bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Labor Rationing
Authors: Breza Emily , Kaur Supreet , Shamdasani Yogita
Published: September 2021

This paper measures excess labor supply in equilibrium. We induce hiring shocks—which employ 24 percent of the labor force in external month-long jobs—in Indian local labor markets. In peak months, wages increase instantaneously and local aggregate employment declines. In lean months, consistent with severe labor rationing, wages and aggregate employment are unchanged, with positive employment spillovers on remaining workers, indicating that over a quarter of labor supply is rationed. At least 24 percent of lean self-employment among casual workers occurs because they cannot find jobs. Consequently, traditional survey approaches mismeasure labor market slack. Rationing has broad implications for labor market analysis. (JEL E24, J22, J23, J31, J64, O15, R23)
Optimising access and provision of interventional radiology service to patients by utilising a new referral system
Authors: Diamantopoulos Athanasios , Theodoulou Iakovos , Ghobrial Stephanos , Taliadoros Vasilis , Thulasidasan Narayanan , Raja Usman , Nourzaie Romman , Karunanithy Narayan , Cronin Bernadette
Published: September 2021

Objective:

Implementing a streamlined interventional radiology (IR) service in the UK has been a challenge. This study aims to review a set of changes introduced in IR at a tertiary centre, including a new referral process and the designation of IR clinical nurse specialists.

Methods:

A new process of referring patients to IR using a single generic referral pathway was implemented, replacing an order dropdown-based system. A qualitative survey was designed and distributed as a single-use web link in order to assess the satisfaction and impact of this new process. Responses were based on Likert scale and pertained to perceived qualities of the new referral process. Data analysis was performed to identify specialty and grade-specific trends and possible differences amongst groups.

Results:

Findings from 98 respondents revealed a strong overall satisfaction with the new referral method and support for its continuation. Subgroup analysis by specialty, concluded medical specialties rated the new referral system more favourably than surgical specialties across all aspects: time efficiency, ease of use, periprocedural support and overall user experience. The new system also increased departmental productivity with an increase in the number of patients treated by 11.2%.

Conclusion:

Micropolicy changes within individual IR departments such as the replacement of a request-based referral system to one which puts IR in control of vetting and patient flow is one of many changes that reinforce the transformational phase of this specialty.

Advances in knowledge:

Micropolicy changes within IR departments are key in the progression and widespread recognition of the specialty.
Ocean Lagrangian Trajectories (OLTraj): Lagrangian analysis for non-expert users
Authors: Dall'Olmo Giorgio , Nencioli Francesco , Jackson Thomas , Brewin Robert J. W. , Gittings John A. , Raitsos Dionysios E.
Published: September 2021

Lagrangian analysis is becoming increasingly important to better understand the ocean's biological and biogeochemical cycles. Yet, biologists and chemists often lack the technical skills required to set up such analyses. Here, we present a new product of pre-computed ocean Lagrangian trajectories (OLTraj) targeting non-expert users, and demonstrate how to use it by means of worked examples. OLTraj is based on satellite-derived geostrophic currents, which allows one to directly compare it with other in-situ or satellite products. We anticipate that OLTraj will foster a new interest in Lagrangian applications in ocean biology and biogeochemistry.
How Real Is Hunger?
Authors: Kurowska Justyna
Published: September 2021

The present paper looks at a fictional account of the Bengal famine of 1943 in order to locate relevant historical information regarding a specific period of time (Chatterjee 2014) and identify elements that would allow it to be read as an example of the ‘prose of the world’ in Ranajit Guha’s understanding of the term (Guha 2002). The narrative of Amr̥tlāl Nāgar’s Bhūkh is framed through author’s recourse to his own experience, artistic and historical research, lived emotions and personal feeling of urgency to record the event. By repeatedly raising the claim of authenticity of his testimonial, Nāgar unwittingly draws us into an investigation of his relationship with the main narrator and the protagonist of his work. This, in turn, reveals the absence of clarity on the part of the author—he seems in two minds when discussing the role of the elites in making of the famine and is unable to either criticise or justify their failure to act. Further, the paper investigates social reality presented in the novel; the naturalistic, progressive aesthetics used in the description of the embodied violence of hunger; and the portrayal of the protagonist whose vantage point makes the story significantly detached from the ‘masses’ depicted variously as insects or savages, driven by hunger and hunger only. Principal focaliser’s upper-caste perspective allows him to feel superior to the less fortunate ‘skeletons’ and ultimately justify his survival by saving a seemingly upper cast infant, the action understood by him as equal to saving the entire human race. However, to my mind, the reality of hunger presented by the protagonist is conventional, self-centred, and lacks in-depth social criticism.
Enrique Dussel e a filosofia da libertação
Authors: Scoralick Klinger
Published: September 2021

A filosofia de libertação proposta por Enrique Dussel apresenta-se como uma crítica aos fundamentos filosóficos da modernidade que se encontram atrelados à ideia da dominação, da conquista, da totalidade. Propondo uma filosofia atenta à exterioridade do outro desde sua positividade – que se encontra excluída da ordem mundial, e que grita e reclama justiça – Enrique Dussel lança as bases de um novo modelo de racionalidade, fundamentalmente ético, voltado para a periferia.
João Augusto Mac Dowell: uma gênese da fenomenologia no Brasil.
Authors: Mac Dowell, S.J. João Augusto Anchieta Amazonas , Guimarães Deborah Moreira , Pereira Newton Gomes , Silva Taciane Alves da
Published: September 2021

