bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Padi4-dependent NETosis enables diet-induced gut hyperpermeability, translating dysbiosis into systemic inflammation and dysmetabolism
Authors: Albiero Mattia , Migliozzi Ludovica , Boscaro Carlotta , Rodella Anna , Ciciliot Stefano , Ivan Amendolagine Francesco , Scattolini Valentina , Treu Laura , Cappellari Roberta , Lanuti Paola , Barizza Annica , Codolo Gaia , Giannella Alessandra , Ceolotto Giulio , Varanita Tatiana , Prevedello Luca , Foletto Mirto , Bogialli Sara , Campanaro Stefano , Avogaro Angelo , Fadini Gian Paolo
Published: February 2025

Microbial signals trigger the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) through peptidyl-arginine-deiminase-4 (PADI4). In turn, NETosis can propagate inflammation to distant tissues. We hypothesize that PADI4 mediates the interactions between diet-modified microbiota and host metabolism. We report that in the adipose tissue of individuals with obesity, NETosis was associated with dysglycemia. In mice, high-fat diet (HFD) induced not only dysmetabolism and meta-inflammation but also local and systemic signs of NETosis. Deleting Padi4 in hematopoietic cells (Padi4KO) blunted liver and adipose inflammation and improved metabolism under HFD. While NETs were able to disrupt gut epithelial integrity, abrogating NETosis preserved intestinal barrier function and mitigated metabolic endotoxemia due to HFD. Padi4 deletion did not prevent diet-induced dysbiosis, but Padi4KO mice were protected from intestinal hyper-permeability and metabolic impairment due to the transfer of HFD-modified microbiota. As Padi4KO did not blunt the dysmetabolic effects of LPS, we conclude that NETosis operates at the microbiota-intestinal interface, inducing hyperpermeability and the systemic spillover of bacterial-derived products, paving the way to the metabolic consequences of HFD. Finally, pharmacologic PADI4 inhibition recapitulated findings obtained in Padi4KO mice on metabolism and liver steatosis, thereby uncovering a druggable role for PADI4 in mediating the metabolic effects of unhealthy microbiota.
Anatomical study of vulnerable sensory and expendable motor nerves for targeted muscle reinnervation in the upper extremity
Authors: Kenji Kawamura , Hasegawa Hideo , Omokawa Shohei , Mahakkanukrauh Pasuk , Tanaka Yasuhito
Published: February 2025

Purpose: Targeted muscle reinnervation (TMR) is a new technique for treating symptomatic neuroma, in which a sensory nerve after resection of a painful neuroma is coapted to an expendable motor nerve. There has been little information about optimal motor nerves for TMR of the vulnerable sensory nerves in the upper extremity.
Methods: Fourteen upper extremities of fresh-frozen cadavers were dissected to describe the anatomical course of the vulnerable sensory nerves, which included the superficial radial nerve, the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve, and the medial and lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerves. The bifurcation, diameter, and entry points in muscles of expendable motor nerves suitable for TMR of the sensory nerves were investigated.
Results: The distal anterior interosseus nerve was available as a donor for TMR of the superficial radial nerve and the dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve in the distal third of the forearm. The motor branch to the pronator teres muscle was suitable for TMR of the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve. It was possible to transfer the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve to the motor branch of the brachioradialis or extensor carpi radialis longus muscles.
Conclusions: The results of this anatomical study provide useful information when TMR is applied for neuromas of the sensory nerves in the upper extremity.
Collagenase clostridium histolyticum for Dupuytren’s disease: a comprehensive systematic review and comparative analysis against percutaneous needle aponeurotomy and limited fasciectomy
Authors: Cevik Jevan , Rajaram Rohan , Pollock Michaela , Seth Ishith , M. Rozen Warren
Published: February 2025

This systematic review compared the efficacy of collagenase clostridium histolyticum (CCH) against percutaneous needle aponeurotomy (PNA) and limited fasciectomy (LF) for Dupuytren’s contracture. Searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases to March 2024. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included. Primary outcomes included successful contracture correction as defined by included studies. Secondary outcomes included recurrence rates, patient-reported outcomes, and adverse events. A total of 11 studies (969 patients) were included. Meta-analysis showed no difference in efficacy between CCH and PNA (Relative Risk [RR]: 1.01, 95% Confidence Interval [CI]: 0.93–1.09). Recurrence rates were also similar (RR: 1.18, 95% CI: 0.95–1.48). Data suggested higher recurrence risk with CCH versus LF (RR: 6.84, 95% CI: 1.59–29.48). In some studies, CCH was associated with higher rates of haematoma, local pain, and oedema. CCH demonstrates comparable efficacy to PNA; however, it may have a higher risk of local complications and recurrence compared to LF. Treatment decisions should be made on a case-by-case basis.
A Reflection of the Author's Life in Anne Rice's Novel Interview with the Vampire
Authors: Mery  , Kinasih Putri Rindu
Published: February 2025

