bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Adat û Rusûmatnameê Ekradiye”de Tam Göçerlerde Buyruk Veren-Alan İlişkisine Dair Değerlendirmeler
Authors: YAZICI Mehmet
Published: May 2022

Bu makalenin konusu, göçer topluluklarda buyruk veren (otorite) ve buyruk alan ilişkisinde istihlâk normlarının etkisidir. Çalışmada, Mela Mehmûdê Bazidî’nin 1858-1859 yıllarında yazdığı kabul edilen Adat û Rusûmatnameê Ekradiye isimli kitabında yer alan konuyla ilgili veriler esas alınmıştır. Yapılan metin analizi sonucunda; göçer toplulukların aile merkezli oldukları, ileri gelen kesim ve fakir kesim olmak üzere iki toplumsal tabakadan meydana geldikleri, ileri gelen kesimde yer alan ağa ailelerinin toplulukta buyruk veren yani geleneksel otorite oldukları ayrıca iki kesimin istihlâklerinin de farklı olduğu gibi, ileri gelen kesimin bazı ayrıcalıklı istihlâklerinin de olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada, göçebe toplulukların geçim kaynağı hayvancılık olduğundan istihlâk normlarının da hayvancılıkla ilgili olduğu, buyruk veren ailelerin bu konumlarını korumak amacıyla; ikram etmek yoluyla servet dağıttıkları, gösterişçi istihlâk / tüketim ile maddi güçlerini sergiledikleri ve toplulukta yüksek değerleri temsil ettikleri sonuçlarına varılmıştır.
Kritik Minerallerin Türkiye’nin Enerji Dönüşümüne Etkisi: Teknoloji Bağımsızlığı Açısından Yeni Jeopolitik Tehdit
Authors: KAKIŞIM Cemal
Published: May 2022

Türkiye, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarına ve yeni enerji teknolojilerine yatırım yaparak fosil yakıtlara bağımlılığını azaltmayı hedeflemektedir. Rüzgâr ve güneş enerjisi santrallerinin sayısını her geçen gün arttırmakta ve bu santrallerin inşasında yerli üretimi teşvik etmektedir. Trafikte elektrikli araçların sayısını arttırmayı planlamakta ve bu kapsamda yerli elektrikli otomobilini üretmektedir. Bu teknolojilerin yapısından kaynaklı olarak Türkiye’nin hammadde ihtiyacı farklılaşmakta ve artmaktadır. Rüzgâr türbinleri, güneş panelleri, elektrikli araçlar ve enerji depolama birimlerinin üretimi için doğada az miktarda bulunan ve bu nedenle nadir toprak elementleri olarak adlandırılan hammaddelerin yanı sıra lityum, kobalt, bakır, nikel, germanyum, neodimyum gibi kritik minerallere ihtiyaç duymaktadır. Ancak bu kritik minerallerin tedariki, küresel ölçekte artan talep nedeniyle giderek zorlaşmaktadır. Kritik mineraller, diplomatik krizlere neden olmakta ve yeni enerji jeopolitiğinin öznesi haline gelmektedir. Türkiye, yenilenebilir enerji alanındaki hedefleriyle ve yatırımlarıyla mineral arz riski yaşaması kuvvetle muhtemel ülkelerden biridir. Bu kapsamda çalışmada Türkiye’nin enerji dönüşümü ele alınmaktadır ve kritik minerallerin bu dönüşümdeki rolü değerlendirilmektedir. Kritik minerallerin Türkiye’nin enerji güvenliğine etkisini tartışılmaktadır.
Humanitarian Access Issues Linked to Peace Processes: Advantages, Disadvantages and Examples
Authors: Haider Huma
Published: May 2022

Political mediators and humanitarian negotiators both seek to stabilise a conflict situation. However, the goal of political mediators is to build a political consensus to address the causes of the conflict, while the goal of humanitarian negotiators is to address the immediate humanitarian consequences: specifically access to aid and protection of vulnerable populations. This report provides a general overview of potential advantages, disadvantages, risks and challenges of linking humanitarian issues to ceasefires and peace processes, based on a range of academic and practitioner literature. This is followed by a case study of Syria, where there is some emergent academic literature that looks at the incorporation of humanitarian access issues in ceasefires and peace processes—and outcomes for civilians, in terms of protection and access to aid. It also takes a brief look at civilian monitoring and recent humanitarian ceasefires in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. Examples and evidence of humanitarian issues linked to ceasefires and peace processes—and the impacts on protection of civilians and humanitarian access—is extremely sparse. This is stated in the literature itself, which covers varying aspects of this research.
Estudiar la cultura propia: retos y dificultades
Authors:   Universidad Nacional Nacional México, Posgrado en Estudios Mesoamericanosa, Méndez Pérez Marceal
Published: May 2022

Reflexionar aspectos importantes del proceso de investigación etnográfica, por ejemplo, la posición del investigador frente a la cultura estudiada, la naturaleza de los datos y las fuentes, así como el compromiso social de la investigación, constituye un intento por orientar la ciencia hacia los intereses de la propia comunidad de estudio y no sólo hacia los intereses de la academia.
Age group analysis of patients with dog bite injuries who visited a single regional emergency medical center and factors affecting wound infections
Authors: Kang Dong Ho , Choi Jea Yeon , Choi Woo Sung , Jang Jae Ho , Cho Jin-Seong , Hyun Sung Youl
Published: May 2022

