bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Transformation of Diocletian's Palace in the City of Split as a Chronological Question
Authors: Marasović Tomislav
Published: May 2018

The dating of the transformation of Diocletian’s Palace in the city of Split has been differently treated by different authors, writing on the subject. In this paper, based on historical sources and analyses of the earliest examples of medieval sculpture and architecture, a dating of that event to around the middle of the seventh century is proposed. In this context the year 641 appears particularly significant when after the barbaric invasion of Dalmatia Pope John IV sent Abbot Martin to collect martyrs’ relics. Most probably, the same year citizens of destroyed Salona asked the emperor in Constantinople permission to settle in Diocletian’s palace. The analyzed monuments (a cross above the western gate, the southern gate of the Cathedral, the sarcophagus of Archbishop John and decoration on the liturgical installations, as well as a funerary oratory outside the Palace’s wall) indicate the same dating.
Immagini sacre a Roma tra VI e VII secolo. In margine al problema "Roma e Bisanzio"
Authors: Pace Valentino
Published: May 2018

L’arte e le espressioni figurative di culto della Roma di VI e incipiente VII secolo vengono di frequente giudicate come riflesso di quanto avveniva a Bisanzio. Una rinnovata analisi delle prime fasi della decorazione pittorica di Santa Maria Antiqua e una riconsiderazione delle più antiche icone mariane (da quelle di Santa Maria Maggiore e da Santa maria Antiqua fino all’icona del Pantheon) permettono tuttavia di sostanziare una diversa valutazione dei fatti, finora proposta solo su casi indivudali. È ben possible che già prima della riconquista bizantina e dell’“età giustinianea” il culto mariano si sia affermato nella Roma dell’iniziale VI secolo, senza che necessariamente esso fosse veicolato dalle pratiche culturali constantinopolitane. Lungo il VI secolo, dalla chiesa dei SS. Cosma e Damiano fino a San Lorenzo fuori le mura, i programmi musivi romani mostrano specificità romane innegabili e persino l’immagine absidale di Sant’Agnese, nel VII, viene percepita e accompagnata da versetti poetici che la radicano nella cultura classica dell’urbe.
L’Autroritratto di Dürer del 1500: vertigine della coincidentia oppositorum
Authors: Filippi Elena
Published: May 2018

L’Autroritratto di Dürer del 1500: vertigine della coincidentia oppositorum
The Syncretic Esotericism of Egidio da Viterbo and the Development of the Sistine Chapel Ceiling Program
Authors: Sagerman Robert
Published: May 2018

The Syncretic Esotericism of Egidio da Viterbo and the Development of the Sistine Chapel Ceiling Program
"Mostra aver passione per una Sol Saetta". Il San Sebastiano del polittico Averoldi di Tiziano
Authors: Grasso Monica
Published: May 2018

Si analizza in questo intervento la figura del San Sebastiano dipinta da Tiziano per il polittico commissionatogli da Altobello Averoldi nel 1519 per la chiesa dei S.S. Nazaro e Celso di Brescia. La figura viene inserita in una più ampia tipologia, quella dei “prigioni” sacri e profani raffigurati nel Rinascimento, quali Prometeo, Andromeda, Marsia, nonché i Due Ladroni della Crocifissione. Vere icone della sofferenza umana tra le quali la figura tizianesca si inserisce, dialogando soprattutto con gli esempi scultorei del Laocoonte e degli Schiavi michelangeschi. Alcuni aspetti della innovativa iconografia della figura inoltre, come l’unica freccia conficcata nel petto, ne evidenziano la particolare valenza di “alter ego” del Cristo, atta a svelare l’intrinseca umanità e la duplice natura del Cristo stesso.
Pictorial Narrative in St. Catherine's Chapel: Reading Masolino da Panicale's Narrative Fresco Cycle in S. Clemente, Rome
Authors: Heldaas Seland Eli
Published: May 2018

Pictorial Narrative in St. Catherine's Chapel: Reading Masolino da Panicale's Narrative Fresco Cycle in S. Clemente, Rome
The Symposium Unveiled: Truth, Beauty and Paradox in Platonic Poetry
Authors: Aasdalen Unn Irene
Published: May 2018

Marsilio Ficino (1433-1499) and Giovanni Pico della Mirandola (1463-1494) are habitually seen as the twin stars of Neoplatonic Renaissance philosophy, traditionally understood to be in overall agreement. This view is challenged in an analysis of the differences between their interpretations of Plato’s Symposium. Although the two philosophers claimed to have found truth under the poetic veil of Plato’s love dialogue, Pico’s truth is not the same as Ficino’s. While Ficino in his Symposium commentary, De amore (in Latin) or Dell’amore (in Italian), underlines the importance of a personal love relationship between men for ascent to the higher realm, Pico finds Ficino’s interpretation of the most sacred passages of Plato’s Symposium utterly profane and lacking in precision.
The whole world gathered in one place. Pliny’s vision of Rome as a museum
Authors: Isager Jacob
Published: May 2018

