bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Life before limb: What about life after limb loss? A perspective from a low middle class income country: A Surgical Perspective
Authors: Siddiqui Nadeem Ahmed , Pirzada Ammar , Virji Safna Naozer
Published: May 2023

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7038

How to cite this: Siddiqui NA, Pirzada A, Virji SN. Life before limb: What about life after limb loss? A perspective from a low middle class income country: A Surgical Perspective. Pak J Med Sci. 2023;39(4):---------. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.39.4.7038

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
COVID-19 prevention efforts at Al-Zahraa University in the eyes of the students: A cross-sectional study from Iraq
Authors: Al-Kazzaz Hassan
Published: May 2023

Background: For institutions in Iraq, the new coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has become a problem. In terms of the dissemination of COVID-19, Al Zahraa University is particularly risky due to the presence of susceptible, high-risk populations there.

Methods: A total of 182 undergraduates at the Health and Medical Technology College took part. A cross-sectional, questionnaire-based study was done to evaluate the COVID-19 preventative measures for students at Al-Zahra University for Women. The study questionnaire received a 100% response rate, and the data were collected and analyzed.

Results: It showed that of the participants, 53 (29.1%) were 20 years old, and 151 (82.9%) lived in Karbala. 120 (65.9%) students did not think the university applied preventive measures against COVID-19, and 94 (52%) thought the university ensured mask-wearing on campus. Regarding social distancing, 161 (88.4%) believed it was not enforced. 158 (86.8%) and 116 (63.7%) of the participants, respectively, thought that there were no preventive measures against Covid-19 in the campus cafeteria or no preventive measures when using university transportation.

Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, Al-Zahraa University's execution of prevention and control measures were weak. Interventions are urgently needed to improve the effectiveness of its preventive measures. The inadequacy of COVID-19 safety measures highlights the need for national guidance.
Evidence-Based and Professional Judgment in Auditing
Authors: Guttsayt E.
Published: May 2023

The article proposes and substantiates new formulations of the concepts of professional and evidence-based judgment. The concept of the application of such judgments when working with numerical estimates is developed. The usefulness of using the method of expert assessments in the audit is shown. Time series are built — in current and comparable prices — of average revenues for audits for audit organizations in general and in three sections: large-scale, regional, type of economic entities. Considered — both in general terms and with examples — the possibility of using the constructed time series through a combination of professional and evidence-based judgments when making various decisions in the audit. Suggestions for improving this combination are formulated. Th e possibility of combining professional and evidence-based judgments in assessing audit risks and in determining the size of audit samples is shown.
Driven by Market Demands and Law Enforcement Experience
Authors: Smirnov E.
Published: May 2023

The Russian Parliament continues to steadily improve financial legislation, taking into account the requirements of the times, market demands and law enforcement experience. Recently, the list of new legislative acts adopted on this basis was supplemented, in particular, by Federal Law No. 330-FZ of July 14, 2022 and Federal Law No. 561-FZ of December 28, 2022.
Important points of reporting of commercial organizations
Authors: Krishtaleva Taisiya
Published: May 2023

Th e article is devoted to the procedure for the formation of fi nancial statements for 2022, taking into account the new FSBU 6/2020 «Fixed assets», FSBU 26/2020 «Capital investments», FSBU 25/2018 «Accounting for rent», FSBU 5/2019 «Reserves»
Safety and Modern Compulsory Insurance of Drivers’ Civil Liability (CTP): Social Aspect
Authors: Skubriy E. , Mel'nichuk I.
Published: May 2023

Th e article summarizes the issues of safety on the roads of Russia and the need to comply with the country’s legislation on drivers’ insurance of their liability for violations of traffic rules that led to tra ffi c accidents that caused the death of people and damage to citizens’ property. Some directions are proposed to change the situation with safety on the roads of Russia.
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: diagnosis and treatment
Authors: Zdybel Michał , Sowiński Wojciech , Strzoda Adam , Kamińska Magdalena , Strzoda Anna , Strzoda Agata , Juda Agata , Rojek Kornelia
Published: May 2023

Introduction and purpose of the work:
The mechanism of gastroesophageal reflux disease depends on reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of reduced tone of the lower esophageal sphincter. It presents itself in the form of symptoms coming from the esophagus, e.g. heartburn, as well as from outside of it. The aim of this paper is to collect and present current knowledge on gastroesophageal reflux disease as well as diagnosis and treatment through a review of the available literature. 
 
Brief description of the state of the art: 
Gastroesophageal reflux disease affects 18.1 - 27.8% of the US population and 8.8 - 25.9% of the European population. It is defined as the presence of troublesome symptoms or complications of reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus. The etiology consists of many factors, such as improper diet, and low physical activity. The disease can manifest itself with symptoms from and outside the esophagus. Diagnosis is based primarily on the history, and in the presence of typical symptoms, therapy with proton pump inhibitors is initiated. Endoscopy and reflux measurement is used when there is no response to pharmacotherapy. The basic drugs are proton pump inhibitors, other drugs are complementary to the basic therapy. A lifestyle change is also recommended. Surgical treatment is an alternative, but it may not be a permanent solution. Other treatments include endoscopic incisionless fundoplication and radiofrequency treatment of the lower esophageal sphincter. 
 
