bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PENGARUH PEMBERIAN PUPUK ORGANIK CAIR LIMBAH UDANG DAN BIOCHAR TEMPURUNG KELAPA TERHADAP KETERSEDIAAN N, P, DAN K TANAH PADA PERTUMBUHAN PAKCOY (Brassica rapa L.)
Authors: Putri Jovanka Fitriani Adinda , Herlambang Susila
Published: January 2025

Soil types such as Entisol have low nutrient availability and water-holding capacity. Shrimp waste organic fertilizer and coconut shell biochar can be used to improve the physical and chemical properties of Entisol soil. The purpose of this research was to determine the effect of shrimp waste liquid organic fertilizer and coconut shell biochar on the availability of N, P, and K in the soil for the growth of Pakcoy. The research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor was the concentration of shrimp waste liquid organic fertilizer consisting of P0 = 0 mL/L, P1 = 25 mL/L, P2 = 50 mL/L and P3 = 75 mL/L. The second factor was the dosage of coconut shell biochar consisting of B0 = 0 ton/ha, B1 = 10 ton/ha, B2 = 15 ton/ha and B3 = 20 ton/ha. The preliminary analysis parameters consisted of pH H2O, C-organic, N-available, P-available, K-available, N-total, P-total, K-total, and CEC. The research results were analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA), and to determine the differences between treatments, a 5% DMRT (Duncan Multiple Range Test) was conducted. The research results indicate that the use of liquid organic fertilizer from shrimp waste with a concentration of 50 mL/L and a dose of coconut shell biochar at 20 tons/ha can increase the organic carbon content in the soil from 0.03% to 0.05%. A concentration of 75 mL/L for liquid organic fertilizer from shrimp waste and a dose of 20 tons/ha for coconut shell biochar can increase the available nitrogen content in the soil from 16.24 ppm to 40.67 ppm. There is no interaction with the height, number of leaves, anda root length of Pakcoy plants.
Perceptions of Patients With Stroke Regarding an Immersive Virtual Reality–Based Exercise System for Upper Limb Rehabilitation: Questionnaire and Interview Study
Authors: Chen Jiayin , Or Calvin Kalun , Li Zhixian , Yeung Eric Hiu Kwong , Chen Tianrong
Published: January 2025

Background

With substantial resources allocated to develop virtual reality (VR)–based rehabilitation exercise programs for poststroke motor rehabilitation, it is important to understand how patients with stroke perceive these technology-driven approaches, as their perceptions can determine acceptance and adherence.

Objective

This study aimed to examine the perceptions of patients with stroke regarding an immersive VR-based exercise system developed to deliver shoulder, elbow, forearm, wrist, and reaching exercises.

Methods

A questionnaire was used to assess the perceptions of 21 inpatients who had experienced stroke (mean time from stroke onset: 37.2, SD 25.9 days; Brunnstrom stage of stroke recovery for the arm: 3-5) regarding the perceived usefulness of, ease of use of, attitude toward, intrinsic motivation for, and intention to use the exercise system. The measurement items were rated on a 7-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (very strongly disagree) to 7 (very strongly agree), with higher values indicating more positive perceptions. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the responses. Moreover, we conducted semistructured interviews that were audio recorded, transcribed, and subjected to content analysis to identify thematic patterns.

Results

The questionnaire results revealed that the patients’ perceptions of the exercise system were positive (mean ratings >6). The content analysis revealed 6 positive themes from 73 statements about the exercise system: ease of use, usefulness, enjoyment, motivation, accessibility, and game design. Conversely, 15 statements reflected negative perceptions, which were clustered into 3 themes: difficulty in handling VR devices, uncomfortable experiences when using VR devices, and monotony.

Conclusions

Integrating VR technology into poststroke functional exercises holds significant promise based on patient interests. However, patient preferences and adaptability must be considered to promote the technology’s success. VR-guided exercises should be user-friendly, health-promoting, engaging, and well-designed. Furthermore, addressing challenges, such as bulkiness, motion sickness, discomfort, and exercise monotony, is crucial for the widespread adoption and diffusion of this technology.
Impact of Remote Symptom Management on Exercise Adherence After Video-Assisted Thoracic Surgery for Lung Cancer in a Tertiary Hospital in China: Protocol for a Prospective Randomized Controlled Trial (Preprint)
Authors: Su Jianwei , Ye Cuiling , Zhang Qian , Liang Yi , Wu Jianwei , Liang Guixi , Cheng Yalan , Yang Xiaojuan
Published: January 2025

BACKGROUND

Regular pulmonary rehabilitation exercises are crucial for patients with lung cancer after surgery. However, poor adherence to outpatient exercises is difficult to address due to inadequate supervision. The integration of remote symptom management through electronic patient-reported outcomes (ePROs) offers a potential solution to improve adherence by enabling more effective monitoring and intervention.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to evaluate the impact of ePRO-based remote symptom management on enhancing adherence to outpatient pulmonary rehabilitation exercises following video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer.

