bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Robot-mediated impairment-oriented and task-specific training on upper limb post stroke: feasibility and preliminary effects on physical function and quality of life
Authors: Tay San San , Zhang Fuquan , Visperas Christine Alejandro , Koh Xuan Han , Lau Borisut , Neo Jin Rui Edmund
Published: October 2024

Objective

To assess the feasibility and safety of conducting robot-mediated impairment training (RMIT) and robot-mediated task-specific training (RMTT). The device deployed is the Optimo Regen (OR®), capable of delivering both impairment-oriented training and task-specific training.

Methods

This was a single-centre, randomized, single-blinded, two-arm, parallel group, controlled trial. Patients fulfilling criteria were randomized into either the RMIT or RMIT + RMTT group and provided with 20 h of robotic therapy on top of standard care.

Results

A total of 4 patients were recruited, with 2 patients receiving treatment in each arm. The study was feasible, with a 66.7% enrolment rate, 75% completion rate, and 100% attendance for each intervention session. We achieved a 90% satisfaction rate with no serious adverse effects. All patients had improvement of motor power, Fugl-Meyer Assessment-Upper Extremity (FMA-UE), Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and quality of life scores at 1 month. FIM continued to improve at 3 months post-commencement of intervention. There was relative ease of use of the device.

Conclusion

This trial is feasible. A full-scale study is warranted, to compare RMIT against RMTT, which is a novel application.
Prevalence and impact of rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder in multiple system atrophy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wang Hui , Zhang Ting , Fan Wenhui
Published: October 2024

Objective

Multiple system atrophy (MSA) is commonly associated with rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD). Research on the prevalence of RBD in MSA and its effects on MSA patients has yielded inconsistent results. Currently, there is only one meta-analysis discussing the prevalence of RBD in MSA, but no meta-analysis discussing the impact of RBD on MSA.

Methods

A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted by searching studies related to MSA and RBD in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane databases. Data were pooled as necessary to calculate prevalence of RBD, odds ratio (OR), weighted mean differences (WMD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2 statistic.

Results

The prevalence of polysomnography confirmed-RBD in MSA was 79.9% (95% CI, 68.8–89.3%) in a pooled sample of 598 subjects. Patients with MSA who had RBD were notably younger at examination than those without RBD (WMD −3.26 years, 95% CI −4.99 to −1.53), and the age of disease onset in MSA patients with RBD was significantly lower than in those without RBD (WMD −3.27, 95% CI −5.06 to −1.48). Additionally, RBD was more common among male patients with MSA compared to female patients (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.31 to 3.39). MSA patients with RBD also exhibited significantly higher Unified Multiple System Atrophy Rating Scale (UMSARS) I and IV scores than those without RBD (WMD 2.99, 95% CI 0.10 to 4.88, and WMD 0.23, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.43).

Conclusion

The prevalence of polysomnography-confirmed RBD in MSA is 79.9%. The prevalence in Asian population was lower than in Europe and America, which might be related to an underestimation in Asian populations. Additionally, patients with MSA and RBD tend to be younger at examination, have an earlier age of onset, and exhibit more severe disease manifestations compared to MSA patients without RBD.
Case report: An autopsy report of patient with metastatic brain tumor and carcinomatous meningitis mimicking paraneoplastic neurological syndrome
Authors: Amano Ryota , Sunouchi Azusa , Yokota Yuka , Mochizuki Kunio
Published: October 2024

Differential diagnosis of metastatic brain tumor, carcinomatous meningitis, and paraneoplastic neurological syndrome (PNS) can be challenging in atypical cases. When examining patient with increased T2 fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) hyperintensities in the temporal polar white matter, autoimmune encephalitis, including PNS, should be considered. Herein, we report the case of an 85-year-old man with carcinomatous meningitis due to lung large cell carcinoma. He showed disturbance of consciousness, abnormal behavior, incomprehensible speech, and apathy, which suggested brain dysfunction. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed high intensities on the whole cerebellum on a diffusion-weighted image and bilateral T2 FLAIR hyperintensities in the temporal polar white matter. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis and cytology showed elevated total protein levels, pleocytosis, and atypical cells with nuclear enlargement, hyperchromasia, and irregular shape. Autopsy revealed lung large cell carcinoma and its brain metastasis. Tumor cells were disseminated to the central nervous system along the subarachnoid space. Furthermore, plenty of carcinoma cells and peritumoral enlarged perivascular space were observed in the temporal poles. To our knowledge, this is the first report of bilateral T2 FLAIR hyperintensities in the temporal polar white matter caused by carcinomatous meningitis with pathological confirmation. In patient with carcinomatous meningitis, abnormal T2 FLAIR hyperintensities may not be derived from ischemia or tumor invasion to parenchyma.
A novel parameter dense three-dimensional convolution residual network method and its application in classroom teaching
Authors: Li Xuan , Yang Ting , Tang Ming , Xiong Pengwen
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Improving the rationality and accuracy of classroom quality analysis is crucial in modern education. Traditional methods, such as questionnaires and manual recordings, are resource-intensive and subjective, leading to inconsistent results. As a solution, computer vision (CV) technologies have emerged as powerful tools for real-time classroom monitoring. This study proposes a novel Dense 3D Convolutional Residual Network (D3DCNN_ResNet) to recognize students’ expressions and behaviors in English classrooms.

