bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Investigating the Role of Auditory Perception of Cutting Process Conditions in CNC Machining
Authors: Jarosz Krzysztof , Zhang Yunbo , Liu Rui
Published: September 2022

In the era of Industry 4.0, the machining sound has been extensively adopted in tool condition monitoring systems, virtual machining environment, and remote machining solutions. However, only limited attention has been paid to understand how experienced machinists detect tool wear and improper cutting conditions based on their hearing in the real machining environment. This paper aims to experimentally investigate and analyze the auditory perception of CNC operators during the cutting process and their capabilities of detecting unfavorable cutting conditions and faults using their sense of hearing and expertise. The sound in the machining environment was analyzed in the aspect of sound pressure levels (SPL). Optimal positions for sound sample acquisition were determined and audio data was recorded for future analysis. Experimental cutting tests with simulated process faults were conducted, where machinists with varying degrees of experience observed the process, listened to the machining sound and tried to determine whether cutting conditions were normal or if faults occurred. The primary research goal was to analyze how well operators can monitor the process using their various senses and to investigate the role of sound and auditory perceptions of trained professionals in cutting process supervision and monitoring. SPL measurements have shown that the sound pressure varies substantially in the machining environment, which is expected to affect the quality and volume of recorded machining sound depending on microphone positioning. Cutting tests have shown that the machinists use various senses to determine faults in the process, relying most significantly on auditory stimuli, with other factors, such as vibrations or visual examination of the workpiece having a secondary effect in the assessment of cutting process conditions and outcomes.
An Investigation of Chipping Propagation on Carbide Tool in End Milling for Prototyping
Authors: Zhang Shuhuan , Liu Rui
Published: September 2022

Machining plays an important role in the prototyping process, and the carbide tools are often used in cutting tough metals under higher cutting speeds. Given the high degree of freedom and uncertainty in prototyping, conventional machine tools are generally favored by the machinists, and its low rigidity is more likely to cause chipping or breakage of the cutting edge in using carbide tools. However, due to the rapid development of chipping and the ever-changing toolpath in prototyping, the understanding of this type of tool damage is very limited from previous studies. To address this issue, the objective of this study is to experimentally investigate the chipping initiation and progression on the carbide tool under the prototyping circumstances. The experimental results indicate that the chipping develops differently at different locations on the cutting edge and under different cutting conditions and propagates rapidly when the maximum width of the local chipping reaches the critical value. It was also found that the chipping propagation is influenced by the interactions between the chipping and the flank wear and chipping among different flutes. To consider all those factors into chipping characterization and monitoring in milling, a combined failure criterion has been proposed in this study.
Mechanical and Metallurgical Characterization of Ultrafine Grained Titanium Laminates Developed by LSEM
Authors: Kumar Pushpinder , Joshi Ravinder Singh , Singla Rohit Kumar
Published: September 2022

Titanium alloy sheets find its broad use in the automotive, biomedical, and aerospace industries. One of the most demanding role of these sheets is in making of Ti/GFRP based stacked composites. Production of Titanium laminates for this application is difficult and expensive than other metals due to the challenges of multipass processing with intermediate annealing. In the present research work, ultrafine titanium laminates are fabricated through novel technique based on large strain extrusion machining in a single pass. Laminates were produced from Ti-6Al-4V and pure titanium (CP-Ti). Metallurgical characterization through SEM/XRD/EBSD analysis is performed to check the effects of different parameters on laminates properties. Mechanical testing is performed using vicker’s hardness tester. It is evident from the analysis that the hardness of laminates is increased by 25–52% as compared to the base materials. Changes in crystallite structure of the material with severe plastic deformation may have led to an increase in hardness of laminates. Scanning electron microscopy is used to see the topography of the surface, and roughness is measured using a roughness tester. Deformation in different laminates was analysed through X-ray diffraction. Electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) was done on the sample to find the crystallographic information of the microstructure of laminates fabricated by large strain extrusion machining.
Using an Articulated Industrial Robot to Perform Conformal Deposition With Mesoscale Features
Authors: Cai Ying , Bhatt Prahar M. , Zhao Hangbo , Gupta Satyandra K.
Published: September 2022

Six Degrees of Freedom (DOF) robotic manipulators can use non-planar layers to deposit materials in additive manufacturing. Conformal material deposition requires accurately positioning and orienting the deposition tool on non-planar surfaces. Using industrial manipulators to move the deposition tool enables 6 DOF motion and avoids collision between the tool and the pre-existing substrate. Regular articulated industrial robots have high repeatability but do not exhibit high accuracy. Therefore, performing printing that involves small features becomes challenging. In this paper, we present advances in non-planar surface registration with respect to the robot frame, deposition tool calibration, and gap compensation scheme to enable accurate positioning of the tool tip with respect to the non-planar substrate. This enables us to maintain an accurately controlled gap between the tool tip and the underlying surface to allow printing of mesoscale features on curved surfaces. We test the efficacy of the proposed approach by printing a single layer of ink patterns with approximately 130 μm line width on spherical (radius < 1 cm), cylindrical, and planar substrates. We also demonstrate the capability of changing tool orientation enabled by the 6 DOF robotic manipulator and show that adjusting tool orientation is critical in enabling conformal printing on highly curved surfaces. Finally, the gap variation is characterized and accurate control of the gap is demonstrated.
Analysis of the Heat-Affected Zone and Ablation Efficiency in Terms of Burst Mode Parameters During High Power Picosecond Laser Micromachining of Metals
Authors: Zhang Sijie , Shin Yung C.
Published: September 2022

