bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘Love ye therefore the strangers’: immigration and the criminal law in early modern England
Authors: LOCKWOOD MATTHEW
Published: December 2014

This article offers a comprehensive examination of the relationship between foreign residents and the criminal law in early modern England, as well as an investigation of trials ‘de medietate lingue’, trials with half-English and half-foreign juries, in theory and practice. Because England witnessed both a series of foreign migrations and a series of geo-political crises in the years between 1674 and 1750, the article charts patterns of foreign prosecutions across the period in order to place them in their proper historical context. The article concludes that the protections offered by English law to foreign residents were real and significant and that these protections were especially important at points of geo-political stress.
A time-optimal boundary controllability problem for the heat equation in a ball
Authors: Micu Sorin , Temereancă Laurenţiu Emanuel
Published: December 2014

The aim of this paper is to study a boundary time-optimal control problem for the heat equation in a two-dimensional ball. The main ingredient is the extension of a result concerning Müntz polynomials due to Borwein and Erdélyi that allows us to prove an observability inequality for the dynamical system's truncation to a finite number of modes. This result, combined with a well-known Lebeau–Robbiano argument used to show the null-controllability of parabolic type equations, enables us to deduce the existence, uniqueness and bang-bang properties for the boundary time-optimal control.
Incompressible limit for the two-dimensional isentropic Euler system with critical initial data
Authors: Hmidi Taoufik , Sulaiman Samira
Published: December 2014

We study the low-Mach-number limit for the two-dimensional isentropic Euler system with ill-prepared initial data belonging to the critical Besov space . By combining Strichartz estimates with the special structure of the vorticity, we prove that the lifespan of the solutions goes to infinity as the Mach number goes to zero. We also prove strong convergence results of the incompressible parts to the solution of the incompressible Euler system.
The Identity of the Apostate in the Epistle to Yemen
Authors: Mazuz Haggai
Published: December 2014

In his Epistle to Yemen, Moses Maimonides answers an anonymous Jewish apostate's polemical claims about the truth of Islam. This apostate challenged the Yemenite Jews by presenting quotes from the Torah that Muslims considered proof of the future advent of Islam and Muḥammad (dalā'il). The identity of the apostate, however, has been disputed by researchers. This article proposes that the apostate Maimonides had in mind was Samaw'al al-Maghribī, the Jewish convert who authored Ifḥām al-Yahūd. The reasoning is based on unique characteristics of Samaw'al's tract that distinguish it from other polemical works. Samaw'al discussed the dalā'il with much greater sophistication than any earlier polemicist and used an advanced manner of presentation, in response to which Maimonides provided well-conceived refutations. This combination of Samaw'al's sophisticated polemical arguments and Maimonides's replies demonstrates that the two appear to be matched.
מגרש השדים מפרשבורג: פרק בחשיבה המדעית של ר׳ משה סופר
Authors: כהנא מעוז
Published: December 2014

בנובמבר 2011 התכנסה בבולטימור, ארה״ב, השתלמות מקצועית של כמרים, בת שני ימים. סיבת ההשתלמות, כפי שדווחה לתקשורת, היתה ההתמודדות עם הירידה הנמשכת במספר הכמרים הבקיאים ומוסמכים לבצע את הטכניקה המסורתית של גירוש שדים (exorcism), שלמרות תקפותה הדוקטרינרית בתוך הכנסיה הקתולית מצויה במאה העשרים ואחת במשבר פופולריות, שנראה כמאיים על המשך העברתה כמסורת חיה. מצד שני, מתארת הידיעה הקצרה הזו בעיתון את שרידותה המרשימה של הטכניקה העתיקה—מסתבר כי גם בין ילידי שנות השמונים והתשעים באמריקה, שלמדו בתיכון את ניוטון ואת איינשטיין, אכלו מק׳דולנדס וגלשו באינטרנט, ואולי גם קראו בפוקו, יש כאלה שגירוש שדים על פי דוקטרינה בת מאות שנים אינו זר לעולמם.
Breast-feeding support in Ireland: a qualitative study of health-care professionals’ and women’s views
Authors: Whelan Barbara , Kearney John M
Published: December 2014

Objective

To examine women’s experience of professional support for breast-feeding and health-care professionals’ experience of providing support.

Design

We conducted semi-structured qualitative interviews among women with experience of breast-feeding and health-care professionals with infant feeding roles. Interviews with women were designed to explore their experience of support for breast-feeding antenatally, in hospital and postnatally. Interviews with health-care professionals were designed to explore their views on their role and experience in providing breast-feeding support. Interview transcripts were analysed using content analysis and aspects of Grounded Theory. Overarching themes and categories within the two sets were identified.

Setting

Urban and suburban areas of North Dublin, Ireland.

Subjects

Twenty-two women all of whom had experience of breast-feeding and fifty-eight health-care professionals.

Results

Two overarching themes emerged and in each of these a number of categories were developed: theme 1, facilitators to breast-feeding support, within which being facilitated to breast-feed, having the right person at the right time, being discerning and breast-feeding support groups were discussed; and theme 2, barriers to breast-feeding support, within which time, conflicting information, medicalisation of breast-feeding and the role of health-care professionals in providing support for breast-feeding were discussed.

