bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth Differentiation and Characterization in to Islet like Pancreatic Cell Lineages – An Ex-vivo and In-vitro Study
Authors: Inbanathan Jaiganesh , Krithika Chandrasekaran , Ponnazhagan K. , Srinivasan Srividhya , Manodh P. , Sanjana M. R.
Published: January 2022

Background and Objectives: Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) have been demonstrated as a novel population of adult stem cells capable of multi-differentiation potential.

Methods: Study samples comprise of 30 extracted exfoliating primary teeth collected from children aged 6 to 14 years. After attaining the required cell passage, flowcytometric analysis and trilineage differentiation was done to characterize SHEDs. Further SHEDs were differentiated into Islet like cell aggregates (ICAs) using Serum free media A,B&C. Differentiated ICAs were characterized by RT-PCR, immunocytochemistry, DTZ stain and insulin assay.

Results: Flowcytometric analysis of SHEDs showed expression of positive markers CD73, CD90 while no expression of negative markers CD34, CD45 and HLA-DR. Isolated SHEDs had the potential to differentiate into tri-lineages and ICAs. RT-PCR analysis of derived ICAs showed up-regulated expression of GAPDH, insulin, Glut2, PDX1 and PAX6. Immunofluorescence analysis gave expression of Ngn3, Isl-1, C-peptide, Glut2 and PDX1. DTZ stained positive on derived ICAs.Insulin secretion of SHED derived ICAs were measured 26 ± 6 MIU/L at basal glucose level, 128±3 MIU/L and 240 ±9 MIU/L at stimulated glucose level which gave a statistically significant difference in mean value of insulin secreted in different concentration of glucose (p<0.001). The net insulin secretion value of SHED derived ICAs at different glucose concentration was less when compared with Min 6 cells used as positive control.

Interpretation and Conclusion: Stem cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous teeth are mesenchymal stem cells which has the unique potential to differentiate into islet like cell aggregates and serve as a promising source of insulin which under standardized protocols and experimentations can be used for stem cell based therapy for insulin dependent diabetes mellitus.
Physiology of Seed Dormancy and Germination-A Review
Authors: Nalwa Cherry , Seth Meenakshi
Published: January 2022

Seed dormancy is considered as an inherent property which outlines the environmental conditions in which the seed is accomplished to evolve. To better understand seed dormancy mechanisms, a series of rigorous studies examining seed metabolism in relation to gibberellin and abscisic acid have been organised. Abscisic acid is a hormone involved in the formation of primary dormancy, whereas gibberellins are a hormone involved in the induction of germination. During changes in dormancy certain variations in sensitivity can be observed. In the higher plants as the dormancy is present across all climatic regions differing responses in the environment has resulted due to adaptation. As a result of this variance, incubation is timed to avoid adverse weather conditions in order to promote reproductive growth and plant establishment. All molecular mechanisms emphasizing kernel latency initiation, conservation and improvement play a large part in the evolution and adaptation of these seeds and plants and their importance is indescribable. Together genetic and environmental factors are liable for triggering seed dormancy. For the induction of seed dormancy and besides its release the balance between the intensity of ABA plus GA remain in charge. There is a triphasic pattern of germination including imbibition i.e rapid uptake of water, enzyme activation and initiation of embryo growth resulting in the radicle protrusion. The dormancy state is regulated not only by the seed maturation environment, but it also changes over time after shedding in a way that is determined by the ambient environment.
A Case Report on Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma
Authors: Pande Milind , Vagha Sunita , Goyal Aditi , Kotecha Raunak
Published: January 2022

Background: Out of the various malignant tumours originating from the lymphatic hematopoietic system, lymphoma is one such important entity. It is divided into Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma (NHL) and Hodgkin Lymphoma (HL) depending on its cell source. A very rare type of malignant variant of lymphoma is the primary splenic lymphoma, involving exclusively the spleen and splenic hilar lymph nodes. Moreover, splenic marginal zone lymphoma (SMZL) is even more infrequent. SMZL is an uncommon chronic B lymphocyte proliferative disease, which only accounts for about 1–2% of all non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The mean age of SMZL incidence is about 65 years. There is no known significant gender predominance. A quarter of patients with early diagnosed SMZL have known to have vague symptoms like abdominal pain and distention; and other patients may be accompanied by loss of weight, malaise, cachexia, splenomegaly, or other manifestations.

Conclusion: Although, a good prognostic outcome is what is usually expected from most patients of Splenic Marginal Zone Lymphoma who undergo splenectomise, an aggressive transformation leading to a worse direction cannot be ruled out. SMZL is very challenging to be diagnosed pre-operatively due to the lack of specificity in clinical presentation.
Periodontal Health in Sickle Cell Disease - A Case Control Study
Authors: Sangha Kuldip Singh , Patil Priyanka , Khadri Sayed Fazalulla , Sonawane Sushma , Gomes Sheiba Ronald , Kavle Prathibha Gopal , Khamatkar Aparna
Published: January 2022

Introduction: A hereditary autosomal recessive condition goes by the name of sickle cell disease. Hemoglobin S polymerization in red blood cells under hypoxic circumstances results in vascular blockage, which is the pathophysiology of sickle cell disease. For the sake of maintaining group homogeneity, participants in the healthy group were either related to or friends of those with sickle cell disease, whereas those in the sickle cell trait group were related to those with sickle cell illness.