The past decade has seen a significantly increased use of high-power ultrafast lasers in micromachining applications. With the continual increase of the laser power for ultrafast lasers, an increase in the ablation rate has been brought about. However, it also created some negative effects, such as the heat-affected zone (HAZ) and thermal damages, which hardly occur at lower power. This issue was reported in the literature but has not been systematically addressed by previous research. This paper presents a systematic study on using the burst mode ablation to limit the HAZ while maintaining a high ablation efficiency using a high-power industrial picosecond laser with burst fluence larger than 10 J/cm2. An extended three-dimensional two-temperature model (3D-TTM) was employed to study the mechanism of the HAZ development and to predict the ablation efficiency with experimental validation. The essentiality of including the lattice heat conduction to predict accurate HAZ was discussed. The effect of the number of pulses per burst and pulse to pulse separation time was investigated. The optimal number of pulses per burst was obtained by using the 3D-TTM for copper and stainless steel. The 3D-TTM suggested that by using the optimal number of pulses per burst, a maximum reduction of 77% and 61% in HAZ could be achieved for copper and stainless steel respectively. And the corresponding ablation efficiency will be increased by 24% and 163% for copper and stainless steel at the same time. This study showed that burst mode laser machining at high fluence is an effective way of increasing efficiency while limiting the HAZ.
Research on Condition Monitoring Technology of Automobile Parts Intelligent Production Line Based on Cyber Physical System
Authors: Wang Yifei , Xia Zhiwen , Yang Kexin , Jin Lijun
Published: September 2022

Cyber physical system (CPS) of production line is an important technical support to realize the intelligent transformation of manufacturing industry. Therefore, this paper analyzes the application of CPS in the production line, and analyzes its modeling method in the production line; on this basis, the production line state signal analysis technology based on signal processing and deep learning algorithm is studied, which improves the quality of production line state monitoring. Based on the above analysis, this paper constructs the condition monitoring system framework of automobile parts production line based on CPS hybrid modeling, which overcomes the shortcomings of the traditional monitoring system and improves the analysis and decision-making ability of the system; In order to test the effectiveness of the framework, taking the spindle and bearing data in the automobile parts intelligent production line as an example, this paper compares the relevant algorithms, constructs a monitoring system based on the CPS framework, tests the effectiveness of the CPS framework in the condition monitoring of the intelligent production line, and proves that the framework can be popularized in the intelligent production line.
Variability of band alignment between WS2 and SiO2: Intrinsic versus extrinsic contributions
Authors: Delie Gilles , Litwin Peter M. , Abad Gaby C. , McDonnell Stephen J. , Chiappe Daniele , Afanasiev Valeri V.
Published: September 2022

Internal photoemission of electrons was used to determine the energy position of the top valence band of mono- and few-layer WS2 on an SiO2/Si substrate. It was found, contrary to density functional theory calculations, that the valence band top in WS2 shifts up in energy with respect to the conduction band minimum of SiO2 with decreasing number of monolayers. At the same time, the band alignment of WS2 with SiO2 appears to be less sensitive to the WS2 synthesis route than in the previously studied case of the MoS2/SiO2 interface, indicating less extrinsic WS2 variability.
An integrated approach for teaching speech spectrogram analysis to engineering students
Authors: Johnson Alexander
Published: September 2022

Spectrogram analysis is a vital skill for learning speech acoustics. Spectrograms are necessary for visualizing cause-effect relationships between speech articulator movements and the resulting sound produced. However, many interpretation techniques needed to read spectrograms are counterintuitive to engineering students who have been taught to use more rigid mathematical formulas. As a result, spectrogram reading is often challenging for these students who do not have prior background in acoustic phonetics. In this paper, a structured, inclusive framework for teaching spectrogram reading to students of engineering backgrounds is presented. Findings from the implementation of these teaching methods in undergraduate and graduate engineering courses at University of California, Los Angeles are also unveiled.
Disease resistance in coral is mediated by distinct adaptive and plastic gene expression profiles
Authors: MacKnight Nicholas J. , Dimos Bradford A. , Beavers Kelsey M. , Muller Erinn M. , Brandt Marilyn E. , Mydlarz Laura D.
Published: September 2022

