bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Highly Sensitive Non-Dispersive Infrared Gas Sensor with Innovative Application for Monitoring Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Lithium-Ion Battery Thermal Runaway
Authors: Luo Liang , Chen Jianwei , Hui Aisn Gioronara , Liu Rongzhen , Zhou Yao , Liang Haitong , Wang Ziyuan , Luo Haosu , Fang Fei
Published: December 2024

The safety of power batteries in the automotive industry is of paramount importance and cannot be emphasized enough. As lithium-ion battery technology continues to evolve, the energy density of these batteries increases, thereby amplifying the potential risks linked to battery failures. This study explores pivotal safety challenges within the electric vehicle sector, with a particular focus on thermal runaway and gas emissions originating from lithium-ion batteries. We offer a non-dispersive infrared (NDIR) gas sensor designed to efficiently monitor battery emissions. Notably, carbon dioxide (CO2) gas sensors are emphasized for their ability to enhance early-warning systems, facilitating the timely detection of potential issues and, in turn, improving the overall safety standards of electric vehicles. In this study, we introduce a novel CO2 gas sensor based on the advanced pyroelectric single-crystal lead niobium magnesium titanate (PMNT), which exhibits exceptionally high pyroelectric properties compared to commercially available materials, such as lithium tantalate single crystals and lead zirconate titanate ceramics. The specific detection rate of PMNT single-crystal pyroelectric infrared detectors is more than four times higher than lithium tantalate single-crystal infrared detectors. The PMNT single-crystal NDIR gas detector is used to monitor thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, enabling the rapid and highly accurate detection of gases released by the battery. This research offers an in-depth exploration of real-time monitoring for power battery safety, utilizing the cutting-edge pyroelectric single-crystal gas sensor. Beyond providing valuable insights, the study also presents practical recommendations for mitigating the risks of thermal runaway in lithium-ion batteries, with a particular emphasis on the development of effective warning systems.
Correction: Chang et al. Fabrication of Stromal Cell-Derived Factor-1 Contained in Gelatin/Hyaluronate Copolymer Mixed with Hydroxyapatite for Use in Traumatic Bone Defects. Micromachines 2021, 12, 822
Authors: Chang Yun-Liang , Hsieh Chia-Ying , Yeh Chao-Yuan , Chang Chih-Hao , Lin Feng-Huei
Published: December 2024

The authors wish to make a change to the published paper [...]
Beam Tilt Aberration Detection of the Seven-Unit Phased Fiber Laser Array
Authors: Yu Xin , Wang Xingyue , Liang Jing , Liu Cai , Ni Xiaolong , Bai Suping , Li Jiasu , Liu Zeping , Hou Lijie
Published: December 2024

In this paper, we present a method based on the conjugate image principle and micro-nano optics to detect tilt aberrations of a phased fiber laser array system. A co-aperture optics system was adapted to detect the tilt aberrations of a seven-element phased fiber laser array system simultaneously. A Kepler telescope was designed to construct the conjugate relation between the exit pupil of a fiber optic laser array system and a microlens array and also to match the size of the seven beams and the microlens array. The apochromatic theory was used to meet the multispectral (1064 ± 0.3 nm, 1030 ± 0.3 nm, and 633 ± 0.2 nm) detection needs. A far-field detection unit was also designed to evaluate beam quality. When the actual beam was offset by 1 pixel, the beam tilt was about 0.7 µrad. The maximum detection error of the seven-element system was about 7 µrad. It could not only directly detect the beam’s tilt angle but also maintained detection accuracy while reducing the algorithm complexity.
Multi-Scale Robotics: A Numerical Investigation on Mobile Micro-Tweezers for Micro-Manipulation with Extreme Requirements
Authors: Tabak Ahmet Fatih
Published: December 2024

An automated micro-tweezers system with a flexible workspace would benefit the intelligent sorting of live cells. Such micro-tweezers could employ a forced vortex strong enough to capture a single cell. Furthermore, addressable control of the position to the vortex would constitute a robotic system. In this study, a spherical micro-object composed of super paramagnetic particles tightly packed in a non-magnetic resin is rotated with a combined magnetic field of permanent magnets. The said magnetic field is articulated by an open-kinematic chain controlled with a simple adaptive PI-control scheme. A vortex is formed as the spherical particle, assumed to be submerged under the surface of fluid, and follows the position and orientation of the external magnetic field. This forced vortex induces a radial pressure gradient that captures the live cell orbiting around the spherical object combined with the inertial effects. Here, a comprehensive mathematical model is presented to reflect on the dynamics of such micro-tweezer systems. Numerical results demonstrate that it is theoretically possible to capture and tow a bacterium cell while meeting extreme tracking references for motion control. Magnetic and fluid forces on the spherical particle traverse the vortex and the bacterium cell, with orbiting and sporadic collusion of the bacterium cell around the spherical particle, and the positions of the end-effector, i.e., the magnets, are analyzed.
A Miniaturized Loaded Open-Boundary Quad-Ridge Horn with a Stable Phase Center for Interferometric Direction-Finding Systems
Authors: Weng Zibin , Liang Chen , Xue Kaibin , Lv Ziming , Zhang Xing
Published: December 2024

