bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of the SWAT hydrological model for water balance assessment in an intensive irrigated agricultural catchment in the Western Cape, South Africa
Authors: Mabohlo Sakikhaya , Tanner Jane , Gwapedza David
Published: September 2022

Changing climate and expanding irrigated agriculture exert significant pressure on the already limited water resources in many regions of the world. This study is located in a South African strategic water source area called the Koue Bokkeveld (KBV). The area is characterised by a strongly seasonal flow regime, where winter flash flood flows dominate and long dry summer periods are experienced. Numerous small reservoirs have been constructed in the catchment to capture the extreme winter flows. The region is a biodiversity hotspot with a number of endemic species and forms part of the strategic water source area in South Africa (10% of South Africa’s land surface produces 80% of the country’s runoff).

During the long dry summer period, conflicts over water use and allocation among farmers in the study catchment emerge. When this happens, river flows are abstracted without considering ecological reserve (environmental flow) requirements.

This study quantifies the availability of water resources in the KBV catchment to contribute to creating an equitable and more sustainable water management plan that addresses water-related conflicts among farmers and ensures that ecological reserve requirements are met. SWAT+ has been set up for this study as it allows the representation of spatially distributed reservoirs and river diversion points within a catchment. This study also simulates future flow scenarios in the context of changing climate.

The outcomes of this project will be used to support decision-making regarding sustainable water management. This includes being used as input into an Agent-Based Model (ABM) that will be utilised to explore various management scenarios. Furthermore, the modelled current and future water availability information will assist catchment managers in making informed decisions about how water management could be adapted to changes in water availability.

The project is half way through, with SWAT setup complete. A meeting with the farmers in early 2022 will assist with further calibration of the model, in terms of reservoir and irrigation dynamics. The possibility of additional reservoirs will be explored to counter the run of river summer abstraction occurring that is currently negatively impacting the biodiversity.
Riding the wave of discomfort. A reflexive way to practice sociohydrology 
Authors: Riaux Jeanne , Massuel Sylvain , Kuper Marcel
Published: September 2022

The production of knowledge about water is historically intimately linked to societal issues,
connecting water sciences ontologically to society as recognized through the Panta Rhei
initiative on sociohydrology. As a result, water scientists generally aim to “talk” to society,
mostly in the field of public decision support. However, and in parallel, the water sciences have
progressively asserted themselves as scientific and academic disciplines, focusing on the
natural aspects of the large water cycle and animated by the desire to adopt the position of
axiological neutrality sustained by “modern” science. This inconsistency affects, we argue, the
dialogue between water sciences and society. When water scientists engage in such dialogue,
interdisciplinary by nature, they frequently express a worrying feeling of “discomfort”, like
being out of step with the different expectations and paradigms.
We carried out a reflexive study on the way in which the research/society dialogue on water is
conducted in Tunisia within an interdisciplinary research group, including hydrologists,
agronomists and social scientists. We noticed that there were often mismatches in the way that
i) researchers engage with their interlocutors (which interlocutors?), ii) they transmit knowledge
(what knowledge?) and iii) the interlocutors appropriate knowledge (what kind of
appropriation?). The dialogue between researchers from the different disciplines inevitably
brings to light the gaps and contradictions in the practices of science/society dialogue because
water sciences and social sciences entertain different relationships with society.
We argue that the interdisciplinary dialogue initiated in socio-hydrological research allows
researchers, both in water sciences and in social sciences, to reveal this discomfort but also to
build on this to enrich the dialogue with society and one-self. Deep and sincere reflexive work
can be carried out collectively on both causes and effects. Identifying, analyzing and sharing
the sources of discomfort allows what anthropologists refer to as "decentering". This shift in
focus should help changing the way the dialogue between water scientists and society is held.
This then leads to questioning the place of researchers within society and the functions science can handle in the social and political world.
Improving the hydrological role of vegetation over Mediterranean mountain areas: the study case of the dehesa ecosystem in Cardeña-Montoro Natural Park (Spain) 
Authors: Pimentel Rafael , Torralbo Pedro , Aparicio Javier , Andreu Ana , González-Dugo María Patrocinio , Polo María José
Published: September 2022

Dehesas are a characteristic Mediterranean mountain ecosystem, result of a co-evolution of autochthonous ecosystems and human settlement in a sustainable balance, with high relevance from both the environmental (biodiversity) and socioeconomic (livestock farming, including Iberian pork food industry) point of views. They are characterized by a complex vegetation cover structure composed of isolated trees, mainly holm oak, cork oak and oak, Mediterranean shrubs, and pastures. This complex vegetation organization is the main determinant of the water and energy balance partitioning and therefore of the hydrological states of the ecosystem. The methodologies traditionally used to assess the hydrological role of vegetation usually are not able to correctly represent this complexity. On the one hand, distributed physically based hydrological models usually lack a detailed vegetation representation at subgrid scale. On the other hand, the spatiotemporal resolutions of traditionally used satellite remote sensing information are not enough to capture these vegetation dynamics.

