bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
”Jeg har flere gange oplevet, at man oftest selv har svaret, det skal bare lige graves frem”
Authors: Frederiksen Lisbeth Lunde , Halse Elisabeth
Published: February 2023

[DK]En bæredygtig skole kræver lærere, der er i stand til at forny og udvikle praksis løbende i takt med udviklingen af samfundet. I nærværende forskningsprojekt er potentialet i læringsrum, kaldet læringscirkler, i form af peermentoring for 4. årgangsstuderende og nyuddannede lærere, blevet undersøgt. Hensigten har været, at deltagerne skulle lære af praksis, om praksis, i praksis i et samspil med teori for derigennem at blive i stand til dels at få mod på lærerjobbet dels at få kompetencer til fremadrettet at facilitere egen og kollegers fortsatte professionelle udvikling. Studiet viser, at deltagelse i læringscirkler (LC) har mulighed for at understøtte fortsat professionel udvikling bl.a. ved at give deltagerne kompetencer i at facilitere andres refleksion, selv at reflektere mere dybdegående og ved give deltagerne erfaringer med, at teori kan bruges til at forstå og løbende udvikle praksis. Yderligere har LC mulighed for at give deltagerne anerkendelse og dermed udvikle vitalisering i arbejdet.

[UK]A sustainable school requires teachers who are able to innovate and develop practice continuously as the development of society. In the present research project, the potential of learning spaces, called learning circles, in the form of peer mentoring for student teachers and newly qualified teachers, has been investigated. The intention has been for the participants to learn from practice, about practice, in practice in an interaction with theory thereby be able to gain courage in the teaching job and gain competencies to facilitate their own and colleagues’ continual professional development. The study shows that participation in learning circles (LC) has the opportunity to support continual professional development, e.g. by giving the participants skills in facilitating the reflection of others, by reflecting more in-depth themselves and by giving the participants experiences that theory can be used to understand and continuously develop practice. In addition, LC has the opportunity to give participants recognition and thus to develop revitalization in the work.
La réanimation à l’ère de la technologie : l’ecmo à l’urgence
Authors: Bouchard Mélanie , Echegaray-Benites Christine
Published: February 2023

L’essor des technologies biomédicales a permis d’élargir l’utilisation de l’oxygénation extracorporelle par membrane (ECMO) pour les personnes gravement malades. Face à une augmentation de plus de 400 % du nombre de cas d’ECMO au monde depuis 2009, il va de soi de voir l’ECMO faire son apparition dans les urgences lors de réanimation cardiorespiratoire. Il est donc important pour les cliniciens d’urgence de comprendre cette technologie et ses implications. Tout d’abord, le but de cet article est de faire un survol de ce qu’est l’ECMO et, en deuxième partie, de discuter de l’ECMO à l’urgence d’un centre universitaire au Québec tout en parcourant une histoire de cas clinique.
HOW LOCAL SOCIAL SERVICE DELIVERY PANDEMIC LESSONS MIGHT SHAPE POST-COVID REALITIES
Authors: Schmid Jeanette , Bradley Holly
Published: February 2023

This contribution considers the ways in which COVID-19 impacted social service delivery in the central Vancouver Island region over 18 months after the declaration of the pandemic. Significant shifts in the external and internal environment were made to accommodate requirements of public health orders, ensure safety in service, and respond to the heightened needs of certain sectors of the population. The impact had a different character for each of six-month tranches studied. Lessons for a post – COVID-19 future include: make micro- to macro-level shifts that allow room for rapid adaptation; facilitate inclusion, especially of those most marginalized; and ensure ongoing reflection. This involves keeping in mind the needs of service users, service providers, and the community.
ISEA2022, International Symposium on Electronic Art, Barcelona. Catalog
Authors: ISEA2022
Published: February 2023

ISEA2022, International Symposium on Electronic Art, Barcelona. Catalog
Building a New Leadership Ladder
Authors: Geffner Carol J.
Published: February 2023

Strategies for transforming workplace cultures to support a new generation of women leaders.

When it comes to the gender gap, it is not enough to ask women to “lean in” and demand promotions and raises. Organizations have an obligation to level up and provide women with more opportunities for advancement. In this book, leadership and governance expert Carol Geffner makes a strong case that for women to reach their full potential, workplaces and their leaders must take a more proactive role in combating gender discrimination.

Based on over 200 hours of interviews with women leaders in the United States and abroad, Building a New Leadership Ladder demonstrates that even when women are promoted to leadership positions, they are rarely given access to the same support networks as their male colleagues. Covering sectors as diverse as higher education, health care, law enforcement, and the military, the book identifies common strategies that all organizations can use to remove obstacles for women's advancement.

More than a how-to guide on how women can ascend to the top, Building a New Leadership Ladder is a bold call to action for organizations and their leaders to proactively foster the conditions under which women's efforts to rise up are consistently recognized and rewarded.

