bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characteristics of Hybrid Surface Plasmon Polaritons at a Chiral Graphene Metal Interface in Cylindrical Waveguides
Authors: Saeed Mariam , ghaffar abdul , Alkanhal Majeed A. S. , Khan Yasin
Published: March 2021

A detailed theoretical analysis of the hybrid surface plasmon mode generation and propagation at a chiral graphene metal (CGM) interface for a cylindrical structure is presented. The conductivity of graphene is modeled using the Kubo formalism and the dispersion relation for the hybrid surface waves is computed on the basis of the Kubo formalism and impedance matching boundary conditions. The hybrid mode consisting of lower and upper plasmon modes is witnessed due to the presence of the chiral medium. The frequency band gap between the lower and upper plasmon modes is found to be sensitive and tunable with respect to the chiral strength, radial distance of the waveguide, and chemical potential of graphene. The propagation length and effective refractive index can also be modulated by varying the chiral strength and chemical potential. For very high values of chirality and biasing voltage, the Goos–Hänchen effect is observed at the CGM interface. The cutoff values of chiral strength as a function of normalized frequency make the proposed structure applicable for chiroptical and chemical sensing and enantiomeric detection in the THz frequency regime.
Significance of N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide as a Diagnostic Tool for Premature Ventricular Contractions in Patients with Preserved Left Ventricular Function"
Authors: Ambreen Shazadi , khan Humaira Fayyaz , Hayat Azmat , Ali Shazia
Published: March 2021

ObjectiveThe study was aimed to evaluate the levels of NT-proBNP in mild, moderate and frequent ventricular ectopic burden in patients with preserved left ventricular function.Material and methodsA case control study was conducted in Islamic International Medical College (IIMC) in collaboration with Armed Forces Institute of Cardiology (AFIC) after approval from ethical review committee (ERC) of Riphah University (Ref #Riphah/IIMC/ERC/17/0230). It comprised of 120 Premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) patients with 40 patients in each group of mild (<10%), moderate (10-20%) and frequent (>20%) PVCs burden. 40 healthy subjects with no PVCs were taken as a control group. NT-proBNP levels were measured in all groups and statistical analysis was done by applying ANOVA and Pearson correlation tests to evaluate its association with PVCs burdenResultsNT-proBNP levels were found to be raised in all PVCs burden of <10%, 10-20% and >20% as compare to control group with p value of 0.039, 0.02 and 0.009 respectively. p value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Symptomatic and asymptomatic patients show higher NT-proBNP levels as compared to control group with p-value of .002 and .04.Conclusion It is concluded that NT-proBNP levels are raised in patients of PVCs. This finding can be helpful for diagnostic purposes of PVCs.
Risk Factors for Perineal Tears Among Women Delivering at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Uganda: A Case Control Study
Authors: Mathias Gwazo , Kafunjo Barageine Justus , Lawrence Kazibwe
Published: March 2021

Background: Perineal tear is a common complication of vaginal delivery with a significant negative impact on the quality of life. The condition commonly occurs among un-attended deliveries or those conducted by unskilled birth attendant especially in low-resource settings. The risk factors for perineal tear were not known at Kawempe Hospital. We conducted this study to determine the risk factors for perineal tear among women delivering at Kawempe National Referral Hospital, Uganda. Methods: This was a case control study that was conducted among women who had vaginal delivery at Kawempe National Referral Hospital from 20th December 2019 to 5th February 2020. Data on sociodemographic, maternal, fetal and provider characteristics were collected using an interviewer’s administered questionnaire. Risk factors were determined using bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: The risk factors for perineal tear were: maternal age of ≥20 years (AOR=7.24, 95% CI=2.28- 23.00, P<0.001), delivery by assistant nursing officer (AOR=16.39, 95% CI=5.74-46.81, p <0.001), primiparity (AOR=12.46, 95% CI,=3.41-45.52, P<0.001), single marital status (AOR=14.39 95%, CI=4.28-48.39, P<0.001), precipitate labour (AOR=7.8, 95% CI=2.21-27.55, P< 0.001), assisted vaginal delivery (AOR= 8.33, 95% CI=1.43-48.6, P<0.019), fetal weight ≥ 3.5Kg (AOR=2.19, 95% CI= 1.06- 4.53, P<0.033), duration of active first stage of labour ≥8 hours (AOR=12.65, 95% CI=5.65-28.25, P<0.001) and duration of second stage of labour > 1hour (AOR=10.21 95% CI=3.32-31.41, P<0.001). Conclusions. The risk factors for perineal tear during vaginal delivery at Kawempe National Referral Hospital were: maternal age ≥ 20 years, delivery by assistant nursing officer, primiparity, single marital status, precipitate labour, assisted vaginal delivery, fetal weight ≥ 3.5kg, duration of active first stage of labour ≥8 hours, duration of second stage of labour≥1hours.
Psychosomatic Health Status of Pharmacy Staff During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Liu Qingfei , Sun Yue , Yuan Yucheng , Wu Zhen , Jiang Wenhao , Yuan Yonggui
Published: March 2021

