bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Micro-optics in lighting applications
Authors: Mönch Wolfgang
Published: January 2015

The intention of this article is to give a concise overview on current applications of micro-optical components in lighting, including general lighting, automotive lighting, projection, and display backlighting. Regarding the light sources, the focus of this paper is on inorganic light-emitting diodes (LEDs) and the characteristic problems encountered with them. Lasers, laser diodes, and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are out of scope of this paper. Micro-optical components for current applications of inorganic LEDs may be categorized essentially into three classes: First, components for light shaping, i.e., adjusting the intensity distribution to a desired target; second, components for light homogenization with respect to space and color, and third, large-area micro-optical elements. These large-area elements comprise micro-optical slabs and sheets for guiding, reflection, and refraction of light and are designed without regard to particular details of type, design, arrangement, and layout of the individual light emitters. References are given to textbooks and review articles to guide the interested reader to further and more detailed studies on the problems discussed here.
Discriminatory Pricing and Spatial Competition in Two-Sided Media Markets
Authors: Kodera Toshiki
Published: January 2015

This study describes a spatial model of price discrimination in two-sided media markets. Given that media platforms offer a uniform price for consumers and either a uniform or discriminatory price for advertisers, we compare a platform’s profit and welfare under these two different pricing schemes. In contrast to the well-known result that price discrimination based on a consumer’s location leads to lower profits, if consumers have a strong aversion to advertising, we show that a platform’s profit is better off under price discrimination. In addition, if consumers rather dislike advertising, we show that price discrimination is detrimental to both a platform’s profit and the consumer’s welfare.
A Feminist Way to Unconditional Basic Income: Claimants Unions and Women’s Liberation Movements in 1970s Britain
Authors: Yamamori Toru
Published: January 2015

This article explores how the demand for an unconditional basic income (UBI) was discussed in the British Women’s Liberation Movement (WLM) in the 1970s. A resolution for UBI was passed with a majority vote at the National Women’s Liberation Conference in 1977. However, this fact appears not to have been properly recorded in any academic literature. This is slightly surprising because it has been more than a decade since feminist academics started to argue either for or against UBI. The resolution was raised by working class women in the Claimants Unions Movement. This article records and analyses their feminist articulation of the UBI and the unfortunate fate of their resolution along with their intersections with other feminists. It is based mainly on oral historical interviews with ex-claimants women (128).
Nucleosome organization and chromatin dynamics in telomeres
Authors: Ichikawa Yuichi , Nishimura Yoshifumi , Kurumizaka Hitoshi , Shimizu Mitsuhiro
Published: January 2015

Telomeres are DNA-protein complexes located at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes, and are essential for chromosome stability and maintenance. In most organisms, telomeres consist of tandemly repeated sequences of guanine-clusters. In higher eukaryotes, most of the telomeric repeat regions are tightly packaged into nucleosomes, even though telomeric repeats act as nucleosome-disfavoring sequences. Although telomeres were considered to be condensed heterochromatin structures, recent studies revealed that the chromatin structures in telomeres are actually dynamic. The dynamic properties of telomeric chromatin are considered to be important for the structural changes between the euchromatic and heterochromatic states during the cell cycle and in cellular differentiation. We propose that the nucleosome-disfavoring property of telomeric repeats is a crucial determinant for the lability of telomeric nucleosomes, and provides a platform for chromatin dynamics in telomeres. Furthermore, we discuss the influences of telomeric components on the nucleosome organization and chromatin dynamics in telomeres.
The clinical performance of a chemiluminescent immunoassay in detecting anti-cardiolipin and anti-β2 glycoprotein I antibodies. A comparison with a homemade ELISA method
Authors: Meneghel Lauro , Ruffatti Amelia , Gavasso Sabrina , Tonello Marta , Mattia Elena , Spiezia Luca , Campello Elena , Hoxha Ariela , Fedrigo Marny , Punzi Leonardo , Simioni Paolo
Published: January 2015

Fully automated chemiluminescence immunoassays (CLIAs) are emerging technologies for the detection of anti

Sera were collected from 104 patients with primary APS, 88 seronegative subjects who met the clinical but not the laboratory criteria for APS, and 150 control subjects. IgG/IgM aCL and IgG/IgM anti-β2GPI antibodies were determined in the sera using a CLIA (HemosIL AcuStar

CLIA had a significantly lower comparative sensitivity for IgM aCL and IgG/IgM IgG anti-β2GPI antibodies; its comparative specificity was higher with respect to ELISA for IgM aCL and IgM anti-β2GPI antibodies. The two techniques showed a high, significant agreement (p<0.001) and a significant titer correlation (p<0.001). CLIA also detected IgG/IgM aCL and IgG anti-β2GPI antibodies in the seronegative patients. There was a significantly higher prevalence of IgG aCL and IgG anti-β2GPI antibodies (p<0.001 and p=0.01, respectively) in those patients with respect to that in the control population.