Infectious diseases are an increasing threat to coral reefs, resulting in altered community structure and hindering the functional contributions of disease-susceptible species. We exposed seven reef-building coral species from the Caribbean to white plague disease and determined processes involved in (i) lesion progression, (ii) within-species gene expression plasticity, and (iii) expression-level adaptation among species that lead to differences in disease risk. Gene expression networks enriched in immune genes and cytoskeletal arrangement processes were correlated to lesion progression rates. Whether or not a coral developed a lesion was mediated by plasticity in genes involved in extracellular matrix maintenance, autophagy, and apoptosis, while resistant coral species had constitutively higher expression of intracellular protein trafficking. This study offers insight into the process involved in lesion progression and within- and between-species dynamics that lead to differences in disease risk that is evident on current Caribbean reefs.
Edge modification facilitated heterogenization and exfoliation of two-dimensional nanomaterials for cancer catalytic therapy
Authors: Chen Liqun , Mao Zhuo , Wang Yang , Kang Yong , Wang Ying , Mei Lin , Ji Xiaoyuan
Published: September 2022

The rapid recombination of electron-hole pairs and limited substrates are the most critical factors astricting the effect of catalytic therapy. Thus, two-dimensional interplanar heterojunction (BiOCl/Bi
2
O
3
) that prolongs the lifetime of excited electrons and holes and extends the selectivity of substrates under ultrasound irradiation is prepared to facilitate high-performance cancer therapy. An edge modification displacing marginal BiOCl to Bi
2
O
3
is proposed to construct the interplanar heterojunction, promoting ultrathin nanosheets exfoliation due to the enhanced edge affinity with H
2
O. The spontaneously aligning Fermi levels mediate a built-in electric field–guided Z-scheme interplanar heterojunction, retard electron-hole pairs recombination, and improve redox potentials. Hence, these high-powered electrons and holes are capable of catalyzing diverse and stable substrates, such as the reduction reactions, O
2
→ ·O
2
−
and CO
2
→ CO, and oxidation reactions, GSH → GSSG and H
2
O → ·OH. The Z-scheme interplanar heterojunction with the extending substrates selectivity completely breaks the tumor microenvironment limitation, exhibiting high anticancer activity.
Ca
2+
channels couple spiking to mitochondrial metabolism in substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons
Authors: Zampese Enrico , Wokosin David L. , Gonzalez-Rodriguez Patricia , Guzman Jaime N. , Tkatch Tatiana , Kondapalli Jyothisri , Surmeier William C. , D’Alessandro Karis B. , De Stefani Diego , Rizzuto Rosario , Iino Masamitsu , Molkentin Jeffery D. , Chandel Navdeep S. , Schumacker Paul T. , Surmeier D. James
Published: September 2022

How do neurons match generation of adenosine triphosphate by mitochondria to the bioenergetic demands of regenerative activity? Although the subject of speculation, this coupling is still poorly understood, particularly in neurons that are tonically active. To help fill this gap, pacemaking substantia nigra dopaminergic neurons were studied using a combination of optical, electrophysiological, and molecular approaches. In these neurons, spike-activated calcium (Ca
2+
) entry through Ca
v
1 channels triggered Ca
2+
release from the endoplasmic reticulum, which stimulated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation through two complementary Ca
2+
-dependent mechanisms: one mediated by the mitochondrial uniporter and another by the malate-aspartate shuttle. Disrupting either mechanism impaired the ability of dopaminergic neurons to sustain spike activity. While this feedforward control helps dopaminergic neurons meet the bioenergetic demands associated with sustained spiking, it is also responsible for their elevated oxidant stress and possibly to their decline with aging and disease.
Across-strike asymmetry of the Andes orogen linked to the age and geometry of the Nazca plate
Authors: Val Pedro , Willenbring Jane K.
Published: September 2022

The crest of the Andes—the trace of the highest mountain topography—weaves back and forth, in places near the coastline, in others farther inland. Its position reflects the asymmetric distribution of orogen mass and coincides with asymmetry of orographic precipitation. This coincidence is thought to reflect a primary influence of orographic precipitation on accumulated orogenic mass whereby the more erosive (wetter) side promotes crest migration toward the less erosive (drier) side. However, whether this remains the case after excluding tectonic controls on the size and asymmetry of the wedge is an open question. We assessed relationships between precipitation, erosion rates, and the macromorphology of the Andes. We find that precipitation rates cannot sufficiently explain orogen asymmetry after statistically controlling for the age or dip of the Nazca slab. Slab age and dip are known to primarily affect mountain building in the Andes by impacting stress and strain propagation into the retro-arc region, thus better explaining the position of the mountain chain within the orogenic wedge. Accordingly, using basin-wide erosion rate, topographic, and precipitation data, we find that precipitation possibly influences erosional efficiency in semi-arid Andean landscapes but falls short in explaining the variability of erosion rates in regions of high orographic precipitation. We conclude that the orographic effect cannot change the Andean macromorphology that is set by bottom-up tectonic processes.
Supplemental Material: Rapid megaflood-triggered base-level rise on Mars
Authors: Ahmed Joshua , al. et
Published: September 2022

Detailed methodological approaches and rationale for calculations and deposit interpretations for channel AD1 (Aeolis Dorsa, Mars).  
Orbital angiolipoma: a rare tumour of the orbit
Authors: Lokdarshi Gautam , Gaur Nripen , Pushker Neelam , Kashyap Seema
Published: September 2022