Interviewer:

Dr. Carol Geffner, Director of the Executive Master of Leadership Program at the USC's Sol Price School of Public Policy

Interviewees:

Alma Burke, former LAPD, currently head of security at USC

Yasmin Beers, former City Manager, Glendale, CA

RaShall Brackney, Chief of Police, Charlottesville, VA

Coco Brown, CEO Athena Alliance (SaaS company for HR)

Mary Sue Coleman, chemist, interim president of University of Michigan (she previously served as president from 2002-2014)

France Cordova, director of National Science Foundation

Tiffany Felix, Senior Vice President, Environmental Health and Safety, Paramount

Jennifer Grasso, LAPD's first female SWAT officer

Heidi Hammel, Executive Vice President of the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy

Stephanie Jarvis, (couldn't immediately confirm her current role)

Nannerl Keohane, former president of Wellesley College and Duke University

Fiona Ma, California State Treasurer

Anni Mu, Deputy Group Commander, CA Air National Guard

Laura Mosqueda, Professor of Family Medicine and Geriatrics at USC Keck School of Medicine

Janet Napolitano, former Arizona governor, former Secretary of Homeland Security

Sharon Papa, Chief of Police, Hermosa Beach, CA

Ellen Stofan, Under Secretary for Science and Research, The Smithsonian

Mirtha Villereal-Younger, multiple leadership roles within CA military, currently President/CEO of Agile Construction

Hiltrud Werner, Volkswagen Board member

Joy White, Executive Director of the Air Force Space and Missile Systems Center

Maria Zuber, Vice President of Research, MIT

In addition, three women were interviewed who, due to the nature of their positions and sectors, asked that they not be identified in this book.
How human runners regulate footsteps on uneven terrain
Authors: Dhawale Nihav , Venkadesan Madhusudhan
Published: February 2023

Running stably on uneven natural terrain takes skillful control and was critical for human evolution. Even as runners circumnavigate hazardous obstacles such as steep drops, they must contend with uneven ground that is gentler but still destabilizing. We do not know how footsteps are guided based on the uneven topography of the ground and how those choices influence stability. Therefore, we studied human runners on trail-like undulating uneven terrain and measured their energetics, kinematics, ground forces, and stepping patterns. We find that runners do not selectively step on more level ground areas. Instead, the body’s mechanical response, mediated by the control of leg compliance, helps maintain stability without requiring precise regulation of footsteps. Furthermore, their overall kinematics and energy consumption on uneven terrain showed little change from flat ground. These findings may explain how runners remain stable on natural terrain while devoting attention to tasks besides guiding footsteps.
Direct and indirect mortality impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, March 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022
Authors: Lee Wha-Eum , Woo Park Sang , Weinberger Daniel M , Olson Donald , Simonsen Lone , Grenfell Bryan T , Viboud Cécile
Published: February 2023

Excess mortality studies provide crucial information regarding the health burden of pandemics and other large-scale events. Here, we use time series approaches to separate the direct contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection on mortality from the indirect consequences of the pandemic in the United States. We estimate excess deaths occurring above a seasonal baseline from March 1, 2020 to January 1, 2022, stratified by week, state, age, and underlying mortality condition (including COVID-19 and respiratory diseases; Alzheimer’s disease; cancer; cerebrovascular diseases; diabetes; heart diseases; and external causes, which include suicides, opioid overdoses, and accidents). Over the study period, we estimate an excess of 1,065,200 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 909,800–1,218,000) all-cause deaths, of which 80% are reflected in official COVID-19 statistics. State-specific excess death estimates are highly correlated with SARS-CoV-2 serology, lending support to our approach. Mortality from 7 of the 8 studied conditions rose during the pandemic, with the exception of cancer. To separate the direct mortality consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection from the indirect effects of the pandemic, we fit generalized additive models (GAM) to age- state- and cause-specific weekly excess mortality, using covariates representing direct (COVID-19 intensity) and indirect pandemic effects (hospital intensive care unit (ICU) occupancy and measures of interventions stringency). We find that 84% (95% CI 65–94%) of all-cause excess mortality can be statistically attributed to the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We also estimate a large direct contribution of SARS-CoV-2 infection (≥67%) on mortality from diabetes, Alzheimer’s, heart diseases, and in all-cause mortality among individuals over 65 years. In contrast, indirect effects predominate in mortality from external causes and all-cause mortality among individuals under 44 years, with periods of stricter interventions associated with greater rises in mortality. Overall, on a national scale, the largest consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic are attributable to the direct impact of SARS-CoV-2 infections; yet, the secondary impacts dominate among younger age groups and in mortality from external causes. Further research on the drivers of indirect mortality is warranted as more detailed mortality data from this pandemic becomes available.
Cyclic AMP is a critical mediator of intrinsic drug resistance and fatty acid metabolism in M. tuberculosis
Authors: Wong Andrew I , Beites Tiago , Planck Kyle A , Fieweger Rachael A , Eckartt Kathryn A , Li Shuqi , Poulton Nicholas C , VanderVen Brian C , Rhee Kyu Y , Schnappinger Dirk , Ehrt Sabine , Rock Jeremy
Published: February 2023