Entrevista com João Augusto Mac Dowell, S.J. por Deborah Moreira Guimarães, Newton Gomes Pereira e Taciane Alves da Silva Esta entrevista foi elaborada por Deborah Moreira Guimarães, Newton Gomes Pereira e Taciane Alves da Silva. As perguntas foram enviadas por e-mail ao professor e pesquisador Padre João Augusto Mac Dowell, que as respondeu por escrito. Agradecemos ao Prof. João Mac Dowell não apenas a disposição em realizar a entrevista como também a gentileza e a solicitude para com o corpo editorial da Revista Ekstasis.
Canine separation anxiety: how first referral practices can help
Authors: Heirs Morag , Graham Heather
Published: September 2021

There are currently approximately 10.1 million pet dogs in the UK, equating to about 26% of the UK adult population owning a dog. Early research indicates that dogs have played an essential role in helping their owners to cope throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. This article explores the potential impact of lockdown on the canine experience and the risk of developing separation-related behavioural problems, as well as how first referral veterinary practices can support their clients through this.
Nutritional management of feline chronic enteropathy
Authors: Groves Ellie
Published: September 2021

Feline chronic enteropathy covers a heterogeneous range of conditions, including food responsive enteropathies, inflammatory bowel disease and antibiotic-responsive diarrhoea. Dietary management can be extremely helpful, both as a diagnostic and therapeutic tool, when managing many of these patients. A high proportion of cats with chronic enteropathy are thought to be either food-sensitive or food-responsive, and appropriate nutritional support can help to optimise the short- and longer-term management of gastrointestinal disease. Three key dietary options exist: highly digestible gastrointestinal diets, hydrolysed diets and novel protein diets. Highly digestible diets and help to reduce exposure to dietary antigens, minimise complications associated with undigested food and aid nutrient absorption. Novel protein diets, based on a protein source a cat has not previously eaten, or a hydrolysed diet, where protein sources have been reduced in size to below the molecular weight of most food allergens, can help support cats with an underlying food sensitivity (allergy or intolerance), and may also benefit individuals in cases where a true food sensitivity does not underlie the clinical signs. Improvements with appropriate dietary intervention can be dramatic and rapid, with resolution of clinical signs within 2 weeks. This article explores the rationale for each of the three types of diet that can be considered for a diet trial, and the current evidence supporting their use. It also briefly covers recommendations for diet introduction and advice to support clients when considering a diet trial.
Small animal Review
Authors: Craig Mark
Published: September 2021

This month's Small Animal Review explores issues relating to additives in pet food, how diet can be used therapeutically in canine epilepsy, and the evidence for herbal treatments in dogs with skin problems.
Robotic-arm assisted THA can achieve precise cup positioning in developmental dysplasia of the hip
Authors: Hayashi Shinya , Hashimoto Shingo , Kuroda Yuichi , Nakano Naoki , Matsumoto Tomoyuki , Ishida Kazunari , Shibanuma Nao , Kuroda Ryosuke
Published: September 2021

Aims

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of implant placement with robotic-arm assisted total hip arthroplasty (THA) in patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH).

Methods

The study analyzed a consecutive series of 69 patients who underwent robotic-arm assisted THA between September 2018 and December 2019. Of these, 30 patients had DDH and were classified according to the Crowe type. Acetabular component alignment and 3D positions were measured using pre- and postoperative CT data. The absolute differences of cup alignment and 3D position were compared between DDH and non-DDH patients. Moreover, these differences were analyzed in relation to the severity of DDH. The discrepancy of leg length and combined offset compared with contralateral hip were measured.

Results

The mean values of absolute differences (postoperative CT-preoperative plan) were 1.7° (standard deviation (SD) 2.0) (inclination) and 2.5° (SD 2.1°) (anteversion) in DDH patients, and no significant differences were found between non-DDH and DDH patients. The mean absolute differences for 3D cup position were 1.1 mm (SD 1.0) (coronal plane) and 1.2 mm (SD 2.1) (axial plane) in DDH patients, and no significant differences were found between two groups. No significant difference was found either in cup alignment between postoperative CT and navigation record after cup screws or in the severity of DDH. Excellent restoration of leg length and combined offset were achieved in both groups.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that robotic-assisted THA may achieve precise cup positioning in DDH patients, and may be useful in those with severe DDH. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2021;10(10):629–638.
A preliminary study on the size structure and sex ratio of orange-spotted grouper (Epinephelus coioides Hamilton, 1822) harvested from Kwandang Bay, Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia
Authors: Achmad Dewi Shinta , Nurdin Muh Saleh , Yasin Indri Afriani , Indrianti Merita Ayu , Mokoginta Meity M , Fahrullah Fahrullah , Suparwata Dewa Oka , Gobel Yusriyah Atikah , Djibran Moh. Muchlis , Mokoolang Susan
Published: September 2021

