bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research Ethics and Commercial Drug Development: When Integrity Threatens Profitability
Authors: Bélisle Pipon Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2018

This case, based on personal experiences and on those found in the literature, highlights the delicate tension faced by drug development companies having to balance research integrity and their profitability.
How I Got Pregnant: Should Having a Child Justify a Partner’s ‘Deception’?
Authors: Haidar Hazar
Published: April 2018

This is a commentary related to the creative work by James Dwyer entitled “How I Got Pregnant”, a story that raises ethical issues about a woman’s request for medical assistance to get pregnant without the intention to disclose this to her husband. In this commentary, I argue that this woman’s attitude breaks trust with her husband, and show why the justifications she offered in order to argue for her request to conceive a child without her husband’s knowledge are flawed.
Cobayes de la relève : l’artiste et le chercheur à la rencontre de l’expérience
Authors: Ménard Jean-Frédéric
Published: April 2018

Cet essai se veut une réflexion préliminaire dans la foulée de la collaboration amorcée avec une artiste, Arkadi Lavoie Lachapelle, dans le cadre d’un projet interdisciplinaire sur l’art et la bioéthique. Je dirai d’abord quelques mots à propos de la conception du droit à laquelle j’adhère et des conclusions méthodologiques que j’en tire. Ces remarques serviront d’arrière-plan aux réflexions qui m’ont été inspirées par ma collaboration avec Arkadi Lavoie Lachapelle dans le cadre de ce projet. Ensuite, je m’aventurerai du côté de la critique artistique en proposant l’esquisse d’une lecture de certaines oeuvres de l’artiste. Enfin, je ferai quelques remarques réflexives touchant à mon expérience éthique de la pratique d’une méthodologie de recherche qualitative et aux rapprochements qui peuvent être faits avec la pratique artistique.
Na-no-body
Authors: Coleman Stephanie E.M.
Published: April 2018

Ink on paper, wire, batteries, electroluminescent diodes, Petri dishes, silicone.

300 x 170 cm
Constant Beauty Within and PCOS as Cacti
Authors: Stokes Grace
Published: April 2018

PCOS as Cacti

and

Constant Beauty Within
54 rue DuBalcon
Authors: Kinkead Audrey
Published: April 2018

Documents photographiques témoignant de l’expérience positive vécue entre une locatrice et sa locataire

Dimensions variées
L’animal un co-citoyen, et pourquoi pas?
Authors: Rathwell-Deault Dominick
Published: April 2018

Cet essai porte sur la place sociale de l’animal au sein de notre société actuelle. Il se veut une réflexion portant sur les bases anciennes et présentes expliquant ma vision de l’animal au sein de notre société avec un clin d’oeil sur la réalité de ma profession, la médecine vétérinaire. Il se conclut sur des pistes de solution pour mieux comprendre et intégrer l’animal au sein de notre société.
« Médecine à deux vitesses à la manière de SUCCESs » ou « Deux poids deux mesures ou Quod licet Iovi, non licet bovi c’est-à-dire : “ce qui est permis à Jupiter ne l’est pas aux vaches” »
Authors: Turcot Karine
Published: April 2018

Collage, dessin (papier japonais, papier, verre et bois)

60 x 45 cm, dimensions variées
Principes de communication et rôle social du chercheur en matière de transfert de connaissances : une dualité source de questionnements éthiques
Authors: Carrier Annie , Contandriopoulos Damien
Published: April 2018

La science ayant notamment pour but de contribuer à l’amélioration des conditions de vie et au mieux-être de la population, les chercheurs ont à produire et à partager des connaissances. Or, pour ce faire, l’utilisation de certaines stratégies potentiellement plus efficaces soulève des questionnements éthiques. Le présent article explore sommairement ces questionnements en s’intéressant à la dualité relative au format du message et au rôle social du chercheur.
The Anxious Heart of Injustice: Negative Affective Responses to Disabilities
Authors: Beaudry Jonas-Sébastien
Published: April 2018

It appears that liberal thought pays too little attention to negative affective responses toward people with disabilities. As a result, liberal theories may lack corrective structures to deal with such emotions and theorists themselves may fall prey to their influence. Assuming these troubling suggestions are at least partly well-founded and thereby warrant closer investigation, I examine three hypothetical causes of this state of affairs: the philosophical distrust toward emotions, the failure to attend to anxious reactions toward anomalous bodies, and the fear of vulnerability connected to liberal ideology. Although the causal factors that I discus are difficult to demonstrate empirically, they are nonetheless intuitively compelling.
Art + Bioéthique : l’art comme médiation
Authors: Barnabé Catherine
Published: April 2018

Ce texte est tiré du catalogue de l’exposition Art + Bioéthique qui réunissait six artistes et six chercheurs à Espace Projet à l’hiver 2016. Il présente un survol des démarches des artistes et des oeuvres de l’exposition par le regard de l’une des commissaires.
Doing Research with Vulnerable Populations: The Case of Intravenous Drug Users
Authors: Murdoch Blake , Caulfield Timothy
Published: April 2018

