bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Communicating Needs and Features of IBD Experiences (CONFIDE) Study: US and European Patient and Health Care Professional Perceptions of the Experience and Impact of Symptoms of Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis
Authors: Travis Simon , Potts Bleakman Alison , Dubinsky Marla C , Schreiber Stefan , Panaccione Remo , Hibi Toshifumi , Hunter Gibble Theresa , Kayhan Cem , Atkinson Christian , Sapin Christophe , Flynn Eoin J , Rubin David T
Published: August 2023

Background

The Communicating Needs and Features of IBD Experiences (CONFIDE) study aimed to evaluate the experience and impact of ulcerative colitis (UC) symptoms on patients’ lives and elucidate gaps in communication between patients and health care professionals (HCPs).

Methods

Online, quantitative, cross-sectional surveys of patients with moderate-to-severe UC and HCPs responsible for making prescribing decisions were conducted in the United States (US) and Europe. UC disease severity was defined by treatment, steroid use, and/or hospitalization history.

Results

Surveys were completed by 200 US and 556 European patients and 200 US and 503 European HCPs. The most common UC symptoms experienced in the preceding month were diarrhea, bowel urgency, and increased stool frequency. Many patients (45.0% of US patients, 37.0% of European patients) reported wearing diapers/pads/protection at least once a week in the past 3 months due to fear/anticipation of fecal urge incontinence. The top reasons for declining participation in social events, work/school, and sports/exercise were due to bowel urgency and fear of fecal urge incontinence. HCPs ranked diarrhea, blood in stool, and increased stool frequency as the most common symptoms. While over half HCPs ranked bowel urgency as a top symptom affecting patients’ lives, less than a quarter ranked it in the top 3 most impactful on treatment decisions.

Conclusions

Similar disparities exist between patient and HCP perceptions in the United States and Europe on the experience and impact of UC symptoms. Bowel urgency has a substantial and similar impact on US and European patients, is underappreciated by HCPs, and should be addressed during routine appointments.
Economic analysis of retired batteries of electric vehicles applied to grid energy storage
Authors: Li Jialu
Published: August 2023

Electric vehicles (EVs) are widely used around the world because they are environmentally friendly and not dependent on oil. However, as the battery cycles increase, it becomes unsuitable for EV use and needs to retire when its maximum available capacity decays to 80%. The retirement of a large number of EV power batteries poses a great challenge to the environment and low-carbon living, and the secondary use of batteries is now a very promising solution. The contribution of this paper is the practical analysis of lithium-ion batteries retired from EVs of about 261.3 kWh; detailed analysis of the cost of acquisition, disassembly, reassembly and secondary use; and finally the analysis based on the actual operating conditions of photovoltaic (PV)-load grid. We calculate that the cost of secondary use batteries can be recovered in about 2.5 years because of its very low cost, about 300yuan/kWh, but its performance is not worse than new batteries, compared with the three times cost difference. The secondary use battery applied to renewable energy, such as PV and wind energy storage, is very economical and has very good application prospects.
Cucurbitacin B Exerts Significant Antidepressant-Like Effects in a Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Model of Depression: Involvement of the Hippocampal BDNF-TrkB System
Authors: Ge Jian-Bin , Jiang Bo , Shi Tian-Shun , Li Wei-Yu , Chen Wei-Jia , Zhu Bao-Lun , Qin Zheng-Hong
Published: August 2023

Background

Although depression has been a serious neuropsychiatric disorder worldwide, current antidepressants used in clinical practice have various weaknesses, including delayed onset and low rates of efficacy. Recently, the development of new antidepressants from natural herbal medicine has become one of the important research hotspots. Cucurbitacin B is a natural compound widely distributed in the Cucurbitaceae and Cruciferae families and has many pharmacological activities. The present study aimed to investigate whether cucurbitacin B possess antidepressant-like effects in mice.

Methods

The antidepressant-like effects of cucurbitacin B on mice behaviors were explored using the forced swim test, tail suspension test, open field test, sucrose preference test, and a chronic unpredictable mild stress model of depression together. Then, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to examine the effects of cucurbitacin B on the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-tyrosine kinase B (TrkB) signaling cascade and neurogenesis in the hippocampus of mice. Furthermore, BDNF-short hairpin RNA, K252a, and p-chlorophenylalanine methyl ester were adopted together to determine the antidepressant mechanism of cucurbitacin B.

Results

It was found that administration of cucurbitacin B indeed produced notable antidepressant-like effects in mice, which were accompanied with significant promotion in both the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB pathway and neurogenesis. The antidepressant mechanism of cucurbitacin B involves the hippocampal BDNF-TrkB system but not the serotonin system.

