bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
OS PROFESSORES EM FORMAÇÃO NO LE CAMPO: uma análise decolonial
Authors: Oliveira Cleidiane Lemes de
Published: December 2019

A luta pela Educação do Campo conquistou ao longo dos anos de luta cursos específicos para a formação de professores para o campo. Na Faculdade de Educação, da UFMG, temos o primeiro curso em Minas Gerais, o LeCampo. A partir de uma perspectiva teórica decolonial, buscamos analisar as escolhas de um grupo de alunos para o ingresso no curso e, identificar quais os desafios que estão postos para a gestão do curso. Balizamos nossas análises em teóricos decoloniais como Dussel (2002) e Quijano (2005) e, em teóricos da Educação do Campo como Caldart (2014) e Arroyo (2012). Apresentamos resultados parciais de uma roda de conversa realizada com alunos e trechos da entrevista semiestruturada realizada com um professor do curso. É possível afirmar que muitas conquistas foram efetivadas ao longo da construção do projeto de Educação do Campo. O Movimento dos Trabalhadores Rurais Sem Terra tem grande responsabilidade nesse percurso, passando a educar os espaços universitários na construção de um projeto político Outro. Todavia, é necessário reforçar os laços de diálogo entre o Movimento e a Universidade para construir diálogos com os novos perfis de ingressos no curso.
Who supports gender quotas for company leadership? An empirical analysis of determinants of support and rejection among German citizens
Authors: Möhring Katja , Teney Céline , Buss Christopher
Published: December 2019

After a long and controversial debate, a statutory gender boardroom quota was introduced in Germany in 2016. We examine the determinants of support for this quota among citizens aiming to identify the social groups that approve the most and those that resent the most the quota law. The approaches of self-interest, political orientation, and exposure are used to understand variation in support from a theoretical perspective. Based on data from the German Internet Panel (GIP) surveyed in March 2017 (N=2544), individual-level and workplace-related determinants of support for the boardroom quota are analysed. Our results show a general gender gap in support for a quota with greater support among women, but reveal differences within the target group of women and within the non-target group of men. These differences demonstrate that the interplay of gender and position on the labour market is pivotal for attitudes towards affirmative action in favour of women. The quota is most supported by single women in upper management positions, while most opposed by married women and young men. This leads to the conclusion that opposition to the gender quota is greatest among those who are disregarded by the regulation or might see their prospective labour market chances to be threatened.
Dynamiken zwischen Citizenship und Arbeitsverhältnissen von Geflüchteten mit unsicherem Aufenthaltsstatus. Eine Untersuchung in gastronomischen Betrieben der Schweiz
Authors: Kalbermatter Jacqueline , Schief Sebastian
Published: December 2019

The article discusses to what extent the arrangement of migration policy, social policy and access to the labor market of Switzerland generates pronounced insecurities in the living and working reality of refugees. We analyze this by way of example of the situation of refugees with a precarious residence permit status working in the hotel and catering industry. We bring forward the argument that this group of migrants is confronted with the exclusion of rights because of the Swiss asylum policies. At the same time, the refugees face specific processes of inclusion and exclusion within the labor market because of their residence status. On account of this, we bring working conditions of refugees into the center of the analysis of citizenship policies as a constitutive element. Moreover, we analyze intra-company negotiations of citizenship as well as the according practices of refugees. The analysis of our research questions is based on a three-step data collection procedure. The combination of different methodological approaches - problem-centered interviews, participatory observation within the companies, and informal interviews

- allows for an in-depth analysis of the relationship between citizenship policies and the working conditions of refugees with a precarious residence permit status. We show that refugee workers are confronted with specific forms of disciplinary actions because of a lack of rights and accompanied intra-company citizenship policies. The workers accept the disciplinary actions and working conditions in order to acquire permanent residence in Switzerland in their struggle for citizenship rights.
Herkunftsunterschiede in der Promotionsintention. Resultat kultureller Reproduktion, bildungsbiographischer Rahmenbedingungen oder individueller Entscheidung?
Authors: Lörz Markus , Seipelt Björn
Published: December 2019

Im Zuge der Bildungsexpansion und der Bologna-Reform haben sich in Deutschland die Wege zur Promotion grundlegend verändert und mit der Ausweitung des Promotionsrechts auf die Fachhochschulen wurden die formalen Hürden einer Promotionsaufnahme weiter abgebaut. Die bisherige Ungleichheitsforschung hat sich in diesem Bereich vorwiegend auf die Universitäten konzentriert und die Frage offengelassen, an welchen vorgelagerten Schwellen der Bildungslaufbahn soziale Ungleichheiten entstehen und über welche Prozesse die sozialen Ungleichheiten beim Promotionszugang zu erklären sind. An dieser Stelle setzt der vorliegende Beitrag an und beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, warum Studierende aus weniger privilegierten Familien seltener eine Promotionsintention ausbilden und welche Rolle die Rahmenbedingungen im Elternhaus, vorgelagerte Bildungsentscheidungen und daraus resultierende Pfadabhängigkeiten sowie individuelle Merkmale spielen. Diese Frage wird anhand der dritten Welle der DZHW-Studienberechtigtenbefragung aus dem Jahr 2010 bearbeitet. Auf Basis logistischer Regressionsanalysen und einer nicht-linearen Dekompositionsanalyse zeigt sich, dass insbesondere über die Wahl der Hochschulinstitution und die Aufnahme eines medizinischen Studiums weite Teile der Herkunftsunterschiede zu erklären sind. Diese Unterschiede resultieren allerdings zu einem gewissen Grad bereits aus den unterschiedlichen kulturellen Rahmenbedingungen und Erwartungshaltungen im Elternhaus. Zudem sind es die zwischen den verschiedenen Herkunftsgruppen divergierenden Karriereambitionen, die zu den beobachtbaren Unterschieden in der Promotionsintention führen.
Öffentliche Unternehmen und Beteiligungsmanagement im kommunalpolitischen Prozess: Konzeptionelle Fundierung und Befunde einer Befragung und Dokumentenanalyse
Authors: Friedländer Benjamin
Published: December 2019

