bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peptide hormones and current problems of biotechnology
Authors: Pankov Yu. A.
Published: October 2019

The study of peptide hormones is a rapidly and dynamically developing field of biology throughout the world, closely associated with the latest achievements of fundamental science and medical practice. The study of peptide hormones was greatly influenced by recent major events in science. In the mid-70s, thanks to classical studies by F. Sanger et al., A. M. Mahat and W. Gilbert, efficient methods for sequencing DNA nucleotide sequences were developed. Later this event became known as the revolution in molecular biology. Together with the existing methods for cloning fragments of nucleotide sequences in plasmids and phages, they made it possible to develop a modern recombinant DNA methodology, which formed the basis of rapidly developing genetic engineering biotechnology, bioorganic chemistry, molecular genetics, microbiology, virology, and a number of other scientific disciplines. Recent advances in molecular biology have tremendously accelerated the entire process of scientific knowledge and made it a reality, for example, to develop global scientific programs such as the study of the complete nucleotide sequence of the human genome. It is no exaggeration to say that over the past 20 years, biological science has accumulated more experimental data than over the entire previous period of its development. At present, 70-80% of research in the advanced countries of the world is carried out using molecular biology methods, which now allow us to solve such scientific problems within 1 year that previously had to be spent decades.
Somatotropic insufficiency in children and antip1tu1tary antibodies as characteristics of humoral immunity in patients and their parents
Authors: Fofanova O. V. , Peterkova V. A. , Kryukova I. V. , Keda Yu. M. , Kandror V. I. , Bulatov A. A. , Goncharov N. P. , Osipova T. A. , Yelizarova G. P. , Pankov Yu. A.
Published: October 2019

Antibodies to adeno-pituitary cell surface antigen (PCSA) were studied in 40 untreated children with idiopathic growth hormone (GH) deficiency to elucidate the role of autoimmune disorders in the pathogenesis of GH deficiency. Antibodies to rat PCSA were assayed by ELISA. PCSA was detected in 15% of patients with GH deficiency, in contrast to that in healthy children and children with autoimmune thyroid diseases. The authors consider that in some cases GH deficiency may be caused by autoimmune hypophysitis. A family study revealed PCSA in 25% of mothers of patients with GH deficiency. In a population of healthy women PCSA was detected in 5.7% cases. Hence, a hereditary background of autoimmune abnormality cannot be completely ruled out.
KONTRIBUSI SHAYKH MAHFÛZ AL-TARMASÎ DALAM PERKEMBANGAN ILMU HADIS DI NUSANTARA
Authors: Fauzan Ahmad
Published: October 2019

This article examines the intellectual figures of the hadith in Nusantara whose works have worldwide with a background of inspiration from the phenomenon of Nusantara’s hadith figures that are spelled out so much, such as al-Raniri, Yasin al-Fadani, Hasyim Asy’ari, Maḥfûẓ al-Tarmasî, and so forth. This paper specifically examines one of the figures of the Ulamâ’ Nusantara, namely Maḥfûẓ al-Tarmasî, both in terms of biography, his contribution in the fields of hadith, qirâ’ah, and sanad. The method used in this paper is a content data analysis using literature studies (library research). The expected result of this paper is that the breadth of al-Tarmasî’s scientific knowledge is not only limited to the discipline of hadith or its knowledge, but also other disciplines such as qirâ’ah, fiqh and so forth. In this study, it was concluded that al-Tarmasî had a major contribution to the spread of qirâ’ah in Nusantara. He became the main reference in terms of qirâ’ah. Likewise, in the field of Hadith, the sanad owned by al-Tarmasî is connected in a chain to its author, and on this basis, many Indonesian take the path of teacher training to al-Tarmasî.Keyword: al-Tarmasi, Hadith, Nusantara
Comparison of the diagnostic performance of two automated urine sediment analyzers with manual phase-contrast microscopy
Authors: Enko Dietmar , Stelzer Ingeborg , Böckl Michael , Derler Brigitta , Schnedl Wolfgang J. , Anderssohn Petra , Meinitzer Andreas , Herrmann Markus
Published: October 2019

Background

Recently, several manufacturers have launched automated urinalysis platforms. This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of the UF-5000 (Sysmex Corporation, Kobe, Japan) and the cobas® u 701 (Roche Diagnostics, Rotkreuz, Switzerland) urine sediment analyzers with manual phase-contrast microscopy as the reference method.

Methods

A total of 195 urine samples were analyzed on both automated platforms and subjected to manual microscopic examination. Agreement was assessed by Cohen’s kappa (κ) analysis. Sensitivities and specificities were calculated.

Results

The agreement of the UF-5000 with manual microscopy was almost perfect (κ > 0.8) for red (RBC) and white blood cells (WBC), renal tubular epithel cells, hyaline casts, bacteria (BACT) and yeast (YLC), substantial (κ = 0.61–0.80) for squamous epithel cells (SEC) and pathologic casts, and moderate (κ = 0.41–0.60) for transitional epithel cells. The cobas® u 701 showed substantial agreement (κ = 0.61–0.80) for WBC, moderate agreement (κ = 0.41–0.60) for hyaline casts, and fair agreement (κ = 0.21–0.40) for RBC, SEC, non-squamous epithel (NEC), pathologic casts, BACT and YLC. The UF-5000 sensitivities ranged between 98.5% for RBC and 83.3% for pathological casts. The cobas® u 701 showed sensitivities between 83.0% for WBC and 31.6% for YLC.

