bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
СТАГИРАНИН, ЕРЕШАНИН И НЕ-ЉУДСКА ЖИВА БИЋА
Authors: КАЛУЂЕРОВИЋ ЖЕЉКО , МИЉЕВИЋ АНА
Published: June 2020

У првом делу чланка анализира се Аристотелово разматрање животиња, а у средишту истраживања аутора била су три питања: присуство логоса код животиња, могу ли животиње деловати вољно и јесу ли животиње одговорне за оно што чине. Стагиранинов генерални став је да животиње немају веровања, мнења, расуђивања, мишљења, разума и ума. Проучавањем његових списа утврђено је, затим, да животиње могу деловати вољно. Одговор на дилему да ли су животиње одговорне за оно што чине зависи од разумевања појма одговорности код Аристотела. Ако се одговорност разуме као регулисање свих оних активности које су учињене хотимично тј. вољно, животиње се тада могу сматрати одговорним. С друге стране, ако се опсег одговорности ограничи на моралну евалуацију нечијег делања, у коју је укључена активност логоса, животиње ће бити изузете из овако разумљеног појма одговорности. Аутори су, на Стагираниновом трагу, закључили да пошто животиње могу имати phantasiu да оно што раде јесте исправно или погрешно, оне за своје чини требају бити награђене односно кажњене. У другом делу текста испитује се Теофрастово дело О побожности, које извештава не само о његовом противљењу жртвовању животиња него и о његовом неприхватању, штавише, осуђивању конзумирања меса, односно довођења у везу ова два чина при чему је апострофирана њихова међузависност. Најважнији Ерешанинов филозофски допринос састоји се у тези да су животиње у интринсичном сродству са људима, те да је из разлога супстанцијалне природе неправедно убијати их. Људи и животиње су, између осталог, међусобно повезани посредством њихових душа. Иако нека жива бића имају више а неке мање савршене душе, све оне поседују по природи иста начела што је видљиво из наликовања њихових својстава, као и из чињенице да су им (пра)родитељи заједнички: Уран и Геа. Њихова сличност, потом, огледа се и у аспекту жудње, нагона и посебно у погледу чула. Коначно, супротно Аристотеловој рецепцији човека и његовог привилегованог статуса у природи, Теофраст је сматрао да су људи и животиње сродни и у погледу расуђивања односно промишљања.
UČENJE O TRANSCENDENTALIJAMA TOME AKVINSKOG: METAFIZIKA I SAZNANJE
Authors: POPOVIĆ UNA
Published: June 2020

Učenje o transcendentalijama Tome Akvinskog u ovom radu predstavljamo sa ciljem da ukažemo na njegovu imanentno saznajnu problematiku. Akvinčevo učenje biće analizirano s obzirom na pozadinski problem mogućnosti izgradnje transcendentalnih pojmova. Analiza rezultira naglašavanjem druge tri transcendentalije, kao ključa interpretacije celokupnog učenja, kao i isticanjem metafizičke, a ne teološke prirode problema transcendentalija. U konačnom, značaj učenja o transcendentalijama pokazuje se u svetlu izgradnje novog, tomističkog smisla metafizike.
ONTOLOGIJA RODA: FEMINISTIČKO RAZUMIJEVANJE FILOZOFIJE
Authors: KARAPETROVIĆ MILENA
Published: June 2020

Uspostavljanje roda kao analitičke kategorije znatno je uticalo na rasprave o svim važnim problemima unutar humanističkih i društvenih nauka, ali i dalje se ovaj pojam radije zaobilazi nego što je uključen u glavne struje filozofskih rasprava. Iako su feministička filozofija i filozofija roda ušle u okvire kurikuluma na mnogim svjetskim univerzitetima, još uvijek u filozofiji ostaju na marginama i u vlastitim zaštićenim prostorima. Umjesto usmjeravanja interesovanja na otvoreno pitanje o razlozima zanemarivanja feminističkih i rodnih teorija u filozofiji, ovdje će biti razmatran važan zaokret unutar samih tih teorija koji istovremeno predstavlja čvorište u njihovom razvoju. Riječ je o feminističko-filozofskom konceptu Džudit Batler, predstavljenom prije tri decenije, koji i danas daje podsticaje za nova pozicioniranja uprkos nevoljama koje donosi. Istraživanje u ovom radu prvenstveno je uokvireno njenim djelima: Nevolje s rodom (Gender Trouble), Tijela koja nešto znače (Bodies that Matter) i Raščinjavanje roda (Undoing Gender).
NEUROFILOZOFIJA I DRUŠTVENI MEDIJI: PREPLITANJA KOMPLEKSNIH MREŽA
Authors: VUKADINOVIĆ MILAN
Published: June 2020

Neuronaučni progres tokom proteklih nekoliko decenija ne samo da je postepeno razotkrio ljudski mozak kao „društveni organ“ koji je evoluirao da se poveže sa drugim mozgovima, već je takođe podstakao mogućnosti šireg neurofilozofskog pristupa sferi savremenih društvenih fenomena kao što je povećavanje ljudske interakcije na društvenim medijima omogućene novim digitalnim tehnologijama. Ne samo da bi neurofilozofija mogla da obezbedi empirijsku osnovu za objektivnije razmatranje složenih egzistencijalnih, kulturnih, političkih i etičkih aspekata ljudskog društva na aktuelnom stupnju globalne međupovezanosti, već bi i neki od pristupa s anti-redukcionističkog kraja spektra „bihejvioralnih i moždanih nauka“ (kao što su teorije haotičnih ili emergentnih dinamičkih sistema) mogli biti korisni u istraživanju kompleksnih mreža društvene interakcije koje bi mogle imati bitne efekte na jačanje demokratskih pojava poput „mudrosti gomila“, samoniklih „grasruts“ inicijativa ili plišanih revolucija.
HAJZENBERGOV POJAM ZATVORENE TEORIJE I IDEJA NAUČNE REVOLUCIJE
Authors: CMILJANOVIĆ ANJA
Published: June 2020

