bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Nucleosome flipping drives kinetic proofreading and processivity by SWR1
Authors: Girvan Paul , Jalal Adam S. B. , McCormack Elizabeth A. , Skehan Michael T. , Knight Carol L. , Wigley Dale B. , Rueda David S.
Published: November 2024

The yeast SWR1 complex catalyses the exchange of histone H2A–H2B dimers in nucleosomes, with Htz1–H2B dimers1–3. Here we used single-molecule analysis to demonstrate two-step double exchange of the two H2A–H2B dimers in a canonical yeast nucleosome with Htz1–H2B dimers, and showed that double exchange can be processive without release of the nucleosome from the SWR1 complex. Further analysis showed that bound nucleosomes flip between two states, with each presenting a different face, and hence histone dimer, to SWR1. The bound dwell time is longer when an H2A–H2B dimer is presented for exchange than when presented with an Htz1–H2B dimer. A hexasome intermediate in the reaction is bound to the SWR1 complex in a single orientation with the ‘empty’ site presented for dimer insertion. Cryo-electron microscopy analysis revealed different populations of complexes showing nucleosomes caught ‘flipping’ between different conformations without release, each placing a different dimer into position for exchange, with the Swc2 subunit having a key role in this process. Together, the data reveal a processive mechanism for double dimer exchange that explains how SWR1 can ‘proofread’ the dimer identities within nucleosomes.
Investigating the electronic properties and reactivity of polyaniline emeraldine base functionalized with metal oxides
Authors: Badry Rania , Elhaes Hanan , Ibrahim Asmaa , Refaat Ahmed , Ibrahim Medhat A.
Published: November 2024

Due to its appealing qualities, such as its miniature size and the ability to modify physical properties through chemical synthesis and molecular design, polymer material offers considerable advantages over traditional inorganic material-based electronics. Conjugate polymers are particularly interesting because of their molecular design capabilities, which enable the synthesis of conducting polymers with a variety of ionization potentials and electron affinities (EA), and their ability to control the energy gap and electronegativity (χ). Accordingly, density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP/SDD model was used to present possible interactions between polyaniline (PANi) and both alkali and heavy metal oxides. Total dipole moment (TDM), HOMO–LUMO band gap energy (ΔE), ionization energy (IE), EA, chemical hardness (η), chemical potential (μ), electrophilicity index (ω), chemical softness (S), and χ are calculated. TDM of PANi increased while ΔE decreased due to functionalization. The distribution of electronic charge density in molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) maps together with the results of ω reflected the electrophilic nature. The obtained results confirmed that the addition of metal oxides significantly improves the TDM, ΔE, and reactivity descriptors. A strong correlation between the experimental and calculated IR spectra was observed. Additionally, PANi–2MgO and PANi–2MnO model molecules exhibited the highest reactivity. Accordingly, PANi functionalized with MgO and MnO are promising candidates for energy storage devices.
Syntactic and semantic specialization in 9- to 10-year-old children during auditory sentence processing
Authors: Wang Jin , Wagley Neelima , Rice Mabel , Gaab Nadine , Booth James R.
Published: November 2024

Prior literature has debated whether syntax is separable from semantics in the brain. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and multi-voxel pattern analysis, our previous studies investigated brain activity during morpho-syntactic versus semantic processing. These studies only detected semantic specialization in activation patterns and no syntactic specialization in 5- to 6-year-old and 7- to 8-year-old children. To examine if older children who have mastered morpho-syntactic skills would show specialization for syntax, the current study examined 64 9- to 10-year-old children using the same design and analyses. We observed that only the left IFG pars opercularis was sensitive to syntactic but not semantic information, supporting the hypothesis that this region serves as a core region for syntax. In addition, the left STG which has been implicated in the integration of semantics and syntax, as well as the left MTG and IFG pars triangularis which have been implicated in semantics, were sensitive to both semantic and syntactic information with no evidence of specialization. These findings suggest a lexicalized view of syntax, which argues that semantically sensitive regions are also critical regions for syntactic processing during language comprehension.
The USP12/46 deubiquitinases protect integrins from ESCRT-mediated lysosomal degradation
Authors: Yu Kaikai , Wang Guan M , Guo Shiny Shengzhen , Bassermann Florian , Fässler Reinhard
Published: November 2024

The functions of integrins are tightly regulated via multiple mechanisms including trafficking and degradation. Integrins are repeatedly internalized, routed into the endosomal system and either degraded by the lysosome or recycled back to the plasma membrane. The ubiquitin system dictates whether internalized proteins are degraded or recycled. Here, we use a genetic screen and proximity-dependent biotin identification to identify deubiquitinase(s) that control integrin surface levels. We find that a ternary deubiquitinating complex, comprised of USP12 (or the homologous USP46), WDR48 and WDR20, stabilizes β1 integrin (Itgb1) by preventing ESCRT-mediated lysosomal degradation. Mechanistically, the USP12/46-WDR48-WDR20 complex removes ubiquitin from the cytoplasmic tail of internalized Itgb1 in early endosomes, which in turn prevents ESCRT-mediated sorting and Itgb1 degradation.
Consistency of HFrEF treatment effect in underrepresented groups in randomized clinical trials
Authors: Baudry Guillaume , Monzo Luca , Petrie Mark C. , Girerd Nicolas , Piña Ileana L. , Mebazaa Alexandre , Butler Javed , Abid Leila , Zannad Faiez , Van Spall Harriette G. C.
Published: November 2024

