bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Confort térmico en el trópico húmedo, caso de estudio, vivienda de interés social del distrito de buenaventura
Authors:   Universidad del Pacifico, Carabalí Castro Herver Javier , Palomino Márquez Jaime Esteban ,   Universidad del Pacifico
Published: March 2021

El ser humano a través de su historia, como ser sedentario, ha buscado la manera de resguardarse de diferentes formas de las adversidades que presenta su entorno, pasando por las antiguas cuevas y cavernas, las cuales presentaban un ambiente austero, rústico y de pocas comodidades; en donde solucionaba el primer problema, el cual era, el resguardo de los elementos climáticos y en su momento de las amenazas animales de entonces, aunque presentaba unas condiciones de habitabilidad mínima; después tras la búsqueda de dominar nuevos materiales y herramientas, impulsó al hombre a crear sus refugios, con materiales de piel y ramas, en donde ubicaba una fogata cerca a estas para brindar una calidez en su espacio, mejorando por primera vez su confort.
Prescription Drugs and the US Workforce:
Results from a National Safety Council Survey
Authors: Abd-Elsayed Alaa
Published: March 2021

Background: The cost of chronic pain in the United States is extremely high. Opioids are one
of the most common medications prescribed for the treatment of chronic pain, and their misuse
and addiction have been of concern. It has been found that opioids are frequently abused and
negatively impact the American workforce.
Objectives: The objective of this study was to obtain data on US employers’ concerns and
priorities, perceptions of prescription drug abuse, perceived impact of prescription drug use
on the workplace, identification of and response to drug abuse, perceived ability to handle
prescription drug abuse in the workplace, and workplace initiatives, employee assistance
programs, employee drug testing, workplace prescription drug training, insurance coverage of
alternative treatment, and overall preparedness to deal with the issue.
Study Design: This research used an employer proprietary questionnaire created by members
of the National Safety Council in cooperation with market research experts at B2B International.
Setting: Employers surveyed via an online survey represent diverse industries and geographical
areas.
Methods: The research was conducted using a proprietary questionnaire. Participants were
recruited from a sample of verified panelists through Research Now, and fieldwork was
conducted online by B2B International. This report is on 501 interviews that each represent a US
employer with 50 or more employees. The employers sampled are extremely diverse in not only
size and industry, but also geography and centralization.
Results: Our results showed that 67% of employers reported concerns related to prescription
drug misuse, which was comparable to workplace violence and more concerning than the use
of illegal drugs. Sixty-one percent reported concerns related to prescription opioids, which was
a higher concern than using anti-anxiety medications, stimulants, and even heroin.
Limitations: Survey study with descriptive analysis with limited sample.
Conclusions: Prescription drug misuse and abuse concern American employers. Their side
effects are clear, but employers are less likely to acknowledge their detrimental business effect.
Employers report being unprepared for dealing with issues related to this; however, the firms
with programs in place feel more prepared to deal with misuse and abuse.
Key words: Prescription drugs, US workforce, chronic pain
Percutaneous Transforaminal Endoscopic Lumbar
Interbody Fusion for Degenerative Lumbar
Diseases: A Consecutive Case Series with Mean
2-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Huang Yazeng
Published: March 2021

Background: Conventional open surgical procedures may cause massive dissections of the spine,
higher perioperative complications, prolonged hospitalization, protracted rehabilitation programs
and recovery. Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar interbody fusion (PELIF) is an evolving treatment
option.
Objectives: To present the detailed procedure and preliminary clinical and radiologic results of
PELIF for degenerative lumbar diseases.
Study Design: A retrospective cohort study.
Setting: A university affiliated tertiary hospital.
Methods: The medical records of patients with degenerative lumbar diseases who underwent
PELIF between January 2016 and December 2017 were retrospectively reviewed. Surgical level,
surgical time, blood loss, hospital length of stay, and perioperative complications were discussed.
Patients were also evaluated for pain by the Visual Analog Scale (VAS), and functional assessment
by the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) and the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), including
Physical Component Summary (PCS) and Mental Component Summary (MCS) preoperatively,
postoperatively, and during the follow-up period.
Results: Thirty-nine consecutive patients (25 men and 14 women) with a mean age of 59.0
years (range, 39-77 years) were enrolled. The average surgical time was 213.8 ± 31.7 minutes
(range, 185-324 minutes). Mean estimated blood loss was 25.0 ± 12.6 mL (range, 15-50 mL). At
the latest follow-up visit, the VAS scores for back pain, leg pain, ODI, and SF-36 (MCS/PCS) scores
improved 89.5%, 95.0%, 71.2%, and 37.5%/58%, respectively. Reoperations were performed in
one patient for residual disc mass and one for misplacement of pedicle screw. Fusion was achieved
in all patients.
Limitations: The presented results are preliminary and should be interpreted taking the
limitations into account, including nonrandomized design, relatively small sample size, and less
intensive follow-up period.
Conclusions: The presented PELIF technique seems to be a promising surgical alternative for
the treatment of patients with specific degenerative lumbar diseases. Randomized studies with
larger sample size and long-term follow-up duration are needed to validate the superiorities of this
versatile surgery.
Key words: Endoscopic, minimally invasive spine surgery, lumbar interbody fusion, disc
herniation, spondylolisthesis
Effects of Intraoperative Low-Dose Ketamine on
Persistent Postsurgical Pain after Breast Cancer
Surgery: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled,
Double-Blind Study
Authors: Cho Ah-Reum
Published: March 2021

