bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Anorectal diseases in patients with Antiphospholipid syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Cunha E. , Guzela V. , Balbi G. G. M. , Sobrado C. , Andrade D.
Published: October 2020

Background

Hemorrhoid disease (HD) is one of the most common gastrointestinal complaints worldwide, affecting 4.4% of the general population in the United States. Since antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) may lead to intra-abdominal thrombosis, one may expect that this condition can impact the risk for HD development. Additionally, as APS patients are more prone to thrombosis and treatment with anticoagulants may increase risk of bleeding, one may also infer that rates of HD complications may be higher in this scenario. Nevertheless, no data in these regards have been published until now. The objective of the present study is to evaluate frequency of HD and describe its complications rates in antiphospholipid syndrome APS patients.

Methods

We consecutively invited patients who fulfilled APS criteria to undergo proctological examination. After examination, patients were divided in two groups, based on the presence of HD, and compared regarding different clinical manifestations and antiphospholipid profile. We performed the analysis of the data, using chi-square and Mann Whitney U when applicable and considering a significance level of 0.05. Multivariate regression analysis included age and variables with p < 0.10 in the bivariate analysis.

Results

Forty-one APS patients agreed to undergo proctological examination. All were female and overall median age was 43 (36–49). Seventeen (41.4%) patients were diagnosed with HD, with the following frequency distribution: 7 internal (41.2%), 4 external (23.5%) and 5 mixed hemorrhoids (29.4%). Of the internal hemorrhoids, 5 patients were classified as grade I (71.4%), 1 grade II (14.3%), and 1 grade IV (14.3%). Prior gestation (p = 0.067) and constipation (p = 0.067) correlated with a higher frequency of HD. In multivariate analysis, constipation remained as an important risk factor (OR 3.92,CI95% 1.03–14.2,p = 0.037). Five out of 17 patients (29.4%) reported anal bleeding, but it did not correlate with warfarin dose (p = 0.949). Surgical treatment was indicated for 10 patients (58.8%). Other anorectal findings were anal fissure, plicoma, condyloma and one chlamydial retitis.

Conclusion

We found an unexpected high frequency of hemorrhoids in APS patients, with a great proportion requiring surgical treatment.
Microbiomes of a specialist caterpillar are consistent across different habitats but also resemble the local soil microbial communities
Authors: Gomes Sofia I. F. , Kielak Anna M. , Hannula S. Emilia , Heinen Robin , Jongen Renske , Keesmaat Ivor , De Long Jonathan R. , Bezemer T. Martijn
Published: October 2020

Background

Insect-associated microorganisms can provide a wide range of benefits to their host, but insect dependency on these microbes varies greatly. The origin and functionality of insect microbiomes is not well understood. Many caterpillars can harbor symbionts in their gut that impact host metabolism, nutrient uptake and pathogen protection. Despite our lack of knowledge on the ecological factors driving microbiome assemblages of wild caterpillars, they seem to be highly variable and influenced by diet and environment. Several recent studies have shown that shoot-feeding caterpillars acquire part of their microbiome from the soil. Here, we examine microbiomes of a monophagous caterpillar (Tyria jacobaeae) collected from their natural host plant (Jacobaea vulgaris) growing in three different environments: coastal dunes, natural inland grasslands and riverine grasslands, and compare the bacterial communities of the wild caterpillars to those of soil samples collected from underneath each of the host plants from which the caterpillars were collected.

Results

The microbiomes of the caterpillars were dominated by Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes. Only 5% of the total bacterial diversity represented 86.2% of the total caterpillar’s microbiome. Interestingly, we found a high consistency of dominant bacteria within the family Burkholderiaceae in all caterpillar samples across the three habitats. There was one amplicon sequence variant belonging to the genus Ralstonia that represented on average 53% of total community composition across all caterpillars. On average, one quarter of the caterpillar microbiome was shared with the soil.

Conclusions

We found that the monophagous caterpillars collected from fields located more than 100 km apart were all dominated by a single Ralstonia. The remainder of the bacterial communities that were present resembled the local microbial communities in the soil in which the host plant was growing. Our findings provide an example of a caterpillar that has just a few key associated bacteria, but that also contains a community of low abundant bacteria characteristic of soil communities.
Continuum modelling of structure formation of biosilica patterns in diatoms
Authors: Bobeth Manfred , Dianat Arezoo , Gutierrez Rafael , Werner David , Yang Hongliu , Eckert Hagen , Cuniberti Gianaurelio
Published: October 2020

Formation of regularly structured silica valves of various diatom species is a particularly fascinating phenomenon in biomineralization. Intensive investigations have been devoted to elucidate the formation mechanisms of diatom valve structures. Phase-separation of species-specific organic molecules has been proposed to be involved in pattern formation, where the evolving organic molecule structures serve as template for silica formation. In the present work, using a continuum approach, we investigate the conditions under which silica structures of high regularity can develop within a phase separation model. In relation to previously reported in vitro experiments of silica formation, which revealed the important role of phosphate ions in the self-assembly of organic molecules, we propose a model where phase separation is coupled with a chemical reaction. We analyze the impact of the reaction of phosphate ions with organic molecules on the appearing morphology of the organic template. Two- and three-dimensional simulations of the development of regular stationary patterns are presented. The influence of a confined geometry and an interaction of organic molecules with the walls on pattern formation is also addressed. We expect that our approach will be relevant for experimental studies aiming at inducing structure formation under controlled in vitro conditions.
The early communicative skills among a sample of Egyptian infants and toddlers
Authors: Mohammed Hassnaa Othman , Mahmoud Nesreen Fathi
Published: October 2020

