bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EXPLORING THE GROUP IDENTITY OF NATIONAL AND RELIGIOUS MINORITIES IN PERSONAL BRANDING: A CASE STUDY OF IRAN'S CONTEMPORARY SOCIAL-POLITICAL SPHERE
Authors: Didyk Oksana
Published: October 2024

This study delves into Iran's political landscape, analysing personal branding dynamics and the influence of minority affiliations. Utilising scholarly perspectives, government policies, ethnographic materials, and surveys from Iranians in-country and abroad, it explores how individuals strategically communicate minority connections in their political and social personal brands.
CONCEPT AND CHARACTERISTICS OF RACISM: HISTORIOGRAPHY OF THE ISSUE
Authors: Romaniuk Andrii
Published: October 2024

The article analyzes attempts by Ukrainian scholars to conceptualize the notion of "ruscism" as the ideology and political regime of modern Russia. The evolution of the study of Putinism as a prototype of ruscism and the origins of the term "ruscism" are examined. The approaches of Ukrainian researchers to the definition of ruscism, its characteristics and connection with fascism are analyzed. The main tendencies in understanding ruscism are highlighted: as an ideology, Ukrainian scholars define imperialism, chauvinism, Russia's messianism; as a regime - totalitarianism, militarism, revanchism. Ruscism is closely related to fascism, but has specific features.
SOCIAL-POLITICAL FORECASTING AS A TOOL FOR DEVELOPING HUMANITARIAN STRATEGIES IN CONDITIONS OF INSTABILITY
Authors: Sinegub Igor
Published: October 2024

Instability, caused by numerous factors, poses a significant challenge to society. This article focuses on analyzing the role of social-political forecasting in shaping humanitarian strategies amidst instability. The author explore methods and tools of social-political forecasting that facilitate the development of humanitarian strategies to overcome instability and achieve sustainable development, emphasizing the importance of integrating the humanities into the forecasting process.
DIGITAL NOMADISM AS A NEW MODE OF IDENTITY: EXPERIENCE OF PHILOSOPHICAL UNDERSTANDING
Authors: Kovalenko Inna , Meliakova Yuliia , Kalnytskyi Eduard
Published: October 2024

The article is an attempt at a philosophical reflection of digital nomadism as a socio-cultural phenomenon. The conditions for the formation and specifics of digital identity are described taking into account the rhizomorphic nature of the network society. The presented lines of identity realization, reflecting the worldview guidelines of neo-nomads, emphasize the procedural and technologically dependent character of their existence. The existence space of electronic nomadism is shown to be antinomic, which is contradictory in the conditions of being surrounded by digital flows.
REVIEW of the textbook "Dzoban O. P. Philosophy of science: textbook. Kyiv-Odesa: Phoenix, 2024. 516 p.»
Authors: Danilyan Oleg
Published: October 2024

In the information age, when science has become a direct productive force, and the scientific and technical revolution is gaining an incredibly wide scope, the development of problems of methodology and logic of scientific research is considered one of the most urgent tasks. The continuous and constantly increasing flow of scientific research, a significant increase in the number of people engaged in science, modern professional activity in any social field requires specialists to have fundamental knowledge and skills in one form or another to creatively conduct research, use the achievements of science, and improve their qualifications. All this not only stimulates general interest in the problems of scientific knowledge, but also requires the understanding of science at the philosophical level.
R E V I E W of the textbook «Danilyan O. G., Dzoban O. P. Scientific research activities in the field of law. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2024. 269 p.» (Yurii Yu. Kalynovskyi, Doctor of Philosophical Sciences, Professor, Professor of the Department of Philosophy, Yar
Authors: Kalynovskyi Yurii
Published: October 2024

Modern society can develop dynamically only on the basis of scientific research, which is the basis of various types of activity. In the information age, when science has become the main productive force, and the scientific and technical revolution is gaining an incredibly wide scope, the development of problems of methodology and logic of scientific research is considered one of the most urgent tasks. The continuous and constantly growing flow of scientific research, a significant increase in the number of subjects engaged in science - all this not only stimulates general interest in the problems of scientific knowledge, but also requires the analysis and development of new research methods used in modern science. Modern professional activity in any social sphere requires the skills and abilities of specialists to solve fundamentally new tasks, conduct research and qualitatively process information, creatively use the achievements of science and improve their qualifications. The professional activity of a lawyer is no exception. A modern jurist must use current scientific methods to carry out scientific research and to solve complex professional tasks.
How Knowledge Sharing Mediates the Effect of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment
Authors: Dana Perkasa I Gede Tito , Rahyuda Agoes Ganesha
Published: October 2024

