bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Direct weakening of tropical circulations from masked CO
2
radiative forcing
Authors: Merlis Timothy M.
Published: October 2015

Significance

The response of the atmospheric circulation to anthropogenic carbon dioxide changes has consequences for socially important aspects of climate, including rainfall and hurricane development. A substantial body of literature relates circulation weakening to temperature changes; however, it has been recently discovered that there is also a direct weakening of tropical overturning circulations from increased carbon dioxide concentration, which are independent of temperature changes. However, the cause of this direct slowing of the circulation has not been revealed. Here, I introduce a physical mechanism for the direct circulation weakening that accounts for its ubiquity across climate simulations. The previously unidentified mechanism is demonstrated across a hierarchy of atmospheric simulations including those used in the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change.
Sensorimotor influences on speech perception in infancy
Authors: Bruderer Alison G. , Danielson D. Kyle , Kandhadai Padmapriya , Werker Janet F.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Theories of language acquisition have typically assumed infants’ early perceptual capabilities influence the development of speech production. Here we show that the sensorimotor (production) system can also influence speech perception: Before infants are able to speak, their articulatory configurations affect the way they perceive speech, suggesting that the speech production system shapes speech perception from early in life. These findings implicate oral–motor movements as more significant to speech perception development and language acquisition than current theories would assume and point to the need for more research on the impact that restricted oral–motor movements may have on the development of speech and language, both in clinical populations and in typically developing infants.
DNA capture reveals transoceanic gene flow in endangered river sharks
Authors: Li Chenhong , Corrigan Shannon , Yang Lei , Straube Nicolas , Harris Mark , Hofreiter Michael , White William T. , Naylor Gavin J. P.
Published: October 2015

Significance

The river sharks of the genus
Glyphis
, widely feared as man-eaters throughout India, remain very poorly known to science. The group constitutes five described species, all of which are considered highly endangered and restricted to freshwater systems in Australasia and Southeast Asia. DNA sequence data derived from 19th-century dried museum material augmented with contemporary samples indicates that only three of the five currently described species are valid; that there is a genetically distinct, but as-yet-undescribed, species recorded in Bangladesh and Sarawak in Malaysian Borneo; and that these iconic and mysterious sharks are not restricted to freshwater at all but rather appear to be adapted to both marine and freshwater habitats.
Carbon choices determine US cities committed to futures below sea level
Authors: Strauss Benjamin H. , Kulp Scott , Levermann Anders
Published: October 2015

Significance

As greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise, the window to limit global warming below 2 °C appears to be closing. Associated projections for sea-level rise generally range near or below 1 m by 2100. However, paleontological and modeling evidence indicates long-term sea-level sensitivity to warming that is roughly an order of magnitude higher. Here we develop relationships between cumulative carbon emissions and long-term sea-level commitment and explore implications for the future of coastal developments in the United States. The results offer a new way to compare different emissions scenarios or policies and suggest that the long-term viability of hundreds of coastal municipalities and land currently inhabited by tens of millions of persons hang in the balance.
Determinants of spontaneous mutation in the bacteriumEscherichia colias revealed by whole-genome sequencing
Authors: Foster Patricia L. , Lee Heewook , Popodi Ellen , Townes Jesse P. , Tang Haixu
Published: October 2015

Significance

Because genetic variation underlies evolution, a complete understanding of evolutionary processes requires identifying and characterizing the forces determining the stability of the genome. Using mutation accumulation and whole-genome sequencing, we found that spontaneous mutation rates in three widely divergedEscherichia colistrains are nearly identical. To determine the importance of DNA damage in driving mutation rates, we investigated 11 strains, each defective for a major DNA repair pathway. The striking result was that only loss of the ability to repair or prevent oxidative DNA damage significantly impacted mutation rates and spectra. These results suggest that, with the exception of those that defend against oxidative damage, DNA repair pathways may exist primarily to defend against DNA damage induced by exogenous agents.
A basal stem cell signature identifies aggressive prostate cancer phenotypes
Authors: Smith Bryan A. , Sokolov Artem , Uzunangelov Vladislav , Baertsch Robert , Newton Yulia , Graim Kiley , Mathis Colleen , Cheng Donghui , Stuart Joshua M. , Witte Owen N.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Aggressive cancers often possess functional and molecular traits characteristic of normal stem cells. It is unclear if aggressive phenotypes of prostate cancer molecularly resemble normal stem cells residing within the human prostate. Here, we transcriptionally profiled epithelial populations from the human prostate and show that aggressive prostate cancer is enriched for a prostate basal stem cell signature. Within prostate cancer metastases, histological subtypes had varying enrichment of the stem cell signature, with small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma being the most stem cell-like. We further found that small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and the prostate basal stem cell share a common transcriptional program. Targeting normal stem cell transcriptional programs may provide a new strategy for treating advanced prostate cancer.
Regulation of AMPA receptor subunit GluA1 surface expression by PAK3 phosphorylation
Authors: Hussain Natasha K. , Thomas Gareth M. , Luo Junjie , Huganir Richard L.
Published: October 2015

