bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Design Strategies, Structure Activity Relationship and Mechanistic Insights for Purines as Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Sharma Sahil , Singh Jagjeet , Ojha Ritu , Singh Harbinder , Kaur Manpreet , Bedi P. M. S. , Nepali Kunal
Published: April 2016

Review: 212 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Substrate Activity Screening (SAS) and Related Approaches in Medicinal Chemistry
Authors: Gladysz Rafaela , Lambeir Anne‐Marie , Joossens Jurgen , Augustyns Koen , Van der Veken Pieter
Published: April 2016

Review: 46 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Triclosan: Current Status, Occurrence, Environmental Risks and Bioaccumulation Potential
Authors: Dhillon Gurpreet Singh , Kaur Surinder , Pulicharla Rama , Brar Satinder Kaur , Cledon Maximiliano , Verma Mausam , Surampalli Rao Y.
Published: April 2016

Review: 150 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Strategies and Methods for the Synthesis of Anticancer Natural Product Neopeltolide and Its Analogues
Authors: Bai Yu , Dai Mingji
Published: April 2016

Review: 57 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: A Short Review on the Synthetic Strategies of Duocarmycin Analogues That Are Powerful DNA Alkylating Agents
Authors: Patil Pravin C. , Satam Vijay , Lee Moses
Published: April 2016

Review: 59 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Water‐Collecting Materials Inspired by Nature
Authors: Zhu Hai , Guo Zhiguang , Liu Weimin
Published: April 2016

Review: 176 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Fluid‐Mineral Equilibria and Thermodynamic Mixing Properties of Fluid Systems
Authors: Aranovich L. Ya.
Published: April 2016

Review: 44 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Performance of First‐Principles‐Based Reaction Class Transition State Theory
Authors: Ratkiewicz Artur , Huynh Lam K. , Truong Thanh N.
Published: April 2016

Review: 96 refs.
Cenozoic tectonic migration in the Bohai Bay Basin, East China
Authors: Zhao Feiyu , Jiang Suhua , Li Sanzhong , Zhang Huixuan , Wang Gang , Lei Jianping , Gao Song
Published: April 2016

Tectonic migration is a common geological process during basin formation and development. However, there are many disputes about the tectonic migration and its dynamic mechanism in the Bohai Bay Basin. By analysis of Cenozoic tectonic, sedimentation and magmatism migration processes in the Bohai Bay Basin, combined with previous studies, the Cenozoic tectonic migration law in the Bohai Bay Basin is summarized in this paper. Affected by the subduction of the Indian Plate to the Eurasian Plate, its far‐field effect of the related eastward asthenospheric extrusion and the subduction of the Pacific Plate to the Eurasian Plate, the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin is characterized by the gradual northeastward and eastward/seaward migration of tectonic units. The tectonic migration is accompanied by eastward migrations and younging of faulting, depressions in the Bohai Bay Basin, depocentres and subsidence centres and magmatism. Finally, based on intraplate and plate marginal processes and mechanisms, the tectonic migration mechanism in the Cenozoic Bohai Bay Basin is discussed in this paper. The gradual migration of tectonic–sedimentary‐basin‐forming movements is younger and younger towards the east, resulting from the combined effect of the collision and subduction among the Indian Plate and the Pacific Plate to the Eurasian Plate. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Role of the ERK1/2 pathway in osmolarity effects on nucleus pulposus cell apoptosis in a disc perfusion culture
Authors: Li Pei , Gan Yibo , Wang Haoming , Xu Yuan , Li Songtao , Song Lei , Zhang Chengmin , Ou Yangbin , Wang Liyuan , Zhou Qiang
Published: April 2016

Osmolarity fluctuations are inevitable within the nucleus pulposus (NP). However, the effects of osmolarity on NP cell apoptosis within the organ‐cultured disc remain unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate effects of different osmolarity levels (hypo‐, iso‐, and hyper‐) and osmolarity modes (constant and cyclic) on NP cell apoptosis in a disc perfusion culture and to study the role of the ERK1/2 pathway in this regulatory process. Porcine discs were cultured for 7 days in different osmotic medium, including constant hypo‐, iso‐, and hyper‐osmolarity (330, 430, and 550 mOsm/L, respectively) and cyclic‐osmolarity (430 mOsm/L for 8 h, followed by 550 mOsm/L for 16 h). The role of the ERK1/2 pathway was investigated by using the pharmacological inhibitor U0126. NP cell apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining, caspase‐3 activity, gene expression of Bcl‐2, Bax and caspase‐3 and protein expression of cleaved caspase‐3, and cleaved PARP. Our results showed that NP cell apoptosis was increased in hypo‐ and hyper‐osmolarity cultures compared to iso‐ or cyclic‐osmolarity culture, whereas the level of apoptosis in the iso‐osmolarity culture was lower than that in the cyclic‐osmolarity culture. When the ERK1/2 pathway was inhibited in the iso‐ and cyclic‐osmolarity cultures, the level of NP cell apoptosis was significantly increased. In conclusion, the effects of osmolarity on NP cell apoptosis depend on the osmolarity level (hypo‐, iso‐, or hyper‐) and osmolarity mode (constant or cyclic). Futhermore, inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway promotes NP cell apoptosis in this process. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:86–92, 2017.
Weight change among people randomized to minimal intervention control groups in weight loss trials
Authors: Johns David J. , Hartmann‐Boyce Jamie , Jebb Susan A. , Aveyard Paul ,   on behalf of the Behavioural Weight Management Review Group
Published: April 2016

Objective

Evidence on the effectiveness of behavioral weight management programs often comes from uncontrolled program evaluations. These frequently make the assumption that, without intervention, people will gain weight. The aim of this study was to use data from minimal intervention control groups in randomized controlled trials to examine the evidence for this assumption and the effect of frequency of weighing on weight change.

