bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
WACANA PEMILIHAN PUTERI INDONESIA: PENOLAKAN DAN PEMBELAAN TANGGAPAN WARGANET
Authors: Rahmatika Laily , Laila Malikatul , Wahyudi Agus Budi
Published: February 2021

Social media are online features to get information and to express the positive and negative response for warganet. The case of the Election of Miss Indonesia 2020 is the form of rejection and defense responses. This study aims to describe the variatios of negative and positive sense warganet response in the Election of Miss Indonesia 2020 which mispronounced Pancasila. There are two variation of data: First, 53 forms of negative warganet responses. Second, 45 forms of positive responses. Data sources are 98 warganet responses on instagram.  Data were collected through reading and taking note. Theoretical triangulation is used to validate the data.  The analysis method uses distributional and referential identity and pragmatics. The results show the form of rejection and defense responses. First, negative sense responses as warganet’s rejection. Second, positive sense responses as warganet’s defense.
MEMBANGUN KARAKTER BANGSA MELALUI PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA
Authors: Jazeri Mohamad , Turrofiah Ilmia
Published: February 2021

Character building is one of the main goals in education. In addition to educating the nation, education is also expected to be the right instrument in character building, both theoretically and practically. A nation that has good character is a nation that implements noble values that grow from the nation itself in various aspects, economic, social, cultural, and also political aspects. There are many media that can be used in building national character, one of which is through learning Indonesian. The purpose of writing this article is to determine the role of the Indonesian language as a medium in instilling the character of the Indonesian nation. The method in this research is descriptive qualitative method with literature study. Data was collected using documentation techniques, namely collecting several research articles on the role of Indonesian language learning in instilling character values. The data analysis found (1) the implementation of Indonesian language learning as an effort to build national character (2) Indonesian language learning is able to foster a national spirit, (3) Indonesian language learning is able to foster a sense of love for the country. This paper discusses the meaning of the word "peace" in the phrase "at peace with COVID". Determination of meaning is based on the context of the phrase "at peace with COVID" or a contextual meaning. Based on the context of the situation, the word peace in the phrase "at peace with COVID" does not mean making an agreement with each other, or stopping to attack each other as in the KBBI. Rather, it means trying to adjust to the new situation so that you can feel peace.
INTERNASIONALISASI BAHASA INDONESIA MELALUI EKSPOSE VISUAL CERITA DAERAH MENGGUNAKAN KOMIK DIGITAL BILINGUAL
Authors: Umaya Nazla Maharani
Published: February 2021

This article discusses the use of digital comics as a medium of Indonesian language internationalization. Some things that are part of the study are the analysis of global Indonesian digital comics, the opportunity for space in developing digital comics as a medium of massive communication between language and language users, the use of regional wealth in Indonesia as a bearer of Identity, and visual exposure of regional stories as strategies Internationalization of Indonesian. The method of analysis uses exploratory studies with literature reviews, aimed at exploring digital world space and opportunities for the internationalization of Indonesian through the use of a wealth of language, literature and culture. The benefits of this are providing a basic foothold in supporting further research on the potential of literary and cultural languages in internationalizing Indonesian. The use of digital technology that is becoming popular has become a great opportunity for the development of various strategies. The results of the study in the form of key points as a key application of the strategy of internationalization of Indonesian by utilizing the local wealth of the work of the Indonesian people conceptually.
PENGETAHUAN TENTANG TUHAN DALAM TEKS SERAT SASTRA GENDHING
Authors: Werdiningsih Yuli Kurniati , Andrian Setia Naka
Published: February 2021

This study aims to describe the knowledge of God in the text of Serat Sastra Gendhing.This research is a qualitative type. The source of the research data is Serat Sastra Gendhing text editing. The research data are words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that contain knowledge about God in the text of Serat Sastra Gendhing. Data is collected through a classification process; identification; inventory. Data were analyzed by hermeneutic studies through methods of reduction, interpretation, and conclusions. The results of research in the form of knowledge about God contained in the text of Serat Sastra Gendhing as follows. God is in rasa, God is known in the union between rasa and pangrasa, knowledge of God involves all aspects of human beings. Knowledge about God is not only reflected in worship, but also in the rasa, pikiran, and perbuatan that implement the attributes of God.
ANALISIS TINDAK TUTUR DIREKTIF PADA FILM KELUARGA CEMARA KARYA YANDY LAURENS
Authors: Oktapiantama Herlingga , Utomo Asep Purwo Yudi
Published: February 2021

Permasalahan yang dibahas dalam penelitian ini adalah tindak tutur direktif yang berfungsi mendorong lawan tutur melakukan tindakan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan 15 bentuk analisis tindak tutur direktif dialog langsung pada film Keluarga Cemara. Terdapat 28 data yang berkaitan dengan tindak tutur direktif. Metode dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan teoritis dan metodologis. Pengambilan data berasal dari tuturan dalam bentuk dialog antar tokoh. Dengan adanya penelitian ini, diharapkan pembaca mampu memahami maksud tuturan melalui tindakan penutur pada film Keluarga Cemara.
BAHASA PENGANTAR PEMINJAMAN UANG MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG MANTEN KECAMATAN KOTA PAMEKASAN
Authors: Sjafii Nanang Ahmad Dahnan
Published: February 2021

