bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Production of High-Value Nanoparticles via Biogenic Processes Using Aquacultural and Horticultural Food Waste
Authors: Ghosh Purabi , Fawcett Derek , Sharma Shashi , Poinern Gerrard
Published: July 2017

The quantities of organic waste produced globally by aquacultural and horticulture are extremely large and offer an attractive renewable source of biomolecules and bioactive compounds. The availability of such large and diverse sources of waste materials creates a unique opportunity to develop new recycling and food waste utilisation strategies. The aim of this review is to report the current status of research in the emerging field of producing high-value nanoparticles from food waste. Eco-friendly biogenic processes are quite rapid, and are usually carried out at normal room temperature and pressure. These alternative clean technologies do not rely on the use of the toxic chemicals and solvents commonly associated with traditional nanoparticle manufacturing processes. The relatively small number of research articles in the field have been surveyed and evaluated. Among the diversity of waste types, promising candidates and their ability to produce various high-value nanoparticles are discussed. Experimental parameters, nanoparticle characteristics and potential applications for nanoparticles in pharmaceuticals and biomedical applications are discussed. In spite of the advantages, there are a number of challenges, including nanoparticle reproducibility and understanding the formation mechanisms between different food waste products. Thus, there is considerable scope and opportunity for further research in this emerging field.
A Droplet Microfluidics Based Platform for Mining Metagenomic Libraries for Natural Compounds
Authors: Theodorou Elias , Scanga Randall , Twardowski Mariusz , Snyder Michael , Brouzes Eric
Published: July 2017

Historically, microbes from the environment have been a reliable source for novel bio-active compounds. Cloning and expression of metagenomic DNA in heterologous strains of bacteria has broadened the range of potential compounds accessible. However, such metagenomic libraries have been under-exploited for applications in mammalian cells because of a lack of integrated methods. We present an innovative platform to systematically mine natural resources for pro-apoptotic compounds that relies on the combination of bacterial delivery and droplet microfluidics. Using the violacein operon from C. violaceum as a model, we demonstrate that E. coli modified to be invasive can serve as an efficient delivery vehicle of natural compounds. This approach permits the seamless screening of metagenomic libraries with mammalian cell assays and alleviates the need for laborious extraction of natural compounds. In addition, we leverage the unique properties of droplet microfluidics to amplify bacterial clones and perform clonal screening at high-throughput in place of one-compound-per-well assays in multi-well format. We also use droplet microfluidics to establish a cell aggregate strategy that overcomes the issue of background apoptosis. Altogether, this work forms the foundation of a versatile platform to efficiently mine the metagenome for compounds with therapeutic potential.
Hydrogen from Radiolysis of Aqueous Fluid Inclusions during Diagenesis
Authors: Parnell John , Blamey Nigel
Published: July 2017

A suite of Permian sylvite samples from Boulby potash mine, Yorkshire, UK, consistently yield traces of hydrogen upon analysis by a cold crush technique for liberating volatiles from entrapped fluid inclusions. In contrast, accompanying halite samples do not yield hydrogen. These data suggest the formation of hydrogen by radiolysis of water due to irradiation from potassium in the sylvite. The data indicate radiolysis as a mechanism for subsurface hydrogen generation, where it is available as an electron donor for a deep biosphere.
Knowledge, Attitude and Advice-Giving Behaviour of Community Pharmacists Regarding Topical Corticosteroids
Authors: Lau Wing , Donyai Parastou
Published: July 2017

This study examines the relationship between community pharmacists’ knowledge, attitudes to information provision and self-reported counselling behaviours in relation to topical corticosteroids and adjunct therapy in atopic eczema. A mixed-methods approach was used whereby data from interviews with community pharmacists were used to design a structured questionnaire that a larger sample of community pharmacists completed anonymously. The questionnaire was completed and returned by 105 pharmacists (36% response rate). Pharmacists showed gaps in their knowledge on the use of topical corticosteroids in atopic eczema but had good understanding on the use of emollients. There was a significant correlation between pharmacists’ attitudes to information provision and their self-reported counselling behaviour for most themes except in relation to corticosteroid safety where less advice was given. Improving attitudes to information provision should correlate with increased counselling behaviour. However, for the theme of corticosteroid safety, further studies are needed to examine why in practice pharmacists are not providing patient counselling on this topic even though most agreed this is a topic patients should know about.
In-Network Computation of the Optimal Weighting Matrix for Distributed Consensus on Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Insausti Xabier , Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez Jesús , Zárraga-Rodríguez Marta , Crespo Pedro
Published: July 2017

In a network, a distributed consensus algorithm is fully characterized by its weighting matrix. Although there exist numerical methods for obtaining the optimal weighting matrix, we have not found an in-network implementation of any of these methods that works for all network topologies. In this paper, we propose an in-network algorithm for finding such an optimal weighting matrix.
Complexation-Based Detection of Nickel(II) at a Graphene-Chelate Probe in the Presence of Cobalt and Zinc by Adsorptive Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Pokpas Keagan , Jahed Nazeem , Baker Priscilla G. , Iwuoha Emmanuel I.
Published: July 2017