Significance

Precise choreography of AMPA-type glutamate receptor (AMPAR) movements within neurons is critical for brain function; aberrant AMPAR trafficking is associated with impaired synaptic plasticity and cognitive deficits. We identified a previously unidentified phosphorylation site in AMPAR subunit GluA1 (serine 863) that regulates neuronal trafficking of GluA1. We define a specific signal transduction pathway that controls GluA1-S863 phosphorylation, mediated by EphB2, Zizimin1, Cdc42, and p21-activated kinase-3 (PAK3). These signaling proteins are associated with modulation of neuronal morphology and AMPAR recruitment to dendritic spines. EphB2 and PAK3 are implicated in cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s and X-linked intellectual disability. Collectively, the GluA1-S863 phosphorylation signal cascade delineates a novel pathway regulating AMPAR trafficking that may be important in the modulation of learning and memory.
La tirannia della tastiera
Authors: Miola Emanuele
Published: October 2015

St’articol-sì a discut, al fin ëd na pì bona pianificassion, le doi ortografie che a esisto ancheuj për scrive ël piemonteis: la Pacòt-Viglongh e la Villata-Eandi. Le doe grafie a son giudicà scond soa validità për jë specialista ëd lenghistica, scond l’imagine identitaria e sòcio-lenghistica che a rapresento për ël piemonteis, e scond quant che a son belfé o malfé da dovré ansima al web e con ij neuv mojen dla comunicassion medià da la Rej. St’ultim parameter a sarà andicà coma ël pì cogent e ël pì amportant për ij travaj ëd progetassion e revision dl’ortografia dël piemonteis e dj’autre lenghe regionaj e minoritarie dl’Italia. Dòp d’avej armarcà, conforma a l’opinion ëd vaire autri autor, che ël model ëd pianificassion còrsa a l’é col che as peul dovré mej con ël piemonteis, as propon, come ortografia da serne për mostrela ant le scòle e për l’usage ansima a l’internet, ai giornaj, ai liber evf., na version un pò cangià dla Pacòt-Viglongh, visadì la grafia ch’a l’é staita dovrà për scrive ës sunt-sì.
Loving but not living the vernacular
Authors: Mirhosseini Seyyed-Abdolhamid
Published: October 2015

Traditional top-down conceptions of language policy and planning have been questioned by recent perspectives that advocate more localized accounts of language policy concerns in real-life social contexts. Schiffman’s (1996) conception oflinguistic cultureis one of these bottom-up approaches, which focuses on covert language policies. This study investigates some aspects of such covert orientations of speakers of the Mazandarani language towards their local vernacular in the bilingual Mazandarani–Farsi context of northern Iran. It specifically attempts to explore the current linguistic culture atmosphere in terms of assumptions, prejudices, attitudes, and stereotypes with regard to Mazandarani. These aspects of public belief are particularly investigated as referring to language use in ‘social situations’, ‘professional contexts’, ‘education’, and ‘media’. A group of 106 participants responded to a questionnaire that was aimed at eliciting their views on these linguistic culture domains as well as their ‘attitude’ towards Mazandarani. The study indicates that although the participants show very positive emotional attitudes towards their local language, their actual linguistic culture appears to be strongly in favor of the official national language, i.e. Farsi. Some concerns are raised as to the implications of such aloving-but-not-livinglinguistic culture for a more realistic understanding of language policy and planning.
The application of C.K. Ogden’s semiotics in Basic English
Authors: McElvenny James
Published: October 2015

Although a relatively minor project in terms of its impact on the broader international language movement, Basic English is interesting for the elaborate semiotic theory that underlies it. The creator of Basic English, Charles Kay Ogden (1889–1957), is today remembered chiefly as co-author ofThe Meaning of Meaning, a book widely regarded as a classic of early twentieth-century semiotics. In this article, I will engage in a critical examination of the design of Basic English and demonstrate how it essentially represents an implementation of the key doctrines set out in that book, tempered by the practical exigencies of language construction. I will focus on Ogden’s method of ‘panoptic conjugation’, which he used to select the Basic English core vocabulary of 850 words, as well as his conception of the grammar of Basic English as an outgrowth of its vocabulary. We observe additionally how Ogden’s approach does not result in a self-contained, independent international language, but rather a language that is subservient to Standard English idiom.
Arab Sitcom Animations as Platforms for Satire
Authors: Sayfo Omar Adam
Published: October 2015