A quadragenarian male presented with gradual protrusion of the left eyeball for 7–8 months’ duration. On examination, the best corrected visual acuity in the right eye was 20/20, while in the left eye there was no light perception. Contrast-enhanced CT scan revealed a well-defined fat-density mass in the extraconal compartment of the left superior orbit, causing inferolateral globe dystopia with resultant stretching of the optic nerve. Provisionally, orbital dermoid or lipoma was considered in the differential diagnosis. Anterior orbitotomy with complete excision of the mass was performed under general anaesthesia. Histopathological examination revealed an encapsulated, lobulated lesion consisting of mature lipocytes and occasional blood vessels with thrombi. The lesion was divided into numerous lobules by thick fibrous bands. Immunohistochemical stain S100 was strongly positive in the lipocytes. At 3 months of follow-up, the patient had moderate ptosis with leucomatous corneal opacity with no recurrence.
Unavoidable online education due to COVID-19 and its association to computer vision syndrome: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Roy Simanta , Sharif Azaz Bin , Chowdhury Sreshtha , Iktidar Mohammad Azmain
Published: September 2022

Background

During the COVID-19 pandemic, online education and entertainment have increased significantly due to strict isolation and frequent lockdowns. This study intended to explore the prevalence and potential factors associated with computer vision syndrome (CVS) among the postsecondary students of Bangladesh pursuing online education.

Methods

In total, there were 917 postsecondary students participated in this study. Information on sociodemographic variables, and CVS symptom-related variables were collected using a prevalidated self-administered questionnaire. The CVS questionnaire was used to assess an individual’s CVS status. The bivariate association between CVS and other categorical variables was obtained using a χ2test. A multivariable logistic regression model was used to explore variables associated with the CVS.

Results

The overall prevalence of CVS was 68.16%. Most common symptoms were headache (42.4%), feeling of worsening eyesight (23.2%), and eye pain (23.2%). CVS was associated with educational status (p=0.03), family history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), personal history of eye-related problems (p<0.001), usage of eye accessories (p<0.001), type of device used for online education (p<0.01), average daily use (p<0.01), and usage pattern (p=0.02). After adjusting for confounders, CVS was significantly related to the use of mobile or tablet (adjusted OR, AOR 8.954, 95% CI 1.57 to 51.063), continuing online education for more than 12 hours/day without any break or insufficient break (AOR 7.654, 95% CI 1.625 to 36.053), and previous family (AOR 3.189, 95% CI 1.751 to 5.811) or personal history of eye problems or headaches, or insomnia (AOR 6.214, 95% CI 2.783 to 13.878).

Conclusion

A high prevalence of CVS was observed among the post-secondary students in Bangladesh. Since an extensive use of digital screens is somewhat unavoidable during unprecedented times, such as COVID-19, educators should include CVS awareness and prevention in their curricula.
Adverse events from nitrate administration during right ventricular myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wilkinson-Stokes Matt , Betson Jason , Sawyer Simon
Published: September 2022

Background

The current guidelines of the American Heart Association (AHA) and European Society of Cardiology (ESC) recommend that when right ventricular myocardial infarction (RVMI) is present patients are not administered nitrates, due to the risk that decreasing preload in the setting of already compromised right ventricular ejection fraction may reduce cardiac output and precipitate hypotension. The cohort study (n=40) underlying this recommendation was recently challenged by new studies suitable for meta-analysis (cumulatively, n=1050), suggesting that this topic merits systematic review.

Methods

The protocol was registered on PROSPERO and published inEvidence Synthesis. Six databases were systematically searched in May 2022: PubMed, Embase, MEDLINE Complete, Cochrane CENTRAL Register, CINAHL and Google Scholar. Two investigators independently assessed for quality and bias and extracted data using Joanna Briggs Institute tools and methods. Risk ratios and 95% CIs were calculated, and meta-analysis performed using the random effects inverse variance method.

Results

Five studies (n=1113) were suitable. Outcomes included haemodynamics, GCS, syncope, arrest and death. Arrest and death did not occur in the RVMI group. Meta-analysis was possible for sublingual nitroglycerin 400 μg (2 studies, n=1050) and found no statistically significant difference in relative risk to combined inferior and RVMI at 1.31 (95% CI 0.81 to 2.12, p=0.27), with an absolute effect of 3 additional adverse events per 100 treatments. Results remained robust under sensitivity analysis.

Conclusions

This review suggests that the AHA and ESC contraindications are not supported by evidence. Key limitations include all studies having concomitant inferior and RVMI, not evaluating beneficial effects and very low certainty of evidence. As adverse events are transient and easily managed, nitrates are a reasonable treatment modality to consider during RVMI on current evidence.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42020172839.
Improved rapid diagnostic tests to detect syphilis and yaws: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Zhang Ying , Goh Su Mei , Mello Maeve B , Baggaley Rachel C , Wi Teodora , Johnson Cheryl C , Asiedu Kingsley B , Marks Michael , Pham Minh D , Fairley Christopher K , Chow Eric P F , Mitjà Oriol , Toskin Igor , Ballard Ronald C , Ong Jason J
Published: September 2022

Background

Current rapid tests for syphilis and yaws can detect treponemal and non-treponemal antibodies. We aimed to critically appraise the literature for rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) which can better distinguish an active infection of syphilis or yaws.

