bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Influence of Match Location, Quality of Opponents, and Match Status on Movement Patterns in Brazilian Professional Football Players
Authors: Aquino Rodrigo , Munhoz Martins Guilherme H. , Palucci Vieira Luiz H. , Menezes Rafael P.
Published: October 2016

Aquino, R, Munhoz Martins, GH, Palucci Vieira, LH, and Menezes, RP. Influence of match location, quality of opponents and match status on movement patterns in brazilian professional football players. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2155–2161, 2017—The aim of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects of match location, quality of opponents, and match status on the movement patterns in a professional Brazilian football team. Sixteen matches of the fourth division Brazilian Championship of 2015 were analyzed during the competitive stages (classifier, 8 matches; octave-finals, 2 matches; quarterfinals, 2 matches; semifinals, 2 matches; and finals, 2 matches). A 5-Hz Global Positioning System Sports QSTARZ was used to record the total distance (TD), maximum speed (VMAX), average speed (VAVERAGE), and frequency of high-intensity activities (HIA). The Student's t-test for independent samples showed significantly higher values (p ≤ 0.05) of VMAX, VAVERAGE, and HIA in home matches when compared with away matches. Comparing the quality of opponents, statistically higher values of TD, VMAX, and HIA were found when the team played against strong opponents. Regarding match status, 1-way analysis of variance demonstrated that when the team won presented significantly higher values of TD, VMAX, VAVERAGE, and HIA compared with matches when the team lost. There were no substantial interactive effects of match situational variables on movement patterns. Finally, multiple linear regression showed that the variable quality of opponents has a higher relative contribution to the variance in HIA (19%) than match status (16%) and match location (4%). In particular, the results indicate that physical performance in professional football is influenced by match situational variables, resulting in a change in the team's style of play.
Snapshots of the Brain in Action: Local Circuit Operations through the Lens of γ Oscillations
Authors: Cardin Jessica A.
Published: October 2016

γ oscillations (20–80 Hz) are associated with sensory processing, cognition, and memory, and focused attention in animals and humans. γ activity can arise from several neural mechanisms in the cortex and hippocampus and can vary across circuits, behavioral states, and developmental stages. γ oscillations are nonstationary, typically occurring in short bouts, and the peak frequency of this rhythm is modulated by stimulus parameters. In addition, the participation of excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the γ rhythm varies across local circuits and conditions, particularly in the cortex. Although these dynamics present a challenge to interpreting the functional role of γ oscillations, these patterns of activity emerge from synaptic interactions among excitatory and inhibitory neurons and thus provide important insight into local circuit operations.
Maturation of Spontaneous Firing Properties after Hearing Onset in Rat Auditory Nerve Fibers: Spontaneous Rates, Refractoriness, and Interfiber Correlations
Authors: Wu Jingjing Sherry , Young Eric D. , Glowatzki Elisabeth
Published: October 2016

Auditory nerve fibers (ANFs) exhibit a range of spontaneous firing rates (SRs) that are inversely correlated with threshold for sounds. To probe the underlying mechanisms and time course of SR differentiation during cochlear maturation, loose-patch extracellular recordings were made from ANF dendrites using acutely excised rat cochlear preparations of different ages after hearing onset. Diversification of SRs occurred mostly between the second and the third postnatal week. Statistical properties of ANF spike trains showed developmental changes that approach adult-like features in older preparations. Comparison with intracellularly recorded EPSCs revealed that most properties of ANF spike trains derive from the characteristics of presynaptic transmitter release. Pharmacological tests and waveform analysis showed that endogenous firing produces some fraction of ANF spikes, accounting for their unusual properties; the endogenous firing diminishes gradually during maturation. Paired recordings showed that ANFs contacting the same inner hair cell could have different SRs, with no correlation in their spike timing.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe inner hair cell (IHC)/auditory nerve fiber (ANF) synapse is the first synapse of the auditory pathway. Remarkably, each IHC is the sole partner of 10–30 ANFs with a range of spontaneous firing rates (SRs). Low and high SR ANFs respond to sound differently, and both are important for encoding sound information across varying acoustical environments. Here we demonstrate SR diversification after hearing onset by afferent recordings in acutely excised rat cochlear preparations. We describe developmental changes in spike train statistics and endogenous firing in immature ANFs. Dual afferent recordings provide the first direct evidence that fibers with different SRs contact the same IHCs and do not show correlated spike timing at rest. These results lay the groundwork for understanding the differential sensitivity of ANFs to acoustic trauma.
Sustained Gq-Protein Signaling Disrupts Striatal Circuits via JNK
Authors: Bellocchio Luigi , Ruiz-Calvo Andrea , Chiarlone Anna , Cabanas Magali , Resel Eva , Cazalets Jean-René , Blázquez Cristina , Cho Yoon H. , Galve-Roperh Ismael , Guzmán Manuel
Published: October 2016