Methods

The proposed method combines Single Shot Multibox Detector (SSD) for target detection with an improved D3DCNN_ResNet model. The network applies 3D convolution in both spatial and temporal domains, with shortcut connections from residual blocks to increase network depth. Dense connections are introduced to enhance the flow of high- and low-level features. The model was tested on two datasets: the CK+ dataset for expression recognition and the KTH dataset for behavior recognition.

Results and Discussion

The experiments show that the proposed method is highly efficient in optimizing model training and improving recognition accuracy. On the CK+ dataset, the model achieved an expression recognition accuracy of 97.94%, while on the KTH dataset, the behavior recognition accuracy reached 98.86%. The combination of residual blocks and dense connections reduced feature redundancy and improved gradient flow, leading to better model performance. The results demonstrate that the D3DCNN_ResNet is well-suited for classroom quality analysis and has the potential to enhance teaching strategies by providing real-time feedback on student engagement.
Association between dietary inflammatory index and all-cause mortality in US adults with dermatitis: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Liu Yan , Liao Jie , Zhang Jieyi , Zhou Rang , Li Weiqi , Tao Yuanrong , Qin Yuesi
Published: October 2024

Background

While dermatitis management is primarily symptomatic, the role of diet in symptom exacerbation and improvement is increasingly recognized. The dietary inflammatory index (DII), a quantitative assessment tool for dietary inflammatory potential, has been associated with various chronic diseases but remains understudied in dermatitis. This cohort study investigated the association between DII scores and all-cause mortality among patients with dermatitis.

Methods

The study included 1,074 patients with dermatitis and complete dietary intake records from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999–2004. The DII scores were calculated using two 24-h dietary recalls and dietary supplement intakes and the consumption of 28 foods with known pro- or anti-inflammatory properties. All-cause mortality information was from the National Death Index, censored on December 31, 2019. Multivariable Cox hazards regression models, restricted cubic spline (RCS) models, and subgroup analyses were employed to evaluate the association of DII with all-cause mortality, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

The 1,074 patients were divided into DII tertiles (T1: n = 358, median age 40 years, DII −3.91, 0.06; T2: n = 296, median age 40 years, DII 0.06, 1.88; T3: n = 237, median age 39 years, DII 1.88, 4.39). The study revealed a positive correlation between higher DII scores and increased all-cause mortality risk among patients with dermatitis (fully-adjusted model, HR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.02, 1.27, p = 0.026). This association was more pronounced in adults over 45 years, with the highest DII tertile indicating a 2.42-fold increased mortality risk (95% CI 1.15, 5.07, p = 0.019) compared with the lowest tertile. The RCS model confirmed a linear dose-response trend (p for non-linear = 0.183), validating the relationship.

Conclusion

Elevated DII scores are associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality in patients with dermatitis, suggesting that the dietary inflammatory potential may impact health outcomes in this population. The findings underscore the importance of dietary interventions in dermatitis management, especially for middle-aged and older adults. Future research with larger cohorts and a longer follow-up is warranted to validate the findings.
Advanced lung cancer inflammation index is associated with prognosis in skin cancer patients: a retrospective cohort study
Authors: Lan Weifeng , Zhuang Wanli , Wang Ruiqi , Wang Xuewen , Lin Zhou , Fu Liqin , Zhang Yanping , Wen Yuqing
Published: October 2024

Background

Skin cancer ranks as one of the most prevalent malignant tumors affecting humans. This study was designed to explore the correlation between the advanced lung cancer inflammation index (ALI), a metric that gauged both nutrition and inflammation statuses, in skin cancer patients and their subsequent prognosis.

Methods

Data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) spanning 1999-2018 were scrutinized, along with mortality tracking extending to December 31, 2019. Kaplan-Meier survival curves and COX regression analysis, utilizing NHANES-recommended weights, delineated the association between ALI levels and skin cancer prognosis. To decipher the potential non-linear relationship, a restricted cubic spline analysis was applied. Additionally, stratified analysis was conducted to affirm the robustness of our findings.

Results

The 1,149 patients participating in NHANES 1999-2018 were enrolled. We observed a reverse J-shaped non-linear relationship between ALI and both skin cancer all-cause mortality and cancer mortality, with inflection points at 81.13 and 77.50, respectively.

Conclusions

The ALI served as a comprehensive indicator of a patient’s nutrition and inflammation status and was demonstrably linked to the prognosis in skin cancer cases. The meticulous evaluation and continuous monitoring of these parameters in skin cancer patients bear clinical importance.
Development and validation of nomograms based on pre-/post-operative CEA and CA19-9 for survival predicting in stage I-III colorectal cancer patients after radical resection
Authors: Dai Xuan , Li Yifan , Wang Haoran , Dai Zhujiang , Chen Yuanyuan , Liu Yun , Huang Shiyong
Published: October 2024

Background

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are the predominant serum tumour markers (STMs) for predicting the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The objective of this research is to develop clinical prediction models based on preoperative and postoperative CEA and CA19-9 levels.