Conclusions

Breast-feeding is being placed within a medical model of care in Ireland which is dependent on health-care professionals. There is a need for training around breast-feeding for all health-care professionals; however, they are limited in their support due to external barriers such as lack of time. Alternative support such as peer support workers should be provided.
Nutrieconomic model can facilitate healthy and low-cost food choices
Authors: Primavesi Laura , Caccavelli Giovanna , Ciliberto Alessandra , Pauze Emmanuel
Published: December 2014

Objective

Promotion of healthy eating can no longer be postponed as a priority, given the alarming growth rate of chronic degenerative diseases in Western countries. We elaborated a nutrieconomic model to assess and identify the most nutritious and affordable food choices.

Design

Seventy-one food items representing the main food categories were included and their nationally representative prices monitored. Food composition was determined using CRA-NUT (Centro di Ricerca per gli Alimenti e la Nutrizione) and IEO (Istituto Europeo di Oncologia) databases. To define food nutritional quality, the mean adequacy ratio and mean excess ratio were combined. Both prices and nutritional quality were normalised for the edible food content and for the recommended serving sizes for the Italian adult population.

Setting

Stores located in different provinces throughout Italy.

Subjects

Not applicable.

Results

Cereals and legumes presented very similar nutritional qualities and prices per serving. Seasonal fruits and vegetables presented differentiated nutritional qualities and almost equal prices. Products of animal origin showed similar nutritional qualities and varied prices: the best nutrieconomic choices were milk, oily fish and poultry for the dairy products, fish and meat groups, respectively.

Conclusions

Analysing two balanced weekly menus, our nutrieconomic model was able to note a significant decrease in cost of approximately 30 % by varying animal-protein sources without affecting nutritional quality. Healthy eating does not necessarily imply spending large amounts of money but rather being able to make nutritionally optimal choices. The nutrieconomic model is an innovative and practical way to help consumers make correct food choices and nutritionists increase the compliance of their patients.
Correction: Enhanced endocytosis of acid-sensitive doxorubicin derivatives with intelligent nanogel for improved security and efficacy
Authors: Ding Jianxun , Shi Fenghua , Li Di , Chen Li , Zhuang Xiuli , Chen Xuesi
Published: December 2014

Correction for ‘Enhanced endocytosis of acid-sensitive doxorubicin derivatives with intelligent nanogel for improved security and efficacy’ by Jianxun Ding et al., Biomater. Sci., 2013, 1, 633–646.
Controlled access to a heterometallic N-heterocyclic carbene helicate
Authors: Teng Qiaoqiao , Huynh Han Vinh
Published: December 2014

Coordination of a digold–bis(pincer) metallo-ligand to Co(iii) furnished the first double-stranded, hetero-metallic trinuclear NHC-helicate.
Control over connectivity and magnetism of tetrahedral FeSe2 chains through coordination Fe–amine complexes
Authors: Greenfield Joshua T. , Pak Chongin , Kamali Saeed , Lee Kathleen , Kovnir Kirill
Published: December 2014

Magnetic interactions in compounds containing tetrahedral ∞1(FeSe2) chains separated by Fe–amine complexes are controlled by the denticity of the amine.
Functionalization of nanostructured cerium oxide films with histidine
Authors: Tsud Nataliya , Bercha Sofiia , Acres Robert G. , Vorokhta Mykhailo , Khalakhan Ivan , Prince Kevin C. , Matolín Vladimír
Published: December 2014

The surfaces of cerium oxide films were modified by histidine adsorption in vacuum. It was shown that the morphology and structure of the oxide are decisive factors which define the adsorption geometry of the histidine adlayer.
A shock tube study of the branching ratios of propene + OH reaction
Authors: Badra Jihad , Khaled Fethi , Giri Binod Raj , Farooq Aamir
Published: December 2014

Branching ratios of the propene + OH reaction are determined by measuring the rate coefficients of the reaction of OH with propene and five deuterated isotopes of propene.
Reaction sampling and reactivity prediction using the stochastic surface walking method
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Jie , Liu Zhi-Pan
Published: December 2014

The new theoretical method demonstrates the ability of automated reaction sampling and activity prediction for complex organic reactions.
Experimental validation of ‘pnicogen bonding’ in nitrogen by charge density analysis
Authors: Sarkar Sounak , Pavan Mysore S. , Guru Row T. N.
Published: December 2014

The participation of a nitrogen atom acting as an electrophile in pnicogen bonding, a hitherto unexplored interaction has been established by experimental charge density analysis.
Correction: High throughput first-principles calculations of bixbyite oxides for TCO applications
Authors: Sarmadian Nasrin , Saniz Rolando , Partoens Bart , Lamoen Dirk , Volety Kalpana , Huyberechts Guido , Paul Johan
Published: December 2014

Correction for ‘High throughput first-principles calculations of bixbyite oxides for TCO applications’ by Nasrin Sarmadian et al., Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2014, 16, 17724–17733.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibition-based colorimetric determination of Hg2+ using unmodified silver nanoparticles
Authors: Nanda Kumar Dashananda , Rajeshwari Ayyachamy , Alex Sruthi Ann , Chandrasekaran Natarajan , Mukherjee Amitava
Published: December 2014

A highly sensitive colorimetric sensor for Hg2+ was developed with unmodified AgNPs using an enzyme-based indirect method.
Iron oxalate capped iron–copper nanomaterial for oxidative transformation of aldehydes
Authors: Kashyap Rajarshi , Talukdar Dhruba Joyti , Pratihar Sanjay
Published: December 2014

