bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Profitable Greenhouse Gas Emissions Reduction Strategy
Authors: Robinson D. , Russo I. , Stricklin E.
Published: June 2013

For most companies, a discussion of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions reductions equates to reducing CO2 emissions, which is typically cost-prohibitive. However, a different approach adopted by numerous companies throughout the world addresses methane emissions instead. Even the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) has shifted its focus from CO2 to short lived climate forcers, such as methane, in the post Kyoto Protocol world. Methane emissions reductions can significantly reduce a company’s overall GHG emissions while also recovering a valuable energy resource. This paper will outline a strategy for cost-effectively reducing emissions of GHGs. Key steps include 1) development of an internal GHG emissions tier 3 inventory, 2) field verification of emissions estimates, 3) project identification, prioritization, and design, and 4) economic assessments of mitigation projects.

Methane, a powerful GHG with a global warming potential of 25 over 100 years1, is the primary component of natural gas. Methane emissions can be found throughout the entire natural gas value chain (production, processing, transmission and distribution of gas) and in upstream oil production. Typically, there are 3 types of methane emissions: fugitive (unintentional leaks), vented (intentional or designed releases) and as an unburned hydrocarbon from combustion. A robust GHG emissions reduction strategy would allow companies to evaluate and address emissions of all types.

Although volumetric methane emissions on a company level are not as high as CO2 emissions, because of the high global warming potential, methane on a CO2 equivalent basis is equal to or higher than CO2. Methane is often much simpler to address when considering costs and technical constraints. As a result, companies focusing on methane are able to make progress toward their GHG emissions reduction goals. Given the environmental impacts of methane, its economic value as an energy resource, and the relative ease of implementing mitigation projects, methane emissions reduction projects become an attractive area of focus for oil and gas companies as they look to reduce their GHG emissions and improve efficiency and economic co-benefits.

Development of a GHG emissions reduction strategy would streamline the process of addressing emissions and better position the company to undertake these endeavors. Implementation of an efficient approach, which has been successfully used by a large number of companies in the United States as well as globally, enables companies to better understand their current impact on the climate, identify potential project opportunities, and, lastly, follow through with implementation of key projects.
HLA Class II Genotyping of African American Type 1 Diabetic Patients Reveals Associations Unique to African Haplotypes
Authors: Noble Janelle A. , Johnson Jameel , Lane Julie A. , Valdes Ana M.
Published: June 2013

HLA genotyping was performed in African American type 1 diabetic patients (n = 772) and controls (n = 1,641) in the largest study of African Americans and type 1 diabetes reported to date. Cases were from Children’s Hospital and Research Center Oakland and from existing collections (Type 1 Diabetes Genetics Consortium [T1DGC], Diabetes Control and Complications Trial/Epidemiology of Diabetes Interventions and Complications [DCCT/EDIC], and Genetics of Kidneys in Diabetes [GoKinD]). Controls were from the T1DGC and from newborn bloodspot cards. The diversity of HLA DRB1-DQA1-DQB1 haplotypes and genotypes is far greater than that found in Europeans and European Americans. Association analyses replicated many type 1 diabetes risk effects of European-derived haplotypes but also revealed novel effects for African-derived haplotypes. Notably, the African-specific “DR3” haplotype DRB1*03:02-DQA1*04:01-DQB1*04:02 is protective for type 1 diabetes, in contrast to the common and highly-susceptible DR3 DRB1*03:01-DQA1*05:01-DQB1*02:01. Both DRB1*07:01 and DRB1*13:03 haplotypes are predisposing when they include DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02:01g but are protective with DQA1*02:01-DQB1*02:01g. The heterozygous DR4/DR9 genotype, containing the African-derived “DR9” haplotype DRB1*09:01-DQA1*03:01-DQB1*02:01g, exhibits extremely high risk (odds ratio = 30.88), approaching that for DR3/DR4 in European populations. Disease risk assessment for African Americans differs greatly from risk assessment in European populations. This has profound implications on risk screening programs and underscores the need for high-resolution genotyping of multiple populations for the rational design of screening programs with tests that will fairly represent the population being screened.
Remodeling the Integration of Lipid Metabolism Between Liver and Adipose Tissue by Dietary Methionine Restriction in Rats
Authors: Hasek Barbara E. , Boudreau Anik , Shin Jeho , Feng Daorong , Hulver Matthew , Van Nancy T. , Laque Amanda , Stewart Laura K. , Stone Kirsten P. , Wanders Desiree , Ghosh Sujoy , Pessin Jeffrey E. , Gettys Thomas W.
Published: June 2013

Dietary methionine restriction (MR) produces an integrated series of biochemical and physiological responses that improve biomarkers of metabolic health, limit fat accretion, and enhance insulin sensitivity. Using transcriptional profiling to guide tissue-specific evaluations of molecular responses to MR, we report that liver and adipose tissue are the primary targets of a transcriptional program that remodeled lipid metabolism in each tissue. The MR diet produced a coordinated downregulation of lipogenic genes in the liver, resulting in a corresponding reduction in the capacity of the liver to synthesize and export lipid. In contrast, the transcriptional response in white adipose tissue (WAT) involved a depot-specific induction of lipogenic and oxidative genes and a commensurate increase in capacity to synthesize and oxidize fatty acids. These responses were accompanied by a significant change in adipocyte morphology, with the MR diet reducing cell size and increasing mitochondrial density across all depots. The coordinated transcriptional remodeling of lipid metabolism between liver and WAT by dietary MR produced an overall reduction in circulating and tissue lipids and provides a potential mechanism for the increase in metabolic flexibility and enhanced insulin sensitivity produced by the diet.
Derivation and Validation of a Renal Risk Score for People With Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Elley C. Raina , Robinson Tom , Moyes Simon A. , Kenealy Tim , Collins John , Robinson Elizabeth , Orr-Walker Brandon , Drury Paul L.
Published: June 2013

