bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of feeding a combination of silage of fish offal and fermented tofu dregs with different doses on the population and biomass of silkworms (Tubifex tubifex)
Authors: Sari V N , Lutfiyah L , Sulmartiwi L
Published: December 2023

Silkworm (Tubifex tubifex) is one of the natural food that is often used in fish farming. Determining the success of silkworm cultivation is strongly influenced by the culture media, which is generally rice mud. Rice field mud is a living medium for silk worms in nature, but the low nutrient content requires the addition of silage of fish offal and fermentation of tofu dregs. This study used a maintenance medium dose of 100% rice field mud (control), 75% fish offal silage + 25% tofu dregs fermentation (P1), 50% fish offal silage + 50% tofu dregs fermentation (P2), and 25% of tofu silage. fish + 75% tofu dregs fermentation (P3). The main parameters in this study were the growth of biomass and population of silkworms during 21 days of rearing. While the supporting parameters of this research are water quality parameters which include temperature, pH, and DO. Analysis of the data in this study using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) 1 factors. The results of the calculation of optimal biomass and population were obtained in 25% silage of fish offal + 75% fermented tofu dregs with an absolute biomass value of 18.6 grams and an absolute population value of 8,698 individuals.
Study of underwater sound effects relation to current velocity and Siganus sp. population in seaweed cultivation area
Authors: Kasim M , Musaruddin M , Mansur LK , Palupi RD , Jalil W , Takwir A
Published: December 2023

Underwater sound is one of the interesting phenomena in the ocean. Underwater sounds can impact marine organisms, especially fish and mammals. One of the organisms that can be influenced by underwater sound is the Siganus fish. This study aims to determine sound propagation with a certain level of fish pest repellents about the surface currents velocity and Siganus canaliculatus. population in seaweed cultivation areas. This research was conducted in a seaweed cultivation area in Baubau City, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia, in May-July 2022. The tool used is a seaweed pest repellent Ver.04 (Usirikan Ver 03). Underwater sound, at a strength level of 76.19-83.09 dB, can propagate quickly at 60 m in diameter of the sea area. The farthest distance multiplied at a strength of 62.41-69.30 dB can reach 150 m in diameter of the sea area. The fish population (S. canaliculatus) was not found in the seaweed cultivation area, with a sound level of 62.41 dB. The population of Siganus fish is around 2-4 ind/m2 at a sound level of 48.62 dB. Underwater sound with a sound level above 50 dB can impact the population of S. canaliculatus. Seaweed fish repellent can significantly affect behavior. of S. canaliculatus
The effect of red ginger extract (Zingiber officinale var. rubrum) on infestation of Argulus japonicus in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
Authors: Laurensia S , Kismiyati  , Amin M
Published: December 2023

Goldfish (Carassius auratus) is one of the freshwater ornamental fish that is widely known to the public. The activity of cultivation goldfish can not be separate from pathogen infection. One of the parasites that often infests goldfish is Argulus japonicus. Red ginger extract Red is one of the natural ingredients can be an alternative to reduce Argulus japonicus infestation due to the presence of antiparasitic compounds. The purpose of this research to know the effect and determine the optimal concentration of red ginger extract for controlling Argulus japonicus in goldfish. The research method used is the laboratory experimental. The fish were infected with Argulus japonicus by artificial infestation. This study, treatment by giving red ginger extract to fish infested with Argulus japonicus and finding for the best concentration. The result showed a significant effect on reducing Argulus japonicus infestations in goldfish p(<0,05). The best treatment in this study was treatment C with concentration of red ginger extract 350 ppm with an average release of 61.11%. In this study, red ginger extract has an effect in reducing Argulus japonicus infestations and can be an alternative material for controlling Argulus japonicus.
Effectiveness of depuration with zeolite stone filter to reduce levels of heavy metal lead (Pb) in the feather shell (Anadara antiquata)
Authors: Shaleh A I , Mubarak A S , Tjahjaningsih W
Published: December 2023

Lead toxicity in humans causes neurological disorders, bone metabolism disorders, kidney damage, and impaired liver function. Feather shells that live in marine waters with high Pb heavy metal content can be exposed to these heavy metals, posing a risk to humans who eat shellfish. Depuration is one method that can reduce the Pb content in the body of the feather shell. The depuration process is influenced by several factors, including the length of the depuration and the filter used. This study aims to determine the effective depuration time to reduce the Pb content in feather shells (Anadara antiquata) using zeolite as a filter. This study applied the Latin Square Design (RSBL) method as a research design consisting of four treatments with four replications. The duration of the depuration treatment was 0 hours (P0), 24 hours (P1), 48 hours (P2), and 72 hours (P3). The effectiveness of the depuration of shells using a zeolite filter can be seen in the reduced Pb content in shellfish. The depuration process for 24 hours showed an effective depuration time with a reduction rate of Pb of 1.095 ± 0.05 mg/kg.
Inhibition of Lactobacillus acidophillus, Lactobacillus, Bacteria plantarum and Bifidobacterium spp. against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. in the digestive tract in vitro
Authors: Agustono B , Apriliawati R , wijaya A E , husna N , inta F N , maulana M R , habibi M R , risqiah P , Isnaini  , yunita M Y , yuliani M G A
Published: December 2023