Bahasa memiliki peranan yang penting dalam komunikasi. Komunikasi membutuhkan prinsip kerja sama yang baik. Namun, tidak semua kerja sama itu terjadi dengan baik dan lancar karena para pelaku komunikasi mengutarakan maksudnya dan ada pula yang tidak secara langsung mengutarakan maksud yang sebenarnya. Salah satu alat komunikasi yang senantiasa menyembunyikan maksudnya ialah perlokusi. Penelitian ini bertujuan memberikan gambaran tentang bahasa yang digunakan dalam meminjam uang. Peneliti menggunakan metode deskriptif untuk menganalisis data dan metode analisis dokumen untuk menganalisis dokumen yang telah terkumpul. Untuk memudahkan proses penganalisaan data, peneliti menggunakan metode transliterasi (menterjemahkan) data yang ada ke dalam bahasa Indonesia. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bentuk kata-kata atau ujaran guna menarik simpati pemberi pinjaman, tindakan memberikan sesuatu kepada pemberi pinjaman, serta gesture (konteks) yang mendukung maksud yang diinginkan oleh peminjam uang.
Pakistan and the Afghan Crisis
Authors: Belokrenitsky V.
Published: February 2021

The author highlights an almost unprecedented growth of Pakistan’s population. He believes that the population census of 2011, unfinished due to some home policy reasons, gives a true picture of the demographic upsurge encompassing primarily north-western and western periphery of Pakistan. The population explosion results in the six-fold increase in less than 70 years averaging 3% annually. This phenomenon combined with ecological problems worsening in the Indus basin, which constitutes the heartland of the country, augurs not well for the future. At the present stage of globalization, Pakistan experiences the increasing out-migration of labor force, mainly to the Middle East. The rapid growth of private transfers from abroad amounting to almost a half of the export earnings can be considered an asset for the economy. The negative side of globalization is revealed in the slowing pace of industrial development due to low internal demand. Investments in the energy sector and infrastructure were lagging behind because the ruling political-cum-military circles neglected them. The author distinguishes between the upper crust of politics and its lower tier. The latter is dominated by the landed (feudal) aristocracy and tribal chiefs. Their power in the vast semi-desert areas to the west from the Indus basin is being now challenged by Islamic militants of different shades and sects. The spread of Islamists is traced to the influence of the long Afghan civil war on Pakistan. Analyzing the today’s Afghan crisis the author considers three scenarios, one of which is favorable for the present regime in Afghanistan while the other two are unfavorable envisaging the return of the Taliban to power or the actual fragmentation of Afghanistan. The last scenario foresees the talibanization of Afghanistan’s South and East, with its West and central part tilting towards Iran, North – towards Central Asia, and a generally unpredictable interplay of Islamic and counter-Islamic forces and factions throughout the country. The author refers to the economic cooperation between Pakistan and Russia as a factor, which can contribute to Pakistan’s and indirectly Afghanistan’s progress and stability.
EU Energy Policy on Shale Gas and Other Unconventional Fossil Fuels
Authors: Pashkovskaya I.
Published: February 2021

The article presents a study of the EU energy policy regarding the exploration and production of shale gas and other unconventional fossil fuels using high-volume hydraulic fracturing, which the European Commission has developed since 2011. The author gives answers to the following questions: what are the factors making it inevitable for the EU to work out special energy policy in this sphere, and what is the essence of this policy; what the European Commission considers to be positive results of the EU energy development; what is the energy-related sore point of the EU economy? The European Commission activity for constructing the basis of the EU energy policy in the above-mentioned sphere was provoked and stimulated by the shale gas revolution – spectacular success of the USA and a number of countries, which followed them, in enhancing their national energy security due to the implementation of advanced technologies in shale gas exploration and extraction. In 2012–2013, the European Commission hold an online public consultation “Unconventional Fossil Fuels (e.g. Shale Gas) in Europe” which addressed relevant stakeholders representing oil and gas industry, national and local authorities, environmentalists, geologists, scientists, experts in industrial risks, and was aimed at taking account of their concerns and views on the shale gas production in the EU Member States in its upcoming work. According to the consultation results, a large majority of all respondents share the view that «the EU should take some action: "doing nothing" was the least favored option, ... and… there are important information needs associated with unconventional fossil fuels exploration and extraction, and… potential challenges should be addressed with appropriate measures». In 2014, the European Commission, stimulated by the support of public at large, activated its efforts and presented initiatives laying down the foundations of the EU energy policy in the sphere of shale gas and other unconventional fossil fuels exploration and production in the EU Member States.
Indonesia as an Example of Modernization
Authors: Prozorovskii A.
Published: February 2021

