bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bioreactor-Based Tumor Tissue Engineering
Authors: Guller A. E. , Grebenyuk P. N. , Shekhter A. B. , Zvyagin A. V. , Deyev S. M.
Published: May 2019

This review focuses on modeling of cancer tumors using tissue engineering technology. Tumor tissue engineering (TTE) is a new method of three-dimensional (3D) simulation of malignant neoplasms. Design and development of complex tissue engineering constructs (TECs) that include cancer cells, cell-bearing scaffolds acting as the extracellular matrix, and other components of the tumor microenvironment is at the core of this approach. Although TECs can be transplanted into laboratory animals, the specific aim of TTE is the most realistic reproduction and long-term maintenance of the simulated tumor properties in vitro for cancer biology research and for the development of new methods of diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms. Successful implementation of this challenging idea depends on bioreactor technology, which will enable optimization of culture conditions and control of tumor TECs development. In this review, we analyze the most popular bioreactor types in TTE and the emerging applications.
Epigenetics of Ancient DNA
Authors: Zhenilo S. V. , Sokolov A. S. , Prokhortchou E. B.
Published: May 2019

Initially, the study of DNA isolated from ancient specimens had been based on the analysis of the primary nucleotide sequence. This approach has allowed researchers to study the evolutionary changes that occur in different populations and determine the influence of the environment on genetic selection. However, the improvement of methodological approaches to genome-wide analysis has opened up new possibilities in the search for the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the regulation of gene expression. It was discovered recently that the methylation status of the regulatory elements of the HOXD cluster and MEIS1 gene changed during human evolution. Epigenetic changes in these genes played a key role in the evolution of the limbs of modern humans. Recent works have demonstrated that it is possible to determine the transcriptional activity of genes in ancient DNA samples by combining information on DNA methylation and the DNAaseI hypersensitive sequences located at the transcription start sites of genes. In the nearest future, if a preserved fossils brain is found, it will be possible to identify the evolutionary changes in the higher nervous system associated with epigenetic differences.
Evolution of Tumor Clones in Adult Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
Authors: Smirnova S. Yu. , Sidorova Yu. V. , Ryzhikova N. V. , Sychevskaya K. A. , Parovichnikova E. N. , Sudarikov A. B.
Published: May 2019

Clonal instability of a tumor cell population in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may complicate the monitoring of a minimal residual disease (MRD) by means of patient-specific targets identified at the disease onset. Most of the data concerning the possible instability of rearranged clonal TCR and IG genes during disease recurrence were obtained for ALL in children. The appropriate features of adult ALL, which are known to differ from those of childhood ALL in certain biological characteristics and prognosis, remain insufficiently studied. The aim of this study was to assess the stability of IG and TCR gene rearrangements in adult ALL. Rearrangements were identified according to the BIOMED-2 protocol (PCR followed by fragment analysis). Mismatch in clonal rearrangements at onset and relapse was identified in 83% of patients, indicating clonal instability during treatment. Clonal evolution and diversity of IG and TCR gene rearrangements may be one of the tumor progression mechanisms. New rearrangements may emerge due to residual VDJ-recombinase activity in tumor cells. Also, many clonal IG and TCR gene rearrangements may be present at different levels at a diagnosis, but less abundant clones may be invisible due to limited detection sensitivity. Later, major clones may disappear in the course of chemotherapy, while others may proliferate. Investigation of clonal evolution and heterogeneity in ALL and their impact on the treatment efficacy will contribute to the identification of new prognostic factors and the development of therapeutic approaches.
Synthetic Fluorophores for Visualizing Biomolecules in Living Systems
Authors: Martynov V. I. , Pakhomov A. A. , Popova N. V. , Deyev I. E. , Petrenko A. G.
Published: May 2019

The last decade has witnessed significant advance in the imaging of living systems using fluorescent markers. This progress has been primarily associated with the discovery of different spectral variants of fluorescent proteins. However, the fluorescent protein technology has its own limitations and, in some cases, the use of low-molecular-weight fluorophores is preferable. In this review, we describe the arsenal of synthetic fluorescent tools that are currently in researchers hands and span virtually the entire spectrum, from the UV to visible and, further, to the near-infrared region. An overview of recent advances in site-directed introduction of synthetic fluorophores into target cellular objects is provided. Application of these fluorescent probes to the solution of a wide range of biological problems, in particular, to the determination of local ion concentrations and pH in living systems, is discussed.
GMOs in Russia: Research, Society and Legislation
Authors: Korobko I. V. , Georgiev P. G. , Skryabin K. G. , Kirpichnikov M. P.
Published: May 2019

Russian legislation lags behind the rapid developments witnessed in genetic engineering. Only a scientifically based and well-substantiated policy on the place of organisms that are created with the use of genetic engineering technologies and an assessment of the risks associated with them could guarantee that the breakthroughs achieved in modern genetic engineering technologies are effectively put to use in the real economy. A lack of demand for such breakthroughs in the practical field will lead to stagnation in scientific research and to a loss of expertise.
Downregulation of Purkinje Cell Activity by Modulators of Small Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channels In Rat Cerebellum
Authors: Karelina T. V. , Stepanenko Yu. D. , Abushik P. A. , Sibarov D. A. , Antonov S. M.
Published: May 2019