Sitcom animations have since long been a powerful medium of social and
political criticism in the Western world. Series such as The Simpsons and South
Park gained huge popularity among children and adults alike, and inspired
many adaptations around the globe. However, it took a long time for this
popular format to reach the Arab world, a culturally conservative geocultural
region often characterised by strict political censorship. Since the early 2000s,
producers from a number of Arab countries decided to create their own local
sitcom animations. Now Dubai, Egypt, Iraq, Kuwait, Oman and Saudi Arabia
all have their own ‘national’ animations characterised by hyper-reflexivity
and intertextuality with local popular culture, containing up-to-date satirical
reflections on public life and even political affairs.
Enlightenment Subverted
Authors: Nieuwenhuis Ivo
Published: October 2015

This article argues that the common satirical technique of parody does not
only mock the formal qualities of genres and media, but also functions as a
tool for social criticism. This view is illustrated by means of a Dutch satirical
case from the late eighteenth century, the almanac-like periodical De Lantaarn
(1792–1801) by Pieter van Woensel. It is shown that De Lantaarn’s parody of the
almanac, a genre that had strong educational and ‘Enlightening’ connotations
at the time, can be interpreted as a critique on contemporary (ab)uses of the
Enlightenment discourse. This ‘social criticism through parody’ is what makes
satires like De Lantaarn subversive.
The Language of Mysticism and the Language of Law in Early Modern Spain*
Authors: Shuger Dale
Published: October 2015

After the Reformation, Catholics developed new ways to express interior religious experiences, including mystic visions. This article considers the epistemological impasse that arose when the Spanish Inquisition, created to prosecute covert Judaizers, was charged with discernment of mystical experiences. Close linguistic study of interrogations shows how a nondialogue between mystical and legal discourse pointed to a broader conflict between a newly interiorized religion and the public space of the law. Practically, these cases weakened the Inquisition; conceptually, they undermined the idea of an Inquisition. If Enlightenment reformers were able to argue for a secularization of the law, it was because a group of mystics and Inquisitors had made such thought possible.
The fact of uncertainty, the uncertainty of facts and the cultural resonance of doubt
Authors: Oreskes Naomi
Published: October 2015

Sixty years after industry executives first decided to fight the facts of tobacco, the exploitation of doubt and uncertainty as a defensive tactic has spread to a diverse set of industries and issues with an interest in challenging scientific evidence. However, one can find examples of doubt-mongering before tobacco. One involves the early history of electricity generation in the USA. In the 1920s, the American National Electric Light Association ran a major propaganda campaign against public sector electricity generation, focused on the insistence that privately generated electricity was cheaper and that public power generation was socialistic and therefore un-American. This campaign included advertisements, editorials (generally ghost-written), the rewriting of textbooks and the development of high school and college curricula designed to cast doubt on the cost-effectiveness of public electricity generation and extol the virtues oflaissez-fairecapitalism. It worked in large part by finding, cultivating and paying experts to endorse the industry’s claims in the mass media and the public debate, and to legitimatize the alterations to textbooks and curricula. The similarities between the electric industry strategy and the defence of tobacco, lead paint and fossil fuels suggests that these strategies work for reasons that are not specific to the particular technical claims under consideration. This paper argues that a reason for the cultural persistence of doubt is what we may label the ‘fact of uncertainty’. Uncertainty is intrinsic to science, and this creates vulnerabilities that interested parties may, and commonly do, exploit, both by attempting to challenge the specific conclusions of technical experts and by implying that those conclusions threaten other social values.
Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 ORF35 is required for efficient lytic replication and latency
Authors: Hikita Shin-ichi , Yanagi Yusuke , Ohno Shinji
Published: October 2015

Murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV) 68, a natural pathogen of field mice, is related to human gammaherpesviruses, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV; human herpesvirus 4) and Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV; human herpesvirus 8). The ORF35 of MHV-68 and its homologues of EBV and KSHV are located in the gene cluster composed of ORF34–ORF38 in which each gene overlaps with adjacent genes. Although MHV-68 ORF35 was reported to be an essential gene, its function during infection is presently unknown. In this study, we show, by analysing ORF35-transfected cells, that three serine residues in the C terminus are responsible for the phosphorylation and that the ORF35 protein forms homo-oligomers via a predicted coiled-coil motif. The ORF35 protein expressed by transfection was preferentially located in the cytoplasm of cells uninfected or infected with MHV-68. The recombinant virus lacking ORF35 (35S virus) exhibited genome replication and expression of lytic proteins comparable to those of the WT virus, but reduced levels of virus production, suggesting that the ORF35 protein acts at the virion assembly and/or egress step. Lytic replication in the lung after intranasal infection and the frequency ofex vivoreactivation from latency after intraperitoneal infection were lower in 35S virus-infected mice than in mice infected with the WT or marker-reverted virus. Our results indicate that ORF35 is not essential for MHV-68 lytic replication, but plays an important role in efficient viral replication and reactivation from latency.
Losses and expenditures caused by extreme events in Poland
Authors: Siwiec Ewelina
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present problems related to the assessment of losses and expenditures caused by weather and climate-related events in Poland.