Methods

1,452 consecutive participants with stage I-III colorectal cancer were included. Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test, and multivariate COX regression were used to evaluate the significance of preoperative and postoperative STMs. Patients were grouped into a discovery cohort (70%) and a validation cohort (30%). Variables for the nomograms were selected according to the Akaike information criterion (AIC). Subsequently, two clinical predictive models were constructed, evaluated, validated, and then compared with the AJCC 8th TNM stage.

Results

The overall survival (OS) rate and disease-free survival(DFS) rate declined progressively as the number of positive tumour markers(NPTMs) before and after surgery increased. For both OS and DFS, age, sex, pN stage, and NPTMs before and after surgery were independent prognostic factors, and then clinical prediction models were developed. The Concordance index (C-index), Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, Decision curve analysis (DCA), and risk score stratification all indicated that the models possessed robust predictive efficacy and clinical applicability. The Net reclassification index (NRI) and Integrated discrimination improvement (IDI) indicated that the performance of models was significantly superior to the TNM stage.

Conclusion

Nomograms based on pre-and postoperative CEA and CA19-9 can accurately predict survival and recurrence for stage I-III CRC patients after radical surgery, and were significantly better than the AJCC 8th TNM stage.
Evaluating peritumoral and intratumoral radiomics signatures for predicting lymph node metastasis in surgically resectable non-small cell lung cancer
Authors: Xu Ran , Wang Kaiyu , Peng Bo , Zhou Xiang , Wang Chenghao , Lu Tong , Shi Jiaxin , Zhao Jiaying , Zhang Linyou
Published: October 2024

Background

Whether lymph node metastasis in non-small cell lung cancer is critical to clinical decision-making. This study was to develop a non-invasive predictive model for preoperative assessing lymph node metastasis in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) using radiomic features from chest CT images.

Materials & methods

In this retrospective study, 247 patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were enrolled. These individuals underwent preoperative chest CT scans that identified lung nodules, followed by lobectomies and either lymph node sampling or dissection. We extracted both intratumoral and peritumoral radiomic features from the CT images, which were used as covariates to predict the lymph node metastasis status. By using ROC curves, Delong tests, Calibration curve, and DCA curves, intra-tumoral-peri-tumoral model performance were compared with models using only intratumoral features or clinical information. Finally, we constructed a model that combined clinical information and radiomic features to increase clinical applicability.

Results

This study enrolled 247 patients (117 male and 130 females). In terms of predicting lymph node metastasis, the intra-tumoral-peri-tumoral model (0.953, 95%CI 0.9272-0.9792) has a higher AUC compared to the intratumoral radiomics model (0.898, 95%CI 0.8553-0.9402) and the clinical model (0.818, 95%CI 0.7653-0.8709). The DeLong test shows that the performance of the Intratumoral and Peritumoral radiomics models is superior to that of the Intratumoral or clinical feature model (p <0.001). In addition, to increase the clinical applicability of the model, we combined the intratumoral-peritumoral model and clinical information to construct a nomogram. Nomograms still have good predictive performance.

Conclusion

The radiomics-based model incorporating both peritumoral and intratumoral features from CT images can more accurately predict lymph node metastasis in NSCLC than traditional methods.
Current status and prospects of diagnosis and treatment for esophageal cancer with supraclavicular lymph node metastasis
Authors: Cai Qingxin , Hong Yingji , Huang Xuehan , Chen Tong , Chen Chuangzhen
Published: October 2024

Patients with supraclavicular lymph node (SLN) metastasis from esophageal cancer encounter significant variations in treatment approaches due to differences in pathological subtypes and the lack of a unified regional staging system between East Asian and Western countries. The Tiger study aims to develop an internationally recognized staging system and to delineate the extent of regional lymph node dissection. In the context of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) with SLN metastasis, the treatment paradigms from East Asia offer valuable insights. The Japan Esophageal Society (JES) 12th edition staging system guides a tailored comprehensive treatment strategy, emphasizing either radiotherapy and chemotherapy or surgical intervention. In contrast, esophageal adenocarcinoma (AC) predominates in Western countries, where the 8th edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system classifies SLN metastasis as a distant metastasis, advocating for systemic therapy as the primary treatment modality. Nonetheless, compelling evidence suggests that a multidisciplinary treatment approach, incorporating either radiotherapy and chemotherapy or surgery as the initial treatment, can yield superior outcomes for these patients compared to chemotherapy alone.
Prognostic significance of the modified Glasgow Prognostic Score in NSCLC patients undergoing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy: a meta-analysis
Authors: Wu Jiaxuan , Wang Haoyu , Yang Ruiyuan , Liu Dan , Li Weimin
Published: October 2024

Background

The modified Glasgow Prognosis Score (mGPS), which considers both inflammatory response and nutritional status, has been linked to the prognosis of various tumors. The relationship between mGPS and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) is still a subject of debate. This meta-analysis aims to comprehensively assess the association between mGPS and survival in NSCLC treated with ICIs.

