bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ФОРМАЛИЗАЦИЯ ЭТАПА АВТОМАТИЧЕСКОЙ ТРАССИРОВКИ В МАРШРУТЕ ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЯ НА ОСНОВЕ ГЕТЕРОГЕННЫХ РЕКОНФИГУРИРУЕМЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Эннс В.И. , Гаврилов С.В. , Заплетина М.А.
Published: December 2021

В статье представлен математический аппарат на основе теории множеств для описания соотношения между коммутационными ресурсами базовых кристаллов гетерогенных реконфигурируемых интегральных схем и требованиями проектных пользовательских схем. С использованием предложенных в работе терминологии и обозначений построена модель коммутационных ресурсов гетерогенной реконфигурируемой интегральной схемы, формализована задача трассировки межсоединений проектных схем в рамках классического маршрута проектирования. Предложенный математический аппарат разработан в связи с необходимостью оперативной настройки средств автоматизации проектирования на разные архитектуры и структурные элементы коммутационных ресурсов базовых кристаллов реконфигурируемых интегральных микросхем.
ПРОГРАММНОЕ ПРОТОТИПИРОВАНИЕ И АНАЛИЗ РЕКОНФИГУРИРУЕМЫХ ИНТЕГРАЛЬНЫХ СХЕМ С ДРЕВОВИДНОЙ АРХИТЕКТУРОЙ, "Электронная техника. Серия 3. Микроэлектроника"
Authors: Эннс В.И. , Гаврилов С.В. , Хватов В.М. , Курбатов В.Г.
Published: December 2021

В работе описан метод программного прототипирования архитектуры программируемых логических интегральных схем (ПЛИС, FPGA) и реконфигурируемых систем на кристалле, основанный на множественных запусках системы автоматизации проектирования (САПР), интегральных схем с использованием набора тестовых пользовательских проектов. Также в статье показана обобщенная формализованная модель целевого кристалла и проектных пользовательских схем, которая может быть использована в САПР для обеспечения его гибкой настройки на любую архитектуру реконфигурируемой интегральной схемы. Практическое применение разработанного метода программного прототипирования продемонстрировано на примере итерационного изменения древовидной трассировочной архитектуры группы логических блоков программируемой логической интегральной схемы.
НОВЫЕ РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ ГОЛОЦЕНОВОЙ ИСТОРИИ ШЕЛЬФА АЗОВСКОГО МОРЯ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Матишов Г.Г. , Польшин В.В. , Титов В.В. , Григоренко К.С. , Сушко К.С. , Коваленко Е.П. , Кириллова Е.Э.
Published: December 2021

В статье представлены результаты палеогеографических и океанологических экспедиционных исследований косы Долгой Азовского моря, полученные в 2021 г. Комплекс проводившихся мероприятий состоял из бурения скважин, измерения морских течений и термохалинной структуры прилегающих вод, отбора гидрохимических, гидробиологических, литологических проб и археологических работ. При любом направлении ветра у западного (азовоморского) берега косы Долгой существует постоянное вдольбереговое течение. При западном ветре оно является дрейфовым, при восточном – компенсационным. Такой характер течений способствует транспортировке ракушечного материала с Елениной и Железинской банок и продуктов абразии с западного коренного берега. Приведены новые данные о строении разрезов скважин из различных районов косы Долгой. В нижних горизонтах скважин, пробуренных у основания косы, а также в лагунах, были отобраны пробы воды, общая минерализация в которых вдвое превышает соленость Азовского моря. Верхний водоносный горизонт островов косы Долгой хорошо промывается водами Азовского моря. Проведенные исследования островов позволили выявить различия в их строении, составе отложений и донной фауны. Отмеченные особенности стратиграфии и состава наносов, слагающих островные гряды, объясняются различиями их физико-механических характеристик и литодинамическими условиями транспортировки осадочного материала. Отложения островов в основном сложены ракушечным детритом различной степени раздробленности, органогенно-детритусовыми песками и отдельными створками раковин. В составе раковинного материала отложений преобладают створки моллюска Cerastoderma. Находки археологических артефактов на островной части косы относятся к различным эпохам и датируются II веком до н.э. и XIII–XIV веками н.э.
ПОГОДНЫЕ УСЛОВИЯ И ДИНАМИКА УРОЖАЙНОСТИ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР В КРЫМУ, "Наука юга России"
Authors: Коба В.П. , Коренькова О.О.
Published: December 2021

