bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Steam atmospheres and the implications for Venus and Venus-like planets 
Authors: Selsis Franck , Leconte Jérémy , Turbet Martin , Chaverot Guillaume , Bolmont Emeline
Published: March 2024

A planet with a significant water content can give rise to a steam atmosphere (dominated by water vapor) when the incoming stellar flux exceeds the so-called runaway limit or after large impacts or accretion. All steam-atmosphere current models predict that the greenhouse effect of an ocean worth of water vapor is sufficient to generate a surface magma ocean. This has far reaching consequences for the early evolution of warm rocky planets and the coupling of their interior with the atmosphere. In this paradigm, the solidification of the mantle of Venus is believed to have happened only after the escape of its steam atmosphere to space, leaving the mantle desiccated.However, these conclusions rely on the assumption that atmospheres are fully convective below their photosphere. This hypothesis was introduced in the 80s and is used in a large part of the literature on the subject. Its validity had however not been assessed thoroughly. We will present the results of a climate model that has been specifically designed to model the radiative-convective equilibrium of steam atmospheres without any a priori hypothesis on their convective nature. These results show that steam atmospheres are generally not fully convective, which yields much cooler surfaces than previous models. A runaway greenhouse does not systematically melt the surface. This changes completely our view of the early evolution of Venus', with even more drastic changes for planets around stars redder than the Sun.The equilibrium thermal structure of a steam atmosphere, which affects observable signatures and mass-radius relationships of warm Earth-like to water-rich planets, becomes strongly dependent on the stellar spectrum and internal heat flow. Our current constraints on the water content of the internal Trappist-1 planets should for example be revisited. For ultracool dwarfs, these results even question the nature of the inner edge of the sometimes called habitable zone.
Shape evolution of pyroclasts in tumbling experiments
Authors: Figueiredo Carolina , Esenyel Halil Sarp , Kueppers Ulrich , Dingwell Donald Bruce
Published: March 2024

During explosive volcanic eruptions involving felsic magmas, angular porous pyroclasts are generated and ejected into the atmosphere. As these pyroclasts are mechanically weak, transport processes after fragmentation can alter their shape. Rotary tumbling experiments have been used to mimic particle-particle interaction during Pyroclastic Density Currents (PDC) or sedimentation and to understand the role of transport mechanisms on fine ash generation and changes in pyroclast morphology. We used clasts generated by Hornby et al. (2020) to statistically quantify the shape evolution of pre- and post-tumbling pyroclasts. Two types of Laacher See pumice were used as starting material. LSB (Laacher See Bims) was industrially processed by ROTEC® by wet sieving, while ULST (Upper Laacher See Tephra) represents pristine clasts from fall units of the Laacher See eruption. Four sets of tumbling experiments (T1, T2, T3A, T3B) were performed. All lasted in total 120 minutes and ash generation was quantified after 15, 30, 45, 60 and 120th minutes. In T1 experiments, ash generated was added back into the drum after each increment but left out and stored separately in T2 experiments. In T3 steel balls were added to the drum to simulate the impact of lithics on the mechanical response of pumice lapilli. All other boundary conditions of T3A experiments mimic those of T1 while T3B experiments mimic T2. We quantified three values for each set of clasts: 1) amount of ash generated (dry sieving), 2) clast volumes (following Pisello et al., 2023), and 3) clast morphology. For the latter, we used shadowgraphs of 100 clasts per sample set independently, processed the images on Photoshop (clast contours delimitation and binarization) and calculated shape parameters (Convexity, Solidity, Form factor and Axial ratio, see Liu et al., 2015) using ImageJ. As expected, a striking distinction between starting material and tumbled clasts was found. We present data for 1) ash generation efficiency (≤ 53%), 2) clast volume (reduction), and 3) shape parameters (≤ 0.15 increase) to evidence the importance of pyroclast overprinting during transport-related processes. As clasts collected from fall units (see ULST here or Pisello et al., 2023) are angular, particle-particle interaction during gas-pyroclast flow inside conduits is found to have been of minor importance.
Forest succession drives systematic change of root-mycorrhizal foraging strategies
Authors: Ma Zeqing , Ding Gaigai , Zeng Wenjing , Yan Tao , Sun Lijuan
Published: March 2024

Plant nutrient foraging depends on roots and mycorrhizal fungi, which are affected by plant carbon (C) investment and soil nutrient availability. The C supply for root metabolism and associated fungi might be diminished as the host plant size increases, while the quality and quantity of soil nitrogen (N) change with forest succession. There is still no holistic understanding of how the organization of belowground mycorrhizal root structure and fungi in the nutrient acquisition continuum shifts with forest age and soil resources, which restrains our understanding of the functional relations among roots, fungi, and soil. Here we examined the shifts in the absorptive root and mycorrhizal strategies, and changes in soil-associated fungal community compositions along a temperate larch forest chronosequence nested with a long-term N fertilization gradient. We found that the effect of forest age outweighed soil N addition in our forest. As tree age increased, root respiration and specific root length decreased, but protective investments such as tissue density and phenolics decreased. Meanwhile, the proportion of ectomycorrhizal fungi with a short-distance exploration type increased, but those with a long-distance exploration type decreased. The shifts in root and mycorrhizal fungal traits demonstrate a nutrient acquisition continuum from "young explorative roots with long mycorrhizas" to "mature conservative roots with short mycorrhizas". A trade-off between the root architecture and root segment metabolism, and a complementarity between the size of the root system and mycorrhizal exploration types functionally constrains this nutrient acquisition continuum. Our results thus suggested forest succession drives the covariations among root system size, root metabolic rate, mycorrhizal fungal exploration type, and soil-associated fungal functional groups.
Urban geology as part of 3D city models - challenges and solutions
Authors: Lehne Rouwen , Roy Sonu , Heggemann Heiner , Schueth Christoph
Published: March 2024