The adsorptive stripping voltammetric detection of nickel and cobalt in water samples at metal film electrodes has been extensively studied. In this work, a novel, environmentally friendly, metal-free electrochemical probe was constructed for the ultra-trace determination of Ni2+ in water samples by Adsorptive Cathodic Stripping Voltammetry (AdCSV). The electrochemical platform is based on the adsorptive accumulation of Ni2+ ions directly onto a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) modified with dimethylglyoxime (DMG) as chelating agent and a Nafion-graphene (NGr) nanocomposite to enhance electrode sensitivity. The nafion-graphene dimethylglyoxime modified glassy carbon electrode (NGr-DMG-GCE) shows superior detection capabilities as a result of the improved surface-area-to-volume ratio and enhanced electron transfer kinetics following the incorporation of single layer graphene, while limiting the toxic effects of the sensor by removal of the more common mercury, bismuth and lead films. Furthermore, for the first time the NGr-DMG-GCE, in the presence of common interfering metal ions of Co2+ and Zn2+ demonstrates good selectivity and preferential binding towards the detection of Ni2+ in water samples. Structural and morphological characterisation of the synthesised single layer graphene sheets was conducted by Raman spectrometry, HRTEM and HRSEM analysis. The instrumental parameters associated with the electrochemical response, including accumulation potential and accumulation time were investigated and optimised in addition to the influence of DMG and graphene concentrations. The NGr-DMG-GCE demonstrated well resolved, reproducible peaks, with RSD (%) below 5% and a detection limit of 1.5 µg L−1 for Ni2+ reduction at an accumulation time of 120 s., the prepared electrochemical sensor exhibited good detection and quantitation towards Ni2+ detection in tap water samples, well below 0.1 mg L−1 set by the WHO and EPA standards. This comparable to the South African drinking water guidelines of 0.15 mg L−1.
Measuring the Coordinated Development of Ecological and Economic Systems in Hengduan Mountain Area
Authors: Chen Tiantian , Peng Li , Wang Qiang , Liu Shaoquan
Published: July 2017

With the expansion of the concept of sustainable development, it has become increasingly important to investigate the means for achieving sustainable eco-economic development. On the basis of Landsat imagery of Hengduan Mountain area of China acquired in 1990, 2000, and 2010, we analyzed the coordination relationships, evolution characteristics, and aggregation modes of the economy and ecology in this region using ecosystem service value (ESV) and ecological economic harmony (eco-economic harmony, EEH) models. The following results were obtained. (1) There was a significant transition in land cover, wherein grassland increased the most and farmland decreased the most, by 1.18 × 104 km2 and 9.41 × 103 km2, respectively. These trends were related to urban expansion and the implementation of ecological measures; (2) From 1990 to 2000, there was a deterioration in the ecological system, whereas after 2000, the ecosystem improved due to implementation of the Chinese government’s “Returning Farmland to Forest (Grassland)” scheme, thereby illustrating the importance of forest to ecosystem stability; (3) Spatially, the EEH index showed a dual-core structure centered on a low conflict zone and potential crisis zone, which signified that there was a trend of coordinated development between the economy and ecology; however, this was not stable; (4) There were four types of EEH evolution zones—low conflict, potential crisis, slight improvement, and significant improvement zones—of which the improvement zones accounted for 55.15% of the area, thereby indicating that over time the economy has played a positive role in shaping the ecological environment; (5) The spatial aggregation modes of EEH evolution were band coordinated mode, group uncoordinated mode and group improvement mode, which meant the relationship of ecology and economy was always in lowest coordinated state in a banded form, in uncoordinated state and a significant increase in a block form, respectively. These modes were intended to provide a reference for the sustainable development in southwest China.
Conservation Policy-Community Conflicts: A Case Study from Bogda Nature Reserve, China
Authors: Liu Qun , Yang Zhaoping , Wang Fang
Published: July 2017

Bogda Nature Reserve is a World Heritage Site (WHS) in Xinjiang, China. Potential conflicts between community development and heritage conservation are important topics to study and may have an impact on the sustainable development of heritage sites. In this study, we conducted a survey with the community residents of the Bogda Nature Reserve to examine major potential conflicts arising from local residents’ perceptions regarding conservation policy and its interventions. The results indicated that the local community supports heritage conservation and development, but they expressed negative attitudes towards their present living conditions, especially due to policy-induced loss of benefits. Through the research, three major conflicts were identified: (1) a divergence in residents’ awareness of the WHS designation and the conservation policy (grazing restriction policy); (2) negative changes in living conditions compared to before the WHS designation; (3) the degradation of well-being caused by tourism. In addition, expectations from residents were combined to assess the implications for the present situation and advise on conservation plans to facilitate sustainable management in Bogda.
Mapping and Quantifying Spatial and Temporal Dynamics and Bundles of Travel Flows of Residents Visiting Urban Parks
Authors: Liu Wenping , Dong Chenlu , Chen Weijuan
Published: July 2017

Understanding the spatial and temporal movement patterns of residents visiting urban parks is essential to link park use with human well-being. There has been increasing interest recently in quantifying travel behaviors, but most studies have focused on flows of commuters within cities or tourists flows between cities. Actual, specific spatial and temporal connections between urban parks and residents within cities are still poorly understood. Here, we present an approach to take different types of travel flows into account when mapping and quantifying the spatial delivery and temporal dynamics of specific travel flows. This approach is based on empirical investigation of individuals’ movements from their homes to parks and online map navigation technology. The flow maps we generated capture key travel flow patterns, addressing where, which, when, and how much they were associated with the use of recreational service provided by urban parks in Wuhan, China, during the summers of 2015 and 2016. Such maps may aid efforts to restore or improve the efficiency of park access and use. We also examined bundles of these spatial and temporal flows, and show that similar transport conditions were important for bundling spatial flows, while temporal flow bundles were significantly related to spatial features. These findings could help to reveal potential trade-offs and synergies of travel flows associated with space and time constraints and facilitate exploration of policy alternatives for equitable and efficient use of urban park systems.
An Adaptive Initial Alignment Algorithm Based on Variance Component Estimation for a Strapdown Inertial Navigation System for AUV
Authors: Dong Qianhui , Li Yibing , Sun Qian , Zhang Ya
Published: July 2017

