bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Remission of chronic headache: Rates, potential predictors and the role of medication, follow-up results of the German Headache Consortium (GHC) Study
Authors: Henning Verena , Katsarava Zaza , Obermann Mark , Moebus Susanne , Schramm Sara
Published: March 2017

Objectives

To estimate remission rates of chronic headache (CH), focusing on potential predictors of headache remission and medication.

Methods

We used data from the longitudinal population-based German Headache Consortium (GHC) Study (n = 9,944, 18–65 years). Validated questionnaires were used at baseline (t0, 2003–2007, response rate: 55.2%), first follow-up after 1.87 ± 0.39 years (t1, 37.2%) and second follow-up after 3.26 ± 0.60 years (t2, 38.8%) to assess headache type and frequency, use of analgesics and anti-migraine drugs, medication overuse, education, BMI, smoking and alcohol consumption. CH was defined as ≥ 15 headache days/month at t0 over three months. Outcomes were: CH remission (<15 headache days/month at both follow-ups), CH persistence (≥ 15 headache days/month at both follow-ups); all others were considered as partially remitted. To estimate predictors of remission, univariate and multiple logistic regression were calculated.

Results

At baseline, 255 (2.6%) participants were identified with CH. Of these, 158 (62.0%) participants responded at both follow-ups. Remission was observed in 58.2% of participants, partial remission in 17.7% and persistence in 24.1%. Remission was associated with female sex (adjusted odds ratio: 3.10, 95% confidence interval: 1.06–9.08) and no medication overuse (4.16, 1.45–11.94) compared to participants with persistent CH; participants with higher headache frequency at t0 were less likely to remit (0.90, 0.84–0.97). Medication, age, education, BMI, smoking and drinking showed no effects on remission. Similar results were observed for partial remission.

Conclusion

The majority of CH participants remitted from CH. Female sex, no overuse of pain medication and lower headache frequency were associated with remission.
Does Perceived Safety Modify the Effectiveness of a Walking-Group Intervention Designed to Promote Physical Activity?
Authors: Kwarteng Jamila L. , Schulz Amy J. , Mentz Graciela B. , Israel Barbara A. , Shanks Trina R. , Perkins Denise White
Published: March 2017

Purpose:

To examine whether perceived safety modified the effectiveness of the Walk Your Heart to Health (WYHH) intervention in promoting physical activity and reducing central adiposity in predominantly non-Latino black (henceforth black) and Latino communities.

Design:

Generalized estimation equations were used to assess modifying effects of perceived safety on the route and perceived neighborhood safety on (1) WYHH participation at 8 weeks and 32 weeks, (2) associations between participation and physical activity, and (3) associations between physical activity and central adiposity.

Setting:

Community-based and faith-based organizations in black and Latino communities.

Participants:

There were 603 adults, aged 18 years and older, who were predominantly black, Latino, and female.

Measures:

Participation and physical activity (piezoelectric pedometer) were measured at each walking session. Perceived safety on the route (questionnaire), perceived neighborhood safety (questionnaire), and waist circumference were measured at baseline, 8 weeks, and 32 weeks.

Analysis:

Secondary analysis of repeated measures using generalized estimation equations.

Results:

Retention was 90% at 8 weeks and 64% at 32 weeks. Perceived safety on the route, but not perceived neighborhood safety, dampened participation at 8 weeks but not 32 weeks. Consistent participation in the intervention increased physical activity and reduced central adiposity irrespective of perceived safety on the walking route or perceived neighborhood safety.

Conclusion:

Efforts to improve safety in conjunction with interventions focused on increasing physical activity can work toward improving physical activity for blacks and Latinos, leading to a myriad of improved health outcomes including reduced central adiposity.
Influential factors’ correlation analysis upon common rail system fuel injection quantity for diesel engines
Authors: Bai Yun , Fan Liyun , Ma Xiuzhen , Song Enzhe , Peng Huaili
Published: March 2017

The coherence of the fuel injection quantity determines the working stability of the common rail system. The variations in the parameters of the common rail injector have significant influence on coherence of the fuel injection quantity of the system. The bond graphs for the main components of the common rail injector were proposed, respectively, based on the bond graph methodology in this article. The fuel injection quantities of the system at different rail pressures and injection pulse widths had been obtained by numerically solving and programming the obtained state equations in MATLAB. The predicted results of the fuel injection quantity by the model are in excellent agreement with the experimental measurements which were obtained from a test bench. Through the correlation analysis of the influential factors on the fuel injection quantity, the correlation coefficients between the fuel injection quantity and the single influential factor and quadratic influential factor at different rail pressures and injection pulse widths were obtained, respectively. Moreover, the variation characteristics of correlation between the fuel injection quantity and its influential factors had been analyzed in detail. The results show that the nozzle hole diameter and the inlet orifice diameter are the main influential factors on the fuel injection quantity among the selected parameters. The quadratic factors under the action of the parameter itself and the quadratic factors under the interaction between the delivery chamber diameter and nozzle hole diameter, needle seat semi-angle and needle cone semi-angle, nozzle hole diameter and inlet orifice diameter and inlet orifice diameter and outlet orifice diameter have significant effect on the fuel injection quantity, and they are the main influential factors on the fuel injection quantity among the quadratic factors.
Studying Abroad as a Sorting Criterion in the Recruitment Process: A Field Experiment Among German Employers
Authors: Petzold Knut
Published: March 2017