Background: Compared to acute postsurgical pain, studies regarding the role of ketamine in
persistent postsurgical pain (PPSP) are limited.
Objectives: The aim of this clinical trial was to test if intraoperative low-dose ketamine without
postoperative infusion would reduce PPSP development after breast cancer surgery.
Study design: We used a randomized, double-blinded, placebo study design.
Setting: This study was conducted at Pusan National University Hospital, Republic of Korea,
between December 2013 and August 2016.
Methods: A total of 184 patients scheduled for breast cancer surgery were randomly assigned
to either the control or ketamine group. Before skin incision, a bolus (0.5 mg/kg of ketamine
or placebo), followed by a continuous infusion (0.12 mg/kg/h of ketamine or placebo), was
administered until the end of the surgery. The patients were interviewed via telephone 1, 3, and
6 months after surgery. The first question was whether the patient had surgery-related pain. If
answered affirmatively, questions from the Numeric Rating Scale for pain at rest (NRSr) and for
coughing (NRSd) were also asked. Our primary outcome was the incidence of PPSP at 3 months
after surgery.
Results: For PPSP analysis, 168 patients were included. The number of patients who experienced
pain was significantly lower in the ketamine group at 3 months (86.9% in the control group vs
69.0% in the ketamine group, P = .005) postoperatively. However, the NRSr and NRSd did not
differ between the groups throughout the follow-up.
Limitations: There were no postoperative low-dose ketamine infusion groups to compare due to
hospital regulations. Dosage of ketamine was too low to reduce the severity of PPSP. And by using
propofol and remifentanil for anesthesia, different results can be deduced with volatile anesthetics.
Data from written questionnaires would have been more specific than telephone interviews for
long-term assessment.
Conclusions: Though intraoperative low-dose ketamine without postoperative infusion
significantly reduced the incidence of PPSP up to 3 months after breast cancer surgery, it failed to
reduce clinically significant PPSP and improve patients’ quality of life.
Key words: Analgesia, breast cancer, chronic pain, ketamine, mastectomy, morphine, pain,
postoperative, propofol
Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Erector Spinae Plane
Block Versus Transversus Abdominis Plane Block
on Postoperative Analgesia after Total Abdominal
Hysterectomy
Authors: Kamel Alshaimaa Abdel Fattah
Published: March 2021

Background: Transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blocks provide postoperative pain relief after
various abdominal surgeries. Recently, erector spinae plane (ESP) block has obtained vast attention
due to its simplicity and usage in truncal procedures.
Objectives: This study aims to compare the ultrasound-guided bilateral ESP block versus bilateral
TAP block on postoperative analgesia after open total abdominal hysterectomy.
Study Design: A prospective, double-blinded, randomized, controlled, clinical trial.
Setting: Zagazig University Hospitals.
Methods: After ending of surgical procedure and before reversing of the muscle relaxant, 48
women were randomly allocated into 2 equal groups: erector spinae (ES) group received bilateral
ultrasound-guided ESP block with 20 mL of bupivacaine 0.375% plus 5 ug/mL adrenaline
(1:200000) in each side at the level of T9, and transversus abdominis (TA) group received bilateral
ultrasound-guided TAP block with the same volume of bupivacaine plus adrenaline.
Results: Visual Analog Scale scores at 30 minutes, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, and 24 hours were
statistically significantly lower in the ES group compared with the TA group. The time for
requirement of first morphine was highly statistically significantly prolonged in the ES group (14.81
± 3.52 hours) compared with the TA group (10.58 ± 2.35 hours). The total amount of morphine
consumption in 24 hours postoperatively was statistically significantly decreased in the ES group; P
= 0.01. Incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was higher but statistically insignificant in
the TA group than the ES group. There were statistically significant numbers of unsatisfied patients
(4) in the TA group compared with the ES group (no patient).
Limitations: Sensorial evaluation of patients was not performed because both blocks had been
done under general anesthesia but did not affect outcome. Therefore we recommend further
studies comparing between both blocks.
Conclusions: Bilateral ultrasound-guided ESP block provides more potent and longer
postoperative analgesia with less morphine consumption than TAP block after open total
abdominal hysterectomy.
Key words: Abdominal hysterectomy, transversus abdominis plane block, erector spinae plane
block, postoperative analgesia
Transversus Abdominis Plane Block as a
Treatment Modality for Chronic Abdominal Pain
Authors: Abd-Elsayed Alaa
Published: March 2021