OBJECTIVE

Diabetes has become the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD). Renal risk stratification could assist in earlier identification and targeted prevention. This study aimed to derive risk models to predict ESRD events in type 2 diabetes in primary care.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

The nationwide derivation cohort included adults with type 2 diabetes from the New Zealand Diabetes Cohort Study initially assessed during 2000–2006 and followed until December 2010, excluding those with pre-existing ESRD. The outcome was fatal or nonfatal ESRD event (peritoneal dialysis or hemodialysis for ESRD, renal transplantation, or death from ESRD). Risk models were developed using Cox proportional hazards models, and their performance was assessed in a separate validation cohort.

RESULTS

The derivation cohort included 25,736 individuals followed for up to 11 years (180,497 person-years; 86% followed for ≥5 years). At baseline, mean age was 62 years, median diabetes duration 5 years, and median HbA1c 7.2% (55 mmol/mol); 37% had albuminuria; and median estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 77 mL/min/1.73 m2. There were 637 ESRD events (2.5%) during follow-up. Models that included sex, ethnicity, age, diabetes duration, albuminuria, serum creatinine, systolic blood pressure, HbA1c, smoking status, and previous cardiovascular disease status performed well with good discrimination and calibration in the derivation cohort and the validation cohort (n = 5,877) (C-statistics 0.89–0.92), improving predictive performance compared with previous models.

CONCLUSIONS

These 5-year renal risk models performed very well in two large primary care populations with type 2 diabetes. More accurate risk stratification could facilitate earlier intervention than using eGFR and/or albuminuria alone.
A New Universal Simplified Adhesive: 18-Month Clinical Evaluation
Authors: Perdigão J , Kose C , Mena-Serrano AP , De Paula EA , Tay LY , Reis A , Loguercio AD
Published: June 2013

Purpose

To evaluate the 18-month clinical performance of a multimode adhesive (Scotchbond Universal Adhesive, SU, 3M ESPE, St Paul, MN, USA) in noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs) using two evaluation criteria.

Materials and Methods

Thirty-nine patients participated in this study. Two-hundred restorations were assigned to four groups: ERm, etch-and-rinse + moist dentin; ERd, etch-and-rinse + dry dentin; Set, selective enamel etching; and SE, self-etch. The composite resin, Filtek Supreme Ultra (3M ESPE), was placed incrementally. The restorations were evaluated at baseline, and at 18 months, using both the World Dental Federation (FDI) and the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) criteria. Statistical analyses were performed using Friedman repeated-measures analysis of variance by rank and McNemar test for significance in each pair (α=0.05).

Results

Five restorations (SE: 3; Set: 1; and ERm: 1) were lost after 18 months (p>0.05 for either criteria). Marginal staining occurred in four and 10% of the restorations evaluated (p>0.05), respectively, for USPHS and FDI criteria. Nine restorations were scored as bravo for marginal adaptation using the USPHS criteria and 38%, 40%, 36%, and 44% for groups ERm, ERd, Set, and SE, respectively, when the FDI criteria were applied (p>0.05). However, when semiquantitative scores (or SQUACE) for marginal adaptation were used, SE resulted in a significantly greater number of restorations, with more than 30% of the total length of the interface showing marginal discrepancy (28%) in comparison with the other groups (8%, 6%, and 8%, respectively, for ERm, ERd, and Set).

Conclusions

The clinical retention of the multimode adhesive at 18 months does not depend on the bonding strategy. The only differences between strategies were found for the parameter marginal adaptation, for which the FDI criteria were more sensitive than the USPHS criteria.
Effects of equine metabolic syndrome on inflammatory responses of horses to intravenous lipopolysaccharide infusion
Authors: Tadros Elizabeth M. , Frank Nicholas , Donnell Robert L.
Published: June 2013

Objective—To test the hypothesis that inflammatory responses to endotoxemia differ between healthy horses and horses with equine metabolic syndrome (EMS).

Animals—6 healthy horses and 6 horses with EMS.

Procedures—Each horse randomly received an IV infusion of lipopolysaccharide (20 ng/kg [in 60 mL of sterile saline {0.9% NaCl} solution]) or saline solution, followed by the other treatment after a 7-day washout period. Baseline data were obtained 30 minutes before each infusion. After infusion, a physical examination was performed hourly for 9 hours and at 15 and 21 hours; a whole blood sample was collected at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180, and 240 minutes for assessment of inflammatory cytokine gene expression. Liver biopsy was performed between 240 and 360 minutes after infusion.

Results—Following lipopolysaccharide infusion in healthy horses and horses with EMS, mean rectal temperature, heart rate, and respiratory rate increased, compared with baseline findings, as did whole blood gene expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α. The magnitude of blood cytokine responses did not differ between groups, but increased expression of IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor-α persisted for longer periods in EMS-affected horses. Lipopolysaccharide infusion increased liver tissue gene expressions of IL-6 in healthy horses and IL-8 in both healthy and EMS-affected horses, but these gene expressions did not differ between groups.

