bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Oxidative status of Kefalotyri cheese during aerobic storage in the dark or under fluorescent light
Authors: Govari Maria , Iliadis Stavros , Papageorgiou Demetrios , Fletouris Dimitrios
Published: August 2022

Kefalotyri cheese made in December and April using milk from sheep grazing on pastures was aerobically kept, in the dark or under fluorescent light, for 40 days at 4°C. Unsaturated fatty acids, which were higher in April than in December cheese, were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in all cheese samples under both storage conditions. According to lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde and carbonyls changes, grated cheese samples stored under fluorescent light showed a higher protein and lipid oxidation as compared to samples stored in the dark. Sensory and colour characteristics were better for cheeses stored in the dark than those under fluorescent light.
Perceived benefits of geriatric specialty telemedicine among rural patients and caregivers
Authors: Dryden Eileen M. , Kennedy Meaghan A. , Conti Jennifer , Boudreau Jacqueline H. , Anwar Chitra P. , Nearing Kathryn , Pimentel Camilla B. , Hung William W. , Moo Lauren R.
Published: August 2022

Objective

Explore the perceived benefits of a Veterans Health Administration (VHA) geriatric specialty telemedicine service (GRECC Connect) among rural, older patients and caregivers to contribute to an assessment of its quality and value.

Data Sources

In Spring 2021, we interviewed a geographically diverse sample of rural, older patients and their caregivers who participated in GRECC Connect telemedicine visits.

Study Design

A cross‐sectional qualitative study focused on patient and caregiver experiences with telemedicine, including perceived benefits and challenges.

Data Collection

We conducted 30 semi‐structured qualitative interviews with rural, older (≥65) patients enrolled in the VHA and their caregivers via videoconference or phone. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using a rapid qualitative analysis approach.

Principal Findings

Participants described geriatric specialty telemedicine visits focused on cognitive assessments, tailored physical therapy, medication management, education on disease progression, support for managing multiple comorbidities, and suggestions to improve physical functioning. Participants reported that, in addition to prescribing medications and ordering tests, clinicians expedited referrals, coordinated care, and listened to and validated both patient and caregiver concerns. Perceived benefits included improved patient health; increased patient and caregiver understanding and confidence around symptom management; and greater feelings of empowerment, hopefulness, and support. Challenges included difficulty accessing some recommended programs and services, uncertainty related to instructions or follow‐up, and not receiving as much information or treatment as desired. The content of visits was well aligned with the domains of the Age‐Friendly Health Systems and Geriatric 5Ms frameworks (Medication, Mentation, Mobility, what Matters most, and Multi‐complexity).

Conclusions

Alignment of patient and caregiver experiences with widely‐used models of comprehensive geriatric care indicates that high‐quality geriatric care can be provided through virtual modalities. Additional work is needed to develop strategies to address challenges and optimize and expand access to geriatric specialty telemedicine.
Genome‐wide identification, classification, and expression profiling of serine esterases and other esterase‐related proteins in the tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta
Authors: Miao Zelong , Xiong Chao , Cao Xiaolong , Shan Tisheng , Jin Qiao , Jiang Haobo
Published: August 2022

Serine esterases (SEs) are hydrolases that catalyze the conversion of carboxylic esters into acids and alcohols. Lipases and carboxylesterases constitute two major groups of SEs. Although over a hundred of insect genomes are known, systematic identification and classification of SEs are rarely performed, likely due to large size and complex composition of the gene family in each species. Considering their key roles in lipid metabolism and other physiological processes, we have categorized 144 M. sexta SEs and SE homologs (SEHs), 114 of which contain a motif of GXSXG. Multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis have revealed 39 neutral lipases (NLs), 3 neutral lipase homologs (NLHs), 11 acidic lipases (ALs), 3 acidic lipase homologs (ALHs), a lipase‐3, a triglyceride lipase, a monoglyceride lipase, a hormone‐sensitive lipase, and a GDSL lipase. Eighty‐three carboxylesterase genes encode 29 α‐esterases (AEs), 12 AEHs (e.g., SEH4‐1–3), 20 feruloyl esterases (FEs), 2 FEHs, 2 β‐esterases (BEs), 2 integument esterases (IEs), 1 IEH, 4 juvenile hormone esterases, 2 acetylcholinesterases, gliotactin, 6 neuroligins, neurotactin, and an uncharacteristic esterase homolog. In addition to these GXSXG proteins, we have identified 26 phospholipases and 13 thioesterases. Expression profiling of these genes in specific tissues and stages has provided insights into their functions including digestion, detoxification, hormone processing, neurotransmission, reproduction, and developmental regulation. In summary, we have established a framework of information on SEs and related proteins in M. sexta to stimulate their research in the model species and comparative investigations in agricultural pests or disease vectors.
BmCaspase‐8‐like regulates autophagy by suppressing BmDREDD‐mediated cleavage of BmATG6
Authors: Sun Chang , Wei Dongmei , Pan Yumeng , Xiao Xiaoyi , Wang Fei
Published: August 2022