Cyclic AMP (cAMP) is a ubiquitous second messenger that transduces signals from cellular receptors to downstream effectors. Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), the etiological agent of tuberculosis, devotes a considerable amount of coding capacity to produce, sense, and degrade cAMP. Despite this fact, our understanding of how cAMP regulates Mtb physiology remains limited. Here, we took a genetic approach to investigate the function of the sole essential adenylate cyclase in Mtb H37Rv, Rv3645. We found that a lack of rv3645 resulted in increased sensitivity to numerous antibiotics by a mechanism independent of substantial increases in envelope permeability. We made the unexpected observation that rv3645 is conditionally essential for Mtb growth only in the presence of long-chain fatty acids, a host-relevant carbon source. A suppressor screen further identified mutations in the atypical cAMP phosphodiesterase rv1339 that suppress both fatty acid and drug sensitivity phenotypes in strains lacking rv3645. Using mass spectrometry, we found that Rv3645 is the dominant source of cAMP under standard laboratory growth conditions, that cAMP production is the essential function of Rv3645 in the presence of long-chain fatty acids, and that reduced cAMP levels result in increased long-chain fatty acid uptake and metabolism and increased antibiotic susceptibility. Our work defines rv3645 and cAMP as central mediators of intrinsic multidrug resistance and fatty acid metabolism in Mtb and highlights the potential utility of small molecule modulators of cAMP signaling.
Proliferative exhausted CD8+ T cells exacerbate long-lasting anti-tumor effects in human papillomavirus-positive head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
Authors: Cheng Danni , Qiu Ke , Rao Yufang , Mao Minzi , Li Li , Wang Yan , Song Yao , Chen Junren , Yi Xiaowei , Shao Xiuli , Huang Shao Hui , Zhang Yi , Chen Xuemei , Wu Sisi , Yu Shuaishuai , Liu Jun , Wang Haiyang , Peng Xingchen , Li Daibo , Yang Lin , Chen Li , Ying Zhiye , Zheng Yongbo , Zheng Meijun , Ying Binwu , Zeng Xiaoxi , Zhang Wei , Xu Wei , Liu Geoffrey , Chen Fei , Yu Haopeng , Zhao Yu , Ren Jianjun
Published: February 2023

The survival prognosis of human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive and HPV-negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is largely different, and little is known about the anti-tumor mechanism of tumor-infiltrated exhausted CD8+ T cells (Tex) in HNSCC. We performed cell-level multi-omics sequencing on human HNSCC samples to decipher the multi-dimensional characteristics of Tex cells. A proliferative exhausted CD8+ T cell cluster (P-Tex) which was beneficial to survival outcomes of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC was identified. Interestingly, P-Tex cells expressed CDK4 genes as high as cancer cells, which could be simultaneously inhibited by CDK4 inhibitors and might be a potential reason for the ineffectiveness of CDK4 inhibitors in treating HPV-positive HNSCC. P-Tex cells could aggregate in the antigen-presenting cell niches and activate certain signaling pathways. Together, our findings suggest a promising role for P-Tex cells in the prognosis of patients with HPV-positive HNSCC by providing modest but persistent anti-tumor effects.
A novel intelligent agent-based framework for appropriate stream selection from perceptive of career counseling
Authors: Alghamdi Abdulrahman Abdullah
Published: February 2023

Picking a career stream profoundly influences people’s abilities in different ways. Nowadays, choosing the correct career stream in advanced education is troublesome, as the number of people wanting to be in specific specializations is growing. Therefore, it is essential to be able to select the appropriate career path. This article proposes a system that can suggest streams in advanced education schools. This system is influenced by agent-based stream proposal systems (ASPS). The proposed system aims to make picking out the correct stream to study at school simpler for an individual. Different streams are evaluated based on seven pre-characterized models. In our system, three unique sorts of tests, learning styles, and coaching were coordinated in a way that caused the system to recognize an individual’s interests and limits to an area of study. A sample of 238 participants was recruited for our questionnaire on accessibility, user-friendliness, accuracy, and satisfaction with the system. The incorporation of learning styles and coaching proved helpful in the study. The reliability and validity were proven in addition to incorporating a thinking-aloud protocol and immediate evaluation in the pre-, during and post-tests. To a large extent, respondents were satisfied with the model, as was revealed in the Likert scale response frequencies and percentages. The proposed system can be applied to undergraduates choosing engineering, medicine, arts and science degrees
Quality attributes of date and wheat flour pineapple juice blended cookies as affected by different baking temperatures
Authors: Okoyeuzu Chigozie F. , Okoronkwo Chioma N. , Eze Chinwendu R. , Otuonye Chisom V. , Imamou Hassani Mouandhe , Nduka Onyekachukwu C. , Ufondu Helen E. , Okpala Charles Odilichukwu R. , Eze John I.
Published: February 2023

Studying the effects of temperature on cookies are necessary especially if the impact on quality attributes are to be deduced. More so, blending wheat flour, date flour, and pineapple juice could improve the nutrient quality required in modern-day cookies. This current study investigated the quality attributes of date and wheat flour pineapple juice blended cookies as affected by different baking temperatures. With pineapple juice serving as water substitute, the formulated date, and wheat flour blends adhered to the following ratios: 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, and 70:30. Baking cookies involved two different temperatures (160 °C and 180 °C) with constant time (30 min). Quality attributes determined proximate composition, micronutrients, physical and functional properties, and microbial and sensory qualities. Cookies proximate results showed moisture (6.89–7.40%), protein (8.73–10.22%), fat (14.37–15.99%), fiber (1.02–1.11%), ash (0.77–1.20%) and carbohydrate (64.85–67.71%). Various ranges appeared, from energy values (434.90–444.10 kcal), minerals (calcium = 33.18–62.45 mg/100 g; iron = 3.47–5.75 mg/100 g; potassium = 100.07–358.63 mg/100 g), vitamins (vitamin A =1.99–4.89 mg/100 g; vitamin C = 0.04–0.15 mg/100 g), physical (weight = 7.4–7.75 g; diameter = 3.50–4.01 cm; thickness = 0.99–1.20 cm; volume = 3.11–3.77 cm3; density = 2.06–2.41 g/cm3; spread ratio = 2.92–4.05 cm3), to functional (water absorption = 1.14–1.18 g/g; oil absorption capacity = 1.31–1.33 g/g; bulk density = 0.74–0.76 g/mL) properties. The microbial loads seemed somewhat acceptable as overall acceptability favoured sample WDFb (90% wheat, 10% date flour). The acceptability of cookies baked at 160 °C over those baked at 180 °C suggests the need for further studies to determine the energy requirements, and long-term environmental implications such (baking) temperatures would pose.
Effect of Therapeutic Touch on Maternal and Neonatal Outcomes in Primiparous Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Saha Shampa , Bharti Atima , Rai Arpita , Kumar Amit , Sandhya Kumari
Published: February 2023

