bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Co-expression networks in Chlamydomonas reveal significant rhythmicity in batch cultures and empower gene function discovery
Authors: Salomé Patrice A , Merchant Sabeeha S
Published: January 2021

The unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a choice reference system for the study of photosynthesis and chloroplast metabolism, cilium assembly and function, lipid and starch metabolism, and metal homeostasis. Despite decades of research, the functions of thousands of genes remain largely unknown, and new approaches are needed to categorically assign genes to cellular pathways. Growing collections of transcriptome and proteome data now allow a systematic approach based on integrative co-expression analysis. We used a dataset comprising 518 deep transcriptome samples derived from 58 independent experiments to identify potential co-expression relationships between genes. We visualized co-expression potential with the R package corrplot, to easily assess co-expression and anti-correlation between genes. We extracted several hundred high-confidence genes at the intersection of multiple curated lists involved in cilia, cell division, and photosynthesis, illustrating the power of our method. Surprisingly, Chlamydomonas experiments retained a significant rhythmic component across the transcriptome, suggesting an underappreciated variable during sample collection, even in samples collected in constant light. Our results therefore document substantial residual synchronization in batch cultures, contrary to assumptions of asynchrony. We provide step-by-step protocols for the analysis of co-expression across transcriptome data sets from Chlamydomonas and other species to help foster gene function discovery.
Left superior temporal sulcus morphometry mediates the impact of anxiety and depressive symptoms on sleep quality in healthy adults
Authors: Wang Yanlin , Jiang Ping , Tang Shi , Lu Lu , Bu Xuan , Zhang Lianqing , Gao Yingxue , Li Hailong , Hu Xinyu , Wang Song , Jia Zhiyun , Roberts Neil , Huang Xiaoqi , Gong Qiyong
Published: January 2021

Anxiety and depressive symptoms may predispose individuals to sleep disturbance. Understanding how these emotional symptoms affect sleep quality, especially the underlying neural basis, could support the development of effective treatment. The aims of the present study were therefore to investigate potential changes in brain morphometry associated with poor sleep quality and whether this structure played a mediating role between the emotional symptoms and sleep quality. One hundred and forty-one healthy adults (69 women, mean age = 26.06 years, SD = 6.36 years) were recruited. A structural magnetic resonance imaging investigation was performed, and self-reported measures of anxiety, depressive symptoms and sleep quality were obtained for each participant. Whole-brain regression analysis revealed that worse sleep quality was associated with thinner cortex in left superior temporal sulcus (STS). Furthermore, the thickness of left STS mediated the association between the emotional symptoms and sleep quality. A subsequent commonality analysis showed that physiological component of the depressive symptoms had the greatest influence on sleep quality. In conclusion, thinner cortex in left STS may represent a neural substrate for the association between anxiety and depressive symptoms and poor sleep quality and may thus serve as a potential target for neuromodulatory treatment of sleep problems.
Receptors in the Induction of the Plant Innate Immunity
Authors: Yu Tian-Ying , Sun Meng-Kun , Liang Li-Kun
Published: January 2021

Plants adjust amplitude and duration of immune responses via different strategies to maintain growth, development, and resistance to pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) play vital roles. Pattern recognition receptors, comprising a large number of receptor-like protein kinases and receptor-like proteins, recognize related ligands and trigger immunity. PTI is the first layer of the innate immune system, and it recognizes PAMPs at the plasma membrane to prevent infection. However, pathogens exploit effector proteins to bypass or directly inhibit the PTI immune pathway. Consistently, plants have evolved intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins to detect pathogenic effectors and trigger a hypersensitive response to activate ETI. PTI and ETI work together to protect plants from infection by viruses and other pathogens. Diverse receptors and the corresponding ligands, especially several pairs of well-studied receptors and ligands in PTI immunity, are reviewed to illustrate the dynamic process of PTI response here.

[Formula: see text] Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license .
Population Genomic- and Phylogenomic-Enabled Advances to Increase Insight Into Pathogen Biology and Epidemiology
Authors: Stam Remco , Gladieux Pierre , Vinatzer Boris A. , Goss Erica M. , Potnis Neha , Candresse Thierry , Brewer Marin Talbot
Published: January 2021

Population genetics has been a key discipline in phytopathology for many years. The recent rise in cost-effective, high-throughput DNA sequencing technologies, allows sequencing of dozens, if not hundreds of specimens, turning population genetics into population genomics and opening up new, exciting opportunities as described in this Focus Issue . Without the limitations of genetic markers and the availability of whole or near whole-genome data, population genomics can give new insights into the biology, evolution and adaptation, and dissemination patterns of plant-associated microbes.
Do Early Weight-Bearing and Range of Motion Affect Outcomes in Operatively Treated Ankle Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Sernandez Haley , Riehl John , Fogel Joshua
Published: January 2021

Objectives:

This systematic review was performed to answer the following questions: (1) Does early weight-bearing (WB) after ankle fracture (AF) open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) affect outcomes? (2) Does early WB after AF ORIF cause an increase in complications? (3) Does early ankle motion after AF ORIF affect outcomes? and (4) Does early ankle motion after AF ORIF cause an increase in complications?