Summary: 
Diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease begins with an interview with the patient and empirical pharmacotherapy. If treatment is ineffective, endoscopy and pH measurement are performed. Proton pump inhibitors are the most effective drugs in the treatment of the disease, other drugs are used as a supplement. Surgical and endoscopic procedures are an alternative to chronic pharmacotherapy.
Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder From the theory to the clinical approach
Authors: Maciejewska Danuta , Kapłon Kamil , Wojtala Laura , Pawlak Weronika , Pawłocik Weronika , Dudkiewicz Michalina
Published: May 2023

Mental state of women during their reproductive age fluctuates with the changes in menstrual cycle phases. However, only some of them develop psychiatric disorders. The aim of the study is to present the importance of Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder as important diseases at the edge of gynecology and psychiatry. Many symptoms classified as premenstrual have been described in the literature. Mood swings turn out to be the most important psychological symptom of the disorders whereas bloating is a common somatic manifestation. Despite some difficulties in the establishment of the exact cause, diagnostic criteria for both have been developed and are the basis on which the clinician makes a final diagnosis. The paper also describes the current state of knowledge about the treatment of Premenstrual Syndrome and Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder. The continuous increase in the importance of non-pharmacological methods such as lifestyle changes and cognitive-behavioral therapy was emphasized. Manners of pharmacological treatment were also described, including SSRIs and hormonal drugs, which should be selected individually, depending on the characteristics of the clinical picture.
Internalization of Islamic Values in Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools
Authors: Suyatno Suyatno , Wantini Wantini , Ahmadong Ahmadong , Khosiin Khamam , Samaalee Abdunrorma
Published: May 2023

Muhammadiyah School is one of the largest and oldest private schools that influences the Islamic pattern of Indonesian society.  In organizing education, Muhammadiyah uses Islamic core values of progress, namely a Manhaj, in understanding Islamic teachings that are responsive to the progress of the times. This study aims to explore strategies carried out by teachers in internalizing Islamic values in students. The data was collected through semi-structured interviews with 10 teachers in five Muhammadiyah Elementary Schools in Yogyakarta. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis data. The results showed that Islamic values are promoted to be internalized by students through making teachers role models, integrating into school culture, integrating into general subjects, and cooperation between schools and parents. The research findings highlight the importance of involving various components in instilling Islamic values in schools.
School Based Management System At Utama Widya Pasraman Astika Dharma Karangasem
Authors: Sudiarta I Wayan , Winaja I Wayan , Indiani Ni Made
Published: May 2023

Utama Widya Pasraman Astika Dharma Karangasem is a Hindu religious education unit for high school education, according to Minister of Religion Regulation Number 10 of 2020 concerning Hindu Religious Education. The problems faced are not having their dapodik (primary educational data) house, still joining dapodik from the Ministry of Education and Culture, government assistance is not maximized, the community still considering formal pasraman as nonformal institutions such as weekly pasraman, some people thinking pasraman graduates cannot continue their studies at public tertiary institutions. This study aims to explore and analyze the School-Based Management System at Utama Widya Pasraman Astika Dharma Karangasem, so that later it can contribute to efforts to manage Pasraman. The method used is qualitative, with data analysis consisting of domain analysis, taxonomy, componential, and cultural themes. The study results show that the School Based Management System is applied according to input, process, and output characteristics. In full management implementation, community leaders are involved in improving the quality of education at Utama Widya Pasraman Astika Dharma Karangasem.
Principles of the Professional Nurse Advocate and A-EQUIP Model to Improve Health Visitors’ Wellbeing
Authors: Jennison Lisa , Walker Jayne
Published: May 2023

This review explores the current literature and the complex challenges faced by the health visiting workforce. The A-EQUIP model and the implementation of the professional nurse advocate role for nurses is investigated
A Global Profession
Authors: Oldman Crystal
Published: May 2023

Becoming outward focused is hard to do when the pressures of work are unprecedented. However, the joy of sharing and learning can be uplifting, says Crystal Oldman
Drug Breakdown: Minoxidil
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: May 2023

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of tweets. This month she is talking about #minoxidil
The impact of COVID-19 on sexual health services in the UK
Authors: Duncan Deborah
Published: May 2023

It has been challenging for nurses working in sexual and reproductive health services in the UK due to the significant organisational changes in the past decade. The COVID-19 pandemic led to more challenges at a global level for staff and clients, including redeployment of staff, the closing of specialist clinics and lack of access for those at risk of sexually transmitted infection on a global scale. Despite the pandemic lockdowns, people did not stop engaging in sexual activity, highlighting the importance of ensuring availability of sexual and reproductive health services, and possible increases in rates of infection. There is a need to evaluate the existing service and explore how we can deliver accessible, equitable and high-quality sexual health services in the future.
Refinement of von Neumann-type inequalities on product Eaton triples
Authors: Niezgoda Marek
Published: May 2023

