bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of Cerebrovascular Disease at Dhulikhel Hospital
Authors: Pokharel Babu Ram , Pant P , Gurung R , Koju R , Bedi TRS , Pathak M
Published: August 2013

A stroke is the rapidly developing loss of brain function due to disturbance in the blood supply to the brain. It is a medical emergency that requires rapid diagnosis and treatment. The availability of CT Scan has made it easier for early diagnosis and intervention. The aim of this study was to identify the risk factors (eg. hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking) commonly seen in patients admitted in the hospital with stroke along with age group, sex distribution, duration of stay in the hospital and the occupancy of stroke patients admitted in medical ward. A total of 51 stroke patient were admitted in medical ward in the review period. CT scan was used to dif­ferentiate hemorrhagic from ischemic stroke. Patients were analyzed in terms of risk factors (like hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cigarette smoking) along with age and sex. In case of ischemic stroke along with CT Scan, ECG, Echocardiography, Carotid Doppler was done accordingly. Out of 2307 total admissions in medical ward, 51 cases (2.2%) were stroke patients. Among the stroke cases, 59% constituted male and 41% female. Similarly around 25% of the total cases were Dia­betic / Hypertensive both or alone, 35% of the total cases were smokers, 48.6% of the cases were in the 51-70 age groups. 61% stayed in the hospital for 5 days or less. Cerebrovascular disease carries a lot of financial, physical, social and emotional implications. If we can address the modifiable risk factors, we can reduce the incidence of stroke. Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 40-43 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8501
Initial Experience of Transesophageal Echocardiography in NAMS Bir Hospital
Authors: Shah Ram Kishor
Published: August 2013

A retrospective study of patients undergoing trans esophageal echocardiogram was conducted in Bir Hospital, from April 2008 to March 2010. A total of 51 patients were included in the study. Among the 51 patients 29 (56.8%) were female and 22 (43.2%) were male. Mean age was 38 +/- 15.1 (range 12-77 years). The improved resolution and anatomic detail provided by TEE makes it such a powerful diagnostic tool. TEE is a safe outpatient procedure. Viscous two percent lidocaine topical anesthesia was adequate for the procedure. Common indication for TEE was to confirm Atrial septal defect and Left atrial clot. Complications of TEE were very few. In this study most common problems were nausea and vomiting in 22 cases (43.1%) during procedure. Sore throat was in 3 cases(5.8%) after the procedure. Ventricular premature contractions were seen in I case(1.9%). Nepalese Heart Journal | Volume 7 | No.1 | November 2010 (special issue) | Page 44-47 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njh.v7i1.8502
Informed Consent for Dental Treatment: A Survey on Dental Practitioners Perception, Awareness and Understanding
Authors: Khan MAI , Taleb A
Published: August 2013

A survey was conducted on dental surgeons perception of ethics concerning informed consent. Forty-six dentists employed in different private and government dental colleges and private dental clinics, responded to a questionnaire, which contained ten questions related to the ethics of informed consent. The Study revealed that the dentists were aware of legal and ethical issues related to informed consent, and majority of them relied on verbal consent (82.6%) rather than a written consent for any form of treatment. All the dentists (100%) agreed to the importance of informed consent for patients, and almost all the participants (97%) agreed that patients hold the right to refuse treatment or take legal action if they were not informed properly, although 19% of the participants did not consider failure in obtaining informed consent as an offence. Sixty-three percent of the participants did not agree to the notion that a written consent would make dentistry difficult while the remaining 37% feared that dentistry would be difficult if written consent was made mandatory. The survey also revealed that participants were keen to learn more about principles of medical ethics and felt ethics be taught more elaborately in the undergraduate level. In conclusion it was suggested that dentists should obtain a written consent for ethical reason or legal safeguard or at least keep a written account of the type of consent given by the patient.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16241 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 31-35
The Proportion of Periodontal Diseases among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in a Selected Area of Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Mahmud Shaikh Zakir , Alif Sheikh Mohammad , Tarafder Monowar Ahmad , Hossain Sarder Mahmud
Published: August 2013

This descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted to find out the proportions of periodontal diseases among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at National Healthcare Network (NHN) Mirpur Centre, Dhaka, Bangladesh using a pre-tested modified interviewer administrated semi structured questionnaire having purposively selected 120 samples. The study showed that 34.2% and 28.3% of the respondents were in the age group of 36 to 45 years and 46 to 55 years respectively with the mean age 46.95±10.31. Proportions of periodontitis were the highest approximately 56% followed by gingivitis was 32.5%. A highly significant association found between education level of the respondents and knowledge about cleaning teeth before going to bed and after breakfast (p=0.000). More than half of the respondents (55%) applied improper technique or method of tooth brushing followed by 39.2% applied mixed technique and the rest of 5.8% applied proper technique respectively. Although there was no significant relationship found between current smoker and periodontal diseases, chewing betel leaf was significantly associated with the occurrence of periodontal diseases (p=0.048). Multivariate logistic regression was also reveled this relationship. These periodontal diseases are multi-factorial diseases and the factors responsible for these diseases are preventable.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16242 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 36-41
Status of Learning Communication Skills in Undergraduate Medical Education According to Intern's View
Authors: Alam Abu Saleh Mohammed Monirul , Haque Farhana , Ansari Jamil Ahmed , Amin Mohammad Soheilul , Talukder Humayun Kabir
Published: August 2013

