bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct comparison of brain [18F]FDG images acquired by SiPM-based and PMT-based PET/CT: phantom and clinical studies
Authors: Wagatsuma Kei , Sakata Muneyuki , Ishibashi Kenji , Hirayama Akira , Kawakami Hirofumi , Miwa Kenta , Suzuki Yukihisa , Ishii Kenji
Published: November 2020

Background

Silicon photomultiplier-positron emission tomography (SiPM-PET) has better sensitivity, spatial resolution, and timing resolution than photomultiplier tube (PMT)-PET. The present study aimed to clarify the advantages of SiPM-PET in 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([18F]FDG) brain imaging in a head-to-head comparison with PMT-PET in phantom and clinical studies.

Methods

Contrast was calculated from images acquired from a Hoffman 3D brain phantom, and image noise and uniformity were calculated from images acquired from a pool phantom using SiPM- and PMT-PET. Sequential PMT-PET and SiPM-PET [18F]FDG images were acquired over a period of 10 min from 22 controls and 10 patients. All images were separately normalized to a standard [18F]FDG PET template, then the mean standardized uptake values (SUVmean) and Z-score were calculated using MIMneuro and CortexID Suite, respectively.

Results

Image contrast, image noise, and uniformity in SiPM-PET changed 19.2, 3.5, and − 40.0% from PMT-PET, respectively. These physical indices of both PET scanners satisfied the criteria for acceptable image quality published by the Japanese Society of Nuclear Medicine of contrast > 55%, CV ≤ 15%, and SD ≤ 0.0249, respectively. Contrast was 70.0% for SiPM-PET without TOF and 59.5% for PMT-PET without TOF. The TOF improved contrast by 3.5% in SiPM-PET. The SUVmean using SiPM-PET was significantly higher than PMT-PET and did not correlate with a time delay. Z-scores were also significantly higher in images acquired from SiPM-PET (except for the bilateral posterior cingulate) than PMT-PET because the peak signal that was extracted by the calculation of Z-score in CortexID Suite was increased. The hypometabolic area in statistical maps was reduced and localized using SiPM-PET. The trend was independent of whether the images were derived from controls or patients.

Conclusions

The improved spatial resolution and sensitivity of SiPM-PET contributed to better image contrast and uniformity in brain [18F]FDG images. The SiPM-PET offers better quality and more accurate quantitation of brain PET images. The SUVmean and Z-scores were higher in SiPM-PET than PMT-PET due to improved PVE. [18F]FDG images acquired using SiPM-PET will help to improve diagnostic outcomes based on statistical image analysis because SiPM-PET would localize the distribution of glucose metabolism on Z-score maps.
Improvement of endothelial function by Gunnera tinctoria extract with antioxidant properties
Authors: Sabando Constanza , Rodríguez-Díaz Maité , Ide Walther , Pastene Edgar , Avello Marcia , Simirgiotis Mario , Rojas Susana , Villarroel Enrique , Silva-Grecchi Tiare , Gutiérrez Cristian , Bouza Rebeca , Cicchelli Bárbara , González Marcelo , Rodríguez-Llamazares Saddys
Published: November 2020

Background

Gunnera tinctoriahas been collected by Mapuche-Pewenche people for food and medicinal purposes. The high polyphenol content of methanolic extract fromG. tinctorialeaves with chemical constituents such as ellagic acid and quercetin derivatives suggests its application to prevent endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to provide evidence of the protective effect of this extract on endothelial function by reducing oxidative stress induced by highd-glucose and H2O2, as well as by stimulating nitric oxide (NO) levels in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).

Results

A methanolic extract with a high content of polyphenols (520 ± 30 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry extract) was obtained fromG. tinctorialeaves. Its main constituent was ellagic acid. The results of Ferric reducing antioxidant power and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assays of the extract confirmed its antioxidant activity by inhibition pathway of radical species. The incubation of HUVECs with the extract decreased the apoptosis and reactive oxygen species (ROS) synthesis induced by high extracellular concentration ofd-glucose or hydrogen peroxide. The extract increased endothelial NO levels and reduced vasoconstriction in human placental vessels.

Conclusions

This study provides evidence about the antioxidant and endothelial protective properties of methanolicG. tinctorialeaf extract. The extract improves the availability of NO in HUVECs, inhibiting the production of ROS and vasoconstriction.
Placement of dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis
Authors: Chen Jiahui , Lan Lina , Tang Yating , Lu Yi , Jiang Yongxiang
Published: November 2020

Background

To evaluate the efficacy and safety of placing dual capsular tension rings for the combined management of traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and zonular dialysis.

Methods

A modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring was inserted into the capsular bag in 20 eyes in 20 consecutive patients showing signs of ocular hypotony and ectopia lentis. Outcome measures included intraocular pressure, best-corrected visual acuity, and postoperative complications.

