bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Advanced Detection Techniques to neutralize Supply Chain Cyber-attacks on small and medium businesses in the United States: The Machine Learning and AI Approach.
Authors: John Oluwafemi Ogun  , Segun Philip Olupinla
Published: October 2024

Cyber-attacks targeting supply chains represent a significant and increasing risk for small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) in the United States. This paper examines the role of machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in detecting and mitigating these cybersecurity threats. Key challenges faced by SMBs include high implementation costs, a shortage of skilled personnel, inadequate data quality, and the complexity of integrating advanced technologies into existing systems. Despite these hurdles, the paper identifies strategic approaches that can empower SMBs to effectively leverage ML and AI, including affordable solutions, targeted training, and improved data management practices. It emphasizes the importance of addressing privacy and usability concerns to facilitate successful technology adoption. Recommendations include pursuing cost-effective, subscription-based AI and ML models, utilizing government incentives, and enhancing workforce skills through training and partnerships. Additionally, collaboration with larger organizations can improve data management and system efficacy. By implementing robust protective measures and increasing awareness through educational initiatives, SMBs can strengthen their cybersecurity posture and better navigate the evolving landscape of cyber threats.
Enhancing software engineering practices with generative AI: A framework for automated code synthesis and refactoring
Authors: Kodamasimham Krishna  , Dheerender Thakur  , Harika Sree Meka
Published: October 2024

This paper is based on how software development has been revolutionized using AI in automation, mainly dealing with code synthesis and rewrite frameworks. While there is no focused definition for software development with AI technologies, their application in development processes is unlikely to remain marginal as they mature and provide higher productivity, improved code quality, and enhanced ability for automating repetitive tasks in development. Automating coding means that predefined tools can bring code suggestions, show and apply refactoring features, and enforce coding standards so developers can devote their efforts to other aspects of software development. The following paper describes the practical systems that should be adopted before AI can be incorporated into software development. It also covers essential factors such as ethical, security, and quality aspects regarding the proper use of artificial intelligence. Lastly, the paper focuses on the direction and innovations in the future, including domain-specific AI models, better explainability of the AI solutions, and collaborative tools that can work according to improved and modified development practices. The framework is intended to balance machine learning with human experience to help developers utilize the benefits that an AI-Based Software Development Framework can render.
Exploring the synergy between generative AI and software engineering: Automating code optimization and bug fixing
Authors: Kodamasimham Krishna  , Pranav Murthy  , Saumya Sarangi
Published: October 2024

As applied to software engineering, generative AI is quickly transitioning from a zero-sum industry game changer into the primary automation tool for code optimization, bug identification, and problem-solving. This technology takes advantage of artificial intelligence algorithms within machine learning models to analyze and write code, resulting in improved quality and speed of an application development process. The generative AI replenishes productivity in development work and enhances centralization between development work teams through code handling and intelligent suggestions for essential codes. However, the integration of AI in software engineering poses the following problems and ethical questions: the question of accuracy, bias, and data. This paper will review the existing knowledge on generative AI in software engineering regarding its current use, future evolutions and advancements, issues and limitations, and ethical factors in using this technology. This paper considers these aspects to give a global outlook on how generative AI will transform software development in the future and how responsible AI should be employed.
Climate change and epidemiological trends of malaria and Lassa fever transmission in Nigeria (2015-2022): A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Moses ONAZI  , Aisha Ejura DAHUNSI  , Bolanle Rafiat IBRAHIM  , Ayodeji Adams DAHUNSI
Published: October 2024

Background: Climate change exacerbates infectious disease transmission in Nigeria, a country with a high burden of infectious diseases. Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis examining the relationship between climate variability and infectious disease transmission in Nigeria. Methods: We systematically searched major databases, identifying 25 studies, with 11 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis using R version 4.4.1. Results: The meta-analysis revealed significant associations between temperature increases and malaria (pooled effect estimate = 1.034, 95% CI: 1.016-1.052) and Lassa fever (pooled effect estimate = 1.029, 95% CI: 1.015-1.043) transmission. Egger's funnel plot showed no significant publication bias, and sensitivity analysis confirmed the robustness of the findings. Conclusion: This study provides evidence for the association between climate variability and infectious disease transmission in Nigeria. This underscores the urgent need for targeted interventions to protect vulnerable populations, including children under 5, pregnant women, the elderly, people with comorbidity, and low-income communities.
Mini-invasive Vs Open posterior Osteosynthesis for posttraumatic thoracolumbar fracture: Retrospective (comparative study)
Authors: YAHYA Farah  , Almaghribi ISRAE  , Alngar DJIMRABEYEI  , Mustapha HEMAMA  , Nizare EL FATEMI  , Moulay Rachid EL MAAQILI
Published: October 2024

