bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A national multiple baseline cohort study of mental health conditions in early adolescence and subsequent educational outcomes in New Zealand
Authors: Gorman Emma , Bowden Nicholas , Kokaua Jesse , McNeill Brigid , Schluter Philip J.
Published: July 2023

Young people experiencing mental health conditions are vulnerable to poorer educational outcomes for many reasons, including: social exclusion, stigma, and limited in-school support. Using a near-complete New Zealand population administrative database, this prospective cohort study aimed to quantify differences in educational attainment (at ages 15–16 years) and school suspensions (over ages 13–16 years), between those with and without a prior mental health condition. The data included five student cohorts, each starting secondary school from 2013 to 2017 respectively (N = 272,901). Both internalising and externalising mental health conditions were examined. Overall, 6.8% had a mental health condition. Using adjusted modified Poisson regression analyses, those with prior mental health conditions exhibited lower rates of attainment (IRR 0.87, 95% CI 0.86–0.88) and higher rates of school suspensions (IRR 1.63, 95% CI 1.57–1.70) by age 15–16 years. Associations were stronger among those exhibiting behavioural conditions, compared to emotional conditions, in line with previous literature. These findings highlight the importance of support for young people experiencing mental health conditions at this crucial juncture in their educational pathway. While mental health conditions increase the likelihood of poorer educational outcomes, deleterious outcomes were not a necessary sequalae. In this study, most participants with mental health conditions had successful educational outcomes.
Introduction of a novel frequency converter using piezoelectric vibrations modes
Authors: Pirayande Ava , Hojjat Yousef
Published: July 2023

Converting the frequency is needed in many fields of advanced technology. “Electric circuits” or “coupled motors and generators” are usually used for frequency conversion. This article introduces a new piezoelectric frequency converter (PFC), using an idea similar to piezoelectric transformers (PT). PFC uses two piezoelectric discs as input and output elements which are pushed together. There is a common electrode between these two elements and two electrodes input and output on the other sides. When the input disc is forced to vibrate in the out-of-plane mode, the output disc vibrates in its radial mode. By applying different input frequencies, different output frequencies can be obtained. However, the input and output frequencies are limited to the piezoelectric element’s out-of-plane and radial modes. Therefore, the proper size of piezoelectric discs should be used to get the necessary gain. Simulation and experiments show that the mechanism works as predicted, and their results are in good agreement. For the chosen piezoelectric disc, the lowest gain increases the frequency from 61.9 to 118 kHz, and the highest gain increases the frequency from 3.7 to 51 kHz.
DppfCuBH4: new reducing agents for the synthesis of ferrocene-functionalized metal nanoclusters
Authors: Wang Meng , Li Simin , Chen Huijun , Sun Xueli , Sun Jing , Jia Yanyuan , Guo Shuo , Sun Cunfa , Shen Hui
Published: July 2023

A novel type of functional reducing agent, dppfCuBH4, has been developed. Reduction of silver complexes by the reductant affords two ferrocene-functionalized clusters of [Ag25Cu4(dppf)6(3-F-PhCC)12Cl6]3+and [Ag4(dppf)5Cl2]2+in a facile way.
Scrolling reduced graphene oxides to induce room temperature magnetism via spatial coupling of defects
Authors: Shi Ting , Yao Yuan , Hong Yang , Li Yang , Lu Songtao , Qin Wei , Wu Xiaohong
Published: July 2023

Is it possible to induce strong and sustainable magnetism in graphene without the assistance of magnetic components? Scrolling reduced graphene oxides to induce room temperature magnetism via spatial coupling of defects is proposed.
Recent developments in Ti-based nanocatalysts for electrochemical nitrate-to-ammonia conversion
Authors: Chen Wenda , Xu Yuan , Liu Jiaxin , Cao Huiqun , Li Yongliang , Ren Xiangzhong , Ye Shenghua , Liu Jianhong , Zhang Qianling
Published: July 2023

Electrochemical NO3−-to-NH3conversion is an available option for sewage treatment and ammonia synthesis. This review summarized the theoretical insights, design strategy and challenges of Ti-based electrocatalysts for NO3−-to-NH3conversion.
Towards Pareto optimal high entropy hydrides via data-driven materials discovery
Authors: Witman Matthew D. , Ling Sanliang , Wadge Matthew , Bouzidi Anis , Pineda-Romero Nayely , Clulow Rebecca , Ek Gustav , Chames Jeffery M. , Allendorf Emily J. , Agarwal Sapan , Allendorf Mark D. , Walker Gavin S. , Grant David M. , Sahlberg Martin , Zlotea Claudia , Stavila Vitalie
Published: July 2023

Data-driven predictions of metal hydride thermodynamic properties elucidate the Pareto optimal front of high entropy alloy candidates for hydrogen storage.
Design and evaluation of propranolol hydrochloride loaded thiolated Zein/PEO electrospun fibrous matrix for transmucosal drug delivery
Authors: Surendranath Medha , Ramesan Rekha M , Nair Prakash , Parameswaran Ramesh
Published: July 2023

Thiolation of zein using cysteine, blending with PEO is presented, and the polymer blend electrospun matrix of thiol modified zein and PEO is evaluated for the transmucosal delivery of propranolol hydrochloride.
Improvements in reliability and radio frequency performance of junctionless tunnelling field effect transistor using p+ pocket and metal strip
Authors: Zirak Alireza
Published: July 2023

