bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Clinical and laboratory findings in the diagnosis of right lower quadrant abdominal pain: outcome analysis of the APPAC trial
Authors: Lietzén Elina , Ilves Imre , Salminen Paulina , Paajanen Hannu , Rautio Tero , Nordström Pia , Aarnio Markku , Rantanen Tuomo , Kauko Tommi , Jartti Airi , Sand Juhani , Mecklin Jukka-Pekka , Grönroos Juha M.
Published: March 2016

Background:

The current research on acute appendicitis aims to improve the diagnostics and to clarify to whom antibiotic treatment might be the treatment of choice.

Methods:

The present study is a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected data in our randomized multicenter trial comparing surgery and antibiotic treatment for acute uncomplicated appendicitis (APPAC trial, NCTO1022567). We evaluated 1321 patients with a clinical suspicion of acute appendicitis, who underwent computed tomography (CT). Age, gender, body temperature, pain scores, the duration of symptoms, white blood cell count (WBC) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were recorded on admission.

Results:

CT confirmed the diagnosis of acute appendicitis in 73% (n=970) and in 27% (n=351) it revealed no or other diagnosis. Acute appendicitis patients had significantly higher WBC levels than patients without appendicitis (median 12.2 and 10.0, respectively, p<0.0001), whereas CRP levels did not differ between the two groups. Ideal cut-off points were assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, but neither these markers or neither their combination nor any clinical characteristic could accurately differentiate between patients with acute appendicitis and those without. The proportion of patients with normal WBC count and CRP was significantly (p=0.0007) lower in patients with acute appendicitis than in patients without appendicitis.

Conclusions:

Both clinical findings and laboratory tests are unable to reliably distinguish between patients with acute appendicitis and those without. If both WBC count and CRP are normal, acute appendicitis is very unlikely. The current results emphasize the role of CT imaging in patients with suspected acute appendicitis.
Reverse Productivity Spillovers in the OECD: The Contrasting Roles of R&D and Capital
Authors: Zámborský Peter , Jacobs Elena J.
Published: March 2016

This paper analyzes the relationship between research and development (R&D) and capital investment by domestic firms and the productivity of foreign affiliates of multinational enterprises in developed countries. We explain why “reverse spillovers” from domestic to foreign firms might differ when R&D and capital are considered as two separate channels. Using industry-level data for eight Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) economies (including the Czech Republic and Slovakia) in 2001–2007, we find robust evidence that R&D investment by local firms is positively associated with the productivity of affiliates of foreign firms. Our findings and theory add to the relatively scarce research on reverse spillovers and contribute to the literature on knowledge-seeking foreign direct investment (FDI).
The influence of maximal quotient groups on the normalizer conjecture of integral group rings
Authors: Li Zhengxing , Li Yuanlin , Gao Hongwei
Published: March 2016

Let N be a minimal normal subgroup of a finite group G. The aim of the present paper is to investigate the influence of the quotient group

G
/
N

${G/N}$

on the normalizer conjecture of the integral group ring

ℤ

$\mathbb{Z}$

G. Some conditions on G/N are obtained under which the normalizer conjecture holds for

ℤ

$\mathbb{Z}$

G.
Determination of the initial condition in parabolic equations from boundary observations
Authors: Hào Dinh Nho , Oanh Nguyen Thi Ngoc
Published: March 2016

The problem of determining the initial condition in parabolic equations from boundary observations is studied. It is reformulated as a variational problem and then a formula for the gradient of the functional to be minimized is derived via an adjoint problem. The variational problem is discretized by finite difference splitting methods and solved by the conjugate gradient method. Some numerical examples are presented to show the efficiency of the method. Also as a by-product of the variational method, we propose a numerical scheme for numerically estimating singular values of the solution operator in the inverse problem.
Crystal structure of tetrabutylammonium 4-aminobenzenesulfonate 2/3 hydrate, C22H42N2O3S · 2/3 H2O
Authors: Cai Yuanyuan , Sun Ning
Published: March 2016

C22H43.33N2O3.67S, monoclinic, P21/c, a = 9.5273(1) Å, b = 14.8850(2) Å, c = 17.5820(2) Å, V = 2492.84(5) Å3, Z = 4, R
gt(F) = 0.0526, wR
ref(F2
) = 0.1459, T = 296.
Comparing five statistical methods of differential methylation identification using bisulfite sequencing data
Authors: Yu Xiaoqing , Sun Shuying
Published: March 2016

