bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A clinicopathological and immunophenotypic study of nodal Hodgkin’s lymphomas
Authors: Moras Christol , Rout Pritilata
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Hodgkin’s lymphoma is a B cell lymphoma, the diagnosis of which is characterized by the presence of neoplastic Hodgkin’s/Reed Sternberg cells (HRS) and the unique cellular microenvironment. Clinical examinations, morphology and immunophenotypic study aids in the accurate diagnosis of Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL). The literature available on the clinicopathological and immunohistochemistry (IHC) profile of Hodgkin’s lymphoma in Indian population is inadequate. This study was carried out to describe the clinicopathological and immunohistochemical profile of patients in an Indian tertiary care hospital.
 
Methodology: An observational, descriptive study was carried out and included all diagnosed cases of nodal HL for a period of 4 and half years. The demographic details and common clinical presentation were retrieved from the records. The Haematoxylin and eosin (H and E) slides and IHC stained slides for CD15, CD30, CD20, LCA and CD3 were retrieved and studied. Each case was assigned to one of the following histological subtypes. mixed cellularity (MC), nodular sclerosis (NS), lymphocyte rich (LR), lymphocyte depleted (LD) and nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NLPHL). Those cases where histological subtyping could not be done due to equivocal features were grouped as unclassifiable.
 
Results: A total number of 65 cases of Hodgkin’s lymphoma were included. A unimodal distribution and male preponderance was noted. The subtype of Mixed cellularity predominated the series followed by nodular sclerosis, lymphocyte rich and lymphocyte depleted. There was only one case of Nodular Lymphocyte Predominant Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Immunoreactivity of CD 30 was seen in all cases of classical Hodgkin’s Lymphoma.
 
Conclusion: Our study reaffirms the findings from previous research ,highlighting the difference in clinicopathological profile of HL from its western counterpart. The usage of immunohistochemistry should be done for all cases of HL since it aids in the diagnosis and also in identification of potential therapeutic targets.
Characterization and biochemical activities of novel functional antimicrobial peptide (AMP) from Trichogramma chilonis
Authors: V. Sunil Shimoga , Santosh Kumar Hulikal S. , N. Pramod Siddanakoppalu , T. Prabhakar Betadthunga , B.N. Naika Mahanthesh , G. Thippeswamy Thippande , Niranjana Pathappa
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: The antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are generally found in invertebrates, mammals, birds, plants and insects. AMPs produced by insect parasitoids contribute to innate immunity to resist infection due to lack of adaptive immunity. T. chilonis is one of the most effective endoparasitoid wasps for controlling lepidopterous insects. Several attempts have been made to isolate, characterize and develop a commercially viable product of AMPs from various insect sources. The present study aimed to characterize AMP from T. chilonis for potential antimicrobial and anti-cancer properties. 
 
Methods: AMP was identified through T. chilonis transcriptome sequence and designed in silico and synthesized. Its purity was quantified using RP-HPLC, and the mass identified by mass spectrophotometry. LC/MS-MS was employed to predict the sequence and the BLAST program used to compare the sequence. AMP was tested for haemolytic activity and antimicrobial activity. Two pathogenic bacteria and fungal strains were used and IC50 values and MIC values were predicted against microbial strains. 
 
Results: Synthetic peptide was found to be 95% homogenous with molecular weight of 3.48 kD.  The peptide was identified to be a novel antimicrobial peptide consisting of 33 amino acid residues, and has a low computed instability index of -0.1.55 with high hydrophobic ratio of 27.27%. The antimicrobial activity revealed that T. chilonis antimicrobial peptide (TC-AMP) strongly inhibits the growth of selected human bacterial and fungal pathogens. While the haemolytic assay showed that the peptide did not obliterate human RBC in vitro. TC-AMP also showed an efficient inhibition of angiogenesis by in vivo model as evident by inhibition of vascularization.
 
Conclusions: AMP derived from the parasitoid has a potent antibiotic and anti-angiogenesis property. The peptide can be used as a potential antimicrobial and anticancer drug in near future with more detailed studies on its targeted applications.
A comparative evaluation of six sigma metrics and quality goal index ratio 3 months prior to first lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and 3 months during lockdown in a NABL accredited central laboratory
Authors: Sulthana P.K. Shirin , U. Raghavendra , Yassir Shaheena , Prasad V. Ganesh , Ansar Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Sigma represents Standard Deviation (SD) which indicates the degree of variation in a process, where the higher sigma value implies that less likely the laboratory reports false test results. Using a newer parameter called Quality Goal Index (QGI) we can find the reason behind the lower sigma value. Our study aimed to compare the six-sigma metric and QGI ratio 3 months prior to first lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and 3 months during the first lockdown.
 
Methodology: A retrospective study was used to compare the six-sigma metric and QGI ratio 3 months prior to first lockdown due to COVID-19 pandemic and 3 months during the first lockdown for the selected ten analytes from 1st of January 2020 to 30th of June 2020 from the clinical biochemistry section of Yenepoya Medical College Hospital, Deralakatte, Mangalore.
 
Results: The sigma metrics from January to March (level 1) indicated that urea, TSH, beta-HCG fell short of meeting Six Sigma quality performance and from April to June, glucose, creatinine, urea and ALT had metrics less than 3 at both the Internal Quality Control levels. QGI ratio indicated that from January to March, the problem was imprecision for urea, TSH and beta-HCG (QGI < 0.8). From April to June, urea and creatinine showed imprecision, glucose and ALT showed inaccuracy, urea and ALT showed both imprecision and inaccuracy.
 