This review article considers ethical concerns when doing research on potentially vulnerable people who inject drugs (PWID) in a Canadian context. The Tri-Council Policy Statement: Ethical Conduct for Research Involving Humans broadly addresses many of the traditional ethical principles of research on vulnerable persons, but does so at the cost of clarity and precision. Vulnerability is contextual rather than absolute. When doing research with vulnerable persons, informed consent should be obtained from an independent person, and comprehension should be checked using questioning. Participants can be vulnerable due to many factors, including addiction, chronic disease, socioeconomic and racial status, and lack of education. The ability of PWID to give informed consent can be compromised by undue influence or intoxication, but existing research shows that neither the mode nor the magnitude of compensation has a significant effect on new rates of drug use. Compensation can also help dispel the therapeutic misconception. Intoxication rather than undue influence is the main concern when obtaining informed consent from PWID. The stigmatization of PWID as incapable of consent should be avoided. Paternalistic exclusion from research can harm PWID and exacerbate their vulnerability by reducing our knowledge of and ability to specifically treat them. As such, we must collect better data about the effects of research ethics policies. Studies to this effect should focus on experiences, perspectives and needs of potentially vulnerable research participants. Research ethics boards in Canada should adopt an evidence-based approach when applying discretionary power to proposals for clinical research.
La prise de décision d’urgence chez les pompiers premiers répondants : une illustration de la pertinence d’une approche empirique en éthique professionnelle
Authors: St-Denis Karine
Published: April 2018

Lors d’une urgence médicale, l’intervention se doit d’être immédiate. Le temps de délibération est court, voire inexistant. Pourtant, l’intervenant portera la responsabilité de ses décisions et de ses actions. Cette complexité de la décision d’urgence demeure peu étudiée en éthique. Pour contribuer à combler cette lacune, cet article portera sur la prise de décision chez les pompiers premiers répondants. Il présente les données issues de focus groups réalisés auprès de pompiers du Service de Sécurité Incendie de la Ville de Montréal. Dans un premier temps, cet article illustrera la compréhension de la prise de décision d’urgence de ces pompiers premiers répondants. Dans un deuxième temps, il montrera qu’une approche empirique est indispensable à l’éthicien qui s’aventure en caserne : cette approche empirique est révélatrice des confrontations éthiques des pompiers et des moyens mis en place pour neutraliser ces confrontations.
Dear DTCA, Please Don’t Deceive Me, Don’t Play on My Fantasy
Authors: Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe
Published: April 2018

In the face of drugs advertising, what can we do? Is Direct-to-Consumer Advertising (DTCA) designed to be beneficial by objectively presenting a product or are they rather seeking to convince us that their product is patently good? Through this song, the goal is to live the experience of a patient who is subject to drug advertising, by integrating into the stanzas the main ethical issues raised by advertising.
Compte rendu critique du livre Voir son steak comme un animal mort, de Martin Gibert
Authors: Drolet Marie-Josée
Published: April 2018

Ce compte rendu critique offre, dans un premier temps, une synthèse des arguments présentés par Martin Gibert dans son livre Voir son steak comme un animal mort, et ce, en suivant pas à pas l’enchainement de ses arguments, chapitre par chapitre. Dans un deuxième temps, une perspective critique de cet ouvrage et une réflexion personnelle sont articulées.
Améliorer la compréhension et la gestion des conflits d’intérêts des experts conseillant la prise de décisions en santé publique
Authors: Cloutier Anne-Isabelle , Bélisle-Pipon Jean-Christophe , Ringuette Louise , Doudenkova Victoria , Williams-Jones Bryn
Published: April 2018

Au Québec, au Canada et ailleurs dans le monde, des comités consultatifs d’experts conseillent et orientent les décideurs gouvernementaux dans le choix de nouveaux médicaments, de vaccins à utiliser ou encore d’interventions à mettre en place. Parallèlement, ces experts bénéficient d’un appui de plus en plus important d’entreprises privées pour réaliser leurs recherches ou en diffuser les résultats. Cette situation les met à risque de conflits d’intérêts et peut, éventuellement, miner la confiance de la population envers la prise de décision publique. Cette étude de cas suscite des réflexions pertinentes quant à ce qui constitue une gestion saine et optimale des situations de conflits d’intérêts par les membres experts et les organisations dans lesquelles ils ont un rôle-conseil.
Book Review: Applied Time Series Analysis With R. Second Edition.
Authors: Lortie Christopher J
Published: April 2018

Many data include time or have longitudinal dimensionalilty. When these data include an index of time, i.e. measures at regular or periodically successive intervals, statistics that use time sequencing in some capacity are appropriate. Consequently, investing time into a comprehensive text on these topics is not lost time. The second edition of Applied Time Series Analysis With R is reviewed. The benefits of digesting this text relative to other contributions is evaluated, the extent of expertise is summarized, and the structure including key topics of the book are described.
The evolutionary origins of abyssal biodiversity — new ideas from biogeography and habitat mapping
Authors: Riehl Torben , Augustin Nico , Bober Simon , Brix Saskia , Devey Colin W , Heitland Nele , Lins Lidia , Wölfl Anne-Cathrin , Brandt Angelika
Published: April 2018

