bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
‘AI‐navigating’ or ‘AI‐sinking’? An analysis of verbs in research articles titles suspicious of containing AI‐generated/assisted content
Authors: Comas‐Forgas Ruben , Koulouris Alexandros , Kouis Dimitris
Published: December 2024

Our study investigates the impact of Artificial Intelligence (AI), specifically generative AI technologies (GAI), on the linguistics of academic article titles. Triggered by suspicious of increased usage of specific verbs in article titles, this research hypothesizes that GAI tools may be influencing the language of scientific communication. To explore this hypothesis, we conducted a comprehensive analysis on the frequency and distribution of 15 selected verbs in research article titles, using data extracted from the SCOPUS database spanning 2015 to 2024. The methodology integrates qualitative observations with a bibliometric approach, examining the presence and trends of these verbs across multiple scientific disciplines. The findings reveal a marked increase in these verbs, pointing towards AI's involvement in title generation. We also explore document characteristics, such as disciplinary backgrounds and publication contexts, to gauge AI's impact on academic writing. Furthermore, the research attempts to quantify the extent of AI‐assisted title generation. Despite several limitations, this investigation paves the way for future studies to broaden the linguistic and database scope. It underscores the need for establishing AI usage standards in academic publishing, contributing valuable insights into the ongoing dialogue about AI's integration into academic writing.
Influencer Activism: Insights for Effective Partnership With Brands and Organizations
Authors: D'Arco Mario , Branca Generoso , Marino Vittoria , Resciniti Riccardo
Published: November 2024

Influencers can effectively promote products and brands but are also leading personalities who might inspire others to support polarizing and/or prosocial issues (e.g., against gender‐based violence, social inequality, and racism). This research analyses the impact of influencer activism on perceived authenticity and prosocial behaviors, focusing on collaborations with brands and nonprofit organizations. Drawing on social influence theory and signaling theory, two key factors are examined: the influencer‐partner congruity, and the influencer‐sociopolitical issue alignment. The research consists of a preliminary study, four experimental studies on behavioral intentions, two experimental studies on proxies of actual behavior, and a content analysis on Instagram comments. The results suggest that congruity and alignment significantly enhance perceived authenticity, which positively impacts attitudes toward the influencer and increases the intention to engage in prosocial behaviors. The article offers further insight into individual engagement in actual prosocial behavior, such as seeking information on an issue, subscribing to newsletters, and signing petitions. The research underscores the importance of selecting congruent influencers, whose values and advocacy efforts are consistent with the brand's or organization's characteristics, and aligned with relevant issues, to enhance perceived authenticity, foster genuine engagement and effectively drive prosocial behaviors through effective partnerships.
Deep Learning Methods for De Novo Peptide Sequencing
Authors: Bittremieux Wout , Ananth Varun , Fondrie William E. , Melendez Carlo , Pominova Marina , Sanders Justin , Wen Bo , Yilmaz Melih , Noble William S.
Published: November 2024

Protein tandem mass spectrometry data are most often interpreted by matching observed mass spectra to a protein database derived from the reference genome of the sample being analyzed. In many application domains, however, a relevant protein database is unavailable or incomplete, and in such settings de novo sequencing is required. Since the introduction of the DeepNovo algorithm in 2017, the field of de novo sequencing has been dominated by deep learning methods, which use large amounts of labeled mass spectrometry data to train multi‐layer neural networks to translate from observed mass spectra to corresponding peptide sequences. Here, we describe these deep learning methods, outline procedures for evaluating their performance, and discuss the challenges in the field, both in terms of methods development and evaluation protocols.
Carbon Transition Risk, Emissions Trading Schemes, and Firm Performance: International Evidence
Authors: Vu Van Thi Thuy , Hoang Khanh , Huynh Toan Luu Duc
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the impact of carbon transition risk and emissions trading schemes (ETSs) on the firm performance using a sample of 401,692 firm‐quarter observations from 64 countries and territories during the 2010–2019 period. Using the Paris Agreement 2015 as the quasi‐natural experiment, our difference‐in‐differences analysis provides robust evidence of carbon transition risk enhancing heavy polluter firms' performance in countries that implemented ETS, but it is not the case for their counterparts. Our findings suggest the importance of ETS implementation in the sustainable development and demonstrate strong heterogeneity in the impact of carbon transition risk on corporate outcomes.
Review Article: Blockchain Technology and Governance of Franchise Networks
Authors: Jell‐Ojobor Maria , Russwurm Roland , Windsperger Josef
Published: November 2024

This study explores the implications of the introduction of blockchain technology for the governance of franchise networks. In light of the limited prior research on this topic, the study employs a twofold approach. It begins by identifying the central themes present in current research at the intersection of franchising and blockchain technology. Next, it examines existing instances of implementations of blockchain technology and connects them to corresponding value chain operations in the franchising context. The study takes a comprehensive approach, combining bibliometric analysis with a semisystematic literature review, to offer insights into blockchain technology's potential future impact on the franchise industry. Specifically, it shows that franchise network governance can benefit significantly from attributes of blockchain such as transparency, efficiency, and trust as well as from its various applications such as smart contracts and decentralized autonomous organizations.
Homozygous Microdeletion Involving Exon 1 of ERCC8 and NDUFAF2 With Uniparental Isodisomy of Chromosome 5
Authors: Yamoto Kaori , Yamada Kosuke , Shimizu Kenji , Miyamoto Sachiko , Nakashima Mitsuko , Saitsu Hirotomo
Published: December 2024

Background

Uniparental isodisomy (UPiD) refers to a condition, in which both homologous chromosomes are inherited from only one parental homolog, which can result in either imprinting disorders or autosomal recessive conditions.

