bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Speech-language pathology students’ experiences of viewing clinicians learning a new skill: A thematic analysis
Authors: Tulloch Kris , Nickbakht Mansoureh , Scarinci Nerina
Published: November 2024

Background
Gaining competency in a clinical practice such as speech-language pathology requires more than studying anatomy or learning about disorders: Students are often required to gain skills intersecting their self-perceptions, levels of confidence, trust in practice educators, and willingness to be vulnerable while learning. Yet, limited research has investigated students’ perceptions of error recovery processes in practice education, and demonstrations often focus on best-practice behaviours which may contribute to students’ perceptions or interpretations of deficits in their own skill.
Aims
This study aims to explore information, processes and behaviours speech-language pathology students attended to when observing clinicians learning a new skill.
Methods & Procedures:
This qualitative study used in-person and online workshops in which students discussed concepts, watched videos and reflected on video content. Fifteen speech-language pathology students aged 17–50 (m = 21, SD = 8.17) participated from a university in Australia. Workshop discussions were thematically analysed.
Outcomes & Results:
Three major themes were generated, including (1) Clinicians gradually learned how to use a new tool properly; (2) Clinicians were person-centered as skills were applied flexibly as every client is different; and (3) Workplace culture plays a role in skill acquisition.
Conclusions & Implications:
The themes are indicative of the importance of valuing flexibility in administering therapy, acceptance of mistakes, and the key role person-centeredness plays in practicing new skills. Practice educators may wish to use these insights in guiding their students’ attentional focus when undertaking clinical observation and practice, while also considering psychological and emotional strategies aiding student development.
Role of thermo-acoustic analysis of specific acoustic impedance in detection and estimation of major sugar content in coconut water
Authors: Bindu R G , Sheeja V N , Cherian Tom , Cyriac Jincemon , kalarikkal Nandakumar
Published: November 2024

Through the foundational formula of specific acoustic impedance, we have derived a temperature-dependent relationship, leveraging insights into the temperature coefficients of sound velocity and liquid density. This innovative approach has enabled us to effectively detect and estimate the primary sugar content within coconut water, showcasing remarkable agreement with experimental findings. Furthermore, to validate our results, we have cross-referenced them against established chemical methods, confirming their accuracy and reliability.
Drought Effects on Benthic Macroinvertebrate Community Resilience and Functional Diversity in Wetland Mesocosms
Authors: Kim Min Kyung , Yoon Tae Joong , Kim Dong
Published: November 2024

This study investigated the impacts of short-term (4 months) and long-term (8 months) drought on benthic macroinvertebrate (BMI) communities in wetland mesocosms, focusing on community composition, functional diversity, and resilience mechanisms. Using controlled experiments, we compared BMI communities in three treatments: control (C), short-term drought (S), and long-term drought (L). The results showed that drought duration significantly influenced on some community and functional diversity indices. While the C wetland maintained stable communities, S and L wetlands exhibited distinct recovery patterns post-drought. The S wetland demonstrated higher community similarity to pre-drought conditions compared to the L wetland, suggesting greater resilience to short-term disturbances. Functional diversity indices revealed complex responses, with drought altering feeding habits, living types, and voltinism traits. Long-term drought led to dominance by multivoltine species and reduced functional evenness. This study highlights the importance of drought duration in shaping BMI communities and emphasizes the need for long-term monitoring to understand wetland ecosystem recovery dynamics under climate change scenarios.
Enhanced Combinatorial Effect of Resveratrol in Conjunction with other Naturally Occurring Bioactive Compounds
Authors: Profft Stefan , Chanduri Vineet , Bech Elisabeth Sophie , Vang Ole
Published: November 2024

Optimal diet is critical for a healthy life, and, for example, the Mediterranean diet has been associated with a wide range of benefits for overall health. Specific links have been made to anti-cancer effects of the Mediterranean diet through reducing oxidative and inflammatory processes and reducing cell proliferation. In the present study, we aimed to understand the effect of specific dietary compounds on colorectal cancer cell proliferation. As humans are seldom exposed to high concentrations of single bioactive compounds through the diet but rather, multiple compounds at low concentrations, we investigated the combined effect of bioactive compounds at low concentrations. While a combination of four structurally related stilbenoids (resveratrol, pterostilbene, piceatannol and oxyresveratrol) had antagonistic to additive effects on inhibition of cell proliferation, a combination of four structurally diverse compounds (resveratrol, curcumin, 3,3′-diindolylmethane and artemisinin) resulted in synergistic to additive effects. Taken together, these result show that a mixture of four dietary bioactive compounds have a significant inhibitory potential on cell proliferation, even at low concentrations, and support the notion of cancer risk reduction associated with the Mediterranean diet being due to a combination of chemopreventive compounds.
lncRNA NEAT1 affects granulosa cell apoptosis and steroid biosynthesis via the miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis in ovarian aging
Authors: Dong Li , Wu Haicui , Qi Fanghua , Chen Wen , Xu Yuan , Li Min , Wang Yuqi , Yan Rugen , Cai Pingping
Published: November 2024

