bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adaptation of Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale: Latent Profile Analysis
Authors: Kırksekiz Ali , Yıldız Mehmet , Kıyıcı Mübin , Yıldız Metin
Published: December 2024

Artificial intelligence literacy is vital for individuals' adaptation to the future workforce and societal changes by enabling them to understand and effectively use AI technologies and critically evaluate their impact on society. In this study, the validity and reliability of the artificial intelligence literacy scale in Turkish language were tested and the latent profiles of the students were determined. This methodological study was carried out with a total of 729 students between December 2023 and February 2024. Validity and reliability analyses were conducted with SPSS 27 and AMOS 24, and latent profile analysis was handled with R programming language. According to the results of the CFA analysis of the Artificial Intelligence Literacy Scale, the fit indices were found to be significant (X²/sd= 3.832, RMSEA=.062, CFI=.949, AGFI=.933, GFI=.960, NFI=.949, TLI=.928, IFI=.916). Considering the Cronbach Alpha value of the scale consisting of 4 sub-dimensions and 12 items, the internal consistency coefficientwas found to be 0.814. Since the lowest BIC value in the latent profile analysis was found in the VVV model, the VVV model was considered as the appropriate one in the study, and the class analyses were carried out through this model. With the LPA analysis, it was designated that the scale was divided into 3 classes. It was determined that the Artificial intelligence literacy scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool. After latent profile analysis, it was found out that the scale was divided into 3 classes.
Ortaokul Öğrencilerinin Eleştirel Düşünme Becerileri, Yaratıcı Okuma Algıları ve Okuma Öz Yeterlikleri Arasındaki İlişki
Authors: Kayhan Selvanur , Eyüp Bircan , Malkoç Emine
Published: December 2024

Bu çalışmanın amacı, ortaokul öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme becerileri, yaratıcı okuma algıları ve okuma öz yeterlik düzeylerini belirlemek ve aralarındaki ilişkiyi incelemektir. Çalışma korelasyon araştırma desenine göre tasarlanmıştır. Çalışma grubunu Türkiye’nin kuzeydoğusunda yer alan Trabzon ilindeki resmî ortaokul ve imam hatip ortaokullarından seçilen 14 okulda öğrenim gören 641 öğrenci (Kız=349, Erkek=293) oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Eleştirel Düşünme Becerisi Testi, Yaratıcı Okuma Algı Ölçeği ve Okuma Öz Yeterliği Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonucunda, ortaokul öğrencilerinin eleştirel düşünme becerileri ile okuma öz yeterlikleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Öğrencilerin yaratıcı okuma algıları ile okuma öz yeterlikleri arasında pozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunurken eleştirel düşünme becerisi ile yaratıcı okuma algıları arasında anlamlı ilişki tespit edilmemiştir. Çalışmada aynı zamanda öğrencilerin eleştirel düşünme ve yaratıcı okuma puanlarının orta seviyelerde, okuma öz yeterliği puanlarının ise orta seviyenin üstünde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Cinsiyet açısından tüm değişkenlerde kız öğrenciler lehine sonuçlara ulaşılırken sosyoekonomik durum açısından sadece eleştirel düşünme ve okuma öz yeterliğinde anlamlı farklılıklara ulaşıldığı ancak yaratıcı okuma algısında ise anlamlı bir farklılığa ulaşılamadığı tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada elde edilen sonuçlar, öğrencilerin üst düzey düşünme becerileri ve bu becerilerin gelişimine katkı sağlayan okuma öz yeterliğine yeterince sahip olmadıklarını göstermektedir.
Excommunication and the Politics of Piety in Ambrose of Milan
Authors: Natal Villazala David
Published: December 2024

This article explores the excommunica­tion of Theodosius in 390 AD and argues that, although the massacre of Thessalonica precipitated Ambrose’s condemnation, this episode was not a spontaneous event, but rather the result of the latter’s intellectual interest in the political and soteriological effects of penance. Deeply influenced by biblical exegesis, Ambrose portrayed The­odosius’ excommunication as a triumph for both himself and the emperor. How­ever, later Christian sources predominantly depicted this event as a direct clash between church and state, an interpretation that has endured to the present day.
[Book Review] Hope Circuits: Rewiring Universities and Other Organizations for Human Flourishing by Jessica Riddell
Authors: Abrahamson Earle
Published: December 2024

Book review of Hope Circuits: Rewiring Universities and Other Organizations for Human Flourishing by Jessica Riddell.
A renovação da pintura de paisagem no século XIX
Authors: Dias Elaine
Published: December 2024

A renovação da pintura de paisagem na França, no século XIX, deu-se, inicialmente, com o protagonismo de pintores como Camille Corot, Gustave Courbet e dos artistas da chamada École de Barbizon, especialmente de Théodore Rousseau. Durante as décadas de 1830 e 1850, os trabalhos destes artistas revelavam a prática de estudos em plein air, de esboços acabados e da experiência do pintor diante da paisagem. Discípulo de Corot, Henri-Nicolas Vinet, pintor que vive no Rio de Janeiro entre 1856 e 1876, formou-se a partir destes métodos, atuando em Fontainebleau e na Normandia, entre outros locais. Pretende-se, neste artigo, discutir o processo de renovação da pintura de paisagem na França, entendendo a formação de Vinet antes de sua chegada ao Brasil.
The Challenge in Diagnosis and Management of Secondary Conjunctival Cysts
Authors: Nurlistyani Dinda Puspita , Lutfi Delfitri
Published: December 2024