As the experience of studying abroad can signal general and transnational human capital, it is considered to be increasingly important for professional careers, particularly in the context of economies’ internationalization. However, studies using graduate surveys face problems of self-selection and studies on employers’ opinions face problems of social desirability. To overcome endogeneity problems and to investigate the employers’ decisions directly, a particular field experimental design of a correspondence test was applied. Two hundred thirty-one applications of a real student with systematically varied studying abroad and professional working experience were randomly sent out for true internship offers of German employers. The time provided for the response and invitations for job interviews was measured, and additional publicly available information on the employers were collected. Results show that studying abroad decreases the days required until response and slightly increases the probability of invitation. However, at least in this field experiment, studying abroad is considered to be more of a sorting criterion by the employers with foreign branches than by those without.
Uncertainty quantification techniques applied to rotating systems: A comparative study
Authors: Dourado AGS , Cavalini AA , Steffen V
Published: March 2017

The modeling of mechanical systems involves different parameters that are susceptible to uncertainties. Commonly, the variations result from the mathematical difficulty of representing the peculiarities of the dynamic systems and the lack of knowledge about the physical properties of the materials used in a given application. In this context, the analysis of uncertainties that affect the performance of the system is an important design issue. Uncertainty analysis of dynamic systems has been studied by applying techniques based on stochastic and fuzzy logic approaches. The fuzzy logic technique seems to be more appropriate when the stochastic process that characterizes the uncertainties is unknown. Therefore, in the present contribution, the inherent uncertainties affecting the performance of a horizontal rotating machine are modeled by using both stochastic and fuzzy logic-based analysis. These methodologies have been compared through numerical simulations in terms of the dynamic behavior of the system as represented by rotor orbits, unbalance responses, and frequency response functions. The proposed uncertainty analysis provides additional information that can be useful for design and maintenance purposes.
Māori University success: what helps and hinders qualification completion
Authors: Theodore Reremoana , Gollop Megan , Tustin Karen , Taylor Nicola , Kiro Cynthia , Taumoepeau Mele , Kokaua Jesse , Hunter Jackie , Poulton Richie
Published: March 2017

Māori (Indigenous New Zealand) university graduates are role models for educational success and are critical for the social and economic wellbeing of Māori whānau (extended family) and communities. In this study, Māori graduates ( N = 626) from all eight New Zealand universities participated in the Graduate Longitudinal Study New Zealand between July and December 2011. They were asked to describe factors that they found helpful or challenging to the completion of their qualifications. Graduates described a range of external (e.g. family), institutional (e.g. academic support), and student or personal (e.g. persistence) factors. Describing the experiences of Māori graduates can provide a blueprint for future indigenous success by building an evidence base of the factors that may promote indigenous higher educational achievement in New Zealand and internationally.
Assessing the Spatial Distribution of Rainfall and the Effect of Altitude in Iran (Hamadan Province)
Authors: Sadeghi Seyyed Hadi , Nouri Hamid , Faramarzi Mohammed
Published: March 2017

Atmospheric phenomena have an enormous influence on natural resources and human life. Lack of sufficient information and knowledge in regard to the management of natural areas and ecosystems will bring about a huge cost. Hamadan province according to the topography, geomorphology, and soil condition is known as a particular area. In this region, intense rains have brought about hillsides, runoffs, and floods annually destroying a large amount of foundations and eroding fertile soils. This study was conducted using rainfall average data from 35 synoptic stations and rain measurements between the years 1982 and 2012 (30 years). Geostatistical techniques are applied for zoning, such as kriging, co-kriging, inverse distance weighting (IDW), radial basis function, global polynomial interpolation, and local polynomial interpolation. For comparing and evaluating geostatistical methods, cross-validation and statistical parameters such as correlation coefficient and mean absolute relative error (MARE) were used. According to the results, it can be realized that simple co-kriging (exponential) technique with the highest correlation coefficient (.75) and the lowest MARE (.124) is the most appropriate geostatistical method to predict rainfall distribution. Also, it is realized that there is a correct correlation between the accuracy of co-kriging technique and elevation changes. However, IDW with power 5 is the least accurate technique.
Patients with limited communication in end-of-life situations: Initial psychometric properties of a discomfort observation scale
Authors: Soto-Rubio Ana Lucila , Tomás Miguel José Manuel , Pérez-Marín Marián , Barreto Martín Pilar
Published: March 2017

This work presents an observational scale which takes into account different observable indicators of discomfort of patients in end-of-life situations with difficulties in communicating due to cognitive impairment, fatigue or sedation and provides details of its validation. In all, 71 adults participated. Model fit was adequate ( χ2(27) = 43.28, p = .024, comparative fit index = .975, root mean square error of approximation = .092 and confidence interval 90% (.033–.140)). Alpha coefficient was .70 and composite reliability index was .90. Our study provides data regarding the properties of a discomfort assessment scale. Such a scale is needed and could be very useful for the evaluation of such patients and thus to attend to their needs.
Challenges of Takayasu Arteritis in Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Soo-Hoo Sarah , Seong Jenny , Porten Brandon R. , Skeik Nedaa
Published: March 2017