Conclusions and Clinical Relevance—Results supported the hypothesis that EMS affects horses’ inflammatory responses to endotoxin by prolonging cytokine expression in circulating leukocytes. These findings are relevant to the association between obesity and laminitis in horses with EMS.
New Evidence on the Impacts of Access to and Attending Universal Child-Care in Canada
Authors: Kottelenberg Michael J. , Lehrer Steven F.
Published: June 2013

In Canada, advocates of universal child-care often point to policies implemented in Quebec as providing a model for early education and care policies in other provinces. While these policies have proven to be highly popular among citizens, initial evaluations of access to these programs indicated they led to a multitude of undesirable child developmental, health, and family outcomes. These research findings ignited substantial controversy and criticism. In this study, we show the robustness of the initial analyses to 1) concerns over whether negative outcomes would vanish over time as suppliers gained experience providing child-care; 2)concerns regarding multiple testing; and 3) concerns that the original estimates measured the causal impact of child-care availability and not child-care attendance. A notable exception is that despite estimated effects stemming from the policy indicating declines in motor-social development scores in Quebec relative to the rest of Canada, our analyses imply that on average attending child-care in Canada leads to a significant increase in this test score. However, our analysis reveals substantial heterogeneity in program impacts that occur in response to the Quebec policies and indicates that most of the negative impacts reported in earlier research are driven by children from families who only attended child-care in response to the implementation of this policy.
Size, Structure, and Change: Exploring the Sources of Aboriginal Earnings Gaps in 1995 and 2005
Authors: Feir Donna
Published: June 2013

I investigate the trends and sources of the Aboriginal/non-Aboriginal annual earnings gap and the on-reserve annual earnings penalty. Three sources of these gaps are considered: differences in weeks worked, weekly earnings due to characteristics, and returns. I find that earnings differences between non-Aboriginals and Métis have declined due to convergence in the number of weeks worked. The on-reserve weekly earnings penalty has increased, possibly due to the changing proportion off-reserve. My study also examines the importance of taxes and transfers in reducing the earnings gap. While they do not eliminate most inequities, measured taxes and transfers eliminate the on-reserve earnings penalty for women.
Things That No One Can Say: The Unspeakable Act in Artaud’s Les Cenci
Authors: Vork Robert
Published: June 2013

The theories and lasting influence of Antonin Artaud have prompted two conflicting scholarly interpretations of his project. On the one hand, Artaud’s work can be viewed as the expression of a post-human, artistic visionary, providing radical insights into theatre that not only liberate the stage but potentially emancipate all subjective life. On the other hand, Artaud’s work can be read as the designs of a violent demagogue whose ideal Theatre of Cruelty attempts to excise all trace of individuality and lived personhood, both onstage and, disturbingly, in the place of the audience. This article argues that the two opposed interpretations of Artaud’s project, in fact, identify two irreconcilable facets of a single goal: the attempt to convey the force of trauma’s literally unspeakable subjective annihilation by performing it. Through a reading of Artaud’s dramatic work Les Cenci, this article explores the two-sided implications of the play’s traumatic re-enactment, ultimately suggesting that its annihilating force can be transfigured on the stage – and Artaud’s work can be extended beyond its self-imposed program of violence – if the Theatre of Cruelty is allowed to find its double in a Theatre of Dreams.
“The Great Imitator”: Staging Syphilis in A Doll House and Ghosts
Authors: Soloski Alexis
Published: June 2013

While critical attention has focused on Henrik Ibsen’s Ghosts and its controversial reception at its various European premieres, little attention has been paid to Ibsen’s use of syphilis or to the challenge that Ghosts and A Doll House pose for late-nineteenth-century theories of venereal disease. Reading these plays against contemporary medical literature, this essay argues that, rather than settling for a comforting conservatism (those who acquire syphilis have somehow deserved it), Ibsen, instead, condemns the constraining social practices that have led to its spread. By exploiting syphilis’s symptomatic confusion – it can imitate a host of other diseases – and introducing an aetiological conundrum, Ibsen does not condemn a sole person or a single circumstance but, instead, implicates a myriad of restrictive beliefs and customs; not least, the deleterious and condemnatory assumptions surrounding the disease itself. He may even intend Ghosts to function prophylactically. Far from desiring to contaminate spectators, Ibsen stages syphilis in order to protect audiences from more harmful societal ills.
The Genealogy of Major Barbara: Nietzschean Philosophy and the Shavian Play of Ideas
Authors: Kornhaber David
Published: June 2013

This article offers a reading of George Bernard Shaw’s Major Barbara as a response to the relationship between theatre and philosophy that Shaw encountered in Friedrich Nietzsche’s Birth of Tragedy. Figuring his characters explicitly along an Apollonian–Dionysian divide, Shaw contrasts the intellectual certainty of Barbara’s position, which he associates with the revelationist tenor of Nietzsche’s philosophy, with the intellectual contingency espoused by Undershaft, whom he associates with own vision of the stage as a “factory of thought.”
PPh3-Mediated One-Pot Synthesis of Functionalised 4-oxo-4H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2,a]pyrimidines
Authors: Hassanabadi Alireza
Published: June 2013

A one-pot synthesis of 4-oxo-4H-benzo[4,5]imidazo[1,2,a]pyrimidines from dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates and methyl benzimidazole-2-yl carbamate in the presence of triphenylphosphine is described.
Synthesis of New Perimidine Derivatives from the Reaction of 1,8-Diaminonapthalene with Iminoester Hydrochlorides
Authors: Kahveci Bahittin , Karaali Nesrin , Menteşe Emre , Yilmaz Fatih
Published: June 2013

