bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PODEMOS APRENDER COM A CONCEPÇÃO DE “SAÚDE DA ALMA” DE PLATÃO E A DE EPICURO?
Authors: Reis Maria Dulce
Published: February 2022

A filosofia de Platão e a filosofia de Epicuro florescem em contextos históricos distintos. Por terem abordado a “saúde da alma (psykhé)” em textos que herdamos, buscaremos explicitar o significado filosófico de saúde da alma apresentado por esses dois Filósofos. Em diálogos como República, Timeu e As Leis, Platão faz uma correlação entre Psicologia, Ética e Política e demonstra que, por meio da educação de cidadãos e governantes, do direcionamento de cada um dos três princípios da psykhé humana (apetitivo, irascível, racional) ao estado de excelência na alma, a virtude pode ser conquistada, o que será designado como saúde tanto para o indivíduo, como para a vida ético-política. Em um de seus textos, Carta a Meneceu, Epicuro propôs uma terapêutica para a saúde da alma, um exercício de tomada de consciência das várias afecções psíquicas para a aquisição do autodomínio e da boa capacidade de agir. Em ambos os Filósofos, o exercício do discernimento sobre as causas (racionais e irracionais) de nossas escolhas é condição para a conquista de um estado de saúde, equilíbrio, resistência. Pensar com os gregos, nesse momento histórico de pandemia e crise, é identificar como reagimos diante de tal realidade e como podemos agir diante dela.
CONSIDERACIONES EN TORNO AL DELITO DE CLONACIÓN
Authors: De Miguel Beriain Iñigo , Armaza Armaza Emilio José
Published: February 2022

En el presente trabajo se analizan algunos problemas interpretativos que giran en torno al delito de clonación previsto en el artículo 161.2 del CP español. Se examina, críticamente, su escasa consistencia y la ambigüedad de su literalidad, ofreciendo, a cambio, alguna sugerencia de mejora. Por otra parte, se analizan, también críticamente, las dos principales propuestas doctrinales en relación con la identificación del bien jurídico tutelado y se ofrecen nuevas propuestas con el fin de alentar el debate y, con ello, el progreso del saber penal.
A CULTURA DO CUIDADO COMO EXCLUDENTE DA RELAÇÃO DE TRABALHO
Authors: Esteves Juliana Teixeira , Bitu Tieta Tenório de Andrade , Gurgel Vitor Gomes Dantas
Published: February 2022

O texto desenvolve-se sobre as imbricações entre trabalho e gênero no contexto da sociedade patriarcal que insiste em manter, embora não revele, a desvalorização das profissões do cuidado (care). Através de pesquisa documental e análise qualitativa, partindo-se do reconhecimento da fundamentalidade do trabalho do cuidado, questiona-se a difícil superação da invisibilidade do trabalho feminino e a sua regulamentação em tempos de avanços tecnológicos capazes de mitigar o esforço e obliterar obrigações impostas ocultadas nas relações de trabalho entre os gêneros. Analisando casos concretos, bem como por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica, reconheceu-se a necessidade de absorção das propostas feministas no sentido de criar uma alternativa à estrutura patriarcal que perpetua a desigualdade socioeconômica que aqui se comprovou ser recepcionada pelo direito.
O ATIVISMO JUDICIAL E SUA VALIDADE NO ÂMBITO DO ESTADO DEMOCRÁTICO DE DIREITO
Authors: Messias Ewerton , Cateli Rosa André
Published: February 2022

The actual article aims to analyze the validity of judicial activism within the scope of the Democratic State of Law under the bias of the Systems Theory. For that purpose, the following aspects will be investigated: the distinction between society, system, communication, programming and coding; the luhmannian theory and its systems; the evolution of systems and the and the communicative forms of propagation; the time according to Luhmann, the conception of a systemic unity and the existence of autonomous branches of the law, and the distinction between judicial activism, motivated free conviction of the judge and judicial pro-activity and the risk to the Democratic State of Law in the face of an eventual dictatorship of the judiciary. In order to obtain the results intended by this research, the method of approach to be followed will be the empirico-dialectic, making use of a bibliographic and legislative research, having as a background a reference system based on the linguistic turnaround, represented by the Logical Semantic Constructivism taken from Paulo de Barros Carvalho. In conclusion, it is demonstrated that judicial activism does not have validity within the Democratic State of Law, if it is based on the theoretical framework adopted here.
Rechtstheorie
Authors: Reimer Philipp
Published: February 2022

Ziel der „Rechtstheorie“ ist es, auf den Rechtsstoff neue und andere Perspektiven einzunehmen und Überliefertes in Frage zu stellen. Das Lehrbuch bietet in dreizehn aufeinander aufbauenden Kapiteln einen Pfad hin zu diesen neuen Perspektiven. Dabei wird eine eigene Sicht (eine normativistische und positivistische Rechtstheorie) erkennbar, die es erlaubt, eine Rechtsordnung auf eine bestimmte Art hin theoretisch zu analysieren. Wenn Sie es durchgearbeitet haben, kennen Sie bereits eine ganze Reihe von rechtstheoretischen Fragen, Problemen und Weichenstellungen. Am Schluss jedes Kapitels sind weiterführende Hinweise aufgenommen, insbesondere zu der ursprünglichen Herkunft der präsentierten Ideen.
Quo Vadis, Europäische Union?
Authors: auf dem Keller Alexander
Published: February 2022