Design/methodology/approach

– The data were collected by the direct questionnaire method from selected national and regional/local administration units.

Findings

– The direct losses in 2001-2011 were estimated at more than PLN56 billion. The greatest losses were estimated in agriculture and infrastructure. The total amount of losses were estimated at PLN90 billion. In 2001-2011, more than PLN45 billion was spent in Poland on recovery and prevention of the impacts of extreme events, with a large part of it consisting of damages and benefits paid out by insurance companies.

Research limitations/implications

– Given the limitations related to the method for collecting information, the results may be underestimated. It is well-advised to consider information on such a type of uncertainty in the course of the future research.

Practical implications

– The results are of large importance for the building of public awareness and the making of political and investment-related decisions.

Originality/value

– The estimates given in the paper are the first presentation of losses and expenditures caused by all the extreme events in the Polish territory which has been prepared on the basis of so many official information sources. The determination of “bottlenecks” related to the existing method for collecting information is a first step toward its improvement.
Survivors perceptions of stakeholders and the 2009 South Pacific tsunami
Authors: Apatu Emma , Gregg Chris , Lindell Michael K. , Hillhouse Joel , Wang Liang
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– Near-field tsunamis provide short warning periods of equal to 30 minutes, which can complicate at-risk individuals’ protective action decisions. In the face of a tsunami, people may turn to individuals such as friends, family, neighbors, or organizations such as the media to obtain warning information to help facilitate evacuation and/or to seek protection from the hazard. To characterize norms for protection action behavior during a near-field tsunami, the purpose of this paper is to explore American Samoan residents’ perceptions of four social stakeholder groups on three characteristics – tsunami knowledge, trustworthiness, and protection responsibility – regarding the September 29, 2009, Mw 8.1 earthquake and tsunami in American Samoa.

Design/methodology/approach

– The social stakeholder groups were the respondents themselves, their peers, officials, and media. Mean ratings revealed that respondents rated themselves highest for tsunami knowledge and protection against the tsunami but rated peers highest for trustworthiness. In addition, officials had the lowest mean rankings for all three stakeholder characteristics. MANOVA analyses found that there was a statistically significant overall effect for occupation status on respondents’ perceptions of the four stakeholder groups and characteristics.

Findings

– Employed respondents generally reported higher mean ratings for all stakeholder groups across the three characteristics than those that reported not having an occupation. Given the complexity of evacuation behavior, at-risk individuals may seek the assistance of other community members to support their protective action decisions.

Originality/value

– The information gathered from this study provides local emergency managers with useful data that could support future disaster resilience efforts for tsunamis.
Constructing a typology of culture in organizational behavior
Authors: Yahyagil Mehmet Yusuf
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to propose a typology of culture and to present a hybrid model to be used as the base in organizational behavior and cross-cultural management research.

Design/methodology/approach

– This study provides a conceptual analysis and general review of the literature to clarify and to classify the usage of culture models and cultural orientations to reduce confusion concerning cultural studies.

Findings

– The first part of the proposed typology covers only the concept of organizational culture which has been examined around qualitative and cognitive approaches. While the second part is related to the use of socio-cultural dimensions, the third part of the proposed typology covers universal cultural orientations (patterns) framework only. The outcome of this study is the presentation of a hybrid model which provides a comprehensive methodological framework for conducting culture research.

Practical implications

– The typology of culture developed in this study would be of help for researchers designing their studies on the subject of culture, socio-cultural dimensions and cultural patternings from more appropriate theoretical perspectives and methods.

Originality/value

– The theoretical framework in this study provides insight in selecting more suitable culture models to examine the subject in managerial organizational studies.
Bridging the transactional and relational view on management-stakeholder cooperation
Authors: Vos Janita , Achterkamp Marjolein C.
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to present a 2 × 2-perspective of management–stakeholder cooperation in organizational issues. The model encompasses the perspectives of both management and stakeholder and bridges the two dominant views in stakeholder thinking, namely, the transactional and the relational view.

Design/methodology/approach

– From a state-of-the-art elaboration of the stakeholder literature, this paper combines two separate perspectives on management–stakeholder cooperation.

Findings

– The bilateral perspective stresses that the ease of this collaboration not only depends on the willingness of management to pursue cooperation, but also on that of the stakeholder. The double-motive perspective signifies that both parties can be dominantly motivated by either individual, issue-based reasons (transactional motives) or by the desire to establish lasting relationships (relational motives).

Originality/value

– This paper presents a more elaborate picture of management–stakeholder cooperation by combining the transactional concept of stakeholder salience with the concepts “stakeholder reputation” and “management reputation” associated with the relational dimension.
Mobile application for the timeshare industry
Authors: Rivera Manuel , Gregory Amy , Cobos Liza
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this study is to examine consumer perceptions toward the adoption of mobile technology within the vacation ownership/timeshare segment of the hospitality industry. Despite the proliferation of mobile applications in the greater hospitality and tourism industry, few timeshare companies use this technology. However, customers have expressed strong intentions to use technology. Therefore, this study examines consumers’ attitudes toward and experiences with mobile applications and then through the use of a prototype, examines consumers’ intentions to use a mobile application. The relationships between attitude, experience and usefulness are explored in relation to intention to use.

