bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intersection of caste and gender in Dalit Autobiography: A comparative study of Joothan and The Weave of My Life: A Dalit Woman's Memoirs
Authors: Ms. Runa
Published: August 2022

In Dalit literature, autobiography has been an influential mode of narrative. It has been a crucial confessional instrument for expressing the plight of the underprivileged and bringing attention to several levels of oppression experienced by the outcaste. Dalit autobiographies discuss the plight of the Dalit in India and provide insight into how they challenge the power of the upper caste. However, there are two methods to approach this resistance. One, where it discusses the Dalit community's battles against the horrors committed by the higher caste. Second, it has been used as a potential tool to address how women are doubly marginalised in the Dalit community. Dalit women are more marginalised than Dalit men due to the economic, social and cultural factors. In the proposed paper, there will be a comparative study of the two chief autobiographies- one by a male author, second by a female author. The paper would study the representation of gender divide and its intersection with caste atrocities in the selected works. It aims to shed more light on the apparent differences and similarities between autobiographies written by a woman and a man respectively and try to analyse the mode with reference to gender inequality and caste.
ANALISA PERHITUNGAN PEMBANGKIT LISTRIK TENAGA SURYA UNTUK TAMAN MARKISA DI WILAYAH RT 01/ RW 08 KELURAHAN MAMPANG, PANCORAN MAS, KOTA DEPOK
Authors: Priska Restu Utami  , Widyastuti  , Marliza
Published: August 2022

Tanaman Markisa tumbuh dengan subur di lingkungan RT 01/RW 08 yang  berlokasi di Kelurahan Mampang, Pancoran Mas, Kota Depok sejak akhir tahun 2019. Namun tanaman Markisa ini kerap kali diserang hama kelelawar pada malam hari. Hal tersebut disebabkan kurangnya penerangan disekitar taman buah Markisa. Sehingga dengan kondisi seperti itu, diperlukan penerangan yang cukup. Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memberikan dan membawa perubahan dengan menerapkan teknologi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) untuk digunakan sebagai lampu penerangan di area taman buah Markisa. Perancangan lampu penerangan untuk taman buah markisa menggunakan teknologi Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) harus dilakukan perhitungan dan perencanaan secara matang dan teliti besar kebutuhan minimum energi listrik yang diperlukan sebelum membeli komponen-komponen sistem PLTS. Dari hasil perhitungan kebutuhan lampu penerangan taman buah markisa sebanyak 3 titik lampu penerangan, jumlah biaya yang dibutuhkan adalah Rp. 8.330.000.
PERANCANGAN PERANGKAT MEKANIK PENDETEKSI CACAT PRODUKSI PADA TEKSTIL
Authors: Rudi Irawan
Published: August 2022

Industri tekstil punya peran penting dalam perekonomian Indonesia. Akibat dari produk yang cacat perusahaan dapat mengalami kerugian baik kerugian finansial maupun kerugian non-material. Saat ini metode yang digunakan dalam deteksi cacat kain banyak dilakukan secara tradisional atau semi modern, sehingga perlu ada alat dengan inovasi baru yang dapat membantu pendeteksian cacat kain yang dapat digunakan baik untuk pendeteksian cacat kain secara tradisional maupun dengan metode modern. Pada penelitian ini dengan menambahkan sistem mekanik yang dapat menambah kemudahan dan ketelitian pendeteksian cacat. Pada penelitian ini telah dirancang sistem mekanik alat deteksi cacat kain ukuran dimensi 2100 mm x 2000 mm x 2500 mm yang menggunakan penggerak motor AC 1 phase 0,2 kW / ¼ HP, menggunakan gearbox 1:20 dan menggunakan transmisi v-belt untuk menghantar daya putar ke poros dengan kecepatan putar 84 rpm. Rancangan alat deteksi cacat kain ini adalah berbentuk horizontal. Perencanaan transmisi menggunakan v-belt dengan 2 buah puli berdiameter (d1) Ø76,22 mm atau 3 inch dan (d2) Ø88,9 mm atau 3 ½ inch. Bantalan untuk menompang poros bertipe UCF 204 dengan diameter dalam 20 mm. Untuk poros memiliki diameter 30 mm dan panjang 2120 mm menggunakan material AISI 304 dengan putaran poros 84 rpm dan momen putar yang didapat sebesar 139,14 kg.mm. Sistem mekanik deteksi cacat kain ini masih dapat ditingkatkan dengan mengganti poros utama 1 dan poros utama 2 menggunakan poros as padat supaya lebih stabil saat melakukan penggulungan kain, serta mengganti roda pada bagian penompang poros dengan bantalan UCF 204 supaya saat poros sedang berjalan gerakan putarnya stabil.
A STUDY OF THE NOVEL "SADION KI ZANJEER" IN A HISTORICAL AND SOCIAL CONTEXT
Authors: Dr Shiraz Fazal Dad  , Ms. Maria Termizi  , Dr Ghulam Farida
Published: August 2022

Razia Fasih Ahmed is an important contemporary writer. He has a keen eye for the changes taking place in society. “Sadion ki Zanjeer” is One of his most important novels written in the context of  “Fall of Dhaka”. In this novel, he presented the historical facts regarding the tragedy of East Pakistan in three periods namely “manzar”,”pasmanzar” and “paish manzar”. After the Fall of Dhaka, the people of East Pakistan, who were suffering from misconceptions about independence, realized that it was a conspiracy. The author has stated all these facts very clearly in this novel. He also described the wrong decisions taken by West Pakistan at the political and economic levels. This novel is also an excellent account of the cultural situation of East Pakistan. In this article, the incident of  “Fall of Dhaka” has been presented as a historical tragedy because of the mental and psychological conditions of the characters.
Pengarahan Pengelolaan Sistem Informasi Kesehatan Dalam Pengelolaan Data Surveilans Diare
Authors: Armini Ni Kadek
Published: August 2022