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an important role in ovarian aging by affecting the biological functions of granulosa cells (GCs) through multiple mechanisms. The lncRNA NEAT1 is significantly downregulated in aging ovaries; however, the exact regulatory mechanism has not been elucidated. In the current study, we aimed to investigate the effects of the lncRNA NEAT1 in GC functions during ovarian aging and explore its therapeutic potential. We observed that NEAT1 expression is downregulated in GCs of older patients with diminished ovarian reserve (DOR), which is closely associated with ovarian reserve function and assisted reproductive cycle outcomes. Functional assays revealed that NEAT1 promotes KGN cell proliferation by increasing the proportion of S-phase cells and inhibiting apoptosis. Bioinformatics analysis and a dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed that NEAT1 acts as a miR-204-5p sponge and identified ESR1 as a miR-204-5p target gene, both of which were significantly differentially expressed in the GCs of older patients with DOR. Mechanistic experiments demonstrated that NEAT1 acts as a competitive endogenous RNA and adsorbs miR-204-5p through molecular sponging, which in turn promotes the expression of ESR1 and upregulates the expression of key enzymes (steroidogenic acute regulatory protein and cytochrome P450 family 19 subfamily A member 1) involved in steroid hormone synthesis. This induces estradiol biosynthesis and activates the downstream mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to promote the phosphorylation of extracellular signaling-related kinase and cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element binding protein, which affects the cell cycle and results in the promotion of proliferation and inhibition of apoptosis of KGN cells. Our results suggest that NEAT1 activates the downstream MAPK pathway through the miR-204-5p/ESR1 axis; regulates GC proliferation, apoptosis, and the cell cycle; and affects steroid biosynthesis. Therefore, NEAT1 represents a potential therapeutic target to delay ovarian aging.
Optimization of Multi-Threshold Trading Strategies in the Directional Changes Paradigm
Authors: Salman Ozgur , Melissourgos Themistoklis , Kampouridis Michael
Published: November 2024

The objective of this paper is to investigate the potential of using the Directional Changes (DC) paradigm for financial forecasting. DC is an event-based approach that differs from the traditional physical time data, which employs fixed time intervals and uses a physical time scale. The DC method records price movements when specific events occur instead of using fixed intervals. The determination of these events relies on a threshold, which captures significant changes in price of a given asset. This work employs eight trading strategies that are developed based on directional changes. These strategies were profiled using varying values of thresholds to provide a comprehensive analysis of their effectiveness. In order to enhance the performance of both the thresholds and trading strategies, a genetic algorithm was utilized to optimize their respective weights. This approach provided a more comprehensive analysis and enriched the information available to our trading strategy. To analyze our model in our experiment, we utilized 200 stocks listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Furthermore, the method proposed in this study successfully generated profitable trading strategies that exhibited superior performance when compared to specific DC-based benchmarks commonly utilized in the existing literature. Additionally, the proposed method outperformed conventional strategies based on technical indicators such as ADX, Aroon, CCI, EMA, MACD, RSI, and WilliamR.
Intrapatient Tacrolimus Variability is Associated with Medical Nonadherence among Pediatric Kidney Transplant Recipients
Authors: Sigurjonsdottir Vaka Kristin , Gavcovich Tara B. , DeFreitas Marissa J. , Serrano Claudia , Rivas Esther , Jorge Migdalia , Seeherunvong Wacharee , Katsoufis Chryso , Glaberson Wendy , Oliva Melisa , Mattiazzi Adela D. , Abitbol Carolyn , Chandar Jayanthi
Published: November 2024

Background: Long-term survival of kidney allografts is limited by multiple factors, including nonadherence. High intrapatient variability (IPV) in tacrolimus levels (≥30%) is associated with de novo donor-specific antibody (dnDSA) formation, increased risk of rejection and graft loss.
Methods: We prospectively analyzed the association between tacrolimus IPV and nonadherence in pediatric kidney transplant recipients. We derived a composite adherence score from 0-3 points based on (1) Basel Assessment of Adherence to Immunosuppressive Medical ScaleÓ; (2) healthcare team score; and (3) intentionally missed laboratory or clinic visits. A score of 1 or more was considered nonadherent. Tacrolimus 12-hour trough levels, patient characteristics and clinical outcomes were collected. Tacrolimus IPV was calculated as the coefficient of variation.
Results: The nonadherent group had a significantly higher median tacrolimus IPV (31%) as compared to the adherent cohort (20%) (p < 0.001), with a positive correlation between tacrolimus IPV and composite adherence score (r = 0.44, p < 0.001). Antibody and T-cell mediated rejection, along with dnDSA formation were more prevalent in nonadherent patients and those with a high tacrolimus IPV.
Conclusions: Tacrolimus IPV may be a useful biomarker to identify high-risk patients, allowing for early interventions to prevent adverse graft outcomes.
The Role of Ferroptosis in Liver Injury after Cold Ischemia-Reperfusion in Rats with Autologous Orthotopic Liver Transplantation
Authors: Wu Wei , Xu Bei , Huang Haibin , Mao Ying , Gao Yuan , Bu Wenhao
Published: November 2024