Background

The development of early communicative skills has always been an area of interest in the medical field. Although the assessment of early communicative skills and its relation to language development is important, it is a deficient field of research among Egyptian children. Therefore the current work is aiming to explore the early communicative skills among a sample of infants and toddlers in Egypt and to develop an Arabic assessment tool for early communicative abilities. A cross-sectional study was carried on in the period between January 2015 and January 2018. The study developed an assessment tool for assessment of early communicative skills (Early Communicative Skills Assessment Checklist in Arabic (ECSAC)) and then examined these communicative abilities among a sample of normally developed 151 Egyptian infants and toddler [83 (55%) males and 68 (45%) females] aged between 6 and 24 months. Then, the normative data of development of the early communicative skills were determined for the children in the period from 6 to 12 months, 13 to 18 months, and 19 to 24 months.

Results

ECSAC was a valid and reliable tool for assessment of early communicative skills among Egyptian children. The normal age of development of different early communicative skills was determined. Both sexes performed equally on the checklist.

Conclusion

ECSAC is a valid and reliable assessment tool among Egyptian infants and toddler.
The ETS-transcription factor Pointed is sufficient to regulate the posterior fate of the follicular epithelium
Authors: Stevens Cody A. , Revaitis Nicole T. , Caur Rumkan , Yakoby Nir
Published: October 2020

The Janus-kinase/Signal Transducers and Activators of Transcription (JAK/STAT) pathway regulates the anterior posterior axis of the Drosophila follicle cells. In the anterior, it activates the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling pathway through expression of the BMP ligand, decapentaplegic (dpp). In the posterior, JAK/STAT works with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway to express the T-box transcription factor midline (mid). While MID is necessary in establishing the posterior fate of the egg chamber, we show that it is not sufficient to determine a posterior fate. The ETS-transcription factor pointed (pnt) is expressed in an overlapping domain to mid in the follicle cells. This study shows that pnt is upstream of mid, and it is sufficient to induce a posterior fate in the anterior end, which is characterized by the induction of mid, the prevention of the stretched cells formation, and the abrogation of border cells migration. We demonstrate that the anterior BMP signaling is abolished by PNT through dpp repression. However, ectopic DPP cannot rescue this repression, suggesting additional targets of PNT participate in the posterior fate determination.
Human yolk sac-like haematopoiesis generates RUNX1- and GFI1/1B-dependent blood and SOX17-positive endothelium
Authors: Bruveris Freya F. , Ng Elizabeth S. , Leitoguinho Ana Rita , Motazedian Ali , Vlahos Katerina , Sourris Koula , Mayberry Robyn , McDonald Penelope , Azzola Lisa , Davidson Nadia M. , Oshlack Alicia , Stanley Edouard G. , Elefanty Andrew G.
Published: October 2020

The genetic regulatory network controlling early fate choices during human blood cell development are not well understood. We used human pluripotent stem cell reporter lines to track the development of endothelial and haematopoietic populations in an in vitro model of human yolk-sac development. We identified SOX17−CD34+CD43− endothelial cells at day 2 of blast colony development, as a haemangioblast-like branch point from which SOX17−CD34+CD43+ blood cells and SOX17+CD34+CD43− endothelium subsequently arose. Most human blood cell development was dependent on RUNX1. Deletion of RUNX1 only permitted a single wave of yolk sac-like primitive erythropoiesis, but no yolk sac myelopoiesis or aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM)-like haematopoiesis. Blocking GFI1/1B activity with a small molecule inhibitor abrogated all blood cell development, even in cell lines with an intact RUNX1 gene. Together, our data defines the hierarchical requirements for both RUNX1 and GFI1/1B during early human haematopoiesis arising from a yolk sac-like SOX17-negative haemogenic endothelial intermediate.
Hedgehog produced by the Drosophila wing imaginal disc induces distinct responses in three target tissues
Authors: Hatori Ryo , Kornberg Thomas B.
Published: October 2020

Hedgehog (Hh) is an evolutionarily conserved signaling protein that has essential roles in animal development and homeostasis. We investigated Hh signaling in the region of the Drosophila wing imaginal disc that produces Hh and is near the tracheal air sac primordium (ASP) and myoblasts. Hh distributes in concentration gradients in the anterior compartment of the wing disc, ASP and myoblasts, and activates genes in each tissue. Some targets of Hh signal transduction are common to the disc, ASP and myoblasts, whereas others are tissue-specific. Signaling in the three tissues is cytoneme-mediated and cytoneme-dependent. Some ASP cells project cytonemes that receive both Hh and Branchless (Bnl), and some targets regulated by Hh signaling in the ASP are also dependent on Bnl signal transduction. We conclude that the single source of Hh in the wing disc regulates cell type-specific responses in three discreet target tissues.
Remote Learning During COVID-19 in Hisar School
Authors: Nahcivan Lara , Çermik Erkan
Published: October 2020