Interview With The Vampire is the first novel in Anne Rice’s vampire chronicles series, which was published in 1976. Interview with the Vampire has been nominated for various awards since its initial release in 1976, including the Bram Stoker Awards and the British Fantasy Awards. Unfortunately, many people are unaware that Rice’s firsthand experiences inspiring this novel. Previous research had managed to highlight the relationship between the author’s life with her literature works but none of them were related to vampire stories. Even though people might find monsters’ story is implausible, readers and viewers of fantasy, science fiction, and horror have the desire to explore the impossible (Athans, 2014). In addition, Wood (1999) strongly added that the details Rice has made about vampire has entirely changed the general vampire world. Rice’s major changes are: vampires were made more reasonable, believable, sympathetic, modern, and suited to the urban setting. On top of that, Rice has put the vampire closer to the readers as the story was told in first-person narration. Considering all of these, the researchers were intrigued in analyzing further the portrayal of Rice’s biography in her novel. This research used the descriptive qualitative method. While data in this research were taken from the novel Interview with the Vampire. This study found a resemblance of Anne Rice’s adulthood stage of life in Louis’s life. In addition, it is also found out that there are similarities between the characters in the novel with the real family member of Anne Rice and her childhood environment. Finally, the study was carried out by conducting a biographical study. The resemblances of characters with people of her life, Rice persuaded the readers to not only like and empathize with vampires, but also to trust them.
Keywords: Literature, biographical analysis, novel, vampire.
Un «groviglio di voci»: questioni stilistiche nei trovatori della generazione di mezzo
Authors: Barsotti Susanna
Published: February 2025

Autour de l’année 1170, le dialogue entre les deux troubadours Giraut de Borneill et Raimbaut d’Aurenga apparaît décisif dans l’élaboration d’une théorie du style qui remet en question les présupposés formels et idéologiques du trobar hermétique marcabrunien. Différentes pièces attribuables aux troubadours mentionnés s’agrègent autour du thème de la pertinence de l’expression du sentiment ou, au contraire, de son masquage sous des vêtements formels difficiles avec l’insertion d’éléments allusifs qui renvoient à la poétique de Marcabru ou de Peire d’Alvernhe. Un cas d’étude particulièrement intéressant est donné, par exemple, par l’image de la bouche comme symbole du mot poétique, dans les lemmes (assez rares dans le corpus) cays (‘bocca’) et dens (‘dents’). La référence fait en effet partie d’un répertoire d’expressions marquées qui conduisent à la réflexion sur le trobar clus et le sens de l’extériorisation (ou, inversement, de la dissimulation) du mot. Raimbaut d’Aurenga se place au centre de ce «tarabiscotage» en raison de sa haute noblesse et de sa position sociale et du fait qu’il représente le centre d’un échange qui a aussi une importance historique. À partir de ces cordonnées, le but de l’article est d’extrapoler des considérations méthodologiques utile à l’approche (critique et philologique) des rappels allusifs dans le corpus troubadouresque et sur le rapport entre textes et circonstances historiques. La valorisation de l’intertextualité chez les troubadours de la génération centrale a d’ailleurs pour but de garantir, par l’identification des vecteurs dialogiques, une appréciation plus profonde des textes, ainsi qu’une lecture plus consciente et raffinée des références formelles d’une période cruciale de l’histoire du trobar.
PENGARUH FERMENTASI FESES AYAM LAYER SEBAGAI MEDIA TUMBUH TERHADAP KANDUNGAN LEMAK DAN GROSS ENERGY (GE) PADA MAGGOT
Authors: ROSANTI RITA
Published: February 2025

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh fermentasi feses ayam layer sebagai media tumbuh terhadap kandungan lemak kasar dan gross energy maggot.  Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di peternakan ayam layer PT. Talaga Unggas Bahagia Kecamatan Sukahaji, Kabupaten Majalengka, Jawa Barat pada bulan Maret-Mei 2023.  Objek yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah maggot yang beru 21 hari.  Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode eksperimental dengan metode Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL), yang terdiri atas 3 perlakuan yaitu P1 (Fermentasi Feses Ayam Layer), P2 (Fermentasi Feses Ayam Layer + 2% ekoenzim), dan P3 (Fermentasi Feses Ayam Layer + 0,25% Stardec) dan diulang sebanyak 6 kali.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi feses ayam layer dengan Stardec sangat berbeda nyata (P<0,01) terhadap kandungan lemak kasar dan gross energy maggot.  Fermentasi feses layer yang menggunakan Stardec menghasilkan nilai lemak kasar (10,81%) dan gross energy (4.456,50 kkal/kg) yang terbaik untuk dijadikan sebagai pakan ternak.
Pengaruh Lama Fermentasi pada Penggunaan Dedak Fermentasi terhadap Kualitas Fisik dan pH Silase Tebon Jagung (Zea Mays)
Authors: Al Biruni Hilal , Mayasari, Ph.D Novi , Ayuningsih Budi
Published: February 2025

