bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudo e Avaliação de Métodos de Autenticação EAP na Infraestrutura de Redes de Telecomunicação 5G
Authors: Oliveira Leonardo Azalim de , Silva Edelberto Franco
Published: February 2024

As redes móveis de quinta geração (5G) tiveram sua exploração comercial iniciada em 2019. Por conta do paradigma orientado a serviços do 5G, é possível utilizar o componente 5G Core Network (5GCN) para conectar dispositivos que fazem parte das chamadas redes não-3GPP (que incluem protocolos como o WiFi). A implementação desse tipo de comunicação requer protocolos específicos que proporcionem interconectividade, autenticação e confiabilidade. Com essas características em foco, é necessário que seja feita a escolha dos algoritmos de criptografia e métodos de autenticação que serão utilizados pelos User Equipments (UEs) não-3GPP ao se conectarem à infraestrutura de 5G. Este trabalho apresenta o estado atual da investigação do tópico em questão.
Monitoramento da Última Milha do eduroam com WiFiMon
Authors: J. Júnior Carlos A. de , Rocha Luciano F. da , Torres Rodrigo , Silva Edelberto F.
Published: February 2024

Redes WiFi são amplamente adotadas dentro e fora do ambiente acadêmico. A rede eduroam é um exemplo de sucesso do serviço de GID que auxilia neste ambiente de mobilidade. Porém, nem sempre o diagnóstico de falhas é simples. Assim, apresentamos a iniciativa de complemento para o monitoramento do serviço eduroam na última milha através da experiência com a ferramenta WiFiMon.
Uma proposta de adoção de autenticação baseada em Identidades Autossoberanas na RNP
Authors: Henriques Marco Aurélio Amaral
Published: February 2024

A federação CAFe tem prestado um grande serviço à comunidade de ensino e pesquisa brasileira, ao facilitar a autenticação federada de muitos usuários nos diversos serviços oferecidos tanto pela RNP como por outras instituições. Entretanto, existe um crescente movimento no sentido de dar aos usuários cada vez mais controle e autonomia sobre seus próprios dados e sobre o uso que é feito dos mesmos. Nesse contexto surgiu o conceito das identidades autossoberanas (SSI), no qual os usuários são os responsáveis pela guarda de seus dados e credenciais, liberando-os para provedores de serviço de uma forma mais transparente e controlada. Este trabalho busca discutir ideias para avaliar se e como o conceito de SSI poderia ser implementado gradualmente pela RNP de forma a permitir que usuários e instituições experimentassem essa nova forma de gestão de identidades e autenticação em paralelo com os sistemas atuais e com interferência mínima nos mesmos.
Perspective Chapter: Numerical Simulation to Study Alfvén Waves
Authors: Singh Jatav Bheem
Published: February 2024

This chapter presents the Alfvén waves self-interaction in approximately zero-β plasma (cold plasma), which is applicable to coronal heating. We consider thermal to magnetic pressure ratio β≈0 (cold plasma). When we consider magnetic field transverse perturbation in approximately zero-β plasma, the model dynamical equation of Alfvén wave self interaction turns out to be the modified Zakharov system equation. Numerical simulation has been carried out to study the effect of Alfvén wave self interaction and transverse perturbation, which results in the formation of magnetic field profile structures (coherent structures) and power spectrum for coronal heating and particle acceleration in space plasma. The investigated results reveals that the system of magnetic field profile structures reaches to quasi-steady state and the power spectral index approaches the k−5/3, which is consistent with Kolmogorov scaling.
Solar Power Prediction with Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Raafat Maamoun Shouman Enas
Published: February 2024

Solar power prediction is a critical aspect of optimizing renewable energy integration and ensuring efficient grid management. The chapter explore the application of artificial intelligence (AI) techniques for accurate solar power forecasting. The AI models considered include Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest, and Gradient Boosting. These models are selected based on their ability to capture complex patterns and non-linear relationships present in the solar energy data. The solar power forecasting process involves data preprocessing, feature selection, model training, and evaluation. Data preprocessing techniques are applied to handle missing values and normalize the data to improve model performance. Feature selection methods are utilized to identify the most relevant features that influence solar power generation. The AI models are trained using historical data, where they learn the relationships between input features and solar power generation. Model evaluation is carried out using metrics such as Mean Squared Error (MSE) and Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) to assess the accuracy of the forecasts. Furthermore, the forecasted results are visualized through line plots and error plots to provide valuable insights to stakeholders. A comprehensive report detailing the forecasting process, methodology, and results is generated, allowing decision-makers to make informed choices based on the forecasted solar energy data.
Modeling Based on Daily Data of PV Power Plants
Authors: Reza Reisi Ali
Published: February 2024