This study aims to provide empirical evidence of the effect of Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment which is mediated by Knowledge Sharing. This research is causality associative research using a quantitative approach. The scope of this research includes the subject of the research, namely permanent employees and contract employees at PT. Karya Pak Oles Tokcer who work in Bali Province. The population in this study were all employees of PT Karya Pak Oles Tokcer in Bali Province with a total of 117 employees. The sampling technique used in this study was saturated sampling which is included in non-probability sampling. The data analysis technique in this study uses two analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The results of the analysis provide evidence that Authentic Leadership has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment and Authentic Leadership affects Knowledge Sharing. Knowledge Sharing also has a positive effect on Organizational Commitment and mediates Authentic Leadership on Organizational Commitment.
Restroom access and health among people experiencing homelessness: A focus on San Diego, CA
Authors: Calzo Jerel P. , Carson Jacob , Swayne Madison R. E. , Felner Jennifer K. , Carroll Megan Welsh
Published: October 2024

Access to restrooms is vital to personal and public health, particularly among people experiencing homelessness (PEH). This study investigated how restroom access is associated with three domains of self-reported physical health (voiding and defecation-related conditions; skin conditions; and hypertension) among PEH in San Diego, CA. Data from 115 structured interviews with PEH (67.8% male, 40.0% mono-racially White, 57.4% rough sleeping) indicated that 37.4% (n = 43) reported typically using public restroom facilities, 38.3% (n = 44) reported typically using private facilities, and 23.5% (n = 27) reported typically engaging in open defecation. There were moderate to strong associations between urinary, gastrointestinal, and dermatological health conditions and stressors/barriers related to restroom access. The proportion of participants with ≥1 skin-related health conditions who engaged in open defecation was substantially higher (40%) compared to participants who reported no skin-related health conditions who engaged in open defecation (17.9%) (χ2(df = 1,108) = 5.25, p = 0.02). Participants who reported ≥3 voiding or defecation-related health conditions or ≥1 skin-related health conditions reported higher mean restroom-related impediments to health relative to participants without these health conditions. Restricted restroom access may prevent PEH from fulfilling their basic sanitation and hygiene needs, and may exacerbate urinary, gastrointestinal, and skin health conditions.
Mechanism Exploration of Astaxanthin in the Treatment of Adriamycin-induced Cardiotoxicity Based on Network Pharmacology and Experimental Validation
Authors: Zhu Yu , Chen Mengyao , Xie Lin , Pan Yijun , Yang Yuntian , Wan Guoxing
Published: October 2024

Introduction:

Astaxanthin (AXT), a natural antioxidant recognized for its
therapeutic potential in cancer and cardiovascular diseases, holds promise in mitigating
adriamycin-induced cardiotoxicity (AIC). Nevertheless, the underlying mechanisms of
AXT in AIC mitigation remain to be elucidated. Consequently, this study endeavors to
elucidate the mechanism of AXT against AIC, employing an integrated approach.

Methods:

Network pharmacology, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations
were harnessed to explore the molecular mechanism underlying AXT's action
against AIC. Furthermore, the in-vitro AIC model was established with the H9c2 cell to
generate transcriptome data for validation.

Results:

A total of 533 putative AXT targets and 1478 AIC-related genes were initially
screened by database retrieval and bioinformatics analysis. A total of 248 potential targets
of AXT against AIC and several signaling pathways were identified by network
pharmacology and enrichment analysis. Two core genes (CCL2 and NOS3) and the
AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications were further highlighted by
transcriptome validation based on the AIC in-vitro model. Additionally, molecular docking
and dynamics analyses supported the robust binding affinity of AXT with the core
targets.

Conclusion:

The study suggested that AXT might ameliorate AIC through the inhibition
of CCL2 and NOS3 as well as AGE-RAGE signaling, which provide a theoretical basis
for the development of a strategy against AIC.
Circulating Tumor Cells in Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Theranostics Applications: An Overview of Emerging Materials and Technologies
Authors: Soleymani Sina , Naghib Seyed Morteza , Mozafari M.R.
Published: October 2024

In recent years, immunotherapy, namely immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy, has significantly
transformed the approach to treating various forms of cancer. Simultaneously, the adoption of clinical oncology
has been sluggish due to the exorbitant expense of therapy, the adverse effects experienced by patients, and
the inconsistency in treatment response among individuals. As a reaction, individualized methods utilizing predictive
biomarkers have arisen as novel strategies for categorizing patients to achieve successful immunotherapy.
Recently, the identification and examination of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have gained attention as predictive
indicators for the treatment of cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and for personalized targeted
therapy. CTCs have been found to exhibit immunological checkpoints in several types of solid tumors, which
has contributed to our understanding of managing cancer immunotherapy. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) present
in the bloodstream have a crucial function in the formation of metastases. Nevertheless, the practical usefulness
of existing CTC tests is mostly restricted by methodological limitations.
Cardiovascular Mortality Risk among Patients with Liver Cancer: A SEER Database Study
Authors: Li Juan , Zhang Junyong , He Song
Published: October 2024

Crucial for understanding their overall health outcomes. This research aimed to as-sess the CVM risk of liver cancer patients.

