bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of social knowledge on photoprotection and its relationship with education and age in a Polish seaside town during summer holidays
Authors: Woźna Julia , Stępka Jan , Bałoniak Andrzej , Adamski Zygmunt
Published: November 2023

Objective

This survey aimed to evaluate knowledge of photoprotection among individuals from a random group in a resort town in Poland, Kołobrzeg, and explore the correlation between their knowledge and demographics like age, gender, education, and residence.

Methods

An anonymous survey was conducted among a diverse group. This population comprised individuals from various backgrounds: health spa patients undergoing treatments, therapies and medical appointments, guests visiting the resort for leisure, passersby, and staff working at the spa and recreational facilities. The survey was designed by authors, encompassed 16 questions about knowledge on photoprotection, sunscreen use and related topics, and gathered demographic data. Responses from 142 individuals were statistically analyzed using PQStat Software.

Results

Only 7.7% use sunscreen all year‐round. The majority apply sun protection factor (SPF) creams on sunny days or with prolonged sun exposure. Over half of the respondents (53.5%) are aware when to apply sunscreen but 43% reapply it less than every 4 h. 25.4% do not reapply at all. 38.7% think protection provided by higher SPF means longer sun exposure time. Over 50% believe SPF 30 offers double the protection of SPF 15. Almost half (46.8%) use extra sun protection, like sunglasses or hats. Significant correlations exist between education/age and certain survey responses.

Conclusions

The findings emphasize the urgency to improve photoprotection knowledge in the Polish population, particularly regarding the year‐round harmful solar effects and the correct use of sun protection products.
Time matters in pandemic risk communication: A moderated effect of information timeliness on stakeholder perception in Singapore
Authors: Yi Fangxin , Li Xiangyu (Dale) , Yu Shaocong , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2023

The outbreak of the COVID‐19 pandemic shows the increasing importance of determining the factors of the public perceptions of personal and societal risks. These perceptions can shape people's behaviors, which, in turn, alter the spread of a pandemic on the community level. However, previous research on risk communication was inconsistent, and little is known about the impact of timely warning messages on stakeholders' perceptions of public health emergencies. To address this theoretical gap, this study analyzes the survey data (N = 538) from Singapore to explore the main effect of information timeliness on the respondents’ stakeholder perceptions. This effect is moderated by normative factors, including attention and threat perceptions. We find that the more timely the government updates the risk information, the more trustworthy the stakeholders appear in respondents’ opinions. Such an effect is weakened when the pre‐decision attention or the threat perception interacts with the predictor independently. However, this effect on stakeholder perceptions becomes stronger if both moderators interact with the information timeliness. That is, an appropriate combination of the information released by the government can effectively enhance the image of the stakeholders during the pandemic.
Associations of physical activity type, volume, intensity, and changes over time with all‐cause mortality in older adults: The Seniors‐ENRICA cohorts
Authors: Duarte Junior Miguel Angelo , Martínez‐Gómez David , Pintos‐Carrillo Salud , Sotos‐Prieto Mercedes , Ortolá Rosario , Rodríguez‐Artalejo Fernando , Cabanas‐Sánchez Verónica
Published: November 2023

Objective

To assess the association of physical activity (PA) type, volume, intensity, and changes over time with all‐cause mortality in older adults.

Methods

We used data from 3518 and 3273 older adults recruited in the Seniors‐ENRICA‐1 and 2 cohorts. PA was assessed with the EPIC questionnaire. Participants reported how many hours they spent a week in walking, cycling, gardening, do‐it‐yourself (DIY), sports, and housework. Then, time at each intensity (moderate PA [MPA], vigorous PA [VPA], moderate‐to‐vigorous PA [MVPA] and total PA) was calculated. Changes in PA were calculated from the date of the baseline interview to Wave 1. All‐cause mortality was ascertained up January 31, 2022. Analyses were performed with Cox regression models, adjusting for the main confounders.

Results

Walking, gardening, sports, and housework was associated with lower mortality (ranged 20%–46%). Also, MPA, VPA, MVPA was associated with lower risk of mortality (ranged 28%–53%). Analyses of PA change showed that, compared no PA participation (at baseline nor Wave 1), maintain walking, sports, and housework (ranged 28%–53%) and maintaining MPA, VPA, and MVPA (ranged 32%–36%) levels was linked to decreased mortality risk. Those who increased, maintained, or even decreased total PA had lower mortality (57%, 52%, and 36%, respectively) than those with consistently very low PA.

Conclusions

The lower mortality was observed in those with a high baseline level of total PA. Maintaining PA levels such as walking, gardening, and housework, or at all analyzed intensities, was related to lower mortality.
Towards an Open Digital Ecosystem for Archaeology in South America: The BADACor (Córdoba Archaeological Sites Database) as a case of an open digital archaeological source for heritage management in central Argentina
Authors:   Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Izeta Andrés. D. , Cattáneo Roxana
Published: November 2023