Introduction: Childbirth is one of the most wonderful yet painful experiences in a woman’s life. Non pharmacological interventions like Therapeutic Touch (TT) can improve labour experiences in women. Aim: To assess the effect of TT on labour pain intensity, neonatal Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, Respiration (APGAR) score and admission to neonatal intensive care unit in primiparous women. Materials and Methods: In this review, PubMed-MEDLINE, Google Scholar, Cochrane CENTRAL databases were searched till February 2022, for prospective studies fulfilling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomised controlled trials comparing TT and massage therapy with usual intranatal care in primiparous women with singleton foetus and without any risk factors for pregnancy were included in this review. Two independent reviewers extracted data and assessed the quality of the trials. The results were presented in form of forest plots. Results: A total of 13 studies, including 1302 primiparous women, were included in the review for qualitative analysis. Amongst them ten studies involving 621 women included meta-analysis of labour pain intensity. Nine studies were included in the metaanalysis of the active phase of labour and four studies included in the transitional phase and one study in the fourth stage of labour. Eight studies used the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) to assess pain intensity. Overall, there was a small reduction in pain intensity of primiparous women receiving massage/TT compared to routine care {SMD: -0.96 (95% CI: -1.33, -0.60)}. Significant reduction of pain intensity was found in active {SMD: -0.79 (95% CI: -1.26, -0.32)} and transitional phase of labour {SMD: -1.18 (95% CI: -1.67, -0.69)}. No significant reduction of neonatal admission to the intensive care unit and APGAR score <7 at 5 minutes {RR: 0.71 (95% CI: 0.31, 1.62)} was found. Conclusion: TT has beneficial effect on reduction of Labour pain intensity in primiparous women. But no detectable effect was found for neonatal outcomes.
Effect of Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilizer on Phosphorus Uptake and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Some of Wheat Varieties (T. aestivum and T. durum)
Authors: Sharma Pramod Kumar , Elanchezhian R. , Gurjar Rekha , Choudhary Rajesh , Kumar Devendra , Yadav Rupesh
Published: February 2023

A field experiment was carried out in a subtropical region of India. The main purpose of this experiment was to grow different wheat genotypes under different nutrient doses and find out which genotype performed better in terms of yields and other attributes under nutrient constraints. Nine varieties of wheat (T. aestivum and T. durum L.) were selected and grown as test crops in the current investigation, adopting a split plot design that was replicated three times, with nutrient dose as the main plot and varieties as sub treatments. In the treatmentT1 = control, T2 = 100% (N+P+K), T3 = 50% N+100% (P+K), and T4 = 50% P+100% N+K, there are 36 plots in a block (9 varieties x 4 fertilizer N and P treatments). Of the nine varieties grown under normal N and P conditions, varieties NARMADA 14 and GW 366 had the highest P content in grain and straw. GW366 (10.93 kg/ha) had the highest average total P uptake, followed by NARMADA14 (10.90 kg/ha). Under normal doses of N and P, the variety HI 1531 (15.25%) had the highest apparent recovery of P, followed by NARMADA14 (15.15percent).Across all fertilizer N and P dosages, the highest average agronomic efficiency for P was found in GW366 (40.09%), followed by LOK1 (37.93%). NARMADA 14 and GW366 have the highest P content in grain and straw of the nine varieties grown under normal nitrogen conditions. Agronomic use efficiency and physiological use efficiency were generally substantially higher when computed on a P basis than they were when calculated on an N basis. P fraction concentrations in black soil varied, but they responded similarly to crop species and N sources. The N supply had an impact on the amounts of P taken from the soil. In P-deficient soils, the use of an appropriate N source and the selection of the right crop species may boost crop yield and plant P uptake.
Selective synthesis of oleyl alcohol via catalytic and non‐catalytic liquid‐phase methyl oleate reduction
Authors: Vallejo Orrego Alejandro , Ferretti Cristián A. , Díez Verónica K.
Published: February 2023

