bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Thought Is in Itself a Dangerous Operation”: The Campaign Against “Revolutionary Machinations” in Germany, 1819–1828
Authors: Williamson George S.
Published: May 2015

This paper examines the formation of a counterrevolutionary surveillance regime in the German Confederation in the wake of Karl Sand’s assassination of August von Kotzebue in March 1819. Its focus is less the institutions and mechanisms of surveillance than the ideological lens through which police and state officials construed the threat of “revolutionary machinations.” Relying on the Mainz Central Investigative Commission’s Hauptbericht and other sources, this paper argues that investigators were determined to expose the “dangerous” thoughts of German radicals, to whom they attributed the notorious maxim “the end justifies the means,” and that such assumptions shaped the self-conceptions of the radicals themselves.
“Close together, though miles and miles apart”: Family, Distance, and Emotion in the Letters of the Taylor Sisters, 1881-1921
Authors: Eyford Ryan C.
Published: May 2015

L’auteur analyse ici les lettres que se sont échangées pendant près de 60 ans cinq sœurs établies dans trois pays. Nées à Kingston (Canada-Ouest) entre 1851 et 1861, Elizabeth (Lizzie), Anna, Caroline (Carrie), Jane, and Susanna (Susie) Taylor ont passé une bonne partie de leur vie à se déplacer entre diverses parties de l’Amérique du Nord. En 1882, Susie s’en alla vivre en Islande, où elle demeura le reste de sa vie. Les lettres qu’elle a reçues de ses sœurs rendent compte de l’évolution de leurs relations au fur et à mesure que le temps et la distance rendaient leur séparation permanente; elles donnent aussi une idée des pensées, des sentiments et des expériences de proches parentes vivant dans des conditions sociales et économiques très différentes les unes des autres. Le caractère hautement personnel de bon nombre de lettres laisse entrevoir les moyens par lesquels les sœurs ont tenté de repousser les limites du médium à leur disposition afin de préserver un sentiment de lien affectif.
Le saint sacrifice de la marche : pieds, charité et statut social dans les confréries portugaises à l’époque moderne
Authors: Sá Isabel Dos Guimarães
Published: May 2015

In 16 th -century Portugal, owning a horse was still a crucial requirement to attain the status of noble. Throughout the Early Modern Period, to walk was a sign of social disqualification, except in certain rituals at court where participants were required to stand. Above all, confraternal rituals required nobles to be on foot as a symbol of charity; they had to walk or stand while visiting the deserving poor or taking part in processions, funeral cortèges, or the washing of feet on Maundy Thursday. However, nobles often sought to have others attend these events on their behalf. Over time, the medieval privileges that had placed such great importance on horse ownership transformed into prejudices that were difficult to eradicate, even in the performance of rites.
Love as an Act of Dissimulation in “The Beast in the Jungle”
Authors: Kwon Teckyoung
Published: May 2015

I will explore various psychological concepts of memory, consciousness, and love as endless talking, postulated by William James, Freud, and Lacan. The goal of this essay is to show that Marcher’s epiphany does not simply involve his recognition of the fact that he has wasted time that could have been spent in a meaningful relationship with May; it also encompasses his understanding that consciousness is not “a stuff,” or an entity, but rather a process, as William James defined it. Ironically, this awareness is achieved only as he abandons his search for “knowledge.”
Henry James’s Dramas of Cultivation: Liberalism and Democracy in The Bostonians and The Princess Casamassima
Authors: Coit Emily
Published: May 2015

This article identifies an overlooked discursive context for Henry James's novels of 1886. Liberal political thought pervaded both James’s transatlantic intellectual milieu and the pages of the periodicals in which he published his work; the novels, I argue, engage critically with the democratic ideal of widespread cultivation prized by late nineteenth-century American liberalism. This engagement becomes visible only when we adopt a revised understanding of that liberalism, giving fresh attention to its overt agenda of cultivation and democracy. The novels enact the difficulties inherent in that agenda: by staging liberal cultivations that end tragically, they dramatize democratic liberalism's internal contradictions.
Hume’s Citation of Strabo and the Dating of the Memoranda
Authors: Miller Jon Charles
Published: May 2015

In this discussion note, I put forth evidence to argue against the recent assertions made in favor of the late 1740s or early 1750s date for the composition of Hume’s memoranda. In particular, I show that the claims made regarding Hume’s reference to Strabo in the memoranda do not provide evidence for such a late date of composition but, rather, provide evidence for the date of composition being considerably earlier.
Heralds of Duty: The Sephardic Italian Jewish Theological Seminary of Sabato Morais
Authors: Kiron Arthur
Published: May 2015