Purpose: The aim of this study was to analyze by age group the characteristics of patients with dog bite injuries, as well as determine which factors were associated with wound infections in those patients. Methods: We reviewed patients with dog bite injuries who presented to Gachon University Gil Medical Center in Incheon, Korea from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. They were classified by age group: children (0–18 years), adults (19–59 years), or elderly (≥60 years). Event profiles, wound characteristics, and infections were compared across these age groups. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify factors associated with wound infections.Results: Of the total 972 dog bite injuries, 272 (28.0%) were in children, 606 (62.3%) were in adults, and 94 (9.7%) were in the elderly. The median age was 30 years (interquartile range, 16–48 years) and the majority of patients (60.5%) were female. The most common place of injury was at home (73.8%) and indoors (77.0%). In children, the head and neck were the most frequent sites of injury (43%), while the most frequent site in adults and the elderly (50.8% and 59.6%, respectively) was the upper extremity. The odds ratio (OR) for wound infection was 3.997 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.279–12.491; P=0.017) for head and neck injuries and 3.881 (95% CI, 1.488–10.122; P=0.006) for lower extremity injuries. The OR for wound infection was 4.769 (95% CI, 2.167–10.494; P<0.001) for significant injuries. Elderly patients had a higher risk for wound infection than other age groups (OR, 2.586; 95% CI, 1.221–5.475; P=0.013).Conclusions: When analyzing patients with dog bite injuries, differences across age groups were found, with the elderly at the highest risk for significant injury and wound infection. It is recommended that age-specific approaches and strategies be used to prevent dog bite wound infections.
Multimodality imaging for repaired tetralogy of Fallot
Authors: Misra Amrit , Gupta Pooja , Aggarwal Sanjeev , Singh Gautam
Published: May 2022

Despite complete repair at an optimal time in the current era, almost all patients with tetralogy of Fallot will have residual anatomic and hemodynamic sequelae, which make ongoing surveillance of paramount importance. Echocardiography suffices surveillance matrix in most pre-operative cases unless there is a specific question about coronary artery anomaly or branch pulmonary arteries when cardiac catheterization or computed tomography scan can be extremely helpful. For long-term follow-up of repaired tetralogy of Fallot patients, several diagnostic/imaging monitoring modalities are available; however, no single modality is perfect in terms of obtaining all the necessary information. A multimodality approach is suggested for long-term surveillance where a diagnostic test is selected based on the clinical circumstances/questions raised and institutional preference/expertise.
Hacia una conceptualización de Gran Propiedad y su papel como referente en el proceso de producción de la ciudad = Towards the conceptualization of the Great Property and its role as a reference point for the city-making process
Authors: Camerín Federico
Published: May 2022

ResumenEste trabajo analiza el concepto de Gran Propiedad entendido como expresión de un capital en suelo vinculada al alto consumo de espacio que requieren determinadas actividades. El recorrido emprendido se basa en una doble propuesta. Primero, la tipificación de Gran Propiedad en función de los diferentes capitales en suelo que representan (industrial-propietario de suelo, comercial, financiero y pequeño), cuya yuxtaposición, en un mismo ámbito urbano, revela el proceso de construcción histórico de la ciudad. Segundo, el análisis de los procesos que se suceden en su uso (construcción, abandono y regeneración), entendidos como momentos en los que se han manifestado otras tantas maneras de entender la construcción de la ciudad, todo ello, en paralelo a las transformaciones urbanísticas que se han llevado a cabo por exigencias de renta, es decir, por los beneficios que demandaban las grandes propiedades implicadas. Esta manera de abordar la comprensión de la ciudad, desde su producción-reproducción y como producto social, constituye uno de los logros más destacados del trabajo: la construcción histórica de la ciudad implica, también, su desmantelamiento, abandono y ruina, como otros tantos procesos inmobiliarios que desembocan en su regeneración con el objetivo de fortalecerla como ámbito espacial de clase.AbstractThis work addresses the concept of Great Property understood as a piece of land demanded by activities that need to consume a large amount of space and as capital. The research formulated two proposals. The first is the typification of great property according to the different land capitals it represents (industrial-land owner, commercial, financial and small). Their juxtaposition in the same urban area reveals the historical city-making process. The second is the analysis of the processes that occur in the great property’s lifetime (construction, abandonment, and regeneration). Each process is tied to specific ways to conduct the city-making process and the urban transformations carried out on a speculative basis, i.e. on the profits demanded by great properties. This way of approaching the understanding of the city intended as a social product, i.e. from its production-reproduction, constitutes one of the most outstanding achievements of this work. The relevance of the historical city-making implies also its dismantling, abandonment, and ruin understood as real estate processes that lead to a profit-driven regeneration for providing wealth.
AN OVERVIEW OF EQUAL DOMESTIC WORKS BETWEEN SPOUSE TO INCREAS GENDER EQUALITY AS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS
Authors:   Faculty of Education, Jakarta State University Jakarta, Indonesia, Farhan Ahmad Rizky , Insani Haifa Putri ,   Faculty of Education, Jakarta State University Jakarta, Indonesia, Rifai Iif Ahmad ,   Faculty of Education, Jakarta State University Jakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Background: Marriage is a new chapter in life with the aim of forming a happy and eternal family. However, during the Covid-19 pandemic, realizing this goal is increasingly difficult. This is related to problems that occur in the domestic sphere, such as a declining family economy and fights that trigger violence and even divorce. Basically, the problems that occur are also motivated by the form of the traditional family role division format in which the husband as the head of the family plays a public role to provide for his family and the wife only plays a domestic role as a housewife. Meanwhile, one of the goals of the Sustainable Development Goals is gender equality as in the target (5.1) to end all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere, and (5.5) ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making. Method: This study uses a systematic literature review method by collecting various relevant previous studies to be identified, reviewed, evaluated, and interpreted. Result: The results of this study indicate that in Indonesia there are still many socio-cultural influences on gender roles where men (husbands) do masculine tasks and women (wives) do feminine tasks. Therefore, there are still families who apply the traditional form of family role division. However, there are also families who have implemented equal roles in their families that are not fixed by gender. Conclusion: Therefore, it is necessary to apply a pattern of partnership relationships in the family and the role of the government to realize the target (5.4) to recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate. Keywords: Domestic Works; Spouse; Gender Equality; SDGs 2030; Indonesia.
BIOTECHNOLOGY OF TARO PRODUCTS THAT CONTAIN LOW GLYCEMIC INDEX TO BE SUBSTITUTE FOOD FOR PEOPLE WITH DIABETES
Authors:   Department of Economics Islamic University of Indonesia Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Adhika Hanan Nur
Published: May 2022