Introduction :- Patients had mini invasive posterior osteosynthesis at thoracolumbar fracture posttraumatic, have more quick psychological good outcome and also pain score , comparing the patients had traditional open posterior osteosynthesis up to first 3 days post op , most of patient done both the Mini invasive posterior osteosynthesis(MIPOS) and traditional open posterior osteosynthesis (TOPOS) had good outcome but the time frame and pain duration more immediate recovery for MIPOS patients . Methods: - Our study was retrospectively comparative study. Reviews the medical records of the 22 patient was operated in CHU ibn sina university hospital at Rabat, from time frame 2020 – up to 2024 , for 4 years ,files those was admitted at department for clinical and radiological diagnosed ,and operated for short segment posterior osteosynthesis. Results: - the mean age of the 22 patients in our study of MIPOS vs. TOPOS is 38 years, at range of the age (17-63), The female gander was 10 out of 22 patient 45 %, and 12 of them was male 55%, patient had co-morbid was 8/22 =36.36% at different types of co-morbid, Psychiatric 3 patient, Asthmatic, Tuberculosis, Smoker, Hypertension, obstetric , 14 cases had lumbalgia , 5 dorsalgia , and 3 paraplegic , it postop the main result was the MIPOS patient had less hospital stay and pain relived quick compering the TOPOS which its little longer duration of hospital and pain relief take time longer. Conclusion:-the surgical outcome of the patient had mini invasive posterior osteosynthesis posttraumatic thoracolumbar, its quick and fast respond for VAS, reducing Hospital duration, instead of the open procedure little longer, and VAS its delay resolve post op.
Primary angiitis central nervous system for young adult with retinitis: Case Report
Authors: Yahya Farah  , Almaghribi ISRAE  , Mustapha HEMAMA  , Nizare EL FATEMI  , Moulay Rachid EL MAAQILI
Published: October 2024

Primary angiitis central nervous system with multiple cerebral cortex and retinal involvement, it is very rare cases, in the literature, PACNS associated with retinal involvement, In our case is the case report for difficult diagnostic dilemma, with multiple clinical medical trail, also highlighted the accurate diagnostic of PACNS by STB (stereotaxic Biopsy) histopathological and management.
Herbal tooth gel formulations: A comprehensive review and comparative analysis for contemporary oral health practices
Authors: Swati Kumari  , Satish Kumar Sarankar
Published: October 2024

The shift towards natural healthcare has sparked renewed interest in herbal tooth gel formulations as alternatives to conventional oral care products. This comprehensive review explores the historical evolution, therapeutic properties, and contemporary significance of herbal tooth gels in oral health practices. Emphasizing the global trend towards natural remedies, the review delves into the efficacy of diverse herbal ingredients such as turmeric, camphor, and clove in managing oral health concerns, particularly periodontal diseases like gingivitis. Drawing from traditional practices and modern scientific research, the review highlights the advantages of herbal toothpaste formulations, including their gentle impact on teeth, absence of harmful chemicals, and diverse therapeutic properties. Moreover, the review discusses the sensory, physical, and antimicrobial properties of herbal tooth gels, examining their potential in plaque control and gingival health. By conducting a comparative analysis and evaluation of herbal elements such as neem, aloe vera, and triphala, the review highlights the increasing popularity and therapeutic possibilities of herbal toothpaste formulations in enhancing overall oral health. Amidst the prevalence of fast-paced lifestyles and common oral health issues, it's imperative to explore the extensive benefits provided by herbal tooth gels in contemporary oral healthcare. This becomes especially crucial given the rising global fascination with herbal remedies. Delving into the potential of herbal ingredients such as neem, aloe vera, triphala, guvava etc is particularly vital for addressing the challenges posed by poor oral health. Such exploration could hold promising solutions for enhancing overall oral hygiene and tackling oral health issues effectively.
Evaluation of wound healing activities of Vitex doniana (Black Plum) ethanol fruit extract
Authors: Victoria Nonyelum Olli  , Ernest Chima Orji  , Jude Nnaemeka Okoyeh
Published: October 2024

In this study, the folkloric use of Vitex doniana fruit extract for the treatment of wounds was evaluated. The mesocarps of the fresh fruits were removed, oven-dried at 40°C and pulverized. The powdered material (800 g), was exhaustively macerated in 80 % ethanol, filtered and dried in a water bath at 40°C. Phytochemical screening and acute dermal toxicity of the extract were investigated. Herbal ointments (10 and 50 %w/w) were formulated using soft paraffin base. The wound-healing effect of the extract was carried out using twenty albino rats divided into four groups (n=5). Groups I (soft paraffin) and II (10 %w/w Povidone-iodine) served as negative and positive controls, respectively. Groups III and IV were topically treated with 10 %w/w and 50 %w/w of the herbal ointment respectively. Treatments and wound grading were assessed once daily and every 4 days, respectively, as well as the timeframe for percentage wound contraction and epithelialization Both the 10 %w/w and 50 %w/w herbal ointments exhibited a concentration-related significant (P<0.05) wound contraction when compared to the control. Epithelialization period of 50 %w/w extract was less than that of the standard drug. The wound closure area of 50 %w/w extract was >positive control >10 %w/w extract > negative control. Histological study of the wounds on the 16th day indicated no sign of dermal toxicity. Some secondary metabolites such as alkaloids and tannins were present. In conclusion, the folkloric use of the fruit extract of V. doniana for the treatment of wounds may therefore be justified
A review on: Insects as bioindicators for an ecosystem and key species in trophic level
Authors: Priya Jaiswal  , Ritesh Bhandekar  , Majid Ali  , Sanjay Thiske
Published: October 2024