Modeling performance characteristics is essential for the design and optimal operation of solar power plants. However, due to the influence of various factors on the performance of solar panels and data changes over time, determining an exact relationship between output power and weather conditions is still challenging. In this chapter, a hybrid method based on genetic programming will be presented for accurate modeling of solar power plant characteristics, which includes two steps. First, three points of open-circuit voltage, maximum power point, and short-circuit current are modeled as functions of atmospheric conditions. For this purpose, by using the modeling process based on genetic programming, relationships with high fit will be obtained for these three points in terms of cell temperature and radiation. Then, with the help of these equations, the voltage–current characteristics are modeled based on the circuit analysis methods and without the need for factory data. To evaluate the modeling for a 3 kW solar power plant, and based on the results, the effectiveness of the proposed method will be shown.
Hybrid surgical technique in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Ashraf Mujeeb , Al Harbi Hatim
Published: February 2024

Hybrid surgical technique for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) combines the gap balancing and measured resection techniques to achieve a well-balanced knee both anatomically and kinematically. It preserves bone, respects the soft tissue and provides better patellofemoral alignment. The techniques work with the same instrumentation as required for measured resection hence do not add to inventory. In addition, the technique imparts a better understanding of the intricacies of the knee alignment and the role of ligaments to the trainees and surgeons at the beginning of careers. These techniques help surgeons to manage complex cases with attenuated ligaments or moderate bone loss. This understanding of bony alignment principles and ligaments helps easy transition and understanding towards the application of navigational or robotic surgical dictum.
Perspective chapter: Optoelectronics for neural interfaces
Authors: Gautam Abhivyakti
Published: February 2024

Optoelectronics for neural interfaces is a growing field developing light-based methods for recording and stimulating neural activity. It has the potential to revolutionize the treatment of neurological disorders. The chapter will delve into optoelectronics’ basic principles, its applications, and various devices such as implantable optical fibers, microelectrode arrays, and integration with flexible materials. The chapter will highlight the challenges and opportunities facing the field, such as developing small, flexible, and biocompatible devices, controlling light delivery, understanding optogenetic stimulation effects and their scalable integration to achieve high spatiotemporal precision and low invasiveness. Despite challenges, optoelectronics for neural interfaces is a promising approach that could open up new avenues to restore vision to the blind, control prosthetic limbs, and treat diseases like epilepsy.
Novel Approach for Turbulent Flow- and Onset Analysis
Authors: K. Gustavsson Mattias
Published: February 2024

It is a well-known fact that the matching of experimental data to turbulence models have hitherto not been successful. An example of this is the inability to theoretically predict the Re number at which turbulence onset (transition) occurs. In this paper, some advantages of adopting a “far-from-equilibrium” irreversible process analysis are demonstrated: To illustrate, one may at a single geometric point near a solid wall, compute conditions for mass conservation, 1st, and 2nd laws of thermodynamics – assuming either Newton’s viscosity law- or an alternative far-from-equilibrium fundamental model to be valid. While these conditions generally differ for various flows, it is observed that these conditions numerically match each other at ReD around 2300 for a fully developed pipe flow, or at Rex between 5 × 105 to 3 × 106 in a developing flat-plate boundary layer flow. This suggests that turbulence onset can be correctly predicted using the novel approach. Criteria and recommendations for experimental flow measurements, i.e. testing conditions, within a proposed far-from-equilibrium zone (e.g. viscous sublayer) is discussed as well.
Recent Advances in Syntheses and Antibacterial Activity of Novel Furan Derivatives
Authors: Pal Pinki
Published: February 2024

Microbial resistance has turned into a global issue due to the ineffectiveness of currently available antimicrobial medicines. In the realm of medicinal chemistry, furan derivatives have taken on a special position. An essential synthetic technique in the search for new drugs is the inclusion of the furan nucleus. Due to the remarkable therapeutic efficacy of furan-related medicines, medicinal chemists have been inspired to create numerous innovative antibacterial agents. Due to the numerous methods by which furans derivatives can be made as well as their numerous structural reactions, the field of organic chemistry and medicinal chemistry offers a wide range of prospects. To combat the enduring issue of microbial resistance, the crucial facts presented in this chapter may aid in the creation of more effective and secure antimicrobial agents.
Power Quality Improvement in Distribution System
Authors: Kanchanapalli Bhavya , Banka Sujatha
Published: February 2024

Without electricity, our society would not function in this advanced period. Power supplies of high quality and dependability improve the amount of power that can be transported and distributed. One of the key factors in the power system is power quality. It has grown in significance, especially with the advent of cutting-edge technology. The quality of the power source affects these modern gadgets more strongly. Voltage, current, and frequency at the rated value are referred to as power quality. Any deviation from the usual rating in these amounts is seen as a sign of a power quality issue. It is preferred to employ specialized power devices at the distribution side to get around these power quality issues. DVR and D-STATCOM are chosen among other custom power devices for usage in boosting power quality. The D-STATCOM and DVR are compared in this article using MATLAB software.
Current Production Scenario and Functional Potential of the Whole Amaranth Plant: A Review
Authors: Peña Nataly , Minguez Sergio , Escobar Juan-David
Published: February 2024

