bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISIS NUMÉRICO DEL PROCESO DE INFILTRACIÓN DE AGUA Y LOCALIZACIÓN DE DEFORMACIÓN EN SUELOS PARCIALMENTE SATURADOS
Authors: Tobón Sánchez Willideman , García Aristizábal Edwin Fabián , Vega Posada Carlos Alberto
Published: February 2019

En este trabajo se presentan simulaciones del proceso de infiltración de agua en suelos parcialmente saturados en una y en dos dimensiones, haciendo uso de un método acoplado infiltración-deformación. El estudio de la infiltraciónunidimensional se realizó en dos partes: primero, considerando un suelo homogéneo y posteriormente, un suelo estratificado compuesto de dos horizontes diferentes. Para ambos casos se modelaron columnas unidimensionales de un metro de espesor, con las que se realizó un estudio paramétrico tomando diferentes valores de Intensidad de lluvia. Del análisisse encontró que el fenómeno de infiltración unidimensional tiene una alta dependencia de la relación intensidad de lluvia (I)/Permeabilidad del suelo (ksW) y en el caso de los suelos estratificados se evidenció un control de la infiltración por parte del suelo de menor permeabilidad. Finalmente, se analizó el caso de infiltración bidimensional mediante la modelación de un talud sometido a lluvia de alta intensidad donde se pudo localizar la superficie de falla en el talud. Los resultados de este análisis muestran el potencial de esta metodología para el estudio de estructuras de suelo sometidas a procesos de infiltración.
The Language of Health Reform and Health Management: critical issues in the management of health systems
Authors: Briggs David , Isouard Godfrey
Published: February 2019

Health reform has been a constant feature of most health systems for a number of decades and has often focused on structural change. The lexicon of health reform and health management has also become intertwined with managers reporting that reform has become a constant and that rather than influencing that change they are in fact influenced by it and by its impact on their role, professional development and career.

There is a challenge for health service managers to return to a leadership role in enabling health reform. In doing so will this challenge us to think differently about management?

This article addresses the significant body of research into health reform and health management through the lens of language used in reporting the context and the significant impact that it has had on the management role. It describes what directions that role might take, the qualities required in selecting capable managers and questions the current status quo in the education, training and development of this significant sector of the health system workforce.

It concludes by proposing a way forward that acknowledges that contemporary health reform is shifting the paradigm of healthcare delivery in a way that requires the dominant view of health management to be challenged. This might be achieved by the use of a critical lens on the language of management, a focus on a grounded approach about what managers need to do and an acceptance of variability in that role in adaptive complex contexts.

Abbreviations: DNOP – Distributed Networks of Practice; MDG – Millennium Development Goals; PHC – Primary Healthcare; PHN – Primary Health Network; SDG – Sustainable Development Goals; SEDOH – Social Economic Determinants of Health; SHAPE – Society for Health Administration Programs in Education.
Health Workforce Migration in the Asia Pacific: implications for the achievement of sustainable development goals
Authors: Short Stephanie , Marcus Kanchan , Balasubramanian Madhan
Published: February 2019

The maldistribution of health workers globally and within the Asia Pacific region remains problematic. While globalisation, and the increasing mobility of capital and labour, helps to reduce inequalities between countries, it increases inequality within countries. This study examines health workforce data and densities in the Asia Pacific region through a health workforce migration lens. The main implication relevant to achievement of sustainable development goals is the need for countries to work in a co-ordinated way in this region to increase substantially health financing and the recruitment, development, training and retention of the health workforce in developing countries, especially in least developed countries and small island developing states, most notably the Maldives, Timor- Leste, Kiribati, Samoa, Solomon Islands, Tuvalu and Vanuatu.

Abbreviations: OECD – Organisation of Economic Co-operation and Development; SDG – Sustainable Development Goals; SIDS – Small Island Development States.
Leadership in Allied Health: A Review of the Literature
Authors: Bradd Patricia , Travaglia Joanne , Hayen Andrew
Published: February 2019

Background: It is well established that effective clinical leadership improves the quality of healthcare service provision and promotes leadership outcomes. [1,2] Leadership capacity and capability of allied health professionals is needed for successful clinical service provision, [3] but less is known about allied health leadership than about other clinical groups.

Aims: The literature review aimed to identify research about leadership and leadership development of allied health practitioners in healthcare settings.

Methods: A database review was undertaken using SCOPUS, CINAHL, Medline and Business Elite databases from December 2014-September 2015. Three leadership journals were also hand searched. A total of 1665 articles were identified. These were scanned and 129 articles were retrieved with 70 articles shortlisted for indepth review.

Results: After application of inclusion and exclusion criteria, seven journal articles were included in the literature review. Review of the studies identified two areas of primary focus: leadership styles and outcomesand leadership development programs.

Conclusions: Findings showed that there are currently a limited number of robust published reports in relation to leadership and allied health practitioners. Implications for Practice: Well-designed research studies to further evaluate leadership skills of allied health practitioners as well as to determine the effectiveness of leadership programs in developing transformational leaders are required.