This work proposes to improve the vegetation representation over this complex ecosystem combining remote sensing information at different spatiotemporal scales. A dynamical spectral mixture analysis using Sentinel-2 data is developed in the Cardeña-Montoro Natural Park (southern Spain). Terrestrial photography taken hourly at two spatial scales, detail (∼m) and plot (∼100m) at an experimental site located within the area, are used as ground truth. Detail scale images allowed to monitor vegetation changes throughout the year (e.g. tree blooming, pasture wither) and are used to select different combinations of endmembers to include in the analysis. Images at the plot scale are used to validate the obtained vegetation dynamical product. The new product, with errors smaller than 5% during the validation process, not only constitutes a better representation of vegetation, but is also the first step in a data assimilation scheme for better hydrological processes representation over these areas.

This work has been funded by project SIERRA Seguimiento hIdrológico de la vEgetación en montaña mediteRránea mediante fusión de sensores Remotos en Andalucía, with the economic collaboration of the European Funding for Rural Development (FEDER) and the Office for Economy, Knowledge, Enterprises and University of the Andalusian Regional Government.
Spatial distribution and seasonal occurrence of Aufeis in the Trans-Himalayan Tso Moriri basin, eastern Ladakh, India
Authors: Brombierstäudl Dagmar , Schmidt Susanne , Nüsser Marcus
Published: September 2022

Meltwater from the cryosphere is vital for water supply and livelihood security of the local population in the Trans-Himalaya. Due to decreasing glaciers and the increasing variability of seasonal snow cover, periods of water scarcity regularly occur in summer and spring. The widely neglected cryosphere component of aufeis, a seasonal ice body created by successive freezing of flowing water onto the already frozen surface is mainly located along rivers and streams. It stores base flow in winter and supplements river discharge during spring and early summer. Although this particular cryosphere component has been described for sub-polar permafrost regions across the northern hemisphere, only few studies have investigated Trans-Himalayan aufeis formation. Despite its possible importance for local hydrological systems, a better understanding of specific spatio-temporal freezing and melting patterns is lacking. In the study area 27 aufeis fields, which frequently reappear each year in the same places, with an average maximum extent of 9.2 km² in May were mapped, located at a mean elevation of 4700 m a.s.l. Size of individual aufeis fieldsranges from 0.007 km² to 1.7 km². Based on the 13-year monthly average, an accumulation and depletion phase can be differentiated, which are negatively correlated with surface temperature derived from MODIS data. The accumulation period lasts from November until April, with a peak of monthly average area in January and February. Melting starts in May and aufeis fields disappear by the end of July. A slightly increasing trend in the average ice covered area during the freezing period was found, whereas the maximum extent in May is consistent throughout the time-series with only a minor, non-significant downward trend. In addition, correlation analysis between monthly average overflow area and temperature suggests that temperature is an important variable regarding overflow activity. Temperatures above the 13-year average result in larger overflow areas compared to years with lower temperatures, especially during January, February and March whereas lower temperatures are more beneficial for ice formation in November.
Identification of river water and groundwater interaction using geochemical and isotopic indicators in the lower basin of the Cauvery river
Authors: Lingaiah Keerthan , Ramesh RamyaPriya , Lakshmanan Elango
Published: September 2022

Understanding the interactions between river water and groundwater is crucial for the better management of water resource problems. The present study was carried out to assess the river water and groundwater interaction in parts of the lower Cauvery river basin. The samples were collected from river water and groundwater from May 2018 to August 2021, thrice in a year. The samples were analyzed for EC, pH, major, minor ions, trace elements, and isotopes. The hydrochemical facies shows that the water is of mixed Ca-Na-HCO3 type followed by Na-Cl type in both river water and groundwater. The dominance of cations in river and groundwater is of order Na>Ca>Mg>K whereas the dominance of anions in river water was in the order of Cl>HCO3 >SO4 whereas it was HCO3>Cl>SO4 in groundwater. The rock water interaction was the dominant geochemical process followed by the evaporation process in both river water and groundwater. The temporal variation of major ions between river water and groundwater in a few locations indicates that they follow a similar pattern, thus indicating their interrelationships. δD and δ18 O isotopes shows that the river water and groundwater are in a mixing zone between recharge water and evaporation line during the wet season. During the dry season, few samples have been isotopically enriched due to the effect of evaporation, which indicates that the groundwater contributes to the river water. Therefore, it is evident that during the wet season, the river water recharges the groundwater zone and groundwater discharges into the river water during the dry season. Hence, this present study helps in better understanding of the river water and groundwater interaction through geochemical methods.

Keywords: River water, groundwater, interaction & isotopes.
Synthesis of Panta Rhei Working Group: Three-dimensional water scarcity
Authors: Liu Junguo
Published: September 2022

In recent years, water scarcity assessment has experienced an evolutionary advancement from quantity-induced water scarcity (one-dimensional 1D model) to integrated assessment of quantity-induced and quality-induced water scarcity (two-dimensional 2D model), and towards a more comprehensive assessment that considers water quantity, water quality, and environmental flow requirements simultaneous (three-dimensional 3D model). I will demonstrate the key research progress of the Working Group of Panta Rhei of water scarcity assessment. The 3D water scarcity assessment requires advanced methods to quantify water footprint, water resources and nutrient cycles, and sustainable water use. I will also demonstrate how to apply the knowledge gained from the 3D water scarcity assessment for successful restorations of degraded rivers.
Large-scale impacts of multilayer blue-green roofs: pluvial flood mitigation capacity and water storage capacity
Authors: Cristiano Elena , Annis Antonio , Viola Francesco , Deidda Roberto , Nardi Fernando
Published: September 2022