Methods and Materials:

Data sourced from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database encompassing liver cancer diagnoses from 2000 to 2017 were utilized. The standardized mortality rate (SMR) was computed using general population reference data, and multivariate competing risk models were employed for analysis.

Results:

Analysis of 70,733 liver cancer patient records revealed 1,954 instances of CVM. The overall CVM SMR for liver cancer patients was 12.01 (95% CI: 11.48-12.55). Various demographic and clinical factors, including sex, race, age, year of diagnosis, pathological type, general stage, treatment modalities, and matrimonial status, emerged as liver cancer pa-tients` independent predictors of CVM.

Conclusion:

Liver cancer patients have a notably heightened susceptibility to cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in contrast to the general populace. It is imperative to promptly recognize high-risk subcategories and execute tailored cardiovascular interventions as crucial measures to bolster survival rates within this cohort of patients.

conclusion:

Liver cancer patients have a notably heightened susceptibility to cardiovascular mortality (CVM) in contrast to the general populace. It is imperative to promptly recognize high-risk subcategories and execute tailored cardiovascular interventions as crucial measures to bolster survival rates within this cohort of patients.
Topical Application of Melatonin in a Grapeseed Oil-based Microemulsion Accelerated Wound Healing in Rat Models
Authors: Gupta Madhavi , Marbaniang Daphisha , Pal Paulami , Gogoi Niva Rani , Chakrabarti Srijita , Chattopadhyay Pronobesh , Ray Subhabrata , Mazumder Bhaskar
Published: October 2024

Objective:

Melatonin has been associated with accelerated tissue regeneration and
grapeseed oil has abundant unsaturated fatty acids, particularly linoleic acid that makes it a
strong antioxidant, having the potential to promote wound healing by enhancing the presence of
free radicals at the wound site. The study is aimed to evaluate the potential of a microemulsion
gel using grapeseed oil as the organic phase and melatonin encapsulated in the vesicles to exhibit
synergistic wound healing in Swiss albino rats.

Materials and Method:

Microemulsion containing grapeseed oil encapsulating melatonin was
developed using the water-titration method. The surfactant and co-surfactant ratio (Smix) were
fixed at 1:1. A pseudo-ternary diagram was used to determine the microemulsion zone and the
developed microemulsion was further incorporated in carbopol 934P gel. The formulations were
evaluated for their physicochemical properties and cytotoxicity assay. The optimized formulation
was topically applied to cutaneous wounds of Swiss albino rat models. 30 Swiss albino rats
were divided into five groups of 6 animals each: (i) Negative control group, (ii) Standard marketed
formulation treated group, (iii) Optimized microemulsion containing Grapeseed oil and
melatonin treated group, (iv) Grapeseed oil treated group and (v) Melatonin treated group. All
the rats in each group were topically applied with the desired formulations daily for up to 14
days.

Results:

The treatment with a formulation comprising 10.18% Grapeseed oil, 24.88% water, and
64.94% Smix exhibited the highest entrapment efficiency of 86.65 ± 1.88% with an enhanced in
vitro drug release of up to 83.02 ± 1.09%, also demonstrating first-order release kinetics. Furthermore,
it did not inhibit L929 mouse fibroblast cell proliferation up to 500 μg/mL and promoted
wound closure prior to other groups. Additionally, increased tissue maturation with higher
collagen deposition was mostly seen by day 7. Thus demonstrating it is suitable for dermal
application and sustained release of melatonin. The in vivo wound healing study and histological
investigations on rat models demonstrated comparable results as observed in the marketed formulation
of melatonin.

Conclusion:

The results showed that GSO oil based microemulsion encapsulating MEL could
be a promising wound treatment option to exhibit accelerated wound healing effects.
QbD-driven Formulation Development and Evaluation of Genistein
Nanoparticles for Prostate Cancer
Authors: Patel Nirav , Patel Priya
Published: October 2024

Background:

Genistein (GEN) shows significant anticancer potential, particularly
against prostate cancer. However, its clinical application is limited by poor water solubility, rapid
metabolism and excretion, low bioavailability, and lack of targeted delivery to cancer cells, hindering
its effectiveness as a chemopreventive or therapeutic agent.

Objective:

In this study, poly-ε-caprolactone (PCL) nanoparticles incorporating polyvinyl alcohol
(PVA) as a stabilizer were engineered to encapsulate genistein (GEN) effectively. Utilizing a Quality
by Design (QbD) methodology, the development and optimization of these nanoparticles were
systematically approached.

Methods:

GEN-loaded PCL nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared using the Solvent Evaporation
Technique, ideal for encapsulating hydrophobic drugs. A Plackett–Burman design (PBD) identified
key factors, followed by a Box–Behnken design (BBD) to optimize nanoparticle quality. The NPs
were evaluated for particle size, zeta potential (ZP), polydispersity index (PDI), morphology, encapsulation
efficiency (EE), in vitro drug release, and cytotoxicity.