Silase adalah metode pengawetan hijauan pakan ternak melalui proses fermentasi dengan keadaan anaerob. Silase memiliki daya simpan yang lama dan mampu menjaga kualitas hijauan. Silase bisa menjadi solusi apabila pakan hijauan segar sulit didapatkan pada saat musim kemarau tiba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh lama waktu fermentasi terbaik dengan penambahan dedak fermentasi 1% terhadap kualitas fisik dan pH silase tebon jagung. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada tanggal 3 Februari – 19 Maret 2021 di Cowla Farm Pangandaran serta Laboratorium Nutrisi Ternak Ruminansia dan Kimia Makanan Ternak, Fakultas Peternakan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dari 3 perlakuan dan 7 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri P1 (lama waktu fermentasi 7 hari), P2 (lama waktu fermentasi 14 hari) dan P3 (lama waktu fermentasi 21 hari). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa lama waktu fermentasi yang berbeda mempengaruhi tekstur silase tebon jagung. Perlakuan lama fermentasi yang berbeda tidak mempengaruhi warna, bau, kebersihan, dan pH silase tebon jagung (Zea mays). Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa lama waktu fermentasi 7 hari menghasilkan kualitas silase terbaik: berbau asam fermentasi, tidak tumbuh jamur, berwarna hijau kekuningan dan bertekstur kering.
Optimizing Loan Approval Processes with Support Vector Machines (SVM)
Authors: Angraini Novita , Rosalina Kelly , Kosasih Andini
Published: February 2025

Loan approval is a critical process in banking, requiring accurate assessment of borrower risk to minimize defaults while maintaining customer satisfaction. This study explores the optimization of loan approval processes using Support Vector Machines (SVM), a robust machine learning method known for its effectiveness in classification tasks. We utilized a dataset comprising historical loan applications, incorporating features such as credit score, income level, debt-to-income ratio, and employment history. The SVM model was trained and evaluated using cross-validation techniques to ensure generalizability.  Our results demonstrate that SVM outperforms traditional statistical methods in predicting loan approval decisions, achieving higher accuracy and a significant reduction in false positives. Furthermore, feature importance analysis revealed that credit score and debt-to-income ratio are the most influential factors in the model's decision-making process. By integrating the optimized SVM model into existing banking workflows, institutions can streamline their approval processes, reduce operational costs, and improve customer experience.  This study highlights the potential of SVM in modernizing decision-making frameworks in the banking sector, paving the way for further adoption of advanced machine learning techniques in financial services.
Rumi Concept of Love: The Path to Interfaith Harmony and Peace
Authors: Shadiqin Sehat Ihsan , Wahyudi M. Agus , Alfiatunnur Alfiatunnur , Jamil Shabrun
Published: February 2025

Building mutual understanding among people of different religions is crucial in anticipating issues arising from individual religious identities. The concept of love, as viewed by Jalaluddin Rumi, can serve as a medium for nurturing interfaith peace. Rumi believed that love is at the core of human existence and emphasized its power in achieving tranquility. Through Rumi’s teachings, we gain an understanding of the significance of compassionate love in fostering mutual understanding and respect among different faiths. This article delves into Rumi’s life and works, highlighting his contributions to Sufism and his unique perspective on love. Furthermore, it delves deeper into Rumi’s concept of love. The aim of this paper is to contribute to the field of interfaith studies by exploring the potential of Rumi’s concept of love to promote mutual understanding and respect among religions through poetry and Rumi’s teachings. The research employs a qualitative method, specifically a literature review, drawing data from various references, books, and articles related to Rumi’s works and thoughts, particularly those discussing the concept of love. The findings reveal that Rumi’s concept of love can serve as a medium for addressing religious conflicts and building a more peaceful world. By embracing Rumi’s teachings on love, we learn to see beyond our differences and connect with each other at a deeper level.
Religion and Philanthropy: Islamic Teaching During the Israel-Palestine Conflict
Authors: Farida Anis , Sulaiman Sulaiman , Airlangga PH Ahmad Rahmatullah , Mufidah Azizah Rizqi , Bustomi Yazid Imam
Published: February 2025

Religious teachings are essential to note in seeing the phenomenon of massive Islamic social movements that occur around the world and awareness of a humanitarian movement based on dogmatic values and moral foundations. Previous studies have not explored the aspect of religious teachings on Islamic social movements in the context of armed conflict, so this research must be carried out. Previous studies have focused more on antitheses to misinterpretations of Islamic teachings and less on accommodating philanthropic perspectives in war analysis and macro implications in the digital age. This study covers the interpretation of Islamic teachings that encourage philanthropy, Islamic social movements, and morality-based solidarity in response to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. The desk research method is used to collect data through the Quran, Hadith, social media, and library research. The stages of analysis include the interpretation of the postulates that encourage philanthropy, the perspective of social movements, and fundamental moral theories to provide a holistic picture of the phenomenon of Islamic philanthropy in the digital era. The findings of this study include the conclusions of Islamic religious teachings that invite Muslims to do philanthropy, the internalization of religious teachings as a driver of Islamic social movements, and moral encouragement that influences an actor’s action in doing philanthropy. The resulting recommendations involve the collaboration of state institutions with all levels of society to ensure security and increase legitimacy in conducting fundraising and providing assistance to victims of armed conflict in Palestine.
The Problem of Philosophical Foundations of Human Dignity in Law
Authors: Rosenkranzová Olga
Published: February 2025

