bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exclusive Cutaneous and Subcutaneous Sarcoidal Granulomatous Inflammation due to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors: Report of Two Cases with Unusual Manifestations and Review of the Literature
Authors: Mobini Narciss , Dhillon Rummit , Dickey Jason , Spoon Jordan , Sadrolashrafi Kaviyon
Published: July 2019

Recent emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has revolutionized the treatment of cancers and produced prolonged response by boosting the immune system against tumor cells. The primary target antigens are cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4), a downregulator of T-cell activation, and programmed cell death-1 receptor (PD-1), a regulator of T-cell proliferation. This enhanced immune response can induce autoimmune adverse effects in many organs. Although skin toxicities are the most common, sarcoidal inflammation with exclusive cutaneous involvement is a rare occurrence with only 6 cases reported to date. We report 2 cases with unusual features. One patient is a female who was treated for metastatic renal cell carcinoma with combination of ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1). She developed deep nodules showing sarcoidal dermatitis and panniculitis on histopathologic exam. The second patient is a male with melanoma of eyelid conjunctiva who was treated prophylactically with ipilimumab. He presented with papules/plaques confined to black tattoos, where the biopsy revealed sarcoidal dermatitis. By a comprehensive literature review, we intend to raise awareness about this potential skin side effect in the growing number of patients receiving targeted immunotherapies. It is crucial to have a high index of suspicion and perform timely biopsies to implement appropriate management strategies.
Prosthetic Correction of Proclined Maxillary Incisors: A Biomechanical Analysis
Authors: He Yiting , Chen Yung-Chung , Teng Wei , Fok Alex S. L. , Chew Hooi Pin
Published: July 2019

In some cases of proclined maxillary incisors, the proclination can be corrected by a fixed prosthesis. The aim of this study was to investigate the magnitude and distribution of (i) principal stresses in the adjacent alveolar bone and (ii) direct and shear stresses that are normal and parallel, respectively, to the bone-tooth interface of a normal angulated maxillary incisor, a proclined one, and a proclined one corrected with an angled prosthetic crown. 2D finite-element models were constructed, and a static load of 200 N on the palatal surface of the maxillary incisor at different load angles was applied. Load angles (complementary angle to interincisal angle) ranging from 20° to 90° were applied. The results indicate that the load angle could have a more significant impact on the overall stress distributions in the surrounding alveolar bone and along the bone-tooth interface than the proclination of the maxillary incisor. Provided that the resulting interincisal angle is 150° or smaller, the stresses in the surrounding bone and at the bone-tooth interface are similar between a proclined maxillary incisor and the one with prosthodontic correction. Hence, such a correction, when deemed appropriate clinically, can be undertaken with confidence that there is little risk of incurring additional stresses over that already in existence, in the supporting bone and at the tooth-bone interface.
Search for Novel Diagnostic Biomarkers of Prostate Inflammation-Related Disorders: Role of Transglutaminase Isoforms as Potential Candidates
Authors: Savoca Maria Pia , Inferrera Antonino , Verderio Elisabetta A. M. , Caccamo Daniela
Published: July 2019

Investigations on prostate inflammation-related disorders, including acute and chronic prostatitis, chronic pelvic pain syndrome, benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH), and prostate cancer (PCa), are still ongoing to find new, accurate, and noninvasive biomarkers for a differential diagnosis of those pathological conditions sharing some common macroscopic features. Moreover, an ideal biomarker should be useful for risk assessment of prostate inflammation progression to more severe disorders, like BPH or PCa, as well as for monitoring of treatment response and prognosis establishment in carcinoma cases. Recent literature evidence highlighted that changes in the expression of transglutaminases, enzymes that catalyze transamidation reactions leading to posttranslational modifications of soluble proteins, occur in prostate inflammation-related disorders. This review focuses on the role specifically played by transglutaminases 4 (TG4) and 2 (TG2) and suggests that both isoenzymes hold a potential to be included in the list of candidates as novel diagnostic biomarkers for the above-cited prostate pathological conditions.
Colonoscopy and Sigmoidoscopy Use among the Average-Risk Population for Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Trend Analysis
Authors: Cardoso Rafael , Niedermaier Tobias , Chen Chen , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: July 2019

Monitoring population-level colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy use is crucial to estimate the future burden of colorectal cancer and guide screening efforts. We conducted a systematic literature search on colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy use, published between November 2016 and December 2018 in the databases PubMed and Web of Science to update previous reviews and analyze time trends for various countries. In addition, we used data from the German and European Health Interview Surveys and the National Health Interview Survey to explore recent time trends for Germany and the US, respectively. The literature search yielded 23 new articles: fourteen from the US and nine from Australia, Canada, England, Germany, Saudi Arabia, and South Korea. Colonoscopy use within 10 years was highest and, apart from the youngest age groups eligible for colorectal cancer screening, kept increasing to levels close to 60% in the US and Germany. A recent steep increase was also observed for South Korea. Limited data were available on sigmoidoscopy use; regional studies from the US suggest that sigmoidoscopy has become rarely used. Despite high uptake and ongoing increase in the US, Germany, and South Korea, use of colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy has either remained low or essentially unknown for the majority of countries.
An annotated catalogue of the pygmy grasshoppers of the genus Criotettix Bolívar, 1887 (Orthoptera: Tetrigidae) with two new Criotettix species from China
Authors: DENG WEI-AN , CHEN DAN-NI , SHENG QIN , ZHAO CONG-LIN , WU FEI-PENG
Published: July 2019

