bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Taxonomic revision of Myotis emarginatus: detailed morphometric analysis and final evaluation of the evidence (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Authors: Benda Petr , Uvizl Marek
Published: February 2022

The Geoffroy’s bat, Myotis emarginatus, is the only species distributed in the Palaearctic belonging to the African clade of the genus Myotis. It occurs extensively across several ecologic zones of Europe, north-western Africa, and western and central Asia, and hence it was considered to be a polytypic species. Only one subspecies was reported from Europe and North Africa, up to four subspecies were recognised in Asia. However, the validity of particular taxa as well as the systematic positions of different populations remained ambiguous. Here we present a revision of the intraspecific phylogenetic structure of M. emarginatus based on combination of the available results of a molecular genetic analysis with the results of a thorough morphologic examination of an extensive specimen set from almost the whole range of its distribution. The previously described geographic variability in the mitochondrial markers demonstrated grouping of haplotypes of M. emarginatus into three main lineages that occur in (1) the Mediterranean Basin (including central Europe, the Maghreb and Levant), (2) Oman and south-eastern Iran, and (3) northern Iran and West Turkestan. The morphologic comparison uncovered the existence of four main, geographically exclusive morphotypes in M. emarginatus, concerning the body, skull and tooth sizes, and skull and tooth shapes: (1) rather small bats with short rostrum and high braincase, occurring in Europe and north-western Africa; (2) rather medium-sized bats with long rostrum and short braincase from the Levant including Cyprus; (3) large bats with wide and long rostrum from the south-eastern parts of the Middle East, including Oman, south-eastern Iran and eastern Afghanistan, and (4) large bats with narrow and short rostrum, occurring in Crimea, the Caucasus region, and West Turkestan. As a synthesis of the results of both approaches, we suggest to recognise three subspecies within the Myotis emarginatus species rank – M. e. emarginatus (Geoffroy, 1806) distributed in the Mediterranean, central and western Europe, north-western Africa, and in the Levant; M. e. desertorum (Dobson, 1875) in the south-eastern Middle East, including southern Iran, Oman, and Afghanistan; and M. e. turcomanicus (Bobrinskoj, 1925) in the Caucasus region, Crimea, Transcaucasia, and West Turkestan.
Informal Language Learning Through an Online Community: A Netnography-Based Analysis of an L2 Japanese Subreddit
Authors:   Dokkyo University, Dizon Gilbert
Published: February 2022

Studies in computer-assisted language learning (CALL) tend to focus on L2 English, giving relatively less attention to other foreign languages (see S.-M. Lee, 2019; Shadiev et al., 2017). Moreover, few studies have examined the use of the popular online forum Reddit to promote language learning. To address these gaps in the research, this study examined an L2 Japanese subreddit to identify common language-learning behaviors among its members. Combining the netnography approach of Kozinets (2010) and the analytical framework of Isbell (2018), the study found that these subreddit members primarily used the online forum in three ways: 1) to discuss L2 graphological knowledge, 2) to share L2 learning experiences, and 3) to suggest L2 learning resources. However, use of the target language was rare, with 83% of the analyzed comments being solely in English. These results suggest implications for informal L2 Japanese learning and highlight the potential of online communities for fostering L2 learning and engagement. CALL分野の研究においては、第二言語としての英語学習に焦点が当てられることが多く、その他の外国語が注目されることは比較的少ない（Lee 2019、Shadiev et al. 2017参照）。また、ソーシャルニュースサイトRedditがその人気の高さにもかかわらず、その語学学習目的での使用について調査した研究はほとんどない。そこで本研究では、Redditにおける一般的な語学学習行動について理解するため、第二言語としての日本語をテーマにしたsubreddit（Reddit内の交流のためのフォーラム）を調査した。Kozinets (2010) のネトノグラフィの手法とIsbell (2018) の枠組みを組み合わせて分析した結果、オンラインコミュニティのメンバーはこのsubredditを、(1) 目標言語（日本語）の表記法についての議論、(2) 学習体験の共有、(3) 学習教材の提案、という3つの用途で使用していることが明らかになった。しかし学習の目標言語である日本語を使用することはまれで、分析したコンテンツの83%は英語のみで書かれていた。この調査結果は、授業外日本語学習への影響を示唆し、第二言語学習への取り組みを促進させるオンラインコミュニティの可能性を浮き彫りしている。
ETHNOGRAPHIES ON WEDDING CEREMONIES IN UZBEK LANGUAGE
Authors:   Department Of Linguistics: English Language 2nd Course Student Of Master's Degree, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Komilova Gulbahor
Published: February 2022

Ethnographies are core example of national exoticism. They can also be called exotic vocabulary. The Uzbek language is rich in ethnography. This is due to the fact that they live in different areas and have cultural ties with different people. As globalization intensifies, people who seek to preserve the language, customs, and culture of their minority and pay special attention to ethnography and ethnolinguistics.
THE ROLE OF SEMANTICS IN LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE
Authors:   Graduate Of Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Karimova Muslima
Published: February 2022