Abbreviations: CASP – Clinical Appraisal Skills Program; NHMRC – National Health and Medical Research Council.
Sociology of Healthcare Safety and Quality
Authors: Briggs David
Published: February 2019

Book review of  "Sociology of Health and Illness Monograph" series
Do you feel disempowered? It seems you should be
Authors: Briggs David
Published: February 2019

No abstract
Health Assistant in Nursing: a Victorian health service pilot
Authors: Davies Sarah , Keenan Cathryn , Redley Bernice
Published: February 2019

Objective: Develop and evaluate pilot of a new role to support nursing care delivery in hospital settings.

Design: A naturalistic, three-stage pre-post, multimethod pilot design used data collected from hospital administrative datasets, and surveys and focus groups with staff participants.

Setting: Three wards at three hospital sites of a large tertiary health service in Victoria, Australia.

Subjects: Staff performing the new role and registered nurses working on participating wards.

Intervention: Pilot of a new Health Assistant in Nursing (HAN) role.

Main outcome measures: Staff outcomes were work satisfaction and workload of registered nurses; quality outcomes included reported patient falls and medication errors; organisational outcomes included service costs and sick leave.

Results: Work satisfaction and workload of registered nurses remained stable after introducing the new role. The frequency of reported patient falls reduced in two of the three wards. Costing outcomes suggested potential for cost benefits attributed to reduced falls in acute wards.

Conclusions: This pilot identified the new HAN role has capacity to contribute to improved patient quality and safety outcomes without compromising nurse job satisfaction and workload. Potential cost benefits of thenew role warrant further consideration in the acute care sector.

Abbreviations: CPO – Constant Patient Observer; CSN – Clinical Support Nurse; HAN – Health Assistant in Nursing. NWSQ – Nursing Workplace Satisfaction
Library Bulletin
Authors: Liu Yaping
Published: February 2019

No abstract
Effects of Clinical Placements on Paramedic Students’ Learning Outcomes
Authors: Wongtongkam Nualnong , Brewster Lyle
Published: February 2019

Background: Clinical placements are of major importance in students’ learning processes through creating supportive environments and fostering independence into paramedic professional roles. The study aimed to explore whether clinical experiences in out-of-hospital emergency services affected students’ learning outcomes and satisfaction.

Methods: A retrospective study was carried out using preceptors’ evaluations (n=160) and students’ feedback forms (n=21). Descriptive and non-parametric inferential statistics were used to analyse quantitative items, and open-ended questions were analysed using content analysis.

Results: Findings showed that more than 70% of students were satisfied with the quality of preceptors and the fieldwork atmosphere. Preceptors reported that students’ clinical skills across all categories improved significantly in the last two weeks of training. Qualitative data indicated that students displayed appropriate behaviour and professional socialisation and were keen to learn, and demonstrated competence in paramedicskills.

Conclusion: A supportive atmosphere and positive student–preceptor relationships are key attributes for clinical placements if students are to accomplish learning outcomes in out-ofhospital environments.
Does Consultation Time Influence Patient Perception of Provider Communication Style, Patient Satisfaction, and Word of Mouth Recommendation in India? A mediation analysis
Authors: Mehra Payal
Published: February 2019

Background: In medically underserved developing countries such as India, the length of the consultation is often compromised; providers, it appears, have lost their natural empathetic tendencies and try to substitute talk with techniques and procedures. Despite this, surprisingly, patient satisfaction is high in India. This raises questions on the importance of understanding how patients feel about the clinical consultation length and the way it affects their satisfaction. In this context, this study analysed if the time spent with the patient predicted different changes to patient satisfaction with the provider and word of mouth recommendation.Methods: This cross sectional study comprised a sample of working Indian adults (N=501), completing communication competence measures and indicating their satisfaction and word of mouth recommendation potential. The four step Baron and Kenny’s model of mediation analysis, apart from the GLM and factor analysis, was used for the analysisResults: Findings showed that the communication style of the providers positively influenced the health outcomes such as patient satisfaction and word of mouth recommendation, and the length of direct consultation time mediated this relationship.  Gender wise, male patients were more likely to complain about poor communication competency of the providers and less consultation time than female patients Conclusion: We conclude that patients positively associate a longer clinical consultation time with empathetic and competent providers and be willing to recommend him/her to others. However due to extreme paucity of qualified providers in India, patients generally ignore or suffer problems related to time or communication style.
The Impact of Shared Versus Individual Office Space on Therapist Appraisal of Their Work Environment
Authors: Rogers Shane L , Edwards Stephen J , Perera Rebecca
Published: February 2019

Objective:  The primary objective was to investigate the impact of shared versus individual office space on therapist appraisal of the work physical and social environment, and overall appraisal of working conditions.

Method:  Therapists (n = 59) from Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services in Western Australia were surveyed about their appraisal of the social and physical work environment, in addition to their overall appraisal of working conditions.

