bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Machine-learning derived identification of prognostic signature to forecast head and neck squamous cell carcinoma prognosis and drug response
Authors: Li Sha-Zhou , Sun Hai-Ying , Tian Yuan , Zhou Liu-Qing , Zhou Tao
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), a highly heterogeneous malignancy is often associated with unfavorable prognosis. Due to its unique anatomical position and the absence of effective early inspection methods, surgical intervention alone is frequently inadequate for achieving complete remission. Therefore, the identification of reliable biomarker is crucial to enhance the accuracy of screening and treatment strategies for HNSCC.

Method

To develop and identify a machine learning-derived prognostic model (MLDPM) for HNSCC, ten machine learning algorithms, namely CoxBoost, elastic network (Enet), generalized boosted regression modeling (GBM), Lasso, Ridge, partial least squares regression for Cox (plsRcox), random survival forest (RSF), stepwise Cox, supervised principal components (SuperPC), and survival support vector machine (survival-SVM), along with 81 algorithm combinations were utilized. Time-dependent receiver operating characteristics (ROC) curves and Kaplan-Meier analysis can effectively assess the model’s predictive performance. Validation was performed through a nomogram, calibration curves, univariate and multivariate Cox analysis. Further analyses included immunological profiling and gene set enrichment analyses (GSEA). Additionally, the prediction of 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) of potential drugs between groups was determined.

Results

From analyses in the HNSCC tissues and normal tissues, we found 536 differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Subsequent univariate-cox regression analysis narrowed this list to 18 genes. A robust risk model, outperforming other clinical signatures, was then constructed using machine learning techniques. The MLDPM indicated that high-risk scores showed a greater propensity for immune escape and reduced survival rates. Dasatinib and 7 medicine showed the superior sensitivity to the high-risk NHSCC, which had potential to the clinical.

Conclusions

The construction of MLDPM effectively eliminated artificial bias by utilizing 101 algorithm combinations. This model demonstrated high accuracy in predicting HNSCC outcomes and has the potential to identify novel therapeutic targets for HNSCC patients, thus offering significant advancements in personalized treatment strategies.
Toll-like receptor 4 plays a vital role in irritable bowel syndrome: a scoping review
Authors: Wan Xuemeng , Wang Liyuan , Wang Zhiling , Wan Chaomin
Published: December 2024

Background

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease. Recently, an increasing number of studies have shown that Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), widely distributed on the surface of a variety of epithelial cells (ECs) and immune sentinel cells in the gut, plays a vital role in developing IBS.

Objectives

We sought to synthesize the existing literature on TLR4 in IBS and inform further study.

Methods

We conducted a systematic search of the PubMed, Embase (Ovid), Scopus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and Cochrane Library databases on June 8, 2024, and screened relevant literature. Critical information was extracted, including clinical significance, relevant molecular mechanisms, and therapeutic approaches targeting TLR4 and its pathways.

Results

Clinical data showed that aberrant TLR4 expression is associated with clinical manifestations such as pain and diarrhea in IBS. Aberrant expression of TLR4 is involved in pathological processes such as intestinal inflammation, barrier damage, visceral sensitization, and dysbiosis, which may be related to TLR4, NF-κB, pro-inflammatory effects, and CRF. Several studies have shown that many promising therapeutic options (i.e., acupuncture, herbs, probiotics, hormones, etc.) have been able to improve intestinal inflammation, visceral sensitization, intestinal barrier function, intestinal flora, defecation abnormalities, and depression by inhibiting TLR4 expression and related pathways.

Conclusion

TLR4 plays a crucial role in the development of IBS. Many promising therapeutic approaches alleviate IBS through TLR4 and its pathways. Strategies for targeting TLR4 in the future may provide new ideas for treating IBS.
Roles of Streptococcus mutans in human health: beyond dental caries
Authors: Fang Yanke , Chen Xin , Chu Chun Hung , Yu Ollie Yiru , He Jinzhi , Li Mingyun
Published: December 2024

Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the main pathogenic bacterium causing dental caries, and the modes in which its traits, such as acid production, acid tolerance, and adhesion that contribute to the dental caries process, has been clarified. However, a growing number of animal experiments and clinical revelations signify that these traits of S. mutans are not restricted to the detriment of dental tissues. These traits can assist S. mutans in evading the immune system within body fluids; they empower S. mutans to adhere not merely to the surface of teeth but also to other tissues such as vascular endothelium; they can additionally trigger inflammatory reactions and inflict damage on various organs, thereby leading to the occurrence of systemic diseases. These traits mostly originate from some correlative findings, lacking a comprehensive evaluation of the impact of S. mutans on systemic diseases. Therefore, this review mainly centers on the dissemination route of S. mutans: “Entering the blood circulation - Occurrence of tissue adhesion - Extensive possible proinflammatory mechanisms - Concentration in individual organs” and analyses the specific effects and possible mechanisms of S. mutans in systemic diseases such as cerebral hemorrhage, inflammatory bowel disease, tumors, and infective endocarditis that have been identified hitherto.
Association between Alzheimer's disease pathologic products and age and a pathologic product-based diagnostic model for Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Zhen Weizhe , Wang Yu , Zhen Hongjun , Zhang Weihe , Shao Wen , Sun Yu , Qiao Yanan , Jia Shuhong , Zhou Zhi , Wang Yuye , Chen Leian , Zhang Jiali , Peng Dantao
Published: December 2024

Background

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has a major negative impact on people's quality of life, life, and health. More research is needed to determine the relationship between age and the pathologic products associated with AD. Meanwhile, the construction of an early diagnostic model of AD, which is mainly characterized by pathological products, is very important for the diagnosis and treatment of AD.