In this paper, a von Neumann-type inequality is studied on an Eaton triple $ (V,G,D) $, where $ V $ is a real inner product space, $ G $ is a compact subgroup of the orthogonal group $ O (V) $, and $ D \subset V $ is a closed convex cone. By using an inner structure of an Eaton triple, a refinement of this inequality is shown. In the special case $ G = O ( V ) $, a refinement of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality is obtained.
Systems biology elucidates the distinctive metabolic niche filled by the human gut microbe Eggerthella lenta
Authors: Noecker Cecilia , Sanchez Juan , Bisanz Jordan E. , Escalante Veronica , Alexander Margaret , Trepka Kai , Heinken Almut , Liu Yuanyuan , Dodd Dylan , Thiele Ines , DeFelice Brian C. , Turnbaugh Peter J.
Published: May 2023

Human gut bacteria perform diverse metabolic functions with consequences for host health. The prevalent and disease-linked Actinobacterium Eggerthella lenta performs several unusual chemical transformations, but it does not metabolize sugars and its core growth strategy remains unclear. To obtain a comprehensive view of the metabolic network of E. lenta, we generated several complementary resources: defined culture media, metabolomics profiles of strain isolates, and a curated genome-scale metabolic reconstruction. Stable isotope-resolved metabolomics revealed that E. lenta uses acetate as a key carbon source while catabolizing arginine to generate ATP, traits which could be recapitulated in silico by our updated metabolic model. We compared these in vitro findings with metabolite shifts observed in E. lenta-colonized gnotobiotic mice, identifying shared signatures across environments and highlighting catabolism of the host signaling metabolite agmatine as an alternative energy pathway. Together, our results elucidate a distinctive metabolic niche filled by E. lenta in the gut ecosystem. Our culture media formulations, atlas of metabolomics data, and genome-scale metabolic reconstructions form a freely available collection of resources to support further study of the biology of this prevalent gut bacterium.
The mortality burden of extreme heat in Connecticut: A time series analysis
Authors: Goddard Emily , Lin Chengyi , Ma Yiqun , Chen Kai
Published: May 2023

Local epidemiological evidence is imperative for making state and regional policy decisions addressing climate change, especially considering geographic variability in temperature and acclimatization. While the health impacts of extreme heat have been quantified in broad contexts, greater research is needed to provide accurate and precise health impact estimates on local scales where climate action is likely. The re-establishment of Connecticut’s Governor’s Council on Climate Change and its formation of an Office of Climate Change and Public Health demonstrate Connecticut’s commitment to and readiness for climate change planning and adaptation. Using data on daily all-cause mortality and average temperature across Connecticut during the warm season from 2005–2016, we estimated the total mortality burden of extreme heat (defined as temperatures above the 90th percentile, 24.7°C, and 99th percentile, 27.4°C during the warm season) in Connecticut compared to the reference temperature (41.5th percentile, 18.9°C). We conducted a time-series analysis using a generalized linear model with a quasi-Poisson regression, adjusting for the day of the week, holidays, and long-term trend. We found a statistically significant positive association between extreme heat and all-cause mortality, with a relative risk of 1.021 (95% CI: 1.002,1.041) at the 90th warm season temperature percentile and 1.039 (95% CI: 1.009,1.071) at the 99th warm season temperature percentile. We estimated that 31 deaths or 0.28% of all warm season deaths (95% eCI: 9, 53 or 0.08%, 0.48%) were attributable to extreme heat above the 90th warm season temperature percentile in Connecticut each year, more than five times what is reported in the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study. These results support state-wide action to mitigate the negative health effects of extreme heat and further research to understand the specific causes behind and modifiers of heat-related mortality in localized contexts in Connecticut and elsewhere.
Changing course: Glucose starvation drives nuclear accumulation of Hexokinase 2 in S. cerevisiae
Authors: Lesko Mitchell A. , Chandrashekarappa Dakshayini G. , Jordahl Eric M. , Oppenheimer Katherine G. , Bowman Ray W. , Shang Chaowei , Durrant Jacob D. , Schmidt Martin C. , O’Donnell Allyson F.
Published: May 2023

Glucose is the preferred carbon source for most eukaryotes, and the first step in its metabolism is phosphorylation to glucose-6-phosphate. This reaction is catalyzed by hexokinases or glucokinases. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes three such enzymes, Hxk1, Hxk2, and Glk1. In yeast and mammals, some isoforms of this enzyme are found in the nucleus, suggesting a possible moonlighting function beyond glucose phosphorylation. In contrast to mammalian hexokinases, yeast Hxk2 has been proposed to shuttle into the nucleus in glucose-replete conditions, where it reportedly moonlights as part of a glucose-repressive transcriptional complex. To achieve its role in glucose repression, Hxk2 reportedly binds the Mig1 transcriptional repressor, is dephosphorylated at serine 15 and requires an N-terminal nuclear localization sequence (NLS).