While 3D city models are now available for many large and medium-sized cities and are increasingly being used, the urban subsurface (= urban geology) continues to be neglected in such models in most cases. The reasons for this are both inhomogeneous and complex geological/hydrogeological information, which at the same time is not assembled in a context-specific way, as well as a lack of standards, interfaces and exchange formats.To overcome these barriers, geological and hydrogeological 2D and 3D content is currently being elaborated for several urban areas in the federal state of Hesse in close cooperation with the municipal cooperation partners using all available input data (in particular, however, boreholes, geological cross sections and groundwater level measurements), which are being assembled with a view to defined "urban geoparameters".In addition, an attempt will be made to visualize the urban underground infrastructure (man-made objects) in 3D space and thus bring it into a synopsis with the geological and hydrogeological 2D and 3D content.The synopsis, in turn, should be carried out in the respective working environments as far as possible, i.e. using the software solutions operated by the cooperation partners. To ensure this, both suitable interfaces and a suitable exchange format are required in the 3D data management systems for geological/hydrogeological models. The OGC API 3D GeoVolume and Styles interfaces and the 3D Tiles exchange format are considered to be the solution here.With this presentation, we would like to present the current state of work with a focus on the parameterisation and packaging of geological and hydrogeological 2D and 3D data for urban areas.
Biogeochemical Niche building of Invasive Fallopia japonica: Insights from Stable Isotope Probing
Authors: Grange Sierra , Girardi Johanna , Mendoza-Lera Clara , Dyckmanns Jens , Muñoz Katherine , Brunn Melanie , Jungkunst Hermann
Published: March 2024

Exploring invasive plant species, in this case the infamous Fallopia japonica, has become pivotal in understanding their impact on biogeochemical processes within ecosystems. Building upon the work of Girardi et al., who investigated how F. japonica uses polyphenols to inhibit nitrification, our study employs stable isotope analysis to delve into the biogeochemical niche-building mechanisms of this invasive species. Following Girardi et al.’s findings, which highlighted the inhibitory effects of resveratrol on potential nitrification rates in F. japonica invaded riparian ecosystems, our research takes a step further to investigate the broader implications of the success of F. japonica. We employed stable isotopes, ¹³C-CO2 and ¹⁵N-NO3 and -NH4, to shed light upon the biogeochemical dynamics associated with the invasive prowess of F. japonica and find whether Fallopia japonica exhibits a higher affinity for ammonium than nitrate when compared to the native species Urtica dioica, and whether it allocates resources predominantly to root growth. Contrary to previous hypotheses, our results challenge the belief that F. japonica exhibits a higher affinity for ammonium than nitrate compared to native species. Through our labelling experiments on young F. japonica and Urtica dioica (native) plants, we discovered that F. japonica displays a lower affinity for ammonium than U. dioica. Additionally, F. japonica demonstrated higher nitrogen-use efficiency and a pronounced preference for allocating resources to root biomass, underlining its ability to efficiently utilize nitrogen resources. These findings shed light on the intricate mechanisms behind the ability of F. japonica to disrupt ecosystems, emphasizing the importance of stable isotopes in unraveling such complexities. Through the integration of stable isotope probing techniques and a comprehensive understanding of rhizosphere processes, our work contributes to the ongoing efforts to foster sustainable and efficient agricultural systems in the face of global change. Moving forward, our research trajectory aims to explore the impact of phenols on nitrification in soils. Specifically, we plan to apply phenols to soil and investigate their effects on nitrification, with potential implications for denitrification processes. This endeavor aligns with the broader goal of understanding the multifaceted interactions between invasive plant species and biogeochemical processes, contributing to the development of effective strategies for invasive species management. Keywords:                      Fallopia japonica, Urtica dioica, invasive species, native species, nitrogen cycle, nitrogen use efficiency, ammonium, 15N labelling, 13C labelling, biogeochemical niche, stable isotopes
Buoy-based detection of low-energy cosmic-ray neutrons to monitor the influence of atmospheric, geomagnetic, and heliospheric effects
Authors: Rasche Daniel , Schrön Martin , Weimar Jannis , Köhli Markus , Heber Konstantin , Boehrer Bertram , Hertle Lasse , Kögler Simon , Zacharias Steffen
Published: March 2024

