bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Technological Processes for Obtaining Monolithic Polydisperse Protein-Base Systems
Authors: Parshina S.A. , Sokolov A.Yu. , Savchenko E.O.
Published: October 2018

This research addresses the challenges of sustainable use of natural polymers, including in technical fields. One of the leading trends in science and industry headway today lies in designing advanced functional materials, e.g. for manufacturing medical items, technical devices, food-processing tools et al. For this purpose, universally applicable technological processes are being developed, including in biotechnology. One of the main goals of this research is to explore ways to consolidate living systems, by instilling in them desirable physical and chemical properties so as to diversify their applications, including in technical fields. Polymers structure and properties have been investigated via raster electron microscopy, spectral analysis, et al.
Photometric Method of Diagnosis of Bearing Units Operating with Hydrocarbon Mixtures
Authors: Gryadunova E.N. , Polyakov R.N. , Tokmakov N.V.
Published: October 2018

The article is devoted to the diagnosis of bearing units working with hydrocarbon mixtures. The diagnostic is based on the photometric method. This method allows you to determine the internal damage to the bearing unit at the stage of the appearance of the microcrack. The photometric method is based on changing the color of the indicator fabric. As the indicator substance, a bromine solution was used which had a dark brown color. If there is a leak, the hydrocarbon reacts with bromine molecules and a bright spot appears on the tape. Indicator fabric is applied to the bearing unit during assembling.The material of the article contains a model of the physicochemical process, which is the basis of the photometric method. Various stages of leakage of hydrocarbon mixtures through microcracks were studied. The results of the experimental studies are consistent with the theoretical propositions. The proposed diagnostic method can be used as a method for non-destructive testing of bearing units.
Video Control Application for Increasing of Materials Spectral Analysis Accuracy
Authors: Kuznetsov A.A. , Bryukhova A.S.
Published: October 2018

The article shows ways to improve spectral analysis of materials accuracy. It is proposed to perform image processing of a low-temperature plasma cloud during the analysis of the quantitative composition of materials. The experiment and addition of technical equipment of the spectrometer with a video surveillance system are described. An algorithm data processing is given that obtained during by testing of standard samples in various regimes in which the quantitative composition of various materials is determined This paper describes the addition of radiation control sensors to modern spectrometer. The given conditions and standard samples used to obtain the main results.
Creation of Oil-Filled Composites of Tribotechnical Purpose Based on Aromatic Polyamide Phenylone C-2
Authors: Ivanochkin Pavel G. , Dolgopolov K.N. , Danilchenko Sergey A.
Published: October 2018

The authors of the paper suggested a recently developed technology of creating oil-filled composites based on aromatic polyamide Phenylone C-2. The depicted approach originates in the functional modification of the matrix base with nanomodified fillers and nanodimensional additives. The paper formulated the principles of absorption modification of mineral nanofiller for creating universal inhibitors of tribosystem or oleaginous polymer, more known as «maslyanit». It was demonstrated that the efficiency of polymer filling is enhanced by the joint application of the methods of preliminary solvent cleaning and dispersion of mineral particles to the nanodispersed state. The increase of the sorption capacity of natural and synthetic minerals was carried out by acid modification of minerals. A set of comparative tribological tests on a friction machine of Amsler II 5018 type according by a «finger-roller» scheme without external lubrication was carried out to evaluate the resistance of composite materials to abrasion at a constant specific pressure. It was found that the introduction of PFPE oil led to a significant decrease of the coefficient of friction practically in the entire loading range only in composites containing Aerosil. While the introduction of PMPS oil, in contrast, strengthened the antifriction effect of the samples, containing spinel and serpentine, in the load range of 209-720 N. The study of physical and mechanical properties of composites was carried out by NanoTest 600 complex. It was established that the samples with the addition of Arimid are characterized with the highest physical and mechanical properties. Besides, it as noted that the addition of PFPE and PMPS oils when creating oil-filled composites results in 20-25% decrease the microhardness and modulus of elasticity values. The carried out researches allowed concluding that the composite with that composition is most suitable for use in non-lubricated friction units.
The Influence of Structure-Forming Factors on the Properties of Polymer Composite Material under Static Loading
Authors: Korneeva A.O. , Saprykin R.Yu. , Bondarev A.B.
Published: October 2018

The peculiarities of influence of static load on strength characteristics of polymer concretes based on furfural acetone monomer (FAM) are considered in the article. Resistance of static load fatigue is an independent strength characteristic, which should enter into the practice of mechanical testing of materials possessing elastoplastic properties. The regression equation has been obtained as a result of the experiment on a polymer composite material (PCM), which allowed constructing the response surface of the static loading of the polymer composite material based on the resin FAM. A second-order plan for three factors studying static load of a tested composite material is also presented in the paper. It has been established that the ratio of the polymer component to the filler spreading factor is the fundamental ideas influencing the cyclic durability of polymer concretes, while the thickness of the polymer bonding layer and the coarse aggregate are an insignificant factor.
The Structure, Phase Composition and Rheological Properties of Powders Obtained by Chemical Dispersion of Al Alloys with Mo, V and Zr
Authors: Omarov A.Yu. , Shlyapin A.D.
Published: October 2018