Design/methodology/approach

– Consumers that owned timeshares in the Orlando area responded to an online survey invitation from their resort management company. The survey instrument gathered data related to consumers’ attitudes toward and experiences with technology using established measures. A total of 914 surveys were collected and the proposed model was analyzed using path analysis.

Findings

– Findings indicate that traditional technology adoption antecedents (experience, usefulness and attitude) explain timeshare owners’ intentions to use a mobile application. This is consistent with prior research. However, using established measures, the model explained consumers’ intentions to use the technology with greater certainty than what previous research has reported.

Research limitations/implications

– The most encouraging and noteworthy implications from the findings are threefold. First, timeshare owners are using mobile technology while traveling (mobile phones, tablets and laptops). The owners’ experiences with mobile devices exert a positive influence that moderates intention to use. In addition, the impact of technology experience on intent to use is mediated by perceived usefulness and attitudes toward the application. Though the sample size was large, limitations do exist, as those surveyed were all owners of a single timeshare resort based in Orlando, Florida.

Originality/value

– In studies reported to date, there is scarce empirical research regarding mobile application adoption for timeshare owners or information about the factors that drive usage, attitude and adoption. This study discusses important insights about mobile services for an industry that lacks research in information technology.
“Animals like us”: revisiting organizational ethnography and research
Authors: Wels Harry
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– Now that the human-animal distinction is increasingly critiqued from various disciplinary perspectives, to the point where some suggest even letting go of the distinction completely, the purpose of this paper is to argue that organizational ethnography should start to explore in more detail what this means for organizational ethnographic research, theory and analysis to include non-human animals in it.

Design/methodology/approach

– Revisiting the author’s earlier organizational ethnographic work in Zimbabwe on a private wildlife conservancy, an organization that was specifically set up for and around wildlife. At the same time these non-human animals were not taken into account methodologically nor featured at all in the empirical material or in the analysis. What could it mean for the analysis and conclusions if non-human animals would have been part of the equation?

Findings

– Since we live in a world shared between human and non-human animals, this also is true for the organizational lives. As scientific research increasingly shows that the distinction between human and non-human animals is more in degree than in kind it is interesting to note that nevertheless non-human animals usually produce deafening “silences” in organizational ethnographic work. Revisiting the author’s earlier organizational ethnographic work in this context the author shows how taking non-human animals on board of the analysis radically alters the outcomes of the research.

Research limitations/implications

– This paper reports on revisiting the author’s earlier ethnographic research, without actually doing the research itself again. In that sense it is a hypothetical study.

Practical implications

– Organizational ethnography might have to rethink what it would mean in terms of fieldwork methodologies if it would allow non-human animals as actual agentic stakeholders in the research and analysis. It would at least need to also think in terms of “research methodologies without words” as non-human animals cannot be interviewed.

Social implications

– The paper is based on a social justice perspective on human-animal relations. It tries to contribute to an intellectual argument to take non-human animals more seriously as “co-citizens” in the (organizational) life world. This may have wide ranging implications for the life styles, ranging from the types of food we eat, to liquids we drink, to the ways we think about the human superiority in this world.

Originality/value

– A highly self-reflexive account of the author’s earlier organizational ethnographic work, showing what it means theoretically if we take non-human animals seriously in organizational ethnographic research and analysis. At the same time it shows quite painfully organizational ethnography’s speciecist approach to research methodologies and processes of organizing.
Organisational learning and intrapreneurship: evidence of interrelated concepts
Authors: Haase Heiko , Franco Mário , Félix Marta
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to explore in-depth the interface between organisational learning and intrapreneurship. In this way, the paper aims at understanding how these two concepts are interrelated and mutually dependent.

Design/methodology/approach

– The method employed is qualitative analysis, including multiple exploratory case studies. For data collection, interviews with staff members of the selected companies and analysis of documents were used. Content analysis served as the data processing technique.

Findings

– The research identifies four dimensions of organisational learning and intrapreneurship in which both concepts are interlinked. Within each of these levels, the most beneficial attitudes and behaviours are highlighted.

Practical implications

– This study helps to better understand the dyadic effects between organisational learning and intrapreneurship. Through the dimensions and drivers identified, mechanisms can be developed and implemented leading firms to improve their performance through their employees’ learning and intrapreneurial capacities.

Originality/value

– The contribution of this paper is to provide an in-depth view of the interdependence between organisational learning and intrapreneurship. The findings allow development of a new conceptualisation of these concepts and the underlying drivers.
The effects of authentic leadership on turnover intention
Authors: Azanza Garazi , Moriano Juan A. , Molero Fernando , Lévy Mangin Jean-Pierre
Published: October 2015

Purpose

– The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between employees’ perception of authentic leadership and their turnover intention as mediated by employees’ work-group identification (WID) and work engagement.

