bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Rare Earths Recovery using Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents
Authors: Alguacil Francisco Jose , Robla Jose Ignacio
Published: August 2023

With the developments of smart technologies, the use of rare earth elements (REEs) knows a widespread use, thus, their importance as valuable and strategic metals boosted to levels never known before. Due to their scarcity in Earth crust, the recovery of these elements from secondary resources also knows further developments. Traditional pyrometallurgical and hydrometallurgical processing, though of wide use, in the recovery of these REEs, have some environmental drawbacks, thus, the development of new recovery approaches are under developments. Here, Solvometallurgy appeared as a friendly environmental technology, and ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents re-sulted as a first-row chemicals to be used in the different unit operations used in solvometallurgical processing: leaching, liquid-liquid extraction, ion exchange (adsorption), precipitation and elec-trolysis. This manuscript reviewed the most recent literature concerning the use of ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents in the recovery of REEs from various sources.
Precision Medicine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma: The Impact of Targeted Therapies on Survival of Patients Harboring Actionable Mutations
Authors: Tarabay Anthony , Boileve Alice , Smolenschi Cristina , Antoun Leony , Valery Marine , Fuerea Alina , Perret Audrey , Burtin Pascal , Cosconea Simona , Belkhodja Hichem , Malka David , Boige Valérie , Hollebecque Antoine , Ducreux Michel
Published: August 2023

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the third leading cause of death by cancer worldwide. Mostly diagnosed with locally advanced or metastatic disease, patients lack treatment options. Gene alterations (GAs) are frequently observed in PDAC; some of which are considered for molecular targeted therapies (MTTs), with potential clinical benefits and im-proved outcomes. However, the applicability of molecular profiling (MP) for precision medicine in PDAC remains to be demonstrated. Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients, aged ≥18 years with histologi-cally confirmed PDAC, who underwent tumor MP between 2010 and 2020 in our institution as part of personalized medicine trials. The primary study endpoint was overall survival (OS), and (minimal follow-up was 6 months after MP. Results: Of 115 eligible patients, MP was successful in 102 patients (89%). KRAS mutations were the most frequent GAs, mostly G12D. Based on ESCAT classification, actionable GAs were found in 29 patients (28%), involving mainly BRCA1 or BRCA2 (5 [18%]), HER2 (5 [18%]), MTAP (5 [18%]), and FGFR (3 [11%]). Only 12 of these 29 patients (41%, or 10% of the whole population) received MTTs, with a median progression-free survival of 1.6 months. Median OS was 19 months in patients with actionable GAs treated with MTTs (n=12 [11.8%]), 14 months in patients with actionable GAs treated with standard therapies (n=17 [16.7%]), and 17 months in patients without actionable GAs treated with standard therapies (n=73 [71.5%]; p=0.26). The absence of liver metastases was associated with better OS (HR=0.471, p=0.01). The highest OS following MTT was observed in patients with BRCA mutations treated with olaparib. Interpretation: Actionable GAs were found in more than a quarter of patients with advanced PDAC. Overall, targeting actionable GAs with MTTs was not associated with improved OS in this retrospective study with limited patient numbers. However, selected GA/MTT combinations (e.g., BRCA mutations/olaparib) were associated with a better outcome.
Efficacy of a Pharmaceutically Alginate-Coated Phytoremedy (Black Garlic and Turmeric) for the Control of Natural Coccidia Infestation in Turkeys
Authors: Alcala Yazmin , Sumano Hector , Gutierrez Lilia
Published: August 2023

(1) In searching for herbal alternatives for treating coccidiosis in turkeys, this trial aimed to evaluate whether minced black garlic (Allium sativa) or turmeric powder (Curcuma longa) or their combination, included in dried alginate beads, were capable of controlling clinical coccidiosis in turkey male poults. (2) Four groups of 15 twelve-day-old turkey poults per group were set and rose in this trial until the end of week six. Groups were: CTR = control untreated turkeys; GAR = turkeys fed 4% of their diet with minced garlic included in dried alginate beads; CUR = treated fed 4% powder Curcuma, also prepared as dried alginate beads; and G.C. = turkeys fed 8% of their diet with the mixture of minced black garlic plus powder Curcuma (4% of each one), entrapped in dried alginate beads. Treatments were incorporated as feed-dressing, considering their mean feed intake. (3) Results reveal that turkeys in group G.C. showed a significant decrease in oocysts per gram of feces during the first six weeks of age compared to values found in the CTR group and the other treatments. These results identify that in turkey poults, there is a statistically significant anticoccidial activity of the combination of minced garlic plus powder Curcuma, included in alginate beads and administered as 4% of their feed intake. Additionally, better productive variables were recorded for this combination compared to the other three groups (P <0.05). (4) The use of vehicles specifically designed for the digestive tract of turkeys may improve the effectiveness of plant extracts for the control of coccidiosis.
Comprehensive Study of Drug-Induced Pruritus Based on Adverse Drug Reaction Report Database
Authors: Nakao Yuriko , Asada Mizuho , Uesawa Yoshihiro
Published: August 2023