Amaranth grain is a pseudocereal that has been widely studied, standing out as a gluten-free seed and plant-based protein source. Amaranth seeds have been associated with functional properties and attractive medical benefits. Besides the seeds themselves, various other parts of the plant possess significant nutritional and functional value. Thus, on one hand, this chapter summarizes an overview of amaranth seeds, leaves, and flowers. Apart from this, recent research and studies have reported on amaranth’s composition, its uses, and potential benefits for human health. This chapter also offers insight into the global socioeconomic scenario of farmers and producers. Possible strategies that include biotechnology, ingredient innovation, and ethical biotrade have been proposed here. These three fronts, acting synergistically, would exploit the considerable diversity of these species and promote programs to improve the value chain and, therefore, the life quality of their communities.
Drug Metabolism: Phase I and Phase II Metabolic Pathways
Authors: ul Amin Mohsin Noor , Farrukh Maryam , Shahzadi Saba , Irfan Muhammad
Published: February 2024

Drug metabolism comprises the metabolism of endogenous and exogenous substances. During metabolism most drugs lose the pharmacological activity and are excreted from the body. Drug metabolic reactions are divided into two classes i.e. phase I and phase II metabolic reactions. The characterisation of drug metabolising enzyme is necessary in order to determine the toxic metabolites of drugs. The understanding of drug metabolism is essential for new drug design and development. The evaluation of pharmacokinetic properties is necessary to see whether they can be useful drug candidates. In this chapter we have discussed drug metabolic reaction and drug metabolising enzymes with the help of examples of drug molecules.
The Endophytes: A New Resource for Vulnerable Plant Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Fazeli Mostafa
Published: February 2024

Plant-associated microorganisms that live symbiotically in the plant body without causing disease symptoms are called endophytic microorganisms. Endophytes, including bacteria and fungi, can enhance the growth of the host plant and increase its resistance to pests, phytopathogens, and environmental stresses. In addition, endophytes can regulate the synthesis of plant secondary metabolites. Endophytes are a new reservoir for the discovery and production of valuable active substances. Some endophytic secondary metabolites are the same as host plants, such as paclitaxel. This finding has increased the importance of endophytes because the production of effective substances on an industrial scale in microorganisms is easier than in plants and has lower environmental costs. Therefore, endophytes need more attention in the pharmaceutical industry.
Re-Examining Transitions to Adulthood among Young People Engaged in Informal Businesses in the City of Accra, Ghana
Authors: Lawrence Afutu-Kotey Robert , Yeboah-Mensah Maxwell
Published: February 2024

Using a longitudinal qualitative methodological approach, the study observed the life course and businesses of young people in the city of Accra over the period 2010 to 2023. The study explores the extent to which business engagement in the informal economy among young people contributes to their transitions into adulthood, and the sustainability of these transition gains. Initial observations demonstrated that, many of the young people were able to achieve transition gains, such as, financial independence, afford rental accommodation, provision of support for family and external relations while some were able to enter into marital and cohabiting relationships. However, the sustainability of these transition gains were challenged over time by factors such as poor business performance, difficult economic conditions and the COVID-19 pandemic. The study concludes by calling for financial and advisory support to reinvigorate the businesses and sustain the transitions achieved in the life course of the young people.
The Combined Search of the Different Kind of Solutions to the Optimization Problems of Antenna Synthesis Theory
Authors: Andriychuk Mykhaylo
Published: February 2024

The restriction on the optimized function in the problem of the antenna synthesis leads to the characteristic form of the nonlinear integral equations, which are equivalent to the respective functionals of synthesis problem. The kind of the reduced equation depends on the operator, which is used for the calculation of antenna’s directivity pattern (DP). The two types of restrictions are considered, the first one is that the amplitude of the objective function is prescribed. The second one is that the restrictions on the phase of the objective function are imposed. The problem is actual because it deals with the analytical investigation of integral Hammerstein equations of a new type, on the one hand, and gives a possibility to get new types of solutions to above equations that can be applied at the modelling of antennas of the different appointment, on the other hand. The peculiarity of such equations is the non-uniqueness of their solutions. The accuracy of analytical approach is supported by the numerical data. The method of successive approximations is much effective for solving the reduced equations. The advantage of the approach proposed is a fast convergence of iterative procedures, which are applied for solving the obtained equations.
Diagnostic Values of Blood Indices for Neonatal Sepsis
Authors: Saeedi Maryam , Mirnia Kayvan , Ghassemzadeh Maral , Sangsari Razieh , Hoseini Yasaman
Published: February 2024

