bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Late Pseudoaneurysm Formation after Repair of the Descending Aorta
Authors: Schmuziger M. , Schneider P. A. , Bouchardy L. , Simonet F. , Christenson J. T.
Published: September 2024

We report a case of a 71-year-old hypertensive female patient presenting with haemoptysis and retrosternal pain from a leaking pseudo-aneurysm associated with a Dacron onlay patch used to repair a coarctation of the aorta 27 years earlier. This case illustrates a late and potentially fatal complication of this type of operation and describes a recent technique to reach the exact diagnosis and location of the aneurysm.
Source of Elastin-Degrading Enzymes in Mycotic Aortic Aneurysms: Bacteria or Host Inflammatory Response?
Authors: Buckmaster M. J. , Curci J. A. , Murray P. R. , Liao S. , Allen B. T. , Sicard G. A. , Thompson R. W.
Published: September 2024

Elastolytic matrix metalloproteinases play a central role in the development of chronic atherosclerotic aortic aneurysms, but mycotic aortic aneurysms are a distinct and unusual form of aneurysm disease caused by bacterial infection. Mycotic aortic aneurysms follow a more rapid and unpredictable course than chronic aneurysm disease and they exhibit a predilection for the suprarenal aorta, further implying unique pathophysiologic mechanisms. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature and source of elastin-degrading enzymes in mycotic aortic aneurysm. Bacterial isolates and aortic tissues were obtained from four consecutive patients undergoing surgical repair of suprarenal mycotic aortic aneurysm. Using an in vitro3H-labeled elastin degradation assay, elastin-degrading enzyme activity was only observed in the bacteria-conditioned medium from an isolate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Elastin-degrading enzyme activity in the aortic tissue homogenate of this patient was abolished by the serine protease inhibitor, phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, but it was not suppressed by the metalloproteinase inhibitor, ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). In contrast, elastin-degrading enzyme activity in the bacterial-conditioned medium was decreased by about half by both phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride and EDTA. Elastin substrate zymography revealed two phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride-inhibitable elastin-degrading enzyme activities in the aortic tissue homogenate that corresponded to human neutrophil elastase (∼30 kDa) and its stable complex with alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor (∼80 kDa). but no activity attributable to Pseudomonas elastase, a 33-kDa metal-dependent enzyme. Human neutrophil elastase was readily detected throughout mycotic aortic aneurysm tissues by immunohistochemistry, but elastolytic metalloproteinases were only occasionally observed. The results of this study suggest that the elastin-degrading enzyme produced in mycotic aortic aneurysm are largely serine proteases of host neutrophil origin, rather than elastases produced by the infecting microorganisms or the macrophage-derived metalloproteinases typically observed in atherosclerotic aneurysm disease. Further studies will be needed to extend these findings to a larger number of patients with mycotic aortic aneurysm and those caused by additional microorganisms.
Vascular Surgery without Arteriography: Use of Duplex Ultrasound
Authors: Zierler R. E.
Published: September 2024

Although contrast arteriography has served as the historical ‘gold standard’ for diagnosis of arterial disease, recent improvements in noninvasive diagnostic methods have made it possible to plan surgical treatment without subjecting patients to this invasive procedure. This approach avoids both the risks and costs associated with arteriography. Duplex scanning has become the standard noninvasive test for extracranial carotid artery disease, and it can also be used to directly evaluate the lower extremity arteries. In addition to the standard duplex criteria for classification of carotid stenosis, new criteria are available that reflect the stenosis thresholds identified in randomized clinical trials. Clinical experience has clearly shown that carotid endarterectomy can be performed safely based on the duplex scan alone in the majority of patients: however, arteriography is still indicated in selected cases. The evaluation of lower extremity arterial disease requires examination of multiple arterial segments, and most vascular surgeons still rely on the anatomic detail provided by arteriography for preoperative planning. Still, it may be possible to avoid formal preoperative arteriography in selected patients by using a combination of lower extremity duplex scanning and intraoperative arteriography. Further developments in noninvasive testing will continue to reduce the need for diagnostic arteriography prior to direct arterial surgery.
Surgical Intervention in Venous Ulceration
Authors: Padberg F. T.
Published: September 2024

The purpose of this article is to review surgical management for dermal ulceration that results from chronic venous insufficiency. Efficacy is gauged by freedom from recurrent ulceration, an objective clinical monitor. Accurate preoperative diagnosis and postoperative assessment of the venous circulation is enhanced by reliable non-invasive examinations. A recently developed clinical classification unifies reporting criteria and has been widely subscribed. Standard surgical ablation of incompetent saphenous and other superficial veins significantly improves clinical and hemodynamic outcome. Perforator incompetence alone is rarely the cause of ulcerative disease, but adjunctive ligation of communicating veins is considered important to the effective elimination of chronic venous insufficiency. New endoscopic techniques reduce morbidity associated with long incisions from the open subfascial procedure. In a more advanced role, deep venous reconstruction is infrequently performed, but is quite durable. Free-tissue transfer appears to be effective after 2 years of observation. Post-thrombotic chronic venous insufficiency continues to confer a more severe prognosis, which emphasizes the importance of accurate and precise diagnosis. Investigation of patients with ulcerative chronic venous insufficiency should be actively pursued, since individualized surgical management will effectively reduce recurrence of ulceration.
Adjuvant Techniques for the Management of Large Carotid Body Tumors. A Case Report and Review
Authors: Iafrati M. D. , O'Donnell T. F.
Published: September 2024

