bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of Budesonide on Cabazitaxel Pharmacokinetics and Cabazitaxel-Induced Diarrhea: A Randomized, Open-Label Multicenter Phase II Study
Authors: Nieuweboer Annemieke J.M. , de Graan Anne-Joy M. , Hamberg Paul , Bins Sander , van Soest Robert J. , van Alphen Robbert J. , Bergman Andries M. , Beeker Aart , van Halteren Henk , ten Tije Albert J. , Zuetenhorst Hanneke , van der Meer Nelly , Chitu Dana , de Wit Ronald , Mathijssen Ron H.J.
Published: October 2016

Purpose: Forty-seven percent of patients in the pivotal trial of cabazitaxel reported diarrhea of any grade. Aiming to reduce the incidence of diarrhea, we studied the effects of budesonide on the grade of cabazitaxel-induced diarrhea during the first two treatment cycles.

Experimental Design: Between December 2011 and October 2015, 246 metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer patients were randomized to receive standard-of-care cabazitaxel 25 mg/m2 every 3 weeks plus prednisone 10 mg/day (group CABA) or same dose/schedule of cabazitaxel with concomitant budesonide 9 mg daily during the first two treatment cycles (group BUD). The occurrence of diarrhea was reported by physicians and by patients in a diary. χ2 tests were used to compare incidence numbers. An intention-to-treat principle was used.

Results: In the phase II trial, 227 patients were evaluable. Grade 2–3 diarrhea occurred in 35 patients (15%) and grade 4 diarrhea was not reported. The incidence of grade 2–3 diarrhea was comparable in both treatment groups: 14 of 113 patients in group CABA (12%) versus 21 of 114 patients in group BUD (18%; P = 0.21). Seven patients were admitted to the hospital with diarrhea (n = 5 group CABA vs. n = 2 group BUD). PSA response was seen in 30% of patients and was not affected by budesonide coadministration (P = 0.29). Also, other toxicities were not affected by budesonide coadministration.

Conclusions: The incidence of cabazitaxel-induced diarrhea was notably lower than reported in the TROPIC trial and appears manageable in routine clinical practice. Budesonide coadministration did not reduce the incidence or severity of cabazitaxel-induced diarrhea. Clin Cancer Res; 23(7); 1679–83. ©2016 AACR.
Successful in utero Percutaneous Fetoscopic Release of a Wrapped Pleuro-Amniotic Shunt around the Fetal Arm: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Nassr Ahmed A. , Ruano Rodrigo , Espinoza Jimmy , Shamshirsaz Alireza A.
Published: October 2016

Background and Objectives: Fetal pleural effusions are either primary or secondary to chromosomal or structural fetal abnormalities. In both cases, thoraco-amniotic shunts may be indicated to prevent life-threatening consequences. In this report, we describe a rare complication of shunts and successful in utero management of this complication. We also summarize the prior reports of shunt wrapping around fetal limbs and successful prenatal release of the shunts. Data Source: Search including PubMed, MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from inception till November 2015 was conducted for cases with shunt entrapment around fetal limbs with or without prenatal management. Results: Four cases including our case have been reported in the literature with wrapping of shunts around fetal limbs. Three of these cases were successfully managed prenatally using different interventional and anesthetic techniques. Conclusions: Prenatal shunts could be rarely complicated by wrapping of the shunt around fetal limbs with possible serious vascular and neurological consequences. Different techniques have been described for prenatal management of this condition. We describe a less invasive approach that could be done under local anesthesia in suitable cases.
Produtividade e preços em sistemas sraffianos
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Escola Superior de Agricultura ", Hoffmann Rodolfo ,   Luiz de Queiroz"
Published: October 2016

Este livro apresenta, didaticamente, as idéias básicas do livro de Piero Sraffa intitulado “Produção de Mercadorias por Meio de Mercadorias”, publicado em 1960, e alguns de seus desdobramentos.
Uma proposta didática para traduzir as histórias em quadrinhos
Authors: Liberatti Elisângela
Published: October 2016

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar o desenvolvimento de uma proposta de material didático para a formação de tradutores voltada à tradução de histórias em quadrinhos (HQs). Para isso, apresentamos os principais desafios inerentes à tradução de HQs, que compõem a base do conteúdo abordado no material didático proposto. Os desafios impostos ao tradutor de HQs são levantados a partir da literatura (Zanettin 2008; Celotti 2008; Rosa 2010; Liberatti 2012, 2014; entre outros), a partir de entrevistas realizadas com cinco tradutores e dois editores de HQs e também a partir de diretrizes tradutórias apresentadas por uma editora. O material didático tem como objetivo auxiliar no desenvolvimento da conscientização de tradutores em formação sobre a linguagem dos quadrinhos, suas especificidades e as principais implicações para a tradução deste hipergênero discursivo.
The Art and Rhetoric of Lucian’s Hippias
Authors: Race William H.
Published: October 2016