Conclusions

Cucurbitacin B has the potential to be a novel antidepressant candidate.
Application of Cervical Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia to the Patient With 90% Burnt Surface Area
Authors: Acil Fatma , Dedeoğlu Andaç , Andıç Okan , Kaya Sedat , Kaçar Cem Kıvılcım
Published: August 2023

Patients with an extremely large, burnt surface area have a high mortality rate. The follow-up, treatment, and intraoperative anesthesia practices of these patients in the ICU pose serious challenges. In this case, the experience of anesthesia and analgesia using cervical epidural anesthesia, which is not frequently used in anesthesia routine, applied to a patient with a 90% burnt surface area is shared. It was aimed to evaluate the contribution of effective non-opioid analgesia, early mobilization, and nutrition applied to the patient’s recovery.
Lung Protection After Severe Thermal Burns With Adenosine, Lidocaine, and Magnesium (ALM) Resuscitation and Importance of Shams in a Rat Model
Authors: Davenport Lisa M , Letson Hayley L , Dobson Geoffrey P
Published: August 2023

The management of severe burns remains a complex challenge. Adenosine, lidocaine, and magnesium (ALM) resuscitation therapy has been shown to protect against hemorrhagic shock and traumatic injury. The aim of the present study was to investigate the early protective effects of small-volume ALM fluid resuscitation in a rat model of 30% total body surface area (TBSA) thermal injury. Male Sprague–Dawley rats (320–340 g; n = 25) were randomly assigned to: 1) Sham (surgical instrumentation and saline infusion, without burn, n = 5), 2) Saline resuscitation group (n = 10), or 3) ALM resuscitation group (n = 10). Treatments were initiated 15-min after burn trauma, including 0.7 mL/kg 3% NaCl ± ALM bolus and 0.25–0.5 mL/kg/h 0.9% NaCl ± ALM drip, with animals monitored to 8.25-hr post-burn. Hemodynamics, cardiac function, blood chemistry, hematology, endothelial injury markers and histopathology were assessed. Survival was 100% for Shams and 90% for both ALM and Saline groups. Shams underwent significant physiological, immune and hematological changes over time as a result of surgical traums. ALM significantly reduced malondialdehyde levels in the lungs compared to Saline (P = .023), and showed minimal alveolar destruction and inflammatory cell infiltration (P < .001). ALM also improved cardiac function and oxygen delivery (21%, P = .418 vs Saline), reduced gut injury (P < .001 vs Saline), and increased plasma adiponectin (P < .001 vs baseline). Circulating levels of the acute phase protein alpha 1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) increased 1.6-times (P < .001), which may have impacted ALM's therapeutic efficacy. We conclude that small-volume ALM therapy significantly reduced lung oxidative stress and preserved alveolar integrity following severe burn trauma. Further studies are required to assess higher ALM doses with longer monitoring periods.
Creating the Bowes Museum
Authors: Spier Simon
Published: August 2023

This article examines the role of French antique dealers and the auction sales that took place at the Hôtel Drouot in Paris in the 1860s and 1870s in forming the sizeable collection of fine and decorative art of John and Joséphine Bowes, founders of the Bowes Museum in County Durham. Using primary sources published here for the first time, and presenting an extensive online Appendix of auction sales that appear in the archive at the Bowes Museum, it will demonstrate that the Bowes participated in a collecting network that was the product of a rapidly expanding art market in the second half of the nineteenth century. This argues against previous studies of the Bowes’ collecting, which have viewed them as singular and idiosyncratic collectors, and instead places them in the context of emerging private collections such as the Wallace Collection and public institutions such as the South Kensington Museum. However, rather than suggesting that the Bowes emulated private and institutional collectors such as Sir Richard Wallace and Sir John Charles Robinson, it is shown that the sophistication of the art market at this point allowed for diversity in collecting, allowing less wealthy and lower-status collectors to form collections of note.
Distinct early transcriptional regulations by turgor and osmotic potential in the roots of Arabidopsis
Authors: Crabos Amandine , Huang Yunji , Boursat Thomas , Maurel Christophe , Ruffel Sandrine , Krouk Gabriel , Boursiac Yann
Published: August 2023

In a context of climate change, deciphering signaling pathways driving plant adaptation to drought, changes in water availability, and salt is key. A crossing point of these plant stresses is their impact on plant water potential (Ψ), a composite physico-chemical variable reflecting the availability of water for biological processes such as plant growth and stomatal aperture. The Ψ of plant cells is mainly driven by their turgor and osmotic pressures. Here we investigated the effect of a variety of osmotic treatments on the roots of Arabidopsis plants grown in hydroponics. We used, among others, a permeating solute as a way to differentiate variations on turgor from variations in osmotic pressure. Measurement of cortical cell turgor pressure with a cell pressure probe allowed us to monitor the intensity of the treatments and thereby preserve the cortex from plasmolysis. Transcriptome analyses at an early time point (15 min) showed specific and quantitative transcriptomic responses to both osmotic and turgor pressure variations. Our results highlight how water-related biophysical parameters can shape the transcriptome of roots under stress and provide putative candidates to explore further the early perception of water stress in plants.
Sub-m s−1 upper limits from a deep HARPS-N radial-velocity search for planets orbiting HD 166620 and HD 144579
Authors: Anna John A , Collier Cameron A , Faria J P , Mortier A , Wilson T G , Malavolta L , Buchhave L A , Dumusque X , López-Morales M , Haywood R D , Rice K , Sozzetti A , Latham D W , Udry S , Pepe F , Pinamonti M , Vanderburg A , Ghedina A , Cosentino R , Stalport M , Nicholson B A , Fiorenzano A , Poretti E
Published: August 2023