In order to achieve high accuracy in interferometric direction-finding systems, antennas with a stable phase center in the working bandwidth are required. This article proposes a miniaturized loaded open-boundary quad-ridge horn (LOQRH) antenna with dimensions of 40 mm × 40 mm × 49 mm. First, to stabilize the phase center of the antenna, the design builds on the foundation of a quad-ridge horn antenna, where measures such as optimizing the ridge structure and introducing resistive loading were implemented to achieve size reduction. Second, electrically small-sized antennas are more susceptible to the effects of common-mode currents (CMCs), which can reduce the symmetry of the radiation pattern and the stability of the phase center. To avoid the generation of common-mode currents during operation, a self-balanced feed structure was introduced into the proposed antenna design. This structure establishes a balanced circuit and routes the feedline at the voltage null point, effectively suppressing the common-mode current. As a result, the miniaturization of the LOQRH antenna was achieved while ensuring the suppression of the common-mode current, thereby maintaining the stability of the antenna’s electromagnetic performance. The measured results show that the miniaturized antenna has a small phase center change of less than 20.3 mm within 2–18 GHz, while the simulated phase center fluctuation is only 14.6 mm. In addition, when taking 18.5 mm in front of the antenna’s feed point as the phase center, the phase fluctuation is less than 22.5° within the required beam width. Along with the desired stable phase center, the miniaturized design makes the proposed antenna suitable for interferometric direction-finding systems.
Quantifying Uncertainty in Laser-Induced Damage Threshold for Cylindrical Gratings
Authors: Li Yuan , Xu Junqi , Yang Guoliang , Yang Lihong , Su Junhong
Published: December 2024

The laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) is a key measure of an optical component’s resistance to laser damage, making its accurate determination crucial. Following the ISO 21254 standards, we studied the measurement strategy and uncertainty fitting method for laser damage, establishing a calculation model for uncertainty. Research indicates that precise LIDT measurement can be achieved by using a small energy level difference and conducting multiple measurements. The LIDT values for the cylindrical grating are 15.34 ± 0.00052 J/cm2 (95% confidence) and 15.34 ± 0.00078 J/cm2 (99% confidence), demonstrating low uncertainty and reliable results. This strategy effectively measures the LIDT and uncertainty of various grating surface shapes, offering reliable data for assessing their anti-laser-damage performance.
Overview of Recent Advances in Canine Parvovirus Research: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Zhou Hongzhuan , Cui Kaidi , Su Xia , Zhang Huanhuan , Xiao Bing , Li Songping , Yang Bing
Published: December 2024

Canine parvovirus (CPV-2) was first identified in the late 1970s and has since become one of the most significant infectious agents affecting dogs. CPV-2 causes severe diseases such as hemorrhagic gastroenteritis and myocarditis, posing a major threat to canine health, particularly with a high mortality rate in puppies. It is globally recognized as a highly contagious and lethal pathogen. CPV is prone to rapid mutation, leading to the emergence of new variants. Despite widespread vaccination efforts, CPV remains one of the primary causes of acute gastroenteritis and death in young and juvenile dogs. Furthermore, the detection of CPV in swine populations has introduced additional challenges to its control. This review summarizes the current epidemiological status of CPV, highlighting recent advancements in diagnostic techniques and vaccine development. Additionally, it discusses the latest research on the pathogenesis of the virus and the development of antiviral agent research and proposes prevention and control suggestions for CPV under the One Health concept. In particular, there is a need to enhance surveillance of viral dynamics, accelerate the development of novel vaccines, and deepen the exploration of the underlying pathogenic mechanisms. This review aims to provide a scientific foundation for effective control of CPV and to guide future research directions.
Setting Time of Alkali-Activated Binders Exposed to Co-60 Gamma Radiation
Authors: Rubinjoni Luka , Stanković Srboljub , Janićijević Aco
Published: December 2024

An investigation of the effect of gamma radiation was carried out on the setting time of alkali-activated binder paste. Mechanically activated coal fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (BFS), and their 1:1 mass mixture (MIX) were activated by water glass with a module of 1.5. Fresh paste was cast into molds and exposed to Co-60 gamma radiation, at a dose rate of 9.62–9.53 Gy/h, until the final setting. The initial and final setting times were determined by measuring the penetration of the Vicat needle at regular intervals. The initial setting times were 1 h 3 min for BFS, 1 h 55 min for MIX, and 3 h 28 min for FA. The final setting times were 1 h 10 min for BFS, 2 h 13 min for MIX, and 4 h 1 min for FA. The received doses were 8.02 Gy for BFS, 17.54 Gy for MIX, and 34.14 Gy for FA. Exposure to gamma radiation resulted in a shorter initial setting time for BFS, a shorter final setting time for FA, and results with an insufficiently visible impact on MIX. For dose rates in the 9–10 Gy/h range, the irradiation by Co-60 gamma rays during setting did not lead to flash, nor did it delay the setting of alkali-activated binder pastes.
Metasomatic to Hydrothermal Genesis of Natural Calcium Silicate Hydrates (C-S-H): Evidence from Lessini Mountains, Veneto Volcanic Province, Italy
Authors: Mattioli Michele , Giordani Matteo , Filippi Franco
Published: December 2024