The tetrigid genus Criotettix Bolívar, 1887 from China is taxonomically reviewed. The genus now includes 39 species from China, in which two new species are described and illustrated, namely: Criotettix longispinus Deng, sp. nov. and Criotettix undatifemurus Deng, sp. nov..Their distribution and an annotated identification key to Chinese species are provided.
Observational and Modeling Study of Ice Hydrometeor Radar Dual-Wavelength Ratios
Authors: Matrosov Sergey Y. , Maahn Maximilian , de Boer Gijs
Published: July 2019

The influence of ice hydrometeor shape on the dual-wavelength ratio (DWR) of radar reflectivities at millimeter-wavelength frequencies is studied theoretically and on the basis of observations. Data from dual-frequency (Ka–W bands) radar show that, for vertically pointing measurements, DWR increasing trends with reflectivity Ze are very pronounced when Ka-band Ze is greater than about 0 dBZ and that DWR and Ze values are usually well correlated. This correlation is explained by strong relations between hydrometeor characteristic size and both of these radar variables. The observed DWR variability for a given level of reflectivity is as large as 8 dB, which is in part due to changes in mean hydrometeor shape as expressed in terms of the particle aspect ratio. Hydrometeors with a higher degree of nonsphericity exhibit lower DWR values when compared with quasi-spherical particles because of near-zenith reflectivity enhancements for particles outside the Rayleigh-scattering regime. When particle mass–size relations do not change significantly (e.g., for low-rime conditions), DWR can be used to differentiate between quasi-spherical and highly nonspherical hydrometeors because (for a given reflectivity value) DWR tends to increase as particles become more spherical. Another approach for differentiating among different degrees of nonsphericity for larger scatterers is based on analyzing DWR changes as a function of radar elevation angle. These changes are more pronounced for highly nonspherical particles and can exceed 10 dB. Measurements of snowfall spatiotemporally collocated with spaceborne CloudSat W-band radar and ground-based S-band operational weather radars also indicate that DWR values are generally smaller for ice hydrometeors with higher degrees of nonsphericity, which, for the same level of S-band reflectivity, exhibit greater differential reflectivity values.
Surveillance of Patients with Head and Neck Cancer with an Intensive Clinical and Radiologic Follow‐up
Authors: Imbimbo Martina , Alfieri Salvatore , Botta Laura , Bergamini Cristiana , Gloghini Annunziata , Calareso Giuseppina , Orlandi Ester , Iacovelli Nicola Alessandro , Guzzo Marco , Granata Roberta , Resteghini Carlo , Locati Laura , Volpi Chiara Costanza , Licitra Lisa , Bossi Paolo
Published: July 2019

Objective

There is no consensus on the follow‐up modalities in patients with head and neck cancer. This study aims to describe the pattern and survival outcomes of recurrences/second primary cancers in patients undergoing an intensive radiologic and clinical follow‐up.

Study Design

Retrospective analysis.

Setting

Single academic tertiary care center.

Subjects and Methods

All patients with stage III‐IV head and neck cancer treated with chemoradiotherapy at our institution between 1998 and 2010 were retrospectively reviewed. Persistent/recurrent disease within 6 months since the curative treatment and second primary cancers outside the upper aerodigestive tract were excluded. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics. Surveillance was planned every 3 months in the first year, then with increasing intervals till the fifth year.

Results

A total of 326 patients were included. Out of all detected cancer recurrences (n = 106, 32%), 38 (36%) were locoregional, 44 (41%) were distant, and 24 (23%) were second primary cancers. Approximately 70% of recurrences were clinically and/or radiologically discovered, while 30% were diagnosed due to the patients’ symptoms. Of all clinically and/or radiologically discovered recurrences/second primary cancers (n = 74), 26 (35%) were curatively treated, with respect to 9 of the 32 (28%) diagnosed by symptoms. Median overall survival of recurrent curable cases did not significantly differ according to the detection modality (89 months by clinical/radiologic examination vs 85 by symptoms).

Conclusions

Clinical and radiologic follow‐up identified more recurrences/second primary cancers than the symptom‐driven monitoring, but the curability of cancer recurrence was similar regardless of detection modality. Prospective trials are needed to define the most effective follow‐up strategy in head and neck cancer.
Blood disease–causing and –suppressing transcriptional enhancers: general principles and GATA2 mechanisms
Authors: Bresnick Emery H. , Johnson Kirby D.
Published: July 2019

