bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Derivation of Line Shape Function in the Optical Conductivity by a New Diagram Method
Authors: Kang Nam Lyong , Choi Sang Don
Published: May 2014

A new diagram method for the line shape function in the optical conductivity formula is introduced and the result obtained applying the method to an electron-phonon system is compared with that derived using the projection-reduction method. The result satisfies the population criterion, which states that the distribution functions for electrons and phonons should be combined in multiplicative forms and gives physical intuition to quantum dynamics of electrons in a solid. This method can be called the “KC diagram” method because it originates from the proper application of the Kang-Choi reduction identity and a state-dependent projection operator.
Fair Optimization of Video Streaming Quality of Experience in LTE Networks Using Distributed Antenna Systems and Radio Resource Management
Authors: Yaacoub Elias , Dawy Zaher
Published: May 2014

Network quality of experience (QoE) metrics are proposed in order to capture the overall performance of radio resource management (RRM) algorithms in terms of video quality perceived by the end users. Metrics corresponding to average, geometric mean, and minimum QoE in the network are measured when Max C/I, proportional fair, and Max-Min RRM algorithms are implemented in the network. The objective is to ensure a fair QoE for all users in the network. In our study, we investigate both the uplink (UL) and downlink (DL) directions, and we consider the use of distributed antenna systems (DASs) to enhance the performance. The performance of the various RRM methods in terms of the proposed network QoE metrics is studied in scenarios with and without DAS deployments. Results show that a combination of DAS and fair RRM algorithms can lead to significant and fair QoE enhancements for all the users in the network.
Statistical Approach for Production of PUFA fromKocuriasp. BRI 35 Isolated from Marine Water Sample
Authors: Pote Swanandi , Bhadekar Rama
Published: May 2014

In this study, Plackett-Burman design was used to identify the most influential parameters affecting PUFA production byKocuriasp. BRI 35 isolated from Antarctic water sample. Amongst 10 variables evaluated, magnesium chloride, protease peptone, glucose, and temperature were significant. Response surface methodology consisting of a central composite design was developed to study the interactions between the variables and to determine optimal values of significant variables. A quadratic model (R= 0.9652,F= 14.64,P< 0.0001) was built. The contour plots indicated that the isolate produced maximum PUFA at lower concentrations of magnesium sulfate (0.9 g/L) and higher concentrations of protease peptone (5 g/L) and glucose (10 g/L) at 15°C. MgSO4and glucose exhibited quadratic as well as interactive effect on PUFA production whereas protease peptone and temperature showed interactive effects only. After optimization, PUFA production per unit biomass increased from 0.94 mg/g to 11.12 mg/g. This represented an increase from 3% to 58.62% of the total fatty acids. Among PUFAs, the yield ofω-6 fatty acids increased from 9.66 mg/L to 107.71 mg/L with significant increase in linoleic acid (20.36 mg/L) whereasω-3 fatty acids increased up to 12.37 mg/L with DHA being the majorω-3 fatty acid produced.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ce‐Doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) Nanopowders Used for Solid‐State Lighting
Authors: Chung Do Ngoc , Hieu Do Ngoc , Thao Tran Thi , Truong Vo-Van , Dinh Nguyen Nang
Published: May 2014

Nano‐Ce‐doped Y3Al5O12 (YAG:Ce) powders were synthesized by using a sol‐gel low temperature combustion method, followed by thermal annealing. The annealing temperature for enriching nanoparticles was optimized and found to be 1000°C. The process for enriching uniform nanoparticles of YAG:Ce powder was carried out by using the nanosteam technique (NST). The nanoparticles obtained from this NST treatment had a size in the range of 9–20 nm. Measurements of the photoluminescence spectra of the dispersed YAG:Ce nanoparticles solutions showed a blue shift in the photoemission with a value of ca. 10 nm in the green region. WLEDs made from the blue LED chip coated with the nano‐YAG:Ce + MEH‐PPV composite epoxy exhibit white light with a broad band luminescent spectrum and a high color rending index (CRI). The photoluminescence spectra of the YAG:Ce nanoparticles showed a potential application of the prepared nanostructured YAG:Ce phosphor not only in energy‐efficient solid‐state lighting, but also in optoelectronic devices, including organic composite solar cells. In addition, it is suggested that NST can be applied for the enrichment of uniform inorganic nanoparticles.
Anomalousg-Factors for Charged Leptons in a Fractional Coarse-Grained Approach
Authors: Weberszpil J. , Helayël-Neto J. A.
Published: May 2014

We here propose to extend the concept of helicity to include it in a fractional scenario and we write down the left- and the right-handed Weyl equations from first principles in this extended framework. Next, by coupling the different fractional Weyl sectors by means of a mass parameter, we arrive at the fractional version of Dirac's equation which, whenever coupled to an external electromagnetic field and reduced to the nonrelativistic regime, yields a fractional Pauli-type equation. From the latter, we are able to present an explicit expression for the gyromagnetic ratio of charged fermions in terms of the fractionality parameter. We then focus our efforts to relate the coarse-grained property of space-time to fractionality and to the (g-2) anomalies of the different leptonic species.
CEUS Helps to Rerate Small Breast Tumors of BI-RADS Category 3 and Category 4
Authors: Zhang Jian-xing , Cai Li-shan , Chen Ling , Dai Jiu-long , Song Guang-hui
Published: May 2014