Autophagy plays an important role in tissue remodeling during insect development. The interplay between autophagy‐related (ATG) proteins and caspases regulates the autophagic activity of ATGs, thereby modulating the process of autophagy. Our previous study characterized BmCaspase‐8‐like (BmCasp8L) as a caspase suppressor that inhibits apoptosis and immune signaling by suppressing the activation of death‐related ced‐3/Nedd2‐like caspase (DREDD), a caspase‐8 homolog in silkworm. In this study, we explored the regulatory role of BmCasp8L in autophagy. We found that the expression of Bmcasp8l increased from the late spinning stage to the pupa stage in the posterior silk gland (PSG), correlating with the expression patterns of Bmatg8 and Bmatg6. RNA interference‐mediated downregulation of BmCasp8L expression significantly decreased starvation‐induced autophagic influx as determined by the levels of BmATG8–phosphatidylethanolamine and the percentage of cells displaying punctate enhanced green fluorescent protein‐BmATG8. Conversely, the overexpression of BmCasp8L significantly increased autophagic influx. We also found that BmCasp8L underwent autophagic degradation induced by starvation and that it was colocalized with BmATG8. Lastly, we demonstrated that BmDREDD attenuated autophagy and BmCasp8L suppressed BmDREDD‐mediated cleavage of BmATG6. Taken together, our results demonstrated that BmCasp8L is a novel proautophagic molecule which suppresses BmDREDD‐mediated cleavage of BmATG6 and is a target for autophagy.
The bacterial signature offers vision into the machinery of coral fitness across high‐latitude coral reef in the South China Sea
Authors: Mohamed Hala F. , Abd‐Elgawad Amro , Cai Rongshuo , Luo Zhaohe , Xu Changan
Published: August 2022

Coral–bacterial interaction is a major driver in coral acclimatization to the stressful environment. 16S rRNA High‐throughput sequencing was used to classify the role of different coral reef compartments; sediment, water, and tissue; in the South China Sea (SCS), as well as different locations in shaping the microbial community. The majority of OTUs significantly shifted at impacted sites and indicated distinction in the relative abundance of bacteria compartment/site‐wise. Richness and diversity were higher, and more taxa were enriched in the sediment communities. Proteobacteria dominated sediment samples, while Cyanobacteria dominated water samples. Coral tissue showed a shift among different sites with Proteobacteria remaining the dominant Phylum. Moreover, we report a dominance of Chlorobium genus in the healthy coral tissue sample collected from the severely damaged Site B, suggesting a contribution to tolerance and adaptation to the disturbing environment. Thus, revealing the complex functionally diverse microbial patterns associated with biotic and abiotic disturbed coral reefs will deliver understanding of the symbiotic connections and competitive benefit inside the hosts niche and can reveal a measurable footprint of the environmental impacts on coral ecosystems. We hence, urge scientists to draw more attention towards using coral microbiome as a self‐sustaining tool in coral restoration.
Impact of vaping restrictions in public places on smoking and vaping in the United States—evidence using a difference‐in‐differences approach
Authors: Cheng Kai‐Wen , Liu Feng , Pesko Michael F. , Levy David T. , Fong Geoffrey T. , Cummings K. Michael
Published: August 2022

Aims

To estimate whether and to what extent extending indoor smoking restrictions to include electronic cigarettes (ECs) impact the use of ECs and cigarette smoking among adults in the United States.

Design

Observational study using a linear probability model and applying a difference‐in‐differences analysis.

Setting

United States.

Participants

People aged 18–54 who lived in US counties where comprehensive indoor smoking laws in bars, restaurants and private work‐places have been in place prior to 2010 (n = 45 111 for EC use analysis, n = 75 959 for cigarette use analysis).

Measurements

Data on cigarette smoking, use of ECs and place of residence from the Tobacco Use Supplement of the Current Population Survey (TUS‐CPS 2010–11, 2014–15 and 2018–19) were combined with the American Nonsmokers’ Rights Foundation (ANRF) database of state and local indoor smoking and vaping restriction laws.

Findings

Indoor vaping restriction (IVR) coverage was not significantly associated with the likelihood of adult EC use [coefficient estimate = 0.001; 95% confidence interval (CI) = −0.009, 0.013, P‐value = 0.783]. In addition, IVR coverage was not significantly associated with adult cigarette smoking (coefficient estimate = −0.00; 95% CI = −0.016, 0.015, P‐value = 0.954). The non‐significant results appeared in different socio‐demographic subgroups.

Conclusions

IVRs do not appear to decrease electronic cigarette use among US adults. There is no evidence that IVRs increase or decrease cigarette smoking among US adults.
Effect of high‐flow nasal oxygen on hypoxaemia during procedural sedation: a systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Thiruvenkatarajan V. , Sekhar V. , Wong D. T. , Currie J. , Van Wijk R. , Ludbrook G. L.
Published: August 2022