The bacteria Lactobacillus acidophillus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium spp. is a lactic acid bacteria that is used as a probiotic. The research was conducted with the aim of knowing the inhibition of the pribiotic bacteria Lactobacillus acidophillus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Bifidobacterium spp. against Escherichia coli and Salmonella sp. Supporting tests such as motility tests, catalase tests, and fermentation tests were also carried out. The media used in this study were: Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) with the Kirby-Bauer method and Nutrient Broth (NB) media, TSIA, SIM. The control groups used in this study were P1 : Lactobacillus acidophillus, P2 : Lactobacillus plantarum, P3 : Bifidobacterium, P4 : Lactobacillus acidophilus + Bifidobacterium, P5 : Lactobacillus plantarum + Bifidobacterium, P6 : Lactobacillus acidophilus + Lactobacillus plantarum + Bifidobacterium, and P0 as control. The greatest inhibitory power on Escherichia coli bacteria was at P3, P4, P6 at 0.30 mm and Salmonella sp. namely at P4 by 15 mm. While the smallest inhibition on Escherichia coli bacteria is at P5, P7 is 0.2 mm and Salmonella sp. namely at P3, P5, P6 by 0.25 mm.
The effect of old water making time and heating temperature on moisture content and NaCl on traditional salt production
Authors: Susilowati E , Alamsjah MA , Pujiastuti DY
Published: December 2023

The manufacture of salt from old water is only done in salt ponds by geomembrane methods and prisms with the help of evaporation from sunlight. This study uses experimental methods. Working procedures in this study include sampling, followed by characterizing water samples including pH, NaCl, salinity and clarity tests. Then continued with the manufacture of salt samples. After that, each sample was tested on the water content and NaCl levels. The data to be obtained will be analyzed using the Duncan and Tukey Test tests with the SPSS 25.0. While the sensory test using Krustal Wallis if there is a noticeable difference (p<0.05) it will be continued with the Mann Whitney test and compared to the quality standard of SNI 3556:2010 iodine consumption salts. Sensorically covering the color, taste and texture of salt with the method of making using hotplate has met the quality 1 and 2. The chemical characteristics of the moisture content parameters have met the standard SNI 3556: 2010 salt consumption of iodine. Some salt samples do not meet the SNI’s standards on NaCl levels. Salt quality is affected by the NaCl levels of old water, impurities and the process of making salt.
Steam Transmission of Bioplastic Straw based Carrageenan and Gelatin
Authors: Amirah F , Saputra E , Triastuti J
Published: December 2023

Straws are included in the microplastic category, the emergence of microplastic waste that is difficult to filter so that it can be toxic and threaten aquatic ecosystems. One of the uses of carrageenan is as a raw material for making bioplastics because it has the best-film-forming ability. The purpose of this study was to determine the best concentration of gelatin in the manufacture of bioplastic straws made from carrageenan that met the standards for water vapor transmission and storability. The research method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) with one factor which is gelatin concentration. Parameters observed were moisture content, water vapor transmission, and mass change value in the air resistance test. Data analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine the best treatment, a further test was carried out by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test with a 95% confidence level. The best result from the four treatments were found in gelatin addition concentration of 0.30 grams. The results showed that the concentration of gelatin affects the yield of bioplastic straws starting from the value of water content, the value of the water vapor transmission test, and the value of the change in mass.
Performance analysis of Brachionus plicatilis production with different densities
Authors: Santanumurti M B , Puspita D , Hudaidah S
Published: December 2023

Plankton is an aquatic animal that has many benefits such as cosmetics, food, animal feed, and even biodiesel. One of the plankton that has good potential is rotifers (Brachionus plicatilis). Rotifers have the advantage that small morphology (no need much space), reproduce quickly, and easy to be cultured. This study aims to determine the effect of differences in density on the performance of rotifers production. The treatments in this study were A (500 kg), B (density 2 tons), and C (density 8 tons). The results showed that the highest density value was found on the 5th day of treatment B (574 ind/ml). This indicates that the culture of rotifers on a mass scale of 2 tons showed the highest value on the 5th day.
The Effect of Probiotics to Betta Fish (Betta splendens Regan, 1910) Aquaculture Performance
Authors: Samara S H , Saputra F E , Fidyandini H P , Hudaidah S
Published: December 2023

Betta fish (Betta splendens) is one type of ornamental fish that has high economic value. However, one of the obstacles on its cultivation activity is poor nutrition feed that support the enlargement process. One of the solution is adding probiotics. Probiotics can optimize fish growth, including betta fish. This study aimed to determined the best dose of the probiotics to increased the growth performance of betta fish. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replications (C: control, A: 5 ml/kg of feed, B: 7 ml/kg of feed, and C: 9 ml/kg of feed). The data was analyzed by Anova and Duncan’s test. Based on the parameters observed, it was shown that the addition of probiotics in commercial feed in treatment C (9 ml/kg feed) had a significant effect on the growth of absolute weight, SGR, and FCR.
Antibacterial activity of crude extracts Ulva lactuca against Staphyloccocus aureus and Propionibacterium acne
Authors: Aprillia T I , Adam M A , Supii A I. , Mahardika K , Kusnadi J
Published: December 2023