Methods

We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, searching five databases between January 2010 and October 2021 (with an update in July 2022). A generalised linear mixed model was used to conduct a bivariate meta-analysis for the pooled sensitivity and specificity. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I2statistic. We used the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy Studies (QUADAS) to assess the risk of bias and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) to evaluate the certainty of evidence.

Results

We included 17 studies for meta-analyses. For syphilis, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the treponemal component were 0.93 (95% CI: 0.86 to 0.97) and 0.98 (95% CI: 0.96 to 0.99), respectively. For the non-treponemal component, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.90 (95% CI: 0.82 to 0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.99), respectively. For yaws, the pooled sensitivity and specificity of the treponemal component were 0.86 (95% CI: 0.66 to 0.95) and 0.97 (95% CI: 0.94 to 0.99), respectively. For the non-treponemal component, the pooled sensitivity and specificity were 0.80 (95% CI: 0.55 to 0.93) and 0.96 (95% CI: 0.92 to 0.98), respectively.

Conclusions

RDTs that can differentiate between active and previously treated infections could optimise management by providing same-day treatment and reducing unnecessary treatment.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42021279587.
Algorithms for Probabilistic and Stochastic Subsequential Failure Transducers
Authors: Geneva Diana , Shopov Georgi , Mihov Stoyan
Published: September 2022

This paper introduces a framework for building probabilistic models with subsequential failure transducers. We first show how various types of subsequential transducers commonly used in natural language processing are represented by conditional probabilistic subsequential transducers and probabilistic subsequential failure transducers. Afterwards, we introduce efficient algorithms for composition of conditional probabilistic subsequential transducers with probabilistic subsequential failure transducers and canonization (weight-pushing) of probabilistic subsequential failure transducers. Those algorithms are applicable to many tasks for representing probabilistic models. One such task is the construction of the [Formula: see text] weighted transducer used in speech recognition which we describe in detail. At the end, a comparison between the presented [Formula: see text] failure weighted transducer and the standard [Formula: see text] weighted transducer along with empirical results for HMM-based speech recognition decoding reveal the competitiveness of the presented constructions.
Phenomenological aspects dynamic viscosity of hydrocarbons
Authors: Mirzayeva G. G. , Alekperov A. S. , Dashdemirov A. O. , Naghiyeva N. V. , Ibrahimli A. B.
Published: September 2022

In this study, the dynamic viscosity of hydrocarbons was studied. This study was carried out with phenomenological aspects. The objects that were selected for this study are as follows: Cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, ethylcyclopentane, propylcyclopentane, cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane and ethylcyclohexane. The studies were carried out in the temperature range [Formula: see text]–373 K. It has been established that with the increasing temperature, the value of the dynamic viscosity of hydrocarbons decreases. In these materials, the mechanism of change in dynamic viscosity at high temperatures has been studied.
Reconfigurable FET-Based Tunable Ring Oscillator and Its Single Event Effect Performance
Authors: Durga Jayakumar G. , Kumar Pal Susanta , Srinivasan R.
Published: September 2022

In this work, reconfigurable Field Effect Transistor (RFET)-based ring oscillator (RO) has been proposed. RFET has two types of gates, control gate and program gate. This work investigates the possibility of exploiting the program gate of the RFET, for frequency tuning and duty cycle control using numerical device simulations. Different frequencies of operations have been demonstrated on the same oscillator by appropriately biasing the program gate. The program gates can also be used to control the duty cycle of the oscillator, at the given frequency. This paper also studies the single event effect (SEE) performance of the proposed RFET-RO. The simulation results suggest that the oscillators working at higher frequency are disturbed less compared to the oscillator working at lower frequency.
Reliability of Augmented 3-Ary n-Cubes with Extra Faults
Authors: Sun Xueli , Fan Jianxi , Cheng Baolei , Wang Yan , Zhou Jingya
Published: September 2022

Fault tolerance is critical to reliability analysis of interconnection networks since the vulnerability of component failure increases with the growth of network scale. Extra connectivity and extra diagnosability are two decisive indicators of the ability of parallel and distributed systems to tolerate and diagnose faulty nodes. This paper mainly establishes the [Formula: see text]-extra connectivity and [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosability of augmented [Formula: see text]-ary [Formula: see text]-cubes [Formula: see text], which is a generalization of [Formula: see text]-ary [Formula: see text]-cubes and augmented cubes. In addition, we explore the [Formula: see text]-extra diagnosis algorithm of [Formula: see text] under the MM* model.
Effects of Economic Well-Being on Outcomes at One Year after Volar Plate Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures
Authors: ZHANG Dafang , HALL Matthew J. , OSTERGAARD Peter J. , HARPER Carl M. , ROZENTAL Tamara D. , EARP Brandon E.
Published: September 2022

Background: The objective of this study was to determine whether economic well-being is associated with patient-reported functional outcomes and range of motion 1 year following volar plate fixation of distal radius fracture.