Introduction of refractory elements into alumina ceramics to improve its properties, is usually carried out by mixing the alumina with oxides of refractory metals. In this work this problem has been solved by pre-alloying refractory element with aluminum and subsequent dispersion of alloy in aqueous alkaline solutions. Characteristics of microstructure, phase composition and rheological properties of powders obtained by chemical dispersion of alloys Al-Mo, Al-V and Al-Zr with 10 wt.% refractory element in 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, as well as the impact of heat treatment at 1250 oC on these properties, have been discussed. On the basis of X-Ray analysis (XRA) and electron microscopy the conclusion was adopted that heat treatment of powder leads to significant phase and structural transformations of such powders and is a necessary stage of preparation for sintering.
About the Possibility of Increase in CGI Properties by Austempering
Authors: Panov A.G. , Gurtovoy D.A. , Shaekhova I.F.
Published: October 2018

The first results of the complex researches by NChI KFU, KAMAZ and RC Modificator of influence of heat treatment on CGI structure and properties are presented in the article. It is shown that austempering of CGI raises its strength characteristics more than twice and, thanks to good foundry properties, exclusively highs the resistance of deformation, good damping capacity and machinability, allows to expand CGI applications, in particular, instead of the alloyed SGI, including ADI.
About Turning the Surface of a Part Formed by a Combination of Dissimilar Structural Materials with Break Elements
Authors: Kudryashov E.A. , Smirnov I.M. , Pavlov Evgeniy V.
Published: October 2018

The modern machinery production preserves the trend for the constructive complication of products remains, the inclination not only to use new construction materials but also the substitutes for metals. On the one hand, such solutions allow reducing the metal consumption of machines and improving the performance characteristics of equipment, which is especially important when working with high pressure, humidity and aggressive substances. On the other hand, there is a technological complication of machinability of the listed structures consisting of a combination of dissimilar structural materials (for example, metal-plastic). In addition, the machinable surfaces may have the break elements formed by the secondary structural elements (for example, grooves, protrusions, hollows, small holes and other elements of different numbers, combinations, shapes, and locations). One of the main metal working tasks is to prepare the reliable documentation required for the process engineer to machine such products of the highest constructive and technological complexity.
Adaptation of the Methodology of Designing Cylindrical Milling Processes to the Profile Milling Processes
Authors: Gusev V.G. , Fomin Anatoly A. , Sadrtdinov A.R.
Published: October 2018

The processes of cylindrical and profile milling of wood are considered, it is noted that when designing the technological operations of cylindrical milling, a large theoretical and experimental backlog created by scientists and specialists of woodworking complex enterprises is used. At the same time, profile milling of wood does not have such a knowledge base as cylindrical, it needs an effective technique for designing technology, equipment, cutting tools and automation tools for processing and control processes. It is proposed to use the accumulated knowledge and experience in the field of cylindrical milling in the development of equipment and technology for profile milling of wood, for which an analytical model of the correction coefficient for profile milling was developed and experiments were conducted to justify its adequacy. With the use of high-speed photography, we studied the removal of stocks for cylindrical and profile milling of wood, which resulted in a more significant dispersion of chips in the process of shaped milling, which is reflected in an increase in the power consumption of milling. The use of a correction factor for profile milling allows using the knowledge base created by predecessors in the field of woodworking and adapting a well-known technique to the processes of profile milling of stemwood and large sawmilling wastes.
Comparative Evaluation of Analytical Methods for the Determination of Coefficients of Friction and Stresses when Wire Rod Drawing
Authors: Platov Sergey I. , Nekit V.A. , Ogarkov Nikolay N.
Published: October 2018

The article discusses the process of wire drawing of circular cross-section. The study of stresses of wire drawing in conditions of plane plastic flow was held. As theoretical framework the study was adopted the method of characteristics, a special case, having the definitive decision. Stresses during wire drawing are defined by decomposing the decision into two components of plane strain and the superposition of these decisions. The results of theoretical solution of the problem of wire drawing were used to determine the coefficients of friction on the surface of contact of the tool and the work piece during the deformation of steel with a diameter of 5.5 mm. It is recommended to use two-dimensional methods of solution in the analysis of the process of wire drawing in conditions with a high hearth of plastic deformation (with the relative height of the hearth of plastic deformation 2 and bigger). The theoretical dependences between the friction coefficients at the contact surface of the work piece and the tool was obtained. The obtained values of coefficients of friction can be used over solving the task of the wire drawing in conditions with a high hearth of plastic deformation.
Effect of Organoclays on Fire Resistance of Siloxane Rubbers
Authors: Gadelshin R.N. , Ponomarev P.V. , Kurbangaleeva A.R. , Volfson Svetoslav Isaakovich , Khakimullin Yuri N.
Published: October 2018