Methods

We performed chromosomal microarray analysis, exome sequencing (ES), and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) using the patient's urine‐derived cells on a patient with growth retardation and multiple congenital anomalies.

Results

We identified a homozygous ~0.53 kb microdeletion at 5q12.1, which was transmitted from the father with paternal UPiD(5). The deletion encompassed the first exon of both the ERCC8 and NDUFAF2 genes, which are responsible for Cockayne syndrome (CS) and mitochondrial complex I deficiency, respectively. Furthermore, RNA‐seq confirmed the reduced expression of both genes. Indeed, in addition to clinical features common to both syndromes, such as growth retardation, developmental delay, and feeding difficulties, the patient exhibited blended phenotypes: the characteristic features of CS, including arthrogryposis, microcephaly, and facial dysmorphisms, and those of mitochondrial complex I deficiency, including high serum lactate levels and lethal apnea resulting in a severe clinical course.

Conclusion

The results imply that ES in combination with RNA‐seq could be a powerful method for the detection of underlying factors responsible for rare genetic conditions, such as UPD.
A Novel High Common‐Mode Suppression Balanced Bandpass Filter With Elliptical SIW Resonator
Authors: Xia Zuxue , Cheng Rui , Xia Wenhai , Cao Xin , Xiong Xin , Hu Jiayuan
Published: December 2024

A novel substrate integrated waveguide resonator, specifically an elliptical SIW resonator (ESIWR), is proposed in this research. Due to the incomplete symmetry of ESIWR, compared to circular SIW resonator (CSIWR), the natural resonance frequencies of the first degenerate modes TMC110 and TMS110 are different. Additionally, by incorporating C‐slotlines, the coupling between the two ESIWRs is enhanced. Moreover, transmission zeros are introduced through source‐load coupling to enhance frequency selectivity. Furthermore, the use of meandering technique reduces the resonant frequency and lowers the relative size λg by 12.1%. The simulation and measurement results are in good agreement, demonstrating the realization of three transmission zeros with out‐of‐band suppression levels of 56.5, 68.1, and 69.3 dB, respectively, indicating excellent out‐of‐band suppression performance. Additionally, the measured minimum common‐mode suppression within the passband exceeds 55.8 dB, metal perturbation columns loading desirable common‐mode suppression. Based on the simulation and measurement results, this novel filter is well‐suited for RF front‐end devices in complex electromagnetic environments.
A Broadband Coaxial‐to‐Elliptical Waveguide Transition Using Step‐Impedance Probe
Authors: Lin Long‐Long , Xu Zong‐Ming , Chen Jian‐Xin , Yang Yong‐Jie
Published: December 2024

In this letter, a broadband coaxial‐to‐elliptical waveguide (EWG) transition is proposed using the E‐plane stepped‐impedance probe (SIP). According to the E‐field distribution of the dominate TEc11 mode of the EWG, the SIP is arranged along the short axis of the EWG, and then the dominate TEc11 mode of the EWG can be excited well while its first two high‐order modes (TEc21 and TEs11) are suppressed. Accordingly, a wideband transition with single‐mode operation is achieved. To obtain good matching in the wideband, four‐step SIP is optimized. For verification, a back‐to‐back transition centered at 4.9 GHz is designed and measured. The measured impedance bandwidth with |S11| < −15 dB is over 58.4%. Within it, the minimum insertion loss is 0.03 dB. Good agreement between the simulated and measured results can be observed.
Wie Batterien im Kreis laufen
Authors: Wesselkämper Jannis , von Delft Stephan
Published: December 2024

Elektroautobatterien zu recyceln, macht Lieferketten für Materialien wie Lithium, Cobalt und Nickel ökologisch, sozial und ökonomisch nachhaltig. Bis es soweit ist, sollte die Übergangsphase in Europa im Sinn einer verantwortungsvollen Ressourcennutzung optimiert werden.
Vorbeugen mit Pille oder Spritze
Authors: Groß Michael
Published: December 2024

Wirkstoffe, mit denen Aids behandelt wird, verhindern die Krankheit, wenn sie prophylaktisch geschluckt oder gespritzt werden. Dies könnte die Bekämpfung der Epidemie revolutionieren – zumindest, wenn die Mittel zuverlässig verfügbar sind und auch so genutzt werden.
Improving Food‐Related Inhibitory Control Through an mHealth Intervention—A Secondary Outcome Analysis of an RCT
Authors: Schoemann Natalie , Seiferth Caroline , Pape Magdalena , Färber Tanja , Herpertz Stephan , Steins‐Loeber Sabine , Wolstein Jörg
Published: December 2024

Background

Experimental studies reveal that deficits in food‐related inhibitory control, rather than general impulsiveness, are closely linked to overweight and obesity. To date, the real‐world implications remain unknown, and it is unclear whether these results are supported in the clinical field.

Objective

To examine the effectiveness of a mobile health (mHealth) intervention with cognitive and behavioral therapeutic elements in altering impulsiveness and food‐related inhibitory control.