This cross sectional descriptive study was done from July 2010-June 2011, in four medical college of Dhaka city. Two government and two private medical colleges were selected according to the convenience of the researcher. One semi structured questionnaire was used to collect the information from the Intern doctors. It contained 26 questions from the variables of communication skills. Researcher himself collected all the data. 218 Intern doctors return the filled up questionnaires on the same day. Allocation of score for response of each item was based on 5 point Likert scale. Study revealed that most of the interns were not taught communication skills in their clinical classes in structured way. But in internship period they felt that those should have taught in structured way. They recommended to teach it as a part of curriculum so every student have equal opportunity to learn these skills.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16243 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 42-46
The Evaluation of Cardiac Emergency Management in National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Saha Arup Kumar , Al Mamun Shaik Abdullah , Das Diti Rani , Almajidi Wahedul Alam , Khan Most. Shahana Afroge , Hasan SM Sadequl , Nasrin Farhana
Published: August 2013

Emergency department is one of the most important part of the hospital and also vulnerable to criticism. The reputation of a hospital rests to a large extent on the service of emergency department. The sudden and unexpected nature on the emergency produces panic and psychological disturbances to the relatives, which must be valued and borne in mind during organization and management of services. A descriptive type of cross sectional study was conducted at Emergency Department of National Institute of Cardiovascular Hospital, Dhaka to evaluate the existing facilities, waiting time for the patients for receiving treatment, emergency referral rate and availability of health personnel, overall management and patients suggestion to improve the services of the emergency department. A total of 150 patients were interviewed by a structured questionnaire and a checklist was utilized for equipments and drugs. It was observed that the mean age 49.49 years. About 38.7% patients were attended by doctor within 6-10 minutes. Shifting of the patients form emergency department to another hospital was 12%.  87.3% patients were satisfied with time to complete treatment. In emergency department 69.3%   patients were satisfied with reception facility, 89.3% patients were satisfied with given treatment, 92% patients were satisfied with doctors service and 74% patients were satisfied with the service of the support staff. About 90% patients were satisfied with overall management. The findings of cardiac emergency services obtained through check-list were fairly comparable with the opinions expressed by the patients. For further management of emergency department patients gave suggestion for arrangement of waiting room and toilet facility, X-ray and other laboratory facility for emergency patient should be made available for all the duty shift, drugs should be supply adequately and on regular basis. They suggested for augmentation of the equipments, drugs and security and other facilities and recruitment of some trained service providers. According to the patients the Emergency Department is well-studded to manage most of the cardiac emergencies. However, specific problems identified by different stakeholders need to be critically appraised by the authority to improve the services further.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16245 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 52-57
The Ozone: Protecting the Oral Environment
Authors: Srivastava Rahul , Jyoti Bhuvan , Thimmarasa VB , Mehrotra Vishal
Published: August 2013

Oxygen/ozone therapy is a term that describes a number of different practices in which oxygen, ozone, or hydrogen peroxide are administered via gas or water to kill disease microorganisms, improve cellular function, and promote the healing of damaged tissues. Ozone gas is immunostimulating, potent analgesic, detoxicating, antimicrobial, bioenergetics and biosynthetic properties as it causes activation of the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and lipids. The use of ozone has been advocated in Medical and Dental science due to its excellent antimicrobial, disinfectant and effervescent properties. The purpose of this article is to review the therapeutic applications of ozonated products in dentistry.DOI: http://doi.dx.org/10.3329/bjdre.v2i2.16246 Bangladesh Journal of Dental Research & Education Vol.2(2) 2012: 58-61
Diagnosis of Helicobactor pylori in Bangladesh: Limited Options and Utility of Serologic Test
Authors: Rahman Mohammed Masudur , Rowshon AHM , Rahim Sayeda
Published: August 2013

Abstract not available DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16195 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):1-2
Clinlcopathological Study of Ovarian Cancer: A Multi Centered Study
Authors: Deeba Farzana , Alam ABM Muksudul , Banu Jesmin
Published: August 2013