Purpose. The primary aim of this study was to explore if classification, whether using the BI-RADS categories based on CEUS or conventional ultrasound, was conducive to the identification of benign and malignant category 3 or 4 small breast lesions.Material and Methods. We evaluated 30 malignant and 77 benign small breast lesions using CEUS. The range of enhancement, type of enhancement strength, intensity of enhancement, and enhancement patterns were independent factors included to assess the BI-RADS categories.Results. Of the nonenhanced breast lesions, 97.8% (44/45) were malignant, while, of the hyperplasic nodules, 96.8% (30/31) showed no enhancement in our study. Category changes of the lesions were made according to the features determined using CEUS. The results showed that these features could improve diagnostic sensitivity (from 70.0 to 80.0, 80.0, 90.0, and 90.0%), reduce the negative likelihood ratio (from 0.33 to 0.22, 0.25, 0.11, and 0.12), and improve the NPV (from 88.8 to 92.2, 91.2, 96.2, and 95.5%). However, this was not conducive to improve diagnostic specificity or the PPV.Conclusion. The vast majority of nonenhanced small breast lesions were malignant and most of the hyperplasic nodules showed no contrast enhancement. As a reference, CEUS was helpful in identifying BI-RADS category 3 or 4 small breast lesions.
Design and Implementation of a Capstone Course to Satisfy the Industry Needs of Virtual Product Development and ABET Engineering Criteria
Authors: Omar Mohamed A.
Published: May 2014

Over the past two decades, computer aided engineering (CAE) processes and procedures became an integral part of the product development cycle. Virtual product development (VPD) refers to procedures that integrate the CAE tools in a unified approach that spans all the product development phases. Current industrial trends utilize VPD tools and procedures to reduce the product development time without jeopardizing the product quality. These trends led to an increasing demand for engineers with computer skills, multidisciplinary engineering knowledge, and acquaintance with VPD tools. ABET program outcomes emphasize providing courses with an accumulated background of curricular components to solve realistic open-ended engineering problems. Capstone design project (CDP) course has been regarded as important learning activity that could be designed to provide senior engineering student an opportunity to solve such problems. A major objective of the CDP course is to simulate industrial setting and allow students to experience real-life engineering practice. This paper presents an implementation of the VPD procedures in a mechanical engineering CDP course. This integration simulates the industrial environment through multidisciplinary teams working together in subsystems to produce one product using standard commercial VPD tools. This course implementation is demonstrated using a case study of teams working to design and build a solar car.
Optimal Order Strategy in Uncertain Demands with Free Shipping Option
Authors: Meng Qing-Chun , Zhang Teng , Li Ming , Rong Xiao-Xia
Published: May 2014

Free shipping with conditions has become one of the most effective marketing tools; more and more companies especially e-business companies prefer to offer free shipping to buyers whenever their orders exceed the minimum quantity specified by them. But in practice, the demands of buyers are uncertain, which are affected by weather, season, and many other factors. Firstly, we model the centralization ordering problem of retailers who face stochastic demands when suppliers offer free shipping, in which limited distributional information such as known mean, support, and some deviation measures of the random data is needed only. Then, based on the linear decision rule mainly for stochastic programming, we analyze the optimal order strategies of retailers and discuss the approximate solution. Further, we present the core allocation between all retailers via dual and cooperative game theory. The existence of core shows that each retailer is pleased to cooperate with others in the centralization problem. Finally, a numerical example is implemented to discuss how uncertain data and parameters affect the optimal solution.
An Analytical Solution for Lateral Buckling Critical Load Calculation of Leaning‐Type Arch Bridge
Authors: Liu Ai-rong , Huang Yong-hui , Yu Qi-cai , Rao Rui
Published: May 2014

An analytical solution for lateral buckling critical load of leaning‐type arch bridge was presented in this paper. New tangential and radial buckling models of the transverse brace between the main and stable arch ribs are established. Based on the Ritz method, the analytical solution for lateral buckling critical load of the leaning‐type arch bridge with different central angles of main arch ribs and leaning arch ribs under different boundary conditions is derived for the first time. Comparison between the analytical results and the FEM calculated results shows that the analytical solution presented in this paper is sufficiently accurate. The parametric analysis results show that the lateral buckling critical load of the arch bridge with fixed boundary conditions is about 1.14 to 1.16 times as large as that of the arch bridge with hinged boundary condition. The lateral buckling critical load increases by approximately 31.5% to 41.2% when stable arch ribs are added, and the critical load increases as the inclined angle of stable arch rib increases. The differences in the center angles of the main arch rib and the stable arch rib have little effect on the lateral buckling critical load.
A Survey of Abnormal Traffic Information Detection and Transmission Mechanisms in VSNs
Authors: Zhang Lingjuan , Gao Deyun , Foh Chuan Heng , Yang Dong , Gao Shuai
Published: May 2014