The dorsal striatum is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and plays a key role in the control of vital processes such as motor behavior, cognition, and motivation. The functionality of striatal neurons is tightly controlled by various metabotropic receptors. Whereas the Gs/Gi-protein-dependent tuning of striatal neurons is fairly well known, the precise impact and underlying mechanism of Gq-protein-dependent signals remain poorly understood. Here, using different experimental approaches, especially designer receptor exclusively activated by designer drug (DREADD) chemogenetic technology, we found that sustained activation of Gq-protein signaling impairs the functionality of striatal neurons and we unveil the precise molecular mechanism underlying this process: a phospholipase C/Ca2+/proline-rich tyrosine kinase 2/cJunN-terminal kinase pathway. Moreover, engagement of this intracellular signaling route was functionally active in the mouse dorsal striatumin vivo, as proven by the disruption of neuronal integrity and behavioral tasks. To analyze this effect anatomically, we manipulated Gq-protein-dependent signaling selectively in neurons belonging to the direct or indirect striatal pathway. Acute Gq-protein activation in direct-pathway or indirect-pathway neurons produced an enhancement or a decrease, respectively, of activity-dependent parameters. In contrast, sustained Gq-protein activation impaired the functionality of direct-pathway and indirect-pathway neurons and disrupted the behavioral performance and electroencephalography-related activity tasks controlled by either anatomical framework. Collectively, these findings define the molecular mechanism and functional relevance of Gq-protein-driven signals in striatal circuits under normal and overactivated states.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe dorsal striatum is a major input structure of the basal ganglia and plays a key role in the control of vital processes such as motor behavior, cognition, and motivation. Whereas the Gs/Gi-protein-dependent tuning of striatal neurons is fairly well known, the precise impact and underlying mechanism of Gq-protein-dependent signals remain unclear. Here, we show that striatal circuits can be “turned on” by acute Gq-protein signaling or “turned off” by sustained Gq-protein signaling. Specifically, sustained Gq-protein signaling inactivates striatal neurons by an intracellular pathway that relies on cJunN-terminal kinase. Overall, this study sheds new light onto the molecular mechanism and functional relevance of Gq-protein-driven signals in striatal circuits under normal and overactivated states.
Insulin Treatment Prevents Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury with Restored Neurobehavioral Function in Models of HIV/AIDS Neurodegeneration
Authors: Mamik Manmeet K. , Asahchop Eugene L. , Chan Wing F. , Zhu Yu , Branton William G. , McKenzie Brienne A. , Cohen Eric A. , Power Christopher
Published: October 2016

HIV-1 infection of the brain causes the neurodegenerative syndrome HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), for which there is no specific treatment. Herein, we investigated the actions of insulin usingex vivoandin vivomodels of HAND. Increased neuroinflammatory gene expression was observed in brains from patients with HIV/AIDS. The insulin receptor was detected on both neurons and glia, but its expression was unaffected by HIV-1 infection. Insulin treatment of HIV-infected primary human microglia suppressed supernatant HIV-1 p24 levels, reducedCXCL10andIL-6transcript levels, and induced peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) expression. Insulin treatment of primary human neurons prevented HIV-1 Vpr-mediated cell process retraction and death. In feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infected cats, daily intranasal insulin treatment (20.0 IU/200 μl for 6 weeks) reduced CXCL10, IL-6, and FIV RNA detection in brain, although PPAR-γ in glia was increased compared with PBS-treated FIV+control animals. These molecular changes were accompanied by diminished glial activation in cerebral cortex and white matter of insulin-treated FIV+animals, with associated preservation of cortical neurons. Neuronal counts in parietal cortex, striatum, and hippocampus were higher in the FIV+/insulin-treated group compared with the FIV+/PBS-treated group. Moreover, intranasal insulin treatment improved neurobehavioral performance, including both memory and motor functions, in FIV+animals. Therefore, insulin exertedex vivoandin vivoantiviral, anti-inflammatory, and neuroprotective effects in models of HAND, representing a new therapeutic option for patients with inflammatory or infectious neurodegenerative disorders including HAND.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTHIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) represent a spectrum disorder of neurocognitive dysfunctions resulting from HIV-1 infection. Although the exact mechanisms causing HAND are unknown, productive HIV-1 infection in the brain with associated neuroinflammation is a potential pathogenic mechanism resulting in neuronal damage and death. We report that, in HIV-infected microglia cultures, insulin treatment led to reduced viral replication and inflammatory gene expression. In addition, intranasal insulin treatment of experimentally feline immunodeficiency virus-infected animals resulted in improved motor and memory performances. We show that insulin restored expression of the nuclear receptor peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ), which is suppressed by HIV-1 replication. Our findings indicate a unique function for insulin in improving neurological outcomes in lentiviral infections, implicating insulin as a therapeutic intervention for HAND.
Spatiotemporal Distribution of Location and Object Effects in Primary Motor Cortex Neurons during Reach-to-Grasp
Authors: Rouse Adam G. , Schieber Marc H.
Published: October 2016

Reaching and grasping typically are considered to be spatially separate processes that proceed concurrently in the arm and the hand, respectively. The proximal representation in the primary motor cortex (M1) controls the arm for reaching, while the distal representation controls the hand for grasping. Many studies of M1 activity therefore have focused either on reaching to various locations without grasping different objects, or else on grasping different objects all at the same location. Here, we recorded M1 neurons in the anterior bank and lip of the central sulcus as monkeys performed more naturalistic movements, reaching toward, grasping, and manipulating four different objects in up to eight different locations. We quantified the extent to which variation in firing rates depended on location, on object, and on their interaction—all as a function of time. Activity proceeded largely in two sequential phases: the first related predominantly to the location to which the upper extremity reached, and the second related to the object about to be grasped. Both phases involved activity distributed widely throughout the sampled territory, spanning both the proximal and the distal upper extremity representation in caudal M1. Our findings indicate that naturalistic reaching and grasping, rather than being spatially segregated processes that proceed concurrently, each are spatially distributed processes controlled by caudal M1 in large part sequentially. Rather than neuromuscular processes separated in space but not time, reaching and grasping are separated more in time than in space.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTReaching and grasping typically are viewed as processes that proceed concurrently in the arm and hand, respectively. The arm region in the primary motor cortex (M1) is assumed to control reaching, while the hand region controls grasping. During naturalistic reach–grasp–manipulate movements, we found, however, that neuron activity proceeds largely in two sequential phases, each spanning both arm and hand representations in M1. The first phase is related predominantly to the reach location, and the second is related to the object about to be grasped. Our findings indicate that reaching and grasping are successive aspects of a single movement. Initially the arm and the hand both are projected toward the object's location, and later both are shaped to grasp and manipulate.
Hair cell synaptic dysfunction, auditory fatigue and thermal sensitivity in otoferlin Ile515Thr mutants
Authors: Strenzke Nicola , Chakrabarti Rituparna , Al‐Moyed Hanan , Müller Alexandra , Hoch Gerhard , Pangrsic Tina , Yamanbaeva Gulnara , Lenz Christof , Pan Kuan‐Ting , Auge Elisabeth , Geiss‐Friedlander Ruth , Urlaub Henning , Brose Nils , Wichmann Carolin , Reisinger Ellen
Published: October 2016