Method

We collected clinical study data from September 2005 to August 2024 from the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI) database. Using correlation analysis method like cor function, we analyzed the pathology products (t-Tau, p-Tau, and Aβ proteins), age, gender, and Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores in the ADNI data. Next, we investigated the relationship between pathologic products and age in the AD and non-AD groups using linear regression. Ultimately, we used these features to build a diagnostic model for AD.

Results

A total of 1,255 individuals were included in the study (mean [SD] age, 73.27 [7.26] years; 691male [55.1%]; 564 female [44.9%]). The results of the correlation analysis showed that the correlations between pathologic products and age were, in descending order, Tau (Corr=0.75), p-Tau (Corr=0.71), and Aβ (Corr=0.54). In the AD group, t-Tau protein showed a tendency to decrease with age, but it was not statistically significant. p-Tau protein levels similarly decreased with age and its decrease was statistically significant. In contrast to Tau protein, in the AD group, Aβ levels increased progressively with age. In the non-AD group, the trend of pathologic product levels with age was consistently opposite to that of the AD group. We finally screened the optimal AD diagnostic model (AUC=0.959) based on the results of correlation analysis and by using the Xgboost algorithm and SVM algorithm.

Conclusion

In a novel finding, we observed that Tau protein and Aβ had opposite trends with age in both the AD and non-AD groups. The linear regression curves of the AD and non-AD groups had completely opposite trends. Through a machine learning approach, we constructed an AD diagnostic model with excellent performance based on the selected features.
Factors impacting human-perceived visual quality on television displays
Authors: Pei Eddie , Lee Hosub , Fedorovskaya Elena , Farnand Susan
Published: December 2024

There is a growing interest in understanding the factors that influence a user's perception and preferences for video quality. This study specifically focuses on how various factors, including video content, display settings, viewer characteristics, and the ambient environment, affect the subjective video quality assessment (VQA) of TV displays. To investigate these factors, two psychophysical experiments were conducted, and the results indicate that all four factors have a significant impact on video quality perception in different ways. This study is beneficial for researchers and developers who aim to improve display and environmental settings to provide viewers with the best possible viewing experience.
Place identity in a personality psychological context: place identity orientation and its validating associations with nature connectedness and pro-environmental behavior
Authors: Berze Iván Zsolt , Dúll Andrea
Published: December 2024

In the frame of the inner–outer (personal–social) dichotomy in theories of social or personality psychology, it is argued in this study that, as a new approach, it is reasonable to examine individual differences in tending to orient toward another outer facet, not just social, i.e., the surrounding socio-physical environment while defining the self-concept—first performing it at the level of place-scaled meaningful settings, thus, interpreting place identity in the context of identity orientations. The present research aimed to theoretically and methodologically support a new concept based on this approach: place identity orientation (PIO). For the latter purpose, the development process of the questionnaire measuring it, which was based on supplementing the Aspects of Identity Questionnaire (AIQ-IV), was completed. In addition, the new construct was validated based on the relationships discussed in literature between place identity, connectedness with a larger-scaled environment, i.e., nature, and pro-environmental behavior (PEB), moreover, identity orientations and behavior. In our first scanning step of validating PIO, a partial mediation between PIO and PEB through nature connectedness was found among 1,281 adults. It suggests that the relative importance of the relationship with places in self-definition has a distinct role in addition to nature connectedness in behaving pro-environmentally. Limitations and future research directions (e.g., using PIO to examine people–environment fit in several settings) are also discussed.
Seroprevalence of measles antibody among immigrants in Gwangju, South Korea
Authors: Lee Ran , Kim Sarah , Na Hyerin , Seo Ji In , Yoon Jang Gwon , Park A Ram , Bae So Hyun , Park So Yeong , Cho Jun Hwi , Kim Jin , Choi Seong-Woo , Kweon Sun-Seog , Sun Bongkyu , Kim Kyunghak , Park Kyung-Hwa , Kim Seong Eun
Published: December 2024

Introduction

Measles remains a public health concern, particularly among populations with suboptimal vaccination coverage, including immigrants. Understanding the seroprevalence of measles antibodies in immigrant populations is essential to inform tailored vaccination strategies and reduce the risk of measles reintroduction.

Methods

This study evaluated measles IgG seroprevalence among 651 immigrants from 30 countries residing in Gwangju, South Korea. Participants were recruited between September 2022 and August 2024, and measles antibody levels were assessed using the LIAISON® XL assay. Statistical analyses included Fisher’s exact and chi-squared tests to identify associations between seropositivity and demographic factors.

