bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Simulation of the atmospheric parameters during passage of a tropical storm over the South China Sea: a comparison with MetOcean buoy and ERA‐Interim data
Authors: P Sivaprasad , Samah Azizan Abu , Babu C. A , Fang Yue , Mohd Nor Mohd Fadzil Firdzaus , Chenoli Sheeba Nettukandy , Cheah Wee , Mazuki Muhammad Yunus Ahmad
Published: March 2020

The accuracy of Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model derived meteorological fields during the passage of a tropical storm, Pabuk, over the southern South China Sea is investigated. The European Centre for Medium‐Range Weather Forecasts’ ERA‐Interim data were also used for comparison. Data from a MetOcean buoy which captured tropical storm Pabuk were used to evaluate the accuracy of the WRF model. The period of study was from January 1, 2019 to January 5, 2019. Simulated parameters (surface temperature, wind speed and pressure) showed agreement with the buoy data before and after passage of the tropical storm. In contrast, model output shows differences from observations during the passage of the storm near 0600 UTC on January 3, 2019. Overall, surface pressure was simulated with a maximum correlation of 0.93 while the wind speed showed a minimum correlation of 0.76. The surface temperature was simulated with a correlation of 0.78. Weaker correlations arise due to differences in simulated and observed parameters during the storm. During the storm, model estimates overestimated the buoy wind speed and pressure data. The results show the inaccuracy of the simulation due to the vigorous conditions prevailing during the storm. The location of the centre of the storm differing between the model and the ERA‐Interim data could also contribute to the discrepancy of the WRF data. The MetOcean buoy provided a rare opportunity for validation of the WRF model during the storm over the understudied shallow tropical South China Sea.
Inspection of visible components in urine based on deep learning
Authors: Li Qiaoliang , Yu Zhigang , Qi Tao , Zheng Lei , Qi Suwen , He Zhuoying , Li Shiyu , Guan Huimin
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Urinary particles are particularly important parameters in clinical urinalysis, especially for the diagnosis of nephropathy. Therefore, it is highly important to precisely detect urinary particles in the clinical setting. However, artificial microscopy is subjective and time consuming, and various previous detection algorithms lack the adequate accuracy. In this study, a method is proposed for the analysis of urinary particles based on deep learning.

Methods

We used seven cellular components (i.e., erythrocytes, leukocytes, epithelial, low‐transitional epithelium, casts, crystal, and squamous epithelial cells) in the microscopic imaging of urine as the detection targets. After the extraction of features using Resnet50, feature maps of different sizes are obtained in the last few layers of the feature pyramid net (FPN). The feature maps are then input into the classification subnetwork and regression subnetwork for classification and localization respectively, and detection results are obtained. First, we introduce the basic model (RetinaNet) to detect the cellular components in urinary particles, and the features of the objects can then be extracted more effectively by replacing different basic networks. Lastly, the effects of different weight initialization methods and different anchor scales on the performance of the model are investigated.

Results

We obtained the optimal network structure based on the adjustment of the loss functional parameters, thereby achieving the best results in the test set of urinary particles. The experimental data yielded an accuracy of 88.65% with a processing time of only 0.2 s for each image on a GeForce GTX 1080 graphics processing unit (GPU). Our results demonstrate that this method cannot only achieve the speed of the first‐stage target detector, but also the accuracy of the two‐stage target algorithm in the analysis of urinary particles.

Conclusion

This study developed new automated analysis urinary particles based on deep learning, and this method is expected to be used for the automated analysis and detection of urinary particles. Moreover, our approach will be useful for the detection of other cells in the clinical setting.
A GEMPix‐based integrated system for measurements of 3D dose distributions in water for carbon ion scanning beam radiotherapy
Authors: Leidner Johannes , Ciocca Mario , Mairani Andrea , Murtas Fabrizio , Silari Marco
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Commercially available systems for ion beam reference dosimetry in water are mainly based on ionization chambers. In those systems, a large number of small detectors are typically arranged in a two‐dimensional (2D) array or matrix to achieve high spatial resolution (order of several millimeters) and large field coverage at the same time. The goal of this work was to investigate the reliability of a detector of superior spatial resolution to perform three‐dimensional (3D) ionization measurements in carbon ion pencil beams.

Methods

The GEMPix is a small gaseous detector with a highly pixelated readout, consisting of a drift region (with 2.8 cm3 × 2.8 cm3 × 0.3 cm3 volume), three gas electron multipliers (GEMs) for signal amplification and four Timepix ASICs with 55 µm pixel pitch and a total of 262,144 pixels. An integrated system was designed and built, which consists of a commercial water phantom with a three‐axis motorized arm, a reference large‐area ionization chamber for signal normalization to the beam output and the GEMPix itself. Measurements at different depths in water have been performed at the Italian National Centre for Oncological Hadrontherapy (CNAO) with three carbon ion beam energies. Lateral beam profiles measured with the GEMPix at the shallowest depth were compared to those measured with radiochromic EBT3 films in air in the position of the reference ionization chamber. The Timepix readout was calibrated in energy by using one independent depth scan with carbon ions of 150 mm range. Bragg peak curves were also simulated using the Monte Carlo FLUKA code as a reference.