Methods

Prespecified secondary outcome analysis of a randomized controlled trial. Participants with overweight/obesity (BMI: M = 33.35 kg/m2, SD = 3.79 kg/m2, N = 213) were randomly assigned to either a 12‐week mHealth intervention (n = 116) or wait‐list control group (n = 97). The Barratt‐Impulsiveness‐Scale (BIS‐15) and the Food‐Related Inhibitory Control Scale (FRIS) were administered at baseline (T0) following the intervention (T1), at 9 and 15 month post baseline (T2, T3). Multi‐level analyses were calculated.

Results

Compared to the control group, the intervention group reported higher food‐related inhibitory control on several subscales of the FRIS: In Withholding in Social Situations at T1 (95% CI: 0.06–0.46) and T2 (95%CI: 0.09–0.50), Action Cancellation at T1 (95%CI: 0.05–0.45), Resisting despite Craving at T1 (95% CI: 0.07–0.49), Withstanding Rewarding Food at T2 (95%CI: 0.08–0.55) and Action Withholding at T3 (95% CI: 0.01–0.55). No differences were found for trait impulsiveness (T1: 95%CI: −1.91–0.47; T2: 95%CI: −1.65–0.84; T3: 95%CI: −0.88–1.67).

Conclusions

Food‐related inhibitory control, rather than global measures of impulsiveness, addresses the critical association between inhibitory control and health‐conscious dietary choices and can be improved by mHealth intervention.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04080193
Mitigation Techniques for Volumetric Locking in the Implicit Material Point Method (MPM)
Authors: Meyer Julian , Kaliske Michael
Published: December 2024

The material point method (MPM) aims to avoid mesh distortion problems occurring in the commonly used finite element method (FEM). To achieve this, the continuum is discretized as a set of material points, while the solution of the weak form of the underlying partial differential equations is conducted on an Eulerian background mesh. As this process works similar to FEM, the MPM also displays volumetric locking for near‐incompressible materials. However, this also means that mitigation techniques developed for FEM can be adapted to the MPM. The main difficulty for this process lies in the higher‐continuity basis functions, which are required in MPM to achieve reasonable results. This study first reviews the applicability of different locking mitigation techniques in MPM. Then, a framework for a locking‐free implicit MPM is presented and validated using common tests investigating the locking behavior and stress oscillations. Finally, the presented methods are applied to a viscoelastic material model representing unvulcanized rubber to show the potential of MPM for tire molding simulations.
Quantification of α‐Acids, β‐Acids, and Phenolic Compounds in Corsican Hops Using LC–MS/MS and Metabolomic Approach Through Molecular Networks
Authors: Dabbous‐Wach A. , Majidi L. , Lorenzetti J. V. , Paolini J. , Costa J.
Published: November 2024

Introduction

Determining the bittering profile of hops is a prerequisite for their use in beer making industry. To fully grasp the brewing potential of Corsican hops, it is therefore essential to perform a precise quantification of the molecules responsible for their bittering power.

Objective

The aim of this study is highlighting of the bittering profile of Corsican hops.

Methodology

A method for the characterization and quantification of α‐acids, β‐acids, and phenolic compounds in Corsican hops using high performance liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry (LC–MS/MS) has been developed. In addition to the six α‐ and β‐acids commonly quantified in hops, seven others hop acids were identified using a new methodology based on the analysis of their fragmentation pattern in full‐scan detection mode. The compounds were then quantified as humulone or lupulone equivalents. Subsequently, a metabolomic analysis of hop cones was conducted using the method of molecular networking.

Results

A total of 28 compounds were quantified. The influence of both annual climate variations and transplantation on the chemical composition of hops extractives was highlighted. The molecular network elucidation led to the identification of 34 compounds. Among them, eight were previously undescribed in hops, including one previously unknown to the literature.

Conclusion

The methodologies developed in this study have shed light on the “bittering” potential of Corsican hops which represents a significant economic opportunity for the local brewing industry potentially establishing a new, sustainable, and profitable hops market. This work focuses extensively on the phenolic compounds and the bittering acids of Corsican hops, aiming to highlight their unique organoleptic characteristics and the influence of the Corsican terroir on their chemical composition and abundance.
A Review of Dynamic Fault Tree Analysis and Capacity Degradation for Complex Redundant Systems
Authors: Rubin Michael , Du Dongping
Published: November 2024

In an effort to explore methods to improve overall system reliability, this systematic literature review (SLR) explores the current state of dynamic fault trees (DFTs) for complex, redundant systems that exhibit performance degradation over time. DFTs were first developed to manage and optimize redundant resources of computer system components, but have also been successfully used to manage redundant resources in aircraft and naval fuel distribution systems, transportation systems, industrial plants, computer networks, cardiac assist systems, and spacecraft systems. More recent DFT gates were added to identify, filter, and manage time‐dependent failures to minimize their impacts on the overall system performance and reliability, and have been applied to aircraft fault management systems, nuclear power plants, and alarm management systems. This SLR also explored the current state of technology for dynamically calculating not only the current capacity of system components, but also predicting their remaining useful life (RUL), remaining useful performance (RUP), and capacity degradation profiles. This is essential in understanding capacity degradation in the broader context of optimization of resources in complex, redundant systems. This SLR analysis revealed two gaps in the current technology and application of DFTs to complex systems. First, the usage of DFTs for failure management requires that the DFT is developed with a priori knowledge of specific failure modes, meaning that DFTs are inherently not scalable for new failures that are discovered. Second, although DFTs do address failure management, there are inherent limitations in the detection and application of partial failures or capacity degradation in the DFT infrastructure.
Electron Transfer Dissociation of Alkali‐Cationized Phosphatidylcholines Allows Easy Double Bonds and sn‐1/sn‐2 Localizations
Authors: Carlos John , Gosset‐Erard Clarisse , Salpin Jean‐Yves , Poyer Salomé
Published: December 2024