Intensive scrutiny of human genomes has unveiled considerable genetic variation in coding and noncoding regions. In cancers, including those of the hematopoietic system, genomic instability amplifies the complexity and functional consequences of variation. Although elucidating how variation impacts the protein-coding sequence is highly tractable, deciphering the functional consequences of variation in noncoding regions (genome reading), including potential transcriptional-regulatory sequences, remains challenging. A crux of this problem is the sheer abundance of gene-regulatory sequence motifs (cis elements) mediating protein-DNA interactions that are intermixed in the genome with thousands of look-alike sequences lacking the capacity to mediate functional interactions with proteins in vivo. Furthermore, transcriptional enhancers harbor clustered cis elements, and how altering a single cis element within a cluster impacts enhancer function is unpredictable. Strategies to discover functional enhancers have been innovated, and human genetics can provide vital clues to achieve this goal. Germline or acquired mutations in functionally critical (essential) enhancers, for example at the GATA2 locus encoding a master regulator of hematopoiesis, have been linked to human pathologies. Given the human interindividual genetic variation and complex genetic landscapes of hematologic malignancies, enhancer corruption, creation, and expropriation by new genes may not be exceedingly rare mechanisms underlying disease predisposition and etiology. Paradigms arising from dissecting essential enhancer mechanisms can guide genome-reading strategies to advance fundamental knowledge and precision medicine applications. In this review, we provide our perspective of general principles governing the function of blood disease–linked enhancers and GATA2-centric mechanisms.
Ten-year employment patterns of patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum disorders: comparison of early intervention and standard care services
Authors: Chan Sherry Kit Wa , Pang Herbert H. , Yan Kang K. , Hui Christy Lai Ming , Suen Yi Nam , Chang Wing Chung , Lee Edwin Ho Ming , Sham Pak , Chen Eric Yu Hai
Published: July 2019

Background

Little is known about long-term employment outcomes for patients with first-episode schizophrenia-spectrum (FES) disorders who received early intervention services.

Aims

We compared the 10-year employment trajectory of patients with FES who received early intervention services with those who received standard care. Factors differentiating the employment trajectories were explored.

Method

Patients with FES (N= 145) who received early intervention services in Hong Kong between 1 July 2001 and 30 June 2002 were matched with those who entered standard care 1 year previously. We used hierarchical clustering analysis to explore the 10-year employment clusters for both groups. We used the mixed model test to compare cluster memberships and piecewise regression analysis to compare the employment trajectories of the two groups.

Results

There were significantly more patients who received the early intervention service in the good employment cluster (early intervention:N= 98 [67.6%]; standard care:N= 76 [52.4%];P= 0.009). In the poor employment cluster, there was a significant difference in the longitudinal pattern between early intervention and standard care for years 1–5 (P< 0.0001). The number of relapses during the first 3 years, months of full-time employment during the first year and years of education were significant in differentiating the clusters of the early intervention group.

Conclusions

Results suggest there was an overall long-term benefit of early intervention services on employment. However, the benefit was not sustained for all patients. Personalisation of the duration of the early intervention service with a focus on relapse prevention and early vocational reintegration should be considered for service enhancement.
Visual search in breast imaging
Authors: Gandomkar Ziba , Mello-Thoms Claudia
Published: July 2019

Breast cancer is the most common cancer among females worldwide and large volumes of breast images are produced and interpreted annually. As long as radiologists interpret these images, the diagnostic accuracy will be limited by human factors and both false-positive and false-negative errors might occur. By understanding visual search in breast images, we may be able to identify causes of diagnostic errors, find ways to reduce them, and also provide a better education to radiology residents. Many visual search studies in breast radiology have been devoted to mammography. These studies showed that 70% of missed lesions on mammograms attract radiologists’ visual attention and that a plethora of different reasons, such as satisfaction of search, incorrect background sampling, and incorrect first impression can cause diagnostic errors in the interpretation of mammograms. Recently, highly accurate tools, which rely on both eye-tracking data and the content of the mammogram, have been proposed to provide feedback to the radiologists. Improving these tools and determining the optimal pathway to integrate them in the radiology workflow could be a possible line of future research. Moreover, in the past few years deep learning has led to improving diagnostic accuracy of computerized diagnostic tools and visual search studies will be required to understand how radiologists interact with the prompts from these tools, and to identify the best way to utilize them. Visual search in other breast imaging modalities, such as breast ultrasound and digital breast tomosynthesis, have so far received less attention, probably due to associated complexities of eye-tracking monitoring and analysing the data. For example, in digital breast tomosynthesis, scrolling through the image results in longer trials, adds a new factor to the study’s complexity and makes calculation of gaze parameters more difficult. However, considering the wide utilization of three-dimensional imaging modalities, more visual search studies involving reading stack-view examinations are required in the future. To conclude, in the past few decades visual search studies provided extensive understanding about underlying reasons for diagnostic errors in breast radiology and characterized differences between experts’ and novices’ visual search patterns. Further visual search studies are required to investigate radiologists’ interaction with relatively newer imaging modalities and artificial intelligence tools.
Metal artifact reduction techniques for single energy CT and dual-energy CT with various metal materials
Authors: Kawahara Daisuke , Ozawa Shuichi , Yokomachi Kazushi , Higaki Toru , Shiinoki Takehiro , Saito Akito , Kimura Tomoki , Nishibuchi Ikuno , Takahashi Ippei , Takeuchi Yuuki , Imano Nobuki , Kubo Katsumaro , Mori Masayoshi , Ohno Yoshimi , Murakami Yuji , Nagata Yasushi
Published: July 2019

Objective:

The aim of the current study is to evaluate the effectiveness of reduction metal artifacts using kV-CT image with the single-energy based metal artefact reduction (SEMAR) technique by single-energy reconstruction, monochromatic CT and rED reconstructed by dual-energy reconstruction.