U ovom radu nastojaćemo da istražimo Hajzenbergov pojam zatvorene teorije i njegovo razumevanje naučnih revolucija. Motiv za Hajzenbergovo bavljenje ovim idejama filozofije nauke leži u problemu datiranom početkom XX veka, osnivanjem kvantne teorije, kada su se fizičari našli u problemu kako da razumeju odnos između klasične fizike, stare kvantne teorije i nove matrične mehanike. Najpre ćemo ispitati samu definiciju pojma zatvorene teorije, nakon čega ćemo preći na analizu osnovnih karakteristika zatvorenih sistema – ograničenost, potpuna tačnost i konačnost. Nakon toga, tematizovaćemo odnos zatvorenih sistema i mogućnost naučnih revolucija, da bismo naposletku, imajući u vidu postignute rezultate, prodiskutovali o odnosu Hajzenberga i Tomasa Kuna, odnosno o sličnosti i razlikama njihovih pojmova zatvorenog sistema i naučne paradigme.
Silencio, pasividad y disimulo: maneras de escapar cuando no hay salida y una Postdata
Authors: Fernández-Savater Amador , Varela Huerta Amarela
Published: June 2020

Este artículo, transcripción de una conferencia que dictó Amador Fernández-Savater en junio de 2019 en la UNAM, explora las estrategias de resistencia minúscula ante “una situación sin salida”. En ella el poder es omnipresente y el heroísmo o la crítica son subsumidos en la lógica del mismo código que produce la opresión. El silencio, la pasividad y el disimulo, explicados en un sentido ético, constituyen para el autor las formas de sobrevivir y resistir desde el impoder. Seguido de esta reflexión, Amarela Varela Huerta nos ofrece en su Postdata una lectura crítica y experiencial del texto de Fernández-Savater.
El “magisterio negativo del arte”. Alfonso Reyes, exégeta de Amado Nervo (1913-1941)
Authors: Martínez Carrizales Leonardo
Published: June 2020

Este artículo explora los ensayos que Alfonso Reyes recopiló en el volumen Tránsito de Amado Nervo (1937). El eje del estudio radica en la crítica y la reproducción que Reyes llevó a cabo a propósito del discurso hegemónico sobre Nervo en el horizonte cultural afectado por la inusitada popularidad del poeta. Reyes se centró en la sustancia biográfica que hizo posible el discurso alrededor de la “sinceridad” del poeta y la austeridad estilística de su aparato verbal. Este texto plantea que la oscilación del juicio de Reyes obedecía a la índole filológica de su mentalidad literaria, que no podía ofrecer continuidad histórica a la doctrina abrazada por Nervo hacia el periodo definitivo de su trayectoria, consistente en la identificación de vida humana y poesía.
El “magisterio negativo del arte”. Alfonso Reyes, exégeta de Amado Nervo (1913-1941)
Authors: Martinez Carrizales Leonardo
Published: June 2020

This article explores Alfonso Reyes collected in the volume Transit of Amado Nervo (1937). The focus of this study is the criticism and reproduction that Reyes carried out regarding the hegemonic discourse on Nervo in the cultural horizon affected by the unusual popularity of the poet. Reyes focused on the biographical substance that made possible the discourse around the poet’s “sincerity” and the stylistic austerity of his verbal apparatus. This text because it states that the oscillation of Reyes was due to the philological nature of their literary mentality, which could not offer historical continuity to the doctrine embraced by Nervo towards the definitive period of his career, consisting of the identification of human life and poetry.
Fındık Yetiştiriciliği Yapan İşletmelerde Kadınların İşgücüne Katılımı ve İşletme Kararlarına Etkisi: Samsun İli Örneği, Türkiye
Authors: KILIÇ Osman , AYDIN ERYILMAZ Gamze , BOZ İsmet
Published: June 2020