Background: Ovarian cancer is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The purpose of the present study was to find out clinic-demographic and histopathological variants of ovarian cancer. Methodology: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at four largest tertiary care Hospitals in Dhaka city from January 2008 to December 2009. Clinically diagnosed and histopathologically confirmed ovarian cancer patients were included in this study. Result: Histopathological confirmed 28 patients of ovarian cancer were enrolled in this study. The mean age (±SD) was 40.6 (±12.5) years (Range 13 to 63 years). Lower abdominal lump (71.4%) was the most common symptoms. Family history (14.0%) and multiparty (53.0%) were also associated with ovarian cancer. Among 28 malignant tumors cases serious cyst adenocarcinoma (57.1%) was the most common followed by mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma (17.9%), dysgerminoma (7.1%), adenocarcinoma of ovary (7.1%), ovarian choriocarcinoma (3.6%) and endometriod adeno carcinoma (3.6%). High serum CA125 was found in 78.0% cases. Conclusion: Lower abdominal lump, multiparity and positive family history are the common clinical findings of ovarian cancer. Both serous and mucinous cyst adenocarcinoma are the common varient of ovarian cancer found in this study. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16196 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):3-6
Prevalence of Ciprofloxacin Resistance among Gram-Negative Bacilli Isolated From Different Specimens at a General Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Hossain Mohammad Afzal , Mohal Shirin , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Islam Md Saiful , Islam Md Rafiqul , Roy Sushmita
Published: August 2013

Background: Resistance among the different classes of antimicrobials including fluoroquinolones has arisen in a multitude of bacterial species in the hospitals and in the community. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to measure the prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance as well as to evaluate the susceptibility pattern of the isolates to various antibiotics. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology at a General Hospital in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia from July'2009 to December'2009. Different clinical specimens were collected and culture was done in the appropriate media. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed. Gram negative bacterial isolates with decreased susceptibility to ciprofloxacin were tested for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) by using the E-test. Results: A total of 1246 gram-negative bacilli (GNB) were isolated from different specimens of which 486(39.0%) isolates were resistant to ciprofloxacin. The MIC of these isolates ranged from 4 to 32 ?g/ml. Most of the Ciprofloxacin resistant isolates were from urinary tract infections. Conclusion: The prevalence of ciprofloxacin resistance in different specimens is high. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16197 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):7-10
Women with Abnormal Endometrial Pathology: Experienced at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Showkat Mst Syeeda , Khondker Lubna , Nabi Shahryar , Bhowmik Bishwajit
Published: August 2013

Background: Transvaginal sonography is superior to transabdominal sonography in most cases of pelvic pathology. Objective: This study was undertaken to see the clinicalpathological characteristics of endometrial hyperplasia. Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out from January 2007 to December 2008 for a period of two years. All suspected cases of endometrial hyperplasia were included for this study. Transvaginal sonography (TVS) performed and confirmation was done by histopathological examination. Result: A total number of 40 cases were enrolled for this study. The most common diagnosed endometrial pathology was endometrial hyperplasia which was 42.5% cases. Endometrial polyp was diagnosed in 32.5% cases. Endometrial carcinoma was in 7.5% patients and submucosal fibroid was in 10.0%. Conclusion: Endometrial hyperplasia is the most common disease among the women presented with endometrial pathology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16198 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):11-13
Association between Child Diarrhea and Maternal Depression
Authors: Milad Grace , Izzeldin Saria , Tofail Fahmida , Ahmed Tahmeed , Hakim Maliha , Khalil Ibrahim , Petri William A
Published: August 2013

CORRECTION: The following authors were added to this paper on 11/10/2013: Grace Milad; Saria Izzeldin; Tahmeed Ahmed; William A. Petri.The author Mohammad Ibrahim Khalil was changed to Ibrahim KhalilBackground: Maternal depression has been found to be associated with increased diarrheal incidence and childhood malnutrition. Objective: The purpose of the present study was to observe whether the Self- Reporting Qustinative (SRQ-20) questionnaire was sensitive enough to pick-up the depressive symptoms of mothers in the urban slum community. Methodology: This was a pilot study in a Dhaka Shantytown and women were interviewed to examine the relationship between maternal depression and their children's diarrheal morbidity. In addition to other socio-demographic information, the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) was used to screen for maternal depression. Result: A total number of 55 women were interviewed to examine fifty-one percent of mothers scored within the high-risk psycho-morbidity group, suggesting depression. High SRQ scores significantly correlated with poor marital relationships (Regression coefficient ± standard error =-0.624+0.225, p=0.008; 95%CI:-1.076, -0.172). High-risk mothers breastfed for a shorter duration than low-risk mothers (3.4 vs. 4.4 months, p=0.35) and their children had more diarrheal episodes (2 episodes vs. 1, p=0.18), although these differences did not show statistical significance. Conclusion: Depression is common among mothers in urban slums and that a well-designed large study is required to further explore the provocative relationship between maternal depression and child diarrhea with subsequent malnutrition to improve the quality of life of those at risk. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16199 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):14-20
Association between High Serum Homocystine and Preeclampsia
Authors: Ferdausi Munira , Khatun Mahmuda , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Rahman Aurin , Rahman Zara
Published: August 2013