Lucian’s brief essay,Hippias or The Bath, has been declared spurious, disparaged as frivolous, considered an ironic parody, and generally ignored. Yet it contains the only detailed description of a Roman bath complex (Yegül 1979; 2010) and displays a remarkable command of topics in the eulogistic and epideictic tradition (priamel, ring-composition,praeteritio, apologeticenvoi) that extends from Pindar to the Second Sophistic. This article locatesHippiasin Lucian’s literary program; provides a close, sequential reading of the entire essay that takes into account its thematic vocabulary, style, and rhetoric; and discusses its metaliterary characteristics and its probable idealization of the architect and his baths.
Ideological Warfare against Cultural Property: UN Strategies and Dilemmas
Authors: Schmalenbach Kirsten
Published: October 2016

With iconic cultural heritage in Afghanistan, Mali, Libya, Iraq and Syria at the mercy of Jihadi extremists, the international community’s somewhat feverish compilation of emergency measures illustrates both the sense of urgency now felt, but also how unprepared the world was to be confronted with ideological warfare against the ‘culture of the heretics.’ The laws of armed conflict, and in its wake international criminal law, provide relatively clear cut proscriptive rules against ideologically motived cultural destruction, which cannot be said of peacetime rules on cultural heritage protection. But the threat of incurring international responsibility and punishment is seen as inconsequential when the perpetrators’ driving ideology distains external laws. On UN level, the Security Council has resorted to a global trade ban to target two birds with one stone: to dry-up is’s source of income through illicit trade in Iraqi and Syrian antiquities and to preserve artefacts by making illicit excavation and pillaging economically unattractive. Unfortunately the situation on the ground, with its many uncertainties regarding domestic implementation means the effectiveness of this measure is in abeyance.
un Security Council Resolutions before uk Courts
Authors: Orakhelashvili Alexander
Published: October 2016

Over the past decade, the effective performance by the UN Security Council of its primary responsibility in the area of peace and security has increasingly become contingent on the implementation of its decisions within the national legal systems of the UN Member States. An examination of this issue in the context of the British legal system could offer a useful case-study of the ways to enhance the effectiveness of the UN collective security mechanism, to enforce the limits on the legitimacy of that mechanism, and also to highlight the practical difficulties that may accompany the attempts to apply Security Council resolutions domestically. This contribution exposes all these issues, focusing on the practice of the uk courts over the past decade. It examines the mediation of the effect of Security Council resolutions into English law through the 1946 United Nations Act, the royal prerogative and other common law techniques. After that, the contribution moves on to examine the English courts’ handling of the normative conflict between a Security Council resolution and other sources of international law.
The Right to Asylum between Islamic Shari’ah and International Refugee Law: Consequences for the Present Refugee Crisis
Authors: Abou-El-Wafa Ahmed
Published: October 2016

In Islam, all legitimate motives for asylum are valid. From its beginning, Islam has provided for the granting of refuge as well as the protection of refugees. The Islamic concept, practices and principles on the matter are clear and unambiguous. Islamic Shari’ah embraces a comprehensive set of rules concerning this topic on the one hand; on the other hand, the greatest number of refugees are actually Muslims and those hosting them are nearly all Muslim States. The refugees currently fleeing to Europe from Muslim States may be divided into two groups, namely: those pushed to flee their countries under threats of war, torture or persecution; and those motivated to improve their status quo. It is self-evident that the first ones are the ‘true refugees’ in the eyes of Islam as well as international refugee law.
Les Termes D'adresse Dans Les Operas Des Yuan (XIIIe Et XIVe Siecles)
Authors: Peyraube Alain
Published: October 2016

The corpus of this study includes thirty-four operas of the Yuan dynasty (1279-1368) : literature in spoken language and which spreads over a relatively short period of time.

The prinaipal option of address in Yuan drama is, like in contemporay Chinese, the choice between 1) use of kinship terms (KT), use of titles (T), 3) use of the last name (LN) and/or the first name (FN) of the addressee. KT are used muah more frequently ly popular classes. The T mode of address is used almost exclusively inside the Court. T are slightly more frequent than KT in the milieu of mandarins and courtesans.

The KT can be used within the family or outside the family. Within the family, the generation relationship between the speaker and the addressee and the age criterion are essential for the choice of KT. Outside the family, age and even generation relation ships are of little importance. Social status is essential. The others parameters (respect, intimacy, etc.) are also important.

T are theortically reserved for strangers or people whom one knows but not intimately. If the addressee of a specific title is an intimate friend or companion of the speaker, it means that considerable respect exists between the two persons, or that their milieu is marked by very strict social conventions as in the Imperial Court.