Although the first successful resection of a carotid body tumor was reported over 100 years ago this operation remains technically challenging with many potential pitfalls. The case of a man with a large (8 cm) carotid body tumor will be presented in order to identify key issues that pertain to effective diagnostic and therapeutic modalities. A multidisciplinary team (vascular surgeon, neurosurgeon, neuroradiologist, interventional radiologist and oromaxillofacial surgeon) provided specific expertise on each aspect of the patient's evaluation and treatment. Adjuvant techniques employed in this case included angiographic tumor embolization, jaw subluxation, strap muscle division, nasotrachial intubation, carotid resection and saphenous vein interposition grafting.
Decreasing Carotid Endarterectomy Length of Stay at a University Hospital
Authors: Su L. T. , Carpenter J. P.
Published: September 2024

In 1995, a clinical pathway for carotid endarterectomy patients was instituted at the authors' institution. The effect of this program on length of stay and patient outcomes was investigated. Records of 152 consecutive carotid endarterectomies performed by a single surgeon over a 45-month period with identical technique (general anesthesia, routine shunting, closure with a dacron patch) were reviewed. Comparison of patients treated under the pathway ( n = 119) and those prior to that policy ( n = 33) revealed no significant differences ( P > 0.05) in age, sex, co-morbid conditions, or surgical indication. No difference ( P > 0.05) was found for occurrence of complications, which included two fatal perioperative strokes (1.3%) and two myocardial infarctions (1.3%) (one fatal). No complications occurred after discharge and no patients required readmission to the hospital. Average length of stay was reduced from 6.0 to 3.3 days, with 78% of patients discharged within 48 h. Preoperative hospitalization decreased from 100 to 21%. A decrease in the use of preoperative arteriography from 100 to 10% was noted. The cost of vascular studies decreased from $2451 to $1228. Cost-saving measures, including early discharge of stable patients, elimination of preoperative hospitalization and decreased use of arteriography, can be accomplished while maintaining acceptable complication rates following carotid endarterectomy in a university hospital setting.
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum of the Internal Mammary Artery
Authors: Sarraj A. , Al Homsi M. F. , Khouqeer F.
Published: September 2024

A case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum of the left internal mammary artery from a 61-year-old male who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting is reported. Intraoperative evaluation of the left internal mammary artery revealed partial stenosis. Histologically, the stenotic portion showed pseudoxanthoma elasticum. This represents the first reported case of pseudoxanthoma elasticum in the internal mammary artery.
Clinical, Biochemical and Histochemical Assessment of Pretreatment with Glucose—Insulin–Potassium for Patients Undergoing Mitral Valve Replacement in the Third and Fourth Functional Groups of the New York Heart Association
Authors: Besog̀ul Y. , Tünerir B. , Asian R. , Işiksoy S. , Çolak Ö. , Kural T.
Published: September 2024

In this study the potentially beneficial effects of preoperative treatment with glucose, insulin and potassium in a randomized series of 30 consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve replacement, who were in the third and fourth functional groups of the New York Heart Association scale, were investigated. Fifteen patients received glucose, insulin and potassium, and 15 patients received the same volume of normal saline. The characteristics of the groups did not differ. Papillary muscle-biopsy samples were obtained at the time of surgery and analysed for glycogen, both biochemically and histochemicaliy. The clinical course of all patients was monitored closely during the first 24 hours after surgery. The patients receiving glucose, insulin and potassium had higher glycogen levels (43 ± 13.54 μmol/g) ( P< 0.001). In addition, they required less inotropic pharmacological support (scored by the Gradinac method), had fewer ventricular arrhythmias and exhibited improved haemodynamic indices: cardiac output increased ( P < 0.025 to P < 0.005), while systemic vascular resistance decreased ( P < 0.001). Pretreatment with glucose, insulin and potassium did not, however, affect the patients' postoperative wedge pressure and mortality. The results of this study suggest that glucose, insulin and potassium pretreatment may be beneficial in unfit patients undergoing mitral valve replacement.
Concanavalin: A Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles Synthesis and Characterization to Inhibit the Proliferation of Lung Cancer
Authors: Yang Na , Chang Ying
Published: September 2024

Background

Non-small-cell lung cancer is the most ubiquitous malignancy, and the present treatments do not offer the most effective outcomes for therapy. Natural drug therapy, which directly targets tumor cells, is now recognized as a safe technique for cancer treatment. The use of tailored nanoparticles also improves the efficacy of cancer therapy.

Purpose

To synthesize, characterize, and evaluate the natural drug concanavalin A (ConA) coated with chitosan nanoparticles (ConA-CS NPs) for cytotoxicity against lung cancer cell line (NCI-H358).