In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, schools around the world have had to implement remote learning practices. The purpose of this study was to examine the attitudes of students towards the remote learning practices adapted by Hisar School during the COVID-19 pandemic. Three questionnaires with questions that asked students to reflect on their motivation levels, ability to complete assignments on time, contact their teachers, access school resources and other learning activities were sent to the entire high-school population of Hisar School. Our findings demonstrate that Hisar high school students had positive attitudes regarding the remote learning practices of their school, although 12th grade students had the lowest motivation scores and consequently lower positive attitudes. Additionally, students had difficulty accessing the school library’s online resources. Lastly, students preferred to complete assignments at their own pace rather than in predetermined self-study hours.
Fingerprints – are they unique human’s codes?
Authors: Mumelaš S.
Published: October 2020

Have you ever looked carefully at your fingertips? What do you see? You can see many bumps and bridges on your fingertips. Those patterns are called dermatoglyphs. Dactyloscopy is a discipline that uses papillary lines. Fingerprints can be used in solving crimes, like key or password to open the phone or tablets. They are formed before the birth and they are permanent and unique. There are three main patterns in fingerprints: arch, loop and whorl. Are there any similarities between human fingerprints? We decided to test are the human fingerprints inherited. We took fingerprint patterns among members of the same family and as well among group of students in the class. After the investigation we confirm that there are some similarities in fingerprints among the members among the same family.
Child public health part 3: promoting healthy childhood
Authors: Robinson Simon
Published: October 2020

Child health promotion focuses on individuals and communities adopting healthy behaviours. This article, the third part of four on child public health, explores health promotion strategy and theory, as well as the areas in which paramedics can contribute to improving their own health promotion beyond the clinical setting.
Autologous cartilage and fibrin sealant may be superior to conventional fat grafting in preventing physeal bone bridge formation – a pilot study in porcines
Authors: Abood Ahmed A. , Møller-Madsen Bjarne , Shiguetomi-Medina Juan Manuel , Stødkilde-Jørgensen Hans , Foldager Casper , Rahbek Ole
Published: October 2020

Purpose

The article compares physeal recovery after insertion of autologous cartilage and a conventional fat graft in a standardized porcine physeal gap model. Presence of a bone bridge was the primary outcome.

Methods

Ten porcines in two groups of five were included in a paired design. A standardized physeal gap in the distal femur was made in all animals. One group (n = 5) was randomized for deposition of autologous cartilage and a Tisseel® or Tisseel® alone. The autologous cartilage was harvested from the femoral articular surface. The other group was randomized for fat grafting or no grafts at all. All animals were housed for 14 weeks. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed at 14 weeks prior to euthanasia. The physis was harvested for histology.

Results

MRI – Three bone bridges were seen in the fat grafted gaps. All empty gaps formed a bone bridge. No gaps filled with autologous cartilage and Tisseel® resulted in bone bridges. One gap filled with Tisseel® only caused a bone bridge. Histology – The cartilage grafted gaps recovered with physeal-like cartilaginous tissue in histological analysis.

Conclusions

Fat grafts seems ineffective in preventing bone bridges. The use of autologous cartilage may be superior to the current treatment. However, donor site complications were not investigated. The study serves as a proof of concept study and requires further investigation.

Level of evidence

III
Vascular examination predicts functional outcomes in supracondylar humerus fractures: A prospective study
Authors: Ernat Justin J. , Wimberly Robert L. , Ho Christine A. , Riccio Anthony I.
Published: October 2020

Purpose

This article prospectively examines the functional outcome measures following management of vascular insult secondary to paediatric supracondylar humerus fractures (SCHFX) using validated outcome measures.

Methods

The three-year, prospective, IRB-approved study consecutively enrolled operative SCHFX patients. Clinical data included presence and symmetry of the radial pulse in injured and uninjured extremities, Doppler examination of non-palpable (NP) pulses and perfusion status of the hand. Pediatric Outcomes Data Collection Instruments (PODCI) and the Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand (QuickDASH) Measures were used to assess functional outcome at final follow-up. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine the relationship between the presence of a vascular abnormality and functional outcome while controlling for other injury parameters.

Results

A total of 146/752 enrolled patients (mean age 6.8 years; range 2 years to 13 years) completed functional outcome measures at final follow-up. Of these, 20 (14%) patients had abnormal vascular exams at presentation: nine (6%) with palpable asymmetric pulse and 11 (7.5%) with NP pulse. Of those with NP pulses, nine/11 (6%) were Dopplerable and two (1.5%) lacked identifiable Doppler signal. Patients with a symmetric, palpable pulse demonstrated better PODCI pain and comfort scores (95.2 versus 85.2) (p < 0.0001), and QuickDASH scores (10.9 versus 21.6) (p < 0.007) compared to those with any abnormal vascular examination. Patients with palpable pulses, regardless of symmetry, demonstrated ­significantly higher PODCI pain and comfort scores (94.6 versus 84.7) (p < 0.003) than NP pulses.

Conclusions

In children with operative SCHFX, an abnormal vascular examination at presentation is predictive of poorer outcomes in pain and upper extremity function. A palpable pulse, versus NP, is predictive of better pain and comfort at final follow-up.

Level of evidence

II
Half-threaded holes markedly increase the fatigue life of locking plates without compromising screw stability
Authors: Chao Ching-Kong , Chen You-Lin , Lin Jinn
Published: October 2020

Aims

To determine whether half-threaded screw holes in a new titanium locking plate design can substantially decrease the notch effects of the threads and increase the plate fatigue life.