We are presenting a comprehensive comparative analysis of five differential methylation (DM) identification methods: methylKit, BSmooth, BiSeq, HMM-DM, and HMM-Fisher, which are developed for bisulfite sequencing (BS) data. We summarize the features of these methods from several analytical aspects and compare their performances using both simulated and real BS datasets. Our comparison results are summarized below. First, parameter settings may largely affect the accuracy of DM identification. Different from default settings, modified parameter settings yield higher sensitivity and/or lower false positive rates. Second, all five methods show more accurate results when identifying simulated DM regions that are long and have small within-group variation, but they have low concordance, probably due to the different approaches they have used for DM identification. Third, HMM-DM and HMM-Fisher yield relatively higher sensitivity and lower false positive rates than others, especially in DM regions with large variation. Finally, we have found that among the three methods that involve methylation estimation (methylKit, BSmooth, and BiSeq), BiSeq can best present raw methylation signals. Therefore, based on these results, we suggest that users select DM identification methods based on the characteristics of their data and the advantages of each method.
Crystal structures and hydrogenation properties of palladium-rich compounds with elements from groups 12–16
Authors: Götze André , Sander Jonas Michael , Kohlmann Holger
Published: March 2016

We report on crystal structure data and hydrogenation properties of 24 palladium-rich intermetallic compounds with elements from groups 12–16 of the Periodic Table. Refined crystal structures based on X-ray powder diffraction data are presented for Pd3As (Fe3P type structure) and several members of the Pd5TlAs type structure family. Hydrogenation was studiedin situby differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) under 5.0 MPa hydrogen pressure up to 430 °C. Pd0.75Zn0.25, PdCd, PdHg, Pd2Sn, Pd5Pb3, Pd13Pb9, Pd3As, Pd20Sb7, Pd8Sb3, Pd5Sb2, PdSb, Pd5Bi2, Pd17Se15, Pd4Se, Pd5TlAs, Pd5CdSe, Pd5CdAs, Pd5HgSe, Pd5InAs, Pd8In2Se and Pd3Bi2Se2do not show any sign of hydrogen uptake according to DSC and X-ray diffraction. For Pd3Sn and Pd3Pb a significant hydrogen uptake with unit cell volume increases of 0.4 and 0.6 %, respectively, with a retained structure type of the parent intermetallic was observed. Hydrogenation of Pd5InSe yields Pd3InH≈0.9and a mixture of palladium selenides. Thermal analysis experiments in helium and in hydrogen atmosphere show that this is a multistep reaction with a decomposition of Pd5InSe to Pd3In and a liquid phase and subsequent hydrogenation of Pd3In.
Complex Multiplexing of Reward-Cue- and Licking-Movement-Related Activity in Single Midline Thalamus Neurons
Authors: Li Yuhong , Lindemann Christoph , Goddard Matthew J. , Hyland Brian I.
Published: March 2016

Midline thalamus is implicated in linking visceral and exteroceptive sensory information with behavior. However, whether neuronal activity is modulated with temporal precision by cues and actions in real time is unknown. Using single-neuron recording and a Pavlovian visual-cue/liquid-reward association task in rats, we discovered phasic responses to sensory cues, appropriately timed to modify information processing in output targets, as well as tonic modulations within and between trials that were differentially reward modulated, which may have distinct arousal functions. Many of the cue-responsive neurons also responded to repetitive licks, consistent with sensorimotor integration. Further, some lick-related neurons were activated only by the first rewarded lick and only if that lick were also part of a conditioned response sequence initiated earlier, consistent with binding action decisions to their ensuing outcome. This rich repertoire of responses provides electrophysiological evidence for midline thalamus as a site of complex information integration for reward-mediated behavior.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTDisparate brain circuits are involved in sensation, movement, and reward information. These must interact in order for the relationships between cues, actions, and outcomes to be learned. We found that responses of single neurons in midline thalamus to sensory cues are increased when associated with reward. This output may amplify similar signals generated in parallel by the dopamine system. In addition, some neurons coded a three-factor decision in which the neuron fired only if there was a movement, if it was the first one after the reward becoming available, and if it was part of a sequence triggered in response to a preceding cue. These data highlight midline thalamus as an important node integrating multiple types of information for linking sensation, actions, and rewards.
Sleep Modulation Alleviates Axonal Damage and Cognitive Decline after Rodent Traumatic Brain Injury
Authors: Morawska Marta M. , Büchele Fabian , Moreira Carlos Goncalves , Imbach Lukas L. , Noain Daniela , Baumann Christian R.
Published: March 2016