The European Union is unique among international organisations. The level of interdependence between the member states and the EU exceeds all previously known forms of cooperation. Since the member states have only delegated certain competences to the EU and have otherwise retained their sovereignty, the further development of the EU must be pursued in a coordinated and prudent manner. In particular, the future organisational form of the EU has not been settled. Proponents and opponents of a European federal state have an almost unmanageable "battlefield" in this respect. This work undertakes an in-depth analysis and attempts to answer the complicated question of the finality of the EU based on the model of the federal state.
Die Ausgabe neuer Aktien
Authors: Bärnreuther Max
Published: February 2022

The success of equity and debt financing of a stock corporation depends largely on the extent to which equity and debt investors are protected against the dangers caused by the issuance of new shares. Against this background, this volume examines the economic dangers to which investors, shareholders, and lenders are exposed when new shares are issued, as well as those legal instruments that can provide protection against these dangers. It critically compares the different protection systems on the basis of the criteria of protective purpose, protective effect, scope of protection and system-immanent conflict of interest.
A RESPONSE OF THE "RESERVOIR-WELL" SYSTEM TO DISTANT EARTHQUAKES
Authors: Gorbunova E. M. , Besedina A. N. , Sanina I. A. , Konstantinovskaya N. L.
Published: February 2022

The results of joint processing of hydrogeological and seismic data obtained at the Large-Scale Research Facilities "Mid-Latitude Geophysical Observation Complex "Mikhnevo" for a 12-year observation period are presented in the article. Responses of the "reservoir-well" system to the passage of seismic waves from distant earthquakes with magnitudes of 6.3-9.0, recorded at the epicentral distances from 1863 to 16507 km, have been identified in the database. Maximum values of groundwater level variations and ground velocity under seismic impact have been determined. The power-law dependence of the levels amplitudes of confined and weakly confined aquifers on the maximum vertical ground velocity has been established. A spectral analysis of 6-hour intervals (3 hours before and 3 hours after earthquakes) of seismic and hydrogeological data was performed. The frequencies corresponding to the maximum values of ground velocity and groundwater level variations were determined in the normalized spectra. The intervals within which the extremes of the hydrogeological responses are traced at background values of the ground velocity are identified in the low-frequency range. The amplitude-frequency characteristics of the "reservoir-well" systems differ under seismic impacts at epicentral distances up to 4901 km. The responses of the systems to earthquakes at epicentral distances of 11024-14026 km are similar.
Validity of Platelet to Lymphocyte Ratio and Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio in Diagnosing Early-onset Neonatal Sepsis in Full-term Newborns
Authors: Mahmoud Nagwa Mohamed Sabry , Abdelhakeem Mohammed , Mohamed Hadir Haroun Ahmed , Baheeg Gamal
Published: February 2022

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and platelet to lymphocyte ratio (PLR) as diagnostic adjunct tests for early-onset neonatal sepsis (EOS). Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 80 full-term neonates with confirmed EOS and 80 healthy newborns. All examinations were done 24 hours after birth. Neonatal sepsis (NS) was characterized as a positive blood culture with symptoms of infection. Positive diagnostic indicators, including I/T ratio > 0.2, total leukocytes [WBCs] of either 5109/L or > 15109/L, thrombocytopenia [150,000/mm3], CRP > 1 mg/dL, and procalcitonin >0.5 ng/mL were considered as NS. Results: As the predictors of EOS, the sensitivity of NLR and PLR was 67% and 70%, and their specificity was 99% and 73%, respectively. Also, positive predictive value (PPV) of NLR and PLR was 98% and 72%, respectively. We found a weak correlation between platelets and sepsis, Strong correlation between WBCs and PLR with sepsis, and a moderate correlation among the ratio of immature to total neutrophil counts (I/T ratio), all of which were significant. Besides, concerning NLR with sepsis, we found an inverse correlation between lymphocytes and sepsis. Conclusions: PLR and NLR are important predictive markers for EOS (PPV of NLR and PLR was 98% and 72%, respectively). Moreover, leukocytosis, thrombocytopenia, high c-reactive protein (CRP), high procalcitonin, and positive blood culture were correlated with the risk of NS. NLR and PLR showed more specificity than CRP and procalcitonin.
Socio-economic achievements of the first Peronism: 1946-1952
Authors: Larda Angeliki
Published: February 2022

Peronism is one of the most conflictive issues in Argentina's history, still generating contrary positions and heated debates. It is impossible to ignore Peronism as one of the counterparts of Argentina's political culture and it is essential to understand it to achieve full knowledge of the twentieth century's Argentina. One of the characteristics of Peronism is the integration and mobilization of popular sectors previously absent from the political scene. By broadening the support base, incorporating industrialists or landowners, encouraging mass unionism and re-organizing the State, Peronism becomes a populist movement. The purpose of this paper is to study Juan Peron's first presidency between 1946 and 1952, focusing on the outcome of his economic and social policies implemented in Argentina.
Theory of Freytag's pyramide and its applicability to modern literature
Authors: Petrović Miomir
Published: February 2022