Methods

Three types (I to III) of titanium locking plates were fabricated to simulate plates used in the femur, tibia, and forearm. Two copies of each were fabricated using full- and half-threaded screw holes (called A and B, respectively). The mechanical strengths of the plates were evaluated according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) F382-14, and the screw stability was assessed by measuring the screw removal torque and bending strength.

Results

The B plates had fatigue lives 11- to 16-times higher than those of the A plates. Before cyclic loading, the screw removal torques were all higher than the insertion torques. However, after cyclic loading, the removal torques were similar to or slightly lower than the insertion torques (0% to 17.3%), although those of the B plates were higher than those of the A plates for all except the type III plates (101%, 109.8%, and 93.8% for types I, II, and III, respectively). The bending strengths of the screws were not significantly different between the A and B plates for any of the types.

Conclusion

Removing half of the threads from the screw holes markedly increased the fatigue life of the locking plates while preserving the tightness of the screw heads and the bending strength of the locking screws. However, future work is necessary to determine the relationship between the notch sensitivity properties and titanium plate design. Cite this article: Bone Joint Res 2020;9(10):645–652.
Effect of ablation behavior on the matrix effect in nanosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
Authors: Zhang Xiaocheng , Meng Jiuling , Lü Tao
Published: October 2020

To investigate the effect of ablation behavior on the matrix effect, nanosecond laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry is used to analyze variations in element signal intensities of NIST 610 and GSE-1G standard samples with different laser fluence. Scanning electron microscopy and super depth-of-field microscopy are used to capture the morphology of the ablation crater and obtain depth information, respectively. A pump–probe shadowgraph is used to record the dynamic process of plasma plume evolution during sample ablation. Experimental results show that the proportion of refractory elements to volatile elements in the ablation materials with two different matrices increases with an increase in laser fluence. For the GSE-1G matrix, this range of increase is relatively small, and the signal loss of refractory elements occurs at a higher laser fluence. Combined with the morphology of the ablation crater and evolution of the plasma plume, this potential cause is related to the plasma shielding, which is beneficial to form and deposit large particles, resulting in the loss of refractory elements at high energy fluence.
Deep learning for camera data acquisition, control, and image estimation
Authors: Brady David J. , Fang Lu , Ma Zhan
Published: October 2020

We review the impact of deep-learning technologies on camera architecture. The function of a camera is first to capture visual information and second to form an image. Conventionally, both functions are implemented in physical optics. Throughout the digital age, however, joint design of physical sampling and electronic processing, e.g., computational imaging, has been increasingly applied to improve these functions. Over the past five years, deep learning has radically improved the capacity of computational imaging. Here we briefly review the development of artificial neural networks and their recent intersection with computational imaging. We then consider in more detail how deep learning impacts the primary strategies of computational photography: focal plane modulation, lens design, and robotic control. With focal plane modulation, we show that deep learning improves signal inference to enable faster hyperspectral, polarization, and video capture while reducing the power per pixel by10−100×. With lens design, deep learning improves multiple aperture image fusion to enable task-specific array cameras. With control, deep learning enables dynamic scene-specific control that may ultimately enable cameras that capture the entire optical data cube (the “light field”), rather than just a focal slice. Finally, we discuss how these three strategies impact the physical camera design as we seek to balance physical compactness and simplicity, information capacity, computational complexity, and visual fidelity.
Investigation on soliton mode-locked fiber laser with PbSe quantum dot as gain medium by numerical simulation
Authors: Wei Kaihua , Zhang Lei , Zhang Libin , Wu Kaihua , Zhu Hairong , Fan Shanhui , Lai Xiaomin
Published: October 2020

A soliton mode-locked lead selenide (PbSe) quantum-dot-doped fiber laser (QDFL) is proposed and investigated by numerical simulation for the first time. Buildup dynamics in time and spectral domains are studied. Output properties starting from Gaussian and noise-like signals are characterized. The optimum quantum-dot-doped fiber lengths are revealed under various PbSe quantum dot doping concentrations. The evolutions of the pulse and spectrum in the resonator at the steady state are discussed. The results obtained facilitate the understanding of the operating principle of QDFL for solving emission wavelength problem.
Uso do Marketing Digital: Uma Análise de Empresas de um Parque Tecnológico
Authors: Victorino Karoline , Sordi Jefferson Dobner , Gonçalves Manuela Albornoz , Rauber Luis Henrique , Jahn Nivia Maria
Published: October 2020

Objetivo - entender como as pequenas empresas localizadas em um parque tecnológico fazem uso de ações estratégicas e ferramentas de marketing digital para promover seus negócios.Metodologia/abordagem - sistematizou-se uma coleta de dados exploratória com abordagem qualitativa através de entrevistas em profundidade com empresários do parque tecnológicoPrincipais resultados - A pesquisa demonstrou que os empreendedores apresentam dificuldades na formação e execução de estratégias de marketing digital. O conhecimento que cada empreendedor tem de cada ferramenta tem reflexos no uso que ele faz das ferramentas disponíveis.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas  - Construiu-se um framework demonstrando de que forma as pequenas empresas executam suas estratégias de marketing digital do papel que o conhecimento das ferramentas e métricas tem no uso e nas ações executadas pelas organizações.Relevância/originalidade - Viu-se a oportunidade de entender como empresas inseridas em ambientes de inovação utilizam as diversas ações estratégicas que o marketing digital oferece e como elas realizam o devido monitoramento das ações realizadasContribuições sociais / para a gestão - A partir do trabalho, os gestores de pequenos negócios podem reconhecer quais são as barreiras que encontram para execução de estratégias de marketing digital e buscarem soluções para superar esses desafios, à luz do seu conhecimento e potenciais reflexos nos negócis.
Com que Lancha eu vou? O Caso do Passeio da Ilha da Restinga
Authors: Limeira Magalhães Yuri , Teixeira de Carvalho Diana Lucia
Published: October 2020