Methods

Data were extracted from minimal intervention control arms in a systematic review of multicomponent behavioral weight management programs. Two reviewers classified control arms into three categories based on intensity of minimal intervention and calculated 12‐month mean weight change using baseline observation carried forward. Meta‐regression was conducted in STATA v12.

Results

Thirty studies met the inclusion criteria, twenty‐nine of which had usable data, representing 5,963 participants allocated to control arms. Control arms were categorized according to intensity, as offering leaflets only, a single session of advice, or more than one session of advice from someone without specialist skills in supporting weight loss. Mean weight change at 12 months across all categories was −0.8 kg (95% CI −1.1 to −0.4). In an unadjusted model, increasing intensity by moving up a category was associated with an additional weight loss of −0.53 kg (95% CI −0.96 to −0.09). Also in an unadjusted model, each additional weigh‐in was associated with a weight change of −0.42 kg (95% CI −0.81 to −0.03). However, when both variables were placed in the same model, neither intervention category nor number of weigh‐ins was associated with weight change.

Conclusions

Uncontrolled evaluations of weight loss programs should assume that, in the absence of intervention, their population would weigh up to a kilogram on average less than baseline at the end of the first year of follow‐up.
Reducing relative food reinforcement in infants by an enriched music experience
Authors: Kong Kai Ling , Eiden Rina D. , Feda Denise M. , Stier Corrin L. , Fletcher Kelly D. , Woodworth Elizabeth M. , Paluch Rocco A. , Epstein Leonard H.
Published: April 2016

Objective

The reinforcing value of food may be established early in life. Research shows that infant weight status is related to the relative reinforcing value of food versus non‐food alternatives (food reinforcing ratio, FRR). The purpose of this pilot study was to assess the effects of a 6‐week music enhancement program (Music Together®, n = 14) versus an active play date control group (n = 13) on the FRR in 9‐ to 16‐month‐old infants who were high in relative food reinforcement.

Methods

Participating parents and infants attended six weekly 45‐min group classes. Parents in the music group and the play date group were encouraged to listen to the Music Together program CD or play with the play date group's toy with their infants at home, respectively.

Results

Intent‐to‐treat analysis showed a decrease in FRR for infants in the music group (mean ± SD: −0.13 ± 0.13) in comparison to a slight increase in the control group (0.04 ± 0.11) (F[1, 24] = 11.86, P = 0.002).

Conclusions

These findings provide evidence that relative reinforcing value of food can be reduced by promoting alternative reinforcers at an early age.
Dietary Crude Lecithin Increases Systemic Availability of Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid with Combined Intake in Rats
Authors: van Wijk Nick , Balvers Martin , Cansev Mehmet , Maher Timothy J. , Sijben John W. C. , Broersen Laus M.
Published: April 2016

Crude lecithin, a mixture of mainly phospholipids, potentially helps to increase the systemic availability of dietary omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n‐3 PUFA), such as docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Nevertheless, no clear data exist on the effects of prolonged combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin on RBC and plasma PUFA levels. In the current experiments, levels of DHA and choline, two dietary ingredients that enhance neuronal membrane formation and function, were determined in plasma and red blood cells (RBC) from rats after dietary supplementation of DHA‐containing oils with and without concomitant dietary supplementation of crude lecithin for 2–3 weeks. The aim was to provide experimental evidence for the hypothesized additive effects of dietary lecithin (not containing any DHA) on top of dietary DHA on PUFA levels in plasma and RBC. Dietary supplementation of DHA‐containing oils, either as vegetable algae oil or as fish oil, increased DHA, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and total n‐3 PUFA, and decreased total omega‐6 PUFA levels in plasma and RBC, while dietary lecithin supplementation alone did not affect these levels. However, combined dietary supplementation of DHA and lecithin increased the changes induced by DHA supplementation alone. Animals receiving a lecithin‐containing diet also had a higher plasma free choline concentration as compared to controls. In conclusion, dietary DHA‐containing oils and crude lecithin have synergistic effects on increasing plasma and RBC n‐3 PUFA levels, including DHA and EPA. By increasing the systemic availability of dietary DHA, dietary lecithin may increase the efficacy of DHA supplementation when their intake is combined.
The effects of medial synovial plica excision with and without lateral retinacular release on adolescents with anterior knee pain
Authors: Kramer Dennis E. , Kalish Leslie A. , Abola Matthew V. , Kramer Elizabeth M. , Yen Yi-Meng , Kocher Mininder S. , Micheli Lyle J.
Published: April 2016

Objectives

To describe the functional outcomes in patients aged ≤18 years with anterior knee pain treated with medial plica excision with or without lateral release.

Methods

We identified 135 patients including 30 bilateral cases (165 knees) with a mean ± SD age of 15.1 ± 2.0 years. Patient and surgical information was recorded and a follow-up athletic questionnaire and an International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) Subjective Knee Evaluation form were sent out. Statistical analysis evaluated predictors of residual pain, reoperation, return to sports, IKDC score and satisfaction with surgery.

