bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Long-Term Trend Analysis in the Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment (SORCE)/Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SIM)
Authors: Harder Jerald W. , Béland Stéphane , Penton Steven , Woods Thomas N.
Published: June 2022

The Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment/Spectral Irradiance Monitor (SORCE/SIM) instrument was launched on 25 January 2003 with mission termination occurring on 25 February 2020. The SORCE/SIM provides a unique data set of the variability in solar spectral irradiance (SSI) during the descending phase of Solar Cycle 23 (SC23) from April 2003 to February 2009, the weaker solar-maximum conditions of SC24, and the quiescent SC24/SC25 minimum. The determination of the magnitude and phase of SSI variations rely on the unambiguous determination of the effects of the space environment and solar-exposure-related degradation mechanisms. The instrument-only corrections for SIM are based on a comparison of two functionally identical (mirror image) prism spectrometers with four independent detectors in each spectrometer channel. The degradation correction is strictly instrumental in its methodology and makes no assumptions about the magnitude, slope, or wavelength dependence of the SSI variability.
Vertical-horizontal distinction in resolving the abstraction, hierarchy, and generality problems of the mechanistic account of physical computation
Authors: Kuokkanen Jesse
Published: June 2022

Descriptive abstraction means omission of information from descriptions of phenomena. In this paper, I introduce a distinction between vertical and horizontal descriptive abstraction. Vertical abstracts away levels of mechanism or organization, while horizontal abstracts away details within one level of organization. The distinction is implicit in parts of the literature, but it has received insufficient attention and gone mainly unnoticed. I suggest that the distinction can be used to clarify how computational descriptions are formed in some variants of the mechanistic account of physical computation. Furthermore, I suggest that, if this suggestion is adopted, it can be used to resolve what I call abstraction, hierarchy, and generality problems raised against mechanistic account of physical computation. According to the abstraction problem, the mechanistic account of physical computation is conceptually confused in claiming that physical systems process computational, abstract properties. An existing solution distinguishes between descriptive and metaphysical abstraction, suggesting that the abstraction problem unnecessarily postulates metaphysically abstract entities. The solution has been criticized for leading to what I call hierarchy and generality problems: it results in two separate hierarchies, one physical and one computational, making it problematic both to account for the generality of computational descriptions and to specify how the two hierarchies are related to each other. Adopting the vertical-horizontal distinction and the view that computational descriptions are achieved by horizontal abstraction allows one to account for the generality of computational descriptions, and to form a single hierarchy in which there are no separate hierarchies in need of integration.
Viewer types in game live streams: questionnaire development and validation
Authors: Schuck Patrick , Altmeyer Maximilian , Krüger Antonio , Lessel Pascal
Published: June 2022

Producing and consuming live-streamed content is a growing trend attracting many people today. While the actual content that is streamed is diverse, one especially popular context is games. Streamers of gaming content broadcast how they play digital or analog games, attracting several thousand viewers at once. Previous scientific work has revealed that different motivations drive people to become viewers, which apparently impacts how they interact with the offered features and which streamers’ behaviors they appreciate. In this paper, we wanted to understand whether viewers’ motivations can be formulated as viewer types and systematically measured. We present an exploratory factor analysis (followed by a validation study) with which we developed a 25-item questionnaire assessing five different viewer types. In addition, we analyzed the predictive validity of the viewer types for existing and potential live stream features. We were able to show that a relationship between the assessed viewer type and preferences for streamers’ behaviors and features in a stream exists, which can guide fellow researchers and streamers to understand viewers better and potentially provide more suitable experiences.
Impact of Patient Navigation on Population-Based Breast Screening: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Tian Lu , Huang Lei , Liu Jie , Li Xia , Ajmal Aisha , Ajmal Maryam , Yao Yunjin , Tian Li
Published: June 2022

Background

Unsatisfactory cancer screening results are often associated with poor prognosis. This study synthesized the literatures addressing the impact of patient navigation (PN) interventions on population-based breast cancer screening promotion to identify characteristics of the model for addressing breast cancer disparities.

Methods

We searched Pubmed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Central Registry from inception to 31 December 2020 for randomized controlled trials (PROSPERO: CRD42021246890). We double blindly abstracted data and assessed study quality. We assessed screening completion rates and diagnostic resolution using random-effects models between those receiving navigation and controls.

Results

Of 236 abstracts identified, 15 studies met inclusion criteria. Nine of the papers evaluated the impact of PN on breast screening, while the other six were on the resolution of abnormal screening results. Compared to the non-PN group, PN improved screening completion (OR: 2.0, 95% CI: 1.4–2.8]) and shortened the time to diagnosis (WMD: − 9.90 days, 95% CI: − 19.09 to − 0.71).