In second language acquisition, semantics assumes a heightened position of importance in regards to achieving target levels of competence. Assuming that the target competence is equal to a native-speaker's, a non-native speaker will never fully reach a native level of semantic competence. The ways that L1 semantics can affect L2 semantics is an area of interest in both cognitive and generative linguistics. Research from both perspectives is valuable to evaluate semantics at the lexical and syntactic level.
STRUCTURAL AND SEMANTIC CHARACTERISTICS OF PROVERBS
Authors:   Senior Teacher, Faculty Of Foreign Languages, Fergana State University, Uzbekistan, Sotvaldieva Hilola Musinovna
Published: February 2022

This paper is devoted to the analysis of semantic and structural features of some English proverbs. The equivalents of some proverbs in a target language are given for interpreting them in the other language to find out several important innovative ways of translation and contrasting their peculiarities in the English and Uzbek languages. The results and examples of this paper can help to distinguish some differences in the meanings of the English and Uzbek proverbs and to learn some peculiarities of them.
SOME COMMENTS ON THE AMUDARYA
Authors:   Candidate Of Philological Sciences, Associate Professor, Termez State University, Termez, Uzbekistan, Yakibov Sharif
Published: February 2022

The article highlights different names of the Amudarya’s crossings and their role in our ancestors lives. The toponyms Burdaguy, Pardaguy and Alguy located on the right bank of the Surkhan oasis Amudarya have been etymologically analyzed.
The kleineWeltentdecker App - A smartphone-based developmental diary
Authors: Daum Moritz M. , Bleiker Marco , Wermelinger Stephanie , Kurthen Ira , Maffongelli Laura , Antognini Katharina , Beisert Miriam , Gampe Anja
Published: February 2022

Today, a vast number of tools exist to measure development in early childhood in a variety of domains such as cognition, language, or motor, cognition. These tools vary in different aspects. Either children are examined by a trained experimenter, or caregivers fill out questionnaires. The tools are applied in the controlled setting of a laboratory or in the children’s natural environment. While these tools provide a detailed picture of the current state of children’s development, they are at the same time subject to several constraints. Furthermore, the measurement of an individual child’s change of different skills over time requires not only one measurement but high-density longitudinal assessments. These assessments are time-consuming, and the breadth of developmental domains assessed remains limited. In this paper, we present a novel tool to assess the development of skills in different domains, a smartphone-based developmental diary app (the kleineWeltentdecker App, henceforth referred to as the APP (The German expression “kleine Weltentdecker” can be translated as “young world explorers”.)). By using the APP, caregivers can track changes in their children’s skills during development. Here, we report the construction and validation of the questionnaires embedded in the APP as well as the technical details. Empirical validations with children of different age groups confirmed the robustness of the different measures implemented in the APP. In addition, we report preliminary findings, for example, on children’s communicative development by using existing APP data. This substantiates the validity of the assessment. With the APP, we put a portable tool for the longitudinal documentation of individual children’s development in every caregiver’s pocket, worldwide.
The telltale sentence structure
Authors: Vaskó Ildikó , Kovács Nikoletta
Published: February 2022

Students at the Department of Scandinavian Studies begin their studies without prior knowledge of Danish / Norwegian / Swedish, so intensive emphasis is given to language acquisition in the first year. Our research is based on the processing of results of a written basic exam in Norwegian (A2 language level) from the last eight years.

The aim of the research is to find an answer to the questions which areas cause the greatest challenges and what methods can be used to overcome the given language difficulties. The impact of Hungarian as a mother tongue and the already known foreign languages ​​(English, German) on learning Norwegian is also investigated. Effective development of language skills, especially in this first year, is essential for students ’successful future studies.

The present research is supported by CAF theories (Complexity, Accuracy, Fluency) in investigating syntactic complexity (see Skehan 1998; Ellis 2009; Berggreen, H.; Sørland, K. 2016).
Diseño y desarrollo de máquina de desgaste tipo pin on ring
Authors: Campuzano-García Jesús Ángel , Braulio-Sánchez Mariano , Díaz-Medina José David , González-Durán José Eli Eduardo , Durán-Reséndiz Pedro
Published: February 2022

Se desarrolló una máquina de desgaste del tipo Pin On Ring, bajo la norma ASTM G99-17 (ASTM Int', 2018), que permite realizar ensayos mediante un procedimiento de laboratorio para determinar el desgaste de materiales. Las máquinas de desgaste tipo Pin On Ring requieren realizar pruebas a la pieza bajo ciertas condiciones como lo son: la velocidad de giro y la carga aplicada. En la máquina presentada se pueden manipular y controlar la velocidad de giro y la carga aplicada, gracias a que se incorporan los elementos necesarios para variar la velocidad del giro del motor, esto se logra a través de un variador de frecuencia, además se desarrolló un mecanismo de aplicación de carga que permite aplicar la carga deseada durante el ensayo, esta carga es medida gracias a una celda de carga que cuantifica la cantidad aplicada durante la prueba. Durante el ensayo se genera un incremento de temperatura entre las superficies, el cual se puede medir y observar su comportamiento en el panel de control de la máquina de desgaste mediante un sensor tipo k.  Es posible obtener la tasa de desgaste de los materiales en contacto de manera automática, debido a que la instrumentación incorporada en la maquina permite calcular la distancia recorrida, con lo que se obtiene una idea del comportamiento del material bajo ciertas condiciones de trabajo.
On Variability and Dynamics in Linguohistorical Aspect (Based on Middle High German Manuscripts)
Authors: Ягупова Л.Н.
Published: February 2022