Mit Blick auf die wissenschaftliche Literatur ist festzustellen, dass sich die Diskussion um öffentliche Unternehmen vornehmlich auf isolierte Aspekte der betriebswirtschaftlichen Steuerung und Kontrolle sowie auf institutionenökonomische Analysen konzentriert. Dem Untersuchungsgegenstand fehlt es merklich an einer Einordnung in politikwissenschaftliche Kategorien und politische Rahmenbedingungen, was thematisch insb. den Beitrag öffentlicher Unternehmen und der mit ihrer Steuerung und Kontrolle befassten Akteure in kommunalpolitischen Prozessen betrifft. Auf Grundlage eines Analyse- und Interpretationsrahmens aus Policy-, Politics- und Polity-Perspektive sowie explorativen Befunden aus einer mündlichen Befragung kommunaler Entscheidungsträger und einer Dokumentenanalyse wird daher u. a. der Frage nachgegangen, welche Rolle öffentliche Unternehmen in einzelnen Phasen des politischen Prozesses leisten, wie diese Rolle und die damit einhergehenden Interaktionsmuster zu bewerten sind und welchen Einfluss das Beteiligungsmanagement bei Entscheidungsprozessen, Konfliktregelung und Konsensbildung hat.
Ableitung eines Zielsystems als Basis der Steuerung öffentlicher Theater
Authors: Ahn Heinz , Harms Sören Guntram , Spang Christoph
Published: December 2019

Trotz stetig steigender Kulturausgaben der Länder und Kommunen wird immer wieder von einer finanziellen Schieflage öffentlicher Theater gesprochen. Die Ursache für dieses Problem wird nicht zuletzt auch in der unzureichenden Anwendung betriebswirtschaftlicher Steuerungsinstrumente gesehen. Solche Instrumente stellen darauf ab, Entscheidungen konsequent an Zielen auszurichten. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, was denn eigentlich die grundlegenden Ziele öffentlicher Theater sind. Hier setzt der Beitrag an. Im Rahmen eines auf das Stakeholder-Konzept zurückgreifenden Ansatzes wird ein entscheidungstheoretisch fundiertes und empirisch validiertes Zielsystem vorgestellt.
Genossenschaften als Teil des Dritten Sektors
Authors: Zimmer Annette , Priller Eckhard
Published: December 2019

Der Beitrag konzeptualisiert Genossenschaft als Organisationsform des Dritten Sektors. Festgemacht wird dies am Entstehungskontext der Genossenschaft als moderne Organisationsform und Kombination von „Verein“ und „Wirtschaftsunternehmen“. Hybridität als synergetische Verbindung unterschiedlicher institutioneller Logiken wird als konstitutives Moment von Genossenschaft herausgearbeitet und gezeigt, dass Hybride in besonderem Maße geeignet sind, auf Herausforderungen zu reagieren, die sich infolge verstärkten Wandels von Gesellschaft und Wirtschaft ergeben. Allerdings, so die Ergebnisse empirischer Analysen, wird das innovative Potenzial der Genossenschaft derzeit nur bedingt genutzt. Es lässt sich bisher kein Gründungsboom von Genossenschaften feststellen; auch entstehen Genossenschaften bislang vorrangig in eher prosperierenden Regionen. Notwendig wäre eine stärkere Unterstützung bei der Gründung und Etablierung von Genossenschaften, insbesondere im strukturschwachen Raum.
Internationale Beziehungen – Disziplin, Sub-Disziplin oder vanity project?
Authors: Jakobi Anja P.
Published: December 2019

Diese Replik auf Justin Rosenberg geht in drei Schritten vor: Zunächst bezweifelt sie die Analyse der Disziplin der Internationalen Beziehungen (IB), die Rosenberg entwirft: Obwohl das Verhältnis zur Politikwissenschaft nicht ohne Schwierigkeiten ist, sind deren Perspektive, Forschungsinteresse und Methodik weit stärker kongruent mit der IB als Rosenberg dies postuliert. In einem zweiten Schritt wird daher der Exzeptionalismus der IB noch einmal stärker hinterfragt, auch im Hinblick darauf, was genau eine Disziplin konstituiert und welche Parallelen dabei für die IB insbesondere zur Politikwissenschaft bestehen. Im dritten Schritt wird dann zusätzlich hinterfragt, ob die durch Rosenberg attestierten Relevanzprobleme der IB wirklich die von ihm genannten sind, oder nicht andere Kriterien angelegt werden müssten - beispielsweise die Frage nach dem Mehrwert von IB-Perspektiven für unterschiedliche Communities innerhalb und außerhalb des Faches.
The dynamics of local responsibility sharing: Engagement-promoting organizations and structures in Germany
Authors: Kuhnt Janine
Published: December 2019