Conclusions

Patient navigation improves breast cancer screening rates but does not improve resolution of abnormal tests.
Islamischer Religionsunterricht (IRU) in Deutschland im Spannungsfeld von Religion, Bildung, Politik und Gesellschaft
Authors: Körs Anna , Haddad Laura , Wagner Constantin , Akbaba Yalız
Published: June 2022

Der Beitrag liefert auf Grundlage eines Forschungsreviews erstmals einen systematischen und differenzierten Überblick zur empirischen Befundlage zum islamischen Religionsunterricht (IRU) in Deutschland. Der IRU erweist sich zunehmend als Gegenstand einer dezidiert empirischen, disziplinübergreifenden Forschung, in der sich die mehrdimensionale Interessenlage ihm gegenüber spiegelt, sich im Bildungssystem zu etablieren und gleichzeitig integrationspolitischen Ansprüchen gerecht zu werden. Dabei wird sowohl unmittelbar gegenstandbezogenes als auch kontextuelles Wissen zum IRU generiert, wobei die Forschung häufig eher (extrinsisch) auf den IRU im Verhältnis zur Gesellschaft und dessen Legitimation, Akzeptanz und Nutzen und weniger (intrinsisch) auf das Verstehen und die Entwicklung des IRU ausgerichtet ist. Daraus resultieren drei zentrale Erkenntnisse: Erstens liefert die bisherige Forschung wichtige Befunde, erlaubt jedoch kaum verlässliche und verallgemeinerbare Aussagen zum IRU hinsichtlich seiner gesellschaftlichen Situiertheit und (integrativen) Wirkung. Zweitens wird die auf das Verstehen und die Entwicklung des IRU gerichtete eher intrinsische Forschung teilweise durch Integrationsimperative überlagert und stellt weiterhin ebenso ein wichtiges Desiderat dar. Drittens ist die Forschung zum IRU stark am Status Quo orientiert und thematisiert kaum Fragen der zukünftigen Entwicklungen und Herausforderungen einer zunehmend multireligiösen säkularen Gesellschaft. Der Beitrag versteht sich damit als Momentaufnahme und zugleich Impulsgeber der IRU-Forschung, die sowohl Spiegel wie auch mögliche Triebkraft der Entwicklungen im Feld des IRU sein kann.
Functional Montmorillonite/Polymer Coatings
Authors: Zhou Shu Qing , Niu Yu Qin , Liu Jia Hui , Chen Xi Xi , Li Chun Sheng , Gates Will P. , Zhou Chun Hui
Published: June 2022

Functional montmorillonite can be dispersed in polymer coatings and organic species and polymers can be intercalated into the interlayer space or grafted onto the surface of the functional montmorillonite. The addition of functional montmorillonite into polymer-based coatings can significantly improve anti-corrosion, refractory, super-hydrophobicity, antibacterial activity, and absorption of solar radiation by the resulting montmorillonite/polymer coatings. Montmorillonite can be functionalized for this purpose by ion exchange, intercalation, exfoliation, or combinations of these treatments. The rigid montmorillonite layers interspersed within the polymer matrix inhibit the penetration of corrosive substances, minimize the impact of high-temperature airflow, and thereby lead to strong resistance of the coating to corrosion and fire. The combination of polymers and dispersed montmorillonite nanolayers, which are modified by metal ions, metal oxides, and hydrophobic organic species, allows the resulting  composite coating to have quite a rough surface and a much smaller surface free energy so that the montmorillonite/polymer coating possesses superhydrophobicity. The interlayer space of functional montmorillonite can also host or encapsulate antibacterial substances, phase-change materials, and solar energy-absorbing materials. Moreover, it can act as a template to make these guest species exist in a more stable and ordered state. Literature surveys suggest that future work on the functional montmorillonite/polymer coatings should be targeted at the manufacture of functional montmorillonite nanolayers by finding more suitable modifiers and tuning the dispersion and funtionalities of montmorillonite in the coatings.
Spatial political economy: the case of metropolitan industrial policy
Authors: Obeng-Odoom Franklin
Published: June 2022

Industrial policy has become the focus of much more interest in recent times. Of particular note is mainstream economists’ fascination and their peculiar claims about how and why this new industrial policy promotes growth, redistribution, and sustainability. Such contentions warrant scrutiny. Using metropolitan data, plans, and laws, along with regional and national data from census and survey reports, this paper addresses three questions related to growth, inequality, and sustainability. On the basis of the evidence, collected and interpreted from the lens of original institutional economics, it is argued that industrial policy has been too strictly tied to (urban) economic growth which has not, contrary to expectations, led to ecologically sensitive and inclusive (urban) economic development. Instead, growth policies have cumulatively generated rising  urban  inequalities and ecological problems in cities and regions. This lack of congruence between the case for, and outcomes from, the pursuit of a particular type of industrial policy can be partly explained by the presence of absentee land ownership. Its entanglements with rent theft, profit seeking, and problematic engagement with persistent inequalities and unsustainability complement the explanation. A different industrial policy could seek to recoup socially-created, but privately appropriated, unearned income, reinvest this resulting revenue in ways that directly build state capacity, address persistent urban inequalities, attend to ecological challenges, and seek to create industries that avoid the problems of ‘progress and poverty’.
Vatican II and the Genesis of a Community of Missionary Disciples: A Vision Waylaid
Authors: Keightley Georgia
Published: June 2022

In “its deepest intuitions,” Vatican II was a missionary council whose stated purpose was to renew the church spiritually and institutionally and so prepare the Catholic community to evangelize a changed, more complex world. Church leaders’ subsequent failure to correctly understand the council's biblically sourced, trinitarian view of mission's object, its method and agency, led to a failure to implement Vatican II's practical pastoral aims. Although the conciliar vision was committed to and embedded in the reformed liturgical rites where it continues to nourish and inspire Catholic life today, the absence of the institutional, ministerial supports needed to complete what the liturgy instills forever blocks achievement of the council's aims. The experience of the US church provides a ready example of how Vatican II's pastoral vision was waylaid and goes unrealized yet today.
Power and Philanthropy: The Imperial Dimensions of Parsi Amelioration of the Iranian Zoroastrians
Authors: Patel Dinyar Phiroze
Published: June 2022