Minimizing the impact of stellar variability in radial velocity (RV) measurements is a critical challenge in achieving the 10 cm s−1 precision needed to hunt for Earth twins. Since 2012, a dedicated programme has been underway with HARPS-N, to conduct a blind RV rocky planets search (RPS) around bright stars in the Northern hemisphere. Here we describe the results of a comprehensive search for planetary systems in two RPS targets, HD 166620 and HD 144579. Using wavelength-domain line-profile decorrelation vectors to mitigate the stellar activity and performing a deep search for planetary reflex motions using a trans-dimensional nested sampler, we found no significant planetary signals in the data sets of either of the stars. We validated the results via data-splitting and injection recovery tests. Additionally, we obtained the 95th percentile detection limits on the HARPS-N RVs. We found that the likelihood of finding a low-mass planet increases noticeably across a wide period range when the inherent stellar variability is corrected for using scalpelsU-vectors. We are able to detect planet signals with Msin i ≤ 1 M⊕ for orbital periods shorter than 10 d. We demonstrate that with our decorrelation technique, we are able to detect signals as low as 54 cm s−1, which brings us closer to the calibration limit of 50 cm s−1 demonstrated by HARPS-N. Therefore, we show that we can push down towards the RV precision required to find Earth analogues using high-precision radial velocity data with novel data-analysis techniques.
Chicano/a Poetry: 1965–2000
Authors: Sánchez Marta E.
Published: August 2023

During the period spanning from 1965 to the early 2000s, the development of Chicano/a literature helped to define a transformative moment of US literature. The vernacular of two main languages—English and Spanish—was animated by poets and marked the inaugural moment of Chicano/a literature. Credit for initiating the modern period of this literature must also go to Luis Valdez’s teatro campesino. But the jump from theater to poetry is not far. Valdez’s energetic, improvised actos (one-act satirical plays) and mitos (one-act cultural myths) and his theatrical tour de force Zoot Suit carried elements of performance, orality, music, and song—all base qualities of poetry. Poetry is the point of origin and the thriving genre in the US American public sphere of modern Chicano letters. This article is divided into two parts. Part I: The Emergent Period (1960s–1980s) discusses the foundational works of Chicano Poetry. Part II: Beyond Aztlán (1990–2000s) notes the opening of Chicano literature to the formulation of new identities and perspectives.
Origin of Amniotes and the Amniotic Egg
Authors: Reisz Robert R. , Maho Tea
Published: August 2023

Amniota is the name assigned to a large group of limbed vertebrates that includes not only extant reptiles, birds, and mammals because of their reproductive strategy involving the amniotic egg, but also a rich record of extinct animals whose reproductive mode cannot be determined directly. The origin of amniotes is therefore anchored by two disparate disciplines: developmental biology and vertebrate paleontology. The amniotic egg is at the center of the great evolutionary success of the crown group Amniota. The developmental strategy of amniotes is characterized by the evolutionary innovation of a series of four extraembryonic membranes—the yolk sac, allantois, chorion, and amnion—that provide a complete developmental environment for the embryonic life of a reptile, bird, or mammal. These extraembryonic membranes allowed the common ancestor of amniotes and its descendants to invest the mother’s resources into fewer but larger eggs; protect the developing embryos by placing them in a nest or retain them in the reproductive canal; and therefore also eliminate the need for a prolonged larval stage and metamorphosis. It has been suggested that this evolutionary innovation provided an unprecedented opportunity to complete the conquest of the terrestrial realm by amniotes and has led to the great success of aquatic reptiles, Mesozoic dinosaurs and their descendants, the birds, and the Cenozoic mammals, including humans. Interestingly, it also appears to have been instrumental in allowing amniotes to invade other parts of the biosphere, including the air, through flying or gliding organisms, and even to return repeatedly to the aquatic environment. The fossil record of crown amniotes is very rich and extends over at least 318 million years of earth’s history, providing a detailed accounting of the evolutionary history of Amniota. As such, they provide the primary evidence for the origin and early evolution of this important clade of animals. Unfortunately, the fossil record is quite limited in the preservation of amniotic eggs, with the oldest documented evidence of fossilized amniotic eggs being those of 195-million-year-old dinosaurs. Thus, the origin and early diversification of amniotes, the transition from anamniotes to amniotes, and the composition of crown Amniota can only be determined by studies of the fossil record and through phylogenetic analyses. Since the fossil record of amniotes and their presumed close relatives is represented mainly by the remains of their bony skeletons, analyses can only be based on the morphological information provided by the skeletons of these ancient limbed vertebrates. The results of these analyses will determine the nature not only of the anamniote-amniote transition, but also the composition of crown Amniota, even in the absence of direct evidence of their embryology.
Multidisciplinary Teams for the Management of Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Roy Anne-Sophie , Hagh-Doust Hamila , Abdul Azim Ahmed , Caceres Juan , Denholm Justin T , Dong Mei Qin (Denise) , King Madeline , Yen Christina F , Lee Todd C , McDonald Emily G
Published: August 2023

Background

The management of infective endocarditis (IE) is complex owing to a high burden of morbidity and mortality. Recent guidelines recommend dedicated multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) for the management of IE. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to evaluate and summarize the effect of MDT management on patient outcomes.