Results

Dual capsular tension ring placement was performed in 20 patients with a mean age of 48.7 years. The cyclodialysis cleft extended over 2.9 clock hours (range 0.5–6.5). The modified capsular tension ring was successfully inserted into the ciliary sulcus and a capsular tension ring or modified capsular tension ring in the capsular bag in all eyes. At the last follow-up, the cyclodialysis cleft was closed in 16/20 (80.0%) eyes. The intraocular lens was stable in all patients postoperatively. Best-corrected visual acuity, in terms of the logarithm of the minimal angle of resolution, improved from 1.3 ± 0.8 before surgery to 0.4 ± 0.3 after surgery (P < 0.001). Intraocular pressure increased significantly from 10.6 ± 3.2 mmHg before surgery to 13.0 ± 4.8 mmHg after surgery (P = 0.040). Postoperative complications included a painful reversible intraocular pressure spike in four patients (20.0%). Logistic regression revealed no significant factors associated with successful cleft closure and a stable final intraocular pressure of ≥ 10 mmHg.

Conclusions

The placement of two capsular tension rings into the ciliary sulcus and the capsular bag is a safe, successful procedure combined for repairing a traumatic cyclodialysis cleft and managing zonular dialysis.
Comparative trial of the effects of continuous locomotion training provided at pharmacies: a pilot study
Authors: Kikuchi Chigusa , Yamaguchi Kyoko , Kojima Masayo , Asai Haruyuki , Nakao Rika , Otake Yoshifusa , Nagata Junya , Matsunami Shinpei , Horiba Asako , Suzuki Tadashi
Published: November 2020

Background

While the world’s population is growing older, healthy life expectancy is not increasing. The Japanese Orthopedic Association proposed the concept of ‘locomotive syndrome,’ manifested as a decline in mobility functions, and introduced a short test battery for assessing the risk of this syndrome. The test battery includes the ‘stand-up test,’ ‘two-step test,’ and ‘25-question Geriatric Locomotive Function Scale’ (25-question GLFS). The purpose of locomotion training is to improve and sustain standing and gait functions. However, the place where locomotion training can be provided and followed up has not been decided upon. Therefore, a study was conducted to explore the effect of locomotive syndrome improvement by continuous locomotion training provided at community pharmacies. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of pharmacists’ instructions and follow-up on the compliance and effectiveness of locomotion training.

Methods

The inclusion criteria were 1) age ≥ 65 years and 2) decline in mobility functions. Guidance on how to perform locomotion training was provided by a pharmacist at the pharmacy. The participants performed locomotion training at home. They were tested and instructed at the pharmacy once a month for 3 months. The main outcome measures were test battery results and the percentage of number of days participants who were able to do the training at home.

Results

Eleven participants were analysed. The minimum implementation percentage was 78%. Improvements were observed in 25-question GLFS, muscle strength, and standing time on one leg. Three participants no longer showed a noticeable decline in mobility function.

Conclusion

Continuous locomotion training provided at pharmacies could contribute to locomotive syndrome prevention.

Trial registration

This study was registered with the University hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry (UMIN-CTR; identification No. UMIN000027963. Registered 28 June 2017).
Rare case of gastric inflammatory fibroid polyp located at the fornix of the stomach and mimicking gastric cancer: a case report
Authors: Kawai Akimasa , Matsumoto Hideo , Haruma Ken , Kanzaki Tomoko , Sugawara Yuji , Akiyama Takashi , Hirai Toshihiro
Published: November 2020

Background

Gastric inflammatory fibroid polyp (IFP) is a rare polypoid lesion of the stomach that is characterized pathologically by the presence of spindle cells, a prominent network of blood vessels, and inflammatory infiltration of eosinophils. IFP is mainly located in the gastric antrum and is usually semi-pedunculated and covered with normal mucosa. There have been several reports of large IFPs with ulceration on the surface, at the apex, but no report of the IFP with ulceration at the fornix of the stomach. We report a case of IFP with ulceration that was suggested to be gastric cancer and was resected for diagnostic treatment.

Case presentation

A 79-year-old woman presented to our hospital. During mass screening for cancer, stomach fluoroscopy revealed an abnormal shadow. Endoscopy showed an ulcerated tumor at the fornix of stomach; hence, gastric cancer was suggested because of the polypoid lesion with irregular ridges and ulceration. Pathological diagnosis of gastric biopsy specimens revealed an inflammation of the gastric mucosa, and specific findings for gastric cancer were not obtained. Because we could not exclude gastric malignancies such as cancer or gastrointestinal stromal tumor, we performed a partial resection of the stomach with a 2-cm margin using the laparoscopic-assisted method. Pathological examination of the resected specimen revealed that the tumor was present in the submucosal layer and consisted of collagen fiber containing inflammatory cell infiltration of mainly eosinophils. A prominent network of blood vessels was also found in the specimens. Immunohistochemical staining revealed mild positivity for CD34, and α-SMA and was negative for c-kit, DOG-1, s-100, desmin, ALK, and IgG4. The lesion was thus diagnosed as an IFP. The postoperative course was uneventful. The patient is currently asymptomatic and has shown no recurrence.

