bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sniffing VOCs emitted by books
Authors: Agapiou Agapios , Barlet Chloe , Stylianou Marinos , Andreou Chrysafis
Published: November 2022

Headspace solid-phase micro extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC/MS) was performed for the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from books. Towards this, books of different ages were examined (old = 50-300 years and new = 2-25 years) using a CAR/PDMS fiber. The examined books were placed into an in-house made glass sampling chamber, where they remained enclosed for 24 h prior to SPME sampling and subsequent analysis. SPME is a green and non-destructive preconcentration technique based on the absorption of analytes on a fiber coating placed inside the sample’s headspace volume. The results were in line with previous reports; the most prominent VOCs released from old books were furfural, acetic acid, and acetone, whereas new books emitted toluene, acetone, and heptanal. This natural process takes place over time due to the decay of paper and degradation of ink and its mitigation is important for the preservation of texts that are considered cultural heritage. The method can be leveraged for monitoring the decay process, as well as the effect of external pollution on the books.
CIRC4FooD: An urban food production system inspired by the circular economy
Authors: Tsatsou Alexandra , Ioannides Christos , Noutsopoulos Constantinos , Tsimiklis Georgios , Chrisomallos George , Tsiropoulos Zisis , Mamais Daniel , Malamis Simos
Published: November 2022

The environmental footprint of the current, linear food system is a key challenge that must be faced for a global transition to sustainability. Agricultural practices are drivers of polluting food production, while cities form critical hubs of wasteful food consumption. In this context, urban farming has emerged as a promising practice for shortening supply chains while building urban resilience. The aim of this paper is to present CIRC4FooD, a system for urban food production inspired by the Circular Economy, aiming at reducing the use of resources and environmental impact of food production and consumption in the city. Its circular urban farming approach is comprised of three main elements: rainwater collection installations, composting devices and precision agriculture sensors that collect data and inform the community about the water/fertilizer needs and growth of the vegetables. The CIRC4FooD system is currently being piloted in three scales at the city of Trikala in Greece: private vegetable gardens (small scale), mobile farming beds (medium scale) and urban public space (large scale). The expected results include the optimization of the water harvesting installations and precision agriculture software, as well as the development of an integrated, circular urban farming system widely available to cities and citizens.
Analysis of fungal bioaerosols in Athens: a pilot study.
Authors: Metaxatos Angelina , Manibusan Sydonia , Mainelis Gediminas
Published: November 2022

This pilot study is the first attempt to describe the bioaerosol composition found in Athens' urban air by DNA barcoding. There are currently limitations in establishing a direct link between fungal exposure and health effects due to shortcomings of existing sampling and analysis methods, among other reasons. New sampling technologies and molecular techniques can achieve a better understanding of this link.
We collected airborne samples using Rutgers Electrostatic Passive Sampler (REPS). We studied the taxonomy, diversity, and frequency of captured airborne fungal particles by extracting and purifying fungal DNA present in samples and then sequencing it. Four sampling campaigns were conducted in 2019 and one in 2020 at the National Observatory of Athens meteorological and environmental station of Thisseion. Five samples plus two controls were used each time. Sequence analyses are now routine in systematics, taxonomy, and fungi ecology, with the nuclear ribosomal operon being the most frequently targeted genetic region. The variable spacers ITS1 and ITS2, jointly or separately, are often species-specific. Thus, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region was our primary choice for molecular identification of fungi. We detected 13 classes of two phyla (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) and approximately 133.000 OTUs. The dominant classes (>10.000 OTUs) were Dothideomycetes, Malasseziomycetes, Leotiomycetes, and Microbotryomycetes.
Tackling single-use plastic items in the Mediterranean
Authors: Xirou Hara , Sherrington Chris , Bapasola Ayesha
Published: November 2022

Overall, plastics are estimated to account for around 95% of the waste in the open sea, on the seabed and on beaches across the Mediterranean. In the Mediterranean, it is estimated an annual plastic leakage of 229,000 tonnes, made up of 94% macroplastics and 6% microplastics [1]. The scope of this paper is to support the development of policy measures and guidelines to reduce/prevent the negative impacts associated with Single Use Plastics (SUP), by presenting information on the production, consumption, end of life management and impacts associated with selected SUP items across the Mediterranean region at present and illustrating the potential effects of different policy measures to reduce these impacts in the Mediterranean context. The research and analysis presented focuses on key SUPs in four Mediterranean countries, namely: beverage bottles, inc. caps and lids; food containers (bowls, clamshells, trays); straws; and cigarette filters in Greece, Egypt, Morocco and Montenegro. The design of policy measures to eliminate or reduce the consumption of problematic single use plastics must, inter alia, take into account the necessity for the item in question, and, where relevant, the availability of alternative products and systems to switch to [2]. The overall recommendations to consider for the policy guidelines, cover: improving waste collection/ separation – particularly along coastal areas and waterways; the use of bans and levies of SUP products to maximise effect; ensuring implementation of Deposit-Refund Systems (DRS) for beverage containers to support increased recycling rates, reduced littering of deposit-bearing containers, a reliable supply of high-quality recycled material, reduced greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants; and increased employment.
Uncertainty aspects of 2D flood modelling in a benchmark case study
Authors: Bellos Vasilis , Tsihrintzis Vassilios
Published: November 2022