Methods

The current study demonstrates the development of ConA-CS NPs as well as their unique characteristics, anticancer processes, and possible applications in treatment. Using UV–Vis, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering studies, ConA-CS NPs were generated and evaluated. The mitochondrial toxicity test assay was used to examine ConA-CS NP-induced cytotoxicity. Dual (acridine orange/ethidium bromide) staining was performed to examine apoptotic modifications, and mitochondrial membrane potential levels in NCI-H358 cells were examined using the appropriate fluorescence staining assays.

Results and Conclusion

The use of ConA-CS NPs for enhanced tumor treatment, which combines natural drugs to eradicate the tumor and prevent relapses, is supported by in vitro investigations. The ability of ConA-encapsulated CS NPs to impede human lung carcinoma cell growth has not yet been investigated. Therefore, this investigation may provide a new paradigm for cancer detection and therapy, and the results may surely help to enhance the quality of life for cancer patients.
Self-regulated learning processes of advanced musicians: A PRISMA review
Authors: dos Santos Silva Camilla , Marinho Helena
Published: September 2024

This systematic review aimed to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date understanding of the current state of empirical research in self-regulated learning (SRL) and music, investigating learning strategies planned and employed by advanced musicians and evidence to support the benefits of SRL training for this population. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol, we initially identified 3323 records related to our search, spanning the period from 2001 to 2023. Inclusion criteria consisted of peer-reviewed empirical articles reporting studies involving the participation of advanced (i.e., undergraduate and postgraduate student and professional) musicians using Zimmerman’s cyclical model of SRL and published in English, Spanish, Portuguese, or French. Forty-eight articles met all the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. We divided them into three types: reports of observational studies, descriptive-correlational, and intervention studies. We discuss the findings according to the three phases of Zimmerman’s cyclical model: forethought, performance/volitional control, and self-reflection, including the processes of goal setting, selection and adaptation of learning strategies, help seeking, time management, and self-evaluation and adaptation. Our analysis identified trends in the behavior of advanced musicians, particularly regarding practice quantity and musical achievement. Suggestions for future research indicate the need to invest in the training of instrumental and vocal teachers, so that they become familiar with SRL learning strategies that they can pass on to their students.
Framing of News Articles on Adult Education Issues in Tanzanian Print Media
Authors: Gasuku Samwel Mwita
Published: September 2024

This study examines how Adult Education (AE) is framed in Tanzanian print media using a mixed-method approach. This study involved content analysis of four newspapers: Mwananchi, Habari Leo, The Citizen, and Daily News, along with 50 key informant interviews. Articles from 2016 to 2021 were analyzed using framing theory and an explanatory research design. The findings indicate a predominant focus on the positive aspects of AE initiatives in newspapers. However, this one-sided representation may hinder stakeholders from addressing AE challenges and limit public understanding of AE policies, complexities, challenges, and potential solutions. This study recommends that newspapers should engage in more comprehensive investigative coverage on AE, highlight challenges, and collaborate with AE experts to ensure accurate and balanced coverage.
Damage investigation of hybrid flax-glass/epoxy composites subjected to impact fatigue under water ageing
Authors: Goumghar A , Azouaoui K , Assarar M , Zouari W , Mouhoubi S , Ayad R , El Mahi A
Published: September 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate the fatigue behaviour of hybrid flax-glass/epoxy composites under repeated impact loading subsequent to water ageing. Different plates of these composite materials were fabricated using the vacuum infusion technique. Five stacking sequences were considered: [F8], [G/F3]S, [G2/F2]S, [G3/F]S, and [G8], where F and G stand for flax/epoxy and glass/epoxy plies, respectively. Water ageing was conducted by immersing the composite specimens in tap water at room temperature for various durations, and until saturation was reached. Fatigue impact tests were carried out using three impact energies: 3, 4, and 5 J. An advanced high-resolution camera was used to monitor the evolution of damage mechanisms occurring on the non-impacted surfaces, while a laser thermometer was considered to track the temperature variations within each composite specimen. The obtained results show that flax-glass hybridization reduces the mass of absorbed water in flax/epoxy composite by up to 70%. Furthermore, there is a more pronounced decrease in longitudinal modulus and maximum stress in aged composites, with reductions of up to 70% compared to unaged ones. Additionally, visible damage occurs even at low energy levels, manifesting from the initial impacts in both aged and unaged composite laminates. Moreover, a correlation between the number of impacts to failure and the cumulative energy is revealed. Ultimately, water aging reduces the strength of the studied composite laminates and their resistance to impact fatigue. Furthermore, the hybrid laminates with high proportion of flax layers are particularly susceptible to water ageing effects.
Anti-Xa Activity Monitoring for Optimizing Rivaroxaban Dosage in Chinese Patients with Cerebral Venous Thrombosis
Authors: Zhang Xiaoming , Gao Meini , Lan Duo , Wang Zhongao , Fang Kun , Ren Xiangyu , Liu Naiqi , Zhou Da , Ji Xunming , Meng Ran
Published: September 2024

Background

Rivaroxaban, a direct Factor Xa inhibitor, is commonly used for cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) correction. However, pharmacokinetic differences in Chinese may vary in sensitivity and tolerance, resulting in either insufficient or excessive anticoagulation. Herein, the optimizing dosages of rivaroxaban in Chinese patients with CVT were analyzed based on monitoring anti-Xa activity dynamically, to maintain therapeutic efficacy and reduce rivaroxaban-related bleeding.