Статья продолжает цикл публикаций автора об именном словообразовании средневерхненемецкого языка. Она фокусируется на исследовании префиксальных имен существительных с after- на материале корпуса аутентичных рукописей, представляющих разные типы и жанры текста, временные отрезки и диалектные ареалы. Основными принципами исследования являются динамика развития системы словообразования в течение всего средневерхненемецкого периода и вариативность, обусловленная географическим и частично жанровым факторами. Прослеживаются пути становления и развития, направление изменений в области префиксального именного словообразования с after- в средневерхненемецкий период и в целом в истории немецкого языка.

This article continues the author’s publications on the noun derivation of the Middle High German. It focuses on the investigation of prefix nouns with after- on the basis of a corpus of authentic manuscripts which represent different types and genres of texts, time periods and dialectal areas. The main principles of the investigation are the dynamics of word-building system development during all the Middle High German period and the variability caused by geographical and, partly, genre factors. There have been traced ways of formation and development, tendencies of prefix nouns word-building changes in Middle High German and generally in history of the German language.
Precedent Onyms in Political Discourse (based on the Material of the German Language)
Authors: Буркова Т.А.
Published: February 2022

В статье раскрываются особенности функционирования прецедентных онимов в немецкоязычном политическом дискурсе. В работе рассматриваются существующие подходы к пониманию термина «прецедентность», отмечается разнообразие подходов к данному понятию, описываются уровни прецедентности, выявляются типы прецедентных онимов (антропонимы, топонимы, мифонимы, библионимы, имена литературных персонажей) и анализируются их функции в немецкоязычном политическом дискурсе. Среди наиболее важных отмечаются прагматическая, оценочная, эвфемистическая.

The article reveals the features of the functioning of precedent onyms in the German-Language political discourse. The success of political actions, election results, the politician’s further political career, etc. may depend on his/her choice of language means. The paper examines a variety of approaches to interpreting the term “precedent”, levels of precedent are described. The author identifies types of precedent onyms as anthroponyms, toponyms, mythonyms, biblionyms, names of literary characters and analyses their functions in the German-Language political discourse. Among the most important are the pragmatic, evaluative, and euphemistic functions.
On the Adequacy of Translating Novels in the Engaged Literature Genre (illustrated by the translation of A. Anzerova’s novels “Am Weißen Meer” and “Aus dem Land der Stummen”)
Authors: Поликарпова Е.В.
Published: February 2022

В настоящей статье комментируется формула соотношения синтеза эмоционально-образного и рационально-познавательного отражения действительности в романах жанра мемуарной литературы. В статье отмечается, что переводчик сохраняет при переложении романов А. С. Арсеньевой с немецкого на русский язык не только исторический, но и искусствоведческий интерес. Большое значение придается анализу командной работы переводчиков, комментарию переводческих успехов и ошибок. Важным представляется анализ содержания и формы оригинала текста как с точки зрения возможной переводческой трудности, так и с литературоведческой точки зрения.

This article comments on the formula of synthesis of emotional and figurative and rational-cognitive reflection of reality in the novels of the genre of memoir literature. The article points out that the translator renders both the historical authenticity and the stylistic flavour of the original novels written in German by A. Anzerofa (the pen-name of A. S. Arsenyeva). Thanks to rich descriptions of history, appearance, meaning of artifacts, church utensils, sacral buildings of different types, church vestments, nuances of divine services, refinements of church ranks, through the description of actual events and heroic actors, the translation becomes a kind of literary encyclopedia of the original, clarifying topics which are important for patriarchal Russia related to religious studies and religion. In the article great importance is given to the analysis of the teamwork of translators, commenting on the translation successes and mistakes. It is important to analyse the merits of the original text, both in terms of possible provocation of translation failures, and from the literary point of view.
Framework For a Collective Definition of Regenerative Agriculture in India
Authors: Olsson Shannon , Ameen Minhaj , Bajpai Saransh , Gudasalamani Gravikanth , Gajjar Chirag , Gupta Srajesh , Hvilshøj Søren , Krishnakumar Jyotsna , Lobo Crispino , Mukherjee Rohan , Naik Abhayraj , Raghavan Ajay , Singh Hansika , Subaharan Kesavan
Published: February 2022

The concept of regenerative agriculture has received increasing attention worldwide as a method to restore and conserve natural resources while maintaining crop productivity. However, there remains a lack of consensus as to what conditions define regenerative agriculture, making it difficult for decision-makers, researchers, the agricultural sector, and the public to adopt regenerative agriculture practices. Here, we present the initial process to create a unified, cross-sectoral definition for regenerative agriculture in India that considers the viewpoints of multiple stakeholders and addresses the current challenges faced by the Indian agricultural sector. To this end, we compiled interactions with individuals from across India to identify the most pressing concerns for India’s human and environmental ecosystems. We conducted over 30 hours of workshops to discuss these concerns with 50 experts from five sectors and four countries.
Features of building hybrid simulation models in Actor Pilgrim
Authors:   Branch of the National Research University ", Bulygina Olga V. ,   MPEI",   in Smolensk, Vlasova Ekaterina A. ,   Synergy University
Published: February 2022