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of death and disability worldwide. It produces diffuse axonal injury (DAI), which contributes to cognitive impairment, but effective disease-modifying treatment strategies are missing. We have recently developed a rat model of closed skull TBI that reproduces human TBI consequences, including DAI and clinical sequelae such as memory impairment. Here, we investigated whether sleep modulation after trauma has an impact on DAI and memory outcome. We assessed cognition with the novel object recognition test and stained for amyloid precursor protein, a DAI marker. We found that both sleep induction and restriction acutely after TBI enhanced encephalographic slow-wave activity, markedly reduced diffuse axonal damage in the cortex and hippocampus, and improved memory impairment 2 weeks after trauma. These results suggest that enhancing slow-wave sleep acutely after trauma may have a beneficial disease-modifying effect in subjects with acute TBI.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a clinically important entity. Cognitive deficits belong to the most prevalent chronic posttraumatic symptoms, most likely due to diffuse axonal injury (DAI). A growing body of evidence suggests a role of sleep in the clearance of waste products in the brain, possibly including amyloid precursor protein (APP), a marker of DAI. In this study, we provide evidence that enhancement of slow-wave oscillatory activity in the delta-frequency range decreases the APP-immunoreactivity and preserves cognitive abilities after trauma, potentially offering novel, noninvasive treatment options for traumatic injury.
Blocking Synaptic Removal of GluA2-Containing AMPA Receptors Prevents the Natural Forgetting of Long-Term Memories
Authors: Migues Paola Virginia , Liu Lidong , Archbold Georgina E. B. , Einarsson Einar Ö. , Wong Jacinda , Bonasia Kyra , Ko Seung Hyun , Wang Yu Tian , Hardt Oliver
Published: March 2016

The neurobiological processes underpinning the natural forgetting of long-term memories are poorly understood. Based on the critical role of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors (GluA2/AMPARs) in long-term memory persistence, we tested in rats whether their synaptic removal underpins time-dependent memory loss. We found that blocking GluA2/AMPAR removal with the interference peptides GluA23Yor G2CT in the dorsal hippocampus during a memory retention interval prevented the normal forgetting of established, long-term object location memories, but did not affect their acquisition. The same intervention also preserved associative memories of food-reward conditioned place preference that would otherwise be lost over time. We then explored whether this forgetting process could play a part in behavioral phenomena involving time-dependent memory change. We found that infusing GluA23Yinto the dorsal hippocampus during a 2 week retention interval blocked generalization of contextual fear expression, whereas infusing it into the infralimbic cortex after extinction of auditory fear prevented spontaneous recovery of the conditioned response. Exploring possible physiological mechanisms that could be involved in this form of memory decay, we found that bath application of GluA23Yprevented depotentiation, but not induction of long-term potentiation, in a hippocampal slice preparation. Together, these findings suggest that a decay-like forgetting process that involves the synaptic removal of GluA2/AMPARs erases consolidated long-term memories in the hippocampus and other brain structures over time. This well regulated forgetting process may critically contribute to establishing adaptive behavior, whereas its dysregulation could promote the decline of memory and cognition in neuropathological disorders.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe neurobiological mechanisms involved in the natural forgetting of long-term memory and its possible functions are not fully understood. Based on our previous work describing the role of GluA2-containing AMPA receptors in memory maintenance, here, we tested their role in forgetting of long-term memory. We found that blocking their synaptic removal after long-term memory formation extended the natural lifetime of several forms of memory. In the hippocampus, it preserved spatial memories and inhibited contextual fear generalization; in the infralimbic cortex, it blocked the spontaneous recovery of extinguished fear. These findings suggest that a constitutive decay-like forgetting process erases long-term memories over time, which, depending on the memory removed, may critically contribute to developing adaptive behavioral responses.
Panic Anxiety in Humans with Bilateral Amygdala Lesions: Pharmacological Induction via Cardiorespiratory Interoceptive Pathways
Authors: Khalsa Sahib S. , Feinstein Justin S. , Li Wei , Feusner Jamie D. , Adolphs Ralph , Hurlemann Rene
Published: March 2016

