bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The issue of leopard reintroduction in the West Caucasus
Authors: Воронин  , Voronin Nikolay , Харченко  , Kharchenko Nikolay
Published: July 2017

Intensive human exploration of the mountain territories, and the uncontrolled destruction of the Per-sian leopard, has led to that now the predator almost completely disappeared from the Russian part of the Caucasus. Currently, self-healing of the Caucasian leopard population is considered impossible, and the only way out of this situation is the reintroduction of species into former habitats. To solve this problem, in the framework of fundamental research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, with the support of WWF-Russia, the Program to restore the Persian leopard population in the Caucasus has been developed.
The impact of climate variability on the sustainability of Russian forest Ecosystems from threat of increase pests and diseases
Authors: Королева  , Koroleva Tat'yana , Константинов  , Konstantinov Artem , Кушнир  , Kushnir Elizaveta
Published: July 2017

For the first time, method of estimating system stability for investigation of the forestry problems, developed in Germany, was used. Threat indicators (mass outbreaks of pests and diseases) caused by climate change were calculated, and the value of forest ecosystem sustainability in Russian Federation is determined. It was found that the main forest area is sufficiently resistant to investigated factors. Data analysis on sanitary situation of forest vegetation zones of the Russian Federation indicated that, in some regions, the threat of loss because of forest diseases and pests in the forest is minimal one.
Investigation of genetic diversity of poplar variety samples (populus l.) based on ssr-markers
Authors: Федулова  , Fedulova Tat'yana , Кондратьева  , Kondrat'eva Anna , Евлаков  , Evlakov Petr , Марчук  , Marchuk Irina
Published: July 2017

The object of the research were 28 plants with valuable breeding genotypes of the initial 40-year-old variety-testing cultures of white poplar (Populus alba L.), gray poplar (P. сanescens Sm.), presented by variety of samples of different origins. The purpose of the research was the selection of the most effective microsatellite primers for genetic identification of valuable breeding genotypes of poplar. The selection of high-polymorphic markers was conducted by testing a group of 12 SSR primers.
Specifics of diagnosis of oak wood condition based on visual assessment of external signs of pathology
Authors: Царалунга  , Tsaralunga Vladimir , Царалунга  , Tsaralunga Anna , Фурменкова  , Furmenkova Evgeniya
Published: July 2017

Article establishes that the modern system of diagnostics of the state of tree on the basis of account of the only confessed (legalized) list of external pathological signs does not give the objective estimation of the state and perspective of stand. Authors, on the example of stands of English oak, in plantings of Voronezh, Belgorod and Tula regions, show variety, differentiation, specificity and meaningfulness of external pathological signs. The features of display of pathology of English oak are marked in the different plantations. A list of detected and the proportion of pathological signs in the oak forests is given.
Modeling the process of surface ribbing of the articles made from wood-polymer composites
Authors: Абразумов  , Abrazumov Vladimir , Котенко  , Kotenko Vladimir , Ганиева  , Ganieva El'vira
Published: July 2017

Here a mathematical model of the process of surface ribbing of pieces made of wood-polymer composites based on solution of an equation of thermal conductivity using effective characteristics of thermal conductivity and thermal capacity of composites with different types of polymer matrixes is offered. А characteristic feature of wood-polymer composite boards, that their linear dimension is bigger than their thickness, was used in creating a mathematical model. This feature provides an opportunity to suppose that while heating the wood-polymer composite board in the thermal environment chаmber with infrared heating element, the change of the temperature will proceed only in the direction which is perpendicular to the surface of the board.
About the improving the technique of timber products quality assessment
Authors: Задраускайте  , Zadrauskayte Natalya , Гузенко  , Guzenko Natal'ya
Published: July 2017

In the study 100 boards of each cross-section have been measured with their subsequent certification and calculating the Spearman rank correlation coefficients on the principle “each with each”. Further data processing showed the existence of interdependencies between the location of defects on various sides of the timber cross-section. As a result of the research, data has been obtained allowing to change the current approach to sorting timber and to base normalization and quality assessment not on all four sides of timber, as being currently sorted, but only on one face and one edge.
Cellulose sludge and wood bark as formaldehyde scavengers for plywood bonded with urea formaldehyde resin
Authors: Смидракова  , Smidrakova Mariya , Седлячик  , Sedlyachek Yan
Published: July 2017

The aim of the research was to modify urea-formaldehyde resin (UF) by cellulose sludge and wood bark in order to reduce formaldehyde emission. Wood bark powder was a mixture containing 50 % of beech bark and 50 % of spruce bark. Release of formaldehyde and shear strength of the adhesive joints was tested on five resp. three-layer alder plywood. Formaldehyde emission was determined by 24-hour desiccator method and monitored during seven weeks after gluing. After 7 weeks of the experiment the reference UF adhesive showed formaldehyde emission decreased by 39 %.
Determination of slipping of tracked forest machine
Authors: Клубничкин  , Klubnichkin Evgeniy , Клубничкин  , Klubnichkin Vladislav , Котиев  , Kotiev Georgiy , Наказной  , Nakaznoy Oleg
Published: July 2017