Despite the established efficacy of heart failure (HF) guideline-directed medical therapies, implementation varies across demographic groups, including Black, Indigenous, and people of color, older adults, females, and those who are socioeconomically deprived. This review synthesizes the representativeness of trial participants and describes subgroup analyses from pivotal trials in HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). It reviews the largely consistent treatment effect of medical therapies across the demographic groups represented in trials. It makes arguments for broad implementation of therapies based on these data, while calling for more representative trials to improve research and health equity in HF.
Aptamers in dentistry: diagnosis, therapeutics, and future perspectives
Authors: Yang Yang , Yang Zhen , Liu Hao , Zhou Yongsheng
Published: November 2024

Application of DNA/RNA aptamers in dentistry.
Scaling up electrochemical CO2 reduction: enhancing the performance of metalloporphyrin complexes in zero-gap electrolyzers
Authors: Wiesner Wiebke , Arias Jenny Yurley Maldonado , Jökel Julia , Cao Rui , Apfel Ulf-Peter
Published: November 2024

Herein, six variants of metalloporphyrins (Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Ag) were tested in gas diffusion electrodes for zero-gap electrolyzers and achieved CO faradaic efficiencies ranging from <1% to nearly 100%, highlighting their catalytic potential.
A MOF-derived CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst for methanol production from CO2 reduction in an AI-assisted continuous flow reactor
Authors: Jaksani Bhavya , Chauhan Ruchi , Kshirsagar Switi Dattatraya , Rana Abhilash , Pal Ujjwal , Singh Ajay K.
Published: November 2024

An AI-assisted continuous flow reactor for CO2 reduction to methanol using a MOF-derived CuO/TiO2 photocatalyst.
Pyrazolate-supported Cr3(μ3-O) cores; homovalent CrIII3 and mixed-valent CrIII2CrIV
Authors: López-Plá Jessica M. , Obies Mohammed , Zahariou Georgia , Pissas Michael , Sanakis Yiannis , McGrady John E. , Raptis Raphael G.
Published: November 2024

The thermally assisted reaction of Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, 4-Cl-pzH, and Et3N yielded electrochemically active trinuclear CrIII–oxo–pyrazolate complexes with formula (Ph4P)2[Cr3(μ3-O)(μ-4-Cl-pz)6X3], X = Cl (1) and Br (2).
Helical aromatic foldamers with tubular cavities capable of accommodating multiple halide ions
Authors: Lee Seungwon , Lee Byeung Ju , Song Geunmoo , Jeong Kyu-Sung
Published: November 2024

A series of pyridinium–indolocarbazole oligomers has been synthesized, which fold into helical structures with tubular cavities capable of accommodating up to four iodide ions in a linear arrangement.
Synthesis of substituent-free dioxadiaza[8]circulene to investigate intermolecular interactions and photophysical properties
Authors: Nakagawa Aoi , Ota Wataru , Ehara Takumi , Matsuo Yusuke , Miyata Kiyoshi , Onda Ken , Sato Tohru , Seki Shu , Tanaka Takayuki
Published: November 2024

Substituent-free dioxadiaza[8]circulene has been synthesized and its dense packing structure and optical properties were analyzed in detail.
Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy of the ClCO radical
Authors: Chang Chin-Hua , Tsai Chen-Hand , Endo Yasuki
Published: November 2024

Pure rotational transitions of the ClCO radical were observed by Fourier-transform microwave spectroscopy. The radical has 2A′ ground electronic state and shows fine and hyperfine splitting due to the nuclear spin of chlorine.
Influence of triphosphine ligand coordination geometry in Mn(i) hydride complexes [(P∩P∩P)(CO)2MnH] on their kinetic hydricity
Authors: Kovalenko Sergey A. , Gulyaeva Ekaterina S. , Osipova Elena S. , Filippov Oleg A. , Danshina Anastasia A. , Vendier Laure , Kireev Nikolay V. , Godovikov Ivan A. , Canac Yves , Valyaev Dmitry A. , Belkova Natalia V. , Shubina Elena S.
Published: November 2024

A manganese complex based on a tripodal phosphine ligand has stronger hydride transfer ability than its pincer-type analogue.
An octanuclear 3-phenyl-5-(2-pyridyl)pyrazolate/phenylsilsesquioxane complex: synthesis, unique structure, and catalytic activity
Authors: Bilyachenko Alexey N. , Khrustalev Victor N. , Huang Zhibin , Shul'pina Lidia S. , Dorovatovskii Pavel V. , Shubina Elena S. , Ikonnikov Nikolay S. , Lobanov Nikolai N. , Ragimov Karim , Sun Di
Published: November 2024

The first example of a mixed ligand, metallasilsesquioxane/pyrazolylpyridine, Cu8-based complex adopts a unique structure and exhibits very high catalytic activity in the oxidation of alkanes and alcohols.
Reactions of a geminal Sc/P Lewis pair with pyridotetrazole and beyond
Authors: Guan Yiwen , Xu Xian , Xu Xin
Published: November 2024

An FLP pyridyl nitrene adduct was isolated from the denitrogenative reaction of the Sc/P complex with pyridotetrazole. FLP reactivity of the Sc/P complex with many small molecules were investigated with the generation of metallacyclic complexes.
(B,P,Co,Fe)-Ni modified on nanowood for boosting seawater urea electro-oxidation
Authors: Chen Hongjiao , Zhang Kewei , Xia Yanzhi , Li Jian , Hui Bin
Published: November 2024

Coupling the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in seawater is desirable to produce sustainable and green hydrogen due to the reduced energy consumption.
Investigation of direct simultaneous uranium isotopic determination and age dating of micrometer-sized uranium particles by laser ablation – multi-collector ICPMS
Authors: Humbert Anne-Claire , Pointurier Fabien , Hubert Amélie
Published: November 2024