Araştırmanın amacı, fındık yetiştiriciliği yapan işletmelerde kadınların işgücüne katılımını ve işletmeyle ilgili teknik ve ekonomik konulardaki kararlara etkisini ortaya koymaktır. Veriler, Türkiye’nin Orta Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde yer alan Samsun ili Çarşamba ve Terme ilçelerinde fındık yetiştiriciliği yapan 72 işletmeyle, 2019 yılında yapılan anketlerden elde edilmiştir. İncelenen işletmelerde, ortalama 33.67 dekar olan işletme arazisinin % 55.90’ı fındık arazisine aittir. İşletmelerde fındığın tercih edilmesinin en önemli nedeni olarak, % 73.61 ile fındığın alternatif ürünlere göre daha kârlı olması gösterilmiştir. Diğer önemli nedenler ise, fındığa alım garantisinin verilmesi (% 54.70) ve fındığın uzun süre depolanabilir olmasıdır (% 47.22). İşletmelerde aile nüfusu ortalama 4.57 kişi olup, bunun % 52.95’i kadınlardan oluşmaktadır. İşletmelerde kadınlar, fındık hasadı başta olmak üzere tarımsal işlerin tamamında çalışmaktadır. Kadınlar, tarımsal faaliyetler için kullanılan işgücünün % 50.91’ini eşiyle, % 21.82’sini kendisi, % 14.55’ini çocuklarıyla, geriye kalan % 12.72’sini eltisi, gelini, kayınpederi ve kayınvalidesiyle birlikte yapmaktadır. İşletmelerde kadınlar daha çok yetiştirilecek ürünün belirlenmesi, gübre kullanımı ve hayvan satışıyla ilgili kararlarda etkilidir. Fındık yetiştiriciliğinde kullanılan işgücünün % 36.70’i kadın işgücü olmasına rağmen, kredi kullanımı, pazarlama ve tarımsal eğitimle ilgili kararlarda kadınların etkisi oldukça düşüktür. Kadınların aile içindeki etkisinin artırılması ve işletme kararlarına daha fazla katılımlarının sağlanmasında, kadınları bilinçlendirmeye yönelik projelerin yapılması önemlidir. Bu sayede kırsal alandaki kadınların, toplumun kendilerine atfettiği rolleri kabullenmek yerine, sosyal hayatta olduğu gibi işletmeyle ilgili ekonomik kararlarda da aktif olarak yer almaları sağlanmış olacaktır.﻿
Faktor Risiko Dropout Kontrasepsi Suntik Progesteron
Authors: Laila Nur , Budiono Budiono , Sunarsih Sunarsih , Aditiawarman Aditiawarman
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Prevention effort of progestogen-only prevalence rate injectable discontinuation has not got the national target and it always increases. The prevalence rate is one of causes Total Fertility Rate (TFR) increasing. The study analyzed the risk factors associated with the progestogen-only injectable discontinuation case.Methods: This study used analytic observational with cross sectional design which was carried out in Puskesmas Mojo Surabaya on March – April 2019. Population are 646 discontinuation acceptors and 5,751 non discontinuation acceptors of progestogen-only injectable. The inclusion criteria were acceptors of progestogen-only injectable discontinuation case, have a husband, not yet menopause. The exclusion criteria were acceptor of progestogen-only injectable discontinuation who used other contraception. Total samples are 44 samples obtained by with consecutive sampling. Independent variables were desire pregnancy, myths, weight change, spotting, amenorrhea, husband support. Dependent variable was the progestogen-only injectable discontinuation case. The data are collected by questionnaire, analyzed by chi-square test with α < 0.005 and multivariate analysis with independent variable p<0.25Results: The factor which correlated with the progestogen-only injectable discontinuation was husband support (p=0.012). The factors which not correlated with the case are desire pregnancy (p=1.000), myths (p=0.138), weight change (p=0.378), spotting (p=0.164), amenorrhea (p=0.192). The dominant factor was husband support (Odds Ratio = 26.571; 95%Cl = 2.497–282.736).Conclusion: The dominant factor in this study is husband support.
THE SOAKING EFFECT OF 100% SMALL WHITE GINGER EXTRACT ON THE VALUE OF THE FLEXURAL STRENGTH OF ACRYLIC BASE (Flexural Strength Value of Acrylic Base Using Acrylic Resin Heat Cured Type)
Authors: Islami Nadya , Saputera Debby , Arifin Rahmad
Published: June 2020

Background: The denture base material that is widely used is heat cured acrylic resin. One of mechanical properties of acrylic resin that must be considered in the selection of the basic denture material is flexural strength. Flexural strength is needed, among others, to resist the chewing power that must be received by dentures. The commonly used denture cleanser is Alkaline peroxide. 100% small white ginger extract can be used as natural denture cleanser. Objective:  This study aimed to compare the flexural strength of heat cured acrylic base which in soaked 100% small white ginger extract with Alkaline peroxide solution as artificial denture cleanser. Method: This study was a pure laboratory experimental study with post test only with control group design, using simple random sampling. The sample was rectangular with a size of 65x10x2,5 mm. The number of samples used was 24 heat cured resin acrylic which was divided into 3 immersion groups, 100% small ginger extract, Alkaline peroxide, and aquades. The immersion carried out for 3 days 19 hours 25 minutes, obtained from 5 minutes denture cleanser presentation every day for 3 years. Flexural strength was tested using a Universal Testing Machine 3 Point Bending. Result: The everage flexural strength value of heat cured acrylic resin after soaked in 100% small white ginger extract was 70,98, in Alkaline peroxide 87,37, and 91,05 in aquades. The data was annalyzed using parametric One Way ANOVA test and Post Hoc Bonferroni test. Conclusion: The flexural strength of heat cured acrylic resin that soaked in 100% small white ginger extract is smaller than Alkaline peroxide after immersed for 3 days 19 hours 25 minutes.
THE EFFECT OF FLAVONOID PROPOLIS KELULUT (Trigona spp) EXTRACT ON MACROPHAGE CELL NUMBER IN PERIODONTITIS (IN VIVO STUDY IN MALE WISTAR RATE (Rattus novergicus) GINGIVA)
Authors: Saidah Makfiyah , Oktiani Beta Widya , Taufiqurrahman Irham
Published: June 2020