An efficient, sustainable and green procedure for the synthesis of selective orthorhombic iron(oxalate) capped Fe–Cu bimetallic oxide nanomaterial [Fe(ox)Fe–CuOx] was developed using a sodium borohydride reduction of iron(ii) salt in the presence of oxalic acid at room temperature followed by addition of copper sulfate in water.
Graphene field effect transistor as a probe of electronic structure and charge transfer at organic molecule–graphene interfaces
Authors: Cervenka Jiri , Budi Akin , Dontschuk Nikolai , Stacey Alastair , Tadich Anton , Rietwyk Kevin J. , Schenk Alex , Edmonds Mark T. , Yin Yuefeng , Medhekar Nikhil , Kalbac Martin , Pakes Chris I.
Published: December 2014

The electronic structure of physisorbed molecules containing aromatic nitrogen heterocycles (triazine and melamine) on graphene is studied.
Plasmonic nanorod arrays of a two-segment dimer and a coaxial cable with 1 nm gap for large field confinement and enhancement
Authors: Cheng Zi-Qiang , Nan Fan , Yang Da-Jie , Zhong Yu-Ting , Ma Liang , Hao Zhong-Hua , Zhou Li , Wang Qu-Quan
Published: December 2014

Seeking plasmonic nanostructures with large field confinement and enhancement is significant for photonic and electronic nanodevices with high sensitivity, reproducibility, and tunability.
Capacious and programmable multi-liposomal carriers
Authors: Yaroslavov Alexander A. , Sybachin Andrey V. , Zaborova Olga V. , Migulin Vasiliy A. , Samoshin Vyacheslav V. , Ballauff Matthias , Kesselman Ellina , Schmidt Judith , Talmon Yeshayahu , Menger Fredric M.
Published: December 2014

pH-release from assembled polycationic brush liposomes.
Ambient temperature synthesis of β,β′-fused nickel(ii) pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinoporphyrins via a DBSA-catalyzed Pictet–Spengler approach
Authors: Singh Dileep Kumar , Nath Mahendra
Published: December 2014

Synthesis of novel β,β′-fused nickel(ii) pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazinoporphyrins is accomplished for the first time at ambient temperature via a DBSA-catalyzed Pictet–Spengler approach.
Tuning thermal properties and microphase separation in aliphatic polyester ABA copolymers
Authors: MacDonald J. P. , Parker M. P. , Greenland B. W. , Hermida-Merino D. , Hamley I. W. , Shaver M. P.
Published: December 2014

Four alkyl substituted β-lactones were investigated in ring opening polymerisation to produce a family of poly(3-hydroxyalkanoate)s and their block copolymers.
Transition metal-catalyzed direct remote C–H functionalization of alkyl groups via C(sp3)–H bond activation
Authors: Qiu Guanyinsheng , Wu Jie
Published: December 2014

This review is focused on the recent advances in the transition metal-catalyzed direct remote C–H-functionalization of alkyl groups via C(sp3)–H bond activation. In general, carboxamide/ester-chelated β-functionalization reactions are summarized.
Selective complexation of alkaline earth metal ions with nanotubular cyclopeptides: DFT theoretical study
Authors: Shahangi Fereshte , Chermahini Alireza Najafi , Farrokhpour Hossein , Teimouri Abbas
Published: December 2014

The interaction of alkaline earth metal cations including Be2+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+and Ba2+with cyclic peptides containing 3 or 4 (S) alanine molecules (CyAla3andCyAla4) was investigated by density functional theory (DFT-CAM-B3LYP and DFT-B3LYP).
Synergistic effects of magainin 2 and PGLa on their heterodimer formation, aggregation, and insertion into the bilayer
Authors: Han Eol , Lee Hwankyu
Published: December 2014

We performed coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulations of antimicrobial peptides PGLa and magainin 2 in lipid bilayers.
Biotemplated fabrication of a novel hierarchical porous C/LiFePO4/C composite for Li-ion batteries
Authors: Song Jianjun , Wang Lin , Ma Zhipeng , Du Zhiling , Shao Guangjie , Kong Lingxue , Gao Weimin
Published: December 2014

A novel hierarchical porous C/LiFePO4/bio-C composite was fabricated by using artemia cyst shells as natural biological template and revealed an excellent high rate performance.
Molecular mapping of poly(methyl methacrylate) super-helix stereocomplexes
Authors: Christofferson Andrew Joseph , Yiapanis George , Ren Jing Ming , Qiao Greg Guanghua , Satoh Kotaro , Kamigaito Masami , Yarovsky Irene
Published: December 2014

The structure of the it-/st-poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) triple-helix stereocomplex is composed of a double helix of it-PMMA of 9 units per turn surrounded by a single helix of st-PMMA with an average of 20 units per turn.
Surface tension and the mechanics of liquid inclusions in compliant solids
Authors: Style Robert W. , Wettlaufer John S. , Dufresne Eric R.
Published: December 2014

We reformulate Eshelby's theory of composites to account for interfacial tension.
Dependence of solvent quality on the composition of copolymers: experiment and theory for solutions of P(MMA-ran-t-BMA) in toluene and in chloroform
Authors: Bercea Maria , Wolf Bernhard A.
Published: December 2014

Solvent quality of toluene for P(MMA-ran-t-BMA) as function of the t-BMA content f, quantified by the minima in the Gibbs energies of mixing toluene with the individual copolymer.
Tailoring the water adsorption properties of MIL-101 metal–organic frameworks by partial functionalization
Authors: Ko Nakeun , Choi Pan Gyu , Hong Jisu , Yeo Miso , Sung Siyoung , Cordova Kyle E. , Park Hye Jeong , Yang Jin Kuk , Kim Jaheon
Published: December 2014