Background: This study describes the use of transversus abdominis plane (TAP)
blocks to treat and manage chronic abdominal pain (CAP) in patients who have
exhausted other treatment options. Typically, this is a procedure prescribed for
treating acute abdominal pain following abdominal surgery. Here we evaluate the
use of TAP blocks for longer relief from CAP.
Objectives: To assess the efficacy of TAP blocks for pain control in patients with
CAP.
Study Design: This was a retrospective chart review and analysis of TAP blocks
performed over 5 years. This project qualified for institutional review board exemption.
Setting: This study was completed at an academic institution.
Methods: We reviewed the charts of 92 patients who received TAP blocks for
CAP after previous treatment was ineffective. Some patients underwent multiple
TAP blocks, with a total of 163 individual procedures identified. For most blocks, a
solution of 0.25% bupivacaine and triamcinolone was injected into the TAP. Efficacy
of the injection was measured using pain scores, percent improvement, and duration
of relief from pain.
Results: TAP blocks were associated with a statistically significant (P ≤ 0.05)
improvement in abdominal pain scores in 81.9% of procedures. Improvement was
50.3% ± 39.0% with an average duration of 108 days after procedures with ongoing
pain relief at time of follow-up were removed. There was a significant reduction in
emergency department visits for abdominal pain before and after the procedure (P
≤ 0.05).
Limitations: This was a retrospective chart review with lack of a control group.
Conclusions: TAP blocks can be extrapolated for treating abdominal pain beyond
acute settings. TAP injections can be considered as a treatment option for patients
with somatosensory CAP refractory to other forms of pain management.
Key words: Abdominal pain, transversus abdominis plane block, chronic pain,
chronic abdominal pain, pain management, somatosensory pain, transversus
abdominis plane, steroid injection
Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy:
Indications and Complications
Authors: Meng Bin
Published: March 2021

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) often refers to percutaneous
endoscopic transforaminal discectomy (PETD) and percutaneous endoscopic interlaminar
discectomy (PEID). As a minimally invasive spinal procedure, PELD has gained increasing recognition
for its small incision, quick recovery, short hospital stay, and equivalent clinical outcome compared
to open surgery. In order to obtain satisfactory clinical efficacy, adequate consideration should be
given regarding the indication of PELD. On the other hand, complications related to PELD will also
significantly affect the safety and outcome of surgery.
Objective: Our objective was to conduct a literature review of the indications and complications
of PELD and to provide our experience in patient selection and solutions to complications related
to PELD.
Study Design: The study is a literature review focused on the indications and complications of
PELD.
Setting: The study is a literature review on the indications and complications of PELD.
Methods: A comprehensive review of available literature on PELD was performed. Particular
focus was given to the development of indications and prevention of complications. The literature
was searched in PubMed database, and key words were set as “percutaneous endoscopic lumbar
discectomy”, “percutaneous endoscopic transforaminal discectomy”, “percutaneous endoscopic
interlaminar discectomy”, “PELD”, “PETD”, “PEID”, “YESS” and “TESSYS”.
Results: PELD is an effective and safe treatment for lumbar disc herniation, lumbar spinal stenosis,
recurrent lumbar disc herniation, and other lumbar diseases. Complications related to PELD include
dural tear, nerve root injury, recurrence, and so on.
Limitations: Some results drawn in this review are based on retrospective study or small sample
size. Studies of larger sample size and more multicenter, randomized controlled trials should be
conducted to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of PELD.
Conclusions: PELD is a promising surgical technique for lumbar diseases. Proper patient selection,
excellent surgical skills, and rich experience are required for satisfactory outcomes.
Key words: Complications, indications, minimally invasive spine surgery, PELD
Comparison of Epidural Pressure Decrease
Pattern According to Different Lumbar Epidural
Approaches
Authors: Hong Jihee
Published: March 2021