Background: Sepsis is the leading cause of death in newborns, particularly in underdeveloped countries. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are critical in reducing neonatal mortality. Since blood culture results are often unavailable for 48 - 72 hours, other hematologic findings may provide useful information for early diagnosis. Objectives: We examined the relationship between neonatal sepsis and blood indices in order to achieve early diagnosis. Methods: In this hospital-based retrospective multiple-event case-control study, we allocated the neonates into three groups: Culture-positive sepsis, culture-negative sepsis, and neonates without sepsis. We compared the lab data within these three groups. Results: The study included 319 neonates: 209 cases of culture-positive sepsis, 65 cases of culture-negative sepsis, and 45 cases without neonatal sepsis. Pearson's test demonstrated a significant correlation between thrombocytopenia, positive C-reactive protein (CRP), and high cell distribution width with culture-positive sepsis (P = 0.000), indicating a statistical difference between the three groups. The mean CRP and eosinophil levels were higher in the culture-positive group with fungal sepsis. Conclusions: In septic neonates with high CRP levels, particularly in conjunction with eosinophilia, fungal coverage should be considered.
Literatura, román a tvorba nových generací : několik "vnějších" a "vnitřních" úvah
Authors: Pospíšil Ivo
Published: February 2024

Přítomná stať sleduje na několika příkladech tvorbu nových literárních generací české a ruské literatury, protomileniálů a mileniálů starších a mladších (generace x, y, z a alfa, snow flake generation). Jde souběžně o několik aspektů: o generační pohled, o pohled na různé proudy literatury, jak je na české a anglické ukazoval kdysi René Wellek, o pohled žánrový, resp. genologický, zejména týkající se románu jako nejčtenějšího, dominantního a stabilního útvaru, a také o charakter směrový a komparativní. Směry a žánry mají v české a ruské literatuře odlišný, ale i podobný vývoj a působí svou tradicí na tvorbu mileniálů, zejména relativně stabilní strukturu románu.
Ruská lesbická literatura počátku 21. století
Authors: Sommer Jaroslav
Published: February 2024

Margarita Melkina, Lida Jusupova a další spisovatelky soustředící se ve své tvorbě na zachycení lesbické zkušenosti publikovaly své texty v několika výborech povídek (Лесбийская проза, Liberty-лайф apod.), ale i v samostatně publikovaných textech především na konci prvního desetiletí 21. století. Tato generace spisovatelek v nich přináší svůj pohled na místo homosexuální literární postavy v kontextu současné ruské literatury. Plnohodnotně se však lesbické hrdinky stávají součástí "seriózní" literatury až v posledních letech. Studie popisuje formování ruské lesbické literatury a možnosti publikování textů s lesbickými motivy s důrazem na poslední dvě desetiletí. Pozornost je primárně věnována především podmínkám, v nichž se lesbická literatura v Rusku vyvíjela, a nastínění současné situace.
J. A. Komenský a irénismus
Authors: Hashemi Michaela
Published: February 2024

Zjištění, že myšlenka irénismu je celoživotním Komenského tématem, je již dostatečně známá. V našem příspěvku ji deskribujeme především na základě výběru ze tří edic (Apoštol míru J. A. Komenský, 1949; J. A. Komenský, O sobě, 1989, a Cesta světla, 2009) a doplňujeme vzhledem k tématu další konkretizace. Jmenovitě zmiňujeme zvláště Komenského díla Angelus Pacis, Via Lucis (a Consultacionis brevissima delineatio jako základ textu Via lucis). Větší pozornost věnujeme zejména spisu Gentis Felicitas, jehož myšlenky pokládáme ve srovnání s předchozími uvedenými Komenského texty za více aktuální. Dále se v souvislosti s Komenského dílem Unum Necessarium zabýváme citacemi z proroka Eliáše mírovou myšlenku zvýrazňujícími
Mikuláš Bakoš ako univerzitný pedagóg
Authors: Teplan Dušan
Published: February 2024

Mikuláš Bakoš (1914-1972) sa zaraďuje medzi kľúčové osobnosti slovenskej literárnej vedy 20. storočia. Z jeho kariéry bola doposiaľ najmenej zmapovaná pedagogická činnosť na Filozofickej fakulte Univerzity Komenského v Bratislave. Cieľom tejto štúdie je ozrejmiť, ako sa jeho pôsobenie v úlohe pedagóga vyvíjalo a aké okolnosti na to vplývali. Súčasť príspevku tvorí bližšia charakteristika Bakošových prednášok a tematických plánov, ktoré vypracoval pre potreby seminárnych cvičení. Spolu s tým je venovaná pozornosť aj spomienkam jeho bývalých študentov. Príspevok si kladie za cieľ vyplniť jedno z bielych miest v poznávaní Bakošovej osobnosti.
EFEKTIVITAS HUKUM DALAM TINDAKAN OTOPSI TERHADAP KORBAN TINDAK PIDANA PEMBUNUHAN PADA TINGKAT PENYIDIKAN
Authors: Kristina Boleng Theodora
Published: February 2024