Цель исследования – изучение влияния погодных условий на урожайность зерновых культур в Крыму на основе анализа многолетних метеорологических данных, моделирование и прогноз динамики увлажненности и температурного режима. Наиболее значимыми погодными условиями вегетационного периода при возделывании зерновых культур в Крыму являются уровень атмосферных осадков в апреле и температурный режим мая. На основе анализа многолетних метеорологических показателей выявлена осцилляция данных погодных явлений. Совместное их действие проявляет экологическую когерентность. В годы снижения количества атмосферных осадков в апреле и повышения температуры воздуха в мае значительно усиливается негативное влияние данных погодных явлений на урожайность зерновых культур. В периоды, когда количество осадков в апреле и температурный режим мая по характеристике экологического воздействия находятся в «противофазе», происходит нивелирование их влияния на рост и развитие зерновых культур. Временной интервал осцилляции наиболее критических для возделывания зерновых культур в Крыму периодов уменьшения количества осадков в апреле и повышения температуры воздуха в мае составляет 130–140 лет. Современную динамику погодных явлений в Крыму следует оценивать как начальный этап периода, когда при некотором положительном влиянии увеличения количества осадков в середине весны начинает нарастать негативный эффект действия повышенных температур во второй ее половине. В последнее десятилетие весна в Крыму характеризуется заметным увеличением среднемесячных температур, что определяет сокращение сроков вегетации зерновых и снижение их урожайности.
ДРЕВЕСНО-КУСТАРНИКОВАЯ РАСТИТЕЛЬНОСТЬ ОСТРОВА ТУЗЛА (КЕРЧЕНСКИЙ ПРОЛИВ), "Наука юга России"
Authors: Соколова Т.А. , Ермолаева О.Ю. , Коломийчук В.П.
Published: December 2021

В период с 2008 по 2019 г. на острове Тузла проведены флористические исследования. Тузлинская аккумулятивная система – уникальное с точки зрения биоразнообразия образование. На небольшом участке суши отмечены псаммофитный, литоральный, степной, луговой, солончаковый, болотный и водный типы растительности. В статье изложены результаты синтаксономии древесно-кустарниковой растительности, наименее представленной на острове и отсутствующей на косе Тузла. Описана новая ассоциация Lactuco tataricae-Elaeagnetum angustifoliae, сообщества которой протянулись с северо-запада на юго-восток по центру острова. В ее составе охарактеризованы две субассоциации: Lactuco tataricae-Elaeagnetum angustifoliae juncetosum maritimae, Lactuco tataricae-Elaeagnetum angustifoliae artemisetum arenariae. Сообщества первой занимают понижения в рельефе, влажные местообитания, второй – возвышения песчано-ракушечного пляжа. В связи с существенными изменениями синтаксономии приморских сообществ в последние годы возможны изменения синтаксономического положения указанных синтаксонов, необходимы дополнительные исследования окрестных территорий и ближайших побережий. Проведены сравнительный анализ новых синтаксонов с ранее описанными и ординация, которая позволила отметить экологические различия изучаемых сообществ, а также подтвердила наши синтаксономические решения. Помимо классификации приведены сведения о современном состоянии растительности. В настоящее время она сильно преобразована, но многие уникальные сообщества сохранились. В составе описанных сообществ отмечены 13 редких видов растений, занесенных в Красную книгу Республики Крым. Новые синтаксоны имеют высокую природоохранную значимость.
Effects of Natural Versus Synthetic Consonant and Vowel Stimuli on Cortical Auditory-Evoked Potential
Authors: Song Hyunwook , Jeon Seungik , Shin Yerim , Han Woojae , Kim Saea , Kwak Chanbeom , Lee Eunsung , Kim Jinsook
Published: December 2021

Background and Objectives: Natural and synthetic speech signals effectively stimulate cortical auditory evoked potential (CAEP). This study aimed to select the speech materials for CAEP and identify CAEP waveforms according to gender of speaker (GS) and gender of listener (GL).Subjects and Methods: Two experiments including a comparison of natural and synthetic stimuli and CAEP measurement were performed of 21 young announcers and 40 young adults. Plosive /g/ and /b/ and aspirated plosive /k/ and /p/ were combined to /a/. Six bisyllables–/ga/-/ka/, /ga/-/ba/, /ga/-/pa/, /ka/-/ba/, /ka/-/pa/, and /ba/-/pa/–were formulated as tentative forwarding and backwarding orders. In the natural and synthetic stimulation mode (SM) according to GS, /ka/ and /pa/ were selected through the first experiment used for CAEP measurement.Results: The correction rate differences were largest (74%) at /ka/-/ pa/ and /pa/-/ka/; thus, they were selected as stimulation materals for CAEP measurement. The SM showed shorter latency with P2 and N1-P2 with natural stimulation and N2 with synthetic stimulation. The P2 amplitude was larger with natural stimulation. The SD showed significantly larger amplitude for P2 and N1-P2 with /pa/. The GS showed shorter latency for P2, N2, and N1-P2 and larger amplitude for N2 with female speakers. The GL showed shorter latency for N2 and N1-P2 and larger amplitude for N2 with female listeners.Conclusions: Although several variables showed significance for N2, P2, and N1-P2, P1 and N1 did not show any significance for any variables. N2 and P2 of CAEP seemed affected by endogenous factors.
The Determinant of Student Decision to Continue Their Study on Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of Uin Alauddin Makassar
Authors: . Siradjuddin , Wahid Haddade Abdul , Arif Widyantono , Fajriani Imaniar N. , Zulqadri Juanda
Published: December 2021

