bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular-cytogenetic analysis of diploid wheatgrass Thinopyrum bessarabicum (Savul. and Rayss) A. Löve
Authors: Badaeva Ekaterina D. , Surzhikov Sergei A. , Agafonov Alexander V.
Published: December 2019

Thinopyrum bessarabicum(T. Săvulescu & T. Rayss, 1923) A. Löve, 1980 is diploid (2n=2x=14, JJ or EbEb), perennial self-fertilizing rhizomatous maritime beach grass, which is phylogenetically close to another diploid wheatgrass species,Agropyron elongatum(N. Host, 1797) P. de Beauvois, 1812. The detailed karyotype ofTh. bessarabicumwas constructed based on FISH with six DNA probes representing 5S and 45S rRNA gene families and four tandem repeats. We found that the combination of pAesp_SAT86 (= pTa-713) probe with pSc119.2 or pAs1/ pTa-535 allows the precise identification of all J-genome chromosomes. Comparison of our data with the results of other authors showed that karyotypicallyTh. bessarabicumis distinct fromA. elongatum. On the other hand, differences between the J-genome chromosomes ofTh. bessarabicumand the chromosomes of hexaploidTh. intermedium(N. Host, 1797) M. Barkworth & D.R. Dewey, 1985 and decaploidTh. ponticum(J. Podpěra, 1902) Z.–W. Liu & R.–C. Wang, 1993 in the distribution of rDNA loci and hybridization patterns of pSc119.2 and pAs1 probes could be an indicative of (1) this diploid species was probably not involved in the origin of these polyploids or (2) it could has contributed the J-genome toTh. intermediumandTh. ponticum, but it was substantially modified over the course of speciation
Modèles d’effets, effets des modèles
Authors: Demortain David
Published: December 2019

Le calcul prédictif des risques est suspecté d’être une discipline favorable aux intérêts industriels. Prédire les risques, c’est définir précisément les dangers auxquels les populations font face et pousser à ajuster la décision publique à ces niveaux de danger, ou à la repousser dans l’attente de plus de certitudes. Cet article propose une histoire de l’utilisation de modèles prédictifs dans l’évaluation des produits chimiques et questionne ses effets sur la gouvernance environnementale. Il montre que les effets des modèles dits de Physiologically-Based PharmacoKinetics (PBPK) sur la décision publique sont en réalité souvent limités. Loin d’imposer un calcul de risque aux décideurs, ils ouvrent des espaces de débat sur la qualité des données et leurs incertitudes. Les effets du calcul peuvent être appréciés, de ce fait, à l’aune des configurations sociales dans lesquelles leur interprétation et leur évaluation sont conduites, et des réseaux qui dominent ces configurations. De ce point de vue et dans ce cas, le pouvoir de l’industrie gagné à travers cette technique a décliné au cours du temps.
Effects of Simulation-Based Deliberate Practice on Nursing Students' Communication, Empathy, and Self-Efficacy
Authors: Li Ju , Li Xue , Gu Linlin , Zhang Rui , Zhao Rongyan , Cai Qiaoying , Lu Yanyan , Wang Hui , Meng Qinghui , Wei Holly
Published: December 2019

Background:

Newly graduated nurses' communication ability often does not satisfy the needs of clinical sites. New training pedagogies are needed to help nursing students improve communication skills. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of simulation-based deliberate practice on cultivating nursing students' communication, empathy, and self-efficacy.

Method:

The study was a randomized controlled trial. A total of 132 first-year nursing students participated in the study at a nursing school in China. The intervention was guided by simulation-based education and deliberate practice. The Clinical Communication Ability Scale, Jefferson Scale of Empathy-Health Professionals, and General Self-Efficacy Scale were used to measure the students' outcomes.

Results:

After the intervention, students' scores of clinical communication ability, empathy, and self-efficacy in the experimental group all increased significantly, compared with those of the control group.

Conclusion:

The simulation-based deliberate practice program is a feasible teaching method targeting improvement in nursing students' communication, empathy, and self-efficacy.

[
J Nurs Educ
. 2019;58(12):681–689.]
“It Was a Different Environment”: Evaluating a Cultural Exchange Program
Authors: Singer Rebecca M. , Garduno Ericka Y. , Jiang Blair , Shideler Annie Perry
Published: December 2019

Background:

As nursing colleges seek to respond to the demands of the profession for nurses who are globally engaged and of the students for global health educational experiences, Riner's Globally Engaged Nursing Education framework is an effective tool for developing and evaluating an experience.

Method:

Using Riner's framework, faculty and students at a nursing college evaluate an inaugural cultural exchange program between their U.S.-based college and a partner in India.

Results:

The framework helps the team identify the strengths of the program, as well as areas for improvement for future global endeavors. The framework as an evaluation tool is also critiqued in light of this process.