Background: During lumbar epidural injection (LEI) using a midline approach, we might encounter
failure of identifying the epidural space owing to an equivocal or absent loss of resistance (LOR)
sensation. The reason for such absence of LOR sensation has been suggested as paucity of midline
ligamentum flavum, paravertebral muscle, and cyst in the interspinous ligament of the lumbar
spine. Despite its low specificity, LOR is the most commonly used method to identify the epidural
space.
Objectives: The purpose of this study was to analyze lumbar epidural pressure decrease patterns
and identify factors contributing to this pressure decrease.
Study Design: Prospective randomized trial.
Setting: An interventional pain management practice in South Korea.
Methods: This prospective study included 104 patients receiving LEI due to lumbar radiculopathy.
A midline or paramedian approach of LEI was determined with randomization. Among various
factors, gender, age, body mass index (BMI), and diagnosis were analyzed using a subgroup that
included 60 cases of only a paramedian approach.
Results: Grades I, II (abrupt decrease), and III (gradual decrease) were found as patterns of epidural
pressure decrease. Abrupt pressure decrease was more frequently observed in the paramedian
group (P < 0.001). Age, gender, BMI, and diagnosis did not show any significant difference in
frequencies between abrupt and gradual pressure decrease.
Limitations: We could not match LOR sensation with epidural pressure decrease shown in the
monitor.
Conclusions: This study demonstrates that abrupt pressure decrease occurs more frequently with
the paramedian approach. However, age, gender, BMI, or diagnosis did not affect the incidence of
epidural pressure decrease.
Key words: Epidural, paramedian, midline, pressure decrease
Cocktail Treatment with a Gelatin Sponge
Impregnated with Ropivacaine, Dexamethasone,
and Vitamin B12 Promotes Early Postoperative
Recovery after Percutaneous Endoscopic Lumbar
Discectomy: A Retrospective, Case-Controlled Study
Authors: Hao Ding-Jun
Published: March 2021

Background: Percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD) can only relieve mechanical
compression but cannot directly reduce the inflammatory reaction of the adjacent nerve root,
which contributes to persistent pain and physical disabilities postoperatively. Numerous studies
have explored the application of epidural steroids after an open lumbar discectomy in relieving pain
by reducing local inflammatory reactions and further peridural scar formation.
Objectives: To explore that whether “cocktail treatment” in which a gelatin sponge was
impregnated with ropivacaine, dexamethasone, and vitamin B12 promoted early postoperative
recovery after PELD.
Study Design: Retrospective, case-controlled study.
Setting: All data were from Hong-Hui Hospital in Xi’an.
Methods: Between January 2016 and January 2017, 100 patients of single-level lumbar disc
herniation were treated with PELD in our hospitals. The cocktail treatment was applied in the first
50 patients (group cocktail), and an equal size gelatin sponge without drugs was used in the other
50 patients as control (group noncocktail). The clinical outcome evaluation included the Visual
Analog Scale (VAS) score for back and leg pain and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) score.
Results: There was a significant difference in the mean periods of return to work (4.25 ± 1.88
weeks in the cocktail group and 5.18 ± 2.19 weeks in the noncocktail group) (P < 0.01). Compared
with the preoperative data, a significant improvement in VAS scores of back pain and sciatica
and ODI were observed in each follow-up interval (P < 0.05, respectively). In the noncocktail
group, there were visible fluctuations in the 3 indicators within the first week after surgery. This
phenomenon was not observed in the cocktail group, a difference that was statistically significant
(P < 0.05, respectively). In further follow-up, no significant differences were observed between the
2 groups (P > 0.05, respectively).
Limitations: The nonrandomized, single-center, retrospective design is a major limitation of this
study.
Conclusions: The “cocktail treatment” with a gelatin sponge impregnated with ropivacaine,
dexamethasone, and vitamin B12 promotes early and satisfactory back and leg pain relief and fast
functional recovery after PELD.
Key words: Endoscopic lumbar discectomy, lumbar disc herniation, steroids, nerve root block,
gelatin sponge
Physical and mechanical properties recycled hot mix asphalt based on milled asphalt with the plastic fiber addition
Authors:   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Poltava, Ukraine, Demchenko Oksana , Mishchenko Roman ,   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Poltava, Ukraine, Ilchenko Volodymyr ,   National University «Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic», Poltava, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