BaDACor is a database that contains a comprehensive inventory of archaeological sites located in the province of Córdoba, Argentina. The creation of this database was the result of a top-down approach, which involved the collaboration of decision-makers and professionals from the academic and state-governmental sectors. Furthermore, the database has also been utilised in a bottom-up approach, whereby interest groups and citizens concerned with heritage preservation have made use of it. This has been particularly important in light of the construction of Highway 38, which has resulted in damage to natural habitats and the destruction of territories of communities with traditional ways of life. Additionally, the construction of the highway has also endangered the integrity of ancestral territories loaded with symbolism for aboriginal communities. BaDACor has been employed in legal claims in cases of conflict with the state, and has proved to be an invaluable tool for heritage management. This is especially significant for local communities and indigenous groups who have historically had their heritage desecrated, destroyed, and hidden. The availability of BaDACor on different platforms has facilitated better access to information while also ensuring the preservation of digital data. The use of digital media has been reinforced through talks, conferences, and meetings with stakeholders to ensure that the voices of affected communities are heard in decision-making processes.
Early diagnosis of caesarean scar pregnancy by ultrasound – a novel, simple and rapid clinical classification scoring system
Authors: Cai Xiaona , Zhu Xuelian , Zhu Yaoxin , Su Chenying , Chen Tianran , Zhan Yu , Xue Min , Li Hui , Chen Lixia
Published: November 2023

Aim: In the recent years, with the increase in the caesarean section rate, the incidence of caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP) has shown a significant upwards trend. We propose a novel, simple and rapid clinical and ultrasound (US) classification scoring system to assist in the early diagnosis of CSP.Material and methods: A total of 385 patients with CSP were included in the study. All patients were given a comprehensive score, iincluding clinical data (whether HCG is consistent with gestational age and vaginal bleeding) and US findings (linea a and b, gestational sac morphology, the presence of primitive cardiac tube beat, and color Doppler aspect). The scores were analysed by ROC curve analysis, and sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results: A score of 4 has a specificity of 91.7% and a sensitivity of 95.6% in diagnose CSP. The area under the ROC curve was 0.973.Conclusion: This scoring system may be a reliable tool for the early diagnosis of CSP and has the characteristics of being simple and rapid. For patients with a total score of ≥4 points, CSP is suggested, and early clinical treatment can be carried out, while patients with a score of less than 4 points can temporarily retain pregnancy and be closely followed up.
On the Road to Redemption: A Case Study of Triathlon Participation and Substance Use Recovery Stories
Authors: McGannon Kerry R. , Towers Keira , McMahon Jenny
Published: November 2023

Although sport participation holds potential to facilitate substance use recovery, the role of sport and links to identity transformation are contentious. Using an instrumental and intrinsic case study, we used narrative inquiry to explore autobiographies as cultural sites of analysis in relation to the role that one sport (i.e., triathlon) plays in substance use recovery. We conducted a social constructionist narrative thematic analysis of four public autobiography sources (e.g., one book and three documentary films) chronicling one man’s 27-year journey of substance use recovery using recreational triathlon. A central narrative threaded the substance use recovery process: redemption narrative. Redemption narrative meaning(s) unfolded in distinct ways depending on identity themes: (a) athlete to triathlete: (re)creating a non-substance-using identity and (b) generative athlete: claiming a sober identity. The redemption stories and shifting identities were connected to recovery capital resources: human (e.g., mental health and life perspective), social (e.g., community belonging), and cultural (e.g., appreciation of new meanings connected with triathlon). This study extends work in sport psychology focusing on athlete autobiographies as research and pedagogical resources to learn more about the role of sport in substance use recovery. We provide reflections on findings, recommendations for practitioners, and future research directions.
Upregulation of occludin by cytolethal distending toxin facilitates
Glaesserella parasuis
adhesion to respiratory tract cells
Authors: Yang Zhen , Zhang Yiwen , Du Senyan , Zhao Qin , Huang Xiaobo , Wu Rui , Yan Qigui , Han Xinfeng , Cao Sanjie , Chang Yung-Fu , Wen Yiping
Published: November 2023

Virulent
Glaesserella parasuis
may engender systemic infection characterized by fibrinous polyserositis and pneumonia.
G. parasuis
causes systemic disease through upper respiratory tract infection, but the mechanism has not been fully characterized. Tight junction (TJ) proteins maintain the integrity and impermeability of the epithelial barriers. In this work, we applied the recombinant cytolethal distending toxin (CDT) holotoxin and
cdt
-deficient mutants to assess whether CDT interacted with TJ proteins of airway tract cells. Our results indicated that CDT induced the TJ occludin (OCLN) expression in newborn pig tracheal epithelial cells within the first 3 hours of bacterial infection, followed by a significant decrease. Overexpression of OCLN in target cells made them more susceptible to
G. parasuis
adhesion, whereas ablation of OCLN expression by CRISPR/Cas 9 gene editing technology in target cells decreased their susceptibility to bacterial adhesion. In addition, CDT treatment could upregulate the OCLN levels in the lung tissue of C57/BL6 mice. In summary, highly virulent
G. parasuis
strain SC1401 stimulated the tight junction expression, resulting in higher bacterial adhesion to respiratory tract cells, and this process is closely related to CDT. Our results may provide novel insights into
G. parasuis
infection and CDT-mediated pathogenesis.
An expanded toolkit of drug resistance cassettes for
Candida glabrata
,
Candida auris
, and
Candida albicans
leads to new insights into the ergosterol pathway
Authors: Gregor Justin B. , Gutierrez-Schultz Victor A. , Hoda Smriti , Baker Kortany M. , Saha Debasmita , Burghaze Madeline G. , Vazquez Cynthia , Burgei Kendra E. , Briggs Scott D.
Published: November 2023