Materials and Methods: A total of 150 participants were recruited for this research, 43 percent of them were female and 57 percent male. Patients in the control group were on average 30 years old, whereas those in the SCT group were 33 years old, and the average age of patients with SCD was 26. Those with sickle cell trait (SCT) and those with sickle cell disease (SCD) were divided into three categories. Patients were screened and diagnosed with chronic periodontitis using clinical criteria developed at the 1999 International World Workshop for Classification of Periodontal Diseases and Conditions.

Results: The SCD, ST, and healthy groups did not vary significantly in terms of clinical indicators such as gastrointestinal (GI), peritoneal (PPD), and caloric (CAL). SCT group PI-1.550.45, GI 1.540.43, PPD-2.170.72 was greater than the mean and standard deviation of the SCD and control groups, but the chi square test revealed it to be non-significantly different.

Conclusion: It is possible that patients with the Indian haplotype of SCD, albeit having milder symptoms of the illness, contributed to our conclusion that SCD, SCT patients had no significantly greater periodontal breakdown than healthy people. Although SCD's fundamental pathophysiology raises issues about our knowledge of periodontitis, additional study is needed.
Ethics and Professionalism in Medical Science and Its Impact on Health Care
Authors: Shinde Rekha V. , Shinde Kailas V. , Bande Pritam R. , Ambad Ranjit , Chandi Dhruba Hari
Published: January 2022

Background: Practicing medicine is always rewarding. It brings money sometimes and friendship, experience of fame at other times. At least one gets the credit and satisfaction of having done a good deed. There could be no better deed or donation than giving life back to a patient. Actually the science of life has an unlimited scope for expansion and the physician is one of the constituent of this life science. Every science has limitations, rules and regulations to achieve the ultimate success. ( Medical) Science is light and it illuminates; one’s own intellect is vision.

Objectives: 1. To learn about Medical Ethics and how it is useful to improve the health care. 2. Professionalism in Health Care and its importance. 3.  Discuss Medical Ethics and humanities, Professionalism and its impact on Health of the society.

Methodology: The datasets used to conclude the study has taken from internet database and relevant books of science of medicine. In this article author tried to explore the trait among medical professional and how it could be develop professionalism towards human health care.

Results: Ethics are the cornerstone to the professional practice because honesty and excellence aren’t just working when your profession is most trusted.

Conclusions: The ideal physician thus has the qualities as- 1. The patient’s health and well being is goal. 2. The physician continuously strives to acquire further knowledge, skill, and proficiency. 3. The physician is well wisher of and works for the uplift of society. 4. The physician is humble, modest, sympathetic and gentle. Professionalism is the part of Good Medical Practice Guidelines (GMC). According to this the Doctors deities are – Knowledge, Skills, and Performance, Safety and Quality, Communication, Partnership and Teamwork, and Maintaining Trust.
Unusual Case of Head Injury Presented with Brain Gliomas
Authors: Gajbhiye Varsha , Patil (Ganvir) Shubhangi , Gaikwad Sarika , Myadam Sushma
Published: January 2022

Seven years female child came with parents who gave us history that 1month back, child   during playing had fall on face and lost consciousness which remained for 30 min followed by convulsion. On examination patient was conscious, responds to command, vitals were stable, aphasia was present, pupils were equal and reactive to light bilaterally and horizontal gaze was restricted.  There was no facial weakness, Tone increase more in left upper and lower limb .Deep tendon reflexes (DTR) increase in left side.  Plantar reflex were extensors. MRI was done which shows intra axial space occupying lesion in brainstem with expansion of brainstem with hydrocephalus. Pt was inoperable and ventriculoperitoneal shunt was done for hydrocephalus. Post operatively patient was kept on assisted ventilation.

Conclusion: Unusual presentation of brainstem gliomas as head injury.
Estimation of Blood Pressure on Postprandial Breakfast, Meal and Dinner among Vegetarians
Authors: Akshetha L. S. , Devi R. Gayatri , Priya A. Jothi
Published: January 2022

Background: Blood pressure is the pressure of the blood within the arteries. Based on the circadian rhythm the BP can change. DBP can change according to age. Processed foods, canned soups, snack foods, and condiments may increase BP. The main aim of this study is to estimate the difference in postprandial BP responses during breakfast, lunch and dinner.

Materials and Methods: A total of 26 healthy volunteers were randomly selected, men and women aged 17-20 for the study. Systolic blood pressure, Diastolic blood pressure, Heart rate were measured with ambulatory Blood Pressure devices every 10 min before until 90 min after each meal. The measurements were taken to identify the difference in postprandial Blood pressure responses between breakfast, lunch and dinner. Before starting the study, informed consent was taken. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS software, independent sample T test.