Introduction: Conjunctival cysts can be categorized as primary or secondary. This report emphasizes difficulties in diagnosing secondary conjunctival cysts and distinguishing them from other conjunctival lesions like conjunctival benign reactive lymphoid hyperplasia (BRLH). Case Presentation: A 43-year-old male had a painless progressive conjunctival mass for four months. He took anti-aging and muscle-enhancing injections for a year and changed the product brand four months ago. Our examination revealed a conjunctival translucent mass with distinct margins and surface-feeding vessels without visual disturbance. We provisionally diagnosed it as a conjunctival cyst with a differential diagnosis of BRLH. We treated the patient with oral methylprednisolone and dexamethasone eye drops and discontinuation of anti-aging injections. The mass completely disappeared after one month of treatment. Conclusions: This case presented a diagnostic challenge due to the presence of a feeding vessel, which indicated inflammation. This made differentiating from inflamed conjunctival masses, such as BRLH, difficult. The patient had a history of suspected inflammation from changing the brand of injectable drug. Initially, we used steroids to reduce inflammation and prevent mass growth, but surprisingly, the lesion completely disappeared. If it recurs, a biopsy may be needed to identify the exact cause, as we have not ruled out BRLH. Secondary conjunctival cysts can result from toxins, trauma, or allergies. A thorough history taking, eye examination, and biopsy may be necessary to rule out other causes of inflamed conjunctival masses.
HAYVANLARIN SANAT NESNESİ OLARAK KULLANIMI: ‘HAZIR CANLI’NIN SANAT OLMA OLASILIĞI
Authors: Göktepe Beyza , Ötgün Cebrail
Published: December 2024

Modernden günümüze hazır nesneden her türlü performatif sanata, fiziki olarak algılanamayacak imgelere, canlı hayvan sergilerine kadar çok çeşitli sanat örnekleri deneyimlenmektedir. Bu araştırma, sanatçıların diğer canlılarla olan iş birliğinden doğan eserleri irdelerken, özellikle hayvan örneklerinden referansla sanatta canlı manipülasyonu ve canlı hayvan temsiliyetinin ahlaki, siyasi ve sanatla kurulabilecek bağlantılarından yola çıkmaktadır. İnsanın kendi dışındaki canlılar üzerindeki manipülasyonu, üretim ve tüketimdeki dengesizlik, insan ve doğa arasındaki derinleşen uyumsuzluk, sanata da eleştirel veya manipülasyon boyutlarıyla yansımaktadır. Canlıların sürekli birbirleriyle etkileşimde olduğu düşünülürse, sanatçının diğer canlılar dünyasından seçtikleri üzerinden yaptıkları ‘manipülasyon’, özellikle çağdaş sanatın tartışma konuları arasındadır. Araştırma kapsamında, birbirinden farklı bağlamlarla ortaya konulmuş canlı hayvanların dahil olduğu sanat eserleri ele alınmıştır. Konuşamayan bir türle iş birlikli sanatın olasılıkları, ‘eşitlik ilkesi’, hak odaklı ve ekoeleştirel bir bakışla incelenmiştir. Konu, insan dışındaki canlılara karşı ‘insan merkezci’ manipüle edilmiş dört örnek üzerinden tartışılmıştır. Öte yandan ekosistem tartışmaları kapsamında her canlıya faydacı ‘eşitlik ilkesi’ çerçevesinde yaklaşıldığı düşünülen bir örnek de konunun ikilemine katkı sunması amacıyla dahil edilmiştir.
FİZİKSEL ETKİLEŞİM İÇİN KURGULANAN BASILI ÇOKLU SAYFALARIN TASARIMI
Authors: Keleşoğlu Bengisu , Uygungöz Mehtap
Published: December 2024

Grafik tasarımın başlı başına etkileşimli bir alandır. Görsel elemanların tasarlanarak ve organize edilerek düzenlenmesiyle, iletilen mesaj ile okuyucusunu bilgilendirir ve harekete geçirir. Okuyucunun sadece bilgiyi alma eyleminin ötesine geçerek tasarımcı tarafından kurgulanan oyunun içine dahil edilmesi ile katılımcıya dönüşmesi teması bu makalenin ana fikrini oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmada, okuma–anlama–harekete geçme düzeyinde izleyicisi / okuyucusu ile fiziksel etkileşim üzerine kurgulanmış ve basılmış, çoklu sayfa tasarımlarından bazıları incelenmiş ve bu başlık altında derlenmiştir. Okuyucunun etkileşimiyle, biçimsel ve anlamsal değişimlere olanak tanıyan, yeni iletişim kanalları oluşturan eserlere yer verilmiştir. Kitap ve dergi gibi kâğıt üzerine basılmış ve seri üretilmiş çoklu sayfalar,
tasarımcısının yaratıcı fikri sayesinde sadece okunmak için değil, “deneyimlenmek” için de tasarlanabilmektedir. Tasarımcı, dijital ortamların dışında, okuyucusuna yaşatmak istediği deneyimi basılı çoklu sayfalarda sunabilmektedir. Etkileşim, basılı sayfaların tasarımını görsel ya da anlamsal olarak yönlendirdiği, değiştirdiği kadar basılı sayfaların tasarımı da etkileşimi yönlendirmekte, kimi zaman bireyin hareketinin rotasını belirleyebilmektedir. Etkileşimin ve grafik tasarımın iç içe geçtiği bu sahada, içerik farklı bir düzende takip edilebilmekte ve yorumlanabilmektedir. Bu makalede ele alınan örnekler, okuma ve izleme pratiğine yönelik fiziksel deneyimlerin potansiyellerini öne çıkarmaktadır.
KAPSAYICI MÜZE VE DİJİTAL DESTEKLİ KAPSAYICI PRATİKLER
Authors: Ergin Gamze
Published: December 2024