The technological progress constantly raises standards for items operated in rough conditions in order to improve their reliability in a wide range of operating temperatures, fire resistance and sustainability. Researches aimed at discovering flame retardant agents that would help to develop siloxane rubbers with increased fire-resistance are of great scientific interest and have a practical significance. We have studied the effect of aluminium hydroxide on the physical and mechanical properties and fire-resistance of siloxane rubbers. The study has shown that the aluminium hydroxide acts as an effective fire retardant at its content in the rubber over 40 % (wt.), however, it significantly decreases the physical and mechanical properties of the siloxane rubbers and causes difficulties in processing of the rubber mix. The research has shown that the additional introduction of organoclays (5 pts. wt.) improves the fire-resistance of such rubbers, the most effective being montmorillonites modified with alkylbenzyldimethylammonium chloride.
Determination of Beta-Transus Temperature of Two-Phase Titanium Alloys Using Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Authors: Gadeev D.V. , Illarionov A.G.
Published: October 2018

The new technique has been developed for measuring the β-transus temperature of (α+β)-titanium alloys with any initial microstructure by means of the DSC method. The technique is based on a linear correlation between extremums of temperature on the DSC time-derivative curve, the Mo-equivalent of an alloy and the equilibrium β-transus temperature. The developed technique enables the determination of the β-transus temperature with the use of a single specimen and it is characterized by high accuracy comparable with that of structural analysis techniques.
Heat Treatment Regimes Influence on Mechanical Properties of Forging Products of α+β- and Pseudo- β-Titanium Alloys
Authors: Egorova Yuliia B. , Davydenko Lyudmila V. , Chibisova E.V.
Published: October 2018

The paper provides the results of statistical research of the mechanical properties of deformed semi-finished titanium alloys Ti-6Al-4V and Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, based on the industrial data analysis. The research objects were 1.635 forging products, made of the alloys ВТ6 (Ti-6Al-4V) and Ti-10-2-3 (Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al), manufactured in compliance with the industrial technology. The statistical research conducted with the help of the applied software package "Stadia 7" included the primary statistical manipulation and a correlation-regression analysis with the help of standard methods. The authors established correlation relationships between the mechanical properties of such semi-finished products containing alloying elements, admixtures and the industrial modes of the strengthening heat treatment. It was revealed that the variations in the grade composition, hardening and aging temperature can determine 10-40% of variable forging mechanical properties. The key variation is pre-determined by the factors the authors failed to identify on the basis of the data research.
Analysis of Elastoplastic Behavior Model of Antifriction Polymers
Authors: Kamenskikh A. , Bartolomey M.
Published: October 2018

The analysis of properties of the antifriction materials suitable for use as materials of a surface of sliding of contact nodes was made and the elastoplastic model for the description of their behavior has been chosen in the work. The general mathematical statement of the problem of friction contact interaction of two elastic bodies through an elastoplastic antifriction layer taking into account all types of a contact state has been made. Check of mathematical statement within numerical realization of an experiment on uniaxial compression of a sample by press plates taking into account friction on the interfaced surfaces has been executed. Assessment of convergence of the numerical solution of the task of contact parameters depending on a number of nodal unknowns has been made, optimum finite element decomposition of the model has been chosen. It has been established that the numerical solution gives a good quantitative capability to results of a natural experiment. It has been established that all paths of deformation have small curvature in all considered points of the polymeric cylindrical sample.
Effect of Thermochemical Treatment on the Structure and Mechanical Properties of Materials Based on Aluminum Oxide
Authors: Mikhailov Gennady G. , Lonzinger Tatiana M. , Skotnikov Vadim A.
Published: October 2018

According to the standard process, normal electrocorundum is heat treated at 700°C in a rotating drum followed by air cooling. Such heat treatment increases the strength characteristics of abrasive grain. When abrasive paper made from grains with reduced brittleness is working, the effect of reducing the cutting ability due to damage and failure of the cutting surfaces is observed.
An increase in the performance characteristics of the abrasive paper was studied by improving the self-sharpening of the grain. Improvement of this performance is achieved by thermochemical treatment in a regulated gas atmosphere and cooling according to a special schedule. Normal electrocorundum during heat treatment in an oxidizing atmosphere changes the structural characteristics due to the decomposition of a solid solution of Ti2O3 in α-Al2O3 by oxidation to TiO2. The formation of a block grain structure with microcracks increases the probability of chipping during the grinding tool operation and the appearance of new cutting surfaces.
Influence of the Roughness on the Mechanical Properties of Ti-6Al-4V Products Prepared by Direct Laser Deposition Technology
Authors: Shalnova S.A. , Klimova-Korsmik Olga G. , Gushchina M.O.
Published: October 2018

This article presents the technology of direct laser deposition. This technology is one of the most perspective new technologies. It allows realizing heterophase process during the manufacturing, in which the process of partial melting of the used powder is realized. The product is formed from a metal powder, which is supplied by a compressed gas-powder jet directly into the laser action zone. Ti-based alloys are interesting for many industrial areas, for example, engine systems, aircraft and shipbuilding, because of their corrosion resistance, low density and high strength. The influence of roughness on the mechanical properties of Ti-based products prepared by direct laser deposition was studied. It was found that the surface roughness distorts the values of the mechanical characteristics.
Influence of the State of the Contact Surfaces on the Formation of the Joint of Steel and Brass during Cold Cladding
Authors: Shaparev A.V. , Savin I.A.
Published: October 2018