The multi‐C2 domain protein otoferlin is required for hearing and mutated in human deafness. Some OTOF mutations cause a mild elevation of auditory thresholds but strong impairment of speech perception. At elevated body temperature, hearing is lost. Mice homozygous for one of these mutations, OtofI515T/I515T, exhibit a moderate hearing impairment involving enhanced adaptation to continuous or repetitive sound stimulation. In OtofI515T/I515T inner hair cells (IHCs), otoferlin levels are diminished by 65%, and synaptic vesicles are enlarged. Exocytosis during prolonged stimulation is strongly reduced. This indicates that otoferlin is critical for the reformation of properly sized and fusion‐competent synaptic vesicles. Moreover, we found sustained exocytosis and sound encoding to scale with the amount of otoferlin at the plasma membrane. We identified a 20 amino acid motif including an RXR motif, presumably present in human but not in mouse otoferlin, which reduces the plasma membrane abundance of Ile515Thr‐otoferlin. Together, this likely explains the auditory synaptopathy at normal temperature and the temperature‐sensitive deafness in humans carrying the Ile515Thr mutation.
Antiestrogens: structure-activity relationships and use in breast cancer treatment
Authors: Traboulsi T , El Ezzy M , Gleason J L , Mader S
Published: October 2016

About 70% of breast tumors express estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), which mediates the proliferative effects of estrogens on breast epithelial cells, and are candidates for treatment with antiestrogens, steroidal or non-steroidal molecules designed to compete with estrogens and antagonize ERs. The variable patterns of activity of antiestrogens (AEs) in estrogen target tissues and the lack of systematic cross-resistance between different types of molecules have provided evidence for different mechanisms of action. AEs are typically classified as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), which display tissue-specific partial agonist activity (e.g. tamoxifen and raloxifene), or as pure AEs (e.g. fulvestrant), which enhance ERα post-translational modification by ubiquitin-like molecules and accelerate its proteasomal degradation. Characterization of second- and third-generation AEs, however, suggests the induction of diverse ERα structural conformations, resulting in variable degrees of receptor downregulation and different patterns of systemic properties in animal models and in the clinic.
A Gene for Genetic Background in Zea mays: Fine-Mapping enhancer of teosinte branched1.2 to a YABBY Class Transcription Factor
Authors: Yang Chin Jian , Kursel Lisa E , Studer Anthony J , Bartlett Madelaine E , Whipple Clinton J , Doebley John F
Published: October 2016

The effects of an allelic substitution at a gene often depend critically on genetic background, i.e., the genotypes at other genes in the genome. During the domestication of maize from its wild ancestor (teosinte), an allelic substitution at teosinte branched (tb1) caused changes in both plant and ear architecture. The effects of tb1 on phenotype were shown to depend on multiple background loci, including one called enhancer of tb1.2 (etb1.2). We mapped etb1.2 to a YABBY class transcription factor (ZmYAB2.1) and showed that the maize alleles of ZmYAB2.1 are either expressed at a lower level than teosinte alleles or disrupted by insertions in the sequences. tb1 and etb1.2 interact epistatically to control the length of internodes within the maize ear, which affects how densely the kernels are packed on the ear. The interaction effect is also observed at the level of gene expression, with tb1 acting as a repressor of ZmYAB2.1 expression. Curiously, ZmYAB2.1 was previously identified as a candidate gene for another domestication trait in maize, nonshattering ears. Consistent with this proposed role, ZmYAB2.1 is expressed in a narrow band of cells in immature ears that appears to represent a vestigial abscission (shattering) zone. Expression in this band of cells may also underlie the effect on internode elongation. The identification of ZmYAB2.1 as a background factor interacting with tb1 is a first step toward a gene-level understanding of how tb1 and the background within which it works evolved in concert during maize domestication.
Simultaneous determination of antioxidants and ultraviolet stabilizers in polypropylene food packaging and food simulants by high-performance liquid chromatography
Authors: Li B. , Wang Z.W. , Lin Q.B. , Hu C.Y.
Published: October 2016