Introduction. The current state of the network of public roads due to the negative impact of climatic factors and ever-increasing traffic loads characterized by significant amounts of deformation and destruction of the road structure so requires significant material costs for maintenance and gradual improvement of a transport and operational condition according to the operating regulatory requirements.Problem Statement. One of the promising areas to reduce the cost of road construction is manufacturing the recycled hot mix asphalt based on milled asphalt, which is usually formed in scarifying of the road surface layers during repair and construction works, with the plastic fiber addition obtained from household plastic waste. This combination of secondary materials will not only get the economic effect of reducing the cost of purchasing new road construction materials but also improve the environmental situation through the use of household waste.Purpose. Investigation of physical and mechanical properties of recycled hot mix asphalt based on milled asphalt with the plastic fiber addition Materials and Methods. It was established the manufacturing possibility of recycled hot mix asphalt based on milled asphalt with the plastic fiber addition. Test specimens performance measuring was conducted to determine the average density of the material, water saturation, swelling at ultimate compressive strength in the laboratory conditions according to standardized techniques by current regulations.Results. The results of experimental studies regarding the manufacturing features and physical and mechanical properties of recycled hot mix asphalt based on milled asphalt with the addition of plastic fiber obtained from household waste are shown.Conclusion. The correspondence of the manufactured specimens of recycled hot mix asphalt to regulations is established as well as its road construction application options.Keywords: asphalt pavement, recycled hot mix asphalt, hot recycled, milled asphalt, plastic fiber, (RHMA), reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP).
Study of the influence of the efficiency of application of asphalt concrete reinforced by basaltic fiber
Authors:   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Onyshchenko Artur , Garkusha Mykola ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе, Fedorenko Oleksandr ,   КК «Кyivavtodor», Kyiv, Ukraine, Plazii Yevgen ,   National Transport University, Kyiv, Ukrainе
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Increasing the load on highways and constantly increasing the intensity of traffic requires the use of road construction materials with improved physical and mechanical properties. Asphalt concrete is one of the most common and effective materials, which allows to provide the necessary strength and durability of the pavement structure. However, the use of traditional materials for its preparation - mineral material and road bitumen has a limited resource, which does not always meet traffic conditions. Modern scientific research in materials science allows to use mixtures of asphalt concrete and asphalt concrete road with the use of basalt fiber.Apply mixtures of asphalt concrete and asphalt concrete road with the use of basalt fiber, allows to increase the mechanical characteristics - tensile strength and resistance to fatigue from repeated loads, which increases the crack resistance of asphalt concrete layers of pavement structures, as well as increases resistance to shape change. accumulation of residual deformations.Problem Statement. From the literature analysis it is established that the coating of non-rigid pavement is in difficult operating conditions, which is confirmed by the intensive growth of defects in the form of tracks, landslides, inflows, cracks, due to increasing parameters of transport loads and high summer temperatures, so there is a need new materials.Purpose. Is to study the impact of the effectiveness of asphalt concrete reinforced with basalt fiber.Results. The results of physical and mechanical properties of asphalt concretes with the use of basalt fiber are obtained. The results of formation of residual deformations in the form of track in asphalt concrete with the use of basalt fiber are obtained. As a result of the conducted researches the analysis of efficiency of application of basalt fiber in asphalt concrete mix is executed.On the basis of the carried-out researches the basic requirements to asphalt concrete mix with use of basalt fiber are establishedConclusions. The research results were used in the development of regulations for the design, construction and repair of asphalt layers of roads in Ukraine.Keywords: asphalt concrete road with basalt fiber, asphalt concrete mixes with basalt fiber, loading, covering, stability, temperature.
Summarizing of international experience of winter slipperiness prevention
Authors:   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Pivtoratskyi Dmytro , Bidnenko Nataliia ,   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Dubova Olha ,   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine, Kaskiv Volodymyr ,   M.P. Shulgin State Road Research Institute State Enterprise - DerzhdorNDI SE, Kyiv, Ukraine
Published: March 2021

Introduction. Maintenance of roads in winter period is a complex of works that include snow resistance, snow removal from roads and slipperiness prevention for ensure the continuous traffic. Different countries have their own approaches for elimination of winter slipperiness, but their essence can be сoncentrated on the following measures: preventive treatment of the pavement to reduce of icing or weakening the adhesion of ice and the pavement; scattering of friction material with or without chemical agents for increasing the coefficient of adhesion of the wheel to the pavement surface; scattering of chemical agents for snow and ice melting with following removal outside of the roadway.The article summarizes the analysis of international experience in elimination and prevention of winter slipperiness formation according to the data of international conferences under the aegis of PIARC.Problems. In conditions of fast development of the transport network of Ukraine the stricter requirements are needed for maintenance of roads and for ensuring the safe traffic on them. The solving of these problems in the winter period also depends of winter slipperiness preventive measures.Purpose. Informing of the road community about the international experience of winter maintenance of roads.Materials and methods. Analysis of information sources regarding the experience of winter maintenance of roads abroad. Results. Specific examples of winter slipperiness preventive measures are given.Conclusions. The experience of different countries in winter slipperiness prevention is summarized and specific examples of its elimination and recommended measures are given.Keywords:road, winter maintenance, ice, maintenance in winter period, icing, deicing materials, brine, salt, slipperiness, snow, sodium chloride
Random Forest Classifier for Diagnosis of Breast Cancer in African Women
Authors: Macaulay Babafemi
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Breast cancer is the highest cause of cancer-related mortality among women globally. It is documented that 15% of all female cancer is breast cancer. Diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer in its earliest stage remains the only way to improve its outcome and reduce mortality, thus early and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer is important. Early detection of breast cancer among women in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) is very challenging to say the least as factors such as low knowledge of breast cancer, lack of awareness of early detection treatment, treatment cost, poor perception of breast cancer, socio-cultural factors such as belief, traditions and fears affect health seeking behaviour of African women but there is limited research efforts in computational approach to diagnosis of breast cancer in SSA. Aim: Here, we propose a novel diagnosis model for African women using Random Forest (RF) machine learning technique. Methods: Study data comprised of technical indicators for breast cancer diagnosis, collected from breast cancer patients attending oncology clinic in Lagos State University teaching hospital. A total of 180 subjects were studied out of which 90 were confirmed cases of breast cancer and 90 were benign. Nine diagnostic parameters were included. These are clump thickness, marginal adhesion, uniformity of cell size, uniformity of cell shape, single epithelial cell, bare nuclei, bland chromatin, normal nucleoli and mitosis. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was used for feature selection and RF model was used for classification. Results: The RF model gave an accuracy of 98.23%, sensitivity of 95.24%, and specificity of 100.00% and Area under curve (AUC) of 98%. Conclusion: The proposed Random Forest model has a good potential at classifying breast cancer in African women. Adoption of computational diagnosis approach in SSA can lead to early diagnosis and reduction of mortality rate.
The Genealogy of a Collection: Working with Manuscript Library Catalogues
Authors: Weis Joëlle
Published: March 2021