In this study, we investigate the contribution of several uncertainty drivers towards the total uncertainty of a 2D flood model, in a benchmark case study under steady flow conditions. The simulator used for the analysis is the in-house FLOW-R2D software, whilst the benchmark case study consists of a compound trapezoidal channel, which represents the main channel and the floodplains. Unlike the conventional taxonomy of the uncertainty sources (input data, parametric and structural), we define five drivers: a) the forcing driver which consists of the inflow to the computational domain; b) the geometric driver which depends on the topography of the case study; c) the physical driver which incorporates all the parameters required to describe a physical process (such as friction); d) the computational driver which includes the parameters needed for computational reasons (e.g. space step); e) the structural driver which is metric for the weakness of the numerical model to capture an idealized analytical solution or observed data, due to the abstraction from reality. For the quantification of each driver contribution, we present the Uncertainty Index, which is based on the stochastic Monte Carlo technique.
Acute toxicity of polystyrene microplastics and cobalt assessed individually or in combination on “Amphibalanus amphitrite”
Authors: NOUSHEEN RABIA , Rittschof Daniel , Hashmi Imran
Published: November 2022

Study was carried out to assess the ecotoxicity and interaction of polystyrene (PS) microspheres and trace element, cobalt (Co). Stage II nauplii of Amphibalanus amphitrite were exposed to environmentally relevant (250 and 1000 particles/ml) and future high (2000 particles/ml) concentrationss of 3µm PS microspheres in 3 different forms (unwashed, washed and aged). Series concentrations of Co were prepared, 24h LD50 was determined and 0.01, 0.1 and 1ppm Co concentrations were selected for use in individual and combined toxicity assays. It was found that microspheres of all types did not significantly affect the survival of nauplii (Mortality≤20%) at low concentrations. With increase in no. of particles in the medium (upto 2000 particles/ml), treatments consisting of unwashed and aged particles resulted in percentage mortality as high as 39% and 56% respectively however washed particles were still nontoxic. r. With regards to Co, mortality appeared to be a linear function of concentration.. When nauplii were exposed to a mixture of PS and Co, there was a shift in percentage mortality either towards low or high. Percentage mortality after combined exposure to Co at 0.01 ppm and unwashed/washed particles at 250 particles/ml was 13% and 37% greater than the mortality at same concentration of Co alone however with increase in no. of particles in the medium, a decrease in toxicity of cobalt was observed. Antagonistic effect of microplastics was more pronounced in the presence of aged particles and when present at 2000 particles/ml, toxicity of 1 ppm Co dropped down to half It is concluded that aging of microplastics, which is a real environment scenario, reduces the toxicity of cobalt even if present in higher concentrations in the environment.
A topographical approach to survey environmental adaptation assessment on a mountain trail as a pathway to local prosperity
Authors: Stergiadou Anastasia , Moutsopoulos Dimitrios , Psilovikos Thomas
Published: November 2022

Mountainous trails represent unique ways into the wild nature. No matter the difficulties or the hours of reaching the end point of a mountain trail; the joy of hiking to desirable and adventurous places makes the hikers the happiest persons. The need of a topographical approach to survey mountainous trail lead us to use TruePulse 360B – laser technology techniques and digitally mapping in order to select and analyze a trail in a forested area based on environmental adaptation assessment. Since ancient times mountain trails were pathways to local prosperity because they were used for commercial trades. In modern world mountain trails are used for hiking, recreational walks in nature, as an introduction way of new ages in the wild forests by persons in wheelchairs or disable people (deaf, blind, down- syndrome, etc). The aim of this paper is not only to provide a digital map for visiting and exploring the natural beauty near by the Wild Life Museum of various tourist teams especially disable ones; in order to manage the wild trails for the benefit and prosperity of the local community; but also to examine the environmental adaptation of this trail by taking into consideration the protection of the nature.
Practical impediments to the effective utilization of Ballast Water Management Plan from Port facilities and Shipping practice
Authors: BOVIATSIS MICHAEL , Polemis Dionisios , Tselentis Vasileios
Published: November 2022

Since the new Ballast Water Management Convention entered into force in 2017, the ballast water should be cleansed of any harmful aquatic organisms, pathogens, wastes or even bacteria, before being released into a new aquatic environment. For this purpose, the ships are required to carry i) a ballast water management plan with detailed descriptions upon the implementation of the Convention's requirements, ii) a ballast water record book, clearly stating the release spots and stations of ballast water and iii) an International Water management certificate, stating if the ship should abide the D-1 or D-2 standards. The research questions of this paper are, i) should these standards apply when ballast water is released into more aggressive aquatic environments than the one that the outgoing ballast was collected? ii) how a port authority will be able to enforce the Convention's rules when the water release happens in open waters and how a vessel can be criminalized? iii) Are the Port Facilities prepared and equipped in a global spectrum with the necessary tools to handle the ships’ demand on waste water unloading? iv) is the creation of an aquatic map stating the level of threat the local organisms pose to other aquatic environments viable and how this will help with the decrease of ballast water management processes.
Rapidly growing cities and critical environmental issues: An evaluation model to support policy-making
Authors: Nesticò Antonio , Somma Piera , Maselli Gabriella , Naddeo Vincenzo
Published: November 2022

