synthesized solid acids was then evaluated via batch esterification of levulinic acid (LA) with alcohols (ethanol, n-propanol, and n-butanol) to produce alkyl levulinate esters. NRHMS-SO3H exhibited higher catalytic activity than HMS-SO3H and ultra-stable Y (HUSY) zeolite owing to the synergistic effect between the strongly acidic-functional group and surface hydrophobicity. The activation energy of the reaction over the NRHMS-SO3H surface was lower than that of HUSY and HMS-SO3H, suggesting that tuning the hydrophobicity and acidity on a nanocomposite surface is a compelling strategy for energy reduction to promote catalysis.
Effects of the Operating Ambiance and Active Layer Treatments on the Performance of Magnesium Fluoride Based Bipolar RRAM
Authors: Das Nayan C. , Kim Minjae , Kwak Dong-uk , Rani Jarnardhanan R. , Hong Sung-Min , Jang Jae-Hyung
Published: February 2022

This study investigates switching characteristics of the magnesium fluoride (MgFx)-based bipolar resistive random-access memory (RRAM) devices at different operating ambiances (open-air and vacuum). Operating ambiances alter the elemental composition of the amorphous MgFx active layer and Ti/MgFx interface region, which affects the overall device performance. The experimental results indicate that filament type resistive switching takes place at the interface of Ti/MgFx and trap-controlled space charge limited conduction (SCLC) mechanisms is dominant in both the low and high resistance states in the bulk MgFx layer. RRAM device performances at different operating ambiances are also altered by MgFx active layer treatments (air exposure and annealing). Devices show the better uniformity, stability, and a higher on/off current ratio in vacuum compared to an open-air environment. The Ti/MgFx/Pt memory devices have great potential for future vacuum electronic applications.
Micro-Nanometer Particle Composition and Functional Design of Surface Nano-Structured Ammonium Polyphosphate and Its Application in Intumescent Flame-Retardant Polypropylene
Authors: Wu Xiaolu , Qin Zhaolu , Zhang Xiang , Yu Zhenfei , Zhang Wenchao , Yang Rongjie , Li Dinghua
Published: February 2022

A novel composite and functional micro-nanometer particle is designed by the hydrolysis of aluminium isopropoxide on the surface of ammonium polyphosphate (APP) to prepare surface nanostructured ammonium polyphosphate (NSAPP). NSAPP is characterised by XPS, XRF, SEM, water solubility tests, and TGA. Results indicate that nanosized aluminium hydroxide is deposited on the surface of NSAPP, which enhanced its water resistance and thermostability. Then, APP and NSAPP coupled with dipentaerythritol (DPER) is used for the flame retardant of polypropylene (PP). The limiting oxygen index (LOI) value of the PP/DPER/NSAPP composite is higher than that of PP/DPER/APP. Besides, the UL 94 vertical burning test of PP/DPER/NSAPP composites can reach the V-0 rating easily. According to the study of the combustion behaviour of FR-PP composites, NSAPP contributes to form a dense and multi-layered char in the combustion process. Thus, such an intumescent char with a ceramic-like, continuous, and dense structure over the PP matrix protects the underlying matrix and enhances the thermal stability of the condensed phase, thereby improving the flame retardant performance of FR-PP.
Strategy for Conjugating Oligopeptides to Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles Using Diazirine-Based Heterobifunctional Linkers
Authors: Khan Md Arif , Ghanim Ramy W. , Kiser Maelyn R. , Moradipour Mahsa , Rogers Dennis T. , Littleton John M. , Bradley Luke H. , Lynn Bert C. , Rankin Stephen E. , Knutson Barbara L.
Published: February 2022

