bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FE and physical modelling of plastic deformation the two-layer Mg/Al materials
Authors: Mróz Sebastian , Stefanik Andrzej , Szota Piotr
Published: August 2023

The paper has presented the results of theoretical studies and experimental tests of the plastic deformation of two-layered Mg/Al specimens. Theoretical studies were carried out using the Forge2011® computer program. Physical modeling, on the other hand, was performed using the Gleeble3800 simulator.Cuboidal specimens with dimensions of 10x15x20 mm and a cladding layer thickness of 1.5 mm were cut off from the sheets obtained in the explosive welding method. The theoretical studies and experimental tests were carried out for the temperature range from 300 to 400°C and for different strain rates. Based on the obtained investigation results it has been found that the main parameters influencing the formability of two-layered Mg/Al materials are temperature and the strain rate.
Multi-scale modeling of deposition and re-sputtering of NixTi1-x thin film in a magnetron sputtering chamber
Authors: Dey Aniruddha  , Aich Shampa  , Ghosh Sudipto  , Mohapatra S.S.  , Kumar A.  , Behera Ajit
Published: August 2023

Deposition and re-sputtering of Ni-Ti thin films by magnetron sputtering was simulated using a multi-scale modeling approach. The sputtering of Ni and Ti targets and the transport of sputtered Ni and Ti atoms through the background gas were simulated using a Monte-Carlo approach, while the deposition of the sputtered atom onto the film surface was analyzed using molecular dynamics. The interaction of Ar+ ions with the deposited film under the influence of substrate bias was also simulated using a Monte-Carlo approach. The distribution of sputtered atoms over the substrate and the fraction of total sputtered atoms from Ni and Ti targets that reached the substrate were calculated for an off centred target which made an angle of 30° with the substrate. The effects of target voltage and gas temperature on the distribution of sputtered atom over substrate were studied with the help of the aforesaid simulations. It was observed that with increasing target voltage, the fraction of sputtered atoms reaching the substrate was increased slightly for a pure Ni target, while it showed very little change for a pure Ti target. With increasing gas temperature, the value for the same decreased initially, but increased beyond a critical temperature. The velocities of incident Ni and Ti atoms on the substrate were calculated and it was found that no intrinsic re-sputtering could take place for a Ni0.5Ti0.5 thin film under the simulated conditions. The fraction of deposited atoms that were re-sputtered by Ar+ ions under varying substrate bias was also calculated and was found to increase substantially with the increase in the magnitude of the substrate bias voltage. Finally, the stability of crystalline and amorphous Ni and Ti were estimated on the basis of fraction of atoms re-sputtered using a classical molecular dynamics approach.
Numerical model of cold deformation of TRIP steel
Authors: Rauch �ukasz , Sk�ra Mariusz , Bzowski Krzysztof , Pietrzyk Maciej
Published: August 2023

Exploring possibilities of modelling deformation of TRIP steel during manufacturing of fasteners was the objective of the paper. Homogenised flow stress model for the investigated steels was determined first on the basis of compression tests. Inverse analysis was applied to eliminate the effect of friction and deformation heating in compression. Possibility of prediction of local strains and stresses accounting for the TRIP effect was investigated next. Representative Volume Element (RVE) and Statistically Similar Representative Volume Element (SSRVE) with TRIP microstructures were developed and subjected to deformation. Transformation of the retained austenite into martensite was simulated. Computing costs of the RVE and SSRVE were compared and it was shown that they are an order of the magnitude lower for the latter. The SSRVE based micro model, which can be attached to the FE code which simulates forging of fasteners, is the main output of the paper.
A computational fluid dynamics analysis of transport enforced by Marangoni effect during laser welding
Authors: Siwek Aleksander
Published: August 2023

The influence of sulfur content on the welding process has been described in several papers. Sulfur as one of the surface active elements affects the surface tension of the liquid steel. In previous models of welding, initial sulfur content was the same in both welded parts. The article concerns the case where the welded materials differ in sulfur. Mutual mixing of welded materials in welding pool leads to periodic changes of driving force direction. The model permits the calculation of sulfur concentration in weld pool and weld size depending on the initial composition, laser power and welding velocity.
Development of the material database for the VirtRoll computer system dedicated to design of an optimal hot strip rolling technology
Authors: Bzowski Krzysztof , Kitowski Jacek , Kuziak Roman , Uranga Pello , Gutierrez Isabel , Jacolot Ronan , Rauch �ukasz , Pietrzyk Maciej
Published: August 2023

The paper describes the material database, which was developed and included in the VirtRoll computer system dedicated to the design of optimal hot strip rolling technologies. The structure and functionalities of the database are described in the first part of the paper. The integration between the database and the system through the Scalarm platform is described next. Following chapters are dedicated to generation of material data, which are included in the database. These data are coefficients in material models, which include flow stress models, microstructure evolution models, phase transformation models and mechanical properties models. Several models of various complexity and various predictive capabilities were chosen for each mentioned phenomenon. All are mean field models to allow fast simulation of the whole manufacturing chain. Modern steel grades were selected as the case studies. Experimental tests performed to generate the data composed plastometric tests, stress relaxation tests and dilatometric tests. Inverse analysis was applied to determine the coefficients in the model. Discussion of results focused on validation and on new aspects of models recapitulates the paper.
The highest entropy production during diffusion
Authors: Serafin Daria� , Wierzba Bartek�
Published: August 2023