Results:

The optimized formulation containing PCL, PVA, and Volume of organic solvent as 43.7
mg, 6.2 mg, and 10.0 ml, respectively was chosen because it showed EE (%) of 94.0%, average particle
size of 150 nm, PDI of 0.10, ZP of -28.0 and exhibited sustained release of GEN for around
four days. The antiproliferative activities of GEN PCL NPs were confirmed by the MTT test in
vitro on malignant prostate carcinoma cell lines (PC3). Flow cytometric analysis showed that the
inhibition of cell proliferation of more potent GEN PCL NPs is comparable with the effects of free
GEN.

Conclusion:

The findings indicate that genistein-loaded PCL nanoparticles have the potential to
augment the anticancer efficacy of genistein, both in vitro and in vivo. This suggests their promise
as a viable candidate for prostate cancer treatment.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus and Herbal Medicines
Authors: Aksoyalp Zinnet Şevval , Erdoğan Betül Rabia
Published: October 2024

The global incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is rising
substantially and T1DM remains a marked economic burden despite advances in the
diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of complications. T1DM, often associated with
autoimmune disease, is characterized by insulin deficiency and insufficiency due to
beta cell destruction. The primary treatment for T1DM is insulin therapy, limited by the
risk of hypoglycemia and weight gain. Other treatments for T1DM are teplizumab and
donislecel, which have recently received FDA approval. Beyond these treatment
options, T1DM patients are interested in non-pharmacological interventions and are
willing to use herbal products. Therefore, we reviewed the effects of herbal medicines
used for T1DM, including fenugreek, ficus extracts, cinnamon, berberine, silymarin,
silibinin, curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, ginseng, olive leaf, allicin, thymoquinone,
and mangiferin to understand their level of evidence and associated effects, and their
potential for use as antidiabetic agents in the clinic. As a result of our research, the
majority of the studies were conducted on diabetic animal models. There are limited
clinical studies investigating herbal medicines in T1DM. Studies show that the
abovementioned herbal medicines are beneficial in T1DM by lowering glucose levels,
increasing insulin levels, and exerting anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pancreas
islet β-cell protective mechanisms. However, these studies are insufficient to
recommend the use of existing herbs in treating T1DM on a clinical level.
The Effects of Herbal Medicines on the Management of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Temel Aybala
Published: October 2024

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that affects a large population
worldwide, is a gastrointestinal disorder that includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative
colitis. The genetic factors, immunological, and microbial factors play critical roles in
the pathogenesis of IBD. However, there is still no pharmacological therapy providing
the definitive treatment of the disease. Gastrointestinal symptoms of IBD significantly
reduce the patient's quality of life and IBD patients often tend to use herbal medicines
as an alternative and complementary therapy for improving the symptoms. Among
herbal medicines used for IBS, Andrographis paniculata, Boswellia serrata, and Aloe
vera are prominent plant species, and catechins and curcumin are the commonly
investigated phytochemicals. Here, we summarized the main factors in the
pathogenesis of IBD, the current treatment strategies, and commonly used natural
compounds and herbs with evidence-based data. The findings pointed out that further
clinical trials having a higher sample size are required prior to the recommended use of
these herbal medicines in therapy.
Celiac Disease and Gut Microbiota: Herbal Treatment and Gluten-Free Diet
Authors: Urganci Ünkan
Published: October 2024

Celiac disease (CD) manifests as a targeted autoimmune response that
adversely affects the small intestine, primarily affecting individuals with a particular
genetic predisposition. Diagnosis centers on identifying this gluten-sensitive
enteropathy, which can be ameliorated through the implementation of a gluten-free diet
(GFD), correlating with mucosal healing and symptom alleviation. The human
microbiota, a vast symbiotic community within the gastrointestinal tract, profoundly
impacts human health. Advances in genome sequencing have elucidated the intricate
relationship between gut microbiota and autoimmune diseases, including CD,
emphasizing the significant role of dietary patterns in shaping the gut microbiota. The
influence of GFD on microbiota composition, the only clinically validated treatment
for CD, leads to a nutritional shift and potential macronutrient imbalance. Emerging
research also highlights the therapeutic potential of various herbs with antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, gastroprotective, and immunomodulatory properties
as complementary approaches to manage CD. This chapter synthesizes the complex
interactions between genetics, diet, gut microbiota, and potential herbal interventions in
CD, paving the way for more comprehensive understanding and management
strategies.
Vitamin D and Irritable Bowel Syndrome
Authors: Qiyas Salma Abu , Saleh Sheima T. , Papandreou Dimitrios
Published: October 2024