The proposed method offers to the analytical community an alternative technique for uranium particle aged dating more widely available than LG SIMS. Moreover, working on μm-sized particles reduces issues with laser-induced fractionation.
Synthesis of naphthoquinone-fused enediyne sugar polysulfates for nanomolar inhibition of coronavirus
Authors: Huang Xiaohua , Miao Jing , Zheng Hongyu , Mao Lingjing , Ding Zhe , Yu Xinyu , Xu Jingtao , Lan Jiaming , Hu Aiguo
Published: November 2024

Naphthoquinone-fused enediyne sugar polysulfates disrupt viral structure and effectively inhibit viral infection at nanomolar concentrations with a selectivity index exceeding 50 000.
Synchronously improved luminescence efficiency and thermal stability of organic–inorganic chloride single crystals through doping of Sb3+
Authors: Chen Zongqi , Li Aibo , Xie Yushan , Long Haoqi , Zhou Qiang , Jiang Long , Ren Peng , Wang Zhengliang
Published: November 2024

Synchronously improved luminescence efficiency and thermal stability of (CH3)4NMnCl3:Sb3+ crystals through doping of Sb3+ exhibits potential applications in white LEDs.
A Cd2GeO4 hexagonal plate based breath acetone chemiresistor for diabetes diagnosis
Authors: Liu Siyuan , Chang Junqing , Zhang Ruofan , Cao Kaifa , Deng Zanhong , Wang Shimao , You Libing , Fang Xiaodong , Meng Gang
Published: November 2024

A SDS surfactant has been employed to tune the morphology of Cd2GeO4 from nanoparticles to hexagonal plates, which results in a significant response enhancement to acetone, raising the hope of diabetes diagnosis via breath analysis.
Radical ring-opening polymerization of five-membered cyclic ketene acetals with the tetraleucine macromonomer toward preparation of self-assembling peptide-grafted polyesters
Authors: Nishimura Shin-nosuke , Hasegawa Miki Launois , Ueda Katsuya , Koga Tomoyuki
Published: November 2024

Graft copolymers were synthesized via radical ring-opening copolymerization of 2-methylene-1,3-dioxolane and a tetraleucine peptide macromonomer. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to discuss the copolymerization behavior.
HKUST-1 MOF nanoparticles: a non-classical crystallization route in supercritical CO2
Authors: Feng Ji , Lau Almond , Novosselov Igor V.
Published: November 2024

High-quality HKUST-1 nanoparticles are synthesized via a non-classical crystallization process in a continuous flow reactor using supercritical CO2.
Advances in flexible ionic thermal sensors: present and perspectives
Authors: Zhao Zehao , Shen Yun , Hu Run , Xu Dongyan
Published: November 2024

Review of ionic thermal sensors (ITSs) – flexible, biocompatible alternatives to electronic sensors – covering mechanisms, sensor architecture, multimodal sensors, applications, and future perspectives. Images reproduced with permission, see article.
A glycosylated AIE-active Fe(iii) photosensitizer activated by the tumor microenvironment for synergistic type I photodynamic and chemodynamic therapy
Authors: Feng Gai-Li , Zhou Wei , Qiao Jin-ping , Liu Guang-Jian , Xing Guo-Wen
Published: November 2024

This work presents a novel tumor microenvironment-activated photosensitizer employed for the combined action of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemodynamic therapy (CDT), which synergistically functions to effectively kill tumor cells.
Palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of 4-vinyl-4-butyrolactones with sulfamate-derived cyclic imines: construction of sulfamate-fused pyrrolidines
Authors: Sun Honghao , Ding Siyuan , Wang Bo , Huang Jiaxing , Guo Hongchao
Published: November 2024

The palladium-catalyzed [3 + 2] decarboxylative cycloaddition of 4-vinyl-4-butyrolactones with sulfamate-derived cyclic imines has been developed, providing the sulfamate-fused pyrrolidine derivatives in high yields with good diastereoselectivities.
Bisbenzothieno[b]-fused BODIPYs in panchromatic photoinitiation for free radical and cationic photopolymerization and application in 3D printing
Authors: Xu Yangyang , Tang Wenlong , Deng Hui , Zhang Jianjun , Zhu Zhongquan , Yu Changjiang , Zhu Haiguang , Sun Ke , Li Jiazhu , Lalevée Jacques
Published: November 2024

A family of BODIPY derivatives were reported to exhibit panchromatic behavior for the effective induction of polymerization reactions at both ends of the visible spectrum, e.g. LED@405 nm and LED@660 nm, with practical applications in 3D printing.
Dynamic satellite–parent liposome networks for quantitative microreactions
Authors: Tian Jia-Qi , Deng Nan-Nan
Published: November 2024

A dynamic satellite–parent liposome network was developed to explore molecular transfer and quantitative microreactions through environmental stimuli, offering a platform to mimic multicellular systems in vitro.
Photochemical carboborylation and three-component difunctionalization of α,β-unsaturated ketones with boronic acids via tosylhydrazones
Authors: Valdés-Maqueda Álvaro , Plaza Manuel , Valdés Carlos
Published: November 2024

The photochemical carboborylation of α,β-unsaturated tosylhydrazones with boronic acids gives tertiary allylboronates. A one pot sequence involving an aldehyde allylation provides a powerful three-component method for diversity oriented synthesis.
Correction: Second-shell modulation on porphyrin-like Pt single atom catalysts for boosting oxygen reduction reaction
Authors: Najam Tayyaba , Shah Syed Shoaib Ahmad , Yin Hanqing , Xiao Xin , Talib Shamraiz , Ji Qianqian , Deng Yonggui , Javed Muhammad Sufyan , Hu Jie , Zhao Ruo , Du Aijun , Cai Xingke , Xu Qiang
Published: November 2024

