bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort: A Longitudinal, Multicentric, Observational Cohort to Study Course and Causes of Kidney Stone Disease in Switzerland
Authors: Bonny Olivier , Fuster Daniel , Seeger Harald , Ernandez Thomas , Buchkremer Florian , Wuerzner Gregoire , Dhayat Nasser , Ritter Alexander , Stoermann Catherine , Segerer Stephan , Häusermann Tanja , Pasch Andreas , Kim Minjeong , Mayr Michael , Krapf Reto , Roth Beat , Bochud Murielle , Mohebbi Nilufar , Wagner Carsten A.
Published: February 2023

Background: Kidney stone disease has a high prevalence worldwide of approximately 10% of the population and is characterized by a high recurrence rate. Kidney stone disease results from a combination of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle risk factors, and the dissection of these factors is complex. Methods: The Swiss Kidney Stone Cohort (SKSC) is an investigator-initiated prospective, multicentric longitudinal, observational study in patients with kidney stones followed with regular visits over a period of 3 years after inclusion. Ongoing follow-ups by biannual telephone interviews will provide long-term outcome data. SKSC comprises 782 adult patients (age >18 years) with either recurrent stones or a single stone event with at least one risk factor for recurrence. In addition, a control cohort of 207 individuals without kidney stone history and absence of kidney stones on a low-dose CT scan at enrolment has also been recruited. SKSC includes extensive collections of clinical data, biochemical data in blood and 24-h urine samples, and genetic data. Biosamples are stored at a dedicated biobank. Information on diet and dietary habits was collected through food frequency questionnaires and standardized recall interviews by trained dieticians with the Globodiet software. Conclusion: SKSC provides a unique opportunity and resource to further study cause and course of kidney disease in a large population with data and samples collected of a homogeneous collective of patients throughout the whole Swiss population.
Characteristics and Graft Outcomes of Kidney Transplant Candidates with Enteric Risk Factors and Elevated Plasma Oxalate Levels
Authors: Khan Daniel , Zhang Nan , Abu Jawdeh Bassam G. , Swaminathan Sundararaman , Nair Sumi , Keddis Mira T.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: This study describes patient characteristics and examines graft function of kidney transplant recipients (without primary hyperoxaluria) with elevated plasma oxalate (POx) and enteric risk factors prior to transplant at our institution. Methods: Kidney transplant recipients between 2012 and 2020 with elevated POx at the time of kidney transplant evaluation were included. A matched control cohort was gathered using patient/donor age, living/deceased donor type, panel reactive antibody, kidney donor profile index, and human leukocyte antigen mismatch as matching variables. Graft function at 1 year and at last follow-up was reported. Results: A total of 106 patients with elevated POx were identified. A third of the patients had Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, a third had other enteric risks, and a third did not have an identifiable enteric risk. Median eGFR (estimated glomerular filtration rate) at 1 year and at last follow-up was similar between cases and controls except for subgroup of patients with pre-transplant POx >30 µmol/L where 1-year eGFR was lower compared to controls. Across eGFR categories, more cases were in eGFR category <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 compared to controls. Conclusion: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is the most common identifiable risk for elevated POx in kidney transplant candidates. 1-year graft function was not inferior in cases compared to matched controls except for subgroup with POx >30 µmol/L pre-transplant.
Aberrant Dendritic Cell Subsets in Patients with Myasthenia Gravis and Related Clinical Features
Authors: Song Yan , Xing Chunye , Lu Tianyang , Liu Chen , Wang Wei , Wang Shaoqiang , Feng Xungang , Bi Jianzhong , Wang Qian , Lai Chao
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Dendritic cells (DCs) play critical roles in the pathogenesis of myasthenia gravis (MG), and a series of DC-based experimental strategies for MG have recently been developed. However, the definite roles of different DC subsets in the mechanism of MG have scarcely been covered by previous studies. The present study aimed to investigate the levels of three main DC subsets, plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs) (CD303 positive) and two distinct subsets of conventional DCs (cDCs), namely CD1c+ cDCs and CD141+ cDCs, in MG patients and analyze related clinical features. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2020, 160 newly diagnosed MG patients and matched healthy controls (n = 160) were included in the study, and their clinical data were collected. The blood samples from MG patients before treatment and controls were collected for flow cytometry analysis. A total of 14 MG thymoma, 24 control thymoma, and 3 thymic cysts were used to immunostain the DC subsets. Results: The flow cytometry analysis showed a significantly higher frequency of circulating pDCs, CD1c+ cDCs, and CD141+ cDCs in MG patients than in healthy controls (p < 0.001 for all). Patients with early-onset MG (<50 years old) had a lower frequency of circulating pDCs but a higher frequency of circulating CD1c+ cDCs than those with late-onset MG (≥50 years old) (p = 0.014 and p = 0.025, respectively). The frequency of circulating pDCs was positively associated with the clinical severity of late-onset MG patients (r = 0.613, p < 0.001). 64.3% (9/14) of MG thymoma is of type B2 under the World Health Organization classification, which is higher than that in control thymoma (33.3%, 8/24) (p = 0.019). For type B2 thymoma, there were significantly more pDCs but fewer CD1c+ cDCs in MG thymoma than in the controls. Conclusion: The distribution of aberrant pDCs, CD1c+ cDCs, and CD141+ cDCs in MG patients displayed age- and thymoma-related differences, which may contribute to the impaired immune tolerance and lead to the onset of MG.
Delayed Migration of Onyx Embolic Agent after Preoperative Embolization of an Arteriovenous Malformation in a Pediatric Patient: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nussbaum Bailey R. , Graupman Patrick , Torok Collin M. , Yesavage Tiffany A. , Nussbaum Eric S.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) are increasingly being treated with Onyx liquid embolic agent (Onyx, Medtronic, Inc.). The phenomenon of delayed Onyx migration is not well documented in the literature. Moreover, the clinical presentation associated with Onyx migration is not well understood. Case Presentation: A pediatric patient with a history of neonatal seizures was referred to our institution upon experiencing daily headaches with photophobia, phonophobia, and sleep disturbance. Cerebral angiography revealed an AVM of the medial left cerebellar hemisphere. Preoperative embolization with Onyx liquid embolic achieved 25% closure of the AVM nidus. Upon developing worsening headaches the following day, new perinidal parenchymal edema was revealed on MRI, and urgent angiography demonstrated delayed migration of Onyx into the venous drainage. The patient underwent emergency resection of the AVM due to the risk of hemorrhage resulting from venous outflow obstruction. Conclusion: Our report and literature review demonstrate that while the delayed, unexpected migration of Onyx embolic material has been alluded to in a handful of papers, this phenomenon is not well documented. Future research is needed to understand the frequency of delayed Onyx migration from brain AVMs and the possible clinical presentations to look for. The sudden development of headaches and other signs of perilesional edema, in particular, should prompt repeat angiographic examination due to the possibility of delayed liquid embolic migration.
Rhabdomyolysis: A Rare Presentation of Hashimoto Thyroiditis in an Adolescent Boy and Review of the Literature
Authors: Saroufim Rita , Alkotob Shifaa , Eugster Erica A.
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Hypothyroidism-induced rhabdomyolysis without precipitating factors is extremely rare, particularly in pediatric patients. We describe a previously healthy adolescent boy who came to our institution with vague symptoms and was found to have rhabdomyolysis secondary to hypothyroidism due to Hashimoto thyroiditis. We also summarize previously published cases in children and adolescents. Case Presentation: A 16-year-old boy presented to the emergency department at Riley Hospital for Children with a 2-week history of bilateral eye and lip swelling, fatigue, and slowing of speech initially attributed to angioedema. His laboratory studies were significant for acute kidney injury secondary to rhabdomyolysis. Additional evaluation revealed profound primary hypothyroidism and positive TPO antibodies. Although his free T4 was undetectable, his TSH was only 32.2 mcU/mL. He received IV hydration and thyroid replacement, and his symptoms improved after several months of treatment. Discussion: Rhabdomyolysis without any risk factors is very rare, especially in children. Our patient was not on any medications, had no family history of neuromuscular disorders, and no history of trauma, infection, or strenuous exercise. The reason behind the disproportionately mild elevation of TSH in the setting of an undetectable free T4 is unclear. Conclusion: It is important for clinicians to be aware that rhabdomyolysis may be a presenting sign of severe hypothyroidism, as delay in diagnosis and treatment can be detrimental.
Otimização lumínica e sanitária de espaços de ensino baseada em algoritmo de otimização multi-objetivo
Authors: Barros Natalia Nakamura , Shibata Érika Mayumi
Published: February 2023