With the continuously increasing number of vehicles, particularly in cities, there are more and more abnormal traffic events occurring on road, which easily cause road congestion. In vehicular sensor networks (VSNs), with the intervehicle cooperative communication, vehicle nodes can detect the abnormal traffic events and disseminate the related information to the interesting vehicles or persons. This paper gives out a survey of the abnormal traffic information detection and transmission mechanisms in VSNs. Firstly, we overview the origin, characteristic, and application of VSNs. Meanwhile, the definition and features of traffic abnormal information are also introduced and presented. Then, we put more energy on elaborating the existing information detection and transmission mechanisms based on VSNs. Finally, the challenges and problems are discussed.
A Numerical Simulation of Effects of Softening and Heterogeneity on the Stress Intensity Factor of Quasi-Brittle Material
Authors: Chen Tielin , Li Chao , Zhang Dingli
Published: May 2014

A numerical approach to simulate the crack initiation and propagation process of the nonlinear fracture behavior of the quasi-brittle materials under tensile loading is presented. The nonlinear fracture of Mode I of quasi-brittle material is analyzed by considering the effects of microscopic softening rate and heterogeneity. The results show that the softening rate and the heterogeneity of quasi-brittle material affect the values of stress intensity factor K I. The softening index affects merely the size of the plastic zones while the heterogeneity causes the more sophisticated response of quasi-brittle materials.
Microstructure and Microhardness Evolutions of High Fe Containing Near-Eutectic Al-Si Rapidly Solidified Alloy
Authors: Ahmed Emad M. , Ebrahim M. R.
Published: May 2014

Al-11 wt.% Si-11 wt.% Fe (11.29 at.% Si-5.6 at.% Fe) melt was rapidly solidified into ribbons and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and microhardness technique. The Rietveld X-ray diffraction analysis was applied successfully to analyze microstructure and phase precipitations. On the basis of the aluminum peak shifts measured in the XRD scans, a solid solubility extension value of 1 at.% Si in α-Al was determined. SEM investigations confirmed presence of a spherical shape α-phase particles in addition to needle and spherical shape β-phase particles with contents of 1.1 wt.% and 10.1 wt.% as deduced by XRD analysis. During prolonged annealing process at 350°C/25 h, α-phase disappeared, β-phase content increased to 30 wt.%, and Si presence becomes more evident as deduced by XRD analysis. EDS analysis confirmed that these β particles observed in the as-melt spun alloy are of lower Fe content comparing to those usually observed in the as-cast counter-part alloy. Besides, the length distribution of needle shape β-particles has been shortened to be diverse from 1 to 5 μm. The as-melt spun ribbons exhibited enhancement of hardness to 277 HV and further increased during heat treatment (150°C/12 h) to 450 HV. This improvement of microstructure and hardness are the influence of microstructural refinement and modification obtained during the rapid solidification process.
Some Common Fixed Point Theorems in Complex Valuedb-Metric Spaces
Authors: Mukheimer Aiman A.
Published: May 2014

Azam et al. (2011), introduce the notion of complex valued metric spaces and obtained common fixed point result for mappings in the context of complex valued metric spaces. Rao et al. (2013) introduce the notion of complex valuedb-metric spaces. In this paper, we generalize the results of Azam et al. (2011), and Bhatt et al. (2011), by improving the conditions of contraction to establish the existence and uniqueness of common fixed point for two self-mappings on complex valuedb-metric spaces. Some examples are given to illustrate the main results.
Regularized Fractional Power Parameters for Image Denoising Based on Convex Solution of Fractional Heat Equation
Authors: Jalab Hamid A.
Published: May 2014

The interest in using fractional mask operators based on fractional calculus operators has grown for image denoising. Denoising is one of the most fundamental image restoration problems in computer vision and image processing. This paper proposes an image denoising algorithm based on convex solution of fractional heat equation with regularized fractional power parameters. The performances of the proposed algorithms were evaluated by computing the PSNR, using different types of images. Experiments according to visual perception and the peak signal to noise ratio values show that the improvements in the denoising process are competent with the standard Gaussian filter and Wiener filter.
Efficacy of Adding Bevacizumab in the First-Line Chemotherapy of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Evidence from Seven Randomized Clinical Trials
Authors: Chen Yan-xian , Yang Qiong , Kuang Jun-jie , Chen Shi-yu , Wei Ying , Jiang Zhi-min , Xie De-rong
Published: May 2014

Background. Efficacy of adding bevacizumab in first-line chemotherapy of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has been controversial. The aim of this study is to gather current data to analyze efficacy of adding bevacizumab to the most used combination first-line chemotherapy in mCRC, based on the 2012 meta-analysis reported by Macedo et al.  Methods. Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane library, meeting presentations and abstracts were searched. Eligible studies were randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which evaluated first-line chemotherapy with or without bevacizumab in mCRC. The extracting data were included and examined in the meta-analysis according to the type of chemotherapy regimen.Results. Seven trials, totaling 3436 patients, were analyzed. Compared with first-line chemothery alone, the adding of bevacizumab did not show clinical benefit for OS both in first-line therapy and the most used combination chemotherapy (HR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.78–1.02;P=0.08; HR = 0.93; 95% CI = 0.83–1.05;P=0.24). In contrast with OS, the addition of bevacizumab resulted in significant improvement for PFS (HR = 0.68; 95% CI = 0.59–0.78;P<0.00001). Moreover, it also demonstrated statistical benefit for PFS in the most used combination first-line chemotherapy (HR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.75–0.94;P=0.002). And the subgroup analysis indicated only capacitabine-based regimens were beneficial.Conclusions. This meta-analysis shows that the addition of bevacizumab to FOLFOX/FOLFIRI/XELOX regimens might not be beneficial in terms of OS. Benefit has been seen when PFS has been taken into account. In subgroup analysis, benefit adding bevacizumab has been seen when capecitabine-based regimens are used. Further studies are warranted to explore the combination with bevacizumab.
Role of Autoimmune Responses in Periodontal Disease
Authors: Nair Soumya , Faizuddin Mohamed , Dharmapalan Jayanthi
Published: May 2014

