bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Klinische Anwendungen der OCTA in der okulären Onkologie: Lichtblicke und Tücken
Authors: Pellegrini Marco , Staurenghi Giovanni , Preziosa Chiara
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund: Die optische Kohärenztomografie-Angiografie (OCTA) ist ein nützliches Bildgebungsinstrument für die Diagnose verschiedener Netzhaut- und Aderhauterkrankungen. Ihre Rolle in der okulären Onkologie ist klinisch vielversprechend, aber noch umstritten. In diesem Übersichtsartikel werden die wichtigsten Anwendungen und Grenzen der OCTA für die Untersuchung von intraokularen Tumoren beschrieben. Zusammenfassung: OCTA ermöglicht eine schnelle, sichere, kostengünstige und hochauflösende Visualisierung des retinalen und choroidalen Gefäßsystems. Es gab Versuche, diese Technologie in der okulären Onkologie zur Unterscheidung von gutartigen und bösartigen Läsionen und zur Unterstützung der Ärzte bei der Beurteilung und Überwachung von Komplikationen nach der Behandlung einzusetzen. Zu den wichtigsten Einschränkungen gehören die nicht korrekte Segmentierung aufgrund des inneren Tumorprofils oder der Tumordicke, das schlechte Eindringen des Lasers in die Läsion, der Maskierungseffekt durch darüberliegende Flüssigkeit, die Lichtundurchlässigkeit des Mediums sowie eine schlechte Fixierung.
Frontline Therapy in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia
Authors: Arguello-Tomas Miguel , Albiol Nil , Moreno Carol
Published: October 2023

Background: The treatment landscape of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) has tremendously evolved in the last decades, thanks to the introduction of more effective therapies. Summary: Frontline therapy for patients with CLL includes chemoimmunotherapy (CIT) and pathway inhibitors (PIs) (i.e., bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors and BCL2 inhibitors); the latter has proved to be more effective than CIT mainly in patients with high-risk features (e.g., TP53 aberrations and unmutated IGHV) with acceptable toxicity. Combinations of PIs are playing the protagonist role as frontline therapy for CLL. Key Messages: In this article, the management of treatment-naïve patients with CLL is discussed.
O estar em comum de Cristina Rivera Garza
Authors: Kaspar Katerina Blasques
Published: October 2023

Este artigo se trata de uma aproximação inicial à obra de Cristina Rivera Garza, escritora e professora mexicana estabelecida nos Estados Unidos desde os anos 1990. Ela é responsável pela proposição e direção do programa de pós-graduação em Escrita Criativa, vinculado ao Departamento de Estudos Hispânicos da Universidade de Houston. Praticando o que tem sido chamado por escrita documental, em que o interesse em dar a ver os documentos de investigação supera a discussão sobre a tensão entre ficcional e não-ficcional, algumas de suas obras mais conhecidas são Habia mucha neblina o humo o no sé qué (2016), sobre o escritor mexicano Juan Rulfo; Nadie me verá llorar (1999) e La Castañeda (2010), respectivamente um romance e um relato histórico sobre um hospital psiquiátrico no México, tema de sua tese de doutorado; e Andamos perras, andamos diablas (2021), reedição de seu primeiro livro de contos, La guerra no importa (1991), em que discute a temática do feminicídio. Sua obra ficcional mais recente, El invencible verano de Liliana (2021), adentra e dá a ver os documentos de investigação sobre o feminicídio de sua irmã mais nova. Sua obra é escrita majoritariamente em espanhol e aborda questões relacionadas ao contexto mexicano, sendo marcada por contos, trabalhos investigativos, poesia, romances e ensaios críticos. Estaremos interessados aqui por sua publicação ensaística Los muertos indóciles. Necroescrituras y desapropiación (2019), na qual a escritora defende as noções de “necroescritas” e de “desapropriação” e em que articula uma variedade de noções advindas do campo intelectual francês, os deslocando para seu próprio contexto crítico-literário. Nosso foco estará sobretudo direcionado aos três primeiros ensaios da obra, nos quais a autora atualiza para seu campo de discussão noções como por exemplo “a morte do autor” (Roland Barthes), “a função autor” (Michel Foucault) e “a comunidade inoperada” (Jean-Luc Nancy). Buscaremos mostrar como Rivera Garza estabelece este contato e como ele é produtivo para seu pensamento crítico.
Élida Lois e a crítica genética: Antecipação, circulação, autonomia
Authors: Kurz Giovani T.
Published: October 2023

Reconhecendo a ampla circulação da crítica genética no fim do século XX e, em especial, no XXI, este artigo organiza uma revisita panorâmica à obra crítica de Élida Lois (Buenos Aires, 1939) de modo a dar protagonismo ao seu trabalho fundacional neste contexto teórico-metodológico. Proponho aqui uma leitura dos usos teóricos que Lois fez do pensamento europeu, francês em particular, sobre a criação literária e seus rastros, dialogando, incorporando e rejeitando determinados horizontes críticos que convergiam com as investigações já desenvolvidas em espaço sul-americano. Articulo, por fim, uma tradição possível para os estudos genéticos na Argentina, de Ana María Barrenechea a Graciela Goldchluk.
Uma ascese perversa: uma leitura barthesiana de O caderno rosa de Lori Lamby (1990), de Hilda Hilst
Authors: Miotto Flávia Herédia
Published: October 2023