In the present paper, the theory of the highest entropy production is discussed. It allows to predict, which phases will grow during the multiphase ternary interdiffusion process. Moreover, the phase with the highest entropy production value will nucleate as first in the reaction zone. To verify the theory the mathematical formula for calculating the entropy production was formulated. The formula bases on the generalized Darken method. Two diffusion couples: pure titanium with high purity copper-nickel alloys with different initial composition: Ni10Cu90-Ti and Ni90Cu10-Ti (at at. %) were annealed to obtain the thermodynamic and kinetic data. The integral diffusion coefficients for each component in each phase were determined using Wagner method. The reaction zones in ternary system have been analyzed: the microstructure was observed and chemical compositions were measured. Based on obtained results the entropy production was calculated. The results show that the theory of the highest entropy production can be applied in determining a proper diffusion path in multicomponent, multiphase system.�
Rule-based controlling of a multiscale model of precipitation kinetics
Authors: Macio� Piotr�
Published: August 2023

One of the most important obstacles of widening of multiscale modelling is its high computational demand. It is caused by the fact, that each of numerous fine scale models has comparable computational requirements to a coarse scale one. There are several ways of decreasing of computational time of multiscale models. Optimization of a structure of a model is one of the most promising. In this paper the Adaptive Multiscale Modelling Methodology is described, including Knowledge-Based adaptation of the multiscale model of precipitation kinetics during heat treatment. Core features of the methodology are introduced. The numerical model of heat treatment of an aluminium alloy based on the methodology and the dedicated framework is presented. Besides modelling of macroscopic heat transfer, models of precipitation kinetics based on thermodynamic calculations are included. To decrease computational requirements arising from coupling of the macroscale model and the thermodynamic models, metamodeling and similarity approaches are applied. Computations with several configuration of rules are described, as well as their results. Reliability and time consumption of computations are discussed. Future perspectives of combining of modelling and metamodeling in one, integrated model are discussed.
La responsabilidad social universitaria. Los antecedentes para la creación de un modelo de RSU en la Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit
Authors: Rivas Laura Talina Rivera , Rodríguez Verónica Melisa Contreras , Martínez Cesar Rafael Gómez , Montes Irma Leticia Contreras , Cárdenas Juan Francisco Gómez , López Francisco Javier Ocegueda , Narváez Ana Carolina Arvizu , Cuevas Tania Nadiezdha Plascencia
Published: August 2023

La responsabilidad social universitaria (RSU) surge como una nueva cultura organizacional que hace referencia a la gestión de las universidades, a través de las políticas pública, para generar un cambio estructural al interior de las instituciones educativas para dar respuesta a las problemáticas que se presentan en la sociedad, a través de la formación de profesionistas con sentido de compromiso con su entorno y capaces de resolver problemáticas actuales. Cuando se habla de éste sentido, no se trata solo de hablar de una serie de políticas que coloquen a la administración de las instituciones de educación superior en una situación cómoda, sin embargo, la responsabilidad social universitaria puede considerarse como una de las mejores alternativas con que se cuenta, en la búsqueda de que se arraiguen los sentidos tanto de pertinencia como el de legitimidad académica, así como la decadencia de la enseñanza socialmente anclada en la era de las multinacionales universitarias. En el siguiente trabajo de investigación se presenta una propuesta sobre la implementación del modelo de responsabilidad social universitaria, para aplicarse en la universidad autónoma de Nayarit.
Bio-ethanol Production from Strawberry by Saccharomyces cerevisiae in Repeated Batch Abstract
Authors: Robati Reza , Mirahmadinejad Elhamalsadat , Ghasemi Farhad
Published: August 2023

Bio-ethanol, is considered the cleanest fluid fuel, and can be a dependable substitution to non-renewable energy sources. The maturation of sugar parts of plant materials produces it. Due to their high sugar content and abundance of nutrients, berries are thought to be an excellent source of fermentation products. This examination saw how well the yeast "Saccharomyces cerevisiae" created ethanol from strawberries (Fragaria ananassa) in rehashed bunches. According to the findings, strawberry juice had a total sugar concentration of 41.87 g/l. The final bioethanol percentage, ethanol yield, and maximum productivity were, respectively, 6 g/l/h (g ethanol per liter of strawberry juice per hour), 35 g/l (g ethanol per liter of raspberry juice), and 7 g/l (g ethanol per liter of strawberry juice).
Sustainability of Farmer Producer Organisation’s – Major constraints in functioning of FPO in Tamil Nadu, India
Authors: Jayashree V. , Rani A. Janaki , Karthikeyan C. , Malarkodi M. , Selvi R. Gangai
Published: August 2023