Background: Few studies have been conducted on psychosomatic health status of pharmacy staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to investigate the incidence and influence factors of psychosomatic syndrome of pharmacy staff during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A total of 10721 pharmacy staff received online investigation through a period of 22 days from February 24th to March 16th 2019. The investigation included the self-designed general situation questionnaire and Psychosomatic Symptoms Scale (PSSS), and 9118 participants provided valid questionnaire feedback. ANOVA was used to evaluate significant differences of psychosomatic syndromes in different subgroups. Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis was used to determine the main risk factors of psychosomatic syndrome.Results: During the outbreak of COVID-19, the total incidence of psychosomatic syndrome was 21.7% in the pharmacy staff. The most common psychosomatic symptoms were sleep problems (dyscoimesis) and mood problems (irritability). Age was the most important risk factor of the observed psychosomatic syndromes and somatic symptoms, and education was identified affecting mostly psychological symptoms.Conclusion: During the period of COVID-19, the psychosomatic problems of pharmacy staff were prominent. Age and educational background should be taken into account of potential intervention strategy. The relief of mood and sleep will aid the treatment effort.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Patient’s Decision About Bariatric Surgery: Results of a National Survey.
Authors: Walędziak Maciej , Różańska-Walędziak Anna , Bartnik Paweł , Kacperczyk-Bartnik Joanna , Kwiatkowski Andrzej , Janik Michał , Kowalewski Piotr , Major Piotr
Published: March 2021

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic and the implemented restrictions have changed the functioning of healthcare systems worldwide. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the impact of the present epidemiological situation on their decisions about undergoing weight loss surgery.MethodsData was collected with a national online survey from 906 bariatric patients.Results In spite of the pandemic and the associated risk of developing COVID-19, 443 responders (48.9%) would decide to undergo bariatric surgery in the current situation. Awareness of negative impact of obesity on the COVID-19 treatment had only marginable impact on decision making (76.59% vs 75.26%; p<0.80). Responders who had contact with people potentially infected with COVID-19 would prefer not to undergo surgery at the moment (3.02% vs 4.40%; p<0.55). There was a positive correlation between the BMI and the willingness for bariatric surgery (37.43±9.06 vs 34.93±8.67; p<0.001).ConclusionThe level of consciousness about the advantages of operative treatment is high among bariatric patients. Therefore, a large proportion of patients is determined to have bariatric treatment even during the pandemic, being aware of the increased risk of worse pace of COVID-19 disease in case of obesity and related diseases.
Diagnosis, Management and Outcomes of Intestinal Obstruction at an Urban Tertiary Hospital in Sub Saharan Africa: a Cross-Sectional Study.
Authors: Nakanwagi Arlene Muzira , Kijjambu Stephen C , Luggya Tonny Stone
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Intestinal Obstruction (IO) is among the commonest causes of acute abdomen worldwide and globally it remains a challenge because it is a major cause of morbidity and surgical financial expenditure. Clinically it presents with nausea, vomiting, colicky abdominal pain and cessation of bowel movements or passage flatus and stool. Diagnosis can be clinical but is confirmed usually by radiologic imaging. We studied the current diagnosis, management and outcomes of IO in Mulago HospitalMATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a Prospective Descriptive Study in all the surgical units of Mulago from January to May 2014. Ethical approval was got in line with Helsinki declaration and then a pretested and validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Informed consent was got with eligible and consenting/assenting patients recruited among those patients of all ages and sex presenting with suspected Intestinal Obstruction. Uni-variate and bi-variate of the variables plus measurements of associations were done.RESULTS: We enrolled 135 patients, excluded 25 and recruited 110 patient with more males than females i.e. 71.8% males and 28.2% females. Colicky abdominal pain, abdominal distension, and vomiting were the 3 commonest symptoms with abdominal distension, increased bowel sounds and abdominal tenderness as commonest signs. Majority of the patients were diagnosed radiologically (51%) and the rest (48.2%) clinically diagnosed accounting. “Dilated bowel loops” was the most frequent radiological sign. Return of bowel sounds occurred within 5 days of the POD, while opening of bowels on average, occurred on the 3rd POD. The mean day of discharge was the 5th POD and 73% of the patients were discharged by the 7th Post-Operative Day. The commonest unfavourable management outcome noted was prolonged hospital stay followed by wound sepsis (Surgical Site Infection) and MortalityCONCLUSION: Majority of the patients were diagnosed radiologically (51%). surgical management was done for 72.7% of the cases and 27.3% conservatively managed. Prolonged hospital stay was the commonest unfavorable outcome of management
Refining Black men’s depression measurement using participatory approaches: a concept mapping study
Authors: Adams Leslie B. , Baxter Samuel , Lightfoot Alexandra , Gottfredson Nisha , Golin Carol , Jackson Leron , Tabron James , Corbie-Smith Giselle , Powell Wizdom
Published: March 2021