This research aims to examine and partially and simultaneously the effects of (1) socialization, (2) study program accreditation, (3) tuition fees, and (4) job opportunities for students' decisions to continue their education on Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of UIN Alauddin Makassar. This research is an ex-post facto research that examines causal associative relationships with a quantitative approach. The sampling technique is done by proportional random sampling. Techniques of analysis and processing of research data using multiple linear regression  analysis. The results show that socialization partially does not have an effect, study program accreditation has a positive and significant effect, tuition fees has a positive and significant effect, and job opportunities do not have an effect, and simultaneously socialization, accreditation, tuition fees, and job opportunities have effect on students' decisions to continue their education in the Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of UIN Alauddin Makassar. It indicates    that the all factors in this study can be determined as the factors for the students to choose Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program in UIN Alauddin Makassar; thus, in order to increase the decisions of other students, the university needs to increase aspects that this research has been conducted. The recommendation for future researchers is conducting research with other variables to know other reasons and aspects of students to continue their study at Postgraduate Sharia Economic Study Program of UIN Alauddin Makassar.
Common Fallacies about Multivalued Circuits
Authors: Etiemble Daniel
Published: December 2021

For more than 60 years, many ternary or quaternary circuits have been proposed based on similar assumptions. We successively examine four of these assumptions and demonstrate that they are wrong. The fundamental reason for which m-valued combinational circuits are more complicated than the corresponding binary ones is explained. M-valued flash memories are used in USB devices because access times in not critical and a trade-off is possible between access time and chip area. If m-valued circuits are reduced to a very small niche in the binary world with semi-conductor technologies, there is a significant exception: quantum devices and computers are a true breakthrough as qbits are intrinsically multivalued. Successful m-valued circuits need m-valued devices as qbits.
Mechanistic Validation of an Ergogenic T. arjuna Standardized Extract (Oxyjun®) Using a Molecular Docking Approach
Authors: Pandey Kavita , Uppal Gursimran Kaur , Upadhyay Ratna
Published: December 2021

The bark of the tree Terminalia arjuna commonly referred as Arjuna is widely used in Ayurveda as a therapeutic agent for heart disease. More recently, a proprietary botanical extract of T. arjuna with tradename, Oxyjun®, demonstrated cardiotonic and ergogenic benefits for the first time in a younger and healthier population. However, the mechanism of action and biological actives of this novel sports ingredient were not clear. A molecular docking approach was adopted to understand the protein-ligand interactions and establish the most probable mechanism(s) of cardio vascular actions of the phytoconstituents of the T. arjuna standardized extract (TASE). Twenty-one phytochemicals (ligands) were chosen from Arjuna and their binding affinities against eight proteins serving cardiovascular functions (target proteins) were investigated. Autodock Vina was used to carry out the molecular docking studies. Potential efficacy in humans was assessed on the basis of ADMET properties and Lipinski’s Rule of 5. We found that arjunic acid, arjungenin, arjunetin, arjunglucoside1, chrysin, kaempferol, luteolin, rhamnetin and taxifolin demonstrated good docking scores and bioactivity.
Site Specific Nutrient Management Options for Achieving Higher Yields in Cotton and Chickpea under Rainfed Condition
Authors: Nayak S. Balaji , Balaguravaiah D. , Ramana K. V. , Giridharakrishna T. , Munirathnam P. , Reddy B. Ravindra
Published: December 2021

A study was undertaken to delineation of spatial variability of soil fertility status in order to prepare soil available nutrient maps for improved productivity in different crops grown in the study area of Kurnool revenue division in Kurnool district of Andhra Pradesh state using remote sensing and GIS techniques. The Knowledge of spatial-variability is critical for site specific nutrient management in soil fertility to obtain higher yields. Soil sample (350) were collected from surface from 350 selected sites for preparing precise digital maps using point, line and polygon tools of the Geographic Information System (GIS) with ArcGIS software 10.3 was used for database creation and for creating the union of various thematic maps. The spatial variability maps were generated and delineated into different zones for N, P and K. Soil available Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium spatial variability values generated from the thematic maps of Kurnool division were used to establish fertilizer recommendations for cotton in kharif and Chickpea in rabi during  2018-19 seasons. The recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) that worked for cotton were 401 to 450, 351 to 400, > 450 and < 350 kg ha-1 for the areas with Nitrogen availability of 140 to 210, 210 to 280, <140 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphorous fertilizer recommendation for soils with available P of < 30 kg/ha and > 30 kg/ha was figured out as > 250 kg ha-1 and < 250 kg ha-1, respectively. For soil available Potassium recorded 230 to 560, < 230 and > 560 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 301 to 400, > 401 and < 300 kg/ha, respectively. Recommended doses of Nitrogen (RDN) was worked out for chickpea were 51 to 75, > 76 and < 50 kg/ha for the areas with available N ranges of 184 to 280, < 184 and > 280 kg/ha, respectively. The Phosphatic fertilizer recommendation for soils of available P of < 23.5 and 23.5 to 40 kg/ha was figured out as > 200 kg/ha and 171 to 200 kg/ha, respectively. For the soil available potassium recorded 253 to 412, 413 to 570, < 253 and > 570 kg/ha, the K recommendation was figured out as 66 to 100, 31 to 65, > 100 and < 30 kg/ha, respectively.
Effect of Growth Regulators and Organics on Growth and Yield of Spiny Brinjal Variety VRM (Br) -1
Authors: Nanthakumar S. , Kumar C. Pravin , Thilagam P.
Published: December 2021