A pandemia da Covid-19 trouxe uma série de reflexões acerca das condições sanitárias dos ambientes de permanência prolongada. Escolas, escritórios, hospitais etc., tiveram que se readequar a fim não só de evitar a proliferação do vírus e de novas doenças, mas também de trazer um maior conforto e bem-estar ao usuário da edificação. O principal objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o potencial uso do algoritmo de otimização multi-objetivo para otimização do layout de espaços institucionais de ensino, considerando a incidência solar interna e o distanciamento social preconizado pela OMS. O método utilizado foi desenvolvimento experimental em seis etapas: (i) pesquisa bibliográfica; (ii) definição dos ambientes e parâmetros a serem analisados; (iii) desenvolvimento dos modelos; (iv) simulação computacional; (v) otimização multi-objetivo; e (vi) análise dos resultados. A modelagem dos ambientes e carteiras foi realizada no software Rhinoceros através do plug-in Grasshopper, as simulações de incidência solar interna foram realizadas com o Honeybee, e o algoritmo de otimização multi-objetivo foi aplicado com o Wallacei. Este estudo pode oferecer uma nova metodologia de desenvolvimento e estudo de projetos de forma mais diligente não apenas para projetos convencionais mas também em episódios de crises que implicam em respostas rápidas e seguras por parte dos projetistas.
Prospective Validation of Computed Tomography to Identify Patients at High Risk for Stroke After Transient Ischemic Attack or Minor Stroke
Authors: Ferguson Emma , Yadav Krishan , Sharma Mukul , Sivilotti Marco L.A. , Émond Marcel , Stiell Ian G. , Stotts Grant , Lee Jacques S. , Worster Andrew , Morris Judy , Cheung Ka Wai , Jin Albert Y. , Oczkowski Wieslaw J. , Sahlas Demetrios J. , Murray Heather E. , Mackey Ariane , Verreault Steve , Camden Marie-Christine , Yip Samuel , Teal Philip , Gladstone David J. , Boulos Mark I. , Chagnon Nicolas , Shouldice Elizabeth , Atzema Clare , Slaoui Tarik , Teitelbaum Jeanne , Nemnom Marie-Joe , Wells George A. , Nath Avik , Perry Jeffrey J.
Published: February 2023

