bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The site-specific primary calibration conditions for the Brewer spectrophotometer
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyi , Fioletov Vitali , Redondas Alberto , Gröbner Julian , Egli Luca , Zeilinger Franz , López-Solano Javier , Arroyo Alberto Berjón , Kerr James , Maillard Barras Eliane , Smit Herman , Brohart Michael , Sit Reno , Ogyu Akira , Abboud Ihab , Lee Sum Chi
Published: April 2023

Abstract. The Brewer ozone spectrophotometer (the Brewer) is one of the
World Meteorological Organization (WMO) Global Atmosphere Watch (GAW)'s
standard ozone-monitoring instruments since the 1980s. The entire global
Brewer ozone-monitoring network is operated and maintained via a
hierarchical calibration chain, which started from world reference
instruments that are independently calibrated via the primary calibration
method (PCM) at a premium site (National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administration's (NOAA) Mauna Loa Observatory, Hawaii). These world
reference instruments have been maintained by Environment and Climate Change
Canada (ECCC) in Toronto for the last 4 decades. Their calibration is
transferred to the travelling standard instrument and then to network
(field) Brewer instruments at their monitoring sites (all via the
calibration transfer method; CTM). Thus, the measurement accuracy for the
entire global network is dependent on the calibration of world reference
instruments. In 2003, to coordinate regional calibration needs, the Regional
Brewer Calibration Center for Europe (RBCC-E) was formed in Izaña, Spain.
From that point, RBCC-E began calibrating regional references also via PCM
instead of CTM. The equivalency and consistency of world and regional
references are then assured during international calibration campaigns. In
practice, these two calibration methods have different physical
requirements, e.g., the PCM requires a stable ozone field in the short term
(i.e., half-day), while the CTM would benefit from larger changes in slant ozone
conditions for the calibration periods. This difference dictates that the
PCM can only be implemented on Brewer instruments at certain sites and even in certain
months of the year. This work is the first effort to use long-term
observation records from 11 Brewer instruments at four sites to reveal the challenges
in performing the PCM. By utilizing a new calibration simulation model and
reanalysis ozone data, this work also quantifies uncertainties in the PCM
due to short-term ozone variability. The results are validated by real-world
observations and used to provide scientific advice on where and when the PCM
can be performed and how many days of observations are needed to achieve the
calibration goal (i.e., ensure the calibration uncertainty is within a
determined criterion, i.e., ≤5 R6 units; R6 is a measurement-derived
double ratio in the actual Brewer processing algorithm). This work also
suggests that even if the PCM cannot be used to deliver final calibration
results for mid- or high-latitude sites, the statistics of the long-term PCM
fitting results can still provide key information for field Brewer instruments as
stability indicators (which would provide performance monitoring and data
quality assurance).
Long-term uncertainty quantification in WRF-modeled offshore wind resource off the US Atlantic coast
Authors: Bodini Nicola , Castagneri Simon , Optis Mike
Published: April 2023

Abstract. Uncertainty quantification of long-term modeled wind speed is essential to ensure stakeholders can best leverage wind resource numerical data sets. Offshore, this need is even stronger given the limited availability of observations of wind speed at heights relevant for wind energy purposes and the resulting heavier relative weight of numerical data sets for wind energy planning and operational projects. In this analysis, we consider the National Renewable Energy Laboratory's 21-year updated numerical offshore data set for the US East Coast and provide a methodological framework to leverage both floating lidar and near-surface buoy observations in the region to quantify uncertainty in the modeled hub-height wind resource. We first show how using a numerical ensemble to quantify the uncertainty in modeled wind speed is insufficient to fully capture the model deviation from real-world observations. Next, we train and validate a random forest to vertically extrapolate near-surface wind speed to hub height using the available short-term lidar data sets in the region. We then apply this model to vertically extrapolate the long-term near-surface buoy wind speed observations to hub height so that they can be directly compared to the long-term numerical data set. We find that the mean 21-year uncertainty in 140 m hourly average wind speed is slightly lower than 3 m s−1 (roughly 30 % of the mean observed wind speed) across the considered region. Atmospheric stability is strictly connected to the modeled wind speed uncertainty, with stable conditions associated with an uncertainty which is, on average, about 20 % larger than the overall mean uncertainty.
RELEVANCE OF SIMPLIFIED TECHNICAL ENGLISH IN KAZAKHSTAN IN THE FIELD OF AVIATION
Authors: Zhandildinova Karlygash , Moldabekov Aidos , Massyukov Bogdan
Published: April 2023

English is the international language of science and technology. English is not often the first language of technical documentation readers. Most are limited in knowledge of the English language. sentence structure and the large number of meanings and synonyms that many English words possess are complex. Correctly understanding the maintenance and operation documentation is very important in aviation, it also affects the work of safety to protect human lives. The purpose of this article is to highlight the importance of the ASD-STE100 document for students of the Academy of Civil Aviation in Kazakhstan. In this document, we will consider the relevance of applying this document during training in the aviation industry, as well as touch on the requirements for proficiency in technical English and summarize the basic rules aimed at facilitating the study and understanding of the English language.
ПОРТАЛДЫҚ ГИПЕРТЕНЗИЯ (ӘДЕБИ ШОЛУ)
Authors: ТАНАБАЕВА Ш.Б. , АЛМАБАЕВ Ы.А. , АХМАД Н.С. , ФАЗЫЛОВ Т.Р. , КУАНДЫКОВ Е.К. , ФАХРАДИЕВ И.Р.
Published: April 2023

Портальная гипертензия является следствием повышенного давления воротной вены. Наиболее частой причиной портальной гипертензии является цирроз печени. В этих условиях увеличивается внутрипеченочное сопротивление, что приводит к повышению портального давления. В результате повышенного давления в воротной вене может возникнуть ряд осложнений, в том числе развитие варикозного расширения вен пищевода, желудка, асцит, печеночная энцефалопатия, а также появляется риск развития вторичных осложнений по отношению к дисфункции кровообращения, таких как гепаторенальный синдром, портопульмональный синдром и гепатопульмональный синдром. Увеличивая портальный кровоток, внутренностная вазодилатация еще больше усугубляет гипертензию, устанавливаются новые патогенные пути, которые могут привести к новым терапевтическим стратегиям. В этом обзоре описана классификация портальной гипертензии и ее осложнения. Рассматриваются вопросы диагностики и лечения различных клинических последствий.

