bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artificial Intelligence and Supply Chains After the Impact of COVID-19
Authors: Sanchez de Rojas Díaz Emilio , Bulmer Elena , Quijano Junquera Carlos R.
Published: February 2022

The aim of this chapter is to address the use of artificial intelligence in managing GSC, restructuring it, and providing it with enough flexibility to meet the challenges and risks that the current situation—characterized by uncertainty—could threaten including integrity and correct operation. To do this, the authors propose to address issues such as what is a supply chain, what are risks and how risks can affect the management of the supply chain, particularly in the face of the COVID-19 outbreak. Optimizing supply chains and integrating all processes, from suppliers to customers, through warehouses, is a typical target for artificial intelligence (AI). It will be of critical importance to migrate towards ‘Agile' strategies, suitable for the uncertain times we live in, incorporating a timely risk analysis and allowing routine decisions to be taken within the framework of AI.
A Systematic Review of Information Technologies to Assist Policymaking in Crisis Management
Authors: Ali Mohammed Banu
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 crisis has engulfed several countries, leaving policymakers perplexed and unprepared to deal with the situation. Choosing the most appropriate course of action has become more challenging as a result of the infection and its effects on the body. While dealing with the coronavirus crisis and the stress that goes with it, new information technologies are critical in addressing and alleviating that stress. As a result, new information technology capabilities are required to address the challenges confronting policymakers when dealing with pandemic diseases such as COVID-19 in the past. As a result of the systematic review process used in this study, the best available evidence is synthesised from text and opinion to provide actionable advice to policymakers. The findings indicate that the challenges fall into two categories: battling the disease and mitigating its effects. Furthermore, the internet of things, cloud computing, machine learning, and social networking all contribute significantly to resolving these issues.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a Decision-Making Tool to Control Crisis Situations
Authors: Ali Mohammed Banu , Wood-Harper Trevor
Published: February 2022

Recent events have emphasised the critical nature of making key decisions with the support of innovative technologies to manage crises. This chapter will review pertinent literature on crisis management and existing categorizations or typologies before delving into crisis decision-making. Two distinct modes of decision-making are discussed: rational and intuitive decision-making. The following subsection conducts a review of articles in the literature on artificial intelligence and data-driven approaches, categorising them as rational and intuitive decision-making.
An Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Based Decision-Making Framework for Crisis Management
Authors: Essien Aniekan Emmanuel , Petrounias Ilias
Published: February 2022

The recent coronavirus pandemic has wreaked havoc on global economies, heightening interest in crisis management. As a result, it is critical to provide decision-makers with some assistance in improving their decision-making. As a research field, artificial intelligence (AI) has permeated nearly every facet of human endeavour, gradually displacing humans in tasks with promising outcomes. By combining these two fields of research, this chapter proposes ADDS: an artificial intelligence-based decision-making framework for crisis management. It proposes a decision-support framework. The development of such a framework can be beneficial for two reasons: (1) it can aid in advanced crisis preparedness, and (2) it can result in effective and productive communication during a crisis. It is worth noting that a thorough understanding of this can aid in planning, controlling, and managing the situation.
Managing Crisis Situations Through a Visual Language Communication (VLC) Approach
Authors: Alkhalifah Eman S.
Published: February 2022

Visual language communication has already gained significant traction in graphic design and marketing literature as a substantial communication approach for expressing visual designs for advertising products and services. However, VLC goes beyond the marketing arena, it has been known to support critical situations such as times of crisis or disaster. This chapter explores the role of visual language communication in managing crisis situations. The characteristics of visual communication are articulated through the lens of crisis management, together with the benefits and challenges that may impede or foster visual language communication to manage crises. The chapter concludes by recommending a typology for managing future crises using VLC innovations.
Problemi sociologici emergenti nel merito del dibattito sulla procreazione assistita
Authors: Rossi Sciumè Giovanna
Published: February 2022

Il contributo si propone di analizzare sotto il profilo sociologico alcuni dei principali nodi problematici evidenziatisi in seguito alla diffusione delle tecniche di procreazione assistita. Il punto di partenza di questa analisi è costituito dal superamento della definizione strettamente medica della sterilità e della considerazione di tale fenomeno come "questione sociale totale", che coinvolge l'individuo nella sua interezza, vale a dire nella sua dimensione fisica, psichica, affettiva e relazionale. L'assunzione di tale prospettiva implica inevitabilmente un'attenta valutazione dell'impatto delle tecniche di procreazione assistita sulla specifica configurazione della famiglia e della coppia che a tali tecniche si rivolge; inoltre, la diffusione di queste procedure, che, come si può intuire, ha comportato un mutamento di segno problematico del significato della genitorialità, richiede, al fine di evitare un ripiegamento in senso puerocentrico e narcisistico della cultura familiare, la delineazione dei diritti di tutti i soggetti coinvolti nel procedimento di procreazione assistita - ed in primo luogo di quelli del bambino nato tramite queste tecniche - ed un leale confronto tra i diritti stessi.
Giant ameloblastoma
Authors: Ramesh Muthuvel , Gurumoorthy A. N. , Sanjive Jeevan G.
Published: February 2022