Methods:

Seven different metal materials (brass, aluminum, copper, stainless, steel, lead and titanium) were placed inside the water-based PMMA phantom. After DECT-based scan, the artefact index (AI) were evaluated with the kV-CT images with and without SEMAR by single-energy reconstruction, and raw-data based electron density (rED), monochromatic CT images by dual-energy reconstruction. Moreover, the AI with evaluated with rED and the converted ED images from the kV-CT and monochromatic CT images.

Results:

The minimum average value of the AI with all-metal inserts was approximately 80 keV. The AI without SEMAR was larger than that with SEMAR for the 80 kV and 135 kV CT images. In the comparison of the AI for the rED and ED images that were converted from 80 kV and 135 kV CT images with and without SEMAR, the monochromatic CT images of the PMMA phantom with inserted metal materials at 80 keV revealed that the kV-CT with SEMAR reduced the metal artefact substantially.

Conclusion:

The converted ED from the kV-CT and monochromatic CT images could be useful for a comparison of the AI using the same contrast scale. The kV-CT image with SEMAR by single-energy reconstruction was found to substantially reduce metal artefact.

Advances in knowledge:

The effectiveness of reduction of metal artifacts using single-energy based metal artefact reduction (SEMAR) technique and dual-energy CT (DECT) was evaluated the electron density conversion techniques.
Εκπαίδευση της Δεξιότητας Συζήτησης σε Ομάδα Ατόμων με Αναπτυξιακές Αναπηρίες: Ένα Πρόγραμμα Παρέμβασης
Authors: Λάππα (Lappa) Χριστίνα (Christina) Σ. , Μαντζίκος (Mantzikos) Κωνσταντίνος (Constantinos) N.
Published: July 2019

Ο στόχος αυτής της ποιοτικής έρευνας ήταν η εκπαίδευση κοινωνικών ανταλλαγών και συγκεκριμένα της δεξιότητας συζήτησης σε επτά ενήλικες με αναπτυξιακές αναπηρίες (μέτρια και σοβαρή νοητική αναπηρία, σύνδρομο Down και αυτισμός με νοητική αναπηρία). Οι συμμετέχοντες/ουσες, που αποτέλεσαν μία ομάδα, εκπαιδεύτηκαν με ερωταποκρίσεις να διαλέγονται μεταξύ τους με τη βοήθεια εικόνων. Χρησιμοποιήθηκε ένα ημι-πειραματικό σχέδιο βάσεων, εκπαίδευσης (με ερωτήσεις και εικόνες), επιστροφής στη βάση και εξέτασης με απόσυρση των αρχικών συστατικών εκπαίδευσης (εικόνων), για να δείξει την κατάκτηση της δεξιότητας. Το πρόγραμμα παρέμβασης διήρκησε δύο μήνες. Και οι επτά συμμετέχοντες/ουσες που ξεκίνησαν από μηδενική βάση κατέκτησαν την ικανότητα συμμετοχής στη συζήτηση ανάλογα με το δυναμικό τους. Η εκπαίδευση και η παρεχόμενη δομή αυτής της παρέμβασης αύξησε τον αριθμό των ανταλλαγών τους κι έδωσε τη δυνατότητα και τον τρόπο να κοινωνικοποιηθούν. Με αφορμή την παρέμβαση αυτή αποδεικνύεται πως τα άτομα με αναπτυξιακές αναπηρίες δύνανται να διδαχθούν δεξιότητες συζήτησης σε ομάδα.
Whose Skin? Curating Tattooed Tableaux Vivants in Contemporary Art
Authors: King Dorothée
Published: July 2019

This article discusses tattoo works by contemporary artists Wim Delvoye and Santiago Sierra to raise questions about curating tattooed tableaux vivants. Showing tattoos on living persons in an exhibition context instigates an intriguing curatorial network. The relationship extends from the curator and the artist to the person carrying the artwork. Yet one cannot assume that the three parties act in agreement. Their connection may be social, art-focused or even market-driven. In a newly formed triangle of artistic and curatorial interests, the division of labour and distribution of profits have to be renegotiated.
abordagem de análise de livros didáticos de língua estrangeira
Authors: De Azevedo Bruno , Braga Tomitch Lêda Maria
Published: July 2019