Conclusion

IFPs have variable locational, morphological, histological, pathological, and immunohistochemical features. We reported that the gastric IFP was located at the fornix of the stomach and was similar in morphology to gastric cancer. This case is clinically significant to avoid over-surgery.
Successful management of gastric remnant necrosis after proximal gastrectomy using a double elementary diet tube: a case report
Authors: Gakuhara Atsushi , Fukuda Shuichi , Tsujimoto Tomoyuki , Tomihara Hideo , Ohta Katsuya , Kitani Kotaro , Hashimoto Kazuhiko , Ishikawa Hajime , Hida Jin-ichi , Yukawa Masao
Published: November 2020

Background

The stomach has many incoming vessels and is resistant to ischemia due to the rich microvascular network within its submucosal layer. Although reports of gastric remnant necrosis after gastrectomy have been rare, mortality rates remain substantially high when present. A double elementary diet (W-ED) tube, which can be used for both enteral feeding and gastrointestinal tract decompression, has been developed for anastomotic leakage and postoperative nutritional management after upper gastrointestinal surgery. The current report presents a case of gastric remnant necrosis after proximal gastrectomy that was successfully managed through conservative treatment with a W-ED tube.

Case presentation

A 73-year-old male was referred to our hospital for an additional resection after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for gastric cancer. Endoscopic findings showed an ESD scar on the posterior wall of the upper portion of the stomach, while computed tomography (CT) showed no obvious regional lymph node enlargement and distant metastases. The patient subsequently underwent laparoscopic proximal gastrectomy and esophagogastrostomy but developed candidemia on postoperative day 7. On postoperative day 14, endoscopy revealed gastric ischemic changes around the anastomotic site, suggesting that the patient’s candidemia developed due to gastric necrosis. His vital signs remained normal, while the gastric remnant ischemia was localized. Given that surgery in the presence of candidemia was considered extremely risky, conservative treatment was elected. A W-ED tube was placed nasally, after which enteral feeding was initiated along with gastrointestinal tract decompression. Although the patient subsequently developed anastomotic leakage due to gastric remnant necrosis, local control was achieved and conservative treatment was continued. On postoperative day 52, healing of the gastric remnant necrosis and anastomotic leakage was confirmed, after which the patient started drinking water. Although balloon dilation was required due to anastomotic stenosis, the patient was able to resume oral intake and was discharged on postoperative day 88.

Conclusions

Herein, we present our experience with a case of gastric remnant necrosis after proximal gastrectomy, wherein conservative management was achieved using a W-ED tube. In cases involving high operative risk, the management should be mindful of gastric remnant necrosis as a post-gastrectomy complication.
Experiences of managing a gluten-free diet on multiple levels of society: a qualitative study
Authors: Garnweidner-Holme Lisa , Sende Karla , Hellmann Monica , Henriksen Christine , Lundin Knut E. A. , Myhrstad Mari C. W. , Telle-Hansen Vibeke H.
Published: November 2020

Background

Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy against dietary gluten. The treatment for CD is a strict life-long gluten-free (GF) diet, which has a profound effect on a person’s life. In recent years, there has been an increase in the availability of gluten-free products. This study investigates how people with CD experience and manage a GF diet.

Methods

Semi-structured, individual interviews were conducted in different areas of Norway. The analysis was guided by Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. Participants with CD (n = 12) varied in terms of gender, age, family composition and time since diagnosed.

Results

The analysis revealed challenges for a GF diet at the individual, interpersonal, community and policy levels. At the individual level, the participants explained that it took time to gain knowledge about a GF diet, and they expressed uncertainty about the healthiness of a GF diet. At the interpersonal level, the feeling of being different and the fear of gluten contamination were barriers to the enjoyment of social meals. At the community level, the participants asked for a wider selection of tastier GF products to purchase and increased knowledge about CD among those who prepare and sell GF foods. At the policy level, the participants asked for political action to make GF products more affordable.

Conclusions

This study indicates that people with CD should be given information about how to manage a GF diet right after being diagnosed with CD. The food industry should be encouraged to produce healthy and tasty GF products.
Performance Effects with Injury Prevention Exercise Programmes in Male Youth Football Players: A Randomised Trial Comparing Two Interventions
Authors: Lindblom Hanna , Waldén Markus , Hägglund Martin
Published: November 2020

Background

Increased performance from injury prevention exercise programmes (IPEPs) may affect injury risks positively and support the implementation of IPEPs. The primary aim was to study the performance effects of injury prevention exercises from two different IPEPs, the Knee Control IPEP and the further developed Knee Control+ IPEP, in youth male football players, and the secondary aim was to compare potential differences in performance effects between the IPEPs.

Methods

Four male youth football teams were tested for agility, hop and sprint performance at the start of the second half of the competitive season and after the end of the 8-week season. Per randomisation, two teams used Knee Control and two teams Knee Control+.

Results

In total, 47 players executed a median of 13 IPEP sessions (range 11–21 sessions). No improvements in performance were seen in the group as a whole. The intervention groups showed small declines in sprint and agility performance. There was a significant between-group difference in change for the 505 agility test, with improved performance in the Knee Control and worse performance in the Knee Control+ group, ΔKC vs KC+ = − 0.012 (95% CI − 0.19 to −0.04), d = 0.98.