Objectives: Despite cumulative socioeconomic disadvantage and risk factors, Black Americans have a lower prevalence of depression than whites. Given the emerging focus of depression as a public mental health crisis, culturally informed depression measures and scale development techniques are needed to better alleviate the mental health burden of socially marginalized populations. Yet, for Black men, race and gender-related factors that position emotional vulnerability as a sign of weakness, may potentially mask the timely identification of mental health needs in this population. Thus, we address these gaps by employing a stakeholder-driven, community-engaged process for understanding the Black men’s depression experience. Methods: We use concept mapping, a structured mixed methods to determine how stakeholders of Black men’s health conceptualize their depressive symptoms. Thirty-six stakeholders participated in a three-phase concept mapping study conducted in 2018. Three separate stakeholder groups were engaged for this study, including Black men, Black women, and primary care providers. Results: Participants generated 68 characteristics of Black men’s depression which were reflected within five conceptual clusters: (1) physical states; (2) emotional states; (3) diminished drive; (4) internal conflicts; (5) communication with others; and (6) social pressures. Using a content analysis approach, we found that items comprising the “social pressures” cluster were not reflected in any common depression scales. Conclusions: Findings from this study illustrate the similar and divergent pathways in which Black men express depressed mood. Furthermore, concept mapping results also yield a novel opportunity for culturally informed scale development in future research.
Identification of Novel Candidate Genes Implicated in Odontogenic Potential in the Developing Mouse Tooth Germ using Transcriptome Analysis
Authors: Shin Yeo-Kyeong , Cheon Seongmin , Kim Sung-Duk , Moon Jung-Sun , Kim Jae-Young , Kim Sun-Hun , Park Chungoo , Kim Min-Seok
Published: March 2021

In tooth bioengineering for replacement therapy of missing teeth, the utilized cells must possess an inductive signal-forming ability to initiate odontogenesis. This ability is called odontogenic potential. In mice, the odontogenic potential signal is known to be translocated from the epithelium to the mesenchyme at the early bud stage in the developing molar tooth germ. However, the identity of the molecular constituents of this process remains unclear. Therefore, in this study, whole transcriptome profiles of the mouse molar tooth germ epithelium and mesenchyme were investigated using the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) technique. The analyzed transcriptomes corresponded to two developmental stages, embryonic day 11.5 (E11.5) and 14.5 (E14.5), which represent the odontogenic potential shifts. We identified differentially expressed genes (DEGs), which were specifically overexpressed in both the E11.5 epithelium and E14.5 mesenchyme, but not expressed in their respective counterparts. Of the fifty-five DEGs identified, the top three most expressed transcription factor genes (transcription factor AP-2 beta isoform 3 [TFAP2B], developing brain homeobox protein 2 [DBX2], and insulin gene enhancer protein ISL-1 [ISL1]) and three tooth development-related genes (transcription factor HES-5 [HES5], platelet-derived growth factor D precursor [PDGFD], semaphrin-3A precursor [SEMA3A]) were selected and validated by quantitative RT-PCR. Using immunofluorescence staining, the TFAP2B protein expression was found to be localized only at the E11.5 epithelium and E14.5 mesenchyme. Thus, our empirical findings in the present study may provide a new perspective into the characterization of the molecules responsible for the odontogenic potential and may have an implication in the cell-based whole tooth regeneration strategy.
Medicinal Plant Composition, Distribution, Usage and Conservation Status in Nole Kaba District, West Wollega, West Ethiopia
Authors: Jima Kebu Balemi , Asfaw Zemede , Demissew Sebsebe , Dalle Gemedo
Published: March 2021

BackgroundMany Ethiopians have practiced and still practice home-based medications using various medicinal plants. This research was aimed to study the composition, distribution, and usage and conservation status of medicinal plants in the Nole Kaba District. MethodsData were gathered through semi-structured interviews, group discussions, and field observations. The analysis employed descriptive statistics and quantitative indices including Factor of Informant Consensus (Fic), Fidelity Level (FL), and Sorenson’s Similarity.ResultsOne hundred sixty-two medicinal plants that belong to 65 families, and 135 genera were documented for use in the treatment of 45 human and 31 animal health problems. The growth forms that comprise high proportions of the medicinal flora were herbs (76, 46.9%) and shrubs (45, 27.8%). Most of the species were distributed in forests and farmlands. Ehretia cymosa (FL = 100%), Pentas schimperiana (FL = 100%), Buddleja polystachya (FL = 100%) Schefflera abyssinica (FL = 100%) and Loxogramme abyssinica (FL = 94%) were among medicinal plants showing high informant consensus. Pairwise comparisons identified the expansion of agriculture, deforestation, and over-grazing as principal threats to most medicinal plants.ConclusionsMedicinal plants showing high informant consensus are recommended for further evaluation of efficacy, safety, and other product quality requirements. Medicinal plants such as Echinops longisetus, Ocimum urticifolium, Pentas schimperiana, Securidaca longepedunculata and Warburgia ugandensis are threatened mainly due to over exploitation. These and other similarly affected species should be given top priority for in-situ and ex-situ conservation jointly by the community, the relevant administrative bodies, and development partners.
Anxiety Amplifies Plasma Oxytocin Levels in Older Individuals with type 2 Diabetes. Findings from the Cross-Sectional KORA-Age Study.
Authors: Johar Hamimatunnisa , Atasoy Seryan , Jiang Linmiao , Bidlingmaier Martin , Kruse Johannes , Ladwig Karl Heinz
Published: March 2021