Takayasu arteritis is a rare, chronic vasculitis of unknown etiology characterized by inflammation of the aorta and its main branches. Although Takayasu arteritis mostly affects women of childbearing age, there is a paucity in the literature on pregnancy associated with Takayasu arteritis. Pregnant patients are at increased risk of cardiovascular complications, including hypertension and congestive heart failure, which may jeopardize both maternal and fetal outcomes. Furthermore, optimal management has not yet been established for pregnant patients with Takayasu arteritis, posing a clinical challenge. We present a case of a young woman with Takayasu arteritis whose symptoms and disease activity improved during 2 pregnancies. Although her first pregnancy was complicated with preeclampsia, gestational diabetes, and preterm vaginal delivery, her second pregnancy was uneventful. This case provides a rare glimpse of Takayasu arteritis in pregnancy and highlights the challenges of medical management in gravid patients.
An improved hierarchical genetic algorithm for collaborative optimization of manufacturing processes in metal structure manufacturing systems
Authors: Qi Dezhong , Zhang Sanqiang , Liu Mingyong , Lei Yakuo
Published: March 2017

The multi-objective optimization problem includes plate nesting, production planning, scheduling, and equipment capacity optimization in the complex manufacturing process of metal structures. For the best optimization results, a global collaborative optimization of the manufacturing system is necessary. A multi-objective optimization model for optimized nesting, optimized scheduling, dispatch optimizing, and equipment load balancing is constructed, and an improved hierarchical genetic algorithm is then developed for a better solution. A hierarchical structure of three chromosomes is designed in this algorithm. The algorithm can be used to simultaneously solve the layout selection, process sequencing, and machine selection problems. The algorithm shortens the production cycle, reduces the number of work in process, and improves equipment utilization through the application of collaborative optimization. The computational result and comparison prove that the presented approach is quite effective to address the considered problem.
Carceral horror: Punishment and control in Silent Hill
Authors: Steinmetz Kevin F
Published: March 2017

Prisons have become regular fixtures in late modern media. Despite this ubiquity, little research has been conducted examining representations of prisons and punishment within one of the most popular forms of contemporary entertainment media: video games. Drawing from cultural criminology and Gothic criminology, the current study examines punitive and carceral elements in the horror video game franchise of Silent Hill. Eight games within the series are analyzed through a combination of ethnographic content analysis and autoethnography to reveal two dominant themes evident throughout the series: retribution and confinement. As argued in this study, Silent Hill—like many horror productions—revels in ambiguity and expresses cultural anxieties stemming from the paradoxical vertiginous sentiments of insecurity amidst increasing securitization and prisonization of society and everyday life. Survival horror, including Silent Hill, is a product of both Japanese and American cultural formations. This analysis therefore argues that Silent Hill reveals an American-Japanese public imagination that clamors for respite from insecurity while also becoming horrified by the carceral apparatus it created.
Fatty-acid-binding protein inhibition produces analgesic effects through peripheral and central mechanisms
Authors: Peng Xiaoxue , Studholme Keith , Kanjiya Martha P , Luk Jennifer , Bogdan Diane , Elmes Matthew W , Carbonetti Gregory , Tong Simon , Gary Teng Yu-Han , Rizzo Robert C , Li Huilin , Deutsch Dale G , Ojima Iwao , Rebecchi Mario J , Puopolo Michelino , Kaczocha Martin
Published: March 2017

Background

Fatty-acid-binding proteins (FABPs) are intracellular carriers for endocannabinoids, N-acylethanolamines, and related lipids. Previous work indicates that systemically administered FABP5 inhibitors produce analgesia in models of inflammatory pain. It is currently not known whether FABP inhibitors exert their effects through peripheral or central mechanisms. Here, we examined FABP5 distribution in dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord and examined the analgesic effects of peripherally and centrally administered FABP5 inhibitors.

Results

Immunofluorescence revealed robust expression of FABP5 in lumbar dorsal root ganglia. FABP5 was distributed in peptidergic calcitonin gene-related peptide-expressing dorsal root ganglia and non-peptidergic isolectin B4-expressing dorsal root ganglia. In addition, the majority of dorsal root ganglia expressing FABP5 also expressed transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) and peripherin, a marker of nociceptive fibers. Intraplantar administration of FABP5 inhibitors reduced thermal and mechanical hyperalgesia in the complete Freund’s adjuvant model of chronic inflammatory pain. In contrast to its robust expression in dorsal root ganglia, FABP5 was sparsely distributed in the lumbar spinal cord and intrathecal administration of FABP inhibitor did not confer analgesic effects. Administration of FABP inhibitor via the intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) route reduced thermal hyperalgesia. Antagonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha blocked the analgesic effects of peripherally and i.c.v. administered FABP inhibitor while antagonism of cannabinoid receptor 1 blocked the effects of peripheral FABP inhibition and a TRPV1 antagonist blocked the effects of i.c.v. administered inhibitor. Although FABP5 and TRPV1 were co-expressed in the periaqueductal gray region of the brain, which is known to modulate pain, knockdown of FABP5 in the periaqueductal gray using adeno-associated viruses and pharmacological FABP5 inhibition did not produce analgesic effects.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates that FABP5 is highly expressed in nociceptive dorsal root ganglia neurons and FABP inhibitors exert peripheral and supraspinal analgesic effects. This indicates that peripherally restricted FABP inhibitors may serve as a new class of analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
L’analyse de contribution pour évaluer l’impact de la démarche ÉIS sur les processus décisionnels municipaux : un choix méthodologique intéressant ?
Authors: Nour Kareen , Lafontaine Mariève M. , Brousselle Astrid , Smits Pernelle , Buregeya Jean-Marie , Loslier Julie , Denis Jean-Louis
Published: March 2017