Cosmic radiation on Earth responds to heliospheric, geomagnetic, atmospheric, and lithospheric changes. In order to use its signal for soil hydrological monitoring, the signal of thermal and epithermal neutron detectors needs to be corrected for external influencing factors. However, theories about the neutron response to soil water, air pressure, air humidity, and incoming cosmic radiation are still under debate. To challenge these theories, we isolated the neutron response from almost any terrestrial changes by operating a bare and a moderated neutron detector in a buoy on a lake in Germany from July 15 to December 02, 2014. We found that the count rate over water has been better predicted by a recent theory compared to a traditional approach. We further found strong linear correlation parameters to air pressure and air humidity for epithermal neutrons, while thermal neutrons responded differently. Two correction approaches for air humidity were similarly able to remove correlations of epithermal neutrons to air humidity. Correction for incoming radiation proved to be necessary for both thermal and epithermal neutrons, for which we tested different neutron monitor stations and correction methods. Here, an estabilished approach worked best with the Jungfraujoch monitor in Switzerland, while more recent approaches were able to adequately rescale data from more remote neutron monitors. However, no approach was able to sufficiently remove the signal from a major Forbush decrease event on September 13th, to which thermal and epithermal neutrons showed a comparatively strong response. The buoy detector experiment provided a unique dataset for empirical testing of traditional and new theories on CRNS. It could serve as a local alternative to reference data from remote neutron monitors.
A data-driven approach to understanding esker morphogenesis
Authors: Dinney Meaghan , Brennand Tracy
Published: March 2024

Eskers are ubiquitous features on previously glaciated landscapes, recording the configuration and dynamics of the channelized meltwater system. Studies of esker composition and form have resulted in a variety of genetic interpretations surrounding the ice, water, and sediment characteristics under which they may develop. However, issues of apparent equifinality currently limit the usefulness of eskers for reconstructing broad-scale glacial hydrology. Although some authors have attempted to asses esker morphogenesis, previous studies are limited by their small sample size and/or use of qualitative morphometric indices.This project aims to explore whether eskers have a distinct morphogenetic signature using data science techniques. Published research has been mined for empirical studies of esker composition and structure. These data were compiled into a database summarizing the genetic interpretations commonly invoked for eskers (e.g., depositional environment, meltwater flow regime) as well as the supporting evidence for such inferences (e.g., sedimentary logs). Semi-automated methods will be tested to map eskers from high resolution (1-2 metres) LiDAR digital terrain models and to extract their morphometry. A range of planform- and profile-scale morphometric indices will be employed and new indices that can more precisely quantify esker morphometry will be developed.The resulting highly-dimensional dataset can be analyzed using machine learning techniques in order to assess the relationships between sedimentologic, morphometric, and genetic variables. Preliminary results from database development and analysis will be presented and methodological concerns will be discussed.
Emergency organization and State duty of prevention
Authors: Macchia Marco
Published: March 2024

Challenges and exceptional events of catastrophic proportions are becoming more and more frequent. Society tends to seek "security" as a value that reflects the natural and inalienable needs of the human person, the perfection of which is at the heart of the constitutional project of democratic coexistence. In response to this demand, the public authorities are called upon to satisfy this need for security as far as possible. According to Italian law, an emergency is in fact an event - which remains unpredictable - but which is possible and must be conceivable even in the normal course of things. The characteristics of the emergency organisation also change. It must be able to respond to a stressful and powerful input to which the system will react with a planned or temporary procedure to return to a state of equilibrium and monitor its evolution.
States are legally obligated to take the necessary measures to protect the life of persons subject to their jurisdiction. This must be interpreted as applying to any activity, public or otherwise, that may endanger the right to life. Hence, the public authorities have a responsibility to take preventive measures in the face of foreseeable natural hazards, including with a view to reducing their impact in order to decrease their catastrophic effects, failing which they are liable for not having done everything in their power to prevent the death of persons. This duty to prevent, which is a duty to take measures, consists in strengthening the State's capacity to deal with natural and destructive phenomena such as volcanic eruptions or earthquakes. Prevention involves organisational measures as well as land use planning and controlled urban development. The provision of appropriate structures and the drawing up of contingency plans serve to raise the awareness of citizens and operators, inform them of the risks, and are essential for the adequate administrative response of the bodies called upon to manage the emergency risk.
Potential impacts of cropland dynamics on farming developments in China by analyzing a fused crop production data
Authors: Liu Zhengjia
Published: March 2024

Based on the background of climate change and rapid population & land urbanization, we developed the theoretical hypothesis and questions. As we know, urban usually have good education, hospital and housing, so many rural people flow to urban and indirectly take away industry and property. So rural communities face many challenges, such as less people, land, industry and property at least. For climate change, challenges from flooding, drought, heat wave, lower temperature, and frost timing. And opportunities maybe from Increasing and northward accumulated annual temperature (AAT10), and lengthen the growing season. For urbanization, challenges from abandonment, and less cropping frequency. And opportunities maybe from well-facilitated farmland, land unified management, and intelligent agriculture. Rural revitalization and urban-rural integration are two good measures for rural development policy not only in China but in many global counties. Yet, how to catch the rural people and agro-workers' eye, and improve the food supply ability are important questions. We will show some recent study results about geo-spatial change of croplands and its impacts on farming developments in China over the past two decades in this congress.
Estimating the Distribution of Land-based Marine Debris and Risk Assessment to Sensitive Resources in an Estuarine Ecosystems with high river discharge in South Korea
Authors: Kim Choong-Ki , kim Gang Sun , Kim Junsung , Hong Hyunjung , Bang Ki-Young , Lee Seung-Hyun
Published: March 2024