Successful strategies for the attachment of oligopeptides to mesoporous silica with pores large enough to load biomolecules should utilize the high surface area of pores to provide an accessible, protective environment. A two-step oligopeptide functionalization strategy is examined here using diazirine-based heterobifunctional linkers. Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNPs) with average pore diameter of ~8 nm and surface area of ~730 m2/g were synthesized and amine-functionalized. Tetrapeptides Gly-Gly-Gly-Gly (GGGG) and Arg-Ser-Ser-Val (RSSV), and a peptide comprised of four copies of RSSV (4RSSV), were covalently attached via their N-terminus to the amine groups on the particle surface by a heterobifunctional linker, sulfo-succinimidyl 6-(4,4′-azipentanamido)hexanoate (sulfo-NHS-LC-diazirine, or SNLD). SNLD consists of an amine-reactive NHS ester group and UV-activable diazirine group, providing precise control over the sequence of attachment steps. Attachment efficiency of RSSV was measured using fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-tagged RSSV (RSSV-FITC). TGA analysis shows similar efficiency (0.29, 0.31 and 0.26 mol peptide/mol amine, respectively) for 4G, RSSV and 4RSSV, suggesting a generalizable method of peptide conjugation. The technique developed here for the conjugation of peptides to MSNPs provides for their attachment in pores and can be translated to selective peptide-based separation and concentration of therapeutics from aqueous process and waste streams.
Optimization and Characterization of Electrodeposited Cadmium Selenide on Monocrystalline Silicon
Authors: Giurlani Walter , Vizza Martina , Leonardi Antonio Alessio , Lo Faro Maria Josè , Irrera Alessia , Innocenti Massimo
Published: February 2022

In this work, the optimal conditions for the electrodeposition of a CdSe film on n-Si were demonstrated. The structural and optical properties of the bare films and after annealing were studied. In particular, the crystallinity and photoluminescence of the samples were evaluated, and after annealing at 400 °C under a nitrogen atmosphere, a PL increase by almost an order of magnitude was observed. This paper opens the route towards the use of electrochemical deposition as a cost-effective and easy fabrication approach that can be used to integrate other interesting materials in the silicon-manufacturing processes for the realization of optoelectronic devices.
A Novel Synthesis of ZnO Nanoflower Arrays Using a Lift-Off Technique with Different Thicknesses of Al Sacrificial Layers on a Patterned Sapphire Substrate
Authors: Tseng Hsien-Wei , Wang Ching-Shan , Wang Fang-Hsing , Liu Han-Wen , Yang Cheng-Fu
Published: February 2022

A novel method to synthesize large-scale ZnO nanoflower arrays using a protrusion patterned ZnO seed layer was investigated. Different thicknesses of aluminum (Al) film were deposited on the concave patterned sapphire substrate as a sacrificial layer. ZnO gel was layered onto the Al film as a seed layer and OE-6370HF AB optical glue was used as the adhesive material. A lift-off technique was used to transfer the protrusion patterned ZnO/AB glue seed layer to a P-type Si <100> wafer. The hydrothermal method using Zn(CH3COO)2 and C6H12N4 solutions as liquid precursors was used to synthesize ZnO nanoflower arrays on the patterned seed layer. X-ray diffraction spectra, field-effect scanning electron microscopy, focused ion beam milling (for obtaining cross-sectional views), and photoluminescence (PL) spectrometry were used to analyze the effects that different synthesis times and different thicknesses of Al sacrificial layer had on the properties of ZnO nanoflower arrays. These effects included an increased diameter, and a decreased height, density (i.e., number of nanorods in μm−2), total surface area, total volume, and maximum emission intensity of PL spectrum. We showed that when the synthesis time and the thickness of the Al sacrificial layer were increased, the emission intensities of the ultraviolet light and visible light had different variations.
Removal of Paracetamol from Aqueous Solutions by Photocatalytic Ozonation over TiO2-MexOy Thin Films
Authors: Avramescu Sorin Marius , Fierascu Irina , Fierascu Radu Claudiu , Brazdis Roxana Ioana , Nica Angel Vasile , Butean Claudia , Olaru Elena Alina , Ulinici Sorin , Verziu Marian Nicolae , Dumitru Anca
Published: February 2022