The institutional history of the Jewish Theological Seminary has mostly been told in relation to the emergence of the Conservative movement of Judaism in the United States and in relation to the Jüdisch-Theologisches Seminar after which it was named, founded by Zecharias Frankel in 1854. The biography and religious outlook of the first president of the Jewish Theological Seminary, a Sephardic Italian Jew named Sabato Morais (1823-1897), are mined as sources for exploring an alternative account. This essay argues for ideological and institutional discontinuity between the Jewish Theological Seminary (JTS), founded in 1886 and the re-organized seminary incorporated under the name "The Jewish Theological Seminary of America (JTSA) in 1902. Morais’s program of rabbinical education was not solely a response to American conditions of religious reform and insular orthodoxy; nor was it a moderate compromise between the two. Morais’s Seminary was consistent with the educational program of enlightened observant Sephardic and Italian Jewish traditions in which he was raised and which he had taught throughout his nearly half-century ministry in Philadelphia (1851-1897). In articulating the character of the JTS, Morais placed the values of duty and humility at the core of his rabbinical training program. His program, its historical and religious specificity, may be contrasted with other Jewish orthodoxies during his time. The afterlife of Morais’s religious outlook is then explored via JTS's two most famous graduates, Joseph Hertz, chief rabbi of the British Empire and Mordecai Kaplan, the founder of Reconstructionist Judaism.
Experiencias de teatro socio-cultural en Bolivia: Una tendencia con cincuenta años de camino
Authors: Aimaretti María Gabriela
Published: May 2015

From the decade of the 50s to the present, Bolivia has had groups of cultural production and diffusion that have developed activities with the goals of political intervention, the critical concientización of audiences, the discussion of local social and political matters, and the management and organization of resources in base organizations. These groups have produced theatrical works that represent the local reality, redefine identities, and reconstruct subaltern shared memories. This essay focuses on models of this trend in Bolivian theatre within the context of Theatre of the Andes.
Sur les traces de Pierre Loti: Isabelle Eberhardt ou la fin de l’orientalisme?
Authors: Aitsiselmi Kamila Ouhibi
Published: May 2015

Le but de cet article est de retracer certaines facettes de la vie d’Isabelle Eberhardt à travers son œuvre littéraire largement autobiographique et d’analyser son parcours spirituel de femme occidentale et d’écrivaine en Algérie, pour tenter de comprendre d’un côté, sa passion pour un pays et une culture qui lui étaient totalement étrangers; et de l’autre, pour montrer comment elle a rompu avec l’orientalisme et développé un autre genre de littérature coloniale, bien qu’elle ait été sous grande influence des orientalistes de l’époque et en particulier de Pierre Loti. Contrairement aux récits de voyage des orientalistes dont elle s’est inspirée et dans lesquels peu de place est accordée à la rencontre de l’Autre, Isabelle Eberhardt se prit de passion pour une civilisation à laquelle elle a consacré l’essentiel de son œuvre et aura incarné en quelque sorte la fusion entre l’Orient et l’Occident.
Conquérir la négritude: Considérations inessentielles sur le genre noir
Authors: Alekseeva Alexandra , Schang Fabien
Published: May 2015

Quel message est apporté par le courant littéraire de la négritude, et comment procèdet-il pour le transmettre? C’est par le biais d’une écriture introspective que la diaspora noire a conquis sa dignité et dépassé le stade victimaire, par-delà le seul cadre de la communauté francophone. À travers l’histoire de la traite et de la colonisation, notre lecture procédera en trois phases: une phase locutoire, consacrée à la prise de conscience noire; une phase illocutoire, où seront exposées les différentes réactions de l’intelligentsia noire face à la ségrégation et au passif colonial; une phase perlocutoire, qui conclura l’étude en observant l’impact de la négritude sur la réalité sociale du genre noir. Au-delà du courant historique francophone, l’idée de négritude incarne le problème des constructions d’identité et illustre parfaitement la difficulté de la condition humaine: être ce que nous voulons de ce que les autres veulent faire de nous.
Violence sonore dans le cinéma de l’Afrique occidentale
Authors: Dima Vlad
Published: May 2015

Cet essai signale la présence d’un conflit narratif entre le visuel et l’audio dans le cinéma de l’Afrique au sud du Sahara, particulièrement dans les films d’Ousmane Sembène, Djbril Diop Mambety, Idrissa Ouédraogo, et Abderrahmane Sissako. Le résultat de cet antagonisme est que le son s’installe au premier rang narratif et remplace l’image d’une manière assez agressive et violente. Le son devient par conséquent l’élément narratif qui contribue le plus à la définition du sujet postcolonial.
De la France au Maghreb: À la recherche du soi dans
Authors: Corbin Christophe
Published: May 2015

Comment, d’ailleurs, s’identifier à un pays que l’on ne connait pas? Qu’est-ce qu’être français(e)? Être d’ici ou de là? Quelle part de son identité choisit-on? Autant de questions qui irriguent le premier long métrage de Souad El Bouhati, Française , dont la sortie au printemps 2008 fut l’occasion de revenir sur des topoï de la littérature et du cinéma dits de l’immigration, à savoir le sentiment de vivre en exil et la quête identitaire qui l’accompagne bien souvent. Cet article offre ainsi d’explorer ces questions abordées d’une perspective “inversée” privilégiée avant l’œuvre susmentionnée dans Un Aller simple de Didier Van Cauwelaert, couronné du Goncourt en 1994, et dans Exils de Tony Gatlif, récompensé à Cannes en 2004 pour sa mise en scène.
Féminisme, abolitionnisme et citoyenneté dans La Danse sur le volcan de Marie Chauvet
Authors: Mondésir Lovia
Published: May 2015

