bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tutorial: The Speech-Language Pathologist's Role in Return to Work for Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Meulenbroek Peter , O'Neil-Pirozzi Therese M. , Sohlberg McKay Moore , Lemoncello Rik , Byom Lindsey , Ness Bryan , MacDonald Sheila , Phillips Brian
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Return to work (RTW) is a major life participation metric used for persons with a traumatic brain injury (TBI). Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) have clinical expertise in the cognitive-communication aspects of TBI. This clinical focus article aims to support the clinical practice of SLPs by summarizing key interprofessional vocational rehabilitation (VR) models and illustrating the role of the SLP throughout the RTW process with a case study.

Method:

This clinical focus article was written by the Academy of Neurologic Communication Disorders and Sciences TBI Research Group along with a VR expert. Authors engaged in deliberative, agenda-based discussions beginning with a literature review based on previous systematic studies. Discussions explored relevant VR and SLP practices.

Results:

This clinical focus article presents key VR models in parallel with SLP assessment and treatment to illustrate best practice patterns in an RTW field with a dearth of SLP-specific literature. We summarize general VR approaches and four evidence-supported VR models for adults with TBI. We highlight how a model of interprofessional assessment can assist with planning and communication of important work-related concerns. We illustrate how the chronological model of work return can assist with developing goals and planning treatment.

Conclusions:

SLPs play an important role in identifying, managing, and collaborating with an RTW team following TBI. A working knowledge of VR models can assist with improving the dialogue between SLPs and VR professionals and can inform practice when working with persons with TBI who have work return as a goal.
Is Old Age Just a Number in Language Skills? Language Performance and Its Relation to Age, Education, Gender, Cognitive Screening, and Dentition in Very Old Finnish Speakers
Authors: Alantie Sonja , Tyrkkö Jukka , Makkonen Tanja , Renvall Kati
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

This study reports on how very old (VO) Finnish people without dementia perform in the Western Aphasia Battery (WAB) and two verbal fluency tasks and which demographic factors predict the performance.

Method:

The study included fifty 80- to 100-year-old community-dwelling Finnish speakers with no dementing illnesses or speech-language disabilities, who completed the WAB and two verbal fluency tasks. Multifactorial statistical analyses with recursive partitioning were carried out to determine the significant predictors out of five predictor variables (age, gender, education, dentition, and Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE]) for four response variables (WAB Aphasia Quotient [AQ], Language Quotient [LQ], semantic, and phonemic word fluencies).

Results:

Overall, individual variation was notable in VO speakers. All predictor variables were statistically significantly associated with one or more of the language skills. Age was the most significant predictor; the critical age of 85–86 years was associated with a decline in WAB-AQ and semantic fluency. Poor dentition and the MMSE score both predicted a decline in WAB-LQ and phonemic fluency. A high level of education was positively associated with the skills of the best-performing individuals in WAB-AQ, WAB-LQ, and semantic fluency.

Conclusions:

VO age is a significant factor contributing to language performance. However, a younger age, a good cognitive performance, intact teeth, and a higher educational level also seem to have a preservative power as regards language skills. Gender differences should be interpreted with caution. The results of this study provide culture- and language-specific normative data, which aids in differentiating typical aging from the signs of acute or degenerative neuropathology to ensure appropriate medical and therapeutic interventions.
The Rise of Social Media and Digital Content in Auditory Rehabilitation: Quantifying the Reach and Effectiveness of New Distribution Channels
Authors: Kroll Nicholas , Claridge Rebecca , Teakle Natalie
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of actively distributing auditory rehabilitation materials through digital channels, with a focus on quantifying overall reach and qualifying user experience. The secondary aim was to assess users' experience and satisfaction with each platform.

Method:

A retrospective analysis of website traffic to two digital properties: (a) a blog where readers may comment on articles (with active distribution through social media) and (b) a static website with no comment function (with passive organic distribution) from March 2017 to October 2018 was performed. Two key metrics were analyzed across these pages: users and pageviews.

Results:

The blog received 48.4% more users and 97.0% more pageviews than the static website over the entire 20-month study period. Users were significantly more satisfied with the ease of finding the information and its quality via the blog.

Conclusions:

We conclude that social media–focused active distribution was indeed effective because it resulted in more total traffic, a greater number of users, more frequent access, and an overall high level of satisfaction with the quality of information and resources. This may have useful implications for improving the distribution of educational health care resources through digital channels.
Job Satisfaction of Arab Speech-Language Pathologists in Different Work Settings in Kuwait Using the Job Satisfaction Survey
Authors: Al-Khaledi Maram
Published: December 2021

Purpose:

Job satisfaction impacts employee work performance, productivity, and retention. We investigated levels of job satisfaction among Arab speech-language pathologists (SLPs) across different work settings in Kuwait. The aims were to determine the differences between work settings for SLPs in terms of job satisfaction and the reasons behind SLPs' migration from one setting to another and to identify the variables that contribute significantly to job satisfaction in each work setting.

Method:

A 36-item Job Satisfaction Survey (JSS) questionnaire was used to evaluate job satisfaction based on responses to a 6-point Likert-type scale distributed to SLPs across school, hospital, and private clinic settings. Overall JSS score and subscale category ratings were computed and compared between different work settings to assess the influence of variables such as pay, promotion, supervision, benefits, and nature of work on job satisfaction among SLPs working in Kuwait.