Methods

A real-world cohort study was conducted involving 112 CVT patients in Xuanwu Hospital, from August 2021 through January 2024. Patients were grouped according to their doses of rivaroxaban use (5, 10, 15, and 20 mg daily) based on dynamic plasma anti-Xa activity monitored using the chromogenic anti-Xa assay. Plasma levels of anti-Xa activity reached the therapeutic range, bleeding events and the dosage of rivaroxaban among these groups were analyzed.

Results

The ratios of the patients whose plasma anti-Xa levels reached the standard therapeutic level (0.3–0.7 IU/mL) between the cohorts less than 20 mg/d and 20 mg/d showed no statistical difference, and no significant disparities were observed among 5, 10, 15, and 20 mg/d dose groups. There was a discernible increase in the proportion of patients with bleeding events in the 20 mg/d group, even though the results did not reach a statistical difference. Meanwhile, in patients with bleeding events, their plasma anti-Xa levels could exceed 0.7 IU/mL.

Conclusion

Sensitivity and tolerance to rivaroxaban in Chinese may vary. Individualized therapy dosage under the guidance of anti-Xa activity monitoring may not only guarantee anticoagulation effect, but also reduce rivaroxaban-related bleeding events.
Higher 10-Year Survival with Breast-Conserving Therapy over Mastectomy for Women with Early-Stage (I-II) Breast Cancer: Analysis of the CDC Patterns of Care Data Base
Authors: Shrestha Pratibha , Hsieh Mei-Chin , Ferguson Tekeda , Peters Edward S , Trapido Edward , Yu Qingzhao , Chu Quyen D , Wu Xiao-Cheng
Published: September 2024

Background:

Studies in the United States are scarce that assess the survival differences between breast-conserving surgery plus radiation (Breast-Conserving Therapy; BCT) and mastectomy groups using population-based data while accounting for sociodemographic and clinical factors that affect the survival of women with early-stage breast cancer (ESBC).

Objective:

To assess whether BCT provides superior long-term overall survival (OS) and breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) compared with mastectomy in women with ESBC, while considering key factors that impact survival.

Design:

Cohort study.

Methods:

We analyzed data on women aged 20 years and older diagnosed with stage I-II breast cancer (BC) in 2004 who received either BCT or mastectomy. The data were collected by 5 state cancer registries through the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention-funded Patterns of Care study. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models, accounting for sociodemographic and clinical factors, were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Sensitivity analysis involved optimal caliper propensity score (PS) matching to address residual confounding.

Results:

Of the 3495 women, 41.5% underwent mastectomy. The 10-year OS and BCSS were 82.7% and 91.1% for BCT and 72.3% and 85.7% for mastectomy, respectively. Adjusted models showed that mastectomy recipients had a 22% higher risk of all-cause deaths (ACD) (HR = 1.22, 95% CI = [1.06, 1.41]) and a 26% higher risk of breast cancer-specific deaths (BCD) (HR = 1.26, 95% CI = [1.02, 1.55]) than BCT recipients. Sensitivity analysis demonstrated that mastectomy was associated with a higher risk of ACD ( P < .05) but did not exhibit a statistically significant risk for BCD. Women with HR+/HER2+ (luminal B) or invasive ductal carcinoma BC who underwent mastectomy had higher risks of ACD and BCD compared with BCT recipients, while the hazards for ACD in triple-negative BC did not remain significant after adjusting for covariates.

Conclusion:

ESBC BCT recipients demonstrate superior OS and BCSS compared with mastectomy recipients.
Serum Albumin as a Prognostic Biomarker for Febrile Neutropenia Outcome and Complications: A Prospective Observational Trial
Authors: Dimitrijević Jelena , Čalamać Marina , Đurmez Ognjen , Krstić Danijela , Stojanović Marko
Published: September 2024

Background:

Febrile neutropenia (FN) poses a significant challenge in cancer treatment, with a high incidence among patients undergoing standard therapies. Predicting FN complications and outcomes remains crucial for improving patient management strategies. Biomarkers, including procalcitonin and albumin, have garnered attention for their potential prognostic value in FN.

Methods:

We conducted a prospective observational study at a tertiary hospital, enrolling 185 adult cancer patients experiencing FN episodes. We assessed serum albumin levels and incorporated them into the Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC) risk index to enhance risk stratification.

Results:

Serum albumin levels displayed promising prognostic utility in febrile neutropenia (FN). They exhibited moderate specificity and sensitivity in predicting mortality during FN and 28-day mortality. Serum albumin levels were significantly associated with gastrointestinal infections, serving as an independent predictor. Integrating serum albumin into the MASCC risk index improved predictive accuracy for FN mortality by 50%, 28-day mortality by 66.67%, and respiratory tract infections by 62.50%, enhancing in this way risk stratification for FN-related complications.