This article brings a new perspective to Parsi philanthropy in late Qajar Iran by exploring its British imperial dimensions. It examines how Parsis leveraged British diplomatic heft in their amelioration of Iranian Zoroastrians and how imperial connections helped Parsis translate charity into political and economic power. This was a mutually beneficial process: British diplomats identified strategic value in Parsi philanthropy for Iranian Zoroastrians. It was particularly useful in Great Game rivalries against Russia, as Britain attempted to cultivate Iranian Zoroastrians to shore up its influence in southern Iran. Interactions between Parsis, Iranian Zoroastrians, and British diplomats neatly illustrate the extraordinary influence which small minorities could wield in imperial politics.
PARLIAMENTARY SOVEREIGNTY AND POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY IN THE UK CONSTITUTION
Authors: Goldsworthy Jeffrey
Published: June 2022

Rivka Weill claims that in the nineteenth century the foundation of the UK constitution changed from parliamentary sovereignty to popular sovereignty, originally as a matter of constitutional convention but today as a matter of law. I argue, to the contrary, that parliamentary sovereignty as a legal principle and popular sovereignty as a political principle are perfectly compatible. Constitutional conventions are essentially political not legal requirements. Therefore, a constitutional convention requiring popular approval of constitutional change, if it ever existed, would not have violated parliamentary sovereignty. But if it did exist, it was displaced by the Parliament Act 1911 and has not been revived since. Moreover, there is no evidence that courts today have legal authority to enforce any requirement, conventional or legal, requiring such approval.
Experimental infection with Schistosoma mansoni isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus shows a low parasite burden but induces high schistosomiasis severity in BALB/c mice
Authors: Miranda Guilherme Silva , Rodrigues João Gustavo Mendes , de Rezende Michelle Carvalho , Resende Samira Diniz , Camelo Genil Mororó Araújo , de Oliveira Silva Jeferson Kelvin Alves , Maggi Laura , Rodrigues Vanessa Fernandes , de Oliveira Vinícius Gustavo , Negrão-Corrêa Deborah Aparecida
Published: June 2022

Wild mammals, especially rodents, can participate in the life cycle of Schistosoma mansoni; however, the impact of these parasite strains on the severity of schistosomiasis remains unclear. The aim of this study was to comparatively evaluate the parasitological and immunopathological alterations induced by an S. mansoni strain isolated from the wild rodent Holochilus sciureus (HS strain) and a parasite strain isolated from a human (LE strain) in experimentally infected mice. Male BALB/c mice were subcutaneously infected with 50 cercariae/mouse of either the HS or the LE strain and were evaluated for 12 weeks. In the experimental groups, the parasite burden was estimated by worm and egg (feces and tissues) count, and immunopathological alterations were evaluated in the liver and intestines. Compared to experimental infection with the LE parasite strain, HS-infected mice showed reduced number of parasite worms but higher fecundity rate, significant reduction in IL-5, IL-10 and IL-13 concentrations, lower EPO-activity in liver homogenate and higher concentrations of TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-12 and IL-17 in the small intestine homogenate. Moreover, HS infection resulted in higher concentrations of NO end-products in both the liver and intestine, suggesting a predominance of the Th1/Th17 immune response. HS-infected mice also showed higher plasma transaminase levels, formed larger granulomas, and had a higher mortality rate in comparison with LE-infected mice. Data indicate that BALB/c mice infected with the HS strain of S. mansoni showed reduced susceptibility to the parasite but stronger tissue inflammation and high disease severity.
A qualitative study exploring family caregivers’ support needs in the context of medical assistance in dying
Authors: Smolej E. , Malozewski M. , McKendry S. , Diab K. , Daubert C. , Farnum A. , Orianna Scali , Reel K. , Cameron Jill I.
Published: June 2022

Objectives

Family members are often involved in the provision of care to a relative at some point in their life. Their role becomes inherently complex when their care recipient is interested in seeking medical assistance in dying (MAID). As assisted death for “grievous and irremediable conditions” was legalized in Canada in 2016, the perspectives of family caregivers have received little attention. To best support caregivers to individuals seeking assisted dying, healthcare practitioners must first understand the perspectives of family caregivers in this context. The objective of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences and support needs of family caregivers who are or who have provided care to individuals who are seeking or have sought MAID.

Methods

This study employed a qualitative descriptive design. Family caregivers supporting individuals living with grievous and irremediable conditions were recruited through social media outlets and support organizations. Data were collected through semi-structured telephone interviews and online surveys. Data were transcribed and analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

The study included 11 participants, comprising spouses, parents, and adult children. The research identified three prevalent themes: the caregiver experience including roles and responsibilities and the impact of their role; the MAID experience including the process and their thoughts and feelings about MAID; and caregiver insight into supports and services viewed as valuable or needed for the MAID process.