We report the occurrence of natural calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) from the Grolla quarry in the Lessini Mountains of Northern Italy. These minerals are formed by basic and ultrabasic magma interacting with carbonate rocks. The mineral assemblage includes thaumasite, xonotlite, tobermorite, and plombierite, often intergrown with other silicates, as well as minor amounts of carbonates and sulfates. Common zeolites in this area include chabazite, phillipsite/harmotome, natrolite, and thomsonite. Although less abundant, these zeolites are typically associated with calcite, fluoroapophyllite, and barite. The Grolla quarry outcrop allows for the study of the in situ complex crystalline overgrowths and specific crystal chemistry of rare natural mineral phases, such as C-S-H minerals, formed under metasomatic to hydrothermal conditions.
Optimization of Ultra-High-Performance Concrete Using a Clinker-Free Binder and Iron Mine Tailings Aggregate
Authors: Heraiz Hocine , Mu Xinli , Li Jiajie , Lei Bolan , Zhang Siqi , Li Yunyun , Zhu Sitao , Ni Wen , Hitch Michael
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the use of iron mine tailings (ITs) as a fine aggregate and a clinker-free binder composed of ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GBFS), desulfurization gypsum (DG), and basic oxygen furnace slag (BOFS) to produce low-cost ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC). The research optimizes the UHPC base by evaluating the impact of key parameters, including the BOFS to GBFS ratio, DG content, BOFS fineness, and binder-to-sand ratio on compressive strength. The study also compares the use of iron mine tailings and silica sand as fine aggregates, demonstrating that tailings are a viable substitute. The results show that the optimal mix, consisting of a 1:1 BOFS to GBFS ratio, 15% DG, and 400 m2/kg BOFS fineness, achieves a compressive strength of 113.7 MPa after 28 days when using iron mine tailings as fine aggregate. Microstructural analysis through X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetry (TG), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) reveal that the primary hydration products—C-S-H gel and AFt—contribute to the dense and strong microstructure of the UHPC. This research offers a sustainable approach to producing cost-effective UHPC by utilizing industrial waste materials, providing a promising solution for reducing both environmental impact and production costs in construction.
Tracing Material Origins: Provenance Studies of White Marble in Roman Temple E of Ancient Corinth Using Archaeometric and Geoarchaeological Methods
Authors: Anevlavi Vasiliki , Prochaska Walter , Ruhland Anna Sophie , Cenati Chiara
Published: December 2024

In 44 BC, Julius Caesar established Colonia Laus Iulia Corinthiensis, strategically reviving Corinth to dominate Isthmian trade routes and extend Rome’s commercial influence eastwards. At the centre of the colony lies Temple E, an enigmatic structure with an unidentified associated cult. This study investigates the architectural characteristics of Temple E, focusing on the use of marble as the primary building material. Petrographic analysis, elemental chemical profiling (Mn, Mg, Fe, Sr, Y, V, Cd, La, Ce, Yb, U), and isotopic measurements (δ18O ‰, δ13C ‰) are employed to analyse marble samples from the surrounding region, exploring sourcing and construction practices. Statistical comparisons with ancient quarry databases indicate a strong reliance on locally sourced Doliana marble, underscoring the economic significance of regional quarries and suggesting the existence of a local workshop dedicated to architectural production in Roman Corinth. By integrating geological and archaeometric approaches, this study highlights Corinth’s pivotal role in the regional marble trade and its broader economic importance during the Roman Imperial period. The findings emphasise the use of local resources, illustrating a flourishing marble-working industry and enhancing our understanding of the relationship between local materials and Roman architectural practices.
Structure- and Ligand-Based Virtual Screening for Identification of Novel TRPV4 Antagonists
Authors: Saadabadi Atefeh , Wilkman Linda , Rantanen Marja , Koivisto Ari-Pekka , Salo-Ahen Outi M. H.
Published: December 2024

Transient receptor potential vanilloid (TRPV) 4 is involved in signaling pathways specifically mediating pain and inflammation, making it a promising target for the treatment of various painful and inflammatory conditions. However, only one drug candidate targeting TRPV4 has entered the clinical trials. To identify potential TRPV4 inhibitors for drug development, we screened a library of ion channel-modulating compounds using both structure- and ligand-based virtual screening approaches. Since a high-resolution experimental structure of the human TRPV4 (hTRPV4) was not available during this study, we used a comparative model of hTRPV4 for the structure-based screening by molecular docking. The ligand-based virtual screening was performed using the pharmacophoric features of two known TRPV4 antagonists. Five potential hits were selected based on either the binding stability or the pharmacophore match, and their effect on hTRPV4 was tested using a FLIPRtetra assay. All tested compounds inhibited hTRPV4 at 30 µM, with compound Z1213735368 showing an IC50 of 8 µM at a concentration of 10 µM. Furthermore, natural stilbenoids, known to modulate other TRP channels, were evaluated for their hTRPV4 binding and inhibitory potential. The findings provide insight into the structural determinants of hTRPV4 modulation and may facilitate further efforts in developing therapeutic hTRPV4 ligands.
Synthesis of Novel Benzothiazole–Profen Hybrid Amides as Potential NSAID Candidates
Authors: Ivanov Iliyan , Manolov Stanimir , Bojilov Dimitar , Stremski Yordan , Marc Gabriel , Statkova-Abeghe Stela , Oniga Smaranda , Oniga Ovidiu , Nedialkov Paraskev
Published: December 2024