Analgesics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as paracetamol, diclofenac, and ibuprofen are frequently encountered in surface and ground water, thereby posing a significant risk to aquatic ecosystems. Our study reports the catalytic performances of nanosystems TiO2-MexOy (Me = Ce, Sn) prepared by the sol-gel method and deposited onto glass slides by a dip-coating approach in the removal of paracetamol from aqueous solutions by catalytic ozonation. The effect of catalyst type and operation parameters on oxidation efficiency was assessed. In addition to improving this process, the present work simplifies it by avoiding the difficult step of catalyst separation. It was found that the thin films were capable of removing all pollutants from target compounds to the oxidation products.
Nanofluid Heat Transfer: Enhancement of the Heat Transfer Coefficient inside Microchannels
Authors: Apmann Kevin , Fulmer Ryan , Scherer Branden , Good Sawyer , Wohld Jake , Vafaei Saeid
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of a connector between two microchannels, for the first time. A brief literature review is provided to offer a better understanding on the impacts of concentration and the characteristics of nanoparticles on thermal conductivity, viscosity, and, consequently, the heat transfer coefficient inside the microchannels. The given literature review aims to help engineer nanofluids to enhance the heat transfer coefficient inside the microchannels. In this research, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were introduced into the base liquid to enhance the heat transfer coefficient inside the microchannels and to provide a better understanding of the impact of the connector between two microchannels. It was observed that the connector has a significant impact on enhancing the heat transfer coefficient inside the second microchannel, by increasing the level of randomness of molecules and particles prior to entering the second channel. The connector would act to refresh the memory of the fluid before entering the second channel, and as a result, the heat transfer coefficient in the second channel would start at a maximum value. Therefore, the overall heat transfer coefficient in both microchannels would increase for given conditions. The impacts of the Reynolds number and introducing nanoparticles in the base liquid on effects induced by the connector were investigated, suggesting that both factors play a significant role on the connector’s impact on the heat transfer coefficient.
Spherical Confinement of Chromonics: Effects of a Chiral Aminoacid
Authors: Spina Lorenza , Ciuchi Federica , Tone Caterina Maria , Barberi Riccardo , De Santo Maria Penelope
Published: February 2022

Induced or spontaneous chirality in natural systems is an intriguing issue. In recent years, a lot of attention has been focused on chirality of chromonic liquid crystals, a class of materials that is able to self-assemble in columnar structures. However, the mechanism involved in the arising of chirality in these materials, that starts at the molecular level and controls the supramolecular structure, is poorly understood; however, it is certainly affected by ionic strength. In this work we present the results obtained doping Cromolyn, a chromonic material, with a strong helical-twisting-power peptide, and confining it in a spherical geometry. We demonstrate, by means of optical polarized microscopy and structural analysis, that both the geometrical constraint and the presence of the chiral dopant enhance the chiral effect; we also demonstrate that they favor the rise of a highly ordered helical superstructure, that may be optimized upon adding an ionic dye to the system. Finally, we report a procedure for the preparation of free-standing polymeric films, embedding and preserving the microspheres, and paving the way for the creation of biocompatible and eco-friendly optical devices to be used in the sensor and anticounterfeiting fields.
Interdependent Transcription of a Natural Sense/Antisense Transcripts Pair (SLC34A1/PFN3)
Authors: Zinad Hany , Sae-Lee Chanachai , Ariza-Mateos Maria , Adamson Grace , Khazeem Mushtaq , Knox Amber , Chung Git , Mann Jelena , Werner Andreas
Published: February 2022

Natural antisense transcripts (NATs) constitute a significant group of regulatory, long noncoding RNAs. They are prominently expressed in testis but are also detectable in other organs. NATs are transcribed at low levels and co-expressed with related protein coding sense transcripts. Nowadays NATs are generally considered as regulatory, long noncoding RNAs without closer focus on the inevitable interference between sense and antisense expression. This work describes a cellular system where sense and antisense transcription of a specific locus (SLC34A1/PFN3) is induced using epigenetic modifiers and CRISPR-Cas9. The renal cell lines HEK293 and HKC-8 do not express SLC34A1/PFN3 under normal culture conditions. Five-day exposure to dexamethasone significantly stimulates sense transcript (SLC34A1) levels and antisense (PFN3) minimally; the effect is only seen in HEK293 cells. Enhanced expression is paralleled by reduced sense promoter methylation and an increase in activating histone marks. Expression is further modulated by cassettes that stimulate the expression of sense or antisense transcript but disrupt protein coding potential. Constitutive expression of a 5′-truncated SLC34A1 transcript increases sense expression independent of dexamethasone induction but also stimulates antisense expression. Concordant expression is confirmed with the antisense knock-in that also enhances sense expression. The antisense effect acts on transcription in cis since transient transfection with sense or antisense constructs fails to stimulate the expression of the opposite transcript. These results suggest that bi-directional transcription of the SLC34A1/PFN3 locus has a stimulatory influence on the expression of the opposite transcript involving epigenetic changes of the promoters. In perspective of extensive, previous research into bi-directionally transcribed SLC34A loci, the findings underpin a hypothesis where NATs display different biological roles in soma and germ cells. Accordingly, we propose that in somatic cells, NATs act like lncRNAs–with the benefit of close proximity to a potential target gene. In germ cells, however, recent evidence suggests different biological roles for NATs that require RNA complementarity and double-stranded RNA formation.
Kidney Function Worsening Is Linked to Parenteral-Nutrition-Dependent Survival in Palliative Care Patients
Authors: Kum Lea , Friedrich Alexander , Kieler Markus , Meyer Elias , Popov Petar , Kössler Paul , Kitta Anna , Adamidis Feroniki , Oberle Raimund , Masel Eva Katharina , Unseld Matthias
Published: February 2022