Rationale

The emergence of new mass spectrometry (MS) dissociation methods has highlighted lipid isomers as new biomarkers. Only a few commercial methods without derivatization are available to characterize phosphatidylcholines (PCs) at the isomeric level. We propose to use electron transfer dissociation (ETD) as a method to determine the position of both double bonds and stereo numbering (sn) on glycerol for PC species.

Methods

Doubly charged PCs were analyzed using alkali salts to promote the formation of [PC + 2Alk]2+ species. ETD‐MS2 experiments were performed using a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer with an ESI source to annotate sn‐positions. ETD‐CID‐MS3 experiments were then done on ETnoD [M + 2Alk]+• or [M + 2Alk−N(CH3)3]+• species to localize double bond positions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations and cyclic ion mobility spectrometry c‐IMS‐MS/MS experiments were used to support fragmentation assumptions.

Results

ETD‐MS2 experiments exhibit a systematic sn‐2 favorable cleavage, allowing sn‐positioning through a radical cation‐driven mechanism supported by DFT calculations. This behavior contrasts with CID experiments, in which the initial positioning of alkali cations influences ester bond cleavage, as shown by c‐IMS‐MS/MS experiments. The dissociation process studied for ETD‐CID‐MS3 experiments on 10 different PC isomers allowed us to localize double bonds for either monounsaturated or polyunsaturated species.

Conclusions

The dissociation rules established for ETD‐MS2 and ETD‐CID‐MS3 experiments on PC isomers enable their annotation at the isomeric level without instrumental modification or complex sample preparation. This method could be easily coupled to LC separation using post‐column introduction of an alkali salt for complex mixture analysis.
A Simple Method for Triple Stable Isotope Analysis of Cellulose, Sugar, and Bulk Organic Matter—Advances and Limitations
Authors: Saurer Matthias , Oettli Manuela , Lehmann Marco M.
Published: December 2024

Rationale

Determining several isotope ratios in one analysis multiplies the information that can be retrieved from a sample in a cost‐efficient way. The stable isotope ratios of hydrogen (δ2H), carbon (δ13C), and oxygen (δ18O) in organic compounds are highly relevant due to their complimentary hydroclimatic and physiological signals. Different types of organic material reflect different processes and integration times, like short term in leaf sugars and long term in tree ring cellulose, but currently, no simple method exists for their triple isotope analysis.

Methods

Here, we present a method that enables the isotopic analyses of the three elements H, C, and O in one run and is applicable to different types of carbohydrates and bulk organic matter. We discuss all steps required from water vapor equilibration necessary for obtaining reliable δ2H values of carbon‐bound H to high‐temperature conversion (HTC) of the sample to CO and H2 and to the mass‐spectrometric isotope‐ratio analysis.

Results

We show that reliable triple isotope analysis is possible for a large range of samples, although it results in some reduction of precision compared to individual isotope analysis. Important considerations are the equilibration procedure, the type of autosampler, selection of HTC reactor, the influence of nitrogen in the sample, the verification of δ13C values obtained by HTC versus combustion, and the selection of reference materials.

Conclusions

By presenting a relatively simple triple‐isotope method, we promote the use of multi‐isotope studies in environmental sciences, which helps in addressing many important climate and ecological research challenges that we face today.
Detection and Identification of New Chlorphenesin Carbamate Metabolites in Human Urine and Metabolomic Characterization Using Liquid Chromatography‐Q Exactive‐HF‐Orbitrap‐Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Xu Wennuo , Niu Bing , Li Zhongquan , Zhuo Yue , Xu Siyan , Liu Bing , Deng Xiaojun
Published: December 2024