Drug-induced pruritus triggers a desire to scratch, thereby diminishing one’s quality of life. Certain instances of this phenomenon follow complex mechanisms of action that diverge from histamine-mediated pathways, known contributors to pruritus. However, investigations into the relationship between drugs and pruritus are limited. In this study, data mining techniques were employed to comprehensively analyze the characteristics of drugs linked to pruritus, using the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System(FAERS) Data maintained in the United States. Reports linked to pruritus demonstrated noteworthy differences in gender, age, and weight when compared with non-pruritus cases. Among the leading candidates for drugs prompting pruritus were ophthalmic drugs, systemic antibacterials, contrast media, dermatological antifungals, and dermatological preparations. Principal component analysis showed that the second principal component served as an indicator for distinguishing between onsets at mucous membranes or the skin surface. Additionally, the third principal component functioned as an indicator for categorizing administration methods as either invasive or noninvasive. Furthermore, a hierarchical cluster analysis conducted on these obtained principal components revealed the potential for classifying drugs based on the site of pruritus onset and the method of drug administration. These findings contribute to the development of targeted prevention and treatment strategies for avoiding pruritus in clinical practice.
Machine Learning for Credit Risk Prediction: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Noriega Jomark Pablo , Rivera Luis Antonio , Herrera Jose Alfredo
Published: August 2023

In this systematic review of the literature on using Machine Learning (ML) for credit risk prediction, we raise the need for financial institutions to use AI and ML to assess credit risk, analyzing large volumes of information. We posed research questions about algorithms, metrics, results, data sets, variables, and related limitations in predicting credit risk. We searched renowned databases to answer them and identified 52 relevant studies with the credit industry microfinance. Challenges and approaches in credit risk prediction using ML models we identified, difficulties with the implemented models such as the black box model, the need for explanatory artificial intelligence, the importance of selecting relevant features, addressing multicollinearity, and the problem of the imbalance in the input data. By answering the questions, we identified that the Boosted Category is the most researched family of ML models; the most commonly used metrics for evaluation are Area Under Curve (AUC), Accuracy (ACC), Recall, precision measure F1 (F1), and Precision; Research mainly uses public data sets to compare models, and private ones to generate new knowledge when applied to the real world. The most significant limitation identified is the representativeness of reality, and the variables primarily used in the microcredit industry are related data to the demographic, the operation, and payment behavior. This study aims to guide the developers of credit risk management tools and software towards the existing offer of ML methods, metrics, and techniques used to forecast it, thereby minimizing possible losses due to default and guiding risk appetite.
Recent Advances in the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Associated with Connective Tissue Diseases
Authors: Smukowska-Gorynia Anna , Gościniak Weronika , Woźniak Patrycja , Iwańczyk Sylwia , Jaxa-Kwiatkowska Karolina , Sławek-Szmyt Sylwia , Janus Magdalena , Paluszkiewicz Jerzy , Mularek-Kubzdela Tatiana
Published: August 2023

Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a severe vascular complication of connective tissue diseases (CTD). Patients with CTD may develop PH belonging to different groups: 1) pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), 2) PH secondary to lung disease and/or hypoxia, 3) PH due to left heart disease, and 4) chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). PAH most often develops in systemic scleroderma (SSc), mostly in its limited variant. PAH-CTD is a progressive disease characterized by poor prognosis, therefore the early diagnosis should be established A specific treatment for PAH-CTD is currently available and recommended: prostacyclin derivative (treprostinil, epoprostenol, iloprost, selexipag), nitric oxide and natriuretic pathway: stimulators of soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC: riociguat) and phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors (PDE5i: sildenafil, tadalafil), endothelin receptor antagonists (ERA: bosentan, macitentan, ambrisentan). Moreover, novel drugs e.g. sotatercept are intensively investigated in the clinical trials. The aim of this paper is to review the literature on the recent advances in treatment strategy and prognosis of patients with PAH-CTD.
Readthrough approach by NV translational readthrough inducing drugs (TRIDs): a study of the possible off-target effects on natural termination codons (NTCs) on TP53 and housekeeping genes expression.
Authors: Perriera Riccardo , Vitale Emanuele , Pibiri Ivana , Carollo Pietro Salvatore , Ricci Davide , Corrao Federica , Fiduccia Ignazio , Melfi Raffaella , Zizzo Maria Grazia , Tutone Marco , Pace Andrea , Lentini Laura
Published: August 2023