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal condition
characterized by abnormal bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both), poor mental
health, and a reduced quality of life. Although commonly diagnosed through the Rome
IV criteria, a universally agreed-upon diagnostic standard for IBS is yet to be
established. Several therapeutic modalities are commonly employed to treat IBS, but
the lack of a distinct biomarker for the condition makes it challenging for healthcare
providers to evaluate the effectiveness of treatments. Elimination diets such as the low
FODMAP diet may provide benefits to patients with IBS, however, the accompanying
increased risk of nutritional deficiencies may worsen the condition’s symptoms.
Vitamin D (VD) supplementation may reduce symptom intensity and enhance the
overall quality of life for individuals with IBS through several postulated mechanisms
of action, including possible influence on gut microbiota and serotonin levels. This
chapter reviews the current evidence from observational studies, systematic reviews,
and meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials linking VD deficiency and/or
supplementation with IBS. Four observational studies found a connection between
diagnosed IBS and patients' vitamin D levels, along with a correlation with symptom
severity, while two studies showed contradictory results. Systematic reviews and metaanalyses suggest a positive association between vitamin D supplementation and the
relief of IBS symptoms as well as improvements in mental health. Despite these
encouraging results, further large-scale clinical trials are needed to establish conclusive
findings and enhance clinical approaches for effectively managing IBS.
Multilingual Teaching
Authors: Chumak-Horbatsch Roma
Published: October 2024

This book lays out a radical new approach for teaching in multilingual classrooms: to include everyone, including those who already speak the school language, in multilingual pedagogy. The author proposes Linguistically Appropriate Practice Plus, a new resource to help teachers support the language interests of school language speakers.
Self-efficacy and quality of life among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis
Authors: Enikmawati Anik , Hastuti Weni , Purwaningsih Heni , Enawati Sri , Yuningsih Dwi , Ratnasari Nita Yunianti
Published: October 2024

Background: Continuous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) is a form of chronic peritoneal dialysis for patients with chronic kidney disease. It is carried out 3-5 times per day, 7 days per week with each time the dialysis fluid in the peritoneal cavity (dwelltime) for more than 4 hours. Through so many procedures to go through in each dialysis, it is not uncommon to affect the patient's quality of life.

Objectives: To find out the correlation between self-efficacy and the quality of life among patients undergoing continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis.

Methods: This study is quantitative research with a cross-sectional research design. The population employed all chronic kidney failure patients undergoing CAPD at Kasih Ibu Surakarta Hospital in 2023, with a total of 42 patients. The sample involved 42 samples selected using total sampling technique. Data collection used a self-efficacy questionnaire and quality of life questionnaire which its test consisted of univariate and bivariate using Chi-square test

Results: The number of respondents having self-efficacy in the good category as many as 25 respondents (59,5%); the number of respondents with a quality of life in the good category is 29 respondents (69,0%); the Chi Square test results reveal that the amount of p-value obtained is 0,011 (p-value less than 0,05) means there is a correlation between self-efficacy and the quality of life among patients undergoing Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) at Kasih Ibu Surakarta Hospital.

Conclusions: There is a correlation between self-efficacy and the quality of life among patients undergoing Continous Ambulatory Peritoneal Dialysis (CAPD) at Kasih Ibu Surakarta Hospital with a p-value of 0,018 (<0,05). 
Psychological distress experienced by pregnant women undergoing antiretroviral treatment: A qualitative study
Authors: Putri Harlinda Widia
Published: October 2024

Background: The psychological condition of pregnant women with HIV is often a significant barrier to initiating and adhering to antiretroviral therapy (ART). Psychological distress in these women, if left unaddressed, can lead to poor treatment adherence, increasing the risk of mother-to-child transmission of HIV. Managing psychological distress caused by HIV early is crucial for optimizing maternal health outcomes and reducing transmission risks.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the psychological distress experienced by pregnant women with HIV undergoing ART and to identify ways to improve treatment adherence and reduce the risk of HIV transmission to their children.

Methods: A qualitative research design with a descriptive phenomenological approach was used. Participants were selected through purposive sampling based on specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected from five participants through semi-structured, in-depth interviews. Data analysis was performed using ATLAS.ti software.

Results: Four main themes emerged from the data: psychological factors, sociocultural influences, stressors, and life pressures. The study revealed that pregnant women undergoing ART experience significant anxiety, particularly concerning lifelong medication use and the potential transmission of HIV to their babies.

Conclusions: Pregnant women undergoing ART are highly vulnerable to anxiety, driven by concerns about their health and the possibility of transmitting HIV to their children. Family support plays a crucial role in helping mothers manage their anxiety, improve ART adherence, and cope with their psychological distress. Additionally, the legal and religious status of marriage was identified as a key factor contributing to stress, further increasing the risk of anxiety and depression among participants.
Leveraging Artificial Intelligence and Data Science for Integration of Social Determinants of Health in Emergency Medicine: Scoping Review
Authors: Abbott Ethan E , Apakama Donald , Richardson Lynne D , Chan Lili , Nadkarni Girish N
Published: October 2024

Background

Social determinants of health (SDOH) are critical drivers of health disparities and patient outcomes. However, accessing and collecting patient-level SDOH data can be operationally challenging in the emergency department (ED) clinical setting, requiring innovative approaches.

