bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALKBH5 modulates m6A modification to enhance acute myeloid leukemia resistance to adriamycin
Authors: Liu Yonghua , Jiang Jinhong , Zeng Yuxiao , Jiang Yu
Published: October 2024

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a fatal malignancy with rising incidence and low cure rates. This study aims to investigate the effect of alkB homolog 5 (ALKBH5)-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification on adriamycin (ADR) resistance in AML. First, the levels of ALKBH5, taurine upregulated 1 (TUG1), YTH N6-methyladenosine RNA binding protein F2 (YTHDF2), euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2 (EHMT2), and SH3 domain-binding glutamate-rich protein-like (SH3BGRL) were measured. IC50 values, cell proliferation, and apoptosis were determined. m6A levels were analyzed, and the binding interactions between TUG1 and YTHDF2, as well as TUG1 and EHMT2, were assessed. The stability of TUG1 and the enrichment of EHMT2 and H3K9me2 on the SH3BGRL promoter were confirmed. In vivo experiments were conducted to further validate the results. The findings revealed that ALKBH5 was overexpressed in both AML- and ADR-resistant cells, and silencing ALKBH5 reduced the ADR resistance of AML cells. ALKBH5 removed m6A modifications from TUG1, disrupting the interaction between YTHDF2 and TUG1, thereby stabilizing TUG1 expression. TUG1 bound to EHMT2, promoting H3K9me2 modification on the SH3BGRL promoter and suppressing SH3BGRL expression. Overexpression of TUG1 or knockdown of SH3BGRL reversed the suppressive effect of ALKBH5 knockdown on ADR resistance. In vivo, ALKBH5 knockdown inhibited ADR resistance in AML cells. In conclusion, ALKBH5 removed m6A modification to stabilize TUG1 expression in a YTHDF2-dependent manner, enhancing H3K9me2 levels on the SH3BGRL promoter and suppressing SH3BGRL expression, thus promoting ADR resistance in AML cells.
Hsa_circ_0001492 regulates the hsa-miR-145-5p/ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen domain 2 axis to promote the progression of lung adenocarcinoma
Authors: He Yuanqiang , Li Gang , Fu Ran , Li Yue , Wang Ying
Published: October 2024

Circular RNA (circRNA) has been proven to be a key regulator in a range of tumor illnesses, such as lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD); however, the regulatory mechanisms of circRNA remain unclear. In this study, circRNA (hsa_circ_0001492) in LUAD was examined for its regulatory and functional potential. qRT-PCR was used to assess the hsa_circ_0001492 level in LUAD. The RNAse R digestion test was employed to isolate hsa_circ_0001492. The primary location of hsa_circ_0001492 enrichment in LUAD cells was identified through a nucleoplasmic separation test. LUAD cell migration, proliferation, and spherogenicity were examined using wound healing, transwell, EdU, and cell spherogenicity assays. The association between miR-145-5p and hsa_circ_0001492/ovarian carcinoma immunoreactive antigen domain 2 (OCIAD2) was validated using a dual luciferase experiment. The interaction between sh-hsa_circ_0001492 and miR-145-5p was confirmed through an RNA pull-down assay. The effects of hsa_circ_0001492, miR-145-5p, and OCIAD2 on LUAD tumor development were examined using xenograft mouse models and immunohistochemistry tests. Results showed a higher amount of hsa_circ_0001492 in LUAD. The cytoplasm of LUAD cells was observed in the area where hsa_circ_0001492 mainly accumulated; hsa_circ_0001492 enhanced LUAD cell migration, proliferation, and sphere-forming ability. MiR-145-5p and OCIAD2 were identified as targets of hsa_circ_0001492 and miR-145-5p, respectively. The level of OCIAD2 was increased by hsa_circ_0001492 through targeted binding to miR-145-5p. In nude mice, tumor growth was inhibited by silencing hsa_circ_0001492, while knockdown of miR-145-5p and overexpression of OCIAD2 promoted the growth of LUAD tumors. In conclusion, hsa_circ_0001492 regulates the hsa-miR-145-5p/OCIAD2 axis to promote the progression of LUAD, and could be a useful target for the diagnosis and treatment of LUAD.
Physical Training Methods to Improve the Physical Condition Components of Elite Taekwondo Athletes in The Kyorugi Category: A Systematic Review
Authors: Fachrezzy Fahmy , Maslikah Uzizatun , Hermawan Iwan , Jariono Gatot , Nugroho Haris , Syahruddin
Published: October 2024