Results:

According to JSS normative data, the highest job satisfaction scores were obtained from SLPs working in private clinics, with average satisfaction scores among those working in government, school, and medical settings. The highest job satisfaction scores for supervision, coworkers, and nature of work subscale categories were similar for SLPs in each setting. The lowest satisfaction scores of subscale categories differed between settings: “promotion” in schools, “fringe benefits” in government medical settings, and “operating conditions” in private clinics.

Conclusions:

While the need exists to attract SLPs to work in government medical settings (hospitals and clinics) in Kuwait, increased opportunity for professional development courses that are relevant to the discipline, and improved communication among SLPs and departmental heads, is necessary to both attract and retain them. Changes in the government setting need to be made in order to prevent the migration of SLPs from government hospitals to private hospitals where they are desperately needed.
An integrated market solution to enable active distribution network to provide reactive power ancillary service using transmission–distribution coordination
Authors: Chen Houhe , Li Haoyuan , Lin Chuqiao , Jin Xiaolong , Zhang Rufeng , Li Xue
Published: December 2021

The active distribution network (ADN) can provide the reactive power ancillary service (RPAS) to improve the operations of the transmission network operations (such as voltage control and network loss reduction) as distribution generation grows. In this context, an RPAS market is required to motivate the ADN to provide the RPAS to the transmission network since the transmission system operator (TSO) and the distribution system operator (DSO) are different entities. Hence, to obtain the TSO–DSO coordination in the RPAS market, this study proposes a two‐stage market framework on the basis of the successive clearing of the energy and RPAS markets. Additionally, a distributed market‐clearing mechanism based on an alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) is adopted to guarantee TSO's and DSO's information privacy. Furthermore, a binary expansion (BE) method is used to linearise the non‐convex bilinear terms in the market‐clearing model. The effectiveness of the proposed RPAS market framework and distributed market‐clearing mechanism is validated using two different test systems with different system scales.
Isolated culture of A. reptance L., its’ morphological and growth features
Authors: Poghosyan Elen , Sahakyan Naira , Petrosyan Margarit , Batlutskaya Irina , Trchounian Karen
Published: December 2021

A growing demand for the ecologically pure products brings us for searching novel biotechnological approaches for plant cultivation. One of these approaches is the in vitro cultivation and further acclimatization of valuable plant species. The object of our investigation was Ajugareptance L. ornamental plant which possesses high metabolic activity. In vitro cultivation was carried out applying Murashige-Skoog nutrient medium and its modifications. Acclimatization of in vitro plants was implemented according Hazarika. In the presence of twice higher concentration of cytokinins over auxins and 0.2 mg/ml gibberellins callus culture was formed from the leaf explants. Callus tissue was formed in the presence of 0.2 mg/ml kinetin and 2 mg/ml indole-3-acetic acid which has denser structure than the first one. The shoot formation was observed on callus cultures growing on the same medium approximately after 5th passage. Callus culture growth was supported also by the adding of 2 mg/ml 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid. For the micropropagation, the already formed shoots were transferred to the nutrient medium which contains only 0.1 mg/ml 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid as a phytohormone. A. reptans culture has high regenerative ability and the micro-propagation index was 104 – 105. In vitro regenerated plants were successfully acclimatized to the soil conditions during two-week period.
Effect of increasing doses of Pb and Cd salts for growth and development of sprouts of seed peas (Pisum sativum) and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum)
Authors: Scorbach Valentina , Kurkina Yulia , Maklakov Danil
Published: December 2021

The aim of the study was to study the effect of increasing doses of Cd and Pb salts on the morphometric parameters of pea and wheat seedlings. The problem of protecting the biosphere from chemical pollution, which is caused by the development of industry, transport, agricultural chemization, and intensive urbanization, is becoming increasingly important at the present time. This problem has become particularly acute due to the pollution of the environment with heavy metals. The most dangerous environmental pollutants among heavy metals are cadmium and lead. As a result, the negative impact of heavy metals on the initial stages of growth and development of seed peas (Pisum sativum L.) and soft wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).
Nutrition value of Viburnum L. (Adoxaceae) fruits
Authors: Sorokopudov Vladimir , Kuklina Alla , Sakhonenko Alexey , Sorokopudova Olga , Nazaryuk Nadezhda
Published: December 2021

The study of the chemical composition of fruits and seeds in some types of viburnum fruits and the identification of chemical elements localization in their various parts by the energy-dispersion analysis on an electronic ion-raster scanning microscope Quanta 200 3D are presented in this contribution. Elemental analysis of fruits and seeds of viburnum species allowed, for the first time, identifying 10 chemical elements in their composition, and these are oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sodium, magnesium, silicon, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium and calcium. Different parts of fruits and seeds differ in the percentage of individual chemical elements in them.
Consumer properties of potatoes districted in the Moscow region
Authors: Vasyukova Anna , Moshkin Alexandr , Lubetskaya Tanzila
Published: December 2021