Methods

A thorough review of studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Embase was conducted up to June 4, 2024. Fixed-effect or random-effect models were employed, combining hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI), to assess the prognostic value of mGPS for OS and PFS in patients with NSCLC receiving immunotherapy.

Results

A total of 1,022 patients from 11 studies were recruited. Combined results showed that mGPS elevation was significantly associated with poor OS (HR = 1.63, 95%CI: 1.42-1.87, P < 0.01) and PFS (HR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.31-2.24, P < 0.01). Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis further determined the predictive effect of elevated mGPS on OS and PFS deterioration in NSCLC patients receiving immunotherapy.

Conclusion

mGPS can be used as a good noninvasive biomarker to demonstrate prognostic and clinical significance in patients with NSCLC undergoing immunotherapy.

Systematic review registration

http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/ PROSPERO, identifier CRD42023432661.
Association of CTLA-4 polymorphisms with hematologic malignancy susceptibility: a meta-analysis
Authors: Yan Xuefen , Zhang Nana , Wang Gang , Wang Jiaheng
Published: October 2024

Background

Recent studies have reported an association between Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) polymorphisms and hematologic malignancy susceptibility, while the results remain inconsistent. Hence, we performed a meta-analysis to investigate the association between CTLA-4 polymorphisms with hematologic malignancy susceptibility.

Methods

A comprehensive and systematic search of Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase databases was performed up to Sep. 20, 2024. The pooled odds ratio (OR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to determine the strength of the association between CTLA-4 polymorphisms and hematologic malignancy susceptibility. Statistical analysis was performed in STATA 12.0.

Results

A total of 13 studies concerning the CTLA-4 49A/G, CTLA-4 60A/G, CTLA-4 318T/C, CTLA-4 1661A/G, and CTLA-4 319C/T polymorphisms were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled results suggested the CTLA-4 49A/G polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased hematologic malignancy risk (AA vs. GA+GG: OR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.56-2.02), especially in NHL, multiple myeloma, and leukemia. Similarly, CTLA-4 319C/T polymorphism was found to be associated with decreased chronic lymphocytic leukemia risk. There was no significant association between the CTLA-4 60A/G, 318T/C, and 1661A/G polymorphism and hematologic malignancy risk.

Conclusion

CTLA-4 49A/G and 319C/T polymorphisms were associated with hematologic malignancy susceptibility.
Feasibility of clinical EEG for music recognition in children aged 1–12 years
Authors: Bower Janeen , Corlette Sebastian John , Wang Mengmeng , Magee Wendy L. , Catroppa Cathy , Baker Felicity Anne
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Musicality is an innate capability and the fundamental architectures necessary for music processing are present from birth. However, there is a notable gap in pediatric specific music neuroscience research and research that employs ecologically valid musical stimuli.

Methods

This pragmatic feasibility study aimed to assess the utility of EEG collected via pre-existing clinical monitoring to describe the processing of familiar song as an ecologically valid stimulus, in the underrepresented pediatric population. Three comparative auditory conditions (song, speech, and noise) were utilized to assess the changes in EEG across these conditions compared to a baseline silence.

Results

Analysis of EEG data from a pilot sample of four children revealed distinct changes in the underlying frequency components of the EEG during the song condition that were not observed in either the speech or noise conditions. To extend this analysis, a uniquely hypothesis-driven, multivariate statistical analysis method (generalized eigendecomposition [GED]) was employed, however in this study we did not isolate a consistent source responsible for the observed changes in the frequency components of the EEG during the song condition.

Discussion

The study is limited by the small sample size but nevertheless demonstrated feasibility of collecting EEG data in the imperfect auditory environment of an acute clinical setting to describe a response to an ecologically valid stimulus in the underrepresented pediatric population. Further research with a more restrictive study design and greater participant numbers is needed to extend these preliminary findings.
Cell cycle checkpoint revolution: targeted therapies in the fight against malignant tumors
Authors: Song Guangming , Liu Jue , Tang Xing , Zhong Jie , Zeng Yuhuan , Zhang Xiaodi , Zhou Jianbin , Zhou Jie , Cao Lu , Zhang Qunfeng , Li Yukun
Published: October 2024

Malignant tumors are among the most important causes of death worldwide. The pathogenesis of a malignant tumor is complex and has not been fully elucidated. Studies have shown that such pathogenesis is related to abnormal cell cycle progression. The expression levels of cyclins, cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), and CDK inhibitors as well as functions of the cell cycle checkpoints determine whether the cell cycle progression is smooth. Cell-cycle-targeting drugs have the advantages of high specificity, low toxicity, low side effects, and low drug resistance. Identifying drugs that target the cell cycle and applying them in clinical treatments are expected to promote chemotherapeutic developments against malignant tumors. This article aims to review drugs targeted against the cell cycle and their action mechanisms.
Supramolecular nanomedicine in the intelligent cancer therapy: recent advances and future
Authors: Li Shuo , Wang Yujiao , Li Chao , Zhou Binghao , Zeng Xiaoxi , Zhu Hong
Published: October 2024