We conducted a systematic review to evaluate the effect of high‐flow nasal oxygen and conventional oxygen therapy during procedural sedation amongst adults and children. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL for randomised controlled trials that reported the effects of high‐flow nasal oxygen during procedural sedation. The primary outcome measure was hypoxaemia and the secondary outcomes were minimum oxygen saturation; hypercarbia; requirement for airway manoeuvres; and procedure interruptions. The quality of evidence was assessed using the revised Cochrane risk‐of bias tool and grading of recommendations, assessment, development and evaluation (GRADE). Nineteen randomised controlled trials (4121 patients) including three in children were included. Administration of high‐flow nasal oxygen reduced hypoxaemia, risk ratio (95%CI) 0.37 (0.24–0.56), p < 0.001; minor airway manoeuvre requirements, risk ratio (95%CI) 0.26 (0.11–0.59), p < 0.001; procedural interruptions, risk ratio (95%CI) 0.17 (0.05–0.53), p = 0.002; and increased minimum oxygen saturation, mean difference (95%CI) 4.1 (2.70–5.50), p < 0.001; as compared with the control group. High‐flow nasal oxygen had no impact on hypercarbia, risk ratio (95%CI) 1.24 (0.97–1.58), p = 0.09, I2 = 0%. High‐flow nasal oxygen reduced the incidence of hypoxaemia regardless of the procedure involved, degree of fractional inspired oxygen, risk‐profile of patients and mode of propofol administration. The evidence was ascertained as moderate for all outcomes except for procedure interruptions. In summary, high‐flow nasal oxygen compared with conventional oxygenation techniques reduced the risk of hypoxaemia, increased minimum oxygen saturation and reduced the requirement for airway manoeuvres. High‐flow nasal oxygen should be considered in patients at risk of hypoxaemia during procedural sedation.
Significance of detailed hematological parameters as markers of arteriogenic erectile dysfunction
Authors: Liu Guodong , Zhang Yuyang , Zhang Wei , Wu Xu , Huang Houbao , Jiang Hui , Zhang Xiansheng
Published: August 2022

Background

Several hematologic parameters have been shown to be strongly associated with cardiovascular disease, yet few studies were conducted to assess their relationship with atherogenic erectile dysfunction.

Objectives

To find out the differences in hematological parameters between patients with atherogenic erectile dysfunction and healthy controls through as comprehensive a hematological examination as possible and try to assess and predict atherogenic erectile dysfunction using possible indicators.

Materials and methods

We collected hematological parameters in detail from 105 healthy controls and 183 patients with erectile dysfunction (119 patients with atherogenic erectile dysfunction patients and 64 patients with venous erectile dysfunction) who were selected by nocturnal penile tumescence and rigidity and color duplex doppler ultrasound.

Results

Statistically significant differences were found between the atherogenic erectile dysfunction and venous erectile dysfunction groups in platelet to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, and mean platelet volume (all p < 0.01). When comparing atherogenic erectile dysfunction with the healthy population, we found statistically significant differences between the two groups in white blood cell, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, triglycerides, and high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, p < 0.01; white blood cell, p = 0.024; non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, p = 0.036). Receiver operator characteristic curve analysis showed that neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and platelet to lymphocyte ratio had the highest diagnostic value (neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio: area under the curve = 0.810, p < 0.001, cut‐off = 1.995; platelet to lymphocyte ratio: area under the curve = 0.782, p < 0.001, cut‐off = 126.3).

Conclusion

Several hematological parameters (white blood cell, platelet to lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume, triglycerides, high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol, and non‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol) can be considered markers of atherogenic erectile dysfunction, while these parameters were not significantly different in venous erectile dysfunction compared to healthy subjects. This suggests that hematological examinations may be a convenient and effective method to help evaluate and diagnose atherogenic erectile dysfunction.
An interdisciplinary perspective on private sector engagement in cross‐sector partnerships: Thewhy,where, andhow
Authors: Sdunzik Jennifer , Bampoh Daniel K. , Sinfield Joseph V. , McDavid Lindley , Burgess Daniel , Burgess Wilella D.
Published: August 2022

Private sector engagement (PSE) is increasingly acknowledged in both literature and practice as a necessary mechanism to sustainably address development challenges. Despite increased practitioner and academic interest in these partnerships, there have been negligible attempts to systematically investigate cross‐sector partnerships to distill best practices from the multiple environments in which they are employed. This manuscript presents a robust review of the social science and business literatures on cross‐sector partnerships, yielding an interdisciplinary, evidence‐based framework detailing archetypes of three prominent partnership characteristics of purpose, context, and relationship enablers. This work integrates a wide range of best practices and values pertinent to businesses and society, enabling researchers, practitioners, and partnership managers to characterize and evaluate partnerships systematically. The introduced framework also enables partners to situate and evaluate their partnership activities to optimize outcomes for each partner and impact on the challenge at hand.
Moving beyond the business case for female leaders: A longitudinal panel study of the impact of female leadership on corporate social responsibility
Authors: Tichenor John , Green Alan , West Jessica , Croom Randall
Published: August 2022

This article examines the impact of female leadership on corporate social responsibility (CSR) practices in publicly traded corporations. Our analysis finds that female leadership matters. For example, female leadership at the board level increases the likelihood of having a female CEO and the overall percentage of women executives in firms. The study measures CSR practices using the Thomson Reuters corporate responsibility ratings (TRCRR) from the Thomson Reuters ASSET4 database for 1242 firms over a 7‐year period, from 2009 to 2015. Panel regression estimates indicate that board gender diversity (BGD) has a positive impact on CSR, while two other measures of female leadership (presence of female CEO and percentage of female executives) were largely insignificant. We perform our analysis in the context of upper echelons theory and expand on recent studies of the impact of female leadership on CSR practices by using a different and a larger data set than previous research studies.
Health‐related quality of life in adolescents with cerebral palsy; a cross‐sectional and longitudinal population‐based study
Authors: Larsen Selma Mujezinović , Terjesen Terje , Jahnsen Reidun B. , Diseth Trond H. , Ramstad Kjersti
Published: August 2022

Aims

The aims of this population‐based cross‐sectional and longitudinal study were to investigate different aspects of health‐related quality of life (HRQoL) in adolescents with cerebral palsy (CP), to define possible changes in HRQoL from childhood to adolescence and to identify factors associated with low HRQoL in adolescence.