Results

At a final mean follow-up of 4.4 years (range 2–7.5), 36 % of patients were pain free, 46 % had mild residual pain and 18 % had pain not improved from surgery. Reoperation was more likely following isolated plica excision (7/41; 17 %) versus plica excision with lateral release (8/124; 6 %), although not statistically significant, P = 0.06. Mean IKDC score (107 knees) was 76.9 ± 17.8 (range 31–100). Most patients (86/99; 87 %) were satisfied with surgery and were able to return to sports (104/120; 87 %).

Conclusions

While most patients were satisfied and able to return to sports following plica excision with or without lateral release, residual symptoms were common.
Naturally triggered persistent deep slab avalanches in western Canada Part I: avalanche characteristics and weather trends from weather stations
Authors: CONLAN MICHAEL , JAMIESON BRUCE
Published: April 2016

A database of difficult-to-forecast natural persistent deep slab avalanches was analyzed to determine thresholds for parameters that contribute to their release in western Canada. The database included avalanche observations and weather station data. The avalanches were grouped based on their primary cause-of-release, either precipitation loading, wind loading, solar warming or air temperature warming using a multivariate classification tree, which first split using a solar warming parameter. The precipitation group had a median 24 h snowfall of 15 cm and 3 d snowfall of 38 cm at weather stations, mostly at or below treeline. These amounts were likely closer between 20–30 and 50–80 cm at alpine start zones. The wind loading group experienced the most wind-transported snow potential. The solar warming group had predicted solar warming of 5.2°C, 10 cm into the snowpack, on the days of release. The air temperature warming group experienced the highest median maximum air temperature (5°C) on the days of release. These thresholds may be useful to forecast the likelihood of similar avalanches with experienced-based forecasting or with decision aids, although many false alarms are possible. A companion paper, Part II, relates weather model data to avalanche occurrences.
ENUMERATION OF A DUAL SET OF STIRLING PERMUTATIONS BY THEIR ALTERNATING RUNS
Authors: MA SHI-MEI , WANG HAI-NA
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we count a dual set of Stirling permutations by the number of alternating runs and study properties of the generating functions, including recurrence relations, grammatical interpretations and convolution formulas.
Effect of postpartum propylene glycol allocation to over-conditioned Holstein cows on concentrations of milk metabolites
Authors: Bjerre-Harpøth Vibeke , Storm Adam C. , Vestergaard Mogens , Larsen Mogens , Larsen Torben
Published: April 2016

The objective of the study was to investigate the effect of propylene glycol (PG) allocation on concentrations of milk metabolites with potential use as indicators of glucogenic status in high yielding postpartum dairy cows. At time of calving, nine ruminally cannulated Holstein cows were randomly assigned to ruminal dosing of 500 g/d tap water (CON,n= 4) or 500 g/d PG (PPG,n= 5). The PG was given with the morning feeding week 1–4 postpartum (treatment period) and cows were further followed during week 5–8 postpartum (follow-up period). All cows were fed the same postpartum diet. Milk samples were obtained at each milking (3 times/d) in the treatment period, and at morning milking during the follow-up period. Weekly blood samples were obtained from –4 to +8 weeks relative to calving and daily blood samples from –7 until +7 d relative to calving. The main effect of PG allocation was an increased glucogenic status, e.g. visualised by a prompt marked increase in blood fructosamine. During the treatment period, milk concentration of free glucose tended to be greater, whereas milk concentrations of isocitrate and BHBA were lower for PPG compared with CON. It is proposed that the ratio between free glucose and isocitrate in milk may be a potential biomarker for glucogenic status in the vulnerable early postpartum period. We will pursue this issue in the future.
Morphological and molecular analyses of the spiruroid nematode, Falcaustra araxiana Massino, 1924 (= Spironoura araxiana) from the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis)
Authors: Rajabloo M. , Sharifiyazdi H. , Namazi F. , Shayegh H. , Rakhshandehroo E. , Farjanikish G.
Published: April 2016

There is little information on the phylogenetic position and life cycle of family Kathlaniidae. Falcaustra araxiana is a member of this family which infects the large intestine of the European pond turtle (Emys orbicularis). In the present study, morphological data and molecular analyses based on the 18S rDNA were performed on different types of F. araxiana originating from the large intestine and gastric nodules in the turtle. Morphological data revealed both larvae and adult stages in the gastric nodules. In addition, all nematodes recovered in the large intestine were adult worms. GenBank accession numbers KM200715 and KM200716 were provided for adult F. araxiana located in the intestine and stomach, respectively, of E. orbicularis. The results of sequencing proved that these two types are completely similar. Accordingly, it can be hypothesized that nodule formation is a part of the life cycle of the parasite or a survival strategy. Furthermore, F. araxiana develops to the adult stage in the gastric mucosa prior to migrating to the large intestine. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that F. araxiana unexpectedly branched away from other members of the superfamily Seuratoidea (Truttaedacnitis truttae, Cucullanus robustus and C. baylisi) and showed a closer relationship with Paraquimperia africana, a member of the Ascaridoidea. It seems that phylogenetic reconstruction for the present parasite needs more detailed morphology, life cycle and molecular studies.
Optimising preterm nutrition: present and future
Authors: Brennan Ann-Marie , Murphy Brendan P. , Kiely Mairead E.
Published: April 2016