Ameloblastoma is an odontogenic tumor of epithelial origin that can be locally aggressive. These tumors do not normally reach sufficient size to qualify as a giant ameloblastoma mandible as which the patient seeks medical attention before this stage. We report the case of a 33-year-old male who had a giant ameloblastoma of the mandible due to its rarity, size, and management in developing countries. It is probably the largest reported case in the world as per literature. The tumor measured a size of 30 cm × 18 cm × 12 cm involving bilateral ramus, angle, body, and symphysis of the mandible. Computed tomography scan showed a well-defined, multiloculated cystic lesion arising from the entire mandible. Such cases require a total mandibulectomy with osseocutaneous free-flap reconstruction and physiotherapy for rehabilitation. However, in most of the scenarios in rural India, there are limited facilities, and due to poor socioeconomic status, a free flap with phased remodeling is not possible. Hence, in this particular scenario, we performed total mandibulectomy with pectoralis major myocutaneous (PMMC) flap reconstruction followed by physiotherapy and rehabilitation to achieve near-normal life. Therefore, a total mandibulectomy followed by a pedicled PMMC flap reconstruction is a good alternative option in a resource-limited setting.
Primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the colon masquerading as foamy histiocytic collections on preoperative biopsy
Authors: Sehgal Shivali , Khan Sabina , Husain Musharraf , Jetley Sujata
Published: February 2022

Primary signet-ring cell carcinoma (PSRCC) is a rare pathological subtype of colorectal cancer, characterized by the presence of malignant signet ring cells. We report the case of PSRCC in an elderly female who was misdiagnosed on preoperative biopsy. PSRCC is usually diagnosed in young adults; the most common site is the ascending colon. It is clinically aggressive and has a poor prognosis. The distinctive signet ring cells, however, can often be misinterpreted as other benign cells: the so-called “benign signet-ring change.” Accurate and timely diagnosis of signet ring cell carcinoma is important because of its aggressive clinical course. Distinction from benign entities requires clinical and radiological correlation as well as a proper morphological assessment in conjunction with immunohistochemistry evaluation.
Laparoscopic management of a congenital H-type rectovaginal fistula in an infant
Authors: Chang Yu-Tang
Published: February 2022

Congenital H-type rectovaginal fistula with a normal anal opening is a rare malformation. The authors encountered such a case in a 2-month-old girl. Both direct inspection and fluoroscopic examination did not identify the location of the fistula, but passage of contrast media through the vagina was observed. Using a 3-port transperitoneal laparoscopic technique, complete resection of the fistula was successfully performed. Without a protecting colostomy, laparoscopic approach appeared to be safe and feasible in an infant with an H-type rectovaginal fistula and a normal anal opening. Division of pelvic muscle floor and perineal dissection could be successfully avoided.
Comparative analysis of onlay and sublay (retrorectus) mesh repair for incisional hernia (width ≤10 cm) of abdominal wall
Authors: Kumar Manoj , Kumar Manoj , Jha Ashesh Kumar , Arora Abhishek , Sreepriya P. P. , Niroop B. S. , Ali Md. Ashraf
Published: February 2022

Background:

Incisional hernia repair is one of the most common procedures performed in general surgery. Onlay and sublay mesh repair both are well established techniques for the locations of mesh placement, but with various benefits and drawbacks. Despite various studies, the debate continues regarding preferring one technique over the other. We aim to compare the outcome of hernia repair between these two techniques.

Materials and Methods:

Retrospective analysis was done on patients who underwent open onlay/sublay hernia repair from February 2018 to March 2020 at our institute. 9–28 months of follow-up was done. Primary outcome was recurrence. Secondary outcomes included postoperative complications including surgical site infection, hematoma, seroma, wound dehiscence, peri-operative pain, persistent seroma, readmission after 30 days and chronic pain.

Results:

A total of 87 patients underwent open ventral hernia repair during the study period. Of which, 41 had onlay and 46 had sublay repair (SR). Recurrence occurred in five patients (12.2%) with onlay repair and two patients in sublay group (4.3%) after a follow-up duration of up to 28 months (P = 0.247). Wound complications were more common in onlay group (46.3%) than the sublay group (19.5%) (P = 0.008). The mean standard deviation intraoperative blood loss (mL) was significantly higher in sublay group (156 [96]) than onlay group (123 [110]) (P < 0.0001). The postoperative drain output and the duration of placement were both greater in the onlay group (P < 0.0001). The median (range) of hospital stay was significantly longer in the onlay group (5[3–10] days) than the sublay group (4[2–6] days) (P < 0.001).