Em aquisição de língua estrangeira, a relação entre o conhecimento lexical e a compreensão leitora está consolidada. O conhecimento lexical prediz a compreensão leitora, assim como a leitura tem a capacidade de ampliar o repertório vocabular dos aprendizes de uma língua estrangeira (LE) (LAUFER 1992; 2017; DROOP; VERHOEVEN, 2003; FINGER-KRATOCHVIL; 2014;). Sob esta perspectiva, o presente artigo apresenta uma abordagem de análise de livros didáticos que propõe a investigação de seguintes aspectos: 1) como o vocabulário é apresentado nas unidades dos livros didáticos em relação à unidade de leitura; 2) quais tipos de palavras estão sendo abordadas – palavras frequentes e falsos cognatos (SÖKMEN, 1997), palavras que auxiliam na compreensão de ideias principais e secundárias do texto (GAGNÉ et al., 1993); 3) se há várias oportunidades de reencontro com as palavras ensinadas para memorização (SÖKMEN, 1997); e 4) qual nível de processamento as palavras promovem (CRAIK; LOCKHART, 1972; LAUFER; HULSTIJN, 2001). Esta abordagem foi utilizada por De Azevedo (2018), e se constitui uma ferramenta de pesquisa a ser utilizada por professores pesquisadores para análise de atividades de vocabulário em livros didáticos.
Padrões de seleção categorial resultantes da prática da tradução interlinguística por estudantes do ensino superior em Moçambique
Authors: Companhia Carlito Antonio
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem por objetivo descrever os padrões de seleção categorial resultantes da prática da tradução interlinguística por estudantes do ensino superior em Moçambique. Do ponto de vista metodológico, toma-se como base um corpus constituído por 114 frases produzidas por 40 estudantes finalistas do curso de Tradução Inglês/Português da Faculdade de Letras e Ciências Sociais da Universidade Eduardo Mondlane em Moçambique. Os resultados do presente estudo mostram que o processo de tradução interlinguística coloca às informantes dificuldades relacionadas com a adequação linguística. Uma das áreas da gramática do Português que se revela problemática no processo de tradução é o estabelecimento das propriedades de seleção categorial dos itens lexicais ao nível dos argumentos preposicionados, nominais e frásicos.
Questões metodológicas envolvidas no design de experimentos de processamento de leitura com o uso do software PsychoPy
Authors: Limberger Bernardo Kolling , Biasibetti Ana Paula
Published: July 2019

Este artigo tem como principal objetivo analisar o uso do programa PsychoPy na investigação do processamento de leitura no que tange ao desenvolvimento, execução e tratamento dos resultados de dois experimentos psicolinguísticos. Para tanto, o passo-a-passo da montagem de dois testes de leitura, a saber, o teste Stroop e de uma tarefa de decisão lexical, será apresentado. Além disso, os pontos fortes e fracos do programa serão salientados. Entende-se que este estudo é relevante no sentido de que abarca o desafio metodológico da pesquisa experimental em relação ao grau de dificuldade encontrado na elaboração e na aplicação dos experimentos. Desse modo, esperamos contribuir para a divulgação dos recursos disponibilizados pelo PsychoPy - um programa de livre acesso, gratuito e de fácil utilização - à pesquisa brasileira.
EVALUASI KINERJA JARINGAN DMVPN MENGGUNAKAN ROUTING PROTOCOL RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP DENGAN BGP
Authors: Arini Arini
Published: July 2019

Data communication has become a major requirement for companies and governmental institutions. Communication is not only limited to one particular local area but covers other areas so as to form a wide network (WAN). By using 3-phase DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint Virtual Private Network) technology, government companies and institutions can communicate securely through the Internet network at lower cost and easier in configuration than similar solutions such as X.25, Frame Relay and ATM. In maximizing the performance of DMVPN required good network management, one of them by using a combination of internal and external routing protocol. In this study the routing protocol used RIPv2, OSPF, EIGRP and BGP with different algorithms, to compare them used QoS criteria (throughput, jitter, packet loss, network covergence). Methods of data collection with literature study and literature study, simulation done with 8 stages (problem formulation, conceptual model, input & output data, modeling, simulation, verification & validation, experimentation, and output analysis). The results of this study provide the best QoS value in phase 1 is EIGRP-BGP, phase 2 is EIGRP-BGP, and phase 3 is RIPv2-BGP. And EIGRP-BGP is the best combination of routing protocols for DMVPN.
PENGEMBANGAN LAYANAN PENYEBARAN INFORMASI AKADEMIK BERBASIS ANDROID
Authors: F.D.Setyawan Gregorius Ferdian , Wintolo Hero , Indrianingsih Yuliani
Published: July 2019

E-pengumuman is a multimedia-based information dissemination application that utilizes internet network as data eye media. The use of android mobile apps as a tool for accessing anything connected to the internet helps the customers with information submitted by the app site. Make the Internet as a central storage server to manage data as well as information. Services available on the application can be accessed through student information websites, faculty, and courses. While the news can be accessed via mobile Android. The results of this app testing show that this application can be used as a delivery service and receive information appropriately.
Keraton Yogyakarta Masa Lampau dan Masa Kini: Dinamika Suksesi Raja-Raja Jawa dan Politik Wacana “Raja Perempuan”
Authors: Safitri Ilmiawati
Published: July 2019

This article presents the dynamics of the succession of the king's regime in the Yogyakarta palace, which entered the crisis period because of the absence of successors to the male king. The emergence of the queen discourse that echoed at the Yogyakarta palace since 2010. It has sparked new tensions for the relatives of the palace. This discussion continues to grow. The words of the king echoed by Sultan Hamengku Buwono X under the pretext of gender became political ambition to perpetuate power. This study used the historical method to answer the problems that in every change of regimes in the Sultan Palace, Yogyakarta was always followed by conflicts over the throne and tug of war which affected the people outside the palace, such as when Islamic Mataram broke into four kingdoms. At that time, the community took part in regional warfare. This impact arose because of the desires of every descendant of the king, who feels entitled to become the next king.
Pediatric diabetes inpatient care: can medical staff knowledge be improved?
Authors: Barash Galia , Lavy Gila , Landau Zohar , Tokatly Latzer Itay , Rachmiel Marianna
Published: July 2019

Background

The purpose of this study was to assess the benefit of a short workshop addressing knowledge and confidence of inpatient caregivers (physicians and nurses) treating pediatric type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients.