Freshwater Rivers are essential to the urban environment and help people in many ways, both directly and indirectly. Insects are a common and very diverse group in aquatic systems. They serve as model organisms to analyze the structure and dynamics of freshwater ecosystems and as a source of food for vertebrates and invertebrates of much aquatic systems.The presence of insects in aquatic environments can reveal various environmental variables within the water. An interesting class of creatures, insects are involved in decomposition, energy transfer, cycling of nutrition and interaction of prey-predator. Insects are important because of their diversity, ecological importance, and impact on agriculture, human health, and natural resources. These contain about 58% of the world's known biodiversity. They are essential for the stability and functioning of both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Insects play an important role in our daily lives and have a variety of impacts on human well-being. Along with this, many unknown species are also disappearing from their original habitats across the world as a result of human interference. Aquatic insect reproduction is greatly affected by heavy metals, which reduce biodiversity and reproductive success. According to research, exposure to metals like cadmium, copper and zinc can disrupt the reproductive process of many aquatic species. Despite the fact that heavy metals pose a major threat to the reproduction of aquatic insects, some research suggest that certain species may be resilient, pointing to there is a need for further exploration into adaption processes.
Various drugs used in oral disintegration tablet formulation
Authors: Kiran Mahadeo Salunke  , Sujata Umakant Veer  , Yogesh Ankush Narute  , Pratiksha Babusha Pawar  , Amol Navnath Khedkar
Published: October 2024

Oral drug administration is more widely accepted because it is used to provide between 50 and 60 percent of medications. The solid dosage forms are commonly utilized since they are simple to administer, precise in their dosage forms, beneficial for self-medication, and preventive of discomfort, and last but not least, the excellent level of patient adherence. The capsules and tablets are the most widely used solid dose form administered orally. Aside from ingesting it does not possess any noteworthy drawbacks. Water plays a crucial function in this swallowing process. Even following this, some people had difficulty swallowing. In order to prevent these issues, mouth dissolving tablets were developed. They have the benefit of not requiring water and don't require swallowing because they dissolve or disintegrate in saliva. In light of the design it began to behave in two ways: first, some tablets disintegrated quickly, taking just a few moments in saliva. Another kind of tablet is known as a "first disintegration tablet" since it contains some substances that slowed down the tablet's rate of breakdown. Review attention was drawn to the concise talk about mouth dissolving tablets and the most recent versions available.
Artificial Intelligence in Climate Change Mitigation: A Review of Predictive Modeling and Data-Driven Solutions for Reducing Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Authors: Adedolapo Olujuwon Adegbite  , Ibrahim Barrie  , Saheed Femi Osholake  , Tunde Alesinloye  , Anuoluwapo Blessing Bello
Published: October 2024

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is increasingly recognized as a powerful tool for addressing the challenges of climate change. Its ability to process vast amounts of data and generate advanced predictive models positions AI as a key player in efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and develop sustainable solutions. This review delves into the multifaceted role of AI in climate change mitigation, highlighting its potential in several critical areas. Firstly, AI is revolutionizing predictive climate modeling by providing more accurate forecasts and simulations, enabling better-informed policy and decision-making. Secondly, it is optimizing energy systems through smart grid management, demand forecasting, and the integration of renewable energy sources, thereby enhancing energy efficiency and reducing reliance on fossil fuels. Furthermore, AI is advancing carbon capture and storage technologies by improving the identification of optimal sites and enhancing process efficiency. In environmental monitoring, AI-driven solutions are enabling real-time detection and analysis of environmental data, contributing to more effective conservation efforts. This review also presents case studies and data that demonstrate the tangible impact of AI applications in driving progress towards global emission reduction targets. However, the adoption of AI in this domain is not without challenges. Issues such as data privacy, algorithmic transparency, and the ethical implications of AI deployment need to be carefully addressed. The paper concludes by outlining future research directions and emphasizing the need for interdisciplinary collaboration to fully harness the potential of AI in combating climate change.
Cost minimization analysis of chronic kidney disease management: Evaluating economic strategies for early intervention and treatment optimization
Authors: GREESHMA GIREESH  , MANJU CS
Published: October 2024

Chronic kidney disease is a common global health condition characterized by progressive loss of kidney function and significant cost burden on the healthcare system worldwide. The disease often coexists with conditions such as diabetes and hypertension, further complicates its management and increasing associated costs. Effective economic management, particularly in the early stages of CKD, is crucial for reducing long-term healthcare expenses and improving patient outcomes. This review examines the utility of cost minimization analysis (CMA) as a strategic tool for evaluating economic options in CKD management. CMA is an economic evaluation method that compares the costs of different therapeutic interventions that have demonstrated equivalent clinical effectiveness, thereby aiding healthcare providers and policymakers in identifying the most cost-efficient options to optimize resource utilization. This review highlights the economic impact of CKD, focusing on the increasing costs linked to advanced disease management and the essential role of early diagnosis and intervention in reducing these costs and explores various cost-effective strategies for CKD management, including pharmacological treatments, lifestyle modifications, and patient education, to identify approaches that are both clinically and economically advantageous. Additionally, the broader implications of cost minimization for healthcare policy, clinical decision-making, and resource allocation are discussed for their significance in a resource-limited healthcare setting. Evidence indicates that prioritizing cost-effective CKD management through early intervention and preventive care can significantly lower healthcare expenditures, slow the disease progression, and enhance patient’s quality of life. By adopting such strategies, healthcare systems can achieve better clinical outcomes and ensure financial sustainability.
Determinants and patterns of self-medication: A comprehensive literature review
Authors: Bindu. S. Pillai  , Suganthi Sivaperumal
Published: October 2024

