bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Early Neoproterozoic strata (Sequence B) of mainland northern Canada and Victoria and Banks islands: a contribution to the Geological Atlas of the Northern Canadian Mainland Sedimentary Basin
Authors: Long D G F , Rainbird R H , Turner E
C , MacNaughton R B
Published: January 2011

Sequence B is the second of three unconformity-bounded, post-Hudsonian Proterozoic sequences in northern Canada. Its deposition postdated the Grenvillian orogeny (ca. 1200-1000 Ma) and ended prior to the break-up of Rodinia (ca. 780-720 Ma). Sequence B crops
out: in the Mackenzie Mountains, Wernecke Mountains, and Ogilvie Mountains of the northern Canadian Cordillera; south of Amundsen Gulf on the northern mainland; and on Victoria Island and Banks Island. Exposures in the eastern Northwest Territories and western Nunavut are part of the Amundsen
Basin. Sequence B is present also in the subsurface in all these regions, as well as beneath the northern interior plains. Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of Sequence B is well developed in the Amundsen basin (Shaler Supergroup), partly formalized in the Mackenzie Mountains (Mackenzie Mountains
supergroup), and largely informal elsewhere. Formations encompass a wide variety of siliciclastic, carbonate, and evaporite lithofacies. Deposition of Sequence B is interpreted to have taken place in an epicratonic basin (epeiric sea) that was episodically restricted during its evolution. Net
depositional thickness of Sequence B was roughly twice as thick in the Mackenzie Mountains as in the Amundsen Basin, probably reflecting greater syndepositional crustal extension in the former area. Recognition of five, regional-scale subsequences with Sequence B permits correlation between the
northern Cordillera and the Amundsen Basin but the subsequences cannot be recognized at present beneath the interior plains. Correlation charts and isopach maps presented in this report aid in reconstructing the tectonostratigraphic evolution of Sequence B. Sequence B has known potential for
sediment-hosted base-metal deposits and red-bed-type stratiform Cu-Ag-Co deposits. In the Amundsen Basin, carving stone is obtained from Sequence B and some gypsum deposits may be of industrial value. Hydrocarbon potential is low to absent.
Geological setting of Lake Banook - sedimentation and habitat in an urban lake
Authors: Huppertz T J , King E L , Peters N M , Cameron G D M
Published: January 2011

Sequence B is the second of three unconformity-bounded, post-Hudsonian Proterozoic sequences in northern Canada. Its deposition postdated the Grenvillian orogeny (ca. 1200-1000 Ma) and ended prior to the break-up of Rodinia (ca. 780-720 Ma). Sequence B crops
out: in the Mackenzie Mountains, Wernecke Mountains, and Ogilvie Mountains of the northern Canadian Cordillera; south of Amundsen Gulf on the northern mainland; and on Victoria Island and Banks Island. Exposures in the eastern Northwest Territories and western Nunavut are part of the Amundsen
Basin. Sequence B is present also in the subsurface in all these regions, as well as beneath the northern interior plains. Lithostratigraphic nomenclature of Sequence B is well developed in the Amundsen basin (Shaler Supergroup), partly formalized in the Mackenzie Mountains (Mackenzie Mountains
supergroup), and largely informal elsewhere. Formations encompass a wide variety of siliciclastic, carbonate, and evaporite lithofacies. Deposition of Sequence B is interpreted to have taken place in an epicratonic basin (epeiric sea) that was episodically restricted during its evolution. Net
depositional thickness of Sequence B was roughly twice as thick in the Mackenzie Mountains as in the Amundsen Basin, probably reflecting greater syndepositional crustal extension in the former area. Recognition of five, regional-scale subsequences with Sequence B permits correlation between the
northern Cordillera and the Amundsen Basin but the subsequences cannot be recognized at present beneath the interior plains. Correlation charts and isopach maps presented in this report aid in reconstructing the tectonostratigraphic evolution of Sequence B. Sequence B has known potential for
sediment-hosted base-metal deposits and red-bed-type stratiform Cu-Ag-Co deposits. In the Amundsen Basin, carving stone is obtained from Sequence B and some gypsum deposits may be of industrial value. Hydrocarbon potential is low to absent.
High resolution digital elevation models and orthophotos for three landslide-prone areas in the Mackenzie Valley, Northwest Territories: Thunder River, East of Travaillant Lake, and Mount Morrow
Authors: Couture R , Riopel S , Armenakis C , Savopol F
Published: January 2011

Northern communities and infrastructure in the Mackenzie Valley may be impacted by landslides and slope movements. In recent geological history of the Mackenzie Valley, hundreds of landslides, often affecting areas several hectares in size, have been identified
and mapped. In order to improve the geoscience information in the Mackenzie Valley, Natural Resources Canada initiated a regional landslide mapping project to i) provide baseline knowledge on types, regional distribution, and controlling and aggravating factors of landslides in the Mackenzie Valley
through a compilation of existing and new information; ii) assess the influence of environmental factors (e.g. forest fire, climate variability, global warming); iii) map and monitor zones of potentially unstable slopes using remote sensing technologies; and iv) map susceptibility to landslides in a
permafrost environment.
Petroleum play data for the Lower Paleozoic platform play (Ronning Group), Mackenzie corridor
Authors: Pyle L J
Published: January 2011