The abyss is a homogeneous and barrier-free sediment habitat. At least that is what the text books say. Yet, at the same time we know that abyssal communities are locally highly diverse. It appears contradictory that a seafloor habitat free of barriers and poor in heterogeneity can host a rich biodiversity. Likewise the evolutionary origins of this diversity remain in the dark, although it has been proposed that the organisms we encounter at abyssal depth originated from the much more heterogeneous bathyal zone. During the interdisciplinary Vema-TRANSIT project, biological, bathymetrical, and geological data were collected in the North Atlantic. Following the Vema Fracture Zone and crossing the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, abyssal habitats and communities were studied. Using high-resolution bathymetric scans in conjunction with rock sampling and video surveys, we encountered a surprisingly high habitat heterogeneity. From the spreading axis to a crustal age of over 90 Ma, the seafloor represented a patchwork of sediment (dominating) and bare rock formations. Furthermore, taxonomic, phylogenetic and population genetic data for isopod crustaceans, one of the most abundant macrofaunal elements in abyssal soft sediments, suggests that bathymetric features, such as the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, contribute to genetic differentiation in some benthic species. Interspecific differences seemed to be connected in dispersal capacity. We present these new insights and discuss their implications for our understanding of the origins of abyssal biodiversity. We conclude: the abyssal seafloor is much more heterogeneous than commonly assumed and seafloor topography is a limiting factor for dispersal thus contributing to diversity.
Inflammation is a key risk factor for persistent seizures in neurocysticercosis
Authors: Herrick Jesica A. , Maharathi Biswajit , Kim Jin Suh , Abundis Gerardo G. , Garg Anjali , Gonzales Isidro , Saavedra Herbert , Bustos Javier A. , Garcia Hector H. , Loeb Jeffrey A. ,   the Cysticercosis Working Group in Peru
Published: April 2018

Objective

We conducted a retrospective, case–control study of neurocysticercosis patients to ascertain early markers that identify subjects likely to develop treatment‐resistant seizures.

Methods

Clinical histories and imaging studies from 38 neurocysticercosis patients who had been followed for 18 months after treatment were evaluated. Both pairwise and multifactorial analyses were conducted to identify factors associated with continued seizures.

Results

Eleven of 38 patients continued to have seizures during the follow‐up period. On univariate analysis, the number of neurocysticercosis lesions, number of bands on the baseline neurocysticercosis western blot, edema volumes on follow‐up MRI scans, edema volume changes between baseline and follow‐up images, and proportion of calcified lesions with perilesional edema were all significantly increased in subjects who had persistent seizures during the 18‐month follow‐up period. On multivariate analyses using recursive partition and random forest algorithms, variables associated with persistent seizures included: the number of total and calcified lesions, presence of perilesional edema, the rate of change in the lesion and edema volumes from baseline to follow‐up, and the number of bands on the neurocysticercosis western blot.

Interpretation

Measures of both inflammation and disease burden are key risk factors for persistent seizures despite anticonvulsant treatments in patients with neurocysticercosis. Inflammation is therefore a potentially modifiable risk factor for the frequently seen severe seizure disorders in patients with neurocysticercosis.
Ultrahigh Room‐Temperature Photoluminescence from Few to Single Quintuple Layer Bi2Te3 Nanosheets
Authors: Hussain Naveed , Zhang Qingyun , Lang Jialiang , Zhang Ruoyu , Muhammad Murtaza , Huang Kai , Cosseron De Villenoisy Thibault , Ya Huang , Karim Altaf , Wu Hui
Published: April 2018

Owing to its narrow indirect bandgap, bulk bismuth telluride (Bi2Te3) exhibits exceptionally low room‐temperature photoluminescence (PL). Consequently, it remains challenging to achieve promising optical and optoelectronic performance from Bi2Te3. Moreover, due to the lack of plasmonic materials and available modulation methods, it is challenging to effectively control the surface plasmon resonance intensities in the visible region. Herein, thickness‐dependent photoluminescence studies unveil ultrahigh (282‐fold) room‐temperature photoluminescence (visible) from 20 quintuple layer Bi2Te3 nanosheets (NSs) compared to 200 quintuple layer NSs, attributable to a significant bandgap opening. Intriguingly, considerable photoluminescence quenching is observed beyond the thickness of 20 quintuple layer Bi2Te3. The PL emission is further optimized with reference to the number of quintuple layers, and the mechanism possibly responsible for such PL behavior is elucidated. Moreover, the thickness modulation is put forward as an effective strategy to control visible surface plasmon resonance energy modes and their intensities. Bi2Te3 nanosheets with large area and high crystallinity are fabricated on various silicon substrates by a facile hot‐pressing strategy, which facilitates investigation of intrinsic properties of 2D Bi2Te3. It is believed that these findings hold paramount importance in understanding the optical response of Bi2Te3 toward nanoscale variations and help build next‐generation transparent and flexible optoelectronic/plasmonic devices.
Nitrogen‐Doped Porous Carbon Structure from Melamine‐Assisted Polyimide Sheets for Supercapacitor Electrodes
Authors: Lee Seokhee , Kim Gunhwi , Kim Jinyoung , Kim Dongjun , Lee Daero , Han Haksoo , Kim Jiwon
Published: April 2018

Nitrogen‐doped porous carbon derived from various polymer precursors receives great attention for applications in supercapacitor electrodes due to its high specific area and fast ion transportation within the electrodes. The porous structure with high content of nitrogen atoms enhances the wettability and accelerates the diffusion of ions inside free‐standing electrodes. These electrodes are fabricated by carbonization of nitrogen‐rich carbon precursors such as polyimide and polyaniline. However, the porous structure and the high degree of nitrogen doping within electrodes are hard to maintain during the carbonization process. Herein, it is demonstrated that a new synthetic approach—nonsolvent‐induced phase separation method—can prepare melamine‐assisted polyimide sheet followed by carbonization process as nitrogen‐rich supercapacitor electrodes with high porosity. A symmetric supercapacitor composed of the above‐mentioned free‐standing electrodes exhibits a specific capacitance of 176 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 (rate capability of 152 A g−1 at 5 A g−1) and long lifetime over 10 000 cycles with 99.2% capacitance retention. Also, the supercapacitor shows a high energy density of 6.3 W h kg−1 and power density of 1.25 kW kg−1. In conclusion the nitrogen‐doped porous carbon sheet improves the energy density of a supercapacitor in comparison to electrodes prepared by conventional methods.
Economic and demographic predictors of dietary variation and nutritional indicators in Nicaragua
Authors: Cooper Catherine G. , Burns Jessica L. , Koster Jeremy M. , Perri Angela R. , Richards Michael P.
Published: April 2018

Objectives

We measured carbon and nitrogen isotopic ratios in a contemporary population, and tested how the isotopic variability relates to measures of socioeconomic status (e.g., household wealth) and anthropometric measures (e.g., standardized height‐for‐age and weight‐for‐age z‐scores).