The use of polypropylene materials in industry for food packaging is increasing. The presence of additives in the polymer matrix enables the modification or improvement of the properties and performance of the polymer, but these additives are potential risk for human health. In this context, an efficient analytical method for the quantitative determination of three antioxidants (2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol (BHT), dibutylhydroxyphenylpropionic acid stearyl ester (Irganox 1076), and tns-(2.4-di-tert-butyl)-phosphite (Irgafos 168)) and five ultraviolet stabilizers (2-(2′-hydroxy-5′-methylphenyl) (UV-P), (2′-hydroxy-3′-tert-5′-methylphenyl)-5-chloroben zotriazole (UV-326), 2-(2′-hydroxy-3′,5′-di-tert-butylphenyl)-5-chlorobenzotriazole (UV-327), 2-(2H-benzotriazol- 2-yl)-4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)phenol(UV-329), and 2-hydroxy-4(octyloxy) benzophenone (UV-531)) in polypropylene food packaging and food simulants by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed. Parameters affecting the efficiency in the process such as extraction and chromatographic condition were studied in order to determine operating conditions. The analytical method showed good linearity, presenting correlation coefficients (R ≥ 0.9977) for all additives. The limits of detection and quantification were between 0.03 and 0.30 μg mL−1 and between 0.10 and 1.00 μg mL−1 for eight analytes, respectively. Average spiked recoveries in blank polypropylene packaging and food simulants were in the range of 80.4–99.5% and 75.2–106.7%, with relative standard deviations in the range of 0.9–9.1% and 0.2–9.8%. Dissolving the polypropylene food packaging with toluene and precipitating by methanol was demonstrated more effective than ultrasonic extract with acetonitrile or dichloromethane for extracting the additives. The method was successfully applied to commercial polypropylene packaging determination, Irgafos 168 and UV-P were frequently found in six commercial polypropylene films, and the content ranged from 166.47 ± 5.11 to 845.27 ± 29.31 μg g−1 and 2.10 ± 0.29 to 19.23 ± 1.26 μg g−1, respectively.
Proposta de laboratório de física de baixo custo para escolas da rede pública de ensino médio
Authors: Silva José Carlos Xavier , Leal Carlos Eduardo dos Santos
Published: October 2016

Apresentamos neste trabalho uma proposta de construção de um laboratório de Física utilizando materiais recicláveis e de baixo custo que proporcione aos professores e alunos da rede pública de ensino médio a oportunidade de ter contato com experimentos de Física, sem que sejam necessários grandes investimentos financeiros na aquisição de equipamentos e de materiais de laboratório. Com o uso de materiais de baixo custo são propostos diversos experimentos referentes aos fenômenos físicos nas áreas da mecânica, óptica, eletricidade, magnetismo, hidrostática, termologia e física moderna que permitem de forma direta e intuitiva a verificação dos conteúdos apresentados nas aulas teóricas, assim como, o desenvolvimento de habilidades experimentais por parte dos estudantes. Além disso, espera-se que a introdução de experimentos demonstrativos também contribua como elemento fomentador da construção de um pensamento científico e o desenvolvimento da intuição física no ambiente escolar.
BOATOS, CRISES E OPORTUNIDADES POLÍTICAS NA ANTIGUIDADE TARDIA
Authors: MAGALHÃES DE OLIVEIRA Julio Cesar
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Comparado à organização política do Principado, o regime imperial da Antiguidade Tardia obteve um controle muito maior sobre a circulação da informação política em decorrência da centralização do poder e do número ainda maior de funcionários qualificados dedicados a coligir, cotejar e recuperar informações em todo o Império. Ainda assim, a vastidão do Império Romano e a lentidão das comunicações continuavam a representar as principais ameaças ao poder absolutista, especialmente nos momentos de crises políticas, quando a própria ausência de informações oficiais alimentava os canais subterrâneos e incontrolados de notícias. Do ponto de vista da plebe urbana e dos atores políticos locais, o recurso a essas notícias clandestinas que nós chamamos de "boatos" podia representar uma tentativa de avaliar a abertura de oportunidades para a ação em um ambiente político marcado por uma profunda incerteza. O objetivo deste artigo é explorar como a plebe urbana, as facções religiosas ou seus líderes percebiam (e encorajavam) a difusão de notícias sobre as mudanças no poder imperial como uma "janela de oportunidades" e como uma forma de organizar uma ação coletiva.
EL BÁRBARO COMO HERRAMIENTA DISCURSIVA EN EL PENSAMIENTO DE AGUSTÍN DE HIPONA DURANTE EL PROCESO DE LA CAÍDA DE ROMA DEL AÑO 410 EN EL CONTEXTO DEL CONFLICTO ENTRE INTELECTUALES CRISTIANOS Y PAGANOS
Authors: GÓMEZ ASO GRACIELA
Published: October 2016