The continuous urbanization growth, combined with climate changes, that are leading to more frequent intense rainfall events, is increasing the pluvial flood risk in urban areas. With the aim to mitigate urban floods, several blue-green solutions have been proposed in the literature. Among them, multilayer blue-green roofs have shown high potential, ensuring a high retention and storage capacity and providing many additional benefits to support a sustainable development of smart and resilient cities. Stored water can be reused for different domestic non-drinkable purposes, such as the irrigation of private gardens or cleaning the streets. Moreover, multilayer blue-green roofs facilitate the building thermal insulation, reducing the energy consumption, and help contrasting the urban heat islands. These nature-based solutions, however, have been mainly investigated only at building scale. In this work, we aim to evaluate the potential impacts of a large-scale installation of multilayer blue-green roofs over a large neighborhood or an entire city. Two multilayer blue-green roofs, installed in Cagliari and Perugia (Italy) as part of the EU Climate-KIC Polderroof field lab project, are used to calibrate an ecohydrological model to simulate the potential retention and storage capacities of these nature based solutions. The impact of a large-scale installation of multilayer blue-green roofs over the cities of Cagliari and Perugia is estimated, after having identified all the potential suitable roofs of these urban areas. The potential discharge reduction and water storage capacity are discussed also in a context of climate changes, simulating the impact of future climate scenarios, derived from the IPCC projections (RCP8.5), on the runoff mitigation capacity of multilayer blue-green roofs.
Building and evaluating a set of hydrological signatures
Authors: Branger Flora , Horner Ivan , Braud Isabelle , McMillan Hilary , Lauvernet Claire
Published: September 2022

Hydrological signatures are indicators derived from observed or modelled hydrological data, that can be interpreted in terms of physical processes and linked to specific catchment response functions. They can be valuably used for the study of rainfall-runoff processes in a specific catchment, for catchment classification and comparison, or for hydrological model calibration and evaluation, in order to strengthen their ability to represent the dominant processes. Multiple signatures, using all kinds of hydrological variables (but mostly streamflow) are now available and reported in the litterature. However, the question of selecting and evaluating the signatures themselves has received less attention. How to build a set of signatures encompassing the various aspects of catchment response ? How to evaluate the information content and redundancy of these signatures ?

Our contribution presents a set of signatures based on commonly available hydrological variables (precipitation, streamflow and air temperature time series). It was built according the partitioning, storage and release catchment conceptual model of Wagener et al. (2007). It also includes the cryosphere compartment. Alongside already well-known signatures, new signatures were designed to fill gaps for the description of some catchment response functions. Two different methodologies were used to evaluate the signatures, based on the use additional variables provided by long-term hydrological observatories on the one side, and on a sensitivity analysis performed with a process-based hydrological model on the other side. The most relevant signatures could be identified and are available for further hydrological studies.
Seasonal Precipitation forecasting with large scale climate predictors: A hybrid  wavelet multiresolution -NARX scheme
Authors: Ouachani Rim , Bargaoui Zoubeida , Ouarda Taha
Published: September 2022

Much of northern Tunisia regularly experiences extremes of drought and flooding, with high rainfall variability. Development of reliable and accurate seasonal rainfall forecasts can provide valuable information to help mitigate some of the outcome of floods and enhance water management, particularly for agriculture. Ensemble monthly rainfall forecasts are carried out over horizons ranging from 1 to 6 months using a hybrid wavelet neural network model. The hybrid model called MWD-NARX based on a non-linear autoregressive network with exogenous inputs (NARX) coupled to multiresolution wavelet decomposition (MWD) is developed in this work. First, The MWD is used to decompose the data into different components on various time scale. Then to predict each precipitation decomposition the NARX ensemble model is employed. For an operational forecasting, the forecasts obtained from the decompositions are summed to represent the true precipitation forecast value. The outcomes of MWD-NARX are compared with Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). The seasonal forecasts of average precipitation by sub-basins of the Medjerda river basin are carried out. Large scale climate teleconnection indicators of ENSO, PDO, NAO and Mediterranean Oscillation were used as inputs to the model. The results indicate that exogenous inputs like climatic indices clearly improves the accuracy of forecasts in terms of the coefficient R2 on 82% of SBVs compared to a model that uses only climate indices as inputs with 1 month delay time. It increases then the forecast lead-time up to 6 months. The same conclusion is made when compared to an ANN. The correlation coefficient between observed and forecasted monthly precipitation is ranging from 0.5 to 0.8. It was also found that the MWD-NARX underestimates the extremes. The spatial variability of the quality of the forecasts depends mainly on the local effect of precipitation more than on the quality of the hydrological data observed on the forecasts. It can be concluded that exogenous inputs like climate indices can add some additional information to enhance monthly precipitation forecasts at longer lead-times. The forecasting model coupled to data pre-processing method made it possible to produce very satisfactory forecasts of non-stationary data by extracting significant modes of variability.
Comparison of Actual Evapotranspiration assessment by satellite-based models (SEBS/ LSA SAF) and hydrological modeling (BBH)
Authors: Abid Nesrine , Bargaoui Zoubeida , Mannaerts Chris M.
Published: September 2022