Conclusion:

SR seems to be the better technique taking into account the overall morbidity, although the need for multi-centric trials with patient-centered outcomes should be highlighted to settle the debate.
Preliminary Study for New Markers of Early Tubuloglomerular Injury and Renal Inflammation in Patients with Visceral Leishmaniasis Receiving Liposomal Amphotericin B Treatment
Authors: Bezerra Gabriela Freire , Meneses Gdayllon Cavalcante , Jacinto Vittória Nobre , Lima Danya Bandeira , Magalhães Emanuel Paula , Lima Lana Andrade Lucena , Rocha Thaiany Pereira da , de Azevedo Isabella Evelyn Prado , da Silva Jr. Geraldo Bezerra , Daher Elizabeth De Francesco , Martins Alice Maria Costa
Published: February 2022

Visceral leishmaniasis is treated with liposomal amphotericin B (L-AMB), which is associated with nephrotoxicity. Thus, we aimed to investigate nephrotoxicity through novel renal biomarkers in patients with visceral leishmaniasis during L-AMB use. Ours was a prospective study with 17 patients with visceral leishmaniasis treated with L-AMB during their hospital stay. Laboratory tests, renal parameters, urinary biomarkers (urinary kidney injury molecule 1, urinary monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 [uMCP-1], sodium–potassium–2 chloride cotransporter [NKCC2], sodium–hydrogen exchanger 3) [NHE3], aquaporin 2 [AQP2], tumor susceptibility gene 101 [TSH 101], and serum inflammatory biomarkers (MCP-1, interferon-γ, and IL-6) were evaluated in two periods: before and during L-AMB use. Glomerular filtration rate, creatinine, proteinuria, and albuminuria were similar before and during L-AMB use. IL-6 levels, AQT2, and NHE3 expression decreased, whereas uMCP-1 and urinary kidney injury molecule 1 levels increased during L-AMB treatment. In patients who developed acute kidney injury, uMCP-1 showed higher levels. L-AMB aggravated tubuloglomerular lesions, inflammation, and renal tubular disorders. Thus, patients treated with L-AMB need to be monitored for inflammatory and electrolyte disturbances to prevent acute kidney injury, longer length of hospital stay, higher public costs, and mortality.
Excepciones y limitaciones del uso de la fuerza: autonomía universitaria y derecho a la protesta
Authors: Chaves Canabal Ruben Dario
Published: February 2022

Las situaciones que han dado lugar a la protesta estudiantil en
Colombia se han convertido en tema de preocupación en
escenarios académicos, de agendas políticas e instituciones
dedicadas a la seguridad. El propósito de este trabajo se
fundamentó en determinar las limitaciones jurídicas del uso de la
fuerza por parte de la Fuerza Pública frente a la autonomía
universitaria y el derecho a la protesta en el campus académico
de instituciones de educación superior en Colombia. Se llevó a
cabo una revisión sistemática fundamentado en la búsqueda de
información en repositorios académicos como Google Académico,
Redalyc, Scielo, CLACSO, a través del filtro palabras se ubicaron
40 referencias las cuales fueron tratadas a través de la técnica
prisma que permitió clasificar 15 referencias; dentro de los
resultados más relevantes se encuentra que la autonomía
universitaria es el factor central para orientar el derecho a la
protesta estudiantil lejos de la afectación de un bien público como
el campus académico. Los movimientos estudiantiles que
desarrollan la protesta deben realizar acciones que legitimen su
representación y el detrimento social y el uso de la fuerza por
parte de la fuerza pública es viable en bienes públicos de la nación
como el campus académico.
Acciones estratégicas para la competitividad de las IES
Authors: Rascón Larios Angélica María , Llamas Aréchiga Beatriz , Rochín Wong Francisca Elena , Alvarado Ibarra María Guadalupe
Published: February 2022

La reprobación es un indicador que se considera parte importante de la trayectoria escolar del estudiante; tiene que ver con el desempeño académico de este, además de que contribuye al rezago y/o deserción con efectos negativos para la eficiencia terminal y los indicadores institucionales que hoy en día es asunto importante para la certificación de los programas educativos. El presente estudio se desarrolló con el propósito de determinar bajo la perspectiva del alumno en situación de reprobación, que factores tuvieron incidencia para conducirlo a este estatus. En la exploración participaron 96 alumnos; 63 de la Licenciatura en Administración y 33 de Contaduría Pública de las generaciones de ingreso 2011-2, 2012- 2 y 2013-2; a quienes se les aplicó un instrumento de recolección diseñado a partir de la opinión de expertos. Para el procesamiento de la información, se elaboró una base de datos en Statistical Package For de Social Sciences (SPSS) y usando la estadística descriptiva se determinaron dichos factores. Se incluyen otros análisis referentes a las materias de mayor reprobación que aquí se presentan y que permitió llegar a algunas conclusiones que sirvieron para el establecimiento de estrategias que involucran las diversas instancias administrativas y académicas para minimizar los índices de reprobación en estas licenciaturas.
CONSTITUCIONALIDAD JUICIO ABREVIADO
Authors: Martínez Rosas Lic. Gustavo , Molina González Dra. María del Rosario
Published: February 2022