Results:  Compared to therapists with individual offices, therapists occupying shared office space reported lower appraisal of the work physical environment and lower overall appraisal of working conditions. No difference was found between groups for appraisal of the work social environment. Additionally, when statistically controlling for office space, both the appraisal of the social and physical environment made an independent contribution to the prediction of overall work satisfaction.

Conclusion:  This research reveals that shared office space can negatively impact therapist appraisal of their work environment and reduce overall appraisal of working conditions. Additionally, results reveal the high importance of the physical environment for staff satisfaction in a mental health service.
Library Bulletin
Authors: Liu Yaping
Published: February 2019

Welcome to this edition of the Health Planning & Management Library Bulletin.  It is a comprehensive journal articles and documents related on healthcare managment.
A Study on Management of Health Care Infrastructure Development in Rural India: Critical analysis of current status and future challenges
Authors: Sreenu Nenavath
Published: February 2019

The study has focused on the role of rural health infrastructure development in India. Currently the health infrastructure development of India is poor and it needs fundamental reforms to deal with new emerging challenges. The role of private providers is increasing but simultaneously healthcare facilities are becoming costly. The study surveys the present position of rural health care infrastructure growth, the development of infrastructure, health care facilities, position of human resource, and quality of service delivery.

The paper suggests future challenges of Indian healthcare infrastructure development in rural area, as the burden of disease, financial deficiency in a large section of the population, vaccination policy and poor access to health care. Longevity, literacy and per capita income are further considerations.
PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA BERBASIS PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER KREATIF DI SEKOLAH DASAR
Authors: Anugraheni Indri
Published: February 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan perangkat pembelajaran matematika yang berupa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran dan Lembar Kerja Siswa berbasis karakter kreatif di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar, mengetahui kepraktisan perangkat pembelajaran matematika berbasis karakter kreatif di Sekolah dasar yang dikembangkan. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan yang mengacu pada model pengembangan 4-D dari Thiagarajan, Semmel, & Semmel yang telah diadaptasi menjadi tiga prosedur pengembangan yaitu: 1) define, 2) design, dan 3) develop. Penelitian ini hanya sampai pengembangan perangkat pembelajaran yang menghasilkan produk dan penelitian ini tidak dilakukan implementasi secara luas. Kemudian perangkat pembelajaran di uji validitasnya. Hasil validasi ahli dan praktisi menunjukkan bahwa Rencana Pelaksanaan Pembelajaran yaitu 87,62 berada pada kategori baik dan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) yaitu 81,90 berada pada kategori baik. Oleh karena itu  perangkat pembelajaran matematika berbasis pendidikan karakter kreatif layak digunakan di kelas IV Sekolah Dasar
TIPE DAN FUNGSI PERTANYAAN DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA KURIKULUM 2013
Authors: Rahman Mahda Haidar , Subyantoro Subyantoro , Mulyani Mimi
Published: February 2019

Bertanya merupakan kegiatan penting dalam pembelajaran, khususnya pembelajaran bahasa. Hal ini dikarenakan pertanyaan dapat mengawali sebuah interaksi. Interaksi yang baik merupakan awal pembelajaran yang baik. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tipe dan fungsi pertanyaan dalam pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif dengan metode padan yang dilanjutkan dengan teknik dasar Pilah Unsur Penentu (PUP) untuk mengklasifikasikan tipe dan pertanyaan. Berdasarkan pengamatan, tipe pertanyaan yang sering digunakan guru secara berturut-turut yakni: factual, perceiving & initiating action, conceptual convergen, conceptual divergen, valuing, evaluative, dan actualizing. Adapun fungsi pertanyaan berdasarkan fungsi yang sering muncul secara berturut-turut yakni: elisitasi faktual, memeriksa pemahaman, menejemen kelas, membangun pemikiran, konfirmasi, memeriksa pengetahuan, menyuruh/ melarang, membangun konten, isyarat elisitas, klarifikasi, merekap, mengembangkan kosakata, sanjungan/ sindiraan, refleksi dan mempraktikkan keterampilan. Fungsi pertanyaan dapat berbeda bergantung pada konteks interaksi, tidak bergantung pada tipe pertanyaan.  Pertanyaan yang baik adalah pertanyaan yang sesuai dengan konteks interaksi dalam kelas.
PENGARUH HYPNOTEACHING DALAM CONTEXTUAL TEACHING AND LEARNING TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIS
Authors: Qomario Qomario
Published: February 2019