Despite a lower comparative sensitivity, CLIA showed a higher comparative specificity for some aPL and a good level of agreement and correlation with a homemade ELISA. CLIA also detected some aCL and anti-β2GPI antibodies in the seronegative patients not usually identified by homemade ELISA.
Counting elliptic curves with prescribed torsion
Authors: Harron Robert , Snowden Andrew
Published: January 2015

Mazur’s theorem states
that there are exactly fifteen possibilities for the torsion subgroup of an elliptic curve over the rational numbers. We determine how often each of these groups actually occurs. Precisely, if G is one of these fifteen groups, we show that the number of elliptic curves up to height X whose torsion subgroup is isomorphic to G is on the order of

X

1
/
d

{X^{1/d}}

, for some number d

=

=

d(G) which we compute.
Segre numbers, a generalized King formula, and local intersections
Authors: Andersson Mats , Samuelsson Kalm Håkan , Wulcan Elizabeth , Yger Alain
Published: January 2015

Let

𝒥

{{\mathcal{J}}}

be an ideal sheaf on a reduced analytic space X
with zero set Z.
We show that the Lelong numbers of the
restrictions to Z
of certain generalized Monge–Ampère products (d

d
c

d^{c}

log

|
f
|

2

|f|^{2}

)

k

)^{k}

,
where f is a tuple of generators of

𝒥

{{\mathcal{J}}}

, coincide with the
so-called Segre numbers of

𝒥

{{\mathcal{J}}}

, introduced independently by Tworzewski, Achilles–Manaresi, and
Gaffney–Gassler.
More generally we show that these currents satisfy a generalization of the
classical King formula that takes into account fixed and moving
components of Vogel cycles associated with

𝒥

{{\mathcal{J}}}

.
A basic tool is a new calculus for products of positive currents of
Bochner–Martinelli type.
We also discuss connections to intersection theory.
Assessment of machine-learning techniques on large pathology data sets to address assay redundancy in routine liver function test profiles
Authors: Lidbury Brett A. , Richardson Alice M. , Badrick Tony
Published: January 2015

Background: Routine liver function tests (LFTs) are central to serum testing profiles, particularly in community medicine. However there is concern about the redundancy of information provided to requesting clinicians. Large quantities of clinical laboratory data and advances in computational knowledge discovery methods provide opportunities to re-examine the value of individual routine laboratory results that combine for LFT profiles.

Methods: The machine learning methods recursive partitioning (decision trees) and support vector machines (SVMs) were applied to aggregate clinical chemistry data that included elevated LFT profiles. Response categories for γ-glutamyl transferase (GGT) were established based on whether the patient results were within or above the sex-specific reference interval. Single decision tree and SVMs were applied to test the accuracy of GGT prediction by the highest ranked predictors of GGT response, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and alanine amino-transaminase (ALT).

Results: Through interrogating more than 20,000 individual cases comprising both sexes and all ages, decision trees predicted GGT category at 90% accuracy using only ALP and ALT, with a SVM prediction accuracy of 82.6% after 10-fold training and testing. Bilirubin, lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and albumin did not enhance prediction, or reduced accuracy. Comparison of abnormal (elevated) GGT categories also supported the primacy of ALP and ALT as screening markers, with serum urate and cholesterol also useful.

Conclusions: Machine-learning interrogation of massive clinical chemistry data sets demonstrated a strategy to address redundancy in routine LFT screening by identifying ALT and ALP in tandem as able to accurately predict GGT elevation, suggesting that GGT can be removed from routine LFT screening.
A case of factitious hyponatremia and hypokalemia due to the presence of fibrin gel in serum
Authors: Cervellin Gianfranco , Aloe Rosalia , Lippi Giuseppe
Published: January 2015

We describe here the case of a 84-year-old woman under warfarin therapy for atrial fibrillation, who was admitted to the Emergency Department for severe gluteal hemorrhage. Blood samples were drawn after patient admission and transported within 20 min to the laboratory. Results of laboratory testing revealed a markedly increased value of international normalized ratio and extremely low values of serum sodium (60 mmol/L) and potassium (1.4 mmol/L). A second serum sample was collected approximately 2 h after the former, showing normal values of both sodium (145 mmol/L) and potassium (3.5 mmol/L). The analysis of the specimen collected upon patient admission revealed the presence of a small, transparent fibrin gel in the serum, which was partially aspirated by the sample probe of the instrument. This case underscores the importance that serum samples need to be allowed to clot completely prior to centrifugation and analysis, especially those collected from patients under anticoagulant treatment.
Morphisms determined by objects and flat covers
Authors: Krause Henning
Published: January 2015

We describe a procedure for constructing morphisms in additive categories, combining Auslander's concept of a morphism determined by an object with the existence of flat covers. Also, we show how flat covers are turned into projective covers and we interpret these constructions in terms of adjoint functors.
Sound absorption of wood-based materials
Authors: Smardzewski Jerzy , Kamisiński Tadeusz , Dziurka Dorota , Mirski Radosław , Majewski Adam , Flach Artur , Pilch Adam
Published: January 2015

From modern buildings to public spaces are made of concrete, steel, and glass. These materials increase propagation of sound and the reverberation time. Therefore, furniture should be good sound absorbers in such places. The objective of this study was to ascertain acoustic properties of wood-based materials by determining normal acoustic impedance on the surface and sound absorption coefficients. Experiments were carried out on 17 types of wood-based materials commonly employed in furniture design and manufacture. Investigations were conducted based on the transfer-function method. It was demonstrated that for frequencies between 125 and 500 Hz, the highest capability of sound absorption was determined of low surface layer density and high porosity. Honeycomb panels with paper core absorbed better sounds in the range between 1 and 2 kHz. Panels of considerable external surface irregularities were characterized by the most favorable acoustic properties for the frequency of 4 kHz.
A comparative study of dewatering ofPinus radiatasapwood using supercritical CO2and conventional forced air-drying viain situmagnetic resonance microimaging (MRI)
Authors: Meder Roger , Franich Robert A. , Callaghan Paul T. , Behr Volker C.
Published: January 2015