Methods

Hair samples from individuals living in the Bosawas Biosphere Reserve in Nicaragua were analyzed for δ13C and δ15N, and these data were examined in relation to individual (e.g., age, sex, anthropometrics) and household (e.g., household size, wealth) variables.

Results

We found through mixed‐effects modeling that δ13C and δ15N varied predictably with individual age and household wealth. δ13C and δ15N did not, however, improve models predicting variation in individual anthropometric measures.

Conclusion

These results indicate that, although there is a relationship between diet (δ13C and δ15N) and socioeconomic variables, these dietary differences are not the main cause of health differences in this population.
Miniaturized Biosensors to Preserve and Monitor Cultural Heritage: from Medical to Conservation Diagnosis
Authors: Sciutto Giorgia , Zangheri Martina , Anfossi Laura , Guardigli Massimo , Prati Silvia , Mirasoli Mara , Di Nardo Fabio , Baggiani Claudio , Mazzeo Rocco , Roda Aldo
Published: April 2018

The point‐of‐care testing concept has been exploited to design and develop portable and cheap bioanalytical systems that can be used on‐site by conservators. These systems employ lateral flow immunoassays to simultaneously detect two proteins (ovalbumin and collagen) in artworks. For an in‐depth study on the application of these portable biosensors, both chemiluminescent and colorimetric detections were developed and compared in terms of sensitivity and feasibility. The chemiluminescent system displayed the best analytical performance (that is, two orders of magnitude lower limits of detection than the colorimetric system). To simplify its use, a disposable cartridge was designed ad hoc for this specific application. These results highlight the enormous potential of these inexpensive, easy‐to‐use, and minimally invasive diagnostic tools for conservators in the cultural heritage field.
Tunable and Photoswitchable Chemically Induced Dimerization for Chemo‐optogenetic Control of Protein and Organelle Positioning
Authors: Chen Xi , Wu Yao‐Wen
Published: April 2018

The spatiotemporal dynamics of proteins and organelles play an important role in controlling diverse cellular processes. Optogenetic tools using photosensitive proteins and chemically induced dimerization (CID), which allow control of protein dimerization, have been used to elucidate the dynamics of biological systems and to dissect the complicated biological regulatory networks. However, the inherent limitations of current optogenetic and CID systems remain a significant challenge for the fine‐tuning of cellular activity at precise times and locations. Herein, we present a novel chemo‐optogenetic approach, photoswitchable chemically induced dimerization (psCID), for controlling cellular function by using blue light in a rapid and reversible manner. Moreover, psCID is tunable; that is, the dimerization and dedimerization degrees can be fine‐tuned by applying different doses of illumination. Using this approach, we control the localization of proteins and positioning of organelles in live cells with high spatial (μm) and temporal (ms) precision.
Ein biomimetischer Nickelkomplex mit einem reduzierten, durch Formiatdeprotonierung erzeugten CO2‐Liganden und sein Verhalten gegenüber CO2
Authors: Zimmermann Philipp , Hoof Santina , Braun‐Cula Beatrice , Herwig Christian , Limberg Christian
Published: April 2018

Reduzierte CO2‐Spezies sind wichtige Intermediate in einer Vielzahl von natürlichen und synthetischen Prozessen. In den meisten Systemen entziehen sie sich jedoch aufgrund ihrer Reaktivität oder eingeschränkten Zugänglichkeit (heterogene Systeme) der Isolierung oder Charakterisierung und bleiben daher oft spekulativ oder nur theoretisch begründet. Hier wird ein Ni‐CO22−‐Komplex vorgestellt, der in vielerlei Hinsicht einzigartig ist. Während seine strukturellen und elektronischen Eigenschaften helfen, den CO2‐gebundenen Zustand in Ni,Fe‐haltigen CO‐Dehydrogenasen zu verstehen, gibt seine Reaktivität Aufschluss darüber, wie CO2 durch Nickelkomplexe in CO/CO32− umgewandelt werden kann. Darüber hinaus wurde der Komplex durch eine selten beschriebene β‐Deprotonierung von Formiat erzeugt, einen mechanistischen Schritt, der für die nickelkatalysierte Umwandlung von HxCOyz− an Elektroden und für die Oxidation von Formiat in Formiat‐Dehydrogenasen relevant ist.
Site‐Specific Modification of Gold Nanoparticles by Underpotential Deposition of Cadmium Atoms
Authors: Brust Mathias , Ramírez Silvana A. , Gordillo Gabriel J.
Published: April 2018