Objetivo do estudo: propiciar uma discussão sobre decisões de marketing, em um contexto do ecoturismo, sendo o produto um passeio à Ilha da Restinga.Metodologia/abordagem: o caso foi construído com base em entrevistas com os protagonistas e na observação participante em visitas à Ilha da Restinga, além de análise documental.Principais resultados: o caso suscita um debate, fundamentado no dilema apresentado, que questiona a possibilidade de manutenção do passeio à Ilha da Restinga, mediante os resultados das ações gerenciais dos protagonistas, sobretudo no que diz respeito às decisões de marketing, em contextos do ecoturismo, favorecendo uma reflexão sobre possíveis melhorias gerenciais.Contribuições teóricas/metodológicas: este caso para ensino, como um recurso pedagógico, pode ser utilizado prioritariamente em disciplinas das áreas de Marketing, Marketing Turístico e Administração Empreendedora, dos cursos de Administração e de Turismo, preferencialmente.Relevância/originalidade: este caso para ensino é relevante por explorar as práticas organizacionais de gestores de uma ilha, que têm alinhamento com a perspectiva do ecoturismo.Contribuições sociais/para a gestão: este caso pode ser utilizado para auxiliar os gestores a entender possíveis caminhos para as organizações turísticas, cuja base está no ecoturismo, além de proporcionar uma visão mais abrangente para o alunado, acerca das decisões de marketing importantes para esse tipo de negócio, quando aplicado em sala de aula. Assim, ele contribui para o aprendizado e o desenvolvimento de habilidades relacionadas às decisões de marketing estratégico, especificamente fundamentadas nos preceitos do ecoturismo, que pressupõe a valorização da preservação ambiental, da cultura local e do impacto positivo para os diversos stakeholders.
Self-Reported Lower Gastrointestinal Endoscopy Use and Changes in Colorectal Cancer Mortality Rates in European Countries
Authors: Chen Chen , Stock Christian , Hoffmeister Michael , Brenner Hermann
Published: October 2020

INTRODUCTION:

To quantify the association of self-reported lower gastrointestinal endoscopy use measured in 2004/05 with colorectal cancer (CRC) mortality changes over 2004–2015 in Europe.

METHODS:

An ecological analysis was performed using endoscopy utilization data from the Survey of Health, Aging, and Retirement in 11 European countries in 2004/05 and CRC mortality data from the World Health Organization Mortality Database over 2004–2015. Mortality trends were compared through annual mortality changes from joinpoint regression models. Cross-national variations in mortality trends with respect to endoscopy use were tested for statistical significance by negative binomial regression models.

RESULTS:

The proportion of respondents who reported having had an endoscopy within 10 years varied widely across countries, from 6.1% to 25.1%. Large disparities in CRC mortality trends were also observed, with annual mortality change ranging from a decline of 3.3% to an increase of 0.9% for men and from a decline of 3.3% to a decline of 0.6% for women. Endoscopy uptake was negatively associated with the magnitude of annual mortality change over 2004–2015 (rate ratio for a 10-year mortality change per 10% higher endoscopy use, 0.88; 95% confidence interval, 0.82–0.94).

DISCUSSION:

This analysis provides quantitative evidence on the contributions of endoscopy use to CRC mortality declines in European countries over the past decade. A considerable fraction of protection is likely to be delivered through endoscopic removal of adenomas and sessile serrated lesions. With many European countries having recently implemented CRC screening programs, an increase in endoscopy use and a subsequent reduction in CRC mortality would be expected.
Os Saraus de Poesia - Cultura, Política e Juventude em Movimento
Authors: Dos Santos Célio José
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo tem como objetivo tensionar o debate a respeito das formas de articulação e mobilização política da juventude na capital baiana. Na última década, emergiram na cena cultural da cidade de Salvador inúmeros saraus de poesia, que se espalharam pela cidade, e em sua maioria organizados por jovens negros e negras, os quais enxergaram no sarau uma forma de mobilização e auto-organização política baseada na autogestão, na autonomia, na ajuda mútua e na horizontalidade. Nesse contexto, o sarau assume um papel interessante para a construção de redes de sociabilidade dos jovens na cidade: é o lugar de encontro, de aprender, de fazer, de debater e de construir política. O sarau é o nó da rede das tramas de relações que são tecidas na cena política e cultural soteropolitana; é o lugar onde os jovens estão vivenciando, experienciando e construindo um modo de ser jovem negro/negra na cidade de Salvador.
Os jovens da jovem
Authors: Paz Tella Marco Aurélio , Caldas Phelipe
Published: October 2020