The opportunities to engage locally are diverse and the organizations and structures are correspondingly heterogeneous. The organizations differ in their function and logic of action from the areas of state, market and family and are part of “organized civil society”. What connects them is that they involve engagement as a resource in their provision of services; however, resources such as voluntary engagement are scarce, which leads to a competitive situation between the organizations. For non-profit organizations, engagement can serve as a competitive advantage over the private sector and basis for legitimating its functions with respect to local policies. At the same time, municipalities themselves have been increasingly creating tools and structures to promote engagement. For citizens and organizations, engagement goes hand in hand with the assumption of self­responsibility and the willingness to self­organize.
New Metrics for Spatial and Temporal 3D Urban Form Sustainability Assessment Using Time Series Lidar Point Clouds and Advanced GIS Techniques
Authors: Shirowzhan Sara , Trinder John , Osmond Paul
Published: December 2019

Monitoring sustainability of urban form as a 3D phenomenon over time is crucial in the era of smart cities for better planning of the future, and for such a monitoring system, appropriate tools, metrics, methodologies and time series 3D data are required. While accurate time series 3D data are becoming available, a lack of 3D sustainable urban form (3D SUF) metrics, appropriate methodologies and technical problems of processing time series 3D data has resulted in few studies on the assessment of 3D SUF over time. In this chapter, we review volumetric building metrics currently under development and demonstrate the technical problems associated with their validation based on time series airborne lidar data. We propose new metrics for application in spatial and temporal 3D SUF assessment. We also suggest a new approach in processing time series airborne lidar to detect three-dimensional changes of urban form. Using this approach and the developed metrics, we detected a decreased volume of vegetation and new areas prepared for the construction of taller buildings. These 3D changes and the proposed metrics can be used to numerically measure and compare urban areas in terms of trends against or in favor of sustainability goals for caring for the environment.
Capital social e clientelismo em comunidades extrativistas no sul do Amapá - Amazônia brasileira
Authors: Ribeiro Adalberto Carvalho , Chagas Marco Antonio , Nascimento Elimar Pinheiro do
Published: December 2019

O artigo analisa a dinâmica do capital social e do clientelismo em comunidades extrativistas no sul do estado do Amapá, especificadamente no Assentamento Agroextrativista do Maracá, na Reserva Extrativista do Rio Cajari e na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Rio Iratapuru. A capacidade organizacional dessas comunidades, elevadas há pouco tempo ao status de populações tradicionais, ainda gera controvérsia entre pesquisadores. Essas comunidades preservam formas coletivas de solucionar problemas, contudo, quando as ações são mais complexas expressam maiores dificuldades em seguir adiante. Os resultados apontam capacidade organizacional e existência de capital social comunitário para resolver determinadas questões mais simples. Porém, existem evidências contundentes de interesses clientelistas nas unidades estudadas, com variações que se manifestam por meio de relações comerciais, formas de aviamento e pela presença de agentes políticos partidários, estes muitas vezes representados pela própria liderança comunitária.
Family Farming and Biodiesel: rural development in Central-Western Brazil
Authors: Rodrigues Marcos , Silva Felipe Deodato da Silva e , Silva David Costa Correia
Published: December 2019

A produção de biodiesel no Brasil iniciou-se em 2005. O Programa Nacional de Produção e Uso do Biodiesel (PNPB) objetivou integrar agricultores familiares como fornecedores de matéria-prima para as indústrias de biodiesel, reduzindo assim a pobreza e promovendo o desenvolvimento rural. A integração de agricultores familiares foi revista devido a predominância da soja na cadeia de produção do biodiesel. Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os mecanismos institucionais desenvolvidos por agricultores familiares e agentes econômicos em Mato Grosso a partir de dois diferentes estudos que ocorreram entre 2011 e 2013. O contexto teórico da Nova Economia Institucional foi necessário para identificar os mecanismos contratuais e de mercado desenvolvidos – arrendamento de maquinário, adicional de preço, fontes de financiamento e os pacotes tecnológicos – para aumentar a renda familiar e contribuir para o sucesso do PNPB em Mato Grosso. A presença destes mecanismos em diferentes regiões indica a difusão do conhecimento na rede produtiva da soja.
STANDING, Guy. O precarizado. A nova classe perigosa. Tradução: Cristina Antunes. 1. ed. reimp. Belo Horizonte: Autêntica Editora, 2017.
Authors: Farias Silvio Kanner
Published: December 2019

Resumo do Livro do Professor Guy Satanding O precariado a nova classe perigosa enfatizando o tema do livro, as princpais categorias o desenvolvimento da argumentação e a posição do autor sobre o livro.
Políticas públicas de revitalização urbana: uma abordagem no turismo e lazer das cidades de Natal/RN e Recife/PE
Authors: Borges Aylana Laissa Medeiros , Ferreira Luana Dayse de Oliveira , Nóbrega Wilker Ricardo de Mendonça
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo tem como objetivo identificar as políticas públicas de revitalização das cidades de Natal/RN e Recife/PE. Para tanto, utilizaram-se as pesquisas do tipo bibliográfica e documental, além de sites oficiais que auxiliaram para o levantamento dos dados. Como resultados, observou-se uma tentativa de desenvolver e efetivar as políticas de forma intersetorial, a partir do envolvimento de diferentes secretarias ou departamentos do governo; percebeu-se a busca por envolver diferentes atores no processo de elaboração das políticas, em destaque a comunidade local, tanto para fins de elaboração dessas políticas quanto com relação as definições sobre a democratização do uso dos espaços; e notou-se uma resistência por parte do poder privado em investir em políticas destinadas para locais considerados de vulnerabilidade e que concentram moradores de baixa renda. Afirma-se que a relação entre setor público e privado precisa ser melhorada no sentido de convencimento de investimentos desses últimos em áreas que carecem de ser desenvolvidas como forma de contribuição da qualidade de vida da comunidade local e dos potenciais visitantes/turistas.
Extrafiscalidade ambiental – o estado do conhecimento no Brasil
Authors: Moraes William Thiago de , Sola Fernanda
Published: December 2019