Data Sources:

Articles from 1970 to 2020 were found using the PubMed database.

Study Selection:

Level I studies of adult patients with operatively treated ankle fractures were selected. A total of 1130 cases across 20 studies fit the participant criteria.

Data Extraction:

Studies were reviewed for data pertaining to the current study questions.

Data Synthesis:

The meta-analysis used logistic regression and standardized mean difference.

Results:

Based on the current literature, early WB in operative ankle fractures with stable fixation showed no difference in outcomes when compared with delayed WB protocols. Early WB after ORIF did not significantly increase complications. Early ankle motion after AF ORIF did not have significant standardized mean differences between range of motion and immobilization outcomes. Early range of motion before wound healing may lead to an increase in complications [pooled odds ratio: 3.11, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.64–5.90] but did not show an increase in infection.

Conclusions:

The authors recommend that early WB at 2 weeks postoperatively can be safely considered for ankle fractures when stable fixation has been obtained. Early ankle motion before wound healing is not recommended due to increased wound complications, without improvement in long-term results.

Level of Evidence:

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Is a Low-Cost Drill Cover System Noninferior to Conventional Surgical Drills for Skeletal Traction Pin Placement?
Authors: Selhorst Samantha , O'Toole Robert V. , Slobogean Gerard P. , Harris Matthew , Bhatti Yasser , Enobun Blessing , O'Hara Nathan N.
Published: January 2021

The Drill Cover system was developed as a low-cost alternative to conventional surgical drills with specific applicability to low- and middle-income countries. However, the system may also be useful for the sterile placement of traction pins in the emergency department of high-income country hospitals. In September 2019, a US-based Level-1 trauma center began using the Drill Cover system to apply skeletal traction pins in patients with femoral shaft fractures. With these data, we performed a retrospective interrupted time series study to determine if the Drill Cover system was noninferior to conventional surgical drills in terms of infections at the traction pin site. The study included 205 adult patients with femoral shaft fractures initially placed in skeletal traction using a conventional surgical drill (n = 150, preintervention group) or the Drill Cover system (n = 55, postintervention group). The primary outcome was an infection at the site of skeletal traction pin placement that required surgery or antibiotics, which was compared between groups using a noninferiority test with a 1-sided alpha of 0.05 and a noninferiority margin of 3%. No infections at the site of skeletal traction pin placement were found in either the preintervention or the postintervention group (difference, 0%; 95% confidence interval: 0.0%–1.4%; noninferiority P value < 0.01). The results suggest that the Drill Cover system was noninferior to conventional surgical drills regarding infections at the site of skeletal traction pins. The Drill Cover system may be a safe alternative to the more expensive surgical drills for skeletal traction pin placement in the emergency room environment.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 Immediately Increases Burnout Symptoms in ICU Professionals: A Longitudinal Cohort Study*
Authors: Kok Niek , van Gurp Jelle , Teerenstra Steven , van der Hoeven Hans , Fuchs Malaika , Hoedemaekers Cornelia , Zegers Marieke
Published: January 2021

OBJECTIVES:

ICU professionals are at risk of developing burnout due to coronavirus disease 2019. This study assesses the prevalence and incidence of burnout symptoms and moral distress in ICU professionals before and during the coronavirus disease 2019 crisis.

DESIGN:

This is a longitudinal open cohort study.

SETTING:

Five ICUs based in a single university medical center plus another adult ICU based on a separate teaching hospital in the Netherlands.

SUBJECTS:

All ICU professionals were sent a baseline survey in October–December 2019 (252 respondents, response rate: 53%), and a follow-up survey was sent in May–June 2020 (233 respondents, response rate: 50%).

INTERVENTIONS:

None.

MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:

Burnout symptoms and moral distress measured with the Maslach Burnout Inventory and the Moral Distress Scale, respectively. The prevalence of burnout symptoms was 23.0% before coronavirus disease 2019 and 36.1% at postpeak time, with higher rates in nurses (38.0%) than in physicians (28.6%). Reversely, the incidence rate of new burnout cases among physicians was higher (26.7%) than nurses (21.9%). Higher prevalence of burnout symptoms was observed in the postpeak coronavirus disease 2019 period (odds ratio, 1.83; 95% CI, 1.32–2.53), for nurses (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.03–3.04), for professionals working overtime (odds ratio 2.11; 95% CI, 1.48–3.02), and for professionals directly engaged with care for coronavirus disease 2019 patients (odds ratio, 1.87; 95% CI, 1.35–2.60). Physicians were more likely than nurses to develop burnout symptoms due to coronavirus disease 2019 (odds ratio, 3.56; 95% CI, 1.06–12.21).