The concept of group formation and collectivization by organizing at the regional level is very important in the era of globalization and free trade liberalization. FPOs organize small farmers for forward linkages such as collective, marketing, processing, and market-driven agriculture production, as well as backward linkages for inputs like seeds, fertilizers, credit, insurance, knowledge, and extension services. Even though FPOs are doing well, still they face lot of challenges and struggle for their sustainability.  Keeping these factors in view, the current study was done to determine the constraints, that Farmers' Producers Organization (FPO) faced for sustainable functioning. The study was conducted in Pennagaram block of Dharmapuri district in Tamil Nadu. 100 members of FPO were selected for the study. The interview schedule is used to collect the data. Rank Based Quotient (RBQ) was used to analyse the data collected. The results showed that lack of initiatives among the FPO members with the RBQ score of 83.83 under personal constraints, lack of well-developed processing facilities with the RBQ score of 90.00 under infrastructural constraints, lack of crop insurance facilities with the RBQ score of 93.00 under economic constraints, high transportation cost with the RBQ score of 95.17 under marketing constraints, weak economic status to run the organisation with the RBQ score of 86.38 under organisational constraints and lack of timely, cheap and good quality inputs with the RBQ score of 94.00 under technical constraints were the major constraints faced by the FPO members. Initiation among the FPO members, well developed processing and marketing facilities in their villages, provision of crop insurance for affected farmers, tax exemption, inclusion of their millets production in ration shops for supply are the suggestions expressed by the FPOs for their sustainability.
Motivational Factors of Learners for Enrolling in Organic Farming Certificate Course through Open and Distance Learning (ODL)
Authors: Shobikashree B. , Balasubramaniam P. , Lakshmi S. , Krishnan R. , Selvi R. Gangai
Published: August 2023

This study aims at exploring the motivational factors that propelled the learners to join the Open and Distance Learning certificate course. The motivational factors that are influencing the enrolment of learners in the course were: Teaching – Learning process in the ODL study centre, Academic factors of the ODL certificate course, Attractive factors of the ODL study centre and other influencing factors on the motivation of learners to enrol in ODL certificate course. Using a quantitative research approach, a structured survey questionnaire was employed to intercept the motivational factors of the learners using data collected from certified learners of the Organic farming course provided in the TNAU ODL directorate. Results from the application of Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) of 131 valid learners implied Teaching-Learning process, Academic factors, Attractive factors and other influencing factors have significantly motivated the learners to enrol ODL certificate course. Hence, these factors that may affect enrolment of learners and should be taken as the factors that every distance study centre should pay attention to when implementing the certificate programmes.
Dynamics of Labour Use in Cotton Farming in India: An Economic Appraisal
Authors: Agarwal Isabella
Published: August 2023

In India, a large proportion of the workforce is still dependent on the agricultural sector (63.32% employment share in 1990-91, which reduced further to 42.61% in 2019-20. A gradual diminishing pattern has been observed in percentage of agricultural workers to the total workforce in the country and it is projected to reach 25.7% by 2050 creating a critical shortage of farm labour. This paper is intended to understand the dynamic changes in the labour utilization, farm mechanisation and labour productivity across the States in cotton farming during the years 2007 to 2019 by using cost of cultivation scheme data. Eleven major cotton growing States have been selected for the study. The data on cost of cultivation scheme of Government of India was used to calculate the changes in crop profitability, labour use, labour costs and labour productivity indices. In spite of increased growth in wage rate, the labour productivity growth is not that significant in most of the States. Selective mechanization wherein the labour shortage is crucial affecting the crop productivity should be identified and given impetus.
The Effect of Inquiry and Problem-Based Learning Models on Understanding of Mathematics Concepts Viewed from Student Learning Motivation
Authors: Nurlaili Desi Wahyuni , Zurweni  , Syaiful
Published: August 2023

This study aims to find out The Effect of Inquiry and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) Models on Understanding of Mathematics Concepts Viewed from Student Learning Motivation. The study employed the quantitative research approach with a quasi-experimental design. Data obtained with the pattern of pretest and posttest. Based on data analysis and discussion, it was be concluded that: (1) there is an influence of Inquiry and PBL learning models on students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This is because the Inquiry and Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model syntax can help students develop their ability to understand mathematical concepts, (2) there is an effect of high learning motivation, moderate learning motivation, and low learning motivation on students' understanding of mathematical concepts after applying the learning model, (3) there is the interaction between the Inquiry learning model, the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning model, and Direct Instruction (DI) with learning motivation in influencing the ability to understand mathematical concepts. Therefore, mathematics teachers should pay attention to students' learning motivation towards their abilities and apply Inquiry or Problem-Based Learning (PBL) learning models that help increase students' understanding of mathematical concepts.
Motivation and Influencing Factors of the Second Language Acquisition Based on the Grounded Theory
Authors: He Limin , Li Chunming
Published: August 2023

This study explored students’ learning ways, motivations and influencing factors of second language acquisition (SLA) based on the grounded theory. A qualitative research method was used, and semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted to collect data. The interviewees are undergraduates in Zhaoqing University. The findings showed that students currently adopt a combination of teacher-guided learning way and self-directed learning way in the process of SLA. Moreover, SLA motivations can be categorized into intrinsic motivation (knowledge, achievement, stimulation) and extrinsic motivation (external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation). In addition, the factors of environment, motivation, competence, subjective norm, attitude, outcome expectation, language aptitude and habit can exert significant influence on SLA.
A Study of Land Use and Gully Erosion in Nekede Community, Owerri West, Imo State, Nigeria Using the GIS
Authors: Obi Femi Martins Durumbah , Ejenma Enyinnaya , Falana Olufemi
Published: August 2023