In this article, a new p+ pocket stacked gate oxide junctionless tunnelling field effect transistor (junction less tunnelling field effect transistor (JLTFET)) which has metal strip in gate oxide layer is proposed for analogue/RF circuit applications. Due to the insertion of a p+ pocket in source/channel junction and the use of metal strip in oxide layer, the following properties of the proposed JLTFET are resulted. First, the tunnelling barrier width is reduced in the source/channel junction thereby, electrons easily tunnel from the source to the channel. Second, the hole concentration (empty state) in the channel is increased, leading to higher electron contribution in the tunnelling process. These improvements are useful in achieving high drain current and steep subthreshold swing. As a result, the maximum ON current of 4.4 × 10−5 A/μm and average subthreshold swing of 40 mV/decade are obtained from simulation results. Moreover, as compared to conventional JLTFET, the proposed JLTFET provides improvements in reliability and analogue/radio frequency (RF) performance.
Dynamics of trans-Neptunian objects near the 3/1 mean-motion resonance with Neptune
Authors: Alves-Carmo Alan J. , Vaillant Timothée , Correia Alexandre C. M.
Published: July 2023

The complex classification of trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) that are captured in mean-motion resonances (MMRs) and the constraint of their multiple origins are two significant open problems concerning the Solar System. The case-by-case study of the different MMRs and their characteristics provide information about their origin and dynamics, which helps us to understand the early stages of the Solar System evolution. In this paper, we study the dynamics of the detected TNOs close to a 3/1 MMR with Neptune. We initially use a semi-analytic three-body model to investigate the coplanar secular dynamics of these objects and find the stationary points. We then use surface sections and stability maps to analyse the non-averaged dynamics. These methods allow us to isolate the different stability regions and determine the extent of the chaotic regions. We show that stability maps are an extremely powerful tool for studying the resonant dynamics when they are computed in terms of the resonant angle. We then use these maps to study the non-planar three-body problem and the full dynamics in the presence of planetary perturbations. We confirm that TNOs near the 3/1 MMR regions can exist at very high inclinations. In the framework of the three-body problem, many of these objects can also be stable outside the 3/1 MMR owing to a Kozai secular resonance. However, when we take into account the perturbations of the four giant planets, the Kozai regions disappear and only the 3/1 MMR region remains, with eccentricities e ≲ 0.5.
Galactic ArchaeoLogIcaL ExcavatiOns (GALILEO)
Authors: Ortigoza-Urdaneta Mario , Vieira Katherine , Fernández-Trincado José G. , Queiroz Anna B. A. , Barbuy Beatriz , Beers Timothy C. , Chiappini Cristina , Anders Friedrich , Minniti Dante , Tang Baitian
Published: July 2023

Based on high-quality Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) DR17 and Gaia DR3 data for 1742 red giants stars within 5 kpc of the Sun and not rotating with the Galactic disk (Vϕ < 100 km s−1), we used the nonlinear technique of unsupervised analysis t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) to detect coherent structures in the space of ten chemical-abundance ratios: [Fe/H], [O/Fe], [Mg/Fe], [Si/Fe], [Ca/Fe], [C/Fe], [N/Fe], [Al/Fe], [Mn/Fe], and [Ni/Fe]. Additionally, we obtained orbital parameters for each star using the nonaxisymmetric gravitational potential GravPot16. Seven structures are detected, including Splash, Gaia-Sausage-Enceladus (GSE), the high-α heated-disk population, N-C-O peculiar stars, and inner disk-like stars, plus two other groups that did not match anything previously reported in the literature, here named Galileo 5 and Galileo 6 (G5 and G6). These two groups overlap with Splash in [Fe/H], with G5 having a lower metallicity than G6, and they are both between GSE and Splash in the [Mg/Mn] versus [Al/Fe] plane, with G5 being in the α-rich in situ locus and G6 on the border of the α-poor in situ one. Nonetheless, their low [Ni/Fe] hints at a possible ex situ origin. Their orbital energy distributions are between Splash and GSE, with G5 being slightly more energetic than G6. We verified the robustness of all the obtained groups by exploring a large range of t-SNE parameters, applying it to various subsets of data, and also measuring the effect of abundance errors through Monte Carlo tests.
The GAPS programme at TNG
Authors: Pinamonti M. , Barbato D. , Sozzetti A. , Affer L. , Benatti S. , Biazzo K. , Bignamini A. , Borsa F. , Damasso M. , Desidera S. , Lanza A. F. , Maldonado J. , Mancini L. , Naponiello L. , Nardiello D. , Rainer M. , Cabona L. , Knapic C. , Andreuzzi G. , Cosentino R. , Fiorenzano A. , Ghedina A. , Harutyunyan A. , Lorenzi V. , Pedani M. , Claudi R. , Covino E. , Maggio A. , Micela G. , Molinari E. , Pagano I. , Piotto G. , Poretti E.
Published: July 2023

Context. With the growth of comparative exoplanetology, it is increasingly clear that the relationship between inner and outer planets plays a key role in unveiling the mechanisms governing formation and evolution models. For this reason, it is important to probe the inner region of systems hosting long-period giants in search of undetected lower mass planetary companions.

Aims. We aim to present the results of a high-cadence and high-precision radial velocity (RV) monitoring of three late-type dwarf stars hosting long-period giants with well-measured orbits in order to search for short-period sub-Neptunes (SN, M sin i < 30 M⊕).