O objetivo deste estudo é buscar o “estado da arte” a respeito da extrafiscalidade ambiental no Brasil, o que se justifica pelo contínuo aumento de mudanças nas legislações tributárias visando a tutela do meio ambiente por meio da tributação, assunto este que ainda encontra pequena difusão em âmbito nacional. Tomou-se como mecanismo de seleção de artigos, as publicações da última década em periódicos classificados pela Capes, que versaram sobre a intervenção do Estado com o emprego de instrumentos extrafiscais, de caráter nitidamente ambiental e inventariou 26 artigos publicados em 23 periódicos. Concluiu-se que a tributação poderá ter conotação ambiental, voltada à proteção e promoção do direito social ao meio ambiente ecologicamente equilibrado, por meio da aplicação da extrafiscalidade ambiental, não só com a majoração de tributos para aquelas atividades ambientalmente nocivas, mas também com o emprego de incentivos fiscais, como forma indutora do comportamento dos particulares em prol da proteção ambiental.
Impactos das hidrelétricas na Amazônia e a tomada de decisão
Authors: Fearnside Philip Martin
Published: December 2019

As barragens brasileiras na Amazônia têm grandes impactos sociais e ambientais, que são sistematicamente subestimados nos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) no processo de licenciamento. A equipe técnica no IBAMA, responsável pelo licenciamento, tem sido ignorado para aprovar uma série de barragens, apesar dos altos impactos, da falta de consulta aos povos indígenas e dos EIA inadequados. Há projetos de lei e propostas de emendas constitucionais que ameaçam a desconfirurar ou até eliminar o sistema de licenciamento como um todo. O uso de “suspensões de segurança” neutraliza, em grande parte, o sistema judicial em seus esforços para fazer cumprir a lei que exige a consulta aos povos indígenas ou para obrigar o cumprimento das exigências do licenciamento ambiental. A gravidade deste quadro é evidente, mas entendê-lo é o primeiro passo para que sejam mudados os sistemas de tomada de decisão e de licenciamento que levam aos impactos ilustrados pela história recente na Amazônia. O Brasil dispõe de amplas opções energéticas com menos impactos socioambientais do que as barragens que recebem prioridade hoje.
The new age of adolescence and the use of social networks in youths
Authors: Ammaniti Massimo , Cerniglia Luca
Published: December 2019

Prof. Massimo Ammaniti is considered one of the most eminent Italian psychoanalysts specialized in the area of human development. In addition to carrying out his activity as a university lecturer and carrying out his profession as a psychoanalyst, Massimo Ammaniti is also the author of more than 200 scientific publications. He is a member of the International Psychoanalytical Association and he is in the Board of the World Association of Infant Mental Health. His main interests focus on parents-children interactions, adolescence, neurobiology, and the changes in the family functioning in the modern society. In this interview, he shares his thoughts about the recent transformations in the developmental stage of adolescence and reflects on the use made by youths of today’s social networks.
Teatro e microutopias cotidianas: experiências de comunidade no espetáculo no mundo da rua
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Almeida Saulo Vinícius da Silva
Published: December 2019

A partir do conceito Viver-Junto-idiorrítmico de Roland Barthes e abrindo diálogo com o conceito de Heterotopia de Michel Foucault e as análises acerca da Arte Relacional de Nicolas Bourriaud, serão apresentadas algumas características presentes no pensamento artístico das últimas décadas, o qual nós compreenderemos aqui sob o conceito de pós-moderno. Tal discussão será a base para análise do espetáculo No Mundo da Rua, do coletivo paraibano Projeto Corpos de Saia e de sua relação com os espaços urbanos e as experiências de comunidade. A conclusão atesta que para além de propor uma breve experiência de outra possível realidade, o Viver-Junto-idiorrítmico pode desvelar, a partir da iluminação das narrativas sociais, as quais são potencializadas pela presença e performatividade de corpos com marcadores sociais da diferença, a ficcionalidade da vida vivida.
Dança diaspórica: (des)ocupações como elementos de interação
Authors:   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Nunes João Vítor Ferreira , Nunes Sandra Meyer
Published: December 2019

Trata-se, esse material, de um relato de vivência que ocorreu no ano de 2018, na cidade de Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, no 50º Festival de Inverno promovido pela UFMG, com a artista, pesquisadora e pedagoga em Dança, Dudude Herrmann (MG). O objetivo central da interlocutora é relatar o processo artístico vivenciado, da desocupação e ocupações de espaços urbanos como potência criativa em dança e a intersecção entre a mencionada linguagem com a Música. Faz-se mister apontar que ocupar territórios com arte é também um ato político, sobretudo, quando as composições artísticas ocorrem em coralidade. Para tanto, a artista-pesquisadora abarca enquanto teoria o conceito do sujeito da experiência (LARROSA, 2017) e dos ritos de passagem (GENNEP, 2011), para justificar as costuras nas práticas artísticas vivenciadas.
Na cartola de um mágico: práticas criativas e relações raciais em uma oficina de samba
Authors:   UDESC, Gonzaga Eloisa Costa , Romão Carlos Eduardo ,   UDESC, Beineke Viviane ,   Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina (UDESC), Zanetta Camila da Costa ,   Prefeitura Municipal de Florianópolis/SC
Published: December 2019