Methods: A retrospective study was performed on 200 patients with distal radius fractures treated with volar plate fixation at two Level 1 trauma centres from 2006 to 2017 with 1-year clinical follow-up using a previously published cohort. The economic well-being of patients was assessed using the Distressed Communities Index (DCI). Our outcome variables were patient-reported functional outcomes assessed by QuickDASH score and wrist and forearm range of motion 1 year after surgery. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare outcome variables across pre-established tiers of economic well-being.

Results: The mean QuickDASH score at 1 year following distal radius fracture volar plate fixation was 10.8 and ranged from 7.3 to 12.2 across tiers of economic well-being. QuickDASH score and wrist range of motion were not significantly different across all tiers of economic well-being. However, wrist flexion–extension arc at 1 year following surgery was significantly decreased in the economically at-risk group compared with the remaining cohort.

Conclusions: Patient-reported functional outcomes 1 year after volar plate fixation of distal radius fracture are similar across tiers of economic well-being. Economically disadvantaged patients are at risk for poorer wrist motion following distal radius fracture surgery, though it is not clear if this difference is clinically significant.

Level of Evidence: Level II (Prognostic)
Use of a Fascial Reverse Dorso-Ulnar Metacarpal Bone Flap for Non-union of the Distal Phalanx of the Thumb: A Case Report
Authors: ISHIDA Naoya , USAMI Satoshi , TANAKA Kentaro , MORI Hiroki
Published: September 2022

Reports describing the treatment of non-union of the distal phalanx of the thumb are limited. We present the case of a 45-year-old man who developed a symptomatic non-union after an open fracture of the distal phalanx of the thumb. He was treated with a reverse dorso-ulnar vascularised fascial metacarpal bone flap. Bone union was achieved 3 months post surgery, and he was well at 7 months post surgery. The reverse dorso-ulnar fascial metacarpal bone flap is an alternative to consider in patients with non-union of the distal phalanx of the thumb.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Physeal Distal Radial Fracture with Entrapment of the Tendons of Extensor Pollicis Longus and Extensor Digitorum Communis to Index Finger
Authors: ISAKA Akira , ICHIHARA Satoshi , HIROSE Tomohiko , ISHIJIMA Muneaki
Published: September 2022

We report the entrapment of the extensor tendons following a growth plate fracture of the distal radius in a teenager. It is difficult to detect tendon entrapment at the fracture site immediately after the injury and diagnosis is typically made after fracture union when patients present with an inability to extend the thumb/reduced digital movement. A careful examination of our patient demonstrated some loss of digital motion and the plain radiographs, and computed tomographic scan showed incomplete reduction suggesting tendon entrapment. Early detection of the entrapped tendons allowed prompt release averting the need for tendon reconstruction. This report highlights the need for clinicians to maintain a high index of suspicion for tendon entrapment in patients with distal radius fractures that present with limited digital motion associated with incomplete reduction. An early diagnosis followed by the timely release can result in excellent outcomes.

Level of Evidence: Level V (Therapeutic)
Photo-reduced Synthesis of Ag Fe/NC Nanoparticles and their Visible-Light-Enhanced Electrocatalytic Performances
Authors: Meng Xiangyu , Wang Zhihuan , Yu Guoliang , Wang Xinbin , Chen Yingjie , Yu Liyan , Dong Lifeng
Published: September 2022

Rational design of surface plasmon-enhanced electrocatalysts can effectively integrate solar energy into fuel cells. Herein, iron and nitrogen codoped carbon (Fe/NC) nanoparticles synthesized with microemulsion are used to absorb and photo-reduce Ag ions in solutions to form Ag nanoparticles on Fe/NC (Ag-Fe/NC). Different Ag-Fe/NC materials are prepared by adjusting the concentration of AgNO3 solution. Among them, Ag-Fe/NC obtained with 0.5 mg ml−1 AgNO3 solution shows the highest oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalytic performance and light-enhanced ORR characteristics, even better than commercial Pt/C. Besides, Ag-Fe/NC displays excellent long-term stability and high methanol resistance for ORR performances in alkaline medium. Therefore, this study will provide a new method for integrating light to recover Ag ions in solutions and improve electrocatalytic properties.
Formation of Nitrogen-Coordinated Metal Sites (M = Fe, Co) via Solution-Phase Coordination on Nickel- And Nitrogen-Co-Doped Carbon Templates with Metal Vacancy-Nx Sites
Authors: Huang Mengxue , Ding Ruimin , Yang Jie , Shi Wenwen , Shi Shufang , Chen Lifang , Liu Shanshan , Yin Xi
Published: September 2022