RESUMEN Los intelectuales romanos realizaron durante la tardo-República y el Alto Imperio una construcción histórica conocida como el mito de la eternidad de Roma. En esa construcción tuvieron un rol fundamental los bárbaros que habían tomado la ciudad eterna y habían ocupado la ecúmene romana en sólo dos siglos: el IV y V. Esta circunstancia produjo en la Tardo antigüedad un importante número de escritos acerca de la caída de Roma producida por la acción militar y política del Rex Gothorum Alarico. Este trabajo indagará en los escritos de Agustín de Hipona para reconocer la intencionalidad, el modo y la estructura discursiva de este obispo del norte de África con el fin de interpretar su visión sobre la barbarie en el contexto de la caída de Roma del año 410. Fecha importante en la lucha intelectual entre paganos y cristianos.
The effect of inflammatory response modulator agents on gingivitis and periodontitis
Authors: CAVAGNI Juliano , MUNIZ Francisco Wilker Mustafa Gomes , RÖSING Cassiano Kuchenbecker
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Periodontal diseases are infecto-inflammatory diseases. Literature, has tried to elucidate the infections component of gingivitis and periodontitis, for several years. In recent years, much has been discussed about the role of the host response modulators to periodontal therapeutic procedures. The aim of the present literature review was to evaluate the effect of host response modulating agents (anti-inflammatories) on the pathogenesis of gingivitis and periodontitis. A search in the main databases was performed and human and animal studies were selected. The majority of studies was performed in humans and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in different dosages were used. The results have shown a potential benefit of the non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs concerning the microbial challenge. However, this benefit seems not to occur in the long term, thus not supporting it as a periodontal therapeutic approach. Few studies evaluated the effect of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. Moreover, the results in humans and animals are controversial, pointing to a possible deleterious effect of steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on periodontal structures.
Molar intrusion with orthodontic mini-implants: case reports
Authors: TIAGO Carollyne Mota , PREVIDENTE Luis , NOUER Paulo Roberto Aranha
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Intraoral skeletal anchorage may be obtained by means of mini-implants that allow simpler and more effective orthodontic biomechanics. These devices have become increasingly popular, particularly because their use requires little cooperation from the patient. Three clinical cases were presented, in which the efficiency of mini-implants for maxillary and mandibular molar intrusion was demonstrated. In all treatments, the authors sought to insert the mini-implants in the vestibular and lingual regions to obtain better torque control of the tooth, thereby avoiding undesirable momentum, rotation and tipping. Therefore, the intrusive forces with a force intensity ranging between 150g and 200g, were obtained by means of chain elastics, always passing through the center of resistance of the molars to be moved. In the cases treated, there was intrusion with over-correction in a mean period of six, and maximum of seven months, thus allowing better rehabilitation of the patient submitted to previous orthodontic treatment, and after conclusion of this phase, good stability of the mechanics used.
Third molar extractions: a retrospective study of 1178 cases
Authors: SALMEN Fued Samir , OLIVEIRA Marina Reis , GABRIELLI Marisa Aparecida Cabrini , PIVETA Ana Cláudia Gabrielli , PEREIRA-FILHO Valfrido Antonio , GABRIELLI Mario Francisco Real
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aims to investigate the demographics, patient health status, position of the teeth, pericoronitis incidence, surgical complications, use of antibiotics to third molar removal and correlate those findings. Methods: Based on panoramic radiographs, the teeth were classified as proposed by Pell and Gregory and Winter. The binomial test for proportions with a significance level of 5% was applied. Results: Records of 337 patients submitted 1178 third molar extractions in the period from 1993 to 2011 were reviewed. Most upper teeth were vertically positioned, (84.2%) (p<0.0001), class I (49.55%) (p<0.0001), position C (58.88%) (p<0.0001) and most inferiors were mesioangulated (42.03%) (p<0.0122), class II (60.22%) (p<0.0001), position A (48.15%) (p<0.0001). Complications occurred in 2.88% of the procedures (p<0.0006), mainly in women (69.7%) (p<0.0014) and more frequently in patients who did not receive antibiotics (71.43%) (p<0.0027). Complications were more frequent after extraction of inferior third molars (75.75%) (p<0.0001). The most common complication was alveolitis (52.51%) (p<0.0006). Conclusion: In this study, the complication rates were low. They were more frequent in women who did not receive antibiotics. The most common complication was alveolitis.
Evaluation of dentistry students' knowledge on hematologic disorders
Authors: SILVA Camila Anselmo da , SANTANA Cláudio Leite de , ANDRADE Rita de Cássia Dias Viana , FRAGA Taís de Lima e , PRADO Fabio Ornellas
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the knowledge level of undergraduate dentistry students of UESB on hematological disorders and their implications in the treatment of the patient. Methods: This is a descriptive, quantitative and cross-sectional study in which a questionnaire with 16 questions was used as a data collection instrument. The study subjects were 192 students enrolled at UESB Dentistry Course. For data analysis, SPSS statistical software (version 16.0) was used. Results: The response rate was 87.5%. Only 54.2% of respondents reported having information about blood disorders and 78% considered themselves not enough informed, fact observed through the low percentage of right answers in a knowledge test. Conclusion: The level of knowledge of UESB Dentistry academics on hematological disorders is insufficient and there isn't a gradual increment of this knowledge throughout the semesters, polarized mainly in the 6th and 10th semester.
Interpretação de ambiguidades de escolares de Embu das Artes (SP) nascidos com baixo peso
Authors: Pessoa Rebeca Rodrigues , Araújo Sarah Cueva Cândido Soares de , Isotani Selma Mie , Puccini Rosana Fiorini , Perissinoto Jacy
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Observar o desenvolvimento de linguagem quanto às habilidades de reconhecer e interpretar ambiguidades lexicais, em escolares nascidos com baixo peso e inseridos na rede de ensino do município de Embu das Artes (São Paulo/SP) em comparação a escolares nascidos com peso adequado. Método Estudo retrospectivo, transversal, caso-controle de 378 escolares, de 5 a 9,9 anos, de ambos os gêneros, da rede municipal de ensino de Embu das Artes (SP). Grupo Pesquisa/GP de 210 escolares, nascidos com peso inferior a 2500 gramas/g. Grupo Controle/GC de 168 escolares, nascidos com peso maior ou igual a 2500g. Por meio do Test of Language Competence, os grupos foram comparados quanto às habilidades de: reconhecer e interpretar verbalmente sentenças que contenham ambiguidade. Variáveis de interesse: idade e gênero das crianças; idade e escolaridade maternas. Análises estatísticas: descritiva para a caracterização da amostra e pontuação por grupo; t-Student para a comparação entre as pontuações totais de cada habilidade/subteste; quiquadrado para comparação por itens de cada subteste; e regressão mútipla para análise das variáveis intervenientes. Resultados O GP teve menor pontuação em sentenças que continham ambiguidade, quando comparado ao GC. Na análise de regressão múltipla, no GC e no GP a idade atual da criança foi fator preditor para todas as habilidades metalinguísticas de interpretação de ambiguidades. Conclusão O GP teve menor pontuação do que o GC para habilidades de Ambiguidades no total e em item específico. O fator idade atual da criança interferiu positivamente no GC e no GP para as habilidades de Ambiguidades.
Potenciais evocados auditivos corticais em neonatos nascidos a termo e pré-termo
Authors: Melo Ândrea de , Biaggio Eliara Pinto Vieira , Rechia Inaê Costa , Sleifer Pricila
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Mensurar os potenciais exógenos do potencial evocado auditivo cortical (PEAC) em neonatos nascidos a termo e pré-termo, além de compará-los, considerando as variáveis latência e amplitude dos componentes. Método Estudo transversal, prospectivo, contemporâneo e comparativo. Foram avaliados 127 neonatos; destes, foram considerados 96, após análise dos exames por três juízes, distribuídos em dois grupos: Grupo Termo: 66 neonatos e Grupo Pré-termo: 30 neonatos. Os registros do PEAC foram feitos com os neonatos posicionados no colo da mãe e/ou responsável, em sono natural, por meio de eletrodos de superfície. Foram apresentados estímulos verbais binauralmente, sendo /ba/ o estímulo frequente e /ga/ o estímulo raro, na intensidade de 70 dBNA, por meio de fones de inserção. Foi analisada a presença ou ausência dos componentes exógenos em ambos os grupos, bem como, latência e amplitude de P1 e N1. Para análise dos dados, utilizaram-se os testes pertinentes. Resultados A latência da onda P1 bilateralmente e N1 na orelha esquerda foi menor no Grupo Termo. No entanto, não houve diferença estatisticamente significante quanto à amplitude de P1 e N1 entre os grupos. Na comparação entre presença e ausência dos componentes P2 e N2, também não foi observada diferença entre os grupos. Conclusão É possível mensurar os PEAC, em neonatos nascidos a termo e pré-termo. Verificou-se influência do processo maturacional apenas na medida da latência dos componentes P1 bilateralmente e N1 na orelha esquerda, sendo estas menores no Grupo Termo.
Mapping iron oxides with Landsat-8/OLI and EO-1/Hyperion imagery from the Serra Norte iron deposits in the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil
Authors: Ducart Diego Fernando , Silva Adalene Moreira , Toledo Catarina Labouré Bemfica , Assis Luciano Mozer de
Published: October 2016