La pertinence de l’évaluation d’impact sur la santé (ÉIS) pour promouvoir le développement de politiques publiques favorables à la santé au sein des municipalités est de plus en plus reconnue. L’appréciation des effets d’une démarche d’ÉIS sur les processus décisionnels d’acteurs municipaux peut toutefois être difficile en raison de la multitude d’influences sociales, économiques, géographiques et personnelles auxquels ils sont soumis. Dans un tel contexte, l’approche évaluative de l’analyse de contribution (AC) s’avère particulièrement intéressante puisqu’elle permet de documenter les facteurs menant à l’efficacité d’une intervention en tenant compte des éléments du contexte. Elle aide l’évaluateur à comprendre comment et pourquoi une intervention fonctionne. Le présent article utilise l’étude de cas pour explorer la faisabilité et l’efficacité de l’AC pour apprécier les effets de démarches d’ÉIS sur le processus décisionnel d’acteurs municipaux. Il décrit les stratégies de collecte et d’analyse de données utilisées auprès de trois municipalités de la Montérégie, au Québec. Cette analyse critique montre que l’AC est pertinente dans le contexte décrit. Elle permet d’établir des associations claires et transparentes entre l’intervention, soit la démarche d’ÉIS, et l’importance accordée à la santé par les acteurs municipaux. Elle assure la prise en compte des facteurs d’influence contextuels et offre la flexibilité nécessaire pour adapter la collecte de données à la réalité du terrain. Néanmoins, la lourdeur de l’approche peut en contraindre l’application et certaines limites méthodologiques ont été observées au niveau de l’analyse des données. Les stratégies mises de l’avant pour y remédier sont décrites.
Representaciones sociales sobre la problemática de Chagas en un servicio de salud comunitaria del Gran La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
Authors: Sanmartino Mariana , Amieva Carolina , Medone Paula
Published: March 2017

Hablar de Chagas es hablar de una problemática compleja, definida por elementos de carácter biomédico, epidemiológico, sociocultural y político, que se conjugan dinámicamente. En este trabajo buscamos identificar y analizar las representaciones sobre Chagas de los integrantes del equipo de salud de un centro de atención periurbano de la ciudad de La Plata, Argentina. Mediante un abordaje cualitativo, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas y se analizaron las respuestas con la técnica del análisis de contenido. Los resultados mostraron que la mayor parte de las personas entrevistadas no contempla al Chagas como una problemática en su contexto laboral cotidiano y manifiestan un fuerte sesgo biologicista en su formación profesional. Con este trabajo señalamos la urgente necesidad de reflexionar críticamente en torno a la formación de los profesionales de la salud en relación a problemáticas socioambientales complejas de importancia regional, como lo es el Chagas.
Fostering the future of health promotion as seen through the ‘Message from Youth Delegates on Health Promotion and Sustainable Development’
Authors: Rodgers Sara
Published: March 2017

The World Health Organization 9th Global Conference on Health Promotion presented us with the Shanghai Declaration for promoting health in the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. At the same time, the participants of the conference symposium, ‘How can youth become future leaders in delivering on the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development?’ produced the ‘Message from Youth Delegates on Health Promotion and Sustainable Development’ as its complement. This ‘Message from Youth Delegates’ outlined pledges of young leaders in health promotion and proposed the necessary steps to ensure the future of health promotion includes more meaningful participation by young people. In order to fulfil the newest promises of the Shanghai Declaration and the past promises of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion, we must think to close the divides between generations of health promoters and move forward on actions designed to develop the best possible future leaders for the field of global health. (Global Health Promotion, 2017; 24(1): 62–65)
High sensitivity cardiac troponins: Can they help in diagnosing myocardial ischaemia?
Authors: Orsini Enrico , Caravelli Paolo , Dini Frank Lloyd , Marzilli Mario
Published: March 2017

Background:

Cardiac troponin is the most sensitive marker of myocardial injury, but controversy still exists about its role in detecting ischaemia.

Methods:

To investigate the role of troponin as a marker of stress-induced ischaemia, circulating high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) was measured and compared with the MB fraction of creatine kinase (CK-MB) in 125 patients undergoing a stress test (53 electrocardiogram/echo exercise, 42 echo dipyridamole and 30 echo dobutamine tests).