As a typical navigation system, the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is crucial for autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) since the SINS accuracy determines the performance of AUVs. Initial alignment is one of the key technologies in SINS, and initial alignment time and initial alignment accuracy affect the performance of SINS directly. As actual systems are nonlinear, the nonlinear filter is widely used to improve the accuracy of the initial alignment. Due to its higher precision and lower computational load, the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) has done well in state estimation. However, the noise characteristics need to be known exactly as prior knowledge, which is difficult or even impossible to achieve. Thus, the adaptive filter should be introduced in the initial alignment algorithm to suppress the uncertainty effect caused by the unknown system noise. Therefore, taking the nonlinearity and uncertainty into account, a novel initial alignment algorithm for AUVs is proposed in this manuscript, based on CKF and the adaptive variance components estimation (VCE) filter (VCKF). Additionally, the simulation and experiment results show that not only the accuracy, but also the convergence speed can be improved with this proposed method. The validity and superiority of this novel adaptive initial alignment algorithm based on VCKF are verified.
Pugnas entre monarquía y aristocracia por el control de los almojarifazgos costeros y otros derechos aduaneros de la Andalucía atlántica en el reinado de los Reyes Católicos
Authors: González Arce José Damián
Published: July 2017

Entre la conquista a los musulmanes, a mediados del siglo XIII, y la primera mitad del siglo XV, la práctica totalidad de la costa atlántica andaluza fue entregada por la monarquía castellana a poderosos señores. En su mayor parte, se trató de grandes aristócratas que pretendieron recaudar en sus señoríos, además de otras rentas, el impuesto sobre el comercio exterior por vía marítima conocido como almojarifazgo. Éste, en teoría, pertenecía a la Corona y su cobro se hallaba centralizado en la cercana ciudad de Sevilla y en su aduana. Tras varias centurias de debilidad monárquica, a finales del siglo XV los Reyes Católicos consiguieron, a través de numerosos y largos procesos judiciales, recuperar para la Hacienda real estos gravámenes y retornar el control fiscal a la Corona de forma casi completa.
Adsorption Isotherm and SEM Investigating of Cucurbit[n]Urils Based Corrosion Inhibitors with Gossypol for Mild Steel in Alkaline Media Containing Chloride Ions
Authors: Berdimurodov Elyor , Kholikov Abduvali , Akbarov Khamdam , Nakhatov Innat , Jurakulova Nigora Kh. , Umirov Nurbek
Published: July 2017

This article showed that new mixed inhibitor type of cucurbit [n] urils based corrosion inhibitors with gossypol at the proportion of 50:50 is excellent efficiency for mild steel in in alkaline media containing chloride ions. The Polarization Resistance results suggest that this inhibitor decreased the rate of anodic mild steel dissolution and cathodic hydrogen evolution. Increased activation energy suggested that inhibitors adsorb physically during the first step of the adsorption process.
Optical Properties of Chemical Vapour Etching Based Porous Silicon for Multicrystalline Solar Cells
Authors: Mahmoudi Bedra , Mouhoub Ahmed , Mahmoudi Brahim , Menari Hamid , Mougas Abdennour
Published: July 2017

In this paper, we report a study on the possibility of fabricating porous silicon by exposing a multicrystalline silicon surface to gaseous etchants. The structural and optical properties of porous silicon (PS) layers prepared by vapour –etching (VE) are investigated. FTIR analysis confirms the existence of hydrogen incorporation bonding to the silicon atoms. Photoluminescence measurements reveal an efficient emission around 640 nm. The optical behaviour in the 350-1000 nm wavelength range was determined before and after PS formation, resulting in a notable reduction of reflectance and an enlargement of low reflectance region into short wavelengths and near IR region after PS formation. A significant increase of the quantum efficiency particularly in the short wavelength region is observed. The results make the use of such thin film very promising for multicrystalline silicon solar cell application.
Pre-Rotation Wind Turbine Design and Optimization for Aircraft Landing Gear
Authors: Alroqi Abdurrhman A. , Wang Wei Ji
Published: July 2017

Many patents have suggested that spinning aircraft wheels before landing could eliminate tyre smoke at touchdown. Most patents suggest using available wind power to rotate the wheel with wind turbines. In this paper, ANSYS CFX has been employed to simulate different wind turbines spinning a heavy aircraft wheel at approach. The aim of this research is to check the possibility of using wind power for this purpose and to optimize the wind turbine in a size acceptable in the field of aviation, in order to reach the target rotational speed.
Thermal Changes of Bone Induced during Drilling for Dental Implants Placement: An In Vitro Study
Authors: Iliescu Alexandru Andrei , Petcu Cristian Marian , Mercuţ Răzvan , Iliescu Mihaela Georgiana , Petcu Ileana Cristiana , Gheorghiu Irina Maria , Ţârcă Tiberiu , Perlea Paula
Published: July 2017