Background : Periodontitis is a condition where there is an increase in the number of inflammatory cells, namely macrophages in periodontal tissue. Macrophag cell is 12-15μm in oval shape cell with purplish blue cytoplasm and this cell’s function is to phagocytes bacteria and infiltrate gingival tissue. Propolis kelulut contains flavonoid that have an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing the signal pathway p38 MAPK, JNK 1/2 and NF-kB that it can reduce the number of macrophage cells in inflammatory periodontal tissues. Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of 0.5 mg dose flavonoid propolis extract on the number of macrophage cells in gingiva wistar rats that have been made into a periodontitis condition. Method: This study used a pure experimental method with a post test only with control group design. There were 9 treatment groups, including flavonoid propolis extract on 1,3,5 days, ibuprofen gel on 1,3,5 days and negative control on 1,3 dan 5 days. Results: There was an effect of giving 0.5 mg flavonoids propolis kelulut extract to the number of macrophage cells in periodontitis. Conclusion: Flavonoid propolis kelulut extract has an effect in increasing the number of macrophage cells on day 3 and decreasing the number of macrophage cells on the 5th day.
ANTIBACTERIAL EFFECTIVITY OF KASTURI LEAF EXTRACT (Mangifera casturi) AGAINST THE GROWTH OF Streptococcus sanguinis BACTERIA
Authors: Sari Dita Puspita , Aspriyanto Didit , Taufiqurrahman Irham
Published: June 2020

Background: Caries is a disease that occurs because of the fermentation carbohydrates process by microorganisms in the oral cavity. One of the bacteria that causes caries is Streptococcus sanguinis. These bacteria will colonize on the tooth surface, then form dental plaques and contribute to the causes of caries and other periodontal diseases. Kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) has various compounds such as tannins, terpenoids, alkaloids, and flavonoids that have antimicrobial substances. Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine antibacterial effectivity of kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis bacteria. Method: This research was an experimental method laboratory (true experimental), with a randomized pre test and post test with control group design using 5 treatments: kasturi leaf extract (concentration: 20 mg/ml, 25 mg/ml, and 30 mg/ml); and two groups of control: positive control and negative control. Each treatment was repeated 5 times. Antibacterial activity testing used a liquid dilution method. Measurement of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) used a Uv-Vis Spectrophotometer and measurement of the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) used a colony counter. The MIC data were analyzed using One Way Anova and continued with the Dunnet Post Hoc test. MBC data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test and continued with the Mann-Whitney Post Hoc test. Result: One-Way Anova test showed that MIC had a significant difference, and the Kruskal-Wallis test showed that MBC also had significant differences. MIC was obtained at the concentration of 20 mg/ml and MBC was obtained at the concentration of 30 mg / ml. Conclusion: There is antibacterial effectiveness in kasturi leaf extract (Mangifera casturi) against the growth of Streptococcus sanguinis.
COMPARISON OF TOOTH CROWNS AND ROOTS BETWEEN BANJARESE AND JAVANESE PATIENTS AT GUSTI HASAN AMAN DENTAL HOSPITAL
Authors: Sukmana Bayu Indra , Huldani Huldani , Hakim Anugrah Qatrunnada
Published: June 2020

Background: Comparison between crowns and roots of the teeth has an important role in determining treatment planning in orthodontics and prosthodontics field. Indonesia, an archipelagic state with diverse ethnicities, is dwelled by 1.300 ethnic categories distributed in various islands including Kalimantan and Java based on the 2010 population census. Javanese is one ethnicity classified in Deutro-Malay sub-race as the result of miscegenation between Proto-Malay sub-race and Mongoloid race. Banjarese, contrarily, is derived from Proto-Malay race which based on Radam theory is originated from a low-lying area adjacent to rivers. There is an urge to examine the comparison of tooth crowns and roots between Javanese and Banjarese due to different racial origin that may greatly influence the treatment plan and prognosis of dental care. Objective: To analyze the differences in roots and crowns length of teeth between Javanese and Banjarese. Methods: All medical records of outpatients in all departments in GustiHasanAman Dental Hospital from 2018 to 2019 were examined and status card from Javanese and Banjarese patients were preferred. Result: The result of tooth roots and crowns comparison in Javanese and Banjarese outpatients at GustiHasanAman Banjarmasin Dental Hospital showed that there were differences in root and crown length between Javanese and Banjarese patients. Comparison of tooth roots and crowns between Javanese was 0.719 and Banjarese was 0.838. It can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the comparison of tooth crowns and roots between Javanese and Banjarese in GustiHasanAman Banjarmasin Dental Hospital.
PYTHOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF Musa acuminata STEM WATER EXTRACT
Authors: Carabelly Amy Nindia , Aspriyanto Didit
Published: June 2020

Background: Regenerative therapy has been progressing into the utilization of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC). Nevertheless, the limited number of MSC has put growth factor as an essential supplement for cell culture media yet relatively unaffordable because highly priced. Alternative compound which cost reasonably is required. Exogenous phytochemical material in herbal plant extract may increase the number of MSC, one of which is mauli banana stem. Purpose: To analyze secondary metabolites identified in mauli banana stem water extract. Method: Mauli banana stem was macerated using water solvent to be analyzed qualitatively for alkaloid, tannin, flavonoid, saponin, terpenoid, diterpen and steroid. Screening was followed by quantitative analysis to determine the total of alkaloid, flavonoid, condensed tannin and hydrolysable tannin. Result: Secondary metabolite compounds of mauli banana stem water extract were alkaloid (4.15%), hydrolysable tannin (1.055%), condensed tannin (0.42%) and flavonoid (0.31%). Conclusion: Mauli banana stem water extract has potential as alternative growth factor to increase the number of MSC in vitro.
Cooking is All About People: Comment Classification on Cookery Channels Using Bert and Classification Models (Malayalam-English Mix-Code)
Authors: Kazhuparambil Subramaniam , Kaushik Abhishek
Published: June 2020