We used high-resolution, quantitative, fluorescent microscopy of live cells to determine the conditions, residues, and regulatory proteins required for Hxk2 nuclear localization. Countering previous yeast studies, we find that Hxk2 is largely excluded from the nucleus under glucose-replete conditions but is retained in the nucleus under glucose-limiting conditions. We find that the Hxk2 N-terminus does not contain an NLS but instead is necessary for nuclear exclusion and regulating multimerization. Amino acid substitutions of the phosphorylated residue, serine 15, disrupt Hxk2 dimerization but have no effect on its glucose-regulated nuclear localization. Alanine substation at nearby lysine 13 affects dimerization and maintenance of nuclear exclusion in glucose-replete conditions. Modeling and simulation provide insight into the molecular mechanisms of this regulation. In contrast to earlier studies, we find that the transcriptional repressor Mig1 and the protein kinase Snf1 have little effect on Hxk2 localization. Instead, the protein kinase Tda1 regulates Hxk2 localization.

RNAseq analyses of the yeast transcriptome dispels the idea that Hxk2 moonlights as a transcriptional regulator of glucose repression, demonstrating that Hxk2 has a negligible role in transcriptional regulation in both glucose-replete and limiting conditions. Our studies define a new model of cis- and trans-acting regulators of Hxk2 dimerization and nuclear localization. Based on our data, the nuclear translocation of Hxk2 in yeast occurs in glucose starvation conditions, which aligns well with the nuclear regulation of mammalian orthologs. Our results lay the foundation for future studies of Hxk2 nuclear activity.
Patterns of orthopedic and trauma admissions to a tertiary teaching and referral health facility in Kenya: Chart review
Authors: Omondi Maxwell Philip , Mwangi Joseph Chege , Sitati Fred Chuma , Onga’ngo Herbert
Published: May 2023

Tertiary hospitals in resource-limited countries should treat referred patients but in reality, are the first level of care for the vast majority of patients. As a result, the tertiary facility effectively functions as a primary health care facility. The urban phenomenon of widespread self-referral is associated with low rates of formal referral from peripheral health facilities. The study objective was to determine the patterns of orthopaedic and trauma admissions to Kenyatta National Hospital. This was descriptive study design. 905 patient charts were reviewed in 2021. The mean age was 33.8 years (SD 16.5) with range of 1–93 years. Majority 66.3% were between 25–64 years with those above 65 years being 40 (4.4%). Children 0–14 years comprised 10.9% of the admissions. Of the 905 admissions, 80.7% were accident and trauma-related admissions while 17.1% were non-trauma related admissions. About 50.1% were facility referrals while 49.9% were walk-ins. Majority of admissions were through Accident and Emergency Department 78.1%, Corporate Outpatient Care 14.9% and orthopedic Clinic 7.0%. About 78.7% were emergency admissions while 20.8% were elective admissions. Approximately 48.5% were due to Road Traffic Accidents and 20.9% due to falls. Close to 44.8% were casual workers and 20.2% unemployed. About 34.0% attained primary education and 35.0% secondary education. About 33.2% of female admissions were due to non-trauma conditions as compared to male admissions (12.8%) (p<0.001). Admissions for those aged 25–64 years were 3.5 more likely to have emergency admission as compared to those aged 0–14 years. Male were 65.1% less likely to have elective admissions compared to female (p<0.001). Whereas lower limb injuries and non-trauma related conditions were the most commonly admitted conditions, Lower limb injury and spine cases were mostly facility referred while non-trauma conditions were walk-in patients. Vast majority (89.2%) of admissions were from Nairobi Metropolitan region.
Challenges in accessing health care and socio-protection services among children living and working in streets in northwestern Tanzania: A qualitative study
Authors: Solile Lilian , Nyanza Elias C. , Mwanga Joseph R. , Shangali Dorice L.
Published: May 2023

The escalating number of Children Living and Working in Streets (CLWS) in Tanzania has become one of the neglected Public Health issues. It is of more concern that, most of the CLWS hardly have access to health care and socio-protection services as a result, increase their vulnerability to infections and engagement in risky behaviors such as early unprotected sex. Currently, efforts by Civil Society Organizations (CSOs) to work with and assist CLWS in Tanzania are promising. To explore the role of CSOs, preventing barriers and existing opportunities in enhancing the access to health care and socio-protection services among CLWS in Mwanza city, northwestern Tanzania. A phenomenological approach was used to explore a full understanding of the individual, organizational, and social context factors on the role, prevailing barriers, and opportunities CSOs play in enhancing access to health care services and socio-protection among CLWS. Majority of CLWS were males, rape was commonly reported among CLWS. Individual CSOs are involved in resources mobilization, provision of basic life skills, education on self-protection, and mobilization of health care services to CLWS who depend on donations from public passersby. Some CSOs went as far as to develop community-based initiatives that give CLWS and home-bound children, access to health care and protection services. Older CLWS sometimes compromise the young ones from getting proper health care services by taking and/or sharing medication prescribed to them. This could be leading to incomplete dosing when ill. Moreover, health care workers were reported to have negative attitudes towards CLWS. Limited access to health and social protection services put CLWS lives at risk, calling for immediate intervention. Self-medication and incomplete dosage are a norm among this marginalized and unprotected population. Individual Civil Society Organizations attempt to address the needs of CLWS with a lot of barriers from the community and the health care system. It is time for the CSOs attempting to assist the CLWS to get support from the authorities and other people to aid this vulnerable population.
Does high-speed rail stimulate university technology transfer? evidence from China
Authors: Wu Xiao , Luo Haohan , Wu Ying
Published: May 2023