Jurnal ini menggali ilmu kedokteran forensik dengan penekanan khusus pada bedah forensik sebagai elemen kunci dalam penelitian. Bedah forensik adalah suatu metode pemeriksaan yang mendetail terhadap tubuh jenazah untuk mengungkap sebab kematian dan memberikan bukti hukum. Pada dasarnya, otopsi atau bedah mayat melibatkan penyidikan medis untuk memeriksa sebab kematian. Dalam konteks ilmu kedokteran forensik, bedah forensik adalah langkah krusial dalam menentukan apakah suatu kematian dapat dikategorikan sebagai wajar atau tidak wajar. Dokter forensic melakukan pemeriksaan menyeluruh terhadap tubuh, membuka rongga-rongga untuk memeriksa organ-organ internal, mengambil sampel untuk analisis, dan merekonstruksi keadaan jenazah. Hasil dari bedah forensik memiliki peran vital dalam mendukung penyidikan dan memastikan keadilan. Penelitian ini akan menguraikan prosedur dan signifikansi bedah forensik, menyoroti peran pentingnya dalam mengungkap misteri di balik kematian dan memberikan pemahaman lebih mendalam tentang kontribusi ilmu kedokteran forensik dalam konteks hukum dan keadilan.
Integrating museum collections and molecules reveals genus-level synonymy and new species in red devil spiders (Araneae, Dysderidae) from the Middle East and Central Asia
Authors: Bellvert Adrià , Dimitrov Dragomir , Zamani Alireza , Arnedo Miquel A.
Published: February 2024

This paper reviews little-known species of the dysderid spider genera Dysdera Latreille, 1804, and Dysderella Dunin, 1992 based on specimens collected in the Caucasus, Middle East, and Central Asia. After combining molecular phylogeny of five mitochondrial and three nuclear genes with morphological evidence, Dysderella is proposed as a junior synonym of Dysdera. In addition, three species are described as new to science: D. jaegeri Bellvert & Dimitrov sp. nov., D. naouelae Bellvert & Dimitrov sp. nov., and D. kourosh Bellvert, Zamani & Dimitrov sp. nov. Four combinations are proposed: Dysdera caspica Dunin, 1990 comb. rev., Dysdera transcaspica Dunin & Fet, 1985 comb. rev., Dysdera elburzica (Zamani, Marusik & Szűts, 2023) comb. nov. and Dysdera sancticedri (Brignoli, 1978) comb. nov. (ex. Dasumia Thorell, 1875). Furthermore, we report a first record of D. festai Caporiacco, 1929 in Turkey and its male cheliceral polymorphism. Our results illustrate the deficiencies that undermine the current taxonomy of this genus. For example, many species are described based on only one or few specimens or limited locality data. The advancements in DNA sequencing technologies applied to museum specimens reduce the need for fieldwork collection and export of fresh specimens. This highlights the significance of museum collections for improving research in this field.
How to maximize dental attendance among older patients
Authors: Marchini Leonardo , Ettinger Ronald
Published: February 2024

LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the conclusion of this paper, readers should be able to

1. Describe the reasons why older adult patients who have been regular attendants may stop responding to recall appointments; 2. Discuss the social and systemic health circumstances related to the potential success of different approaches that can be used to contact missing patients and return them to regular follow-up care; 3. Develop a plan that may be useful in returning older adult patients to dental care.
Study of Hadith Literature in Bangladesh: An Analytical Study
Authors: Mohammed Solimuddin Salim
Published: February 2024

This research aims to discover the history of the study of the Prophet’s Hadith in Bangladesh, the most important educational centers for Hadith science, and their curricula. The research used inductive approach in collecting information related to the research, descriptive approach in presenting information, and comparative approach in presenting specialized materials for Hadith departments in Islamic universities. The research achieved the desired results by collecting information related to the entry of Islam into this region, and studying the Prophet’s hadith in it along with studying other Islamic sciences. It was also found that the centers for studying hadith are divided into two main parts: one of them - Islamic schools, whether they are high schools supported by the government, or privately supported with donations from the Muslim public, and secondly - the departments of Hadith and Islamic Studies under the faculty of Islamic studies in three Islamic universities of Bangladesh, whether these are government or private universities. Finally, the research tries to compare between the curricula of Hadith studies in those universities.
Is Social Media Here to Stay?: Survey Results Indicate Increasing Pathologist Interest and Engagement Over Time
Authors: Gonzalez Raul S. , McKinnon Elizabeth L. , Fuller Maren Y. , Gardner Jerad M. , Chen Wei , Jiang Xiaoyin “Sara”
Published: February 2024

Context.—

Social media has become widely adopted by pathologists and other physicians for professional purposes. While engagement has likely increased over time, there remain few concrete data regarding attitudes toward its use.

Objective.—

To assess pathologists’ use of and attitudes toward social media over time.

Design.—

We created a survey regarding personal and professional use of social media and circulated it via multiple channels in December 2017 and again in February 2022. Results of the 2 surveys were compared for statistically significant differences.