This research is motivated by students' mathematical communication skills that areconsidered still low. This is because the use of learning models or methods is less varied, and the teacher has not linked the subject matter to the everyday context because in teaching only uses one learning source. The study aimed to find out whether there was an effect of the application of the Hypnoteaching method in Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) to the mathematical communication skills of fifth grade students of Elementary School 1 Sukarame. The research method used is Quasi Experimental (Quasy Experimental Design). The population in this research were all sixth grade students of Elementary School 1 Sukarame, amounting to 87 students. The sample in this study uses saturated sampling because the entire population is used as a sample. Students' mathematical communication skills were measured using a test consisting of 8 essay questions, with a reliability index of 0.707. Based on the results of normality, using the Liliefors test and homogeneity, using the Bartlett test, it was found that data from three samples were normally distributed and homogeneous. So that for testing hypotheses can beused Anava test one way with the same cell. Anova test results obtained obtained Fcount = 19.195, while the value of Ftable = 3.105, because Fcount> Ftable then H0 is rejected which means that is a significant influence of Hypnoteaching method in CTL. When H0 was rejected, it was carried out by a double compatibility test with the Schefee method, and from the three treatments it was concluded that the Hypnoteaching method in CTL was better than conventional Hypnoteaching learning methods and conventional learning methods.
Qualitative Detection and Isolation of Bacteria from Surfaces of Canned Drinks Sold in Ugbor, Benin City
Authors: Abraham Ogofure G. , Idowu Bello-Osagie O. , Barbara Aduba U. , Veadams Ighodaro E. , Alexander Emoghene O.
Published: February 2019

The qualitative assessment of putative bacterial pathogens on the surfaces of canned drinks sold in Benin metropolis was evaluated in this study. Standard bacteriological culture-based techniques employing the use of selective and differential media (Oxoid) such as Bacillus cereus agar, mannitol Salt agar, Pseudomonas cetrimide agar, bile esculin agar and MacConkey agar were used for isolation and identification of bacteria from swabbed surfaces of canned drinks. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion technique was used for antibacterial susceptibility testing. The multiple antibiotic resistance (MAR) index was deduced from the antibiogram characterization to evaluate the public health importance of the bacterial isolates. Refrigerated samples had 25% contamination while 75% were not contaminated and about 15.39% contamination was observed for non-refrigerated samples (stored in crates or cartons) compared to the counterpart 84.61%. The bacterial species include Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus sp. and Enterococcus sp. The bacteria were found to be sensitive to ciprofloxacin (92.5%) and gentamicin (90.1%) and least susceptible to cefixime (23.1%) and vancomycin (26.4%). They were found to be multi-resistant because they have an MAR index above the tolerable permissible limit (0.2) for common antibiotics usually used for their eradication. It is important to ensure that the surfaces of canned drinks must be rinsed with water before consumption.
Urban Densification of Large Housing Estates in the Context of Privatisation of Public Open Space: the Case of Imanta, Riga
Authors: Treija Sandra , Bratuškins Uģis , Koroļova Alisa
Published: February 2019

Urban regeneration with a view to efficient use of urban areas has been a strategy for urban development for decades. Densification is used as a planning approach to promote the implementation of the compact city model and to discourage urban sprawl. The central parts of the city are usually of high density, so the areas outside the city’s historic centre are seen as potential sites for urban densification. In many European cities large-scale residential areas built after the Second World War occupy a significant part of the territory outside of the city’s historic centres. Today, these housing areas are in most cases sleeping areas with great potential for development. Densification of urban areas outside of urban nuclei is not an easy task, and deals with a whole series of challenges.

The paper examines the existing approaches focused on densification in large housing estates. In order to define the typical challenges of this process, the examples of infill developments in large housing area Imanta in Riga are analysed. The analysis of infill development in Imanta showed four possible approaches. Some approaches contribute to the improvement of public space for neighbourhood inhabitants in general, still some approaches tend to isolate the new development and inhabitants from the surrounding territory.
An Algorithm for the Calculation of the Dwell Time Constraint for Switched ℋ∞ Filters
Authors: Horváth Zsolt , Edelmayer András
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a numerical algorithm for determining the minimum dwell time constraint for switched linear ℋ∞ fault detection filters. When applying switched systems, ensuring the stability is a crucial target, which can be guaranteed, when we switch slowly enough between the subsystems, more precisely when the intervals between two consecutive switching instants, called dwell time, are large enough. The problem formulation is based on multiple Lyapunov functions and is expressed through a special form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), which include a nonlinear term of the dwell time. This represents a multivariable, time dependent optimization problem. As a result, the task cannot be treated as a simple feasibility problem involving a LMI solver as it is widely used in applications of the linear control. To solve these special LMIs, we propose a numerical algorithm, called 𝒯
d
-iteration, which combines the procedure of interval halving with an LMI solver. The algorithm implemented in MATLAB shows its applicability as well as suggest further benefits for the switched linear control and filter synthesis.
Model Predictive Control of a Differential-Drive Mobile Robot
Authors: Bouzoualegh Samir , Guechi El-Hadi , Kelaiaia Ridha
Published: February 2019