Conclusion:

Serum albumin emerges as a promising biomarker for prognostication in FN, complementing existing risk assessment frameworks. Its incorporation into the MASCC risk index enhances predictive capabilities, aiding clinicians in identifying high-risk patients promptly. While albumin shows potential in predicting mortality and complications, further research is warranted to optimize sensitivity and specificity, ensuring its clinical utility.
Comparative analysis of filler metals on microstructure and mechanical performance of TIG-welded AISI 201 austenitic stainless steel joints
Authors: Fouad Ramy A. , Habba Mohamed I.A. , Elshaghoul Yousef G.Y. , El-Sayed Seleman Mohamed M. , Hafez Khalid M. , El-Fahhar Hossam Hemdan , Barakat Waheed S.
Published: September 2024

In this study, 4-mm thick AISI 201 austenitic stainless steel butt joints were fabricated using the tungsten inert gas (TIG) process with ER309L, ER316L and ER2209 filler rods. TIG welding was performed using a current of 100 A, voltage of 14 V, with pure argon as the shielding gas at a flow rate of 10 L/min, and filler rod diameters of 2.4 mm. The microstructural and mechanical properties were analysed. ER2209 and ER316L promote an austenitic structure in the fusion zone. ER316L filler produced the finest grain structure (9.39 μm) and the lowest δ-ferrite content (25.85%) in the weld zone. Welds made of ER316L exhibited the highest hardness (314 HV), ultimate tensile strength (857 MPa) and yield strength (448 MPa). ER316L welds also demonstrated superior strain-hardening capacity (0.91) and impact toughness (19.8 GPa). Fracture analysis revealed finer dimples in the ER316L welds, indicating improved ductility and strength compared to other welded joints.
“Part of the gig:” Negotiating the press conference rite surrounding Naomi Osaka’s “bombshell” decision
Authors: Gutsche Robert E , Coche Roxane , D’Angelo Paul , Ferrucci Patrick
Published: September 2024

This article seeks to complicate notions of metajournalistic discourse by building on research on journalistic evidence and news narratives to argue for concepts of both manifest and latent forms of discourse. Through a textual analysis of news narratives, article thrust, and style in UK and French digital news coverage of Naomi Osaka’s decision to withdraw from press conferences at the cusp of the 2021 French Open, we argue that journalists interviewed each other or commented themselves on her reasons for not participating in press conferences in what we refer to as manifest metajournalistic discourse. However, our analysis also found a latent form of metajournalistic discourse that appears as the coverage itself, through an argumentation of news storytelling that is imbued with journalists’ sentiments or “takes” of an issue or topic. Specifically, we argue that journalists use both recognizable journalistic forms of texts, such as first-person, bylined articles and quotes (what we refer to as a manifest form of metajournalistic discourse), and paraphrasing, description, sources, and other reporting (what we refer to as a latent form of metajournalistic discourse) when reporting on themselves and others.
Exploring the versatility of mass spectrometry: Applications across diverse scientific disciplines
Authors: Kuril Akhilesh Kumar
Published: September 2024

Mass spectrometry (MS) has become a pivotal analytical tool across various scientific disciplines due to its ability to provide detailed molecular information with high sensitivity and specificity. MS plays a crucial role in various fields, including drug discovery and development, proteomics, metabolomics, environmental analysis, and clinical diagnostics and Forensic science. In this article we are discussing the application of MS across the diverse scientific disciplines by focusing on some classical examples from each field of application. As the technology continues to evolve, it promises to unlock new possibilities in scientific research and practical applications, cementing its position as an essential tool in modern analytical science.
Constructions of babyhood among baby room leaders in the UK
Authors: Halls Kayla , Sakr Mona
Published: September 2024

The research presented in this article scrutinises how baby room leaders construct babyhood and how this impacts their practice. Our research feeds into a growing body of research that challenges the dominant developmentalist paradigm in early childhood education and care (ECEC) and instead highlights possibilities for self-determination, agency and reciprocity in the baby room. Through an inductive thematic analysis applied to 15 interviews with baby room leaders across the UK, we consider how baby room leaders construct babies as receptacles of care, find joy in being needed and make sense of babies’ learning through developmental checklists and milestones. We pay particular attention to the questions that emerge when we consider baby room educators’ joy in being needed: how this can reinforce a perception of babies as completely dependent while simultaneously highlighting their agency and the extent to which their actions shift the emotional landscape of those around them. Our research calls for more provocation, reflection and problematisation that specifically focuses on baby pedagogies and the constructions of babyhood on which these pedagogies are founded.
Racial/Ethnic Differences in Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health-Related Outcomes: A Scoping Review
Authors: Yang Phillip , Kuo Jonathan , Hart Cody A. , Zia Sania , Grigsby Timothy J.
Published: September 2024