Nonsense mutations cause several genetic diseases such as Cystic fibrosis, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, β-thalassemia, and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome. These mutations induce the formation of a premature termination codon (PTC) inside the mRNA sequence that leads to the aberrant translation, resulting in the synthesis of truncated polypeptides. Nonsense suppression therapy mediated by translational readthrough-inducing drugs (TRIDs) is a promising approach to correct these genetic defects.
TRIDs generate a ribosome miscoding of the PTC named “translational readthrough” and restore the synthesis of full-length and potentially functional protein. The new oxadiazole-core TRIDs NV848, NV914, and NV930 showed translational readthrough activity in nonsense-related in vitro systems. In this work, the possible off-target effect of NV molecules on natural termination codons (NTCs) was investigated. Two different in vitro approaches were used to assess if the NV molecules treatment induce NTCs readthrough: 1) A study of translational induced p53 molecular weight and functionality; 2) the evaluation of two housekeeping proteins (Cys-C and β2M) molecular weights. Our results showed that the treatment with NV848, NV914, or NV930 do not induce any translation alterations in both experimental systems. Data suggested that NV molecules have a specific action for the PTCs and an undetectable effect on the NTCs.
Analisis Kelayakan Usahatani Bunga Potong Krisan (Chrysanthemum Sp.)
Authors: Rachmawati Adinda , Soedarto Teguh , Syah Mirza Andrian
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk (1) Mengidentifikasi karakteristik petani usahatani bunga potong krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.), (2) Menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi tingkat produksi usahatani bunga potong krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.), (3) Menganalisis kelayakan usahatani bunga potong krisan (Chrysanthemum sp.) di Kecamatan Tutur Kabupaten Pasuruan.  Jumlah sampel yang diambil sebnayak 51 responden menggunakan metode slovin yang diambil di Kecamatan Tutur Kabupaten Pasuruan yang dipilih secara purposive. Analisis data menggunakan analisis regresi linear berganda, R/C ratio, BEP, NPV, IRR dan PP. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Faktor  luas lahan (X1), bibit (X2), pupuk (X3), pestisida (X4), dan tenaga kerja (X5) secara bersama-sama berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah produksi bunga potong krisan. Faktor luas lahan (X1), bibit (X2) dan tenaga kerja (X5) secara parsial berpengaruh nyata terhadap jumlah produksi bunga potong krisan di Kecamatan Tutur, Kabupaten Pasuruan.Pendapatan rata-rata selama tiga tahun sebesar 1.709.143.199. R/C ratio sebesar 2,9 nilai NPV sebesar 1.413.779.942, sedangkan IRR sebesar 119% dan PP sebesar 1 periode Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa usahatani bunga potong krisan layak untuk diusahakan.
Strategi Peningkatan Produksi Padi Lahan Suboptimal
Authors: Awwal Fuqara Fantashir , Windi Tanjung Yulia
Published: August 2023

Kabupaten Aceh Barat memiliki potensi lahan suboptimal berupa lahan kering yang cukup luas mencapai 9.227,7 Ha. Perluasan areal panen dan peningkatan produktivitas padi dan bahan pangan lainnya menjadi suatu keharusan guna memenuhi kebutuhan pangan. Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu merumuskan strategi dalam meningkatkan produksi padi pada lahan suboptimal di Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kecamatan Woyla Timur, Kabupaten Aceh Barat, Provinsi Aceh. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Data yang digunakan yaitu data primer dan data sekunder. Penarikan sampel menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Sampel berjumlah 38 responden yaitu petsni padi lahan suboptimal yang membudidayakan psdi pada lahan kering. Menganalisis perumusan strategi menggunakan analisis SWOT. Hasil penelitian yaitu strategi dalam meningkatkan produksi padi sawah pada lahan suboptimal adalah adanya campur tangan pemerintah dalam sosialisasi teknologi yang tepat dalam membudidayakan padi pada lahan suboptimal, juga menjaga ketersediaan benih Varietas Unggul Baru (VUB), pupuk dan alsintan.
Analisis Infeksi Soil Transmitted Helminths dengan Anemia dan Malnutrisi: Telaah Sistematis
Authors: Hafidz Muhammad Ilham , Sari Yulia , Wijaya Lygia Angelica , Mashuri Yusuf Ari
Published: August 2023

Pendahuluan: Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) merupakan Neglected Tropical Disease (NTDs) yang sering terjadi di negara berkembang dan menyebabkan beban sosial dan ekonomi. Prevalensi infeksi STH di dunia dan Indonesia masih tinggi. Infeksi STH dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor seperti iklim, usia, status sosial ekonomi, konsumsi sayur dan buah, dan kebersihan. Infeksi STH dapat menyebabkan anemia dan malnutrisi pada berbagai populasi. Penelitian telaah sistematis sebelumnya membahas faktor risiko dari infeksi STH. Sedangkan telaah sistematis yang membahas efek infeksi STH terhadap anemia hanya pada populasi ibu hamil. Telaah sistematis ini bertujuan untuk melaporkan hubungan antara infeksi STH dengan anemia dan malnutrisi pada berbagai populasi.
Metode: Telaah sistematis dilakukan dengan mencari artikel di database Pubmed Scopus, Science Direct, dan Google Scholar dari 2013 –2023 dengan protokol PRISMA 2020. Studi yang sesuai dengan desain studi, kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi mengenai dampak dan hubungan STH dengan anemia dan malnutrisi dimasukkan dalam telaah sistematis.
Hasil: Berdasarkan penelitian sebelumnya yang dilakukan di berbagai negara, ditemukan ada hubungan signifikan antara infeksi STH dengan anemia dan malnutrisi. Perempuan hamil adalah kelompok yang paling berisiko mengalami anemia dan anak-anak adalah kelompok yang berisiko malnutrisi akibat infeksi STH.
Kesimpulan: Infeksi STH berhubungan signifikan dengan anemia dan malnutrisi. Dampak infeksi STH dapat memperparah anemia pada ibu hamil dan menyebabkan kekurangan nutrisi pada anak-anak. Pemberian obat cacing dan edukasi faktor risiko diperlukan untuk manajemen infeksi STH.
Merayakan Anekarasa: Membangun Multikulturalisme melalui Pembelajaran Sejarah Kuliner di Kota Medan
Authors: Tanjung Septiansyah , Wawan Darmawan
Published: August 2023