Conclusion:

Overall, this inaugural program was a success and with this evaluation will inform future cultural exchanges between these institutions.[J Nurs Educ. 2019;58(12):704–711.]
Selección de la mejor alternativa en proyectos de infraestructuras de aparcamientos con criterios en conflicto de diferentes grupos de interés
Authors: Muñoz-Medina B. , Romana M. G. , Ordóñez J.
Published: December 2019

El artículo analiza los métodos de decisión multicriterio como herramienta que permite a promotores, públicos o privados, y proyectistas determinar la(s) alternativa(s) más adecuadas en condiciones de incertidumbre y con criterios económicos, sociales, de sostenibilidad y funcionales en conflicto. La aplicación de estos métodos de manera secuencial puede ayudar a determinar la mejor solución y a minimizar la subjetividad del decisor. Se analizan los criterios determinantes en el proceso de decisión y diferentes ubicaciones y tipologías como alternativas. Para que el análisis sea completo, se deben incluir todas las partes interesadas participantes en el proyecto, incluyendo, por su importancia, a los usuarios. La metodología propuesta reúne estas características e incluye como criterio, la percepción del usuario (el valor de utilidad para el usuario), expresado en términos económicos, no incluido en investigaciones previas de selección de alternativas en aparcamientos.
Los primeros entramados de madera y muros de ‘doble hoja’: las posadas de Madrid (1669-1798)
Authors: González-Redondo E.
Published: December 2019

En Madrid perviven numerosas casas con estructura de entramado de madera, con catalogación Estructural o Integral. Sin embargo, este sistema constructivo de muros de carga interiores entramados y muros de fachada de ‘doble hoja’ es poco conocido. El descubrimiento y análisis de proyectos antiguos de posadas, con información gráfica y escrita no publicados hasta la fecha (1669-1798), y la reconstrucción de sus detalles constructivos, explican esta tipología, desde los primeros esqueletos de madera rellenos de albañilería, hasta el inicio de las estructuras metálicas. La Posada del peine, la más antigua conservada, y con el plano más antiguo con muros entramados dibujados, desvela el origen y desarrollo de estas estructuras; también la modificación del edificio original (1616 -1863) y su posterior ampliación (1891-2). La metodología desarrollada demuestra su validez para estudiar construcciones históricas similares, y llena el vacío bibliográfico existente, resolviendo también los errores en las referencias encontradas.
Fishing effort alternatives for the management of demersal fisheries in the western Mediterranean
Authors: Martín Paloma , Maynou Francesc , Garriga-Panisello Mariona , Ramírez John , Recasens Laura
Published: December 2019

Management alternatives based on fishing effort for the demersal fisheries in the western Mediterranean were tested, with the novelty of examining management alternatives at temporal scales smaller than one year. Nine scenarios were considered on the basis of input control: decrease in the number of fishing days, which may correspond to cessation of activity of vessels or lower activity of the fleet; and implementation of seasonal closures of one-, two- and three-month duration in winter, spring, summer and autumn. The approach is based on a multispecies and multigear bioeconomic model. We selected a total of ten species (Merluccius merluccius, Nephrops norvegicus, Mullus barbatus, Mullus surmuletus, Parapenaeus longirostris, Lophius piscatorius, Lophius budegassa, Aristeus antennatus, Phycis blennoides and Lepidorhombus boscii) and seven fleets, defined as a combination of fishing gear (bottom trawl, entangling nets and longline) and fleet segment. A similar decrease in F is achieved with a 20% reduction of fishing effort (days) or with two- to three-month closures. Maximum Sustainable Yield (MSY) for all stocks would be achieved only with such a drastic reduction of fishing effort ( > 80% of fishing days by the end of the five years of simulation) that, in practice, its application can be considered unrealistic, since it would represent a very low activity of all fishing fleets over the year.
Teaching Primary School Pupils Through Audio-Visual Means
Authors: Bagila Sabdenova , Kok Abdullah , Zhumabaeva Aziya , Suleimenova Zharkynbike , Riskulbekova Asima , Uaidullakyzy Elmira
Published: November 2019

Recognition of Kazakh language as the state language of the Republic of Kazakhstan by the Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan, adoption of ‘State programme of functioning and development of languages for 2011–2020’, the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan ‘On languages of the Republic of Kazakhstan’, ‘The State programme on education and science development for 2016–2020’ allowed our native language to develop and prosper. Nowadays, special attention is paid to the problem of teaching the Kazakh language. In today's organised pedagogical environment, it is not fully examined the need for the development of communication skills of elementary school students and scientifically-based and practical communication to solve this problem via audio and graphic tools. Therefore, this article focuses on the need to teach elementary school students to work with audio and graphic materials and technology issues on the use of practical materials. Provided that the theoretical foundations for the development of communication skills of elementary school students through audio-visual aids hold true, the structural-substantial model will allow the development of each student’s individual abilities and creativity. Taking into account the foregoing, we have set up a positive outline of the effectiveness of the work with audio equipment through the organisation of practical work, practice-assemblage, research, diagnostics, practical work in elementary school teachers through specially organised thematic seminars
Espace, territoires et maladies vectorielles : enseignements des Suds pour lutter contre la menace des arboviroses au Brésil ?
Authors: Handschumacher Pascal , Fournet Florence , Ramalho Walter
Published: December 2019