Background: Hyperhomocysteinemia is an important biological marker for adverse outcome of pregnancy. Objective: The aim of the present study was to see the association of high serum homocysteine with preeclampsia (PE). Methodology: This cross sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Sir Salimullah Medical College & Mitford Hospital, Dhaka. All pregnant women with or without eclampsia admitted at the hospital were included in this study. Pregnant women with diabetes mellitus, chronic hypertension, multiple pregnancies, chronic renal disease and patients taking anti-folate drugs were excluded from this study. Fasting serum total homocysteine (tHomocysteine) concentration was estimated by Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay (FPIA) method. Result: A total number of 50 PE patient [Severe PE (23) & Mild PE (27)] and 50 pregnant women without PE were selected purposively. Fasting serum total homocysteine (tHomocysteine) concentration was estimated by fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA) method. Mean serum homocysteine concentration in severe PE, mild PE and pregnant women without PE were 11.5 4.58 mol/L, 10.43 5.12 and 5.70 1.30 respectively. Serum homocysteine was significantly increased in severe PE and mild PE in comparison to without PE group . Howere severe PE and mild PE group cases did not differ with respect to serum homocysteine. Conclusion: Significant positive correlation was found between serum homocysteine concentration and urinary total protein, uric acid level, systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16200 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):21-25
Laboratory Profiles of Pleural effusion Collected from Children: Experience at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Hasan Mahmudul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Matin Abdul , Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Karim AKM Rezaul , Mowla Md Golam , Islam Md Reazul
Published: August 2013

Background: Pleural effusion occurs in many reasons. Laboratory tests are necessary to find out the causes. Objective: This study was an attempt to know the laboratory findings of pleural effusion. Methodology: This cross-sectional study of thirty (30) admitted cases with pleural effusion confirmed by chest radiography and aspiration of pleural fluid from one (1) year to twelve (12) years age of either sex were collected purposively. This study was carried out from July 2009 to February 2010 in the Department of Pediatrics at Rajshahi Medical College Hospital. All information were recorded in pre tested semi structured questionnaire. Results: Color of pleural fluid was straw in 56.7%, clear in 30.0%, blood stained in 13.3%. In this study, lymphocyte predominance among 56.7% cases, acid fast bacilli in 3.3% cases and raised protein of more than 3gm/dl and sugar less then 60mg/dl in 93.3% cases in pleural fluid. Conclusion: In almost all cases protein is raised and sugar is less in pleural fluid. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16201 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):26-27
Use of Lubricant at Meatus and Circumcision Site in Younger Children Prevent Post Circumcision Meatal Stenosis : A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Mondal Susankar Kumar , Ali Md Ansar , Alam Md Kausar , Hasina Kaniz , Talukder Abdur Rabban , Yusuf Md Abdullah , Khan Jaglul Gaffer
Published: August 2013

Background: Circumcision is the most common surgical procedure performed in boys through out the world. Meatal stenosis is one of its late complications. Objective: The aim of the present study is to see the effectiveness of use of lubricants vaseline-petrelium jelly) during arumcision meatal stenosis. Methodology: A randomized control trial was performed, in which two groups of boys younger than two years old underwent circumcision according to dissection (sleeve) method. The parents in the study groups were strictly instructed to use petroleum jelly on the meatus and circumcision site at every morning or after each diaper change where necessary for three months. On the other hand parents in the control group were instructed not to use any lubricants or topical medication on the same site. The boys were followed up regularly and evaluated for meatal stenosis, bleeding and infection. Results: A total of 120 boys were recruited & in each group comprised of 60 boys. None of the boys in the study group develop meatal stenosis , but 6(10%) in the control group develop meatal stenosis (p< 0.05 ). Infection of the circumcision site was seen in 1 (0.6%) and 3 (5%) children in the lubricant and control groups, respectively (p<0.05) and bleeding was seen in 3 (5.0%) and 6(10.0%) respectively. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it seems logical to use a lubricant jelly for prevention of post circumcision meatal stenosis and other complications. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16204 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):35-38
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumor in Sigmoid Colon at a Tertiary Care Hospital: A Case Report
Authors: Saha Pankaj Kumar , Roy Ratna , Saha Haridas , Rahman Md Mamunur , Haq Mohammad Mahmudul , Bulbul Surayea
Published: August 2013

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) are the mesenchymal tumors representing the most common mesenchymal neoplasm of gastrointestinal tract. However, GIST is recognized tumor entity and the literature on these stromal tumors has rapidly expanded. This present case report has been found in Dhaka at a tertiary care hospital in a male patient. The patient was operated at the local area before admitted at this hospital where he was misdiagnosed. In this hospital the diagnosis was confirmed by histopathologically. Surgical resection was performed laparoscopically by a skilled surgical team. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16224 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):59-62
Adult Colo-Colic Intussusception Induced By a Lipoma Masquerading As a Sigmoid Polyp on Colonoscopy: A Case Report
Authors: Nabi Junaid , Akhter SM Quamrul , Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Jahan Nelema , Rahman Md Mamunur
Published: August 2013

