bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Economic challenges faced by migrant street vendors during a crisis: implications for social inclusion development
Authors: The Duy Duong , Tien Thanh Pham
Published: May 2024

Purpose

Informal migrant workers and street vendors have long been recognized as vulnerable groups in urban areas of Global South countries. However, limited studies exist on the economic challenges faced by migrant street vendors during crises. We aim to address this gap by shedding light on their livelihood and welfare losses during a public health crisis.

Design/methodology/approach

This research uses descriptive and qualitative analyzes to triangulate the results. Data are derived from surveys and in-depth interviews with migrant street vendors in the two biggest cities in Vietnam during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Findings

The street vendors experienced significant business loss and consumption reduction during social distancing as well as encountered difficulties in recovering their businesses in the “new normal.” These adverse consequences were also found to disproportionately affect women vendors. Additionally, despite adopting various strategies and mitigation mechanisms to sustain their businesses and consumption, these efforts proved insufficient.

Social implications

This research underscores the importance of short-term and long-term urban policies aimed at supporting and promoting the social inclusion of street vendors, particularly migrant and women vendors.

Originality/value

This research represents one of the early attempts to explore the adverse effects of a public health crisis on migrant street vendors and to examine whether the crisis disproportionately affected vendors from different genders and educational backgrounds. It also examines their business recovery in the “new normal.”
Gauging the dynamic interlinkage level between Fintech and the global blue economy performance
Authors: Thanh Ha Le
Published: May 2024

Purpose

We investigate connections between the development of Fintech and the blue economy from September 14th, 2020, to August 11th, 2023.

Design/methodology/approach

In this research, we use a cutting-edge model-free connectedness approach to investigate the relationships between FinTech and blue bond volatility. Our work is the first to investigate the effects of unknown events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine–Russia conflicts, on the interconnection of volatility derived from FinTech development and blue bond volatility.

Findings

Our results highlight the two-way relationship between the development of Fintech and the blue economy during our sample period. The net total connectedness shows that the blue economy index is a net shock receiver, especially in late 2021 and the second half of 2022, while most of the fintech indexes in our sample are mainly net shock transmitters. The Ukraine–Russia tension threatens the development of a sustainable blue economy. The development of Fintech plays an important role in promoting the blue economy.

Practical implications

Our results have important policy implications for investors and governments, as well as methods from the spillovers across the various indicators and their interconnections. Sharp information on the primary contagions among these indicators aids politicians in designing the most appropriate policies.

Originality/value

Our paper contributes to the literature in at least four ways. First, as previously stated, our article is the first to investigate the relationship between FinTech and blue bond volatility. Second, this study presented a framework for studying volatility interconnections between distinct variables that is more suited to analyzing these interconnections. In this research, we use a cutting-edge model-free connectedness approach to investigate the relationships between FinTech and blue bond volatility. Third, our work is the first to investigate the effects of unknown events such as the COVID-19 pandemic and Ukraine–Russia conflicts on the interconnection of volatility deriving from FinTech development and blue bond volatility. Lastly, our research provides a daily dataset for the BNP Paribas Easy ECPI Global ESG Blue Economy UCITS ETF to analyze 50 businesses from various markets that are at the forefront of the responsible application of ocean resources and other ESG standards. The Global X FinTech ETF (FINX) and the ARK FinTech Innovation ETF (ARKF) seek exposure to companies developing financial technology innovations. The development sectors include insurance, investment, fundraising and third-party lending by utilizing cutting-edge mobile and digital technologies. Our time series runs from September 14th, 2020, to August 11th, 2023. By using this database, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the link between the volatilities arising from various markets.
Links between terrorism financing and organised crime in Nigeria
Authors: Umar Bello
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This study aims to assess terrorism activities to identify measures required to mitigate the rise of terrorism activities and their metamorphosis into organised criminal activity through the prevention, disruption and dismantling of sources of financing terrorism.

Design/methodology/approach

A qualitative methodology was adopted for this study using descriptive synthesis from recent publications and reports of reputable organisations, i.e. relevant grey literature, key informant interview and a focus group discussion. This triangulation approach was used to cross-validate the findings.

Findings

The findings revealed that terrorism financing is most likely linked to organised crime for generating revenues and is further used to finance the activities of terrorists.

Practical implications

Terrorists operate from places with little or no presence of governance and, better still, ungovernable spaces for carrying out legitimate businesses, raising internally generated revenues from protection fees, ransoms and taxes. This space further allows domestic collaboration with local criminal gangs to exploit natural mineral resources. If the market for these resources is across borders, international or transnational criminal groups collaborate with terrorists to move the goods and assist with financial services for the generated proceeds.

Originality/value

This study assessed the emerging links between terrorism financing and organised crime in Nigeria.
Design, fabrication and experiment of soft fingers with double-chamber based on layer jamming
Authors: Li Mingge , Yin Zhongjun , Huang Xiaoming , Ma Jie , Liu Zhijie
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to propose a casting process for the production of double-chamber soft fingers, which avoids the problems of air leakage and fracture caused by multistep casting. This proposed method facilitates the simultaneous casting of the inflation chamber and the jamming chamber.