The Elder Pliny and Josephus are the main sources of information about the Temple of Peace erected by the Emperor Vespasian in AD 75. The temple buildings and the large square in front of them contained one of the most important art exhibitions in Imperial Rome. Nero’s art collection from the Domus Aurea and the spoils from the Jewish War were put on display here. Recent excavations give us some idea of the physical setting of the art works. On the basis of the written sources, this article discusses the tradition and the political background and considerations that lead to the erection of this magnificent monument to Peace and analyzes the function and the symbolism of some of the art works put on display in the area of the Temple. In his reaction to reign of Nero and Nero’s abuse of art Vespasian is seen by Pliny as an innovator through the fact that Vespasian looks back to the tradition of his early predecessor Augustus.
Revival and Reality: The Carolingian Renaissance in Rome and the basilica of S. Prassede
Authors: Goodson Caroline
Published: May 2018

The monumental architecture of the early middle ages in Rome has long been explained as a revival of ancient architecture, specifically Constantinian basilicas, a theory first advanced by Richard Krautheimer in two seminal articles in 1942. This article seeks to explore other ways in which early medieval buildings were significant, taking as its focus the basilica of S. Prassede, built by Paschal I (817-24). Paschal’s church incorporated a very significant collection of martyrs’ relics, translated from the catacombs outside the city into the urban church. Paschal’s church was a saints’ shrine, a mausoleum for his mother, and a locus of a new kind of papal authority. These aspects of the significance of the building were generated more in function than in form.
Was there a Crolingian "Renovatio" style in paiting? Journey through a bleak historiographical landscapes
Authors: Nordhagen Per Jonas
Published: May 2018

no abstracta
From Greek Original to Modern Pastiche: the Reformulation of the Classical Statue in Contemporary Art
Authors: Kiilerich Bente
Published: May 2018

From the late 1960s onwards, Italian sculptors, especially those associated with the Arte Povera movement, have frequently made overt references to ancient art. Their work may be an exact replica of an antique statue, but more often the artist makes significant formal changes with regard to medium and provides the work with a different title. The present article discusses sculptures of Michelangelo Pistoletto, Giulio Paolini and Mario Ceroli, as well as some by the English sculptor Edward Allington, and touches upon the Danish artist Christian Lemmerz. When referring to earlier art, the contemporary artist often makes use of the multiple, in this way questioning the concept of the original and unique work of art. The Romans also made serial productions of Greek statues, ans sometimes it is difficult to tell whether an ancient statue is a so-called “Greek original” or a so-called “Roman copy”. In fact some sculptures, like the Laocoön, do not fit into either category. It is argued here that the Roman attitude towards originality is to a certain extent comparable to that of contemporary artists. But while the Roman artists stressed the cultural continuatio, the contemporary of classical images lay bare the distance between past and present.
The Mosaic of the Female Musicians from Mariamin, Syria
Authors: Kilierich Bente
Published: May 2018

A spectacular mosaic showing six female musicians and two boys on stage once decorated the floor of an apsidal room at Mariamin, near Hama in Syria. Although other late antique images of musicians exist, this one stands out for its exquisite quality and for its detailed rendering of instruments. It is argued here that the women must be professional itinerant musicians, a popular all-girl band. The small boys dressed as cupids stress the theatrical aspect; they also link the image with its frame: a scroll inhabited by putti and personifications of nature and growth. Set in a frame of renewal, this ‘genre image’ has several levels of meaning.
Women of Power: What Women say as Builders of Secular Architecture in Early Modern Italy
Authors: McIver Katharine A.
Published: May 2018

This paper will examine several categories of women – wives, widows, rulers, single women – from various regions across Italy to survive the evidence in a comparative format to see just what women were capable of in terms of domestic architecture. Rather than simply listing the women and what they built, I will discuss the types of structures, the women’s hands-on approach to their building campaigns, their sources as funds, and the reasons why they built.
This paper will examine several categories of women – wives, widows, rulers, single women – from various regions across Italy to survive the evidence in a comparative format to see just what women were capable of in terms of domestic architecture. Rather
Authors: De Vries Joyce
Published: May 2018

Caterina Sforza (1462/3-1509) was famous during her lifetime because of her twelve-year regency over her husbands' territories in the Romagna region of Italy after his assassination. Scholars have focused on her political maneuverings and bold sexuality, but Sforza’s patronage and collecting were integral parts of her statecraft and merit further attention. Careful analysis of the surviving artifacts, combined with information culled from archival sources, reveals that Sforza, like her elite peers, was an astute patron and collector despite financial limitations. She updated fortresses and made key improvements to her subject cities, projects that demonstrated her beneficence as ruler. She also refurbished her residence to make it reflect the proper character of a prince and express humanist notions of magnificence and splendor. Always in need of more money, Sforza on occasion sought out workshops that championed cost-effective serial production and called on community support for some of the religious projects she initiated.
Some Aspects of Boundaries in Public Space in Archaic to Classical Greece
Authors: Boman Henrik
Published: May 2018

"In this study an alternative perspective of public space is adopted through the use of four aspects of architecture: the sequence (relative chronology), edges (material boundaries of space), circulation paths (possibilities of moving in space), and the unfinished features observable in public space; a distinctive approach to viewing and explaining architecture emerges. The results of the investigation can be applied to public space in different areas and situations. In the sequence, the long use of buildings as elements in the composition of space (termed endurance) can be noted, stressing the appearance of the older buildings. Considering the use of dismantled or unfinished buildings in significant locations, the offert of designing and erecting buildings can be identified as an important aspect of construction. The investment in architecture included not only the material characteristics of the structure but also the visible labor involved. The edges and circulation pattern were arranged to manipulate the three-dimensional quality of the environment, by positioning terraces as well as buildings in such a way that the natural terrain had an eliminating or emphasizing effect, not least the contrast between built and unbuilt space. In regard to the endurance of a majority of the buildings in the composition of space, minor elements like statue bases and votive monuments served to articulate the circulation paths within the environment. These monuments became important guides and transformers in the public space in relation to the older framework of buildings which persisted through time."
Owners of Imperial Mausoleums at Rome in the Fourth Century
Authors: Jastrzębowska Elzbieta
Published: May 2018

