bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Links between Division Property and Other Cube Attack Variants
Authors: Hao Yonglin , Jiao Lin , Li Chaoyun , Meier Willi , Todo Yosuke , Wang Qingju
Published: November 2020

A theoretically reliable key-recovery attack should evaluate not only the non-randomness for the correct key guess but also the randomness for the wrong ones as well. The former has always been the main focus but the absence of the latter can also cause self-contradicted results. In fact, the theoretic discussion of wrong key guesses is overlooked in quite some existing key-recovery attacks, especially the previous cube attack variants based on pure experiments. In this paper, we draw links between the division property and several variants of the cube attack. In addition to the zero-sum property, we further prove that the bias phenomenon, the non-randomness widely utilized in dynamic cube attacks and cube testers, can also be reflected by the division property. Based on such links, we are able to provide several results: Firstly, we give a dynamic cube key-recovery attack on full Grain-128. Compared with Dinur et al.’s original one, this attack is supported by a theoretical analysis of the bias based on a more elaborate assumption. Our attack can recover 3 key bits with a complexity 297.86 and evaluated success probability 99.83%. Thus, the overall complexity for recovering full 128 key bits is 2125. Secondly, now that the bias phenomenon can be efficiently and elaborately evaluated, we further derive new secure bounds for Grain-like primitives (namely Grain-128, Grain-128a, Grain-V1, Plantlet) against both the zero-sum and bias cube testers. Our secure bounds indicate that 256 initialization rounds are not able to guarantee Grain-128 to resist bias-based cube testers. This is an efficient tool for newly designed stream ciphers for determining the number of initialization rounds. Thirdly, we improve Wang et al.’s relaxed term enumeration technique proposed in CRYPTO 2018 and extend their results on Kreyvium and ACORN by 1 and 13 rounds (reaching 892 and 763 rounds) with complexities 2121.19 and 2125.54 respectively. To our knowledge, our results are the current best key-recovery attacks on these two primitives.
Duel of the Titans: The Romulus and Remus Families of Lightweight AEAD Algorithms
Authors: Iwata Tetsu , Khairallah Mustafa , Minematsu Kazuhiko , Peyrin Thomas
Published: November 2020

In this article, we propose two new families of very lightweight and efficient authenticated encryption with associated data (AEAD) modes, Romulus and Remus, that provide security beyond the birthday bound with respect to the block-length n. The former uses a tweakable block cipher (TBC) as internal primitive and can be proven secure in the standard model. The later uses a block cipher (BC) as internal primitive and can be proven secure in the ideal cipher model. Both our modes allow to switch very easily from the nonce-respecting to the nonce-misuse scenario.Previous constructions, such as ΘCB3, are quite computationally efficient, yet needing a large memory for implementation, which makes them unsuitable for platforms where lightweight cryptography should play a key role. Romulus and Remus break this barrier by introducing a new architecture evolved from a BC mode COFB. They achieve the best of what can be possible with TBC – the optimal computational efficiency (rate-1 operation) and the minimum state size of a TBC mode (i.e., (n + t)-bit for n-bit block, t-bit tweak TBC), with almost equivalent provable security as ΘCB3. Actually, our comparisons show that both our designs present superior performances when compared to all other recent lightweight AEAD modes, being BC-based, TBC-based or sponge-based, in the nonce-respecting or nonce-misuse scenario. We eventually describe how to instantiate Romulus and Remus modes using the Skinny lightweight tweakable block cipher proposed at CRYPTO 2016, including the hardware implementation results
On the Usage of Deterministic (Related-Key) Truncated Differentials and Multidimensional Linear Approximations for SPN Ciphers
Authors: Sun Ling , Gerault David , Wang Wei , Wang Meiqin
Published: November 2020

Among the few works realising the search of truncated differentials (TD) and multidimensional linear approximations (MDLA) holding for sure, the optimality of the distinguisher should be confirmed via an exhaustive search over all possible input differences/masks, which cannot be afforded when the internal state of the primitive has a considerable number of words. The incomplete search is also a long-term problem in the search of optimal impossible differential (ID) and zerocorrelation linear approximation (ZCLA) since all available automatic tools operate under fixed input and output differences/masks, and testing all possible combinations of differences/masks is impracticable for now. In this paper, we start by introducing an automatic approach based on the constraint satisfaction problem for the exploration of deterministic TDs and MDLAs. Since we transform the exhaustive search into an inherent feature of the searching model, the issue of incomplete search is settled. This tool is applied to search for related-key (RK) TDs of AES-192, and a new related-key differential-linear (DL) distinguisher is identified with a TD with certainty. Due to the novel property of the distinguisher, the previous RK DL attack on AES-192 is improved. Also, the new distinguisher is explained from the viewpoint of differentiallinear connectivity table (DLCT) and thus can be regarded as the first application of DLCT in the related-key attack scenario. As the second application of the tool, we propose a method to construct (RK) IDs and ZCLAs automatically. Benefiting from the control of the nonzero fixed differential pattern and the inherent feature of exhaustive search, the new searching scheme can discover longer distinguishers and hence possesses some superiorities over the previous methods. This technique is implemented with several primitives, and the provable security bounds of SKINNY and Midori64 against impossible differential distinguishing attack are generalised.
Lightweight AEAD and Hashing using the Sparkle Permutation Family
Authors: Beierle Christof , Biryukov Alex , Cardoso dos Santos Luan , Großschädl Johann , Perrin Léo , Udovenko Aleksei , Velichkov Vesselin , Wang Qingju
Published: November 2020