Results:

Plasma concentrations of hs-cTnT increased after the tests in 90/125 patients, while an increase of CK-MB was seen in 31/125 patients ( p<0.0001). Overall, hs-cTnT significantly increased from 17.5±16.9 ng/l to 25.5±27.9 ng/l ( p<0.0001), without significant changes of CK-MB. Significant increments in hs-cTnT were documented after exercise test (from 15.9±11.9 ng/l to 19.5±13.6 ng/l, p<0.0001) and dobutamine test (from 20.6±20.8 ng/l to 37.8±31.1 ng/l, p=0.0006), in absence of changes in CK-MB according to each stressor. Among the 125 tests, 84 were diagnosed as negative and 41 as positive for myocardial ischaemia. Significant increments in hs-cTnT were detected after both negative (from 18.6±19.2 ng/l to 27.1±32.1 ng/l, p=0.0018) and positive test (from 15.2±10.8 ng/l to 22.3±16.2 ng/l, p=0.0005), without significant changes of CK-MB according to the test result. Despite a positive correlation between stress-induced increase of hs-cTnT and obstructive coronary artery disease, the release of troponin was observed also in a significant proportion of patients without coronary stenoses. Left ventricular hypertrophy markedly enhanced myocardial release of troponin.

Conclusions:

Circulating troponin increases in most patients undergoing a stress test, irrespective of the test result and of coronary artery disease. Plasma release of troponin depends on multiple pathogenetic mechanisms, making the biomarker a not reliable tool in detecting transient ischaemia.
Meaning-Making in Emerging Adults’ Narratives About the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election
Authors: Marin Kelly A.
Published: March 2017

The study aimed to explore narratives of the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election to describe the ways emerging adults constructed the meaning of the self when narrating what the historical event meant. Using life story theory, place, power, and voice from feminist theory and a model of individual development that connects self to history, I argue that the historical election provided emerging adults with a socioculturally mediated context to construct the meaning of the self in the world. The narrative analysis revealed that the meaning emerging adults constructed reflected developmental processes such as individuating from parents and connecting to a collective identity as well as developing a political consciousness. Also, some emerging adults constructed personal meaning by positioning the self in relation to master narratives about breaking racial barriers and voting privileges. The findings extend and compliment current understanding of meaning-making construction within sociocultural and historical contexts as well as the formation of political interests.
Current Concepts in the Diagnosis and Management of Traumatic, Anterior Glenohumeral Subluxations
Authors: Gil Joseph A. , DeFroda Steven , Owens Brett D.
Published: March 2017

Traumatic anterior glenohumeral subluxations comprise the majority of glenohumeral instability events and are endemic in young athletes. Unlike the definitive complete dislocation event, subluxation events may often be more subtle in presentation and, therefore, may be overlooked by clinicians. Glenohumeral subluxation events are associated with a high rate of labral tears as well as humeral head defects. While less is known of the natural history of these injuries, young athletes are at risk for recurrent instability events if not properly diagnosed and treated. While reports of surgical treatment outcomes isolated to subluxation events are limited, arthroscopic and open Bankart repair have been shown to result in excellent outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to review the etiology and pathoanatomy of traumatic anterior glenohumeral subluxations as well as to review the appropriate evaluation and management of patients with this injury.
Mizoroki–Heck Cross-Coupling Reaction of Haloarenes Mediated by a Well-Controlled Modified Polyacrylamide Brush Grafted Silica/Pd Nanoparticle System
Authors: Ghasemi Soheila , Karim Saiede
Published: March 2017

Modified polyacrylamide brushes including phosphinite functionality grafted onto silica supported Pd nanoparticles were synthesized via RAFT polymerization technique in a controlled manner with elucidated graft density and chain length. Proper activity of the catalyst was indicated in the Mizoroki–Heck coupling reaction of various haloarenes with olefins. Different aryl iodides with electron rich and electron deficient substituent and also ortho and heterocyclic substrate showed good reactivity to generate the corresponding coupled products in good to excellent yields using low Pd loading. The turnover number (TON) for this catalyst can be reduced up to 9.5 × 103. Simple filtration, appropriate reusability and negligible palladium leaching of this catalyst are among other advantages.
An open and transparent process to select ELIXIR Node Services as implemented by ELIXIR-UK
Authors: Hancock John M. , Game Alf , Ponting Chris P. , Goble Carole A.
Published: March 2017

ELIXIR is the European infrastructure established specifically for the sharing and sustainability of life science data. To provide up-to-date resources and services, ELIXIR needs to undergo a continuous process of refreshing the services provided by its national Nodes. Here we present the approach taken by ELIXIR-UK to address the advice by the ELIXIR Scientific Advisory Board that Nodes need to develop “mechanisms to ensure that each Node continues to be representative of the Bioinformatics efforts within the country”. ELIXIR-UK put in place an open and transparent process to identify potential ELIXIR resources within the UK during late 2015 and early to mid-2016. Areas of strategic strength were identified and Expressions of Interest in these priority areas were requested from the UK community. Criteria were established, in discussion with the ELIXIR Hub, and prospective ELIXIR-UK resources were assessed by an independent committee set up by the Node for this purpose. Of 19 resources considered, 14 were judged to be immediately ready to be included in the UK ELIXIR Node’s portfolio. A further five were placed on the Node’s roadmap for future consideration for inclusion. ELIXIR-UK expects to repeat this process regularly to ensure its portfolio continues to reflect its community’s strengths.
Managerial Compensation in Multidivision Firms
Authors: Alok Shashwat , Gopalan Radhakrishnan
Published: March 2017

