bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empowering Minds and Empowering Nation: India’s New Educational Policy Impact on Global Employment
Authors: Thippanna G. , Krishnaiah P. , Srinivas T. Aditya Sai
Published: September 2023

As an author of this article myself found there is a path in our Indian constitution regarding Article forty five (45) in Directive precept of kingdom coverage (DPSP), which states that every one ought to be equally reachable for education. Since the training is in Concurrent list, the nation has to comply with the middle's training, but it is not mandatory. Now the primary education for kids under the age of 6 to fourteen years has turn out to be the fundamental right underneath Article 21A. The country wide training coverage has made many new educational interventions consisting of the Mid-day meal scheme, Sarva Siksha Abhiyan, NavodayaVidyalas, KendriyaVidyalayas, and so forth. This national training policy specializes in bringing adjustments in the traditional training sample in college and better schooling. The countrywide training policy 2020 has been authorized by way of the union cabinet headed by way of PM Shri. Narendra Modi. Therefore replacing the old country wide schooling coverage, that's 34 years old, to benefit globally aggressive. The policy is nicely framed with five important key areas together with accessibility, equality, exceptional, affordability, and accountability. The United Nations Sustainable improvement 2030 schedule has set a benchmark for the country wide schooling coverage. The countrywide schooling policy is converting the Indian instructional system right into a globally aggressive education machine with the desired flexibility. The multi-disciplinary issue of the countrywide instructional coverage turns into a stepping stone for boosting college students' competencies. Aim of this article is how India's expands their employment globally based on implemented Indian's new educational policy.
Research Progress on the Role of Inflammation in Kawasaki Disease
Authors: Huirong Li , Kunpeng Jia , Chunyan Gao , Fuyong Jiao
Published: September 2023

As the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease continues to evolve, researchers have proposed a number of hypotheses, from viral infections, genetic and environmental influences, to toxin-mediated autoinflammatory responses.More and more attention has been paid to the role of inflammation in KD (Kawasaki disease) pathogenesis.Objective: To explore the role of inflammation in Kawasaki disease and to provide a new idea for the diagnosis and treatment of KD.Methods: A systematic search was conducted from PubMed and CNKI databases (last updated on March 31, 2023) for relevant and qualified articles evaluating the role of inflammation in KD. Results: The research results of the last five years were selected from these articles for meta-analysis.Conclusion: Through comprehensive analysis, we conclude that inflammatory response is the main process of vascular damage in Kawasaki disease, especially the NLRP3 inflammasome which plays an important role.However, the etiology and pathogenesis of KD are very complex, and inflammation is only one manifestation. More and more studies have shown that inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease, which has been recognized,and we comprehensively describe some important roles and latest research perspectives of inflammation in Kawasaki disease.
Effect of Bio-Agents and Elicitors on Alternaria brassicae of Mustard (Brassica juncea L.)
Authors: Barath B.  , Ann Rose J.  , Zacharia Sunil
Published: September 2023

Rapeseed-mustard is one of the major oilseed crops cultivated in India. Alternaria brassicae is the most destructive pathogen of oilseeds. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of bio-agents and elicitors on Alternaria brassicae of mustard in vitro using dual culture technique and poison food technique in completely randomized design (CRD). The study was conducted at the Department of Plant Pathology Laboratory, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology And Sciences, Prayagraj. The results revealed that among bio-agents, Trichoderma viride + Pseudomonas fluorescens (87.70mm) recorded the maximum per cent inhibition of mycelial growth of Alternaria brassicae, followed by Trichoderma viride (82.60mm). Among elicitors, the maximum per cent inhibition of the pathogen was recorded  by salicylic acid at 150 ppm (75.33%), followed by salicylic acid at 100 ppm (58.69%).
Effect of Spacing and Biofertilizer on Growth and Yield of Greengram (Vigna radiata)
Authors: Chandekar Shrishti Mahima , Umesha C.
Published: September 2023

The present investigation entitled “Effect of spacing and biofertilizer on growth and yield of greengram (Vigna radiata)”, was conducted during the  Kharif season of 2022 at the Crop Research Farm of the Department of Agronomy, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment with nine treatments and three replications was laid down in factorial randomized block design. The results showed that pre harvest observations like plant height (42.04cm), dry weight (6.79 g), number of branches (6.18) of plant were higher in T3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm, Number of nodules per plant (6.62) was higher in treatment 2 i.e. Application of PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm and the value of the treatment. Post-harvest data indicated that the number of pods/plant (23.74), number of seeds/pod (7.72), test weight (41.30 g), seed yield (1.69 t/ha), biological yield (5.61 t/ha), stover yield (3.83 t/ha) and harvest index (33.37%) were higher in treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm. The maximum cost of production and gross return was recorded higher under treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm is INR. 36500/ha and INR. 88500/ha, respectively. The net return (INR. 12500/ha) and B:C Ratio (2:4) was recorded higher under treatment 3 i.e. Application of Rhizobium and PSB along with the spacing of 30x10 cm.
Elevating Sustainable Agriculture: Eco-Friendly Seed Treatments for Enhanced Plant Growth and Yield in Mungbean
Authors: Singh Shreya , Jatav A. L. , Yadav Gaurav , Gupta Harshit
Published: September 2023

Aims: To study the effect of chemicals, bioagents, botanical and domestically available material on plant growth, yield and yield attributing traits in mungbean var. Sweta.