We introduce the Sparkle family of permutations operating on 256, 384 and 512 bits. These are combined with the Beetle mode to construct a family of authenticated ciphers, Schwaemm, with security levels ranging from 120 to 250 bits. We also use them to build new sponge-based hash functions, Esch256 and Esch384. Our permutations are among those with the lowest footprint in software, without sacrificing throughput. These properties are allowed by our use of an ARX component (the Alzette S-box) as well as a carefully chosen number of rounds. The corresponding analysis is enabled by the long trail strategy which gives us the tools we need to efficiently bound the probability of all the differential and linear trails for an arbitrary number of rounds. We also present a new application of this approach where the only trails considered are those mapping the rate to the outer part of the internal state, such trails being the only relevant trails for instance in a differential collision attack. To further decrease the number of rounds without compromising security, we modify the message injection in the classical sponge construction to break the alignment between the rate and our S-box layer.
Spook: Sponge-Based Leakage-Resistant Authenticated Encryption with a Masked Tweakable Block Cipher
Authors: Bellizia Davide , Berti Francesco , Bronchain Olivier , Cassiers Gaëtan , Duval Sébastien , Guo Chun , Leander Gregor , Leurent Gaëtan , Levi Itamar , Momin Charles , Pereira Olivier , Peters Thomas , Standaert François-Xavier , Udvarhelyi Balazs , Wiemer Friedrich
Published: November 2020

This paper defines Spook: a sponge-based authenticated encryption with associated data algorithm. It is primarily designed to provide security against side-channel attacks at a low energy cost. For this purpose, Spook is mixing a leakageresistant mode of operation with bitslice ciphers enabling efficient and low latency implementations. The leakage-resistant mode of operation leverages a re-keying function to prevent differential side-channel analysis, a duplex sponge construction to efficiently process the data, and a tag verification based on a Tweakable Block Cipher (TBC) providing strong data integrity guarantees in the presence of leakages. The underlying bitslice ciphers are optimized for the masking countermeasures against side-channel attacks. Spook is an efficient single-pass algorithm. It ensures state-of-the-art black box security with several prominent features: (i) nonce misuse-resilience, (ii) beyond-birthday security with respect to the TBC block size, and (iii) multiuser security at minimum cost with a public tweak. Besides the specifications and design rationale, we provide first software and hardware implementation results of (unprotected) Spook which confirm the limited overheads that the use of two primitives sharing internal components imply. We also show that the integrity of Spook with leakage, so far analyzed with unbounded leakages for the duplex sponge and a strongly protected TBC modeled as leak-free, can be proven with a much weaker unpredictability assumption for the TBC. We finally discuss external cryptanalysis results and tweaks to improve both the security margins and efficiency of Spook.
ESTATE: A Lightweight and Low Energy Authenticated Encryption Mode
Authors: Chakraborti Avik , Datta Nilanjan , Jha Ashwin , Mancillas-López Cuauhtemoc , Nandi Mridul , Sasaki Yu
Published: November 2020

NIST has recently initiated a standardization project for efficient lightweight authenticated encryption schemes. SUNDAE, a candidate in this project, achieves optimal state size which results in low circuit overhead on top of the underlying block cipher. In addition, SUNDAE provides security in nonce-misuse scenario as well. However, in addition to the block cipher circuit, SUNDAE also requires some additional circuitry for multiplication by a primitive element. Further, it requires an additional block cipher invocation to create the starting state. In this paper, we propose a new lightweight and low energy authenticated encryption family, called ESTATE, that significantly improves the design of SUNDAE in terms of implementation costs (both hardware area and energy) and efficient processing of short messages. In particular, ESTATE does not require an additional multiplication circuit, and it reduces the number of block cipher calls by one. Moreover, it provides integrity security even under the release of unverified plaintext (or RUP) model. ESTATE is based on short-tweak tweakable block ciphers (or tBC, small ’t’ denotes short tweaks) and we instantiate it with two recently designed tBCs: TweAES and TweGIFT. We also propose a low latency variant of ESTATE, called sESTATE, that uses a round-reduced (6 rounds) variant of TweAES called TweAES-6. We provide comprehensive FPGA based hardware implementation for all the three instances. The implementation results depict that ESTATE_TweGIFT-128 (681 LUTs, 263 slices) consumes much lesser area as compared to SUNDAE_GIFT-128 (931 LUTs, 310 slices). When we moved to the AES variants, along with the area-efficiency (ESTATE_TweAES consumes 1901 LUTs, 602 slices while SUNDAE_AES-128 needs 1922 LUTs, 614 slices), we also achieve higher throughput for short messages (For 16-byte message, a throughput of 1251.10 and 945.36 Mbps for ESTATE_TweAES and SUNDAE_AES-128 respectively).
DETERMINATION OF Bisphenol A RELEASED FROM POLYCARBONATE INFANT FEEDING BOTTLES BY UV-VIS SPECTROPHOTOMETRY
Authors: Bashir A. B. , Audu A. A.
Published: November 2020