Racial and ethnic differences have been observed across patterns of substance use and exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs). The goal of this review was to summarize the current evidence on ACE and health outcomes across racial and ethnic groups in the United States. A scoping review of the literature following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis for Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guideline was performed. Using predetermined search terms and parameters, an electronic database search of peer-reviewed literature between 1997 and 2022 was performed. Forty-five articles met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Thirteen articles focused on health behavior and education outcomes, fifteen reported on physical health outcomes, and eighteen reported on mental health outcomes. Relatively to mental health outcomes, race/ethnicity appeared to play a less significant role in the relationship between ACE and behavioral outcomes or physical health outcomes. There was stronger evidence that race/ethnicity may moderate relationships between ACE exposure and mental health outcomes. Across health behavior, physical health, and mental health domains, the evidence suggests that the relationship between ACE exposure and health outcomes is not uniform across different racial and ethnic groups. These findings highlight the need for future research to uncover how cultural, societal, and developmental factors interact to shape health in the context following exposure to childhood adversity.
Understanding the Dynamics of Domestic Violence During the First Year of the Pandemic: An Integrative Review
Authors: Cunha Ana , Gonçalves Mariana , Matos Marlene
Published: September 2024

This integrative review aims to analyze and synthesize existing literature to inform our understanding of the multifaceted dimensions of domestic violence during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, using a holistic and ecological framework. Utilizing the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) study design, searches were conducted on six databases, yielding a final sample of 58 articles. The study comprehensively overviews North America, South America, Asia, Europe, Africa, and worldwide research. The literature reveals an alarming increase in domestic violence victimization during the pandemic in most regions and studies, exacerbating pre-existing vulnerabilities. The increase in domestic violence during the pandemic is linked to ecological factors such as lower physical and mental health, rising substance use, and financial stress, which heightened individuals’ vulnerability. Lockdowns exacerbated these issues by increasing confinement in homes, disrupting support services, and limiting victims’ access to help. Barriers to help-seeking and amplified personal and professional stressors at the care level are identified. Advocacy for improved awareness, cooperation, and inclusive national and institutional policies emerges. This study underscores the urgency of empirical research to generate reliable data on the pandemic’s impact on domestic violence. The findings of this study highlight the importance of understanding unique factors affecting specific groups, as well as informing prevention efforts and targeted interventions. Recognizing the mutual benefit of research–practice partnerships is crucial in addressing and preventing domestic violence. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of domestic violence during the pandemic’s first year, guiding empirically informed interventions and policy changes.
Investigation of time-dependent mechanical loading on the start-stop process of functionally graded rotating disks under thermal conditions
Authors: Jafari Sanaz
Published: September 2024

Rotating disks are used in industries, such as aerospace, automotive, and power plants. These disks are under time-dependent mechanical loading when the machine starts or stops working conditions. Thermal stresses caused by temperature changes with this time-dependent mechanical load create dangerous conditions. Therefore, the estimation of the elastic limit angular velocity and acceleration as a criterion for the initiation of plastic deformations has special importance in the start-stop process. An analytical Homotopy perturbation method is used to solve the heat transfer equation and the governing Navier equations in both radial and tangential directions of functionally graded rotating disks with non-uniform thickness. The Tamura-Tomoto-Ozawa model is implemented to calculate the yield stress at a different radius of the disk. The obtained results will be verified with the higher-order finite difference method. The effect of thickness parameter, type of thermal and boundary conditions on the angular velocity and acceleration, and also the starting radius of the plastic deformations are investigated by numerical examples. It is shown that by defining the appropriate temperature gradient on the outer surface of the disk and the parameters in the time-dependent angular velocity function, the level of stresses can be controlled and optimized in all working processes.
Experimental investigation of heat treatments on the mechanical performance of grade 300 maraging steel strut-based lattices
Authors: Walker Ryan , Eden Chance , Gebre Fisseha L , Xu Jiajun
Published: September 2024

Lightweight and strong components are essential for reducing energy consumption and enhancing efficiency. Lattice structures are one such geometry utilized to achieve weight reduction. This study investigates the mechanical properties of various lattice structures fabricated from Maraging Steel (EOS MS1) using the Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) method. The samples include three distinct cellular geometries: body-centered cubic (BCC), face-centered cubic (FCC), and octet truss configurations, which are subjected to tensile and compressive tests. The primary goal of this research is to evaluate the impact of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of cellular architecture under tensile and compressive loading conditions. Destructive, nondestructive testing, and simulation results were also obtained from different heat treatment processes. It was found that the age-hardened specimens performed the best overall in terms of ultimate tensile/compressive strength and elongation. The top-performing topologies in compression and tension were found to be the octet structure, as they were able to withstand the most loading and straining when compared to the other specimens.
Is the ulnar fovea sign positive only in foveal tears of the triangular fibrocartilage complex?
Authors: Choudhury Muntasir Mannan , Ling Angeline Aw Ai , Yap Robert Tze Jin
Published: September 2024

A positive ulnar fovea sign is usually considered to be specific for foveal disruption of the distal radioulnar ligaments. A retrospective review was done of 73 patients with a positive ulnar fovea sign. Only 21 patients had a foveal tear on arthroscopic examination.