Portal hypertension is an important complication of liver diseases. The most common cause of portal hypertension is cirrhosis of the liver. Under these conditions, intrahepatic resistance increases, which leads to an increase in portal pressure. As a result of increased pressure in the portal vein, a number of complications may occur, including the development of varicose veins of the esophagus and stomach, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, as well as complications secondary to circulatory dysfunction, such as hepatorenal syndrome, portopulmonary syndrome and hepatopulmonary syndrome. By increasing portal blood flow, internal vasodilation further aggravates portal hypertension. New pathogenic pathways are being established that may lead to new therapeutic strategies.This review describes the classification and complications of portal hypertension, as well as some aspects of the diagnosis and treatment of these various important clinical consequences.

Портальды гипертензия бауыр ауруларының маңызды асқынуы болып табылады. Портальды гипертензияның ең көп таралған себебі- бауыр циррозы. Мұндай жағдайларда бауырішілік кедергі артады, бұл қақпа венасындағы қысымының жоғарылауына әкеледі. Қақпа венасындағы жоғары қысымның нәтижесінде бірқатар асқынулар пайда болуы мүмкін, соның ішінде өңеш пен асқазанның варикозды кеңеюі, асцит, бауыр энцефалопатиясы, сондай-ақ қан айналым дисфункциясынан кейінгі асқынулар, мысалы, гепаторенальды синдром, портопульмональды синдром және гепатопульмональды синдром. Қақпа венасындағы қан ағымын жоғарылату, ішкі вазодиляция портальды гипертензияны одан әрі күшейтеді. Осыған орай жаңа терапиялық стратегияға әкелуі мүмкін жаңа патогендік жолдар орнатылуда. Бұл шолуда портальды гипертензияның жіктелуі мен асқынулары, сондай-ақ әртүрлі маңызды клиникалық салдарды диагностикалау мен емдеудің кейбір сәттері сипатталған.
КЛИНИЧЕСКАЯ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКА ПАЦИЕНТОВ С БОЛЕЗНЬЮ ФАБРИ В РЕСПУБЛИКЕ КАЗАХСТАН
Authors: MASHKUNOVA O.V. , АБДИЛЬДАЕВ М.Ш. , ӘБДЕНОВ Б.С. , БЕКМАМБЕТОВ Ж.С. , ЖУМАЖИЕВА А.Ж.
Published: April 2023

Болезнь Фабри – Андерсена (БФ) – орфанное, тяжело протекающее заболевание, имеющее схожие симптомы с ревматологической, кардиологической, нефро- и неврологической патологией. Полиморфизм симптомов резко затрудняет диагностику данного заболевания, часто допускаются диагностические ошибки. Необходимо, чтобы болезнь Фабри всегда держали в уме клиницисты при постановке диагноза. Более того, заболевание часто диагностируется с большим опозданием (спустя 10 и более лет с момента появления симптомов). В данной работе проанализировано 18 клинических случаев пациентов, получавших лечение в Научно-исследовательском институте кардиологии и внутренних болезней (НИИК и ВБ) с 2019 по 2022 год. Авторами проведен анализ ведущих синдромов в течении классических и атипичных форм, оценена переносимость фермент-заместительной терапии. Подобное исследование болезни Фабри было проведено впервые и несет большую ценность для повышения осведомленности врачей различных специальностей.

Фабри ауруы – ревматологиялық, кардиологиялық, нефро- жәненеврологиялықпатологияларғаұқсасбелгілерменсипатталатынорфанды, тұқым қуалайтынауыр сырқат. Бұл дерттің симптомдарының полиморфизмідиагноз қоюды айтарлықтайқиындатады. Жиі кездесетін диагностикалық қателер сырқатты анықтау кезінде Фабри ауруын әрқашан есте сақтауын талап етеді. Сонымен қатар ауру көптеген жағдайда өте кеш анықталады (симптомдар пайда болғаннан кейін 10 немесе одан да көп жыл өтеді). Осы мақалада 2019 жылдан 2022 жылға дейін Кардиология және ішкі аурулар ғылыми-зерттеу институтында емделген 18 пациенттердің клиникалық жағдайларына талдау жасалды. Авторлар классикалық және атипиялық формалардың барысындағы жетекші синдромдарды талдап, науқастардың ферментті алмастырғыш терапияға төзімділігін бағалады. Бұл зерттеуге деген қызығушылық Фабри ауруы бойынша мұндай зерттеудің алғаш рет жүргізілгенімен және әртүрлі мамандықтағы дәрігерлердің осы сырқат туралы хабардарлығын арттыру үшін үлкен құндылығымен күшейеді.