The article gives an overview of the various Imperial mausoleums of the 4th century AD. The author points out that the commonly held view that a mausoleum formed an integral part of late Antique Imperial dwellings, is wrong; in fact, it holds good only for the mausoleum of Maxentius outside Rome. An object of discussion is the shift from pagan two-storied mausoleums with a crypt underneath to Christian ones with only one level. The latter type was used for the Constantinian mausoleums adjacent to the U-shaped funerary basilicas which this Emperor constructed outside Rome, with one exception: the so-called Tor de’ Schiavi mausoleum, which is of the traditional pagan type. It is here suggested that the building was originally intended for Diocletian, and that the funerary basilica was a later addition.
Public service or private devotion? The diverse faces of monasticism in late antique and early medieval Rome
Authors: Dey Hendrik W.
Published: May 2018

From the fifth century on, religious foundations became the most prominent new additions to the Roman cityscape. Their effects on the rhythms of urban life will have been correspondingly profound, and indeed the transformative impact of churches, martyrial shrines and Christian cemeteries on topography and society alike is a well-rehearsed subject. Perhaps influenced by traditional ‘cloistered’ visions of monasticism, scholars have been slower to consider the role played by Rome’s exceptionally numerous monasteries in reshaping the urban collective. There is a reason to see many monasteries in late-antique and early-medieval Rome as bustling places imbued with a much more ‘public’ profile than is often imagined, whose members performed a range of important services – utilitarian as least as much as spiritual in nature-on behalf of their surrounding communities.
Visual and Functional Aspects of Inscriptions in Early Church Floors
Authors: Kiilerich Bente
Published: May 2018

Floor mosaics in early churches often display inscriptions of various kinds: names and labels, artists’ signatures, donor inscriptions, longer epigrams and, more rarely, Biblical quotations. Examining a selection of monuments of the fourth to sixth centuries, from both East and West, this paper discusses visual aspects of design, layout and framing, the functions of inscriptions and the relationship of text to image. While some examples appear to be representative for general tendencies in the period, others are unique and generalizations cannot be drawn from them. The paper demonstrates that the floor inscriptions in early churches had many purposes: they labeled figures, explained scenes, commemorated benefactors. Even a random selection of inscriptions shows that care was taken to make the words integral to the mosaic decoration, both aesthetically and conceptually. Placed in the “humblest” part of the church, the floor inscriptions may offer a first key to unlocking the cosmic meaning of the sacred space of the church.
Inscriptions from Early Christian Baptisteries in Rome
Authors: Jensen Robin Margaret
Published: May 2018

This is a study of Latin inscriptions from early Roman baptisteries with attention to their particular imagery, theological assertions, and liturgical context. The themes most prominent in these documents reflect on the practice of baptism as a cleansing from sin, incorporation into the community, death to the old self, and rebirth to new life, as realized through the acts of immersion, anointing, and sealing of the newly baptized. The figure of the church as fertile mother and the consecratory power of the Holy Spirit are concretely expressed in many of these texts. The significance of baptism at the martyrs’ shrine is equally prominent, particularly in light of Rome’s preeminent shrines to Saints Peter and Paul. Additionally, the role of the bishop as shepherd is especially emphasized in Rome, where the figure of Peter is venerated not only as martyr but also as Rome’s first bishop and the apostle especially authorized to bind and lose sinners.
Inscriptions on Light and Splendor from Saint-Denis to Rome and Back
Authors: Thunø Erik
Published: May 2018

The verse inscription celebrating the new choir at Saint-Denis engages the issue of light in ways that have previously been associated with the writings of Dionysius the Areopagite and that have even served as proof of Abbot Suger’s close knowledge and direct use of those texts. Yet comparisons with not only ancient and early medieval poetry on buildings, but also especially with the inscriptions of early medieval apse mosaics in Rome, suggest that Suger’s emphasis on light is rooted in a tradition much older than the light metaphysics of Pseudo-Dionysius. Considering that Suger had also acquired a direct knowledge of the city of Rome and that both the arts and the ideology of that city played a major role in shaping Suger’s ambitions concerning Saint-Denis, the choir inscription should most likely be directly associated with the early medieval apse inscriptions. What spurred Suger’s interest in these shimmering texts in the first place, however, may have been some knowledge of Pseudo-Dionysian light metaphysics as transmitted by his contemporary, Hugh of Saint Victor.
Reading and Viewing Words in Fra Angelico’s Typological Paintings
Authors: Hodne Lasse
Published: May 2018