Sources of antibiotic raw materials as a reliever / acne remover drug is needed. Especially of natural ingredients from theUlva lactuca. This study aims to examine the potential of crude extracts ofU. lactucaas an antibacterial againstStaphyloccocus aureusandPropionibacterium acne. Extraction ofU. lactucaused Microwave Assited Extraction (MAE) technique with different types of solvents and extraction time. Analysis of antibacterial activity was carried out by the paper disk diffusion method. The research design used was a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two factors. The first factor of type solvent;ethanol, ethyl acetate and aquades. The second factor of extraction time which consists of 3 different levels;10 minutes, 20 minutes, and 30 minutes. The results of the study The highest yield was obtained in ethanol by 30 minutes extraction time;average of 24.9%. Phytochemical compounds were detected used a color test on the extract of Ulva lactuca namely alkaloids, steroids, flavonoids, and tannins. Whereas the antibacterial test with the highest tasteless zone ofStaphylococcus aureusbacteria with ethanol solvent extraction time of 30 minutes;average of 17.17 mm. Crude extract ofU. lactucahas potential as an antibacterialS. aureusandP. acne.
Enhancement growth of plantlet Gracilaria sp. with additional fermented fertilizer
Authors: Nurhayati A L , Permana D , Aulia R , Nurhidayat
Published: December 2023

The purpose of this research is to know the influence of additional fermented fertilizer to the growth of plantlet Gracilaria sp. during acclimatization stage. The comparison of composition fermented fertilizer from Leucaena leucocephala leaves : Moringa oleifera leaves which used were 75%:25%, 50%:50%, 25%:75% and control without additional fermented fertilizer. The best plantlet growth after seven weeks testing, found in comparison 25%:75% with enhancement plantlet growth up till 32,4%, followed with comparison 50%:50% with enhancement plantlet growth up till 27,1%, the last with comparison 75%:25% and control which both show enhancement plantlet growth up till 13,5%. Based on this result, we carried out further testing with comparison 20%:80%, 15%:85%, 10%:90% and 5%:95% but the plantlet growth result only as much 12,67%; 26,67%; 24,67% and -0,09% so we recommend to use combination fermented fertilizer from Leucaena leucocephala leaves : Moringa oleifera leaves with comparison 25%:75% in acclimatization step since it’s not only increase the weight but also the length and number of shoots. However, it’s necessary to do further testing using other fertilizer raws to get better plantlet growth result.
Different omega-3 concentrations in bran suspension toward the first reproduction time of Artemia sp.
Authors: Pratama R W , Sulmartiwi L , Mubarak A S
Published: December 2023

The need for Artemia sp. in Indonesia is very high and still relies on imported products. One of the drawbacks of bran suspension is the absence of Omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3 is proven to accelerate the maturity and reproduction of Artemia sp. The addition of bran suspension with Omega-3 may increase the population of Artemia sp. in culture rapidly. This study aimed was to determine the effect of different concentrations of Omega-3 in rice bran suspension on time of the first reproduction Artemia sp. and to determine the effect of different concentrations of Omega-3 in rice bran suspension on Artemia sp. nauplii production. This study used a Completely Randomized Design which was divided into five treatments and four replications. The concentration of Omega-3 was P1 (3 mL), P2 (4 mL), P3 (5 mL), P4 (6 mL) and using rice bran suspension feed control (P0) 100 gr/mL. Artemia sp. culture was carried out at a density of 100 ind/L. The results showed that the culture of Artemia sp. using bran suspension feed with different concentrations of Omega-3 can affect the first reproduction time of Artemia sp. The fastest first reproduction time of Artemia sp. was produced from cultured using rice bran suspension feed with a concentration of Omega-3 (4 mL) which was 394 hours.
Application of combination feed of fish viscera silage and fermented rice bran on biomass and population of silk worms (Tubifex tubifex)
Authors: Febrianti L , Sulmartiwi L , Dewi N N
Published: December 2023

Silkworms are an alternative feed to grow and develop for fish seeds. Silkworms have the advantage of being high in nutrients. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using fish offal silage combination feed on silkworm biomass and population as well as the optimal concentration of fish offal silage and fermented rice bran to increase silkworm biomass and population. The method used in this study was experimental using a completely randomized design (CRD), namely P0: paddy mud, P1: paddy mud + combined feed (75% fish offal silage and 25% fermented rice bran), P2: paddy mud + combined feed (50% fish offal silage and 50% fermented rice bran), and P3: paddy mud + combined feed (25% fish offal silage and 75% fermented rice bran). Data analysis used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s test. The results showed that silkworm cultivation using a combination feed (25% fish offal silage and 75% fermented rice bran) produced the highest absolute biomass and absolute population of 22 grams and 7,147 individuals, significantly different from absolute and absolute biomass. produced from cultivation in paddy field mud with control treatment.
The Effectiveness of Regulation of the Minister of Marine and Fisheries Number 2 of 2015 Concerning the Utilization of Demersal Fish Landed at PPN Brondong, Lamongan
Authors: Jannah DN , Perdanawati RA , Fahmi MY
Published: December 2023