Underpotential deposition (UPD) of cadmium on 15 nm gold nanoparticles stabilized by 1‐mercapto‐undecane‐11‐tetra(ethylene glycol) has been studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV). Particles are adsorbed to a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). It is shown that single cadmium atoms are deposited onto the same surface sites that are active for adsorptive hydrogen reduction when cadmium is absent. Depending on the solution pH, the deposition of cadmium atoms either blocks hydrogen reduction or vice versa, depending on which process occurs first during the cathodic potential sweep. Another remarkable finding is that single cadmium atoms UPD‐deposited are also active for adsorptive hydrogen reduction. The use of CV to interrogate surface protected nanoparticles adsorbed on a HMDE represents a powerful method to study the electrocatalytic activity.
Development of stability indicating HPLC method for the separation and validation of enantiomers of miconazole
Authors: Bounoua Nadia , Sekkoum Khaled , Gumustas Mehmet , Belboukhari Nasser , Ozkan Sibel A.
Published: April 2018

A selective and sensitive stability indicting HPLC method was developed for the analysis of enantiomers of miconazole. For this purpose, six different polysaccharide‐based chiral columns were evaluated. Optimization was performed using several polar organic and alcohol‐hydrocarbon mobile phases. As a result of optimization studies, the analysis was carried out using Lux Cellulose‐3, methanol as a mobile phase at a flow rate of 1 mL·min−1, and the detection wavelength was arranged to 230 nm. Developed method has been fully validated according to International Council on Harmonization guidelines. Method was found linear in the concentration range of 1 to 200 μg·mL−1. Coefficient of determination (R2) was calculated as 0.9996, intraday precision of the method was found with the RSD% of 0.56, and the recovery of the method was calculated close to 100%. Furthermore, some other validation parameters like specificity, selectivity, LOD, and LOQ were also investigated. Stability indicating capability of this method was shown by forced degradation studies, and the run time for each analysis was less than 6 minutes. As a result, simple, fast, reliable HPLC method was developed for the separation and determination of the enantiomers of miconazole. Applicability of the developed method was shown with the application of marketed pharmaceutical preparations.
An ascending visual pathway to the dorsal telencephalon through the optic tectum and nucleus prethalamicus in the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845)
Authors: Hagio Hanako , Sato Moe , Yamamoto Naoyuki
Published: April 2018

Dual visual pathways reaching the telencephalon appear to be an ancient vertebrate trait, but some teleost fish seem to possess only one pathway via the optic tectum. We undertook the present study to determine if and when this loss occurred during evolution. Tracer injection experiments to the optic nerve, the optic tectum, and the dorsal telencephalon were performed in the present study, to investigate ascending visual pathways to the dorsal telencephalon in an acanthopterygian teleost, the yellowfin goby Acanthogobius flavimanus (Temminck & Schlegel, 1845). We confirmed the presence of a nucleus prethalamicus (PTh) in the goby, which has been convincingly identified only in holocentrids, suggesting that this nucleus is present in other acanthopterygians. We found that the optic tectum projects to the PTh bilaterally. The PTh projects in turn to the dorsal telencephalon, ipsilaterally. These results suggest that the yellowfin goby possesses only an extrageniculate‐like pathway, while a geniculate‐like pathway could not be identified. This situation is common with that of holocentrids and may be a character common in acanthopterygians. It is possible that a geniculate‐like system was lost in the common ancestor of acanthopterygians, although the scenario for the evolution of ascending visual systems in actinopterygians remains uncertain due to the lack of precise knowledge in a number of actinopterygian taxons.
Rh‐Based Nanocatalysts for Heterogeneous Reactions
Authors: Luo Laihao , Li Hongliang , Peng Yuhan , Feng Chen , Zeng Jie
Published: April 2018

Rhodium (Rh) is well‐known for its catalytic application in diverse industrial reactions such as methane conversion, hydrogen generation, and olefin hydroformylation. Compared to homogeneous catalysts, heterogeneous Rh‐based nanocatalysts are facilely separated and collected after reactions, thus being more compatible for industrialization. To this end, the development of active and stable heterogeneous Rh‐based catalysts has received everlasting interest. In this review, we focus on the synthesis and catalytic application of Rh‐based nanocatalysts for heterogeneous catalysis. Recent efforts in the design and fabrication of Rh‐based nanocatalysts are highlighted. Various synthetic strategies and protocols for shape‐controlled synthesis of Rh‐based nanocrystals and supported Rh‐based nanocatalysts are overviewed. In addition, we introduce methane conversion, hydrogen generation, and olefin hydroformylation as three typical catalytic applications of the Rh‐based nanocatalysts, and provide insights into the catalytic mechanisms involved. The remaining challenges and future prospects for the Rh‐based heterogeneous nanocatalysts are also discussed. This review offers a guideline for future research on Rh‐based nanocatalysts for heterogeneous catalysis.
CD8 lymphocytes in tumors and nonsynonymous mutational load correlate with prognosis of bladder cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors
Authors: Deng Boya , Park Jae‐Hyun , Ren Lili , Yew Poh Yin , Kiyotani Kazuma , Antic Tatjana , O'Connor Kelly , O'Donnell Peter H. , Nakamura Yusuke
Published: April 2018

Background

Anti–programed cell death 1 checkpoint inhibitors have recently demonstrated effectiveness against metastatic cancers including urothelial carcinoma.

Aims

To identify biomarkers/factors that correlate with the clinical response in advanced bladder cancer patients who received immune checkpoint inhibitor treatment.