Les maladies à transmission vectorielle constituent une menace sans cesse renouvelée pour la santé humaine. Adaptation des vecteurs, changement climatique, transformation des environnements, mondialisation des échanges, urbanisation, favorisent le maintien voire l’émergence et la diffusion de ces risques infectieux. Au Brésil, l’actualité se focalise autour des arboviroses transmises par les Aedes aegypti, le pays étant confronté à l’essor aussi bien de la dengue, du Zika, que du Chikungunya et la persistance de la fièvre jaune. D’autres maladies vectorielles se maintiennent comme les schistosomoses, autour des périmètres irrigués du rio São Francisco. La dynamique spatiale de ces pathologies souligne le rôle de la structuration des espaces, du fonctionnement des réseaux, de l’essor de l’urbanisation, de l’offre de soins, faisant écho à des études menées autour des maladies vectorielles, en d’autres lieux et sur d’autres continents. En rappelant les enseignements géographiques issus de quelques travaux interdisciplinaires, nous proposons de renouveler le regard porté sur les maladies vectorielles par des confrontations d’expériences de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique, voire des frontières sud-américaines.
Estimativa populacional pelo modelo people in pixel aplicado ao estudo da dengue no Distrito Federal-Brasil
Authors: Gregorio Leandro da Silva , Gurgel Helen , Dessay Nadine , Sousa Gustavo Mota de , Roux Emmanuel
Published: December 2019

Em estudos sobre problemas de saúde, a obtenção de dados demográficos espacializados é essencial para a compreensão dos processos de transmissão e dispersão de doenças, bem como para o cálculo da taxa de incidência, que são fundamentais para as estratégias de controle e de prevenção. O desenvolvimento e a aplicação de métodos de estimativa populacional, em escala de detalhe, visando à obtenção do número da população, principalmente durante os anos intercensitários, podem contribuir para a análise da incidência de determinada doença. O objetivo do artigo é apresentar um método de estimativa da população, elaborado a partir de uma adaptação do método people in pixel (Cruz et al., 2007), podendo ser aplicado em unidades espaciais de diferentes resoluções. O método utiliza imagens de satélite e dados censitários. Aplicou-se a estimativa populacional anual das "zonas de saúde" (ZBS) do Distrito Federal-Brasil, entre 2007 e 2014, a fim de estudar a distribuição espacial das taxas de incidência de dengue ao longo do tempo. Este estudo permitiu identificar as áreas de alta transmissão de dengue e mostrar a variabilidade interanual dos padrões espaciais de transmissão da doença, o que pode contribuir para a definição de estratégias de controle da dengue no Distrito Federal.
Identification des Villages à Risque (IVR) : pour un état des lieux de la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine au Niger
Authors: Rouamba Jérémi , Salissou Adamou , Sakandé Hassane , Jamonneau Vincent , Courtin Fabrice
Published: December 2019

Au Niger, la Trypanosomiase Humaine Africaine (THA) était sous contrôle dès les années 1950 et le dernier cas de THA autochtone connu dans la littérature a été dépisté en 1972. En 2013, l’OMS a affiché sa volonté d’éliminer la THA comme problème de santé publique à l’horizon 2020, il était donc impératif d’actualiser la situation de la THA au Niger. Cependant, en l’absence de données épidémiologiques récentes, où faut-il diriger les équipes médicales ? La méthode d’Identification des Villages à Risque (IVR) de THA permet d’établir, sur la base de critères liés à l’historique de la maladie et aux conditions géographiques actuelles, une liste de villages à risque. Ces derniers sont ensuite visités par une équipe légère qui récolte des informations épidémiologiques, géographiques et entomologiques, qui sont ensuite structurées dans une base de données géo-référencée qui est interrogée. Les villages les plus susceptibles d’héberger un cas de THA sont alors proposés pour une prospection médicale. En 2015, 28peuplements identifiés comme à risque ont été visités par une équipe légère, et sur les 384 Tests de Diagnostic Rapide (TDR) effectués, 12 se sont révélés positifs mais aucun n’a répondu positivement au test spécifique de la trypanolyse, écartant le diagnostic de la THA. Le Sud du Niger héberge encore quelques forêts-galeries bien conservées qui constituent des gîtes favorables aux glossines, exposant les populations riveraines à leur piqûre. Onze villages ont finalement été proposés pour une prospection médicale. Le contact homme/glossine doit être restreint à une population très spécifique, qui mène des activités à l’intérieur ou en périphérie du parc national du W. La situation de la THA au Niger doit être clarifiée pour permettre de mettre en place les stratégies de lutte adaptée en vue de son élimination.
Saúde e desastres no Brasil: uma reflexão sobre os aspectos envolvidos em eventos hidrológicos e rompimento de barragens
Authors: Silva Eliane Lima e , Gurgel Helen , Freitas Carlos Machado de
Published: December 2019

Desastres associados às inundações e ao rompimento de barragens provocam impactos diretos e indiretos sobre a saúde e seus danos dependem da vulnerabilidade e resiliência presentes nas áreas atingidas. Nesse trabalho, refletimos sobre as políticas públicas setoriais envolvidas na gestão de risco de desastres no Brasil, tendo como casos ilustrativos as inundações e o desastre da Vale, decorrente do rompimento de barragem de rejeito de minério em Brumadinho/MG. Para isso, foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico e documental além da análise de dados da ocorrência de inundações e do registro de barragens no Brasil. Constata-se que esses são problemas recorrentes no país e se distribuem por todo o território nacional e que, apesar de contar com políticas públicas específicas, estas não foram de fato implementadas o que coloca em risco boa parte da população do país. Percebe-se que os desastres se tornaram parte da rotina do país e, em alguns discursos, observa-se até a sua naturalização, ao mesmo tempo em que os mais graves são tratados como excepcionalidades ou imprevisíveis. Quando analisado o cenário brasileiro de inundações e de barragens fica evidente a não priorização de ações preventivas e a adoção de abordagens reativas parece ser parte da estratégia de manejo de emergências. É evidente a necessidade de reorganização da gestão de desastres, envolvendo seus diferentes atores, no intuito de estabelecer processos que reduzam a fragmentação e sobreposição de ações. Nesse contexto, a existência de planos de preparação e resposta para desastres são necessários em todos os municípios de risco, não podendo se limitar ao processo burocrático de legislações e destituído de sistemas de alerta e alarme que efetivamente contribuam para salvar vidas.
Trabalhar na interface: coprodução de conhecimento entre cientistas e gestores públicos na saúde ambiental. O programa Vigiagua como estudo de caso em Santarém/PA
Authors: Cavalcante Louise , Nasuti Stéphanie
Published: December 2019