Chlorphenesin carbamate is a skeletal muscle relaxant, and one of its metabolites is 4‐chlorophenoxyacetic acid (4‐CPA), which is included on the Prohibited List of the World Anti‐Doping Agency (WADA). The non‐prohibited substance, chlorphenesin carbamate, as a potential source of 4‐CPA, needs to be identified more strongly in doping control protocols. In this paper, the metabolism of chlorphenesin carbamate in human urine was studied. Ten volunteers were recruited to take chlorphenesin carbamate tablets orally, and urine samples were collected before and after being tested. The urine samples were detected by liquid chromatography‐Q Exactive HF orbitrap mass spectrometry (LC‐Q Exactive HF‐MS) in full MS and full MS‐ddMS2 scanning modes. Based on accurate molecular formulae determination and fragmentation pattern analysis by mass spectrometry, a total of 29 chlorphenesin carbamate metabolites were found, comprising 18 newly identified metabolites and 11 previously reported metabolites. There were five potential metabolic processes listed: hydroxylation, amide hydrolysis, C‐oxidation, O‐glucuronidation, sulfation, and their combinations. Chlorphenesin carbamate and the 29 metabolites were compared for their detection windows, and the findings indicated that the two recently reported metabolites, M9 and M10, had longer detection windows than the metabolites documented by the WADA. These metabolites are anticipated to be long‐lasting biomarkers for the detection of chlorphenesin carbamate intake. By analyzing the results of metabolomic profiling, it was found that the metabolites with significant changes were mainly related to histidine metabolism and β‐alanine metabolism pathways. This paper provides a comprehensive report on the metabolic profile of urinary chlorphenesin carbamate and reveals a point of view the changes in the metabolic in the human body, which is conducive to supporting the detection of chlorphenesin carbamate and meclofenoxate for doping control, as well as a better understanding of the mechanism of action of chlorphenesin carbamate as a drug.
Hydroelectric Dams Affect Hyporheic Copepod Diversity
Authors: Di Cicco M. , Galmarini E. , Cerasoli F. , Fiasca B. , Galassi D. M. P.
Published: November 2024

This study investigates the ecological impact of a small hydroelectric power plant (SHPP) on the hyporheic zone of the venacquaro stream (VEN), a low‐order groundwater‐fed stream in Central Italy. The hyporheic zone, a critical ecological interface where groundwater and surface water interact, plays a pivotal role in nutrient cycling, pollutant retention, and supporting aquatic biodiversity. However, hydrological alterations from activities such as damming pose significant threats to this zone. The research employs a three‐pronged approach to assess the effect of a SHPP on hyporheic copepod communities. Copepods were selected as the focal group due to their dominance in this habitat. Initially, a generalized estimating equation (GEE) model was used to evaluate changes in copepod diversity, specifically alpha and beta diversity. The study then examines environmental shifts caused by the SHPP using permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Lastly, a multivariate species distribution model (mSDM) explores correlations between environmental variables and copepod abundances. Results reveal significant alterations in copepod assemblage structure and environmental variables downstream of the SHPP. The GEE model indicates a notable shift in beta diversity, primarily driven by disruptions in hyporheic connectivity rather than environmental changes alone. This disruption favours stygobitic species downstream, suggesting the influence of groundwater upwelling. Environmental analysis shows several differences between upstream and downstream sites, with changes in parameters such as pH, temperature, and dissolved organic carbon. The study highlights the need for effective management strategies to mitigate sediment accumulation and maintain habitat quality in SHPP‐affected streams. Techniques like sediment bypass tunnels (SBTs) are recommended to preserve both economic and ecological values. This research contributes to the still limited understanding of SHPP impacts on hyporheic ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of considering these effects in hydropower development and riverine ecosystem conservation.
A Sequence of Sensemaking in a High School Chemistry Classroom: Tracking Student Thinking and Positioning
Authors: Criswell Brett , Demir Kadir , Zoss Michelle
Published: November 2024

This qualitative case study delved into students’ understanding and positioning while they participated in solving an authentic, conceptually‐based problem in a high‐school chemistry class. Verbal and nonverbal cues, particularly gestures, offered broader awareness of students’ engagement in sensemaking during the learning experience. The chemistry classroom emerged as a dynamic space where intricate scientific thinking unfolded during this experience, and our embodied, multimodal analysis focused on unraveling this complexity. Our analysis determined the ways that various features of the contextual configuration—the intersection of different semiotic fields in the social setting—affected student thinking and participation. For example, the lack of specific reference to semiotic resources and the lack of attention to a key gesture influenced the way ideas evolved in the solution generation phase. The analysis also revealed the teacher's impact on the contextual configuration at critical junctures, including her influence on the use of semiotic resources and on student positioning. Finally, the embodied and multimodal analysis provided insights into the affordances and constraints of the activity structure and modes of communication on student's involvement in scientific practices. These insights highlighted the importance of educators recognizing diverse forms of student expression, including gestures, as essential for nurturing scientific sensemaking and supporting students in utilizing different modalities productively. Our approach can assist researchers in holistically investigating pedagogical strategies that can facilitate reform‐based science teaching. It can also assist teachers in fostering effective communication—both verbal and non‐verbal, while simultaneously guiding positioning within and between student groups, establishing an environment conducive to equitable sensemaking.
Li‐Ions Pre‐intercalation Strategy of Manganese Oxides for Capacitive Deionization‐Based Selective Lithium Extraction From Low‐grade Brine
Authors: Bao Yang , Ji ZeYing , Zhou Hongru , Zhang Cui , Song Shaoxian , Jia Feifei , Li Jianbo , Quintana Mildred
Published: November 2024