Small-conductance calcium-activated potassium channels (SK channels) are widely expressed in CNS tissues. Their functions, however, have not been well studied. Participation of SK channels in Purkinje cell (PC) pacemaker activity has been studied predominantly in vitro. Here we studied for the first time the effects of SK channel activation by NS309 or CyPPA on the PC simple spike frequency in vivo in adult (3 - 6 months) and aged (22 - 28 months) rats using extracellular microelectrode recordings. Both pharmacological agents caused a statistically significant decrease in the PC simple spike frequency. The maximum value of the decrease in the simple spike frequency did not depend on age, whereas a statistically significant inhibition of the spike frequency was achieved faster in aged animals than in adult ones. In experiments on cultured neurons PCs were identified by the expression of calbindin as the PC-specific marker. Registration of transmembrane currents in cerebellar neurons revealed the direct action of NS309 and CyPPA on the SK channels of PC consisted in the enhancement of outward potassium currents and action potential after-hyperpolarization. Thus, SK channel activators can compensate for age-related changes of the autorhythmic functions of the cerebellum.
Antiretroviral Activity Of a Novel Pyrimidyl-Di(Diazaspiroalkane) Derivative
Authors: Novoselova E. A. , Riabova O. B. , Leneva I. A. , Nesterenko V. G. , Bolgarin R. N. , Makarov V. A.
Published: May 2019

A novel compound, 3,3-(5-nitropyrimidine-4,6-diyl)bis-3,12-diaza-6,9-diazoniadispiro[5.2.5.2]hexadecane tetrachloride dihydrochloride, was synthesized. The compound was found to inhibit the replication of various viral families by blocking specific heparan sulfate receptors on the host cells surface. In experiments, the compound was found to be highly effective against several strains of HIV retroviruses.
Proteomics for the Investigation of Mycobacteria
Authors: Bespyatykh Ju. A. , Shitikov E. A. , Ilina E. N.
Published: May 2019

The physiology of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of tuberculosis, is being studied with intensity. However, despite the genomic and transcriptomic data available today, the pathogenic potential of these bacteria remains poorly understood. Therefore, proteomic approaches seem relevant in studying mycobacteria. This review covers the main stages in the proteomic analysis methods used to study mycobacteria. The main achievements in the area of M. tuberculosis proteomics are described in general. Special attention is paid to the proteomic features of the Beijing family, which is widespread in Russia. Considering that the proteome is a set of all the proteins in the cell, post-translational modifications of mycobacterium proteins are also described.
Cholesterol in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s Diseases and Autism: Link to Synaptic Dysfunction
Authors: Petrov A. M. , Kasimov M. R. , Zefirov A. L.
Published: May 2019

In our previous review, we described brain cholesterol metabolism in control conditions and in the case of some rare neurological pathologies linked to defects in the genes which are directly involved in the synthesis and/or traffic of cholesterol. Here, we have analyzed disruptions in cholesterol homeostasis in widespread neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimers and Parkinsons diseases) and autism spectrum disorders. We particularly focused on the synaptic dysfunctions that could arise from changes in both membrane cholesterol availability and oxysterol production. Notably, alterations in the brain cholesterol metabolism and neurotransmission occur in the early stages of these pathologies and the polymorphism of the genes associated with cholesterol homeostasis and synaptic communication affects the risk of onset and severity of these diseases. In addition, pharmacological and genetic manipulations of brain cholesterol homeostasis in animal models frequently have marked effects on the progression of neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, the development of Alzheimers, Parkinsons and autism spectrum disorders may be partially associated with an imbalance of cholesterol homeostasis that leads to changes in the membrane cholesterol and oxysterol levels that, in turn, modulates key steps in the synaptic transmission.
Building a Full-Atom Model of L,Dtranspeptidase 2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis for Screening New Inhibitors
Authors: Baldin S. M. , Misiura N. M. , Švedas V. K.
Published: May 2019

L,D-transpeptidase 2 from Mycobacterium tuberculosis plays a key role in the formation of the cell wall of a pathogen and catalyzes the cross-linking of growing peptidoglycan chains by non-classical 3-3 bonds, which causes resistance to a broad spectrum of penicillins. Molecular modeling of enzyme interactions with the N- and C-terminal tetrapeptide fragments of growing peptidoglycan chains has been performed for the first time and has allowed us to highlight the peculiarities of their binding at the formation of 3-3 cross-linkages, as well as to build a full-atom model of L,D-transpeptidase 2 for the screening and optimizing of inhibitors structures.
Prolyl-glycyl-proline (PGP) Peptide Prevents an Increase in Vascular Permeability in Inflammation
Authors: Bondarenko N. S. , Shneiderman A. N. , Guseva A. A. , Umarova B. A.
Published: May 2019