Using autologous orthotopic liver transplantation（AOLT） model in rats, the effect of lipid reactive oxygen species（L-ROS） inhibitor Ferrostain-1 on ferroptosis signal pathway was observed to determine whether ferroptosis occurred in rat liver injury after cold Cold ischemia-reperfusion(I/R). Thirty-two healthy adult SPF male SD rats，8 ~ 10 weeks old, weight 240 ~ 260g, It is divided into four groups by the method of random number table(n = 8)：Sham group,I/R group,I/R+Fer-1 group,I/R+DFO group. In I/R+Fer-1 group, Intraperitoneal injection of ferristatin-1(5mg /kg) 30 minutes before surgery；In I/R+DFO group, DFO 100mg/kg was injected intraperitoneally 1 h before operation and 12 h after operation. Blood samples were taken from the inferior hepatic vena cava 24 hours after reperfusion, After anesthesia, the rats were killed and part of their liver tissue was removed. The pathological changes of liver tissue sections were observed under high power microscope, and the liver injury was evaluated；Determination of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and serum levels of ALT, AST, IL-6 by ELISA method，Determination of reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), MDA, Fe2+ and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in liver tissue. Compared with Sham group, the serum levels of IL-6,MDA, AST and ALT in I/R group were obviously higher (P < 0.05)；The levels of MDA and Fe2+ in liver tissue were significantly increased (P < 0.05)；The levels of SOD, GSH and GPX4 in liver tissue decreased. The levels of serum MDA, IL-6, AST and ALT in I/R+Fer-1 and I/R+DFO groups were significantly lower than those in I/R group at 24 hours after reperfusion；In I/R+Fer-1 group, the level of MDA in liver tissue decreased significantly, while the level of SOD, GSH and GPX4 in intestinal tissue increased (P < 0.05)；In I/R+DFO group, the levels of MDA and Fe2+ in liver tissue decreased significantly, while the level of SOD in intestinal tissue increased (P < 0.05).Ferroptosis is involved in pathophysiological process of liver injury after cold ischemia-reperfusion in AOLT rats.
WITHDRAWN: Pattern Synthesis in Butler-Matrix-Fed Cylindrical Antenna Array for Monopulse NR-IFF Radar Application
Authors: Fallah Mohsen , Nekounam Majid , Armaki Seyyed Hossein Mohseni
Published: November 2024

This paper presents the design and procedure of pattern synthesis in a cylindrical antenna array with electronic scan capability suitable for Non-Rotating Identification Friend or Foe (NR-IFF) radar system. To this purpose, 64 printed dipole antennas are placed around a cylindrical ground plane, out of which 16 elements in a 90-degree active sector are united to form the sum and difference radiation patterns required for monopulse technique. The electronic scan can be achieved through commutation of the active sector by a suitable feed network based on the Butler matrix, some variable phase shifters and SP4T switches. MATLAB and HFSS are linked together and particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to synthesize the desired radiation pattern in the active sector. This method is capable of taking into account the mutual coupling effect between the array elements and compensate for it during the design procedure.
ELMO2 is an essential regulator of carotid artery development
Authors: Adams Ralf , Suresh Athira , Kruse Kai , Arf Hendrik , Diéguez-Hurtado Rodrigo
Published: November 2024

Engulfment and cell motility 2 (ELMO2) is a cytoskeletal adaptor protein necessary for cell migration and apoptotic cell removal. Loss-of-function mutations in ELMO2 cause intraosseous vascular malformation (VMOS), a human disease involving progressive expansion of craniofacial bones in combination with anomalies in blood vessels that emerge from the external carotid artery, as well as aneurysms in the internal carotid artery. Here we show that global inactivation of Elmo2 in mice leads to midgestation embryonic lethality due to dilation of the 3rd pharyngeal arch arteries and aneurysm formation in the common carotids. These vascular malformations are associated to defects in vascular smooth muscle cell organization and are phenocopied upon neural crest-specific deletion. In vitro experiments further confirm that ELMO2 regulates vascular smooth muscle cell adhesion, spreading and contractility through Rac1 activation and modulation of actin dynamics. Our findings provide new insights into the biological function of ELMO2 with relevant implications for understanding VMOS pathogenesis and raise the possibility of vessel-targeted diagnostic and treatment strategies.
Relationship Instability and Depression among Women at Midlife: A Longitudinal Analysis
Authors: Dorius Cassandra , Riser Quentin , Hemesath Crystal
Published: November 2024

This study explores the relationship between family complexity and major depressive symptoms among middle-aged women, using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 (NLSY79). By analyzing relationship trajectories, transitions, and statuses, this research uncovers how various relational dynamics influence mental health outcomes. Findings reveal that stable marital relationships are associated with lower depression rates, while individuals with multiple relationship transitions or complex trajectories experience higher odds of major depressive symptoms. These results underscore the importance of relational history in diagnosing and treating depression among women, advocating for the incorporation of relational context into mental health assessments. The study’s implications suggest that addressing relational instability in therapeutic interventions can significantly improve mental health outcomes for women in midlife.
MALNUTRITION AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENTAMONG UNDER FIVE YEARS CHILDREN IN INDIA
Authors:   Research Scholar, Department of Home Science (Foods and Nutrition), Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi., and Neelam , Chakravorty Sukanya ,   Assistant Professor, Department of Home Science (Foods and Nutrition), Mahila Mahavidyalaya, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi.
Published: November 2024

Malnutrition is a silent epidemic that is associated with structural and functional brain disease. Malnourished children have been found to have a wide range of cognitive abnormalities.Malnutrition in under five yearschildren has been linked to lower intelligence quotient, cognitive development, academic achievement, and behavioural difficulties in school-aged children compared to matched controls.The aim of this review is to give a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on the link between malnutrition and cognitive development. A study was conducted by the secondary data including review paper, research articles, WHO report, newspaper articles and NFHS-5 report in the literature that have attempted the existing knowledge on the study. This article discusses the most important malnourished factors and its associations with cognitive functions.
ADVANCEMENTS IN REGENERATIVE MEDICINE: PRESENT APPROACHES, EMERGING STRATEGIES, AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES
Authors: Farshan Shaik
Published: November 2024