O artigo aborda algumas práticas de grupos de torcedores da Torcida Jovem do Botafogo-PB. Analisamos como a torcida se organiza a partir de delimitações geracionais, entre jovens e adultos dentro e fora do Estádio Almeidão. Procuramos analisar as torcidas organizadas a partir de sua diversidade geracional, racial e econômica em seus espaços de atuação e práticas, às vezes visíveis, às vezes nem tanto. A partir de um olhar rasante, de um ponto de vista etnográfico – trabalho de campo realizado entre maio de 2017 e agosto de 2018 –, sobre torcidas organizadas e distintas formas de torcer, discutimos como práticas de torcedores instigam reflexões sobre processos existentes de fluidez e rigidez das linhas fronteiriças geracionais em nossa sociedade. O foco do nosso artigo é a prática daquilo que vamos chamar de “performance do vai e vem”, realizada pela torcida organizada e caracterizada pela harmonia e beleza dos cânticos e movimentos corporais, assim como pela intimidação que desejam provocar nos torcedores adversários. Pretendemos demonstrar como aqueles torcedores que praticam a performance são protagonistas de uma dinâmica tipicamente juvenil, delimitadora de fronteiras com os mais velhos, na contramão de processos em que as fronteiras geracionais estão cada vez mais fluidas, mescladas e imprecisas.
De Estigma a Emblema
Authors: Martins de Freitas Isaurora Cláudia , Lima Ferreira Diocleide
Published: October 2020

Partindo de relatos e imagens de jovens negras da Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú (UVA), situada em Sobral (CE), analisamos, neste trabalho, os processos sociais e individuais que levaram essas jovens a assumir seus cabelos crespos ou cacheados, transformando-os em emblema de resistência e luta por reconhecimento. Ancoradas em discussões teóricas que tematizam juventudes, racismo, processos identitários e condição da mulher negra no Brasil e numa metodologia de pesquisa qualitativa que privilegiou os relatos escritos e a recolha de fotografias do antes e do depois da “transição capilar”, percebemos que a relação das jovens com seus cabelos possui um antes e um depois da entrada na universidade. Nos relatos, o contato com as teorias sociais, com outras jovens negras e com o movimento estudantil, possibilitado pela entrada na Instituição, é apontado como responsável por desencadear o processo de autorreconhecimento como mulheres negras que as fez ressignificar a relação com seus cabelos, consigo próprias e com a sociedade.
Polymorphism of 5’UTR myostatin gene indel (g.1256/TTTTA) and its association with body weight in Boerka crossbred goat
Authors: Ismail R. , Handiwirawan E. , Elieser S. , Jakaria J.
Published: October 2020

This study aimed to identify the variation of 5’UTR Myostatin (MSTN) gene and its association to body weight in Boer, Kacang, and Boerka goats. DNA samples were obtained from 149 heads of the goats from the Indonesian Goat Research Center, Sungei Putih, North Sumatera. Polymorphism identification was conducted by direct sequencing and PCR-RFLP with DraI as the restriction enzyme for indel g.1256/TTTTA. Analysis of variance for body weight was carried out using the General Linear Model (GLM). The 5’UTR MSTN gene|DraI was monomorphic in Kacang but polymorphic in Boer and Boerka. Genotype frequencies for Boer 0.40(AA), 0.43(AB), 0.17(BB); Kacang 1.00(AA); Boerka 0.53(AA), 0.37(AB), 0.10(BB). The allele frequencies for Boer 0.62(A), 0.38(B); Kacang 1.00(A); Boerka 0.72(A), 0.28(B), respectively. AB was the most frequent genotype among Boer, but AA was the most frequent in Kacang and Boerka. Indel g.1256/TTTTA has a significant effect (P<0.05) only on birth weight (BW) of Boer, but no significant effect on other bodyweight parameters both in Boer and Boerka.AA genotype has the highest BW (P<0.05) than AB, but it’s not significantly different from BB. Indel g.1256/TTTTA could be used as a genetic marker for the birth weight of Boer but not in Boerka goats.
Single nucleiotide polymorphisms on exon 3 of leptin gene and their association with growth in Padjadjaran sheep
Authors: Rahmat D. , Hilmia N. , Bandiati S.K.
Published: October 2020

The diversity of leptin genes in cattle has an impact to the physiological function of the leptin hormone as anti-obesity. This study was aimed to determine polymorphisms of the Leptin gene based on Single Nucleotide Polymorphism on exon 3rd and their effect to body weight, of Padjadjaran sheep. DNA samples were obtained from the blood of 26 Padjadjaran rams 1 years. Data of leptin gene diversity were analyzed from the results of PCR product sequencing by Sanger Methode of 696 bp leptin exon 3. Point mutations (SNPs) on nucleotide sequence were analyzed using Bioedit and MEGA 7 Program. Growth parameters which were measured i.e. monthly body weight gain until one year of age. The association of leptin gene polymorphism with body weight was find out by unpaired T test. The results showed there were SNPs in Leptin gene in exon 3 of Padjadjaran sheep, namely g.170 G> A and g. 332.A> G. Both of these mutations are non-synonymous mutations because there were altered amino acids from Arginine to Glutamine. Genotyping was done based on the two mutations above and got two alleles G and A, each of which has an allele frequency of 0.75 and 0.25, with the frequency of each genotype, AG and GG was 0.5. There was not association between SNPs on leptin gene with body weight from birth to 12 months of age.
Effect of addition an amino acid or its combination with EDTA on DNA integrity and morphometry sperm heads of freeze-dried bovine spermatozoa
Authors: Said S. , Maulana T. , Setiorini S. , Ibrahim G.E. , Ramadhan M.N. , Christopher E.
Published: October 2020