Methods

Proxy‐reports of 64 adolescents, aged 12–17 years, with bilateral CP in GMFCS levels III‐V participating in a surveillance programme, included five of the six domains from the HRQoL instrument Caregiver Priorities & Child Health Index of Life with Disabilities (CPCHILD): (1) Activities of Daily Living and Personal Care, (2) Positioning, Transfer and Mobility, (3) Comfort and Emotions, (5) General Health and (6) Overall Quality of Life, and the two questions on pain from the Child Health Questionnaire (CHQ). Fifty‐eight participants comprised the longitudinal sample.

Results

From childhood to adolescence, the mean CPCHILD domain scores decreased slightly in General Health and remained unchanged in the other four domains. In the domain General Health, the number of medications increased, which was the reason for the score decrease. Pain severity increased significantly. Severe motor impairment was associated with low scores in domains 1, 2, 3 and 5, and more severe pain with low scores in domains 2, 3, 5 and 6. A low domain score in childhood was associated with a low score in each corresponding domain in adolescence.

Interpretation

An assessment of HRQoL should be included in CP surveillance programmes because this could identify needs for interventions in individuals with severe CP. This study indicates the importance of improved pain management in both children and adolescents with severe CP.
Mechanical properties and marginal fit of prefabricated versus customized dental implant abutments: A comparative study
Authors: Ma Mingchen , Li Xuejing , Zou Liyan , He Jing , Zhao Baohong
Published: August 2022

Introduction

Dental implant abutments play an important role in the health and aesthetics of soft and hard tissues around implants.

Purpose

To compare mechanical properties and marginal fit of prefabricated and customized dental implant abutments and provide references to evaluate the relationship between abutment choice and clinical indications.

Methods

Titanium abutments were randomly divided into prefabricated and customized abutments. Static and dynamic loads were applied according to ISO14801:2016. Mechanical properties, including fracture strength, fatigue strength, rotational torque value, and torque loss rate, were measured. The biological properties of the implant abutments were assessed using an internal marginal fit. The samples were sliced, and the internal marginal fit was examined using a scanning electron microscope before and after cyclic loading. The length of the tight contact was calculated at the level of the conical connection, lower internal connection, and screw threads. Microleakage was evaluated by immersing the samples in 1% methylene blue and measuring the absorbance.

Results

The fracture strengths of the prefabricated abutments were greater than those of the customized abutments before and after cyclic loading. The average fatigue strengths of the prefabricated and customized abutments were 350 and 300 N, respectively. The removal torque loss of the customized abutments was significantly greater than that of the prefabricated abutments. Significant differences were found in conical connection before loading, while the screw threads showed substantial differences between the two groups after loading. Microleakage in the customized abutments was significantly higher than that in the prefabricated abutments before and after loading.

Conclusions

Prefabricated abutments showed superior mechanical and biological properties compared with customized abutments in vitro, suggesting a greater risk of mechanical and biological complications occurring with the use of customized abutments. This study provides a reference for the clinical selection of implant abutments.
Recommendation system using a deep learning and graph analysis approach
Authors: Kherad Mahdi , Bidgoly Amir Jalaly
Published: August 2022

When a user connects to the Internet to fulfill his needs, he often encounters a huge amount of related information. Recommender systems are the techniques for massively filtering information and offering the items that users find them satisfying and interesting. The advances in machine learning methods, especially deep learning, have led to great achievements in recommender systems, although these systems still suffer from challenges such as cold‐start and sparsity problems. To solve these problems, context information such as user communication network is usually used. In this article, we have proposed a novel recommendation method based on matrix factorization and graph analysis methods, namely Louvain for community detection and HITS for finding the most important node within the trust network. In addition, we leverage deep autoencoders to initialize users and items latent factors, and the Node2vec deep embedding method gathers users' latent factors from the user trust graph. The proposed method is implemented on Ciao and Epinions standard datasets. The experimental results and comparisons demonstrate that the proposed approach is superior to the existing state‐of‐the‐art recommendation methods. Our approach outperforms other comparative methods and achieves great improvements, that is, 15.56% RMSE improvement for Epinions and 18.41% RMSE improvement for Ciao.
HypothalamicHnscrregulates glucose balance by mediating central inflammation and insulin signal
Authors: Liu Ya , Guo Yi‐Fan , Peng Hui , Zhou Hai‐yan , Su Tian , Yang Mi , Guo Qi , Ye Xiao , Huang Yan , Jiang Tie‐Jian
Published: August 2022

Objectives

Hypothalamic dysfunction leads to glucose metabolic imbalance; however, the mechanisms still need clarification. Our current study was to explore the role of hypothalamicHnscrin glucose metabolism.