In recent years, the incidence of cancer has been increasing year by year, and the burden of the disease and the economic burden caused by it has been worsening. Although chemotherapy, immunotherapy, targeted therapy and other therapeutic means continue to progress, they still inevitably have problems such as high toxicity and side effects, susceptibility to drug resistance, and high price. Photothermal therapy and photodynamic therapy have demonstrated considerable advantages in cancer imaging and treatment due to their minimally invasive and selective nature. However, their development has been constrained by challenges related to drug delivery. In recent times, drug delivery systems constructed based on supramolecular chemistry have been the subject of considerable interest, particularly in view of their compatibility with the high permeability and long retention effect of tumors. Furthermore, the advantage of dissociating the active ingredient under pH, light and other stimuli makes them unique in cancer therapy. This paper reviews the current status of supramolecular nanomedicines in cancer therapy, elucidating the challenges faced and providing a theoretical basis for the efficient and precise treatment of malignant tumors.
Research on the effect of post-activation potentiation under different velocity loss thresholds on boxer’s punching ability
Authors: Cui Weijia , Chen Yiming , Wang Dexin
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted in accordance with the principles of velocity-based training theory, with the objective of investigating the effects of post-activation potentiation (PAP) induced by different velocity loss (VL) thresholds (10% vs. 20%) on the punching ability of boxers. In addition, the aim was to determine the velocity loss thresholds and time nodes that produced the optimal activation effect. Twenty-four male elite boxers were randomly assigned to three groups: CON, 10 VL, and 20 VL. All subjects in the three groups underwent an activation intervention involving an 85% of the one-repetition maximum (1RM) squat, with 6-8 repetitions performed in the CON. The number of repetitions in the 20%VL and 10 VL was determined based on the velocity loss monitored by the GymAware PowerTool system. Four time points were selected for observation: the 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th minutes. These were chosen to test the subjects’ punching ability. The results demonstrated that activation training at different VL induced a post-activation potentiation in boxers, improving punching ability bilaterally and to a greater extent than in the CON. The dominant side demonstrated the greatest efficacy at the 12th minute under the 20% velocity loss threshold, while the non-dominant side exhibited the greatest efficacy at the 8th minute under the 10% velocity loss threshold.
Post-harvest cleaning, sanitization, and microbial monitoring of soilless nutrient delivery systems for sustainable space crop production
Authors: Curry Aaron B. , Spern Cory J. , Khodadad Christina L. M. , Hummerick Mary E. , Spencer LaShelle E. , Torres Jacob , Finn J. Riley , Gooden Jennifer L. , Monje Oscar
Published: October 2024

Bioregenerative food systems that routinely produce fresh, safe-to-eat crops onboard spacecraft can supplement the nutrition and variety of shelf-stable spaceflight food systems for use during future exploration missions (i.e., low earth orbit, Mars transit, lunar, and Martian habitats). However, current space crop production systems are not yet sustainable because they primarily utilize consumable granular media and, to date, operate like single crop cycle, space biology experiments where root modules are sanitized prior to launch and discarded after each grow-out. Moreover, real-time detection of the cleanliness of crops produced in spacecraft is not possible. A significant paradigm shift is needed in the design of future space crop production systems, as they transition from operating as single grow-out space biology experiments to becoming sustainable over multiple cropping cycles. Soilless nutrient delivery systems have been used to demonstrate post-harvest sanitization and inflight microbial monitoring technologies to enable sequential cropping cycles in spacecraft. Post-harvest cleaning and sanitization prevent the buildup of biofilms and ensure a favorable environment for seedling establishment of the next crop. Inflight microbial monitoring of food and watering systems ensures food safety in spaceflight food systems. A sanitization protocol, heat sterilization at 60°C for 1 h, and soaking for 12 h in 1% hydrogen peroxide, developed in this study, was compared against a standard hydroponic sanitization protocol during five consecutive crop cycles. Each cropping cycle included protocols for the cultivation of a crop to maturity, followed by post-harvest cleaning and inflight microbial monitoring. Microbial sampling of nutrient solution reservoirs, root modules, and plants demonstrated that the sanitization protocol could be used to grow safe-to-eat produce during multiple crop cycles. The cleanliness of the reservoir and root module surfaces measured with aerobic plate counts was verified in near real time using a qPCR-based inflight microbial monitoring protocol. Post-harvest sanitization and inflight microbial monitoring are expected to significantly transform the design of sustainable bioregenerative food and life support systems for future exploration missions beyond low earth orbit (LEO).
Climate change favors expansion of three Eucalyptus species in China
Authors: Mao Xinjie , Zheng Huisen , Luo Guihua , Liao Songkai , Wang Ronghao , Tang Ming , Chen Hui
Published: October 2024