The health information system is one of the six building blocks or main components in the health system in a country. SIK is the main form of the National Health System (SKN) which is used as a component in health-oriented development. An information system that is structured and conceptualized will produce good output and the information is faster, more complete. Information technology is developing rapidly and has an impact on all aspects of life, including health information. One of the health information that has the highest incidence of disease cases among 10 cases of infectious diseases at the bulili health center is diarrheal disease. In order to control and overcome the incidence of disease or health problems and conditions that affect the increase and transmission of diarrheal diseases, it is necessary to provide fast and accurate information in order to direct effective and efficient control and control measures by implementing an integrated surveillance health information system and increasing the number of officers who able to operate a health information system. The counseling activity used a descriptive method with the Human Organization Technology Fit (Hot Fit) approach which was carried out at the Bulili Health Center, Palu City, in November 2021. Based on observations from health education activities about the role of Health Information Systems in managing diarrhea surveillance data, diarrhea surveillance officers have understand the benefits provided by the application of the diarrhea surveillance information system application, one of which is the presentation of information that can be quickly and easily accessed if needed for decision making by stakeholders, although there is still manual data as a result of patients not carrying identity cards.
STUDI IN SILICO SENYAWA KUARSETIN DAUN KENCANA UNGU (Ruellia tuberosa L.) SEBAGAI AGEN ANTIKANKER PAYUDARA
Authors: Shofi Muh.
Published: August 2022

Penyakit kanker merupakan salah satu penyakit degeneratf yang sangat membahayakan, salah satunya kanker payudara yang banyak menyerang wanita. Pengobatan selama ini masih menggunakan kemoterapi, operasi dan radioterapi. Salah satu alternatif pengobatan kanker yaitu menggunakan tanaman herbal yaitu daun kencana ungu (Ruellia tuberosa L.). pada daun tanaman ini banyak terkandung kuarsetin yang dapat menghambat pertumbuhan sel kanker. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kandungan kuarsetin pada daun kencana ungu sebagai agen anti kanker payudara melalui penghambatan Enzim Sirtuin1. Metode penelitian ini adalah struktur 3D enzim Sirtulin1 (pdb id : 4I5I), senyawa kuarsetin (ID : 5280343) dipreparasi dengan program PyRx. Molekular doking dianalisis dengan interaksi kuarsetin dengan enzim Sirtulin1 menggunakan software Autodock 4.2. dan divisualisasikan dengan discovery studio versi 4.1. Analisis data menggunakan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian kuarsetin dengan Sirtulin1 memiliki 16 residu asam amino (Glu420, Leu418, Lys377, Glu410, Glu 416, Lys375, Ser370, Cys371, Leu372, Lys408, Pro409, Asn417, Ile411, Val412, Pro419, Gln412) dan ikatan hidrogen. Kuarsetin daun kencana ungu memiliki potensi aktivitas sebagai anti kanker panyudara karena memiliki afinitas dengan Sirtulin1 yang dapat mencegah terjadinya pengaktifan proses gen dalam pembentukan antioksidan.
Deteksi Bakteri Staphylococcus spp. Pada Sekret Vagina Ibu Hamil Di RSIA Citra Keluarga Kota Kediri
Authors: Muarofah Binti , Minawa Dinda
Published: August 2022

Vagina ibu hamil yang sehat mengandung mikroorganisme flora normal yang berperan dalam pertahanan tubuh, ketidakseimbangan flora vagina dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada ibu hamil. Infeksi merupakan salah satu penyebab utama yang secara langsung menyebabkan komplikasi kehamilan. Skrining lebih dini penting dilakukan melalui pemeriksaan bakteri dari sekret vagina ibu hamil. Sekret vagina yang dibiarkan akan menimbulkan keputihan. Keputihan disebabkan oleh berbagai macam mikroorganisme. Staphylococcus spp merupakan salah satu bakteri yang terdapat pada sekret vagina, bakteri ini jika dibiarkan akan menimbulkan komplikasi pada kehamilan. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeteksi adanya bakteri Staphylococcus spp. dan untuk mengetahui persentase Staphylococcus spp. dari sekret vagina ibu hamil di RSIA Citra Keluarga Kota Kediri. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif dengan 20 sampel, dan menggunakan teknik non probability sampling secara purposive sampling. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu sekret vagina ibu hamil trisemester III (usia kehamilan 30-40 minggu). Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode uji biakan kultur pada media BAP, MSA, dan NAS, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan uji katalase dan koagulase untuk mengetahui spesies Staphylococcus spp. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebanyak 7 sampel dengan persentase 35% didapatkan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan 13 sampel dengan persentase 65% didapatkan bakteri Staphylococcus epidermidis. Hal ini dikarenakan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus epidermidis merupakan bakteri yang sering menyebabkan vaginitis dan flora normal pada urogenital.
Tingkat Pengetahuan Masyarakat terhadap Penggunaan Antibiotik untuk Diare pada Pasien Puskesmas Kecamatan Lowokwaru Kota Malang
Authors: Hidayati Ika Ratna , Atmadani Rizka Novia
Published: August 2022