Background:

Computed tomography (CT) findings of acute and chronic ischemia are associated with subsequent stroke risk in patients with transient ischemic attack. We sought to validate these associations in a large prospective cohort of patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke.

Methods:

This prospective cohort study enrolled emergency department patients from 13 hospitals with transient ischemic attack who had CT imaging. Primary outcome was stroke within 90 days. Secondary outcomes were stroke within 2 or 7 days. CT findings were abstracted from radiology reports and classified for the presence of acute ischemia, chronic ischemia, or microangiopathy. Multivariable logistic regression was used to test associations with primary and secondary end points.

Results:

From 8670 prospectively enrolled patients between May 2010 and May 2017, 8382 had a CT within 24 hours. From this total population, 4547 (54%) patients had evidence of acute ischemia, chronic ischemia, or microangiopathy on CT, of whom 175 had a subsequent stroke within 90 days (3.8% subsequent stroke rate; adjusted odds ratio [aOR], 2.33 [95% CI, 1.62–3.36]). This was in comparison to those with CT imaging without ischemia. Findings associated with an increased risk of stroke at 90 days were isolated acute ischemia (6.0%; aOR, 2.42 [95% CI, 1.03–5.66]), acute ischemia with microangiopathy (10.7%; aOR, 3.34 [95% CI, 1.57–7.14]), chronic ischemia with microangiopathy (5.2%; aOR, 1.83 [95% CI, 1.34–2.50]), and acute ischemia with chronic ischemia and microangiopathy (10.9%; aOR, 3.49 [95% CI, 1.54–7.91]). Acute ischemia with chronic ischemia and microangiopathy were most strongly associated with subsequent stroke within 2 days (aOR, 4.36 [95% CI, 1.31–14.54]) and 7 days (aOR, 4.50 [95% CI, 1.73–11.69]).

Conclusions:

In patients with transient ischemic attack or minor stroke, CT evidence of acute ischemia with chronic ischemia or microangiopathy significantly increases the risk of subsequent stroke within 90 days of index visit. The combination of all 3 findings results in the greatest early risk.
Taxonomical remarks on Solenopsis laurentia (Campanulaceae) in Italy
Authors: BRULLO SALVATORE , BRULLO CRISTIAN , CAMBRIA SALVATORE , MINISSALE PIETRO , SCIANDRELLO SAVERIO , SIRACUSA GIUSEPPE , TAVILLA GIANMARCO , TOMASELLI VALERIA , DEL GALDO GIANPIETRO GIUSSO
Published: February 2023

Based on herbarium and field investigations, the taxonomic status of Solenopsis laurentia (Campanulaceae), hygrophilous species belonging to the subfam. Lobelioideae showing a Mediterranean distribution is here examined. According to literature, it can be considered as a species complex, within which several taxa at specific and infraspecific rank were described. Morphological and nomenclatural studies carried out on several living populations coming from many Italian localities allowed to recognize five subspecies. For each of them, a detailed description, iconography, micromorphology of the seed testa and pollen grains, taxonomical relationships, chorology, conservation status and nomenclatural notes are provided. The recognized subspecies of Solenopsis laurentia are the following: a) subsp. laurentia, which is the most widespread in Italy and also in the Mediterranean area; b) subsp. gasparrinii (Tineo) comb. nov., which is quite common in Sicily with scattered occurrence in other Mediterranean localities; c) subsp. caespitosa Brullo, it seems currently localized in Apulia and Sardinia; d) subsp. parvula Brullo, occurring in some localities of the Italian peninsula, Sardinia and Tunisia; e) subsp. hyblaea, described as new for science from Sicily with a punctiform distribution.
The Influence of Soil Moisture on the Historic 2021 Pacific Northwest Heatwave
Authors: Conrick Robert , Mass Clifford F.
Published: February 2023