Çağdaş müzeler sanatın ve kültürel paylaşımın mekânsal deneyimle iç içe geçtiği, çok katmanlı etkileşim alanları olarak işlev görmekte ve toplumun her kesimini bu etkileşime dahil etmeyi amaçlamaktadır. Dijitalleşme hayatın neredeyse her alanını etkilediği gibi müzecilik pratiklerini de dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmada ‘yeni dijital teknolojik temsil biçimleri müzelerde kapsayıcılık pratiklerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik olanaklar sunar’ hipotezinden hareketle, kapsayıcı müzelerin hangi kriterlerle şekillendiği ve bu kriterlerin sağlanmasında dijital teknolojilerin rolünün tespiti amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma iki aşamalı olarak kurgulanmıştır. İlk aşamada kapsamlı bir literatür taraması ile dijitalleşme, kapsayıcılık, kapsayıcı tasarım, sosyal dışlanma kavramları ve müzecilikte dijitalleşme ve kapsayıcılık ilişkisi derinlemesine araştırılmış, müzelerde sosyal kapsayıcılığın sağlanması için yapılması gerekenler, kapsayıcılık süreci ve tipolojileri üzerinden belirlenmiştir. İkinci aşamada
ise müzelerde kapsayıcılık süreci kriterleri doğrultusunda, dijital uygulamalarla desteklenen çağdaş müzecilik pratikleri nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden saha taraması ve literatür araştırması ile tespit edilerek irdelenmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular ışığında, müzelerde kapsayıcılığın bir süreç olduğu ve üç aşamalı kapsayıcı müzecilik sürecinin her aşamasında çeşitli dijital teknolojik uygulamalar kullanılarak müzecilik faaliyetlerine toplumsal katılımının desteklendiği görülmüştür.
PREJUÍZOS GERADOS PELO MODELO DE AVALIAÇÃO DA CAPES NA ÁREA DA BIODIVERSIDADE
Authors: Pelicice Fernando Mayer
Published: December 2024

Existe amplo descontentamento entre docentes e discentes de Programas de Pós-Graduação na Área da Biodiversidade com o processo avaliativo da Capes. O clamor por mudanças, entretanto, vem se perdendo em reuniões, corredores e grupos de conversa. Para formalizar uma crítica, escrevi este ensaio com o objetivo de analisar as contradições, distorções e mazelas geradas pelo processo avaliativo na Área da Biodiversidade, marcado pela cultura produtivista e pela aplicação de metodologias de alta complexidade e burocracia. Para tal, investigo uma série de aspectos que desqualificam o atual modelo de avaliação, com destaque para a formação discente, que perdeu sua relevância no processo; o amplo descolamento das demandas nacionais e regionais; a indução de assimetrias entre programas; o desprezo pela atuação docente; o emprego de metodologias complexas, desnecessárias e deficientes; a indução de graves distorções na pesquisa científica nacional; o estímulo a más práticas; a atribuição de conceitos artificiais de excelência; e a ampla degradação da saúde mental da comunidade acadêmica. Existem muitas razões para se preocupar com estes prejuízos, pois o modelo vigente deixou de cumprir com os fins de avaliação, enquanto tem contribuído para criar um ambiente acadêmico tóxico, gerando distorções, injustiças e malefícios. Romper com este processo exigirá coragem e mobilização dos programas, pois envolve burocracia estatal, controle, status quo e elitismo. A mudança, entretanto, é necessária, no sentido de tornar o processo avaliativo mais simples, compreensível e significativo, com potencial real de contribuir para o crescimento, universalização e democratização da Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade no Brasil.
The Criminalization of Environmental Harm: Theoretical Perspectives in the European Union
Authors: Krisztina Ficsor
Published: December 2024

Climate change poses a serious threat to the health and well-being of people and the environment and is one of the most pressing issues facing the European Union today. The damage caused by rising global temperatures, extreme weather events, and the resulting environmental degradation are not only ecological concerns but also directly impact human life. The greatest challenge for states worldwide is to find out how to combat climate change and its consequences with legislation. This situation demands a reevaluation of legal liability in the context of environmental harm. Traditional legal approaches often focus on punishing individual transgressions and direct harm, but climate change and environmental damage are collective and long-term problems that require a more systemic approach. The complexity of the problem comes from the fact that climate change and its serious consequences are the result of human action. However, most of these actions are legal. The special features of environmental harm and damage must encourage governments to reconsider the concept of legal liability and other general issues concerning the function of law.  With normative legal methodology, this essay elaborates on these issues from the perspective of European Criminal Law and the criminalization of environmental harm.
Climate change and the single cell
Authors: Lamport Derek T. A.
Published: December 2024