Except under particular circumstances, the formula LN and for FN is used by a superior to address an inferior. More foten than not, the LN and FN formula indicates a certain annoyance or an obvious lock of respect. One never addresses a superior or an elder by his given name alone. The term is reserved for domestics and maids, between good friends, between husband and wife, and for parents to address their children.
Changes in organelle and DNA Quality, Quantity, and distribution in the wood of Cryptomeria Japonica over long-term storage
Authors: Abe Hisashi , Watanabe Ugai , Yoshida Kazumasa , Kuroda Katsushi , Zhang Chunhua
Published: October 2016

Changes in the quantity and quality of DNA during storage (0, 1, 3, 5, 11, 15, 23, 27, 40, 44, 75 years) were investigated for the wood of Cryptomeria japonica. Fresh sapwood yielded more DNA than fresh heartwood. The amount of DNA extracted from wood samples stored for 1 year or more after cutting was below the limit of detection by measurement with a UV spectrophotometer. A chloroplast DNA region with a length of 527 bp was amplified by the polymerase chain reaction from the DNA extracted from sapwood stored for 0, 1, 3, 5, 11, 15 and 23 years, and from heartwood stored for 0, 3, 11, 15 and 23 years. A shorter length of chloroplast DNA with a length of 82 bp was amplified for all of the wood samples used in this study. Using fluorescence microscopy, we observed changes in the abundance of cell organelles containing DNA such as nuclei and amyloplasts during storage. Microscopy showed that the DNA content of latewood ray parenchyma was greater than the DNA content of earlywood ray parenchyma in the sapwood, and amyloplasts were present in ray cells in the heartwood of the stored wood. Our results suggest that optimizing DNA extraction protocols for wood stored for long periods will improve the utility DNA identification of wood products.
Societal Security in South Tyrol: A Model to Deal with Ethnic Conflicts
Authors: Carlà Andrea
Published: October 2016

South Tyrol has been referred to as a model to deal with ethnic diversity and resolving ethnic conflicts. This article explains the South Tyrol model’s success by blending ethnic politics with concepts from security studies: societal security and securitization. Societal security refers to threats that emerge from the fact that humans belong to communal groups that do not correspond to defined state borders. Securitization is the process by which an issue is considered as an existential threat that requires emergency measures. The article develops a framework to identify which dynamics made South Tyrol successful, analyzing factors that sparked security concerns and processes of securitization and highlighting actions and measures that tackled these dynamics. Concurrently, South Tyrol is used as an empirical case to expand our understanding of societal security and elaborate (and test) a detailed toolkit to prevent or dissolve the violent mobilization of ethnic diversity and societal security threats.
Romania’s Kin-state Policies after 2007: The Nature and Challenges of Its Trans-domestic Obligations
Authors: Udrea Andreea
Published: October 2016

This article examines Romania’s kin-state policies after it became an EU member state in 2007. After 2007, Romania expanded its kin-state obligations and strengthened its kin-state role. First, the article discusses the current understanding of its kin-state responsibility. And second, by examining the grounds, subject and scope of Romania’s policies, and evaluating the limits of its kin-state responsibility against dominant liberal views on reparations for historical injustice and state support for culture, the article shows that Romania’s kin-state policies remain highly discretionary and raise important questions over its liberal commitments within and beyond its borders.
Case-Law of the European Court of Human Rights Concerning the Protection of Minorities, July 2012 to August 2014
Authors: Bowring Bill
Published: October 2016

This article highlights a number of interesting and significant cases concerning minority rights at the Strasbourg Court during the recent period of just over two years. The issues include the continuing deadlock in enforcing the Court’s controversial antidiscrimination judgment in Sejdic and Finci v. Bosnia and Herzegovina; a new emphasis on and attention to social and economic rights as protected by the Revised Social Charter in the context of forced evictions; the Court’s expanding jurisprudence on the positive duties of the state; the fascinating Slovenian case on the fate of the “erased;” and a continuing focus on discrimination against Chechens as part of the Court’s recent return to a focus on the long-neglected Article 14 of the Convention. The article concludes by summarising a new scholarly interpretation of minority rights through the concept of vulnerability.
Eidinemacheilus proudlovei, a new subterranean loach from Iraqi Kurdistan (Teleostei; Nemacheilidae)
Authors: FREYHOF JÖRG , ABDULLAH YOUNIS SABIR , ARARAT KORSH , IBRAHIM HAMAD , GEIGER MATTHIAS F.
Published: October 2016

Eidinemacheilus proudlovei, new species, is described from subterranean waters in the Little Zab River drainage in Iraqi Kurdistan. After the discovery of E. smithi in 1976, E. proudlovei is the second troglomorphic nemacheilid loach found in the Middle East and the second species placed in Eidinemacheilus. Eidinemacheilus proudlovei is distinguished from E. smithi by having 8+8 or 8+7 branched caudal-fin rays, no adipose keel on the caudal peduncle, enlarged jaws and a fully developed head canal system. It furthers differs substantially in its DNA barcode (>8% K2P distance) from all other nemacheilid loaches in the Middle East, Europe and Western India.
Citizenship, Rights, and Deservingness
Authors: Gonzales Roberto G. , Sigona Nando , Burciaga Edelina Muñoz
Published: October 2016

