bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apply the SERVQUAL Instrument to Measure Service Quality for the Adaptation of ICT Technologies: A Case Study of Nursing Homes in Taiwan
Authors: Ko Chao-Hua , Chou Chin-Mei
Published: April 2020

The adoption of information and communication technology by elderly care organizations is an inevitable trend. Most empirical studies on e-Health service quality have focused predominantly on the general population rather than on the elderly. Thus, the generalizations are rather problematic. In addition, in the planning stage, pre-implementation analysis is considered critical but seldom performed. In this research, an instrument to evaluate the e-Health service quality in nursing homes was developed based on the SERVQUAL model. Furthermore, a pre-implementation analysis combining the SERVQUAL questionnaire and importance performance analysis was performed. Dissatisfactory factors were identified as follows. Regarding the physical environment quality, the residents expressed that the nursing homes did not provide well-maintained rooms and that the temperature in the rooms was unsuitable. Regarding the outcome quality, the elderly residents replied that the medical treatments and doctor visits were not well scheduled. Regarding the interaction quality, the residents indicated that the staff did not solve their problems sincerely or clearly understand their needs. Health care informatics (HCI) such as an electronic shift system (ESS) and electronic health records (EHR) are proposed to eliminate these problems. Given current resource limitations, our instrument and methodology proposed in this research could be extremely meaningful in practical application.
Game Edukasi Bahasa Arab Untuk Siswa Sekolah Dasar Kelas IV
Authors: Al Irsyadi Fatah Yasin , Priambadha Aziz Prasuci , Kurniawan Yogiek Indra
Published: April 2020

Bahasa Arab merupakan bahasa yang penting bagi umat islam. Saat ini, hanyasebagian Sekolah Dasar yang mengampu mata pelajaran Bahasa Arab. Faktor utama dalam proses pembelajaran anak Sekolah Dasar adalah kesulitan siswa untuk fokus dalam pembelajaran. Sehingga guru harus melakukan penyampaian materi pembelajaran secara berulang-ulang. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan merancang game edukasi yang memanfaatkan mobile android agar pembelajaran lebih efektif dan siswa lebih fokus terhadap materi pelajaran yang disampaikan. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Sekolah Dasar Islam Terpadu (SDIT) Nahdlatul Ulama Cepogo dengan mengacu pada kurikulum buku pegangan kelas 4. Dengan metode wawancara terhadap guru yang bersangkutan dan penelitian saat proses pembelajaran, dapat diidentifikasikan masalah-masalah saat pembelajaran berlangsung, dan didapatkan solusi untuk masalah yang ada. Game edukasi ini dibuat menggunakan software construct 2, serta pembuatan tombol-tombol dengan adobe photoshop cs5. Isi dari aplikasi ini menampilkan materi maharah istima’ dan maharah kitabah. Dengan tampilan yang menarik, aplikasi ini membantu guru dalam proses pembelajaran, serta wali murid dalam proses belajar siswa dirumah. Sebelum pengujian, dilakukan demo game agar siswa mengerti cara penggunaan aplikasi dan kemudian siswa mencoba aplikasi secara bergantian. Dari hasil pengujian dan kuesioner, didapatkan persentase 83% dari 24 responden yang menyatakan game ini mampu digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran yang menarik.
Fronthaul Design In Cloud Radio Access Networks: A Survey
Authors: Vinnakota Venu Balaji , Panda Kirtan Gopal , Sen Debarati , Chakraborty Sandip
Published: April 2020

Cloud Radio Access Networks (C-RAN) was proposed as a solution to overcome the challenges faced by the current Radio Access Networks (RAN). C-RAN was introduced as a change in the architecture of the Base station (BS). Fronthaul is a communication link between the BS entities of the proposed architecture. The change in BSs architecture places some technical challenges to utilize the benefits offered by C-RAN. Fronthaul capacity limitation and delay are the major bottlenecks of the C-RAN practical implementation. To prevail over these limitations, various C-RAN models in terms of functional splits are proposed. But none of the architectures is finalized among the industry and academia. In this paper, exhaustive literature is presented on the advantages offered by C-RAN architecture. To make full utilization of those advantages, different C-RAN architectures and fronthaul architectures were proposed. Fronthaul compression is crucial for bringing sustainability to C-RAN architecture. As part of the study, different compression techniques are discussed in this literature. Besides the theoretical study, various practical implementation of C-RAN testbeds is examined.
Küreselleşme Sağlığımız İçin Yararlı mı Zararlı mı?
Authors: HAYRAN Osman
Published: April 2020