Actual evapotranspiration (AET) is a key component of the energy balance and hydrological regime of catchments. Estimating actual evapotranspiration (AET) in agricultural semi-arid regions is important for crop yield and drought assessment. The SEBS model, a physically-based model of energy balance, and the BBH-model, a conceptual water balance model, are used to estimate AET at the 10-day scale in Northern Tunisia using in situ and remote sensing data. Their estimates were compared to those obtained from a satellite product LSA SAF, based on the soil-vegetation-atmosphere model TESSEL. Comparisons are performed at two spatial scales: at the level of the pixel, and aggregating pixels from the same watershed. Eight gauged watersheds were considered with an area varying between 52 and 416 km². The spatial and temporal study of the coefficient of variation of AET indicates that the AET is coherently related to the spatial and temporal variation of ecosystems. Results indicate that the summer and autumn seasons are the most unstable period and the south part is the most unstable area. The comparison of AET-LSA SAF within AET-SEBS estimations results in R² under 0.6 at the pixel scale and R² varying from 0.2 to 0.5 at the basin scale. The SEBS model estimations overvalue those of LSA SAF, with an MAE = 20 mm 10-day-1 for almost basin. The comparison of AET-LSA SAF and AET-BBH at the basin scale shows an acceptable coefficient of determination (R² = 0.6) at the level of basins situated in the north part of the study area. By cons, a nonsignificant R² was obtained at the level of the basin in the south. The MAE is about 6.5 mm 10-day-1 with a general overestimation of AET-BBH comparing to AET-LSA SAF. A good coefficient of determination (R²=0.7) was found when comparing the AET-SEBS and AET-BBH estimations for the basin situated in the south part. The MAE = 16 mm 10-day-1 and the RMSE = 18 mm 10-day-1 with an overestimation of AET-SEBS comparing to AET-BBH. These results are encouraging and may help stakeholders to have a range of AET estimations using three different sources and approaches.
A novel approach for assimilating SAR derived floodextent map into flood forecasting model: the temperedparticle filter
Authors: Di Mauro Concetta , Hostache Renaud , Matgen Patrick , Pelich Ramona , Chini Marco , van Leewen Peter Jan , Nichols Nancy , Blöschl Günter
Published: September 2022

Data Assimilation can improve forecast accuracy of flood inundation models by an optimal combination of uncertain model simulations and observations. Particle Filter (PF) has gained interest in the research community for its ability of dealing with non-linear systems and with any kind of observation and model error distributions. Using PF, one of the most difficult issues to deal with are degeneracy and sample impoverishment. In this study, we have investigated a novel approach, based on a Tempered Particle Filter (TPF), aiming to circumvent these issues, and increase the persistence in time of the assimilation benefits. Flood probabilistic maps derived from Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR)
data are assimilated into a flood forecasting model. The process is iterative and includes a particle mutation in order to keep diversity within the ensemble. Results show an improvement of the model forecast accuracy as a result of the assimilation with respect to the ensemble without any assimilation (Open Loop, OL): on average the Root Mean Square Error decreases by 80% at the assimilation time and by 60% 2 days after the assimilation.
A comparison with a standard PF, the Sequential Importance Sampling (SIS), where degeneracy occurred, is carried out. Results are similar at the assimilation time but the increase of performance using the TPF are lasting longer. For instance, TPF-based RMSE are still lower than the OL RMSE 3 days after the assimilation, while the SIS-based RMSE becomes larger than the RMSE-OL 2 days after the assimilation.
Seasonal variation of Heavy Metal Pollution and numerical Modeling in the River and Dam(Case study: Zarineh river and Bookan dam in Iran)
Authors: Khalilzadeh Postegal Maryam , Noury Mojtaba , Mirbagheri Seyed Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Based on the deep studies of existing mathematical models, a mathematical model that expresses the dynamic of transport and transformation of heavy metals in the rivers has been presented. In this model, the basic principles of chemistry in the environment, hydraulic and fluid transfer dynamics have been used as well as seasonal variations of the studied heavy metals and influence of the mentioned physicochemical parameters on concentration variations of the heavy metals were investigated. The results of sediment effect can be investigated by the proposed models on the transfer and evolution of heavy metals pollution. For example, the transmutation and transport of heavy metal pollutants in a steady state flow containing sediment are studied using the present model. The results indicated that, the transportation of heavy metals not only have common characteristics of general pollutant but also have features of transport and transformation induced by the movement of sediments. The seasonal variations could be resulted from natural or anthropogenic sources and ambient conditions such as water temperature, EC, DO, pH, etc. Significant relationships were observed between concentration of some heavy metals and physicochemical parameters during wet and dry periods.