Partial functionalization of the metal–organic framework, MIL-101, with –COOH groups is proven effective for enhancing the water uptake capacity at low pressure.
Size-controlled nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbon nanospheres by one-step aqueous self-assembly strategy
Authors: Wang Jia , Liu Hongyang , Diao Jiangyong , Gu Xianmo , Wang Haihua , Rong Junfeng , Zong Baoning , Su Dang Sheng
Published: December 2014

Nitrogen-containing mesoporous carbon nanospheres have been prepared through an aqueous self-assembly process with F127 as a template and morphological control agent, and 3-aminophenol as carbon and nitrogen sources.
Photocatalytic reforming of glycerol for H2 evolution on Pt/TiO2: fundamental understanding the effect of co-catalyst Pt and the Pt deposition route
Authors: Jiang Xiaoliang , Fu Xianliang , Zhang Li , Meng Sugang , Chen Shifu
Published: December 2014

The effects of deposited Pt and its deposition route on the photocatalytic reforming of glycerol for H2 evolution over Pt/TiO2 were investigated. Intimately loaded Pt(0) particles are the key active sites for the reaction, the formation of which was favored by an in situ photo-deposition route.
Online clustering via energy scoring based on low‐rank and sparse representation
Authors: Li Xiaojie , Lv Jian Cheng , Li Lili
Published: December 2014

Subspace clustering is very useful in many fields, such as computer vision and machine learning. However, most of the clustering methods cannot deal with out‐of‐sample data directly. For each new sample, these methods need to relearn the representations of all (new and original) data for clustering. This is unrealistic in many practical applications. A new online clustering method to cluster out‐of‐sample data in terms of the meaningful energy scores of data is proposed. By interpreting low‐rank representation (LRR) as a dynamical system, a computation method for energy scores of data has been developed. The scores can be calculated by integration, independent of the LRR learning procedure. Then, a linear classifier is used to cluster out‐of‐sample data using their energy scores. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the method.
Boundary‐enhanced supervoxel segmentation for sparse outdoor LiDAR data
Authors: Song Soohwan , Lee Honggu , Jo Sungho
Published: December 2014

Voxelisation methods are extensively employed for efficiently processing large point clouds. However, it is possible to lose geometric information and extract inaccurate features through these voxelisation methods. A novel, flexibly shaped ‘supervoxel’ algorithm, called boundary‐enhanced supervoxel segmentation, for sparse and complex outdoor light detection and ranging (LiDAR) data is proposed. The algorithm consists of two key components: (i) detecting boundaries by analysing consecutive points and (ii) clustering the points by first excluding the boundary points. The generated supervoxels include spatial and geometric properties and maintain the shape of the object's boundary. The proposed algorithm is tested using sparse LiDAR data obtained from outdoor urban environments.
Charge‐plasma‐based super‐steep negative capacitance junctionless tunnel field effect transistor: design and performance
Authors: Singh S. , Pal P. , N. Kondekar P.
Published: December 2014

A double‐gate charge‐plasma‐based super‐steep negative capacitance junctionless tunnel field effect transistor (NC‐JLTFET) using a ferroelectric gate stack is proposed. Structurally, the NC‐JLTFET consists of a heavily doped n‐type silicon (Si) channel with two distinctive gates (control gate and fixed source gate). The fixed source gate accounts for the charge‐plasma (hole plasma) formation which results in surrogate p‐type doping by using work‐function engineering. It induces a uniform p‐region on the source side on the n‐type doped Si film having a thickness less than the Debye length (LD). The key attribute of the NC‐JLTFET is the ferroelectric gate stack which is employed as a control gate resulting in NC behaviour due to positive feedback among the electric dipoles in the ferroelectric material. The NC‐JLTFET endeavours to achieve a super‐steep sub‐threshold slope, a paramount boost in drive current and a substantial enhancement in peak transconductance (gm) than the JLTFET. Meanwhile, it embraces the inherent advantages of the charge‐plasma junctionless structure. Thus, it avails itself of a simple fabrication process flow and high immunity against process variations and random dopant fluctuations.
Electronically controlled wavelength‐tunable transmission filter based on metal grating incorporating polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal
Authors: Wang Qi , Tang Qingyong , Dai Bo , Wang Zhongfei , Huang Yuanshen , Ni Zhengji , Zhang Dawei
Published: December 2014

A novel narrow‐band tunable transmission filter based on a sub‐wavelength metallic grating incorporating polymer‐dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) with a tunable range of 47.2 nm is demonstrated. The transmission peak wavelength can be tuned from 1524.9 to 1572.1 nm when the refractive index of the PDLC layer is varied by different applying voltages. More than 95% transmission efficiency can be achieved at the resonant wavelength, while the −3 dB bandwidth is about 1.6 nm. In addition, the resonant wavelength of the filter varies in a linear fashion with regard to the refractive index of the PDLC layer. Hence, a desired resonant wavelength can be selected easily by controlling the applied voltage.
Curve linear–linear basis functions of magnetic‐field and combined‐field integral equations for EM scattering problems
Authors: He Zi , Zha Liping , Chen Ru Shan
Published: December 2014