Sermayenin, malların, hizmetlerin, teknolojinin ve bir ölçüde de işgücünün sınırlar ötesi dolaşımının artması ile ekonomik faaliyetlerde gözlenen bütünleşme anlamına gelen ve neoliberal ekonomik politikalarla özdeşleşen küreselleşmenin toplumların sağlığı üzerinde olumlu ve olumsuz çeşitli etkileri olmuştur. Olumlu etkiler olarak yeni bilgi ve teknolojilere erişimin kolaylaşmış olması, salgın hastalıklara karşı alınacak önlemlerin küresel düzeyde ve hızlı olması, tele-tıp, tele-cerrahi, medikal turizm gibi yeni sağlık hizmeti türlerinin ortaya çıkmış olması, sağlık hizmetlerinde kalitenin artması ön plana çıkmaktadır. Küreselleşme sürecinde doğumda yaşam beklentisi önemli şekilde artmıştır. Olumsuz etkiler olarak ise toplumlar arası eşitsizliklerin artması, Batılı yaşam biçimlerinden kaynaklanan kronik hastalıkların artmış olması, küresel ısınmaya bağlı iklim ve çevre sorunları, ilaç endüstrisinin verdiği zararlar, değişen ve yaygınlaşan küresel terör olayları dikkati çekmektedir. Ulusal sağlık politikalarının belirlenmesi ve yürütülmesi sürecinde küreselleşmenin yararları ve sakıncalarının iyi analiz edilmesi önem taşımaktadır.
Klinik Örneklerden İzole Edilen Streptococcus Agalactiae Suşlarinin Antibiyotik Duyarliliklari
Authors: AYHANCI Tuğba , DURNA Şeyda , AYDEMİR Özlem , KÖROĞLU Mehmet , ALTINDİŞ Mustafa
Published: April 2020

Giriş: Streptococcus agalactiae, insan normal vücut florası üyesi olmasına rağmen özellikle yenidoğanda ve bazı predispozan faktörlerin varlığında ciddi enfeksiyonlara sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, çeşitli klinik örneklerden izole edilen S. agalactiae izolatlarının antibiyotiklere duyarlılıklarının ve klinik özelliklerinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır.
Yöntem: 2017-2019 yılları arasında Sakarya Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi’ne gönderilen klinik örneklerden izole edilen 494 S. agalactiae izolatının antibiyotik duyarlılıkları retrospektif olarak incelenmiştir. İzole edilen tüm bakterilerin identifikasyonu konvansiyonel yöntemler ve kütle spektrofotometresi ile (VITEK-MS®, bioMérieux, Fransa) yapılmıştır. Antibiyotik duyarlılık testleri VITEK 2® (bioMérieux, Fransa) sistemi ile EUCAST önerilerine göre gerçekleştirilmiştir.
Bulgular: Hastaların demografik özellikleri incelendiğinde; 364’’ünün (% 73,6) kadın, 130’nun (% 26.3) erkek olduğu görülmüştür. Yaş ortalaması; kadın hastalarda 48,6 ±18,5, erkek hastalarda 60,4 ±17, bulunmuştur. İzolatların (n=494) örnek dağılımı; 349 (% 70) idrar, 95 (% 19,2) yara, 14 (% 2,8) vagen, 13 (% 2,6) kan, 10 (% 2) steril vücut sıvısı, 4 (% 0,8) trakeal aspirat, 2 (% 0,4) balgam, 2 (% 0,4) aspirasyon, 2 (% 0,4) üretral kültür örneği şeklindedir. Antibiyotik duyarlılıkları incelendiğinde tüm suşların penisilin, ampisilin, vankomisin, daptomisin, teikoplanin ve linezolide duyarlı olduğu; eritromisin, trimetoprim/sülfametoksazol tigesiklin ve tetrasiklin duyarlılıklarının ise sırasıyla; 334 (% 67,6), 442 (% 89,5), 482 (% 97,5), 154 (% 31,2) olduğu saptanmıştır. Çalışmaya alınan izolatların 47’sinde (% 9,5) indüklenebilir tipte MLSB fenotipi belirlenmiştir.
Sonuç: S. agalactiae suşları, en sık idrar örneklerinden ve kadın hastalardan izole edilmiştir. Bakterinin gebelerde ve immun supresif kişilerde ciddi enfeksiyonlara neden olduğu, penisiline alternatif olan klindamisin ve eritromisine karşı direncin giderek artış göstermesi göz ardı edilmemeli ve tedavi antibiyotik duyarlılık test sonuçlarına göre yönlendirilmelidir.
Shale gas investigations in Denmark: Lower Palaeozoic shales on Bornholm
Authors: Hemmingsen Schovsbo Niels , Thorshøj Nielsen Arne , Klitten Kurt , Mathiesen Anders , Rasmussen Per
Published: April 2020

The Cambrian to Lower Silurian succession in Denmark is mostly composed of organic-rich black shales that were deposited in an epicontinental sea during a period of high global sea level (Haq & Schutter 2008). The mid-Cambrian to early Ordovician Alum Shale was intensively studied in the 1980s for its source-rock properties (e.g. Buchardt et al. 1986). Recent attention has focused on its potential as an unconventional shale gas source (Energistyrelsen 2010). On southern Bornholm, many wells have been drilled through the Lower Palaeozoic succession because of its importance for groundwater exploitation. In western Denmark, only the deep exploration wells Slagelse-1 and Terne-1 have penetrated the Alum Shale, and knowledge of the unit west of Bornholm is thus very limited (Fig. 1).
Geological characterisation of potential disposal areas for radioactive waste from Risø, Denmark
Authors: Gravesen Peter , Binderup Merete , Nilsson Bertel , Schack Pedersen Stig A.
Published: April 2020