In 1773 Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, at that time librarian of the ducal library in Wolfenbüttel, criticised his predecessors of only being interested in the history of the library’s augmentation, of the library’s „genealogy“.  According to the famous writer, former librarians were so fixated on the catalogues that they forgot the real purpose of telling a collection’s history: showing how it contributed to scholarship. Of course, Lessing has a point, the history of a collection and its holding institution should not be told simply by enumerating objects, but he might have underestimated the potential of catalogues and book lists as sources for the history of scholarship, indeed the history of knowledge. Library catalogues should not only be seen as valuable sources for the reconstruction of an as-is state of the library at a specific moment of the collection’s life but that a much broader perspective can be taken. Using the example of the Wolfenbüttel manuscript catalogues dating from the mid-17th to the 18th century, the catalogues can be read as behavioural guidelines, as an instrument for representation, as a witness for scholarly practices or as legal papers. Just as for literary documents, they invite to read between the lines, to analyse their specific style as well as to discover the different communicative strategies and hidden messages. Using Lessing’s image, the catalogues help with the composition of an enhanced genealogy, positioning every item into a network of objects, texts, practices, and ideas.
An Interview with Giancarlo Casale
Authors: D’Amora Rosita
Published: March 2021

Giancarlo Casale is Chair of Early Modern Mediterranean History at the European University Institute in Florence, as well as a permanent member of the history faculty at the University of Minnesota. His new book, Prisoner of the Infidels: The Memoir of an Ottoman Muslim in Seventeenth-Century Europe will be released in summer 2021 from the University of California Press. Casale is also the author of award-winning Ottoman Age of Exploration (Oxford, 2011), and since 2010 has served as executive editor of the Journal of Early Modern History.
Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Robert Aleksander Maryks, and Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, eds, Encounters Between Jesuits and Protestants in Asia and the Americas, Brill 2018
Authors: Frei Elisa
Published: March 2021

Review of Encounters Between Jesuits and Protestants in Asia and the Americas, Eds Jorge Cañizares-Esguerra, Robert Aleksander Maryks, and Ronnie Po-chia Hsia (Leiden-Boston: Brill, 2018)
Dampak Covid 19 Bagi Perekonomian Indonesia
Authors: Fahmi Abdullah
Published: March 2021

Covid 19  merupakan  virus yang  berasal dari Wuhan, China dan sekarang menjadi pandemic global, efek yang terjadi dengan adanya covid 19 sangat dahsyat, virus ini tidak hanya menyerang kesehatan manusia saja, namun juga menyerang kondisi ekonomi dunia, rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah: Apakah ada perbedaan saham IHSG sebelum dan sesudah covid 19?, Apakah ada perbedaan kurs mata uang Rupiah terhadap Dollar Amerika sebelum dan sesudah covid 19?, Bagaimana inflasi Indonesia pada saat covid 19?. Dalam penelitian ini tekhnik pengambilan sampel menggunakan sampel non probability sampling dengan menggunakan sampling purposive atau tekkhnik pengambilan sampel dengan menggunakan pertimbangan tertentu Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pergerakan saham IHSG sebelum dan sesudah covid 19, dan secara rata-rata ada penurunan saham IHSG sebelum menu sesudah covid 19, Terdapat perbedaan signifikan pergerakan kurs mata uang Dollar Amerika Serikat terhadap Rupiah, dan secara rata-rata terjadi penurunan nilai Rupiah terhadap Dollar Amerika Serikat dari sebelum menuju sesudah covid 19, danAdanya penurunan Inflasi secara rata-rata dari sebelum adanya covid menuju sesudah adanya pandemic covid 19.
Penentu Tingkat Penyaluran Kredit Pemilikkan Rumah Bank Umum Konvensional
Authors: Valentina Mey Cristie  , Sri Ayem
Published: March 2021