Design/methodology/approach

– Structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data from 623 Spanish employees.

Findings

– Results show that authentic leadership has a negative effect on turnover intention and positive effects on work engagement and WID. The direct relationship between authentic leadership and turnover intention was found to be partially mediated by employees’ work engagement.

Practical implications

– One of the strongest implications that may be drawn from this study is that authentic leaders can influence employees’ turnover intentions by positively enhancing their engagement. Thus, the study highlights authentic leadership as a key element for retaining valuable employees through the promotion of employees’ work engagement.

Originality/value

– To the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to analyze the association between authentic leadership and turnover intention and the meditational effect of work engagement and WID.
Multiple palisaded encapsulated neuromas in siblings: A case report and review of the published work
Authors: Liu Guo‐Yan , Song Hao , Xu Xiu‐Lian
Published: October 2015

Palisaded encapsulated neuroma (PEN) is an uncommon, typically solitary, cutaneous neural neoplasm. Multiple mucocutaneous neuromas are usually seen in multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) 2b syndrome. Multiple cutaneous PEN in adult patients with or without features of MEN 2b are extremely rare, with only a few cases described. We report a case of multiple PEN in siblings of the same family with no apparent systemic abnormalities, and review the relevant published work to explore its clinical and pathogenic features and the relationship between multiple PEN and MEN 2b type neuroma (multiple mucocutaneous neuromas seen in MEN 2b syndrome).
Diagnostic value of multiple café‐au‐lait macules for neurofibromatosis 1 in Chinese children
Authors: Yao Ruen , Wang Lili , Yu Yongguo , Wang Jian , Shen Yiping
Published: October 2015

Neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the NF1 gene. The appearance of multiple café‐au‐lait macules is an early sign of the condition, which often alert physicians to follow up and further examine the patient for the possibility of NF1. In order to determine the predictive value of multiple café‐au‐lait macules at early age for NF1 in Chinese patients, we recruited 19 children who shared the common sign of multiple café‐au‐lait macules from a general pediatric clinic in Shanghai. All the patients were clinically evaluated following the National Institutes of Health criteria for NF1 and molecular tested for sequence variants and copy number changes. Nine children met the clinical diagnostic criteria of NF1, and molecular tests confirmed all nine patients with pathogenic variants including two genomic deletions, two novel frame‐shift variants, four novel nonsense and a splicing variants. In addition, four children who did not meet the diagnostic criteria were also found to carry pathogenic NF1 variants. Overall, 68.4% (13/19) of children with café‐au‐lait macules and various other clinical presentations were molecularly confirmed with NF1. This study demonstrated that the majority of Chinese children with multiple café‐au‐lait macules who came to seek for medical attention had NF1. Molecular testing is necessary to be used as an adjunct and sometimes as the main tool for confirming and diagnosing children of NF1 at early age.
Dermoscopic features of small size pigmented basal cell carcinomas
Authors: Takahashi Asuka , Hara Hiroyuki , Aikawa Miwa , Ochiai Toyoko
Published: October 2015

Dermoscopic images of histologically proven pigmented basal cell carcinomas (BCC) were retrospectively assessed to compare the dermoscopic features of BCC of 3 mm or less in diameter (n = 6) with BCC of 4–6 mm in diameter (n = 11). All lesions lacked the presence of a pigment network. BCC with a diameter of 3 mm or less had fewer positive dermoscopic features compared with the 4–6 mm in diameter BCC. Multiple blue‐gray globules and large blue‐gray ovoid nests were frequently present. Dermoscopy is a useful tool for early diagnosis of pigmented BCC, even when they are small.
Understanding Intergovernmental Relations: Key Features and Trends (理解政府间关系：关键特性和趋势)
Authors: Phillimore (科廷大学) John
Published: October 2015

This article discusses several features of intergovernmental relations (IGR), paying particular attention to IGR in federations. A number of recent trends and challenges are identified, and implications are drawn for the analysis of IGR. The article shows how IGR has traditionally been dominated by informal processes and power relationships, but that formalisation and institutionalisation have increased and can provide greater certainty and protection for sub‐national governments in dealing with central government.
Fiscal Decentralization in China Revisited (中国财政分权政策再探)
Authors: Niu (中国，中山大学) Meili
Published: October 2015