Low- and intermediate-level radioactive waste from the Danish nuclear research facility, Risø, includes construction materials from the reactors, different types of contaminated material from the research projects and radioactive waste from hospitals, industry and research institutes. This material must be stored in a permanent disposal site in Denmark for at least 300 years (Indenrigs- og Sundhedsministeriet 2007). The Ministry of Health and Prevention presented the background and a decision plan for the Danish Parliament in January 2009 (Ministry of Health and Prevention 2009) and all political parties agreed to the plan. In the beginning of 2011 three studies were presented to the parliament (http://www.im.dk/Aktuelt/Nyheder/ Forebyggelse/2011/Maj/Slutdepot.aspx): (1) A pre-feasibility study for the final disposal of radioactive waste, (2) a study on radiation doses from the transport of radioactive waste to a future repository and (3) a study on identifying potential disposal areas. The latter study was conducted by the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) and the aim was to locate a sediment or rock body with low permeability down to 100–300 m below the ground surface. The ultimate goal is long-term protection of people and environment by isolating the radioactive waste in a final depository. This goal can be reached by identifying a significant volume of sediments or rocks characterised by a low flow regime and high absorption potential. GEUS was given the task to locate approximately 20 potential disposal areas.
Free, online Danish shallow geological data
Authors: Hansen Martin , Pjetursson Bjarni
Published: April 2020

Geological data at the Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS) have been available on the internet for more than 10 years. The first step in making geological data available online was the launch of web access to data from water supply wells (Tulstrup 2004). The database is called Jupiter, and currently data from more than 260 000 shallow wells are available to the public. Figure 1 shows an example of a map from the Jupiter database available in a web-browser. The first web access was via a text-based search form which supplied data lists and graphical well reports. In recent years, the interface has been extended with more data, map interfaces and extra functionality. This paper describes this development and illustrates the increasing value of the digital data at GEUS.
PLANT FOR MECHANICAL PROCESSING OF THIN-WALL AXISYMMETRIC PARTS
Authors: Bobrovsky A. , Drachev O. , Amirdzhanova I.
Published: April 2020

The article describes the technology of machining thin-walled axisymmetric parts. The design of the installation with an adjustable internal self-centering rest is given.
AUTOMATED EMERGENCY SHUTDOWN SYSTEM OF A GAS PUMPING UNIT
Authors: Repnikov A. , Kukhtik M. , Serdobintsev Yu.
Published: April 2020

Automated emergency stop system for gas pumping unit has been developed and tested. Block diagram of stop system has been charted and control program has been written. HMI-interface of operator control panel has been developed.
MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF AUTOMATED BOILER DRYERS
Authors: Rusakova G. , Lebed’ N. , Tronev S. , Parakhnevich E.
Published: April 2020

The work presents a structural scheme and the principle of operation of an automated fluidized bed dryer. Studies of the proposed dryer were carried out by the method of planning the experiment, which allows to determine the optimal values of the parameters that affect the quality of the finished dried product (mustard cake) - residual moisture content,%. To study the optimum region, the Rechtschafner plan was implemented for a 3-factor experiment. Based on the regression equations and two-dimensional cross-sections of the response surfaces, the optimal values of the structural-operational parameters of an automated fluidized-bed dryer are determined.
Impact of The HEROES Project on First Responders’ Well-Being
Authors: Blumberg Daniel M. , Giromini Luciano , Papazoglou Konstantinos , Thornton A. Renee
Published: April 2020

First responders experience a myriad of stressors (e.g., operational, organizational, personal) over the course of their career. An abundance of empirical evidence shows that the impact of those stressors on first responders’ health, well-being, and performance can be detrimental. Nevertheless, previous research has mainly focused on the role of a specific technique (e.g., mindfulness, breathing exercises, psychoeducation) towards the promotion of well-being among first responders. This allows us to explore the role of a single technique in supporting first responders. However, given the complexity of stressors experienced by this population, it appears that a synergistic role of multileveled intervention is imperative to promote lasting improvement in first responders’ well-being. To this end, The HEROES Project, an eight-week online training program, was developed to address the aforementioned gap in the literature. The HEROES Project incorporates lessons that aim to build a cluster of skills that together promote first responders’ wellbeing. In the present study, a sample of first responders (n = 124) from the US Midwest were recruited and completed The HEROES Project. They were assessed before and after completion of the program, and then follow-up measurements were obtained for two years following the baseline assessment. Results showed that participants with higher distress and lower psychological resources before the training benefited most from The HEROES Project, but that the training significantly improved psychological capital and reduced stress, depression, anxiety, and trauma symptoms for all participants. Clinical and training implications as well as future research directions are discussed.
A look in the back yard: Mitigating home-grown extremism in Canada
Authors: Young Dean R.
Published: April 2020

Canada has the capability to provide a significant security blanket with which to protect Canadian citizens from the effects of terrorism. I will discuss the scholarly work in the area of extremism and associated ideologies. Contemporary issues of environmentalism, race and gender, and government legitimacy will be examined with respect to how theycontribute to growing extremist segments of Canadian society. Findings support the argument that, as society grows in its liberal approaches, extreme ideologies from those on the fringes may begin to grow in order to counter the influence of opposing views and social policy. This article closes with a discussion of how the growth of extremism may be mitigated through attention to history and societal development, asserting control over the Internet, strengthening the criminaljustice system, and education.
Police Leadership During a Pandemic
Authors: Torigian Matt
Published: April 2020