Design/methodology/approach

An integrated molding technology based on the lost wax casting method is proposed for the manufacture of double-chamber soft fingers. The solid wax core is assembled with the mold, and then liquid silicone rubber is injected into it. After cooling and solidification, the mold is stripped off and heated in boiling water, so that the solid wax core melts and precipitates, and the integrated soft finger is obtained.

Findings

The performance and fatigue tests of the soft fingers produced by the proposed method have been carried out. The results show that the manufacturing method can significantly improve the fatigue resistance and stability of the soft fingers, while also avoiding the problems such as air leakage and cracking.

Originality/value

The improvement of the previous multistep casting method of soft fingers is proposed, and the integrated molding manufacturing method is proposed to avoid the problems caused by secondary bonding.
Future-proofing the workplace: retaining young talent in a multi-generational ecosystem
Authors: Rider Liz
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of the paper is to explain how organisations can future-proof their workplace and retain talent in a multi-generational ecosystem

Design/methodology/approach

Desk research and experience.

Findings

It is possible to retain talent in a multigenerational workplace.

Practical implications

Companies should focus on personal development, increasing recognition and value, implementing people-first inclusive leadership, embracing flexible work, providing genuine career development and opportunities and offering work-life balance and a diverse and inclusive workplace with purposeful work.

Social implications

When bright young minds continue to leave organisations, taking valuable skills and fresh perspectives elsewhere, it is essential that companies rethink their approach to work as it is no longer appropriate for everyone.

Originality/value

New content based on expertise and experience of a 30-year career.
The effects of delivering short-cycle literacy interventions to beginning readers on pre-service teachers' self-efficacy in literacy instruction
Authors: Gibson Rebecca April
Published: May 2024

Purpose

This case study sought to investigate the relationship between pre-service teachers’ participation in designing and delivering one-on-one literacy intervention lessons to beginning readers and their own evolving self-efficacy in literacy instruction.

Design/methodology/approach

The study was embedded within a 4000-level course in the elementary education major where pre-service teachers learn to administer, analyze and interpret a variety of literacy assessments. Based on the results of these assessments, pre-service teachers designed and implemented literacy lessons (twice a week, 30-min sessions) that addressed the beginning readers' specific instructional needs. Through collecting pre/post data with their first-grade intervention students, and participating in reflective “check-ins” (surveys, a focus group and end-of-course written reflection), a portrait of increased pre-service teacher self-efficacy in literacy instruction comes into focus.

Findings

The data showed, primarily through the thematic analysis of qualitative data, that the experience of conducting a one-on-one intervention with a striving reader impacted pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy positively.

Research limitations/implications

The methodology of this study was limited by the small sample size and the low participant response rate on the quantitative survey measure.

Practical implications

This paper highlights one aspect in which clinically-rich field experiences can make a difference in the literacy instruction self-efficacy of pre-service teachers.

Originality/value

This study adds to the support for authentic instructional applications of course content in educator preparation programs, specifically in Professional Development School (partner school system) contexts. The aspect of observing and measuring intervention student progress was one lens through which pre-service teachers viewed their efficacy. Further investigations focusing on other assessment-instruction cycles could provide additional insights.
Geriatric health care in rural India: HR issues and public policy constraints
Authors: Jha Srirang Kumar , Jha Shweta , Mohapatra Amiya Kumar
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to emphasize the need for holistic geriatric health care in rural India. Many older people in Indian villages suffer from chronic ailments without any relief or intervention because of inaccessible and unaffordable health-care services. This paper explores how holistic health care can be assured for older people in Indian villages.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper is based on reflections of the authors who have had experiences as caregivers to older persons within their respective families rooted in the Indian villages. Besides, they interacted with 30 older persons (18 males and 12 females in the age group of 60–80 years) living in the villages in three states of India, namely, Haryana, Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh to develop a comprehensive viewpoint on the need of geriatric health care in rural India. Relevant reports, newspaper articles and research papers were also reviewed while developing viewpoints on such an important topic.

Findings

Geriatric health-care facilities in rural India are abysmal. The older people in the villages cannot leverage health-care facilities that are generally inaccessible, inadequate and unaffordable. Even the government support for medical treatment is minuscule. Furthermore, there is lack of trained health-care professionals at all levels, namely, doctors, nurses and paramedic personnel. Training opportunities in geriatrics are also negligible. The scenario vis-à-vis geriatric health care in rural India can be upturned by increasing public spending on health-care infrastructure, increasing numbers of health-care professionals and expanding training programmes in geriatrics.