In medieval art, there are numerous examples of pictorial programmes composed according to a system of typological opposition between scenes from the Old and the New Testaments, in which scenes from the New are seen as the typological fulfillment of prophecies from the Old. Normally, scenes from both Testaments are juxtaposed, so that the fulfillment under Christ can be seen together with the scene that prefigures it. In the works of the Florentine painter Fra Angelico, this system is softened. His series of 36 small panels from the Armadio degli argenti, now in the Museo di San Marco (Florence), is apparently a quite conventional representation of “highlights” from the Gospel story. However, the inscriptions that accompany each panel reveal a typological scheme at heart of the pictorial programme. This paper studies the compositional and expressive devices applied in Fra Angelico’s subtle rendering of well-established theological concepts. Further, the paper argues that the same devices appear in a group of paintings of the Annunciation which can be attributed to Fra Angelico or his school.
Hans-Peter L’Orange on Portraits and the Arch of Constantine: A Lasting Legacy
Authors: Kinney Dale
Published: May 2018

Hans-Peter L’Orange on Portraits and the Arch of Constantine: A Lasting Legacy
Ammianus and Constantius’ Adventus – Rome from Site to Sight
Authors: Bjørnebye Jonas
Published: May 2018

This article deals with the Roman historian Ammianus Marcellinus’ famous description of the emperor Constantius II’s visit to Rome in 357 CE. In Ammianus’ text, Constantius’ first direct encounter with the city of Rome; its inhabitants and its monuments, triggers a shift in his perception of the city. Specifically, the focus on the following discussion is on the monuments of the city – the sights that the emperor was so impressed by during his stay in Rome – and Constantius’ reactions to them, and on the how and the why of Ammianus’ choice of monuments to include in his description. The discussion then moves on to the context of these passages in Ammianus’ history and how they relate to other contemporary texts dealing with the same historical event. Finally, the article presents an analysis of Ammianus’ literary construction of Rome as a conceptual space in the description of Constantius’ adventus
Wandering Among Models: Stendhal, Proust, Sebald
Authors: Lending Mari
Published: May 2018

This paper draws on twofold fictional landscapes; the imaginary landscapes emerging in the writings of Stendhal, Marcel Proust and W.G. Sebald as well as the invented landscapes evoked by the architectural model. Stendhal’s extensive travels are reflected in his novels, several memoirs, art criticism and guidebooks. Similarly, the topic of travelling saturates Sebald’s fiction and essays: the restless flight and the contemplative promenade in various ways frame his outstanding and existential configurations of architecture. Despite the fact that the protagonist of A la recherche is a reluctant and anxious traveler, the longing for experiencing new places are of profound importance in Proust’s oeuvre. One after another, the architectural models in Stendhal’s Mémoires d’un touriste (1838), Proust’s A l’Ombre des jeunes Filles en fleurs (1918) and Sebald’s The Rings of Saturn (1995) destabilize the rapports between descriptions and geographies, fantasies and landscapes. In Stendhal, Proust and Sebald (almost) real places and real models are inscribed in imaginary journeys, presenting landscapes in which we, the readers, can wander among models, guided by the protagonist-narrator. The collection of cork models of Roman monuments Stendhal encounter at Nîmes, the plaster cast of the doorway of the ‘Persian’ Balbec Church ad the Trocadéro Museum in Paris, and the hyper-detailed model of the temple of Jerusalem that ‘Sebald’ comes across walking through East Anglia on foot, in complex ways unfolds the powerful autonomy of the architectural model.
Mithras Tauroctonos in Late Antique Rome
Authors: Bjørnebye Jonas
Published: May 2018

This article discusses the tauroctony icons of late antique Rome, specifically the main icons of Mithraea that were in use during the last century or so of the life of the cult of Mithras in Rome. When dealing with Mithraic art, and even with the scholarship on Mithraic art, we are first and foremost dealing with the image of the bull-slaying Mithras; the tauroctony. This ubiquitous image executed in a wide range of media – reliefs, murals, and sculpture – shows Mithras astride the bull, raising its head by the nostrils, and plunging his dagger into its nick. In the following, I will not concern myself with interpreting the motif of the bull-slaying Mithras as such, but I will rather focus on the corpus of Mithraic icons from Rome as a group, with the main emphasis on tauroctonies which could have been in use in the last phase of the cult in Rome, in particular looking more closely at how these late antique Roman examples of Mithraic art differed from other Mithraic icons both in form and in function.
The Barletta Colossos revisited.
Authors: Kiilerich Bente
Published: May 2018

The Barletta colossus is the sole large-scale statue in bronze preserved of a late antique emperor; the only comparable image is the even larger, but fragmentary, Constantinian emperor in Rome. According to local tradition, the Barletta colossus depicts the Byzantine emperor Heraclius (610-641). Modern researchers tend to regard this attribution as mere folklore and fiction. But while there is a general consensus that the statue does not portray Heraclius, there is no agreement as to whom it may have been intended to portray. About a dozen different emperors have been proposed, suggested dates ranging from the fourth to the eighth century. The present article reviews the evidence and discusses the methodological problems we face when dealing with this enigmatic work.
Imperial Rome: a city of immigrants?
Authors: Wallace-Hadrill Andrew
Published: May 2018

While it is clear that Rome was both of exceptional size as a city, and had an exceptional number and range of immigrants, it is extraordinarily difficult to have a clear idea either of its absolute size, or its demographic balance between locals and immigrants, citizens and non -citizens, freeborn and freed, slave and free. This paper argues that the impression of precise numbers given for recipients of handouts of grain or cash understates the fluidity of the population, and that the impression of high numbers of freedmen and slaves derived from funerary epitaphs may make as much sense for Rome as it does for Herculaneum, where the demographic balance is better attested.
Costantino da Bisanzio a Costantinopoli
Authors: Russo Eugenio
Published: May 2018