Este artigo propõe uma leitura de O caderno rosa de Lori Lamby (1990), por meio das noções de texto de prazer e texto de gozo, presentes na obra O prazer do texto (1973), de Roland Barthes. A hipótese principal trabalhada aqui, arregimentada pela fortuna crítica de Hilst (Rosenfeld, Muzart, Moraes, Pécora, Hansen, Silva, entre outros) é a de que a obra hilstiana em questão pode ser lida enquanto um texto de gozo, já que produz uma fenda, uma ruptura, uma transgressão em relação à ordem social.  Há também, neste artigo, uma proposta de leitura da obra em questão enquanto um texto de prazer. Além dessas proposições de leitura, uma discussão sobre a figura do leitor e sua função no processo de atribuição de sentidos ao texto literário é realizada e, para tal, autores como Barthes, Perrone-Moisés e Culler são convocados ao debate. Por fim, algumas apreciações sobre O caderno rosa de Lori Lamby (1990) presentes em sites como Amazon e Goodreads são analisadas, de maneira a observar a recepção atual dessa obra por leitores “comuns”. Este artigo, portanto, em consonância com a chamada “Travessias da crítica na América Latina” tem a intenção de explorar os ecos dos textos barthesianos nas obras literárias latino-americanas e em suas recepções, contribuindo com os estudos de Barthes e Hilst no Brasil, revisitando seus textos e suscitando novas (e plurais) leituras em torno dessas produções.
Alegoria, estilo e crítica dialética em Fredric Jameson
Authors: Lopes Wibsson
Published: October 2023

O artigo parte de uma leitura de duas das principais obras teóricas de Jameson, o livro Marxism And Form (1974) e o livro Political Unconscious (2006) para tentar compreender o que o autor entende por crítica dialética, ligada a uma ideia de estilo ou escrita dialética. Os conceitos de ideologia e alegoria são fundamentais nessa empreitada, como pretendemos mostrar através de uma apresentação do método construído por Jameson em sua obra Political Unconscious e subsequentemente repensado e aprimorado até seus trabalhos mais atuais. Passamos também por alguns leitores e comentaristas da obra de Jameson para enriquecer a visão sobre esse autor que apresenta um exemplo de crítica e interpretação inspirada no marxismo e na dialética hegeliana.
BRAZILIAN PAPERS EM PÁGINAS ESTADUNIDENSES DURANTE O REGIME MILITAR
Authors: Muñoz Daniel Azevedo
Published: October 2023

Este artigo visa apresentar como os veículos de mídia brasileiros apareceram na cobertura dos principais jornais e agências de notícias internacionais que trabalharam no país durante os anos do Regime Militar (1964-1985). Com este trabalho historiográfico, a pesquisa apresentada permite que se ampliem estudos sobre: as distinções entre os métodos de censura aplicados a veículos nacionais e internacionais; o decorrer das mudanças nas políticas externas brasileiras e estadunidenses ao longo dos 21 anos de ditadura, refletidas no jornalismo transnacional; a evolução midiática nacional e sua influência política, considerando as alterações no modelo jornalístico, outorgadas pela realidade da Guerra Fria. Este artigo ambiciona uma proposta interdisciplinar e transnacional para o objeto oferecido.
INFORMAÇÃO E FORMAÇÃO: O JORNALISMO “PRETO E LIVRE” DA AGÊNCIA DE NOTÍCIAS ALMA PRETA
Authors: Felix Edilaine Heleodoro
Published: October 2023

O artigo reflete sobre a comunicação alternativa e o jornalismo alternativo e antirracista, por meio da análise das editorias e pautas da agência de notícias Alma Preta, focada na temática racial. Diante das constantes transformações jornalísticas e de novas práticas informacionais, veículos de mídia alternativa resgatam o conceito de comunicação alternativa dos anos 1960 e 1970, como uma opção à mídia hegemônica. O site Alma Preta assume esse papel ao abordar temas como as questões raciais, de gênero e direitos humanos. O texto apresenta uma discussão teórica embasada em autores como Peruzzo (2006, 2008, 2009), Oliveira (2009) e Felix, Fragoso e Costa (2017). Além disso, busca compreender os princípios da atividade jornalística alternativa e antirracista ao explorar as características e propósitos da Alma Preta.
A IDENTIFICAÇÃO DOS ELEMENTOS PARASSONOROS NO PODCAST: UM ESTUDO DA SÉRIE PISTOLEIROS
Authors: Oliveira Lorenna Aracelly Cabral de , Kneipp Valquiria Aparecida Passos
Published: October 2023

Nesta pesquisa, pretendeu-se discutir o uso dos elementos parassonoros (KISCHINHEVSKY E MODESTO, 2014) utilizado por podcasts para compreender em que medida ocorre a associação destes recursos entre o áudio e as novas possibilidades narrativas. A proposta teve como objetivo investigar a utilização dos elementos parassonoros no podcast Pistoleiros e o debate da convergência, permeando questões que envolvem a construção da narrativa multimídia, tendo o podcast como elemento central. Para tanto adotou-se como metodologia o estudo de caso de caráter exploratório e descritivo. Como objeto empírico selecionou-se a série em áudio Pistoleiros (2021), foi possível considerar que a adoção dos elementos parassonoros pela produção colaborou na experiência narrativa devido a caracterização da convergência midiática, que ampliou o conteúdo para outros formatos.
INTOLERÂNCIA RELIGIOSA E AS MÍDIAS: ANÁLISE DO DISCURSO EM “O CASO EVANDRO”
Authors: Garcia Bruno Militão , Soares Rosana Lima
Published: October 2023