Correction for ‘Second-shell modulation on porphyrin-like Pt single atom catalysts for boosting oxygen reduction reaction’ by Tayyaba Najam et al., Chem. Sci., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1039/d4sc03369h.
Hydrogel-based 3D fabrication of multiple replicas with varying sizes and materials from a single template via iterative shrinking
Authors: Heo Eunseok , Koo Hye Been , Yang Jun Chang , Cho In , Lee Hyun-Hee , Yoon Yong-Jin , Park Steve , Chang Jae-Byum
Published: November 2024

We present a novel fabrication method of 3D-printed structures via iterative molding and shrinking with stretchable and shrinkable hydrogels with feature sizes beyond the resolution limits of conventional 3D printers.
Co-assembly of cellulose nanocrystals and gold nanorods: insights from molecular dynamics modelling
Authors: Hou Jiaxin , Sampson William , Dumanli Ahu Gümrah
Published: November 2024

A molecular dynamics model for binary self-assembly, indicating a preferential localisation due to density differences under sedimentation conditions.
Dynamics of polymers in coarse-grained nematic solvents
Authors: Valei Zahra K. , Wamsler Karolina , Parker Alex J. , Obara Therese A. , Klotz Alexander R. , Shendruk Tyler N.
Published: November 2024

Hairpins serve as crucial conformational degrees of freedom for polymers embedded in nematic backgrounds, affecting their diffusivity and revealing the intricate interplay between macromolecular conformation and anisotropic nature of environment.
Dynamics of switching processes: general results and applications in intermittent active motion
Authors: Santra Ion , Olsen Kristian Stølevik , Gupta Deepak
Published: November 2024

Particle shows a propelling active motion with intermittent passive Brownian motion.
Understanding polymer–colloid gels: a solvent perspective using low-field NMR
Authors: Hervéou Léo , Legrand Gauthier , Divoux Thibaut , Baeza Guilhem P.
Published: November 2024

We perform a dual rheological and NMR systematic characterization of CMC/CB hydrogels emphasizing phase transitions through the variation of both the gel formulation and temperature.
Unveiling the solar-driven synergistic production of a cyclic fuel-additive and carbon-free solar fuel from biogenic furfural: mediated by a metal-free organic semiconductor
Authors: Dhingra Shivali , Jaryal Arpna , Chauhan Deepak Kumar , Kailasam Kamalakannan
Published: November 2024

This study offers an intriguing avenue to harness metal-free photocatalysts for the production of a bio-fuel additive (2-furyl-1,3-dioxolane) integrated with H2O2 production by effectively tapping the potential of both the charge carriers.
Phase diagram of ZIF-4 from computer simulations
Authors: Méndez Emilio , Semino Rocio
Published: November 2024

Well-tempered metadynamics simulations are employed to explore the phase diagram of ZIF-4, a porous crystalline metal–organic framework of industrial relevance.
Solvation and interfacial chemistry in ionic liquid based electrolytes toward rechargeable lithium-metal batteries
Authors: Tu Haifeng , Peng Keyang , Xue Jiangyan , Xu Jingjing , Zhao Jiawei , Guo Yuyue , Lu Suwan , Wang Zhicheng , Chen Liquan , Li Hong , Wu Xiaodong
Published: November 2024

Ionic liquids have further propelled the development of LMBs with their unique properties. In this review, the recent advances by regulating solvation and interfacial chemistry in IL-based electrolytes were systematically discussed.
A doubly interpenetrated perylene diimide-based zirconium metal–organic framework for selective oxidation of sulfides powered by blue light
Authors: Wei Chao , Lu Ming , Li Jing-Jing , Diao Ze-Jiu , Liu Guoliang , Liu Xiao-Qin , Sun Lin-Bing
Published: November 2024

A doubly interpenetrated perylene diimide-based zirconium metal–organic framework is developed as a heterogeneous photocatalyst for selective photocatalytic oxidation of organic sulfides powered by blue light.
Rationally engineered smart automotive upholstery leather based on gradient feeding in situ one-pot reaction in microreactors of natural skin
Authors: Han Qingxin , Fan Huishu , Wang Xuechuan , Zhang Junli , Liu Xinhua , Guan Xiaoyu
Published: November 2024

By combining common eco-friendly materials with a "gradient feeding in situ one-step strategy", the limitations of traditional multi-component, complex processes are overcome, enabling the development of ACG leather as a novel smart material.
Electron transport kinetics for viologen-containing polypeptides with varying side group linker spacing
Authors: Easley Alexandra D. , Li Cheng-Han , Li Shih-Guo , Nguyen Tan P. , Mick Kuo Kai-Hua , Wooley Karen L. , Tabor Daniel P. , Lutkenhaus Jodie L.
Published: November 2024

The role of the linker (the group connecting viologen moieties to peptide-based backbones) in electron transfer was studied. The backbone dictated the mechanism of electron transfer, whereas the linker length altered the rate of electron transfer.
Unravelling molecular mechanobiology using DNA-based fluorogenic tension sensors
Authors: Pal Kaushik
Published: November 2024

Tiny piconewton level forces play a big role in the biological system.
Lightweight flexible self-powered photo-supercapacitors with good stability through photoelectrochemical deposition of tellurium on PPy–V2O5 films as a new visible light active dual photoelectrode
Authors: Momeni Mohamad Mohsen , Aydisheh Hossein Mohammadzadeh , Lee Byeong-Kyu , Naderi Ali
Published: November 2024

Lightweight flexible solid-state photosupercapacitors (FSSPC) with two identical Te@PPy–V2O5 photoelectrodes showed good performance and maintained functionality under different bending angles. They also demonstrated stability from −10 °C to 50 °C.
Manipulation of electrical performance in Al-based Josephson junctions via oxygen vacancies in barrier
Authors: Qiu Junling , Wang Shuya , Sun Huihui , Han Chuanbing , Shan Zheng
Published: November 2024