During late June 2021, a record-breaking heatwave impacted western North America, with all-time high temperatures reported across Washington, Oregon, British Columbia, and Alberta. The heatwave was forced by a highly anomalous upper-level ridge, strong synoptic-scale subsidence, and downslope flow resulting in lower-tropospheric adiabatic warming. This study examines the impact of antecedent soil moisture on this extreme heat event. During the cool season of 2020/21, precipitation over the Pacific Northwest was above or near normal, followed by a dry spring that desiccated soils to 50%–75% of normal moisture content by early June. Low surface soil moisture affects the surface energy balance by altering the partitioning between sensible and latent heat fluxes, resulting in warmer temperatures. Using numerical model simulations of the heatwave, this study demonstrates that surface air temperatures were warmed by an average of 0.48°C as a result of dry soil moisture conditions, compared to a high-temperature anomaly of 10°–20°C during the event. Air temperatures over eastern Washington and southern British Columbia were most sensitive to soil moisture anomalies, with 0000 UTC temperature anomalies ranging from 1.2° to 2.2°C. Trajectory analysis indicated that rapid subsidence of elevated parcels prevented air parcels from being affected by surface heat fluxes over a prolonged period of time, resulting in a relatively small temperature sensitivity to soil moisture. Changes to soil moisture also altered regional pressure, low-level wind, and geopotential heights, as well as modified the marine air intrusion along the Pacific coast of Washington and Oregon.

Significance Statement

The record-breaking western North American heatwave of late June 2021 was preceded by below-normal soil moisture over the region. This study evaluates the role of soil moisture on the 2021 heatwave, demonstrating that the anomalous temperatures during this extreme event were not significantly increased by below-normal soil moisture.
Transgender Dehumanization and Mental Health: Microaggressions, Sexual Objectification, and Shame
Authors: Cascalheira Cory Jacob , Choi Na-Yeun
Published: February 2023

Using structural equation modeling in a national, nonprobabilistic sample of 292 transgender women and men, this project extends the pantheoretical dehumanization framework by testing direct and indirect relations between dehumanization (i.e., a higher-order construct from experiences of transgender microaggressions and sexual objectification), internalization processes (i.e., internalized transnegativity, self-objectification), shame, and general mental health. The model explained 55% of the variance in general mental health. Direct relations between dehumanization and all internalization processes were positive and significant. Internalized transnegativity and shame were significant, negative, direct predictors of mental health, but neither dehumanization nor self-objectification were significant direct predictors of transgender mental health. Both self-objectification and internalized transnegativity directly predicted more feelings of shame. However, only shame yielded a significant indirect pathway from dehumanization to mental health. The indirect relations from self-objectification and internalized transnegativity to mental health through shame were significant. We discuss research, advocacy, and clinical implications.
The Next Generation of Quality Indicators for Group Design Research in Special Education
Authors: Toste Jessica R. , Logan Jessica A. R. , Shogren Karrie A. , Boyd Brian A.
Published: February 2023

Group design research studies can provide evidence to draw conclusions about what works, for whom, and under what conditions in special education. The quality indicators introduced by Gersten and colleagues (2005) have contributed to increased rigor in group design research, which has provided substantial evidence about what works across various content areas. However, there is a need to more fully understand the range of effects within studies and individual differences in treatment response. In this article, we identify contemporary considerations for group design research in special education. First, we propose an expanded set of quality indicators that broaden our lens of inquiry to promote understanding of for whom and under what conditions interventions, programs, and practices are more or less effective. Next, we introduce new quality indicators to further methodological rigor in using open science practices. We recommend that researchers consider the full set of quality indicators and document their decision-making related to the design, implementation, and analysis of group design research. These efforts can generate new scientific knowledge with the potential to advance equity and inclusion of students with disabilities.
Diagnosis and fault tolerant control against actuator fault for a class of hybrid dynamic systems
Authors: Salwa Yahia , Saida Bedoui , Abderrahim Kamel
Published: February 2023

Over the past few decades, there have been increasing research activities in fault diagnosis (FD) and fault-tolerant control (FTC) for switched hybrid systems. This paper addresses the problem of active-fault tolerant control (AFTC) for switched hybrid systems subject to actuator faults to enhance system security and keep system stability. The proposed FTC is designed by adding the state feedback control with integral action to an additive control law which requires accurate fault estimation to compensate for the fault effect. Thus, a data-based projection method (DPM) is extended (EDPM) based on inputs and outputs measures to estimate the fault without using mathematical models. The synthesis of the state feedback control with integral action is proposed for recovering the desired performances. It integrates a set of controllers corresponding to a set of partial models to design a set of switching control laws. Indeed, new linear matrix inequalities (LMIs) using Lyapunov stability analysis are proposed to find the optimal values of the control gains matrices and keeping system stability. A comparative study of the proposed FTC with existing work is given to show the effectiveness of the proposed technique.
Relationship Between Attachment and Fear of Death: The Mediating Role of Religious Coping
Authors: Bulut Meryem Berrin
Published: February 2023

In this research, the link between attachment, religious coping, and fear of death were examined in a sample of 224 Turkish Muslim adults. Data were gathered by Experiences in Close Relationship Scale, Religious Coping Scale, and Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure. Positive religious coping was adversely related to avoidant and anxious attachments. When compared to anxious attachment, which was positively related to both negative religious coping and fear of death, avoidant attachment was not correlated with any of these variables. Fear of death correlated positively with negative religious coping. Furthermore, the link between anxious attachment and fear of death was partially mediated by negative religious coping. Findings imply that negative religious coping is important in the relationship between fear of death and anxious attachment.
Spatialising degrowth in Southern cities: Everyday park-making for (un)commoning
Authors: Anantharaman Manisha , Sahakian Marlyne , Saloma Czarina
Published: February 2023