Results

Beam profiles measured with the GEMPix were smooth and showed similar shape and full width at half maximum when compared to those measured with radiochromic EBT3 films. Smooth, reproducible Bragg curves were obtained with statistical uncertainties of about 2%, matching FLUKA simulations of the Bragg curves within 15% for most data points. This difference is partially explained for the measurement with carbon ions of 150 mm range by a saturation effect in the GEMs. The high granularity of the readout allowed to produce 2D images of the deposited dose at different depths, as well as 3D data distributions.

Conclusions

This paper demonstrates the capability of the GEMPix detector to measure the 3D dose distribution of carbon ions in water for a clinical pencil beam reliably. In the future, the detector area will be increased to cover fields of scanned beams. Measurements at higher beam intensities and with protons are planned.
Cold aggravates abnormal excitability of motor axons in oxaliplatin‐treated patients
Authors: Bennedsgaard Kristine , Ventzel Lise , Grafe Peter , Tigerholm Jenny , Themistocleous Andreas C. , Bennett David L. , Tankisi Hatice , Finnerup Nanna B.
Published: March 2020

Introduction

Cold allodynia is often seen in the acute phase of oxaliplatin treatment, but the underlying pathophysiology remains unclear.

Methods

Patients scheduled for adjuvant oxaliplatin for colorectal cancer were examined with quantitative sensory testing and nerve excitability tests at baseline and after the second or third oxaliplatin cycle at different skin temperatures.

Results

Seven patients were eligible for examination. All patients felt evoked pain and tingling when touching something cold after oxaliplatin infusion. Oxaliplatin decreased motor nerve superexcitability (P < .001), increased relative refractory period (P = .011), and caused neuromyotonia‐like after‐activity. Cooling exacerbated these changes and prolonged the accommodation half‐time.

Discussion

The findings suggest that a combined effect of oxaliplatin and cooling facilitates nerve excitability changes and neuromyotonia‐like after‐activity in peripheral nerve axons. A possible mechanism is the slowing in gating of voltage‐dependent fast sodium and slow potassium channels, which results in symptoms of cold allodynia.
Hypothesis: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and environmental pollutants
Authors: Swash Michael , Eisen Andrew
Published: March 2020

Genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors are relevant in the causation of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) in a multistep cascade. We suggest that exposure to environmental pollutants in early life is one such factor. ALS was first described in the 19th century in the context of the Industrial Revolution that began more than 50 years earlier. The rising incidence of ALS thereafter correlates with increasing longevity, but this is an incomplete association. We suggest that increasing exposure to environmental pollutants due to industrial activity, acting over a lifetime, is also important. The combination of genetic mutations and pollutant exposure, with increased life expectancy, may account for the apparent variations in incidence of the disease in different countries and continents and even regionally within a given country. This hypothesis is testable by focused epidemiological studies, evaluating early and lifelong industrial pollutant exposure of differing types, within the Bradford Hill framework.
Impact of Enteral Feeding on Vasoactive Support in Septic Shock: A Retrospective Observational Study
Authors: Ewy Matthew , Aqeel Masooma , Kozeniecki Michelle , Patel Kadam , Banerjee Anjishnu , Heyland Daren K. , Patel Jayshil J.
Published: March 2020

Background

Introducing enteral nutrition (EN) during hemodynamic instability may induce the splanchnic steal phenomenon, which may worsen systemic oxygen delivery and increase vasopressor dose. We aimed to determine the change in vasopressor dose in septic shock patients who received concomitant EN. We hypothesize that EN delivery is not associated with worsening hemodynamic instability, as defined by an increase in vasopressor dose ≥50% at 24 hours.

Methods

This is a retrospective observational cohort study of adult patients with septic shock who were admitted to the intensive care unit from January 2015 to June 2015 and received EN. Vasopressor and EN parameters were collected at 6‐hour intervals for the first 24 hours.

Results

Data were available for 28 consecutive patients. The mean age was 60 years (SD = 18), and 54% were females. Norepinephrine (NE) was used in 100%. EN and vasopressor overlap totaled 36 hours (interquartile range [IQR], 27–69). Median NE dose when starting EN was 5.9 μg/min (IQR, 3.88). Median change in dose from 0 to 6 hours was 0.85 μg/min (95% CI, 0.681.06; P = 0.136), corresponding to a median increase of 14.5%. Total NE duration was 60.5 hours (IQR, 47.5–75.5). No serious complications occurred.

Conclusion

The median vasopressor dose did not increase by ≥50% during the first 24 hours of EN. This suggests early EN delivered during septic shock is not associated with worsening hemodynamic instability. Limitations include a small sample size and residual confounding. Prospective data are needed.
Weight Loss After Obesity is Associated with Increased Food Motivation and Faster Weight Regain in Mice
Authors: Matikainen‐Ankney Bridget A. , Ali Mohamed A. , Miyazaki Nanami L. , Fry Sydney A. , Licholai Julia A. , Kravitz Alexxai V.
Published: March 2020

Objective

While changes in diet often result in short‐term weight loss, weight loss is not typically maintained. It remains unclear why long‐term weight loss is so difficult. It was hypothesized that obesity produces persistent changes in behavior that bias animals toward weight regain after weight loss.