Intussusception in adults is rare, accounting for only 5% of all cases of intussusceptions and only 1% of bowel obstruction. Preoperative diagnosis is often difficult due to non specific symptoms and subacute nature. This case report was a per-operatively diagnosed adult colo-colic intussusception induced by a lipoma which mimicked a sigmoid polyp on colonoscopy. A 40-year-old Bengali woman was admitted with two weeks history of colicky lower abdominal pain. Ultrasound abdomen was unremarkable. Colonoscopy revealed a moderately enlarged sigmoid polyp at 25 cm from the anal verge. A midline incision laparotomy was performed only to reveal a colo-colic intussusception. The intussusception was reduced and the patient underwent a segmental resection of the involved bowel. Histological evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of lipoma of the colon. The patient however satisfactory recovery and remains well six months after surgery. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16226 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):72-74
Capsule-strip- An Unusual Cause of Acute Gastric Outlet Obstruction: A Case-Report
Authors: Rowshon AHM , Uddin AKM Rafique
Published: August 2013

A male patient presented with seven days history of severe epigastric colicky pain and vomiting. The patient was anxious and dehydrated. Blood tests and ultrasound reports were unremarkable. . Upper Gastrointestinal (GI) Endoscopy revealed a strip of capsule impacted at pyloric ring which was removed endoscopically and the patient became symptom free. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16252 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):67-68
Essential Hypertension in Ten & Half Years Old Boy: A Case Report
Authors: Roy Ranjit Ranjan , Qader Md Abdul , Matin Abdul , Islam Md Rafiqul , Begum Afroza
Published: August 2013

Childhood hypertension (HTN) is important cause of morbidity and mortality. Most of the cases of childhood HTN are secondary to an underlying disorder. In this case report a ten & half yr old boy presented with neck pain associated with headache. Both of his parents are hypertensive. Most of the time he spent at home playing games in computer and watching television. On examination, blood pressure (BP) was 140/95 mm of Hg which was above 99th percentile for his age and height. Examination of eyes and other systems revealed normal. Ultrasonography of abdomen was normal, colour Doppler ultrasonography of renal vessels showed normal, and CT scan of abdomen was also normal including normal adrenal gland and sympathetic chain. Then the child was treated with tab. losartan potassium, then gradually BP become bellow 90th percentile. Ultimately the child was discharged when his blood pressure was 100/70 mm of Hg, which was on 50th percentile with counselling and advised for follow up. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jssmc.v5i1.16253 J Shaheed Suhrawardy Med Coll, 2013;5(1):69-71
Global Change and Helminth Infections in Grazing Ruminants in Europe: Impacts, Trends and Sustainable Solutions
Authors: Morgan Eric , Charlier Johannes , Hendrickx Guy , Biggeri Annibale , Catalan Dolores , Von Samson-Himmelstjerna Georg , Demeler Janina , Müller Elizabeth , Van Dijk Jan , Kenyon Fiona , Skuce Philip , Höglund Johan , O'Kiely Padraig , Van Ranst Bonny , De Waal Theo , Rinaldi Laura , Cringoli Giuseppe , Hertzberg Hubertus , Torgerson Paul , Wolstenholme Adrian , Vercruysse Jozef
Published: August 2013

Infections with parasitic helminths (nematodes and trematodes) represent a significant economic and welfare burden to the global ruminant livestock industry. The increasing prevalence of anthelmintic resistance means that current control programmes are costly and unsustainable in the long term. Recent changes in the epidemiology, seasonality and geographic distribution of helminth infections have been attributed to climate change. However, other changes in environment (e.g., land use) and in livestock farming, such as intensification and altered management practices, will also have an impact on helminth infections. Sustainable control of helminth infections in a changing world requires detailed knowledge of these interactions. In particular, there is a need to devise new, sustainable strategies for the effective control of ruminant helminthoses in the face of global change. In this paper, we consider the impact of helminth infections in grazing ruminants, taking a European perspective, and identify scientific and applied priorities to mitigate these impacts. These include the development and deployment of efficient, high-throughput diagnostic tests to support targeted intervention, modelling of geographic and seasonal trends in infection, more thorough economic data and analysis of the impact of helminth infections and greater translation and involvement of end-users in devising and disseminating best practices. Complex changes in helminth epidemiology will require innovative solutions. By developing and using new technologies and models, the use of anthelmintics can be optimised to limit the development and spread of drug resistance and to reduce the overall economic impact of helminth infections. This will be essential to the continued productivity and profitability of livestock farming in Europe and its contribution to regional and global food security.
Energy-Efficient Technologies and the Building’s Saleable Floor Area: Bust or Boost for Highly-Efficient Green Construction?
Authors: Zalejska-Jonsson Agnieszka , Lind Hans , Hintze Staffan
Published: August 2013