Background: Regenerative medicine is an evolving field with tremendous promise for treating various diseases and medical conditions. This innovative discipline encompasses various techniques, including the utilization of stem cells, tissue engineering, and gene therapy, to effectively regenerate or replace damaged tissues and organs. The rapid advancements in regenerative medicine over recent years have created new hope for patients who face otherwise untreatable conditions, showcasing the fields potential to transform healthcare. Objectives: The primary objective of this article is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of regenerative medicine. By delving into recent advancements and emerging technologies, this article aims to highlight the various FDA-approved therapies that have been developed to treat diverse pathologies. Additionally, it seeks to identify future directions for research and application within this dynamic field, ensuring that readers are informed about the latest breakthroughs and potential developments. Findings: To date, regenerative medicine has resulted in numerous FDA-approved therapies that target various pathologies. Extensive research has led to the creation of sophisticated grafts that leverage advanced scaffolding materials and cutting-edge cell manipulation technologies. These innovations allow for precise control over cell behavior and enhance tissue repair mechanisms. Strategies such as the controlled release of growth factors and vascular cell seeding are currently being developed to improve graft integration with both the host vasculature and the nervous system. Furthermore, there are ongoing efforts to stimulate and enhance the bodys healing response through immune system modulation, alongside the development of new cell sources for transplantation to address the persistent challenge of limited cell supply. Significance: The significance of regenerative medicine lies in its transformative potential to revolutionize the treatment of conditions that have long been deemed incurable. By providing insights into the advancements in graft technology, cell sourcing, and integration strategies, this article underscores the ultimate promise of regenerative medicine as a vital area of research. The findings and discussions presented here not only illuminate the current landscape but also pave the way for future innovations that could lead to groundbreakingtherapies, enhancing the quality of life for countless patients worldwide.[1][2].This article provides an overview and insights into the current state of the development of regenerative medicine and its various potential guiding into future directions.
A CLINICAL STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VAMANA KARMA AND SHAMANA CHIKITSA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF EKA KUSHTHA (PSORIASIS)
Authors:   PG Scholar, PG Department of Panchakarma, Ch. Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan, Khera Dabar, New Delhi, India., Divyani Dr. , Arun Gupta Prof. (Dr.) ,   Professor and Head, PG Department of Panchakarma, Ch. Brahm Prakash Ayurved Charak Sansthan, Khera Dabar, New Delhi, India.
Published: November 2024

Eka kushtha comes under Kshudra Kushtha division of Kushtha roga in Ayurvedic texts and primarily involves an imbalance of Vata and Kapha Doshas. This condition is characterized by symptoms such as Asvedanam (lack of sweating), Mahavastu (extensive areas of the body affected), Matsyashakalopamam (scaling resembling fish scales), Krishna Aruna Varna (dark or reddish-brown skin lesions), Kandu (itching), and Rukshata (dryness). In contemporary terms, it can be related to Psoriasis, which is chronic, non-communicable disease (NCD), with inflammatory changes in skin, this disease having no cure causing negative impact on patients quality of life (QoL). The World Health Organization (WHO) reported a global prevalence of Psoriasis in countries vary between 0.09% and 11.4%, in most developed countries, prevalence ranges between 1.5 and 5%. India showing a prevalence range between 0.44% and 2.88%. Psoriasis causes physical, mental and social burden leading to impaired quality of life in patients, making psoriasis a serious health concern. According to Acharya Charaka, the treatment for Eka kushtha should address the excessive Doshas involved. Since Eka kushtha is considered a Bahudosha (excessively aggravated Dosha) and Chirkari (chronic) condition, Shodhana Chikitsa (purificatory treatments) are recommended along with shamana chikitsa (palliative treatments). This study evaluated the effectiveness of Vamana Karma following Shamana Chikitsa in the management of Eka kushtha. A total of 33 patients with Eka kushtha (Psoriasis) were enrolled in the study and undergone Vamana Karma as Shodhana Chikitsa followed by local application of Vajrak Tail and Ayaskriti Paan as Shamana Chikitsa . The study depicted statistically significant improvement in PASI Score (71.28% improvement) and other subjective parameters like matsyashaklopamam, kandu, aswedan, bahalatva, mandal and rukshta were also reduced significantly within the sample. Overall improvement % after 50 days of study period shows that this treatment regimen (Shodhanottar Shamana Chikitsa) is highly effective with 82% markedly improved patients.
EVALUATION OF THE ROLE OF SELECTIVE DIGESTIVE TRACT DECONTAMINATION IN PREVENTION OF VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT PATIENTS
Authors:   Acting consultant Anesthesia Dubai Academic Health Corporation Hatta Hospital., Zaki Shaaban Youssef Mohamed
Published: November 2024