Este artigo busca, tendo como base os estudos sobre estigmas sociais e os conceitos compartilhados por linhas teóricas da análise do discurso, analisar as formas pelas quais os discursos de intolerância religiosa se apresentam nas narrativas dos episódios do caso que ficou, nos anos de 1990, conhecido como “Bruxas de Guaratuba”. Além disso, pretende identificar e apontar os possíveis efeitos de sentido em relação ao reforço ou questionamento dos estigmas sociais cristalizados e reproduzidos pelos discursos veiculados no podcast “Projeto Humanos: O Caso Evandro” (2018-2020). Este artigo concentra algumas constatações obtidas em iniciação científica realizada na Escola de Comunicações e Artes da USP, sob orientação da Profª. Drª. Rosana de Lima Soares.
A CONSTRUÇÃO DA MEMÓRIA SOBRE SÉRGIO RICARDO NO FESTIVAL DE MPB DE 1967 ATRAVÉS DOS TESTEMUNHOS DE JORNALISTAS DA REVISTA INTERVALO
Authors: Magnolo Talita Souza , Chaves Ana Paula Dessupoio
Published: October 2023

O Festival de MPB de 1967 é visto como um “divisor de águas” para a época. A cobertura midiática da competição, transmitida pela TV Record foi extensa e ocupou as páginas dos principais veículos impressos da época, construindo, assim, diversas narrativas, em especial, sobre Sérgio Ricardo e o episódio em que arremessou o violão na plateia. Este artigo tem como objetivo recuperar depoimentos de jornalistas da revista Intervalo (1963-1972), da Editora Abril, sobre o cantor e compositor Sérgio Ricardo. Partindo dos resultados de uma análise, anteriormente realizada, sobre a construção narrativa presente na cobertura feita pelo semanário, objetiva-se realizar um estudo comparativo que busca entender as percepções dos profissionais que trabalham na publicação. Os testemunhos foram coletados por meio da metodologia de História Oral, em 2017.
Dramaturgia e corpocidade: poéticas do olhar e processos criativos
Authors: Costa Felisberto Sabino da , Assis Luana Sevarolli
Published: October 2023

Este trabalho, que se vincula à pesquisa desenvolvida em O Círculo – Grupo de Estudos Híbridos das Artes da Cena1, busca discutir o conceito de corpocidade como uma possibilidade dramatúrgica, construída a partir da ação e do recorte de enquadramentos com o olhar. O contexto urbano contemporâneo aparece como um convite a transformar-se a partir da presença e da performatividade. Desse modo, o registro da experiência do e no corpocidade configura-se como possibilidade de constituir dramaturgias apontando para a eclosão de diferentes verdades, ao invés de uma única. Interessa-nos o recorte do dramaturgo (e da dramaturgia) que incorpora a urbe como disparadora desses processos. Assim, expõem-se algumas experiências que podem ser referências concretas de práticas e não um modelo a ser seguido. Muito se teoriza sobre como provocar a nós mesmos, artistas-pesquisadores, para que possamos despertar estados potenciais de criação, e essa pesquisa convida a olhar para a experiência na cidade como prática performativa.
Voces del folclor chileno: producción discográfica y sonidos del pueblo (1950-1986)
Authors: Jordán González Laura
Published: October 2023

Este artículo analiza la representación de voces “folclóricas” chilenas en el catálogo estadounidense de la Smithsonian Institution, específicamente de discos de sus sellos Folkways, Monitor y Paredon. Cada uno a su manera, buscaba registrar y difundir sonidos de los pueblos del mundo, ya sea con un fin educativo, solidario o proselitista. Se interrogan, por una parte, las estrategias discursivas llevadas a cabo para perfilar voces “auténticas”, cuestionando el tratamiento laxo de la información recopilada y su relación con los sonidos registrados. Se busca visibilizar la participación de profesionales de la etnomusicología en la producción de imágenes musicales para las audiencias norteamericanas e internacionales. Asimismo, se enfatiza en los usos políticos que quienes producen esperan dar a los discos en el contexto de las transformaciones progresistas con vocación popular.
Escuta Profissional: Ouvindo passados sensíveis em artefatos e máquinas de reprodução sonora (1908-2001)
Authors: Macedo Bruno Tavares Magalhães
Published: October 2023

This article analyzes the selection of 18 phonograms found on CD 1 of the publication “500 years of Brazilian popular music”, a book with two CDs published by the Museu da Imagem e do Som in Rio de Janeiro, 2001. Referenced in the historiography of sound, listening and music, the article proposes to think about professional listening in history and recording technique among different social groups. A research was carried out on the production dates of the 18 phonograms of CD 1 (1908-2001). The use of sound reproduction machines and artifacts, from mechanical recordings to the digital CD era, background the analysis of the selection pointing out some cultural choices to which the technique of recording and sound reproduction is submitted when the museum writes the history of popular music in Brazil at the turn of the 21st century.
Os leitores vitorianos de Wilkie Collins
Authors: Silva Ana Carolina
Published: October 2023

The aim of this paper is to examine the relations between the British writer Wilkie Collins (1824-1889) and his Victorian readers. By indicating the profile of Collins’ readers, this investigation seeks to analyze not only the reading practices current in the British society of the middle of the nineteenth century, but also to delineate the conditions and the dynamics of production, circulation and reception of the Victorian novels published in the periodicals. Thus, it is an exercise that thinks the fictional writing beyond the internal protocols of the literary text, by trying not to lose track of and bring to the investigative plan the importance of the materiality of textual supports during the process of the construction of the narrative and its meanings. It is via the triangulation between writing, publication norms and reading experiences that the paths of history and literature cross in this study.
Os últimos dias de Astrojildo Pereira: a separação de seu arquivo e as consequências para a construção da historiografia sobre o movimento operário brasileiro
Authors: Maldonado Luccas Eduardo
Published: October 2023

