bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Revisitando o feminino
Authors: Almeida Maria Emilia Sousa
Published: July 2019

Este artigo visa discutir aspectos psíquicos e culturais relativos ao feminino, a partir da relação entre o inconsciente e o imaginário cultural. A princípio, a ideia de feminino é tratada em seu aspecto linguístico. A seguir, o método bibliográfico permite recorrer à teoria psicanalítica em duas etapas. A primeira enfoca figuras femininas míticas relevantes nas culturas judaica, cristã e grega, enquanto a segunda apresenta questões inconscientes e conscientes acerca do feminino. Observam-se mudanças da concepção falocêntrica sobre o feminino para outra mais contemporânea e mais independente do masculino como padrão de maior valor na psique e na cultura
The role of e-government systems in ensuring government effectiveness and control of corruption
Authors: Agbozo Ebenezer , Asamoah Benjamin K.
Published: July 2019

E-government systems are a part of the general process of digital transformation in the public sector: countries with efficient e-government manage to reduce the administrative burden on private citizens and businesses and to improve government performance, transparency and accountability. This article brings to light the connection between the development of e-government systems and such factors as the rule of law and control of corruption. The study relies on a path model, which was built and statistically tested by using linear regression analysis to authenticate the veracity of the model’s components. The model uses three indicators adopted from the World Bank’s Governance Indicator project – the rule of law, control of corruption, and government effectiveness. The data to measure the e-Government Development Index (EGDI) in fifteen countries was provided by the e-Government 2016 Survey conducted by the United Nations. The findings reveal a positive complementary relationship between the rule of law in a country and the development of an e-government system, which enhances the government’s effectiveness. The article describes a shift towards a more citizen-centric e-government implementation strategy, which can be recommended in particular to policy-makers in developing economies. The proposed model can be recommended as a measurement tool to assess effective governance in any given country.
NEGATION IN SPANISH AND UKRAINIAN SENTENCES (typological aspect)
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Korbozerova Nina
Published: July 2019

The article analyses syntactic characteristics of simple sentences in the Spanish and Ukrainian languages in a typological aspect, closely examining their affirmative and negative types.
FUNCTIONAL FEATURES OF IMPLICIT VERBAL FORMS IN COMPLEX SENTENCES AND THEIR REPRODUCTION IN THE UKRAINIAN LANGUAGE
Authors:   Kyiv National Linguistic University, Kyiv, Ukraine, Lomadurova Olga
Published: July 2019

The article focuses on impersonal verbal forms, peculiarities of their functioning in complex sentences and the problem of their reproduction in the Ukrainian language.
DISCOURSE OF THE BRAND ALAIN DUCASSE IN MODERN MEDIA SPHERE
Authors:   Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Kyiv, Ukraine, Klymenko L.
Published: July 2019

The paper is devoted to analyzing of the media brand routine’s socio discourse characteristics, where a brand embodied in the complex of strategic ideas. It is pointed that the use of the virtual media sphere is an essential tool for business strategies implementation. Social interaction as a discourse activity, taking place regarding to the brand in media space, is considered as an integral and discursive formation made up of the discursive practices’ system. Using concepts of discursive practices, discursive actors, and discourse communities allows rendering discursive brand communication in terms of Le Groupe Ducasse project. Discourse communities are identified according to discursive roles. Taking into consideration activity identifiers, all discursive practices can be divided into two major groups: brand-efferent and brend-afferent. Two types of discursive roles are specified: socio-categorical and situational. Socio-categorical roles, characterized by communicative behavioural stereotypes, are constant, developed according to socio-professional communities, and have afferent background. The brand’s leader, community of people involved with it, community of food experts, connoisseurs, and journalists are among them. Situational character of discursive roles is common for the representatives of the wide Internet community: consumers, potential customers, situational communicators. Brand discourse has interdiscursive character, and considered to be an activity directed discourse, while discursive practices help to implement the main strategic goal of image formation.
The role of the convective zone in the excitation of the magnetic activity of the Sun
Authors: Krivodubskij V.
Published: July 2019