METHODS

In this single-center, prospective, randomized controlled trial, 736 patients undergoing minimally invasive lung resection will be recruited. All patients will use a smartphone app for perioperative management, allowing periodic PRO measurement and recording of exercise participation. Upon discharge, patients will be randomly assigned 1:1 into either an intervention or control group. The intervention group will complete the Perioperative Symptom Assessment for Patients Undergoing Lung Surgery (PSA-Lung) scale on the day of discharge and postdischarge days 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28. Alerts will be triggered at the provider side if any of the 5 core symptoms (pain, cough, shortness of breath, sleep disturbance, and fatigue) scored ≥4, prompting remote symptom management. The control group will complete the PRO measures without triggering alerts. The primary outcome is the rehabilitation exercise adherence rate. Secondary outcomes include postdischarge pulmonary complication rate, 30-day readmission rate, trajectory of symptom severity changes, exercise participation rate, and patient satisfaction.

RESULTS

The enrollment of study participants started in December 2023 and is expected to end in March 2025. The final comprehensive analysis of the results is planned for May 2025, after all data have been collected and thoroughly reviewed.

CONCLUSIONS

This study is among the first to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of ePRO-based remote symptom management in enhancing rehabilitation adherence after video-assisted thoracic surgery for lung cancer. If successful, this approach could significantly influence postoperative care practices and potentially be adopted in similar settings.

CLINICALTRIAL

ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05990946; https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT05990946

INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT

DERR1-10.2196/60420
Skills of English-Chinese Figure Interpreting from the Perspective of Effort Models-A Report on Simulated Interpreting practice of An Intelligence Square Debate
Authors: Zou Hanshu
Published: January 2025

Figure interpreting has been one of the difficulties in interpretation study because figures are hard to remember, to be taken notes of and to be conversed between different languages, often leading to misinterpreting and lowering the quality of interpretation. However, figure interpreting being a significant area of study, has not received enough attention.Therefore, this essay, based on the author’s interpreting practice of an Intelligence Square debate on Has Globalization undermined American Workers, aims to analyse the frequency, reasons and types of figure errors statistically and provide suggestions on quickly and accurately delivering figure information under the guidance of Effort Models in English-Chinese consecutive interpreting.
To Peace, or Not to Peace: The Prospect of “Peace” in the Gaza Strip and West Bank
Authors: Yan Sam
Published: January 2025

In the protracted and deeply rooted Israel-Palestine conflict, efforts toward lasting peace remain fraught with complexity and division. Historical animosities, entrenched ideological divides, and cycles of violence have shaped a volatile region where conventional solutions often fall short. This article examines key moments, such as the Second Intifada and the October 7 Hamas attack, to underscore the systemic challenges that have perpetuated unrest. While the one-state and two-state models have dominated discourse, this analysis advocates for a more pragmatic approach, prioritizing humanitarian relief, regional stability, and incremental trust-building measures. Through a focus on shared security frameworks, enhanced Palestinian autonomy, and robust international engagement—particularly by the United States—the paper explores actionable steps that could reduce hostilities and establish a foundation for peace. By embracing realistic strategies grounded in mutual interests, the path to a more secure and just future for both Israelis and Palestinians may still be attainable.
SPECTROSCOPIC AND MOLECULAR DOCKING ANALYSIS OF PHYTOCONSTITUENT ISOLATED FROM SOLENOSTEMON MONOSTACHYUS AS POTENTIAL CYCLOOXYGENASE ENZYMES INHIBITOR
Authors: BABA HARUNA , BUNU SAMUEL J.
Published: January 2025

Objective: The study aimed to assess the anti-inflammatory activity of kaempferol-7-O-methylether, a phytoconstituent isolated from Solenostemon monostachyus.
Methods: Elemental characterization and structural elucidation of the dichloromethane fraction of the leaves using flash chromatography, gel filtration, thin layer chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and mass spectrometry resulted in the isolation of the novel kaempferol-7-O-methylether.
Results: Based on the purported anti-inflammatory ethnobotanical qualities, we performed in silico molecular docking experiments to determine if kaempferol-7-O-methyl ether mediates the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities, with acetylsalicylic acid, celecoxib, and diclofenac as standard controls. The molecular docking was performed using the crystal structures of the proteins PDB ID: 7M8W, 3N8Y, and 3LN1. The binding affinity of kaempferol-7-O-methyl ether to 7M8W, 3N8Y, and 3LN1 were-5.53,-7.38, and-7.22 kcal/mol, respectively. Kaempferol-7-O-methyl ether had a higher affinity than 15R-methyl-prostaglandin D2 and acetylsalicylic acid.
Conclusion: the novel Kaempferol-7-O-methyl ether isolated from S. monostachys leaves when modified, could serve as a potential lead molecule in the suppression of human target proteins or enzymes linked with pain and inflammation pathophysiology.
Examining the Intersections between Emotional Intelligence and Leadership Practices in Higher Education Institutions to Improve Institutional Success
Authors: Mbangula Daniel Kwalipo
Published: January 2025