Methods. Building on the results and expertise of our previous studies, we carried out combined fits of our HARPS-N data with literature RVs. We used Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analyses to refine the literature orbital solutions and search for additional inner planets, applying Gaussian process regression techniques to deal with the stellar activity signals where required. We then used the results of our survey to estimate the frequency of sub-Neptunes in systems hosting cold Jupiters, f(SN|CJ), and compared it with the frequency around field M dwarfs, f(SN).

Results. We identify a new short-period, low-mass planet orbiting GJ 328, GJ 328 c, with Pc = 241.8-1.7+1.3 days and Mc sin i = 21.4-3.2+3.4M⊕. We moreover identify and model the chromospheric activity signals and rotation periods of GJ 649 and GJ 849, around which no additional planet is found. Then, taking into account also planetary system around the previously analysed low-mass star BD-11 4672, we derive an estimate of the frequencies of inner planets in such systems. In particular, f(SN|CJ) = 0.25-0.07+0.58 for mini-Neptunes (10 M⊕ < M sin i < 30 M⊕, P < 150 d), marginally larger than f(SN). For lower mass planets (M sin i < 10 M⊕) instead f(SN|CJ) < 0.69, which is compatible with f(SN).

Conclusions. In light of the newly detected mini-Neptune, we find tentative evidence of a positive correlation between the presence of long-period giant planets and that of inner low-mass planets, f(SN|CJ) > f(SN). This might indicate that cold Jupiters have an opposite influence in the formation of inner sub-Neptunes around late-type dwarfs as opposed to their solar-type counterparts, boosting the formation of mini-Neptunes instead of impeding it.
Design and development of community incinerators using the CFD method
Authors: Aungkurabrut Ratchaneewan , Fakkeaw Wichaphon , Srirattayawong Sutthinan
Published: July 2023

The research aims to develop municipal solid waste (MSW) incinerators for higher thermal efficiency and minimal pollution from combustion. The 3D CFD model is developed for incinerators that consist of a combustion chamber and a cyclone. A municipal waste incinerator with a 250 kg/h capacity is modeled. The incinerator model simulated the comparative behavior between the finned and smooth combustion chamber walls. The results indicated that finned-walled incinerators exhibited more turbulent flow and air distribution in the combustion chamber than conventional wall incinerators. This will result in more complete combustion and less pollution.
Same-day correction of baselines for demand response using long short-term memory
Authors: Nagaya Taiki , Hatai Yoshifumi , Sano Kyosuke , Hane Yuho , Matsui Yasuto
Published: July 2023

In incentive-based the Demand Response, the amount of electricity demand reduction is calculated by subtracting actual electricity demand from the baseline (BL). The BL is the estimated electricity demand of households when no electricity demand suppression is performed. In Japan, the high 4 of 5 method is used to forecast the BL by averaging the actual demand of the day. In this study, we refer to the high 4 of 5 method as BL1. BL2 is the BL to which the value of the same-day adjustment is added based on the actual demand of the day. BL3 is BL1 plus the value of the same-day adjustment predicted using Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). The average MAE values for BL2 and BL3, calculated using actual electricity demand data from October 15, 2021, to December 24, 2021, were 11.2 kW and 8.1 kW, respectively, with BL3 being 3.1 kW smaller than BL2. To estimate the confidence intervals for BL2 and BL3, we calculated the error by subtracting each BL from the actual value and calculated the ±3σ equivalent for the distribution of the error. The confidence interval calculated for BL3 was found to be ±9.2 kW lower than that for BL2. The F-test for the distribution of the errors for BL2 and BL3 yielded a P-value of 4.05 × 10-50, indicating that the variances of the two distributions were not equally distributed.
Investigating factors influencing generation Z’s pro-environmental behavior to support the energy transition in Jakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Wijaya Divine Ifransca , Kokchang Phimsupha
Published: July 2023

The energy transition is crucial for mitigating climate change and achieving sustainable development and resilience. As the energy transition advances, generation Z will soon be responsible for taking care of the environment. This study aims to investigate the factors influencing generation Z’s pro-environmental behavior (PEB) to support the energy transition, using the combination of the theory of planned behavior and PEB. Data were collected through an online questionnaire among 400 generation Z individuals living in Jakarta, Indonesia. The socio-demographic profile was assessed to ensure the respondents fit the target criteria. Partial least square structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) was used to analyze the reliability and validity of the measurement model and conduct hypothesis testing. The results show that attitude, subjective norms, and perceived behavior control significantly influence generation Z’s PEB to support the energy transition. Perceived behavior control was the most significant factor determining PEB, so measures and policies to increase generation Z’s support should focus on PBC. This finding could enhance understanding and provide insights to formulate effective interventions to increase generation Z’s support towards the energy transition. This study contributes to the energy transition discussion as included in the Sustainable Development Goals.
Controllability of the Schrödinger equation on unbounded domains without geometric control condition
Authors: Täufer Matthias
Published: July 2023

We prove controllability of the Schrödinger equation in ℝdin any timeT> 0 with internal control supported on nonempty, periodic, open sets. This demonstrates in particular that controllability of the Schrödinger equation in full space holds for a strictly larger class of control supports than for the wave equation and suggests that the control theory of Schrödinger equation in full space might be closer to the diffusive nature of the heat equation than to the ballistic nature of the wave equation. Our results are based on a combination of Floquet-Bloch theory with Ingham-type estimates on lacunary Fourier series.
Inventory pricing model under different carbon emission policies
Authors: Su Ke , Ren Xiaohui
Published: July 2023