Background- Self-medication is a major public health concern practiced worldwide. Research indicates that improper self-medication leads to adverse drug reactions, masks underlying diseases, results in incorrect diagnoses, escalates morbidity, contributes to drug interactions, fosters antibiotic resistance, and strains resources within the healthcare system. Many studies on self-treatment have been published for certain countries or diseases, in addition to specific demographics, including teenagers, senior citizens, and medical pupils. The issue of self-treatment and related antibiotic resistance poses a serious threat to global public health, as there has been a reported rise in self-medication practices over the past ten years. To obtain a thorough yet equivalent awareness of related issues and to make more definitive and practical conclusions for future action planning than those derived from reviews on the topic, it may be beneficial to integrate the current global self-medication data. Therefore, we set out to undertake a study to fully understand the prevalence, sample demographics, medications consumed, target ailment, and reasons for self-medication. Methods-Using the terms "self-medication, “Factors associated with it," and "non-prescription," a systematic review of the literature on self-medication practices was conducted using the databases PubMed, Medline, and Web of Science. The search was limited to cross-sectional study articles published between 2018 and 2022. Results- This analysis comprised 23 studies comprising 8,445 individuals in total. Headache, pain, and fever were shown to be among the most prevalent indications for self-treatment, followed by cold and cough. A summary of 20 studies inferred that Analgesics, antipyretics, and NSAIDs were the most self-practiced medications. Conclusion- Self-medication is widely practiced worldwide. It is critical to control and oversee appropriate self-medication practices through the enactment of strict laws and the involvement of legislators and medical experts. Large-scale public health awareness efforts on a variety of platforms, efficient medication distribution regulation, and legal proceedings against medical malpractice should all receive a great deal of attention. More cross-sectional studies employing a standard methodological framework are needed to have a deeper understanding of the incidence and practices of self-medication worldwide.
ALIGNMENT DAN ANALISIS KEKERABATAN RAYAP COPTOTERMES FORMOSANUS (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) PADA HABITAT YANG BERBEDA DENGAN SOFTWARE BIOEDIT DAN MEGA 6 (STUDI PUSTAKA DNA SEKUENSING DARI NCBI)
Authors: Leiwakabessy Fredy , Awan Ali , Kubangun Muhammad Tarmizi , Pattiasina Eifan Boyke
Published: October 2024

Background: Bioinformatics is a science that can relate information which includes molecular biology, biochemical structure, enzymatic, cell biology, physiology and pathology by using a computerized system based on data that has been collected.
Methods: sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree construction of DNA sequences registered at NCBI in the subterranean termite Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki that lives in different habitats, namely in Mississippi, Southeast Asia, and China using Bioedit and MEGA software.
Results: Sequence alignment showed that termite C. formosanus isolated from MS12 gene COII (FJ870577.1) in the Mississippi area had a base pair of 790 bp, termite C. formosanus isolated from Dinghu Mountain gene COII (KU257993.1) in China has a base pair of 779 bp, and the termite C. formosanus isolated from CF003JP gene COII (EF379943.1) in Southeast Asia has a base pair of 676 bp. The construction of the phylogenetic tree shows that the termite C. formosanus isolated from Dinghu Mountain gene COII (KU257993.1) in the China region has a close kinship with the termite C. formosanus isolated from CF003JP gene COII (EF379943.1) in the Southeast Asia region, while The termite C. formosanus isolated from MS12 gene COII (FJ870577.1) in the Mississippi area is distantly related to C. formosanus (KU257993.1) from China and C. formosanus (EF379943.1) from Southeast Asia.
Conclusion: Mississippi has a base pair of 790 bp, termite C. formosanus isolated from Dinghu Mountain gene COII (KU257993.1), China has a base pair of 779 bp, and termite C. formosanus isolated from CF003JP gene COII (EF379943.1), Southeast Asia has a base pair of 676 bp. China is closely related to the termite C. formosanus isolated from COII gene CF003JP (EF379943.1), Southeast Asia, while the termite C. formosanus isolated from MS12 gene COII (FJ870577.1), Mississippi is distantly related to C. formosanus (KU257993.1) from China and C. formosanus (EF379943.1) from Southeast Asia.
PENGARUH LAMA FERMENTASI DAN JENIS GULA TERHADAP KADAR ALKOHOL MINUMAN BERBAHAN DASAR GANDARIA (Bouea macrophylla Griff)
Authors: Tuapattinaya Prelly , Papilaya Pamela Mercy , Tibalilatu Anthonia R.O
Published: October 2024