Methods

Questionnaires to determine familiarity with T1DM management and confidence in care were distributed at three university-affiliated medical centers. A 5-h practical-skills workshop was conducted at one center. Same questionnaires were filled out immediately after the workshop and 3 months later. Evaluation of knowledge was based on 16 multiple-choice questions, and confidence based on 10 categorical questions.

Results

Nurses and physicians (total 135, 106 women, 85 nurses) completed the questionnaires. The median knowledge score was 53.33 (40–66) and 46.7 (26.7–66.7) for nurses and physicians, respectively (p = 0.76). The confidence scores were 1.44 (1.1–1.9) and 1.56 (1.2–1.8), respectively (p = 0.7). More experience among nurses (>10 years) was associated with higher confidence scores (p = 0.04). Twenty-one physicians and 52 nurses, 66 women, attended the workshop. The median knowledge grade improved from 60 (47–67) to 81 (69–81), p < 0.001, immediately after, and to 69 (63–81), p < 0.001, 3 months post-workshop. The median confidence score improved from 1.8 (1.6–2) to 2.4 (2.1–2.6), p < 0.001, and to 2.2 (2–2.6), p < 0.001, respectively. There was no association with profession or seniority.

Conclusions

Knowledge and confidence in care of medical staff treating inpatient T1DM pediatric patients are lacking. Both improved significantly after the workshop, independent of seniority or profession.
Computer Modeling in Philosophy of Religion
Authors: Shults F. LeRon
Published: July 2019

How might philosophy of religion be impacted by developments in computational modeling and social simulation? After briefly describing some of the content and context biases that have shaped traditional philosophy of religion, this article provides examples of computational models that illustrate the explanatory power of conceptually clear and empirically validated causal architectures informed by the bio-cultural sciences. It also outlines some of the material implications of these developments for broader metaphysical and metaethical discussions in philosophy. Computer modeling and simulation can contribute to the reformation of the philosophy of religion in at least three ways: by facilitating conceptual clarity about the role of biases in the emergence and maintenance of phenomena commonly deemed “religious,” by supplying tools that enhance our capacity to link philosophical analysis and synthesis to empirical data in the psychological and social sciences, and by providing material insights for metaphysical hypotheses and metaethical proposals that rely solely on immanent resources.
How physicians acquire leadership competencies: A systematic review
Authors: Hozni Seyed Ali , Hakkak Mohammmad , Vahdati Hojat , Nazarpouri Amir Hooshang
Published: July 2019

Background: Health systems around the world have their own unique challenges. Today, competence in clinical leadership is often seen as more important than clinical competence. Given the important role of physicians in health systems, how do they acquire clinical leadership competencies? In this research, valid scientific articles were reviewed for insight. Methods: In this research, databases including Science Direct, ProQuest, PubMed, SCOPUS, and Emerald, as well as Google Scholar, the Scientific Information Database, and Magiran for Iranian articles were searched for valid evidence-based English and Persian articles published between 2010 and 2018 using combination of keywords such as "physician," "leadership," and "competency" singly and in combination with the terms "AND" and "OR" as research strategy. Studies that focused on "physicians leadership competency" were selected. Search results were limited to the years 2010-2018. After reviewing the papers, 18 relevant articles were selected. Results: In the first phase, 350 articles were selected and after careful examination, 18 papers were approved at the final stage. It was found that education and leadership development courses are the most important factor for enhancing managerial competencies for physicians. It should be noted that the researchers found that in Iran research on competence in clinical leadership has also been less relevant than others. Conclusion: It is imperative that managers and planners of medical curricula design courses to develop management skills for physicians. In the post-graduate period, for physicians’ continuing education, courses that address applied management and leadership should be identified and included in the continuing education curricula to address the real needs of the country’s health systems. Leadership development programs can also be useful as projects to be modeled with the help of the world’s top medical universities.
Attitudes of faculty members towards using e-learning
Authors: Akbarilakeh Maryam , Razzaghi Alireza , Delavar Pour Moghaddam Hoseein
Published: July 2019

Background: Faculty member’s attitude is one of the most important factors in the success of electronic learning. Understanding the attitudes of teachers toward e-learning can lead to an appropriate learning environment. This study aimed at examining the attitude of faculty members towards e-Learning at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 334 faculty members from the faculties of university were selected by random stratified sampling method and their attitude was assessed by questionnaires. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Results: The mean age of subjects was 49.09 (SD = 7.41). Of the total study population, 57.75% (190) were males and 42.25% (139) were females. The highest mean score among the dimensions of attitude assessment was related to sense of enjoyment with a mean of 29.26 (SD = 0.71) and the lowest mean related to self-efficacy (mean = 5.96) (SD = 0.82). Conclusion: The results of this study show that the attitude of faculty members is positive towards using appropriate e-learning. However, more studies are needed to assess the obstacles and approaches to improve the attitude of faculty members towards e-learning.
Perspectives of educational sciences experts and nursing professionals on task-based curriculum components
Authors: Ebadi Najibe , Ranjdoust Shahram , Azimi Mohamad
Published: July 2019