May human dignity be the basis of human rights? May human rights still be derived from human dignity if we also accept a non-hierarchical organization of law? Or are human rights and human dignity more of a moral character which needs to be constantly justified? Is it not a paradox that human dignity, which is the basis of human rights, may be associated not only with rights, but also simultaneously with obligations? We derive human rights from human dignity as the highest value. May we admit other values besides dignity and how shall we deal with responsibilities? Although the Kantian concept of dignity as a philosophical historical concept is inconsistent with the modern understanding of dignity in law in many respects, we would still find in Immanuel Kant a concept of dignity consisting more in duties than in rights, due to the moral nature of dignity and law according to him.
Some Remarks on Dignity in the Jurisprudence of the Polish Constitutional Tribunal
Authors: Syryt Aleksandra
Published: February 2025

Human dignity is a legal category that emerged in the 20th century due to the experiences of World War II and totalitarianism. Today, it is a recurring theme in international and national laws, including constitutions. In Poland, public authorities are mandated to uphold and safeguard dignity. The Constitution of the Republic of Poland elevates the concept of dignity to a legal norm that guides the actions of public authorities. The Constitutional Tribunal has made several statements about dignity, which provide a comprehensive understanding of the subject from various perspectives. This article explores the jurisprudential perspective that has shaped the constitutional approach to dignity in Poland, focusing on the Polish jurisprudence of the Constitutional Tribunal, which is influenced by comparative law.
Design and verification of down asynchronous counter using toggle flip-flop in QCA
Authors: Shaw Rohit Kumar , Khan Angshuman
Published: February 2025

This study presents an innovative single-layered toggle flip-flop with highly polarized output designed specifically for Quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA), a cutting-edge nanocomputing approach. Building on the capabilities of this advanced flip-flop, a two-bit asynchronous down (ripple) counter was developed using QCADesigner 2.0.3, all within the QCA framework. The counter exhibits exceptional scalability and reliability, addressing key challenges in QCA circuit design. Energy efficiency and cost-effectiveness are standout features of the design, with a 53% improvement in energy efficiency and a 38% reduction in QCA-specific cost, as verified by QCADesigner-E 2.2 simulations. Furthermore, the physical stability of the proposed circuit was thoroughly examined through kink energy calculations, highlighting its robustness. These optimizations were achieved by avoiding complex crossovers and leveraging the benefits of the enhanced flip-flop architecture. The results underscore the significant potential of QCA in improving digital circuit performance, paving the way for more efficient, scalable, and cost-effective nanoelectronic designs and pushing the boundaries of next-generation nanocomputing solutions.
March ‘68 and Its Aftermath: in Polish Popular Music
Authors: Gradowski Mariusz
Published: February 2025

The events of March 1968 in Poland can be viewed as four overlapping threads (i.e. lines of development): 1) factionalism in the ruling party, 2) the intellectuals’ protest against the government’s cultural policies, 3) a student revolt, 4) an anti-Semitic campaign, all in the wake of international events in 1967–68. These developments intertwined in a series of events, the most notable of which were the pacification of students by the milicja (state police) on 8 March and the forced emigration of thousands of Polish Jews as a result of the anti-Semitic political campaign. In this paper, the author examines the period’s popular music which reflects the events of March ‘68. The limited number of songs is a consequence of the prevailing conditions in Polish popular music at that time. The rock genre remained the domain of teenagers, recordings were subject to restrictions, and the recording process remained under the control of the censorship. As a result, popular songs (in the broadest sense of the term) that deal with the theme of March ‘68 are part of the independent legacy of the so-called ‘student culture’, preserved outside the mainstream, mainly in oral tradition. Maciej Zembaty’s ‘Pan Prokurator ma rację’ [‘Mr Prosecutor is Right’] is analyzed here as a case study of a March ‘68 protest song. It has been paired with Andrzej Zieliński and Agnieszka Osiecka’s song ‘W żółtych płomieniach liści’ [‘In the Yellow Flames of Leaves’], which is often referred to as a rock song reflecting the events of March ’68.
Who or What Caused the Rise of Populism?
Authors: Tomšič Matevž
Published: February 2025

The article deals with who or what led to strengthening populist politics and its agents. This is a mutual combination of structural, cultural, political, media, etc. factors whereby one must recognise specifics in each country. However, the author pays special attention to the role of established elites, mainly political, but also others – i.e. business, intellectual and media in this respect. He claims that these elites bear a large part of the responsibility for the rise of populism because their irresponsibility, unresponsiveness and inefficiency in solving key social problems caused a sharp decline in trust in established politics and its leaders. This ‘lack of leadership’ offered populists a political ‘niche’ that some took advantage of.
How Active and Passive Social Media Engagement on Facebook and Instagram Shapes Democratic Attitudes Among Users in Slovakia
Authors: Baboš Pavol , Világi Aneta
Published: February 2025