Eucalyptus has become one of the most widely planted species in tropical and subtropical regions in China, with important economic, ecological, and social values. However, it is currently unclear how climate change will affect different Eucalyptus species. Therefore, it is urgent to investigate the potential distribution and dynamics of Eucalyptus under current and future climate scenarios. In this study, we analyzed the potential distribution patterns of the three main Eucalyptus species (Eucalyptus grandis, Eucalyptus urophylla, and Eucalyptus tereticornis) under current and future climatic conditions (2041-2060 and 2061-2080) using the optimized MaxEnt model, which integrates a variety of environmental data including climate, topography, soil, and human influence. We also identified the main factors affecting the potential distributions of the three main Eucalyptus species. The model indicated that E. grandis exhibited heightened sensitivity to the mean temperature of the coldest quarter (7.0-20.0 °C) and annual mean temperature (11.9-24.2 °C), whereas E. urophylla displayed heightened sensitivity to precipitation of the warmest quarter (272-1694 mm) and annual precipitation (812-2624 mm). Conversely, E. tereticornis demonstrated heightened sensitivity to annual mean temperature (12.7-24.5 °C) and temperature seasonality (63.8-598.9). Under the current climate, E. tereticornis had the widest suitable distribution area (124.91 × 104 km²), followed by E. grandis (124.89 × 104 km²) and E. urophylla (119.81 × 104 km²). Under future climate change scenarios, the suitable ranges of E. grandis, E. urophylla and E. tereticornis will continue to expand. This study highlights the importance of climate change in Eucalyptus distribution and provides quantified potential distribution maps for three Eucalyptus species under current and future climate conditions in China. This research offers valuable scientific insights pertinent to the management and rational site selection for Eucalyptus plantations.
Primus inter pares effect in high schools
Authors: Dizdarević Denis , Leskovar Robert , Vukovič Goran
Published: October 2024

Primus inter pares effect or better-than-average effect is cognitive bias known as illusory superiority in which individuals overestimate their positive abilities and traits in comparison to others. Overestimation and bias are often accompanied with various dangers on a personal, organizational or even societal level. We investigated the presence of overestimation among high school graduates in Slovenia in areas of teamwork, interpersonal skills, emotional intelligence, problem solving, and decision making. Although overestimation was present in all areas, results have also shown indications of indecisiveness. Overestimation was highest in the area of interpersonal skills, which is more of a social skill area in comparison with decision making or problem solving. Individuals probably receive more feedback over the course of high school in decision making, problem solving, and teamwork than in interpersonal skills, as those can directly impact grades while interpersonal skills less so.
To save the saver: facilitating school counselors’ occupational well-being through multi-dimensional support and basic psychological needs
Authors: Feng Lina , Liu Yi , Huang Haoyan
Published: October 2024

School counselors play an increasingly crucial role in protecting students’ mental health. However, many of them have experienced poor well-being in their occupations, which undermines their efficacy in mental protection. To identify the most significant well-being facilitators, this study examined associations between school counselors’ occupational well-being and situational, inter-individual and intra-individual supports, as well as further explored their dynamics. A total of 1,443 Chinese school counselors (66.6% part-time) from a regionally representative dataset were selected, and their work engagement, pressure and satisfaction were surveyed as well-being indicators. Dominance analysis revealed that (1) organizational support and occupational empowerment were consistently robust facilitators for most psychological needs and well-being indicators, (2) students were the most critical supporters for occupational well-being, particularly for part-time counselors; and (3) autonomy and competence were more central needs than relatedness in transferring supports to occupational well-being. Findings implied the most effective strategies to benefit school counselors’ occupational well-being, both in general and across different work cohorts.
Food insecurity and its determinants in pastoralist and agrarian communities in South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia: a community-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Gujo Mintesinot Melka , Modiba Lebitsi Maud
Published: October 2024

Background

Despite the implementation of different interventions, food insecurity remains a major public health issue in rural areas of Ethiopia. However, there has been limited evidence regarding food insecurity and responsible factors in rural areas of Ethiopia, particularly in South Omo, Ethiopia. Hence, this study aimed to assess food insecurity and determinants in agrarian and pastoralist communities of South Omo Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

Methods

A cross-sectional study was done among 605 randomly selected households in Benatsemay and South Ari districts from February 1 to 28, 2023. A standardized and validated Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) was used to measure food insecurity status. Data were entered using Epi-Info 7.1 and then transferred to SPSS V25 for analysis. To identify associated factors, a binary logistic regression model was employed. The strength of association was evaluated considering the adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI). A statistical significance was stated at p-value <0.05.

Result

A total of 597 participants were involved in the study with a response rate of 98.7%. The overall prevalence of food insecurity using HFIAS was 42.2% (95%CI: 38.2, 46.3%), among which mild, moderate, and severe food insecurity accounted for 17.4, 16.6, and 8.2%, respectively. Of pastoralists, 114 (47.1%) were food insecure whereas 138 (38.9%) were food insecure in the agrarian. Food insecurity was affected by household head sex (AOR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.14, 2.62), high dependency ratio (AOR = 2.53, 95%CI: 1.53, 4.20), no formal maternal education (AOR = 2.11, 95%CI: 1.07, 4.18), productive safety net program (AOR = 2.00, 95%CI: 1.16, 3.46) and land ownership (AOR = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.72).