Conclusion: This study highlights the necessity for stringent Internal Quality Control and External Quality Assurance monitoring even during the lockdown period of the pandemic. By implementing six sigma and finding QGI ratio, quality of laboratory services can be improved immensely.
Evaluation of anti-inflammatory activity of Garcinia indica, a wild edible fruit by inhibiting secretory phospholipase A2 group IIA enzyme from human pleural fluid
Authors: M. Narayanappa , Urs Deepdarshan , A. D. Sathisha , Ram H. Krishna , S. Meti Rajkumar , K. K. Dharmappa
Published: November 2022

Introduction and Aim: Garcinia indica is a wild edible fruit plant distributed in tropical regions of India. Fruits of G. indica were traditionally used to treat chronic inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, gastrointestinal disorders, etc., But the basis of anti-inflammatory function of the fruit is not understood. Therefore, this study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory function of G. indica. Initially phytochemical screening of G. indica was carried out, tested antioxidant potency of G. indica fruit and evaluated its anti-inflammatory function by inhibition of secretory phospholipase A2 IIA (sPLA2IIA) enzyme.
Methodology: The Soxhlet extraction method was used for the preparation of extracts of G. indica fruit. DPPH and phosphomolybdenum assays were carried out to estimate the antioxidant activities of G. indica fruit. The inhibition of sPLA2IIA, modulating indirect hemolytic and edema inducing activity and protein denaturation assays were done to evaluate the anti-inflammatory function.
Results: Aqueous and solvent extracts of G. indica fruit showed a wide variety of phytochemicals. The ethanol extract of G. indica fruit showed greater antioxidant activity (79.12 % ±1.2) and reduction power (68.14% ± 4.4). The extract showed sPLA2IIA inhibition to a greater extent (50%), neutralized sPLA2IIA induced indirect hemolysis (IC50 45.518 µg/mL) and mouse paw edema (119.35% ± 2.74) with the IC50 value of 45.12 ±1.36µg.
Conclusion: The extracts of G. indica contain a wide variety of phytochemicals. The ethanol extract of G. indica fruit exhibited a greater antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, the results defended the traditional usage of the G. indica fruit in the indigenous system of medicine.
Microbiota milieu and mechanisms of intestinal Toll Like Receptors (TLRs) involved in chemotherapy induced mucositis
Authors: Marathe Aradhana , M. Rao Gayathri , Rai Sharada
Published: November 2022

Gut is not only of digestive but also of immunological importance because of the residing microbiota milieu. Pathological or certain therapeutic condition may modify the normal commensal microflora. Mucositis, the most common untoward effect of chemotherapy, can also lead to this microbiotic imbalance. This shift leads to various molecular cascades which in turn trigger the action of Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRR’s). Toll like receptor (TLR) is one such pattern recognition receptor. In the human body there are about 13 types of TLRs out of which TLR-2, TLR-4, TLR-5 and TLR-9 are intestinal specific. They respond through ligands such as bacterial derivatives like flagellin, Lipoteichoic acid, Lipopolysaccharides, microbial antigen or genetic material of the viru. In turn via adaptor molecules, TLRs alter the signalling mechanisms and further induct the activation of pro or anti-inflammatory cytokines based on the immunological need. Several of the studies have described the involvement of under twined mechanisms of TLRs during chemotherapy. Therefore, agonists and/or antagonists of these strategic molecules may play a key role in pathological and therapeutic aspects. Thus, this review is an attempt to focus on the involvement of TLRs and microbiota to different chemotherapeutic agents and thereby track the available mechanisms of functionality.
A importância da literatura infantil para a aquisição da linguagem
Authors: Cruz Graziele de Lima Souza , Bueno Wilma de Lara
Published: November 2022

Tendo em vista que uma rotina de leitura é fundamental para o desenvolvimento do indivíduo, esta pesquisa versa sobre a importância da literatura infantil, a fim de responder à problemática: Qual a importância de se trabalhar a literatura na educação infantil para a aquisição da linguagem? Para tanto, definiuse como objetivo geral: estudar a contribuição da literatura infantil para o desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem das crianças, e, como objetivos específicos: pesquisar sobre o conceito do que vem a ser literatura infantil; verificar o início da literatura infantil no Brasil; conhecer autores e autoras que defendem a importância da literatura infantil para a aquisição da linguagem oral e escrita. Realizou-se, então, uma pesquisa de caráter qualitativo, com ênfase na revisão de literatura, destacando-se autores como Zilberman (1993), Abramovich (1995), Câmara (2009) e May (2014). Concluiu-se, a partir do estudo, que a literatura infantil exerce um papel fundamental para estimular a aquisição da linguagem nas crianças que frequentam instituições de educação infantil.
Contação de histórias na educação infantil e sua contribuição para o desenvolvimento do pensamento criativo
Authors: Belem Tatiana dos Santos , Bueno Wilma de Lara
Published: November 2022