The use of multi-criteria analysis methods as a decision support tool plays a crucial role in defining spatial policies oriented towards environmental quality enhancement, social and cultural development, and economic feasibility. In order to support sustainable city governance processes, purpose of this research is to define an innovative model for the selection of urban regeneration projects. Innovative elements concern both the sequence of calculation algorithms, based on a rational and repeatable hierarchical scheme, and the selection of criteria and corresponding evaluation indicators, to be referred specifically to the analysis of investments for rapidly growing cities with strong environmental issues.
The Implementation of Risk Management processes as a contributing factor to the minimization of shipping disasters through the study of previous shipping accidents
Authors: BOVIATSIS MICHAEL , Vlachos George
Published: November 2022

Environmental disasters can maliciously affect property, human lives and even entire ecosystems. The magnitude and extent of such a disaster can lead to uncertainty about who is liable and how the restoration of the environmental damage will be achieved. The implementation of Risk Management processes enables us to combine our available information and resources and learn how to avoid such problems in the future. In shipping industry, oil spills from tanker vessels constitute the most severe threat to local and global ecosystem. When an oil spill happens, it usually spreads rapidly and is affected by weather and sea currents. Without prompt treatment it can cause huge disasters in the local aquatic ecosystem and human property altogether. This paper will assess the famous accident of Exxon Valdez based on Risk Assessment Methods and more specifically with the method of Root Cause Analysis to identify and measure the effect of each contributing factor to each accident and with Failure Mode Effect Analysis to identify the best solutions to minimize such risks in the future.
Environmental LCA and Carbon Footprint of Cauliflower as Produced in Southeast Spain
Authors: Aguayo Encarna , Rasines Laura , San Miguel Guillermo , Molina-García Ángel , Artés-Hernández Francisco , Hontoria Eloy
Published: November 2022

Southern Spain has an optimal climate for growing fruits and vegetables. Over 39,534 ha are currently dedicated to the production of cauliflower and broccoli in Spain, 33% of which correspond to the Region of Murcia. This type of intensive agriculture causes environmental impacts which must be quantified and minimized as much as possible. This study details the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of cauliflower production with a cradle-to-farm-gate approach using precise and updated primary data from local producers. Foreground inventory data was collected for the nursery and on-field stages, including energy use, consumption, application and diffusion of fertilizers and pesticides, machinery and transport to the packaging center. Ecoinvent v3.6 datasets were adapted to the characteristics of the system for background inventory and the EF 3.0 method was used for evaluation. The carbon footprint of 1 kg of cauliflower was estimated at 91.2 g CO2eq. Impact values for the same functional unit in other categories were as follows: Photochemical ozone formation 3.33E-04 kg NMVOC eq., Acidification 3.41E-04 mol H+ eq., Freshwater eutrophication 2.27E-05 kg P eq. The mitigation practices in cauliflower production should focus on energy use during irrigation and reduced use of pesticides.
Fir decline and necrosis: the role of climate change and forest fires
Authors: Pantera Anastasia , Papadopoulos Andreas , Sotiriou Chrisoula
Published: November 2022

Chronologies of tree-ring widths of living and dead trees were analyzed from a stand of Cephalonian f ir, located in an adjacent to a burned by a forest fire area. The
purpose of the research was to investigate, from a dendroecological point of view, the fir forest dieback phenomenon, but also the role of forest fires in the evolution of the phenomenon. The result s show that the dead fir trees lag in tree-ring width growth. The abrupt growth change in tree-ring width in the dead trees 1-2 years
before necrosis, indicates that forest fires accelerate the evolution of the phenomenon. It seems that f orest f ires, besides the immediate destruction of fir forests, accelerate the necrosis of fir trees, which is primarily ca used by the
observed increase in drought and tempera ture due to climate change.
On the geochemistry of Gialova lagoon, SW Peloponnesus, Greece
Authors: Papatheodorou George , Papakonstantinou Maria , Sergiou Spyros , Dimas Xenofon , Fakiris Elias , Christodoulou Dimitris , Geraga Maria
Published: November 2022

The spatial distribution of lithological characteristics, organic carbon and major / trace elements was studied in the surface sediments of the Gialova lagoon, a shallow water lagoon (<1.0 m) which is located at southwestern Peloponnesus (Greece). The sediment samples were collected on the basis of a detailed bathymetric map and the backscatter properties of the lagoon floor acquired using high resolution side scan sonar on board of an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (U.S.V.). Four main geochemical phases were identified based on the elements – grain size – organic carbon associations. Geoaccumulation index (Igeo) was estimated for heavy metal concentrations showed low to moderate contamination for Mo, Pb, Ni, and Cr.
Updating hydrologic studies and the impact on hydraulic design
Authors: DANIIL Ekaterini , MICHAS Spyridon
Published: November 2022