Conclusions

The UF-5000 (Sysmex) analyzer showed a better diagnostic agreement with manual phase-contrast microscopy compared to the cobas® u 701 (Roche) module. The Sysmex platform showed reliable results for urine sediment analysis. However, pathological samples should be verified with manual microscopy.
A Ten-Year Biomonitoring Study of Atmospheric Deposition of Trace Elements at the Territory of the Republic of Belarus
Authors: Aleksiayenak Yulia , Frontasyeva Marina
Published: October 2019

For the third time since 2005 atmospheric deposition of trace elements in Belarus was monitored by the moss technique widely used in Europe for air pollution studies. Samples of moss species of Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi were collected at 86 sites over the Gomel, Vitebsk and Minsk Regions in the summer of 2015. A total of 30 elements were determined by epithermal neutron activation analysis. Studying of the temporal trends in Belarus was undertaken with the results obtained in previous moss surveys in 2005/2006 and 2010/2011. Comparison with the analogous data from the neighbouring countries showed relatively low contamination levels in Belarus for the most heavy and toxic elements. The results of survey 2010/2011 showed that, except Cr, other element concentrations reduce or are at the same levels.
Identification of Degradation By-Products of Selected Pesticides During Oxidation and Chlorination Processes
Authors: Kudlek Edyta
Published: October 2019

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) are considered to be one of the most effective methods for the decomposition of a wide range of hardly-biodegradable organic compounds, including pesticides. The implementation of such processes in the water streams treatment often leads to the formation of decomposition by-products of micropollutants occurring in water. These compounds, even in concentrations of a few ng/dm3, may negatively affect the water quality. Therefore, there is a need for detailed analyses that will allow to identify intermediates found in the AOP solutions and to assess their impact on the aquatic environment. The paper presents an attempt to identify by-products of three pesticides: triclosan, triallat and oxadiazon during ozonation, chlorination and UV irradiation of their water solutions. The identification of compounds was performed based on the results of the GC-MS analysis using the NIST v17 mass spectral library. It has been shown that during all of tested advanced oxidation processes, incomplete degradation of pesticides occurs. The number of micropollutant decomposition by-products increases with the increase of the applied ozone dose and UV exposure time. During the chlorination process Cl− atoms were added to the tested compound molecules. In the case of triclosan, it led to the generation of compounds containing four or five chlorine atoms in their structure. The toxicological analysis performed by the use of the Microtox® and Lemna sp. Growth Inhibition Test showed the toxic nature of post-process solutions. The decomposition by-products of triclosan and triallate, generated during the UV irradiation process, were highly toxic against the test organisms (toxic effect > 75 %). This makes it impossible to drain these solutions into the natural environment.
Volume fraction and width of ribbon-like crystallites control the rubbery modulus of segmented block copolymers
Authors: Nébouy Matthias , Louhichi Ameur , Baeza Guilhem P.
Published: October 2019

We discuss the origin of the plateau modulus enhancement (χ) in semi-crystalline segmented block copolymers by increasing the concentration in hard segments within the chains (X
HS). The message we deliver is that the plateau modulus of these thermoplastic elastomers is greatly dominated by the volume fraction (Φ) and the width (W) of crystallites according to χ–1 ~ ΦW in agreement with a recent topological model we have developed. We start by a quick review of literature with the aim to extract χ(Φ) for different chemical structures. As we suspected, we find that most of the data falls onto a mastercurve, in line with our predictions, confirming that the reinforcement in such materials is mainly dominated by the crystallite’s content. This important result is then supported by the investigation of copolymer mixtures in which Φ is fixed, providing a similar reinforcement, while the chains compositions is significantly different. Finally, we show that the reinforcement can be enhanced at constant Φ by increasing W for a given class of block copolymers. This can be done by changing the process route and is again in good agreement with our expectations.
Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin as a potential biomarker for pulmonary thromboembolism
Authors: Ozyurt Songul , Karatas Mevlut , Arpa Medeni , Yilmaz Kara Bilge , Duman Hakan , Memoglu Melek , Sahin Unal
Published: October 2019

Objective

Pulmonary thromboembolism (PTE) is a clinical condition that can be lethal unless promptly diagnosed and treated. The objective was to evaluate the significance of serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) in the diagnosis of PTE.

Materials and methods

In this study, 60 patients hospitalized for acute PTE between May 2015 and December 2016 were enrolled. PTE was diagnosed using spiral computed tomography angiography of the thorax. Cardiac enzyme levels, arterial blood gas, and echocardiography measurements were performed. Whole blood samples were drawn to measure serum NGAL before treatment.

Results

The PTE group comprised 34 women and 26 men, and the healthy control group included 22 women and 18 men. The mean ages of the patient and control groups were 70.3 ± 14.4 years and 69.0 ± 10.2 years, respectively. Serum NGAL was significantly higher in the patients than in the controls (88.6 ± 33.6 vs. 31.7 ± 10.0 ng/mL, p < 0.001, respectively). The optimal NGAL cut-off value was >50 ng/mL, the sensitivity was 100%, specificity was 98.3%, the negative predictive value was 100%, and the positive predictive value was 68%.