Here, we reveal that the electronic structures and transport properties of Al/AlOX/Al JJs are highly dependent on the positions of OVs in the barrier by developing JJ models incorporating different positions, distributions, and numbers of OVs.
High-performance circularly polarized photodetectors based on chiral transfer of achiral poly(9,9-dioctylfluorene)
Authors: Wu Xiaocheng , Liu Junjie , Xu Yunhao , Qiu Longzhen , Wang Xiaohong
Published: November 2024

High-performance circularly polarized photodetectors with photocurrent asymmetry factor (|gph|) as high as 0.58 were prepared by a blending-induced chiral transfer method.
Concurrent improvements in coercivity and corrosion resistance for Nd6Fe13Ga-reconstructed Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets
Authors: Shen Rui , Xu Shuainan , Wang Congyi , Yang Enxiang , Liu Xiaolian , Fu Song , Jin Weiyang , Pan Yu , Zhao Lizhong , Guan Pengfei , Zhang Xuefeng
Published: November 2024

The generation and existence of the Nd6Fe13Ga phase provide new insights into the corrosion mechanism of Nd–Fe–B sintered magnets. Furthermore, both the coercivity and corrosion resistance have been improved concurrently.
Electronic, phononic, and superconducting properties of FeHx (x = 1–6) at 150 GPa
Authors: Quan Hao , Li Shi-Na , Han Yu-Lin , Si Jian-Guo , Zhang Wen-Xue , Li Wei-Dong , Wang Bao-Tian
Published: November 2024

We report the effects of the hydrogen content on the electronic, mechanical, and superconducting properties of FeHx (x = 1–6).
A novel broadband near-infrared phosphor Na3Mg4LiSi12O30:Cr3+: moderate synthesis and application
Authors: Jia Zhenwei , Zhao Xiaohui , Gao Jingyi , Sun Tongqing , Wu Li , Kong Yongfa , Xu Jingjun
Published: November 2024

A novel broadband NIR phosphor Na3Mg4LiSi12O30:Cr3+ is used to fabricate a NIR pc-LED, which shows application potential in tissue penetration, night vision, and alcohol detection.
Neuroprotective properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles: therapeutic implications for Parkinson's disease
Authors: Tang Kim San , See Wesley Zhi Chung , Naidu Rakesh
Published: November 2024

Parkinson's disease (PD) significantly affects millions of people worldwide due to the progressive degeneration of dopamine-producing neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta. Despite extensive research efforts, effective treatments that can halt or reverse the progression of PD remain elusive. In recent years, nanotechnology has emerged as a promising new avenue for addressing this challenge, with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) standing out for their extensive therapeutic potential. ZnO-NPs have shown remarkable promise in neuroprotection through several key mechanisms. The multifaceted properties of ZnO-NPs suggest that they could play a crucial role in intervening across various fundamental mechanisms implicated in PD. By targeting these mechanisms, ZnO-NPs offer new insights and potential strategies for managing and treating PD. This review aims to provide a thorough examination of the molecular mechanisms through which ZnO-NPs exert their neuroprotective effects. It highlights their potential as innovative therapeutic agents for PD and outlines directions for future research to explore and harness their full capabilities.
CXCL5 inhibition ameliorates acute kidney injury and prevents the progression from acute kidney injury to chronic kidney disease
Authors: Chang Ting-Ting , Li Szu-Yuan , Tsai Ming-Tsun , Chiang Chih-Hung , Chen Ching , Chen Jaw-Wen
Published: November 2024

Acute kidney injury (AKI) increases the risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD). CXC motif chemokine ligand 5 (CXCL5) is up-regulated in kidney diseases. We aimed to investigate the direct effect of CXCL5 on the pathology of AKI. Serum and renal expression of CXCL5 were increased in animals with renal ischemia–reperfusion injury or unilateral ureteral obstruction. CXCL5-knockout mice exhibited reduced systemic oxidative stress and preserved renal function in the acute and chronic phases of AKI, as evidenced by reductions in serum BUN and creatinine levels, the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio, and the kidney-to-body weight ratio. CXCL5-knockout mice improved AKI-induced tubular injury and fibrosis, reduced renal macrophage infiltration, and reduced expression of NADPH oxidase and inflammatory and fibrotic proteins. CXCL5 activated p47 to up-regulate ROS generation and induce cellular damages through CXCR2. CXCL5 knockdown exerted antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and anti-apoptotic effects on hypoxia-reoxygenation-stimulated renal proximal tubular epithelial cells. Clinical data indicated elevated circulating and renal CXCL5 in CKD patients, and renal CXCL5 was correlated with increased renal fibrosis and decreased estimated glomerular filtration rate. Altogether, CXCL5 levels increased in experimental AKI and clinical CKD, and in vivo and in vitro CXCL5 inhibition may reduce acute tubular injury and prevent the subsequent progression from AKI to CKD.
Influences of Attentional Focus on Across- and Within-Sentence Variability in Adults Who Do and Do Not Stutter
Authors: Bauerly Kim R. , Jackson Eric S.
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

Research has found an advantage to maintaining an external attentional focus while speaking as an increase in accuracy and a decrease in across-sentence variability has been found when producing oral-motor and speech tasks. What is not clear is how attention affects articulatory variability both
across
and
within
sentences, or how attention affects articulatory control in speakers who stutter. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an internal versus external attention focus on articulatory variability at the sentence level.