This study was aimed at investigating the effect of prolyl-glycyl-proline (PGP) tripeptide on vascular permeability in rats with an inflammation. It was found that the peptide reduces the rat paw edema induced by a subcutaneous administration of histamine to the same extent as the conventional anti-inflammatory agent diclofenac. However, an assessment of the relative expression level of the cox-2 gene at the inflammation focus using real-time PCR showed that, in contrast to diclofenac, PGP does not affect the cox-2 gene expression. This is indicative of the fact that they have different mechanisms of action. We used the model of acute peritonitis induced by an intraperitoneal injection of thioglycolate to demonstrate that the inflammatory response of an organism is accompanied by increased vascular permeability in the tissues of the stomach and small intestine. Pre-administration (30 minutes before the induction of the inflammation) of PGP prevented this increase, whereby the level of vascular permeability, exudate volume in the peritoneal cavity, and the amount of the Evans Blue dye in this exudate remained at the control level. Therefore, these results suggest that the anti-inflammatory action of PGP is based on its ability to prevent an increase in vascular permeability.
Engineering Chimeric Antigen Receptors
Authors: Kulemzin S. V. , Kuznetsova V. V. , Mamonkin M. , Taranin A. V. , Gorchakov А. A.
Published: May 2019

Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are recombinant protein molecules that redirect cytotoxic lymphocytes toward malignant and other target cells. The high feasibility of manufacturing CAR-modified lymphocytes for the therapy of cancer has spurred the development and optimization of new CAR T cells directed against a broad range of target antigens. In this review, we describe the main structural and functional elements constituting a CAR, discuss the roles of these elements in modulating the anti-tumor activity of CAR T cells, and highlight alternative approaches to CAR engineering.
Voltage-Dependent Interaction of Capsaicine and Protons on TRPV1-Receptors
Authors: Tsvetkov E. A. , Potaрieva N. N. , Bolshakov K. V.
Published: May 2019

The interaction of TRPV1-receptors agonists (capsaicin and protons) has been studied on cultured CHO cells transfected by TRPV1-receptors. Using the whole-cell patch-clamp approach, it was shown that summation of the currents induced by agonist application was dependent on the membrane potential. The TRPV1-mediated currents induced by the pH and Capsaicin demonstrated arithmetical summation at potentials between 40--40 mV, while they were potentiated at potentials below -40 mV. Currents induced by the pH and Capsaicin combined were higher in comparison with the arithmetic sum of the currents induced by the pH and Capsaicin applied separately at such potentials. Such a potential dependence seems to be a base of the sensitization that is induced by inflammation or pain, when concentrations of proinflammatory mediators acting as TRPV1 agonists are increasing. Further depolarization induced by TRPV1 activation doesnt generate potentiation, which might serve as a protective mechanism to restrict their activity.
Mapping the D.melanogaster En1A Enhancer Modules Responsible for Transcription Activation and LongDistance Enhancer-Promoter Interactions
Authors: Melnikova L. S. , Pomerantseva Е. A. , Molodina V. V. , Georgiev P. G.
Published: May 2019

The structure of the new enhancer En1A of the 1A region of the X chromosome of D. melanogaster was investigated. Two distinct regulatory elements were found. The first element is responsible for transcription activation, and the second element provides specific interaction with the promoter of the yellow gene. The findings support the hypothesis of a modular structure for enhancers, including certain sequences that bind transcription activators and special communication elements providing long-distance enhancer-promoter interaction.
Glutamyl Endopeptidases: The Puzzle of Substrate Specificity
Authors: Demidyuk I. V. , Chukhontseva K. N. , Kostrov S. V.
Published: May 2019

Glutamyl endopeptidases (GEPases) are chymotrypsin-like enzymes that preferentially cleave the peptide bonds of the -carboxyl groups of glutamic acid. Despite the many years of research, the structural determinants underlying the strong substrate specificity of GEPases still remain unclear. In this review, data concerning the molecular mechanisms that determine the substrate preference of GEPases is generalized. In addition, the biological functions of and modern trends in the research into these enzymes are outlined.
C2H2 Zinc Finger Proteins: The Largest but Poorly Explored Family of Higher Eukaryotic Transcription Factors
Authors: Fedotova A. A. , Bonchuk A. N. , Mogila V. A. , Georgiev P. G.
Published: May 2019

The emergence of whole-genome assays has initiated numerous genome-wide studies of transcription factor localizations at genomic regulatory elements (enhancers, promoters, silencers, and insulators), as well as facilitated the uncovering of some of the key principles of chromosomal organization. However, the proteins involved in the formation and maintenance of the chromosomal architecture and the organization of regulatory domains remain insufficiently studied. This review attempts to collate the available data on the abundant but still poorly understood family of proteins with clusters of the C2H2 zinc finger domains. One of the best known proteins of this family is a well conserved protein known as CTCF, which plays a key role in the establishment of the chromosomal architecture in vertebrates. The distinctive features of C2H2 zinc finger proteins include strong and specific binding to a long and unique DNA recognition target sequence and rapid expansion within various animal taxa during evolution. The reviewed data support a proposed model according to which many of the C2H2 proteins have functions that are similar to those of the CTCF in the organization of the chromatin architecture.
Comparing New-Generation Candidate Vaccines against Human Orthopoxvirus Infections
Authors: Maksyutov R. A. , Yakubitskyi S. N. , Kolosova I. V. , Shchelkunov S. N.
Published: May 2019