The goal of preterm nutrition in achieving growth and body composition approximating that of the fetus of the same postmenstrual age is difficult to achieve. Current nutrition recommendations depend largely on expert opinion, due to lack of evidence, and are primarily birth weight based, with no consideration given to gestational age and/or need for catch-up growth. Assessment of growth is based predominately on anthropometry, which gives insufficient attention to the quality of growth. The present paper provides a review of the current literature on the nutritional management and assessment of growth in preterm infants. It explores several approaches that may be required to optimise nutrient intakes in preterm infants, such as personalising nutritional support, collection of nutrient intake data in real-time, and measurement of body composition. In clinical practice, the response to inappropriate nutrient intakes is delayed as the effects of under- or overnutrition are not immediate, and there is limited nutritional feedback at the cot-side. The accurate and non-invasive measurement of infant body composition, assessed by means of air displacement plethysmography, has been shown to be useful in assessing quality of growth. The development and implementation of personalised, responsive nutritional management of preterm infants, utilising real-time nutrient intake data collection, with ongoing nutritional assessments that include measurement of body composition is required to help meet the individual needs of preterm infants.
X-ray powder diffraction data for 2-[((3R)-5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahy drofuran-3-yl)methyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione, C19H15NO4
Authors: Zheng Shoujun , Xu Kailin , Wang Qing , Tang XiaoLin , Huang Yanmei , Tang Pei Xiao , Chen Lijuan , Li Hui
Published: April 2016

2-[((3R)-5-oxo-4-phenyltetrahydrofuran-3-yl)methyl]isoindoline-1,3-dione, C19H15NO4, was synthesized for the first time. Its structure was characterized by element analysis, ultraviolet spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and single X-ray diffraction (SXRD). X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) data of title compound were collected and calculated. The result of SXRD shows that its crystal system is orthorhombic, space group isPbca, and unit-cell parameters area= 8.861 57(7),b= 14.6666(10),c= 24.4247(19) Å,α=β=γ=90°, unit-cell volumeV= 3174.4 Å3, andZ= 8. All XRPD measured lines were indexed and consistent with thePbcaspace group [a= 14.639(7),b= 24.378(3),c= 8.918(1) Å,α=β=γ= 90°, unit-cell volumeV= 3182.7(9) Å3,Z= 8]. No detectable impurities were observed.
Alcoholic beverage intake throughout the week and contribution to dietary energy intake in Australian adults
Authors: Wymond Brooke S , Dickinson Kacie M , Riley Malcolm D
Published: April 2016

Objective

To assess alcoholic beverage intake among Australian adults and its contribution to dietary energy intake.

Design

Secondary analysis of a national dietary survey using 24 h dietary recall.

Setting

Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey (NNPAS) conducted from May 2011 to June 2012.

Subjects

Adults (n9341) aged 19 years and over.

Results

On the day preceding the survey, 32·8% of Australian adults consumed one or more alcoholic drinks. The median contribution to total energy intake for consumers did not differ significantly between males and females (13·7% and 12·9%, respectively;P=0·10). The prevalence of consumption of alcoholic drinks on Friday, Saturday and Sunday was 38·8 (95% CI 37·1, 40·5)%, higher than the other days (28·6 (95% CI 27·5, 29·8)%). Consumers had a median daily intake of 4·0 standard drinks on the weekend compared with 3·0 standard drinks during the week (P<0·001). Beer was the most commonly consumed alcoholic beverage for men and white wine for women. The highest prevalence of alcoholic beverage intake occurred in the highest quintile of adjusted household income (42·7 (95% CI 40·4, 45·0)%) and the ‘overweight’ BMI category (40·3 (95% CI 38·5, 42·0)%). Alcoholic beverage intake among consumers was significantly different by household income quintile (median 3·84 (highest)v. 3·05 standard drinks (lowest);P<0·05) and by waist circumference category (median 4·09 standard drinks (highest)).

Conclusions

Alcoholic drinks contribute substantially to the dietary energy intake of Australian adults. The type and pattern of consumption of alcoholic beverage intake should be considered in the development of strategies to improve dietary intake.
LOCAL DECAY FOR THE DAMPED WAVE EQUATION IN THE ENERGY SPACE
Authors: Royer Julien
Published: April 2016

We improve a previous result about the local energy decay for the damped wave equation on $\mathbb{R}^{d}$. The problem is governed by a Laplacian associated with a long-range perturbation of the flat metric and a short-range absorption index. Our purpose is to recover the decay ${\mathcal{O}}(t^{-d+\unicode[STIX]{x1D700}})$ in the weighted energy spaces. The proof is based on uniform resolvent estimates, given by an improved version of the dissipative Mourre theory. In particular, we have to prove the limiting absorption principle for the powers of the resolvent with inserted weights.
Validation of a model of family caregiver communication types and related caregiver outcomes
Authors: Wittenberg Elaine , Kravits Kate , Goldsmith Joy , Ferrell Betty , Fujinami Rebecca
Published: April 2016

Objective:

Caring for the family is included as one of the eight domains of quality palliative care, calling attention to the importance of the family system and family communications about cancer during care and treatment of the disease. Previously, a model of family caregiver communication defined four caregiver communication types—Manager, Carrier, Partner, Lone—each with a unique communication pattern. The purpose of the present study was to extend the model of family caregiver communication in cancer care to further understand the impact of family communication burden on caregiving outcomes.

Method:

This mixed-method study employed fieldnotes from a family caregiver intervention focused on quality of life and self-reported caregiver communication items to identify a specific family caregiver type. Caregiver types were then analyzed using outcome measures on psychological distress, skills preparedness, family inventory of needs, and quality-of-life domains.