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Middle Test Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan IPS
Authors: Nurhalisa
Published: April 2020

Untuk memenuhi persyaratan mengikuti Ujian Tengah Semester Ilmu Sejarah dan Pendidikan IPS
Middle Test Strategi Pembelajaran Sejarah Lembar Kerja Document Base Test Nurul Azizah NIM.1810111120002
Authors: Azizah Nurul
Published: April 2020

Lembar Kerja Document Base Test dalam rangka memenuhi middle Test Mata kuliah Strategi Pembelajaran Sejarah dengan dosen pengampu Heri Susanto, M.Pd., Melisa Prawitasari, M.Pd., Sriwati, M.Pd. atas nama Nurul Azizah NIM. 1810111120002
Patterns of Changes in Average Annual Water Temperatures of the Rivers of the Arctic Zone of Russia Associated with Climate Changes
Authors:   A.N. Vasilenko, D.V. Magritskiy, N.L. Frolova
Published: April 2020

The paper considers changes in temperature regime of rivers flowing northerner than 60th latitude. The investigation bases on data about average monthly water temperatures from 90 hydrological gages for the period 1960-2012. Annual water temperatures for this period were calculated according to the generally accepted method as average monthly temperature from May to September and according to the proposed in this paper calculation method for the entire period with positive water temperatures. It is shown that the calculation of annual water temperatures only from the average monthly temperatures from May to October, underestimates annual water temperature. The paper estimates changes in the average annual water temperatures calculated by both methods over the period 1991–2012 compared to 1961-1990 These periods cover intensive climate change, as well as the time after the construction of the largest hydroelectric power stations. Statistical analyzes of the obtained series for trends (according to the Spearman rank correlation test) and series uniformity disturbances (Mann-Whitney U-test) were carried out. A significant increase in the average annual water temperatures in rivers on most rivers of the Russian Arctic is shown. The greatest changes are observed in the territories of Yakutia. Significant changes are also noted on the Kola Peninsula. At the same time, the magnitude of the changes depends on various hydrological characteristics of the basin. Significant changes to date have occurred in less than 50% of the investigated rivers.
Mean Annual Runoff of the Rivers of the Crimean Peninsula Southwest
Authors:   E.M. Bogutskaya, A.G. Kositskiy, D.N. Aybulatov, M.G. Grechushnikova
Published: April 2020

The authors have studies the regularities of the mean annual runoff of the rivers at the Crimean Mountains Northwestern slopes on the basis of the hydrological stations’ data. For all station, including the closed ones, that data were unified against a single many-year uniform period for which we calculated mean annual water flows and runoff modules. It has been stated that mean annual runoff modules, in contrast with the most of small rivers of Russia are decreasing with the increase of catchment areas and the river hydrographic length, and this is associated with the evaporation effects. In addition, we have found diminishing dependence of mean many-year runoff modules on remoteness from the sea and increasing dependence on the catchment average height.We have stated that it were these above factors that decisively effect on the Kacha, Belbek, and Chernaya rivers runoff formation, particularly in the downstream were the watercourses face anthropogenic impact. These rivers have catchment areas exceeding 250 km2. The anthropogenic factors impact upon formation of the mean annual runoff is not so significant in comparison with that for rivers with lesser catchment areas. However, any hydrological station data supporting this fact are not available.
Comprehensive Assessment of Soil Infiltration Properties and Hydro/meteorological Regime of the Mayma River Basin (Gorniy Altay)
Authors:   V.V. Zuev, N.E. Zueva, V.A. Uymanova, S.A. Kurakov
Published: April 2020

Increasing anthropogenic pressure against the backdrop of ongoing climate changes made small rivers one of the most vulnerable and, as recent events show, unpredictable elements of the water/economy complex. To reduce the risk of floods damage, it is necessary to improve the methods of long-term forecasting, real-time forecasting (“nowcasting”) that requires obtaining detailed hydro/meteorological information about the river basin, taking into account the actual weather forecast. Obviously, against the background of the general patterns of river runoff formation for a particular region, the individual characteristics of the flow formation of each river in certain weather conditions should be taken into account. Predictively estimated maximums of possible rain floods and the flooding potential risks of residential areas of Gorniy Altay have shown that the area of the highest flood hazard is the district “Mayminsky”, which territory includes the catchment basin of the Mayma River. The autonomous monitoring system “Mayma” is distributed at several points on the river, starting from its source. It can provide the continuous real-time remote monitoring of the hydrological situation with any given measurement frequency at any point of the catch basin. This significantly increases the accuracy of data and enables predicting the development of the hydrological situation, including the flood periods. Thus, the hydrological information obtained with the Mayma autonomous complex, provided that the water level sensors have proper altitude alignment, can be used to predict the level regime and to provide operational data to the executive authorities, population and the Ministry of Emergencies.
Jihad, Holy War, and Terrorism
Authors: Barlas Asma
Published: April 2020