The objective of the current study was to investigate the effect of addition an amino acid or its combination with EDTA on DNA integrity and morphometry sperm heads of freeze-dried bovine spermatozoa. Spermatozoa were freeze-dried in medium with the addition of an amino acid glycine, cysteine, glutamine, or its combination with EDTA. Sperm head morphometry was identified at 400X magnification using Axio Vision(Zeiss Company, Germany), while for membrane plasma integrity (MPI) determined by calculation of the percentage of spermatozoa having intact plasma membrane by osmotic resistance test method and DNA integrity analysis using acridine orange staining. Sperm head had declined in size after the freeze-drying process, MPI of FD spermatozoa gradually increased significantly when FD solution was added with an amino acid solution (glycine, cysteine) and its combination with EDTA. DNA integrity of all freeze-dried spermatozoa treatments was remaining intact, no significantly different (P>0.01) among treatments. The present study concluded that the addition of an amino acid (glycine, cysteine) or its combination with EDTA could be reduced morphometric sperm heads and plasma membrane damage of freeze-dried bovine spermatozoa, however, DNA integrity of bovine sperm nucleus remaining intact after the freeze-drying process without addition both amino acids and EDTA.
»Vojna není kojná«, czyli koszarowy humor w warunkach totalitaryzmu
Authors: BALOWSKA Grażyna
Published: October 2020

Artykuł prezentuje językowe sposoby osiągania efektu komicznego przez Milo- slava Švandrlíka w powieści humorystycznej Černí baroni. Są to m.in. łączenie elementów z różnych odmian języka czeskiego (spisovná čeština, obecná čeština, gwary) lub czeszczyzny i języka słowackiego, wprowadzanie wulgaryzmów, słownictwa skatologicznego i inwektyw do języka propagandy totalitarnej, kontrast formy i treści,  paralelizm składniowy. Podkreślone zostają istotne funkcje społeczne śmiechu jako reakcji na humor szczególnie w trudnym czasie życia społecznego, jakim był okres komunistyczny, np.: terapeutyczna, integracyjna i separująca.
Inverse design of diffractive optical elements using step-transition perturbation approach
Authors: Kim Dong Cheon , Hermerschmidt Andreas , Dyachenko Pavel , Scharf Toralf
Published: October 2020

Diffractive optical elements are ultra-thin optical components required for a variety of applications because of their high design flexibility. We introduce a gradient-based optimization method based on a step-transition perturbation approach which is an efficient approximation method using local field perturbations due to sharp surface profile transitions. Step-transition perturbation approach be available to calculate the gradient of figure of merit straightforwardly, we implemented optimization method based on this gradient. This fast and accurate inverse design creates binary (2-level) diffractive elements with small features generating the wide angle beam arrays. The results of the experimental characterization confirm that the optimization based on the perturbation method is valid for 1-to-117 fan-out grating generating beam pattern of linear array.
Performance evaluation of AF-relayed mixed FSO/mm-wave-RF link modeled by generalized misalignment and RF fading distributions
Authors: Khanna Himanshu
Published: October 2020

The performance of a generalized mixed free-space-optical (FSO)/millimeter (mm)-wave radio-frequency (RF) two-hop link model is investigated in this work. The first-hop FSO channel considers the influence of path loss, atmospheric turbulence which is modeled by the gamma–gamma (GG)-distribution, and generalized misalignment errors which incorporate the effects of non-zero boresight errors, different jitter standard deviations along the horizontal and vertical directions, and correlation between the horizontal and vertical displacements. The second-hop RF link is modeled by an extended-generalized-K (EGK) distribution which is a versatile distribution and can characterize various fading conditions in mm-wave wireless channels where the transmission frequency is in excess of 60 GHz, and considers non-homogeneous propagation, interference effects due to multiuser transmission, multipath fading and shadowing effects observed in mm-wave RF wireless channels. The considered system employs fixed-gain amplify-and-forward (AF) relay-assisted transmission. The statistical characteristic for the end-to-end SNR, i.e., cumulative distribution function (cdf), is obtained for the considered system model in this work. Based on the obtained result for cdf, the outage and error performance is evaluated, and closed form expressions for the same are derived. The derived analytical results have been illustrated through numerical plots.
Do political parties matter? Evidence from German municipalities
Authors: Riedel Nadine , Simmler Martin , Wittrock Christian
Published: October 2020

We assess whether the partisanship of local councils affects the level and composition of local public spending by German municipalities. Our identification strategy exploits changes in the party with the absolute majority in the local council, combining an instrumental variable strategy with a matching approach to address potential selection into treatment. We find evidence for strong partisan effects: Communities with a left-wing council majority spend more on ‘people-oriented’ public goods and less on infrastructure than communities with a right-wing dominated council.
Comprehensive study on the effects of process parameters of alkaline thermal pretreatment followed by thermomechanical extrusion in sugar liberation from Eucalyptus grandis wood
Authors: Doménech Pablo , Manzanares Paloma , Álvarez Cristina , Ballesteros Mercedes , Duque Aleta
Published: October 2020