An alternative procedure is described for the synthesis of 2-substituted perimidines involving the reaction of 1,8-diaminonapthalene with iminoester hydrochlorides of substituted phenylacetic acids under microwave irradiation. This leads to good yields in short reaction times. The results were compared with those that used conventional heating. This new method may be preferable for the synthesis of perimidines.
Medico-botanical studies of Sandwip island in Chittagong, Bangladesh
Authors: Sajib Noor Hassan , Uddin S. B.
Published: June 2013

A study of the plant diversity of Sandwip Island has been conducted during July 2008 to April 2011 in order to document plant species used as traditional herbal medicine. A total of 111 species under 93 genera of 53 families have been documented which are used for the treatment of 48 diseases/illness. The local people of the island mostly depended on herbal medicine for their primary health care. Twenty one recorded medicinal plant species are used for the treatment of various types of pain, 14 each for dysentery and rheumatism, 8 each for cough and haemorrhages, 7 for skin diseases, 6 for worms, 5 for boils, 4 each for jaundice and fracture, 3 each for chicken pox, fever and diabetes and 54 for other diseases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15463Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 39-49, 2013 (June)
A new combination in Litsea Lam. (Lauraceae) from north eastern India
Authors: Bhuinya Trina , Singh Paramjit
Published: June 2013

Not available.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v20i1.15470Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 20(1): 125-127, 2013 (June)
Virtual Relationship Violence and Perspectives on Punishment: Do Gender or Nationality Matter?
Authors: Marganski Alison
Published: June 2013

Given the increasingly popular use of socially interactive technology (SIT), it is believed that the way in which individuals communicate and experience relationships has drastically been changing. For those who partake in this electronic world, damaging behaviors akin to those found in the real world have emerged. Yet, we know little about the extent of these behaviors in the context of romantic relationships, especially from a gender or cultural standpoint. Research on dating violence generally indicates that women experience in-person victimization at higher rates than men, although some research has called this into question. It also suggests that some national groups experience higher rates of violence than others. However, research is almost non-existent when it comes to exploring violence in the digital world. This study investigated gender and nationality in (1) the nature and extent of socially interactive intimate violence, and (2) perceptions of the seriousness of virtual relationship violence. Using a sample of students from the United States and Poland, findings revealed that socially interactive technology may serve as a new avenue for aggressing against partners, as virtual relationship violence was not uncommon and reflected some patterns present in the real world. Some unexpected patterns also emerged. The results of this research signal a possible transferability of covert intimate violence and highlight ways in which inequalities may exist in our virtual worlds.
Perspectives to Performance of Environment and Health Assessments and Models—From Outputs to Outcomes?
Authors: Pohjola Mikko , Pohjola Pasi , Tainio Marko , Tuomisto Jouni
Published: June 2013

The calls for knowledge-based policy and policy-relevant research invoke a need to evaluate and manage environment and health assessments and models according to their societal outcomes. This review explores how well the existing approaches to assessment and model performance serve this need. The perspectives to assessment and model performance in the scientific literature can be called: (1) quality assurance/control, (2) uncertainty analysis, (3) technical assessment of models, (4) effectiveness and (5) other perspectives, according to what is primarily seen to constitute the goodness of assessments and models. The categorization is not strict and methods, tools and frameworks in different perspectives may overlap. However, altogether it seems that most approaches to assessment and model performance are relatively narrow in their scope. The focus in most approaches is on the outputs and making of assessments and models. Practical application of the outputs and the consequential outcomes are often left unaddressed. It appears that more comprehensive approaches that combine the essential characteristics of different perspectives are needed. This necessitates a better account of the mechanisms of collective knowledge creation and the relations between knowledge and practical action. Some new approaches to assessment, modeling and their evaluation and management span the chain from knowledge creation to societal outcomes, but the complexity of evaluating societal outcomes remains a challenge.
Multi-Source Data Processing Middleware for Land Monitoring within a Web-Based Spatial Data Infrastructure for Siberia
Authors: Eberle Jonas , Clausnitzer Siegfried , Hüttich Christian , Schmullius Christiane
Published: June 2013

Land monitoring is a key issue in Earth system sciences to study environmental changes. To generate knowledge about change, e.g., to decrease uncertaincy in the results and build confidence in land change monitoring, multiple information sources are needed. Earth observation (EO) satellites and in situ measurements are available for operational monitoring of the land surface. As the availability of well-prepared geospatial time-series data for environmental research is limited, user-dependent processing steps with respect to the data source and formats pose additional challenges. In most cases, it is possible to support science with spatial data infrastructures (SDI) and services to provide such data in a processed format. A data processing middleware is proposed as a technical solution to improve interdisciplinary research using multi-source time-series data and standardized data acquisition, pre-processing, updating and analyses. This solution is being implemented within the Siberian Earth System Science Cluster (SIB-ESS-C), which combines various sources of EO data, climate data and analytical tools. The development of this SDI is based on the definition of automated and on-demand tools for data searching, ordering and processing, implemented along with standard-compliant web services. These tools, consisting of a user-friendly download, analysis and interpretation infrastructure, are available within SIB-ESS-C for operational use.
Vitamin D Status Is Associated with Disease Activity among Rheumatology Outpatients
Authors: Sabbagh Zohreh , Markland Janet , Vatanparast Hassanali
Published: June 2013