Results

Measles antibody positivity rates varied significantly by age group (p < 0.01). Individuals born after 1995 exhibited the lowest seroprevalence (63.7%), while those born in 1964 or earlier were all seropositive (100%). Seroprevalence was particularly low among immigrants from Russia (68.1%), Kazakhstan (70.6%), Ukraine (72.7%), Mongolia (75.5%), and Cambodia (78.1%). Long-term residents demonstrated higher antibody positivity (92.9%) than other visa categories (p < 0.01), and women had higher seropositivity (85.8%) compared to men (80.0%), with a near-significant difference (p = 0.05).

Discussion

The higher seropositivity observed among long-term residents and women is likely due to prior immunization with the MMR (Measles Mumps Rubella) vaccine, which is recommended to prevent congenital rubella syndrome as part of pre-pregnancy vaccination protocols. This study underscores the importance of implementing tailored vaccination programs based on the characteristics of immigrant populations and focusing on countries with low seroprevalence to effectively prevent measles reintroduction.
The use of patient-generated health data in the management of low anterior resection syndrome: a qualitative study
Authors: Monton Olivia , Smith Allister , Sabboobeh Sarah , Demian Marie , Cornish Julie , Wexner Steven D. , Christensen Peter , Ghuman Amandeep , Bordeianou Liliana G. , Keane Celia , Husain Syed , Gasior Alessandra , Leon Natalie , Savard Julie , Savitt Lieba R. , Majgaard Margit , Sørensen Gitte Kjær , Mills Melanie , Rajabiyazdi Fateme , Boutros Marylise
Published: December 2024

Background

The cornerstone of low anterior resection syndrome (LARS) treatment is self-management, which requires patient engagement. Colorectal surgeons and nurses may use patient-generated health data (PGHD) to help guide patients in their use of self-management strategies for LARS. However, the perspectives of LARS experts on the use of PGHD remain largely unexplored. The objective of this study was to explore the perspectives and experiences of LARS experts regarding the use of PGHD in the management of LARS.

Methods

We utilized purposive snowball sampling to identify international LARS experts, including surgeons, nurses, and LARS researchers with knowledge and expertise in LARS. We conducted individual semi-structured interviews with these experts between August 2022 and February 2024. We performed thematic analysis using the framework method to identify domains and associated themes.

Results

Our sample included 16 LARS experts from five countries. Thematic analysis identified four domains and associated themes. The domains included: data collection practices, data review practices, perceived usefulness, and future directions. Within the data collection practices domain, we found that most experts asked LARS patients to collect some form of PGHD, including bowel diaries, patient-reported outcome measures, or both. Within the data review practices domain, we found that both surgeons and nurses reviewed PGHD. Most participants described finding it difficult to interpret the data and identified time constraints, legibility, and completeness as the most common barriers to reviewing data in clinic. In terms of perceived usefulness, data collection was felt to help clinicians understand symptoms and their impact and assist patients with self-management. The future directions domain revealed that most experts felt that a clinical tool in the form of an online app or website to support data collection and enhance data visualization would be useful. Finally, some participants saw promise in leveraging PGHD to inform the creation of automated treatment algorithms for LARS management.

Conclusions

This study highlights many gaps in the processes of patient-generated LARS data collection and review. A clinical tool including various data collection templates and data visualization prototypes could help to address these gaps. Future research will focus on incorporating the patient perspective.
Research on the Mechanical Parameter Identification and Controller Performance of Permanent Magnet Motors Based on Sensorless Control
Authors: Luan Mingchen , Zhang Yun , Ruan Jiuhong , Guo Yongwu , Wang Long , Min Huihui
Published: December 2024

In order to improve the control performance of the position sensorless control system of permanent magnet synchronous motors and to reduce the influence of external uncertainties on the control system, such as inertia ingestion and load disturbance, this paper proposes a novel position sensorless control algorithm for permanent magnet synchronous motors based on an interleaved parallel extended sliding mode observer. Firstly, in order to identify the time-varying moment of inertia, load torque and viscous friction coefficient of the system, a novel interleaved parallel extended sliding mode observer based on a single-observer model is proposed, and a robust activator is designed to reduce the coupling between the parameters to be measured. Then, a new predefined-time sliding mode controller is designed for the face-mounted permanent magnet synchronous motor using sliding film control theory, which improves the response speed and control accuracy of the system. Then, the proposed novel interleaved parallel extended sliding mode observer and predefined-time sliding mode controller are used to design the permanent magnet synchronous motor control system, and the stability of the system is proved using the Lyapunov stability theorem. Finally, through simulation analysis and experimental tests, it is verified that the control strategy proposed in this paper can improve the identification accuracy of the motor parameters, reduce the time of identification, and improve the control accuracy and tracking speed.
Voluntary Social Disclosure in an Emerging Country: The Case of Brazil
Authors: Vale José , Santos Ana , Tavares Maria C. , Bertuzi Rui
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the disclosure extent and quality, as well as the percentage of audited reports, of the Brazilian companies listed on the IBOVESPA stock exchange index and explore some factors that influence disclosure quality. A content analysis of 71 annual sustainability (or similar) and integrated reports was conducted, focused on the social dimension. Multiple linear regression was used to assess the relationship between the disclosure quality index and being audited by a Big Four company, the number of members on the board of directors, the use of the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) standards in the preparation of the reports, and the type of industry. The results suggest that although the disclosure extent is reasonable, its quality is poor. In addition, considering its voluntary nature, the disclosure-auditing index is deemed satisfactory. The results also suggest that the disclosure quality of Brazilian companies is positively and significantly influenced by being audited by a Big Four company, by adopting the GRI standards, by the number of members composing the board of directors, and by belonging to the “Energy and utility” industry. This study contributes to the extant literature by assessing the disclosure extent and quality and the percentage of audited reports of companies in an emerging economy setting—Brazil—and exploring some factors which influence the disclosure quality in emerging countries’ companies, such as auditing by a Big Four company, which has thus far been unexplored. It also contributes to increasing the awareness of the theme among managers.
Multi-Frequency Aeroelastic ROM for Transonic Compressors
Authors: Casoni Marco , Magrini Andrea , Benini Ernesto
Published: December 2024