A comparison of moisture loss fromPinus radiatasapwood by conventional forced air-drying and a novel supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) dewatering process has been examinedin situusing magnetic resonance microimaging. Air-drying results in the nonuniform removal of moisture within the wood volume, leading to a dry core and wet perimeter where water evaporated, whereas the scCO2dewatering process resulted in moisture expulsion more uniformly throughout the volume of the specimen, especially so within the earlywood.
AC/DC Power Flow Computation Based on Improved Levenberg–Marquardt Method
Authors: Cao Jia , Yan Zheng , Fan Xiang , Xu Xiaoyuan , Li Jianhua , Cao Lu
Published: January 2015

Under the case of ill-conditioning system, this paper is concerned with the AC/DC power flow calculation. The improved Levenberg–Marquardt (ILM) method with adaptive damping factor selection is applied to solve the AC/DC power flow problem. The main purpose of this paper is as follows: one is to provide comparison reference between Newton method, classical LM method (CLM) and ILM method under the well-conditioning system; the other is to research what is the maximal load withstood by power system, under the case of ill-conditioning. Finally, those methods are tested on the 22-bus, the IEEE 118-bus AC/DC system, respectively. Numerical results indicate that the ILM method has the advantage of fast convergent speed. When expanding loads in a certain extent, ILM method can at least find least square solutions, whereas Newton method and CLM method would divergent, and the convergent property of Newton method can be improved by taking some measurements using the information of a least square solution obtained by ILM method.
Anti-inflammatory and antipyretic properties of Corchorus olitorius aqueous root extract in Wistar rats
Authors: Owoyele Bamidele V. , Oyewole Aboyeji L. , Alimi Modupe L. , Sanni Shukurat A. , Oyeleke Sabitiu A.
Published: January 2015

Background: This study was designed to provide information about the antipyretic and anti-inflammatory effects of Corchorus olitorius root.

Methods: Thirty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups of five animals each; the control and reference groups were administered normal saline (10 mL/kg) and indomethacin (5 mg/kg), respectively, whereas the remaining four groups were administered aqueous extract of C. olitorius at doses of 25, 50, 100, or 200 mg/kg, respectively. Pyrexia was induced by injecting 10 mL/kg of 20% (w/v) brewer’s yeast suspension into the dorsum of rats, whereas inflammation was induced through an injection of 0.1% carrageenan into the right hind paw of each rat and through a subcutaneous implantation of a 30-g sterilized cotton pellet into the groin of each rat.

Results: The results showed that C. olitorius root extract (p<0.05) decreased the elevated temperature after brewer’s yeast injection compared with the 17 h (pre-drug) temperature. In the inflammatory tests, the paw sizes and granuloma weights in the test groups were significantly (p<0.05) decreased compared with the control group.

Conclusions:
Corchorus olitorius root is another good source of phytomedicine that can be used effectively to treat inflammation and pyrexia that accompany some diseases.
On generalized cross validation for stable parameter selection in disease models
Authors: Smirnova Alexandra , Martcheva Maia , Liu Hui
Published: January 2015

In this paper we study advantages and limitations of the Generalized Cross Validation (GCV) approach for selecting a regularization parameter in the case of a partially stochastic linear irregular operator equation.
The research has been motivated by an inverse problem in epidemiology, where the goal was to reconstruct a time dependent treatment recovery rate for plasmodium falciparum, the most dangerous form of malaria. Initial numerical simulations gave rise to a theoretical analysis of the expected value of the GCV function and the efficiency of the GCV method for different noise levels. It was shown that, as opposed to L-curve, the GCV does not necessarily generate a systematic error in the value of the regularization parameter for Tikhonov's stabilizing algorithm.
NsGTFA: A GUI Tool to Easily Measure Network Performance through the Ns2 Trace File
Authors: Ibrahim Idris Skloul , King Peter J.B. , Loidl Hans-Wolfgang
Published: January 2015

Ns2 is an open-source communications network simulator primarily used in research and teaching. Ns2 provides substantial support for simulation of TCP, routing, and multicast protocols over wired and wireless networks. Although Ns2 is a widely used powerful simulator, it lacks a way to measure networks that are used to assess reliability and performance metrics (e.g., the number of packets transferred from source to destination, delay in packets, packet loss, etc.) and it does not analyse the trace files it produces. The data obtained from the simulations are not straightforward to analyse. Ns2 is still unable to provide any data analysis statistics or graphics as requested. Moreover, the analysis of the Ns2 trace file using any software scripts requires further steps by a developer to do data processing and then produce graphical outputs. Lack of standardisation of tools means that results from different users may not be strictly comparable. There are alternative tools; however, most of them are not standalone applications, requiring some additional libraries. Also, they lack a user-friendly interface. This article presents the architecture and development considerations for the NsGTFA (Ns2 GUI Trace File Analyser) tool, which intends to simplify the management and enable the statistical analysis of trace files generated during network simulations. NsGTFA runs under Windows and has a friendly graphical user interface. This tool is a very fast standalone application implemented in VC++, taking as input an Ns2 trace file. It can output two-dimensional (2D) and 3D graphs (points, lines, and bar charts) or data sets, whatever the trace file format (Tagged, Old, or New). It is also possible to specify the output of standard network performance metrics. NsGTFA satisfies most user needs. There is no complex installation process, and no external libraries are needed.
Effect of Single-Ruler Electromagnetic Braking (EMBr) Location on Transient Flow in Continuous Casting
Authors: Thomas B. G. , Singh R. , Vanka S. P. , Timmel K. , Eckert S. , Gerbeth G.
Published: January 2015