In this work, Li preintercalated λ‐LixMnO2 with tunable lithium content is synthesized, which exhibited excellent electrochemical performance and dual‐mode electrochemical storage behavior. Double‐layer capacitive and diffusion‐controlled Faradaic processes play a role in the charge–discharge process, leading to an enhanced lithium selective adsorption capacity. When employed in hybrid capacitive deionization (HCDI), the λ‐Li1.5MnO2 obtains a Li+ adsorption capacity of 33.68 mg g−1 in 32.74 mg L−1 Li+ ion solution and low energy consumption of 0.19 Wh g−1. Moreover, the λ‐Li1.5MnO2 electrode exhibited outstanding cycling stability, with a significant capacity retention rate of 80% and a manganese mass dissolution rate of 1.2% over 100 intercalation/deintercalation cycles. λ‐Li1.5MnO2 achieved outstanding lithium selectivity with a separation factor ≈32.7 at a Mg2+/Li+ molar ratio of 30 in synthetic brine. Importantly, λ‐Li1.5MnO2 achieved a high Li+ adsorption capacity and good selectivity in Lop Nor, the low‐grade original brine of the XieLi salt flats, making it a candidate electrode for lithium extraction from low‐grade original brine. The pre‐intercalation strategy offers a viable option for rationalizing other intercalation electrode materials for electrochemical lithium extraction from low‐grade original brine.
Anion Doping as a “Trigger” to Modulate Defect‐Tailored Dielectric Coupling for Ultrathin Microwave Absorber
Authors: Pei Ruifeng , Chen Yikun , Rao Huichao , Jin Wenhui , Nan Kai , Wang Yan
Published: December 2024

Anion doping engineering is recognized as a prospective strategy to adjust the electronic configuration and transport capacity of carbon‐based magnetoelectric hybrids and to optimize defects for the modulation of electromagnetic (EM) properties. This study effectively accomplishes an overwhelming enhancement in the dielectric coupling between conduction and polarization for the CuCo bimetallic/carbon system by employing in situ (N, O)/ex situ (S, Se) doping and defect modulation strategies. The well‐designed lattice distortions are facilitated by the large atomic radii (Se) intercalated carbon skeleton and the bimetallic CuCo, which activate the reinforcement of the dipole polarization in the high‐frequency region. Interestingly, an appropriate number of vacancies acts as “electron traps” to accelerate the local charge redistribution, endowing the system with extremely strong electronic interactions and interface‐induced polarization. It is remarkable that the ultra‐thin feature (1.8 mm) is able to achieve an extraordinary microwave attenuation (‒56.1 dB). Additionally, specific defect upgrading of anionic Se doping beneficially hinders the development of phonon transmission, conferring Cu2Se/CoSe2/NC‐Se aerogel outstanding infrared stealth capabilities along with inheriting the advantages of traditional carbon‐based hybrids (lightness, compressive/structural stability, and hydrophobicity/anti‐corrosive properties). This research offers distinctive perspectives on the advanced design of multifunctional absorbers in complex environments.
Innovative Applications and Perspectives of Surface‐Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Technology in Biomedicine
Authors: Xu Lei , Xie Yujiao , Liu Aochi , Xie Liting , Miao Xinyu , Hou Zhiwei , Xiang Lingchao , Jiang Tianan , Wu Aiguo , Lin Jie
Published: November 2024

Surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has become a revolutionary technique in the biomedical field, providing unparalleled sensitivity for the detection and characterization of biological samples. In this review, recent SERS innovations are comprehensively discussed, including advanced substrate materials, different SERS detection strategies, and multimodal approaches that combine SERS with other biotechnologies. Among them, the role of SERS in the accurate diagnosis of tumors is highlighted, which has promoted accurate molecular analysis and real‐time monitoring of treatment effects. In addition, the growing potential of SERS in the treatment of chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases is discussed. Moreover, the integration with microfluidic chip systems for precise single‐cell analysis is presented. To give a forward‐looking view, the key challenges faced by SERS technology are also proposed, and possible solutions to overcome these obstacles are provided.
Metallo‐supramolecular nanofibers based on type‐I photosensitizer for synergistic antibacterial therapy
Authors: Lyu Shibo , Li Lukun , Gao Jingdong , Liu Dapeng , Song Fengling
Published: December 2024

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) has shown great merits in treating microbial infections due to its absence of bacterial resistance. However, the pronounced hypoxic microenvironment in the bacterial infections limits the therapeutic efficiency of traditional type‐II PDT, which is highly dependent on oxygen. Here type‐I photosensitizer BTZn‐Py (n = 8, 20) coordinates with chemical antibacterial agent Ag+ to fabricate metallo‐supramolecular nanofibers. Under light irradiation, the formed nanofibers could not only generate type‐II reactive oxygen species (ROS), 1O2, but also produce type‐I ROS O2•− which addressed the hypoxic issues within infected tissues. Moreover, the acid‐ and photo‐active Ag+ release from the nanofibers endowed the metallo‐supramolecular nanofibers with controlled release characteristic, which showed good biocompatibility to normal tissues. Owing to controlled Ag+ release and photoinduced type‐I ROS, the in vitro and in vivo experiments confirmed the significantly synergistic antibacterial performance of the metallo‐supramolecular fibers against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria.
One‐Click to 3D: Helical Carbon Nanotube‐Mediated MXene Hierarchical Aerogel with Layer Spacing Engineering for Broadband Electromagnetic Wave Absorption
Authors: Lin Jing , Peng Yuhui , Luo Jingyuan , Xiong Zhiqiang , Huang Jun , Zeng Xiaojun , Wu Liping , Peng Jinbin , Liu Chongbo
Published: November 2024