The World Health Organization recently published the first list of priority fungal pathogens highlighting multiple
Candida
species, including
Candida glabrata
,
Candida albicans
, and
Candida auris
. However, prior studies in these pathogens have been mainly limited to the use of two drug resistance cassettes,
NatMX
and
HphMX
, limiting genetic manipulation capabilities in prototrophic laboratory strains and clinical isolates. In this study, we expanded the toolkit for
C. glabrata
,
C. auris
, and
C. albicans
to include
KanMX
and
BleMX
when coupled with an
in vitro
assembled CRISPR-Cas9 ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based system. Repurposing these drug resistance cassettes for
Candida
, we were able to make single gene deletions, sequential and simultaneous double gene deletions, epitope tags, and rescue constructs. We applied these drug resistance cassettes to interrogate the ergosterol pathway, a critical pathway for both the azole and polyene antifungal drug classes. Using our approach, we determined for the first time that the deletion of
ERG3
in
C. glabrata
,
C. auris,
and
C. albicans
prototrophic strains results in azole drug resistance, which further supports the conservation of the Erg3-dependent toxic sterol model. Furthermore, we show that an
ERG5
deletion in
C. glabrata
is azole susceptible at subinhibitory concentrations, suggesting that Erg5 could act as an azole buffer for Erg11. Finally, we identified a synthetic growth defect when both
ERG3
and
ERG5
are deleted in
C. glabrata,
which suggests the possibility of another toxic sterol impacting growth. Overall, we have expanded the genetic tools available to interrogate complex pathways in prototrophic strains and clinical isolates.

IMPORTANCE

The increasing problem of drug resistance and emerging pathogens is an urgent global health problem that necessitates the development and expansion of tools for studying fungal drug resistance and pathogenesis. Prior studies in
Candida glabrata
,
Candida auris
, and
Candida albicans
have been mainly limited to the use of
NatMX/SAT1
and
HphMX/CaHyg
for genetic manipulation in prototrophic strains and clinical isolates. In this study, we demonstrated that
NatMX/SAT1, HphMX, KanMX,
and/or
BleMX
drug resistance cassettes when coupled with a CRISPR-ribonucleoprotein (RNP)-based system can be efficiently utilized for deleting or modifying genes in the ergosterol pathway of
C. glabrata
,
C. auris
, and
C. albicans
. Moreover, the utility of these tools has provided new insights into
ERG
genes and their relationship to azole resistance in
Candida
. Overall, we have expanded the toolkit for
Candida
pathogens to increase the versatility of genetically modifying complex pathways involved in drug resistance and pathogenesis.
Mammalian faunal change of the Miocene Dove Spring Formation, Mojave region, southern California, USA, in relation to tectonic history
Authors: Hardy Fabian Cerón , Badgley Catherine
Published: November 2023

Tectonic processes drive the evolution of basins through local and regional changes in topographic relief, which have long-term effects on mammalian richness and distribution. Mammals respond to the resulting changes in landscape and climate through evolution, shifts in geographic range, and by altering their community composition. Here, we evaluate the relationship between tectonic episodes and the diversification history of fossil mammals in the Miocene Dove Spring Formation (12.5–8.5 Ma) of southern California, USA. This formation contains a rich fossil record of mammals and other vertebrates as well as structural and sedimentological evidence for tectonic episodes of basin extension, rotation, and translation.

We used several methods to compare the fossil record to the tectonic history of the Dove Spring Formation. We updated the formation’s geochronology to incorporate current radiometric dating standards and measured additional stratigraphic sections to refine the temporal resolution of large mammal (>1 kg) fossil localities to 200-kyr (or shorter) intervals. Observed species richness over time follows the same trend as the number of localities and specimens, suggesting that richness reflects sampling intensity. Estimates of stratigraphic ranges with 80% confidence intervals were used to conduct per capita diversification analysis and a likelihood approach to changes in faunal composition from one time interval to the next. While edge effects influence time bins at the beginning and end of the study interval, we found changes in diversification rates and faunal composition that are not solely linked to preservation. Several rare species appear at 10.5 Ma and persist through the top of the formation despite variable preservation rates. Changes in faunal composition at 12.1 Ma and 10.5 Ma are not associated with elevated preservation rates, which indicates that some faunal changes are not primarily driven by sampling effort. The lower portion of the formation is characterized by high origination rates and long residence times. The upper portion has high per capita extinction rates that increased in magnitude as basin rotation and translation progressed from 10.5 Ma. The greatest change in faunal composition coincided with basin rotation and translation that interrupted a long-running extensional period. Tectonics played key roles in the diversity of mammals by determining fossil productivity and shaping the landscapes that they inhabited.
Supplemental Material: End-Mesoproterozoic (ca. 1.08 Ga) epeiric seaway of the Nonesuch Formation, Wisconsin and Michigan, USA
Authors: Stewart Esther K. , al. et
Published: November 2023

Table S1: Core and outcrop locations. Table S2: Compiled microfossil and core data.
Supplemental Material: U-Th-Pb dating, trace elements and Sr-Nd isotopes of monazite and allanite as recorders for multi-stage rare earth element mineralization and remobilization in carbonatite dike systems
Authors: Zhang Hao-Xiang , Jiang Shao-Yong , et al.
Published: November 2023