The scope of a lucrative career promoted by Google through its video distribution platform YouTube 1 has attracted a large number of users to become content creators. An important aspect of this line of work is the feedback received in the form of comments which show how well the content is being received by the audience. However, volume of comments coupled with spam and limited tools for comment classification makes it virtually impossible for a creator to go through each and every comment and gather constructive feedback. Automatic classification of comments is a challenge even for established classification models, since comments are often of variable lengths riddled with slang, symbols and abbreviations. This is a greater challenge where comments are multilingual as the messages are often rife with the respective vernacular. In this work, we have evaluated top-performing classification models and four different vectorizers, for classifying comments which are a mix of different combinations of English and Malayalam (only English, only Malayalam and Mix of English and Malayalam). The statistical analysis of results indicates that Multinomial Naïve Bayes, K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest and Decision Trees offer similar level of accuracy in comment classification. Further, we have also evaluated 3 multilingual sub-types of the novel NLP language model, BERT and compared its’ performance to the conventional machine learning classification techniques. XLM was the top-performing BERT model with an accuracy of 67.31%. Random Forest with Term Frequency Vectorizer was the best the top-performing model out of all the traditional classification models with an accuracy of 63.59%.
COVID-19 Propagation Mathematical Modeling: The Case of Senegal
Authors: Diaby Mouhamadou , Diop Oumar , Konté Almamy , Sène Abdou
Published: June 2020

The outburst of the CoVid-19 pandemic has raised several questions leading to a complex system in terms of modeling. Indeed, the modeling of the epidemic, at the level of a country, needs considering each of the different sources of contamination as well as the public health authorities' strategy, in a specific way. With this in mind, in the present paper, we develop a mathematical model of the CoVid-19 epidemic in Senegal. In the model, the population is subdivided into five compartments: susceptible, infected but asymptomatic, symptomatic, quarantined, and recovered immune people. In addition, due to its important impact on the propagation of the disease, we add one more variable: the number of infected objects. %\vspace{1mm} Therefore, the model corresponds to a system of six non-linear ordinary differential equations we submit to an analytical study to prove the relevancy of the model, simulate the evolution of the epidemic, and retrieve epidemiological parameters, namely the infection rate and the basic reproduction number, ${\cal R}_0$. Based on the senegalese territory CoVid-19 data, we simulate various scenarios as for the evolution of the epidemic in the country, in order to predict the peak and its magnitude with regard to the application of barrier measures. We also explore the option of collective immunity with special protection for vulnerable people. In doing so, non-available parameters are identified using some mathematical identification technics.
Bias, Confounding, Multiplicity and Researchers’ Degrees of Freedom Combined with Segmented Publications are not Likely to Provide Accurate Estimates of Reality: A Case Study of Two Candidate-Gene Association Reports in the First Episode Psychosis Patients
Authors: Trkulja Vladimir
Published: June 2020

Estimation of the reality can easily be flawed, hence, in order to result in accurate and useful estimates the process has to be protected from bias and confounding and should follow other methodological milestones inherent to different types of empirical observations. Candidate-gene association studies are a specific form of observations that have been rather extensively applied in psychiatry yielding valuable information on various aspects – when methodologically adequate and used in appropriate settings. However, certain flaws that may occur in such studies might not be bluntly obvious, at least not at first glance, and may pass unnoticed by researchers and reviewers. This case study uses two recent published candidate-gene association reports suggesting involvement of cannabinoid receptor type 1 and of heat shock protein single nucleotide polymorphisms in development of neurocognitive performance and psychopathology in a cohort of adult first episode psychosis patients to point-out the types of flaws inevitably resulting in inaccurate and useless estimates.
Modelling Of Quasi-Stationary Electromagnetic Fields In Railguns Without Casing
Authors: Galanin Mikhail Pavlovich , Sorokin Dmitriy Leonidovich
Published: June 2020

A mathematical model of an electrodynamic rail-type accelerator without an ideal casing is constructed. A computational algorithm for the numerical solution of the problem is created. To simulate the electromagnetic field corresponding to an unlimited region, methods for specifying artificial boundary conditions have been developed. These methods are based on Green's basic integral formula and the law of Bio — Savard — Laplace. To conduct computational experiments based on the algorithm, software has been developed. The results of solving the model problem testify to the correctness and effectiveness of the developed software for studying the process of acceleration of macrobodies in the channel of a rail-type electrodynamic accelerator.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Single Point Incremental Forming of Aluminium Alloy Foils
Authors: Paniti Imre , Viharos Zsolt János , Harangozó Dóra , Najm Sherwan Mohammed
Published: June 2020

Single Point Incremental Forming (SPIF) is a flexible process to manufacture sheet metal parts that is well adapted and profitable for prototypes or small batch production. Compared to traditional sheet forming technologies this relatively slow process can be used in different applications in automotive and aircraft industries, in architecture engineering and in medical aids manufacturing. In this paper indirectly obtained axial forming force on SPIF of variable wall angle geometry were studied under different process parameters. The estimation of the forces on AlMn1Mg1 sheets with 0.22 mm initial thickness is performed by continuous monitoring of servo motor currents. The deformation states of the formed parts were analysed using the ARGUS optical strain measurement system of GOM, while the roughness measurements were carried out by a System of Mitutoyo. Some initial Finite Element Analysis simulations and a crack monitoring method together with an interaction plot of forming speed, incremental depth, tool diameter and lubrication were also reported.
Community Wound Care Program Within a Syringe Exchange Program: Chicago, 2018–2019
Authors: Huyck Michael , Mayer Stockton , Messmer Sarah , Yingling Charles
Published: June 2020