Background: Alcoholic beverages can be derived from palm sap or fruit juice. The fruit most widely used as a base for alcoholic beverages by the fermentation is generally grapes.  The Gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff) can be used as raw material for substitute grapes for the process of making alcoholic beverages. Sugar is one of the important factors, because sugar is fermented by yeast into ethanol and CO2. The purpose of this research was to know the effect of fermentation time and types of sugar on alcohol content in gandaria(Bouea macrophylla Griff)-based drinks  and organoleptic tests as a support for practicum in Ethnobotany courses.                                                     
Methods: The research was conducted on 13 February-06 March 2023 at the Basic Chemistry Laboratory FMIPA and used destilation method.                                                          
Results: The results showed that the combination of fermentation time and sugar type gave a very significantly different effect on each treatment. This can be seen from the results of the Least Significant Difference test where every week there is an increase in alcohol content. While, the organoleptic test showed the level of liking of the colour with the highest score of 2.9 in treatment f3g1, for the odor with the highest score of 2.9 in treatment f3g2 and for the taste with the highest score of 3.6 in treatment f2g1.                                                Conclusion: Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the time of fermentation and the type of sugar influenced the alcohol content of gandaria (Bouea macrophylla Griff). -based drinks
DAYA DUKUNG DAN INDEKS DAYA DUKUNG HIJAUAN ALAMI DI AREAL PERKEBUNAN KELAPA DALAM SEBAGAI PAKAN TERNAK RUMINANSIA DI KECAMATAN TANIWEL KABUPATEN SERAM BAGIAN BARAT
Authors: Wenno Adriani , Patty C H. W , Eoh Marna
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine carrying capacity and carrying capacity index of natural forage as ruminant feed, and to determine botanical compositions and forage production in the coconut plantation area, District of Taniwel, Western Seram Regency. Primary and secondary data were collected, and data collection was conducted by using purposive sampling method. Variables measured included botanical composition, forage production, forage carrying capacity, and carrying capacity index of natural forage. The results showed that 64,81% of forage botanical composition was grass, 26,47% was weeds, and 10,52% was legumes. The carrying capacity of native forage in the coconut plantation area was 1.515 ruminants for fresh forage and 1.177 for forage dry matter, while carrying capacity index of native forage was 2 indicating unsafety level of forage available for ruminant feeding.
ANALISIS PROKSIMAT KEPITING PASIR (Ocypode Cursor) SEBAGAI SUMBER MAKANAN BERGIZI BAGI MASYARAKAT PESISIR DI KECAMATAN SALAHUTU PULAU AMBON
Authors: Tuaputty Hasan , Leiwakabessy Fredy , Arini Ine , Kubangun Muhammad Tarmizi , Latupeirissa Louvenska
Published: October 2024

Background: The use of the Ocypode Cursor sand crab as a source of nutritious food for coastal communities in the Salahutu District area is because this marine animal is found living in sandy substrates along the coast and can be used as a source of nutritious food for coastal communities.
Methods: Water content measurement was carried out using the oven method. Determination of ash content is carried out using the dry ashing method. Determination of fat content was carried out using the Soxhlet method. Analysis of protein levels using the Kjeldahl micro method.
Results: The results of proximate analysis of sand crab for 100 grams of meat showed a water content of 79.72%, ash content of 6.82%, fat content of 7.5%, protein content of 15.7%.
Conclusion: The results of the analysis show that there is a significant regression according to the regression provisions y = a + bx= 3,266 + 0.016, and the value of R2 = 0.802, even the analysis also shows that there is a significant influence according to the value of df = 24-22 = 2 with the value of F = 44,588 with a significance level of 000, < p 0.05, this means that there is a significant influence between the availability of the Ocypode cursor sand crab population in its habitat and Ocypode cursor as a source of nutritious food for the community (OcMGz).
PEMBERIAN DUA JENIS PUPUK KANDANG TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN AWAL RUMPUT RAJA (Penisetum Purpuphoides)
Authors: Kolway Yoap , Joris Lily , Eoh Marna
Published: October 2024

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of two types of manure on the early growth of king grass (pennisetum putpuphoides). The tools used in this study were scales, tape measure, stationery, writing tools, polybags, machetes, hoe, scope and raffia rope. The materials used in the research were king grass seeds in the form of cuttings of two segments and three nodes, manure of cow manure and manure of goat manure. The method used in this research is the experimental method. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three (3) treatments, namely: PO (without the use of manure). P1 (cow manure) and P2 (goat manure). Each treatment was repeated four (4) times. Variables observed in this study include: number of shoots, leaf length, leaf width, plant height. The results showed that the number of shoots in the initial growth of king grass in weeks 1-3 was the same, but in week 4 the number of shoots in P1 and P2 was different from P0. Leaf length for each treatment was different from week 1 where treatments P1 and P2 showed differences from P0. Leaf widths differed between treatments from week 1 – 4 where treatments P1 and P2 differed from P0. Plant height at weeks 1 and 2 showed that the P1 and P2 treatments were different from P0, but at weeks 3 and 4 the P2 treatments were different from the P1 and P0 treatments.
PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN TPACK YANG DIINTEGRASIKAN DENGAN MODEL PROJECT BASED LEARNING (PjBL) UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KRITIS DAN KREATIF MAHASISWA PADA MATA KULIAH PENGEMBANGAN PROFESI GURU
Authors: Muskitta Marike , Tuaputty Hasan , Latupeirissa Louvenska
Published: October 2024