Social media play an important role in the dissemination of political information and in political dialogue among agents, agencies and citizens. We study the effects of social media on democratic attitudes. Our analysis proceeds in two phases. First, we examine the effect of using eight social media platforms on support for democracy and liberal democratic principles. Second, we test the relationships between the intensity of six types of online political engagement on Facebook and Instagram and democratic attitudes. We employ linear and ordinal logistic regression analysis on a representative sample of 1,502 Slovak citizens aged 18 and older. We report three key findings: First, users of social media are not less supportive of democracy or liberal democratic principles. Second, passive political engagement on Facebook undermines support for liberal democratic principles. Third, active political engagement on both Facebook and Instagram is related to higher support for democracy as a regime but not for its liberal principles. In addition to the results on the effects of specific participatory activities, our study contributes by highlighting the need to differentiate between various types of democratic attitudes, different types of participation and different types of social media.
Advancing cancer immunotherapy through novel CD40-focused antibody engineering platforms
Authors:   , Nyesiga Barnabas
Published: February 2025

Cancer poses a major global challenge due to its ability to evade the immune system. Conventional treatments, such as surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, often cause severe side effects. In contrast, immunotherapy offers a promising alternative by strengthening the immune system’s ability to generate strong anti-tumor responses. This thesis aimed at developing technologies that can enhance the efficacy of recombinant antibodies in cancer immunotherapy. Paper I focused on developing a bispecific antibody (bsAb) format called RUBY designed to address the bioprocessing challenges associated with bsAb production such as poor stability and chain mispairing. Findings demonstrate that the RUBY format allows for the mitigation of many of the development challenges associated with other bsAb formats and facilitates the generation of stable and functional bsAbs. In Paper II, the RUBY format was utilized to develop bsAbs capable of enabling enhanced priming and activation of tumor-specific T cells. RUBY bsAbs targeting CD40 and tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) EpCAM and CEACAM5 were evaluated. Results indicate that these molecules induced clustering of tumor debris and CD40-expressing cells, promoted effective cross-priming of T-cells, and induced anti-tumor responses superior to monospecific antibodies. In Paper III, a CD40-coiled coil affinity-based technology designed to deliver antigenic peptides to CD40-expressing cells was evaluated. Results suggest that antibody-peptide fusion constructs can be produced with favorable manufacturability and stability, and this technology effectively induces biological functions both in vitro and in vivo. Paper IV gives a comprehensive overview of the next generation CD40 targeting therapies; highlighting their potential to transform immuno-oncology and the challenges that lie ahead. In conclusion, this thesis highlights the potential of innovative antibody engineering in developing novel compounds that can improve cancer immunotherapy.
Symbolische Notizen zur Erleichterung der Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilung von Falldokumentationen in der Kolloquiumsvorbereitung, in Supervisionsgruppen und in Fallkontrollseminaren
Authors: Sedlak Franz
Published: February 2025

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Anpassung Macht krank.
Authors: Bittner Josef
Published: February 2025

In der durch Unterwerfung erzwungenen Anpassung spielt die Identifikation mit dem Aggressor eine große Rolle. Psychotherapieausbildung, die in einem Verein organisiert ist, hat ein strukturelles Problem mit Identifikation und Ablösung. Nur eine erweiterte Bedeutung des ödipalen Geschehens ermöglicht es den Menschen als Ort der Anerkennung zu situieren. Das wiederum erfordert eine bestimmte Positionierung des Wissens.
Die interkulturelle Begegnung in der Psychotherapie
Authors: Blom Ulrike
Published: February 2025

Der Wechsel des kulturellen Lebensraumes kann zum Verlust der Ich- Stabilität führt. Migration ist ein lebenslanger Prozess der in Phasen verläuft. Schwierig- keiten in der Bewältigung des Migrationsprozesses können zu Identitätskrisen führen. Durch die Imagination mit Fotos war es möglich, die Migrations- erfahrung zu bearbeiten und in den lebensgeschichtlichen Zusammenhang zu integrieren.
Buchbesprechnung
Authors: Zindel Philip
Published: February 2025

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Nachruf für Dipl.-Psych. Jürgen Pahl
Authors: Wilke Eberhard
Published: February 2025

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Critical thinking in psychology
Authors: Chao Marc , Bin Ibrahim Muhamad Alif
Published: February 2025

This peer reviewed OER supports a seamless transition from critical thinking to statistical concepts. The text will incorporate neuroscientific concepts to enrich students understanding from a multi-disciplinary perspective, deepening their comprehension of psychological principles and application in a research setting.
Rapid Nonlinear Convex Guidance Using a Monomial Method
Authors: Burnett Ethan R. , Topputo Francesco
Published: February 2025