Diabetes is a serious problem in Indonesia. Even people with diabetes increases every year. The latest data from the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) shows Indonesia is ranked seventh in the world with 10.7 million people with diabetes. This can be caused by consuming food without paying attention to the high glycemic index (GI) content in food ingredients. Therefore, foodstuffs containing a low glycemic index are needed and are usually found in tubers, especially taro. This study aims to determine the biotechnology of processed food from taro for diabetics. With the biotechnology of processed food products from taro, it helps diabetics to control their blood sugar. This research method is carried out by quantitative methods or based on previous research studies. Taro has a low glycemic index content so it can be consumed by diabetics. With a low GI content in taro it can control the increase of blood sugar levels. Taro can actually be processed into a more varied staple food. Taro can be made into cereals or flakes so it can make easier to consume. With biotechnology process of taro products, diabetics can more easily control blood sugar levels in the body because of its low glycemic index content. Keywords: Diabetes,taro,Glycemic.
Utilization of Whey Dangke into High Quality Edible Film as a Solution for Environmental Pollution in Indonesia
Authors:   Faculty of Industrial Engineering, Islamic University of Indonesia  Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Aulia Putri Izzatul
Published: May 2022

Today, the problems related to waste and waste are still unsolved. The National Plastic Action Partnership (NPAP) recorded that around 4.8 million tons of plastic waste in Indonesia is not managed properly. In addition, industrial waste such as whey has not been widely used so that it has a high potential to cause environmental pollution. For this reason, this research was carried out to overcome this problem by making edible films from whey dangke with the addition of carrageenan, 35% sorbitol plasticizer and red galangal (Alpinia purpurata) essential oil as quality enhancers. This research is expected to reduce plastic waste and industrial waste by utilizing dangke whey processed into environmentally friendly edible films. This study uses qualitative methods as material content analysis and quantitative in determining the concentration of quality enhancing ingredients. Dangke whey waste was chosen as the main ingredient of edible film because 80-90% of the milk volume is whey and contains about 55% of the total nutrition of milk. The addition of carrageenan is intended to reduce cracks because the surface is flat and to balance the flexibility, 35% sorbitol is added. To inhibit the activity of bacteria (E. coli and S. aureus) 0.1% red galangal essential oil (A. purpurata) was added. From here, edible films can be produced by using whey dangke waste which is bacteria resistant, minimally cracked, but still flexible and friendly to health.
SEA AND COVID-19 VIRUS: (ANALYSIS EFFECT OF THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC ON MARINE ECOSYSTEM IN INDONESIA IN 2020-2021)
Authors:   Department of Communication Science, Islamic University of Indonesia  Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Aulia Fadila
Published: May 2022

Marine ecosystems are one of the most extensive and diverse biological natural resources. Unfortunately, at this time the marine ecosystem is starting to be threatened. According to preliminary calculations from the Coordinating Team for the National Secretariat for Handling Marine Debris, the total waste entering the sea in 2020 is estimated to reach 521,540 tons, of which around 12,785 tons originate from activities at sea. The purpose of this research is to see how the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on marine ecosystems. Researchers want to see if the Covid-19 pandemic has a positive impact that can be used as a reference for improving a sustainable marine ecosystem. The method that the researcher uses in this research is the literature study method using previous research journals as a reference for data collection. Based on the literature study that has been carried out, the researchers obtained the results that the Covid-19 pandemic had positive and negative impacts on marine ecosystems. The positive impact caused is the reduction in human activities during the Covid 19 pandemic, making marine ecosystems have a high probability of recovering. While the negative impact is the increase in waste production. Because when the Covid-19 pandemic occurred, many people shopped through online applications. However, seeing that the restriction of human activity during the Covid-19 pandemic has a positive impact on marine ecosystems, this policy can be continued. By limiting visitors who come to marine tourism areas. For example, marine tourism is only opened 3 times a week and visitors who are allowed to come cannot be more than 30 people. This is expected to reduce marine pollution caused by human hands. Keywords : Covid-19 pandemic, marine ecosystem, pollution.
FACTORS AFFECTING E-SCOOTER SHARING PURCHASE INTENTION TO COMBAT CLIMATE CHANGE: AN ANALYSIS USING UNIFIED THEORY OF ACCEPTANCE AND USE OF TECHNOLOGY
Authors:   Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Indonesia,  Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Azzahra Belinda
Published: May 2022