Answering the call in this special issue to spatialise degrowth studies beyond the Global North, this paper examines practices of ‘park-making’ in Chennai and Metro Manila as a potential degrowth pathway. Parks in the coastal mega cities of Metro Manila and Chennai can be seen as relics of a colonial era, and spaces coherent with capitalist, growth-oriented and consumerist logics. At the same time, however, they become spaces that prefigure alternative ways of organising social life in the city based upon values of conviviality, care and sharing. Using qualitative methods of analysis, this paper examines what practices people engage with to satisfy their everyday needs in parks, but also the dynamics of exclusion and contestation that play out in these spaces. In doing so, we evaluate when and under what conditions park-making supports practices of de-growth and commoning beyond consumerist culture. Both commoning and uncommoning practices are detailed, revealing the role of provisioning systems that lead to the satisfaction of needs for some at the expense of others. Further, writing from cities that are highly unequal, and where the basic needs of many are yet to be met, we assert that understanding how degrowth manifests in these contexts can only be revealed through a situated urban political ecology approach. Spatialising degrowth in cities of the Global South should start with a focus on everyday practices, study power relationally and explore the scope for a radical incrementalism.
Industry-research fronts – Private sector collaboration with research institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean
Authors: Cortés Julián D
Published: February 2023

In which research fields is industry involved with research institutions in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC)? To shed light on this question, we applied bibliographic coupling to 13,000+ research articles and 500,000+ references indexed in Scopus for 1996–2021 as a means of determining the research fronts in which LAC-based research institutions collaborated with knowledge-intensive companies. Fields with higher betweenness centrality were those multidisciplinary, followed by physical (e.g. computer science applications), life (e.g. genetics), health (e.g. public health, environmental and occupational health) and social sciences and humanities (e.g. strategy and management). Furthermore, the period-by-period analysis unveiled a focused venturing into the physical sciences from 1996 to 2002. However, from the 2003–2021 periods, the new fields explored were mainly in the social sciences and humanities. Finally, we identified several unexplored research fronts, particularly in health (e.g. care planning) and the social sciences and humanities (e.g. demography).
The health and economic burden associated with sugar-sweetened beverage consumption in Trinidad and Tobago
Authors: La Foucade Althea , Laptiste Christine , Alcaraz Andrea , Theodore Karl , Cumberbatch Anton , Gittens-Baynes Kimberly-Ann , Beharry Vyjanti , Gabriel Samuel , Metivier Charmaine , Edwards-Wescott Patricia , Bethelmie Don
Published: February 2023

Background

In Trinidad and Tobago, non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of death. Unhealthy diet is one modifiable NCD risk factor, which contributes to the NCD burden. The consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) has been associated with an increased risk of NCDs.

Aim

The aim of this paper is to estimate the burden of disease and economic costs associated with the consumption of SSBs in Trinidad and Tobago as evidence to support the implementation of health and fiscal policies on SSB consumption.

Methods

The results of this study were obtained through the use of a mathematical model which used a comparative risk assessment approach to estimate the health and economic burden associated with SSB intake, by sex and age.

Results

Estimates for one year showed that SSB consumption was associated with approximately 15,000 cases of overweight and obesity in adults and 11,700 cases in children, 28% of all the cases of diabetes and overall, an estimated 387 deaths and 9000 years of healthy life were lost due to premature death and disability. Approximately US$23.1 million was spent in the public healthcare system to treat diseases associated with consumption of sugary beverages.

Conclusions

The consumption of SSBs is associated with increases in diseases, deaths and rising healthcare costs in Trinidad and Tobago. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide an added rationale and impetus for the implementation of policies to reduce the consumption of SSBs.
Role of optimization and soft-computing techniques in the design and development of futuristic Savonius wind turbine blades: A review
Authors: Mohan Man , Alom Nur , Saha Ujjwal K
Published: February 2023

The use of metropolitan wind power by small-scale wind turbines has become an emerging technique to reduce the battle among growing energy needs. However, the available technical designs are not yet adequate to develop a reliable and distributed wind energy converter for low wind speed conditions. The Savonius wind turbine rotor, or simply Savonius rotor, seems to be particularly promising for such conditions, however, it suffers from low power coefficient. The blade profile/shape is an important aspect of designing the Savonius rotor. In this context, the use of optimization techniques (OTs) along with soft-computing techniques (SCTs) can significantly help to arrive at the intended design parameters. The selection of rotor blades developed through OTs and SCTs can significantly improve the rotor performance. This review study aims to summarize the OTs and SCTs used till date in the blade design of Savonius rotors.
Tissue Regrowth and Its Vascularization Through Bone Marrow Stimulation: Microfracture at the Acetabular Rim for Irreparable Labral Tear in a Porcine Model
Authors: Su Tiao , Ao Yunong , Yang Liu , Chen Guang-xing
Published: February 2023

Background:

The treatment of irreparable acetabular labral tear remains a great challenge. Whether fibrocartilage-like tissue can regrow with sufficient volume to fill the labral defect area through bone marrow stimulation remains unknown.