The curve linear–linear (CLL) basis functions are proposed to improve the accuracy of both the magnetic‐field integral equation (MFIE) and the combined‐field integral equation (CFIE) for electromagnetic scattering from PEC objects. The CLL basis functions are derived first and then the multilevel fast multipole algorithm is applied to accelerate the matrix–vector multiplication. The accuracy of the CLL basis functions for both the MFIE and the CFIE are compared with both the curve RWG basis functions and the linear–linear basis functions. Numerical results demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method.
Towards automatic image analysis and assessment of the multicellular apoptosis process
Authors: Ziraldo Riccardo , Link Nichole , Abrams John , Ma Lan
Published: December 2014

Apoptotic programmed cell death (PCD) is a fundamental aspect of developmental maturation. However, the authors’ understanding of apoptosis, especially in the multi‐cell regime, is incomplete because of the difficulty of identifying dying cells by conventional strategies. Real‐time in vivo microscopy of Drosophila, an excellent model system for studying the PCD during development, has been used to uncover plausible collective apoptosis at the tissue level, although the dynamic regulation of the process remains to be deciphered. In this work, the authors have developed an image‐analysis program that can quantitatively analyse time‐lapse microscopy of live tissues undergoing apoptosis with a fluorescent nuclear marker, and subsequently extract the spatiotemporal patterns of multicellular response. The program can process a large number of cells (>103) automatically tracked across sets of image frames. It is applied to characterise the apoptosis of Drosophila wing epithelium at eclosion. Using the natural anatomic structures as reference, the authors identify dynamic patterns in the progression of PCD within the Drosophila tissues. The results not only confirm the previously observed collective multi‐cell behaviour from a quantitative perspective, but also reveal a plausible role played by the anatomic structures, such as the wing veins, in the PCD propagation across the Drosophila wing.
Stress effects on the elastic properties of amorphous polymeric materials
Authors: Caponi S. , Corezzi S. , Mattarelli M. , Fioretto D.
Published: December 2014

Brillouin light scattering measurements have been used to study the stress induced modification in the elastic properties of two glass forming polymers: polybutadiene and epoxy-amine resin, prototypes of linear and network polymers, respectively. Following the usual thermodynamic path to the glass transition, polybutadiene has been studied as a function of temperature from the liquid well into the glassy phase. In the epoxy resin, the experiments took advantage of the system ability to reach the glass both via the chemical vitrification route, i.e., by increasing the number of covalent bonds among the constituent molecules, as well as via the physical thermal route, i.e., by decreasing the temperature. Independently from the particular way chosen to reach the glassy phase, the measurements reveal the signature of long range tensile stresses development in the glass. The stress presence modifies both the value of the sound velocities and their mutual relationship, so as to break the generalized Cauchy-like relation. In particular, when long range stresses, by improvise sample cracking, are released, the frequency of longitudinal acoustic modes increases more than 10% in polybutadiene and ∼4% in the epoxy resin. The data analysis suggests the presence of at least two different mechanisms acting on different length scales which strongly affect the overall elastic behaviour of the systems: (i) the development of tensile stress acting as a negative pressure and (ii) the development of anisotropy which increases its importance deeper and deeper in the glassy state.
Doppler broadening thermometry of acetylene and accurate measurement of the Boltzmann constant
Authors: Hashemi R. , Povey C. , Derksen M. , Naseri H. , Garber J. , Predoi-Cross A.
Published: December 2014

In this paper, we present accurate measurements of the fundamental Boltzmann constant based on a line-shape analysis of acetylene spectra in the ν1 + ν3 band recorded using a tunable diode laser. Experimental spectra recorded at low pressures (0.25 − 9 Torr), have been analyzed using a Speed Dependent Voigt model that takes into account the molecular speed dependence effects. This line-shape model reproduces the experimental data with good accuracy and allows us to determine precise line-shape parameters for the P(25) transition of the ν1 + ν3 band. From the recorded spectra we obtained the Doppler-width and then determined the Boltzmann constant, kB.
A transverse bunch by bunch feedback system for Pohang Light Source upgrade
Authors: Lee E.-H. , Kim D.-T. , Huang J.-Y. , Shin S. , Nakamura T. , Kobayashi K.
Published: December 2014

The Pohang Light Source upgrade (PLS-II) project has successfully upgraded the Pohang Light Source (PLS). The main goals of the PLS-II project are to increase the beam energy to 3 GeV, increase the number of insertion devices by a factor of two (20 IDs), increase the beam current to 400 mA, and at the same time reduce the beam emittance to below 10 nm by using the existing PLS tunnel and injection system. Among 20 insertion devices, 10 narrow gap in-vacuum undulators are in operation now and two more in-vacuum undulators are to be installed later. Since these narrow gap in-vacuum undulators are most likely to produce coupled bunch instability by the resistive wall impedance and limit the stored beam current, a bunch by bunch feedback system is implemented to suppress coupled bunch instability in the PLS-II. This paper describes the scheme and performance of the PLS-II bunch by bunch feedback system.
Nucleation and growth of Pt nanoparticles on reduced and oxidized rutile TiO2 (110)
Authors: Rieboldt F. , Vilhelmsen L. B. , Koust S. , Lauritsen J. V. , Helveg S. , Lammich L. , Besenbacher F. , Hammer B. , Wendt S.
Published: December 2014