Keywords: Numerical Simulation; Heavy Metal; Pollution; Sediment; Physicochemical parameters; Seasonal variation
Assessing the effectiveness of Nature-based Solution as a climate change adaptation strategy using a coupled hydrology-soil erosion-river morphodynamics model
Authors: Eekhout Joris , Boix-Fayos Carolina , Pérez-Cutillas Pedro , de Vente Joris
Published: September 2022

Nature-based Solutions (NBS) are potentially cost-effective adaptation strategies to combat the projected negative impact of climate change on water security and encompass a broad range of actions that protect, restore, or sustainably manage ecosystems to provide benefits to society. It is crucial to assess the effectiveness of NBS at the catchment scale, which is most relevant for policymakers. Here we present a new channel module for the hydrology-soil erosion model SPHY, with the aim to support the evaluation of multiple NBS in large-scale catchments. The model SPHY simulates all relevant hydrological and soil erosion processes, including infiltration excess surface runoff and soil detachment by raindrop impact and runoff. We developed a novel channel module that simulates river hydraulics and morphodynamics in the channel network. The channel module allows to simulate a wide variety of NBS. For instance, stream restoration practices can be simulated by changing the channel dimensions and floodplain cover. Vegetated buffer strips can be implemented by changing the vegetation cover on the hillslopes. To test its applicability for simulating NBS, we applied the model in a small Mediterranean catchment in southeast Spain, which is characterized by an increase of extreme precipitation under climate change. We simulated three types of NBS, i.e. (1) vegetated buffer strips and (2) green covers, both implemented in agricultural areas on the hillslopes, and (3) stream restoration in the channels. We evaluated the potential of these NBS to reduce surface runoff, flood discharge, soil erosion and sediment yield, which are all projected to be negatively impacted by climate change due to an increase of extreme precipitation. The evaluated NBS are shown to be a cost-effective climate change adaptation strategy in Mediterranean catchments. This work has been financed by ERDF/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities—State Research Agency/Project PID2019-109381RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (XTREME) under the National Program for Research, Development and Innovation focused on the Societal Challenges
Evaluating the impact of irrigated agriculture on a coastal lagoon in a semi-arid catchment in southeast Spain
Authors: Eekhout Joris , Albaladejo Juan , Martínez-López Javier , Castillo Victor , de Vente Joris
Published: September 2022

Coastal lagoons are biodiversity hotspots, but often affected by human pressure like high nutrient and sediment loads from intensive agriculture and negative impacts from tourism and urban expansion. The Mar Menor (southeast Spain) is the largest salt water lagoon of Europe, however, in recent years the lagoon has been subject to a substantial loss of its biodiversity due to increasing human pressure from the surrounding Campo de Cartagena catchment. The Campo de Cartagena is characterized by a semi-arid climate with long dry spells and infrequent, but extreme, precipitation events. Since the opening of the inter-basin water transfer Tajo-Segura in 1979, the area of intensive irrigated agriculture has progressively increased, from around 10% in 1977 to 45% in 2020. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of these historical land use changes on a range of hydrological and soil erosion indicators. These indicators include irrigation water demand, plant water stress, soil erosion, sediment yield, among others. We also evaluated an adaptation strategy by creation of a 1.5-km green buffer surrounding the Mar Menor lagoon consisting of wetlands with the aim to catch sediments before they can enter the Mar Menor. We applied the hydrology-soil erosion model SPHY, which simulates the most relevant hydrological and soil erosion processes, including irrigation and sediment transport. The model results show that historical land use change caused a substantial increase of irrigation water demand (+209%), sediment yield (+42%) and flood discharge (+115%), which negatively impact the scarce water resources, the water quality of the Mar Menor lagoon and flooding of urban areas. The Green buffer scenario has the potential to decrease the impact on the Mar Menor through a significant reduction in sediment yield towards the lagoon. This work has been financed by ERDF/Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities—State Research Agency/Project PID2019-109381RBI00/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 (XTREME) under the National Program for Research, Development and Innovation focused on the Societal Challenges and the Horizon 2020 project COASTAL (Collaborative land-sea integration platform, grant agreement 773782).
Cianobactérias e algas continentais do Ceará, Nordeste do Brasil: um checklist
Authors: Lima Fernandes Ubirajara
Published: September 2022

Conhecer a biodiversidade é de extrema importância na aplicação de planos de conservação e manejo. Dessa forma, buscou-se registrar a ocorrência de cianobactérias e algas micro e macroscópicas continentais no Ceará (nordeste do Brasil), Estado que configura entre os de menor conhecimento da flora ficológica no país. Foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico em literatura especializada e em consultas em bancos de dados de distribuição das espécies no Ceará. Um total de 605 táxons foi registrado para a flora ficológica cearense, sendo Bacillariophyceae, Cyanophyceae e Chlorophyceae as classes mais representativas. A cianobactéria Microcystis aeruginosa (Kützing) Kützing foi à espécie de maior registro de ocorrência em publicações e a diatomácea Cyclotella meneghiniana Kützing a espécie de maior registro de distribuição entre os ambientes estudados. Os gêneros com maior número de espécies registradas foram das diatomáceas Eunotia, Gomphonema e Nitzschia. Observou-se que o predomínio dos estudos analisados teve foco nas algas fitoplanctônicas, predominantimente em estudos com abordagem ecológica, conduzidos em reservatórios e publicados em maior número na última década. Este estudo contribuirá para a adição de informações sobre a diversidade ficológica brasileira e torna-se ponto de partida para trabalhos que busquem um maior refinamento taxonômico das espécies que ocorrem no estado do Ceará.
In This Issue: Fragility–and resilience–in food systems
Authors: Hilchey Duncan
Published: September 2022