Considering carbon emission in inventory management model is a hot topic in current academic circles. Studying inventory pricing can provide managers with better managerial insights. Economic order quantity model mainly solves the inventory management problem of demand determination. However, due to the complex market environment in real life, it is difficult to meet the conditions of constant demand. In addition, with the enhancement of low-carbon awareness of enterprises, the study of pricing model based on low-carbon policies has also attracted the attention of a large number of scholars. The robust optimization theory is applied, the inventory pricing model of demand fluctuation under carbon cap, carbon tax and carbon cap-and-trade policies is considered, the robust equivalence form of the problem is studied. The profit comparison under different policies is given. Numerical experiments show that the carbon cap-and-trade policy can better control the carbon emission of enterprises.
Therapiemöglichkeiten der Depression nach Non-Response
Authors: Walter Henrik , Haaf Raoul , Köhler Stephan
Published: July 2023

Die unipolare Depression stellt eine der häufigsten psychiatrischen Erkrankungen dar. Ein beträchtlicher Prozentsatz der Menschen, die an einer Depression leiden, erfahren trotz leitliniengerechter Ersttherapie mittels moderner psychopharmakologischer und/oder psychotherapeutischer Verfahren keine ausreichende Linderung ihrer Symptome. Die Therapie von Patienten mit einer „therapieresistenten“ oder „schwer zu behandelnden“ Depression stellt daher eine häufige Herausforderung in der alltäglichen Praxis dar. Anders als der Terminus „therapieresistent“ suggeriert, existieren jedoch eine Vielzahl an evidenzbasierten Therapieoptionen, die bei unzureichendem Ansprechen auf eine Standardtherapie mit Antidepressivum und Psychotherapie eingesetzt werden können. Mittels selektiver Literaturrecherche und unter Bezugnahme auf die kürzlich veröffentlichte 3. Version der Deutschen S3-Leitlinie zur Depression gibt vorliegender Artikel einen Überblick über weitere Therapieoptionen sowie Basismaßnahmen jenseits der Standardtherapien der unipolaren Depression.
Testing image-velocimetry methods for turbulence diagnostics
Authors: Enters Y. W. , Thomas S. , Hill M. , Cziegler I.
Published: July 2023

Two image-based velocity-inference techniques, cross-correlation time-delay estimation (CCTDE) and dynamic time warping (DTW), were tested. These techniques are conventionally used in the study of plasma dynamics, but they can be applied to any data where features propagate across the image field-of-view. Differences between the techniques were investigated, which showed that the shortcomings of each technique are complemented well by the strengths of the other. Thus, the techniques should be used in conjunction with each other for optimal velocimetry. For ease of use, an example workflow that applies the results in this paper to experimental measurements is provided for both techniques. The findings were based on a thorough analysis of the uncertainties for both techniques. Specifically, the accuracy and precision associated with inferred velocity fields were systematically tested using synthetic data. Novel findings are presented that strongly improve the performance of both techniques, some of which are as follows: CCTDE was able to operate accurately under most conditions with an inference frequency as short as 1 per 32 frames, as opposed to the typical 1 per ≥256 frames used in the literature; an underlying pattern in CCTDE accuracy depending on the magnitude of the underlying velocity was found; spurious velocities due to the barber pole illusion can now be predicted prior to CCTDE velocimetry through a simple analysis; DTW was more robust against the barber pole illusion than CCTDE; DTW performance with sheared flows was tested; DTW was able to reliably infer accurate flow fields from data with as low as 8 × 8 spatial channels; and however, if the flow direction was unknown prior to DTW analysis, DTW could not reliably infer any velocities.
Limiting propulsion of ionic microswimmers
Authors: Asmolov Evgeny S. , Vinogradova Olga I.
Published: July 2023

Catalytic Janus swimmers self-propel in electrolyte solutions, thanks to inhomogeneous release of active ions from their surface. Here, we consider the experimentally relevant cases of particles, which eject only one type of ions (referred to as swimmers of type I) or equal fluxes of cations and anions (termed swimmers of type II). Our main focus is on the impact of passive ions of the added salt on the self-propulsion. In the limit of a thin electrostatic diffuse layer, we derive a nonlinear outer solution for the electric field and concentrations of active and passive ionic species. We show that both the maximum ion flux and propulsion velocity are constrained for swimmers of type I, but they remain unaffected for particles of type II.
A precisive calculation method of volumetric and hydraulic efficiency of centrifugal pumps
Authors: Zhang Yu-Liang , Li Wen-guang
Published: July 2023

This paper proposes a new method to calculate the volumetric efficiency and hydraulic efficiency of centrifugal pumps based on the principle of energy balance. Two efficiencies are calculated by means of a low specific speed centrifugal pump handling media with different viscosities at best efficiency points and are compared with those of two existing methods. The results manifest that the definition of two efficiencies in the present paper is more precisive and sensitive to the change of liquid viscosity.
Ultrafast activation of the double-exchange interaction in antiferromagnetic manganites
Authors: Hortensius J. R. , Afanasiev D. , Vistoli L. , Matthiesen M. , Bibes M. , Caviglia A. D.
Published: July 2023