Diare merupakan peningkatan kecairan feses, jumlah feses dan frekuensi buang air besar (BAB). Peningkatan frekuensi buang air besar menjadi lebih dari tiga kali dalam 24 jam. Jumlah feses  meningkat menjadi lebih dari 200g/hari, dimana jumlah feses yang normal adalah 100-200 g/hari. Diare merupakan salah satu penyebab utama kematian di seluruh dunia. Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui tingkat pengetahuan masyarakat terhadap penggunaan antibiotika untuk diare di Puskesmas Kec. Lowokwaru, Kota Malang. Menggunakan analisis univariat dengan pendekatan cross-sectional, didapatkan 63 responden dengan instrumen penelitian berupa kuesioner dengan menggunakan teknik aksidental sampling. Hasil dalam penelitian ini adalah sebanyak 41,27% masyarakat berpengetahuan dengan kategori “Baik” (26 orang), sebanyak 31,75% masyarakat berpengetahuan dengan kategori “Cukup” (20 orang), dan sebanyak 26,98% masyarakat berpengetahuan dengan kategori “Kurang” (17 orang).
PERANCANGAN SISTEM INFORMASI SURAT KETERANGAN PSIKIATRI BERBASIS WEB DENGAN OTENTIKASI QR-CODE
Authors: Abdussalaam Falaah , Gunawan Erix
Published: August 2022

Latar Belakang : Era globalisasi saat ini menuntut semua bidang termasuk pelayanan kesehatan untuk dapat memberikan pelayanan kepada masyarakat secara cepat dan efektif.  Penyediaan kebutuhan masyarakat saat ini juga sangat tergantung pada tersedianya aplikasi agar dapat mempermudah proses pekerjaan sehari-hari. Salah satunya adalah pembuatan surat keterangan psikiatri di rumah sakit yang masih menggunakan cara manual. Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang Sistem Informasi Surat Keterangan Psikiatri berbasis Web dengan otentifikasi QR. Metode Penelitian : Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitataif. Dengan subjek penelitian adalah satu orang petugas Tata Usaha. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi literature. Metode yang digunakan untuk analisis sistem adalah dengan menggunakan metode waterfall.  Hasil Penelitian : Perancangan sistem informasi surat keterangan psikiatri menggunakan metode waterfall. Dimana sistem ini dapat membantu dalam pelaksanaan kegiatan pembuatan surat keterangan tersebut. Saran : Penulis menyarankan agar sistem digunakan sebagai media pencetakan surat keterangan sebagai upaya terwujunya tertib administrasi.
DETEKSI BAKTERI Staphylococcus sp. PENYEBAB JERAWAT DENGAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN PERAWATAN WAJAH PADA SISWA KELAS XI DI SMK NEGERI 1 PAGERWOJO
Authors: IMASARI TRIFFIT , Emasari Ficka
Published: August 2022

Jerawat merupakan penyakit kulit yang sering terjadi pada masa remaja bahkan hingga dewasa yang ditandai dengan adanya komedo, papul, pustul, nodus, dan kista pada daerah wajah, leher, lengan atas, dada, dan punggung. Faktor-faktor penyebab timbulnya jerawat antara lain seperti faktor genetik, hormon, makanan, kondisi kulit , psikis, cuaca, infeksi bakteri Staphylococcus sp, pekerjaan, kosmetika dan bahan kimia yang lain.  Kebersihan wajah bertujuan untuk mengurangi bakteri atau mikroorganisme dari permukaan kulit dengan cara mengurangi sebum dan kotoran tanpa menghilangkan lipid barrier kulit. Kebersihan wajah yang optimal didukung dengan cara perawatan kulit wajah dengan menggunakan pembersih. Tujuan penelitian yaitu untuk mengidentifikasi  adanya Staphylococcus sp. penyebab timbulnya jerawat dan untuk mengetahui korelasi bakteri Staphylococcus sp.dengan tingkat pengetahuan perawatan wajah siswa kelas XI SMK Negeri 1 Pagerwojo Tulungagung. Metode penelitian ini analitik korelasi dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dan sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 14 sampel. Sampel yang digunakan yaitu swab dari penderita jerawat. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan metode uji biakkan kultur pada media BAP, MSA, NAS dan pewarnaan Gram serta kuisioner untuk mengertahui tingkat pengetahuan perawatan wajah. Hasil penelitian yaitu teridentifikasi bakteri Gram positif Staphylococcus aureus sebesar 79% dan Staphylococcus albus sebesar 21% penyebab timbulnya jerawat serta hasil kuisioner pengetahuan perawatan wajah pada siswa kelas XI dengan kategori cukup 78%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini yaitu terdapat Staphylococcus aureus dan Staphylococcus albus penyebab timbulnya jerawat dan tidak ada korelasi adanya bakteri Staphylococcus sp dengan tingkat pengetahuan perawatan wajah pada siswa kelas XI di SMKN 1 Pagerwojo Tulungagung
Analysis of a-spinasterol Compounds in Trembesi Seeds (Samanea saman (jacq.) Merr) Against Inhibition of 3C-like Protease SARS-CoV-2 Through In Silico Test
Authors: Shofi Muh.
Published: August 2022