Background. Parenteral nutrition (PN) is frequently administered in palliative care patients suffering from cachexia. The evidence regarding the use of PN in terminally ill patients is scarce. Routine laboratory parameters might help to decide whether to start or forgo PN, which could decrease overtreatment at the end of life. Kidney failure was frequently associated with survival. However, a relation between kidney function parameters and parenteral nutrition has not been observed thus far. The aim of this retrospective cohort study was to analyze kidney function parameters in palliative care patients under PN, as well as the relation between these parameters and overall survival. Methods. Patients who were admitted to the Department of Palliative Medicine at the Medical University of Vienna were screened for PN treatment. Whether kidney function parameters at baseline or their dynamics over the course of two weeks were associated with survival was assessed with descriptive and interferential statistics. Results. In total, 113 of 443 palliative care patients were administered parenteral nutrition for the first time. The overall survival (OS) for all patients with increased kidney function parameters at baseline was lower (creatinine: hazard ratio (HR) = 1.808, p < 0.001; urea: HR = 1.033, p < 0.001; uric acid HR = 1.055, p = 0.015). No significant increase in creatinine blood levels was observed in the first 2 weeks after the initiation of PN when compared to the non-PN group (p = 0.86). However, if creatinine blood levels increased within the PN group, lower overall survival was found (HR = 2.046, p = 0.007). Conclusion. Increased kidney function parameters, such as creatinine, urea and uric acid, might be used as negative prognostic markers in palliative care patients under PN. Moreover, an increase in creatinine during the administration of parenteral nutrition in the first 2 weeks is linked to worse outcomes. These findings may help future studies to establish objective markers for clinicians to determine whether to start or end PN in palliative cancer patients and decrease potential overtreatment at the end of life.
Are Front-of-Pack Labels a Health Policy Tool?
Authors: Muzzioli Luca , Penzavecchia Claudia , Donini Lorenzo Maria , Pinto Alessandro
Published: February 2022

To stem the increasing incidence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) and obesity, front-of-pack labels (FOPLs) have been developed since 1989. Whereas several countries have already adopted one voluntarily, the European Community wants to harmonize an FOPL system that will be mandatory for all member states. The purpose of this narrative review is to describe what could be achieved or not by FOPLs, and to discuss if there is enough evidence to establish whether such labels are effective in modifying purchasing behavior, in directing individual dietary patterns towards a healthy and sustainable diet, and in reformulating food products by the food industry. Non-directive FOPLs, which are still under study, appear to be informative and well-accepted by consumers even if they require a cognitive effort. Conversely, directive FOPLs are supported by several studies, but they are mostly conducted in simulated scenarios and/or performed as retrospective studies. Nevertheless, directive FOPLs are rated as an intuitive tool, and they have demonstrated a high capacity to help consumers rank food products as more or less healthy. In conclusion, directive and non-directive FOPLs convey different messages. No FOPL individually can be considered exhaustive in relation to all the objectives outlined in this narrative review, and therefore, the development of a model synthesizing both messages is advisable. Many questions remain open, such as the possibility of reformulating pre-packaged products, how to deal with traditional products, and the impact on the incidence of NCDs and obesity. In the light of the complexity of factors that condition consumption choices and health, none of the current FOPLs can be considered a health policy tool on its own. The possibility of development remains open, but as the state of the art, these tools do not seem to be able to achieve all the European Community goals together. We can speculate that they could meet these goals only if they are integrated into a multi-tiered, structured health policy intervention.
Neuroprotective Effect of Eco-Sustainably Extracted Grape Polyphenols in Neonatal Hypoxia-Ischemia
Authors: Roumes Hélène , Sanchez Stéphane , Benkhaled Imad , Fernandez Valentin , Goudeneche Pierre , Perrin Flavie , Pellerin Luc , Guillard Jérôme , Bouzier-Sore Anne-Karine
Published: February 2022