In The Power of Movement in Plants, Charles Darwin details many examples of oscillatory growth, recently exemplified at the single-cell level by pollen tube tip oscillations and associated ion fluxes, particularly of Ca2+and H+. This implies an underlying growth oscillator, supported by the recent discovery that classical arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) bind Ca2+ at the cell surface. The juxtaposition of AGPs with three additional components embedded in the plasma membrane provides evidence of a Ca2+ cycle that generates cytosolic Ca2+. This cycle involves Ca2+ channels, auxin efflux “PIN” proteins, and an auxin-activated proton pump that dissociates AGP-Ca2+ on demand. While the apparent simplicity of this system satisfies Occam’s razor, its proposed role as a global growth oscillator demands in-depth examination. The wide ramifications extend from pollen tubes to stomatal guard cells. Stomata act as crucial regulatory components of a water hypercycle that contributes to the homeostasis of a warming planet by regulating evaporative cooling and reflective cloud cover generated by vast tropical rainforests of the South and the equally vast arboreal forests of the North. Finally, forests and the high albedo of snow-capped mountains and polar ice caps are essential to the Gaia hypothesis of James Lovelock and Lynn Margulis, which remains a brilliant metaphor despite earlier criticism.
Natural Spacetime: Describing Nature in Natural Concepts
Authors: Niemz Markolf H.
Published: December 2024

Today’s physics describes nature in “empirical concepts” (concepts that are based on observation), such as coordinate space/time, wave/particle, force/field. There are coordinate-free formulations of special and general relativity (SR/GR), but there is no absolute time in SR/GR and thus no “holistic view” (view that is universal for all objects at the same instant in time). Here I show: A holistic view is required to solve the Hubble tension and 14 other mysteries. Euclidean relativity (ER) provides a holistic view by describing nature in “natural concepts” (concepts that are immanent in all objects). Proper space/time replaces coordinate space/time. “Pure energy” replaces wave/particle. I give one example where a process replaces force/field. An object’s proper space d1, d2, d3 and proper time τ span natural, Euclidean spacetime (ES) d1, d2, d3, d4 with d4 = cτ. The invariant is absolute, cosmic time θ. All energy moves through ES at the speed c. An observer’s reality is created by orthogonally projecting ES to his proper space and proper time. Information is lost in projections. This implies that ER goes beyond SR/GR and that we face mysteries if we ignore ES. I conclude: (1) ER describes the “master reality” ES. (2) SR/GR describe each observer’s reality. (3) Because of the different realities, ER does not compete with SR/GR. (4) ER provides new information that is hidden in absolute time and thus not available in SR/GR. (5) In ER, cosmic inflation, expanding space, dark energy, and non-locality are obsolete concepts. (6) ER solves 15 mysteries purely geometrically.
Preventive and Therapeutic Vaccines Against HIV: From New Mechanisms to Clinical Trials
Authors: Zhernov Yury V. , Vysochanskaya Sonya O. , Petrova Vladislava O. , Simanduyev Mark Y. , Al-khaleefa Ezzulddin , Pashayeva Kamilla R. , Feyziyeva Narmina Yu. , Zhernov Vladimir A.
Published: December 2024

As of the end of 2024, despite the disruptions caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, the global human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic persists, with 39 million individuals living with the virus and 1.3 million new infections reported in that year. Opportunistic infections associated with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) claimed the lives of over 630,000 people in 2023, contributing to a cumulative death toll exceeding 40.4 million since the disease's emergence in 1981. Although advances in HIV diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy have transformed the disease into a manageable chronic condition, issues like drug resistance, low compliance, and high treatment costs persist. Until a vaccine becomes available, a comprehensive approach involving prevention and therapy is essential, particularly for high-risk populations. Research shows that prevention strategies are more cost-effective than treatment. The development of antiretroviral drugs has also spurred the creation of antivirals for other infections. The emergence of COVID-19 vaccines has opened new avenues for HIV vaccine development, as lessons from vaccine platform technologies like mRNA, viral vectors, and protein subunits can be applied to HIV. This review explores the most promising prophylactic and therapeutic HIV vaccine trials, emphasizing the need for a multi-pronged approach combining vaccines with non-vaccine strategies. Though significant progress is anticipated, the road to a viable HIV vaccine remains long, especially for high-risk populations such as medical workers, blood transfusion recipients, and drug users. The combinatorial approach, capitalizing on various aspects of immunity, may hold the key to defeating HIV in the future.
A Simple Machine Learning-Based Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship Model for Predicting pIC50 Inhibition Values of FLT3 Tyrosine Kinase
Authors: Alcázar Jackson J. , Sánchez Ignacio , Merino Cristian , Monasterio Bruno , Sajuria Gaspar , Miranda Diego , Díaz Felipe , Campodónico Paola R.
Published: December 2024