Background: Task-based curriculum is a new educational approach which is accepted in many medical universities as a suitable teaching and learning method. It is a comprehensive system across various disciplines that emphasizes one set of tasks. The objective of this study was to consider educational and nursing professionals’ perspectives on task-based curriculum components in the nursing field. Methods: This qualitative study follows a phenomenological approach and was conducted in the summer of 2018 with 12 educational experts and nursing professionals through purposeful sampling up to saturation of the data; confidentiality of information was observed; and participants could leave the study at any time. The method used for data collection was conducted through in-depth and semi-structured interviews. Data was analyzed using the seven-levels Colaizzi method. Results: After analyzing and integrating the main components, six main components were identified and 32 subcomponents were extracted. The main components encompass taskbased curriculum features, effective factors of task-based curriculum in designing task-based curriculum, procedures of task-based curriculum, and gaps in procedure of task-based curriculum, required skills in curriculum, and effective forces on designing of curriculum Conclusion: Results showed that the task-based curriculum approach is an active educational method that requires active student participation. It emphasizes the creation of knowledge by the individual. Individuals learn knowledge and gain skills in clinical settings. With this approach, theory and clinical performance are measured together.
Implementation of problem-oriented learning sessions in para-clinical years of medical college
Authors: Shrivastava Saurabh RamBihariLal , Shrivastava Prateek Saurabh
Published: July 2019

Background: In order to develop competent health care professionals and to help medical students to acquire clinical reasoning, critical thinking and problem-solving skills, it was decided to initiate problem-oriented learning (POL) sessions as a part of implementation of integrated learning in the second year of undergraduate education of medical students in a medical college. Methods: A group of 150 students in the second year of their undergraduate education was divided into 10 sets of 15 members each. For each weekly POL session, one lead department was identified and from that department, one faculty member was assigned for each of the 10 groups for clarity and guidance. Four to five departments in all were involved in these POL sessions based on the topic and were instructed to frame their objectives and share these with the lead department at least one week prior to each session to develop appropriate problems for discussion. Results: Initial results failed to meet the desired objectives. The entire exercise was restructured and attention was given to the areas where weaknesses were identified. Faculty members were provided with additional information about POL and the number of sessions was reduced to two per month. Faculty members were instructed to be discussion facilitators rather than to become involved in didactic teaching. Subsequently, a significant improvement was observed both in terms of outcomes and student participation. Conclusion: It is relatively easy to start a new mode of teaching-learning; however, outcomes improve when efforts are planned systematically and implementation is revisited after challenges and gaps are identified.
Designing a non-clinical model of professionalism in education for faculty members of a medical sciences university in Iran: A grounded theory study
Authors: Sabouri Monireh , Talebi Behnam , Daneshvar Harris Zarrin , Alizadeh Mahasti
Published: July 2019

Background: Today, professionalism is considered a competitive advantage and its observance at a university is the guarantee of the teaching -learning process in education. The purpose of this study was to design an educational model of professionalism for faculty members at the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This grounded theory study was conducted using a qualitative approach in 2018. The participants of this study were 16 faculty members of the Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Sampling was purposeful and continued until data saturation. Data was collected by semistructured interviews. Two methods of reviewing participants and reviewing non-participant experts were used in the data validation. Interview data were analyzed by Strauss and Corbin method. Results: The central core theme of the present study is that ethics in non-clinical education can be categorized in four components: personal characteristics, social interactions, teaching skills, and professional characteristics. Based on casual, contextual and interaction conditions, some strategies were developed and the final model is based on this information. Conclusion: Considering the positive implications of professionalism, increasing productivity in the university, the educational system dynamism, promoting professionalism and developing strategic plans, authorities must focus more on academic and social infrastructure to achieve educational quality and social trust.
Valence-Dependent Coupling of Prefrontal-Amygdala Effective Connectivity during Facial Affect Processing
Authors: Willinger David , Karipidis Iliana I. , Beltrani Selina , Di Pietro Sarah V. , Sladky Ronald , Walitza Susanne , Stämpfli Philipp , Brem Silvia
Published: July 2019

Despite the importance of the prefrontal-amygdala (AMY) network for emotion processing, valence-dependent coupling within this network remains elusive. In this study, we assessed the effect of emotional valence on brain activity and effective connectivity. We tested which functional pathways within the prefrontal-AMY network are specifically engaged during the processing of emotional valence. Thirty-three healthy adults were examined with functional magnetic resonance imaging while performing a dynamic faces and dynamic shapes matching task. The valence of the facial expressions varied systematically between positive, negative, and neutral across the task. Functional contrasts determined core areas of the emotion processing circuitry, comprising the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), the right lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), the AMY, and the right fusiform face area (FFA). Dynamic causal modelling demonstrated that the bidirectional coupling within the prefrontal-AMY circuitry is modulated by emotional valence. Additionally, Bayesian model averaging showed significant bottom-up connectivity from the AMY to the MPFC during negative and neutral, but not positive, valence. Thus, our study provides strong evidence for alterations of bottom-up coupling within the prefrontal-AMY network as a function of emotional valence. Thereby our results not only advance the understanding of the human prefrontal-AMY circuitry in varying valence context, but, moreover, provide a model to examine mechanisms of valence-sensitive emotional dysregulation in neuropsychiatric disorders.
Genome Sequencing of Pleurozium schreberi: The Assembled and Annotated Draft Genome of a Pleurocarpous Feather Moss
Authors: Pederson Eric R A , Warshan Denis , Rasmussen Ulla
Published: July 2019