In recent years, simulation has been actively used to study socio-economic processes in order to test various management decisions (for analyzing risks, projects, regional processes, logistics, etc.). Today, three simulation systems (Actor Pilgrim, AnyLogic, GPSS World), each of which has its own areas of application, are the most widespread in Russia. So, the system Actor Pilgrim is most suitable for modeling socio- economic processes. The first version of this system was developed by a group led by Professor Alexander Anatolyevich Yemelyanov more than 35 years ago to solve experimental problems in the direction of "Flexible automated production". It was based on a new modeling paradigm, which was built on the actor-network theory. The transition to solving new problems, primarily in the economics, led to the need for its further system development through the implementation of temporal, financial and spatial dynamics. Currently, the system development is carried out through the construction of hybrid simulation models, which is associated with the introduction of various analysis methods. So, when modeling actual technical and economic processes (for example, import substitution of high- tech products), it is proposed to use artificial intelligence methods that allow you to get informed decisions in conditions of information uncertainty. Models that include fuzzy logic methods and swarm algorithms (in particular, bacterial optimization) have shown good results. For example, fuzzy logic methods have been used to assign "fair" priorities to option projects through a detailed analysis of the factors of the internal and external environment of enterprises that will implement them. Bacterial optimization algorithms have been used to search for "promising" areas for the implementation of the projects of import substitution of high-tech products. These swarm algorithms are distinguished by the ability to simultaneously study favorable and negative factors, i. e. allow taking into account various risk situations. The modern version of Actor Pilgrim is intended for systems analysts, economists-mathematicians and other professionals who are familiar with programming, but are not professional programmers.
Comparison of mathematical models of the dynamics of electrically charged gas suspensions for various concentrations of the dispersed component
Authors:   Federal State Budgetary Institution of Sciences ", Tukmakovkov Dmetry A. ,   Kazan Scientifi Center of Russian Academy of Sciences"
Published: February 2022

This work is devoted to mathematical modeling of the dynamics of inhomogeneous electrically charged media. A dusty environment - solid particles suspended in a gas – was considered as an inhomogeneous medium. The mathematical model implemented a continuous approach to modeling the dynamics of inhomogeneous media. The complete hydrodynamic system of equations was solved for each component. The system of equations for the dynamics of each component included the equations of mass continuity, momentum components, and the energy conservation equation for the mixture component. Intercomponent interaction took into account momentum exchange and intercomponent heat transfer. The carrier medium was described as a viscous compressible heat-conducting gas. The flow was described as a flow with a two- dimensional geometry. The equations of the mathematical model were supplemented with initial and boundary conditions. The mathematical model took into account the wall viscosity in the channel. The system of equations of the mathematical model was integrated by McCormack's explicit finite-difference method. To obtain a monotonic grid function, a nonlinear scheme for correcting the numerical solution was used. The mathematical model was supplemented by the Poisson equation describing the electric field formed by charged dispersed particles. Poisson's equation was integrated by finite-difference methods on a gas-dynamic grid. Such a choice of the computational grid was necessary to calculate the concentration of particles required both for solving the electric field equation and for calculating the physical fields of the dynamics of inhomogeneous media. The reciprocal motion of a gas suspension caused by the movement of dispersed particles under the action of the Coulomb force was numerically investigated. The values of the surface and mass densities are determined, at which the models of the surface and mass densities of charges in the simulation of such a process are the same. It is revealed that the surface and mass models of charges are identical with respect to the volumetric content.
Estimasi Konsentrasi Emisi CO2 Produksi Karet Menggunakan Metode Dispersi Gaussian
Authors: Fitri Yulia , Putra Wirman Shabri , Yulis Rahma , Sita Widara Laras
Published: February 2022

Inventarisasi Gas Rumah Kaca (GRK) sangat penting diterapkan setiap industry maka perlu untuk menghitung konsentrasi CO2 dari aktivitas industri. Menghitung konsentrasi CO2 menggunakan model Dispersi Gaussian dan Matlab.  Matlab yang dibangun pada penelitian ini dapat menghitung konsentrasi CO2. Nilai Kesalahan (error) perhitungan Matlab dengan perhitungan excel adalah dibawah 1 % dengan nilai error konsentrasi CO2 sebesar 0,0005 %. Konsentrasi CO2 yang dihasilkan PT. Hervenia Kampar Lestari tertinggi pada jarak 0,015 km dengan nilai rata-rata dari bulan Juli-Desember sebesar 13,671 kg CO2/bulan dan nilai pertahun yang dihasilkan sebesar 0,164 ton CO2/tahun.
Thermal expansivity of NaCl and KCl at high temperatures
Authors:   Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 209305, India, Tewari Sumiti Narayan , Shukla Anita ,   Pranveer Singh Institute of Technology, Kanpur, 209305, India
Published: February 2022