Bone Heating during Osteotomy for Dental Implant Placement is a High Risk Factor of Osteonecrosis. the Aim of this Study was to Investigate in Vitro the Temperature Changes Induced in Bone by Different Burs with External Cooling during the Surgical Step of Osteotomy. it was Used the Digital Infrared Camera FLIR SC640 (Flir Systems) that Allowed a Real-Time Infrared Thermographic Analysis of Thermal Images, Recorded 0.50 m Away from Osteotomy Site. there were Prepared 10 Osteotomy Sites with each MIS System Burs of Progressive Diameter (2 Mm ø, 2.8 Mm ø, and 3.2 Mm ø), at 2000 Rpm, on 30 Samples of Bovine Femoral Bone. the Thermographic Analysis Showed that the Mean Temperature Generated in Bone by Performing the Osteotomy was 46,5oC ± 0,48 for 2 Mm ø Bur, 59,5oC ± 1,62 for 2.8 Mm ø Bur, and 51,4oC ± 0,51 for 3.2 Mm ø Bur. Surprisingly the Maximal Temperatures were Recorded with Intermediatte 2.82 Mm ø Bur. the Infrared Thermography Proved to Be a High Accurate, Fast, and Efficient Non-Invasive Method of Bone Temperature Measurement Generated during Drilling for Placement of Dental Implants. while Drilling the Bone in a Progressive Sequence of Bur Diameters, the Temperature Raise is Non-Uniform because the Quantity of Removed Bone is Changing from One Bur to the other, and the Mechanical Friction of Following Burs in the Series is Reduced as Compared to the Pilot Bur.
3D Finite Elements Modeling of the Interfacial Stresses Bone/Dental Implant - Effects of the Geometric Parameters
Authors: Ghoggali Saida , Outtas Toufik , Latrèche Saber
Published: July 2017

A successful osseointegration involves the simultaneous optimization of the primary stability of the implant and the minimization of interfacial stresses bone - implant. In this context, the modeling of these stresses reports a great interest for researchers in last decades.The aim of this work is to study the effects of geometric parameters of a new model of titanium dental implant on the evolution of interfacial stresses bone /implant. For this, a dental implant of the second premolar in the lower jaw was considered, with different diameters, thread pitches and different thread forms. The profile of the interfacial stresses was presented for each case study, the results show a great similarity in the areas concerned, cortical bone, threaded region and cancellous bone, with the results obtained in the literature for other types of geometries.
Physical Characterization of Liposomes Formulation Lyophilized in the Presence of Disaccharide and HPMC as Dispersed Matrix
Authors: Mulyadi Nur Aini , Rosita Noorma , Yusuf Helmy
Published: July 2017

The present study focuses on characterization the physical properties of liposome formulation which was dispersed in HPMC matrix and lyophilized in the presence of disaccharides. The lyophilized formulations featured cationic dimethyldioctadecylammonium (DDA) to produce dry solid and overcome limitations in terms of detrimental phase separation in phospholipid membranes during production process. Disaccharides, such as sucrose and lactose, have been reported to protect phospholipid membranes during drying, while HPMC was used as dispersed matrix to inhibit recrystallization of disaccharide. Their physical properties were characterized including their morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), crystallinity using x-ray diffractometry (XRD), and solid phase separation using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). On the basis of these evaluations it was found that the presence of sucrose and HPMC in the formulation showed a miscible mixture and relatively less crystalline-forming properties compared to those using lactose, thus potentially construct a stable dried liposomal formulation. The present study reveals prospective advantages of using combination of sucrose and HPMC in development of dried–DDA liposomal formulation.
Immunological Status of Children Infected with Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Romanenko Y.G.
Published: July 2017

Chronic gastritis and duodenitis at the children, associated with Helicobacter pylori infection, carried out by violations in a cellular link of immunity: lymphocytosis, imbalance of subpopulations T-cells with reduction of absolute CD3+, CD4+ - lymphocytes, increasing of absolute measures CD8+ - and CD16+ - lymphocytes. Increasing content of B - lymphocytes, maintenance of IgG and IgM in the peripheral venues blood demonstrates activation of a humoral link on the background of oppression of T - cellular immunity. In the peripheral blood had been shown increase of phagocyte activity of neutrophils, amount of highly active cells, level of the circulating immune complexes.
Variable Rank Differential Smoothing Technique for Electron Lifetime Calculation in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Peng Wei , Yang Shu Zhen , Hu Wei
Published: July 2017

The free electron lifetime is a key factor in determining the performance of a dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). Open-circuit voltage-decay (OCVD) suggested by Zaban is a useful technique to provide continuous reading of the electron lifetime as a function of device’s open-circuit voltage (Voc), but the data processing has never been studied in order to get high accuracy electron lifetime value from the high resolution decaying voltage data. In this manuscript, we introduce the variable rank differential smoothing (VRDS) technique in the electron lifetime data processing. We find it can lessen data loss and give highly accurate electron lifetime value in the range of Voc decaying. We also get the effective recombination order values based on the VRDS technique, which indicate different potential processes due the two different values. These results show the detail kinetics information and microscopic device physic characteristics, which are very important to understand the device working mechanism and meaningful for realizing higher performance solar cells.
Effects of a Partial Substitution of Fe by Al on Nanostructure and Magnetic Properties of (Nd,Pr)-(Fe,Co)-B Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying
Authors: Sabbaghizadeh Rahim , Shamsudin Roslinda , Kanagesan Samikanu , Bahmanrokh Ghazaleh
Published: July 2017