Results.—

The 2017 survey was completed by 97 participants, and the 2022 survey by 305 participants. Respondents were predominantly female and academics, included pathologists in all age categories and all time-in-practice length. In both surveys, Twitter (now X) was the most popular platform for professional use and Facebook was the most popular for personal use. Professional barriers to social media use remained consistent between the 2 surveys, including the amount of time required. Education was seen as the main benefit of social media use in both surveys, while other benefits such as networking and increasing professional visibility were endorsed significantly less often in the second survey. While the second survey received more than 3 times as many responses as the first, several aspects of social media use (mainly demographics) remained similar during the timeframe, while other aspects (such as usage and perceived values) decreased.

Conclusions.—

Pathologists continue to find social media valuable. Barriers remain, though overall pathologists of all ages and practice settings appear receptive to using social media to further educational and other opportunities.
Принципи и ценности на Европейския съюз в областта на изкуствения интелект
Authors: Filatova Rositsa
Published: February 2024

It is crucial to promote the development and use of artificial intelligence in Europe by increasing investment, promoting excellence in AI-related technologies and strengthening cooperation in research and innovation. Artificial intelligence is rapidly entering our lives, covering an ever wider range of social relations. Given its importance and applicability, the deployment and use of artificial intelligence systems needs to be strictly regulated.
REGIONAL RAILWAY TRANSPORT SYSTEM OF THE TRANSCAUCASIA: PASSENGER DIRECTION OF WORK
Authors:   Saint Petersburg State University, Stupin Yurii A.
Published: February 2024

The aim of the article is to characterize the peculiarities of passenger transportation with­in the regional railway transport system of the Transaucasus. The research relies on the sta­tistics of railway passenger transport and published schedules on the railway networks of the countries in the region. It is demonstrated that in the post-Soviet period, passenger rail transport has declined, and its potential is underutilized: the volume of transportation is min­imal, the movement intensity is low, and on a significant portion of the network, passenger transport has been completely discontinued. One notable exception in recent years is the Baku agglomeration. The decline can be attributed to the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the sub­sequent fragmentation of the region's railway network, competition from air and road transport, as well as the specific transport policies in the countries of the region. The im­provement of the situation is associated with the potential expansion of domestic railway communication as the population's income grows and as a result of changes in transport poli­cy.
Certification Corner
Authors: ANVC Team
Published: February 2024

Questions/ Answers
Priority-2030: the New Excellence Initiative from Russia
Authors: Kochetkov Dmitry
Published: February 2024

Since the mid-1990s, excellence initiatives in higher education have become part of the world's political discourse. Many governments have spent billions of euros in an effort to transform national higher education systems and achieve the so-called "world class". The effectiveness of these programs is a subject of scientific and policy debate now.
The Role of University Rankings in Research Evaluation Revisited
Authors: Kochetkov Dmitry
Published: February 2024

Since their inception in 2003, global university rankings have gained increasing prominence within the higher education landscape. Originally designed as marketing and benchmarking tools, the rankings have transformed into influential instruments for research evaluation and policymaking.
Make maps of research interactive, detailed and open!
Authors: Sjögårde Peter
Published: February 2024

Bibliometric maps have been created for decades to provide overview of research and to make it possible for researchers to study different aspects of the research landscape, such as collaboration patterns, structure of research fields and citation relations. Several tools have been created that make it easy to create maps from bibliographic records imported from different data sources. Using these tools, maps can be created without any coding.
Happy Holidays!
Authors: team Blog
Published: February 2024

The year is almost over. 2022 was not just another year for the Leiden Madtrics blog, but came with quite a variety of blog posts. We (the blog team) had a lot of fun editing all of them and are proud of our authors. They did an amazing job.  At the same time, this year diversified our social media presence: Leiden Madtrics, along with CWTS, can now be found on Mastodon as well, while the institute also launched its own Mastodon instance.
Introducing the CWTS ECR/PhD Council
Authors: Kochetkov Dmitry , Xie Qianqian
Published: February 2024

CWTS is an interdisciplinary institute at Leiden University with a diverse multinational academic culture. PhD candidates, early career researchers, and visiting scholars from around the world gather at CWTS to pursue their research journeys. The journey can be an inspiring yet challenging experience.
Bibliometrics in press or the representation of indicators in the Italian news
Authors: Petrovich Eugenio
Published: February 2024

In spring 2020, Italy, like other countries in Europe and around the world, was in the midst of the first wave of the Covid-19 pandemic. Lockdown measures were in place in the entire country in the attempt to limit the spread of the virus.
Navigating Responsible Research Assessment Guidelines
Authors: Gauffriau Marianne
Published: February 2024

Research assessment has a long history continuously introducing new methods, tools, and agendas, for example, peer review of publications dating back to 17

th

century and catalogues from the 19

th

century that facilitated publication counting. This blog post discusses Responsible Research Assessment (RRA), an agenda gaining attention today.
La evaluación de la ciencia, la crisis del sistema internacional de revistas científicas y propuestas de políticas
Authors: Barsky Osvaldo
Published: February 2024