A new mathematical equation for temperature dependence of thermal expansivity of Alkali halides (NaCl and KCl) has been developed for high temperatures. This relation is used to calculate thermal expansivity of NaCl and KCl for temperature range 350K to 750K along with available values of melting temperature. The results obtained are compared with available data. A good agreement between calculated and available data verifies the validity of obtained relation
Issue of pendency of cases in Indian courts and way forward
Authors:   Vice Principal, Professor& Head, Dept. of Business Laws, Ness Wadia College of Commerce, Pune – 411 001(India), Chaudhary Dr. Prakash N , Barbate Dr. Vikas A ,   Associate Professor, ASM’s Institute of Professional Studies, Pimpri, Pune-4110018 (India), Chaudhary Adv. Owi P ,   Advocate, District and Sessions Court, Pune (India)
Published: February 2022

Delay defeats the justice’ is the well-known saying in the legal arena. Indian judiciary is severely burdened due to large number of pending cases. Delay in justice delivery system creates sense of insecurity in the minds of citizens. Judiciary is one of the very important pillars of the democratic society to dispense the justice to the needy. “Justice Delayed is Justice Denied” is another fact of the society. There are various reasons of delay in disposal of cases in Indian Courts. Problem of pendency of cases is a matter of concern for entire judicial system in the Country. This article tries to identify the reasons of delay in disposal of cases in the Indian courts and suggest probable solutions to resolve the issue of pendency. Effective use of alternative disputes mechanism and proactive measures by all stakeholders to curb the delay in the legal proceedings would help to save time during the actual conduct of the case and justice delivery system can become more effective resulting into timely disposals of cases thereby ensuring faith of fellow citizens in the judicial administration
Public Sector Financial Management and Economic Growth Sustainability in Nigeria: 1986 to 2020
Authors: Anyanwu Felicia Akujinma , Ananwude Amalachukwu Chijindu
Published: February 2022

The Nigerian experience with public sector finance management demonstrates fiscal irresponsibility. In Nigeria, the public sector is comprised of the Federal, State, and Local governments, as well as parastatals and organizations that provide public goods and services. Nigeria's public sector, with its diverse financing sources, plays a critical role in economic management via the creation and execution of economic policies, efficient budgeting and planning targeted at attaining domestic and external balancing goals. The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of public sector financial management on the sustainability of economic development in Nigeria. The research examined the influence on real gross domestic product of total federally collected income and total government spending. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique was used to analyze data spanning the years 1986 to 2020. To begin, the findings indicate that there is no long-run association between public sector financial management and the sustainability of economic development in Nigeria. Second, overall federal revenue was shown to have a positive association with real gross domestic product. Thirdly, public sector financial management has no discernible influence on the sustainability of economic development in Nigeria. This report recommends that the ideal of sound public sector financial management be embraced in order to strengthen the sustainability of economic development in Nigeria via an effective, efficient, and transparent public account management system.
Foreign Direct Investment and Economic Growth: Empirical Assessment of the Nigerian Economy (1986 – 2019)
Authors: Umezurike Chinedu Maurice , Ananwude Amalachukwu Chijindu , Mbanefo Patrick Amaechi
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of foreign direct investment on the growth of the Nigerian economy. The Autoregressive Distributive Lag (ARDL) technique was used to analyze data spanning the years 1986 to 2019. The preliminary findings of the ARDL suggested that foreign direct investment and economic development in Nigeria had a long-run link. According to the stated finding, foreign direct investment has a considerable positive link with the rate of real gross domestic product growth. Similarly, total exports are positively correlated with the pace of real gross domestic product growth. On the other hand, total non-oil imports and exchange rates show a considerable negative association with the pace of real GDP growth. The Granger causality test indicated that foreign direct investment inflows into Nigeria had no discernible influence on the growth rate of real gross domestic product throughout the study period. Similarly, the pace of real gross domestic product growth is not greatly impacted by the quantity of total exports, total non-oil imports, or exchange rate fluctuations. This report suggested that trade obstacles be removed, particularly those imposed by customs and port officials. Structural trade-oriented policies should be implemented to stimulate economic growth in Nigeria through increased exports in order to attract additional investors and strengthen the country's output growth rate.
THE TRADE-OFF BETWEEN CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY AND COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE: A BIFORM GAME MODEL
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyang , Tan Justin , Zhong Shuxin
Published: February 2022

This paper uses a biform game model to study firms’ trade-offs between corporate social responsibility (CSR) and competitive advantage. We focus on the context in which a competitive advantage may lead to a non-profitable scenario. It is possible that the first mover’s investment in competitive strength may deter itself from the market, which encourages firms’ investment in CSR over competitive strength. As a result, in some circumstances, firms may actively choose a CSR strategy over a competitive strategy. Our results show that (1) technological characteristics, (2) industrial structure, and (3) institutional environments are factors that influence the rational equilibrium of our model and the balance between competitive advantage and CSR. The mechanism and boundary on how firms make trade-offs between CSR activities and competitive strength are exhibited by our model, which provides a framework for decision-making and adds new insights into the strategic balance between market and non-market strategies.
Functional Data Analysis for Extracting the Intrinsic Dimensionality of Spectra: Application to Chemical Homogeneity in the Open Cluster M67
Authors: Patil Aarya A. , Bovy Jo , Eadie Gwendolyn , Jaimungal Sebastian
Published: February 2022