The lack of immunity to the variola virus in the population, increasingly more frequent cases of human orthopoxvirus infection, and increased risk of the use of the variola virus (VARV) as a bioterrorism agent call for the development of modern, safe vaccines against orthopoxvirus infections. We previously developed a polyvalent DNA vaccine based on five VARV antigens and an attenuated variant of the vaccinia virus (VACV) with targeted deletion of six genes (VAC6). Independent experiments demonstrated that triple immunization with a DNA vaccine and double immunization with VAC6 provide protection to mice against a lethal dose (10 LD50) of the ectromelia virus (ECTV), which is highly pathogenic for mice. The present work was aimed at comparing the immunity to smallpox generated by various immunization protocols using the DNA vaccine and VAC6. It has been established that immunization of mice with a polyvalent DNA vaccine, followed by boosting with recombinant VAC6, as well as double immunization with VAC6, induces production of VACV-neutralizing antibodies and provides protection to mice against a 150 LD50 dose of ECTV. The proposed immunization protocols can be used to develop safe vaccination strategies against smallpox and other human orthopoxvirus infections.
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar Matematika dan Respon Siswa Melalui Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe STAD dengan Metode Penemuan Terbimbing
Authors: Rhamayanti Yuni
Published: May 2019

This study was conducted on junior high school students with the aim to improve the learning outcomes of mathematics, student activities, and student responses through the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model with guided discovery method. This type of research is Classroom Action Research, ie research done by teachers in their own class with planned, systematic to improve the quality of classroom learning practice. The subjects of this study are students of class VII SMP Negeri Padangsidimpuan Lesson Year 2017-2018, selected is a class VII-2 with the number of students 31 people. While the object of this study is the application of the STAD type cooperative learning model with a guided discovery method to improve results and student learning activities that are not good math and need to be improved. The research instrument in this research will use test and non-test technique. The conclusion that can be drawn from this research is 1) the increase of mathematics learning outcomes through the application of STAD type cooperative learning model with guided discovery method of 0.65 with medium criteria, 2) Increased student learning activity through the application of STAD type cooperative learning model with guided discovery method equal to 0.46 with medium criterion, 3) also increase student response to STAD type cooperative learning with guided discovery method. The improvement of teachers' ability to manage the learning is 0.78 with high criteria.
Pengembangan Android Apps Berbasis Discovery Learning Untuk Meningkatkan Pemahaman Konsep Matematis Siswa Kelas VII
Authors: Ariyanto Lilik , Aditya Derisna , Dwijayanti Ida
Published: May 2019