A coprodução de conhecimento é uma maneira de engajar atores acadêmicos e extra acadêmicos na produção compartilhada de conhecimento. Nesse contexto, este estudo tem o objetivo de debater o potencial do trabalho de fronteira, uma abordagem participativa, para mediar um processo de coprodução de conhecimento entre pesquisadores e gestores públicos municipais. Para estimular as discussões sobre esse processo, a qualidade da água de uma região amazônica foi usada como objeto de estudo. Parte dos dados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas e outros, os dados secundários, oriundos de bases de dados públicas. Os resultados apontam que existem oportunidades de coprodução de conhecimento que poderiam ser aproveitadas tanto por pesquisadores quanto por gestores. Esse novo conhecimento teria o potencial de melhorar tanto a gestão da água em Santarém, e assim, minimizar os riscos das doenças de veiculação hídrica, quanto apoiar os pesquisadores em suas atividades. Apesar de, neste caso, o processo mostrar-se como uma relação ganha-ganha, existem algumas limitações à sua efetiva realização, como distância geográfica dos atores envolvidos, a carência de laboratórios, canal de comunicação de dados e as características institucionais intrínsecas à academia e à gestão pública.
Análise dos padrões espaço-temporais das internações por diarreia e do clima nas capitais brasileiras
Authors: Fuckner Marcus , Junior Osmar Abilio de Carvalho , Gurgel Helen , Barcellos Christovam , Durieux Laurent
Published: December 2019

As diarreias e gastroenterites constituem um importante problema de saúde pública no Brasil e no mundo e a sua dinâmica sazonal de ocorrência está associada a fatores ligados às condições ambientais, tais como o clima. Esta pesquisa estudou o comportamento temporal das internações hospitalares motivadas por doenças diarreicas e gastroenterites de origem infecciosa presumível (DGOIP) nas 27 capitais brasileiras, registradas mensalmente de 1998 a 2012, bem como das variáveis precipitação e temperatura, segundo as normais climatológicas, a partir da elaboração e interpretação de climogramas e histogramas contendo os dados totalizados por trimestres e análise de correlação linear simples. Os resultados permitiram observar que há padrões mais definidos de predominância das internações em um determinado período do ano em regiões onde há presença de duas estações do ano bem características, uma chuvosa e outra seca, sendo que nas demais regiões, a exemplo do Sul do País, não há um comportamento único predominante. O padrão temporal ligado a estação chuvosa foi verificado principalmente nas regiões Norte e Nordeste enquanto o padrão associado ao período da estação seca, no Centro-Oeste e Sudeste, o que supõe uma variação na etiologia predominante da infecção, de acordo com a literatura, se bacteriana ou viral. A pesquisa concluiu que fatores como a sazonalidade e a agregação de variáveis meteorológicas são relevantes na análise dos padrões de ocorrência da DGOIP, devendo ser realizados estudos de observação contínua das internações a fim de detectar alterações nos padrões sazonais de predominância dos casos das doenças, notadamente tendo em vista a ampla cobertura da vacinação infantil para o rotavírus no Brasil.
A produção da habitação social numa cidade amazônica
Authors: Oliveira José Aldemir de , Souza Crizan Graça de
Published: December 2019

Neste artigo, discute-se a habitação produzida a partir de políticas públicas nas cidades da Amazônia e como essas impactam a vida dos moradores. Mostra-se que a geografia das cidades recebedoras desses projetos torna-se mais complexa à medida que os interesses dos vários agentes produtores do espaço buscam, a partir das condições objetivas, garantir a reprodução ampliada das relações capitalistas nos lugares mais distantes da Amazônia, especialmente nas cidades ribeirinhas. O artigo é resultado de pesquisas desenvolvidas durante os anos de 2016 e 2017 e identifica as diferenças e semelhanças da produção de habitação social na cidade de Parintins, no Amazonas, com os primeiros conjuntos financiados pelo BNH e os mais recentes pela CEF, por meio do Programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. Conclui-se que a produção de habitação social resulta em mudanças no espaço, tais como a expansão da cidade, a inserção dos conjuntos na estrutura urbana, o número de empreendimentos e equipamentos urbanos construídos. Aparecem, nesses resultados, de modo implícito, questões que não podem ser quantificadas, pois vão além das formas arquitetônicas e estão relacionadas às dimensões do vivido.
Práticas espaciais de jovens indígenas no cotidiano da cidade de Dourados (MS)
Authors: Silva Solange Rodrigues da , Helfenstein Adriano Michel
Published: December 2019