Platinum group metal-free catalysts based on transition metal and nitrogen co-doped carbon materials are gaining attention for their applications in electrocatalysis. Nitrogen-coordinated metal sites (MNx) have been identified as the main active sites in PGM-free catalysts. Current synthetic approaches rely on the high-temperature treatment to introduce targeted electroactive MNx sites into the carbon matrix. In this study, we demonstrated the formation of MNx sites on Ni- and N-co-doped carbon templates via the solution-phase coordination with target metal ions, including Fe2+, Fe3+, and/ Co2+. The formation of MNx sites was confirmed via a combined approach of various physical characterization techniques, elemental analysis, and electrochemical analysis. The results indicate that the metal-vacancy-Nx sites in the template can coordinate with target ions to form electrochemically active MNx sites. By varying heat-treatment temperature, the amount of FeNx sites formed via coordination with Fe2+ ion can be tuned and correlated with the change of activity toward oxygen reduction reaction. The amount of MNx sites formed via solution-phase coordination with various ions followed the sequence of Co2+ > Fe2+ > Fe3+. These findings may further guide the future development of MNx-C electrocatalysts through this solution-phase coordination approach.
The Influence of Electrode Constituents on Hydrogen Evolution Reaction on Phosphate W- and Mo-Bronze-Based Electrodes
Authors: Pagnacco Maja , Marković Smilja , Potočnik Jelena , Krstić Vesna , Tančić Pavle , Mojović Miloš , Mojović Zorica
Published: September 2022

Phosphate tungsten bronze (WPB) and phosphate molybdenum bronze (MoPB) were synthesized and modified with rhenium. The existing phases were established by X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), electron paramagnetic spectroscopy (EPR) and Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). The electroactivity of bronze samples, with and without rhenium for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) was tested. The influence of carbon black presence in the catalytic ink on the electrochemical activity was investigated. Collected results provide insight into the effects of the constituents of an electrode on its electrochemical activity.
Towards a Simplified Electrochemical Method of Assessing Cations Transference Numbers of Electrolytes
Authors: Dugas R. , Ponrouch A.
Published: September 2022

A simplified method is presented to extract the transport parameters of a liquid electrolyte solution from an experiment in a four-electrode cell. By observing that both polarisation and relaxation tend exponentially to a finite value with the same time constant, it becomes possible to precisely evaluate the limiting voltage attained upon polarisation though no steady state can be reached in practice, and use this input to evaluate the cation transference number as a function of the thermodynamic factor. This procedure simplifies the data analysis by avoiding complete fitting of the polarisation with a complicated numerical model. Such approach can favour the deployment of the four-electrode method to evaluate electrolyte transport parameters, which are crucial for the development of better performing batteries.
Classification and Prognostic Characteristics of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Based on Glycolysis Cholesterol Synthesis Axis
Authors: Deng Weijie , Zhu Peng , Xu Huixuan , Hou Xianliang , Chen Wenbiao
Published: September 2022

Background. Liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC) is among the most frequent causes of cancer-related death across the world with a considerably poor prognosis. The current study targeted providing a new type of LIHC from the perspective of the glycolysis/cholesterol synthesis axis, predicting its prognostic characteristics, and exploring the potential role and mechanism of the glycolysis/cholesterol synthesis axis in the occurrence and development of LIHC. Methods. Based on the two expression profile data and clinical information of LIHC in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database and hepatocellular carcinoma database (HCCDB), as well as glycolysis/cholesterol-related genes from the Molecular Signatures Database (MSigDB), unsupervised consistent clustering method was used to identify molecular subtypes. In addition, the differential genes were identified by limma package, and then the gene set was enriched, analyzed, and annotated by WebGestaltR package. At the same time, the immune infiltration analysis of tumor samples was carried out using the ESTIMATE to evaluate the tumor immune score of the samples. Finally, the differences in clinical characteristics among molecular subtypes were measured using univariate and multivariate Cox analyses. Results. According to the median standardized expression levels of glycolysis/cholesterol production genes, samples were divided into four groups (molecular subtypes): Quiescent group, Glycolysis group, Cholesterol group, and Mixed group. Significant prognostic differences were observed among the four groups. In both TCGA and HCCDB18 datasets, the prognosis of subtype Mixed was the worst, while Quiescent had a good prognosis. Cell cycle and oncogenic pathways were significantly enriched in the Mixed group. In addition, glycolysis and cholesterol production gene expressions were related to the prognostic LIHC subtype classification genes’ expression levels. Conclusion. Metabolic classification regarding glycolysis and cholesterol production pathways provided new insights into the biological aspects of LIHC molecular subtypes and might help to develop personalized therapies for unique tumor metabolic profiles.
Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy Improves Treatment for Early Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Authors: Dong Peng , Yan Yu , Yang Liyuan , Wu Danzhu , Wang Hui , Lv Yajuan , Zhang Jiandong , Yu Xinshuang
Published: September 2022