PurposeBeyond its role in parturition, lactation, and emotion regulation, oxytocin (OXT) plays an important role in metabolism and energy homeostasis, although evidence is still limited. We investigated the association between endogenous OXT levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and whether anxiety may modify its association.MethodsA cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 1006 participants aged 65-93 years (mean=75.9, SD ± 6.6) from the population-based KORA-Age study. Multivariable generalized linear regression analyses were performed to examine the association between non-extracted plasma OXT levels and T2DM with adjustments for potential confounders. ResultsAcross the OXT tertile groups, no substantial differences between sociodemographic, lifestyle, cardiometabolic or psychosocial factors were found except for multimorbidity. The differences between the OXT tertile groups with respect to obesity status were on the borderline of statistical significance (P=0.05). However, a significant statistical interaction between T2DM and anxiety on OXT levels was found (p = 0.03). In T2DM individuals with anxiety, substantially higher plasma OXT levels (Least Squares (LS) mean = 340.82 pg/ml, 95% CI 231.12-502.59) were observed compared to those without anxiety (217.08 pg/ml, 95% CI 190.93 – 247.99) (p=0.02). No significant association between T2DM and OXT levels in individuals without anxiety was found. ConclusionOXT levels were significantly elevated in T2DM subjects, particularly among older individuals with anxiety. The modifying role of anxiety highlights that anxiogenic stimuli may be associated with enhanced OXT signalling, particularly in subjects who suffer from T2DM as a severe pathological feature of dysregulated metabolism.
Cutting Temperature Measurement in Turning of Thermoplastic Composites Using a Tool-Work Thermocouple
Authors: Masek Petr , Zeman Pavel , Kolar Petr
Published: March 2021

Turning of carbon fibre reinforced thermoplastic pipes is used for production of fluid ducts for the aerospace and oil industries. Although thermoplastics are chemically stable, the matrix could be affected by the heat introduced by the machining process. This paper presents how to measure cutting temperature using C/PEEK and C/PA12 material as examples. A suitable method based on a thermocouple circuit and electric conductivity of the carbon fibres is presented, including system calibration. Measurement uncertainties were established for this new method of calibration and measurement for both tested materials. The cutting temperature measurements were analysed by ANOVA and significant factors and its dependence on temperature were identified for further machining process optimization and determination of the predictive model equation. This mathematical cutting temperature model was estimated based on the measurements, and empirical coefficients were identified for selected statistically significant parameters for both composite materials. Because the measured temperatures were above the melting point, the machined surface, chips and structural changes of polymeric matrices were measured in order to prove heat affection.
Prognosis and treatment of 46 Chinese pediatric cystic fibrosis patients
Authors: Chen Qionghua , Shen Yuelin , Xu Hui , Tang Xiaolei , Yang Haiming , Zhao Shunying
Published: March 2021

Background: Since public awareness of cystic fibrosis (CF) has increased, more children have been diagnosed with CF in China. This study aimed to investigate medical and other challenges faced by pediatric CF patients in China.Method: Treatments and treatment outcomes were retrospectively analyzed for 46 pediatric CF patients diagnosed from August 2009 to June 2019.Results: Of 46 pediatric CF study patients, four died (one of pulmonary infection, one of severe respiratory failure, two of unknown causes) and five were lost to follow-up. Thirty-seven patients were monitored for 0.03 to 9.21 years; patients exhibited fewer attacks of respiratory tract infections after diagnosis (4.49 ± 2.13 episodes/year before diagnosis VS 1.97 ± 1.87 times/year after 1-year treatment, p < 0.05), significantly reduced sputum production and experienced 1.62 ± 1.71 exacerbations/year. Patient mean body mass index was 16.87 ± 3.53 and pancreatic malfunction persisted in 15 patients. Of the 28 children older than 6 years of age, 17 received lung function tests during follow-up; no significant differences were observed between lung function at follow-up and at diagnosis (FEV1: 82.45% ± 16.56% vs 75.26% ± 22.34%, FVC: 87.18% ± 13.64% vs 86.99% ± 19.95%, FEF75%: 46.51% ± 28.78% vs 36.63% ± 24.30%, P = 0.27, 0.97, 0.20, respectively). In 27 cases with sputum results at follow-up, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was detected in 17 (62.97%), persisted in 14, newly emerged in 3 and was eliminated in 5 cases. Computed tomography lung scans of 22 cases revealed increased bronchiectasis in 6 cases after 2-60 months of treatment, decreased bronchiectasis in 3 cases after 2-96 months of treatment and unchanged bronchiectasis in 13 cases treated for 5-60 months. Twenty-four patients complied with aerosolized therapy, azithromycin, pancreatic enzymes and nutritional intake-based treatments, while 9 patients once stopped aerosolized therapy or azithromycin and 4 patients stopped all medications. Overall, azithromycin and tobramycin treatments were administered for 0.5-62 months and 0.5-48 months, respectively, and triggered no obvious adverse reactions. Conclusion: No obvious deterioration of clinical presentation or lung function were found in Chinese pediatric CF patients after receiving standard therapeutic and active treatments, although malnutrition and low compliance were persistent challenges.
Newly admitted nursing students’ viewpoints of training and the nursing profession
Authors: Rudberg Susanne Lundell , Westerbotn Margareta , Scheja Max , Lachmann Hanna
Published: March 2021