Polyphenols are natural compounds with promising prophylactic and therapeutic applications. However, their methods of extraction, using organic solvents, may prove to be unsuitable for daily consumption or for certain medical indications. Here, we describe the neuroprotective effects of grape polyphenols extracted in an eco-sustainable manner in a rat model of neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (NHI). Polyphenols (resveratrol, pterostilben and viniferin) were obtained using a subcritical water extraction technology to avoid organic solvents and heavy metals associated with chemical synthesis processes. A resveratrol or a polyphenol cocktail were administered to pregnant females at a nutritional dose and different time windows, prior to induction of NHI in pups. Reduced brain edema and lesion volumes were observed in rat pups whose mothers were supplemented with polyphenols. Moreover, the preservation of motor and cognitive functions (including learning and memory) was evidenced in the same animals. Our results pave the way to the use of polyphenols to prevent brain lesions and their associated deficits that follow NHI, which is a major cause of neonatal death and disabilities.
Relationships between Dairy and Calcium Intake and Mental Health Measures of Higher Education Students in the United States: Outcomes from Moderation Analyses
Authors: Du Chen , Hsiao Pao Ying , Ludy Mary-Jon , Tucker Robin M.
Published: February 2022

Background: The prevalence of mental health concerns among university students in the United States (U.S.) continues to increase, while current treatments, including medication and counseling, present shortcomings. Higher dairy and calcium intakes are associated with protective effects on mental health; however, previous studies have focused on investigating singular relationships between dairy and calcium intakes and mental health measures. A more complex exploration of these relationships is warranted to better examine whether increasing dairy and calcium intakes could serve as an intervention to improve mental health. The present study sought to further characterize the relationships between dairy and calcium intake, perceived stress, and a variety of mental health measures using linear regression and moderation analyses. Methods: The present cross-sectional study involved students studying at three large U.S. universities, and data collection occurred from April to May 2020 when students were learning remotely due to the COVID-19 pandemic. An online survey comprising validated tools was distributed among students to assess dairy and calcium intake, perceived stress, anxiety, negative and positive moods, rumination, and resilience, sleep quality and duration, dietary risk, and physical activity. Results: A total of 1233 students completed the study. Higher dairy and calcium intake was coincident with lower perceived stress and higher positive mood scores, while higher calcium intake was also coincident with lower anxiety, rumination, and higher resilience scores. Additionally, as calcium intake increased, the relationship between perceived stress and anxiety and the relationship between perceived stress and negative mood weakened. Dairy intake did not have this effect. Conclusions: Based on the results, and considering that calcium is a shortfall nutrient, universities should consider initiating programs and public health campaigns to promote dairy and calcium intake among this population.
Improved Endurance Running Performance Following Haskap Berry (Lonicera caerulea L.) Ingestion
Authors: Howatson Glyn , Snaith Gemma C. , Kimble Rachel , Cowper Gavin , Keane Karen M.
Published: February 2022