The nucleation and growth of Pt nanoparticles (NP’s) on rutile TiO2 (110) surfaces with O on-top atoms (oxidized TiO2), surface O vacancies, and H adatoms, respectively (reduced TiO2), was studied by means of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) experiments and density functional theory calculations. At room temperature, Pt was found to be trapped at O on-top atoms and surface O vacancies, leading to rather small Pt NP’s. In contrast, on surfaces with H adatoms the mobility of Pt was much larger. As a result, large Pt NP's were found at room temperature on TiO2 (110) surfaces with H adatoms. However, at ∼150 K the diffusion of Pt was kinetically hindered on all TiO2 (110) surfaces considered. STM data acquired after vacuum-annealing at 800 K showed comparable results on all TiO2 (110) surfaces because the diffusion of Pt is not influenced by surface defects at such high temperatures.
Anomalous dynamics of aqueous solutions of di-propylene glycol methylether confined in MCM-41 by quasielastic neutron scattering
Authors: Swenson Jan , Elamin Khalid , Chen Guo , Lohstroh Wiebke , Sakai Victoria Garcia
Published: December 2014

The molecular dynamics of solutions of di-propylene glycol methylether (2PGME) and H2O (or D2O) confined in 28 Å pores of MCM-41 have been studied by quasielastic neutron scattering and differential scanning calorimetry over the concentration range 0–90 wt.% water. This system is of particular interest due to its pronounced non-monotonic concentration dependent dynamics of 2PGME in the corresponding bulk system, showing the important role of hydrogen bonding for the dynamics. In this study we have elucidated how this non-monotonic concentration dependence is affected by the confined geometry. The results show that this behaviour is maintained in the confinement, but the slowest diffusive dynamics of 2PGME is now observed at a considerably higher water concentration; at 75 wt.% water in MCM-41 compared to 30 wt.% water in the corresponding bulk system. This difference can be explained by an improper mixing of the two confined liquids. The results suggest that water up to a concentration of about 20 wt.% is used to hydrate the hydrophilic hydroxyl surface groups of the silica pores, and that it is only at higher water contents the water becomes partly mixed with 2PGME. Hence, due to this partial micro-phase separation of the two liquids larger, and thereby slower relaxing, structural entities of hydrogen bonded water and 2PGME molecules can only be formed at higher water contents than in the bulk system. However, the Q-dependence is unchanged with confinement, showing that the nature of the molecular motions is preserved. Thus, there is no indication of localization of the dynamics at length scales of less than 20 Å. The dynamics of both water and 2PGME is strongly dominated by translational diffusion at a temperature of 280 K.
A class of scale-free networks with fractal structure based on subshift of finite type
Authors: Chen Jin , Dai Meifeng , Wen Zhixiong , Xi Lifeng
Published: December 2014

In this paper, given a time series generated by a certain dynamical system, we construct a new class of scale-free networks with fractal structure based on the subshift of finite type and base graphs. To simplify our model, we suppose the base graphs are bipartite graphs and the subshift has the special form. When embedding our growing network into the plane, we find its image is a graph-directed self-affine fractal, whose Hausdorff dimension is related to the power law exponent of cumulative degree distribution. It is known that a large spectral gap in terms of normalized Laplacian is usually associated with small mixing time, which makes facilitated synchronization and rapid convergence possible. Through an elaborate analysis of our network, we can estimate its Cheeger constant, which controls the spectral gap by Cheeger inequality. As a result of this estimation, when the bipartite base graph is complete, we give a sharp condition to ensure that our networks are well-connected with rapid mixing property.
Sub-nanomolar detection of thrombin activity on a microfluidic chip
Authors: Le Nam Cao Hoai , Gel Murat , Zhu Yonggang , Wang Jian , Dacres Helen , Anderson Alisha , Trowell Stephen C.
Published: December 2014

Bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) is a form of Förster resonance energy transfer. BRET has been shown to support lower limits of detection than fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) but, unlike FRET, has not been widely implemented on microfluidic devices for bioanalytical sensing. We recently reported a microscope-based microfluidic system for BRET-based biosensing, using a hybrid, high quantum-efficiency, form of BRET chemistry. This paper reports the first optical fiber-based system for BRET detection on a microfluidic chip, capable of quantifying photon emissions from the low quantum-efficiency BRET2 system. We investigated the effects of varying core diameter and numerical aperture of optical fibers, as well as varying microfluidic channel design and measurement conditions. We optimized the set-up in order to maximize photon counts and minimize the response time. The optimized conditions supported measurement of thrombin activity, with a limit of detection of 20 pM, which is lower than the microscope-based system and more than 20 times lower than concentrations reported to occur in plasma clots.
Nanoimprint-assisted fabrication of high haze metal mesh electrode for solar cells
Authors: Iwahashi Takashi , Yang Rong , Okabe Noriaki , Sakurai Junpei , Lin Jun , Matsunaga Daisuke
Published: December 2014

We propose a concept of transparent electrode for solar cells surpassing conventional transparent conductive oxide. Transparent electrode requires low electrical resistivity, high optical transparency, and high optical haze. Although transparent conductive oxide by chemical vapor deposition is widely used as a transparent electrode for solar cells, a breakthrough of the trade-off between electrical and optical properties is required for further improvement of solar cell efficiency. We demonstrate solution-processed electrode fabrication by using nanoimprint technology and metal nanoparticle ink. Silver mesh electrode is self-aligned on nanoimprinted texture with concave pattern as a template for mesh grid. Our electrode concept can realize desired high optical haze by nanoimprinted texture, as well as low electrical resistivity and high optical transparency by metal mesh electrode simultaneously, which boosts solar cell efficiency.
Generation of green frequency comb from chirped χ(2) nonlinear photonic crystals
Authors: Lai C.-M. , Chang K.-H. , Yang Z.-Y. , Fu S.-H. , Tsai S.-T. , Hsu C.-W. , Yu N. E. , Boudrioua A. , Kung A. H. , Peng L.-H.
Published: December 2014