Materials and Methods

UsingHnscrknockout or htNSC‐specificHnscroverexpression mice, we evaluated the effects ofHnscron glucose metabolism through GTTs, ITTs, serum indicator measurements, etc. Immunofluorescence staining and Western blotting were performed to test inflammation levels and insulin signalling in hypothalamus. Conditioned medium intervene were used to investigate the effects of htNSCs on neuronal cell line. We also detected the glucose metabolism of mice with htNSCs implantation.

Results

Hnscrexpression decreased in the hypothalamus after high‐fat diet feed.Hnscr‐null mice displayed aggravated systematic insulin resistance, while mice with htNSC‐specificHnscroverexpression had the opposite phenotype. Notably,Hnscr‐null mice had increased NF‐κB signal in htNSCs, along with enhanced inflammation and damaged insulin signal in neurons located in arcuate nucleus of hypothalamus. The secretions, including sEVs, ofHnscr‐deficient htNSCs mediated the detrimental effects on the CNS cell line. Locally implantation withHnscr‐depleted htNSCs disrupted glucose homeostasis.

Conclusions

This study demonstrated that decreased Hnscr in htNSCs led to systematic glucose imbalance through activating NF‐κB signal and dampening insulin signal in hypothalamic neurons.
Aneurysmal bone cysts as a diagnostic consideration in juvenile patients: Considerations from humans and animals
Authors: Stewart Holly L.
Published: August 2022

Aneurysmal bone cysts are benign, locally aggressive bone lesions observed in both human and veterinary species, most frequently in a juvenile population. These lesions are now accepted to have a neoplastic aetiology, cause local pain and may result in secondary pathologic fractures. Advanced imaging modalities, such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging, are helpful in characterisation and diagnosis; however, biopsy and histopathology are required to definitively diagnose these lesions. Surgical excision of aneurysmal bone cysts is the most frequently reported treatment method; however, numerous other surgical and medical management strategies are reported across the human and veterinary literature. The limited number of published equine studies on aneurysmal bone cysts suggests that horses may have unique considerations in terms of location and associated morbidity that warrant further discussion.
An analysis and prediction model based on complex network time series
Authors: Zhang Wenting
Published: August 2022

At present, mainstream research on complex network evolution involves measuring the developing characteristics of network structure at the macro level. Few studies have focused on the internal mechanism of network structure change and the prediction of network structure evolution at the micro‐level. However, for some special complex network time series, the traditional analysis and research methods at the macro level are invalid, and the micro‐level analysis method needs to be adopted. Based on the evolution characteristics of nodes and edges in complex networks, this paper constructs a time series network analysis and prediction algorithm to explore the structural evolution trends of complex network time series and make a prediction. Based on the enterprise supply–demand relationship data, this paper constructs the enterprise supply–demand network time series. Then, we use the method proposed in this paper to analyse and predict the complex network time series and verify the rationality and feasibility of the proposed method.
Contrasting temperature effects on the velocity of early‐ versus late‐stage vegetation green‐up in the Northern Hemisphere
Authors: Hong Songbai , Zhang Yichen , Yao Yitong , Meng Fandong , Zhao Qian , Zhang Yao
Published: August 2022

Global vegetation greening has been widely confirmed in previous studies, yet the changes in the velocity of green‐up in each month of green‐up period (GUP) remains unclear. Here, we defined the velocity of vegetation green‐up as VNDVI (the monthly increase of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index [NDVI] during GUP) and further explored its response to climate change in middle‐high‐latitude Northern Hemisphere. We found that in early GUP, VNDVI generally showed positive trends from 1982 to 2015, whereas in late GUP, it showed negative trends in most areas. Such contrasting trends were mainly due to a positive temperature effect on VNDVI in early GUP, but this effect turned negative in late GUP. The increase of soil moisture also in part explained the accelerated vegetation green‐up, especially in the arid and semi‐arid ecosystems of inland areas. Our analyses also indicate that the first month of the GUP was the key stage impacting vegetation greenness in summer. Future warming may continuously speed up the early growth of vegetation, altering the seasonal trajectory of vegetation and its feedbacks to the Earth system.
Fission yeast Ish1 and Les1 interact with each other in the lumen of the nuclear envelope
Authors: Asakawa Haruhiko , Hirano Yasuhiro , Shindo Tomoko , Haraguchi Tokuko , Hiraoka Yasushi
Published: August 2022

The nuclear envelope (NE) provides a permeable barrier that separates the eukaryotic genome from the cytoplasm. NE is a double membrane composed of inner and outer nuclear membranes. Ish1 is a stress‐responsive NE protein in the fission yeast, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Les1 is another NE protein that shares several similar domains with Ish1, but the relationship between them remains unknown. In this study, using fluorescence and electron microscopy, we found that most regions of these proteins were localized within the NE lumen. We also found that Ish1 interacted with Les1 via its C‐terminal region in the NE lumen and that the NE localization of Ish1 depended on the C‐terminal region of Les1. Ish1 and Les1 were co‐localized at the NE in interphase cells, but when the nucleus divided at the end of mitosis (closed mitosis), they showed distinguishable localization at the midzone membrane domain. These results suggest the regulated interaction between Ish1 and Les1 in the NE lumen, although this interaction does not appear to be essential for cell survival.
A COMPARISON OF LIVING STANDARDS ACROSS THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
Authors: Falcettoni Elena , Nygaard Vegard M.
Published: August 2022