Bisphenol A (BPA) is a synthetic organic compound used as a raw material for the production of polycarbonate plastics, which are widely used in infant feeding bottles, kitchen utensils and other food packaging materials. The migration of bisphenol A from polycarbonate feeding bottles into water and milk samples was investigated using UV-Vis spectrophotometry based on diazotization-coupling reaction. The proposed method involves diazotization of 4-aminobenzenesulphonic acid under acidic condition in the presence of sodium nitrite at low temperature, followed by its coupling with Bisphenol A, in alkaline medium to produce yellow color azo-dye. The diazo–coupling reagents and time were optimized, the azo-dye formed has absorption maximum at 439nm. BPA was detected within the range of 0.37 – 5.93 µg/mL in the samples using standard addition method. The validation parameters were LOD: 0.48 µg/mL, LOQ: 1.62 µg/mL, while recovery for spiked samples were averagely 97.87 – 99.63 % and %RSD ranged between 0.12- 4.9%. Milk samples have exceeded the tolerable daily intake (TDI) for BPA of 50μg/kgbw/day recommended by EFSA.
THE EFFECT OF BINDER RATIO ON THE PHYSICAL AND COMBUSTION CHARACTERISTICS OF CARBONIZED RICE STALK BRIQUETTES
Authors: Ige Rapheal , Ogala Elinge , Moki Cosmos , Habeeb Abdulrahman
Published: November 2020

The selection or choice of agro-waste briquettes for domestic and industrial cottage applications depends on the fuel properties. In this study, the briquette was produced by carbonizing the rice stalk followed by crushing and sieving, the binder was prepared by dissolving the starch in hot water, then mixed with the sieved carbonized rice stalk and then the briquette was produced using the briquetting machine. Proximate analyses, viability, characteristics and combustion were determined to know the average composition of their constituents. From the results obtained it was observed that ash content, moisture content, after glow and ignition propagation decrease as the binder ratio increase while fixed carbon content, volatile matter, calorific value, density and compressive strength increase. The results of this work indicate that briquettes produced using high concentration of the binder would make good biomass fuels. However, it has a high moisture content of 25.00%, high ash content of 23.00%, moderate volatile matter of 44.80%, low fixed carbon content of 32.20%, moderate calorific value of 13.86 MJ/Kg and high density of 0.643g/cm3. The results obtained for all the parameters showed that rice stalks briquettes produced with high concentration of the binder (starch) had a better performance based on their combustion profile.
Beyaz Eşyalarda Enerji Sınıflandırmasının İncelenmesi
Authors: FERTELLİ Ahmet , PEKTEZEL Oğuzhan
Published: November 2020

Gelişmekte olan ülkemizde, artan enerji talebenin karşılanması için yeni yatırımlar yapılmakla beraber, mevcut enerji kapasitesinin tasarruflu ve verimli kullanılmasına yönelik çalışmalar hız kazanmıştır. Bu çerçevede beyaz eşyalarda enerji sınıflandırılmaları yapılarak, elektrik tüketimi az olan cihazların üretimleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, farklı beyaz eşya markalarına ait çamaşır makinesi, kurutma makinesi, buzdolabı ve derin dondurucu ürünlerinin enerji sınıflandırmaları, elektrik tüketim değerleri ve fiyat değişimleri incelenmiştir. Sonuçlarda, daha verimli cihazların satış fiyatlarının yüksek olduğu, elektrik tüketimi yüksek ürünlere göre geri ödeme sürelerinin 6 yıl -18,5 yıl aralığında değiştiği görülmüştür.
La estimulación de la actividad de estudio en el proceso pedagógico en la secundaria básica: una responsabilidad compartida
Authors: Martínez Abreu Tamara de Jesús , López Rodríguez del Rey María Magdalena , Ravelo Valdés Meibys Laura
Published: November 2020

El análisis de las posiciones y consideraciones acerca de la actividad de estudio en el proceso pedagógico permite identificar el valor que se le concede a la unidad de acción entre los diferentes actores educativos. Sin embargo, la carencia de una clara definición de sus funciones en torno a esta temática se considera un factor que influye en que aún no se logre una proyección adecuada de las intervenciones pedagógicas, psicológicas y didácticas que pueden hacer para estimular la actividad de estudio. Con el objetivo de aportar a las concepciones que se llevan a cabo en las transformaciones educativas y abrir el debate respecto al tema se fundamentan las ideas básicas que permitirán la estimulación de las actividades estudio en el proceso pedagógico, una responsabilidad compartida entre profesores, padres y miembros de la comunidad
Modelo de Gestión del Conocimiento en la prestación de asesoría financiera y tributaria a personas naturales en la Parroquia Manta del Cantón Manta
Authors: Lascano Intriago Luis Miguel , Farfán Olmedo
Published: November 2020

Este trabajo de investigación ha sido realizado para con el objetivo de establecer una relación de causalidad entre variables como la asesoría tributaria-financiera y el aumento de recaudación tributaria y generación de plazas de empleo. Para el efecto de desarrollo una metodología econométrica que explique esta causalidad y se compruebe la hipótesis planteada acerca de los efectos positivos de brindar este tipo de servicios. Igualmente, se realiza una causalidad inversa, es decir, invirtiendo las variables. Se aplicó este modelo a la Corporación Financiera Nacional, sucursal manta. De igual manera también se analiza el efecto que pueda tener en contar con un mayor número de trabajadores en esta entidad bancaria pública en el volumen y montos de créditos que se ofrezcan. Los resultados finales muestran que un mayor monto de crédito aprobado no necesariamente generarían un mayor número de plazas de empleo pero sí un aumento de ingresos tributarios al Fisco.
Money Supply, Inflation and Economic Growth in China: An ARDL Bounds Testing Approach
Authors: Lee Cheng-Wen , Yu Hao-Yuan
Published: November 2020