This text aims to historically map the destinies of Astrojildo Pereira’s personal archive in the second half of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st. This man accumulated a large number of documents and books linked to his political activism and literary activity. The material did not have a simple destination. It was not referred to a safekeeping institution. It was separated into several parts due to state interference and family economic difficulties. The collection would be made available for research in four parts at the three public higher education institutions in the state of São Paulo decades later.
Aspectos linguísticos e culturais na adaptação de instrumento para a identificação de apraxia de fala na infância
Authors: Silva Letícia Cristina , Hage Simone Rocha de Vasconcellos
Published: October 2023

O objetivo do estudo foi realizar uma análise crítica das diretrizes para tradução e adaptação transcultural de instrumentos na área da saúde, apontando os aspectos linguísticos e culturais na adaptação de um instrumento que identifica apraxia de fala na infância. O processo de tradução foi baseado nas diretrizes de Beaton et. al. (2000), com algumas alterações: (1) tradução; (2) Síntese da Tradução; (3) Retrotradução; (4) Comitê de Peritos; (5) Revisão Final. Todos os aspectos linguísticos e culturais foram adaptados na tradução e os itens classificados como tendo problemas de equivalência foram alterados, buscando a melhor adaptação possível. Concluímos que o propósito e público alvo do texto são muito importantes e devem ser considerados no processo, e que a experiência do tradutor é uma das chaves para a qualidade da tradução.
Qualidade dos dados antropométricos infantis do Sisvan, Brasil, 2008-2017
Authors: Silva Natanael de Jesus , Mello e Silva Juliana Freitas de , Carrilho Thaís Rangel Bousquet , Pinto Elizabete de Jesus , Andrade Rafaella da Costa Santin de , Silva Sara Araújo , Pedroso Jéssica , Spaniol Ana Maria , Bortolini Gisele Ane , Fagundes Andhressa , Nilson Eduardo Augusto Fernandes , Fiaccone Rosemeire Leovigildo , Kac Gilberto , Barreto Maurício Lima , Ribeiro-Silva Rita de Cássia
Published: October 2023

OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças registradas no Sistema de Vigilância Alimentar e Nutricional (Sisvan) no período 2008-2017. MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo sobre a qualidade dos dados antropométricos de crianças menores de 5 anos atendidas nos serviços de atenção primária do Sistema Único de Saúde, a partir das bases de dados individuais do Sisvan. A qualidade dos dados foi avaliada anualmente por meio dos indicadores: cobertura, completude, razão entre sexos, distribuição da idade, preferência por dígitos de peso e estatura, valores de escore-z implausíveis, desvio-padrão e normalidade dos escores-z. RESULTADOS: N o t otal, 7 3.745.023 r egistros e 2 9.852.480 c rianças f oram i dentificados. A cobertura aumentou de 17,7% em 2008 para 45,4% em 2017. A completude da data de nascimento, peso e estatura correspondeu a quase 100% para todos os anos. A razão entre sexos foi equilibrada e aproximadamente similar a razão esperada, variando entre 0,8 e 1. A distribuição da idade revelou maiores percentuais de registros entre as idades de 2 a 4 anos até meados de 2015. Uma preferência pelos dígitos terminais “zero” e “cinco” foi identificada entre os registros de peso e estatura. As porcentagens de escores-z implausíveis excederam 1% para todos os índices antropométricos, com redução dos valores a partir de 2014. Uma alta dispersão dos escores-z, incluindo desvios-padrão entre 1,2 e 1,6, foi identificada principalmente nos índices incluindo estatura e nos registros de crianças menores de 2 anos e residentes das regiões Norte, Nordeste e Centro-Oeste. A distribuição dos escores-z foi simétrica para todos os índices e platicúrtica para estatura/idade e peso/idade. CONCLUSÕES: A qualidade dos dados antropométricos do Sisvan para crianças menores de 5 anos melhorou substancialmente entre 2008 e 2017. Alguns indicadores requerem atenção, sobretudo para medidas de estatura, cuja qualidade foi principalmente inferior entre os grupos mais vulneráveis a agravos nutricionais.
Fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para DNT e sono em adolescentes brasileiros
Authors: Lima Raina Jansen Cutrim Propp , Batalha Mônica Araujo , Ribeiro Cecília Cláudia Costa , Lima Neto Pedro Martins , Silva Antônio Augusto Moura da , Batista Rosângela Fernandes Lucena
Published: October 2023