Since the beginings, the theater has been often used for expressions of philosophical thought in the form of direct dialog. With theatrical positions it must be concluded that the theater often plays a part stands for para-theater operations and assigned to the limit when it became unclear whether this is a theater in general. However, the debate "for" or "against" engaged theater looks today more than out of place, since both have a clear opinion confirming the history of theater. If we look at the numerous theories of drama from a wider perspective, the perspective of the media, we immediately see that the theater aesthetics rests on the principles of mass communication, collective perceptions, interactions of the world scene and world audience and evoking event theater professionals cannot speak and not to talk, simultaniosly, about the world, society, the collective. It is clear that the dramatic literature has directly or indirectly involved, the nature of its invoices and creative means of expression.
Spinal stabilization of pathological fractures in metastatic disease in distant segments: A case report
Authors: Stojadinović Ivan , Milošević Jelena , Vlajović Srđan , Jovanović Zoran , Prodanović Nikola , Todorović Dušan
Published: February 2022

About 2/3 of malignant tumors develop metastases. The skeletal system is the third most common site of metastases, of which the spine takes the first place in terms of prevalence. Skeletal metastases can occur in all types of malignant tumors, and the breast is one of the most common localizations. Treatment of vertebral fractures can be non-operative and operative. Although numerous studies have shown the benefits of both non-operative and operative treatments, depending on the situation, several of them have recommended a surgical approach as a better way to preserve the patient's mobility. The patient contacted a spinal surgeon due to back pain when she was diagnosed with a pathological fracture of the 7th cervical and 12th thoracic vertebrae. Both fractures were operatively treated, in two time intervals. Given the advances in the treatment of malignant diseases, more people with spinal metastases live today than ever before in history. Patients with unstable pathological fractures are treated surgically, while patients who have stable fractures without dislocations can be treated only with chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The presentation of this patient showed how pathologically unstable vertebral fractures were treated on several levels. Operational approaches were as different as operational techniques. After the surgical treatment and an early rehabilitation, there was a significant improvement in the clinical picture and quality of life of the patient.
Strategic marketing in the field of higher education
Authors: Gligorijević Mirjana , Janičić Radmila
Published: February 2022

The topic of this paper is theoretical and practical aspect of strategic marketing in the field of higher education. In the paper is emphasized that the first and the most important step in strategic marketing in universities' education is strategic analysis, with models for analysis of global education's market place. Implementation of marketing strategies in development of universities get new approaches, according to trends on global universities market place. Strategic control is important step in strategic development of universities institutions, through point out on gaps in process of implementation of marketing strategies. The goal of the paper is to define modern approach of strategic marketing in positioning of universities institutions in global environment and digital environment. The key hypothesis in the paper is that strategic marketing present's platform for development and positioning of the universities. In the paper are present results of the in - depth interviews with professors at the universities in the region, and analysis of good examples at the universities education. The results of the paper have scientific, professional and social contributions. Scientific contributions of the paper is in development models of strategic marketing in universities education. Social contributions of the paper is development of the most important social field, education.
Natural catastrophe risk management
Authors: Doganjić Jelena , Paunović Marija
Published: February 2022

Insurance and reinsurance are among the key forms of financial protection against catastrophic events. In modern times, probabilistic models have become increasingly important for assessing the risk of natural disasters, and are used to create insurance and reinsurance services intended to protect citizens, legal entities, as well as the state budget and local governments. Alternative forms of natural catastrophe reinsurance related to the securities market can also significantly help improve the market for (re) insurance against natural catastrophes.
Identities and Organisations. Evaluating the Personality Traits of Clients in Two Danish Rehabilitation Organizations
Authors: Mik-Meyer Nanna
Published: February 2022

This article explores how the guidelines for personality assessments in two Danish rehabilitation organizations influence the actual evaluation of clients. The analysis shows how staff members produce institutional identities corresponding to organizational categories, which very often have little or no relevance for the clients evaluated. The goal of the article is to demonstrate how the institutional complex that frames the work of the organizations produces the client types pertaining to that organization. The rehabilitation organizations’ local history, legislation, along with the structural features of the labour market and social work result in a number of contradictions that make it difficult to deliver client-centred care. According to the staff, this is one of the most important aims of “good” social work.
The Researcher's Role: An Ethical Dimension
Authors: Postholm May Britt , Madsen Janne
Published: February 2022

Different paradigms or perspectives function as the point of departure and framework for research. In this article ethical issues in the positivist and constructivist paradigms are presented. The article points out that more or less the same ethical codes are used in these paradigms, but with some nuanced interpretations. CHAT (cultural historical activity theory) is presented as a third paradigm. While conducting research, one intention within this paradigm is to change and improve practice. This means that the researcher and the research participants during the research process together set the goals for the work and try to change practice en route to these goals. The relation between the researcher and the research participants is different than in the other two presented paradigms. This means that research in the CHAT paradigm also needs to be guided by different ethical codes. The purpose of this article is to show how some of the traditional ethical codes which direct research both in the positivist and constructivist paradigm change and are also inadequate in the CHAT paradigm. The article presents and discusses ethical codes that challenge the researchers’ communicative, social and knowledge competence.
A Cultural-Historical Interpretation of Resilience: the implications for practice
Authors: Edwards Anne , Apostolov Apostol
Published: February 2022