O artigo focaliza o processo de composição e gravação do samba-enredo Na Cartola de um Mágico, numa Oficina de Samba para crianças. Além da prática musical, o objetivo do trabalho foi compreender as matrizes do samba por meio de artistas que são referência nesse gênero musical, dando visibilidade a sambistas negros e negras e problematizando o seu contexto histórico e social. O tema para a composição foi escolhido coletivamente pelas crianças, que decidiram homenagear Angenor de Oliveira, o “Cartola”, grande referência do samba brasileiro. No processo de composição, as crianças puderam vivenciar práticas criativas interagindo com questões étnico-raciais, valorizando suas compreensões e diálogos nas tomadas de decisão. Acreditamos que processos pedagógico-musicais dessa natureza permitam transformar olhares para as relações étnico-raciais na Escola Básica e na Universidade, em trabalho construído com base em posicionamentos políticos de superação do racismo e das desigualdades raciais.
A importância do marketing pessoal para o médico veterinário atuante no mercado pet
Authors: Gondim Adriana Leão de Carvalho Lima , Gondim Caio Julio Cesar de Campos Braga Sousa , Macêdo Igor de Lima , Azevêdo Raquel Maria de
Published: December 2019

O setor pet encontra-se em constante expansão no Brasil, estando entre os maiores mercados mundiais da área. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo destacar a importância do estudo e conhecimento das técnicas atuais de marketing pessoal e sua aplicação no exercício da medicina veterinária, dando ênfase aos profissionais que atuam no segmento pet. Apesar do médico veterinário ser um grande agregador de valor ao mercado pet, não se observa comumente a preocupação desses profissionais com estratégias de marketing, já que muitas vezes não tiveram contato com o tema nem durante a graduação. Considerando-se a mudança de comportamento dos donos de pets que, muitas vezes, tratam o animal com membro da família e a atual competitividade do mercado veterinário, as técnicas de marketing, quando utilizadas de forma correta, são importantes ferramentas para a visibilidade e diferenciação do profissional no mercado.
Des mots aux maux de la vaccination en France : cartographie d’avis en ligne
Authors: Maubisson Laurent , Nistar Margaux , des Garets Véronique
Published: December 2019

Malgré les diverses campagnes de communication sur la vaccination en France, un problème de confiance persiste envers ce traitement préventif. De nombreux travaux traitent du rapport d’un individu à la vaccination, mais majoritairement dans une approche atomisée, en se focalisant sur une particularité de ce traitement (type de maladie…). Cette recherche étudie le rapport des individus à la vaccination de manière holistique en analysant les avis en ligne d’un échantillon ayant participé à la « Concertation citoyenne de la vaccination ». Le corpus de cette étude qualitative (5 702 avis recueillis) a fait l’objet d’une analyse lexicale automatisée. Quatre thèmes principaux apparaissent : acteurs/intérêts et conflits d’intérêt ; décision vaccinale (choix/obligation) ; objectifs et conséquences attendues de la vaccination ; actions, prévention et proximité. L’originalité de cette recherche réside dans l’analyse sémiotique de la structure de ces classes et permet de mieux comprendre les sens et non-sens de la vaccination en France.
Don du sang : comprendre la logique des donneurs et la valeur du don pour encourager le recrutement et la fidélisation des donneurs
Authors: Boch Emmanuelle , Giannelloni Jean-Luc
Published: December 2019

Avec des besoins en hausse, la collecte de sang est une priorité en matière de santé publique. Or le don du sang, bien que valorisé socialement, n’est pratiqué que par 4 % des individus en capacité de le faire, selon l’Etablissement Français du Sang. En s’appuyant sur un cadre théorique mêlant les théories du don et de la valeur, cet article vise à comprendre comment les individus deviennent donneurs et le restent. Pour cela, il se focalise à la fois sur les différentes étapes qui précèdent le passage à l’acte et sur les bénéfices retirés du don, qui en favorisent la répétition. Une étude qualitative focalisée sur les donneurs et combinant des entretiens semi-directifs, une immersion sur le terrain et des matériaux visuels, permet 1) de rendre compte des processus individuels et sociaux favorisant l’acte de don, 2) de souligner les bénéfices que les donneurs retirent de la réalisation et de la répétition de cette pratique et 3) de fournir des recommandations opérationnelles afin de recruter et de fidéliser des donneurs.
GC content shapes mRNA storage and decay in human cells
Authors: Courel Maïté , Clément Yves , Bossevain Clémentine , Foretek Dominika , Vidal Cruchez Olivia , Yi Zhou , Bénard Marianne , Benassy Marie-Noëlle , Kress Michel , Vindry Caroline , Ernoult-Lange Michèle , Antoniewski Christophe , Morillon Antonin , Brest Patrick , Hubstenberger Arnaud , Roest Crollius Hugues , Standart Nancy , Weil Dominique
Published: December 2019

mRNA translation and decay appear often intimately linked although the rules of this interplay are poorly understood. In this study, we combined our recent P-body transcriptome with transcriptomes obtained following silencing of broadly acting mRNA decay and repression factors, and with available CLIP and related data. This revealed the central role of GC content in mRNA fate, in terms of P-body localization, mRNA translation and mRNA stability: P-bodies contain mostly AU-rich mRNAs, which have a particular codon usage associated with a low protein yield; AU-rich and GC-rich transcripts tend to follow distinct decay pathways; and the targets of sequence-specific RBPs and miRNAs are also biased in terms of GC content. Altogether, these results suggest an integrated view of post-transcriptional control in human cells where most translation regulation is dedicated to inefficiently translated AU-rich mRNAs, whereas control at the level of 5’ decay applies to optimally translated GC-rich mRNAs.
Too hip for two sacral vertebrae
Authors: Stocker Michelle R
Published: December 2019