The purpose of this paper is to look into how emotional intelligence (EI) and leadership practices help to improve higher education institutions’ success. The paper explored ways in which emotional intelligence can promote resilience and long-term success in educational settings by looking at how leaders with high EI contribute to institutional success. Furthermore, the paper emphasized how EI can be used to develop long-term leadership strategies that promote the welfare of faculty, students, and the higher education community at large. A crucial aspect of leadership practice is EI, which is the capacity of leaders to recognize how their behavior and feelings impact those around them within the institutions. This study’s results show that emotional intelligence is a crucial and highly relevant prerequisite for academic leadership practice in higher education institutions.
Furthermore, the study determined that the emotional intelligence qualities most relevant to academic leadership were those linked to empathy, motivating and directing others, and appropriately handling oneself. Emotional intelligence becomes apparent as a crucial leadership competency, highlighting how crucial it is for leaders to comprehend and control both their own and others’ emotions. Finally, there is a constant emphasis on the symbiotic relationship between leadership and a positive school culture, emphasizing the roles that leaders play in creating cooperative, trustworthy, and ever-improving learning environments. The researcher reviewed the existing literature based on the research questions. This study employs a systematic review approach by reviewing existing qualitative articles on intersections between emotional intelligence and leadership practices in higher education institutions to improve institutional success. Findings were obtained from the reviewed articles by forming themes to make a thorough analysis and draw conclusions.
Assessing the Impact of Climate-Induced Flooding on Mathematics Achievement Among Secondary Students in Nigeria
Authors: Etukudo Udobia Elijah , Eze Foluke Bosede
Published: January 2025

Climate change refers to variations in the weather pattern of a place over some time, which may lead to flooding, drought, or wildfire. In the River Niger Basin of the South-South Zone of Nigeria, climate change has resulted in flooding, which led to disruption in communication, commerce, economy, agriculture, and education. It also resulted in an interruption in academic activities in schools and thereafter, the consequential implication on the academic achievement of students which followed. This paper is a report of a causal-comparative or ex-post factor research into the effect of flooding on the achievement of secondary school students in mathematics in Ogba, Egbema, and Ndoni Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. Ten out of twenty-seven secondary schools were randomly sampled for the study. Five hundred students in their Senior Secondary Class Two (SS2) were randomly selected for the study. This comprised 250 boys and 250 girls. Fifty students (25 boys and 25 girls) were randomly selected from each of the ten schools. The students’ examination results used for the study for three terms were collected from the examination result master sheets and their achievement scores in mathematics were extracted and used for the analysis. The findings revealed that there exist significant differences in the achievement in mathematics of the students before, during, and after flooding. The data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Scheffe’s test and t-test. The result shows that achievement in mathematics was higher before and after flooding than during the flooding. The effect of climate change (flooding) on gender and achievement in mathematics was also studied. It was discovered that the gender gap in mathematics achievement of secondary school students widened during the flooding. This indicated that the effects of climate change on girls are worse than on boys educationally. The use of palliative to mitigate the effect of climate change–flooding, on the achievement of students in mathematics and, most importantly, the achievement of the girl child is recommended.
NARRATIVE REVIEW: TEETH WHITENING FOR DIFFERENT DISCOLOURATION CHALLENGES
Authors: YUSOF HAZIRA M
Published: January 2025

Nowadays, there are countless latest comprehensive studies done on the subject of tooth whitening for different discolouration challenges available coming out each year. The objective of this study is to provide an insight and guide to different tooth whitening modalities, their indications and potential side effects to ensure optimum treatment planning. The Scale for the Assessment of Narrative Review Articles (SANRA) is used as a guide for the articles chosen. Articles were searched in PubMed/Medline to identify relevant articles using the combination of search terms: teeth whitening, whitening toothpaste, tooth discolouration with a combination of each discolouration challenge. The literature retrieved was then narrowed down only for teeth whitening that corresponds to causative factors and the repeated and similar types of treatment were eliminated. A comprehensive literature search was conducted on PubMed and Scopus databases. A separate search was made on a Google search engine. The references from the reviewed material were used to locate other relevant publications. Different discolouration challenges will affect the final outcome of the treatment. It is vital for dentists to have knowledge of tooth whitening modalities available and their specific indications and limitations. Tooth whitening procedures are a minimally invasive way to improve dental aesthetic, conservatively.
WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAR: MICROBIOLOGY OF CHRONIC SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ANAEROBES AND ITS ANTIMICROBIAL SUSCEPTIBILITY PATTERN: OPTIMIZING ANTIMICROBIAL THERAPY IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL OF RURAL INDIA
Authors: BHAT PRIYA , BHUMBLA UPASANA , KAUR JASLEEN
Published: January 2025

Objective: To isolate etiological organisms of Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM), study the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, study the risk factors and associated co-morbid conditions with CSOM, and detect biofilm production in isolated bacteria.
Methods: An ear discharge specimen was obtained from the diseased ear of the patient, using three separate sterilized swabs. One of the swabs was used for Gram staining and Aerobic culture. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was done by the Kirby-Bauer standard disc diffusion method all the g-negative isolates were screened for Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) production and Amp C ß-lactamase production. Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) screening was done using a Cefoxitin disc. Biofilm production was done using the Tube method and Microtiter plate method. Anaerobic culture was inoculated into Robertson’s Cooked Meat (RCM) broth. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) mount was done using 10% KOH for the presence of budding yeast cells, fungal hyphae, and spores. Tubes showing positive cultures were examined by LactoPhenol Cotton Blue (LPCB) mount. Final Candida speciation and Antifungal susceptibility testing was done using VITEK-2.
Results: A total of 500 patients were included in the study, with 62.8% being males. The most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Fungi accounted for 30 isolates (5%) and anaerobes were 5 isolates (1%). Gram-negative bacteria were found to be most sensitive to Piperacillin-tazobactam (96%) while the highest resistance was noted to Amoxicillin-clavulanate (65%). 100% of Staphylococcus aureus isolates were sensitive to Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Teichoplanin.13% of S. aureus were found to be Cefoxitin resistant (MRSA). The highest resistance in S. aureus isolates was noted to Ciprofloxacin (65%).13% of isolates of Gram-negative bacteria had ESBL production while Amp C β-Lactamase production was noted in 9% of isolates. Out of 186 isolates tested for biofilm production, 149 isolates (80%) showed biofilm production. A total of 30 fungal isolates were obtained in culture. Aspergillus spp. Accounted for 66.6% of fungal isolates while Candida spp. accounted for 33.3% of fungal isolates. The sensitivity of Candida isolates was tested to Fluconazole, Itraconazole, Voriconazole, and Flucytosine and they were found to be 100% sensitive to all the antifungals tested.
Conclusion: CSOM often has polymicrobial pathology and creates a war in the middle ear environment, augmented by mixed aerobic and anaerobic organisms and synergism between aerobic and anaerobic organisms. A high rate of Clindamycin resistance was seen in anaerobe which is noteworthy because this is a frequently utilized antimicrobial for treating anaerobic infections.
EVALUATION OF SINIGRIN EFFECT IN NEUROPROTECTION AGAINST PARKINSON’S DISEASE AND NEUROPATHIC PAIN
Authors: SARAWADE RACHANA , UPASANI C. D.
Published: January 2025