The writing of this paper derives from multicultural life in Indonesia, especially Medan, and how to develop the values of multiculturalism among students through history learning. The concept of multicultural education in history learning is then integrated by elaborating local historical studies in the form of culinary development from students’ surroundings. The method used in writing this paper is by developing conceptual ideas through the analysis of literary sources and also oral sources using the historical method. Historical learning that applies multicultural education as a learning goal to instill the values of multiculturalism needs to develop content based on curriculum documents. Core Competencies and Basic Competencies in Indonesian History lessons are the main subjects developed for the aspects of local historical events. This learning management should pay attention to well-formulated planning, organizing, implementation, and evaluation so that the learning objectives can be achieved. The values of multiculturalism formed in students such as recognition, appreciation, and respect, and also learning different cultures through the learning process is believed to be a social capital that can create a harmonization in Indonesia with Bhinneka Tunggal Ika.
Az alapfokú anyanyelvi oktatás helyzete napjaink Etiópiájában
Authors: Chali Keresa Kumera , Parapatics Andrea
Published: August 2023

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Az Acta Academiae Beregsasiensis, Philologica folyóirat
Authors: Dudics Lakatos Katalin
Published: August 2023

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A Hybrid Routing Protocol to Establish Communication in Mobility Cast using Mobility Pattern
Authors: Singh Ranjeet Kumar , Kumar Binod , Ahmad Mir Shahnawaz
Published: August 2023

Communication between two communities is very time consuming and difficult in the opportunistic network. Community is a collection of different nodes, grouping the nodes based on different behaviors and their property is called mobility pattern. Collecting the nodes based on the same mobility pattern is called mobility-cast. A community is a collection of different casts. Within the community it is very difficult to find a local as well as a global forwarder for the message transfer. It takes lots of time for searching the destination due to the lack of information for the path between the source and destination especially in heterogeneous environments in the sparse as well as the heavily crowded area. In a community message sent by a user U is delivered to the users in the other community B having the same cast and following the same mobility pattern like that of U (collectively named as Social friends). The paper presents a design of a robust protocol that helps in to control the relay, dropping, and unnecessary aborting the message. It also implements the synchronization between relaying and dropping of the message. The proposed mechanism reduces the overhead ratio and average latency in the network.
A gamepad-like nucleic acid testing device for rapid detection of SARS-CoV-2 via visible nested RPA amplification
Authors: Bai Jingwei , Liu Ce , Lin Baobao , Yuan Guohua , Geng Zhi , Zhao Zhe , Wang Jiacheng , Shao Jingyu , Wang Zhenqi , Xu Yang , Yang Xujuan , Liu Chang , Feng Yingmei , Fan Xin , Wang Jing , Ren Lili , Xiao Yan , Wang Conghui , Shen Guang , Yang Yi , Zhao Chao , Li Yinqing , Liu Peng
Published: August 2023

Nucleic acid tests are essential for the accurate diagnosis and control of infectious diseases. However, current assays are not easily scalable for a large population, due to the requirement of laboratory settings or special equipment. Here, we developed an integrated box for instant nucleic acid screening (BINAS) which fully integrates nucleic acid release, amplification, and results visualization for self-service standalone test. Importantly, operation of BINAS runs on a novel gamepad-like interface, which allows deployment of BINAS in home settings and operation by users without any prior professional training. Performance of BINAS is empowered by a RNA extraction-free sample inactivation process and a newly developed Nest-RPA chemistry and exhibits sensitivity comparable to RT-qPCR with high specificity for SARS-Cov-2 RNA in a reaction time of 30 minutes directly from fresh swab sample to results. These innovations make BINAS a novel platform for a convenient, accurate, and deployable point-of-care testing scheme.
Low 210Pb background groundwater discharge still need to be considered for small-scale bay: a case study of Dongshan Bay
Authors: Zhou Wenqing , Wang Hao , Zhong Qiangqiang , Shao Yi , Zhou Da , Yu Xueqing
Published: August 2023

Groundwater quality is receiving more and more attention due to the increasing human-impact on earth environment. Due to theirs extremely toxic chemical properties, the 210Po and 210Pb activities in drinking groundwater are needed to be monitored, besides some previous studies have reported extremely high levels of natural 210Po (up to 10,000 Bq/m3), 226Ra and 222Rn isotopes. This study aims to evaluate the groundwater quality of a typical agricultural-industrial bay (Dongshan Bay) in the Taiwan Strait from radiological point of view and provide background data of naturally occurring radionuclides (226Ra and its daughter nuclides) before the construction of Zhangzhou Nuclear Power Plant, and further to discuss the relationships between 226Ra and its daughter radionuclides (222Rn, 210Pb and 210Po) and their geochemical behaviors in groundwater environment of this important coastal zone of Taiwan Strait. 210Po, 210Pb, 222Rn and 226Ra activities in 12 selected wells surrounding the bay were measured and theirs activities ranged from 0.09 ± 0.01 to 1.09 ± 0.14 Bq/m3, from 0.41 ± 0.03 to 6.28 ± 0.25 Bq/m3 and from 1180 ± 530 to 177000 ± 2200 Bq/m3, and from 2.43±0.28 to 93.7±0.9 Bq/m3, respectively. No abnormally high 210Po and 210Pb activities were detected for the investigated 12 wells surrounding the Dongshan Bay. The evaluated results show that the potential radiation doses of 226Ra and its daughters are much lower than the recommended reference dose level (RDL) of 200-800 μSv/a. Strong positive correlations between 210Pb and 210Po and between 222Rn and 210Pb activities were observed in the Dongshan Bay coastal zone groundwater, which indicates that the origins of 210Pb and 210Po in groundwater are strongly controlled by decay of the parent radionuclides 222Rn and 210Pb, respectively. We observed large deficiencies of 210Po relative to 210Pb and 210Pb relative to 222Rn occurred in the Dongshan Bay coastal zone groundwaters, which supported that 210Po and 210Pb were strongly scavenged due to their geochemical properties (particle affinity) in the groundwater-aquifer system. Among all relevant water bodies (river water, groundwater, seawater, and rainwater) in Dongshan Bay, the activity concentrations of 210Pb and 210Po in groundwater were the highest except for rainwater. However, submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) is a possible pathway that transfer radionuclides (like 210Pb) from land to nearshore marine environment. By constraining all the 210Pb’s sources in Dongshan Bay, we found groundwater discharge was the most important 210Pb source in this bay during dry season (December, 2020). Therefore, no matter in normal state or nuclear accident emergency state, more attention should be paid to the groundwater discharge of radionuclides into the ocean.
Underreporting of implementation strategies and barriers in physical activity interventions for young people at risk of problematic substance use: A brief report
Authors: Klamert Lisa , Craike Melinda , Bedi Gillinder , Kidd Susan , Pascoe Michaela , Parker Alexandra
Published: August 2023