El 16 de diciembre de 2012 en el contexto de la Reunión Anual de la Sociedad Americana de Biología Celular (BCSV) de los Estados Unidos se realizó una reunión de directores y editores de importantes revistas académicas. La misma emitió la “Declaración de San Francisco de Evaluación de la Investigación”. Allí se señaló que hay una necesidad apremiante de mejorar la forma en que los resultados de la investigación científica son evaluados por las agencias de financiación, instituciones académicas y otras.
Gender Violence And Academic Performance: In An Educational Institution Of The Secondary Level
Authors: Moisés Chuquimango Chilón , Enzo Renatto Bazualdo Fiorini
Published: February 2024

In this research work, a theoretical bibliography review has been carried out, the main theme was gender violence and the academic performance of adolescents, thus giving rise to diverse results from different points of view. We respond in this way by providing information regarding the objectives of: analyzing bibliographic documents on gender violence and the academic performance of Adolescent Students; As specific objectives we have: Analyze the documentation of sociocultural gender violence and the academic performance of Adolescent Students; Analyze documentation of intrafamily gender violence and the academic performance of Adolescent Students and c) Analyze documentation of intimate partner violence and the academic performance of Students. A review of 50 scientific research articles from the last five years acquired from different databases has been made. These data that have been obtained affirm that poor academic performance depends largely on gender-based violence.
MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS IN THE CONTEXT OF MULTIPLE OBSTETRIC COMORBIDITIES - A CASE REPORT
Authors: Koigi Paul , Anzeze Angela , Koigi Kamau Reuben , Koigi Mary Kiria , Patel Atul
Published: February 2024

Background: Obstetric comorbidities significantly increase the risk of adverse obstetric outcomesbecause of their association with complications that can occur suddenly and escalate rapidly.Case presentation: A morbidly obese 26-year-old primigravida initially presented with first-trimesterbleeding. She consistently declined monitoring and was not adherent to the multidisciplinary treatmentplans despite serial counseling. This state persisted even when she was diagnosed with gestationaldiabetes mellitus and preeclampsia. She incurred gross fetal macrosomia and was admitted at term forinduction of labor. By the third prostaglandin, there was overt fetal tachycardia that necessitated anemergency cesarean delivery. Failed spinal anesthesia necessitated generalization. Access wasimpeded by a massive panniculus, necessitating tape retraction to reveal the surgical site. A distressedapneic baby was delivered, after which she developed an atonic uterus that necessitated uterine bracesuturing and intramyometrial PGF2α. The baby underwent therapeutic hypothermia. Postoperatively, shewas monitored and underwent repeated counseling.Discussion: This patient was noncompliant to medication and monitoring, she had multiple interactingcomorbidities, and she ended up having an avoidable multiple near-miss. There is a need to develop anobstetric comorbidity scoring index and validate it locally.Conclusion: If guided by a logical algorithmic sequence of guided responses, the development andapplication of a local risk and comorbidity scoring index may substantively reduce the risk of adverseobstetric outcomes. This is vital if sustainable development goals are to be realized.
Early preterm abdominal pregnancy: A case report
Authors: Nyongesa Reuben , Otadoh Caren , Gwer Stephen
Published: February 2024

Background: Abdominal pregnancies, a rare form of ectopic pregnancy, pose significant risks to themother and fetus. The severity of complications depends on the gestational age at presentation,abdominal pregnancy location, and attachment to abdominal organs.Case presentation: A 38-year-old, para 3+0 gravida 4 presented with abdominal pain and moderatepallor at 30 weeks gestational age, extrapolated from obstetric ultrasound due to an unknown last normalmenstrual period. She was HIV-positive and on highly active antiretroviral therapy. She had a history oforal contraceptive use before conception. Ultrasound revealed a viable intraabdominal pregnancy at 30weeks with the placenta attached to the mesentery in the right upper quadrant with a nongravid uterus.She was transfused with four units of packed red blood cells before elective laparotomy. Intraoperatively,the gestational sac in the upper quadrants and membranes were ruptured. A live male infant wasdelivered, weighing 990g, Apgar scores of 8 at 1 and 9 at 5. The placenta, which was attached to the leftfallopian tube and the broad ligament was extracted. The infant was admitted to the newborn unitbecause of prematurity. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the mother and baby were doingwell at the writing of this abstract.Conclusion: Early preterm abdominal pregnancy should be managed by elective laparotomy to optimizeoutcomes for both the mother and fetus. Cases with limited attachment to the viscera tend to havefavorable outcomes. Neonatal outcome primarily depends on gestational age at delivery.
Factors influencing access to and utilization of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health services in Isiolo County, Kenya
Authors: Polycarp Oyoo  , Michael Waithaka  , Assumpta Matekwa  , Jane Kageha  , Jane Wausi  , Arthur Mboya  , Njeri Nyamu
Published: February 2024

Background: Although there has been momentum in implementing sexual and reproductive health (SRH) services in most countries, young people typically remain underserved by these services despite their demonstrated need. This study aimed to determine the factors influencing access to and utilization of youth-friendly sexual and reproductive health (AYSRH) services in Isiolo County. This study was conducted under the Jhpiego-supported Accelerating Post pregnancy Family Planning Integration into Primary Healthcare (APIP) project that supports Isiolo.