Transportation uses a significant amount of energy and burns most of the world's petroleum. As a result, it gives effect to the environment, such as air pollution in the forms of carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and particulates. Those compounds create a phenomenon called global warming. Within the transportation sector, road transport is the largest contributor to global warming. To cope with global warming, environmental regulations in developed countries are trying to reduce the individual vehicle's emissions. However, this has been counterbalanced by an increase in the number of vehicles and increased use of each vehicle. Therefore, micro-mobility may alleviate several challenges facing big cities today and offer more sustainable urban transportation. In the next ten years, e-scooter sharing is predicted to become an international business as its potential to become a multi-billion dollar industry (Purnomo Yusgiantoro, 2019). E-scooter sharing has seen a massive leap in popularity within the last few years because, on the surface, it appears to be a business model that is here to stay and, most importantly, has become a solution in creating a greener environment and economy. This research utilizes the framework of the UTAUT2 to identify and build a quantitative approach to identify factors related to the purchase intention factors of e-scooter sharing. The 200 respondents' field data were collected in Jakarta Metropolitan Area (Jabodetabek) as a rapid increase in pollution level and a considerable number of essentials of the central business district and many high-rises stores and universities. The linear regression study revealed that the consumers' purchase intention of e-scooter sharing is shaped by seven main factors: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating condition, hedonic motivation, price value, and habit. Those factors can explain 83 percent of the field data. Moreover, a brief recommendation for related stakeholders based on the Research results are proposed to increase the adoption of e-scooter sharing. The practical implications resulting from this analysis are suggested policy measures, e-scooter sharing, environmentally impact potency and strengthening green economy achievement in the communities. Keywords : E-Scooter Sharing, Green Economy, Linear Regression, Purchase Intention
DEVELOPMENT OF ETHNOSCIENCE-BASED CHEMISTRY TEACHING MATERIALS FOR CLASS IX HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors:   Magister in Chemistry Education, Universitas Negeri Padang Padang, Indonesia, Nurfitriana Nurfitriana ,   Mathematics Education, Universitas Negeri Padang Padang, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Chemistry is one of the sciences that studies the structure or composition of a material, often students have difficulty understanding chemical material. For that to be easy to understand, a teaching material in the form of an ethnoscience-based book is needed. This study aims to determine the validation and practicality of ethnoscience-based book teaching materials. This research is a development research using the 4-D learning model. It consists of four stages of development, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate. The research was carried out until the develop stage, namely the validity test and practicality test. The instrument used is a validity questionnaire that is assessed by the validator, and a practicality questionnaire assessed by teachers and students who are assessed on a Likert scale and analyzed descriptively. Through this research, it is hoped that a valid and practical ethnoscience-based chemistry teaching material can be created to be used as a chemistry learning resource for students. Keywords: Chemistry, Ethnoscience, 4-D model, Validity, Practicality.
GIRIREJO VILLAGE MICRO SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES EMPOWERMENT MODEL THROUGH THE WIRADESA ROGRAM
Authors:   Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Rohim Ahmad Nur , Byzhura Shaffira Ayuning ,   Faculty of Economics and Business, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta Yogyakarta, Indonesia, Sekarwati Dewi Anggraeni ,   Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Pembangunan Nasional Veteran Yogyakarta Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Published: May 2022

Background: The Village Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are an integrated effort that includes 18 development goals in solving village’s problems. The SDGs are a real effort to accelerate sustainable development at the village level to create villages without poverty, hunger, and equitable national economic growth. One way to achieve this is by building empowered rural micro small and medium enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to analyze the micro small and medium enterprises empowerment program to train village entrepreneurs to develop their businesses in a sustainable manner. This study aims to determine the right empowerment program to be applied to micro small and medium enterprises and identify stakeholders who help implement the program. Method: Determination of the research area using a purposive method, namely village owned enterprises and meatball home industry in Girirejo Village, Imogiri, Bantul, D.I.Y. The sampling method was carried out by purposive sampling using certain criteria. The data used are primary and secondary data using data collection methods in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. Result: The results show that the empowerment programs that needed by micro, small and medium enterprises include production and operations management training, supply chain management training, digital marketing training, production and product development training, and marketing management training. Conclusion: This empowerment program optimizes and develops existing MSMEs in Girirejo Village for the better, the scope of this program is to increase the capacity of human resources and business capacity. Keywords: SDGs, Empowerment, micro small and medium enterprises
Google Earth Geoscience Video Library (GEGVL): Organizing Geoscience Videos in a Google Earth Environment to Support Place-Based Geoscience Education
Authors: Wang Ning , Stern Robert J. , Urquhart Mary L. , Seals Katherine M.
Published: May 2022