Over the past few decades, immigration has become a central issue in scholarly and policy debates. While scholarship has worked to uncover underlying mechanisms, the public debate has been too often informed by questions of assimilability and the rule of law drawing distinctions that hold up certain subgroups within a community as deserving and others as undeserving. This introduction to the special issue briefly outlines the theoretical and public debates while describing the articles in the special issue.
Detection of Genomic DNA Damage from Radiated Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Cells Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS)
Authors: Ou Lin , Chen Yang , Su Ying , Zou Changyan , Chen Zhong
Published: October 2016

Structural changes and chemical modifications in DNA during interactions with X-ray radiation are still not clear within 48 h of incubation. We investigate genomic DNA from the radiated CNE2 cell line within 48 h of incubation using surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Multivariate methods including principal component analysis (PCA) and random forest are proposed to explore the statistical significance before and after radiation. Our results show that intensities of several bands change after radiation, which indicates backbone damage and base-unstacking. Biological effects from DNA damage repairing process may be simultaneously stimulated and different from incubation time. Under doses of 10 Gy (with 24 and 48 h of incubation) and 20 Gy (with 48 h of incubation), the relative contents of C against T and A against G deviate obviously from the control level. Statistical results strengthen significantly the idea that modification in DNA bases is associated with the disruption of base-stacking in the DNA duplex. Our findings provide vital information for radiation-induced the DNA damage at the molecular level, which may provide insight into the effect and mechanism of anticarcinogens in tumor therapy.
An agent-based model for simulation of traffic network status: Applied to Hanoi city
Authors: Nguyen Manh Hung , Ho Tuong Vinh
Published: October 2016

In recent times there have been many agent-based simulation models proposed for transportation network simulation. Intuitively, these models are applicable for the transportation simulation of modern cities in developed countries where the transportation network is very well organized: Roads are separated into lanes; most transportation occurs using vehicles; and almost all drivers respect the circulation rule. However, these models are not suitable for developing countries where the transportation network is unorganized. The reasons for this are as follows: (1) there is no lane on the road; (2) most vehicles are motorbikes; and (3) not many drivers respect the circulation rule. This paper introduces an agent-based model for transportation network simulation in which each form of transport is modeled as an agent exhibiting full features of unorganized circulation behavior. The model is designed for a large scale and instead of displaying the circulation for all individual modes of transport, the model displays only the status of the traffic network. The simulation of circulation is therefore considered as a background process. The simulation is launched and the results are obtained before being displayed. This model is applied to the traffic network of Hanoi to analyze the hot or bottle neck points on the transportation network during rush hours in the city.
Beyond the post-industrial city: Valuing and planning for industry in London
Authors: Ferm Jessica , Jones Edward
Published: October 2016

This paper examines the challenges that planners face if industry is to survive and thrive in a growing ‘post-industrial’ city. It examines London, where the difference between the value of land for residential and industrial use, and the pressure to address the housing crisis, is leading to the rapid loss of industrial land and premises. The paper first explores the role of industry in a high-value city such as London, arguing that trends in manufacturing in advanced economies are increasing the benefit for firms of an urban location, whilst at the same time, cities continue to need industry if they are to be economically and socially resilient, sustainable and vibrant. The paper then explores current approaches to planning for industry in London, identifying impacts of a policy framework that anticipates and plans for its decline. Finally, it focuses on the question of how to plan for a productive and inclusive city: we explore the arguments in favour of integrating industry into the urban fabric as well as the benefits of separating land uses and retaining employment land designations, and reveal how urbanists are divided. We argue that if London is to continue to prosper, and meet the needs of all Londoners, then we need to strategically and proactively plan for industry in the city, to experiment with innovative ways of integrating it with other city uses, whilst protecting land for industry, where required. We put forward a critical research agenda to effectively meet this challenge in the future.
How Does One “Open” Science? Questions of Value in Biological Research
Authors: Levin Nadine , Leonelli Sabina
Published: October 2016

Open Science policies encourage researchers to disclose a wide range of outputs from their work, thus codifying openness as a specific set of research practices and guidelines that can be interpreted and applied consistently across disciplines and geographical settings. In this paper, we argue that this “one-size-fits-all” view of openness sidesteps key questions about the forms, implications, and goals of openness for research practice. We propose instead to interpret openness as a dynamic and highly situated mode of valuing the research process and its outputs, which encompasses economic as well as scientific, cultural, political, ethical, and social considerations. This interpretation creates a critical space for moving beyond the economic definitions of value embedded in the contemporary biosciences landscape and Open Science policies, and examining the diversity of interests and commitments that affect research practices in the life sciences. To illustrate these claims, we use three case studies that highlight the challenges surrounding decisions about how––and how best––to make things open. These cases, drawn from ethnographic engagement with Open Science debates and semistructured interviews carried out with UK-based biologists and bioinformaticians between 2013 and 2014, show how the enactment of openness reveals judgments about what constitutes a legitimate intellectual contribution, for whom, and with what implications.
Has the Freedom of Information Act enhanced transparency and the free flow of information in Liberia?
Authors: Svärd Proscovia
Published: October 2016