Constantine was a Christian.  Of that there can be no doubt.  The surviving signs of paganism visible in Constantine are rather the result of his education and culture.  They in no way whatsoever constitute evidence for the continuing imperial worship of pagan divinities in the Constantinian period.  Examination of the literary sources and archaeological remains allows us to conclude that it is possible to recognize traces of the former Byzantium of Septimius Severus in the archaeological sites of the Strategion and a building beneath the Baths of Zeuxippos.  In AD 324-330, the city on the Bosporus underwent a radical revolution:  the city of Constantine went beyond the walls of the third century AD and it expanded to the west along the east-west axis.  The previous city within the third-century walls was completely undermined in its north-south and east-west axes; there arose a new diagonal axis running northeast/southwest, which departed from the column of the Goths and arrived at the Augustaion, at the Hippodrome, and at the Palace (all Constantinian constructions, with St. Irene included).  The centre of power (Palace-Hippodrome) was intimately linked to the Christian pole (St. Irene as the first cathedral and the pre-Justinianic St. Sophia that lay on the same axis and even closer to the Palace).  According to the Chronicon Paschale, the church of St. Sophia was founded by Constantine in AD 326.  The emperor deliberately abandoned the acropolis of Byzantium, and Byzantium was absorbed by the new city and obliterated by the new diagonal axis.  Constantinople is truly Constantine’s city.
The Constantinian bronze Colossus: Nero's hairstyle and the beard of Commodus
Authors: Prusac Marina
Published: May 2018

The colossal Constantinian bronze portrait in the Capitoline Museum stands out as a unique example of Roman, large-scale portraiture. It is a rare bronze portrait of colossal size, which included a lot of material of a kind which was usually remolded into exchangeable goods in Late Antiquity. It was constructed from separately cast parts, and with a close look, there are traces of retouching and alterations. The reuse was undertaken by way of highly skilled refashioning techniques. In the present paper, I venture to suggest that the bronze colossus originally portrayed Nero (AD 54-68), thereafter Commodus (AD 177-192), before it was given its present appearance in the early fourth century.
Contributo a problemi e aspetti formali dell'arte tardoantica
Authors: Russo Eugenio
Published: May 2018

Contribution dealing with problems and formal aspects of Late Antique art: 1)The problems. Chronological limits of Late Antique art (the end of the 4th century). The disappearance of figurative artworks in the East. The different methods of production depending on the subjects (sarcophagus of the Musei Capitolini, sarcophagus of the Museo Pio Clementino). The contribution of J. Strzygowski (tomb of the Three Brothers at Palmyra). Studies dealing with the art of Rome: a dualistic (patrician-plebeian) or pluralistic vision of the subject. 2) The transformation of the objective understanding of shape. Introduction of the running drill (Sebasteion of Aphrodisias, Temple of Hadrian in the Campus Martius). Popular current in the West (stelai of the Museum of Worms, of the Museum of Hippo; reliefs of Ghirza, etc.) and in the East (stelai of the Museum of Bursa): their fundamental difference (schematism and abstraction). 3) Frontal pose and parataxis. 4) Popular currents in Asia Minor.
Commodifying Intimacy in 'Hard times': A Hardcore Ethnography of a Luxury Brothel
Authors: Briggs Daniel
Published: May 2018

This paper is a methodological reflection on an ongoing covert ethnography I have been undertaking in a luxury brothel in Madrid, Spain. By accident, this study became a research project when I was employed by the manager to review porn forums offering feedback on the women that worked there and taught English to him. For 18 months now, I have worked in the brothel a couple of nights a week doing these duties and have come to know the manager’s closest friends and family, the women who work there and the security staff. The context for the work is the expansion of the sex industry in an era of consumer society and self-gratification coupled with austerity politics which has disproportionately affected the opportunities for women in the formal labour market thus catapulting many into precarious situations in which selling sex becomes an option. This has crudely mixed with cultural change in Spain in the wake of increased neoliberal economics which have hollowed out notions of family, tradition and intimacy.
The Low-Noise Optimization of a SWATH Ship’s Structures Based on the Three-Dimensional Sono-Elasticity of Ships
Authors: Zou Mingsong , Lin Changgang , Qi Libo , Liu Shuxiao
Published: May 2018

Basic equations and numerical methods are presented for the three-dimensional sono-elasticity theory of ships in shallow sea Pekeris acoustic waveguide environment. The corresponding software three-dimensional hydroelastic analysis of floating and traveling structures-Acoustic developed based on this theory is used for low-noise optimization design of the strut structures of a 1500-ton small waterplane area twin hull (SWATH) ship. When the SWATH ship was moored in waves and laying down instruments for ocean survey, it was observed that the waves continuously beat the vertical side walls of the struts, resulting in structural vibration and acoustic radiation in the frequency band below 100 Hz. This is a new phenomenon that the hydroelastic response of a local structure disturbs ocean survey performance. This phenomenon is not good for the performance of underwater acoustic equipment because it increases the background noise in the vicinity of the SWATH ship. This problem needs a low-cost and feasible solution. The mechanism of this phenomenon is first discussed by means of a sono-elastic analysis. After a series of low-noise design calculations for the strut structures, a design of optimal acoustic performance is obtained with only a small increase in the structure weight. Some suggestions on engineering design for solving such problems are also put forward.