Background: This research aims to improve critical and creative thinking skills in teacher professional development courses through the application of the TPACK approach which is integrated with the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model.
Method: This research uses an exploratory research model. Qualitative data was obtained after the pretest, during learning, after the posttest through interviews and questionnaires. Quantitative data was obtained through pretest and posttest data. The research subjects were Biology students at FKIP Pattimura University who offered teacher professional development courses. The research instrument used was a test. Quantitative data analysis uses descriptive statistics and test scores, while qualitative data analysis uses data collection procedures, data reduction, data presentation, and building a conclusion.
Results: The results of calculating the implementation of the TPACK approach integrated with the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model to improve students' critical and creative thinking skills in teacher professional development courses show an average value of 89.90 with a significant value of 0.000, which is smaller than 0. 05 (0.000<0.05) so the hypothesis can be accepted.
Conclusion: The application of the TPACK approach integrated with the Project Based Learning (PjBL) model is very effective in improving the critical and creative thinking skills of prospective biology teacher students.
Keywords: TPACK, PjBL, critical thinking, creative thinking. teacher professional development.
PROFIL STRUKTUR KOMUNITAS LAMUN DI PERAIRAN PANTAI KELAPA INDAH DESA MAHU KECAMATAN SAPARUA TIMUR SEBAGAI SUMBER PEMBELAJARAN BIOLOGI
Authors: Tuapattinaya Prelly , Pattiasina Eifan Boyke , Pattipeilohy Johana , Sahetapy Marcelino , Wattimena Chilf
Published: October 2024

Background: Seagrass is a higher plant (Anthophyta) that lives and grows immersed in the marine environment; have vessels, have rhizomes, have roots, and reproduce generatively (seeds) and vegetatively. Seagrass is one of the natural resource ecosystem plants that lives in shallow waters and has many benefits for biota associated with the surrounding environment. Several studies related to seagrass ecosystems have been carried out in Maluku waters, but there are no records regarding the structural profile of seagrass communities on Saparua Island.
Methods: This research is descriptive research. Descriptive research is used to reveal information about
hydrological conditions, species composition, species diversity. This research was conducted in the waters of Kelapa Indah Beach, Mahu Village, Saparua District
Results: The conditions of environmental physical and chemical factors with a temperature of 280C, salinity 31 ‰, pH 7.3, and Dissolved Oxygen 6 mg/L in the waters of Mahu village are sufficient to support the growth and spread of seagrass. Composition of the types of seagrass found in the coastal waters of Mahu village are 5 types and
Conclusion: The level of seagrass diversity in Mahu village waters is classified as moderate.
IDENTIFICATION OF MEDICINAL PLANTS AND BENEFITS IN THE VILLAGE OF NEGERI LIMA, MALUKU DISTRICT
Authors: Nusaly Windy Natalia , Watuguly Theopilus Wilhelmus , Pattiasina Eifan Boyke , Wael Syahran
Published: October 2024

Backgraound: Medicinal plants are the biodiversity that exists around us, both those that grow wild and those that are deliberately cultivated. For generations, plants have been used as medicinal plants. The largest part of medicinal raw materials derived from plants is still not cultivated, while opportunities for agribusiness have the potential to increase the opportunities and possibilities open for medicinal products.
Methods: The aim of the research is to find out the types of medicinal plants and find out how the community perceives the benefits of medicinal plants in the village of Negeri Lima. Maluku. The material used in this research is a questionnaire or questionnaire. The research uses the Guttman scale by distributing questionnaires to respondents which are used to find scores, percent scores, total scores, and percent ideal scores, the results of which are converted into score interpretation criteria.
Results: The research results showed that the criteria distributed to respondents were very good with the highest total score being 90% and the lowest being 10%.
Conclusion: As a result of the identification carried out, 20 types of medicinal plants were identified which were spread across Negeri Lima Village, Central Maluku. Analysis of questionnaires distributed to the public to measure public perceptions by distributing questionnaires used the Guttman scale from question no. 1 - 5, it is known that the highest percentage is 90% and the lowest percentage is 10%. Meanwhile, the results of the analysis of attitude question items to measure public perception from question no. 6 - 10 has the highest percentage, namely 80% and the lowest percentage, namely 20%.
APPLICATION OF STEM-BASED BLENDED LEARNING TO THE COGNITIVE ABILITIES OF 11 AMBON STATE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS
Authors: Wally Pramita , Kubangun Muhammad Tarmizi
Published: October 2024