The sources of energy of solar activity are analyzed. The primary source of solar energy is the core of the Sun, where as a result of the reactions of thermonuclear fusion, energy is released in the form of γ-quanta and neutrino particles that propagate outward. At approaching the surface, the temperature is rapidly decreasing and at the same time the opacity of the substance of the radiation zone steadily increases, resulting in the creation of conditions for the emergence of a convective energy transfer at a distance from surface of about 0.3 radius of the Sun. Above this boundary lies a layer called the convection zone. The existence and localization of the convection zone of the Sun is determined by two reasons: the first – the structural (radiative) temperature gradient increases due to increased opacity when the temperature drops; the second – the adiabatic gradient of the temperature of the floating elements reduces its value in the zones of partial ionization of hydrogen and helium. It is the convection zone that plays the role of the landfill, where the main processes are born, which are responsible for the cyclic manifestations of the Sun’s activity. However, part of the convective flow of energy coming from the interior of the Sun, accumulates and is carried upwards in the “magnetic form”. An important specific property of magnetic energy transfer is manifested in cyclic changes in most of the phenomena generated by magnetic fields, which are called magnetic activity of the Sun. The main mechanism providing the cyclic nature of the fluctuations of magnetic activity is the turbulent dynamo, localized in the convection zone. The most favorable place for the generation of a toroidal magnetic field, on which the intensity of spot formation depends, are the deep layers near the bottom of the convection zone, covering the layer of permeable convection (convective overshoot layer) and the tachocline. Overshoot creates the necessary conditions for the formation of a layer of long retention maintenance of magnetic fields, whereas in the tachocline, due to the sharp decrease in angular velocity in the presence of a weak poloidal field, a powerful toroidal field is effectively generated. Parker buoyancy of this field dominates over the effects of anti-buoyancy. Therefore, eventually, toroidal field rises to the surface and forms magnetic bipolar groups of sunspots. An important factor of physical processes in the deep layers is also the meridional flow directed to the equator, which, within the framework of the hydromagnetic dynamo model, provides the migration of toroidal fields from high latitudes to low ones. The author’s recent studies on the role of the deep layers of the solar convection zone in explaining the observed phenomenon of double peaks of the cycle of sunspots are noted.
Diffuse star-forming galaxies: thermal emission in radio continuum at 1.4 GHz
Authors: Parnovsky S. , Izotova I.
Published: July 2019

We determine the fraction of thermal radio emission in the total flux at the frequency of 1.4 GHz in 30 diffuse star-forming galaxies using the approach described in the paper by Parnovsky and Izotova (Astronomische Nachrichten, 2015 Vol.336, Issue 3, p.276). We use the sample of diffuse galaxies with active star formation selected from the Data Release 12 (DR12) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). The SDSS spectroscopic data for diffuse galaxies were supplemented by radio data from the FIRST and NVSS catalogues. From the fluxes in the Hβ emission line corrected for extinction and aperture we estimate the fluxes of thermal component of the radio emission at the 1.4 GHz using the result of the paper by J. Caplan and L. Deharveng (Astron. Astrophys. 1986, V. 155, P.297) and compare them with total fluxes from the FIRST and NVSS. In the sample of diffuse galaxies with active star formation, the distribution of the fraction of thermal radio emission A is similar to the lognormal one with the median value of 6 %. This is less than the median value which was derived earlier by Parnovsky and Izotova for a sample of compact star-forming galaxies, but both distributions of A are similar. We study the dependence of A on the W equivalent width of the Hβ emission line and on the I colour index g-r. The fraction of thermal component increases with increasing of the equivalent width of the Hβ emission line if a colour index is constant or an increasing of the colour index at a fixed equivalent width W.
Dipole of the luminosity distance as a test for dark energy models
Authors: Sergijenko O.
Published: July 2019

The dependence of Hubble parameter on redshift can be determined directly from the dipole of luminosity distance to Supernovae Ia. We investigate the possibility of using the data on dipole of the luminosity distance obtained from the Supernovae Ia compilations SDSS, Union2.1, JLA and Pantheon to distinguish the dark energy models.
Vela supernova remnant and its pulsar wind nedula: physical characteristics and radio emission
Authors: Plotko P. , Hnatyk B.
Published: July 2019

Vela Supernova remnant (SNR) is one of the nearest SNRs to Earth and serves as a space laboratory of relativistic and pulsar astrophysics. In particular, its synchrotron radio emission is determined by physical processes both in the remnant and in pulsar wind nebula (PWN), that resides in central part of remnant. In our work we separate the total radio flux from Vela SNR on fluxes from remnant and from PWN. It is shown that flux from the remnant is detected in MHz- range and is generated in the whole volume of remnant with uniform emissivity, while as flux from PWN is detected in MHz-GHz range and is generated in the spherically symmetric volume of PWN (MHz halo component) and in two additional sources: Northern and Southern pulsar wings (MHz-GHz wings).
Аbsolute brightness of the set of long-periodical comets 1990–2015
Authors: Guliev A. , Poladova U.
Published: July 2019

The values of the photometric parameter H10 for 69 long-period comets, observed in the period of 1990–2005 on the Vsekhsviatsky scale are calculated. The values of the parameters Hy and y from the Orlov equation for 56 of them are determined also. The intervals of heliocentric and geocentric distances corresponding to the observations of such comets are relatively longer. Calculations prove that the parameter H10, entered by Vsekhsviatsky, still remains relevant for the predicting of the observed brightness of the comets and comparing various of cometary groups according to their average brightness. A total 6391 visual estimates from different sources were used in the calculating.
Stochastic Strong Ground Motion Simulation of the Southern Aegean Sea Benioff Zone Intermediate‐Depth Earthquakes
Authors: Kkallas Ch. , Papazachos C. B. , Margaris B. N. , Boore D. , Ventouzi Ch. , Skarlatoudis A.
Published: July 2019