Marine debris can be classified as either land or marine origin, with more than 8 million tons of land-based debris entering the ocean globally each year. Land-based debris enters estuaries and coasts in large quantities through river systems, which may cause water pollution, damage to aquatic and coastal ecosystems, and marine safety accidents. We applied an integrated approach linking watersheds, rivers, estuaries and oceans to investigate the transport processes of land-based debris into an estuarine ecosystem, and assessed their risk to sensitive resources in South Korea, a country with a monsoonal climate.Based on the time-series trash data collected at major dams, a model was developed to estimate the amount of land-based debris generated in the watershed. We found that land cover, hydrological characteristics, and socioeconomic factors of the watershed played an important role in the generation of land-based debris. Most of the land-based debris is vegetation wastes and plastics, which tends to be discharged through rivers during the monsoon season when rainfall intensity is high. A particle transport modeling was used to estimate the spread of land-based debris through rivers to the Geum-River estuarine system. The results showed a good agreement with the distribution of marine debris monitoring data. The Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs (InVEST)-Habitat Risk Assessment model was used to assess marine debris risk to sensitive resources in the estuarine ecosystems. The spatially explicit results of risk assessment provide key information to support marine debris management policies at the national and regional levels.Acknowledge: This research was a part of the project titled “Development of Smart Technology to Support the Collection and Management of Marine Debris” (grant number 20200594), funded by the Ministry of Ocean and Fisheries (Korea), supported by Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion. Also, this research was a part of the project titled “Establishing a smart response platform for marine accidents” (grant number 20220463), funded by the Korea Coast Guard, supported by Korea Institute of Marine Science & Technology Promotion. The project was implemented by the Korea Environment Institute (project 2024-007(R), project 2024-008(R)). 
Soil management using lignite to improve soil cracking properties and performance
Authors: Baghbani Nima , Bucka Franziska , Baumgartl Thomas
Published: March 2024

Incorporating Victorian brown coal (VBC) into the soil as a reliable amendment can markedly alter the hydraulic properties of the soil. A pivotal phenomenon influencing soil hydraulic parameters, particularly the soil permeability coefficient, is the extent of cracking and shrinkage observed during the drying process and consequent moisture loss. This study investigates the impact of incorporating VBC into clay and its influence on the two-dimensional cracking and shrinkage characteristics of the mixture. Various mixtures of brown coal from Latrobe valley in Victoria, Australia and clay, ranging from 2% to 20% brown coal content, were prepared and subjected to liquid limit and plastic limit tests. The samples were then readied for cracking and shrinkage assessments under liquid limit moisture conditions as an initial moisture content, featuring a sample diameter of 150 mm and a thickness of 10 mm. Results from the liquid limit tests demonstrated a decreasing trend in the liquid limit of the mixture with increasing brown coal content, registering values of 38.3%, 37.4%, 36.5%, 34.9%, and 32.9% for 0%, 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% brown coal mixtures, respectively. Plastic limit tests indicated a 1.7% reduction, decreasing from 20.6% to 18%.9, with the addition of 20% brown coal. Furthermore, cracking and shrinkage tests revealed a substantial reduction in the cracking index (cracking intensity factor, CIF) of the mixture upon the addition of brown coal, reaching zero for mixtures containing 5%, 10%, and 20% brown coal after exposure to a 45℃ temperature for 30 hours. Additionally, the shrinkage index (shrinkage intensity factor, SIF) decreased from 15.4% for the clay soil sample to 14.9%, 14.6%, 13.9%, and 13.1% for the 2%, 5%, 10%, and 20% brown coal mixtures, respectively. This underscores the positive influence of brown coal on mitigating soil cracking and shrinkage, emphasizing its significance in soil science research.
Wetland plant tissues as a hidden methane oxidation location?
Authors: Chen Cheng (Caroline)
Published: March 2024