Indonesia has made significant modernization breakthrough in the 70-90-ies of the twentieth century which brought the country into a number of second-generation NICs. A variety of factors contributed to this success. First, a huge assistance of Western countries to the “New order” of Suharto, because of its anti-communist orientation. Second, the combination of import substitution and export of raw materials (oil, gas, wood). Third, the economic policy of creating industrial conglomerates operating in a wide range of industries. And at last, the maintenance of political stability, ensured by the dominance of military and intelligence agencies which played a significant role in the home policy and, also, a kind of flexible personal policy of the president. The system of bureaucratic capitalism, which existed in the country, strengthened during the years of Suharto. Balancing between the interests of different groups of military, political and business elite, Suharto for a long time kept the emerging conflicts in the “cold” condition. Thus gradually a large proportion of the Indonesian industry and finance concentrated in the hands of the president's relatives and his friends from the military, government officials and Chinese entrepreneurs. As a result, the success of modernization was too obviously intertwined with the welfare of the "family", and stability – with the preservation of an authoritarian regime. The Asian financial crisis of 1997–1998 not only weakened the economic position of Indonesia, but also led to the collapse of the Suharto’s "new order". It took almost ten years to return to its previous level of development. Democratic reforms and change of elites, which happened in this period, allowed to maintain the integrity of the country and gave an impetus to the transition from bureaucratic capitalism to oligarchic capitalism. However, the role of the state, in its renewed, more democratic forms, still stays significant in Indonesia. It has to solve a lot of problems, ranging from the struggle against corruption and the manifestations of separatism, to weakening inevitable growing imbalances in the course of modernization.
Iran and Sanctions: Limits of Self-Reliance
Authors: Yurtaev V.
Published: February 2021

The article considers the problem of external validity of sanctions as a tool to influence the state based on the principles of Shia Islam and self-reliance. The Obama administration significantly increased the political component of pressure in an attempt to find the “pain points” of the regime of the Islamic Republic. One of such points is a threat to be isolated in relation to such powers as Russian Federation and People’s Republic of China. In 2010, Tehran de facto started to use nuclear factor to log into the world politics. Therefore, the “atomic diplomacy” of Iran turned to be a rather unexpected result of the tightening of foreign sanctions. In this situation the West led by the USA embarked on a strategy of escalating sanctions as the most important instrument of pressure on Tehran. Finally, the system of sanctions was formed at the following levels: the restrictions imposed by the UN Security Council (resolutions of 2006–2010); the sanctions imposed by several groups of countries (EU and others); the unilateral sanctions of certain countries (USA). The evaluation of the effectiveness of sanctions is very difficult as far as Iran does not publish relevant information. So the only plausible assumptions can be made through the analysis of the bilateral trade and economic relations of Iran with other countries. Generally, the example the Islamic Republic of Iran which was under foreign sanctions since 1979 shows that only after the introduction of tiered sanctions, created the system of multivector effects on the Iranian economy, the sanctions’ impact has become a fairly significant factor that influenced the position of the Iranian leadership on the nuclear issue.
United Nations: Redefining Goals
Authors: Bobylev S. , Solovyeva S.
Published: February 2021

One of the main UN Summit 2015 outcomes is the adoption of global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) built on achievements of the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) to guide the path of sustainable development in the world after 2015. World leaders gathered at the United Nations to take responsibility for the implementation of 17 Sustainable Development Goals – a truly universal and transformative global development agenda. The article analyzes main common features and distinctions of SDGs and MDGs. It addresses priorities for the 2030 Agenda on Sustainable Development and primary SDG targets. The SDGs are intended to go beyond the MDGs and apply in general terms to all countries, including developed states, emerging economies and developing countries. At the same time, examining the main achievements of MDGs on national and international levels, the authors stress their importance. SDGs provide a framework for every country to create focused and effective implementation strategies and plans within its own domestic context. The article demonstrates the importance for Russian Federation under its UN obligations to elaborate two documents: Sustainable Development Strategy of the Russian Federation and the 2030 SDGs adapted to national priorities. The authors develop main principles of SDGs adaptation to national priorities, conditionally dividing them into two groups: "internal" (combating poverty, education, health, sustainable production and consumption) – Russia has to realize them drawing on its own potential, and "external" (combating climate change, enhancing a global partnership for sustainable development) – Russia can play an important role in the world coordinating with other countries. The article, while demonstrating the importance of climate change issues for Russia after weather and climatic anomalies caused huge social, economic and ecological damages, discusses possible economic tools, such as carbon taxes, introducing the price of carbon, Stock Exchange for carbon trading. The article investigates two large components of global partnership support in international policy of the Russian Federation: financing the assistance to the international development, and forgiveness of considerable debts to developing countries. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared within the Russian Scientific Foundation Project No. 15-17-30009.
World Financial System: Globalization or Deglobalization?
Authors: Arkhipova V.
Published: February 2021