Two field experiments were carried out at Horticultural College, Kalavai to study the effect of growth regulators and organics on growth and yield of spiny brinjal (Solanum melongena) var.VRM-1. Growth regulators viz., Salicylic acid @ 200 ppm, Brassinosteriods  @ 0.1 ppm, Triacontanol @ 5 ppm and NAA @ 40 ppm and organics viz., Seaweed extract @ 1.0%, Humic acid @ 1.0%, Panchagavya @ 5.0% and Vermiwash @ 5.0% were tested and applied as foliar spray in spiny brinjal var VRM-1. Among the treatments tested, Panchagavya treatment recorded maximum value with regard to plant height (85.45 cm), leaf area (131.59 cm),  leaf area index (3.66), branches per plant (21.3 Nos) , flowers per plant (55.5 Nos), fruits per plant (20.9 Nos), fruit length (5.8 cm), fruit circumference (14.7 cm)  and individual fruit weight (82.1 g). Brassinosteroids treatment found to be effective in increasing root length (22.75 cm).
Influence of Long Term Fertilization and Manures on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties of Udorthentic Chromusterts
Authors: Venkatesh V. , Sekaran N. Chandra , Sanjivkumar V. , Meena S. , Parthiban K. T.
Published: December 2021

To study the effect of different nutrient management practices on different soil physical and chemical properties in the permanent manurial experiment field of Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, which was established during 1982 at Agriculture Research Station, Kovilpatti. Soil physical and chemical properties are mainly affected by the continuous application of fertilizers or manures from years together. To study the above mentioned properties of soil the soil samples were collected from the permanent manurial experiment of kovilpatti where the Randomized Block Design (RBD) was followed with nine different treatments viz., T1- Control; T2- 100 % RDF (40:20:40 NPK kg ha-1); T3- 50% RDF (20:10:20 NPK kg ha-1); T4- 50% N (Crop residues); T5- 50 % N (FYM); T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%) ; T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%); T8- 100 % RDF + 25 kg ZnSO4 ha-1; T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1. The effect of these treatments along with the depth (0-15 cm; 15-30 cm and 30-45 cm) was compared. The treatment receiving organics viz., T9- FYM - 12.5 t ha-1 was observed to be the best in all the physical and chemical properties which was then followed by INM viz.,  T7- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (FYM) + P (50%) + K (50%) and T6- 50 % Inorganic N+ 50% organic N (crop residues) + P (50%) + K (50%).
Patients’ Perceptions of Hospital Care in a Covid-19 Pandemic Population
Authors: Felix Erondu Okechwukwu , Ogolodom Michael Promise , Mbaba Awajimijan Nathaniel , Nonyelum Aniebo
Published: December 2021

Background: COVID-19 pandemic was associated with pandemonium and misinformation, affecting patients' health-seeking behavior. This study was designed to explore patients' perceptions of hospital care during this period and to provide evidence-based and appropriate public health planning strategies.

Materials and Method: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 155 patients using 22 items structured and self-completion questionnaires to determine (A) Socio-demographic variables, (B) Knowledge and perception of the disease, and (C) The participants’ behaviors towards COVID-19. A Hardcopy version of the questionnaire was administered to the respondents by direct issuance.

Results: 103(66.45%) of the respondents knew the cause of COVID-19, while 104 (67.09%) agreed that people can be infected with COVID-19 in the hospital.  84 (54.19%) were afraid of a hospital visit and 66 (42.58%) are unwilling to self-report if they have minor symptoms. A large number 43(27.74%) perceived a clean environment as the impetus to make them comfortable in the hospital.

Conclusion: Our study illuminates gaps in the patients’ perceptions of hospital care during the COVID-19 pandemic, which impacted negatively on the patient population as they avoided hospitalization for fear of contracting COVID-19 in the hospital. Furthermore, appropriate public health strategies can improve patients’ perceptions and health-seeking behavior in a pandemic period.
Comparative Study between Adductor Canal Block, Femoral Nerve Block and Epidural Analgesia for Management of Post-Operative Pain in Total Knee Replacement
Authors: Ismail Gawish Heba Salah Eldin , Mohammed Elbadry Amr Arafa , El-Shmaa Nagat Sayed Mohammed , Mostafa Dowidar Abdelraheem
Published: December 2021

Background: Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a common surgery that is associated with moderate to severe pain. Early ambulation and physical therapy are essential for functional recovery and long-term functional outcome after TKA as well as for reducing the immobility related complications. Hence, optimal pain relief while maintaining the motor function remains the mainstay in postoperative pain management after TKA.

‎Patients and Methods: This prospective randomized controlled open-labelled study was carried out at Tanta University Hospital, Orthopedic Surgery Department from January 2020 to February 2021.

Results: Heart rate was significantly increased at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively in group I and II compared to group III and there was insignificant change between group I and group II.

Mean arterial blood pressure was significantly increased at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively in group I and II compared to group III and was insignificant change between group I and group II.NRS was significantly increased at 12 and 18 hours postoperatively in group I and II compared to group III and was insignificant change between group I and group II.

Patient satisfaction was significantly higher in group III compared to group I and group II on the second postoperative day.

Conclusion: Adductor canal nerve block provide better postoperative pain relieve with lower NRS after TKA than femoral and epidural blocks. It provides more stability of hemodynamic parameter and longer time for the 1st time of analgesic request. Also, total consumption of morphine in 1st postoperative day is lower than femoral and epidural blocks.
COVID- 19 Infections with and without Co-morbidities and Clinical Outcome
Authors: Ghafar Beenish , Bhatti Urooj , Khan Shehmeen , Abro Afsheen , Ahmedani Rubina , Memon Quratulain
Published: December 2021

Aim: To evaluate the clinical outcomes and severity of disease in COVID-19 patients presenting with and without comorbidities. 