High-resolution spectroscopic surveys of the Milky Way have entered the Big Data regime and have opened avenues for solving outstanding questions in Galactic archeology. However, exploiting their full potential is limited by complex systematics, whose characterization has not received much attention in modern spectroscopic analyses. In this work, we present a novel method to disentangle the component of spectral data space intrinsic to the stars from that due to systematics. Using functional principal component analysis on a sample of 18,933 giant spectra from APOGEE, we find that the intrinsic structure above the level of observational uncertainties requires ≈10 functional principal components (FPCs). Our FPCs can reduce the dimensionality of spectra, remove systematics, and impute masked wavelengths, thereby enabling accurate studies of stellar populations. To demonstrate the applicability of our FPCs, we use them to infer stellar parameters and abundances of 28 giants in the open cluster M67. We employ Sequential Neural Likelihood, a simulation-based Bayesian inference method that learns likelihood functions using neural density estimators, to incorporate non-Gaussian effects in spectral likelihoods. By hierarchically combining the inferred abundances, we limit the spread of the following elements in M67: Fe ≲ 0.02 dex; C ≲ 0.03 dex; O, Mg, Si, Ni ≲ 0.04 dex; Ca ≲ 0.05 dex; N, Al ≲ 0.07 dex (at 68% confidence). Our constraints suggest a lack of self-pollution by core-collapse supernovae in M67, which has promising implications for the future of chemical tagging to understand the star formation history and dynamical evolution of the Milky Way.
The Importance of Being Interpretable: Toward an Understandable Machine Learning Encoder for Galaxy Cluster Cosmology
Authors: Ntampaka Michelle , Vikhlinin Alexey
Published: February 2022

We present a deep machine-learning (ML) approach to constraining cosmological parameters with multiwavelength observations of galaxy clusters. The ML approach has two components: an encoder that builds a compressed representation of each galaxy cluster and a flexible convolutional neural networks to estimate the cosmological model from a cluster sample. It is trained and tested on simulated cluster catalogs built from the Magneticum simulations. From the simulated catalogs, the ML method estimates the amplitude of matter fluctuations, σ
8, at approximately the expected theoretical limit. More importantly, the deep ML approach can be interpreted. We lay out three schemes for interpreting the ML technique: a leave-one-out method for assessing cluster importance, an average saliency for evaluating feature importance, and correlations in the terse layer for understanding whether an ML technique can be safely applied to observational data. These interpretation schemes led to the discovery of a previously unknown self-calibration mode for flux- and volume-limited cluster surveys. We describe this new mode, which uses the amplitude and peak of the cluster mass probability density function as anchors for mass calibration. We introduce the term overspecialized to describe a common pitfall in astronomical applications of ML in which the ML method learns simulation-specific details, and we show how a carefully constructed architecture can be used to check for this source of systematic error.
Phylogeny and biogeography of the unique snakefly genus Alena Navás, 1916 (Raphidioptera: Raphidiidae)
Authors: Martins Caleb Califre , Aspöck Horst , Aspöck Ulrike , Contreras-Ramos Atilano
Published: February 2022

The genus Alena Navás, 1916, is considered the most distinct genus of Raphidiidae, because of the uncommon shape of its male genital sclerites and its geographic distribution restricted to the southwestern U.S.A. and western Mexico. Herein, we present a new species of the subgenus Aztekoraphidia U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1970, – Alena (Aztekoraphidia) alanaesp. nov. Based on this discovery we present a detailed morphological study and the first morphological phylogeny of Alena. Our results recover this genus as monophyletic, including the subgenus Aztekoraphidia as sister to a clade composed by the other two monotypic subgenera, Alenas.s. Navás, 1916, and Mexicoraphidia U. Aspöck and H. Aspöck, 1970. We also provide a hypothesis about the biogeographic history of the group, which advocates that species of Alena are strongly associated with central Mexico and their ancestors were probably widely distributed through western North America in the past, of which only a few small groups survived in glacial refuges.
Applicability of NeQuick G ionospheric model for single-frequency GNSS users over India
Authors: Siri Lakshatha K ,   Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Greenfields, Vaddeswaram, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India, Venkata Ratnam D , Sivakrishna K
Published: February 2022

The major source of error in the positioning of GNSS is from the region of Ionosphere. The single-frequency GNSS receiver cannot eliminate the ionospheric error due to dispersive medium and frequency-dependent. The low-cost GNSS receivers are highly dependent on single-frequency approaches of Ionosphere region popularly known as Klobuchar, NeQuick G, and BDS2 methods to estimate the data of position, velocity and time. The regional satellite navigation system of India, known as Navigation with Indian Constellation (NavIC) adopted ionospheric models based on single-frequency namely, Klobuchar and grid-based correction models. The Klobuchar modelos accuracy is less for predicting ionospheric delays in low latitude regions like India under Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA) conditions. In this paper, the NeQuick G modelos applicability for NavIC users over the Indian region is investigated. NeQuick G modelos performance is validated with dense GPS TEC network data of 26 stations spread across India and IRI-2016 model, during 2014, 2015 and 2016. The predicted TEC results indicate that EIA structures are well captured by NeQuick G and IRI-2016 models. The results indicate that both NeQuick G and IRI-2016 models well predict season asymmetry and decrease of TEC intensity due to descending phase solar cycle activity. It is found that NeQuick G is one of the contenders of single frequency ionospheric models for GNSS/NavIC users in India.
Modified inertial Ishikawa iterations for fixed points of nonexpansive mappings with an application
Authors: Hammad Hasanen A. ,   Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag 82524, Egypt, Almusawa Hassan ,   Department of Mathematics, College of Sciences, Jazan Univesity, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia
Published: February 2022