Inter‐governmental fiscal relations are crucial to understanding government behavior and policy instruments. Chinese style fiscal federalism with the absence of division of political power is regarded as central to understanding China's economic growth and governance. However, there is much debate about how exactly to measure China's fiscal decentralization. This paper develops a comprehensive framework to measure the level of Chinese fiscal decentralization across the tiers of government in the past two decades. This study finds that China is decentralized at both provincial and sub‐provincial levels as a whole (the local level), but not at the xianqu level (the lowest levels of counties/districts and townships). There has been a slight decrease in fiscal independence at the provincial level, but it has been increasing at both local and xianqu levels, contributing to more accountable sub‐national governments. However, the author argues for a stronger monitoring and evaluating capacity at the central level in order to build a performance‐based fiscal decentralization system. A more transparent and rule‐based fiscal transfer system should also be established to reduce regional disparity in China.
Pursuing Revenue Autonomy or Playing Politics? Fiscal Behaviour of Local Governments in Taiwan (台湾地方政府的财政行为)
Authors: Kuo (国立台湾大学) Nai‐Ling , So (国立政治大学) Bennis Wai Yip
Published: October 2015

This paper critically accounts for why fiscal decentralization does not necessarily enhance revenue autonomy in the experience of Taiwan, as local governments do not pursue it. This experience is especially relevant to unitary countries that are undergoing both democratization and fiscal decentralization. This paper shows that, with inter‐jurisdictional competition, democratically elected local governments are inclined to pursue tax harmonization and have little incentive to maximize taxing powers even though doing so increases own‐source revenues. The local governments in Taiwan take a ‘mini‐max’ fiscal strategy, which involves minimizing changes to own‐source revenues while maximizing local expenditures. To finance increasing expenditures as a response to the demands of constituencies, local governments tend to press the central government to increase local government's tax bases, and to try to gain a greater share of intergovernmental transfers by having their administrative status upgraded. In summary, revenue autonomy is not being pursued by local governments because of political considerations. In a decentralized fiscal system, local governments can be fiscally accountable, but still irresponsible.
Pierre Bourdieu and Jacques Rancière on art/aesthetics and politics: the origins of disagreement, 1963–1985
Authors: Robbins Derek
Published: October 2015

Rancière published two substantial criticisms of the work of Bourdieu in the early 1980s. It is possible that these were provoked by his sense that he needed to oppose what he considered to be the sociological reduction of aesthetic taste offered by Bourdieu in Distinction (Bourdieu 1986 [1979]) at precisely the moment when he (Rancière) was beginning to articulate his commitment to the potential of aesthetic expression as a mode of political resistance. Except in so far as it draws upon some of the retrospective reflections offered by Rancière in his introductions to the re‐issues of his early texts, this paper examines the parallel development of the thinking of the two men up to the mid‐1980s – but not beyond. The discussion is situated socio‐historically and, by definition, does not seek to offer comparatively any transhistorical assessment of the values of the positions adopted by the two men. I argue that Rancière misrepresented the character of Bourdieu's sociological work by failing to recognize the underlying phenomenological orientation of his thinking. Bourdieu suppressed this orientation in the 1960s but, after the May events of 1968, it enabled him to expose the extent to which the practices of both science and art operate within constructed ‘fields’ in strategic distinction from popular primary experience. The challenge is to introduce an ongoing dialogue between primary and constructed cultures rather than to suppose that either social science or art possesses intrinsic autonomy.
Notes towards a ‘social aesthetic’: Guest editors' introduction to the special section
Authors: Olcese Cristiana , Savage Mike
Published: October 2015

There is an emerging ‘aesthetic turn’ within sociology which currently lacks clear focus. This paper reviews the different issues feeding into this interest and contributes to its development. Previous renderings of this relationship have set the aesthetic up against sociology, as an emphasis which ‘troubles’ conventional understandings of sociality and offers no ready way of reconciling the aesthetic with the social. Reflecting on the contributions of recent social theorists, from figures including Bourdieu, Born, Rancière, Deleuze, and Martin, we argue instead for the value of a social aesthetic which critiques instrumentalist and reductive understandings of the social itself. In explicating what form this might take, the latter parts of the paper take issue with classical modernist conceptions of the aesthetic which continue to dominate popular and sociological understandings of the aesthetic, and uses the motif of ‘walking’ to show how the aesthetic can be rendered in terms of ‘the mundane search’ and how this search spans everyday experience and cultural re‐production. We offer a provisional definition of social aesthetics as the embedded and embodied process of meaning making which, by acknowledging the physical/corporeal boundaries and qualities of the inhabited world, also allows imagination to travel across other spaces and times. It is hoped that this approach can be a useful platform for further inquiry.
Converting a Freudian analysis into a Jungian one: obsession, addiction, and an answer from Job
Authors: Kradin Richard
Published: October 2015