Net methane (CH4) flux from coastal wetlands is an equilibrium product of methanogenesis by anerobic methanogenic microbes and methane oxidation by aerobic and anaerobic methanotrophic microbes. 75-95% of the methane produced is consumed by anaerobic methane oxidation in the deep, anoxic soil layers. Meanwhile, aerobic methane oxidation, which needs both oxygen (O2) and methane as substrates, occurs in the upper soil layer. Aerobic methanotrophy has mostly been studied in temperate grasslands. The well-aerated saltmarshes of the Wadden Sea coast might show a similar effect as such grasslands regarding methane consumption. However, this is a largely understudied process, since salt marshes are known for net methane emission rather than for net methane uptake. We hypothesize that (1) methane consumption vs. emission is driven by the oxygen concentration in the soil and is reflected in the ratio of methanotrophic vs. methanogenic microbes and (2) methane consumption occurs in the rhizosphere of salt marsh soil and in the plant tissue itself. A salt marsh plant-soil pot experiment will be conducted where S. anglica is exposed to different soil oxygen concentrations due to different hydrological conditions (5x waterlogged, 5x intermittently waterlogged, 5x drained), thereby triggering various methane dynamics. To determine methane consumption and emission, chamber measurements, using a MGGA Trace Gas Analyzer, will be performed regularly throughout the experiment. The ratio and location of methanotrophic to methanogenic microbes in the plant-soil system will be determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) using pmoA189-F/pmoA661-R (methanotrophic bacteria) and mlas-F/mcrA-R (methanogenic archaea) primer pairs. Further analysis will include 16S sequencing on extracted DNA and rRNA from soil and plant tissue to differentiate between the total and the active community, respectively. Results from a pre-study show net methane consumption in the drained pots while net methane emission was measured in the waterlogged pots. We attribute this effect to upregulated methanotrophic processes under oxic conditions, resulting in a higher methane oxidation rate. First results of qPCR reveal methanotrophic bacteria in the rhizosphere and within the plant stem, while methanogenic archaea were only detected in the soil. Our results suggest a previously overlooked role of plant stem associated methanotrophic microbess in salt marshes greenhouse gas dynamics.
From National Climate Scenarios to National Climate Information
Authors: McSweeney Carol , Lowe Jason , Mittal Neha
Published: March 2024

National Climate Scenarios provide a common basis for national risk assessment and adaptation planning. Recent examples include the UK’s UKCP18, the Netherlands’ KNMI23 and the Australian ‘Climate Change in Australia’ (2015).Advances in climate modelling approaches provide the potential for a step change in the quality, and type of national climate scenarios that will likely be produced over coming years. While these advances include improvements in the traditional approaches employed in the provision of future climate projections for adaptation planning (updated global model ensembles, various downscaling approaches including convective permitting regional projections, improvements in constraining model ensembles), developments in a wider range techniques are increasingly being used in the assessment of climate resilience. These include large initial-condition ensembles, event attribution, the exploration of ‘High Impact Low Likelihood’ (HILL) scenarios, as well as the potential to exploit enhanced skill in initialised seasonal and decadal forecasts.Here we will share what we are learning through parallel activities which seek to (a) develop our understanding of the needs of the diverse user community in the UK through an extensive user consultation to enhance usefulness and usability and (b) scope the opportunities emerging from the climate science community may have to address the gaps in existing information, and their readiness to contribute to a National Climate Information package.
Ground motions and geotechnical aspects of the Noto Peninsula earthquake, Japan
Authors: Goto Hiroyuki , Nakatsuji Ayaka , Huang Dongliang , Montoya-Noguera Silvana
Published: March 2024

The Noto Peninsula earthquake (MJ7.6, MW7.5) caused extensive damage to buildings and infrastructure in the Noto Peninsula located in the northern part of Ishikawa prefecture, Japan. The hypocenter was within the area of the earthquake swarm that started in 2020. However, the source fault bilaterally ruptured over a length of 150 km beyond this area. The main residential areas in Wajima, Suzu, and Anamizu are located almost above the western segment of the reverse fault. The geographical features of the Noto Peninsula pose significant challenges for aid and support, particularly due to embankment and soil failures that caused main road closure or limited access. This has led to increased traffic on the few accessible routes, further delaying the arrival of support. The situation has hindered the restoration of essential services such as water and sewage systems and has slowed down the process of demolishing buildings deemed dangerous.Valuable strong motions were observed during this event. The maximum Peak Ground Acceleration (PGA) in the horizontal component reaching 2.78g was recorded at the K-NET ISK006 station, a location known for significant site amplification around 0.2s. This value aligns with the dominant period in the Spectral Acceleration (Sa), thus the extreme PGA was probably due to the enhanced short-period component in the shallow soil amplification. In addition, K-NET ISK002 and ISK005 recorded large PGVs of 1.31 m/s and 1.59 m/s, respectively, and observed the remarkable Sa with 1.3g and 2.2g at T=1.0s, respectively, which are similar to the damage-prone record in the 1995 Kobe earthquake (JR Takatori record).In the main residential areas of Anamizu and Wajima, two seismic stations are operated. One is located on the stiff soil ground, and the other is located in zones where residential damage was most severe. In both Anamizu and Wajima, the records at the damage site were amplified in the periods of 1-4 s, suggesting that the residential damage is related to the site amplification. Since the spectral ratio of the weak motions shows the amplification at periods of less than 1s, the major reason for the amplification at periods of 1 to 4 seconds during the main event is due to the nonlinear response of the soil ground.
An open-source radar-based hail damage model for buildings and cars
Authors: Schmid Timo , Portmann Raphael , Villiger Leonie , Schröer Katharina , Bresch David N.
Published: March 2024