Results: In the present study, there was a mild increase observed before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner. There is a difference in BP before and postprandial during breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the present study, there was a mild increase observed before and after breakfast, lunch and dinner. In the morning the body releases hormones such as adrenaline and noradrenaline. These hormones boost energy which raises the BP. So there is decrease in BP before and postprandial during breakfast

Conclusion: From this study only a significant difference was observed in SBP, DBP, HR of dinner. There was no significant change seen in breakfast.
Impact of Smoking Cessation on Lung Function Parameters – A Cross Sectional Study
Authors: Hatmode Yogita , Kumar K. U. Dhanesh
Published: January 2022

Background: There have been widespread adverse effects and association between smoking and tobacco use across published researches, but very few studies have been investigated on the beneficial effects that accompany a long-term cessation of smoking. Comparing the lung function with normal subjects might significantly use the results obtained, if positive, to encourage current smokers to quit smoking and quitters to continue to refrain from smoking.

 Aims: To determine the impact of cessation of smoking on lung function parameters in quitters as compared to smokers and non-smokers.

Materials and Methods: The cross sectional observational study was on smokers, non-smokers, and quitters in rural area of Mangalore city. A total of 150 individuals were selected for the study, 50 each from all 3 groups of smokers, non-smokers and quitters using convenient sampling method using convenient sampling process. All participants were examined for Pulmonary Function Test parameters. The analysis was carried out using the Analysis of the variance test to determine the impact of smoking cessation in lung function parameters.

Results: Significant differences were observed between quitters, smokers and non-smokers in terms of lung function parameters using ANOVA (FVC-p<0.001**, FEV1-p<0.001**, FEV1/FVC-p=0.04** PEFR difference between the groups was not significant with p=0.25). Analysis of PFT parameters using Tukey’s multiple post-hoc procedures revealed that FVC and FEV1 showed a significant differences between the quitter group when compared to the smoker group p<0-001**.

Conclusion: Smoking cessation was followed by substantial change in lung function parameters FVC and FEV1 between the quitters as opposed to the smoker community.
Review of Recent Rehabilitation Techniques for Fall Prevention in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Shruthi R. , Krishnaprasad K. M.
Published: January 2022

Background: Recurrent falls are a common phenomenon in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients which leads to increased healthcare costs, poor quality of life, and caregiver burden. Through suitable exercise training fall in PD patients can be prevented or minimized. Aim of this review was to provide recent information of different intervention strategies to prevent falls in PD.

Methodology: Electronic data base such as PubMed and Scopus indexed journals were searched from the past five year to retrieve recent evidence. Keywords such as Parkinson’s disease, fall prevention and rehabilitation were used. Only Systematic review and RCT were added for the higher-level evidence data extraction.

Conclusion: Eexercise-based program and Tai chi were found to have positive evidences for preventing falls in PD patients. However, various mechanism behind the fall in PD as well as worsening of the symptoms as the result of disease progression may be the reason behind the negative results of some of the intervention.
Overview of the Role of Glucagon like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists in the Management of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Authors: Alshenqiti Asma , Almohammadi Ghaida
Published: January 2022

Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects premenopausal women. It is a multifactorial disease that involves hyperandrogenism, ovulatory dysfunction, insulin resistance and genetic factors. Women with PCOS present with menstrual disorder, hirsutism, and obesity. Diagnosis of PCOS involves evidence of ovulation dysfunction, hyperandrogenism, either physical or biochemical, and ultrasonographic evaluation of the ovarian morphology. There is no single treatment for PCOS but rather it is a symptom-oriented management. Glucagon-like-peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) are insulin sensitizers usually involved in the management of PCOS.

Aim: This article aims to review the evidence regarding the role GLP-1 RAs in the management of polycystic ovary syndrome.

Conclusion: GLP-1 RAs found to improve PCOS outcomes in the form of increasing menstrual frequency, reducing androgens levels, higher pregnancy rates, weight reduction, and improving insulin resistance. Mild and transient adverse events were observed such as nausea, diarrhea, headache, insomnia and mild hypoglycemic events. However, long term studies are required to assess long term effect of GLP-1 RAs and its safety during pregnancy.
Patients Satisfaction with the Methods of Treatment used for Gallstones: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Al-Ghamdi Masoud Ahmad , Abousada Hoda Jehad , Albaqal Maryam Ahmad , Alosaimi Rakan Abdullah , Althakafi Lujain Hussain , Soleiss Mustafa Saud Al. , Haider Ahmed Abdulaziz , Albalawi Arub mohammed , Rabaie Hassan Awad Al , Alali Abdullah Mahmoud , Alhejazi Faisal Qusai , Aljahdali Mohammed Abdulhamid , Eibani Wael khalid , Almalki Malak Hamed , Alhumaidi Muath Suliman
Published: January 2022

Background: If gallstones are not causing discomfort, there is usually no need to treat them. Many people with gallstones do not experience any symptoms for a long time. In addition, any treatment can have side effects, and operations are always associated with a certain level of risk. Gallbladder stones are treated differently than stones in the bile duct. If symptoms such as cramp-like pain (colic) occur, they can be relieved with medication. Such pain can only be prevented permanently by removing the gallbladder. An operation is also an option for people without symptoms but with very large gallstones - or with a porcelain gallbladder. The wall of the gallbladder is calcified and there is an increased risk of gallbladder cancer.

Methods: This was an analytical cross-sectional study to spotlight the satisfaction levels of the Saudi Population towards the different treatment options for gallstones.  The study was carried out at universities, hospitals, and malls in KSA. Data were collected from patients and the general population during a period from June to October 2021.