The empirical analysis applies the autoregressive distributed lag bounds testing approach to investigate the relationship between money supply, inflation and economic growth in China with the time series data from 1980 to 2018, estimate the cointegration of monetary and economic growth in long-run relationship and uses vector error correction model to determine the short-run adjustment between the variables. The research showed that the increase in national income met people's demand for goods and eased inflationary pressures. The results support the view of monetarism and help the government formulate economic policies in a prudent manner to control inflation in China.
JEL classification numbers: A10, E52, P44
Keywords: ARDL bounds test, Long-Run, Monetary Neutrality.
Da descrição à gramática da "percepção" no período intermediário de Wittgenstein
Authors: Costa Paulo Henrique Silva
Published: November 2020

Após retornar a Cambridge, em 1929, Wittgenstein se ocupa da formulação de um simbolismo perspícuo que expressasse, acuradamente, gradações. Dentre essas gradações estão as cores. Wittgenstein empreende-se na formulação de uma linguagem fenomenológica na qual questões relativas ao campo visual e à descrição perspícua de fenômenos seriam centrais. A ideia de descrição, por meio de um simbolismo, é assegurada para que proposições que envolvessem graus tivessem uma análise. Com o abandono do projeto fenomenológico, por volta de 1929/30, Wittgenstein migra da fenomenologia à gramática e se ocupa, a partir das Observações Filosóficas e sobretudo no Big Typescript, da gramática da ‘percepção’. A gramática, diferente do simbolismo de 1929, não se ocupa da descrição de fenômenos, mas de evitar a formulação de absurdos. Nesta mudança de posição se encontra, em especial, o novo tratamento dado pelo filósofo à generalidade e à análise.
O conceito de experimentação na filosofia de Gilles Deleuze
Authors: Vinci Christian Fernando Ribeiro Guimarães
Published: November 2020

Esse artigo abordará o conceito de experimentação presente no pensamento de Gilles Deleuze, mormente em suas obras escritas em parceria com Félix Guattari. Defendemos que, ao longo de Capitalismo & Esquizofrenia, o termo experimentação aparecerá de maneiras distintas nos dois tomos constitutivos da coleção. Em O Anti-Édipo, tal conceito restaria refém de certas discussões deleuzianas sobre arte, tal qual aquelas que tomaram corpo no livro Proust e os signos, de 1964. Ao longo da década de 1970, porém, após as leituras da obra de Espinosa realizadas por Deleuze, a noção de experimentação ganhará um outro acento, aparecendo em Mil Platôs e, posteriormente, em O que é a Filosofia? como uma espécie de arte das composições. Haveria, assim, uma aproximação gradativa, quando desse deslocamento, de certas discussões vitalistas empreendidas por Deleuze a partir do espinosismo.
Considerações sobre a "atualidade" de Schopenhauer
Authors: Chevitarese Leandro
Published: November 2020

O presente artigo pretende investigar o problema filosófico da "atualidade" de Schopenhauer. A filosofia de Schopenhauer apresenta-se como uma metafísica imanente, sua verdade portanto independe do tempo, ou da história. De que forma seria possível afirmar sua "atualidade"? Para tratar desta questão o artigo investiga a concepção shopenhaueriana de história, tendo em vista melhor compreender o "valor da história".  Em seguida, procura investigar a possibilidade de uma interpretação em sintonia com a "Esquerda Schopenhaueriana" para melhor conceber o sentido em que seria possível afirmar sua da "atualidade".
A arte da apresentação do mundo: Schopenhauer e a estética da alegoria
Authors: Garcia André Luis Muniz
Published: November 2020

A proposta do presente artigo é contextualizar, no pensamento de Schopenhauer, traços fundamentais de sua reflexão estética sobre a alegoria. Para tanto, o artigo foi desenvolvido segundo três linhas de argumentação: (i) interpretação da alegoria no âmbito de uma reflexão simbólica da teoria da representação; (ii) a relação entre poesia e alegoria no pensamento de Schopenhauer, com destaque para uma confrontação de sua posição tanto com o primeiro romantismo quanto com o idealismo alemão; (iii) compreensão da alegoria como elemento estético de uma retórica poética do engano.
Análise da episkepsis tôn onomáton de Antístenes
Authors: Santos Joedson Silva
Published: November 2020

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma análise da filosofia de Antístenes sobre a epískepsis tôn onomáton – investigação dos nomes. Este tema está relacionado ao problema da orthótes onomáton, que esteve sempre envolvida nas atividades dos sofistas. Nesse aspecto, a orthótes de Pródico, possivelmente um precedente inspirador para a análise antistênica dos nomes, está relacionada com a epískepsis de Antístenes naquilo que convergem e divergem as duas perspectivas. Tanto Pródico quanto Antístenes convergem na mesma base filosófica do princípio do eikeîos lógos e, consequentemente, se identificam na mesma hipótese de uma linguagem objetiva que está estritamente ligada às coisas. Mas, os dois pensadores divergem não só no problema da relação entre linguagem e realidade como também no problema da polissemia. Além do mais, expõe-se na conjectura textual o exame do pressuposto filosófico antistênico, a saber, o eikeîos lógos, concernente ao problema interpretativo da passagem que Aristóteles menciona Antístenes: “eikeîos lógos hèn eph´ henós”, ou seja, enunciado próprio para cada coisa. A questão debatida é se a expressão “hèn eph´ henós” faz referência ao ónoma ou ao lógos.
Fisicalismo e o problema mente-cérebro: uma questão de definição
Authors: Mazzoni Julio César Martins
Published: November 2020