Objective: The present study aims to evaluate the neuroprotective activity of Saponin: Sinigrin against Parkinson’s disease (PD) and associated neuropathic pain in rat model. A correlation between Parkinson’s disease (PD) associated neuropathic pain and predicting antioxidant, neuroprotective effects of Saponin: Sinigrin and its interspecific relation with the underlying mechanism.
Methods: Excitotoxicity with Mono Sodium Glutamate (MSG) (2 g/kg i. p) and neurotoxicity with Acrylamide (ACR) (30 mg/kg,i. p) was induced in rats, treated with standard dextromethorphan (30 mg/kg p. o), and Pregabalin (10 mg/kg,po) and test compound (Sinigrin 75 mg/kg) were tested for behavioral parameters viz: muscle rigidity, locomotor activity, mechanical hyperalgesia, cold allodynia, etc. and biochemical estimation from brain and sciatic nerve homogenate by sacrificing animals was done. Estimation of brain neurotransmitters (Dopamine, Gamma-Amino Butyric Acid (GABA) antioxidants, Glutathione (GSH) and Catalase(CAT), and oxidative stress Super Oxide Dismutase (SOD), Nitric oxide (NO) concentration, Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Myloperoxidase activity(MPO) was done. Statistical analysis was done using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison tests.
Results: Sinigrin showed a significant neuroprotective activity in rats compared to monosodium glutamate (2 gm/kg i. p. It was observed from the study that test drug Sinigrin produced a significant (p≤0.05) reduction in muscle rigidity, increased locomotor activity, left hind paw lifting duration, improved cold allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia. Brain neurotransmitter levels antioxidant (p≤0.01) were increased and oxidative stress (p≤0.01) was also reduced to that of the standard drug dextromethorphan.
Conclusion: The study suggests that Sinigrin is neuroprotective and can be used in the treatment of Parkinson’s Disease (PD) and associated Neuropathic Pain (NP).
A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE SAFETY AND EFFICACY OF SOME ORAL TRIPLE THERAPY REGIMENS IN PATIENTS WITH UNCONTROLLED TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS
Authors: G. LAVANYA , A. MAKARANDH , E. VENKATESHWARLU , B. S. SHARAVANABHAVA , K. SATHYANARAYANA
Published: January 2025

Objective: This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of oral triple therapies (Sitagliptin (S)+Dapagliflozin (D), Vildagliptin (V)+Dapagliflozin (D), Gliclazide (GL)+Vildagliptin (V), Glimepiride (GP)+Vildagliptin (V), Glimepiride (GP)+Voglibose (VG)) as add-ons to Metformin (M) in inadequately controlled Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients on dual therapy.
Methods: This prospective, observational, comparative and multi-centric study was conducted on 813 patients with T2DM. The effect of therapy on glycaemic control in 813 patients were assessed using appropriate statistical analysis before treatment and at 3 and 6 mo post-treatment.
Results: All the parameters [Glycated Haemoglobin (HbA1C), Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) and Post Lunch Blood Sugar (PLBS)] were evaluated before the treatment and reassessed 3 mo and 6 mo after treatment. Average HbA1C levels at baseline were 8.3±1.23, decreasing to 7.8±1.11 at 3 mo and 7.62±1.01 at 6 mo for M+GL+V, with significant differences (p<0.0017 and p<0.0001). For M+GP+V, HbA1C decreased from 9.12±0.8 to 8.5±0.7 and 8.1±0.7 (p<0.0001). M+GP+VG showed a reduction from 8.98±0.88 to 8.57±0.82 and 8.17±0.75 (p<0.0001). M+V+D demonstrated a drop from 9.33±0.98 to 7.98±0.80 and 7.13±0.6 (p<0.0001), while M+S+D showed reductions from 9.35±0.67 to 7.77±0.62 and 6.78±0.47 (p<0.0001). FBS and PLBS decreased significantly across all combinations. For M+S+D and M+V+D, the incidence of hypoglycaemia, dizziness, and weight gain was lower compared to other combinations.
Conclusion: M+S+D and M+V+D were most effective in controlling glucose levels, indicating a favourable safety profile and improved glycaemic control in T2DM patients.
A STUDY TO EVALUATE MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES’ PERSPECTIVE ON THE ELECTIVE MODULE: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
Authors: G. JUSTINA PRINCESS , BHUSHAN ARUNA
Published: January 2025