Objectives. The study aimed to provide a systematic review of physical training methods to improve the physical condition components of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category.
Materials and methods. An extensive literature assessment of earlier research was carried out. The objective was to examine articles published between 2020 and 2024 that describe strategies for improving the physical condition component of taekwondo athletes. The electronic search was conducted using Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus. The articles that addressed methods for enhancing physical condition through exercise were compiled.
Results.  Sixty publications used training approaches to enhance the physical condition component of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. Based on the physical state that is assessed and improved, items are categorized. Among the physical training methods that can be applied in the Taekwondo category of kyorugi are plyometric training, circuit training methods, speed, agility, and quickness (SAQ) training; strength training, endurance training, flexibility training, reaction training, power training, coordination training, balance training, resistance training, and functional training.
Conclusions. After thorough analysis, several training techniques have been shown to be effective in enhancing the physical attributes of elite taekwondo athletes in the kyorugi category. These attributes include flexibility, response, strength, power, coordination, agility, speed, balance, and VO₂max.
MANEJO DE MOLARES PERMANENTES HIPOMINERALIZADOS POR MEIO DE DUAS TÉCNICAS: ESTUDO DE CASO
Authors: Côrtes Tatiana da Silva Alves , Pinto Adriana Beatriz Silveira , Dutra André Luiz Tannus , Carvalhal Cintia Iara Oda , Rosseti Daleyane Moreira , Prestes Gimol Benchimol de Resende , Sarmento Naelka
Published: October 2024

A hipomineralização molar-incisivo (HMI) é um defeito de desenvolvimento do esmalte dentário que afeta um ou mais dos quatro primeiros molares permanentes, às vezes em conjunto com os incisivos permanentes, sendo caracterizado por alteração de cor e maior suscetibilidade à fratura e à cárie. Do ponto de vista histológico, essa condição resulta de uma alteração na deposição de minerais pelos ameloblastos durante a fase de maturação do esmalte, um processo que ocorre desde o terceiro trimestre de gestação até os 3 anos de idade nos primeiros molares e incisivos permanentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi comparar duas opções de tratamento disponíveis e discutir sua aplicabilidade em primeiros molares superiores apresentando ampla destruição e com envolvimento da dentina.  A escolha da opção terapêutica levou em consideração a facilidade de execução da técnica, aspecto comportamental da paciente, sensibilidade pré, trans e pós-operatória, custo, extensão e severidade da lesão. No dente 16 realizou-se a técnica de Hall, por meio da utilização de coroa de aço – NuSmile, cimentada com ionômero de vidro para cimentação Meron C – Voco, e para o dente 26, optou-se pela realização de restauração atraumática (ART) e instalação de banda ortodôntica, utilizando cimento de ionômero de vidro restaurador Riva Light Cure – SDI. Ambas as técnicas foram efetivas, contudo, a banda ortodôntica foi de execução mais fácil e custo menor, além de apresentar menor desconforto após instalação.
Apoio social de adolescentes na atenção primária à saúde: protocolo de revisão de escopo
Authors: Cavalcante Stephanie Vanessa Penafort Martins , Pureza Demilto Yamaguchi da , Calandrini Tatiana Do Socorro Dos Santos , Alves Valdecyr Herdy , Silva Marlucilena Pinheiro da , Rodrigues Diego Pereira
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Mapear a rede de apoio social e comunitária de adolescentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). Método: Revisão de escopo, atendendo a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) e checklist do Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Tem como pergunta de revisão: Como dar-se-á a rede de apoio social e comunitária de adolescentes na Atenção Primária à Saúde? A busca preliminar foi realizada nas bases de dados Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde, Web of Science e Scopus. Finalizada a busca nas demais bases, os estudos serão agrupados no software Rayyan e as duplicatas serão removidas. As citações selecionadas serão avaliadas, seguindo os critérios de inclusão, por dois revisores independentes. Espera-se ampliar o conhecimento acerca da rede de apoio social e comunitária de adolescentes, auxiliando em estratégias de enfrentamento voltadas para este público na APS, considerando os condicionantes sociais às quais estejam sendo expostos.
RESEARCH OFTHE POSSIBILITIES OF STRUCTURED ANALYTICAL METHODS IN INTELLIGENCE INFORMATION WORK
Authors:   Odesa Military Academy, Odesa, Ukraine, Maksimenko Yu.A. , Mamich V.V. ,   Odesa Military Academy, Odesa, Ukraine, Didyk V.O. ,   Odesa Military Academy, Odesa, Ukraine, Sharshatkin D.Y. ,   Odesa Military Academy, Odesa, Ukraine, Korol D.A. ,   Odesa Military Academy, Odesa, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

Structured analytical methods are an integral component for all analytical specialists who seek to introduce transparency, scientificity into their daily analytical work, provide justification for making intelligence decisions and avoid surprises. Good analysis and foresight means that we constantly need to question ourselves. These studies show us how to do this in a structured and systematic way. They are easy to use, practice-oriented and convince even skeptics of the need to use structured technologies. The structured analytical methods explored in the work stimulate the imagination, raise the level of demandingness, and are applied to solving complex intelligence problems, as well as other areas that require significant analysis. This is a new, expanded study and a must-have resource for daily use by any serious intelligence analyst. The work noted that despite the intensive study and criticism of intelligence information work, little attention was traditionally paid to the analysis of intelligence activities. Most assessments tend to focus on issues such as covert foreign operations and covert activities, perhaps because they align more easily with popular perceptions of the intelligence world, but analysis has perhaps never been a more important part of the profession or needed by intelligence officers. Compared to the bipolar dynamics of the Cold War, in this new world the threat of underdeveloped states, spreading dangers, regional crises, rising powers and dangerous non-state actors is looming. Of course, there are valuable secrets to be discovered by intelligence - things to know and discover. But this world is also rich with mysteries related to the future course of events and the intentions of key actors. Such things are unlikely to be illuminated by a single piece of classified intelligence; these are necessarily topics for analysis.
SOCIO-CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE GENDER STRUCTURE OF THE MILITARY SPHERE: DOMESTIC AND FOREIGN EXPERIENCE
Authors:   State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification, Cherkasy, Ukraine, Hermanenko L.M. , Shynkarenko O.M. ,   State Scientific Research Institute of Armament and Military Equipment Testing and Certification, Cherkasy, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