Background: Food high in (poly)phenolic compounds, such as anthocyanins, have the potential to improve exercise recovery and exercise performance. Haskap berries are rich in anthocyanins, but no research has examined the potential to improve human performance. The aim of this study was to determine the influence of Haskap berry on parameters of endurance running performance. Methods: Using a double-blind, placebo controlled, independent groups design, 30 male recreational runners (mean ± SD age, 33 ± 7 years; stature, 178.2 ± 7.2 cm; mass, 77.7 ± 10.6 kg; V˙O2peak, 52.2 ± 6.6 mL/kg/min) volunteered to participate. Following familiarisation, volunteers visited the laboratory twice (separated by seven days) to assess submaximal, maximal and 5 km time trial running performance. After the first visit, volunteers were randomly assigned to consume either the Haskap berry intervention or an isocaloric placebo control. Results: There were modest changes in heart rate and V˙O2 at submaximal intensities (p < 0.05). Time to exhaustion during the V˙O2peak test was longer in the Haskap group by 20 s (p = 0.031). Additionally, 5 km time trial performance was improved in the Haskap group by ~21 s (p = 0.016), which equated to a 0.25 km/h increase in mean running speed compared to the placebo control; this represented a >2% improvement in running performance. Conclusions: The application of this newly identified functional food to athletes has the capacity to improve endurance running performance.
Cytotoxicity of Fenugreek Sprout and Seed Extracts and Their Bioactive Constituents on MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells
Authors: Khoja Kholoud K. , Howes Melanie-Jayne R. , Hider Robert , Sharp Paul A. , Farrell Iain W. , Latunde-Dada Gladys O.
Published: February 2022

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (fenugreek), a member of the legume family (Fabaceae), is a promising source of bioactive phytochemicals, which explains its traditional use for a variety of metabolic disorders including cancer. The current study aimed to evaluate extracts of fenugreek seeds and sprouts, and some of their constituents, to compare their cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The extracts were chemically characterised using high-resolution accurate mass liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to reveal the detection of compounds assigned as flavone C-glycosides including those derived from apigenin and luteolin, in addition to isoflavones. Five different flavones or their glycosides (apigenin, vicenin-2, vitexin, luteolin and orientin) and two isoflavones (daidzein and formononetin) were quantified in the fenugreek extracts. The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay using MCF-7 cells treated with fenugreek methanolic extracts showed dose- and time-dependent effects on cell viability. The MCF-7 cancer cells treated with the fenugreek methanolic extracts also displayed increased relative mitochondrial DNA damage as well as suppressed metastasis and proliferation. This study demonstrates the potential anti-cancer effects of fenugreek seeds and sprouts and reveals fenugreek sprouts as an untapped resource for bioactive compounds.
Dietary Risk Factors for Cardiovascular Disease among Low-Income Haitian Adults: Findings from a Population-Based Cohort
Authors: Clermont Adrienne , Sufra Rodney , Pierre Jean Lookens , Mourra Michelle Nour , Fox Elizabeth L. , Rouzier Vanessa , Dade Eliezer , St-Preux Stephano , Inddy Joseph , Erline Hilaire , Obed Fleurijean Pierre , Yan Lily D. , Metz Miranda , Lee Myung Hee , Fitzgerald Daniel W. , Deschamps Marie Marcelle , Pape Jean W. , McNairy Margaret L.
Published: February 2022

Poor diets are responsible for a large burden of noncommunicable disease (NCD). The prevalence of modifiable dietary risk factors is rising in lower-income countries such as Haiti, along with increasing urbanization and shifts to diets high in sugar, salt, and fat. We describe self-reported dietary patterns (intake of fruits, vegetables, fried food, sugar-sweetened beverages, and added salt and oil) among a population-based cohort of low-income adults in Port-au-Prince and assess for associated sociodemographic factors (age, sex, income, education, body mass index). Among 2989 participants, the median age was 40 years, and 58.0% were women. Less than 1% met the World Health Organization recommendation of at least five servings/day of fruits and vegetables. Participants consumed fried food on average 1.6 days/week and sugar-sweetened beverages on average 4.7 days/week; young males of low socioeconomic status were the most likely to consume these dietary risk factors. The vast majority of participants reported usually or often consuming salt (87.1%) and oil (86.5%) added to their meals eaten at home. Our findings underscore the need for public health campaigns, particularly those targeting young males and household cooks preparing family meals at home, to improve dietary patterns in Haiti in order to address the growing NCD burden.
Understanding Neurodegeneration from a Clinical and Therapeutic Perspective in Early Diabetic Retinopathy
Authors: Fragiotta Serena , Pinazo-Durán Maria D. , Scuderi Gianluca
Published: February 2022

