bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The effects of acute thrombocytopenia on megakaryocyte-CFC and granulocyte-macrophage-CFC in mice: studies of bone marrow and spleen
Authors: Levin J , Levin FC , Metcalf D
Published: October 2019

The effects of acute thrombocytopenia, produced by platelet antiserum (PAS), on both megakaryocyte colony-forming cells (Meg-CFC) and granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (GM-CFC) were studied. During the 1-hr to 14-day period following acute thrombocytopenia (platelet counts < 5% of normal), bone marrow and splenic cells of C57BL/6J mice were obtained and cultured for 7 days in 0.3% agar. Numbers of GM and Meg colonies were determined. At no times were alterations in frequency of GM-CFC and Meg-CFC detected in femoral bone marrow. In contrast, GM-CFC in spleen were increased from 3 to 7 days after PAS and from 4 to 7 days after normal serum (NS). Increase in Meg- CFC in the spleen occurred from 3 to 5 days after PAS with a lesser, not significant increase after NS. Alterations in white blood cells and hematocrit values were not detected. Similar responses were observed in germ-free mice and after rechallenge of animals that had received PAS or NS 14 days previously. The delayed increase in Meg-CFC indicates that they are unlikely to be responsible for the altered megakaryopoiesis previously reported in bone marrow after acute thrombocytopenia and was not due to inhibition by PAS. The increase in GM-CFC may reflect stimulation of the reticuloendothelial system by heterologous proteins.
Therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor in a primate model of radiation-induced marrow aplasia
Authors: Farese AM , Myers LA , MacVittie TJ
Published: October 2019

The therapeutic efficacy of recombinant human leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) was examined in a nonhuman primate model of radiation- induced marrow aplasia. Rhesus monkeys received 450 cGy of total-body, 1:1 mixed neutron:gamma radiation. For 23 days thereafter, each monkey received a daily subcutaneous injection of LIF or human serum albumin (HSA) at a dose of 15 micrograms/kg body weight. Complete blood counts and white blood cell differentials were monitored for 60 days postirradiation. Administration of LIF significantly decreased (P > or = .05) the duration of thrombocytopenia (platelet count > 30,000 or 20,000/microL), ie, 9.3 days or 6.3 days, respectively, versus the HSA- treated control monkeys, 12.2 days or 10.2 days, respectively. Treatment with LIF did not alter the duration of neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count > 1,000/microL) as compared with the HSA-treated control monkeys. Cytokine administration did not exacerbate the radiation-induced anemia observed in the HSA-treated control monkeys.
Human eosinophils express functional CD30 ligand and stimulate proliferation of a Hodgkin's disease cell line
Authors: Pinto A , Aldinucci D , Gloghini A , Zagonel V , Degan M , Improta S , Juzbasic S , Todesco M , Perin V , Gattei V , Herrmann F , Gruss HJ , Carbone A
Published: October 2019

The presence of a prominent tissue eosinophilia represents a typical histopathologic hallmark of Hodgkin's disease (HD). To evaluate the putative role of eosinophils on tumor cell regulation in HD, we have analyzed these cells for the functional expression of CD30 ligand (CD30L), a surface molecule able to transduce CD30-mediated proliferation signals on Hodgkin's (H) and Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells. The results demonstrate that circulating and tissue eosinophils from normal donors and patients with HD or hypereosinophilic syndrome (HES), display CD30L mRNA and express CD30L protein, as shown by immunostaining with a specific monoclonal antibody (M80) and with a biotinylated soluble CD30-Fc fusion protein. The surface density of CD30L on eosinophils from HD and HES patients was remarkably higher compared with healthy donors, probably reflecting a cytokine-mediated upregulation in these pathologic conditions. Accordingly, we provide evidence that cytokines regulating eosinophils proliferation and activation, ie, interleukin-5 (IL-5), IL-3, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), are able to enhance the cellular density of CD30L on purified eosinophils from normal subjects. Finally, we show that native CD30L on human eosinophils is a functionally active surface structure able to transduce proliferative signals on CD30+ target cells, including cultured H-RS cells. Our data suggest that eosinophils may not merely represent innocent bystanders, but rather act as important elements in the pathology of HD by contributing to the deregulated network of CD30/CD30L-mediated interactive signals between H-RS cells and surrounding reactive cells.
Increased apoptosis of peripheral blood T cells following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Lin Ming-Tseh , Tseng Li-Hui , Frangoul Haydar , Gooley Ted , Pei Ji , Barsoukov Alexandre , Akatsuka Yoshiki , Hansen John A.
Published: October 2019