In this study, Nanocrystalline Nd8Pr2Fe79-xCo5B6Alx (x= 0, 1, 2, 3) magnets were prepared by mechanical alloying method and respective heat treatment in a constant time and temperature. Afterward, the effects of the Al addition on the microstructure and magnetic properties of Nd-Fe-Co-B alloy were studied. The changes in the nanostructure and magnetic properties were examined by X-Ray diffraction (XRD), combined with Field Emission Scanning electron microscopy (FeSEM) and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM). Addition of Al was found to be effective for improving the coercivity parameter and the hysteresis squareness in Nd–Fe–Co–B magnets without decreasing much the remanent magnetization.
Impaired Transmigration of Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells across Human Sinusoidal Endothelium Is Associated with Decreased Expression of CD13
Authors: Resheq Yazid J. , Menzner Ann-Katrin , Bosch Jacobus , Tickle Joseph , Li Ka-Kit , Wilhelm Annika , Hepburn Elizabeth , Murihead Gillian , Ward Stephen T. , Curbishley Stuart M. , Zimmermann Henning W. , Bruns Tony , Gilbert Daniel F. , Tripal Philipp , Mackensen Andreas , Adams David H. , Weston Chris J.
Published: July 2017

Human monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MO-MDSCs) within the hepatic compartment suppress inflammation and impair immune surveillance in liver cancer. It is currently not known whether recruitment of MO-MDSCs from blood via hepatic sinusoidal endothelium (HSEC) contributes to their enrichment within the hepatic compartment. We compared the transmigratory potential of MO-MDSCs and monocytes after adhesion to hepatic endothelial monolayers in flow-based assays that mimic in vivo shear stress in the sinusoids. Despite comparable binding to HSEC monolayers, proportionally fewer MO-MDSCs underwent transendothelial migration, indicating that the final steps of extravasation, where actin polymerization plays an important role, are impaired in MO-MDSCs. In this article, we found reduced levels of CD13 on MO-MDSCs, which has recently been reported to control cell motility in monocytes, alongside reduced VLA-4 expression, an integrin predominantly involved in adherence to the apical side of the endothelium. CD13 and VLA-4 blocking and activating Abs were used in flow-based adhesion assays, live-cell imaging of motility, and actin polymerization studies to confirm a role for CD13 in impaired MO-MDSC transmigration. These findings indicate that CD13 significantly contributes to tissue infiltration by MO-MDSCs and monocytes, thereby contributing to the pathogenesis of hepatic inflammation.
PALLD Regulates Phagocytosis by Enabling Timely Actin Polymerization and Depolymerization
Authors: Sun Hai-Min , Chen Xin-Lei , Chen Xin-Jie , Liu Jin , Ma Lie , Wu Hai-Yan , Huang Qiu-Hua , Xi Xiao-Dong , Yin Tong , Zhu Jiang , Chen Zhu , Chen Sai-Juan
Published: July 2017

PALLD is an actin cross-linker supporting cellular mechanical tension. However, its involvement in the regulation of phagocytosis, a cellular activity essential for innate immunity and physiological tissue turnover, is unclear. We report that PALLD is highly induced along with all-trans-retinoic acid–induced maturation of myeloid leukemia cells, to promote Ig- or complement-opsonized phagocytosis. PALLD mechanistically facilitates phagocytic receptor clustering by regulating actin polymerization and c-Src dynamic activation during particle binding and early phagosome formation. PALLD is also required at the nascent phagosome to recruit phosphatase oculocerebrorenal syndrome of Lowe, which regulates phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate hydrolysis and actin depolymerization to complete phagosome closure. Collectively, our results show a new function for PALLD as a crucial regulator of the early phase of phagocytosis by elaborating dynamic actin polymerization and depolymerization.
Neoantigen Expression in Steady-State Langerhans Cells Induces CTL Tolerance
Authors: Strandt Helen , Pinheiro Douglas Florindo , Kaplan Daniel H. , Wirth Dagmar , Gratz Iris Karina , Hammerl Peter , Thalhamer Josef , Stoecklinger Angelika
Published: July 2017

The skin hosts a variety of dendritic cells (DCs), which act as professional APC to control cutaneous immunity. Langerhans cells (LCs) are the only DC subset in the healthy epidermis. However, due to the complexity of the skin DC network, their relative contribution to either immune activation or immune tolerance is still not entirely understood. To specifically study the function of LCs in vivo, without altering the DC subset composition in the skin, we have generated transgenic mouse models for tamoxifen-inducible de novo expression of Ags in LCs but no other langerin+ DCs. Therefore, this system allows for LC-restricted Ag presentation to T cells. Presentation of nonsecreted OVA (GFPOVA) by steady-state LCs resulted in transient activation of endogenous CTL in transgenic mice. However, when these mice were challenged with OVA by gene gun immunization in the contraction phase of the primary CTL response they did not respond with a recall of CTL memory but, instead, with robust Ag-specific CTL tolerance. We found regulatory T cells (Tregs) enriched in the skin of tolerized mice, and depletion of Tregs or adoptive experiments revealed that Tregs were critically involved in CTL tolerance. By contrast, when OVA was presented by activated LCs, a recallable CTL memory response developed in transgenic mice. Thus, neoantigen presentation by epidermal LCs results in either robust CTL tolerance or CTL memory, and this decision-making depends on the activation state of the presenting LCs.
Cutting Edge: TRAF6 Mediates TLR/IL-1R Signaling–Induced Nontranscriptional Priming of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
Authors: Xing Yue , Yao Xiaomin , Li Hua , Xue Guang , Guo Qiuhong , Yang Guiwen , An Liguo , Zhang Yan , Meng Guangxun
Published: July 2017