Methods

Mice were induced to gain weight with a high‐fat diet for 6 weeks and then induced to lose this weight with a low‐fat diet for 7 subsequent weeks. A control group was maintained on the low‐fat diet for all 13 weeks. Activity was measured continuously with home cage activity monitors for the entire experiment. Motivation for sweetened food pellets was tested following weight loss. A separate group of mice was reexposed to a high‐fat diet following 2, 4, or 8 weeks of withdrawal to assess the rate of weight regain.

Results

Activity levels decreased as animals gained weight and partially recovered following weight loss. Motivation for sucrose pellets was persistently heightened after weight loss. Consistent with these behavioral changes, mice also regained weight at a faster rate when reexposed to a high‐fat diet after a period of weight loss.

Conclusions

Weight loss after obesity was associated with increased motivation for palatable food and an increased rate of weight regain.
Use Risk‐Based Asset Prioritization to Develop Accurate Capital Budgets
Authors: Grewe Matthew , Sexton Phillip , Dellenbach David
Published: March 2020

North Charleston Sewer District (NCSD) was founded in 1972 to provide wastewater service for customers in an area approximately 60 mi2 in three different South Carolina counties, including six municipalities. The district currently has about 31,000 customers and manages approximately 480 miles of a gravity collection system, 35 miles of force mains, and 11 miles of identified lateral connections. In total, the linear asset network is 520–530 miles.
Live‐Pressure Main Investigations Yield Unique Insights
Authors: Wick Samuel
Published: March 2020

Water utilities that need to investigate their assets without shutting down service can now do so with visual and acoustic methods that inspect pressurized potable water mains. Such technology frequently uses a high‐definition closed‐circuit television camera for visual condition assessment, a hydrophone for leak detection, and a sonde for pipeline tracing or asset location.
The impact of interest rate on the demand for credit in Ghana
Authors: Maiti Moinak , Esson Ishmael Ali , Vuković Darko
Published: March 2020

This article investigates the impact of financial liberalization on the demand for credit in Ghana. It contributes by making suggestions pertaining to questions on the effectiveness of interest rate liberalization in driving private sector demand for credit both in the short and the long‐run, as well as the speed of adjustments to equilibrium after the implementation of the financial liberalization programme. The study results indicate that interest rate has no significant impact on the demand for credit both in the short‐run and long‐run. Moreover, inflation has a negative significant effect on the demand for credit in the short‐run. The results also suggest that about 66% of disequilibrium from the preceding year is corrected in the current year. However, these findings seem to indicates that the financial market in Ghana is not fully competitive. The oligopolistic and noncompetitive financial system may be attributable to the extreme minimum capital requirement and the emerging consolidation of commercial banks through government takeovers as well as the various credit rationing practices by banks aimed at reducing the risk of adverse selection and insolvency.
Genetic and clinical risk factors associated with phenytoin‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions in Thai population
Authors: Sukasem Chonlaphat , Sririttha Suthida , Tempark Therdpong , Klaewsongkram Jettanong , Rerkpattanapipat Ticha , Puangpetch Apichaya , Boongird Apisit , Chulavatnatol Suvatna
Published: March 2020

Objective

This study aimed to describe the genetic and clinical risk factors associated with phenytoin‐induced cutaneous adverse drug reactions (PHT‐induced cADRs) in Thai patients.

Method

A retrospective case‐control study was conducted among 88 PHT‐ cADRs (25 SJS/TEN, 37 DRESS/DIHS and 26 MPE) compared to 70 PHT‐tolerant controls during 2008‐2017. Genotyping was performed by Taqman RT‐PCR (EPHX1 337 T > C, EPHX1 416A > G and CYP2C9*3), pyrosequencing (UGT1A1*28, UGT1A1*6) and polymerase chain reaction‐sequence‐specific oligonucleotide probe (HLA‐B). Chi‐squared test and binary logistic regression were used to identify factors associated with PHT‐cADRs.

Results

Multivariate analysis showed that HLA‐B*46:01 was significantly associated with all PHT‐induced cADRs (OR 2.341; 95% CI, 1.078‐5.084; P = .032). Age of ≥60 years showed a significant association with PHT‐induced SJS/TEN (OR 3.600; 95% CI, 1.214‐10.672; P = .021). CYP2C9*3 was almost reaching statistically associated with an increased risk of PHT‐induced SJS/TEN (OR 4.800; 95% CI, 0.960‐23.990; P = .056). While HLA‐B*56:02/04 was found to have a significant association with PHT‐induced DRESS/DIHS (OR 29.312; 95% CI, 1.213‐707.994; P = .038). Moreover, female gender and HLA‐B*40:01 were associated with an increased risk of PHT‐induced MPE at OR 5.734; 95% CI, 0.910‐58.351; P = .042 and OR 3.647; 95% CI, 1.193‐11.147; P = .023, respectively.