We employ the stochastic finite‐fault modeling approach of Motazedian and Atkinson (2005), as adapted by Boore (2009), for the simulation of Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) of intermediate‐depth earthquakes in the southern Aegean Sea subduction (southern Greece). To calibrate the necessary model parameters of the stochastic finite‐fault method, we used waveform data from both acceleration and broadband‐velocity sensor instruments for intermediate‐depth earthquakes (depths ∼45–140  km) with M 4.5–6.7 that occurred along the southern Aegean Sea Wadati–Benioff zone. The anelastic attenuation parameters employed for the simulations were adapted from recent studies, suggesting large back‐arc to fore‐arc attenuation differences. High‐frequency spectral slopes (kappa values) were constrained from the analysis of a large number of earthquakes from the high‐density EGELADOS (Exploring the Geodynamics of Subducted Lithosphere Using an Amphibian Deployment of Seismographs) temporary network. Because of the lack of site‐specific information, generic site amplification functions available for the Aegean Sea region were adopted. Using the previous source, path, and site‐effect constraints, we solved for the stress‐parameter values by a trial‐and‐error approach, in an attempt to fit the FAS of the available intermediate‐depth earthquake waveforms. Despite the fact that most source, path, and site model parameters are based on independent studies and a single source parameter (stress parameter) is optimized, an excellent comparison between observations and simulations is found for both peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV), as well as for FAS values. The final stress‐parameter values increase with moment magnitude, reaching large values (>300  bars) for events M≥6.0. Blind tests for an event not used for the model calibration verify the good agreement of the simulated and observed ground motions for both back‐arc and along‐arc stations. The results suggest that the employed approach can be efficiently used for the modeling of large historical intermediate‐depth earthquakes, as well as for seismic hazard assessment for similar intermediate‐depth events in the southern Aegean Sea area.
Ground Surface Deformation Caused by the Mw 5.8 Early Strong Aftershock following the 13 November 2016 Mw 7.8 Kaikōura Mainshock
Authors: Meng Qingjun , Ni Sidao , Guo Aizhi , Zhou Yong
Published: July 2019

The Mw 7.8 Kaikōura earthquake on 13 November 2016 is one of the most complex events ever recorded, with surface rupture found on more than a dozen faults. Within about 10 minutes after the mainshock, an Mw 5.8 event occurred and caused an 8 cm static displacement at high‐rate Global Positioning System (GPS) station KAIK, which was not accounted for in previous mainshock studies. In this article, we focus on the Mw 5.8 aftershock including (1) relocating the hypocenter using the hypo2000 method, (2) conducting a grid search for its point‐source mechanism and centroid location using seismic waveforms at four nearby stations, (3) inverting finite‐fault models of this event based on grid‐searched fault mechanism, and (4) calculating the surface ground deformation and estimating the deformation in the line of sight (LoS) directions of the ascending and descending Advanced Land Observation Satellite‐2 (ALOS‐2). Although we are not able to resolve the ruptured fault of the Mw 5.8 aftershock because of limited observation data, we estimate that this event can generate 10–20 cm ground surface displacement and affect the ground displacement observed on the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) data near the Kaikōura Peninsular.
Earthquake Succession
Authors: Lynch Joseph
Published: July 2019

Do earthquakes succeed one another in any definite direction? Is there any definite order in which they occur? The epicenters for about six years were plotted month by month according to time of occurrence on Mercator’s projection. In most cases succeeding epicenters progressed from west to east. In some cases the progression was striking; but there were frequent cases of steady progression from east to west. The results as studied so far only warrant the conclusion “There is a slight tendency for succeeding epicenters to progress from west to east rather than vice versa.”
The Earthquake of October 21, 1965 and Precambrian Structure in Missouri
Authors: Kisslinger Carl , Nuttli Otto W.
Published: July 2019

A revised location, origin time, and hypocentral depth for the Missouri earthquake of October 21, 1965, were calculated for various crustal models. The depth is small, less than 15 km. The intensity data from the earthquake show a clear connection to the major Precambrian structure in the central part of the state. The areas of perceptibility and damage are shifted to the northwest, relative to the epicenter, along a major structural lineament. Low intensities coincide with the Tertiary and Quarternary sediments of the Mississippi embayment, to the southwest of the epicenter.
Hydroselsmicity: A Hypothesis for The Role of Water in the Generation of Intraplate Seismicity
Authors: Costain John K. , Bollinger G. A. , Speer J. Alexander
Published: July 2019