In doped manganite systems, strong electronic correlations result in rich phase diagrams where electron delocalization strongly affects the magnetic order. Here, we employ a femtosecond all-optical pump-probe scheme to impulsively photodope the antiferromagnetic parent manganite system CaMnO3 and unveil the formation dynamics of a long-range ferromagnetic state. We resonantly target intense charge transfer electronic transitions in CaMnO3 to photodope the system and probe the subsequent dynamics of both charges and spins using a unique combination of time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy and time-resolved magneto-optical Faraday measurements. We demonstrate that photodoping promotes a long-lived population of delocalized electrons and induces a net magnetization, effectively promoting ferromagnetism resulting from light-induced carrier-mediated short-range double-exchange interactions. The picosecond set time of the magnetization, much longer than the electron timescale, and the presence of an excitation threshold are consistent with the formation of ferromagnetic patches in an antiferromagnetic background.
Introduction
Authors: Julich-Warpakowski Nina , Pérez Sobrino Paula
Published: July 2023

Metaphor research has witnessed tremendous changes in how metaphor is seen and understood. Traditionally, metaphor has been viewed as a special, creative, and noticeable use of language. Lakoff and Johnson’s Conceptual Metaphor Theory (1980) has marked a cognitive revolution by viewing metaphor as pervasive in language as well as fundamental to thought and action. More recently, the discourse revolution has re-emphasised metaphor’s manifestations in language and its function in communication. A methodological revolution has brought forth procedures to identify and analyse metaphor in naturally occurring data (such as MIP and MIPVU). Despite these advances, in the present introduction, we identify four challenges that we believe metaphor researchers are still faced with: (1) How metaphorical are metaphors? (2) whose metaphor is it anyway? (3) metaphor research needs more diversity; and (4) how to study metaphor empirically – qualitatively or quantitatively? We conclude by presenting outlines of the contributions and specify how they address these issues.
Literal or metaphorical? Conventional or creative?
Authors: Turner Sarah , Littlemore Jeannette
Published: July 2023

Metaphor has long been considered a ‘way in’ to people’s experiences, with metaphor analysis being used to gain insights into a range of psychological and physiological phenomena. However, a number of challenges arise when analysing metaphor in such contexts. We reflect on the challenges we have encountered in our research into intensely emotional and/or personal experiences related to bereavement and religious belief. Both areas showcase metaphor operating in the ‘liminal spaces’ of human experience. The spaces between life and death, personhood and non-personhood, and belief and non-belief prove rich ground for metaphor, but the qualities of these metaphors are as complex and elusive as the concepts they are being used to describe.

We explore how metaphoricity in general, and creative use of metaphor in particular, in these contexts are flexible phenomena, opening up new questions as to what ‘counts’ as a (creative) metaphor. We propose three levels at which people use or experience metaphor, show how these interact, and propose a number of methodological factors to be taken into consideration when conducting metaphor research in such complex areas of human experience.
Measurement matters
Authors: Colston Herbert
Published: July 2023

Researchers studying metaphor, as a human artifact, as a thing we use in communicating and expression, as an ability we acquire, as a seemingly fundamental process in human embodied cognition, and in other guises, face many methodological hurdles. This article considers several categories of such challenges, and with reference to and in partnership with the other articles in this special issue, seeks to suggest some means of overcoming or at least minimizing the obstacles.
PTEN is both an activator and a substrate of chaperone-mediated autophagy
Authors: Zhang Katherine K. , Burns Calvin M. , Skinner Mary E. , Lombard David B. , Miller Richard A. , Endicott S. Joseph
Published: July 2023

PTEN is a crucial negative regulator of the INS/PI3K/AKT pathway and is one of the most commonly mutated tumor suppressors in cancer. Global overexpression (OE) of PTEN in mice shifts metabolism to favor oxidative phosphorylation over glycolysis, reduces fat mass, and extends the lifespan of both sexes. We demonstrate that PTEN regulates chaperone-mediated autophagy (CMA). Using cultured cells and mouse models, we show that PTEN OE enhances CMA, dependent upon PTEN’s lipid phosphatase activity and AKT inactivation. Reciprocally, PTEN knockdown reduces CMA, which can be rescued by inhibiting class I PI3K or AKT. Both PTEN and CMA are negative regulators of glycolysis and lipid droplet formation. We show that suppression of glycolysis and lipid droplet formation downstream of PTEN OE depends on CMA activity. Finally, we show that PTEN protein levels are sensitive to CMA and that PTEN accumulates in lysosomes with elevated CMA. Collectively, these data suggest that CMA is both an effector and a regulator of PTEN.
Supplementary comparisons of national standards of ratio error and phase displacement of AC voltage of power frequency COOMET 411/RU-a/07 (COOMET.EM-S6)
Authors: Kiselev Victor , Bergman Anders , Garnacho Fernando , Grishin Maxim , Dimitrov Emil , Draxler Karel , Dubrovskaya Tatiana , Kikalo Valery , Kopshin Vladimir , Kumanova Ginka , Martin Riccardo , Styblikova Renata , Hallstrom Jari
Published: July 2023

Main text

The supplementary comparisons of national standards of ratio error and phase displacement of AC voltage of power frequency have been performed among the following national metrological institutes (NMIs): VNIIMS, MIKES-TKK, SP, CMI, LCOE, BIM and SE “Ukrmetrteststandard”. The description and measurement results are presented in the present report.