Methods

A systematic review was performed and, where feasible, results were meta-analyzed; otherwise, results were summarized narratively. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed in duplicate. Restricted maximum likelihood random effects models were used to calculate unadjusted risk ratios and 95% CIs.

Results

Screening of 2343 studies based on title and abstract yielded 60 full-text reviews; 18 studies were summarized narratively, of which 15 were included in a meta-analysis of short-term mortality. Meta-analysis resulted in a risk ratio of 0.61 (95% CI, .47–.78; I2 = 62%) for mortality in favor of a dedicated MDT as compared with usual care. Length of stay was variable, with 55% (10/18) of studies reporting an increased length of stay. Most studies (16/18, 88.9%) reported a decreased time to surgery and an increased rate of surgery (13/18, 73%). No studies reported on patient-reported outcomes.

Conclusions

This is the first systematic review and meta-analysis to assess the impact of MDT management on IE. The sum of evidence demonstrated a significant association between MDTs and improved short-term mortality. Further research is needed to evaluate benefits of virtual MDT care, cost-effectiveness, and the impact on patient-reported outcomes and long-term mortality.
nℤ-abelian and nℤ-exact categories
Authors: Ebrahimi Ramin , Nasr-Isfahani Alireza
Published: August 2023

In this paper, we introduce $n\mathbb{Z}$-abelian and $n\mathbb{Z}$-exact categories by axiomatizing properties of $n\mathbb{Z}$-cluster tilting subcategories. We study these categories and show that every $n\mathbb{Z}$-cluster tilting subcategory of an abelian (resp., exact) category has a natural structure of an $n\mathbb{Z}$-abelian (resp., $n\mathbb{Z}$-exact) category. Also, we show that every small $n\mathbb{Z}$-abelian category arises in this way, and discuss the problem for $n\mathbb{Z}$-exact categories.
Calprotectin: two sides of the same coin
Authors: Carnazzo Valeria , Redi Serena , Basile Valerio , Natali Patrizia , Gulli Francesca , Equitani Francesco , Marino Mariapaola , Basile Umberto
Published: August 2023

Calprotectin (CLP) is a calcium-binding protein produced by neutrophils and monocytes in the course of inflammation. Today, the role of faecal CLP in chronic IBD is well known, but in recent years attention has shifted towards circulating CLP. In fact, this molecule can be measured in different biological fluids: blood, saliva and urine, using different analytic methods that are described in this review. Furthermore, different data confirm the relevant role of serum CLP in autoimmune diseases. In this review we will highlight the correlation between high levels of circulating CLP and specific autoantibodies of major autoimmune pathologies paving the way to the employment of CLP measurement as useful biomarker for monitoring outcome in different pathologies.
Peripheral nervous system is injured by neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) elicited by nonstructural (NS) protein‐1 from Zika virus
Authors: de Siqueira Santos Raphael , Rochael Natalia Cadaxo , Mattos Thayana Roberta F. , Fallett e Silva Matheus Felipe , Linhares‐Lacerda Leandra , de Oliveira Leandro Teixeira , Cunha Marcela Sabino , Mohana‐Borges Ronaldo , Gomes Tiago Araujo , Barbosa‐Silva Maria Carolina , Maron‐Gutierrez Tatiana , Foguel Debora , Saraiva Elvira Maria
Published: August 2023

The involvement of innate immune mediators to the Zika virus (ZIKV)‐induced neuroinflammation is not yet well known. Here, we investigated whether neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs), which are scaffolds of DNA associated with proteins, have the potential to injure peripheral nervous. The tissue lesions were evaluated after adding NETs to dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explants and to DRG constituent cells or injecting them into mouse sciatic nerves. Identification of NET harmful components was achieved by pharmacological inhibition of NET constituents. We found that ZIKV inoculation into sciatic nerves recruited neutrophils and elicited the production of the cytokines CXCL1 and IL‐1β, classical NET inducers, but did not trigger NET formation. ZIKV blocked PMA‐ and CXCL8‐induced NET release, but, in contrast, the ZIKV nonstructural protein (NS)‐1 induced NET formation. NET‐enriched supernatants were toxic to DRG explants, decreasing neurite area, length, and arborization. NETs were toxic to DRG constituent cells and affected myelinating cells. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) and histones were identified as the harmful component of NETs. NS1 injection into mouse sciatic nerves recruited neutrophils and triggered NET release and caspase‐3 activation, events that were also elicited by the injection of purified MPO. In summary, we found that ZIKV NS1 protein induces NET formation, which causes nervous tissue damages. Our findings reveal new mechanisms leading to neuroinflammation by ZIKV.
Spine MRI Identifies Clinically Relevant Findings in Patients With Cancer Presenting With Back Pain
Authors: Tringale Kathryn R. , Gangai Natalie , Chua Andrew , Godwin Kendra , Guman Gloria , Laufer Ilya , Cathcart Kathleen N.S. , Lis Eric , Schmitt Adam , Moskowitz Chaya S. , Chilov Marina , Vachha Behroze A.
Published: August 2023

Study Design.

This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Objective.

The primary aim was to identify the diagnostic yield of spine magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in detecting malignant pathology in cancer patients with back pain. We also sought to evaluate the role of MRI extent (i.e. regional vs. total) in identifying malignant pathology.