Periodontal diseases are characterized by localized infections and inflammatory conditions that directly affect teeth supporting structures which are the major cause of tooth loss. Several studies have demonstrated the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal disease. Evidences of involvement of immunopathology have been reported in periodontal disease. Bacteria in the dental plaque induce antibody formation. Autoreactive T cells, natural killer cells, ANCA, heat shock proteins, autoantibodies, and genetic factors are reported to have an important role in the autoimmune component of periodontal disease. The present review describes the involvement of autoimmune responses in periodontal diseases and also the mechanisms underlying these responses. This review is an attempt to throw light on the etiopathogenesis of periodontal disease highlighting the autoimmunity aspect of the etiopathogenesis involved in the initiation and progression of the disease. However, further clinical trials are required to strengthen the role of autoimmunity as a cause of periodontal disease.
Partial Polarization in Interfered Plasmon Fields
Authors: Martínez Vara P. , Torres Rodríguez M. A. , De Los Santos-Garcia S. I. , Muñoz López J. , Martínez-Niconoff G.
Published: May 2014

We describe the polarization features for plasmon fields generated by the interference between two elemental surface plasmon modes, obtaining a set of Stokes parameters which allows establishing a parallelism with the traditional polarization model. With the analysis presented, we find the corresponding coherence matrix for plasmon fields incorporating to the plasmon optics the study of partial polarization effects.
TiO2Nanotube Arrays Composite Film as Photoanode for High-Efficiency Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell
Authors: Hu Jinghua , Zhao Li , Yang Yingping , Liao Hong , Wang Shimin , Sun Xiaodong , Cheng Jiejie , Dong Binghai
Published: May 2014

A double-layered photoanode made of hierarchical TiO2nanotube arrays (TNT-arrays) as the overlayer and commercial-grade TiO2nanoparticles (P25) as the underlayer is designed for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Crystallized free-standing TNT-arrays films are prepared by two-step anodization process. For photovoltaic applications, DSSCs based on double-layered photoanodes produce a remarkably enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE) of up to 6.32% compared with the DSSCs solely composed of TNT-arrays (5.18%) or nanoparticles (3.65%) with a similar thickness (24 μm) at a constant irradiation of 100 mW cm−2. This is mainly attributed to the fast charge transport paths and superior light-scattering ability of TNT-arrays overlayer and good electronic contact with F-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass provided from P25 nanoparticles as a bonding layer.
Cysteinyl Leukotriene Receptor-1 Antagonists as Modulators of Innate Immune Cell Function
Authors: Theron A. J. , Steel H. C. , Tintinger G. R. , Gravett C. M. , Anderson R. , Feldman C.
Published: May 2014

Cysteinyl leukotrienes (cysLTs) are produced predominantly by cells of the innate immune system, especially basophils, eosinophils, mast cells, and monocytes/macrophages. Notwithstanding potent bronchoconstrictor activity, cysLTs are also proinflammatory consequent to their autocrine and paracrine interactions with G-protein-coupled receptors expressed not only on the aforementioned cell types, but also on Th2 lymphocytes, as well as structural cells, and to a lesser extent neutrophils and CD8+cells. Recognition of the involvement of cysLTs in the immunopathogenesis of various types of acute and chronic inflammatory disorders, especially bronchial asthma, prompted the development of selective cysLT receptor-1 (cysLTR1) antagonists, specifically montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast. More recently these agents have also been reported to possess secondary anti-inflammatory activities, distinct from cysLTR1 antagonism, which appear to be particularly effective in targeting neutrophils and monocytes/macrophages. Underlying mechanisms include interference with cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterases, 5′-lipoxygenase, and the proinflammatory transcription factor, nuclear factor kappa B. These and other secondary anti-inflammatory mechanisms of the commonly used cysLTR1 antagonists are the major focus of the current review, which also includes a comparison of the anti-inflammatory effects of montelukast, pranlukast, and zafirlukast on human neutrophilsin vitro, as well as an overview of both the current clinical applications of these agents and potential future applications based on preclinical and early clinical studies.
Asymptotic Properties of Solutions to Third-Order Nonlinear Neutral Differential Equations
Authors: Li Qi , Wang Rui , Meng Fanwei , Han Jianxin
Published: May 2014

The aim of this work is to discuss asymptotic properties of a class of third-order nonlinear neutral functional differential equations. The results obtained extend and improve some related known results. Two examples are given to illustrate the main results.
Practical and Simple Wireless Channel Models for Use in Multipolarized Antenna Systems
Authors: Jeon KwangHyun , Su Xin , Hui Bing , Chang KyungHi
Published: May 2014