Background: Several studies have assessed whether physical activity interventions can reduce substance use in young people at risk of problematic substance use. This report identifies and describes the reporting of implementation characteristics within published studies of physical activity interventions for young people at risk of problematic substance use and provides recommendations for future reporting.
Methods: Reported implementation strategies (including intervention manualization), barriers, implementation fidelity, and personnel acceptance were extracted from studies of physical activity interventions for young people aged 12-15 years at risk of problematic substance use that were included in a previous systematic review of intervention efficacy.
Results: Implementation strategies were reported in less than half of the included studies (42.9%), implementation barriers in only 10.7% of studies, intervention fidelity in 21.4%, and personnel acceptance in a single study (3.6%).
Conclusions: Results indicate insufficient reporting of implementation strategies, barriers, fidelity, and personnel acceptance. Consideration of implementation characteristics is essential for implementing physical activity interventions in practice. Inadequate or limited reporting of these characteristics may contribute to delayed uptake and adoption of evidence-based interventions in clinical practice. Recommendations to improve reporting of implementation information include: integrating standards for reporting implementation characteristics into existing reporting guidelines, developing an international taxonomy of implementation strategies, and upskilling intervention researchers in the fundamentals of implementation science.
Cost-utility analysis of azithromycin to assist in the prevention of acute cesarean section infection in a Chinese population
Authors: Liu Maobai , You Caicong , Zhang Jiahao , Lei Iianying , Zeng Xiaoling , Chen Ling , Li Na
Published: August 2023

OBJECTIVE
The infection rate of cesarean delivery in China is 7 to 20 times higher than that of vaginal delivery, and the infection rate of nonelective cesarean delivery may be even higher. Therefore, this study aimed to conduct a cost-utility analysis of cefazolin combined with azithromycin versus cefazolin alone for the prevention of nonelective cesarean infection from a society-wide perspective in China, taking into account maternal outcomes of current cesarean deliveries as well as potential pregnancies.
METHODS
A decision tree model was constructed using TreeAge Pro 2022 to simulate the total cost and lifetime health outcomes of pregnant women in China under two infection prophylaxis regimens. Epidemiological, quality-of-life and cost parameters were obtained from various sources, including published literature, publicly available documents from the Fujian Provincial Bureau of Medical Security, data from www.yaozh.com, and information from the China Bureau of Statistics. The discount rate has been established at 5% annually. The acceptable cost-utility threshold was established at three times China's GDP per capita in 2022.
RESULTS
An analysis of 800,000 nonelective cesarean deliveries during labor or after rupture of membranes in China estimated that the use of cefazolin combined with azithromycin reduced the incidence of endometritis by 18,400 cases, wound infections by 33,500 cases, sepsis by 24 cases, prevented a rupture of the uterus by 342 cases, hysterectomy by 24 cases, and maternal deaths by 3 cases, compared to the use of cefazolin prophylaxis alone. The baseline analysis indicates that the combination of cefazolin and azithromycin resulted in an increase of 0.00157 quality-adjusted life years and a cost reduction of $769.14, making it the superior regimen. The results of the sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the baseline analysis.
Conclusion
The prophylactic use of cefazolin combined with azithromycin may result in better cost-effectiveness and health outcomes than cefazolin alone for Chinese pregnant women undergoing nonelective cesarean delivery.
Efficient Population-based Colorectal Cancer Screening in Shenzhen: A Microsimulation Modelling study
Authors: Zhu Minmin , Zhong Xuan , Liao Tong , Peng Xiaolin , Lei Lin , Peng Ji , Cao Yong
Published: August 2023