Dans son roman La Danse sur le volcan , Marie Chauvet décrit l’univers théâtral de Saint-Domingue et éclaire la participation des femmes dans les luttes contre l’esclavage. Elle représente des personnages féminins qui remettent en question certaines prescriptions culturelles coloniales. Ainsi, Chauvet produit un récit novateur de la Révolution haïtienne: elle signale que la solidarité féminine transforme le récit de l’émulation des classes et des races en un discours d’entraide sociale et raciale. Empruntant notre approche méthodologique à Judith Butler (fluidité performative), Kimberlé Crenshaw et Patricia Hill Collins (intersectionnalité), nous démontrerons que Chauvet peint l’esclavage comme une triple domination sexuelle, sociale et raciale. En outre, elle décrit l’engagement politique des femmes et propose un modèle national dans lequel ces trois hégémonies disparaissent. Les femmes envisagent un bien-être collectif généralisé et la construction d’une nation idéale qui repose sur un universalisme réel et ne se limite pas exclusivement à des sujets masculins.
Novel Devotions: Conversional Reading, Computational Modeling, and the Modern Novel
Authors: Piper Andrew
Published: May 2015

What would it mean for a novel to turn us as we turn its pages? How are we not simply moved, but transformed—turned around —through the novel’s combination of gestural and affective structures? How might we think, in other words, about the correspondences between the novel’s technics and its tropes in its ability to assume meaning for us as a genre on a profound personal level? This essay explores the use of computational models to understand the novel’s relationship to the narration of profound change as a vehicle of readerly devotion. It aims to give us new techniques for thinking about the novel’s significance as a genre, a significance that depends less on forms of critical estrangement and more on felt experiences of pronounced transformation. In doing so, it outlines the potential impact that the practice of computational modeling might have on our own affective attachments as critical readers.
What is Carnal Hermeneutics?
Authors: Kearney Richard
Published: May 2015

What is the sense of sense? How do we read between the lines of skin and flesh? How do we interpret the world with our bodily senses, and especially those senses long neglected in western philosophy—taste and touch? How, in other words, do we discern the world as this or that, as hospitable or hostile, as attractive or repulsive, as tasty or tasteless, as living or dying? These are key questions of carnal hermeneutics.
Knights of Death: Introducing Bicycles and Motor Vehicles to Turin, 1890–1907
Authors: Moraglio Massimo
Published: May 2015

The aim of this article is to investigate, through a case study from the city of Turin, the reaction to the arrival of bicycles and automobiles in Italy. It focuses on the early years of bicycle and automobile use, using municipal council minutes, local newspapers, and satirical magazines as sources. The introduction of velocipedes and cars disrupted the traditional use of roads as public spaces, generating protests against the new transport devices, especially with regard to safety concerns resulting from the transgression of traditional uses of urban streets, the speed of vehicles, and the anonymity of riders and drivers.
Safety or Efficiency?: Strategies and Conflicting Interests in Belgian Road-Safety Policy, 1920–1940
Authors: Weber Donald
Published: May 2015

After World War I, automobile ownership became a mass phenomenon in Belgium, as in most other industrialized countries. Unfortunately, road-casualty figures soon followed. By the mid-1930s, traffic accidents had become the main cause of accidental deaths. There was clearly a need for a renewed road-safety policy. Public authorities in Belgium, however, were suspiciously reluctant to take new measures. While there was a public outcry for more severe regulation of motorized traffic and several MPs backed bills to this effect, motoring associations lobbied against traffic legislation reforms. In order to understand the Belgian government’s hesitation, this article looks at the key strategies of the actors involved in the decision-making process concerning traffic policy. Such strategies included, among others: the creation of detailed traffic-accident statistics, revision of traffic legislation, and support for mass traffic-education campaigns. Eventually, public officials stepped in and created a new technocratic traffic regime in the 1930s, yet their prime concern was not road-user safety, but the efficiency of traffic streams.
Rethinking the musical ensemble: A model for collaborative learning in higher education music technology
Authors: Ben-Tal Oded , Salazar Diana
Published: May 2015

Kudac (Kingston University Digital Arts Collective) is an electronic improvisation ensemble that brings staff and students together for weekly musicking with technology – incorporating resources ranging from conventional instruments, to computers, to hacked circuit boards. A central element of the ensemble from its inception has been its democratic approach – staff and students explore the musical possibilities and challenges together and gradually mould their practice through a free exchange. In this article we consider the contribution of this ensemble in several overlapping domains: in relation to the individual students, in the context of a higher education music department, and at the intersection of research and teaching. We first survey the structure and activities of the ensemble, contextualizing this with reference to existing research in the fields of laptop performance, free improvisation and musical identity formation. We use this as a platform for tracing how such an ensemble may aid the social construction and shaping of creative identities at both an individual and collective level. We then examine the opportunities and challenges for a music department hosting such an ensemble before highlighting areas for future study.
Preparing the music technology toolbox: Addressing the education-industry dilemma
Authors: Davis Robert , Parker Steven , Thompson Paul
Published: May 2015