El procedimiento abreviado como forma de terminación anticipada del proceso, tiene su sustento constitucional en el apartado A, fracción VII del numeral 20 de nuestra Carta Magna, es solicitado por el Ministerio Público después de haberse dictado el auto de vinculación a proceso y hasta antes de la emisión del auto de apertura a juicio oral, en donde básicamente se pide una reducción de la pena a cambio de admitir la responsabilidad en la comisión de un hecho ilícito, luego de la satisfacción de requisitos de procedencia verificados por el Juez de Control. ¿Qué acaso la imposición de penas, su modificación y duración no son propias y exclusivas de autoridad judicial?, ¿Qué acaso la pena no deberá ser proporcional al delito que se sancione y al bien jurídico afectado?, constitucionalmente la respuesta es sí, entonces ¿se plantea una contradicción de principios de rango constitucional? Ahora bien la no autoincriminación y la presunción de inocencia son derechos fundamentales reconocidos en el máximo ordenamiento nacional y al violentarlos tendríamos que recurrir a conceptos como el control de convencionalidad que soporte la progresividad de los derechos humanos. La solicitud de la pena reducida por parte de la representación social ¿Estaría invadiendo una función exclusiva de la autoridad judicial?, siendo así se estaría quebrantando el principio de división de poderes. El objetivo del presente es analizar las implicaciones de la colisión de derechos fundamentales con facultades procedimentales que erige al procedimiento abreviado como una forma de terminación anticipada del proceso, cuyafinalidad es proporcionar fluidez en el marco del sistema de justicia adversarial, metodológicamente es un estudio dogmático, descriptivo, abordado desde los postulados del garantismo penal.
PAKISTAN’S PERSPECTIVE ON COVID-19 VACCINES
Authors: Hassan Taimoor , Saleha Saleha
Published: February 2022

As of May 10, 2021, the entire planet has reported approximately 188 million COVID-19 cases, with 2.54 million fatalities. Initially, lockdowns and softening measures have been thrown into turmoil throughout the world since the outbreak. Our social life will only return to normal once an appropriate vaccine is produced and proper authorized preventive techniques are implemented. To tackle this pandemic, governments and health experts all around the globe are experimenting with a range of measures and preventative strategies. Certain nations are considered to be more successful than others in terms of providing safety to their inhabitants and increasing their economic activities. A plethora of vaccinations have been produced, and a research anthology has been published. However, medical personnel are still searching for a viable treatment to limit this pandemic. Till date, only 5 vaccines have been approved by WHO for emergency use that includes Pfizer-BioNTech, Moderna, AstraZeneca, Sinopharm, Johnson & Johnson. Currently, confusing information about the COVID-19 vaccination is being disseminated across the world. During health emergency, rumors spread and caused panic, insanity, and anxiety. SARS-CoV-2 strains, on the other hand, are constantly appearing over the world. This article provides a Pakistan’s perspective towards COVID-19 vaccines with an updated review.
Climate Change Adaptation Strategies of Smallholder Agroforestry Farmers in the Philippines
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Landicho Leila , Paelmo Roselyn , Cabahug Rowena , de Luna Catherine , Visco Roberto , Tolentino Lutgarda
Published: February 2022

This article argues that smallholder agroforestry farmers in the selected provinces in the Philippines have already been experiencing climate change in their respective areas as indicated by the change in the rainfall and temperature patterns. Using direct interviews and focus group discussions, the respondent-farmers highlighted that increased incidence of pests and diseases, stunted growth of crops, low crop productivity, delayed planting, delayed fruiting of some crops particularly perennial species, poor quality of produce, increased cost in farm operations, low income and decreased yield of some crops, are among the general impacts of climate change in their agricultural production systems. On the positive aspect, some crops had increased yield as an impact of climate change. The farmers employ their local knowledge and skills in adapting to the impacts of climate change. Among these include changing cropping patterns, integrating more crops in the farm, engaging in other off-farm and non-farm activities as additional source of income, changing the cultivated crops, mulching, and using organic fertilizers, among others. This article also highlights the benefits that the respondent-farmers derive from agroforestry, a land use management system that is currently being practiced in the study sites.
Analysis of the Integrated Water Resource Management in a Water Quality Management Area in the Philippines: The Case of Meycauayan-Marilao-Obando River System
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Malenab Ma. Charisma , Visco Emilia , Geges Dhino , Amparo Jennifer Marie , Torio Diana , Jimena Carla Edith
Published: February 2022

This research evaluates the implementation and management of the Meycauayan-Marilao-Obando River System Water Quality Management Area (MMORS WQMA) in reference to the pillars of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) using a multi-method approach. Research participants include representatives from regional regulatory agencies and local government units of seven cities and municipalities along the river system. Aside from ecosystem, institutional and socio-political drivers, the designation of MMORS as a WQMA was influenced by the shared common interest and endorsement of local stakeholders including financial support from international agencies. Also, an enabling policy environment that reflects IWRM pillars helped in the creation of MMORS WQMA. However, disparities in WQMA Governing Board (GB)’s and the local government units’ (LGUs) level of awareness and actual level of implementation of functions are observed, hence, the need for integration. The lack of a guiding system or framework in monitoring, evaluation and information management hinders better integration among the different agencies and LGUs in the MMO WQMA GB. Also, lack of financial, human and technical resources limit performance of the GB. Improving mechanisms may include approval of the National Water Quality Management Fund; development of financial and annual plans (with short-term targets), collaboration among GB members and capacity-building.
Knowledge, Risk Attitudes and Perceptions on Extreme Weather Events of Smallholder Farmers in Ligao City, Albay, Bicol, Philippines
Authors:   University of the Philippines Los Banos, Peria Aileen , Pulhin Juan , Tapia Maricel , Predo Canesio , Peras Rose Jane , Evangelista Regine Joy , Lasco Rodel , Pulhin Florencia
Published: February 2022