O presente trabalho tem por intenção pesquisar como a contação de histórias na Educação Infantil pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento da criatividade. A pesquisa se caracteriza como bibliográfica, bem como nas experiências de ensino e realização de estágios, com observação de práticas da contação de história. Para este estudo buscaram-se textos e artigos dos seguintes autores: Mosser (2008); Rodrigues (2017); Oliveira (2018); Dalvi (2019), que tratam do tema e apresentam exemplos de pesquisa sobre o assunto e conceitos correspondentes, particularmente, o de criatividade e sua relação com a ato de contar histórias. O objetivo geral consiste em estudar como a contação de histórias pode contribuir com o desenvolvimento do pensamento criativo na Educação infantil. Os objetivos específicos foram: estudar obras de autores que tratam do tema; observar situações de contação em sala de aula na faixa etária referente ao período delimitado; estabelecer relações entre a contação de história e o desenvolvimento da criatividade. A pesquisa revelou aspectos significativos para as propostas educacionais que defendem a contação de história e o desenvolvimento da criatividade.
PENGARUH KADAR SILIKA DARI FLY ASH BATU BARA SEBAGAI BAHAN PENGISI HIDROGEL BERBAHAN DASAR SELULOSA BAKTERI (HSB)
Authors: Surya Indra , Purwandari Vivi , Khodijah Ani
Published: November 2022

In one coal combustion process, about 80% of fly ash is produced and the rest is bottom ash, which is around 20%. The main components of coal fly ash originating from power plants are silica (SiO2), alumina (Al2O3), and iron oxide (Fe2O3), the rest are carbon, calcium, magnesium, and sulfur. Silica is one of the most dominant components of fly ash. Hydrogels obtained without fillers still have a Swelling capacity that is not maximized, it is necessary to process hydrogels with high absorption capabilities. One of the methods used to increase the absorption of hydrogels is to add silica as a voice filler. This study aims to determine the effect of 10, 20, 30, and 40% silica content from coal fly ash as a filler for bacterial cellulose-based hydrogels. Silica was obtained by extracting sodium silicate solution from fly ash followed by the manufacture of silica gel using 3N H2SO4. The resulting silica gel is added to the hydrogel manufacturing process. Hydrogel with silica as a filler which produces water absorption, FTIR, and SEM. The test results show that the silica content of 20% has the highest water absorption capacity of 1290%. With the concentration used, silica precipitation will produce a sharper silica peak in the FTIR results. SEM analysis with the addition of silica with bacterial cellulose produces pores on the HSB surface which can absorb air more quickly. The pores on the surface of the HSB affect the water absorption capacity (hydrophilicity) to increase. The addition of silica precipitated from fly ash waste as a filler in Bacterial Cellulose Hydrogel (HSB) was able to increase the Swelling capacity of HSB
“You do not avoid sin by loquacity”: Ambiguous Truths in Kostas Ostrauskas’ Drama Eloiza ir Abelardas (Eloise and Abelard)
Authors: Pabarčienė Reda
Published: November 2022

In this article the author examines the historical contexts and intertexts of Kostas Ostrauskas’ play Eloiza ir Abelardas: Historia calamitatum (Eloise and Abelard: Historia calamitatum, written 1984–1985, published 1988). She identifies elements of the epistolary, scholastic, hagiographic, courtly, and feminist discourses that Ostrauskas uses in creating dialogue, action, conflict, and characters and in shaping the issues and motifs of his work. The article focuses especially on innovations of dialectics and logic in philosophy and theology of the first half of the twelfth century, relating these to Ostrauskas’ style of dramatic thinking and the intellectual nature of his oeuvre. This analysis of Eloiza ir Abelardas confirms the ambiguous relation of parody to cultural texts: they are diminished and mocked, but at the same time extended and adapted to raise questions about philosophical truth – to reveal its sacrum and profanum aspects and its rational and emotional modes of understanding, thus demonstrating how neither is able to bear witness to the truth.
Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas’ Literary History: Narrative’s Methodological Singularities
Authors: Dragenytė Ramutė
Published: November 2022

The Lithuanian classic Vincas Mykolaitis-Putinas’ literary history, Naujoji lietuvių literatūra (The New Lithuanian Literature; Volume 1 published 1936; Volume 2, 2009) was the first conceptual, academic history of Lithuanian literature. In this metanarrative account, Mykolaitis-Putinas sought to methodologically describe different authors in terms of each one’s national and aesthetic consciousness. This national historiographic narrative was made possible by the grand national narrative that shaped the Lithuanian literary canon: the development of a national Lithuanian literature and the identification of its most important texts, genres, directions, and authors. Naturally, this grand narrative dictated Mykolaitis-Putinas’ writing methodology, as though the author were hostage to the cultural-historical school of positivism, forced to provide cultural contexts, present dry writers’ biographies, and look for causal connections. His categorization of literary historical content was determined by the quest for a national program characteristic of Romantic literary history – idealized subjects, rather than literary facts. On the other hand, anti-positivist aesthetics (drawn from Wilhelm Dilthey, Benedetto Croce, Maurice de Munnynck, Oscar Walzer, and others) also had considerable influence on his interpretation of the works. Although Mykolaitis-Putinas sought to assess the texts historically, from the perspective of the time he was examining, his own aesthetic views led him to have a critical relationship with literary history as a whole. Each author was critiqued – in terms of content, but even more so in terms of form.The literary history under discussion is a synthesis of two historiographic models: following Romanticism’s model of literary history, it tracesthe nation’s spiritual develoment; following historicist positivism, it seeks to understand different periods, the development of genres and directions, and explores causal connections and cultural contexts. This interpretive model presupposed an aesthetic understanding and the search for a “selfcontained literature”. Mykolaitis-Putinas’ history is a biographical-psychological, aesthetic, and – most importantly – a critical analysis of Lithuanian literature.
Kaip romiam pasauliečiui atsivėrė religinė Šiluva
Authors: Subačius Paulius
Published: November 2022