Table S1: The chemical compositions of allanite and monazite from the Huangjiagou carbonatite. Table S2: The U-Th-Pb date of monazite and allanite from the Huangjiagou carbonatite. Table S3: The Sr-Nd isotope data of monazite and allanite from the Huangjiagou carbonatite.
Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 (HMGCS2) deficiency: a rare case with bicytopenia and coagulopathy
Authors: El-Sayed Dalia , El-Karaksy Hanaa , Wali Yasser , Youssry Ilham
Published: November 2023

Mitochondrial 3-hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase-2 (HMGCS2) is the main enzyme involved in ketogenesis. It is an essential enzyme for the catalysis of β-oxidation-derived-acetyl-CoA and acetoacetyl Co-A to produce β-hydroxy-β-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) and free coenzyme A.

The deficiency of this enzyme (3-hydoxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase) is a very rare metabolic disorder with limited cases described in the literature. The manifestations of this disease include hypoketotic hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis, lethargy, hepatomegaly with fatty liver and encephalopathy.

We report a middle childhood male who presented with hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy and bicytopenia. The case was diagnosed by the whole exome sequencing which revealed a homozygous missense variant of uncertain significance in HMGCS2 gene.
Resilience in childhood vaccination: analysing delivery system responses to shocks in Lebanon
Authors: Ismail Sharif A , Tomoaia-Cotisel Andrada , Noubani Aya , Fouad Fouad M , Bell Sadie , Borghi Josephine , Blanchet Karl
Published: November 2023

Introduction

Despite rapidly growing academic and policy interest in health system resilience, the empirical literature on this topic remains small and focused on macrolevel effects arising from single shocks. To better understand health system responses to multiple shocks, we conducted an in-depth case study using qualitative system dynamics. We focused on routine childhood vaccination delivery in Lebanon in the context of at least three shocks overlapping to varying degrees in space and time: large-scale refugee arrivals from neighbouring Syria; COVID-19; and an economic crisis.

Methods

Semistructured interviews were performed with 38 stakeholders working at different levels in the system. Interview transcripts were analysed using purposive text analysis to generate individual stakeholder causal loop diagrams (CLDs) mapping out relationships between system variables contributing to changes in coverage for routine antigens over time. These were then combined using a stepwise process to produce an aggregated CLD. The aggregated CLD was validated using a reserve set of interview transcripts.

Results

Various system responses to shocks were identified, including demand promotion measures such as scaling-up community engagement activities and policy changes to reduce the cost of vaccination to service users, and supply side responses including donor funding mobilisation, diversification of service delivery models and cold chain strengthening. Some systemic changes were introduced—particularly in response to refugee arrivals—including task-shifting to nurse-led vaccine administration. Potentially transformative change was seen in the integration of private sector clinics to support vaccination delivery and depended on both demand side and supply side changes. Some resilience-promoting measures introduced following earlier shocks paradoxically increased vulnerability to later ones.

Conclusion

Flexibility in financing and human resource allocation appear key for system resilience regardless of the shock. System dynamics offers a promising method for ex ante modelling of ostensibly resilience-strengthening interventions under different shock scenarios, to identify—and safeguard against—unintended consequences.
Health and economic effects of introducing single-dose or two-dose human papillomavirus vaccination in India
Authors: M de Carvalho Tiago , Man Irene , Georges Damien , Saraswati Lopamudra Ray , Bhandari Prince , Kataria Ishu , Siddiqui Mariam , Muwonge Richard , Lucas Eric , Sankaranarayanan Rengaswamy , Basu Partha , Berkhof Johannes , Bogaards Johannes A , Baussano Iacopo
Published: November 2023

Background

Cervical cancer is a major public health problem in India, where access to prevention programmes is low. The WHO-Strategic Advisory Group of Experts recently updated their recommendation for human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to include a single-dose option in addition to the two-dose option, which could make HPV vaccination programmes easier to implement and more affordable.

Methods

We combined projections from a type-specific HPV transmission model and a cancer progression model to assess the health and economic effects of HPV vaccination at national and state level in India. The models used national and state-specific Indian demographic, epidemiological and cost data, and single-dose vaccine efficacy and immunogenicity data from the International Agency for Research on Cancer India vaccine trial with 10-year follow-up. We compared single-dose and two-dose HPV vaccination for a range of plausible scenarios regarding single-dose vaccine protection, coverage and catch-up. We used a healthcare sector payer perspective with a time horizon of 100 years.

Results

Under the base-case scenario of lifelong protection of single-dose vaccination in 10-year-old girls with 90% coverage, the discounted incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) of nationwide vaccination relative to no vaccination was US$406 (₹INR30 000) per DALY (disability-adjusted life-years) averted. This lay below an opportunity-cost-based threshold of 30% Indian gross domestic product per capita in each Indian state (state-specific ICER range: US$67–US$593 per DALY averted). The ICER of two-dose vaccination versus no vaccination vaccination was US$1404 (₹INR104 000). The ICER of two-dose vaccination versus single-dose vaccination, assuming lower initial efficacy and waning of single-dose vaccination, was at least US$2282 (₹INR169 000) per DALY averted.