Ultrasonic Doppler velocimetry measurements and large eddy simulations were conducted on a laboratory-scale physical model of a steel continuous slab caster with a low-melting alloy, both with and without an applied single-ruler magnetic field in one of two different vertical orientations. The computational model agreed very closely with the measurements in all respects, including time-averaged flow, velocity profiles, and transient velocity histories at specific locations. The magnetic field altered both the classic double-roll flow pattern and the flow stability. Lowering the magnetic field below the nozzle caused steeper downward jet angles, lower surface velocities, lower turbulent kinetic energy at the surface, and better flow stability, especially toward the surface, and at higher frequencies. The experimental and computational results both show that the electromagnetic field should not be placed with its maximum directly across the nozzle ports, where it may aggravate unstable flow.
Sources of inertia in an expanding universe
Authors: Prytz Kjell
Published: January 2015

In a cosmological perspective, gravitational induction
is explored as a source to mechanical inertia in
line with Mach’s principle. Within the standard model of
cosmos, considering the expansion of the universe and the
necessity of retarded interactions, it is found that the assumed
dynamics may account for a significant part of an
object’s inertia.
Optimal control for stochastic differential delay equations with Poisson jumps and applications
Authors: Shi Jingtao
Published: January 2015

This paper is concerned with the optimal control problem for stochastic differential delay equations with Poisson jumps, in which both state and control delays are involved. We obtain the necessary and sufficient maximum principles for the optimal control by virtue of the duality method and the anticipated backward stochastic differential equations with Poisson jumps. An optimal consumption rate problem is discussed to illustrate the applications of our results.
Bayesian inference for Markov jump processes with informative observations
Authors: Golightly Andrew , Wilkinson Darren J.
Published: January 2015

In this paper we consider the problem of parameter inference for Markov jump process (MJP) representations of stochastic kinetic models. Since transition probabilities are intractable for most processes of interest yet forward simulation is straightforward, Bayesian inference typically proceeds through computationally intensive methods such as (particle) MCMC. Such methods ostensibly require the ability to simulate trajectories from the conditioned jump process. When observations are highly informative, use of the forward simulator is likely to be inefficient and may even preclude an exact (simulation based) analysis. We therefore propose three methods for improving the efficiency of simulating conditioned jump processes. A conditioned hazard is derived based on an approximation to the jump process, and used to generate end-point conditioned trajectories for use inside an importance sampling algorithm. We also adapt a recently proposed sequential Monte Carlo scheme to our problem. Essentially, trajectories are reweighted at a set of intermediate time points, with more weight assigned to trajectories that are consistent with the next observation. We consider two implementations of this approach, based on two continuous approximations of the MJP. We compare these constructs for a simple tractable jump process before using them to perform inference for a Lotka-Volterra system. The best performing construct is used to infer the parameters governing a simple model of motility regulation in
Formation of Anisometric Fumed Silica Supraparticles – Mechanism and Application Potential
Authors: Sperling Marcel , Velev Orlin D. , Gradzielski Michael
Published: January 2015

The self-assembly of colloidal particles into
well-defined structures, such as anisometric ones, has shown to
be both a challenging and promising field in today's research. We
report a detailed analysis of the processes of drying and the
associated colloidal assembly-induced deformation of aqueous
droplets containing fumed silica (FS) on a superhydrophobic
surface. The use of FS as colloidal building block can lead to the
formation of anisometric supraparticles by droplet deformation due to
the formation of a dense silica shell at the water-air interface. We
demonstrate how this can be done in a controlled way by adjusting the
initial suspension's ionic strength using NaCl. An interpretation of
the critical deformation point is given and we derive an empirical
formula to predict the extent of anisometry depending on the initially
applied salt and FS concentration. By addition of polystyrene
microspheres we prove the general applicability of this method to
droplets containing dispersions of various types of colloidal
material, thereby forming hybrid supraparticles. This allows for
introducing additional functionality to anisometric particles
prepared with FS.
Interaction of Aqueous Solution of Sulphamethoxazole Drug with Diglycine by Volumetric Method at Different Temperatures
Authors: Pal Amalendu , Soni Surbhi
Published: January 2015

The interaction of diglycine with sulphamethoxazole drug as a function
of temperature and concentration have been investigated by volumetric
method. The density of ternary mixture of diglycine
(0.002–0.01 mol  ·  kg
–1) in aqueous
sulphamethoxazole drug (0.001–0.01 mol  ·  kg
–1)
solution have been measured using Anton Paar DSA 5000 instrument at
T = (288.15  to  308.15) K. The apparent
molar volumes V

φ
, partial molar volume at infinite dilution
V

φ

0, transfer partial molar volume Δ
tr
V

φ

○, partial molar expansibility E
2

o
, thermal
expansion coefficient α
2, and Hepler's constant (∂C

P

∞/∂P)
T
are calculated from density
data. The above parameters are used to interpret the solute-solute and
solute-solvent interactions of diglycine in aqueous solution of
sulphamethoxazole drug. Hydration number and interaction coefficients
have also been calculated from these data. Dehydration of diglycine is
observed, rising with the temperature and drug molality. These results
are explained on the basis of drug-water-amino acid interactions. The
data suggest that interaction between ions and charged/hydrophilic
groups are predominant.
Ab initio Variational Transition State Theory and Master Equation Study of the Reaction (OH)3SiOCH2 + CH3 ⇌ (OH)3SiOC2H5
Authors: Nurkowski Daniel , Klippenstein Stephen J. , Georgievskii Yuri , Verdicchio Marco , Jasper Ahren W. , Akroyd Jethro , Mosbach Sebastian , Kraft Markus
Published: January 2015