Method:

This study used linear (spatial-temporal index [STI]) and nonlinear (recurrence quantification analysis [RQA]) indices to measure lip aperture variability in 10 adults who stutter (AWS) and 15 adults who do not stutter (ANS) while they repeated sentences under an internal versus external attentional focus, virtual reality task (withVR.app; retrieved December 2023 from
https://therapy.withvr.app
). Four RQA measures were used to calculate within sentence variability including percent recurrence, percent determinism (%DET), stability (MAXLINE), and stationarity (TREND). Sentence duration measures were also obtained.

Results:

AWS' movement durations were significantly longer than those of the ANS across conditions, and the AWS were more affected by the attentional focus shifts as their speech rate significantly increased when speaking with an external focus. AWS' speech patterns were also significantly more deterministic (%DET) and stable (MAXLINE) across attentional focus conditions compared to those of the ANS. Both groups showed an effect from attentional shifts as they exhibited less variability (i.e., more consistent) across sentences (STI) and less determinism (%DET) and stability (MAXLINE) within sentences when repeating sentences under an external attentional focus. STI values were not significantly different between the AWS and ANS for the internal or external attentional focus tasks. There were no significant main effects for group or condition for TREND; however, a main effect for sentence type was found.

Conclusion:

Results suggest that AWS use a more restrictive and less flexible approach to movement and that an external focus fosters more flexibility and thus responsiveness to external factors.
Mind–Body Practices and Exercise in the Rehabilitation of Poststroke Aphasia, Mild Cognitive Impairment, and Dementia
Authors: Neils-Strunjas Jean , Gore Jacqueline Sue Laures , Dietz Aimee , Wiatr Mona , Thompson Dara
Published: November 2024

Purpose:

The purpose of this article is to provide speech-language pathologists (SLPs) with a background in mind–body practices and exercise to prevent and treat cognitive, language, and cognitive communication disorders from a healthy aging viewpoint.

Method:

An online database search was conducted using a narrative review of mind–body interventions recommended by SLPs and other rehabilitation specialists.

Conclusions:

Mind–body practices and exercise are a low-cost, accessible, nonpharmacological intervention that may promote beneficial outcomes for individuals who are at risk for neurologic disease. Recent research on risk factors for mild cognitive impairment and dementia suggests that the underlying disease progression may be slowed or stopped with lifestyle modification (e.g., increased physical activity). Additionally, individuals recovering from stroke could potentially experience better outcomes with lifestyle modification (e.g., stress reduction). There has been increased popular interest in mindfulness as a component of a healthy lifestyle, which suggests that both patients and therapists may be receptive to incorporating it into traditional rehabilitation practices, provided there is reasonable support for its benefits. The aim of this article is to provide a rationale for integrating mind–body practices and exercise into speech-language pathology services to decrease levels of unhealthy stress, increase physical activity, and enhance cognition and communication.
Review of the opportunities and challenges to accelerate mass‐scale application of smart grids with large‐language models
Authors: Shi Heng , Fang Lurui , Chen Xiaoyang , Gu Chenghong , Ma Kang , Zhang Xinsong , Zhang Zhong , Gu Juping , Lim Eng Gee
Published: November 2024

Smart grids represent a paradigm shift in the electricity industry, moving from traditional one‐way systems to more dynamic, interconnected networks. These grids are characterised by their intelligent automation, robust structure, and enhanced interaction with customers, backed by comprehensive monitoring and data analytics. The key of this transformation is the integration of data‐driven methods into smart grids. Compared to previous big data solutions, large language models (LLMs), with their advanced generalisation abilities and multi‐modal competencies, are crucial in effectively managing and integrating diverse data sources. They address challenges such as data inconsistency, inadequate quality, and heterogeneity, thereby enhancing the operational efficiency and reliability of smart grids. Furthermore, at the system level, LLMs improve human–system interactions, making smart grids more user‐friendly and intuitive. Last but not the least, the structure of LLMs performs inherent advantages in bolstering system security and privacy, alongside in resolving issues related to system compatibility and integration. The paper reviews the data‐empowered smart grids and for the first time finds and proposes opportunities and future directions for adopting LLMs to accelerate the mass‐scale application of Smart Grids.
Muti‐units day‐ahead scheduling involving the pumped storages and considering deep‐load regulation
Authors: Tan Yudong , Wen Ming , Zhou Ting , Li Jiaxi , Cai Ye
Published: November 2024

This paper presents a day‐ahead scheduling for multi‐energy entities. The deep load regulation involving pumped storages, which refers to deep peak regulation, is adopted to address the impact of wind power and photovoltaic (PV) uncertainties, thereby improving the economic efficiencies of day‐ahead dispatching. And the impact of different peak valley electricity price differences on the peak shaving effectiveness of pumped storage energy was studied. Firstly, the multi‐scenario random programming method is applied to solve the prediction uncertainties of wind power and PV output in the day‐ahead. Subsequently, the multi‐scenario set of day‐ahead wind power and PV output and the load forecasting curve are considered. A pumped storage scheduling model is then established integrating the hydropower, thermal power and pumped storage. The optimal generation scheduling of pumped storage and thermal units is determined by minimizing load fluctuations and peak shaving costs. Finally, a local power grid in the Hunan province of China is selected for verification. It is shown that the proposed model can effectively accommodate the fluctuation of renewable energy output, reduce the peak regulating pressure of thermal units, and improve the operational economy of the power system.
The importance of stochasticity in determining galaxy emissivities and UV LFs during cosmic dawn and reionization
Authors: Nikolić Ivan , Mesinger Andrei , Davies James E. , Prelogović David
Published: November 2024