Recent attempts at preventing the social exclusion of vulnerable children in England have been driven by notions of resilience which centre primarily on changing children so that they may be better able to cope with adversity. Drawing on the concepts of Cultural Historical Activity Theory (CHAT), we suggest that the idea of resilience should be expanded to include developing a capacity to act on and reshape the social conditions of one’s development. We use evidence from two studies of practices in recent re-configurations of children’s services in England to examine whether practitioners are seeing resilience in these terms. We present examples of work which embody these views but suggest that they are not easily incorporated into practices where expertise is centred on care and clear communication. The care and communication model of practice reflects the emphases given to evolutionary notions of child development while a CHAT view of resilience reflects Vygotsky’s concerns with a dialectic between individuals and the social situations of their development.
STS goes to school: Spatial imaginaries of technology, knowledge and presence
Authors: Sørensen Estrid
Published: February 2022

The following text presents a revised and extended version of the public defence of my Ph.D. thesis, which I presented at the Faculty of Social Sciences on 18th November 2005, Copenhagen University. The thesis applies and develops theoretical perspectives from Science and Technology Studies – especially Actor-Network Theory – on the empirical field of primary education. This field has not prior been approached by these theories. Based on ethnographic field studies the thesis presents and compares what I call spatial imaginaries of interactions of humans and learning materials in a traditional classroom and in a computer lab. The study describes and discusses the forms of knowledge and the forms of presence performed through these socio-material interactions. The study thus contributes a definition of materialities that takes the understanding of technology in education beyond the dominant humanist approach to schooling.
Budowanie odporności: zachowywanie „ruin traumatycznych” w miastach = Developing resilience: the preservation of cities’ “traumatic ruins”
Authors: Le Blanc Antoine
Published: February 2022

The analysis in this paper revolves around sites associated with conflict, memory and memorialisation, as it seeks to evaluate ruined cityscapes, and hence non-functional buildings or parts thereof that almost by definition ought to be unwelcome in most cities, given the premium put there on production and traffic density and efficiency. But ruins do serve functions in a city, giving material shape to urban memories, thus conveying a social and political message, sometimes with great impact. This paper resorts to the adjective “traumatic” as it refers to ruins arising out of catastrophic events such as bombings, and thus differing markedly from counterparts developing as a slow process of degradation continues. The latter ruins are valued for their age, the former for their historicity. In most cases, pain experienced has combined with a will to rebuild to prompt stakeholders to cancel or liquidate traces of the disaster occurring, with preservation of ruins mostly only taking place where local authorities take conscious, and often much-disputed decisions (Sauvageot, 1995). Such difficult decisions have at times been explained in terms of the political benefit accruing where continued staging in regard to catastrophes is possible, but also in relation to a will to see ruins preserved as a kind of preventative tool.” Traumatic ruins” may indeed represent real urban scars reminding a local population steadily and/ or repeatedly of disaster. On the other hand, memorabilia of this kind are sometimes presented as if they were “medals of merit on a community’s chest” (Sauvageot, 1995), and they can also be considered a necessary step in the direction of risk consciousness and the constituting of a risk culture. In other words, the preservation of the traumatic mark a disaster or catastrophe has left can be a tool giving effect to urban resilience, since an urban system integrates the trauma involved, rather than cancelling it, with the open purpose of risk being mitigated (Jackson, 2005). This specific process can be called a proactive form of resilience (Vale and Campanella, 2005). However, such an instrument of risk management entails major urban-planning issues. Should ruins be preserved as traces of history and as tools by which remembrance and risk prevention can be achieved, or should the trauma experienced be erased, with urban functionality also restored? And if a massive ruined element is to be retained in urban space, how is that to be integrated? Ultimately, many municipalities in a whole host of countries have decided to preserve the ruins left after tragic events have ensued. This has entailed the setting of specific standards as regards restoration and management, with various aesthetic and technical choices made, and criteria as regards access and presentation applied. In any case, it is argued that the preservation of ruins may come down to the political exploitation of a disaster, with all that that may denote.
Interculturalité des situations de handicap : de la désignation à la reconnaissance
Authors: Piérart Geneviève , Arneton Mélissa
Published: February 2022

Alterstice propose, depuis 10 ans maintenant, un espace inédit de production scientifique répondant à des questions socialement vives liées à la prise en compte de la diversité inter-individuelle, sociale et sociétale. Le présent numéro thématique est lié à la création en 2017 d’un axe thématique au sein de l’Association internationale pour la recherche interculturelle (ARIC). Ce réseau a permis à des chercheurs et chercheuses d’organiser des symposiums interrogeant le handicap, l’intersectionnalité et les manières dont les travaux menés dans les courants plus mainstream prennent en compte ou non la dimension interculturelle pour étudier le changement de paradigme du handicap. Quinze ans après le lancement de la Convention internationale des droits des personnes handicapées (CDPH), qui marque une volonté sociétale de renouvellement du vivre-ensemble au niveau international ainsi qu’au niveau national pour les pays l’ayant ratifiée, que révèlent les travaux scientifiques menés dans une perspective interculturelle ?