The paper considers the potato cultivars of various starch concentration grown in the central part of the country. The aim of the study is to determine the out-come of the product and the consumer properties of different potato cultivars. The objects of the investigation were the following potato cultivars in the Moscow region.
Pilot-scale Culture of adventitious Root for the Production of pharmacology active from medicinal plants: a Mini Review
Authors: Ho Thanh-Tam , Ha Thi My Ngan , Nguyen Thi Kim Cuc , Do Le Thanh
Published: December 2021

Plant tissue culture technology is a technique for aseptic culture of plant tissues under artificial culture conditions. It can be used as a means to directly mass-produce of bioactive compounds from different culture systems such as adventitious roots (ARs), hairy root, callus, somatic embryogenesis of medicinal plants. ARs cultures show high root proliferation, biomass production and have the potential to synthesize specific bioactive compounds. ARs can be induced in vitro from various explants, such as leaves, roots, stem, petiole callus, etc. Various parameters such as auxins, nitrous oxide, and light have shown to affect the morphogenesis of ARs. Air-lift bioreactors appear to be ideal for plant cell and organ cultures. They are suitable for the ARs culture of various medicinal plants. To scale-up ARs cultures, the Balloon type bubble bioreactor (BTBB) is reported to be a suitable system for the accumulation of both biomass and bioactive compounds production in numerous various medicinal plants. BTBB provides optimum conditions for growth and bioactive compound accumulation by efficiently controlling the culture environment, foam generation, reducing shear stress, and supplying optimal oxygen. This review summarized a strategy and approach for ARs culture for the production of biomass and secondary metabolites from laboratory to industrial scales by using air-lift bioreactor culture systems.
Research status of semi-permanent release agent
Authors: Liang Bo , Zhang Zhonghuan , Yin Tong , Yang Shuai , Shao Junpeng , Manchester William
Published: December 2021

According to the composition of substances, release agent can be divided into organic and inorganic two types, inorganic release agent includes mica powder, graphite powder, etc., organic release agent mainly includes organic silicon, organic fluorin. According to the service life, release agent can be divided into one-time release agent and semi-permanent release agent. This paper introduced several kinds of releasing agent, summarized and analyzed the advantages of semi-permanent release agent and the present situation of domestic and foreign research, and prospected the future of release agent.
Discussion on the Key Links in the Process of Building Material Quality Inspection and Testing
Authors: Sun Zhixin
Published: December 2021

With the development of the construction industry, the applied building materials are becoming more and more diversified. As we all know, the performance and quality of the building materials themselves will have a direct impact on the quality of the construction project, which is related to the usability and safety of the construction project. If the quality of building materials cannot be inspected effectively, the probability of safety accidents in construction projects will be greatly increased, which will seriously threaten people’s lives and property. This article analyzes the development process of building material testing and testing, and on the basis of summarizing the importance of building material testing and testing, it analyzes several key aspects of building material testing and testing.
Lewis Acid Combined with Microwave Converts Hemicellulose and Cellulose in Cane Pith into 5-Hydroxymethyl furfural and Glucose
Authors: du Kun , Zeng Yufeng , Qin Ronghuan
Published: December 2021

The paper using sugarcane pith as a raw material, the feasibility of aluminum hydroxide Lewis acid combined with microwave conditions to be used as a resource was investigated.Under the conditions of the combination of stellate acid and microwave, the 5-hydroxymethyl furfural (5-HMF) in 0.9% of the liquid phase product can be detected, and its low yield of 0.9% is worthy of further improvement. Economic analysis shows that the added value of 5-HMF produced by Lewis acid combined with microwave is as high as about 30,000 yuan per ton, and the prospect of resource utilization is huge. Use oxalic acid to hydrolyze the remaining cellulose and hemicellulose after 5-HMF is prepared from sugarcane pith to glucose, which is used in food and related products. It has very important application value in the industry. In this paper, the hemicellulose in cane pith is converted to 5-HMF under microwave reaction conditions, and then the remaining residue of the reaction is hydrolyzed with oxalic acid to produce glucose, which provides theoretical basis and technical support for further research on the high-value utilization of sugar cane pith in the future.
Analysis and optimization of positioning scheme for machining 2.5mm groove
Authors: Yu Huan
Published: December 2021

The front bracket of a certain type studied in this subject is a part of the braking system and plays an important role in the braking system. The main parts of the front support are grooved surface, 44.3mm cylindrical surface, M16 threaded hole plane, M16 threaded hole and Ф 12 holes and 2.5mm grooves. These parts are matched with the brake plate, so they have high dimensional accuracy and geometric accuracy. The main content of this paper is to optimize the positioning scheme of the front support when the machining height is 2mm groove, and improve the machining accuracy of 2mm groove.
L’imagerie in vivo
Authors: Bécot Anaïs , Corona Maribel Lara , van Niel Guillaume
Published: December 2021

Les vésicules extracellulaires interviennent dans un nombre croissant de processus physiopathologiques et constituent des outils cliniques prometteurs pour le diagnostic et le traitement de diverses maladies. Leur petite taille a longtemps entravé leur étude in situ, ce qui a limité leur caractérisation in vivo et leur utilisation en clinique. Les avancées récentes en imagerie permettent à présent d’examiner et de suivre les vésicules extracellulaires dans différents modèles animaux, en temps réel et à l’échelle de la vésicule unique. Le poisson zèbre apparaît notamment comme un organisme modèle pertinent pour explorer le cycle de vie de ces vésicules in vivo et évaluer leurs potentialités thérapeutiques.
A simplified mathematical model for total temperature rise calculation in non-oriented silicon steel cold rolling deformation zone
Authors: Han Guomin , Li Hongbo , Liu Yujin , Zhang Jie , Kong Ning , Hu Zhiyuan , Liu Lei
Published: December 2021