Originality/value

This paper is based on the critical reflections of the authors as well as their informal interactions with some of the older people in the Indian villages.
COVER IMAGE
Authors: Liu Jichun , Wu Fei , Li Zhenhan , Zheng Shengwei , Huang Yanqiang , Chen Hao
Published: May 2024

The cover image is based on the Original Article Salvianic acid A sodium facilitates CMECs proliferation via enhancing HIF‐1α/VEGF signaling pathway post myocardial infarction by Jichun Liu et al., https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1681.13855.

image
Interest group resources, access, and influence: An empirical review
Authors: Whittlestone Jonas A. H. , Klitgaard Michael B.
Published: May 2024

Do informational and financial resources systematically secure interest group access and influence on public policy, and is one of these two resources politically more valuable than the other? Answering these questions is vital to understanding some of the drivers of political inequality and skewed influence associated with contemporary democratic politics. Focusing on two of the most commonly mobilized types of resources—money and information—this article reviews 60 studies on the topic. First, a qualitative synthesis shows that informational resources tend to be at least partially positively related to access and influence, while financial resources are more ambiguously associated with both outcomes. Second, a series of meta‐regressions support this conclusion since they tend toward showing that informational resources are significantly stronger associated with these outcomes than financial resources. Thus, these results paint a more nuanced picture than the literature suggesting that moneyed interests subvert democratic politics.
Gender gaps in the adoption of climate‐smart agricultural practices: Evidence from sub‐Saharan Africa
Authors: Hailemariam Abebe , Kalsi Jaslin , Mavisakalyan Astghik
Published: May 2024

In this paper we examine whether there are significant gender differences in the adoption of climate‐smart agricultural (CSA) practices in sub‐Saharan Africa. Using individual‐level data from four sites in Kenya, Uganda and Senegal, our empirical analysis provides robust evidence that men have a higher likelihood of adopting high‐return CSA practices including modern chemical fertiliser, improved high‐yielding varieties and drought/pest tolerant livestock practices. In contrast, women tend to have a higher likelihood of adopting low‐risk and low‐return traditional CSA practices such as water harvesting, crop covering, rangeland management and pest management. Our subsample analysis shows significant heterogeneity in the gender gap across countries. The results of the decomposition of the observed gender gap show that personal values and norms, access to weather and production information and farm characteristics are important factors that explain the gender differential in the likelihood of CSA adoption. Our findings imply that equalising access to key resources such as plots of land, information and decision making power will be crucial to close the gender gap in the adoption of CSA practices. This is particularly important given the differential impacts of climate change between men and women in sub‐Saharan Africa.
Taiwan inside‐out: Rescaling colonial constructions of Taiwan through a Tayal‐focused lens
Authors: Chen Yayut Yi‐shiuan , Howitt Richard
Published: May 2024

This research deals with issues of Indigeneity and autonomy in Taiwan by notionally turning things inside‐out. We aim to contextualise international geopolitics and local polity by considering the Tayal people, one of 16 nationally recognised Indigenous groups living in northern Taiwan. We reject the conventional geopolitical lens of Great Power claims as the only and best way to understand contemporary Taiwan and chooses to refocus and rescale the geopolitical lens. We seek to reconsider Taiwan’s history, geography, and territory by reference to the conceptual lenses that apply to Tayal peoples’ experiences. The research methods employed include geographical fieldwork, literature reviews, and archival studies. The research acknowledges Tayal people’s custodianship over their territory and provides an in‐depth discussion on the colonial history and geography of Taiwan. In the process, we unsettle what is taken‐for‐granted and rescale erasure, violence, and resistance in Indigenous Taiwan. In building a Tayal‐centred positionality, we reframe geopolitical dynamics as connections within territories and across boundaries rather than as disputes over deeply contested boundaries. Neither Tayal people nor other Indigenous peoples in Taiwan ever ceded their sovereignty. Regardless of any broader geopolitics shifts, Tayal territory remains just the way it always has—Tayal territory.
Ethanol‐induced lung and cardiac right ventricular inflammation and remodeling underlie progression to pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Donovan Mary Katherine , Abdel‐Rahman Abdel A.
Published: May 2024

Background

Current research on ethanol‐induced cardiovascular anomalies has focused on left ventricular (LV) function and blood pressure. To extend this area of research, we sought to determine whether ethanol‐induced alterations in the structure and function of the right cardiac ventricle (RV) and pulmonary artery (PA) lead to pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).

Methods

Two groups of male Sprague–Dawley rats received a balanced liquid diet containing 5% ethanol (w/v) or a pair‐fed isocaloric liquid diet for 8 weeks. Weekly echocardiography was conducted to evaluate cardiopulmonary function, and lung and RV tissues were collected for ex vivo histological and molecular studies.

Results

The ethanol‐treated rats exhibited: (1) Elevated mean pulmonary arterial pressure and decreased pulmonary artery acceleration time/ejection time; (2) Pulmonary vascular remodeling comprising intrapulmonary artery medial layer thickening; and (3) RV hypertrophy along with increased RV/LV + septum, RV diameter, RV cardiomyocyte cross‐sectional area, and LV mass/body weight ratio. These responses were associated with increased lung and RV pro‐inflammatory markers, endothelin‐1 (ET‐1), TNF‐α, and IL‐6 levels and higher ET‐1, ET‐1 type A/B receptor ratio, and downregulation of the cytoprotective protein, bone morphogenetic protein receptor 2 (BMPR2), in the lungs.