Gender integration both in the field of national security and defense, as well as its global development trends, which depend on the traditions, culture and political priorities of each state are examine in the article. Implementation of the gender equality principle and the mechanism of its provision in the Ukrainian army requires taking into account not only the world experience of military feminization, but also the possibility of its practical application, taking into account the realities of modern war. The socio-cultural approach to the implementation of gender policy in the military sphere involves the achievement of gender parity in accordance with the existing socio-cultural guidelines in society in order to ensure equal conditions for the exercise of rights and opportunities for the armed protection of the state by representatives of both sexes without restrictions associated with rigidly fixed gender roles. Equality between women and men is considered a human rights issue and a necessary condition for Ukraine's full membership in the Alliance, which cannot be achieved without proper representation of various social and gender groups in the power structures. According to the results of the conducted research, it was found that during the military operations since 2014, the gender composition of the Ukrainian army has changed significantly - the number of women in the army has almost tripled, and it continues to increase. There are also positive dynamics regarding gender stereotypes in society, increasing the level of social awareness and gender competence of military personnel. The analysis of the requirements of the normative legal acts proved that women in Ukraine have relatively equal rights and duties, but at the same time certain signs of gender imbalance, characteristic of the Ukrainian society as a whole, remain in the army. In this regard, the efforts of the government and society to form an effective gender policy in the field of defense should be aimed at minimizing the manifestations of discrimination based on gender in the Ukrainian army, which requires the development of effective administrative and legal means to eradicate gender stereotypes, the implementation of relevant legislative initiatives, the search for innovative approaches to the formation and implementation of gender policy in the Armed Forces of Ukraine with the aim of reducing the gap between declarative and real implementation of gender equality and its adaptation in accordance with the specific needs of the defense sector.
Comparisons between Spectral Density Matrix Based Six-Degree-of-Freedom and Traditional One-Degree-of-Freedom Vibration Specification Development for a Common Large Cargo Truck Bed
Authors: Hale Michael T. , Barber William , Porter Jesse
Published: October 2024

As multiple degree-of-freedom excitation systems continue to evolve and become standard hardware in many dynamic test facilities, there continues to be a lag in the development of associated spectral density based vibration specifications. The following discussion is centered on the development of a six-degree-of-freedom spectral density matrix based vibration specification and various comparisons to traditional single-degree-of-freedom, combined three-degree-of-freedom, and synthesized six-degree-of-freedom specification results, all computed from a common set of field data and assumptions of a common mission scenario. Laboratory test results and general observations are presented.
Using Tillandsia usneoides as Biomonitor for Toxic Metals in the Air of Guanajuato's Tunnel Network
Authors: Brito Elcia Margareth Souza , Zarate-Santoyo Pedro Antonio , Caretta César Augusto , Lino Adan Santos , Valerdi-Negreros Júlio César , Torres João Paulo Machado , Malm Olaf
Published: October 2024

Guanajuato town is an important touristic center of Mexico, and one of its main attractions is its tunnel network (subterranean streets). In this work the air quality inside this tunnel network was evaluated using samples of Tillandsia usneoides as a biomonitor. Twenty-one plastic passive samplers, containing 50 g of plants each, were installed at different points of this tunnel network. In addition, surface layer of the tunnel walls, close to the plant sampling sites, were collected. Estimates for the enrichment factor, using Fe as reference and standard metal crustal data, suggest that the origin of the suspended metals is probably geogenic for Cr, a mix for Cu, and anthropogenic for Zn and Hg. It is important to emphasize that the Guanajuato’s tunnel network is used both by pedestrians and vehicular traffic and, probably, the last one is acting as the main source for toxic elements for the tunnel’s air.
Environmental Education and Sustainability in the Brazilian High School: To Raise Awareness is to Commit to Life
Authors: Fernandes Cassia , Santos Jaciel , Muniz Irles , Miranda Mayker
Published: October 2024