Lack of innovative learning media that is interesting, practical and easy to use in learning such as listening to lesson modules or seeing powerpoint shows used by teachers, thus causing learning to be ineffective, unattractive, and slow to understand, this results in a lack of understanding of mathematical concepts. Because of this, researchers are trying to develop an interesting and interactive learning media. This type of research is development research that aims to produce learning media on Android-based discovery learning apps that are feasible to use and to improve understanding of mathematical concepts of seventh-grade students. The method used is the ADDIE method. Which consists of 5 stages, namely Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation. Data analysis was carried out by normality, homogeneity, n-gain test, and right-sided t test. The results of this study can be concluded that (1) the results of the percentage of media expert validation amounted to 80.26%, material experts 86.36% and student response responses of 87.16% with the criteria of each very good. (2) the results of the n-gain test obtained that there is an increase in understanding of mathematical concepts of students who use learning media on Android-based discovery learning applications. (3) data from the field shows that student learning outcomes that obtain learning media android apps based on discovery learning are better than students who use conventional learning
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA Menggunakan Kombinasi Media Grafis Jenis Bagan dan Media Video
Authors: Bulkani Bulkani , Franatha Edy
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan peningkatan aktivitas belajar IPA peserta didik pada penggunaan kombinasi media grafis jenis bagan proses dan media video. (2) mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik menggunakan kombinasi media grafis jenis bagan proses dan media video. Subjek penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas V SD Negeri 5 Pahandut Palangka Raya. Metode penelitian yang di gunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) ada peningkatan aktivitas belajar peserta didik dengan menggunakan kombinasi media grafis jenis bagan proses dan media video, dan (2) ada peningkatan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik setelah menggunakan kombinasi media grafis jenis bagan proses dan media video, pada siklus I nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh yaitu 75,86 dengan kriteria keberhasilan cukup tercapai dan pada siklus II nilai rata-rata yang diperoleh 93,25 dengan kriteria tingkat keberhasilan pembelajaran sangat tercapai.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ipa dengan Menggunakan Media Berbasis Visual
Authors: Supardi Supardi , Nurlatifah Nurlatifah
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mendeskripsikan aktivitas peserta didik selama proses pembelajaran IPA dengan media berbasis visual, (2) mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan media berbasis visual. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK). Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah peserta didik kelas III SD Negeri 9 Langkai Palangka Raya tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) terjadi peningkatan hasil belajar yang lebih baik setelah menggunakan media audio visual, dan (2) peningkatan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik setelah menggunakan media berbasis visual dibuktikan dengan hasil ratarata siklus I yaitu 69,16 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 50%, meningkat menjadi 87,72 dengan persentase ketuntasan klasikal 100% pada siklus II
Peningkatan Kompetensi Merancang Web dengan Menggunakan Pembelajaran Berbasis Proyek
Authors: Putra Chandra Anugrah
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian tindakan (action research). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan pembelajarand engan menggunakan pembelajaran berbasis proyek dalam kompetensi merancang web mahasiswa. Pada pembelajaran berbasis proyek programming language, mahasiswa akan dapat menganalisis, bereksperimen, serta menciptakan atau merancang sebuah web yang baik, dan tentu akan dapat melayani apa pun permintaan pelanggan yang ingin memesan proyek web dalam dunia pekerjaan. Mahasiswa juga akan menjadi lulusan yang berkualitas apabila terlibat dalam perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang web (web developer), karena mereka akan dapat melayani permintaan permbuatan web dengan sangat baik dari pelanggan (client) yang sangat beraneka ragam . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pemahaman HTML mahasiswa dari base line awal sebesar 38%,ke siklus 3 sebesar 84%; (2) Analisis proyek mahasiswa dari base line awal sebesar 18%, ke siklus 3 sebesar 78%;(3) perancangan web mahasiswa dari base line awal sebesar 31%, ke siklus 3 sebesar 80%.
Perbedaan Metode Inkuiri dengan Metode Demonstrasi Terhadap Hasil Belajar IPA
Authors: Setiawan Muhammad Andi , Trisnawatie Iin
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perbedaan hasil belajar IPA yang menggunakan metode inkuiri dengan metode demonstrasi di Kelas IV SDN-4 Pahandut Palangka Raya Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas IV SDN-4 Pahandut Palangka Raya yang berjumlah 42 orang, karena sampel kurang dari 100 orang maka semua anggota populasi dijadikan sampel untuk pengumpulan data peneliti menggunakan teknik tes awal dan tes akhir (pre test dan post test), sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan uji t. Hasil analisis data penelitian ini menunjukkan, bahwa untuk sampel penelitian pada kelas IVa (Eksperimen I) yang berjumlah 21 peserta didik diperoleh, rata-rata ( = 83,33, selanjutnya diperoleh hasil perhitungan untuk sampel penelitian pada kelas IVb (Eksperimen II) yang berjumlah 21 peserta didik dengan nilai rata-rata = 74,52. Hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan metode inkuiri dan metode demonstrasi di kelas IV ternyata nilai t hitung = 2,841 lebih besar dari t tabel = 2,021 berarti ada perbedaan hasil belajar IPA yang menggunakan metode inkuiri dengan metode demonstrasi di Kelas IV SDN- 4 Pahandut Palangka Raya Tahun Pelajaran 2012/2013.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA melalui Penerapan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia Peserta Didik
Authors: Permadi Ade Salahuddin , Saini Muchlis
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan :(1) Untuk mendeskripsikan aktivitas belajar peserta didik kelas Vb MI Darul Ulum Palangka Raya dalam pembelajaran IPA tentang pesawat sederhana dengan penerapan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia. (2) Untuk mendeskripsikan hasil belajar IPA peserta didik apakah ada peningkatan saat menerapkan media pembelajaran berbasis multimedia. Metode yang digunakan peneliti adalah menggunakan rancangan Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) yang berusaha memecahkan atau menjawab permasalahan yang dihadapi sekarang. Yang menjadi subyeknya dalam penelitian ini peserta didik kelas Vb MI Darul Ulum Palangkara Raya sebanyak 31 orang. Untuk teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah tes, observasi, dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan rata-rata dan persentase. Dari hasil penelitian disimpulkan bahwa (1) Aktivitas belajar peserta didik kelas Vb MI Darul Ulum Palangka Raya lebih aktif pada saat pembelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) dengan menggunakan Media Multimedia pada siklus I mencapai 2,95 dikategorikan cukup dan siklus II mencapai 3,75 dikategorikan baik. (2) Ada peningkatan hasil belajar IPA dengan Penerapan media Pembelajaran Berbasis Multimedia pada peserta didik kelas Vb MI Darul Ulum Palangka Raya. Hal ini terlihat dari data hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus I mencapai 83,87% dan pada siklus II meningkat menjadi 100%. Adapun standar ketuntasan yang ditentukan sekolah untuk pelajaran Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) yaitu 60.
Penerapan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan dan Hasil Belajar Menulis pada Peserta Didik
Authors: Supriyadi Arif , Milah Milah
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui aktivitas kemampuan dan hasil belajar Bahasa Indonesia peserta didik menggunakan Pendekatan Konstruktivisme tahun pelajaran 2014/2015. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK). Instrumen yang digunakan berupa observasi dan tes. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas V SDN 1 Mandomai. Nilai aktivitas peserta didik pada siklus I mencapai angka 2,64 dalam kategori cukup baik dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi 4 amat baik. Sedangkan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar peserta didik pada siklus I mencapai nilai rata-rata 40 dalam keterangan tidak tuntas dan mengalami peningkatan pada siklus II menjadi nilai rata-rata 86,5 dalam keterangan tuntas. Pada siklus I ke siklus II meningkat 46,5 % atau sebesar 45%.
Penerapan Model Pembelajaran Peta Pikiran (Mind Mapping) untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPA pada Peserta Didik
Authors: Ramli Muhamad , Astriani Astriani
Published: May 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk : (1) mengetahui aktivitas peserta didik pada saat pembelajaran IPA dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran peta pikiran (Mind Mapping), (2) mengetahui peningkatan hasil belajar IPA dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran peta pikiran (Mind Mapping). Penelitian ini dilakukan pada minggu ke-4 bulan Mei 2014 yang berlokasi di MIS Hidayatul Insan, Jl Sulawesi no 67 Palangka Raya. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Penelitian Tindakan Kelas ( PTK ) dengan subjek penelitian seluruh peserta didik kelas IV MIS Hidayatul Insan Palangka Raya yang berjumlah 36 peserta didik. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan tes dan observasi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis data kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Indikator keberhasilan dalam penelitian ini adalah apabila ketuntasan aktivitas belajar peserta didik secara klasikal mencapai skor minimal 3, hasil belajar dengan kriteria ketuntasan minimal 60 dengan ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal mencapai nilai minimal 85%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa : (1) penggunaan model pembelajaran peta pikiran ( mind mapping ) dapat meningkatkan aktivitas peserta didik yang ditunjukkan dengan perolehan skor hasil pengamatan di atas 3, (2) pengunaan model pembelajaran peta pikiran ( mind mapping ) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar peserta didik yang ditunjukkan dengan perolehan nilai rata-rata 60,69 pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 74,3 pada siklus II. Ketuntasan belajar secara klasikal juga mengalami peningkatan dengan nilai 63% pada siklus I meningkat menjadi 88% pada siklus II.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik dengan Menggunakan Model Mind Mapping (Peta Pikiran) dan Bantuan Media Audio Visual pada Mata Pelajaran IPA di Kelas III SDN 3 Langkai Palangkaraya
Authors: Majid Rizki Handayani , Ramli Muhamad
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the increase in learning outcomes and learning activities of Class III SDN 3 Langkai Palangkaraya students in science learning by applying the Mind Mapping Model and assisted by audiovisual media. The type of research used in the research is class action research (CAR) which seeks to solve or answer the problems faced in the current situation. The subject of this study amounted to 24 male students 13 and women 11. Data collection techniques used were observation and tests. Techniques for analyzing qualitative and quantitative data. The results of the study concluded that the learning activities of students in science learning by applying the Mind Mapping model and assisted by Audio Visual media of class III students in SDN-3 began to obtain an average score of 77.91 with good criteria. The pre-test results with an average value of 54.79 with classical completeness (8.33%) and the results of the first cycle obtained an average score of 77.91 with classical completeness (83.33%). Cycle II obtained an average value of 85 with classical completeness (100%).
Peningkatan Hasil Belajar IPS dengan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Team Games Tournament Berbantuan Media Visual Pada Kelas VII-5 SMP Muhammadiyah Palangka Raya
Authors: Chusniati Sapti , Najihi Aidin
Published: May 2019