A new hypothesis termed Hydroseismicity that has hydrologic (diffusion of pore pressure transients from recharge areas of groundwater basins), geologic (rifted, fractured crust), and chemical (solubility of minerals) elements is proposed to explain the role of water in the generation of intraplate seismicity. Its basis is a spatial correlation in the southeastern U. S. between 1) seismogenic crustal volumes of high seismicity, 2) large gravity-driven river basins that can provide an adequate supply of water to the upper- and mid-crust, and 3) a permeable crust that is tectonically stressed close to failure. It is suggested that in crustal volumes with a combination of connected fractures and adequate groundwater, natural transient increases in hydraulic head in recharge areas of groundwater basins can be transmitted to depths of 10–20 km, and thereby trigger earthquakes, via a flow-path geometry that resembles except for scale the model familiar to groundwater hydrologists for near-surface flow. Possible trigger mechanisms for Hydroseismicity include small increases in fluid pressure at hypocentral depths caused by such transient increases, and hydrolytic weakening of minerals that leads to structural weakening. Implicit in the model is a diffuse distribution of epicenters (as is observed in the region) rather than concentrations along discrete geologie (faults) or geomorphic (rivers) elements. Open fractures imply fracture roughness, i.e., asperities under a higher stress that keep fractures open even in an ambient tectonic stress field. Intraplate earthquakes in a fractured crust prestressed to near-failure are thus postulated to be triggered by small transient increases in fluid pressure transmitted along preexisting fractures in a rock fabric weakened by stress corrosion of asperities. Abundant petrologic evidence is available to justify an assumption of fracture permeability to depths of 20 km near passive rifted margins. All four principal seismogenic volumes in the southeastern U. S. are within gravity-driven groundwater basins that can provide an abundant supply of water to the ernst, and that intersect known or suspected Eocambrian or Mesozoic rifted crust. The host basins have the largest surface recharge areas and contain rivers with the highest average stream gradients as measured from their headwaters to the Fall Line. Seismicity in the region is characterized by steeply dipping focal mechanism nodal planes and diffuse alignments and/or clusters of epicenters. These characteristics are compatible with a steep to vertical fracture fabric currently being reactivated by porc pressure diffusion from surface recharge of groundwater basins.
Midplate Seismicity Exterior to Former Rift-Basins
Authors: Dewey James W.
Published: July 2019

Midplate seismicity associated with some former rift-zones is distributed diffusely near, but exterior to, the rift basins. This “basin-exterior” seismicity cannot be attributed to reactivation of major basin-border faults on which upper-crustal extension was concentrated at the time of rifting, because the border faults dip beneath the basins. The seismicity may nonetheless represent reactivation of minor faults that were active at the time of rifting but that were located outside of the principal zones of upper-crustal extension; the occurrence of basin-exterior seismicity in some present-day rift-zones supports the existence of such minor basin-exterior faults. Other hypotheses for seismicity exterior to former rift-basins are that the seismicity reflects lobes of high stress due to lithospheric-bending that is centered on the axis of the rift, that the seismicity is localized on the exteriors of rift-basins by basin-interiors that are less deformable in the current epoch than the basin exteriors, and that seismicity is localized on the basin-exteriors by the concentration of tectonic stress in the highly elastic basin-exterior upper-crust. All of the hypotheses considered here appeal to the presence of a rift zone to explain the characteristics of the basin-exterior seismicity, but the hypotheses differ in their implications for the seismic risk of former rift-zones and in their implications for the causes of midplate earthquakes in general.
Temporal and Spatial Clustering of Earthquake Activity in the Central and Eastern United States
Authors: Coppersmith Kevin J.
Published: July 2019

Seismic hazard assessments in the central and eastern United States (CEUS) usually rely heavily on the historical seismicity record to define the location of earthquake sources as well as the recurrence rate of these sources. Therefore, the stationarity of earthquake activity in time and space is very important to assessing the likelihood of future earthquakes at various locations. Earthquake recurrence intervals, which are on the order of hundreds to thousands of years, have been developed from paleoseismic data at New Madrid, Charleston, Charlevoix, and the Meers fault. The recurrence rates imply cumulative Quaternary displacements that are much larger than have been observed. One explanation for this discrepancy is temporal clustering of earthquake activity whereby active clusters are separated by long periods of quiescence. Available data suggest that active clusters consist of two or more earthquakes and last for longer than several hundred to a few thousand years. The spatial extent of active dusters in the CEUS is the subject of ongoing studies and preliminary data suggest that the active zone is generally in the region of the large observed earthquakes and on-going smaller magnitude seismicity. However, the historical seismic quiescence of the Meers fault, despite geologic evidence for recent activity, points to the need for geologic studies to supplement seismicity data in identifying seismic sources and evaluating their earthquake potential.
Attenuation of the LG Phase and Site Response for the Eastern Canada Telemetered Network
Authors: Atkinson Gail M.
Published: July 2019

Data from the Eastern Canada Telemetered Network (ECTN) contain information concerning source characteristics, regional attenuation, and site response in eastern North America (ENA). This paper presents results of multi- variate linear regression analyses of ECTN data from the Lg phase of moderate (mN 4 to 5.5) shallow (h < 15 km) ENA earthquakes, at distances of 100 to 1200 km. The regressions are performed upon the instrument-corrected Fourier amplitudes of acceleration, for frequencies from 0.5 to 10 Hz. The analysis follows the method of Joyner and Boore (1981), employing dummy variables to determine source terms for each of the earthquakes, site terms for each of the stations, and regional attenuation.

The analyses indicate that attenuation of the Lg phase in southeastern Canada can be represented by geometric attenuation of R−1, with an associated quality factor of Q =1100f0.17, for distances up to 1200 km. The R−1 geometric attenuation is stronger than the theoretical R −0.5 spreading predicted for the Lg phase. The latter may be preferable on a theoretical basis, but the former has practical utility, and is apparently allowed by the scatter of the data.