The paper investigates the current phases of world financial system’s (WFS) development that was identified on the base of Obstfeld-Taylor index describing international capital movement. It is shown that in order to differentiate the main periods of WFS life-cycle one should investigate the first and the second waves of financial globalization. The respective analysis mainly includes comparison of financial deglobalization/globalization process evidences in the wake of global financial crises. On the one hand, almost all global financial markets (except global currency market) demonstrated downturns and/or sharp slowdowns in overall performance during 2007-2009. For example, global banking demonstrated the “flight home” effect. On the other hand, the author consolidated the analysis of the pre-crisis and 2010-2014 financial data, geographical changes in global credit market, global currency market’s dynamics during 2004-2013, shadow banking and VIX-index trends, initiatives on global financial reforms. This showed that the financial world is not becoming deglobalized in medium-term perspective. Moreover, according to author’s research, financial globalization currently undergoes a deep systemic transformation, including a wider geography of its main driving forces. Still, it is not excluded that deglobalization trend is possible in a long-run perspective because of global financial crisis lasting since 2007, persistence of “contagion effect” and deeply linked multiple financial bubbles in the world financial system, high volatility of financial and some other markets. It is supposed that once started processes of deglobalization can be immediately transferred from financial sphere to the world economy. Finally, author outlines necessary conditions for continuing evolutionary financial globalization process. Acknowledgements. The article was prepared with support of the grant of Russian Fund for Humanities (Project № 15-02-00391 “Russian monetary and budgetary policy during current phase of global economic development”).
Sustainable (un)Development
Authors: Fomin M.
Published: February 2021

Scope of research: the triad of Russia’s sustainable development up to 2035 (economic, social and environmental issues). The given period is expected to be marked by significant instability, both in relations between different nations and between different groups inside nations, such as proponents and opponents of modernization, or groups promoting dissimilar ideas and forms of modernization. In addition, – and this is a point on which almost all open-access analytical papers and forecasts concur, – in this period, the world will face various challenges including: depletion of natural resources (primarily hydrocarbons); critical level of anthropogenic stress in a number of countries; overpopulation and increased consumption in developing countries; food security risks; continued desertification and fresh water shortages; higher risks of man-made disasters as well as new infections and epidemics. This paper proposes two scenarios for Russia’s environmental situation development up to 2035. According to the first scenario, titled “Black Hole”, Russian authorities will not pay sufficient attention to sustainable development and, for that matter, efficient use of natural resources and environmental security, even though the country’s energy sources will start to wane. According to the second scenario, titled “Era of Real Changes”, issues of socioeconomic development, energy security and environmental pollution will attract more and more attention at all government levels. All types of environmental pollution will become taxable, which will urge polluters to embrace best available techniques/technologies (BAT). In conclusion, the author provides an analysis of this research outcomes and emphasizes the key role of timely BAT incorporation to keep industries alive and enable sustainable development of the country. The importance of a decentralized federal system of governance is also highlighted, whereby environmental issues can and must be addressed, in the first place, at the regional level. Finally, the author has devised the first ever principles for a new sustainable development model – “Honest development”.
Расчeт течения газа в нанокапилляре с учeтом кнудсеновской диффузии и проскальзывания
Authors: Нестерова Ирина Сергеевна , Nesterova Irina Sergeevna , Герке Кирилл Миронович , Gerke Kirill Mironovich
Published: February 2021

Традиционные коллекторы нефти и газа, используемые для добычи углеводородов, частично исчерпаны, и мировой энергетический рынок присматривается к новым нетрадиционным источникам энергии. Ресурсы сланцевого газа в мире составляют по некоторым оценкам до 200 трлн.м$^3$, но только малая часть является извлекаемыми запасами с точки зрения современных технологий. Детальное понимание сланцевой петрофизики необходимо для оценки допустимой добычи. В настоящей работе мы проводим сравнение популярной эмпирической модели Джавадпура и прямых расчетов течения газа в нанокапилляре. Исследование произведено для диапазона режимов течения от течения Стокса до свободного молекулярного течения. Хотя в целом эмпирическая модель всегда дает более высокие предсказания в сравнении с расчетами, эти различия минимальны для пор радиусом $\sim$ 1-20 нм. В диапазоне радиусов пор $\sim$ 20-1000 нм результаты двух подходов могут различаться в разы. С учетом полученных данных можно смело утверждать, что прямое моделирование нанофильтрации может послужить значительным уточнением при моделировании нанофильтрации в сеточных моделях, так как вместо эмпирических моделей для круглых нанокапилляров мы можем использовать расчеты для пор любой конфигурации. В дальнейшем будет проведено более глубокое исследование, в том числе в модели неидеального газа, а также в геометрии реальных пор, полученных экспериментально из геологических образцов, что позволит достоверно параметризовать сеточные модели нанофильтрации.
О повышении устойчивости комбинированной схемы разрывного метода Галеркина
Authors: Ладонкина Марина Евгеньевна , Ladonkina Marina Eugenievna , Неклюдова Ольга Александровна , Neklyudova Olga Aleksandrovna , Остапенко Владимир Викторович , Ostapenko Vladimir Viktorovich , Тишкин Владимир Федорович , Tishkin Vladimir Fedorovich
Published: February 2021