The co-existence of high prevalence of vitamin D inadequacy among Canadians and high prevalence of systematic autoimmune rheumatic diseases (SARDs) raise the question on relationship between the two situations. Objective: To determine vitamin D status in known cases of common SARDs and compare to those with non-autoimmune diseases; further, to evaluate the impact of vitamin D on disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) cases. Methods: In a retrospective case-control study design, we evaluated 116 patients in a community clinic classified in two groups, Control group: patients with non-rheumatic disease (n = 56), and Case group: those with rheumatic diseases (n = 60). We compared plasma vitamin D status (25(OH)D), indicators of disease activity and other potential confounders. Further, we determined factors associated with disease activity in RA cases. Results: The plasma 25(OH)D was significantly lower in Case group (64.8 ± 29.8) compared to Control group (86.8 ± 37.7). High number of SARDs outpatients 56%) had considerably low plasma 25(OH)D concentration. RA cases with low plasma 25(OH)D had over five times higher risk of disease activity (OR = 5.15 95% CI 1.16, 22.9; p = 0.031). Conclusion: Inadequate vitamin D status in SARDs cases, along with considerably strong association with disease activity in RA cases, indicate the need for proper evaluation of vitamin D status in this clinical population. Moreover, appropriate training should be given to the patients to ensure the intake of the recommended amount of vitamin D per day through diet or supplement.
The Functional Role of Prion Protein (PrPC) on Autophagy
Authors: Shin Hae-Young , Oh Jae-Min , Kim Yong-Sun
Published: June 2013

Cellular prion protein (PrPC) plays an important role in the cellular defense against oxidative stress. However, the exact protective mechanism of PrPC is unclear. Autophagy is essential for survival, differentiation, development, and homeostasis in several organisms. Although the role that autophagy plays in neurodegenerative disease has yet to be established, it is clear that autophagy-induced cell death is observed in neurodegenerative disorders that exhibit protein aggregations. Moreover, autophagy can promote cell survival and cell death under various conditions. In this review, we describe the involvement of autophagy in prion disease and the effects of PrPC.
Rapid Detection of Viable Microorganisms Based on a Plate Count Technique Using Arrayed Microelectrodes
Authors: Bajwa Avneet , Tan Shaoqing , Mehta Ram , Bahreyni Behraad
Published: June 2013

Development of a miniaturized biosensor system that can be used for rapid detection and counting of microorganisms in food or water samples is described. The developed microsystem employs a highly sensitive impedimetric array of biosensors to monitor the growth of bacterial colonies that are dispersed across an agar growth medium. To use the system, a sample containing the bacteria is cultured above the agar layer. Using a multiplexing network, the electrical properties of the medium at different locations are continuously measured, recorded, and compared against a baseline signal. Variations of signals from different biosensors are used to reveal the presence of bacteria in the sample, as well as the locations of bacterial colonies across the biochip. This technique forms the basis for a label-free bacterial detection for rapid analysis of food samples, reducing the detection time by at least a factor of four compared to the current required incubation times of 24 to 72 hours for plate count techniques. The developed microsystem has the potential for miniaturization to a stage where it could be deployed for rapid analysis of food samples at commercial scale at laboratories, food processing facilities, and retailers.
Science Evaluation in the Czech Republic: The Case of Universities
Authors: Fiala Dalibor
Published: June 2013

In this paper, we review the current official methodology of scientific research output evaluation in the Czech Republic and present a case study on twenty-one Czech public universities. We analyze the results of four successive official research assessment reports from 2008 to 2011 and draw the following main conclusions: (a) the overall research production of the universities more than doubled in the period under investigation, with virtually all universities increasing their absolute research output each year, (b) the total research production growth is slowing down and (c) Charles University in Prague is still the top research university in the Czech Republic in both absolute and relative terms, but its relative share in the total research performance is decreasing in favor of some smaller universities. We also show that the rankings of universities based on the current methodology are quite strongly correlated with established indicators of scientific productivity. This is the first time ever that the official present-day Czech science policy and evaluation methodology along with the results for the Czech university system has been communicated to the international public.
The use of planar bone scintigraphy and HiSPECT for diagnosis of primary and concomitant flexor enthesopathy in the canine elbow
Authors: Peremans K. , Vermeire S. , Vandermeulen E. , Dobbeleir A. , Dik K. J. , Gielen I. , Saunders J. H. , Van Ryssen B. , de Bakker E.
Published: June 2013

Objective: To investigate the possibilities and limitations of planar bone scintigraphy and high resolution single photon emission computed tomography (HiSPECT) to diagnose flexor enthesopathy and to distinguish primary flexor enthesopathy from the concomitant form.

Materials and methods: A prospective study of 46 dogs with primary flexor enthesopathy, concomitant flexor enthesopathy, medial coronoid disease, and normal elbows was performed. All dogs underwent planar bone scintigraphy and HiSPECT imaging. The obtained images were visually scored for increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in the medial humeral epicondylar and medial coronoid process region using a score from 1-3.

Results: Planar bone scintigraphy demonstrated increased radiopharmaceutical uptake in all diseased elbow joints, except for one. HiSPECT demonstrated increased radiopharmaceutical uptake of the medial humeral epicondyle in nearly all clinically affected joints with primary and concomitant flexor enthesopathy. Additional uptake of the medial coronoid process was recorded in all clinically affected joints with concomitant flexor enthesopathy and in six out of 18 with primary flexor enthesopathy. No difference in intensity of the uptake was noticed.