Background: Students’ reasons for choosing nursing and their expectations of education and future career might have an impact on how they manage their studies. During upcoming training, the students need to acquire certain skills and competencies to become professional nurses able to handle complex situations. Therefore, it is of interest to understand students’ perceptions of upcoming education and their ideas about future occupation. This study aimed to investigate newly admitted nursing students’ viewpoints about training to become a professional nurse.Methods: A descriptive cohort study was designed using interviews and questionnaires undertaken at one university in Stockholm, Sweden August 2015 to June 2017. All students starting the program were invited to participate. Qualitative and quantitative data were collected by using individual interviews (n=126) and questionnaires (n=158). Content analysis of the transcribed interviews was used to identify a theme. Sample percentages, mean score and standard deviation were calculated for data from questionnaires using descriptive statistics.Results: Seven main categories were identified, 1. Nursing as role model, 2. Self-confidence in a new environment, 3. Develop nursing attitudes and skills, 4. Opportunities to impact the future, 5. Stimulating hands-on teamwork, 6. Don´t manage the task, 7. Surrounding factors prohibiting success. Additionally, students generally rated higher for positive emotions, and lower for negative on a 7 graded Likert scale. The finding indicated that the newly admitted nursing students in general had a strong intrinsic social orientation to learning.Conclusion: As findings suggests, students put faith in their own ability and want to make a difference by altruistic reasons when entering the training. It is essential for educators to gain a deeper understanding of the visions of newly admitted students to nurture and empower their enthusiasm during training.
The Longitudinal Associations Between Change in Physical Activity and Cognitive Functioning in Older Adults With Chronic Illness(es)
Authors: Volders Esmee , Groot Renate H.M. , Bolman Catherine A.W. , Lechner Lilian
Published: March 2021

Background Regular physical activity (PA) is potentially beneficial for age-related cognitive decline. Although moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) is mostly advised, older adults with chronic illnesses (OACI) might benefit more from light physical activity (LPA), as they suffer from mobility problems, pain and fatigue, limiting high intensity PA. Therefore, the longitudinal association between change in respectively LPA and MVPA on the one hand and the change in cognitive functioning (CF) on the other hand is investigated in OACI.Methods In total 432 OACI (≥65 years) with at least one chronic illness participated in this longitudinal observational study. Longitudinal associations between accelerometer assessed change in PA (LPA and MVPA) and change in CF, measured with an objective validated neuropsychological test battery were tested with multivariate linear regressions.Results An increase in LPA between baseline and six months follow-up was significantly associated with improved short-term verbal memory and inhibition over the first six months. In addition, the change score in LPA over the first six months was predictive for the change score in short-term verbal memory over 12 months. Furthermore, an increase in MVPA between baseline and six months follow-up was significantly associated with a decrease in longer-term verbal memory scores over the same six month period. Conclusions Increase in LPA over the first six months is associated with better short-term verbal memory scores over the same period and this is extended to better short-term verbal memory scores over the whole year. Increase in LPA over the first six months is also associated with better inhibition scores over the same period, however this doesn’t seem to extend to the long run (i.e change in inhibition in 12 months). Remarkably, an increase in MVPA over the first six months was associated with a decrease in longer-term verbal memory scores over the same six month period. Thus, for OACI who experience issues with being sufficiently active this seems good news as LPA is more achievable for them to improve CF than MVPA. Trial Registration Netherlands Trial Register NL6005; Date of Registration 21-03-2017; https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/6005
MicroRNA-30a-5p-Mediated Autophagy Regulates Formation of Foam Cells from THP-1-derived Macrophages
Authors: Geng Chunhui , Wang Chao , Su Guangming , Wang Shengjiao , Li Jiashan , Liu Dan , Guan Xiuru
Published: March 2021

MicroRNAs are widely considered to be involved in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. Whereas the importance of miR-30a-5p as a tumor growth-promoting factor has been extensively studied, the relationship between this particular microRNA and atherosclerosis remains to be clarified. In this study, the role of miR-30a-5p in the formation of foam cells from THP-1-derived macrophages was investigated. It was found that miR-30a-5p could robustly regulate the pathological process of atherosclerosis by inhibiting autophagy and increasing the accumulation of lipids, the expression of inflammatory factors, and the apoptosis of macrophages. These results provide guidance for future assessments of the progression of atherosclerosis and for the development of intervention targets for the treatment of this disease.
A generalised approach on kerf geometry prediction during CO2 laser cut of PMMA thin plates using neural networks
Authors: Kechagias John Dimitrios , Ninikas Konstantinos , Stavropoulos Panagiotis , Salonitis Konstantinos
Published: March 2021

This study presents an application of feedforward and backpropagation neural network (FFBP-NN) for predicting the kerf characteristics, i.e. the kerf width in three different distances from the surface (upper, middle and down) and kerf angle during laser cutting of PMMA thin plates. Stand-off distance, cutting speed and beam power are the studied parameters for the case of low power CO2 laser cutting. A three-parameter three-level full factorial array has been used and twenty-seven (33) cuts were performed. Subsequently, the kerf width and angle were measured and analysed through ANOM, ANOVA and interaction plots. The statistical analysis highlighted that linear modeling is insufficient for the precise prediction of kerf characteristics. A FFBP-NN was developed, trained, validated and generalised for the accurate prediction of the kerf geometry. The FFBP-NN achieved an R-sq value of 0.98, in contrast to the ANOVA linear models which achieved a value of about 0.90.
Verrucae pedis in children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis and other paediatric rheumatic diseases: a cross-sectional study.
Authors: Ferrari Jill
Published: March 2021