Joint plastic deformation of the components of bimetal 1 according to OST 3-6648-91 brass L90-steel 18JUA-brass L90 should be produced with the greatest possible compression to obtain the necessary strength of the joining of the layers, ensuring the strip looking into a roll without stratification. Preparation of contact surfaces before cold cladding is one of the most important technological operations. The influence of such factors on the strength of the bonding of bimetal layers as the surface hardening of contact surfaces, the microgeometry of contact surfaces, the temperature of diffusion annealing after cladding, the influence of the ratio of the thicknesses of bimetal layers was investigated. Technological recommendations for the production of bimetal 1 on OST 3-6648-91 brass L90-steel 18JUA-brass L90 by the method of cold cladding are developed.
Research Regarding Heat Treatment Influence on Properties of Chromic Steel 40H GOST 4543-71(DIN 41Cr4, Gb 40Cr, ASTM 5140) with Quenching in Polymer Solution with Purpose of Matching Tubing Pipes which Used in Oil and Gas Extraction
Authors: Dzhabbarov S.N. , Pryakhin E.I. , Germanov A.A.
Published: October 2018

According to GOST 4543-71, steel 40H refers to the group of chromium steels. It is a low-alloy constructional steel of pearlite class. The paper presents a theoretical and experimental research activity carried out in order to improve the properties of the 40H steel. The results permit the selection of the right heat-treatment parameters that offer the best combination between the yield strength, tensile strength, elongation, necking, impact strength at low temperature and hardness, in order to obtain a better behavior of the material for production tubing pipes in accordance with GOST 633 Tubing pipes and couplings for them, for strength group M and L.
Statistical Analysis Method of the Grain Structure of Nanostructured Single Phase Metal Materials Processed by High-Pressure Torsion
Authors: Stolbovsky Alexey V. , Farafontova Elena P.
Published: October 2018

The statistical analysis method of the grain structure in bulk single-phase metal materials subjected to high-pressure torsion is proposed. The possibility of methods division of mathematical statistics observed in the grain structure materials by their sizes with the several groups identification, having various behavior at further heating is presented. The example of the grain structure analysis on the nanostructured tin bronze is given. The agreement of the received analysis results with experimental data is offered.
Strength of a Threaded Joint on Cut in Holes with Flanges Formed by a Rotating Punch in Thin-Sheet Work-Pieces
Authors: Shalamov P.V. , Cherepkov I.D. , Kulygin V.L.
Published: October 2018

The main problem of shaping threaded holes in sheet blanks with a thickness of less than two millimeters is to obtain a threaded surface that provides the necessary strength of the threaded connection. The method of forming holes with flanges in sheet blanks by rotating punch (thermal drilling) has wide technological capabilities. The rotational speed of the punch, as well as its axial feed, affect the shape, size and properties of the material of the resulting hole, which in its turn affects the length of the screwing and the strength of the threaded joint.
Structure Formation in High-Nitrogen Steel during Heat Treatment
Authors: Berezovskaya Vera V. , Merkushkin Eugeny A. , Raskovalova Yu. A.
Published: October 2018

Steel 06Cr18Mn19Mo2N (P900N + Mo) was chosen to study the phase composition and structural transformations occurring in high-nitrogen nickel-free austenitic steels as a result of heat treatments to which they are exposed during production or operation. The methods of light and electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and dilatometric analysis were used in the work. The heat treatment scheme included hot plastic deformation, quenching and aging over a wide temperature range. It is shown that after the hot plastic deformation and quenching from 1050-1150 °С, and also after quenching with subsequent aging at 300 and 500 °С, the structure consists of austenite and isostructural matrix of nanoscale nitrides CrN. Thermal aging of steel at 700-750 °C causes the formation of Mo2N nitrides along the grain boundaries, and at 800 °C the decomposition of austenite is accompanied by a discontinuous reaction γγdepleted + σ with the formation of the χ-phase at prolonged exposures.
Study of Interstitial Impurities Influence on Properties of Titanium Alloy Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-1Zr
Authors: Zhelnina A.V. , Illarionov A.G. , Trubochkin A.V.
Published: October 2018

The effect of different interstitial impurities content (oxygen, carbon) on β - transus temperature and complex of properties in the heat-strengthened condition of the Ti-5Al-5V-5Mo-3Cr-1Zr (VST55531) titanium alloy has been studied. The possibility of determining alloy β - transus temperature by the differential scanning calorimetry method with accuracy comparable with the test quenching method is shown in this paper. It is shown that under identical aging regimes an increase of oxygen content from 0.176 to 0.25 wt.% and carbon content from 0.009 to 0.025 wt.% in VST55531 alloy results in higher strength, plastic characteristics and lower ductility, toughness characteristics, especially those which related to the crack propagation.
The Effect of Annealing on Mechanical Properties, the Number of Fluidity, and the Size of Coherent Scattering Regions in AMg1, AMg5, and AMg6 Alloys
Authors: Lukonina Natalya , Nosova Ekaterina , Grechnikov Fedor V.
Published: October 2018