This manuscript aims to prove that the sequence $ \{\nu _{n}\} $ created iteratively by a modified inertial Ishikawa algorithm converges strongly to a fixed point of a nonexpansive mapping $ Z $ in a real uniformly convex Banach space with uniformly Gâteaux differentiable norm. Moreover, zeros of accretive mappings are obtained as an application. Our results generalize and improve many previous results in this direction. Ultimately, two numerical experiments are given to illustrate the behavior of the purposed algorithm.
Unicity of solution for a semi-infinite inverse heat source problem
Authors: Deng Zui-Cha ,   Department of Mathematics, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China, Yang Liu
Published: February 2022

A semi-infinite inverse source problem in heat conduction equations is considered, where the source term is assumed to be compactly supported in the region. After introducing a suitable artificial boundary, the semi-infinite problem is transformed into a bounded one and the corresponding exact expression of the boundary condition is derived. Then we rigorously prove the uniqueness of the solution of original problem, together with the stability of the corresponding optimal control solution.
Efficacy of monetary policy in a currency union? Evidence from Southern Africa's Common Monetary Area
Authors: Seoela Bonang N. ,   Public Affairs Bureau, Idaho Department of Labor, Boise, Idaho, USA
Published: February 2022

The Common Monetary Area (CMA) agreement has effectively granted the South African government sole discretion over monetary policy and implementation in the region. The effectiveness of this arrangement has long been under discussion given the heterogeneity of member countries. This paper uses a structural vector autoregressive (SVAR) to examine the efficacy of the interest rate channel in the CMA. Specifically, our analysis uses data from 2000M1-2018M12 to examine how economic output, inflation, money supply, domestic credit, and lending rate spread for each member country respond to shocks in the South African repo rate. The main findings indicate that a positive shock to the South African repo rate has a statistically significant negative impact on economic output and a positive effect on inflation at the 10 percent level for all countries in the CMA. The results also show that money supply, domestic credit, and lending rate spread respond asymmetrically across members countries.
In-depth Correlation Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 Effective Reproduction Number and Mobility Patterns: Three Groups of Countries
Authors: Ould Setti Mounir , Tollis Sylvain
Published: February 2022

Objectives: Many governments have imposed—and are still imposing—mobility restrictions to contain the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. However, there is no consensus on whether policy-induced reductions of human mobility effectively reduce the effective reproduction number (Rt) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Several studies based on country-restricted data reported conflicting trends in the change of the SARS-CoV-2 Rt following mobility restrictions. The objective of this study was to examine, at the global scale, the existence of regional specificities in the correlations between Rt and human mobility.Methods: We computed the Rt of SARS-CoV-2 using data on worldwide infection cases reported by the Johns Hopkins University, and analyzed the correlation between Rt and mobility indicators from the Google COVID-19 Community Mobility Reports in 125 countries, as well as states/regions within the United States, using the Pearson correlation test, linear modeling, and quadratic modeling.Results: The correlation analysis identified countries where Rt negatively correlated with residential mobility, as expected by policymakers, but also countries where Rt positively correlated with residential mobility and countries with more complex correlation patterns. The correlations between Rt and residential mobility were non-linear in many countries, indicating an optimal level above which increasing residential mobility is counterproductive.Conclusions: Our results indicate that, in order to effectively reduce viral circulation, mobility restriction measures must be tailored by region, considering local cultural determinants and social behaviors. We believe that our results have the potential to guide differential refinement of mobility restriction policies at a country/regional resolution.
Misel večnega vračanja v Nietzschejevem zvezku M III.
Authors: Bunta Aleš
Published: February 2022

Članek je prvenstveno študija Nietzschejevih neobjavljenih fragmentov iz obdobja pomlad – jesen 1881, v katerih je Nietzsche prvič vpeljal svojo misel večnega vračanja enakega. V prispevku si zastavljam dva cilja: prvi cilj je razlaga Nietzschejevih tez o večnem vračanju, ki so bile v tej fazi še presenetljivo jasne in koherentne. In drugi cilj je: v samih teh tezah poskusiti poiskati pojasnilo njihovega bodočega molka. Z drugimi besedami, prispevek je raziskava razmerja med tezami, ki jih je Nietzsche razvil leta 1881, in knjigo Tako je govoril Zaratustra, ki se, po Nietzschejevih lastnih besedah, opira na te teze kot na svojo »temeljno misel«, a jih, kljub temu, nikoli v celoti ne razkrije. Obe smeri raziskave vodita do zaključka, da jedro Nietzschejeve vpeljave ideje večnega vračanja tvori njegov pojem Einverleibung, oziroma utelesitev. Analiza namreč pokaže, da srž Nietzschejevega prizadevanja okoli misli večnega vračanja ni v tem, kako je to misel mogoče jasno artikulirati znotraj zavesti, temveč prej, kako jo izoblikovati na način, ki bi omogočal, da bi postala nezaveden instinkt, ki bi postopoma lahko spodrinil »utelešene zmote«, katere od znotraj obvladujejo naše mišljenje.
Rousseau, Nietzsche in vprašanje srca
Authors: Kumar Voranc
Published: February 2022