Fabry disease is a severe, orphan disease with similar symptoms to rheumatological, cardiological, nephro- and neurological pathologies. The polymorphism of symptoms greatly complicates the diagnosis of the disease, so diagnostic errors are often made. This requires Fabry disease to always be kept in mind by doctors, while treating patients. Moreover, the disease is often discovered too late, 10 or more years after the onset of symptoms. This article analyzed 18 clinical cases of patients treated at the Research Institute of Cardiology and Internal Medicine from 2019 to 2022. The authors researched the leading syndromes of classic and atypical forms of the condition, assessed the tolerability of enzyme replacement therapy. The interest in this study is also reinforced by the fact that such a study of Fabry disease was carried out for the first time and is of great value for raising the awareness of physicians of various specialties.
CALCULATION OF DECOUPLING THE CAPACITORS’ CAPACITANCE USING THE POWERIC DECAP CALCULATOR SUBSYSTEM
Authors: Mkhitaryan A.Kh. , Hakobyan L.D. , Gevorgyan A.Kh. , Petrosyan A.O.
Published: April 2023

The design of a software tool for calculating decoupling capacitors in integrated
circuits has been proposed, which allows the user to make accurate schematic calculations of the solutions used in those circuits without programming knowledge through simple inputs.
PowerIC Decap Calculator allows the user to calculate the required capacity of decoupling capacitors, allowing it to be placed on the free surface of the integrated circuit (IC) entered by the designer. The capacity calculation is performed taking into account the existing and proposed methods of design of decongesting capacitors, which in turn increases the flexibility of the proposed solution.
The introduction of the PowerIC Decap Calculator in the design process of ICs allows,
in the early stages of the design when the physical design of the IC has not been completed, to perform the calculations of decoupling capacitors’ capacities based on the values of the limitations in the current area.
As a result of calculation, in the case of designing decoupling capacitors with the joint
use of MOM and capacitors with MOS structures, the area occupied by these elements in IC is reduced by 1.5 times, at the same time, the dependence of these elements on the deviation of technological processes is reduced. The calculation takes about 4 minutes.
USE OF SODIUM-GLUCOSE TRANSPORT PROTEIN 2 (SGLT2) INHIBITORS IN DIABETIC KIDNEY DISEASE (DKD)
Authors: Manuel Rajagukguk Rio
Published: April 2023

SGLT2 inhibitors have emerged as a major disease-modifying therapy for preventing the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). These agents can be used to prevent the decline in renal function through the reduction of glomerular hypertension mediated through tubuloglomerular feedback apart from their effects on glycemic control. The indications for SGLT2 inhibitors have evolved based on growing evidence from randomized controlled trials and broadly fit into five categories, including: glycemic control/metabolic risk, reduced ASCVD, heart failure, diabetic kidney disease with albuminuria, and nondiabetic CKD with albuminuria. . The initial trial was performed in patients with relatively good overall renal function, although sub-analyses suggest that the beneficial effect may extend to patients with CKD. SGLT2 inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the renal tubules and are effective in reducing glucose levels based on the amount of glucose filtered, thereby increasing the glomerular filtration rate. The greatest transport burden on the diabetic kidney is in the early proximal tubule. SGLT2 inhibitors make the transport load more evenly distributed between the tubular segments. In addition, the total tubular transport load is reduced by lowering GFR. The SGLT2 inhibitory effect helps maintain mitochondrial function and tubular cell metabolism which can maintain tubular function and GFR in the long term.
WORKSHOP ANALISIS DATA KUANTITATIF DAN KUALITATIF UNTUK AKADEMISI DAN PROFESIONAL
Authors: Trihadmini Nuning , Saadah Siti , Suhartoko YB , Uyanto Stanislaus S. , Kusumahadi Teresia Angelia
Published: April 2023

Problems with data processing and analysis capabilities often hinder lecturers and students in producing research work. Likewise, employees in the financial sector perform data processing in order to support their tasks, namely being able to analyze data into strategic information for the company. The problem solving is carried out by the Master of Applied Economics Study Program, Faculty of Economics and Business, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia, Jakarta, by organizing a Quantitative and Qualitative Data Analysis Workshop for students, lecturers,  and financial practitioners. The activity starts from July 19 to August 19, 2022. Learning media is held online through Zoom Meetings. The participants of this activity are lecturers and students from various institutions/universities throughout Indonesia, from the University of North Sumatra to the University of Ottow Geissler Papua, as well as from practitioners of financial institutions. The number of applicants for this Data Analysis Training is 558 participants.  Workshop material is an introduction to regression analysis & multivariate modeling (data stationarity,ARDL, ECM, cointegration), univariate modeling (ARMA / ARIMA), Volatility modeling (GARCH), Logistics Regression Analysis, VAR, Panel Data Analysis, data analysis with R Studio, Multivariate statistical analysis (PCA, Discriminant, Cluster Analysis) and path analysis (Path Analysis). Based on the evaluation of the participants, this workshop is very useful for them and it is hoped that there will be a follow-up workshop
Connecting Beyond the Classroom: Use of Viber as a Support Tool for Enhancing Essay Writing Skills and Online Language Learning Engagement among Students
Authors: Palaroan Rosalie Muertigue , Gimeno Anabella Rizal , Biňas Gilbert C. , Boloron Ramon Atacador , Budomo Xerxes Mateo , Cardenas De Guia Lemar , Capulso Leonilo B. , Villagonzalo Mersin Cardeño , M. Galas Elbert , Kaur Harsandaldeep , Heidarzadegan Nazila
Published: April 2023