Background: Blended learning is a mixed learning model between face-to-face and online learning. The STEM-based blended learning model can guide and train students to think logically, critically, evaluatively, creatively in solving problems and making decisions related to dealing with life's problems by utilizing technology and applying it in real life.
Methods: The type of research used was a pre-experimental design with one group pretest-posttest. The research was located at SMA Negeri 11 Ambon and was carried out on January 2022. The research subjects were 36 students in class XII MIA-4 at SMAN 11 Ambon in the 2021-2022 academic year.
Results: The results of the study show that there is a fairly effective effect in improving cognitive outcomes in class XII students of SMA Negeri 11 Ambon.
Conclusion: There is an influence of the application of blended learning with the STEM approach to increasing scientific literacy and cognitive abilities of class XII students of SMA Negeri 11 Ambon in the new normal period
PEMANFAATAN SEKITAR EKOSISTEM HUTAN MANGROVE OLEH MASYARAKAT KAMPUNG BUKISI DISTRIK YOKARI KABUPATEN JAYAPURA
Authors: Tuhumena Lolita , Wambrauw Daniel , Wanimbo Timiron , Warpur Maklon , Agamawan Lalu , Tomasila Leopold Arthur
Published: October 2024

Backround: The existence of mangrove forests has an important meaning for human life and also the environment around it. One of the villages that has a mangrove ecosystem Bukisi Village Yokari District. The existence of mangrove forests can provide benefits both ecological and economic  so it is interesting to research. The use of mangrove ecosystem areas has not been carried out properly and will experience damage, So that research on the use around mangrove ecosystems needs to be carried out.
Method: This research was carried out for 3 months with primary and secondary data collection on July – September 2022. The data analysis used is quantitative descriptive.
Resultas : Utilization carried out around the mangrove area of Bukisi Village are as a fishing ground, Crabs and shellfish, Where to find sources of construction materials, sources of energy materials, Tourist attractions, and sacred areas.
Conclusion. Then, Efforts to be made in the development of the mangrove area are the development of carbon sequestration, pay attention to socioeconomic issues, p integrated mangrove management and restoration.
Keywords: Utilization of Mangrove Ecosystems, Bukisi Village.
KOMPONEN SENYAWA BIOAKTIF EKSTRAK BINTANG LAUT Protoreaster nodosus Dan Linckia laevigata DENGAN METODE MASERASI
Authors: Mailoa Meigy Nelce , Leiwakabessy Jusuf , Chakti Arini Padma Widya
Published: October 2024

Background : One type of species from the class Asteroidea phylum Echinodermata, namely sea stars. Approximately 6000 species from the Phylum Echinodermata and all live in the sea. The use of starfish by the community is still very limited, where it is only used as a food source, even though starfish can also be used as a source of bioactive compounds that are more economically valuable so that they can be used for development in the food and health sectors. This study aims to determine the content of bioactive compounds from the extracts of sea stars Protoreaster nodosus and Linckia laevigata.
Methods: Samples were obtained from Waisarisa waters on Seram Island, analysis was carried out at the Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Pattimura. The parameters tested in this study were phytochemical tests which included flavanoid tests, saponin tests, steroid tests, tannin tests and phenolic tests. The extraction technique was carried out by maceration with ethanol solvent.
Results: The results of the phytochemical test of the starfish extract Protoreaster nodosus which had positive results in the phytochemical test were tannins, phenolics and saponins. While the test results on the Linckia laevigata starfish extract which had positive results found bioactive flavonoids and saponins.
Conclusion: The results of the phytochemical screening test of Protoreaster nodosus star extract have 3 bioactive components namely flavonoids, tannins, phenolics and saponins.
DAMPAK PENAMBANGAN EMAS ILEGAL DI KABUPATEN BURU TERHADAP KONSENTRASI MERKURI (Hg) PADA KEPITING BAKAU (Scylla serrata) DAN KEONG BAKAU (Telescopium telescopium)
Authors: Irsan Irsan , Koto Saifuddin , Ismail Irwan , Dahlan Rosmida R , Mangesa Rosita
Published: October 2024

Background: Illegal gold mining in Buru Regency uses the heavy metal mercury toprocess gold material, so it can pollute the environment, including aquatic biota such asmangrove crabs (Scylla serrata) and mangrove snails (Telescopium telescopium). The aimof this research is to analyze the amount of mercury concentration and the level of pollutionin mangrove crabs and snails as a result of illegal gold mining in Buru Regency.Methods: Research samples were taken at the Waelata River Estuary and the AnahoniRiver Estuary. For mercury analysis, 8 mangrove crabs and 16 mangrove snails weretaken. Analysis of mercury concentration using the AAS Cold Vapor method.Results: The results showed that the heavy metal mercury was detected in mangrovecrabs and mangrove snails. The concentration of mercury detected is still below the qualitystandard set based on heavy metal contamination (SNI) No. 7387 of 2009, specifically forthe heavy metal Hg in shellfish (bilvalves), mollusks and sea cucumbers, shrimp and othercrustaceans at 1.0 mg/kg (ppm).Conclusion: Illegal gold mining in Buru Regency has an impact on mercury concentrationsin mangrove crabs and mangrove snails, but the value is still below the specified qualitystandards. However, consumption of mangrove crabs and mangrove snails that live aroundgold mining areas in Buru Regency must be limited, considering the nature of mercuryaccumulation.
ANALISIS KUALITAS PERAIRAN BUDIDAYA RUMPUT LAUT DI DUSUN SALIONG DESA BATU BOY SEBAGAI DAMPAK GAGAL PANEN
Authors: Zakariah Muhammad Ikbal , Koto Saifuddin , Irsan Irsan , Fesanrey Wilda
Published: October 2024