Study Design: The field experiment was conducted in Randomised Block Design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted at the Student Instruction Farm, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur U.P during Zaid 2021 and Zaid 2022.

Methodology: The seeds of mungbean var. Sweta were treated with Rhizobium @25 g/kg (T1), Trichoderma @10 g/kg (T2), Cypermethrin @3 g/kg (T3), Bavistin @3 g/kg (T4), Neem oil @5 ml/kg (T5) and Camphor @4 g/kg (T6) before sowing them in the field. At maturity, observations were recorded for plant height (cm), number of root nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight (g) and total seed yield in q/ha, to know the effect of chemicals, bioagents, botanical and domestically available material on growth and seed yield in mungbean var. Sweta.

Results: The treatment T5: Neem oil @ 5 ml/kg seed outperformed all the other treatments in terms of plant height (cm), number of root nodules per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, test weight (g) and total seed yield in q/ha. However, treatment T1: Rhizobium @25 g/kg seed, exhibited superior performance in terms of the number of root nodules per plant when compared to all other treatments.

Conclusion: The transitioning from chemical to natural seed treatment is essential, given its manifold advantages for agriculture, the environment, and human health. Neem oil has eco-friendly pest control and growth-enhancing properties which can fuel this promising shift toward a more sustainable future.
Design of Filtration System for Aerated Sewage Water
Authors: Nirosha Pal , Ravikumar V. , Bharani A. , Selvakumar S. , Arunadevi K.
Published: September 2023

The study investigated the potential of sand and activated charcoal filtration systems to enhance water quality for irrigation by treating aerated sewage effluent from. Setup involved a 60 cm deep sand filter connected as the inlet to another 30 cm deep sand filter and this filter linked as the inlet to a 30 cm deep charcoal filter. These filters were operated in series at hydraulic loading rates (HLR) of 60 m/h and 10 m/h. Notably, operating the filters in series at an HLR of 10 m/h yielded superior effluent water quality compared to an HLR of 60 m/h. System achieved significant removal efficiencies for turbidity, BOD5, COD, Total Nitrogen (Total-N), Total Phosphorous (Total-P) with 71.9%, 54.4%, 71.9%, 44.4%, 39.1%, and 42.9% with a 90 cm deep sand filter at an HLR of 10 m/h, and also with a combination of sand and charcoal filters at an HLR of 25 m/h system achieved 81.6%, 80.3%, 63.5%, 47.5%, and 64.3% respectively. We also examined the chemical characteristics of both untreated and treated sewage water samples, revealing a hierarchy of cation and anion prevalence as follows: Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ for cations, and Cl- > HCO3- > SO42- > CO32- for anions. Our study demonstrates that the combination of aeration and sand filtration effectively ensures safety by preventing water body pollution and unpleasant odours with high-quality treated wastewater suitable for sustainable agricultural use.
Incidence of Dental Caries in Permanent Mandibular First Molar among North Indian Population
Authors: Handa Aashish , Sandhu Komaldeep Kaur , Bhullar Kanwalpreet Kaur , Goyal Smiley
Published: September 2023

Dental caries is a multifactorial condition that is influenced by a number of factors, including nutrition, bacteria, saliva, tooth shape, environment, sex, geography, dietary patterns, and genetics. Only a small number of research in India have examined the prevalence of dental caries, particularly in adults.

Aim: The purpose of the current study was to ascertain the incidence of dental caries in left and right mandibular first molars in adults attending the Out Patient Department.

Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional research was done among the 1287 patients. Clinical oral examinations consisted of visual examination and no radiograph was taken for the study. Chi-square test was used to statistically analyse the results. p value of <0.005 was employed throughout the study.

Results: The current study found that the youngest age group (16 to 30 years old) had the significant caries levels, followed by middle-aged and older age groups. In comparison to the right mandibular molar, the left first molar showed a higher prevalence of caries, with males showing a higher rate than females. It also demonstrated that the dental caries prevalence remains high among rural population in comparison to urban population.

Conclusion: Permanent first molar in early age group presented higher caries incidence.This finding can help in formulation of various preventive strategies.
Educação no governo Bolsonaro: inventário da devastação [Roberto Leher (org.)]
Authors: Geraldo Débora Sabina da Silva
Published: September 2023

Resenha do livro Educação no governo Bolsonaro: inventário da devastação, organizado por Roberto Leher (Expressão Popular, 2023)
Medical Travel for Immigrant Patients With Cancer—Returning Home
Authors: Swami Nishwant , Dee Edward Christopher , Florez Narjust
Published: September 2023

This Viewpoint describes motivations for and barriers to travel to the country of origin among immigrant patients with cancer and recommends strategies to address these motivations and barriers.
Macular Star, Optic Disc Swelling, and Lethargy in a Child
Authors: Urrets-Zavalia Julio A. , Viotto Priscila M. , Esposito Evangelina
Published: September 2023

A 13-year-old girl with a 7-day history of painless vision loss and central scotoma in her left eye was referred to the hospital. Dilated fundus examination revealed a bilateral sectorial macular star that was more extended in the left eye and some faint, small, tan-yellow dots were observed at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium in the posterior pole. What would you do next?
Study on the relationship between post‐disaster operating status of establishments and urban reconstruction projects and regulations in tsunami‐affected urban areas: Analysis of establishments affected by tsunami due to the Great East Japan Earthquake by individual panel data from Economic Census
Authors: Masumura Akinobu , Kubota Aya
Published: September 2023