Coronavirus Disease 2019 or known as COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In the virus, there is 3C-like Protease which is a non-structural protein in SARS-CoV-2. These proteins are responsible for the process of translation and viral replication. alpha -spinasterol is a sterol compound in trembesi seeds (Samanea saman (jacq.) Merr) which functions to increase immunity. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential of the alpha-spinasterol compound in trembesi seeds (Samanea saman (jacq.) Merr) as an inhibitor of the 3C-like Protease SARS-CoV-2 with PDB ID: 6M2N using the in silico test. The type of research in this research is computer-based experimental research using in silico tests or molecular docking. The working procedure in this study is molecular docking by comparing the alpha-spinasterol compound in trembesi seeds (Samanea saman (jacq.) Merr) and the comparison compound lopinavir with a protein target of 3C-like Protease SARS-CoV-2 and predicting its physicochemical properties. The results of the in silico test showed that the free bond energy was -8.4 kcal/mol and smaller than the comparison compound lopinavir (-8.2 kcal/mol). The amino acid residues in alpha-spinasterol are Asn203, Gly109, Pro108, Gln107, Gln110, Pro293, and Leu202 which have similar acid residues to lopinavir on compound binding to the 3CL-like Protease from SARS-CoV-2. Meanwhile, based on the Lipinski Rule of Five law, the alpha spinasterol compound still meets the requirements if it will be used as a new drug compound so that alternative drugs can be used to replace lopinavir
THE EFFECT OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND IMT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVELS AND HYPERTENSION
Authors: Purnadianti Mely , Riyaniarti Maria , Tuna Hartati , Hermawan Rizal Aditya , Hayuningrum Adilia
Published: August 2022

Aktivitas fisik merupakan  gerakan tubuh oleh otot rangka yang bekerja dan memerlukan energi  yang meliputi seluruh kegiatan di rumah, di tempat kerja, atau aktivitas lainnya. Aktivitas fisik dapat berpengaruh pada metabolisme tubuh. Aktivitas fisik kurang dapat berpengaruh pada metabolisme tubuh yang disebabkan oleh energi yang masuk dan keluar tidak seimbang serta dapat mempengaruhi indeks massa tubuh. Jika berlangsung lama dan tanpa ada perbaikan, dapat berpengaruh pada kadar glukosa darah, kerja insulin serta reseptor – reseptornya. Kerja insulin den reseptor yang terganggu dapat menimbulkan hiperglikemia. Kadar glukosa darah tinggi yang tidak terkontrol dapat memicu terbentuknya AGEs, yaitu zat yang dibentuk dari gula yang berlebih dan protein pada pembuluh darah. AGEs dapat merusak dinding pembuluh darah dan menarik lemak jenuh sehingga terbentuk plaq yang menghambat aliran darah sehingga tekanan darah meningkat dan menjadi hipertensi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui gambaran pengaruh aktivitas fisik dan IMT terhadap peningkatan glukosa darah dan hubungannya dengan hipertensi pada wanita dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian Cross Sectional dan metode penelitian deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Hasil penelitian berdasarkan uji statistik yaitu terdapat pengaruh hubungan antara aktivitas fisik dan IMT terhadap peningkatan glukosa darah dengan p-value 0.001 tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan antara glukosa darah dengan hipertensi dengan p-value 0.336.
PERBANDINGAN KADAR HEMOGLOBIN PADA PEROKOK BERDASARKAN USIA DI RSUD NGANJUK
Authors: Andayani Anik
Published: August 2022

Merokok adalah suatu kebiasaan yang mengganggu dan merugikan kesehatan. Merokok dapat dilakukan oleh berbagai macam kalangan usia. Kebiasaan merokok bagi perokok aktif maupun kebiasaan menghirup asap rokok yang tidak di sengaja bagi perokok pasif adalah salah satu faktor yang dapat meningkatkan kadar karbon monoksida di dalam tubuh. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui Perbandingan Kadar Hemoglobin Berdasarkan Usia Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Nganjuk. Desain penelitian yang digunakan oleh peneliti yaitu Cross sectional survey. Teknik sampling yang dilakukan dengan non-probability sampling dengan cara Purposive sampling. Pengambilan data hasil pemeriksaan dilakukan pada bulan April 2021. Pada penelitian ini terdapat 64 responden yang berpartisipasi. Berdasarkan analisa data yang telah dilakukan diperoleh kadar kadar Hemoglobin rata-rata adalah 14.43 g/dL. Berdasarkan nilai probabilitas atau p value dengan uji komparasi Mann-Whitney,  hasil= 0,000 . Dimana hasil ini <0,05 artinya terdapat perbandingan yang bermakna antara dua variabel yang diuji. Jadi interpretasi hasil uji hipotesa adalah H0 ditolak, artinya ada Perbandingan antara Kadar Hemoglobin Berdasarkan Usia Di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Nganjuk.
Optimalisasi ekstraksi kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L) menggunakan metode maserasi
Authors: Badriyah Lailatul , Farihah Dewi
Published: August 2022

Bawang merah diambil bagian umbi, untuk bagian kulit bawang merah penggunaanya masih terbatas. Kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) merupakan limbah yang belum dimanfaatkan. Tujuan Penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pelarut antara ekstrak etanol 96%, ekstrak air, ekstrak campuran etanol 96%-air menghasilkan ekstrak kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) paling tinggi dan mengetahui perbedaan kandungan golongan senyawa kimia dari ekstrak etanol 96%, ekstrak air, ekstrak campuran etanol 96% dan air pada kulit bawang merah (Allium cepa L.). Penelitian dilakukan secara eksperimen, sampel di ekstraksi dengan cara di maserasi selama 3 X 24 jam dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol 96%, pelarut air dan pelarut campuran etanol-air. Hasil rata-rata rendemen ekstrak etanol 96% 10,66%, ekstrak air 10,29% dan ekstrak campuran etanol-air 13,27%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian bahwa rendemen optimal pada ekstraksi kulit bahwa merah menggunakan pelarut campuran etanol-air yaitu sebesar 13,27% dengan analisis fitokimia secara kualitatif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin.