Methods and results

We investigated tumors from 18 bladder cancer patients who had received anti–programed cell death 1 (pembrolizumab) or anti–programmed death‐ligand 1 therapy (atezolizumab or durvalumab) and performed exome analysis, T‐cell receptor sequencing of the tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), and immunohistochemical analysis of CD8 and programmed death‐ligand 1 in cancer tissues. Immunohistochemical analysis of bladder cancer tissues demonstrated that a higher number of CD8 T‐cell infiltration into cancer tissues was significantly associated with longer cancer‐specific survival of the patients (P = .0012). T‐cell receptor beta sequencing of TILs using genomic DNAs extracted from the tissues of 15 cases revealed that patients with higher clonal expansion of TILs had some tendency of longer cancer‐specific survival (P = .055), than those with lower clonal expansion. We performed whole exome sequencing of 14 cases and found that patients carrying higher numbers of somatic mutations received greater benefit from immunotherapy (P = .034) and one patient who had high microsatellite instability has survived for 1034 days.

Conclusion

CD8 infiltration in tumors and nonsynonymous mutation load might be useful predictive markers for immune checkpoint inhibitors for bladder cancer patients.
An investigation into the variability of skin colour measurements
Authors: Wang Mengmeng , Xiao Kaida , Luo Ming Ronnier , Pointer Michael , Cheung Vien , Wuerger Sophie
Published: April 2018

This study aimed to investigate the variability of skin colour measurements for two kinds of extensively used instruments, telespectroradiometers (TSR) and spectrophotometers. A Konica Minolta CM700d spectrophotometer and a PhotoResearch PR650 telespectroradiometer were used to measure the forehead and the cheekbone of 11 subjects. The variability was evaluated using different measurement parameters including measurement aperture size and pressure on the facial locations for the spectrophotometer, and measurement distance for the telespectroradiometer. The mean colour difference from the mean was used to define the short‐term repeatability; the CIELAB colour difference and colour appearance changes in each perceptual CIELAB attribute between each of two instrument settings were used to evaluate the inter‐instrument agreement. The results show that, for the TSR, different measurement distances have identical repeatability but the colour shifts were significant; for the spectrophotometer, the large aperture size of the target masks gave the most repeatable results and the aperture size had more influence on the colour shifts than the measurement pressure. In addition, to investigate the effect of ethnicity and body location on measurement variability, skin colours from additional 151 subjects were measured. The differences between the measurements for different body locations were, in general, larger than the instrument repeatability and the inter‐instrument agreement.
Verification of 5D continuum gyrokinetic code COGENT: Studies of kinetic drift wave instability
Authors: Lee Wonjae , Dorf M. A. , Dorr M. R. , Cohen R. H. , Rognlien T. D. , Hittinger J. A. F. , Umansky M. V. , Krasheninnikov S. I.
Published: April 2018

COGENT (Continuum Gyrokinetic Edge New Technology) is a kinetic plasma simulation code that is being developed by the edge simulation laboratory (ESL) collaboration. The original version of the code has been developed in a 4D phase space (2D configuration space and 2D velocity space) to address kinetic plasma phenomena in a complex magnetic field geometry including the core, magnetic separatrix, and scrape‐off layer regions. This work is focused on extending the original 4D phase space to a 5D phase space (3D2V) to address full kinetic turbulences in a tokamak edge region. Here, we report on the current status of 5D COGENT, which presently operates in a shear‐less, simple slab geometry. As a verification study, we use the problems of collision‐less drift wave instability (universal instability) including its modification in the presence of collisional effects. The simulation model includes the gyrokinetic equations for ion and electron species coupled to the long‐wavelength limit of the gyro‐Poisson equation. Collisional effects are represented by the Krook collision model. Linear analytical results for the drift mode growth rate and real frequency are recovered, and the non‐linear stage is modelled and analysed as well. In addition, extensive 5D runs have been performed to address the effects of the drift wave instability on blob/filamentary structures characteristic of a tokamak edge. A helical‐shaped potential perturbation is observed to grow exponentially in time while spinning around the filament axis with electron drift frequency.
Self‐Compassion as a Mediator of Mindfulness and Compassion for Others
Authors: Fulton Cheryl L.
Published: April 2018

Mindfulness and self‐compassion have garnered interest as tools for improving counselor wellness and performance, yet little is known about how they relate to compassion. Compassion—for oneself and others—is considered important to counselor well‐being and effective counseling. In Buddhist and current models, mindfulness is theorized to increase self‐compassion and, subsequently, compassion for others, but the study of these proposed relationships is limited. Using mediation analysis, the author confirmed self‐compassion as a mediator of mindfulness and compassion for others among 152 master's‐level counseling interns. Implications and practical application of mindfulness and self‐compassion for counselor development are discussed.
Mixed intoxication by the synthetic opioid U‐47700 and the benzodiazepine flubromazepam with lethal outcome: Pharmacokinetic data
Authors: Koch Katharina , Auwärter Volker , Hermanns‐Clausen Maren , Wilde Maurice , Neukamm Merja A.
Published: April 2018

Novel synthetic opioids and benzodiazepines are an emerging trend on the narcotic drugs market. We present a lethal case of U‐47700 and flubromazepam poisoning. A 24‐year‐old man suffered apnoea after the consumption of the synthetic opioid U‐47700 in combination with the benzodiazepine flubromazepam. After reanimation and hospital admission, hypoxic cerebral damage and severe brain oedema were stated. Six days after admission, mechanical ventilation was discontinued, and the patient died. Seven blood serum samples and one urine sample collected during the hospitalisation were analysed by liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. In the sample collected 42 minutes after admission, the concentrations of U‐47700 and flubromazepam were 370 and 830 ng/mL, respectively. Three days later, the concentrations of U‐47700 and flubromazepam dropped to 4.2 and 280 ng/mL, respectively. The resulting concentration‐time‐curves allowed calculating a U‐47700 elimination half‐life of approximately six hours and confirmed the previously reported flubromazepam elimination half‐life of around 100 hours. In the presented case, intoxication by the synthetic opioid U‐47700 with a contribution of flubromazepam can be assumed as the cause of death. The concentration‐time curves allow an estimation of the clinical course of similar cases. Flubromazepam may lead to prolonged central‐nervous depressant effects.
Outcome parameters associated with perceived helpfulness of family‐based treatment for adolescent eating disorders
Authors: Singh Simar , Accurso Erin C. , Hail Lisa , Goldschmidt Andrea B. , Le Grange Daniel
Published: April 2018