Après une introduction des notions de situation de handicap et interculturalité qui renvoient également à des processus de désignation, qui peuvent ou non être croisés et confrontés dans l’analyse scientifique, sont présentées les contributions réunies dans ce numéro. Dans une perspective pluridisciplinaire, différents angles relatifs à la diversité des représentations du handicap et aux enjeux qu’elle soulève dans les situations de contacts entre cultures sont abordés.
Quelles sont les alternatives au placement en institution des enfants en situation de handicap dans un contexte post-soviétique ? Enjeux d’une évaluation participative en contexte interculturel
Authors: Ekoli Margot , Piérart Geneviève , Richard Nina , Masse Manon
Published: February 2022

Durant la période communiste, les enfants en situation de handicap des pays d’URSS étaient souvent abandonnés par leur famille dans des internats d’État, où ils subissaient de graves négligences. Après la chute de l’URSS, des projets proposant des alternatives au placement ont émergé. Une évaluation de trois projets soutenus par une ONG internationale, le BICE, a été réalisée par une équipe de recherche suisse dans trois pays ayant récemment ratifié la Convention relative aux droits des personnes handicapées : le Kazakhstan, la Russie et la Géorgie. Ces projets s’adressent à des enfants présentant une déficience intellectuelle. La recherche évaluative est le fruit d’une co-construction entre les partenaires impliqués dans les projets et les expertes responsables du mandat. Cinq thèmes d’analyse ont guidé l’évaluation : les enfants, les familles, les intervenants, la communauté et les perspectives du projet. Cet article présente les résultats de la recherche ainsi qu’une analyse des enjeux liés à la réalisation d’une évaluation en contexte interculturel. Les trois projets ont permis un meilleur accompagnement des enfants en situation de handicap que celui promu par le modèle institutionnel. Ils peuvent servir de modèles de bonnes pratiques à un niveau national et international. Toutefois, le manque d’appui de la part de l’État s’avère être un frein à leur développement. Le besoin de légitimation des projets par l’intermédiaire d’une expertise internationale peut, malgré les précautions prises pour éviter une évaluation ethnocentrée, contribuer au risque d’imposer une certaine vision du handicap qui ne tienne pas compte des spécificités locales.
Diseñar y ser cliente/a a la vez: autoencargos y proyectos personales
Authors:   Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, Massaguer Lluc
Published: February 2022

¿Por qué nos puede interesar diseñar proyectos personales, propios, autoiniciados, autoencargos o como los queramos denominar? O, dicho de otro modo, ¿qué nos puede llevar a vestirnos de diseñador o diseñadora, de cliente y del resto de papeles del auca que hay en el proceso de diseño? Muchos estudiantes que acaban los estudios de diseño se preguntan «¿Y ahora qué hago, si tengo poca experiencia y pocos proyectos en el portafolio?». Pues bien, uno de los caminos que podemos tomar es el del autoencargo.
Coding of chromatic spatial contrast by macaque V1 neurons
Authors: De Abhishek , Horwitz Gregory D
Published: February 2022

Color perception relies on comparisons between adjacent lights, but how the brain performs these comparisons is poorly understood. To elucidate the underlying mechanisms, we recorded spiking responses of individual V1 neurons in macaque monkeys to pairs of stimuli within the classical receptive field (RF). We estimated the spatial-chromatic RF of each neuron and then presented customized colored edges using a closed-loop technique. We found that many double-opponent (DO) cells, which have spatially and chromatically opponent RFs, responded to chromatic contrast as a weighted sum, akin to how other V1 neurons responded to luminance contrast. Yet other neurons integrated chromatic signals nonlinearly, confirming that linear signal integration is not an obligate property of V1 neurons. The functional similarity of cone-opponent DO cells and cone non-opponent simple cells suggests that these two groups may share a common underlying circuitry, promotes the construction of image-computable models for full-color image representation, and sheds new light on V1 complex cells.
Multiple motors cooperate to establish and maintain acentrosomal spindle bipolarity in C. elegans oocyte meiosis
Authors: Cavin-Meza Gabriel , Kwan Michelle M , Wignall Sarah M
Published: February 2022

While centrosomes organize spindle poles during mitosis, oocyte meiosis can occur in their absence. Spindles in human oocytes frequently fail to maintain bipolarity and consequently undergo chromosome segregation errors, making it important to understand the mechanisms that promote acentrosomal spindle stability. To this end, we have optimized the auxin-inducible degron system in Caenorhabditis elegans to remove the factors from pre-formed oocyte spindles within minutes and assess the effects on spindle structure. This approach revealed that dynein is required to maintain the integrity of acentrosomal poles; removal of dynein from bipolar spindles caused pole splaying, and when coupled with a monopolar spindle induced by depletion of the kinesin-12 motor KLP-18, dynein depletion led to a complete dissolution of the monopole. Surprisingly, we went on to discover that following monopole disruption, individual chromosomes were able to reorganize local microtubules and re-establish a miniature bipolar spindle that mediated chromosome segregation. This revealed the existence of redundant microtubule sorting forces that are undetectable when KLP-18 and dynein are active. We found that the kinesin-5 family motor BMK-1 provides this force, uncovering the first evidence that kinesin-5 contributes to C. elegans meiotic spindle organization. Altogether, our studies have revealed how multiple motors are working synchronously to establish and maintain bipolarity in the absence of centrosomes.
Carbon isotope discrimination and the factors affecting it in a summer maize field under different tillage systems
Authors: Cui Jichao , Han Huifang
Published: February 2022