In tandem cold rolling, the control of the temperature of high-grade non-oriented silicon steel is a difficult problem for its large deformation resistance and the preheating procedure before rolling. And it is complicated to calculate the total temperature rise of rolling deformation zone due to the comprehensive influence of the plastic deformation heat, the friction heat and the contact heat loss. So, to precisely calculate the total temperature rise, firstly, based on the four classical cold rolling force formulas, the initial total temperature rise calculation models are established correspondingly by theoretically analyzing the temperature rise of deformation heat, the temperature rise of friction heat and the temperature drop of contact heat loss; then, the model based on the improved Lian rolling force formula is adopted, which leads to calculated best matching the measured temperature; finally, considering the complex formula calculation of the initial model, based on the influences of different rolling parameters on the total temperature rise, a simplified model for convenient calculation is proposed by the nonlinear regression analysis of the initial model calculation results and main rolling parameters, which is convenient for the actual application by the field technicians.
Reduction in opioid use with perioperative non-pharmacologic analgesia in total knee arthroplasty and ACL reconstruction: a systematic review
Authors: Juncker Ryan B , Mirza Faisal M , Gagnier Joel J
Published: December 2021

Introduction: The world’s opioid epidemic has gotten increasingly severe over the last several decades and projects to continue worsening. Orthopedic surgery is the largest contributor to this epidemic, accounting for 8.8% of postoperative opioid dependence cases. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction are commonly performed orthopedic operations heavily reliant on opioids as the primary analgesic in the peri- and immediate postoperative period. These downfalls highlight the pressing need for an alternate, non-pharmacologic analgesic to reduce postoperative opioid use in orthopedic patients. The presented systematic review aimed to analyze and compare the most promising non-pharmacologic analgesic interventions in the available literature to guide future research in such a novel field. Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, Cochrane, and Web of Science was performed for studies published before July 2020 based on the PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) guidelines, and the obtained manuscripts were evaluated for inclusion or exclusion against strict, pre-determined criteria. Risk-of-bias and GRADE (grades of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation) assessments were then performed on all included studies. Results: Six studies were deemed fit for inclusion, investigating three non-pharmacologic analgesics: percutaneous peripheral nerve stimulation, cryoneurolysis, and auricular acupressure. All three successfully reduced postoperative opioid use while simultaneously maintaining the safety and efficacy of the procedure. Discussion: The results indicate that all three presented non-pharmacologic analgesic interventions are viable and warrant future research. That said, because of its slight advantages in postoperative pain control and operational outcomes, cryoneurolysis seems to be the most promising. Further research and eventual clinical implementation of these analgesics is not only warranted but should be a priority because of their vast potential to reduce orthopedics surgeries’ contribution to the opioid epidemic.
The Effects of Match Congestion on Physical Performance in Football
Referees
Authors: Moreno-Perez Víctor , Courel-Ibáñez Javier , Del Coso Juan , Sánchez-Sánchez Javier
Published: December 2021

We examined the changes in performance during congested (two matches within a
7-day interval) and non-congested (one match within≥7-day interval)
fixtures in 17 elite football (soccer) referees during 181 official matches.
External demands comprised 20 GPS-based metrics. Internal load was assessed by
heart rate and rating of perceived exertion. Compared to non-congested fixtures,
referees decreased their running distance at
21–24 km·h−1
(p=0.027, effect size [ES]=0.41) and
> 24 km·h−1
(p=0.037, ES=0.28), the number of sprints
(p=0.012, ES=0.29), and distance sprinting
(p=0.022, ES=0.29) in congested matches. Most play
metrics were lower in congested versus non-congested fixtures with
low-to-moderate ES. During the 2nd half of non-congested fixtures, referees
covered larger distances at low-speed running (p=0.025,
ES=0.47). Match congestion due to officiating two matches less than a
week apart caused a notable decrease in match running activity in professional
football referees, especially at above
21 km·h−1. These data reiterate the need
for specific conditioning and post-match recovery strategies in high-level
referees to ensure optimal judgment performance favouring the quality of the
competition. Governing bodies should take these outcomes into account when
designating referees for a match.
Best Practice Guideline – DEGUM Recommendations on Breast Ultrasound
Authors: Bader Werner , Vogel-Minea Claudia Maria , Blohmer Jens-Uwe , Duda Volker , Eichler Christian , Fallenberg Eva , Farrokh André , Golatta Michael , Gruber Ines , Hackelöer Bernhard-Joachim , Heil Jörg , Madjar Helmut , Marzotko Ellen , Merz Eberhard , Müller-Schimpfle Markus , Mundinger Alexander , Ohlinger Ralf , Peisker Uwe , Schäfer Fritz K. W. , Schulz-Wendtland Ruediger , Solbach Christine , Warm Mathias , Watermann Dirk , Wojcinski Sebastian , Hahn Markus
Published: December 2021