1. Introduction

The theory of fluid-structure interaction has been widely applied in various engineering practices, including improvement of ship's seakeeping performance and structural safety, ship vibration and noise control, and enhancement of underwater acoustic stealthiness. In the late 1970s of the twentieth century, hydroelasticity of ships was established as one new branch of ship's fluid-structure coupling dynamics (Bishop & Price 1979). In the early 1980s, by combining the three-dimensional potential flow theory of ship motions with the three-dimensional structural dynamics, three-dimensional hydroelasticity was established by Wu (1984) and Bishop et al. (1986) to deal with the dynamic response of arbitrarily shaped three-dimensional deformable body under internal and external loads. Hereafter, the theory was developed continuously into two main subbranches: one is the three-dimensional hydroelasticity with respect to wave-induced dynamic responses of structures in the incompressible fluid field (Wu 1984; Bishop et al. 1986; Wu et al. 1997; Tian & Wu 2006; Kim et al. 2009; Wu & Cui 2009) and the other deals with the acoustic effect in the compressible fluid field (Zhou et al. 2010; Zou et al. 2013; Zou 2014), the latter of which is also called the three-dimensional sono-elasticity of ships.
La dimensión sectorial del cooperativismo colombiano a través de un análisis de redes
Authors: Alarcón Conde Miguel Ángel , Álvarez Juan Fernando
Published: May 2018

Entre 2003 y 2010 se produce en Colombia un incremento sin precedentes en la constitución y actividad productiva de cooperativas, alcanzando un peso muy notable en la economía. Posteriormente, la regulación de las Cooperativas de Trabajo Asociado supone la desaparición de un número muy importante de ellas, aspecto que explica la acotación temporal del trabajo. Esa acotación también se explica por las limitaciones en la disponibilidad de información, agravadas por la desaparición del Centro de Investigación del Cooperativismo de Colombia y la consecuente desaceleración en las investigaciones sobre el tema, una vez cancelado su papel como principal usuario y poseedor de datos desagregados del cooperativismo.Con todo, los efectos de arrastre del cooperativismo colombiano, en términos intersectoriales y de empleo, tienden a ser menores y generan más empleo indirecto relativamente a los de la economía nacional ante incrementos de la demanda, suponiendo que el cooperativismo tiene una desventaja competitiva respecto a la estructura productiva nacional, más especializada en sectores de demanda débil-media. Además, a través de un Análisis de Redes Sociales, las cooperativas se adaptan al periodo de expansión económica aumentando la cohesión de sus redes intersectoriales, pero se tienen efectos contrarios en fases recesivas. En consecuencia, el sector cooperativo colombiano ha contribuido al desarrollo económico y social, y actualmente busca optimizar sus funciones como organizador del territorio y mediador de la convivencia pacífica. Así, los estudios sobre impacto sectorial y sobre la evaluación de impacto de Políticas Públicas son un elemento indispensable para garantizar la construcción compartida de políticas públicas entre los emprendimientos cooperativos, y solidarios, la Academia y el Gobierno.
Análisis estratégico de la Banca ética en España a través de Triodos Bank. Financiación de proyectos sociales y medioambientales
Authors: Abad Segura Emilio , Valls Martínez María del Carmen
Published: May 2018

La banca social es la respuesta a décadas de especulación financiera y a inversiones alejadas de un compromiso ético y cooperativo. En este sentido, es necesario reflexionar sobre la responsabilidad y el papel que juegan las entidades bancarias en el impacto y desarrollo social, en sus estrategias para captar el ahorro y en los criterios que aplican para definir la concesión del crédito y las inversiones. El sector bancario, tanto en España como en Europa, está modificando su rumbo. El costoso aprendizaje está culminando en la concentración con un número menor de entidades, aunque con más poder, y en la estabilidad de una banca social preocupada por la responsabilidad y transformación social del sistema económico. La banca ética constituye el instrumento necesario para gestionar el negocio bancario desde la transparencia con códigos sociales y medioambientales, sin olvidar la rentabilidad económica para resistir y permanecer en un sistema financiero exigente. El presente trabajo tiene como objetivos estudiar el origen y las características de la banca ética, analizar su implantación en España y examinar las condiciones e iniciativas que la entidad Triodos Bank realiza para posicionarse como banco líder con valores éticos.
La identidad de la empresa social en España: análisis desde cuatro realidades socioeconómicas
Authors: Solórzano García Marta , Guzmán Alfonso Carmen , Savall Morera Teresa , Villajos Girona Esther
Published: May 2018

La realidad y la literatura científica de la empresa social han ido adquiriendo mayor relevancia durante los últimos años en España, aunque no ha llegado a equipararse a los niveles de otros países europeos, en los cuales el concepto goza de un mayor reconocimiento y desarrollo. Si bien se pueden identificar ejemplos de empresas sociales en nuestro país desde el siglo XV, no es hasta hace una década cuando se ha acuñado el concepto de manera más generalizada.Nuestro objetivo es identificar los modelos de empresa social existentes en España sobre cada uno de los enfoques considerados en la literatura específica de empresa social.Partiendo de la metodología y el trabajo desarrollado dentro del proyecto ICSEM (equipo español), estableceremos una clasificación de los distintos modelos de empresas sociales, utilizando como referencia las fronteras conceptuales de cuatro realidades socioeconómicas presentes en España: la economía social, el Tercer Sector de Acción Social, la economía solidaria y el Emprendimiento Social.Como resultado más relevante obtenemos una nueva perspectiva de análisis de las empresas sociales, contribuyendo así al debate actual de delimitación del concepto y realidad de la empresa social, en España en particular, y en la esfera académica en general.
Etere o non etere? Shakespeare e la radio italiana.
Authors: Paolo Caponi
Published: May 2018