This research study discovered students' online English learning engagement through the use of Viber as a support tool in essay writing by the first-year English majors at a university level with a total of ten participants, five women and five men. It employed the Quasi-experimental design, and pre-and post-test design was used to measure the language learning engagement of the first-year students at a tertiary level. Data were analyzed through frequency count and percentage with the help of SPSS. The result shows that student engagement and level of attitude in language class before the utilization of VST is very low. This means they are very upset in the language class, especially in writing. However, after using VST, their attitude towards writing changes, which means that Viber positively impacts their attitude towards writing. It is also found that they are proficient and well-immersed in writing. Based on the pre-test and post-test scores, they may use Viber as a Support tool or opt to use traditional support because this study revealed that their performance in writing remains good for the two interventions. However, teachers may consider the view of students on using Viber, for this gives them greater efficiency in writing because it makes them focus. Teachers may consider incorporating Viber in their teaching methods to enhance their students' writing skills and overall learning experience.
"Vivenciar o Sentido da Morte é na Prática": os Profissionais de Saúde e suas Vivências com a Morte em um Hospital do Câncer na Paraíba.
Authors: Silva Weverson Bezerra , Franch Mónica
Published: April 2023

Nesse relato etnográfico serão apresentadas as experiências dos profissionais de saúde do Hospital Napoleão Laureano com a morte e o processo de morrer com os pacientes com câncer. Trata-se de uma etnografia hospitalar, buscando contemplar as diferentes categorias de experiência diante do processo de morte. Foram entrevistados profissionais de diversas categorias da equipe multiprofissional que cuida dos pacientes com câncer, sendo observado questões em comum em seus discursos, quando se direciona às experiências de morte infantil, o medo do primeiro paciente morto e as técnicas com o corpo morto. Diante dos resultados, ficou evidente a necessidade de uma formação profissional voltada para a discussão do tema da morte no período da formação acadêmica, de forma que o processo de morrer seja um assunto discutido não só na dimensão biomédica, mas também sociocultural, reconhecendo o duplo sofrimento do paciente e de sua família quanto o sofrimento do profissional diante da morte.
Management of Acute Cholecystitis in Elderly (≥65 years old) Patients: A Retrospective Study Comparing Early versus Delayed Cholecystectomy
Authors: BARUT BORA , Ba Yusuf , Patmano Mehmet , an Ersin , er Adem , Dalda Yasin , lta Fatih , ahin Tevfik
Published: April 2023

Aim: Acute cholecystitis is the most common causes of acute abdomen in elderly population. This study aimed to present the early postoperative period (≤ 30 days) outcomes of elderly patients (≥ 65 years old) with acute cholecystitis who underwent early or delayed cholecystectomy.
Methods: Between January 2016 and December 2020, 74 patients aged 65 and over underwent cholecystectomy for acute cholecystitis were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups as early (time between diagnosis and cholecystectomy 7 days or less, n= 43, 58.1%) or delayed (time between diagnosis and cholecystectomy over 7 days, n= 31, 41.9%) cholecystectomy. Demographic characteristics, preoperative laboratory and radiological findings, and perioperative data of patients were evaluated, and the groups were compared.
Results: The median age of patients was 73 (65-90) years, and 39 (52.7%) were male. Sixty-one (82.4%) patients underwent laparoscopic, 8 open (10.8%) and 5 (6.8%) conversion cholecystectomy. The rate of laparoscopic cholecystectomy was higher in the delayed group (n= 29, 93.5%) than in the early group (n= 32, 74.4%), but no statistically significant difference was detected (p=.06). The rate of open cholecystectomy was statistically significantly higher in the early group (n=8, 18.6%) than in the delayed group (n=0) (P=.017), the conversion rate was similar between the groups (p=1). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of intraoperative complications (p=1). The length of hospital stay was statistically significantly longer in the early compared to the delayed group 5 (1-21) days and 2 (1-12) days, respectively, p< .001).
Conclusion: There was no statistical difference regarding intraoperative complications in patients underwent early or delayed cholecystectomy. We believe that the patient's clinical presentation and early or delayed cholecystectomy experience of the team are vital in determining the timing of cholecystectomy, as well as the severity of acute cholecystitis.
Phytochemicals and anti-hemorrhoidal activities Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) leaves
Authors: Sulistiarini Riski , Puranti Anggi , Prabowo Wisnu
Published: April 2023

Hemorrhoids occur due to inflammation of the rectoanal venous plexus, which causes inflammation, pain, and can cause lumps. This inflammation can cause difficulty in defecation and can even cause heavy bleeding. Empirically Tapak Liman (Elephantopus scaber) leaves have been used to treat hemorrhoids and have been known to contain flavonoids and terpenoid lactones which are active as an anti-inflammatory. Objective: To determine the anti hemorrhoidal activity of E. scaber leaves in reducing inflammation in hemorrhoids in Wistar rats. Material and method: The research begins with the extraction of E. scaber leaves with 70% ethanol as solvent. Extracts were analyzed for total flavonoid content with quercetin standard. Antihemorrhoidal activity was measured based on the degree of edema formed based on the weight of the rectum through the surgical process. Rats were induced with croton oil on the anorectal area for three days. The treatments for the test group were 50, 100, and 200 mg/kgW. The drug control group used oral diclofenac sodium for seven days. Result: E. scaber leaf ethanol extract contains alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, and polyphenols. The flavonoid level was 3.433mgQE/g extract. This study showed that E. scaber leaf extract had the best anti hemorrhoidal activity at a dose of 100 mg/kgW with a significance value of p<0.05. Conclusion: The ethanol extract of E.scaber leaves containing flavonoids provides a fairly good anti-hemorrhoid activity compared to the control drug diclofenac sodium.
A randomized controlled study to evaluate and compare the effect of prednisolone, dexamethasone, and difluprednate eye drops on intraocular pressure in post-cataract surgery patients
Authors: M Apoorva , J Kiran , K Sushma , R Nayana
Published: April 2023

Background: Topical corticosteroids are the effective anti-inflammatory agents prescribed following the cataract surgery. Their prolonged use can produce many side effects and one of them is steroid-induced glaucoma. Commonly used steroids in ocular therapy have tendency to cause rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). Elevated IOP if left untreated can ultimately progress to steroid-induced glaucoma. Any change in IOP should be monitored so that it can be detected and treated on time. Hence, the present study is planned.