Conclusions

Nationwide introduction of single-dose HPV vaccination at age 10 in India is highly likely to be cost-effective whereas extending the number of doses from one to two would have a less favourable profile.
Development, assessment and validation of a novel prediction nomogram model for risk identification of tracheobronchial tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis
Authors: Qiu Qian , Li Siju , Chen Yong , Yan Xiaofeng , Yang Song , Qiu Shi , Peng Anzhou , Chen Yaokai
Published: November 2023

Objective

Tracheobronchial tuberculosis (TBTB), a specific subtype of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB), can lead to bronchial stenosis or bronchial occlusion if not identified early. However, there is currently no available means for predicting the risk of associated TBTB in PTB patients. The objective of this study was to establish a risk prediction nomogram model for estimating the associated TBTB risk in every PTB patient.

Methods

A retrospective cohort study was conducted with 2153 PTB patients. Optimised characteristics were selected using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression. Multivariate logistic regression was applied to build a predictive nomogram model. Discrimination, calibration and clinical usefulness of the prediction model were assessed using C-statistics, receiver operator characteristic curves, calibration plots and decision analysis. The developed model was validated both internally and externally.

Results

Among all PTB patients who underwent bronchoscopies (n=2153), 40.36% (n=869) were diagnosed with TBTB. A nomogram model incorporating 11 predictors was developed and displayed good discrimination with a C-statistics of 0.782, a sensitivity of 0.661 and a specificity of 0.762 and good calibration with a calibration-in-the-large of 0.052 and a calibration slope of 0.957. Model’s discrimination was favourable in both internal (C-statistics, 0.782) and external (C-statistics, 0.806) validation. External validation showed satisfactory accuracy (sensitivity, 0.690; specificity, 0.804) in independent cohort. Decision curve analysis showed that the model was clinically useful when intervention was decided on at the exacerbation possibility threshold of 2.3%–99.2%. A clinical impact curve demonstrated that our model predicted high-risk estimates and true positives.

Conclusion

We developed a novel and convenient risk prediction nomogram model that enhances the risk assessment of associated TBTB in PTB patients. This nomogram can help identify high-risk PTB patients who may benefit from early bronchoscopy and aggressive treatment to prevent disease progression.
Artificial placentas, pregnancy loss and loss-sensitive care
Authors: Romanis Elizabeth Chloe , Adkins Victoria
Published: November 2023

In this paper, we explore how the prospect of artificial placenta technology (nearing clinical trials in human subjects) should encourage further consideration of the loss experienced by individuals when their pregnancy ends unexpectedly. Discussions of pregnancy loss are intertwined with procreative loss, whereby the gestated entity has died when the pregnancy ends. However, we demonstrate how pregnancy loss can and does exist separate to procreative loss in circumstances where the gestated entity survives the premature ending of the pregnancy. In outlining the value that can be attached to pregnancy beyond fetal-centric narratives, we illustrate how pregnancy loss, separate to procreative loss, can be experienced. This loss has already been recognised among parents who have experienced an unexpected early ending of their pregnancy, resulting in their child being cared for in neonatal intensive care unit. Artificial placentas, however, may exacerbate these feelings and make pregnancy loss (without procreative loss) more visible. We argue that pregnancy is an embodied state in which gestation is facilitated by the body but gestation itself should be recognised as a process—and one that could be separable from pregnancy. In demarcating the two, we explore the different ways in which pregnancy loss can be understood. Our objective in this paper goes beyond contributing to our philosophical understanding of pregnancy towards practical-orientated conclusions regarding the care pathways surrounding the artificial placenta. We make recommendations including the need for counselling and careful consideration of the language used when an artificial placenta is used.
Integrating disparate survey data in species distribution models demonstrate the need for robust model evaluation
Authors: Nephin Jessica , Thompson Patrick L. , Anderson Sean C. , Park Ashley E. , Rooper Christopher N. , Aulthouse Brendan , Watson Joe
Published: November 2023

Marine spatial planning and conservation initiatives benefit from an understanding of species distributions across larger geographic areas than are often sampled by any one survey. Here, we test whether the integration of disparate survey data can improve habitat predictions across a region not well sampled by a single survey using Dungeness crab ( Metacarcinus magister) from British Columbia as a case study. We assemble data from dive, trawl, and baited-trap surveys to generate six candidate generalized linear mixed-effect models with spatial random fields. To compare single-survey and integrated models, we evaluate predictive performance with spatially buffered leave-one-out cross-validation and independently with two novel approaches using fisheries catch data. We find improved predictive performance and reduced uncertainty when integrating data from surveys that suffer from small sample size, low detectability, or limited spatial coverage. We demonstrate the importance of robust model evaluation when integrating data and predicting to unsampled locations. In addition, we highlight the need for careful consideration of sampling biases and model assumptions when integrating data to reduce the risk of prediction errors.
Automatic Video Traffic Surveillance System with Number Plate Character Recognition Using Hybrid Optimization-Based YOLOv3 and Improved CNN
Authors: Bhosale Manoj Krishna , Patil Shubhangi B. , Patil Babasaheb B
Published: November 2023