Level of evidence: IV
A Case of Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis post-intrauterine device placement in rural occupied Palestine
Authors: Alheeh Ibrahim , Shalalfeh Neveen , Wajeeh Shatha , Farah Rou’a , Farah Rahaf
Published: September 2024

Autoimmune progesterone dermatitis is considered a rare cyclical autoimmune reaction to endogenous progesterone in fertile females that is characterized by skin lesions ranging from mild urticaria to anaphylaxis. A 30-year-old woman who had an intrauterine device placed, presented to her family medicine clinic with erythema and some edematous lesions, and pruritus. The skin biopsy showed perivascular infiltrate with neutrophils and was diagnosed as autoimmune progesterone dermatitis. Treatment included intrauterine device removal and treatment with tamoxifen. This is the first documented case of autoimmune progesterone dermatitis in occupied Palestine.
Counterfactual coercion: Could harsher sanctions against Russia have prevented the worst?
Authors: Niemeier Thies , Schneider Gerald
Published: September 2024

Numerous studies show that properly designed economic sanctions can force the target to refrain from violating international norms. However, policymakers cannot integrate this finding into their ex ante assessments of whether more forceful coercive measures could prevent military coups, human rights violations, or a war of aggression such as the Russian invasion of Ukraine. In this article, we address this shortcoming and introduce counterfactual predictions to answer the what-if question of whether adequate sanctions by the European Union and the United States could have provoked targets to abandon severe norm violations. To this end, a training data set from 1989 to 2008 is used to predict the success of sanctions from 2009 to 2015. Our policy counterfactuals for key sanction cases suggest that stricter EU coercion against Russia after the annexation of Crimea could have triggered policy concessions from the regime of President Putin.
The Impact of COVID-19 Service Learning on Medical Student Professional Identity Formation
Authors: Lu Wei-Hsin , Pang Lindsy , Strano-Paul Lisa
Published: September 2024

OBJECTIVE

The COVID-19 pandemic affected in-person educational activities and required medical schools to adapt and enrich their curriculum to ensure ongoing professional development. During the height of the COVID-19 pandemic, students expressed a significant desire to contribute and continue their medical education. Service learning promotes experiential learning and Professional Identity Formation (PIF). This study examines the impact that a service-learning elective had on medical students’ education and PIF.

METHODS

Offering a service-learning elective allowed students to remain engaged in educational activities and pandemic-relief efforts. We conducted a qualitative analysis of 132 written reflections by medical students who completed a 2- or a 4-week service-learning elective to assess for major themes and impact on PIF.

RESULTS

Participation in service learning had a favorable impact on PIF as expressed by the personal qualities student identified as having developed or improved upon because of their participation. Enhancement of communication skills, teamwork skills, compassion, and empathy were major themes conveyed in student reflections. Qualities of resilience were also portrayed through the write-up as students noted how the elective allowed for active engagement in community pandemic-relief efforts and created opportunities for overcoming obstacles related to service learning projects they participated in.

CONCLUSIONS

Service learning in medical school has a dual purpose of providing community support while imparting significant learning opportunities for PIF in medical students.
‘How can you not be traumatised’: Experience of paramedics occupationally exposed to suicide
Authors: Lyra Renan Lopes de , McKenzie Sarah K. , Jenkin Gabrielle , Every-Palmer Susanna
Published: September 2024

Background: Exposure to suicide is widely recognised as a major occupational hazard for mental health professionals due to the impacts this can have on their professional and personal lives. Less research has focused on paramedics, who are often the first responders to suicide-related callouts and who also have higher suicide rates themselves. Aims: This article explores the lived experiences of paramedics exposed to suicide in the line of their work, unpacking the impacts and consequences of this exposure on their mental well-being. Method: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to examine the lived experiences of nine paramedics in New Zealand. Data were collected through in-depth semi-structured interviews. Results: Four themes were developed: (1) It's complex and challenging work, as suicide events required different skills from those utilised in other work, leading paramedics to rely on intuition and experience to manage the scenario in the absence of specific protocols; (2) Feeling frustrated and helpless, explored suicide encounters experienced as distressing due to the high volume of calls and lack of perceived responsiveness in the broader health system; (3) The conflict between emotions and ethos, describing suicide exposure as a challenge to maintain their emotional control in the scenes, and perceiving this lack of control as a threat to their competence; (4) Living with the consequences: How can you not be traumatised?, focused on how occupational exposure to suicide impacted participants’ personal relationships and well-being. Conclusion: The challenges posed by occupational exposure to suicide can lead to negative consequences among paramedics. Research should focus on how to diminish the impacts of this traumatic experience on this occupational group.
Interpreting Apple’s visions: Examining the spatiality of the Apple Vision Pro
Authors: Blackman Tyler , Harley Daniel
Published: September 2024

This paper extends previous empirical and theoretical research by applying a critical analysis to the recent discourse of “spatial computing,” a term used by Apple Inc. in the launch of the Apple Vision Pro headset. We focus primarily on advertisements and other official videos used to promote and communicate the value(s) of Apple's inaugural “spatial computer,” and how this spatiality is mediated through the hardware and software of the Apple Vision Pro. With techno-utopian visions of daily life that belie Apple's broader platform politics, we argue that Apple's promotional content reveals sociocultural, embodied, material, spatial, and other imaginaries of extended reality that present Apple's novel mediations and data capture as normal and desirable for users who are framed as affluent, able-bodied tech enthusiasts participating in a digital economy that blurs work and leisure.
The current landscape of frontline large B-cell lymphoma trials
Authors: Qualls David , Armand Philippe , Salles Gilles
Published: September 2024