Based on two years of field experiments, under different soil tillage methods and straw management practices, which included conventional tillage (CT), subsoiling (SS), rotary tillage (RT), and no-tillage (NT), combined with either straw return (S) or straw removal (0), we characterized the dynamic changes in Δ13C among three height layers [upper (U, 240 cm above the ground), middle (M, 120 cm above the ground), and lower (L, 30 cm above the ground)] of the summer maize canopy. The Δ13C, the factors affecting it, and the relationships between Δ13C and soil water content (SWC), the leaf area index (LAI), canopy microclimate, and the CO2 concentration were elucidated. The results indicated that the Δ13C of summer maize at the pre-filling stage was greater than that at the post-filling stage. Δ13C also varied at different heights, with the order of the Δ13C values being L > U > M. Among the different tillage methods, the Δ13C values were ordered SSS > CTS > RTS > NTS. SSS and NTS significantly increased the LAI; air temperature and relative humidity tended to gradually decrease with the increase in height of summer maize. Correlation analyses of the various influencing factors and Δ13C showed that SWC, LAI, air temperature, and CO2 concentration were all positively correlated with Δ13C, in which LAI and air temperature were significantly or extremely significantly positively correlated with Δ13C. In addition, we show that Δ13C can be used as a prediction index for summer maize yield, providing a theoretical basis for future yield research that may save precious time in summer maize breeding efforts.
A Case of Dengue Co-infection with Microfilaria
Authors: Sarika K , Anbukkarasi K , Sudha M Sai , Lilly Mary
Published: February 2022

Filariasis is one of the leading causes of long term and permanent disability worldwide. One of the main problem of the disease is that it remains dormant for years but the person is still capable of transmitting the infection to others. Over the past few years dengue has emerged as a rapidly growing and widespread public health problem, with more than half of the world’s population and countries at risk. Majority of cases are subclinical i.e., they are asymptomatic or present with mild flu-like symptoms which are often misdiagnosed as acute febrile illness leading to delay of treatment. Here, authors report a case of 20-year-old male, presented with continuous high grade fever for three days associated with severe headache and generalised body pain. On examination, patient was febrile and all vitals were normal. Laboratory results showed thrombocytopenia, increased haematocrit and peripheral smear findings showed leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and eosinophilia with microfilaria. Hence, this is a case of incidental finding of concurrent infection of dengue with microfilaria.
MU-Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) Gene Polymorphism and its Association with Alcohol Dependence: A Single Centre Study from Southern India
Authors: Suresh Navina , Kantipudi Suvarna Jyothi , Sandhya K , Ramanathan Sathianathan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Asn40Asp Opioid Receptor (OPRM1) polymorphism of the MU-OPRM1 gene has been widely studied with regard to its association with alcohol dependence however results have been conflicting with evidence of ethnicity mediated effects. Aim: To examine the association between OPRM1 polymorphism and alcohol dependence in patients of South Indian ethnicity. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Department of Psychiatry, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, from November 2018 to May 2019. Cross-sectional assessments and peripheral venous blood genotyping were done in 50 male South Indian participants attending a tertiary care psychiatric setting. Clinical parameters such as severity of dependence and craving were assessed in addition to the subject’s OPRM1 genotype. The data collected was analysed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 39.62±8.50 years. This study showed a statistically significant association between alcohol dependence and the OPRM1 polymorphism Asn40Asp among the study subjects (p-value <0.05). Furthermore, there was a higher than expected prevalence of the polymorphism of 86% among patients. However, there was no significant association between the polymorphism and clinical phenotypes such as severity of dependence or craving. Conclusion: This study indicates a possible role of OPRM1 polymorphism in alcohol dependence in South Indian patients and warrants further research with larger sample sizes. The association if replicated will shed light on aspects of aetiopathogenesis as well as have implications on treatment.
Evaluation of Serum Nesfatin-1 Levels in Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and Estimating Its Correlation with Body Mass Index and Clinico-metabolic Profile
Authors: Makhija Nidhi , Tayade Surekha
Published: February 2022

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a diverse condition marked by irregular menstruation, hyperandrogenism, and recurrent anovulation. An incidence of 6% to 20% of PCOS in women of reproductive age has been reported. Nesfatin-1 is a potent anorexigenic peptide having antihyperglycemic effects and is associated with energy balance and homeostasis, glucose metabolism, obesity, and probably gonadal functions. Nesfatin-1 is related to obesity, insulin resistance, and appetite. Nesfatin-1 is associated with insulin resistance, body mass index, diabetic inflammatory stimulation, hypertension, and PCOS. This study aims to evaluate the serum Nesfatin-1 levels in women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome and correlate with Body Mass Index, clinical and metabolic profile.