Objective

Family‐based treatment (FBT) is an efficacious treatment for adolescent eating disorders, yet it is not routinely implemented in clinical practice. Given that consumers play a role in treatment selection, this study sought to examine families’ perspectives on FBT and remission markers associated with increased treatment satisfaction across families.

Method

Participants were 40 adolescents and 43 caregivers who received outpatient FBT. FBT helpfulness was assessed using a treatment follow‐up questionnaire, and eating disorder symptomatology was assessed using percent expected body weight (%EBW) and the eating disorder examination (EDE). Regression analyses were used to assess whether changes in symptoms from baseline to end‐of‐treatment (EOT) were significantly associated with helpfulness reports.

Results

On average, patients and their parents perceived FBT as “quite helpful” and “extremely helpful,” respectively. Improvements in all EDE subscales, with the exception of restraint, were significantly associated with adolescent report of helpfulness (all p < .05); increase in %EBW was significantly associated with maternal report of helpfulness (p = .03). There were no significant findings for paternal report.

Discussion

Both patients and their parents perceived FBT as helpful, but patients seemed to prioritize cognitive improvements while mothers prioritized physical improvements in rating their satisfaction with FBT.
Material Measures of Electrocaloric Cooling Power in Perovskite Ferroelectrics
Authors: Weyland Florian , Perez‐Moyet Richard , Rossetti George A. , Novak Nikola
Published: April 2018

Many ferroelectric materials that can serve as refrigerants in electrocaloric cooling devices have been identified. To compare them, material measures of cooling power are useful. The electrocaloric performance characteristics of ferroelectric materials are determined to a large degree by the nature of the paraelectric to ferroelectric phase change, which influences the magnitude of the electrocaloric effect and the variation with temperature of the thermal conductivity and heat capacity. Here, those properties are compared for three promising ferroelectric materials. The materials chosen for study have differing phase change characteristics ranging from first‐order to diffuse/relaxor‐like behavior, and include barium titanate and lead magnesium niobate—lead titanate single crystals and polycrystalline barium zirconate‐titanate ceramics. Using measured thermophysical property data, and a simple model based on the Newtonian cooling of a thin plate, the dependences of the material cooling power on the dimensionless temperature, characteristic distance, and holding time for heat transfer are determined. Relationships existing between material cooling power and the nature of the phase transition, thermophysical properties, and the electrocaloric behavior are illustrated. Although device‐level factors, such as thermal resistances at electrode interfaces are ignored, the results suggest a simple basis of comparison for electrocaloric materials.
Effects of ethanol combined with ascorbic acid and packaging on the inhibition of browning and microbial growth in fresh‐cut Chinese yam
Authors: Gao Jia , Zhu Yongqing , Luo Fangyao
Published: April 2018

The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of aqueous solutions of ethanol (25%, v/v) and ascorbic acid (AA, 1%, m/v) alone and in combination, along with modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) or vacuum packaging (VP), on the physicochemical properties and microbial quality of fresh‐cut Chinese yam slices during 4°C storage. The data showed that ethanol (25%, v/v) combined with AA (1%, m/v) and MAP treatment resulted in the lowest changes for headspace gas composition, color, electrical conductivity, overall visual quality, aerobic plate count population, and mold and yeast population in fresh‐cut Chinese yam over 21 days of 4°C cold storage, which was more effective at both inhibiting microbial growth and delaying browning than ethanol or AA alone or a commonly used sanitizer, sodium hypochlorite. The experiment on packaging demonstrated that samples treated with VP and 25% ethanol with 1% (m/v) AA dip can only preserve the sensory qualities of fresh‐cut Chinese yam slices up to 7 days at 4°C, but 25% (v/v) ethanol in conjunction with 1% (m/v) AA packed with MAP had antibrowning potential and maintained the quality of fresh‐cut Chinese yam slices up to 14 days when stored at 4°C.
CFAI‐Plus: Adding cognitive frailty as a new domain to the comprehensive frailty assessment instrument
Authors: De Roeck Ellen Elisa , Dury Sarah , De Witte Nico , De Donder Liesbeth , Bjerke Maria , De Deyn Peter Paul , Engelborghs Sebastiaan , Dierckx Eva
Published: April 2018

Objectives

Cognitive frailty is characterized by the presence of cognitive impairment in exclusion of dementia. In line with other frailty domains, cognitive frailty is associated with negative outcomes. The Comprehensive Frailty Assessment Instrument (CFAI) measures 4 domains of frailty, namely physical, psychological, social, and environmental frailty. The absence of cognitive frailty is a limitation.

Method

An expert panel selected 6 questions from the Informant Questionnaire on Cognitive Decline that were, together with the CFAI and the Montreal cognitive assessment administered to 355 older community dwelling adults (mean age = 77).