Significance of results

Study findings may assist in the provision and development of best practice resources and guidelines to support healthcare professionals involved in the delivery of MAID. Specifically, caregivers need to be supported in the context of their caregiving responsibilities to minimize the impact on their own lives and optimize their MAID experience.
Peace Came in the Sign of the Cross: Ritualized Diplomacy Among Natives and Spaniards in the Sonora-Arizona Borderlands, 1694–1836
Authors: Moreno Vega José Manuel
Published: June 2022

This article analyzes the meanings and uses of crosses in the interactions among diverse indigenous groups and colonizers in the Sonoran frontier of northern New Spain during the eighteenth century and beyond. By showing that colonial expansion was a process that included persuasion within a context of violence, it highlights diplomacy through exchanges facilitated by cultural parallels and hybridity between Christian and precontact Amerindian symbols and rituals. This approach illustrates that the sign of the cross became a widespread mechanism for initiating peaceful interactions. The emphasis on the hybrid use of crosses provides insight into the fluid interactions among Natives and colonizers through the adoption of this symbol and the role these Native groups had in implanting colonial culture in their societies. Ultimately, it shows the indigenous peoples’ reactions and strategies under colonial presence.
BOD1 regulates the cerebellar IV/V lobe-fastigial nucleus circuit associated with motor coordination
Authors: Liu Xiu-Xiu , Chen Xing-Hui , Zheng Zhi-Wei , Jiang Qin , Li Chen , Yang Lin , Chen Xiang , Mao Xing-Feng , Yuan Hao-Yang , Feng Li-Li , Jiang Quan , Shi Wei-Xing , Sasaki Takuya , Fukunaga Kohji , Chen Zhong , Han Feng , Lu Ying-Mei
Published: June 2022

Cerebellar ataxias are characterized by a progressive decline in motor coordination, but the specific output circuits and underlying pathological mechanism remain poorly understood. Through cell-type-specific manipulations, we discovered a novel GABAergic Purkinje cell (PC) circuit in the cerebellar IV/V lobe that projected to CaMKIIα+ neurons in the fastigial nucleus (FN), which regulated sensorimotor coordination. Furthermore, transcriptomics profiling analysis revealed various cerebellar neuronal identities, and we validated that biorientation defective 1 (BOD1) played an important role in the circuit of IV/V lobe to FN. BOD1 deficit in PCs of IV/V lobe attenuated the excitability and spine density of PCs, accompany with ataxia behaviors. Instead, BOD1 enrichment in PCs of IV/V lobe reversed the hyperexcitability of CaMKIIα+ neurons in the FN and ameliorated ataxia behaviors in L7-Cre; BOD1f/f mice. Together, these findings further suggest that specific regulation of the cerebellar IV/V lobePCs → FNCaMKIIα+ circuit might provide neuromodulatory targets for the treatment of ataxia behaviors.
Neuron-to-vessel signaling is a required feature of aberrant stem cell commitment after soft tissue trauma
Authors: Qin Qizhi , Gomez-Salazar Mario , Cherief Masnsen , Pagani Chase A. , Lee Seungyong , Hwang Charles , Tower Robert J. , Onggo Sharon , Sun Yuxiao , Piplani Abhinav , Li Zhao , Ramesh Sowmya , Clemens Thomas L. , Levi Benjamin , James Aaron W.
Published: June 2022

The functional interdependence of nerves and blood vessels is a well-established concept during tissue morphogenesis, yet the role of neurovascular coupling in proper and aberrant tissue repair is an emerging field of interest. Here, we sought to define the regulatory relationship of peripheral nerves on vasculature in a severe extremity trauma model in mice, which results in aberrant cell fate and heterotopic ossification (HO). First, a high spatial degree of neurovascular congruency was observed to exist within extremity injury associated heterotopic ossification. Vascular and perivascular cells demonstrate characteristic responses to injury, as assessed by single cell RNA sequencing. This vascular response to injury was blunted in neurectomized mice, including a decrease in endothelial proliferation and type H vessel formation, and a downregulation of key transcriptional networks associated with angiogenesis. Independent mechanisms to chemically or genetically inhibit axonal ingrowth led to similar deficits in HO site angiogenesis, a reduction in type H vessels, and heterotopic bone formation. Finally, a combination of single cell transcriptomic approaches within the dorsal root ganglia identified key neural-derived angiogenic paracrine factors that may mediate neuron-to-vascular signaling in HO. These data provide further understanding of nerve-to-vessel crosstalk in traumatized soft tissues, which may reflect a key determinant of mesenchymal progenitor cell fate after injury.
Quantum critical Eliashberg theory, the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev superconductor and their holographic duals
Authors: Inkof Gian-Andrea , Schalm Koenraad , Schmalian Jörg
Published: June 2022

Superconductivity is abundant near quantum critical points, where fluctuations suppress the formation of Fermi liquid quasiparticles and the BCS theory no longer applies. Two very distinct approaches have been developed to address this issue: quantum-critical Eliashberg theory and holographic superconductivity. The former includes a strongly retarded pairing interaction of ill-defined fermions, the latter is rooted in the duality of quantum field theory and gravity theory. We demonstrate that both are different perspectives of the same theory. We derive holographic superconductivity in form of a gravity theory with emergent space-time from a quantum many-body Hamiltonian—the Yukawa Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model—where the Eliashberg formalism is exact. Exploiting the power of holography, we then determine the dynamic pairing susceptibility of the model. Our holographic map comes with the potential to use quantum gravity corrections to go beyond the Eliashberg regime.
Genome-wide protein–DNA interaction site mapping in bacteria using a double-stranded DNA-specific cytosine deaminase
Authors: Gallagher Larry A. , Velazquez Elena , Peterson S. Brook , Charity James C. , Radey Matthew C. , Gebhardt Michael J. , Hsu FoSheng , Shull Lauren M. , Cutler Kevin J. , Macareno Keven , de Moraes Marcos H. , Penewit Kelsi M. , Kim Jennifer , Andrade Pia A. , LaFramboise Thomas , Salipante Stephen J. , Reniere Michelle L. , de Lorenzo Victor , Wiggins Paul A. , Dove Simon L. , Mougous Joseph D.
Published: June 2022