At least 25% to 35% of patients with large B-cell lymphoma (LBCL) are not cured with frontline treatment, with generally poor subsequent outcomes. This motivates ongoing and intense interest in improving the frontline treatment of this disease. R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) has remained the standard of care for 20 years despite dozens of trials aiming to improve upon this regimen, and only recently has a novel regimen (pola-R-CHP [polatuzumab vedotin, rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and prednisone]) challenged its supremacy. Fortunately, at least 15 promising randomized trials evaluating new treatments in frontline LBCL treatment are underway. They differ not only in the therapy evaluated in the experimental arm, but in the choice of control arm, primary end point, and patient selection strategy, with some targeting specific biologic subtypes, some focusing on specific high-risk patient populations, and others enrolling older or frail patients. Novel response-adapted strategies leveraging circulating tumor DNA are also underway. Although this variety of approaches provides a welcome increase in the overall likelihood of success, it will also present challenges if several of these trials are successful and we must choose among multiple potential treatment options that were not all tested in the same fashion. In this review, we summarize the main ongoing frontline randomized trials and discuss some of the questions that we will face in interpreting and applying their results in clinical practice in the next few years.
Disruption of cotranscriptional splicing suggests RBM39 is a therapeutic target in acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Jin Qi , Harris Ethan , Myers Jacquelyn A. , Mehmood Rashid , Cotton Anitria , Shirnekhi Hazheen K. , Baggett David W. , Wen Jeremy Qiang , Schild Andrew B. , Bhansali Rahul S. , Klein Jonathon , Narina Shilpa , Pieters Tim , Yoshimi Akihide , Pruett-Miller Shondra M. , Kriwacki Richard , Abdel-Wahab Omar , Malinge Sebastien , Ntziachristos Panagiotis , Obeng Esther A. , Crispino John D.
Published: September 2024

There are only a few options for patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), thus, this is a major area of unmet medical need. In this study, we reveal that the inclusion of a poison exon in RBM39, which could be induced by both CDK9 or CDK9 independent cyclin-dependent kinases, mitogen-activated protein kinases, glycogen synthase kinases, CDC-like kinases (CMGC) kinase inhibition, is recognized by the nonsense-mediated messenger RNA decay pathway for degradation. Targeting this poison exon in RBM39 with CMGC inhibitors led to protein downregulation and the inhibition of ALL growth, particularly in relapsed/refractory B-ALL. Mechanistically, disruption of cotranscriptional splicing by the inhibition of CMGC kinases, including DYRK1A, or inhibition of CDK9, which phosphorylate the C-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II (Pol II), led to alteration in the SF3B1 and Pol II association. Disruption of SF3B1 and the transcriptional elongation complex altered Pol II pausing, which promoted the inclusion of a poison exon in RBM39. Moreover, RBM39 ablation suppressed the growth of human B-ALL, and targeting RBM39 with sulfonamides, which degrade RBM39 protein, showed strong antitumor activity in preclinical models. Our data reveal that relapsed/refractory B-ALL is susceptible to pharmacologic and genetic inhibition of RBM39 and provide 2 potential strategies to target this axis.
Focal deletions of a promoter tether activate the IRX3 oncogene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Authors: Rahman Sunniyat , Bloye Gianna , Farah Nadine , Demeulemeester Jonas , Costa Joana R. , O’Connor David , Pocock Rachael , Rapoz-D’Silva Tanya , Turna Adam , Wang Lingyi , Lee SooWah , Fielding Adele K. , Roels Juliette , Jaksik Roman , Dawidowska Małgorzata , Van Vlierberghe Pieter , Hadjur Suzana , Hughes Jim R. , Davies James O. J. , Gutierrez Alejandro , Kelliher Michelle A. , Van Loo Peter , Dawson Mark A. , Mansour Marc R.
Published: September 2024

Oncogenes can be activated in cis through multiple mechanisms including enhancer hijacking events and noncoding mutations that create enhancers or promoters de novo. These paradigms have helped parse somatic variation of noncoding cancer genomes, thereby providing a rationale to identify noncanonical mechanisms of gene activation. Here we describe a novel mechanism of oncogene activation whereby focal copy number loss of an intronic element within the FTO gene leads to aberrant expression of IRX3, an oncogene in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). Loss of this CTCF-bound element downstream to IRX3 (+224 kb) leads to enhancer hijack of an upstream developmentally active super-enhancer of the CRNDE long noncoding RNA (−644 kb). Unexpectedly, the CRNDE super-enhancer interacts with the IRX3 promoter with no transcriptional output until it is untethered from the FTO intronic site. We propose that “promoter tethering” of oncogenes to inert regions of the genome is a previously unappreciated biological mechanism preventing tumorigenesis.