Results:

Corroboration between fieldnotes and self-reported communication for caregivers (n = 21, 16 women, mean age of 53 years) revealed a definitive classification of the four caregiver types (Manager = 6, Carrier = 5, Partner = 6, Lone = 4). Mean scores on self-reported communication items documented different communication patterns congruent with the theoretical framework of the model. Variation in caregiver outcomes measures confirmed the model of family caregiver communication types. Partner and Lone caregivers reported the lowest psychological distress, with Carrier caregivers feeling least prepared and Manager caregivers reporting the lowest physical quality of life.

Significance of results:

This study illustrates the impact of family communication on caregiving and increases our knowledge and understanding about the role of communication in caregiver burden. The research provides the first evidence-based validation for a family caregiver communication typology and its relationship to caregiver outcomes. Future research is needed to develop and test interventions that target specific caregiver types.
Konzepte und Wirksamkeit der Delfintherapien
Authors: Stumpf Eva
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Delfintherapien weltweit werden von deutschen Familien rege in Anspruch genommen, bislang aber kaum von der Fachwelt diskutiert. Dieser Beitrag bietet einen Einblick in konzeptionelle Unterschiede verschiedener Anbieter und einen vollständigen Überblick zu den Wirksamkeitsstudien. Von den insgesamt 32 Studien werden die Ergebnisse der 13 kontrollierten Studien unter Berücksichtigung weiterer methodischer Eckdaten erläutert. Für Kinder mit unterschiedlichen Behinderungen sind Effekte auf die kognitive und motorische Entwicklung sowie nachhaltige Effekte auf kommunikative und soziale Kompetenzen bestätigt. Für andere Zielgruppen ist die Befundlage noch sehr eingeschränkt. Es werden Schlussfolgerungen für die zukünftige Forschung und für die Beratung von Familien gezogen.
Kinder psychisch erkrankter Eltern
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Petermann Franz
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern sind seit langem als Hochrisikogruppe für die Entwicklung eigener psychischer Auffälligkeiten bekannt. Sie weisen im Vergleich zur Allgemeinbevölkerung ein mehrfach erhöhtes spezifisches und unspezifisches psychiatrisches Erkrankungsrisiko auf. In der Erforschung von Entwicklungsrisiken für Kinder psychisch kranker Eltern werden genetische, biologische und psychosoziale Risikofaktoren berücksichtigt, wobei besonders die psychosozialen Faktoren bedeutsam sind. Resilienz- und Schutzfaktoren wirken den Risikofaktoren entgegen und können die Wirkung von Risikofaktoren abmildern. Für Interventionen und Präventionen sind besonders die psychosozialen Faktoren in der Lebensumwelt des Kindes und die Schutzfaktoren relevant. Im Hinblick auf Interventionen werden besonders familienorientierte Interventionen von Experten für sinnvoll erachtet. Die psychosozialen und medizinischen Ausgangslagen der Familien sind komplex und entsprechend komplex und an der ganzen Familie orientiert sollte die Unterstützung angelegt sein. Die Entscheidung für eine Präventions- oder Interventionsmaßnahme sollte das Ergebnis eines diagnostischen Prozesses sein.
Familienfunktionalität und familiäre Beziehungen im Perspektivenvergleich
Authors: Wiegand-Grefe Silke , Alberts Jannis , Petermann Franz , Plass Angela
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Die Familienfunktionalität und die Familienbeziehungen werden aus der Perspektive der Familie (erkrankter Elternteil, Lebenspartner, Kind) mit dem Allgemeinen Familienbogen FB-A und aus der Perspektive der Therapeuten mit der GARF-Skala erfasst. Die Stichprobe besteht aus 19 Familien in der Interventionsgruppe und 14 Familien in der Kontrollgruppe. In die Analyse gingen Daten aus drei Messzeitpunkten (vor der Intervention, nach Abschluss der Intervention und ein Jahr nach Abschluss der Intervention) ein. Die Familienfunktionalität aus der Perspektive des erkrankten Elternteils verbesserte sich in der Interventionsgruppe im Vergleich zur Kontrollgruppe in der Skala Aufgabenerfüllung und in den Beziehungsskalen Emotionalität und Affektive Beziehungsaufnahme. Eine Verbesserung der Familienfunktionalität aus der Therapeutenperspektive wird deutlich, aber der Effekt durch einen gegenläufige Veränderung der Kontrollgruppe und einen signifikanten Interaktionseffekt verhindert. Im Verlauf über drei Messzeitpunkte verbesserten sich aus der Perspektive der erkrankten Elternteile der Gesamtwert, die Kommunikation, die Aufgabenerfüllung und die Werte und Normen. Die Verbesserungen zeigten sich jedoch nur aus der Perspektive der erkrankten Elternteile. Die Veränderungen aus der Perspektive der Lebenspartner und Kinder erreichen keine Signifikanz.
Welche Faktoren beeinflussen, ob psychisch belastete Kinder mit einem psychisch kranken Elternteil Hilfen erhalten?
Authors: Hefti Stephanie , Kölch Michael , Gallo Alain Di , Stierli Rahel , und Marc Schmid Binia Roth
Published: April 2016