Results: Most of the patients were highly satisfied with the treatment clarification done by the treating doctor (n= 42, 8.8%), the treatment choice for gallstones, the complications that occurred during their treatment period (n= 34, 7.1%), their condition after the end of the treatment period (n= 41, 8.6%), and the treatment method for condition (n=35, 7.3%). On the other hand, there was a proportion of participants who were not satisfied with the treatment duration (n= 39, 8.1%) and the follow-up after the end of the treatment period (n= 46, 9.6%).

Conclusion: Participants are highly satisfied with treatment choice and treatment effectiveness. However, they were not satisfied with treatment duration and treatment complications.
Cynodon dactylon Pers.: A Review on Forage Crop and Medicinal Herb
Authors: Dutta Papia , Gogoi Jyotchna
Published: January 2022

Cynodon dactylon is a forage crop besides being a medicinal herb which has been holding a sacred position in our Indian culture. Its survival capacity in any ecological succession has forced it to exist as medicinal plant containing a broad spectrum of secondary metabolites like Cyanidin, Luteolin, apigenin having several therapeutic uses. The review paper has been designed in coordination with research articles to compile the various properties of the plant like its thriving capacity in tropical and subtropical regions where it can alter ecosystem by effecting nutrient cycles and community composition, diverse chemical composition, and therapeutic uses to name some such as diabetes, atherosclerosis etc., which could be used as an area of further research for mankind and environmental benefits.
Correlation of Vitamin D Levels with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Jauhari Reenoo , Mathur Prashant , Gupta Vineeta
Published: January 2022

Objective: To compare vitamin D status in, women with PCOS & fertile women without PCOS and its subsequent evaluation.

Introduction: PCOS is an endocrine disorder of women in reproductive age, characterised by obesity, hyperandrogenaemia and insulin resistance. Women with PCOS tend to be overweight and have increased risk of development of Type II Diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Exact Etiology of PCOS still remain an enigmatic dilemma however various studies conducted till date include diet and lifestyle modification as the key factor to promote health, BMI, reduced hyperinsulinemia and reduce the risk of development of PCOS.

Main aim of our study was to compare vitamin D status in women having PCOS, with fertile women in a tertiary care hospital in Uttarakhand.

Methodology: The conducted study was cross sectional, involving the enrolment of 100 women comprising of 50 women with PCOS and 50 fertile women without PCOS. Participants were selected from gynaecological OPD at Shri Mahant Indiresh Hospital, associated with Shri Guru Ram Rai Institute of Medical Sciences, Dehradun from July 2019 to January 2020. The diagnostic criteria of PCOS used was the Rotterdam criteria. The serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and other metabolic markers were measured. Vitamin D deficiency was defined as serum 25 (OH) D concentrations less than 20 ng/ml measured on an instrument named as miniVidas (BioMerieux, Germany) based on ELFA (enzyme linked fluorescent assay).

Results: Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D was significantly lower in women with PCOS compared to fertile controls (p< 0.0001), and the prevalence rates of 25(OH) D deficiency and insufficiency were higher in women with PCOS than in fertile women (p < 0.0001). The study results showed that the prevalence of 25 (OH) D deficiencies in PCOS women was significantly high. Serum 25 (OH) D concentrations were significantly negatively correlated with body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), fasting insulin, total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), (P < 0.05). In comparison, serum 25 (OH) D concentrations were significantly positively correlated with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (P < 0.05). Increased BMI and WHR, high levels of fasting insulin, total cholesterol and LDL-C were regarded as risk factors, but high level of HDL-C was considered to be protective factor of vitamin D deficiency in PCOS women.

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that women with PCOS have a significantly lower 25(OH) D compared to fertile controls. A compromised vitamin D status in PCOS women is associated with a higher prevalence and metabolic risk of PCOS in women.
Effect of Ethanol Leaf Extract of Khat (Catha edulis forsk) on Prefrontal Cortex Oxidative Markers and Hematological Profile of Wistar Rats
Authors: Mbina Solomon Adomi , Mada Sanusi Bello , Eze Ejike Daniel , Ajayi Clement Olusoji , Ifie Josiah Eseoghene , Usman Ibe Michael , Terkimbi Swase Dominic , Pastori Mujinya , Stellamaris Kembabazi , Rechael Mpumbya Jackie , Daniel Okumu , Odoma Saidi
Published: January 2022

Aim: This study evaluated the effect of ethanol leaf extract of Catha edulis on the prefrontal cortex oxidative markers and hematological profile of Wistar rats.

Study Design: The study design was experimental.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Biochemistry, Kampala International University, Uganda and Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pharmacy, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, Mbarara, Uganda. Between January and May, 2021.

Methodology: Fresh C. edulis leaves were collected after on-spot identification, and authenticated before being chopped into small pieces and pulverized mechanically. The powdered material was extracted through cold maceration using 70% ethanol for 72 h. The extract was concentrated in vacuo to dryness at 40oC using rotary evaporator. The lethal dose (LD50) of the crude extract was determined using acute toxicity test. The sub-acute toxicity of the crude extract was evaluated by orally administering daily doses of 250, 500, and 1000 mg/kg to the male Wistar rats for 28 days. The animals were monitored for mortality, behavioral and physiological signs of toxicity. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT) activities and Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated using standard methods. The blood samples were analyzed using the automated hematology analyzer: Mindray BC-6000. Shenzhen, China.