Summary of Background Data.

No prior study has systematically investigated the yield of spine MRI in a large cohort of cancer patients.

Methods.

Spine MRI reports from 2017 to 2021 for back pain (acute and nonspecified chronicity) in cancer patients were reviewed to identify clinically relevant findings: malignant (1) epidural, (2) leptomeningeal, (3) intramedullary, (4) osseous disease, and (5) fracture. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between MRI extent and the presence of cancer-related findings. For patients with multiple MRIs, short-interval scans (≤4 mo) were evaluated to assess the yield of repeat imaging.

Results.

At least one cancer-related finding was identified on 52% of 5989 spine MRIs ordered for back pain and 57% of 1130 spine MRIs ordered specifically for acute back pain. The most common pathology was malignant osseous disease (2545; 43%). Across all five categories, most findings (77%–89%) were new/progressive. Odds of identifying a finding were significantly higher with total versus regional spine MRIs (P<0.001). Although only 14 patients had a positive regional MRI followed shortly by a positive total spine MRI, most of these repeat total spine MRIs (78%) identified findings outside the scope of the initial regional scan. Twenty-one patients had both computed tomography and MRI within 30 days of each other; eight (38%) had compression fractures appreciated on MRI but not on computed tomography.

Conclusions.

Our findings suggest imaging the total spine in cancer patients with back pain given higher odds of identifying malignant pathology and instances of capturing otherwise not visualized disease. Further work is warranted to confirm these findings.
Metabolic reprogramming in Nrf2-driven proliferation of normal rat hepatocytes
Authors: Kowalik Marta A. , Taguchi Keiko , Serra Marina , Caddeo Andrea , Puliga Elisabetta , Bacci Marina , Koshiba Seizo , Inoue Jin , Hishinuma Eiji , Morandi Andrea , Giordano Silvia , Perra Andrea , Yamamoto Masayuki , Columbano Amedeo
Published: August 2023

Background and Aims:

Cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways to support bioenergetic and biosynthetic needs and to maintain their redox balance. In several human tumors, the Keap1-Nrf2 system controls proliferation and metabolic reprogramming by regulating the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP). However, whether this metabolic reprogramming also occurs in normal proliferating cells is unclear.

Approach and Results:

To define the metabolic phenotype in normal proliferating hepatocytes, we induced cell proliferation in the liver by 3 distinct stimuli: liver regeneration by partial hepatectomy and hepatic hyperplasia induced by 2 direct mitogens: lead nitrate (LN) or triiodothyronine. Following LN treatment, well-established features of cancer metabolic reprogramming, including enhanced glycolysis, oxidative PPP, nucleic acid synthesis, NAD+/NADH synthesis, and altered amino acid content, as well as downregulated oxidative phosphorylation, occurred in normal proliferating hepatocytes displaying Nrf2 activation. Genetic deletion of Nrf2 blunted LN-induced PPP activation and suppressed hepatocyte proliferation. Moreover, Nrf2 activation and following metabolic reprogramming did not occur when hepatocyte proliferation was induced by partial hepatectomy or triiodothyronine.

Conclusions:

Many metabolic changes in cancer cells are shared by proliferating normal hepatocytes in response to a hostile environment. Nrf2 activation is essential for bridging metabolic changes with crucial components of cancer metabolic reprogramming, including the activation of oxidative PPP. Our study demonstrates that matured hepatocytes exposed to LN undergo cancer-like metabolic reprogramming and offers a rapid and useful in vivo model to study the molecular alterations underpinning the differences/similarities of metabolic changes in normal and neoplastic hepatocytes.
A randomized trial of genotype-guided perindopril use
Authors: Lee Sang-Hak , Lee Chan Joo , Kang Yura , Park Jung Mi , Lee Ji Hyun
Published: August 2023

Objective:

Cough caused by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) limits their clinical application and cardiovascular benefits. This randomized trial investigated whether genotype-guided perindopril use could reduce drug-related cough in 20 to 79-year-old individuals with hypertension.

Methods:

After screening 120 patients and randomization, 68 were assigned to genotyping (n = 41) and control (n = 27) groups. NELL1 p.Arg382Trp (rs8176786) and intron (rs10766756) genotype information was used to subdivide the genotyping group into high-risk and low-risk subgroups with at least one or no risk alleles for ACEI-related cough, respectively. The high-risk subgroup received candesartan (8 mg/day) for 6 weeks, whereas the low-risk subgroup received perindopril (4 mg/day). The control group, which was not genotyped, received perindopril (4 mg/day). The primary outcome variables were cough and moderate/severe cough; the secondary outcome variable was any adverse event.

Results:

During the 6-week period, the risk of cough was lower in the genotyping group than in the control group [five (12.2%) and nine (33.3%) participants, respectively; hazard ratio: 0.25; log-rank P = 0.017]. The moderate/severe cough risk was also lower in the genotyping group [one (2.4%) and five (18.5%) participants, respectively; hazard ratio: 0.12; log-rank P = 0.025]. Differences in cough (hazard ratio: 0.56; log-rank P = 0.32) and moderate/severe cough risk (hazard ratio: 0.26; log-rank P = 0.19) between the low-risk and control groups were not significant. The risk of total adverse events was similar between any two groups.