Clinical significance: Planar bone scintigraphy allows the attribution of lameness to the elbow joint in cases of primary flexor enthesopathy with minimal or even absent radiographic changes. The more detailed HiSPECT enables the localization of pathology within the elbow joint and is a sensitive technique to detect flexor enthesopathy. However HiSPECT is insufficient to distinguish primary from concomitant flexor enthesopathy.
Use of a revision cup for treatment of Zurich cementless acetabular cup loosening
Authors: Vezzoni L. , Montinaro V. , Vezzoni A.
Published: June 2013

Loosening of the acetabular cup is one of the most common complications following total hip replacement and has an incidence rate of 1.8% to 36.8%. The objective of this study was to describe the surgical technique for the application of a cementless acetabular component specifically designed for treatment of cup loosening and preliminary clinical experience. The Kyon revision cup is composed of two components; the first is a perforated titanium outer shell with holes for 2.4 mm titanium screws, which is impacted into the acetabulum after removal of the loose cup and reaming of the acetabulum. It is secured with a variable number of screws. The second component is an inner plain titanium cup with an ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene insert, which is impacted into the outer shell to obtain press-fit stability. This revision cup was used in 31 dogs with cup loosening and a minimum follow-up period of six months. There were four intra-operative complications and two postoperative complications. The main intra-operative complication was difficulty inserting the inner cup into the outer shell. Postoperative complications included craniodorsal hip luxation in one dog, which was successfully managed, and cup loosening in another dog, which required explantation of the prosthesis. The main advantage of the revision cup appears to be increased implant stability afforded by screw fixation. Our initial clinical results in 31 dogs were promising; all but one dog had a successful clinical outcome.
The Use of 1.5-Anhydroglucitol for Monitoring Glycemic Control in Islet Transplant Recipients
Authors: Peixoto Eduardo Moraes Leao , Bozkurt Nujen Colak , Messinger Shari , Del Olmo García Maria Isabel , Lauriola Vincenzo , Corrales Andrea , Herrada Eva , Ricordi Camillo , Alejandro Rodolfo
Published: June 2013

We evaluated whether 1,5-anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) (GlycoMark®), a test for measuring postprandial glucose and glucose variability, could be a tool for assessing short-term glycemic control in islet cell transplant (ICT) subjects. Data of 21 subjects, with type 1 DM and allogenic islet transplantation, who had concomitant fructosamine, HbA1c, 1,5-AG ( n = 85 samples), and capillary glucose self-monitoring measurements ( n = 2,979) were analyzed retrospectively at different time points after ICT. A significant negative association was observed between 1,5-AG and HbA1c ( p = 0.02), but not with fructosamine. When HbA1c was divided in quartiles as <5.6, 5.6–5.9, 5.9–6.2, and >6.2, a decrease of an estimated 0.70 ± 0.30 μg/ml in 1,5-AG was associated with each quartile of increase in HbA1c ( p < 0.0001). There was a significant decline of 1.64 ± 0.3mg/dl in postprandial glucose values for each 1 unit increase in 1,5-AG ( p < 0.0001). For those with HbA1c ≥ 6.0% when 1,5-AG was ≥8.15 μg/ml, the mean estimated glucose level was 103.71 ± 3.66 mg/dl, whereas it was 132.12 ± 3.71 mg/ dl when 1,5-AG was <8.15 μg/ml. The glucose variability (Glumax - Glumin) in subjects with 1,5-AG <8.15 μg/ml was 46.23 mg/dl greater than the subjects with 1,5-AG ≥8.15 μg/ml (HbA1c ≥ 6.0%). There was no significant association between GlycoMark and glucose variability where HbA1c < 6%. 1,5-AG significantly associated with postprandial glucose levels and glucose variability in ICT recipients with near-normal HbA1c (6.0–6.5%) levels. These findings suggest that 1,5-AG can be used to differentiate those ICT subjects with higher glucose variability despite having near-normal HbA1c. However, prospective studies are needed to evaluate the association between GlycoMark levels and the parameters of graft dysfunction/failure.
La demande de raccordement des ménages auprès des petits opérateurs privés d'eau potable
Authors: Briand Anne , Loyal Amandine
Published: June 2013

L’article vise à analyser le choix de raccordement des ménages aux réseaux spontanés d’eau potable développés par des petits opérateurs privés (pops) dans les quartiers périphériques de Maputo (Mozambique) grâce aux données d’une enquête réalisée auprès de 880 ménages. L’estimation de modèles Probit permet de dégager des résultats nouveaux sur l’accès à l’eau des ménages en Afrique. En particulier, nous montrons que les quartiers périphériques de la capitale sont hétérogènes et que les réseaux développés par les pops ne sont toujours pas accessibles aux ménages les plus pauvres (vivant avec moins d’un dollar par jour et par personne).
La constellation comme association : l'affect, le corps et la communauté dans les textes des années 1920-1930 de Walter Benjamin
Authors: Lee Changnam
Published: June 2013

Dans ses écrits de 1920-1930, Benjamin nous donne des représentations du corps déformé comme le nain bossu, les animaux, etc. Ces diverses figures montrent le décalage entre le corps profane et la divinité. Cela nous questionne sur la formation moderne de la communauté qui ignore systématiquement l’affect et le corps. Dans cette optique, nous relisons les textes de Benjamin en nous concentrant sur la formation de la communauté et de la socialité. Nous réemployons sa notion de « constellation » comme un pôle alternatif de la formation de la communauté. Notre recherche suggère la constellation comme une nouvelle forme et vision de l’association antimoderne.
Ruses adaptatives, résistances et stratégies de survie dans l'École de la seconde modernité
Authors: Mabilon-Bonfils Béatrice
Published: June 2013

La postmodernité impose la réévaluation de la notion de sujet et de subjectivation, ce qui se traduit par des mutations dans les modalités de construction des règles et des normes scolaires. Entre subjectivation et emprise, l’institution scolaire s’autorise de multiples arrangements ordinaires auxquels les élèves répondent par des résistances, des ruses adaptatives, véritables stratégies de survie d’une école en tensions et mouvements. Ce qui est symptomatique, c’est que ces réponses ne se réduisent ni à des stratégies individuelles, ni à des résistances mais s’articulent avec des modes de solidarité collective affinitaire.
Análisis de propiedades del transporte de humedad en bloques de hormigón
Authors: Mustelier N. L. , Rocha J. C. , Cheriaf M.
Published: June 2013

Las propiedades de absorción de humedad de los bloques de hormigón tienen influencias significativas en el comportamiento a la penetración de agua de lluvia. El conocimiento de estas propiedades es necesario para poder contar con información técnica que permita la construcción de paredes con vida útil prolongada.