Предложена специальная модификация комбинированной схемы разрывного метода Галеркина, повышающая устойчивость этой схемы при расчете разрывных решений с ударными волнами. Эта модификация связана с добавлением в базисную
схему, входящую в данную комбинированную схему, искусственной вязкости четвертого порядка дивергентности. Приведены тестовые расчеты, демонстрирующие
преимущества новой комбинированной схемы по сравнению со стандартными монотонными вариантами разрывного метода Галеркина.
Методика деформации неструктурированных сеток в задачах определения аэродинамических характеристик тел при малых перемещениях
Authors: Бобков Владимир Георгиевич , Bobkov Vladimir Georgievich , Вершков Владислав Александрович , Vershkov Vladislav Aleksandrovich , Козубская Татьяна Константиновна , Kozubskaya Tatiana Konstantinovna , Цветкова Валерия Олеговна , Tsvetkova Valeriya Olegovna
Published: February 2021

Представлена методика деформации неструктурированной гибридной сетки для моделирования течения около твердых тел, совершающих малые движения по заданным извне законам или под действием аэродинамических сил. Метод основан на использовании вспомогательной стренд-сетки, «привязанной» к ограниченной области расчетной сетки. Вдоль каждого стренда решается одномерная задача сжатия-растяжения с целью обеспечения гладкого изменения размера сеточных элементов. Расчетная сетка в области пограничного слоя остается неизменной. Эффективность метода продемонстрирована на решении двумерных и трехмерных задач по моделированию обтекания изолированных подвижных тел простой конфигурации. Методика реализована в комплексе программ NOISEtte.
SISTEMA PARA EL CONTROL DE INVENTARIOS EN LA EMPRESA “INVERSIONES NOVILLO DE ORO S.A.S”
Authors:   Corporación Universitaria Republicana, Trujillo Leon Jefferson Andrey
Published: February 2021

El presente trabajo de investigación tiene como propósito desarrollar una propuesta para el manejo de inventarios en la Empresa “INVERSIONES NOVILLO DE ORO S.A.S” ubicada en la ciudad de Bogotá D.C., toda vez que sus procesos y procedimientos no cuentan con una caracterización bajo los criterios de las normas internacionales de información financiera, lo que se traduce en riesgos contables generados por la ausencia de un sistema de control interno que los detecte y reduzca a un nivel financieramente aceptable, de tal manera que, urge emplear una herramienta que no solo permita la eficiente gestión de los inventarios, sino que satisfaga las necesidades propias de la entidad. Teniendo en cuenta que no cualquier método para el control de inventarios cumple con estos requisitos, dada la existencia de otros modelos comúnmente usados como el promedio ponderado y el costeo ABC; ahora bien, estos métodos son empleados en sectores industriales, entre tanto, el caso en particular como el que nos ocupa se centra en el sector terciario o de servicios, puntalmente el gastronómico, es importante recordar que, las empresas de este sector se distinguen por una rotación diaria de sus inventarios, especialmente los que requieren mayor control como los perecederos o por lo menos un control especifico, puesto que fácilmente podrían llevarse como un gasto, razón por la cual es el objeto de esta investigación que pretende sugerir el modelo PEPS con el ánimo de evitar costos innecesarios y reducir los desperdicios, en relación a la administración de los recursos, que bien sabemos son escasos.
ESTRATEGIAS PARA EL FORTALECIMIENTO DE LA ENSEÑANZA Y APRENDIZAJE DE LA MULTIPLICACIÓN EN EL GRADO TERCERO DE LA IED JULIUS SIEBER DE TUNJA
Authors:   Universidad Pedagogica Tunja, Daza Herrera Rocio del Pilar
Published: February 2021

La investigación realizada presentó como centro de interés el aprendizaje de la multiplicación, a partir de la implementación de una estrategia didáctica, aplicada a niños de grado tercero de Básica Primaria. Se tuvo en cuenta que para los niños es de vital importancia ser protagonistas de su propio conocimiento, es decir, cuando ellos se sienten involucrados en el diseño de las estrategias, se sienten motivados por el aprendizaje que viene en camino. El propósito estuvo enfocado a implementar estrategias pedagógicas mediadas por la lúdica, el juego y la cotidianidad, para contribuir en el aprendizaje de la multiplicación de los estudiantes del grado tercero de educación básica de la Institución Educativa Julius Sieber de la ciudad de Tunja. La metodología implementada estuvo enfocada en lo cualitativo, con tipo investigación acción, con el desarrollo de cuatro fases. Entre los resultados se percibe que, los niños se divirtieron con la estrategia, debido a la motivación que tuvieron con el uso del computador; los que tenían acceso a esta herramienta. Los que desarrollaron la estrategia en el cuaderno, se divirtieron, porque las situaciones problema enunciadas hicieron parte de su cotidianidad; en el mismo sentido, la reflexión docente acerca del proceso de elaboración, aplicación y reflexión de la estrategia, por parte del docente, enriquece los procesos.
Testing hypotheses on signatures of precipitation variability in the river and floodplain deposits of the Paleogene San Juan Basin, New Mexico, U.S.A.
Authors: Zellman Kristine L. , Plink-Björklund Piret , Fricke Henry C.
Published: February 2021