People who inject drugs (PWID) are at increased risk for developing wounds in addition to skin and soft tissue infections. The University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, College of Medicine, and School of Public Health collaborated to establish a medical clinic serving PWID attending a Chicago syringe exchange program. A wound care program was implemented to improve clinicians’ competence. During October 2018 to August 2019, 24% of all encounters were related to wound complaints.
Mandatory Bicycle Helmet Laws in the United States: Origins, Context, and Controversies
Authors: Bachynski Kathleen , Bateman-House Alison
Published: June 2020

This article examines the origins and context of mandatory bicycle helmet laws in the United States. Localities began to enact such laws in the early 1990s, having experimented with helmet laws for motorcycles previously. As cycling became increasingly popular in the 1970s and 1980s because of a variety of historical trends, from improved cycle technology to growing environmental consciousness, cycling-related injuries also increased. Bicycle safety advocates and researchers alike were particularly troubled by head injuries. National injury surveillance systems and a growing body of medical literature on bicycle-related injuries motivated a number of physicians, cyclists, children, and other community members to advocate helmet laws, which they argued would save lives. Controversy over these laws, particularly over whether they should apply universally or only to children, raised public health ethics concerns that persist in contemporary debates over bicycle helmet policies. (Am J Public Health. 2020;110:1198–1204. doi: 10.2105/AJPH.2020.305718)
Estimation of Mud Losses during the Removal of Drill Cuttings in Oil Drilling
Authors: Jinasena Asanthi , Sharma Roshan
Published: June 2020

Quantification of fluid losses at the topside is beneficial for early kick-loss detection and automation of the drilling operation. A model-based estimator is a useful tool for this purpose. The real-time estimation of the amount of fluid losses with the cuttings removal could significantly help in this regard, especially for kick detection and automation. However, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no published literature on such attempts. Therefore, a simple dynamic mathematical model of the complete closed-loop oil-well drilling system is developed in this study for estimation of the fluid losses during the removal of drill cuttings at the topside, as well as for monitoring the flow of return fluid during drilling. Furthermore, this model could provide information about the topside fluid-flow rates and fluid losses to other monitoring systems, such as kick- and loss-detection systems and automation systems. The model is used to estimate both the mud-pit level and the fluid losses during the removal of the drill cuttings through the solids-removal equipment. The model-order reduction of the flowline model using orthogonal collocation allows the model to be used in real-time estimations and/or with control systems. It is simple, easy to implement, and, more importantly, shows the necessary dynamic behavior of both the bottomside and topside of a drilling operation simultaneously. The topside model can be used together with bottomside models of varying complexity to estimate both the bottomhole pressure and the fluid losses through the solids-removal system.
Build a Bioinformatics Analysis Platform and Apply it to Routine Analysis of Microbial Genomics and Comparative Genomics
Authors: Liu Hualin , Xin Bingyue , Zheng Jinshui , Zhong Hao , Yu Yun , Peng Donghai , Sun Ming
Published: June 2020

Genomics and comparative genomics have been increasingly used as routine methods for general microbiological researches. However, it is usually necessary to call several tools or even write some scripts to complete some simple analysis, which is complicated for most biological researchers. To simplify the operation process, especially for the convenience of microbiologists in the analysis, here we have developed PGCGAP, a comprehensive, malleable and easily-installed prokaryotic genomics and comparative genomics analysis pipeline, which implements genome assembly, gene prediction and annotation, average nucleotide identity (ANI) calculation, phylogenetic analysis, COG annotation, pan-genome analysis, inference of orthologous gene groups, variants calling and annotation and screening for antimicrobial and virulence genes. Although we have tried our best to simplify the installation and usage of PGCGAP, it may be difficult for non-bioinformatician users to master it. So, a protocol was created to help microbiologists without any experience in bioinformatics to establish their own bioinformatics platform and perform routine analysis. This protocol shows how to choose equipment, to install a Linux subsystem on a laptop with windows 10 system, to install PGCGAP and perform all analysis with an example dataset. The protocol requires a basic understanding of Linux, so an additional web page was written to help uninitiated users learn Linux and whole-genome sequencing (https://github.com/liaochenlanruo/pgcgap/wiki/Learning-bioinformatics).
Predictive factors of bowel resection due to an incarcerated groin hernia
Authors: Udaka Tetsunobu , Taniguchi Atsuki , Kozai Jun , Ootsuka Tomoaki , Watanabe Nobuyuki , Endou Izuru , Yoshida Osamu , Asano Hiroaki , Kubo Masatoshi
Published: June 2020

Purpose

In this retrospective study, we assessed factors that can be used to predict the need for bowel resection due to an incarcerated groin hernia.
Methods

We enrolled a total of 83 patients diagnosed with an incarcerated groin hernia on preoperative unenhanced computed tomography (CT) between January 2010 and December 2019 in our hospital. They were divided into two groups: those who underwent bowel resection and those who did not. The clinical findings, blood test results, and unenhanced CT values of patients were examined and compared between the two groups. The indication of intestinal resection was macroscopic necrosis or perforation of the incarcerated intestine.
Results

A total of 83 patients with incarcerated groin hernias were included in our study, of whom 13 (15.7%) had undergone bowel resection surgery. A univariate analysis identified a prolonged time from the symptom onset to surgery, increased white blood cell (WBC) count, increased C-reactive protein (CRP) level, decreased albumin level, and CT attenuation of the incarcerated intestinal wall at the fundus as significant predictive factors. The cut-off value for prediction of intestinal resection was 25 HU for the average CT attenuation of the incarcerated intestinal wall at the fundus and a WBC of 11,550 based on the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. A multivariate analysis showed CT attenuation of the incarcerated intestinal wall at the fundus and an increased WBC count to be independent predictive factors.
Conclusions