For many years, breast ultrasound has been used in addition to mammography as an important method for clarifying breast findings. However, differences in the interpretation of findings continue to be problematic 1
2. These differences decrease the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound after detection of a finding and complicate interdisciplinary communication and the comparison of scientific studies 3. In 1999, the American College of Radiology (ACR) created a working group (International Expert Working Group) that developed a classification system for ultrasound examinations based on the established BI-RADS classification of mammographic findings under consideration of literature data 4. Due to differences in content, the German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) published its own BI-RADS-analogue criteria catalog in 2006 3. In addition to the persistence of differences in content, there is also an issue with formal licensing with the current 5th edition of the ACR BI-RADS catalog, even though the content is recognized by the DEGUM as another system for describing and documenting findings. The goal of the Best Practice Guideline of the Breast Ultrasound Working Group of the DEGUM is to provide colleagues specialized in senology with a current catalog of ultrasound criteria and assessment categories as well as best practice recommendations for the various ultrasound modalities.
Nicht-kleinzelliges Lungenkarzinom
Authors: Schmale Ine
Published: December 2021

Die Fortschritte in der Behandlung des nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinoms (NSCLC) betreffen nicht nur neue Therapieregime, sondern auch bekannte Substanzen. Beim ESMO 2021 wurden Auswertungen der Studien BEVERLY und IMpower010 präsentiert, die Therapieoptionen für selektierte Patienten in der ersten Therapielinie sowie in der adjuvanten Behandlung beleuchten.
Challenges in the Management of Lung Cancer: Real-World Experience from a Tertiary Center in South India
Authors: Gopal Vishnu , Dubashi Biswajit , Kayal Smita , Penumadu Prasanth , Rajaram Manju , Karunanithi Gunaseelan , Adithan Subathra , Toi Pampa Ch , Ganesan Prasanth
Published: December 2021

Lung cancer is one of the most common cancers and an important cause of cancer-related mortality. Recent advances in targeted therapy and immunotherapy have improved outcomes, but these have limited penetration in resource-constrained situations. We report the real-world experience in treating patients with lung cancer in India. A retrospective analysis of baseline characters, treatment and outcomes of patients with lung cancer seen between January 2015 to December 2018 (n = 302) at our center was carried out. Survival data were censored on July 31, 2019. A total of 302 patients (median age: 57 years [range, 23–84 years]; males [n = 203; 67.2%]) were registered. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histology (n = 225, 75%). The testing rate of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) mutation analysis in stage IV adenocarcinoma (n = 191) was 67% and 63%, respectively. Systemic therapy (chemotherapy/gefitinib) was started after a median of 62 days (range, 1–748) from presentation and 38 days (range, 1–219 days) from diagnosis. The median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were 4.3 months (95% CI, 3.2–5.4) and 9.0 months (95% CI, 7.6–10.5), respectively in the 141 patient without targetable mutations who started palliative chemotherapy. Of the 58 patients who tested positive for EGFR mutation, 41 (71%) started an EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), and the median PFS and OS in these patients were 8.5 months (95% CI, 5.6–11.4) and 18.4 months (95% CI, 12.2–24.6), respectively. Only 1 out of 10 patients with stage IV ALK-positive adenocarcinoma was started on ALK inhibitor. On multivariate analysis of OS for patients who started on palliative chemotherapy, response to first-line treatment, long distance from the center, use of second line therapy, and a delay of > 40 days from diagnosis to treatment predicted improved survival. Despite providing free diagnostic and treatment services, there was considerable delay in therapy initiation, and a significant proportion of treatment noninitiation and abandonment. Measures should be taken to understand and address the causes of these issues to realize the benefits of newer therapies The apparent paradox of improved survival in those with long delay in initiation of treatment could be explained based on a less aggressive disease biology.
Dental Caries and Associated Risk Indicators among Married Saudi Women
Authors: Bokhari Syed Akhtar Hussain , Almumtin Kawthar , Alhashiem Wala Mohammed , Albandar Duaa youssef , Alyahya Zainab Nouh , Alsaad Ebtihal
Published: December 2021

Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) experience among married females in Saudi Arabia and provide an exploratory data for subsequent primary prevention.

Materials and Methods A cross-sectional quantitative study was conducted at a general hospital in Hofuf, Saudi Arabia. All married women attending the general hospital from March 1st to April 15th, 2021 were requested to participate. Data was collected on a validated self-reported questionnaire consisting of sociodemographic factors, medical history, dietary pattern, and DMFT. Descriptive and regression analyses were performed using p ≤0.050.

Results Four hundred forty-eight married females with the mean age of 30.81 ± 6.11 years, mean duration of marriage of 9.55 ± 6.58 years, and having average number of children 2.32 ± 1.69 participated in the study. 61.7% mothers had ≥10 years of education. 63.6% were non-working and 56.5% were found with low family income. 66% participants reported of doing exercise less or more often yet 51.7% were ≥overweight. Consumption of energy drinks and dairy products was found significantly associated with increasing number of DMFT. Use of fluoridated toothpaste and dental visits was also found associated with increasing number of dental caries. Increasing age (p = 0.040), increasing number of children, and middle family income were also significantly associated with higher DMFT, respectively (p = 0.002, p = 0.022). In multi-logistic adjusted analysis, only consumption of dairy products, dental visits, and the unsure status of the use of fluoridated toothpaste were significantly associated with DMFT ≥1.