Vigmantas Butkus, Stebuklo horizontai: Šiluva ir jos legenda lietuvių literatūroje: Monografija, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2014, 229 p., ISBN 978–609–425–118–4
Storming of the Temporary Capital, or How Viktorija Šeina Took the Fortress City
Authors: Žakevičienė Indrė
Published: November 2022

Viktorija Šeina, Laikinoji sostinė lietuvių literatūroje: Monografija, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2014, 290, [2] p. ISBN 978-609-425-135-1.
The Expression of Meanings, the Meaning of Expression
Authors: Sprindytė Jūratė
Published: November 2022

Gitana Vanagaitė, Prasmių raiška Vandos Juknaitės kūryboje: Monografija, Vilnius: Lietuvos edukologijos universiteto leidykla, 2015, 312 p. ISBN 978-609-471-019-3
The Influence of Translation Politics in the Formation of Canon. The Example of Judita Vaičiūnaitė
Authors: Bernotienė Gintarė
Published: November 2022

The author of this article explores how, during the 1960s–1980s, certain actions and decisions within the literary patronage system determined which Lithuanian authors were incorporated into the Soviet Lithuanian literary canon. The article focuses on the turbulent thirty-year history of Judita Vaičiūnaitė’s recognition as a Lithuanian literary classic and the complex and ambiguous conditions of the dissemination of her writing. These points in turn reveal the significant stages of a more general process – the formation of the Lithuanian literary canon during the Soviet period.During the Soviet era, translation of an author’s work into Russian was a mandatory step in the broader dissemination of his or her work (in particular in terms of foreign readers). The author of the article treats quantitative indicators related to selection of works for translation as the criteria which most reliably indicated an author’s suitability for inclusion in the emerging Soviet literary canon and the actual position of a writer within the literary hierarchy of the time. The new archival documents examined reveal at least in part the process for selecting authors and works. Other factors regulating Soviet translation policy did not survive – they were undocumented and depended on extra-literary factors. In particular, the stages of the official literary patronage involved assessment of the ideological suitability of a work and took into account the author’s longterm loyalty, both of which were rewarded by greater possibilities fordissemination.
On Regional and International Recognition
Authors: Laurušaitė Laura , Kalnacs Benedicts
Published: November 2022

-
Algirdas Julius Greimas’s Unpublished Reviews about Lithuanian Literary History
Authors: Levina Jūratė
Published: November 2022

-
From Loneliness to a Feeling of Close Friendship
Authors: Kalęba Beata
Published: November 2022

Kalba, pasakyta Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institute 2018 sausio 5 d. atsiimant pirmą profesoriaus Algio Kalėdos vardo premiją
Reflections of Cultural Trauma in Romualdas Granauskas’s novel Duburys (The Pit) and Ramūnas Klimas’s Maskvos laikas (Moscow Time)
Authors: Mykolaitytė Aurelija
Published: November 2022

Cultural trauma is defined as the damage done to people’s lives when epochal breaks impact identity. Psychological, sociological, and literary research has shown that trauma discourse is still relevant today, that it is crucially important to talk about traumatic events related to Soviet-era experience. These two novels contribute to the powerful works exploring cultural trauma and attempting to grasp the scale of the damage it has effected.Romualdas Granauskas’s 2003 novel Duburys (The Pit) draws attention to the experiences of a Soviet individual who has left his rural origins: the struggle to adapt to city life, the loss of roots and lack of spiritual framework, the submission to fate. This is a passive Soviet-era person – someone lacking any sense of initiative or belonging, who leaves no sign of his existence. Granauskas depicts the complete erasure of this individual’s original identity and how his new one is marked by the conflict of hiding his true nature as he is overwhelmed by a new, foreign context.Another view of the Soviet era is revealed in Ramūnas Klimas’s 2005 novel Maskvos laikas (Moscow Time), which depicts the intellectual circles, the awakening of consciousness as opposed to oblivion; here the work of memory is focused on childhood events, in particular the humiliation of the protagonist’s father. The novel focuses a great deal on the state, and process, of being “under someone’s boot” and how this kind of degradation can be carried into adulthood. Although the novel does not depict overt resistance, it describes the character’s refusal to accept the condition of degradation; the Soviet occupation is understood as a period of degradation during which a coercive system caused deep psychic damage. The author of this article presents Klimas’s novel as the judgement upon the Soviet period inspired by the awakening consciuosness, a judgement in which the reader is invited to take part.
The Tense Muscles of a Fanatic (Antanas Škėma, The White Shroud)
Authors: Schimmang Jochen
Published: November 2022

Antanas Škėma, Das weisse Leintuch, aus dem Litauischen von Claudia Sinning, mit einer biografischen Skizze von Jonas Mekas, Berlin: Guggolz, 2017, ISBN 978-3-945370-10-0
Bearded, Sad, and Carrying a Small Volume of Kafka’s Writings: the Golden Youth of the 1960s in the Lithuanian Prose
Authors: Kmita Rimantas
Published: November 2022