Petroleum resource potential in subsurface regions east and west of the proposed route of the Mackenzie Valley Pipeline is currently being assessed by the Geological Survey of Canada (Mackenzie Corridor Project). The Lower Paleozoic platform play is a conceptual
play that includes carbonate strata of the Ronning Group (Latest Cambrian to Silurian Franklin Mountain and Mount Kindle formations). The succession is extensive within the subsurface of the Interior Plains with exposure at surface in the Northern Foreland (Mackenzie Arc). The only discovery is an
oil show from the Franklin Mountain Formation (East MacKay B-45 well). Indications of petroleum systems include minor gas shows, oil staining, traces of dead oil or pyrobitumen in cores, and traces of bitumen in vugs in outcrop. Potential reservoirs in the Ronning Group include porous dolostone beds
at metre-scale thicknesses and the basal sandstone in the Mount Kindle Formation (Great Slave Plains, 3-14% porosity). Porosity quality of dolostone ranges from tight to good (scattered pinpoint vuggy, vuggy, fenestral, intercrystalline, intergranular, and fracture porosity). Potential source
rocks, based on analysis of total organic carbon (%TOC), include Cretaceous shales (Slater River Formation, Martin House, Arctic Red and Trevor formations; range from 0.01 to 42.4 %TOC), Devonian shale (Hare Indian, Imperial and Canol formations; range from 0.01 to 72.07 %TOC),
Ordovician-Silurian shale (Road River Group; 0.06 to 3.67 %TOC), and Ronning Group (0.01 to 7.53 %TOC). Potential traps would most likely be stratigraphic, such as at the shelf edge where reservoir and source rocks interfinger, although pre-Laramide structural traps are possible. Exploration
risks include: timing of trap formation relative to hydrocarbon migration, closure of traps, breaching of reservoirs, and poorly known distribution of favourable settings for oil accumulation (i.e., conditions similar to East MacKay B-45 well, juxtaposition of Cretaceous source rocks against porous
Franklin Mountain Formation).
Geotechnical database and descriptions of permafrost monitoring sites established 2006-07 in the central and southern Mackenzie Corridor
Authors: Smith S L , Chartrand J , Nguyen T
-N , Riseborough D W , Ednie M , Ye S
Published: January 2011

The Geological Survey of Canada of Natural Resources Canada conducted a major field program between 2005 and 2007 to address gaps in baseline environmental information in the Mackenzie Valley associated with proposed transportation and resource development
corridors. A total of 43 boreholes were drilled in the Mackenzie corridor south of Fort Good Hope and 33 of these holes were preserved and instrumented with temperature cables. Geotechnical information and initial ground temperature data from these boreholes has been compiled in a relational
database presented in MS Access format and as ASCII text files. Graphic presentations of the data are also provided along with information on site characteristics and photographs. The baseline information provided meets the needs of a number of users including those involved in planning northern
development, infrastructure design and the regulatory process.
Possible earthquake triggers of submarine landslides in the Estuary of the St. Lawrence River: insights from the earthquake catalogue
Authors: Lamontagne M
Published: January 2011

This Open File documents known earthquakes with magnitude => 4.0 (estimated or calculated) that have occurred near or in the estuary of the St. Lawrence River (i.e. between Quebec City and Baie-Comeau, Quebec) since 1600. The topography of the area
reveals numerous scars left from past mass movements on land (sub-aerial) and at the bottom of the River (submarine). This Open File documents the earthquakes that had the potential (location and magnitude) to trigger some of these landslides. In addition, it lists eyewitness accounts of potential
mass movements ("boiling" of the river and a possible tsunami wave). The Open File also documents the uncertainties of the current earthquake catalogue that must be considered in any study of mass movements along the St. Lawrence River. This catalogue of earthquakes can be used to correlate
seismic events with dated landslide activity of the region. The catalogue is also a good basis to update the eastern Canadian component of the current Geological Survey of Canada earthquake database.
Surficial geology, Nogah Creek, British Columbia
Authors: Smith I R
Published: January 2011

The Nogah Creek (NTS 94I/12) map sheet was inundated by the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the late Wisconsinan glaciation (ca. 25 000 - 10 000 years ago). Bedrock was not encountered during field operations anywhere in the map area, instead thick clay and
fine-silt-rich till deposits appear to blanket almost the entire region. One particularly deep borrow pit exposed >24 m of till, suggesting that thrusting and stacking of till sheets is likely to have occurred. The remarkably flat topography, coupled with the relative impermeability of
the regional till has led to surface ponding of water and the development of extensive organic fen and bog deposits. Given the impermeability of the till, much of the area is characterized by a perched aquifer at surface. Several borrow pits dug in such a manner as to prevent surface drainage from
the surrounding peatlands into them were observed to remain dry, excepting that attributable to meteoric water accumulation, for two or more years. This suggests that the groundwater table is situated well below surface. Where peat has accumulated, it is likely underlain by permafrost, and probably
contains significant amounts of ground ice as evidenced by extensive thermokarst and kettled topography.