ABSTRACT: Mapping methods for iron oxides and clay minerals, using Landsat-8/Operational Land Imager (OLI) and Earth Observing 1 (EO-1)/Hyperion imagery integrated with airborne geophysical data, were applied in the N4, N5, and N4WS iron deposits, Serra Norte, Carajás, Brazil. Band ratios were achieved on Landsat-8/OLI imagery, allowing the recognition of the main minerals from iron deposits. The Landsat-8/OLI imagery showed a robust performance for iron oxide exploration, even in vegetated shrub areas. Feature extraction and Spectral Angle Mapper hyperspectral classification methods were carried out on EO-1/Hyperion imagery with good results for mapping high-grade iron ore, the hematite-goethite ratio, and clay minerals from regolith. The EO-1/Hyperion imagery proved an excellent tool for fast remote mineral mapping in open-pit areas, as well as mapping waste and tailing disposal facilities. An unsupervised classification was carried out on a data set consisting of EO-1/Hyperion visible near-infrared 74 bands, Landsat-8/OLI-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Laser Imaging Detection and Ranging-derived Digital Terrain Model, and high-resolution airborne geophysical data (gamma ray spectrometry, Tzz component of gradiometric gravimetry data). This multisource classification proved to be an adequate alternative for mapping iron oxides in vegetated shrub areas and to enhance the geology of the regolith and mineralized areas.
Adaptação transcultural do Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngectomy (SECEL) para o Português Brasileiro
Authors: Fahl Gabriela Bassani , Goulart Bárbara Niegia Garcia de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivo Adaptar transculturalmente o questionário Self-Evaluation of Communication Experiences after Laryngectomy (SECEL) para o português do Brasil e aplicar esta primeira versão da adaptação em pacientes. Métodos Inicialmente, o instrumento foi traduzido do inglês para o português por um profissional de saúde e por um professor de inglês com experiência em tradução, de forma independente. Ambas as traduções foram semelhantes e usaram palavras e expressões similares. Posteriormente, nova versão foi criada, a partir da compilação das anteriores, e reconvertida para o inglês por um profissional de saúde e um falante do português, que tinha o inglês como língua nativa, também de forma independente. As retrotraduções foram reunidas em um documento único, que foi enviado para o autor que desenvolveu o questionário original. Após a aprovação do autor, o questionário foi aplicado em 39 pacientes submetidos à laringectomia total, com, pelo menos, um ano de pós-operatório. Resultados O primeiro bloco do questionário – Questões Gerais – revelou-se menos adequado; o segundo bloco de questões – Aspectos Ambientais – apresentou alta correção e o terceiro – Questões Atitudinais – apresentou a maior correlação. Conclusão O primeiro passo da validação do questionário em português – tradução, adaptação cultural e análise preliminar dos resultados, identificando falhas nas perguntas – foi realizado. A nova proposta, após o pré-teste do instrumento, foi apresentada para aplicação em uma população representativa do Brasil.
Qualidade da água e índice trófico em rio de ecossistema tropical sob impacto ambiental
Authors: Abreu Carlos Henrique Medeiros de , Cunha Alan Cavalcanti
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi quantificar a variabilidade espacial-temporal de 20 parâmetros físicos, químicos e microbiológicos da qualidade da água (incluindo o índice de estado trófico - IET) no Baixo Rio Jari, Amapá, típico de ecossistemas de várzea. Amostras de água foram coletadas trimestralmente em um trecho de 80 km de extensão do rio, entre setembro de 2013 e junho de 2014. Após análises, esses parâmetros foram comparados com valores estabelecidos pela Resolução CONAMA nº 357/2005 (Classe 2). Análises multivariadas (correlação, Kruskall-Wallis e cluster hierárquico) mostraram que o único parâmetro que variou espacialmente foi o oxigênio dissolvido (OD) (p<0,05), devido à forte influência da reaeração no trecho. Por outro lado, os demais parâmetros - cor, turbidez, condutividade elétrica, demanda bioquímica de oxigênio (DBO), NH3, P, pH, SO4, Mg, Cl-, coliformes termotolerantes (CT), Escherichia coli e clorofila-a - apresentaram apenas variação temporal significativa (p<0,05). Conclui-se que variação do IET ocorreu entre oligotrófico, mesotrófico e ultraoligotrófico, e os parâmetros cor, CT e E. coli estavam em não conformidade com a legislação, sugerindo influência relativa, mas significativa, tanto de impactos ambientais (urbanos, indústrias e da usina hidrelétrica Santo Antônio do Jari) quanto hidrológicos. Isso explica não só a variação sazonal de CT, E. coli e cor no período mais chuvoso (p<0,05), mas também a correlação entre cor, turbidez, temperatura, OD, Cl-, NH3, Mg, DBO, SO4, pH, E. coli, CT e clorofila-a ao longo do ciclo hidrológico e dinâmica sazonal (p<0,05), influenciando indiretamente o comportamento sazonal do IET (p<0,05).
Critérios de projeto e benefícios esperados da implantação de técnicas compensatórias em drenagem urbana para controle de escoamentos na fonte, com base em modelagem computacional aplicada a um estudo de caso na zona oeste do Rio de Janeiro
Authors: Vasconcelos Anaí Floriano , Miguez Marcelo Gomes , Vazquez Elaine Garrido
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O processo de urbanização resulta em alterações no ciclo hidrológico prejudiciais à população. Para amenizar esses efeitos, as técnicas compensatórias em drenagem urbana visam à maior sustentabilidade hidrológica na expansão urbana. Nesse sentido, este artigo teve como objetivos avaliar, por meio de modelagem computacional, o efeito da adoção dessas técnicas na escala de lote e da bacia hidrográfica e avançar com diferentes possibilidades de concepção de projeto. A modelagem foi realizada para diversos cenários, considerando a implantação das técnicas de forma isolada e combinada. Os parâmetros utilizados na modelagem visaram verificar possibilidades extremas de aplicação, de modo a disponibilizar dados para balizamento de projetos reais. As chuvas avaliadas possuem variadas durações e intensidades, facilitando a extrapolação dos resultados deste trabalho para bacias hidrográficas de diferentes escalas. Os resultados das simulações indicam potenciais benefícios na drenagem urbana oriundos do uso dessas técnicas no lote, com mais efetividade para as menores chuvas de projeto. Esse foi o caso dos cenários que avaliaram os jardins rebaixados isoladamente ou combinados em série com um reservatório de lote e os cenários de pavimentos permeáveis na calçada que receberiam o escoamento superficial do lote adjacente. Também foi verificado que a combinação paralela de um reservatório de lote com as dimensões propostas pela legislação municipal e um jardim rebaixado em 0,07 m seria capaz de neutralizar, hidrologicamente, os impactos da ocupação do lote para todas as chuvas de projeto analisadas, entretanto o reservatório proposto pela legislação municipal, quando adotado isoladamente, quase não atuou na escala da bacia..
Tendências no processamento de frangos de corte: uso racional da água
Authors: Bailone Ricardo Lacava , Roça Roberto Oliveira
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Atualmente o uso racional da água vem sendo tema de discussão perante órgãos governamentais e não governamentais ao redor do mundo. Seguindo essa tendência, leis cada vez mais severas devem ser implantadas em relação ao uso desse bem natural. Em um frigorífico de frango, o uso da água ocorre de forma generalizada ao longo de todo o processo industrial. Nesse contexto, o atual estudo teve o objetivo de comparar o consumo de água em um frigorífico brasileiro de frangos de corte (grande porte) com modelos já propostos e utilizados em outros países com o intuito de identificar soluções para mitigar perdas provenientes de sua má gestão. Concluiu-se que alterações em alguns pontos-chave do processamento possibilitariam à indústria o uso mais sustentável da água, como substituição da eletronarcose por insensibilização a gás, diminuição da dimensão do tanque de escaldagem ou mudança no processo, substituição do pré-resfriamento por imersão em água por pré-resfriamento a ar, redução da renovação de água nos tanques resfriadores, alterações no sistema de geração do frio em ambientes climatizados, assim como o reúso total ou parcial da água.
Desidratação e composição química do feno de Leucena (Leucena leucocephala) e Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium)
Authors: BAYÃO Geraldo Fábio Viana , EDVAN Ricardo Loiola , CARNEIRO Maria Socorro de Souza , FREITAS Natylane Eufransino , PEREIRA Elzânia Sales , Filgueira PACHECO,Weverton , BEZERRA Leilson Rocha , ARAÚJO Marcos Jácome de
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar a composição química e tempo para atingir o ponto de fenação da Leucena (Leucena leucocephala) e Gliricidia (Gliricidia sepium). Foram coletadas amostras nos tempos 0, 2, 4, 6, 8,10, 12, 14, e 16 horas de secagem para obtenção da curva de desidratação para cada espécie de forragem. O delineamento adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com nove tratamentos (9 tempos de desidratação x três repetições). Os dados referentes às características morfológicas da espécie foram submetidos à análise estatística de variância e as médias foram comparadas pelo teste de Tukey a 1% de probabilidade. Para a curva de desidratação em função do tempo, os dados foram submetidos à análise de regressão. A relação folha:caule foi maior para a Gliricidia no tempo 16 horas de desidratação (P<0,05). As taxas de desidratação da amostra composta, vagem, colmo e folha composta da Gliricidia e Leucena apresentaram efeito linear crescente (P<0,05) com a Leucena mais eficiente na desidratação. Os teores de matéria seca da Gliricidia e Leucena foram, respectivamente, de 91,24% e 91,32%, enquanto os teores de proteína bruta foram de 18,64% e 17,7%. Os teores de fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteína foram de 49,86% e 49,07%, e os teores de proteína insolúvel em detergente neutro foram de 1,01% e 1,77%. O tempo para atingir o ponto de feno da Leucena e da Gliricidia foi de 16 horas. A composição nutricional dos fenos de Leucena e Gliricidia apresentaram-se satisfatórios para serem fornecidos na alimentação de animais ruminantes.
Lisina digestível em rações para frangos de corte tipo caipira
Authors: OLIVEIRA Renata Gomes , PINHEIRO Sandra Regina Freitas , COSTA Leonardo da Silva , PIRES Aldrin Vieira , VIEIRA Dayane Josiane , CASTRO Mariana Resende , ABREU Luiza Rodrigues Alves , SIQUEIRA Jefferson Costa
Published: October 2016