Orange-spotted grouper is one of the coral reef fish has the economic value and exploited by local fisherman. Information about the size structure and sex ratio are urgent to formulate a policy for sustainability. This research aims to analyze the size structure and sex ratio of the orange-spotted grouper in Kwandang Bay. The research was conducted from December 2016 to November 2017. Sampling is carried out twice a month for one year. The total sample of orange-spotted grouper used for the analysis of the sex ratio was 149 individuals. Sample of orange-spotted grouper collected from fish landed and middlemen (grouper traders) at the Kwandang Fishing Port. Data analysis applying chi-square. The results show that males bigger than females. The sex ratio of orange-spotted grouper is 87.25 % female, 7.38 % male, and 5.37 % hermaphrodites. Orange-spotted grouper dominated by females and undergoes a gonad differentiation to male (protogynous hermaphrodite). It is concluded that The size of the male orange-spotted grouper is larger than that of the female grouper. The caught orange-spotted grouper is dominated by the female phase and undergoes a differentiation of the gonad from female to male (protogynous hermaphrodite)
Entrepreneurs to Watch
Authors: OPN Staff
Published: September 2021

In a new feature, OPN throws the spotlight on a selection of
creative scientists and engineers—and the enterprises they’re
building.
Clinical profile and mortality in patients with T. cruzi/HIV co-infection from the multicenter data base of the “Network for healthcare and study of Trypanosoma cruzi/HIV co-infection and other immunosuppression conditions”
Authors: Shikanai-Yasuda Maria Aparecida , Mediano Mauro Felippe Felix , Novaes Christina Terra Gallafrio , Sousa Andréa Silvestre de , Sartori Ana Marli Christovam , Santana Rodrigo Carvalho , Correia Dalmo , Castro Cleudson Nery de , Severo Marilia Maria dos Santos , Hasslocher-Moreno Alejandro Marcel , Fernandez Marisa Liliana , Salvador Fernando , Pinazo Maria Jesús , Bolella Valdes Roberto , Furtado Pedro Carvalho , Corti Marcelo , Neves Pinto Ana Yecê , Fica Alberto , Molina Israel , Gascon Joaquim , Viñas Pedro Albajar , Cortez-Escalante Juan , Ramos Alberto Novaes , Almeida Eros Antonio de
Published: September 2021

Objective

Chagas disease (CD) globalization facilitated the co-infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) in endemic and non-endemic areas. Considering the underestimation ofTrypanosoma cruzi (T.cruzi)-HIV co-infection and the risk of life-threatening Chagas Disease Reactivation (CDR), this study aimed to analyze the major co-infection clinical characteristics and its mortality rates.

Methods

This is a cross-sectional retrospective multicenter study of patients with CD confirmed by two serological or one parasitological tests, and HIV infection confirmed by immunoblot. CDR was diagnosed by direct microscopy with detection of trypomastigote forms in the blood or other biological fluids and/or amastigote forms in inflammatory lesions.

Results

Out of 241 patients with co-infection, 86.7% were from Brazil, 47.5% had <200 CD4+T cells/μL and median viral load was 17,000 copies/μL. Sixty CDR cases were observed. Death was more frequent in patients with reactivation and was mainly caused by CDR. Other causes of death unrelated to CDR were the manifestation of opportunistic infections in those with Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. The time between the co-infection diagnosis to death was shorter in patients with CDR. Lower CD4+cells count at co-infection diagnosis was independently associated with reactivation. Similarly, lower CD4+cells numbers at co-infection diagnosis and male sex were associated with higher lethality in CDR. Additionally, CD4+cells were lower in meningoencephalitis than in myocarditis and milder forms.

Conclusion

This study showed major features onT.cruzi-HIV co-infection and highlighted the prognostic role of CD4+cells for reactivation and mortality. Since lethality was high in meningoencephalitis and all untreated patients died shortly after the diagnosis, early diagnosis, immediate antiparasitic treatment, patient follow-up and epidemiological surveillance are essentials inT.cruzi/HIV co-infection and CDR managements.
Occult focal cortical dysplasia may predict poor outcome of surgery for drug-resistant mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
Authors: Nowak Arkadiusz , Bala Aleksandra
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The results of surgery in patients with mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE) associated with hippocampal sclerosis (HS) are favorable, with a success rate over 70% following resection. An association of HS with focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) in the temporal lobe is one of the potential causes for poor surgical outcome in MTLE. We aimed to analyzed seizure outcome in a population of MTLE patients and recognize the role of occult FCD in achieving postoperative seizure control.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed postoperative outcomes for 82 consecutive adult patients with the syndrome of MTLE due to HS, who had no concomitant lesions within temporal lobe in MRI and who underwent surgical treatment in the years 2005–2016, and correlated factors associated with seizure relapse.

Results

At the latest follow-up evaluation after surgery, 59 (72%) were free of disabling seizures (Engel Class I) and 48 (58,5%) had an Engel Class Ia. HS associated with FCD in neocortical structures were noted in 33 patients (40%). Analyzes have shown that dual pathology was the most significant negative predictive factor for Engel class I and Engel class Ia outcome.

Conclusions

The incidence of dual pathology in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy seems to be underestimated. An incomplete epileptogenic zone resection of occult focal temporal dysplasia within temporal lobe is supposed to be the most important negative prognostic factor for seizure freedom after epilepsy surgery in MTLE-HS patients. The study indicates the need to improve diagnostics for other temporal lobe pathologies, despite the typical clinical and radiological picture of MTLE-HS.
Gender-based comparison of factors affecting regular exercise of patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (NIDDM) based on the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES)
Authors: Choi Ji-Yeon , Shin Jieun , Baek Seunghui
Published: September 2021

Objective

This study aimed to determine the gender factors that influence regular exercise in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) in Korea.