During deglaciation, the region was occupied by an increasingly lobate eastward retreating ice mass. Moraines in the southern part of the map area likely record terminal ice margin positions, while large meltwater channels in the northern map area correspond to drainage along earlier lateral ice
margins. The southwestern corner of the map area borders what is interpreted to have been a subglacial tunnel valley. Evidence in support of this interpretation include its regional morphology, the presence of extensive glaciofluvial sand and gravel deposits flooring its base and lateral margins
that are capped by 1-4 m of till, and moraines that drape the landscape, transverse to the long-profile of the valley. The sub-till gravel deposits (Tb/Gt) were exposed in numerous borrow pits dug during construction of the Nogah side road. There, 1-4 m of clay-rich till overly, 2-4 m of well
sorted, foreset and planar-cross bedded fine to medium gravels and sand. Used opportunistically to top-dress local roads, these deposits are projected to extend laterally across a 5 x 0.5 km area, but pale in comparison to the enormous (>1 million m3) Elleh Creek coarse gravel deposit
situated 5 km to the southwest of the map area.
Surficial geology, Lichen Creek, British Columbia
Authors: Smith I R
Published: January 2011

Lichen Creek (NTS 94I/14) map area was inundated by the Laurentide Ice Sheet during the late Wisconsinan glaciation (ca. 25 000 - 10 000 years ago). A thick blanket of clay and fine-silt-rich till was deposited across most of the region by westward flowing ice;
glacial flow direction is depicted by flutings that show divergent flow directions around a bedrock headland in the southeast part of the map. Bedrock is also exposed beneath till veneer in a road cut and borrow pit in the north-central map area. Till exposures in regional borrow pits exhibit
thicknesses >4 m, and the presence of clast-pavements and other unconformities suggests considerable thrusting and stacking of till sheets has occurred in this area. The area is flat to gently northward inclined, and is extensively blanketed by bog and fen deposits. Areas of hummocky
peatland and thermokarst are present but generally less extensive here than in adjoining map areas; discontinuous permafrost conditions are likely to exist in the map area. Hummocky areas extending only a few metres above the regional organic terrain are covered by an aspen-dominated Boreal forest
cover. Regional patterns of these forested-hummocks correlate with interpreted crevasse-squeeze ridges, and small, discontinuous recessional moraines that mark the east-southeastward retreat of ice. Lateral meltwater channels that run oblique and perpendicular across the bedrock-cored upland in the
southern part of the map indicate that ice persisted to the south of the Lichen Creek map after the northern and central regions were deglaciated. No new granular aggregate resources were discovered in the map area, although the various galiofluvial terraces (Gt) in the northwest and along the
Sahtaneh River may be candidates for field exploration. The esker complex in the northwest corner is comprised of almost entirely sand and therefore offers little aggregate potential. Bedrock exposed in the region is poorly consolidated Shaftesbury Formation shale, and similarly offers little
granular aggregate potential.
Till geochemical signatures of magmatic Ni-Cu deposits and regional till geochemistry, Thompson Nickel Belt, Manitoba
Authors: McClenaghan M B , Matile G , Layton-Matthews D , Pyne M
Published: January 2011

The Geological Survey of Canada conducted a till compositional study around the komatiite-associated Ni-Cu deposits in the northern Thompson Nickel Belt, northern Manitoba, to document the multi-element geochemical signature of the deposits in the
<0.063 mm fraction of till. Samples used in this study include archived material collected in 1996 and samples collected in 2005 and 2006. The Laurentide Ice Sheet flowed across the Thompson Nickel Belt southwestward and subsequently westward, and striations from both ice-flow events are
readily apparent on outcrops along the Belt. Exploration along the Thompson Nickel Belt and in the surrounding terranes should consider both the older southwest and younger westward ice-flow events when interpreting and following up till geochemical results. Till geochemistry of the
<0.063 mm fraction is a useful tool for Ni exploration in the region. Pathfinder elements identified in this study for the <0.063 mm till fraction include Ni, Cu, Pd, Pt, Co, As, Cd, Ag, Sb, Bi, Se, S, and Te. This multi-element signature is similar to those identified in till
for other Ni-Cu-PGE deposits. Pd:Pt ratio >3 offers further discrimination of significant till geochemical anomalies. Six anomalous till samples from remote locations outside the Ni Belt contain significantly elevated concentrations of, in various combinations, Pt, Pd, Cu, Cr, Mo, Sb, Bi,
and Fe, as well as Au. These anomalies warrant further investigation.
2009 Canada Basin seismic reflection and refraction survey, western Arctic Ocean: CCGS Louis S. St-Laurent expedition report
Authors: Mosher D C , Shimeld J W , Hutchinson D R
Published: January 2011

The 2009 Canadian Polar Margin Seismic Reflection and Refraction Survey was a tremendous success, in large part due to the experience and innovation of its technical staff. The principal objective was to acquire multichannel seismic reflection and refraction data
along positions that serve to establish sediment thicknesses along Canadian and US western Arctic continental margins. Secondary objectives included bathymetric sounding at specific locations along this margin to validate bathymetric data acquired by other means (e.g. satellite altimetry) in order
to establish baseline information such as the 2500 m contour position. Strategic ship track lines were established to complement existing data to meet UNCLOS and scientific objectives. In addition to the geoscience program, samples and measurements were taken of Arctic Ocean water for chemical and
physical oceanographic studies. Seismic system calibration experiments were also conducted to quantify sound signal intensity levels produced by the seismic system. 4069 line-km of high quality multichannel seismic reflection data were acquired, in addition to seismic refraction data recorded from
51 sonobuoys deployments. 8355 line-km of single beam bathymetry were achieved, in addition to 177 helicopter spot soundings. The physical/chemical oceanographic portion of the program resulted in 7 rosette water sample stations seven CTD/SVP casts and 72 XCTD casts.
Hekja O-71, a major stranded gas discovery offshore Baffin Island with seismic examples of probable gas vents
Authors: Jauer C D
Published: January 2011