DNA–protein interactions are central to fundamental cellular processes, yet widely implemented technologies for measuring these interactions on a genome scale in bacteria are laborious and capture only a snapshot of binding events. We devised a facile method for mapping DNA–protein interaction sites in vivo using the double-stranded DNA-specific cytosine deaminase toxin DddA. In 3D-seq (DddA-sequencing), strains containing DddA fused to a DNA-binding protein of interest accumulate characteristic mutations in DNA sequence adjacent to sites occupied by the DNA-bound fusion protein. High-depth sequencing enables detection of sites of increased mutation frequency in these strains, yielding genome-wide maps of DNA–protein interaction sites. We validated 3D-seq for four transcription regulators in two bacterial species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. We show that 3D-seq offers ease of implementation, the ability to record binding event signatures over time and the capacity for single-cell resolution.
Recovery of metagenome-assembled genomes from the phyllosphere of 110 rice genotypes
Authors: Su Pin , Wicaksono Wisnu Adi , Li Chenggang , Michl Kristina , Berg Gabriele , Wang Dan , Xiao Youlun , Huang Renyan , Kang Houxiang , Zhang Deyong , Cernava Tomislav , Liu Yong
Published: June 2022

The plant microbiota plays crucial roles in sustaining plant health and productivity. Advancing plant microbiome research and designing sustainable practices for agriculture requires in-depth assessments of microorganisms associated with different host plants; however, there is little information on functional aspects of many microorganisms of interest. Therefore, we enriched microorganisms from the phyllosphere of 110 rice genotypes and subjected them to shotgun metagenomic sequencing to reconstruct bacterial genomes from the obtained datasets. The approach yielded a total of 1.34 terabases of shotgun-sequenced metagenomic data. By separately recovering bacterial genomes from each of the 110 rice genotypes, we recovered 569 non-redundant metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) with a completeness higher than 50% and contaminations less than 10%. The MAGs were primarily assigned toAlphaproteobacteria,Gammaproteobacteria, andBacteroidia. The presented data provides an extended basis for microbiome analyses of plant-associated microorganisms. It is complemented by detailed metadata to facilitate implementations in ecological studies, biotechnological mining approaches, and comparative assessments with genomes or MAGs from other studies.
Tracing geochemical sources and health risk assessment of uranium in groundwater of arid zone of India
Authors: Pandit P. , Saini Atul , Chidambaram Sabarathinam , Kumar Vinod , Panda Banjarani , Ramanathan A. L. , Sahu Netrananda , Singh A. K. , Mehra Rohit
Published: June 2022

Water quality degradation and metal contamination in groundwater are serious concerns in an arid region with scanty water resources. This study aimed at evaluating the source of uranium (U) and potential health risk assessment in groundwater of the arid region of western Rajasthan and northern Gujarat. The probable source of vanadium (V) and fluorine (F) was also identified. U and trace metal concentration, along with physicochemical characteristics were determined for 265 groundwater samples collected from groundwater of duricrusts and palaeochannels of western Rajasthan and northern Gujarat. The U concentration ranged between 0.6 and 260 μg L−1 with a mean value of 24 μg L−1, and 30% of samples surpassed the World Health Organization’s limit for U (30 μg L−1). Speciation results suggested that dissolution of primary U mineral, carnotite [K2(UO2)2(VO4)2·3H2O] governs the enrichment. Water–rock interaction and evaporation are found the major hydrogeochemical processes controlling U mineralization. Groundwater zones having high U concentrations are characterized by Na–Cl hydrogeochemical facies and high total dissolved solids. It is inferred from geochemical modelling and principal component analysis that silicate weathering, bicarbonate complexation, carnotite dissolution, and ion exchange are principal factors controlling major solute ion chemistry. The annual ingestion doses of U for all the age groups are found to be safe and below the permissible limit in all samples. The health risk assessment with trace elements manifested high carcinogenic risks for children.
Rapid imaging of lung cancer using a red fluorescent probe to detect dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase activities
Authors: Kawashima Shun , Yoshida Daisuke , Yoshioka Takafusa , Ogasawara Akira , Fujita Kyohhei , Yanagiya Masahiro , Nagano Masaaki , Konoeda Chihiro , Hino Haruaki , Kitano Kentaro , Sato Masaaki , Hino Rumi , Kojima Ryosuke , Komatsu Toru , Kamiya Mako , Urano Yasuteru , Nakajima Jun
Published: June 2022