The upgrading of oleyl alcohol synthesis via methyl oleate reduction using NaBH4 without H2 supply was investigated. It was possible to synthesize selectively oleyl alcohol with high yields. Non‐catalytic and catalytic experiments were developed trying to improve the low final oleyl alcohol yield previously obtained. The effect of reaction temperature, methyl oleate/NaBH4 molar ratio and properties of different catalysts on final oleyl alcohol yield were analyzed. Thus, alumina‐supported metal (M) catalysts (M = Fe, Ce, Mo) were synthesized by incipient wetness impregnation. The M/Al2O3 catalysts were characterized in their chemical, textural, structural and acid–base properties using ICP, N2 physisorption, XRD and temperature‐programmed desorption (TPD) of NH3 and CO2. During non‐catalytic methyl oleate reduction, final methyl oleate conversion and oleyl alcohol yield of 94% were obtained using a methyl oleate/NaBH4 molar ratio of 0.11 at 333 K. Catalytic activity of M/Al2O3 solids increases as acid site number and ionic potential of M cations increase. In addition, the reaction mechanism for fatty acid methyl ester reduction was investigated from a theoretical approach using Density Functional Theory method at B3LYP/6‐31++G(d,p) computational level. Results obtained during theoretical calculations confirmed that the formation of reducing alcoxyborohydride species is energetically favored and allowed to understand the events at microscopic level involved in the reaction mechanism.
A rare mechanism of embolic stroke complicating coronary thrombus aspiration
Authors: Shiomura Reiko , Miyachi Hideki , Yamamoto Takeshi , Takano Hitoshi
Published: February 2023

Aspiration thrombectomy is often performed in patients with acute myocardial infarction with high thrombus burden. Current guidelines, however, recommend against it because of stroke risk. We report a case of embolic stroke complicating coronary thrombus aspiration in a 62‐year‐old man. Aspiration thrombectomy during percutaneous coronary intervention migrated thrombus to the proximal right coronary artery (RCA), and the thrombus was subsequently released into the aorta by backflow of the contrast injection causing aspiration thrombectomy‐associated stroke. This is an extremely rare mechanism by which complications arise from failed aspiration thrombectomy.
Successful coronary stent implantation using directional coronary atherectomy without side branch occlusion
Authors: Kawaguchi Tomohiro , Seiyama Kosuke , Doi Masayuki
Published: February 2023

Percutaneous coronary intervention with a drug‐eluting stent was successfully performed without a side branch (SB) occlusion. In this case, a directional coronary atherectomy catheter played an important role in modifying the plaque at the proximal left anterior descending artery and in crossing a wire to the jeopardized SB.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Skeletal Reorganization of Cyclobutanones Invoving Successive C—C Bond/C—H Bond Cleavage
Authors: Li Ruirui , Shi Xiaonan , Zhao Dongbing
Published: February 2023

Comprehensive Summary

The utilization of cyclobutanones as the synthon in transition metal catalysis has been made great success. Because C(carbonyl)−C bond of cyclobutanones can be cleaved through strain release. Despite those advancements, the main catalysts in literature are Rh catalysts or Ni catalysts and the reaction with C—H bond is still underdeveloped. Herein, we realized the first palladium‐catalyzed skeletal reorganization of cyclobutanones involving successive cleavage of C(carbonyl)−C bonds and C—H bond cleavage, which constitutes an rapid access to diverse indanones. In contrast to the previous Rh‐catalytic system, the Pd‐catalytic system herein involves different mechanism and features several advantages: 1) no need of directing group to facilitate the C(carbonyl)−C bond cleavage; 2) much milder reaction condition and 3) simplified work‐up.
Canonical and non‐canonical functions of STAT in germline stem cell maintenance
Authors: Xing Yalan , Larson Kimberly , Li Jinghong , Li Willis X.
Published: February 2023

Background

Maintenance of the Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs) requires activation of the Janus kinase/signal transducer and activators of transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway by niche signals. The precise role of JAK/STAT signaling in GSC maintenance, however, remains incompletely understood.

Results

Here, we show that, GSC maintenance requires both canonical and non‐canonical JAK/STAT signaling, in which unphosphorylated STAT (uSTAT) maintains heterochromatin stability by binding to heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1). We found that GSC‐specific overexpressing STAT, or even the transcriptionally inactive mutant STAT, increases GSC number and partially rescues the GSC‐loss mutant phenotype due to reduced JAK activity. Furthermore, we found that both HP1 and STAT are transcriptional targets of the canonical JAK/STAT pathway in GSCs, and that GSCs exhibit higher heterochromatin content.

Conclusions

These results suggest that persistent JAK/STAT activation by niche signals leads to the accumulation of HP1 and uSTAT in GSCs, which promote heterochromatin formation important for maintaining GSC identity. Thus, the maintenance of Drosophila GSCs requires both canonical and non‐canonical STAT functions within GSCs for heterochromatin regulation.
A chaos opposition‐based dwarf mongoose approach for workflow scheduling in cloud
Authors: Talha Adnane , Bouayad Anas , Malki Mohammed Ouçamah Cherkaoui
Published: February 2023