Land use and gully erosion incidence in Nekede community, Owerri Imo state was studied using some digital tools of the GIS and remote sensing. The Nigeria sat. 2 imagery sourced from the National Space Research and Development Agency (NASRDA) was acquired from the Landsat ETM sensor with a resolution of 30m. Landsat TM and ETM data obtained had cloud cover of less than 20%. The images were geo-referenced to a Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) grid using the software to allow compatibility and comparison with other data sets. The Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) 30m DEM of the study area was downloaded from the CIAT-CSI SRTM website. These data were projected to the UTM coordinates system and clipped to the extent of the study area. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) was equally used to show some details since a ratio of red and near infra-red bands from a remotely-sensed image-greenness can be defined. Results are that the colour differences found in a large part of the south-west indicated built-up but were much earlier in time covered by dense forest cover which the inhabitants cleared in the process of urbanization and agricultural activities exposing the fragile soil to heavy rainfall and concentrated run off. The high speed of the surface runoff leads to rapid washing away of the soil and weakening the soil strata bringing in effect gullies. Land use zoning using digital GIS and remote sensing models in monitoring land use/cover changes following existing master plans was among others recommended.
Frequency Distribution of ABO and Rhesus Blood Group System and their Association with the Prevalence of Various Clinical Disorders among the Kashmiri Donors: “A Possible Correlation or Just Random Distribution”
Authors: Bashir Mudasir , Lone Moien Rasheed , Sofi Ishtiyaq Ahmad , Lone Shabir-Ud-Din
Published: August 2023

Aim: The knowledge of blood group distribution is essential for inventory management and disease trends related to different blood groups. Besides being important in blood transfusion, ABO and Rh blood group system play an important role in forensic pathology, disease susceptibility and population genetics. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery/Bachelor of Dental Surgery) students belonging to different geographical locations in the Kashmir valley, Jammu and Kashmir, India as well as the prevalence of various disorders among the students and their parents in relation to ABO and Rh blood groups.

Study Design: A Comparative Study.

Place and Duration of Study: Department of Physiology, Government Medical College Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India.

Methodology: The ABO and Rh status was determined according to the classical slide test method. The prevalence of various disorders in the students and their parents was studied by self-administered questionnaire and all the required information was collected

Results: The overall prevalence of the different blood groups followed the order:  O+ > A+ ≥ B+> O->AB+>B‑.The most common prevalent disorders associated with different blood groups were diabetes, hypertension, hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. The other less prevalent disorders associated with several blood groups were polycystic ovarian disease, gout, myopia, fatty liver, atrial septal defect, HBV infection and vitiligo.

Conclusions: The results of the present and other studies indicates that if not the exact cause of disease, the individuals with different blood group antigens are susceptible to several disorders and other health problems. Further research investigations should be conducted at large scale in order to understand such possible connections between the blood groups and diseases if any such exist.
Congenital Cyst of Pancreas in a Newborn: A Rare Presentation
Authors: Jain Nitin , Ratan Simmi K.
Published: August 2023

Pancreatic cysts are rare lesions in newborns. Prenatal diagnosis of true congenital pancreatic cyst is rare and many times cystic lesion on prenatal scans confused with mesenteric cyst, ovarian cyst, and left renal cyst. Here we report a newborn presented with antenatally detected upper abdominal cystic lesion. The cystic mass was located in the left upper side of the abdomen, and total cystectomy was performed without any intra or post-operative complication. Histopathological examination demonstrated presence of pancreatic tissues in the wall of cyst with foci of inflammation and cystically dilated ducts, lined by flattened epithelium. Features suggestive of congenital true pancreatic cyst with pancreatic fluid as its predominant content.
Effects of Ethanol leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and Gongronama latifolium on some Haematological Parameters of Albino Wistar Rats
Authors: Nyah Nkereuwem U. , Effiong James O. , Okon Okon E. , Obosi Ekemini J. , Essien Ukeme A.
Published: August 2023

The effects of ethanol leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and Gongronema latifolium on some haematological parameters (Haematocrit, HCT; Mean corpuscular Haemoglobin concentration, MCHC; Neutrophils, NEUT; Red cell Distribution width, RDW; and mixed blood cell count, MXD) in albino wistar rats were evaluated. Sixteen animals (185-223g) were assigned four groups of four rats each. Groups 1 and 3 were treated with 200mg/kg Mangifera indica and Gongronama latifolium respectively.

Group 2 was treated with 200mg/kg of both plant leaf extracts at 50:50 dosage ratio. Group 4 was not treated and served as control. Treatment was done daily via oral route for one month. The animals were allowed free access to commercial rat mash and water throughout one month treatment. At the end of the treatment, no significant difference (P>0.05) was found in the HCT, MCHC and MXD levels in all the treatment groups when compared to the control. No significant difference (P>0.05) was also found among the treatment groups. NEUT levels in groups 1,2 and 3 animals recorded significant increase (P<0.05) when compared to the control but, no significant difference (P>0.05) was observed among the treatment groups. RDW recorded significant decrease (P<0.05) in groups 1,2 and 3 when compared to the control, but not significant different (P>0.05) was found among the treatment groups. These results implied that ethanol leaf extracts of Mangifera indica and Gongonema latifolium have no adverse effects on the haematological indices studied.
Composition, Diversity, and Value of Ecological Importance in Andean Grassland Ecosystems according to the Altitudinal Gradient in the Huacracocha Micro-Watershed, Peru
Authors: Yaranga Raúl M. , Pizarro Samuel E. , Cano Deyvis , Chanamé Fernan C. , Orellana Javier A.
Published: August 2023

Aims: determine the composition and floristic diversity, the similarity between sites based on the distribution of species in the altitudinal gradient, and determine the value of ecological importance, in Andean grassland ecosystems.