Place-based education (PBE) and active learning are effective strategies for geoscience education. However, traditional PBE via field trips requires significant resources, time, physical abilities, and expertise of teachers. We provide an alternative PBE experience by showing how different kinds of geoscience videos can be spatially organized into one digital interactive virtual environment. Here, we present the Google Earth Geoscience Video Library (GEGVL) which uses Google Earth and location specific videos about Earth events to create a virtual PBE experience. Using Google Earth, GEGVL organizes place-based videos by locations and links pertinent non-place-based videos and allows users to roam the globe in search of geoscientific videos that are pertinent to them or their students. Currently GEGVL contains 150 videos organized into ten different geoscience disciplines: Plate Tectonics, Minerals, Structural Geology, Metamorphism, Magmatism, Hydrology, Environmental Science, Sedimentology, Paleontology, and Paleomagnetism. Despite stability challenges with Google Earth integration, results of user surveys among lower division undergraduates show that the design logic of GEGVL is promising virtual PBE organizer for interesting students in and helping them learn about Earth sciences.
DeSci-Decentralized Science
Authors: Ducrée Jens , Codyre Martin , Walshe Ray , Barting Sönke
Published: May 2022

Fundamental science and applied research and technology development (RTD) are facing significant challenges that particularly compound to the notorious credibility, reproducibility, funding and sustainability crises. The underlying, serious shortcomings are substantially amplified by a metrics-obsessed publication culture, and a growing cohort of academics fishing for fairly stagnant (public) funding budgets. This work presents, for the first time, a groundbreaking strategy to successfully address these severe issues; the novel strategy proposed here leverages the distributed ledger technology (DLT) “blockchain” to capitalize on cryptoeconomic mechanisms, such as tokenization, consensus, crowdsourcing, smart contracts, reputation systems as well as staking, reward and slashing mechanisms. This powerful toolbox, which is so far widely unfamiliar to traditional scientific and RTD communities (“TradSci”), is synergistically combined with the exponentially growing computing capabilities for virtualizing experiments through digital twin methods in a future scientific “metaverse”. Project contributions, such as hypotheses, methods, experimental data, modelling, simulation, assessment, predictions and directions are crowdsourced using blockchain, and captured by so-called non-fungible tokens (“NFTs”). The so enabled, highly integrative approach, termed decentralized science (“DeSci”), is destined to move research out of its present silos, and to markedly enhance quality, credibility, efficiency, transparency, inclusiveness, sustainability, impact, and sustainability of a wide spectrum of academic and commercial research initiatives.
Epidemiologia e ônus da depressão resistente ao tratamento no Brasil: análise do subgrupo brasileiro do estudo de observação multicêntrico TRAL
Authors: Teng Chei , Caldieraro Marco Antonio , Lacerda Acioly , Nardi Antonio , Quarantini Lucas , Souza Fabio , Correa Humberto , Kanevsky Gabriela , Cabrera Patricia
Published: May 2022