The Hekja O-71 well drilled in 1979 is a significant gas discovery, located roughly 150 km west of the entrance to Frobisher Bay, Nunavut, Canada. The reservoir of Danian age Gudrid sandstones here is over 85m in thickness of which 44m produced gas and
hydrocarbon condensate when tested. Although the testing done was not rigorous by current standards, gas resources on the order of 2 Tcf appear present in this structural trap ( Klose et al, 1982). A later well at Ralegh N-18 drilled 26 km to the northeast also found these sandstones but was a
technical failure, barren of hydrocarbons. From the mapping this well appears to have been drilled in a structural low as compared to a high point that would form a structural trap for hydrocarbon accumulation.
The maps presented show the seismic reflection mapping of the Gudrid Formation converted to depth in perspective and plan views. The Hekja discovery site can be easily seen as a distinct structure. However, immediately east of the unsuccessful Ralegh well an untested structure of about ten times
larger area is present. Numerous other structural traps can be seen in this area, some of which show signs of probable hydrocarbon venting to the seafloor, as can be seen in four examples.
The positive relief seafloor features seen at A, C and D appear to have been formed by rising fluids, most likely hydrocarbons, from considerable depth. These three features may be partially organic in origin; similar to other bioherms seen offshore Norway overlying known petroleum fields. These
features represent a fairly new type of chemo-synthetic community where methanogenic bacteria feed on the upwelling cold seep hydrocarbons and are in turn fed on by cold water corals which can build into reefs measuring tens of metres in
height over the seafloor ( Hovland and Risk, 2003 ). By comparison, the feature at B appears to be a pockmark, a crater-like feature caused by the violent expulsion of fluids from below. This type of feature may be a type of subsea mud-volcano as the pockmark sits well over the very large structural
trap mentioned earlier and would have hydrocarbon fluids sourced from the Gudrid reservoir sands shown as the yellow horizon on the labeled seismic section. It is interesting that the pockmark feature appears to be close to the structural crest of this reservoir.
Current technology has yet to make these resources economically viable, hence these petroleum deposits are classified as "stranded",
essentially stuck due to the costs of production and transport. However, from the seismic and well test data, this area offshore Baffin Island must be regarded as a probable world class hydrocarbon deposit that awaits future development.
Surficial geology, Chu Chua Creek (west half), British Columbia
Authors: Bednarski J M
Published: January 2011

The Chu Chua Creek (west half) map area is a gently rolling to rugged upland 900 to 1700 m in elevation. The topography is controlled by the underlying bedrock. Most of the area is underlain by Mesozoic batholiths with some Paleozoic volcanic and metamorphic
rocks and limestone underlying the southern part, east Bonaparte Lake. Tertiary volcanic rocks also outcrop along the northwest margin of the map area and a small area about 4 km east of Bonaparte Lake. Many of the upland areas have been glacially streamlined during the last glaciation by a dominant
ice flow from the northwest by the Cordilleran Ice Sheet. Glacial till covers most of the area and ranges from several metres thick, in valley bottoms, to thin discontinuous veneer over local uplands. Moraines and the orientation of meltwater channels indicate that deglaciation progressed across the
map area to the northwest.
Thermal history and the relationship between diagenesis and the reservoir connectivity: Venture field, offshore Nova Scotia, eastern Canada
Authors: Karim A , Pe-Piper G , Piper D J W , Hanley J J
Published: January 2011

Upper Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous sandstones of the Scotian Basin, offshore eastern Canada, are important gas reservoirs. A study of fluid inclusions related to diagenetic cements provides constraints on the fluid flow history through the rocks. Conventional
cores were logged from the Venture B-52, Venture B-13 and Venture H-22 wells. Lithofacies were described and interpreted. Diagenetic minerals including late carbonate cements were analysed from different stratigraphic levels and related to the known reservoir connectivity sequence. A total of 122
primary and secondary fluid inclusions have been analysed from five samples from the Venture B-52, Venture 1, and Venture 4 wells.
Homogenisation temperature values in the primary aqueous inclusions hosted in late carbonate cements range from 109 to 135 °C. The values in the earlier quartz overgrowths are slightly lower, ranging from 92 to 121 °C. The ice-melting temperatures from primary inclusions in both quartz
overgrowths and late carbonate cements indicate high fluid salinities, between 17 and 20 wt.% NaCl equivalent and 24 to 30 wt.% CaCl equivalent, respectively. Some secondary, predominantly aqueous, inclusions were observed that contain liquid hydrocarbons. They are hosted in detrital quartz,
or cross-cut detrital quartz, quartz overgrowths, and late carbonate cements or they occur in microfractures. All have similar homogenization temperatures to primary inclusions, ranging from 82 to 132 °C. However, the melting temperatures range from - 20.2 to 0.8 °C, indicating very dilute
fluids with low salinities that range from 4 to 14 wt.% NaCl equivalent. Secondary CO2 inclusions, postdating quartz overgrowths, were found with CO2 melting temperatures indicating the presence of hydrocarbons (avg. - 58 °C) and homogenization temperatures (avg. -10 °C) indicating a
relatively high density (i.e., deep trapping depth) carbonic phase.
Late carbonate cements are different in the same Industry Sandstone from different wells, indicating that the late carbonate cementation may be at least partly controlled by the reservoir fill and spill sequence, as connected reservoirs show similar late carbonate assemblages. The hydrocarbon
migration postdates the late carbonate cementation and the gas reservoir has been charged by aqueous fluids with different salinities during its history. The temperatures determined from Venture samples are higher than present temperatures, implying a thermal maximum at an unknown time in the past.
There is no seismic evidence for significant basin inversion in these wells, suggesting the involvement of hot fluids and a higher geothermal gradient than the present ~30 °C/ km.
Geological and geochemical data from the Canadian Arctic Islands. Part VII: Composition of gas from petroleum exploration
borehole cuttings
Authors: Dewing K , Obermajer M , Snowdon L R
Published: January 2011