„Youth“ is one of the most important keywords of the Khrushchev Thaw. Undoubtedly, it was part of the ideology of the era – a young, impetuous, enthusiastic person, who keeps rushing to the romantic horizons and experiences an elevated sense of freedom in a totalitarian state. This was the response of the Khrushchev era to Stalin’s personality cult. The author of the article, by using the cultural and political context of the Thaw, reads two works – long story The Pine That Laughed (Pušis, kuri juokėsi) by Justinas Marcinkevičius and short story A Girl Passed By (Praėjo mergina) by Juozas Baltušis.These works by Marcinkevičius and Baltušis are the texts full of euphoria and utopia typical for the Thaw, which respond to the realities of that time and evaluate them from the aspect of the communist party, also confirming the ideology of the Thaw. Impetuosity, rational having of a purpose, puritanism, faith in education, the pursuit of a society without contradictions, and other traits of classical utopias are found in these texts. In both cases, the official ideology coincides with the conservative rural ethos and the opinion on youth morality that stems from it. The analysis of the works shows the ways in which depiction of the youth correlates with the cult of youth typical of communist ideology of those times, while the critique of the youth corresponds to the official image of a young person.Both writers portray their criticized and re-educated characters (Romas and Liana) as living on an island or under a bell jar and building their separate, but also completely wrong world. They are asocial, deviated from society and real life, cynical, appreciating sophisticated thinking and formalism, insincere, destructive and somewhat dangerous to the healthy Soviet society. Both authors show in their works that such young people are at risk of tragedies in their life. The only alternative is the exemplary path of the Soviet youth.
The Ambivalent Place of Leonardas Gutauskas in the Field of Lithuanian Literature
Authors: Vasiliauskas Saulius
Published: November 2022

Leonardas Gutauskas (b. 1938) is a well-known Lithuanian artist, poet and prose writer, who began his career in the1960s, an important decade in the development of Lithuanian literature. Noted for his Christian stance and opposition to political oppression, his refusal to appease the censors, Gutauskas worked as an authentic creator in the field of Lithuanian literature during the Soviet period, with his work being favourably received by the critics. A film based on his famous novel A Wolf Tooth Necklace and with the same title was made in 1997.Even though Gutauskas’s critical reception and other factors contributing to his prestige (for example, prizes, the sale of his paintings) are not markedly different from those of other artists who were more readily ‘sanctified’ or canonized, he did not become a representative figure of his generation, neither as a poet nor as a prose writer did he become firmly represented in Lithuanian language and literature school programmes, nor was his work put on permanent display in the National Art Gallery. This is why in this article, using Pierre Bourdieu’s theory of the sociology of literature, separating out Gutauskas’s main roles – Gutauskas as poet, Gutauskas as artist, Gutauskas as prose writer – consideration is given as to how Gutauskas’s specific, ambivalent position was formed, as to how the positions taken in the fields of art and literature interact, what effect the labels pinned on him by critics, such as ‘a dual / double / multi-faceted talent’, ‘an artist who also writes’, could have had on the reception of Gutauskas’s work.
Decades With Aputis
Authors: Bražėnas Petras
Published: November 2022

-
A Voice in the Wild..?
Authors: Čepaitienė Rasa
Published: November 2022

-
Poetic Codes of the “Žemininkai” Group in Jonas Juškaitis’s Poetry
Authors: Balsevičiūtė-Šlekienė Virginija
Published: November 2022

The article analyzes the revival of the “Žemininkai” group tradition in Jonas Juškaitis’s poetry. A somewhat metaphorical concept of “codes” is understood as a set of dominant themes and poetic features which allows to identify the generation of the “Žemininkai” poets and specify its influence in Soviet poetry. The “Žemininkai” poets formed as a poetic generation in the pre-war and WWII years. It was during that time when their poetic “code,” which asserted the cult of the land, openness to Western European culture and stood out for its existentialist poetry had emerged.Juškaitis adopted from the “Žemininkai” the sense of adoration of the land and its abundance (which in a way resembles Bradūnas and Mačernis). The archaic nature of the worldview, the constant signs of sacredness in the landscape and the dimension of past times can be easily traced in his poetry. Of all the “Žemininkai’ poets, Mačernis (especially poetic cycle of “Visions”) is the closest to Juškaitis.The deeper analysis of the human existence links Juškaitis’s poetry with the “Žemininkai” poets even more. The intensity and distinctive expression of its most important themes, time and death, are similar to the poetry “Žemininkai.” Juškaitis differs from the “Žemininkai” group by focusing on ethical issues and the newly revealed relationship between the individual and the nation. His poetry is more sociable and reflective of everyday life.
A Somewhat Romantic Approach towards Latvian (Neo)-Romanticism
Authors: Butkus Vigmantas
Published: November 2022

Edgars Lāms, Friča Bārdas dzīves un dzejas gadalaiki: Monogrāfija [Liepājas universitāte: Humanitāro un mākslas zinātņu fakultāte], Liepāja: LiePA, 2017, 292 p., ISBN 978-9934-569-26-5.Viesturs Vecgrāvis, Mani sveicina zvaigznes…: Romantiskā pasaules izjūta latviešu dzejā: Impresijas un ieskati, Rīga: Latvijas Universitātes Akadēmiskais apgāds, 2018, 280 p., ISBN 978-9934-18-380-5.
Tomas Veclova‘s Poem as a Site of Memory
Authors: Mitaitė Donata
Published: November 2022