Conclusions

No clinically meaningful performance effects were seen from the Knee Control or Knee Control+ IPEP in youth male athletes and no meaningful differences were seen between Knee Control and Knee Control+ regarding effects on performance tests.

Trial registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT03251404. Registered on 16 August 2017.
Exploration of the role of a lithophytic fern, Pteris vittata L. in wound tissue regeneration and remodelling of genes in hyperglycaemic rat model
Authors: Paul Tania S. , Das Biswadeep B. , Talekar Yogesh P. , Banerjee Suchitra
Published: November 2020

Background

In hyperglycemic conditions like diabetes, impaired wound healing occurs due to endothelial damage, dysfunction of leukocyte, decreased phagocytosis and secondary infection which may lead to amputation and debility. Ethnomedicinally,Pteris vittataL. (PV) is used for wound healing. This fern is arsenic hyper-accumulator but its therapeutic aspect is still unexplored. Hence, the present study was put forth to study its aqueous extract and ethanolic extract in diabetic wound healing.

Methods

Rats were divided into diabetic control, povidine iodine (PI) treated, ethanolic and aqueous extracts of PV treated groups (n = 6). Circular excision wound closure was observed for 15 days with and without treatment. After study completion, skin was divided into four sections wherein first section was homogenized for collagen, hydroxyproline and hexosamine assay. Second, third and fourth sections were used for antioxidant assay, gene expression and histopathology. Column purified fraction of ethanolic extract of PV was subjected to High Performance Liquid Chromatography, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance and Mass spectroscopy. Data obtained were analyzed using one way analysis of variance and expressed as Mean ± SD.

Results

The percentage difference in wound area of day 15 to day 0 showed 65% wound contraction in diabetic control rats. The percentage reduction in wound area showed by PI and extracts of PV were 79% and 85% respectively. Statistical significant increase in collagen, hydroxyproline and hexosamine was observed in the test groups as compared to disease control and PI treated rats. Similarly, statistical significant increases in antioxidant enzymes were observed in the treated groups with decrease in lipid peroxidation. Treatment of rats with PI and two extracts of PV up-regulated Matrix Metalloprotein-9, Collagenase-2 and VEGF-1 and down regulated Tumor Necrosis Factor- α and Interleukin-6. Histopathology in diabetic rats showed incomplete scab formation with haemorrhages which were absent in treated rats. Spectral data showed presence of polyphenolic compounds, fatty acids and ascorbic acid.

Conclusion

Alternative and complimentary management based on herbal biotherapy which can promote angiogenesis, increase collagen and lower the levels of reactive oxygen species are warranted for healing of wounds in hyperglycaemic conditions which were achieved by two extracts of PV.
Autologous full-thickness retinal transplant for refractory large macular holes
Authors: Rojas-Juárez Sergio , Cisneros-Cortés Javier , Ramirez-Estudillo Abel , Velez-Montoya Raul
Published: November 2020

Background

Despite the constant refinement of techniques and surgical aids, extremely large and refractory macular holes continue to have poor surgical outcomes with the current standard of care. The objective of the present study is to assess the anatomical and functional outcomes, as well as the structural change through time, of the optical coherence tomography of patients with refractory macular holes treated with a full-thickness autologous retinal transplant.

Methods

Prospective, case series. We include patients with a clinical diagnosis of refractory macular holes with a minimum diameter of at least 500 µm. All the patients had a comprehensive ophthalmological examination, which included a best-corrected visual acuity assessment, fundus examination, and optical coherence analysis. All the patients underwent a 23-gauge pars plana vitrectomy with a full-thickness retinal transplant and silicone oil tamponade (5000 cs<). Follow-up was done at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Statistical analysis was done with a test for repeated measurements and Bonferroni correction, with an alpha value of 0.05 for statistical significance and a Mann-Whitney U test for nonparametric continuous variables.

Results

We enrolled 13 eyes from 13 patients (mean age: 67.15 years) with refractory macular holes, with a mean base diameter of 1615.38 ± 689.19 µm and a minimum diameter of 964.08 ± 709.77 µm. The closure rate after 12 months of follow-up was 76.92%. Six patients with a closed macular hole at the end of the follow-up had complete recovery of the myoid/ellipsoid layer. The remaining showed a 44.9% reduction of the initial gap. Most patients formed a pseudofovea and normalization of the internal retinal layers. Despite a positive trend toward visual recovery (p = 0.034), after the correction of the alpha value, the change lost its statistical significance. During follow-up, one patient developed mild proliferative vitreoretinopathy and epiretinal membrane without anatomical or functional consequences.

Conclusions

An autologous full-thickness retinal transplant may improve the anatomical and structural outcome of patients with refractory macular holes. The full safety profile of this new technique is still unknown. More studies are needed in order to assess functional changes through time.
Optimization of community-led 3D printing for the production of protective face shields
Authors: Zhang Peter Chengming , Ahmed Yousuf , Hussein Isra M. , Afenu Edem , Feasson Manon , Daud Anser
Published: November 2020

Background

As the healthcare system faced an acute shortage of personal protective equipment (PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, the use of 3D printing technologies became an innovative method of increasing production capacity to meet this acute need. Due to the emergence of a large number of 3D printed face shield designs and community-led PPE printing initiatives, this case study examines the methods and design best optimized for community printers who may not have the resources or experience to conduct such a thorough analysis.