Environmental Education (EE) is an essential theme that must be addressed broadly and effectively in High School. Brazilian High School students are aware of environmental issues that devastate the country they live in. Thus, the Base Nacional Comum Curricular (BNCC) is a mandatory document whose norms guide and define common learning results of curricula in all public and private schools in Brazil. Therefore, this study aimed at analyzing how EE was inserted into the latest version of the High School BNCC. It is an exploratory study which analyzed documents and bibliographic sources. Regarding its methodology, key words connected to EE and to promotion of sustainability in High School were used for the search in the document. After data issued by the BNCC were analyzed, we perceived that EE is briefly inserted in the document; as a result, it is neither taught nor practiced as it should be. Since EE is generically treated and poorly addressed, it does not contribute to a broad, transversal and integrative approach. Teaching EE and sustainability in High School is an important step to achieve legally established goals, go beyond theories and, mainly, put into practice speeches given by the Brazilian public management.
A case report of congenital cystic adenomatous malformation of the lung type II in a two-month-old infant associated with complications
Authors: Polchaninov Andrey I. , Gantsgorn Elena V. , Baloyan Artur A. , Malleev Ibragim M. , Manvelyan Roland M.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: Cystic adenomatous malformation of the lung (CAML), or congenital airway malformation, is a relatively rare birth defect. This condition is difficult to diagnose both in the antenatal and postnatal periods. The relevance of the problem of diagnosing CAML is demonstrated by the clinical case identified in the postnatal period.
CLINICAL CASE DESCRIPTION: This article discusses a case report of CAML in a child. From the age of two months, the disease manifested as monthly episodes of respiratory infections complicated by bronchitis, bronchial obstruction syndrome, and a single case of community-acquired bilateral polysegmental pneumonia, which led to the initiation of multicomponent conservative pharmacotherapy prior to surgery.
CONCLUSION: This case report illustrates the importance of early diagnosis of CAML. Considering that in most cases this is the patient’s first visit to a pediatrician, there is no doubt that primary care pediatricians need to be aware of this condition in order to refer the patient to a specialist as soon as possible for proper diagnosis and treatment.
Who is the pike in the Czech political pond? Or the Conceptual Metaphor POLITICS IS A POND in Czech Political Discourse
Authors: Rycheva Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

In this article, the author analyzes the conceptual metaphors politics is a pond, a politician is a carp and a politician is a pike in Czech political discourse. The investigation is based on the theory of conceptual metaphor and follows the principles of ethnolinguistics and cognitive linguistics. The author shows how the specific features of these conceptual metaphors relate to the Czech linguistic worldview and proposes metaphorical mapping that conveys salient features of the target domain (politics and politicians). The conceptual metaphor politics is a pond helps the speaker to depict a problematic domestic political situation that needs to be changed. The metaphors a politician is a carp and a politician is a pike are usually used to create the “friend-foe” opposition in political discourse. The conceptual metaphor a politician is a carp discloses the passivity and laziness of politicians and their inability or unwillingness to change the current situation. On the other hand, the conceptual metaphor a politician is a pike can be used to indicate both the positive qualities of a politician (activity, energy, initiative) and the negative ones (greed, selfishness, cruelty). The use of culturally specific conceptual metaphors allows a politician to establish close contact with the audience to increase the number of loyal voters.
Autocracy in Lithuanian Language and Culture
Authors: Smetoniene Irena , Smetona Marius
Published: October 2024

In this article, the concept of autocracy in Lithuanian discourse is analyzed using the method developed by the Lublin School of Ethnolinguistics. The focus on the concept of autocracy stems from the observation that, when asked to name antonyms for the word democracy, students most commonly mention autocracy and authoritarianism. Lithuanian lexicographical sources and the General Lithuanian Encyclopaedia provide the most general meaning of autocracy without offering any evaluation or comparison with other forms of government. While young people and media writers often compare autocracy with other forms of government, such as dictatorship or tyranny, they tend to highlight both its positive and negative characteristics. Even indirect comparisons, both in surveys and media texts, reveal nuanced aspects of democracy (such as unity, protection of human liberties and rights, participation in the governance of the state, and control of elected power) and shades of meaning associated with autocracy (including fear, suppression civil rights, disregard for the public or the community, and division). While it can be argued that, in general, democracy is viewed positively by Lithuanians, both surveys and media texts indicate a lack of consensus. There is a noticeable tendency to view autocracy positively and democracy negatively, suggesting a longing for strong leadership and perhaps a sense of uncertainty about how to handle the freedoms offered by democracy. The S–Q–T (System – Questionnaires – Text) analysis reveals that autocracy is perceived as a form of government, the opposite of democracy, representing the dominance of one person in the affairs of a society or community rather than a value.
The Human Soul in Today’s World. Two Perspectives: Wisława Szymborska’s and Olga Tokarczuk’s, and their Translocation in Translation
Authors: Gicala Agnieszka
Published: October 2024

The article offers an analysis of the linguistic-cultural concept of dusza/soul present in two literary works by contemporary Polish Nobel-Prize winners, as well as in their translations to English: Wisława Szymborska’s poem Trochę o duszy and Olga Tokarczuk’s story Zgubiona dusza. Their English translations are, respectively: A Few Words on the Soul (trans. Stanisław Barańczak and Clare Cavanagh) and The Lost Soul (trans. Antonia Lloyd-Jones). Alternative translation attempts by BA translation students at the University of National Education Commission in Kraków are also discussed. The two texts share the idea that today’s world, with its haste, attention deficit, and consumerism, is not a friendly place for the human soul. In their search for the human soul, both authors prompt similar solutions: a person must return to a small world of their own, or their inner reality, far from fast progress and globalisation. The present analysis takes a cognitive-ethnolinguistic perspective and begins by considering the entity named dusza in Polish and soul in English as cultural-linguistic concepts, tracing the similarities and differences conventionalised in the two languages, and thus the status of those concepts in the respective linguistic worldviews. This leads to an interpretation of Szymborska’s poem and Tokarczuk’s story as non-standard, individual, literary realisations of the standard worldview shared by the community of speakers of Polish. In this context, the English translations can be viewed as records documenting the transfer of the Polish concept of dusza to a new cultural-linguistic location. This approach is grounded in the idea of culture as an iceberg, where individual texts are viewed as expressions of an underlying cultural content.
Homeland in 16th-century Biblical Translations from the Territory of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania
Authors: Kozhinowa Alla
Published: October 2024