We studied slipping of forestry machines at constant and random grappled weight and traction load. In this case the distribution probability parameters are practically independent from the mass of the forest machine, its suspension system, transmission type (in case of providing traction "on clutch"), type of soil, and they are explained by the style of logging machines operation, to a certain extent, design and control system parameters of technological equipment.
Criteria and methods for monitoring threats to economic security in the economy sectors in the conditions of external determinants transformation
Authors: Константинов  , Konstantinov Artem , Колесниченко  , Kolesnichenko Elena , Якунина  , Yakunina Inna , Мотин  , Motin Il'ya
Published: July 2017

The authors analyzed works of domestic and foreign scientists who studied the issue. The results of the work: first, the analysis of the methods applied for monitoring of threats to economic security (from the standpoint of system, resource, functional, cluster, and situational, cyclic and process approaches) is made and their advantages and drawbacks with regard to the specifics of the development of the forest sector of the Russian economy are identified.
Connection between the percentage of late wood and wood density in Scots pine from the southern taiga zone of the European part of Russia
Authors: Киселева  , Kiseleva Aleksandra , Хван  , Khvan Yuriy
Published: July 2017

There is a relationship between the properties of wood. Percentage of late wood – wood macrostructure characterization is a definite relation to density. This relationship varies slightly depending on the species and environmental factors. Establishment of interrelation of these parameters for wood from different regions and growing conditions, will more accurately judge the quality indicators of wood in specific circumstances. The studies were conducted with a timber of Scots pine growing in the Vologda region. In Ustyuzhansky Forestry two sites differing in conditions of growth are selected - lichen pine forest and blueberry and cranberry pine forest.
Influence of silvicultural properties of sod-podzolic soils of the green zone of the Bryansk region settlements on the growth of pine species
Authors: Маркина  , Markina Zoya , Шошин  , Shoshin Vladimir , Приставко  , Pristavko Ivan
Published: July 2017

Confinement of plants to typological landscapes groups is shown, predominant soil types and dominant forest are presented. In steady-state conditions by standard methods the basic physical and chemical properties of soil are defined. Mitscherlich equation defined average growth of model trees in the first 30 years of life on test plots. The estimation of connection of average growth to soil rates by stepwise regression method was made, which is used to determine the influence of soil conditions on the growth of pine species. Based on this analysis, a table was made to show demands of the studied pine species for physical and chemical parameters of the upper soil layer.
Analysis of methodologies for assessing physical, mechanical and thermal characteristics of wood pellets
Authors: Зотова  , Zotova Elena , Сафонов  , Safonov Andrey
Published: July 2017

The paper discusses the methodology for assessing characteristics in relation to this type of wood biofuel. Part of the methods is adopted by the national standards of the Russian Federation, the other part is proposed because of the lack of regulations. Interest in solid biofuels in the last decade has increased steadily, a rather stable market was formed, and there are its own leaders. Until not long ago the absence of legally approved methods for determining physical, mechanical, thermal, chemical characteristics made significant challenges for the development of this promising trend of industrial production, both in Europe and in the Russian Federation.
Analytical study of the parameters defining production technology of wood pellets
Authors: Зотова  , Zotova Elena , Сафонов  , Safonov Andrey , Платонов  , Platonov Aleksey
Published: July 2017

Technology for manufacturing wood pellets is described by a number of indicators that determine not only efficiency of the technology, but also a number of important factors. These factors determine the correct operation of the equipment, the safety of the physical phenomena occurring at higher temperature and pressure, as well as the quality of products. The process is characterized by the relative ease of manufacture of wood pellets, but as the industrial observation show granulation process cycle is sufficiently sensitive to changes in various external influences.
Changing the density of pine wood, damaged by fire during prolonged storage under different condition
Authors: Снегирева  , Snegireva Svetlana , Курьянова  , Kuryanova Tatyana , Платонов  , Platonov Aleksey , Макаров  , Makarov Andrey
Published: July 2017

The results of changes in the density of pine wood after harvesting, drying and long-term storage, and with a long stay at the root and undamaged wood are shown. The results of research on the effects of different types of fire on pine wood allowed establishing patterns of change in the average density of pine wood in trunk height in different conditions. It is found that long-term storage at room conditions, the density of pine wood damaged with strong grassroots and weak crown fire is not changed and the corresponding to values at the time of felling.
Influence of ways of saw logs cutting on the taper coefficient of unedged timber
Authors: Уласовец  , Ulasovets Vadim
Published: July 2017

One of the characteristic parameters of the unedged boards is their taper coefficient. It was found that when sawing logs in parallel to their longitudinal axis taper coefficient of central and lateral unedged boards is always higher than in the original log and it increases with distance of the board from the center of the vertex end of the log and increase of its taper coefficient, while in parallel generatrix cutting (by taper) taper coefficient of central and lateral unedged boards is always less than the initial log has and it decreases with distance of the board from the center of apex end of log and decrease of its taper coefficient.
Study of bonding plywood using nanocrystalline cellulose
Authors: Ищенко  , Ishchenko Tatyana , Шамаев  , Shamaev Vladimir , Разиньков  , Razinkov Egor , Зиемелис  , Ziemelis A.
Published: July 2017