Using hand-collected data on division manager (DM) pay contracts, we document that DM pay is related to the performance of both the DM’s division and the other divisions in the firm. There is substantial heterogeneity in DM pay for performance. DM pay for division performance is lower in industries with less informative accounting earnings. DM pay is more sensitive to other-division performance if the DM’s division is related to the rest of the firm, if the DM’s division has fewer growth opportunities, and if the DM’s division receives less capital from the rest of the firm. Consistent with optimal contracting view, DMs receive greater pay for other-division performance in better-governed firms. Overall, our evidence suggests that DM compensation is structured to account for the information and agency problems in multidivision firms.

The Internet appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2016.2672 .

This paper was accepted by Amit Seru, finance.
Adaptive Routing and Recharging Policies for Electric Vehicles
Authors: Sweda Timothy M. , Dolinskaya Irina S. , Klabjan Diego
Published: March 2017

Planning a trip with an electric vehicle requires consideration of both battery dynamics and the availability of charging infrastructure. Recharging costs for an electric vehicle, which increase as the battery’s charge level increases, are fundamentally different than refueling costs for conventional vehicles, which do not depend on the amount of fuel already in the tank. Furthermore, the viability of any route requiring recharging is sensitive to the availability of charging stations along the way. In this paper, we study the problem of finding an optimal adaptive routing and recharging policy for an electric vehicle in a network. Each node in the network represents a charging station and has an associated probability of being available at any point in time or occupied by another vehicle. We develop efficient algorithms for finding an optimal a priori routing and recharging policy and then present solution approaches to an adaptive problem that build on a priori policy. We present two heuristic methods for finding adaptive policies—one with adaptive recharging decisions only and another with both adaptive routing and recharging decisions. We then further enhance our solution approaches to a special case of the grid network. We conduct numerical experiments to demonstrate the empirical performance of our solutions and provide insights to our findings.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/trsc.2016.0724 .
A positive environment
Authors: Sedgwick Jodie
Published: March 2017

Jodie Sedgwick is head dental nurse at the {my}dentist Halifax practice. She shares her day…
Whistleblowing – your rights
Authors: Buxton Sarah
Published: March 2017

Sarah Buxton clarifies the law in respect of agency workers
Thumb sucking – a dental perspective
Authors: Mowla-Copley Runa
Published: March 2017

Meet the dentist whose career has been moulded by digits
How does diabetes affect oral health?
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: March 2017

Julie Bissett looks at those sufferers who present with their own set of clinical challenges
Disinfecting dental impressions
Authors: Mitchell Darren
Published: March 2017

Uncertainty about impression disinfection poses potential risks to the health of both dental practitioners and the receiving dental technicians. Darren Mitchell explains
Hand hygiene – best practice
Authors: Sullivan Mike
Published: March 2017

As every dental nurse knows, even simple contact such as shaking hands or touching a patient's face can result in bacteria and viruses being picked up and spread. Healthcare-associated infections affect patient safety, increase healthcare costs and take up valuable time – good hand hygiene is the first line of defence, says Mike Sullivan
Bleaching – is it my role? Should I be involved?
Authors: Collier Andrew
Published: March 2017

Teeth whitening – the opportunities, problems and pitfalls by Andrew Collier
7 things to look out for in dentistry in 2017
Authors: Carter Nigel
Published: March 2017

Dr Nigel Carter of the Oral Health Foundation looks ahead to the coming months for the dental professional
Seizing the right opportunities
Authors: Boon Lizzie
Published: March 2017

Dental nurse Lizzie Boon is a Quality Assurance Auditor for the National Examining Board of Dental Nurses (NEBDN). She walks us through her career in dental nursing
Cleaning and disinfection of dental practice surfaces
Authors: Sandle Tim
Published: March 2017

The choice of disinfectant, the delivery format of the disinfectant and the cleaning technique all need to be taken into consideration. Dr Tim Sandle considers your options
On the move
Authors: Cash Charlotte
Published: March 2017

A look at how to safely and efficiently transport contaminated and sterilised instruments
How to boost your emotional quotient
Authors: Hancock Dave
Published: March 2017

You may have the IQ but do you have the EQ to be a great dental nurse? Dave Hancock explains
Surface cleaning and disinfection
Authors: Cash Charlotte
Published: March 2017

Surface cleaning and disinfection is critical for effective infection control measures in the dental surgery. Charlotte Cash talks us through the protocols
Dental anxiety, fear and phobia
Authors: MacLeavy Christine
Published: March 2017

As a dental therapist, with many years of clinical experience, managing the anxious and phobic patient has become a major part of Christine Maclevy's work. Here, in the first of two articles, she shares some insights
Maximising your development – with photography
Authors: Wander Phil
Published: March 2017

Phil Wander looks at how dental nurses can be included in the taking and making of high-quality clinical photographs – in assisting the clinician as well as taking digital photographs independently
Freedom of Expression, Right to Information, Personal Data and the Internet in the view of the Inter-American System of Human Rights
Authors: Toscano Silvia Susana
Published: March 2017