Herein, we report the synthesis of a series of new compounds by combining 2-aminobenzothiazole with various profens. The compounds were characterized using techniques such as 1H- and 13C-NMR, FT-IR spectrometry, and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS), with detailed HRMS analysis conducted for each molecule. Their biological activities were tested in vitro, revealing significant anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects, comparable to those of standard reference compounds. Lipophilicity was experimentally determined through partition coefficient (RM) measurements. To understand their binding affinity, molecular docking studies were perfsormed to analyze interactions with human serum albumin (HSA). The stability of these predicted complexes was further evaluated through molecular dynamics simulations. The results highlight the compounds’ promising biological activity and strong affinity for HSA. The new hybrid molecule between 2-ABT and ketoprofen 3b demonstrates significant promise based on the experimental data and is further supported by in silico calculations. Compound 3b exhibits the best hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity among the tested compounds, with an IC50 of 60.24 μg/mL. Furthermore, 3b also displays superior anti-inflammatory activity, with an IC50 of 54.64 μg/mL, making it more effective than the standard ibuprofen (76.05 μg/mL).
Performance Evaluation of Enhanced Oil Recovery by Host–Guest Interaction of β-Cyclodextrin Polymer/Hydrophobically Associative Polymer
Authors: Li Xi , Ye Zhongbing , Luo Pingya
Published: December 2024

In this work, a hydrophobically associative polymer (HAP) was mixed with β-cyclodextrin and epichlorohydrin polycondensate (β-CDP) in an aqueous solution to enhance the intermolecular interaction through host–guest inclusion between hydrophobes and cyclodextrins. Results showed that the host–guest interaction improved the thickening ability and viscoelasticity of the HAP solution and maintained its shear thinning behavior. The host–guest inclusion system demonstrated special viscosity–temperature curves and variable activation energy. Enhanced oil recovery (EOR) performance tests showed that the oil increment produced by the host–guest inclusion system was 5.5% and 9.3% higher than that produced by the HAP and the partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide solution, respectively. Compared with pure HAP, β-CDP/HAP has a better comprehensive performance and is more attractive for EOR in high-temperature reservoirs.
Dapsone Alters Phenotypical and Functional Properties of Human Neutrophils In Vitro
Authors: Rakočević Sara , Mališ Vanja , Kozić Ljiljana , Dubovina Anđela , Drakul Marija , Bokonjić Dejan , Čolić Miodrag , Mihajlović Dušan
Published: December 2024

Dapsone is a sulfone used in treating inflammatory skin conditions. Despite its widespread dermatological use, the pharmacological actions of dapsone remain poorly understood. Here, we examined how different aspects of neutrophil functions are affected by dapsone. Peripheral blood neutrophils from healthy donors were stimulated with phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate (PMA), N-formyl-L-methionyl-L-leucyl-L-phenylalanine (fMLP), or calcium ionophore (CaI) or primed with cytokines prior to stimulation, in the presence of different concentrations of dapsone (from 10 to 50 µg/mL), followed by analyses of their survival, phenotype, and functional properties. We found that dapsone at the concentration of 50 μg/mL induced a significant neutrophil apoptotic rate during 6 h and 18 h, while other concentrations were well tolerated compared to control non-treated cells. However, dapsone significantly decreased the induced oxidative burst of neutrophils at all non-cytotoxic concentrations. Additionally, dapsone showed a dose-dependent suppression of NETosis in activated neutrophils. The production of IL-8 by dapsone-treated neutrophils was decreased under both stimulated (fMLP) and primed (TNF-α/fMLP) conditions. Moreover, dapsone inhibited the expression of CD11b/CD18, CD66, and CD89 and reversed or significantly mitigated the downregulation of CD16, CD32, CD181, CD88, and CD62L on neutrophils after priming and fMLP stimulation. In conclusion, our results indicate the complexity of dapsone actions on neutrophil functions, extending previous knowledge on the suppression of oxidative burst and IL-8 production upon neutrophils’ activation. Suppressed NETosis and modulation of marker expression associated with different neutrophil functions under inflammatory conditions are new findings, not recognized previously.
Polyamide Microparticles with Immobilized Enological Pectinase as Efficient Biocatalysts for Wine Clarification: The Role of the Polymer Support
Authors: Oliveira Sandra C. , Araújo Samuel M. , Dencheva Nadya V. , Denchev Zlatan Z.
Published: December 2024

Free pectinase is commonly employed as a biocatalyst in wine clarification; however, its removal, recovery, and reuse are not feasible. To address these limitations, this study focuses on the immobilization of a commercial pectinolytic preparation (Pec) onto highly porous polymer microparticles (MPs). Seven microparticulate polyamide (PA) supports, namely PA4, PA6, PA12 (with and without magnetic properties), and the copolymeric PA612 MP, were synthesized through activated anionic ring-opening polymerization of various lactams. Pectinase was non-covalently immobilized on these supports by adsorption, forming Pec@PA conjugates. Comparative activity and kinetic studies revealed that the Pec@PA12 conjugate exhibited more than twice the catalytic efficiency of the free enzyme, followed by Pec@PA6-Fe and Pec@PA4-Fe. All Pec@PA complexes were tested in the clarification of industrial rosé must, demonstrating similar or better performance compared to the free enzyme. Some immobilized biocatalysts supported up to seven consecutive reuse cycles, maintaining up to 50% of their initial activity and achieving complete clarification within 3–30 h across three consecutive cycles of application. These findings highlight the potential for industrial applications of noncovalently immobilized pectinase on various polyamide microparticles, with possibilities for customization of the conjugates’ properties.
Multi-Omics on Traditional Medicinal Plant of the Genus Aconitum: Current Progress and Prospect
Authors: Wang Ting , Rangji Cai , Liu Wenbin , Ma Jing , Zhou Ruichen , Leng Liang , Zhang Yi
Published: December 2024