Prior studies ignore the impact of infrastructure on university technology transfer. High-speed rail, China’s most significant infrastructure, has played an essential role in the economy and society. Using high-speed railway construction as a quasi-experiment and a large sample of Chinese universities for the 2007–2017 period, we investigate the impact of high-speed rail on university technology transfer. We provide extensive evidence that high-speed rail has a positive effect on university technology transfer. The finding remains valid after a battery of robustness tests. Mechanism tests find that high-speed rail can improve university technology transfer by promoting the interaction between universities and enterprises and improving enterprises’ technology demand for universities. Further analysis shows that better intellectual property protection strengthens the effect of high-speed rail on university technology transfer, and the relationship between high-speed rail and university technology transfer is more prominent in the regions with underdevelopment technology trading markets. Our study suggests that high-speed rail is an important variable that affects university technology transfer.
The prevalence of stroke among adults in Ethiopia from 2012 to 2022: A systematic review and meta-analysis protocol
Authors: Dembelu Maycas , Wosenyeleh Teklu , Gezimu Wubishet , Kumara Diriba
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Stroke is one of the most common causes of death and acquired disability worldwide. The burden of death and disability-adjusted life-years lost (DALYs) in lower-and-middle income countries (LMIC), were 86% and 89%, respectively. Ethiopia, one of SSA countries, is being affected by stroke and its consequence. The conception and development of this systematic review and meta-analysis protocol primarily based on the gap we noted from the previous systematic review and meta-analysis. Thus, this review will fill knowledge gap by identifying and analyzing studies that used sound method in determiningthe last ten years stroke prevalence in Ethiopia.

Methods

This systematic review and meta-analysis will follow Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guideline. Both published articles and gray literature will be gathered from online databases. Cross-sectional, case control, and cohort studies will be included as long as these studies report the magnitude of the problem under study. Both community and facility-based studies conducted in Ethiopia will be included. Those studies that did not report the main outcome variable will be excluded. Joanna Bridge Institute appraisal checklist will be used to assess the quality of individual studies. Two reviewers will independently appraise the full articles of studies related to our topic of interest. I2 and p-value will be used to check for heterogeneity of the studies’ outcome. Meta-regression will be used to identify source of heterogeneity. We will assess the presence of publication bias using funnel plot.

PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022380945.
Prospective acceptability of a multipurpose technology (MPT) implant in preclinical development to prevent HIV and unplanned pregnancy: Qualitative insights from women end users and health care providers in South Africa and Zimbabwe
Authors: Nkomo Sikhanyisiwe , Makoni Wanzirai , Shapley-Quinn Mary Kate , Luecke Ellen , Mbatsane Enough , Manenzhe Kgahlisho , Ahmed Khatija , Johnson Leah M. , Mahaka Imelda , van der Straten Ariane
Published: May 2023

Background

Given the high rates of both HIV and unintended pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa, the SCHIELD program aims to develop a multipurpose technology implant for HIV and pregnancy prevention. An end-user evaluation was undertaken with young women and health care providers to assess preferences for modifiable implant attributes to improve future adoption and rollout.

Methods

Focus group discussions were conducted with potential women end users, and health care providers experienced in implant insertion or removal participated in in-depth interviews. All participants were recruited from Harare, Zimbabwe, or Soshanguve, South Africa. The purposively stratified sampled women were either implant experienced or implant naïve and were categorized into three groups: nulliparous, postpartum, or engaged in transactional sex. Topics covered included duration (six months to three years), biodegradability, removability, and independent rod retrievability (per indication). Data were analyzed using Dedoose software and summarized into emerging themes.

Results

Participants identified three key areas that could facilitate rollout, uptake, and adherence of an implant for HIV and pregnancy prevention. First, discreetness was the most salient topic and was associated with implant characteristics such as anatomical location, flexibility, and biodegradability. Second, the ability to independently retrieve the HIV or pregnancy prevention component was preferred, as life circumstances may change and was favored by all participants, except for young women in Soshanguve. Third, there is a need for proper counseling, sensitization, provider training, and health campaigns to facilitate rollout of a 2-in-1 implant.