Materials and Methods: This will be a prospective Hospital-based observational study conducted at  AVBRH in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. A total of 96 women of reproductive age (15-45 years) will be enrolled. Detailed history of the menstrual cycle, obstetric history, background, medical and family history, and any primary care and inquiries will be documented. The general and systemic examination will be done to note any clinical evidence of hyperandrogenisms like acne, alopecia, acanthosis nigricans or hirsutism. The Ferriman-Gallwey Score (FGS) will be calculated. The ELISA method will be used for the calculation of N1. Serum Nesfatin-1 values will be correlated with clinical and metabolic profiles divided in the lean versus obese PCOS group. Data will be entered into a predetermined, pretested proforma and analyzed with appropriate statistical tests.

Expected Results: The levels of Serum Nesfatin in PCOS patients are expected to be abnormal. We will measure sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value, and efficacy. We will analyze the difference of results between lean PCOS and Obese PCOS and association with the clinico-metabolic profile.
Efficacy of Task Oriented Training vs. Group Circuit Training Programme to Improve Functional Mobility in Children with Cerebral Palsy
Authors: Bhandaru Sashikala , Neelima Dasari , Neelam Shazia , Swathi Saina , Senthil P.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Cerebral palsy (CP) refers to a group of non-progressive neurological disorders that appear in infancy or early childhood. Since CP in children causes structural and functional changes in the neuromusculoskeletal system they are mostly presented with motor disorders, sensory disturbances which leads to impairment in functional mobility, several physical rehabilitation techniques benefited the children with CP in improving their physical health and mental wellbeing. The aim of the study is to analyse the effectiveness of group circuit training and task oriented training on functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy.

Materials and Methods: This study design is a comparative study design and was done in physiotherapy OP department in KGH hospital, RK mission cerebral palsy clinic in Visakhapatnam. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria a study sample of 30 subjects was selected. The subjects were allocated into two groups through random sampling method, group A(n=15) received Task oriented training along with conventional physiotherapy, and group B(n=15) received circuit training along with conventional physiotherapy 3 sessions/week for 5 weeks for 30-40 minutes. Functional mobility was assessed by using the outcome measures GMFM 88 scale and TUG test.

Results: The findings of the study revealed improved clinical outcomes in both groups. There was a statistical significance difference between the circuit training group and task oriented training in all the outcome variables at (P<0.05).

Conclusion: The study concluded that there was improvement in functional mobility in both groups. However the task oriented training was more effective than circuit training in improving the functional mobility in children with cerebral palsy.
Study on Acalculous Cholecystitis in Critically Ill Patients
Authors: Krishmitha P. , Devasir Divyan
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Acute acalculous cholecystitis (AAC) may be a serious complication of critical illness. We evaluated the underlying diseases, clinical and diagnostic features, the severity of associated organ failures, and the outcome of operatively treated AAC during a mixed ICU patient population.

Aim: To study acalculous cholecystitis in critically ill patients with given data.

Methods: The data of all ICU patients who had operatively confirmed AAC during their ICU stay between 1 January 2021 and 31 July 2021 were collected from the hospital records and the intensive care unit's data management system for further analysis.

Results: Two hundred and eighteen cases of acute cholecystitis with complete charts were available for analysis. The study group included 67 critically ill patients with ASA 3 and 4, while the control group included 150 fit patients with ASA 1 and 2. Both groups were comparable with regard to preoperative data. Histopathology confirmed severe cholecystitis in a significant number of cases in the study group compared to the control group. Significantly higher rates of morbidity and mortality were recorded in the study group. Equally, significantly more patients from the study group were managed in the ICU.

Conclusion: Acute acalculous cholecystitis was associated with severe illness, infection, long ICU stay, and multiple organ failure. Mortality was related to the degree of organ failure. Prompt diagnosis and active treatment of AAC are often life-saving in these patients.
A Cross Sectional Study on Knowledge, Attitude and Perception of Uterine Fibroids among Women with Fibroids Attending a Tertiary Health Care Centre in Chennai, India
Authors: Sowmithra V. K. , Jayarakkini A.
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Fibroids are the most common benign neoplasms of the reproductive age group. Both hormonal and genetic factors contribute to the etiology. Only 20%-50% of women affected with fibroids, exhibit symptoms. The management strategies are usually individualized based on patient desires and presenting complaints. The aim of this study is to assess the knowledge, attitude and perception of uterine fibroids among women with fibroids.

Methodology: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among the patients of Saveetha Medical College and Hospital. Through convenient sampling, 164 patients were selected. The Data was compiled and analyzed in MS Excel.

Results: Although 95.73 percent of respondents lack knowledge about uterine fibroids, their attitude toward management is astounding. However, perception of 92.68% of women on fibroids is dissatisfactory.