In this paper we use variable reaction coordinate variational
transition state theory (VRC-TST) to calculate the reaction
rate constants for the two reactions, R1:
(OH)3SiOCH2 + CH3 ⇌ (OH)3SiOC2H5,
and R2:
CH2OH + CH3 ⇌ C2H5OH. The
first reaction is an important channel during the thermal
decomposition of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), and its rate
coefficient is the main focus of this work. The second
reaction is analogous to the first and is used as a basis for
comparison. The interaction energies are obtained on-the-fly
at the CASPT2(2e,2o)/cc-pVDZ level of
theory. A one-dimensional correction to the sampled energies
was introduced to account for the energetic effects of
geometry relaxation along the reaction path. The computed,
high-pressure rate coefficients were calculated to be, R1:
k
1 = 2.406 × 10−10
T
−0.301 exp (− 271.4/T) cm3 molecule
–1 s
–1
and R2:
k
2 = 1.316 × 10−10
T
−0.189 exp (− 256.5/T) cm3 molecule
–1 s
–1. These
rates differ from each other by only 10% – 30%
over the temperature range
300–2000 K. A comparison of the computed rates
with experimental data shows good agreement and an improvement
over previous results. The pressure dependency of the reaction
R1 is explored by solving a master equation using helium as
a bath gas. The results obtained show that the reaction is
only weakly pressure dependent over the temperature range
300–1700 K, with the predicted rate constant
being within 50% of its high-pressure limit at
atmospheric pressure.
Quantitative Reevaluation of the Effects of Short- and Long-Term Removal of Descending Modulatory Inputs on the Pyloric Rhythm of the Crab,Cancer borealis
Authors: Hamood Albert W. , Haddad Sara A. , Otopalik Adriane G. , Rosenbaum Philipp , Marder Eve
Published: January 2015

The crustacean stomatogastric ganglion (STG) receives descending neuromodulatory inputs from three anterior ganglia: the paired commissural ganglia (CoGs), and the single esophageal ganglion (OG). In this paper, we provide the first detailed and quantitative analyses of the short- and long-term effects of removal of these descending inputs (decentralization) on the pyloric rhythm of the STG. Thirty minutes after decentralization, the mean frequency of the pyloric rhythm dropped from 1.20 Hz in control to 0.52 Hz. Whereas the relative phase of pyloric neuron activity was approximately constant across frequency in the controls, after decentralization this changed markedly. Nine control preparations kept for 5–6 din vitromaintained pyloric rhythm frequencies close to their initial values. Nineteen decentralized preparations kept for 5–6 d dropped slightly in frequency from those seen at 30 min following decentralization, but then displayed stable activity over 6 d. Bouts of higher frequency activity were intermittently seen in both control and decentralized preparations, but the bouts began earlier and were more frequent in the decentralized preparations. Although the bouts may indicate that the removal of the modulatory inputs triggered changes in neuronal excitability, these changes did not produce obvious long-lasting changes in the frequency of the decentralized preparations.
Photocatalytic Oxidation Kinetics for Desulfurization of Dibenzothiophene with Al2O3/g-C3N4 Heterojunction
Authors: Rui-Hong Liu  , Fa-Tang Li
Published: January 2015

Al2O3/g-C3N4 heterojunction is fabricated for the photocatalytic removal of dibenzothiophene in oil-water biphasic system and the reaction kinetics is studied. The influences of Al2O3/g-C3N4 ratio and photocatalyst dosage on reaction rate constant are investigated. The results indicate that the optimum addition of Al2O3/g-C3N4 composite is 0.075 g in 100 mL reaction system and the photooxidation kinetics of dibenzothiophene follows first-order reaction. The sulfur removal of dibenzothiophene can reach 90.3 % in 4 h under the irradiation of mercury lamp and the sulfur content can be decreased from 200 to below 20 ppm.
Kinetic Study on the Oxidation of 2, 2, 4-Trimethylpentane by MgSO4
Authors: Kangle Ding  , Dongwei Gao  , Yue Luo  , Xiuyin Xie  , Huan Yang
Published: January 2015