The Nusantara Fishing Port of Brondong in Lamongan, is one of the largest fishing bases in East Java. Types of fish caught by fishermen are dominated by Nemipterus japonicus, Upeneus moluccensis, and Gerres oyena. The purpose of this study was to determine the utilization rate of demersal fish landed at PPN Brondong, Lamongan. This research was conducted using quantitative and descriptive statistical methods. Maximum sustainable yield analysis uses the production surplus model from Schaefer (1954). Based on the model of Schaefer (1954) demersal fish are stated in a fully exploited to over exploited condition. Analysis of the Schaefer model (1954) found the Fmsy value of 12,457 trips, the Cmsy value of 25,216 tons and the allowable catch of 20,173 tons. PERMEN KP Number 2 of 2015 in terms of response effectiveness according to respondents obtained a value of 52%. Based on research, the issuance of PERMEN KP Number 2 of 2015 was not effective on the level of utilization of demersal fish landed at Nusantara Fishing Port of Brondong, Lamongan.
The effect of formulated diets with different protein sources on feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient retention of scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus)
Authors: Agustin R , Amin M , Lamid M
Published: December 2023

Scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) is a type of marine biota that has high economic value. Lobster cultivation must to be developed, which is in terms of feed. Currently, the majority of cultivators still depend on trash fish as the main food for lobsters. This study was conducted to find the best feed formulation as an alternative to trash fish. The method used is an experimental method with five treatments and four replications where trash fish as control (T0), fish meal formula (T1), rebon shrimp flour formula (T2), maggot flour formula (T3), and snail flour formula (T4). Lobster rearing was carried out for 30 days with the observed parameters including the feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, and nutrient retention. The data obtained were analyzed using ANOVA and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test with a level of 5% to determine the best treatment. The results showed that formulated diets with different protein sources was able to affect the feed consumption and nutrient retention of scalloped spiny lobster, but was not affect on the feed conversion ratio. These results indicate that the best formula feed is rebon shrimp flour formula which shows the best results from the four artificial feeds.
The addition of Mucuna pruriens seed extract with different dosage on feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency of Rasbora argyrotaenia
Authors: Husnacahya Y , Chandrawati T A , Samara S H , Amin M , Mubarak A S
Published: December 2023

The objectives of this research were: 1) determine the effect of feed supplementation using velvet beans (Mucuna pruriens) seed extract with different doses on the feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency of silver barb (R. argyrotaenia), 2) determine the optimal dose of feed supplementation using velvet beans seed extract in silver barb on the value of feed conversion ratio and feed efficiency. This research used an experimental method with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments of commercial feed without any addition (P0), 0.1 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract addition (P1), 1 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract addition (P2), 10 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract addition (P3), 35 ml/kg velvet seed beans extract addition (P4) in four replication for each treatments. The results of the supplementation with a different concentration of velvet beans seed extract addition showed significant difference (P < 0.05) on the specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, and feed efficiency of R. argyrotaenia. The highest efficiency and feed conversion ratio of the supplementation of R. argyrotaenia feed obtained from addition of 0.1 ml/kg velvet beans seed extract.
Water Quality Analysis for Vannamei Shrimp Culture in Coastal of Banyuwangi Regency
Authors: Setyaningrum E W , Yuniartik M , Yuniari S H
Published: December 2023

The coastal of Banyuwangi Regency is the longest coast and has a high potential for vannamei shrimp culture with the largest production in East Java Province, Indonesia. The sustainability of vannamei shrimp culture depends on seawater input, where water quality is the main thing that must always be considered. The purpose of this study was to analyze water quality for the benefit of vannamei shrimp culture. The method used is descriptive. While data collection using surveys and direct observations, with water quality parameters taken there are 14 types, namely temperature, salinity, pH, DO, alkalinity, ammonia, nitrate, nitrite, phosphate, TOM, TSS, vibrio, redox and plankton. Data analysis used factor analysis based on the Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The results from the calculation of PCA analysis, it can be seen that there are 5 components that are able to describe the overall water quality on the coast of Banyuwangi Regency for the benefit of vannamei shrimp cultivation with a total variance of 80,522%. Component 1 filled with parameters Salinity, Nitrite, Nitrate and Vibrio. Component 2 are pH, TOM and Redox. Component 3 are DO, TOM, TSS and Plankton. Component 4 are Alkalinity, Ammonia, Nitrite and Phosphate. Component 5 are Temperature, Salinity and Plankton.
Morphological characteristics of Aeromonas, Plesiomonas and Pseudomonas bacteria in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) cultivation in Bangli Regency
Authors: Saraswati S A , Jasmanindar Y , Suryanigtyas E W , Pebriani D A , Wijayanti N P , Djonu A , Arimardewi O
Published: December 2023

Aquaculture is a popular activity in Indonesia, with one of the leading commodities, namely tilapia. After shrimp and salmon, tilapia as a successful example of world aquaculture set by the Department of Fisheries and Aquaculture FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization). In line with the development of the cultivation business, there are also several disturbing problems such as pests and diseases that hinder the development of the cultivation business. Monitoring activities were carried out in one of the districts, namely Bangli district. Monitoring activities are carried out by identifying pathogenic bacteria found in tilapia. The steps in identification are bacterial isolation, purification, presumptive test, biochemical test and reading of the results. The bacteria identified were Aeromonas hydrophila, Plesiomonas shigelloides, Pseudomonas putida, Aeromonas sobria and Pseudomonas alkaligenes.
The Effectiveness of selective breeding on the productivity of giant freshwater prawns (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) population
Authors: Hadie L E , Kontara E K M , Kusdiarti  , Zulkarnain R
Published: December 2023