Measuring unenhanced CT attenuation of the incarcerated intestinal wall at the fundus and the WBC count was suggested to be necessary for determining whether or not resection of the incarcerated intestine is required in cases of groin hernia.
Differential Management Strategies and Outcomes in Patients over 65 years with Acute Calculous Biliary Disease—Results and Insights from the ESTES Complicated Biliary Calculous Disease Snapshot Audit
Authors: Bass Gary Alan , Gillis Amy E. , Cao Yang , Mohseni Shahin , Group ESTES Cohort Studies Collaborative
Published: June 2020

Background: Acute complicated calculous biliary disease (ACCBD) may pose challenges in an ageing population. Frailty and comorbidities increase the potential risks of surgery; thus, surgeons may opt to offer operative treatments less often to their older patients. We set out to capture the incidence and treatment algorithms used across Europe to treat older patients presenting with ACCBD.Methods: Analysis of the European Society of Trauma and Emergency Surgery (ESTES) 2018 Acute Complicated Calculous Biliary Disease audit was performed. Patients undergoing emergency hospital admission with ACCBD between 1 October 2018 and 31 October 2018 were included. The primary outcome measure was operative intervention in patients over and under 65 years of age. Mortalities, post-operative morbidity, time to operative intervention, post-acute disposition and length of hospital stay were measured as secondary outcomes.Results: The median age of the 338 patients admitted to the snapshot was 67 years; 185 patients (54.7%) were over 65 years at time of admission. Significantly fewer patients over 65 underwent definitive surgical treatment, compared with those under 65 (37.8% vs. 64.7%, p <0.001). Surgical complications were seen more frequently in the over 65 cohort. Post-operative mortality was seen in 2.2% of over 65s versus 0.7% under 65(p=0.253). Mean post-operative length of stay was significantly longer in the elderly cohort. In patients surviving to discharge, post-acute convalescence or rehabilitation was required in 13.3% in the elderly cohort versus 1.9% of those under 65 (p=0.002).Conclusions: Elderly patients commonly present with ACCBD. Increased frailty and incidence of comorbid disease in this population increases the potential surgical risk. In our snapshot, elderly patients represented the majority, but far fewer were offered definitive surgical treatment. Post-operative mortality, morbidity, length of post-operative in-hospital stay and the requirement for post-discharge convalescence were higher in this group.
Identification of critical genes and pathways involved in intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) An integrated bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Zhou Jingyang , Xin Feng , Xiao Chuyu , Zhou Wuyuan
Published: June 2020

Background: In western countries and China, back and neck pain has become a common problem that bothers daily life and severely influences the quality of our daily life. Among all factors that lead to chronic neck and back pain, IDD is the one that couldn’t be easily neglected. Methods: This study aims to figure out the critical genes and pathways involved in the development of IDD and provide a new aspect of following investigations on the etiology of IDD. We firstly systemically searched the GEO database and identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from the expression profile dataset we selected. We secondly constructed the protein-protein interaction (PPI) network for DEGs, identified the top ten hub genes from the whole PPI network and found two statically and medically significant modules from the network, we then performed the GO and KEGG analysis on the DEGs, top ten hub genes, the PPI network and the two statically and medically modules. In the end, we provided the primers of the mRNAs of all DEGs, which will be useful for the validation experiment of this study. Results: FN1, MMP2, POSTN, COL3A1, TIMP3, FBN1, GJA1, TGFBI, EFEMP1 and ID1 were top ten hub genes identified from this study, and they may play a vital role in the development of IDD. Angiogenesis and integrin binging are crucial biological process and molecular function defined in this study, which are worthy of being intensely investigated.Conclusion: More studies on the top ten hub genes, the role of angiogenesis and integrin binding in IDD are urgently needed, which will benefit the prevention, screening, diagnosis and prognosis of IDD.
The Socio-Spatial Determinants of COVID-19 Diffusion: The Impact of Globalisation, Settlement Characteristics and Population
Authors: Sigler Thomas , Mahmuda Sirat , Kimpton Anthony , Loginova Julia , Wohland-Jakhar Pia , Charles-Edwards Elin , Corcoran Jonathan
Published: June 2020

Background: COVID-19 is an emergent infectious disease that has spread geographically to become a global pandemic. While much research focuses on the epidemiological and virological aspects of the COVID-19 transmission, there remains a gap in knowledge regarding the drivers of geographical diffusion between places. Here, we use quantile regression to model the roles of globalisation, human settlement and population characteristics as socio-spatial determinants of COVID-19 diffusion over a six-week period in March and April 2020.Results: The quantile regression model suggest that globalisation and settlement population characteristics related to high human mobility predict disease diffusion. Human development level (HDI) and total population predict COVID-19 diffusion in countries with a high number of total confirmed cases per million whereas larger household size, older populations, and globalisation tied to human interaction predict COVID-19 diffusion in countries with a low number of total confirmed cases per million. Conclusions: The analysis confirms that globalisation, settlement and population characteristics lead to greater disease diffusion, and primarily variables tied to high human mobility. These outcomes serve to inform policies around ‘flattening the curve’, particularly as they related to anticipated relocation diffusion from more- to less-developed countries and regions, and hierarchical diffusion from countries with higher population and density. Epidemiological strategies must be tailored to suit the range of human mobility patterns, as well as the variety of settlement and population characteristics.
Psychosocial Factors Associated with Initiation and Continuation of Substance Abuse among Preparatory Students in Addis Ababa
Authors: Berihun Eyuel , Getu Bethelhem , wondimu Habtamu , Molla Yenus
Published: June 2020