Methods

A total of 1,432 patients with NIDDM were recruited using raw data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey conducted between 2016 and 2018. SAS 9.4 was adopted for data analyses, and the distributional difference was measured with multinomial logistic regression and Rao-Scott x2 statistics to identify the factors that influence the regular physical activities of patients. that the analysis only provides associations.

Results

Based on general characteristics, health behaviors, and conditions, patients with NIDDM in Korea were less physically active. In addition, patients with higher educational attainment, higher income, and higher subjective health conditions had a higher odds ratio for regular exercise. Meanwhile, the ratio was lower for smokers and those stressed up.

Conclusion

A professional guide for the initial phase of training and consistent management is required to increase the involvement of patients with NIDDM in regular exercise. Therefore, it is important to maintain their motivation to continue exercising. Rather than providing a universal guideline, it is more important to provide customized programs and management plans which reflect factors that influence their engagement in physical activities, such as individual physical strength, stress level, alcohol consumption, and arthritis.
Analyzing enterprise asset structure and profitability using cloud computing and strategic management accounting
Authors: Shi Wenquan
Published: September 2021

The study expects to further exploring the role of asset structure in enterprise profitability, and analyze the relationship between them in detail. Taking the express industry as the research object, from strategic management accounting, the study uses edge computing and related analysis tools and compares the financial and non-financial indicators of existing express enterprises. The study also discusses the differences between asset structure allocation and sustainable profitability, and constructs the corresponding analysis framework. The results reveal that SF’s total assets are obviously large and the profit margin increases. While the total assets of other express enterprises are small, and the express revenue drops sharply. Heavy assets can improve the enterprises’ profitability to a certain extent. SF has a good asset management ability. With the support of the capital market, SF’s net asset growth ability has been greatly improved. The edge computing method used has higher local data processing ability, and the analysis framework has higher performance than the big data processing method. The study can provide some research ideas and practical value for the asset structure analysis and profitability evaluation of express enterprises.
Respiratory virus deterrence induced by modified mask filter
Authors: Lee Su-Hwa , Chu Ki-Back , Kang Hae-Ji , Kim Min-Ju , Moon Eun-Kyung , Quan Fu-Shi
Published: September 2021

Airborne transmission of infectious respiratory pathogens is a significant health hazard for the general public as well as healthcare professionals. Face masks have been frequently utilized as safety measures to limit the transmission of these infectious aerosolized particles. However, the efficacy of face masks in reducing respiratory virus infectivity and pathogenicity is unknown. Improving the effectiveness of masks in blocking viruses is urgently needed. In this study, surgical mask filters were modified by coating the filters with 1, 3, or 5 M of sodium dihydrogen phosphate, and subsequently exposed to the aerosolized respiratory influenza viruses (A/H3N2, A/H5N1) generated by a nebulizer set. Mask filter modification significantly reduced the size and counts of filter pores, which enabled entrapment of 40–60% of aerosolized viruses (captured viruses) with more than 90% of the captured viruses losing their infectivity. Upon contact with the coated mask filters, both the captured viruses and the viruses that managed to bypass the filter pore (passed viruses) were found to be inactivated. Passed viruses demonstrated significantly reduced pathogenicity in mice as indicated by significantly reduced lung virus titers, bodyweight loss, and prolonged survival compared to bare control. These findings highlight the potential of modified mask filters for reducing viral activity and pathogenicity, which contributes to improving facial mask efficacy as well as limiting airborne pathogen transmission.
Perceptions of tourists of the resources, ecological service functions and recreation value of the Guanwu National Forest Recreation Area
Authors: Wu Shou-Tsung , Hsieh Yi-Ta , Huang Shang-Chuan , Wei Chun-Hung , Chen Chaur-Tzuhn , Chen Jan-Chang
Published: September 2021

This study surveyed visitor perceptions of the resources of the Guanwu National Forest Recreation Area (GNFRA) in Taiwan’, their perceptions toward the ecosystem service functions of the GNFRA, their expectations and opinions on its management, and their recreational activities. Independent sample t-tests and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to examine the influences of the backgrounds of respondents on their perceptions toward the ecosystem service functions of the GNFRA. The importance-performance analysis (IPA) method was used to explore evaluations by tourists on the management of the GNRFA. Finally, a global positioning system (GPS) was used to process records of recreational activities by tourists within the GNFRA to understand the movement of tourists during their recreational activities within the GNRFA. The results showed that visitors to the GNRFA regarded its recreational resources to be valuable and that they had a high willingness to revisit. The visitors also showed a certain understanding of the ecosystem services provided by the forest ecosystem. There were significant differences in perceptions of ecosystem services among visitors of different backgrounds. In addition, the results of IPA showed the “importance” of perceptions and “performance” within the opinions of tourists on the management of the forest recreation area. The records of recreational activities by tourists showed that they experienced the most benefits when experiencing picturesque scenery along walking trails. The results of this study can contribute to future management of the GNRFA.
Disparities in menstrual hygiene management between urban and rural schoolgirls in Northeast, Ethiopia
Authors: Shibeshi Bikis Yaynie , Emiru Amanu Aragaw , Asresie Melash Belacehew
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Even though menstruation is a normal biological process, adolescents are facing managing their menstruation when they are at school. It causes girls to miss their class on average three days every month. Studies in some countries showed that the magnitude of menstrual hygiene management problems is higher in rural adolescent girls, but little is known in the Ethiopia context. The objective of this study was to assess and compare menstrual hygiene management practices among rural and urban schoolgirls, Northeast, Ethiopia.