Case presentation

We present the optimization of the production of 3D printed face shields by community 3D printers, as part of an initiative aimed at producing PPE for healthcare workers. The face shield frames were manufactured using the 3DVerkstan design and were coupled with an acetate sheet to assemble a complete face shield. Rigorous quality assurance and decontamination protocols ensured community-printed PPE was satisfactory for healthcare use.

Conclusion

Additive manufacturing is a promising method of producing adequate face shields for frontline health workers because of its versatility and quick up-start time. The optimization of stacking and sanitization protocols allowed 3D printing to feasibly supplement formal public health responses in the face of a global pandemic.
Mid-term (2009-2019) demographic dynamics of young beech forest in Albongbunji Basin, Ulleungdo, South Korea
Authors: Cho Yong-Chan , Sim Hyung Seok , Jung Songhie , Kim Han-Gyeoul , Kim Jun-Soo , Bae Kwan-Ho
Published: November 2020

Background

The stem exclusion stage is a stage of forest development that is important for understanding the subsequent understory reinitiation stage and maturation stage during which horizontal heterogeneity is formed. Over the past 11 years (2009–2019), we observed a deciduous broad-leaved forest in the Albongbunji Basin in Ulleungdo, South Korea in its stem exclusion stage, where Fagus engleriana (Engler’s beech) is the dominant species, thereby analyzing the changes in the structure (density and size distributions), function (biomass and species richness), and demographics.

Results

The mean stem density data presented a bell-shaped curve with initially increasing, peaking, and subsequently decreasing trends in stem density over time, and the mean biomass data showed a sigmoidal pattern indicating that the rate of biomass accumulation slowed over time. Changes in the density and biomass of Fagus engleriana showed a similar trend to the changes in density and biomass at the community level, which is indicative of the strong influence of this species on the changing patterns of forest structure and function. Around 2015, a shift between recruitment and mortality rates was observed. Deterministic processes were the predominant cause of tree mortality in our study; however, soil deposition that began in 2017 in some of the quadrats resulted in an increase in the contribution of stochastic processes (15% in 2019) to tree mortality. The development of horizontal heterogeneity was observed in forest gaps.

Conclusions

Our observations showed a dramatic shift between the recruitment and mortality rates in the stem exclusion stage, and that disturbance increases the uncertainty in forest development increases. The minor changes in species composition are likely linked to regional species pool and the limited role of the life-history strategy of species such as shade tolerance and habitat affinity. Our midterm records of ecological succession exhibited detailed demographic dynamics and contributed to the improvement of an ecological perspective in the stem exclusion stage.
A brief review of the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus disease
Authors: Unnithan Ajaya Kumar Ayyappan
Published: November 2020

Introduction

It has been demonstrated experimentally that the coronavirus can enter the central nervous system through olfactory nerves and can even reach medulla. Neurological manifestations are observed more frequently in patients with coronavirus disease.

Main text

The aim of the review is to seek evidence for infection of the nervous system by the human coronavirus and study the neurological manifestations of the coronavirus and its treatment. A search was done in PubMed, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and Scopus. There is evidence for the coronavirus infection of the nervous system from experimental studies, autopsy reports, and clinical studies. The virus can damage the nervous system either by direct viral damage to the neural cells or by immunopathology. Cerebral edema, neuronal degeneration, encephalitis, meningoencephalitis, acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, Guillain–Barré Syndrome, Bickerstaff’s brainstem encephalitis, Miller Fisher syndrome, polyneuritis, toxic encephalopathy, and stroke can occur. The coronavirus has been demonstrated in the cerebrospinal fluid by polymerase chain reaction technique in infected patients. The abnormalities of the coagulation system increase the risk of cerebrovascular disease. Chloroquine analogs, lopinavir/ritonavir combination, remdesivir, dexamethasone, and immunoglobulin have been shown to be useful for the treatment.

Conclusion

There is substantial evidence for infection of the nervous system by the different strains of the human coronavirus. The coronavirus enters the nervous system either by the blood or from the olfactory nerves. The neurological diseases correlate with the severity of the coronavirus disease. The treatment is mainly supportive. The reports of patients with encephalitis, encephalomyelitis, and brainstem encephalitis show slow recovery. But a stroke has a high mortality.
Evaluation of real-time tracheal ultrasound versus colorimetric capnography as a point of care tool for confirmation of endotracheal intubation: a randomized controlled study
Authors: Abdelrahman Tamer Nabil , Abdelhameed Gamal A. , Armanious Simon H.
Published: November 2020

Background

Endotracheal intubation is essential for optimal airway control during general anesthesia or resuscitation of critically ill patients. Misplacement of the endotracheal tube (ETT) can lead to devastating, preventable morbidity and mortality. Colorimetric carbon dioxide detectors are considered a simplistic mainstream capnography that contains a pH-sensitive chemical marker that is prone to color change with ventilation. Real-time tracheal ultrasound allows for the dynamic observation of tube passage through the trachea or the esophagus, providing immediate confirmation of placement prior to any ventilation attempts with reported sensitivity/specificity of 100% for adult patients in the operating room.