Rapid identification of lung-cancer micro-lesions is becoming increasingly important to improve the outcome of surgery by accurately defining the tumor/normal tissue margins and detecting tiny tumors, especially for patients with low lung function and early-stage cancer. The purpose of this study is to select and validate the best red fluorescent probe for rapid diagnosis of lung cancer by screening a library of 400 red fluorescent probes based on 2-methyl silicon rhodamine (2MeSiR) as the fluorescent scaffold, as well as to identify the target enzymes that activate the selected probe, and to confirm their expression in cancer cells. The selected probe, glutamine-alanine-2-methyl silicon rhodamine (QA-2MeSiR), showed 96.3% sensitivity and 85.2% specificity for visualization of lung cancer in surgically resected specimens within 10 min. In order to further reduce the background fluorescence while retaining the same side-chain structure, we modified QA-2MeSiR to obtain glutamine-alanine-2-methoxy silicon rhodamine (QA-2OMeSiR). This probe rapidly visualized even borderline lesions. Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 and puromycin-sensitive aminopeptidase were identified as enzymes mediating the cleavage and consequent fluorescence activation of QA-2OMeSiR, and it was confirmed that both enzymes are expressed in lung cancer. QA-2OMeSiR is a promising candidate for clinical application.
Characterization of chemical and carbon isotopic compositions of gases during thermochemical sulfate reduction and implications for gas origin and content
Authors: Guo Huijuan , Liu Min , Wang Yunpeng , Wang Qiang , Liu Jinzhong , Peng Ping’an
Published: June 2022

For identifying the occurrence and extent of thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction of natural gas and better understanding the chemical and carbon isotopic variations in natural gas reservoirs, high-pressure hydro-pyrolysis with a special designed apparatus was performed using natural gas and various amounts of MgSO4·7H2O at up to 360 °C. The yields, chemical and isotopic compositions of the gases produced during TSR and thermal cracking were measured. As the extent of TSR reaction increased, the concentrations of CH4, CO2 and H2S increased in a nonlinear way, while those of C2H6 and C3H8 decreased. According to the variation of gas content, the TSR reaction of alkane gases can be divided into an uncatalyzed and a catalyzed stage, which is different from previous studies that treated the TSR reaction of alkane gases as a non-autocatalytic reduction process. As the concentration of MgSO4·7H2O increased, the rate of TSR reaction with hydrocarbon gases increased. The concentrations of HSO4− and volume of aqueous phase could be responsible for the different TSR reaction rates in the catalyzed stage. The co-variation of ln(C1/C2) and ln(C2/C3) could be related to the TSR reaction of alkane gases. Our study provides clues for understanding the compositional variations in natural conditions.
Optimization of a CE-ICP-MS/MS method for the investigation of liposome–cisplatin nanosystems and their interactions with transferrin
Authors: Wróblewska Anna Maria , Samsonowicz-Górski Jan , Kamińska Ewelina , Drozd Marcin , Matczuk Magdalena
Published: June 2022

This study aims to elaborate on a novel comprehensive CE-ICP-MS/MS method for liposome-based cisplatin delivery system characterization. The optimized method allows for direct monitoring of formation products, the drug loading efficiency, and the stability of systems under proteinaceous conditions.
Accelerating electrochemical hydrogen evolution kinetics in alkaline media using LaNi5 as a hydrogen reservoir
Authors: Shi Hang , Liu Guoliang , Hu Xiaohong
Published: June 2022

The synergy between LaNi5 and ΔGH*-positive electrocatalysts accelerates alkaline electrochemical hydrogen evolution.
Metal-based strategies for the fight against COVID-19
Authors: Li Hongyan , Yuan Shuofeng , Wei Xueying , Sun Hongzhe
Published: June 2022

Metallodrugs and metal complexes kill SARS-CoV-2 through inhibition of multiple viral proteins/enzymes.
Exploiting the umpolung reactivity of diazo groups: direct access to triazolyl-azaarenes from azaarenes
Authors: Devi Lalita , Kumar Prashant , Kant Ruchir , Rastogi Namrata
Published: June 2022

Facile access to 4,3-fused 1,2,4-triazolyl-isoquinolines, pyridines and phenanthridines is achieved through electrophilic diazomethylation of the azaarenes with hypervalent iodine diazo reagents followed by 1,5-cyclization of the resulting ammonium diazonium ylides.
Bioorthogonal micellar nanoreactors for prodrug cancer therapy using an inverse-electron-demand Diels–Alder reaction
Authors: Suehiro Fumi , Fujii Shota , Nishimura Tomoki
Published: June 2022

Micellar nanoreactors based on the self-assembly of an IEDDA reactive unit bearing amphiphilic polymers are reported. The deployment of the nanoreactors for cancer chemotherapy via prodrug activation by the IEDDA reaction is also demonstrated.
A (CH3)2CNHCH3PbBr3/CH3NH3PbBr3 core–shell heterostructure fabricated by an in situ a-site reaction for fast response 1D perovskite photodetectors
Authors: Wang Wei , Zhao Jie , Jiang Lin , Liu Shaochao , Wang Li
Published: June 2022

After exposure to air, the MWs undergo a phase transition to form a core–shell heterostructure. The stability after phase transformation is superior.
Characterizing the n→π* interaction of pyridine with small ketones: a rotational study of pyridine⋯acetone and pyridine⋯2-butanone
Authors: López Juan Carlos , Alkorta Ibon , Macario Alberto , Blanco Susana
Published: June 2022

The main interactions between pyridine and small ketones are a N⋯CO n→π* tetrel bond and a C–H⋯O weak hydrogen bond as shown in this rotational study of the complexes pyridine⋯acetone and pyridine⋯2-butanone.
Structure-based engineering of α-ketoglutarate dependent oxygenases in fungal meroterpenoid biosynthesis
Authors: Awakawa Takayoshi , Mori Takahiro , Ushimaru Richiro , Abe Ikuro
Published: June 2022