Conclusion DMFT status in married Saudi women was associated with participants' dietary habits, oral health-related practices, family income, married years, and number of children.
A eficácia do ácido tranexâmico tópico em pacientes com fraturas no pescoço femoral submetidos a hemiartroplastia bipolar cimentada: Um ensaio controlado duplo-cego randomizado
Authors: Hongnaparak Theerawit , Binlateh Fatin , Iamthanaporn Khanin , Tanutit Pramot , Yuenyongviwat Varah
Published: December 2021

Objetivo O ácido tranexâmico (TXA) é um antifibrinolítico amplamente utilizado para diminuir as taxas de perda de sangue e de transfusão de sangue na artroplastia total do quadril. No entanto, há evidências limitadas de uso tópico de TXA na hemiartroplastia do quadril para fraturas no pescoço femoral. O presente estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do TXA tópico na perda de sangue e transfusões de sangue em pacientes com fratura femoral que foram submetidos a hemiartroplastia bipolar cimentada.

Métodos Vinte e seis pacientes com fraturas no pescoço femoral e programados para artroplastia cimentada bipolar foram randomizados em dois grupos. O primeiro grupo de 12 pacientes recebeu TXA tópico durante a operação; no segundo grupo, 14 pacientes receberam placebo. O hematócrito foi medido às 6 e 24 horas no pós-operatório. Também foram registradas transfusões de sangue e complicações pós-operatórias.

Resultados A perda total de sangue não foi diferente entre o grupo TXA e o grupo controle (grupo TXA: 459,48 ± 456,32 ml; e grupo controle: 732,98 ± 474,02 ml; p = 0,14). No entanto, não houve pacientes dentro do grupo TXA que necessitaram de transfusão de sangue, enquanto 4 pacientes no grupo controle fizeram transfusões de sangue halogênicas (p = 0,044). Não houve complicações pós-operatórias, tais como complicação da ferida, tromboembolismo venoso ou complicações cardiovasculares dentro de qualquer grupo.

Conclusão O TXA tópico não conseguiu diminuir a perda total de sangue, mas foi capaz de reduzir as taxas de transfusão, em pacientes submetidos a hemiartroplastia de quadril bipolar cimentada em fraturas no pescoço femoral. Outros estudos com doses de TXA tópico em um tamanho amostral maior seriam benéficos.

Nível de Evidência II.
Tratamento da lesão da sindesmose tibiofibular distal associada às fraturas do tornozelo com suture button
Authors: Oliveira Junior Adilson Sanches de , Pigossi Beatriz D'Andrea , Saito Guilherme Honda , Nishikawa Danilo Ryuko Cândido , Mendes Alberto Abussamra Moreira , Prado Marcelo Pires
Published: December 2021

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados obtidos do tratamento cirúrgico das fraturas maleolares do tornozelo associadas a lesão da sindesmose tibiofibular distal (STFD) submetidas a procedimento cirúrgico convencional de fixação da fratura e fixação da STFD pelo suture button (SB).

Métodos Avaliou-se retrospectivamente 49 pacientes com uma média de idade de 45 anos e seguimento médio de 34,1 meses. A avaliação clínica e funcional foi baseada na escala visual analógica (EVA) e na escala American Foot and Ankle Society Score (AOFAS, na sigla em inglês) para tornozelo e retropé, retorno às atividades da rotina e retorno ao esporte.

Resultados As médias pós-operatórias das escalas AOFAS e EVA foram, respectivamente, 97,06 (índice de confiança [IC 95%: 95,31 – 98,81] e 0,16 [IC 95% 0,04 – 0,29]. Todos os pacientes retornaram às atividades prévias do cotidiano, sendo que apenas 12 apresentaram algum sintoma residual. Não se verificou instabilidade pós-operatória em nenhum paciente. Ao todo, 46 pacientes retornaram às atividades desportivas e, destes, apenas 1 não retornou ao nível prévio à lesão. Apenas dois pacientes apresentaram alterações relacionadas ao SB. Não houve relato de insatisfação.

Conclusão Em fraturas maleolares do tornozelo com lesão da STFD, a fixação da sindesmose com o SB demonstrou excelentes resultados pós-operatórios.

Nível de Evidência IV, série de casos retrospectiva.
Factors Affecting 30-Day Mortality following Primary Elective Total Knee Arthroplasty: A Database Study of 326,157 Patients
Authors: Zhai Kevin , Orr Melissa , Grits Daniel , Emara Ahmed K. , Rothfusz Christopher A. , Piuzzi Nicolas S.
Published: December 2021