This summer issue (volume 11, issue 4) includes papers on a wide range of food systems topics, many of which relate to both the fragility and the resilience of food systems. Gracing our cover is Julia Slocum, who was the owner and operator of Lacewing Acres, a small certified-organic vegetable farm in Ames, Iowa, from 2012 to 2019. (She is now a first-year doctoral student in counseling psychology at Iowa State Uni­versity.) In this issue, you will read about her decision to close her farming operation in Ending Lacewing Acres: Toward amplifying microperspectives on farm closure (co-authored by Abby Dubisar at Iowa State University). Julia’s experience highlights the challenge of being a beginning farmer in the U.S. Small-scale, community-based farming is certainly one of the most difficult occupations to take up. For at least two-thirds of each year, it is an all-consuming endeavor. In daylight hours, small local growers manage dozens of crops (each of which has its own requirements to flourish); they may have to manage co-workers, customers, per­haps CSA members, a retail operation, wholesale accounts, and so on. In their evenings, they track produc­tion and sales, fill out surveys and tax forms, and nurse aches and injuries received during the day. Imagine going to bed exhausted and then having nightmares about crop failures or injuries or even lawsuits. Some­how, they must find time to recover and carve out personal and family time.
Effects of organo-mineral fertilization on plant growth and grain yield of an upland rice variety (NERICA 14) in lower Casamance (South-West Senegal)
Authors: Baboucar Bamba  , Ismaila Coly  , Moustapha Guèye
Published: September 2022

In Casamance, upland rice is generally practiced on sandy soils very low in organic matter with low yields (1 to 2 tons/ha). The objective of this experiment is to evaluate the effects of different doses of organic and mineral fertilizers on the growth and yield of upland rice. The test was conducted at the ISRA Djibélor station following a Fisher block design with 4 replications. The study factor is organo mineral fertilization with 9 treatments (T1 Unfertilized control; T2 = 0 kg/ha Compost (C) + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T3 = 0 kg/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 150 kg/ha Urea; T4 = 2.5 t/ha; T5 = 2.5 t/ha C + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T6 = 2.5 t/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 100 kg/ha Urea; T7 = 5 t/ha C; T8 = 5 t/ha C + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea; T9 = 5 t/ha C + 200 kg/ha NPK + 150 kg/ha Urea). The results showed that the tillering is more important with T8 (107 ± 11.49 tillers/m²) and T5 (96.5 ± 24.35 t tiller/m²). The height of the plants is greater with T6 (42.3 ± 2.6 cm) and T9 (62.9 ± 6.0 cm) at booting and with T9 at flowering (92.6 ± 4.3 cm) and maturity stage (98.4 ± 1.5 cm). Paddy grain yield (2,087 ± 1,229 kg/ha) and paddy grain size (28.3 ± 2.9 g/1000 grains) are more influenced by T8. For a sustainable improvement the productivity of upland rice, it is recommended to adopt T8 combination (5 t/ha Compost + 100 kg/ha NPK + 75 kg/ha Urea) for upland rice variety in Southwestern Senegal.
Association of anhydramnios and uterine rupture in a site of unscarred uterus: A case report
Authors: Mazzeo Allegra , Mancino Pasquale
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Uterine rupture is a rare, life-threatening emergency and usually present with significant abdominal pain, vaginal bleeding, and occur on uterine scars.

Case Report: This is the case of a paucisymptomatic uterine rupture associated with anhydramnios. The lack of amniotic fluid was first thought to be caused by a premature membranes rupture hidden by cervical cerclage placed during the second trimester. The misrecognized anhydramnios, the paucity of symptoms, and the absence of vaginal bleeding delayed the diagnosis of uterine rupture, only confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans showing the fetal arm through the uterine wall. Of interests, the uterine wall was ruptured on a weak site between two myomas and not at the level of the scar of a previous cesarean section.

Conclusion: This report highlights the association between anhydramnios and uterine rupture and suggests considering uterine ruptures even in the presence of mild abdominal pain and no vaginal bleeding.
BWM HONAY SEJAHTERA: SOLUSI PERMODALAN UMKM TERDAMPAK COVID-19 DI KOTA JAYAPURA
Authors: Jakiyudin Ahmad Havid , Husain Natasya Aula , Yusuf Muhammad
Published: September 2022