Spectrally broad frequency comb generation over 510–555 nm range was reported on chirped quasi-phase-matching (QPM) χ(2) nonlinear photonic crystals of 12 mm length with periodicity stepwise increased from 5.9 μm to 7.1 μm. When pumped with nanosecond infrared (IR) frequency comb derived from a QPM optical parametric oscillator (OPO) and spanned over 1040 nm to 1090 nm wavelength range, the 520 nm to 545 nm up-converted green spectra were shown to consist of contributions from (a) second-harmonic generation among the signal or the idler modes, and (b) sum-frequency generation (SFG) from the neighboring pairs of the signal or the idler modes. These mechanisms led the up-converted green frequency comb to have the same mode spacing of 450 GHz as that in the IR-OPO pump comb. As the pump was further detuned from the aforementioned near-degeneracy point and moved toward the signal (1020–1040 nm) and the idler (1090–1110 nm) spectral range, the above QPM parametric processes were preserved in the chirped QPM devices to support up-converted green generation in the 510–520 nm and the 545–555 nm spectral regime. Additional 530–535 nm green spectral generation was also observed due to concurrence of multi-wavelength SFG processes between the (signal, idler) mode pairs. These mechanisms facilitate the chirped QPM device to support a single-pass up-conversion efficiency ∼10% when subject to an IR-OPO pump comb with 200 mW average power operated near- or off- the degeneracy point.
Switching of absorptive nonlinearity from reverse saturation to saturation in polymer-ZnO nanotop composite films
Authors: Haripadmam P. C. , John Honey , Philip Reji , Gopinath Pramod
Published: December 2014

We report an interesting switchover of optical nonlinearity from Reverse Saturable Absorption (RSA) to Saturable Absorption (SA) in polymer-Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanotop composite films, investigated using the Z-scan technique. The nanocomposites have been prepared by in situ polymerization of the monomer in which ZnO nanotops are dispersed with the help of a dispersing agent. The films exhibit RSA for lower concentrations of ZnO nanotops, which changes to SA on increasing the loading concentration, irrespective of the monomer and dispersing agent used. These versatile films are good candidates for applications such as ultrafast optical switching and optical limiting.
Moving towards Multilevel Governance of Wetland Resources: Local Water Organisations and Institutional Changes in France
Authors: Rambonilaza Tina , Boschet Christophe , Brahic Elodie
Published: December 2014

The aim of this study is to achieve an understanding of the collective management of wetlands by landowner associations, in order to reflect on their role and position within the new wetland resource governance system, initiated by the recent institutional reform in France. Proposals from self-governance institutions for natural resource management and social capital studies inform the analytical framework. Two survey phases among the chairs and members of associations that currently manage the riparian marshes of the Gironde estuary are the basis for an empirical study. The results reveal that half of the landowners sampled will default. However, neighbourhood and community-based social capital as well as the close involvement of the chairs of the associations are the key elements of the collective management of water-level and wetland resources. We then argue that informal and flexible collaboration between small associations should be the governance mode for the collaborative management of wetlands.
Synthesis of Sterically Demanding Bis(phosphinimine) Dibenzofuran Ligands and Subsequent Zinc Metalation
Authors: Zamora Matthew T. , Zahir Saif M. , Johnson Kevin R. D. , Barnson Clay J. , Wheaton Craig A. , Hänninen Mikko M. , Hayes Paul G.
Published: December 2014

In light of previous success surrounding the use of bis(phosphinimine)dibenzofuran ligands for zinc-mediated lactide polymerization, a series of sterically demanding P=N pincer compounds have been prepared with important steric and electronic modifications at both P- and N-sites (L, 3a–d). These systems are highly crystalline and have been extensively characterized using multinuclear NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, and X-ray diffraction. The ligands can be transformed into their protonated analogues [HL][BArF4] (4a–d, [BArF4] = [B(m-(CF3)2-C6H3)4]) by reaction with Brookhart’s acid, and subsequently coordinated to zinc via an alkane elimination reaction with [ZnEt2] at ambient temperature to afford the corresponding [LZnEt][BArF4] cationic complexes 5a–d. In addition, an unusual chloridozinc species [LZnCl][BArF4] (5c′) has been isolated and structurally characterized, providing comparisons to previously established ligand sets with similar geometries.
On the evaluation of methods for the recovery of plant root systems from X-ray computed tomography images
Authors: Mairhofer Stefan , Sturrock Craig , Wells Darren M. , Bennett Malcolm J. , Mooney Sacha J. , Pridmore Tony P.
Published: December 2014