Earthquake source spectra for events in the magnitude range 4 to 5.5 are consistent with the Brune source model, with a stress drop of approximately 100 bars. Site response terms for all ECTN rock stations are within a factor of approximately 1.5 of unity. The soil site at Welcome, Ontario amplifies high frequencies (5 to 10 Hz) by an order of magnitude.
Dispersion of Short Period Rayleigh Waves Within The Ozark Uplift and Illinois Basin
Authors: Woods Mark T. , Russell David R. , Herrmann Robert B.
Published: July 2019

We use data recorded by four arrays of portable instruments to investigate the propagation of short period (0.2≤T ≤2.0 sec) surface waves within the Ozark Uplift and Illinois Basin. At the regional scale, we construct group velocity dispersion curves for five suites of propagation paths, and invert them for shear velocity structure. The best model in each case consists of a single layer above a halfspace, and we can correlate the model units with geologic formations. The upper layer in the two Ozark Uplift models represents Ordovician and Cambrian carbonate strata, the halfspace corresponds to the Precambrian crystalline basement. Differences between our new models and an earlier one reflect the different parts of uplift that were sampled, and show the thickening of the Paleozoic section away from the uplift core. In the Illinois Basin models, the upper layer represents Pennsylvanian age elastics and the halfspace represents older Paleozoic carbonates. This interpretation is substantiated by a velocity log from a nearby deep well. Again, differences between our new models and earlier efforts result from different passband data that sample different parts of the basin.

We also extract interstation phase velocities from array data recorded at the western edge of the Illinois Basin, over Mississippian age outcrop. By comparing this local dispersion curve with one calculated from the appropriate regional scale model, we conclude that the local structure can also be modeled as a single layer above a halfspace. Local shear velocities are, however, 30% faster than the regional average, which reflects the absence of the slow Pennsylvanian elastic strata around the basin’s periphery.
Induced Seismicity of The Tarbela Reservoir, Pakistan
Authors: Ibenbrahim Aomar , Ni James , Salyards Stephen , Ali Inayat M.
Published: July 2019

Earthquakes with local magnitudes from 0.0 to 4.9 recorded by the Tarbela seismic network, in Pakistan, between 1973 and 1982 have been used to study the reservoir-induced seismicity. A comparison between the pre-impounding and the post-impounding seismicity shows a dramatic decrease in the latter. The sharp decrease in seismicity is not related to the reservoir filling since it started two months before the first impounding and affected a very large area extending more than 100 km away from the reservoir. Statistical analyses of the distributions of earthquakes that occurred within the 20-km radial zone centered on the reservoir indicate that earthquakes in the magnitude range 0.0–1.9 are not randomly distributed in time, while larger events (2≤ML <5 ) have a random temporal distribution. Further analysis of the occurrence of larger magnitude earthquakes indicates that there is no simple relationship between their occurrence and the reservoir loading. On the other hand the cross-correlation of the frequency of non-random small-sized events in a 20-km radial zone with the monthly reservoir water level shows that there is a 160-day lag between the two time-series. This time lag, equivalent to a 180° phase shift between the water level curve and the event curve, indicates that the frequency of microearthquakes is reduced when the reservoir level is at high stand and vice-versa. An elastic model consisting of a two-dimensional rectangular load predicts that the effect of reservoir loading alone is to suppress the pre-existing seismicity directly beneath the Tarbela reservoir, while the effect of unloading the reservoir is to lead to a partial recovery of seismicity. The positive correlation between the frequency of earthquakes and the low reservoir water level could be explained mostly by the elastic effects of reservoir unloading. A gradual increase in the seismicity in regions as far as 100 km from the reservoir started in 1979 (five years after the first reservoir filling) and appears not to be a consequence of the slow diffusion of water to hypocentral depths; rather it reflects the long-term behavior of seismicity in the Pakistan Himalayas.
A Student’s Introduction to Wave Propagation in A Homogeneous Fluid Sphere
Authors: Herrmann R. B.
Published: July 2019

In order to illustrate wave propagation concepts of ray theory, breakdown of ray theory at caustics, the formation of caustics, free oscillations, and the mode-ray duality, elastic wave propagation in a homogeneous, isotropic fluid sphere is considered. The analytical solution is simply expressed in terms of spherical Bessel functions, but their correct evaluation is an interesting numerical exercise. The solution shows some very interesting features, including near-field terms at short distances, and apparent polarity reversals due to the effect of double caustics.
High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Study of the New Madrid Seismic Zone: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Hildenbrand Thomas G. , Rosenbaum Joseph G. , Reynolds Richard L.
Published: July 2019

A high-resolution aeromagnetic survey, flown over the northern part of the New Madrid seismic zone in the Mississippi embayment, reveals linear features that generally parallel active seismic zones. This parallelism suggests that the linear magnetic features are related to faults. Modeling of these anomalies indicates that the associated magnetic sources are shallow, steeply dipping (>80°) prism-like bodies. Their tops at depths of about 1 km are considerably shallower than the depth of crystalline basement (roughly 3 km). The bodies are typically 2 km wide. A plausible explanation for these bodies is that the magnetization within the sequence of generally nonmagnetic sedimentary rocks has been enhanced within and adjacent to fault zones. Such a magnetic enhancement could arise in several ways, including the emplacement of igneous intrusions, the authigenic growth of pyrrhotite, or the conversion of pyrite to magnetite. Whatever the cause of the magnetization contrast, the apparent relation between linear magnetic features and faults may lead to permissible stress models that accommodate the fault pattern inferred from the magnetic field.
Constraints on Reelfoot Rift Evolution from a Reflection Seismic Profile in the Northern Rift
Authors: Goldhaber M.B. , Potter C.J. , Taylor C.D.
Published: July 2019