In the wake of 9/11, the Islamic concept of jihad has been described as both “holy war” and “terrorism.” In this paper, I unpack this twofold conflation within the context of a broader discussion of the problem of some Muslims’ interpretive extremism and the West’s long-standing and willful politics of misrecognition of Islam.2 This politics confuses Islam with Muslims; disregards the role of political, economic, cultural, and historical factors in shaping Muslims’ attitudes, actions, and readings of Islam; and denies western complicity in creating conducive conditions for extremism. In critiquing both Muslims and non-Muslims, the idea is to alert them to what may equally be at stake for them in the egalitarian readings of Islam.
Medieval Islamic Discourse on Legitimate Leadership and Its Modern Implications
Authors: Afsaruddin Asma
Published: April 2020

Although the Qur’an does not mandate a specific form of government, it provides broad moral directives for sound political governance. The Qur’an further refers to two specific traits in the legitimate leaders of the Muslim (and any other righteous) polity: precedence and moral excellence, two concepts which were understood to have considerable socio-political implications as well. In the secondary, extra-Qur’anic literature, there is extensive commentary on these two traits and their significance for defining legitimate leadership. This article traces the broad contours of this extended discussion and refers to its continuing relevance in our own times. It further indicates points of similarity between this discursive treatment of leadership and some aspects of the modern electoral system.
Some Reflections on the Institutions of Muslim Spain
Authors: Marín-Guzmán Roberto
Published: April 2020

This essay analyzes the major political, military, and administrative institutions of al-Andalus (Muslim Spain) and explains how they gave a sense of unity to the Abode of Islam (dar al-Islam) by replicating the same institutions used in the East (al- Mashriq). The military institutions (e.g., jund, thughur, and husun) helped to keep Muslim Spain safe from enemy attacks, both Christian and Muslim, and to suppress all revolts, while the political institutions enabled the authorities to keep al-Andalus unified, levy taxes, administer the cities (sahib al-madinah), supervise the markets (sahib al-suq), and, finally, to administer the region’s provinces (kuwar).
After 9/11
Authors: Abbas Tahir
Published: April 2020

In light of the events of 9/11 and the subsequent actions and reactions on the part of nation-states in the West and “terrorists” in the East, this paper discusses the concepts of Islamophobia (political and media-manufactured) and multiculturalism in the British context. Rising Islamophobia, state actions, and media reactions to 9/11 have led to changing definitions of the “good multicultural society.” British Muslims are caught in a quagmire: Their loyalties are questioned by a society and polity that is still in the processes of establishing its “Englishness” from its “Britishness,” while growing Islamic political radicalism undermines the already precarious relations between British Muslims and the state.
Muslims and the Media after 9/11
Authors: Yenigun Halil Ibrahim
Published: April 2020

This paper seeks to answer two questions: Has there been a shift in the representation of Muslims by the American media in the wake of increasing number of Muslims living here, and could Muslims speak for themselves through an autonomous Muslim discourse in the post-9/11 period? Using the tools of postcolonial analysis, I analyze the coverage on Muslims in the mainstream media following the 9/11 attacks. I find that there was a shift, in the form of a differentiation between moderates and fundamentalists. Additionally, the same tropes used to represent Muslims in the colonial discourse were now employed to the fundamentalist “Other.” Muslims could speak up; however, this could not avoid reproducing the dominant discourse. Yet, the presence of a significant Muslim minority offers opportunities for broadened boundaries of “American” citizenry that can be realized by growing activism to this end.
Anti-Islamophobia Education as Transformative Pedadogy
Authors: Zine Jasmin
Published: April 2020

The aftermath of 9/11 and the corresponding rise of global militarism and imperialism have had deep consequences for the realities of Muslims around the world. The reemergence of Orientalist representations have provided the ideological justifications for military incursions. This short reflective article outlines the challenge that critical educators faced in developing an epistemological and pedagogical framework and resources for anti-Islamophobia education in response to the resurgence of neo-Orientalist politics and representations.
The Predicament of Thailand’s Southern Muslims
Authors: Kersten Carool
Published: April 2020

Recent events in Southeast Asia have revived interest in the role of political Islam in the region. This article examines the position of Muslims in Thailand’s four southern border provinces. It addresses the historical background of the area’s relationship with forms of centralized government by Thai political centers, the relevant elements of ethnicity and their significance for cultural (religious) self-identification, and how this may be translated in the political use of Islam. In a wider context, the study can be considered as illustrative of the problematic relationship between centers and peripheries, particularly those on the frontiers of culture zones.
“American Jihad”
Authors: Bilici Mucahit
Published: April 2020

This paper looks at competing uses of the concept of jihad in American society in the aftermath of 9/11. It examines three alternative meanings given to “American Jihad.” Three of the instances all have “American Jihad” as their title: a book by Steven Emerson, a commencement speech by a Harvard student, and an episode of NBC TV series “Law & Order.” All three cases are acts of politics and moments of regulation of the entry of the concept of jihad into cultural circulation.
Paths toward an Arab Knowledge Society
Authors: Weiss Dieter
Published: April 2020

The Arabic Science and Technology Gap and Its Economic Consequences in the International Development Race
Seyyed Hossein Nasr and the Study of Religion in Contemporary Society
Authors: Jawad Haifaa
Published: April 2020