The possibility of applying nanocellulose as additive in the production of plywood is considered. This involves its activation by physical methods (ultrasonic treatment and PMF). Increase in the strength of the resulting material by increasing the strength of the adhesive joint is experimentally established. But in this case, the strength of the adhesive joint was higher the strength of birch veneer sheets, veneer pack was amplified with basalt material. Studies have also shown that replacement of the two plies on the basalt fabric beneath the outer layers of plywood, gives an increase in tensile strength by adhesive seam compared to the control sample by 220 %.
Automated system as a tool to improve the quality of tillage with forest disk tools
Authors: Дручинин  , Druchinin Denis , Миляев  , Milyaev Andrey
Published: July 2017

The advantages and disadvantages of disk tillage in severe operating conditions of forestry are examined. Various methods proposed by scientists to eliminate the problems of weak deepens capacity of working bodies of tillage equipment of this type and their fragile progress at a given depth of processing are described. These proposed solutions make heavier disc tools, which leads to an increase in dynamic loads on the working bodies and to increased fuel consumption of mounted tractor. Developed special devices complicate the design of disk tillage equipment and their production.
Justification of the choice of antifriction materials for friction units of technological equipment of harvesting machines
Authors: Серебрянский  , Serebryanskiy Aleksey , Абрамов  , Abramov Vitaliy , Канищев  , Kanishchev Denis
Published: July 2017

The analysis of the shortcomings of the liquid and grease lubricants in the joints of manipulators is made. Combinations of constructional materials are considered, allowing obtaining the effect of selective transfer. The basic requirements to be followed when choosing antifriction materials are defined that will reduce the cost of manufacturing plain bearings included in the construction of hinged joints of manipulators, increase reliability and durability of these friction units, simplify their operation and repair. Conclusions were made about the appropriateness of antifriction plastics in hinges of manipulators.
Resource saving tillage technologies
Authors: Трофимова  , Trofimova Tatyana , Коржов  , Korzhov Sergey
Published: July 2017

The basic ways of energy-saving methods of the basic soil cultivation in Central Chernozem Region are suggested. Reducing the depth of primary tillage, replacement of moldboard plowing for subsurface soil loosening, combination of several operations and methods in one working process by the use of combined units and wide-coverage units and module-block complexes, the use of "gentle" tillage technologies: lane, zero and others.
Efficiency of technology of deep reclamation loosening on irrigated black soils
Authors: Черемисинов  , Cheremisinov Andrey , Черемисинов  , Cheremisinov Aleksandr , Плотников  , Plotnikov Sergey
Published: July 2017

It was found that in the area of the working body of РГ–0.5 ripper soil porosity increases, air regime improves, infiltration capacity increases. This change affects hydrophysical indicators of the whole meter layer. It was found that the average absorption rate for the first hour on a plot with deep loosening is in 5 times higher in comparison with the control plot in a conventional plowing. The amount of total water infiltration into the soil for the three-hour period on a plot with deep loosening is in 6 times higher than at the plot with conventional tillage. Obtained data suggest that in areas with deep loosening it is possible to use sprinklers with high intensity of rain.
Efficiency of application of sieveless technology presowing processing of scots pine seeds and growing seedlings in nursery
Authors: Голева  , Goleva Galina , Голев  , Golev Aleksandr , Свиридов  , Sviridov Leonid , Тарасова  , Tarasova Elena
Published: July 2017

Technology for presowing treatment and sow-ing seeds of coniferous species in the nursery is developed. The technology is based on the process of separation of Scotch pine seeds into fractions according to the linear size (thickness) in the working body of sieveless separator. Effectiveness of the technology lies in the fact that the resulting seeds are calibrated accurate to several tens of microns of seeds fraction that can not be obtained in any of the existing forest sorting machines. In this case, complete-ness of separation of passing fraction can reach 100%.
Features of natural regeneration of the main tree species in different forest conditions in Omsk region
Authors: Трушина  , Trushina Irina , Сидоренков  , Sidorenkov Viktor , Дорощенкова  , Doroshchenkova Elvira
Published: July 2017

This article states the result of research at terms of natural regeneration of main forest-forming species (birch, pine) in different silvicultural conditions in Omsk region that based at processed data from 58 test plots. Zoning of the region for reforestation types is given, tak-ing into account environmental factors, includ-ing topography, soil and differentiation of hy-drological conditions and typological characte-ristics of forest stands. Zoning of the area for reforestation activities differentiation can be used in future to develop a system of forest management activities for promotion of natural regeneration.
Features of the spatial population structure of mermithidae (nematoda, mermithida - abdominal parasites of invertebrates)
Authors: Харченко  , Kharchenko Nikolay
Published: July 2017