When the external measurements of a building are fixed, an increase in external wall thickness caused by additional insulation, for example, will lead to loss of saleable floor area. This issue has to be taken into account in the evaluation of investment profitability. This paper examines how technologies used in energy-efficient residential building construction affect the available saleable floor area and how this impacts profitability of investment. Using a modeled building and an analysis of the average construction cost, we assessed losses and gains of saleable floor area in energy-efficient buildings. The analysis shows that the impact of potential losses or gains of saleable floor area should be taken into account when comparing investment alternatives: building energy-efficient green dwellings or building conventional ones. The results indicate that constructing energy-efficient buildings and introducing very energy-efficient technologies may be energy- and cost-effective even compared with conventional buildings. Employing new products in energy-efficient construction allows benefit to be drawn from lower energy consumption during the life cycle of the building, but also from the increase in saleable floor area.
Visual Analysis for Nowcasting of Multidimensional Lightning Data
Authors: Peters Stefan , Meng Liqiu
Published: August 2013

Globally, most weather-related damages are caused by thunderstorms. Besides floods, strong wind, and hail, one of the major thunderstorm ground effects is lightning. Therefore, lightning investigations, including detection, cluster identification, tracking, and nowcasting are essential. To enable reliable decisions, current and predicted lightning cluster- and track features as well as analysis results have to be represented in the most appropriate way. Our paper introduces a framework which includes identification, tracking, nowcasting, and in particular visualization and statistical analysis of dynamic lightning data in three-dimensional space. The paper is specifically focused on enabling users to conduct the visual analysis of lightning data for the purpose of identification and interpretation of spatial-temporal patterns embedded in lightning data, and their dynamics. A graphic user interface (GUI) is developed, wherein lightning tracks and predicted lightning clusters, including their prediction certainty, can be investigated within a 3D view or within a Space-Time-Cube. In contrast to previous work, our approach provides insight into the dynamics of past and predicted 3D lightning clusters and cluster features over time. We conclude that an interactive visual exploration in combination with a statistical analysis can provide new knowledge within lightning investigations and, thus, support decision-making in weather forecast or lightning damage prevention.
Silaffins of Diatoms: From Applied Biotechnology to Biomedicine
Authors: Pamirsky Igor , Golokhvast Kirill
Published: August 2013

Silaffins are involved in the formation of the cell walls of diatoms. It is known that silaffins can precipitate silica in vitro, forming nano- and micro-particles in the shape of spheres and plates containing many pores. It is important to note that the deposition of silica and the particle morphology in the presence of silaffins affects chemical and physical agents (e.g., peptides, polyamines, phosphate, nitrogen, and the mechanical changes of the reaction mixture). It is believed that silaffins act as an organic matrix for silica-genesis and that silica pore size should reflect the pattern of a matrix. Here, biotechnology related to silaffins is discussed in the context of “a hypothesis of silaffin matrix” and “the LCPA-phosphate model”. We discuss the most promising area of silaffin biotechnology—the development of production methods for silicon structures with desired shapes and nanostructural properties that can be used to create biocompatible materials.
Marine Derived Hamacanthins as Lead for the Development of Novel PDGFRβ Protein Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Pinchuk Boris , Johannes Eugen , Gul Sheraz , Schlosser Joachim , Schaechtele Christoph , Totzke Frank , Peifer Christian
Published: August 2013

In this study, we report on pyrazin-2(1H)-ones as lead for the development of potent adenosine triphosphate (ATP) competitive protein kinase inhibitors with implications as anti-cancer drugs. Initially, we identified the pyrazin-2(1H)-one scaffold from hamacanthins (deep sea marine sponge alkaloids) by Molecular Modeling studies as core binding motif in the ATP pocket of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), which are validated drug targets for the treatment of various neoplastic diseases. Structure-based design studies on a human RTK member PDGFR (platelet-derived growth factor receptor) suggested a straight forward lead optimization strategy. Accordingly, we focused on a Medicinal Chemistry project to develop pyrazin-2(1H)-ones as optimized PDGFR binders. In order to reveal Structure-Activity-Relationships (SAR), we established a flexible synthetic route via microwave mediated ring closure to asymmetric 3,5-substituted pyrazin-2(1H)-ones and produced a set of novel compounds. Herein, we identified highly potent PDGFR binders with IC50 values in an enzymatic assay below µM range, and possessing significant activity against PDGFR dependent cancer cells. Thus, marine hamacanthin-derived pyrazin-2(1H)-ones showing interesting properties as lead for their further development towards potent PDGFR-inhibitors.
Volatile Organic Compounds Obtained by in Vitro Callus Cultivation of Plectranthus ornatus Codd. (Lamiaceae)
Authors: Passinho-Soares Helna , Meira Paloma , David Juceni , Mesquita Paulo , Vale Ademir , De M. Rodrigues Frederico , De P. Pereira Pedro , De Santana José , De Oliveira Fabio , De Andrade Jailson , David Jorge
Published: August 2013