While urban reconstruction projects and land use regulations were implemented in each area affected by the tsunami following the Great East Japan Earthquake, concerns were raised regarding the impact of these projects and regulations on the industry sector. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between business recovery and post‐disaster urban planning, such as urban reconstruction projects and disaster risk area designations. We developed chronological panel data of establishment units before and after the disaster using individual data from Economic Census, inundation range data, urban reconstruction project zone data, and disaster risk area data. Cross‐tabulation tables and independence tests were conducted using the panel data. The results indicate that for establishments inundated to a depth of at least 1 m located outside the disaster risk area, the survival rate was significantly lower for those inside the urban reconstruction project area. For establishments outside the urban reconstruction project area, the survival rate was significantly lower for those inside the disaster risk area, for both nonflooded and flooded depths of at least 1 m. The results revealed that besides inundation damage, industry sectors, and numbers of employees, urban reconstruction project implementation and disaster risk area designation were some factors impeding survival.
Spatiotemporalized Hydrogel Microspheres Promote Vascularized Osteogenesis via Ultrasound Oxygen Delivery
Authors: Chen Shuyu , Han Xiaoyu , Cao Yang , Yi Weiwei , Zhu Ying , Ding Xiaoqian , Li Kai , Shen Jieliang , Cui Wenguo , Bai Dingqun
Published: September 2023

Disturbance of spatiotemporal oxygen balance is the main cause of delayed healing or nonhealing of large bone defects. The accurate administration of oxygen to regulate disruptions in the spatiotemporal oxygen equilibrium during 9 h of hypoxia is imperative for bone tissue regeneration. Herein, oxygen‐loaded nanobubbles prepared by double emulsification are successfully embedded in GelMA/HepMA microsphere macromolecular meshwork by microfluidic techniques, and a spatiotemporalized hydrogel microsphere is constructed by noncovalently binding bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2). The spatiotemporalized hydrogel microspheres precisely “remote control” oxygen release by ultrasound in vitro 9 h after bone injury to regulate spatiotemporal oxygen homeostasis disorder, maintain a high level of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression, and accelerate bone repair. The spatiotemporalized hydrogel microspheres possess good oxygen‐carrying capacity and ultrasonic responsiveness, and the oxygen concentration increases to 1.63, 1.95, 2.11, and 2.29 times under the ultrasound action at different intensities of 1, 2, 3, and 4 W, respectively, providing the conditions for the precise regulation of spatiotemporal oxygen balance disorder by ultrasound. In the in vitro hypoxia model and in vivo rat femoral defect model, the spatiotemporal hydrogel microspheres show good vascularization and osteogenesis capabilities, which provide a new strategy for the clinical treatment of large bone defects.
Self‐Assembled Amphiphilic Camptothecin Nanoparticles with Glutathione‐Responsive and Tumor‐Targeting Ability for Enhanced Colorectal Cancer Therapy
Authors: Song XiaoJie , Lan Kang‐Li , Xue Yi‐Fei , Liu Hong‐Min , Lv Qi‐Yan , Zhao Zhen , Cui Hui‐Fang
Published: September 2023

Camptothecin (CPT) is impeded by low solubility, non‐tumor‐targeting ability, and fast blood clearance. Self‐assembly of hydrophobic drugs into nanostructures, especially nanoparticles (NPs), can improve their anti‐cancer effects. In this study, arginine‐glycine‐aspartic acid (RGD), a hydrophilic and tumor‐targeting peptide, is conjugated with CPT through a glutathione‐cleavable disulfide bond. The synthesized amphiphilic molecule CPT‐ss‐RGD self‐assembled into stable NPs in an aqueous solution with diameters of ≈86nm. They exhibited low critical aggregation concentrations, good stability, and glutathione responsiveness. They can be specifically taken up by CRC cells through RGD integrin‐mediated uptake, and exhibit high toxicity to CRC cells and multicellular tumor spheroids. As expected, CPT‐ss‐RGD NPs prolonged the blood circulation time and enhanced the tumor accumulation of CPT, exhibiting excellent anti‐tumor growth ability and few side effects. Thus, CPT‐ss‐RGD NPs have great clinical translational potential for CRC therapy. The successful self‐assembly of the CPT‐ss‐RGD NPs provides a new method for the self‐delivery of hydrophobic therapeutics in vivo.
Scalable Generation of Pre‐Vascularized and Functional Human Beige Adipose Organoids
Authors: Escudero Mélanie , Vaysse Laurence , Eke Gozde , Peyrou Marion , Villarroya Francesc , Bonnel Sophie , Jeanson Yannick , Boyer Louisa , Vieu Christophe , Chaput Benoit , Yao Xi , Deschaseaux Frédéric , Parny Mélissa , Raymond‐Letron Isabelle , Dani Christian , Carrière Audrey , Malaquin Laurent , Casteilla Louis
Published: September 2023