 

Kata Kunci : Ekstrak Kulit Bawang Merah, maserasi, pelarut
Cotinine Analysis in Active Smoker's Urine by Immunochromatography Assay Method
Authors: Pujiono Fery Eko , Solikah Putri , Mulyati Tri Ana
Published: August 2022

Cigarettes are the main product of tobacco processing. Cotinine is often used as a biomarker in the assessment of nicotine exposure because it has a half-life of 15-20 hours in the blood. This compound is easily detected in saliva, urine and blood. Cotinine in urine can be detected using an immunochromatography assay. The purpose of this study was to describe the results of cotinine examination in the urine of active smokers using the immunochromatography assay method in Sumuragung Village, Bojonegoro. This study used a descriptive research design that collected 26 smokers in the village of Sumuragung Bojonegoro who were selected using a purposive sampling technique. A total of 26 urine samples were detected using the immunochromatography assay method. The results of cotinine examination in the urine of active smokers showed that there were 25 people (96%) positive and 1 person (4%) negative. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the urine of active smokers contains cotinine.
Dual Origin of Left Vertebral Artery- A Case Report of an Uncommon Vascular Variant
Authors: Patil Chandra Sekhar , Reddy S Sushmitha , Kollu Raja , Kumar KS Prashanth
Published: August 2022

Vertebral artery duplication is relatively an uncommon vascular variant. It is a developmental anomaly with a dual origin and has different levels of fusion in the neck. It is usually an incidental finding found during workup of other clinical conditions. Due to its anatomical similarity with arterial dissection it is often misinterpreted on vascular imaging so a thorough understanding of this vascular variant is necessary to avoid diagnostic and therapeutic complications during endovascular interventions. A 43-year-old male presented with complaints of pain and discolouration of fingers of left hand since 2 days. Computed Tomography (CT) angiography of upper limb was done which revealed short segment near complete to complete occlusion/thrombosis of proximal left subclavian artery which was seen 8 mm from its origin with distal reformation by the collaterals. There was an evidence of hypoplastic V1 segment of native left vertebral artery, a small artery was seen arising from the aortic arch in the middle of common carotid and left subclavian artery origins, which was found to be duplicated vertebral artery with dual origin from both the subclavian artery and aorta with fusion of both the limbs at C4-C5 levels.
COVID-19 Pandemic Effect on Psychological Status and Perception towards the Medical Profession among Haryana’s First Year MBBS Students: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Madaan Himanshu , Puri Meenakshi , Kaur Vaneet , Dokwal Sumit , Chahal Savita
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has emerged as a major health crisis throughout the world. In order to control the spread of disease in India, the Central Government imposed a nationwide lockdown. The ongoing spread of the pandemic, strict lockdown measures and delay in the opening of educational institutions in the country are expected to affect the mental health of medical college students too. In order to help and guide the students, we should first be aware of the magnitude of the problem faced by medical students due to the pandemic. For this purpose, this study was conducted online. Aim: To assess the effect of the pandemic on the psychological status of the students and their perception towards medical profession. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted by the Department of Biochemistry of Kalpana Chawla Government Medical College, Haryana, India from 22nd May 2020 to 5th June 2020, among 538 first year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students from several Government and Government aided medical schools in the state of Haryana after obtaining ethical clearance. The detailed questionnaire, a study consisting of sections on the current status in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic, perception towards medical profession and psychological status. It was posted online on social media platforms and the responses were collected within 15 days of posting. The psychological status was assessed based on a 21 item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test, using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software. Results: Out of 538 student’s responses, it shows that 19.1% (n=103) of students experienced moderate stress, probably because of the COVID-19 outbreak and the effect it had on the social and academic aspects of their lives. About 11.5% (n=62) of students had a moderate level of anxiety, and 16.9% (n=91) had experienced moderate depression during the ongoing pandemic. Conclusion: The study demonstrates various factors, like interruptions in regular studies, social distancing, fear of infection, fear of losing a loved one, and worry about the completion of the syllabus and examinations, all cause stress and anxiety in students.
Haemoglobinopathies: A Retrospective Study from a Tertiary Care Centre, Southern India
Authors: Lokanatha Hemalata , Rudramurthy Pradeep
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Thalassaemia and other structural haemoglobinopathies are the major genetic disorders that cause significant morbidity in children. Haemoglobinopathies need to be diagnosed at the earliest in order to offer suitable treatment, carrier identification and counseling which will help to decrease the incidence of haemoglobinopathies. Aim: To study the clinicohaematological spectrum of children with thalassaemia and other haemoglobinopathies, followed by family screening and counseling. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional study was taken up at Department of Pathology, Indira Gandhi Institute of Child Health, Bangalore, Karnataka, India from January 2018 to December 2020, during which records of 235 cases were studied, out of which 100 were the children visiting institute and 135 were the parents and siblings of these children. Diagnosis of these cases was followed by counseling for these families. Results were calculated by data analysis. Percentages were calculated from the frequency of the variables. Results: Amongst the records of 235 cases studied, β thalassaemia major was the most common haemoglobinopathy found in 75 patients, followed by sickle cell anaemia in 10 patients. β thalassaemia trait was the most common haemoglobinopathy among the parents of these children, which was found in 125 individuals. Conclusion: β thalassaemia major is the most common disorder amongst the children with haemoglobinopathy, followed by sickle cell anaemia. β thalassaemia trait is a common entity amongst the carriers of haemoglobinopathy.
Trends in the Seroprevalence of Dengue in a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Karnataka, India
Authors: Parande Aisha , Shinde Rupapali , Parande Mahantesh , Mulla Rubeena Ishrat , Chikkaraddi Uma
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Dengue virus of the Flaviviridae family is the causative agent of dengue fever. The Aedes aegypti mosquito is the main vector for its transmission. Though, the cases of dengue fever are mild and self-resolving, there can be fatal complications like Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) and Dengue Shock Syndrome (DSS). Aim: To study the trends in the seroprevalence of dengue in serum samples of suspected cases. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross- sectional study which was conducted from January 2017 to December 2019, at Belagavi Institute of Medical Sciences (BIMS), Belagavi, Karnataka, India. The serum samples were collected from suspected dengue fever cases and tested by Immunoglobulin M (IgM) capture Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), to detect IgM antibody against dengue virus and NS1 capture ELISA for dengue NS1 (nonstructural protein 1) antigen using ELISA kits manufactured by National Institute of Virology (NIV), Pune. The tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instruction. The data obtained from the study was analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 8,992 serum samples were tested over a period of three years, of which 1,340 (14.90%) were positive for dengue infection. Among which 1,048 (78.21%) were positive for anti-dengue IgM antibodies, 109 (8.13%) were positive for NS1 antigen and 183 (13.66%) were positive for both. Most affected age group was 11-20 years and male to female ratio is 1.18:1. The seasonal peak was observed in monsoon i.e. month of June (15.52%) followed by August (12.02%). Conclusion: Seroprevalence of dengue infection being critical signifies the importance of detection of both IgM antibodies and NS1 antigen for diagnosis of dengue infection. The study also identifies younger population being at higher risk and also monsoon as the most favourable season for viral transmission in this region and highlights the importance of concerted efforts towards disease control and prevention.
Comparison of Vancomycin MICs by Broth Microdilution Method, E-Test and Vitek 2C among MRSA Isolates in Tertiary Care Centre, Hyderabad, India
Authors: Bushra . , Padmaja Kanne , Sudhaharan Sukanya , Teja Vijay Dharma
Published: August 2022