The paper presents the results of research of the structural blocking influence in Al-Mg sheet aluminum alloys on the change in mechanical properties and the stamp ability after cold working and annealing. The study was provided on sheet billets of AlMg1, AlMg5 and AlMg6 alloys containing respectively 1, 5 and 6 mass.% Mg. The initial thickness of the blanks is 2.5 mm. The blanks were cold rolled with a reduction rate of 30%. To eliminate the cold working hardening alloys were subjected to annealing at temperatures of 380 and 420°C for 1 hour. The charts of tensile strength, yield stress, and elongation change are plotted, depending on the state of the samples. Stamping was evaluated by the stamping ratio σ0.2/σb. To analyze the alloys’ grain structure blocking, the change in the size of the coherent scattering areas was estimated on the basis of X-ray diffraction studies. It is established that annealing leads to a significant decrease in the tensile strength, yield stress and elongation growth of alloys AlMg1, AlMg5 and AlMg6 sheet samples in the annealing temperature interval 380...420 ̊С. Despite the high plasticity of the AlMg1 alloy, it has lower stamping characteristics than alloys with higher magnesium content (AlMg5 and AlMg6). The yield stress of alloys decreases with increasing of annealing temperature, which indicates an increase in their stamping ability after annealing. The change in the coherent scattering areas sizes in alloys depends on the magnesium content. With an increase in the magnesium content, the coherent scattering area size increase with the annealing temperature. For an AlMg1 alloy, annealing after cold rolling does not lead to a change in the coherent scattering area size.
High Performance Thermal Grease with Aluminum Nitride Filler and an Installation for Thermal Conductivity Investigation
Authors: Shishkin R.A. , Zemlyanskaya A.P. , Beketov A.R.
Published: October 2018

A huge increase in performance of devices within the sizes and weight decrease result in high performance thermal interface materials (TIM) are indispensable to application. Thermal grease is one of the most commonly used TIM types. Zinc-oxide based thermal grease (KPT-8) has a low thermal conductivity that leads to overheating. New silicone oil – aluminum nitride high performance thermal grease has been studied. Also the installation for thermal conductivity investigation has been designed and produced. Thermal conductivity value of aluminum nitride-silicone oil thermal grease with 50 % volume fraction was 1,130±0,056 W/(m K), that is 40 % higher than KPT-8 thermal conductivity. Thermal conductivity value was calculated by a number of theoretical models, and the results were compared to the experimental data. The best results have been obtained by modeling within Brugemman and Cheng-Vachon theories.
The Possibility of Obtaining Electrical Steel with Texture {100} <001>
Authors: Redikultsev Andrey A. , Rusakov German M. , Lobanov Mikhail L.
Published: October 2018

We have investigated the cold rolling mesostructure and recrystallization of BCC crystals {110} <110> Fe-3%Si using a method of orientation microscopy. The 40% deformation caused shear bands with habit plane at a slope of ~20 ... 28° to the direction of rolling to form a "fishbone"-type structure. The orientation of the crystal lattice in SBs was close to {100} <001>. It can be represented as a rotation around TD close to the crystallographic direction [001] at an angle of ~ ± 37°. Such disorientation corresponds to the special disorientation CSL Σ5 (36.87о, axis [001]) between SBs and the matrix. Primary recrystallization centers in previously deformed crystal {110} <110> are formed primarily in SBs. Their orientation appears to be close to the orientation {100} <001>. It has been shown that the usage of patterns of texture formation in the shear bands of original crystallites {110} <110> allows to obtain electrical steel with a cubic texture {100} <001>.
To the Influence of the Deformation Speed on Hardening Process during the Cold Sheet Forming
Authors: Tipalin Sergey A. , Petrov Michael A. , Shpunkin Nikolay F.
Published: October 2018

The accuracy of the simulation results of stamping processes of thin sheet material depends on the correct properties’ specification, namely stamping ability. Experiments have been carried out and the influence of the deformation speed on the hardening exponent during cold sheet metal forming was studied. It was found out, that strain changed 100 times can influence the strain grade of the hardening curve of about 10%. This regularity has been taken into consideration prior to the calculation in any CAE-software for material forming.
HN45VMTYUBR Alloy: Impact of Laser Beam Welding Modes on Microstructure and Distribution of Alloying Elements in the Seam
Authors: Baranov Dmitry A. , Parkin Anatoly A. , Zhatkin Sergey S.
Published: October 2018

The article reviews the results of experimental studies of microstructure and redistribution of alloying elements in heat-resistant alloy HN45VMTYUBR during laser beam welding (alloy produced according to GOST 5632-14). Impression of laser emission on redistribution of alloying elements throughout the depth of a welding seam is demonstrated. Analysis covers the microstructure of several welding and heat-affected zones and redistribution of the alloying elements in these zones. Increase in tungsten content in weld root is detected. Redistribution of alloying elements in welding zones is proven to impact strength characteristics of the seam.
Hydrolytic Resistance of Na2O–SiO2–SnO2 Glass System
Authors: Kovyazina I. , Vlasova Svetlana G. , Kapustin Fedor L.
Published: October 2018