Background
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a global health issue with noticeable high incidence and mortality. Microsimulation models offer a time-efficient method to dynamically analyze multiply intervention strategies. The study aimed to identify the efficient population-based CRC screening strategies for Shenzhen city.
Methods
A microsimulation model named CMOST was used to simulate CRC screening among one million population without migration in Shenzhen, with two CRC developing pathways and participation rates in real world. Questionnaire-based risk assessment models, fecal immunochemical test (FIT), and Risk-stratification model (RS model) as initial screening were simulated, followed by diagnostic colonoscopy. Several start-ages (40, 45, 50 years), stop-ages (70, 75, 80 years), and intervals (annal, biennial, triennial) for each screening strategy were assessed. The efficiency of CRC screening was analyzed by Data Envelopment Analysis method.
Results
The screening strategies reduced CRC incidence by 14–27 cases (30.1–58.4%) and mortality by 11–21 deaths (33.1–63.0%), yielded 121–283 life-years gained (LYG), while required 860 to 5868 colonoscopies per 1000 individual. Among the total of 135 screening strategies, 23 were estimated efficient. Most of the efficient screening strategies were those starting at age 40 years (17 out of 23 strategies) and stopping at age 70 (also 17 out of 23 strategies). The estimated efficiency ratios of efficient screening starting at age 40 were closed to those starting at age 45 and the estimated increase in LYG from extending screening beyond age 70 years was small in comparison with the increase in colonoscopies. The efficiency ratios increased with shorter intervals. For triennial screening from age 40 to 70, the colonoscopies per LYG increased progressively for FIT (6.7), Asia Pacific Colorectal Screening score (8.3) and RS model (13.8).
Conclusion
This study suggests that CRC screening performs from ages 40 to 70 years for average risk population in Shenzhen, and triennial FIT is an optimal strategy.
Mobile learning facilitates health schools’ students’ information and learning needs
Authors: AlMuhaissen Suha , Hamad Faten , Urquhart Christine , Tarawneh Ruba Tahsin , Asaad Muzdalifa , Abu-Ajamieh Mays
Published: August 2023

Purpose;The aim of this research was to investigate the attitudes towards m-learning among medical students in Jordan, and their perceptions about the advantages and disadvantages of m-learning compared to the status quo (mostly face-to-face learning). It also aimed at exploring how m-learning might support information and learning needs during clinical placements in Jordan.Methodology;This research used the quantitative research design. Data were collected using a web-based cross-sectional descriptive questionnaire using Google forms. The questionnaire was administered to 703 students from the five medical schools at the University of Jordan and 690 students completed the questionnaire (response rate of 98.2%).Findings;Students confirmed that they use mobile devices to support their learning, mainly using their smartphones. Their use of mobile devices for learning was not well advanced, and most preferred face to face learning. There were some differences among the groups of health students, indicating that m-learning habits vary according to existing teaching methods, the type of content required and the particular benefits that m-learning might offer. Also, medicine students appeared to have more diverse information needs and use mobile devices for a variety of learning related activities. Policymakers and educators need to plan carefully and take an organizational approach to ensure that m-learning complements face-to-face learning, effectively and efficiently. Students and staff should be involved in the design of interactive mobile learning materials and tools.Originality;n Jordan, Medical education in the University remains traditional, with lecture-based learning supplemented by labs and simulation tools. Several research studies have used technology acceptance models, including, variously, TAM, UTAUT, and TRA (Theory of Reasoned Action) to investigate the factors affecting intentions to use m-learning among higher education students, however, there was no detailed study of medical students’ attitudes exists.Practical implication; The results of this research will help policymakers and educators plan infrastructure and curricula for medical education in Jordan, using m-learning to meet the needs of an increased student cohort.
Study and design of corrugated cardboard trays with micro-waves by Experimental Analysis (EA) and Finite Element Methods (FEM)
Authors: Russo Franco Maria Di , Desole Maria Pia , Gisario Annamaria , Aversa Clizia , Barletta Massimiliano
Published: August 2023

The purpose of the work is to study by experimental analysis and finite element methods the mechanical response of a packaging, consisting of a corrugated cardboard container, used for the transport of fruit and vegetables. During the container design, three different configurations were selected which differ both in the choice of liner and in the type of wave. In particular, the type E, F and N microwaves were chosen. They are characterized by a lower amplitude than the high and medium waves commonly used in corrugated cardboard packaging, making it possible to reduce material consumption and, consequently, costs. In the initial phase of the study, experimental tests were performed to evaluate the mechanical strength of the liners. In addition, Edge Compression Tests (ECT) were performed to determine the stacking resistance of the structure. The break-in resistance of the structures was analyzed using a test conducted according to an internal standard, called Strength Packaging Test (SPT). Subsequently, a parametric study was set up with the finite element method for the simulation of the mechanical behavior of the three structures, using the homogenization technique. The comparison between the maximum total deformations, measured experimentally and calculated numerically, has highlighted the need to introduce corrective coefficients to improve the homogenization of the wave structure. In this way, it was possible to improve the matching of the results obtained on the structures simulated by the homogenization technique and those obtained on the corresponding real structures.
Systematic optimization of culture conditions and evaluation of in vitro Circulating tumor cell clusters
Authors: Chen Wenxing , Zou Jueyao , Chen Qiong , Pan Yanhong , He Yong , Zhao Han , Yang Gejun , Wei Zhonghong , Yu Suyun , Zhao Yang , Lu Yin
Published: August 2023

Circulating tumor cell (CTC) clusters runs a critical role in carcinoma metastasis. However, the rarity of CTC clusters and the limitations of capture techniques have blocked research progress. In vitro CTC clusters model can help us further understand the biological properties of CTC clusters and their clinical significance. It is worth noting that the biological variability of in vitro CTC clusters model due to different culture conditions has a non-negligible impact on the experimental results. Therefore, it is necessary to examine the biological similarity of in vitro CTC cluster models with clinical CTC clusters. Here, we optimized the culture method for the in vitro CTC cluster model based on the physiological environment of CTC in the circulatory system, and more importantly, we emphasized the importance of evaluating the in vitro CTC cluster models with reference to the biological characteristics of reported real CTC clusters, and assessed the similarity of the in vitro CTC clusters model, providing a reliable method for the study of CTC clusters.
Innovative surgical techniques of scleral buckling: scleral buckling with wide-angled endoillumination and intraocular irrigation assisted subretinal fluid drainage for Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment
Authors: Zhou Jinqiong , Li Qian , Zhang Xifang , Teng Teng , Lu Zixing , Tian Bei
Published: August 2023