The next-generation wireless systems are expected to support data rates of more than 100 Mbps in outdoor environments. In order to support such large payloads, a polarized antenna may be employed as one of the candidate technologies. Recently, the third generation partnership standards bodies (3GPP/3GPP2) have defined a cross-polarized channel model in SCM-E for MIMO systems; however, this model is quite complex since it considers a great many channel-related parameters. Furthermore, the SCM-E channel model combines the channel coefficients of all the polarization links into one complex output, making it impossible to exploit the MIMO spatial multiplexing or diversity gains in the case of employing polarized antenna at transmitter and receiver side. In this paper, we present practical and simple 2D and 3D multipolarized multipath channel models, which take into account both the cross-polarization discrimination (XPD) and the Rician factor. After verifying the proposed channel models, the BER and PER performances and throughput using the EGC and MRC combining techniques are evaluated in multipolarized antenna systems.
Investigation of the Effects of Machining Parameters on Material Removal Rate in Abrasive Waterjet Turning
Authors: Zohourkari Iman , Zohoor Mehdi , Annoni Massimiliano
Published: May 2014

The effects of the main operational machining parameters on the material removal rate (MRR) in abrasive waterjet turning (AWJT) are presented in this paper using a statistical approach. The five most common machining parameters such as water pressure, abrasive mass flow rate, cutting head traverse speed, workpiece rotational speed, and depth of cut have been put into a five-level central composite rotatable experimental design (CCRD). The main effects of parameters and the interaction among them were analyzed by means of the analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the response surfaces for MRR were obtained fitting a second-order polynomial function. It has been found that depth of cut and cutting head traverse speed are the most influential parameters, whereas the rotational speed is insignificant. In addition, the investigations show that interactions between traverse speed and pressure, abrasive mass flow rate and depth of cut, and pressure and depth of cut are significant on MRR. This result advances the AWJT state of the art. A complete model discussion has been reported drawing interesting considerations on the AWJT process characterising phenomena, where parameters interactions play a fundamental role.
Collaborative Policy of the Supply-Hub for Assemble-to-Order Systems with Delivery Uncertainty
Authors: Li Guo , Liu Mengqi , Guan Xu , Huang Zheng
Published: May 2014

This paper considers the collaborative mechanisms of the Supply-Hub in the Assemble-to-Order system (ATO system hereafter) with upstream delivery uncertainty. We first propose a collaborative replenishment mechanism in the ATO system, and construct a replenishment model with delivery uncertainty in use of the Supply-Hub. After transforming the original model into a one-dimensional optimization problem, we derive the optimal assembly quantity and reorder point of each component. In order to enable the Supply-Hub to conduct collaborative replenishment with each supplier, the punishment and reward mechanisms are proposed. The numerical analysis illustrates that service level of the Supply-Hub is an increasing function of both punishment and reward factors. Therefore, by adjusting the two factors, suppliers’ incentives of collaborative replenishment can be significantly enhanced, and then the service level of whole ATO system can be improved.
Extensive Frontoparietal Abscess: Complication of Frontal Sinusitis (Pott’s Puffy Tumor)
Authors: Lauria Raquel Andrade , Laffitte Fernandes Fernando , Brito Thiago Pires , Pereira Pablo Soares Gomes , Chone Carlos Takahiro
Published: May 2014

First described in 1768, the Pott’s puffy tumor is a subperiosteal abscess associated with frontal bone osteomyelitis, resulting from trauma or frontal sinusitis. The classic clinical presentation consists of purulent rhinorrhea, fever, headache, and frontal swelling. The diagnosis is confirmed by CT scan and treatment requires intravenous antibiotics, analgesia, and surgical intervention. Early diagnosis and aggressive medical and surgical approach are essential for a good outcome. It rare and the early diagnosis is important; we describe the case of a 14-year-old adolescent with Pott’s puffy tumor who was initially treated inadequately, evolving with extensive frontoparietal abscess. The patient underwent surgical treatment with endoscopic endonasal and external approaches combined. Intravenous antibiotics were prescribed for a prolonged time, with good outcome and remission of the complaints.
Dynamics of a Stochastic Delayed Competitive Model with Impulsive Toxicant Input in Polluted Environments
Authors: Deng Meiling , Liu Meng , Bai Chuanzhi
Published: May 2014

In the world today, with the rapid development of modern agriculture and industry, a large quantity of pollutants enter into ecosystems one by one, which is a threat to the persistence of the exposed populations. This paper investigates a stochastic delayed competitive system with impulsive toxicant input in a polluted environment. Under a simple condition, sufficient and necessary conditions for stability in the mean and extinction of each species are established. Some recent works are improved and extended greatly. Some numerical simulations are also included to illustrate and support the findings.
Effect of Lianhuaqingwen Capsules on Airway Inflammation in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Authors: Dong Liang , Xia Jing-wen , Gong Yi , Chen Zhen , Yang Hai-hua , Zhang Jing , He Jian , Chen Xiao-dong
Published: May 2014