To reach the main text of this paper, click on Final Report. Note that this text is that which appears in Appendix B of the BIPM key comparison database https://www.bipm.org/kcdb/.

The final report has been peer-reviewed and approved for publication by the CCEM, according to the provisions of the CIPM Mutual Recognition Arrangement (CIPM MRA).
Subadditive average distances and quantum promptness
Authors: Piazza Federico , Tolley Andrew J
Published: July 2023

A central property of a classical geometry is that the geodesic distance between two events is additive. When considering quantum fluctuations in the metric or a quantum or statistical superposition of different spacetimes, additivity is generically lost at the level of expectation values. In the presence of a superposition of metrics, distances can be made diffeomorphism invariant by considering the frame of a family of free-falling observers or a pressureless fluid, provided we work at sufficiently low energies. We propose to use the average squared distance between two events

⟨

d
2

(
x
,
y
)
⟩

as a proxy for understanding the effective quantum (or statistical) geometry and the emergent causal relations among such observers. At each point, the average squared distance

⟨

d
2

(
x
,
y
)
⟩

defines an average metric tensor. However, due to non-additivity,

⟨

d
2

(
x
,
y
)
⟩

is not the (squared) geodesic distance associated with it. We show that departures from additivity can be conveniently captured by a bi-local quantity

C
(
x
,
y
)

. Violations of additivity build up with the mutual separation between x and y and can correspond to C < 0 (subadditive) or C > 0 (superadditive). We show that average Euclidean distances are always subadditive: they satisfy the triangle inequality but generally fail to saturate it. In Lorentzian signature there is no definite result about the sign of C, most physical examples give C < 0 but there exist counterexamples. The causality induced by subadditive Lorentzian distances is unorthodox but not pathological. Superadditivity violates the transitivity of causal relations. On these bases, we argue that subadditive distances are the expected outcome of dynamical evolution, if relatively generic physical initial conditions are considered.
Adherence of the rotating vortex lattice in the noncentrosymmetric superconductor Ru7B3 to the London model
Authors: Cameron A S , Tymoshenko Y V , Portnichenko P Y , Sukhanov A S , Ciomaga Hatnean M , McK Paul D , Balakrishnan G , Cubitt R , Inosov D S
Published: July 2023

The noncentrosymmetric superconductor Ru7B3 has in previous studies demonstrated remarkably unusual behaviour in its vortex lattice (VL), where the nearest neighbour directions of the vortices dissociate from the crystal lattice and instead show a complex field-history dependence, and the VL rotates as the field is changed. In this study, we look at the VL form factor of Ru7B3 during this field-history dependence, to check for deviations from established models, such as the London model. We find that the data is well described by the anisotropic London model, which is in accordance with theoretical predictions that the alterations to the structure of the vortices due to broken inversion symmetry should be small. From this, we also extract values for the penetration depth and coherence length.
Direct observation of concentration fluctuations in Au–Si eutectic liquid by small-angle neutron scattering
Authors: Sakaguchi Yoshifumi , Takata Shin-ichi , Kawakita Yukinobu , Fujimura Yuki , Kondo Keietsu
Published: July 2023

It is well-known that eutectic gold–silicon (Au–Si) alloys exhibit anomalous melting point depression, which is more than 1000 °C from the melting point of elemental Si (1414 °C). The melting point depression in eutectic alloys is generally explained in terms of a decrease of the free energy by mixing. However, it is difficult to understand the anomalous melting point depression only from the stability of the homogeneous mixing. Some researchers suggest that there are concentration fluctuations in the liquids, where the atoms are inhomogeneously mixed. In this paper, we measure the small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) of Au81.4Si18.6 (eutectic composition) and Au75Si25 (off-eutectic composition) at temperatures from room temperature to 900 °C in both solid and liquid states to observe such concentration fluctuations directly. It is surprising that large SANS signals are observed in the liquids. This indicates that there are concentration fluctuations in the liquids. The concentration fluctuations are characterized by either the correlation lengths in multiple length scales or surface fractals. This finding yields new insight into the mixing state in the eutectic liquids. The mechanism of the anomalous melting point depression is discussed based on the concentration fluctuations.
Reference-free infrared thermography detection with subsurface heating for deep cavity in adhesive of hidden frame glass curtain wall
Authors: Hong Xiaobin , Chen Junhao , Lin Jinfan , Ren Zeming , Zhang Bin
Published: July 2023

Since the current infrared thermography (IRT) is not effective in detecting deep and invisible cavities in the silicone structural adhesive of hidden frame glass curtain walls (HFGCW), a reference-free IRT with subsurface heating for the deep cavity is proposed. A near-infrared linear laser with high energy density and high transmission is chosen as the subsurface heating source to directly heat the silicone structural adhesive through the glass. Temporal sequence reconstruction and image enhancement based on reference-free calibration are proposed to reduce thermal inhomogenety and thermal noise and ensure comparable results for damage detection under different environments. The effects of traditional surface heating and subsurface heating are compared and analyzed through numerical simulations. And an evaluated feature, which is the maximal temperature difference feature, derived from temperature difference is used to quantitatively analyze the thermal effect caused by different cavities. The subsurface heating simulation results showed that the highest temperature difference between the region with cavity and defect-free region is up to 88% higher than that of traditional surface heating. The experiments revealed that the deep cavities of different lengths, located at 7 mm, 9 mm, and 11 mm below the glass surface, can be successfully detected using subsurface heating and reference-free calibration. A quadratic linear model is proposed to reflect the relationship between the depths and lengths of cavities and the evaluated feature. In conclusion, the proposed method can protect the HFGCW from deep and invisible cavities which can reduce its adhesion and strength.
Asymptotics of the deformed higher order Airy-kernel determinants and applications
Authors: Xia Jun , Hao Yi-Fan , Xu Shuai-Xia , Zhang Lun , Zhao Yu-Qiu
Published: July 2023