Background
Verrucae pedis (VPs) are a common viral infection of the skin seen in children. There are limited studies of the prevalence, duration and impact of VPs in children who are immunosuppressed. The studies available suggest that, in these children, the warts are more widespread and are more long-standing. The primary aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of VPs in children attending rheumatology clinics who may have some degree of immunosuppression due to their prescribed medication and compare this to the reported prevalence in the healthy population.
Method
Children attending out-patient rheumatology appointments who had a paediatric rheumatology consultant named as the lead clinician, were recruited. The young people were aged between four and 17 years old. A visual inspection of both feet was used to identify potential VPs. Diagnosis of a VP was confirmed on observation of the typical clinical features of a VP. The location, duration of presence, previous treatments, presence of VPs in other family members and psychological impact was recorded.
Results
A total of 71 children were included. Of the group, 55 children had no VPs present, 16 children had one or more VPs. The prevalence of VPs was 22.5%. Medication impacting on the immune system was prescribed in 80% of the group. There appeared to be no greater chance of having VPs if taking immunosuppressive medication than compared to having no medication (OR = 1.1, 95%CI 0.26 to 4.48, p = 0.46). Children with VPs tended to be 9 years old or older with few children in the older age range (13–17 yrs) having VPs suggesting that most VPs do resolve by the teenage years. In total, 37.5% of the young people with VPs had lesions that had been present for 24 months or more. Two-thirds of the subjects were not concerned about VPs being present and most subjects with a VP did not know what it was, but despite this the majority of subjects (81%) had sought treatment for the VPs.
Conclusion
Children with JIA and other rheumatic conditions have no greater prevalence of VPs compared to the general population. The VPs present were of a similar clinical type and did not seem to be more widespread or unusual as has been reported in other immunocompromised populations. The percentage of lesions remaining beyond 24 months was found to be slightly greater than has been reported in other healthy populations. The children in this study seemed to be less concerned psychologically about their VPs, despite this most families had sought treatment for the verrucae.
Preoperative B-Scan Ultrasonography Versus Postoperative Fundoscopy Among Mature And Hypermature Cataract In Diabetic Patients
Authors: Kavinamoole Shruthi , Venugopal Kavitha Chikkanayakanahalli , Acharya Pavana Krishnaraj , Mundinamani Spoorti
Published: March 2021

Purpose:1. To evaluate posterior segment of diabetic patient with dense cataract preoperatively using B-scan ultrasonography.2. To find the efficacy of B-scan ultrasonography in evaluating posterior segment by comparing B-scan findings with that of the post-operative fundoscopy.Design:A hospital based prospective observational study conducted in 202 diabetics with dense cataract, at HIMS during December2017 to May2019. Patients with ocular trauma, corneal pathology, uveitis, glaucoma, intraop complications like posterior capsular rent, iris prolapse, iridodialysis, capsular dialysis and complicated cataract like pathological myopia, retinitis pigmentosa were excluded from the study. Preoperative B-scan ultrasonography performed to evaluate posterior segment. They underwent manual SICS with PCIOL implantation under PBB. Postoperatively followed up at 1 week, vision and dilated fundoscopy to evaluate posterior segment. Fundoscopy was compared with preoperative B-scan report and the efficacy of B-scan was analyzed.Results:Among 202 eyes, B-scan in 129 (63.9%) normal, 24.8% had age related vitreous changes, only 11.3% of the patients had Proliferative diabetic Retinopathy. Among the patients with normal B-scan, postoperative fundoscopy was normal in 75.2% patients and DR changes and macular edema in 24.8% of the patients with normal B-scan.Conclusion:B-scan is effective in evaluating posterior segment and helps in providing visual prognosis. Though B-scan is helps in assessing the approximate visual prognosis, DR changes and macular edema in 24.8% of the patients with normal B-scan which could be the cause for low vision postoperatively. Thus, guarded visual prognosis has to be explained to all the diabetic patients with dense cataracts preoperatively.
Inhibition of 2-Arachidonoylglycerol Metabolism Alleviates Neuropathology and Improves Cognitive Function in a Tau Mouse Model of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Hashem Jack , Hu Mei , Zhang Jian , Gao Fei , Chen Chu
Published: March 2021

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia, which affects more than 5 million individuals in the United States. Unfortunately, no effective therapies are currently available to prevent development of AD or to halt progression of the disease. It has been proposed that monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the key enzyme degrading the endocannabinoid 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) in the brain, is a therapeutic target for AD based on the studies using the APP transgenic models of AD. While inhibition of 2-AG metabolism mitigates b-amyloid (Aβ) neuropathology, it is still not clear whether inactivation of MAGL alleviates tauopathies as accumulation and deposition of intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau protein are the neuropathological hallmark of AD. Here we show that JZL184, a potent MAGL inhibitor, significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, astrogliosis, phosphorylated tau, and GSK3b in P301S/PS19 mice, a tau mouse model of AD. Importantly, Tau transgenic mice treated with JZL184 displayed improvements in spatial learning and memory retention. In addition, inactivation of MAGL ameliorates deteriorations in expression of synaptic proteins in P301S/PS19 mice. Our results provide further evidence that MAGL is a promising therapeutic target for AD.
Kinetic Study of Liquid Lipase-catalyzed Glycerolysis From Olive Oil Using Lipozyme TL 100L
Authors: Oliveira José Vladimir , Finco George F. , Fiametti Karina G. , Silva Edson A. da , Palú Fernando , Wancura João H. C. , Valério Alexsandra
Published: March 2021