Plectranthus spp (Lamiaceae) are plants of economic importance because they are sources of aromatic essential oils and are also cultivated and several species of this genus are used as folk medicines. This paper describes the effects of different concentrations of the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) on the induction of callus from nodal segments of Plectranthus ornatus Codd and in the production of volatile organic compounds (monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes). The 20 and 40 day calli were subjected to solid phase micro extraction (HS-SPME) and submitted to GCMS analysis. Variations in VOCs between the samples were observed and, a direct relationship was observed between of the major constituent detected (α-terpinyl acetate) and the monoterpenes α-thujene, α-pinene, β-pinene, camphene, sabinene and α-limonene that were present in the volatile fractions. Besides α-terpinyl acetate, isobornyl acetate and α-limonene were also major constituents. Variations were observed in VOCs in the analyzed periods. The best cultivation media for the production of VOCs was found to be MS0 (control). Moderate success was achieved by treatment with 2.68 µM and 5:37 µM NAA (Group 2). With 2,4-D (9.0 µM), only the presence of α-terpinyl acetate and isocumene were detected and, with 2.26 µM of 2,4-D was produced mainly α-terpinyl acetate, α-thujene and β-caryophyllene (16.2%). The VOC profiles present in P. ornatus were interpreted using PCA and HCA. The results permitted us to determine the best cultivation media for VOC production and, the PCA and HCA analysis allowed us to recognize four groups among the different treatments from the compounds identified in this set of treatments.
Complex Effects of Vitamin E and Vitamin C Supplementation on in Vitro Neonatal Mononuclear Cell Responses to Allergens
Authors: Wassall Heather , Devereux Graham , Seaton Anthony , Barker Robert
Published: August 2013

Low maternal dietary vitamin E (but not vitamin C) intake during pregnancy has been associated with increased in vitro cord blood mononuclear cell (CBMC) proliferative responses, childhood wheezing and asthma. We investigated whether these associations reflect direct effects of vitamin E by investigating the effects of supplementing CBMC cultures with physiological concentrations of vitamin E. CBMC from seventy neonates were cultured supplemented with either nothing, α-tocopherol or ascorbic acid. Proliferative, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-10 and TGF-β responses were measured. In general, vitamin E supplementation was associated with a trend for reduced proliferative responses after stimulation with antigens and house dust mite, and with increased proliferation after stimulation with timothy grass allergen. There was a trend for CBMC cultures to exhibit decreased secretion of IFN-γ, IL-10 and IL-4. Supplementation with vitamin C had no effect on CBMC proliferation, but increased IFN-γ and IL-4 production, and decreased IL-10 production. In conclusion, in vitro vitamin E and C supplementation of CBMC modifies neonatal immune function, but not in a manner predicted by observational epidemiological studies. The observed associations between vitamin E and childhood respiratory disease are complex, and the nature and form of nutritional intervention need to be carefully considered before inclusion in trials.
Identification of CP12 as a Novel Calcium-Binding Protein in Chloroplasts
Authors: Rocha Agostinho , Vothknecht Ute
Published: August 2013

Calcium plays an important role in the regulation of several chloroplast processes. However, very little is still understood about the calcium fluxes or calcium-binding proteins present in plastids. Indeed, classical EF-hand containing calcium-binding proteins appears to be mostly absent from plastids. In the present study we analyzed the stroma fraction of Arabidopsis chloroplasts for the presence of novel calcium-binding proteins using 2D-PAGE separation followed by calcium overlay assay. A small acidic protein was identified by mass spectrometry analyses as the chloroplast protein CP12 and the ability of CP12 to bind calcium was confirmed with recombinant proteins. CP12 plays an important role in the regulation of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham Cycle participating in the assembly of a supramolecular complex between phosphoribulokinase and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase, indicating that calcium signaling could play a role in regulating carbon fixation.
An Oil Fraction Neural Sensor Developed Using Electrical Capacitance Tomography Sensor Data
Authors: Zainal-Mokhtar Khursiah , Mohamad-Saleh Junita
Published: August 2013

This paper presents novel research on the development of a generic intelligent oil fraction sensor based on Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) data. An artificial Neural Network (ANN) has been employed as the intelligent system to sense and estimate oil fractions from the cross-sections of two-component flows comprising oil and gas in a pipeline. Previous works only focused on estimating the oil fraction in the pipeline based on fixed ECT sensor parameters. With fixed ECT design sensors, an oil fraction neural sensor can be trained to deal with ECT data based on the particular sensor parameters, hence the neural sensor is not generic. This work focuses on development of a generic neural oil fraction sensor based on training a Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP) ANN with various ECT sensor parameters. On average, the proposed oil fraction neural sensor has shown to be able to give a mean absolute error of 3.05% for various ECT sensor sizes.
Essai sur le fédéralisme et les fédéralistes face à la souveraineté
Authors: Nigoul Claude
Published: August 2013