We previously demonstrated that carbon dioxide inhalation could induce panic anxiety in a group of rare lesion patients with focal bilateral amygdala damage. To further elucidate the amygdala-independent mechanisms leading to aversive emotional experiences, we retested two of these patients (B.G. and A.M.) to examine whether triggering palpitations and dyspnea via stimulation of non-chemosensory interoceptive channels would be sufficient to elicit panic anxiety. Participants rated their affective and sensory experiences following bolus infusions of either isoproterenol, a rapidly acting peripheral β-adrenergic agonist akin to adrenaline, or saline. Infusions were administered during two separate conditions: a panic induction and an assessment of cardiorespiratory interoception. Isoproterenol infusions induced anxiety in both patients, and full-blown panic in one (patient B.G.). Although both patients demonstrated signs of diminished awareness for cardiac sensation, patient A.M., who did not panic, reported a complete lack of awareness for dyspnea, suggestive of impaired respiratory interoception. These findings indicate that the amygdala may play a role in dynamically detecting changes in cardiorespiratory sensation. The induction of panic anxiety provides further evidence that the amygdala is not required for the conscious experience of fear induced via interoceptive sensory channels.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTWe found that monozygotic twins with focal bilateral amygdala lesions report panic anxiety in response to intravenous infusions of isoproterenol, a β-adrenergic agonist similar to adrenaline. Heightened anxiety was evident in both twins, with one twin experiencing a panic attack. The twin who did not panic displayed signs of impaired cardiorespiratory interoception, including a complete absence of dyspnea sensation. These findings highlight that the amygdala is not strictly required for the experience of panic anxiety, and suggest that neural systems beyond the amygdala are also involved. Determining these additional systems could provide key neural modulation targets for future anxiolytic treatments.
Hormone receptor status does not alter the effect of trastuzumab in breast cancer
Authors: Ignatov Tanja , Eggemann Holm , Burger Elke , Costa Serban Dan , Ignatov Atanas
Published: March 2016

Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) predicts response to anti-HER2 therapy in breast cancer. We investigated whether hormone receptor (HR) status influences the treatment benefit of trastuzumab in patients with breast cancer. Data from 8338 patients with primary nonmetastatic breast cancer from the cancer registry of Saxony-Anhalt Germany were analyzed. A total of 5554 patients were eligible for analysis. The median follow-up of the study was 6 years. Of the 5554 patients investigated, 1128 (20.3%) showed HER2 overexpression and 656 (58.2%) of them received adjuvant trastuzumab. The 10-year overall survival (OS) in the study cohort according to HR, HER2 status, and trastuzumab treatment was as follows: 78.4% for HR−/HER2−, 85.0% for HR+/HER2−, 70.4% HR–/HER2+/TRA−, 71.4% for HR+/HER2+/TRA−, 80.9% for HR−/HER2+/TRA+, and 89.2% for HR+/HER2+/TRA+. Trastuzumab treatment improved OS in the HR− patients only in the first 3 years, whereas in the HR+ group the effect of trastuzumab was still apparent 5 years after diagnosis. Notably, the relative improvement in a patient outcome was higher for HR+ patients. Nevertheless, matching for age, histological type, tumor stage, tumor grade, and performance status between patients with HR− and HR+ tumors demonstrated that the survival effect of trastuzumab was not affected by HR status; P=0.890. Trastuzumab treatment improves patients’ survival regardless of HR status and should be offered to all HER2+ patients.
Poor Parental Sleep and the Reported Sleep Quality of Their Children
Authors: Rönnlund Hanni , Elovainio Marko , Virtanen Irina , Matomäki Jaakko , Lapinleimu Helena
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:

Pediatric sleep disturbances are regularly diagnosed on the basis of parental reports. However, the impact of parental sleeping problems on parental perceptions and reports of their child’s sleep has not yet been studied. We hypothesized that poor parental sleep decreases the parent-reported child sleep quality.