Selection programs for giant freshwater prawns stocks from various locations have been implemented by several government institutions. Some of the results of selective breeding of giant freshwater prawns have been released by the Indonesian Ministry of Marine Affairs and Fisheries. Several giant prawn strains have been released, including GIMacro, GIMacro II, and Siratu. The development of giant prawn strains after release has not been significantly observed among shrimp farmers. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate its productivity in order to observe its impact on the development of giant prawn aquaculture. The study was conducted using a meta-analysis method with data sources derived from searching the database on Google.com. The result s of this study indicate that selective breeding of giant prawn can successfully increase the productivity of their farming (P< 0.001). It has also been demonstrated that the effectiveness of family selection significantly accelerates the growth rate of giant prawns. It is anticipated that the findings of this study will help formulate policy solutions for reversing the current drop in giant prawn production.
The effect of using different types of fertilizer on plankton abundance and growth rate of backyard shrimp farm
Authors: Ritonga L B R , Nasuki  , Primasari K , Rizky P N , Edy M H , Harijono T
Published: December 2023

The application of fertilizers in aquaculture ponds is one of the ways to increase water fertility which is characterized by an abundance of phytoplankton. However, further research on the effect of adding organic fertilizer to the abundance of plankton and the productivity of cultivation is necessary. This study aims to determine the effect of the use of liquid organic fertilizer and ceraclean on the abundance of plankton in the vannamei shrimp rearing media, and the survival and growth of vannamei shrimp. There were two treatments in this study, namely the application of ceraclean fertilizer 20 ppm/week in treatment 1 and the application of liquid organic fertilizer from chicken manure 20 ppm/week in treatment 2. Treatment 1 with addition of ceraclean fertilizer showed the highest abundance of plankton (262 Ind/l) compared with treatment 2 (225 Ind/l) (P < 0.05). However, the number of beneficial plankton identified in ponds with organic fertilizer application (treatment 1) was greater (80.0%) than ceraclean fertilizer application (treatment 2) (67.5%). This explained that organic fertilizer could significantly increase the growth and survival rate of shrimp by increasing the production of beneficially plankton which lead the lower of feed intake (FCR value of 1.1).
The effect of squid ink (Loligo sp.) utilization in feed on improvement black colour and growth of koi fish (Cyprinus carpio)
Authors: Laksono K T , Dewi N N , Rahardja B S
Published: December 2023

Koi fish is one of the ornamental fish that is in demand by ornamental fish lovers. Color quality is a determining factor for the economic value of koi fish production. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of adding squid ink supplements to feed on increasing black color and growth in koi fish. This study used a completely randomized design with 4 different doses of treatment with 3 replications. Treatment P0 without the addition of squid ink (control), P1 was 1% squid ink, P2 was 3% squid ink and P3 was 5% squid ink in the feed. Koi fish are kept in an aquarium with feeding rate of 5%. The main parameters observed were increasing black color and absolute growth of koi fish. The black color assessment was observed using a modified Toca Color Finder. Supporting parameters were water quality. The results showed that 5% squid ink treatment resulted in the highest black color score. The absolute weight growth between treatments showed a significant difference (p<0.05) and the absolute length growth did not show a significant difference (p>0.05). It can be concluded that the addition of squid ink with a concentration of 5% is the best treatment.
The biological and ecological impact of the ship grounding and ore nickel spill of the barge ship in Morowali Waters, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
Authors: Bahri S , Jiliansyah Y , Johan O
Published: December 2023

This study’s purpose is to know the condition of corals in locations that are under pressure due to high sedimentation and coral damage due to ship aground. The research was carried out in August 2021 by collecting data related to the coral reef’s condition. The method used the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) at 2 location points as controls which were assumed not to be affected by the ship aground and 2 location points where the ship ran aground. The study was successful to obtain data on the affected corals on the BG Financia 22 ship at 13.13%, while at the control location, live coral cover was obtained by 17.16%, grouped in very damaged condition. Observations on the BG Intan Kelana 3 ship from a total observation area of 127,600 cm2, obtained a live coral cover of 24.70%, this condition is grouped in very damaged coral conditions. Types of coral were found in 17 genera from 247 colonies observed during the study. Coverage at affected locations is 4.20%. Observations in this study can be concluded at the location where the condition of the coral is very damaged plus the pressure due to the ship aground, thus worsening conditions in the area.
Quantity and quality of ephippia from moina (Moina macrocopa) culture with bran suspension feed with Lemuru fish oil
Authors: Mabruroh A A , Mubarak A S , Tjahjaningsih W
Published: December 2023