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Place and Duration: ICUs, wards of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center Karachi from March, to June 2021.

Methodology: The enrolled patients diagnosed with COVID-19 ie according to the provisional directions given by WHO, were assessed for clinical outcomes. Comorbidities were determined based on patients self-report on admission.  

Results: Total 200 COVID patients were enrolled in the study, out of them 179 were with comorbidities like type 2 Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cardiac disorders and  asthma, while 21 COVID patients were with no co morbidity. In present study (n=200), 55.5% were belonging to the age group more than fifty five years old, there were 50.5% males and 29.5% patients came in the month of June 2021. There were 84% hypertensive, 54% were diabetic, 10% were Ischemic Heart Disease and 5% were Asthmatic patients.  Clinical outcomes, i.e., pneumothorax, pulmonary embolism, Myocardial Infarction,   septic shock, heart failure, Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation was compared  regarding associated co-morbidities at the time of admission, p-value was <0.01 and  x2=20.15 .

Conclusion: COVID patients with comorbidities are more at risk of developing worst clinical outcomes.
Amalgamation of Nanotechnology with Plant Sciences
Authors: Nishtha . , Verma Vaishali
Published: December 2021

This review paper deals with the basic aspects and advancement of Nanotechnology and its varied applications in every possible field starting from biotechnology, pharmaceuticals, drug science energy related sectors and so on. They show some explicit properties like strength, electrical, optical and chemical properties. Nanoparticles show increment in plant productivity by showing direct interactions with plants or indirectly with soil. Nanoparticles can easily be synthesized utilizing microbes and plants so they are organically protected, savvy, and climate amicable. Nanoparticles are termed as “magic bullets” because of their extraordinary properties, and for this reason they are employed in production of nano herbicides, nano pesticides. Nanotechnology does the job of addressing distinctive natural and medical problems which occurs to happen with the unreasonable utilization of pesticides and fertilizers in horticultural practices. When used in an appropriate amount and concentration they cause positive effects on the respective plants. Some of these include increment in crop production, better quality, increased photosynthetic activity, biomass, chlorophyll content and the list go on. With every positive effect comes the detrimental ones also. Inhibition of root and shoot length, reduced seed germination, inefficiency in photosynthetic activity.
Evaluation of Salivary Interleukin-1 Beta in Covid Recovered Patients
Authors: Palani Harini , Sinduja Palati , Priyadharshini R. , Meghashree V.
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The COVID-19 is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The epidemic started in Wuhan in mid-December 2019 and quickly spread across the world as a pandemic. Saliva is emerging as a promising alternative to nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs for COVID-19 diagnosis and monitoring.

Aim: To evaluate the Interleukin-1 Beta in the salivary samples of COVID-recovered patients and healthy controls.

Materials and Methods: An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients. The study was non-invasive and easy to perform without much inconvenience to patients. The samples were obtained from patients who came to the clinics of Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. A total of 20 saliva samples were collected from recruited patients 10 of whom were healthy controls and 10 were collected from patients who had made complete recovery from covid infection at least three months ago Student T  test were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS statistics for windows version 23.0, Armonk, NY: IBM Corp. Released 2015). Values were expressed as Mean and SD. An observational study on saliva samples of COVID recovered patients.The salivary Interleukin-1 levels were analyzed using ELISA.

Results: Within the limitations of the study, we conclude that salivary Interleukin-1 level is increased in COVID recovered patients. The difference was statistically significant proving that in spite of complete uneventful recovery from COVID infection the individual’s inflammatory markers are seen to be at our rise.

Conclusion: Salivary Interleukin-1 levels are increased in COVID recovered patients. Further prospective studies with the limited sample size of the salivary levels of IL-1  can effectively assess disease severity and predict outcome in patients with COVID-19.This study illustrates the group of healthy controls and COVID recovered patients.
Biological Activity of Aromatic Compounds from Clove (Syzygium aromaticum)
Authors: Surbhi . , Sushma . , Sharma Reena
Published: December 2021

Clove (Syzygium aromaticum) is most vital spice which has been utilized for food preservative and also as a remedial plant over centuries. It is local plant of Indonesia however these days it is used in numerous parts of the world including Brazil in the province of Bahia. This plant is one of the plentiful sources of phenolic compounds and bears enormous capacity for pharmaceutical, makeup and foodstuff. This analysis includes studies coverage biological activity of eugenol and clove. The antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of clove are higher than numerous of the fruits and vegetables and it ought to have extraordinary consideration. The diverse studies mentioned in this review prove the long-established use of clove in food preservation and also as a remedial plant.
In silico Molecular Docking of Anthraquinone Identified from Boerhavia diffusa Linn against Bax and Bcl-2 Gene
Authors: Kanagavalli U. , Deboral E. , Lakshmipriya M. D. , Sadiq A. Mohamed , Priya A. Mohana
Published: December 2021