Neglected now when not forgotten, the radio has been an extraordinary instrument of cultural production in Italy and abroad between the Thirties and the Sixties. Radio drama, now much less practiced than once, has provided for a long time the opportunity for families to gather around a new domestic fireside. Initially conceived as a mere reading of the dramatic text, radio drama has been capable of evolving in forms that were highly innovative and autonomous from the habitual stage theatre. This happened both legitimizing new authors and applying new techniques of representation and broadcasting to old classics – like Shakespeare. Following the Italian vicissitudes of the Bard on radio, it is possible to evaluate the increase in popularity – and then, the decrease – of the radio as a site of cultural production.
Metformin treatment ameliorates diabetes‐associated decline in hippocampal neurogenesis and memory via phosphorylation of insulin receptor substrate 1
Authors: Tanokashira Daisuke , Kurata Eiko , Fukuokaya Wataru , Kawabe Kenshiro , Kashiwada Mana , Takeuchi Hideyuki , Nakazato Masamitsu , Taguchi Akiko
Published: April 2018

Age‐related reduction in adult hippocampal neurogenesis is correlated with cognitive impairment. Diabetes is a chronic systemic disease that negatively affects adult neural stem cells and memory functions in the hippocampus. Despite growing concern regarding the potential role of diabetic drugs in neural abnormalities, their effects on progressive deterioration of neurogenesis and cognitive functions remain unknown. Here, we show that the combination of aging and diabetes in mice causes a marked decrease in hippocampal neurogenesis along with memory impairment and elevated neuroinflammation. Prolonged treatment with metformin, a biguanide antidiabetic medication, promotes cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation and inhibits aging‐ and diabetes‐associated microglial activation, which is related to homeostatic neurogenesis, leading to enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis in middle‐aged diabetic mice. Although chronic therapy with metformin fails to achieve recovery from hyperglycemia, a key feature of diabetes in middle‐aged diabetic mice, it improves hippocampal‐dependent spatial memory functions accompanied by increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate‐activated protein kinase (AMPK), atypical protein kinase C ζ (aPKC ζ), and insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) at selective serine residues in the hippocampus. Our findings suggest that signaling networks acting through long‐term metformin‐stimulated phosphorylation of AMPK, aPKC ζ/λ, and IRS1 serine sites contribute to neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurogenesis and cognitive function independent of a hypoglycemic effect.
Direct Growth of MoS2 and WS2 Layers by Metal Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition
Authors: Cwik Stefan , Mitoraj Dariusz , Mendoza Reyes Oliver , Rogalla Detlef , Peeters Daniel , Kim Jiyeon , Schütz Hanno Maria , Bock Claudia , Beranek Radim , Devi Anjana
Published: May 2018

For the growth of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides, such as molybdenum (MoS2) and tungsten disulfides (WS2), metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) routes are favorable due to their superior scalability, the possibility to tune the processing temperatures by a proper choice of reactants thus avoiding the need for a postdeposition treatment. Herein, the first example of a promising MOCVD route for the direct fabrication of MoS2 and WS2 layers under moderate process conditions is reported. This straightforward route is successfully realized by the combination of metalorganic precursors of Mo or W bearing the amidinato ligand with just elemental sulfur. The formation of stoichiometric hexagonal 2H‐MoS2 and 2H‐WS2 is demonstrated which is confirmed by Raman, X‐ray diffraction, and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy studies. The deposited layers are evaluated for their electrocatalytic activity in hydrogen evolution reaction as a proof of principle for application in water splitting devices.
Pt–Graphene Contacts Fabricated by Plasma Functionalization and Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Vervuurt René H. J. , Karasulu B. , Thissen Nick F. W. , Jiao Yuqing , Weber Jan‐Willem , Kessels Wilhelmus (Erwin) M. M. , Bol Ageeth A.
Published: May 2018

Pt–graphene contacts are fabricated by atomic layer deposition (ALD) on H2 and O2 plasma functionalized graphene. The plasma functionalization of graphene enables the growth of uniform Pt layers on graphene by ALD and improves the Pt–graphene interaction, which results in a reduced Pt–graphene contact resistance. Devices created using a H2 plasma treatment before Pt ALD perform considerably better than the ones created using O2 plasma treatments (Rc = 0.4 ± 0.2 kΩ µm and Rc = 1.2 ± 0.1 kΩ µm, respectively). The lower performance of the O2 plasma treatments is attributed to a less favorable Pt–graphene oxide interaction and the amorphization of graphene due to the O2 plasma interaction. Supporting the latter, density functional theory calculations indicate that the CH groups created by a H2 plasma treatment leave the π‐conjugation (by C‐pz orbitals) of graphene largely intact, resulting in good in‐plane and out‐of‐plane conductivity. The CO groups formed by an O2 plasma treatment however disturb the C‐pz character, deteriorating the in‐plane conduction of graphene, despite the good out‐of‐plane conduction. The results indicate that the treatment of graphene by H2 plasma is a straightforward approach to improve the ALD growth on graphene and reduce the Pt–graphene contact resistance.
Electrochemical Fabrication and Sensing Application of Multicolored Silver Films
Authors: Li Na , Yu Linan , Wei Pingping , Ji Junyi , Zhao Jiupeng , Zhang Qiao , Li Yao , Yin Yadong
Published: May 2018