Zusammenfassung. Trotz der erheblichen Risiken für die Entwicklung der Kinder von psychisch kranken Eltern zeigen viele Studien, dass die betroffenen Familien psychosoziale Hilfsangebote aus den unterschiedlichsten Gründen nicht ausreichend nutzen können. Zentrale Fragestellungen der Studie sind sowohl die Inanspruchnahme von Hilfsangeboten in der Region Basel (Schweiz) durch psychisch kranke Eltern als auch Gründe, weshalb Angebote nicht genutzt werden. Zudem wurde nach Prädiktoren gesucht, wieso verhaltensauffällige Kinder mit geringerer Lebensqualität in dieser Risikopopulation keine adäquate psychiatrische Unterstützung erhalten. Untersucht wurden psychisch kranke Eltern (N = 101, 58.4 % weiblich) in (teil–) stationärer und ambulanter psychiatrischer Behandlung. Die Resultate zeigen, dass auch in einer psychosozial gut versorgten Region viele Familien von Hilfsangeboten nicht erreicht werden konnten. Gründe waren, dass die Angebote nicht bekannt waren, zu hohe Kosten oder Ängste der Eltern bezüglich Sorgerechtsentzugs. Elterlicher Stress erwies sich als signifikanter Prädiktor, weshalb verhaltensauffällige Kinder mit geringer Lebensqualität keine adäquate Hilfe erhalten. Diese Ergebnisse belegen, dass die vorhandenen Hilfsangebote die betroffenen Familien nicht erreichen. Die Elternschaft und der damit verbundene Stress sollten in der therapeutischen Arbeit mit diesen Eltern thematisiert werden.
Forecasting India's Water Future
Authors: Mesquita Michel , Veldore Vidyunmala , Li Lu , Krishnan R. , Orsolini Yvan , Senan Retish , Ramarao M. , Viste Ellen
Published: April 2016

The NORINDIA project sheds light on how climate change could affect monsoons, droughts, and glaciers in northern India.
Mediator MED23 cooperates with RUNX2 to drive osteoblast differentiation and bone development
Authors: Liu Zhen , Yao Xiao , Yan Guang , Xu YiChi , Yan Jun , Zou Weiguo , Wang Gang
Published: April 2016

How lineage specifiers are regulated during development is an outstanding question, and the molecular regulation of osteogenic factor RUNX2 remains to be fully understood. Here we report that the Mediator subunit MED23 cooperates with RUNX2 to regulate osteoblast differentiation and bone development. Med23 deletion in mesenchymal stem cells or osteoblast precursors results in multiple bone defects similar to those observed in Runx2+/− mice. In vitro, Med23-deficient progenitor cells are refractory to osteoblast differentiation, and Med23 deficiency reduces Runx2-target gene activity without changing Runx2 expression. Mechanistically, MED23 binds to RUNX2 and modulates its transcriptional activity. Moreover, Med23 deficiency in osteoprogenitor cells exacerbates the skeletal abnormalities observed in Runx2+/− mice. Collectively, our results establish a genetic and physical interaction between RUNX2 and MED23, suggesting that MED23 constitutes a molecular node in the regulatory network of anabolic bone formation and related diseases.
A low-cost hierarchical nanostructured beta-titanium alloy with high strength
Authors: Devaraj Arun , Joshi Vineet V. , Srivastava Ankit , Manandhar Sandeep , Moxson Vladimir , Duz Volodymyr A. , Lavender Curt
Published: April 2016

Lightweighting of automobiles by use of novel low-cost, high strength-to-weight ratio structural materials can reduce the consumption of fossil fuels and in turn CO2 emission. Working towards this goal we achieved high strength in a low cost β-titanium alloy, Ti–1Al–8V–5Fe (Ti185), by hierarchical nanostructure consisting of homogenous distribution of micron-scale and nanoscale α-phase precipitates within the β-phase matrix. The sequence of phase transformation leading to this hierarchical nanostructure is explored using electron microscopy and atom probe tomography. Our results suggest that the high number density of nanoscale α-phase precipitates in the β-phase matrix is due to ω assisted nucleation of α resulting in high tensile strength, greater than any current commercial titanium alloy. Thus hierarchical nanostructured Ti185 serves as an excellent candidate for replacing costlier titanium alloys and other structural alloys for cost-effective lightweighting applications.
Heat Management in Thermoelectric Power Generators
Authors: Zebarjadi M.
Published: April 2016

Thermoelectric power generators are used to convert heat into electricity. Like any other heat engine, the performance of a thermoelectric generator increases as the temperature difference on the sides increases. It is generally assumed that as more heat is forced through the thermoelectric legs, their performance increases. Therefore, insulations are typically used to minimize the heat losses and to confine the heat transport through the thermoelectric legs. In this paper we show that to some extend it is beneficial to purposely open heat loss channels in order to establish a larger temperature gradient and therefore to increase the overall efficiency and achieve larger electric power output. We define a modified Biot number (Bi) as an indicator of requirements for sidewall insulation. We show cooling from sidewalls increases the efficiency for Bi values less than one and decreases the efficiency for Bi values larger than one.
Perceptual versus motor spatiotemporal interactions in duration reproduction across two hands
Authors: Kuroda Tsuyoshi , Miyazaki Makoto
Published: April 2016

The possibility of spatiotemporal interactions in motor action that are comparable with the perceptual kappa effect was tested in the present study. In the kappa effect, the empty duration between two successive stimuli is overestimated when the spatial distance between these stimuli is increased. Indeed, when participants reproduced the standard (empty) duration, delivering two tactile stimuli to different hands resulted in a longer reproduced duration than delivering both stimuli to the same hand, regardless of how long the standard was. However, when a spatial factor during motor action (reproduction) was manipulated by letting participants use an identical hand or different hands for two button pushes reproducing the standard, the different-hand condition yielded a shorter reproduced duration than the identical-hand condition when the standard was 1000 ms or more. More specifically, this decrement in the reproduced duration grew linearly with the standard, suggesting that a given space increases the “rate” of an internal timer during motor action. Because each tick of the timer was accelerated, the total error causing an earlier push of the second button was increased with the standard. A pacemaker-counter model was adopted to explain the differences between the perceptual and the motor spatiotemporal interactions.
Distinct disruptions of resting-state functional brain networks in familial and sporadic schizophrenia
Authors: Zhu Jiajia , Zhuo Chuanjun , Liu Feng , Qin Wen , Xu Lixue , Yu Chunshui
Published: April 2016