Aims and Objectives: The aims and objectives of the study are to evaluate and compare the effect of prednisolone, dexamethasone, and difluprednate eye drops on IOP in post-cataract surgery patients.

Materials and Methods: A total of 90 patients were randomly allocated into three groups of thirty each receiving prednisolone, dexamethasone, and difluprednate eye drops, respectively, for 6 weeks in a tapering dose. Pre-operative and post-operative IOP measurements were noted and the patients were followed up for 1½ months.

Results: Among 90 patients about 4.44% (n = 4) of them showed IOP elevation of ≥10 mmHg from baseline. About 14.44% (n = 13) patients showed moderate rise in IOP that is ≥5 mmHg. Clinically significant IOP elevation that is IOP increase of ≥10 mmHg and overall IOP of ≥21 mmHg was seen in 3.33% (n = 3) of the patients, and all of them belonged to difluprednate group. The mean post-operative IOP between the three treatment groups was not statistically significant.

Conclusion: Difluprednate is having a higher potential of causing early and significant rise in IOP and hence has to be used judiciously with constant monitoring.
A study of airflow patterns among patients attending a hospital set up in Manipur
Authors: Loukrakpam Nataraj , Rymbai Iorbohlang , Khuraijam Ranendra , Haque Md
Published: April 2023

Background: Clinicians and surgeons often require instant knowledge of the lung function of their patients during the course of their management though they rely on the symptoms most of the time. Yet unexpected, abnormal respiratory airflow patterns are found in various diseases which affect the management whereas many respiratory complaints used to turn out to be normal. Respiratory symptoms often but not always correlate with airflow abnormality, thus making office spirometry an important tool for addressing these problems.

Aims and Objectives: An evaluation of the profile of airflow patterns observed among patients attending regional institute of medical sciences (RIMS) hospital, Manipur, is carried out.

Materials and Methods: The spirometry test performances of total 221 patients (120 males and 101 females) aged between 11 and 80 years sent from outpatient and wards of different departments of our hospital (RIMS Imphal, Manipur) were done after taking informed consents. The period of test performance was from June 2016 to November 2018 on all working days in the department of physiology. For this, a computerized spirometer (Helios model no. 401) was used.

Results: 176 (79.6% of the total studied) patients presented with symptoms of respiratory diseases and after spirometry test, 121 (54.7% of the total) were having different patterns of abnormal airflow. About 60% of 111 patients complaining only of breathlessness are found to have normal lung function. Among 13 patients with a common disease such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, unexpectedly 2 cases of restrictive type of airflow and another 2 patients with normal airflow were found.

Conclusion: Awareness of such altered and unexpected occurrence in lung spirometry epidemiology would be informative to the physicians in disease management.
ASPECTOS GERAIS DA FORMAÇÃO ECONÔMICA E SOCIAL DA REGIÃO OESTE CATARINENSE
Authors: Von Dentz Eduardo , Espíndola Carlos José
Published: April 2023

O objetivo desse texto é apresentar os principais aspectos constituidores da formação econômica e social do Oeste catarinense até 1960. Esse objetivo leva em consideração, ainda que de maneira incipiente, alguns elementos que fazem parte da transição do complexo rural para o complexo agroindustrial, bem como os principais fatores responsáveis pela consolidação dos agronegócios específicos na região. Dessa forma, o Oeste catarinense está inserido no contexto físico geográfico do estado de Santa Catarina que lhe confere um planalto levemente ondulado com terras possíveis de serem aproveitadas parcialmente para agricultura, com temperaturas médias anuais de aproximadamente 21°C, mas com elevada amplitude térmica. Essas características naturais proporcionaram o desenvolvimento de riquezas naturais, como a madeira e a erva-mate, que foram utilizadas como primeira fonte de renda de muitos imigrantes, as quais serviram de aproveitamento comercial para as empresas colonizadoras que dividiram e comercializaram em forma de lotes as terras na região – muitas delas de capital internacional e outras de capital nacional. Entretanto, depois do retalhamento da região em pequenos lotes, ao mesmo tempo em que os imigrantes aproveitavam o que sobrou da madeira e da erva-mate, iniciou-se o desenvolvimento da produção de grãos e animais nas pequenas propriedades rurais que funcionavam em forma de pequena produção mercantil. O extrativismo, principalmente madeireiro, serviu para um primeiro momento de acumulação que mais tarde se desdobrou na ampliação da capacidade produtiva dos segmentos agropecuários. Ademais, a pequena produção mercantil da região permitiu a ocorrência de um intenso processo de comercialização local-regional, até 1960, dos seus produtos. Neste sentido, para atingir o objetivo do texto, utilizou-se, principalmente, de dois procedimentos metodológicos: 1) levantamento bibliográfico e alguns dados histórico-geográficos; 2) organização da bibliografia e dos dados levantados em forma das ideias contidas nesse artigo.
ROUBA, MAS FAZ? CORRUPÇÃO, DESIGUALDADE DE RENDA E POBREZA NO BRASIL
Authors: Ribeiro de Oliveira Fernando , Jorge Marco Antonio
Published: April 2023