Neste texto almejamos promover o diálogo entre algumas problemáticas as quais entendemos, vem se configurando como relevantes para a Geografia, em especial no que se refere à importância que as questões relativas aos povos indígenas têm adquirido na atualidade. Nossa reflexão desdobra-se da análise realizada a desenhos elaborados por alunos indígenas, em atividades realizadas nas aulas de Geografia. Nestas atividades ficam evidenciadas situações de invisibilidade, a que os povos indígenas que residem no município de Dourados-MS, estão diariamente submetidos. As reflexões realizadas acerca dos desenhos e textos elaborados pelos alunos, demonstram os (des) encontros dos povos indígenas com os demais moradores do município, marcado por diferentes temporalidades que coexistem neste espaço.
White Light Generation from Emissive Hybrid Nanocrystals CdSe/CdTe/CdS Core/Shell/Shell System
Authors: Kadim Akeel M.
Published: November 2019

New nanocrystals (NCs) were engineered with a core/shell/shell system consisting of CdSe core/ CdTe shell/ CdS shell. The white light generation mechanism was described depending on mixing colors from the illuminated CdSe/CdTe/CdS core/shell/shell nanocrystals. The color mixed in CdSe/CdTe/CdS core/shell/shell NCs system were used to generate extreme white light when illuminated by InGaN/GaN UV LED (λ=360 nm) the core/shell/shell NCs system tuned the chromaticity coordinates to (0.332, 0.340) and increased the intensity of the emitted white light. The synthesis of the CdSe/CdTe/CdS core/shell/shell NCs were confirmed by SEM, AFM, XRD and photoluminescence (PL) experiments due to create of surface states defects information. This enhancement was recognized to the overlap of emission with the photoluminescence (PL) spectrum of CdSe/CdTe/CdS core/shell/shell NCs which indications to a cold white light generation. Current-voltage (I–V) characteristics indicate that the output current is good compared to the few voltages (6 V) used which give acceptable results to get a generation of white light.
Kitasu Hill: a Late-Pleistocene volcano, Swindle Island, British Columbia
Authors: Bednarski J M , Hamilton T S
Published: December 2019

Kitasu Hill is a small volcano on an outer island of coastal of British Columbia and is one of a group of the four late Quaternary-aged cinder cones peripheral to Milbanke Sound. The cones coincide with major structural lineaments in the area, but their
relationship with these fault zones is unknown. Kitasu volcano was examined in detail by high resolution lidar topography and by paleomagnetic, geochemical and petrographic analyses on a limited number of field samples. An elevated platform of brecciated alkaline basalt and pillow lava forms the
base of Kitasu volcano. The platform is straight-edged, abruptly terminating at ~80 m above sea level (asl) and is partially overlain by a well-preserved cinder cone reaching 233 m asl with two smaller cones nested within the main crater. Stratigraphy shows that parts of the volcanic platform
is underlain by hyaloclastite containing a mixture of locally sourced basaltic material and ~20% mineral grains and glacial erratic cobbles from Coast Mountain sources. The sediment characteristics and overall morphology of the volcanic platform intimates that Kitasu volcano is a tuya with
the initial eruption taking place in a subglacial setting during the waning stage of the last glaciation between 14.5 and 12.5 ka BP (radiocarbon years ago). Geomorphology and petrography, showing the preservation of glass and olivine in volcanic sediment, suggest that Kitasu Hill is predominantly a
monogenetic depositional feature with little or no reworking or redeposition. The final pyroclastic eruptions took place sometime after 12.3 ka BP, based on the postglacial relative sea level history of the region. It is concluded that the Milbanke cones likely erupted near the end of the last
glaciation rather than during postglacial time like previously thought. Coincidentally, during Late Pleistocene deglaciation the four cones were positioned similarly with respect to the retreating ice sheet and thus may have undergone similar glacially induced crustal stresses and erosion. We
propose that the ice sheet mostly eroded two of the four Milbanke cones previously reported as erosional remnants, whereas Helmet Peak, the second best preserved cone, was partly eroded by south-flowing ice in Mathieson Channel. Kitasu Hill lies within the unceded territory of the Kitasoo/Xai'Xais
First Nation.
Livro-brinquedo de plantas medicinais: uma proposta de ensino de ciências e alfabetização – língua portuguesa com turma de 1º ano do ensino fundamental
Authors: Teles Aline Dos Santos , Corrêa Anderson Domingues
Published: November 2019

A pesquisa aborda a construção de um material educativo lúdico no formato de alfabetário sobre plantas medicinais, constituído por uma paródia e um livro-brinquedo, idealizados para promover o ensino de Ciências, e a complementação da alfabetização de alunos do 1º ano do ensino fundamental numa escola pública no município de Japeri (RJ). Trata-se de um estudo de caso com abordagem qualitativa, os instrumentos de coleta de dados adotados foram a observação participante e a entrevista individual. Os materiais foram construídos a partir do levantamento prévio acerca do conhecimento e das preferências dos alunos de modo a contemplar e valorizar os saberes populares desse público e dessa forma tornar o material mais atrativo. Como resultado, compreendemos que o material poderá proporcionar uma reflexão sobre a prática docente, principalmente daqueles que lecionam nas turmas de alfabetização, no que diz respeito à possibilidade do ensino de conhecimento científico e da alfabetização.
Survival differences of patients with ureteral versus pelvicalyceal tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Kaczmarek Krystian , Lemiński Artur , Gołąb Adam , Słojewski Marcin
Published: December 2019

Introduction

Worse survival in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in the presence of a tumour in the ureter vs. pelvicalyceal tumours is reported in some studies; however, the definition of ureteral involvement (UI) varies across studies. We systematically evaluated evidence regarding the prognostic role of UI in overall and cancer-specific survival of patients with UTUC.