In this study, a simple machine learning-based quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) model has been developed to predict the inhibitory potency (pIC50 values) of FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitors, crucial for the treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Distinctively, our model leverages an extensive and diverse dataset, 14 times larger than those employed in prior studies within this field, enabling an unparalleled scope of compound analysis. This vast dataset, combined with further exploration of molecular descriptors, allows for more accurate and efficient predictions than previous studies. The Random Forest Regressor algorithm, selected for its excellent predictive performance, was trained on a dataset comprising 1080 compounds and subjected to rigorous validation. Internal validation, performed through Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross-validation, yielded an Q2LOO value of 0.92, demonstrating the model's internal consistency and predictive reliability. Additionally, external validation using 270 independent compounds not included in the training set achieved an R2 of 0.941, with a standard deviation of 0.237, outperforming previous approaches in terms of simplicity and precision. Key molecular descriptors have been identified, enhancing the understanding of structural requirements for inhibitor potency. Additionally, a user-friendly computational tool has been developed, enabling rapid predictions of pIC50 values. Using this tool, potential FLT3 inhibitors have been identified via ligand-based virtual screening. This study represents a significant advancement in FLT3 inhibitor discovery using a simplified QSAR-machine learning model, enabling more precise and practical identification of potential drug candidates at an early stage, promising faster development of targeted therapies and streamlining the ligand-based drug design process.
Latin America's Dengue Outbreak Poses Global Health Threat
Authors: de Almeida Michelle Teixeira , Merighi Davi Gabriel Salustiano , Visnardi Aline Biazola , Boneto Gonçalves Cauê Augusto , Amorim Vitor Martins de Freitas , Ferrari Anielle Salviano de Almeida , Souza Anacleto Silva de , Guzzo Cristiane Rodrigues
Published: December 2024

Dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus (DENV), presents a significant global health challenge, especially in tropical and subtropical regions. The exponential increase in native DENV cases in Europe is concerning, indicating a significant rise in incidence. As climate change intensifies, it is crucial to implement proactive measures to address the presence of Aedes albopictus (Asian tiger mosquito) in Europe to prevent dengue and other tropical diseases from becoming endemic in temperate regions. In 2024, Brazil experienced a dramatic surge in dengue cases, reporting an incidence rate four times higher than that of 2023, accompanied by a notable rise in mortality. This alarming trend underscores the urgent need for heightened surveillance and preventive measures, as it may signal the potential for new dengue outbreaks in non-tropical regions. Herein, we explored various aspects of DENV transmission, clinical manifestations, epidemiological trends, and management strategies. DENV transmission depends on Aedes mosquitoes as vectors and humans as hosts. The Aedes species is easily identified by its distinctive black-and-white striped legs. Factors such as temperature, humidity, and precipitation significantly influence mosquito proliferation, and these factors are increasingly affected by climate change. Additionally, the rise in global travel is facilitating the spread of viruses across borders, particularly arboviruses like DENV. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for effective public health interventions. DENV presents a spectrum of clinical manifestations, ranging from asymptomatic cases to severe conditions such as dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome, influenced by viral serotype and host factors. We explored various diagnostic approaches that integrate clinical symptoms with serological and molecular testing. In Brazil, prevention strategies including vector control, community engagement, and vaccination programs have been implemented. However, these measures have proven insufficient to avert the outbreak in 2024. Climate change drives the geographical expansion of dengue-endemic areas, with recent outbreaks in Europe highlighting the evolving epidemiological landscape. Vigilant global collaboration is essential to mitigate the impact of dengue and other emerging arboviruses, including West Nile virus, Zika virus, Chikungunya virus, Oropouche virus, and Yellow Fever virus.
Comparison of the Glycemic Impact of Popular Snack Bars in the Chilean Market
Authors: Batista-Gonzalez Ana , Vivanco Daniela , Contreras Rodrigo A.
Published: December 2024

The rising popularity of snacks has increased concerns for metabolic health because many of these products—often marketed as healthy—are packed with carbohydrates that cause rapid blood sugar spikes followed by sharp drops. This cycle can lead to unstable energy levels and unhealthy eating habits. Here, we analyzed the glycemic response to the NotProtein® snack bar (NPSB), a plant-based protein bar formulated with isomaltulose, and compared it to two of the top-selling snack bars in Chile, a cereal-based snack (CBS), and animal-based protein bar (ABPS). Ten healthy adults participated in the study, and their blood sugar levels were monitored after consuming portions standardized to contain 25 g of available carbohydrates. The findings showed that the NPSB had the most favorable glycemic response, with the lowest glycemic load (4.4). Accordingly, the NPSB had a slower glucose absorption rate and faster clearance, promoting a more stable and sustained blood sugar response. The observed benefits can be attributed to the unique formulation of NPSB, which combines isomaltulose with higher levels of protein and fiber. This study underscores the potential of scientifically crafted snacks to improve metabolic health, offering a promising solution for those seeking balanced energy and better nutritional options in their daily diets.
Physicochemical Properties of Two Poly-L-Lactic Acid Injectable Implants: Potential Impact on Their Biological Properties
Authors: Avelar Luiz , Haddad Alessandra , Fabi Sabrina G , Somenek Michael , Beleznay Katie , Aguilera Shino Bay , Taylor-Barnes Kathlyn , Morgan Peter , Mao Cheri , Öhrlund Åke , Lundgren Björn , Leng Lian , Bråsäter Daniel
Published: December 2024