We aimed to compare two different techniques (tracheal real-time ultrasound vs colorimetric capnography) as point of care tools for confirmation of correct endotracheal tube position.

Results

This study carried out on eligible seventy patients undergoing general anesthesia. Patients were divided randomly and equally into two groups (35 patients each). Group A in which patients’ ETT position was confirmed by real-time tracheal ultrasound and group B in which patients’ ETT position was confirmed by colorimetric capnography. Comparing both groups according to their diagnostic performance for detecting the correct position of the ETT inserted showed the diagnostic sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of real-time tracheal ultrasound vs colorimetric capnography (93.8%, 66.7%, and 91.4% VS 97%, 50%, and 94.3% respectively). Although there were higher sensitivity and accuracy of colorimetric capnography than real-time tracheal ultrasound, thepvalue between the two groups was 0.462.

Conclusion

Both tools are fast, effective, reliable, and accurate with many advantages and few disadvantages including the need for training on ultrasound practice and air-filled stomach in colorimetric capnography. However, these disadvantages can be easily overruled and the benefits from both tools overweigh their disadvantages.
Cardiac catheterization addressing early post-operative complications in congenital heart surgery—a single-center experience
Authors: Bahaidarah Saud , Al-Ata Jameel , Abdelmohsen Gaser , Alkhushi Naif , Abdelsalam Mohamed , Mujahed Mohammed , Al-Radi Osman , Elassal Ahmed , Zaher Zaher , Azhar Ahmad , Dohain Ahmed M.
Published: November 2020

Background

Cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery may play an important role in the diagnosis and management of patients with a complicated or unusual post-operative course. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the safety, efficacy, and outcome of cardiac catheterization performed in the early post-operative period following congenital heart surgery. All patients who underwent cardiac catheterization after congenital heart surgery during the same admission of cardiac surgery from November 2015 to May 2018 were included in the study.

Results

Thirty procedures were performed for 27 patients (20 interventional and 10 diagnostic). The median age of the patients was 15 months (15 days to 20 years), median weight was 8.2 kg (3.4 to 53 kg), and median time from surgery was 3 days (0–32 days). Eleven procedures were performed for 11 patients on extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. The main indications for catheterization included the inability to wean from ECMO (10 procedures) and cyanosis (10 procedures). Interventional procedures included angioplasty using stents (10 procedures, success rate of 90%), angioplasty using only balloons (2 procedures, success rate of 50%), and occlusion for residual shunts (8 procedures, success rate of 100%). No mortality was recorded during any procedure. Vasoactive–inotropic score had significantly decreased 48 h after catheterization when compared to pre-catheterization scores (p = 0.0001). Moreover, 72% of patients connected to ECMO support were successfully weaned from ECMO after catheterization. Procedural complications were recorded in 3 interventional procedures. Survival to hospital discharge was 55.5% and overall survival was 52%. Patients on ECMO support had a higher mortality than other patients.

Conclusion

Cardiac catheterization can be performed safely in the early post-operative period, and it could improve the outcome of the patient (depending on the complexity of the cardiac lesions involved).
Exploring the relationship of sleep quality with drug use and substance abuse among university students: a cross-cultural study
Authors: Fadhel Fahmi Hassan
Published: November 2020

Background

There is a growing interest in studying the area of drugs and college students due to the negative effects that drugs have on a student’s social life, academics, psychology, finances, and health. So, this study aims to identify the relationship between drug/substance abuse and quality of sleep among university students in Yemen and Saudi Arabia.

The sample size was 935 (43.21% N = 404 female, 56.79% N = 531 male, 55.40% N = 518 Yemeni, and 44.60% N = 417 Saudi). Students responded to the Drug Abuse Screening Test (DAST-10), the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and the Substance Abuse Questionnaire.

Results

The results showed a high prevalence of drug use: 43.1% of respondents (27.27% N = 219 Yemenis and 15.83% N = 148 Saudis) abuse drugs, 29.41% were in the low level of drug use, 10.48% were in the moderate level of drug use, 2.46% were in the substantial level of drug, and 0.75% were in the severe level of drug use as per the DAST-10. The differences between both countries in terms of drug use were significant (X2 19.394, P < 0.001). The prevalence rate of inhalants was 16.36% and of sedatives was 12.09%, and the differences between countries were significant. The prevalence of poor sleep quality was 24.81%; a total of 7.91% of respondents had very poor sleep quality, while 16.90% had poor sleep quality. The differences between countries were not significant.

The relationship between sleep quality and drug use, smoking, and substance abuse was significant. The quality of sleep decreased consistently with a high level of drug use or substance abuse.