Conclusion

Serum NGAL is a new biomarker with high sensitivity and specificity to detect, diagnose, and exclude PTE.
Deformation-induced effects in indium antimonide microstructures at cryogenic temperatures for sensor applications
Authors: Druzhinin A. O. , Khoverko Yu. M. , Ostrovskii I. P. , Liakh-Kaguy N. S. , Pasynkova O. A.
Published: October 2019

The authors investigate deformation-induced changes in the electrophysical parameters of the indium antimonide microcrystals at cryogenic temperatures in strong magnetic fields up to 10 T. It is determined that for strongly doped InSb microcrystals, the gauge factor at liquid-helium temperature is GF4.2K ≈ 72 for the charge carrier concentration of 2∙1017 сm–3, while being GF4.2K ≈ 47 for the concentration of 6∙1017 сm–3, at ε = –3∙10–4 rel. un. For the development of magnetic field sensors based on the magnetoresistive principle, the effect of a giant magnetic resistivity reaching 720% at a temperature of 4.2 K is used.
High temperature strain sensors based on gallium phosphide whiskers
Authors: Druzhinin A. O. , Maryamova I. I. , Kutrakov O. P.
Published: October 2019

The paper presents a study of tensoresistive characteristics of p-type GaP whiskers with [111] crystallographic orientation coinciding with the direction of the maximal piezoresistive effect for this material. The authors present a newly-developed technology of creating the ohmic contacts to GaP crystals that allows using these crystals at high temperatures (400—600°C). Tensoresistive characteristics of p-type GaP whiskers were studied in the strain range of ±1,2•10–3 rel. un. These studies show that the gauge factor for these crystals at 20°C is rather large. Thus, for p-type GaP crystals with a resistivity of 0.025—0.03 Ω•cm, the gage factor is in the range of 90—95.
The study of tensoresistive properties shows that in the temperature range of 20—300°C for p-type GaP crystals with the resistivity of 0,01—0,03 Ω•cm, the gage factor decreases as the temperature rises, but in the temperature range of 300—550°C for this crystals, very slight temperature dependence of the gage factor was observed. In this temperature range, the temperature coefficient of gage factor is no more than –0,03%/°Ñ. In the temperature range of 300—500°C, the value of gage factor is high (40—50). It could be noticed that in the entire investigated temperature range, the strain sensors based on p-type GaP whiskers have the linear resistance vs. strain dependence in the strain range of ±5,0•10–4 rel. un. The developed strain sensors based on p-type GaP whiskers have high mechanical strength at the static and dynamic strain (more than 108 cycles), which makes them operable in dynamic mode.
Surface ZnSe:Ca layers with hole conductivity
Authors: Makhniy V. P. , Berezovskiy M. M. , Kinzerska O. V. , Melnyk V. V.
Published: October 2019

The authors investigate the effect of treating n-ZnSe substrates with boiling aqueous Ca(NO3)2 suspension on their electrical and luminescent properties. Base substrates were cut from bulk pure zinc selenide crystals grown from a stoichiometric melt by the Bridgman method. It was found that the Ca-doping of the substrates causes an almost complete “quenching” of the low-energy orange emission band with a maximum near ħωmax ≈ 1,95 eV and a significant increase in the efficiency of the edge blue luminescence band.
Comparative Genomics and Transcriptomics To Analyze Fruiting Body Development in Filamentous Ascomycetes
Authors: Lütkenhaus Ramona , Traeger Stefanie , Breuer Jan , Carreté Laia , Kuo Alan , Lipzen Anna , Pangilinan Jasmyn , Dilworth David , Sandor Laura , Pöggeler Stefanie , Gabaldón Toni , Barry Kerrie , Grigoriev Igor V , Nowrousian Minou
Published: October 2019

Many filamentous ascomycetes develop three-dimensional fruiting bodies for production and dispersal of sexual spores. Fruiting bodies are among the most complex structures differentiated by ascomycetes; however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this process are insufficiently understood. Previous comparative transcriptomics analyses of fruiting body development in different ascomycetes suggested that there might be a core set of genes that are transcriptionally regulated in a similar manner across species. Conserved patterns of gene expression can be indicative of functional relevance, and therefore such a set of genes might constitute promising candidates for functional analyses. In this study, we have sequenced the genome of the Pezizomycete Ascodesmis nigricans, and performed comparative transcriptomics of developing fruiting bodies of this fungus, the Pezizomycete Pyronema confluens, and the Sordariomycete Sordaria macrospora. With only 27 Mb, the A. nigricans genome is the smallest Pezizomycete genome sequenced to date. Comparative transcriptomics indicated that gene expression patterns in developing fruiting bodies of the three species are more similar to each other than to nonsexual hyphae of the same species. An analysis of 83 genes that are upregulated only during fruiting body development in all three species revealed 23 genes encoding proteins with predicted roles in vesicle transport, the endomembrane system, or transport across membranes, and 13 genes encoding proteins with predicted roles in chromatin organization or the regulation of gene expression. Among four genes chosen for functional analysis by deletion in S. macrospora, three were shown to be involved in fruiting body formation, including two predicted chromatin modifier genes.
Pengaruh Akuntabilitas, Gaya Kepemimpinan, Kompetensi dan di Mediasi Motivasi Terhadap Kinerja Organisasi
Authors: Wardiana Isma Arum , Hermanto Suwardi Bambang
Published: October 2019