Gas from cuttings was collected between 1970 and 1975 for 15457 samples from 82 Arctic Island petroleum exploration boreholes. The full data set, along with down-hole plots of gas concentration and gas wetness are presented herein.
Station magnitude corrections ad related issues for eastern Canada
Authors: Bent A L
Published: January 2011

Earthquake magnitudes are generally defined as an average (most often, the arithmetic mean) of magnitudes calculated at many individual seismograph stations. While some variation in station magnitudes stems directly from the seismic source (for example,
radiation pattern or directivity) conditions beneath the recording station also affect the calculated value. For example, soft soils tend to amplify the seismic signal resulting in an apparent magnitude that is higher than the true value. By analyzing the differences between the magnitude
determined at a specific station and the average magnitude for a large number of earthquakes, a site correction for the station can be determined. The intent of this study is to determine the station corrections for those seismographs routinely used in the calculations of magnitudes in eastern
Canada. Corrections are determined for both the mN and ML magnitude scales. Additionally the magnitude residuals were further evaluated to determine whether they were dependent on parameters such as distance, azimuth or frequency. The effects of azimuth and frequency appear to be minimal. There
does appear to be a distance dependency suggesting that the attenuation relation used in the magnitude calculation may need to be modified. Finally, several issues relating to magnitudes are raised, the resolution of which are beyond the intended scope of this paper.
Geology of the Inmont (Robb-Montbray) Zone 3 stripped outcrop
Authors: Mercier-Langevin P , Ross P -S , Dion C , Goutier J , Dubé B
Published: January 2011

This map illustrates the main alteration assemblages and facies observed on the stripped outcrop of the Zone 3 at the Inmont (Robb-Montbray) mine. The mineralization and its alteration system are emplaced within flowbanded, lobate and volcaniclastic rhyolites.
The
distribution of the alteration is strongly controlled by the volcanic facies and structures with fracture-controlled chlorite veins and diffuse quartz, sericite and chlorite gradually replacing or invading the lobe contacts, the flowbanded rhyolite, and the volcaniclastic rhyolite. This architecture
is typical of the "Noranda-type" model of volcanogenic massive sulphide systems with mostly discordant, well defined chlorite alteration pipes surrounded by diffuse sericite-chlorite and quartz alteration within flowdominated sequences.
Surficial geology, geochemistry and 3D modeling of the Kelowna-Westbank-Mission Creek area
Authors: Paradis S J , Boisvert E , Smirnoff A , Deblonde C , Grasby S , Telka A , Pugin A , Pullan S , Thomson S
Published: January 2011

The Okanagan Basin is located in the southern interior of British Columbia and covers 8,200 km2 around the Okanagan Valley. This three years project, called Groundwater Assessment in the Okanagan Basin (GAOB), was completed under the Groundwater program, in the
Assessment of regional aquifers towards a national inventory section. The area covered by the study is mainly located in the Kelowna surroundings. It covers the eastern half and southern two thirds of Shorts Creek map (NTS 82 L/04, scale 1:50 000), the eastern half of Peachland map (NTS 82 E/13,
scale 1:50 000), all of Kelowna map (NTS 82 E/14, scale 1:50 000), and the southern two thirds of the Oyama map (NTS 82 L/03, scale 1:50 000).
Over the lifecycle of the project: fieldwork for regional till sampling, drilling and regular surficial mapping was performed. The different results are presented in spreadsheets, dot maps and various figures format (Annexes 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 7, 8). A cartographic open file was published: Paradis,
S.J., 2009, Surficial geology, Kelowna. British Columbia; Geological Survey of Canada, Open File 6146, scale 1:50 000 (Annex 5). A geophysics survey was also done and finally a 3D model was produce (Annexes 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14). For visualization, the 3D model is presented in GOCAD format and
PDF3D file.
The Flin Flon 3D Knowledge Cube
Authors: Schetselaar E , Pehrsson S , Devine C , Currie M , White D , Malinowski M
Published: January 2011