The article presents an analysis of the concept of homeland in 16th-c. Biblical translations produced on the territory of Poland (the late period of the Jagiellonian dynasty and early Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth) and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. Those include translations into Polish: the Catholic Leopolita Bible (1561) and the Jakub Wujek Bible (1599), the Protestant Radziwiłł or Brest Bible (1563), the Arian translation by Symon Budny (the Nesvizh Bible) (1572), as well as into Church Slavonic: the Ostrog Bible (1580–1581) or a hybrid translation by Francis Skaryna (1517–1519). It is argued that despite religious and linguistic differences, Biblical translations reveal a large number of similarities. Based on the analysis of these similarities, it can be assumed that the 16th century was a turning point in the development of the concept of homeland, and its formation in the modern understanding was influenced, in different ways, by both the New and the Old Testament.
The Image of Water among the Hausa through the Lens of Selected Containers
Authors: Will Izabela Barbara
Published: October 2024

The paper focuses on cultural categorization of water in Hausa based on names of three water containers: a bottle, a sachet, and a container called buta. The main part of the paper concerns the analysis of collocations, metaphors, and fixed phrases, indicating the association of three types of water with certain events, activities, and domains of social life such as religious practices, celebrations, hygiene, eating meals, or hosting guests. In conclusion, it is shown that the three types of water have a strictly defined function and are related to culturally embedded values.
The Idiomaticon in the Dictionary Family
Authors: Dobrotová Ivana , Chlebda Wojciech
Published: October 2024

This contribution presents the origin and formation of a special type of dictionary containing idiomatic expressions, i.e., the so-called idiomaticon, or a lexicographic record of idiomatic units. The article describes the place of the idiomaticon in the extended family of dictionaries and situates it in a broader lexicographical context.
Manifestations of Oral Rhetorical Heritage in Polish Biblicisms
Authors: Koziara Stanisław
Published: October 2024

The article inquires into the possibilities of ethno-cultural description of the Biblical heritage in Polish, comprising established linguistic units of multiple genetic and formal status. The proposal is put forward to include, in this kind of linguistic reflection, theoretical assumptions and descriptive methods hitherto scarcely used in Polish research, deriving from Hellenistic and Semitic oral and rhetorical tradition. The article consists of two parts. The first part outlines previous approaches to describing conventionalized units of language, both in the context of Polish and contrastive analysis. It also concerns the categories of orality and rhetoric in the contexts of describing the biblical linguistic heritage, as well as the definition of the concept of Biblicism. The second part considers the possibilities of describing selected Polish Biblicisms (merism, hyperbole, and chiasm) through references to the oral and rhetorical Biblical tradition.
Eurolinguistic Notes on Polish, German, Czech, Hungarian, Dutch, English, French, Italian, Spanish and Latin in Warmer’s Late-17th-c. Colloquy. Part 2: Address Forms and Expressive Speech Act Routines
Authors: Grzega Joachim
Published: October 2024

Warmer’s 1691 colloquy including ten languages – (Silesian) Polish, (Silesian) German, (eastern) Czech, (northern) Hungarian, (Flemish) Dutch, (northern) French, Italian, Spanish, English and Latin – is studied qualitatively and descriptively for the typical European character of address forms and routine formulae in expressive speech acts. All vernacular languages except Dutch are languages with an informal/formal (T/V) address pronoun distinction, with reciprocal V typical among adults, among students, and between adults and young (or inferior) females, and non-reciprocal V typical from (inferior) males to people of a higher generation. Kinship terms are frequent vocatives toward adult relatives. A kinship term for a concrete blood relationship is used to denote a non-first-degree family member in general. The expression “friend” for acquaintances and strangers is often used as well as “sir/lady”. Professional titles as vocatives are also frequent, though maidservants can be addressed by guests with intimate address terms. With respect to greetings, all languages use patterns with “God” and the pattern “(Be) welcome” in salutations and “good evening/night” in valedictions. Contrast or complementary response formulae are more common than echo responses. Echo responses are only found for elliptical patterns. Patterns with an illocutionaryforceindicating device (IFID) are absent in salutations and uncommon in valedictions. In contrast, with respect to thanks, IFIDs are common, potentially followed by echo responses. Of all languages analyzed, Latin shares the smallest number of European and regional features, mostly adhering to classical variants (after the loss of many lingua franca usages).
Outline of an Artificial Intelligence Literacy Framework for Translation, Interpreting and Specialised Communication
Authors: Krüger Ralph
Published: October 2024