The spatial structure of the mermithidae popu-lation is determined by a number of features of their general ecological organization. Mermi-thidae represent a special fourth group of poly-biotropic helminths which development occurs predominantly in the external environment with a very short time step of parasitic larvae. However, the basis of their local (focal) disse-mination is limited locomotor capabilities. Mermithidae are characterized by complex spatial population structure, which are species complexes of sub-populations.
Method of determining the forces arising in the ropes of trilinear balloon-cable transport system
Authors: Абузов  , Abuzov Aleksandr
Published: July 2017

This article addresses the issue of whether to use balloon-cable transport systems during the development of hard-to-forests of the Far East region. Brief description of the balloon trans-port facilities is given from which the need for research efforts in emerging trailer return fila-ments is visible, presented with synthetic ropes. The technique of calculating the spatial tension of ropes with some effort in the filaments at the location of the point of suspension over any part of the operational site is given. Conclusions are made, determining the possi-bilities of the proposed method of calculation.
On the feasibility of voluntary forest certification
Authors: Пономарев  , Ponomarev D. , Дербин  , Derbin Vasiliy , Дербин  , Derbin Mikhail
Published: July 2017

Overview of the certification process for log-ging and wood processing enterprises is pro-vided, and dynamics of forest management certification processes and supply chains are shown. The main reasons that affect the certifi-cation process of logging and wood-processing processes are: the preservation and expansion of markets for forest products, price increase of certified products, pursuit of sustainable forest management. On the example of the holding company «Solombalsky LDK» we show the changes in priorities of the development of for-est certification.
Hardness and deformation of particle board at negative temperatures
Authors: Аксенов  , Aksenov Aleksey , Малюков  , Malyukov Sergey
Published: July 2017

The paper discusses the dependence of hardness, temporary and permanent deformations of the elastic compressed wood, the criterion of the relative convergence of the friction surfaces of the temperature, allowing adjusting the estimates of reliability and availability of bear-ings compressed wood at low temperatures. Results of submissions accurately indicate that at low temperatures hardness and elastic deformation of compressed wood increases, and temporary and permanent deformations and criterion of relative approach of the pair of friction surfaces of metal timber decrease.
Technique for determining the optimal load capacity of sowing units
Authors: Тертычная  , Tertychnaya Tatyana , Бровченко  , Brovchenko Aleksey , Дьячков  , Dyachkov Anatoliy , Колесников  , Kolesnikov Nikolay
Published: July 2017

The technique of determining the optimum load capacity of bunkers of towingdriven distribution units on the example of seeding ma-chines is presented. The factors influencing the increase in labor productivity are considered, and it is determined that it is necessary to in-crease the power and weight of the unit for this. A review of studies on the impact of running systems of modern mobile units showed that soil compaction by movers exceeds current GOST 26955-86 of established norms of maximum pressures of propellers of mobile units and the maximum normal stresses in the soil at a depth of 0.5 m.
Analytical study of the work process of the rotary tillage machine in nurseries
Authors: Казаков  , Kazakov V. , Казаков  , Kazakov I.
Published: July 2017

The results of analyzes of the work process of the rotary tillage machine for further processing of the soil in forest nurseries are presented in the article. The features of the process performed by the rotary engine, as well as the forces acting on the working bodies are considered. The analysis of the geometric parameters of working bodies and their operation modes are given. The conditions required for stable operation of rotary tillage machines and good quality soil loosening is defined. It is noted that the results obtained are used in the development of rotary machine, driveless МРБ-1.6, intended for seedbed preparation of soil in forest nurseries are presented, which has successfully passed acceptance tests and was put into mass production.
Determination of the limiting load on tractor hydromounting by trailer
Authors: Скурятин  , Skuryatin N. , Соловьев  , Solovev Evgeniy
Published: July 2017

Analysis of the known technical solutions for the additional loading of tractor from the trailer has shown that they are ineffective. Their ineffectiveness is the complexity of the design and construction of interfering in hydro-mounting construction of tractor or trailer hitch frame. Also, reasonable reloaded on tractor hydromounting is not provided. In order to avoid these shortcomings towing additional loading device to the trailer with a hydraulic cylinder mounted on the frame of the trailer rotatable carriage was suggested. The tests showed that the maximum additional loading of the tractor from the trailer can not exceed 3900 N, which is not sufficient from the position of improving performance.
Effect of stand structure on density of pine and spruce wood in myrtillus forest type
Authors: Данилов  , Danilov Dmitriy , Смирнов  , Smirnov A.
Published: July 2017