Objective: To evaluate the medical undergraduates’ perception of the newly introduced electives by using a questionnaire.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 150 medical undergraduates who were 1st batch for the electives in a medical college, Belagavi after completion of the third Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of surgery (MBBS) part 1. Approval and clearance were taken from Institutional Ethical Committee prior to the study. The informed consent and the data were collected by using a pre-designed questionnaire via google forms. The data collected was entered in the excel sheet, analysed and expressed in percentage.
Results: The average attendance maintained by the students was around 91%. All students had maintained a log book during electives. Nearly 49% of the students strongly agreed that the faculty were supportive, helpful and reachable to clear their doubts. 61.2% of students felt it was experiential learning, 19.7% felt it was supervised learning and 16.3% termed electives as immersive learning. 39% of students strongly agreed that electives are essential in the undergraduate curriculum.
Conclusion: This study, on the newly introduced module in Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum helps to overcome the difficulties experienced by students and to improve the module effectively. Students felt that the implementation was good, but still, it requires more orientation within departments, increased time duration along with a standardized protocol. They also felt that it was more clinically oriented rather than a normal teaching technique, which boosted their interest in the concerned subject.
Bacterial Growth Inhibition Potential of Nanoparticles Mycosynthesized from Soil Penicillium Species
Authors: K Mrs. Nethravathi
Published: January 2025

Nanotechnology is one of the promising technologies for various science applications in 21st century. Nanoparticles
synthesized through mycobiosynthesis are successfully used in wide area of science such as drug delivery agents in cancer
biology, food processing, medicine, agriculture, biomedical, etc. The diverse applications of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs)
instigated us to biosynthesis them from soil fungus, characterize and explore them for biological applications in the current
investigation. Mycobiosynthesis of Penicillium species isolated from the soil was confirmed by filtrate colour from colourless to
pink colour. Further production of AgNPs in fungal filtrate was witnessed by their distinct absorption peak in UV-visible
spectrophotometer at 440nm and four distinct powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) peaks at 2θ value of 38.4°, 44.5°, 64.90°, and
77.4°. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis of AgNPs revealed various functional groups possibly associated
with biosynthesis of AgNPs. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM) analysis indicated presence of various
sizes of AgNPs ranging from 10 to 90nm and 40-50nm being dominant sizes of nanoparticles. AgNPs evaluated for biological
activity showed substantial antibacterial activity against E. coli and S. aureus. Nanoparticles indicated significant inhibition of
Escherichia coli growth at exponential to death phase of bacterial growth curve. In addition to antibacterial potential, AgNPs
also revealed significant anti-diabetic activity with IC50 of 182µg when screened from 12.5 µg to 400 µg concentration. It is
inferred that bio-fabrication of AgNPs from Penicillium sp with potential biological applications was successfully achieved using
an environmental friendly technique.
Phyllanthus Emblica: The Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Activity and Therapeutic Application of Amla
Authors: Bajpai Anshuman , Shukla Jahnvi , Singh Himanshu , Dwivedi Anshu Kumar , Shukla Amit , Verma Ashutosh , Shukla Vaibhav , Dwivedi Vikas
Published: January 2025

Abstract: PhyllanthusEmblica, Indian Gooseberry and in Sanskrit we all known as “AMALAKI”, is a small to medium sized
deciduous tree. It belongs to the Family Phyllanthus. Amalaki is the one of the most beneficial components in Ayurveda, Unani,
Siddha and Chinese Medicine System. Amalaki is a type of notable fruit due to it’s high level of Vit-C. According to “CHARAK
SAMHITA” amalaki is used to treat a lot of disease we also called it ‘AMRIT PHALA’ which mean ‘Fruit Of Heaven’. Tridosha
and Panchbhuta both are the principle of oldest medicine system in world AYURVEDA , and AMLA is well mentioned in
Ayurveda for it’s traditional uses and theurepeutic applications. So in this review Article we concern the phytochemistry,
pharmacololgical activity and therapeutic application of Amla. The different chemical constituents found in Amalki are showing
fallowing activities- Antioxidant, Antitussive, Anti-inflammatory, Antiviral, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Antimicrobial, Antidiabetic,Cardioprotectivce, Hypolipidemicetc
The Impact Of Information Asymmetry On Esg And Intellectual Capital In Reducing Equity Costs
Authors: Nabila Firda , Saraswati Erwin , Prastiwi Arum
Published: January 2025