The growth in popularity of Music Technology degree programmes in the United Kingdom has been paralleled by the apparent decline in informal apprenticeship systems that have typically provided a gateway to employment in the recording industry. This article takes a critical approach to the tensions that exist between higher education and the music industries by exploring contemporary and historical approaches of apprenticeship. Drawing on interviews with industry professionals, current students and recent graduates who have achieved some success in the music industries, this article explores some of the perceptions, myths and contradictions of the apprenticeship-training model with changes in the contemporary professional environment. Our findings suggest that training for the music industries is more flexible and open-ended than some of the published narratives on apprenticeship would suggest. In addition, educational frameworks over the past twenty years have often focused on the technical aspects of studio practice at the expense of the social, aesthetic and human skills required by the industry. These formal frameworks often only focus on the transference of knowledge to the individual diminishing or ignoring the important processes of interaction with the participants in the field. Using the metaphor of a professional ‘toolbox’, we argue that there is a need for an approach that reconsiders the industry-education divide and considers the value of the educational process in a much wider, contemporary framework. Some twenty years since the initial development of Music Technology programmes in the United Kingdom, and in the context of the rapidly changing nature of the music industries, it is an appropriate time to reconsider the nature and relevance of Music Technology programmes in higher education.
Android Malware Detection Using Kullback-Leibler Divergence
Authors: Cooper Vanessa N. , Haddad Hisham M. , Shahriar Hossain
Published: May 2015

Many recent reports suggest that mareware applications cause high billing to victims by sending and receiving hidden SMS messages. Given that, there is a need to develop necessary technique to identify malicious SMS operations as well as differentiate between good and bad SMS operations within applications.In this paper, we apply Kullback-Leibler Divergence (KLD) as a distance metric to identify the difference between good and bad SMS operations. We develop a set of elements that represent sending or receiving of SMS messages, both legitimately and maliciously. Then, we compare the divergence of the trained set of elements. Our evaluation shows that the divergence between good and bad applications remains significantly high, whereas between two applications performing the same SMS operations remain low. We evaluate the proposed KLD-based concept for identifying a set of malware applications. The initial results show that our approach can identify all known malware and has less false positive warning.
PROTON STOPPING POWER OF DIFFERENT DENSITY PROFILE PLASMAS
Authors: Casas David , Barriga-Carrasco Manuel D. , Andreev Alexander A. , Schnürer Matthias , Morales Roberto
Published: May 2015

In this work, the stopping power of a partially ionized plasma is analyzed by means of free electron stopping and bound electron stopping. For the first instance, the RPA dielectric function is used, and for the latter one, an interpolation of high and low projectile velocity formulas is used. The dynamical energy loss of a ion beam inside a plasma is estimated by using an iterative scheme of calculation. The Abel inversion is also applied when we have a plasma with radial symmetry. Finally, we compare our methods with two kind of plasmas. In the first one, we estimate the energy loss in a plasma created by a laser prepulse, whose density is approximated by a piecewise function. For the latter one, a radial electron density is supposed and the stopping is obtained as a function of radius from the calculated lateral points. In both cases, the dependence with the density profile is observed.
COMPARISON OF COOLING SCHEMES FOR HIGH HEAT FLUX COMPONENTS COOLING IN FUSION REACTORS
Authors: Domalapally Phani Kumar , Entler Slavomir
Published: May 2015

Some components of the fusion reactor receives high heat fluxes either during the startup and shutdown or during the operation of the machine. This paper analyzes different ways of enhancing heat transfer using helium and water for cooling of these high heat flux components and then conclusions are drawn to decide the best choice of coolant, for usage in near and long term applications.
IMMOBILISATION OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES USING PLASMA MODIFICATION
Authors: Hájková Pavlína , Tichý David , Čmelík Jiří , Antoš Petr
Published: May 2015

This paper presents a study of the immobilization of humic substances (HSs) on a polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric. In order to attach the HSs, the PP nonwoven fabric was modified in a volume of nonthermal atmospheric pressure dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) under defined conditions. An unmodified PP nonwoven fabric was used as a reference sample. The modified and unmodified samples were both dipped in an aqueous solution of potassium humate, and then the samples were washed in water and the amount of HSs attached to the PP fabric was monitored. An aqueous solution of cadmium salts was filtered through the treated fabric, the content of Cd2+ in the solution was monitored using ICP-OES analysis, and the Cd2+ sorbed on the fabric was proved by SEM/EDS analysis. The efficiency of the PP plasma modification was proved by XPS analysis, and the presence and the distribution of the HSs along the fibers was proved by SEM analysis.
COMPARISON BETWEEN 2D TURBULENCE MODEL ESEL AND EXPERIMENTAL DATA FROM AUG AND COMPASS TOKAMAKS
Authors: Ondac Peter , Horacek Jan , Seidl Jakub , Vondrácek Petr , Müller Hans Werner , Adámek Jirí , Nielsen Anders Henry
Published: May 2015

In this article we have used the 2D fluid turbulence numerical model, ESEL, to simulate turbulent transport in edge tokamak plasma. Basic plasma parameters from the ASDEX Upgrade and COMPASS tokamaks are used as input for the model, and the output is compared with experimental observations obtained by reciprocating probe measurements from the two machines. Agreements were found in radial profiles of mean plasma potential and temperature, and in a level of density fluctuations. Disagreements, however, were found in the level of plasma potential and temperature fluctuations. This implicates a need for an extension of the ESEL model from 2D to 3D to fully resolve the parallel dynamics, and the coupling from the plasma to the sheath.
Life Above Earth: An Introduction
Authors: Howe Cymene
Published: May 2015