In today's medical environment, natural products have made a substantial contribution to the therapeutic approach in the treatment of diseases ranging from the simple to the complex. The old or traditional approach of standardization in medicinal plant research is a time-consuming, costly, and to some extent antiquated process. As a result, a computational technique that includes an in silico molecular docking simulation study has become an important tool for drug development, standardisation, and screening of phytochemicals. To investigate the cardioprotective research and the interaction of the strong chemical against Bax and Bcl-2 cardiomyocyte gene, docking was conducted using multiple Protein Data Bank files (3EOO, 3D2U, 2I42, and 3D2Y). The Anthraquinone has shown more potent interaction with apoptotic regulators Bcl-2 and Bax genes by showing good binding energy. The study also evident that Anthraquinone (UBA) was an ideal drug agent with better drug likeliness.  Further, the compound can be used as therapeutic molecule for myocardial infarction. However, the results are preliminary and experimental evaluation will be carried out in near future.
Preparation and Evaluation of Nanophytosomes of Aqueous Extract of Leaves of Momordica charantia
Authors: Reddy P. Ramakrishna , Sreedhar V. , Reddy K. Rajesh , Murali D. , Sudhakara K.
Published: December 2021

Though there was not enough data available throughout the phytosome research, authors tried maximum to provide all inputs for the preparation of phytosomes. The objectives of the present research work focused on the investigation of phyto chemical constituents of aqueous extract, preparation of nanophytosomes of aqueous extract. Momorica charantia plants were collected locally from the village of Muhavur. The leaves were separated from the plant and the leaves were washed with water and then again washed with chloroform to remove soil particles and the leaves were spread and dried in the shade for 4 days. The aqueous extract of Momorica charantia obtained was subjected to qualitative analysis to test the presence of various phytochemicals. Particle size of prepared nanophytosomes was analyzed by photon correlation spectroscopy using a Shimadzu particle size analyzer (SALD 2101, Japan). Diluted nanophytosomal suspension was placed into the sample dispersion unit while stirring at room temperature (in order to reduce the inter particle aggregation). All analyses has been performed in triplicate. Nanophytosomes of Momordica charantia aqueous extract was effectively prepared and tested. The aqueous extract was evaluated phyto chemical screening followed by all characterization studies. Phytochemical screening study remaining that the extract consists of flavanoids. The characterization study showed that the phytosomes are having nano size, good stability properties with round to spherical shape with smooth surfaces.
Assess the Psychosocial Problem Faced by the Primary Caregivers of Mentally Challenged Children
Authors: Jiwane Achal , Joshi Ragini , Kanholkar Divyani , Kapgate Shreya , Mendhe Deeplata
Published: December 2021

Background: It is estimated that up to 20% of children worldwide suffer from debilitating mental illness. Learning disabilities, ADHD, depression, psychosis, pervasive developmental disorders, attachment disorders, anxiety, and conduct disorder are all serious mental illnesses. Living with such children can be extremely stressful for the family's caregiver. Recognizing the difficulties of living with these children is critical in assisting or supporting caregivers in providing appropriate care for their children. For family members, the onset and long-term presence of mental illness can be a stressful event or a crisis. Interactions with mental health professionals have been found to have an impact on these families' transition from crisis to recovery. Families who meet with a mental health professional regularly have a better chance of recovering from the crisis and dealing with the situation.

Objectives: Assess the psychosocial problem faced by the primary caregivers of mentally challenged children.

Materials and Methods: Descriptive research study was to assess psychosocial problems faced by primary caregiver’s children who are mentally challenged. Selected parents who are mentally challenged children of community area. In this study total number of 50 samples to fulfill the inclusion criteria were selected. Likert scale was developed to assess psychosocial problems.

Expected Result: This study is a plan to assess the psychosocial problem faced by primary care children who are mentally challenged. Hence it is expected to identify the psychosocial problem of parents with mentally challenged children.
Preparation, Characterization and Screening of Gold Nanoparticles Using Phenolic Rich Fractions of Amaranthus gangeticus L. for its in-vitro Anti-oxidant, Anti-Diabetic and Anti-Cancer Activities
Authors: Elias Akila , Habbu Prasanna V. , Iliger Sudhir
Published: December 2021

Aim: In this present study, Gold Nanoparticles are prepared by biosynthesis method using Phenolic Rich Fractions of ethanolic leaf extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. which was characterized and evaluated for their In-vitro antioxidative, antidiabetic, and anti-cancer potential against HeLa cells.

Materials and Methods: Plant mediated AuNPs (gold nanoparticles) were synthesized using phenolic rich fractions of ethanolic extract of Amaranthus gangeticus L. and characterization was done by UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Scanning Electronic Microscopy (SEM) and TEM analysis and Selected Area Electron Diffraction SAED pattern. The synthesized AuNPs were assessed for its pharmacological studies.

Results: Initially the formation of AuNPs has been identified by its change of colour followed by UV–visible spectroscopy (at 550 nm) due to surface Plasmon resonance. Using XRD pattern the crystalline property of AuNPs were confirmed. The functional group existing in Phenolic Rich Fractions of Amaranthus gangeticus L. responsible for the reduction of gold ion and the stabilization of AuNPs was investigated through FT-IR. The spherical shape of AuNPs were studied by SEM and TEM analysis. From the results, it is confirmed that the synthesized AuNPs having good antidiabetic potential at a very low concentration as well as potent anti-cancer activity against the HeLa cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. It also observed with potent antioxidant activity.