Recently, the increased count of surveillance cameras has manipulated the demand criteria for a higher effective video coding process. Moreover, the ultra-modern video coding standards have appreciably enhanced the efficiency of video coding, which has been developed for gathering common videos over surveillance videos. Various vehicle recognition techniques have provided a challenging and promising role in computer vision applications and intelligent transport systems. In this case, most of the conventional techniques have recognized the vehicles along with bounding box depiction and thus failed to provide the proper locations of the vehicles. Moreover, the position details have been vigorous in terms of various real-time applications trajectory of vehicle’s motion on the road as well as movement estimation. Numerous advancements have been offered throughout the years in the traffic surveillance area through the random propagation of intelligent traffic video surveillance techniques. The ultimate goal of this model is to design and enhance intelligent traffic video surveillance techniques by utilizing the developed deep learning techniques. This model has the ability to handle video traffic surveillance by measuring the speed of vehicles and recognizing their number plates. The initial process is considered the data collection, in which the traffic video data is gathered. Furthermore, the vehicle detection is performed by the Optimized YOLOv3 deep learning classifier, in which the parameter optimization is performed by using the newly recommended Modified Coyote Spider Monkey Optimization (MCSMO), which is the combination of Coyote Optimization Algorithm (COA) and Spider Monkey Optimization (SMO). Furthermore, the speed of the vehicles has been measured from each frame. For high-speed vehicles, the same Optimized YOLOv3 is used for detecting the number plates. Once the number plates are detected, plate character recognition is performed by the Improved Convolutional Neural Network (ICNN). Thus, the information about the vehicles, which are violating the traffic rules, can be conveyed to the vehicle owners and Regional Transport Office (RTO) to take further action to avoid accidents. From the experimental validation, the accuracy and precision rate of the designed method achieves 97.53% and 96.83%. Experimental results show that the proposed method achieves enhanced performance when compared to conventional models, thus ensuring the security of the transport system.
Comparative Study of HMD-based Virtual and Augmented Realities for Immersive Museums: User Acceptance, Medium, and Learning
Authors: Jin Yunshui , Ma Minhua , Liu Yun
Published: November 2023

Technologies like Head Mounted Display (HMD)-based Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) have made HMD-based immersive museums possible. To investigate the user acceptance, medium, and interaction experience for HMD-based immersive museums, an app entitled
The Extended Journey
has been designed, developed, and deployed on both VR headsets and AR headsets. Subsequently, a between-subjects design experiment with 62 participants was conducted to measure the user experience and learning outcome in HMD VR and HMD AR conditions. Quantitative results revealed that HMD VR museums had statistically significantly better immersion and empathy compared to HMD AR museums. Qualitative data indicated HMD-based immersive museums were embraced by most young participants while HMD VR had better user acceptance than HMD AR for immersive museums. The interview also demonstrated that the advantage of the HMD-based immersive museum over the traditional online museum is not only the sensory immersion from the medium itself but also the interactive narrative experience that the HMD medium facilitates, especially the natural interaction with the CG characters and the environment in the story.
Optimizing Resource Management for Shared Microservices: A Scalable System Design
Authors: Luo Shutian , Lin Chenyu , Ye Kejiang , Xu Guoyao , Zhang Liping , Yang Guodong , Xu Huanle , Xu Chengzhong
Published: November 2023

A common approach to improving resource utilization in data centers is to adaptively provision resources based on the actual workload. One fundamental challenge of doing this in microservice management frameworks, however, is that different components of a service can exhibit significant differences in their impact on end-to-end performance. To make resource management more challenging, a single microservice can be shared by multiple online services that have diverse workload patterns and SLA requirements.

We present an efficient resource management system, namely Erms, for guaranteeing SLAs with high probability in shared microservice environments. Erms profiles microservice latency as a piece-wise linear function of the workload, resource usage, and interference. Based on this profiling, Erms builds resource scaling models to optimally determine latency targets for microservices with complex dependencies. Erms also designs new scheduling policies at shared microservices to further enhance resource efficiency. Experiments across microservice benchmarks as well as trace-driven simulations demonstrate that Erms can reduce SLA violation probability by 5× and more importantly, lead to a reduction in resource usage by 1.6×, compared to state-of-the-art approaches.
The Synergic Effects of Climate Variability on Rainfall Distribution over Hare Catchment of Ethiopia
Authors: Ayalew Abebe Temesgen
Published: November 2023

Climate analysis at relevant time scales is important for water resources management, agricultural planning, flood risk assessment, ecological modeling, and climate change adaptation. This study analyzes the spatiotemporal variability of climate on rainfall distribution for the Hare catchment of Ethiopia. Numerous hydroclimatic variables and scenarios were developed to assess the pattern of rainfall during different seasons. The average annual precipitation varies between −37.3%, +33.1%, and −38.2%, +61.2%, for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. The anticipated declines in mean seasonal rainfall changes for the Bega and Belg seasons range from −69.6% to 88.4% and from −60.6% to 15.2% for RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, respectively. Climate models predict that the average periodic precipitation considered for the Kiremt season will vary from −12.1% to 1.33%. The Belg, Kiremt, and Bega seasons will likely see a 28.2%, 12.2%, and 22.6% drop in mean seasonal precipitation, respectively. The decrease in stream flow accompanied by the aforementioned climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) can be as high as 19.6% and 6.7%, respectively. Also, the amount of discharge will reduce in the near future because of a substantial reduction in rainfall and a rise in evapotranspiration in the catchment. This decline in stream flow has its own effect on the future availability of water resources. The research finding is vital to environmental protection authority, decision makers, and scientific community to undertake climate change adaption techniques for rain scare areas. A program combined with multi-RCMs to evaluate climate change effects on hydrometeorology generated a novel approach to this research with appropriate adaptation mechanisms.
Relapse of Lung Adenocarcinoma Manifested by Spontaneous Tumor Lysis Syndrome
Authors: Im Daebin , Alsheimer Katie , Poulose Joyson , Zeykan Violeta , Talamo Giampaolo
Published: November 2023