Material and methods

A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and Web of Knowledge was performed in March 2018.

Results

The results were presented as a comparison between ureteral vs. pelvicalyceal tumours. A total of 14,895 patients were identified. Cumulative analyses indicated that UI worsens cancer-specific survival (CSS) and overall survival (OS), with a pooled HR of 1.52 (p < 0.001) and 1.39 (p = 0.004), respectively.

Conclusion

Our meta-analysis identified UI in UTUC as an adverse prognostic factor.
miR-200a-3p predicts prognosis and inhibits bladder cancer cell proliferation by targeting STAT4
Authors: Li Ming , Li Jie , Ye Chaoyang , Wu Weiwu , Cheng Yi
Published: December 2019

Introduction

STAT4 is a transcriptional regulator that has been reported to have oncogenic activities in various cancers. In our study, the posttranscriptional regulatory effect of miR-200a-3p on STAT4 and the prognostic significance of miR-200a-3p and STAT4 were evaluated in bladder cancer (BCa).

Material and methods

Proliferation and apoptosis of BCa cell lines were monitored using CCK-8 and Annexin V-FITC assays, respectively. Gene and protein expression levels in BCa tissues and cells were detected using RT-qPCR and western blotting, respectively.

Results

Significant downregulation of miR-200a-3p and upregulation of STAT4 were observed in BCa tissues and cells compared with the corresponding non-tumor adjacent tissues. Both STAT4 and miR-200a-3p were validated as independent prognostic indicators in sixty-nine BCa patients for predicting overall survival and disease-free survival. In vitro experimental analyses revealed that knockdown of STAT4 repressed BCa cell growth and elevated cell apoptosis. Molecular interactive analysis revealed STAT4 as a direct target of miR-200a-3p, which could suppress STAT4 protein expression by posttranscriptional repression. Cotransfection of miR-200a-3p mimics and STAT4 overexpression plasmids into BCa cells demonstrated that the antineoplastic activities of miR-200a-3p in vitro were neutralized by overexpressed STAT4.

Conclusions

The miR-200a-3p/STAT4 signaling cascade plays an important role in the progression of BCa, which provides a new promising target for targeted BCa therapies.
Manual strangulation of the uterine isthmus after placental removal to reduce blood loss during cesarean section
Authors: Cilingir Isil , Karahasanoglu Ayse , Deregozu Aysegul , Ozdemir Mucize , Yazicioglu Fehmi
Published: December 2019

Introduction

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of manual strangulation of the uterine isthmus on the amount of blood loss during cesarean section.

Material and methods

This is a prospective randomized controlled trial. A total of 118 participants were enrolled in the study. Manual strangulation of the uterine isthmus just after placental removal was performed during cesarean section in group I (n = 57; the strangulation group). Strangulation was not performed in group II (n = 61; the control group). Preoperative and postoperative venous blood hemoglobin, capillary hemoglobin, and absorbed blood levels during the operation were compared between the two groups.

Results

The median age of the patients was 28.5 (19–41). The median body
mass index of the patients in the study was 27 (21–42). There were no
significant differences in the demographic characteristics of the patients
between the groups. The median difference between the preoperative and
postoperative 4–6 h capillary hemoglobin values was significantly lower in
the strangulation group (2.0 (0–9)) than in the control group (3.0 (0–8)).
The amount of absorbed blood during the operation was also significantly
lower in the strangulation group (164.5 ml (69–1310)) than in the control
group (230 ml (35–3223)).

Conclusions

Manual uterine strangulation of the uterine isthmus immediately after the removal of the placenta may induce a 30% decrease in blood loss during cesarean section.
From categorical diagnosis to dimensional assessment of borderline personality
Authors: Huczewska Izabela , Didyk Patrycja , Rogoza Radosław
Published: December 2019

Recent research suggested that personality disorders could be diagnosed as a continuous phenomenon. Therefore, in our study we examined whether the dimensional model of pathological personality traits could be applied to the assessment of borderline personality1. For this purpose, we modified an existing measure of borderline personality, the McLean Screening Instrument for Borderline Personality Disorder (MSI-BPD), and scrutinized its psychometric properties (i.e., reliability, factorial structure, criterion validity). To assess criterion validity we calculated correlations with pathological personality traits. Our sample comprised 354 participants (67.8% women). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the modified MSI-BPD measures borderline per-sonality as a global construct, giving one-factor structure. The reliability of the measurement was excellent (α = .90). Moreover, we found positive associations between borderline personality and all five pathological person-ality traits, which supports the validity of the continuous assessment of borderline personality. Our findings sug-gest that the DSM-5 dimensional model may be applied in the assessment of borderline personality.
Tingling hand: magnetic resonance imaging of median nerve pathologies within the carpal tunnel
Authors: Kumari Ashwini , Singh Sapna , Garg Anju , Prakash Anjali , Sural Sumit
Published: December 2019