CONCLUSIONS:

This study shows that overburdening of ICU professionals during an extended period of time leads to symptoms of burnout. Working long hours and under conditions of scarcity of staff, time, and resources comes at the price of ICU professionals’ mental health.
SENSITIVITY AND SPECIFICITY OF MULTISPECTRAL IMAGING FOR POLYPOIDAL CHOROIDAL VASCULOPATHY
Authors: Ma Feiyan , Yuan Mingzhen , Kozak Igor , Zhang Qing , Chen Youxin
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

To evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of multispectral imaging (MSI), a noninvasive imaging technique composed of a series of monochromatic scanning light, for polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV).

Methods:

This was a prospective observational study. Polypoidal lesions on MSI are defined by oval or lobular hyperreflective oval lesion with dark hyporeflective center. Branching vascular networks on MSI is featured by hyperreflective interlacing signal. Detection sensitivity and specificity of polypoidal lesions was compared with indocyanine green angiography, whereas sensitivity and specificity of branching vascular networks, subretinal fluid, and pigment epithelium detachment were compared with optical coherence tomography.

Results:

Among 67 eyes, 38 eyes (56.7%) were diagnosed with PCV, 7 eyes (10.4%) with neovascular age-related macular degeneration, 13 eyes (19.4%) with central serous chorioretinopathy, 6 eyes (9.0%) with pathological myopia, and 3 eyes (4.5%) with idiopathic choroidal neovascularization. Compared with indocyanine green angiography, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing PCV by MSI alone was 84.21% and 93.10%, respectively, and the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value for PCV by MSI was 94.12% and 81.82%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for detecting polypoidal lesions were 84.21% and 93.10% compared with indocyanine green angiography. Compared with optical coherence tomography, the sensitivity and specificity for detecting branching vascular networks were 95.83% and 88.37%, for the subretinal fluid were 76.92% and 86.67%, and for the pigment epithelium detachment were 91.11% and 90.91%, respectively.

Conclusion:

Multispectral imaging allowed noninvasive visualization of polypoidal lesions and branching vascular networks and may serve as a new diagnostic option for PCV.
Unveiling the Potential Threat of Bacterial Oral Flora of Snake in Snake Bite Envenomation
Authors: Paul Aby , Joseph Joel Joby , Saijan Sanjo , Sebastian Stelvin , Tom Antriya Annie , Iqbal Thamanna
Published: January 2021

Snakebite is an acute life-threatening and time-limited medical emergency. There is comparatively less evidence regarding the infections caused by pathogens present in the snake's oral flora that induce cellulites secondary to snake bite. Here, we report a case of 15-year-old male patient infected with Acinetobacter baumannii–induced sepsis who underwent hemodialysis posthemotoxic envenomation; inflicted by hemotoxic snake, Russell's viper (Daboia russelii) at right index finger, and he was treated with 20 vials of antisnake venom. He had acute kidney injury and underwent 10 cycles of hemodialysis. He had incidence of cellulites with sepsis, and pus culture showed the presence of A. baumannii isolates with extensive drug resistance. He was treated with piperacillin-tazobactam, vancomycin, imipenem, and colistin for the improvement of his health status. Thus, the management of snake bite–induced sepsis, bacterial susceptibility study of oral flora in local venomous snakes has to be studied.
Short-Course Azithromycin for Lower Respiratory Tract Infection in Adults
Authors: Rattanasuwan Thakul , Ebied Alex , Khoury Adonice
Published: January 2021

Azithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, has been shown to be effective in community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The long half-life of azithromycin allows for a shortened treatment course, whereas the drug level is sufficiently maintained in the blood. The objective of this study is to review the body of evidence on the efficacy and safety of azithromycin in CAP treatment given as a regimen of 500 mg daily for 3 days. An English-language literature search was completed through PubMed (1980–2019). Full-text studies conducted in humans to compare a 5-day azithromycin course with a 3-day azithromycin course or azithromycin with other antibiotics for CAP treatment were included. Although the standard recommended CAP treatment regimen of azithromycin is 1500 mg in a total dose divided for 5 days, the efficacy of 1500 mg in a total dose divided for 3 days has been shown to be as effective as the 5-day course and comparable to longer durations of clarithromycin or amoxicillin/clavulanate for CAP treatment in an outpatient setting. Meanwhile, the evidence is less supportive of the use of 3-day azithromycin in patients who require hospitalization. The risk of cardiac death is low and not greater than the risk with other antibiotics.
Association between maternal human immunodeficiency virus infection and preterm birth
Authors: Elenga Narcisse , Djossou F.é.lix , Nacher Mathieu
Published: January 2021

This study aimed to evaluate the relationships between different types of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preterm birth.

Preterm birth was studied among all singleton pregnancies and compared between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected and uninfected women.

We performed a matched case-control study from the pregnancy outcome registry of Cayenne Hospital. HIV-infected and uninfected women who delivered in the maternity ward of Cayenne Hospital from January 1, 2013 to December 31, 2015 were studied. We conducted an initial analysis to determine the risk factors for preterm birth among HIV-infected pregnant women. We also evaluated associations between exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) and preterm birth.