Introduction: Tumor lysis syndrome (TLS) is an oncologic emergency characterized by several metabolic derangements, such as hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia. TLS is typically observed in hematologic malignancies, especially after starting the first administration of antineoplastic therapies. TLS in a solid malignancy is very unusual, and exceedingly rare when occurring spontaneously, in the absence of chemotherapy. Case Presentation: We report a case of a 76-year-old man with lung adenocarcinoma, which started as a cancer with indolent behavior and small tumor burden but relapsed in 5 months with rapidly proliferating metastatic disease. Spontaneous TLS was the presenting clinical manifestation of the tumor relapse, and it led to the patient’s death. Conclusion: To our knowledge, this is the first case of spontaneous TLS in a relapsed adenocarcinoma of the lung reported in the medical literature. The development of the metabolic derangements of TLS should prompt the consideration of tumor relapse during the follow-up of patients with solid malignancies.
Conchita Wurst: gênero e diversidade no ensino de alemão no Brasil
Authors: Freitas Alessandra de , Bohunovsky Ruth
Published: November 2023

O presente artigo tem por objetivo discutir gênero enquanto categoria social na área de Alemão como Língua Estrangeira (ALE). A partir do exemplo de um material didático sobre a drag queen austríaca Conchita Wurst, elaborado com orientação pela aprendizagem cultural (Altmayer 2016; Fornoff 2016; Fornoff & Koreik 2020), abordamos as possibilidades de um ensino-aprendizagem de ALE no Brasil que seja sensível à diversidade. Para tanto, a partir dos estudos de gênero (Scott 1995; Lauretis 1994; Butler [1990] 2003), discutimos a categoria “gênero”, explorando suas relações com a linguagem, de modo a demonstrar sua pertinência no contexto de ensino-aprendizagem de uma língua estrangeira. Além disso, dialogamos com publicações anteriores que abordam questões de gênero na área de ALE (Peuschel 2018; Freese & Völkel 2022; Elsen 2018), acentuando aspectos envolvidos em discussões sobre gênero em sala de aula. Em seguida, apresentamos o material didático, relatando brevemente o contexto de produção, o processo de elaboração e descrevendo a unidade didática em si. Finalmente, defendemos que a unidade didática pode ser considerada uma contribuição para a promoção de um ensino-aprendizagem de ALE sensível à diversidade.
“I no longer agree with Hitler to exterminate them…”. Teaching The Holocaust to Malaysian BA German-Students Through Selected History Films
Authors: Schaar Torsten , Wen Chang Shi
Published: November 2023

The article describes experiences in teaching the sensitive topic of the industrial extermination of European Jews during World War II (the Holocaust) in the BA German programme at Universiti Putra Malaysia. The topic was covered in a history course and supported by the use of international feature films. Based on a summary of Malaysia-Israel relations, the relevance of the topic in the teaching of German as a foreign language is highlighted, and the teaching objectives, pedagogical approach and results of a film project are presented. The article aims to answer the questions of how Malaysian students perceived history films on the Holocaust and whether it was possible to achieve a more differentiated view of the Holocaust, at least among some students. As part of a comprehensive history film project on the Second World War, three history films dealing with the persecution and extermination of European Jews were screened and analysed in class. The film 'The Grey Zone' (USA, 2001) was selected for this article and students' responses and attitudes to challenging questions, provided as qualitative data, are discussed. Three historical literacies – Content Knowledge, Historical Empathy/Perspective Recognition and Narrative Analysis (Metzger 2007) – provided the theoretical framework for the history film project.
TV online no Brasil: estratégias dos serviços de distribuição da Globo
Authors: Massarolo João Carlos , Mesquita Dario
Published: November 2023

Na era da televisão por streaming, o conceito de televisão tem sido revisitado a cada novo dispositivo de tela com conexão à internet que surge no mercado. Neste sentido, a TV online promove o avanço dos serviços de distribuição audiovisual e se diferencia das plataformas sociais (YouTube, Facebook etc.) e de conteúdos (Netflix e Amazon Prime Video, entre outras), pela variedade de serviços que são oferecidos e, também, pela sua infraestrutura fechada para visualização do acervo de conteúdo audiovisual, selecionados por curadoria editorial. Pretende-se, assim, recorrer à noção de TV online, aplicando suas categorias de análise para um estudo dos serviços da plataforma Globoplay da Globo, buscando demonstrar as relações de continuidade e de rupturas entre os serviços da TV online, Globoplay e vídeo sob demanda, procurando identificar as particularidades dos serviços oferecidos.
As insustentáveis fronteiras do campo jornalístico
Authors: Mattos Fabrício Santos de
Published: November 2023