The Inter-American System of Protection of Human Rights is composed of microsystems, like the freedom of expression, the right to information and the protection of privacy and of personal data, among others. These rights interrelate and form the standards of the Inter-American system, in accordance with the UN system, to develop these liberties, and to keep the constant balance of these rights in conflict. All of this enhanced by a dynamic and growing massiveness, like the internet and by a new paradigm in which the freedom of expression and the right to information is included: a postmodern society characterized by a “democratization” of connectivity, a multidirectional transmission of the information and a dichotomy between what is public or private. Freedom of expression is developed in both of its two dimensions: individual or collective. When we talk about its individual dimension, we mean the right of each person to express his ideas, thoughts and beliefs aiming at unidirectional, bidirectional or multidirectional communication. The collective or social dimension refers to the right of a person to receive any type of information, to know the thoughts, ideas and information of others and have free access to them. Both dimensions are equally important and are interdependent, thus it is important to protect them simultaneously. New communication technologies have altered the previous system, and the individual dimension of freedom of expression breaks into public debate on the democratization of internet access and its social dimension due to the feasibility a multidirectional communication impossible to conceive in any other technological paradigm entails. The protection scheme of freedom of expression of the Inter-American System is particularly strong as it specifically prohibits prior censorship and rules sanctions and very strict restrictions in relation to discrimination, advocacy of war, violence and hatred. This characteristic enriches the analysis of content regulation and the responsibility of internet intermediaries whenever honour, reputation and privacy are impaired. The applied standards and statements that nourish in the American Convention on Human Rights guarantee the reasonableness, appropriateness and proportionality of any measure assuring freedom of expression and human dignity.
Perbedaan Perilaku Anak Prasekolah Berdasarkan Pola Pengasuhan
Authors: Situmorang Tri Sondang , Nurnaningsih Nurnaningsih , Sutomo Retno
Published: March 2017

Latar belakang. Perkembangan anak, termasuk perkembangan perilaku dan psikologis, merupakan hal penting yang harus menjadi perhatian bagi orang tua; karena akan memengaruhi masa depan anak. Dasar-dasar pembentukan kepribadian dan perilaku ditentukan oleh apa yang dialami serta dihayati dalam 5-6 tahun pertama. Pola asuh merupakan proses di dalam keluarga yang merupakan interaksi orang tua dan anak. Pola asuh orang tua diyakini memengaruhi perilaku anak. Tujuan. Menilai perbedaan proporsi kejadian gangguan perilaku anak usia prasekolah berdasar perbedaan pola pengasuhan orang tua.Metode. Penelitian observasional analitis dengan desain cross sectional di Yogyakarta antara Maret-April 2014. Pola asuh orang tua dan perilaku anak masing-masing dinilai dengan the parenting scale dan strengths and difficulties questionnaire (SDQ). Kriteria inklusi ialah anak usia prasekolah usia 3-6 tahun dan orang tua setuju ikut penelitian. Subjek dieksklusi bila pengisian perangkat penelitian dinilai tidak lengkap. Perbedaan proporsi gangguan perilaku antara pola asuh demokratis dan non-demokratis dianalisis dengan uji chi square.Hasil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kedua pola asuh berhubungan dengan kejadian gejala emosional (p=0,00), kejadian menimbulkan masalah (p=0,01), kejadian hiperaktif (p=0,00), masalah anak dengan sebaya (p=0,00)dan antara pola asuh orang tua dengan total kejadian gangguan perilaku anak (p=0,00). Kesimpulan. Pola pengasuhan yang berbeda akan menghasilkan perilaku yang berbeda pula.
The effect of global financial crisis on the perfor-mance of Nigerian stock exchange
Authors: Ijeoma Ngozi
Published: March 2017

This study assessed the effect of the Global Financial Crisis on the Nigerian Stock market from 2004 to 2013. The objectives of the study include to ascertain the effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the market capitalization of the Nigerian Stock Exchange, to examine the effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the volume and value of shares traded on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange, and to determine the effects of the Global Financial Crisis on the number of listed companies on the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Secondary source of data collection from the Nigerian Stock Exchange was employed. The statistical tools used in this study is the Kruskal-Wallis test. The result of the analysis found that global financial crisis has no significant effect on market capitalization in the Nigerian Stock Exchange. It was equally found that global financial crisis has no significant effect upon the value of shares traded on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. Findings of the study revealed that there exist no significant relationship between the Global Financial Crisis, and the volume of shares traded on the floor of the Nigerian Stock Exchange. In addition, it was found that there exist no significant relationship between the Global Financial Crisis and number of listed companies in the Nigerian Stock Exchange.
Analysis of the relations between allergen specific LgG antibody and allergic dermatosis of 14 kinds foods
Authors: Yin’e Hu , Shufang Dai , Bin Wang , Wei Qu , Junling Gao , Aqeel Ashraf Muhammad
Published: March 2017