This study aims to find out: How learning activities and improving student learning outcomes by using the Team Games Tournament Cooperative learning model (TGT) Assisted by Visual Media in class VII-5 of Palangka Raya Muhammadiyah Middle School. This research is classroom action research (CAR). The number of research subjects was 23 students. The results of this study are: There is an increase in student learning activities, namely the score of learning activities of students in the second cycle there are 21 students who get a score of 00 3.00 and 2 students who get a score of 00 3.00 with an average score of 33, 36, so that the learning activities of students in the second cycle have been said to be good or have achieved indicators of success. learning outcomes of Social Sciences (IPS) when Pre Test obtained an average value of 39.34 with completeness in classical 4.34%. In the post-test, the first cycle obtained an average value of 53.47% with completeness in classical 30.43%. And the post-test cycle II increased with an average value of 81.30 with completeness in classical 91.30%.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi dengan Menggunakan Media Audio Visual Pada Peserta Didik Kelas XI MA Miftahul Jannah Palangka Raya
Authors: Trisnawati Trisnawati , Setiawan Muhammad Andi
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the Improvement of Learning Outcomes and Learning Activities of Class XI students of Madrasah Aliyah Miftahul Jannah Palangakaraya using audiovisual media. The type of research used in this study is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The instruments of data collection in this study were observation and tests. While the data analysis techniques in this study used the classical and individual completeness percentage formula. The results of the study: (1) Learner Activities Learning Madrasah Aliyah class XI Miftahul Jannah Palangkaraya at the time of economic learning using audiovisual media is more active, (2) There is an increase in learning outcomes of students of class XI Economics Madrasah Aliyah Miftahul Jannah Palangkaraya after using Audio-Visual Media.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS dengan Menggunakan Model PAIKEM berbantuan Media Power Point pada Peserta Didik Kelas VIII-8 SMP Negeri 1 Palangka Raya
Authors: Khairunnisa Khairunnisa , Putra Chandra Anugrah
Published: May 2019