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are becoming a global sociobiomedical burden. Beige adipocytes are emerging as key inducible actors and putative relevant therapeutic targets for improving metabolic health. However, in vitro models of human beige adipose tissue are currently lacking and hinder research into this cell type and biotherapy development. Unlike traditional bottom‐up engineering approaches that aim to generate building blocks, here a scalable system is proposed to generate pre‐vascularized and functional human beige adipose tissue organoids using the human stromal vascular fraction of white adipose tissue as a source of adipose and endothelial progenitors. This engineered method uses a defined biomechanical and chemical environment using tumor growth factor β (TGFβ) pathway inhibition and specific gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) embedding parameters to promote the self‐organization of spheroids in GelMA hydrogel, facilitating beige adipogenesis and vascularization. The resulting vascularized organoids display key features of native beige adipose tissue including inducible Uncoupling Protein‐1 (UCP1) expression, increased uncoupled mitochondrial respiration, and batokines secretion. The controlled assembly of spheroids allows to translate organoid morphogenesis to a macroscopic scale, generating vascularized centimeter‐scale beige adipose micro‐tissues. This approach represents a significant advancement in developing in vitro human beige adipose tissue models and facilitates broad applications ranging from basic research to biotherapies.
Artificial Neurons Using Ag−In−Zn−S/Sericin Peptide‐Based Threshold Switching Memristors for Spiking Neural Networks
Authors: He Nan , Yan Jie , Zhang Zhining , Qin Haiming , Hu Ertao , Wang Xinpeng , Zhang Hao , Chen Pu , Xu Feng , Sheng Yang , Zhang Lei , Tong Yi
Published: September 2023

Memristive devices with threshold switching characteristics can be effectively utilized to mimic biological neurons acting as one of the key building blocks for constructing advanced hardware neural networks. In this work, the emulation of leaky integrate‐and‐fire memristive neuron is realized in one single cell with Ag/Ag−In−Zn−S/silk sericin/W architecture without the need for additional auxiliary circuits. The studied devices demonstrate excellent electrical properties, such as stably repeatable threshold switching, concentratedly low threshold voltage (≈0.4 V), and relatively small device‐to‐device variation. In addition, multiple neural features, such as leaky integrate‐and‐fire neuron functionality and strength‐modulated spike frequency characteristic, have been successfully emulated owing to the forming‐free volatile threshold switching effect. The stable volatile threshold switching behaviors and regular firing event may be attributed to the controllable metallic Ag filamentary mechanism. Furthermore, a solid accuracy of 91.44% of the pattern recognition of Modified National Institute of Standards and Technology (MNIST) data is obtained via a trained spiking neural network (SNN) based on the leaky integrate‐and‐fire behavior of sericin‐based device. These achievements shed light on the fact that employing sericin biomaterials has great application potential in advanced neuromorphic computation.
Solution‐processed D‐A‐π‐A‐D radicals for highly efficient photothermal conversion
Authors: Huang Jiaxing , Wang Zejun , Zhu Weiya , Li Yuan
Published: September 2023

Organic donor‐acceptor semiconductors exhibit great potential in photothermal conversion. However, it is still challenging to achieve pure organic materials with broad absorption comparable with inorganic materials such as graphene. Herein, two D‐A‐D type DPA‐BT‐O4 and NDI‐TPA‐O4 and three D‐A‐π‐A‐D type Th‐O4, Th2‐O4, and IDT‐O4 were readily prepared via two high‐yield steps and simple air oxidization. The stability can be attributed to their multiple resonance structures based on the aromatic nitric acid radical mechanism. Compared with the D‐A‐D radicals, the conjugation extension of the D‐A‐π‐A‐D radicals endows them with a narrowed band gap and broad absorption in powder. Interestingly, the IDT‐O4 powder with aggregation‐induced radical effect exhibits broad absorption between 300 and 2500 nm, which is comparable with graphene and other inorganic materials. Under irradiation of 0.9 W/cm2 (808 nm), the temperature of IDT‐O4 powder rises to 250°C within 60 s. The water evaporation conversion efficiency of 94.38 % and an evaporation rate of 1.365 kg/m2 h−1 under one sun illumination were achieved. IDT‐O4 stands as one of the most efficient photothermal conversion materials among pure organic materials via a rational design strategy.
Analyzing the occurrence of foaming in batch fermentation processes using multiway partial least square approaches
Authors: Nguyen Xuan Dung James , Sharma Niket , Liu Y. A. , Lee Youngju , McDowell Christopher C.
Published: September 2023

This article presents an application of multiway partial least squares (MPLS) methods to develop interpretative correlation models to monitor the foaming occurrence and improve batch fermentation. We choose the exhaust differential pressure as a quality variable to quantify the foaming occurrence and consider three‐dimensional datasets of different batches, process variables, and measurements. We integrate batch‐wise unfolding (BWU) and observation‐wise unfolding (OWU) of plant datasets with standard, dynamic, and kernel PLS methods. We find that dynamic PLS (DPLS) with OWU and time‐lagged quality variables to be the most efficient, accurate, and easy to implement. The BWU approach is useful for analyzing the differences between batches and identifying abnormalities and outliers, while the OWU quantifies the variation within a given batch. With OWU, the DPLS method with one unit of time lag in the quality variable is the most effective, accurate, and easy to implement. With both BWU and OWU, we identify the quantitative effects of process variables on the quality variable and providence guidance to improve fermentation performance.
Tactile Sensing for Soft Robotic Manipulators in 50 MPa Hydrostatic Pressure Environments
Authors: Liu Shaoyu , Zhang Daohui , Fu Xin , Mo Liyan , Miao Qile , Huang Rong , Huang Xin , Guo Wei , Li Yangyang , Zheng Qingyang , Yang Ganguang , Bai Kun , Xie Bin , Yin Zhoupin , Wu Hao
Published: September 2023