Methods

An institution-based comparative cross-sectional study was employed among 1078 schoolgirls (539 urban and 539 rural) from February to March 2020. The participants were selected using a multi-stage sampling technique. A structured self-administrative questionnaire and observational checklist were used for data collection. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis with a 95% confidence interval was employed. A P- value less than 0.05 was used to declare statistical significance.

Results

Overall, the magnitude of good menstrual hygiene practice was 52.9% (95%CI: 50.3%-56.5%), which was 65.9% (95% CI: 62.8%-70.7%) among urban and 39.9% (95% CI: 36.2%-44.6%) among rural schoolgirls. Among urban schoolgirls, the odds of good menstrual hygiene management practice was higher for girls aged below 18 years (AOR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.05–2.39), learned about menstrual hygiene at school (AOR = 1.89, 95%CI: 1.21–2.97), heard about menstrual hygiene before menarche (AOR = 4.98, 95%CI: 2.71–9.13), and discussed menstrual hygiene with parents (AOR = 2.56, 95%CI: 1.25–5.27). Whereas, the odds of good menstrual hygiene management practice was higher among those who were knowledgeable on menstrual hygiene (AOR = 5.47, 95%CI: 3.68–8.12), those who learned about menstrual hygiene at school (AOR = 1.75, 95%CI: 1.13–2.70), and girls who heard about menstrual hygiene before menarche (AOR = 3.34, 95%CI: 1.44–7.76) in rural schoolgirls.

Conclusions

Though the overall menstrual hygiene practice was low, it was relatively better among urban schoolgirls. This calls for more effort to solve these problems and achieve sustainable development goals. Therefore, education and awareness creation on menstrual hygiene for schoolgirls, even before menarche at both settings should be strengthened. Encouraging parent-adolescent discussion on menstrual hygiene would have paramount importance, particularly to urban schoolgirls.
An analysis of unconscious gender bias in academic texts by means of a decision algorithm
Authors: Orgeira-Crespo Pedro , Míguez-Álvarez Carla , Cuevas-Alonso Miguel , Rivo-López Elena
Published: September 2021

Inclusive language focuses on using the vocabulary to avoid exclusion or discrimination, specially referred to gender. The task of finding gender bias in written documents must be performed manually, and it is a time-consuming process. Consequently, studying the usage of non-inclusive language on a document, and the impact of different document properties (such as author gender, date of presentation, etc.) on how many non-inclusive instances are found, is quite difficult or even impossible for big datasets. This research analyzes the gender bias in academic texts by analyzing a study corpus of more than 12,000 million words obtained from more than one hundred thousand doctoral theses from Spanish universities. For this purpose, an automated algorithm was developed to evaluate the different characteristics of the document and look for interactions between age, year of publication, gender or the field of knowledge in which the doctoral thesis is framed. The algorithm identified information patterns using a CNN (convolutional neural network) by the creation of a vector representation of the sentences. The results showed evidence that there was a greater bias as the age of the authors increased, who were more likely to use non-inclusive terms; it was concluded that there is a greater awareness of inclusiveness in women than in men, and also that this awareness grows as the candidate is younger. The results showed evidence that the age of the authors increased discrimination, with men being more likely to use non-inclusive terms (up to an index of 23.12), showing that there is a greater awareness of inclusiveness in women than in men in all age ranges (with an average of 14.99), and also that this awareness grows as the candidate is younger (falling down to 13.07). In terms of field of knowledge, the humanities are the most biased (20.97), discarding the subgroup of Linguistics, which has the least bias at all levels (9.90), and the field of science and engineering, which also have the least influence (13.46). Those results support the assumption that the bias in academic texts (doctoral theses) is due to unconscious issues: otherwise, it would not depend on the field, age, gender, and would occur in any field in the same proportion. The innovation provided by this research lies mainly in the ability to detect, within a textual document in Spanish, whether the use of language can be considered non-inclusive, based on a CNN that has been trained in the context of the doctoral thesis. A significant number of documents have been used, using all accessible doctoral theses from Spanish universities of the last 40 years; this dataset is only manageable by data mining systems, so that the training allows identifying the terms within the context effectively and compiling them in a novel dictionary of non-inclusive terms.
Aerosol SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and long-term care homes during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Mallach Gary , Kasloff Samantha B. , Kovesi Tom , Kumar Anand , Kulka Ryan , Krishnan Jay , Robert Benoit , McGuinty Michaeline , den Otter-Moore Sophia , Yazji Bashour , Cutts Todd
Published: September 2021

Background

Few studies have quantified aerosol concentrations of SARS-CoV-2 in hospitals and long-term care homes, and fewer still have examined samples for viability. This information is needed to clarify transmission risks beyond close contact.