Objective

This scoping review examines the potential of AI and data science for modeling, extraction, and incorporation of SDOH data specifically within EDs, further identifying areas for advancement and investigation.

Methods

We conducted a standardized search for studies published between 2015 and 2022, across Medline (Ovid), Embase (Ovid), CINAHL, Web of Science, and ERIC databases. We focused on identifying studies using AI or data science related to SDOH within emergency care contexts or conditions. Two specialized reviewers in emergency medicine (EM) and clinical informatics independently assessed each article, resolving discrepancies through iterative reviews and discussion. We then extracted data covering study details, methodologies, patient demographics, care settings, and principal outcomes.

Results

Of the 1047 studies screened, 26 met the inclusion criteria. Notably, 9 out of 26 (35%) studies were solely concentrated on ED patients. Conditions studied spanned broad EM complaints and included sepsis, acute myocardial infarction, and asthma. The majority of studies (n=16) explored multiple SDOH domains, with homelessness/housing insecurity and neighborhood/built environment predominating. Machine learning (ML) techniques were used in 23 of 26 studies, with natural language processing (NLP) being the most commonly used approach (n=11). Rule-based NLP (n=5), deep learning (n=2), and pattern matching (n=4) were the most commonly used NLP techniques. NLP models in the reviewed studies displayed significant predictive performance with outcomes, with F1-scores ranging between 0.40 and 0.75 and specificities nearing 95.9%.

Conclusions

Although in its infancy, the convergence of AI and data science techniques, especially ML and NLP, with SDOH in EM offers transformative possibilities for better usage and integration of social data into clinical care and research. With a significant focus on the ED and notable NLP model performance, there is an imperative to standardize SDOH data collection, refine algorithms for diverse patient groups, and champion interdisciplinary synergies. These efforts aim to harness SDOH data optimally, enhancing patient care and mitigating health disparities. Our research underscores the vital need for continued investigation in this domain.
Evaluating the Impacts of Community-Campus Engagement on Population Health in Ottawa and Thunder Bay, Canada: Protocol for a Mixed Methods Contribution Analysis
Authors: Buetti David , Larche Cynthia , Fitzgerald Michael , Bourgeois Isabelle , Cameron Erin , Carr Kady , Aubry Tim , Persaud Sydney , Kendall Claire E
Published: October 2024

Background

Municipalities play a crucial role in population health due to their community connections and influence on health determinants. Community-campus engagement (CCE), that is, collaboration between academic institutions and communities, is a promising approach to addressing community health priorities. However, evidence of CCE’s impact on population health remains limited. Measuring the impacts of CCE is inherently complex due to factors such as diverse stakeholders, context-specific variables, and dynamic interactions within a community.

Objective

This study aims to develop robust evidence on the impacts of CCE on population health outcomes in Ottawa and Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, focusing on 5 shared health priorities: housing, discrimination, poverty, violence, and mental health.

Methods

We will use a proven CCE model called CityStudio, which has been implemented in both cities. We will use Mayne's mixed methods contribution analysis in three stages: (1) formulating a theory of change that outlines the expected contributions of CCE to population health outcomes; (2) gathering qualitative and quantitative data in line with the established Theory of Change; the data will be collected from various sources, including case studies of existing CityStudio projects, a web-based CCE stakeholder survey, a literature review, and population and community health data; and (3) reviewing the gathered evidence to determine the extent of CCE impacts on population health.

Results

Ethical approval for this project was granted in May 2023. We have since initiated stage 1 by reviewing the literature to inform the development of the theory of change. We expect to complete this study by May 2026.

Conclusions

This study will address two critical gaps about how improving health outcomes depends on CCE: (1) how academic institutions can best engage with their communities to improve population health outcomes, and (2) how municipalities can engage with academic institutions to address their community health priorities. Conducting our work in differing contexts will allow us to consider a broader range of other influences on outcomes, thus making our work applicable to various settings and outcomes.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/58546
Accuracy of the Huawei GT2 Smartwatch for Measuring Physical Activity and Sleep Among Adults During Daily Life: Instrument Validation Study
Authors: Mei Longfei , He Ziwei , Hu Liang
Published: October 2024

Background

Smartwatches are increasingly popular for physical activity and health promotion. However, ongoing validation studies on commercial smartwatches are still needed to ensure their accuracy in assessing daily activity levels, which is important for both promoting activity-related health behaviors and serving research purposes.

Objective

This study aimed to evaluate the accuracy of a popular smartwatch, the Huawei Watch GT2, in measuring step count (SC), total daily activity energy expenditure (TDAEE), and total sleep time (TST) during daily activities among Chinese adults, and test whether there are population differences.