Results: The median lethal dose (LD50) of the C. edulis leaf extract was greater than 5000mg/kg b w. The SOD and CAT activities of C. edulis treated groups compared to the control group were significantly (p < 0.05) reduced, the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were increased in C. edulis treated groups compared to the control group. There was no significant change in the hematological parameters, however, there were slight variations in the WBC and RBC counts in some C. edulis treated groups.

Conclusion: Long term chewing of C. edulis could result in oxidative stress. It is therefore important for chronic C. edulis leaf chewers to take caution.
Establishing an Autonomous Village through Bumdes (Village-Owned Enterprise) to Enhance Local Economic Activity
Authors: Mukhlis Imam , Priambodo Magistyo Purboyo , Suwanan Ahmad Fawaiq , Hidayah Isnawati
Published: January 2022

Rural development has become major focus in Indonesia’s development plan. Especially in term of village development which aimed to build self-reliance, to increase socio-economic capacity, and to empower the community. One of the government’s missions is to develop rural areas by optimizing the economic potential of a village to increase its productivity and the diversity of existing businesses. Furthermore, to improve the availability of infrastructure and facilities, to support the rural economy institutions, to support the production effectivity and marketing strategy in order to improve the economic growth. This study aims to explore the role of BUMDES in Jongbiru Village, Kediri Regency, East Java Province, Indonesia in order to optimise the local economic potential. This study used a descriptive qualitative approach which conducted in Jongbiru Village, Gampengrejo, Kediri Regency. The data collection used in-depth interviews with key informants, documentation, and observations on the research subjects. The key informants included in this research such as the chief of village, BUMDES Manager, and business actors in Jongbiru Village. Moreover, this research used source triangulation to make sure all data collected is valid and reliable. The findings show that intervention is needed to create a BUMDES that plays more effective roles on supporting village development. Moreover, community participation (i.e.: small medium enterprises owner) is crucial to develop the welfare of local. Further, last but not least, measurable and feasible planning are needed to support a village to be resilient and autonomous.
Making Space for Green Work
Authors: Siravo Julian
Published: January 2022

As an architect and urban designer, and a co‐director of think tank Autonomy UK, Julian Siravo asks some fundamental questions about our everyday life. What, for example, is ‘green’ work, what is a ‘green’ commute, what is a ‘green’ office, and is care work ‘green’? Do we need a radical shift in the way we conduct our lives and manage the economies that sustain us? Here he speculates on such a future.
An All‐Nanofiber‐Based, Breathable, Ultralight Electronic Skin for Monitoring Physiological Signals
Authors: Lin Xiuzhu , Bing Yu , Li Fan , Mei Haixia , Liu Sen , Fei Teng , Zhao Hongran , Zhang Tong
Published: January 2022

Electronic skins (e‐skins) are a promising design paradigm for health care systems and human–machine interactions. Piezoresistive sensors made with simple structures, high sensitivity, mass production methods, light weight, and comfort for long‐term wearing and physiological signal monitoring remain a challenge and are urgently desirable. Here, a breathable and lightweight all‐nanofiber piezoresistive (ANFP) sensor is presented, which is composed of three layers of electrospun nanofibers (NFs). A specific interpenetrating network of conductive polyvinylpyrrolidone NFs coated by polypyrrole (PVP@PPy) and insulating polyacrylonitrile NFs is constructed by controlling the vapor growth position of PPy to enhance the sensitivity. The ANFP sensor can achieve the real‐time monitoring of multiple parts of physiological signals, and a wireless detection system is designed for the online monitoring of human pulses. The NF network endows excellent breathability and heat dissipation to the ANFP sensors during practical application, which ensures comfort and device stability during long‐term wearing. Finally, a pressure sensing array with 5 × 5 pixels is fabricated to demonstrate the potential applications in spatial pressure detection. This work provides a viable strategy to improve the wearability of e‐skins, which can promote health care and human–machine interaction applications.
Silk Protein Based Volatile Threshold Switching Memristors for Neuromorphic Computing
Authors: Zhao Momo , Wang Saisai , Li Dingwei , Wang Rui , Li Fanfan , Wu Mengqi , Liang Kun , Ren Huihui , Zheng Xiaorui , Guo Chengchen , Ma Xiaohua , Zhu Bowen , Wang Hong , Hao Yue
Published: January 2022