Life Above Earth is a deterrestrialization of anthropological thought. It is an introductory exploration of vitalities, materials, and movements that are skyward, spacey, and atmospheric, asking how a new generation of anthropological work might see old habits in novel domains, find habitats where we thought there were none, and entangle our theorizing with intraconnective potential. Anthropocenic times demand an ascendant orientation as we become conscious climate inhabitants living within weather-weathered political economies. To analytically inhabit life above earth means moving beyond simply charting the space above us and instead seeking out forms of porous mutuality.
Anticipatory States: Tsunami, War, and Insecurity in Sri Lanka
Authors: Choi Vivian Y.
Published: May 2015

In 2004, a tsunami caused unprecedented damage and destruction in the Indian Ocean region. For Sri Lanka, the second-most affected country, with over thirty-thousand deaths and five-hundred-thousand displaced, the tsunami resulted in the introduction of new disaster management institutions, logics, and technologies. The formation and implementation of these new institutions, logics, and technologies must be understood alongside a human-made disaster: the decades-long civil war between the Sri Lankan government and the militant insurgent group of the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE). I outline the ways that the tsunami opened the door for national and social restructuring in Sri Lanka: the devastation of the tsunami and the logics of disaster risk management that followed it offered a political opening for new techniques of state power and projects of nation-building—a process I call disaster nationalism. This governmentality of disaster risk management plays out through an anticipation of disasters, in which disasters, both natural and human-made, are ever-possible future threats that justify ongoing practices and technologies of securitization. Yet state attempts to control the future remain in constant tension with the attitudes and opinions of people who have been affected by both the tsunami and war. These collective relations, practices, and structures of feelings are what I refer to as anticipatory states. From the calculative risk management projects of the Sri Lankan state to the everyday state of being ready and aware in the spaces of disaster, anticipation weaves into and out of experiences and encounters, its different forms and possibilities shaped by complexly layered histories and landscapes of disaster and violence, and, even, forces beyond the control of the anticipatory state.
Az elhízás anyagcsere-szövődményei serdülőkorban, különös tekintettel az emelkedett húgysavszintek előfordulására
Authors: Ságodi László , Fehér Viktória , Kiss-Tóth Emőke , Almási Andrea , Barkai László
Published: May 2015

Introduction: Obesity is a social problem worldwide that leads to several diseases, including metabolic syndrome, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. It is known that hyperuricemia in adults may be associated with these disorders. Aim: The aim of the authors was to investigate the frequency of metabolic syndrome and hyperuricemia and their relationship among obese adolescents. Method: This was a cross-sectional study. The authors analysed the data of 162 overweight or obese adolescents (100 boys and 62 girls) who were previously investigated in a paediatric endocrinology consultation. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were evaluated in all subjects. Healthy, age-matched, non obese girls (n = 20) and boys (n = 26) were used as controls. The age of overweight or obese boys was: 12±2.1 and overweight or obese girls was 11±2.5 years. In the control group the age of boys was 12.9±2.5 years and the age of girls was 13.2±1.6 years. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between uric acid and clinical and laboratory findings associated with metabolic syndrome. Results: Obese or overweight subjects had greater BMI SDS (boys, 3.4±1.3 vs 0.05±0.4 in controls, p<0.0001; girls, 3.75±1.4 vs 0.72±0.9 in controls, p = 0.0001), waist circumference (boys, 90.1±9.2 vs 82.3±6.4 cm in controls; girls, 90.2±8.6 vs 78.1±7.2 cm in controls, p<0.001), higher systolic blood pressure (boys, 125±14.3 vs 118.2±10.8 mmHg in controls, p = 0.02; girls, 125.8±11.8 vs 119.8±8.8 mmHg in controls, p<0.01), diastolic blood pressure (boys, 78.4±9.1 vs 71.2±8.0 mmHg in controls, p = 0.0003; girls, 76.45±7.2 vs 73.2±6.3 mmHg in controls, p = 0.0453). The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 45/162 (27.8%) and the prevalence of hyperuricemia was 62/162 (38.3%). Of the 45 subjects with metabolic syndrome, 30 (66.7%) had hyperuricemia. Conclusions: It can be concluded that hyperuricemia is strongly associated with metabolic syndrome. The high concentration of uric acid predicts cardiovascular risk in adulthood. It is important for paediatricians to determine and assess uric acid levels in overweight or obese adolescents. Orv. Hetil., 2015, 156(22), 888–895.
Effectiveness of methodic system of motor functioning’s preventive development in sixth year of children’s life in their physical condition’s improvement
Authors: Galamandjuk L. L.
Published: May 2015

Purpose: to determine effectiveness of simulated system of motor functioning’s preventive development of pre-school children for improvement of their physical (motor) qualities at physical culture classes. Material: In research 5 years old children participated. In control groups they were 75 girls and 75 boys (25 with ambidexterity, 25 withright and 25 with left manual asymmetry). Experimental groups consisted of 60 girls and 60 boys (20 with every variant of manual motor asymmetry). Results: we registered positive influence of symmetric approach to training of children to main movements. It implies realization of all form of physical exercises’ practicing in certain day of working week through creation of motor environment with aerobic mode of children’s motor functioning. It is recommended to use breathing exercises with accent on relaxation and activation of functioning for regulation of mental state in required direction. Conclusions: for achievement of positive results it is important to take measures, oriented on home physical exercises. Interaction with parents for formation of children’s conscious attitude and further practical realization of offered by us means and methods ensure more effective solution of this problem.
Group III-Sb Metamorphic Buffer on Si for p-Channel all-III-V CMOS: Electrical Properties, Growth and Surface Defects
Authors: Sasaki Shun , Madisetti Shailesh , Tokranov Vadim , Yakimov Michael , Hirayama Makoto , Bentley Steven , Galatage Rohit , Jacob Ajey P. , Oktyabrsky Serge
Published: May 2015