Conclusion: From the present study, the synthesized AuNPs using Amaranthus gangeticus L. were found to be very potent to treat the major diseases like cancer and diabetes.
Correlation between Peripheral Blood Eosinophilia and the Histopathological Changes in Nasal Mucosal in Chronic Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Narayanan Jahnavi , Diwagar K. Nithin , Sekhar Ganthimathy
Published: December 2021

Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS) has emerged as one of the major causes of significant morbidity in otorhinolaryngology, as it is often noted to be refractory to medical management and has a tendency to recur post-surgery. Limited research has shown that peripheral eosinophilia is related to the presence of nasal polyps, the extent of the mucosal disease, the severity of tissue eosinophilia, and the risk of recurrence.

Aim: This study aimed to establish the significance of peripheral blood eosinophilia, both differential (EC) and absolute eosinophil counts (AEC) - in adult CRS, to correlate the tissue eosinophilia and peripheral blood eosinophilia, and compare the observations in the two types of CRS with nasal polyp and without nasal polyp.

Material and Methods: A total of 50 adult patients with CRS who underwent FESS were included in the study and were divided based on the presence (Group 1) or absence (Group 2) of peripheral blood eosinophilia.

Results: There were equal number of cases of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp (CRSwNP) and without polyp (CRSsNP); 25 each.  With regard to clinical features, Group 1 had a higher number of cases with nasal obstruction (p-value = 0.023), post-nasal drip (p-value = 0.035), and hyposmia (p-value = 0.021) when compared to Group 2. On histopathology, Group 1 had more areas of edema (p-value = 0.027), and mucous gland hyperplasia (p-value = 0.013) while Group 2 had prominent lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates (p-value = 0.035), neutrophilia (p-value = 0.047), and tissue infiltration of macrophages (p-value = 0.027).  Tissue eosinophilia was present in 32 out of the total cases; 20 (71.43%) in Group 1 and 12 (53.33%) in Group 2. The group with tissue eosinophilia had significantly higher eosinophil count (9.24 ± 4.26% vs 5.32 ± 2.9%; p-value < 0.01) as well as AEC (823.335 ± 434.357/µl vs 485.128 ± 285/µl. 907; p-value < 0.01).

Conclusion: The study demonstrated that CRS cases with tissue eosinophilia exhibit an elevated peripheral eosinophil count when compared to non-eosinophilic CRS.
Progressive Supranuclear Palsy-a Mirror Image of Parkinson’s Disease, A Literature Review of Rehabilitation Strategies
Authors: Shetty Arpita , Krishnaprasad K. M.
Published: December 2021

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is a rare neurodegenerative disease which mimic similar to Parkinsonism. PSP advances much quicker than in PD yet no effective medication or therapy to manage PSP available. This literature review aimed to discover the recent advances in the physical therapy treatment options for PSP. Databases such as PubMed, Elsevier and SAGE journal searched for both published and unpublished studies. Last 10-year studies were included in this review. Limited clinical trial conducted in this population due to which a structured protocol or rehabilitation strategies is missing for this condition. Balance exercise and gait training showed potential benefit and music-cued walking demonstrated participant’s satisfaction.
Self-Monitoring Blood Glucose Method and Outcome: A Review
Authors: Albalawi Mohammed Saleh D. , Alamer Zainab Ali H. , Alkhars Fatimah Sameer H. , Alshuhayb Bayan Salman A. , Alqasim Alzahraa Jawad A. , Alomar Norah Omar S. , Alessa Jumana Abdulrahman S. , Alhamad Fatima Abdulaziz S. , Aljohani Lina Mohammed R. , Alotaibi Mohammed Abdulhafith R.
Published: December 2021

Self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) is a valuable technique for diabetes mellitus treatment. Patients with diabetes frequently monitor their blood glucose levels in order to identify hypoglycemia and modify their insulin dosage as necessary. In many large-scale outcome studies, self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) in the management of diabetes plays a vital role, contributing significantly to the outcomes. It is recommended that the patient keep track of their SMBG readings in a log book. For interpreting the SMBG findings, information regarding food intake, medication, and activity may be useful. An explanation of the practical components of the process is required to assess a patient's grasp of SMBG knowledge. For SMBG lancing treatments to be effective, the patient must have a thorough understanding of the stages involved. With many studies suggesting the benefits of SMBG other studies say that SMBG has little clinical effectiveness in improving glycemic control in patients with T2DM who are taking oral medications or eating a low-carbohydrate diet alone, and is thus unlikely to be cost-effective. However, if patients have the ability to modify their treatment dosage then it can be much more effective. In this review we will be looking at the SMBG techniques, outcomes and the relationship with glucose management.
Impact of Online Classes on the Mental Health of School Students during COVID-19 in Chennai
Authors: Bharadwaz Snigdha , S. Preetha , Sridevi G. , Prathap Lavanya
Published: December 2021

Background: The pandemic Covid-19 has affected the whole world drastically. Social distancing measures were implemented by all the countries. In order to practice social distancing, most governments had temporarily closed all the educational institutions. Traditional face to face learning was switched to online learning not to compromise on a student’s academic progress. The aim of this study is to observe the impact of online classes on the mental health of school students during covid-19 in Chennai.