Cloud computing (CC) systems are a form of public infrastructure that has been in use since its beginnings. In such technologies, clients can access current services according to their requirements without knowing where the service is hosted or how it is supplied, and only pay for the services that they really consume. The CC system faces several challenges. Due to the large range of clients and services offered by this platform, it can be concluded that the scheduling problem and resource usage are its primary issues. In order to successfully balance the three main qualities of service (QoS) criteria: time, cost, and resource usage, researchers were inspired to improve the workflow scheduling (WFS) methods in cloud. Since the randomness of the initial population and the inadequate exploration/exploitation capacity, which has an impact on the quality of the solutions, traditional intelligent optimization algorithms have a poor convergence rate when it comes to resource scheduling. In this research, we suggested a hybridization method combining the Dwarf Mongoose algorithm (DWO) and Chaos opposition based learning algorithm called CO‐DWO in an attempt to develop a more effective optimization algorithm for workflow scheduling issue. The CO‐DWO can be much more advantageous in optimization with a better convergence rate in comparison with other literature techniques.
Distant metastasis in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma variants: A population‐based study
Authors: Takenaka Yukinori , Uno Atsuhiko , Tanaka Hidenori , Takemoto Norihiko , Inohara Hidenori
Published: February 2023

Background

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) with distant metastasis (DM) has poor prognosis. HNSCC has several histological variants with varying characteristics. We investigated the DM rates and prognoses of patients with DM among the HNSCC variants.

Methods

We obtained data from 54 722 cases using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Odds ratios (ORs) for DM and hazard ratios (HRs) for overall survival (OS) were estimated using a logistic regression model and a Cox proportional hazard model, respectively.

Results

DM rate was the lowest in verrucous carcinoma and the highest in basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC) (0.2% and 9.4%, respectively). ORs for DM were 3.63 for adenosquamous carcinoma, 6.80 for BSCC, and 3.91 for spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC). SpCC was significantly associated with a poor OS (HR, 1.61).

Conclusions

DM rates differed among the HNSCC variants. The prognosis of metastatic SpCC is worse than that of other metastatic HNSCCs.
Understanding and predicting the performance of passive heat and moisture exchangers using a numerical model
Authors: Leemans Maartje , van Alphen Maarten J. A. , Vallenduuk Wim , Dirven Richard , van den Brekel Michiel W. M. , Muller Sara H.
Published: February 2023

Background

To improve the understanding of the thermodynamics and performance of small passive hygroscopic Heat and Moisture Exchangers (HMEs), a computer model simulating HME function is required.

Methods

We developed a numerical HME model to calculate the HME's water and heat exchange. The model was tuned and verified with experimental data and validated by applying it to HME design variations.

Results

Verification of the model's results to the experimental data shows that the tuned model yields reliable results. The mass of the core, which determines the HME's total heat capacity, is the most important parameter influencing the performance of passive HMEs.

Conclusions

Increasing the HME's diameter is an effective way to improve an HME, as it yields higher performance and lowers breathing resistance. HMEs intended for use in warm or dry climates should contain more and those for use in cold humid climates should contain less hygroscopic salt.
Challenge on prediction of Influenza virus and SARS‐CoV‐2 virus co‐circulation
Authors: Liang Jingyi , Zeng Zhiqi , Li Qianying , Guan Wenda , Yang Zifeng , Hon Chitin
Published: February 2023

The COVID‐19 pandemic comes across the gradual rise of the influenza virus, and the co‐circulation of the two viruses is inevitable. The dangers of co‐infection are becoming clearer, but the disease burden of co‐circulation in the near further is unknown. In the intersection era of big data and machine learning development, it is important to distinguish the impact factors of co‐prevalence and apply appropriate methods to advance projecting future risks.
Water and salt replacement through soil salt leaching under brackish water conditions with subsurface pipe drainage
Authors: Li Dongwei , Zhao Yulong , Li Mingsi , Zhou Xinguo , Li Wenhao , Jia Yanhui
Published: February 2023

To explore the improvement effect of subsurface drainage and brackish water on saline alkali soil, an orthogonal experimental design was used to conduct soil column experiments under nine parameter combinations of the depth of the buried subsurface pipe, irrigation amount and salinity of brackish water. A numerical model of soil water and salt movement was established, and the physical parameters of the soil were verified by using the software HYDRUS‐1D. The results indicated that the salinity of the brackish water only affected salt replacement. The salt replacement associated with subsurface drainage decreases with increasing water and salt replacement area at a constant irrigation volume. The salt replacement amount through subsurface pipe drainage increased with the irrigation amount in constant water and salt replacement areas. When the burial depths of the subsurface pipes were 140 and 160 cm and the irrigation amounts were >3180 and 3990 m3 ha−1, respectively, the salt discharge through the subsurface pipes was greater than the salt content carried by the brackish water, and the salt content of the soil in the root zone reached the critical salt tolerance value of cotton, which can simultaneously show that the soil salt content would not affect cotton growth.
Stool donor screening within a Therapeutic Goods Administration compliant donor screening program for fecal microbiota transplantation
Authors: Tucker Emily C , Haylock‐Jacobs Sarah , Rapaic Mirjana , Dann Lisa M , Bryant Robert V , Costello Samuel P
Published: February 2023

Background and Aim

This study evaluates whether a stool donor program to supply fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) product is feasible in the Australian regulatory environment. The primary outcome was capacity to supply FMT product. The secondary outcomes were donor eligibility, retention, and output.

Methods

Prospective observational cohort study using data collected from the stool donor and FMT production records from BiomeBank, South Australia. Participants were people who engaged with BiomeBank's donor screening and FMT manufacturing process between 01 January 2021 and 31 December 2021.