The article employs Pierre Nora’s concept “a site of memory.” Using the term in the least strict sense, Nora’s metaphorical writing gives way to free interpretations. Tomas Venclova has realized that he lives in post-Auschwitz and post-Gulag time, and that totalitarianism has not yet been defeated. Therefore the poem must become a place to fight off the totalitarianism and a memory site of poet’s generation which disobeyed the system. The latest poetry by Venclova can be characterized by a diverse strategy of securing memory space. Anna Akhmatova, Joseph Brodsky, Osip Mandelstam, and Boris Pasternak are important because of their poetics and resistance to the totalitarian system. The untold events that took place in the Soviet Union, names and destinies, as well as poet’s personal history are important in Venclova’s poetry. Author’s comments enhance a poem as a site of memory. Located at the bottom of the poem, they provide more detailed context.In comments, epigraphs, and dedications, Venclova names true or fictitious people of his generation. The article emphasizes that the history in Venclova’s poetry is illuminated by metaphysical questions.
The Interpretation of Tomas Venclova‘s Vilnius Text
Authors: Lavrinec Pavel
Published: November 2022

The article examines the concept of Vilnius text in Tomas Venclova’s cultural works. Venclova wrote a variety of texts dedicated to Vilnius in various genres, such as poems, the well-known epistolary dialogue with Czesław Miłosz, a guide of the city, essays on Vilnius history, and a book about the most famous residents of Vilnius. The Venclova’s “Vilnius text” has already been analyzed as such. The author himself has formulated the concept of Vilnius text in several works written in 2006 and later, using the term “city text,” specifically of St. Petersburg, developed by Yuri Lotman, Vladimir Toporov and other representatives of the Russian school of semiotics. In addition, Venclova applied the concept of Königsberg text in Russian literature in the analysis of Joseph Brodsky’s poetry and compared the Vilnius text with the Tallinn text. A closer look at the characteristics of Venclova’s Vilnius text raises the question about its structure, boundaries, and composition. Venclova observes that the heterogeneous Vilnius text consists of a real substratum of urban space. Its history, biographies of Vilnius residents, works of art and fiction written in various languages are linked by theme, plot, and action space. However, the differences of Belarusian, Polish, Lithuanian, Russian, and Jewish literary “Vilnius texts” contradict the fundamental requirement of the coherence of the text and the unity of meaning. National historic narratives could help to avoid the problem of coherence and to eliminate the subjectivity of the researcher of including specific works into the Vilnius text. The differences of the narratives lead to the discrepancies in Belarusian, Polish, Lithuanian, Russian, and Jewish literary “Vilnius texts.” However, on a higher level, separate multilingual texts of Vilnius together with the substratum form one polyphonic Vilnius text.
Intermediality, Intermodality, and Semiotics
Authors: Melnikova Irina
Published: November 2022

The article discusses the Scandinavian approach to intermediality, namely, the ideas of Lars Elleström who defines intermediality as intermodal relationship. The discussion covers a range of questions: approach’s distinction from another model of intermediality (presented by Werner Wolf and Irina O. Rajewsky), its basis, i.e., the semiotic ideas of Charles S. Peirce that are of special importance for intermedial studies, the definition of medium it proposes, and finally, its analytical potential. Elleström focuses on the issue of specification of medium and makes modality the core notion of the three-layered definition of medium. The definition includes three complementary types of media considered as “theoretical aspects of what constitutes media and intermediality.” The two of them, basic and qualified media, are presented as abstract categories and structures that reveal the modes in which mediality and intermediality are formed. Technical medium is explained as a material device to embody the medial instances. Elleström’s model provides an opportunity in each particular case to see what could be acknowledged as intermediality, how this intermedial relation affects signification, and what aspects separate it from the French semiotics approach grounded in the Saussurean notion of sign. To exemplify the differences, the article offers the revision of Gremasean semiotic analysis of išlydžių zonos [discharge zones] by Gytis Norvilas within the framework of intermodal intermediality. The revision reveals the limits of semiotic analysis, the potential of intermodal approach, and the interconnection between the intermodal approach to intermediality and Genettean model of transtextuality.
Greimas‘s Three Aesthetics
Authors: Levina Jūratė
Published: November 2022

The paper examines Algirdas Julien Greimas’s criticism on literature and arts and demonstrates that it is guided by three relatively independent theoretical perspectives. Greimas’s vision of the development of the Lithuanian novel implies a sociocultural literary theory, which expands on the premise that in its narrative forms, literature registers society’s sociocultural structure and simultaneously offers to its readers ways of self-perception. Hence the novel, according to Greimas, must capture the tensions of an individual’s self-positioning in his sociocultural milieu. The history of the plastic and fine arts inspired Greimas to look into the other dimension of art, namely the autonomy of artistic expression, defined as an internal cohesion of expressive forms that primarily communicate the manifestations of natural existence understandable across cultures. Yet it is poetry that Greimas considers the most affective art. He describes it as a discourse of individual self-experience and truth-telling in a singular language that supports the inner cohesion of the poet’s vision of the world and hence enables the constitution of sense in the act of reading. Greimas finds these effects realised most powerfully by three Lithuanian poets: Algimantas Mackus, Tomas Venclova, and Henrikas Radauskas.
A Compendium of Literary Baltistics
Authors: Laurušaitė Laura
Published: November 2022