O Fisicalismo tem sido a posição filosófica monista mais aceita no mainstream do debate contemporâneo sobre a natureza do mental. Mas o que significa dizer que tudo o que existe é “físico”? O presente trabalho busca responder à pergunta: Como as teses fisicalistas contemporâneas têm definido o termo ‘físico’ em suas proposições? Para respondê-la foi realizada uma investigação teórico-filosófica baseada em revisão bibliográfica e análise lógica e conceitual. Quatro categorias gerais de definição do termo ‘físico’ foram identificadas numa revisão da literatura. Existem igualmente fortes críticas às propostas de definição em toda a discussão filosófica. Não temos uma definição incontroversa do que seja uma propriedade física, tampouco consenso sobre qual deveria ser a formulação mais adequada da tese fisicalista. Assim, a questão que se coloca é: Por que estamos discutindo o valor de verdade de uma tese que nem mesmo tem conseguido ser formulada de forma adequada?
Perspectivas em filosofia da mente e da linguagem
Authors: Meurer César , Figueiredo Nara Miranda de , Krempel Raquel
Published: November 2020

Os artigos que compõem este dossiê lidam com temas centrais da filosofia da mente e da filosofia da linguagem. Alguns deles abordam temas clássicos e apresentam panoramas em língua portuguesa, de modo que se fazem úteis a jovens leitores. Outros textos apresentam propostas mais ousadas e prometem incitar debate entre filósofos mais experientes. Desse modo, este volume se equilibra ao oferecer conteúdo para diversos públicos. Esta introdução pretende fornecer uma descrição sintética das contribuições deste volume, para que o leitor possa ter uma visão sinóptica do conteúdo apresentado. Em filosofia da mente, há discussões sobre o consciente e o inconsciente, qualia, fisicalismo, alucinações, hipótese da mente estendida, emoções, o problema da lacuna explicativa e reducionismo nas explicações em ciências cognitivas. Em filosofia da linguagem, são tratados temas como a relação entre pensamento e linguagem, normatividade linguística e demonstrativos. Além disso, contamos com textos com abordagens históricas que tratam dos escritos de Wittgenstein acerca da psicologia e da investigação de Antístenes acerca dos nomes.
Voltar à Antiguidade? A visão holística do homem, sua perda, sua retomada
Authors: Cotta Karla Vasco
Published: November 2020

Neste estudo abordaremos algumas etapas da concepção holística que caracteriza as relações entre o homem, o cosmo e a sociedade na época das Antiguidades Arcaica e Clássica; a transformação da visão holística como consequência da alteração da concepção antropológica ao longo da época moderna; para terminar com uma reflexão que destaque a necessidade de voltar à humanização. Na introdução, nossa atenção estará direcionada, especificamente, para a perspectiva holística com a qual a filosofia e a medicina inauguraram o estudo propriamente antropológico. Em seguida, será examinado o momento de passagem da visão holística para uma concepção mecanicista do homem e das práticas sociais que o veem como objeto de estudo e de cuidado. Por fim, gostaríamos de destacar os esforços que estão sendo efetuados para voltar a uma visão global na qual o homem, a sociedade e a natureza fazem parte de um único e mesmo sistema orgânico.
Kant e a questão antropológica
Authors: E. S. Lopes Wendell
Published: November 2020

O presente ensaio apresenta uma interpretação crítica da questão antropológica no pensamento kantiano. De início, analiso o lugar central da questão antropológica no interior da filosofia kantiana, mostrando que apesar dos esforços de Kant em elaborar uma antropologia pragmática, falta em seu pensamento a concretização de uma verdadeira antropologia sistemática. Em seguida, busco levar a cabo exatamente uma sistematização das ideias antropológicas de Kant a partir especialmente de uma história filosófica da humanidade, mas também dos elementos antropológicos pensados a partir de suas três críticas. A análise permitirá ver que, para Kant, o homem é um Eu racional e autônomo, cujas faculdades não são meramente inatas, mas se realizam historicamente. Por fim, esboçaremos algumas considerações críticas que servirão para destacar tanto os pontos positivos quanto os negativos do pensamento kantiano para uma antropologia filosófica.
Biyodizel Yan Ürünlerinin Hayvan Beslemede Kullanımı
Authors: ŞAHİN Tarkan , SURAL Tolga
Published: November 2020

Dünyada artan nüfusa paralel olarak enerji tüketimi artmaktadır. Fosil kaynaklı yakıtlar birçok alanda kullanılmaktadır ve ülke ekonomilerinde önemli bir yer tutmaktadır. Fosil kaynaklı yakıtların %70’ni kömür oluştururken geriye kalan %20’sini petrol ve %10’nu da doğalgaz oluşturmaktadır. Fosil yakıtlarının bu nüfus artışını artık karşılayamama durumuna gelmesi, bu kaynakların çevre ve iklim felaketlerine sebep olması ve yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarının araştırılmasına sebep olmuştur. Biyoenerji kaynaklarında biyodizel, akaryakıt olarak kullanılabilen, hayvansal ve bitkisel yağlar gibi yenilenebilir kaynaklardan üretilen çevreci alternatif bir yakıttır. Yağlı tohumlardan elde edilen yağın oluşumu sırasında oluşan küspenin yoğun protein içermesi ve biyodizel üretim aşamasında oluşan gliserolün performans üzerinde olumlu etkileri sonrasında hayvan beslemede kullanımı üzerine çalışmalar artmıştır.
Photography as a Small Language: Interview with Robert Hariman
Authors: Tomanić Trivundža Ilija , Hariman Robert
Published: November 2020

In the interview, Robert Hariman talks about his latest co-authored book The Public Image: Photography and Civic Spectatorship (University of Chicago Press, 2016), presenting the main argument that they put forward with John Louis Lucaites – that a paradigm shift is needed within the field of photographic theory in order to understand the changing social role of photography in contemporary societies. They argue for a redefinition of the medium’s “burden of representation”, embracing its limitations and treating it as a “small language”, firmly embedded within the notion of the vernacular. This move beyond simple politics of representation, he argues, should however not be apolitical. In fact, the paradigm shift is needed to re-politicise photography and therefore increase its political efficacy in the wake of unsustainability of the dominant neoliberal socio-economic order and the specific catastrophic idea of progress which it promotes.