Epipia Moina macrocopa is a product of sexual reproduction in the form of dormant egg cells that can be stored for a long time. The epipia can hatch at any time similar to the Artemia cyst. The quality and quantity of ephippia is influenced by the quality and quantity of the feed. The study used a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of a control without the addition of fish oil (P0). suspension of bran with the addition of 1.5 ml of fish oil (P1). suspension of bran with the addition of 3 ml of fish oil (P2). suspension of bran with the addition of 4.5 ml of fish oil (P3). and suspension of bran with the addition of 6 ml fish oil (P4). The main parameters are the quality and quantity of epihipia. The concentration of lemuru fish oil 6 ml/100 gr of bran can increase the quantity of ephippia as much as 426 ± 60.53 grains/L with the percentage of ephippia containing eggs as much as 98%.3 grains/L with the percentage of ephippia containing eggs as much as 98%.
Potency of formulated diets with different protein on feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency and nutrient retention of scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus)
Authors: Maharani S D , Amin M , Lamid M
Published: December 2023

Scalloped spiny lobster (Panulirus homarus) is a commodity due to its high economic value, and it increases the exploitation of lobster. This increase needs to be balanced with good cultivation, which one is feed. Currently, the main feed given by the cultivators still depend on trash fish. The purpose of this study was to increase formulated diets with different protein on feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, feed efficiency and nutrient retention. This study was conducted using Completely Randomized Design with 5 treatments and 4 replications, namely P0 : trash fish (control), P1 : protein feed 30 %, P2 : protein feed 40 %, P3 : protein feed 50 %, and P4 : protein feed 60 %. Lobster rearing is carried out for 30 days at the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Airlangga University. Analysis of research data used Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and continued with Duncan’s Multiple Range Test with a level of 5% to determine the best results. The result showed that potency of formulated diets with different protein had a significant effect (p< 0,05) on feed consumption and nutrient retention, but had no significant effect (p> 0,05) on feed convertion ratio and feed efficiency.
Detection of Tilapia lake virus (TiLV) using semi-nested RT-PCR method in farmed Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) from ponds East Java, Indonesia
Authors: Dita S R , Laela N F , Putri D W S , Laminem  , Anita T W , Laili R , Yohan E , Rozi
Published: December 2023

Tilapia lake virus disease is an emerging viral disease causing mortality up to 90% worldwide of aquaculture production. It has been recorded as a virus attacting wild and cultured tilapias in Asia, Africa, and Latin America. There is the urgent need for rapid Diagnostic techniques for viral diseases to identify infected tilapia to control the outspread in individual farms. This study aims to identify the presence of TiLV with the semi-nested Reverse Transcriptase-Polymerase Chain Reaction method allowing the rapid detection of TiLV in fish organs. A total of 4 samples of tilapia were isolated from different locations and then used a silica extraction kit to obtain RNA from the TiLV virus. Afterwards amplification step was carried out by semi-nested RT-PCR test. The primers used in PCR target the 250-bp fragment in the electrophoresis. The results showed that the 250 bp amplicon of TiLV RNA was detected at 1/4 tested Tilapia. PCR clearly identified infective TiLV viral RNA in tilapia that produced a cytopathic effect with protein similarity (weak homology) in the conserved Polymerase Sub Unit PB1 Influenza-C and the genome of Orthomyxoviruses causing brain, nervous system and liver damage in fish and may have applications as rapid species-specific virulence test.
Rob Flood as impact of sea level rise around Kenjeran Beach Tourism Surabaya
Authors: Agustina N A , Supartono  , Prasita V D
Published: December 2023

Kenjeran Beach is located in the coastal area of the East Coast of Surabaya (Pamurbaya) where most of the ecosystems are mangroves, so this area has the potential to be inundated with water (flood). This study aims to analyze tidal flooding as the impact of sea level rise and formulate appropriate adaptation & mitigation strategies so that tourism utilization can be carried out in a sustainable manner. The method used in this study was the tidal calculation which produces sea level rise predictions and the Geographic Information System method which produces a map of the vulnerability of the tidal flood area. The map results were analyzed to determine adaptation and mitigation strategies from the tidal flood. Based on the analysis of sea level rise, the area inundated due to tidal flooding was around 42 cm in the next 50 years. In an effort to adapt and mitigate sea level rise disasters, it was carried out with structural (physical or technical) mitigation and non-structural (non-technical) mitigation.
Effect of microplastic particles on the gills structure of freshwater fish supplemented with probiotics and vitamin C
Authors: Hayati A , Adriansyah W , Kusuma M R , Astri A R , Maulidah S , Maullani A , Wahyuni A D , Zubaidi M F , Soepriandono H , Pramudya M , Soehargo L , Sugiharto  , Dewi F R P , Nurbani F A
Published: December 2023

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of commercial feed with probioticand vitamin C supplements in repairing damage to the gill structure of freshwater fish, tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Tilapia in this study were divided into control group (commercial feed), probiotic group (commercial feed with probiotic 200 mg/kg of feed), and vitamin C group (commercial feed with vitamin C 100 mg/kg of feed). Each group was givenmicroplastic particles exposure treatment in aqueous media (0, 0.1, 1, 10 mg/L volume of aquarium water) which was carried out twice a day for 14 days. The results showed that the administration of vitamin C as fish feed supplement reduced the damage that occurred in the tilapia gills in the form of edema (22 ± 3.57%), necrosis (33 ± 4.07%), hyperplasia (38 ± 5.91%), epithelial lifting (28 ± 3.43%), and fusion (17 ± 3.49%) of the secondary lamellae. Meanwhile, the administration of probiotics only reduced the histopathological conditions of necrosis (34 ± 4.57%) and fusion (18 ± 3.07%) of secondary lamellae. From all treatments, it was shown that feeding with vitamin C was the most effective in improving the histopathological condition that occurred in the histological structure of tilapia gills.
Size distribution of bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis Blkr.) as an endemic fish spatially and temporally using dipp nets in Lake Singkarak, West Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Nasution S H , Akhdiana I , Syawal M S
Published: December 2023

