IDENTIFIKASI KARAKTER MORFO-FISIOLOGI PENENTU PRODUKTIVITAS JAMBU METE (Anacardium occidentale)
Authors: DARWATI IRENG , S.M. ROSITA , SETIAWAN SETIAWAN , NURHAYATI HERA 
Published: June 2020

<p>ABSTRAK<br />Produktivitas jambu mete di Indonesia masih rendah karena<br />budidayanya yang masih sederhana dan belum menggunakan bahan<br />tanaman unggul. Hasil tanaman ditentukan oleh beberapa karakter morfo-<br />fisiologi seperti luas dan tebal daun, jumlah stomata, laju fotosintesis,<br />kandungan klorofil, relative water content (RWC), dan potential osmotik<br />daun. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakter morfo-fisiologi<br />yang menentukan hasil jambu mete. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun<br />Percobaan Cikampek dan Laboratorium, Balittro, Bogor, Jawa Barat, pada<br />bulan Januari-Desember 2012. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah dua<br />varietas jambu mete produksi tinggi (B02 dan GG1) dan tiga varietas<br />produksi rendah (Laode Gani, Laode Kase, dan Laura). Tanaman<br />dibedakan dalam tiga kelompok umur (5, 8, dan 17 tahun). Parameter yang<br />diamati karakter morfologi seperti ketebalan daun (μm), luas daun (cm 2 ),<br />produksi gelondong (kg/tanaman), berat kering daun (g/daun), anatomi<br />(jumlah stomata), dan parameter fisiologi meliputi kandungan klorofil<br />(a+b) (%), laju fotosintesis (μmol CO 2  m -2 s -1 ), karbohidrat daun (%),<br />potensial air daun (bar), dan Relative Water Content (RWC) (%). Untuk<br />mengetahui parameter morfo-fisiologi yang berpengaruh nyata terhadap<br />produksi dilakukan uji komponen penentu hasil, yaitu peubah morfo-<br />fisiologi terhadap produksi gelondong mete. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan<br />peubah klorofil tanaman jambu mete berpengaruh nyata antar aksesi. Hasil<br />analisis antar peubah morfo-fisiologi dan komponen hasil menunjukkan<br />hanya peubah klorofil yang berkorelasi positif terhadap hasil gelondong<br />aksesi jambu mete yang berproduktivitas tinggi. Fungsi hasil digambarkan<br />dalam formula ln hasil gelondong = 2,01 + 11,0 ln klorofil , sedangkan pada aksesi<br />yang produktivitasnya rendah peubah klorofil tidak berpengaruh nyata.<br />Fungsi ini mengindikasikan apabila kandungan klorofil meningkat 1%<br />maka produksi gelondong akan meningkat 11%.<br />Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale, karakter morfo-fisiologi, produksi</p><p>ABSTRACT<br />Cashew productivity in Indonesia is still low, due to improper<br />cultivation technique and the use of unimproved varieties. Crop yield is<br />determined by several morpho-physiological characters such as leaf area,<br />leaf thickness, the number of stomata, the rate of photosynthesis,<br />chlorophyll content, relative water content (RWC), and leaf osmotic<br />potential. This study aimed to obtain morpho-physiological characters<br />affecting cashew production. The research was conducted in the Cikampek<br />Experimental Station and in the Laboratory, ISMECRI, Bogor, West Java,<br />from January to December 2012. The plant material used were two<br />selected high-yielding varieties (B02 and GG1) and three low-yielding<br />varieties (Laode Gani, Laode Kase, and Laura). The plants were divided<br />into three age groups (5, 8, and 17 years). Parameters measured were<br />morphological characteristics such as leaf thickness (µm), leaf area (cm 2 ),<br />leaf dry weight (g/leaf), and nut yield (kg/tree), as well as anatomical<br />characteristic such as the number of stomata, and physiological parameters<br />consisted of chlorophyll content (a+b) (%), photosynthetic rate (µmol CO2<br />m -2 s -1 ), leaf carbohydrate content (%), leaf water potential (bar) and<br />relative water content (RWC) (%). Data were analysed using component<br />test to find morpho-physiological characteristics which was affecting nut<br />yield. The result showed chlorophyll content was significantly affected nut<br />yield among varieties as shown in the following function: ln nut yield = 2.01 +<br />11.0 ln chlorophyll . The result indicated that when the chlorophyll content<br />increased 1% the nut yield would increase 11%.<br />Keywords: Anacardium occidentale, morpho-physiological characteris-<br />tic, production</p>