Recent evidence indicates that neurodegeneration is a critical element of diabetic retinopathy (DR) pathogenesis. The neuronal cells’ apoptosis contributes to microvascular impairment and blood–retinal barrier breakdown. Therefore, neurodegeneration represents an early intervention target to slow and prevent the development of microvascular alterations visible on clinical examination. Multimodal imaging features and functional assessment can permit the identification of neuronal damage in a subclinical stage before the recognition of DR signs. Clinical features of neurodegeneration are crucial in identifying patients at high risk of developing a vascular impairment and, thus, serve as outcome measures to understand the efficacy of supplementation. The optimal approach for targeting neurodegeneration contemplates the use of topical compounds that possibly act on different elements of the pathogenic cascade. To date, clinical trials available on humans tested three different topical agents, including brimonidine, somatostatin, and citicoline, with promising results.
Retention Forces of Implant-Supported Single Crowns and Fixed Dental Prostheses after Cementation: An In-Vitro Study
Authors: Bishti Shaza , Siouri Jousef , Wolfart Stefan , Tuna Taskin
Published: February 2022

The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate three different cements for their suitability to provide semi-permanent cementation, and to compare the retention forces of implant-supported single crowns (SC) and three-unit fixed dental prostheses (FDP) luted with these cements. Twenty-four methacrylate models were supplied with three implants/abutments each to simulate the condition of SCs/FDPs. Cobalt-chromium frameworks were fabricated, sandblasted (Al2O3/50 µm/0.2 MPa) then cemented with glass-ionomer (KTC), polycarboxylate (DUR) or self-adhesive resin cement (RXU). Specimens were stored in a saline-solution (NaCl/37 °C/24 h) or subjected to thermocycling. A universal testing machine and a pull-off device were used to remove the copings. The multi-factor ANOVA showed that the retention force differed significantly among all cements for the SCs after NaCl storage (p < 0.05). Mean retention forces (in Newtons) after NaCl storage were (SCs/FDPs): KTC 170/352, DUR 409/406, RXU 265/426, and after thermocycling (SCs/FDPs): KTC 156/262, DUR 306/380, RXU 494/508. FDPs showed higher retention values in comparison to SCs. For SCs, artificial aging with thermocycling resulted in a significant retention increase for RXU, whereas the retention of KTC and DUR was decreased. Glass ionomer can be used as a semi-permanent cement for both SCs and FDPs. Polycarboxylate cement is considered semi-permanent after one year of aging.
Longitudinal Monitoring of DNA Viral Loads in Transplant Patients Using Quantitative Metagenomic Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Carbo Ellen , Russcher Anne , Kraakman Margriet , de Brouwer Caroline , Sidorov Igor , Feltkamp Mariet , Kroes Aloys , Claas Eric , de Vries Jutte
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Immunocompromised patients are prone to reactivations and (re-)infections of multiple DNA viruses. Viral load monitoring by single-target quantitative PCRs (qPCR) is the current cornerstone for virus quantification. In this study, a metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) approach was used for the identification and load monitoring of transplantation-related DNA viruses. Methods: Longitudinal plasma samples from six patients that were qPCR-positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), BK polyomavirus (BKV), adenovirus (ADV), parvovirus B19 (B19V), and torque teno-virus (TTV) were sequenced using the quantitative metagenomic Galileo Viral Panel Solution (Arc Bio, LLC, Cambridge, MA, USA) reagents and bioinformatics pipeline combination. Qualitative and quantitative performance was analysed with a focus on viral load ranges relevant for clinical decision making. Results: All pathogens identified by qPCR were also identified by mNGS. BKV, CMV, and HHV6B were additionally detected by mNGS, and could be confirmed by qPCR or auxiliary bioinformatic analysis. Viral loads determined by mNGS correlated with the qPCR results, with inter-method differences in viral load per virus ranging from 0.19 log10 IU/mL for EBV to 0.90 log10 copies/mL for ADV. TTV, analysed by mNGS in a semi-quantitative way, demonstrated a mean difference of 3.0 log10 copies/mL. Trends over time in viral load determined by mNGS and qPCR were comparable, and clinical thresholds for initiation of treatment were equally identified by mNGS. Conclusions: The Galileo Viral Panel for quantitative mNGS performed comparably to qPCR concerning detection and viral load determination, within clinically relevant ranges of patient management algorithms.