This paper first traces the AI-induced automation of the digitalised and datafied language industry, with a focus on neural machine translation and large language models. Then, it discusses a range of digital literacies that have become increasingly relevant in the language industry in light of these technologies, i.e., machine translation literacy, data literacy and artificial intelligence literacy. After highlighting the interface between these three literacies, the paper sketches an outline of an artificial intelligence literacy framework for translation, interpreting and specialised communication. This framework intends to capture an extensive set of competences required by stakeholders in the AI-saturated language industry.
The Translation of Nature Terminology in Literary Texts: A Case Study
Authors: Sinu Raluca
Published: October 2024

This paper investigates the way nature-related terms are rendered in literary texts, highlighting possible explanations for the translation decisions. The discussion will be illustrated with examples of terms related to wetland and to the vegetation specific for this area, extracted from the novel Where the crawdads sing (2018) by Delia Owens and its Romanian translation. The conclusions show that there are several reasons why the translator may opt for a less accurate rendering of nature terminology, including the translator’s perception of the aim of the target text, e.g. entertainment rather than information, or the translator’s (limited) knowledge of the field.
What Can We Learn from the 21st Century Translator Pen? A Case Analysis on Comparing English-to-Chinese Rendition Differences between Human and Machine Translation
Authors: Wang Tawei
Published: October 2024

This study investigated and compared differences in rendering from the same English source text into two versions of target text in Chinese produced respectively by human and machine translator represented by translator pen. Using news report as case analysis, this study found that improper segmentation of punctuation marks appeared most frequently in machine translation, followed by lexical vacancy, and by inconsistency of terms. This study also identified rendition differences between human and machine translation in the handling of terms as well as in the treatment of punctuation marks. Overall, the human translator showed more flexibility in the selection of words to match target text expression than the machine translator.
Interpreting Studies and the Need for a Systemic Turn
Authors: Behr Martina
Published: October 2024

The next important step in the development of Interpreting Studies appears to be its methodological consolidation, which can be achieved by drawing on the findings of systems theory. Systems theory makes it possible to grasp the complexity of interpreting and to master the resulting interdisciplinary methodological challenges. The example given in this article of the first system-dynamic model of simultaneous interpreting demonstrates the advantages of such an approach and explains that it is time for a systemic turn.
Polyphony as a Transformative Factor in Solopreneurship Education of Language Specialists
Authors: Klimkowski Konrad
Published: October 2024

This article aims to demonstrate that the notion of multiple voices (polyphony) is a powerful educational idea that can bring value to translator education programmes. Based on a class dedicated to entrepreneurial functioning of MA students in translation, the article strives to show how polyphony can be entrenched in class content and classroom dynamics. It is argued that polyphony can empower students’ polyphonic approach to career choices. The empirical part discusses the responses from the class participants in 2023 concerning their perception of the modes of work they find most attractive. Conclusions outline areas for enhancements in class content and classroom dynamics.
The Evolution of Students’ Ability to Identify and Solve Different Types of Translation Problems: Insights from a Longitudinal Process and Product Study
Authors: Chodkiewicz-Nalepa Marta
Published: October 2024

Problem-solving is a multi-faceted activity, which lies at the very heart of the translation process and requires the effective operation of translation competence (TC). This article investigates how a group of undergraduate students who participated in a comprehensive longitudinal study into the development of TC approached three different types of prototypical translation problems before and after receiving 7.5 months of translator education. The study examines 315 problem-solving paths, focusing in particular on verbal (but also non-verbal) evidence confirming students’ awareness of the nature of the problems, the strategicness of the problem-solving process, and the plausibility of the final solutions provided.
An Investigation of Rater Effects on L2 Translation Performance Scores
Authors: Aybirdi Nilufer , Han Turgay
Published: October 2024

This study examines the impact of L2 translation quality and rating experience on raters’ scoring behaviors and on the reliability and variability of scores. It also investigates frequently used decision-making strategies applied by raters assigning scores to different qualities of translation papers produced by Turkish EFL students. In total, 80 translation papers (40 low-quality and 40 high-quality) obtained from the participating students were given to 10 raters to score using a translation scoring rubric. Results revealed that less experienced raters were more positive while scoring the students’ translation performances and assigned higher and more consistent scores to the papers.
Intraoperative fluid management in septic shock of abdominal origin guided by Fick´s formula vs ΔPCO2
Authors: Romero Vania , Flores Rosa M. , Meneses Hugo E.
Published: October 2024