En el presente articulo se realizó un análisis comparativo de dos bloques de hormigón estructurales en relación a sus propiedades físicas y de transporte de humedad: porosidad abierta, masa especifica así como la tasa inicial de absorción (IRA), absorción total y la absorción en función del tiempo, con la obtención de la sorptividad como código de medición preciso y confiable.

Los resultados mostraron que la sorptividad no es aplicable en el caso de los bloques de hormigón D2 y se presenta la curva media de absorción en función del tiempo como un nuevo parámetro de caracterización que permite analizar el comportamiento y las peculiaridades de los bloques desde el instante inicial hasta la saturación.
Skrifberoep en oorlogsvraagstuk
Authors: Van Wyk A.
Published: June 2013

Saam met die besoedelings-, bevolkings-, honger- en energievraagstuk, vorm die oorlogsvraagstuk een van die groot wêreldvraagstukke van die tweede helfte van die twintigste eeu. Miskien is die oorlogsvraagstuk, veral vanweë die grootte en hoeveelheid vernietigende wapens, die grootste van die vyf.
Memorandum op die beswaarskrif oor die diakenamp
Authors: Floor L.
Published: June 2013

Die probleem in die beswaarskrif voor die Sinode 1973 spits hom toe op die vraag: wat is die objek van die diakonale diens? Is dit die hele gemeente of alleen ’n gedeelte van die gemeente nl. die armes? In verband hiermee moet ook gevra word: welke spesifieke opdrag is inherent aan die diakenamp?
Verbond of koninkryk?
Authors: Van Rooy J. A.
Published: June 2013

Naas die teoloë wat geen integrerende eenheidslyn in die Ou Testament sien nie, omdat God se openbaring te ryk is om onder een tema saam te vat, of uit ander oorwegings wat nie nou hier ter sake is nie, is daar ook diegene wat wel meen dat hulle so ’n integrerende eenheidslyn daarin bespeur. Vir ’n breedvoerige bespreking hiervan kan ek verwys na dr. H. Denkema se artikel in hierdie blad, Jaargang 9, Nr. 33.
Die Abba-belewing by Jesus
Authors: Floor L.
Published: June 2013

Ons belewe vandag woelige tye. Nie alleen in die politiek nie maar ook in die teologie. Verskillende rukwinde in die veld van die teologie het ons al geskok. Eers was daar die God-is-dood-teologie van Th. J. J. Altizer e.a. Daarna het soos ’n aandwindjie die teologie van die hoop gekom.
Is die ‘ouderlingamp’ in Hand. 6 ingestel?
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

In die vorige uitgawe (jrg. 10, nr. 37) opper kollega Floor interessante menings en beskouinge oor die Presbiter by Lukas en Paulus. Die kort artikel openbaar wye belesenheid en kennis van veral Duitse skrywers soos Kaseman, Schweizer, Von Campenhausen en Goppelt. Op hulle voetspoor waag hy hom tot ’n stelling dat ons in Hand. 6 ‘die instelling van die ouderlingamp kry’.
Moderne theologie en het Neo-Marxisme, verenigd in de Wereldraad van Kerken
Authors: Velema W. H.
Published: June 2013

De moderne theologie wordt door twee motieven beheerst. Zij wil antwoord geven op de vragen van onze tijd. Dat is geen slecht motief. Men kan immers niet theologiseren buiten de tijd om.
Kantaantekeninge by die formele en materiële beginsels van die Suid-Afrikaanse kerkgeskiedskrywing
Authors: Brown E.
Published: June 2013

Die totstandkoming van ons Kerkhistoriese Werkgemeenskap staan sekerlik in die teken van ’n ‘geschichtliche Bevifusstsein’ met betrekking tot die kerkgeskiedenis in ons land. In die geskiedenis van die ecclesia patria val dit nie sonder rede met die toenemende pleitredes vir ’n krities (teologiese) beoefening van hierdie vakgebied saam nie.
Die vraag na ’n nuwe belydenis, met besondere verwysing na die ‘Proeve’
Authors: Coetzee P. J.
Published: June 2013

Uit Matt. 16:16–18 blyk dat daar ’n allernouste verband deur Christus gelê is tussen kerk en belydenis. Die belydenis staan ook in onmiddellike verband met die bediening van die sleutelmag (vgl. vr. 84 H. Kateg.).
Die Gereformeerde Kerk in Suid-Afrika en die oorlogsvraagstuk
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

Dit kan nie ontken word nie dat daar in die Geref. Kerk in SA tot onlangs nog baie weinig besin is oor die oorlogsvraagstuk. Hierdie stand van sake hang daarmee saam dat deelname aan ’n oorlog – ’n regverdige oorlog – selde of nooit as ’n etiese probleem aangevoel is nie.
Die roeping van die predikant in die taak van die kerk t.o.v. volkereverhoudinge
Authors: Postma J.
Published: June 2013