Conclusion:

Cough risk was lower during genotype-guided treatment than during conventional treatment. These results support the utility of NELL1 variant data in clinical decision making to personalize renin-angiotensin system blocker therapy use.

Trial Registration:

ClinicalTrials.gov number: NCT05535595 (retrospectively registered at September 7, 2022).
Systematic Review of the Diagnostic Criteria and Severity Classification for Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy
Authors: Oie Yoshinori , Yamaguchi Takefumi , Nishida Nozomi , Okumura Naoki , Maeno Sayo , Kawasaki Ryo , Jhanji Vishal , Shimazaki Jun , Nishida Kohji
Published: August 2023

Purpose:

There are no defined diagnostic criteria and severity classification for Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD), which are required for objective standardized assessments. Therefore, we performed a systematic literature review of the current diagnosis and severity classification of FECD.

Methods:

We searched the Ovid MEDLINE and Web of Science databases for studies published until January 13, 2021. We excluded review articles, conference abstracts, editorials, case reports with <5 patients, and letters.

Results:

Among 468 articles identified, we excluded 173 and 165 articles in the first and second screenings, respectively. Among the 130 included articles, 61 (47%) and 99 (76%) mentioned the diagnostic criteria for FECD and described its severity classification, respectively. Regarding diagnosis, slitlamp microscope alone was the most frequently used device in 31 (51%) of 61 articles. Regarding diagnostic findings, corneal guttae alone was the most common parameter [adopted in 23 articles (38%)]. Regarding severity classification, slitlamp microscopes were used in 88 articles (89%). The original or modified Krachmer grading scale was used in 77 articles (78%), followed by Adami's classification in six (6%). Specular microscopes or Scheimpflug tomography were used in four articles (4%) and anterior segment optical coherence tomography in one (1%).

Conclusions:

FECD is globally diagnosed by the corneal guttae using slitlamp examination, and its severity is predominantly determined by the original or modified Krachmer grading scale. Objective severity grading using Scheimpflug or anterior segment optical coherence tomography can be applied in the future innovative therapies such as cell injection therapy or novel small molecules.
Expert Consensus on the Clinical Application of Aminolevulinic Acid-Based Photodynamic Therapy for Acne Vulgaris (2022)#
Authors: Xiang Lei-Hong , Yu Bo , Yu Jian-Bin , Wang Xiao-Qin , Wang Gang , Wang Baoxi , Yin Rui , Liu Yong-Bin , Liu Guo-Yan , Yan Yan , Xu Ai-E , Sun Qing , Li Cheng-Xin , Li Shan-Shan , Li Heng-Jin , Yang Bin , Xiao Rong , Wu Yan , He Li , Chen Liu-Qing , Zhou Xun , Zheng Zhi-Zhong , Yao Zhi-Rong , Jin Hong-Zhong , Gu Heng , Gao Xing-Hua , Tao Juan , Jiang Xian , Zeng Wei-Hui , Lai Wei , Man Xiao-Yong , Ju Qiang ,   China Dermatologist Association
Published: August 2023

Aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy (ALA-PDT) is a safe and effective physical therapy for acne vulgaris that is widely used in clinical practice. To further standardize the clinical application of ALA-PDT in the treatment of acne, we created this updated consensus based on the 2011 version of the consensus on ALA-PDT for the treatment of acne vulgaris. In this document, we summarize the mechanisms of action of ALA-PDT and provide practical standards for patient selection, treatment parameters, administration procedures, and management of adverse reactions. Our aim was to provide guidance and treatment regimens for using ALA-PDT for acne vulgaris in clinical practice.
Association of Methionine Synthase rs1805087 Polymorphism With Arsenic-Related Skin Pigmentary Changes: A Population-Based Case-Control Study
Authors: Huang Xiao-Yan , Xiao Yi , Jing Dan-Rong , Shen Min-Xue , Lu Li-Xia
Published: August 2023

Objective:

Chronic arsenic exposure causes skin lesions including skin cancers, pigmentary changes, and keratosis. Genetic polymorphism in arsenic metabolism may increase susceptibility to the development of arsenic-related skin lesions. This study was performed to determine whether arsenic metabolism-related gene variants are associated with arsenic-related pigmentary changes.

Methods:

This case–control study involved 189 patients with arsenic-related pigmentary changes and 103 controls. Thirty-eight polymorphisms in 10 genes determined by mass spectrometry assay served as candidate drivers of arsenic-induced pigmentary changes. Urine and plasma arsenic levels were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Hair arsenic concentrations were measured by nondispersive atomic fluorescence spectrometry. Arsenic metabolites in urine were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Serum folate was measured using a folate radio assay kit. Analysis of variance, nonparametric test, or the chi-square test was selected according to the data distribution. Spearman correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between two parameters. Logistic regression was used to estimate the effect of single-nucleotide polymorphisms.

Results:

The arsenic concentrations in urine, plasma, and hair and the urine arsenic species were not significantly different between patients and controls. Logistic regression revealed that among the polymorphisms, the methionine synthase (MTR) rs1805087 polymorphism showed a protective effect against arsenic-related pigmentary changes. In the codominant model, the adjusted odds ratio for age, sex, and ethnicity was 0.41 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21–0.80; P = 0.008) for the AG genotype and 0.11 (95% CI, 0.02–0.60; P = 0.012) for the GG genotype.