Background: Scleral buckling surgery is still the preferred treatment option for some cases. However, there are still some deficiencies in its illuminating system and surgical procedures, especially for cases of children or adolescents with sticky vitreous accompanied by amount of subretinal fluid accumulation or large retinal tears, as well as cases with intraocular lens implantation or cases where the pupil should not be dilated during surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the modified surgical technique and outcomes of wide-angled endoillumination-assisted scleral buckling (SB) with intraocular irrigation during the procedure of subretinal fluid drainage for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRDs).
Methods: A series of 9 eyes of 9 consecutive patients with RRD who underwent the modified SB were included in this study. SB was performed under the wild-field noncontact lens attachend to lumera microcopewith a 25-gauge endoillumination probe. Intraocular irrigation was performed under an supranormal intraocular pressure to facilitates the external drainage of subretinal fluid under the direct visualization until complete retinal reattachment.
Results: 8 patients underwent successful primary retinal detachment repair without any intraoperative or post-operative complications. In the other case, although the retina was reattached after the first operation, the retinal hole valve was further pulled due to the vitreous continuous contraction. One month after the operation, the retinal hole opened again, and retinal detachment progressed. Vitrectomy was performed.
Conclusions: Wide-angled endoillumination and intraocular irrigation assisted scleral buckling surgery for RRDs, can provide good anatomical and functional outcomes with great advantages and low complication rate.
Energy Efficient Photonic Memory Based on Electrically Programmable Embedded III-V/Si Memristors: Switches and Filters
Authors: Cheung Stanley , Tossoun Bassem , Yuan Yuan , Peng Yiwei , Hu Yingtao , Kurczveil Geza , Liang Di , Beausoleil Ray
Published: August 2023

We demonstrate non-volatile optical functionality by embedding multi-layer HfO2/Al2O3 memristors with III-V/Si photonics. The wafer-bonded III-V/Si memristor facilitates non-volatile optical functionality for a variety of devices such as Mach-Zehnder Interferometers (MZIs), and (de-)interleaver filters. The MZI optical memristor exhibits non-volatile optical phase shifts > π (ΔngIII-V/Si = 2.70 × 10-3) with ~ 30 dB extinction ratio while consuming 0 electrical power consumption in a true “set-and-forget” operation. We demonstrate 6 non-volatile states with each state capable of 4 Gbps modulation. III-V/Si (de-)interleavers were also demonstrated to exhibit memristive non-volatile passband transformation with full set/reset states. Time duration tests were performed on all devices and indicated non-volatility up to 24 hours and most likely beyond. To the best of our knowledge, we have demonstrated for the first time, non-volatile III-V/Si optical memristors with the largest electric-field driven phase shifts and reconfigurable filters with the lowest power consumption.
Estimating Gravitational Redshift in Galaxy Clusters and Voids Using Hernquist and Tophat Density Profiles
Authors: Wekesa Sheillah Nekesa , Wamalwa Dismas Simiyu
Published: August 2023

Cosmic voids happen to occupy most under dense regions of the universe. They can, therefore, be used to test our theories of structure formation and cosmology. By assuming a density profile and using it to obtain the gravitational potential, the gravitational redshift is computed.The effect is compared in two profiles of clusters and voids. From the computations, the gravitational redshift in clusters is higher than that in voids, implying that if the effect is to be considered in voids, a larger survey is required. The radii used are 20Mpc and 1Mpc for voids and clusters respectively.
Keywords: gravitational redshift, hernquist, tophat, voids, clusters, galaxies
Towards one health for dog-mediated human rabies elimination in Bangladesh: Achieving zero by 30
Authors: Ghosh Sumon , Hasan Mohammad , Nath Nirmalendu , Haider Najmul , Jones Daleniece Higgins , Islam Md. , Rahaman M. Mujibur , Mursalin Hasan , Mahmud Nadim , Kamruzzaman Md. , Rabby Md. Fazlay , Kar Shotabdi , Ullah Sayed Mohammed , Shah Md. Rashed , Jahan Afsana , Rana Md. Sohel , Chowdhury Sukanta , Uddin Md. Jamal , Sunil Thankam , Ahmed Be-Nazir , Siddiqui Umme , Kaisar S. M. Golam , Islam Md. Nazmul
Published: August 2023

Background: Bangladesh is making progress toward achieving zero human dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030, a global goal set in 2015.
Methods: Drawing from multiple datasets, including patient immunization record books and mass dog vaccination (MDV) databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis between the years 2011 to 2023 to understand the effectiveness of rabies control programmes and predict human rabies cases in Bangladesh by 2030 using time-series forecasting models. We also compared rabies virus sequences in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries from GenBank.
Findings: The human-to-dog ratio in Bangladesh was 85.83 (95% CI 74.63, 97.03), with an average dog population density of 11.51 dogs/km2 (95% CI 10.09, 12.92). The mass dog vaccination (MDV) campaign has resulted in the vaccination of 81.46% (95% CI: 80.54-82.37) of the estimated 3,030,662 dogs in the country. A decreasing trend from predicted and observed human rabies cases was identified, and it is projected that Bangladesh will have zero human rabies cases by 2030 if the current trend persists. The phylogenetic analysis shows that rabies viruses in Bangladesh belong to the Arctic-like-1 group, which differs from those in Bhutan despite sharing a common ancestor.
Interpretation: Bangladesh's One Health approach demonstrated that an increase in MDV and ARV resulted in a decline in the relative risk of human rabies cases, indicating that eliminating dog-mediated human rabies could be achievable.
Prognostic value and immunological function of cuproptosis-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: Zhang Liming , Huang Jian , Song Haixia , Wei Haixiang , Wang Shaoqiang , Wang Lina
Published: August 2023