Methods

We deployed particulate air samplers in rooms with COVID-19 positive patients in hospital ward and ICU rooms, rooms in long-term care homes experiencing outbreaks, and a correctional facility experiencing an outbreak. Samplers were placed between 2 and 3 meters from the patient. Aerosol (small liquid particles suspended in air) samples were collected onto gelatin filters by Ultrasonic Personal Air Samplers (UPAS) fitted with <2.5μm (micrometer) and <10 μm size-selective inlets operated for 16 hours (total 1.92m3), and with a Coriolis Biosampler over 10 minutes (total 1.5m3). Samples were assayed for viable SARS-CoV-2 virus and for the viral genome by multiplex PCR using the E and N protein target sequences. We validated the sampling methods by inoculating gelatin filters with viable vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), and with three concentrations of viable SARS-CoV-2, operating personal samplers for 16hrs, and quantifying viable virus recovery by TCID50 assay.

Results

In total, 138 samples were collected from 99 rooms. RNA samples were positive in 9.1% (6/66) of samples obtained with the UPAS 2.5μm samplers, 13.5% (7/52) with the UPAS 10μm samplers, and 10.0% (2/20) samples obtained with the Coriolis samplers. Culturable virus was not recovered in any samples. Viral RNA was detected in 15.1% of the rooms sampled. There was no significant difference in viral RNA recovery between the different room locations or samplers. Method development experiments indicated minimal loss of SARS-CoV-2 viability via the personal air sampler operation.
One-Pot Synthesis of Indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-diones under Aerobic Conditions
Authors: Sridevi Bhima
Published: September 2021

An efficient approach for the formation of biologically important indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-diones
in good to moderate yields has been accomplished from 2-haloacetophenones and anthranilamides
employing I2/DMSO/CuI under aerobic conditions. This tandem process is believed to proceed via
iodination of 2-haloacetophenone followed by Kornblum oxidation and copper-catalyzed intramolecular
N-arylation. This method adopts five reactions such as α-halogenation, oxidation, condensation,
aromatization and heteroaryl coupling in a single step which makes it as an attractive and useful for
the synthesis of indolo[2,1-b]quinazoline-6,12-diones.
Synthesis and Biological Properties of New Piperidine Substituted Benzothiazole Derivatives
Authors: Shafi S. Syed , Rajesh R. , Senthilkumar S.
Published: September 2021

In present work, ethyl 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate was reacted to piperidine using copper(II)
bromide to get ethyl 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate. The reaction of ethyl 2-(piperidin-
1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylate with NaOH produces 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-
carboxylic acid. The inter-mediate 2-(piperidin-1-yl)benzo[d]thiazole-6-carboxylic acid have been
isolated as stable compounds. The chemical structures of synthesized compounds were established
based on the 1H & 13C NMR and IR spectral data. The mass of the novel compounds was established
with the help of the LC-MS technique. The photoluminescence spectra explain the optical property of
the compound. The biological studies of synthesized compounds show that the compound 5e possesses
good antibacterial activity and compound 5d has good antifungal activity.
Lordosis Distribution Index in Short-Segment Lumbar Spine Fusion – Can Ideal Lordosis Reduce Revision Surgery and Iatrogenic Deformity?
Authors: Bari Tanvir Johanning , Heegaard Martin , Bech-Azeddine Rachid , Dahl Benny , Gehrchen Martin
Published: September 2021

Objective: The demand for spinal fusion is increasing, with concurrent reports of iatrogenic adult spinal deformity (flatback deformity) possibly due to inappropriate lordosis distribution. This distribution is assessed using the lordosis distribution index (LDI) which describes the upper and lower arc lordosis ratio. Maldistributed LDI has been associated to adjacent segment disease following interbody fusion, although correlation to later-stage deformity is yet to be assessed. We therefore aimed to investigate if hypolordotic lordosis maldistribution was associated to radiographic deformity-surrogates or revision surgery following instrumented lumbar fusion.Methods: All patients undergoing fusion surgery ( ≤ 4 vertebra) for degenerative lumbar diseases were retrospectively included at a single center. Patients were categorized according to their postoperative LDI as: “normal” (LDI 50–80), “hypolordotic” (LDI < 50), or “hyperlordotic” (LDI > 80).Results: We included 149 patients who were followed for 21 ± 14 months. Most attained a normally distributed lordosis (62%). The hypolordotic group had increased postoperative pelvic tilt (PT) (p < 0.001), pelvic incidence minus lumbar lordosis (PI–LL) mismatch (p < 0.001) and decreased global lordosis (p = 0.007) compared to the normal group. Survival analyses revealed a significant difference in revision surgery (p = 0.03), and subsequent multivariable logistic regression showed increased odds of 1-year revision in the hypolordotic group (p = 0.04). There was also a negative, linear correlation between preoperative pelvic incidence (PI) and postoperative LDI (p < 0.001).Conclusion: In patients undergoing instrumented lumbar fusion surgery, hypolordotic lordosis maldistribution (LDI < 50) was associated to increased risk of revision surgery, increased postoperative PT and PI–LL mismatch. Lordosis distribution should be considered prior to spinal fusion, especially in high PI patients.
Utilization of S1 Foraminal Hooks for Augmentation of S1 Screws in Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery: Comparative Study With Iliac Screws
Authors: Choi Ho Yong , Jo Dae Jean
Published: September 2021