This article investigates if the adoption of the Liberian Freedom of Information (FOI) law 2010 has led to a transparent government and increased the free flow of government information. Freeing government information is expected to create transparent and accountable governments. It brings forth democratic and inclusive government institutions that work for the people. Inclusivity, transparency and accountability are expected to address sustainable development challenges and democracy deficits. Transparency and accountability can only be achieved through access to government information. The right to access government information is also included in the national constitution of Liberia. The citizens of Liberia in West Africa suffered from a protracted civil war between 1989–1996 and 1999–2003 respectively. These wars were partly caused by non-accountability of the governments, endemic corruption and the mismanagement of the countries’ resources. Efforts are being made by the government with the help of the international community to embrace a new democratic dispensation. Liberia was also one of the first African countries to enact a Freedom of Information (FOI) Law that would enable Liberians to access government information.
Finding Ivan Vladislavić – Writing the city
Authors: Beilharz Peter , Supski Sian
Published: October 2016

The work of Ivan Vladislavić is well established in his native South Africa, and increasingly recognized on the larger world stage of writing, editing and publishing. If his work nevertheless eludes scrutiny in some quarters, this may also have to do with its nature, and not only with its origin. The works differ and vary; there is no formula or project which proceeds neatly by sequence. No single work can be second-guessed from any other. This is a project full of surprises, connecting variously to art, photography, architecture and to urban studies, setting to work images and practices at once realist and surreal, absurdist and layering, and given to time and place and the universal. How then do we read it, and how does he write? For the purposes of this paper, we explain and locate our enthusiasm with reference to two works, The Restless Supermarket (2001) and Portrait with Keys (2006). We seek to identify some key tropes about place and place-writing and cities and city-writing with reference to Johannesburg and the way in which Vladislavić plays his subjects and his readers, placing not only fiction (or realism) under question but placing writing itself closer to the editor’s deletion mark. This may be, we suggest, a kind of writing sideways.
Gramsci’s political thought and the contemporary crisis of politics
Authors: Caruso Loris
Published: October 2016

In the context of the worsening economic crisis analogies tend to be drawn between the economic and political crisis in Europe of the 1920s and 1930s and the current situation. Now as then, it is argued, there is the risk that a systemic economic crisis and the crisis of representative politics will in turn lead to authoritarian outcomes. Rarer, however, is the idea that the current political and economic crisis may lead to a “progressive” outcome. This article examines both options under the light of the thinking of one of the most important interpreters of political crisis and change in the 1920s and 1930s: Antonio Gramsci. One of the central arguments in Gramsci’s Prison Notebooks is the crisis of parliamentarism and democratic politics. Gramsci did not limit his analysis to the crisis however. His theoretical undertaking also consisted in the attempt to imagine the conditions for moving beyond the democratic crisis in a progressive manner. What emerges is an existing continuity between the Gramscian categories of Cesarism-Bonapartism, economic-corporative State, hegemonic crisis and contemporary politics, particularly with reference to phenomena such as populism, technocracy and neo-liberalism; the utility of the conceptual category of Passive Revolution to comprehend the current forms of exerting power and building social consent; the potential fruitfulness of Gramsci’s schemata on counter-hegemonies, to understand the changes in the party-organization and the possibilities of building counter-hegemonies.
Alienation, Private Property, and Democracy: Why Worrell and Krier Raise Questions in the Clouds
Authors: Lotz Christian
Published: October 2016

In this article, I argue that Marx’s philosophy does not commit us to Worrell and Krier’s claim that a post-capitalist society will be a social formation in which all social relations appear unmediated to their agents. Quite the opposite is true: given his Hegelian background, which Marx never gives up, social relations are in principle to be mediated by the results of human productive acts, and although a socialist society no longer is mediated by capital, it still cannot be thought without a legal, ethical, and political form of these relations. Those meditations (which Worrell and Krier do not separate clearly from social-economic aspects) will be universal. Accordingly, the authors’ claim that Marx is opposed to the concept of the universal is baseless. In addition, I demonstrate that Worrell and Krier’s interpretation of Marx’s concept of alienation as a romantic concept is misguided and, instead, that we would do well to focus on the concept of private property. Finally, I show that they do not properly grasp Marx’s concepts of democracy and communism.
Interaction Between Low-Dose Methotrexate and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs, Penicillins, and Proton Pump Inhibitors
Authors: Hall Jill J. , Bolina Monika , Chatterley Trish , Jamali Fakhreddin
Published: October 2016