NLRP3 inflammasome activiation requires two sequential signals. The priming signal 1 from TLRs or cytokine receptors induces the transcription of NLRP3 and IL-1β, and concomitantly promotes transcription-independent activation of caspase-1. The activating signal 2 can be provided by microbial products or danger signals. In this study we found that TRAF6 is necessary for the nontranscriptional priming of NLRP3 inflammasome by TLR/IL-1R derived signals. Deficiency of TRAF6 specifically inhibited TLR/IL-1R priming–initiated caspase-1 cleavage, pyroptosis, and secretion of presynthesized IL-18. Mechanistically, TRAF6 promoted NLRP3 oligomerization as well as the interaction between NLRP3 and apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD. Of note, the nontranscriptional priming via TRAF6 did not involve mitochondrial reactive oxygen species or the phosphorylation of Jnk, Erk, and Syk, whereas the ubiquitin E3 ligase activity of TRAF6 was required. Our findings thus extended cognition on the mechanism of NLRP3 inflammasome activation, and provided a novel target for controlling NLRP3-related diseases.
Trypanosoma musculi Infection in Mice Critically Relies on Mannose Receptor–Mediated Arginase Induction by a TbKHC1 Kinesin H Chain Homolog
Authors: Nzoumbou-Boko Romaric , De Muylder Géraldine , Semballa Silla , Lecordier Laurence , Dauchy Fréderic-Antoine , Gobert Alain P. , Holzmuller Philippe , Lemesre Jean-Loup , Bras-Gonçalves Rachel , Barnabé Christian , Courtois Pierrette , Daulouède Sylvie , Beschin Alain , Pays Etienne , Vincendeau Philippe
Published: July 2017

Arginase activity induction in macrophages is an escape mechanism developed by parasites to cope with the host’s immune defense and benefit from increased host-derived growth factor production. We report that arginase expression and activity were induced in macrophages during mouse infection by Trypanosoma musculi, a natural parasite of this host. This induction was reproduced in vitro by excreted/secreted factors of the parasite. A mAb directed to TbKHC1, an orphan kinesin H chain from Trypanosoma brucei, inhibited T. musculi excreted/secreted factor–mediated arginase induction. Anti-TbKHC1 Ab also inhibited T. musculi growth, both in vitro and in vivo. Induction of arginase activity and parasite growth involved C-type lectin receptors, because mannose injection decreased arginase activity induction and parasite load in vitro and in vivo. Accordingly, the parasite load was reduced in mice lacking mannose receptor C-type 1. The T. musculi KHC1 homolog showed high similarity with TbKHC1. Bioinformatics analysis revealed the presence of homologs of this gene in other trypanosomes, including pathogens for humans and animals. Host metabolism dysregulation represents an effective parasite mechanism to hamper the host immune response and modify host molecule production to favor parasite invasion and growth. Thus, this orphan kinesin plays an important role in promoting trypanosome infection, and its neutralization or the lock of its partner host molecules offers promising approaches to increasing resistance to infection and new developments in vaccination against trypanosomiasis.
Multifraction reduction II: Conjectures for Artin–Tits groups
Authors: Dehornoy Patrick
Published: July 2017

Multifraction reduction is a new approach to the word problem for Artin–Tits groups and, more generally, for the enveloping group of a monoid in which any two elements admit a greatest common divisor. This approach is based on a rewrite system (“reduction”) that extends free group reduction. In this paper, we show that assuming that reduction satisfies a weak form of convergence called semi-convergence is sufficient for solving the word problem for the enveloping group, and we connect semi-convergence with other conditions involving reduction. We conjecture that these properties are valid for all Artin–Tits monoids, and provide partial results and numerical evidence supporting such conjectures.
Metodologías de evaluación de la transparencia: procedimientos y problemas
Authors: Molina Rodríguez-Navas Pedro , Simelio Solà Núria , Corcoy Rius Marta
Published: July 2017

La aprobación de la Ley de Transparencia en España en 2013, junto a la preocupación por la corrupción, el buen gobierno y la rendición de cuentas, ha provocado un importante aumento de los estudios sobre transparencia de las administraciones en los últimos años. Metodología: El objetivo de este artículo es exponer las diferentes complejidades metodológicas para analizar la transparencia de los contenidos publicados por las administraciones públicas en aspectos como la propia definición de transparencia, el objeto de estudio, los usuarios o los destinatarios. Resultados: Se presenta un modelo de análisis de la transparencia de las webs de los ayuntamientos: el proyecto Infoparticipa. La metodología que presentamos está basada en herramientas innovadoras que han establecido un mapa de la transparencia local en España. Discusión y conclusiones: El Mapa Infoparticipa ha transcendido el ámbito académico mostrando su utilidad social al impulsar la mejora de la información publicada en las webs.
El uso de Facebook como herramienta narrativa para articular el nuevo diálogo político. Estudio de caso de la II Asamblea Ciudadana de Podemos, “Vistalegre II”
Authors: Rodríguez Fidalgo Mª Isabel , Ruiz Paz Yanira , Paíno Ambrosio Adriana , Jiménez Iglesias Lucía
Published: July 2017