Seyyed Houssein Nasr is one of the main proponents of the traditional religious perspective, including the traditional Islamic point of view. His work is notable for many reasons, among them the following: its in-depth analysis of contemporary society’s spiritual poverty; its profound treatment of Islamic matters, 1 particularly in the context of the debate between Islamic modernism vs. Islamic traditionalism; its solid understanding of western philosophical thought and culture; its ability to present a compelling, critical appraisal of the modern predicament, boldly stating that which is perceived to be the truth, irrespective of whether or not it is fashionable or palatable as regards current opinion; and, lastly, its view of religion’s role in contemporary society. Having said that, however, given that Nasr’s work has a “metaphysical” nature, his writings, with few exceptions, are said to be demanding in terms of language, style, and expression, as well as of knowledge of other religions and philosophies, that they assume on the part of the ordinary reader.
The Orientalization of Gender
Authors: Hasan Md. Mahmudul
Published: April 2020

Said’s critique of Orientalism provokes a comprehensive review by post-colonial theorists of the bulk of western knowledge regarding non-western countries. This Orientalist literature buttresses the colonial notion of a civilizing mission, which is also supported by many western feminists who provide theoretical grounds to such colonialist perceptions. Such post-colonial feminists as Gayatri Spivak, Chandra Mohanty, and Rajeswari Rajan analyze western feminism’s ideological complicity with Orientalist and imperialist ventures.
Islamic Responses to Modernity
Authors: Kaler Helena
Published: April 2020

By examining the ideas of modernity and their manifestations in the ideas of Ayman al-Zawahiri and Farid Esack, this essay argues that both thinkers are deeply affected by the West’s Enlightenment ideas and differ mostly in their applications. The first part examines the idea of modernity itself, tracing its forms in the thought of Marx, Nietzsche, Weber, Schmitt, Adorno, and Horkheimer, among others. The second part traces the relationship of al-Zawahiri and Esack to the ideas of modernity, defined here as subjectivity, political agency, social fragmentation, and the rise of the nation-state. In contrast to the assertion made by some that Islamist thinkers were only affected by technological, rather than ideological, modernity, it seems that both al-Zawahiri and Esack are, ideologically, children of their time.
Populism and Secularism in Turkey
Authors: Tatari Eren
Published: April 2020

This article analyzes the impact of two key components of Kemalist ideology, populism and secularism, on the policymaking process of modern Turkey by utilizing historical institutionalism and the political-cultural approach. The Headscarf Ban Policy, which has been implemented discretionarily since 1981 and intensively since 1997, provides an illustrative case study of the broader debates over freedom of religion, secularism, and democracy, and helps to uncover the influence of populism and secularism, as well as the interaction between these two principles. The analysis reveals the principle of populism, which has been much overlooked in the literature, as a key determinant of state-centric reforms as well as a method of legitimizing the undemocratic version of secularism advocated by the state.
The Cham Muslims of Cambodia
Authors: Bruckmayr Philipp
Published: April 2020

The Cham Muslims of Cambodia are descendents of Champa, a once-powerful Hindu-Buddhist kingdom located in modern-day central and southern Vietnam. Champa existed from the second century CE until its complete annexation by its long-time rival, the Dai Viet, in 1832.1 Its gradual loss of territory caused several waves of immigration to Cambodia between the crucial dates of 1471 and 1835 (the start of violent repression against the Cham in their last, and finally also annexed, principality: Panduranga).2 It seems that the first wave allied itself with Cambodia’s Malay community, with whom the Cham share ethno-linguistic (as both groups are speakers of Austronesian languages) and cultural (e.g., matrilinear customs) heritage, as well as their status as foreign immigrants. Through this contact, they were Islamized. This article presents an overview of the religious and political development of Cambodia’s Cham Muslims, most of whom are Sunnis, from the days of French colonialism up to the present, and shows how this formerly neglected minority became a showcase of Islamic internationalism. Contact persons or interviewees were recommended to me by Dr. Sos Mousine (CMDF, CAMSA, and the Ministry of Agriculture), Set Muhammadsis (CAMSA, CMDF) or Dato Hajji Alwi Muhammad (MAI Terengganu), or were sought out by myself. As I was mainly interested in religious change and the rebuilding of religious infrastructure, I visited many mosques and schools for interviews, which were conducted in English, Arabic, or with a Khmer or Cham translator.
Making Sense of Natural Disasters
Authors: Solihu Abdul Kabir Hussain
Published: April 2020

Islam states that both natural phenomena and humanity are created in the best conceivable pattern. Yet the physical world experiences occasional disasters that threaten sustainable development. This study seeks to provide a framework for understanding this phenomenon within the Islamic ethico-religious perspective by focusing on such natural disasters as earthquakes, cyclones, subsidence, and floods. In an attempt to demonstrate this, I highlight the Qur’anic perspective of how natural resources have been overwhelmingly a source of boon and occasionally a source of bane. Drawing on that perspective, I provide two accounts for a proper understanding of this phenomenon: a macroscopic perspective that dissociates disastrous effects from natural disturbances, and another perspective that, based on moral law, attributes disasters to humanity’s violation of the divine moral law. That is, natural disasters are not disastrous to all creations unless they befall vulnerable communities, and when they are disastrous they are not natural but human-induced. Both perspectives suggest the imperative of the ecosystem and the divine moral law in the course of social and natural development.
More Than the Ummah
Authors: Berggren D. Jason
Published: April 2020