Vigmantas Butkus, Literatūrinė baltistika: Samprata, raida, perspektyvos: monografija, Vilnius: Lietuvių literatūros ir tautosakos institutas, 2018, 224 p., ISBN 978-609-425-233-4
Antanas Škėma’s 110th Birth Anniversary. The Diptych of Memories
Authors: Mačianskaitė Loreta
Published: November 2022

-
Petrushka
Authors: Škėmaitė-Snyder Kristina , Mačianskaitė Loreta , Katkus Laurynas
Published: November 2022

-
A Comparative Study of Comparative Literature in Europe
Authors: Cidzikaitė Dalia
Published: November 2022

Comparative Literature in Europe. Challenges and Perspectives, eds. Nikol Dziub and Frédérique Toudoire-Surlapierre. Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2019, 243 p. ISBN (10): 1-5275-2226-1, ISBN (13): 978-1-5275-2226-8
Romantic Idealism and Nationalism—Two Important Components of Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas’s Worldview
Authors: Vanagaitė Gitana
Published: November 2022

The worldview of Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas, who lived, worked, and created at the end of the 19th century and in the early 20th century, has not been discussed as a separate theme. Researchers have singled out and extensivelyanalyzed Vaižgantas’s nationalism, his commitment to national culture, social involvement, and synthetic nature of his notions and artistic styles. They have not discussed the preconditions for the formation of Vaižgantas’s worldview, its components and the various connections among them, systems and similar questions. Therefore, the article, based on the concept of worldview as human relationship with existence and the world, attempts to define two significant but not the only components of Vaižgantas’s worldview: romantic idealism and nationalism. It does not analyze the ‘ideal of religion’, which was guiding all Vaižgantas’s public and private activities, as it would require a separate study. In this article, the idealism and nationalism discussed in various sources are analyzed as components that establish a certain system of views, i.e., a worldview.The components of Vaižgantas’s worldview discussed in this article are based on his autobiographical sketch, “From Autobiography. My Turbulent Age,” a theoretical article, “Romantic Idealism Returns,” and a conspectus “A Review and Reviewers” from the lectures on the Lithuanian literature during the press ban. The article on romantic idealism, which seems to discuss the literary movement in Lithuanian literature, actually focuses on more general issues, which belong to the sphere of views, understood as a system of views about the world and a certain paradigm of thinking. In his article, Vaižgantas especially emphasizes the importance of an idealistic worldview for the progress of the human spirit and for the future of humanity as a whole. Nationality, the second component of Vaižgantas’ worldview, which is more broadly discussed in his lectures on the Lithuanian press ban and man‘s duty to the country that had formed because of it, belongs to the same sphere of ideals. Guided by the ideal of nationality, Vaižgantas chose to be a priest. This ideal became an imperative of his entire life—to serve the freedom and culture of the nation.
Greimas’ Criticism and Criticism of Greimas
Authors: Tūtlytė Rita
Published: November 2022

Algirdas Julius Greimas, Apie viską ir nieką: žmogus, visuomenė, kultūra, parengė Jūratė Levina, Vilnius : Vilniaus universiteto leidykla, 2019, 237, [1] p., ISBN 978-609-07-0340-3.
Why Did Čiurlionis Write the Word Decadence in Quotes? The Analysis of His February 1902 Letter to His Brother Povilas
Authors: Okulicz-Kozaryn Radosław
Published: November 2022

The paper offers a philological and contextual analysis of the word decadence as it was employed in Mikalojus Konstantinas Čiurlionis’s letter to his brother Povilas dated 6 February 1902. The Lithuanian artist implored his relative not to delve into his inner self because of the risk of falling into depression. Using his brother’s confessions, his own introspection, and intellectual experience, Čiurlionis explores this issue quite extensively. In his approach he refers to the theory of nervousness, uses the concepts of self-analysis and decadence, putting the latter in quotes. The quotes mark sender’s intention to dissociate himself from the phenomenon, as well as his confusion about its ambiguous meaning. In fact, as a result of the 19th-century scientific scepticism, the word decadence discredits every attempt at defining it. A careful study of term’s history and career at the turn of 19th century shows that Čiurlionis’s position mirrors uncertainty surrounding the notion in the Western countries, since it has been associated with the contemporary culture by Charles Baudelaire and Pierre Bourget. Some major controversies over the meaning of the word are recounted in the paper. Authors in Paris and London and especially the Warsaw artistic society, which gathered around Zenon PrzesmyckiMiriam and his art magazine “Chimera,” are presented as important in understanding Čiurlionis’s views.
Prayer Poetry in the Conversations of Henrikas Nagys and Liūnė Sutema: From Despair to Salvation
Authors: Jakaitė Dalia
Published: November 2022

The aim of this article is to examine and compare the most noticeable semantic aspects of prayer poetry in the works of Henrikas Nagys and Liūnė Sutema. The classical religious (theological) thought and the modern approach to prayer are important for the concept of prayer. The poetic prayer is more characteristic of Liūnė Sutema than Nagys; this phenomenon leads to a new understanding of the encounter of the two poets in this poetic space. The figures of sister, brother and father, the poetically individual forms of the collective subject (“we”) in the poetry of Nagys and Liūnė Sutema express the significance of the community, which corresponds to the Christian tradition of prayer. The prayer community of both authors share the poetically strong drama of guilt and repentance, truth and error, fidelity and betrayal. The analysis of God as the addressee of prayer revealed a dialogic interpretation of the Bible and the relevance of traditional prayers in the poems of both poets. The wrath of God and its dualism, which takes on the form of antiprayer, and a radical doubt about God’s will is the dominant feature of Nagys’ poetry. God in Liūnė Sutema’s poetry is more personal and is characterized by a paradoxical preservation of tradition. One of the poetically strongest forms of prayer in Liūnė Sutema’s poetry is the variations of “thy will be done” prayer. It is also one of the most suggestive means of a dialogue with Nagys’ poetry.
From Shulhoyf to Montparnasse: Cultural Collage in Moshé Vorobeichic's Photography Book The Ghetto Lane in Wilna (1931)
Authors: Kvietkauskas Mindaugas
Published: November 2022