Clinical and brain structural differences have been reported between patients with familial and sporadic schizophrenia; however, little is known about the brain functional differences between the two subtypes of schizophrenia. Twenty-six patients with familial schizophrenia (PFS), 26 patients with sporadic schizophrenia (PSS) and 26 healthy controls (HC) underwent a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging. The whole-brain functional network was constructed and analyzed using graph theoretical approaches. Topological properties (including global, nodal and edge measures) were compared among the three groups. We found that PFS, PSS and HC exhibited common small-world architecture of the functional brain networks. However, at a global level, only PFS showed significantly lower normalized clustering coefficient, small-worldness and local efficiency, indicating a randomization shift of their brain networks. At a regional level, PFS and PSS disrupted different neural circuits, consisting of abnormal nodes (increased or decreased nodal centrality) and edges (decreased functional connectivity strength), which were widely distributed throughout the entire brain. Furthermore, some of these altered network measures were significantly correlated with severity of psychotic symptoms. These results suggest that familial and sporadic schizophrenia had segregated disruptions in the topological organization of the intrinsic functional brain network, which may be due to different etiological contributions.
Key role of lattice symmetry in the metal-insulator transition of NdNiO3 films
Authors: Zhang Jack Y. , Kim Honggyu , Mikheev Evgeny , Hauser Adam J. , Stemmer Susanne
Published: April 2016

Bulk NdNiO3 exhibits a metal-to-insulator transition (MIT) as the temperature is lowered that is also seen in tensile strained films. In contrast, films that are under a large compressive strain typically remain metallic at all temperatures. To clarify the microscopic origins of this behavior, we use position averaged convergent beam electron diffraction in scanning transmission electron microscopy to characterize strained NdNiO3 films both above and below the MIT temperature. We show that a symmetry lowering structural change takes place in case of the tensile strained film, which undergoes an MIT, but is absent in the compressively strained film. Using space group symmetry arguments, we show that these results support the bond length disproportionation model of the MIT in the rare-earth nickelates. Furthermore, the results provide insights into the non-Fermi liquid phase that is observed in films for which the MIT is absent.
Controlled rotation mechanism of DNA strand exchange by the Hin serine recombinase
Authors: Xiao Botao , McLean Meghan M. , Lei Xianbin , Marko John F. , Johnson Reid C.
Published: April 2016

DNA strand exchange by serine recombinases has been proposed to occur by a large-scale rotation of halves of the recombinase tetramer. Here we provide the first direct physical evidence for the subunit rotation mechanism for the Hin serine invertase. Single-DNA looping assays using an activated mutant (Hin-H107Y) reveal specific synapses between two hix sites. Two-DNA “braiding” experiments, where separate DNA molecules carrying a single hix are interwound, show that Hin-H107Y cleaves both hix sites and mediates multi-step rotational relaxation of the interwinding. The variable numbers of rotations in the DNA braid experiments are in accord with data from bulk experiments that follow DNA topological changes accompanying recombination by the hyperactive enzyme. The relatively slow Hin rotation rates, combined with pauses, indicate considerable rotary friction between synapsed subunit pairs. A rotational pausing mechanism intrinsic to serine recombinases is likely to be crucial for DNA ligation and for preventing deleterious DNA rearrangements.
Graphitic Carbon-Coated FeSe2 Hollow Nanosphere-Decorated Reduced Graphene Oxide Hybrid Nanofibers as an Efficient Anode Material for Sodium Ion Batteries
Authors: Cho Jung Sang , Lee Jung-Kul , Kang Yun Chan
Published: April 2016

A novel one-dimensional nanohybrid comprised of conductive graphitic carbon (GC)-coated hollow FeSe2 nanospheres decorating reduced graphene oxide (rGO) nanofiber (hollow nanosphere FeSe2@GC–rGO) was designed as an efficient anode material for sodium ion batteries and synthesized by introducing the nanoscale Kirkendall effect into the electrospinning method. The electrospun nanofibers transformed into hollow nanosphere FeSe2@GC–rGO hybrid nanofibers through a Fe@GC–rGO intermediate. The discharge capacities of the bare FeSe2 nanofibers, nanorod FeSe2–rGO–amorphous carbon (AC) hybrid nanofibers, and hollow nanosphere FeSe2@GC–rGO hyrbid nanofibers at a current density of 1 A g−1 for the 150th cycle were 63, 302, and 412 mA h g−1, respectively, and their corresponding capacity retentions measured from the 2nd cycle were 11, 73, and 82%, respectively. The hollow nanosphere FeSe2@GC–rGO hybrid nanofibers delivered a high discharge capacity of 352 mA h g−1 even at an extremely high current density of 10 A g−1. The enhanced electrochemical properties of the hollow nanosphere FeSe2@GC–rGO composite nanofibers arose from the synergetic effects of the FeSe2 hollow morphology and highly conductive rGO matrix.
Characteristics and Surgical Outcomes for Primary Malignant Melanoma of the Esophagus
Authors: Gao Shugeng , Li Jiagen , Feng Xiaoli , Shi Susheng , He Jie
Published: April 2016