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a significant nosocomial infection in critically ill patients, contributing to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare costs. The incidence of VAP in intensive care units (ICUs) ranges from 7% to 40%, with mortality rates potentially exceeding 50%1. Recent studies highlight that VAP affects approximately 27% of all critically ill patients, with 86% of these infections associated with mechanical ventilation. The attributable mortality of VAP varies, with some studies reporting an increase in mortality of up to 27%3. Pathogens such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter, and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia are linked to higher mortality rates4. Beyond mortality, VAP significantly extends ICU length of stay and increases healthcare costs5. The gastrointestinal tract plays a crucial role in VAP pathogenesis, as it often becomes colonized with Gram-negative bacteria during critical illness6. Interventions such as selective decontamination of the digestive tract (SDD), stress ulcer prophylaxis with sucralfate, and enteral feeding strategies are employed to reduce VAP incidence. While SDD has been shown to decrease VAP incidence and may positively impact mortality, it also poses a risk of promoting Gram-positive bacterial infections. SDD involves the use of non-absorbable antibiotics applied topically to the oropharynx and through a nasogastric tube, often supplemented with systemic antibiotics during the initial days of ICU admission. Recent guidelines and systematic reviews continue to emphasize the importance of accurate VAP diagnosis and effective antimicrobial therapy to improve patient outcomes and reduce healthcare burdens.
A DIGITAL TOURISM MAP TO GUIDE THE FEATURED TOURIST LOCATIONS IN THE BENDOSARI-PUJON TOURISM VILLAGE
Authors: Nursyifani Cahyaning Umul Chasanah , Aprillia Putri Safitri
Published: November 2024

Each tourist village has its own set of attractions; that being said, Bendosari-Pujon Tourism Village offers its own beautiful. This village in Malang Regency provides dairy farming, milk processing, and plantation excursions. Additionally, one of the village famous sites, Grojokan Sewu Waterfall is really popular. Bendosari-Pujon Tourism Village is unique in that it converts cow dung into biogas. However, the wide terrain of Bendosari Village makes tourist sites difficult to reach without a car. This issue significantly lowers visitors' awareness of Bendosari Village's tourist attractions.
Rapid technological growth has benefited humanity in numerous ways. Almost every productive-aged person utilizes a smartphone on a regular basis. This could help share information. Based on this rationale, the researchers employed descriptive, qualitative methodologies to find the best option. During data collection, researchers were able to restrict Bendosari Village's advertising needs and expand its tourism attractions thanks to technological advances. The research seek to identify the most effective digital channel for promoting key tourist destinations.
Surface water quality in Costa Rica: new initiatives and challenges
Authors: Hearne Robert , Madrigal-Ballestero Roger
Published: November 2024

Despite Costa Rica's reputation for being a leader in environmental policy and its thriving nature-based tourism industry, the nation has had poor surface water quality. Reasons for poor water quality include the lack of sewerage treatment, overuse of septic tanks, and the application of large quantities of agrichemicals. Although Costa Rica has policies to maintain surface water quality, they have not been sufficiently implemented. Recent initiatives have addressed surface water quality, including an ambitious plan to expand treated sewerage systems in all urban areas. Current efforts to meet this goal have focused on the San Jose metropolitan area and coastal communities. This paper reviews the advances and challenges to Costa Rica's efforts to improve water quality.
Risk factors for schistosomiasis
Authors: Nelwan Martin L.
Published: November 2024

In this review, I describe the progress in a study that focused on the risk factors for schistosomiasis around the globe for the purposes of the review. Human schistosomiasis affects 229 million people; at least 90% are in sub-Saharan Africa, and 54% are school-aged children. Schistosoma haematobium infects 112 million people, Schistosoma japonicum infects 3.1 million people, and Schistosoma mansoni infects 54 million people. Schistosomiasis can occur in endemic and non-endemic areas. A high risk of schistosomiasis can occur in, for example, preschool-aged children, school-aged children, and workers in endemic schistosomiasis areas. These people make contact with infested freshwater day by day. In addition, environmental factors and socioeconomic factors can affect the transmission of schistosomiasis. Various factors can cause the transmission of schistosomiasis, for example, climate changes and proximity to infested freshwater bodies. People with high risks for schistosomiasis need great attention for treatment and/or prevention programs. Risk factors for schistosomiasis, for example, human behavior and socioeconomic status, can affect the transmission of schistosomiasis. Many developing countries in Africa, Asia, and South America are at risk of this disease. High-risk people need special attention in programs for schistosomiasis elimination.
Cutting-edge Strategies for Overcoming Therapeutic Barriers in Alzheimer's Disease
Authors: Inamdar Aparna , Gurupadayya Bannimath , Halagali Prashant , S. Nandakumar , Pathak Rashmi , Singh Himalaya , Sharma Himanshu
Published: November 2024

Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains one of the hardest neurodegenerative diseases to treat due to its
enduring cognitive deterioration and memory loss. Despite extensive research, few viable treatment approaches
have been found; these are mostly due to several barriers, such as the disease's complex biology, limited
pharmaceutical efficacy, and the BBB. This presentation discusses current strategies for addressing these therapeutic
barriers to enhance AD treatment. Innovative drug delivery methods including liposomes, exosomes,
and nanoparticles may be able to pass the blood-brain barrier and allow medicine to enter specific brain regions.
These innovative strategies of medicine distribution reduce systemic side effects by improving absorption.
Moreover, the development of disease-modifying treatments that target tau protein tangles, amyloid-beta
plaques, and neuroinflammation offers the chance to influence the course of the illness rather than only treat
its symptoms. Furthermore, gene therapy and CRISPR-Cas9 technologies have surfaced as potentially groundbreaking
methods for addressing the underlying genetic defects associated with AD. Furthermore, novel approaches
to patient care may involve the utilization of existing medications having neuroprotective properties,
such as those for diabetes and cardiovascular conditions. Furthermore, biomarker research and personalized
medicine have made individualized therapy approaches possible, ensuring that patients receive the best care
possible based on their unique genetic and molecular profiles.
An Overview on Antifilarial Efficacy of Heterocyclic Motifs Encompassing Synthetic Strategies, SAR, and Commercialized Medications
Authors: Tahlan Sumit , Singh Sucheta , Pandey Kailash C
Published: November 2024