There were 8682 deliveries; of these, 117 involved HIV-infected women, representing a prevalence of 1.34%. There were 470 controls. The sociodemographic characteristics were comparable. HIV-infected women were more likely to experience preterm birth (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 3.9, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.5–9.9). Overall, 95.73% of the women received antiretroviral therapy before becoming pregnant, and they were in good clinical condition. The median CD4 count at the beginning of pregnancy was 500 cells/mm3 (357–722). Additionally, 53% of HIV-infected women had an undetectable viral load count (<20 copies/mL). Their median haemoglobin level was 120 g/L (100–120). There were 2 human immunodeficiency virus-infected babies. A higher rate of preterm birth was associated with protease inhibitor-based ART than a reverse transcriptase inhibitor-based ART regimen. The sample size being small this result would be considered with caution.

The preterm birth rate among HIV-infected pregnant women was twice that of the general population; this trend was not explained by sociodemographic characteristics. Preterm birth was independently associated with combination ART, especially with ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor therapy during pregnancy.
Effects of progressive neuromuscular stabilization exercise on the support surface on patients with high obesity with lumbar instability
Authors: Park Sam-Ho , Lee Myung-Mo
Published: January 2021

Background:

Intensive neuromuscular stabilization exercise on highly obese patients with low back pain results in positive effects of body fat decline and prevention of complications. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of progressive neuromuscular stabilization exercise on unstable surface on pain, motor function, psychosocial factors, balance, and abdominal contraction with highly obese patients with lumbar instability.

Methods:

This study is a double-blinded randomized controlled trial. A total of 46 highly obese patients (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2) with lumbar instability were assigned randomly to experimental group (n = 23) and control group (n = 23). The control group performed the intensive progressive exercise on a stable surface and the experimental group on an unstable surface.

Result:

Significant differences were shown for BMI, QVAS, K-ODI, FABQ, and balance ability for both groups before and after the intervention (P < .05), and only the experimental group showed significant difference for transverse abdominis muscle thickness in contraction and contraction rate (P < .05). Compared to the control group, the experimental group showed significant difference (P < .05) in the amount of changes for QVAS, K-ODI, balance ability, transverse abdominis muscle thickness in contraction, and contraction rate.

Conclusion:

Progressive neuromuscular stabilization exercise program on unstable surfaces demonstrated to be an effective and clinically useful method to decrease pain level, increase motor function, balance, and transverse abdominis muscle thickness in contraction and contraction rate for highly obese patients with lumbar instability.
Diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound superb microvascular imaging for parotid tumors
Authors: Zhang Jili , Wu Jialing , Hou Xiukun
Published: January 2021

Background:

As a novel ultrasound technique, superb microvascular imaging (SMI) can quickly, simply, and noninvasively study the microvascular distribution in the tumor and evaluate the microvascular perfusion. Studies suggested that SMI is helpful for the differentiation between benign and malignant parotid tumors. However, the results of these studies have been contradictory. Therefore, the present meta-analysis aimed at determining the accuracy of SMI in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Methods:

We will search PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and Chinese biomedical databases from their inceptions to September 30, 2020, without language restrictions. Two authors will independently carry out searching literature records, scanning titles and abstracts, full texts, collecting data, and assessing risk of bias. Review Manager 5.2 and Stata14.0 software will be used for data analysis.

Results:

This systematic review will determine the accuracy of SMI in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Conclusion:

Its findings will provide helpful evidence for the accuracy of SMI in the differential diagnosis between benign and malignant parotid tumors.

Systematic review registration:

INPLASY2020100093
Utility and safety of low-concentration nitrous oxide anesthesia in ptosis surgery
Authors: Noguchi Santaro , Nakakura Shunsuke , Noguchi Asuka , Nakama Sayuri , Tastukawa Yoko , Kashima Tomoyuki , Tabuchi Hitoshi
Published: January 2021

To evaluate the utility of low-concentration nitrous oxide (N2O) anesthesia in ptosis surgery

This study was a retrospective consecutive case series that included 54 successive patients with blepharoptosis who underwent bilateral levator aponeurosis advancement and on whom skin resection performed by the same surgeon between August 2016 and July 2017. Among these patients, 27 were operated with a local anesthesia injection (air group) and 27 with a local anesthesia injection and low-concentration N2O anesthesia (N2O group). All N2O cases used a total of 6 L of gas comprising 70% oxygen and 30% N2O. Preoperative and postoperative blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) and intraoperative pain, anxiety, nausea, and memory were measured immediately after surgery using visual analog scale score (VASS). Additionally, perioperative side effects were examined.

There was no significant difference in age, sex, and preoperative and postoperative margin reflex distance (MRD) between the 2 groups (all P > .05). The intraoperative mean peripheral oxygen saturation was significantly higher (97.5% ± 1.6% vs 99.5% ± .6%, P < .001), intraoperative HR was significantly lower (78.2 ± 12.8 vs 70.7 ± 11.6 bpm, P = .02), and operation time was significantly shorter (33.1 ± 8.1 vs 29.4 ± 10.3 minutes, P = .03) in the N2O group than in the air group.