Deep‐sea exploration remains a challenging task as the extreme hydrostatic pressure environment, darkness, and suspended sediment launch severely hinder the capability of deep‐sea vehicles. As a complement to underwater camera, tactile perception becomes especially important in situations where machine vision is limited. However, tactile sensors utilized in deep sea, which should be able to detect pressure changes of only hundreds of pascals under high hydrostatic pressure, are still lacking. To tackle the challenge imposed by hydrostatic pressure, a simulated deep‐sea environment flexible sensor (SDEFS) is proposed, consisting of a force sensor array and a bending sensor based on hydrogels for tactile sensing in 50 MPa hydrostatic pressure environments. The force sensor is unaffected by the hydrostatic pressure and achieves high sensitivity of 82.62 N−1 under 100 MPa hydrostatic pressure. The SDEFS is utilized to classify objects based on the difference in hardness. It can accurately classify seven objects on the ground, and three objects in an underwater environment with hydrostatic pressure of 50 MPa, with total recognition accuracies of 98.3% and 96%, respectively. With high force measurement sensitivity and accurate recognition ability under water, the SDEFS is expected to provide very valuable haptic sensing and feedback in deep‐sea exploration.
An Aerial–Aquatic Hitchhiking Robot with Remora‐Inspired Tactile Sensors and Thrust Vectoring Units
Authors: Li Lei , Liu Wenbo , Tian Bocheng , Hu Peiyu , Gao Wenzhuo , Liu Yuchen , Yang Fuqiang , Duo Youning , Cai Hongru , Zhang Yiyuan , Zhang Zhouhao , Li Zimo , Wen Li
Published: September 2023

Hybrid aerial–aquatic robots can operate in both air and water and cross between these two. They can be applied to amphibious observation, maritime search and rescue, and cross‐domain environmental monitoring. Herein, an aerial–aquatic hitchhiking robot is proposed that can fly, swim, and rapidly cross the air–water boundaries (0.16 s) and autonomously attach to surfaces in both air and water. Inspired by the mechanoreceptors of the remora (Echeneis naucrates) disc, the robot's hitchhiking device is equipped with two flexible bioinspired tactile sensors (FBTS) based on a triboelectric nanogenerator for tactile sensing of attachment status. Based on tactile sensing, the robot can perform reattachment after leakage or adhesion failure, enabling it to achieve long‐term adhesion on complex surfaces. The rotor‐based aerial–aquatic robot, which has two thrust vectoring units for underwater locomotion, can maneuver to pitch, yaw, and roll 360° and control precision motion position. The field tests show that the robot can continuously cross the air–water boundary, attach to the rough stone surface, and record video in both air and underwater. This study may shed light on future autonomous robots capable of intelligent navigation, adhesion, and operation in complex aerial–aquatic environments.
Higher Procedural Volumes Are Associated with Faster Treatment Times, Better Functional Outcomes, and Lower Mortality in Patients Undergoing Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Nogueira Raul G. , Haussen Diogo C. , Smith Eric E. , Sun Jie‐Lena , Xian Ying , Alhanti Brooke , Blanco Rosalia , Mac Grory Brian , Doheim Mohamed F. , Bhatt Deepak L. , Fonarow Gregg C. , Hassan Ameer E. , Joundi Raed A. , Mocco J , Frankel Michael R. , Schwamm Lee H.
Published: September 2023

Objective

We aimed to characterize the association of hospital procedural volumes with outcomes among acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients undergoing endovascular therapy (EVT).

Methods

This was a retrospective, observational cohort study using data prospectively collected from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2019 in the Get with the Guidelines–Stroke registry. Participants were derived from a cohort of 60,727 AIS patients treated with EVT within 24 hours at 626 hospitals. The primary cohort excluded patients with pretreatment National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) < 6, onset‐to‐treatment time > 6 hours, and interhospital transfers. There were 2 secondary cohorts: (1) the EVT metrics cohort excluded patients with missing data on time from door to arterial puncture and (2) the intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) metrics cohort only included patients receiving IVT ≤4.5 hours after onset.

Results

The primary cohort (mean ± standard deviation age = 70.7 ± 14.8 years; 51.2% female; median [interquartile range] baseline NIHSS = 18.0 [13–22]; IVT use, 70.2%) comprised 21,209 patients across 595 hospitals. The EVT metrics cohort and IVT metrics cohort comprised 47,262 and 16,889 patients across 408 and 601 hospitals, respectively. Higher procedural volumes were significantly associated with higher odds (expressed as adjusted odds ratio [95% confidence interval] for every 10‐case increase in volume) of discharge to home (1.03 [1.02–1.04]), functional independence at discharge (1.02 [1.01–1.04]), and lower rates of in‐hospital mortality (0.96 [0.95–0.98]). All secondary measures were also associated with procedural volumes.