Introduction: The most important pathogen isolated from Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (SSTIs) is a Gram positive organism, Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Wide range of emerging Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections is leading to global threat causing Community Acquired-MRSA (CA-MRSA) or Hospital Acquired MRSA (HA-MRSA). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is done to ensure that antibiotics are chosen efficiently in the clinical settings by Vitek 2, Epsilometer- test (E-test) and Broth Microdilution (BMD) method. Aim: To determine the clinical spectrum of MRSA and comparison of Vancomycin MICs obtained by E-test, Vitek 2C and BMD method. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that was conducted at Nizam’s Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, Telangana, India during the period of November 1st 2019 to December 31st, 2020 from Inpatient Department (IPD) and Outpatient Department (OPD). Among 464 SSTIs, 132 were S.aureus, out of which 38 isolates were MRSA. Identification and sensitivity of the isolates such as pus, wound swabs, and tissues were identified through Vitek 2 compact system. Statistical analysis of the demographic and clinical characteristics was represented as frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 464 SSTIs, S.aureus were 132 of which MRSA were 38 (29%) and Methicillin sensitive Staphylococcus aureus (MSSA) were 94 (71%) with male predominance of 29 (76.3%) with MRSA. Most of the patients were in the age group of 21- 30 years (26%). Amongst the total 38 patients analysed,25 were from IPD and 13 were from OPD. A 23/38 wound swabs (60%) 12/38 of pus (28%) and 3/38 (7%) were tissues. The predominant risk factor observed was Surgical Site Infections (SSI) in 19 cases (50%) followed by prior antibiotic therapy in 17 (44%) cases. The median duration of hospitalisation was 31.5 days. Vancomycin susceptibility by all three methods with an MIC range of 0.5-2μg/ ml by all three methods, except for one isolate where the MIC was >32ug/ml by Vitek 2C and 8 ug/mL by E-test, which was sensitive by BMD with an MIC of 0.25 μg/mL. Conclusion: Implementing infection control practices and controlling the risk factors will help in management of MRSA infections. Drug resistance to Glycopeptides can be avoided by regular screening of vancomycin creeps by different susceptibility methods in order to avoid treatment failures.
A Ten-year Risk Assessment Study of Cardiovascular Events Among Adults Visiting a Tertiary Care Institution in Northern India
Authors: Alam Md Naushad , Ekka Abha , Khatoon Shagufta
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are a group of disorders of the heart and blood vessels, including Myocardial Infarction (MI) and stroke. Risk factors included are both modifiable and non modifiable, like age, sex, blood pressure, smoking status, total blood cholesterol and presence or absence of diabetes mellitus. In the above background it is important to find out the risk of CVDs among patients visiting Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) of a tertiary care institute. Early detection of risk probability will alert them to modify the involved risk factors to avert the CVDs. Aim: To find out the risk of CVDs among adult patients in a duration of ten years, who visited the Outpatient Department (OPD) of UHTC, using World Health Organisation/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction Chart. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Community Medicine, of a tertiary care institution in Northern India, from August 2017 to January 2018. A total of 400 subjects were enrolled. Data were collected using the WHO/ISH ten years risk prediction chart. Chi-square test was applied and level of significance were obtained at p-value <0.05. Results: Majority (58.75%) of the population belonged to the young adult age group (30-50 years). There were 216 males and 184 females. Overall, 7.75% people were diabetic, and 11.25% were smokers. Majority (69.5%) of the people had less than 10% risk for CVD, and 5.75% people had ≥40% risk. With respect to total serum cholesterol, 9% had high level of cholesterol. Statistically significant association was observed between Socio-economic Status (SES) (modified Kuppuswami scale) and cardiovascular event (p<0.001). Middle income group were more at risk compared to others (p<0.001). Conclusion: Middle income group people and young age group had more risk of developing CVDs in future, compared to low- income group and other age groups. So, an early intervention in the lifestyle may avoid CVDs. Also, this study gives way for further research on the weightage of the individual risk factors for CVDs.
Spectrum of Orbito-ocular Tumour in India: Histopathological and Immunohistochemical Study
Authors: Sharma Mousumi , Jaiswal Pooja , Khan Nausheen S
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Orbito-ocular tumours are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. Their incidence is low but requires immediate diagnosis and treatment. There are limited research studies on histopathological and immunohistochemical studies of ocular tumour from India and these studies may provide valuable information and aid in accurate diagnosis and management. Aim: To elucidate distribution of age, sex, location of tumour, histopathological, immunohistochemical findings and any other relevant information with respect to orbito-ocular tumours. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational analysis was conducted over a period of five years from March 2008 to February 2013, in the Department of Pathology in a tertiary care center, Assam, India. Hospital records of 55 patient with malignant ocular tumours were collected, reviewed and statistically analysed. Results: In the present study, a total of 55 cases were included. Out of which, two cases were inconclusive due to inadequate material. Remaining, 53 cases included both intraocular and orbital malignant tumours. Tumours were found slightly more in males (34 cases) compared to females (19) with a ratio of 1.8 to 1. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) comprised the maximum number (16 cases) followed by Retinoblastoma (RB) in 15 cases and melanoma in 11 cases. In children most common malignancy was RB followed by rhadomyosarcoma (RMS). Conclusion: In this study it was found that SCC was the most common malignant tumour in adults whereas RB was the most common tumour in children.
Differentiation of the β-thalassemia Trait from Iron Deficiency Anaemia by Red Cell Indices among Pregnant Women in Southern Haryana, India: A Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Mangla Divya , Singh Sunder Pal , Bansal Nikhil , Kharolia Ravinder , Gole Sheetal , Singh Abhishek
Published: August 2022