Conclusions

Poor sleep quality is significantly associated with drug use and substance abuse, and it is important to recognize the factors affecting drug and substance abuse among university students. A significant contribution can make for the protection of university students by guaranteeing that psychological interventions for high-risk groups are planned in advance.
Fourier-transformed infrared spectroscopy, physicochemical and biochemical properties of chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine as supporting information on quality control of raw materials
Authors: Alberto-Silva Carlos , Malheiros Fernanda Blini Marengo , Querobino Samyr Machado
Published: November 2020

Background

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) and glucosamine (GLcN) are recommended for the restoration of the articular cartilage surface in patients affected by osteoarthritis. They are commercialized as pharmaceutical-grade products and as food supplements, and there are reports that they do not undergo the strict quality controls of pharmaceuticals. Herein, we evaluated the physicochemical parameters of two raw materials (CS and GlcN) obtained from two distinct suppliers in Brazil and compare the obtained data with the product specification provided by the manufacturer. Also, the homogeneity and purity grade of samples were analyzed by FT-IR spectroscopy.

Results

The organoleptic properties and solubility of CS and GlcN samples obtained from pharmacy analyses and the supplier’s specifications are in accordance with the standards required by the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA). However, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Bland Altman analysis of pH and the density values of samples are statistically different between the suppliers. In addition, FT-IR analyses indicated that there is non-homogeneity in the CS and GlcN samples tested, showing that both manufacturers distribute the drugs in different concentrations, although both declare the same concentration in the product technical specifications.

Conclusion

In summary, our study demonstrated that physicochemical parameters are insufficient to ensure product quality, and it is necessary to implement a more efficient protocol to ensure the quality of the final product.

Graphical abstract
Handling gaps in acquisition geometries — Improving Marchenko-based imaging using sparsity-promoting inversion and joint inversion of time-lapse data
Authors: Haindl Claudia , Ravasi Matteo , Broggini Filippo
Published: November 2020

Marchenko focusing and imaging are novel methods for correctly handling multiple scattered energy while processing seismic data. However, strict requirements in the acquisition geometry, specifically the colocation of sources and receivers as well as dense and regular sampling, currently constrain their practical applicability. We have reformulated the Marchenko equations to handle the case in which there are gaps in the source geometry while the receiver sampling remains regular (or the opposite, by means of reciprocity). Using synthetic data based on a velocity model that produces strong interbed multiples, we test different solvers for the newly formulated inversion problem, and we compare these results to results obtained by applying standard Marchenko inversion to a previously reconstructed data set. When using the unreconstructed data set, the ability of the Marchenko equations to retrace multiple reflected energy deteriorates. Sparsity-promoting Marchenko inversion, while improving the appearance of focusing functions, barely decreases multiple leakage in gathers and does not visibly improve the final image when compared to standard least-squares inversion. On the other hand, reconstructing the wavefield in advance restores the proper functioning of the Marchenko methods. Further, we test a joint inversion technique designed for time-lapse data with nonrepeated geometries and originally intended to be solved using sparsity-promoting inversion. Motivated by our previous results, we compare images produced by this method to images produced by solving the same joint inversion problem without sparsity constraint. We find that the joint inversion alone hardly improves the resulting images but, when combined with the sparsity constraint, it leads to better noise and multiple suppression and produces a clean time-lapse image. Overall, none of the results from sparsity-promoting inversion techniques match the results obtained when reconstructing the wavefield in advance. We show that this can be explained by the comparatively slow convergence rate of the sparsity-promoting Marchenko inversion.
Redescriptions of two species of Sepia (Cephalopoda: Sepiidae) from South African waters: Sepia robsoni (Massy, 1927) and S. faurei Roeleveld, 1972
Authors: Lipiński Marek R.
Published: November 2020

Two species of cuttlefish: Sepia robsoni (Massy) and Sepia faurei Roeleveld, are redescribed based on sexually mature males and females of both species. They were previously known only from their holotypes: male and female, respectively. They belong to a distinct group of small-sized sepiids, all near-endemics of southern African waters. The knowledge of the systematics and biology of this group is still limited despite the long time since the first description (1875). This is because, inter alia, of their small size: not larger than 4 cm mantle length at maturity. Twenty-one individuals of S. robsoni described here were scattered from Port Nolloth area to the Tsitsikamma coast (bottom depth <37–449 m). Eight known individuals of S. faurei came from the eastern Agulhas Bank (bottom depth 116–184 m). S. robsoni can be identified by extremely thinly calcified cuttlebone (transparent); smooth skin of dorsal mantle and head; tips of first pair of arms thick, finger-like, devoid of suckers. S. faurei can be distinguished by the following combination of characters: thick, heavily calcified cuttlebone but with flat and fused inner cone; skin of dorsal mantle and head very densely covered by characteristic warts; thin, whip-like tips of first pair of arms devoid of suckers. All described specimens of both species are deposited in the South African Institute of Aquatic Biodiversity (SAIAB) and in Iziko, South African Museum (SAMC).
Network technologies in preparing high school students for database management
Authors: Zubrilin Andrey , Pronchatova Anna , Zubrilina Mariya
Published: November 2020