Group III-Sb compound semiconductors are promising materials for future CMOS circuits. Especially, In1-xGaxSb is considered as a complimentary p-type channel material to n-type In1-xGaxAs MOSFET due to the superior hole transport properties and similar chemical properties in III-Sb’s to those of InGaAs. The heteroepitaxial growth of In1-xGaxSb on Si substrate has significant advantage for volume fabrication of III-V ICs. However large lattice mismatch between InGaSb and Si results in many growth-related defects (micro twins, threading dislocations and antiphase domain boundaries); these defects also act as deep acceptor levels. Accordingly, unintentional doping in InGaSb films causes additional scattering, increase junction leakages and affects the interface properties. In this paper, we studied the correlations between of defects and hole carrier densities in GaSb and strained In1-xGaxSb quantum well layers by using various designs of metamorphic superlattice buffers.
Structure and Bonding Properties of a 20-Gold-Atom Nanocluster Studied by Theoretical X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy
Authors: Yang Rui , Chevrier Daniel M. , Zhang Peng
Published: May 2015

Gold nanoclusters with precisely controlled atomic composition have emerged as promising materials for applications in nanotechnology because of their unique optical, electronic and catalytic properties. The recent discovery of a 20-gold-atom nanocluster protected by 16 organothiolate molecules, Au20(SR)16, is the smallest member in a surprising series of small gold−thiolate nanoclusters with a face-centered cubic (FCC) ordered core structures. A fundamental challenge facing gold nanocluster research is being able to understand the composition-dependent properties from a site-specific perspective in order to confidently establish structure-property relationships. A step in this direction is to examine the influence of various structural features (core geometry and thiolate-gold bonding motifs) on the bonding properties of gold-thiolate nanoclusters. In this work, ab initio simulations were conducted to systematically study the local structure and electronic properties of Au20(SR)16 from each unique Au and S atomic site using Au L3-edge extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), projected density of states (l-DOS) and S K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES) spectra. Two larger FCC-like gold-thiolate nanoclusters (Au28(SR)20 and Au36(SR)24) were used for a comparative study with Au20(SR)16, providing further predictions about the cluster size effect on the bonding properties of gold-thiolate nanoclusters with FCC-like core structures. Through this comparison, the smaller core size of Au20(SR)16 produces an EXAFS scattering signature that is non-FCC-like but shows very similar electronic properties with a larger FCC-like gold-thiolate nanocluster.
As Cooperativas de Agricultura Familiar e o Mercado de Compras Governamentais em Minas Gerais
Authors: Costa Bianca Aparecida Lima , Amorim Junior Paulo Cesar Gomes , Silva Marcio Gomes da
Published: May 2015

As políticas recentes de compras governamentais que emergiram a partir dos anos 2000, tais como Programa Nacional da Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) e o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), trouxeram oportunidades significativas de acesso a mercados para cooperativas de agricultura familiar no Brasil. Apesar das possibilidades que o PNAE e o PAA oferecem para a agricultura familiar e suas organizações, os programas também apresentam uma série de desafios, na medida em que envolvem diferentes agentes no processo de aquisição de alimentos. Este artigo pretende traçar o perfil das cooperativas de agricultura familiar em Minas Gerais e analisar as principais dificuldades para acessar o mercado institucional. Para tanto, foram analisados os diagnósticos realizados em 19 cooperativas de agricultura familiar em diferentes regiões de Minas Gerais em 2011. Apesar do acesso aos mercados locais em âmbito municipais e regionais, identificou-se que existem questões relacionadas à assistência técnica, adequação sanitária, gestão e logística que impedem as cooperativas de acessar essas políticas nos grandes centros de Minas Gerais.
The social in health: trajectory and contributions of Maria Cecilia Ferro Donnangelo
Authors: Schraiber Lilia Blima , Mota André
Published: May 2015

This text covers the professional and scientific career of Maria Cecilia Ferro Donnangelo, professor, researcher and influential intellectual in the area of Collective Health. Born in 1940, and killed in a car accident in 1983, she actively participated in the emergence of Collective Health in Brazil and greatly influenced the creation of the sub-areas of Social Science and the Humanities in the health field. Her brief biography, contextualized professional choices and scientific production is hereby presented. Graduated in pedagogy at the time of national developmentalism with a post graduation in Sociology, Donnangelo fell into the triangulated area of Education, Sociology and Health, focusing medicine as a social practice and as a profession in society. Always with an eye to human rights and an ongoing dialogue with the modern Brazilian state and public policy, she examined questions of the social aspects in health and education, as well as questions of health education as a social tool. An educator of great prestige, her published work was limited. However, due to her foundational presence, her writings are classic references with assured presence and contributions for today and also vital to the future development of the Brazilian Collective Health.
Community Theater as social support for youth: agents in the promotion of health
Authors: Diba Denise , d'Oliveira Ana Flavia
Published: May 2015