Some organic sulfur compounds (OSCs) in crude oil may be derived from thermochemical interactions between petroleum and sulfates in deep buried sedimentary basins. In the present study, experiments on the system of 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane–MgSO4–H2O were operated at elevated temperatures and elevated pressures. Properties of the products were characterized and the reaction kinetics was tentatively investigated. The results demonstrated that the oxidation of 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane by MgSO4 occurs above 425 °C to produce a series of organic sulfur compounds, including mercaptans, sulfoethers and thiophenes. The calculated activation energy of the reaction between 2, 2, 4-trimethylpentane and MgSO4 is 50.236 kJ/mol.
MODERN APPROACHES TO LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS OF RICKETTSIAL DISEASES
Authors: Eremeeva M. E. , Shpynov S. N. , Tokarevich N. K.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. We present a concise review of contemporary laboratory methods for diagnosis of rickettsioses with special emphasis on diseases known in Russian Federation. Classic and emerging rickettsioses are transmitted by a diverse and expanding group of arthropod vectors including ticks, fleas, lice and mites. While epidemiological and clinical clues can provide information important for initial suspicion of rickettsial infection, sensitive and specific laboratory methods are necessary for providing probable or confirmed diagnosis of the rickettsial infection. Accurate and rapid confirmation of rickettsial infection is important for ensuring proper clinical care and prompt initiation of antibiotic therapy. Correct identification of the etiology of rickettsial diseases is also important for early identification of clustered cases, novel foci of infections, and for timely initiation of public health responses to these potentially fatal infections.
REGIONAL EXPERIENCE OF CERVICAL CANCER PREVENTION IN THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)
Authors: Afanaseva L. N. , Ignateva M. E. , Lyalina L. V. , Savvina N. V. , Smetanina V. D.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. There are evidences of increasing cervix uteri malignant tumors in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) in the period of 2003–2013. In such situation new, more effective, but less expensive organizational measures for prevention and early identification of oncological diseases should be developed. The recent epidemiological studies have convincingly shown that high-oncological-risk genital papilloma viral infection was certain risk factor of developing pre-cancer changes and cervical cancer. Detection of HPV regional epidemiological characteristics is extremely important for optimization of programs on diagnostics and prevention of cervix uteri cancer. The epidemiological and molecular-biological studies in Yakutia have detected more high infection rate in the female population than in male one. It was established that 11 high-oncological-risks genotypes of the virus circulating in the region with considerable prevalence of HPV Type 16. Since 2008 the program on vaccination against papilloma viral infection for girls and young women aged 10 to 25 years has been implemented in Yakutia Over six years, the number of vaccinated girls and women in Yakutsk reached 1093 persons. It has been the first experience in the Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Regions.
COMPARE THE LEVEL OF SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA ANTIGEN IN SERUM AND LOCAL IMMUNITY OF THE REPRODUCTIVE TRACT IN WOMEN WITH INVASIVE FORM OF CERVICAL CANCER
Authors: Baturina I. L. , Orner I. U. , Zotova M. A. , Abramovskih O. S. , Nikushkina K. V. , Telesheva L. F.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Cervical cancer continues to take a leading position in the structure of cancer pathology in women. This situation calls for the search for new diagnostic criteria for prognosis of the disease. The study found that tumor marker SCCA is immunologically dependent and its detection should be carried out in conjunction with immunological parameters of cervical mucus. This is important not only for diagnosis but also for monitoring of anticancer therapy conducted to determine prognosis of the disease and preclinical detection recurrence of cervical cancer.
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC EVIDENCES OF VACCINATION AGAINST HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS INFECTION IN SAINT-PETERSBURG
Authors: Lyalina L. V.
Published: January 2015

Abstract. Analysis of anogenital warts morbidity in St. Petersburg and Russian Federation in 2000–2013 has been carried out. The incidence rate in the population of St. Petersburg during the observation period was found to be 1.4–2.3 times higher. In 2011–2013, 3310 pregnant women were tested for high carcinogenic risk HPV by PCR. Prevalence rate of HPV genotype 16 was 11.0 per 100 tested persons. Other genotypes (31, 52, 33, 45, 58, 39, 18, 59, 35)were determined less often (p 0.001) 6.3; 6.3; 5.1; 4.02; 3.7; 3.4; 2.9; 2.8 and 2.7 per 100 persons, respectively. An increased morbidity of cervical cancer in women aging from 25 to 49 years old was established. Assessment of the economic burden of diseases associated with HPV has shown that in 2012 in St. Petersburg expenses were more than one billion rubles. In the structure of economic lost the largest proportion was associated with premature mortality of women with cervical cancer.
Atividade física em trabalhadores de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial do Sul do Brasil: tendências temporais
Authors: Jerônimo Jeferson Santos , Jardim Vanda Maria da Rosa , Kantorski Luciane Prado , Domingues Marlos Rodrigues
Published: January 2015

O objetivo foi apresentar tendências temporais de atividade física e fatores associados em trabalhadores de Centros de Atenção Psicossocial (CAPS) da Região Sul do Brasil entre 2006 e 2011. Pesquisa transversal, parte do estudo Avaliação dos CAPS da Região Sul do Brasil/CAPSUL. Foram coletadas variáveis de saúde física, saúde mental por meio do Self-Report Questionnaire (SRQ-20) e atividade física usando-se o International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). Participaram 435 trabalhadores de CAPS em 2006 e 546 trabalhadores em 2011. As prevalências totais de atividade física (≥ 150 minutos semanais) foram 23,2% em 2006 e 17,6% em 2011, e de distúrbios psiquiátricos menores 11% e 8,4%. Não houve diferença na atividade física de homens e mulheres. Em 2006, sujeitos com menor escolaridade (p = 0,03) e menor renda (p = 0,01) apresentaram maior nível de atividade física. Em 2011, trabalhadores de CAPS localizados em municípios de grande porte apresentaram maior nível de atividade física (p = 0,02). São necessárias intervenções promotoras de atividade física nessa população, principalmente em trabalhadores de CAPS residentes em municípios de pequeno porte.
Padrões de utilização de atendimento médico-ambulatorial no Brasil entre usuários do Sistema Único de Saúde, da saúde suplementar e de serviços privados
Authors: Dilélio Alitéia Santiago , Tomasi Elaine , Thumé Elaine , Silveira Denise Silva da , Siqueira Fernando Carlos Vinholes , Piccini Roberto Xavier , Silva Suele Manjourany , Nunes Bruno Pereira , Facchini Luiz Augusto
Published: January 2015