Este trabalho objetiva analisar a natureza da corrupção no âmbito político-governamental e mensurar os efeitos desse fenômeno sobre os indicadores de desigualdade de renda e pobreza dos estados brasileiros, no período de 2011 a 2015. Para tanto, foram testados dois modelos de regressão com dados em painel e, com o propósito de evitar o problema de endogeneidade, emprega-se o método de mínimos quadrados em dois estágios com uso de variáveis instrumentais. Os resultados obtidos detectaram que os níveis de pobreza aumentam à medida que a incidência de corrupção é maior, trazendo uma implicação importante: as políticas públicas voltadas para contenção e combate à corrupção também contribuem para a redução dos níveis de pobreza.
Evaluating the effectiveness of Discriminator network in GAN architecture for phishing URL classification
Authors: Pham Pham Thi Thanh Thuy , Ta Ta Viet Cuong
Published: April 2023

Phishing attack by illegitimate URLs is of the most common security challenges for both individuals and companies in ensuring the security of their information resources. The user passwords, credit card information, or other sensitive information can be stolen by clicking on the malicious URL links. Recently, machine learning based approach is being popularly applied to detect phishing URLs. The classifiers, such as SVM, Random Forest, LSTM, etc., are built on the standard datasets to make a prediction about a URL sample is malign or benign one. Some recent researches focus on using GAN network for enrichment of malicious URL samples utilized in classifier training based on deep learning models. In this work, we explore the ability of training a standard GAN architecture which consists of two adversarial networks of Discriminator and Generator. The URL samples are generated by the Generator network will be refined and feed backed to the Generator by the Discriminator. This helps the Generator generate URL samples that are more and more similar to the real ones. Accordingly, the Discriminant network also learns the malicious and clean characteristics of the URL patterns. In order to evaluate the effectiveness of this learning, the experiments are conducted on completely new testing datasets beyond the training datasets. The experimental results are promising with the classification accuracy of both malign and benign URLs are about 97%.
Nghiên cứu thiết kế, chế tạo mạch chia công suất siêu cao tần làm việc trên 3 băng
Authors: Trịnh Văn Chiến Dũng , Lê Đăng Mạnh , Lê Hồ Mạnh Thắng , Đỗ Thị Linh Giang , Trần Đông  , Nguyễn Giảng
Published: April 2023

Bài báo trình bày phương pháp thiết kế mạch chia công suất làm việc trên 3 băng tần 0,9; 1,6 và 2,2 GHz sử dụng thuật toán Tối ưu bầy đàn. Mạch được thiết kế, mô phỏng và tối ưu hóa trên phần mềm ADS (Advanced Design System) của Keysight. Kết quả đo đạc các tham số tán xạ của mạch phù hợp với kết quả mô phỏng. Các tham số đo được của mạch như sau: mạch làm việc trên 3 băng với suy hao chèn tốt hơn -3,3 dB, độ cách ly tốt hơn -19.1 dB, suy hao phản hồi trên các cổng tốt hơn -17,2 dB trên cả 3 băng tần. So sánh với các mạch chia công suất 3 băng công bố trước đó, mạch có ưu điểm là suy hao chèn nhỏ, các tham số còn lại đều đảm bảo tốt.
Effects of the liner materials on penetration capability of explosively formed projectiles
Authors: DO QUOC VI , Nguyen Trang Minh
Published: April 2023

Numerical simulations are carried out to study the effects of the liner material (Al, Cu, Mo, W, Ta) on the shape, mass, velocity, kinetic energy, length-to-diameter ratio, penetration depth and hole-diameter of MCT-83 mine (explosively formed projectile). The results of these parameters present the potential capability of each liner material used to fabricate explosively formed projectiles. Cu has get the maximum penetration depth value while Mo has the largest hole-diameter. The research results help to choose the material of liner suitable for each type of EFP warhead and for each different purposes.
Giải pháp thiết kế, chế tạo khối tạo tần số chuẩn 1-OC.VN cho đài P-845
Authors: Bùi Xuân Minh  , Nguyễn Tuấn TS Minh , Cao Văn Toàn  , Nguyễn Thị Thảo
Published: April 2023

Bài báo trình bày kết quả nghiên cứu về áp dụng các kỹ thuật hiện có để thiết kế, chế tạo khối tạo tần số chuẩn 1-OC.VN cho đài P-845 với yêu cầu dải tần rộng, bước tần nhỏ, thời gian đáp ứng nhanh, phù hợp với tính năng kỹ, chiến thuật của thiết bị.
Điều khiển dự báo kiểu Min-Max cho con lắc ngược có nhiễu
Authors: Nguyễn Thành Long , Phan Xuân Minh , Đào Phương Nam
Published: April 2023

Việc triển khai kỹ thuật điều khiển dự báo gặp khó khăn trong việc thiết lập mô hình dự báo đối với hệ chịu ảnh hưởng của nhiễu. Thêm nữa, sự thay đổi của bài toán tối ưu sau mỗi chu kỳ tính toán có thể gây ảnh hưởng đến tính ổn định của hệ kín mặc dù tính ổn định có thể được đảm bảo tại mỗi bài toán tối ưu ở thời điểm trích mẫu gián đoạn. Bài báo đề xuất một cấu trúc điều khiển gồm có bộ điều khiển dự báo cho hệ chuẩn không liên tục sau khi loại bỏ thành phần nhiễu và phần bổ sung xử lý ảnh hưởng của nhiễu. Với mục đích xem xét tính ổn định của bộ điều khiển dự báo, bài toán tối ưu sẽ được thiết lập tại mỗi thời điểm trích mẫu thỏa mãn bất đẳng thức ma trận để cho phép thực hiện việc so sánh hàm ứng viên Lyapunov tại các thời điểm trích mẫu liên tiếp. Kết quả mô phỏng được thực hiện cho một con lắc ngược có nhiễu để khẳng định khả năng của bộ điều khiển được đề xuất.
Modalitas Pencitraan untuk Diagnosis Myxoma Jantung
Authors: Hadiyanti
Published: April 2023