The influence of SnO2 on the chemical stability of sodium silicate glasses is investigated. The six glass compositions of ySnO2–37.9Na2O–(62.1-y)SiO2, y=1–8 mol.%, system were synthesized. Thermal behavior of the glasses was studied with the methods of dilatometry and DSC. It is shown that the hydrolytic resistance increases when growing the SnO2 concentration in the glass composition at constant Na2O content.
Thermodynamic Assessment of the Na-Cu and Na-K Binary Systems
Authors: Trofimov Evgeny A. , Samoilova Olga V. , Vakhitova E.R.
Published: October 2018

The Na–Cu and Na–K systems present a big interest for the study due to the use of liquid sodium and melt of sodium and potassium in the nuclear industry as a coolant in nuclear reactors. In the present work, thermodynamic modeling of phase equilibria in the Na–Cu and Na–K systems is carried out, based on the available published experimental data. This modeling was done using the “FactSage” software package (version 7.0). The set of Redlich–Kister equation parameters was obtained, that allows to describe the dependence of Gibbs energy from composition and temperature for solutions that can be formed in the studied systems. Phase diagrams (T–x diagrams) of the investigated systems were calculated.
Hot-Rolled Texture of FCC and BCC Metals
Authors: Danilov S.V. , Reznik Pavel L.
Published: October 2018

Orientation microscopy, based on electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) has been used to study the regularities of formation of the crystallographic texture in materials with BCC and FCC lattices in the hot rolling process throughout the whole thickness of the strips. It has been established that the texture of the central layers of all samples consisted of the discrete sets of stable orientations corresponding to the cold rolling texture. In the surface layers of the samples Fe-3%Si and Al, the texture consisted of sets of discrete orientations corresponding to the shear structure. In the samples of Mo and austenitic steel, the set of discrete orientations of the surface layers matched the texture of the central layers. The difference in textures of the central and surface layers was the result of a certain stress state. The amount of friction has notably influenced the texture of the surface layer. In "hard" materials (Mo, γ-Fe), the friction was minimal, i.e. the difference in stress states of the surface and central layers was insignificant.
Production of Al-Si Alloys by the Direct Silicon Reduction from the Amorphous Microsilica
Authors: Kuz'min Mikhail P. , Kondratiev V.V. , Larionov L.M.
Published: October 2018

The survey of modern methods of silumins obtaining has been conducted. The prospects of silumins obtaining using amorphous silica caused by, firstly, with a high yield of silicon production waste; secondly, with the lost profit from their industrial use and, thirdly, with the increasing of efficiency of silumins production process by omitting partially the energy-consuming stage of metallurgical silicon production. Thermodynamic possibility of silicon dioxide reduction in aluminum melt has been determined. The method of aluminum-silicon alloys production by introducing preheated amorphous silica into the aluminum melt together with argon stream (with subsequent intensive mixing and casting into the electromagnetic crystallizer) has been studied. It has been determined that this method can allow to produce pre-eutectic aluminum-silicon alloys with more than 5 wt.% of silicon.
Rolled Metal Structure Resource Saving Preparation for Long-Length Hardened Bolt Upsetting
Authors: Pachurin G.V. , Shevchenko S.M. , Mukhina M.V.
Published: October 2018

Along with design factors, reliability of the work-pieces for machines and mechanisms is a function of the structure and the properties of the implied materials; these properties depend significantly on the kind and the mode of the process treatment. Taking into account hardwares production, along with the increased structural integrity and service reliability, a reduction of costs starts from the rolled metal production to manufacturing of the finished parts of required quality. This is particularly relevant under the conditions of mass-production. The article presents a resource saving process flow for a 40X rolled steel, developed as a result of studying the influence of thermal and plastic treatment modes on its structural and mechanical properties. The purpose of the new process flow is the production of hardened bolts, involving drawing and isothermal treatment, but excluding the volume quenching and tempering. Spheroidizing annealing is substituted with an isothermal operation, patenting, which allows to reduce energy costs and to increase environmental compatibility of production and service reliability of bolted items. This makes it possible to shorten the process chain and to reduce the cost of long-length bolts production. The method prevents any potential quench cracking, eliminates the necessity for work-pieces' straightening, decreases the risk of thread defects.
Selective Laser Melting of AlSi12 Powder
Authors: Lykov P.A. , Baitimerov R.M.
Published: October 2018

Additive manufacturing (AM) technologies make it possible to produce complex shape metallic objects from powder feedstock. AlSi12 alloy is one of the most widely used materials in selective laser melting (SLM). The large number of technological parameters involved complicate the selection of an SLM mode for obtaining a product with the required structure. The goal of this research was to determine the mode which ensures the material’s low porosity. Nine specimens were fabricated by using different SLM process parameters. The fabricated specimens have different microstructures. The lowest porosity that was achieved is about 0.5%.
Studying the Peculiarities of Steel Grinding Balls Structuring
Authors: Shaburova Nataliya
Published: October 2018