Monoacylglycerol (MAG) and diacylglycerol (DAG) are two natural components found in most edible oils and fats. Conventional synthesis of MAG and DAG is usually conducted by glycerolysis of triacylglycerol (TAG) at high temperatures (above 200 °C) in the presence of an alkaline catalyst. In this work, the synthesis of MAG and DAG using enzymatic glycerolysis of olive oil was investigated using Tween 80 as surfactant, n-butanol as co-surfactant and the novel lipase in liquid formulation Lipozyme TL 100L as catalyst. Experimental design was used to evaluate the effect of enzyme load and reaction temperature on the feedstock conversion. Enzyme load and system temperature were significant variables in the statistical design and the best condition was found at 35 °C, 7.5 vol% of Lipozyme TL 100 and 2:1 molar ratio (glycerolysis:oil) with conversion of TAG at approximately 98 % after 2 h of process. A mathematical model based on the Ping-Pong Bi-Bi mechanism was used to describe the reaction kinetics. The model adequately described the behavior of the system and can be a useful tool for the design of reactors in larger scales.
A Statistical Framework to Identify Cell Types Whose Genetically Regulated Proportions are Associated with Complex Diseases
Authors: Zhao Hongyu , Liu Wei , Deng Wenxuan , Chen Ming , Dong Zihan , Zhu Biqing , Yu Zhaolong , Tang Daiwei , Sauler Maor , Wain Louise , Cho Michael , Kaminski Naftali
Published: March 2021

Finding disease-relevant tissues and cell types can facilitate the identification and investigation of functional genes and variants. In particular, cell type proportions can serve as potential disease predictive biomarkers. Here, we introduce a novel statistical framework, cell-type Wide Association Study (cWAS), that integrates genetic data with transcriptomics data to identify cell types whose genetically regulated proportions (GRPs) are disease/trait-associated. On simulated and real GWAS data, cWAS showed substantial statistical power with newly identified significant GRP associations in disease-associated tissues. More specifically, GRPs of endothelial and myofibroblast in the lung tissue were associated with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, respectively. For breast cancer, the GRP of blood CD8+ T cells was negatively associated with breast cancer (BC) risk as well as survival. Overall, cWAS is a powerful tool to reveal cell types associated with complex diseases mediated by GRPs.
A New Treatment-Oriented Classification and Treatment Algorithm for Comminuted Mandibular Fractures
Authors: Xu Xiaofeng , Zhu Fangxing , Wang Fawen , Liao Qian , Zhang Wenbin , Xu Bing , Shi Jun
Published: March 2021

This study aimed at proposing a new treatment-oriented classification and treatment algorithm of comminuted mandibular fractures which has a guidance effect on choosing management methods. Patients with comminuted mandibular fractures were retrospectively reviewed in the study and all the patients were classified as follows: Type I: mandibular morphology is sound without bone defect and treated conservatively with intermaxillary fixation (IMF); Type II: mandibular morphology is damaged while the degree of comminution is low and treated by open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with miniplates; Type III: mandibular morphology is also damaged, but with a higher comminution degree and mass of comminuted. The occlusal relationship can be effectively regained by IMF and was done in the primary debridement. 7-10 days after that, ORIF with titanium meshes was performed in the staged operation; Type IV: comparing to the type III fracture, the occlusal relationship is unable to be regained only by IMF and reconstruction plates were used in ORIF; Type V: the occlusal relationship and mandibular morphology are both damaged with segmental bone defect and mandibular continuity losing and bone flap transplantation was performed for reconstruction; 75 patients were included in the study. Type II fractures are the most common type, followed by type III fractures. 44 of the patients were treated according to the classification and algorithm, and 2 patients of type I and IV manifested infection, 1 patient of type III showed malocclusion in the group of patients who were managed according to our treatment algorithm. Of those who were not in the treatment algorithm, 2 patients of type II and 2 of type III manifested infection, 2 patients of type 3 manifested bone un-union, 2 patients of type II and IV displayed malocclusion and 1 patient of type IV showed mandibular asymmetry. The results of this study suggest the treatment-oriented classification and algorithm for comminuted mandibular fractures has a certain guiding effect on the choice of treatment methods and is able to decrease the complication rate.
Motion Blur Invariant for Estimating Motion Parameters of Medical Ultrasound Images
Authors: Asli Barmak Honarvar Shakibaei , Zhao Yifan , Erkoyuncu John Ahmet
Published: March 2021

The quality of fetal ultrasound images is significantly affected by motion blur while the imaging system requires low motionquality to capture accurate data. This can be achieved with a mathematical model of motion blur in time or frequency domain.We propose a new model of linear motion blur in both frequency and moment domain to analyze the invariant features of blurconvolution for ultrasound images. Moreover, the model also helps to provide an estimation of motion parameters for blurlength and angle. These outcomes might imply great potential of this invariant method in ultrasound imaging application.
The Prevalence of Endoparasites in Slovakian Household Dogs and Cats
Authors: Šmigová Júlia , Papajová Ingrid , Šoltys Jindřich , Pipiková Jana , Šmiga Ľubomír , Šnábel Viliam , Takáčová Jana , Takáč Ladislav
Published: March 2021