The objective of this study was to evaluate thermal properties and crystallinity of two poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) injectable implants, Sculptra® (PLLA-SCA) and GANA V® (PLLA-GA), and the extent to which these properties might impact their biological response. PLLA-SCA and PLLA-GA (800mg/sample) underwent differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffraction to evaluate their thermal properties and degree of crystallinity. X-ray powder diffraction spectra displayed a sharper, more intense peak for PLLA-GA than PLLA-SCA, with smaller peaks on either side of the main peak of PLLA-GA but not PLLA-SCA. Differential scanning calorimetry thermograms indicated three thermal events for both PLLA-SCA and PLLA-GA. For PLLA-SCA, the first two events occurred between 65°C and 90°C and the third event occurred at 165°C. For PLLA-GA all three events occurred between 156°C and 169°C. Heating samples to 120°C and cooling to room temperature prior to differential scanning calorimetry resulted in no thermal events being observed between 65–90°C with either product, while three events were observed with PLLA-GA and one event with PLLA-SCA between 156°C and 169°C. In conclusion, PLLA-SCA is more amorphous than PLLA-GA. The single melting point of PLLA-SCA contrasts with the broader spectrum of melting points for PLLA-GA suggests a more homogenous formulation of PLLA-SCA. This, and its less crystalline structure, result in the slower degradation rate and more sustained biological response of PLLA-SCA compared with PLLA-GA. The physiochemical properties of PLLAs affect the biological response in clinical practice and should be taken into consideration when selecting a PLLA treatment for aesthetic use.
Smart Cities and Sustainable Urban Development
Authors: Rosário Albérico Travassos , Boechat Anna Carolina
Published: December 2024

The concept of Smart Cities has gained global attention as a strategy to address the challenges of rapid urbanization, resource depletion, and environmental sustainability. This paper explores the integration of smart technologies and data-driven systems in urban environments to enhance sustainable urban development. Through a systematic bibliometric review, we examine how smart city initiatives leverage digital infrastructure, the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and big data analytics to optimise resource use, reduce carbon emissions, improve mobility, and enhance the quality of life for urban residents. We also investigate the role of policy frameworks, governance, and stakeholder engagement in fostering sustainable and inclusive urban ecosystems. Based on the above, it is intended to systematically review the bibliometric literature on Smart Cities and Sustainable Urban Development in the Scopus database with the analysis of 94 academic and/or scientific documents. Key challenges, including data privacy concerns, digital inequality, and the financial and ethical implications of smart city projects, are discussed. The findings suggest that while smart technologies can significantly contribute to sustainability goals, a holistic approach incorporating social, environmental, and economic dimensions is essential for long-term success. This paper provides strategic insights for urban planners, policymakers, and researchers on balancing technological innovation with sustainability in the context of future urban development.
Strong Electronic Interaction with Oxygen Vacancies Enriched Cobalt-Oxide Support Boost the CO Production Yield of Nickel-Hydroxide Nanoparticles
Authors: Bhalothia Dinesh , Li Tien-fu , Beniwal Amisha , Bagaria Ashima , Chen Tsan-Yao
Published: December 2024

The catalytic conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) into carbon monoxide (CO) via the reverse water-gas shift (RWGS) reaction offers a promising pathway toward a sustainable carbon cycle. However, the competing Sabatier reaction presents a significant challenge, underscoring the need for highly efficient catalysts. In this study, we developed a novel catalyst comprising cobalt-oxide-supported nickel-hydroxide nanoparticles (denoted as Co@Ni). This catalyst achieved a remarkable CO production yield of ~5,144 μmol gcatalyst⁻¹ at 573 K, with a CO selectivity of 77%. These values represent 30% and 70% improvements over carbon-supported Ni(OH)2 (Ni-AC) and CoO (Co-AC) nanoparticles, respectively. Comprehensive physical characterizations and electrochemical analyses reveal that the exceptional CO yield of the Co@Ni catalyst stems from the synergistic electronic interactions between adjacent active sites. Specifically, cobalt-oxide domains act as electron donors to Ni sites, facilitating efficient H2 splitting. Additionally, the oxygen vacancies in cobalt oxide enhance CO2 adsorption and promote subsequent dissociation. These findings provide critical insights into the design of highly efficient and selective catalysts for the RWGS reaction, paving the way for advancements in sustainable carbon utilization technologies.
Unveiling the Fifth Dimension: A Novel Approach to Quantum Mechanics
Authors: Astbury Frederick George
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a new theoretical framework that reimagines time as a two-dimensional manifold, encompassing two orthogonal dimensions: foretime, which represents traditional linear time, and sidetime, a continuum of parallel states akin to quantum superposition. This unified five-dimensional model incorporates key aspects of both the Copenhagen and Many-Worlds interpretations, reimagining particles as clouds of interconnected, tangible “clones.” Each clone represents a unique eigenstate, collectively manifesting as a waveform distributed across sidetime rather than existing as a singular entity in traditional time. This framework challenges conventional views on quantum measurement by proposing that measurement arises not from wave function collapse, but from an interaction between the observer’s limited three-dimensional perspective and a fundamentally five-dimensional quantum event—termed 3-5 duality. This reinterpretation unifies conflicting interpretations of observation and measurement, offering potential resolutions to several longstanding quantum paradoxes without invoking external decoherence mechanisms. Through a re-examination of experimental evidence within this five-dimensional context, Strip Theory provides fresh insights into foundational quantum phenomena, harmonising divergent interpretations and offering solutions to enduring paradoxes in quantum mechanics. This framework offers a transformative approach to quantum mechanics by harmonizing diverse interpretations within a unified five-dimensional model, potentially advancing our understanding of quantum measurement, coherence, and the classical-quantum boundary.
Comprehensive Review of the Cardiovascular Risks and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Psychoactive Substances
Authors: Folgar Manuel Isorna , Burillo-Putze Guillermo
Published: December 2024