This research aimed to find out the effect of accountability, leadership style, competency and motivation on the organization performance, especially in government organization, Sidoarjo. The data collection thecnique used simple random sampling. Furthermore, there were 111 respondents as sample in 34 village area, Sidoarjo. Moreover, the data analysis thecnique used PLS (Partial Least Square. The research result concluded the transformasional leadership style had positive effect on the performance and motivation of managerial porformance. Furthermore, the managerial ownership had positive effect on the motivation managerial work. Furthermore, this research had correlated with the government support to create a good governance.
Detecção de Myxomycetes em morangueiro no sul de Minas Gerais
Authors: Ribeiro Natali , Brioso Paulo Sérgio Torres
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Com a maior expressão econômica dentre as pequenas frutas no mundo, o morangueiro tem como principal entrave o fitossanitário. Objetivando identificar possíveis fitoparasitas associados ao cultivo de morangueiro, coletaram-se amostras sintomáticas, entre março e outubro do ano de 2016, no município de Estiva – MG. Foram observadas estruturas frutificativas no pecíolo das folhas de ‘Minas’ e em microscópio estereoscópico e ótico, foi possível identificar o Myxomycetes, Diachea leucopoda nas amostras sintomáticas. Este é o primeiro registro do mesmo no Estado de Minas Gerais. Possivelmente, esse Myxomycetes tenha entrado nessa região devido à constante aquisição de mudas de outros Estados e até mesmo de outros países, tornando necessário maior rigor quanto à aquisição dessas mudas.
Direitos da natureza e deveres religiosos: tensões entre a ecologia católica e movimentos ambientalistas seculares
Authors: Santos Renan William dos
Published: October 2019

Resumo: Para cavar um nicho na discussão pública sobre o meio ambiente, cujo surgimento e propagação foram alheios à interferência de qualquer religião, os líderes da Igreja Católica vêm formulando desde o papado de Paulo VI uma concepção ecológica própria, que tem como fundamento a conexão de aspectos físicos da crise ambiental com o diagnóstico de uma degradação moral. A natureza “agredida” não é só a que está “fora”, mas a que está “dentro” do ser humano. Partindo de sentidos e diagnósticos diferentes, essa ecologia católica acaba colidindo, em diversos aspectos, com postulados dos movimentos ambientalistas seculares. Este artigo procura mapear a formação dessa visão ecológica a partir do núcleo oficial católico, analisando sociologicamente os seus pontos de tensão com outras concepções ambientalistas.
Religião, política e direitos sexuais: controvérsias públicas em torno da “cura gay”
Authors: Gonçalves Alexandre Oviedo
Published: October 2019

Resumo: A partir de declarações públicas de atores que emergem como lideranças religiosas pentecostais e neopentecostais no Brasil, tenho como escopo mapear a produção da controvérsia pública em torno da “cura gay”. A alcunha “cura gay” diz respeito ao debate, veiculado publicamente em diferentes instâncias e mídias, acerca da possibilidade de reorientação da homossexualidade em direção à heterossexualidade por meio de programas psicoterapêuticos e conversão religiosa. Pressupondo que casos como esse geram disputas e associações entre atores sociais que discursam a partir de campos heterogêneos, proponho, neste artigo, o mapeamento e a reconstrução das discussões em torno da Resolução 01/99 do Conselho Federal de Psicologia, que proíbe psicólogos brasileiros de colaborar com eventos e serviços que ofereçam tratamento e cura das homossexualidades. Ao final, aponto para o modo como esses atores, atentos à importância crescente da normatividade legal e do ideário dos Direitos Humanos na sociedade contemporânea, passaram a pautar seus discursos e formas de atuação em direção à produção de um monopólio argumentativo em espaços institucionais voltados à discussão dos Direitos Humanos e de Minorias.
Spatial pattern of the environmental exposure to tin in the vicinity of an alloy industry in Volta Redonda, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil
Authors: Azevedo Sayonara Vieira de , Sobral Andrea , Moreira Maria de Fátima Ramos
Published: October 2019

Abstract: Despite being widely used in industry, the literature on tin and its effects in humans is scarce, especially regarding reference values in biological indicators such as blood and urine. Similarly, environmental limits are also rare. This study sought to assess the spatial distribution of hotspots in the environmental exposure to tin in the vicinity of an alloy industry in the south region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The study population consisted of 74 adults. Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry determined tin in all samples. Households and points around the industry were georeferenced with the use of GPS to identify the most intense tin sites. Results of the first and second campaigns ranged from 0.022 to 0.153 and 0.003 to 0.445µg m-3 for the atmospheric air, whereas such ranges were 0.64 to 1.61 and 1.97 to 8.54µg m-2 for household dust, respectively. The mean tin concentration found in the blood of the population was 3.85 ± 1.57µg L-1. In urine the value was 3.56 ± 1.88µg L-1. The kernel map showed the highest spatial concentrations of tin in household dust in the eastern region of the industry. In the first sampling, atmospheric air samples presented the most elevated concentrations in the southwest and southeast. Although the direction of the wind was northwest, potentially high risks were concentrated in the central area in the second collection. The largest hotspots were in the north, south and southeast regions; however, urine samples showed medium to high levels in the west and east regions. Regarding blood samples, the greatest difference was the absence of hotspot areas in the west. Environmental monitoring becomes necessary to better assess the exposure to tin.
Estado nutricional e evolução clínica de idosos em terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar: uma coorte retrospectiva
Authors: Menezes Caroline Soares , Fortes Renata Costa
Published: October 2019