The α-ketoglutarate dependent oxygenases catalyze remarkable chemistries in polyketide-derived fungal meroterpenoid biosynthesis. This review summarizes recent progress in the structure-based engineering of these enzymes.
Microwave-assisted surface attachment of aluminium ions on in situ diluted titanium-doped hematite photoanodes for efficient photoelectrochemical water-splitting
Authors: Hwang Jun Beom , Dhandole Love Kumar , Anushkkaran Periyasamy , Chae Weon-Sik , Choi Sun Hee , Lee Hyun Hwi , Jang Jum Suk
Published: June 2022

Al/Ti co-doping was performed through an effective microwave-assisted surface attachment method. The synergistic effect of Al/Ti co-doping and an Al2O3 passivation layer significantly boosts the PEC performance in the Al(5 mM)/Ti(4%):Fe2O3 photoanode.
Correction: MoWS2 nanosheets incorporated nanocarbons for high-energy-density pseudocapacitive negatrode material and hydrogen evolution reaction
Authors: Patra Abhinandan , Shaikh Monirul , Ghosh Saurabh , Late Dattatray J. , Rout Chandra Sekhar
Published: June 2022

Correction for ‘MoWS2 nanosheets incorporated nanocarbons for high-energy-density pseudocapacitive negatrode material and hydrogen evolution reaction’ by Abhinandan Patra et al., Sustainable Energy Fuels, 2022, https://doi.org/10.1039/d2se00307d.
Die Ausbildung der Therapieberufe muss zukunftsfest sein – Kampagne zur Akademisierung
Authors: Mischner Julia Marlene , Borgetto Bernhard
Published: June 2022

Seit vielen Jahren ist sie ein Diskussionsthema, wenn es um die Weiterentwicklung der Therapieberufe in Deutschland geht: die Akademisierung. Das Bündnis Therapieberufe an die Hochschulen hat vor kurzem ihre Kampagne #zusammenTun gestartet. Ziel ist es, die Vollakademisierung in Deutschland voranzutreiben.
Betätigen mit neuester Technik – Prothesen mit myoelektrischer Mustererkennung
Authors: Breier Susanne
Published: June 2022

Die Verwendung einer myoelektrischen Prothese für die obere Extremität ersetzt wichtige Bewegungsabläufe und gewährleistet so die Selbstversorgung, eine Rückkehr ins Arbeitsleben und die gesellschaftliche Teilhabe im Sinne der ICF. Susanne Breier beschreibt den Versorgungsprozess mit den Prothesen und wie Klient*innen den Umgang mit ihnen erlernen.
Alles im Gleichgewicht – Occupational Balance Questionnaire
Authors: Dittrich Annalena
Published: June 2022

Ausgeglichen, nicht über- und nicht unterfordernd – im Idealfall ist der Alltag im Gleichgewicht. Besonders bei Menschen mit Einschränkungen in der Betätigungsperformanz spielt die Betätigungsbalance eine wichtige Rolle. Einschätzen lässt sich diese in wenigen Minuten mit dem Occupational Balance Questionnaire.
Krebsrisiko bei Prädiabetes und Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus
Authors: Scherübl Hans
Published: June 2022

Krebs ist nun die führende Todesursache bei Typ-2-Diabetes mellitus (T2D). Prädiabetes und T2D erhöhen das Risiko für bestimmte Tumoren. Zu den Prädiabetes- bzw. T2D-assoziierten Malignomen zählen gastrointestinale, gynäkologische, urologische und endokrine Karzinome aber auch Leukämien. Prädiabetes und T2D bedingen eine 1,2- bis 2,7-fach erhöhte Krebssterblichkeit. Zugrundeliegende Mechanismen der Assoziation zwischen T2D und Krebs beinhalten die chronische Hyperglykämie, einen chronischen systemischen Entzündungszustand, oxidativen Stress, Dyslipidämie, die Insulinresistenz sowie chronisch erhöhte Spiegel von insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) und von Insulin. Eine dauerhafte Gewichtsreduktion kann das Krebsrisiko adipöser T2D-Patienten signifikant senken. Ein gesunder Lebensstil und die regelmäßige Teilnahme an Vorsorgeuntersuchungen sind wichtig und können die Krebsmortalität von Diabetespatienten erheblich verringern.
Amine-Free O-Sulfonylation by a Combination of 4-Methylpyridine N-Oxide Catalyst with 4Å Molecular Sieves
Authors: Yoshida Keisuke , Matsumoto Yuma , Masuda Juo , Kitagaki Shinji
Published: June 2022

An amine-free sulfonylation of various alcohols was developed that uses 4-methylpyridine N-oxide in the presence of 4Å molecular sieves at room temperature. This mild method gives various sulfonylated products in high yields, and can be applied to base-sensitive substrates.
Sinonasal Glomangiopericytoma with Prolonged Postsurgical Follow-Up
Authors: Gordon Alex J. , Papazian Michael R. , Chow Michael , Patel Aneek , Placantonakis Dimitris G. , Lieberman Seth , Givi Babak
Published: June 2022

Sinonasal glomangiopericytoma is a rare vascular tumor of the respiratory epithelium. Treatment consists mainly of surgical resection, though there is no consensus regarding the use of adjuvant therapies or preoperative endovascular embolization. The postsurgical prognosis is favorable, though there is a high risk of delayed recurrence. Here, we present the case of a patient who underwent endoscopic resection of a sinonasal glomangiopericytoma and a review of the literature.
The Effects of Exercise Therapy Moderated by Sex in Rehabilitation of
COVID-19
Authors: Rausch Linda , Puchner Bernhard , Fuchshuber Jürgen , Seebacher Barbara , Löffler-Ragg Judith , Pramsohler Stephan , Netzer Nikolaus , Faulhaber Martin
Published: June 2022