Difference between intraoperative and preoperative systolic BP (BPs) (+15.8 ± 18.0 vs + 3.1 ± 21.7 mm Hg, P = .02), diastolic BP (BPd) (+7.0 ± 17.4 vs −2.3 ± 13.6 mm Hg, P = .04), and HR (3.2 ± 8.5 vs −3.9 ± 9.4 bpm, P = .01) was significantly lower in the N2O group than in the air group.

VASS of intraoperative pain was significantly lower in the N2O group than in the air group (49.5 ± 24.7 vs 22.6 ± 14.9, P < .001), whereas intraoperative anxiety and memory did not present significant differences between the groups (P = .09 and P = .45, respectively). Intraoperative nausea score was 0 for all cases in both groups. There was no other side effect.

Ptosis surgery with anesthesia using 30% N2O may effectively suppress intraoperative BP and HR along with pain and shorten the operation time without side effects such as nausea.
Clinical therapeutic effects of probiotics in combination with antibiotics on periodontitis
Authors: Luo Wenping , Li Hao , Ye Fei
Published: January 2021

Background:

Dental pain can have a detrimental effect on quality of life. Symptomatic apical periodontitis is the most common cause of dental pain and arise from an inflamed or necrotic dental pulp. There is growing evidence to support the effectiveness of probiotics in combination with antibiotics on periodontitis. We therefor will conduct this study to evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of probiotics in combination with antibiotics on periodontitis.

Methods:

We will systematically search the following databases: PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Chinese BioMedical Literature Database (CBM), and WanFang database. A grey literature search will be conducted using ZETOC Conference Proceedings and Open Grey. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) related to research on probiotics in combination with antibiotics to treatment patients with periodontitis will be included. All sources have to be searched from their inception to October 2020. Two authors will independently select studies, extract study data, and evaluate the quality of the included studies. We will use Review Manager Software (RevMan 5.3) to analyze data.

Results:

This study will systematically evaluate the clinical therapeutic effects of probiotics in combination with antibiotics on periodontitis.

Conclusions:

This study will generate evidence for a better clinical decision of patients with periodontitis.

Registration number:

DOI 10.17605/OSF.IO/QZ6SB (https://osf.io/qz6sb/).
Multiple simple cystic metastases in the lateral neck at presentation with papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Zhu Lei , Zhu Xi , Zhou Bin , Mao Wei bo , Wu Yong , Cheng Feng
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Metastasis of a papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) in the lateral neck is characterized primarily by solid lymphadenopathy, although some cases may rarely present with a cervical cystic mass. We report a case of lateral cervical lymph node metastases of PTMC that appeared as a cystic lymphangioma of the lateral neck.

Patient concerns:

A 55-year-old man with a painless egg-sized mass in the right side of the neck that had been present for 1 month underwent physical examination, ultrasonography, computed tomography (CT), fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), and intraoperative fast-frozen pathological examination, which indicated that the cystic masses in the neck were benign. However, the final pathology report identified the lateral neck masses as lymph node metastases of thyroid carcinoma.

Diagnosis:

The patient was diagnosed with PTMC of the right lobe of the thyroid gland with lateral neck metastases.

Interventions:

The patient underwent right cervical neck dissection together with a right thyroidectomy, followed by levothyroxine therapy and routine follow-up.

Outcomes:

No postoperative complications were reported, and the thyroid-stimulating hormone inhibition target was <0.1 mmol/L; there was no detectable tumor recurrence on routine clinical follow-up for up to 16 months.

Conclusions:

This case report emphasizes the need to consider cervical lymph node metastases of thyroid carcinoma in the differential diagnosis for patients with large, multiple, simple cystic neck masses.
Music-based intervention to reduce aggressive behavior in children and adolescents
Authors: Ye Peijie , Huang Zhaohui , Zhou Huan , Tang Qishou
Published: January 2021

Background:

We aimed to evaluate the effect of music-based intervention on the aggressive behavior in children and adolescents, and made a comparison of music medicine and music therapy.

Methods:

We searched PubMed (MEDLINE), Ovid-Embase, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) to identify relevant studies. Standardized mean differences (SMDs) were estimated with random-effect model.

Results:

We included 10 studies and found a significant decrease of aggressive behavior (SMD = −0.99; 95% CI = −1.42 to −0.56) and a significant increase of self-control (SMD = 0.56; 95% CI: 0.19 to 0.93) in the music-based intervention group compared with the control group. The aggressive behavior was significantly decreased in the music therapy group compared with the control group (SMD = −1.79; 95% CI = −3.23 to −0.35); while, no difference was observed between music medicine group and control group. Sub-group analyses exhibited a more efficacious in reducing aggressive behavior in the children received ≥2 sessions per week, the children with a mean age > 10 years, the children whose behavior were reported by teachers, and the children with aggressive behavior before intervention. Sensitivity analyses yielded similar results.