Purpose:

To characterize the healing process and vascularization course of the regrown tissue after microfracture at the acetabular rim for irreparable labral tears in a porcine model.

Study Design:

Descriptive laboratory study.

Methods:

Twelve pigs randomly underwent unilateral microfracture at the acetabular rim after the resection of a 10 mm–long section of labrum from 10 to 1 o’clock. Pigs were randomly sacrificed at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively. The regrown tissues were harvested for macroscopic evaluation and histologic assessment. The regrown tissue was zoned into 2 halves to observe the vascular distribution: the capsular half (zone I) and the articular half (zone II). Each zone was divided into 2 parts: the peripheral part (IA and IIA) and the part attached to the acetabulum (IB and IIB).

Results:

At 6 weeks, all regrown tissue was hypotrophic with <50% filling of the labral defect. Fibrochondrocytes were concentrated at the interface between the acetabulum and the regrown tissue. The vascularization was equal among each part within the regrown tissue. As compared with regrown tissue at 12 weeks, proteoglycan and collagen type 1 and 2 were more evident within the regrown tissue at 6 weeks. At 12 weeks, tissue disintegration occurred in all regrown tissue with <25% filling of the labral defect area. The vascular structure could barely be observed, with few fibrochondrocytes found at the area adjacent to the acetabulum.

Conclusion:

Fibrocartilage-like tissue did regrow with well-distributed vascular ingrowth of each part of the regrown tissue through bone marrow stimulation at the early stage. However, insufficient volume of the regrown tissue led to loss of the hip suction seal and subsequent tissue disintegration.

Clinical Relevance:

Microfracture at the rim of the acetabulum alone could not restore the morphology and function of the acetabular labrum. Nonetheless, microfracture at the acetabular rim might be a viable adjunct to labral reconstruction, as the well-distributed vascularization through bone marrow stimulation might overcome the obstacle of poor vascular ingrowth of the articular half of the autograft.
Midlife Transition Experiences of South Asian Immigrant Women in Canada: A Qualitative Exploration
Authors: Zou Ping , Alam Arzoo , Shao Jing , Luo Yan , Huang Yanjin , Zhang Hui , Wang Wei , Sidani Souraya
Published: February 2023

Background

South Asians make up a significant portion of the immigrant population in Canada, and a large portion of them are in their midlife. To improve the midlife transition of South Asian immigrant women, it is necessary to understand their lived experiences.

Purpose

Guided by the transition theory, this study investigates the midlife experiences of South Asian immigrant women in Canada.

Methods

Twenty-two South Asian midlife, immigrant women were recruited to participate in this study from the Greater Toronto Area, Ontario, Canada. This study consisted of one asynchronous online focus group with 12 participants and ten one-on-one telephone interviews. Qualitative content analysis was guided by transition theory.

Results

South Asian immigrant women experienced many different transitions in their midlife in Canada. These transitions included changes in their (a) lifestyle, (b) career, (c) family, (d) physical health, (e) mental health, (f) social, (g) environment, and (h) personal development. Women actively managed their transitions using strategies such as exercise, socialization, counseling, and religion. Women expressed the need for social, community, and governmental support to facilitate their midlife transitions.

Conclusion

To promote healthy midlife transition, governments need to create better employment policies to facilitate immigrant women settlement, transferring skills, and re-employment in Canada. In addition, health care and community services to promote physical and mental health should be emphasized.
Reflections on the Ethical Possibilities and Limitations of Abolitionist Praxis in Social Work
Authors: Murray Bethany Jo , Copeland Victoria , Dettlaff Alan J.
Published: February 2023

Since 2020, blatant forms of state violence within the United States have reignited attention in the field of social work, where numerous calls have been made to realign and reconsider our standing ethical values and principles. Individually, social workers are beginning to reckon with the field's role within the carceral ecosystem and reimagining practice outside the confines of the carceral state. Institutionally, however, social work's professional organizations have reacted in contradictory ways. The National Association of Social Workers (NASW) in particular has been overtly inconsistent; touting support for racial justice while also broadcasting long-standing support for and partnerships with police. Furthermore, the NASW purportedly upholds a set of professional ethics and values that center social justice while also supporting tactics that surveil and criminalize marginalized communities. This disconnect between espoused ethics and actuality of practice undermines the professional legitimacy of social work. The profession must either acknowledge the current Code of Ethics as performative or take action to bring practice into alignment with professed ethics that affirm abolitionist practices. Using institutional social work statements, this article presents a conceptual exploration of the ethical potentials and limitations of abolitionist praxis in social work, culminating with a call to action.
Textual Indicators of Deliberative Dialogue: A Systematic Review of Methods for Studying the Quality of Online Dialogues
Authors: Goddard Alex , Gillespie Alex
Published: February 2023