OBJETIVO: Analisar a associação entre fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para doenças não transmissíveis e parâmetros do sono em adolescentes brasileiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal que utilizou dados do Consórcio de Coortes RPS, São Luís, Brasil para o seguimento de adolescentes de 18-19 anos (n = 2.515). Os desfechos foram a sonolência diurna excessiva (Escala de Sonolência de Epworth – ESE) e a qualidade do sono (Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh – IQSP). As exposições de interesse foram os fatores de risco comportamentais para doenças não transmissíveis (DNT): tempo de tela, inatividade física, álcool, cigarro, drogas ilícitas, consumo de cafeína, consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar. O excesso de peso foi considerado um possível mediador dessa associação entre as exposições de interesse e os desfechos. Os modelos foram analisados por modelagem com equações estruturais. RESULTADOS: A inatividade física (Coeficiente padronizado, CP = 0,112; p = 0,001), maior consumo de álcool (CP = 0,168; p = 0,019) e de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001) foram associados a sonolência diurna excessiva nos adolescentes; a melhor situação socioeconômica também foi associada a este desfecho (CP = 0,128; p < 0,001). A inatividade física (CP = 0,147; p < 0,001) e o maior consumo de bebidas adoçadas com açúcar (CP = 0,089; p = 0,003) também se associaram com a qualidade do sono ruim. O excesso de peso não foi mediador e nem associado à qualidade do sono ou à sonolência diurna excessiva. CONCLUSÕES: Os principais fatores de risco comportamentais modificáveis para DNT estão associados a piores parâmetros do sono já na adolescência; alertando para um quadro de acúmulos de riscos para distúrbios de sono no futuro.
Human Plaque Myofibroblasts to Study Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis
Authors: Buono Michele F. , Benavente Ernest Diez , Slenders Lotte , Methorst Daisey , Tessels Daniëlle , Mili Eloi , Finger Roxy , Kapteijn Daniek , Daniels Mark , van den Dungen Noortje A. M. , Calis Jorg J. A. , Mol Barend M. , de Borst Gert J. , de Kleijn Dominique P. V. , Pasterkamp Gerard , den Ruijter Hester M. , Mokry Michal
Published: October 2023

Background

Plaque myofibroblasts are critical players in the initiation and advancement of atherosclerotic disease. They are involved in the production of extracellular matrix, the formation of the fibrous cap, and the underlying lipidic core via modulation processes in response to different environmental cues. Despite clear phenotypic differences between myofibroblast cells and healthy vascular smooth muscle cells, smooth muscle cells are still widely used as a cellular model in atherosclerotic research.

Methods and Results

Here, we present a conditioned outgrowth method to isolate and culture myofibroblast cells from plaques. We obtained these cells from 27 donors (24 carotid and 3 femoral endarterectomies). We show that they keep their proliferative capacity for 8 passages, are transcriptionally stable, retain donor‐specific gene expression programs, and express extracellular matrix proteins (
FN1
,
COL1A1
, and
DCN
) and smooth muscle cell markers (
ACTA2
,
MYH11
, and
CNN1
). Single‐cell transcriptomics reveals that the cells in culture closely resemble the plaque myofibroblasts. Chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing shows the presence of histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation at the
MYH11
promoter, pointing to their smooth muscle cell origin. Finally, we demonstrated that plaque myofibroblasts can be efficiently transduced (>97%) and are capable of taking up oxidized low‐density lipoprotein and undergoing calcification.

Conclusions

In conclusion, we present a method to isolate and culture cells that retain plaque myofibroblast phenotypical and functional capabilities, making them a suitable in vitro model for studying selected mechanisms of atherosclerosis.
Ticagrelor Versus Clopidogrel in Minor Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack With Intracranial Artery Stenosis: A Post Hoc Analysis of CHANCE‐2
Authors: Wang Chunjuan , Jia Weili , Jing Jing , Meng Xia , Wang Anxin , Xu Qin , Zhang Xinmiao , Pan Yuesong , Xie Xuewei , Johnston S. Claiborne , Bath Philip M. , Lin Jinxi , Jiang Yong , Li Hao , Wang Yilong , Zhao Xingquan , Liu Liping , Li Zixiao , Wang Yongjun ,   for the CHANCE‐2 Investigators
Published: October 2023

Background

This study aimed to investigate the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor–aspirin versus clopidogrel–aspirin in Chinese patients by the presence and clinical presentation of intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) using randomized trial data from the CHANCE‐2 (Clopidogrel in High‐Risk Patients With Acute Nondisabling Cerebrovascular Events‐II) trial.

Methods and Results

A total of 6412 patients with minor stroke or transient ischemic attack who carried
CYP2C19
loss‐of‐function alleles were randomized to either the ticagrelor–aspirin or clopidogrel–aspirin group. Patients without imaging of the intracranial artery were excluded from the nonprespecified subgroup analysis of CHANCE‐2. All patients included were classified into the following groups: without ICAS, symptomatic ICAS, or asymptomatic ICAS. The primary efficacy outcome was new strokes within 90 days. There were 5893 patients (median age, 64.8 years; 33.9% women) included, and 172 (4.9%), 171 (10.5%), and 57 (7.7%) cases of new strokes occurred within 90 days in the without ICAS, with symptomatic ICAS, and with asymptomatic ICAS groups, respectively. Ticagrelor–aspirin was associated with reduced risk of new stroke in patients without ICAS (62 [3.5%] versus 110 [6.3%]; hazard ratio [HR], 0.57 [95% CI, 0.41–0.78]) but not in those with symptomatic ICAS (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.56–1.05]) or in those with asymptomatic ICAS (HR, 0.77 [95% CI, 0.43–1.38]) compared with clopidogrel–aspirin (
P
for interaction=0.14). There were no significant differences in the proportion of severe or moderate bleeding events among different ICAS groups.

Conclusions

Patients without ICAS received a significantly greater benefit from ticagrelor–aspirin than clopidogrel–aspirin after minor ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, and there was no statistically significant difference between treatments in patients with symptomatic ICAS or asymptomatic ICAS.