A combination of alkaline thermal pretreatment followed by thermomechanical extrusion was studied as a novel sequential pretreatment process for an effective breakdown of the lignocellulosic structure of Eucalyptus grandis wood (EW). The first step was studied by analysing the influence of two factors: the NaOH-to-dry biomass ratio or NaOH loading (NaOH/DM) and the liquid-to-solid ratio (L/S). Optimization of these two parameters provided good results in terms of enzymatic hydrolysis at 5% (w w−1) solids loading, obtaining a total sugar concentration of 24.9 g L−1 and a total sugar production of 36.9 g 100 g−1 raw EW after pretreating the biomass at 20% NaOH/DM and L/S = 1/1. The second step of extrusion, when followed by a final washing step, provided a significant increase in glucose and xylose production when working at 10% NaOH/DM. For a soda loading of 20%, there was a clear improvement in sugars conversion yield after extrusion and washing: 71% for glucan conversion and 89% for xylan.
Fertility in BRCA mutation carriers: counseling BRCA-mutated patients on reproductive issues
Authors: Knabben Laura , Siegenthaler Franziska , Imboden Sara , Mueller Michael D.
Published: October 2020

Objectives

Genetic testing rates for hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC) have steadily increased during the past decades resulting in a growing population of young and healthy mutation carriers. Available data on fertility issues in BRCA mutation carriers is rising but the results remain to some extent still conflicting.

We have performed a systematic literature review in order to get an overview concerning the current evidence on fertility issues in BRCA mutation carriers. Data were analyzed critically with the aim to deliver physicians a solid basis for (onco) fertility counseling in women with BRCA mutations.

Content

We present the latest data on cancer risks in women with HBOC and analyze the influence of cancer treatment and preventive surgery on the reproductive potential. Epidemiological studies on fertility issues in BRCA mutation carriers showed heterogeneous results. However, several authors showed a decreased ovarian reserve with lower Anti-Müllerien hormone (AMH) levels and poorer response to ovarian stimulation in BRCA positive women. The diagnosis of BRCA mutations influences reproductive decision-making. Additionally, the shortened reproductive window and the need to complete family planning early has a significant psychological impact.

Summary and Outlook

This article highlights the importance of fertility counseling in BRCA mutation carriers. Individual fertility counseling is mandatory. Fertility preservation strategies should be discussed.
Microwave thermometry with potential application in non-invasive monitoring of hyperthermia
Authors: Ghaderi Aram Morteza , Beilina Larisa , Dobsicek Trefna Hana
Published: October 2020

Integration of an adaptive finite element method (AFEM) with a conventional least squares method has been presented.
As a 3D full-wave forward solver, CST Microwave Studio has been used to model and extract both electric field distribution in the region of interest (ROI) and S-parameters of a circular array consisting of 16 monopole antennas.
The data has then been fed into a differential inversion scheme to get a qualitative indicator of how the temperature distribution evolves over a course of the cooling process of a heated object.
Different regularization techniques within the Tikhonov framework are also discussed, and a balancing principle for optimal choice of the regularization parameter was used to improve the image reconstruction quality of every 2D slice of the final image.
Targets are successfully imaged via proposed numerical methods.
Occupational exposure in lead and zinc mines induces oxidative stress in miners lymphocytes: Role of mitochondrial/lysosomal damage
Authors: Seydi Enayatollah , Soltani Mahshid , Ramazani Maral , Zarei Mohammad Hadi , Pourahmad Jalal
Published: October 2020

The purpose of this research was to determine mitochondrial and lysosomal damage and oxidative stress status in blood lymphocytes of lead-zinc miners. This research was performed in 10 mine workers who have been in contact with lead and zinc in comparison to a control group containing 10 healthy volunteers. Lymphocytes were isolated from peripheral blood using the Ficoll standard method and then mitochondrial and lysosomal damage and oxidative stress were evaluated. The level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), collapse in the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) collapse, and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) content, and lysosomal damage in miners were higher than the control group. Also, viability and glutathione (GSH) content were decreased. The lymphocytes of workers of a lead-zinc mine are more susceptible to oxidative stress, mitochondrial and lysosomal damage. The proper use of safety equipment can reduce the risk of toxic agents and their subsequent hazards for mine workers.
Novel multi-zone self-heated composites tool for out-of-autoclave aerospace components manufacturing
Authors: Jayasree Nithin , Omairey Sadik , Kazilas Mihalis
Published: October 2020

In this paper, a multi-zone self-heating composite tool is developed to manufacture out-of-autoclave complex and high-quality business jet lower wing stiffened composite panel. Autoclave manufacturing is regarded as a benchmark for manufacturing aerospace-grade composite parts. However, high accruing operational costs limit production rates thereby not being practical for smaller-scale companies. Therefore, significant work towards developing out-of-autoclave manufacturing is underway. In this study, a production line tool is developed with embedded heating fabric that controls temperature at the desired zones, replacing the need for autoclave cure. It investigates and identifies the optimal design parameters of the self-heating setup namely the placement of the heating fabric, zones, thermal management system, temperature distribution, heating rate and thermal performance using a thermal FEA model. The associated thermal characterisation of the tooling material and the part are measured for accurate simulation results. The design developed in this study will be used as production guideline for the actual tool.