MXenes are 2D materials known for their unique electromagnetic wave absorption (EMWA) properties arising from their varied composition and structure. In this study, a one‐step ice‐assisted process is utilized to directly transform 2D MXene into 3D single‐layer MXene aerogels (SMAs). Furthermore, the interlayer spacing of the SMAs is optimized by incorporating helical carbon nanotubes (HCNTs). Because of the van der Waals interaction between the MXene nanosheets and HCNTs, the assembled HCNT@MXene aerogels (HMAs) exhibited a regular porous structure and moderate conductivity, leading to significantly enhanced electromagnetic responses, as demonstrated by finite element simulation. The HMAs showed an exceptional EMWA, with a minimum reflection loss of −51.45 dB and an effective absorption bandwidth of 6.48 GHz at 3.0 wt.% filler ratio. Additionally, visualization of surface charge distribution and power loss density characteristics clarified the underlying EMWA mechanisms. By employing a hollow structure gradient metamaterial design, the effective EMWA bandwidth is further expanded to 13.98 GHz. Additionally, HMAs exhibited the maximum radar cross‐section reduction values with 27.08 dB m2. Moreover, the HMAs exhibited excellent thermal insulation capability. This paper presents a straightforward yet effective method for fabricating MXene aerogels and offers valuable insights for the development and application of MXene‐aerogel‐based EMW absorbers.
Fourier Neural Network Circuit Implementation Based on Direct Weight Determination
Authors: Hong Qinghui , Guan Zhenghan , Sun Jingru , Du Sichun
Published: November 2024

In the Fourier triangular basis neural network model, the calculation of weights based on BP iterative algorithm has a longer training time. To improve this situation, a Fourier neural network circuit design based on direct weight method is proposed in this paper, which can realize the fast calculation of neural network weights in one step. Moreover, the circuit can realize the dynamic fitting of different curves by adjusting the memristors. Some functions are given as examples to verify the accuracy, error and prediction ability of the fitting. The PSPICE simulation results demonstrate that the average accuracy rate achieves 96.21%. Compared with the BP algorithm on MATLAB, the operation speed of this circuit is improved by several orders of magnitude and has better function prediction ability. © 2024 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan and Wiley Periodicals LLC.
Black is Beauty: Jamaican Teachers Fostering Pro‐Blackness in Elementary Education
Authors: Jackson Jarvais J. , Scharschmidt Kadesha , Miller‐Smith Heidi , Blackwood‐Smith Addaniekie , Stultz Vanessa
Published: November 2024

“Black is beauty” is a powerful affirmation in Jamaican families, emphasizing the value of Blackness beyond race. Similarly, “Black is Beautiful” empowers Black Americans. This article explores the beauty of Blackness from a Jamaican perspective in the U.S., demonstrating pro‐Black pedagogy in classrooms to uplift Black students. Despite the global dispersion of Black people, our Africanness, rooted in Mother Africa, remains influential. This article examines the pro‐Black journeys of four Jamaican teachers and a teacher educator, enhancing Black students' educational experiences in an urban southern U.S. city and showcasing the interconnectedness of Blackness.
Combined first‐trimester screening vs non‐invasive prenatal testing
Authors: Jiang F. , Li D.‐Z.
Published: December 2024

Linked article: Linked article: This Correspondence comments on Gadsbøll et al. Click here to view the article
Introduction: The Gothic Aesthetic
Authors: Jacob Ramalho Joana
Published: November 2024

This book defines the cinematic Gothic as an intergeneric, transnational, and transhistorical aesthetics of memory. It suggests that the cross-border movements of those I call ‘travelling directors’ had a crucial impact on the emergence, development, and dissemination of the Gothic. This approach expands the canon to filmmakers and national traditions that have not received much attention in the context of the Gothic and supports an examination of the aesthetic as exilic at its core. I consider memory and processes of manual re-membering to be structural to the aesthetic’s carefully staged ‘sensuous geographies’ (Rodaway, Sensuous Geographies: Body, Sense and Place. London: Routledge, 1994). Guided by three key concepts—memory, travelling, and touch—this volume encourages a reappraisal of traditional modes of reading the Gothic by redrawing its scope, retracing its origins, and refocusing attention on surfaces as sites of meaning. In urging the reader to think about the cinematic Gothic in these terms, and through a range of disciplines, this book extends previous scholarship and breaks new ground for investigating not only areas that have eluded critical study, such as the role of hands in film, but also prioritises issues relevant to current academic discourse on memory, migration, and the senses.
Memory as Personal History: Émigrés, Exiles, and Professional Travellers
Authors: Jacob Ramalho Joana
Published: November 2024

This chapter argues that gothic films are the product of travels and cultural exchanges and offers an investigation of the types of mobility that characterise the agents of the filmic Gothic, mostly European émigrés, exiles, and professional travellers who created a distinct way of visually rewriting and externalising experiences of displacement and alienation on the screen. Alongside such names as Alfred Hitchcock, my investigation discusses the role of hitherto elided but significant figures, such as Robert Wiene and Victor Sjöström. The relevance of the travelling directors is further explored via their impact on the works of Hathaway, Cocteau, and Carné, among others. The chapter only just looks at the countries of production but considers the nationalities and cross-border travels of the filmmakers as well. In doing so, it creates a framework for a combined aesthetic and socio-political approach to the films—one which does not excavate beneath the surface for meaning or allegorises moments in the narratives as either symbolic of universal human anxieties or strictly national, time-bound preoccupations. In refusing to separate between style and substance, it proposes a close engagement with the surface as the aspect in which a collaborative authorial signature articulates the private experiences of displacement.
The State of Marriage in the Arab Gulf States: The UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait
Authors: Al Khalifa Abdullah bin Hussein , Al Saleh Amer , Al Kubaisi Fatima
Published: November 2024