There has been much discussion on promotion of the health of young people in vulnerable situations; but little work has been done analyzing its actual operation - and this is especially true in relation to programs and projects that are outside the health services. This article aims to analyze the relationship of an experience in Community Theater with the promotion of health. It is a qualitative, ethnographic study made at the Pombas Urbanas Institute, in the Cidade Tiradentes district of the municipality of São Paulo, and is coordinated by a theater group with a history that is relevant to the objective of the study. Participatory observation was carried out for one year, with semi-structured interviews with young people, and with actors of the Pombas Urbanas group, and analysis of documents. The theoretical framework that was used is made up of concepts from the fields of collective health, Community Theater, and liberation pedagogy. The results are presented in two interlinked sub-categories which have arisen from the empiric material and from the references adopted: (i) 'True friends', and (ii) 'Dialog'. The analysis clearly shows the importance of this type of theatrical joint experience for the promotion of health by transforming the quality of relationships between people. Concepts of health, culture and education were used in analysis of the results.
Moderate hyperopia prevalence and associated factors among elementary school students
Authors: Castagno Victor Delpizzo , Fassa Anaclaudia Gastal , Vilela Manuel Augusto Pereira , Meucci Rodrigo Dalke , Resende Deiner Paulo Martins
Published: May 2015

Hyperopia is the most common refractive condition in childhood. There are few studies on moderate hyperopia and associated factors. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of moderate hyperopia and associated factors among school children. A cross-sectional study comprising 1,032 students attending 1st to 8th grades at two public schools was conducted in a Southern Brazilian urban area in 2012. Cycloplegia was used to examine both eyes and refractive error was measured through auto-refraction. A socioeconomic and cultural questionnaire was administered. Multivariable analysis was performed through Poisson regression. Moderate hyperopia prevalence was 13.4% (95% CI, 11.2-15.4) and 85% of these did not wear glasses. Age was inversely associated with moderate hyperopia, while female gender RP = 1.39 (95%CI, 1.02 - 1.90) and white skin RP = 1.66 (95%CI, 1.04 - 2.66) were risk factors for this outcome. This study makes progress in estimating mild and moderate hyperopia prevalence both by age range and specific age. It emphasizes how the lack of this condition being corrected in southern Brazil is a serious problem. It highlights the importance of detailing and characterizing the amount of time spent on close-range, long-range and outdoor activities.
Padrões alimentares de mulheres no climatério em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil
Authors: Hoffmann Maichelei , Mendes Karina Giane , Canuto Raquel , Garcez Anderson da Silva , Theodoro Heloísa , Rodrigues Alice Dalpicolli , Olinto Maria Teresa Anselmo
Published: May 2015

Objetivo: Identificar os padrões alimentares e sua relação com o estado menopáusico.Métodos: Estudo transversal com 646 mulheres em atendimento ambulatorial no Sul do Brasil. O consumo alimentar foi avaliado por questionário de frequência e cinco padrões alimentares foram identificados através da análise de componentes principais. O estado menopáusico foi classificado em pré-menopausa, perimenopausa e pós-menopausa.Resultados: Identificaram-se cinco padrões alimentares: frutas e verduras, brasileiro (arroz, feijão e leite), lanches (bolo, xis, pizza, cuca), prudente (peixe, suco natural, pão integral e sopa de legumes) e regional (alimentos típicos na serra gaúcha como carnes vermelhas, aipim e massas). Após ajuste para características sociodemográficas, não verificou-se associação significativa entre o estado menopáusico e os padrões alimentares. Apenas idade, escolaridade e renda mostraram-se associadas com padrões alimentares.Conclusão: Foram identificados cinco padrões alimentares que descreveram o consumo alimentar da população estudada, sendo estes semelhantes ao indicado como ideal para a população brasileira. Nossos achados indicam que o padrão alimentar das mulheres no climatério possui influência significativa da idade, escolaridade e renda e que não sofre influência do estado menopáusico.
Exploring Mexican adolescents' perceptions of environmental health risks: a photographic approach to risk analysis
Authors: Börner Susanne , Albino Juan Carlos Torrico , Caraveo Luz María Nieto , Tejeda Ana Cristina Cubillas
Published: May 2015

The objective of this study was to explore Mexican adolescents' perceptions of environmental health risks in contaminated urban areas, and to test the environmental photography technique as a research tool for engaging adolescents in community-based health research. The study was conducted with 74 adolescents from two communities in the city of San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Participants were provided with disposable cameras and asked to take photographs of elements and situations which they believed affected their personal health both at home and outside their homes. They were also asked to describe each photograph in writing. Photographs and written explanations were analyzed by using quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Risk perception plays a crucial role in the development of Risk Communication Programs (RCPs) aimed at the improvement of community health. The photography technique opens up a promising field for environmental health research since it affords a realistic and concise impression of the perceived risks. Adolescents in both communities perceived different environmental health risks as detrimental to their well-being, e.g. waste, air pollution, and lack of hygiene. Yet, some knowledge gaps remain which need to be addressed.
Medidas de transmissão intergeracional da obesidade no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de , Netto Júnior José Luis da Silva
Published: May 2015