Flood events causing damages, fatalities, trigger new flood protection studies. Updated hydrologic study conforming with recent develop¬ments is required. Implementation of 2007/60/EU Directive led to Preliminary Flood Risk Assessment and Flood Risk Management Plans, establishment of related guidelines and point precipitation IDF relations for all stations in Greece, often giving higher rainfall depths. Use of the CN method for hydrologic losses gives more than proportional increases in the resulting discharge predictions. Comparing past and future conditions (2000-2018) has been facilitated by available landcover data through the Copernicus program, while designer's judgment is still needed to predict further trends in land practices/ urban development. Evaluation of climate change effect is often required for project financing. Main issues are sea level rise, increase of precipitation extremes, associated landslide risk. Current predictions involve high uncertainty. Precipitation trends investigated reveal no evidence of climate change effect, due to limited records. It is suggested that confidence limits are used instead. Urban networks designed for low return periods is difficult to be upgraded. Main watercourses' flood protection design has to account for the anticipated worsening of runoff to achieve the required level of flood protection and resilience. Case studies for two major streams in Greece are presented.
Assessing small & medium-sized enterprises’ resilience capacity to flooding: Evidence from a structural equation model
Authors: Skouloudis A. , Evangelinos K. , Vouros P. , Nikolaou I. , Tsalis t.
Published: November 2022

In this study a model that comprises of factors linked to the resilience capacity of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to flooding is tested. A sample of 343 enterprises from flood-prone areas was administered a structured questionnaire on cognitive, managerial and contextual factors that influence the ability to shape effective responses to flood challenges. Structural Equation Modeling is employed to identify associations between the various observed items forming the individual latent sub-constructs, as well as the associations between these latent sub-constructs with the flood resilience capacity construct (FRCI). Findings reveal that the major contributor to the FRCI is the sub-construct of ‘behavioral/managerial’ factors (beta = 0.893; p-value<0.001). Moderate associations are observed with the ‘cognitive’ factors (beta = 0.157; p-value<0.1), whereas no associations are found with the ‘contextual’ parameters linked to FRCI. Through the proposed approach, an analytical framework is set forth that will help standardize such assessments with an overarching aim of reducing the vulnerability of SMEs to flooding. This is achieved by identifying major internal and external attributes explaining the resilience capacity which is particularly important given the limited resources these enterprises have at their disposal and that they tend to be primary sources of vulnerabilities in supply chain networks.
Do pro-environmental attitudes affect the adoption of flying cars in touristic regions?
Authors: Koumoutsidi Annitsa , Pagoni Ioanna , Polydoropoulou Amalia
Published: November 2022

The decarbonization of the transportation sector requires the adoption of low-carbon power sources and technological progress in vehicles’ energy efficiency. Flying cars constitute innovative transport modes that have exploited technological advancements such as electrification to provide a more sustainable urban and inter-urban landscape. Existing literature has focused on the technical characteristics, while few studies have investigated flying cars in terms of their environmental footprint. In tandem, research on the adoption of flying car and its relationship with their environmental aspects is still scarce. This paper aims at enhancing the current literature by investigating whether end-users environmental attitudes might affect their perception towards flying cars. To achieve this, a questionnaire survey was conducted gathering attitudes and perceptions regarding flying cars from 202 people. The collected data are used to estimate a regression model explaining the effect of their pro-environmental attitudes on their perception towards flying cars. Results indicate that flying cars’ perceived environmental footprint and low income affect negatively the perception towars them, while females seem to be more positive with this concept.
Average seasonal soil erosion and sediment deposition in the Aliakmon and Axios river catchments using the RUSLE model
Authors: Kitsiou D. , Pataki Z. , Patera A. , Kontopoulos C. , Karantanellis E. , Nitis T. , Kostopoulou M. , Grammalidis N. , Tzepkenlis A. , Charalampopoulou B.
Published: November 2022

Anthropogenic pressures in coastal areas are responsible for various problems that might cause degradation of their environmental status and limitations in the provision of their ecosystem services. In this framework, the assessment of soil erosion and sediment deposition is of major importance since they have significant environmental and economic impact. In this paper, the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE model) was used to assess the average seasonal soil erosion and sediment deposition in the Aliakmon and Axios river catchments in Thermaikos Gulf, Northern Greece; areas of important environmental and economic value. The RUSLE is an empirical model which in combination with GIS and remote sensing is able to estimate soil erosion through the prediction of long-term seasonal soil loss and sediment deposition.
Benthic megalitter detection using unmanned surface vehicle (USV) and Automatic Target Detection: A case study in the Port of Thessaloniki, Thermaikos Gulf
Authors: Papatheodorou G , Kouvara Konstantina , Kosmopoulou A , Fakiris E , Geraga M , Dimas X , Maurommatis N , Christodoulou Dimitirs , Xirotagarou P
Published: November 2022