We use an expected utility model to examine how living standards, or welfare, vary across the United States and how each state's welfare has evolved over time, accounting for cross‐state variations in mortality, consumption, education, leisure, and inequality. We find considerable cross‐state heterogeneity in welfare levels. This is robust to allowing for endogenous interstate migration and to computing welfare conditional on education, gender, and race. Although states experienced heterogeneous welfare growth rates between 1999 and 2015 (1.68–3.73% per year), there is no evidence of convergence in welfare levels, including during the subperiods preceding and following the Great Recession.
Does the emotional design of scaffolds enhance learning and motivational outcomes in game‐based learning?
Authors: Koskinen Antti , McMullen Jake , Ninaus Manuel , Kiili Kristian
Published: August 2022

Background

In recent years, the importance of emotions in learning has been increasingly recognized. Applying emotional design to induce positive emotions has been considered a means to enhance the instructional effectiveness of digital learning environments. However, only a few studies have examined the specific effects of emotional design in game‐based learning.

Objectives

This quasi‐experimental study utilized a value‐added research approach to investigate whether emotional design applied to scaffolding in a game‐based learning environment improves learning and motivational outcomes more than emotionally neutral scaffolding.

Methods

A total of 138 participants, mean age of 11.5 (SD = 0.73) participated in the study. A total of 68 participants played the base version of a fraction learning game (Number Trace), where scaffolding was provided with emotionally neutral mathematical notations, and 70 participants played the value‐added version of the game using emotionally designed animated scaffolding agents. Pre‐and post‐tests were used to measure conceptual fraction knowledge and self‐reported measures of situational interest and situational self‐efficacy to evaluate motivational outcomes.

Results and Conclusions

Our results indicate that the emotional design applied to scaffolds can improve the educational value of a game‐based learning environment by enhancing players' situational interest and situational self‐efficacy. However, although the intervention improved the participants' conceptual fraction knowledge, there was no significant difference between the scaffolding conditions in participants' learning outcomes.

Takeaways

The results suggest that emotional design can increase the educational impact of game‐based learning by promoting the development of interest, as well as improving self‐efficacy.
Towards the phylogenetic placement of the enigmatic African genus Prolabeops Schultz, 1941
Authors: Schedel Frederic D. B. , Musilova Zuzana , Indermaur Adrian , Bitja‐Nyom Arnold Roger , Salzburger Walter , Schliewen Ulrich K.
Published: August 2022

The small cyprinid genus Prolabeops Schultz, 1941 is restricted to the Nyong and Sanaga River systems in Cameroon. In the past, the genus had been suggested to be either a member of the Labeoninae, Torinae or the Smiliogastrinae mainly on the basis of morphological similarities, and it is nowadays considered as incertae sedis within the Cypriniformes. This study provides the first attempt to reveal the phylogenetic position of Prolabeops using molecular data. For this purpose, the authors sequenced a large fraction of the mitochondrial genome (c. 13,600 bp), including all mitochondrial protein coding genes, of two Prolabeops melanhypopterus specimens and an additional four Enteromius specimens. The large‐scale phylogenetic analysis was based on an alignment including all mitochondrial protein coding genes of 902 specimens representing c. 899 cypriniform species. Prolabeops was clearly recovered within the African Smiliogastrinae, forming a weakly supported clade together with Enteromius jae, Enteromius hulstaerti and Barboides gracilis. The study data underline the urgent need of a thorough taxonomic revision of the small African barbs collectively placed in the genus Enteromius.
Aggregation bias and its drivers in large‐scale flood loss estimation: A Massachusetts case study
Authors: Pollack Adam B. , Sue Wing Ian , Nolte Christoph
Published: August 2022

Large‐scale estimations of flood losses are often based on spatially aggregated inputs. This makes risk assessments vulnerable to aggregation bias, a well‐studied, sometimes substantial outcome in analyses that model fine‐grained spatial phenomena at coarse spatial units. To evaluate this potential in the context of large‐scale flood risk assessments, we use data from a high‐resolution flood hazard model and structure inventory for over 1.3 million properties in Massachusetts and examine how prominent data aggregation approaches affect the magnitude and spatial distribution of flood loss estimates. All considered aggregation approaches rely on aggregate structure inventories but differ in whether flood hazard is also aggregated. We find that aggregating only structure inventories slightly underestimates overall losses (−10% bias), and when flood hazard data is spatially aggregated to even relatively small spatial units (census block), statewide aggregation bias can reach +366%. All aggregation‐based procedures fail to capture the spatial covariation of inputs distributions in the upper tails that disproportionately generate total expected losses. Our findings are robust to several key assumptions, add important context to published risk assessments and highlight opportunities to improve flood loss estimation uncertainty quantification.
Synthesising existing research on complicated grief in intellectual disability: findings from a systematic review
Authors: O'Riordan D. , Boland G. , Guerin S. , Dodd P.
Published: August 2022

Background

Complicated grief has been identified as a phenomenon in the general population, and there is an increasing body of research investigating complicated grief in people with intellectual disability. The aim of this study is to synthesise this existing knowledge from research published between 1999 and 2022.