Conclusion

Both clinical (advanced age, female gender) and genetic factors (HLA‐B*46:01, CYP2C9*3, HLA‐B*56:02/04 and HLA‐B*40:01) contributed to the risk of PHT‐induced cADRs. Further studies with larger sample size may be warranted to confirm these findings and also the influence of EPHX1 gene.
Medication burden and frailty in older adults with intellectual disability: An observational cross‐sectional study
Authors: O'Connell Juliette , Henman Martin C. , McMahon Niamh , Burke Éilish , McCallion Philip , McCarron Mary , O'Dwyer Máire
Published: March 2020

Purpose

Recently, efforts have been made to quantify frailty among older adults with intellectual disability (ID). Medication exposure is associated with frailty among older adults without ID. However, there is little research on this association among older adults with ID. The aim of this study was to examine specifically in people with ID the association between frailty and medication exposure, including anticholinergic and sedative medication exposure.

Methods

Data were drawn from Wave 2 (2013/2014) of the Intellectual Disability Supplement to the Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing (IDS‐TILDA), a nationally representative study of older adults with ID in Ireland. A modified version of Fried's frailty phenotype was constructed. Drug burden measures were polypharmacy, Drug Burden Index (DBI), Anticholinergic Cognitive Burden (ACB) and Sedative Load Model. Multinomial logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and identify associations between frailty and drug burden.

Results

This study included 570 participants with ID. Excessive polypharmacy (use of ≥10 medications) was significantly associated with being pre‐frail (P = .017; OR = 2.56; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.19‐5.50) and frail (P < .001; OR 7.13; 95% CI 2.81‐18.12), but DBI, ACB or Sedative Load score were not significantly associated with frailty status (P > .05).

Conclusions

This is the first study to examine frailty and its association with medication use including anticholinergic and sedative medication burden among older adults with ID. Further research is required to investigate frailty as measured by other frailty models in relation to medication burden in older adults with ID.
Myocardial strain on admission predicts disease severity in infants hospitalized for bronchiolitis
Authors: Claudia Massolo Anna , Vanina Cantone Giulia , Maria Caterina Musolino Anna , Corsini Iuri , Patel Neil , Evangelisti Melania , Monaco Francesca , Pia Villa Maria , Braguglia Annabella
Published: March 2020

Objective

To assess cardiac function in infants with bronchiolitis and the association with disease severity and outcomes.

Working Hypothesis

Cardiac function may be impaired in bronchiolitis and represent an early predictor of disease severity.

Study Design

A prospective cohort study.

Patient Selection

Infants with suspected bronchiolitis were included.

Methodology

All cases received antigen detection and viral genome detection from nasal lavage or swabs and echocardiography within 24 hours from admission. Systolic and diastolic function in left ventricle (LV) and right ventricle (RV) were assessed using longitudinal strain (LS), a measure of myocardial deformation. Pulmonary artery pressures were estimated using tricuspid regurgitation jet (TR), when present, and end‐systolic eccentricity index (EI ES). Main outcomes (duration of respiratory support, length of stay [LOS], and type of respiratory support) were collected. Data were compared to normative existing data, and a group of healthy infants, matched in age.

Results

Twenty‐eight infants with bronchiolitis and 10 healthy comparators were included. Cases with bronchiolitis showed significantly lower values of RV LS and LV LS compared to healthy comparators (LV: p0.04 and RV: P < .001). Ten infants (36%) had a normal biventricular function, nine (32%) had LV impairment, and nine (32%) had a biventricular impairment. No significant differences were found in TR and EI ES. Infants with biventricular impairment demonstrated a significant increase in LOS (p0.04) and higher levels of respiratory support compared to the healthy comparators (P = .03).

Conclusions

Bronchiolitis is associated with myocardial impairment. Cardiac function is related to disease severity and outcome.
Effects of garlic supplementation on liver enzymes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Authors: Panjeshahin Asieh , Mollahosseini Mehdi , Panbehkar‐Jouybari Monireh , Kaviani Mojtaba , Mirzavandi Farhang , Hosseinzadeh Mahdieh
Published: March 2020

Current evidence on the beneficial effects of garlic on liver enzymes is contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review and meta‐analysis is to evaluate the effect of garlic supplementation on human liver enzymes, such as Alanine Transaminase (ALT/SGPT) and Aspartate Transaminase (AST/SGOT). To collect the required data, PubMed, Scopus, ISI Web of Science, and Google scholar databases were systematically searched from inception to June 2019. A meta‐analysis was conducted using the random‐effects model to evaluate the effects of garlic supplementation on ALT and AST levels. The Cochran's Q‐test and inconsistency index were also used to evaluate heterogeneity among the studies. Among a total of 15,514 identified articles, six studies (containing 301 participants) met the inclusion criteria. Results of the meta‐analysis showed that garlic supplementation significantly decreased AST level (Hedges' g = −0.36, 95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.72, −0.004, p = .047); whereas, it had no significant effect on ALT level (Hedges' g = −0.22, 95% CI: −0.64, 0.20, p = .310). Results showed that garlic supplementation reduced AST levels significantly; however, had no significant effect on ALT levels. Further studies are still needed to confirm the results.
Systematic literature review of primary‒secondary transitions: International research
Authors: Jindal‐Snape Divya , Hannah Elizabeth F. S. , Cantali Dianne , Barlow William , MacGillivray Stephen
Published: March 2020