Psychoactive substance use, encompassing both legal (tobacco, alcohol) and illicit drugs (cocaine, methamphetamines, cannabis), poses a significant and escalating threat to global cardiovascular health. This comprehensive review explores the multifaceted impact of these substances on cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), which remain the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Through an analysis of recent literature, the review elucidates the pathophysiological mechanisms—including oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, autonomic dysregulation, and endothelial dysfunction—that mediate the cardiovascular toxicity of these substances. Acute and chronic cardiovascular risks are highlighted, encompassing myocardial infarction, arrhythmias, hypertension, cardiomyopathy, and cerebrovascular events. Particular attention is given to vulnerable populations, such as younger users and individuals with pre-existing CVDs, emphasizing the compounded risks associated with prolonged substance exposure. Additionally, the review identifies gaps in current research, especially regarding the chronic cardiovascular effects and optimal long-term management strategies for substance-induced CVDs. Evidence-based recommendations for prevention, diagnosis, and management are proposed, aiming to inform clinical practice and public health policies. By integrating pathophysiological insights with clinical evidence, this review seeks to advance understanding of substance-related cardiovascular risks and promote the development of targeted interventions to mitigate this growing global health challenge.
Rapoport’s Rule, Ecotone Concept, and Salinity Gradient Predict the Distribution of Benthic Foraminifera in a Southeastern Pacific Estuary
Authors: Fernández Leonardo D. , Marchant Margarita
Published: December 2024

This study explores the biogeographic processes shaping the distribution of benthic foraminifera along a salinity gradient in the Contaco Estuary, southeastern Pacific, Chile. The primary aim was to evaluate the applicability of key ecological paradigms—Rapoport’s rule, the mid-domain effect, ecotones, and source-sink dynamics—to unicellular eukaryotes in estuarine environments. A 1,550 m longitudinal transect, sampled at 50 m intervals, revealed a pronounced salinity-driven pattern in species richness and diversity, with calcareous taxa dominating euhaline zones and agglutinated taxa thriving in brackish and freshwater areas. Source-sink dynamics was not supported, as beta diversity analyses identified turnover as the dominant driver, highlighting species replacement along the salinity gradient. Evidence of a longitudinal Rapoport effect was observed, with broader distribution ranges in low-salinity environments, reflecting adaptations to suboptimal conditions. Contrary to predictions, the mid-domain effect was not supported, as foraminiferal richness showed a monotonic decline. These findings extend macroecological principles to microbial communities, emphasizing deterministic processes in shaping estuarine diversity. This research provides a robust framework for understanding biodiversity patterns in dynamic ecosystems, offering valuable insights for conservation and ecological monitoring.
Hepatoprotective Activity of Nature-Derived Polyphenols Studied by Mass Spectrometry Based Multi-OMICS Approach
Authors: Brzhozovskiy Alexander G. , Semenov Savva D. , Zherebker Alexander Y. , Bugrova Anna E. , Yurova Maria N , Zhernov Yuri V. , Kovaleva Oxana A. , Abroskin Dmitry P. , Kruglov Stepan S. , Fedoros Elena I. , Kononikhin Alexey S. , Nikolaev Evgeniy N.
Published: December 2024

The aim of this study was to examine the hepatoprotective activity of multicomponent mixtures of natural origin in the BALB/C mice model with subacute liver failure (SALF) induced by the administration of toxin carbon tetrachloride (CCl4). The hepatoprotective activity of activated hydrolytic lignin (BP-Cx-1), humic acid peloids (HA) and isoflavones from kudzu, Pueraria lobata (IFL) roots was evaluated using mass spectrometry based omics technologies. MASS SPECTROMETRY BASED multi-OMICS analysis revealed new insight on the molecular mechanism of the hepatoprotective activity of multicomponent mixtures of natural origin. The significant differences were observed in proteome and metabolome profiles of urine and liver of BALB/c mice with SALF between control group with CCl4 administration, intact control, and groups receiving potential hepatoprotectors of natural origin (BP-Cx-1, HA, IFL). Proteomic and metabolomics analysis demonstrated that among samples IFL possessed the highest hepatoprotective potential, which correlated well with the relative effectiveness of the drugs recorded during in vitro studies. The results correlate with the relative effectiveness of the drugs recorded in previous in vitro and in vivo studies. Leading IFL activity may be attributed to a higher content of active polyphenolic components compared to heterogeneous HA and BP-Cx-1. Enrichment with active components by fractionation is a direction, which can be explored for developing hetepoprotective agent based on natural complex polyphenols
An Efficient Photocatalytic Material rGO-TiO₂ that can be Industrially Produced: Fabrication and Structural Characterization
Authors: Xiong Nan , Guo Yansen , Nie Yanyan , Yao Yuqing , Ying Zhemian , Zhang Wei , Liu Renduo , Wu Xiaoling , Zhou He , Zhou Limin , Wang Ying , He Jian , Yan Long
Published: December 2024