Background

Substance abuse is the use of illicit drugs or the abuse of prescription or over the Counter drugs for the purpose other than those for which they are indicated or in a manner or in quantities other than directed. Substance abuse is an emerging public health problem in Ethiopia, like other African countries.
Methods

School based cross-sectional survey was employed. A total of 326 students were randomly selected from one government and two private schools. The 296 Sample size was calculated using the formula of a single population proportion and calculated using software Epi-info stat calculation by taking 31% proportion from previous study with confidence level of 95% and 5% degree of precision. Non-response rate in this study was estimated to be 10% (30). We use self-administer questionnaire to assess the physiological factors associated with initiation and continuation of substance abuse.
Results

The magnitude and the prevalence of substance abuse were 24.8% and the commonly abused were alcohol (30.8%), kchat (15.4%) and cigarette (11%). Other substances are rarely abused. The study also showed that male students were abused substance [OR, 95% CI: 3.150 (1.451, 8.685)] three times higher than that of females. In addition those who abused substances through peer pressure or [OR, 95% CI: 7.599 (4.571, 16.174)] were eight times more likely to abuse substances in contrast with those who did not. Other psychosocial factors: curiosity, poor family relationship and stress were positively associated with substance abuse.
Conclusion

substance abuse is a threat problem to the public as well as to the preparatory students of Addis Ababa; it is strong positively associated with various variables such as male students, peer pressure, curiosity, poor family relationship and stress of students. Peer pressure was the major precipitating factor for substance abuse followed by curiosity. The most commonly abused substances were alcohol, khat and cigarette. Yet, the magnitude of factors for substance abuse is high. From this, it can be generally said that substance abuse is a pressing issue for preparatory students.
WITHDRAWN: Assessment of Benefits and Disadvantages of Implementing Cloud-Specific Solutions in Polish Companies on the Example of ERP Systems
Authors: Zieliński Remigiusz , Kot Sebastian , Zielińska Katarzyna
Published: June 2020

Both dynamics and environmental turbulences result in constant updating of IT and communication specific technologies utilized within the scope of various organizations. The Polish IT market is characterized by a dynamic development of the cloud data processing model that offers access to various resources via the network in the form of convenient services. The transfer of IT systems (including ERP) to the cloud is a complex process and while the connection can be made, it may be met with a number of problems. The predominant aim of the article, aside from theoretical considerations, is to showcase the possibilities of supporting a company’s operational schemes by means of IT solutions available within the cloud; as well as to indicate both the benefits and the difficulties Polish companies have to face while implementing cloud computing specific solutions. Within the scope of the article, selected outcomes of questionnaire surveys are going to be presented. Research results have shown that IT solutions and ERP systems available in the cloud have been positively perceived by the respondents, especially with regard to improving the overall operational efficiency of companies.
miR-498 inhibits cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting FOXK1 in gastric cancer
Authors: Liu Jinshan , Huang Ximing , Wu Liran , Zhao Zhiqiang , Fan Kun
Published: June 2020

Objective: MiR-498 has emerged as a potential molecular target for several cancer. In this study, we aimed to investigate the important function and mechanisms of miR-498 in gastric cancer.Methods: To detect the important roles of miR-498 in gastric cancer, we first measured its expression by RT-qPCR in gastric cancer cell lines. The impact of the miR-498 on gastric cancer cell proliferation were detected by CCK-8 and colony formation assays. The effect of the miR-498 on the cell apoptosis and cell cycle were detected by flow cytometry. We also used the scratch and transwell chamber assays to measure the cell migration and invasion. The expression levels of related proteins were assessed by western blot. The bioinformatics analysis was used to explore the target gene of miR-498. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were used to detect the expression levels of FOXK1 in response to miR-498 overexpression. In order to prove the role of FOXK1 in mediating the effect of miR-498 on the gastric cancer, CCK-8, colony formation, transwell chamber and flow cytometry assays were used for the further investigations.Results: The expression level of miR-498 is downregulated in gastric cancer cell lines. Overexpression of miR-498 inhibited proliferation and migration/invasion, while promoted the apoptosis of gastric cancer cells. Bioinformatics analysis indicated that miR-498 targeted on FOXK1 to inhibit the gastric cancer in vitro.Conclusion: MiR-498/FOXK1 axis may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of gastric cancers.
Irreversible Electroporation in Patients With Liver Tumours: Treated-area Patterns With Contrast-enhanced Ultrasound
Authors: Zhou Linyu , Yin Shanyu , Chai Weilu , Zhao Qiyu , Tian Guo , Xu Danxia , Jiang Tian'an
Published: June 2020

Background: To describe the contrast-enhanced ultrasound imaging findings of liver tumours after percutaneous ablation by irreversible electroporation (IRE). Methods: A prospective study of 21 malignant liver tumours (19 primary hepatic tumours and 2 hepatic metastases) treated by IRE ablation was performed. The ablation zones were evaluated by two examiners in a consensus reading performed immediately, 1 day, and 1 month after IRE ablation. The gold standard method with which the effectiveness of the treatment at 1 month is compared, is MRI. Results: Immediately after IRE ablation and up to 1 month later, the ablation zones gradually changed from hypo-echogenicity to hyper-echogenicity on conventional ultrasound, and becomes non-enhancement on contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS). There was substantial agreement (κ = 0.77, p < 0.05) between the results obtained with CEUS and those obtained with MRI 1 month after IRE ablation. Conclusions: We conclude that CEUS could be an effective tool for assessing post-irreversible electroporation ablation changes after 1 month. CEUS enables the depiction of tumour vascularity in real time and provides an easy, repeatable way.