A systematic literature review of international empirical research was conducted to understand the impact of primary‒secondary transition on children’s experiences, outcomes and protective/risk factors. The review covered the period 2008‒2018 and met the gap in previous literature reviews. Using the EPPI‐Centre approach, authors included 96 studies in the review. Synthesis of the findings suggested that, in the main, perceived and real relationships with teachers and peers led to positive or negative experiences. Pupils and parents were primarily concerned with changes in relationships during the transition from primary to secondary school. Some studies reported that transition can also have a positive effect on opportunities for establishing new friendships. There was a decline in educational and wellbeing outcomes, and there was a link between the two. However, we cannot say with any confidence whether this impact on outcomes was as a result of the transition to secondary school, and whether it was sustained over time. Protective and risk factors were related to the child and significant others in their ecosystem. There were contradictory findings about the impact of organisational and educational systems. A limited number of studies examined the differential impact of transitions on children with additional support needs. This review is the first to bring together various aspects of transitions and as a result provides some unique insights and makes an original contribution. It became clear that it is difficult to predict the impact of interactions between experiences, outcomes and factors, given the gaps in existing literature. The paper concludes with recommendations for policy, practice and future research.
A Polymer‐Reinforced SEI Layer Induced by a Cyclic Carbonate‐Based Polymer Electrolyte Boosting 4.45 V LiCoO2/Li Metal Batteries
Authors: Hu Rongxiang , Qiu Huayu , Zhang Huanrui , Wang Peng , Du Xiaofan , Ma Jun , Wu Tianyuan , Lu Chenglong , Zhou Xinhong , Cui Guanglei
Published: March 2020

Lithium (Li) metal batteries (LMBs) are enjoying a renaissance due to the high energy densities. However, they still suffer from the problem of uncontrollable Li dendrite and pulverization caused by continuous cracking of solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layers. To address these issues, developing spontaneously built robust polymer‐reinforced SEI layers during electrochemical conditioning can be a simple yet effective solution. Herein, a robust homopolymer of cyclic carbonate urethane methacrylate is presented as the polymer matrix through an in situ polymerization method, in which cyclic carbonate units can participate in building a stable polymer‐integrated SEI layer during cycling. The as‐investigated gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) assembled LiCoO2/Li metal batteries exhibit a fantastic cyclability with a capacity retention of 92% after 200 cycles at 0.5 C (1 C = 180 mAh g−1), evidently exceeding that of the counterpart using liquid electrolytes. It is noted that the anionic ring‐opening polymerization of the cyclic carbonate units on the polymer close to the Li metal anodes enables a mechanically reinforced SEI layer, thus rendering excellent compatibility with Li anodes. The in situ formed polymer‐reinforced SEI layers afford a splendid strategy for developing high voltage resistant GPEs compatible with Li metal anodes toward high energy LMBs.
A multidomain virtual network embedding algorithm based on multiobjective optimization for Internet of Drones architecture in Industry 4.0
Authors: Zhang Peiying , Wang Chao , Qin Zeyu , Cao Haotong
Published: March 2020

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has a broad application prospect in the future, especially in the Industry 4.0. The development of Internet of Drones (IoD) makes UAV operation more autonomous. Network virtualization technology is a promising technology to support IoD, so the allocation of virtual resources becomes a crucial issue in IoD. How to rationally allocate potential material resources has become an urgent problem to be solved. The main work of this paper is presented as follows: (a) In order to improve the optimization performance and reduce the computation time, we propose a multidomain virtual network embedding algorithm (MP‐VNE) adopting the centralized hierarchical multidomain architecture. The proposed algorithm can avoid the local optimum through incorporating the genetic variation factor into the traditional particle swarm optimization process. (b) In order to simplify the multiobjective optimization problem, we transform the multiobjective problem into a single‐objective problem through weighted summation method. The results prove that the proposed algorithm can rapidly converge to the optimal solution. (c) In order to reduce the mapping cost, we propose an algorithm for selecting candidate nodes based on the estimated mapping cost. Each physical domain calculates the estimated mapping cost of all nodes according to the formula of the estimated mapping cost, and chooses the node with the lowest estimated mapping cost as the candidate node. The simulation results show that the proposed MP‐VNE algorithm has better performance than MC‐VNM, LID‐VNE, and other algorithms in terms of delay, cost and comprehensive indicators.
From the black box to the fish farming development policy project: A diagnosis from the viable system model
Authors: Alves Juliana Mariano , Rodrigues Waldecy , Vergara Fernán Enrique , Souza Fred Newton , Terra Leonardo Augusto Amaral
Published: March 2020