Background: In the main causes of morbidity and mortality in world is sepsis. Dynamic evaluations have more accurate predicting fluid response.
Methods: It has made an observational, comparative, prospective, longitudinal and unicentric study. We included both sexes with 30-75 years and diagnosis of septic shock secondary to abdominal surgical pathology requiring surgical intervention. The sample was 36 patients. Two groups were be integrated; one group will be managed with Fick's Formula and the other with ΔPCO2 with an equal number of participants in both groups, were aleatory, each group had 18 patients, three arterial and venous blood gas samples will be taken (pre-anesthetic, trans anesthetic and postanesthetic) to guide fluid management by means of cardiac output. Statistical analysis was made with, descriptive analysis for categorical variables with measures of central tendency and dispersion; inferential analysis for numerical variables with one-way Anova for comparison amount fluid administered guided by the formulas at the beginning, at a one hour and at the end of the surgical procedure subsequently Pearson's correlation was applied.
Results: When evaluating the amount of liquid administered in both groups by one-way ANOVA, no statistically significant difference was found, since the level of significance of both Fick's formula and ΔPCO2 in their three measurements is higher to 0.05. We found for both high correlation with Pearson.
Conclusions: There is no difference between the use of Fick´s formula or ΔPCO2. Regarding the liquids management, it is easier to apply ΔPCO2.
Assessing the relationship between FibroScan and laboratory parameters in evaluating hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
Authors: Agrawal Anmol , Malhotra Y. , Patil M. , Lakra D. P. , Toppo Archana
Published: October 2024

Background: The gold standard for diagnosing steatosis, grading fibrosis, and determining its severity is liver biopsy (LB). An alternate, less expensive, and trouble-free technique for accurately identifying and measuring steatosis is the controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) value acquired with FibroScan.3 Hence, the present study was undertaken to correlate laboratory parameters (AST/ALT ratio, AST platelet ratio index, Fib-4 score) with FibroScan as a marker of hepatic fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients.
Methods: 68 patients diagnosed to have NAFLD as per imaging were subjected to FibroScan using transient elastography within 2 weeks. Blood sample was taken for various lab tests. Area under receiver operating curve was plotted for predicting advanced fibrosis. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated.
Results: Based on ROC curves of APRI, FIB-4, and AST/ALT ratio for the detection of F2 of liver fibrosis the best index to diagnose F2 from lower stages of liver fibrosis was APRI, with an AUROC curve of 0.747 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.599–0.894). The optimal cut-off of APRI was 0.276 for this purpose, with a sensitivity of 70.83%, specificity of 79.55%, PPV of 65.38%, NPV of 83.3%, and DA of 76.47%.
Conclusions: To conclude, it was found that the fibrosis stages increased significantly with APRI scores and Fib-4 score. AST/ALT ratio decreased with increase in FibroScan grade, however, mean of AST/ALT ratio was more in F2 grade than F1 with statistically non- significant relation. This can eliminate the need for LB in patients without clear indication.
Effect of magnesium and zinc supplementation in the patients of essential hypertension
Authors: Singh Suresh Kumar , Verma Narsingh , Singh Shraddha , Patel M. L. , Mittal Anupam
Published: October 2024

Background: Primary hypertension is the most common (almost 95%) and it can easily be controlled through lifestyle modification by regular exercise and controlled diet plan. Magnesium and zinc supplementation can alleviate essential hypertension.
Methods: 73 hypertensive patients were recruited. Thrice in a row with interval of 5 minutes, twice a day for 7 days high BP monitoring was done and ensured daily intake of Mg (300 mg) and Zn (10 mg) for 4 weeks. Thereafter again 4th week home Blood pressure monitoring was done. Study was done from 25 April 2023 to 24 April 2024. Secondary hypertension was excluded after proper radiological and pathological investigations.
Results: Decrease in SBP by 6.9 mmHg, pre SBP 141±11.3 SD and post SBP 134±9.6 SD and DBP by 4.8 mmHg, pre DBP 91±7.8SD and Post DBP 86±73, observed after 4 weeks supplementation. In 30 medicated patients, antihypertensive showed decrease in SBP by 4.6 mmHg, pre SBP 137±11.5 SD and post SBP 132±9.6 SD with and DBP by 4.7 mmHg, Pre DBP 89.6±9.2SD and post DBP 84.9±8.7.
Whereas, in a group of 43, without any medicine exhibited decline in SBP by 8 mmHg (Pre SBP 144±10 SD and Post SBP 136±9.5 and DBP by 5 mmHg, pre DBP 92±6.8 SD and post DBP 87±0.6.3 SD. Value of p<0.001 in the study group.
Conclusions: Supplementation reduced blood pressure in all pre and post groups. The effect of supplementation had slighter edge on who were not taking antihypertensive medicine than were taking single medication or combined therapy.
Associations between internet addiction, grit, perceived stress and academic performance in medical students
Authors: Aziz Nusrat , Fatima Khan Sheema , Qatoon Shaik Simra , Siddiqui Maryam , Zainab  , Fatima Khan Shams
Published: October 2024