Conclusion:

Music-based intervention seemed to be more efficacious for reducing aggression and increasing self-control in children and adolescents, especially music therapy.
A randomized, controlled, multicenter clinical study of the “improved sitting Wuqinxi” intervention for mechanically ventilated patients in the intensive care unit
Authors: Xiao Guojin , Liu Jing , Zhang Li , Yue Yan , Weng Xiangwen , He Zilin , Lv Lei , Dong Wendong , Li Jing , Long Kunlan , Yang Ren
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Mechanical ventilation is a powerful tool for the treatment of various critical emergencies. However, surviving critically ill patients often have poor psychological and physiological outcomes. Prevention of various complications and adverse outcomes of mechanical ventilation is a priority and a challenge in the intensive care unit (ICU). Early intervention is the key to reducing complications and improving outcomes of mechanical ventilation in the ICU. As an auxiliary rehabilitation treatment, the improved sitting Wuqinxi intervention has recognized unique advantages. It has achieved beneficial therapeutic effects during early intervention in clinical practice. It can reduce the incidence of delirium, shorten the duration of mechanical ventilation, and prevent complications and secondary damages related to mechanical ventilation in the ICU. Therefore, the purpose of this study will be to explore the effect of improved sitting Wuqinxi on the clinical outcomes of mechanically ventilated ICU patients.

Methods:

This prospective, multicenter, randomized, single-blinded, parallel controlled clinical study will involve 160 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The patients will be randomly divided into the experimental and control groups. Both groups will be given standardized comprehensive western medicine treatment (including mechanical ventilation) and routine care in the ICU. Management of the experimental group will also include “improved sitting Wuqinxi,” with the treatment objective to observe the effect of the improved sitting Wuqinxi intervention on the clinical outcomes in mechanically ventilated ICU patients. The outcome measures will include the incidence of complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, and cost of hospitalization. In addition, the effect of the improved sitting Wuqinxi intervention on the safety indexes of mechanically ventilated ICU patients will be assessed and the clinical effects of the improved sitting Wuqinxi intervention will be comprehensively evaluated.

Discussion:

The purpose of this study will be to evaluate the effect of the improved sitting Wuqinxi intervention on the incidence of complications, duration of mechanical ventilation, length of ICU stay, cost of hospitalization, and safety indicators. If successful, it will provide a reliable, simple, and feasible auxiliary rehabilitation treatment scheme for mechanically ventilated ICU patients.
Diagnostic value of routine ultrasonography combined with ultrasound elastography for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma
Authors: Du Yanfei , Jiang Yuyan , Tang Shujuan , Li Lijie
Published: January 2021

Background:

Papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is easy to be missed because of its small focus, concealed incidence and lack of clinical features. Ultrasound examination is one of the main methods for the detection and diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. The detection rate of conventional ultrasound is not ideal. Combined ultrasound elastography can improve the detection rate, but there is lack of evidence-based evidence. The purpose of this study was to systematically evaluate the value of conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma.

Methods:

A systematic search was performed by retrieving on English databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library) and Chinese databases (CNKI, Wanfang, Weipu (VIP), CBM). The retrieval time limit was from the establishment of the database to November 2020 and manually search for the conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasound elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. Two researchers extracted and evaluated the quality of the data in the included study independently. A meta-analysis was performed using Meta Disc1.4 and RevMan5.3 software.

Conclusions:

This study will evaluate the accuracy and practicability of conventional ultrasound combined with ultrasonic elastography in the diagnosis of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma, and provide evidence-based basis for clinicians to choose the appropriate or best diagnostic method.

Ethics and dissemination:

The private information from individuals will not be published. This systematic review also will not involve endangering participant rights. Ethical approval is not required.

OSF Registration number:

DOI: 10.17605 / OSF.IO / V6HK7.
Acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain in patients with SPID
Authors: Peng Tao , Wu Yang , Huang Li , He Bisong , Wei Shaobin
Published: January 2021

Background:

Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the common sequela of pelvic inflammatory disease, the pathological factors are adhesions, scarring and pelvic congestion which caused by inflammation, often cause abdominal pain and lumbosacral soreness, and aggravated after fatigue, sexual intercourse and during menstruation. It is difficult to treat because special pathological changes. Although acupuncture has gained increased popularity for the management of CPP, evidence regarding its efficacy is lacking. Therefore, a systematic review of acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain in patients with SPID is required to provide available evidence for further study.

Methods and analysis:

We will conduct a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigate the effect and safety of acupuncture for the treatment of chronic pelvic pain patients with SPID. We will electronically search the literature in the databases of PubMed, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), EMBASE, the Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wan-fang Digital Periodicals, Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Scientific Journal Database (VIP) and select eligible articles. Data extraction will be conducted by 2 researchers independently, and risk of bias of the meta-analysis will be evaluated based on the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. The primary outcomes will be total effective rate and VAS pain score, and the secondary outcomes include the recurrence rate and adverse reaction. All data analysis will be conducted by software Review Manager V.5.3.

Results:

This study will provide the latest analysis of the currently available evidence for the efficacy of acupuncture for chronic pelvic pain in patients with SPID.

PROSPERO registration number:

CRD42020193826.
Bispectral index monitoring of the clinical effects of propofol closed-loop target-controlled infusion
Authors: Wang Danyang , Song Zichen , Zhang Chunlu , Chen Peng
Published: January 2021

Background:

To investigate whether closed-loop systems under bispectral index anesthesia depth monitoring can reduce the intraoperative propofol dosage.