A 3D geologic model of the Flin Flon exploration camp has been compiled from integrated analyses of drill core, 2D and 3D seismic, mine survey and geological map data. The 3D model is built from a series of lithostratigraphic and fault surfaces which are,
together with their underpinning drill hole and map constraints, represented in a '3D knowledge cube'. The geometry and attitude of the 3D lithostratigraphic surfaces, and their topological relationships with multiple generations of shear zones and thrust faults, suggest that the Flin Flon
exploration camp is underlain by an E-dipping stack of W-vergent thrust imbricates formed by post- and possibly pre-Missi deformation events. The imbricate stack was subsequently deformed by trending ductile thrust faults that internally imbricated the Flin Flon arc assemblage and Missi sedimentary
rocks and brought up rocks of the former against the latter in a northerly direction. The VMS-hosting Millrock member has been stacked on at least four structural levels, enhancing the VMS potential in the footwall and hanging wall vicinities of the known ore deposits where both thrust systems
intersect. N-trending post-metamorphic subvertical faults have further segmented the polyphase imbricate stack, complicating the correlation of lithostratigraphic successions across them.
Application of the GEM surficial geology data model to resource evaluation and geohazard assessment for the Maxhamish Lake map area (NTS 94O), British Columbia
Authors: Huntley D H , Sidwell C F
Published: January 2011

The Geological Survey of Canada (GSC) is currently working to provide an inventory of surficial earth materials, landforms and geomorphic processes in the Maxhamish Lake map area (NTS 94O) as part of the Geo-mapping for Energy and Minerals (GEM) Program Yukon and
Liard Basin Project. This paper focuses on terrain units mapped and classified in the eastern half of NTS 94O: 57% of the map area (12,544 km2). The application of the GEM surficial geology data model presented in this paper provides government agencies, industry and public access to the
geoscience information required for long-term investment, targeted exploration, sustainable development and management of natural resources in northern British Columbia.
Monazite as a provenance indicator for the Lower Cretaceous reservoir sandstones, Scotian Basin
Authors: Triantafyllidis S , Pe-Piper G , MacKay R , Piper D J W , Strathdee G
Published: January 2011

Geochronology of detrital monazite is a valuable tool for interpreting the detrital petrology of sedimentary basins. Because of its hardness, monazite can be transported long distances by rivers, but because it is susceptible to dissolution under acidic
conditions, second cycle monazite is rarely abundant. Monazite geochronology has been applied to sandstones from the latest Jurassic and Lower Cretaceous Missisauga and Logan Canyon formations of the Scotian basin, in order to assess sediment sources and dispersal pathways for the deltaic
sandstones. These sandstones are the principal reservoir rocks for oil and gas in the Scotian Basin. A total of 324 detrital monazite grains were identified from Lower Cretaceous sandstones from ten offshore fields or individual wells, providing an east to west transect of the Scotian Basin.
Monazite grains were characterized by secondary electron or backscattered electron images, showing external morphology, zoning and inclusions, together with WDS X-ray maps and variations in major element chemistry (REE, Th, Y). From these grains, 688 age determinations with 1sin errors <
±20% were obtained by electron microprobe analysis. Based on all these criteria, about
30 distinct types of monazite grain are recognized, that show distinctive variations in their geographic and stratigraphic distribution and abundance. The one analysed sample from the Naskapi N-30 well appears to have had a discrete river source, draining only the Meguma Terrane. On the one hand,
grains with a 440-550 Ma age mode in the central Scotian Basin closely resemble the dominant grain type in the Chaswood Formation in Nova Scotia, suggesting supply from the inboard Appalachian terranes of New Brunswick. On the other hand, the central Scotian Basin also includes common grains with
Proterozoic ages that are absent from the Chaswood Formation, suggesting important supply from a river draining through Cabot Strait from western Newfoundland, or perhaps with minor supply from Labrador and the North Shore of Quebec. The Lower Missisauga Formation at Thebaud and Venture has
significantly more Neoproterozoic monazites compared with the Upper Missisauga Formation and Cree Member throughout the central Scotian Basin. In the eastern Scotian Basin, Proterozoic grains predominate, but most monazite types are also recognised in the central Scotian Basin. This distribution
suggests different dominant river supply to Peskowesk compared with the central Scotian Basin, probably draining the eastern side of the Long Range and the Appalachian rocks of western Newfoundland.
Business intelligence in the cloud
Authors: Thompson Willem J.J. , Van der Walt Jakobus S.
Published: January 2011

Cloud computing has become an important topic to research because of the value it can provide to the business. In this article, the researcher examined how Business Intelligence (BI) can be offered to the business over the Internet as a solution. BI environments, however, require a large capital layout to implement and support the large volumes of data that needs to be analysed to identify trends. It also requires enormous processing power which places pressure on the business resources. The goal of this article is to show how BI will be offered as a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution to the business. The BI SaaS solution will allow companies to reduce cost of having a BI solution and also having access to the latest software which will give the business an edge on their competition. By making use of a literature review the researcher were able gather and present evidence to support the value that the BI SaaS solution will add to the business and how such a BI SaaS solution will look like. As part of this research paper the researcher will also identify the challenges that the business will face when making us a BI SaaS solution.
Orbit equivalence, coinduced actions and free products
Authors: Bowen Lewis
Published: January 2011

The following result is proven. Let

G_1 \curvearrowright^{T_1} (X_1,\mu_1)

and

G_2 \curvearrowright^{T_2} (X_2,\mu_2)

be orbit equivalent (OE), essentially free, probability measure preserving actions of countable groups