This study demonstrates an electrochemical method for the deposition of Ag nanoparticles with anisotropic quasi‐flat structures on solid substrates to form thin films with tunable plasmonic bands covering the full visible range (from 450 to 780 nm). By manipulating the electrodeposition conditions (such as the concentration of capping ligands and pulse voltage), the size and aspect ratio of the deposited silver nanostructures can be controlled and subsequently their plasmonic bands can be tuned. Unlike the free colloidal nanoparticles that often aggregate when exposed to poor solvents, the electrodeposited Ag nanostructured films adhere strongly to the substrates, allowing for their convenient use as effective sensors for the rapid detection of various solvents and their mixtures based on refractive indices. This work provides a new and robust pathway for the preparation of supported plasmonic nanostructured films with controllable morphology and desirable optical property and stability.
Performance of various Si/Al ratios ofZSM‐5‐filled polydimethylsiloxane/polyethersulfone membrane in butanol recovery by pervaporation
Authors: Xue Guangpeng , Shi Baoli
Published: May 2018

Various Si/Al ratios (25, 50, 150, 300) ofZSM‐5‐filledPDMS/PESmembranes were prepared in this work.FTIR,SEM, and a self‐designed apparatus were used to characterize the morphology ofZSM‐5 particles and the morphology and mechanical properties of mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). The affinity ofZSM‐5 particles with four different Si/Al ratios toward butanol was investigated via physical imbibition. In the pervaporation (PV) process, it is shown that the Si/Al ratio ofZSM‐5 significantly influences separation performance ofMMMs. As the Si/Al ratio increased from 25 to 300, the separation factor was increased from 16.5 to 24.1. Moreover, as the loading content ofZSM‐5 increased from 0 to 50 wt.%, the separation factor increased from 15.6 to 24.0 and the total flux increased from 101.7 to 146.3 g/(m2 h). Furthermore, as the downstream pressure increased from 0.6 to 3 kPa,MMMs gradually lost the selectivity.
Microhabitat utilization by fork‐marked dwarf lemurs (Phaner spp.) and needle‐clawed galagos (Euoticus spp.) in primary and secondary forests
Authors: Forbanka Derick N.
Published: May 2018

Needle‐clawed galagos (Euoticus spp.) and fork‐marked dwarf lemurs (Phaner spp.) are specialist gummivores inhabiting the forests of Cameroon and Madagascar, respectively. They share a suite of adaptations related to their foraging behavior, but are distantly related. I compared structural characteristics of the natural vegetation in which these strepsirrhines occurred using 10 m × 10 m (100 m2) quadrats established in forest areas selected on the grounds of observations of animals during nocturnal surveys. I established a total of 27 quadrats (13 in Madagascar and 14 in Cameroon). In each quadrat, trees potentially used by the animals (i.e., with a circumference at breast height ≥10 cm) were assessed for diameter at breast height (DBH), total height, and maximum crown diameter (MCD) as well as tree density. The nature of the bark, and presence of exudates and flowers were also assessed, together with habitat characteristics such as percentage canopy cover and herbaceous cover. Primary and secondary forest types studied in Madagascar showed significant differences in DBH, MCD, and tree density, whereas only tree density was significantly different for the two forest types in Cameroon. Most of the trees in the quadrats had rough bark, but few had either exudates or flowers. Both Phaner and Euoticus show some degree of plasticity in their use of both primary and secondary forests, although they specialize in habitats with tall, large diameter trees. They can adjust to using trees in human modified habitats. Both taxa can survive in areas where a reasonably continuous canopy is not lacking.
Wearing the marks of violence: Unusual trauma patterning at Coyo Oriental, Northern Chile
Authors: Torres‐Rouff Christina , Hubbe Mark , Pestle William J.
Published: May 2018

Objectives

In this article, we present analyses of traumatic injury data from the Middle Period Coyo Oriental cemetery in northern Chile. We test a series of hypotheses about the role of sex, foreign contact, ritual access, and temporal shifts, in the patterning of cranial trauma in this cemetery.

Methods

Two hundred and twenty‐seven crania from Coyo Oriental were analyzed using standard bioarcheological methods to determine sex and age as well as the presence of cranial fractures. We also documented the presence of Tiwanaku goods, objects tied to warfare or hunting, camelid offerings, snuff paraphernalia, and items related to mining.

Results

We recorded 98 cranial fractures in the sample with 94.9% (93/98) on the anterior of the cranium. No significant differences are observed in the prevalence of trauma by sex, type of grave, or date. However, Coyo Oriental's trauma prevalence is two to three times higher than other Middle Period sites.

Conclusion

The prevalence and location of these injuries suggest that conflict at Coyo Oriental, while of the same nature, was at a scale different to that seen elsewhere in the oases. We posit here that the development of social hierarchy, population growth, expansive social networks, and foreign contact that characterized the Middle Period may have resulted in a need for social control among the emergent elites of the region.