Introduction: Due to similar red cell morphology, patients of beta Thalassemia Trait (β-TT) are often misdiagnosed as Iron Deficiency Anaemia (IDA) and given unnecessary iron medication. Facilities for diagnosing them are usually not available in underserved areas where health system and laboratory facilities are not strengthened. Aim: To differentiate β-TT from IDA by red cell indices among pregnant women in Southern Haryana, India. Materials and Methods: This hospital-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government Medical College, Haryana, India, from May 2020 to October 2020. Total 148 antenatal women were screened for presence of anaemia by their haemoglobin level at the time of admission. Types of anaemia were documented. After staining, it was examined for red cell morphology and various red cell indices were also noted. Data collected was entered in Microsoft excel 7, then data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 software package. Results: Of total 148 pregnant women, 104 were found to be anaemic thus the overall prevalence of anaemia was found to be 70.27% (104/148). Most of pregnant women were in the age group of 18-24 years (54.8%). Microcytic hypochromic picture (38.4%), followed by normocytic hypochromic to microcytic hypochromic (20.1%) was predominant on Peripheral Blood Film (PBF) examination followed by dimorphic anaemia. Red Blood Cell (RBC) count was found to be normal in 85.5% cases followed by decreased count in 14.4% cases. None of the case had increased RBC count. Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) was normal in 58.6% of cases followed by decreased below 80 fL in 28.8% of cases. Conclusion: Higher prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women indicates that anaemia still continues to be a major health problem in India. In resource constrained settings, where definitive diagnostic facilities do not exist, red cell indices may be used to differentiate β-TT from IDA among pregnant women.
Sources, Nature and Characteristics of Agricultural Digital Content Accessed by Smallholder Farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya
Authors: Kirui V. C. , Ombati J. M. , Nkurumwa A. O.
Published: August 2022

This paper examined the sources, nature and characteristics of agricultural digital content accessed by smallholder farmers in Nakuru County, Kenya. Descriptive survey design was used in the study. A sample of 130 farmers and 12 Agricultural Extension staff were selected using purposive, proportionate and simple random sampling techniques. Questionnaires and focus group discussion guide were used to collect data. The results of the study indicated that 79.2 percent and 67.7 percent of smallholder farmers received agricultural digital content through listening to the local radio and TV stations that aired agricultural programmes respectively. The findings of the study also revealed that 60.8 percent of farmers used mobile phone calls while 46.9 percent used Short Messaging Services (SMS) to access agricultural digital content. e-books, journal, blogs, websites and pictures were the least used in accessing agricultural digital content among the smallholder framers. The findings of the study also indicated that the cost of receiving agricultural digital content was relatively fair for texting, making phone calls, listening to agricultural radio programmes and watching agricultural TV programmes. Agricultural digital content received by farmers through radio, TV and mobile phone calls were indicated to be good in terms of timeliness, reliability and details. The language used in receiving digital content through phone calls radio and TV were also scored highly because local language is used for interaction. Texting, phone calls, radio and TV were also rated highly in terms of relevance of content. The study concluded that there is a high interest for agricultural digital content among the smallholder farmers and that they are already accessing it majorly through radio, TV and mobile phones. There is need however, to ensure that the content is regulated by the government through an established regulatory body in order to ensure quality agricultural information is disseminated to farmers. The content should also be based on farmers’ level of knowledge and skills.
Consumption Pattern and Elasticities of Demand of Major Food Items among Farm Households in Andhra Pradesh
Authors: Ragamalika V. , Radha Y. , Devi I. Bhavani , Kumari P. Lavanya , Praveena P. L. R. J.
Published: August 2022