G_1

and

G_2

. Let

H

be any countable group. For

i=1,2

, let

\Gamma_i = G_i *H

be the free product. Then the actions of

\Gamma_1

and

\Gamma_2

coinduced from

T_1

and

T_2

are OE. As an application, it is shown that if

\Gamma

is a free group, then all nontrivial Bernoulli shifts over

\Gamma

are OE.
Differential forms and 0-dimensional supersymmetric field theories
Authors: Hohnhold Henning , Kreck Matthias , Stolz Stephan , Teichner Peter
Published: January 2011

We show that closed differential forms on a smooth manifold X can be interpreted as topological (respectively Eudlidean) supersymmetric field theories of dimension 0|1 over X. As a consequence, concordance classes of such field theories are shown to represent de Rham cohomology. The main contribution of this paper is to make all new mathematical notions regarding supersymmetric field theories precise.
The Jones slopes of a knot
Authors: Garoufalidis Stavros
Published: January 2011

The paper introduces the slope conjecture which relates the degree of the Jones polynomial of a knot and its parallels with the slopes of incompressible surfaces in the knot complement. More precisely, we introduce two knot invariants, the Jones slopes (a finite set of rational numbers) and the Jones period (a natural number) of a knot in 3-space. We formulate a number of conjectures for these invariants and verify them by explicit computations for the class of alternating knots, the knots with at most 9 crossings, the torus knots and the

(−2,3,n)

pretzel knots.
An intrinsic approach to invariants of framed links in 3-manifolds
Authors: Kalfagianni Efstratia
Published: January 2011

We study framed links in irreducible 3-manifolds that are

ℤ

-homology 3-spheres or atoroidal

ℚ

-homology 3-spheres. We calculate the dual of the Kauffman skein module over the ring of two variable power series with complex coefficients. For links in

S^3

we give a new construction of the classical Kauffman polynomial.
Developing A National Framework For A Middle School Agricultural Education Curriculum
Authors: Frick Martin J.
Published: January 2011

No abstract available
Participation In Supervised Agricultural Experience Programs: A Synthesis Of Research
Authors: Dyer James E. , Osborne Edward W.
Published: January 2011