Smallholder farmers in the Philippines, whose survival and livelihood largely depend on the environment, constantly face risks and bear the impacts of the changing climate. This paper explored how climate change knowledge as well as attitudes and perceptions to risk of smallholder farmers from upland, lowland and coastal ecosystems influence the manner on which they respond and cope with extreme events. Guided by the Adaptation Policy Framework, a questionnaire was developed and administered to 313 smallholder farmers to determine the kind of information that farmers have and how they respond to climate risks towards enhanced adaptive capacity. Seventy-nine percent of respondents lack basic knowledge on climate change. Majority (79%) of respondents recognized that they are exposed to extreme weather risks and perceived climate as a major farming risk. However, availability and access to capital (not climate change) is the biggest perceived threat. Sixty-nine percent of respondents are risk-neutral while farmers who live in less risk-prone areas tend to be risk-takers. Based on correlation, attitudes on risk are influenced by exposure, economic factors and availability of resources. This paper recommends a more targeted climate change information dissemination and customized trainings that enhance capacity, improve livelihood choices and conserve the natural resources.
Ordenamiento Matemático basado en C++ mediante CodeBlocks con aplicación al área contable.
Authors: TOSCANO GUERRERO EDUARDO , Yachambáy Fabián Londo
Published: February 2022

La Tecnología hace que los procesos se optimicen cada vez más, logrando disminuir tiempos en cada uno de los procedimientos de trabajo de cualquier índole como por ejemplo en producción, planificación, administración, etc. Dicha optimización se hace posible mediante la utilizando softwares de programación como lenguajes computacionales que son herramientas ahorradoras de tiempo, el momento de diagramar un proceso específico el cual genera un crecimiento increíble de nueva tecnología. Por esta razón se creó el Lenguaje C++, como herramienta de trabajo para optimización de procesos diversos, el cual es un mejoramiento de Lenguaje original "C".
Requerimientos del Mercado laboral y publicidad de diversas IES. Caso Carrera de Mercadotecnia, Guayaquil
Authors: Buenaño Guido Mantilla , Freire Sierra Félix David , Idrovo Avecillas Marisol Jacqueline Mercedes , Armendariz Martha Hernández
Published: February 2022

El presente estudio sintetiza parte de los resultados de una investigación sobre “Oferta y demanda académica de la carrera de Mercadotecnia en diversas Instituciones de Educación Superior”. El proyecto investigación fue respaldado por la Universidad Laica Vicente Rocafuerte de Guayaquil. Durante su ejecución, se realizaron entrevistas a empresarios y Gerentes de Marketing de 10 PYMES. El cuestionario consideró 5 preguntas sobre los requerimientos del mercado empresarial. Se utilizó la observación durante 45 días encontrándose 16 instituciones que ofertaban sus productos académicos de variadas formas. La ficha de observación comprendía 6 campos y un check list de 18 items. Como requerimientos del mercado destacan: el Marketing debe ser tratado en la academia con un enfoque holístico y estratégico; el mercadólogo requiere destreza en el manejo de redes sociales así como contar con capacidad de aprendizaje, adaptación, destreza oral, escrita y numérica; con respecto a la publicidad se observó que dicha oferta es bastante agresiva. Los lugares de publicación son ingeniosos. A nivel digital son utilizadas las redes sociales; de manera física, se incluyen: aeropuerto, cines, baños de los cines, pantallas gigantes, displays de centros comerciales, buses, taxis y los medios de comunicación habituales: TV, radio y prensa escrita.
Factores limitantes en la negociación internacional de productos farmacéuticos de las PYMES: importadora JORUA CIA LTDA
Authors: Villegas Dayse Cevallos , Murrieta Fernando Ronquillo
Published: February 2022

El propósito del trabajo es determinar las limitaciones internacionales que predominan en el proceso de la importación de productos farmacéuticos en las pymes (Importadora Jorua Cia. Ltda.). Se utiliza el método analítico – sintético y como técnicas de recolección de datos, la investigación documental y la encuesta. Los resultados con base en la encuesta efectuada al personal administrativo, contable en su totalidad, con un 65% conocen sobre los factores limitantes en la negociación internacional, y un 91% de los trabajadores menciona la dificultad que lleva el proceso de importar para la empresa. Como conclusión se encuentran diferentes factores limitantes en la negociación internacional principalmente en la importación de productos, y se manifiestan varias situaciones en lo político, económico, social y tecnológico demostrando una estabilidad interesante que aportan al desarrollo y crecimiento del sector.
Digital Literacy Competence of Parents in Supervising Their Children Using Digital Media
Authors:   Universitas Mercu Buana, Jakarta, Indonesia, Sulistyo Ponco Budi
Published: February 2022