Study Design: Original research.

Place and Duration of Study: This study took place in the Huacracocha micro-watershed in the Central Highlands of Peru, during the rainy season (January - March 2022).

Methodology: The agrostological evaluation points were determined taking into account twelve sites of interest were determined, located from the lowest part of the micro-watershed (4091.8 masl) to the part with the highest vegetation cover (4512.27 masl), the agrostological reading process at each evaluation site was carried out using the radial transect method with the line and intercept point technique.

Results: We observed the presence of the presence of 78 vascular species, included in 51 genus and 21 families, was found. The dominance of certain species characterized the type of grassland vegetation, and at least 3 species determined the similarity between sites. The alpha diversity index was low, and the value of ecological importance ranged between 0.0062 and 0.2194.

Conclusion: It was concluded that the Andean grassland ecosystems are constituted by a complex community of grasslands based on numerous floristic families, genus, and species, likewise, the dominance of species among the shared sites characterizes the vegetation type, and the diversity index and the IVI determine the complex structural characteristics with great biodiversity.
Multivariate Analysis in Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for Yield and Attributing Traits under Soil Salinity and Alkalinity in Haryana
Authors: Phougat Divya , Saharan Rajender Parshad , Panwar Ishwar Singh , Verma Ajay , Choudhary Sheetal
Published: August 2023

Salt-affected soils could be used by improving and developing salt-tolerant genotypes depending upon the amount of genetic variation and salt stress response of adapted and donor sources of wheat. Salt stress affects 20% of global cultivable land and is increasing continuously owing to the change in climate and anthropogenic activities. Globally, saline soils cover 3.1% i.e. 397 mha of the total land area and around 6.74 mha area of India is affected due to salinity. Salinity stress negatively affects the growth and development of wheat leading to low grain yield and quality. A station varietal trial was conducted to identify salt-tolerant genotypes, wherein 24 genotypes including 4 checks, namely, KRL 19, WH 157, KRL 210 and KRL 283 were evaluated in 6 replications in 4.0 m x 1.20 m in RBD under natural saline patch (pH 8.5, ECe 4.2 dsm-1) at Research area of Wheat and Barley Section, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding and Department of Soil Science (pH 8.5, ECe 4.5 dsm-1), CCS HAU, Hisar during Rabi 2021-22. Observations were recorded for germination (%), days to heading, days to maturity, plant height (cm), tillers per meter row, 1000-grain weight (g), grain yield per plot (g/plot) and hectoliter weight (kg/hl). High positive correlation has been observed for 1000-GW (g) with GY/P (g/plot), PH (cm) with hectoliter weight (kg/hl). Non-significant correlation was observed between days to heading and germination with plant height and hectoliter weight. Clustering of genotypes based on Ward’s Euclidean method was done so that identical genotypes may grouped together; 24 genotypes were grouped into three distinct clusters. Hectolitre weight (kg/hl) expressed as point of dissection of studied traits as GY/P (g/plot), 1000-GW (g), DM and PH (cm) falls at one side and germination (%), DH and T/meter row lies at another side. Entries, namely, WH 1313 (59.6 q/ha), WH 1306 (54.9 q/ha) and WH 1309 (52.9 q/ha) performed better and found significantly superior to the best check WH 157 (43.5+8.2 q/ha) at Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding. P 13582 (61.6 q/ha), P 13650 (62.1 q/ha) performed better and found significantly superior to best check KRL 283 (46.4+13.7 q/ha) at Department of Soil Sciences. Identification of wheat genotypes based on simultaneous selection among contributing traits will improve grain yield. Stable and promising genotypes may be included in breeding program aimed to develop salt tolerant varieties at state and national level to ensure nutritional food security.
Assessment of Genetic Variability, Correlation and Path Analysis among Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Landraces Genotypes for Grain Yield Characters under Irrigated
Authors: Mandal Arpita , Lal Gabriyal M. , Lavanya G. Roopa
Published: August 2023