Capital is the main problem for MSMEs to survive during pandemic covid-19. MSMEs actors generally only depend on bank sector, cooperative, and moneylender to overcome these problem. The purpose of this research is to provide the best solutions for MSMEs actors in Jayapura City affected by Covid-19 who have difficulty accessing the capital. This study used a qualitative descriptive method with studi case approached. Data collection through library research and field research from participatory observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation, data analysis techniques using Miles and Huberman techniques in the form of: reducing, presenting data and drawing conclusions. The results of the research conducted indicate that BWM Honay Sejahtera Papua can be an alternative for micro-scale business actors in Jayapura City who have difficulty finding capital without interest and collateral. Capital assistance is given to micro-scale entrepreneurs scattered in Jayapura City such as street vendors, mobile cake sellers, areca nut sellers, etc. BWM Honay Sejahtera Papua provides a capital loan with a mentoring program so that it will form productive MSMEs.
PENGARUH MOTIVASI MENGHINDARI RIBA DAN PRODUCT KNOWLEDGE PERBANKAN SYARI’AH TERHADAP KEPUTUSAN MENJADI NASABAH PT. BANK SYARI’AH MANDIRI PASURUAN- JAWA TIMUR
Authors: Wahyudhi Imam
Published: September 2022

An islamic bank (a sharia bank) is a financial institution functioning as a financial intermediary based on Islamic sharia principles. The factor of obedience with sharia principles and knowledge of financial products are the main factors for consideration for sharia customers. Decreasing in the number of customers for two consecutive years at Bank Syariáh Mandiri Pasuruan becomes temporary concern while Pasuruan City is well known as the city of Muslim students.This research is a quantitive descriptive study using accidental sampling technique. Research will describe the state of the field wich aims to answer the question wether there is a significant effect simultaneously and partially between the independet variable and dependent variable.The results obtained indicate that the motivation to avoid usury and knowledge of banking products simultaneously on the decision to become a customer does not have a positive and significant effect with the proportion of motivation tp avoid usury (x1) and knowledge of sharia banking products (x2) on the decision to become a customer (Y) amounted to 24.7%. Meanwhile, the variable partial test (x1) has no positive effect. For variable (x2) has a significant effect.
Mukalma Bainal Mazahib ki Jihat: Mustafavi Manhaj Arab ke Yahud o Nasara se Tahamul ki Roshni Main
Authors: Brohi Dr. Abdul Fareed , Rehman Dr. Qari Zia ur , Rajpar Muhammad Aslam
Published: September 2022

Islam is the religion of peace and coherence revealed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) as a true guidance and mercy for the mankind. As the Prophet preached the message of Islam in Arabia, which later on spread in almost all the continents, Muslims interacted with the adherents of different religions, cultures, civilizations, ethnicities and creeds. When the Prophet migrated to Madina; he had interacted there with the Jews of Madinah and later on with the Christians of Arabia. These encounters and models include the migration, battles, treaties and dialogues within and without. In human history, the cultures and civilizations are compelled to relate to one another on a continuous and constant basis. Although the move towards inter-religious dialogue was first started within a Protestant branch of the Christian church, and the idea of interfaith dialogue is relatively modern but some of its instances could be traced back to the history of Islam as well. The main theme of this study and research will focus on the Prophetic approach and methodology towards dialogue. The researcher will try to seek the answers of the issues of today’s world which are being faced by the world in general and the Muslim Ummah in particular related to interfaith dialogue. The study will sort out the guidelines which could be found in the Life of the Prophet and the attitude and Hikmah (wisdom) of the Prophet towards dialogue seeking a Prophetic approach for the contemporary phenomenon of cultural and civilisational pluralism.
Experiência exitosa da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (PBL) da disciplina de saúde ambiental do Colégio Tecnológico Jerônimo Carlos do Prado - Goiatuba - Goiás - Brasil
Authors: Ferreira Bruno Rogério , França Vanilze Martins
Published: September 2022

As metodologias ativas são um conjunto de propostas diversas que têm em comum o fato que se diferem à metodologia expositiva, considerada responsável pela postura passiva e heterônoma do aluno. Dentre elas, a PBL ou ABP, que significa aprendizagem baseada em problemas, dando ao aluno, o papel de protagonista em sala de aula. O trabalho tem como objetivo demonstrar a experiência exitosa da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (PBL) na disciplina de saúde ambiental I, do Colégio Tecnológico Jerônimo Carlos do Prado- Goiatuba- Goiás- Brasil. O trabalho foi desenvolvido em três etapas. A primeira etapa constituiu de aula teórica, nesta aula dividimos em dois grupos a turma de Análises Clínicas (AC) da disciplina de saúde ambiental I, logo, foi feito o sorteio dos temas propostos. O grupo I ficou com o tema- Doenças Causadas por Poluições Ambientais: Solo, ar, água, sonora, radioativa e térmica e o grupo II, com o tema- A importância da Educação Ambiental na formação da cidadania. Em sequência, foram apontadas as problemáticas dos temas sorteados e, logo, os alunos deram início às pesquisas. Diante, dos trabalhos expostos, a PBL mostrou-se bem aceita pelos alunos e foi possível observar que essa metodologia instigou diferentes tipos de soluções para o problema proposto colocando o aluno como protagonista das ações.
A fluência leitora no Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Pinto Liduína da Silva , Silva Derilene Pereira da , Rodrigues Alves Aldivan , Silva Joseane Maia Santos
Published: September 2022