Mixed stands of spruce and pine of myrtillus y forest types occupy large areas of the forest

fund of the Leningrad region. For the theory and practice of forestry it is important to know the impact

of plantations on the density of wood in bunk mixed spruce-pine stands. In mixed stands of

pine and spruce disks and cores of wood species were selected from the model tree to determine the

basic density by the method of maximum water capacity. The study of basic wood density of pine

and spruce in the coniferous bunk stands revealed that its rates are higher for both species in the

mixed forest stand than in pure coniferous plantations in the region of the study. With the predominance

of pines in the stand composition, its wood density is higher than in stands dominated by

spruce. Density of pinewood increases from smaller to larger classes of stand diameters. Variability

of wood density by diameter of trunk is higher in spruce than in pine in mixed stands. In stands, after

cutting dilutes the density of pinewood is lower than in the plantation, which is not passed with

felling. In the bunk spruce-pine the stand, to the age of maturity, larger mass of stem wood of coniferous

species is formed than in the pure one-tier stands of pine or spruce. Developed regression

equations depending on the density of the wood at a height of 1.3 m to the average density of trunk

allow for a more accurate assessment of this parameter in mixed stands than previously published

equations for pure stands of myrtillus forest types for the study area.
Structure of intelligent decision support system to optimize the parameters of the acceleration mode of cultivation of forest stands
Authors: Мурзинов  , Murzinov Yuriy , Петровский  , Petrovskiy Vladislav , Малышев  , Malyshev Vladimir
Published: July 2017

The system of decision support to optimize the mode parameters of accelerated growth of planted forests in the form of the structure of information flows between the object and the control system is considered. Solution of control problems is possible only if there is a certain amount of knowledge or information about the quality and quantity of internal connections be-tween the elements of the controlled object and external communication components and the entire object with the environment. A mathematical model of the dynamics of even-aged coniferous plantations is presented and the objective function of process control for fasted growing of conifer plantations is highlighted.
The potential of the imeretinsky valley’s natural conditions for introduction of tropical plants
Authors: Сухоруков  , Sukhorukov Denis , Трегубов  , Tregubov Oleg
Published: July 2017

Planting of greenery in the Sochi Olympic Park was necessary during the preparation for the 2014 Winter Olympics. The used planting stock in order to maintain their normal physiological activities should be fit with locality’s natural conditions. Landscape and climatic surveys of the Imeretinsky Valley territory were carried out. Author’s and local meteorological station’s observations were the base for these researches.
Formation of biocenotic relations in the process of re-acclimatization of the steppe marmot in the south of the Belgorod region
Authors: Харченко  , Kharchenko Nikolay , Ковалев  , Kovalev Vadim
Published: July 2017

Studies have shown that the formation of biocenotic relations of form in established settlements are large-ly coordinated by anthropogenic influence. Intensive poaching has attracted a number of predators to set-tlements (wolves, foxes), responsive to the carrion and the remnants of caught marmots. Destruction of burrows promotes other animals living in them, including predatory ones. Individual families steppe marmot in the process of expansion of colonies, expand their feeding grounds due to the surrounding agricultural fields, arranging them food and shelter holes.
Pecularities of the seasonal development of the northern oak in the Bryansk region
Authors: Граборов  , Graborov Aleksandr , Шошин  , Shoshin Vladimir
Published: July 2017

The article presents the data of phenological observations for the period of 2011-2013 for northern oak (Quercus borealis) and English oak (Quercus robur) in the training and experimental forestry of BSETA (Bryansk region). An attempt was made to identify the relationship between the amount of effective tem-peratures, the amount of rain and the onset of different phenological phases in northern oak and in Eng-lish oak. The close relationship (r = 0,794) was revealed between the length of the growing season in northern oak and the sum of effective temperatures of air above + 5ºC. Introduced oak, as well as local one, has complete cycle of seasonal development of vegetative and generative organs.
Study of the possibility of using acid-treated wood grinding flour as a filler of urea-formaldehyde adhesives for plywood production
Authors: Лавлинская  , Lavlinskaya Olga , Ищенко  , Ishchenko Tatyana , Самойленков  , Samoylenkov Valeriy
Published: July 2017

The optimal amount of the filler adsorbent has been found, in which the properties of the prepared adhe-sives meet process requirements. The experiments revealed that the chosen filler can perform the function of the hardener adhesive that eliminates the traditional formulation of the chlorine-containing component. To increase the viability of the prepared adhesive composition to 8-12 hours it was suggested to add to the composition of the adhesive 20 % solution of ammonia water.
Mathematical model of site-maker for the formation sites around the stumps
Authors: Поздняков  , Pozdnyakov Evgeniy
Published: July 2017

Technological process and design of site-maker is proposed with flexible working bodies in the form of rope pieces, performing remote of the soil by sites around stumps for their grinding below ground level in order to improve the quality of tillers on cutting and efficiency of the cutting machine elements to reduce the stumps by reducing wear and tear resulting from their contact with soil particles. A mathematical model of site-maker is developed, system of equations describing the device as a whole and interaction of the elements of flexible working bodies, soil and stump one another are presented.
Investigation of the kinematics and dynamics of propulsor of track harvester
Authors: Клубничкин  , Klubnichkin Evgeniy , Клубничкин  , Klubnichkin Vladislav , Бухтояров  , Bukhtoyarov Leonid
Published: July 2017