Objetivos: A epidemiologia da depressão resistente ao tratamento (DRT) varia mundialmente, mas é incerta na América Latina. Este artigo relata a epidemiologia e o ônus da DRT em pacientes com transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) no Brasil, no estudo observacional multinacional, multicêntrico, de DRT na América Latina (TRAL). Métodos: Trezentos e noventa e seis pacientes adultos com TDM (tratados ou não) no Brasil, com diagnóstico de TDM usando o Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition (DSM-5) e confirmado por MINI Entrevista Neuropsiquiátrica Internacional v7.0.2, foram incluídos em 10 centros. Os pacientes forneceram consentimento e concluíram as avaliações. Os critérios de exclusão incluíram pacientes com psicose, esquizofrenia, transtorno bipolar, transtorno esquizoafetivo, demência, transtorno de uso de substância ou participação atual em outro estudo. A MADRS foi usada para gravidade da doença. Escalas de depressão e instrumentos classificados pelos pacientes foram usados para medir os resultados. Resultados: A prevalência de DRT em pacientes com TDM na América Latina corresponde a 29,1% (IC 95% [26,8%; 31,4%]), embora no Brasil corresponda a 40,4% (IC 95%: 35,6%-45,2%), a mais alta no estudo TRAL. Os pacientes com DRT são mais velhos e apresentam maior proporção de divórcios e menor nível educacional, com pontuação mais alta na Escala de Classificação da Depressão de Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS), comparados a pacientes sem DRT. Os custos de saúde foram maiores em pacientes com DRT, com menor qualidade de vida e maiores custos de saúde e comprometimento laboral. Conclusões: Estes achados confirmam que a DRT apresenta alta prevalência no Brasil, consistentemente com estudos anteriores sobre transtornos depressivos. Globalmente, os pacientes com DRT apresentam maior ônus da doença, sugerindo a necessidade de melhorar os cuidados para pacientes com DRT no Brasil.
Determinantes da taxa de recuperação da COVID-19: um estudo de caso para o município de Belo Horizonte – MG
Authors: Anastácio Sinara , Silveira Lídia , Gomes Adriano
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Analisar a evolução da eficiência da rede pública de saúde do município de Belo Horizonte no tratamento da COVID-19. Métodos: Foi utilizada a metodologia conhecida como Análise Envoltória de Dados em Dois Estágios, na qual o índice de eficiência do tratamento da COVID-19 pelos hospitais públicos de Belo Horizonte, obtido no primeiro estágio, foi regredido com variáveis ambientais, isto é, variáveis que estão fora do controle dos gestores municipais. Resultados: Enquanto os índices de eficiência relativa apresentaram comportamento descendente e oscilante ao longo do tempo, as variáveis ambientais com poder de influência nos índices de eficiência, e que tiveram sinal de coeficiente conforme o esperado, foram apenas a “Taxa de ocupação da enfermaria”, a “Taxa de ocupação da UTI” e a dummy de “semana com feriado”. Conclusão: Apesar de as hipóteses não terem sido totalmente cumpridas, observou-se que as vacinações tiveram o efeito de mudar o perfil dos internados, diminuindo a idade média deles.
Análise de impacto orçamentário dos inibidores de PARP no tratamento de manutenção em primeira linha de pacientes com câncer de ovário avançado, gBRCA mutado, sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde suplementar brasileiro
Authors: Santana Pamela , Rodrigues Larissa , Fabrício Vanessa , Lanças Tatiana , Bernardino Graziela
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: O presente artigo visa disponibilizar aos gestores da saúde dados sobre o impacto orçamentário da incorporação dos inibidores de PARP (iPARPs) para o tratamento de primeira linha de manutenção de câncer de ovário avançado, gBRCA mutado, sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde suplementar. Métodos: Adotou-se o método epidemiológico, tendo como comparador a vigilância ativa em um horizonte temporal de cinco anos. Foram considerados apenas os custos de tratamento medicamentoso na análise, utilizando o pressuposto conservador de que os custos da vigilância ativa são nulos. Além disso, construiu-se uma análise de sensibilidade determinística. Resultados: O impacto orçamentário dos iPARPs na população-alvo em todo o sistema foi de R$ 78,1 milhões em cinco anos acumulados. A análise de sensibilidade apontou que o resultado do impacto orçamentário varia de R$ 54,6 milhões a R$ 101,6 milhões. A taxa de difusão da tecnologia e os parâmetros epidemiológicos foram os que exerceram a maior influência na variabilidade dos resultados. Conclusão: Os dados sugerem que a incorporação dos iPARPs na população selecionada gera um impacto orçamentário gerenciável.
Análise de custo do sequenciamento dos novos agentes para o tratamento de leucemia linfocítica crônica sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde suplementar brasileiro
Authors: Brust Leandro , Arrais Celso , Pombo Fabiano , Kashiura Diego , Lima Pedro Vitor , Travassos Ana , Silva Rafael , Tanaka Straus
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Estimar o custo do sequenciamento de tratamentos e por desfecho dos novos agentes disponíveis para o tratamento de pacientes com leucemia linfocítica crônica (LLC) em primeira linha (1L) e segunda linha (2L) em um horizonte temporal de 15 anos sob a perspectiva do sistema de saúde suplementar brasileiro. Métodos: Foi desenvolvido um modelo de sobrevida particionada com quatro transições de estados de saúde (sem progressão em 1L, sem progressão em 2L, pós-progressão e morte), considerando os seguintes regimes: venetoclax + obinutuzumabe (VenO), venetoclax + rituximabe (VenR), ibrutinibe (Ibru) e acalabrutinibe (Acala). Foram consideradas na análise as posologias em bula e as curvas de sobrevida livre de progressão (SLP) dos respectivos estudos pivotais em cada uma das linhas terapêuticas. O custo total de cada sequência considerou a soma dos custos dos regimes utilizados em 1L e 2L, baseado no preço fábrica de cada medicamento. Resultados: As sequências de tratamento iniciadas com VenO apresentaram menores custos, especialmente o regime VenO>VenR (R$ 982.447), que apontou redução de aproximadamente R$ 3 milhões em 15 anos, quando comparada às sequências de Ibru>VenR ou Acala>VenR. Na análise de custo por desfecho, a sequência VenO>VenR apresentou o menor custo por ano de SLP (R$ 104.437), até 76% inferior em relação ao sequenciamento com maior custo por ano de SLP (Ibru>VenR). Conclusões: Os resultados desta análise demonstram o impacto significativo que a 1L de tratamento possui na jornada do paciente com LLC. Adicionalmente, o presente estudo aponta o menor custo de tratamento acumulado para o sequenciamento dos regimes VenO>VenR, sugerindo que os regimes de tratamento à base de venetoclax podem contribuir de maneira substancial em uma maior eficiência na alocação de recursos pelo gestor do sistema de saúde suplementar brasileiro.
Disposição a pagar e Método de Valoração Contingente na avaliação econômica de serviços farmacêuticos
Authors: Rocha-Filho César , Castro Beatriz , Marques Matheus , Dewulf Nathalie
Published: May 2022

Objetivo: Sintetizar os principais pontos abordados em investigações de Disposição a Pagar (DAP) por serviços farmacêuticos, com foco no Método de Valoração Contingente (MVC). Métodos: Foi realizada uma revisão não sistemática com recuperação e análise de manuscritos publicados até novembro de 2020. A busca por estudos ocorreu nas bases MEDLINE, LILACS e SciELO. Resultados: Foram discutidos os fundamentos teóricos e processos metodológicos da análise, apresentando o MVC como principal perspectiva de abordagem. Enquanto delineamento do questionário, é sugerida uma estrutura que apresente, sequencialmente, os elementos: “conhecimento do participante sobre a intervenção”, “apresentação da intervenção”, “cenário hipotético”, “pergunta DAP”, “estado de saúde percebido” e “informações socioeconômicas”. No mais, é enfatizada a importância da execução de etapas de validação, tanto do instrumento quanto da avaliação. Conclusão: Avaliar a preferência declarada da população por serviços farmacêuticos é uma estratégia ainda limitada. Se realizado adequadamente, esse tipo de investigação pode auxiliar gestores e tomadores de decisão no processo de implementação de novas tecnologias de cuidado.
Investigation on Acoustic Emission Characteristics of Hole-Joint Contained Granite under a Compressive Disturbance: Experimental Insights
Authors: Li Peng , Cai Meifeng , Guo Qifeng , Ren Fenhua
Published: May 2022