RESUMO Dois experimentos foram realizados com o objetivo de determinar as exigências de lisina digestível para frangos tipo caipira, linhagem Redbro machos e fêmeas, criados em semiconfinamento durante as fases de crescimento (43 a 56) e final (57 a 70 dias). Para isso, 630 frangos foram alojados em 30 boxes com área de pastejo e o delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 5x2 (lisina digestível e sexo) e três repetições com 21 aves cada. Os níveis de lisina digestível avaliados foram: 6,07; 7,07; 8,07; 9,07 e 10,07g/kg (fase de crescimento) e 6,00; 7,00; 8,00; 9,00 e 10,00g/kg (fase final). Avaliou-se o desempenho, o rendimento de carcaça e cortes, gordura abdominal e características da qualidade da carne. Para a fase de crescimento não houve diferenças dos níveis de lisina sobre o desempenho dos frangos, exceto para o consumo de lisina digestível. Portanto, o nível de 6,07 g de lisina digestível/kg de ração atende as exigências dos frangos de ambos os sexos. Para a fase final observou-se efeito dos níveis de lisina digestível somente para a conversão alimentar, sendo o nível de 8,51 g de lisina /kg de ração o que melhora essa variável.
Otimização da pecuária nacional de forma sustentável
Authors: NATEL Andressa Santanna , FAUSTO Daiane Aparecida , ARAGÃO Thiago Ricielli de Paula , ABDALLA Adibe Luiz
Published: October 2016