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory response that is worsened by acute exacerbations. Lianhuaqingwen (LHQW) has anti‐inflammatory and immune regulatory functions and may inhibit the airway inflammation that occurs during an acute exacerbation of COPD. In this study, 100 participants were recruited and randomly assigned, 1 : 1, to the LHQW and the conventional groups, which were treated, respectively, with LHQW capsules and conventional Western medicine or only conventional Western medicine. The scores of the CAT scale and levels of inflammatory cytokines in blood and sputum were measured during treatment. In addition, subjects were subdivided into high‐risk and low‐risk subgroups. The CAT scores in the LHQW group and high‐risk subgroup were clearly improved from the 5th day, but the other groups improved only after treatment was completed. Expression levels of IL‐8, TNF‐α, IL‐17, and IL‐23 in the sputum and of IL‐8 and IL‐17 in the blood were significantly decreased after treatment, and similar results were found in subgroups. These data suggested that LHQW capsules can accelerate the improvement of AECOPD patients, especially for the high‐risk subgroup, and the mechanism of action may be related to the decreased release of inflammatory mediators.
Synthesis of Rosin Acid Starch Catalyzed by Lipase
Authors: Lin Rihui , Li He , Long Han , Su Jiating , Huang Wenqin
Published: May 2014

Rosin, an abundant raw material from pine trees, was used as a starting material directly for the synthesis of rosin acid starch. The esterification reaction was catalyzed by lipase (Novozym 435) under mild conditions. Based on single factor experimentation, the optimal esterification conditions were obtained as follows: rosin acid/anhydrous glucose unit in the molar ratio 2 : 1, reaction time 4 h at 45°C, and 15% of lipase dosage. The degree of substitution (DS) reaches 0.098. Product from esterification of cassava starch with rosin acid was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy and iodine coloration analysis. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction analysis showed that the morphology and crystallinity of the cassava starch were largely destroyed. Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that thermal stability of rosin acid starch decreased compared with native starch.
[Retracted] Essential Oils Loaded in Nanosystems: A Developing Strategy for a Successful Therapeutic Approach
Authors: Bilia Anna Rita , Guccione Clizia , Isacchi Benedetta , Righeschi Chiara , Firenzuoli Fabio , Bergonzi Maria Camilla
Published: May 2014

Essential oils are complex blends of a variety of volatile molecules such as terpenoids, phenol‐derived aromatic components, and aliphatic components having a strong interest in pharmaceutical, sanitary, cosmetic, agricultural, and food industries. Since the middle ages, essential oils have been widely used for bactericidal, virucidal, fungicidal, antiparasitical, insecticidal, and other medicinal properties such as analgesic, sedative, anti‐inflammatory, spasmolytic, and locally anaesthetic remedies. In this review their nanoencapsulation in drug delivery systems has been proposed for their capability of decreasing volatility, improving the stability, water solubility, and efficacy of essential oil‐based formulations, by maintenance of therapeutic efficacy. Two categories of nanocarriers can be proposed: polymeric nanoparticulate formulations, extensively studied with significant improvement of the essential oil antimicrobial activity, and lipid carriers, including liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid particles, and nano‐ and microemulsions. Furthermore, molecular complexes such as cyclodextrin inclusion complexes also represent a valid strategy to increase water solubility and stability and bioavailability and decrease volatility of essential oils.
Comparative Ecophysiological Study of Salt Stress for Wild and Cultivated Soybean Species from the Yellow River Delta, China
Authors: Wu Gang , Zhou Zhengda , Chen Peng , Tang Xiaoli , Shao Hongbo , Wang Hongyan
Published: May 2014

Osmotic and ionic stresses were the primary and instant damage produced by salt stress. They can also bring about other secondary stresses. Soybean is an important economic crop and the wild soybean aroused increasing attention for its excellent performance in salt resistance. For this reason, we compared the different performances ofGlycine maxL. (ZH13) andGlycine sojaL. (BB52) in both young and mature seedlings, hoping to clarify the specific reasons. Our research revealed that, compared to the cultivated soybean, the wild soybean was able to maintain higher water potential and relative water content (RWC), accumulate more amount of proline and glycine betaine, reduce the contents of Na+and Cl−by faster efflux, and cut down the efflux of the K+as well as keep higher K+/Na+ratio. And what is more is that, almost all the excel behaviors became particularly obvious under higher NaCl concentration (300 mM). Therefore, according to all the detections and comparisons, we concluded that the wild soybean had different tolerance mechanisms and better salt resistance. It should be used as eminent germplasm resource to enhance the resistant ability of cultivated soybean or even other crops.
Adaptive Equalizer Using Selective Partial Update Algorithm and Selective Regressor Affine Projection Algorithm over Shallow Water Acoustic Channels
Authors: Soflaei Masoumeh , Azmi Paeiz
Published: May 2014

One of the most important problems of reliable communications in shallow water channels is intersymbol interference (ISI) which is due to scattering from surface and reflecting from bottom. Using adaptive equalizers in receiver is one of the best suggested ways for overcoming this problem. In this paper, we apply the family of selective regressor affine projection algorithms (SR-APA) and the family of selective partial update APA (SPU-APA) which have low computational complexity that is one of the important factors that influences adaptive equalizer performance. We apply experimental data from Strait of Hormuz for examining the efficiency of the proposed methods over shallow water channel. We observe that the values of the steady-state mean square error (MSE) of SR-APA and SPU-APA decrease by 5.8 (dB) and 5.5 (dB), respectively, in comparison with least mean square (LMS) algorithm. Also the families of SPU-APA and SR-APA have better convergence speed than LMS type algorithm.
Effects of Exogenous Lactase Administration on Hydrogen Breath Excretion and Intestinal Symptoms in Patients Presenting Lactose Malabsorption and Intolerance
Authors: Ibba Ivan , Gilli Agnese , Boi Maria Francesca , Usai Paolo
Published: May 2014