Conclusions

A 2-in-1 implant was seen as highly desirable by most young women and health care providers. Participants discussed potential concerns and barriers to uptake of a biodegradable implant with dual HIV prevention and contraceptive properties, identifying key implant attributes that product developers can modify while still in preclinical stages.
Reconsideration of importance of the point mutation L982W in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel of the pyrethroid resistant Aedes aegypti (L.)(Diptera: Culicidae) in Vietnam
Authors: Kawada Hitoshi , Higa Yukiko , Kasai Shinji
Published: May 2023

Pyrethroid resistance in Aedes aegypti is widespread in southern Vietnam because the photostable 2nd generation pyrethroids have been used in large amounts over extensive areas for malaria and dengue vector control. In our previous report in 2009, F1534C, one of the point mutations in the voltage-sensitive sodium channel (VSSC) in Ae. aegypti, was widespread at high frequency in south and central area. However, no significant correlation between the frequency of F1534C and pyrethroid susceptibility was detected primarily because the F1534C mutation frequency in the southern highland area was very low, despite that the bioassay indicated high pyrethroid resistance. The point mutation in the VSSC, L982W, which was not the target mutation in our previous study, was recently determined to be an important mutation causing high-pyrethroid resistance in Vietnamese Ae. aegypti. In the present study, a re-investigation of L982W in the mosquito samples collected in 2006–2008 revealed a greater distribution of this mutation (allelic percentage 59.2%) than F1534C (21.7%) and the greater proportion of homozygous L982W as compared to F1534C provided a plausible answer to the question concerning the unknown resistance factor in the southern highland area. L982W frequencies were uniformly higher in the southern part of Vietnam, including the highland area with a significantly high positive correlation with pyrethroid resistance in Ae. aegypti.
A fragment-based drug discovery developed on ciclopirox for inhibition of Hepatitis B virus core protein: An in silico study
Authors: Mohebbi Alireza , Ghorbanzadeh Touba , Naderifar Shabnam , Khalaj Fattaneh , Askari Fatemeh Sana , Sammak Ali Salehnia
Published: May 2023

The Hepatitis B virus (HBV) core protein is an attractive target for preventing capsid assembly and viral replication. Drug repurposing strategies have introduced several drugs targeting HBV core protein. This study used a fragment-based drug discovery (FBDD) approach to reconstruct a repurposed core protein inhibitor to some novel antiviral derivatives. Auto Core Fragment in silico Screening (ACFIS) server was used for deconstruction-reconstruction of Ciclopirox in complex with HBV core protein. The Ciclopirox derivatives were ranked based on their free energy of binding (ΔGB). A quantitative structure affinity relationship (QSAR) was established on the Ciclopirox derivatives. The model was validated by a Ciclopirox-property-matched decoy set. A principal component analysis (PCA) was also assessed to define the relationship of the predictive variable of the QSAR model. 24-derivatives with a ΔGB (-16.56±1.46 Kcal.mol-1) more than Ciclopirox was highlighted. A QSAR model with a predictive power of 88.99% (F-statistics = 9025.78, corrected df(25), Pr > F = 0.0001) was developed by four predictive descriptors (ATS1p, nCs, Hy, F08[C-C]). The model validation showed no predictive power for the decoy set (Q2 = 0). No significant correlation was observed between predictors. By directly attaching to the core protein carboxyl-terminal domain, Ciclopirox derivatives may be able to suppress HBV virus assembly and subsequent viral replication inhibition. Hydrophobic residue Phe23 is a critical amino acid in the ligand binding domain. These ligands share the same physicochemical properties that lead to the development of a robust QSAR mode. The same strategy may also be used for future drug discovery of viral inhibitors.
‘The sounds turn somersaults and the harmonica is mourning…’: The healing effects of music making
Authors: Hochreutener Sandra Lutz
Published: May 2023

Children love making music – or, as we say in music therapy, they love playing with music. At the same time both joyful and sincere, they explore the sounds of the instruments and try out different tunes and rhythms as a way of expressing their feelings and interacting with others. Through play, they create inexhaustible, inventive musical scenarios which in turn enable them to develop a better understanding of their own personal circumstances and thereby to grow and set themselves free. This keynote will provide insights into the ways in which music therapy can assist personal growth by tapping into the child’s ability to engage with music in a spontaneous and playful way.
Hashtag activism: An alternative pathway for the transnationalization of protests a case study of #SaveSheikhJarrah
Authors: Attaallah Nisreen
Published: May 2023

Digital media have provided activists with communication and organizational tools that have revolutionized the work of social movements. This article contributes to the literature on the role of digital media in the transnationalization of protests by examining a case study of a digital advocacy campaign initiated by Palestinian activists against the Israeli occupation using #SaveSheikhJarrah. It presents an empirical case in which digital media provide an alternative pathway for transnationalizing a local cause through applying the connective action framework. It argues that the Sheikh Jarrah activists successfully used connective action mechanisms through digital media techniques to transnationalize protests that began in East Jerusalem and spread beyond national borders to numerous locations worldwide. Moreover, the study employs a mixed-method analysis that incorporates the network perspective to explain the flow of information and the activists’ roles and relations, in addition to using topic modelling to explain the counterpublic’s narrative building mechanism.
Lippmann and his critics: A new historical perspective of the context of Public Opinion’s press analysis
Authors: Haman John
Published: May 2023