This paper presents a model predictive control (MPC) for a differential-drive mobile robot (DDMR) based on the dynamic model. The robot’s mathematical model is nonlinear, which is why an input–output linearization technique is used, and, based on the obtained linear model, an MPC was developed. The predictive control law gains were acquired by minimizing a quadratic criterion. In addition, to enable better tuning of the obtained predictive controller gains, torques and settling time graphs were used. To show the efficiency of the proposed approach, some simulation results are provided.
GA/PSO Robust Sliding Mode Control of Aerodynamics in Gas Turbine
Authors: Debbah Abdesselam , Kherfane Hamid
Published: February 2019

In gas turbine process, the axial compressor is subjected to aerodynamic instabilities because of rotating stall and surge associated with bifurcation nonlinear behaviour. This paper presents a Genetic Algorithm and Particle Swarm Optimization (GA/PSO) of robust sliding mode controller in order to deal with this transaction between compressor characteristics, uncertainties and bifurcation behaviour. Firstly, robust theory based equivalent sliding mode control is developed via linear matrix inequality approach to achieve a robust sliding surface, then the GA/PSO optimization is introduced to find the optimal switching controller parameters with the aim of driving the variable speed axial compressor (VSAC) to the optimal operating point with minimum control effort. Since the impossibility of finding the model uncertainties and system characteristics, the adaptive design widely considered to be the most used strategy to deal with these problems. Simulation tests were conducted to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed controllers.
A Bayesian Information System for Predicting Stator Faults in Induction Machines
Authors: Ramdane Ahmed , Lakehal Abdelaziz , Kelaiaia Ridha , Saad Salah
Published: February 2019

The approach adopted in this paper focuses on the faults prediction in asynchronous machines. The main goal is to explore interesting information regarding the diagnosis and prediction of electrical machines failures by the use of a Bayesian graphical model. The Bayesian forecasting model developed in this paper provides a posteriori probability for faults in each hierarchical level related to the breakdowns process. It has the advantage that it can give needed information’s for maintenance planning. A real industrial case study is presented in which the maintenance staff expertise has been used to identify the structure of the Bayesian network and completed by the parameters definition of the Bayesian network using historical file data of an induction motor. The robustness of the proposed methodology has also been tested. The results showed that the Bayesian network can be used for safety, reliability and planning applications.
Simulating Solid Tumors with a Microenvironment-Coupled Agent-Based Computational Model
Authors: Kiss Dániel , Lovrics Anna
Published: February 2019

In this paper, we introduce a three-dimensional lattice-based computational model in which every lattice point can be occupied by an agent of various types (e.g. cancer cell, blood vessel cell or extracellular matrix). The behavior of agents can be associated to different chemical compounds that obey mass-transfer laws such as diffusion and decay in the surrounding environment. Furthermore, agents are also able to produce and consume chemical compounds. After a detailed description, the capabilities of the model are demonstrated by presenting and discussing a simulation of a biological experiment available in the literature.
Impact of propolis on the oral health
Authors: Šabanović Marizela , Saltović Semir , Avdić-Mujkić Azra , Jašić Midhat , Bahić Zerina
Published: February 2019

Propolis is a natural resinous substance collected by honey bees from buds and exudates of plant species, mixed with bee enzymes, pollen and wax. It has a complex composition with a wide range of effects, including antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antiflogistic, antioxidant, hepatoprotective, carcinostatic and immunomodulatory properties. It is often applied in the treatment of diseases involving the oral cavity and gums. The aim of this paper is to describe the therapeutic properties of propolis, chemical composition and its application in the oral cavity. Literature and systematic information on the composition and the effects of propolis on health were collected, with particular reference to the use in the treatment of oral cavity diseases. The chemical composition of propolis is very complex. The health impact depends on the biologically active components it contains. A particularly important application is in the treatment of diseases of the oral cavity. Studies show that propolis can help prevent dental caries and control gingivitis and plaque. It reduces halithosis (bad breath) and symptoms of periodontosis. It is also effective in fighting viruses. It can have significant application in orthodontics and restorative dentistry. A wide range of effects allows the multiple uses of propolis-based products. Recent research has been increasingly focused on diseases of the oral cavity. The development of novel propolis-based pharmaceutical forms could significantly reduce the use of antibiotics in conventional treatment of diseases of the oral cavity.
How to maintain oral health in children with respiratory diseases: Literature review
Authors: Sovtic Aleksandar , Peric Tamara , Minic Predrag , Marković Dejan
Published: February 2019

The most frequent chronic respiratory problems in childhood are asthma and cystic fibrosis (CF). The purpose of this paper is to review basic knowledge and recent advances in oral health and associated dental morbidities in children with asthma and CF. This review considered clinical trials and systematic reviews related to oral health in children with CRD. An online base Medline was searched to determine relevant papers, using the combination of the following terms: 'asthma', 'cystic fibrosis', 'caries', 'dental erosion', and 'oral health'. Oral health problems in children with chronic respiratory diseases (CRD) may be influenced by natural course of the disease, pharmacotherapy (inhalation therapy with bronchodilators and inhaled corticosteroids in asthmatic patients, systemic antibiotics and pancreatic enzyme replacement therapy in CF patients), medication administration technique and nutritional habits. Children with CRD may have higher prevalence of oral diseases. Patients and their parents, but also general paediatricians and pulmonologists, should be aware of importance of good oral health. Dental practitioners should be more informed about risk factors and specificities of oral health in these patients. Preventive measures, early diagnosis and effective treatment strategies in children with CRD can reduce occurrence of oral diseases and improve patient's quality of life.
Evaluation of permanent first molar tooth loss in young population from North Turkey
Authors: Ozmen Bilal
Published: February 2019