Rousseau in Nietzsche sta filozofa, med katerima le stežka vzpostavimo dialog, ki bi izhajal neposredno iz njunih del in vendar se med njunima filozofijama spletajo povezave ali, rečeno z Nietzschejem, perspektive, ki odpirajo skupno vprašanje: vprašanje vrednotenja. A na kaj se nanaša vrednotenje, na katero vrednost oziroma na vrednost česa se nanaša? Pokazati želimo, da gre za vrednotenje sedanjika v katerem se izvaja mišljenje, ki se vrača kot spomin tako kontinuitete sledi, kot njenih prekinitev. Vendar spomin se vrača bodisi kot resentiment in volja po maščevanju, torej samonegacija spomina, ki nikdar ni adekvaten, bodisi kot afirmacija tega, ki se spominja in tega, kar se v spominu vrača, vključno z diskontinuitetami. Kot odgovor na ta problem Rousseau iznajde proto-pojem srca, ki se v bolj ali manj pojmovni obliki pojavlja tako v njegovih avtobiografskih kot politično teoretskih delih, ne da bi mu Rousseau kdaj deklariral mesto v svoji filozofiji. Trdimo, da srce pridobi svojo pojmovnost šele ko ga prepoznamo kot centralni in plastični princip njegove misli, ki strukturno ustreza Nietzschejevi volji do moči. Slednjo Deleuze označi za plastični princip Nietzschejeve filozofije, kot princip vrednotenja in prevrednotenja vrednot in kot princip vrednotenja tega, kar se more in mora vračati v mišljenju.
The Ethical Perception of Engineering Students Who Have Never Participated in the Ethics Curriculum
Authors: Hanh Nguyen Van , Long Nguyen Tien
Published: February 2022

Existing studies on the ethical perception of engineering students is based on observations among students who have been exposed to ethical courses in engineering schools. Whether the students have never been exposed to engi-neering ethical curriculum, can they perceive the specific ethical standards (such as the NSPE Code of Ethics) that apply to engineers? It is also not clear about the factors affecting the ethical perception of those students? This study aims to provide clarity in this area by examining the ethical per-ception of students who have never been exposed to engineering ethical cur-riculum. The results of quantitative analysis from survey data with 654 Vi-etnamese engineering students showed that the students have a positive per-ception of specific ethical standards that apply to engineers. Finally, the Pearson correlation analysis, exploratory factor analysis, and linear regression analysis are used to examine the effect of students 'characteristics (such as gender, student year, GPA, voluntary blood donation of students, students' opinion on technology) on the ethical perception of engineering students.
A Novel Scheme for Malicious Nodes Detection in Cloud Markets Based on Fuzzy Logic Technique
Authors: Alsarhan Ayoub , Al-Ghuwairi Abdel-Rahman , Alshdaifat Esra'a , Idhaim Hasan , Alkhawaldeh Omar
Published: February 2022

Cloud security vulnerabilities have recently become more prevalent around the world, posing a threat to cloud service providers' (CSPs) ability to respond to client demands. In cloud market, the requests are announced by the client nodes to their CSP. A malicious node can alter a client's request, resulting in the next cloud market collapse, decreased reliability, and data leaking.To identify malicious nodes in the cloud market, a novel fuzzy multiple criterion decision making scheme is suggested. Authentication test, trust level, traffic size, and node activity levels are all taken into consideration simultaneously as the major criteria for identifying malicious nodes. For each node, the CSP uses fuzzy Integral to generate a composite value based on these criteria. The malicious node is then removed from the cloud market using this composite value. The simulation results demonstrated the potential of the proposed method to prevent nodes in the cloud market from running malware or software that can be used to degrade quality of service by exhausting resources in the cloud market.
User Experience Design on Visualization of Mobile-Based Land Monitoring System Using a User-Centered Design Approach
Authors: Setiyawati Nina , Dwi Purnomo Hindriyanto , Mailoa Evangs
Published: February 2022

The use of information and communication technology could increase the quantity and quality of agricultural production, including horticulture. This study focuses on the development of a mobile-based interface that makes it easier for farmers to view the data obtained from the results of land monitoring. In designing mobile devices, applications, and user interfaces, it is important to consider the user experience. This paper focuses on UX design which is which is based on User-Centered Design approach that focuses on user needs and prioritizes empathy for users, so as to accommodate the identification of user needs and produce high fidelity pro-totypes. Based on the System Usability Scale and the User Experience Questionnaire testing on the prototype, it was found that the level of acceptance of horticultural farmers was positive with the level of the value of all UX elements above the average