Purpose: This study examines the effect of intellectual capital and ESG disclosures on equity costs, with information asymmetry as a moderating variable.
Methodology/approach: This quantitative study uses an explanatory approach, focusing on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2019-2022. Secondary data from annual reports were analyzed using Moderated Regression Analysis.
Findings: The results of the study show that intellectual capital disclosure and ESG can reduce the cost of capital. High information asymmetry can weaken the negative relationship between ICD on the cost of capital.
Practical implications: For companies with the results of this study, it can be considered to maximize the benefits of ESG ICD disclosure in reducing the cost of capital, companies need to focus on reducing information asymmetry. This can be done through the presentation of more complete, detailed, and verifiable information about ESG and ICD performance.
Originality/value: Including information asymmetry as a moderating variable, this study offers a new perspective, highlighting how the effect of intellectual capital and ESG disclosures on equity costs depends on information distribution, a factor previously underexplored.
Combination of Physical Methods and Active Charcoal in Reducing Calcium Oxalate Levels in Kimpul Taro Flour (Xanthosoma sagittifolium)
Authors: Noviasari Santi , Zaidiyah Zaidiyah , Lubis Yanti Meldasari
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Kimpul Taro tuber is a source of carbohydrates that is widely grown in Indonesia but contains anti-nutritional compounds, namely calcium oxalate. Calcium oxalate can cause itching, irritation, and burning sensation in the mouth, skin, and digestive tract. This study was conducted to determine the effect of the combination of physical methods and activated charcoal on the reduction of calcium oxalate levels in Kimpul taro flour from Aceh Province, Indonesia. The physical method of boiling and steaming with and without the addition of 6% activated charcoal was used in this study. The parameters observed in this study were calcium oxalate content, water content, ash content, crude fiber content, water absorption, and total starch. The results showed that physical treatment can reduce levels of calcium oxalate in Kimpul taro flour. The lowest levels of calcium oxalate were obtained in the boiling method, with calcium oxalate levels of 25.82 mg/100 g. Low oxalate Kimpul taro flour can be used as a local food raw material for food diversification and to reduce the use of wheat flour.Abstrak: Talas Kimpul merupakan sumber karbohidrat yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia, namun mengandung komponen anti nutrisi yang disebut kalsium oksalat. Kalsium oksalat dapat menyebabkan gatal, iritasi, sensasi terbakar pada mulut, kulit, dan saluran pencernaan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan pengaruh kombinasi metode fisik dan arang aktif terhadap penurunan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul di Provinsi Aceh, Indonesia. Metode fisik yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah perebusan dan pengukusan dengan dan tanpa penambahan 6% arang aktif. Parameter yang diamati adalah kadar kalsium oksalat, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar serat kasar, daya serap air, dan total pati. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan fisik dapat menurunkan kadar kalsium oksalat pada talas Kimpul. Kadar kalsium oksalat terendah diperoleh pada perlakuan metode perebusan yaitu 25,82 mg/100 g. Tepung talas kimpul rendah oksalat dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pangan lokal untuk diversifikasi pangan dan mengurangi penggunaan tepung terigu.
Screening and Identification of Mangrove Plant Sonneratia alba Sm. Endophytic Bacteria From Enggano Island, Bengkulu Province
Authors: Fatimatuzzahra Fatimatuzzahra , Wibowo Risky Hadi , Sipriyadi Sipriyadi , Simanjuntak Putri Hezekiel Claracia , Johan Yar
Published: January 2025

Abstract: The mangrove plants from Enggano Island are found in a well-preserved ecosystem. Mangroves contain secondary metabolite compounds that result from the interaction between plants and endophytic bacteria. This study aims to obtain endophytic bacterial isolates from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba Sm. from Enggano Island and to assess bacterial diversity. Endophytic bacteria were isolated using grinding and then diluted with serial dilutions of 10-1, 10-3, and 10-5. The growing bacteria were purified using the quadrant streak method. They were then identified by observing colony morphology, Gram staining, and biochemical tests including catalase, motility, citrate, urea, and sugar fermentation tests. Bacterial identification was carried out using Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. A total of 22 endophytic bacterial isolates were collected from the mangrove plant Sonneratia alba from Enggano Island, consisting of 4 genera: Bacillus, Marinococcus, Micrococcus, and Pseudomonas. There were 17 isolates closely related to the genus of Bacillus, 1 isolate closely related to the Marinococcus, 2 isolates closely related to the Micrococcus, and 2 isolates closely related to the Pseudomonas.Abstrak: Tumbuhan mangrove asal Pulau Enggano berada pada ekosistem yang masih terjaga. Mangrove memiliki kandungan senyawa metabolit sekunder yang merupakan hasil interaksi antara tumbuhan dan bakteri endofit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh isolat bakteri endofit tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba Sm. asal Pulau Enggano dan mendapatkan keanekaragaman bakteri. Isolasi bakteri endofit dilakukan dengan metode gerus, kemudian diencerkan dengan pengenceran berseri dari 10-1, 10-3, dan 10-5. Bakteri yang tumbuh dimurnikan dengan metode gores kuadran. Kemudian diidentifikasi dengan mengamati morfologi koloni, pewarnaan Gram, dan uji biokimia meliputi uji katalase, uji motilitas, uji sitrat, uji urea, uji gula-gula. Kemudian dilakukan identifikasi bakteri dengan buku Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Total isolat bakteri endofit yang berhasil dikoleksi dari tumbuhan mangrove Sonneratia alba asal Pulau Enggano adalah sebanyak 22 isolat dengan keanekaragaman bakteri endofit yang terdiri dari 4 genus yaitu Bacillus, Marinococcus, Micrococcus, dan Pseudomonas. Isolat yang memiliki kedekatan dengan genus Bacilus adalah sebanyak 17, yang memiliki kedekatan genus Marinococcus hanya 1 isolat, yang memiliki kedekatan dengan genus Micrococcus adalah 2 isolat, dan 2 isolat memiliki kedekatan dengan genus Pseudomonas.
Conservation Status of Quranic Medicinal Plant Species: Review of Indonesian Case Study
Authors: Solihah Saniyatun Mar'atus , Kuswantoro Farid
Published: January 2025