An 82.8 km segment of a northwest-southeast trending seismic-reflection profile across the northernmost part of the Reelfoot rift shows that the Cambrian rift geometry there is quite distinct from that of the main part of Reelfoot rift to the south, and that of the Rough Creek graben to the east. The profile is within the area of intersection of the Reelfoot rift and Rough Creek graben and shows a systematic southeastward thickening of the Cambrian synrift clastic sequence with as much as 1940 meters of section present against the Pennyrile fault system as compared to 970 meters near the Lusk Creek and Shawneetown fault systems, towards the northwestern margin of the rift. This contrasts with the more symmetric rift pattern in the seismically active zone to the south, where the maximum thickness of synrift sediments is along the rift axis, and with an opposite sense of rift asymmetry in the Rough Creek graben, where the synrift sequence thickens to the north against the Rough Creek - Shawneetown fault. Reflection patterns in the vicinity of Hicks dome, a “cryptovolcano”, are consistent with the hypothesis that the dome originated by explosive release of mantle-derived gases associated with alkali volcanism. The seismic data also reveal that the fluorine mineralization in the area is associated with faults that offset basement; this is further evidence that deeply-derived fluids are significant in the geologic evolution of the area.
The Character of a Scattered Wavelet: Aspherical Obstacle Embedded in an Elastic Medium
Authors: Tie An , Long L.T.
Published: July 2019

Wavelets scattered from a spherical heterogeneity were computed from solutions of the wave equation for a plane wave incident on a spherical inhomogeneity. The solution is expressed as an orthogonal function expansion that is asymptotically correct for all wavelengths. In this paper we computed the spectral response and corresponding time-domain impulse response for wavelengths greater than one tenth the radius. The frequency content and amplitude of the scattered wave from an incident compressional wave systematically varies with scattering angle. A comparison of the scattered waves with arrival times and amplitudes computed using ray theory shows that the variations in response with scattering angle are closely tied to arrival times and amplitudes of the internally reflected and refracted waves. Use of the minimum phase criterion in order to generate a wavelet does not replicate the wavelet shape, but can be used to generate wavelets where the spectral amplitudes are the principal objective. The Born approximation, the first two terms in the orthogonal function expansion, underestimates the high-frequency energy.
The 4.6 mb,Lg Northeastern Kentucky Earthquake of September 7, 1988
Authors: Street R. , Taylor K. , Jones D. , Harris J. , Steiner G. , Zekulin A. , Zhang D.
Published: July 2019

Source parameters for the September 7, 1988 northeastern Kentucky earthquake have been estimated from the analysis of surface-wave amplitude spectra. The source that best fits the observed data had a seismic moment of 2.0 × 1022 dyne-cm, a mechanism with strike = 198° ± 10°, dip = 51° ± 11°, and slip = −178° ± 17°, (T) trend = 160°, plunge = 25°, (P) trend = 55°, plunge = 28°, and source depth of 4 to 7 km.

Thirty-two aftershocks were recorded during 2 weeks of monitoring following the mainshock; 23 of the aftershocks were locatable and fall on a roughly NW-SE linear trend. This trend is subparallel with the NW-SE nodal plane of the mainshock.

Our analysis shows the 1988 event to be different from the July 27, 1980 mb,Lg = 5.3 earthquake located 11 km to the northwest. First, the 1988 event is considerably shallower (4 to 7 km) than the 1980 event (14 to 22 km). Second, data from the 1988 event suggest the motion is on a conjugate fault and is in contrast with the 1980 event, which had right-lateral strike-slip on a southeast-dipping plane.
The MLg(F) Magnitude Scale: A Proposal for its use for Northeastern North America
Authors: Ebel John E.
Published: July 2019

The mLg(f) magnitude scale of Herrmann and Kijko (1983b), computed with appropriate Lg spatial attenuation functions and calibrated to mb, is proposed for routine use in northeastern North America. The Herrmann and Kijko (1983b) formula yields consistent magnitudes for different forms of Lg attenuation, and it shows little or no distance or period dependence for a data set of ten earthquakes from the northeastern U.S. and southeastern Canada. The standard deviation of the mLg(f) magnitude estimates relative to mb is about .32 magnitude units. Also, since on average mbLg=mb for the ten earthquakes in the data set, the mLg(f) formula proposed here is also calibrated to mbLg in the study region.
Quality of life in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and the bendopnea symptom
Authors: Dragunov D. O. , Sokolova A. V. , Arutyunov G. P. , Gasanova A. D. , Latyshev T. V.
Published: July 2019