Lung cancer is one of the malignant tumors with the highest morbidity and fatality rates worldwide. The overall survival (OS) of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is poor. Cuproptosis is a copper-triggered modality of mitochondrial cell death, and its contribution to LUAD is unknown. The clinical implication and immunological function of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) in LUAD has yet to be established. TCGA, HPA, GEPIA, Kaplan-Meier, TIMER and CancerSEA database were used to explore the prognostic value and biological function of CRGs in LUAD. CRGs are primarily involved in copper ion transport, the citrate cycle (TCA cycle) and central carbon metabolism in LUAD. The mRNA expression of COA6, UBE2D1, DLAT, SLC25A3, and DBH was significantly increased. The expression of COA6, DLAT, SLC25A3, DBH, and LOXL2 were all strongly associated with the clinicopathological stages in LUAD. Moreover, high expression of COA6, UBE2D1, DLAT, SLC25A3 and LOXL2 was related to poor OS. The expression of SLC25A3 and LOXL2 showed different association with immune cell infiltration. The single cell sequencing demonstrated that CRGs play important roles in the regulation of DNA damage response, inflammation and metastasis in LUAD. This study comprehensively uncovered that CRGs could be identified as potential prognostic and immunological biomarkers in LUAD.
Alpha-glucans from bacterial necromass indicate an intra-population loop within the marine carbon cycle
Authors: Beidler Irena , Steinke Nicola , Schulze Tim , Sidhu Chandni , Bartosik Daniel , Krull Joris , Dutschei Theresa , Ferrero-Bordera Borja , Rielicke Julia , Kale Vaikhari , Sura Thomas , Trautwein-Schult Anke , Kirstein Inga , Wiltshire Karen , Teeling Hanno , Becher Dörte , Bengtsson Mia , Hehemann Jan-Hendrik , Bornscheuer Uwe , Amann Rudolf , Schweder Thomas
Published: August 2023

Phytoplankton blooms initiate bacterioplankton blooms, from which bacterial biomass is released via grazing zooplankton and viral lysis. Bacterial consumption of algal biomass during blooms is well studied, but little is known about the simultaneous reuse of bacterial necromass. Alpha- and beta-glucans are abundant dissolved organic macromolecules during blooms. We demonstrate algal laminarin-fueled alpha-glucan synthesis in marine Bacteroidota strains, as well as bacterial reuse of these alpha-glucans as major carbon source in vitro and during a diatom-dominated bloom. We highlight two types of genomic loci and the encoded protein machineries with structurally distinct SusD substrate-binding proteins that may target alpha-glucans of different complexities. It is demonstrated that these encoded machineries can be specifically induced by extracted alpha-glucan-rich bacterial polysaccharides. This bacterial alpha-glucan synthesis and recycling from bacterial necromass constitutes a large-scale intra-population energy conservation mechanism redirecting substantial amounts of carbon in an essential part of the microbial loop.
Phonon promoted charge density wave in topological kagome metal ScV6Sn6
Authors: Hu Yong , Ma Junzhang , Li Yinxiang , Gawryluk Dariusz , Hu Tianchen , Teyssier Jérémie , Multian Volodymyr , Yin Zhouyi , Jiang Yu-Xiao , Xu Shuxiang , Shin Soohyeon , Plokhikh Igor , Han Xinloong , Plumb Nicholas , Liu Yang , Yin Jia-Xin , Guguchia Zurab , Zhao Yue , Schnyder Andreas , Wu Xianxin , Pomajkushina Ekaterina , Hasan M Zahid , Wang Nan-Lin , Shi Ming
Published: August 2023

Charge density wave (CDW) orders in vanadium-based kagome metals have recently received tremendous attention due to their unique properties and intricate interplay with exotic correlated phenomena, topological and symmetry-breaking states. However, the origin of the CDW order remains a topic of debate. The discovery of ScV6Sn6, a vanadium-based bilayer kagome metal exhibiting an in-plane √3 x√3 R30° CDW order with time-reversal symmetry breaking, provides a novel platform to explore the underlying mechanism behind the unconventional CDW. Here, we combine high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, Raman scattering measurements and density functional theory to investigate the electronic structures and phonon modes of ScV6Sn6 and their evolution with temperature. We identify topologically nontrivial Dirac surface states and multiple van Hove singularities (VHSs) in the vicinity of the Fermi level, with one VHS near the ꝁ point exhibiting nesting wave vectors in proximity to the √3 x√3 R30° CDW wave vector. Additionally, Raman measurements indicate a strong intrinsic electron-phonon coupling in ScV6Sn6, as evidenced by the presence of a two-phonon mode and a large frequency amplitude mode. Our findings highlight the fundamental role of lattice degrees of freedom in promoting the CDW in ScV6Sn6 and provide important insights into the fascinating correlation phenomena observed in kagome metals.