Abstract: Plant use is well documented in many religions, beliefs, and cultures, including Islam. Essential plants of Islam are mentioned in the Quran. Indonesia, a biodiversity-rich country, has numerous medicinal plants, some of which are listed in the Quran. However, scientific approaches to documenting this plant conservation still need to be improved. Thus, this study aims to provide information regarding the conservation status of Quranic medicinal plant species and the ex-situ conservation efforts conducted in Indonesia. This study was conducted using secondary data acquirement. This study found that 35 medicinal plants are listed in the Quran, with two species listed as a vulnerable conservation status. Twelve of these plants are conserved in the Indonesian botanic gardens. At the same time, the newly founded Quranic plant thematic garden in Bogor Botanic Garden also contains several Quranic medicinal plants listed in this study. This study concludes that Quranic medicinal plants exist, and some are already conserved ex-situ in Indonesia. Although conservation should be improved for plants yet to be conserved, the study data could formulate future conservation, education, and research programs covering Quranic plant botany and bioprospecting to support its conservation and sustainable utilization.Abstrak: Pemanfaatan tumbuhan telah terdokumentasi secara baik dalam berbagai agama, kepercayaan dan kebudayaan, termasuk Islam. Tumbuhan penting dalam Islam disebutkan dalam Al-Quran. Sebagai negara yang kaya biodiversitas, Indonesia memiliki banyak tumbuhan obat yang beberapa diantaranya disebutkan pula dalam Al-Quran. Namun, pendekatan ilmiah untuk mendokumentasikan status konservasi tumbuhan-tumbuhan tersebut masih perlu ditingkatkan. Karena itu, studi ini bertujuan untuk menyediakan informasi mengenai status konservasi dan upaya konservasi ex-situ tumbuhan obat Al-Quran di Indonesia. Studi ini dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan data sekunder. Hasil studi ini menujukan bahwa 35 jenis tumbuhan obat disebutkan dalam Al-Quran, dengan dua diataranya merupakan tumbuhan dengan status rentan. Dua belas diatara jenis-jenis tumbuhan tersebut telah dikoleksi pada beberapa kebun raya di Indonesia.  Sementara itu, taman tematik khusus berisi tumbuhan Al-Quran yang menampung sebagian tumbuhan yang termuat dalam daftar pada studi ini juga didirikan di Kebun Raya Bogor. Studi ini menyimpulkan bahwa tumbuhan obat yang disebutkan dalam Al-Quran hidup dan beberapa telah dikonservasi secara ex-situ di Indonesia. Walaupun upaya konservasi tumbuhan obat Al-Quran masih perlu ditingkatkan, terutama untuk tumbuhan yang belum dikoleksi secara ex-situ, data pada studi ini dapat digunakan dalam menyusun upaya konservasi, pendidikan dan penelitian mengenai botani dan biospropeksi tumbuhan obat Al-Quran untuk mendukung upaya konservasi dan pemanfaatan berkelanjutannya.
THE VALIDITY OF USED GOODS AUCTION PRACTICES ON FACEBOOK PLATFORM
Authors: Syifa Un Nafsi  , Fahmi Chairul , Sholihin Riadhus
Published: January 2025

This study analyzes the validity of used goods auction practices through social media Facebook from the perspective of Islamic law, focusing on the existence of elements of gharar (unclarity) and tadlis (fraud). The author uses a qualitative research method with an empirical approach to understand social problems or human problems based on the creation of holistic images formed with words, reporting the views of informants in detail, and arranged in a scientific setting. Online auctions are a popular alternative to buying and selling, but often cause problems related to the clarity of goods and the transparency of the auction process. The practice of gharar is found in incomplete descriptions of goods, while tadlis occurs through price manipulation by sellers or auction participants. In Islamic law, the validity of an auction depends on the fulfillment of the pillars and conditions of buying and selling, including the clarity of the object, price, and honesty of the parties to the contract. This study emphasizes the importance of transparency, fairness, and openness in online auctions to ensure compliance with sharia principles, thus creating fair transactions and avoiding losses for the parties involved.
Habit of watching English movies in improving vocabulary: What do the students say?
Authors: Adrefiza Adrefiza , Wulandari Kiki , Haryanti Reny
Published: January 2025