Filariasis is one of the oldest, most dangerous, debilitating, disfiguring diseases and
often ignores tropical disorders. It presents with a range of clinical symptoms, a low death rate,
and a high morbidity rate, which contributes to social discrimination. This condition has major
effects on people's socioeconomic circumstances. This illness is carried by mosquitoes that have
spread malaria. Lymphatic filariasis, caused by Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, and Brugia
timori, is a crippling illness with serious social and economic consequences. The infection persisted
despite therapy with conventional antifilarial medications such as diethylcarbamazine (DEC),
albendazole, and ivermectin, which are mostly microfilaricides. Current treatments (ivermectin,
diethylcarbamazine, and albendazole) have limited effectiveness against adult parasites and produce
side effects; therefore, innovative antifilarial medications are urgently required. Hence,
macrofilaricides, embryostatic agents, and improved microfilaricides are required. The following
article discusses the typical synthetic methodologies established for antifilarial activity as well as
their marketed pharmaceuticals, which will help researchers, medicinal chemists, and pharmaceutical
scientists to develop new and effective antifilarial therapies. This review can help to identify
new lead compounds and optimize existing commercial medications to improve their therapeutic
efficacy. The majority of the studies addressed in this review concern the forms of filariasis, parasite
life cycle, symptoms, medications used to treat filariasis, synthetic schemes, SAR, and results
from the reported research.
Study on the Mechanism of Alpinia officinarum Hance in the Improvement of Insulin Resistance through Network Pharmacology, Molecular Docking
and in vitro Experimental Verification
Authors: Zhou Mingyan , Lian Xiuxia , Zhang Xuguang , Xu Jian , Zhang Junqing
Published: November 2024

Background:

Research has elucidated that the pathophysiological underpinnings of
non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus are intrinsically linked to insulin
resistance (IR). However, there are currently no pharmacotherapies specifically approved for
combating IR. Although Alpinia officinarum Hance (A. officinarum) can ameliorate diabetes,
the detailed molecular mechanism through which it influences IR has not been fully clarified.

Aims:

To predict the active components of A. officinarum and determine the mechanism by
which A. officinarum affects IR.

Methods:

The active compounds and molecular mechanism underlying the improvement of IR
by A. officinarum were predicted via network pharmacology and molecular docking. To further
substantiate these predictions, an in vitro model of IR was induced in HepG2 cells using high
glucose concentrations. Cytotoxicity and oxidative stress levels were evaluated using Cell
Counting Kit-8, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and superoxide dismutase
(SOD) assay kits. The putative molecular mechanisms were corroborated through Western
blot and RT-PCR analyses.

Results:

Fourteen principal active components in A. officinarum, 133 potential anti-IR gene targets,
and the top five targets with degree values were ALB, AKT1, TNF, IL6, and VEGFA. A.
officinarum was posited to exert its pharmacological effects on IR through mechanisms involving
lipid and atherosclerosis, the AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, the
PI3K-AKT signaling pathway, fluid shear stress, and atherosclerosis. Intriguingly, network
pharmacology analysis highlighted (4E)-7-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-
one (A14) as the most active compound. Molecular docking studies further confirmed that A14
has a strong binding affinity for the main targets of PI3K, AKT, and Nrf2. The experiments
demonstrated that A14 significantly diminished the ROS and MDA levels while augmenting the
SOD activity. Moreover, A14 was found to elevate the protein expression of PI3K, AKT, Nrf2,
and HO-1, and increase the mRNA levels of these targets as well as NQO1.

Conclusion:

A. officinarum could play a therapeutic role in IR through multiple components,
targets, and pathways. The most active component of A. officinarum responsible for combating
IR is A14, which has the ability to regulate oxidative stress in IR-HepG2 cells by activating the
PI3K/AKT/Nrf2 pathway. These findings suggest a potential pharmacological intervention
strategy for the treatment of IR.
Unha recontextualización da minaría do ouro galaico-romana
Authors: Pazos Oscar
Published: November 2024

This article reviews the foundations and the state of the art of the geoarchaeological research into the Gallaecian-Roman gold mining, often referred to as ‘NW Roman mining’. Based on the evidence of the extraordinary success of this ancient mining, not achieved in the two centuries of modern techno-industrial mining, a reevaluation is made on the meaning and consequences of this success within its geomining, geographic and historical context, as well as on the artifacts introduced by the geoarchaeological methodologies and the literary references commonly used until now.
Ability to Select AAC Graphic Symbols by Severity of Alzheimer’s Disease and Number of Symbols
Authors: Han Jee-Eun , Shin Sangeun
Published: November 2024