Indicadores de oferta, acesso e utilização são úteis para caracterizar os serviços, planejar ações e organizar a demanda. Este estudo descreve padrões de utilização de atendimento médico-ambulatorial e associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, de morbidade, porte do município e região, de acordo com a natureza jurídica do serviço. Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional com 12.402 adultos brasileiros entre 20 e 59 anos, residentes nas áreas urbanas de 100 municípios nas cinco regiões brasileiras. A prevalência de atendimento médico-ambulatorial nos três meses anteriores à entrevista foi de 34,6%. O Sistema Único de Saúde foi responsável por mais da metade (53,6%) dos atendimentos, algum convênio de saúde foi utilizado por 34% da amostra e os serviços privados por 12,4%, independentemente da região, do porte populacional e da morbidade referida. Os padrões de utilização de serviços de saúde continuam socialmente determinados, resultando da oferta, das características sociodemográficas e do perfil de saúde dos usuários.
Factors associated with undernourishment among people 20 years old or over with HIV/AIDS, attending public health services in the São Paulo municipality, Brazil
Authors: Bassichetto Katia Cristina , Bergamaschi Denise Pimentel , Garcia Vania Regina Salles , Veras Maria Amélia de Sousa Mascena
Published: January 2015

The study evaluated the nutritional status of 629 people living with HIV/AIDS attended at 12 specialized services of São Paulo's Municipal Health Department, Brazil. Data were obtained from medical records and through interviews during nutritional consultation. We used the classification criteria established by World Health Organization to assess malnourished individuals, a BMI < 18.5kg/m2. The prevalence of malnutrition in people with AIDS is 3.12 times that observed among people with HIV, and among people with co-infection it is 3.41 times that obtained among people without co-infection. This indicates how these conditions can harm the maintenance of the nutritional status, and shows that they demand a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in this phenomenon, as well as the development of strategies to improve the health care of individuals at nutritional risk.
A avaliação de programas e serviços de saúde no Brasil enquanto espaço de saberes e práticas
Authors: Furtado Juarez Pereira , Vieira-da-Silva Ligia Maria
Published: January 2015

Com o objetivo de analisar a constituição e o desenvolvimento de um espaço social especializado na produção de saberes e práticas sobre a avaliação em saúde no Brasil, foi realizado um estudo sócio-histórico apoiado na sociologia genética de Bourdieu. Para isso, foram analisadas as trajetórias de 28 agentes selecionados entre pesquisadores e gestores, bem como as condições históricas de possibilidade de constituição do espaço, por meio de entrevistas em profundidade, análise de documentos e revisão bibliográfica. O material gerado foi analisado à luz dos conceitos de campo, habitus e capital propostos por Bourdieu. Os resultados apontam para a constituição de um subespaço da avaliação no interior da Saúde Coletiva, resultado da interação entre agentes dos campos burocrático e científico, respectivamente representados pelas instituições de gestão do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) em seus vários níveis e grupos de pesquisa inseridos em universidades públicas. Não foi identificado habitus comum entre os agentes entrevistados e as questões e disputas inerentes a esse subespaço.
Nunca fomos Flexnerianos: Anísio Teixeira e a educação superior em saúde no Brasil
Authors: Almeida Filho Naomar
Published: January 2015

O objetivo do presente artigo é examinar elementos centrais do pensamento-ação de Anísio Teixeira, visando produzir subsídios para superação da atual crise de formação de pessoas em saúde. Primeiro, apresenta-se resumo de vida e obra de Anísio, avaliando seu legado institucional e impacto no cenário histórico da educação brasileira. Segundo, discute-se o modelo anisiano de Universidade Popular, promovido e implantado em duas oportunidades na história brasileira recente, porém reprimido politicamente com dureza. Terceiro, avalia-se a contribuição potencial da obra anisiana para os debates político- pedagógicos atuais sobre formação profissional e acadêmica em saúde, focalizando similaridades com modelos flexnerianos de renovação da universidade. Por último, propõe-se a hipótese de que a convergência conceitual e pragmática entre Flexner e Anísio permite compreender a constatada ausência ou invisibilidade do pensamento anisiano na literatura acadêmica sobre Educação em Saúde, no discurso institucional e nas práticas de formação de trabalhadores em saúde no Brasil.
Physiological and phytosanitary potential of rocket seeds
Authors: Vieira Jucilayne Fernandes , Oliveira Sandro de , Zanatta Zarela Casas Navarro , Lemes Elisa Souza , Villela Francisco Amaral , Barros Antonio Carlos Souza Albuquerque
Published: January 2015

The objective of this study was to evaluate the physiological and sanitary quality of seeds of rocket; the research was done at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis and greenhouse of the Department of Plant Science, Federal University of Pelotas (UFPel). Four lots of the cultivar "Antonella'' were tested for following features: initial and final moisture content, germination rate, first count of germination, accelerated aging with saline solution, dry matter contents, seedling shoot and root length, emergence speed index, emergence of seedlings in substrate, electrical conductivity and sanitary condition. A completely randomized design with four replications was used for all tests done and means were compared by Tukey test (P≤0.05). For all tests performed it was concluded that despite changes in the ranking of the best lots, there was agreement regarding the indication of the inferiority of the lot 3 in all tests and it was also observed that the incidence of fungi associated with seeds of rocket interfere with the physiological quality of the lots.
Sorghum cultivars of different purposes silage
Authors: Pinho Ricardo Martins Araujo , Santos Edson Mauro , Oliveira Juliana Silva de , Bezerra Higor Fábio Carvalho , Freitas Poliane Meire Dias de , Perazzo Alexandre Fernandes , Ramos Rosângela Claurenia da Silva , Silva Ana Paula Gomes da
Published: January 2015