Methods

A total of 102 individuals were recruited and divided into 2 age groups: young adults (YAs) and middle-aged and older (MAAO) adults. Participants’ daily activity data were collected for 1 week by wearing the Huawei Watch GT2 on their nondominant wrist and the Actigraph GT3X+ (ActiGraph) on their right hip as the reference measure. The accuracy of the GT2 was examined using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient (PPMCC), Bland-Altman analysis, mean percentage error, and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE).

Results

The GT2 demonstrated reasonable agreement with the Actigraph, as evidenced by a consistency test ICC of 0.88 (P<.001) and an MAPE of 25.77% for step measurement, an ICC of 0.75 (P<.001) and an MAPE of 33.79% for activity energy expenditure estimation, and an ICC of 0.25 (P<.001) and an MAPE of 23.29% for sleep time assessment. Bland-Altman analysis revealed that the GT2 overestimated SC and underestimated TDAEE and TST. The GT2 was better at measuring SC and TDAEE among YAs than among MAAO adults, and there was no significant difference between these 2 groups in measuring TST (P=.12).

Conclusions

The Huawei Watch GT2 demonstrates good accuracy in step counting. However, its accuracy in assessing activity energy expenditure and sleep time measurement needs further examination. The GT2 demonstrated higher accuracy in measuring SC and TDAEE in the YA group than in the MAAO group. However, the measurement errors for TST did not differ significantly between the 2 age groups. Therefore, the watch may be suitable for monitoring several key parameters (eg, SC) of daily activity, yet caution is advised for its use in research studies that require high accuracy.
Perceptions Toward Using Artificial Intelligence and Technology for Asthma Attack Risk Prediction: Qualitative Exploration of Māori Views (Preprint)
Authors: Jayamini Widana Kankanamge Darsha , Mirza Farhaan , Bidois-Putt Marie-Claire , Naeem M Asif , Chan Amy Hai Yan
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Asthma is a significant global health issue, impacting over 500,000 individuals in New Zealand and disproportionately affecting Māori communities in New Zealand, who experience worse asthma symptoms and attacks. Digital technologies, including artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) models, are increasingly popular for asthma risk prediction. However, these AI models may underrepresent minority ethnic groups and introduce bias, potentially exacerbating disparities.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to explore the views and perceptions that Māori have toward using AI and ML technologies for asthma self-management, identify key considerations for developing asthma attack risk prediction models, and ensure Māori are represented in ML models without worsening existing health inequities.

METHODS

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 20 Māori participants with asthma, 3 male and 17 female, aged 18-76 years. All the interviews were conducted one-on-one, except for 1 interview, which was conducted with 2 participants. Altogether, 10 web-based interviews were conducted, while the rest were kanohi ki te kanohi (face-to-face). A thematic analysis was conducted to identify the themes. Further, sentiment analysis was carried out to identify the sentiments using a pretrained Bidirectional Encoder Representations from Transformers model.

RESULTS

We identified four key themes: (1) concerns about AI use, (2) interest in using technology to support asthma, (3) desired characteristics of AI-based systems, and (4) experience with asthma management and opportunities for technology to improve care. AI was relatively unfamiliar to many participants, and some of them expressed concerns about whether AI technology could be trusted, kanohi ki te kanohi interaction, and inadequate knowledge of AI and technology. These concerns are exacerbated by the Māori experience of colonization. Most of the participants were interested in using technology to support their asthma management, and we gained insights into user preferences regarding computer-based health care applications. Participants discussed their experiences, highlighting problems with health care quality and limited access to resources. They also mentioned the factors that trigger their asthma control level.

CONCLUSIONS

The exploration revealed that there is a need for greater information about AI and technology for Māori communities and a need to address trust issues relating to the use of technology. Expectations in relation to computer-based applications for health purposes were expressed. The research outcomes will inform future investigations on AI and technology to enhance the health of people with asthma, in particular those designed for Indigenous populations in New Zealand.
Determinants of nurses' continuance intention to use mobile health applications in clinical nursing practices: An extension to the Expectation-Confirmation Model (Preprint)
Authors: Mirabootalebi Narjes , meidani zahra , Rangraz Jeddi Fatemeh , Tagharrobi Zahra , Akbari Hossein , Swoboda Walter , Holl Felix
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Mobile health (mHealth) applications offer valuable tools for clinical nursing practice, improving access to medical resources and enhancing patient care. However, understanding the factors that influence nurses’ intention to continue using these technologies is crucial for ensuring long-term adoption

OBJECTIVE

This study extends the Expectation-Confirmation Model (ECM) to explore the determinants of Iranian nurses’ continuance intention to use mHealth applications in their daily clinical routines.