The current study's objective was to analyze the genetic variability components, correlations, and path analysis in 24 rice genotypes for 13 quantitative aspects, including Days to 50% Flowering, Days to Maturity, Flag Leaf Length (cm), Flag Leaf Width (cm), Plant Height (cm), Number of Total Tillers, Panicle Length (cm), Number of Spikelets per Panicle, Number of Panicles per Hill, Test Weight (g), Biological Yield per Hill (g), Harvest Index (percent), & Grain Yield per Hill (g) in Randomized Block Design with three replications in Kharif season of 2022 in experimentation field, Department of Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Uttar Pradesh. Analysis of Variance revealed that high significant differences among the genotypes of all traits. Genotypes SHUATS DHAN-6, SHUATS DHAN-2, SHUATS DHAN-3 and MTU 1281 depicted highest Grain Yield per Plant. All the characters had expressed high estimates of heritability. Grain Yield per Hill had the highest Heritability followed by Number of Spikelets per Panicle, Number of Total Tillers, Panicle Length, Plant Height and Flag Leaf Width. According to research on GCV and PCV, these qualities are highly variable and that the environment plays a part in how they manifest. The yield and yield-attributing characteristics were shown to be positively and significantly correlated at both the genotypic and phenotypic levels, with grain yield per plant per plant. In Phenotypic and Genotypic Path Analysis, a thorough examination of diagonal values revealed a favorable direct effect on Grain Yield.
Performance Evaluation of a Pump as Turbine in a Simplified Pico Hydropower System with Provision for Water Recycling
Authors: Edeoja Alex Okibe , Ipilakyaa Daniel Tertsegha , Udom Paul , Kuhe Aondoyila , Ibrahim Jacob S.
Published: August 2023

The performance of a pump used as a turbine (PAT) in a simplified Pico hydropower system with the provision for recycling water to an overhead reservoir (OHR) 7.2 m high was investigated. A vertical PVC pipe of diameter 0.0762 m reduced into four replaceable nozzles of diameters 0.0635, 0.0508, 0.0381 and 0.0254 m was used as penstock. A 1.5 Hp surface pump was used to lift water from an underground reservoir to the OHR and the PAT was coupled to a generator by a pulley and belt drive. The volume of water discharged was monitored for each nozzle diameter till the OHR was empty, and the voltage developed and current flowing through the load measured. The flow rate, shaft power, and efficiency of the PAT for the no-load tests and then including the electrical power for the on-load tests were computed. The highest and lowest efficiency of the system (0.694 and 0.497) corresponded to nozzle diameters of 0.0635 and 0.0254 m respectively, while the highest efficiencies for each nozzle diameter (0.684, 0.629, 0.550 and 0.497) were recorded for the highest respective flow rates for the no-load tests. For the on-load tests, the highest and lowest power developed (2.976 and 2.760 kW) were obtained for the largest and lowest nozzle diameters, with the highest power for each nozzle diameter corresponding to the highest respective flow rates. These results indicate the critical role played by the nozzle diameter in producing the torque required for power generation. This confirms the critical role of flow rate and available head for determining the site feasibility in conventional hydropower practice. Overall, the results show good potential for the system to be implemented as a clean, stand-alone, small power generation unit that will enhance end-user control.
Physio-Chemical Changes during Ethrel Treatment of Mango cv. Alphonso under Different Temperature Regimes
Authors: Ranjhani R. , Kavitha P. S. , Muthuvel I. , Kalarani M. K. , Shanmugasundaram K. A. , Gurusamy K.
Published: August 2023

Aim: Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is the second most consumed fruit which belongs to the family Anacardiaceae. Ripening in mango (climacteric fruit) is hastened by application of ethrel. The experiment was conducted to study the effect of different temperatures during ethrel treatment on shelf life and quality of mango cv. Alphonso.

Study Design: The experiment consisted of three treatments and seven replications laid out in Completely randomized design (CRD).

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at Department of Fruit Science, Horticulture College and research Institute, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during 2022-2023. 

Methodology: Mango cv. Alphonso was subjected to ethrel treatment in three different ripening chambers having different temperatures viz., T1 – silpaulin chamber (33°C), T2 – zero energy cool chamber (26°C), T3 – cold chamber (22°C) for a period of 24 hours. After ethylene treatment, the fruits were stored at ambient temperature to study the ripening behaviour. Shelf life and quality parameters were observed and recorded.                                                                  

Results: The days taken for ripening was lesser (6 days) and the rate of conversion of quality attributes were higher in fruits subjected to ethrel treatment in silpaulin chamber. The quality attributes like TSS (22°Brix), acidity (0.25 %), TSS : acid ratio (88) were significantly higher in fruits treated in silpaulin chamber on the day of ripening. The physiological loss in weight was found to be significantly lesser in fruits subjected to ethylene treatment in cold chamber (6.56 %) and were on par with fruits treated in zero energy cool chamber (6.71%) whereas the firmness and shelf life were found to be significantly higher in cold chamber treated fruits (2.35 N, 15 days respectively) but firmness was on par with fruits subjected to ethylene treatment in zero energy cool chamber (2.21 N) on ripening. The overall acceptability of fruits in sensory evaluations was significantly higher in fruits treated in zero energy cool chamber (8.3) which was on par with fruits treated in cold chamber (8.1).