This research aims to determine parents’ competence of essential aspects of digital literacy for their children with the qualitative descriptive method. The research results show that parents who are constantly moving to keep up with existing developments felt the parents’ competence of digital media literacy, despite not entirely in depth. They try to improve their competence in various ways for each parent, including giving direction to their children to prevent and introspect for themselves and children who have positioned this digital media technology very close to whatever the activities are.
Dissolution of Monte Fresco phosphate rock and their effects on phosphorus fractionation in Venezuelan soils
Authors: López-Hernández Danilo
Published: February 2022

Incubation tests analyzed the reaction of Monte Fresco phosphoric rock (PR) with nine Venezuelan soils representative of different agro-ecological conditions, and of contrasting physical-chemical and mineralogical characteristics linked to the RF dissolution process. The soils presented different capacities to dissolve the PR; response, generally associated with its intrinsic characteristics. The highest PR dissolution value (ΔP) was found in the soil Iguana (50 mgP.kg-1soil), soil with appropriate properties to induce this process: acidic pH and low content of total and available P, followed with intermediate values (7-22 mg P.
Quantification of damages for unlawful arrest and detention: South Africa, Namibia and Eswatini/Swaziland (3)
Authors: Okpaluba Chuks
Published: February 2022

Having concentrated in the last two parts on the South African jurisprudence on quantification of damages for unlawful arrest and detention wherein a wealth of decided cases were encountered dealing with both the liability question and the quantification exercise, it is the preserve of this third part to discuss the developments in Namibia and Eswatini (Swaziland). Among the cases that stand out for discussion in the Namibian jurisdiction are: Gabriel v Minister of Safety and Security 2010 (2) NR 648 (HC); Iyambo v Minister of Safety and Security 2013 (2) NR 562 (HC); Sheefeni v Council of the Municipality of Windhoek 2015 (4) NR 1170 (HC) and Lazarus v Government of the Republic of Namibia 2018 (1) NR 38 (HC). Similarly, the most important cases from the Eswatini jurisdiction include Mfanafuthi Mabuza v Commissioner of Police (39/06) [2006] SZSC 25 (16 November 2006), which concerned detention classified in the Swazi criminal law as a ‘non-bailable offence’. The other two are Zulu v Government of Swaziland (656/2004) [2016] SZHC 99 (24 June 2016) and Myeni v COP (3064/2007) [2017] SZHC 259 (14 December 2017) where extensive deliberations on quantification and awards were made on different heads of damage.
Recent Case: General principles and specific offences
Authors: Anderson Adriaan
Published: February 2022

None
Recent Case: Criminal procedure
Authors: du Toit Pieter
Published: February 2022

None
Recent Case: Sentencing
Authors: Terblanche Stephan
Published: February 2022

None
Lay participation in the South African criminal justice system: An assessment of the assessor system
Authors: Tshehla B , Marumoagae MC
Published: February 2022

This paper sets out to demonstrate that the South African assessor system is not structured in a manner that holds the promise of adequately catering for the intended goal of promoting lay participation by community members in the adjudication of criminal cases. It identifies several challenges with the current assessor system in South Africa such as the unjustifiable differentiation between the assessor system in the magistrates’ courts and the high court which undermines this system as a form of lay participation. In the high court, assessors are required to have experience in the administration of justice or some other skill deemed useful in the case tried. This is not required of assessors in the magistrates’ courts. The paper also illustrates that there are no legislative guidelines on the appointment of assessors which leads to wide discretion being given to presiding officers in the appointment of assessors, which could potentially lead to the adoption of different approaches to similar cases. The key argument presented is that the discretion enjoyed by presiding officers when considering whether to use assessors should be limited by legislation. Most importantly, it is argued that that the legislature should consider reforming the assessor system with a view to establishing a system that will be equally applicable to both the high court and magistrates’ courts as the current differentiation seems unjustifiable.
Microbiology of surgical site infection in closed upper limb fractures: data from a prospective trauma registry
Authors: Hashmi Pervaiz , Tashfeen Ahmad  , Muhammad Zehra Abdul
Published: February 2022

The current study aims to determine the rate of surgical site infection, causal microorganism, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern in operated upper limb closed fractures at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Cases presenting between June 2015 to October 2019, were selected from a single-centre, longitudinal, prospective orthopaedic trauma registry. Infection rate, causal microorganism, and antibiotic sensitivity pattern were determined up to six months after surgery. From among a total of 376 closed fractures, 12 encountered surgical site infection with some having late onset, giving an infection rate of 3% which is 1% higher than the international benchmark. Microorganism culture was performed on 5 (42%) patients out of which 2 (40%) were positive. Frequently used prophylactic antibiotics were first generation Cephalosporin and Co-amoxiclav in 9 (75%) patients, but all other the patients required other antibiotic categories. Five patients required implant removal with antibiotic coverage. K-wire insertion required prolonged antibiotic treatment. Most of the cultures were negative in spite of the presence of infection.
Key words: Trauma registry, upper limb, closed fractures, wound infection.
Risk Assessment of Vitamin B12 Deficiency in Male Population of Bahawalpur District
Authors: Tasleem Muhammad Wasim , Rajpoot Sehrish Rana , Irfan Muhammad , Irfan Muhammad , Imran Muhammad , Asad Muhammad , Ahmad Mehboob , Zafar Farah
Published: February 2022