X-ray microcomputed tomography (μCT) allows nondestructive visualisation of plant root systems within their soil environment and thus offers an alternative to the commonly used destructive methodologies for the examination of plant roots and their interaction with the surrounding soil. Various methods for the recovery of root system information from X-ray computed tomography (CT) image data have been presented in the literature. Detailed, ideally quantitative, evaluation is essential, in order to determine the accuracy and limitations of the proposed methods, and to allow potential users to make informed choices among them. This, however, is a complicated task. Three-dimensional ground truth data are expensive to produce and the complexity of X-ray CT data means that manually generated ground truth may not be definitive. Similarly, artificially generated data are not entirely representative of real samples. The aims of this work are to raise awareness of the evaluation problem and to propose experimental approaches that allow the performance of root extraction methods to be assessed, ultimately improving the techniques available. To illustrate the issues, tests are conducted using both artificially generated images and real data samples.
Building partnerships for healthy environments: research, leadership and education
Authors: Thompson Susan , Kent Jennifer , Lyons Claudine
Published: December 2014

As populations across the globe face an increasing health burden from rising rates of obesity, diabetes and other lifestyle‐related diseases, health professionals are collaborating with urban planners to influence city design that supports healthy ways of living. This paper details the establishment and operation of an innovative, interdisciplinary collaboration that brings together urban planning and health. Situated in a built environment faculty at one of Australia's most prestigious universities, the Healthy Built Environments Program (HBEP) partners planning academics, a health non‐government organisation, local councils and private planning consultants in a state government health department funded consortium. The HBEP focuses on three strategic areas: research, workforce development and education, and leadership and advocacy. Interdisciplinary research includes a comprehensive literature review that establishes Australian‐based evidence to support the development, prioritisation and implementation of healthy built environment policies and practices. Another ongoing study examines the design features, social interventions and locational qualities that positively benefit human health. Formal courses, workshops, public lectures and e‐learning develop professional capacity, as well as skills in interdisciplinary practice to support productive collaborations between health professionals and planners. The third area involves working with government and non‐government agencies, and the private sector and the community, to advocate closer links between health and the built environment. Our paper presents an overview of the HBEP's major achievements. We conclude with a critical review of the challenges, revealing lessons in bringing health and planning closer together to create health‐supportive cities for the 21st century.
The Zebra Finch,Taeniopygia guttata: An Avian Model for Investigating the Neurobiological Basis of Vocal Learning
Authors: Mello Claudio V.
Published: December 2014

Songbirds are capable of learning their vocalizations by copying a singing adult. This vocal learning ability requires juveniles to hear and memorize the sound of the adult song, and later to imitate it through a process involving sensorimotor integration. Vocal learning is a trait that songbirds share with humans, where it forms the basis of spoken language acquisition, with other avian groups (parrots and hummingbirds), and with a few other mammals (cetaceans, bats). It is however absent in traditional model organisms such as rodents and nonhuman primates. Zebra finches, a songbird species from Australia, are popular pets and are easy to breed. They also sing a relatively simple and stereotyped song that is amenable to quantitative analysis. Zebra finches have thus emerged as a choice model organism for investigating the neurobiological basis of vocal learning. A number of tools and methodologies have been developed to characterize the bioacoustics properties of their song, analyze the degree of accurate copying during vocal learning, map the brain circuits that control singing and song learning, and investigate the physiology of these circuits. Such studies have led to a large base of knowledge on song production and learning, and their underlying neural substrate. Several molecular resources have recently become available, including brain cDNA/EST databases, microarrays, BAC libraries, a molecular brain atlas, a complete genome assembly, and the ability to perform transgenesis. The recent availability of many other avian genomes provides unique opportunities for comparative analysis in the search for features unique to vocal learning organisms.
Two-Dimensional Imaging of Fast Intracellular Ca2+ Release
Authors: Tian Qinghai , Kaestner Lars , Lipp Peter
Published: December 2014

Asynchronous release of calcium (Ca2+)—for example, the generation of Ca2+ alternans in cardiac myocytes—is a phenomenon important in the development of cardiac arrhythmogenesis. The development of a failure to release Ca2+ at individual release sites can be regarded as a major contributor to cardiac pathologies such as hypertrophy. Although confocal linescans provide sufficient temporal resolution to investigate the physiological and pathological cardiac excitation–contraction (EC) coupling, linescans can only image ∼1.5% of the cross section of myocytes, which raises doubts about how representative such recordings are, especially in light of nonhomogeneous uncoupling of Ca2+ channels and ryanodine receptors. Nowadays, the speed of confocal microscopes has been greatly improved, enabling two-dimensional (2D) imaging at sufficient image rates (>100 frames/sec). To understand better the physiological and pathophysiological EC coupling of cardiomyocytes, we describe here a protocol to monitor fast intracellular Ca2+ signals using fast 2D confocal scanning.
Firms in International Trade: Trade Policy Implications of the New New Trade Theory
Authors: Ciuriak Dan , Lapham Beverly , Wolfe Robert , Collins‐Williams Terry , Curtis John
Published: December 2014

This paper explores the implications of recent developments in firm‐based trade theory and empirics for trade policy and negotiations. While traditional trade theory focused on the country, and the new trade theory of the 1980s adopted the industry as the unit for analysis, the newest theory emphasizes the role of firms and firm heterogeneity in international trade. We describe insights from this reformulation of theory and the empirical literature that illuminates it. The realities of trade as now understood show the need for a new new trade policy. Evaluating trade at the level of the firm implies that overcoming firm‐level fixed costs of trade and reducing uncertainty lead to increased trade along margins that generate the highest productivity, innovation and welfare gains. The traditional market access agenda ought now to be less important on the multilateral agenda than services, standards, trade facilitation, procurement and innovation policy. The analytical needs of a new new trade policy require new models and more access to firm‐level data to formulate and evaluate the multifaceted impacts of trade policy.