This study investigates students' perceptions of how watching English movies influences vocabulary development. A descriptive qualitative approach was used, involving a questionnaire completed by 50 students and semi-structured interviews with eight purposefully selected students from the English Language Education Study Program (ELESP) at the Faculty of Education, Universitas Jambi. Findings reveal that students perceive a positive impact from the habit of watching English movies, indicating it as beneficial for vocabulary enhancement. The selected participants met two criteria: regular experience watching English movies and completion of core courses in Listening, Speaking, Reading, Grammar, and Vocabulary. The study highlights improvement primarily in receptive and productive vocabulary, especially in informal language, idioms, and slang. It is recommended that lecturers integrate English movie watching into classroom activities or suggest it as a supplementary tool to foster vocabulary growth and overall language proficiency.
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Overweight and Obesity in Reproductive Women of a Municipality in Western Nepal
Authors: Bhandari Keshav Raj , Bahadur Pachhai Deepak , Parajuli Shova , Kandel Kamal , Prasad Upadhyay Hari
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Overweight and obesity are major health-related problems causing an economic burden on societies around the world. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity and to determine the associated factors among reproductive women in a municipality in western Nepal. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was performed and data was collected by convenience sampling method including 353 women aged 15-45 years. Chi-Square test was used to assess the factors associated with overweight and obesity. The odds ratio was computed using binary logistic regression analysis. Results: The prevalence of overweight and obesity was 55% . Age (p < 0.001), education (p = 0.02), occupation (p = 0.012), marital status (p = 0.008), presence of chronic disease (p < 0.001), dietary pattern (p = 0.01), restaurant visit (p = 0.002) and stress (p = 0.003) were significant associated factors for overweight including obesity. The odds of being overweight or obesity was higher but not statistically significant in women aged 25-35 years (OR = 2.57 ; 95% CI: 0.89-7.4, p = 0.082), in married women (OR = 1.54; 95% CI: 1.08-2.02), and in parous women (OR = 2.38; 95 % CI: 4.05-27.57). The odds of being overweight or obese were significantly higher in the respondents who had no chronic disease  (OR = 6.81, 95% CI: 2.10-10.16). Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of overweight and obesity in our sample. Age, education, occupation, marital status, presence of chronic disease, dietary pattern, restaurant visits, and stress were associated with overweight or obesity.
Birth Preparedness and Complication Readiness among Husbands Whose Wives were Delivered Within the Last 12 Months: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Prajapati Rupa , Maharjan Surendra
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Birth preparedness and complication readiness (BPCR) is an essential element of the antenatal care package which promotes pregnant women and their families to effectively plan for normal births and prepares them for any complications that may arise.  This study aimed to explore the husbandsâ€™ preparedness and their knowledge level of BPCR. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 117 husbands whose wives delivered within the last 12 months in the out-patient and in-patient wards of the Obstetrics and Pediatrics departments of a medical college. The data were collected from August to December 2021 using a non-probability purposive sampling technique and a pre-tested semi-structured interview questionnaire.  The statistical analysis was made at 95% confidence level. The data were summarized and described using descriptive statistics such as proportion, percentage, ratios, frequency distribution, mean and standard deviation. Results:  None of the respondents knew all the three key danger signs of the postpartum period. More than three-quarters (78.6%) of the husbands were prepared in the BPCR component. Conclusion: Few husbands knew all the key danger signs during pregnancy, labor, postpartum and newborn periods. Slightly more than three-quarters of husbands were prepared well for birth and complication readiness. Individual components of BPCR was also poor among the respondents.
Screen Time in Children of Central Nepal: A Parent Reported Cross-sectional Study during COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Bhurtel Radha , Pokhrel Ram Prasad , Sharma Sumitra
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The insurgence of COVID-19 has affected many aspects of human life and its repercussions on the life of children cannot be undermined. In addition to the serious impact on health and food insecurity, lack of recreational activities, school closure and switch to online learning have pushed children to excessive screen exposure. This study aimed to assess the duration of screen time and parental perspective towards screen viewing in children during the pandemic. Methods: A community-based descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out in Bharatpur Metropolitan City. A total of 384 parents were included purposively. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to interview the parents during the pandemic for one month. During the data collection, appropriate universal precautions for COVID-19 were taken. Results: The median duration of screen exposure was two hours (30 minutes to 9 hours). Most (65%) of the parents stated that their children spent more time on screen compared to pre-COVID-19 times. The majority (82%) of the parents were worried about the possible consequences of excessive screen time. More than two-thirds (72%) of parents thought that screen exposure also has various benefits for children. Conclusion: Most of the children exceeded the duration of screen time recommended by the World Health Organization. Most of the parents were worried about the harmful effects on the health and behavior of children.
Antihypertensive Drug Use Pattern in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Region of Nepal: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Karki Naresh , Kandel Kamal , Prasad Pravin , Khanal Jeevan
Published: January 2025

Introduction: Assessing antihypertensive drug use pattern always plays an important role to mitigate the burden of hypertension and also helps doctors to prescribe the drugs rationally. This study was conducted to assess antihypertensive drug use pattern in a tertiary care hospital. Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted in the Internal Medicine department of Lumbini Medical College and Teaching Hospital from July 2021 to December 2021 for the duration of five months after ethics approval. Hypertensive patients who were prescribed one or more antihypertensive drugs irrespective of age and gender were included. Socio-demographic profiles, clinical characteristics, and antihypertensive drug use-related data were collected. A convenience sampling technique was used. Categorical variables were expressed as frequency and percentage while continuous variables were reported as mean Â± standard deviation. Results: A total of 224 patients were included. The average number of antihypertensive drugs per patient was 1.7 Â± 0.8. Combination drug therapy (54.5%) was commonly used. Calcium channel blockers (Amlodipine) were commonly prescribed (66.5%). Moreover, 98.7% and 41.5% patients were prescribed drugs from Essential Drug List of Nepal (Revised 2016) and in Fixed Dose Combination respectively. Use of combination drug therapy was higher among male patients (p = 0.003) and patients with stage II hypertension (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Calcium channel blockers were commonly used as monotherapy and in combination therapy as well. In approximately all of the patients, antihypertensive drugs were used from the essential drug list of Nepal which is an essential component of rational use of medicine.