High-quality online dialogues help sustain democracy. Deliberative theory, which predates the internet, provides the primary model for assessing the quality of online dialogues. It conceptualizes high-quality online dialogue as civil, rational, constructive, equal, interactive, and for the common good. More recently, advances in computation have driven an upsurge of empirical studies using automated methods for operationalizing online dialogue and measuring its quality. While related in their aims, deliberative theory and the wider empirical literature generally operate independently. To bridge the gap between the two literatures, we introduce Textual Indicators of Deliberative Dialogue (TIDDs). TIDDs are defined as text-based measures of online dialogue quality under a deliberative model (e.g., disagreement, incivility, and justifications). In this study, we identified 123 TIDDs by systematically reviewing 67 empirical studies of online dialogue. We found them to have mid-low reliability, low criterion validity, and high construct validity for measuring two deliberative dimensions (civility and rationality). Our results highlight the limitations of deliberative theory for conceptualizing the variety of ways online dialogues can be operationalized. We report the most promising TIDDs for measuring the quality of online dialogue and suggest deliberative theory would benefit from altering its models in line with the broader empirical literature.
A three-time-scale dual extended Kalman filtering for parameter and state estimation of Li-ion battery
Authors: Zhu Mengyu , Qian Kangfeng , Liu Xintian
Published: February 2023

Estimation of battery state and parameters play an important role in electric vehicle battery management system (BMS). Second-order RC model is applied, the initial parameters of battery model are determined by experiments. Data points of open circuit voltage and state of charge (OCV-SOC) are determined by experiment. Different function forms are used to fit the OCV-SOC discrete points, and the function form with great fitting effect is selected as the OCV-SOC fitting form. Dual extended Kalman filter which is divided into Parameter filter and state filter is applied. Battery state in state filter is a fast-time-varying parameter, The battery model parameters in parameter filter are divided into two parts. the battery model parameters are classified according to the influence of each parameter on the terminal voltage. A longer sampling time is applied to the parameters that have a strong impact on the terminal voltage, and a longest sampling time is applied to the parameters that have a weak impact on the terminal voltage. The time-scale classification method is validated both quantitatively and qualitatively. Compared with the previous methods, the three-time-scale classification method can reduce the number of parameter updates.
Adaptive control of hypersonic vehicles using intelligent allocation
Authors: An Hao , Guo Ziyi , Zhang Xueqing , Wang Yiming , Wang Changhong
Published: February 2023

This paper proposes an intelligent allocation-based adaptive controller for the longitudinal motion of air-breathing hypersonic vehicles (AHVs). A control-allocation (CA) module is developed to deal with composite actuator servo constraints that have usually been neglected in existing AHV control works. This CA process is realized with the help of the recent deep deterministic policy gradient algorithm without involving any online optimization. In the followed adaptive controller design, several auxiliary signals are constructed to compensate for the possible CA error, while adaptive super-twist differentiators are employed to fast estimate the lumped effect of uncertain aerodynamic coefficients and unknown external disturbances. As a result, the adaptive control algorithm only needs three parameter updating laws, whose dimension is much lower than traditional adaptive control strategies for AHVs. Simulations are provided to verify the proposed intelligent allocation-based adaptive controller.
Virtual holonomic constraints based super twisting sliding mode control for motion control of planar snake robot in the uncertain underwater environment
Authors: Patel Bhavik M , Dwivedy Santosha Kumar
Published: February 2023

In this article, the snake robot having nine links with eight joints is considered for serpentine motion in the underwater environment. The movement of a snake robot occurs due to nonlinear drag forces and fluidic torque in underwater conditions. The uncertainties in drag forces and fluidic torque are considered to track the head angle and tangential velocity in this work. The virtual holonomic constraints are formulated to track all the joints by designing a controller for single joint. The parameters of gait pattern are obtained using the sliding surface. The sliding surface is formulated for head link angle and velocity tracking. Super twisting sliding mode control approach is proposed to deal with uncertainties, and results are compared with sliding mode control and adaptive sliding mode control. The robustness of controller is verified by inputting measurement noise. The significant improvement has been observed in chattering indicator and control effort by using the proposed super twisting sliding mode control. The investigation of this research article focuses on how to get almost chattering free operation in underwater uncertain environmental conditions with minimum control effort.
Modeling comorbidity of chronic diseases using coupled hidden Markov model with bivariate discrete copula
Authors: Oflaz Zarina , Yozgatligil Ceylan , Selcuk-Kestel A Sevtap
Published: February 2023