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the graphic-symbol selection ability of patients with dementia of Alzheimer's type (DAT) based on the severity of dementia by conducting symbol identification and symbol discrimination tasks with increasing numbers of symbols. These tasks were performed with both normal elderly individuals and DAT patients to explore how cognitive load affects them differently.Methods: A total of 21 normal elderly individuals, 17 mild DAT patients, and 20 moderate to severe DAT patients were assessed. They performed symbol identification and symbol discrimination tasks using the Augmentative and Alternative Communication Symbol Assessment Tool. The number of symbols increased in six steps, from 4 to 72. Accuracy and response time were measured for statistical analysis.Results: In the symbol identification task, there was no significant difference in accuracy among the three groups. However, normal group showed significantly faster responses compared to moderate to severe DAT group. In the symbol discrimination task, normal group showed higher accuracy and significantly faster responses than moderate to severe DAT group. As the number of symbols increased, response times increased across all groups, with more time required for the symbol discrimination task.Conclusion: It was confirmed that the greater the severity of DAT, the more cognitive load and impaired information processing were reflected in symbol selection. Findings suggest that response time is a more sensitive indicator of cognitive decline in DAT patients and highlight the need to adjust the number of symbols and presentation methods according to the severity of the patient’s condition in dementia interventions.
A Study on the Listening Environment in Schools for the Inclusive Education of Students with Hearing Impairments
Authors: Shin Eun-Yeong , Park Kyung Ran , Cho Soo Jin
Published: November 2024

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the listening environment for students with hearing impairments in inclusive education, providing fundamental data for establishing performance standards and improving classroom listening environments for these students.Methods: The teacher’s voice signal, classroom noise, and reverberation time were measured and analyzed in general classrooms, special education classrooms, and gymnasiums from 10 elementary schools where students with hearing impairments receive inclusive education.Results: The average equivalent noise level in the general classrooms was 56.8 dBA, and it was 53.4 dBA in the special education classrooms. The signal-to-noise ratio was +12.3 dB in the general classrooms, +15.7 dB in the special education classrooms, and +5.1 dB in the gymnasiums. The reverberation time was 0.4 seconds in the general classrooms, 0.5 seconds in the special education classrooms, and 0.8 seconds in the gymnasiums.Conclusion: Currently, it can be difficult for students with hearing impairments to effectively listen in inclusive educational environments. Therefore, improvements are needed to create better listening conditions.
Selective Word Stress Effect for Speech Perception Enhancement in Hearing-Impaired Older Listeners
Authors: Ma Sunmi , Han Woojae
Published: November 2024

Purpose: Although it is known that communication problem of the older adults might be overcome by using slower speech or talking in a less noisy environment, there is still a lack of detailed skills. This study aimed to identify word stress benefit in speech perception for older listeners when different levels of background noise and speech rate were presented.Methods: Forty elderly (20 for hearing loss and 20 for normal hearing) were randomly recruited. Both groups conducted sentence tests at quiet and three signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (+6, +3, 0 dB) and did them under four timealteration conditions (± 30% and ± 15%). Further, all sentences of both the noise and time alteration conditions had a 4, 6, or 8 dB up emphasized key word.Results: As expected, the hearing-impaired group had lower scores than the group with normal hearing in quiet and three SNR conditions. In quiet, both groups performed best at 6 dB emphasis. However, there was no significant difference in performance across 4, 6, and 8 dB up stress conditions when background noise was present. As time compression increased, speech perception scores decreased in both groups. Notably, at 30% expansion (slower speed), the normal hearing group scored the highest at 4 dB up emphasis, while the hearing-impaired group showed the best performance best at 8 dB up emphasis.Conclusion: Based on the current results, rather than simply speaking slowly, it would be more helpful for older adults with hearing loss to control their speech rate also emphasize key words during the conversation.
Greenhouse gases emission trade-offs for benefits gain - An analysis from paddy rice and upland crops cultivation in Hau Giang province, Viet Nam
Authors: Le Tran Thanh Liem , Pham Ngoc Nhan , Nguyen Thi Kim Phuoc
Published: November 2024

Agriculture activities require energy for operation and emit greenhouse gases (GHGs) into the atmosphere. However, agriculture provides essential nutrients with carbon sources through its main and by-products. This study used the life cycle assessment methodology to evaluate the carbon balance in agricultural systems of paddy rice (PR), corn, mung bean (MB), and black sesame (BS) in the summer-autumn growing season in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. The results showed that PR and upland crops produced a net carbon source of 1,280.9–18,915 kg-C ha–1. Corn cultivation achieved the best value in carbon index analyses. To have one calorie from grain, selected crops must trade off 115.19–501.81 mg-CO2e. This study concluded that four selected crop cultivations achieved carbon analysis benefits. However, corn is a suitable recommendation for adapting to the agricultural conversion from PR farming to better upland crop cultivation.
Exploring the effects of waste plastic aggregate on styrene-butadiene-styrene-modified asphalt binders for sustainable rural pavements
Authors: Huynh Trong Phuoc , Lee Sang-Yum , Le Tri Ho Minh
Published: November 2024