In the port of Thessaloniki, Greece, benthic megalitter detection was achieved using an Unmanned Surface Vehicle (USV) equipped with a compact high resolution sidescan sonar (SSS) and a single beam echsosounder (SBES). The benthic megalitter survey was organized in two separate phases. Firstly, a systematic hydroacoustic survey using the SBES and SSS managed to outline and map all the acoustic anomalies. The second phase followed using the ROV hovered over these acoustic anomalies and the sites were identified on the video camera. An Automated Target Detection procedure, based on acoustic texture analysis and Independent Component Analysis (ICA), was applied for the automated detection of acoustic anomalies. The ground truth survey attested that the anomalies represent megalitter (metallic items, car tires, wires, e.t.c.). The developed procedure had promising results towards fast detection of the benthic megalitter in coastal areas.
Nothing to Waste: A Green Venture Business Model supporting local communities to Circular Economy pathways
Authors: TRITOPOULOU EFI , Malliaris Markos , Cretsi Bacolas Natali
Published: November 2022

Nothing-to-Waste is a green venture about the promotion and implementation of circular economy in the area of Western Thessaloniki, Greece, where 24 businesses are attempting to self-manage their waste in sustainable way. The project is being planned, implemented, coordinated and monitored by NoWaste21, a non-profit enterprise running projects in circular economy, sustainable waste management and recycling. The project uses an integrated approach that includes the implementation of a pilot separate collection program by setting up 29 green points with bins for the separate collection of 6 different waste streams: paper, PET bottles, other plastics & metals and Tetrapak packaging, electrical & electronic equipment, household batteries, and cooking oils. Concurrently, the project includes an educational and training program of businesses and their employees to raise awareness on circular economy principles and ensure their active participation. Preliminary findings of 2 months showed inefficiencies and malpractices regarding the sorting of waste which over continuous communication and education decreased significantly collecting over 6.5 tonnes of recyclable material. Best results were reported for paper in terms of purity with most of the quantities being stocked material. As the project progresses there is a gradual improvement in the collected quantities and the purity of the materials.
Training Opportunities for Estonian Elite Athletes in the COVID-19 situation
Authors: Tamm Anna-Liisa , Parm Ülle , Tomingas Tuuli
Published: November 2022

COVID-19 pandemic influences different aspects of society, especially sports. The aim of research was to assess the changes in training conditions and aspects of training of Estonian elite athletes in the COVID-19 situation and get feedback of athletes` assessment about pandemic impact of the on Estonian sports. 102 Estonian athletes (♀ = 58; 24.68 ±8.55y) filled in the electronic self-rate questionnaire. The training of Estonian elite athletes in the COVID-19 situation continued but changed. Athletes were mostly disturbed by the cancellation of competitions (70.6%) and change in training conditions (62.1%). Instead of usual training places, forests, gardens, city streets, homes, as well as public bathing places (rivers, lakes) were used. The strongest negative impact of the pandemic according to athletes’ opinions was on their economic situation. The majority of respondents (90.8%) ware positive and thought that (1) the pandemic has little effect or (2) who were able to adapt to a new situation and stay motivated still come out of the situation even stronger. Governments and sport organizations should consider financial support for affected athletes in current situation, and also initiate prevention strategies for the future.
Groundwater recharge in Molepolole area, SE Botswana
Authors: Tafesse Nata , Laletsang K. , Mapeo Read Brown Mthanganyika Mapeo , Appia Ronald
Published: November 2022

Groundwater recharge estimation using chloride mass balance (CMB) method was conducted in Molepolole area, SE of Botswana. The study area is semi-arid area with uneven distribution of rainfall throughout the year. The mean annual rainfall of the area is 423.64 mm. Climatically the area is characterized by two rainy seasons during the year separated into two by dry months. The first rainy season occurs during January, February, March and April and contributes 55.08 % of the mean annual rainfall of the area. The five months in the dry season are May, June, July, August and September and contribute 5.98 % of the mean annual rainfall of the area. October, November and December constitute the second rainy season and contribute 38.94 % of the mean annual rainfall of the area. The main source of groundwater recharge is rainfall. The computed groundwater recharge in the area is 0.82%, 3.14% and 0.09% of the mean annual rainfall of the area during the first rainy season, second rainy season and dry season, respectively.
An integrated and comprehensive tool to assess urban mobility strategies
Authors: Huertas José Ignacio , Huertas María Elena
Published: November 2022

Transport planning is a challenging topic to be addressed in urban areas in order to create sustainable cities, due to the adverse health effects, noise and congestions generated by the transport sector. Therefore, policymakers require technical tools that allow to take regulatory transport decisions, considering environmental and health impacts. This work presents the development of an integrated and comprehensive tool to assess urban mobility strategies called MAITec. The methodology includes the implementation and application of specialized software to estimate health impact by transport emissions. The tool was implemented in a university district in Mexico. Results indicate that in the base scenario, people are exposed to high pollutant concentrations in some sectors of the distric, where traffic pollution claims approximately 9 lives every two years. MAITec was implemented in a free online platform and shared with local governments for its application.
The effect of HRT in the successful bioaugmentation of CSTRs working under ammonia toxicity
Authors: Kotsopoulos T. , Tzenos C. , Christou M. , Kalamaras S.
Published: November 2022