The accurate prediction of the aeroelastic behavior of turbomachinery for aircraft propulsion poses a difficult yet fundamental challenge, since modern aircraft engines tend to adopt increasingly slender blades to achieve a higher aerodynamic efficiency, incurring an increased aeroelastic interaction as a drawback. In the present work, we present a reduced order model for flutter prediction in axial compressors. The model exploits the aerodynamic influence coefficients technique with the adoption of a broadband frequency signal to compute the aerodynamic damping for multiple reduced frequencies using a single training simulation. The normalized aerodynamic work is computed for a single oscillation mode at three different vibration frequencies, comparing the outputs of aerodynamic input/output models trained with a chirp signal to those from single-frequency harmonic simulations. The results demonstrate the ability of the adopted model to accurately and efficiently reproduce the aerodynamic damping at multiple frequencies and arbitrary nodal diameters with a single simulation.
The Effects of Mineral Supplementation in Rapeseed Cake Diet on Thyroid Function and Meat Quality in Broiler Chickens
Authors: Tóth Tamás , Horváth Rita Éva , Dóka Ottó , Kovács Mihály , Fébel Hedvig
Published: December 2024

Rapeseed is a high-quality protein source; however, its quality primarily depends on the variety, origin, and processing method. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of a mineral supplement (“Peelko”; 27% Ca, 3.5% Mg, 800 mg/kg Fe) in terms of whether it is suitable for reducing the remaining antinutritional substances in cold-pressed rapeseed cake, thereby improving the nutrient content and digestibility of rapeseed. The experiment was carried out with 600 Ross-308 broilers divided into three feeding groups: the control diet contained extracted soybean meal, the R treatment included 10–15% cold-pressed rapeseed cake (in grower and finisher phases), and the R+ treatment consisted of the mineral supplement in addition to the cold-pressed rapeseed cake. R+ had a beneficial effect on the FCR in the grower and finisher feeding phases; moreover, it increased the weight of thyroid glands and the T3 and T4 hormone levels in the blood serum to a lesser extent than R when compared to C (p < 0.05). Diet-specific changes could be observed through the histological examination of thyroid glands, where the acini became larger when the unsupplemented cold-pressed rapeseed cake was fed (R group). Using the mineral supplement (R+ diet) decreased the acinus diameter compared to the R diet, with a similar value to that observed in control birds. The protein content in the breast and fat content in the thigh showed milder changes in R+ than R, compared to C (p < 0.05). The relative ratio of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids narrowed in both R and R+ meat samples compared to C (p < 0.05). R+ may have a more favorable effect on oxidation processes according to the better MDA values in fresh meat (p < 0.001) and samples after 1–2 months of storage (p < 0.05) than R when compared with C. The negative modifications in the color parameters (L*, a*, and b*) and the organoleptic properties of the meat were less significant with R+ than R, compared to the control (p < 0.05). According to the results of this study, the R+ treatment was able to reduce the antinutritional effects of rapeseed, as evident from the properties of the resulting animal products.
Engineered Miscanthus Biochar Performance as a Broiler Litter Amendment
Authors: Graves Carly , Sharara Mahmoud , Shah Sanjay , Kolar Praveen , Grimes Jesse
Published: December 2024

This study investigates Miscanthus biochar’s potential to reduce ammonia (NH3) emissions in poultry production. Biochar from lignocellulosic biomass has proven a versatile tool in environmental remediation for water, soil, and air quality applications with ample opportunity for inclusion in agricultural systems. Ammonia emissions present a concern for animal/human health and the environment. The impacts of biochar production temperature (400 and 700 °C), organic acid activation (acetic acid, citric acid), and application rate (0.24 and 0.49 kg m−2) on broiler litter NH3 emissions were evaluated. Biochar production parameters, i.e., temperature, and acid type were found to significantly impact its performance as an NH3 control measure. The following factors, ranked by magnitude of impact, were found to statistically impact the NH3 emission rate: biochar application rate (p < 0.001), biochar production temperature (p = 0.003), and lastly acid type (p = 0.007). The best performing biochar was produced at 400 °C, activated with acetic acid, and applied at a high addition rate (0.49 kg m−2). This treatment reduced cumulative NH3 volatilization after 2 weeks by 19.7%.
Advances in Sorghum Improvement for Climate Resilience in the Global Arid and Semi-Arid Tropics: A Review
Authors: Mwamahonje Andekelile , Mdindikasi Zamu , Mchau Devotha , Mwenda Emmanuel , Sanga Daines , Garcia-Oliveira Ana Luísa , Ojiewo Chris O.
Published: December 2024