Myxoma jantung merupakan tumor jantung jinak primer yang paling umum, biasanya ada di atrium kiri dengan titik perlekatan di daerah fossa ovalis. Modalitas pencitraan untuk diagnosis myxoma jantung di antaranya ekokardiografi, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
 
Cardiac myxoma is the most common primary benign heart tumor, usually in the left atrium with an attachment point in the fossa ovalis area. Many imaging modalities for cardiac myxoma diagnosis include echocardiography, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
Do Corporate Governance Internal Characteristics Affect the Level of Sustainability Reporting in Saudi Arabian Banks?
Authors: Alhamami Mahdi
Published: April 2023

The main purpose of our study is to do Corporate Governance Characteristics Affect the Level of Sustainability Reporting in Saudi Arabian Banks? A descriptive research design was employed targeting 12 banks. Secondary data were collected from the banks’ annual reports. Time series data comprising three years (2015 to 2017) were used. The study established that the relationship between corporate governance characteristics (board size, independent directors, CSR committee) and sustainability reporting was increasing with time. Regarding control variables firm size and firm age did not have a significant controlling effect on sustainability reporting. The results of our study will be useful for bank managers, government officials, practitioners, and policymakers to provide the opportunity to Saudi banks to expand the globally market liberalization. Our study also contributes to the existing literature, which investigates how Corporate Governance Characteristics Affect the Level of Sustainability Reporting in Saudi Arabian Banks.
Developing a Green School Training Manual for High School Students Pracharat Wittaya Serm School
Authors: Punatung Yupadon , Kurukodt Jurairat
Published: April 2023

This research aimed to develop a green school training manual for high school students in Pracharat Wittaya Serm School with an efficiency index at a rate of 80/80. The scores of knowledge, attitudes, and participation of the research participants gauged before and after the training were compared. The simple random sampling method was used to recruit a group of 54 student samples from Pracharat Wittayaserm School in the first semester of the academic year 2021. The research instruments consisted of The Green School Training Manual, The Knowledge Testing Form, The Attitude Testing Form, and The Participation Testing Form. The statistics used in the data analysis were frequency, Percentage, mean, standard deviation, and paired t-test. It was found that the efficiency of the training manual was 80.45/82.60, and the efficiency Index (E.I.) was 0.5840. These statistics indicate that the students had a 58.40 percent of knowledge progression. It was also observed that the average post-test scores of knowledge, skills, and environmental management participation were higher than the pre-tests scores with the significance at the level of 0.05.
The Development of Emotional Quotient Evaluation for Thai University Students
Authors: Yotha Nattapon , Khaopraay Arthitaya , Narkprom Nateethorn , Rungruang Wasinee
Published: April 2023

In this study, we designed an evaluation form to assess the emotional quotient of Thai university students. The indicators and components of the evaluation were developed from theories and principles regarding emotional intelligence. After the process of content validity assessment, the evaluation consists of 80 indicators in 5 components of Self-awareness, Self-regulation, Self-Motivation, Recognizing Emotions in Others, and Social Skills. In detail, the evaluation was found to have an index of congruence (IOC) of 0.50-1.00, discrimination of 0.472-0.817, and reliability of 0.991. It was later tested for construct validity with 200 Thai university students selected by stratified sampling method. The method of confirmatory factor analysis was employed. The results of the study indicate the evaluation construct validity as the goodness of fit indices passed the criteria and the evaluation model fits the empirical data. Chi – Square = 87.436, df = 73, Chi-Square /df = 1.197, p-value = 0.119, CFI = 0.997, TLI = 0.995, RMSEA = 0.031, and SRMR = 0.021.
Editorial
Authors: Editorial team of Babylonia
Published: April 2023

En 2010, les psychologues Heinrich, Heine, et Norenzayan ont publié une série d’articles dénonçant la sur-représentation d’étudiant.es américain.es comme sujets d’études en psychologie: Ceux-ci seraient en effet 4’000 fois plus susceptibles d’être recrutés pour une expérience que toute autre personne ne faisant pas partie du système académique occidental. Pourtant, plusieurs études comparant les résultats de ces étudiant.es à d’autres échantillons montrent qu’ils ne sont de loin pas représentatif de la population mondiale; au contraire, leurs réponses reflètent des particularités non retrouvées dans les autres catégories sociales. Cette tendance apparaît aussi en linguistique appliquée, ou les sujets d’étude les plus fréquents sont des étudiant.es, une population habituée à passer des tests et souvent issue de la classe moyenne supérieure.
De fait, une population importante d’apprenant.es de langue seconde ne fait pas l’objet d’études, alors même que leur développement langagier est souvent vital:  selon l’UNESCO, plus de 281 millions de personnes, soit 3.6% de la population mondiale vivait à l’étranger en 2022… hors peu d’entre eux apparaissent dans nos publications scientifiques.
Bien sûr, il est plus facile de recruter des étudiant.es, et les communautés immigrées ont souvent des réticences (justifiées!) à accueillir des chercheur.es, mais il nous semblerait tout de même judicieux, en tant que chercheur.es et didacticien.nes, de faire de notre mieux pour nous rapprocher des apprenant.es de langue dans des situations précarisées et pour lesquels le développement langagier est à la fois un challenge et une nécessité.
Ce numéro de Babylonia ne prétend pas combler ce vide, mais il contient une représentation de certaines langues de la migration - de loin pas toutes, mais c’est un premier pas.
Nous vous souhaitons une bonne lecture!
DISCIPLINARY REUNION? MATH, PHYSICS, AND PHILOSOPHICAL THOUGHT COME TO SOLVE CHEMICAL PROBLEMS.
Authors: Tsirunyan V.D. , Adonts H.V. , Gyulbenkyan Zh.Kh.
Published: April 2023