High levels of ammonia is a common inhibitory factor in anaerobic digestion (AD) resulting in low methane production and unbalance of the process. In the present study, the adjustment of the hydraulic retention time (HRT) and the bioaugmentation process (BP) are investigated to counter the negative effects of ammonia toxicity. Two lab scale continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTR) were operating with cattle manure at a low total ammonia nitrogen (TAN) concentration (1.8 g TAN/L). The reactors were working with 20 (R1) and 30 (R2) days HRT, respectively and ammonia toxicity conditions (6.1 g TAN/L) were achieved through the direct addition of ammonium chloride. In both reactors after the increase of TAN the average daily methane production was reduced by 37.04% in R1 and 38.52% in R2. The stepwise acclimatization of the microorganisms to high concentrations of TAN (6.5 g TAN/L) for the BP was performed in batch reactors. After the BP there was a recovery of the methane production in both reactors. In R2 the recovery was immediate, however, a delay of 20 days was observed in the recovery of R1. A likely explanation for the R1’s delayed response is the slow reproduction rate of the introduced acclimatized population and the low HRT.
Peracetic acid disinfection: An effective way to reduce antibiotics resistant bacteria from raw hospital wastewater
Authors: Chhetri Ravi , Sanchez Urbina Diego , Lindholst Sabine , Rickers Caroline , Elkær Thomas , Gade Henning , Skaarup Jørgen , Andersen Henrik
Published: November 2022

Risk of infection from antibiotic resistant bacteria from wastewater to the workers in the plant can be reduced by disinfecting wastewater. Peracetic acid (PAA) was used to disinfect the raw wastewater from hospital in pilot scale experiment. Batch experiment was conducted in parallel to confirm the dose of PAA used in the pilot experiment. Degradation of PAA was fast that resulted to no residual effect to the process of wastewater treatment plant. Numbers of ciprofloxacin resistant bacteria was reduced from 5·104 cfu/ml to <1·101 cfu/ml using 75 mg/L PAA with 10 min contact time. Similarity on removal of ciprofloxacin resistant bacteria from pilot experiment and batch experiments were observed. Removal of ciprofloxacin resistant bacteria increased by increasing contact time and PAA concentration. The method appears an ideal technology to minimize the risk of antibiotic resistant bacteria to the sewage workers when new centralized super hospital are constructed in Denmark utilizing the unbranched direct connection of wastewater from hospital to the WWTP.
Simulated effects of streambed vegetation on river hydraulics and the habitat suitability of freshwater macroinvertebrates
Authors: Theodoropoulos Christos , Syrmou Eirini , Karaouzas Ioannis , Gritzalis Konstantinos , Stamou Anastasios
Published: November 2022

We modelled the effects of flexible and rigid streambed vegetation on river hydraulics and macro-invertebrate habitat suitability in flows/discharges ranging from near-dry to floods, in the Oinoi Stream (Attica, Greece). Vegetation was mapped in spring and summer, simulated using two-dimensional ecohydraulic models (VEGSP: spring model, corresponding to moderate vegetation cover; VEGSU: summer model, corresponding to dense vegetation cover), and the results were compared to those of a non-vegetation-including model (VEGO). Flow velocity (V) was negatively correlated and water depth (D) was positively correlated with vegetation type and density. Compared to VEGO, mean D was 22-40% higher and mean V was 20-34% lower in high/near-flood flows. In low/near-dry flows, V and D were only slightly influenced by vegetation (approx. 10-15% change). Macroinvertebrate habitat suitability (HSI) was higher in densely vegetated areas in both spring and summer, and remained high in near-flood flows, in contrast to the VEGO model (max. HSI change 49.5%). We conclude that streambed vegetation shapes slow-flowing, deeper habitats, and is also a key element for maintaining suitable macroinvertebrate habitats. Ecohydraulic models could be applied to differentiate vegetated river reaches that need flood protection from those that need geomorphic and habitat restoration within accurately designed river management plans.
Technology hybridization for real time particulate matter monitoring
Authors: Louat Jérôme , Thaury Claire , Ben Daoud Azzédine , Serge Aflalo
Published: November 2022

While the monitoring and management of air pollution remains a challenge at a regional level, it also becomes more and more sensitive at very local scale. Both, as hot spot sources, can be very localized, but vulnerable population (in schools, hospital…) due to fluidic effect, especially in cities with tall buildings, can lead to very significant disparities in local pollution levels.
For all those reasons, accurate real time measurements of local pollution is increasingly of interest for all stakeholders. So far, no satisfactory solution (microsensors, modeling...) has proven both reliable and affordable on its own as an alternative to reference analyzers. The solution can thus only come from an appropriate combination of various technologies and algorithms.
This paper presents and shows the benefit of an innovative approach to combine well known dust air quality monitoring proven equivalent method, such as beta attenuation and indicative sensors based on light scattering as a first step to allow wider hybrid networks over particulate matter monitoring and extend it to other parameters such as gases (SO2, NO2...), which would provide simultaneously a cost effective, reliable, and hyperlocal solution especially when combined to mathematical modelling software.
Considering LSI in MSP in Greece: updates and challenges
Authors: Papageorgiou Marilena , Kyvelou Stella
Published: November 2022