This paper addresses the challenge of accommodating nonlinear dynamics and constraints in rapid trajectory optimization with impulsive maneuvers, envisioned for use in the context of onboard guidance. We present a novel framework that uniquely employs overparameterized monomial coordinates and precomputed fundamental solution expansions to facilitate rapid optimization while minimizing real-time computational requirements. The fundamental solution expansions are precomputed about an uncontrolled reference trajectory using differential algebra. Unlike traditional approaches that repeatedly evaluate the nonlinear dynamics and constraints as part of complex shooting or collocation-based schemes, this method replaces the nonlinearity inherent to dynamics and constraint functions entirely with a computationally simpler manifold constraint. With this approach, trajectory optimization is posed efficiently as a path-planning problem on the manifold. This problem is entirely convex except for the manifold constraint, readily lending itself to solution via sequential convex programming. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach in computing fast and accurate Δ[Formula: see text] optimal solutions for long-range spacecraft rendezvous, including problems with nonlinear state constraints.
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Status Disclosure and Associated Factors among Children in the Pediatric Anti-Retroviral Therapy Clinic at Gambella Public Hospitals, Gambella Region, Southwest Ethiopia
Authors: Desta Abebe Ejigu , Mengesha Chernet Hailu , Mogas Solomon Berhanu
Published: February 2025

Background

Globally, 1.7 million children are estimated to be living with HIV. As highly active antiretroviral therapy becomes progressively available in low resource settings, children are living longer and having longer survival times. Thus, one of the greatest psychosocial challenges that caregivers face is HIV- positive status disclosure to children which is becoming a common issue in clinical practice.

Objectives

To assess the magnitude and associated factors of disclosure among HIV- positive children in public hospitals in the ART clinic in Gambella town.

Materials and Methods

A facility- based cross- sectional study was performed using quantitative and qualitative data collection methods. The study was performed from March 10 to April 15, 2020 among 259 HIV- infected children aged 6-18 years and their caregivers in two public hospitals, in Gambella town. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to determine the factors associated with HIV status disclosure with a P-value <0.05 and a 95% confidence interval of the Adjusted odds ratio (AOR).

Results

Ninety-eight (37.8%) HIV-positive children were informed of their status. Biological fathers (AOR=5.37; 95%CI=2.18, 13.21); biological mothers (AOR=3.65; 95%CI=1.64, 8.15), and children aged ≥10 years (AOR=3.73; 95%CI=1.47, 9.49), duration of ART (11-16 years) (AOR=4.15; 95 %CI=1.55, 11.13) and adherence to ART treatment of child; good(AOR=3.33; 95%CI= 1.81, 6.13) were found to be significantly associated with HIV positive status disclosure to children.

Conclusion

The magnitude of disclosure of HIV- positive status to infected children was low. Caregiver’s relation with child, age of the child, duration of ART and adherence to ART treatment were associated with the disclosure of HIV-positive status in infected children. Therefore, age appropriate counseling and working on related factors are important for improving low disclosure.
Thalassemias in Manipur, India
Authors: Singh Irom Anil , Vengala Shyam
Published: February 2025

Thalassemia is a group of inherited blood disorders. It presents a significant health challenge in Manipur, India, due to the high prevalence of hemoglobinopathies such as hemoglobin E (HbE) and β-thalassemia. This region exhibits unique genetic characteristics, with the Meitei population showing a notably higher incidence of HbE hemoglobinopathies. Thalassemia is classified phenotypically into transfusion-dependent thalassemia (TDT) and non-TDT (NTDT). The management of these disorders are complex, involving regular blood transfusions for TDT patients and occasional transfusions or other treatments, such as hydroxyurea and splenectomy, for NTDT patients. This review highlights the challenges in managing thalassemias, emphasizing the importance of early and accurate classification to prevent unnecessary transfusions. Furthermore, complications such as iron overload, alloimmunization, and splenectomy-related risks underscore the need for tailored, careful treatment approaches. This research provides insights into the epidemiology, management strategies for thalassemia in Manipur, contributing to a better understanding of the disorder in this specific population.
Ruthenium-Mediated Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution of Hydrogen in Benzene
Authors: Melnikov Stanislav , Hwang Donghun , Park Bohyun , Lutz Martin , Baik Mu-Hyun , Broere Daniel L. J.
Published: February 2025

The direct functionalization of unactivated hydrocarbons remains a significant challenge in modern chemistry. In this study, we demonstrate that a simple ruthenium complex featuring a chelating tBuPN ligand can mediate the nucleophilic aromatic substitution of hydrogen (SNArH) in benzene. Key intermediates were kinetically trapped in low-temperature NMR experiments, providing crucial insights into the reaction mechanism. These findings are further supported by isotopic labeling and comprehensive DFT studies. The data shows that the substitution proceeds via an unprecedented mechanism, involving reversible rear-side nucleophilic addition of the exogenous nucleophile to the ruthenium-bound benzene, followed by an intramolecular hydride migration facilitated by deprotonation of tBuPN ligand. The broad range of nucleophiles amenable to this reaction, including classical non-nucleophilic bases, showcases the versatility of this reaction and makes it a promising candidate for further developments in the area of SNArH.
AlchemBERT: Exploring Lightweight Language Models for Materials Informatics
Authors: Liu Xiaotong , Wang Yuhang , Yang Tao , Liu Xingchen , Wen Xiaodong
Published: February 2025