Objective: To compare the outcomes of S1 foraminal hooks and iliac screws regarding fusion rate at the lumbosacral junction and protective effects on S1 screws.Methods: From January 2017 to December 2019, consecutive patients who underwent long fusions (uppermost instrumented vertebra at or above L1) to the sacrum for adult spinal deformity were enrolled. Patients were divided into S1 foraminal hook group and iliac screw group. Radiographic parameters and the incidence of pseudarthrosis and instrument failure at the lumbosacral junction were compared between the groups.Results: Twenty-nine patients (male:female = 1:28) with a mean age of 73.6 ± 6.8 years were evaluated. Sixteen patients (55.2%) had S1 foraminal hook fixation and 13 patients (44.8%) had iliac screw fixation. Lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, and sagittal vertical axis did not differ between the groups preoperatively and postoperatively. The rate of L5/S1 pseudarthrosis was significantly higher in S1 foraminal hook group (5 of 16, 31.3%), compared to iliac screw group (0 of 13, 0%; p = 0.048). Instrument failure at the lumbosacral junction trended toward a higher rate in S1 foraminal hook group (6 of 16, 37.5%) than in iliac screw group (1 of 13, 7.7%), without statistical significance (p = 0.09). Proximal junctional kyphosis/failure occurred less often in S1 foraminal hook group (2 of 16, 12.5%) than in iliac screw group (3 of 13, 30.8%) without statistical significance (p = 0.36).Conclusion: Treatment with S1 foraminal hooks achieved equivalent satisfactory sagittal correction with proportioned alignment compared to that with iliac screws. However, S1 foraminal hooks did not provide enough structural support to the lumbosacral junction in long fusions to the sacrum.
Modified Global Alignment and Proportion Scoring With Body Mass Index and Bone Mineral Density Analysis in Global Alignment and Proportion Score of Each 3 Categories for Predicting Mechanical Complications After Adult Spinal Deformity Surgery
Authors: Noh Sung Hyun , Ha Yoon , Park Jeong Yoon , Kuh Sung Uk , Chin Dong Kyu , Kim Keun Su , Cho Yong Eun , Lee Hye Sun , Kim Kyung Hyun
Published: September 2021