Objective.To establish whether supplementation with a standard oral dose of Beta-Galactosidase affects hydrogen breath excretion in patients presenting with lactose malabsorption.Methods.Ninety-six consecutive patients positive to H2 Lactose Breath Test were enrolled. Mean peak H2 levels, the time to reach the peak H2, the time to reach the cut-off value of 20 ppm, the cumulative breath H2 excretion, the areas under the curve, and a Visual Analogical 10-point Scale for symptoms were calculated. Genotyping of the C/T-13910 variant was carried out.Results.Following the oral administration of Beta-Galactosidase, in 21.88% of the cases, H2 Lactose Breath Test became negative (Group A), while mean peak H2 levels (74.95 ppm versus 7.85),P<0.0000, in 17.71% (Group B) were still positive, with the H2 level 20 ppm above the baseline, but the peak H2 levels were significantly lower than those observed at the baseline test (186.7 ppm versus 66.64),P<0.0000, while in 60.41% (Group C) they were still positive with the peak H2 levels similar to those observed at the baseline test (94.43 versus 81.60 ppm). All 96 individuals tested presented the C/C-13910 genotype nonpersistence.Conclusions.The response to oral administration of Beta-Galactosidase in patients with symptoms of lactose malabsorption presents a significant variability.
Application of Gold Nanoparticles for Electrochemical DNA Biosensor
Authors: Mohammed Ahmed Mishaal , Rahim Ruslinda A. , Ibraheem Ibraheem Jaleel , Loong Foo Kai , Hisham Hasrul , Hashim Uda , Al-Douri Yarub
Published: May 2014

An electrochemical DNA biosensor was successfully fabricated by using (3‐aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) as a linker molecule combined with the gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on thermally oxidized SiO2 thin films. The SiO2 thin films surface was chemically modified with a mixture of APTES and GNPs for DNA detection in different time periods of 30 min, 1 hour, 2 hours, and 4 hours, respectively. The DNA immobilization and hybridization were conducted by measuring the differences of the capacitance value within the frequency range of 1 Hz to 1 MHz. The capacitance values for DNA immobilization were 160 μF, 77.8 μF, 70 μF, and 64.6 μF, respectively, with the period of time from 30 min to 4 hours. Meanwhile the capacitance values for DNA hybridization were 44 μF, 54 μF, 55 μF, and 61.5 μF, respectively. The capacitance value of bare SiO2 thin film was 0.42 μF, which was set as a base line for a reference in DNA detection. The differences of the capacitance value between the DNA immobilization and hybridization revealed that the modified SiO2 thin films using APTES and GNPs were successfully developed for DNA detection.
A Multiband Monopole Antenna with the Inverted-Trapezoidal CPW Feeding
Authors: Zhang Quanqi , Li Yuanxin , Liang Zhixi , Tan Hong-Zhou , Long Yunliang
Published: May 2014

A multi-band monopole antenna with the improved inverted-trapezoidal coplanar waveguide (CPW) feeding is presented. The antenna has a simple planar structure, and occupies an area of 15 mm × 50 mm. The proposed antenna consists of an improved inverted-trapezoidal CPW-fed patch, and a series of monopole strips with different length. This monopole antenna utilizes the advantages of the CPW feeding to simplify the structure of the antenna into a single metallic level and achieve high antenna gain. The improved inverted-trapezoidal CPW-fed patch and a meander shorting strip lead to a better impedance matching result and multi-band operation. The experimental results of the proposed antenna are shown and discussed. The antenna generates two wide bands centered at about 900 and 2200 MHz to cover the GSM850/GSM900/DCS/PCS/UMTS/LTE2300/2500 bands and the 2.4 GHz WLAN operation. Meanwhile the antenna covers the 4 G bands of China Telecom (2370–2390 MHz/2635–2655 MHz), China Unicom (2300–2320 MHz/2555–2575 MHz) and China Mobile (1880–1900 MHz/2320–2370 MHz/2575–2635 MHz), too.
Three-Dimensional Extensions of Resolvability of Two Point Targets in MIMO Radar Using a Hypothesis Test Formulation
Authors: Zhang Ning , Tang Jun , Wan Shuang , Zhu Wei
Published: May 2014

Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar has been extensively studied in recent years, due to its outstanding performance in various aspects. Resolution and estimation of the targets’ parameters are central capabilities of a MIMO radar system. In this paper, the resolution performance of MIMO radar in terms of the three-dimensional statistical resolution limit (3D SRL) is investigated, where three-dimension refers to direction of arrival (DOA), direction of departure (DOD), and Doppler frequency of a target. The scenario of two closely spaced targets corrupted by broadband noise with/without clutter sources is considered and the closed-form expression of the resolution threshold, which is the minimum signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) required for a given resolution performance, is derived using a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) formulation. Finally, both theoretical and numerical analyses are provided for some insights regarding the resolution limit.
Computation of Pressure Fields around a Two-Dimensional Circular Cylinder Using the Vortex-In-Cell and Penalization Methods
Authors: Lee Seung-Jae , Lee Jun-Hyeok , Suh Jung-Chun
Published: May 2014