Materials and Methods: A survey was conducted which was cross sectional. A self administered questionnaire was distributed among school students using an online platform google forms and 120 students participated in the survey. Data was collected and analysed by using SPSS software. Pearson Chi square was done to correlate the gender and mental illness of the participants.

Results: 43.33% felt that online classes were stressful. 54.17% of the participants were satisfied with this mode of learning. Female students were more stressed than male students which were not significant. Nearly 45% of female students were not satisfied with this mode of learning which was not significant. It was found that female students were more depressed than male students. However, statistically it is not significant (p = 0.06).

Conclusion: Based on this study, about 49.16% of the participants were impacted mentally and are stressed because of online learning and it has also affected their academic performance during this pandemic situation. This study may help them to know stress levels and be aware to take steps to overcome the stress and increase their academic performance.
A Review on the Histological Types of Hemangioma
Authors: Nagameenalochini M.
Published: December 2021

Even after the approved classification of congenital vascular tumours/malformations which was first published by Mulliken and Glowacki, in the year 1982, there is still a significant amount of confusion to categorize hemangiomas and vascular malformations. Hemangiomas are considered to be true, benign neoplasms arising from endothelial cells and must be clearly differentiated from localized defects of vascular morphogenesis, i.e., vascular malformations.
Assessment of Knowledge and Attitude towards Radiation Hazards among Nursing Students
Authors: Watmode Ankita , Yenkar Pratiksha , Zade Pornima , Bhalerao Pratiksha , Lokhande Shalini
Published: December 2021

Background: Radiation is the transmission of energy in the form of light or tiny particles that are too small to see. The impact of ionising radiation on nursing students is increasing as a result of diverse professionals' lack of awareness and attitude. Regardless, little study has been completed on the awareness and attitudes of nursing students toward radiation safety and practise. Despite their lack of education and understanding radiation and its effects impacts, nursing students are observed to have an optimistic mind set toward ionising radiation.

Objectives of the Study: 1) to assess the knowledge of nursing students towards radiation hazards. 2) To assess the attitude of nursing students towards radiation hazards. 3) Correlate the knowledge and attitude of nursing students towards radiation hazards. 4) Associate the knowledge of nursing students towards radiation hazards with their demographic variables.5) Associate the attitude of nursing students towards radiation hazards with their demographic variables.

Materials and Methods: The purpose of this descriptive the goal of the research was to find out how much nursing students' knowledge and attitudes about radiation hazards. Based on inclusion criteria and purposive sample approaches, 180 students were chosen. The information was gathered in an organized way.

Results: Finding of according to the research, Mean knowledge score was 9.47±2.81and mean percentage of knowledge score was 47.38±14.07 and Mean attitude score was 42.62±10.55 and mean percentage of attitude score was 71.04±17.58 which shows positive attitude.

Conclusion: The study show that there is a good knowledge of nursing students towards radiation hazards and the level of attitude is positive as per the analysis. The researchers did a descriptive survey investigation on the topic as part of their undergraduate curriculum to examine nursing students' knowledge and attitudes concerning radiation threats.
Color Changes of Ceramic Materials Used for Inlay and Veneers Restorations after Staining with Different Time Intervals
Authors: Moaleem Mohammed M. Al , Alamoudi Mohammed Saleh M. , Aldhahri Ghith Fayez , Alzaylaei Ahmad Ramzi , Daoud Ola Ziad M. , Hummadi Abdulkreem M. , Hakami Hanan Ibrahim , Marran Khalil Mohammed , Omair Huda Ali , Hakami Areej Meshari
Published: December 2021

Background: Stain color of CAD/CAM prosthetic materials is important for the long-term of these materials without affecting daily beverage consumption habits.

Aims: To assess the influence of aging with Coca-Cola drinks on the color of the CAD/CAM materials used for inlay and veneer restoration over different time intervals.

Methods: 48 specimens were fabricated from Vitablocs Mark II and zirconia CAD/CAM ceramic materials. Each group comprised 24 specimens with eight samples for every background (white [W], black [B], and gray). Baseline readings were taken by a spectrophotometer before staining (Baseline T0). After Coca-Cola staining and aging, the color measurement was repeated after 15 and 30 days (T1 and T2), while T3 was the difference between T2-T0. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc tests.

Results: The ΔE00 color parameters of Mark II and zirconia materials were higher against the W background than other backgrounds. However, the zirconia materials recorded higher values than Mark II for the same parameters (L, a, and b) against the gray background during 15 and 30 days of immersion in Coca-Cola. Translucency parameters (TP) exhibited significant differences between ceramic types and immersion periods, with the TP values of zirconia being slightly higher than those of Mark II. The ΔE00 values for the three-time intervals were within clinically acceptable ranges. The ΔE00 values of both ceramic types at T3 were within 1.38–1.53 and 3.11–3.62 and lacked significant differences.

Conclusions: Coca-Cola staining was obvious after 15 and 30 days of immersion and had a marked effect on the TP and ΔE00 of the tested CAD/CAM materials. Increasing the staining time resulted in a reduction in TP values at all time intervals. Zirconia samples had higher ΔE00 values than Mark II materials at different time periods. All of the colors of the tested materials had changed from B1 to different light colors in accordance with the Vita classical shade guide.