The research of multilink mechanism on the example of propulsor track harvester ЛЗ-5 was made. Propulsor of track harvester (CH) is a multilink mechanism, as it consists of track tracks, including a large number of tracks hingedly connected to each other. For research, we selected the program UM Tracked Vehicles, as it is most appropriate for the task. At the stage of development of the design documentation, such virtual testing in economic terms is more favorable than the natural prototype testing.
Advantages and disadvantages of high-speed bucket elevators as compared to the low-speed ones
Authors: Шатохин  , Shatokhin Ivan , Парфенов  , Parfenov Aleksey
Published: July 2017

Experiments were carried out, which allowed establishing the optimal speed of the belt with buckets, to reduce feedback rash. The dependence of the mass of the load on the belt of the bucket elevator from its high-speed mode, the dependence of the area of the shoe of the bucket elevator from its high-speed mode and the dependence of the specific area of the shoe of the bucket elevator from its high-speed operation were built. As a result, it was found that high-speed bucket elevators as compared with the low-speed ones have smaller dimensions per unit of performance, and the height of the unit of conveying grain.
Innovative infrastructure of forestry systems : forest breeding and seed production centers
Authors: Васильев  , Vasilev Igor , Морковина  , Morkovina Svetlana , Иванова  , Ivanova Anna
Published: July 2017

The article describes the features of creation of forest infrastructure in the afforestation and the need for the creation and development of innovative forest infrastructure objects - forest breeding and seed pro-duction centers is proved. Creating FBSPC with the participation of the state through the mechanism of public-private partnership leads to the absence of depreciation charges, and as a consequence of decrease in the total production costs.
Analysis of structural changes and major trends in the development of logging industry in the global market
Authors: Стариков  , Starikov Evgeniy , Прядилина  , Pryadilina Natalya , Мезенова  , Mezenova Valentina
Published: July 2017

Reducing of the rate of the world economy growth in the period 2007-2008 had clearly reflected on the working of the world forest sector. Along with the new macroeconomic conditions, the emergence of new trends and markets associated with the development of the information technology and using of the re-newable energy sources had an impact on the composition and structure of the forest products markets, and, consequently, the production structure of the world forest sector. In general, today there is a situation of saturation on the commercial timber market and in the medium term a slow growth with increasing competition between suppliers of raw wood can be forecasted in the world logging sector.
Simulation of conditions for economic accessibility of forest resources and the information base for evaluation
Authors: Третьяков  , Tretyakov Aleksandr
Published: July 2017

Improving the system of payments for forest resources, based on an economic assessment of their availa-bility is one of the main directions of development of market relations in forestry. Assessing the economic accessibility of forest resources helps to balance the interests of forest stakeholders and can act an effec-tive tool for forest planning. The criterion of economic accessibility of forest resources is equal or exceeds the value of forest rent of value of the standard cost of reproduction, and protection of forests. Economic accessibility is advisable to determine on the basis of the application of the standard method.
Multiphase acyclic model of the system of goods distribution of furniture holding
Authors: Тонких  , Tonkikh Dmitriy , Данилов  , Danilov Aleksandr , Афоничев  , Afonichev Dmitriy
Published: July 2017

System of goods distribution of furniture holding as a weighted directed graph is modeled. Based on the obtained structure synthesized multiphase acyclic queuing system with non-rectilinear sequence of pas-sage and branching structure is get. The choice of the way in which the application will move through the graph, is made by the decision of the transportation problem for each step of movement of queuing sys-tem. Optimal traffic management for the reduced structure is tasked. Planned cost of transportation should seek to be minimized. In this formulation, the problem is transport with intermediate points. We formulate this problem for the considered case with two layers of intermediate points.
Modelling of ionization effects and the effects of displacement in digital chips for CAD
Authors: Ачкасов  , Achkasov V. , Чевычелов  , Chevychelov Yu. , Анциферова  , Antsiferova V. , Лавлинский  , Lavlinskiy V. , Зольников  , Zolnikov Vladimir , Сербулов  , Serbulov Yuriy , Табаков  , Tabakov Yu.
Published: July 2017

The methods of design of digital fault-tolerant bipolar integrated circuits to exposure to radiations such as gamma, x-ray and neutron radiation are considered, as well as the impact of the neutron pulse, which af-fect largely on the gain of the transistor. The operating mode of integrated circuits with change in the ini-tial values of voltages, as well as currents of the emitter and of the base is presented. Numerical calcula-tions of the ionization current in the base-collector junction are considered which allow pre-calculate dose rate of gamma, x-ray and neutron radiation.
Analysis of the lease payments and coefficients to the rates of payment per unit area of forest plots
Authors: Животягина  , Zhivotyagina Nina , Орехова  , Orekhova Nadezhda
Published: July 2017

Detailed analysis of used methods and rates of payment for forestry showed that almost all being based on the payment rates that correspond to the Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation dated May 22, 2007 № 310. The differences are given only at applicable coefficients, justification is absent. Some of the data for the calculation of the coefficients of payment rates are interesting and can be recommended for application on the territory of urban forests of Kursk. In the Kursk region forestry legislation is developed enough.
Clinical utility of virtual reality in pain management: a comprehensive research review
Authors: Matsangidou Maria , Ang Chee Siang , Sakel Mohamed
Published: July 2017