Lymphopenia and immune deficiency are significant problems following allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). It is largely assumed that delayed immune reconstruction is due to a profound decrease in thymus-dependent lymphopoiesis, especially in older patients, but apoptosis is also known to play a significant role in lymphocyte homeostasis. Peripheral T cells from patients who received HCT were studied for evidence of increased cell death. Spontaneous apoptosis was measured in CD3+ T cells following a 24-hour incubation using 7-amino-actinomycin D in conjunction with the dual staining of cell surface antigens. Apoptosis was significantly greater among CD3+ T cells taken from patients 19-23 days after transplantation (30.4% ± 12.5%,P < .05), and 1 year after transplantation (9.7% ± 2.8%, P < .05) compared with healthy controls (4.0% ± 1.5%). Increased apoptosis occurred preferentially in HLA (human leukocyte antigen)-DR positive cells and in both CD3+/CD4+ and CD3+/CD8+ T-cell subsets, while CD56+/CD3− natural killer cells were relatively resistant to apoptosis. The extent of CD4+T-cell apoptosis was greater in patients with grade II-IV acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) (33.9% ± 11.3%) compared with grade 0-I GVHD (14.6 ± 6.5%, P < .05). T-cell apoptosis was also greater in patients who received transplantations from HLA-mismatched donors (39.5% ± 10.4%,P < .05) or HLA-matched unrelated donors (32.1% ± 11.4%, P < .05) compared with patients who received transplantations from HLA-identical siblings (19.6% ± 6.7%). The intensity of apoptosis among CD4+ T cells was significantly correlated with a lower CD4+ T-cell count. Together, these observations suggest that activation of T cells in vivo, presumably by alloantigens, predisposes the cells to spontaneous apoptosis, and this phenomenon is associated with lymphopenia. Activation-induced T-cell apoptosis may contribute to delayed immune reconstitution following HCT.
Autologous stem cell transplantation for HIV-associated lymphoma
Authors: Krishnan Amrita , Molina Arturo , Zaia John , Nademanee Auayporn , Kogut Neil , Rosenthal Joseph , Woo Doni , Forman Stephen J.
Published: October 2019

Is peripheral stem cell mobilization followed by autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT) feasible in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)– associated lymphoma (HIV-L)? Studies have demonstrated that, in the HIV- negative (HIV−) setting, ASCT may improve lymphoma-free survival in high-risk non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) or relapsed Hodgkin disease (HD) and NHL. Given the poor prognosis of HIV-L with conventional chemotherapy, this dose-intensive approach was explored. Nine patients with HIV-HD or NHL mobilized a median of 10.6 × 106 CD34+ cells/kg and engrafted after ASCT. CD4 counts recovered to pretransplantation levels and HIV viral loads were controlled in patients compliant with antiretroviral therapy. Seven of 9 patients remain in remission from their lymphoma at a median of 19 months after transplantation. Thus, patients with HIV-L on antiretroviral therapy can engraft following ASCT. Prolonged lymphoma remissions, without significant compromise of immune function, can be seen, suggesting that ASCT can be used in selected patients with HIV-L.
Severe clinical manifestation of mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase deficiency associated with two novel mutations: a case report
Authors: Liu Hao , Miao Jing-kun , Yu Chao-wen , Wan Ke-xing , Zhang Juan , Yuan Zhao-jian , Yang Jing , Wang Dong-juan , Zeng Yan , Zou Lin
Published: October 2019

Background

Mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase (mHS) deficiency is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism, which will give rise to failure of ketogenesis in liver during illness or fasting. It is a very rare disease with only a few patients reported worldwide, most of which had a good prognosis after proper therapies.

Case presentation

We report a 9-month-old boy with mHS deficiency presenting with unusually severe and persistent acidosis after diarrhea and reduced oral food intake. The metabolic acidosis persisted even after supplementation with sugar and alkaline solution. Blood purification and assisted respiration alleviated symptoms, but a second onset induced by respiratory infection several days later led to multiple organ failure and death. Urine organic acid analysis during the acute episode revealed a complex pattern of ketogenic dicarboxylic and 3-hydroxydicarboxylic aciduria with prominent elevation of glutaric acid and adipic acid, which seem to be specific to mHS deficiency. Plasma acylcarnitine analysis revealed elevated 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine and acetylcarnitine. This is the first report of elevated 3-hydroxybutyrylcarnitine in mHS deficiency. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel compound heterozygous mutation in HMGCS2 (c.100C > T and c.1465delA).

Conclusion

This severe case suggests the need for patients with mHS deficiency to avoid recurrent illness because it can induce severe metabolic crisis, possibly leading to death. Such patients may also require special treatment, such as blood purification. Urine organic acid profile during the acute episode may give a hint to the disease.
“Unrigging the support wheels” - A qualitative study on patients’ experiences with and perspectives on low-intensity CBT
Authors: Haller Elisa , Besson Nicole , Watzke Birgit
Published: October 2019

Background

Low-intensity treatments imply reduced therapist contact due to an emphasis on self-help and the use of technologies to deliver treatment. The role of the remoteness, the reduced therapist contact, and the interplay of these components has not been differentiated from a patients’ perspective so far. This study’s purpose is to capture patients’ experiences with telephone-based self-help cognitive behavioural therapy (tel-CBT).

Methods

A subsample of mildly to moderately depressed patients (N = 13) who finished tel-CBT as part of a larger randomised controlled trial (RCT) in routine care were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. Interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, and independently coded by two coders blind to treatment outcome. Using qualitative content analysis with deductive and inductive procedures, a two-level category system was established.

Results

The category system contains four category clusters regarding expectations, self-help related aspects, telephone-related aspects, and implications for patients’ treatment pathway, and subsumes a total of 15 categories. Self-help related aspects circulate around the interplay between written materials and professional input, trust and support in the therapeutic relationship and its relation to the initial personal contact, as well as CBT principles. Telephone-related aspects entail perceived advantages and disadvantages of the telephone on an organisational and content level as well as a discourse around distance and closeness in the interaction. Although patients raised doubts regarding the long-term effect of the intervention on symptomatology, patients expressed satisfaction with the treatment and reported an immediate as well as a longer lasting personal impact of the treatment. These results indicate user acceptance with tel-CBT.