Many scholars argue that Muslims are more likely to identify themselves in religious terms than as members of particular national political communities. As such, since they are more likely to claim a transnational, religious identity, they should consistently show weaker claims of national, regional, and municipal identity; be less willing to fight for their country; and show lower levels of national pride, regardless of country, region, and majority or minority status. Using data from the 1995-1997 World Values Survey from ten countries, which were supplemented by data from Zogby International and the Pew Research Center, I found that while Muslims tend to be very religious, they do not embrace transnationalism or lack strong national feelings to an exceptional degree when compared with non-Muslims. In fact, many are proud of their country and willing to fight for it.
Studying Islam Abroad
Authors: Blomfield Bridget
Published: April 2020

Acquire knowledge, because he who acquires it in the way of the Lord performs an act of piety; who speaks of it, praises the Lord; who seeks it, adores God; who dispenses instruction in it, bestows alms; and who imparts it to its fitting objects performs an act of devotion to God. Knowledge enables its possessor to distinguish what is forbidden from what is not; it lights the way to Heaven; it is our friend in the desert, our society in solitude, our companion when bereft of friends; it guides us to happiness; it sustains us in misery; it is our ornament in the company of friends; it serves as an amour against our enemies. With knowledge, the obedient servant of God rises to the heights of goodness and to a noble position, associates with sovereigns in this world, and attains to the perfection of happiness in the next.
The Origins and Evaluations of Hadith Transmitters in Shi`i Biographical Literature
Authors: Takim Liyakat
Published: April 2020

In this paper, I examine the provenance of the Shi`i biographical lexica on the imams’ disciples (the rijal) and propose possible reasons for the composition of these works in the eighth and ninth centuries. I then consider the authentications (tawthiqat) of those who report traditions from the imams and compare and contrast the methods of authentication in both the early and later biographical works. I also suggest possible reasons for the development of subsequent modes of authentication.
A Zakat Accounting Standard (ZAS) for Malaysian Companies
Authors: Abu Bakar Nur Barizah
Published: April 2020

This paper focuses on the need to harmonize the practice of zakat on companies throughout Malaysia by implementing a zakat accounting standard (ZAS). The objectives of this paper are fourfold: (1) to highlight the current practice of zakat on companies in Malaysia; (2) discuss the usefulness of AAOIFI FAS 9, MASB FRS i-1, and MASB TR i-1 as guidelines for developing a ZAS; (3) suggest a collaboration by various parties designed to pool initiatives, knowledge, and skills to develop a useful and favorable ZAS; and (4) to demonstrate that without proper education and a strong political will, there is a little hope of making any ZAS a reality.
Bada and Its Role in the Debates over Shi `i Doctrine
Authors: Hakyemez Cemil
Published: April 2020

This article examines the sense and significance of bada. I investigate when and who devised this concept, discuss its use as a proof in debates among the Shi`ahs concerning the Imamate after going through several transformations, and analyze the Shi`i theologians’ efforts to interpret it in line with the doctrine of naskh (abrogation) in order to demonstrate that bada is not one of the bases upon which Shi`i belief is grounded.
Intertext and Allusion in the Qur’anic Presentation of Noah’s Story
Authors: Abdullah Abdul-Samad
Published: April 2020

This study explores the Qur’anic presentation of the story of Noah and his people. In particular, it examines the purposes behind the variations and similarities found in the s´rahs that mention it and focuses on three fundamental aspects: linguistic or stylistic variations, religious or moral purposes that determine a particular linguistic or stylistic register and contextualize the story within a particular s´rah, and the extent to which the style serves that s´rah’s objectives. Moreover, while this story has very clear and consistent themes, each s´rah’s concern and context to some extent shapes its rendering therein. Hence, I propose that the repetition of this story is a response to a particular context or conforms to the particular aims and objectives of the s´rah in which it appears. This repetition or intertext and allusion therefore become desirable, if not necessary, for both religious and stylistic requirements.
Developing Management from Islamic Perspectives (MIP) as a Formal Academic Discipline
Authors: Toor Shamas-Ur-Rehman
Published: April 2020

Management from Islamic Perspectives (MIP) is an emerging field that has begun to attract scholarly attention. However, the research undertaken so far has been rather fragmented and lack a clear agenda. This paper presents a literature review of the field and the areas of current focus. Although the field has a huge growth potential, I argue that it faces several challenges and problems as it develops further. I outline these potential pitfalls, suggest how to develop MIP as a formal discipline, and explain how to integrate it within real-life business practices. The article closes with a call for research to be conducted in a more organized fashion through an international consortium of researchers as well as recommendations for future research directions.
Critical Thinking and Its Implications for Contemporary Ijtihad
Authors: Shah Sayed Sikandar , Mahmud Mek Wok
Published: April 2020