Objective: To review the potential drug interactions between low-dose methotrexate (LD-MTX) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), penicillins, and proton-pump inhibitors (PPIs) given the disparity between interactions reported for high-dose and low-dose MTX to help guide clinicians. Data Sources: A literature search was performed in MEDLINE (1946 to September 2016), EMBASE (1974 to September 2016), and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970 to January 2015) to identify reports describing potential drug interactions between LD-MTX and NSAIDS, penicillins, or PPIs. Reference lists of included articles were reviewed to find additional eligible articles. Study Selection and Data Extraction: All English-language observational, randomized, and pharmacokinetic (PK) studies assessing LD-MTX interactions in humans were analyzed to determine clinical relevance in making recommendations to clinicians. Clinical case reports were assigned a Drug Interaction Probability Scale score. Data Synthesis: A total of 32 articles were included (28 with NSAIDs, 3 with penicillins, and 2 with PPIs [1 including both PPI and NSAID]). Although there are some PK data to describe increased LD-MTX concentrations when NSAIDs are used concomitantly, the clinical relevance remains unclear. Based on the limited data on LD-MTX with penicillins and PPIs, no clinically meaningful interaction was identified. Conclusion: Given the available evidence, the clinical importance of the interaction between LD-MTX and NSAIDs, penicillins, and PPIs cannot be substantiated. Health care providers should assess the benefit and risk of LD-MTX regardless of concomitant drug use, including factors known to predispose patients to MTX toxicity, and continue to monitor clinical and laboratory parameters per guideline recommendations.
Value Capture Taxation as an Infrastructure Funding Technique
Authors: Chapman Jeffrey
Published: October 2016

A legitimate argument is that the public sector must restore its contribution to the financing of the new infrastructure. However, for both political and economic reasons, an increase in broad-based taxes or debt seems to be off the table; new funding vehicles are clearly necessary. This essay identifies value capture taxation as a partial solution to this infrastructure funding problem. Value capture is a set of techniques that take advantage of the increase in property values to finance service and infrastructure improvements.
Relative age effects on motor performance of seventh-grade pupils
Authors: Gadžić Aleksandar , Milojević Aleksandar , Stanković Veroljub , Vučković Igor
Published: October 2016

Annual age grouping of children according to their birth year is a common practice of the educational systems of many countries. This variation in birth dates among children grouped in the same generation is known as relative age and its implications on different developmental outcomes are referred to as relative age effects (RAEs). The previous body of research of RAEs in youth populations has focused on sporting samples; however, studies examining RAEs in physical education are scarce. The current study investigates the influence of the RAEs on motor abilities in a sample of adolescent pupils. The results indicate significant differences in motor abilities between relatively older and relatively younger participants of both sexes. Since RAE is an under-researched area in physical education, the results may have substantial implications for PE assessment given the fact that many PE teachers still carry out typical norm-referenced assessments. Possible recommendations for future research are discussed.
A successful technique to repair an osteochondral patellar fracture composed of largely primary articular cartilage
Authors: Kohli Suraj , Gillani Syed , Chatoo Minhal
Published: October 2016

A 15-year-old girl presented with knee pain, inability to extend and weight bear after a twisting injury to the knee leading to dislocation and spontaneous reduction of the patella. An osteochondral defect was identified over the medial facet of patella with a loose osteochondral fragment with very little bone attached to the large cartilaginous part. This unusual fracture was fixed using four biocomposite suture anchors and a bioabsorbable pin. Three months after the surgery, she was mobilising fully, weight bearing and had a full range of motion with satisfactory outcome. MRI six months postop suggested complete healing of the fragment. Usually such fractures occur due to an impaction injury of the medial patellar facet over the lateral femoral condyle during the relocation phase of an injury. In this case, the patella was dislocated and then reduced spontaneously. There are very few case reports in the literature with successful repair of this type of patellar fracture and a good patient outcome.
Starting with the Square: Parallels in Practice in the Works of Josef Albers and Louis Kahn
Authors: McCarter Robert
Published: October 2016

This article examines one example of another Modern tradition – a tradition in which spatial concepts, ordering principles, experiential precepts and design methods are shared in the work and teaching of both Modern artists and Modern architects: a tradition originating in the beginnings of Modernism and continuing unabated, if largely unrecognized, to this day. The work of the painter Josef Albers and the architect Louis I Kahn are presented as an example of a parallel in practice, an actual relationship where contemporaries shared principles of space, order, perception and design, as well as being influenced by each other’s work, thought and pedagogical insights. The article briefly explores a number of the ways in which Kahn’s architecture actively engaged the implications of the spatial speculations to be found in Albers’ paintings and teaching.
Overcoming global challenges in stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation: The role of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants
Authors: Massaro Ayrton , Giugliano Robert P , Norrving Bo , Oto Ali , Veltkamp Roland
Published: October 2016

Atrial fibrillation is the world's most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with a significantly increased risk of stroke. The global burden of atrial fibrillation is rising, commensurate with the ageing population. Well-controlled vitamin K antagonist-based anticoagulation has been shown to reduce the risk of stroke secondary to atrial fibrillation by two-thirds. However, patients with atrial fibrillation have frequently been denied anticoagulation because of a variety of perceived risks related to bleeding, falls, chronological age, and poor compliance. Even when vitamin K antagonists are used, maximum benefit and safety are only delivered when high quality control of therapy (TTR > 70%) is achieved, which has proven remarkably difficult in many health-care systems and amongst many patient groups. The non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs) offer solutions to many of the challenges of achieving widespread, safe, and effective anticoagulation for stroke prophylaxis in atrial fibrillation, yet their uptake into routine clinical practice remains variable. The evidence supporting their more widespread use to overcome the challenges of stroke prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation is reviewed in this article.
Telehealth: Acceptability, clinical interventions and quality of life in peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Dey Vishal , Jones Audrey , Spalding Elaine M
Published: October 2016