Menganalisis pengaruh kebijakan rasio loan to value, Non Performing Loan, dana pihak ketiga, inflansi, dan suku bunga terhadap tingat penyaluran kredit pemilikan rumah Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia merupakan tujuan dari penelitian ini. Populasi dalam penelitian merupakan Populasi dalam penelitian merupakan Bank Umum Konvesional di Indonesia. Sampel 36 pengamatan (12 Perusahaan x 3 tahun pengamatan). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dari laporan keuangan tahunan perbankan di www.idx.co.id pada tahun 2017 sampai dengan 2019. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa LTV, inflansi, dan suku bunga memiliki dampak dengan arah negatif pada penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia. Dana pihak ketiga memiliki dampak dengan arah positif pada penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia, sedangkan NPL tidak berdampak pada terhadap penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah pada Bank Umum Konvensional di Indonesia. Penelitian ini memiliki keterbatasan yaitu data yang diperoleh adanya bank yang tidak mempublikasikan laporan keuangan selama periode penelitian serta banyaknya bank yang tidak memaparkan nominal penyaluran kredit pemilikkan rumah serta tidak menjelaskan suku bunga KPR yang diberikan.
Iraqi Contemporary Language of Poetry: Nineties as a Model
Authors: Walie Fattah Assist. Prof. D. Yahia , Lazem Dr. Alaa Muhammad
Published: March 2021

Poetic language  is the only a movement based mostly on the stereotypes and pugnacity what is prevalent in the language communicative by eluding and escape from him towards the level of performance of works on raising the effectiveness of the speech and poetic Anashha a lot of surprises and variations in say poetic ; So whatever ventured poet order behind the new technology , no matter what type of Ajthadath performance , the poem remains a creative effort embodied in the language first , and which seeks to demonstrate the usefulness and vitality of a second.    The turnaround grand poem nineties embodied in it restored the poem to the Kingdom of hair after that has been lost in the paths of formality purely by Althmanyen dropping more open to the lattice actually fashionable and idler margin after it abandoned tower  (Teleological language) and (the absence of meaning), which characterized them poem eighties .This study aims to identify the most prominent benchmarks key that is characterized by the language of poetry Altsaina level compositional and visibility and detection charms aesthetic embodied in Artaadha new areas mission did not pay attention to it before and did not mean the Iraqi poet previously as not involving any poetry by perspective poetic traditional.
Textual Culturing in Ibn Al-Labana Al-Dany’s Poetry (527 B.C -1113A.D)
Authors: Al-Husoona Assist.Prof. Hussein Mageed Rustam
Published: March 2021

Text Blog verbal happen in time and place certain goal to communicate and Interestingness impact and transfer the experiences of others and Mkamenhm emotional can be configured Bamolq and cloning closed by lock called biblical iconography Her beginning and the end, and generative because it is not pop out of nowhere or Nabta diabolical but it is a-generated events that breed with other events .Any text that is born through conversion Semantic any.  Conversion guide one to several signs and vice versa, which is linked to the productive capacity of the text Vigdo so the scene of Toldat of images and different patterns of significance, is born president has, and the march Altdalal. is defined by the nature of its relations with the virtual and hidden with other texts that are involved in creating the text as ((integrated organization drafting a complex tangle of installation it is a network of overlapping diets and levels of editorial and systemic involves numbering glitter ... and realize the multiplicity of the same meaning)).
A Linguistic Study of Ibn-Khaldoon’s Introduction: A Procedural Study in the Light of (Folklore Linguistics Project)
Authors: Al-Tae Dr. Niama Dahash Farhan
Published: March 2021

The linguistic theory of heritage has adopted the ancient Arabic linguistic Folklore as a subject for various studies on the basis of the principles of rereading, which is characterized by multi-purposes like briefing ancient linguistic perceptions and interpreting them in accordance with the new trends of linguistic research in a way to equalize the ancient linguistic thought results. The new trends in linguistic theories have a new view to identify its historical and civilized value according to the new type of a new reading to have it been as an intellectual attitude by itself. As the linguistic subjects involve certain purposes, this study aims at finding out the closeness and similarity between the Arabic linguistic folklore and the new trends in linguistics. To be tackled with in our Arabic folklore is what Ibn-Khaldoon left, which is used to be distinguished and pre his era, regarding applied linguistic similarities. His remarks extended to theoretical linguistic issues related to Arabic, in particular. He talked about language and linguistics ; their concepts and natures, tackled with the issue of linguistic development and the functions of parsing regarding its nature as far as form and function concerned. He indicated rhetoric and eloquence and deeply showed the relation between language and society. Such nature and  its earlier effect of what we call linguistic variation , or to put it more precisely, it was as an attempt to explore the extent of equivalence between the linguistic structure and socio-psycho structures which used to be as the basic foundation of applied linguistics; therefore, these similarities have been demonstrated in two sections:

1 - Psycholinguistic similarities according to Ibn-Khaldoon.