Las redes sociales se están utilizando como herramientas para trasladar el debate político con la finalidad de potenciar la interacción-participación entre el binomio ‘actores políticos-sociedad’. El presente paper centra su objetivo en el análisis de la construcción de dichas narrativas políticas generadas en la red social Facebook desde la perspectiva del concepto de “compromiso 2.0”. Metodología: Bajo una perspectiva metodológica cuantitativa y cualitativa, se exploran los nuevos relatos de participación política partiendo de los discursos en Facebook de Pablo Iglesias e Íñigo Errejón durante la II Asamblea Ciudadana de Podemos, “Vistalegre 2”, y de las reacciones ciudadanas manifestadas a través de sus comentarios. Resultados y conclusiones: De este estudio se desprende la idea del surgimiento de una narrativa política donde el ciudadano, además de cambiar su rol tradicional de emisor, potencia nuevos flujos de información bajo la fórmula receptor-emisor respectivamente convirtiéndose en el verdadero protagonista ante estas nuevas narrativas digitales políticas.
Топология, сингулярности и интегрируемость в гамильтоновых системах с двумя степенями свободы
Authors: Bolotin Sergey Vladimirovich , Kozlov Valery Vasil'evich
Published: July 2017

Рассматривается задача о полиномиальных по импульсу первых интегралах гамильтоновых систем с двумя степенями свободы при фиксированном значении полной энергии (условные по Биркгофу интегралы). Предполагается, что потенциал имеет несколько сингулярных точек. Показано, что при наличии условных полиномиальных интегралов сумма степеней сингулярностей не превосходит удвоенную эйлерову характеристику конфигурационного пространства. Доказательство основано на введении комплексной структуры на конфигурационном пространстве и оценке степени дивизора, отвечающего старшей по импульсу степени в интеграле. При некоторых условиях доказана также положительность топологической энтропии.
Библиография: 29 наименований.
Efficacy of Artesunate/Amodiaquine in the Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria among Children in Ghana
Authors: Abuaku Benjamin K. , Mensah Benedicta A. , Ofori Michael F. , Myers-Hansen James , Derkyi-Kwarteng Abigail N. , Essilfie Felicia , Dokurugu Moses , Amoakoh Emmanuel , Koram Kwadwo A. , Ghansah Anita
Published: July 2017

The declining efficacy of chloroquine in the early 2000s in Ghana led to its replacement with artesunate/amodiaquine (AS/AQ) combination as first-line drug for treating uncomplicated malaria in 2005. Since then efficacy studies have been ongoing in the country to provide continuous data on the efficacy of AS/AQ and other alternative antimalarials (artemether/lumefantrine and dihyroartemisinin/piperaquine combinations) introduced in 2008. In vivo AS/AQ efficacy studies were conducted between June and October 2014 among children aged 6 months to 14 years, in two sentinel sites representing the forest and coastal zones of the country. The 2009 World Health Organization protocol for monitoring antimalarial drug efficacy was used in these studies. The studies showed an overall cumulative polymerase chain reaction-corrected day 28 cure rate of 97.2% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 93.6–99.1): 97.7% (95% CI: 92.0–99.7) within the forest zone and 96.7% (95% CI: 90.7–99.3) within the coastal zone (P = 0.686). Prevalence of fever declined from 100% to < 4% after first day of treatment in both ecological zones. All children in the coastal zone had cleared parasites by day 2. Three children (3.2%) in the forest zone were parasitemic on day 2, whereas one child was parasitemic on day 3. Gametocytemia was absent in both zones after day 14, and mean hemoglobin concentration significantly increased from 10.3 g/dL (95% CI: 10.1–10.5) on day 0 to 11.8 g/dL (95% CI: 11.6–12.0) on day 28. We conclude that AS/AQ combination remains efficacious in the treatment of uncomplicated malaria in Ghana.
Paracoccidioidomycosis: Epidemiological and Clinical Aspects in 546 Cases Studied in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil
Authors: Peçanha Paulo Mendes , Batista Ferreira Mayara Elisa , Massaroni Peçanha Maria Angélica , Schmidt Edilaine Brandão , Lamas de Araújo Mariceli , Zanotti Raphael Lubiana , Potratz Felipe Fonseca , Delboni Nunes Nilo Eduardo , Gonçalves Ferreira Carlos Urbano , Delmaestro Délio , Falqueto Aloísio
Published: July 2017

Paracoccidioidomycosis (PCM) is an endemic disease in the southeast region of Brazil, which includes the state of Espírito Santo (ES). This historic case series analyses 546 patients treated in this state from 1978 to 2012. Patients aged from 7 to 83 years, 509 males and 37 females, yielding a ratio of 13.7:1. Most of the patients (81.4%) originated from rural areas in ES, 71.0% being farmers. A higher concentration of cases was observed in municipalities located along the western range of the state. Sixty patients (11.0%) had an acute/subacute form of the disease, 485 (88.9%) had a chronic form, and one had a subclinical form. The most affected organs included the lungs, oropharyngeal mucosa, lymph nodes, skin, and larynx. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in 252 (46.2%) cases, direct examination in 168 (30.7%), both exams in 111 (20.3%) and serology in 15 (2.8%). Tuberculosis, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, leishmaniasis, and intestinal parasites were the most frequently associated infectious diseases. From 328 patients followed up, total regression of the lesions was observed in 17.4%, partial regression in 77.4%, and no regression in 17 (5.2%) cases. Regarding the number of cases in this series, ES emerges as an important endemic area for PCM in Brazil.
Identifying Helminth Infections via Routine Fecal Parasitological Examinations in Korea
Authors: Choi Seung Ho , Lee Changhyun , Yang Jong In , Kwak Min-Sun , Chung Goh Eun , Kang Hae Yeon , Chung Su Jin , Yim Jeong Yoon , Kim Joo Sung
Published: July 2017