Methods

A structured systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was conducted, which searched three commonly used databases (Medline, PsycINFO and CINAHL) for research on the topic of bereavement and intellectual disability. The articles identified in this search were screened to identify those that addressed the issue of ‘complicated grief’, with all abstracts and subsequent full texts reviewed by two researchers.

Results

In total, 179 abstracts were initially identified, with 34 articles eligible for full text screening and 18 papers reaching criteria for inclusion. Data relating to the studies' objectives were extracted under the headings of definition, defining principles, signs and symptoms, risk factors and treatments for complicated grief in intellectual disability. Thematic analysis of the extracted data was performed to identify key themes.

Conclusions

This review highlights that people with intellectual disability are likely to experience complicated grief reactions and that complicated grief is both underestimated and a clinically significant condition for people with intellectual disability. Future research should work to clarify diagnostic criteria and identify appropriate interventions.
Out of Bounds: Do SPF Respondents Have Anchored Inflation Expectations?
Authors: BINDER CAROLA , JANSON WESLEY , VERBRUGGE RANDAL
Published: August 2022

Since the Federal Open Market Committee announced a 2% inflation target in 2012, the median long‐run inflation forecast of professional forecasters has been near target. We show, however, that most individual forecasters' long‐run inflation expectations fluctuate substantially, with sizeable departures from target. We propose a new “bounds anchoring” indicator based on deviations of individuals' long‐run forecasts from target. This indicator sheds new light on gradual changes in expectations since the 2012 announcement. We find that bounds anchoring gradually strengthened in the years following the target announcement, but that this trend has recently started to reverse.
The Time‐Varying Response of Hours Worked to a Productivity Shock
Authors: LI HUACHEN
Published: August 2022

This paper revisits the dynamic response of hours worked to a total factor productivity (TFP) shock. I estimate a structural vector autoregression that includes time‐varying parameters and stochastic volatility. The estimation produces structural parameters that are consistent with the long‐run identification. The impulse response functions of hours worked to a TFP shock are negative on impact and at the business cycle horizons. This is evidence that Galí (1999) would interpret as supporting new Keynesian theory. My results also show that TFP shocks are the dominant source of variation in average labor productivity. Structural changes in the U.S. economy play an important role in the TFP–hours worked relationship.
Fostering telecompetence: A descriptive evaluation of clinical psychology predoctoral internship and postdoctoral fellowship implementation of telehealth education
Authors: Perle Jonathan G. , Perle Alexandria R. , Scarisbrick David M. , Mahoney James J.
Published: August 2022

Purpose

Telehealth education within clinical psychology predoctoral internships and postdoctoral fellowships has become a frequent recommendation designed to prepare future providers with evidence‐informed telehealth skills that can be applied to rural populations. Unfortunately, the availability of telehealth training among internships and fellowships, as well as areas for growth, remains unclear. Thus, the current study evaluated graduate clinical psychology internship and fellowship integration of telehealth training components before and after the onset of COVID‐19.

Methods

Individuals representing 74 internships and 29 fellowships completed author‐created REDCap‐hosted demographic and telehealth training surveys.

Findings

Before COVID‐19, 2 internships and 4 fellowships reported implementing telehealth education, with a majority of materials for both types of programs being optional educational targets and generally encompassing 0‐15 hours of student education. After the onset of COVID‐19, 72 internships and 27 fellowships indicated implementing telehealth education, with a majority indicating materials as mandatory and encompassing between 0 and 50+ hours. Despite increases, 73.6% of internship programs and 62.1% of fellowship programs noted a desire for their students to receive additional telehealth education in the future. Integrated educational foci are discussed.

Conclusions

The current study demonstrated positive trends in the development of telehealth education among internships and fellowships. Nevertheless, some programs can likely benefit from additional integration of telehealth components, as well as more formal programming built around field‐supported competencies and models. While work is required to further clarify field offerings, the current study provided a preliminary evaluation of internship and fellowship telehealth educational offerings.
For the future and from afar: Psychological distance and inventory decision‐making
Authors: Kirshner Samuel N. , Moritz Brent B.
Published: August 2022

Determining inventory ahead of knowing customer demand is a crucial decision for many businesses. Although it is possible to select the ideal order quantity given the costs of over and undersupplying demand, prior research demonstrates that decision‐makers consistently make suboptimal inventory choices. Drawing on construal level theory and psychological distance, this paper explores how differences in the spatial distance (suppliers that are geographically near or far) and temporal distance (short or long lead time from order to receipt) impact newsvendor decision‐making. Across four experiments ( N = 663), we find that a far psychological distance increases order quantities, which improves performance for high‐margin products but results in added costs for low‐margin goods. Given that spatial and temporal distances occur naturally in supply chains, our research shows that psychological distance is a cognitive explanation for biased inventory ordering and can be applied to improve decision‐making.
Evaluation of the theoretical risk of cross‐reactivity among recently identified food allergens for dogs
Authors: Olivry Thierry , O'Malley Andrea , Chruszcz Maksymilian
Published: August 2022

Background

There is increasing evidence of cross‐reactivity between allergens of close or distant species. The A‐RISC (Allergens'–Relative Identity, Similarity and Cross‐reactivity) index helps evaluate the risk of theoretical cross‐reactivity between proteins of the same family among different species.