This study aims to determine the increase in social studies learning outcomes and learning activities of students by applying the PAIKEM Model assisted by Media PowerPoint. The method used in this study was to use the Classroom Action Research (CAR) design. The subjects in this study amounted to 38 students, for data collection techniques used were observation and tests. This study uses qualitative and quantitative data analysis. The results of the study show that the activity is good and learning outcomes increase. This can be seen in the first cycle of student learning activities obtained 3.19 with good categories while in the second cycle obtained 3.78 with good categories. Increased learning outcomes in the first cycle of the average value of students are 70 with classical completeness 60.52% and in the second cycle, the average value of students is 84 with classical completeness to 89.47%. It can be concluded that there is an increase in learning outcomes using the PAIKEM model assisted by Media PowerPoint.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Bahasa Indonesia dengan Model Modeling The Way Berbantuan Media Audio Visual pada SDN 5 Telangkah Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Prestini Prestini , Diplan Diplan
Published: May 2019

This study aims to improve learning outcomes and describe the activities of students in learning Indonesian with the Modeling Model of The Way Unified Audio Visual Media. The method used in this study is a class action. The subjects in this study were all Vb grade students of SDN 5 Telangkah which numbered 35. The results of the study showed that the activities of students became good and learning outcomes increased. This can be seen from the increase in activity, enthusiasm, and enthusiasm of students in participating in the learning process with an average value of 3.37 in the good category. The increase in Indonesian language learning outcomes seen from the initial test averages 61 with classical completeness 37.14% and experienced an increase in the first cycle with the acquisition of indigo scores of 87 students with 91.42% classical completeness in Indonesian subjects especially in drama discipline material.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPS dengan Menggunakan Metode Pembelajaran Practice Rehearsal Pairs Berbantu Media Audio Visual Pada Peserta Didik Kelas IV SDN-1 Kasongan Lama Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Tarki Muhammad , Suniati Suniati
Published: May 2019

This study aims to: (1) find out the learning activities of students in social studies learning especially in the economy of a society with the method of determining possible pairs assisted by audio-visual media in fourth-grade students of the Kasongan Lama Elementary School. (2) To find out whether or not there is an increase in social studies learning outcomes on the economic aspects of the community with the method of practice rehearsal pairs assisted by audio-visual media in fourth-grade students of the Kasongan Lama Elementary School. This study uses the class action research method (CAR).
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ekonomi Menggunakan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Jigsaw dengan Media Power Point pada Kelas X IPS-2 di SMA Negeri 2 Katingan Hilir Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Ningsih Sinthya , Najihi Aidin
Published: May 2019

This study aims to 1) find out how the learning activities of students in the following learning using the Jigsaw Cooperative Learning Model with PowerPoint Media, 2) To determine whether there is an increase in economic learning outcomes in the subject matter of the market and market prices. After using the Jigsaw Type Cooperative Learning model with Media PowerPoint on students of class X IPS-2 Katingan Hilir 2 High School. This type of research is Class Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this study were students of class X IPS-2 in Katingan Hilir Lesson 2 High School 2016/2017 in the amount of 30 students. Data analysis is used in research qualitatively and quantitatively. Based on the results of the study, 1) Economic learning activities using the Jigsaw type learning model with powerpoint media in Katingan Hilir 2 High School. The operation of students in segment 1 obtained an average score of 3.18 into the category of being right. While in cycle two there is an improvement to be better, with an average rating of 3.91 good classes. 2) there is an economic improvement in learning outcomes with material on market issues and market prices by using the jigsaw cooperative learning model with powerpoint media in the X IPS-2 class of Katingan Hilir Public High School 2016/2017 academic year. This can be seen from the learning outcomes of students' data in the pre-action process of the pre-test period, getting an average value of 61 with classical mastery of 20.00% with criteria not reached, cycle 1 getting an average score of 69.5 with traditional knowledge, 67% with no tests achieved, and in the post-test 2 cycle the average rating was 81 with 100% classical mastery with the criteria fulfilled.
Upaya Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam (IPA) dengan Menerapkan Model Inquiry Training Berbantuan Media Audio Visual pada Kelas IV SDN 1 Narahan Tahun Pelajaran 2016/2017
Authors: Hayati Sri Kartika , Diplan Diplan
Published: May 2019