Conclusions

This qualitative analysis captures patients’ experiences with tel-CBT and the perceived helpfulness of the diverse treatment components. This can facilitate refining aspects of low-intensity treatments and might improve dissemination.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02667366. Registered on 3 December 2015.
Correction to: The population genetics of parasitic nematodes of wild animals
Authors: Cole Rebecca , Viney Mark
Published: October 2019

Unfortunately, the original version of this article [1] contains an error. In the section entitled “Influence of anthropogenic disruption on parasitic nematode population genetics”, the passage
Acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction due to delirium tremens: a case report
Authors: Mirande Maxwell D. , Kubac George , Nguyen Anh T.
Published: October 2019

Background

Delirium tremens is a severe form of alcohol withdrawal syndrome. Literature documenting acute coronary events in the setting of alcohol withdrawal remains scarce. An accepted hypothesis for the underlying process is focused on the hyperadrenergic state that leads to coronary vasospasm and increased myocardial oxygen demand.

Case presentation

A 47-year-old Caucasian man with a past medical history of tobacco and alcohol abuse, hypertension, and anxiety presented to the emergency department for crampy epigastric abdominal pain with intractable nausea and vomiting for the past 2 days. His reported last alcoholic intake was about 10 days prior; however, outpatient records indicated otherwise. He was admitted for electrolyte replacement and fluid resuscitation secondary to gastrointestinal losses from presumed early alcohol withdrawal syndrome. The following night, he developed acute substernal chest pain with elevated cardiac enzymes. Electrocardiography showed an acute inferoposterior infarct with reciprocal changes in leads V1–V4. The patient was taken for emergent catheterization, and a drug-eluting stent was placed in the middle of the left anterior descending artery. Postcatheterization electrocardiography showed sustained inferolateral ST elevations consistent with acute injury pattern. The patient had not required any benzodiazepines until this point. On the morning of catheterization, the patient’s Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment for Alcohol–Revised score was 19 with a high of 25, and he was actively hallucinating. He was treated for delirium tremens and an acute coronary event along with an incidental pneumonia. He did not require any benzodiazepines during the last 4 days of admission, and he made a full recovery.

Conclusions

The prevalence of alcohol dependence in hospitalized patients is substantial. Although our patient was being treated with the standard protocols for alcohol withdrawal, he rapidly developed delirium tremens, which led to an acute inferior ST-elevation myocardial infarction in the setting of nonoccluded coronary vessels. This case report adds to the sparse literature documenting acute coronary events in the setting of alcohol withdrawal and suggests that our patient’s ST-elevation myocardial infarction is not fully explained by the current coronary vasospasm hypothesis, but rather was in part the result of direct catecholamine-associated myocardial injury. Further research should be conducted on prophylactic agents such as β-blockers and calcium channel blockers.
NEOLITHIC POTTERY PRODUCTION IN SOUTHEAST THESSALY THROUGH THE APPLICATION OF PETROGRAPHY AND MINERALOGY
Authors: Pentedeka Areti , Koutsovitis Petros , Magganas Andreas , Rassios Annie
Published: October 2019

The present paper focuses on the raw materials used for the local manufacture of pottery at two Neolithic settlements (Magoula Visviki, Magoula Agrokipiou) in the Velestino region, SE Thessaly, an area characterized by a distinctive ophiolithic sequence and its sedimentary weathering products. The mineralogical composition and rock fragment constituents of pottery fabrics are compared with that of rock and sediment samples from the adjacent area, thus locating the ancient raw material sources that were exploited.
Additions and amendments to the list of Estonian bryophytes
Authors: Vellak Kai , Callejo Rut Caparrós , Ingerpuu Nele , Leis Mare , Ehrlich Loore , Kupper Tiiu
Published: October 2019

Five new moss species and one variety are incorporated to the Estonian bryoflora, one species should be eliminated due to recent taxonomical study. The number of bryophyte species has now risen to 602 for Estonia, thus the number of species has doubled since the first published list in 1860.
Red List of Estonian lichens: revision in 2019
Authors: Lõhmus Piret , Marmor Liis , Jüriado Inga , Suija Ave , Oja Ede , Degtjarenko Polina , Randlane Tiina
Published: October 2019

The second assessment of the threat status of Estonian lichens based on IUCN system was performed in 2019. The main basis for choosing the species to be currently assessed was the list of legally protected lichens and the list of species assigned to the Red List Categories RE–DD in 2008. Species that had been assessed as Least Concern (LC) in 2008 were not evaluated. Altogether, threat status of 229 lichen species was assessed, among them 181 were assigned to the threatened categories (CR, EN, VU), while no species were assigned to the LC category. Compared to the previous red list, category was deteriorated for 58% and remained the same for 32% of species. In Estonia, threatened lichens inhabit mainly forests (particularly dry boreal and nemoral deciduous stands), alvar grasslands, sand dunes and various saxicolous habitats. Therefore, the most frequent threat factors were forest cutting and overgrowing of alvars and dunes (main threat factor for 96 and 70 species, respectfully).