Lake Singkarak has endemic fish resources of only one species in the world that has economic value, namely Bilih (Mystacoleucus padangensis, Blkr.). The rapid rate of catching using dipp nets fishing gear in this lake is expected to result in a decline in the Bilih population. Dipp nets is a fishing gear that is not environmentally friendly. Bilih fish samples were obtained using dipp nets fishing gear at two locations, namely Intake PLTA (hydropower intake) and Batu Taba for seven (7) months from June to December 2021. The number and size distribution of Bilih were calculated spatially and temporally. The abundance of fish in the Intake PLTA and Batu Taba locations were 472 fish and 716 fish, respectively. As spatially the size range of fish in Intake PLTA is 45-104 mm and in Batu Taba 40-130 mm. The highest fish size is in the 65-72 mm class range, both spatially and temporally (June). Average water quality at Intake PLTA location (temperature 27.87 °C; pH 8.6; DO 4.68 mg/L; Conductivity 0.143 mS/cm; TDS 0.092 mg/L) at a depth of 14.15 m and at Batu Taba location (temperature 28.14 °C, pH 9.24; DO 4.68 mg/L; Conductivity 0.231 mS/cm; TDS 0.092 mg/L) at a depth of 14.15 m.
Micro–nano hierarchical scaffold providing temporal-matched biological constraints for tendon reconstruction
Authors: Xie Xiaojing , Xu Junjie , Lin Jing , Chen Liang , Ding Danzhi , Hu Yage , Han Kang , Li Chaojing , Wang Fujun , Zhao Jinzhong , Wang Lu
Published: December 2023

Due to the limitations of tendon biology, high-quality tendon repair remains a clinical and scientific challenge. Here, a micro–nano hierarchical scaffold is developed to promote orderly tendon regeneration by providing temporal-matched biological constraints. In short, fibrin (Fb), which provides biological constraints, is loaded into poly (DL-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoyarns with suitable degradation cycles (Fb-loaded nanofiber yarns (Fb-NY)). Then further combined with braiding technology, temporary chemotactic Fb scaffolds with tendon extracellular matrix-like structures are obtained to initiate the regeneration process. At the early stage of healing (2 w), the regeneration microenvironment is regulated (inducing M2 macrophages and restoring the early blood supply necessary for healing) by Fb, and the alignment of cells and collagen is induced by nanoyarn. At the late healing stage (8 w), with the degradation of Fb-NY, non-functional vascular regression occurs, and the newborn tissues gradually undergo load-bearing remodeling, restoring the anvascularous and ordered structure of the tendon. In summary, the proposed repair strategy provides temporal-matched biological constraints, offering a potential pathway to reconstruct the ordered structure and function of tendons.
Alloy design for laser powder bed fusion additive manufacturing: a critical review
Authors: Liu Zhuangzhuang , Zhou Qihang , Liang Xiaokang , Wang Xiebin , Li Guichuan , Vanmeensel Kim , Xie Jianxin
Published: December 2023

Metal additive manufacturing (AM) has been extensively studied in recent decades. Despite the significant progress achieved in manufacturing complex shapes and structures, challenges such as severe cracking when using existing alloys for laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) AM have persisted. These challenges arise because commercial alloys are primarily designed for conventional casting or forging processes, overlooking the fast cooling rates, steep temperature gradients and multiple thermal cycles of L-PBF. To address this, there is an urgent need to develop novel alloys specifically tailored for L-PBF technologies. This review provides a comprehensive summary of the strategies employed in alloy design for L-PBF. It aims to guide future research on designing novel alloys dedicated to L-PBF instead of adapting existing alloys. The review begins by discussing the features of the L-PBF processes, focusing on rapid solidification and intrinsic heat treatment. Next, the printability of the four main existing alloys (Fe-, Ni-, Al- and Ti-based alloys) is critically assessed, with a comparison of their conventional weldability. It was found that the weldability criteria are not always applicable in estimating printability. Furthermore, the review presents recent advances in alloy development and associated strategies, categorizing them into crack mitigation-oriented, microstructure manipulation-oriented and machine learning-assisted approaches. Lastly, an outlook and suggestions are given to highlight the issues that need to be addressed in future work.
Synthetic pre-training for neural-network interatomic potentials
Authors: Gardner John L A , Baker Kathryn T , Deringer Volker L
Published: December 2023