When studying a large number of steel grinding balls, which were destroyed in the course of delivery tests, an atypical structure of the balls’ central zone was detected. Namely, the presence of sites with the martensitic structure, while the main troostite structure was preserved. The balls were manufactured using the cross rolling technology. We studied the structure of the destroyed balls, as well as the composition and the structure of continuous cast billets, from which the balls were manufactured.
Stress-Strain State Exploration of Stringer Made of Composite Materials Depending on Layers Stacking Structure
Authors: Solovyev P.V. , Gomzin A.I. , Ishbulatov L.A. , Galyshev S.N. , Musin Fanil F.
Published: October 2018

In this article the results of stress-strain state investigation for composite airplane wing stringer with different layers stacking structures are presented. As an object of research, a stringer made of composite carbon with V-shaped cross-section is considered. Due to the stress-strain state analysis of various stringer structures, the most effective structure for stringer layers stacking is selected, both in the view of providing the most rigidity and optimal perception by the stringer the field of external loads, which are most typical for the conditions of its operation.
Carbon Nanotubes Microenvironment in Ionic Surfactant Water Solutions
Authors: Zueva O.S. , Mongush Y.K. , Makarova A.O.
Published: October 2018

The processes of aggregation of anionic (SDS) and cationic (CTAB) molecules into supramolecular formations and the effect of carbon nanotubes on the processes were investigated by conductometry and tensiometry methods. Concentration dependences of the specific electrical conductivity and surface tension of aqueous SDS and CTAB dispersions and suspensions of carbon nanotubes of the carbon nanomaterial Taunit in these dispersions were obtained. A conclusion on the change in the conformation of CTAB micelles in the presence of carbon nanotubes was drawn. A significant increase in the packing density of CTAB molecules and their ordering in the monomolecular layer at the water-air interface in the presence of carbon nanotubes was shown. In particular, this makes it possible to control the properties of the surfactant surface layer by means of carbon nanotubes.
Effect of Lime and Organic Binders on Clay Gold-Bearing Ores Filterability
Authors: Naumov Konstantin D. , Lobanov V.G.
Published: October 2018

The present work relates to hydrometallurgy, in particular, to gold-bearing clay ores leaching processes. The initial and agglomerated material filterability was studied. Filterability varies in different agglomeration conditions. Influence of cement, lignosulfonate, plastizer (Cemmix CemPlast), lime consumption was investigated. The negative effect of organic reagents additives, such as plasticizer (Cemmix CemPlast) and lignosulfonate, on the filtration process was established. Colmatation of agglomerated ore minimizes at CaO and Ca (OH)2 using as a modifier of the system, also phase separation in the percolation regime and under pressure proceeds without difficulty. Lime and cement joint use in the optimum proportion at clay ore agglomeration under the studied conditions reduces the filtration duration from a few hours to 2-5 minutes.
Investigation of Fuel Briquettes Properties Using Wastes of Mineral Wool Production
Authors: Zhuravlev S.Ya. , Matyukhin V.I. , Gol'tsev Vladimir A.
Published: October 2018

One of the most common melt production units in mineral wool product manufacture is a shaft type unit - cupola furnace. The process feature of raw material preparation is a screening process of both solid fuel (coke) and mineral matter (gabbro, limestone). At that quite large amount of fine fraction materials is generated, which are impossible to be used in a cupola furnace considering severe fractional makeup requirements for the charge materials. The usage of fine fraction is possible with a briquetting process. Four-component mixture involving mineral matter (gabbro), coke fines, binding agents and water was used for a trial lot briquette formation. The binding agent most efficient for their formation was determined experimentally. It was established that drying time sufficient to get a strong product comprises 10 minutes at the temperature of 100 °С. STA 449 F3 Jupiter unit was used for thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses and coke fine samples were examined.
Isolation of Strontium in Antimonates
Authors: Zakharyevich Dmitry , Kuryleva Yu.N.
Published: October 2018

The results of the studies on complex oxide systems based on antimony oxide are presented with the aim to isolate strontium from radioactive wastes solutions. The compositions for experimental investigations are selected by computational screening of potentially suitable mixed oxide systems using atomistic modeling. Based on the results of experimental studies of selected compositions, methods for isolating strontium are proposed for various solutions and conditions of disposal.
Evaluation of the Processing Opportunity of Galvanic Production Sludges with Nickel Recovery
Authors: Boshnyak M.V. , Galimianov A.R. , Kolmachikhina O.B.
Published: October 2018

Recycling and storage of galvanic production sludges requires significant costs and they are strictly regulated by environmental documents. At the same time, the sludges contain a significant amount of non-ferrous metals, including nickel, which are preferable to extract. To evaluate the extracting nickel possibility from the sludges and selecting a method for their processing, it is necessary to study the chemical, phase, fractional material composition.
Optimization of Wastewater Treatment from Cd2+ Ions Using Slag of Electric Furnace Steelmaking Production
Authors: Kiryushina N.Yu. , Semeykin A.Y.
Published: October 2018