The primary goal of this study was to investigate the prevalence of vitamin B12 insufficiency in various age groups. It is descriptive cross-sectional research in which 180 individuals were assessed for vitamin B12 from the district of Bahawalpur. Patients were placed into groups based on their ages. BMI and serum B12 levels were analyzed and a questionnaire was filled out by them. Data were statistically analyzed through T-test, ANOVA followed by post-hoc Dunnette T3 test, and frequency by Chi-square test. Results revealed that Vitamin B12 statically differed in groups of marital status, sun exposure/day/hour, diet groups, diabetic groups, and age groups. While BMI differed according to different weight groups, sun exposure/day/hour, diabetic groups. The frequency of all the groups statistically differed in all the groups. BMI had a negative correlation with the Vitamin B12 level. It was concluded that the male population was not at risk but the old population at the risk of low levels of vitamin B12.
Design of Intelligent Bicycle Status Indication Apparatus Based on STM32 Microcontroller
Authors: Tang Weilun
Published: February 2022

As the improvement of people’s living standards, more and more motor vehicles are emerging on the roads, which pose a great threat to the bicycle riders on the same routes. Among all the road accidents, more than half are caused by the inadequacy of bicycle signals. To guarantee the safety of these bicycle riders, it is important to show the real-time status of bicycles. Basically, the research method of this paper is design, simulation, and virtual verification. Based on STM32 microcontroller, the overall design scheme of an intelligent bicycle status indication apparatus was proposed, and the hardware and software design was specified. After scheme design, simulation was carried out and showed that with high-performance STM32 microcontroller, the apparatus can promptly show the status of bicycles, and the alarm will ring when other vehicles are in the dangerous range. Theoretical analysis which includes graphical analysis and calculation was successfully conducted, which proved that this design can effectively serve as a status indication apparatus and protect the bicycle riders from collisions.
Isolation and Molecular Identification of a Siderophore Producing Bacterium and its Antagonistic Effect against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4
Authors: Ch’ng Yu Rou , Yong Christina Seok Yien , Othman Siti Norhidayah , Mohd Zainudin Nur Ain Izzati , Mustafa Muskhazli
Published: February 2022

Bananas are one of the world’s most consumed fruits. Developing countries in the Global South depend on bananas for food security and livelihoods. Still, the banana industry also drives a multinational trade worth billions of US dollars. In addition, banana plants also hold cultural and religious significances in many Asian countries. However, banana production faces several challenges, and one of the major issues is the Fusarium wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense Tropical Race 4 (Foc TR4). This disease threatens numerous banana cultivars, including the Cavendish, the most traded banana cultivar. Therefore, the objective of this study was to find effective measures to control the spread of this disease through antagonistic soil bacteria. This study isolated 14 fluorescent, siderophore-producing bacteria with in vitro inhibition rates of 21.73-50.38% against Foc TR4 from the soil surrounding banana plants. Most of the isolates were identified as Pseudomonas spp. via 16S rRNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rRNA sequences showed clustering of isolates congruent with the results of similarity searches. Three isolates that exhibited relatively higher antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense compared to other isolates were JBAA132 (50.38%), K2B131 (46.28%), and KTP231 (45.38%). Isolate JBAA132 displayed differences in biochemical characteristics compared to its closest match (Pseudomonas aeruginosa type strain DSM50071). It also demonstrated nitrogen-fixing and phosphate solubilising properties common to plant growth promoters. Therefore, isolate JBAA132 may be further explored as a potential biocontrol agent in curbing the spread of Foc TR4.
PEMBERDAYAAN ANAK SDN 2 BATUAN KALER SUKAWATI GIANYAR DALAM OPTIMALISASI UNIT KESEHATAN SEKOLAH MELALUI PELATIHAN DOKTER KECIL
Authors: Pendet Ni Made Diah Pusparini , Febianingsih Ni Putu Eka , Astuti Desak Made Puja , Putra I Kadek Agus Dwija
Published: February 2022

The School Health Unit or Unit Kesehatan Sekolah (UKS) aims to improved healthy live habits and the health status of students. The goal of UKS can be achieved if it has cadres with good knowledge, abilities and skills to implemented and transmitted healthy live behaviors to their environment. The UKS cadre is called a Little Doctor. The purpose of this activity was to increase student participation in the UKS program at SDN 2 Batuan Kaler Sukawati. Method: This activity was carried out at SDN 2 Batuan Kaler Sukawati, with the Community Empowering approach. A total of 10 selected students were trained for 3 days (January 24th - 26th 2014). The training done by lectures, discussions and demonstrations. Results: Based on the evaluation in the form of pretest and posttest, it was found that there was an increase in the knowledge of the students / Little Doctors, from 50% to 80%. The training also provided enrichment about UKS for teachers in SDN 2 Batuan Kaler. Conclusion: UKS cadres were formed, namely Little Doctors in SDN 2 Batuan Kaler with 10 students, with a good level of knowledge (80%) after 3 days of training. It is expected that the established Little Doctors can become health cadres for peers, the school environment and home environment to apply the healthy live.
PELATIHAN KADER POSYANDU LANSIA DAN SENAM LANSIA DI DESA GUWANG KECAMATAN SUKAWATI KABUPATEN GIANYAR
Authors: Muryani Ni Made Sri , Widyanata Komang Agus Jerry , Warditha I Wayan
Published: February 2022