The LSI analysis should be understood as an important component in the preparation of MSPlans to be reached through consistency of policies and decision-making. In Greece, although LSI as a term is fully incorporated in MSP legislation, its consideration may be easily and completely disregarded, given the contradicting provisions introduced by L.4759. This paper suggests that consideration of LSI in MSP in Greece (which is a highly insular and coastal country), can be achieved if: interaction between MSPlans and TSPlans is (re)established by Law; LSI analysis is incorporated as binding step in the MSP; the so far sectorial orientation of MSP is suppressed in favor of a more place-based approach; governance schemes give priority to local administration and communities; international cooperation is encouraged; the Multi-Use concept is integrated in Greek MSP.
Letrozole and tamoxifen in municipal wastewater and their photodegradation in ultraviolet (UV) treatment
Authors: Alitalo Olga-Sofia , Rantalainen Anna-Lea , Pellinen Jukka
Published: November 2022

The incidence of cancer has increased worldwide and hormone antagonists are a group of pharmaceuticals used in the treatment of breast cancer. It is well known, that most of the pharmaceuticals are only partially removed or transformed during traditional wastewater treatment processes and the residues enter the environment through wastewater effluents. In aquatic environment, these pharmaceuticals pose a risk, as they may cause adverse effects on development and reproduction of organisms. In this study, the presence of two hormone antagonists, letrozole and tamoxifen, in wastewater influent and effluent samples was determined. Ultraviolet (UV) treatment is widely used technique to disinfect wastewater and drinking water. The potential of UV irradiation to degrade these selected pharmaceuticals was also studied in laboratory conditions. Preliminary results show the presence of studied pharmaceuticals in wastewater samples at low ng/L levels. Tamoxifen showed high degradation rates in UV treatment, whereas letrozole seemed to be quite resistant. Further studies to determine the occurrence of studied pharmaceuticals in environment are in progress. The experiments to improve the UV treatment are also planned.
Membrane Aerated Biofilm Reactor: A Correlation between Biofilm Thickness and Removal of Pharmaceuticals and Endocrinal Disruptor Compounds
Authors: Sanchez-Huerta Claudia , Fortunato Luca , Leiknes Torove , Hong Peiying
Published: November 2022

Removal of thirteen pharmaceuticals and endocrinal disruptor compounds via membrane aerated biofilm reactor was tested. MABR system demonstrated good management of nitrogenous nutrients. An increase in biofilm thickness enhanced the removal of analgesics, hormones, and disinfectants.
Comparison of Analytical and Modeling solutions of the hydrodynamic behavior of drainage channels covered by reed beds
Authors: Lama Giuseppe Francesco Cesare
Published: November 2022

The purpose of this work is the validation of modeled turbulent features induced by hydrodynamic interaction between water flow motion and rigid emergent reed beds obtained by employing both analytical and Shallow-waters approaches. The experimental dataset employed for the validation was collected during three hydraulic experiments performed in a vegetated reclamation channel under three different scenarios of riparian vegetation management: one discharge for (1) vegetation in total abandonment, with infesting reed beds in natural conditions, and two discharges for (2) central riparian vegetation cleaning, with the presence of two side buffers of reed beds in undisturbed conditions. In particular, Reynolds shear stresses and Turbulent Kinetic Energy were computed based on the values of measured water flow velocity acquired by an acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV), located at the vegetated channel’s upstream cross-section. The preliminary results of the present work embody a useful tool for the prediction of the effects of riparian vegetation in vegetated reclamation channels colonized by such riparian species at real scale.
Review of the IPCC landfill gas emissions model
Authors: Hutton Barbara
Published: November 2022

Almost all developed nations have agreed to report their annual greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, under the UN Framework Climate Change Convention of 1997. But only a few directly measure their landfill gas emissions. Most use the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) landfill gas model to calculate them. This paper examines the accuracy of these default factors, checking references cited by the IPCC for choosing each default factor. It finds that some of these studies were misquoted and several IPCC default factors have no scientific basis. The model is conservative: for example emission inventory compilers are required to avoid underestimation, rather than to find the most accurate possible estimate of emissions. Landfill gas is usually recovered with gas extraction systems, and used to generate electricity. If landfill operators’ record-keeping is not good enough, the gas is assumed to be emitted, even if methane was recovered all year. Overall, the model’s default factors appear to overstate generation of methane and landfill emissions.
Factors affecting the populations of Sea Turtles, Caretta caretta: The Case of Greece
Authors: Sarakinou Georgia , APOSTOLAKI Stella
Published: November 2022