Methods:

All randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on reducing propofol dosage under closed-loop systems were collected, and the literature was screened out, the abstracts and full texts were carefully read, and the references were tracked, data extraction and quality evaluation were conducted on the included research, and the RevMan5.3 software was used for meta-analysis. The main results were propofol and the incidence of adverse reactions such as hypertensive hypotension and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. A total of 879 cases were included in 8 articles, including 450 occurrences in the closed-loop system group and 429 cases in the open-loop system group.

Results:

Compared with manual control, closed-loop systems under bispectral index anesthesia depth monitoring reduced the dose of propofol (MD: −0.62, 95% CI: −1.08–−0.16, P = .008), with heterogeneity (I
2 = 80%). Closed-loop systems significantly reduced the incidence of abnormal blood pressure (MD: −0.02, 95%CI: −0.05–0.01, P = .15, I
2 = 74%) and postoperative cognitive dysfunction (MD: −0.08, 95% CI: −0.14 −0.01, P = .02, I
2 = 94%).

Conclusion:

Bispectral index monitoring of propofol closed-loop target-controlled infusion system can reduce the amount of propofol, reduce the incidence of adverse reactions such as hypertensive or hypotension and postoperative cognitive dysfunction.
Sex-related associations among anemia, body mass index, and kidney function in Koreans
Authors: Kim Tae-Gyu , Lee Sook-Hyun , Shin Sangah , Cho Jae-Heung , Kim Koh-Woon , Ha In-Hyuk
Published: January 2021

The association between anemia and body mass index (BMI) in Koreans, considering kidney function, has not been clarified. Thus, we aimed to examine the association between anemia and BMI among Korean adults aged ≥19 years.

This retrospective cross-sectional study evaluated male and female Korean adults aged ≥19 years who participated in the 5th, 6th, and 7th Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) conducted between 2010 and 2017 were used. The participants were classified as underweight, normal weight, and overweight according to their BMI. Anemia was defined as hemoglobin levels of <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women according to the World Health Organization standards. Kidney function was evaluated according to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), with abnormal kidney function in men defined as eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Clinicodemographic variables were analyzed using logistic regression adjusted for weight. After propensity score matching (PSM), 6596 study participants were divided into 2 groups of 3298 participants each. Additionally, subgroup analysis by sex and kidney function was performed.

On PSM, similar distribution patterns were obtained between the anemia and non-anemia groups; significant differences in BMI; kidney function; level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and serum creatinine; iron intake; and eGFR were also observed between these groups. Anemia and BMI showed a significant association in both crude and adjusted logistic regression models. In model 2, which was adjusted for age, sex, education level, household income, alcohol consumption, smoking status, and exercise period, underweight men with abnormal kidney function showed a significantly higher risk of anemia than did normal weight men (odds ratio [OR]: 3.27; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.25–8.57; P = .016). Meanwhile, overweight men showed a significantly lower risk of anemia than did normal weight men (OR: 0.48; 95% CI: 0.33–0.70, P < .001).

Anemia is associated with BMI according to sex. Compared with normal weight men, underweight men with abnormal kidney function had a significantly higher prevalence of anemia after adjusting for kidney function and sex, thus highlighting their need for careful management for anemia.
Efficacy and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Authors: Wang Jinlong , Zhang Quanhui , Deng Yongwen , Deng Gen , Huang Feihong , Zhou Yiduo , Jia Mingyan , Yi Haoran
Published: January 2021

Background:

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic nonspecific intestinal inflammatory disease with unclear etiology occurring in the colonic mucosa. Its clinical manifestations are characterized by recurrent abdominal pain, diarrhea, mucous pus, and blood stool. The severity of the disease varies, and itis characterized by a high recurrence rate. Because of its long course of disease, easy to relapse, protracted and difficult to recover, seriously affect the quality of life, increase the economic burden of patients and society, and even the risk of developing cancer, it has become one of the hot issues of general concern in the medical field. Heat-sensitive moxibustion therapy has shown strong advantages in the treatment of UC, and the curative effect is accurate. therefore, this paper will carry out a systematic evaluation and meta analysis of the efficacy and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of UC.

Methods:

We will be searching 8 electronic databases, including PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database, Wanfang Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. We will search above electronic databases from the beginning to December 2020, without any language restriction. Clinical efficacy, including total effective rate or cure rate, clinical symptom integral (abdominal pain, diarrhea, purulent stool), and recurrence rate will be accepted as the primary outcomes. The changes of cytokine Hs-CRP, IL-6, TNF-αlevels in serum, and improvement of colorectal mucosa will be used as secondary outcomes. RevMan 5.3 software will be used for statistical analysis. The result about the curative effect and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion for UC will be presented as risk ratio for dichotomous data and mean differences with a 95% confidence interval for continuous data.

Results:

When this research program is completed, the relevant results can be obtained.