Background: Medical students require high academic performance and dedicated training with focus, optimism and a growth mindset. Our study aims to analyse the associations between internet addiction, Grit, perceived stress with academic performance in 1st year medical students.
Methods: First year female medical students with convenience sampling of 100 had been asked to self-administer the Young’s internet addiction test, Cohen’s perceived stress scale and grit scale by Duckworth after giving informed consent. Association between the above parameters and their effect on academic performance was studied and analysed.
Results: Prevalence of internet addiction in medical students was as high as 90% including 20% moderate and 70% mild internet addiction. 31% of students showed high perceptive stress, 59% moderate and 10% low stress. The mean grit estimated was 3.04 (SD-0.65062). Student’s perceptive stress was positively correlated with internet addiction. Higher internet addiction score showed lesser academic grades. Students with more grit showed less internet addiction and better academic performance having a significant positive correlation. Students with moderate stress showed better academic grades than low or high stressed students.
Conclusions: In light of the above findings, it is important that once the students enter medical school, they must be given study tips and guidance to develop mindset for more grit, stress management and made aware of ill effects of spending more hours on internet for purposes other than learning. This will help them to concentrate better strive towards attainment of their long-term goals, avoid overstress and achieve higher academic grades.
Comparison of extubation response with Ambu AuraGain and endotracheal tube
Authors: Narayanaswamy Harshith Thalagunda , Agarwal Meenal , Agarwal Surendra Kumar , Nagaraja Rahul Sajjan
Published: October 2024

Background: Airway management poses significant challenges for anesthesia and critical care providers. The Ambu Aura is an innovative supraglottic airway device that is compatible with magnetic resonance imaging. It is designed to be disposable, phthalate-free, and allows for the use of traditional cuffed tracheal tubes in patients of all ages. The present study was aimed to compare the hemodynamic changes and complications in endotracheal tube and Ambu AuraGain extubation in patients undergoing surgery.
Methods: This was a randomized, controlled study conducted on 30 ASA I/II patients undergoing surgery. The patients were divided into two groups, group T (n 15): endotracheal tube and group A (n = 15): Ambu AuraGain respectively. The hemodynamic parameters such as heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at extubation and at 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 10 minutes, 13 minutes and 15 minutes after extubation and compared between the groups.
Results: Ambu AuraGain showed significant decrease in HR and MAP 1 minute, 3 minutes, 5 minutes, 7 minutes, 10 minutes, 13 minutes and 15 minutes after extubation when compared to endotracheal tube and it was found to be significant. Further, the frequency of cough (6.7% versus 26.7%; p=0.002) and laryngospasm (0% versus 13.3%; p=0.002) was lower in Ambu AuraGain when compared to endotracheal tube.
Conclusions: Ambu AuraGain may be a viable alternative to traditional endotracheal tubes in clinical settings with good safety profile.
Platelet/albumin ratio and plateletcrit levels are potential new biomarkers for assessing acute myocardial infarction: hospital based cross sectional study
Authors: Ugaragol Prasad G. , Charantimath Naveen V. , Sanketh S. J.
Published: October 2024

Background: Platelet activation plays a key role in acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Plateletcrit and platelet/albumin ratio are potential new biomarkers, but their diagnostic accuracy for AMI is unclear.
Methods: This was a hospital-based cross-sectional study on 90 patients- 45 with AMI, 45 with unstable angina (UA). Plateletcrit and platelet/albumin ratio were compared between groups and ROC analysis was done to determine predictive accuracy for AMI.
Results: Plateletcrit (0.49±0.04 versus 0.35±0.03, p<0.001) and platelet/albumin ratio (0.85±0.12 versus 0.65±0.09, p<0.001) were significantly higher in the AMI group compared to UA group. At a cutoff of 0.42, plateletcrit had 92% sensitivity and 89% specificity for diagnosing AMI. Platelet/albumin ratio >0.72 differentiated AMI from UA with 82% sensitivity and 84% specificity.
Conclusions: Plateletcrit and platelet/albumin ratio were significantly elevated in AMI compared to UA patients. These biomarkers demonstrated good diagnostic accuracy for detecting AMI at admission. Further large-scale studies are warranted to validate these findings before incorporating into clinical practice.
Sanitary conditions of few urban slums in New Delhi: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Husain Safder , Khan Noman , Raheem Abdul , Urooj Shaista , Siddiqui Ziaul Haq
Published: October 2024

Background: Sanitation is essential for a society’s well-being and general health. Water, sanitation, and hygiene standards that are both adequate and safe can prevent numerous infections in the context of the present study, which was conducted with the aim of spreading knowledge regarding water sanitation, disposal, and treatment in the urban slums of southeast Delhi to prevent and control several water-borne diseases.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 294 participants from 144 households, between May 2022 to April 2023. Data were collected using door-to-door surveys. The sample size was 294 and houses were selected using convenience sampling. The data obtained were analyzed using MS Office (Excel).
Results: Based on data collected from 144 households and 294 participants, 44.2% of participants in the Trilokpuri area had an interrupted water supply. There was a significant correlation between the water supply groups in our analysis (p<0.0001).
Conclusions: Our research revealed a strong correlation among sociodemographic profile, water supply, water usage, cleaning of water storage utensils, water stagnation, water disposal, treatment of stagnation, type of toilet, and sanitation conditions. According to the study’s key findings, the majority of people in southern Delhi did not have access to clean drinking water. There is obvious evidence of restricted access to contemporary piped water supplies. Thus, since drinking contaminated water can lead to a number of water-borne diseases, our research provides a framework for methodically raising awareness of the issues that need to be resolved to enable fair governance of the water supply.