Memristors based neuromorphic devices can efficiently process complex information and fundamentally overcome the bottleneck of traditional computing based on von Neumann architecture. Meanwhile, natural biomaterials have attracted significant attention for biologically integrated electronic devices due to their excellent biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and controllable biodegradability. Thus, biomaterial‐based memristors may have a transformative impact on bridging electronic neuromorphic systems and biological systems. However, the working voltage in biological system is low, but the operation voltages of conventional memristors are high, violating the energy‐efficient biological system. Here, high‐performance silk fibroin‐based threshold switching (TS) memristors are demonstrated, which reveal an on‐current of 1 mA, a low threshold voltage (Vth) of 0.17 V, a high selectivity of 3 × 106, and a steep turn‐on slope of <2.5 mV dec–1. Meanwhile, the silk TS devices depict outstanding device uniformity and stability even at high humidity (80%) and temperature (70 °C) environments. The silk TS devices exhibit typical short‐term plasticity (STP) of biological synapses including pair‐pulse facilitation (PPF). More importantly, a leaky integrate‐and‐fire (LIF) artificial neuron is successfully realized based on the volatile characteristics of silk TS memristors. These achievements pave the way for utilizing silk biomaterials in advanced bioelectronics and neuromorphic computing.
Second‐Order Autocorrelation Function of Spectrally Filtered Light From an Incoherently Pumped Two‐Level System
Authors: Panyukov Ivan V. , Shishkov Vladislav Yu. , Andrianov Evgeny S.
Published: January 2022

Light with zero second‐order autocorrelation function, g(2)(0), emitted by single‐photon source (SPS), for example, two‐level system (TLS), is usually considered as being in a Fock state with one photon in a certain electromagnetic mode of free space. However, real SPSs have finite linewidths and excite all modes lying within the linewidth. It is shown that the zero value of g(2)(0) of light emitted by an incoherently pumped TLS is a consequence of the quantum interference of electromagnetic modes lying within the linewidth. Applying the quantum regression theorem for out‐of‐time‐ordered correlation functions, an analytical expression for g(2)(0) is obtained for the light emitted by a TLS and passed through a spectral filter. It is shown that narrowing the spectral width of the band‐pass filter inevitably leads to an increase in g(2)(0). is found and it is demonstrated that certain spectral filters lead to its nonmonotonic time dependence. These results open up the possibility of controlling the statistics of the emitted light using a spectral filter, which can find applications in quantum communication and cryptography.
The ARTISTIC Online Calculator: Exploring the Impact of Lithium‐Ion Battery Electrode Manufacturing Parameters Interactively Through Your Browser
Authors: Lombardo Teo , Caro Fernando , Ngandjong Alain C. , Hoock Jean‐Baptiste , Duquesnoy Marc , Delepine Jean Charles , Ponchelet Adrien , Doison Sylvain , Franco Alejandro A.
Published: January 2022

This article presents the ARTISTIC online calculator, a web platform that enables both experimental and computational researchers to access the ARTISTIC project three‐dimensional (3D) manufacturing models. This platform is free of charge and utilizes a user‐friendly interface to guide users among the different manufacturing steps and their parameters. The current version of the online calculator accounts for the slurry phase, its drying, and electrode calendering; it gives access to a variety of relevant parameters, as slurry solid content, electrode formulation, particle size distribution, and drying/calendering conditions. To utilize this platform, the user should simply register freely to the ARTISTIC computational portal, select the manufacturing parameters of interest, and launch the simulations through the user‐friendly interface. As soon as the simulation ends, the user who launched it receives an email with the links to visualize and recover the resulting electrode/slurry microstructure. Furthermore, all the results obtained through this platform are shared among all the users, i. e., everyone can visualize and recover all the microstructures available. Therefore, this platform also constitutes an open‐access database linking manufacturing conditions and simulated electrode microstructures. In addition, these microstructures can be embedded straightforwardly in electrochemical models. In brief, we hope that the battery community will see this online platform as a tool to explore the vast manufacturing parameter space accessible through our 3D models and to establish a deeper knowledge of the manufacturing‐microstructure‐electrochemistry relationships in a collaborative and fully transparent way.
Two‐dimensional electronic spectrum simulation of simple photosynthetic complex models with semi‐classical Poisson bracket mapping equation
Authors: Kim Hyun Woo , Rhee Young Min
Published: January 2022

As understanding experimentally observed two‐dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2DES) signals usually requires theoretical modeling, various approaches have been applied to simulating the spectra. It will be desirable to develop a method that is free from parameters that are adjusted based on spectroscopic outcomes. Often, such parameters without any a priori known information come from quantum chemical calculations that can only be achieved at the atomistic resolution, and a necessity arises for designing a scheme that can be readily used for generating 2DES spectra even for atomistic models of complex systems. Here, we present such an approach based on mixed quantum‐classical Poisson bracket mapping equation formalism, which can be extended to all‐atom simulations. We check its performance by adopting a two‐state toy model and show that we can efficiently construct 2D spectra. We show that our scheme can yield reasonable 2D spectra even when high‐frequency vibrations modulate the population dynamics.
The pharmacokinetic characteristics and excretion studies of fucosterol from Sargasssum fusiforme in rats
Authors: Wang Pengrui , Zhang Junfang , Zhan Na , Yang Shuang , Yu Mingming , Liu Hongbing
Published: January 2022