We examined food consumption pattern of farm households in Andhra Pradesh. Income and price elasticities were also estimated for major food items using AIDS model. The Primary data were collected from 240 farm households spread over in different regions of Andhra Pradesh. The results revealed that monthly food expenditure for all the income groups was Rs.7450. The per centage of food expenditure was high for meat followed by pulses, cereals, vegetables, oil and fruits for all the income groups. The income elasticities of demand for major food items revealed that cereals had low elasticities for all the income groups when compared to elasticities of livestock and horticulture products such as milk, meat, fruits, vegetables etc. Crop diversification and milch animals rearing should be strengthened for regular income to the farm households which will reduce the food expenditure inequalities among farm households.
On the Nonparametric Approach to Estimation of Non- Constant Variance Function: An Application to Nairobi Securities Exchange (NSE)
Authors: Mwangi Peter
Published: August 2022

Methods for estimating regression models to data in the areas showing varying variances is considered. The centre of attention is on diverse methods of evaluating varying variances. The nonparametric approach which incorporates the smoothing methods and the choice of the ideal bandwidth is discussed. Normally, the cardinal shortcoming which is of interest is the selection of the smoothing method and picking of the best bandwidth [1], Zhai, C. and Lafferty, J. [2]. The two oftenly used smoothing methods; the Gaussian Kernel and Spline are compared. The two smoothing techniques are illustrated and compared using data obtained from Nairobi Securities exchange (NSE) and found that the Gaussian Kernel outperforms the Spline smoother since it gives the best estimate of the variance.
On Modified Inverse Shanker Distribution and Applications
Authors: Nwadiogbu Grace O. , Eze F. C. , K. Onyekwere Chrisogonus
Published: August 2022

Due to variations in life occurrences, descriptions or interpretations and predictions with some level of accuracy has become challenging. In order to use models to solve these problems, statisticians have provided numerous number of probability distributions which can be used to describe one situation or the other. Rama shanker provided Shanker distribution which is not flexible enough to accommodate datasets with decreasing function. In order to add flexibility to Shankers’ distribution, the aim of this article is to suggest a new model developed by modifying shankers’ distribution. The new distribution will be called “Modified inverse Shanker distribution”. It has one special case, inverse Shanker distribution. Besides the basic properties of the distribution, the maximum likelihood technique of estimating the parameters of the distribution and some of the reliability measures are also discussed. We also illustrate the applicability of the proposed distribution using two real datasets.
Documenting the Traditional Marriage Rituals of the Tagakaulo Tribe in Malita, Davao Occidental
Authors: Catipay E. , Sinang A.
Published: August 2022

This study aimed to document and investigate the practice of the traditional marriage rituals of the Tagakaulo tribe in Malita, Davao Occidental. This utilized the ethnographic approach, using the purposive sampling procedure. Participant observation and in-depth interviews were used in gathering the data. Findings revealed that panag-tawag, bribe services, the man proving their intentions to the woman's parents, and the obligation to marry within the tribe are the traditional rituals These rituals are rigidly followed because members of the tribe believe it is the way of receiving their Gods' provisions and blessed married life. On the other hand, the practice of traditional marriage rituals itself has socio-cultural implications, two of its most alarming implications involve imposed responsibilities and obligations to children to be wed at young ages and the cultural insensitivity of other communities because of the tribe's bribe services or the giving of bugay. Nonetheless, this sheds light on the impact of traditional marriages on the relationship of Tagakaulo tribesmen with other communities. Hence, external interventions by NCIP and LGUs must be necessary to address its drawbacks, socio-cultural impact on the wellbeing of minority groups.
New Therapeutic Perspective Based on Anacardium humile in the Treatment of Skin Wound Infected by Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Dos Santos Tauanne Fernanda , Colli Emillene de Holanda , Benitez Diego Francisco Degiovanni , Pinheiro Maria Eugênia de Lima , Rodrigues Barbara dos Reis Dal Lago , Davalos Silvio Rodrigo Arevalos , Tavares Maria Borges , Neto Celso Dal Lago Rodrigues , Campos Camila Borges Siqueira , Oliveira Fernando Araújo de , Moraes Gleyson Murillo Aguilera , Goveia Mellânia Rodrigues , Tavares Marco Antônio de Souza Borges
Published: August 2022

This is a literature review with the objective of presenting scientific evidence about the therapeutic importance of the use of Anacardium humile for the treatment of infected skin wounds. Retrospective and analytical study carried out from 1999 to 2021, in the Bireme, UpToDate, Pubmed and Scielo databases. The association of the descriptors “Phytotherapy” was used; “Cerrado and Pantanal Plants”; “Wounds contaminated by bacteria”; “elastic fibers”. Of the 248 articles analyzed, 36 were included in the review because they met the inclusion criteria. Among the results, it was evidenced that the conventional treatments, although effective (the gold standard being Sulfadiazine 1% silver), present toxicity to human keratinocytes and fibroblasts, with this, it is concluded that further research will be necessary to prove the effectiveness of new treatment options or association of herbal medicines with treatment.