2 - Sociolinguistic similarity  according to Ibn-Khaldoon.
An Analytical Study of Errors made during Learning Second Language
Authors: R. Eesa Lecturer  Mayada , S.Danial Lecturer:Luma
Published: March 2021

Error Analysis can be considered as a type of linguistic analysis that focuses on the errors learners make. It consists of a comparison between the errors made in the target language and that target language itself. Many scholars in the field of Error Analysis have emphasized the significance of second language.Corder (1967:161) ,for example, in one of his articles , says that ''they are significant in three different ways .He starts with the teacher  in that they show how far towards the goal the learner has progressed. Second , they provide to the researcher evidence of  how a language is acquired , what strategies the learners is employing in his learning of a language .Thirdly , they are indisputable to the learner himself because we can regard the making of errors as a device the learner uses in order to learn''. The present paper mostly illustrates fundamental background studies done in the field of Error Analysis. There is a hope that  the present work helps EFL teachers and educators to become familiar with the most frequent errors made by EFL learners leading them to make more objective decisions about how to go about adapting a appropriate teaching strategies to help EFL student learn better
John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath As a Naturalistic Novel
Authors: Muthanna Assist. Instr. Ansam
Published: March 2021

John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath(1939) exposes the desperate conditions that surrounded the migratory farm families in America during the year of the Great Depression from the Naturalistic point of view. It combines his adoration of the land and his simple hatred of the corruption resulting from Materialism and his faith in common to overcome his hostile environment. It attempts to present the problem of the workers of the lower classes, and exposes the unusual family, conditions under which the Joads, the migratory farm family, was forced to live during these years. The progress the government intended to spread on the Oklahoma fields and ranches sheltered families a part and reduced the migrants to beggars suffering from deprivation and hunger. His California novels attack the counterfeited image of paradise that people held when they set their migration to California.
Geographical dimensions of the high ground water levels in the city of Hit
Authors: Gdhab Assist prof Dr. Mishaal Faisal
Published: March 2021

We tried in this research can offer a simple explanation for the problem of high groundwater levels in the city of Hit. And its repercussions on economic, environmental, social and health aspects in the city,We were checked in the causes and dimensions and give a scientific vision in order to overcome the obstacles.We have adopted the style inductive and field survey and analysis of the questionnaire, which was distributed to a sample of homes form.The study found that the most important results of the natural world (geology and surface) that a significant impact on this phenomenon. Also it left a large, social and environmental health and economic impacts on the city and its inhabitants. We greet you see the ground and salted Rookery, ponds, swamps and pollutants .... and housing that lacks the gardens. And walls cracked by moisture and become the most residential and public buildings infected with diseases buildings and extinction and the many diseases that affect the health of urban populations and the dispersion of land use and contamination of optical and environmental hit even sources of water supply and of the Euphrates River city and provided a scientific vision for treatment, among them the work of bumpers impede the progress of the underground water and increasing the discharge Trocars the old lining
Geographical and modern technologies
Authors: Saeed Dr .Abdul Razzaq Ahmed
Published: March 2021

It is the modern techniques that are used in modern geographical science in scientific applications three Systems is a technology GIS Gis (Geograbhical InFormation System), sensor system technology remote R.S (Remoote Sensing), GPS system technology (Global Positioning System)  These three systems contributed to the great scientific revolution in all geographic modern science and its applications, as the GIS GIS technology is a way to organize or style of geographical and non-geographical information by computer and linked to geographical their positions depending on the specific coordinates. Coordinates are therefore a way to link the geographical phenomena scattered on the surface of the ground coordinates of the system and stored in computer memory and link the metadata associated with these phenomena through a database and analyzed and reflected a specific scale, and then print them The sensor system technology remote RS and its use in modern applications in geographical science is represented a set of processes that allow access to information for some geographical characteristics of the phenomena on the surface of the earth without no direct contact between the geographical phenomenon and the sensor (capture device information).       Can be arranged remote sensors on a wide variety of platforms air or space and at different heights, turning the initial information received by the sensor either to directly usable products such as photographs air or space visualizations or store this information in a private devices can refer to it when needed in the future
The applied methods in the western mountain region for the rains water harvest in Lebya As Exemplar to confronted the Dryness
Authors: A . Mubark Assist. Prof. Dr . Saad
Published: March 2021

Libya lie in the northern western part from Africa , within a region the western mountain, climate be characterized and he is dry,. So .close ground water use becuse dont the modern techniques availablity to big depths for the arrival from the land surface at last time . when began water wells in the decrease Decide constructive tanks collected the rains water in vallys at the mountains feet be named different names as phiscos & majin . And settle in the cities decide constructive these tanks in the house and the water moved to her by the cars from the tanks which building in vallys . then the matter development to. More than that . Begin the work in bind this phiscos or tanks compilation water the rains associate in the house surface from the tubes by a net and in the rains water compilation and moving conduct to these closets. The aim is this research discribtions this kind and from phiscos and samples collected from the phiscos water which building in the vallys and from phiscos water that Bound in the house surface, Then a comparison that with samples from the wells water, for a kinds best identification this water for the human activities and the recommendation to a developing possibility and a generalization this model on the arid and some arid regions