Sorghum is a climate-resilient crop which has been cultivated as a staple food in the semi-arid areas of Africa and Asia for food and nutrition security. However, the current climate change is increasingly affecting sorghum performance, especially at the flowering stage when water availability is critical for grain filling, thus lowering the sorghum grain yield. The development of climate-resilient, biotic and abiotic stress-tolerant, market-preferred, and nutrient-dense sorghum varieties offers a potentially cost-effective and environmentally sustainable strategy for adapting to climate change. Some of the common technologies for sorghum improvement include mass selection, single seed descent, pure line selection, and marker-assisted selection, facilitated by backcrossing and genotyping using molecular markers. In addition, recent advancements including new machine learning algorithms, gene editing, genomic selection, rapid generation advancement, and recycling of elite material, along with high-throughput phenotyping tools such as drone- and satellite-based images and other speed-breeding techniques, have increased the precision, speed, and accuracy of new crop variety development. In addition to these modern breeding tools and technologies, enhancing genetic diversity to incorporate various climate resilience traits, including against heat and drought stress, into the current sorghum breeding pools is critical. This review covers the potential of sorghum as a staple food crop, explores the genetic diversity of sorghum, discusses the challenges facing sorghum breeding, highlights the recent advancements in technologies for sorghum breeding, and addresses the perceptions of farmers on sorghum production under the current climate change conditions.
Nickel-Induced Differential Expression of Metallothioneins and Phytochelatin Synthase 1 in Arabidopsis thaliana: Organ-Specific Responses
Authors: Afonseca Ana , Mota Inês , Vasques Gonçalo , Soares Leonel , Flores Mafalda , Azenha Manuel , Teixeira Jorge
Published: December 2024

Metallothioneins (MTs) and phytochelatins (PCs) are small Cys-rich proteins with low molecular mass responsible for detoxifying heavy metals in cells. Arabidopsis thaliana expresses eight metallothionein genes and two types of PCS; however, there is still a need to acquire more knowledge regarding their individual responses to some heavy metals. Thus, it was intended to study the expression of AtMT- and AtPCS1-encoding genes in response to high levels of nickel in wild-type A. thaliana. Seeds of A. thaliana were placed in MS medium supplemented with increasing concentrations of Ni—0 mg L−1, 2.5 mg L−1, 5 mg L−1, 7.5 mg L−1, and 10 mg L−1. After 21 days of exposure, the expression of the AtMTs (1A, 1B, 1C, 2A, 2B, and 3) and AtPCS1 was analysed through RT-qPCR in different plant organs: roots, young leaves, and mature leaves. The concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, hydrogen peroxide, and reduced glutathione were also evaluated, but no significant changes were observed. The gene expression analysis showed that the seven genes reacted differentially to the varying concentrations of Ni and in an organ-specific way. It was noted that in roots, the expression of AtMT1A, AtMT1C, and AtMT3 increased starting with the 2.5 mg L−1 treatment. At the same time, the response in the leaves fluctuated more as AtMT1B and AtMT1C increased in young leaves with concentrations higher than 7.5 and 2.5 mg L−1, respectively, with the remaining genes analysed having their expressions decreased starting with 7.5 mg L−1 of Ni. In mature leaves, AtMT1A increased, while AtMT2A, AtMT2B, and AtPCS1 decreased with Ni concentrations starting from 7.5 mg L−1. These results strongly suggest that the increase in the expression of AtMT1B, AtMT1C, and AtMT3 in the roots significantly reduced Ni toxicity, contributing to its local accumulation and buffering its translocation to the shoots. The overall reduction in the expression of MTs and PCS1 in leaves may be linked to the active participation of MT1A in mature leaves, while young leaves depended on the increased production of MT1B and MT1C to deal with the high amount of Ni present therein. These results contribute further knowledge to the understanding of the defence mechanisms of plants against high levels of Ni regarding the participation of MTs and PCS1.
Effect of Subsurface Drip Irrigation on Soil Desalination and Soil Fungal Communities in Saline–Alkaline Sunflower Fields
Authors: Zhang Jiapeng , Qiao Dongmei , Zhang Dongliang , Chi Zhaonan , Fan Xueqin , Cao Lixia , Li Weiping
Published: December 2024