This study aims to: (1) Describe the activities of students in learning Natural Sciences (IPA) by applying the Inquiry Training model assisted by Audiovisual media in class IV students of SDN 1 Narahan 2016/2017 Academic Year, (2) Improving learning outcomes in Science Nature (IPA) fourth grade students of SDN 1 Narahan by applying the Inquiry Training learning model assisted by Audiovisual media. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research (CAR). Subjects in this study were all fourth-grade students of SDN 1 Narahan, totalling 14 students with a composition of 10 men and four women. Data collection techniques based on qualitative and quantitative in this study used a written test at the end of the learning process. The results showed that by applying the Inquiry Training learning model assisted with Audiovisual media (1) Activities of students in learning Natural Sciences (IPA) applying the Inquiry Training model supported by audiovisual media material Changes in the Physical Environment of the Earth in class IV SDN 1 Narahan Academic Year 2016/2017 is good. This can be seen from the assessment of observations by observers, namely, in the first cycle, the activities of students get an average score of 3.10 with a good category while in the second cycle the movement of students increases with an average rating of 3.80 and functional groups. (2) There is an increase in the learning outcomes of Natural Sciences (IPA) by applying the Inquiry Training learning model assisted by Audiovisual media in class IV students of SDN 1 Narahan in the 2016/2017 Academic Year. This can be seen in the Pre Test with an average value of 50 with a percentage of classical completeness of 14.28%, experiencing an increase in the first cycle with an average value of 65 with a portion of the artistic integrity of 64.28%. The results achieved by students in the second cycle for the average class value increased more than the previous period with an average value of 85 with a percentage of 100% classical completeness.
Anti-inflammatory Activity of Pharmaceutical Gel of Ethanolic Extract from Marine Sponge Xestospongia Sp
Authors: Zubaydah Wa Ode Sitti , Wahyuni Wahyuni , Sahidin Sahidin , Halik Tian Amalia , Andriani Rina , Indalifiany Astrid , Fristiohady Adryan
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to determine the characteristics of the gel formula based on it�s organoleptic properties, pH, viscosity, dispersion and homogenity by stability test carried out using the cycling test method and to determine the anti-inflammatory activity of the Xestospongia Sp. in male white mice (Mus musculus) by creating an artificial edema on the mice left foot induced by 1% ?-carrageenan. The gel formula from the ethanol extract of Xestospongia Sp. sponge was physically stable in terms of its organoleptic observation, homogenity, pH and viscosity test. However, the results that were obtained after dispersion test did not fulfill the requirements. In this study, the gel formula of the ethanol extract of Xestospongia Sp. sponge was administered on the mice left foot by using the variations in extract concentration of 0.02%, 0.03%, and 0.04%, and the gel without extract as a negative control and Galtaren�gel (1% Diclofenac Sodium) as a positive control. The evaluated data were in the form of mice leg edema volume measured based on its percent of inflammation and percent of inflammatory inhibition and observed for 360 minutes. The data were analyzed by using the Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Mann-Whitney test with a confidence level of 95%. The results of this study showed that the gel formula of ethanol extract of Xestospongia Sp. sponge has an anti-inflammatory effect on each concentration and the formula that has a large anti-inflammatory effect was obtained at extract concentration of 0.04%.
In Silico Study to Assess Antibacterial Activity from Cladophora Sp. on Peptide Deformylase: Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Bintari Yoni Rina , Risandiansyah Rio
Published: May 2019

Increasing antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria is a severe problem in the world. Therefore, there is a need to identify new drugs from natural products and also new drug targets. Cladophora sp. is a marine organism which is known to have bioactive compounds and a potential antibacterial. On the other hand, Peptide Deformylase (PDf) may prove to be a novel drug target since it is crucial for native peptide functioning in most pathogenic bacteria. This study screens for PDf inhibition activity of compounds from Cladophora sp. using molecular docking approach and screening the binding affinity of bioactive compounds against the peptide receptor PDf using Pyrex Autodock Vina software. Docking results were stored and visualized using Biovia Discovery Studio and PyMOL ligand. Ligands were obtained from previous literature in PubChem, and receptor peptide PDf from pathogenic bacteria: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PDB ID:1N5N), Escherichia coli (PDB ID:1BSK), Enterococcus faecium (PDB ID:3G6N) and Staphylococcus aureus (PDB ID:1LQW), was obtained from the peptide data bank. The results of this screening show with ligand the highest binding affinity against PDf of P. aeruginosa, E. coli, E. faecium, and S. aureus is stearic acid (-5.9 kcal/mol), eicosapentaenoic acid (-6.6 kcal/mol), stearic acid (-5.8 kcal/mol), and stearic acid (-6.2 kcal/mol) respectively. The binding of natural compounds from Cladophora sp. with PDf models may provide a new drug with a different drug target for antibacterial potential.
Cover, Content, and Editorial Note from Borneo J Pharm Vol. 2 No. 1 May 2019
Authors: Borneo J Pharm Chief Editor Of
Published: May 2019

Starting from this edition, Borneo J Pharm make changes to the template in the article that will be published. The amendment aims to make it easier for readers to observe essential parts of each page of the article.In this edition we succeeded in obtaining several achievements, including publishing all English-language articles, and successfully gaining support from several international reviewers from various countries, such as Brunei Darussalam, Russia, India and Libya. We will ensure this achievement as a start and will continue to improve the quality of Borneo J Pharm in the future.The aim of this journal is to publish high-quality articles dedicated to all aspects of the latest outstanding developments in the field but not limited to Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmacognosy-Phytochemistry, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Development, Clinical-Community Pharmacy, Management Pharmacy, and other Pharmacy aspects. This edition contains six articles consisting of Pharmacology-Toxicology, Pharmaceutical, Analytical Pharmacy-Medicinal Chemistry, Natural Product Development, and Management Pharmacy topics.Editorial boards are fully aware that there are still room for improvement in this edition, hence with all humility willing to accept constructive suggestions and feedback for improvements to the publication for the next editions. The editorial board would like to thank the University, all editors and reviewers, and contributors of the scientific articles who have provided the repetoire in this issue. We hope that all parties, especially the contributors of the articles, could re-participate for the success of the publication in the next edition on November 2019.