Keywords: capitalism, grimace, modernity, photography theory, progress, Robert Hariman
Snapchat: a Brief Encounter
Authors: Hillman John
Published: November 2020

For users of the image messaging Snapchat app, expressiveness is largely mediated through in-built filters and extensive use of short pieces of text and emojis. It is also contingent upon the disappearance of the image after a set time. The certainty these images will not be retained – that they will disappear – sanctions a degree of liberty in what is sent between users. However, there is also a reciprocal level of trust, since despite the app itself having no feature to save an image, recipients can screen capture the images they receive. Users do receive notification that their image has been saved in a screen capture, and this is likely to elicit a spontaneous reaction of despair, a breach of the code of disappearing images that is implicit in Snapchat’s communication method. In this essay, I propose Snapchat portraits express not the face as image but image as perplexing, disappearing, mutating phenomena. With their filters and distortions they unsettle our notions of the index and with their built in disappearance they challenge any notion of image as a memory prosthetic. Snapchat, as a form of portraiture, is not engaged with likeness or reproducibility. Instead, it stresses duplication, disguise and disappearance as the dominant features of contemporary culture.

Keywords: photo filters, Snapchat, Snapchat portrait
Ivan Petrović, Photographer, Archivist and Artist: Interview with Ivan Petrović
Authors: Colner Miha , Petrović Ivan
Published: November 2020

Ivan Petrović (1973) has been working in the fields of photography and art for twenty years as a researcher, creator and collector. Since 1997, he has been creating and publishing photographic projects that reflect the spirit of space and time in which they are created, while in his works he uses both documentary approaches as well as research principles. In 2011, together with photographer Mihail Vasiljević, he founded a para-institution, the Centre for Photography (CEF). Despite lacking its own premises, infrastructure or funds for performing its activities, the institution deals with the search, preservation, collection and analysis of local photographic materials from recent history. In the past ten years, Petrović also moved his artistic practice beyond mere artistic expression, since he addresses the phenomena of photography from an analytical-theoretical point of view. His interest lies in the nature of the photographic image and its role in society and historiography. In this spirit, long-term projects such as Documents (1997–2008), Images (2002–), Portfolio Belgrade (2015–) and the latest film production were created. The interview with Ivan Petrović took place on 1 September 2017 in Belgrade. The main themes were the role of photography in the dominant history, the boundary between one’s own practice and archival work, photography as an art and the likes.

Keywords: collection, documentary, photography's role, preservation, research
Photo Circle: A Short History of the Nepal Picture Library
Authors: Sett Alisha
Published: November 2020

This is a short history of the Nepal Picture Library (NPL), Nepal’s first large-scale digital photo archive encompassing over 50,000 photographs collected in less than a decade. It is a rare institution; a catalogued visual resource open to the public with scores of intimate family collections, the historic and the mundane captured over decades by photojournalists, and portraits made in photo studios across the country. The essay provides insight into the strength, scope and potential of this community-created archive. Founded and managed by Photo Circle, a platform for photography in Kathmandu, NPL has published books, done several exhibitions in museums and public spaces across Nepal, and exhibited their collections internationally. Tracing the origins and the impact of NPL through a series of interviews, the essays reveals not only the transformative power of their methods of public engagement but also the deep concern for visual culture fostered in their volunteers particularly among photographers serving as amateur archivists.

Keywords: archive, Kathmandu, Nepal, oral history, public history
Sanatın Halkla İlişkileri
Authors: DOĞRU Eda , DURUCAN Hasan
Published: November 2020

Bu makale iletişim unsuru olan halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin sanat alanlarındaki kullanımı hakkında bilgi vermeyi amaçlamıştır. Halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin birçok alandaki çalışmaları üzerinde durulan farklı türde yazılara, makalelere, içeriklere ulaşılmış ancak sanat alanında (müzeler, sanat galerileri vs.) kullanımlarına dair yeterli bilgilere ulaşılamaması, bu konudaki eksikliğin göz önünde bulundurulması ve bu eksikliğin giderilmeye çalışılması hedeflenmiştir.

Sanatta, halkla ilişkiler faaliyetleri yapılırken, sanat alanında zaman zaman taviz verilmesi gerektiği inancı, halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin bu alanda gelişme gösterememesine neden olmuştur. Her ne kadar bu inanış yavaş yavaş aşılmaya başlandıysa da, geleneksel düşünce alt yapıları, bazı sanat faaliyetleri tanıtım süreçlerinde halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarının sağlıklı olarak ilerlemesini engellemiştir. Bu süreç son yıllarda kurum ve kuruluşların tanıtım ve reklam çalışmalarında sanata verdikleri destekleri de eklemeleriyle aşılmaya başlanmıştır. Sanata yapılan yatırımlar, sanatın iletişim faaliyetlerinin artması, sanatsal faaliyetlere paralel olarak bu aşamalarda kullanılan halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarının da öneminin artmasını sağlamıştır. Bu makalede de söz konusu durum göz önünde bulundurularak, sanat alanlarındaki halkla ilişkiler çalışmaları ele alınmış, halkla ilişkiler faaliyetlerinin reklam ve tanıtım alanında nasıl kullanıldığına dikkat çekilmek istenmiştir.