Interpretation

Among AIS patients primarily presenting to EVT‐capable hospitals (excluding those transferred from one facility to another and those suffering in‐hospital strokes), EVT at hospitals with higher procedural volumes was associated with faster treatment times, better discharge outcomes, and lower rates of in‐hospital mortality. ANN NEUROL 2024;95:146–155
The reliability of parametric methods in the case of rating scales: A simulation study
Authors: Kindermann Harald
Published: September 2023

A recurring question is whether rating scales should be considered metrically scaled or merely ordinally scaled. This has direct implications for the permissible statistical procedures for significance testing. Based on the results of a simulation study, it is shown that the use of parametric procedures for rating scales has distinct advantages over the nonparametric alternatives. It is also shown that the parametric procedures are robust to violations of the assumption of normality, which only result in a modest loss of power compared with continuous variables. This loss should be taken into account when calculating the optimal sample size. The results suggest that sample sizes about 25% larger should be chosen for discrete rating scales than for continuous variables.
Photo‐Induced Carbonylation of Aryl Bromides for the Synthesis of Aryl Esters and Amides Under Transition Metal‐Free Conditions
Authors: Zheng Yan , Teng Bing‐Hong , Zhang Youcan , Wu Xiao‐Feng
Published: September 2023

In this work, we developed a photo‐induced carbonylation of aryl bromides under transition metal‐free conditions. The reaction shows good activity with alcohol and amine nucleophiles. Various esters and amides were formed from aryl halides and alcohols and amines under mild conditions in moderate to good yields.
It's All About Culture: Mission, Vision, Values Exercises in Non‐Profits
Authors: Rosen Diane
Published: September 2023

Dr. Diane Rosen is a principal at Compass Consultants, a business consultancy. In this article, she leads a discussion on the pros and cons of mission/vision/values exercises.
Randomized controlled trial on the effect of 1‐hour infusion of vincristine versus push injection on neuropathy in children with cancer (final analysis)
Authors: Uittenboogaard Aniek , van den Berg Marleen H. , Abbink Floor C. H. , Twisk Jos W. R. , van der Sluis Inge M. , van den Bos Cor , van den Heuvel‐Eibrink Marry M. , Segers Heidi , Chantrain Christophe , van der Werff ten Bosch Jutte , Willems Leen , Kaspers Gertjan J. L. , van de Velde Mirjam Esther
Published: September 2023

Introduction

Vincristine is an integral component of treatment for children with cancer. Its main dose‐limiting side effect is vincristine‐induced peripheral neuropathy (VIPN). The VINCA trial was a randomized controlled trial that explored the effect of 1‐hour infusion compared with push injection of vincristine on the development of VIPN in children with cancer. The short‐term outcomes (median follow‐up 9 months) showed that there was no difference in VIPN between the randomization groups. However, 1‐hour infusion was less toxic in children who also received azoles. We now report the results of the final analyses (median follow‐up 20 months), which includes treatment outcome as a secondary objective (follow‐up 3 years).

Methods

VIPN was measured 1–7 times per participant using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) and the pediatric‐modified total neuropathy score. Poisson mixed model and logistic generalized estimating equation analysis for repeated measures were performed.

Results

Forty‐five participants per randomization group were included. There was no significant effect of 1‐hour infusion compared with push injection on VIPN. In participants receiving concurrent azoles, the total CTCAE score was significantly lower in the one‐hour group (rate ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval 0.33–0.80, p = 0.003). Four patients in the one‐hour group and one patient in the push group relapsed. Two patients in the one‐hour group died.

Conclusion

1‐hour infusion of vincristine is not protective against VIPN. However, in patients receiving concurrent azoles, 1‐hour infusion may be less toxic. The difference in treatment outcome is most likely the result of differences in risk profile.
Perspectives for immunotherapy ofEBV‐associatedGLELC: A relatively “hot” tumor microenvironment
Authors: Lei Yanna , Cao Peng , Zheng Xiufeng , Wei Jing , Cheng Mo , Liu Ming
Published: September 2023

Background

Epstein–Barr virus (EBV)‐associated gastric lymphoepithelioma‐like carcinoma (EBVaGLELC) represents a small number of gastric cancer (GC), and research on tumor microenvironment (TME) and treatment strategy are still lacking.

Aims

Here, we aim to elucidate the immune features of this rare disease and further help to develop more effective treatment options.

Materials & Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted between 2019 to 2022 in West China Hospital to reveal the immunological characteristics of EBV‐positive GLELC. The difference of immune cell subset and tumor vascular structure between gastric denocarcinoma (GAC) and EBVaGLELC will be pointed out.

Discussion

13 patients with GELEC and 8 patients with GAC were retrospectively studied. The heterogeneity of the immune cell profile was then confirmed through multiplexed immunofluorescence staining (mIF), which revealed a higher proportion of CD3+T cells, CD8+T cells, and Treg cells in the EBV‐associated GLELC group. Such a distinct TME may provide therapeutic advantages, and patients with this rare subtype of GC could be good candidates for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Angiogenesis in EBV‐positive GLELC may be less intense than that in gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC), a feature that might decrease their susceptibility to antiangiogenic therapy. Furthermore, we reported a 52‐year‐old male with advanced EBV‐positive GLELC who showed a favorable response to the combined therapy with . A repeat evaluation showed sustained partial response (PR), and the progression‐free survival (PFS) was more than 34 months until now.

Conclusion

Compared with GAC, EBVaGLELC revealed higher T cell infiltration and less intense of angiogenesis. It displays relatively “hot” TME that may provide the rationality to treat with immunotherapy in EBV‐related GLELC.
How should extra‐large Lugol‐unstained lesions of the esophagus be treated? Results from a population‐based cohort study
Authors: Liu Mengfei , Qi Zifan , Zhou Ren , Guo Chuanhai , Liu Anxiang , Yang Haijun , Li Fenglei , Duan Liping , Shen Lin , Wu Qi , Liu Zhen , Pan Yaqi , Liu Fangfang , Liu Ying , Cai Hong , He Zhonghu , Ke Yang
Published: September 2023

Background

Current guidelines recommend only severe dysplasia and above (SDA) lesions of the esophageal squamous epithelium for clinical intervention. However, the histopathologic diagnosis derived from tissue biopsies may be subject to underestimation of severity.