The process of purification of Cd2+ ions from model wastewater by the slag of electric furnace steelmaking process was investigated; the kinetic regularities of the sorption process were studied. During the work on the basis of experimental data taking into account the mass of the additive, the temperature of the reaction mixture, the duration of the contact, a mathematical simulation of the reagent-sorption purification process was carried out. Titrimetric, spectrophotometric, atomic absorption methods of investigation were used in the work, chemical composition of slag was established. The article may be of interest to specialists in the field of obtaining new adsorbents using waste products.
Technology of Producing of Sodium Hypochlorite from the Concentrate of Reverse Osmosis Systems
Authors: Fesenko L.N. , Pchelnikov Igor V. , Fedotov R.V.
Published: October 2018

One of the modern methods of water demineralization and softening for domestic and drinking purposes as well as for its preparation in industrial production is a reverse osmosis. This demineralization method is peculiar for its concentrates that are formed due to reverse osmosis membranes and nanofiltration technologies, the utilization of which continues to be an unresolved problem. The article deals with the solution of such problem to utilize those concentrates, which are obtained using reverse osmosis and nanofiltration units. In this regard, it seems promising to reduce the volume of technological concentrate at the first stage by its repeated concentration according to nanofiltration - reverse osmosis scheme. After that, the nanofiltration concentrate containing predominantly divalent Са2+, Mg2+ and SO42- ions is subjected to reagent treatment in the following sequence: first stage with barium compounds and second stage with carbonate and sodium hydroxide. Such sequence allows separating from the solution at the first stage practically insoluble BaSO4 with its precipitation in the 1st stage vortex reactor and, further precipitation of slightly soluble in alkaline medium CaCO3 and Mg (OH)2 in the ІІ stage reactor. These insoluble BaSO4, CaCO3 and Mg (OH)2 salts thrown off the mass balance are finally dehydrated using a filter press and subjected to subsequent sale as a market product or raw material. The obtained solution of sodium chloride is concentrated by 3-stage reverse osmosis resulting in a 0.8-1.0% aqueous solution (8-10 g/l) of sodium chloride solution, a high-grade raw material for the production of electrolytic sodium hypochlorite with 4-6 g/l concentration by chlorine equivalent.
Alternative Technology of Nickel-Cadmium Batteries Recycling
Authors: Barashev A.R. , Bazhenov O.V. , Tarasova Yu.O.
Published: October 2018

The issue of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling is currently relevant due to a number of aspects: economic, environmental and social. It is most acute across the national corporation JSC Russian Railways. The article deals with some technological features of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries recycling with valuable components being extracted (from the example of nickel-cadmium storage batteries of JSC "RZD" rolling equipment). The results of leaching in Trilon B synthetic oxides solution, the presence of which is possible in the raw material being processed, are presented in the study. Based on the study of leaching processes of CdO, NiO, FeO, Femet and Fe2O3 in Trilon B solution, the dependence of complexing on the pH of the solution was revealed. The experimental site of the hydrometallurgical processing of the research center (OCGP IC) in the GMO KhMC PJSC "Uralelectromed" was selected as the testing one for the technology proposed. As a raw material for the tests, a lot of negative lamellae packed in alkaline storage batteries of two different types were used. They were obtained as a result of preliminary drying and cutting at OOO Kursk factory "Accumulator". The particle size is 90% - 0.1 mm. The results obtained during the research allowed the author to formulate a hypothesis about the practical use of Trilon B for the processing of operated-off alkaline nickel-cadmium batteries with the extraction of valuable components having greater economic, environmental and social benefits compared to methods based on pyro metallurgy.
Development of the Metallurgical Waste Recovery Process
Authors: Yur'ev Boris P. , Gol'tsev Vladimir A. , Dudko Vyacheslav A.
Published: October 2018

We have developed the process that enables receiving pellets from zinc-containing dust and recovering them in a Waelz kiln with practically total zinc distillation and its capture in bag filters. As this takes place, metallic iron, still present in the pellets, can be used in metallurgical treatment. We have elaborated the process instructions to obtain pellets from zinc-containing dust with an addition of solid fuel, magnesite, and bentonite. To simulate recovery of the carbon-containing pellets in production, bench tests have been performed. These allowed us to determine principal operating conditions of the technological procedure of metallurgical zinc-containing dust recovery and validate the unit for recovery of this dust. The data obtained from the production tests prove feasibility of implementation of this process and allow assessing economic efficiency of zinc-containing dust recovery.
Novel Method for Comprehensive Processing of Low-Grade Copper Concentrate
Authors: Shoppert Andrey A. , Karimova L.M. , Zakharyan D.V.
Published: October 2018

Low grade copper concentrate, composed mainly of plagioclase, quartz, pyrite, chlorite, chalcopyrite, glauconite, is a promising source for the future recovery of copper and other valuable components which processing by existing methods is not economical. An alkali fusion-leaching method followed by acid leaching for extraction of copper, aluminum, silica, iron and silver from such low-grade copper concentrate was explored in this research. The samples were characterized by using wet chemical analysis and X-ray diffraction. An alkali-fusing-leaching method for processing of low-grade copper concentrate allows to extract in a solution of 62% Si, 70% Fe, 95% Ag, 97% Al and 98% of Cu with the following optimal parameters: NaOH/concentrate mass ratio = 175%, fusion temperature = 375 °C, the fusion time = 90 min. The proposed method is suitable for the comprehensive processing of the low-grade copper concentrate.