As a well-known photocatalyst, TiO₂, still suffers from rapid electron-hole recombination and limited visible light absorption. To overcome these challenges, the combination of graphene and TiO₂ has been proposed. However, traditional methods such as ball milling and hydrothermal synthesis face limitations, including high energy consumption and complex procedures. Here, we developed a simple and industrially feasible method to prepare reduced graphene oxide (rGO) coated TiO₂ nanoparticles, referred to as rGO-TiO₂ composites. The optimized rGO-TiO₂ composites exhibited enhanced photocatalytic degradation of of Rhodamine B (RhB) under simulated sunlight condition. The effects of pH and NaCl concentration on the degradation efficiency of rGO-TiO₂ were also investigated. Additionally, the key reactive species involved in the degradation process were identified. After characterization, the enhanced photocatalytic activity is ascribed to the introduction of rGO and the generation of surface oxygen vacancies (OV) and Ti³⁺ in TiO₂ crystals.
Exploring Hygiene Behaviours amongst Child Caregivers in Rural Malawi Using Multilevel Logistic Models
Authors: Anusa Collins , Masangwi Salule Joseph , Chidziwisano Kondwani , Morse Tracy
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to explore factors that influence food hygiene behaviours among child caregivers in Chikwawa district, Malawi. It was done so by exploring factors relating to three hygiene behaviours among child caregivers: keeping utensils on an elevated surface, using soap to clean kitchen utensils, and washing hands with soap at critical times. Research has shown that these behaviours contribute to the reduction of diarrheal disease. Through this research, it was as well aimed to explore variations at household and village levels by the use of multilevel binary logic models. The results have revealed that education background, age group, occupation, self-confidence, intervention, self-will, and perception were the most significant behavioural factors relating to food hygiene behaviours. There were variations at village level (p0.1). It has also revealed that Caregivers from the area of intervention had a positive response to the interventions.
Redox-Active, Water-Soluble Low-Weight and Polymer-Based Anolytes Containing Tetrazine Groups: Synthesis and Electrochemical Characterization
Authors: Kozhunova Elena Yu. , Sentyurin Vyacheslav V. , Inozemtseva Alina I. , Nikolenko Anatoly D. , Khokhlov Alexey R. , Magdesieva Tatiana V.
Published: December 2024

Polymer-based aqueous redox flow batteries (RFBs) are attracting increasing attention as a promising next-generation energy storage technology due to their potential for low cost and environmental friendliness. The search for new redox-active organic compounds for incorporation into polymer materials is ongoing, with anolyte-type compounds in high demand. In response to this need, we have synthesized and tested a range of new water-soluble redox-active s-tetrazine derivatives, including both low molecular weight compounds and polymers with different architectures. S-tetrazines are some of the smallest organic molecules that can undergo a reversible two-electron reduction in protic media, making them a promising candidate for anolyte applications. We have successfully modified linear polyacrylic acid and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylic acid) microgels with pendent 1,2,4,5-tetrazine groups. Electrochemical testing has shown that the new tetrazine-containing monomers, and importantly, the water-soluble redox polymers, both linear and microgel, demonstrate chemical reversibility of the reduction process in an aqueous solution containing acetate buffer. This expands the range of water-soluble anodic materials suitable for water-based organic RFBs. The reduction potential value can be adjusted by changing the substituents in the tetrazine core. It is also worth noting that the choice of electrode material plays an important role in the kinetics of the tetrazine reaction: the use of carbon electrodes is particularly beneficial.
Explosive Moon Origin above a Large Low-Velocity Province
Authors: Edwards Matthew R.
Published: December 2024

Two outstanding problems in the early evolution of the Earth concern the origins of the Moon and of the two large low-velocity provinces sitting on the core-mantle boundary. Evidence from moon rocks indicates that the geochemical compositions of the Moon and the Earth’s silicate mantle are nearly identical. This is difficult to explain with the giant impact hypothesis, but compatible with the older theory that the Moon arose by fission from a rapidly spinning Earth. To overcome problems with angular momentum in the fission model, it was recently proposed that the Moon separation was assisted by a large nuclear explosion occurring near the core-mantle boundary. It is unclear, however, whether such a ‘deep georeactor’ ever existed. Here we draw attention to an alternative energy source and mechanism for the Moon ejection. Theoretical and observational evidence suggests that all bodies generate internal heat at the rate –UH0, where U is the internal gravitational potential energy and H0 is the Hubble constant. With this process, the hottest region in the proto-Earth would have been the outer core. In our model, solar tides acting on the liquid outer core focused this energy in two equatorial bulges on the core-mantle boundary, which were the precursors of the two large low-velocity provinces. Prior to the existence of convective plate tectonics and deep mantle plumes, this heat would have been trapped in these structures by the overlying mantle. Over a period of 107–108 years, temperatures and pressures steadily rose inside of them until one exploded, launching the overlying proto-lunar materials into a low orbit. The Moon expulsion is suggested to have then catalyzed a series of volcanic events shaping the Earth’s geology and life, including the origin of plate tectonics and the formation of the large igneous provinces.
Analysis of Ageing in Spain. Contemporary Sociological and Demographic Implications
Authors: Pérez Fructuoso María José , García Revilla Raquel , Martinez Moure Olga , Moure Ramiro Cea
Published: December 2024

Ageing, as a phenomenon of profound social significance, has important repercussions. In this work, focused on Spain, the indicators of ageing and population structure are analyzed. This base for demographic analysis is later useful for preparing a sociological essay on the most pressing challenges facing Spanish society, with regard to population ageing. The methodology used, as is usual in the framework of the Social Sciences, involves a combination of the quantitative and qualitative approach. Specifically, from the eminently quantitative perspective, the important methodological shift of the 2021 Population and Housing Census has been taken into account. It also considers how the Statistics on Migrations and Changes of Residence emerge with the aim of measuring the migratory phenomenon between two consecutive censuses, a phenomenon, also, of great social significance in our country. The work culminates with a brief sociological interpretation of the challenges facing Spanish society, as a consequence of the population dynamics studied.