This study aimed to assess the fermentation profile, losses and chemical composition of the silages of five sorghum cultivars. A completely randomized design with five replicates was used. The experimental treatments were represented by five sorghum cultivars (Sorghum bicolor (L). Moench): 'BRS Ponta Negra' , 'BRS 610', 'BRS 655', 'BRS 800' and 'BRS 810'. There was variation (P<0.05) for the pH in the cultivars studied, with highest result of pH by 'BRS 610'. The average percentages of lactic acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, differed (P<0.05) among the cultivars, ranging from 32.9 to 59.5, 19.8 to 39.8, and 0.0 to 1.3g kg-1, respectively. The dry matter recovery varied among cultivars (P<0.05), allowing the identification of BRS Ponta Negra, and 'BRS 810' silages, as those which recovered the lowest dry matter, with values of 757.1 and 776.1g kg-1, respectively. There were differences (P<0.05) for dry matter, crude protein, ether extract, neutral detergent fiber, non-fibrous carbohydrates and total carbohydrates contents among the cultivars. It was concluded that, despite the morphological and chemical differences among cultivars, the resulting silages had good fermentation profile.
Cultivo de tamarindo sob malhas coloridas: plasticidade anatômica foliar
Authors: Silva Renata Alves Lara , Soares Joyce Dória Rodrigues , Dias Gabrielen de Maria Gomes , Pasqual Moacir , Chagas Edvan Alves , Gavilanes Manuel Losada
Published: January 2015

Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o efeito da alteração da qualidade espectral da luz, utilizando malhas de transmissão de luz diferenciada, sobre características da anatomia foliar em plantas de tamarindo (Tamarindus indica L.), visando à obtenção de plantas mais propícias ao plantio. Mudas de tamarindo foram cultivadas sob malhas de 50% de sombreamento nas cores branca, azul, vermelha e preta em delineamento inteiramente casualizado. Após 90 dias de cultivo sob as malhas, as folhas foram avaliadas quanto à anatomia e micromorfologia. Plantas submetidas ao cultivo sob malha branca apresentaram maior altura das células da epiderme na face abaxial e maior espessura do parênquima paliçádico e da nervura central. Melhores resultados para epiderme na face adaxial e limbo foliar foram observados sob malhas branca e azul. Maiores densidades estomáticas foram obtidas sob malhas azul e vermelha. As folhas de Tamarindus indica apresentam plasticidade anatômica em resposta às modificações no espectro da radiação. Em face desses resultados, as malhas branca e azul podem ser recomendadas para obtenção de plantas mais propícias ao plantio.
Carrapatos (Acari: Ixodidae) em mamíferos silvestres do Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra e arredores, Minas Gerais, Brasil
Authors: Martins Thiago Fernandes , Arrais Ricardo Corassa , Rocha Fabiana Lopes , Santos Jean Pierre , Júnior Joares Adenilson May , Azevedo Fernanda Cavalcanti de , Paula Rogério Cunha de , Morato Ronaldo Gonçalves , Rodrigues Flávio Henrique Guimarães , Labruna Marcelo Bahia
Published: January 2015

O presente estudo relata ixodídeos em mamíferos silvestres no Parque Nacional da Serra da Canastra e arredores, no estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. De julho de 2005 a junho de 2014, foram coletadas 58 larvas, 133 ninfas e 43 carrapatos adultos em 40 eventos de captura de mamíferos de vida livre do Parque e arredores. Nos hospedeiros da ordem Carnivora, foram identificados Amblyomma ovale Koch, 1844, Amblyomma sculptum Berlese, 1888, Amblyomma tigrinum Koch, 1844, Dermacentor nitens Neumann, 1897 e Rhipicephalus microplus (Canestrini, 1888). Em hospedeiros da ordem Xenarthra, foram identificados espécimes de Amblyomma pseudoconcolor Aragão, 1908 e A. sculptum. Este estudo relata os primeiros registros dos ixodídeos D. nitens e R. microplus parasitando Lycalopex vetulus, e A. ovale em Leopardus tigrinus no país. Os achados do presente estudo indicam a proximidade entre os animais domésticos e silvestres causada pela expansão agropecuária no território brasileiro
Processos de escrita e autoria sobre a ação docente enquanto prática formativa
Authors: Nornberg Marta , Silva Gilberto Ferreira da
Published: January 2015

Este artigo apresenta os processos de escrita e autoria enquanto prática formativa. O objetivo é analisar os significados e sentidos atribuídos pelos professores ao trabalho de escrita e autoria sobre sua ação docente. Para isso, analisa a correspondência eletrônica que foi trocada entre professores da Educação Básica e professores-pesquisadores da Universidade envolvidos em um projeto de pesquisa-ação colaborativa. A análise evidencia a escrita como ato solitário e fruto de um trabalho reflexivo caracterizado como árduo, semelhante à gestação e ao trabalho de parto. Embora descrito como penoso, o processo de escrita e autoria sobre a atividade docente é entendido como estratégia eficaz para o processo de formação continuada e como potência para a aprendizagem da docência.