Registration

URL:
https://www.clinicaltrials.gov
; Unique identifier: NCT04078737.
First record of two cylindrical crab species of the genus Ixa (Decapoda, Brachyura, Leucosiidae) from the eastern Arabian Sea, with a key to the species of Ixa recorded from the Indian coast
Authors: Sureandiran B. , Dave T. H. , Suyani N. K. , Karuppasamy K. , Vidhya V.
Published: October 2023

Two cylindrical crabs, Ixa cylindrus (Fabricius, 1777) and Ixa edwardsii Lucas, 1858 are herein recorded for the first time from the coastal waters of the eastern Arabian Sea. Both species were collected from the bycatch landing of the commercial demersal trawlers operated along the Gujarat coastal region, northwest coast of India, between 20 and 80 m depth. Both species have been recorded from the Bay of Bengal on the east coast of India, but there is no detailed information available on their taxonomic identification and global distributional records.
Population Exposure to Compound Precipitation–Temperature Extremes in the Past and Future Climate across India
Authors: Dash Subhasmita , Maity Rajib , Kunstmann Harald
Published: October 2023

This study explores the population exposure to an increasing number of hydroclimatic extreme events owing to the warming climate. It is well agreed that the extreme events are increasing in terms of frequency as well as intensity due to climate change and that the exposure to compound extreme events (concurrent occurrence of two or more extreme phenomena) affects population, ecosystems, and a variety of socioeconomic aspects more adversely. Specifically, the compound precipitation–temperature extremes (hot-dry and hot-wet) are considered, and the entire Indian mainland is regarded as the study region that spans over a wide variety of climatic regimes and wide variation of population density. The developed copula-based statistical method evaluates the change in population exposure to the compound extremes across the past (1981–2020) and future (near future: 2021–60 and far future: 2061–2100) due to climate change. The results indicate an increase of more than 10 million person-year exposure from the compound extremes across many regions of the country, considering both near and far future periods. Densely populated regions have experienced more significant changes in hot-wet extremes as compared with the hot-dry extremes in the past, and the same is projected to continue in the future. The increase is as much as sixfold in many parts of the country, including the Indo-Gangetic Plain and southernmost coastal regions, identified as the future hotspots with the maximum increase in exposure under all the projected warming and population scenarios. The study helps to identify the regions that may need greater attention based on the risks of population exposure to compound extremes in a warmer future.

Significance Statement

How is the growing population being affected now, and in the future, how will it be affected due to climate change induced compound extreme events? This study explores this societal consequence in terms of population exposure for the most populous country, India. An increase of more than 10 million person-year exposure from the precipitation–temperature compound extremes across many regions is indicated. Densely populated regions are expected to experience enhanced population exposure to hot-wet extremes as compared with the hot-dry extremes. Furthermore, the maximum increase in population exposure to compound extremes is expected across the Indo-Gangetic Plain and southern coastal regions of India. The outcome of the study will be helpful for adopting socioeconomic decisions toward the welfare of society.
Safety of Patients with Renal Artery Aneurysm to Proceed with Living Donation
Authors: Meshkin Dana , Kann Rachel J. , Crane Andrew C. , Wijkstrom Martin , Gunabushanam Vik , Molinari Michele , Ganoza Armando , Tevar Amit D.
Published: October 2023

Background

Renal artery aneurysm (RAA) is a rare condition that involves dilation of all layers of the arterial wall of the renal artery. The risk of rupture is rare, but intervention is recommended for larger aneurysms. Surgical decision-making regarding live donor renal transplantation (LDRT) centers around safety for the living donor, and laterality of the donated kidney is based on providing the donor with the best longevity pertaining to the remaining kidney. We looked to review our long-term outcomes surrounding live donor transplants from donors with RAA with ex vivo resection and reconstruction prior to implantation.

Methods

A retrospective review was done of all laparoscopic live donor transplant nephrectomies with ex vivo aneurysm resection, reconstruction, and implantation at a single center.

Results

Three pairs of patients underwent successful laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, RAA resection, reconstruction, and transplantation of kidney. 2 males and 1 female ages 47 to 58 years of age underwent transplantation. The donors at 5 years of follow-up were noted to be functioning appropriately with no long-term sequelae of their donation and a mean remanent kidney function of 63 mL/min.

Discussion

For potential live donors with asymptomatic, unilateral renal artery aneurysm and no systemic disease, live donation with ex vivo resection and reconstruction can be performed with excellent long-term donor and recipient outcomes.
Checking the Fact-Checkers: The Role of Source Type, Perceived Credibility, and Individual Differences in Fact-Checking Effectiveness
Authors: Liu Xingyu , Qi Li , Wang Laurent , Metzger Miriam J.
Published: October 2023

This study investigates fact-checking effectiveness in reducing belief in misinformation across various types of fact-check sources (i.e., professional fact-checkers, mainstream news outlets, social media platforms, artificial intelligence, and crowdsourcing). We examine fact-checker credibility perceptions as a mechanism to explain variance in fact-checking effectiveness across sources, while taking individual differences into account (i.e., analytic thinking and alignment with the fact-check verdict). An experiment with 859 participants revealed few differences in effectiveness across fact-checking sources but found that sources perceived as more credible are more effective. Indeed, the data show that perceived credibility of fact-check sources mediates the relationship between exposure to fact-checking messages and their effectiveness for some source types. Moreover, fact-checker credibility moderates the effect of alignment on effectiveness, while analytic thinking is unrelated to fact-checker credibility perceptions, alignment, and effectiveness. Other theoretical contributions include extending the scope of the credibility-persuasion association and the MAIN model to the fact-checking context, and empirically verifying a critical component of the two-step motivated reasoning model of misinformation correction.
Open access movement in the scholarly world: Pathways for libraries in developing countries
Authors: Sheikh Arslan , Richardson Joanna
Published: October 2023