Virtual reality is a technology that allows users to experience a computer-simulated reality with visual, auditory, tactile and olfactory aspects. In recent decades, there has been considerable interest in using virtual reality for clinical purposes, including pain management. This articles describes a systematic review of research on virtual reality and pain management, with the aim of examining the feasibility of using virtual reality technologies and content design approaches in real-world clinical situations. More specifically, this article focuses on consumer virtual reality technologies. An exhaustive search identified 29 relevant studies from 2009 to 2016. Overall, the studies indicate that virtual reality is an effective technology to ameliorate pain in clinical settings. However, their results are inconclusive. Further research is needed to discover under which circumstances virtual reality is an efficient tool and the attributes or characteristics of virtual reality that are crucial in pain management.
Long-term unemployed Finnish interviewees address deservingness: separating, declining and enriching as means of resisting
Authors: Tarkiainen Laura
Published: July 2017

This article explores how Finnish long-term unemployed interviewees resist the unemployment category applied to them in interview settings by addressing different deservingness cues. Data collection occurred through group and individual interviews among 70 long-term unemployed individuals with limitations to their ability to work. During analysis, three means of resistance were identified and named: ‘separating’, ‘declining’ and ‘enriching’ through which the interviewees address their proximity to ‘us’, neediness and lack of control.
Entre la integridad y la segregación. La violencia y la conflictividad socioeconómica en la judería de Inca (Mallorca, siglo XIV)
Authors: Maíz Chacón Jorge
Published: July 2017

En el texto se analiza la presencia de judíos en el Reino de Mallorca, especialmente en la población de Inca. A lo largo de la Edad Media, la minoría hebrea se instalará con diferente suerte en el interior de Mallorca, conociendo una etapa de gran crecimiento económico y demográfico. En el tránsito del siglo XIII al XIV, la minoría judía poco a poco pasará de una etapa de convivencia y tolerancia a otra de gran conflictividad entre cristianos y judíos. Los problemas se irán generalizando hasta la ruptura final de esa ‘convivencia’ con el asalto y el saqueo del barrio judío de Inca en el año 1391.
Francesc Eiximenis y la política escolar de la ciudad de Valencia (1389-1412)
Authors: Cruselles Gómez José María
Published: July 2017

En el año 1399 el consejo municipal de la ciudad de Valencia encargó al teólogo Francesc Eiximenis la redacción de un reglamento para las escuelas de la ciudad. Se trataba de un proyecto polémico, ya que la política educativa causaba enfrentamientos entre el Consell y la catedral, pero también dentro del mismo gobierno municipal. La opinión de la oligarquía se encontraba dividida entre los partidarios del intervencionismo y los que defendían la completa libertad de enseñanza recogida en los Fueros del reino desde los tiempos del rey Jaime I. La obra de Eiximenis no hizo un tratamiento profundo ni decidido del problema. El franciscano asumía en un lugar los decretos conciliares que habían inspirado la normativa legal valenciana, para animar en otros la intervención de los poderes laicos. Su opinión (o su falta de opinión) refleja bien el comportamiento errático de la política escolar en el periodo 1389-1412, uno de los más convulsos de la historia medieval valenciana.
Dos visiones del conflicto petrista-trastámara: las Crónicas de Ayala y las Memorias de Leonor López de Córdoba
Authors: Devia Cecilia
Published: July 2017

Se presentan las diferentes etapas de la confrontación entre los partidarios de Pedro I y Enrique II de Castilla: la formación de ambos bandos durante el reinado de Pedro I, la guerra civil que permitió la superposición de dos reyes durante casi tres años y culminó con la muerte de Pedro en manos de su hermanastro Enrique, y la persistencia de focos petristas durante el reinado de este último. Se emplean específicamente dos fuentes, cada una representativa de uno de los bandos en pugna: las Crónicas de Pero López de Ayala y las Memorias de doña Leonor López de Córdoba, comparando sus diferencias de género, de grados de subjetividad, de objetivos, los posibles públicos a los que estaban dirigidas, la intencionalidad de sus construcciones, etc. La documentación permite ver que la violencia no recae sólo en el individuo implicado en determinado acto, sino que afecta a toda la familia. Se intentará mostrar como, a pesar de que Pedro pasó a la historia como el rey Cruel –en gran parte gracias a las Crónicas de Ayala– desde el bando contrario también hubo formas de violencia que permiten establecer un paralelo.
Después de Isabel la Católica: la última rebelión medieval de Toledo
Authors: López Gómez Óscar
Published: July 2017

Aunque durante la época de los Reyes Católicos los esfuerzos de la monarquía para apaciguar a la población de Toledo habían sido continuos, pues se trataba de un núcleo urbano favorable a los disturbios y los alborotos –como evidenciaban las revueltas ocurridas en 1449 y 1467–, tras el fallecimiento de la reina Isabel en 1504 el orden público de la urbe degeneró rápidamente, al tiempo que renacían antiguas disputas entre las facciones de los Ayala y los Silva. Esto, unido a las presiones del marqués de Villena por hacerse con el control de la urbe, desembocó en un motín a cuyo frente se puso el líder de los Ayala que estaría a punto de arrastrar a Toledo a una conflagración de parcialidades como no se recordaba desde la década de 1470.
Economía de guerra y comercio cross-cultural en la frontera del Mediterráneo oriental. La isla de Rodas a mediados del siglo XV
Authors: Soldani Elisa
Published: July 2017