Results

After multivariate analysis, 2 questions were excluded. All the questions from the original CFAI were implemented in a principal component analysis together with the 4 cognitive questions, showing that the 4 cognitive questions all load on 1 factor, representing the cognitive domain of frailty. By adding the cognitive domain to the CFAI, the reliability of the adapted CFAI (CFAI‐Plus), remains good (Cronbach's alpha: .767).

Conclusions

This study showed that cognitive frailty can be added to the CFAI without affecting its good psychometric properties. In the future, the CFAI‐Plus needs to be validated in an independent cohort, and the interaction with the other frailty domains needs to be studied.
Efficacy of a clinical pathway for patients with thyroid cancer
Authors: Kwon Hyungju , Lee Joon‐Hyop , Woo Joohyun , Lim Woosung , Moon Byung‐In , Paik Nam Sun
Published: April 2018

Background

Clinical pathways have been proposed as a way to improve organizational efficiency and maximize patient outcomes. However, little is known as to whether a clinical pathway is effective for thyroid cancer.

Methods

The study subjects included 216 patients who were managed after clinical pathway implementation and 145 control patients. Length of stay, cost per patient, and nurses' satisfaction were compared in the 2 groups.

Results

Mean length of stay was 0.8 days shorter in the clinical pathway group than in the control group (2.9 vs 3.7 days; P = .023). Cost per patient was also lower in the clinical pathway than in the control group (USD $3953.00 vs USD $4636.00; P < .001). Nurses' overall satisfaction scores improved from 71.6% before to 82.5% after implementation of the clinical pathway and their job characteristics scores increased from 61.1% to 75.0%.

Conclusion

Implementation of a clinical pathway for thyroid cancer can improve nurses' satisfaction with reduction of hospital stay and costs.
Use of the 50‐g glucose challenge test to predict excess delivery weight
Authors: Beksac M. Sinan , Tanacan Atakan , Hakli Duygu A. , Ozyuncu Ozgur
Published: April 2018

Objective

To identify a cut‐off value for the 50‐g glucose challenge test (GCT) that predicts excess delivery weight.

Methods

A retrospective study was conducted among pregnant women who undertook a 50‐g GCT at Hacettepe University Hospital, Ankara, Turkey, between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2016. Patients with singleton pregnancies who delivered live neonates after 28 weeks of pregnancy were included. Patients were classified according to their 50‐g GCT values into group 1 (<7.770 mmol/L); group 2 (7.770 to <8.880 mmol/L, group 3 (8.880–9.990 mmol/L); or group 4 (>9.990 mmol/L). Classification and regression tree data mining was performed to identify the 50‐g GCT cut‐off value corresponding to a substantial increase in delivery weight.,

Results

Median delivery weight were 3100 g in group 1 (n=352), 3200 g in group 2 (n=165), 3720 g in group 3 (n=47), and 3865 g in group 4 (n=20). Gravidity, 50‐g GCT value, and pregnancy duration at delivery explained 30.6% of the observed variance in delivery weight. The cut‐off required for maternal blood glucose level to predict excessive delivery weight was 8.741 mmol/L.

Conclusion

The 50‐g GCT can be used to identify women at risk of delivering offspring with excessive delivery weight.
RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN COMMON GRAPHICAL REPRESENTATIONS USED IN SYSTEM ENGINEERING
Authors: Long James E.
Published: April 2018

Most system engineers today use graphical representations of a system to communicate its functional and data requirements. The most commonly used representations are the Function Flow Block Diagram (FFBD), Data Flow Diagram (DFD), N2 Chart, IDEF0 Diagram, and Behavior Diagram (BD). This paper discusses the characteristics of each and shows how they are related.
Individuals With Visual Disabilities and Substance Use Disorders: Recommendations for Counselors
Authors: Feather Katherine A. , Bordonada Tiffany M. , Waddington Ashley
Published: April 2018

Given the prevalence of substance use disorders in individuals with visual disabilities, counselors must be prepared to address the distinctive needs of this population. The authors summarize evidence‐based interventions, offer contextual considerations, and provide recommendations for counselors.
The Countertransference Experiences of Pregnant Counselors Working With Sex Offenders
Authors: Cartwright Angie D. , Stark Marcella D. , Mountain Jennafer
Published: April 2018

Using a phenomenological approach, the authors explored the lived experiences of female counselors who were pregnant during the course of providing clinical services to sex offenders. Themes included awareness of countertransference, emotional distress, safety concerns, and clinical objectivity.
The involvement of Kav001 in inhibition of LPS/P. gingivalis‐induced
Authors: Tang Xiaoren , Alasiri Mansour , Bamashmous Abdullah , Aljahdali Bushra , Cao Feng , Dibart Serge , Salih Erdjan
Published: April 2018

TNF‐a is an important cytokine mediator of inflammation which suggests that inhibition of TNF activity may provide potential for clinical application. Recent data indicated that treatment of both human and mouse cells with Kavain significantly modulates P. gingivalis‐ and LPS‐induced TNF‐α expression. In order to obtain a selective analog with optimized biological activity and structural physico‐chemical properties of Kavain, Kavain analogs were designed and synthesized and found one Kavain analogue (named Kav001) that is similar to Kavain but soluble and does not induce a significant toxicity. Both studies in vitro and in vivo treatment by Kav001 showed stronger biological function as compared to Kavain. Furthermore, most mouse bone marrow macrophages up‐regulated Bcl‐6 while down‐regulating LITAF expression after treatment with Kav001 for 36 h. Consequently, this led to an extension of macrophage pseudopods due to its immune response to P.g. infection/LPS stimulation.