Despite its rarity, the risk of mortality following primary elective total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is a critical component of surgical decision-making and patient counseling. The purpose of our study was to (1) determine the overall 30-day mortality rate for unilateral primary elective TKA patients, (2) determine the 30-day mortality rates when stratified by age, comorbidities, and preoperative diagnosis, and (3) identify the distribution of (i) patient demographics, (ii) baseline comorbidities, and (iii) preoperative diagnoses between mortality and mortality-free cohorts. A total of 326,157 patients underwent primary elective TKA (2011–2018) were identified through retrospective review of the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database. Patients were divided into 30-day mortality (n = 320) and mortality-free (n = 325,837) cohorts. Patient demographics, preoperative comorbidities, and preoperative diagnoses were compared. Age group, American Society of Anesthesiology (ASA) score, and modified Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) scores were normalized per 1000 and stratified by preoperative diagnosis. The overall mortality rate was 0.098%. Older age (p < 0.001) and male gender (p < 0.001) were associated with increased mortality. There was no association between mortality and race (p = 0.346) or body mass index (BMI) class (p = 0.722). All reported comorbidities except smoking status were significantly greater in the mortality cohort (p < 0.05). For ASA scores of I, II, III, and IV, the number of deaths per 1,000 were 0.16, 0.47, 1.4, and 4.4, respectively. For CCI scores of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, and 6, mortality rates per 1,000 were 0.76, 2.1, 7.0, 11, 29, and 7.6, respectively. Mortality rates for a preoperative diagnosis of osteoarthritis (OA) versus non-OA were, respectively, 0.096% and 0.19% (p < 0.001). Increased age, male gender, increased comorbidity burden, and non-OA preoperative diagnoses are associated with higher rates of 30-day postoperative mortality. There were no significant associations between BMI or race and 30-day mortality. These findings aid in identifying of higher-risk patients, who can then receive appropriate counseling or preoperative interventions to reduce the risk of perioperative mortality.
4 Electroreductive Reactions
Authors: Schiltz P. , Gosmini C.
Published: December 2021

This review covers a variety of electroreductive reactions. A range of catalyzed electroreductive cross-coupling reactions, electroreduction of various functional groups and carbon dioxide, decarboxylation reactions, and oxygen reduction reactions are discussed.
10 Redox Mediators in Organic Electrochemistry
Authors: Francke R. , Prudlik A. , Little R. D.
Published: December 2021

This chapter is intended to serve as a mini-tutorial rather than a comprehensive review. Discussions focus upon fundamental aspects of electrochemically mediated electron transfer. Examples are provided to illustrate the major concepts and a sample procedure is provided.
13 Electrochemistry in Laboratory Flow Systems
Authors: Folgueiras-Amador A. A. , Hodgson J. W. , Brown R. C. D.
Published: December 2021

Organic electrosynthesis in flow reactors is an area of increasing interest, with efficient mass transport and high electrode area to reactor volume present in many flow electrolysis cell designs facilitating higher rates of production with high selectivity. The controlled reaction environment available in flow cells also offers opportunities to develop new electrochemical processes. In this chapter, various types of electrochemical flow cells are reviewed in the context of laboratory synthesis, paying particular attention to how the different reactor environments impact upon the electrochemical processes, and the factors responsible for good cell performance. Coverage includes well-established plane-parallel-plate designs, reactors with small interelectrode gaps, extended-channel electrolysis cells, and highly sophisticated designs with rapidly rotating electrodes to enhance mass transport. In each case, illustrative electrosyntheses are presented.
Active control of a diode laser with injection locking using a laser line filter
Authors: Chen Ziting , Seo Bojeong , Huang Mingchen , Parit Mithilesh K. , Chen Peng , Jo Gyu-Boong
Published: December 2021

We present a simple and effective method to implement an active stabilization of a diode laser with injection locking, which requires minimal user intervenes. The injection-locked state of the diode laser is probed by a photodetector, of which sensitivity is enhanced by a narrow laser-line filter. Taking advantage of the characteristic response of laser power to spectral modes from the narrow laser-line filter, we demonstrate that high spectral purity and low-intensity noise of the diode can be simultaneously maintained by active feedback to the injected laser. Our method is intrinsically cost-effective and does not require bulky devices, such as Fabry–Pérot interferometers or wavemeters, to actively stabilize the diode laser. Based on the successful implementation of this method in our quantum gas experiments, it is conceivable that our active stabilization will greatly simplify potential applications of injection locking of diode lasers in modularized or integrated optical systems.
PandaX-4T cryogenic distillation system for removing krypton from xenon
Authors: Yan Rui , Wang Zhou , Cui Xiangyi , Ju Yonglin , Sha Haidong , Li Shuaijie , Huang Peiyao , Wang Xiuli , Ma Wenbo , Fan Yingjie , Zhao Li , Liu Jianglai , Ji Xiangdong , Zhou Jifang , Shang Changsong , Liu Liqiang
Published: December 2021

An efficient cryogenic distillation system was designed and constructed for the PandaX-4T dark matter detector based on the McCabe–Thiele method and the conservation of mass and energy. This distillation system is designed to reduce the concentration of krypton in commercial xenon from 5 × 10−7 to ∼10−14 mol/mol with 99% xenon collection efficiency at a maximum flow rate of 10 kg/h. The offline distillation operation has been completed and 5.75 tons of ultra-high purity xenon was produced, which is used as the detection medium in the PandaX-4T detector. The krypton concentration of the product xenon is measured with an upper limit of 8.0 ppt. The construction, operation, and stable purification performance of the cryogenic distillation system are studied with the experimental data, which is important for theoretical research and distillation operation optimization.
A non-contact thermal testing system for ultra-thin vapor chamber
Authors: Jiang Xinyue , Chen Anqi , Jiang Fan , Guo Wei , Lv You , Sun Qi , Cui Wei , Lee Fang-Shou , Zhu Yuan
Published: December 2021