Uniaxial compression experiments were performed in cross-jointed granite samples with a hole, together with acoustic emission (AE) observations, to investigate AE variability and precursory information during sample failure. The variability characteristics of multiple AE time-series parameters (including AE counts, accumulated counts, energy, accumulated energy, and b-value) and frequency domain parameters (including AE frequency and amplitude) were systematically analyzed, the variations in different parameters and precursor characteristics were compared, and the AE parameters suitable for rock failure prediction in a cavern were discussed. The results indicate that the variability characteristics of different AE parameters are different, and each parameter has a precursor phenomenon of specimen fracture. The peak value of specimen AE counts does not necessarily appear at the peak stress, but the AE counts decrease significantly when the samples are damaged. The accumulated AE count curve makes it easier to identify the precursors of sample failure. The AE energy is released at an accelerated speed when the samples are near complete failure, and a critical energy release exists in the samples. The abrupt increase in AE energy has potential as a precursor to sample failure. The b-value shows a fluctuating decline during the whole loading process and a rapid decline before sample failure. The low-frequency with high-amplitude and the high-frequency with low-amplitude signals exhibit distinct characteristics at different specimen deformation stages and are sensitive to the change in specimen stress state, so they can be used as the crucial signal source for predicting specimen failure. The joint analysis of these AE parameters can better capture the precursory information of rock failure.
THE EFFECT OF FRUITS TO THE CHARACTERISTICS OF FRUIT YOGURT
Authors: Kamber Ufuk
Published: May 2022

This study investigated the effects of yoghurt on the chemical (titratable acidity and pH), microbiological (L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus, mould and yeast counts) and sensory properties of yoghurt that was prepared with fruit (strawberry, apricot, banana, peach) (at a ratio of 20%) during the incubation (checked at 0, 90 and 210 minutes) and storage (checked at 1, 3 and 7 days) periods. When compared to plain yoghurt, the values of the traits analysed during this study were found to be significantly different about both the different fruits and the time intervals. The average acidity counts at the end of the storage period were found to be highest in strawberry yoghurt (0.665 LA), while apricot yoghurt was found to have the lowest pH rate (-0.390 pH). The average count of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus at the end of the storage period was found to be highest in strawberry yoghurt (2.983 log10 cfu/ml), while peach yoghurt was found to have the lowest rate of L. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus (1.568 log10 cfu/ml). The highest rate of S. thermophilus was found in peach yoghurt (2.648 log10 cfu/ml), while the lowest rate was in banana yoghurt (1.301 log10 cfu/ml). The highest yeast count was found in plain yoghurt (3.264 log10 cfu/ml) and the lowest mould count was in banana yoghurt (2.246 log10 cfu/ml). Sensory analysis of the fruit yoghurts revealed that, while the type of fruit had no statistically significant effect on the sensory characteristics, the most popular were banana and strawberry yoghurts. The results confirmed that the varieties of added fruit affected the pH and acidity rates of the yoghurt and influenced the development of microflora, so we concluded that these factors could consequently affect the product’s shelf life.
TEMPORAL VARIATIONS IN SOIL CHEMICAL PROPERTIES AND NUTRIENT AVAILABILITY IN RESPONSE TO MAIZE BIOCHAR PRODUCED AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES
Authors: Naeem Muhammad Asif
Published: May 2022

Biochar is a carbon-rich material produced through pyrolysis of biological material under controlled conditions. An incubation experiment was carried out in a calcareous soil to determine the temporal effect of maize biochar produced at three different temperatures 300, 400, and 500°C on soil chemical properties and nutrient availability. The variations in potassium (K), phosphorus (P), mineral nitrogen (MN), ammonium-nitrogen (NH4 + -N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3 − -N), soil organic carbon (SOC), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and pH was evaluated by adding biochar in soil @ 0, 1.0 and 1.5% for incubation period (10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 weeks). Results revealed that soil pH was decreased with biochars (B300 and B400), particularly @ 1%. At the end of incubation, CEC was increased (12%) over control with B300 added @ 1%. The SOC and K contents significantly increased by increasing pyrolysis temperature, biochar rate and incubation time. The highest increase in SOC (51%) and K (367%) was observed with B500 @ 1.5% over control. The N contents (NH4 + , NO3 − ) increased with increasing incubation time; highest NH4 + -N (97%) and NO3 − -N (118%) were observed @ 1.5% B300. Likewise, MN increased (107% over control) @ 1.5% B300. The available P increased in first 30 weeks but after that, it was decreased with increase in time. However, an increase of 65% in P over control was observed @1.5% B300. It is concluded that addition of B300 @ 1.5% improved the soil chemical properties and nutrient availability of the calcareous soil that needs to be verified further in field experiments.
SOIL PHOSPHORUS FRACTIONS AND THEIR TRANSFORMATION IN NORMAL AND SALT AFFECTED SOILS AS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC AMENDMENTS
Authors: Rashid Muhammad Farhan
Published: May 2022