Purpose. The study of quality of life (QOL) in patients with CHF with preserved LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction) and a symptom of bendopnea with diﬀerent levels of salt intake. Materials and methods. The study included 66 patients. The main symptoms of CHF were edema in 54.5% of cases, dyspnea in 77% of cases, ascites was detected in only 2 patients, an enlarged liver in 7 patients. Abdominal obesity was detected in 53 patients. Quality of life was assessed by the SF‑36 questionnaire, the level of salt intake was assessed by the Charlton: SaltScreener questionnaire. Results. On average, the time of occurrence of the bendopnea was 22.5±9.3 seconds, the minimum was 5 seconds. The absence of the eﬀect of abdominal obesity on the risk of bendopnea (relative risk 1.18 [0.76; 1.83]) was revealed. According to the SF‑36 questionnaire, a decrease in physical health indicators (median 31.3 points [20.7; 42.3]) and psychological health (average score 43.2±21.7) was found. In patients with bendopnea, QOL was reduced due to both physical and mental health, unlike patients without bendopnea: physical functioning (Physical Functioning – PF) 24.8±16.1 against 47±28.9 points, p=0.001 ; role‑based functioning due to physical condition (Role‑Physical Functioning – RP), 0 [0; 25] vs. 37.5 [0; 100] points, p=0.008; general health (General Health – GH) 29.9±15.8 against 50±14.2 points, p=0.0005, social functioning (Social Functioning – SF) 56 ± 38 against 78.9 ± 17.8 points ; p = 0.004. Multidimensional regression analysis revealed the relationship between the time of occurrence of the symptom bendopnea and the level of salt intake, physical and psychological activity (r2=0.25; p<0.009). The time of onset of the symptom of bendopnea in patients with CHF decompensation was significantly longer (18.9±8.7 vs. 26.2±8.5 seconds, p=0.003). The presence of diseases such as hypertension, COPD, IHD, atrial fibrillation, cerebrovascular disease did not significantly aﬀect QOL (p> 0.05), while the presence of bronchial asthma or chronic kidney disease significantly reduced QOL of patients (p<0.05). Conclusion. The presence of the symptom bendopnea significantly reduces the quality of life of patients with CHF with preserved LVEF (left ventricular ejection fraction).
A descriptive study to quantify severity in patients with severe scrub typhus in hilly city of Northern India
Authors: Nadda Nishant , Chauhan Nidhi , Mahajan Anjali , Chaudhary Ankit , Katoch Kritika , Chamotra Shaina
Published: July 2019

Background: Himachal Pradesh is an endemic area for scrub typhus. If not treated early, it can lead to life threatening complications. Therefore, more emphasis needs to be laid on the diagnosis and prompt treatment, so that mortality due to severe scrub typhus can be prevented. So, this study was done with an objective to study the clinical profile of patients diagnosed with severe scrub typhus and assess their severity using APACHE II score in IGMC, Shimla.Methods: Authors conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla over one year (June 2016-May 2017). Out of 538 confirmed scrub typhus cases, 58 severe cases were reported, and their severity was assessed with predefined criteria of sepsis and APACHE II score.Results: Mean age of males (50.18±18.6 yrs) was found to be more than that of females (45.52±14.5 yrs), the difference being statistically insignificant t(56)= -1.01, (P=0.32). Fever (100%), headache (84.5%), vomiting (79.3%) were the major presenting symptoms and tachycardia (96.5%), hypotension (87.9%), tachypnoea (94.8%) were the main clinical signs. The mean APACHE II score on admission was 16.25±5.0 with a predicted mortality of 23.5%, that was found to be less than actual reported hospital mortality (25.8%).Conclusions: APACHE II score was found reliable tool for risk stratification. Case fatality in diagnosed cases of severe scrub typhus was found high. Early diagnosis and prompt treatment according to guidelines would help in decreasing the mortality, financial burden on patient, society and health system.
Correlation between salivary glucose and blood glucose levels in diabetic and non-diabetic individuals
Authors: Golamari Uma Maheswara R. , Subramaniyan Natarajan Meenakshi Sundari , Lakshmanan Annam , Balakrishnan Rajeswari K.
Published: July 2019

Background:  The aim of this study was to determine as well as to compare the salivary glucose levels in the diabetic and non-diabetic population and correlate the values with their fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (glycated Haemoglobin) levels. Many researchers have proposed the possibility of using salivary glucose estimation for screening and monitoring of effect in general population and in resource poor settings. But studies on this subject in Indian population are limited.Methods: The current study was an analytical cross sectional study of a group of 100 diabetic patients and 100 healthy controls, conducted in the Department of General Medicine, SRM medical college hospital. The mean difference in the salivary glucose between diabetic and non-diabetic population was compared using unpaired t-test.Results: There was a strong positive association between FBS (fasting blood sugar) and salivary glucose in the overall population. There was a strong positive correlation between FBS and Salivary glucose in FBS <200. There was a moderate positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value between 200 to 300 mg/dl. There was a weak positive association between FBS and salivary glucose in people with FBS value >300 mg/dl, which was statistically not significant. There was a strong positive correlation between HbA1c and salivary glucose in the overall population.Conclusions: There appears to be a strong positive association between fasting blood sugar and salivary glucose value in both study groups. But the correlation seems to be relatively weak in fasting blood sugar range above 300 mg/dl. Considering this positive association, further studies are needed to explore the possibility of utilizing salivary glucose for monitoring glycemic control.
Study of the post tuberculosis lung diseases and the impact of various patient and disease related factors on its occurrence
Authors: Gali Jayasri Helen , Varma Harsha Vardhana , Badam Aruna Kumari
Published: July 2019