We study the one-parameter family of Fredholm determinants

det
(
I
−

ρ
2

K

n
,
x

)

,

ρ
∈

R

, where

K

n
,
x

stands for the integral operator acting on

L
2

(
x
,
+
∞
)

with the higher order Airy kernel. This family of determinants represents a new universal class of distributions which is a higher order analogue of the classical Tracy–Widom distribution. Each of the determinants admits an integral representation in terms of a special real solution to the nth member of the Painlevé II hierarchy. Using the Riemann–Hilbert approach, we establish asymptotics of the determinants and the associated higher order Painlevé II transcendents as

x
→
−
∞

for

0
<

|

ρ

|

<
1

and

|

ρ

|

>
1

, respectively. In the case of

0
<

|

ρ

|

<
1

, we are able to calculate the constant term in the asymptotic expansion of the determinants, while for

|

ρ

|

>
1

, the relevant asymptotics exhibit singular behaviours. Applications of our results are also discussed, which particularly include asymptotic statistical properties of the counting function for the random point process defined by the higher order Airy kernel.
Low regularity well-posedness for KP-I equations: the dispersion-generalized case
Authors: Sanwal Akansha , Schippa Robert
Published: July 2023

We prove new well-posedness results for dispersion-generalized Kadomtsev–Petviashvili I equations in

R

2

, which family links the classical KP-I equation with the fifth order KP-I equation. For strong enough dispersion, we show global well-posedness in

L
2

(

R

2

)

. To this end, we combine resonance and transversality considerations with Strichartz estimates and a nonlinear Loomis–Whitney inequality. Moreover, we prove that for small dispersion, the equations cannot be solved via Picard iteration. In this case, we use an additional frequency dependent time localization.
Preparation of graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) for novel dielectric and photocatalytic dye removal applications
Authors: Gupta Aayush , Jaidka Sachin , Rajagopalan Pandey , Mehtani Hitesh Kumar , Singhal Varun , Pandey O P
Published: July 2023

Recent developments in 2D nanomaterials have greatly expanded their use in engineering applications. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) shows a combination of electrical conductivity, sensing and luminescence abilities, biocompatibility, and chemical stability. The present study showcases the effectiveness of g-C3N4 as a photocatalyst for removing various organic molecules from water (such as methylene blue, 4-nitrophenol, and pharmaceutical drugs) and its potential use in dielectric applications when combined with an organic polymer (polyvinylidene fluoride; PVDF). XRD patterns confirmed the formation of g-C3N4 (which is complimented by the UV-Visible and FTIR results) and PVDF-g-C3N4 composite film. SEM-EDS verified the chemical homogeneity of the as-prepared g-C3N4 powder. Maximum photocatalytic degradation was observed for methylene blue dye (96.48%) with a half-life of 24.18 min, whereas the least degradation was detected for hydroxychloroquine (53.10%) with a half-life of 90.12 min after 120 min of UV-visible exposure. 10 wt% C3N4 reinforced PVDF thick films exhibited stable dielectric properties at low temperature (below 60°C) as compared to PVDF alone. At 1 kHz, the dielectric permittivity and tangent loss of the PVDF-g-C3N4 composites come out to be ∼6 and ∼0.05, respectively (at room temperature). The AC conductivity and activation energy of the synthesized composite was also studied.
Cosmic microwave background anisotropies generated by cosmic strings with small-scale structure
Authors: Silva R.P. , Sousa L. , Rybak I.Yu.
Published: July 2023

We study the impact of kinks on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies generated by cosmic string networks. To do so, we extend the Unconnected Segment Model to describe the stress-energy tensor of a network of cosmic strings with kinks and implement this extension in CMBACT to compute the CMB anisotropies generated by these wiggly string networks. Our results show that the inclusion of kinks leads, in general, to an enhancement of the temperature and polarization angular power spectra, when compared to those generated by cosmic string networks without small-scale structure with the same energy density, on scales corresponding to the distance between kinks. This enhancement, that is more prominent in the case of the temperature anisotropies, is essentially caused by a significant increase of the vector-mode anisotropies, since kinks, due to their shape, generate vortical motions of matter — a phenomenon that is not taken into account when resorting to an effective description of wiggly cosmic strings. These results, although derived using a simplified string configuration in which the interkink distance and their sharpness remain fixed, seem to indicate that the explicit inclusion of kinks may be essential to perform more accurate predictions of the CMB anisotropies generated by cosmic strings on small scales.
The dark Stodolsky effect: constraining effective dark matter operators with spin-dependent interactions
Authors: Rostagni Guillaume , Shergold Jack D.
Published: July 2023