Much progress has been made in recent years towards a set of recognition criteria for river discharge variability in river channel deposits, and thus sedimentary proxies for precipitation variability. Despite this progress, there is currently no consensus on how different styles of discharge variability are reflected in river sedimentary records, and whether variable-discharge river records from different climate types can be distinguished. Herein, river discharge and precipitation variability in the Paleogene is investigated using associations between river channel and floodplain deposits across the Paleocene–Eocene boundary from the Paleocene upper Nacimiento Formation and the early Eocene San Jose Formation in the San Juan Basin, New Mexico, USA.

The succession is identified as deposits of variable-discharge river systems based on shared channel-deposit characteristics with modern and ancient variable-discharge river systems and the proposed facies models, in addition to alternations of poorly drained and well-drained floodplain deposits and/or slickensides indicating alternating wet–dry cycles. A long-term stratigraphic trend toward increasingly well-drained floodplain deposits is also observed and hypothesized to indicate successively more arid conditions from the Paleocene into the early Eocene. Comparisons with modern rivers from various climate zones suggest a long-term shift from a monsoonal climate in the Paleocene, to a fluctuating subhumid climate, ultimately leading to semiarid to arid conditions in the early Eocene. These observations suggest that floodplain deposits may be a better indicator of ambient climate, whereas channel deposits are records for frequency and magnitude of high-intensity precipitation events. Therefore, the existing facies models for variable-discharge rivers that consider only channel facies may not capture critical information needed to make accurate interpretations of paleoclimatic conditions. This study also adds to a growing body of evidence from geologic records of mid-latitude Paleogene river systems suggesting increases in the magnitude or variability of river discharge coinciding with established climate perturbations.
Modelling and Optimisation of Flow Control Valves Case Study From the Greater Burgan Field, Kuwait
Authors: Al-Hussaini Mustafa , Al-Kandari Hamad , Kurma Ravi , Burman Kishore Jyoti , Al-Fadhli Wuroud M. , Al-Ali Abdulmuhsen Yousef , Xu Rong , Yaser Muhammad , Ibrahim Muhammad
Published: February 2021

This paper describes a dynamic modelling and optimization study to investigate the viability of deploying intelligent completions for well management in a mature oilfield in order to mitigate the challenges of increasing water cut and rapid diminishing of surface locations for new wells across the Greater Burgan field. Reservoir simulation is used to assess the potential benefits of installing Flow Control Valves (FCVs) in a candidate well, to control production from multiple reservoir zones.

A representative sector model is defined around the candidate well, to include surrounding wells that could influence its flow behaviour. Reservoir properties are extracted from a fine-scale geological realization and updated using current well logs. Sensitivity studies are performed to determine the appropriate size and grid design for simulation. The well is planned to be completed across six producing reservoir zones with a single tubing and an Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP). In the optimization strategy, the FCV aperture openings are adjusted over the lifetime of the well, to maximize the Net Present Value, while meeting operational and strategic constraints.

The robustness of the forecast outcomes are highly dependent on the quality of reservoir characterization. A sector model large enough to represent the effects of reservoir heterogeneities and interference from other wells, was used. The efficient optimization workflows used here can be generalized for similar analyses of other wells and other fields.

The optimized results demonstrate that installation of FCVs can help to meet the simultaneous objectives of boosting oil production while reducing water production. This is achieved by choking back the deeper high-water production zones to accelerate oil production from the upper high oil saturation zones, while also targeting offtake to induce the shallower low-pressure zone to deliver more. The large initial capital outlay, comprising the equipment and service cost of the FCV installation is fully offset within the first year of production, post installation.

This study highlights the significant upside benefits for the management of complex brown fields such as the Greater Burgan by adopting smart well completion strategy. Improving well production performance, and supporting multi-zone completions, should also enable reduction of well counts for fields with existing high well density and lack of surface space to accommodate many new dispersed wells.
Liner Deployed Flow Control Devices in SAGD Infill Producers
Authors: Hardcastle Michael , Holmes Ryan , Abbott Frank , Stevenson Jesse , Tuttle Aubrey
Published: February 2021

Connacher Oil and Gas has deployed Flow Control Devices (FCDs)on an infill well liner as part of a Steam Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) exploitation strategy. Infill wells are horizontal wells drilled in between offsetting SAGD well pairs in order to access bypassed pay and accelerate recovery. These wells can have huge variability in productivity, based on several factors:

variable initial temperature due to variable steam chamber development and initial mobility variable injectivity from day one limiting steam circulation and stimulation significant hot spots during production that limit drawdown of the well and oil productivity

FCDs have shown great value in several SAGD schemes and are becoming common throughout SAGD applications to manage similar challenges in SAGD pairs, but their application in infill wells is less prevalent and presents a novel challenge to design and evaluate performance. This case study will examine the theory, operation, and early field results of this field trial.