Compressive neuropathy of the median nerve at the level of the carpal tunnel, known as carpal tunnel syndrome, is the most common entrapment neuropathy, affecting about 0.1-1% of the general population. Magnetic resonance reliably imaged the flexor retinaculum and carpal bones and thus defined the borders of the carpal tunnel. In all cases the median nerve was seen as an ovoid structure of moderate signal intensity and was easily distinguished from the flexor tendons of the hands running in the carpal tunnel. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as an extremely useful tool for evaluation of primary nerve pathologies and for the assessment of space-occupying lesions leading to its compression. We present a pictorial review of the MRI findings in the multitude of pathologies implicated in the causation of carpal tunnel syndrome. All the images were obtained from the Department of Radiodiagnosis in our own institution.
Air mass physio-chemical characteristics over New Delhi: Impacts on aerosol hygroscopicity and CCN formation
Authors: Arub Zainab , Bhandari Sahil , Gani Shahzad , Apte Joshua S. , Hildebrandt Ruiz Lea , Habib Gazala
Published: December 2019

Abstract. This work presents for the first time long term and time-resolved estimates of hygroscopicty parameter (κ) and CCN for Delhi, a megacity that is subjected to high local anthropogenic emissions and long-range transport of pollutants. As a part of the Delhi Aerosol Supersite (DAS) campaign, characterisation of aerosol composition and size distribution were conducted from January 2017–March 2018. Air masses originating from the Arabian Sea (AS), Bay of Bengal (BB) and South Asia (SA) exhibited distinct characteristics of time-resolved sub-micron non-refractory PM1 (NRPM1) species, size distributions, and CCN number concentrations. SA air mass had the highest NRPM1 loading with high chloride and organics followed by BB air mass which was relatively more contaminated than AS with a higher organic fraction and nitrate. The primary sources were identified as biomass-burning, thermal power plant emissions, industrial and vehicular emissions. The average hygroscopicty parameter (κ), calculated by the mixing rule was ~ 0.3 (varying between 0.13 and 0.77) for all the air masses (0.32 ± 0.06 for AS, 0.31 ± 0.06 for BB and 0.32 ± 0.10 for SA). The diurnal variations of κ were impacted by the chemical properties and thus source activities. The total, Aitken, and Accumulation mode number concentrations were higher for SA, followed by BB and AS. The mean values of estimated CCN number concentration (NCCN, 3669–28 926 cm−3) and the activated fraction (af, 0.19–0.87) for supersaturations varying from 0.1–0.8 % also showed the same trend (SA > BB > AS). The size turned out to be more important than chemical composition directly, and the NCCN was governed by either the Aitken or Accumulation modes depending upon the supersaturation (SS) and critical diameter (Dc). The af was governed mainly by the Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD), and such a high af (0.71 ± 0.14 for the most dominant sub-branch of SA air mass (R1) at 0.4 % SS) has not been seen anywhere in the world. The high af was a consequence of very low Dc (25–130 nm for SS ranging from 0.1 %–0.8 %) observed for Delhi. Indirectly, the chemical properties also impacted CCN and af by impacting the diurnal patterns of Aitken and accumulation modes, κ and Dc. The high hygroscopic nature of aerosols, high NCCN and high af can severely impact the precipitation patterns of the Indian Monsoon in Delhi, the radiation budget and the indirect effect and need to be investigated to quantify the impacts.
Cloudy sky contributions to the direct aerosol effect
Authors: Myhre Gunnar , Samset Bjørn H. , Mohr Christian W. , Alterskjær Kari , Balkanski Yves , Bellouin Nicolas , Chin Mian , Haywood James , Hodnebrog Øivind , Kinne Stefan , Lin Guangxing , Lund Marianne T. , Penner Joyce E. , Schulz Michael , Schutgens Nick , Skeie Ragnhild B. , Stier Philip , Takemura Toshihiko , Zhang Kai
Published: December 2019