Conclusion: The fruits treated in silpaulin chamber had better TSS, acidity and TSS: acid blend. The fruits treated in cold chamber were superior in shelf life and sensory score which was also on par with fruits treated in zero energy cool chamber. Hence zero energy cool chamber can be used as an alternative to cold chamber for ethrel treatment which would be cost effective, environment friendly and can be used by small traders and farmers.
Effect of Weed Management Practices on Growth and Yield of Zero-Till Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Varshini A. , Reddy G. Satyanarayana , Rajanikanth E. , Chaitanya A. Krishna
Published: August 2023

A field experiment to compare weed management practices on growth and yield of zero till chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) during rabi, 2022 at RARS, Jagtial, Telangana. Treatments include Pendimethalin 38.7 % CS @ 700 g a.i. ha-1 , Topramezone 33.6 % SC @ 20.6 g a.i. ha-1 , Quizalofop ethyl 7.5 % + Imazethapyr 15 % EC @ 100 g a.i. ha-1, T4- Propaquizafop 2.5 % + Imazethapyr 3.75 % (w/w) ME @ 125 g a.i. ha-1 , two hand weedings at 15 and 30 DAS , weed free (Season long) and Un-weeded (Check). Weed free treatment and hand weeded plots showed highest growth and yield attributing characters because of season-long weed-free conditions and better microclimate during critical period of crop respectively. Among different herbicides, Topramezone treated plot recorded higher growth parameters viz.; plant height (38.7 cm), dry matter accumulation (320.8 g m-2) and yield attributing characters viz.; total number of pods plant-1 (30.97), with seed yield (1397 kg ha-1), haulm yield (2518 kg ha-1) and harvest index (35.7 %). Post emergence herbicide topramezone can be effectively adopted for getting higher yield of chickpea in rice fallow zero tillage conditions.
Effect of Micrometeorological Parameters on Growth and Yield of Brinjal (Solanum melongena L.) under Different Planting Windows
Authors: Katkar M. G. , Kharbade S. B. , Wankhede S. Y. , Shaikh A. A. , Sthool V. A.
Published: August 2023

An experiment was carried out at Faculty of Agriculture Department of Agricultural Meteorology Farm, Centre for Advanced Agricultural Meteorology, College of Agriculture, Pune during Kharif seasons of 2014 and 2015.The experiment was laid out in split plot design with three replications. The treatment comprised of three brinjal hybrids viz.,V1:Phule Arjun, V2: Krishna, V3: Panchganaga as main plot and four planting windows viz., P1: 31st MW (30 July-5 August), P2: 32ndMW (6-12August), P3:33rdMW (13-19 August) and P4: 34thMW (20-26 August) as sub plot treatments.  In micrometeorological studies of the higher radiation absorptions and lower reflection was absorbed under hy. Phule Arjun as compared to hy. Krishana and hy Panchganga. The maximum Incident PAR (1270 u mol m-2s-1) Intercepted PAR (86.47u mol m-2s-1),Absorbed PAR (1094.4u mol m-2s-1) and Radiation use efficiency (2.43gmMJ m-2) was observed in hy .Phule Arjun. Cumulative GDD, HTU and PTU at the end of each growth stages showed that numerically higher requirement was observed in hy. Phule Arjun over hy. Krishana and hy. Panchganaga hybrids during both year 2014 and 2015 experimentation period. Whereas, the lowest canopy temperature was found in hy. Phule Arjun (29.0 0C) than rest of the brinjal hybrids. Canopy reflected PAR and transmitted PAR was higher in (191.54 and 188.62 µ mol m-2s-1) Panchganaga hybrids among the brinjal hybrids.
Effect of Different Host Plants on Biology of Tobacco Caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius)
Authors: Yadav Krishna , Saini Deependra Kumar , Dangi N. L.
Published: August 2023

The tobacco caterpillar, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) is present as an economically important and regular polyphagous pests in India and other countries. The knowledge of biology and ecology of an insect pests is a prerequisite for its management. An experiment was conducted on biology of Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) on different host plants in laboratory of the Department of Entomology, Rajasthan College of Agriculture, Maharana Pratap University of Agriculture and Technology, Udaipur, Rajasthan. The results revealed that the minimum and maximum incubation period of S. litura was 2.98 and 3.30 days recorded on castor and cauliflower, respectively. The minimum larval and pre pupal period was 12.96 and 1.00 days recorded on castor. The minimum and maximum pupal period were recorded on cotton (8.27 days) and cauliflower (6.44 days), respectively. The adult male and female moth survival maximum larvae reared on cauliflower 5.00 and 6.90 days whereas minimum on castor 3.95 and 6.00 days, respectively. The maximum percent adult emergence was recorded larvae reared on castor (87.50%) followed by cauliflower (85.00%) whereas minimum on cotton (67.50%). The maximum fecundity was recorded on castor (886.25) followed by soybean (870.00). The entire minimum life cycle was recorded on castor (29.05 days) whereas maximum on cotton (36.50days) followed by soybean (34.24 days). It was concluded that castor is best host plant for S. litura.
A Study on Analysis of Factors Responsible for Adoption and Non-adoption of Green Technologies in Rice Based Ecosystem
Authors: Deepika M. , Kungumaselvan T. , Raj N. Anitha
Published: August 2023