A field experiment was conducted on sunflowers in a mild-to-moderate saline–alkaline area in the Tumochuan Plain irrigation region in China. The experimental design included using surface drip irrigation as a control (CK) and four subsurface drip irrigation treatments at burial depths of 10 cm (D10), 15 cm (D15), 20 cm (D20), and 25 cm (D25) to analyze the effect of the drip irrigation belt burial depth on soil physicochemical properties and soil desalination in the main root zone of saline–alkaline sunflower farmland. Based on macro-genome sequencing technology, the diversity, composition, and structure of soil fungal communities in the main root zone were revealed in response to the depth of drip irrigation. The results show that subsurface drip irrigation treatments improved soil desalination with rates ranging from 15.33% to 26.96%. The D25 treatment achieved an 82.01% higher desalination rate than CK and outperformed D10, D15, and D20 by 43.35%, 13.43%, and 24.89%, respectively, demonstrating the most effective desalination with a 25 cm burial depth under the same water and fertilizer management conditions. Additionally, subsurface drip irrigation enhanced the diversity and abundance of soil fungal communities; the Shannon indices for D15 and D20 were 8.1% and 12.3% higher than that of CK, respectively, whereas the Chao1 indices increased by 21.2% and 17.4%, respectively. During the budding stage, the fungal community in the main root zone (20–40 cm) was dominated by Ascomycetes and Tephritobacterium, with Alternaria being the predominant genus. Notably, the relative abundance of Ascomycetes was 118.8% higher in D25 than in CK. Structural equation modeling quantified the relationships between soil physicochemical properties, with an SMC of 0.94, indicating a model fit within an acceptable range. An SEM analysis revealed that the soil water content (SWC), soil EC, and soil NO3−-N exerted the most significant combined effect on soil fungal composition and diversity. This study examined the effects of the drip irrigation tape burial depth on soil physicochemical characteristics, the fungal community structure, and diversity in the main root zone (20–40 cm) of saline–alkaline sunflower fields under subsurface drip irrigation. This study aims to provide theoretical support for water-saving agricultural practices in saline–alkaline soils. We developed a subsurface drip irrigation method for sunflowers in the lightly to moderately saline–alkaline land in the irrigation area of China’s Tumochuan Plain, and the suitable depth of burial of the drip irrigation belt was 25 cm.
First Investigation of the Spring Dietary Composition of Siberian Musk Deer (Moschus moschiferus) Using Next-Generation Sequencing
Authors: Kim Nari , Kim Areum , Lee Je-Min , Kim Ah-Young , Lee Yujin , Jo Yeonghoon , Kim Kiyoon , Do Kyung-Hyo , Seo Kwang-Won , Yoon Kwang-Bae , Jeong Dong-Hyuk
Published: December 2024

Understanding the dietary composition of the Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is critical for informing conservation efforts, particularly given the species’ vulnerable status in the Republic of Korea and its limited ecological data. Previous dietary studies have relied on conventional methods with limitations in taxonomic precision, hindering comprehensive insights into their feeding ecology. To address this gap, we used Next-Generation Sequencing to analyze 16 fecal samples collected in April from Gangwon Province, the habitat of M. moschiferus. Our results revealed 213 unique plant species, with Morus, Quercus, and Prunus accounting for the majority of the diet. Notably, nearly half of the identified genera, including Morus, Actinidia, and Viscum, were reported for the first time as dietary plants of M. moschiferus. This study confirms that M. moschiferus is a concentrate feeder that primarily relies on woody plants (98.8%) and may exhibit tree-climbing behavior to access parasitic shrubs like Viscum. These findings provide a foundation for future dietary analysis research and serve as valuable baseline data for the long-term conservation of M. moschiferus.
Antioxidant, Anti-Inflammatory, and Anticancer Activities of Five Citrus Peel Essential Oils
Authors: Li Yurong , Li Wenji , Ye Zimao , Ji Chen , Zhou Zhiqin
Published: December 2024

Citrus peel essential oil (CPEO) is favored by people for its aromatic scent, while also possessing numerous bioactive compounds that are advantageous to human health. This study evaluated the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activities of CPEOs through cell experiments. The results showed that CPEOs could increase the activity of the antioxidant enzyme system and nonenzymatic defence system in H2O2-treated RAW 264.7 cells by reducing cellular lipid peroxidation. CPEOs also reduced the nitric oxide production induced by lipopolysaccharide treatment in RAW 264.7 cells while decreasing proinflammatory cytokines expression and increasing anti-inflammatory cytokine expression. Wound healing assays, flow cytometry, and quantitative real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) revealed that CPEOs could induce apoptosis in U87 cells through the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. These findings indicate that CPEOs possess excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer activity potential, making them suitable for use in functional antioxidant and anti-inflammatory foods and nutritional health products.
Relevant Serum Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Biomarkers in Type 2 Diabetes and Its Complications: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Villafan-Bernal José Rafael , Barajas-Olmos Francisco , Guzmán-Guzmán Iris Paola , Martínez-Hernández Angélica , Contreras-Cubas Cecilia , García-Ortiz Humberto , Morales-Rivera Monserrat I. , Martínez-Portilla Raigam Jafet , Orozco Lorena
Published: December 2024

Endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) is activated in all cells by stressors such as hyperglycemia. However, it remains unclear which specific serum biomarkers of ERS are consistently altered in type 2 diabetes (T2D). We aimed to identify serum ERS biomarkers that are consistently altered in T2D and its complications, and their correlation with metabolic and anthropometric variables. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) and Meta-Analyses and Systematic Reviews of Observational Studies (MOOSE). The risk of bias was assessed using the Newcastle–Ottawa scale. Random-effects models weighted by the inverse variance were employed to estimate the standardized mean difference and correlations as effect size measures. Indicators of heterogeneity and meta-regressions were evaluated. Of the 1206 identified studies, 22 were finally included, representing 11,953 subjects (2224 with T2D and 9992 non-diabetic controls). Most studies were of high quality. Compared with controls, subjects with T2D had higher circulating levels of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70; SMD: 2.30, 95% CI 1.13–3.46; p < 0.001) and secretagogin (SMD: 0.60, 95%CI 0.19–1.01; p < 0.001). They also had higher serum levels of peroxiredoxin-1, -2, -4, and -6. Secretagogin inversely correlated with HOMA-IR, yet positively correlated with HOMA-B, HbA1c, and FPG. PRX4 negatively correlated with HbA1c and FPG, while HSP70 positively correlated with HbA1c. In conclusion, six ERS biomarkers are consistently elevated in human T2D and correlate with glycemic control, insulin resistance, and β-cell function. Emerging evidence links serum ERS biomarkers to diabetes complications, but further research should evaluate their prognostic implications.
Development of a Herb-Based Dietary Ingredient with Potential Nootropic Properties: From Bench to Bedside
Authors: Navarro Pau , Meissner Justyna , Mullor José Luis , Caturla Nuria , Jones Jonathan
Published: December 2024

Cognitive decline is a natural process that occurs during aging. Several natural solutions called nootropics exist that can help mitigate this process. However, in some cases, there is a lack of scientific evidence on their potential mechanisms and efficacy. To this end, a total of nine different herb extracts with potential nootropic activity were evaluated. These herb extracts were tested in human neural stem cell cultures exposed to oxidative stress, where reactive oxygen/nitrogen species, cell survival and trophic factor expression were analyzed. Of these extracts, Salvia officinalis (sage) was observed to possess the most significant effect. Its combination with rutin demonstrated additional benefits than with only sage. A randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled clinical study was then performed, testing the effects of the combination at two different doses for 12 weeks in healthy volunteers aged 50+ with mild cognitive impairment. As a result, the blend significantly improved several characteristics related to memory, particularly memory recall, with a more noticeable effect in the higher dose. Therefore, this study reveals the potential nootropic effect of a blend comprising Salvia officinalis and rutin. This blend could be a candidate dietary ingredient with potential nootropic properties.
Downscaling of Remote Sensing Soil Moisture Products That Integrate Microwave and Optical Data
Authors: Wang Jie , Xue Huazhu , Dong Guotao , Yuan Qian , Zhang Ruirui , Jing Runsheng
Published: December 2024

Soil moisture is a key variable that affects ecosystem carbon and water cycles and that can directly affect climate change. Remote sensing is the best way to obtain global soil moisture data. Currently, soil moisture remote sensing products have coarse spatial resolution, which limits their application in agriculture, the ecological environment, and urban planning. Soil moisture downscaling methods rely mainly on optical data. Affected by weather, the spatial discontinuity of optical data has a greater impact on the downscaling results. The synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter coefficient is strongly correlated with soil moisture. This study was based on the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform, which integrated Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) optical and SAR backscattering coefficients and used machine learning methods to downscale the soil moisture product, reducing the original soil moisture with a resolution of 10 km to 1 km and 100 m. The downscaling results were verified using in situ observation data from the Shandian River and Wudaoliang. The results show that in the two study areas, the downscaling results after adding SAR backscattering coefficients are better than before. In the Shandian River, the R increases from 0.28 to 0.42. In Wudaoliang, the R value increases from 0.54 to 0.70. The RMSE value is 0.03 (cm3/cm3). The downscaled soil moisture products play an important role in water resource management, natural disaster monitoring, ecological and environmental protection, and other fields. In the monitoring and management of natural disasters, such as droughts and floods, it can provide key information support for decision-makers and help formulate more effective emergency response plans. During droughts, affected areas can be identified in a timely manner, and the allocation and scheduling of water resources can be optimized, thereby reducing agricultural losses.
A Circularly Polarized Microstrip Antenna with Dual Circular Polarization Using a 90° Hybrid Coupler and Proximity-Coupled Feeding for LTE 43 5G Applications
Authors: Mohammed Atyaf H. , Alnahwi Falih M. , Al-Yasir Yasir I. A.
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a circularly polarized (CP) microstrip antenna with dual circular polarization that is fed using a 3 dB 90° hybrid coupler to ensure dual-CP radiation. The proximity-coupled structure is used as a feeding technique to obtain a larger operational bandwidth that covers the standard LTE 43 of the 5G mid-band applications (3.6–3.8 GHz). The antenna was fabricated on an FR4 dielectric substrate with overall dimensions of 66.1 × 35 × 1.6 mm3. A circular patch was formed as a radiating element, with four identical slits that were etched on the patch to guarantee the presence of CP radiation at the required mid-band of the 5G frequency range. The measured impedance bandwidth (BW) of this antenna was 10.6% (3.46–3.85 GHz), while the 3 dB axial ratio bandwidth (ARBW) was 8.2% along the range (3.50–3.80 GHz). The measured average gain was about 1.3 dBi along the antenna impedance bandwidth.
Heavy Metal Ion Detection Using TiO2 Nanotubes and Self-Reduced TiO2 Nanotube Electrodes
Authors: Pirvu Cristian , Prodana Mariana , Dumitriu Cristina , Gheboianu Alexandru-George , Pandele Andreea Madalina , Enachescu Marius , Vasile Gabriela-Geanina , Buica George-Octavian
Published: December 2024