Objectives

To report the A‐RISC indices for several food allergens of dogs between multiple food sources.

Materials and Methods

We selected several recently characterised food allergens for dogs from fish and chicken (ACTA1, ALDOA, CKM, ENO3, GAPDH, PKM and TPI1), fish (TPM1/2), beef/lamb (PGM1) and corn/potato (WAXY). When quality sequence data were available, A‐RISC indices were calculated between multiple animal and plant species that can be used as food sources. For the TPM subunits, A‐RISC indices also were calculated with the environmental allergens Bla g 4 and Der f 10, and the Toxocara canis nematode.

Results

The A‐RISC indices suggest a substantial theoretical risk of cross‐reactivity between species for all allergens considered. For TPM, this risk also extends to the environmental and nematode allergens.

Conclusions and clinical relevance

There is a high theoretical risk of cross‐reactivity between allergens of different species used as food sources. The clinical relevance of these elevated A‐RISC indices should be studied further.
Protein kinase C‐mediated phosphorylation of transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 Thr738 counteracts the effect of cytosolic Ca2+ and elevates the temperature threshold
Authors: Kashio Makiko , Masubuchi Satoru , Tominaga Makoto
Published: August 2022

The transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) channel is a non‐selective cation channel that has high Ca2+ permeability. TRPM2 is sensitive to warm temperatures and is expressed in cells and tissues that are maintained at core body temperature. TRPM2 activity is also regulated by endogenous factors including redox signalling, cytosolic Ca2+ and adenosine diphosphate ribose. As a result of its wide expression and function at core body temperature, these endogenous factors could regulate TRPM2 activity at body temperature under physiological and pathophysiological conditions. We previously reported that cellular redox signalling can lower TRPM2 temperature thresholds, although the mechanism that regulates these thresholds is unclear. Here, we used biochemical and electrophysiological techniques to explore another regulatory mechanism for TRPM2 temperature thresholds that is mediated by TRPM2 phosphorylation. Our results show that: (1) the temperature threshold for TRPM2 activation is lowered by cytosolic Ca2+; (2) protein kinase C‐mediated phosphorylation of TRPM2 counteracts the effect of cytosolic Ca2+; and (3) Thr738 in mouse TRPM2 that lies near the Ca2+ binding site in the cytosolic cleft of the transmembrane domain is a potential phosphorylation site that may be involved in phosphorylation‐mediated elevation of TRPM2 thresholds. These findings provide structure‐based evidence to understand how temperature thresholds of thermo‐sensitive TRP channels (thermo‐TRPs) are determined and regulated.

image

Key points

The transient receptor potential melastatin type 2 (TRPM2) ion channel is temperature‐sensitive and Ca2+‐permeable.

Endogenous factors and pathways such as redox signalling can regulate TRPM2 activity at body temperature under physiological and pathophysiological conditions.

In the present study, we report the novel finding that cytosolic Ca2+ lowers the temperature threshold for TRPM2 activation in a concentration‐dependent manner.

Protein kinase C‐mediated phosphorylation of TRPM2 at amino acid Thr782 elevates the temperature threshold for activation by counteracting the effects of cytosolic Ca2+.

These findings provide structure‐based evidence to understand how temperature thresholds of thermo‐sensitive TRP channels are determined and regulated.
Transformación digital en tiempos de crisis
Authors: González Rafael A. , López-Cruz Orlando
Published: August 2022

La transformación digital es un fenómeno reciente, aunque se enmarca en lógicas de desarrollo tecnológico anteriores. De una parte, y sobre todo con el crecimiento de ciertas tecnologías digitales en los últimos años (inteligencia artificial, analítica de macrodatos, Internet de las Cosas, realidad virtual y aumentada, entre otras) se ha presentado como una oportunidad para que las organizaciones, los países y la humanidad en su conjunto, se transformen positivamente apalancados por nuevas tecnologías que les abra caminos, mercados e interacciones en los nuevos entornos y ecosistemas digitales. De otra parte, puede verse como una necesidad ante la cual no adoptar o no adaptarse puede implicar la desaparición u obsolescencia de empleos, empresas e incluso expresiones culturales. Lo anterior se ve exacerbado cuando lo enmarcamos en contextos de crisis: emergencias de salud pública, catástrofes climáticas, descalabros financieros, conflictos armados y demás. Estas crisis pueden restringir los campos de acción, pero al mismo tiempo pueden aumentar la motivación, el compromiso y la velocidad del cambio.
Dynamic ultrasound imaging and guidance for pectoral nerve block in the management of arterial thoracic outlet syndrome
Authors: Wu Wei-Ting , Chang Ke-Vin , Ozcakar Levent
Published: August 2022

.