Aconitum stands out among the Ranunculaceae family for its notable use as an ornamental and medicinal plant. Diterpenoid alkaloids (DAs), the characteristic compounds of Aconitum, have been found to have effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. Despite their medicinal potential, the toxicity of most DAs restricts the direct use of Aconitum in traditional medicine, necessitating complex processing before use. The use of high-throughput omics allows for the investigation of Aconitum plant genetics, gene regulation, metabolic pathways, and growth and development. We have collected comprehensive information on the omics studies of Aconitum medicinal plants, encompassing genomics, transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, and microbiomics, from internationally recognized electronic scientific databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and CNKI. In light of this, we identified research gaps and proposed potential areas and key objectives for Aconitum omics research, aiming to establish a framework for quality improvement, molecular breeding, and a deeper understanding of specialized metabolite production in Aconitum plants.
Evaluating Variational Quantum Eigensolver Approaches for Simplified Models of Molecular Systems: A Case Study on Protocatechuic Acid
Authors: de Jesus Gleydson Fernandes , Teixeira Erico Souza , Galvão Lucas Queiroz , da Silva Maria Heloísa Fraga , Neto Mauro Queiroz Nooblath , Fernandez Bruno Oziel , de Lima Amanda Marques , de Aguiar Silva Eivson Darlivam Rodrigues , Cruz Clebson dos Santos
Published: December 2024

The Variational Quantum Eigensolver (VQE) is a hybrid algorithm that combines quantum and classical computing to determine the ground-state energy of molecular systems. In this context, this study applies VQE to investigate the ground state of protocatechuic acid, analyzing its performance with various Ansatzes and active spaces. Subsequently, all VQE results were compared to those obtained with the CISD and FCI methods. The results demonstrate that Ansatzes, like Unitary Coupled Cluster Singles and Doubles (UCCSD) and variations of Hardware-Efficient Ansatzes, generally achieve accuracy close to that of FCI. In conclusion, this study highlights the effectiveness of VQE as a robust method for investigating molecular ground-state energies. Additionally, the findings emphasize the pivotal role of Ansatz design and active space selection in optimizing VQE performance, offering meaningful insights into its capabilities and constraints.
A Novel Liquid Chromatography–Tandem Mass Spectrometry Method to Quantify Tryptophan and Its Major Metabolites in Serum to Support Biomarker Studies in Patients with Cancer Undergoing Immunotherapy
Authors: Siemiątkowska Anna , Kuźnar-Kamińska Barbara , Kosicka-Noworzyń Katarzyna , Nowaczewska Kamila , Winiarska Hanna , Popiołek Dominika , Kamiński Filip , Główka Franciszek K.
Published: December 2024

Tryptophan (TRP) is an essential amino acid crucial for the production of many bioactive compounds. Disturbances in TRP metabolism have been revealed in various diseases, many of which are closely related to the immune system. In recent years, we have focused on finding blood-based biomarkers of successful immunotherapy in cancer. Thus, we aimed to develop a robust liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) method for TRP and its metabolites that could be used in biomarker studies. Although analyzing TRP derivatives in biological matrices is not a new topic, we encountered multiple challenges during method development. One of them was the phenomenon of cross-interferences between the analyzed molecules, which has not been explored in most published papers. We noticed that injecting a pure single-compound solution often generated a signal in the other compounds’ MS/MS channels. Specifically, TRP generated unexpected peaks in the channel for kynurenine, kynurenic acid, and xanthurenic acid, while kynurenine generated peaks in the channel for kynurenic acid. We also recorded a mutual cross-talk between kynurenine and isotope-labeled TRP. Different origins of the observed cross-signal contribution were proposed. This paper draws attention to investigating cross-interferences in LC-MS/MS, especially when structurally related compounds will be analyzed. Despite all the challenges, the method was successfully validated according to international guidelines (EMA/ICH), and its applicability was confirmed in a pilot study including 20 patients with lung cancer undergoing chemoimmunotherapy.
Inosine Prevents Colorectal Cancer Progression by Inducing M1 Phenotypic Polarization of Macrophages
Authors: Ma Yuchen , Qian Xiaoli , Yu Qun , Dong Yadan , Wang Jiapeng , Liu Heng , Xiao Huai
Published: December 2024

Inosine (IS) is a naturally occurring metabolite of adenosine with potent immunomodulatory effects. This study investigates the immunomodulatory effects of inosine, particularly its ability to inhibit the development of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells CT26 through modulation of macrophage phenotypes. Aside from the already reported effects of inosine on T cells, in this study, in vitro experiments revealed that inosine could modulate macrophage phenotype. The effects of inosine on the M1/M2 macrophage polarization were investigated at the cellular level. Its role in regulating CRC proliferation and migration was further examined. In addition, a CT26 tumor mouse model was established to assess the mechanism of action of inosine by tumor weight measurement, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence. Inosine significantly increased M1 macrophage markers CD86 and iNOS and enhanced the anti-tumor activity of M1 macrophages, effectively inhibiting CRC progression and metastasis potential. In vivo, inosine had significant tumor inhibitory activity. It also significantly reduced the expression of Ki-67 and promoted the polarization of M1 macrophages.
Enhanced Light Response Performance of Ceria-Based Composites with Rich Oxygen Vacancy
Authors: Li Yanping , Bian Xue , Dong Hui , Chang Hongtao , Wu Wenyuan
Published: December 2024