A complex pelvic morphology has been discovered in the fossils of one of the largest crocodylians.
The effect of pupil size and peripheral brightness on detection and discrimination performance
Authors: Mathôt Sebastiaan , Ivanov Yavor
Published: December 2019

It is easier to read dark text on a bright background (positive polarity) than to read bright text on a dark background (negative polarity). This positive-polarity advantage is often linked to pupil size: A bright background induces small pupils, which in turn increases visual acuity. Here we report that pupil size, when manipulated through peripheral brightness, has qualitatively different effects on discrimination of fine stimuli in central vision and detection of faint stimuli in peripheral vision. Small pupils are associated with improved discrimination performance, consistent with the positive-polarity advantage, but only for very small stimuli that are at the threshold of visual acuity. In contrast, large pupils are associated with improved detection performance. These results are likely due to two pupil-size related factors: Small pupils increase visual acuity, which improves discrimination of fine stimuli; and large pupils increase light influx, which improves detection of faint stimuli. Light scatter is likely also a contributing factor: When a display is bright, light scatter creates a diffuse veil of retinal illumination that reduces perceived image contrast, thus impairing detection performance. We further found that pupil size was larger during the detection task than during the discrimination task, even though both tasks were equally difficult and similar in visual input; this suggests that the pupil may automatically assume an optimal size for the current task. Our results may explain why pupils dilate in response to arousal: This may reflect an increased emphasis on detection of unpredictable danger, which is crucially important in many situations that are characterized by high levels of arousal. Finally, we discuss the implications of our results for the ergonomics of display design.
Ethnobotanical and Socio-economics of Dracaena camerooniana Baker in Uíge Province, Northern Angola
Authors: Monizi Mawunu , André Dionisio Canga , Luyeye Lukoki , Ngbolua Koto-te-Nyiwa , Ndiku Luyindula
Published: December 2019

Aims: The aim of this research was to contribute to the survey of ethnobotanical knowledge on the use of Dracaena camerooniana by the local communities’ bordering the tropical forests of Uíge province.

Study Design: The data collections were carried out using the semi-structured interview method. The approch methods are an ethnobotanical and socio-economics surveys populations of the study area.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was undertaken in the province of Uíge, Republic of Angola, from April 2016 to March 2018, period that covers the dry and rainy season.

Methodology: The surveys consisted in drafting a questionnaire beforehand to apprehend the knowledge and multiples uses of D. camerooniana among the surrounding population. The interview were conducted in Kikongo language and in Portuguese according to the mastered by the people surveyed.

Results: The findings show that tropical forest zones of Congolese guinea/Zambian located in Uíge Province, is full of high value non-wood forest products (NWFPs) including D. camerooniana Baker (locally called Nzala bakala or Nsala bakala). This plant species is a wild green vegetable essence appreciated by the local population and is an additional source of financial income for subsistence farmers and Hunter-gatherers. Knowledge of D. camerooniana consumption was transmitted from generation to generation by oral tradition. The study also shows that D. camerooniana is well known and used by the local communities of Uíge. Finally, the consumption and commercialization of NWFPs, such as the leaves of D. camerooniana contribute in strengthening nutrition, health, food diversity, income and livelihoods.

Conclusion: Despite its importance in food security and socioeconomic terms in both rural and urban areas, few scientific researchers have been fully interested in its valorization. In addition, the phytochemical studies should be carried out to discover the nutritional, toxic, and medicinal properties of this plant.
Use, Spending, and Prices of Adalimumab Following Biosimilar Competition
Authors: Rome Benjamin N. , Bhaskar Anushka , Kesselheim Aaron S.
Published: December 2024

This cross-sectional study examines the use, spending, and prices of adalimumab biosimilars in the first year of market competition in the US.
Mitigating Clinical Algorithmic Discrimination
Authors: Basu Anirban
Published: December 2024

This Viewpoint discusses 5 critical issues that should be considered when developing and using clinical algorithms to minimize algorithmic discrimination.
Expanding Experiential Learning in Contemporary Adult Education: Embracing Technology, Interdisciplinarity, and Cultural Responsiveness
Authors: Dillard Nicole , Sisco Stephanie , Collins Joshua C.
Published: December 2024

This article explores the evolution and expansion of experiential learning theory (ELT) within the context of contemporary adult education, emphasizing the integration of technology, interdisciplinarity, and cultural responsiveness. Although Kolb's foundational model has been instrumental in linking theoretical knowledge with practical application, its limitations—particularly in addressing the complexities of modern learning environments—are critically examined. The authors advocate for an expanded ELT framework incorporating interdisciplinary approaches to enrich adult learning experiences. By integrating digital tools, considering socio‐political contexts, and fostering collaboration, the article proposes a more inclusive and adaptable model that better aligns with the diverse needs of today's adult learners. This reconceptualization aims to enhance the relevance and efficacy of ELT, ensuring it remains a vital tool for personal, professional, and societal development in a rapidly changing world.
Older Adults and Learning and Teaching
Authors: Jin Bora
Published: December 2024