The main objective of this chapter is to monitor, describe, and analyze the state of marriage in the Arab Gulf states (UAE, Bahrain, Saudi Arabia, Oman, Qatar, and Kuwait). The chapter focuses on providing an integrated description of the institution of marriage, while taking into account the past and current conditions of the images and types in which marriage appeared in said countries.
Evidence on the effectiveness and equity of population-based policies to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes: a narrative review
Authors: Mackenbach Joreintje D. , Stuber Josine M. , Beulens Joline W. J.
Published: December 2024

There is increasing evidence for the effectiveness of population-based policies to reduce the burden of type 2 diabetes. Yet, there are concerns about the equity effects of some policies, whereby socioeconomically disadvantaged populations are not reached or are adversely affected. There is a lack of knowledge on the effectiveness and equity of policies that are both population based (i.e. targeting both at-risk and low-risk populations) and low agency (i.e. not requiring personal resources to benefit from the policy). In this narrative review, we selected 16 policies that were both population based and low agency and reviewed the evidence on their effectiveness and equity. Substantial evidence suggests that fruit and vegetable subsidies, unhealthy food taxes, mass media campaigns, and school nutrition and physical activity education are effective in promoting healthier lifestyle behaviours. Less evidence was available for mandatory food reformulation, reduced portion sizes, marketing restrictions and restriction of availability and promotion of unhealthy products, although the available evidence suggested that these policies were effective in reducing unhealthy food choices. Effects could rarely be quantified across different studies due to substantial heterogeneity. There is an overall lack of evidence on equity effects of population-based policies, although available studies mostly concluded that the policies had favourable equity effects, with the exception of food-labelling policies. Each of the policies is likely to have a relatively modest effect on population-level diabetes risks, which emphasises the importance of combining different policy measures. Future research should consider the type of evidence needed to demonstrate the real-world effectiveness and equity of population-based diabetes prevention policies.

Graphical Abstract
Genetic and biometric patterns of rangewide divergence of iconic, Neogene relic broadleaved shrub species Staphylea pinnata L.– post-glacial expansion and human impact
Authors: Piechnik Łukasz , Łabiszak Bartosz , Cieślak Elżbieta , Szczepański Sebastian , Kurek Przemysław , Novikov Andriy , Rosati Leonardo , Dönmez Ali A. , Dering Monika , Wójcik Tomasz , Wiatrowska Blanka , Żywiec Magdalena , Wachowiak Witold
Published: November 2024

Integrative phylogeographic studies supported by morphometric analysis and genetic data provide significant insights into the postglacial recolonization history and other factors shaping current distributions of plant species, including major forest-forming trees in Europe. However, genomic resources and phylogeographic knowledge of shrub species remain limited. Staphylea pinnata L. (European bladdernut) is a shrub native to thermophilous broadleaf forests and is the only representative of the Staphyleaceae in Central Europe. Given its historical associations with human and religious beliefs dating back to pre-Christian cultures, the current distribution of this iconic, Neogene relic species has been hypothesized to be influenced by human-assisted migration. This study aims to address this hypothesis by uncovering the genetic and morphometric relationships among S. pinnata populations across its wide distribution range in Europe, Caucasus and the Anatolian Peninsula, linking these findings with existing archaeobotanical and ethnobotanical data. We sampled 87 populations (979 individuals), genotyped them with the applications of newly developed genetic markers, and conducted morphological leafs’ measurements to estimate the postglacial expansion and human impact on the current distribution of S. pinnata. Both genetic and morphometric results indicate primarily natural post-glacial recolonization from two Pleistocene glacial refugia in the Apennines and Balkans. Additionally, we identified “suture zones” of increased genetic diversity in middle latitudes, resulting from secondary contact due to postglacial recolonization from different sources. Significant human contributions were observed towards the northernmost edge of the species’ range, including regions such as Eastern France, Lower Silesia in Poland, and Northern Podolia in Ukraine.
Chyloperitoneum in a toddler on peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Bell Veronica Lavelle , Schlotman Alyssa A. , Benedetti Daniel J. , Hunley Tracy E.
Published: December 2024

Chyloperitoneum is an uncommon diagnosis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. While admitted for emesis and feeding intolerance, a 16-month-old male on PD developed milky-colored dialysate with increased triglycerides, indicating chyloperitoneum. In adult PD patients, chyloperitoneum can indicate potentially life-threatening pathologies including malignancies and liver or heart disease. By contrast, pediatric patients on PD with chyloperitoneum had recently undergone PD catheter or gastrostomy tube placement with presumed disruption of abdominal lymphatics. Slowing lymph flow through dietary manipulation and rarely, temporary withholding of PD, resolved chyloperitoneum. We report a toddler on PD with chyloperitoneum in whom abdominal investigation showed multifocal hepatoblastoma. Chemotherapy and a medium chain triglycerides (MCTs)-based diet led to prompt resolution of chyloperitoneum. Intrabdominal malignancy in this patient illustrates the importance of a prompt, thorough evaluation of chyloperitoneum to allow definitive therapy if required.