Nowadays, it is hard to imagine any scientific team engaged in only one scientific discipline. The best confirmations of that statement are recent years’ Nobel Prize winners in chemistry, physics, and biology. The study of those subjects starts in school. Thus it is crucial to provide interdisciplinary connections to students from the early years. To achieve that we tried to provide methods based on interdisciplinary connections for solving several types of problems. In the article, well-known concepts of Mathematics and Physics are used to solve complex chemical problems.
Comparative Analysis of Soccer and Futsal Extracurriculars: A Survey Study of Physical Fitness Profiles
Authors: Suryadi Didi , Suganda Mikkey Anggara , Sacko Makan , Samodra Y. Touvan Juni , Rubiyatno Rubiyatno , Supriatna Eka , Wati Isti Dwi Puspita , Okilanda Ardo
Published: April 2023

Background: Futsal and soccer are sports that require endurance and good physical fitness. However, the striking difference, especially in terms of the field used, causes various assumptions.
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to compare the levels of physical fitness required for futsal and soccer as extracurricular activities.
Methods: The Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI), In this study, a survey administered to extracurricular football and futsal players aged 13 to 15 was used as a quantitative method. Male students from two separate schools who were involved in extracurricular activities participated in this study, including soccer at State Junior High School 3 Sukadana, and futsal at Madrasah Tsanawiyah State 1 Pontianak. Applying a purposive sampling strategy to collect the sample, 20 futsal extracurricular students and 20 soccer extracurricular students were obtained. The SPSS version 26 program was used to aid in the data analysis for this investigation.
Results: According to the study's findings, the average physical fitness score for soccer extracurricular was 15.1, while the average for futsal extracurricular was 11.75. Additionally, the significance value is 0.000 0.05, demonstrating a significant distinction between football and futsal as extracurricular activities.
Conclusion: The study on the degree of physical fitness in extracurricular futsal and football found that there is a big gap. These preliminary results might improve understanding of student fitness developments among exercise professionals.
YouTube as a source of information on piriformis syndrome exercises
Authors: Ertem Uğur , Özçakır Süheda , Jale İrdesel Fatma , Mahmut Günay Selim
Published: April 2023

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the quality and reliability of the most viewed YouTube videos on piriformis syndrome (PS) exercises and identify criteria that may be important for selecting high-quality and reliable videos.

Materials and methods: We searched for the keywords “piriformis syndrome exercise,” “piriformis syndrome rehabilitation,” “piriformis syndrome physical therapy,” and “piriformis syndrome physiotherapy” on November 28, 2021. The modified DISCERN (mDISCERN), and the Global Quality Score were used to evaluate the quality and reliability of the videos.

Results: Of the 92 videos evaluated, most (58.7%) of the videos were shared by healthcare professionals. The median mDISCERN score was 3, and most of the videos were found to be medium or low quality. Videos with more subscribers (p=0.001), a shorter upload duration (p=0.001), videos uploaded by physicians (p=0.004), and videos uploaded by other healthcare professionals (p=0.001) were found to have high reliability. Conversely, videos uploaded by independent users were found to have low reliability (p<0.001). When the parameters of the videos were compared among the quality groups, significant differences were found in all video features (p<0.05), some upload sources (other healthcare professionals and independent users; p=0.001), and mDISCERN scores (p<0.001).

Conclusion: It is beneficial for physicians and other health professionals to upload more videos about health to increase the amount of reliable and high-quality information.
Comparative effects of radial and focused extracorporeal shock wave therapies in coccydynia
Authors: Şah Volkan , Elasan Sadi , Kaplan Şeyhmus
Published: April 2023

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the effects of radial and focused extracorporeal shock wave therapy (ESWT) in patients with coccydynia.

Patients and methods: In this prospective randomized double-blind study conducted between March 2021 and October 2021, 60 patients with coccydynia (50 males, 10 females; mean age: 35.9±12.0 years, range 18 to 65 years) were randomized into three groups (n=20) according to different wave types of ESWT: focused, radial, and sham. The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used for pain assessment, and the Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) was used for functional assessment in all patients before the treatment (baseline), after the completion of four sessions of treatment (fourth week), one month after the end of the treatment (eighth week), and three months after the end of the treatment (16th week).

Results: The mean body mass index of the participants was 26.2±3.0. Compared to baseline, the VAS scores at four weeks were reduced only in the radial ESWT group (p<0.05). Compared to baseline, the VAS and ODI scores at eight and 16 weeks were significantly reduced in both the focused and radial ESWT groups (p<0.05 for all). The radial ESWT group was significantly superior to the focused ESWT group in the comparisons between the groups at four weeks in the VAS values and at 16 weeks in the ODI scores (p<0.05 for all).

Conclusion: Radial and focused ESWT are both effective in treating coccydynia compared to sham ESWT. However, radial ESWT may be more effective in the treatment of coccydynia.