The education of Walter Lippmann on the topics of propaganda and censorship during the First World War profoundly shaped the sober critique of the traditional theory of American democracy that appeared in Public Opinion. The war also shook his faith in the ability of the press to inform a public he increasingly viewed as hopelessly separated from ‘reality’. Yet, between the end of the war and the publication of Public Opinion, Lippmann still maintained a faith, tempered by critique, in the potential of the press in his lesser-known publications, Liberty and the News and A Test of the News. This article argues that there was an overlooked yet critical influence on Lippmann in the interregnum between the end of the war and the publication of Public Opinion that helps explain Lippmann’s evolving thoughts on the press; namely, the critical responses to Liberty and the News and A Test of the News. This analysis suggests that the dialogue between Lippmann and his critics provides a piece of the intellectual and historical context for the arguments relating to the press that appeared in Public Opinion.
The Language(s) of Politics: Multilingual Policy-Making in the European Union, Nils Ringe (2022)
Authors: Basurto Arman , Domínguez-Jiménez Marta
Published: May 2023

Review of: The Language(s) of Politics: Multilingual Policy-Making in the European Union, Nils Ringe (2022)

Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 264 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-47205-513-5, p/bk, $34.95
Latin American Adventures in Literary Journalism, Pablo Calvi (2019)
Authors: Ventura Laura
Published: May 2023

Review of: Latin American Adventures in Literary Journalism, Pablo Calvi (2019)

Pittsburgh, PA: University of Pittsburgh Press, 276 pp.,

ISBN 978-0-82294-565-9, p/bk, $50
Present and future of the knowledge about the genus Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: Aguado-Aranda Pablo , Ricarte Antonio , Marcos-García María Ángeles
Published: May 2023

The genus Eumerus Meigen, 1822 (Diptera: Syrphidae) is one of the most diverse hoverfly genera in the west Palaearctic Region with 140 confirmed species and 80 occurring in the European continent. It is also highly diverse in the Iberian Peninsula plus the Balearic and Canary Islands with 43 species. Recent works on this genus have increased the number of species endemic to the Iberian Peninsula up to five. Nowadays, taxonomy, distribution and biology of the Iberian Eumerus taxonomy are still far to be fully understood. The aim of this work is to present an updated overview of the Eumerus taxonomy and diversity in the Iberian area, addressing main topics pending of resolution in the genus.
Biofábricas de vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.) en México como oportunidad de desarrollo agrario
Authors: Rodríguez-Deméneghi Marco Vinicio , Ramírez-Mosqueda Marco Antonio , Armas-Silva Arturo Alonso , Aguilar-Rivera Noé , Gheno-Heredia Yaqueline Antonia
Published: May 2023

La vainilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks.) es la principal orquídea de interés económico y la tercera especia con mayor precio y alta demanda en el mundo debido al dulce aroma y sabor que emana su fruto. A pesar de que México es el centro de origen y domesticación de la vainilla, contando con las condiciones edafoclimáticas ideales para su cultivo, esta especie presenta graves problemas de conservación y reproducción. Actualmente, en México, los nuevos programas de apoyo gubernamental a este sector están motivando el desarrollo de la producción de vainilla, no obstante, todavía no se cuenta con material vegetativo suficiente y de calidad para hacer frente a estos requerimientos. En este sentido, las biofábricas representan una oportunidad para aumentar el número de propágulos comerciales a través de la biotecnología. Estas plantas generadas poseen características agronómicas deseadas que ayudan a resolver la problemática a la que se enfrentan los productores. Se ha demostrado que estos lugares representan una oportunidad económica redituable por su estabilidad, versatilidad y explotación con función social y/o ecológica. La vainilla es un cultivo altamente atractivo desde el punto de vista económico y puede llegar a constituir una gran oportunidad para impulsar el desarrollo agrario de las zonas productoras.
ADSORPTION PURIFICATION OF UNREFINED VEGETABLE OILS WITH BENTONITE CLAY OF ZYRYANSK DEPOSIT
Authors: Mostalygina Lidiya Vital'yevna , Elizarova Svetlana Nikolayevna , Kostin Aleksandr Vadimovich , Bogdanovskaya Inna Aleksandrovna
Published: May 2023

Magnesium ions predominate in the exchange complex of bentonite clay from the Zyryanskoye deposit. The amount of exchange cations varies within 76–95 mmol equivalents. The main rock-forming mineral of Zyryansk bentonite is montmorillonite. The adsorption and desorption isotherm of nitrogen by bentonite clay from the Zyryanskoe deposit has the form of a hysteresis loop, which is typical for bentonite clays from other deposits and corresponds to adsorption in mesoporous solids.

The dynamics of the content of free fatty acids ((FFA (acid number (AN)) and peroxide compounds ((PC (peroxide number (PN)) in samples of unrefined vegetable oils: sunflower oil “Sloboda” and linseed oil “Yeleya” was studied. Six months later the AN and the PN in unrefined linseed oil, and the AN in unrefined sunflower oil increased, but the numbers did not exceed the maximum permissible values. The PN in unrefined sunflower oil increased by 6.4 times and exceeded the maximum permissible values.

Isotherms of sorption of FFA and PC by native bentonite clay (NG) of the Zyryansk deposit have been obtained. The kinetics of sorption of FFA and PC of sunflower and linseed oil has been studied. The equilibration time is 90–120 min. The optimum operation of sorption of FFA and PC has been determined (static operation with stirring for 2 h at a ratio of m(clay) : V(oil)=1 g : 40 ml.