TiO2 nanotubes and self-reduced TiO2 nanotube semiconductor electrodes were used for electrochemical metal ion detection in an open circuit under photo-accumulation conditions. Due to their surface properties, the electrodes showed different responses towards metal ions at different wavelengths of light radiation. Using TiO2 nanotube-based electrodes, Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions were detected at irradiation wavelengths of 389 nm and 426 nm. Detection limits of 8 × 10−9 M and 5 × 10−9 M for Pb(II) and 3 × 10−8 and 7 × 10−9 M for Cu(II) were obtained at the two wavelengths, respectively. The self-reducing electrode showed a response to Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions when irradiated with light at 389 nm, while at 426 nm, Hg(II) ions along with Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions were detected. The obtained detection limits with self-reduced TiO2 nanotube electrodes for Pb(II) and Cu(II) at 389 nm were 2 × 10−7 M and 8 × 10−9 M, respectively. At a wavelength of 426 nm, the detection limits were 1 × 10−7 M, 3 × 10−9, and 4 × 10−9 M for Pb(II), Cu(II), and Hg(II), respectively.
Alternatives for Connecting Photovoltaic Generators to Power Systems with Three-Port and Partial Power Converters
Authors: Ye Donghui , Martinez Sergio
Published: December 2024

Solar electricity has become one of the most important renewable power sources due to rapid developments in the manufacturing of photovoltaic (PV) cells and power electronic techniques as well as the consciousness of environmental protection. In general, PV panels are connected to DC-DC converters and/or DC-AC inverters to implement the maximum power point tracking algorithm and to fulfill the load requirements. Thus, power conversion efficiency and power density need to be taken into consideration when designing PV systems. Three-port and partial power conversion technologies are proposed to improve the efficiency of a whole PV system and its power density. In this paper, three types of three-port converters (TPCs), including fully isolated, partly isolated, and non-isolated TPCs, are studied with detailed discussions of advantages, disadvantages, and comparisons. In addition, based on partial power conversion technologies, partial power two-port and three-port topologies are analyzed in detail. Their efficiency and power density can be further improved by the combination of three-port and partial power conversion technologies. Moreover, comparisons among seven different types of distributed PV systems are presented with their advantages and disadvantages. Compared to distributed PV systems without energy storage, distributed PV systems with hybridization of energy storage and with partial power regulation can use solar energy in a more efficient way.
Investigating the Bounds of Quality Factor for Class-E Series-Tuned RF Power Amplifiers and Their Computer-Aided Optimization
Authors: Gogoi Pallab Kr , Sharma Ayan , Vanhamel Jurgen , Loicq Jérôme
Published: December 2024

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of Class-E series-tuned radio-frequency power amplifiers (RFPAs), focusing on their design and optimization for high efficiency and performance. However, achieving optimal performance involves navigating trade-offs among efficiency, bandwidth, harmonic suppression, output power capability, and device stress. This work examines the trade-offs involved in the series-tuned (Ls−Cs) network and establishes the bounds for its quality factor using computer-aided harmonic balance (HB) simulations. Additionally, it explores optimal harmonic termination strategies to enhance the performance and efficiency of the design. Finally, a novel methodology using harmonic termination is proposed, simplifying the design process by eliminating the need for traditional load-pull extraction methods.
Machine Learning Method for Prediction of Hearing Improvement After Stapedotomy
Authors: Rebol Vid , Rebol Janez
Published: December 2024

Otosclerosis is a localized disease of the bone derived from the otic capsule. Surgery is considered for patients with conductive hearing loss of at least 15 dB in frequencies 250 to 1000 Hz or higher. In some cases, the decision as to whether surgery (stapedotomy) should be performed is challenging. We developed a machine learning method that predicts a patient’s postoperative hearing quality following stapedotomy, based on their preoperative hearing quality and other features. A separate set of regressors was trained to predict each postoperative hearing intensity on selected feature sets. For feature selection, the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) technique was used. Four models were constructed and evaluated: Lasso, Ridge, k-nearest neighbors, and random forest. The most successful predictions were made at air conduction frequencies between 1000 and 3000 Hz, with mean absolute errors of approximately 6 dB. Utilizing the nested CV method, the Lasso predictor achieved the highest overall prediction accuracy. This study presents the first stapedotomy result prediction method for operating surgeons using machine learning. The potential of audiogram estimation in predicting hearing recovery is demonstrated, offering an alternative to existing classification based models.