The stochastic nature of star formation and photon propagation in high-redshift galaxies can result in sizable galaxy-to-galaxy scatter in their properties. Ignoring this scatter by assuming mean quantities can bias estimates of their emissivity and corresponding observables. We constructed a flexible, semi-empirical model, sampling scatter around the following mean relations: (i) the conditional halo mass function (CHMF); (ii) the stellar-to-halo mass relation (SHMR); (iii) the galaxy star formation main sequence (SFMS); (iv) the fundamental metallicity relation (FMR); (v) the conditional intrinsic luminosity; and (vi) the photon escape fraction. In our fiducial model, ignoring scatter in these galaxy properties overestimates the duration of the Epoch of Reionization (EoR), delaying its completion by Δz ∼ 1–2. We quantified the relative importance of each of the above sources of scatter in determining the ionizing, soft-band X-ray, and Lyman Werner (LW) emissivities as a function of scale and redshift. We find that scatter around the SFMS is important for all bands, especially at the highest redshifts where the emissivity is dominated by the faintest, most “bursty” galaxies. Ignoring this scatter would underestimate the mean emissivity and its standard deviation computed over 5 cMpc regions by factors of up to ∼2–10 at 5 ≲ z ≲ 15. The scatter around the X-ray luminosity to star formation rate and metallicity relation is important for determining X-ray emissivity, accounting for roughly half of its mean and standard deviation. The importance of scatter in the ionizing escape fraction depends on its functional form, while scatter around the SHMR contributes at the level of ∼10–20%. Other sources of scatter have a negligible contribution to the emissivities. Although scatter does flatten the UV luminosity functions, shifting the bright end by 1–2 magnitudes, the level of scatter in our fiducial model is insufficient to fully explain recent estimates from JWST photometry (consistent with previous studies). We conclude that models of the EoR should account for the burstiness of star formation, while models for the cosmic 21 cm signal should additionally account for scatter in intrinsic X-ray production.
Global magnetic field properties in the solar wind interaction of Mercury from MESSENGER measurements
Authors: Zhong Jun , Wang Yang
Published: November 2024

Context. The space environment of Mercury is shaped by its proximity to the Sun and by the relatively weak planetary magnetic field, presenting a unique regime of plasmas and shock conditions.

Aims. We present the global magnetic properties in Mercury’s space environment based on more than 4 years of MESSENGER Magnetometer data.

Methods. We used 20 Hz magnetic field data to examine the magnetic strength, the field configurations, and the fluctuations. We considered both compressional and transverse modes, with frequencies from 5 mHz to 10 Hz, which cover typical ultra-low frequency waves at Mercury. We identified regions of the solar wind, the magnetosheath, and the magnetosphere during over 4000 MESSENGER orbits. The solar wind and magnetosheath data were analysed in the solar wind interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) coordinate system, and the magnetosphere data were analysed in the aberrated Mercury solar magnetospheric coordinate system. Each data point was relocated into normalised space using averaged magnetopause and bow-shock models. The magnetic environments for a quasi-parallel and quasi-perpendicular IMF were compared.

Results. Under the typical Parker-spiral IMF, the magnetic environment of Mercury features strong fluctuations that are dominated by the transverse mode and stem from interactions at the bow shock and the magnetopause. When they are subjected to a quasi-perpendicular IMF, the magnetic fluctuations diminish, and the magnetic field strength becomes highly compressed throughout the bow shock, magnetosheath, and magnetosphere. Unlike Earth, Mercury exhibits weaker dawn-dusk asymmetries in magnetic field strength and lacks substantial magnetosheath-generated sources of magnetic fluctuations. The magnetic field draping pattern associated with the IMF cone angle at Mercury also differs from that at Earth.

Conclusions. Our comparative analysis highlights the critical role of the solar wind Mach number, the radial IMF component, and the system scale size in shaping planetary space environments.
Measurement of interstellar extinction for classical T Tauri stars using far-UV H2 line fluxes
Authors: Fuhrmeister B. , Schneider P. C. , Sperling Th. , France K. , Campbell-White J. , Eislöffel J.
Published: November 2024

Understanding the interstellar and potentially circumstellar extinction in the sight lines of classical T Tauri stars is an important ingredient for constructing reliable spectral energy distributions, which catalyze protoplanetary disk chemistry, for example. Therefore, some attempts of measuring AV toward individual stars have been made using partly different wavelength regimes and different underlying assumptions. We used strong lines of Lyα fluorescent H2 and derived the extinction based on the assumption of optically thin transitions. We investigated a sample of 72 classical T Tauri stars observed with the Hubble Space Telescope in the framework of the ULLYSES program. We computed AV and RV values for the 34 objects with sufficient data quality and an additionally AV value for the canonical RV = 3.1 value. Our results agree largely with values obtained from optical data. Moreover, we confirm the degeneracy between AV and RV and present possibilities to break this. Finally, we discuss whether the assumption of optical thin lines is valid.
H2–H2O demixing in Uranus and Neptune: Adiabatic structure models
Authors: Cano Amoros M. , Nettelmann N. , Tosi N. , Baumeister P. , Rauer H.
Published: November 2024

Context. Demixing properties of major planetary constituents influence the interior structure and evolution of planets. Comparing experimental and computational data on the miscibility of hydrogen and water to adiabatic profiles suggests that phase separation between these two components occurs in the ice giants Uranus and Neptune.

Aims. We aim to predict the atmospheric water abundance and transition pressure between the water-poor outer envelope and the water-rich deep interior in Uranus and Neptune.

Methods. We constructed seven H2–H2O phase diagrams from the available experimental and computational data. We computed interior adiabatic structure models and compared these to the phase diagrams to infer whether demixing occurred.