Conclusions:

The results of this study will provide reliable evidence for the efficacy and safety of heat-sensitive moxibustion in the treatment of UC.

INPLASY Registration number:

INPLASY20201101034.
Surgical management of dissecting cellulitis of the scalp using free latissimus dorsi flap and meshed split–thickness skin graft
Authors: Baneu Nicoleta-Sara , Bloancă Vlad Adam , Szilagyi Diana , Cristodor Patricia , Pesecan Alexandru , Bratu Tiberiu Ioan , Crăiniceanu Zorin Petrişor
Published: January 2021

Introduction:

Dissecting cellulitis of the scalp, or Hoffman disease, is described as an extremely rare condition. Clinically, it is represented by recurrent painful nodules, purulent drainage, interconnected sinus tracts and keloid formation, leading to scaring and cicatricial alopecia. Without a precise diagnosis and an adequate treatment, the repercussions consist of severe infectious complications along with psychological negative effects and serious aesthetic alterations. There is no standard treatment. In refractory cases, surgical management is reported.

Patient concerns:

We report a case of a 65-year-old Caucasian male patient, with a 5-year history of Hoffman disease, who presented with multiple abscesses and sinus tracts of the scalp and patches of alopecia. The lesions were non-responsive to medical treatment.

Diagnosis:

The diagnosis of DCS has been established on the basis of the clinical appearance and has been confirmed histopathologically.

Interventions:

The patient underwent wide excision of the scalp, followed by reconstruction using free latissimus dorsi flap and covered by meshed split-thickness skin graft.

Outcomes:

Eighteen-month follow-up revealed complete remission of symptoms and lesions along with satisfactory cosmetic result.

Conclusion:

The scope of this case report is to raise awareness of the following aspects: Hoffman disease has an extremely low occurrence rate, a difficult differential diagnosis and no standard therapeutical strategy. It also highlights the effectiveness of scalpectomy and free latissimus dorsi flap covered by meshed split-thickness skin graft in treating a very advanced stage of the disease together with providing a natural contouring of the scalp. Ultimately, it discusses the other treatment alternatives.
Over-expression of CXCL2 is associated with poor prognosis in patients with ovarian cancer
Authors: Zhang Fenghua , Jiang Jingting , Xu Bin , Xu Yun , Wu Changping
Published: January 2021

Background:

In the present study, we aimed to detect the expression of CXCL2 in epithelial ovarian cancer (OC) and explore its clinical significance.

Methods:

TCGA (The Cancer Genome Atlas) database was adopted to assess the significance of CXCL2. Tissue microarray and immunohistochemical staining were used to detect the expression of CXCL2 in epithelial OC, and its correlation with clinicopathological features and prognosis was statistically analyzed.

Results:

CXCL2 was highly expressed in epithelial OC tissues compared with the adjacent tissues. Such up-regulation of CXCL2 was significantly correlated with tumor differentiation (P = .001), tumor stage (P = .01), tumor location (unilateral or bilateral) (P = .003), and metastasis (P = .003). Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazards regression analyses showed that high expression of CXCL2 was not an independent predictor of poor prognosis in epithelial OC.

Conclusions:

Collectively, the high expression of CXCL2 might be related to the invasion and metastasis of epithelial OC.
Clinical investigation of nosocomial infections in adult patients after cardiac surgery
Authors: Liu Zhengqin , Zhang Xiquan , Zhai Qian
Published: January 2021

Nosocomial infections (NI) are common complications after cardiac surgery. To date, there have been few manuscripts investigating NI in the intensive care unit after cardiac surgery. Our study was designed to investigate the characteristics of the distribution of pathogenic bacteria, antibiotic resistance and risk factors for NI.

A total of 1360 patients received standard postoperative care, including antibiotic prophylaxis. Microbiological examinations of sputum, blood, catheter tips and excrement were performed as clinically indicated to isolate pathogens. Thirty potential associated variables were collected and compared between the 2 different groups according to the development of NI using univariate and multivariate analyses.

Eighty-nine patients (6.54%) acquired a microbiologically documented NI. There was a significant difference in mortality between the 2 groups with or without postoperative NI (23.60% vs 2.28%, P < .00). A total of 98 pathogens (73.13%) were isolated from sputum, 32 pathogens (23.88%) from blood and only 1 (0.75%) from urine. Three (2.24%) surgical site infections were detected, including 2 superficial surgical site infections and 1 mediastinitis. The most common pathogens were Gram-negative bacteria (78.36%), followed by Gram-positive bacteria (14.93%) and fungi (6.71%). The major pathogenic species had different levels of drug resistance, and most of them exhibited multidrug resistance. Six out of thirty variables were identified as independent risk factors for the development of NI, namely, duration of surgery, low cardiac output syndrome, continuous veno-venous hemofiltration, mechanical ventilation time, reintubation and tracheostomy.

We analyzed the characteristics of the distribution of pathogens, antibiotic resistance and risk factors for NI in our center and provided some suggestions for clinical practice. In addition to antibiotic treatment, avoidance of risk factors and aggressive infection control measures may be crucial to stop or prevent outbreaks.