The current paper presents the results of an archival research work undertaken as part of a Thesis of the Program of Environmental Studies at Deree – the American College of Greece. The research undertaken aimed at assessing the extent of the problem related to the injuries and fatalities of the loggerhead sea turtles Caretta caretta in Greece, through detailed analysis of incidents recorded in press. Furthermore, the research identifies the patterns followed in injuries, in an effort to form recommendations for improved monitoring and protection. As the loggerhead sea turtle, Caretta caretta comprises an endemic species of Greece and a keystone species for the area, its protection is considered vital for the marine environment of the region. Despite the protection schemes and activities that are in place in Greece, there is high occurrence of traumas and deaths of sea turtles. The presented work will try to identify the gaps in monitoring and the related needs as a means to overcome the obstacles towards more efficient conservation of the species.
Nanoplastics mineralization by the intensified photo-Fenton process
Authors: Ortiz David , Munoz Macarena , Carbajo Jaime , M. de Pedro Zahara , Casas José Antonio
Published: November 2022

The widespread presence of microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) in aquatic systems has become one of the most challenging environmental issues nowadays. Although advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been widely studied for the treatment of persistent contaminants in water, their application for MPs and NPs removal have been scarcely addressed. In this study, the degradation of polystyrene NPs of different sizes (909 nm and 140 nm) by intensified photo-Fenton oxidation has been evaluated. The degradation experiments (6 hours) were carried out at 80ºC and pH0=3 in a pyrex glass reactor, using an initial NPs concentration of 20 mg/L. The initial concentrations of H2O2 and Fe3+ were set at 130 mg/L and 10 mg/L, respectively, introducing additional doses of H2O2 to enhance the oxidation yield. Firstly, photolysis was evaluated, demonstrating that NPs are poorly degraded only by irradiation (8% mineralization). The addition of H2O2 (UV/H2O2 treatment) significantly improved the mineralization of NPs (53% mineralization regardless NP size). Finally, by the intensified photo-Fenton reaction, using Fe salts as catalyst, almost complete mineralization was achieved with both NPs (82% and 94% with NP size of 909 nm and 140 nm, respectively). These results are very promising for the elimination of plastic waste in water.
System-Dynamic models for groundwater management in SW Messinia, under different climatic scenarios
Authors: Kastanidi Erasmia , Maneas Giorgos , Panagopoulos Ioannis , Viaene Peter , De Kok Jean-Luc , Berg Hakan , Manzoni Stefano , Velaoras Dimitris , Karageorgis Aristomenis P.
Published: November 2022

SW Messinia, Greece, is an interlinked coastal-inland area in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Extensive olive tree plantations and tourism are the main human activities in the area, both of which depend on groundwater resources to cover their irrigation and supply needs. The same groundwater sources are also the main freshwater sources for the Gialova lagoon, a coastal wetland with high ecological and commercial value. The combined effect of human interventions and climatic conditions over a period of 60 years has led to increased saline conditions in the wetland since the 1960s, and unless freshwater inputs are enhanced by restoring hydrologic connectivity between the wetland and the surrounding freshwater bodies, salinity in the lagoon is expected to increase even more under drier and warmer conditions predicted to occur in the future (Manzoni et al., 2020). However, surrounding fresh water bodies have high nutrient inputs and unless these are reduced, any increased connectivity could further degrade the sensitive ecosystem of the wetland (Bray et al., submitted). Under the COASTAL EU project, we have developed a System Dynamics model that combines tangible (e.g. runoff, water demand, salinity, population, tourist arrivals) and intangible (such as awareness and willingness to cooperate) attributes of the local social ecological system. This model is used as a basis for discussions with local stakeholders and for promoting social learning by connecting local concerns with lagoon management. These connections are considered essential for achieving the transition towards collaborative integrated agricultural practices that will enable the restoration of lagoon connectivity accounting for changing climatic conditions (increased temperature, reduced precipitation).
Photocatalytic degradation of magenta effluent from the printing industry with composite catalyst
Authors: Kerkez Djurdja , Pucar Milidrag Djurdja , Bečelić-Tomin Milena , Gvoić Vesna , Kulić Mandić Aleksandra , Leovac Maćerak Anita , Tomašević Pilipović Dragana
Published: November 2022

Water pollution is one of the most current problems related to human life and survival. The high degree of pollution of the human environment is contributed, among other things, by the discharge of industrial wastewater into rivers, among which wastewater from the graphic industry is of great importance. With conventional wastewater treatments, such as secondary biodegradation, many pollutants cannot be completely removed. Synthetic dyes can be a potential hazard for living organisms. Also, heavy metals are present in some types of printing inks. On the other hand, with advanced technologies, it is possible to obtain high quality water. Photocatalytic degradation is a promising and widely used method when it comes to the treatment of wastewater and air contaminated with both organic and inorganic pollutants. Photocatalytic processes have many advantages when it comes to removing pollutants from water in low concentrations. The aim of this paper is to investigate the possibility of applying the process of photocatalytic degradation, using titanium (IV) oxide modified with magnetite nanoparticles, in the treatment of magenta effluent originating from the graphic industry. In order to optimize the entire process, a new statistical method of definitive screening design (DSD) was used, where the influence of individual process parameters.