Introduction:

Telehealth technologies are being widely adopted across the globe for management of long-term conditions. There are limited data on its use, effectiveness and patient experience in end-stage renal disease. The aim of this pilot project was to explore patient acceptability of technology and evaluate its effect on clinical interventions and quality of life in patients undergoing peritoneal dialysis.

Methods:

Peritoneal dialysis patients were provided with computer tablets (PODs). PODs contained a knowledge database with treatment- and symptom-based questionnaires that generated alerts for the clinical team. Alerts were reviewed daily and followed up by a telephone call or clinic visit. Interventions were at the discretion of clinicians. Data were recorded prospectively and quality of life and Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology questionnaires evaluated at the start and end of the programme.

Results:

In all, 22 patients have participated over 15 months. The mean age was 61.6 years and PODs were utilised for an average of 341.9 days with 59.1% choosing to continue beyond the study period. We received a total of 1195 alerts with an average of 2.6 alerts per day. A total of 36 admissions were avoided and patients supported to self-manage on 154 occasions. Quebec User Evaluation of Satisfaction with assistive Technology scores remained high throughout the programme although no improvement in quality of life was seen.

Discussion:

Telehealth is useful to monitor patients with renal failure on peritoneal dialysis. It is acceptable across age groups and provides an additional resource for patients to self-manage. Satisfaction scores and retention rates suggest a high level of acceptability.
Pharmacist Interventions Regarding the Appropriateness of Apixaban, Rivaroxaban, Dabigatran, and Warfarin in a University-Affiliated Outpatient Clinic
Authors: Phillippe Haley M. , Wright Bradley M. , Bowerman Kathryn E. , Andrus Miranda R.
Published: October 2016

Background: Direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) have become available recently as an alternative to warfarin in appropriate patients. Few studies have been conducted that evaluate pharmacist-managed services for the management of the DOACs. Objective: To review the appropriateness of DOAC therapy and warfarin therapy in adult patients in a university-affiliated outpatient clinic and the need for further monitoring of these agents. Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted of patients receiving a DOAC or warfarin therapy. Indication, dose, duration, age, weight, adherence, drug interactions, bleeding risk/history, renal function, and hepatic function were evaluated for DOACs and warfarin. If prescribed warfarin, international normalized ratio readings were also obtained. The pharmacists made verbal recommendations to primary care prescribers regarding findings, and changes to therapy were reviewed and documented. Results: A total of 175 patient charts were reviewed (49% DOACs, 51% warfarin). Twenty-five percent of prescribed DOACs should have been avoided due to inappropriate indication or renal function. The majority of these were switched to warfarin after discussion with the primary care provider. Of patients prescribed DOACs, 22% had a history of poor adherence to therapy and half of these were switched to warfarin. An additional 24% of prescribed DOACs were inappropriate due to incorrect dosing, major drug interactions, and/or renal dosing; however, these medications could be appropriate if adjustments are made. Nineteen percent of patients on warfarin therapy would be a candidate for DOAC therapy. Conclusion: Although there were limitations to this analysis, the results demonstrate that additional intervention is needed to improve appropriate prescribing and monitoring of the DOACs. Pharmacists can meet this need by providing medication reviews of novel anticoagulants and educating physicians.
Leveraging a Team Mental Model to Develop a Cancer Anorexia-Cachexia Syndrome Team
Authors: Portman Diane G. , Thirlwell Sarah , Donovan Kristine A. , Alvero Christine , Gray Jhanelle E. , Holloway Rosa , Ellington Lee
Published: October 2016

This article discusses the care of a 62-year-old man with non–small-cell lung cancer and associated cancer anorexia-cachexia syndrome (CACS), and demonstrates common challenges faced by such patients and their family caregivers. The case description illustrates the fragmented approach of various disciplines to the patient’s CACS care, resulting in undertreatment, delayed and burdensome visits, and patient and caregiver frustration and emotional distress. The mounting problems that arise for the patient over time exemplify the absence of a shared mental model among the various providers, patient, and caregiver for the care of CACS. Shared knowledge among providers regarding the tasks to be performed, the other clinicians’ functions, and optimal processes for CACS care was limited. Each provider was responsive to individual symptoms, rather than conceptualizing the constellation of symptoms as a syndrome that warrants coordinated care among clinicians. This resulted in the patient and the family caregiver being at odds with their various providers instead of working in partnership with a shared understanding toward common goals. Team mental models have the potential to enhance development and implementation of care plans and improve patient care and satisfaction by helping clinical care teams establish team membership, identify shared tasks, and facilitate interactions. To help inform ongoing clinical practice and research, this article demonstrates how clinicians at one cancer center are leveraging a team mental model to form and support an interdisciplinary CACS team that provides coordinated patient-centered care.
Wolbachiaincreases the susceptibility of a parasitoid wasp to hyperparasitism
Authors: van Nouhuys Saskya , Kohonen Minna , Duplouy Anne
Published: October 2016