Objetivo avaliar a evolução clínica e nutricional de idosos que recebem terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar. Método estudo observacional do tipo coorte retrospectiva. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de análise de prontuários dos registros clínicos e nutricionais. Foram analisadas as variáveis demográficas, nutricionais e clínicas. A amostra foi constituída por pacientes idosos em uso de terapia nutricional enteral domiciliar por via sonda ou estomia. Para a análise estatística, utilizou-se o programa Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, adotando-se o nível de significância de 5%. Resultados a amostra foi de 218 participantes, com uma média de idade de 76±10,12 anos, sendo 54,1% do sexo feminino. A principal morbidade foi a sequela por acidente vascular encefálico. A desnutrição foi o diagnóstico nutricional e a avaliação subjetiva global, o principal instrumento de avaliação nutricional. A via de administração da dieta mais prevalente foi a sonda nasoentérica/nasogástrica, contudo, após um ano de acompanhamento, a gastrostomia passou a ser a principal via. Constatou-se o predomínio de manutenção do estado geral e o desfecho clínico mais prevalente foi o óbito. Conclusão a maioria dos pacientes em terapia de nutrição enteral domiciliar apresentou manutenção e/ou melhora do quadro clínico e nutricional. Logo, essa terapia pode contribuir com uma melhor evolução clínica e nutricional.
Fish fauna from the Paranapanema River basin, Brazil
Authors: Jarduli Lucas Ribeiro , Garcia Diego Azevedo Zoccal , Vidotto-Magnoni Ana Paula , Casimiro Armando Cesar Rodrigues , Vianna Norberto Castro , Almeida Fernanda Simões de , Jerep Fernando Camargo , Orsi Mario Luis
Published: October 2019