Abstract. Severe hailstorms result in substantial damage to buildings and vehicles, necessitating the quantification of associated risks. Here, we present a novel open-source hail damage model for buildings and cars based on single-polarization radar data and 250 000 geolocated hail damage reports in Switzerland from 2002 to 2021. To this end, we conduct a detailed evaluation of different radar-based hail intensity measures at 1 km resolution and find that the maximum expected severe hail size (MESHS) outperforms the other measures, despite a considerable false-alarm ratio. Asset-specific hail damage impact functions for buildings and cars are calibrated based on MESHS and incorporated into the open-source risk modelling platform CLIMADA. The model successfully estimates the correct order of magnitude for the number of damaged building in 91 %, their total cost in 77 %, the number of damaged vehicles in 74 %, and their total cost in 60 % of over 100 considered large hail events. We found considerable uncertainties in hail damage estimates, which are largely attributable to limitations of radar-based hail detection. Therefore, we explore the usage of crowdsourced hail reports and find substantially improved spatial representation of severe hail for individual events. By highlighting the potential and limitations of radar-based hail size estimates, particularly MESHS, and the utilization of an open-source risk modelling platform, this study represents a significant step towards addressing the gap in risk quantification associated with severe hail events in Switzerland.
La sensibilidad en la gestión urbana como constructor social del territorio.
Authors: Vaca Devia Janeth del Pilar
Published: March 2024

Este articulo reflexiona sobre la importancia de incluir la sensibilidad como componente fundamental de la gestión urbana en los territorio.
Incidencia de la educación superior colombiana en la calidad de los profesionales actuales.
Authors: Quiñones Bustos Jefferson Esteban
Published: March 2024

En la actualidad la educación superior en el país está enfrentada a los cambios sociales que implica una sociedad en constante crecimiento poblacional, al vertiginoso avance tecnológico de la década, a la transición en cuanto a procesos sociales como el posconflicto colombiano y a la creciente demanda educativa. Este ensayo presenta una reflexión sobre  la incidencia de la educación superior colombiana en la calidad de los profesionales actuales a partir del análisis del contexto actual presentado anteriormente. Además, este documento estudia algunas características que presenta la educación superior como lo son la actualización de los currículos, la aplicación de una normativa y la necesidad de cobertura. Lo anterior con el fin de determinar si esto es suficiente para incidir en la calidad profesional o si es necesario mejorar la concepción actual de la educación superior desde una perspectiva holística, es decir desde una mirada que integre a docentes, estudiantes y jóvenes profesionales en el marco del contexto social actual.
Vivienda tricolor. Porque somos una sola región.
Authors: Gutierrez Camelo Nestor Daniel
Published: March 2024

Vivienda Tricolor es un prototipo de vivienda que tiene en cuenta aspectos como la materialidad, el estilo tipo rural y las determinantes naturales del barrio La Nohora en Villavicencio, un territorio habitado por desplazados del conflicto armado en el departamento del Meta.
El Edén.
Authors: Melo Baquiro Johan Stiven
Published: March 2024

Este proyecto se ubica en un contexto rural, sobre un lago rodeado de un bosque; particularmente en un terreno con muy poco desnivel, facilitando las circulaciones rectas y continuas. El objetivo principal fue aprovechar al máximo las diferentes vistas que ofrece el lugar y la búsqueda tanto de la iluminación natural como de la pertenencia con el entorno a través de permanencias y semipermanencias.
PSYCHOLOGICAL REASONS FOR THE FAILURE OF PRIMARY SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   L.N.Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana city, Kazakhstan, Kenzhebayeva K.S.
Published: March 2024

Үлгермеушілік терминінің мағынасы оқушы дайындығының білім талаптарына сәйкес келмейтінін білдіреді. Психологиялық теориялардың әр түрлі түрлеуінде (модификациясында) таралған. Бұл тұрғыда зерттеудің психологиялық аспектілері ғана емес, сонымен қатар психологиялық факторларға ұшыраған сәтсіздік мәселелері туралы мәліметтер де қарастырылады. Оқушылардың оқу барысындағы үлгірім көрсеткіштері интеллектіге негізделеді. Интеллект – бұл зияттылық, парасаттылық деген ұғыммен тұжырымдалып жүр. Мектеп практикасында баланың оқу жетістігін интеллектіні өлшеу арқылы анықтауға болатындығы көрсетілген. Оқу барысында баланың интеллекттік қарқынды дамуы танымдық іс-әрекеттерді ұйымдастырумен қатар, Ж.Пиаженің генетикалық теориясы көрсеткендей тұқымқуалаушылықпен де түсіндіріледі. Қоршаған ортамен тұлға арасын бітістіруші іс-әрекет болып табылады. Интеллектінің дамуына сөз де, көрнекі бейне де өздігінен ешқандай әсер етпейді. Нақты заттарды белсенді манипуляциялау және зерттеу үшін тұлға өзі іс-әрекет жасауы керек. Белгілі кеңес ғалымы Л.С. Выготскийдің жоғары психикалық функцияның мәдени-тарихи теориясы шегінде интеллект мәселесі баланың ақыл-ой дамуы ретінде қарастырылады. Даралықтың әлеуметтіктен өсірілуі формасында дәлелденді. Бала дамуындағы іс-әрекеттің жетекші рөлін түсіну практика үшін маңызы зор. Тұлғаның ойлау әрекетінің ұйымдастырылу деңгейі қаншалықты жоғары болса, соғұрлым білім игеру мағынасы терең болады. Кез-келген іс-әрекеттің мақсаты тұлғада жан-жақты білім, білік дағдылармен қаруландыру болғандықтан интеллект дамуына шешуші ықпал етеді. Тұлға іс-әрекетте ақыл-әрекетінің көптеген тәсілдерін игеріп, ойлауға үйренеді. Оларда абстрактілі ойлау дамиды, интеллектте әрекет ету қабілеті, сонымен бірге таңбалық белгілік білім мазмұны құрылады. Нақты білімді игеру барысында ие болатын интеллекттік ептілік бағытталған психологиялық ықпал ету нәтижесі болып табылады.
FORMATION OF A CULTURE OF COMMUNICATION AMONG STUDENTS THROUGH NATIONAL EDUCATIONAL VALUES
Authors:   Turan University, Almaty city, Kazakhstan, Ermentaeva A.R.
Published: March 2024