In addressing the imperative need for sustainable and cost-effective solutions in rural pavement development, this study navigates the intricate balance of environmental and financial constraints to ensure the resilience of infrastructure in communities with limited resources. The focal point is the integration of waste plastic aggregate (WPA) into hot mix asphalt, augmented by the inclusion of styrene-butadiene-styrene (SBS) for an elevated level of performance. The findings underscore a gradual decrease in the tensile strength ratio, emphasizing a manageable impact, transitioning from 82.4% in the control to 73.7% at 6% WPA. Noteworthy is the observation of marginal reductions in indirect tensile strength and stiffness, particularly notable at higher WPA levels. Dynamic modulus testing highlights susceptibility to rutting at lower frequencies, while high-frequency results demonstrate stability up to 6% WPA. The Hamburg wheel tracking test signals heightened rutting at 3% and 6% WPA, indicating potential challenges in deformation resistance. Despite a slight dip in strength, the discernible magnitude of this reduction is not substantial. This affirms that the incorporation of WPA achieves a harmonious enhancement of sustainability without compromising critical mechanical properties.
Xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến mức độ đáp ứng mỹ thuật đô thị tại thành phố Cần Thơ
Authors: Phạm Cẩm Đang , Võ Quang Minh , Lê Minh Khánh , Trần Thanh Phong
Published: November 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định các nhân tố ảnh hưởng đến nhu cầu của người dân về mỹ thuật đô thị (MTDT) tại thành phố Cần Thơ. Kết quả phân tích cho thấy hệ số KMO = 0,897 (sig. = 0,00), tổng phương sai trích 72,10%; phân biệt 2 nhóm nhân tố: loại hình kiến trúc, phong cách kiến trúc và giá trị lịch sử, văn hoá với 12 tiêu chí; trật tự không gian, tương tác của cộng đồng và nghệ thuật có 08 tiêu chí và ảnh hưởng thuận lớn hơn đến mức độ đáp ứng MTDT của người dân tại thành phố Cần Thơ với β = 0,562. MTDT tại Cần Thơ được đánh giá đáp ứng nhu cầu của người dân (giá trị trung bình là 3,6). Tuy nhiên, MTDT còn hạn chế về kiểm soát vẽ bẩn tường và quảng cáo, cải tạo và làm đẹp các không gian đô thị bị bỏ hoang và xuống cấp. Vì vậy, việc có các giải pháp giải quyết các hạn chế/khó khăn từ đó đáp ứng cao hơn nhu cầu người dân là cần thiết. Nghiên cứu là cơ sở tham khảo bổ sung yêu cầu đối với quy hoạch đô thị về cảnh quan trong thời gian tới.
Thành phần loài và hiện trạng khai thác tôm tít (Squillidae) ở vùng biển huyện Đông Hải, tỉnh Bạc Liêu
Authors: Trần Văn Việt , Nguyễn Chi Kha , Huỳnh Huy Quyền , Vũ Ngọc Út , Lê Hoàng Vũ
Published: November 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định thành phần loài và hiện trạng khai thác tôm tít (TT) ở vùng biển huyện Đông Hải, tỉnh Bạc Liêu từ tháng 5/2023 đến tháng 2/2024. Mẫu được thu 2 tuần/lần bằng ghe cào, đáy và dớn. Mẫu sau khi thu được cân (g), đo chiều dài tổng (mm), chụp ảnh các chi tiết đặc điểm để định danh loài với độ phóng đại 6 đến hơn 50 lần. Ngoài ra, 30 hộ khai thác thủy sản trong khu vực về hiện trạng TT cũng được khảo sát. Kết quả xác định được 7 loài TT bao gồm 2 loài kích thước lớn (Harpiosquilla harpax, H. raphidea), 5 loài kích cỡ vừa và nhỏ (Miyakea nepa, Erugosquilla woodmasoni, Oratosquillina interrupta, Cloridopsis scorpio, Alima orientalis). TT được khai thác quanh năm. Những cá thể kích cỡ lớn được khai thác bằng ghe cào xa bờ và đáy, các cá thể nhỏ chủ yếu ở ven bờ bằng đáy và dớn. Số lượng TT đang giảm do môi trường đang bị ô nhiễm và khai thác quá mức. Giá TT phụ thuộc vào kích cỡ, và tôm sống có giá bán cao hơn tôm ướp lạnh cùng cỡ.
Thực trạng năng lực giao tiếp sư phạm của sinh viên ngành sư phạm Vật lý Trường Đại học Cần Thơ và biện pháp phát triển
Authors: Trần Hoàng Gia An , Đỗ Thị Phương Thảo
Published: November 2024

Nghiên cứu đã khảo sát 125 sinh viên (SV) ngành Sư phạm Vật lý (SPVL) các khóa 46, 47 và 48 nhằm tìm hiểu thực trạng năng lực giao tiếp sư phạm của SV và ý kiến về các biện pháp phát triển các nhóm năng lực này. Phiếu hỏi gồm các câu hỏi theo thang Likert 5 mức độ và các câu hỏi mở nhằm hiểu rõ hơn các điểm mạnh, điểm yếu và biện pháp phát triển. Dựa trên tự đánh giá của SV, điểm trung bình cho năng lực giao tiếp bằng lời nói và bằng văn bản đều ở mức Khá, tuy nhiên SV thể hiện những điểm yếu về giao tiếp phi ngôn ngữ và sự tự tin. Các biện pháp được đề xuất nhìn chung đều nhận được sự ủng hộ của các SV tham gia trả lời khảo sát và SV còn đề xuất thêm những giải pháp khác đa dạng nhằm phát triển các nhóm năng lực này.