An ultra-thin vapor chamber (UTVC) is an efficient heat transfer component that meets the heat dissipation requirement of miniaturized electronic devices. Heat dissipation is one of the most important issues for UTVCs. With decreasing thickness, the mechanical strength of heat pipes and vapor chambers drops dramatically, and inevitable surface damage occurs during conventional contact thermal testing. Here, we demonstrate a non-contact thermal testing method using laser heating and infrared temperature measurement to evaluate the thermal performance of UTVCs. This non-contact method allows UTVCs to reach a steady-state sooner than traditional contact methods. Use of the characteristic thermal resistance is proposed for more straightforward evaluation of the UTVC thermal performance in non-contact testing setups. This non-contact thermal testing method has proved to be an efficient testing method for UTVCs due to its rapidity, accuracy, and non-destructiveness.
MEMS post-processed self-assembled electret for vibratory energy harvesters
Authors: Yamane Daisuke , Kayaguchi Hideyuki , Kawashima Kosuke , Ishii Hisao , Tanaka Yuya
Published: December 2021

Electret-based microelectromechanical system (MEMS) vibratory energy harvesting is a key technology for converting the mechanical energy of environmental vibrations into electricity. Unfortunately, conventional electret charging methods generally rely on high-voltage and high-temperature processes that present limitations to MEMS design and production. Here, we show a MEMS post-processed self-assembled electret (SAE) that enables the integration of electrets with MEMS vibratory devices via evaporation as a post-MEMS process. Owing to the spontaneous orientation of polar molecules, the surface potential of the SAE can build up at room temperature in a microscopic region without charging processes, which enhances the design and fabrication flexibility of electret-based MEMS energy harvesters. We develop a MEMS vibratory device followed by post-processing the SAE and confirm induced electrical currents caused by the electrical field of the SAE at the vibrational input. This SAE-based MEMS technology is a promising design guideline for highly integrated single-chip MEMS vibratory energy harvesters.
Ferroelectric Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 thin films deposited epitaxially on (110)-oriented SrTiO3
Authors: Jiao Peijie , Li Jiayi , Xi Zhongnan , Zhang Xiaoyu , Wang Jian , Yang Yurong , Deng Yu , Wu Di
Published: December 2021

Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 (HZO) thin films have been deposited on (110)-oriented SrTiO3 (STO) substrates buffered with epitaxial La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 (LSMO) by pulsed laser deposition. The HZO/LSMO/STO heterostructures show smooth surface and clear interface. It is observed that ferroelectric orthorhombic HZO is enhanced, as non-polar tetragonal HZO is suppressed with the increasing LSMO thickness or decreasing HZO thickness. Completely orthorhombic HZO films are achieved with desired LSMO and HZO thickness. These HZO films are (111)-oriented with in-plane [2¯11] and [01¯1] directions along LSMO [11¯0] and [001], respectively, and exhibit ferroelectric properties at room temperature with an optimized remanent polarization around 26 μC/cm2 without the need of a wake-up process, a long retention up to 104 s and a fatigue endurance up to 109 cycles. Epitaxial HfO2-based films with robust ferroelectric properties deposited on (110)-oriented STO substrates provide additional opportunities to understand the profound effects of orientation, strain, and interface microstructures on the metastable polar phases and ferroelectric properties of HfO2 thin films.
Ground state chemical potential of parahydrogen clusters of size N = 21–40
Authors: Schmidt Matthew , Roy Pierre-Nicholas
Published: December 2021

We report the ground state chemical potential of parahydrogen clusters between N = 21–40 calculated using the Langevin equation Path Integral Ground State method. There has been much debate in the past whether the chemical potential size evolution in this region is jagged (indicating magic number cluster sizes) or if it is smooth (indicating some quantum melting below 1 K). We compare to previous diffusion Monte Carlo and Path Integral Ground State (PIGS) results, including very recent Variational Path Integral Molecular Dynamics (VPIMD) calculations [S. Miura, J. Chem. Phys. 148, 102333 (2018)]. We find that the ground state chemical potential is not a smooth curve and that magic number clusters are present, consistent with VPIMD and PIGS Monte Carlo results.
Ultra-low energy threshold engineering for all-optical switching of magnetization in dielectric-coated Co/Gd based synthetic-ferrimagnet
Authors: Li Pingzhi , Peeters Mark J. G. , van Hees Youri L. W. , Lavrijsen Reinoud , Koopmans Bert
Published: December 2021

A femtosecond laser pulse is able to switch the magnetic state of a 3d-4f ferrimagnetic material on a pico-second timescale. Devices based on this all-optical switching (AOS) mechanism are competitive candidates for ultrafast memory applications. However, a large portion of the light energy is lost by reflection from the metal thin film as well as transmission to the substrate. In this paper, we explore the use of dielectric coatings to increase the light absorption by the magnetic metal layer based on the principle of constructive interference. We experimentally show that the switching energy oscillates with the dielectric layer thickness following the light interference profile as obtained from theoretical calculations. Furthermore, the switching threshold fluence can be reduced by at least 80% to 0.6 mJ/cm2 using two dielectric SiO2 layers sandwiching the metal stack, which scales to 15 fJ of incident energy for a cell size of 502 nm2.