METHODS:

A 1-week actigraph recording was performed in 100 children aged 2 to 6 years recruited in 16 day care centers. Their biological parents completed a sleep diary and a Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children (SDSC) on children’s sleep. The parents also completed the Jenkins’ sleep scale on their own sleep, the 12-item General Health Questionnaire, and questions on demographic factors. Linear regression analyses were performed to study the association of the parental Jenkins’ score on their child’s total SDSC score. Analyses were also performed for 3 of the subscales of the SDSC: disorders of excessive somnolence, disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, and sleep-wake transition disorders.

RESULTS:

Parental sleeping problems were associated with more frequent reporting of children’s sleeping problems. This association was unexplained by the actigraph measures of children’s sleep, such as actual 24-hour sleep time and sleep efficiency, parental mental health problems, or any other tested potential confounder or mediator. Similar correlations were seen for the 3 analyzed subscales.

CONCLUSIONS:

Parental sleep quality was associated with overreporting of sleep problems in their children. This finding emphasizes the importance of considering parental sleep quality in the diagnosis, treatment, and research of pediatric sleeping problems.
Forecasting Gold Prices Based on Extreme Learning Machine
Authors: Sivalingam Kumar Chandar , Mahendran Sumathi , Natarajan Sivanandam
Published: March 2016

In recent years, the investors pay major attention to invest in gold market ecause of huge profits in the future. Gold is the only commodity which maintains ts value even in the economic and financial crisis. Also, the gold prices are closely elated with other commodities. The future gold price prediction becomes the warning ystem for the investors due to unforeseen risk in the market. Hence, an accurate gold rice forecasting is required to foresee the business trends. This paper concentrates on orecasting the future gold prices from four commodities like historical data’s of gold rices, silver prices, Crude oil prices, Standard and Poor’s 500 stock index (S&P500) ndex and foreign exchange rate. The period used for the study is from 1st January 000 to 31st April 2014. In this paper, a learning algorithm for single hidden layered eed forward neural networks called Extreme Learning Machine (ELM) is used which as good learning ability. Also, this study compares the five models namely Feed orward networks without feedback, Feed forward back propagation networks, Radial asis function, ELMAN networks and ELM learning model. The results prove that he ELM learning performs better than the other methods.
Biometrics Systems and Technologies: A survey
Authors: Buciu Ioan , Gacsadi Alexandru
Published: March 2016

In a nutshell, a biometric security system requires a user to provide some biometric features which are then verified against some stored biometric templates. Nowadays, the traditional password based authentication method tends to be replaced by advanced biometrics technologies. Biometric based authentication is becoming increasingly appealing and common for most of the human-computer interaction devices. To give only one recent example, Microsoft augmented its brand new Windows 10 OS version with the capability of supporting face recognition when the user login in. This chapter does not intend to cover a comprehensive and detailed list of biometric techniques. The chapter rather aims at briefly discussing biometric related items, including principles, definitions, biometric modalities and technologies along with their advantages, disadvantages or limitations, and biometric standards, targeting unfamiliar readers. It also mentions the attributes of a biometric system as well as attacks on biometrics. Important reference sources are pointed out so that the interested reader may gain deeper in-depth knowledge by consulting them.
Advanced Ovarian Cancer: Primary or Interval Debulking? Five Categories of Patients in View of the Results of Randomized Trials and Tumor Biology: Primary Debulking Surgery and Interval Debulking Surgery for Advanced Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Makar Amin P. , Tropé Claes G. , Tummers Philippe , Denys Hannelore , Vandecasteele Katrien
Published: March 2016

Background.

Standard treatment of stage III and IV advanced ovarian cancer (AOC) consists of primary debulking surgery (PDS) followed by chemotherapy. Since the publication of the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer/National Cancer Institute of Canada trial, clinical practice has changed and many AOC patients are now treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) followed by interval debulking surgery (IDS). The best option remains unclear. Ovarian cancer is a heterogenic disease. Should we use the diversity in biology of the tumor and patterns of tumor localization to better stratify patients between both approaches?

Methods.

This analysis was based on results of five phase III randomized controlled trials on PDS and IDS in AOC patients, three Cochrane reviews, and four meta-analyses.

Results.