Fucosterol is the main phytosterol in brown algae with various pharmacological effects such as cholesterol‐lowering, anticancer, hepatoprotection and neuroprotection. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics and excretion characteristics of fucosterol. In this study, a GC–MS method was developed and validated for the determination of fucosterol in rat plasma, urine and feces. The method effectively avoids the interference of Δ5‐avenasterol, a cis–trans‐isomer of fucosterol derived from feed, by using a TG‐5 capillary column (a nonpolar column with 5% phenyl‐methylpolysilicone as stationary phase material). The linearity ranges were fucosterol 0.300–18.0 μg/ml (R2 = 0.9960) for plasma, 0.0500–2.50 μg/ml for the urine sample (R2 = 0.9963) and 0.100–8.00 μg/mg (R2 = 0.9923) for the feces sample. With good extraction recoveries and stability, this rapid and sensitive method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic and excretion studies of fucosterol in Sprague–Dawley rats. Fucosterol from Sargassum fusiforme had poor absorption and slow elimination with an absolute oral bioavailability of 0.74%, and was mainly eliminated through fecal excretion.
α‐Glucosidase inhibitors screening from Cyclocarya paliurus based on spectrum–effect relationship and UPLC–MS/MS
Authors: He Fu‐Qin , Li Yan‐Jun , Guo Zhao‐Hui , Chen Juan
Published: January 2022

Cyclocarya paliurus is an edible and medicinal plant exhibiting significant hypoglycemic effect. However, its active components are still unclear and need further elucidation. In this research, the active components of the leaves of C. paliurus responsible for the α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity were screened and identified based on a spectrum–effect relationship study in combination with ultra‐performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) analysis. The 70% ethanol eluate fraction of the leaves of C. paliurus with the strongest α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity was obtained after extraction and purification with macroporous resin. Their chromatographic fingerprints (15 batches) were established by UPLC analysis and 32 common peaks were specified by similarity analysis. Their IC50 values for α‐glucosidase inhibition were measured by an enzymatic reaction. Several multivariate statistical analysis methods including hierarchical cluster analysis, principal component analysis, partial least square analysis and gray relational analysis were applied to explore the spectrum–effect relationship between common peaks and IC50 values, and the chromatographic peaks making a large contribution to efficacy were screened out. To further elucidate the active components of leaves of C. paliurus, the 70% ethanol eluate fraction was characterized by UPLC–MS/MS analysis, and 10 compounds were identified. This study provides a valuable reference for further research and development of hypoglycemic active components of C. paliurus.
UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS‐based metabolite profiling of duvelisib and establishment of its metabolism mechanisms
Authors: Sonawane Dipali , Sahu Amit Kumar , Jadav Tarang , Sengupta Pinaki
Published: January 2022

Duvelisib is a dual inhibitor of phosphoinositide 3 kinase that received global approval by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2018 to treat follicular lymphoma after at least two prior systemic therapies. An extensive literature search revealed that, to date, metabolites of duvelisib have not been characterized and information on them is not available in any of the literature. Moreover, the metabolism pathway is yet to be established. This study aimed to investigate and characterize the metabolites of duvelisib generated in microsomes and S9 fractions. In this study, five duvelisib metabolites were identified using UHPLC–Q‐TOF–MS/MS analysis technique. The structural characterization of the metabolites was performed by comparing the fragmentation pattern of duvelisib and its metabolites through an accurate mass measurement technique. Three metabolites were generated through phase I hydroxylation and dechlorination reactions. The other two metabolites were generated through a phase II glucuronidation reaction. The metabolism mechanism established through this study can be useful to improve the safety profile of drugs of similar categories in the future after establishment of the toxicity profile of the identified metabolites.
Electroreforming of Glucose/Xylose Mixtures On PdAu Based Nanocatalysts
Authors: Rafaïdeen Thibault , Baranton Stève , Coutanceau Christophe
Published: January 2022

The electroreforming of glucose/xylose mixtures has been evaluated at Pd1‐xAux/C anodes in 0.10 mol L−1 NaOH electrolyte. The catalysts synthesized by a wet chemistry route are comprehensively characterized by physicochemical and electrochemical techniques. From linear scan voltammetry and in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements, it was shown that the Pd0.3Au0.7/C material led to the best electrocatalytic behavior towards the electrooxidation of glucose/xylose mixtures in terms of activity (higher current densities at lower potentials) and selectivity (lower dissociative adsorption). Six‐hour chronoamperometry measurements were performed at 293 K in a 25 cm2 electrolysis cell at +0.4 V and +0.6 V and the reaction products were analyzed by high performance liquid chromatography. The main products were gluconate and xylonate, but the contributions of xylose to all formed products was always lower in percentages than the initial xylose ratios in solutions, showing that glucose was more electro‐reactive than xylose at Pd0.3Au0.7 surface.
Cytokeratin 19 expression in intrathoracic neoplasms: First study utilizing cellblocks, evaluating the role of a rarely used cytokeratin for lung cancers
Authors: Verma Vikrant , Rao Ram Nawal
Published: January 2022

Background

Cytokeratin 19 (CK19) is low‐molecular weight CK with widespread expression in various malignancies including those of lung, colon, and breast. Occasional studies have also indicated prognostic utility of CK19 in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas, with better prognosis among squamous cell carcinoma cases with strong CK19 immunostaining. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression and potential roles of CK19 immunostaining in cases of carcinoma lung as well as other metastatic intrathoracic neoplasms.

Methods

This was a prospective single‐center study of 2 years duration, during which 233 cases of endobronchial ultrasound guided aspiration of the intrathoracic lesions were examined. After excluding the cases without cellblock, with inadequate samples, with benign diagnosis, and excluding the lymphoma cases, finally 31 neoplastic cases were evaluated for expression of cytokeratin 19.