In his analyses of obsessional patients, Sigmund Freud suggested that they suffered from intrusive cognitions and compulsive activities. Early psychoanalysts delineated the phenomenology of obsessionality, but did not differentiate what is currently termed obsessive‐compulsive disorder from obsessional personality. However, it was widely recognized that the success of psychoanalysis with obsessional patients was limited due to rigid characterological defences and transference resistances. The present paper examines the case of a middle‐aged obsessional academic who had been treated for nearly twenty years in a ‘classical' Freudian psychoanalysis prior to entering Jungian analysis. It examines how persistent focus on Oedipal conflicts undesirably reinforced the transference resistance in this obsessional man, and suggests that focusing instead on diminishing the harshness of the super‐ego via the therapeutic alliance, and fostering faith in the salutary aspects of unconscious processing has led to salutary results in this case. The biblical book of Job is adopted as ancient instruction in how to address the scrupulosity and addictive mental structuring of obsessionality in analysis.
Learning from the patient: The East, synchronicity and transference in the history of an unknown case of C.G. Jung
Authors: de Moura Vicente
Published: October 2015

This article presents the history of one until now unknown case of C.G. Jung: Maggy Reichstein. Born in Indonesia in 1894 in a very aristocratic family, she brought her sister to Zurich to be treated by Jung in 1919, and later she herself was in analysis with him. Jung used her case as example in his lecture in 1937 on the realities of practical psychotherapy, relating it to the process of transference and countertransference. Jung deepened his studies in Eastern psychology after a series of dreams she had, which culminated in the Yoga Kundalini Seminars. She was also the case presented in his article of 1951 on the concept of synchronicity. Jung wrote that her case, concerning synchronicity, remained unique in his experience. Jung also published some of her mandalas. He considered her able to understand his ideas in depth. Reichstein was for Jung an important case, which challenged and triggered his interests in different subjects.
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy and Blood Pressure Control in Automated and Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Ataş Nuh , Erten Yasemin , Okyay Gülay Ulusal , İnal Salih , Topal Salih , Öneç Kürşad , Akyel Ahmet , Çelik Bülent , Tavil Yusuf , Bali Musa , Arınsoy Turgay
Published: October 2015

Hypertension, non‐dipper blood pressure (BP) pattern and decrease in daily urine output have been associated with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients. However, there is lack of data regarding the impact of different PD regimens on these factors. We aimed to investigate the impact of circadian rhythm of BP on LVH in end‐stage renal disease patients using automated peritoneal dialysis (APD) or continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) modalities. Twenty APD (7 men, 13 women) and 28 CAPD (16 men, 12 women) patients were included into the study. 24‐h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and transthoracic echocardiography besides routine blood examinations were performed. Two groups were compared with each other for ABPM measurements, BP loads, dipping patterns, left ventricular mass index (LVMI) and daily urine output. Mean systolic and diastolic BP measurements, BP loads, LVMI, residual renal function (RRF) and percentage of non‐dippers were found to be similar for the two groups. There were positive correlations of LVMI with BP measurements and BP loads. LVMI was found to be significantly higher in diastolic non‐dippers compared to dippers (140.4 ± 35.3 vs 114.5 ± 29.7, respectively, P = 0.02). RRF and BP were found to be independent predictors of LVMI. Non‐dipping BP pattern was a frequent finding among all PD patients without an inter‐group difference. Additionally, higher BP measurements, decrease in daily urine output and non‐dipper diastolic BP pattern were associated with LVMI. In order to avoid LVH, besides correction of anemia and volume control, circadian BP variability and diastolic dipping should also be taken into consideration in PD patients.
Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients With Peritoneal Dialysis by an Easy Z‐Score Imaging System for Brain Perfusion Single‐Photon Emission Tomography
Authors: Isshiki Rei , Kobayashi Shuzo , Iwagami Masao , Tsutumi Daimu , Mochida Yasuhiro , Ishioka Kunihiro , Oka Machiko , Maesato Kyoko , Moriya Hidekazu , Ohtake Takayasu , Hidaka Sumi
Published: October 2015

Cognitive impairment has long been recognized as a complication of chronic kidney disease. However, there is little information available regarding regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD). Therefore, we evaluated rCBF using brain single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). We conducted a cross‐sectional study in our hospital. Eighteen consecutive PD patients who could visit the hospital by themselves without any history of stroke were examined by Technetium‐99 m‐labeled ethylcrysteinate dimer brain SPECT. An easy Z‐score imaging system (eZIS) was used to compare rCBF in PD patients with those in age‐matched healthy controls. We also evaluated cognitive dysfunction with the mini‐mental state examination (MMSE) questionnaire. Only one patient showed an MMSE score of 18 points, and the remaining 14 patients were considered as normal (MMSE ≥ 27), and three patients were considered to have mild cognitive impairment (24 ≤ MMSE ≤ 26). In all patients, rCBF in the posterior cingulated gyri, precunei, and parietal cortices was significantly decreased. The ratio of the reduction of rCBF in each region relative to that of rCBF across the whole brain correlated positively with the PD duration (r = 0.559; P < 0.05). The serum β2‐microglobulin level was significantly higher in patients who had a higher ratio of rCBF reduction compared with those with lower ratios. In conclusion, all PD patients in the present study had decreased rCBF irrespective of MMSE scores.