Ұлттық құндылықтарға негізделген қарым-қатынас мәдениеті білім алушылардың саналы көзқарасын, ізгілікті қарым-қатынас орнатуына, рухани-адамгершілік құндылықтарының қалыптасуына, жүйелі іс-әрекет жасауына мүмкіндік береді. Ұлттық тәрбие құндылықтары негізінде білім алушылардың қарым-қатынас мәдениетін қалыптастыру – кәсіби даярлықтың аса маңызды бөлігі, сондықтан оны жоғары оқу орнындағы тұтас педагогшикалық үдерісте мақсатты түрде жүзеге асыру қажет. Қарым-қатынас мәдениетіндегі осындай көзқарастар кезеңінде зерттеулердің келесі қисынды кезеңі үдерісте қарым-қатынас мәдениетін дамыту болып табылады. Сондықтан, біз білім алушылардың қарым-қатынас мәдениетін ұлттық тәрбие құндылықтары негізінде қалыптасттыру жағдайын қарастырамыз. Білім алушылардың қарым-қатынас мәдениетін қалыптасттыру - бұл педагогикалық үдеріс. Олар қызметте бірлескен, ынтымақтастықпен, оның шығармашылығымен, мәдени мазмұнмен, қарым-қатынас ережелерін игеру әдістерімен сипатталады, ортада тұлғаның өзін-өзі дамытуына ықпал етеді. Білім беру үдерісінде тұлғалардың іс-әрекетіне бағытталған педагогикалық міндет білім алушылардың бойында ізгілік, құрмет көрсетуге, ұйымшылдықты, еңбексүйгіштікті, адамдық қадір-қасиетін тәрбиелеу болып табылады. Ұлттық құндылықтарға негізделген қарым-қатынас мәдениеті білім алушылардың саналы көзқарасын, ізгілікті қарым-қатынас орнатуына, рухани-адамгершілік құндылықтарының қалыптасуына, жүйелі іс-әрекет жасауына мүмкіндік береді. Ұлттық құндылықтарға негізделген қарым-қатынас – бұл жолдастық, достық пен ұлттық pyxты, сананы, сүйіспеншілік, адамгершілік табысқа жету және т.б адами қатынастардың құрудағы өзара әрекеттесуді қамтитын адами қатынастардың күрделі түрі. Жеке тұлға қарым-қатынас процесінде біреуге ұқсау, үлгі ету, өнеге алу, үйрену, ортақ сезімдес, сәйкестендіру арқылы қоғамдық және жеке сананы, эмоцияны, сезімді, мінез-құлық нормаларын көрсетудің формаларын меңгереді.
RUSSIA'S FOREIGN TRADE TRENDS UNDER SANCTIONS
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Narbut V.V. , Shpakovskaya E.P. ,   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation
Published: March 2024

The purpose of this study is to assess the development of Russia's foreign trade after the sanctions imposed. It has been found that the results of foreign economic activity in 2022 was an unprecedentedly high current account value of the balance of payments. Such aggregates as exports, imports, balance of goods and services had a key impact on this. It is revealed that the importance of the EU trade partnership for Russia has decreased, while the value of goods supplied to the EU has increased. The analysis reveals that the increase in the value of exports was influenced by two factors: a decline in the volume of shipments and an increase in the prices of major imported commodity groups. As trade relations with the EU countries are rapidly losing their importance for Russia, it started developing alternative ways of exchanging goods with other countries of the world.
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SCO REGIONAL CROSS-BORDER E-COMMERCE PLATFORM: TAKING THE PRACTICE OF THE CHINA-SCO LOCAL ECONOMIC COOPERATION DEMONSTRATION ZONE AS AN EXAMPLE
Authors:   China National Institute for SCO International Exchange and Judicial Cooperation, Yanyan Ren , Siliu Cai ,   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law
Published: March 2024

Cross-border e-commerce is an important channel for trade cooperation in the SCO region, and is of great importance for trade development and facilitation within the SCO. Currently a unified regional cross-border e-commerce platform has not yet been formed in the SCO region. There are certain logistical and transport shortcomings in the region, the level of industrial parks needs to be improved, the mechanism of customs supervision is still imperfect, and the lack of market regulation limits cross-border trade. Facilitation development factors impede the further development of cross-border e-commerce within the SCO. This article considers the development of cross-border e-commerce in the SCO Local Economic and Trade Cooperation Demonstration Zone as a starting point, study the development of cross-border e-commerce in the SCO region, analyze the problems that exist in this sphere, and finally relevant proposals to the SCO management to facilitate the regional cross-border e-commerce platform were developed.
BANK OF RUSSIA IN 2022: PERFORMANCE RESULTS, EXPECTED RISKS AND ANTI-CRISIS MEASURES
Authors:   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Andryushin S.A. , Sviridov A.P. ,   Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Published: March 2024