A review of the current literature on the global relevance of fish farming reveals the complexity and uncertainty arising from problem situations related to the management of fishery resources. Thus, the present paper is aimed to present an example of the application of the viable system model in the organizational context of the fisheries development policy. It describes the process that begins by clarifying the identity, purpose, and limits of the political organization in question, followed by the vertical and horizontal unfolding of its complexity. The results demonstrate that the recursive structures have much to contribute to the consistency of the political decision processes, besides reducing the social and organizational costs supported by many current policies. The model adopted can guide the leaders of public and private organizations to apply cybernetic concepts to improve the communication and actions of their strategic policies, establishing conditions for the development of fish farming.
Physical and Mathematical Simulation of Surface‐Free Vortex Formation and Vortex Prevention Design during the End of Casting in Tundish
Authors: Ruan Yanwei , Yao Yu , Shen Shiyi , Wang Bo , Zhang Jieyu , Huang Junkai
Published: March 2020

Herein, the formation of the vortex and slag entrainment in tundish is studied by using mathematical and physical simulation. This article aims at contributing to the understanding of the free surface vortex formation in continuous casting tundish at the end of casting. A 3D multiphase mathematical model using the renormalization group (RNG) k–ε turbulence model is developed to predict the vortex formation and slag layer behavior on the scale of the 1:4 water model of a two‐strand slab tundish. The Eulerian volume of fluid model is adopted to track the steel–slag–air free surface and vortex, and the effect of Coriolis force is considered in this simulation. An improved vortex prevention design is also proposed by changing the position of the diversion hole on the dam of the tundish, which is compared with the original scheme using numerical and physical simulation. The predicted results of the vortex structure and the critical height of the vortex formation agree well with the water modeling results. It is demonstrated that the critical height of the vortex formation is reduced significantly by regulating the position of the diversion hole on the dam near the outlet of the tundish.
Mechanism and optimum design of shared tuned mass damper for twin‐tower structures connected at the top by an isolated corridor
Authors: Lyu Qing , Lu Wensheng , Wang Weiqiang , Chen Yue
Published: March 2020

The concept of shared tuned mass damper (STMD) for twin towers linked by a sky corridor using flexible joints is proposed in this paper. The analytical expressions of the transform functions and random earthquake responses of the flexibly connected structures are derived using a three‐degrees‐of‐freedom model system. The seismic reduction mechanism of the STMD is revealed using comparative analysis between the structures with STMD and those connected using a viscoelastic damper. The effect of the nondimensional parameters such as the frequency ratio of the two primary structures, mass ratio, tuning frequency ratio of the corridor, and damping ratio of the passive control devices on the structural seismic response is investigated. Optimum parametric analysis is performed using the principle of minimizing the displacements of both towers, and the optimal parameter formulas are established. Numerical analysis is conducted to verify the control effectiveness of the connected multi‐degree‐of‐freedom system subjected to the El Centro earthquake ground motion. The results show that the earthquake responses of the towers can be effectively reduced if the parameters of the flexible connecting elements are appropriately selected for a certain corridor mass. Moreover, a remarkable seismic reduction effect can be achieved if the towers have similar dynamic properties.
Recovery of the type specimen ofAvena breviaristata, an endemic Algerian grass species collected only once (1882): Morphology, taxonomy and botanical history
Authors: Gabriel Jennifer , Tkach Natalia , Röser Martin
Published: March 2020

Avena breviaristata, collected only once (1882) in Algeria and never re‐collected since, is a very mysterious grass species because unfortunately even the type specimen got lost 60–80 years ago. Morphological information on this species was thus based on a few published descriptions, which made it difficult, however, to correctly infer the genus affiliation of this morphologically odd species.Avena breviaristatabecame affiliated in the past with various oat‐like genera (Avenula,Helictotrichon,Tricholemma). Due to the recent rediscovery of the type specimen at the P herbarium and the opportunity to study this specimen, we report here on the morphological characters ofA. breviaristata, underpinned by meaningful illustrations. They are discussed in comparison with the morphology of representative species of the above‐mentioned genera. Uncommon characters of the spikelets (type of disarticulation of the rachilla, lemma structure, lodicules) and to some extent of the inflorescences, leaves and leaf sheaths support the inclusion ofA. breviaristatain the North African genusTricholemma. Considering biogeography,T. breviaristatumfrom the arid Hauts Plateaux in Algeria is a highly xeromorphic counterpart of the mesomorphic speciesT. jahandiezii, which is confined to higher altitudes of the rather humid Moyen Atlas in Morocco. This underlines the status ofTricholemmaas a relic endemic. Our morphological survey supports the classification ofAvenula(onlyA. pubescens) as separate fromHelictotrichons.str. andHelictochloa. Moreover, morphological evidence does not support an origin ofA. pubescensby intergeneric hybridization between the latter genera as hypothesized in some prior studies. Especially the glabrous palea, the special shape of the lodicules and the structure of the awn show no intermediacy. The complicated history of the type collection ofT. breviaristatumand the role of botanical authors are given.
Wild rodents and insectivores as carriers of pathogenic Leptospira and Toxoplasma gondii in The Netherlands
Authors: Krijger Inge M. , Ahmed Ahmed A. A. , Goris Maria G. A. , Cornelissen Jan B. W. J. , Groot Koerkamp Peter W. G. , Meerburg Bastiaan G.
Published: March 2020