Results

Diffuse cytoplasmic staining for CK19 was noted in nonsmall cell lung carcinomas (18/19 cases), while the expression in small cell carcinomas was low (2/5 cases). CK19 was also positive in mediastinal lymph node metastasis from a case each of papillary thyroid carcinoma, prostatic adenocarcinoma and infiltrating ductal carcinoma breast (1/2 cases). It showed focal faint staining in a case of mediastinal mesenchymal neoplasm and was negative in both the cases of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.

Conclusions

CK19 is a highly sensitive but nonspecific marker for nonsmall cell lung cancers. However, owing to diffuse staining pattern in most of these cases, role of its staining intensity as a predictor of prognosis could not be evaluated.
Scalable and Heavy Foam Functionalization by Electrode‐Inspired Sticky Jammed Fluids for Efficient Indoor Air‐Quality Management
Authors: Ji Yuan , Jing Lei , Ni Zhuxi , Yin Bo , Yang Mingbo , Yang Wei , Wang Yu
Published: January 2022

Functionalization of polymer foams by surface coating is of great interest for advanced flow‐interactive materials working with well‐controlled 3D open channels. However, realizing heavy functional coating via a fast and recyclable way remains a big challenge. Here, inspired by the battery electrodes, we propose a scalable mechanic‐assisted heavy coating strategy based on the design of sticky jammed fluid (SJF) to conquer the above challenge. Similar to the electrode slurry, the SJF is dominated by a high concentration of active material (≥20 wt% of active carbon, for instance) uniformly dispersed in a protein binder solution. Due to the sticky and solid‐rich nature of the SJF, one can realize a high coating efficiency of 60 wt% gain per coating. The critical factors controlling the coating processing and quality are further identified and discussed. Furthermore, the functionalized foam is demonstrated as a high‐performance shape‐customizable toxic gas remover, which can absorb formaldehyde very efficiently at different circumstances, including static adsorption, flow‐based filtration, and source interception. Finally, the foam skeleton and the active materials are easily recycled by a facile solvent treatment. This study may inspire new scalable way for fast, heavy, and customizable functionalization of polymeric foams.
All Matters on Board
Authors: Vashi Preeti , González‐Gallardo Sandra
Published: January 2022

The editors of EurJIC give a brief overview of the highlights of 2021 and take great pleasure in introducing their Early Career Advisory Board, whilst giving thanks to board members, authors, reviewers, readers and friends for their support of the European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry.
The role of visual attention in dyslexia: Behavioral and neurobiological evidence
Authors: Taran Nikolay , Farah Rola , DiFrancesco Mark , Altaye Mekibib , Vannest Jennifer , Holland Scott , Rosch Keri , Schlaggar Bradley L. , Horowitz‐Kraus Tzipi
Published: January 2022

Poor phonological processing has typically been considered the main cause of dyslexia. However, visuo‐attentional processing abnormalities have been described as well. The goal of the present study was to determine the involvement of visual attention during fluent reading in children with dyslexia and typical readers. Here, 75 children (8–12 years old; 36 typical readers, 39 children with dyslexia) completed cognitive and reading assessments. Neuroimaging data were acquired while children performed a fluent reading task with (a) a condition where the text remained on the screen (Still) versus (b) a condition in which the letters were being deleted (Deleted). Cognitive assessment data analysis revealed that visual attention, executive functions, and phonological awareness significantly contributed to reading comprehension in both groups. A seed‐to‐voxel functional connectivity analysis was performed on the fluency functional magnetic resonance imaging task. Typical readers showed greater functional connectivity between the dorsal attention network and the left angular gyrus while performing the Still and Deleted reading tasks versus children with dyslexia. Higher connectivity values were associated with higher reading comprehension. The control group showed increased functional connectivity between the ventral attention network and the fronto‐parietal network during the Deleted text condition (compared with the Still condition). Children with dyslexia did not display this pattern. The results suggest that the synchronized activity of executive, visual attention, and reading‐related networks is a pattern of functional integration which children with dyslexia fail to achieve. The present evidence points toward a critical role of visual attention in dyslexia.
Economies of scale and optimal size of maternity services in Belgium: A Data Envelopment Analysis
Authors: Lefèvre Mélanie , Bouckaert Nicolas , Camberlin Cécile , Van de Voorde Carine
Published: January 2022

This article uses a Data Envelopment Analysis to measure scale efficiency of maternity services in Belgium and estimate the minimum efficient scale in this context. Using administrative data for all maternity services in Belgium in 2016, the minimum efficient scale is estimated at 557 deliveries per year, which is above the currently prevailing norm of 400 deliveries per year. In particular, the closure of 17 small maternity services could improve efficiency without reducing accessibility. In addition to that, further efficiency gains could be attained by increasing the scale of maternity services up to at least 900 deliveries per year. Although most services are close to scale efficiency, the mean scale inefficiency level is 13% and low scores are mainly concentrated among the smallest services. These results are robust to changes in model specifications, bootstrapping and removal of outliers. In the current context of reform of the hospital and maternity landscape in Belgium, this study shows room for improvement and the possibility to generate substantial efficiency gains that could be reinvested in the healthcare system.