 

Eesti samblike punane nimestik 2019

2019. aastal viidi läbi teistkordne IUCN süsteemil põhinev Eesti samblike ohustatuse hindamine. Hinnati liike, mis on riiklikult kaitstud ning liike, mis 2008. aasta hindamise järgi olid Eestis kas regionaalselt välja surnud, kriitilises seisundis, väljasuremisohus, ohualtid, ohulähedased või puuduliku andmestikuga (kategooriad RE–DD). 2008. a-l kategooriasse Soodsas seisundis (LC) kuulunud liike ei kaasatud uude hindamisse. Kokku hinnati 229 samblikuliigi ohustatust, nendest 181 kuulusid ohustatud kategooriatesse (CR, EN või VU); ükski hinnatud liik ei sobinud kategooriasse LC. Võrreldes eelmise punase nimestikuga tõusis kategooria 58% liikidel ning jäi samaks 32%-l. Ohustatud samblikuliigid asustavad Eestis peamiselt metsi (eriti palu- ja salumetsi), loopealseid, liivikuid ning erinevaid kivi-kasvupindu. Seetõttu on sagedasemad ohutegurid metsaraie ning loodude ja liivikute kinnikasvamine (oluline tegur vastavalt 96 ja 70 liigile).
Limites e potencialidades do seguro frente os eventos climáticos extremos
Authors: Damacena Fernanda Dalla Libera
Published: October 2019

A natureza ou propósito do contrato de seguro tem como núcleo principal a transferência de risco. Excepcionalmente, algumas situações acabam excluídos desse portfólio. Os eventos extremos, decorrentes ou correlatos às mudanças climáticas são exemplos dessa exclusão. O presente artigo analisa os limites e potencialidade da relação entre o contrato de seguro e os efeitos adversos das mudanças climáticas. A pesquisa será norteada por uma postura construtivista voltada à gestão de riscos atuais e futuros. Como resultados da presente investigação destaca-se que para o seguro se tornar uma realidade mais abrangente no Brasil, uma série de barreiras precisam ser superadas. A primeira delas é equalizar dois requisitos: i) os prêmios devem refletir os riscos; mas ii) a premissa do valor dos prêmios não deve perder de vista questões como justiça e acessibilidade. Nesse contexto, o modelo parceria público-privada representa o que há de mais contemporâneo e contributivo para uma evolução positiva do círculo de gestão de risco de desastre. Exemplos de programas de seguro voltados a eventos climáticos extremos, desenvolvidos no âmbito do direito comparado, demonstram a viabilidade e compatibilidade dessa espécie de instrumento normativo e econômico como parte integrante de uma estrutura compensatória das vítimas de eventos extremos no sistema brasileiro.
DIREITO DE SUPERFÍCIE COMO INSTRUMENTO DE POLÍTICA URBANA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ANÁPOLIS (GO)
Authors: Ribeiro Idelmar Da Silva , Luz Janes Socorro da , Valva Milena D’ayala
Published: October 2019

O presente artigo tem o intuito de tecer considerações sobre a utilização do Direito de Superfície, além de verificar a sua aplicação no município em análise. Inicialmente fez-se uma discussão sobre o desenvolvimento das políticas urbanas no Brasil e o seu potencial de utilização na garantia da função social da propriedade. Para tanto, foram pesquisadas bibliografias disponíveis sobre o assunto que subsidiassem uma avaliação do uso do Direito de Superfície, no âmbito público e privado, bem como as vantagens que o uso adequado desse instrumento proporciona para proprietários e para os detentores desse Direito. Posteriormente, fez-se uma análise do uso desse instrumento na zona urbana do município de Anápolis (GO), por meio do estudo do seu Plano Diretor e outras legislações pertinentes, além de consultas a Procuradoria do município.  Ao final, percebe-se que apesar das recentes iniciativas de planejamento urbano no Brasil terem ganhado visibilidade, o arcabouço legal ainda é recente e pouco utilizado pela maioria dos municípios brasileiros, em especial, no que se refere ao uso do Direito de Superfície para a regularização fundiária urbana.
A MOBILIDADE URBANA SOLIDÁRIA NO ESTATUTO DA CIDADE E SUA CONCRETIZAÇÃO PELA VIA DA ECONOMIA COLABORATIVA
Authors: Peixoto Leonardo De Carvalho , Santiago Mariana Ribeiro
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo, valendo-se do método dialético e procedimentos histórico, comparativo, empírico e funcionalista, baseados em pesquisa bibliográfica e com referencial teórico na solidariedade, procurou demonstrar que o capitalismo atual desprovido de solidariedade e em desacordo com a sustentabilidade necessita de uma reflexão, em especial quanto ao tema mobilidade urbana que gera diversas discussões, pois a influência do capitalismo consumista aumenta o número de automóveis em circulação incidindo diretamente no tema mobilidade urbana. A mobilidade urbana solidária, com base na economia colaborativa, pode ser uma alternativa para a consecução da sustentabilidade e pode colaborar para minimizar o problema de mobilidade encontrado em diversas partes do Brasil e do mundo. Para que a solidariedade na mobilidade gere reflexos na sociedade deve se averiguar a sua compatibilização com os instrumentos legais existentes, portanto, procurou-se investigar se o Estatuto das Cidades seria compatível com a mobilidade urbana solidária para que fosse confirmada sua viabilidade no contexto da legislação pertinente. Assim, atendeu-se as expectativas de que uma mobilidade urbana solidária é parte de uma mobilidade urbana sustentável, onde todos os envolvidos, particulares, Estado, empresas e organizações não governamentais são os responsáveis para a sustentabilidade no campo da mobilidade urbana com base na solidariedade.
Contribuição sindical facultativa: Da análise da (in)constitucionalidade da cobrança compulsória
Authors: Kalb Christiane Heloisa
Published: October 2019