The vorticity-velocity formulation of the Navier-Stokes equations allows purely kinematical problems to be decoupled from the pressure term, since the pressure is eliminated by applying the curl operator. The Vortex-In-Cell (VIC) method, which is based on the vorticity-velocity formulation, offers particle-mesh algorithms to numerically simulate flows past a solid body. The penalization method is used to enforce boundary conditions at a body surface with a decoupling between body boundaries and computational grids. Its main advantage is a highly efficient implementation for solid boundaries of arbitrary complexity on Cartesian grids. We present an efficient algorithm to numerically implement the vorticity-velocity-pressure formulation including a penalty term to simulate the pressure fields around a solid body. In vorticity-based methods, pressure field can be independently computed from the solution procedure for vorticity. This clearly simplifies the implementation and reduces the computational cost. Obtaining the pressure field at any fixed time represents the most challenging goal of this study. We validate the implementation by numerical simulations of an incompressible viscous flow around an impulsively started circular cylinder in a wide range of Reynolds numbers: Re=40, 550, 3000, and 9500.
The Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Thyroid Axis in Infants and Children: Protection from Radioiodines
Authors: Fisher Jeffrey , Yang Xiaoxia , Harris Curtis , Koturbash Igor , Lumen Annie
Published: May 2014

Potassium iodide (KI) is recommended as an emergency treatment for exposure to radioiodines, most commonly associated with nuclear detonation or mishaps at nuclear power plants. Protecting the thyroid gland of infants and children remains a priority because of increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the young exposed to radioiodines (such as131I and133I). There is a lack of clinical studies for KI and radioiodines in children or infants to draw definitive conclusions about the effectiveness and safety of KI administration in the young. In this paper, we compare functional aspects of the hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis in the young and adults and review the limited studies of KI in children. The HPT axis in the infant and child is hyperactive and therefore will respond less effectively to KI treatment compared to adults. Research on the safety and efficacy of KI in infants and children is needed.
Development of a Murine Model of Early Sepsis in Diet-Induced Obesity
Authors: Khan Momina , Patrick Amanda L. , Fox-Robichaud Alison E. , Translational Biology Group The Canadian Critical Care
Published: May 2014

Sepsis, a global health issue, is the most common cause of mortality in the intensive care unit. The aim of this study was to develop a new model of sepsis that investigates the impact of prolonged western diet (WD) induced obesity on the response to early sepsis. Male C57BL/6 mice were fed either a high fat WD or normal chow diet (NCD) for 6, 15, or 27 weeks. Septic obese mice at 15 and 27 weeks had significantly lower levels of lung myeloperoxidase (26.3 ± 3.80 U/mg tissue) compared to age matched ad lib (44.1 ± 2.86 U/mg tissue) and diet restricted (63.2 ± 5.60 U/mg tissue) controls. Low levels of lung inflammation were not associated with changes in hepatic cytokines and oxidative stress levels. Obese mice had significantly (P<0.0001) larger livers compared to controls. Histological examination of the livers demonstrated that WD fed mice had increased inflammation with pronounced fat infiltration, steatosis, and hepatocyte ballooning. Using this model of prolonged exposure to high fat diet we have data that agree with recent clinical observations suggesting obese individuals are protected from sepsis-induced lung injury. This model will allow us to investigate the links between damage to the hepatic microcirculation, immune response, and lung injury.
Lycopene Inhibits Urotensin‐II‐Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy in Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes
Authors: Chao Hung-Hsing , Sung Li-Chin , Chen Cheng-Hsien , Liu Ju-Chi , Chen Jin-Jer , Cheng Tzu-Hurng
Published: May 2014

This study investigated how lycopene affected urotensin‐II‐ (U‐II‐) induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy and the possible implicated mechanisms. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were exposed to U‐II (1 nM) either exclusively or following 6 h of lycopene pretreatment (1–10 μM). The lycopene (3–10 μM) pretreatment significantly inhibited the U‐II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy, decreased the production of U‐II‐induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and reduced the level of NAD(P)H oxidase‐4 expression. Lycopene further inhibited the U‐II‐induced phosphorylation of the redox‐sensitive extracellular signal‐regulated kinases. Moreover, lycopene treatment prevented the increase in the phosphorylation of serine‐threonine kinase Akt and glycogen synthase kinase‐3beta (GSK‐3β) caused by U‐II without affecting the protein levels of the phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome 10 (PTEN). However, lycopene increased the PTEN activity level, suggesting that lycopene prevents ROS‐induced PTEN inactivation. These findings imply that lycopene yields antihypertrophic effects that can prevent the activation of the Akt/GSK‐3β hypertrophic pathway by modulating PTEN inactivation through U‐II treatment. Thus, the data indicate that lycopene prevented U‐II‐induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy through a mechanism involving the inhibition of redox signaling. These findings provide novel data regarding the molecular mechanisms by which lycopene regulates cardiomyocyte hypertrophy.