Günümüzde rekabet unsuru ile sanat adına yapılan faaliyetlerinin sayısı artarken, bu organizasyonlara yapılan yardım, destek ve sponsorluklar azalmaktadır. Haliyle bu aşamada sanat işletmelerinin yapması gereken tek şey pazarlama ve halkla ilişkiler çalışmalarını doğru ve sağlıklı olarak ilerletebilmektir. Bu bağlamda halkla ilişkilerin çalışma alanlarının sanat ve sanat yapıtları üzerindeki etkileri üzerinde durulmuş, halkla ilişkiler unsurlarının ve sanat faaliyetlerinin iletişim algısı üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinden bahsedilmiştir.
“Enfrentei muitas tempestades como professor de Educação Infantil”: um debate sobre identidade docente e homossexualidade masculina
Authors: Oliveira Vinicius Expedito Mena de , Finco Daniela
Published: November 2020

Este artigo aborda questões sobre identidade docente, relações de gênero e diversidade sexual no âmbito da Educação Infantil. Discute a construção da identidade docente a partir das experiências de professores homens assumidamente gays que atuam ou atuaram diretamente com a educação e com o cuidado de crianças pequenas, em creches e pré-escolas. A partir das respostas a questionários semiabertos, a pesquisa analisa as experiências desses docentes, buscando compreender as possibilidades, os entraves e os desafios do trabalho educativo com crianças pequenas. Este estudo traz o debate acerca das causas e consequências geradas tanto pelo preconceito de gênero, quanto pela discriminação sexual dentro dessas instituições de Educação Infantil. Busca, portanto, contribuir para o avanço do conhecimento no campo da Educação Infantil, além do combate ao sexismo e à homofobia.
“A sua vaga é pra zelador, não é?” O lugar do homem na docência da Educação Infantil: desafios e tensões
Authors: Ferreira Eliana Maria , Da Silva Claudemir Dantes , Irala Clóvis
Published: November 2020

Este artigo apresenta reflexões sobre a experiência profissional de homens na educação infantil, espaço essencialmente feminino, a partir dos relatos de dois professores concursados nesse nível da educação básica, retratando não somente a fase inicial de suas trajetórias como também as experiências do percurso. A fonte utilizada foi o resultado de entrevistas gravadas com roteiro semiestruturado, que permitiram uma aproximação com a teoria figuracional de Norbert Elias, mais especificamente, com o conceito de poder, discutido pelo autor, que tornou possível analisar como os discursos e as práticas, no interior das instituições de educação que atendem as crianças pequenas, marginalizam e maximizam estereótipos que impactam sobremaneira na vida pessoal e profissional desses docentes.
O supremo soberano no Estado de exceção: a (des)aplicação do direito pelo STF no âmbito do inquérito das “Fake News” (Inquérito n. 4.781)
Authors: Lorenzetto Bruno Meneses , Pereira Ricardo dos Reis
Published: November 2020

Em 2019, o Presidente do STF instaurou uma investigação sigilosa para apurar supostas práticas de divulgação de notícias fraudulentas e infrações cometidas contra a Corte, seus membros e familiares. No curso desse Inquérito (n. 4.781), foram proferidas decisões marcadamente inconstitucionais que censura- ram veículos da imprensa, tolheram liberdades e garantias processuais de cidadãos brasileiros e materializaram toda a sorte de arbitrariedades judiciais, sempre sob a justificativa de resguardo da ordem constitucional. Diante desse quadro, o artigo pretende verificar se é possível estabelecer uma relação entre essas condutas da Suprema Corte brasileira e a teoria do estado de exceção de Giorgio Agamben. Para tanto, o tra- balho realiza uma revisão bibliográfica inicial e, em seguida, questiona a constitucionalidade das decisões judiciais proferidas pela Corte. Ao final, conclui-se que há a caracterização de alguns elementos constitutivos do estado de exceção na realidade brasileira.
Hematological biomarkers for predicting carotid artery vasospasm during carotid stenting
Authors: Can Yusuf , Kocayigit Ibrahim
Published: November 2020

Introduction

The vasospasm of carotid arteries is important for the progression of neurological sequelae. Many mechanisms have been found to be related to this clinical phenomenon. Predicting this event by using hematological biomarkers may provide opportunities for adopting preventive measures against unfavorable neurovascular complications. The aim of this study is to determine the hematological predictors of carotid artery vasospasm during carotid stenting.

Material and methods

A total of 120 patients who underwent carotid stenting were divided into two groups: those with and without carotid artery vasospasm. Carotid artery vasospasm was angiographically defined as transient or persistent emergent stenosis or irregularity of the vessel wall without evidence of thrombosis during carotid stenting. The hematological parameters were compared between 21 patients who developed carotid artery vasospasm (17.5%) and 99 patients who did not (82.5%).

Results

The mean age of the patients with carotid artery vasospasm and without carotid artery vasospasm was 66 ±8 and 70 ±8 years, respectively. Creatinine levels within 0.5–0.9 (OR = 3.704, 95% CI: 1.245–11.019, p = 0.019), each 1000 unit increase in neutrophil count (OR = 1.567, 95% CI: 1.027–2.392, p = 0.037) and presence of diabetes (OR = 3.081, 95% CI: 1.116–8.505, p = 0.030) were the independent predictors of carotid artery vasospasm in carotid arteries during carotid stenting.