Standardized exercise therapy programs in pulmonary rehabilitation have been
shown to improve physical performance and lung function parameters in post-acute
COVID-19 patients. However, it has not been investigated if these positive
effects are equally beneficial for both sexes. The purpose of this study was to
analyze outcomes of a pulmonary rehabilitation program with respect to sex
differences, in order to identify sex-specific pulmonary rehabilitation
requirements. Data of 233 post-acute COVID-19 patients (40.4% females)
were analyzed before and after a three-week standardized pulmonary
rehabilitation program. Lung function parameters were assessed using
body-plethysmography and functional exercise capacity was measured by the
Six-Minute Walk Test. At post-rehabilitation, females showed a significantly
smaller improvement in maximal inspiration capacity and forced expiratory volume
(F=5.86, ω2=.02; p<0.05) than males.
Exercise capacity improvements between men and women did not differ
statistically. Females made greater progress towards reference values of
exercise capacity (T(231)=−3.04; p<0.01) and forced
expiratory volume in the first second (T(231)=2.83; p<0.01) than
males. Sex differences in the improvement of lung function parameters seem to
exist and should be considered when personalizing standardized exercise
therapies in pulmonary rehabilitation.
Transesophageal Echocardiography of Mitral Valve Repair in a Case of Sinus of Valsalva Aneurysm: 2D versus 3D
Authors: Das Devishree , Makhija Neeti , Patra Tarun
Published: June 2022

Mitral valve repair is a common and preferred technique over mitral valve replacement whenever it is feasible. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) not only reliably identify repairable mitral valve but also guide appropriate intervention. In addition to two-dimensional (2D) TEE, the three-dimensional (3D) technique clearly delineates size and shape of mitral valve apparatus, and determine the repairability and success of repair technique. We illustrate the 2D and 3D TEE techniques that guided the surgical intervention for Alfieri repair.
Dynamic performance of a long-stroke fast tool servo system
Authors: Gong Zheng , Huo Dehong , Niu Zengyuan , Chen Wanqun , Cheng Kai
Published: June 2022

A fast tool servo (FTS) system can be used to efficiently manufacture optical freeform surfaces. This paper investigates the dynamic performance of an FTS system driven by a voice coil motor and guided by air bearings. A simulation model and testing platform are developed to evaluate the load capacity and stiffness of the air bearings. The mechanical dynamic performance of the designed FTS, including modal and harmonic analyses, is assessed using finite element analysis. A nonlinear relation between air-bearing stiffness and mechanical bandwidth is obtained. The working dynamic performance is tested through system runout, tracking performance, and closed-loop tests. Quantitative relations between air-bearing stiffness and the mechanical and working bandwidths are established and analyzed. Machining experiments verify the feasibility of the FTS system with 31.05 N/μm stiffness air-bearings.
Normal-mode oscillations for the circular and dipolar states of a filled hexagonal magnetic dipole cluster
Authors: Haugen Peter T. , Smith Andrew D. P. , Edwards Boyd F.
Published: June 2022

We analyze the rotational dynamics of six magnetic dipoles of identical strength at the vertices of a regular hexagon with a variable-strength dipole in the center. The seven dipoles spin freely about fixed axes that are perpendicular to the plane of the hexagon, with their dipole moments directed parallel to the plane. Equilibrium dipole orientations are calculated as a function of the relative strength of the central dipole. Small-amplitude perturbations about these equilibrium states are calculated in the absence of friction and are compared with analytical results in the limit of zero and infinite central dipole strength. Normal modes and frequencies are presented. Bifurcations are seen at two critical values of the central dipole strength, with bistability between these values.
Numerical simulation for wire X-pinch plasma on 2D/3D geometry
Authors: Byun Sang-Min , Na Yong-Su , Lee Sang-Jun , Jung Min-Ki , Chung Kyoung-Jae , Hwang Y. S. , Kim Deok-Kyu , Hahn Sang June
Published: June 2022

This paper investigates wire X-pinch (WXP) evolutions by the Eulerian resistive magneto-hydrodynamic code, STHENO, on 2D/3D geometry. A single-fluid two-temperature model is applied to pinch plasmas in local thermal equilibrium. The equation of state based on the Thomas–Fermi model is used to determine the ionization degree of the plasma. Electron internal energy is determined by the local density, temperature, and ionization potential with the average ion charge state. Lee–More–Desjarlais transport models are employed to obtain the thermal conductivities and resistivity for a non-ideal plasma. The radiation loss rate is calculated by the Bremsstrahlung and recombination emissivity within the ionization balance. The crossing point, which is the central part of the X-pinch, is assumed to be an axisymmetric configuration on a small computational domain in the RZ plane. The 2D simulation demonstrates that the micrometer size plasma column is elongated axially with the onset of the neck cascading structure. The radiation power is calculated and compared with the measured x-ray power from a modular X-pinch device (120-kA in 650-ns) at Seoul National University. The time evolution of the radiation power reproduces the trend of the measured x ray. 3D analyses are performed for the aluminum WXP configurations by varying wire numbers and cross-angles. The relation between the radiation performance and the numbers of wires reveals that the current density, rather than the line density, determines the central pinching condition. In addition, the multiple plasma instabilities (m = 0) near the central regions are found to degrade the radiation performance on the small cross-angle WXP.