Aging is a process of disappearing slowly the ability of the network to repair, replace itself and maintain its normal structure and function. In an effort to improve the health of the elderly effectively, it needs to be supported by adequate human resource skills where one of them is an elderly Posyandu cadre. After training for elderly cadres and posyandu and elderly gymnastics, it is expected that the performance of the elderly posyandu cadres can be optimized so that they can provide better health services to the elderly. Method: This activity uses the Community Empowering approach with the method of lecturing, discussion and demonstration and this activity is divided into three stages, namely preparation, implementation, and evaluation. Result: The formation of elderly cadres, increasing knowledge of the elderly, elderly posyandu and the implementation of elderly gymnastics. Conclusion: Training of elderly posyandu cadres and elderly gymnastics has been carried out well in the form of selection of elderly cadres, implementation of elderly posyandu, and elderly gymnastics through the provision of materials and training for elderly posyandu. It is expected that Puskesmas officers will always supervise and evaluate the elderly posyandu activities in Guwang Village, so that the elderly was monitored for their health conditions.
PELATIHAN PENDIDIKAN SEKSUAL SEBAGAI UPAYA PENCEGAHAN KEKERASAN SEKSUAL PADA ANAK
Authors: Utami Aris Puji , Qiftiyah Mariyatul , Wijayanti Erna Eka
Published: February 2022

Children’s sexual abuse was increasing at Tuban district. Data from the Social Service for Women Empowerment and Child Protection (Dinsos P3A), and NGOs in Tuban District recorded an increase in violence against children, especially victims of sexual abuse from 2013 to 2017, even after Regional Regulation (Perda) Number 13 of 2013 concerning Child Protection was implemented. The impact of cases of sexual violence on children is very severe because it can cause severe trauma, loss of self-confidence, victims will feel hate towards themselves to personality disorders as adults. Methods: One effort that is promoted as an action to prevent incidents of sexual violence against children is an educational workshop sexual abuse in children. The purpose of this community service activity is twofold, namely to increase understanding of sexual education in children and to increase children's awareness of acts of sexual violence, namely to fourth grade students at SDN Gesikharjo Palang Tuban. Result: The workshop was conducted by giving counseling to 86 students grade IV at SDN Gesikharjo Palang Tuban, followed by educational games using giant ladder snake media that have been modified to contain content on sexual education and sexual violence in each box with participants as the pieces to evaluate participants' awareness of sexual violence then closed with a child's self-reflection with a picture of himself to identify the possibility of violence in children. Conclusion: This activity succeeded in increasing the understanding and alertness of grade IV children at SDN Gesikharjo Palang Tuban and finding students who were victims of violence which were then treated by counselors from NGOs caring for children. Suggestions, the government and educational institutions need to launch a sexual education program and increase awareness of sexual violence against minors as an effort to prevent sexual violence against children.
The Effects of the COVID-19 on Our Daily Lives in Bangladesh
Authors: Pitol Md. Najmus Sayadat , Ahmed Shakil , Kumar Hready , Islam Md. Akramul , Dey Tanmoy , Kumar Bachar Bichitra , Kumar Ghosh Rupak
Published: February 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic originated from Wuhan, China, spread around the world with horror and dramatic loss of human life. The economic and social catastrophe has made it even more irresistible. An attempt has been made to find out what kind of psychological and livelihood-related impacts Covid-19 has had on our daily lives. Data had been collected through convenient online surveys where 344 respondents were interviewed. Most of the respondents reported the reduction of movement, income and working hours. The majority reported a noticeable decrease in sleep, health condition and body weight due to the increase of tension where some tensed more. Corona can be avoided by drinking hot water and tea, this idea had increased the amount of hot water and tea consumed by the common people. Many of those who lost their jobs were distressed and others also were distressed at the thought of how long they would stay. The most frightening thing was that the addiction to the virtual world had increased dramatically.
The Hot-Stamping Effect on the Corrosion Properties of the 22MnB5 Steel Coated with Hot-Dip Aluminum-Silicon Assessed by a Salt Spray Test and Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Pucci Couto Camila , Baert Kitty , Costa Isolda , Panossian Zehbour , De Graeve Iris , Terryn Herman , Luiz Rossi Jesualdo , Revilla Reynier I.
Published: February 2022

The effect of hot stamping on the corrosion properties of boron-manganese 22MnB5 steel coated with hot-dip aluminum-silicon was evaluated under severe conditions by a continuous salt spray test (SST). The corrosion mechanism changed from localized to generalized, as cathodic precipitates were not present after hot stamping. Intrinsic defects in press-hardened steel samples were the reason for severe damage in both metallic coating and steel substrate under SST conditions. The red rust formed at the top surface, characterized as different iron-based compounds, is due to both the iron diffusion from the steel substrate toward the surface and the corrosion of the steel substrate.