O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar em que medida o posicionamento recente do STF quanto à constitucionalidade da extinção da obrigação de cobrança compulsória da contribuição sindical encontra respaldo em leis estrangeiras. Temos como objetivos secundários sopesar a legislação criminal que tipifica algumas condutas no sentido da filiação sindical ou a não observância de normas trabalhistas, bem como, analisar as três modalidades de contribuições destinadas aos sindicatos. E por fim, debateremos sobre a decisão do STF em confronto (ou consonância) com outras decisões internacionais que discutem o mesmo tema. O método utilizado para tanto é de revisão bibliográfica. Por ora, o que se conclui é que a dispensa da obrigatoriedade de recolhimento da contribuição sindical é uma transformação praticamente natural dentro do direito trabalhista, se comparada com outras legislações internacionais, que apesar da dispensa continuam atentos aos direitos sociais dos trabalhadores.
A focus on mental health
Authors: Eales Sarah
Published: October 2019

Sarah Eales, Senior Lecturer, Mental Health Nursing, Department of Nursing Science, Bournemouth University, discusses the importance of making mental health central to nurse education
A global problem of epic proportions
Authors: Tingle John
Published: October 2019

John Tingle, Lecturer in Law, Birmingham Law School, University of Birmingham, discusses World Patient Safety Day, held on 17 September 2019, and some recent publications on national and global patient safety
A strategy to boost nurse recruitment
Authors: Foster Sam
Published: October 2019

Sam Foster, Chief Nurse, Oxford University Hospitals, discusses recruitment issues and how the concept of NHS organisations as ‘anchor institutions’ that contribute to the wellbeing of the local community may help
Intermittent catheterisation: challenges when children move to adult services
Authors: Holroyd Sharon
Published: October 2019

Sharon Holroyd, Lead Clinical Nurse Specialist, Calderdale and Huddersfield NHS Foundation Trust, outlines approaches to self-catheterisation for children and young people, sharon.holroyd2@cht.nhs.uk
The association between ethnic background and prostate cancer
Authors: McAllister Bría J
Published: October 2019

Prostate cancer is a complex disease which is more prevalent among men of black and minority ethnic (BME) background than their Caucasian counterparts, with men of African-Caribbean background experiencing higher levels of incidence and mortality than any other ethnic group. The reasons behind this health inequality are poorly understood and likely to be multifactorial. Several theories have been posited, including genetic disposition, poorer access to health care, a lack of understanding of the risks posed by prostate cancer and an unwillingness to access mainstream health care. There is, however, a notable disparity between the amount of literature focusing on prostate cancer as it affects those with a BME background and on prostate cancer in general. This further compounds the difficulties encountered by BME men, who rely on health professionals being aware of the greater risk they face. More knowledge and understanding is required by both the general population and medical practitioners to address this health inequality.
Isolation and Identification of Amylase-producing Bacteria from Soil in Nasinuan Community Forest, Maha Sarakham, Thailand
Authors: Luang-In Vijitra , Yotchaisarn Manatchanok , Saengha Worachot , Udomwong Piyachat , Deeseenthum Sirirat , Maneewan Kedsukon
Published: October 2019

This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria that can produce amylase enzyme from the unexplored Nasinuan Forest, Kantarawichai District, Mahasarakham Province, Thailand. Thirteen bacterial isolates with amylase-producing capacity on 1% starch agar were identified using 16S rRNA sequencing. Twelve bacteria were gram-positive, rod shaped and identified as Bacillus spp. and one bacterium with gram-negative and rod shaped character was Enterobacter cloacae. Their closest relatives were found in India, China, Korea, Indonesia, Argentina, Italy, Israel, USA, Argentina and South Africa. These bacteria were tested for specific amylase activity after 1-3 days enzyme induction with 1% starch at 37°C. The results showed the highest specific activity at day 2 incubation in the order: Bacillus cereus 3.5AL2 > 3.4AL1 > 1.4AL3 and thus 2-day enzyme induction was chosen for further analysis. Bacillus sp. 3.5AL2 was found to exhibit the highest specific amylase enzyme activity of 1.97 ± 0.41 U/mg protein at the optimal conditions of 60°C and pH 7.0 after 30 min incubation with 1% starch in 0.05 M PBS buffer. This amylase–producing bacterial strain offers great potential for applications in food and agricultural industries in Thailand.
Amplifikasi pasang surut dan dampaknya terhadap Perairan Probolinggo
Authors: Hasanudin Muhammad , Kusmanto Edi , Budisetyawan Wahyu
Published: October 2019

Tidal Amplification and Its Impact to Probolinggo Coastal Waters. Rob flood that frequently struck the coast of Probolinggo is an interesting phenomenon. Tidal flood, tidal flats, and sedimentation is strongly associated with the tides. Therefore, this study of tidal amplification and its estimated impacts on the coastal waters of Probolinggo was conducted. Tidal measurements were done with RBR TWR-2050 every 5 minutes for 30 days. Measurements of flow and depth were performed with the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) 1200 KHz along the trajectory of the boat. Measurements of turbidity with turbiditymeter mounted on a CTD SBE 19 Plus at 19 stations. The results showed that tidal range reached 3.00 m, much higher than in Java Sea. As a comparison, the tidal range of Tanjung Perak port in Surabaya was 1.76 m. Based on the value of Formzahl (0.85) and analysis of power spectra, Probolinggo waters were classified as mixed tide prevailing semidiurnal. There was indication of tidal amplification due to resonance of natural period of Madura Strait for 12.46 hours on M2 tidal constituent with a period of 12.42 hours that caused the tidal amplitude of Probolinggo waters reached 3 m. Impact of such amplification included the current direction which always leads to the coast, both at high and low tides that resulted in relatively high distribution of suspended sediment along the coast and around the port area. Intensive sedimentation caused the flatness and vast formation of tidal flats, up to 3 km from the coastline. Moreover, the phenomenon of tidal amplification impacted on the tidal inundation in the lower mainland when the tidal amplification occured simultaneously with the intense rain which caused the tidal flood in the coastal villages of Probolinggo.
Potensi Makroalga di Paparan Terumbu Karang Perairan Teluk Lampung
Authors: Handayani Tri
Published: October 2019