Results

In total 176 people registered interest in the program, 74 of 176 (42.0%) proceeded to written questionnaire, 14 of 176 (8.0%) underwent clinical assessment, and 8 of 176 (4.5%) enrolled in the program. Two people were ineligible based on laboratory tests: both had an extended spectrum beta‐lactamase producing organism in stool and one also tested positive for hepatitis B core antibody. Two donors remained eligible from 2020, resulting in 10 enrolled donors in 2021; 5 of 10 (50%) male with a median age of 36.9 years (interquartile range, 30.3–42.7 years). All donors were ineligible to donate at some time point. There were 144 stool donations processed into 1480 50 mL FMT; 413 FMT were shipped to 33 Australian hospitals for treatment, 470 for clinical trials, and 89 were destroyed prior to release from quarantine.

Conclusion

Recruitment into the program, retention, and maximizing the yield from a donation period was challenging. Despite this, BiomeBank was able to produce and supply FMT to Australian hospitals under the TGA‐regulated Class 2 Biologicals framework.
Long noncoding RNA 02027 inhibits proliferation, migration and invasion of hepatocellular carcinoma via miR‐625‐3p/PDLIM5 pathway
Authors: Wang Jinyi , Zhu Yong , Ai Xiaoming , Wan Hong , Jia Wenbo , Chu Jian , Xu Bin , Kong Xiangxu , Kong Lianbao
Published: February 2023

Background

Long non‐coding RNAs have been established to promote or inhibit the oncogenic and tumorigenic potential of various cancers, acting as competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) for specific microRNAs. The primary objective of the study was to investigate the underlying mechanism by which the LINC02027/miR‐625‐3p/PDLIM5 axis affects proliferation, migration and invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The differentially expressed gene was selected based on gene sequencing and bioinformation database analysis of HCC and adjacent non‐tumor tissues. The expression of LINC02027 in HCC tissues and cells and its regulatory effect on the development of HCC were detected by colony formation, cell counting kit‐8 assays, wound healing assays, Transwell assays and subcutaneous tumorigenesis assays in nude mice. According to the results of database prediction, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction and dual‐luciferase reporter assay, the downstream microRNA and target gene were searched. Finally, HCC cells were transfected with lentivirus and used for cell function assays in vitro and in vivo.

Results

Downregulation of LINC02027 was detected in HCC tissues and cell lines and was associated with poor prognosis. The overexpression of LINC02027 suppressed the proliferation, migration and invasion of HCC cells. Mechanistically, LINC02027 inhibited epithelial‐to‐mesenchymal transition. As a ceRNA, LINC02027 inhibited the malignant ability of HCC by competitively binding to miR‐625‐3p to regulate the expression of PDLIM5.

Conclusions

The LINC02027/miR‐625‐3p/PDLIM5 axis inhibits the development of HCC.
Association of 48‐h net fluid status with change in renal function and dyspnea among patients with decompensated heart failure: A pooled cohort analysis of three acute heart failure trials
Authors: Chen Alyssa Y. , Kannan Subhasri , Chu Eugene S. , Sumarsono Andrew
Published: February 2023

Background

Acute heart failure (AHF) exacerbations are a leading cause of hospitalization in the United States. Despite the frequency of AHF hospitalizations, there are inadequate data or practice guidelines on how quickly diuresis should be achieved.

Objective

To study the association of 48‐h net fluid change and (A) 72‐h change in creatinine and (B) 72‐h change in dyspnea among patients with acute heart failure.

Designs, Settings, and Participants

This is a retrospective, pooled cohort analysis of patients from the DOSE, ROSE, and ATHENA‐HF trials.

Interventions

The primary exposure was 48‐h net fluid status.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The co‐primary outcomes were 72‐h change in creatinine and 72‐h change in dyspnea. The secondary outcome was risk of 60‐day mortality or rehospitalization.

Results

Eight hundred and seven patients were included. The mean 48‐h net fluid status was −2.9 L. A nonlinear association was observed with net fluid status and creatinine change, such that creatinine improved with each liter net negative up to 3.5 L (−0.03 mg/dL per liter negative [95% confidence interval [CI]: −0.06 to −0.01) and remained stable beyond 3.5 L (−0.01 [95% CI: −0.02 to 0.001], p = .17). Net fluid loss was associated with a monotonic improvement of dyspnea (1.4‐point improvement per liter negative [95% CI: 0.7–2.2], p = .0002). Each liter net negative by 48 h was also associated with 12% decreased odds of 60‐day rehospitalization or death (odds ratio: 0.88; 95% CI: 0.82–0.95; p = .002).

Conclusion

Aggressive net fluid targets within the first 48 h are associated with effective relief of patient self‐reported dyspnea and improved long‐term outcomes without adversely affecting renal function.
Establishing the linkage between eba's instrumental and sensory descriptive profiles and their correlation with consumer preferences: implications for cassava breeding
Authors: Emmanuel Alamu Oladeji , Teeken Béla , Ayetigbo Oluwatoyin , Adesokan Michael , Kayondo Ismail , Chijioke Ugo , Madu Tessy , Okoye Benjamin , Abolore Bello , Njoku Damian , Rabbi Ismail , Egesi Chiedozie , Ndjouenkeu Robert , Bouniol Alexandre , De Sousa Kauê , Dufour Dominique , Maziya‐Dixon Busie
Published: February 2023

BACKGROUND

Gari and eba, forms of cassava semolina, are mainly consumed in Nigeria and other West African countries. This study aimed to define the critical quality traits of gari and eba, to measure their heritability, to define medium and high throughput instrumental methods for use by breeders, and to link the traits with consumer preferences. The definition of a food product's profiles, including its biophysical, sensory, and textural qualities, and the identification of the characteristics that determine its acceptability, are important if new genotypes are to be adopted successfully.