Methods

1073 participants from whom biopsies were taken at baseline chromoendoscopic examination in a population‐based screening trial were enrolled in this study. The size of the Lugol‐unstained lesions (LULs) was mainly analyzed. The outcome was defined as SDA lesions either identified at baseline screening, or during follow‐up, collectively referred to as the cumulative risk of SDA. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate the cumulative risk of SDA.

Results

One hundred and forty‐six SDA cases were identified in the study period. Participants with large LULs had a high cumulative incidence of SDA (cumulative incidence16–20mm: 55.88%; cumulative incidence>20mm: 76.92%) in the median of 7‐year duration. LULs of large size were significantly associated with a higher cumulative risk of SDA, regardless of the pathologic diagnosis (adjusted OR16–20mmvs.≤5mm = 21.02, 95% CI: 7.56–58.47; adjusted OR>20mmvs.≤5mm = 33.62, 95% CI: 11.79–95.87).

Conclusions

Results from this study suggest physician–patient shared decision‐making regarding clinical treatment or intensive surveillance should be carried out for LULs >20 mm in the esophagus, regardless of the histologic diagnosis. For those with LULs of 16–20 mm, intensive surveillance would also best be considered.
Isocyanide‐Based One‐Pot Cascade Synthesis of 3‐Acyl Isoindolinones†
Authors: Liu Jia , Zhu Yi‐Ming , Xu Xiao‐Ping , Ji Shun‐Jun
Published: September 2023

Comprehensive Summary

A series of 3‐acyl‐substituted isoindolinone derivatives were synthesized in a one‐pot manner via the reaction of o‐bromobenzaldehydes, isocyanides, and carboxylic acids in the presence of palladium catalyst and base. The reaction employing easily available starting materials features simple operation and high efficiency. The mechanistic study showed that the reaction might undergo 1) Pd‐catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of o‐bromobenzaldehyde with isocyanide and the re‐insertion of another molecule of isocyanide, 2) addition of carboxylic acid to in situ formed ketenimine followed by a rearrangement relay to give 3,3‐diacyl‐substituted isoindolinone derivative. Further transformations of the obtained products through decarbonylation could also be realized.
Computational modeling of low‐density lipoprotein accumulation at the carotid artery bifurcation after stenting
Authors: Johari Nasrul H. , Menichini Claudia , Hamady Mohamad , Xu Xiao Y.
Published: September 2023

Restenosis typically occurs in regions of low and oscillating wall shear stress, which also favor the accumulation of atherogenic macromolecules such as low‐density lipoprotein (LDL). This study aims to evaluate LDL transport and accumulation at the carotid artery bifurcation following carotid artery stenting (CAS) by means of computational simulation. The computational model consists of coupled blood flow and LDL transport, with the latter being modeled as a dilute substance dissolved in the blood and transported by the flow through a convection‐diffusion transport equation. The endothelial layer was assumed to be permeable to LDL, and the hydraulic conductivity of LDL was shear‐dependent. Anatomically realistic geometric models of the carotid bifurcation were built based on pre‐ and post‐stent computed tomography (CT) scans. The influence of stent design was investigated by virtually deploying two different types of stents (open‐ and closed‐cell stents) into the same carotid bifurcation model. Predicted LDL concentrations were compared between the post‐stent carotid models and the relatively normal contralateral model reconstructed from patient‐specific CT images. Our results show elevated LDL concentration in the distal section of the stent in all post‐stent models, where LDL concentration is 20 times higher than that in the contralateral carotid. Compared with the open‐cell stents, the closed‐cell stents have larger areas exposed to high LDL concentration, suggesting an increased risk of stent restenosis. This computational approach is readily applicable to multiple patient studies and, once fully validated against follow‐up data, it can help elucidate the role of stent strut design in the development of in‐stent restenosis after CAS.
Transient power angle stability analysis and improvement strategy for parallel system of virtual synchronous generator and static var generator
Authors: Xiao Changlin , Jiang Fei , Su Bin , Gao Yan , Peng Xing , Liu Xiaoxiao
Published: September 2023

Virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) can actively support the frequency and voltage of the grid and are widely used in new energy power plants. Static var generators (SVGs) can improve the reactive power–voltage drop characteristics of the VSG and increase its ability to cope with complex operating conditions. However, the interaction between the VSG and the SVG can affect the output characteristics of the VSG and thus its transient power angle stability. Therefore, this paper proposes a method for analyzing the transient power angle stability of a VSG–SVG parallel system and its improvement strategy. Firstly, based on the equivalent circuit of the parallel system, the interaction‐coupled power model and the transient power angle characteristic model are derived. On this basis, the influence law of various parameters on the transient stability of VSG is analyzed based on the phase plane method. Secondly, a strategy is proposed to improve the transient power angle stability of the VSG–SVG parallel system based on the adaptive regulation of active power, and the feasibility of the strategy is verified by comparing the phase plane diagrams before and after the improved control. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed model and strategy is verified by Matlab/Simulink simulation.
Dynamic spectrum access‐based augmenting coverage in narrow band Internet of Things
Authors: Gnanaselvam R. , Vasanthi M. S.
Published: September 2023