A crescente parcela de indivíduos com excesso de peso na população brasileira realça a relevância de pesquisas nessa área. Assim, este artigo investiga o problema da obesidade do ponto de vista intergeracional, a partir dos índices de massa corporal (IMC) de pais e filhos. As informações sobre o IMC e as variáveis de controle socioeconômicas são oriundas da Pesquisa de Orçamentos Familiares (POF) 2008-2009. A metodologia de análise considera as matrizes de transição markovianas e regressões quantílicas e logísticas com separação por gênero e estrutura da família. Os principais resultados sugerem a existência de uma forte associação entre o IMC dos pais e filhos, com o aumento da fração de crianças obesas em cenários familiares monoparentais e em lares em que ambos os pais são obesos. Pela análise da elasticidade intergeracional quantílica, quanto maior a idade da criança e o seu nível de IMC, maior é o efeito intergeracional das condições de saúde dos pais. Por fim, o papel da obesidade materna sobrepõe-se ao da paterna em termos de transmissão intergeracional da obesidade para os filhos, independentemente do gênero.
Association between social support and quality of life of relative caregivers of elderly dependents
Authors: Anjos Karla Ferraz dos , Boery Rita Narriman Silva de Oliveira , Pereira Rafael , Pedreira Larissa Chaves , Vilela Alba Benemérita Alves , Santos Vanessa Cruz , Rosa Darci de Oliveira Santa
Published: May 2015

Objective: to ascertain the association between the social support and the quality of life of relative caregivers of elderly dependents at home.Method: a cross-sectional study conducted with 58 relative caregivers of elderly dependents, registered in the Family Health Strategy. Data were collected from the Katz instrument, sociodemographic, Zarit Burden Interview, WHOQOL-bref, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and multiple linear regression.Results: the majority of caregivers were women, who took care full-time and presented moderate to severe burden. Most caregivers are satisfied with their social relationships and the social support received. It is found that the burden and the time of care correlated with the social relationships domain, which is associated with social support, and consequently, reduced quality of life.Conclusion: social support for caregivers is important to prevent health implications, burden, biopsychosocial stress, and provide favorable conditions for quality of life, by allowing greater freedom to develop their daily activities.
Indidence of tuberculosis in children in the state of São Paulo, Brazil, under spatial approach
Authors: Venâncio Taís Siqueira , Tuan Tássia Soldi , Nascimento Luiz Fernando Costa
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was to identify spatial patterns in the incidence of childhood tuberculosis in cities in the state of São Paulo. An ecological and exploratory study was carried with data on new cases of tuberculosis in children 0 to 14 years old for the period 2001 to 2005 and from 2006 to 2010, obtained from DATASUS. Data of the population of this age group were collected and raised rates per 100 000 inhabitants. Moran's index (I) was calculated for both periods. Thematic maps with the rates and its difference besides Moran maps, maps with Kernel densities, educational level and income were constructed using using TerraView software. The average rates were 3.23 / 100 000 inhabitants in the first period (2881 cases reported) and 2.13 / 100 000 inhabitants in the second period (2513 cases reported); the Moran index in the first period was I = 0.03 (p = 0.16) and I = 0.06 (p = 0.01) in the second period; the thematic map identified 462 municipalities with higher interest rates in the second period; the kernel map identified higher density rates in the metropolitan region of São Paulo, west coastal cities and in the first period and the second period, the metropolitan region of São Paulo and coastal cities. The data presented in this study provide informations to local and regional managers to implement policies for tuberculosis control.
Crescimento de tambaqui em resposta a densidade de estocagem em tanques-rede
Authors: SILVA Carlos Alberto da , FUJIMOTO Rodrigo Yudi
Published: May 2015

O tambaqui Colossoma macropomum é criado em diferentes sistemas e ambientes com boa produção em tanques-rede. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento do tambaqui em diferentes densidades de estocagem em tanques-rede em lago abastecido com água de chuva e seus efeitos sobre a qualidade ambiental. O experimento foi conduzido em fases consecutivas: recria nas densidades de 50, 100, 200 e 300 alevinos m-3 e terminação nas densidades de 20, 40, e 60 juvenis m-3. A temperatura da água, oxigênio dissolvido, pH e condutividade da água foram medidas diariamente. Amostras de sedimento e água foram coletadas para análise de nitrogênio e fósforo mensalmente. Na recria, a produção de 14,03 kg m-3 foi significativamente maior na densidade de 300 alevinos m-3. O maior peso final foi obtido na densidade de 50 alevinos m-3. A sobrevivência na recria foi superior a 97%. Na terminação, o ganho de peso e o crescimento específico foram inversamente proporcionais as densidades. A conversão alimentar e o fator de condição não foram influenciados pelas densidades testadas. A densidade de 20 juvenis m-3 é a mais adequada para a terminação de tambaquis em tanques-rede. A criação de tambaqui em tanques-rede não alterou os níveis de nitrogênio e fósforo da água do lago. Aumento dos teores de matéria orgânica, nitrogênio e fósforo foram verificados no sedimento abaixo dos tanques-rede, sem causar eventos de eutrofização. O presente estudo demonstrou que a criação de tambaquis em tanques-rede é viável em lagos abastecidos com água de chuva e pode integrar-se aos preceitos dos usos múltiplos da água.