As the population ages, more older adults seek learning opportunities in various educational settings. This article highlights the understanding of older adult learners and the greater heterogeneity within this demographic. I explore why and how older adults learn, including their learning needs, the challenges of aging that may affect their learning, unique educational approaches designed for older adults—geragogy—and the application of geragogy. Finally, I conclude with the implications for supporting educators and practitioners in effectively navigating education for older adults across traditional and digital learning platforms.
Impact Driven Liquid Encapsulation: Promises, Development, and Future Prospects
Authors: Misra Sirshendu , Mitra Sushanta K.
Published: December 2024

Encapsulation creates a protective outer layer(s) around a core cargo, which safeguards the cargo in aggressive surroundings. It also serves as a platform to impart various desired characteristics to the core cargo, including shell‐functionalization and targeted release characteristics. Encapsulation can be broadly classified into three categories: physical, chemical, and physicochemical techniques. This perspective focuses on an emerging class of impact‐driven physical encapsulation techniques, which offers several lucrative prospects compared to conventional encapsulation methods, including straightforward execution and ultrafast yet controlled wrapping. Two different categories of impact‐driven methods for achieving stable, ultrafast encapsulation of various core liquid analytes with one or more wrapping layers are discussed, namely, elastocapillary wrapping with ultrathin sheet(s) and a liquid–liquid encapsulation framework, where thin liquid film(s) are used to wrap liquid analytes, with an emphasis on the latter. The promising prospects of both approaches are discussed, recent developments are outlined, and areas of future research that can lead to a truly versatile and comprehensive encapsulation platform applicable to a broad range of practical applications are highlighted.
Silicon‐Based Electrodes for Photoelectrochemical Redox Reactions
Authors: Zhao Yaxing , Sang Yuanhua , Liu Hong , Yu Xiaowen
Published: December 2024

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology is one of the most promising methods for converting solar energy into valuable fuels and chemicals. Silicon (Si), a narrow band gap semiconductor with high carrier mobility, serves as a competitive material for photoelectrodes. This review outlines the research progress of Si‐based photoanodes and photocathodes in diverse economically beneficial PEC redox reactions, extending beyond water splitting to include alcohol oxidation, carbon dioxide reduction, ammonia synthesis, organic degradation, and more. To address the key barriers to achieving efficient PEC conversion – such as slow charge carrier dynamics, sluggish reaction kinetics, and the instability of Si‐based photoelectrodes – the mechanisms and implementation methods for fabricating efficient and stable Si‐based photoelectrodes are thoroughly discussed. Finally, the challenges faced in advancing the commercialization of Si‐based PEC solar energy conversion processes are explored.
A Bifunctional Tunneling Device for Photodetection and Electroluminescence Using van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Dong Zi‐hao , Zhang Qi‐hang , Liu Kai , Fu Shao‐jie , Hong Xu‐Hao , Wang Qian‐jin , Lu Yan‐qing , Zhu Yong‐yuan , Zhang Xue‐jin
Published: December 2024

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials are widely used in various optical, electronic, and optoelectronic devices. However, the realization of visible light emission and near‐infrared photodetection functions in a single device remains a challenge. Here, an integrated dual‐functional device is developed by manipulating the excitons of WS2 within a graphene/hBN/WS2/graphene heterostructure. When operating as a photodetector at low external bias, the dark current is well suppressed by the hBN layer. With the excellent two‐photon absorption (TPA) property of monolayer WS2, the photoresponse range of the photodetector can be extended to the near‐infrared region, achieving a responsivity of up to 0.19 mA/W at 1145 nm. At high external bias, the device can work in light‐emitting mode, in which the electroluminescence (EL) wavelength can be tuned via gate voltage. This atomically thin device opens up possibilities for applications in miniaturized display, sensing, and monitoring systems.
A practical, reproducible laboratory method for assessing soil aggregate stability
Authors: Monteith Steven , Seybold Cathy , Nelson Kate
Published: December 2024

Soil aggregate stability is an important soil physical measurement that is closely related to a range of soil health functions. It is defined by its analytical method and often within‐method variability and inter‐method comparability have not been addressed and quantified. The current Natural Resources Conservation Service Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory (KSSL) method for analyzing aggregate stability uses non‐standardized equipment and hand‐sieving techniques and is not easily scalable. The objective of this study was to evaluate and modify an alternative method that uses a single sieve mechanical wet sieving apparatus (MWS method) to produce results comparable to the current KSSL method and evaluate another alternative method that uses multiple sieves in a custom‐fabricated Yoder‐type apparatus. The two methods were evaluated for efficiency, repeatability, and scalability. The MWS method uses standardized equipment and methods, which should be scalable and reproducible in different laboratories. Sample preparation, pretreatment, and sieving parameters of the MWS method were adjusted to produce analytical results which most closely matched the KSSL method. Repeated analysis of soil sample standards showed that within‐method variability of the MWS method was slightly less than in the KSSL method. In a comparison of 90 samples of widely varying properties, Lin's concordance correlation coefficient was 0.927, indicating a moderate strength of agreement between the MWS method and KSSL method. Results from a modified Yoder method were not comparable to the KSSL method, and the greater time requirements, procedural complexity, and large equipment footprint were identified as practical limitations for use in large‐scale laboratory applications.
A FRET Autophagy Imaging Platform by Macrocyclic Amphiphile
Authors: Jiang Ze‐Tao , Chen Jie , Chen Fang‐Yuan , Cheng Yuan‐Qiu , Yao Shun‐Yu , Ma Rong , Li Wen‐Bo , Chen Hongzhong , Guo Dong‐Sheng
Published: December 2024