Increasing the concentration of oxygen vacancies in ceria-based materials to solve the bottleneck of their applications in various fields has always been a research hotspot. In this paper, ceria-based cerium–oxygen–sulfur (Ce-O-S) composites that were composed of CeO2, Ce4O4S3, and Ce2(SO4)3 were synthesized by a precipitation method. The compositional, structural, morphological, and light response characteristics of prepared Ce-O-S composites were investigated by various characterization techniques. The molar ratio of oxygen vacancies to lattice oxygen can reach a maximum of 1.83 with Ce-O-S composites. The band gap values of the Ce-O-S composites were less than 3.00 eV, and the minimum value was 2.89 eV (at pH 12), which successfully extended the light response range from the ultraviolet light region to the short-wave blue light region. The remarkable light response performance of Ce-O-S composites can be mainly attributed to the high proportion of oxygen vacancy. Moreover, the higher proportion of oxygen vacancies can be attributed to the doping of Ce (+3) and S (−2) in the lattice of CeO2, and the synergistic effect of CeO2, Ce4O4S3, and Ce2(SO4)3. Moreover, the ceria-based Ce-O-S composites with rich oxygen vacancy in this research can be applied in light blocking, photocatalysis, and other related fields.
Thiosemicarbazone-Based Compounds: A Promising Scaffold for Developing Antibacterial, Antioxidant, and Anticancer Therapeutics
Authors: Czylkowska Agnieszka , Pitucha Monika , Raducka Anita , Fornal Ewelina , Kordialik-Bogacka Edyta , Ścieszka Sylwia , Smoluch Marek , Burdan Franciszek , Jędrzejec Mateusz , Szymański Paweł
Published: December 2024

This paper presents the synthesis and characterization of new thiosemicarbazone derivatives with potential applications as antibacterial, antioxidant and anticancer agents. Six thiosemicarbazone derivatives (L–L5) were synthesized by reacting an appropriate thiosemicarbazide derivative with 2-pyridinecarboxaldehyde. The structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed using mass spectrometry, infrared spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity was evaluated by using the microdilution method, determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Compound L1 showed the most potent antibacterial activity, especially against Bacillus cereus (MIC 10 mg/L). Molecular docking to topoisomerase II and transcriptional regulator PrfA suggests that the studied compounds can effectively bind to molecular targets recognized in anticancer and antibacterial therapies. An assessment of physicochemical properties (ADME) indicates favorable parameters of the compounds as potential drugs. Compounds L and L2 showed the highest antioxidant activity, surpassing the activity of the Trolox standard. Cytotoxicity against A549 lung cancer cells was evaluated by the MTT assay. Compound L4 exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect on cancer cell survival. The obtained results indicate that the synthesized thiosemicarbazide derivatives, especially L1, L2, and L4, are promising compounds with potential applications as antibacterial and anticancer drugs.
Synthesis and Characterization of Metal Particles Using Malic Acid-Derived Polyamides, Polyhydrazides, and Hydrazides
Authors: Qadir Muhammad Farhan , Ameen Somavia , Fatima Rida , Ullah Nadim , Shazly Gamal A. , Bilal Abu Summama Sadavi , Nazar Mehwish , Sajjad Anoosha , Shah Tawaf Ali , Yang Yukun
Published: December 2024

Malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides exhibit strong potential for a variety of biological applications. This study demonstrates the synthesis of cobalt, silver, copper, zinc, and iron particles by a facile chemical reduction approach utilizing malic acid-derived polyamides, polyhydrazides, and hydrazides as stabilizing and reducing agents. Comprehensive characterization of the particles was performed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, XRD, SEM, and EDX analysis. The synthesized particles included both zero-valent metals and oxides exhibiting mixed-phase compositions that may influence their functional properties. UV–vis analysis confirmed the formation of particles represented by the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peaks specific to each metal particle. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the interaction of the metal particles with the polymer matrix owing to the significant contribution of functional groups in the processes of reduction and stabilization. Further structural insights were obtained via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which identified crystalline phases, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), which demonstrated uniform morphologies. Additionally, energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis provided compositional details, affirming the purity and distribution of metallic elements. These findings highlight the potential of malic acid-derived polymers as versatile agents for nanoparticle synthesis with applications in catalysis, sensing, and biomedical technologies.
Facile Synthesis of Mesoporous NiCo2O4 Nanosheets on Carbon Fibers Cloth as Advanced Electrodes for Asymmetric Supercapacitors
Authors: Zhang Xiang
Published: December 2024