The objectives of this investigation were to synthesize research related to participation in supervised agricultural experience (SAE) programs and to identify areas of deficiency in SAE-related research. Findings showed that research in this area was primarily descriptive, survey, and nonprogrammatic. They revealed that SAE programs lacked definition, focus, and direction. No empirical studies were found to suggest that SAE programs were educationally beneficial, warranting student participation. Teacher attitudes and expectations strongly influence SAE participation. While teachers claim to support the concept of SAE, many fail to implement the programs fully, resulting in decreased participation by students. Participation varies widely by state, is demographically dependent, and is lacking by all parties. Future research in this area should be directed toward determining the empirical value of SAEs, their purpose and design, contributing factors to participation variance, factors which aid and/or limit participation, methods to create interest in SAEs, benefits for higher-achievers, factors which influence teachers to support SAEs, the role of record keeping, and type of SAE programs which would appeal to urban and suburban students.
Distribution and air-sea exchange of mercury (Hg) in the Yellow Sea
Authors: Ci Z. J. , Zhang X. S. , Wang Z. W. , Niu Z. C. , Diao X. Y. , Wang S. W.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. The Yellow Sea, surrounded by East China and the Korea Peninsula, is a potentially important receptor for anthropogenic mercury (Hg) emissions from East Asia. However, there is little documentation about the distribution and cycle of Hg in this marine system. During the cruise covering the Yellow Sea in July 2010, gaseous elemental mercury (GEM or Hg(0)) in the atmosphere, total Hg (THg), reactive Hg (RHg) and dissolved gaseous mercury (DGM, largely Hg(0)) in the waters were measured aboard the R/V Kexue III. The mean (±SD) concentration of GEM over the entire cruise was 2.61±0.50 ng m−3 (range: 1.68 to 4.34 ng m−3), which were generally higher than other open oceans. The spatial distribution of GEM generally reflected a clear gradient with high levels near the coast of East China and low levels in open waters, suggesting the significant atmospheric Hg outflow from East China. The mean concentration of THg in the surface waters was 1.69±0.35 ng l−1 and the RHg accounted for a considerable fraction of THg (RHg: 1.08±0.28 ng l−1, %RHg/THg=63.9%). The mean concentration of DGM in the surface waters was 63.9±13.7 pg l−1 and always suggested the supersaturation of Hg(0) in the surface waters with respect to Hg(0) in the atmosphere (the degree of saturation: 7.83±2.29 with a range of 3.58–14.00). The mean Hg(0) flux at the air-sea interface was estimated to be 22.58±14.56 ng m−2 h−1 based on a two-layer exchange model. The high wind speed and DGM levels induced the extremely high Hg(0) emission rates. Measurements at three selected stations showed no clear vertical patterns of all three species of Hg in the water column. Overall, the elevated Hg levels in the Yellow Sea compared with other open oceans suggested that the human activity has significantly influenced the oceanic Hg cycle downwind of East Asia.
Effect of the summer monsoon on aerosols at two measurement stations in Northern India – Part 1: PM and BC concentrations
Authors: Hyvärinen A.-P. , Raatikainen T. , Brus D. , Komppula M. , Panwar T. S. , Hooda R. K. , Sharma V. P. , Lihavainen H.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC) concentrations were measured at two locations in Northern India during 2006–2010. The first measurement station is a background site in Mukteshwar, about 350 km northeast of New Delhi, in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas. The second measurement site was located in Gual Pahari, about 25 km south of New Delhi. Here we focused on resolving the effects of the Indian summer monsoon on the particulate matter and black carbon concentrations at the two stations. The average monsoon time concentrations were decreased by 55–70% compared to the pre-monsoon average concentrations at both stations, having a linear relationship with the total local rainfall during the monsoon season. In Mukteshwar during the monsoon, the 24 h PM2.5 concentrations were always below the Indian National Air Quality Standard of 60 μgm−3. In Gual Pahari, 13% of days exceeded this level during the monsoon season. However, the 24 h guideline of 25 μgm−3 given by the World Health Organization was more difficult to meet. In addition to loss processes, aerosol concentrations during the early monsoon were found to be affected by primary emissions, most likely dust event from the Thar Desert. This resulted in elevated fractions of the coarse mode, PM2.5−10 at both stations. In Mukteshwar, additional dust contribution came from the arid regions on the southern slopes of Himalayas. We also determined the characteristic transition times between the pre-monsoon, monsoon and post-monsoon. The onset and withdrawal transitions occurred faster in Mukteshwar than in Gual Pahari, both being typically less than 10 days. Transition periods in Gual Pahari took between 17 and 31 days. The shorter transition times in Mukteshwar were probably related to the more intense rains due to the mountain location.
Effect of the summer monsoon on aerosols at two measurement stations in Northern India – Part 2: Physical and optical properties
Authors: Hyvärinen A.-P. , Raatikainen T. , Komppula M. , Mielonen T. , Sundström A.-M. , Brus D. , Panwar T. S. , Hooda R. K. , Sharma V. P. , de Leeuw G. , Lihavainen H.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. Aerosol physical and optical properties were measured at two locations in Northern India during 2006–2010. The first measurement station was a background site in Mukteshwar, about 350 km northeast of New Delhi, in the foothills of the Indian Himalayas. The second measurement site was located in Gual Pahari, about 25 km south of New Delhi. At both stations, the average aerosol concentrations during the monsoon were decreased by 40–75% compared to the pre-monsoon average concentrations. The decrease varied with the total local rainfall. Also the mean aerosol size decreased during the monsoon season. The size distribution at Mukteshwar was unimodal, with a mode diameter at about 80 nm. In Gual Pahari, the ratio of Aitken and accumulation particle concentration was >1, due to wet deposition and new particle formation during the monsoon season. Aerosol concentrations during the early monsoon were found to be affected by mineral dust which in Gual Pahari was observed as an increased particle volume at around 3–4 μm. The single scattering albedo varied from 0.73 to 0.93 during the monsoon season, being slightly lower in Gual Pahari than in Mukteshwar. The aerosol columnar properties, which were measured in Gual Pahari, showed a somewhat different seasonal behavior compared to the surface measurements, with the aerosol optical depth increasing to an annual maximum in the early monsoon season.
Absorption, scattering and single scattering albedo of aerosols obtained from in situ measurements in the subarctic coastal region of Norway
Authors: Montilla E. , Mogo S. , Cachorro V. , Lopez J. , de Frutos A.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. In situ measurements of aerosol optical properties were made in summer 2008 at the ALOMAR station facility (69°16 N, 16°00 E), located at a rural site in the North of the island of Andøya (Vesterålen archipelago), about 300 km north of the Arctic Circle. The extended three months campaign was part of the POLAR-CAT Project of the International Polar Year (IPY-2007-2008), and its goal was to characterize the aerosols of this sub-Arctic area which frequently transporte to the Arctic region. The ambient light-scattering coefficient, σs(550 nm), at ALOMAR had a hourly mean value of 5.412 Mm−1 (StD = 3.545 Mm−1) and the light-absorption coefficient, σa(550 nm), had an hourly mean value of 0.400 Mm−1 (StD = 0.273 Mm−1). The scattering/absorption Ångström exponents, αs,a, are used for detailed analysis of the variations of the spectral shape of σs,a. The single scattering albedo, &omega0, ranges from 0.622 to 0.985 (mean = 0.913, StD = 0.052) and the relation of this property to the absorption/scattering coefficients and the Ångström exponents is presented. The relationships between all the parameters analyzed, mainly those related to the single scattering albedo, allow us to describe the local atmosphere as extremely clean.
Camtracker: a new camera controlled high precision solar tracker system for FTIR-spectrometers
Authors: Gisi M. , Hase F. , Dohe S. , Blumenstock T.
Published: January 2011

Abstract. A new system to very precisely couple radiation of a moving source into a Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectrometer is presented. The Camtracker consists of a homemade altazimuthal solar tracker, a digital camera and a homemade program to process the camera data and to control the motion of the tracker. The key idea is to evaluate the image of the radiation source on the entrance field stop of the spectrometer. We prove that the system reaches tracking accuracies of about 10 arc s for a ground-based solar absorption FTIR spectrometer, which is significantly better than current solar trackers. Moreover, due to the incorporation of a camera, the new system allows to document residual pointing errors and to point onto the solar disk center even in case of variable intensity distributions across the source due to cirrus or haze.