Results. We obtain a strong water depletion in the top layer due to the rain-out of water and find upper limits on the atmospheric water-mass fraction Zatm of 0.21 for Uranus and 0.16 for Neptune. The transition from the water-poor to the water-rich layer is sharp and occurs at pressures PZ between 4 and 11 GPa. Using these constraints on Zatm and PZ, we find that the observed gravitational harmonics J2 and J4 can be reproduced if PZ ≳ 10 GPa in Uranus and ≳5 GPa in Neptune, and if the deep interior has a high primordial water-mass fraction of 0.8, unless rocks are also present. The agreement with J4 is improved if rocks are confined deeper than PZ, for instance, below a rock cloud level at 2000 K (20–30 GPa).

Conclusions. These findings confirm classical few-layer models and suggest that a layered structure may result from a combination of primordial mass accretion and subsequent phase separation. Reduced observational uncertainty in J4 and its dynamic contribution, atmospheric water abundance measurements from the Uranus Orbiter and Probe (UOP) or a Neptune mission, and better understanding of the mixing behaviour of constituents are needed to constrain the interiors of ice giants.
Linking the primordial composition of planet building disks to the present-day composition of rocky exoplanets
Authors: Adibekyan V. , Deal M. , Dorn C. , Dittrich I. , Soares B. M. T. B. , Sousa S. G. , Santos N. C. , Bitsch B. , Mordasini C. , Barros S. C. C. , Bossini D. , Campante T. L. , Delgado Mena E. , Demangeon O. D. S. , Figueira P. , Moedas N. , Martirosyan Zh. , Israelian G. , Hakobyan A. A.
Published: November 2024

Context. The composition of rocky planets is strongly driven by the primordial materials in the protoplanetary disk, which can be inferred from the abundances of the host star. Understanding this compositional link is crucial for characterizing exoplanets.

Aims. We aim to investigate the relationship between the compositions of low-mass planets and their host stars.

Methods. We determined the primordial compositions of host stars using high-precision present-day stellar abundances and stellar evolutionary models. These primordial abundances were then input into a stoichiometric model to estimate the composition of planet-building blocks. Additionally, we employed a three-component planetary interior model (core, mantle, and water in different phases) to estimate planetary compositions based only on their radius and mass.

Results. We find that although stellar abundances vary over time, relevant abundance ratios such as Fe/Mg remain relatively constant during the main sequence evolution for low temperature stars. A strong correlation is found between the iron-to-silicate mass fraction of protoplanetary disks and planets, while no significant correlation was observed for water mass fractions. The Fe/Mg ratio varies significantly between planets and their stars, indicating substantial disk-driven compositional diversity, and this ratio also correlates with planetary radius.

Conclusions. While stellar abundances, as a proxy of the composition of protoplanetary disk, provide a baseline for planetary composition, significant deviations arise due to complex disk processes, challenging the assumption of a direct, one-to-one elemental relationship between stars and their planets.
Exploring Behavioral Determinants of Women Who Had an Abortion in Java, Indonesia
Authors: Romadlona Nohan Arum , Utomo Budi , Besral  , Aryanty Riznawaty Imma
Published: November 2024

Stigma on abortion has limited the study of abortion in several countries, including Indonesia. Understanding factors of abortion can improve programs and policies aimed at increasing women’s sexual and reproductive health and rights, especially abortion. This study aims to draw a picture of the behavioral determinants of women who had abortions.

This cross-sectional study utilized data from a community-based survey of 8,969 randomly selected women aged 15-49 in six provinces in Java. Data were collected via an interviewer-administered structured questionnaire, collecting information on socio-demographic characteristics, experience using contraception, pregnancy, abortion, partner violence, and other issues related to reproductive health. Structural Equation Modeling Analysis was used to get an overview of the structural determinants of women who had abortions based on the concept of Integrated Behavioral Model Theory.

Model fit with RMSEA value = 0.037, CFI = 0.924, and SRMR =0.048. Intention shows the most significant direct effect on abortion. The experience of physical and sexual violence, the attitude toward the impact of ending pregnancy, and the lack of contraception knowledge have a direct effect on increasing the intention to have an abortion.
Niereninfarkt bei Cannabis-Konsum
Authors: Kolks Oliver , Stahlhoff Stefan , Lichtenberg Michael
Published: November 2024

Einführung Der Niereninfarkt ist eine seltene Ursache für ein akutes Nierenversagen; der Zusammenhang mit dem Cannabis-Konsum ist bisher nicht hinreichend dokumentiert.

Anamnese Ein 40-jähriger Patient stellte sich in der Notaufnahme mit seit 1,5 Tagen bestehenden akuten rechtsseitigen Flankenschmerzen in unserer Notaufnahme vor.

Untersuchung und Befunde Die Sonografie des Abdomens zeigte keine Ektasie des Nierenbecken-Kelchsystems; die notfallmäßige CT-Angiografie betätigte den V. a. einen rechtsseitigen Niereninfarkt. Die weitere Umfelddiagnostik gab keinen Hinweis auf eine klassische Pathogenese. Allerdings wurde ein regelmäßiger Cannabis-Konsum dokumentiert.

Therapie und Verlauf Aufgrund des protrahierten Verlaufs entschieden wir uns für ein konservatives Vorgehen mit Analgesie, laborchemischen Kontrollen und der Einleitung einer antikoagulativen Therapie. Hierunter war das Beschwerdebild rückläufig.

Diskussion Der Zusammenhang zwischen thromboembolischen Ereignissen und dem Konsum von Cannabis sollte insbesondere unter Berücksichtigung der erfolgten Legalisierung weiter untersucht werden; der Konsum ist als kardiovaskulärer Risikofaktor in Betracht zu ziehen. Ebenso existiert für solche Ereignisse bisher keine Empfehlung für die Einleitung und Dauer einer antikoagulativen Therapie.