Conclusion

These findings show that moderate ethanol‐induced cardiopulmonary changes underlie progression to PAH via an upregulated proinflammatory ET1‐TNFα‐IL6 pathway and suppression of the anti‐inflammatory BMPR2.
How to hit the allergy target: A critical appraisal of intralymphatic immunotherapy with practical recommendations on ultrasound‐guided injections
Authors: Flory Stephan , Hviid‐Vyff Bjarke , Šošić Lara , Schmid Johannes M. , Ahlbeck Lars , Widmer Emma C. J. , Lang Claudia C. V. , Ikenberg Kristian , Kündig Thomas M. , Hoffmann Hans Jürgen , Johansen Pål
Published: May 2024

Background

Intralymphatic immunotherapy (ILIT) represents a promising novel approach treating allergic diseases. However, no standardized procedures or recommendations have been established or reported, despite the recognized fact that treatment efficacy relies on the ability to inject the allergen intranodally.

Objective

We aim to provide a critical appraisal of ILIT as a method of allergen immunotherapy and to deliver practical recommendations for accurate ILIT.

Methods

One hundred and seventy‐three ILIT injections were performed in 28 (47%) women and 32 (53%) men with median age of 29 years (21–59). The injections were ultrasound‐guided and recorded for retrospective analysis with respect to injection location, needle visibility, medication release, and patient characteristics.

Results

The results show that the correct positioning of the needle within the lymph node (LN) was most critical. If the whole length of the needle bevel was not inserted into the LN, substance backflush into the interstitium was observed. Selecting a more superficial LN and inserting the needle at a smaller angle towards the LN significantly improved needle visibility in the ultrasound. Longitudinal results showed that continuous practice significantly correlated with improved needle visibility and more accurate ILIT injections.

Conclusion

Based on our results and practical experience, we propose several recommendations for LN selection and the correct handling of ultrasound probe and needle. We are confident that ILIT standardization and training will be important as to meet the goals of good safety and efficacy of ILIT.
Family screening for neurodevelopmental problems and its associations with child cognitive function enable tailored treatment for childhood obesity
Authors: Dellenmark‐Blom Maria , Järvholm Kajsa , Sjögren Lovisa , Levinsson Anna , Dahlgren Jovanna
Published: May 2024

Aim

To identify neurodevelopmental disorders in children with obesity, and investigate associations to cognitive functions as well as parents' self‐reported neurodevelopmental problems.

Methods

Eighty children were included at two outpatient obesity clinics in Sweden 2018–2019. Of these, 50 children without previously diagnosed neurodevelopmental disorders were screened, and so were their parents. Children who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems were referred to a specialised psychiatry unit for further diagnosis. Test results of cognitive functioning were compared with the norm and between study groups by neurodevelopmental diagnoses.

Results

Of the screened families, 17/50 children were diagnosed by the psychiatric unit with attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and 15/82 parents screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems. Having a mother who screened positive for neurodevelopmental problems was associated with child ADHD (p < 0.05). The children's full‐scale intelligence quotient (92.86 ± 12.01, p < 0.001) and working memory index (90.62 ± 12.17, p < 0.001) were lower than the norm. Working memory index was lower in children with ADHD compared to without ADHD: 84.76 ± 9.58 versus 94.09 ± 12.29 (p ≤ 0.01). Executive constraints were associated with verbal deviances.

Conclusion

Increased awareness is needed about the overlap between neurodevelopmental problems and obesity in obesity clinics.
Editorial: Exploring the influence of diet on later‐onset ulcerative colitis—Are eggs and spicy foods the key factors in Asia? Authors' reply
Authors: Song Shuyao , Lv Jun , Li Liming , Pang Yuanjie
Published: May 2024

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Song et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17963 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17983
Should the Canadian Public Service Worry about the Polarization in the Perceptions of Social Problems?
Authors: Djontu Bruno Legrand , Charbonneau Étienne
Published: May 2024

This study analyzes the polarization of perceptions of social problems in Canada to assess if social issues polarization was an element of the environment (Hodgetts, 1964). We analyzed data from the Canadian Election Study collected between 1993 and 2021. We compare urban university‐educated and rural non‐university‐educated Canadians' opinions regarding their perceptions of certain social problems in Canada. Our results show that there are some disagreements between the two groups. However, the data and methods used do not allow us to confirm a trend towards polarization. Polarization over social problems is not yet shaping Canadian public administrations.
An unusual presentation of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: A case of fibrosarcomatous dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans with pleomorphic angiectatic tumor‐like changes
Authors: Yoshida Ken‐ichi , Fujii Junko , Honma Keiichiro , Nakai Sho
Published: May 2024