Open access is a scholarly publishing model that has emerged as an alternative to traditional subscription-based journal publishing. This study explores the adoption of the open access movement worldwide and the role that libraries can play in addressing those factors which are slowing its progress within developing countries. The study has drawn upon both qualitative data from a focused literature review and quantitative data from major open access platforms. The results indicate that while the open access movement is steadily gaining acceptance worldwide, the progress in developing countries within geographical areas such as Africa, Asia and Oceania is quite a bit slower. Two significant factors are the cost of publishing fees and the lack of institutional open access mandates and policies to encourage uptake. The study provides suggested strategies for academic libraries to help overcome current challenges.
The Relationship Between Inequality and Potential Emigration: Evidence from the Gallup World Poll
Authors: Nikolova Milena
Published: October 2023

The existing literature presents conflicting findings regarding the relationship between inequality and potential emigration. This paper utilizes individual-level data from the Gallup World Poll and country-level income inequality measures for 150 countries to contribute new evidence. The findings indicate that increasing inequality is linked to decreased desires and plans for emigration, a consistent global trend observed across various inequality measures and specifications. Notably, this association is more pronounced for women, individuals without overseas networks, and those lacking financial and human capital. Additionally, the study sheds light on how the level of economic development in countries influences the relationship. In low- and middle-income countries, rising inequality is negatively associated with emigration intentions. Conversely, in affluent nations, heightened inequality stimulates greater desires to emigrate, particularly among high-income and highly educated individuals. These insights provide a deeper understanding of how inequality shapes emigration in diverse world regions and across different cohorts, bridging gaps between previous divergent findings.
“Drum Tower Hospital” strategy for acute type A aortic dissection with coma
Authors: Wang Ya-peng , Lu Li-chong , Li Shu-chun , Li Li , Jiang Yi , Cheng Yong-qing , Ge Min , Chen Yang , Wang Dong-jin
Published: October 2023

Overview

Acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) with persistent coma is a life-threatening condition associated with high mortality and poor neurological outcomes. The optimal timing for surgical intervention in these patients remains uncertain, and many patients are not eligible for surgery due to their poor prognosis.

Description

In this case, a 53-year-old man with hypertension presented to the emergency department in a coma that had lasted for 9 hours. The patient was diagnosed with ATAAD and underwent the “Drum Tower Hospital” strategy, which involved preoperative assessments, including computed tomography angiography (CTA) and quantitative electroencephalogram (qEEG) monitoring. Surgical interventions, such as emergency stenting and aortic replacement, were performed to restore blood flow and repair the aorta. Postoperative monitoring, including qEEG, showed improvements in brain function. Despite the patient experiencing hemiplegia and a neurological deficit, the “Drum Tower Hospital” strategy, guided by comprehensive brain assessments, showed promise in managing ATAAD with coma. However, further research is needed to establish effective treatment strategies for these patients. Overall, ATAAD with persistent coma is a critical condition with limited treatment options. The “Drum Tower Hospital” strategy, supported by multimodal brain assessment, offers a potential approach to improve outcomes in these patients.
An integrated e-learning approach for teaching statics to undergraduate engineering students
Authors: Abdulla Shameel , Nafees Muhammad , El-Borgi Sami , Srinivasa Arun
Published: October 2023

Free body diagrams are a pictorial representation of a body with forces acting on it. Developing the skill to draw and interpret free body diagrams is imperative in an engineering curriculum as it helps students visualize and comprehend the problem. Engineering students tend to have difficulty using free body diagrams due to a lack of spatial understanding, especially when dealing with three-dimensional static problems. Students are often required to draw free body diagram on paper as part of their problem solutions. While this approach is adequate, it still does not allow students to interact with and develop a deeper understanding of free body diagrams. Educational tools developed to build on the understanding of free body diagrams are either limited to a two-dimensional space or does not provide students a comprehensive platform to completely solve a static problem. In this paper, the authors propose a digital platform that allows students to solve both two and three-dimensional free body diagrams for unknown forces. The platform incorporates Merrill’s Principles of Learning and a clear workflow diagram to assist students in better understanding free body diagrams. The proposed solution also presents an improved feedback system to improve the learning experience of students. Furthermore, the proposed solution addresses the needs of instructors by providing them the means to analyze their students’ performance at different stages of the problems.
Assessment of the Simultaneous Use of Asphalt Concrete and Foam Concrete as a Full Cross-Section Layer in the Substructure of the China Railway Track System (CRTS) III Slab Ballastless Tracks
Authors: Klomranok Thanut , Su Qian
Published: October 2023