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o uso de nitrato de cálcio em substituição ao farelo de soja em dieta de ruminantes sobre a mitigação do metano entérico visando determinar os custos com a dieta do animal e os custos marginais de abatimento de carbono. O estudo foi realizado em duas fases, na primeira foi avaliado o potencial de mitigação de metano do nitrato por produção de gases in vitro. Os dados de mitigação de metano foram utilizados na segunda fase, que simulou uma propriedade leiteira com três sistemas de alimentação controle, sem nitrato, e sistemas com inclusão de 1,5 e 3% de nitrato na dieta. Foram utilizadas planilhas de cálculo para avaliar os custos e receitas de cada sistema com vendas de crédito de carbono resultantes da redução de metano ao final de 10 anos. O valor presente líquido (VPL) e a taxa interna de retorno (TIR) foram os índices utilizados na avaliação financeira. A venda de crédito de carbono não alterou o VPL, no entanto a inclusão de nitrato a 1,5 e 3% na dieta animal mostrou-se economicamente viável, pois reduziu o valor das dietas (R$ 5,89 e 5,81/vaca/dia, respectivamente) em comparação com a dieta controle (R$ 6,13 /vaca/dia), além de contribuir para redução de gases de efeito estufa. Portanto, a suplementação de nitrato,como fonte de nitrogênio não protéico, em dietas para ruminantes, além de reduz a produção de metano possibilitou uma sensível redução no custo variável da atividade.
Innovation partnership procurement: EU directive impact
Authors: Eadie Robert , Potts Samuel
Published: October 2016

In consultations prior to the UK government’s response to changes to the EU procurement directives, the impact and innovation of small to medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) were examined to try to ensure a positive impact across the industry. To produce innovation, a new innovation partnership procedure was introduced. Subsequent to publication of the procedure, this paper examines perceptions from tenderers and the government. Seventy-one completed questionnaire responses were received from tenderers, with a further 19 from government procurers. The findings indicate that 69% of tenderers intend involvement in the future, but the government is evenly split on the ability to use the procedure and is unsure as to its benefits. While the majority considered that little change would result in relation to value for money, speed of innovation to market and increase in innovative solutions, more were positive than negative towards the procedure. Even though economic operators are keen to use it, there is little desire for its use within government departments, despite the fact that considering it would increase SME involvement.