The success of maternally transmitted endosymbiotic bacteria, such as Wolbachia, is directly linked to their host reproduction but in direct conflict with other parasites that kill the host before it reaches reproductive maturity. Therefore, symbionts that have evolved strategies to increase their host’s ability to evade lethal parasites may have high penetrance, while detrimental symbionts would be selected against, leading to lower penetrance or extinction from the host population. In a natural population of the parasitoid wasp Hyposoter horticola in the Åland Islands (Finland), the Wolbachia strain wHho persists at an intermediate prevalence (∼50%). Additionally, there is a negative correlation between the prevalence of Wolbachia and a hyperparasitoid wasp, Mesochorus cf. stigmaticus, in the landscape. Using a manipulative field experiment, we addressed the persistence of Wolbachia at this intermediate level, and tested whether the observed negative correlation could be due to Wolbachia inducing either susceptibility or resistance to parasitism. We show that infection with Wolbachia does not influence the ability of the wasp to parasitize its butterfly host, Melitaea cinxia, but that hyperparasitism of the wasp increases in the presence of wHho. Consequently, the symbiont is detrimental, and in order to persist in the host population, must also have a positive effect on fitness that outweighs the costly burden of susceptibility to widespread parasitism.
Metabolic recovery from drowning by insect pupae
Authors: Woods H. Arthur , Lane Steven J.
Published: October 2016

Many terrestrial insects live in environments that flood intermittently, and some life stages may spend days underwater without access to oxygen. We tested the hypothesis that terrestrial insects with underground pupae show respiratory adaptations for surviving anoxia and subsequently reestablishing normal patterns of respiration. Pupae of Manduca sexta were experimentally immersed in water for between 0 and 13 days. All pupae survived up to 5 days of immersion regardless of whether the water was aerated or anoxic. By contrast, fifth-instar larvae survived a maximum of 4 h of immersion. There were no effects of immersion during the pupal period on adult size and morphology. After immersion, pupae initially emitted large pulses of CO2. After a subsequent trough in CO2 emission, spiracular activity resumed and average levels of CO2 emission were then elevated for approximately 1 day in the group immersed for 1 day and for at least 2 days in the 3- and 5-day immersion treatments. Although patterns of CO2 emission were diverse, most pupae went through a period during which they emitted CO2 in a cyclic pattern with periods of 0.78–2.2 min. These high-frequency cycles are not predicted by the recent models of Förster and Hetz (2010) and Grieshaber and Terblanche (2015), and we suggest several potential ways to reconcile the models with our observations. During immersion, pupae accumulated lactate, which then declined to low levels over 12–48 h. Pupae in the 3- and 5-day immersion groups still had elevated rates of CO2 emission after 48 h, suggesting that they continued to spend energy on reestablishing homeostasis even after lactate had returned to low levels. Despite their status as terrestrial insects, pupae of M. sexta can withstand long periods of immersion and anoxia and can reestablish homeostasis subsequently.
HR-Management Practices and HR-Efficiency in Leading Food Retails in Russia
Authors: Нагибина  , Nagibina N.
Published: October 2016

The study of a competitive advantage of the company, which is hard to copy and which belongs to HR-management along with HR-efficiency, is of great interest

in the environment of growing competition. Rapid growth of federal food retails which promote modern trade formats on the market sets new management

challenges for the management of local regional food retails which aim at the increase of business efficiency. The openness of national leading food retails to their

investors, partners and employees allowed us to study their HR-practices and evaluate their HR-efficiency. Calculations of labour efficiency indices have been made

based on the economical and HR-indices presented in the annual reports for 2014. The use of benchmarking in HR sets guidelines for developing current approaches

to human resource management and target HR-indices for the food retails management.
Video Interview as the Modern Tool of Personnel Selection: Myths and Reality
Authors: Михелашвили  , Mikhelashvili T. , Иванова  , Ivanova I.
Published: October 2016

This article presents a retrospective survey of methods of personnel selection. Particular emphasis is placed on the newest tools and technologies applied in the practice of the organizations, in particular the video interview. The relevance of the emergence of the video resume service, and then the video interview caused by needs of organizations in ability of mobile response to changes in demand of required staff, which causes an accelerated search for candidates and recruiters. The emergence of such innovation in the staff selection process is accompanied by a set of myths, caused by the different interpretation of its advantages and disadvantages. Drawing on the experience of organizations, which are developing this technology of personnel selection and its software and maintenance, as well as the reviews of organizations which are using such a tool, the authors of the article are trying to uncover the real prospects of personnel management system enhancement.