A range of chronic diseases have a significant influence on each other and share common risk factors. Comorbidity, which shows the existence of two or more diseases interacting or triggering each other, is an important measure for actuarial valuations. The main proposal of the study is to model parallel interacting processes describing two or more chronic diseases by a combination of hidden Markov theory and copula function. This study introduces a coupled hidden Markov model with the bivariate discrete copula function in the hidden process. To estimate the parameters of the model and deal with the numerical intractability of the log-likelihood, we use a variational expectation maximization algorithm. To perform the variational expectation maximization algorithm, a lower bound of the model’s log-likelihood is defined, and estimators of the parameters are computed in the M-part. A possible numerical underflow occurring in the computation of forward–backward probabilities is solved. The simulation study is conducted for two different levels of association to assess the performance of the proposed model, resulting in satisfactory findings. The proposed model was applied to hospital appointment data from a private hospital. The model defines the dependency structure of unobserved disease data and its dynamics. The application results demonstrate that the model is useful for investigating disease comorbidity when only population dynamics over time and no clinical data are available.
Who makes AI? Gender and portrayals of AI scientists in popular film, 1920–2020
Authors: Cave Stephen , Dihal Kanta , Drage Eleanor , McInerney Kerry
Published: February 2023

It is well established both that women are underrepresented in the field of artificial intelligence (AI) and that media representations of professions have impact on career choices and prospects. We therefore hypothesised that women are underrepresented in portrayals of AI researchers in influential films. We tested this by analysing a corpus of the 142 most influential films featuring AI from 1920 to 2020, of which 86 showed one or more AI researchers, totalling 116 individuals. We found that nine AI professionals in film were women (8%). We further found that none of the 142 AI films was solely directed by a woman. We discuss a number of explanations for the paucity of women AI scientists in the media, including parallels between film and real-life gender inequality, the construction of the AI scientist as male through gendered narrative tropes, and the lack of female directors.
Different Scripts, Different Casts: A Crime Script Analysis Indicating Intimate Partner Violence Is Not All the Same
Authors: Carney Christine T. , Kebbell Mark R. , Eriksson Li , Carr Regan M.
Published: February 2023

Crime script analysis was used to analyze intimate partner violence diversity by identifying variables significantly associated with different script tracks. Qualitative thematic analysis using official police administrative data from Queensland, Australia, was used to develop an intimate partner violence protoscript ( n = 40), followed by quantitative hierarchical cluster analysis and cross-tabulations to examine diversity within scripts. Four diverse script tracks were identified: “escalating jealousy,” “persistently possessive,” “controlling victim agency,” and “enduring argument.” Intimate partner diversity exists with divisions based on statistically significant variables. Implications for situational crime prevention and the use of mixed methods for strengthening crime script analysis are discussed.
Through an Intersectional Lens: Prevalence of Violence Against Disabled Women in Iceland
Authors: Snæfríðar- og Gunnarsdóttir Hrafnhildur , Traustadóttir Rannveig , Einarsdóttir Thorgerður , Rice James G.
Published: February 2023

Using an intersectional lens, this study analyses data from a nationally representative sample in Iceland, examining violence among marginalized groups of different social locations. The results highlight the precarious position of disabled women and show a significant increase of risk of violence with each marginalized social location women inhabit. Results illustrate how precarity and exposure increases for multiply marginalized women, demonstrating the importance of considering the social dimensions of violence. The article argues for the importance of advancing critical dialogue and research on violence, using an intersectional frame and including factors such as disability, gender, sexual orientation, and financial strain.
Global-Local Processing in ADHD Is Not Limited to the Visuospatial Domain: Novel Evidence From the Auditory Domain
Authors: Akerman Aviv , Etkovitch Amit , Kalanthroff Eyal
Published: February 2023

Objective:

Global-local visuospatial processing has been widely investigated in both healthy and clinical populations. Recent studies indicated that individuals with ADHD lack a global processing bias. However, the extant literature regarding global-local processing style focuses solely on the visual modality.

Methods:

ADHD ( N = 21) and typically developed (TD) controls ( N = 24) underwent an auditory global-local task, in which they had to decide whether the melody is ascending or descending in global or local conditions.

Results:

TD controls exhibited a classic global processing bias in the auditory task. The ADHD group exhibited no global processing bias, indicating similar processing for global and local dimensions, implying that individuals with ADHD are distracted by incongruent information in global and local conditions similarly, in both visual and auditory tasks.

Conclusion:

A lack of global processing bias in ADHD is not limited to the visuospatial modality and likely reflects a broader and more general processing style.
Bridging Who They Are with Who They Thought They’d Be: The Effects of Gen Zers’ Subjective Well-Being on Their Boycott Responses to Online and Offline Unethical Situations
Authors: Tuan Annamaria , Visentin Marco , Di Domenico Giandomenico
Published: February 2023

This research investigates the role of subjective well-being in Gen Zers’ response to unethical situations that are encountered online versus offline. It empirically supports a model that incorporates moral reasoning effects and the aftermath of learning about the situation in either a first-person or third-person perspective. The findings suggest that Gen Zers are eager to show their values and participate in boycotts when facing an unethical situation. Subjective well-being plays an important role in activating versus inhibiting boycott behaviors as a response to unethical situations encountered both online and offline. Counterintuitively, Gen Zers are less likely to show support for a boycott when scoring high on well-being, since they are not willing to signal their commitment to gain social legitimacy. In fact, when coping with unethical situations, they are eager to display their true values and to enact the boycott rather than merely show support for it.