The pleurocarpous feather moss Pleurozium schreberi is a ubiquitous moss species which plays a fundamental role in many terrestrial ecosystems, for instance within the boreal forest, the Earth’s largest terrestrial biome, this species plays a significant role in driving ecosystem nitrogen and carbon inputs and fluxes. By hosting dinitrogen (N2)-fixing cyanobacteria, the moss-cyanobacteria symbiosis constitutes the main nitrogen input into the ecosystem and by the high productivity and the low decomposability of the moss litter, P. schreberi contributes significantly to build-up soil organic matter, and therefore long-term C sequestration. Knowledge on P. schreberi genome will facilitate the development of ‘omics’ and system’s biology approaches to gain a more complete understanding of the physiology and ecological adaptation of the moss and the mechanisms underpinning the establishment of the symbiosis. Here we present the de novo assembly and annotation of P. schreberi genome that will help investigating these questions. The sequencing was performed using the HiSeq X platform with Illumina paired-end and mate-pair libraries prepared with CTAB extracted DNA. In total, the assembled genome was approximately 318 Mb, while repetitive elements account for 28.42% of the genome and 15,992 protein-coding genes were predicted from the genome, of which 84.23% have been functionally annotated. We anticipate that the genomic data generated will constitute a significant resource to study ecological and evolutionary genomics of P. schreberi, and will be valuable for evo-devo investigations as well as our understanding of the evolution of land plants by providing the genome of a pleurocarpous moss.
Insights into the Role of P-Bodies and Stress Granules in Protein Quality Control
Authors: Nostramo Regina , Xing Siyuan , Zhang Bo , Herman Paul K
Published: July 2019

Nostramo et al. identify a potential role for two novel RNA-protein granules, the P-body and stress granule, in the maintenance of normal protein homeostasis. These cytoplasmic granules are members of an ever-growing family of membraneless organelles in eukaryotic cells...

The eukaryotic cell is highly compartmentalized, and contains a variety of both membrane-bound and membraneless organelles. The latter include the cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein (RNP) granules, known as the processing body (P-body) and the stress granule. These RNP structures are thought to be involved in the storage of particular mRNAs during periods of stress. Here, we find that a mutant lacking both P-bodies and stress granules exhibits phenotypes suggesting that these structures also have a role in the maintenance of protein homeostasis. In particular, there was an increased occurrence of specific protein quality control (PQC) compartments in this mutant, an observation that is consistent with there being an elevated level of protein misfolding. These compartments normally house soluble misfolded proteins and allow the cell to sequester these polypeptides away from the remaining cellular milieu. Moreover, specific proteins that are normally targeted to both P-bodies and stress granules were found to instead associate with these PQC compartments in this granuleless mutant. This observation is interesting as our data indicate that this association occurs specifically in cells that have been subjected to an elevated level of proteotoxic stress. Altogether, the results here are consistent with P-bodies and stress granules having a role in normal protein homeostasis in eukaryotic cells.
The Relationship Between Haplotype-BasedFSTand Haplotype Length
Authors: Mehta Rohan S , Feder Alison F , Boca Simina M , Rosenberg Noah A
Published: July 2019

F ST is a statistic that is frequently used to analyze population structure. Recent work has shown that FST depends strongly on the underlying genetic diversity of a locus from which it is computed...

The population-genetic statistic FST is used widely to describe allele frequency distributions in subdivided populations. The increasing availability of DNA sequence data has recently enabled computations of FST from sequence-based “haplotype loci.” At the same time, theoretical work has revealed that FST has a strong dependence on the underlying genetic diversity of a locus from which it is computed, with high diversity constraining values of FST to be low. In the case of haplotype loci, for which two haplotypes that are distinct over a specified length along a chromosome are treated as distinct alleles, genetic diversity is influenced by haplotype length: longer haplotype loci have the potential for greater genetic diversity. Here, we study the dependence of FST on haplotype length. Using a model in which a haplotype locus is sequentially incremented by one biallelic locus at a time, we show that increasing the length of the haplotype locus can either increase or decrease the value of FST, and usually decreases it. We compute FST on haplotype loci in human populations, finding a close correspondence between the observed values and our theoretical predictions. We conclude that effects of haplotype length are valuable to consider when interpreting FST calculated on haplotypic data.
Cấu trúc địa chất tầng nông vùng đảo đá tây (Trường Sa) theo tài liệu địa chấn nông phân dải cao
Authors: Lương Nguyễn Văn , Cương Tống Duy
Published: July 2019

Geological structure of shallow strata in the Da Tay island region Truong Sa archipelago according to high resolution seismic profiling data
Biến động đường bờ khu vực ven biển Hải Phòng
Authors: Tân Mai Thành , Dỹ Nguyễn Địch
Published: July 2019

Coastline changes in the coastal area of Hai Phong
Đặc điểm cấu trúc trầm tích bờ sông tiền (khu vực Sa Đéc) theo tài liệu địa vật lý - địa chất
Authors: Thanh Lê Ngọc , Giảng Nguyễn Văn , Nhân Nguyễn Siêu
Published: July 2019

Characteristics of sedimentary structure of Tien river banks (Sadec) by geophysical and geological data