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) is a locally aggressive superficial mesenchymal neoplasm characterized by monomorphic spindle‐cell proliferation with a storiform pattern. It can demonstrate pigmentation, myxoid changes, myoid differentiation, plaque‐like growth, and fibrosarcomatous features; its varied presentation often complicates diagnosis. We report an extremely rare case of fibrosarcomatous DFSP with features reminiscent of a pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT) in a 73‐year‐old male. The diagnosis was confirmed using a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. To the best of our knowledge, PHAT‐like changes in DFPS have not been described so far. Therefore, this report provides a novel variant of DFSP and expands the differential diagnosis of DFSP and PHAT.
Social inequality in skills: Exploring the moderating role of extracurricular activities related to socio‐economic differences in non‐cognitive and cognitive outcomes
Authors: Palou Arnau , Ursin Piia Af , Demanet Jannick
Published: May 2024

Engaging in extracurricular activities is known to affect both cognitive and non‐cognitive outcomes, but there is social inequality in access to these activities. In this study, we examine the role of extracurricular activities in moderating the relationships between secondary school students' social background and their cognitive and non‐cognitive outcomes. Secondly, we examine variations in these relationships among three European cities that represent different educational systems in managing student heterogeneity. Based on the study findings, the effects of extracurricular activities on academic outcomes varied with regard to measured skills and the city of study. Extracurricular activities were related to enhanced interpersonal skills in all cities studied. However, in Turku and Ghent, extracurricular activities buffered the socio‐economic gradient in interpersonal skills, whereas in Barcelona, such activities increased it. Rather surprisingly, in all cities, engaging in extracurricular activities magnified the effect of socio‐economic status on cognitive skills.
Cooperative interactions between invader and resident microbial community members weaken the negative diversity‐invasion relationship
Authors: Vandermaesen Johanna , Daly Aisling J. , Mawarda Panji Cahya , Baetens Jan M. , De Baets Bernard , Boon Nico , Springael Dirk
Published: May 2024

The negative diversity‐invasion relationship observed in microbial invasion studies is commonly explained by competition between the invader and resident populations. However, whether this relationship is affected by invader‐resident cooperative interactions is unknown. Using ecological and mathematical approaches, we examined the survival and functionality of Aminobacter niigataensis MSH1 to mineralize 2,6‐dichlorobenzamide (BAM), a groundwater micropollutant affecting drinking water production, in sand microcosms when inoculated together with synthetic assemblies of resident bacteria. The assemblies varied in richness and in strains that interacted pairwise with MSH1, including cooperative and competitive interactions. While overall, the negative diversity‐invasion relationship was retained, residents engaging in cooperative interactions with the invader had a positive impact on MSH1 survival and functionality, highlighting the dependency of invasion success on community composition. No correlation existed between community richness and the delay in BAM mineralization by MSH1. The findings suggest that the presence of cooperative residents can alleviate the negative diversity‐invasion relationship.
“An Open Wound in the Body…”
Authors: Smith David Brandon
Published: May 2024

Ecumenical organizations have long agreed that human trafficking and modern slavery are consequences of human sin that, in the words of Pope Francis, have left “an open wound in the body of Christ and in all humanity.” While the ecumenical consensus against human trafficking and other forms of modern slavery remains strong, the discourse lacks clear definitions and, thus, focused engagement. To enrich ecumenical reflection on these phenomena, the prevailing discourse could be reframed through the contextualized, case‐based, and comparative lens of asymmetrical dependency theory. Consequently, this article surveys recent ecumenical pronouncements, clarifies relevant legal and definitional considerations, and asks whether it is time to take a “dependency turn” in ecumenical discourse on human trafficking and other forms of modern slavery.
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals 2D cytokine assay can model atopic dermatitis more accurately than immune‐competent 3D setup
Authors: Al Benjamin , Traidl Stephan , Holzscheck Nicholas , Freimooser Sina , Mießner Hendrik , Reuter Hendrik , Dittrich‐Breiholz Oliver , Werfel Thomas , Seidel Judith A.
Published: May 2024

Modelling atopic dermatitis (AD) in vitro is paramount to understand the disease pathophysiology and identify novel treatments. Previous studies have shown that the Th2 cytokines IL‐4 and IL‐13 induce AD‐like features in keratinocytes in vitro. However, it has not been systematically researched whether the addition of Th2 cells, their supernatants or a 3D structure is superior to model AD compared to simple 2D cell culture with cytokines. For the first time, we investigated what in vitro option most closely resembles the disease in vivo based on single‐cell RNA sequencing data (scRNA‐seq) obtained from skin biopsies in a clinical study and published datasets of healthy and AD donors. In vitro models were generated with primary fibroblasts and keratinocytes, subjected to cytokine treatment or Th2 cell cocultures in 2D/3D. Gene expression changes were assessed using qPCR and Multiplex Immunoassays. Of all cytokines tested, incubation of keratinocytes and fibroblasts with IL‐4 and IL‐13 induced the closest in vivo‐like AD phenotype which was observed in the scRNA‐seq data. Addition of Th2 cells to fibroblasts failed to model AD due to the downregulation of ECM‐associated genes such as POSTN. While keratinocytes cultured in 3D showed better stratification than in 2D, changes induced with AD triggers did not better resemble AD keratinocyte subtypes observed in vivo. Taken together, our comprehensive study shows that the simple model using IL‐4 or IL‐13 in 2D most accurately models AD in fibroblasts and keratinocytes in vitro, which may aid the discovery of novel treatment options.
CLDN1 knock out keratinocytes as a model to investigate multiple skin disorders
Authors: Arnold Kimberly A. , Moran Mary C. , Shi Huishan , van Vlijmen‐Willems Ivonne M. J. J. , Rodijk‐Olthuis Diana , Smits Jos P. H. , Brewer Matthew G.
Published: May 2024