Objetivou-se analisar a fluência leitora dos alunos do 6ª ano do Ensino Fundamental, Caxias-MA, a partir do uso dos gêneros textuais fábula, poema e notícia, considerando os três componentes da fluência: Precisão através do registro o número de erros cometidos durante a leitura; Velocidade ou taxa de leitura (ppm), foi calculado o número de palavras lidas durante um minuto nos três textos aplicados; e Prosódia através uma análise quantitativa das amostras de leitura com base nos parâmetros de expressividade oral em escala multidimensional, considerando entonação e ênfase, fraseado e fluidez no ritmo. Os dados percentuais para o gênero fábula, poema e notícia mostraram que os alunos apresentaram resultados de 5% de erros, comprometendo a capacidade de compreensão. Os resultados para velocidade foram: gênero fábula (94 ppm), poema (101 ppm) e notícia (73 ppm), abaixo do padrão de 150 ppm, estes resultados demostram que os alunos estão demorando muito tempo na decodificação das palavras. Conclui-se, portanto, que os alunos apresentaram uma leitura pouco fluente (média de 2,1 a 3) sem diferença entre os gêneros textuais (p<0,05).
Atividades com possibilidades de participação ativa do estudante: visão do professor de Química
Authors: Maquiné da Silva Maria Eduarda , Menezes Jean Michel dos Santos , Farias Sidilene Aquino de
Published: September 2022

Nesta pesquisa objetivou-se refletir acerca da visão dos professores de Química a respeito de atividades que proporcionam uma participação ativa dos estudantes de Ensino Médio no processo de ensino e aprendizagem. Visando romper o ensino mecânico e passivo dos conteúdos químicos, o uso de atividades contextualizadas faz com que os estudantes tornem-se agentes ativos na construção de seu conhecimento. Para tanto, empregou-se pesquisa com caráter qualitativo que contou com a participação de 22 professores de escolas da rede pública estadual do Amazonas. Os dados foram obtidos mediante aplicação de questionário e entrevista semiestruturada que foram analisados utilizando-se a técnica Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontam que os professores valorizam o modelo de ensino que coloca os alunos em um lugar ativo na construção do conhecimento. Dessa forma, os participantes enfatizaram a importância da contextualização neste processo bem como a relevância do uso de atividades de caráter investigativo e experimentais. Por fim, para os participantes da pesquisa o uso de jogos se configura como uma perspectiva motivadora e viável para o processo de ensino e aprendizagem dos conteúdos químicos.
Importance of potassium and phosphorus in winter fertilization for olive trees
Authors: Elattar H. A. , Saleh M. M. S. , Hassan H. S. , Sarrwy S. M. A.
Published: September 2022

Background: This experiment was conducted in two successive seasons on Picual olive trees which planted in a private orchard located at El Khatatbah district belongs to El Behera governorate, Egypt, and that in order to study the effect of the potassium dihydrogen phosphate MKP (KH2PO4) addition on the olive fruit quality, yield and its oil content, trees were sprayed at two concentrations (2 and 4%). The treatments were applied on three dates as follows: (1) Once at mid-December. (2) Twice at mid-December + mid-January. (3) Once at mid-January. Results: Spraying MKP at 4% regardless the time of application had improved the tree yield (kg/tree), fruit characteristics and leaf nitrogen content compared to the control; however spraying MKP at 2% in the two seasons, had increased the oil content significantly. Conclusions: Winter applications of MKP at different times showed a positive effect on the studied parameters compared with the control.Picual
Vaginal misoprostol vs intramuscular carboprost in first trimester abortion
Authors: Basanna Savitha Keranahalli , Charita U , Anuradha S N
Published: September 2022

Background: A number of conditions demands first trimester abortions including medical and social causes. This study was mainly undertaken in order to compare the oral misoprostol with the intramuscular carboprost for cervical ripening in suction evacuation for medical termination of pregnancy up to 12 weeks of gestation. Material and methods: A randomized controlled trial was undertaken to determine the safety and efficacy of misoprostol over carboprost in first trimester abortions for cervical ripening. A total 120 pregnant women were randomized in to two equal groups where one group received oral misoprostol and another group received intramuscular carboprost. Two groups were studied and compared for the baseline characteristics, induction abortion interval, cervical dilation, blood loss and complications. Results: The mean age of misoprostol group was 26.2 years and carboprost group was 25.8 years. There was no statistically significant difference in marital status, gravidity, parity and gestational age in this study. Incomplete abortion was the common cause of abortion in both the groups. The induction abortion interval was 195.2 minutes in misoprostol group and 89.9 minutes in carboprost group. The mean cervical dilation was 8.35 minutes in misoprostol group and 9.31 minutes in carboprost group.
study the prevalence and severity of neutropenia in newly diagnosed HIV patients and their correlation with CD4 counts
Authors: Jat Ram Kishan , Panwar Anil Kumar , Choudhary Shrikant , Sharma Shivani , Yogi Jai Prakash , Bichhwaliya Ankur Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background: The incidence as well as the severity of haematological complications increases as the HIV disease progresses. Neutropenia usually occurs as HIV disease progresses and is an independent risk factor for bacterial infection in advanced HIV disease. Method: this observational study was carried out in Department of Medicine, J.L.N. Medical College and hospital, Ajmer. 100 patients were selected for study and were examined and underwent routine investigations. Results: In this study the frequency and severity of leucopenia increases with declining CD4 counts and has got significant impact on clinical outcome.