METHODS

A cross-sectional, descriptive-analytical study was conducted among 315 nurses from hospitals affiliated with Kashan University of Medical Sciences. Participants completed structured questionnaires measuring variables including perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, social influence, habits, and technology anxiety. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM) through AMOS software (version 26). The model tested relationships among confirmation, perceived usefulness, social influence, technology anxiety, and mHealth continuance behavior

RESULTS

The analysis revealed that perceived usefulness was significantly influenced by both confirmation (p < 0.001) and social influence (p < 0.001). Perceived ease of use was negatively impacted by new technology anxiety (p < 0.001), indicating that higher anxiety levels reduced perceived ease of use. Additionally, mHealth continuance behavior was positively associated with habits (p = 0.002), social influence (p < 0.001), and perceived security risks (p = 0.008). Contrary to expectations, perceived usefulness did not directly influence mHealth continuance (p = 0.151), suggesting that other factors, such as habits and social influence, play a more significant role in long-term use.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings highlight the importance of perceived social influence and the confirmation of initial expectations in encouraging nurses to continue using mHealth applications. While perceived usefulness is traditionally considered a key driver in technology adoption, this study indicates that habits and social influence are more crucial in sustaining mHealth use over time. Furthermore, new technology anxiety remains a significant barrier, suggesting that interventions should focus on reducing apprehension through training and support. Hospital managers and healthcare leaders should consider these factors when developing strategies to integrate mHealth technologies into nursing workflows, as well as create environments that foster positive social reinforcement and minimize security concerns. This study provides critical insights for improving the implementation of digital health tools in nursing practice, ultimately leading to enhanced patient care and more efficient clinical operations.
Innovation Concentration and Patent Market Structure
Authors: Zheng Jifeng
Published: October 2024

Two empirical facts concerning the increase in innovation concentration levels of U.S. industries over the last two decades have been established: innovating firms with larger market shares invest more in R&D and enter into more industries. This paper presents a model of an imperfectly competitive patent market with heterogeneous firms to show that R&D itself increases industry concentration. In the context of an imperfectly competitive patent market structure, firms generate endogenous variable markups. In particular, the price of firms' newly invented knowledge, the profit and survival rate of the innovating firms depend on the market share of the knowledge stock. Firms pay a random fixed cost in each period which together with market share determine the decision on whether to innovate in different sectors. Firms enter different sectors sequentially: they start developing new varieties in a sector with minimal competition, building up private knowledge, and then venturing into other sectors using R&D investment and accumulated knowledge. Finally, we prove that the stationary firm innovation size distribution exhibits a Pareto tail in the steady state.
The Most Familiar Strangers: Navigating Parent-Child Dynamics Through Communication
Authors: Xin Di
Published: October 2024

The essay analyzes the complex parent-child relationships in Yiyun Li’s Gold Boy, Emerald Girl and A Thousand Years of Good Prayers. It focuses on the lack of effective communication between parents and children, leading to emotional estrangement. Chinese parents, often exerting control over their children’s lives, assume they understand their needs, while the children feel misunderstood due to insufficient emotional exchange. In both stories, the characters suffer from imposed decisions and unspoken feelings, exemplifying how familial love, when mixed with cultural expectations, can become oppressive. The essay calls for mutually agreeable communication to bridge the gap and prevent families from becoming “the most familiar strangers.”
Analysis of Spatial-Temporal Changes of Land Use in Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, from 2000 to 2020 Using GIS
Authors: Liang Jinzhao , Wang Ruei-Yuan
Published: October 2024

With the rapid growth of the economy and the acceleration of urbanization, the scarcity of land resources has become increasingly prominent, and changes in land use types have become a hot research topic. This study takes Zhenjiang City in Jiangsu Province as an example, using land use data from 2000, 2010, and 2020, and combining ArcGIS with three methods: land use transfer matrix, dynamic degree, and standard deviation ellipse, to analyze the spatiotemporal changes and transfer amounts of land use types in the past two decades. The results indicate that firstly, the land use types in Zhenjiang are cropland, construction land, forests, and water bodies, with the specific area being cropland>construction land>forests>water bodies>wetlands>grasslands. Secondly, forests are distributed in the southwest and northwest of Zhenjiang; wetlands are distributed in the north; water bodies are distributed in the north and central western regions; and construction land is distributed in the north and central regions. Thirdly, in the past two decades, the single land use dynamic degree of construction land has been the highest, at 17.27%, indicating the largest change in area and rapid urban extension in Zhenjiang. The center of gravity of construction land has undergone significant changes, showing a shift from northeast to southwest.
Predictive Maintenance Using Artificial Intelligence in Critical Infrastructure: A Decision-Making Framework
Authors: Wiese Thomas L.
Published: October 2024

Critical infrastructure supports essential services across energy, transportation, water management, and telecommunications sectors. The degradation or failure of assets in these sectors can have serious economic and safety consequences. Predictive maintenance (PdM), driven by artificial intelligence (AI), has emerged as a transformative approach to optimize maintenance activities and prevent failures. This paper reviews current AI-based PdM applications in critical infrastructure and presents a decision-making framework for evaluating when AI should be used. By addressing technical capabilities, economic impacts, and regulatory concerns, the framework helps guide decision-makers in adopting AI for PdM.