Methods: Mixed-methods qualitative and quantitative approach​ was used. Data were collected using the KOBO digital tool. and analysis was performed using NVivo and Stata for qualitative and quantitative data, respectively.

Results: The baseline study found that 69% of the APIP-supported facilities offered YFSRHS, with 77% of the facilities conveniently located for ease of access by the youths. 69% of the facilities had AYSRH signages displayed outside the buildings, with 31% displaying the signages inside the building. 31% of the facilities had separate counseling and examination rooms to ensure privacy for the youths as they sought services. 54% of the facilities involved the youth in decision-making during the provision of the YFSRHS. The study also found that 31% of the facilities involved their communities and made them aware of the YFHS provided at the hospitals. 

Conclusion: Interventions focusing on implementing YFSRHS should aim at addressing challenges affecting quality services in health facilities to offer them according to the youth’s needs.
Absolute Truths and Absolutist Control
Authors: Kalra Kartik
Published: February 2024

Last week, the Bombay High Court delivered its judgment in Kunal Kamra v. Union of India, comprising a split verdict on the constitutional validity of the Information Technology Rules, 2023. The rules install an institutional regime for determining – and warranting takedown by social media intermediaries – of content relating to the Central Government deemed “fake, false or misleading”. This regime was challenged on three main grounds – first, its violation of citizens’ free expression due to “fake, false, or misleading” speech being constitutionally protected; second, the pedestalization of state-related information, such that it enters public discourse with a single, truthful formulation, as being an illegitimate and disproportionate measure; and third, the violation of natural justice in enabling the state to determine truth and falsity concerning itself.
Estudiantes de medicina y su rendimiento académico en las universidades Ecuatorianas
Authors: Espinales Párraga Karen Andrea , Chamba Cuadros José Erasmo , Granizo Villacrés William Gerardo
Published: February 2024

El presente artículo es una revisión bibliográfica dirigida a la educación superior en la Carrera de Medicina, que abarcó 23 universidades del Ecuador que cuentan con esta carrera. En esta revisión se pudo constatar, que es una de las carreras más exigentes y requiere un nivel elevado de compromiso por parte de los estudiantes para un rendimiento académico adecuado, existen factores internos que intervienen en el proceso de formación profesional de los estudiantes tales como la conducta, actividad física, la motivación, el estrés y la nutrición, una dieta equilibrada y saludable ayuda a que las funciones cerebrales se ejecuten de una manera adecuada logrando un buen desarrollo académico y la capacidad de responder a las actividades diarias.  La aptitud y el sentido emocional han permitido desarrollar habilidades, destrezas y competencia en los estudiantes de medicina con cargas horarias extenuantes. A ello se suma la motivación que, de acuerdo con la bibliografía consultada, se la consideró como parte importante del aprendizaje, ya que es el impulso que conduce al estudiante a elegir y realizar una acción. Los docentes se encargan de repotenciar la motivación en clases, teniendo en cuenta el desarrollo del estudiante y a la vez la integración de los aprendizajes, que va de la mano con la planificación académica de las universidades ecuatorianas que están acorde con los avances de la Medicina.
The Synergy of Data Engineering and Cloud Computing in the Era of Machine Learning and AI
Authors: Jeyaraman Jawaharbabu , Muthusubramanian Muthukrishnan
Published: February 2024

The integration of data engineering and cloud computing has become increasingly vital in harnessing the potential of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This paper explores the symbiotic relationship between data engineering and cloud computing, elucidating how their synergy facilitates the development and deployment of ML and AI solutions. By leveraging the scalability, flexibility, and accessibility of cloud infrastructure, organizations can efficiently manage, process, and analyze vast amounts of data, thereby fueling the advancement of ML and AI initiatives. Furthermore, the convergence of data engineering techniques with cloud-based services enables seamless integration of disparate data sources, enhances data quality, and streamlines data pipelines, laying the groundwork for robust ML and AI models. This paper discusses key strategies, challenges, and opportunities associated with leveraging the combined power of data engineering and cloud computing to drive innovation and maximize the potential of ML and AI technologies.
Data Engineering Evolution: Embracing Cloud Computing, Machine Learning, and AI Technologies
Authors: Jeyaraman Jawaharbabu , Muthusubramanian Muthukrishnan
Published: February 2024

The evolution of data engineering has been greatly influenced by advancements in cloud computing, machine learning (ML), and artificial intelligence (AI) technologies. This paper explores the intersection of these domains and discusses how data engineering practices have adapted to leverage the capabilities offered by cloud platforms and intelligent systems. It provides insights into the integration of ML and AI techniques into traditional data management processes, highlighting the challenges and opportunities associated with this evolution. Additionally, the paper discusses the impact of these technologies on data processing, storage, analysis, and decision-making, emphasizing the need for organizations to embrace these innovations to stay competitive in today's data-driven landscape