RESULTS

Eighty cassava genotypes and varieties (three different sets) from the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) research farm were used for the study. Participatory processing and consumer testing data on different types of gari and eba products were integrated to prioritize the traits preferred by processors and consumers. The color, sensory, and instrumental textural properties of these products were determined using standard analytical methods, and standard operating protocols (SOPs) developed by the RTBfoods project (Breeding Roots, Tubers, and Banana Products for End‐user Preferences, https://rtbfoods.cirad.fr). There were significant (P < 0.05) correlations between instrumental hardness and sensory hardness and between adhesiveness and sensory moldability. Principal component analysis showed broad discrimination amongst the cassava genotypes and the association of the genotypes concerning the color and textural properties.

CONCLUSIONS

The color properties of gari and eba, together with instrumental measures of hardness and cohesiveness, are important quantitative discriminants of cassava genotypes. © 2023 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
The Interaction Effect of 27‐Hydroxycholesterol Metabolism Disorder and CYP27A1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Evidence from a Case–Control Study
Authors: Wang Lijing , Yu Huiyan , Hao Ling , Ju Mengwei , Feng Wenjing , Xiao Rong
Published: February 2023

Scope

The aim of the study is to investigate the relationship between 27‐hydroxycholesterol (27‐OHC), 27‐hydroxylase (CYP27A1) polymorphisms, and Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods and results

A case–control study based on EMCOA study includes 220 healthy cognition and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) subjects respectively, matched by sex, age, and education. The level of 27‐OHC and its related metabolites are examined by high performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (HPLC−MS). The results show that 27‐OHC level is positively associated with risk of MCI (p < 0.001), negatively associated with specific domain of cognitive function. Serum 27‐OHC is positively associated with 7a‐hydroxy‐3‐oxo‐4‐cholestenoic acid (7‐HOCA) in cognitive healthy subjects, while positively associated with 3β‐hydroxy‐5‐cholestenoic acid (27‐CA) in MCI subjects (p < 0.001). CYP27A1 and Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotyping are determined. The global cognitive function is significant higher in Del‐carrier of rs10713583, compared with AA genotype (p = 0.007). Stroop Color‐Word Test Interference Trial (SCWT‐IT) is significant higher in G‐carrier genotype (p = 0.042), compared with TT genotype in rs12614206.

Conclusions

The results show that 27‐OHC metabolic disorder is associated with MCI and multi‐domain cognitive function. CYP27A1 SNPs is correlated to cognitive function, while the interaction between 27‐OHC and CYP27A1 SNPs need further study.
Bunkering and information decisions in the sea cargo service industry based on uncertain spot price
Authors: Song Zhuzhu , Xu Man , Chen Pingping
Published: February 2023

The pursuit of lower costs and the volatility of spot prices force shipping companies to sign fuel supply contracts with suppliers in advance. Meanwhile, suppliers that take on price risks typically seek further information on spot market prices. Furthermore, they need to consider whether to share the information with shipping companies as such information can affect shipping companies' decision on speed and, hence, their fuel consumption and shipper business. To study the refueling and information issues of the shipping supply chain, we describe a game between a shipping company and a supplier on the basis of a fuel supply contract. Results show that compared with the case without information sharing, the case with information sharing with a possibly lower spot price can bring higher profits for the shipping company and supplier. At this point, the shipping company will increase its navigation speed and benefit from the resulting increase in shipper business. Meanwhile, the supplier can benefit from the shipping company's increased fuel consumption. The supplier decides to share information with the shipping company before receiving signals only when the prediction accuracy is high, indicating that the supplier's prediction motivation is to sway the shipping company's risk assessment. Restricted by prediction costs, the supplier will not improve the prediction accuracy indefinitely, but such improvement can always benefit the shipping company. Hence, information prediction can be a win‐win strategy for the shipping company and supplier.
Asymptotics for the eigenvalues of Toeplitz matrices with a symbol having a power singularity
Authors: Bogoya Manuel , Grudsky Sergei M.
Published: February 2023

The present work is devoted to the construction of an asymptotic expansion for the eigenvalues of a Toeplitz matrix as goes to infinity, with a continuous and real‐valued symbol having a power singularity of degree with , at one point. The resulting matrix is dense and its entries decrease slowly to zero when moving away from the main diagonal, we apply the so called
simple‐loop
(SL) method for constructing and justifying a uniform asymptotic expansion for all the eigenvalues. Note however, that the considered symbol does not fully satisfy the conditions imposed in previous works, but only in a small neighborhood of the singularity point. In the present work: (i) We construct and justify the asymptotic formulas of the SL method for the eigenvalues with , where the eigenvalues are arranged in nondecreasing order and is a sufficiently small fixed number. (ii) We show, with the help of numerical calculations, that the obtained formulas give good approximations in the case . (iii) We numerically show that the main term of the asymptotics for eigenvalues with , formally obtained from the formulas of the SL method, coincides with the main term of the asymptotics constructed and justified in the classical works of Widom and Parter.