We conducted this study to explore the extent of occult helminth infection identified by fecal parasitological examinations or organ-specific examinations such as colonoscopy and abdominal ultrasonography (US) during health checkups. We analyzed 197,422 fecal samples from 99,451 subjects who received health checkups at a single center over 10 years. We found that 3,472 (1.8%) samples from 3,342 (3.4%) subjects tested positive for parasitic ova, including clonorchiasis, metagonimiasis, trichuriasis, ascariasis, trichostrongylosis, taeniasis, and enterobiasis. The detection rate for clonorchiasis was higher in those who were taking their first examination than in those who had been examined previously. The detection rate for clonorchiasis decreased gradually over the 10 years. Only 2.5% of the patients with clonorchiasis showed US or computed tomography (CT) images that were compatible with the disease. Clonorchiasis patients who had abdominal US or CT images that suggested clonorchiasis were older and had lower body mass indices and higher eosinophil counts than did those whose US or CT images did not suggest the disease. We observed worms in 9% of the patients with trichuriasis who had received a colonoscopy. Colonoscopy also uncovered adult worms in 0.03% of subjects who were not identified as having Trichuris trichiura ova in their fecal helminth examinations. In summary, our study shows that occult helminth infection is fairly frequently identified by a variety of methods during health checkups, which suggests that doctors need to make greater effort to identify and treat occult helminth infections in Korea.
Adultilização na infância: as representações das crianças dos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental
Authors: Caetano Maria Raquel
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-4512.2016v18n33p83O artigo faz parte de uma pesquisa realizada em uma escola e busca identificar, compreender e analisar as representações das crianças que frequentam o segundo e quarto ano do ensino fundamental frente à temática “adultilização da infância” tendo em vista que se vive no século XXI, momento no qual muitas mudanças vêm ocorrendo, entre elas mudanças sociais, políticas e econômicas, que interferem diretamente no âmbito educacional e, consequentemente, na formação de alunos e professores para este século. O estudo buscou responder em sua narrativa a seguinte questão: quais são as representações das crianças no ambiente escolar frente à adultilização da infância? Para responder a esta questão foram realizados grupos focais com as crianças, no intuito de coletar dados acerca do problema pesquisado.  O estudo suscitou a compreensão de que as crianças já conseguem dizer e classificar o que é apropriado para elas e para os adultos.
A política de priorização de vagas na creche no município de Curitiba
Authors: Silva Mariana Veríssimo , Coutinho Angela Maria Scalabrin
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1980-4512.2017v19n35p82Este artigo é resultado de pesquisa realizada através do Programa Institucional de Bolsas de Iniciação Científica (PIBIC) no curso de Pedagogia da Universidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), no decorrer do ano de 2016. A pesquisa realizada investigou se o direito à educação infantil das crianças de 0 a 3 anos está sendo efetivado na rede pública do município de Curitiba. Com o intuito de averiguar como ocorre a política de priorização de vagas, foi realizado um estudo de campo em um Centro Municipal de Educação Infantil (CMEI), com o acompanhamento das reuniões do conselho, nas quais foi discutida a priorização das vagas, além de análise documental do regimento, estatuto e atas do conselho escolar. Uma primeira conclusão é a de que o município não atende toda a demanda por vagas para crianças de 0 a 3 anos. Para o preenchimento das poucas vagas existentes, o conselho do CMEI, por meio dos critérios de priorização, seleciona algumas crianças seguindo orientações do regimento e do ofício circular enviado pela Secretaria Municipal de Educação no início do ano letivo.
Apresentação
Authors: Butturi Junior Atilio
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n1p1006
A estrutura passiva num corpus de aquisição
Authors: Estrela Antónia
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n1p1009O objetivo deste trabalho é descrever a estrutura passiva num corpus de aquisição, contabilizando e tipificando as passivas que surgem na fala espontânea das crianças e dos adultos que com elas interagem. Dado que, no campo da aquisição da linguagem, vários estudos apontam para eventuais atrasos na aquisição da passiva, pretendeu-se verificar se, em português europeu, essa estrutura surgia tardiamente e qual o tipo de passiva a emergir primeiramente. Feito o levantamento de todas as passivas presentes no corpus, procedeu-se à sua análise. Os dados mostram que as crianças produzem passivas estativas e só depois passivas eventivas e resultativas. O tipo de passivas que as crianças produzem mais cedo e em maior quantidade é aquele que é mais produzido pelos adultos em interação com elas, ou seja, a passiva estativa. Destaca-se ainda a idade bastante precoce em que estas construções começam a ser produzidas (antes dos dois/três anos).
MOITA LOPES, L. P. Como e por que teorizar o português: recurso comunicativo em sociedades porosas e em tempos híbridos de globalização cultural. In: MOITA LOPES, L. P. O português no século XXI: cenário geopolítico e sociolinguístico. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2013. p. 101-119.
Authors: De Assis Francisco Pinheiro , Teles Tayson Ribeiro
Published: July 2017

http://dx.doi.org/10.5007/1984-8412.2016v13n1p1117MOITA LOPES, L. P. Como e por que teorizar o português: recurso comunicativo em sociedades porosas e em tempos híbridos de globalização cultural. In: MOITA LOPES, L. P. O português no século XXI: cenário geopolítico e sociolinguístico. São Paulo: Parábola Editorial, 2013. p. 101-119.