Primary malignant melanoma of the esophagus (PMME) is an extremely rare disease with poor prognosis. We summarized and analyzed the characteristics of 17 PMME patients (with average age of 57.5 ± 10.3 years) who had received surgical resection in our center. The majority (13/17, 76.5%) of the patients were male. The percentage of patients with smoking and alcohol consumption was 41.2% and 23.5%, respectively. The preoperative diagnosis rate was 35.3%. Lymph node metastasis mainly involved the mid-lower mediastinal and upper abdominal area. Primary tumors that invaded beyond the submucosa layer (T2–T4) had much higher tendency of lymph node metastasis than those restricted to the submucosa layer (T1) (6/8, 75.0% vs. 3/9, 33.3%, p = 0.086). The 1-year and 5-year survival rate of the patients was 51% and 10%, respectively, with median survival time being 18.1 months. Survival analysis showed that TNM stage was a predictor for PMME prognosis (median survival time of 47.3 months vs. 8.0 months for stage I/II vs. stage III, respectively, p = 0.018), and multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed the independence of its prognostic value [HR (95% CI): 5.678 (1.125–28.658), p = 0.035].
Coexpression network analysis of the genes regulated by two types of resistance responses to powdery mildew in wheat
Authors: Zhang Juncheng , Zheng Hongyuan , Li Yiwen , Li Hongjie , Liu Xin , Qin Huanju , Dong Lingli , Wang Daowen
Published: April 2016

Powdery mildew disease caused byBlumeria graminisf. sp.tritici(Bgt) inflicts severe economic losses in wheat crops. A systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in wheat resistance toBgtis essential for effectively controlling the disease. Here, using the diploid wheatTriticum urartuas a host, the genes regulated by immune (IM) and hypersensitive reaction (HR) resistance responses toBgtwere investigated through transcriptome sequencing. Four gene coexpression networks (GCNs) were developed using transcriptomic data generated for 20T. urartuaccessions showing IM, HR or susceptible responses. The powdery mildew resistance regulated (PMRR) genes whose expression was significantly correlated withBgtresistance were identified and they tended to be hubs and enriched in six major modules. A wide occurrence of negative regulation of PMRR genes was observed. Three new candidate immune receptor genes (TRIUR3_13045, TRIUR3_01037andTRIUR3_06195) positively associated withBgtresistance were discovered. Finally, the involvement ofTRIUR3_01037inBgtresistance was tentatively verified through cosegregation analysis in a F2population and functional expression assay inBgtsusceptible leaf cells. This research provides insights into the global network properties of PMRR genes. Potential molecular differences between IM and HR resistance responses toBgtare discussed.
Generation of cloned mice and nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell lines from urine-derived cells
Authors: Mizutani Eiji , Torikai Kohei , Wakayama Sayaka , Nagatomo Hiroaki , Ohinata Yasuhide , Kishigami Satoshi , Wakayama Teruhiko
Published: April 2016

Cloning animals by nuclear transfer provides the opportunity to preserve endangered mammalian species. However, there are risks associated with the collection of donor cells from the body such as accidental injury to or death of the animal. Here, we report the production of cloned mice from urine-derived cells collected noninvasively. Most of the urine-derived cells survived and were available as donors for nuclear transfer without any pretreatment. After nuclear transfer, 38–77% of the reconstructed embryos developed to the morula/blastocyst, in which the cell numbers in the inner cell mass and trophectoderm were similar to those of controls. Male and female cloned mice were delivered from cloned embryos transferred to recipient females and these cloned animals grew to adulthood and delivered pups naturally when mated with each other. The results suggest that these cloned mice had normal fertility. In additional experiments, 26 nuclear transfer embryonic stem cell lines were established from 108 cloned blastocysts derived from four mouse strains including inbreds and F1 hybrids with relatively high success rates. Thus, cells derived from urine, which can be collected noninvasively, may be used in the rescue of endangered mammalian species by using nuclear transfer without causing injury to the animal.
Global priorities for national carnivore conservation under land use change
Authors: Di Minin Enrico , Slotow Rob , Hunter Luke T. B. , Montesino Pouzols Federico , Toivonen Tuuli , Verburg Peter H. , Leader-Williams Nigel , Petracca Lisanne , Moilanen Atte
Published: April 2016

Mammalian carnivores have suffered the biggest range contraction among all biodiversity and are particularly vulnerable to habitat loss and fragmentation. Therefore, we identified priority areas for the conservation of mammalian carnivores, while accounting for species-specific requirements for connectivity and expected agricultural and urban expansion. While prioritizing for carnivores only, we were also able to test their effectiveness as surrogates for 23,110 species of amphibians, birds, mammals and reptiles and 867 terrestrial ecoregions. We then assessed the risks to carnivore conservation within each country that makes a contribution to global carnivore conservation. We found that land use change will potentially lead to important range losses, particularly amongst already threatened carnivore species. In addition, the 17% of land targeted for protection under the Aichi Target 11 was found to be inadequate to conserve carnivores under expected land use change. Our results also highlight that land use change will decrease the effectiveness of carnivores to protect other threatened species, especially threatened amphibians. In addition, the risk of human-carnivore conflict is potentially high in countries where we identified spatial priorities for their conservation. As meeting the global biodiversity target will be inadequate for carnivore protection, innovative interventions are needed to conserve carnivores outside protected areas to compliment any proposed expansion of the protected area network.