Beyond Journalism (“Para além do jornalismo”) é um livro resultante de pesquisa comparativa realizada sobre a cultura de startups jornalísticas no mundo. Trata-se de um trabalho que une pesquisa qualitativa e quantitativa em rede sobre os limites transitórios do jornalismo na atualidade. Os autores sustentam a tese de que o jornalismo atualmente tem uma fronteira fluida e está em processo de transição em relação a uma indústria coerente – especialmente após a mudança para o ambiente digital e o advento das startups e de pequenas e médias empresas jornalísticas. Ao mesmo tempo, os autores não se furtam a discutir os limites e as contradições da cultura das startups: apresentam uma visão crítica do empreendedorismo como solução para o jornalismo e mostram como esses jornalistas convivem em um ambiente de trabalho precário, com demissões, falta de estrutura de carreira, acúmulo de funções, horas extras e carga horária excessiva, além da indefinição entre vida pessoal e profissional. Não se trata, portanto, de um livro sobre conteúdo, mas de uma obra sobre pessoas e profissionais e sobre o jornalismo como comunidade em que muitas vezes se confundem personalidade e profissão.
Plataformização: impactos psicopolíticos nos trabalhadores da cultura
Authors: Souza Júnior Luiz Gonzaga de , Oliveira Dennis de
Published: November 2023

Este artículo discute la relación entre el fenómeno de la plataformización y los cambios en la sociabilidad a partir de la teoría de la psicopolítica de Byung-Chul Han. Se centra en la hipótesis de que el sector cultural viene sufriendo consecuencias con esta lógica, en la cual se imbrican cultura, política y poder. El objetivo fue analizar el Programa de Ação Cultural de São Paulo (ProAC SP) en los años 2018 y 2022 con entrevistas semiestructuradas, para comprender cómo uno de los mayores edictos de promoción cultural del estado manifiesta lógicas neoliberales bajo los fenómenos mencionados, como la competitividad, la alta demanda productiva, la autoexplotación de los sujetos y la mediación por plataformas.
Debate sobre América Latina e teorias do jornalismo
Authors: Barbosa Alexandre
Published: November 2023

El libro Por uma teoria latino-americana e decolonial do Jornalismo: propostas para América Latina não ser solitária na indústria jornalística [Por una teoría latinoamericana y decolonial del Periodismo: propuestas para que América Latina no se sienta sola en la industria periodística] busca ampliar los estudios sobre los factores que excluyen a América Latina como categoría de selección y construcción de noticias. Desde referencias bibliográficas de estudios decoloniales, el trabajo pretende actualizar la Teoría del Periodismo para comprender cómo una producción periodística puede ser considerada latinoamericana. El foco está en revisar los criterios de noticiabilidad desde el punto de vista del decolonialismo, conceptualizar qué es América Latina y proponer estrategias para calificar la cobertura periodística desde una perspectiva latinoamericana.
Abstract 13879: Characterizing Post-Cardiac Surgery Infection Risk: A Statewide Experience
Authors: Raza Syed , Zhou Shiwei , Chang Chiang-Hua , Hawkins Robert , Alnajjar Raed , DeLucia Alphonse , Schwartz Charles , Thompson Mike P , barnett noah , Hammond Eric N , Pagani Francis D , Likosky Donald S ,   MI Society of Thoracic & CV Surgeons Quality Collaborative, and the MI Value Collaborative
Published: November 2023

Introduction:
Patients undergoing cardiac surgery are at risk for developing early (in-hospital or within 30-days) and late (up to 180 days after surgery) postoperative infections. Current national database infection metrics are limited in scope and duration of follow-up.

Aim:
Evaluate rates and types of early and late postoperative infections and mortality.

Methods:
Medicare claims from 8335 Michigan fee-for-service beneficiaries undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) (n=4162), isolated surgical aortic valve replacement (SAVR) (n=618), CABG + SAVR (n=627), or transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) (n= 2946) between 2017-2020 at 33 Michigan hospitals were linked to The Society of Thoracic Surgeons data. Nine infection types were tracked within 180 days following surgery. The relationship between infections and 180-day and 365-day mortality was evaluated.

Results:
The average age was 74.2 ± 9.1 years, 36.5% were female, 5.0% were Black and 1.4% were Hispanic. The in-hospital infection rate was 8.9%, while 17.8% within 180 days after surgery. Infection rates varied by hospital (9.1%-33.9%), year (2017 vs 2020: 20.1% vs 16.0%), and procedure type (CABG: 18.2%, SAVR: 14.9%, CABG+SAVR: 19.6%, TAVR: 17.4%). Most common infections were urinary tract infection (8.7%), pneumonia (7.0%) and sepsis (5.2%). The overall mortality rate was 5.9% at 180-days (and varied by infection type,
Table
) and 9.0% at 365 days. Patients with an infection had higher associated 180-day mortality compared to those with no infection (17.7% vs 3.4%, p<0.001). Among infection types, sepsis was associated with the highest 180-day mortality rate.

Conclusions:
Nearly 20% of Medicare beneficiaries develop an infection within 180 days after cardiac surgery, with rates varying by 24% across hospitals and contributing to higher 180-day mortality. Future efforts should identify determinants of postoperative infections, especially given their impact on mortality.