Density-based FCDs designed for thermal operations were selected to minimize the impact of viscous fluids commonly encountered early in cold infill well production. The design also limited steam outflow during the stimulation phase, where steam is injected in order to initiate production of the well.

Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data, pressures and rates are utilized to analyze the impact of the FCDs towards conformance of the well in the early life. The value of FCDs has led to further piloting of this technology in a second group of nine infill wells, where further value is to be extracted using slimmer wellbores.
Effect of Specimen Length on Structural and Sealability Evaluation of Tubular Connections in HPHT and Thermal Wells
Authors: Xie Jueren
Published: February 2021

Premium connection designs are typically evaluated and qualified to broadly adopted industry standards, such as ISO 13679 (2019) and API RP 5C5 (2017) procedures for testing casing and tubing connection in High Pressure and High Temperature (HPHT) wells up to temperatures of 180°C, and ISO/PAS 12835 (2013) for testing casing connection in thermal wells that experience temperatures from 180°C to 350°C. The primary focus of these qualification protocols is to evaluate the sealing capacity and structural integrity of the candidate connection design under loads representative of the conditions that the connection will experience through the well's life cycle.

The test specimens consist of the coupling and the pipe segments on both sides of the coupling. While it may be desirable to evaluate test specimens with lengths equal to that of the field product to capture the temperature, pressure and mechanical loads on the specimen, it is advantageous to limit the length for purposes including handling and controlling the size and cost of the evaluation program. It has been observed that the test results can be affected by the specimen length, so the proper selection of specimen length is a key aspect of these evaluation programs. Current test protocols provide the requirement of a minimum unsupported length for allowing the tests to simulate the strain localization condition. On the other hand, if the unsupported length exceeds a critical value, the test specimens may experience lateral buckling, and preventing buckling adds complexity and cost to the test program. No guidelines have been given in the protocols on the maximum pup length requirement for preventing lateral buckling. Therefore, a better understanding of the impact of specimen length is warranted in order to achieve more reliable and accurate results from the testing program.

This paper presents an investigation of the effect of specimen length on the structural integrity and sealability of premium connections based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA). Parametric FEA was completed to determine the impact of specimen length for several sizes of a generic premium connection design under API RP 5C5 (2017) HPHT well and ISO/PAS 12835 (2013) thermal well conditions. Based on the analysis results, recommendations are made to improve and enhance the guidelines for identifying a suitable specimen length for the test component of an evaluation program.
P-PLE: Practical Product Line Qualification
Authors: Hamilton Andrew
Published: February 2021

Traditional casing connection qualification programs provide confidence in performance, but at a high price. Manufacturer driven evaluations can be overly conservative in order to minimize development costs and allow the results to be applied to a wide range of applications. Evaluations by operators, either independent or in collaboration with manufacturers, can be customized to achieve the minimum amount of risk possible unique to design. Either option may limit the application of the data and can be costly to supplement.

Utilizing prior data to compliment an evaluation will reduce scope, minimizing time and cost, but little formal guidance exists as to how to do this. Workgroups, such as the Product Line Evaluation (PLE) for Thermal Well Connections have created extensive guidance as to how to apply previous work to connection families, yet this remains confidential to the work group. Standards, such as ISO/PAS 12835 formally address the use of previous data in an evaluation, but do not offer guidance as to how to apply it. EVRAZ NA has experience working with clients to develop programs that combine existing data with benchtop/FEA based testing to minimize cost and risk. In this paper, examples of these evaluations will be discussed with the techniques used. This will demonstrate how confidence was built while not only saving time, but critically, cost to achieve an acceptable level of risk.
Single and Multi-Phase Flow Loop Testing for Characterization and Optimization of Flow Control Devices Used in SAGD: The Effect of Viscosity and Gas-to-Liquid Ratio on Tool Performance
Authors: Yusuf Yishak , Roostaei Morteza , Soroush Mohammad , Rosi Giuseppe , Berner Kelly , Tegegne Nathan , Mohammadtabar Farshad , Izadi Hossein , Zhu Da , Mahmoudi Mahdi , Fattahpour Vahidoddin , Nobes David S.
Published: February 2021

The design of Flow Control Devices (FCDs) requires performance data of an FCD’s internal nozzle under a wide range of flow scenarios. The current study specifically considers the effect of nozzle diameter and wall profile on the induced pressure loss, and subsequently the recovery performance of an FCD.