Conclusion: Various counselling programs have to be imparted to create awareness among women on fibroids.
Desіgn anԁ Evаluаtіon of Olаnzаpіne anԁ Rіsperіԁone Trаnsԁermаl Pаtches Contаіnіng Vegetаble Oіls as Permeаtіon Enhаncers
Authors: Lal Bharat , Gadewar Manoj
Published: February 2022

Objective: Desіgn anԁ Evаluаtіon of Olаnzаpіne anԁ Rіsperіԁone Trаnsԁermаl Pаtches

Methodology: Usіng blenԁs of two ԁіfferent polymerіc combіnаtіons, Euԁrаgіt RL 100 (ERL 100) аnԁ Euԁrаgіt (ERS 100). А totаl of twenty-two mаtrіx pаtches were prepаreԁ by usіng these polymers, surfаctаnts (cаtіonіc surfаctаnt, benzаlkonіum chlorіԁe (BC); аnіonіc surfаctаnt, soԁіum lаuryl sulphаte (SLS); non-іonіc surfаctаnt, spаn 20) аnԁ vegetаble oіls (olіve oіl, jojobа oіl аnԁ grounԁnut oіl) аs permeаtіon enhаncers іn іsopropаnol-ԁіchloromethаne (60:40) аs а solvent system. The formulаtіons were chаrаcterіzeԁіncluԁіng unіformіty of weіght, ԁrug content, moіsture content, moіsture uptаke, flаtness, folԁіng enԁurаnce аnԁ thіckness to stuԁy the stаbіlіty of the formulаtіons аnԁіn vіtro ԁіssolutіon of the experіmentаl formulаtіons were performeԁ to ԁetermіne the аmount of Olаnzаpіne аnԁ Rіsperіԁone present іn the pаtches аnԁ scаnnіng electron mіcroscopy (SEM) of the prepаreԁ TԁԁS were tаken to see the ԁrug ԁіstrіbutіon pаttern. ԁrug–excіpіent іnterаctіon stuԁіes were cаrrіeԁ out usіng Fourіer trаnsform іnfrаreԁ (FTІR) spectroscopіc technіque.

Results: Іn vіtro ԁіssolutіon stuԁіes showeԁ thаt the ԁrug ԁіstrіbutіon іn the mаtrіx wаs homogeneous аnԁ іt wаs founԁ thаt the mаxіmum ԁrug releаse аnԁ іn stаbіlіty stuԁy ԁrug content wаs founԁ to be 97.03%, 97.02% аnԁ 96.32% аfter 1, 2 аnԁ 3 months respectіvely wіth formulаtіon ROE3 (contаіnіng olіve oіl). Іn vіtro skіn permeаtіon stuԁy wаs аlso conԁucteԁ іn а moԁіfіeԁ Frаnz's ԁіffusіon cell whіch shows thаt the mаxіmum permeаtіon wаs wіth the formulаtіon ROE3 аnԁ іt wаs mаxіmum trаnsԁermаl flux 23.14 μg/cm2/h wаs obtаіneԁ wіth formulаtіon contаіnіng olіve oіl аs permeаtіon enhаncer respectіvely.

Conclusions: Optіmіzeԁ formulаtіons were founԁ to be suіtаble for formulаtіng іn terms of physіcochemіcаl chаrаcterіstіcs аnԁ there wаs no sіgnіfіcаnt іnterаctіon notіceԁ between the ԁrug аnԁ polymers useԁ.
Study of Effectiveness of Outsourcing in Different Functional Areas of Hospital by Using Cramer’s V Co-efficient
Authors: Tirkey Sudhir , Mishra Debraj , Mahalik Dr.D.K
Published: February 2022

In this era of global cut-throat competition, organizations explore new managerial approach to edge over their competitors by resorting to different innovative strategies like outsourcing, which is being increasingly approached because of its appealing character. Given the role of providing a broad range but complex range services, many of which are brought from a host of organizations, health care are the most fertile ground for outsourcing. Over last few decades outsourcing has ingrained into vast functions of health care starting with allied then to non-core and now even to near core activates. The days are not far, when even the core activities of health care will be open for outsourcing in line with the concept of virtual company in other service sector. In this study an attempt has been made to find out the effectiveness of outsourcing in different activates of hospital sector.
Constructing Structurally Ordered High‐Entropy Alloy Nanoparticles on Nitrogen‐Rich Mesoporous Carbon Nanosheets for High‐Performance Oxygen Reduction
Authors: Zhu Guihua , Jiang Ying , Yang Haoyu , Wang Haifeng , Fang Yuan , Wang Lei , Xie Meng , Qiu Pengpeng , Luo Wei
Published: February 2022

Recent efforts have observed nanoscaled chemical short‐range order in bulk high‐entropy alloys (HEAs). Simultaneously inspired with the nanostructuring technology, HEA nanoparticles (NPs) with complete chemical order may be achieved. Herein, structurally ordered HEA (OHEA) NPs are constructed on a novel 2D nitrogen‐rich mesoporous carbon sandwich framework (OHEA‐mNC) by combining a ligand‐assisted interfacial assembly with NH3 annealing. Characterization results show that the resultant materials possess an ultrathin 2D nanosheet structure with large mesopores (≈10 nm), where structurally ordered HEA NPs with an L12 phase are homogeneously dispersed. The atom‐resolved chemical analyses explicitly determine the location of each atomic site. When being evaluated for the oxygen reduction reaction, the OHEA‐mNC NPs afford a greatly enhanced catalytic performance, including a large half‐wave potential (0.90 eV) and a high durability (0.01 V decay after 10 000 cycles) compared with the disordered HEA and commercial Pt/C catalysts. The excellent performance is attributed to the enhanced mass transfer rate, improved electron conductivity, and the presence of the stable chemically ordered HEA phase, as revealed by both the experimental results and theoretical calculation. This study suggests a highly feasible process to achieve structurally ordered HEA NPs with advanced mesoporous function in the electrochemical field.