Objective. Immunotherapy has shown better efficacy and less toxicity than chemotherapy in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) at advanced stage. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable NSCLC. Methods. Literature examination was performed by searching the PubMed, the Cochrane Library, and Embase for articles evaluating the efficacy and safety of neoadjuvant immunotherapy for resectable NSCLC. The 95% confidence interval (CI) and effect sizes (ES) were evaluated. Heterogeneity and subgroup analysis were performed. Meta-analysis was carried out using Stata BE17 software. Results. In total, 678 patients from eighteen studies were recruited in this meta-analysis. The pathological complete response (pCR) and major pathological response (MPR) were used to evaluate the efficacy of neoadjuvant immunotherapy. Significantly higher MPR values were observed in neoadjuvant immunotherapy (MPR : ES = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.33–0.55; pCR : ES = 0.22; 95% CI: 0.15–0.30) compared with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (MPR < 25% and PCR : ES = 2%–15%). Treatment-related adverse events (TRAE), surgical resection rate, surgical delay rate, and incidence of surgical complications were used to evaluate the safety. In summary, ES values for the incidence of TRAE, incidence of surgical complications, and surgical delay rate were 0.4, 0.24, and 0.04, respectively, that were significantly lower than those for neoadjuvant chemotherapy (95% CI: 0.04–0.90; 0.22–0.75; and 0.01–0.10, respectively). The mean surgical resection rate of 89% was similar to the reported 75%–90% resection rate with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (OR = 7.61, 95% CI: 4.90–11.81). Conclusion. Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is safe and effective for resectable NSCLC.
Usability Design of Human-Machine Interaction Interface of Child Companion Robot in Wireless Network
Authors: Wang Xinmin , Hu Ying , Zhang Wendi
Published: September 2022

With the core and small-scale family structure, parents and children have less time and opportunities to interact, which leads to the lack of care and emotional companionship for preschool children, which is easy to cause physical and mental disorders. In response to this phenomenon, a series of child care robot products have emerged on the market and have continued to be the focus of attention in the past two years. However, such products are still generally deficient in terms of interaction and content. It is difficult for users to choose and use. This paper takes the design and application of remote parent-child interaction of preschool children’s escort machine as the research object. First, it examines the physical, psychological, and behavioral characteristics of escort robots, namely, preschool children. To sum up, the remote parent-child interaction design strategy of children’s escort robot products is proposed for the design practice and industry reference of this paper. The experimental results show that the children in the experimental group pay more attention to the main content and off-topic content than the control group, and the attention rate is more than 95%. To a certain extent, it can be said that the games in the system have the ability of parent-child interaction. This paper abandons the traditional research direction of pursuing human-computer interaction between childcare products and high technology. Instead, it studies parent-child emotional interaction, so that the emotional interaction between parents and children is not replaced by technology products but helps parents deepen the relationship with their children. Emotional interaction allows parents to truly accompany their children to grow up.
Substrate Dielectric Constant Effects on the Performances of a Metasurface-Based Circularly Polarized Microstrip Patch Antenna
Authors: Kedze Kam Eucharist , Wang Heesu , Park Yong Bae , Park Ikmo
Published: September 2022

This paper presents the effects of substrate dielectric constants on the performance characteristics of a circularly polarized (CP) metasurface-based patch antenna. The antenna structure is a modified patch with a step-like truncation sandwiched between a metasurface composed of a 4 × 4 lattices of periodic metallic patches and a ground plane. The effects on the performance variations are evaluated for two principal cases that include a uniform dielectric constant and a nonuniform dielectric constant for the upper and lower substrates of the antenna. Through careful computational analysis, the effects of the substrate dielectric constant on the antenna performance in terms of bandwidth and gain were investigated, and the results demonstrate that the antenna performance improves with a decrease in the substrate dielectric constant. For a uniform substrate material with dielectric constants of εr1 = εr2 = 2.2, the fabricated antenna with an overall size of 54 mm × 54 mm × 3.0 mm (0.76λo × 0.76λo × 0.042λo at 4.24 GHz) demonstrates the following measured performance characteristics: a −10 dB impedance bandwidth of 3.75–5.24 GHz (33.14%), a 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth of 3.85–4.64 GHz (18.61%), a radiation efficiency >93%, and a peak gain of 8.96 dBic within the AR bandwidth.
Capped

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-Norm Proximal Support Vector Machine
Authors: Ren Pei-Wei , Li Chun-Na , Shao Yuan-Hai
Published: September 2022

Compared to the standard support vector machine, the generalized eigenvalue proximal support vector machine coped well with the “Xor” problem. However, it was based on the squared Frobenius norm and hence was sensitive to outliers and noise. To improve the robustness, this paper introduces capped

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-norm into the generalized eigenvalue proximal support vector machine, which employs nonsquared

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-norm and “capped” operation, and further proposes a novel capped

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-norm proximal support vector machine, called CPSVM. Due to the use of capped

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-norm, CPSVM can effectively remove extreme outliers and suppress the effect of noise data. CPSVM can also be viewed as a weighted generalized eigenvalue proximal support vector machine and is solved through a series of generalized eigenvalue problems. The experimental results on an artificial dataset, some UCI datasets, and an image dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of CPSVM.