The article shows the importance of network technologies in teaching schoolchildren. The analysis of textbooks of informatics on the subject of teaching a topic related to the maintenance of databases is given, and the features of its presentation are highlighted. On the example of the implementation of the project “Entering the University”, it is shown how students of grade 11 can be taught to work with network databases. In particular, create and maintain them, use them in professional activities. A step-by-step description of the actions of schoolchildren when creating a network database is given (creating a table structure, fi lling the database with information, selecting information through the formation of a query, working with reports). A business game through which students better understand the purpose of database management systems is described. Examples of a possible violation of information security when working with documents of applicants in the university selection committee are given.
Weak central coherence – construct conception, development, research methods
Authors: Bojda Agnieszka , Srebnicki Tomasz , Konowałek Łukasz , Bryńska Anita
Published: November 2020

Centralna koherencja pozwala na integrowanie bodźców w spójną całość i przetwarzanie informacji w określonym kontekście. Jest terminem wprowadzonym w celu usystematyzowania obserwacji dotyczących funkcjonowania poznawczego osób z rozpoznaniem zaburzeń ze spektrum autyzmu (Autism Spectrum Disorder - ASD). Słaba centralna koherencja charakterystyczna dla ASD jest rozumiana jako odmienny styl poznawczy, charakteryzujący się tendencją dla lokalnego przetwarzania informacji. Pozwala to na przedstawienie centralnej koherencji jako kontinuum cechy. Pomimo wielu badań, jak dotąd nie dysponujemy ostateczną konceptualizacją powyższego konstruktu. Aktualnym jest pytanie, czy słaba centralna koherencja jest ograniczoną zdolności do integracji bodźców, czy też zwiększoną umiejętnością skupiania się na danych szczegółowych. Ważny postulat dotyczy ustalenia standardu pomiaru centralnej koherencji i jej poszczególnych wymiarów. Poza licznymi badaniami wśród osób z zaburzeniami ze spektrum autyzmu, centralną koherencję badano także w zaburzeniach odżywiania, zespole Williamsa, zespole nadpobudliwości psychoruchowej i zaburzeń koncentracji uwagi oraz specyficznych zaburzeniach rozwoju umiejętności szkolnych (dysleksji). Poniższa praca stanowi podsumowanie dotychczas przeprowadzonych badań.
Quod hodie non est, cras erit, czyli Czego dziś nie ma, będzie jutro. Qui multum habet, plus cupit, czyli Kto wiele ma, więcej pragnie
Authors: Zaliwska-Okrutna Urszula
Published: November 2020

Quod hodie non est cras erit or What is not today shall be tomorrow The article is strongly based on theoretical linguistic assumptions by Jan Baudouin de Courtenay, Sydney M. Lamb, Roy Harris and Bronisław Malinowski, promoting the idea of individual character experience, human cognitive system and language sub-system. The assumption of individual and unique character of experience and language is naturally followed by inquiries into translator’s identity and its effect on the translation activity and product. The achievements in this area are already unquestionable and hard to dismiss; it is, however, deemed necessary and beneficial to extend our investigation by referring to advanced and integrated neuroimaging techniques as well as new discoveries in genetics and molecular biology.
Estimation of Worker Fruit-Picking Rates with an Instrumented Picking Bag
Authors: Fei Zhenghao , Shepard John , Vougioukas Stavros G.
Published: November 2020

Highlights

We designed a low-cost instrumented picking bag that can monitor the worker’s fruit picking process.

The bag can be used to estimate the worker’s picking rate for better workforce management.

The bag can also be used to estimate the accumulated fruit weight and generate a yield map for orchard management.

The best root mean squared error over the entire measurement range was 0.36 kg (1.8% of bag capacity).

Abstract. Estimating and recording a worker’s picking rate during tree fruit harvesting can provide useful information for better workforce management, orchard platform crew management, and generation of yield maps (in combination with position). A commercial picking bag was instrumented to estimate harvested fruit weight in real-time. All electronics were placed inside an enclosure that was placed between the bag and its shoulder straps, without hindering picking motions. The electronics included two load cells to measure the forces exerted on the straps by the bag and fruits, an Arduino microcontroller, signal conditioning circuits, data storage, wireless communication components, and inertial sensors. Software was developed for data acquisition, filtering, transmission, and storage. Two calibration models were developed to estimate fruit weight. One model (model 2) used inertial sensor data to compensate for the picking bag’s angle with respect to gravity direction, while the other model (model 1) did not. Dynamic calibration experiments were performed over the entire weight range of the bag (0 to 20 kg) with reference objects of known weight (baseballs and fresh apples). The weight was divided into three ranges: light load (<8 kg), medium load (8 to 13 kg), and heavy load (>13 kg). Results showed that model 1 performed slightly better in the light load range, but model 2 was superior in the medium and heavy load ranges, presumably due to bag angle compensation. The best root mean squared error over the entire range was achieved by model 2 and was 0.36 kg (1.8% of bag capacity). In an application case study, two bags were used by workers harvesting from a platform in a commercial apple orchard. From the data, the pickers’ harvesting speeds were estimated, and the fruit yield distribution was calculated for one side of a tree row. Keywords: Calibration, Electronics, Fruit harvesting, Labor, Yield monitor.