Conclusion:

MTR polymorphism showed a protective effect against arsenic-related pigmentary changes in the logistic regression model. The effect of MTR rs1805087 might be independent of arsenic metabolism and one-carbon metabolism. More studies are needed to clarify the biological function of MTR rs1805087 and its relationship with the etiology of arsenic-related pigmentary changes.
Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: A data-driven visualization of collaboration, frontier identification, and future trends
Authors: Li Yue , Li Zhaoying , Li Chunjie , Cai Wei , Liu Tao , Li Ji , Fan Haojun , Cao Chunxia
Published: August 2023

One of the main causes of death is out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), which has a poor prognosis and poor neurological outcomes. This phenomenon has attracted increasing attention. However, there is still no published bibliometric analysis of OHCA. This bibliometric analysis of publications on OHCA aimed to visualize the current status of research, determine the frontiers of research, and identify future trends. Publications on OHCA were downloaded from the web of science database. The data elements included year, countries/territories, institutions, authors, journals, research areas, citations of publications, etc. Joinpoint regression and exponential models were used to identify and predict the trend of publications, respectively. Knowledge domain maps were applied to conduct contribution and collaboration, cooccurrence, cocitation, and coupled analyses. Timeline and burst detection analysis were used to identify the frontiers in the field. A total of 3 219 publications on OHCA were found from 1998 to 2022 (average annual percentage change = 16.7; 95% CI 14.4, 19.1). It was estimated that 859 articles and reviews would be published in 2025. The following research hotpots were identified: statement, epidemiology, clinical care, factors influencing prognosis and emergency medical services. The research frontier identification revealed that 7 categories were classified, including therapeutic hypothermia, emergency medical services, airway management, myocardial infarction, extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation, stroke foundation and trial. The burst detection analysis revealed that percutaneous coronary intervention, neurologic outcome, COVID-19 and extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation are issues that should be given continual attention in the future. This bibliometric analysis may reflect the current status and future frontiers of OHCA research.
Full-thickness skin regeneration beneath the exposed titanium mesh in cranioplasty: Two cases report
Authors: Kan Daohong , He Xuefeng , Liu Bing , Yang Chaokun , Zou Yong
Published: August 2023

Rationale:

Titanium mesh is one of the most widely used implant materials applied in cranioplasty; however, it has been reported to encounter the risk of progressive scalp thinning and implant exposure over time. Here we present 2 cases of exposed titanium mesh (TM) and unusual phenomena of full-thickness skin regeneration beneath the mesh.

Patient concerns:

Two patients, 1 with an 8-year and 1 with a 2-year history of implant exposure after cranial TM implantation.

Diagnoses:

The patients were diagnosed with scalp ulcers and cranial TM exposure.

Intervention:

The exposed part of the implant was removed, and the full-thickness skin beneath the mesh was directly used as functional soft tissue coverage to repair the scalp defect.

Outcomes:

Full recovery for both patients with cosmetic satisfaction.

Lessons:

Though the exact mechanism of this epithelisation phenomenon beneath the TM remains to be elucidated, it provided a feasible choice for clinicians to reconstruct the scalp’s integrity without exerting complicated procedures when dealing with similar cases.
A bibliometric systematic review of extracellular vesicles in eye diseases from 2003 to 2022
Authors: Luo Xianke , Yan Xiaoling , Yin Dan , Xia Yanting , Li Shimeng , shi Suisui , Gao Miaoran , Yang Changlu , Zhou Jian
Published: August 2023

Background:

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have emerged as a valuable and promising research field in eye diseases. However, there are few bibliometric studies in this area. The purpose of this study was to employ bibliometric analysis to visualize the research hotspots and trends of EVs in eye diseases and provide researchers with new perspectives for further studies.

Methods:

Articles and reviews on EVs in eye diseases published between January 1, 2003 and December 31, 2022 were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. Qualitative and quantitative analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel and CiteSpace software.

Results:

In total, 790 articles were included in the analysis. Over the past 2 decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of publications on the study of EVs in eye diseases. The United States, China, and Italy made the most significant contributions to this field. The Chinese Academy of Sciences was the most productive institution, and International Journal of Molecular Sciences published the most number of articles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America had the highest citation frequency. Beit-Yannai E had the highest output and Thery C had the highest average citation frequency among authors. The analysis of keywords revealed that the neuroprotective effects of stem cell-derived EVs and biomarkers of eye diseases are current research hotspots and frontiers in this field.

Conclusion:

This study provides a scientific perspective on EVs in eye diseases and provides valuable information for researchers to detect current research conditions, hotspots, and emerging trends for further study.
Identification of biomarkers associated with diagnosis of acute lung injury based on bioinformatics and machine learning
Authors: Jing Hekun , Chen Xiaorui , Wang Daoxin
Published: August 2023

Background:

Acute lung injury (ALI) is an acute inflammatory disease characterized by excess production of inflammatory factors in lung tissue and has a high mortality. This research was designed for the identification of novel diagnostic biomarkers for ALI and analyzing the possible association between critical genes and infiltrated immune cells.