We present a comprehensive discussion of the Stodolsky effect for dark matter (DM), and discuss two techniques to measure the effect and constrain the DM parameter space. The Stodolsky effect is the spin-dependent shift in the energy of a Standard Model (SM) fermion sitting in a bath of neutrinos. This effect, which scales linearly in the effective coupling, manifests as a small torque on the SM fermion spin and has historically been proposed as a method of detecting the cosmic neutrino background. We generalise this effect to DM, and give expressions for the induced energy shifts for DM candidates from spin-0 to spin-3/2, considering all effective operators up to mass dimension-6. In all cases, the effect scales inversely with the DM mass, but requires an asymmetric background. We show that a torsion balance experiment is sensitive to energy shifts of ΔE ≳ 10-28 eV, whilst a more intricate setup using a SQUID magnetometer is sensitive to shifts of ΔE ≳ 10-32 eV. Finally, we compute the energy shifts for a model of scalar DM, and demonstrate that the Stodolsky effect can be used to constrain regions of parameter space that are not presently excluded.
Dipole cosmology: the Copernican paradigm beyond FLRW
Authors: Krishnan Chethan , Mondol Ranjini , Sheikh-Jabbari M.M.
Published: July 2023

We introduce the dipole cosmological principle, the idea that the Universe is a maximally Copernican cosmology, compatible with a cosmic flow. It serves as the most symmetric paradigm that generalizes the FLRW ansatz, in light of the increasingly numerous (but still tentative) hints that have emerged in the last two decades for a non-kinematic component in the CMB dipole. Einstein equations in our “dipole cosmology” are still ordinary differential equations — but instead of the two Friedmann equations, now we have four. The two new functions can be viewed as an anisotropic scale factor that breaks the isotropy group from SO(3) to U(1), and a “tilt” that captures the cosmic flow velocity. The result is an axially isotropic, tilted Bianchi V/VII_h cosmology. We assess the possibility of model building within the dipole cosmology paradigm, and discuss the dynamics of expansion rate, anisotropic shear and tilt, in various examples. A key observation is that the cosmic flow (tilt) can grow even while the anisotropy (shear) dies down. Remarkably, this can happen even in an era of late time acceleration.
Beyond alpha band: prestimulus local oscillation and interregional synchrony of the beta band shape the temporal perception of the audiovisual beep-flash stimulus
Authors: Jiang Zeliang , An Xingwei , Liu Shuang , Yin Erwei , Yan Ye , Ming Dong
Published: July 2023

Objective. Multisensory integration is more likely to occur if the multimodal inputs are within a narrow temporal window called temporal binding window (TBW). Prestimulus local neural oscillations and interregional synchrony within sensory areas can modulate cross-modal integration. Previous work has examined the role of ongoing neural oscillations in audiovisual temporal integration, but there is no unified conclusion. This study aimed to explore whether local ongoing neural oscillations and interregional audiovisual synchrony modulate audiovisual temporal integration. Approach. The human participants performed a simultaneity judgment (SJ) task with the beep-flash stimuli while recording electroencephalography. We focused on two stimulus onset asynchrony (SOA) conditions where subjects report ∼50% proportion of synchronous responses in auditory- and visual-leading SOA (A50V and V50A). Main results. We found that the alpha band power is larger in synchronous response in the central-right posterior and posterior sensors in A50V and V50A conditions, respectively. The results suggested that the alpha band power reflects neuronal excitability in the auditory or visual cortex, which can modulate audiovisual temporal perception depending on the leading sense. Additionally, the SJs were modulated by the opposite phases of alpha (5–10 Hz) and low beta (14–20 Hz) bands in the A50V condition while the low beta band (14–18 Hz) in the V50A condition. One cycle of alpha or two cycles of beta oscillations matched an auditory-leading TBW of ∼86 ms, while two cycles of beta oscillations matched a visual-leading TBW of ∼105 ms. This result indicated the opposite phases in the alpha and beta bands reflect opposite cortical excitability, which modulated the audiovisual SJs. Finally, we found stronger high beta (21–28 Hz) audiovisual phase synchronization for synchronous response in the A50V condition. The phase synchrony of the beta band might be related to maintaining information flow between visual and auditory regions in a top-down manner. Significance. These results clarified whether and how the prestimulus brain state, including local neural oscillations and functional connectivity between brain regions, affects audiovisual temporal integration.
Array of time-of-flight diamond detectors for particle discrimination in laser driven p-11B fusion experiments
Authors: Verona C. , Marinelli M. , Raso A.M. , Verona Rinati G. , Cirrone G.A.P. , Petringa G. , Giuffrida L. , Dostál J. , Krupka M. , Consoli F.
Published: July 2023

The detection of radiation emission in laser induced plasma experiments is an helpful
method for gaining information on the physics of laser-matter interaction. Time-of-Flight (TOF)
approach is a powerful and effective method to obtain timely spectra of particles accelerated from
laser-generated plasma. To this respect, diamond-based detectors are very attractive due to their
interesting features such as fast signal collection time, signal proportional to the energy
deposited by the incident radiation, blindness to visible radiation, high radiation hardness and
low leakage current at room temperature operation. Unfortunately, they cannot supply
discrimination on the species of the incoming ions, but only their energies. This may be overcome
using specific filtering foils to exploit the different stopping powers of ions of different
species and energies. In this work we describe the method to distinguish particles using an array
of TOF diamond detectors. A first prototype array, consisting of 2×2 diamond detectors, nominally
identical and featuring by aluminum filters of different thicknesses, was developed and
preliminary tested at PALS facility in Prague.