The transmembrane protein claudin‐1 is critical for formation of the epidermal barrier structure called tight junctions (TJ) and has been shown to be important in multiple disease states. These include neonatal ichthyosis and sclerosing cholangitis syndrome, atopic dermatitis and various viral infections. To develop a model to investigate the role of claudin‐1 in different disease settings, we used CRISPR/Cas9 to generate human immortalized keratinocyte (KC) lines lacking claudin‐1 (CLDN1 KO). We then determined whether loss of claudin‐1 expression affects epidermal barrier formation/function and KC differentiation/stratification. The absence of claudin‐1 resulted in significantly reduced barrier function in both monolayer and organotypic cultures. CLDN1 KO cells demonstrated decreases in gene transcripts encoding the barrier protein filaggrin and the differentiation marker cytokeratin‐10. Marked morphological differences were also observed in CLDN1 KO organotypic cultures including diminished stratification and reduced formation of the stratum granulosum. We also detected increased proliferative KC in the basale layer of CLDN1 KO organotypic cultures. These results further support the role of claudin‐1 in epidermal barrier and suggest an additional role of this protein in appropriate stratification of the epidermis.
Care trajectories around a first dementia diagnosis in patients with serious mental illness
Authors: Dufour Isabelle , Brodeur Sébastien , Courteau Josiane , Roy Marc‐André , Vanasse Alain , Quesnel‐Vallee Amélie , Vedel Isabelle
Published: May 2024

Aim

To develop a typology of care trajectories (CTs) 1 year before and after a first dementia diagnosis in individuals aged ≥65 years, with prevalent schizophrenia or bipolar disorder.

Methods

This was a longitudinal, retrospective cohort study using health administrative data (1996–2016) from Quebec (Canada). We selected patients aged ≥65 years with an incident diagnosis of dementia between 1 January 2014 and 31 December 2016, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia and/or or bipolar disorder. A CT typology was generated by a multidimensional state sequence analysis based on the “6 W” model of CTs. Three dimensions were considered: the care setting (“where”), the reason for consultation (“why”) and the specialty of care providers (“which”).

Results

In total, 3868 patients were categorized into seven distinct types of CTs, with varying patterns of healthcare use and comorbidities. Healthcare use differed in terms of intensity, but also in its distribution around the diagnosis. For instance, whereas one group showed low healthcare use, healthcare use abruptly increased or decreased after the diagnosis in other groups, or was equally distributed. Other significant differences between CTs included mortality rates and use of long‐term care after the diagnosis. Most patients (67%) received their first dementia diagnosis during hospitalization.

Conclusions

Our innovative approach provides a unique insight into the complex healthcare patterns of people living with serious mental illness and dementia, and provides an avenue to support data‐driven decision‐making by highlighting fragility areas in allocating care resources. Geriatr Gerontol Int 2024; 24: 577–586.
Immunological isolation and characterization of neuronal progenitors from human dental pulp: A laboratory‐based investigation
Authors: McMillan Hayley P. , Lundy Fionnuala T. , Dunne Orla M. , McLoughlin Kiran John , About Imad , Curtis T. M. , El Karim Ikhlas
Published: May 2024

Aims

Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) contain a population of stem cells with a broad range of differentiation potentials, as well as more lineage‐committed progenitors. Such heterogeneity is a significant obstacle to experimental and clinical applications. The aim of this study is to isolate and characterize a homogenous neuronal progenitor cell population from human DPSCs.

Methodology

Polysialylated‐neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM+) neural progenitors were isolated from the dental pulp of three independent donors using magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS) technology. Immunofluorescent staining with a panel of neural and non‐neural markers was used to characterize the magnetically isolated PSA‐NCAM+ fraction. PSA‐NCAM+ cells were then cultured in Neurobasal A supplemented with neurotrophic factors: dibutyryl cyclic‐AMP, neurotrophin‐3, B27 and N2 supplements to induce neuronal differentiation. Both PSA‐NCAM+ and differentiated PSA‐NCAM+ cells were used in Ca2+ imaging studies to assess the functionality of P2X3 receptors as well as membrane depolarization.