Background/Aim: Rate of missing permanent teeth in a population is important for oral health indicators. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the prevalence of previously missing permanent first molar (PMF) teeth in a young population. Material and Methods: 1204 healthy patients who received panoramic radiographs were selected randomly at their first visiting to Samsun Ondokuz Mayis University Faculty of Dentistry. The patients' age ranges were 7 to 17. Information about extracted permanent first molar teeth, missing regions, patients' ages, and genders was recorded. The data were statistically analyzed using chi-square tests. Results: 1,204 patients, of these, 608 (51%) were female, and 596 (49%) were male. 4,816 PFM teeth were evaluated in this study, and 128 of them (2.66%) had extracted from 97 different patients. There were statistically differences between groups in terms of age and gender (p<0.05). It was observed that mandibular teeth were more frequently extracted than maxillary ones, and lower left permanent first molar teeth had more extracted than the others. Conclusions: The first permanent molar teeth could be extracted different reasons. However, these teeth should be protected by both dentists and patients.
Empirical evaluation of professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years of age
Authors: Hora Ondřej
Published: February 2019

In this article, we evaluate ‘Professional traineeships for young people up to 30 years’, an active labour market policy measure implemented in the Czech Republic. Professional traineeships were one of the possibilities for suitable offer to young people within Youth Guarantee in the Czech Republic in 2014 and 2015. First, we conducted a process evaluation (document analysis and interviews) to uncover the design and implementation aspects of the program. Next, we followed the counterfactual impact evaluation approach towards the estimate of returns to unemployment (competing risk analysis) based on individual administration data from public employment services. We have found that professional traineeships were successful in attracting the interest of both young people and employers. Mainly young people with middle and high level education have entered the program. Most of them have been provided with on-the-job subsidies in the private sector. When considering the impact of the program on the unemployment of participants and a control group, it was shown that after two years, the measure was effective only for young people with long pre-program Employment Office registration. When we consider the reasons for leaving Employment Office registration, the measure seems to be more effective, since many young people in the control group left the Employment Office register in favour of options that were outside of the labour market.
Affective disorders in pregnancy and the postpartum period – from statistics to treatment. A synchronic approach.
Authors: Dańko Karolina , Dańko Piotr , Soroka Ewelina , Petit Véronique , Olajossy Marcin
Published: February 2019

The progress of medicine in the recent decades has strongly improved perinatal care, especially its somatic-related aspects. Pregnancy and childbirth have become much safer, but the mental strain and stress have remained the same. The models of motherhood and the number of children in a family have changed, giving rise to significant requirements concerning the quality of life of the offspring. These changes have brought about new psychological challenge for women and a team of psychiatrists and gynaecologists – obstetricians. The aim of this study is to look at the affective disorders affecting women during pregnancy and postpartum: the postpartum depression and so-called baby blues, which were both compiled in the form of a table in the final part of this work to illustrate the differences between these two mental disorders.
The content of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves of undergrowth species in hornbeam-oak forest stands of the forest-steppe zone in Western Ukraine
Authors: Zaïka Volodymyr , Bondarenko Taras
Published: February 2019

In this study, the biosynthesis of the plastid pigments chlorophyll a and b was examined for the most common shrubs in hornbeam-oak forest stands of the Western forest-steppe zone of Ukraine. The characteristics of the pigments’ biosynthesis were determined in terms of plant species, vegetation period and growth conditions (under canopy cover and out in the open). The gathered data on the changes of the pigment complex with respect to the examined variables confirms the sensitivity of plastid pigment biosynthesis to environmental factors.
Evaluation of the corridor method for oak (Quercus sp.) cultivation using research objects in the Mircze and Kościan Forest Districts as an example
Authors: Paluch Rafał , Gil Wojciech
Published: February 2019

The corridor method of oak (Quercus sp) cultivation is an old, forgotten silvicultural method. It was developed around the turn of the 19th and 20th century on the south-eastern borders of Poland (Podole, Wołyń) and Russia and made use of other species such as hornbeam, linden and birch as a cover for oak, which is a tree species sensitive to frosts. The nowadays recurring phenomenon of oak disease initiated a search for silvicultural alternatives and thus the usefulness of reviving the corridor method for oak regeneration was investigated by examining existing tree stands established in this way. Our research plots were located in five young stands and two in mature as well as old stands.