This article considered the Bank of Russia results within the target mandates for 2022. The risks of the policy of fiscal dominance, financial instability and price volatility are analised. It is substantiated that these risks hinder the transition of the Russian economy and its financial sector to new forms of business organization in the country. In conclusion, a package of anti-crisis measures to increase the independence of the monetary policy of the Bank of Russia is proposed.
Improvement of Balance, Coordination Related to Gait by Different Circuit Training Program in Patient with Wallenberg Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Kadam Vidya
Published: March 2024

Objective: To determine the effect of different balance training protocol to improve the Wallenberg syndrome and its symptoms.
Design: Case study pre and post intervention design.
Patient: A 38-year-old women presenting the symptoms of the nausea and vomiting at the initial days of diagnosis after few days she complaint towards the improper balance and coordination. Gait speed was reduced gradually and she was taking the maximum support while walking.
Intervention, we assessed the inclusion criteria based on the assessment and the rehabilitation was started. The main focus was towards the balance and coordination improvement along with the gait speed. The total 8-week protocol was given. At the initial days the strengthening for upper and lower limb was focused. Later, the balance training, star excursion exercises, circuit gait training, treadmill training were given. After the 8 weeks the re-assessment was performed for the gait, balance and coordination.
Results: After the intervention for balance, coordination and gait the patient shown the improvement. She was walking without support and managing the all ADLs by herself. Follow up was done after the 1 month, improvement was present accordingly.
Conclusions: The circuit training, balance training and the treadmill training were effective in the Wallenberg syndrome to improve the gait, coordination and balance. Activities of daily living were shown the much improvement in the patients.

Key words: Wallenberg syndrome, lateral medullary syndrome, balance, coordination, gait, physiotherapy, rehabilitation, stroke.
Effectiveness of Kinetic Sand Therapy in Improving Hand Functions in Post-Surgical Distal Radial Fracture Rehabilitation: A Case Study
Authors: Kashyap Divya , Sandilya Abhishek Kumar , Upadhyay Shiv
Published: March 2024

This case study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of kinetic sand therapy in improving hand function during postsurgical rehabilitation of distal radial fractures. Distal radial fractures are common injuries that often result in impaired hand function postoperatively. Traditional rehabilitation methods focus on restoring range of motion and strength, but these methods may not adequately address the accompanying sensory and proprioceptive deficits. Kinetic sand therapy, a novel intervention, offers a tactile and proprioceptive approach for rehabilitation. The Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (DASH) questionnaire was used as an outcome measure to assess improvements in hand function. This case study presents the rehabilitation process and outcomes of a patient undergoing kinetic sand therapy following surgical treatment of distal radial fractures.

Key words: Kinetic sand therapy, distal radial fracture, hand function, rehabilitation, Disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Studies of Perifocal Zone of Brain Gliomas (a Literature Review)
Authors: Zakharova N. E. , Batalov A. I. , Pogosbekyan E. L. , Goryaynov S. A. , Fadeeva L. M. , Bykanov A. E. , Tyurina A. N. , Chekhonin I. V. , Galstyan S. A. , Pronin I. N. , Usachev D. Yu.
Published: March 2024

This review provides insight into application of modern MRI modalities including diffusion kurtosis imaging in assessment of perifocal glioma zone. Differentiation of “pure” perifocal vasogenic edema from edema infiltrated by glioma cells, as well as identification of peritumoral intact (on conventional MRI) brain matter infiltration make it possible to determine glial tumor borders more accurately. Analysis of diffusion and perfusion quantitative MR data allow determining glioma borders in areas with unaltered blood-brain barrier. There is a growing possibility to develop a personalized navigation algorithm for surgical removal of the tumor, followed by the determination of an individual plan for radiation and chemotherapy, as well as prediction of disease outcomes.
The Use Of Artificial Intelligence (Ai) For Radiation Risk Assessment In Abdominal Ct Scan
Authors: Alotaibi Saud Awadh Saud , Sumaylah Saad Muhammad Saad Al , Almheani Rashed Abdullah Rashed , Qahtani Khalid Sarhan Mohammed Al , Aldoghalbi Mohamed Senhat Naser , Otaibi Fahad Metlaa Awad Al
Published: March 2024

The use of artificial intelligence (AI) in radiation risk assessment for abdominal CT scans is rapidly evolving field that holds great promise for improving patient outcomes and reducing unnecessary exposure to ionizing radiation. This essay explores the current state of AI technology in context of radiation risk assessment, highlighting the potential benefits and challenges of integrating AI into clinical practice. By employing AI algorithms to analyze and interpret imaging data, radiologists can more accurately assess radiation risks associated with abdominal CT scans, leading to better-informed decisions about patient care. The utilization of AI in radiation risk assessment has the potential to revolutionize the field of radiology, offering a more personalized approach to patient care and ultimately improving patient outcomes.