The soil salinity causes physiological drought resulting in hindrance in the bio-availability of essential nutrients. The interaction between salinity and phosphorus uptake by plants is less explored. Two independent incubation experiments were conducted to study the distribution and transformation of various P fractions in normal and salt affected soils as influenced by various organic amendments application. In first experiment, three different levels of P (200, 400 and 600 mg kg-1 of soil) were applied in three soils differing in soil EC and SAR. Changes in various fractions of soil P (Ca2-P, Ca8-P, Al-P, Fe-P, Olsen-P) were estimated at different time intervals. All three soils behaved differently for P distribution among various fractions. Maximum available P (12.18 mg kg-1 ) was found in PROKA soil (saline sodic) at 400 mg kg-1 of P applied. In 2nd experiment, various organic amendments [farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM), crop residue (CR)] and sewage sludge (SS) were used, with and without adding P fertilizer @ 400 mg kg-1 to study their effect on changes in soil P, at different time intervals. Plant available Olsen-P fraction significantly increased after 90 days in all soils (normal, saline sodic, marginal saline sodic) with amendments FYM and PM but not as much with amendments CR and SS. Overall, increase in Olsen-P was higher with PM (23.2, 21.7 and 19.4 mg kg-1) and FYM (20.6, 17.6 and 20.6 mg kg-1) as compared with SS (14.3, 15.5 and 15.7 mg kg-1) and CR (12.9, 14.4 and 14.0 mg kg-1) in normal, saline sodic and marginal saline sodic soils, respectively. On the basis of these results, it was concluded that integration of PM and FYM with P level 400 mg kg-1 is an effective approach to mobilize more P available for plant uptake in normal and salt-affected soils with order of normal> saline sodic> marginal saline sodic.
Analysis of influencing factors of diabetic foot minor amputation
Authors: wang fenglin , Zhu Di , Zhou LuYao , Liang JieMei , Yang CaiZhe
Published: May 2022

Objective: To investigate the factors that influence diabetic foot (DF) minor amputation. Methods: In this case-control study, the clinical data of 955 hospitalized patients with DF were retrospectively analyzed, according to whether hospitalization amputation was divided into minor amputation and the non-amputation group, compared two groups of general data, laboratory examination, diabetes complications and complications, such as differences, multiple factors regression analysis DF Risk factors associated with minor amputation in patients. Results: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups in DPN, DR, PAD, ABI, TBI, and Wagner grades, as well as age, sex, HbA1c, FPG, Scr, SUA, TC, ALB, HDL-C, WBC, and Hb (P<0.05). The logistic regression analysis that HbA1c (odds ratio [OR] 1.082 [95% CI 1.011–1.158], p= 0.023), ABI＜0.9 (odds ratio [OR] 1.793 [95% CI 1.316–2.443],p=0.000), TBI＜0.7(odds ratio [OR] 2.569 [95% CI 1.889–3.495], p=0.000), Wagner classification (odds ratio [OR] 2.792 [95% CI 2.303–3.384], p=0.000) and PAD (odds ratio [OR] 2.343 [95% CI 1.731–3.170], p=0.000) were significant risk factors for DF minor amputation (P＜0.05). Higher Hb (odds ratio [OR] 0.981 [95% CI 0.973–0.988], p=0.000) was an independent protective factor for minor amputation. Conclusion:HbA1c, lower ankle brachial index level, and lower toe-brachial index level were all related with minor amputation. Wagner classification and diabetic peripheral angiopathy may represent a novel independent factor. In light of these concerns, early preventive and timely multidisciplinary assistance is critical to prevent diabetic foot minor amputation.
Deficiency of murine UFM1-specific E3 ligase causes microcephaly and inflammation
Authors: Zhang Jie , Zhu Huabin , Liu Siyang , Quintero Michaela , Zhu Tianyi , Xu Renshi , Cai Yafei , Han Ye , Li Honglin
Published: May 2022

The UFM1 conjugation system is a Ubiquitin (Ub) -like modification system that is essential for animal development and normal physiology of multiple tissues and organs. It consists of UFM1, a Ub-like modifier, and the UFM1-specific enzymes (namely E1 enzyme UBA5, E2 enzyme UFC1 E2, and E3 ligases) that catalyze conjugation of UFM1 to its specific protein targets. Clinical studies have identified rare genetic variants in human UFM1, UBA5 and UFC1 genes that were linked to early-onset encephalopathy and defective brain development, strongly suggesting the critical role of the UFM1 system in the nervous system. Yet the phsyiologica function of this system in adult brain remains not defined. In this study, we investigated the role of UFM1 E3 ligase in adult mouse and found that both UFL1 and UFBP1 proteins, two components of UFM1 E3 ligase, are essential for survival of mature neurons in adult mouse. Neuron-specific deletion of either UFL1 or UFBP1 led to significant neuronal loss and elevation of inflammatory response. Interestingly, loss of one allele of UFBP1 genes caused occurance of seizure-like events. Our study has provided genetic evidence for the indispensable role of UFM1 E3 ligase in mature neurons and further demonstrated the importance of the UFM1 system in the nervous system.