In the stands of the 2nd and 3rd age classes, the density of oaks was observed to be 1500–3500/ha, which accounted for 30–50%. The density of oak in old stands (7th age class) was similar to model-predicted values. Furthermore, the corridor method gave very good production results as exemplified by the oak stands growing on the fresh broadleaved site, which had a very high stand quality index. In addition, the species composition was observed to diversify throughout these oak stands’ development, thus supporting arguments for the conservation and preservation of oak-hornbeam forests. To summarise, the prerequisites for the success of the corridor method are systematic cuts of young stands (forest cultures and thickets) to inhibit the growth of accompanying undesired species and limiting the number of grazing animals.
Morphometric analysis of metacarpal and metatarsal bones of cave bears (Carnivora, Ursidae)
Authors: Baryshnikov Gennady F. , Puzachenko Andrey Yu.
Published: February 2019

For the first time, morphometric variation has been studied in metacarpal and metatarsal bones of all known taxa of cave bears, which belong to different molecular genetic groups (deningeri, kudarensis, spelaeus, and ingressus haplotypes). The examined material involves nearly three thousand specimens from 28 localities of Europe, the Urals, Caucasus, and Central Asia. For comparison we used samples of fossil and recent Ursus arctos, as well as U. etruscus, regarded as a common ancestor of brown bears and cave bears. Methods of univariate and multivariate statistical analyses of metapodial bones were employed, providing an opportunity to ascertain the degree of sexual dimorphism in different taxa, the degree of morphological difference between taxa, and to define “size” and “shape” morphospaces for concise description of morphological diversity and classification of cave bears. Our study reveals that, on average, sexual dimorphism is more pronounced in U. arctos and U. kudarensis praekudarensis than in cave bears. Sexual dimorphism of bear metapodia is greater than sexual dimorphism of the skull (Baryshnikov and Puzachenko 2011). The contribution of sexual dimorphism to size of the metapodials is close to a contribution associated with morphological disparity between the bears belonging to different taxa. By the example of two chronosubspecies of Kudaro cave bear: U. kudarensis praekudarensis from Middle Pleistocene and U. k. kudarensis from Late Pleistocene, we succeeded in detecting a decrease of sexual dimorphism over time, which suggests that earlier cave bears inherited a pronounced sexual dimorphism from ancestral taxa. Metacarpal and metatarsal bones of cave bears are easily distinguished from those of U. etruscus and U. arctos, simultaneously demonstrating similarity between cave bears from different genetic groups, involving the species U. kudarensis (the basal taxon for all cave bears, including U. deningeri); some peculiarities of these bones are revealed only in the smaller U. rossicus. The examples have shown the presence (U. k. kudarensis) as well as absence (U. deningeri, U. kanivetz ingressus) of evident spatial (geographical) and temporal patterns in metapodial variability. It is determined that taxa can be better differentiated by metacarpals rather than by metatarsals, because the latter proved to be more “conservative” and less variable over time. It is hypothesized that very rapid modification of metapodial bones occurred at an early stage of evolution of this group, which was presumably a result of occupation of a special ecological niche by cave bears. This study reveals that the size and shape of metacarpal and metatarsal bones did not have an observable link with the taxonomic or evolutionary position of cave bears. At the same time, the clear morphological differences between brown bears and cave bears reflect an early evolutionary divergence between “arctoid” and “spelaeoid” lineages.
Report on the Discovery of Fossil Mares with Preserved Uteroplacenta from the Eocene of Germany
Authors: Franzen Jens Lorenz
Published: February 2019

I report on the discoveries of three pregnant mares from the middle Eocene of Germany that contain remains of fetuses still wrapped in the fossilized uteroplacenta. These are the first and up to now only discoveries of this kind. One specimen comes from the Eckfeld Maar (Eifel Mountains). It is 44 million years of age. The other two were discovered at Grube Messel and are 48 million years old. These are the oldest fossil uteroplacentae known so far. Their morphology corresponds to recent homologues. Presumably, the uteroplacenta developed as part of the propagation system of mammals during the Palaeocene, perhaps already during the late Mesozoic.
A review of the Pleistocene dwarfed elephants from the Aegean islands, and their paleogeographic context
Authors: Sen Sevket
Published: February 2019

This paper provides a synthesis of the present knowledge on dwarfed endemic elephants from the Pleistocene of the south Aegean islands. Pleistocene elephants are quite well documented from Crete and Tilos, but with scarce remains on other islands. The systematics and affinities of these elephants are discussed here in the light of recent knowledge on their dispersal history and morphological features. There were apparently three different species on Crete, an older species of Early Pleistocene age and related to Mammuthus, and two others of Middle or Late Pleistocene age, namely Palaeoloxodon creutzburgi and P. chaniensis. The unique m3 from Kassos is similar in size and morphology to P. creutzburgi. From the other islands, the most famous and particularly well-documented species is P. tiliensis from Tilos. It was a dwarfed form estimated as being 1.8 m at the shoulders. Other important records are from the islands of Rhodos, Naxos, Dilos, Kalymnos and Kythera. These islands yielded palaeoloxodontine elephant fossils presumably of the Middle-Late Pleistocene age. The pattern of their dentition and the character of the limb bones, when known, resemble those of the European straight-tusked elephant P. antiquus, and the general opinion is that they were derived from this species. The main question discussed in the present study is the relationship between the elephant occurrences and palaeogeographic evolution of the Aegean domain. It appears that elephants populated Crete at least twice at different times using sweepstake roots. On other islands, elephants probably became isolated because of the subsidence of the Aegean domain and the sea level rise during the Late Pleistocene, which reduced land surfaces and food resources. Hence different degrees of dwarfism existed in these elephants and varied from one island to another.
Light and shadows in the evolution of South European stenonoid horses
Authors: Palombo Maria Rita , Alberdi Maria Teresa
Published: February 2019