Background: The production of seaweed cultivation in Saliong Hamlet, Batu Boy Village, hasdecreased, and there have even been crop failures in the last five years. For this reason, an analysisof the factors suspected of influencing the failure is needed. The purpose of this study was to analyzethe quality of seaweed cultivation waters in Saliong Hamlet, Batu Boy Village by using physicalchemical factors of the waters.Methods: There are three stations used for sampling. The physical and chemical parameters of thewaters measured include temperature, brightness, current speed, water depth, pH, salinity, TDS,DO, BOD, phosphate, heavy metal mercury (Hg) and cyanide. To determine water quality, the resultsof measuring physical-chemical water parameters will be compared with sea water quality standardsfor marine biota and quality standards for seaweed cultivation based on experts in the field.Results: The research results showed that temperature, depth, TDS, phosphate and heavy metalmercury did not meet quality standards. While the parameters of brightness, turbidity, currentvelocity, pH, salinity, DO, BOD and cyanide are still in accordance with the quality standards forseaweed cultivation.Conclusion: The quality of the waters in the seaweed cultivation area in Saliong Hamlet still meetsthe quality standards and some does not comply with the quality standards. The occurrence ofseaweed harvest failure can be caused by the presence of physical-chemical factors in the watersthat are less supportive.
TINJAUAN PUSTAKA SISTEMATIS: KARAKTERISASI KEANEKARAGAMAN GENETIK SPESIES JERUK (Citrus sp.) MENGGUNAKAN PENANDA SIMPLE SEQUENCE REPEAT (SSR)
Authors: Oktaviana Eryka , Setiati Ning , Anggraito Yustinus Ulung
Published: October 2024

Background: The biodiversity of citrus plants is very abundant and many are cultivated, creating various types. However, the high demand makes orange farmers feel overwhelmed. This is what causes some orange cultivars to become rare. Characterization of the genetic diversity of citrus germplasm at the molecular level is an important and crucial step that can assist in the breeding and conservation process. The aim of this literature review is to provide information regarding molecular markers regarding the application of SSR molecular markers to analyze the genetic diversity of citrus.
Method: The method used is a systematic literature review with the literature sources used coming from articles taken from national journals and international journals indexed by Scopus.
Results: The application of molecular markers using the SSR method is useful for identifying and characterizing the genetic diversity of citrus germplasm so that it can assist in breeding and conservation actions. SSR has many advantages both in terms of its use and the results obtained.
Conclusion: One application of molecular markers is to analyze plant genetic diversity. Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) molecular markers can help to analyze the characteristics and genetic diversity of oranges so that they can assist in plant breeding and conservation purposes.
ANALISIS KEBUTUHAN SISWA DAN GURU TERHADAP E-MODUL TERINTEGRASI NILAI IMTAQ DI MAN 3 KOTA PEKANBARU
Authors: Rohmah Siti Mashitoh , Robiah Siti
Published: October 2024

Background: This research aims to obtain information on whether students and teachers need an E-Module integrated with IMTAQ values ​​or not. The integrated E-Module of IMTAQ values ​​is an electronic-based module presented in electronic media, either in the form of a computer or Android, which contains writing, images and even videos that contain elements of IMTAQ values.
Methods: This research was conducted from 11 December 2023 to 21 December 2023 with the research location at MAN 3 Pekanbaru City and used descriptive qualitative research methods with the aim of describing the benefits of E-Modules for increasing students' IMTAQ scores.
Results: Based on the results of interviews conducted by researchers with one of the biology teachers and 10 students in class teach.
Conclusion: Based on data analysis, it was found that they needed an E-Module that integrated IMTAQ values.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN PROTEIN DAN LEMAK PADA TERIPANG PASIR (Holothuria scabra) YANG DIPEROLEH DARI PERAIRAN DESA SULI DAN APLIKASINYA KEPADA MASYARAKAT MELALUI PENYULUHAN
Authors: Renyaan Angelica Jenita Felisitas , Tuaputty Hasan , Rumahlatu Dominggus
Published: October 2024

Background: One kind of animals with spines are sea cucumbers. Sandy waters, rocky or muddy beaches, and coral reefs are common habitats for these species. Clear, clean waters with a fine sandy bottom, away from pounding waves, are ideal for the growth of sand sea cucumbers. Sea cucumbers are found in great number across Maluku. One such location is the waters surrounding Suli village, where sand sea cucumbers, or Holoturia scabra, are particularly common.
Methods: Descriptive approaches are used in this study. The laboratory study findings served as the basis for the data sources.
Results: In samples of sand sea cucumbers (Holothuria scabra), the protein yield was greater than the fat content.
Conclusion: The protein content is 15.3544 and the fat content is 0.1816. This protein level figure is still below the maximum protein threshold of 72.93%.