The NiCo2O4 Nanosheets@Carbon fibers composites have been successfully synthesized by a facile co-electrodeposition process. The mesoporous NiCo2O4 nanosheets aligned vertically on the surface of carbon fibers and crosslinked with each other, producing loosely porous nanostructures. These hybrid composite electrodes exhibit high specific capacitance in a three-electrode cell. The asymmetric supercapacitor (NiCo2O4 Nanosheets@Carbon fibers//Graphene oxide) displayed a high specific capacitance of 91 F g−1 and excellent cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 94.5% at 5 A g−1 after 10,000 cycles. The device also achieved a notable energy density of 52 Wh kg−1 coupled with a power density of 3.5 kW kg−1 and a high power density of 7.1 kW kg−1 with an energy density of 21 Wh kg−1. This study shed light on the great potential of this asymmetric device as future supercapacitor.
Magnetocaloric Effect in 3D Gd(III)-Oxalate Coordination Framework
Authors: Lv Fang-Wen , Hong Mei-Xin , Wang Xue-Ting , Tian Haiquan , Wang Chun-Chang , Zheng Xiu-Ying
Published: December 2024

Cryogenic magnetic refrigerants based on the magnetocaloric effect (MCE) hold significant potential as substitutes for the expensive and scarce He-3. Gd(III)-based complexes are considered excellent candidates for low-temperature magnetic refrigerants. We have synthesized a series of Ln(III)-based metal-organic framework (MOF) Ln-3D (Ln = Gd/Dy) by the slow release of oxalates in situ from organic ligands (disodium edetate dehydrate (EDTA-2Na) and thiodiglycolic acid). Structural analysis shows that the Ln-3D is a neutral 3D framework with one-dimensional channels connected by [Ln(H2O)3]3+ as nodes and C2O42− as linkers. Magnetic measurements show that Gd-3D exhibits very weak antiferromagnetic interactions with a maximum −ΔSm value of 36.6 J kg−1 K−1 (−ΔSv = 74.47 mJ cm−3 K−1) at 2 K and 7 T. The −ΔSm value is 28.4 J kg−1 K−1 at 2 K and 3 T, which is much larger than that of commercial Gd3Ga5O12 (GGG), indicating its potential as a low-temperature magnetic refrigerant.
Applications of Au25 Nanoclusters in Photon-Based Cancer Therapies
Authors: Lockwood Zoey A. , Jirousek Michael R. , Basilion James P. , Burda Clemens
Published: December 2024

Atomically precise gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) exhibit unique physical and optical properties, making them highly promising for targeted cancer therapy. Their small size enhances cellular uptake, facilitates rapid distribution to tumor tissues, and minimizes accumulation in non-target organs compared to larger gold nanoparticles. AuNCs, particularly Au25, show significant potential in phototherapy, including photothermal (PTT), photodynamic (PDT), and radiation therapies. These therapies benefit with minimal damage to surrounding healthy tissue. AuNCs also demonstrate excellent stability and biocompatibility, crucial for their effective use in clinical applications. Recent advances in the synthesis and functionalization of AuNCs have further improved their therapeutic efficacy, making them versatile agents for enhancing cancer treatment outcomes. Ongoing research aims to better understand their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and long-term safety, paving the way for their broader application in advanced cancer therapies.
Structural Investigation of Chloride Ion-Containing Acrylate-Based Imidazolium Poly(Ionic Liquid) Homopolymers and Crosslinked Networks: Effect of Alkyl Spacer and N-Alkyl Substituents
Authors: Al-Hussein Mahmoud , Ehrlich Lisa , Pospiech Doris , Uhlmann Petra
Published: December 2024

Understanding the interplay between the molecular structure of the ionic liquid (IL) subunit, the resulting nanostructure and ion transport in polymerized ionic liquids (PILs) is necessary for the realization of high-performance solid-state electrolytes required in various advanced applications. Herein, we present a detailed structural characterization of a recently synthesized series of acrylate-based PIL homopolymers and networks with imidazolium cations and chloride anions with varying alkyl spacer and terminal group lengths designed for organic solid-state batteries based on X-ray scattering. The impact of the concentrations of both the crosslinker and added tetrabutylammonium chloride (TBACl) conducting salt on the structural characteristics is also investigated. The results reveal that the length of both the spacer and terminal group influence the chain packing and, in turn, the nanophase segregation of the polar domains. Long spacers and terminal groups seem to induce denser polar aggregates sandwiched between more compact alkyl spacer and terminal group domains. However, the large inter-backbone spacing achieved seems to limit the ionic conductivity of these PILs. More importantly, our findings show that the previously reported general relationships between the ionic conductivity and the structural parameters of the nanostructure of PILs are not always attainable for different molecular structures of the IL side group.
Peroxidase (POD) Mimicking Activity of Different Types of Poly(ethyleneimine)-Mediated Prussian Blue Nanoparticles
Authors: Gunatilake Udara Bimendra , Pérez-López Briza , Urpi Maria , Prat-Trunas Judit , Carrera-Cardona Gerard , Félix Gautier , Sene Saad , Beaudhuin Mickaël , Dupin Jean-Charles , Allouche Joachim , Guari Yannick , Larionova Joulia , Baldrich Eva
Published: December 2024