Concept ambigu par excellence, la souveraineté est un fauteur de grave confusion dans le débat européen. Philosophes, juristes ou politologues en ont des définitions ou, du moins, des perceptions différentes qui n’ont d’autre but que de légitimer les idéologies de base de leurs disciplines respectives. Qu’elle soit instrumentalisée au service de Dieu, du peuple, de la science, de la modernité ou, tout simplement, des circonstances, on voudrait en bannir la référence dans un débat qu’elle désorienterait et où elle serait devenue hors de propos. Mais la souveraineté a la vie dure, tout autant que l’État auquel elle est indissolublement liée, probablement parce qu’elle est la clé de voûte de toute architecture politique globale. Le fédéralisme s’est heurté à cette réalité dont il était, par définition, la négation, et avec laquelle il a composé. Quant aux fédéralistes et aux plus intransigeants d’entre eux, ceux qui, disciples de Proudhon comme Alexandre Marc, rêvent d’une société sans État, ils n’ont échappé au problème qu’en l’ignorant ou en le contournant.
La perception allemande de la notion de souveraineté
Authors: Bieber Roland
Published: August 2013

Bien que la constitution allemande, le « Grundgesetz », ne connaisse pas le terme Souveränität , cette notion fait partie de la terminologie juridique et politique allemande. Or, on note des différences considérables entre les définitions appliquées par la science politique et par la science juridique ainsi qu’à l’intérieur de chaque discipline... La jurisprudence de la Cour constitutionnelle depuis 1987, notamment dans les arrêts « Maastricht » et « Lisbonne », est marquée par une interprétation de plus en plus explicite des notions d’État, qui reflète les positions d’une partie de la doctrine juridique qui trouvent leurs racines à la fin du xix e  siècle. Cependant, la réalité de l’intégration européenne et l’évolution du droit international ainsi que l’ouverture expressément voulue par la constitution allemande, amènent un nombre croissant d’auteurs soit à défendre le concept d’une « souveraineté adaptée », soit à contester l’utilité et la justification de son emploi dans le domaine du droit constitutionnel.
La souveraineté est-elle soluble dans l'Union européenne ?
Authors: Constantinesco Vlad
Published: August 2013

L’Union européenne – ce processus de plus d’un demi-siècle voulu et continué par un nombre toujours plus élevé d’États membres – a indiscutablement affecté la manière de concevoir la souveraineté des États qui y participent. Cet article étudie les modalités de cette influence et explore la voie que pourrait emprunter une « souveraineté constituante », s’exprimant au niveau de l’Union européenne, à la fois par la décision conjointe les gouvernements des États membres (souverains au sens du droit international) et par ratification des peuples des États membres (souverains au sens du droit constitutionnel).
Virtual Team Process and Pathologies
Authors: Mitchell Alanah , Zigurs Ilze
Published: August 2013

The dynamic nature of group process is a long-standing challenge for research and practice, and particularly so in virtual teams, which are increasingly a regular part of organizational life today. Virtual teams act in fluid environments, as they strive to make sense of how best to incorporate appropriate technology choices during on-going interaction. Interventions in group process have potential to help teams make those choices. However, one set of critical factors that has received very little attention is the timing of interventions and their presentation style and content. These factors are particularly important in virtual teams, whose members rely on information and communication technologies and where technology interplay with group processes needs particular attention. Based on empirical findings, the authors present a new perspective on the longstanding topic of team process and the use of interventions, specifically in a virtual environment. The authors use the analyses of seven teams of students from three universities working together in a virtual workspace to complete a global offshore development project as case studies for building a process theory of adaptive intervention for virtual teams. The theory integrates team process with technology, to show how interventions can be used to proactively trigger and reactively respond to transitions. Ultimately, the theory shows how adaptive interventions can be used in a dynamic way to enhance virtual team process and thereby address key challenges that virtual teams face in their on-going work.
The metaphor of light embedded in the Johannine prologue, Part 2: The Light at and after the incarnation
Authors: Van der Merwe Dirk G. , Albalaa Pierre Y.
Published: August 2013

This is the second of two articles on how the fourth evangelist has embedded the light metaphor in the prologue of the Fourth Gospel. The prologue is replete with this metaphor. A thorough discourse analysis explores the text’s inner texture to determine the rhetoric and network of semantic relations – regarding light as the subject. From here the text’s sacred texture is investigated. Various theological themes are interwoven into the text, with light being a consistent, embedded metaphor, embracing a wealth of facets and interpretations. This research focuses on the embedded light metaphor in the Johannine prologue as it relates to the Word’s performance during and after the incarnation.Hierdie is die tweede van twee artikels om aan te toon hoe die vierde evangelis die lig-metafoor in die proloog van die Vierde Evangelie ingebed het. Die proloog is deurdrenk met hierdie metafoor. Deur middel van ’n behoorlike diskoersanalise is die diepte-struktuur van die teks ondersoek om die retoriek en netwerk van semantiese verhoudings vanaf die perspektief van lig as onderwerp te bepaal. Hierna is die teologiese struktuur van die teks ondersoek. Verskeie teologiese temas is in die teks verweef, met ‘lig’ as ’n konstante verankerde metafoor wat ’n rykdom van fasette en interpretasie insluit. Hierdie navorsing fokus op die ingebedheid van die lig-metafoor in die Johannese proloog soos wat dit verband hou met die funksionering van die Woord tydens en na die inkarnasie.
Camus: Betrokke buitestaander
Authors: Coetzee A.J.
Published: August 2013

No abstract available.