To use food-specific IgG antibody detection to explore its application in the allergy dermatoses. 181 patients were included from January 2014 to September 2014. Fourteen food-specific IgG antibodies were detected by ELISA. The positive rates of IgG antibody of the patient group and the healthy group were significantly different. The positive rates of IgG antibody of egg, milk, shrimp and crab took a large proportion in three groups of patients with three kinds of allergy dermatoses of urticaria, eczema and allergic dermatitis, the proportion of which was respectively 70.2%, 77.8% and 71.7%. There was mild and moderate intolerance of food in the allergic dermatitis group while there was no distribution difference of food intolerance in urticaria group and eczema group. Among urticaria and allergic dermatitis patients with positive antibody, the positive rate of children was significantly higher than that of adults while there was no significant difference between children and adults among eczema patients with positive antibody. Allergy dermatoses are closely related to food-specific IgG antibody and the allergy dermatoses patients have a high incidence rate of food intolerance; detecting IgG antibody in patients is of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of allergy dermatoses.
Artifacts reduction in strain maps of tagged magnetic resonance imaging using harmonic phase
Authors: Wang Daolei , Fu YaBo , Aqeel Ashraf Muhammad
Published: March 2017

Tagged Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive technique for examining myocardial function and deformation. Tagged MRI can also be used in quasistatic MR elastography to acquire strain maps of other biological soft tissues. Harmonic phase (HARP) provides automatic and rapid analysis of tagged MR images for the quantification and visualization of myocardial strain. We propose a new artifact reduction method in strain maps. Image intensity of the DC component is estimated and subtracted from spatial modulation of magnetization (SPAMM) tagged MR images. DC peak interference in harmonic phase extraction is greatly reduced after DC component subtraction. The proposed method is validated using both simulated and MR acquired tagged images. Strain maps are obtained with better accuracy and smoothness after DC component subtraction.
Study on correlation between bone marrow edema, stage of necrosis and area ratio of necrosis with the hip pain grading in nontraumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head
Authors: Jianchuan Wang , Lei Yang , Benjie Wang , Dewei Zhao
Published: March 2017

The objective of this study was to explore the correlation between bone marrow edema, stage of necrosis, and area ratio of necrosis with the hip pain grading in non-traumatic osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Bone marrow edema grading at all levels and the hip pain grade differences were statistically significant (P < 0.001). Bone marrow edema grading increased by levels of 0, 1, and 2, whereas average pain rating increased as well to 40.73, 104.66 and 143.49. I ~ III period stage of necrosis and the hip pain grade difference was statistically significant (P < 0.001), with the average grade progress pain stage by the death of a rank gradually increased, I period, II period, III period was 57.00, 88.58 and 120.62, respectively. Area ratio of necrosis between 0 ~ 3 were positively correlated with pain, compared the two was statistically significant (P < 0.001), and with the degree of pathological changes is aggravating, increase the average rank of levels of pain. 0, 1, 2 and 3 are 36.88, 98.03, 123.87 and 151.93 respectively. We can choose the treatment method and evaluate treatment effect by considering a patients’ degree of bone marrow edema, stage of necrosis and area ratio of necrosis.
Study of the Correlation between the Level of CRP and Chemerin of Serum and the Occurrence and Development of DN
Authors: Wang Yunqian , Wang Min , Chen Baoping , Shi Jun
Published: March 2017

The aim of the study was to find the correlation between CRP and chemerin in development of DN. We choose 90 type-2 diabetic patients between February 2010 and February 2013, who were then divided into DN group and healthy control group. The results of BP showed that there is no difference in SBP and DBP of patients in the three groups. HDL-C of patients in diabetic group and DN group is lower compared with control. CRP in diabetic group and DN group is higher than that of patients in control group. Comparing the patients in DN group with that in diabeteic group, CRP was significantly higher. Chemerin level in the diabetic group and DN group is higher than control group. When comparing the patients in DN group with those in diabeteic group, serum level of chemerin was significantly higher. Serum level of chemerin is negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with FPG, HbA1c, LDL-C, BUN and Scr. Serum CRP is negatively correlated with HDL-C and positively correlated with FPG, HbA1c, LDL-C, BUN and Scr. Serum level of chemerin is positively correlated with CRP (r=0.701, P<0.05). CRP and chemerin of the DN patients rose significantly, and may participate in the occurrence and development of DN.
Quaternary ammonium salt of chitosan: preparation and antimicrobial property for paper
Authors: Liu Pengtao , Meng Weisheng , Wang Shuai , Sun Yonghui , Aqeel Ashraf Muhammad
Published: March 2017

A series of 2-hydroxypropyltrimethyl ammonium chloride chitosan (HACC) was prepared by the reaction of chitosan with glycidyl trimethyl ammonium chloride. Structure of HACC was characterized by FT IR and 1H NMR spectroscopies, and it was proved that substitution reaction mainly occurs on the N element. Antimicrobial activities of HACC was examined against S. aureus, E. coli, and A. niger. Results indicatd that the inhibitory effects of HACC solutions were varied with HACC concentration, quaternization degrees, pH values, metal ions, and heat treatment. The antimicrobial properties of handsheets prepared from HACC were studied by the inhibition zone method, and the sheets had good antimicrobial properties against S. aureus and E. coli, and low inhibition rate against A. niger.