The present study was conducted in Trichy and Madurai district of Tamil Nadu. From each district two blocks were selected. Thus, the total sample size of 240 were selected for the present investigation. Nature of technology (RBQ = 89.29) was the foremost factor governing the adoption of green technologies in technology and cultivation factor, social recognition (RBQ= 75.46) was the primary factor in social factors. Premium price (RBQ=72.58) was the foremost marketing factor followed by subsidies and schemes (RBQ= 73.37) as the paramount economic factor governing the adoption and non-adoption of green technologies as perceived by the farmers. Improvement needs to be done in accessing information by farmers. Most of the farmers felt complexity in the use of agricultural invention. This could be rectified by participatory technology development approach where farmers also a part of technology development. The farmers need to be provided with the knowledge of market demand for the produce, which will help the farmers to get more income and wastage of the produce will also minimized.
Sustainable Management of Root- Knot Nematode (Meloidogyne javanica) on Brinjal
Authors: Choudhary Kavita , Bishnoi S. P. , Dhayal Raju , Chandrawat B. S. , Kulheri Anil , Gurjar Hemraj
Published: August 2023

Brinjal (Solanum melongena) is an important Solanaceae family vegetable, which is grown all around the world. It is affected by various fungal, bacterial, viral, nematode diseases but it is a major host for root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica. Hence, for effective management of root-knot nematode experiment was conducted in field condition using the culture filtrate (3gm/kg soil) of bio-agents (viz., Trichoderma viride, Trichoderma harzianum, Purpureocillium lilacinum, Pochonia chlamydosporia and Pseudomonas fluorescens). The findings of the experiments revealed that, when compared to the control, all of the tested bio-agents considerably improved plant development characteristics and decreased nematode populations. Among the tested bio-agents T. viride was found most effective treatment with improve plant growth characters as well as in reducing nematode population over other treatment in field condition.
Performance Assessment of Scented Field Roses in Open Field Cultivation: A Case Study in Coimbatore, India
Authors: Vaishnavi K. Leela , Lourdusamy D. Keisar , Chitra R. , Djanaguiraman M. , Maragatham S.
Published: August 2023

A field experiment to evaluate the performance of ten scented field roses in terms of growth and floral parameters under open field condition was carried out at Botanical Garden, Department of Floriculture and Landscape Architecture, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore during the year 2022-2023. Since there is a major lacuna in variety of scented field roses for cultivation in farmer’s field, the present study was undertaken to assess suitable variety for commercial cultivation under Coimbatore condition. The field experiment was carried out using Randomized Block Design (RBD) with ten treatments (Arka Sukanya, Arka Parimala, Bourbon rose type 1, Bourbon Rose type 2, Pusa Alpana, Rose Sherbet, Scent Pink, Damask rose type 1, Damask rose type 2, Andhra Red) and three replications. Results indicate a significance difference between the varieties for growth, flowering and yield characters. Experimental data revealed that the maximum plant height (68.92 cm), maximum number of shoots per plant (8.21), maximum leaves per plant (410.50), stem girth (6.28 cm), Highest chlorophyll content (58.1), Least number days for flower bud initiation (31.05), Diameter of fully opened flower (5.89 cm) and fresh flower weight (3.59 g) were seen in Bourbon rose type 1. Bourbon rose type 2 recorded maximum number of flowers per plant (41.12) and Andhra red rose recorded maximum number of petals per flower (94.89) among the evaluated varieties.
Nutrient Management for Growth, Yield and Quality of Strawberry (Fragariax ananassa) in Vertical Hydroponics System
Authors: Kumar Sumit , Mishra Saket
Published: August 2023

The present investigation was carried out to find out nutrient management for growth, yield attributes, yield and quality attributes of strawberry (Fragaria ananassa) under vertical hydroponics tower system in  Prayagraj. The experiment was conducted in a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with nine treatments and three replications during November-March (2022-23) at Experimental Farm of Department of Horticulture, Naini Agricultural Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh, India. The data were recorded from four randomly selected plants from each replication of the treatments for 14 characters. The 9 treatments comprising of different doses in combination of macro nutrients N:P:K , micro nutrients Zn: B: Fe and organic fertilizer sea weed extract  were  given in three different stages of the crop i.e., seedling  stage, vegetative growth stage and reproductive stage .  Naphthalene Acetic Acid (NAA) as plant growth regulator (PGR) was applied in reproductive stage of the crop at the time    of flowering for better fruit set. Aqueous solution of nutrients applied at seedling stage followed by vegetative growth  stage  and reproductive stage ,  treatment T7   comprising of  N- 7.5, 8.5 and 9.5 g/10 litres  of water at all three stages, respectively, P- 4.0, 5.0 and 6.0 g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively,  K- 2.5, 3.5 and 4.5 g/10 litres of water, at all three stages, respectively,  Zn- 0.25,0.35 and 0.45g/10 l of water at all three stages, respectively , B – 0.35, 0.45 and 0.55g/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively, Fe- 0.65,0.75 and 0.85 mg/10 litres of water at all three stages, respectively and organic fertilizer (see weed extract) @ 8 and 10 ml/ 10 litres of water at seedling and vegetative stages and NAA @ 300 ppm was applied at reproductive stage for fruit settings was the best and recorded maximum plant height (18.42cm),plant spread area (18.58cm2), number of leaves per plant (8.21), root length (16.03cm), leaf area (47.75cm2), number of flowers per plant (14.47), number of fruits per plant (14), yield  per treatment (1.451kg) with B: C ratio (1:2.72) and quality of the strawberry as  TSS (9.330brix), titratable acidity (1.33%) and ascorbic acid (60.45 mg/100g)  followed by T6 and T5.