The Potency of Macroalgae in the Reef Flat of Lampung Bay. Lampung Bay is a strategic area that develops quite rapidly. This condition will put pressure on the coastal ecosystem as the estuary of all activities from surrounding areas. Macroalgae, which is one component of the coastal ecosystem, is also under pressure. Therefore, we need to know the species richness, potency, and macroalgae life characteristics in Lampung Bay waters. The study was conducted in March 2009, in eight locations, namely Piabung, Klagian, Pancur, Limbungan, Puhawang Barat, Puhawang Timur, Puhawang Kecil, and Kalangan. The macroalgae samples were collected by the quadratic transect method. The parameters observed were species, biomass, substrate, and macroalgae life form. A total of 27 macroalgae species were identified consisting of three divisions and 17 genera. Division Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta, and Rhodophyta each consisted of nine species. Nineteen species were macroalgae that have important economic values. The highest number of macroalgae species was found in Pancur, while the lowest was in Kalangan. The genera that dominated the study sites were Halimeda and Caulerpa. The highest average biomass was found in Pancur with 675.5 g/m2, whereas in Kalangan there was no macroalgae observed. The base substrate was dominated by sand. The condition of the base substrate affects the number of species and the nature of macroalgae life. In general, macroalgae resources in the waters of Lampung Bay are not potential to be developed, but Sargassum in Pancur has the potential to be developed as seeds.
Pengaruh Konsentrasi Nutrien Terhadap Kelimpahan Fitoplankton di Perairan Halmahera-Maluku
Authors: Meirinawati Hanny , Fitriya Nurul
Published: October 2019

Effects of Nutrients Concentration on Phytoplankton Abundance in The Halmahera-Molucca Sea. The availability of nutrients in the ocean is essential for the growth and accumulation of phytoplankton biomass. The input nutrients can then changes its ratio which may affect the species composition of phytoplankton communities and higher trophic level biotas. The effects of nutrients on phytoplankton abundance are very important to be studied due to its role as limiting factors for phytoplankton growth. Besides that, these two variables are most important factors in measuring aquatic productivity. This study aims to analyzed composition and abundance of phytoplankton and its relationship with dissolved inorganic nutrients in the Halmahera-Molucca Sea. This research was conducted in November 2015 covering 8 sampling station within the Halmahera-Molucca Sea. Water quality parameters, such as pH was measured using potentiometic method, dissolved oxygen (DO was measured using titrimetric method), and nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate and silicate, were measured using the colorimetric method. The water samples were taken using Rosette sampler and then filtered using hand net plankton with size 20 μm to obtain the phytoplankton. Plankton composition and abundance were then determined by microscopic analysis. The result showed that ammonium positively correlated with phytoplankton abundance (r=0.9133 at p<0.01). The correlation between nutrients and phytoplankton show that each genus has a preference for different nutrients. The presence of ammonium significantly increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus Chaetoceros, Nitzchia, Climacodium, Ceratium, Eucampia, Lauderia, Protoperidinium, and Rhizosolenia. On the other hand, phosphates increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus Coscinodiscus although not significantly. Besides, silicates increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus Thalassiothrix, Bacteriastrum, Skletonema, and Hemiaulus while nitrates increase the phytoplankton abundance from genus Alexandrium.
Serum adipokine concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes: the relationships with distribution, hypertrophy and vascularization of subcutaneous adipose tissue
Authors: Klimontov Vadim V. , Bulumbaeva Dinara M. , Bgatova Nataliya P. , Taskaeva Iuliia S. , Orlov Nikolay B. , Fazullina Olga N. , Soluyanov Michael Y. , Savchenko Sergey V. , Konenkov Vladimir I.
Published: October 2019

Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia 2Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, Russia
BACKGROUND: Adipose tissue (AT) dysfunction plays an important role in metabolic disorders in obesity and type 2 diabetes. The role of distribution, hypertrophy and vascularization of AT in adipokine secretion disturbances remain to be clarified.
AIMS: To determine the relationships between serum concentrations of adipokines and the mass and distribution of AT, diameter of adipocytes and vascularization of subcutaneous AT in patients with type 2 diabetes.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 125 patients were examined, including 82 subjects with obesity. Thirty persons without diabetes and obesity, matched by sex and age, were acted as control. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin in fasting serum were determined using multiplex analysis. Mass and distribution of AT was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Samples of SAT were obtained from umbilical region using a knife biopsy in 25 patients and in 15 individuals who died in accidents. Blood and lymphatic vessels in SAT were revealed with immunohistochemistry, using antibody to CD-34 and podoplanin respectively. The volume and numerical density, ultrastructure of blood and lymphatic vessels, and mean diameter of subcutaneous adipocytes were evaluated.
RESULTS: Patients with diabetes, as compared to control, had significantly higher levels of leptin, resistin, adipsin and visfatin (all p0.001). Adiponectin showed no differences. Concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin, adipsin and adiponectin correlated positively with gynoid fat mass. Additionally, leptin and adipsinshowed positive correlations with truncal and central abdominal fat mass. Concentration of leptin, but not other adipokines, was associated with hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes. A decrease in volumetric density of microvessels(р=0.01) and increase in volume and numerical density of lymphatic vessels (both р=0.02) was observed in subcutaneous AT from diabetic subjects. The swelling of cytoplasm, mitochondria, cisterns of granular endoplasmic reticulum and reduced content of micropinocytotic vesicles was revealed in lymphatic capillaries. Resistin and visfatin showed inverse associations with density of microvessels.
CONCLUSION: Endocrine dysfunction of AT in patients with type 2 diabetes, manifested by elevation of serum concentrations of leptin, resistin, visfatin and adipsin, is associated with mass and distribution of AT, hypertrophy of subcutaneous adipocytes and vascularization abnormalities of subcutaneous AT.
New signaling systems in hormonal regulation mechanisms
Authors: Pankov Yu. A.
Published: October 2019

In his research activities, Nikolai Alekseevich Yudaev paid great attention to the study of the mechanisms of the biological action of hormones. He extremely liked the postulate that hormones regulate gene expression. Great interest in this problem predetermined the choice of the topic of this lecture at scientific readings devoted to his memory. The proposed publication is devoted to the consideration of new data on intracellular signal transduction of a number of hormones, such as growth hormone (GH), prolactin, and other protein hormones exhibiting a similar mechanism of biological action. It is well known that GR and prolactin are pituitary hormones, but not everyone knows that they can also be secreted by other tissues and are directly related to the regulation of immune processes.
Apoptosis a role in the development of type 1 diabetes
Authors: Mokhort T. V. , Melnov S. B. , Goranov V. A.
Published: October 2019

In recent decades, the attention of biologists and doctors of various specialties has been attracted by the phenomenon of apoptosis a genetically programmed process of death and utilization of committed cells with the participation of biochemical reactions controlled by the whole organism [6 |. This process starts as a result of the interaction of the regulatory systems of the body and (or) direct contact with biologically active substances that directly or indirectly affect the functional state of the cells [2]. Obviously, apoptosis is of great importance for the processes that ensure the physiological renewal of tissues in the body, and for pathological processes, in particular autoimmune, accompanied by cell death. At present, there is sufficient reason to assert that insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) occurs as a result of the death of P-cells (CD) as a result of the cytotoxic effect of immunological agents and (or) certain chemicals [1] that proceeds with the participation of apoptosis.
The cytochrome r-450 system and diabetes
Authors: Kovalev I. E. , Rumyantseva E. I.
Published: October 2019

All living creatures from the microbe to humans are endowed with heme-containing enzymes belonging to the superfamily of cytochrome P-450. This superfamily, as has now been established, includes more than 300 isoforms capable of catalyzing at least 60 types of enzymatic reactions with hundreds of thousands of chemical structures [39]. This superfamily of cytochrome P-450 is evolutionarily very ancient and, according to available estimates, exists in wildlife for more than 3.5 billion years [39].
Determination of autoantibodies to pancreatic antigens in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and children from risk groups
Authors: Vartanyan N. L. , Sominina A. A. , Zarubaev V. V. , Stroykova A. S. , Ostretsova I. N. , Kiselev O. I.
Published: October 2019

Methodological aspects of immunofluorescent detection of autoantibodies to Langerhans' islet /З-cell antigens (ICA), a marker indicating early preclinical insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), have been modified and standardized. The distribution and levels of ICA were evaluated in patients with first diagnosed IDDM and their relatives (risk group) (total 298). In patients with newly diagnosed IDDM, ICA were detected in 83.3% cases. 15.4% clinically healthy siblings of IDDMpatients and 8.3% children one of whose parents was a diabetic were ICA-positive. About 16% children with non-IDDM carbohydrate metabolism disorders were ICA-positive. Hence, immunofluorescent detection of ICA helps detect this IDDM marker; the process is to be monitored in high-risk children and they should be prescribed therapeutic and prophylactic agents preventing the progress of diabetes.
Myocardial function in diabetics with type 1 condition
Authors: Dedov I. I. , Makolkin V. I. , Syrkin A. L. , Mel'nichenko G. A. , Alliluev I. G. , Vakhlyaev V. D. , Petrii V. V. , Churganova L. Yu. , Pecherskaya M. B. , Romanovskaya G. A. , Chazova T. E. , Solov'yan I. K. , Slashchuk I. Yu.
Published: October 2019

Myocardial contractility was examined in patients with type I diabetes mellitus without coronary disease by selective tolerance test with transesophageal heart stimulation using dopplercardiography. Nineteen diabetics aged 17 to 36 with the disease duration from 0 to 20 years were examined. Maximal ejection time before and after the test was assessed. The findings indicate impaired myocardial contractility in the examinees, though clinical signs of manifest circulation insufficiency were undetectable in all the patients. The authors come to a conclusion on the significance of diabetes duration and severity in development of myocardial injury.
Correction of pseudoresistance to sulfonylureas with amaryl
Authors: Dreval A. V. , Misnikova I. V.
Published: October 2019