Abstract: The Paranapanema River is an important, extensively explored tributary of the Upper Paraná River basin. The fish fauna of the Paranapanema River has been investigated since the 1990s; however, no study has characterized the richness of fish species throughout the basin, including the main channel of the river, marginal lagoons, its tributaries, and sub-tributaries. Thus, we performed a review with 90 independent studies conducted at the upper, middle, and lower sections of the basin. We recorded 225 species, of which 165 were native, and 60 were non-native. We found that 77% of the species within the basin are composed by Siluriformes and Characiformes. Cichliformes had a significant number of non-native species established in impoundment sections of the basin. Incidence-Based Estimators (Bootstrap and Chao 2) demonstrated that the richness of native species is still underestimated. Some native (e.g., Hypostomus ancistroides) and non-native species (e.g., Plagioscion squamosissimus) are widely distributed in the basin, while others had a more restricted distribution. Among the registered species, the family Bryconidae had the highest number of representatives with threatened conservation status. In addition, we observed that the Capivara Reservoir and its tributaries were the most sampled regions, with the majority of studies performed in the Lower Paranapanema basin. The species richness recorded in large tributaries, such as Tibagi, Cinzas, Congonhas, and Pirapó rivers is critical for maintaining the fish fauna in the Paranapanema River. Our contribution may be used to support management actions and conservation strategies, as well as to indicate regions in the basin that need to be better inventoried.
Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis in Buenos Aires, Argentina: comparison of serological and molecular assays
Authors: Martin Paula L. , Salvo María N. De , Cicuttin Gabriel L. , Arauz María S.
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT: Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis (CME) is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Ehrlichia canis and transmitted by Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato, a tick with worldwide distribution. When not diagnosed and treated early, disease can be severe. Currently, the disease is confirmed by serological or molecular assays. The objective of this study was to compare a serological assay based on immunochromatography (SPEED® EHRLI immunochromatographic test; BVT, France) and a molecular assay (a screening PCR followed by a nested PCR specific for E. canis) for the diagnosis of E. canis in suspected dogs from Buenos Aires city and southern Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Blood samples from 20 clinically healthy dogs (Control Group) and from 80 sick dogs suspected of having CME (Groups 1 to 4) were tested in parallel. Neither the immunochromatographic test nor the PCR assay was able to detect the presence of E. canis in the Control Group. In the group which had been previously tested by serology, the agreement between the tests was low (kappa: 0.200), whereas in the group which had been previously tested by PCR, the concordance between the tests was adequate (kappa: 0.650). The concordance between the tests evaluated in the total population studied was moderate (kappa: 0.496). The results of our study suggest that the use of rapid serological tests as a first approach, together with subsequent confirmation by PCR, will improve the diagnosis of CME.
Lesions in 224 spleens of splenectomized dogs and evalution of alternative techniques for previous microscopic diagnosis
Authors: Figueiredo Rafael S. , Muramoto Caterina , Fontes Thanielle N. , Meneses Iris D.S. , Cardoso Paula G.S. , Vieira Filho Carlos H.C. , Estrela-Lima Alessandra , Peixoto Tiago C.
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT: When detecting a proliferative splenic lesion, veterinarians usually choose splenectomy before a conclusive diagnosis, which can provide a deleterious effect to the dog. The most appropriate would be to perform splenectomy as a therapeutic procedure only in cases with real surgical indication, which can be established after defining microscopic diagnosis and prognosis. The objectives of this study were: to determine the frequency of different types of lesions in spleens of splenectomized dogs in the period of 12 years (2006-2017); determine the representativity of neoplastic lesions (benign and malignant) and non-neoplastic lesions; to evaluate and compare the safety and efficiency of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNA) and ultrasound-guided Tru-cut needle biopsy for cytological and histopathological diagnosis, respectively, of splenic nodular lesions. In the studied period 224 cases of lesions were found in splenectomized spleens. The frequency of non-neoplastic lesions (50,45%, 113/224) and neoplastic lesions (49,55%, 111/224) was very similar. Among the neoplastic lesions, the malignant ones were more frequent (79,27%, 88/111), and the hemangiosarcoma was the most common (52,25%, 58/111). The possibility of malignant neoplasm was about 74% greater than a benign one. In summary, it was verified that 60.71% (136/224) of the cases corresponded to benign lesions without indication to splenectomy. FNA techniques and Tru-cut biopsy showed a low risk of complications. Regarding the diagnostic efficacy, the FNA obtained 71.43% (15/21) of conclusive diagnoses, 60% (9/15) of which were compatible with the final result of the histopathological evaluation, after splenectomy (gold standard). The Tru-cut biopsy obtained 71.43% (5/7) of conclusive diagnoses and 28.57% (2/7) of inconclusive diagnoses. Among the conclusive one, in 100% of the cases the diagnosis was compatible with the gold standard. Thus, since the possibility of benign splenic lesions in dogs is 1.52 times greater than malignancies, splenectomy should be recommended as a therapeutic procedure only in cases with proven surgical indication, which can be established after definition of microscopic diagnosis and prognosis. The use of FNA and Tru-cut biopsy should be recommended, especially for small and focal splenic lesions, since such techniques are good alternatives for establishing diagnosis previously to splenectomy, which may reduce the number of unnecessary splenectomies. The importance of recommending such techniques is emphasized, especially for dogs with focal splenic lesions smaller than three centimeters.
Nitrogen management, cultivars and growing environments on wheat grain quality
Authors: Silva Raphael R. , Zucareli Claudemir , Fonseca Inês C. de B. , Riede Carlos R. , Gazola Diego
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of nitrogen (N) fertilization, environment and cultivars on the protein concentration, sodium dodecyl sulfate sedimentation test (SDSS) volume and falling number in wheat. The experimental design was a randomized blocks in split plot scheme with four repetions. Four wheat genotypes were evaluated under six N managements in four enviroment (subplots). The wheat genotypes evaluated were IPR Catuara TM, BRS Gaivota, Quartzo and CD 120. Protein concentration, SDS sedimentation test, falling number and grain yield were evaluated. Combined analysis of variance for the four environment was performed and means were compared by Tukey test at p ≤ 0.05. The environmental effect is greater than the genotype and N effects on protein concentration. The increase in protein concentration reduces grain yield of the cultivars tested. SDSS and falling number in wheat are influenced by the interaction between cultivar and environment and also by the N management. The protein concentration of grain has low influence on SDS sedimentation volume, so the topdressing N management has less accentuated effect on this response variable. The falling number does not vary among cultivars when the environment is suitable to pre-harvest sprouting. The use of topdressing N influences the falling number in wheat.
CORRELATIONAL ANALYSIS BETWEEN POTENTIALLY PAINFUL PROCEDURES AND PAIN CONTROL STRATEGIES IN A NEONATAL UNIT
Authors: Costa Anna Caroline Leite , Araújo Fernanda Lopes de , Simão Delma Aurélia da Silva , Bueno Mariana , Marcatto Juliana de Oliveira , Manzo Bruna Figueiredo
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT Objective: to describe potentially painful procedures performed in neonates and their relation with pain relief strategies. Method: a longitudinal correlational study, conducted from October to December 2014, with 50 neonates admitted to neonatal units of a public maternity hospital in Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (Brazil). Procedures were analyzed in the first two weeks of life of neonates admitted with up to three hours of life and born at the maternity hospital in which the study was conducted. Data was submitted to descriptive, comparative and correlational analyses using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software, adopting a significance level of 5%. Results: most newborns were male (n=32; 64%), premature (n=34; 69.4%) and hospitalized for having respiratory disorders (n=45; 91.8%). A total of 894 painful and of 2883 potentially painful procedures related to daily care were recorded. Non-pharmacological pain relief strategies were used in 49 (98%) neonates, while pharmacological strategies were used in nine (18%). Correlational analyses revealed the difficulty of drug treatment management and the underuse of non-pharmacological strategies as adjuvant to severe pain procedures. Conclusion: neonates underwent many potentially painful procedures, and it was found that pain relief methods are underused and that training on pain assessment and treatment is necessary in order to make these practices part of the care process.
Identificação do Nível de Conhecimento em Cuidados Paliativos na Formação Médica em uma Escola de Medicina de Goiás
Authors: Pereira Erika Aguiar Lara , Rangel Adriana Belle , Giffoni Julia Calixto Guimarães
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Introdução O atual panorama mundial e, mais recentemente, brasileiro, nos permite afirmar que os cursos de Medicina carecem de disciplinas que abordem os temas de morte, luto e comunicação de más notícias, geralmente inseridos no contexto dos Cuidados Paliativos, embora não somente em disciplinas que conduzam os futuros profissionais médicos para além do conhecimento técnico-científico, tendo em vista a necessidade dos pacientes e familiares de serem cuidados também nos âmbitos psicossocial e espiritual1. Sabemos que existem barreiras para a aplicação de técnicas de cuidados paliativos no Brasil. Entre elas, podemos destacar a falta de formação em Cuidados Paliativos da equipe de saúde, especificamente, neste estudo, dos profissionais médicos. Objetivos Identificar o nível de conhecimento em Cuidados Paliativos (CP) na formação médica dos acadêmicos de Medicina do sexto ano de uma escola de Medicina do Estado de Goiás, compreender a percepção dos acadêmicos quanto à aprendizagem referente aos CP durante a sua formação médica e discutir a inclusão de CP na formação médica da instituição do estudo e no Brasil. Método Um questionário com nove questões foi aplicado para avaliar o nível de conhecimento em Cuidados Paliativos dos acadêmicos do sexto ano de Medicina de uma escola médica do Estado de Goiás. A população do estudo foi constituída de 81 indivíduos, de ambos os sexos, maiores de 18 anos. Resultados Foi observado que 73,84% dos entrevistados souberam definir ortotanásia, 43,07% acertaram a definição de distanásia e 58,73% assinalaram corretamente sobre eutanásia. Temos ainda que 36,92% dos alunos não se consideram preparados para lidar com a terminalidade, e a maioria dos acadêmicos (74,3%) referiu déficit quanto à abordagem do tema na graduação. Conclusão Embora os acadêmicos avaliados conheçam alguns princípios dos CP, estes não são suficientes. Os alunos alegam carência na abordagem do tema, enfatizando a necessidade de implementação dos Cuidados Paliativos como disciplina obrigatória na grade curricular brasileira.
Adaptação Transcultural e Validação das Propriedades Psicométricas do Instrumento Nutrition in Patient Care Survey (Nips) no Brasil
Authors: Sleumer Juliana Peres , Campos Ângelo Ponte de Freitas , Machado Felipe Anastácio da Silva , Moura Eliane Perlatto
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Introdução O hábito nutricional inadequado é considerado importante fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). O médico tem importante papel na modificação e melhoria do comportamento nutricional de seus pacientes e consequente melhoria da saúde. Neste contexto, é necessário mensurar, mediante instrumentos confiáveis, a atitude de estudantes e médicos sobre nutrição no atendimento a pacientes, para subsidiar intervenções educacionais que impactarão a prática clínica. Objetivo Traduzir, adaptar culturalmente e validar o instrumento Nutrition in Patient Care Survey (Nips), que avalia atitudes no cuidado nutricional na prática clínica, para ser utilizado na população de língua portuguesa falada no Brasil. Metodologia A versão original Nips em inglês inicialmente foi traduzida para a língua portuguesa e submetida a uma adaptação transcultural do vocabulário e da construção linguística. Esta versão foi retraduzida para o inglês. O questionário foi então aplicado para pré-teste em 30 estudantes de Medicina, com o intuito de eliminar dúvidas quanto à compreensão das perguntas. A versão final do instrumento adaptado foi aplicada a 400 estudantes de Medicina. Foi realizada a análise de confiabilidade e de validade, utilizando-se análise fatorial exploratória pelo método de extração de componentes principais e rotação Varimax Resultado Quatrocentos estudantes responderam a todas as perguntas do Nips e foram incluídos na análise. Após análise fatorial, foi definida a estrutura final da escala, que passou a ter 37 itens, em formato Likert de 1 (discordo totalmente) a 5 (concordo totalmente), divididos em dez fatores, diferentemente do observado na escala original, que apresenta cinco fatores. A consistência interna (alfa de Cronbach) para os dez fatores estudados foi superior a 0,60 na maioria deles, e o alfa de Cronbach geral foi superior a 0,50. Na análise de validade do construto, a maioria dos coeficientes de correlação se mostrou significativa (valores p < 0,005). Com essa estrutura, a escala proposta apresentou consistência interna entendida como favorável, explicando 58,93% das atitudes dos alunos em relação ao cuidado nutricional na assistência ao paciente. Conclusão A versão em português do instrumento Nips, após o processo de adaptação, mostrou-se útil e adequada para levantar informações relativas à atitude dos estudantes de Medicina no cuidado nutricional do paciente.
Complementary and Alternative Medicine Teaching: Evaluation of theTeaching-Learning Process of Integrative Practices in Brazilian Medical Schools
Authors: Albuquerque Leila Verônica da Costa , Lima José Wellington de Oliveira , Silva Ana Beatriz Gois da , Correia Ingrid Cavalcante Morais , Maia Ludmila Rios Osterno Gomes , Bessa Matheus Costa , Bessa Olívia Andrea Alencar Costa
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT Context Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) are unconventional care practices that, according to the World Health Organization, should be implemented in the Health System, particularly in poor regions of the country. In Brazil, they have been adopted by Care Programs and introduced into undergraduate medical education. In this study we were interested in evaluating the teaching-learning process of Integrative Practices in Brazilian medical schools. Methodology A cross-sectional study was carried out at Brazilian medical schools with a self-administered questionnaire for teachers and a secondary data survey was obtained from medical school websites and government database institutions. For the presentation of the variables, frequency distribution and the Pearson coefficient (X2) -Chi-square tests were used. The proportions were compared using the Chi-square test or the Fisher’s Exact Test. When the expected value of a contingency table was equal to or greater than 5, the Chi-square test was used; in all other situations, Fisher’s Exact Test was used. The difference between proportions was estimated by the Odds Ratio, calculated through simple logistic regression (95% CI). Results 57 of the 272 medical schools in Brazil address CAM, with it being proportionally higher in the South and Mid-West regions. The medical schools are highly concentrated in state capitals, and the Northeast region presents a significant concentration of medical schools with CAM in the capitals. The number of schools with active and traditional methodologies in CAM is equivalent. Homeopathy, Acupuncture and Integrative Medicine predominate, with a minority using Indigenous Practices, Chronotherapy and Anthroposophic Medicine. The new educational guidelines have not affected the number of schools with CAM. Growth in CAM has been insignificant (p <0.05) in the last ten years. Conclusion There has been no growth in teaching Complementary and Alternative Medicine in undergraduate medical training in Brazil since the introduction of the new curricular guidelines, even in view of the needs of the health system.
Análise do Acesso à Informação Acadêmica entre Estudantes de Medicina Inseridos numa Metodologia Ativa de Aprendizagem
Authors: Lorena Suélem Barros de , Andrade Mateus de Melo , Arcoverde Ângela Melo de Holanda , Vilela Lycia Siqueira , Mota Luciana Rodrigues Alves da , Lorena Sobrinho José Eudes de
Published: October 2019