En la baja Edad Media la isla de Rodas se situaba en una zona fronteriza, un espacio privilegiado para la negociación identitaria donde el comercio crosscultural se mezclaba con la economía de la guerra. A nivel geográfico estaba puesta en un punto de conexión entre importantes rutas comerciales y, a la vez, constreñida por los dominios musulmanes, lo que quedaba del Imperio bizantino, las colonias venecianas y genovesas y el Chipre de los Lusignan. Su principal característica era la de ser gobernada por una orden monástico-militar que hacía de la defensa de la Cristiandad su principal razón de ser y que, formalmente, no podía dedicarse directamente a las actividades comerciales. En este artículo se ponen de manifiesto las interacciones entre los Sanjuanistas y los mercaderes de distinto origen y fe que acudían a la isla de Rodas y que apoyaban la Orden en sus necesidades de poblamiento, defensa, abastecimiento y transferencias de dinero.
Equiradial designs under changing axial distances, design sizes and varying center runs with their relationships to the central composite designs
Authors: Iwundu Mary , Onu Henry
Published: July 2017

In assessing the preferences of equiradial designs based on design size, axial distance and number of center points in relation to the central composite designs, D-absolute deviation (D-AD) and G-absolute deviation (G-AD) are proposed as new design measures of closeness of experimental designs. Each absolute deviation is positive or zero. The G-absolute deviation is zero or approximately zero at  equals 1 center point. For  greater than 1, G-absolute deviation decreases for increasing values of . On the other hand, the D-absolute deviation decreases as the design size increases. Designs having G-AD values of zero or approximately zero are identical or near identical in G-optimality properties. Also, designs having D-AD values of zero or approximately zero are identical or near identical in D-optimality properties. It is conjecturally hoped that at some increased design size, the equiradial designs and the central composite designs, having same axial or radial distance will coincide (be identical) in their properties, with D-AD value of zero or approximately zero.
Determinants of modern contraceptive preference among mothers (15-49 years) in central zone, Tigray region, Ethiopia; qualitative study finding
Authors: Gebremedhin Merhawi , Belachew Ayele , Desta Demeke
Published: July 2017

Contraceptive method choice is a fundamental indicator of quality of care in a family planning program. Contraceptive choice is one component of quality in family planning and offering minimum of three modern methods of contraceptives is a critical indicator. One-third of developing countries have many skewed method mixes, which is a risky for discontinuation, contraceptive dissatisfaction and unintended pregnancy. In Ethiopia, the prevalence of contraceptive is highly skewed, 76% for injectable. Therefore, the purpose of qualitative study was to assess determinants of modern contraceptive preference among reproductive age (15-49 years) in Central Zone of Tigray.Methodology: the study was conducted in the central zone of Tigray and community, and facility based qualitative cross-sectional study was applied. Six focus group discussion entails of reproductive age mothers and 15 In-depth Interview with health workers constitutes the sample. Data was first transcribed and then translated into English language. Open code software was applied to analyze data and data was coded segment by segment then categorized using thematic analysis to give meaning.Result: community’s awareness and acceptance to use modern contraceptives have improved from time to time. Contraceptive preference is determined by community acceptance, health care system problem, individual context and socio-cultural problem. For majority of respondents, preference to long acting contraceptive is mainly influenced by husband.Conclusion: currently, women are preferring short-acting contraceptive preferably injectable than long acting.Implanon is preferred next to injectable. A strong information, education and communication that address all portions of the population and able to change the community’s attitude should do at the grass root level.
Factors affecting the success of internationally awarded Turkish chefs
Authors: Eren Serdar , Güldemir Osman
Published: July 2017

IntroductionOver the past few decades restaurant business has boomed in Turkey. New styles and techniques are implemented to cuisine and chefs became more equipped in terms of skills and knowledge. However, there is a lack of a number of awarded Turkish chefs known in the international arena. Purpose:This paper tries to identify the operational and cultural factors related to the absence of Turkish chefs and restaurants in the culinary world.  The importance of this research is to analyze the reasons behind the success of Turkish award-winning chefs to help the young willing Turkish chefs throughout their career success paths to International Arena.Method and material: Semi-structured interviews are conducted with the award-winning Turkish chefs. The data gathered from the interviews are analyzed through the categorization of the factors previously found from the literature. Findings are discussed in this manner.Results and Discussion:Chefs’ philosophies which shape the concepts of their restaurants is the most important factor for success, the philosophy also triggers the creativity and innovation. Selection of products and employee in terms of the availability, quality, and sustainability is another important factor. Most of the chefs are having a struggle in costs and pricing since this factor mostly relies on the cultural profile of the customers.