Pseudoresistance to sulfonylurea drugs is caused by their chronic overdosage and the resultant hypoglycemic reactions leading to decompensation of diabetes. The efficiency of amaril was studied in patients with type 2 diabetes ineffectively treated by traditional sulfonylurea. Amaril therapy in this group of patients resulted in a decrease of glycated hemoglobin fraction A/c by 2.2% in 3 months. Side effects were rare. Hence, amaril can be regarded as a drug for correcting pseudoresistance to sugar-reducing sulfonylurea drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes, as it notably improves carbohydrate metabolism.
Lipid peroxidation and a-tocopherol in patients with diffuse toxic goiter
Authors: Tishenin R. S. , Filonenko T. A. , Dreval A. V. , Kamynina T. S.
Published: October 2019

Plasma and erythrocyte concentrations of lipid acyl hydroperoxides, malonic dialdehyde (MDA), and a-tocopherol were measured in 45patients with diffuse toxic goiter (DTG) before and after thyrostatic therapy and in 26 of these patients 3—6 months after subtotal resection of the thyroid in a state of euthyrosis. The initial link in lipid peroxidation (LPO) was activated in erythrocytes and plasma in hyperthyrosis, while toxic LPO product MDA accumulated only in the plasma. The level of one ofpotent antioxidants a-tocopherol was decreased at all stages of examination in erythrocytes, while in the plasma it was decreased only before therapy. Estimation of the Horvitt index and LPO-antioxidant defense conjugation index (a-tocopherol requirement, content, or insufficiency) in the plasma and erythrocytes showed decreased content of vitamin E in tissues of patients with DTG, which recommends antioxidant therapy to DTG patients.
Thyroid adenoma in a patient with Itsenko-Cushing's disease
Authors: Shilina S. Yu. , Shilin D. E. , Bronstein M. E. , Krivskaya L. K.
Published: October 2019

There are few observations in the literature that indicate an increased frequency of thyroid nodular pathology (thyroid gland) with total hypercorticism syndrome [3,6, 8-13, 15-17]. According to some reports, palpable formations and nodular changes in ultrasound of this organ are found in patients with Itsenko-Cushing's disease 2.5-3 times more often than in the population (10% versus 4% [14] and 60% versus 20% [7 ] respectively). Moreover, in clinically similar cases of the combination "thyroid gland + hypercorticism", the morphological nature of the pathology of the thyroid and pituitary-adrenal system is characterized by pronounced polymorphism.
Stefan Makarovich Pavlenko (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth)
Authors: Problem of Endocrinology Editorial Board
Published: October 2019

Stefan Makarovich Pavlenko (on the occasion of the 100th anniversary of his birth)
Epidemic outbreaks of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
Authors: Lebedev I. В. , Gubanov N. V. , Smirnov V. V. , Stroikova A. S. , Bulgakova G. R. , Korolyova N. P. , Dedov I. I.
Published: October 2019

Analysis of annual and seasonal incidence of insulindependent diabetes mellitus in children living in 4 Russian cities in the 1980ies has shown only four rises of annual morbidity in three cities, but only one of them recorded in 1983 in Moscow conformed to the criteria of an epidemic outbreak of the disease. The incidence of the disease predominated by 29 % in autumn-winter, though there was no clear-cut correlation between diabetes incidence, on the one hand, and incidence of influenza and acure respiratory diseases, on the other.
Hyperlipidemia: a factor contributing to diabetic nephropathy development and progress
Authors: Shestakova M. V. , Dedov I. I. , Neverov I. I. , Severghina E. S. , Dyuzheva T. G. , Ponomaryov A. B.
Published: October 2019

Twenty-nine patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus with similarly manifest renal involvement were examined to elucidate the role of dyslipidemia in diabetic nephropathy progress. Clinicolaboratory parameters (urinary albumin excretion, blood serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low, very low, and high density lipoprotein cholesterol) and morphologic changes in renal tissue biopsy specimens were analyzed. An increment of the number of large lipid incorporations was observed in various cells of renal glomeruli and interstitium, as well as a high prevalence of low density lipoprotein deposition in glomerular basal membranes and canaliculi as the renal process augmented in severity. Since lipids accumulating in glomerular structures may stimulate mesangial cell proliferation and mesangial matrix hyperproduction, the authors believe that dyslipidemia in diabetes mellitus may be conducive to a more rapid progress of renal disease.
Adenohypophyseal function in children aged under 1 born to mothers in whom pregnancy was induced
Authors: Afonin A. A. , Orlov V. I. , Knyazev Yu. A. , Rymanhevskaya E. P. , Polschikova L. A. , Shiring V. A.
Published: October 2019

A total of 143 children born to mothers who suffered from various forms of endocrine sterility and in whom pregnancy was induced were examined. The levels of somatotropic hormone, prolactin, luteotropic hormone, and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured in the blood on days 1, 3, 6 of life and at the age of 3, 6, and 12 months. The hormones were radioimmunoassayed and measured by imnmnofluorescent methods. The results indicate marked disorders of the adenohypophyseal function in these children, these disorders persisting through the first year of life. The most evident shifts of hormonal parameters are observed in children born to mothers with primary disorders of ovarian hormonal function, particularly so in cases with the polycystic ovaries syndrome, and in children with perinatal involvement of the central nervous system. A high correlation between adenohypophyseal and peripheral gland hormone levels and the concentration of somatotropic hormone was detected.