This paper proposes the simultaneous application of asphalt concrete (AC) and foam concrete (FC) as a full cross-section layer in the substructure of the high-speed railway ballastless track. AC is designed as a waterproof layer and is placed as part of the top surface layer of the subgrade bed where the mixture is made from three types of performance grade (PG) binders (normal, high, and modified grade binders) named PG64-22, PG70-22, and PG76-22, respectively. FC is designed as a subgrade material to replace the traditional material in the bottom layer of the subgrade bed. It has a target density of 500–700 kg/m3 and polypropylene (PP) fiber is added at a ratio of 0.25% and 0.40% by volume. The mechanical properties of both materials are reviewed from the authors’ previous research, in which they were assessed through laboratory testing in accordance with ASTM standards. In addition, the numerical model analyzed the dynamic response of the whole structure when AC and FC were applied as full cross-section layers under different thicknesses of FC and then compared with traditional track structures. Laboratory test results indicate that PG76-22, or modified asphalt binder and FC at a density of 600 kg/m3 with the addition of 0.25% PP fiber, is suitable for use in slab ballastless tracks. In addition, the prediction of the model shows that AC at a thickness of 0.12 m and FC at a thickness of 1.00 m can reduce the stress and vibration of the track structure better than the traditional structure, resulting in stabilization and long-term service life.
Discovery of Parapelomys (Murinae) from the Siwalik Group of Mohand, NW Himalaya: Palaeobiogeography implications
Authors: Bhandari Ansuya , Flynn Lawrence J. , Lokho Kapesa
Published: October 2023

An isolated rodent lower molar is being reported from Mohand II locality (gastropod/otolith locality) of the Siwalik Group exposed in the Mohand area, along the Saharanpur–Dehradun road. The fossils yielding mudstone units from the Siwalik Group exposed in the Doon Valley, Mohand, in the western Himalayan region. The occurrence of this murine mouse lineage, Parapelomys, is consistent with the late Miocene age based on palaeomagnetic reversal stratigraphy. The fossil represents a species apparently more primitive and older than the type species of the genus Parapelomys robertsi. The find documents the geographic range of this mouse lineage 500 km southeast of the type area for the species in the Potwar Plateau, Pakistan. The associated fauna comprises gastropods, ostracods, cyprinid fish and crocodiles in our collection.
Towards a theory of dependent democracy
Authors: Arévalo Eduardo Enríquez
Published: October 2023

Democracy is seen today as being in erosion or crisis both in the Global North and South. This article puts forward the concept of ‘dependent democracy’ in order to explain that much of the lack of success of democracy in the South in guaranteeing political participation and economic inclusion and wellbeing for the majority of the population is due to a specific tendency of democracy there. Adapting some insights from the more economics focused Dependency theory towards a more contemporary point of view from political sociology and international political sociology, dependent democracy is understood as a democracy that exists in a subaltern position within the hierarchical, post-imperial and neo-imperial global capitalist order. Dependent democracies thus tend to be less ‘democracies’ and more ‘oligarchies’ within a form of government in the South that can be understood as existing in a global pyramid of semi-peripheries, middle peripheries and outer peripheries.
Rationalising externally-driven change: Charities and the exploitation of new-practice requirements
Authors: Hyndman Noel , Liguori Mariannunziata
Published: October 2023

Although legitimacy is critical when attempting to introduce new practices in the nonprofit charity sector, little is known about individual processes of legitimation within such organizations, and how legitimacy emerges and interacts with perceived external pressures. This article investigates how charity organizational actors (using rhetorical arguments) linguistically legitimate/delegitimate new practices as a means of facilitating internal and external legitimacy. The study explores, as an example of organizational change in its early stages, newly-introduced accountability and reporting practices emanating from the current Charity Statement of Recommended Practice in the United Kingdom and Republic of Ireland. The findings show that external regulative and cognitive pressures can be assessed and legitimated as something rational and reasonable in cases where organizational actors perceive the change as “exploitable.” Moreover, they provide evidence of how different interpretations can foster implementation and action (or trigger inaction) and affect the introduction of business-like practices in the nonprofit sector.
Tackling the Problem of Workplace Telepressure: Are Disconnection Policies Helpful?
Authors: Barber Larissa K. , Santuzzi Alecia M. , Hu Xinyu
Published: October 2023

Employees often feel obligated to respond to work messages like emails and texts immediately – a psychological experience known as workplace telepressure. Telepressure is an important problem to address given its link to work burnout. Disconnection policies that encourage employees to unplug after work hours have been a popular solution adopted by many organizations. Yet the benefits of such policies – or explicit norms – for addressing telepressure are unknown. Surveys among two worker samples suggest that the presence of disconnection policies is not associated with telepressure among employees. Only implicit norms about e-work communications specifically (after-hours availability expectations) and work prioritization generally (low family-supportive work environments) predicted telepressure. Most employees also did not think a policy would be beneficial and anticipated problems (with flexibility). Therefore, interventions aimed at creating a supportive disconnection culture for both e-work communications and work generally may be more helpful than policies.
Spanish Language Media Consumption and Latino Civic Engagement
Authors: Wilson Walter Clark , Preuhs Robert R. , Gervais Bryan T.
Published: October 2023

Spanish language media is linked to multiple forms of Latino political mobilization, including protest, naturalization, and voting. However, recent research associates geographic access to Spanish language broadcasts with significantly lower rates of Latino voter participation. We engage this controversy by exploring whether relative consumption of Spanish and English language media shapes rates of civic and voter participation among Latinos using data from the 2016 Cooperative Multiracial Postelection Survey and our own 2021 survey. 1 Next, we test the hypothesis that Spanish language media acts through politicized identities to shape Latino civic engagement, as some theorize. We find strong association between Spanish language media consumption and politicized identities among Latinos but no evidence that these identities constitute a conduit through which Spanish language media mobilizes. Instead, our results show that the mobilizing effect of Spanish language media consumption on civic engagement is direct and independent of politicized identity. These findings indicate a need to explore whether Spanish language media consumption influences Latino participation through differences with English language media in terms of content and/or fragmentation that better educate Latinos to participate, reduce political alienation, or accomplish both.