Results

PSA‐NCAM+ neural progenitors were isolated from a heterogeneous population of hDPSCs using magnetic‐activated cell sorting and anti‐PSA‐NCAM MicroBeads. Flow cytometry analysis demonstrated that immunomagnetic sorting significantly increased the purity of PSA‐NCAM+ cells. Immunofluorescent staining revealed expression of pan‐neuronal and mature neuronal markers, PGP9.5 and MAP2, respectively, as well as weak expression of the mature sensory markers, peripherin and islet1. ATP‐induced response was mediated predominately by P2X3 receptors in both undifferentiated and differentiated cells, with a greater magnitude observed in the latter. In addition, membrane depolarizations were also detected in cells before and after differentiation when loaded with fast‐voltage‐responding fluorescent molecule, FluoVolt™ in response to potassium chloride. Interestingly, only differentiated PSA‐NCAM+ cells were capable of spontaneous membrane oscillations.

Conclusions

In summary, DPSCs contain a population of neuronal progenitors with enhanced neural differentiation and functional neural‐like properties that can be effectively isolated with magnetic‐activated cell sorting (MACS).
Phase equilibria of the Na2O‐TiO2‐SiO2 system between 900 and 1600°C in air
Authors: Santoso Imam , Sibarani David , Hidayat Taufiq , Zulhan Zulfiadi , Sukhomlinov Dmitry , Chen Min , Klemettinen Lassi , Taskinen Pekka , Lindberg Daniel , Jokilaakso Ari
Published: May 2024

The Na2O‐SiO2‐TiO2 system is important for the glass, ceramic, and metallurgical industries. Its features provide information on the composition and melting temperature to be utilized during the production of glass and ceramic and during the processing of TiO2‐bearing material in the metallurgical industry. The liquidus temperatures between 900 and 1600°C in the ternary system at saturation of solid SiO2, TiO2, Na2Ti6O13, Na2SiTiO5, and Na2Ti3O7 were measured using the equilibration‐quenching energy‐dispersive X‐ray spectroscopy/Electron Probe Microanalyzer technique. A wide range of liquidus compositions were obtained with Na2O between 0 and 41.7 mol% in the SiO2‐ and TiO2‐rich regions. The present study provides liquidus data at 1500 and 1600°C for the first time. Liquidus temperatures at various double saturations were also obtained in the present investigation to determine univariant lines in the phase diagram. The present experimental data were compared with previous investigations and computed phase diagrams. The data obtained in the present investigation can be employed to optimize the thermodynamic properties and phase diagrams of the Na2O‐SiO2‐TiO2 system.
Exploring the relationship between illness perception, self‐management and quality of life among HIV‐positive men who have sex with men
Authors: Wang Xu , Xu He , Zhang Yao , Zeng Jing , Liu Cong , Luo Rui , Zhong Haidan , Cai Weiping , Li Linghua , Gu Jing
Published: May 2024

Aims

This study aimed to explore the mediating effect of self‐management (SM) on the relationship between illness perception and quality of life (QOL) among Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)‐positive men who have sex with men (MSM).

Design

A cross‐sectional study.

Methods

We explored the effect of illness perception and self‐management on QOL using the multiple regression model. Moreover, we conducted a simple mediation analysis to examine the role of SM in the relationship between illness perception and QOL. In addition, a parallel mediation analysis was performed to investigate the differences in domains of SM on the relationship between illness perception and QOL.

Results

Among 300 Chinese HIV‐positive MSM, the mean score of SM was 39.9 ± 6.97, with a range of 14.0–54.0. The higher score in SM indicated a higher level of HIV SM. SM was negatively related to illness perception (r = −0.47) while positively related to QOL (r = 0.56). SM partially mediated the relationship between illness perception and QOL, accounting for 25.3% of the total effect. Specifically, both daily self‐management health practices and the chronic nature of the self‐management domain played a parallel role in mediating the relationship between illness perception and QOL.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that SM was a significant factor influencing QOL among HIV‐positive MSM. Focusing on daily self‐management health practices and the chronic nature of self‐management could be the potential key targets for enhancing HIV self‐management strategies.

Implications for the Profession and/or Patient Care

This study emphasized the role of SM in the well‐being of HIV‐positive MSM and underscored the importance of developing interventions that integrate SM strategies to improve QOL in this population.