Background: More than fifty percent of the cured cases of pulmonary tuberculosis develop some form of chronic pulmonary dysfunction. It can present with varying degrees of lung damage, ranging from minimum functional abnormalities to severe forms of dysfunction that can be an important cause of death. Objective of the study to identify the various Post Tuberculosis Lung Diseases (PTBLDs) and to study impact of the patient and disease related factors on its occurrence.Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in 134 adult, post tuberculosis patients, aged between 18-65 years, who have completed at least one year after the end of anti-tubercular treatment. All symptomatic post TB lung disease patients coming to the pulmonology out-patient clinic at the Apollo Institute of Medical sciences and Research were included in the study.Results: Majority were more than 50 years (35.3%) and males (59.4%). Majority were from urban areas (70.7%), low social class (72.2%), and unskilled workers (56.4%). Most common symptom was cough in 74.4% cases. Majority of the cases had symptoms from one week to one month i.e. 47.4%. Only eight cases were found out to be very prompt in reporting their symptoms. 39 cases had some or the other co-morbidity. Current chest X-ray status was normal in only three cases. Mean FEV1 was 1.38 which increased to 1.52; mean FVC was 1.23 which increased to 1.58; mean FEV1/FVC was 67.37 which increased to 72.76 after giving the bronchodilator. 78(58.6%) cases had obstructive and 27(20.3%) had restrictive lung disease. In 30 cases the disease was reversible. Majority of the cases were of pulmonary fibrosis followed by bronchiectasis.Conclusion: Further studies are needed to develop approaches for the prevention, care and treatment of patients with post TBLD.
Rational and irrational use of intra-venous infusions: a cross-sectional study among patients of a tertiary care hospital
Authors: G. Amber , Khan Muhammad J. , K. Amina , G. Warda , G. Murtaza , I. Kinza
Published: July 2019

Background: Intravenous infusions (IV) are a rapid mean of administering drugs. Hospitals are commonplace for their use, but at the same time they have many serious potential complications. This study aims to know the justified use of intravenous infusion among patients of a tertiary care hospital and awareness about its use.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study in which 249 subjects were conveniently studied. Nil per oral, severity of dehydration, vomiting, and diarrhoea was used as confirmatory criteria for using IV Infusions. Questionnaire with verbal consent was used to collect the data. Descriptive statistical analysis was applied to analyse the data and presented as means, frequencies and percentages in the form of tables and figure.Results: Total n249 (100%) subjects, n68 (27.3%) males and n181 (72.7%) females with average age was 24.05±14.21 years participated. Among n116 (46.6%) irrational users, females n76 (30.5%) were more then males n40 (16.1) with significant difference, p= 0.018. However, no significant difference was found among other variables (age groups, profession, education, awareness and rational or irrational use of IV infusion). Majority n249, n204 (81.9%) were not aware of the IV infusion medication error and doctors were most common unjustified prescribers of IV infusion, n105 (90.5%).Conclusions: The study concluded with the more prevalent irrational IV infusion use in our setup. Doctors appeared the dominant prescriber of irrational IV infusion. This statement is astonishing and must not be overlooked. Female gender, adult age, under-grade patients and students are more exposed to irrational IV infusion.
Prevalence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction by echocardiography in type II diabetes mellitus patients
Authors: Kabeer Ansari Mohammed Shoeb Himayun , Hafiz Shaikh Ambreen Fatema Abdul
Published: July 2019

Background: Epidemiological data indicates a greater risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, particularly congestive heart failure in diabetic patients, compared with nondiabetic patients. Heart failure in many patients is due to left Ventricular Diastolic Dysfunction (LVDD), but its prevalence among diabetic adults is still not known, especially in the primary health care settings. Present study aims to evaluate the prevalence of LVDD by Echocardiography in Type II Diabetes Mellitus (DM).Methods: Authors did a prospective study, from May 2012 to August 2014, in Department of Medicine, Dr. D. Y. Patil Hospital, Kolhapur which included 100 randomly selected patients of Type II DM. The diagnosis of Type II DM was done according to the criteria laid down by American Diabetes Association 2012. A detailed clinical history was taken using a structured questionnaire prepared by us and all patients were evaluated for left ventricular function by Echocardiography. Equipment used for echocardiography-Mind ray DC USG, Doppler machine Probe used-7.5MHz.Results: On Echocardiography, Diastolic Dysfunction was found to be prevalent among individuals with Type 2 DM. Duration of DM and increasing age were found to be significantly associated with presence of Diastolic Dysfunction among individuals with Type 2 DM. Maximum number of patients were observed in the age group 51-60 years in our institute. 45% of the patients were asymptomatic, rest of the patients had predominantly cardiac symptoms.Conclusions: It is essential to screen diabetic patients with Echocardiography at an early stage to prevent future cardiovascular complications.