Methods:

The study used 2 datasets (GSE2411 and GSE18341) to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 2 groups. Then we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses to identify the functions of these DEGs. The study also used SVM-recursive feature elimination analysis and least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression model to screen possible markers. The study further analyzed immune cell infiltration via CIBERSORT. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis was used to explore the molecular mechanism of the critical genes.

Results:

DEGs were identified between 2 groups. In total, 690 DEGs were obtained: 527 genes were upregulated and 163 genes were downregulated. We identified PDZK1IP1, CCKAR, and CXCL2 as critical genes. And we then found that these critical genes correlated with Mast Cells, Neutrophil Cells, M1 Macrophage, dendritic cell Actived, Eosinophil Cells, B Cells Naive, Mast Cells, and dendritic cell Immature. Furthermore, we investigated the specific signaling pathways involved in key genes and derived some potential molecular mechanisms by which key genes affect disease progression by use of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis. Moreover, we predict transcription factors. Also, we obtained critical gene-related microRNAs through the targetscan database, and visualized the microRNA network of the genes.

Conclusion:

Our findings might provide some novel clue for the exploration of novel markers for ALI diagnosis. The critical genes and their associations with immune infiltration may offer new insight into understanding ALI developments.
Comparing machine learning and logistic regression for acute kidney injury prediction in trauma patients: A retrospective observational study at a single tertiary medical center
Authors: Choi Hanlim , Lee Jin Young , Sul Younghoon , Kim Seheon , Ye Jin Bong , Lee Jin Suk , Yoon Suyoung , Seok Junepill , Han Jonghee , Choi Jung Hee , Kim Hong Rye
Published: August 2023

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is common in patients with trauma and is associated with poor outcomes. Therefore, early prediction of AKI in patients with trauma is important for risk stratification and the provision of optimal intensive care unit treatment. This study aimed to compare 2 models, machine learning (ML) techniques and logistic regression, in predicting AKI in patients with trauma. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 400 patients who sustained torso injuries between January 2016 and June 2020. Patients were included if they were aged > 15 years, admitted to the intensive care unit, survived for > 48 hours, had thoracic and/or abdominal injuries, had no end-stage renal disease, and had no missing data. AKI was defined in accordance with the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes definition and staging system. The patients were divided into 2 groups: AKI (n = 78) and non-AKI (n = 322). We divided the original dataset into a training (80%) and a test set (20%), and the logistic regression with stepwise selection and ML (decision tree with hyperparameter optimization using grid search and cross-validation) was used to build a model for predicting AKI. The models established using the training dataset were evaluated using a confusion matrix receiver operating characteristic curve with the test dataset. We included 400 patients with torso injury, of whom 78 (19.5%) progressed to AKI. Age, intestinal injury, cumulative fluid balance within 24 hours, and the use of vasopressors were independent risk factors for AKI in the logistic regression model. In the ML model, vasopressors were the most important feature, followed by cumulative fluid balance within 24 hours and packed red blood cell transfusion within 4 hours. The accuracy score showed no differences between the 2 groups; however, the recall and F1 score were significantly higher in the ML model (.94 vs 56 and.75 vs 64, respectively). The ML model performed better than the logistic regression model in predicting AKI in patients with trauma. ML techniques can aid in risk stratification and the provision of optimal care.
Association between pain burden and presence of any limitation among older adults (≥50 years of age) with pain who used opioids in the United States: Cross-sectional study using 2020 medical expenditure panel survey
Authors: Aqel Osama , Agu Uchechukwu , Almatruk Ziyad , Axon David R.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to assess the association between pain burden and presence of any limitation among older adults (≥50 years of age) with pain who used opioids in the United States.

This cross-sectional study used 2020 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data and included all adults aged 50 or older, who were alive for the 2020 calendar year, used an opioid at least once in the calendar year, and reported having pain in the past 4 weeks. Unadjusted and adjusted logistic regression models were developed to assess the association between any limitation (AL) (yes or no), pain burden (extremely, quite a bit, moderately, or little bit) and the control variables among a nationally representative sample of United States adults. A total of 844 of the 27,805 participants included in the dataset were eligible for the study. Of these, 71.2% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 67.2, 75.1%) reported the presence of AL. The adjusted logistic regression analysis showed that having extreme, quite a bit, or moderate pain (vs little pain) was associated with 10.30 (95% CI = 3.87, 27.40), 5.07 (95% CI = 2.77, 9.30), and 2.49 (95% CI = 1.40, 4.45), respectively, times greater odds of having AL. Furthermore, being unemployed (vs employed; adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 5.26, 95% CI = 2.94, 9.09%), unmarried (vs married; aOR = 1.92, 95% CI = 1.12, 3.33%), having poor overall health (vs good overall health; aOR = 2.08, 95% CI = 1.08, 4.17), and residing in the Midwest (vs West; aOR = 2.04, 95% CI = 1.10, 3.80) were associated with greater odds of having AL. Extreme, quite a bit, and moderate pain burden were significantly associated with greater odds of reporting AL compared to little pain burden. Developing effective pain management strategies that address not only pain relief but also functional improvement among this population is of importance. Future research could then be conducted to determine the most effective pain management strategies that will provide pain relief and improve their functional abilities.