Conclusion

Food insecurity was a significant problem in the study areas. Thus, it is crucial to improve female education, advance agricultural technologies, advocate family planning, and broaden productive safety net programs.
Stakeholder views on addressing challenges to the implementation of social prescribing in the United Kingdom
Authors: Rafiei Sima , Honary Mahsa , Mezes Barbara
Published: October 2024

Objectives

This study aimed to understand the key barriers to successfully implementing Social Prescribing (SP) initiatives from different perspectives.

Methods

An in-depth process evaluation using a multi-method qualitative design was conducted. Qualitative data was collected via semi-structured interviews (N = 23) and Focus Group Discussion (FGD’ N = 4). Twenty-three stakeholders took part in the study, including community support providers (n = 7), SP link workers (n = 6), service users (n = 6), NHS employees/referrals, and those who were involved in SP leadership and coordination (n = 4). MAXQDA Version 20.0 was used for management and data analysis.

Results

We identified eight themes representing challenges for a successful implementation of a SP programme. The themes included (i) financial issues and sustainability, (ii) human resources challenges, (iii) partnership working challenges, (iv) inadequate and inconsistent implementation, (v) information system challenges, (vi) referral system issues, (vii) training and knowledge gaps, and (viii) accessibility and privacy concerns.

Conclusion

Study findings provide insight for commissioners, providers, and link workers to guide the delivery of appropriate SP services by identifying a range of factors that hinder the successful implementation of the programme. Future policy, service development, and research should consider tackling these challenges and generating different ideas for potential solutions to address the root causes of problems.
Evaluation of fabric-based pneumatic actuator enclosure and anchoring configurations in a pediatric soft robotic exosuit
Authors: Sahin Ipsita , Ayazi Mehrnoosh , Mucchiani Caio , Dube Jared , Karydis Konstantinos , Kokkoni Elena
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Soft robotics play an increasing role in the development of exosuits that assist, and in some cases enhance human motion. While most existing efforts have focused on the adult population, devices targeting infants are on the rise. This work investigated how different configurations pertaining to fabric-based pneumatic shoulder and elbow actuator embedding on the passive substrate of an exosuit for pediatric upper extremity motion assistance can affect key performance metrics.

Methods

The configurations varied based on actuator anchoring points onto the substrate and the type of fabric used to fabricate the enclosures housing the actuators. Shoulder adduction/abduction and elbow flexion/extension were treated separately. Two different variants (for each case) of similar but distinct actuators were considered. The employed metrics were grouped into two categories; reachable workspace, which includes joint range of motion and end-effector path length; and motion smoothness, which includes end-effector path straightness index and jerk. The former category aimed to capture first-order terms (i.e., rotations and displacements) that capture overall gross motion, while the latter category aimed to shed light on differential terms that correlate with the quality of the attained motion. Extensive experimentation was conducted for each individual considered configuration, and statistical analyses were used to establish distinctive strengths, weaknesses, and trade-offs among those configurations.

Results

The main findings from experiments confirm that the performance of the actuators can be significantly impacted by variations in the anchoring and fabric properties of the enclosures while establishing interesting trade-offs. Specifically, the most appropriate anchoring point was not necessarily the same for all actuator variants. In addition, highly stretchable fabrics not only maintained but even enhanced actuator capabilities, in comparison to the less stretchable materials which turned out to hinder actuator performance.

Conclusion

The established trade-offs can serve as guiding principles for other researchers and practitioners developing upper extremity exosuits.
Supported to perform: sports bras and breast volume do not impair cycling performance in females
Authors: Illidi Camilla R. , Jensen Dennis
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Despite the importance of sports bras for comfort during exercise in people with breasts, concerns persist regarding their potential effects on athletic performance. Discrepancies in previous studies necessitate a closer examination of the interaction between sports bras, breast volume, exertional symptoms, and exercise performance.

Methods

Twenty-three recreationally-active, normal bodyweight females completed three 10-km time-trials on a cycle ergometer on three separate occasions in a randomized order, while wearing a professionally fitted high-support sports bra, a professionally fitted low-support sports bralette, or a personal, self-selected sports bra. Performance was quantified as the time to complete the 10-km distance. Cardiorespiratory and symptom responses were measured throughout.

Results

Participants were grouped by their estimated breast volumes (small: mean ± SD 284 ± 38 ml, median bra size: 32C; large: 560 ± 97 ml, 34DD; p = 0.002, g = 3.84). The average time-trial duration was 23.1 ± 3.1 min and comparable across breast volume groups and sports bra conditions (between-group: p = 0.794, ηp2 < 0.01; between-bras: p = 0.273, ηp2 < 0.01). Notably, larger-breasted participants experienced stronger symptoms of chest tightness (p = 0.042, ηp2 = 0.18), which were associated with their ratings of perceived exertion and breathlessness (intensity and unpleasantness). Irrespective of breast volume, the high-support sports bra also evoked stronger symptoms of chest tightness (p = 0.039, ηp2 = 0.15).