The maximum degree of extraction of FFA from sunflower oil by bentonite clay was 31%; from linseed – 9%. The degree of extraction of PC from sunflower oil by bentonite clay was 48%, from linseed oil – 33%.
APPLICATION OF CHITOSAN-BASED PRODUCTS TO INCREASE HYDROPHOBIC PROPERTIES OF CRAFT PA-PER
Authors: Potashev Aleksandr Viktorovich , Guryev Aleksandr Vladislavovich , Medvedev Vasiliy Viktorovich
Published: May 2023

We devoted our research to study and substantiate the possibility of using products based on commercial chitosan. As an animal polysaccharide, it was applied as an additive in manufacturing laboratory samples of kraft packaging paper with increased hydrophobic properties.

The research aimed to optimize conditions to produce packaging kraft paper by means of mathematical planning method of the experiment in accordance with the three factor uniform-rotatable second-order model by Box and Hunter.

It is shown that that the effective hydrophobization of a fairly thin cellulose fibrous material, weight of 1 m2 70 g, is possible. In the studied factor space, we have established mathematical dependences that fit well the influence of the main technological parameters – the consumption of chitosan (0.5–1.5%), the beating degree of paper pulp (25–35 °SR) and softwood content in fiber furnish (80–100%) on the hydrophobicity (increasing moisture resistance) of paper and its physical and mechanical properties.

It is shown that the presence of chitosan in fiber furnish leads to the hydrophobicity of kraft paper in terms of surface water absorption during one-sided wetting (Cobb test) increases many times and reaches 24–25 g/m2 at the maximum product consumption (1.5%). At the same time, the values of beating degree of paper pulp and softwood content in fiber furnish can vary in a fairly wide technological range, in accordance with the studied factor spaces.

Increasing the consumption of chitosan, the beating degree of pulp fibers and softwood content in fiber furnish simultaneously provides an increase in the values of almost all physical and mechanical properties of laboratory kraft packaging paper.
SEED LIPIDS OF PUNICA GRANATUM L. CULTIVAR "KAYUM", GROWING IN UZBEKISTAN
Authors: Saminov Khusniddin Nomonjon ogli , Ibragimov Alijan Aminovich , Yuldasheva Nigora Karimovna , Gusakova Svetlana Dmitriyevna , Nazarov Otabek Mamadalievich
Published: May 2023

This article presents the results of a study of the fatty acid composition of lipids of Punica granatum L. variety "Kayum", growing in the Kuva district of the Fergana region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The fatty acid composition of pomegranate seed lipids after conversion of the corresponding fatty acids into methyl esters was determined on an Agilent 6890 N gas chromatograph with a flame ionization detector using an HP-5 capillary column with a stationary phase. Neutral lipids were extracted from air-dried crushed seeds in gasoline using a Soxhlet apparatus. Chromatographic analysis of the oil made it possible to establish the presence of 18 saturated and unsaturated higher fatty acids. Seed oil of Punica granatum L. variety "Kayum" contains the richest set of unsaturated (total 94%) and saturated (total 6%) fatty acids. The main component of pomegranate seed oil is punicic acid (51.25%). Along with punicic acid, α-eleostearic (13.09%), β-eleostearic (10.36%) and catalpic acids (4.55%) were found, which belong to conjugated α-linolenic acids. Among unsaturated fatty acids, α-linoleic (7.15%) and oleic (6.51%) acids were also found. Saturated fatty acids are mainly represented by palmitic (3.11%), stearic (2.10%) and arachidonic (0.58%) acids. The remaining saturated and saturated fatty acids were characterized by a low content. The composition of fatty acids of polar glyco- and phospholipids was determined. Thus, the results of the study can provide valuable information for the development of drugs and nutritional supplements based on pomegranate seed oil of the variety"Kayum".
PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND COMPOSITION OF LIPID COMPONENT FROM WINTER GARLIC BULBS (ALLIUM SATIVUM L.)
Authors: Shishkina Lyudmila Nikolayevna , Dubovik Aleksandr Sergeyevich , Smirnova Aleksandra Nikolayevna , Shvydkii Vyacheslav Olegovich
Published: May 2023

The lipid composition, presence of the biologically active substances and ability of lipids to the spontaneous aggregation in the water medium of the winter garlic (Allium sativum L.) was studied by TLC, UV-spectrometry with the Gauss mathematic analysis of spectra and dynamic light scattering methods It is shown that share of the more easily oxidizable fractions in the garlic phospholipids is 2.45 times greater than that for the more poorly oxidizable fractions. Mathematic analysis of the UV-spectra of the lipids solution in chloroform revealed the presence of compounds with a conjugated couple bonds and ketodienes and confirmed the literature data about absence of flavonoids. The hydrophilic biologically active compounds are found in a polar phase during extraction of lipids. Analysis of UV-spectrum of 20-hydroxyekdizone in chloroform which is detected in the garlic lipids was done. It was determined the substantial maximum absorption band shift of sterols in UV-spectra of the garlic lipids testifies to their participation with sphigolipids in the raft formation that is due to form of particles with the average diameters 160 nm and the low absolute value of ξ-potential from the garlic lipids in the water medium.