Autophagy is a ubiquitous process of organelle interaction in eukaryotic cells, in which various organelles or proteins are recycled and operated through the autophagy pathway to ensure nutrient and energy homeostasis. Although numerous fluorescent probes have been developed to image autophagy, these environment‐responsive probes suffer from inherent deficiencies such as inaccuracy and limited versatility. Here, we present a modular macrocyclic amphiphile Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) platform (SC6A12C/NCM, SN), constructed through the amphiphilic assembly of sulfonatocalix[6]arene (SC6A12C) with N‐cetylmorpholine (NCM) for lysosome targeting. The hydrophobic fluorophore BPEA (FRET donor) was entrapped within the inner hydrophobic phase and showed strong fluorescence emission. Attributed to the broad‐spectrum encapsulation of SC6A12C, three commercially available organelle probes (Mito‐Tracker Red, ER Tracker Red, and RhoNox‐1) were selected as SC6A12C guests (FRET acceptors). During autophagy process, the formation of intracellular host–guest complexes leads to strong FRET signal, allowing us to visualize the fusion of mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, and Golgi apparatus with lysosomes, respectively. This study provides a versatile and accessible platform for imaging organelle autophagy.
Interface Engineering of MOF Nanosheets for Accelerated Redox Kinetics in Lithium‐Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Cheng Zhibin , Chen Yiyang , Lian Jie , Chen Xingli , Xiang Shengchang , Chen Banglin , Zhang Zhangjing
Published: December 2024

Modifying the separator is considered as an effective strategy for achieving high performance lithium‐sulfur (Li‐S) batteries. However, most modification layers are excessively thick, with catalytic active sites primarily located within the material′s interior. This configuration severely impacts Li+ transport and the efficient catalytic conversion of polysulfides. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop a multifunctional separator that integrates ultrathin design, catalytic activity, and ion sieving capabilities. Herein, we successfully linked TCPP(Ni) as a secondary ligand with Zr‐BTB nanosheets to create an ultra‐thin separator modification layer (Zr‐TCPP(Ni)) with efficient ion sieving and catalytic properties. The resultant multifunctional separators provide robust ion sieving capabilities that promote rapid Li+ transport and intercept polysulfides shuttling. Therefore, The Zr‐TCPP(Ni)@PP cell maintains 70.0 % of its initial capacity after 600 cycles at a high rate of 3 C, while achieving an impressive areal capacity of 4.55 mA h cm−2 even with high sulfur content of 80 wt% at 0.5 C. This work provides valuable insights for rational design of MOF interface engineering in high energy density Li‐S batteries.
Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and Thermal Decomposition Kinetics of Six New Lanthanide Complexes
Authors: Song Zihe , Liu Zejun , Zhao Jinjin , Ren Ning , Zhang Jianjun
Published: December 2024

Six novel binuclear complexes have been reported in this paper: [Ln(2‐Cl‐6‐FBA)2(5,5′‐DM‐2,2′‐bipy)(NO3)]2, (Ln = Nd(1), Pr(2)); [Ln(2‐Cl‐6‐FBA)3(5,5′‐DM‐2,2′‐bipy)(H2O)]2, (Ln = Gd(3), Er(4), Eu(5), Ho(6); 2‐Cl‐6‐FBA = 2‐chloro‐6‐fluorobenzoate; 5,5′‐DM‐2,2′‐bipy = 5,5′‐dimethyl‐2,2′‐bipyridine). The complexes underwent comprehensive characterization, incorporating both elemental analysis and X‐ray diffraction (XRD) methodologies. The subsequent X‐ray single‐crystal structure diffraction analysis illuminated the existence of diverse coordination characteristics within these complexes: the coordination number of complexes 1 and 2 is 9, and the coordination number of complexes 3–6 is 8. The fluorescence spectra of complex 5 were obtained by fluorescence test. The detailed decomposition processes of the six complexes were studied by TG‐DTG‐DSC/FTIR technique. The nonisothermal kinetics of complex 6 at the third step were discussed by using M. J. Starink method, NL‐INT method, and double equal‐double step method.
Life Course Considerations in Environmental Health: Developmental Neurotoxicity of Domoic Acid at Doses Below Acute Effect Levels in Adult Humans
Authors: Campbell Marlissa A. , Murphy Shannon R. , Klasing Susan A. , Niknam Yassaman , Iyer Poorni , Stanton Beckye , Zeise Lauren
Published: December 2024

Background

Current US federal action levels for domoic acid (DA) in seafood are based on acute toxicity observed in exposed adult humans. Life course considerations have not been incorporated. The potential for developmental neurotoxicity (DNT) at permissible DA levels has previously been noted, but not methodically assessed.

Methods

Studies of DNT following DA exposure in experimental and wild animals were identified through a comprehensive search strategy. Evidence from papers meeting inclusion criteria was evaluated for specific outcomes reported for doses at which adverse effects were observed. Exposure levels associated with DNT were compared with those known to cause adult toxicity. The findings are discussed in the context of the well‐characterized mechanism of DA neurotoxicity, as well as the toxicokinetics of DA across species and life stages.

Conclusions

DNT outcomes were reported with a no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) 10 times lower than the NOAEL of 0.75 mg DA/kg for acute effects in adults. Apart from reviewing current regulatory action levels, public health outreach messaging to health care professionals and sensitive populations, such as pregnant or breastfeeding women, should be considered as a means of increasing awareness about risk for DNT from consumption of potentially DA‐contaminated seafood.