Machine learning (ML) based interatomic potentials have transformed the field of atomistic materials modelling. However, ML potentials depend critically on the quality and quantity of quantum-mechanical reference data with which they are trained, and therefore developing datasets and training pipelines is becoming an increasingly central challenge. Leveraging the idea of ‘synthetic’ (artificial) data that is common in other areas of ML research, we here show that synthetic atomistic data, themselves obtained at scale with an existing ML potential, constitute a useful pre-training task for neural-network (NN) interatomic potential models. Once pre-trained with a large synthetic dataset, these models can be fine-tuned on a much smaller, quantum-mechanical one, improving numerical accuracy and stability in computational practice. We demonstrate feasibility for a series of equivariant graph-NN potentials for carbon, and we carry out initial experiments to test the limits of the approach.
Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J): Construct, Criterion, and Incremental Validity in a Community Sample of Older Adults
Authors: Suchy Yana , Simpson Austin , Mora Michelle Gereau , DesRuisseaux Libby A , Brothers Stacey Lipio , Mullen Christine M
Published: December 2023

Objective

The Test of Practical Judgment (TOP-J) is a stand-alone judgment measure that is considered to tap into aspects of executive functioning (EF) and inform clinical predictions of daily functioning in older adults. Past validation research is variable and has some limitations. The present study sought to examine the reliability and construct, criterion, and incremental validities of scores on TOP-J 9-item version (TOP-J/9).

Method

Participants were 95 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 to 85. Participants completed TOP-J/9, measures of EF and global cognition, and three different modalities of instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) (self-report, performance-based tasks conducted in the laboratory, and performance-based tasks completed at home over 3 weeks).

Results

TOP-J/9 scores showed adequate internal consistency (α = 0.73) after correcting for the low number of items. TOP-J/9 was correlated with global cognition and EF, although EF did not survive correction for lower-order processes. Finally, although TOP-J/9 scores were associated with home-based IADL tasks (but not with self-report and laboratory-based IADLs), providing some evidence of criterion validity, they did not incrementally contribute to home-based IADL performance beyond other cognitive measures. However, when two items pertaining to social/ethical judgment were removed, this modified version of TOP-J did relate to EF beyond lower-order processes and contributed uniquely to prediction of home-based IADLs beyond other measures.

Conclusion

Results suggest that TOP-J/9 taps into global cognitive status (but not necessarily EF) and predicts “real-world” functioning (but not above and beyond other cognitive measures). TOP-J psychometrics may be improved by removing two social/ethical items.
An olfactory perceptual fingerprint in people with olfactory dysfunction due to COVID-19
Authors: Drnovsek Eva , Rommel Maria , Bierling Antonie Louise , Croy Alexander , Croy Ilona , Hummel Thomas
Published: December 2023

The sense of smell is based on sensory detection of the molecule(s), which is then further perceptually interpreted. A possible measure of olfactory perception is an odor-independent olfactory perceptual fingerprint (OPF) defined by Snitz et al. We aimed to investigate whether OPF can distinguish patients with olfactory dysfunction (OD) due to coronavirus disease (COVID-19) from controls and which perceptual descriptors are important for that separation. Our study included 99 healthy controls and 41 patients. They rated 10 odors using 8 descriptors such as “pleasant,” “intense,” “familiar,” “warm,” “cold,” “irritating,” “edible,” and “disgusting.” An unsupervised machine learning method, hierarchical cluster analysis, showed that OPF can distinguish patients from controls with an accuracy of 83%, a sensitivity of 51%, and a specificity of 96%. Furthermore, a supervised machine learning method, random forest classifier, showed that OPF can distinguish patients and controls in the testing dataset with an accuracy of 86%, a sensitivity of 64%, and a specificity of 96%. Principal component analysis and random forest classifier showed that familiarity and intensity were the key qualities to explain the variance of the data. In conclusion, people with COVID-19-related OD have a fundamentally different olfactory perception.
Tracking reproductive events: Hoof growth and steroid hormone concentrations in hair and hoof tissues in moose (Alces alces)
Authors: Keogh Mandy J , Thompson Daniel P , Crouse John A
Published: December 2023

Measurements of reproductive and stress-related hormones in keratinous tissues (e.g. hair, claws, hooves, baleen) can provide a record of stress and reproductive response in wildlife. We evaluated a method to collect keratin tissue from hooves of immobilized moose (Alces alces) and validated enzyme immunoassays for measuring cortisol and progesterone in hooves and hair. We also measured the annual growth and wear rates of moose hooves. Progesterone (range: 1.0–43.7 pg/mg) and cortisol (range: 0.05–2.9 pg/mg) were measurable and showed variation among hoof samples and moose. Pregnant females had twice as high progesterone concentrations (18.00 ± 3.73 pg/mg) from hoof sample locations post breeding compared to non-pregnant moose (9.40 ± 0.25 pg/mg). Annual hoof growth differed between the front (5.58 ± 0.12 cm) and rear (4.73 ± 0.13 cm) hooves and varied by season with higher growth rates during summer which decreased into autumn and winter. Adult female hooves represented between 1.6 and 2.1 years of growth and included up to two reproductive cycles. We established a method to estimate hoof growth rate and applied this to postmortem samples and were able to detect previous pregnancies. Shoulder guard hairs grew between August and March including during late gestation; however, hair progesterone concentrations (range: 2–107.1 pg/mg) were not related to reproductive state. Hair cortisol concentrations in our study (range: 0.2–15.9 pg/mg) were within the range of values previously reported for cervids. Our study supports the use of hooves for longitudinal sampling and measuring reproductive and stress-related hormones, providing a new tool for tracking reproductive events and understanding what variables may contribute to population level changes in reproduction.