As an intellectual process, critical thinking plays a dynamic role in reconstructing human thought. In Islamic legal thought, this intellectual tool was pivotal in building a full-fledged jurisprudential system during the golden age of Islamic civilization. With the solidification of the science of Islamic legal theory and the entrenchment of classical Islamic jurisprudence, this process abated somewhat. Recent Islamic revival movements have engendered a great zeal for reinstituting this process. The current state of affairs in constructing and reconstructing Islamic jurisprudence by and large do not, however, reflect the dynamic feature of intellectual thought in this particular discipline. Thus this article attempts to briefly delineate this concept, unveil the reality on the ground, and identify some hands-on strategies for applying critical thinking in contemporary ijtihad.
Modernity and Muslims
Authors: Adeel M. Ashraf
Published: April 2020

This article is focused on some conditions in today’s world of globalized media, which are producing either an uncritical acquiescence or fright in Muslim societies as a result of the interaction between these societies and the contemporary Western powers that represent modernity and postmodernity on the global stage. The rise of fundamentalism, a tendency toward returning to the roots and stringently insisting upon some pure and literal interpretation of them, in almost all the religions of the world is a manifestation of this fright. The central concern of this article is to suggest that fundamentalism is neither the only nor the most reasonable response for Muslim societies in the face of contemporary modernity. Muslims need to adopt an independent and critical attitude toward modernity and reshape their societies in the light of the ethics of the Qur’an, keeping in view the historical link between Islam and science in as much as Islamic culture paved the way for emergence of modern science during European Renaissance. The necessity of a pluralistic or contextualized modernization of Muslim societies is discussed along with the need for the removal of cultural duplicity in the role of the West in relation to Muslim societies. All this leads to an overall proposal for modernization which is given towards the end.
Al-Wasatiyyah as Understood and Defined by Islamic Scholars in Contemporary Singapore and Its Consistency with Ismail Al Faruqi’s Vision of Ummatan Wasatan
Authors: Hassan Kamal
Published: April 2020

This article delves into Professor al Faruqi’s understanding of the role of Islamic Ummah as being the ummatan wasatan ‒ “the median among the peoples of mankind” (Qur’an 2:143). For Professor al Faruqi, the concept of al-wasatiyyah (the middle way) explicates the concept of al-tawazun (Islamic balance and “golden means”). This mode of Islamic moderation as stressed by Professor al Faruqi is today in 2011 employed by the Singaporean Muslim community in its response to the government’s concern about Muslim radicalism in the republic. In this way, they do not stoop to the pressures of the country’s secular or religious authorities to compromise any of their religious convictions or beliefs, however much these were distasteful to the authorities.
Religions As a “Life Fact”
Authors: Zein Ibrahim Mohamed
Published: April 2020

This study addresses the teaching of religion at the International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). The program was influenced by the thought and curricula developed along Faruqian lines. It is a program that delves into Faruqi’s view of metareligion rooted in an ethical paradigm giving it universal perspective and approach toward the study of comparative religion. Actually, the establishment of IIUM and the religion study curriculum implemented at IIUM is a development of Faruqi’s earlier vision regarding the teaching of Islam as a civilization and worldview, which he had envisioned and hoped to apply to the academic program at the Central Institute of Islamic Research, Karachi, Pakistan during his professorship there in 1960s, but which was not realized.
Role of Context and Objectives of the Surah in Shaping the Episodes of the Qur’ānic Narrative
Authors: Abdullah Abdul-Samad
Published: April 2020

The Qur’anic way of presenting the story of Lot and his people is distinguished by repetition, summation, elaboration, elision, brevity, similarity, and variation. This article suggests that every episode of the narrative of Lot differs from the others in the series through its ownidentity, which is acquired from the surah in which it appears. Thus, each episode is woven into its own specific and general framework. Although there are general and clear topics of the narrative as a whole, the topics and objectives of each surah have a very significant role in giving the narrative a specific shape within the surah. Accordingly, when a narrative/story is repeated in the Qur’ān, such repetition comes in response to a certain context or is in harmony with one of the objectives of the surah, either directly or by implication. Thus, repetition or implication becomes a necessity or at least a requirement for a religious or stylistic purpose. Hence, we find that all the episodes in the narrative of Lot and his people in the Qur’ān They are also in accord with the context and are suitable for the occasion. All the episodes in the narrative of Lot correspond with the context and the objectives of the surah. The episode of the people of Lot is closely associated and coherent with these contexts and objectives, and it is impossible to move any episode in the narrative from one surah to another, such is the fit of each episode to its context. In fact, such a shift in position would eventually lead to stylistic flaws related to the context and objectives of that surah. Each episode in the surah has its own characteristics that distinguish it from the rest of the Qur’ānic surahs.
Contemporary Islamic Revivalism
Authors: Ali Jan A.
Published: April 2020

In the last three decades Islam has reemerged as an important global phenomenon and is aptly referred to as a contemporary Islamic revivalism. As a phenomenon, contemporary Islamic revivalism is an attempt by a small but important section of the Ummah (community of believers) to reestablish Islam as the principal paradigm for personal as well as public life across the globe. Its hallmark is a return to Islamic origins, the fundamentals of the authentic faith embodied in the Qur’ān and the Sunnah, the sayings and practices of the Prophet Muḥammad (ṢAAS). This article is an exploration of the explanations of a contemporary Islamic revivalism. Contemporary Islamic revivalism can be explained in many different ways, however, this paper focuses on the crisis perspective, the success perspective, and the crisis of modernity perspective to arrive at a more analytical understanding of this important sociological phenomenon.