Small mammals such as rodents can to carry zoonotic pathogens. Currently, there is impaired knowledge on zoonotic pathogens in rodents and insectivores in the Netherlands. This limits opportunities for preventive measures and complicates risk‐assessments for zoonotic transmission to humans. Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii are present on a list of prioritized emerging pathogens in the Netherlands and were therefore the focus of this study. Both pathogens have the ability to survive under moist environmental conditions. In total, a group of 379 small mammals (rodents & insectivores) were tested on pathogenic Leptospira spp., and 312 on T. gondii. Rodents and insectivores were trapped at various sites, but mostly on pig and dairy farms throughout the country. Over five percent of the animals (5.3%, n = 379) tested positive for Leptospira DNA, and five of the animals (1.6%, n = 312) tested were positive for T. gondii DNA. The animals positive for T.gondii were all brown rats and the ones for Leptospira spp. were various species. Our results show that insectivores and rodents might be used as an indicator for the environmental contamination and/or the contamination in wildlife for Leptospira spp.
Sensitivity to light sterile neutrinos at ESSnuSB
Authors: Ghosh Monojit , Ohlsson Tommy , Rosauro-Alcaraz Salvador
Published: March 2020

Abstract

We present a comprehensive analysis in the 3+1 active-sterile neutrino oscillation scenario for the sensitivity of the ESSnuSB experiment in the presence of light sterile neutrinos assuming both a far (FD) and a near (ND) detector. Our analysis show that when the ND is included, the results are significantly different compared to the ones obtained with the FD only. We find that the capability of ESSnuSB to constrain the sterile mixing parameters is sin2 2θμe∼ 10−4 for ∆m2 = 1 eV2 if the ND is included and it becomes sin2 2θμe∼ 10−2 without the ND. Furthermore, we show that the sensitivity can go down to sin2 2θμe∼ 10−3 for the most conservative choice of the systematics on the ND. Comparing the sensitivity with T2HK, T2HKK, and DUNE by considering the FD only, we find that the sensitivity of ESSnuSB is smaller for most of the parameter space. Studying the CP violation sensitivity, we find that if the ND is included, it can be larger in the 3+1 scenario than in the standard one. However, if the ND is not included, the sensitivity is smaller compared to the one in the standard scenario. We also find that the CP violation sensitivity due to δ13 is larger compared to the one induced by δ24. The sensitivities are slightly better for the dominant neutrino running ratio of ESSnuSB.
The SF3b complex: splicing and beyond
Authors: Sun Chengfu
Published: March 2020

The SF3b complex is an intrinsic component of the functional U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP). As U2 snRNP enters nuclear pre-mRNA splicing, SF3b plays key roles in recognizing the branch point sequence (BPS) and facilitating spliceosome assembly and activation. Since the discovery of SF3b, substantial progress has been made in elucidating its molecular mechanism during splicing. In addition, numerous recent studies indicate that SF3b and its components are engaged in various molecular and cellular events that are beyond the canonical role in splicing. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the SF3b complex and highlights its multiple roles in splicing and beyond.
A think-aloud study to inform the design of radiograph interpretation practice
Authors: Yoon Jong-Sung , Boutis Kathy , Pecaric Martin R. , Fefferman Nancy R. , Ericsson K. Anders , Pusic Martin V.
Published: March 2020

Models for diagnostic reasoning in radiology have been based on the observed behaviors of experienced radiologists but have not directly focused on the thought processes of novices as they improve their accuracy of image interpretation. By collecting think-aloud verbal reports, the current study was designed to investigate differences in specific thought processes between medical students (novices) as they learn and radiologists (experts), so that we can better design future instructional environments. Seven medical students and four physicians with radiology training were asked to interpret and diagnose pediatric elbow radiographs where fracture is suspected. After reporting their diagnosis of a case, they were given immediate feedback. Participants were asked to verbalize their thoughts while completing the diagnosis and while they reflected on the provided feedback. The protocol analysis of their verbalizations showed that participants used some combination of four processes to interpret the case: gestalt interpretation, purposeful search, rule application, and reasoning from a prior case. All types of processes except reasoning from a prior case were applied significantly more frequently by experts. Further, gestalt interpretation was used with higher frequency in abnormal cases while purposeful search was used more often for normal cases. Our assessment of processes could help guide the design of instructional environments with well-curated image banks and analytics to facilitate the novice’s journey to expertise in image interpretation.
Development of a sensitive monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA to detect Vip3Aa in genetically modified crops
Authors: Liu Weixiao , Liu Xuri , Liu Chao , Zhang Zhe , Jin Wujun
Published: March 2020

Objectives

To develop a sensitive monoclonal antibody-based sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to detect Vip3Aa in genetically modified (GM) crops and their products.

Results

Vegetative insecticidal proteins (Vips) are secreted by Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) and are known to be toxic to Lepidoptera species. Vip3Aa family proteins, Vip3Aa19 and Vip3Aa20, were successfully applied in GM crops to confer an effective and persistent insecticidal resistance. A sensitive monoclonal antibody-based sandwich ELISA was developed to detect Vip3Aa in GM crops and their products. Two monoclonal antibodies were raised against the overexpressed and purified His-Vip3Aa20, were purified from mouse ascites and characterized. A sandwich ELISA method was developed using the 2G3-1D7 monoclonal antibody for capture and the biotin-labeled 1F9-1F5 monoclonal antibody for detection of Vip3Aa20. The linear detection range of the method was found to be approximately 31.25–500 pg/ml, with a sensitivity of 10.24 pg/ml.