Patient or Public Contribution

No patient or public contribution.
Estimation of genetic parameters for maintenance energy requirements and residual feed intake in Nellore cattle
Authors: Sainz Roberto D. , Baldi Fernando , Temp Larissa Bordin , Ribeiro Luciano B.
Published: May 2024

We estimated heritabilities and genetic and phenotypic correlation estimates for maintenance energy requirements (NEmR), residual feed intake (RFI), growth, carcass and reproductive indicator traits, using data from 41 feed efficiency trials in Brazil, comprising 4381 males and females. Continuous traits were analysed using a linear animal model and threshold traits were analysed using a threshold animal model. The heritability estimates were low for RFI (0.190) and NEmR (0.193); other heritabilities were mainly moderate (growth and carcass traits) or high (sexual precocity traits). The genetic correlation of RFI with NEmR was high (0.701). The genetic correlations of NEmR were low with carcass and reproductive traits, and moderate with growth traits. Thus, selection to improve weaning weight and female sexual precocity indicator traits would not affect maintenance energy requirement. Genetic selection to reduce maintenance energy requirements is feasible and would also reduce DMI and RFI. Selection to improve RFI can be used to identify animals with lower maintenance energy requirements. Long‐term selection to reduce RFI and NEmR would have favourable effects on yearling weight, carcass muscle indicator traits and female sexual precocity. Genetic (co)variance component estimates for NEmR, in conjunction with economic values of selection criteria, may be used to develop novel approaches for genetic selection to improve efficiency of beef production.
Consensus report of the second European Consensus Workshop on Education in Periodontology
Authors: Herrera David , Chapple Iain , Jepsen Søren , Berglundh Tord , Tonetti Maurizio S. , Kebschull Moritz , Sculean Anton , Papapanou Panos N. , Sanz Mariano ,   *EFP workshop participants
Published: May 2024

Background

The second European Consensus Workshop on Education in Periodontology was commissioned, as a result of the changes in the discipline and the advances in educational methods/technology, to update the 2009 Consensus report of the first European Federation of Periodontology (EFP) Workshop on the same topic that was jointly authored by the Association for Dental Education in Europe.

Aim

To identify and propose changes necessary in periodontal education at three levels, namely undergraduate, specialist and continuing professional development (CPD), with respect to learning outcomes, competencies and methods of learning/training and evaluation.

Methods

Four working groups (WGs) considered education in periodontology at the undergraduate, specialist and CPD levels, and education methods. Four commissioned position papers, one per WG, summarized the relevant information. Workshop participants gathered at an in‐person consensus meeting to discuss the individual reviews, and this consensus report summarizes the conclusions.

Results

The learning outcomes for undergraduate and specialist education in periodontology have been updated, and a proposal for learning outcomes for CPD programmes was made. Learning/teaching/training and evaluation methods were proposed for each level of education, which included face‐to‐face, virtual and blended learning methods.

Conclusion

Developments in oral/dental medicine and in contemporary educational technologies have been translated into updated learning outcomes and learning/teaching/ training/evaluation methods relevant to education in periodontology.
Extraction of bioactive compounds from Vitex megapotamica: A study and selection of variables
Authors: Monteiro Larissa Karla , Fischer Carolina , Bettanin Luana , Rigo Elisandra , Sehn Georgia Ane Raquel , Zanella Odivan , Cavalheiro Darlene
Published: May 2024

Fruits are widely used to obtain and study bioactive compounds. Among them, the tarumã (Vitex megapotamica) is still understudied. The extraction of bioactive compounds from the powdered pulp of the ripe fruit of the tarumã was studied from the selection of several variables of the extraction process through the experimental design Plackett–Burman: the pH, the solid:liquid ratio, agitation, and temperature in an extraction time of 3 h. The extracts obtained were evaluated for antioxidant activity by 2,2′‐azino‐bis‐(3‐ethylbenzothiazoline‐6‐sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2‐diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and for total phenolic compounds, as well as the presence of flavonoids, anthocyanins, carotenoids, and identification of bioactive compounds was assessed by high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Using the experimental design, the best extraction condition was defined with a pH of 5, solid:liquid ratio of 1:30, stirring at 100 rpm, with a temperature of 80°C, obtaining 104.21 mg Gallic Acid Equivalent (GAE) 100 g−1 for phenolic compounds total, 742.71 μmol Trolox g−1 for ABTS, and EC50 of 2884.98 mg L−1 for DPPH. From HPLC, the presence of fumaric acid, gallic acid, p‐coumaric acid, and caffeic acid in the extracts was detected. Regarding flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, the values obtained were 6.38 mg ECG g−1, 1.67 mg ECG g−1, and 2.89 mg 100 g−1, respectively. The selection of extraction conditions allowed obtaining better levels of bioactive compounds in the powdered pulp of tarumã extract, even with the use of water as a solvent, to avoid the presence of chemical residues in the extract, with antioxidant potential and viability for application in food products.

Practical applications

Recent research suggests a change in perspective regarding the consumption of healthier foods from plants and fruits that have important health properties. In this regard, tarumã (Vitex megapotamica) fruit has been standing out as a potential source of bioactive compounds with significant medicinal properties. The extracts obtained have a significant amount of phenolic compounds, as well as the presence of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and carotenoids, in which all of these have great potential bioactive activities. Thus, a good methodology of extraction and characterization of tarumã extract becomes a crucial part of any food, chemical, or pharmaceutical industry sector. In this regard, the present study with experimental design Plackett–Burman extraction is the way ahead due to high bioactive retention and the cost implications of the process.