RESUMO O acesso à informação acadêmica vem se tornando um dos pilares para o protagonismo do estudante no processo de aprendizagem, sendo estratégico analisar o comportamento e manejo frente aos recursos informacionais disponíveis, pertinentes na formação e na excelência de futuros profissionais. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar o comportamento relatado por estudantes de Medicina de uma instituição de ensino superior com metodologia ativa de aprendizagem referente ao acesso a informações acadêmicas, bem como opiniões sobre a construção de conhecimento acadêmico durante a graduação. Realizou-se um estudo observacional transversal e analítico com 274 estudantes do curso de Medicina da Faculdade Pernambucana de Saúde, em Recife (PE). Foi elaborado e validado um questionário específico para a coleta dos dados, analisados descritivamente por meio de frequências absolutas e percentuais para as variáveis categóricas e das medidas. Para avaliar associação entre duas variáveis categóricas foi utilizado o Teste Qui-Quadrado de Pearson e o Teste Exato de Fisher. O projeto de pesquisa foi aprovado pelo comitê de ética e respeitou as exigências éticas. Entre os pesquisados, 52,8% utilizavam meios eletrônicos de estudo isoladamente, enquanto 37,7% deles assinalaram que manuseavam conjuntamente meios eletrônicos e impressos, e 9,4% citaram apenas meios impressos. Em relação às formas de estudo com que o aluno mais se identifica, as assertivas assinaladas por um grupo majoritário dos discentes foram “livros online (PDF, Word, Epub, etc.)” e “livros em papel” (81,9% e 68,3%, respectivamente). Sobre o questionamento acerca da utilização de bases de dados eletrônicas na rotina acadêmica de estudos, a maioria (67,9%) dos alunos respondeu positivamente ao enunciado. Entre as bases de dados mais citadas, encontram-se SciELO (86,7%) e PubMed (70,6%). Ao se avaliar o acesso à informação científica entre estudantes de Medicina, foi visto que, embora a maioria dos alunos utilize bases de dados eletrônicas em sua rotina acadêmica, mais da metade não havia recebido treinamento relacionado às técnicas de pesquisa bibliográfica: a maioria havia aprendido com a prática. Os estudantes pesquisados, em quase sua totalidade, concordam sobre a importância da prática baseada em evidências na rotina acadêmica, sendo relatado por mais da metade dos alunos que, ao deixarem de buscar informações online, se sentem menos atualizados.
Abordando a Relação Clínica e a Comunicação de Notícias Difíceis com o Auxílio das Artes e dos Relatos Vivos
Authors: Gularte Natiele Dutra Gomes , Velho Maria Teresa Aquino de Campos , Gonçalves Kelly Carvalho Silveira , Beschoren Nagele Fatica
Published: October 2019