Discussion

Stronger symptoms of chest tightness associated with larger breast volumes or high-support sports bras do not impede performance during self-paced non-weight-bearing exercise in recreationally-active females.
The Stepping Threshold Test for assessing reactive balance discriminates between older adult fallers and non-fallers
Authors: Hezel Natalie , Buchner Theresa , Becker Clemens , Bauer Jürgen M. , Sloot Lizeth H. , Steib Simon , Werner Christian
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The ability to respond effectively to external perturbations is crucial for avoiding falls. The Stepping Threshold Test (STT) has been developed to assess this reactive balance, but its ability to discriminate between fallers and non-fallers is still unsubstantiated. This study aimed to evaluate the discriminant validity of the STT in distinguishing fallers and non-fallers and its convergent validity.

Methods

Thirty-six older adults (age = 80 ± 5 years), with 13 (36%) of them reporting a fall history in the past year, completed the STT on a perturbation treadmill. They received surface perturbations of progressively increasing magnitude while standing. Single- and multiple-step thresholds were assessed using an all-step count evaluation (STT-ACE), and a direction-sensitive evaluation strategy (STT-DSE). Receiver operating characteristics and area under the curves (AUC) were analyzed to evaluate the discriminative accuracy. Convergent validity was explored by 13 hypothesized associations with other mobility, psychological, and cognitive assessments.

Results

Fallers and non-fallers significantly differed in the STT-DSE (p = 0.033), but not in the STT-ACE or other commonly used mobility assessments. Acceptable discriminative accuracy was obtained for the STT-DSE (AUC = 0.72), but not for the STT-ACE and other mobility assessments (AUC = 0.53–0.68). Twelve (92%) associations were consistent with our hypotheses for the STT-DSE, and ten (77%) for the STT-ACE.

Conclusion

Our findings provide preliminary evidence that the STT, when using the STT-DSE, may discriminate between older adult fallers and non-fallers. The STT appears to be a valid tool for assessing reactive balance, with its STT-DSE being recommended due to its better discriminant and convergent validity compared to the STT-ACE.
Challenges and opportunities in geographical indication registered gastronomic products: Erzurum Rosette
Authors: Denk Erkan
Published: October 2024

Erzurum Rosette holds significant cultural value as a traditional dessert widely produced and consumed in Erzurum. Limited knowledge exists regarding the difficulties encountered by producers and the influence of Geographical Indication (GI) registration on production and marketing. This study aims to enhance the recognition of Erzurum Rosette, assess its production process to comply with the standards of the Turkish Patent and Trademark Office (TPTO), and explore its potential as a sustainable tourist product. A qualitative analysis was conducted on six producers of Erzurum Rosette. The information was gathered through semi-structured interviews that focused on demographic data, understanding GI, production challenges, and the influence of GI registration on sales. Responses were examined using thematic coding and statistical analysis. The study revealed that this traditional dessert production involves both male and female producers and that the producers have significant professional experience. General materials for production can be easily obtained, but obtaining the necessary special iron molds poses a significant challenge. Producers with a comprehensive understanding of GI have reported increased sales and market access after registration, but those with limited understanding have seen minimal impact. Common challenges include material supply and equipment availability, particularly regarding the procurement of iron molds. Sales and marketing strategies are generally effective, but continuous innovation is necessary for market expansion. Addressing supply chain issues and increasing awareness of GI benefits for producers are crucial for the sustainability and promotion of Erzurum Rosette. Improving support for local production and targeted training initiatives can help preserve traditional production methods and enhance the potential of Erzurum Rosette as a cultural and tourism value.
A review of genetic resources and trends of omics applications in donkey research: focus on China
Authors: Khan Muhammad Zahoor , Chen Wenting , Wang Xinrui , Liang Huili , Wei Lin , Huang Bingjian , Kou Xiyan , Liu Xiaotong , Zhang Zhenwei , Chai Wenqiong , Khan Adnan , Peng Yongdong , Wang Changfa
Published: October 2024

Omics methodologies, such as genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, lipidomics and microbiomics, have revolutionized biological research by allowing comprehensive molecular analysis in livestock animals. However, despite being widely used in various animal species, research on donkeys has been notably scarce. China, renowned for its rich history in donkey husbandry, plays a pivotal role in their conservation and utilization. China boasts 24 distinct donkey breeds, necessitating conservation efforts, especially for smaller breeds facing extinction threats. So far, omics approaches have been employed in studies of donkey milk and meat, shedding light on their composition and quality. Similarly, omics methods have been utilized to explore the molecular basis associated with donkey growth, meat production, and quality traits. Omics analysis has also unraveled the critical role of donkey microbiota in health and nutrition, with gut microbiome studies revealing associations with factors such as pregnancy, age, transportation stress, and altitude. Furthermore, omics applications have addressed donkey health issues, including infectious diseases and reproductive problems. In addition, these applications have also provided insights into the improvement of donkey reproductive efficiency research. In conclusion, omics methodologies are essential for advancing knowledge about donkeys, their genetic diversity, and their applications across various domains. However, omics research in donkeys is still in its infancy, and there is a need for continued research to enhance donkey breeding, production, and welfare in China and beyond.