There is still no evidence that NACT-IDS is superior to PDS. Clinical status, tumor biology, and chemosensitivity should be taken into account to individualize surgical approach. Nonserous (type 1) tumors with favorable prognosis are less chemosensitive, and omitting optimal PDS will lead to less favorable outcome. For patients with advanced serous ovarian cancer (type 2) associated with severe comorbidity or low performance status, NACT-IDS is the preferred option.

Conclusion.

We propose stratifying AOC patients into five categories according to patterns of tumor spread (reflecting the biologic behavior), response to chemotherapy, and prognosis to make a more rational decision between PDS and NACT-IDS.
Benign and Malignant Breast Disease at Rwanda’s First Public Cancer Referral Center
Authors: Pace Lydia E. , Dusengimana Jean-Marie V. , Hategekimana Vedaste , Habineza Hamissy , Bigirimana Jean Bosco , Tapela Neo , Mutumbira Cadet , Mpanumusingo Egide , Brock Jane E. , Meserve Emily , Uwumugambi Alain , Dillon Deborah , Keating Nancy L. , Shulman Lawrence N. , Mpunga Tharcisse
Published: March 2016

Background.

Breast cancer incidence is rising in low- and middle-income countries. Understanding the distribution of breast disease seen in clinical practice in such settings can guide early detection efforts and clinical algorithms, as well as support future monitoring of cancer detection rates and stage.

Patients and Methods.

We conducted a retrospective medical record review of 353 patients who presented to Butaro Cancer Center of Excellence in Rwanda with an undiagnosed breast concern during the first 18 months of the cancer program.

Results.

Eighty-two percent of patients presented with a breast mass. Of these, 55% were diagnosed with breast cancer and 36% were diagnosed with benign disease. Cancer rates were highest among women 50 years and older. Among all patients diagnosed with breast cancer, 20% had stage I or II disease at diagnosis, 46% had locally advanced (stage III) disease, and 31% had metastatic disease.

Conclusion.

After the launch of Rwanda’s first public cancer referral center and breast clinic, cancer detection rates were high among patients presenting with an undiagnosed breast concern. These findings will provide initial data to allow monitoring of changes in the distribution of benign and malignant disease and of cancer stage as cancer awareness and services expand nationally.
THE ACQUISITION OF PRAGMATIC DIMENSION IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING OF MALAY: AN EARLY REVIEW
Authors: Wahid Lokman Abd
Published: March 2016

AbstractThis study is focussing on the acquisition of pragmatic structure in the first language parameter, particularly in Malay.  The pragmatic structure assumes that a speaker innately has a choice for Face Threatening Acts (FTA's) in his construction of sentences for a particular conversation. The structure of FTA’s are Bald On-Record (BOR), Negative Politeness (NP), Positive Politeness (PP), and Off-Record-indirect strategy (OR).  From the pragmatic perspective, each of the FTA’s consists of a certain purpose. To look at the competency of pragmatic acquisition structure, subjects of this study were exposed through classroom interactions based on three learning outcomes.   For each learning outcome, subjects were given six situations which totalling to 18 situations for all the three learning outcomes mentioned.  Each situations demands subjects to discuss and interact using the FTA’s that they have already acquired.  The study shows that in regard of the acquisition of FTA’s among subjects, BOR acquired the highest score, followed by PP, NP, and OR in all the six situations undergone by the subjects.  Keywords: Face Threatening Acts (FTA’s), language acquisition, pragmatic AbstrakPenelitian ini berfokus pada akuisisi struktur pragmatis dalam parameter bahasa pertama, terutama dalam bahasa Melayu. Struktur pragmatis berasumsi bahwa seorang penutur memiliki pilihan untuk Tindak Tutur yang Mengancam Muka (Face Threatening Acts/FTA) dalam konstruksi kalimatnya dalam percakapan tertentu. Struktur FTA adalah Bald On-Record (BOR), Kesopanan Negatif (Negative Politeness/NP), Kesopanan Positif  (Positive Politeness/PP), dan strategi tidak langsung Off-Record (OR). Dari perspektif pragmatis, masing-masing dari FTA mengandung tujuan tertentu. Untuk melihat kompetensi akuisisi struktur pragmatis, subyek penelitian ini mengikuti interaksi kelas berdasarkan tiga hasil belajar. Untuk setiap hasil belajar, mata pelajaran diberi enam situasi sebanyak 18 situasi untuk ketiga hasil belajar yang disebutkan. Setiap situasi menuntut subyek untuk membahas dan berinteraksi menggunakan FTA yang telah mereka peroleh. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dalam hal akuisisi FTA, BOR memperoleh skor tertinggi, diikuti oleh PP, NP, dan OR dalam semua enam situasi yang dialami oleh subyek.Kata kunci: Tindak tutur mengancam muka (FTA), penguasaan bahasa, pragmatis
Self-assessment of managerial knowledge and skills of medical doctors in primary health care
Authors: Pilav Aida , Šačić Enes
Published: March 2016