The appearance of monodactyl equids in Eurasia and their dispersal towards South Europe is a significant event that marks the beginning of the Quaternary period. During the Pleistocene, horses were a common element in most European large mammal faunal assemblages, providing important palaeoecological clues, but their taxonomy, nomenclature and phylogeny, as well as their actual biochronological significance have been widely debated by scholars. The evolutionary history of horses here regarded as “stenonoid” (Equus livenzovensis, Equus stenonis, Equus ex gr. E. senezensis, Equus altidens, Equus hydruntinus, the large-sized horses Equus major and Equus suessenbornensis, sometimes referred to as the so-called “Equus bressanus-Equus suessenbornensis group”), is one of the most intriguing. This study, mainly focusing on the South European representatives of this group, aims to highlight and discuss the major debated issues, re-examining the taxonomy of some Early and early Middle Pleistocene horses. Alternative phylogenetic hypotheses will also be discussed with the aim of providing new clues on the chronology and palaeoecology of some key species/samples.
A detailed description of Cricetodon hungaricus (Kordos, 1986) (Rodentia, Mammalia) from Hasznos (N. Hungary, Nógrád County)
Authors: Hír János
Published: February 2019

The large-sized cricetid rodents (Tribe Cricetodontini) are of primary importance in the biostratigraphy of the Middle Miocene in Hungary. Cricetodon hungaricus is especially remarkable due to its original morphology and stratigraphic range. New excavations in the type locality of the species, namely Hasznos (Nógrád County, Hungary; Middle Badenian, MN 6) resulted in the acquisition of important new fossil material. The aim of this contribution in honor of Prof. O. Fejfar is to provide a detailed description, emended diagnosis and detailed comparison of the Cricetodon material with a taxonomical, biogeographical and paleoenvironmental context.
Eomys helveticus n. sp. and Eomys schluneggeri n. sp., two new small eomyids of the Chattian (MP 25/MP 26) subalpine Lower Freshwater Molasse of Switzerland
Authors: Engesser Burkart , Kälin Daniel
Published: February 2019

Two new small Eomys species of the Chattian Lower Freshwater Molasse of Central Switzerland are described. Eomys helveticus n. sp. and Eomys schluneggeri n. sp. from the localities Rigi 1 and Rigi 2 are characterized by their relatively small dimensions and the metalophid of the lower molars not being connected to the anterolophid. In addition, E. schluneggeri n. sp. shows some morphological similarity to the genus Eomyodon Engesser, 1987. The two new Eomys species have so far never been found in any of the numerous MP 25 and MP 26 localities in Central Europe. In both faunas Eomyidae and Gliridae were extremely frequent, whereas the Theridomyidae, usually the most frequent rodent family in the Late Oligocene, were very rare or absent. We interpret these peculiarities as being linked with the special ecological conditions, namely a relatively wet, forested environment.
Revision of the European species of Prosantorhinus (Mammalia, Perissodactyla, Rhinocerotidae)
Authors: Heissig Kurt
Published: February 2019

t is not size that distinguishes the genus Prosantorhinus from Diaceratherium , but the following characters: a concave dorsal skull profile with upslanting nasals and narrowing on the distal side of the last upper molar.

Using these characters, in addition to the type species Prosantorhinus germanicus (), the following species can be added to the genus: Prosantorhinus douvillei () (, .), from the Early and Middle Miocene (MN 3–5) of Western Europe, Prosantorhinus laubei from MN 3 of northern Bohemia, Prosantorhinus aurelianensis () from MN 3–4a of Western Europe, and with some reservation “Rhinoceros” tagicus (), an enigmatic species from the Early Miocene (MN 3) of Portugal, known only by its upper cheek teeth.

At the beginning of MN 3 (), the metapodials of Prosantorhinus aurelianensis were considerably more robust than those of the latest Diaceratherium species (Laugnac, MN 2b) (.) Within the genus shortening of the distal limb segments and narrowing of the distal side of M3 increased with time. The metapodials of Prosantorhinus laubei are less robust but of medium length, in contrast to the Middle Miocene (MN 5) Prosantorhinus germanicus in which they are extremely shortened.

No transitional species or co-occurrence of Diaceratherium and Prosantorhinus are known.