For this study, a flow measurement facility is developed to test the performance of different orifice/nozzle geometries. The flow of single- and two-phase fluid at various flow rates and mass fractions, is experimented. The pressure drop data from the experiments is used to produce performance curves that characterize pressure loss across the geometries. The pressure loss for two-phase flows are compared to their single-phase counterparts to characterize the performance of the tested geometries in the two scenarios.

A detailed protocol for performance testing of FCDs is followed as per Advanced Well Equipment Standard (AWES: recommended practice3362). The testing protocol was utilized to characterize the performance of different FCDs geometries under single- and two-phase flow conditions.

The results showed the pressure loss characteristic obtained from the flow loop experiments match the corresponding theories. The study has thus provided promising results for the successful application of direct flow loop testing to obtain reliable data which can be used in FCD design, performance investigation, and reservoir simulation.
Investigating the Performance of Various FCD Geometries for SAGD Applications
Authors: Gohari Kousha , Ortiz Julian , Abraham Anson , Moreno Oscar Becerra , Irani Mazda , Nespor Kristian , Sanchez Javier , Betancur Andres , Bilic Jeromin , Duong Khoi , Bashtani Farzad
Published: February 2021

Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) is a complex process that often requires more control relative to conventional applications during production operations. Flow Control Devices (FCDs) have been identified as one of the technologies that offer improved downhole steam utilization and injection/production efficiency. The first FCD completions, with a helical geometry, were installed in SAGD wells at the ConocoPhillips Surmont project over a decade ago. The installations have shown improved steam chamber conformance and reduced steam-oil ratio (SOR) while accelerating bitumen production. Since then, various FCD geometries have been investigated and used, with several of them explicitly designed with a steam blocking capability. This study used a numerical simulator to investigate the performance of these various FCD geometries.

This comprehensive study started testing several geometries in a flow loop and using the data obtained to develop a mechanistic model to characterize the flow performance of the FCDs and finally evaluating their performance in a holistic manner via a numerical simulator.

By using mechanistic modeling, it was ensured that the performance of the devices was accurately represented, and the physics of the process were considered. The analysis used a commercially available numerical simulator to evaluate the performance of the various FCD geometries in SAGD operation. Three sector models representing different reservoir qualities observed in Surmont were used for the analysis. Additionally, various operating strategies were investigated for each sector model to ensure that a comprehensive understanding of each FCD geometry was achieved.

The results of this study showed that FCD flow resistance setting or nozzle size played a significant role in the production performance of the wells in liner deployed FCD applications. Additionally, the steam blocking geometries resulted in increased cumulative production and lower SOR relative to other geometries. The FCD geometry did also impact the development of the steam chamber.

Nevertheless, if the FCD completions are configured with the proper flow resistance setting or nozzle size, they provide a proactive measure, which leads to significantly better performance compared to a non-FCD completion. With lower subcool, the geometry of the FCD has a greater impact on the performance of the well. It was also confirmed that an aggressive operating strategy results in better performance of the FCD completions.
Analysis of the Performance of Various Well Liner Completion Strategies in Surmont
Authors: Gohari Kousha , Ortiz Julian , Nespor Kristian , Sanchez Javier , Betancur Andres , Irani Mazda , Bashtani Farzad , Sabet Nasser , Ghannadi Sahar , Abraham Anson , Bilic Jeromin , Becerra Moreno Oscar
Published: February 2021

ConocoPhillips operates Surmont, which is the first Steam-Assisted Gravity Drainage (SAGD) project to implement Flow Control Devices (FCDs) in producer wells. This study was conducted to evaluate the production performance of different liner completion strategies. The analysis compared well pairs completed with slotted liners (SL) to producers completed with FCDs, both liner deployed (LD-FCD) and tubing deployed (TD-FCD), and investigated the impact of FCDs in injectors.

An extensive analysis was conducted using available production and temperature data along the wells. The wells were completed using various fixed-resistance FCD settings, while some wells were completed using variable setting designs. As time went on, several of the slotted liner producer wells were retrofitted with tubing-deployed FCD completions. One of the key objectives of the study was to determine the success rate of tubing-deployed FCDs and their performance relative to liner-deployed FCD wells. Another objective was to evaluate the impact of retrofitting slotted liner SAGD injectors with tubing-deployed FCD completions.

In this study, a grading system was established based on the reservoir quality along the well for both injector and producer. For similar graded well pairs, LD-FCDs had better production performance than TD-FCDs. Considering similar graded reservoir quality, FCDs consistently performed better than slotted liners, in both conformance and production acceleration. The production analysis showed that the FCD flow restriction was a major controller of the conformance, but considering the self-choking phenomenon of the reservoir, most FCDs can perform positively in different circumstances. In this study, the self-choking effect of the liquid pool is discussed and explained for different reservoirs and variable subcool.

Generally, if erosion is not a factor, FCDs can create a more controlling system than liquid-pool dominant systems. In these cases, both conformance and production acceleration is enhanced if operators yield lower subcools and greater draw-down pressures.