Abstract. The radiative forcing of the aerosol-radiation interaction can be decomposed into clear sky and cloudy sky portions. Two sets of multi-model simulations within AeroCom, combined with observational methods, and the time evolution of aerosol emissions over the industrial era show that the contribution from cloudy sky regions is likely weak. A mean of the simulations considered is 0.01 ± 0.1 W m−2. Multivariate data analysis of results from AeroCom Phase II shows that many factors influence the strength of the cloudy sky contribution to the forcing of the aerosol-radiation interaction. Overall, single scattering albedo of anthropogenic aerosols and the interaction of aerosols with the shortwave cloud radiative effects are found to be important factors. A more dedicated focus on the contribution from the cloud free and cloud covered sky fraction respectively to the aerosol-radiation interaction will benefit the quantification of the radiative forcing and its uncertainty range.
Resolving the size of ice-nucleating particles with a balloon deployable aerosol sampler: the SHARK
Authors: Porter Grace C. E. , Sikora Sebastien N. F. , Adams Michael P. , Proske Ulrike , Harrison Alexander D. , Tarn Mark D. , Brooks Ian M. , Murray Benjamin J.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs) affect cloud development, lifetime and radiative properties, hence it is important to know the abundance of INPs throughout the atmosphere. A critical factor in determining the lifetime and transport of INPs is their size, however very little size-resolved atmospheric INP concentration information exists. This is especially so in the free troposphere. Here we present the development and application of a radio-controlled payload capable of collecting size-resolved aerosol from a tethered balloon for the primary purpose of offline INP analysis. This payload, known as the SHARK (Selective Height Aerosol Research Kit), consists of two complementary cascade impactors for aerosol size-segregation from 0.25 to 10 µm, with an after-filter and top stage to collect particles below and above this range at flow rates up to 100 L min-1. The SHARK also contains an optical particle counter to quantify aerosol size distribution between 0.38 and 10 µm, and a radiosonde for the measurement of temperature, pressure, GPS altitude, and relative humidity. This is all housed within a weatherproof box, can be run from batteries for up to 11 h and has a total weight of 9 kg. The radio control and live data link with the radiosonde allow the user to start and stop sampling depending on meteorological conditions and height, which can, for example, allow the user to avoid sampling in very humid or cloudy air, even when the SHARK is out of sight. While the collected aerosol could, in principle, be studied with an array of analytical techniques, this study demonstrates that the collected aerosol can be analysed with an off-line droplet freezing instrument to determine size-resolved INP concentrations, activated fractions and active site densities, producing similar results to those obtained using a standard PM10 aerosol sampler when summed over the appropriate size range. Test data is presented from four contrasting locations having very different size resolved INP spectra: Hyytiälä (Southern Finland), Leeds (Northern England), Longyearbyen (Svalbard), and Cardington (Southern England).
Simultaneous Ground-based and In Situ Swarm Observations of Equatorial F-region Irregularities over Jicamarca
Authors: Aol Sharon , Buchert Stephan , Jurua Edward , Milla Marco
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Ionospheric irregularities are a common phenomenon in the low latitude ionosphere. They can be seen in situ as depletions of plasma density, radar plasma plumes or ionogram spread F by ionosondes. In this paper, we compared simultaneous observations of plasma plumes by the Jicamarca unattended long term investigations of the ionosphere and atmosphere (JULIA) radar, ionogram spread F generated from ionosonde observations installed at the Jicamarca Radio Observatory (JRO), and irregularities observed in situ by Swarm, to determine whether Swarm in situ observations can be used as indicators of the presence of plasma plumes and spread-F on the ground. The study covered the years from 2014 to 2018 when all the data-sets were available. Overall, the results showed that Swarm's in situ density fluctuations on magnetic flux tubes passing over (or near) the JRO may be used as indicators of plasma plumes and spread-F over (or near) the observatory. For Swarm and the ground-based observations, a classification procedure was conducted based on the presence or absence of ionospheric irregularity structures. There was a strong consensus between ground-based observations of irregularity structures and Swarm's depth of disturbance of electron density for most passes. Cases, where irregularity structures were observed on the ground with no apparent variation in the in situ electron density or vice versa, suggest that irregularities may either be localized horizontally or restricted to particular height intervals. The results also showed that the Swarm and ground-based observations of ionospheric irregularities had similar local time statistical trends with the highest occurrence obtained between 20:00 and 22:00 LT. Also, similar seasonal patterns of occurrence of in situ and ground-based ionospheric irregularities were observed with the highest percentage occurrence in December Solstice and Equinoxes and low occurrence in June Solstice. The observed seasonal pattern was explained in terms of the pre-reversal enhancement (PRE) of the vertical plasma drift. Initial findings from this research indicate that fluctuations of in situ density observed meridionally along magnetic field lines passing through JRO can be used as an indication of the existence of well-developed plasma plumes.
Competition alters predicted forest carbon cycle responses to nitrogen availability and elevated CO2: simulations using an explicitly competitive, game-theoretic vegetation demographic model
Authors: Weng Ensheng , Dybzinski Ray , Farrior Caroline E. , Pacala Stephen W.
Published: December 2019

Abstract. Competition is a major driver of carbon allocation to different
plant tissues (e.g., wood, leaves, fine roots), and allocation, in turn,
shapes vegetation structure. To improve their modeling of the terrestrial
carbon cycle, many Earth system models now incorporate vegetation
demographic models (VDMs) that explicitly simulate the processes of
individual-based competition for light and soil resources. Here, in order to
understand how these competition processes affect predictions of the
terrestrial carbon cycle, we simulate forest responses to elevated
atmospheric CO2 concentration [CO2] along a nitrogen availability
gradient, using a VDM that allows us to compare fixed allocation strategies
vs. competitively optimal allocation strategies. Our results show that
competitive and fixed strategies predict opposite fractional allocation to
fine roots and wood, though they predict similar changes in total net primary production (NPP) along
the nitrogen gradient. The competitively optimal allocation strategy
predicts decreasing fine root and increasing wood allocation with increasing
nitrogen, whereas the fixed strategy predicts the opposite. Although
simulated plant biomass at equilibrium increases with nitrogen due to
increases in photosynthesis for both allocation strategies, the increase in
biomass with nitrogen is much steeper for competitively optimal allocation
due to its increased allocation to wood. The qualitatively opposite
fractional allocation to fine roots and wood of the two strategies also
impacts the effects of elevated [CO2] on plant biomass. Whereas the
fixed allocation strategy predicts an increase in plant biomass under
elevated [CO2] that is approximately independent of nitrogen
availability, competition leads to higher plant biomass response to elevated
[CO2] with increasing nitrogen availability. Our results indicate that
the VDMs that explicitly include the effects of competition for light and
soil resources on allocation may generate significantly different
ecosystem-level predictions of carbon storage than those that use fixed
strategies.