The Third Generation Partnership Project launched the Narrowband Internet of Things (NB‐IoT) as part of 5G technology under Release‐13. These networks are authorized Low Power Wide Area Networks. It uses less power and sends message over long distances. The NB‐IoT is can be used widely in industries, environment, and home for automation. While comparing NB‐IoT to regular Long Term Evaluation Machine Type Communication, the repetition in uplink is 128. The extreme coverage by 164 dB in terms of Maximum Coupling Loss. The NB‐IoT is employed in deep coverage for users. If we use many repetitions in NB‐IoT technology, the results are shorter battery life and higher maintenance cost. Hence, we suggest abandoning the random spectrum access strategy in favor of a novel technique termed Dynamic Spectrum Access, which uses reinforcement learning algorithm to eliminate the shortcomings. This method is used to decrease the number of re‐transmissions so that NB‐IoT system power goes to less and augments coverage.
Night‐to‐night variability in sleep and amyloid beta burden in normal aging
Authors: Jouvencel Aurore , Baillet Marion , Meyer Marie , Dilharreguy Bixente , Lamare Frederic , Pérès Karine , Helmer Catherine , Dartigues Jean‐François , Amieva Hélène , Mayo Willy , Catheline Gwenaëlle
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

Alzheimer's disease is associated with sleep disturbances and accumulation of cerebral amyloid beta. The objective was to examine whether actigraphy‐detected sleep parameters might be biomarkers for early amyloid burden.

METHODS

Participants underwent a week of actigraphy and an amyloid positron emission tomography (PET) scan. Sleep duration and continuity disruption (sleep fragmentation and nocturnal awakenings) were extracted and compared between amyloid‐positive and amyloid‐negative participants. Then multiple linear regressions were used between mean or night‐to‐night intra‐individual variability (standard deviation) of sleep parameters and brain amyloid burden in a voxel‐wise analysis.

RESULTS

Eighty‐six subjects were included (80.3 ± 5.4 years; 48.8% of women). Amyloid‐positive participants had a higher variability of sleep fragmentation compared to amyloid‐negative participants. This parameter was associated with a higher amyloid burden in the frontal and parietal regions, and in the precuneus, in the whole sample.

DISCUSSION

This study highlights the relevance of using variability in sleep continuity as a potential biomarker of early amyloid pathogenesis.
Consensus recommendations for clinical assessment tools for the diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy syndrome from the Atypical AD PIA of ISTAART
Authors: Pelak Victoria S. , Tang‐Wai David F. , Boeve Bradley F. , Bouwman Femke H. , Graff‐Radford Jonathan , Rabinovici Gil , Holden Samantha K. , Townley Ryan A. , Day Gregory S. , Whitwell Jennifer , Ossenkoppele Rik , Boon Baayla D. C. , Putcha Deepti , Onyike Chiadi U. , Snyder Heather , Crutch Sebastian , Yong Keir X. X.
Published: September 2023

INTRODUCTION

Delay in diagnosis of posterior cortical atrophy (PCA) syndrome is common, and the lack of familiarity with assessment tools for identifying visual cortical dysfunction is a contributing factor. We propose recommendations for the approach to the evaluation of PCA clinical features during the office visit, the neuropsychological evaluation, and the research setting. A recommended screening battery for eye clinics is also proposed.

METHODS

Recommendations were developed using results from a web‐based survey of members of Alzheimer's Association International Society to Advance Alzheimer's Research and Treatment (ISTAART) Atypical Alzheimer's Disease Professional Interest Area (PIA), literature review, and consensus by the PCA assessment working party of the Atypical Alzheimer's Disease PIA.

RESULTS

Survey results revealed robust agreement for assessment tool preferences for PCA features, and many respondents indicated that they reserve assessment tools for use only when PCA is suspected. For some PCA features, curated tools were preferred over validated battery tools, particularly for the office visit. Consensus recommendations superseded survey preferences for two core cognitive features within the 2017 PCA diagnostic criteria.

DISCUSSION

These consensus recommendations provide an evaluation framework for PCA clinical features and can facilitate timely and accurate recognition and diagnosis of PCA. Broader use of these tools should be sought, and development and validation of novel PCA clinical outcome assessments are needed to improve our understanding of atypical AD and other dementias and support the inclusion of those with PCA in treatment trials.
Eanes leads York College into the future
Authors: Elfman Lois
Published: September 2023

Dr. Berenecea Johnson Eanes, President of York College (City University of New York), embraces creating and sustaining supportive networks, noting that succeeding in academic leadership requires like‐minded people who share your goals.
Discovery of novel pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives as selective and potent PI3Kδ inhibitors
Authors: Bai Huanrong , Sun Jiajia , Lei Hao , Zhang San‐Qi , Yuan Bo , Ma Mengyan , Xin Minhang
Published: September 2023

The δ isoform of class I PI3K (PI3Kδ) has been shown as a promising target for the treatment of hematologic malignancies and immune diseases. Herein, a series of pyrido[3,2‐d]pyrimidine derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for the preliminary bioactivity. Compared with idelalisib, compound S5 exhibited excellent enzyme activity against PI3Kδ (IC50 = 2.82 nM) and strong antiproliferation activity against SU‐DHL‐6 cells (IC50 = 0.035 μM). Besides, S5 inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, which is downstream of PI3Kδ, in concentration‐dependent manner. In view of the significant improvement in potency of PI3Kδ and selectivity over other PI3K isoforms, Compound S5 deserved further investigation as a promising PI3Kδ inhibitor.