Objective: This study aimed to analyze the prediction rate of the modified Global Alignment and Proportion (GAP) scoring system with body mass index and bone mineral density (GAPB) in each GAP of the 3 categories.Methods: Between January 2009 and December 2016, 203 consecutive patients with adult spinal deformity (ASD) underwent corrective fusion of more than 4 levels and were followedup for more than 2 years. As a validation of the GAPB, the GAPB was divided into tertiles (Q1, Q2, Q3) for each section of the GAP score. Each patient’s GAP score and GAPB system complication rate were examined.Results: Of the 203 patients, 89 patients (44%) developed mechanical complications after ASD surgery. A GAP score analysis of the patients found that 42 patients were proportioned, 85 patients were moderately disproportioned, and 76 patients were severely disproportioned. Mechanical complications occurred with increasing GAPB in the proportioned group, but were not statistically significant (p = 0.0534). However, mechanical complications occurred in a statistically significant manner in the moderately disproportioned and severely disproportioned groups as GAPB increased (p < 0.001).Conclusion: The GAPB system showed improved predictability for mechanical complications after surgery for ASD in each category of the GAP score.
Serum Estradiol in Relation to Severity of Meibomian Gland Dysfunction in Postmenopausal Women
Authors: Palaniyapphan Priyadarshini , Thomas Mary , Sundareswaran Gayatri , Chilukuri Sanjana
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND Due to the higher prevalence of dry eye disease (DED) in postmenopausal women, it is essential to understand the effects of sex hormones on the ocular surface. This study was done to identify the association between serum concentration of 17 beta estradiol E2 and DED in postmenopausal women. METHODS Our study population comprised of 100 postmenopausal women who were segregated into two groups – 50 symptomatic participants in dry eye group and 50 asymptomatic participants in normal eye group (NEG), based on the dry eye questionnaire assessment. Other preliminary tests to detect DED and meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) such as tear break up time (TBUT), meibum evaluation, ocular staining score (OSS) and Schirmer’s test were performed. All participants underwent venous sampling for measurement of serum concentration of 17 beta estradiol E2. RESULTS 82 % of participants of DEG belonged to older age group (> 60 years) on comparison with NEG (32 %). A shorter TBUT of 5.78 and 5.96 in DEG as compared to 13.44 and 13.08 in NEG were documented in right and left eyes respectively. Mean serum estradiol was significantly higher in DEG (30.90 pg/ml) than in NEG (16.02 pg/ml). With an increase in the severity of MGD stage, an analogous increase in serum estradiol was noted, which was statistically significant (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Higher levels of serum estradiol correspond with higher stages of MGD, suggesting that sex hormone induced alteration of meibomian gland morphology and function plays an important role in postmenopausal DED. KEY WORDS Dry Eye Disease, Meibomian Gland Dysfunction, 17 Beta Estradiol E2, Postmenopausal Women
Frontline Nurses Experiences of the Covid-19 Pandemic - A Qualitative Study
Authors: Alkarani Ahmed S. , Ibrahem Ahmed AbdElbagy , Alasmari Hajar A. , Alghamdi Rzan A.
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic had unquestionably caused a massive crisis worldwide. This pandemic had obstructed nearly all aspects of the population’s lives and widely affected healthcare institutions, especially nurses, who are the frontline fighters of the pandemic. Their presence and duties are crucial in controlling the pandemic. Therefore, the study was done to explore the experiences of nurses in delivering healthcare throughout the pandemic and the objectives of this research were to a) explore the experience of frontline nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic, and b) to understand how COVID-19 had affected frontline nurses. METHODS This study is a qualitative study reviewed and approved by the Research Ethics Committee of Taif University, Saudi Arabia, under the application code: 42 - 174. The total number of participants were twenty-four nurses from King Faisal Medical Complex, Taif city, Saudi Arabia. The study conducted semi-structured interviews and the data was obtained via face time. The average time of the interview was between 40 and 60 minutes. RESULTS The results indicated two major themes. First, the negative effects of COVID-19 on nurses, which included fear of infection and transmission of the disease, challenging working conditions and a change in social lifestyle. The second theme is the positive impact of the Covid pandemic on nurses, which included increased awareness of the role of nursing in society, an increase in nurses' self-confidence and the strength of support from nursing directors. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 has had an impact on nurses, both physically and mentally. They have struggled with factors surrounding their occupation and personal lives. It is well established that this pandemic has had more drawbacks than favourable outcomes with regard to nurses. Nevertheless, the funding and development that nurses obtained have improved their professional skills, experience and acceptance of future potential outbreaks. KEY WORDS Nurses Experience of COVID-19, A Qualitative Study, Saudi Arabia.
Evaluation of Anatomical Variations in Maxillary Sinus and Management of Chronic Sinonasal Disease
Authors: Vihapure Ganesh Manohar , Sorade Akshay , Ahmed Kaenat , Yarlagadda Lakshmi Sravya , Munnaru Khaleel Basha
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The paranasal sinuses (PNS) have various anatomical difference. Computed tomography (CT) is an excellent means of providing anatomical information of this region, disease extent, assisting endoscopic evaluation and guiding treatment. Functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) has become an increasingly popular treatment for chronic sinus diseases. CT of the paranasal sinuses has become a roadmap for FESS. The present study focuses on the assessment of the efficacy, safety and benefits of functional endoscopic sinus surgery in cases of maxillary pathologies and also study the anatomical variations in maxillary sinus in computed tomography and its usefulness in planning and management of chronic sinonasal diseases. METHODS It was a prospective study and a total of 80 patients were included in this study from July 2019 to June 2020 in the Otolaryngology Department, KIMS, Karad. Standard surgical steps were applied in each case according to the extent of disease. All patients underwent standard post-operative care. All findings were recorded and studied. RESULTS Total number of patients were 80. Of which, 31 (38.75 %) patients were operated for ethmoidal polyp, 24 (30 %) for chronic rhinosinusitis, 10 (12.5 %) for antrochoanal polyp, 9 (11.25 %) for rhinosporidiosis and 6 (7.5 %) for inverted papilloma. Postoperative complications were periorbital echymoses (13 %), synechiae (2.5 %), epiphora (2.5 %), infection (2.5 %), hemorrhage (4 %). Complete relief of symptoms were noted in 81.67 % cases. CONCLUSIONS Successful outcome and patient satisfaction post treatment can be obtained by careful evaluation and patient selection by history, examination and most importantly, proper imaging of the sinuses. KEY WORDS Maxillary Sinus, Sinusitis, Nasal Polyp, Paranasal Sinus Disease, Computed Tomography (CT)
Evaluation of Efficacy of Triphala as a Preprocedural Mouth Rinse - A Comparative Study
Authors: Bathula Hanusha , Vedula Chiranjeevi , Sunkireddy Harikrishna Reddy , Kunthsam Venugopal , Dhulipala Manasa , Akula Manasa
Published: September 2021

BACKGROUND The objective of the study was to determine the efficacy of Triphala as a preprocedural mouth rinse & comparing the efficacy with chlorhexidine and betadine in reducing the viable microbial load in dental aerosols. METHODS 32 patients with chronic periodontitis were randomly allocated into 4 groups (A, B, C & D) of 8 patients each who received 0.2 % chlorhexidine (CHX), 6 % Triphala (TRP), 2 % betadine and water respectively as a pre-procedural mouth rinse. Blood agar plates were placed on the operator’s chest area and the patient’s chest area for collecting the aerosols. The agar plates were then incubated at 370C for 48 hours and colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted. RESULTS CFU was significantly reduced in groups A, B & C compared to group D. Intergroup comparison showed no significant difference in the efficacy of 0.2 % CHX and 6 % TRP with P-value 0.058 in the operator’s area and with a significant difference of Pvalue 0.014 in the patient’s area. 2 % betadine was found to be least effective among the 3 test groups. The number of CFUs was greater at the patient’s chest area than that of the operator. CONCLUSIONS This study reinforces the importance of preprocedural mouth rinse. Triphala showed near equal efficacy to CHX, which is considered the gold standard in aerosol reduction and also better than 2 % betadine. Therefore, it can be considered as an alternative to CHX as a preprocedural mouth rinse. KEY WORDS Triphala, Chlorhexidine, Betadine, Aerosols, Colony Forming Units (CFUs)