In hoofsaak kan saamgestem word met dit wat die inleier gesê het i.v.m. die taak van die kerk. Dit wil sê wat hy gesê het oor die kerk wat per se eintlik die lidmate is. Ons onderwerp is egter meer gespesialiseerd. Dit gaan nie nou oor die amp van alle gelowiges in hierdie bepaalde omstandigheid nie maar in casu oor die besondere amp van die bedienaar van die Woord, d.w.s. die predikant veral in die profetiese amp en ook gedeeitelik in die koninklike amp, want ons belydenis sien die predikant ook as ’n ouderling.
Begrafnisgebruike in verlede en hede
Authors: Roeleveld L.
Published: June 2013

Begrafnisgebruike weerspieël dikwels die kulturele en godsdienstige gevoelens van die betrokke volksgroep. In die volgende word gegewens uit die praktyk van ons Christelike voorgeslag verwerk wat ek by navorsing vir ander doeleindes op die spoor gekom het. Die toetsing van die Skrifgebruik soos ek dit in die bronne aangetref het, laat ek graag aan meer bevoegde lesers oor.
Calvyn en die grense van die Kerk
Authors: Spoelstra B.
Published: June 2013

Die Reformasie wentel om die leer van die kerk. Kerkhervorming wil immers die kerk terugbring binne sy eintlike grense. Rome het die grense van die universale kerk en koninkryk van God laat saamval met die sigbare kerk. Die bekende ubi papa ibi ecclesia toon hoe die grense van die kerk met die institusionele priesterdom geïdentifiseer is.
’n Vergelyking van die struktuur van die buite- Bybelse staatsverdrae — met besondere aandag aan die Sefire-verdrae — met die struktuur van Deuteronomium
Authors: Van Rooy H. C.
Published: June 2013

Hierdie studie handel oor die moontlike verband tussen die struktuur van die buite-Bybelse staatsverdrae en die struktuur van die verbond in die Ou Testament. Oor hierdie saak bestaan daar geen eenstemmigheid nie en hierdie stand van sake was die stimulus vir die ondersoek om daardeur selfstandig die hele saak in oënskou te neem en so tot ’n eie standpunt te kom.
Communio en Admissio ’n Inleidende studie oor die toelating van gaste tot die nagmaal
Authors: Van Wyk J. H.
Published: June 2013

Gaan ons die Skrifgegewens na i.v.m. wie toelating tot die heilige nagmaal het, dan is dit nie veel nie. Ook word alle vrae nie ewe uitdruklik beantwoord nie, bv. die vraag na die kinderkommunie (al weet ons uit die kerkgeskiedenis dat dit wel voorkomend was).
Diskussie oor die millenium en die herstel van Israel
Authors: Engelbrecht van Waverley J. J.
Published: June 2013

Dit verheug my dat daar eindelik gereageer word op my boekie. Behalwe telefoonoproepe en briewe van medechiliaste was daar tot dusver geen kommentaar van anti-chiliastiese kant. Ek het die boekie aan ongeveer 1800 predikante en professore gestuur en vriendelik uitgenooi tot nuwe besinning. Net soos oor die soteriologie, is die Bybel nêrens in teëspraak met homself oor die eskatologie nie. God gee in sy Woord nie vir ons drie verskillende toekomsbeelde om uit te kies nie. God is een en sy profetiese Woord is deurgaans eenstemmig m.b.t. die raad van God oor Israel, die nasies en die kerk.
A collection of Book Reviews for Volume 12, Number 46
Authors: Kruger M. A.
Published: June 2013

Hierdie spesiale uitgawe van Missionalia bevat die referate en die reaksie daarop deur sekere persone wat vooraf daarvoor aangewys is, van die byeenkoms van die Sendingwetenskaplike Werkgemeenskap van S.A. aan die begin van 1977. Dit bied ook aan die einde uit die hand van twee van die aanwesiges ’n profetiese evaluering van die kongres.
Die lewe van die Christen in die wêreld van sosiaal-politiese spanninge
Authors: Van W. de Vries K. S.
Published: June 2013

Ek het besluit om hierdie keer nie geleerd en wetenskaplik te skrywe nie maar om eenvoudig te bly, sodat die eenvoudigste onder ons ook by kan bly. Daarom praat en skryf ek soos ek dink. Dit bring ’n taal en styl na vore wat u miskien sal hinder, maar dit is my eie en ek bied dit nie vir navolging aan nie. U sal ook gou agterkom dat ek nie alles nie, inteendeel, baie min weet en die gebrek aan wysheid en kennis agter baie woorde probeer verberg - ook dit is nie navolgingswaardig nie, maar ek voel dat ek dit vandag so moet doen en daarom doen ek dit. En ek skuif my poginkie gerieflik in onder die magistrale na-klanke van die uitnemende sermoen wat u so pas gehoor het.
Uit tydskrifte
Authors: Office Editorial
Published: June 2013

In De Waarheidsvriend (Jrg. 65, Nr. 33) spreek die redakteur, Ir. Van der Graaf, hom sterk uit teen die PCR (Program to combat racism) van die Wêreldraad van Kerke. Hy noem dit “absoluut verwerplik”, en verskaf daarby die informasie dat die afgelope jare, 1970—76, twee en ’n half miljoen rand aan hierdie program van die Wêreldraad vir die finansiering van terrorisme geskenk is. Hiervan het uit die kleine Nederland byna die helfte, nl. ongeveer R l , l miljoen gekom, sewe keer soveel as uit die magtige en ryk Amerika, waar sewentien keer soveel mense as in Nederland woon. Ander lande waar die kerke ook ruim bygedra het, maar nie naastenby soveel as in Nederland nie, is Swede en Wes-Duitsland.