Prussian blue nanoparticles (PBNPs) have been identified as a promising candidate for biomimetic peroxidase (POD)-like activity, specifically due to the metal centres (Fe3+/Fe2+) of Prussian blue (PB), which have the potential to function as catalytically active centres. The decoration of PBNPs with desired functional polymers (such as amino- or carboxylate-based) primarily facilitates the subsequent linkage of biomolecules to the nanoparticles for their use in biosensor applications. Thus, the elucidation of the catalytic POD mimicry of these systems is of significant scientific interest but has not been investigated in depth yet. In this report, we studied a series of poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI)-mediated PBNPs (PB/PEI NPs) prepared using various synthesis protocols. The resulting range of particles with varying size (~19–92 nm) and shape combinations were characterised in order to gain insights into their physicochemical properties. The POD-like nanozyme activity of these nanoparticles was then investigated by utilising a 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB)/H2O2 system, with the catalytic performance of the natural enzyme horseradish peroxidase (HRP) serving as a point of comparison. It was shown that most PB/PEI NPs displayed higher catalytic activity than the PBNPs, with higher activity observed in particles of smaller size, higher Fe content, and higher Fe2+/Fe3+ ratio. Furthermore, the nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced chemical stability in the presence of acid, sodium azide, or high concentrations of H2O2 when compared to HRP, confirming the viability of PB/PEI NPs as a promising nanozymatic material. This study disseminates fundamental knowledge on PB/PEI NPs and their POD-like activities, which will facilitate the selection of an appropriate particle type for future biosensor applications.
Graphitic Carbon Nitride for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production from Water Splitting: Nano-Morphological Control and Electronic Band Tailoring
Authors: Fan Yongbo , Chang Xinye , Wang Weijia , Fan Huiqing
Published: December 2024

Semiconductor polymeric graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) photocatalysts have garnered significant and rapidly increasing interest in the realm of visible light-driven hydrogen evolution reactions. This interest stems from their straightforward synthesis, ease of functionalization, appealing electronic band structure, high physicochemical and thermal stability, and robust photocatalytic activity. This review starts with the basic principle of photocatalysis and the development history, synthetic strategy, and structural properties of g-C3N4 materials, followed by the rational design and engineering of g-C3N4 from the perspectives of nano-morphological control and electronic band tailoring. Some representative results, including experimental and theoretical calculations, are listed to show the advantages of optimizing the above two characteristics for performance improvement in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution from water splitting. The existing opportunities and challenges of g-C3N4 photocatalysts are outlined to illuminate the developmental trajectory of this field. This paper provides guidance for the preparation of g-C3N4 and to better understand the current state of the art for future research directions.
Renal Outcomes and Other Adverse Effects of Cannabinoid Supplementation
Authors: Młynarska Ewelina , Kustosik Natalia , Mejza Maja , Łysoń Zuzanna , Delebis Dawid , Orliński Jakub , Rysz Jacek , Franczyk Beata
Published: December 2024

This narrative review explores the benefits and risks of cannabinoids in kidney health, particularly in individuals with pre-existing renal conditions. It discusses the roles of cannabinoid receptor ligands (phytocannabinoids, synthetic cannabinoids, and endocannabinoids) in kidney physiology. The metabolism and excretion of these substances are also highlighted, with partial elimination occurring via the kidneys. The effects of cannabinoids on kidney function are examined, emphasizing both their potential to offer nephroprotection and the risks they may pose, such as cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome and ischemia-reperfusion injury. These complexities underscore the intricate interactions between cannabinoids and renal health. Furthermore, this review highlights the association between chronic synthetic cannabinoid use and acute kidney injury, stressing the need for further research into their mechanisms and risks. This article also highlights the growing prevalence of edible cannabis and hemp seed consumption, emphasizing their nutritional benefits, legal regulations, and challenges such as inconsistent labeling, potential health risks, and implications for kidney health. The review delves into the roles of CB1 and CB2 receptors in diabetic nephropathy, chronic kidney disease, and obesity-related kidney dysfunction, discussing the therapeutic potential of CB2 agonists and CB1 antagonists. Additionally, it examines the potential diuretic and anti-inflammatory effects of cannabinoids in preventing kidney stones, suggesting that cannabinoids could reduce crystal retention and lower the risk of stone formation. Cannabinoids’ effects on kidneys depend heavily on the characteristics of individual substances, as synthetic cannabinoids pose a major threat to the health of users. Cannabinoids offer therapeutic potential but require more research to confirm their benefits. Distinguishing between therapeutic cannabinoids and harmful synthetic variants is crucial for safe clinical application.
Nutritional Dermatology: Optimizing Dietary Choices for Skin Health
Authors: Assaf Sandi , Kelly Owen
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Youthful, smooth skin is highly desired in modern society. Individuals invest in cosmetics, plastic surgeons, and dermatologists in pursuit of perfect skin. However, many do not seek out dietary changes to improve skin health. Although research has been conducted on the role of nutrition and select nutrients and phytonutrients on skin health, there is a lack of healthy food recommendations for clear skin. Methods: The literature was assessed to determine which nutrients and phytonutrients play a significant role in the protection and maintenance of skin health. Key compounds were highlighted as there is evidence to suggest they have a significant role in skin health: vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin D, vitamin E, zinc, omega-6 and omega-3 fatty acids, polyphenols/flavonoids, copper, selenium, and silicon. USDA FoodData Central and FooDB (food database), were utilized to select foods and food groups containing the key nutrients and phytonutrients. Results: A skin-healthy dietary pattern is proposed in addition to a scoring system to assess diet. A sample skin-healthy daily diet was designed, using only whole foods, that met the Daily Values for vitamins and minerals and contained key compounds for skin health. Conclusions: There is a clear link between nutrition and skin health, or nutritional dermatology; however, more research needs to be done to find the intersection between both disciplines.