This article discusses the artistic genesis of the first avantgarde photography book in Lithuanian art history, The Ghetto Lane in Wilna (1931) by Moshé Vorobeichic-Moï Ver (Moshe Raviv, 1904–1995), and aims to conduct the first in-depth reconstruction of Vorobeichic’s early biographical and creative period in Vilnius in the 1920s in the local Jewish and multicultural milieu. The research is based on archival materials from Lithuanian state archives and the Raviv family archives in Israel. Vorobeichic, who was born in 1904 in Zaskavichy (currently in Belarus), made his artistic debut in Vilnius in 1923, and studied at the Faculty of Fine Art at Stephen Bathory University from 1923 to 1925. He continued his art studies at the Bauhaus school in Dessau (1927 to 1929) and, from 1929 in Paris at the École Technique de Photographie et de Cinématographie. From 1930 onwards, the photographer used the artistic pseudonym Moï Ver, under which his avant-garde photography book Paris, hailed as a masterpiece of the genre, was published by Editions Jeanne Walter in 1931. During the same period, Vorobeichic participated in Jewish cultural life in Vilnius, and was involved in the early stages of the formation of Yung Vilne, the acclaimed literary and artistic group of interwar Yiddish Modernism. The article aims to identify the cultural contexts in which Moï Ver’s artistic world-view and avant-garde style started to develop. The reconstruction of these contexts makes it possible to identify new semantic aspects in his avant-garde photography book The Ghetto Lane in Wilna, and to rethink its artistic concept. In this way, the cross-cultural semantics of Moï Ver’s photographic collages of Jewish Vilnius will emerge.
The Prose of Everyday Life: Moyshe Levin's Vilna Peoplescapes
Authors: Cammy Justin
Published: November 2022

This article introduces readers to the fiction by Moyshe Levin, a member of the Yiddish literary and artistic group Yung Vilne (Young Vilna). I argue that Levin challenged sentimental myths of Vilna as a centre of Yiddish culture by crafting naturalist fiction and reportage focused on the struggles of Vilna’s Jewish underclass and workers. In doing so, he developed a fictional universe that was directly engaged with and explored the social and political challenges of local Jewish life in the 1930s.
The Intelligentsia in a Political Epoch
Authors: Sprindytė Jūratė
Published: November 2022

Valdemaras Klumbys, Stovėję po medžiu: lietuvių inteligentijos elgesio strategijos sovietmečiu, Lietuvos istorijos institutas, Vilnius, MMXXI, 376 p., ISBN 978-609-8183-97-9
Folkloric Language of the Dream: Oneiric Narratives in the Social Communication
Authors: Ivanauskaitė-Šeibutienė Vita
Published: November 2022

In culture research, just like in psychology, there is a tendency of defining dreams as specific language, characterized by its unique structure and meaning. Thus, distinction between absolutely individual language of the dream, which is, according to the cultural scholar Yuri Lotman, unsuited to communication, and the language of the dream narrative, which turns private oneiric experience into a public social performance, directly connected to tradition and social communication, acquires particular relevance.Here, several relevant aspects of the dream narratives as elements of the traditional communication are examined in greater detail. While studying the dream narratives recorded in the course of approximately a decade in various parts of Lithuania, it was noted that narrators belonging to the elder generation quite frequently refer to delivering a message gained in the dream (i. e., when the dreamer believes to have dreamt of something significant) to a person that has been dreamt of or is closely related to the deceased appearing in the dream (in order to warn or inform the person in question of something, or in order to encourage them to take certain action). The article is focused on the ways that such communication of the dream message affects the behavior of the community members and their relationships. Another group of the dream narratives analyzed in the article consists of stories about the deceased applying for help in the dreams. Here, narratives involving the deceased unexpectedly turning up in the dreams of strangers (not the family members or relatives) and asking for something, are considered. Like the whole paradigm of oneiric narratives associated with the requests of the deceased in general, these narratives support the essential notion shaped by tradition and religious practices: namely, that requests from the deceased are never accidental (the deceased only apply for help when it is necessary) and must be granted immediately. It seems that in such atmosphere of full-scale caring about the deceased sighted in dreams, the opposition of one’s own vs. strange is totally abolished.The dream narratives as elements of traditional communication correspond to the general view supported by many researchers maintaining that folklore is a communication phenomenon par excellence, provided it is viewed not just as a jumble of separate pieces, but rather as a continuous flow of tradition, as ways and processes of supporting the communal ties and mutual understanding, of sharing values and living accordingly.
Some Remarks on the Folklore Heritage of Mikalojus Kuprevičius
Authors: Daugirdaitė Vilma
Published: November 2022

-
On Guard of the Lithuanian Identity
Authors: Kuprevičius Giedrius
Published: November 2022

-