The emergence of large language models (LLMs) has spurred numerous applications across various domains, including material design. In this field, an increasing number of generative models focus on directly generating materials with desired properties more accurately, moving away from the traditional approach of enumerating vast numbers of candidates and relying on computationally intensive screening algorithms. However, we assert that without accurate prediction capabilities, effective material design is unattainable, as generating necessary structures becomes futile if their quality cannot be reliably evaluated. Matbench provides an excellent foundation for predictive tasks, yet prior efforts with LLMs have primarily focused on composition-related tasks using models such as GPT or LLaMA. In this study, we revisit BERT, a relatively small LLM with 110 million parameters, which is significantly smaller than GPT or LLaMA models containing billions of parameters. Remarkably, we demonstrate that BERT-base achieves comparable performance to these larger models in material property prediction tasks. Extending beyond composition tasks, we introduce BERT’s application in structure prediction using CIF (Crystallographic Information File) data and natural language descriptions of structures. Our results rival state-of-the-art composition models such as CrabNet and, in several tasks across datasets ranging from a few hundred to over a hundred thousand samples, even surpass traditional structure-based and knowledge-driven models. Additionally, on the latest Matbench test task, Matbench-Discovery, our model outperformed the Voronoi RF model and achieved MAE results comparable to other models that rely solely on energy predictions. Our findings provide a new reference point for future LLM applications in material design, offering valuable insights for leveraging language model in this domain and emphasizing natural language descriptions over conventional model-centric design. We term this application of BERT in material design AlchemBERT, signifying its novel role in bridging natural language and structural representations.
An Expert-Augmented Deep Learning Approach for Synthesis Route Evaluation
Authors: Yujia Guo , Kabeshov Mikhail , Le Tat Hong Duong , Genheden Samuel , Bergonzini Giulia , Engkvist Ola , Kaski Samuel
Published: February 2025

Selection of efficient multi-step synthesis routes is a fundamental challenge in organic synthesis. Comparing different routes involves numerous parameters, economic considerations, and integration of nuanced chemical knowledge. While computer-aided synthesis planning (CASP) tools can generate synthetic routes, evaluating their overall feasibility and quality continues to rely heavily on human expertise, which is often lacking consistency and reproducibility. To address this, we have developed a data-driven scoring model augmented with human expert knowledge. Experts select key synthesis aspects to score the multi-step routes and apply them to the modeling. The model produces target-specific scores for synthetic routes, achieving a top-1 ranking accuracy of 60% when benchmarked against experimental data and 90% correspondence to the expert synthesis evaluation. Moreover, by incorporating human experts' assessment of routes based on the final route scores, we refined the score into an expert-augmented assessment standard that categorizes routes as Good, Plausible, or Bad universally and interpretably. We demonstrate that this criterion and the resulting route rankings align with expert judgment and synthesis feasibility, that can be obtained from the published reaction data.
Deriving the Isoelectric Point of Amino Acids from Acid-Base Equilibria
Authors: Senavirathne Gayan
Published: February 2025

This paper presents a refined method for calculating the isoelectric point (pI) of amino acids, focusing on the dominant zwitterionic form in solution. The approach improves pI calculations and extends to predicting pH values in amphoteric solutions, including titrations of polyprotic acids and bases.
ORGANIC MICROPOLLUTANTS IN THE AIR: ORIGIN AND OCCURENCE, ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH EFFECTS, AND MITIGATION STRATEGIES
Authors: Ite Aniefiok E. , Ite Idaresit A.
Published: February 2025

Advances in global industrialization and urbanisation have resulted in the development of a diverse group of chemical compounds with numerous applications that have a negative impact on the environment and pose human health risks. Air pollution associated with industrial emissions and the continuous discharge of various organic micropollutants (OMPs), without any regulatory measures, may cause environmental risks as well as potential adverse effects on humans even at their low concentrations. Degradation of air quality puts our efforts towards sustainable clean air at risk and impedes the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in a number of developing nations worldwide. In recent years, the scientific community has faced the task of understanding the occurrence, fate, and potential ecotoxicological implications associated with OMPs in diverse environmental compartments. The goal of this review paper is to explain OMPs’ origin and occurrences, and adverse consequences on the atmospheric environment and human health. The detection and analysis of these OMPs at trace levels will enables researchers to understand the environmental fate and behaviour of persistent organic contaminants of concern. Therefore, development of novel technologies for effective detection of OMPs at trace levels and appropriate preventive measures need to be adopted. The development of reliable and sensitive techniques will be the first step in the detection and analysis of OMPs in the environment. Furthermore, long-term air quality monitoring is necessary for effective sustainable environmental management of OMPs as well as other related compounds and cost–effective risks mitigation strategies. Sustainable environment therefore require reduction in OMPs emmisions into the atmosphere, adoption of air pollution control policy, and development of effective risks mitigation strategies and by various developing countries.
OPERATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY: TRANSITIONING CONVENTIONAL DRILLING TO ENVIRONMENT-FRIENDLY PRACTICES
Authors: Ohenhen Peter Efosa , Olurin Joy Otibhor , Tula Olawe Alaba , Gidiagba Joachim Osheyor
Published: February 2025