RESUMO Introdução A Relação Clínica (RC) é um termo mais abrangente do que relação médico-paciente e, atualmente, tem sido utilizado para descrever o contato da equipe de saúde com o paciente e seus familiares, além da interação da equipe entre si. Para estabelecer relações interpessoais satisfatórias, é importante reunir habilidades de comunicação e empatia, que têm um papel-chave na RC. No entanto, tais temas acabam sendo pouco discutidos durante a formação médica, em detrimento de um estudo mais focado em doenças e tratamentos. Rígidos protocolos e diretrizes têm tomado grande espaço dos currículos de graduação médica, deixando menos tempo para a discussão de temas mais abstratos, relacionados às humanidades e à subjetividade dos pacientes, visão que faz parte da realidade das pessoas. Objetivos Propiciar espaços e referenciais teóricos para a discussão de temas menos abordados no currículo médico e incentivar a importância da comunicação e empatia nos processos de saúde/doença. Métodos Diante da importância de proporcionar aos alunos de Medicina vivências humanizadoras, propusemos a realização de oficinas teórico-práticas e conduzimos uma pesquisa qualitativa com o intuito de avaliar a percepção dos estudantes sobre o ensino-aprendizagem de temas do escopo da RC. Ao todo, participaram do projeto 33 alunos a partir do quarto semestre do curso de Medicina, por adesão voluntária, após convite distribuído via correio eletrônico. Foram ofertadas seis oficinas teórico-práticas, executadas em um trabalho com grupos pequenos e abordando temas como: empatia, luto, cuidados paliativos, final de vida e comunicação de notícias difíceis. As técnicas para coleta dos dados foram a realização de dois grupos focais ao final dos seis encontros e a observação participante, cujos apontamentos eram tomados num diário de campo. Resultados A análise de conteúdo (Bardin, 2011) foi o método escolhido para estudo dos resultados, após transcritas e analisadas as falas dos grupos. No final da análise, emergiram quatro categorias principais (e cinco subcategorias), das quais destacamos duas que serão discutidas neste artigo: “A arte, o cinema e a literatura evocam os sentimentos: buscando o humanismo” e “As notícias difíceis na visão dos pacientes – as experiências vivas”. Para isso, foram utilizadas metodologias ativas, como trabalho em pequenos grupos, uso de vídeos e trechos de filmes, músicas, relatos, leitura de textos e rodas de conversas. Conclusão Os depoimentos dos participantes demonstraram satisfação com as temáticas e metodologias propostas. Dessa forma, analisamos o auxílio de tais técnicas para sensibilizar os alunos, levando-os a refletir sobre a importância da empatia e da comunicação no atuar dos médicos e equipe de saúde, desenvolvendo habilidades de relação interpessoal.