Conclusions

The prediction of carotid artery vasospasm during carotid stenting should help clinicians adopt preventive measures against the development of neurological sequelae. This study found that creatinine levels, increased neutrophil count and presence of diabetes are independent predictors of carotid artery vasospasm.
The anti-lung cancer effect of ethyl acetate extract from Wenxia Formula in vivo via the Hedgehog-Gli1 signaling pathway mediated by cancer associated fibroblasts
Authors: Wang Meng , Bi Qian-Yu , Zhang Ya-Nan , Ji Xu-Ming
Published: November 2020

Introduction

Previous research had shown that the ethyl acetate extract from Wenxia Formula (WFEA extract) had significant effects in inhibiting tumor and cancer associated fibroblasts (CAFs). However, the anti-cancer mechanism of the WFEA extract was still unclear. In this study, we aimed to illuminate the possible anti-cancer mechanisms of the WFEA extract.

Material and methods

Ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS) was applied to analyze and identify the constituents of WFEA extract. The lung cancer xenograft model was conducted to explore the antitumor activity of WFEA extract by measuring tumor volume and weight, HE staining, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assay. Western blot and qRT-PCR were used to measure the expressions of related proteins and genes in the Hedgehog-
Gli1 (Hh-Gli1) signaling pathway.

Results

A total of 15 chemical constituents were identified in the WFEA extract. The xenograft model showed that WFEA extract could inhibit tumor growth and had no significant effect on body weight of mice. In addition, WFEA extract reduced the expression of a-SMA, FAP and N-cadherin in the CAF mediated lung cancer xenograft model and increased the expression of E-cadherin. Western blot and qRT-PCR showed that WFEA extract reduced the expression of related proteins and genes (Smo, Gli1 and Ptch1) in the Hh-Gli1 signaling pathway.

Conclusions

WFEA extract had a certain inhibitory effect on lung cancer, and its mechanism may be related to the CAF mediated Hh-Gli1 signaling pathway.
lncRNA PCA3 plays a key role in colon cancer occurrence and development
Authors: Pan Yan , Zhu Lijing , Pu Juan , Wang Wanpeng , Qian Weihe
Published: November 2020

Introduction

This study aimed to investigate the effects of the lncRNA PCA3 in colon cancer and the associated mechanisms.

Material and methods

Adjacent normal and cancer tissues were collected from colon cancer patients, and their PCA3 expression was measured by ISH and RT-qPCR assays. The correlations of PCA3 with clinical pathology and prognosis were also analysed. In addition, PCA3 and si-PCA3 were transfected into colon cancer cells (HT-29 and SW620). Moreover, cell proliferation, apoptosis, number of invading cells, and wound healing rate were determined by MTT, flow cytometry, Transwell, and wound healing assays. The relative protein expression was evaluated by western blotting.

Results

Compared with that in normal tissues, PCA3 expression was significantly increased in colon cancer (p < 0.001). High PCA3 expression was correlated with malignant pathology and poor prognosis in patients. Compared with that in HCoEpic cells, PCA3 gene expression was significantly upregulated in SW480, HT-29, SW620, and HCT116 cells (all p < 0.01). With PCA3 transfection, cell proliferation increased, apoptosis decreased, and the number of invading cells and wound healing rate increased. In addition, RhoC, Bcl-2 and MMP-2 proteins increased, while Bax was suppressed. With the transfection of si-PCA3, which knocked down PCA3 expression, cell proliferation decreased, apoptosis increased, and the number of invading cells and wound healing rate decreased. Furthermore, RhoC, Bcl-2, and MMP-2 proteins decreased, while Bax increased.

Conclusions

PCA3 is an oncogene in colon cancer. In vitro analysis indicates that knockdown of PCA3 suppresses the biological activities of colon cancer cells via the regulation of RhoC.
Analysis of workplace health and safety, job stress, interpersonal conflict, and turnover intention: a comparative study in the health sector
Authors: Palancı Yılmaz , Mengenci Cengiz , Bayraktaroğlu Serkan , Emhan Abdurrahim
Published: November 2020

Background

This study aims to examine the relationship between workplace health, job stress, turnover intention and inter-personal conflict in the health sector. It also seeks to unravel how the public and private working environment, and demographic variables affect those four variables.

Participants and procedure

A cross-sectional survey design was used for this study. The respondents were selected based on simple ran-dom sampling. Out of 1000 questionnaires administered, 708 were returned (432 from public hospitals and 276 from private hospitals) and used. Correlation, multiple regression, and ANOVA analysis were used to de-termine the relationship and impact between the variables.

Results

The findings revealed negative and significant relationships between workplace health and safety and stress, turnover intention and interpersonal conflict. Additionally, some results reflected the significant positive rela-tionship between stress, turnover intention and interpersonal conflict. Finally, turnover intention, job stress, edu-cation level and number of duties accounted for 30% of the variation in workplace health and safety.

Conclusions

Managers within the healthcare sector of Turkey should acknowledge that workers who do not feel healthy and safe in work environments develop high stress, turnover intention, and conflict with other colleagues.
Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist and hand
Authors: Vassa Ravi , Garg Ankur , Omar Imran Muhammad
Published: November 2020

The anatomy of the wrist and hand is complex and contains numerous small structures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is often an ideal imaging modality in the assessment of various traumatic and pathologic conditions of this region, and it is frequently performed after initial radiographs. In this manuscript we describe the normal anatomy, imaging techniques, and MRI findings of various traumatic and pathologic conditions of the wrist and hand including occult fractures, osteonecrosis, ligamentous and tendon injuries, and entrapment neuropathies.