The exigency of integrating environmental sustainability into oil and gas drilling operations forms the crux of this study, which meticulously examines the transition from conventional to eco-friendly drilling practices. This scholarly inquiry aimed to delineate the environmental impacts of traditional drilling methods and elucidate the role that sustainable practices play in modern drilling operations. By employing a rigorous literature review methodology, the study synthesized historical data, technological advancements, policy frameworks, and economic analyses to comprehensively understand the industry’s evolution towards sustainability. The findings highlight a significant environmental footprint associated with conventional drilling, prompting an urgent call for operational sustainability. The study reveals that the adoption of sustainable practices, underpinned by technological innovation and strategic policy support, is not only environmentally imperative but also economically viable. It underscores the potential for energy efficiency, waste management, and resource conservation to mitigate the ecological impacts of drilling activities. The conclusion posits that the oil and gas industry stand at a pivotal juncture, where the adoption of sustainable practices is paramount for its long-term viability. The recommendations advocate for a collaborative approach to overcome technological and policy barriers, emphasizing the need for incentivization mechanisms to catalyze the industry’s transition towards sustainability. This paper serves as a seminal reference for stakeholders in the drilling industry, providing a roadmap for operational sustainability that harmonizes economic objectives with environmental stewardship.
A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES AND IMPLICATIONS FOR THE U.S.
Authors: Adekuajo Ifeoluwa Oreofe , Udeh Chioma Ann , Elufioye Oluwafunmi Adijat , Nnabugwu Obiageli Chinwe , Daraojimba Chibuike
Published: February 2025

This scholarly review embarks on an explorative journey to dissect the essence and operationalization of sustainable tourism within developing countries and extrapolates its implications for the United States. The purpose of this study is to illuminate the multifarious dimensions of sustainable tourism, delineating its environmental, socio-cultural, and economic facets, and to distill the lessons that can be leveraged to refine U.S. tourism policies. Employing a systematic literature review as its methodological compass, this study meticulously sifts through peer-reviewed articles, focusing on the period from 2016 to 2023, to capture the zeitgeist of sustainable tourism practices. The inclusion criteria were stringent, ensuring that only studies with significant relevance and rigor informed the review. The main findings articulate a nuanced understanding of sustainable tourism, revealing that while developing countries are pioneering in certain practices, there exists a chasm filled with challenges and opportunities that the U.S. can navigate through policy adaptation and innovation. The study identifies best practices, evaluates stakeholder roles, and assesses the comparative adaptability of these practices within the U.S. context. Conclusively, the study posits that the U.S. stands at a pivotal juncture to reinvigorate its tourism policies by embracing a holistic and integrated approach to sustainability. Recommendations include harnessing technological advancements, fortifying community participation, and aligning with global sustainability benchmarks. The abstract encapsulates the study’s classical yet engaging narrative, inviting readers to delve into a profound analysis that bridges geographical divides and unites disparate tourism paradigms under the umbrella of sustainability.
CARBON EMISSION REDUCTION STRATEGIES: A GLOBAL POLICY REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF EFFECTIVENESS
Authors: Etukudoh Emmanuel Augustine , Umoh Aniekan Akpan , Hamdan Ahmad , Ibekwe Kenneth Ifeanyi , Sonko Sedat
Published: February 2025

The urgent need to address climate change has propelled nations worldwide to adopt and implement diverse strategies aimed at reducing carbon emissions. This paper presents a comprehensive review and analysis of global policies designed to curb carbon emissions, evaluating their effectiveness in mitigating the impacts of climate change. By synthesizing information from various regions and assessing the multifaceted approaches employed, this review offers insights into the current state of carbon emission reduction strategies on the global stage. The analysis encompasses a thorough examination of policy frameworks, regulatory measures, and market-based mechanisms adopted by nations to achieve carbon emission reduction targets. It explores the nuanced interplay between governmental interventions, industry initiatives, and international collaborations, recognizing the interconnectedness of efforts in a shared global environment. Additionally, the paper delves into the effectiveness of these strategies by considering key indicators such as emission reductions, technological advancements, and societal impact. By evaluating the success stories and identifying challenges faced by different countries, the review seeks to distill lessons that can inform future policy development and implementation. The global transition towards renewable energy sources, sustainable practices, and innovative technologies is a central theme in the analysis. As nations strive to strike a balance between economic growth and environmental responsibility, the review highlights notable initiatives and best practices that showcase the feasibility of achieving substantial carbon emission reductions without compromising developmental goals. In conclusion, this global policy review and analysis provide a comprehensive understanding of the strategies employed to reduce carbon emissions worldwide. By critically examining the effectiveness of these approaches, the findings contribute valuable insights to the ongoing discourse on sustainable environmental practices, informing policymakers, stakeholders, and researchers alike in their collective pursuit of a low-carbon future.