Pets play a pivotal role as definitive or reservoir hosts for many zoonotic parasites. Dogs and cats without any clinical signs may be a carrier for the infection. In a one-year-study, collected fecal samples of 257 dogs and 50 cats were examined coproscopically for the endoparasite infections. Out of 307 investigated fecal samples 107 (34.9%) were positive for the presence of the propagative stages of endoparasites. In 257 of dogs fecal samples, 12 different species of endoparasites were detected: Giardia spp., Cystoisopsora spp., Sarcocystis spp., Hammondia/Neospora-like, Angiostrongylus vasorum, Capillaria aerophila, Crenosoma vulpis, Toxocara canis, Toxascaris leonina, Trichuris vulpis, Strongyloides stercoralis and eggs from the family Ancylostomatidae. Only 4 different parasitic species were found in 50 domestic cats’ fecal samples - Giardia spp., Cystoisopsora spp., T. cati and larvae of Aelurostrongylus abstrusus. It was confirmed that a significant differences were found in relation to age for Giardia spp., T. canis, S. stercoralis and family Ancylostomatidae. Close and frequent contact between younger pets and people increases the risks for the transmission of zoonotic diseases.
Hypovitaminosis D in Migrant Children in Switzerland: a Retrospective Study
Authors: Fahrni Olivia , Wilhelm-Bals Alexandra , Posfay-Barbe Klara M. , Wagner Noémie
Published: March 2021

Cholecalciferol (vitamin D3) is essentially known for its part in the phospho-calcic metabolism and associated pathologies, such as rickets. In Switzerland, 40 to 50% of children are vitamin D deficient. Due to skin colour, poor nutrition, living condition and cultural practices, migrant population is particularly at risk. Our aim is to attest the vitamin D status of the children arriving in Switzerland and compare the cost-effectiveness of two supplementation strategies. We retrospectively assessed 528 children’s vitamin D status and parathyroid hormone, phosphates and calcium levels between 2015 and 2018 by electrochemiluminescence and spectrophotometry. Cholecalciferol was considered insufficient under 50 nmol/L and severely deficient below 25 nmol/L. Supplementation strategies’ costs were based on local prices. Seventy-three percent of children showed hypovitaminosis D and 28% had a severe deficit. Highest prevalence of deficit was found in children from Eastern Mediterranean (80%) and African regions (75%). Severe deficit was highest in the South East Asian (39%) and Eastern Mediterranean regions (33%) and higher in females than males. Deficit was predominant and more severe in winter. Hypovitaminosis increased with age. 0.4% of children presented with biological rickets. The most cost-effective supplementation strategy was to systematically supplement all children at arrival and in winter, reducing costs by 25% compared to vitamin D level-based supplementation. Conclusion: A majority of migrant children presented with hypovitaminosis D. They must be supplemented to prevent complications. A cost-effective strategy could be to supplement all children at arrival and during wintertime without systematic vitamin D level check.
The Danish Translation of the Medicines-related Quality of Life (MRQoL) Scale From the Patient Perspective
Authors: Rinder Ina Vierø , Lech Laura Victoria Jedig , Almarsdóttir Anna Birna
Published: March 2021

BACKGROUND: Pharmacist interventions (PIs) have shown varying effect on Health-Related Quality of Life (HRQoL). However, the instruments used to measure HRQoL also lack sensitivity in detecting the effect in relation to PIs. In 2017 the Medicines-Related Quality of Life (MRQoL) scale was translated from Chinese into Danish, but the Danish MRQoL scale showed marked ceiling effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Danish MRQoL scale from a patient perspective using cognitive interviewing.SETTING: Polypharmacy patients in the capital region of Denmark.METHODS: Semi-structured cognitive interviews with patients (≥18 years) taking ≥5 medicines regularly were conducted. A purposive sampling strategy was applied recruiting from different locations in the Greater Copenhagen Area. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analysed thematically. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Patients’ thought processes when responding to the Danish MRQoL scale.RESULTS: Eight patients were interviewed. Two major themes emerged from the interviews: The role of the medicines in everyday life and Understanding and filling in the scale. The latter theme consisted of three sub-themes: Interpretations of the items, Recall period and Interpretation and use of scale possibilities. The patients did not think about their medicines when answering the scale Several items were interpreted differently by the patients and they used different recall periods. Some patients used the scale possibilities incorrectly, either by overstating or understating their answers, or simply to create variation in responses. CONCLUSION: Several reliability and validity issues where identified based on the interviews and further research is needed to develop more reliable and valid measurement tools to detect the effect of PIs on HRQoL.
Understanding PM2.5-O3 co-pollution from Atmospheric Nitrogen Cycling perspective
Authors: Wang Feng , Yu Haofei , Zhang Zhongcheng , Wang Zhenyu , Shi Guoliang , Wang Weichao , Feng Yinchang , Russell Armistead
Published: March 2021

The authors have requested that this preprint be removed from Research Square.