Conclusions

The established ELISA was effective for detecting Vip3Aa family proteins other than Vip3Aa8, and was successfully applied in the detection of Vip3Aa20 and Vip3Aa19 expressed in transgenic maize and cotton.
Practical relevance of software engineering research: synthesizing the community’s voice
Authors: Garousi Vahid , Borg Markus , Oivo Markku
Published: March 2020

Software engineering (SE) research should be relevant to industrial practice. There have been regular discussions in the SE community on this issue since the 1980’s, led by pioneers such as Robert Glass. As we recently passed the milestone of “50 years of software engineering”, some recent positive efforts have been made in this direction, e.g., establishing “industrial” tracks in several SE conferences. However, many researchers and practitioners believe that we, as a community, are still struggling with research relevance and utility. The goal of this paper is to synthesize the evidence and experience-based opinions shared on this topic so far in the SE community, and to encourage the community to further reflect and act on the research relevance. For this purpose, we have conducted a Multi-vocal Literature Review (MLR) of 54 systematically-selected sources (papers and non peer-reviewed articles). Instead of relying on and considering the individual opinions on research relevance, mentioned in each of the sources, the MLR aims to synthesize and provide the “holistic” view on the topic. The highlights of our MLR findings are as follows. The top three root causes of low relevance, discussed in the community, are: (1) Researchers having simplistic views (or wrong assumptions) about SE in practice; (2) Lack of connection with industry; and (3) Wrong identification of research problems. The top three suggestions for improving research relevance are: (1) Using appropriate research approaches such as action-research; (2) Choosing relevant (practical) research problems; and (3) Collaborating with industry. By synthesizing all the discussions on this important topic so far, this paper aims to encourage further discussions and actions in the community to increase our collective efforts to improve the research relevance. Furthermore, we raise the need for empirically-grounded and rigorous studies on the relevance problem in SE research, as carried out in other fields such as management science.
Who Am I?: Using Reflective Practice and Self-determination to Redefine ‘Employability’ in Legal Education
Authors: Brooman Simon , Stirk Sarah
Published: March 2020

This study examines the value of undergraduate law students undertaking structured and assessed reflective practice as part of their studies, in the context of competing notions of employability. We discuss existing use of reflective practice in law and other disciplines, highlighting the different approaches and perspectives on its value. Students in this study engaged in reflection as part of a first year core module aimed at improving retention and performance, followed by a second year option module aimed at personal development in relation to employability and business skills following a work placement. We examine students’ perceptions of reflective practice and discuss how these relate to extant literature. We suggest that reflective practice is a very personal experience that can greatly benefit law students beyond their capacity to be employable. We suggest that reflective practice for law needs to be re-thought in relation to its intended purpose, taking cognisance of experience outside law to inform best practice. We propose that reflective practice should focus on developing the whole person, and discuss this in light of debate over the function of higher education. We suggest that the reinforcement cycle of personal and professional reflective practice in this study has the potential to be high impact practice in legal education as defined by Professor George Kuh.
Cross-Sectoral Mobility Funding and the Challenge of Immersion: The Case of SSH
Authors: Hellström Tomas , Hellström Christina
Published: March 2020

Project funding rarely demands much change on behalf of the recipient. In contrast, cross-sectoral mobility funding requires recipients to change their environment and often some aspects of their research. There is a need to understand the impact on the researchers’ experiences as knowledge producers within such programs, as part of the broader potential and significance of cross-sectoral mobility funding. This study draws on interviews with participants of the Swedish ‘Flexit’ program in order to develop a framework for assessing the dynamics and efficacy of such funding instruments. To do this, we develop a framework for understanding their cognitive effects; especially their ‘immersive’ potential, i.e., their ability to naturally involve the participant in their new setting. It proposes two dimensions along which such an assessment can take place: how the instrument challenges participants’ knowledge production practices, and the level of immersion that participants are subject to as part of the program.
Biological barriers, and the influence of protein binding on the passage of drugs across them
Authors: Wanat Karolina
Published: March 2020

Drug-protein binding plays a key role in determining the pharmacokinetics of a drug. The distribution and protein binding ability of a drug changes over a lifetime, and are important considerations during pregnancy and lactation. Although proteins are a significant fraction in plasma composition, they also exist beyond the bloodstream and bind with drugs in the skin, tissues or organs. Protein binding influences the bioavailability and distribution of active compounds, and is a limiting factor in the passage of drugs across biological membranes and barriers: drugs are often unable to cross membranes mainly due to the high molecular mass of the drug-protein complex, thus resulting in the accumulation of the active compounds and a significant reduction of their pharmacological activity. This review describes the consequences of drug-protein binding on drug transport across physiological barriers, whose role is to allow the passage of essential substances—such as nutrients or oxygen, but not of xenobiotics. The placental barrier regulates passage of xenobiotics into a fetus and protects the unborn organism. The blood–brain barrier is the most important barrier in the entire organism and the skin separates the human body from the environment.