Introduction: The aim of this paper was to evaluate the managerial knowledge and skills of mid-level managers – medical doctors in Medical center of the Canton Sarajevo.Methods: A cross-sectional study of the mid-level managers in the Medical center of the Canton Sarajevo was conducted using an originally developed questionnaire for self-assessment of managerial knowledge and skills. The respondents answered each of the questions using a 5-point Likert scale. Apart from the quantitative section, the respondents could present their observations concerning the educational needs in the health care system.Results: Almost 40% of the respondents said that the process of assessing health care needs is not conducted. No statistical significance was observed in the responses according to the length of service in a managerial position. In total, 41% of the respondents were not sure whether a plan exists, even though the development of these plans should be a principal managerial responsibility in the quality management. Managers who were longer in the position reported no plans for corrective actions. This result was in contrast with the answers obtained from the managers who were in the position for a shorter period. In addition, 91% of the respondents said that they regularly discuss problems with their employees.Conclusions: Self- assessment and assessment of managerial competencies should be regular activities in a health care organization, in order to monitor the knowledge and skills, as well as to make the development plans. The results of this study could serve as the basis for planning and developing the health management education in the Canton Sarajevo.
Spatial Segregation, Redistribution and Welfare: A Theoretical Model
Authors: Gabrieli Tommaso
Published: March 2016

This paper develops a theoretical model focusing on the effect that different neighborhood compositions can have on the formation of individual beliefs about economic opportunities. Specifically we highlight two effects that spatial segregation may have: (1) it can efficiently separate the individual effort choices of highly and low productive individuals, (2) it may imply that the median voter imposes a level of redistribution that is inefficient from the aggregate point of view. The trade-off implies that segregated and non-segregated cities may present very similar levels of aggregate welfare. We employ this framework to discuss how the structure of cities can play a role in the determination of US-type and Europe-type politico-economic equilibria and the implications for planning policies.
On the issue of intellectual disability in autism spectrum disorders
Authors: Morozov S.A. , Morozova T.I. , Belyavskiy B.V.
Published: March 2016

At the stage of school education in the framework of comprehensive support for children with autism spectrum dis¬order it is important to adequately access their educational needs while taking all aspects of autistic disorders into consideration including intellectual disorders. This article examines some moments of interconnection between autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability. It demonstrates that such interconnection can be treated as chronological comorbidity; it depicts dynamics and structure of connection between autism spectrum disorders and intellectual dis¬ability, different variants of qualitative characteristics of this connection; specifics of assessment of the level of intellect in autism spectrum disorders. The article provides practical recommendations for intellect assessment in children with autism spectrum disorder that allow avoiding mistakes in decision-making in educational trajectory of the child.
The experience of inclusion of students with autism spectrum disorders in the mainstream
Authors: Borisova N.V. , Bushmelev V.E.
Published: March 2016

State general education facility of the Moscow city School Kovcheg № 1321, Moscow, Russia, was founded 25 years ago by professionals of the Center for Curative Pedagogics and parents for education and social ad­aptation of children, including children with disabilities. The school functions based on the principles of in­tegrated education and inclusive approach in education, the educational environment in it was established, and it is adapted for the educational needs of each student on the maximum level. The article describes the experience and organizational forms of inclusion of children with autism spectrum disorders in the educational environment of the Kovcheg school, the main principles and approaches that are used in school education, the directions of the educators' work for creation of the inclusive environment.
Current Approach to the Study of Status Relations in Student Groups within the Framework of the School of Thought of the Department of Social Psychology at MSUPE
Authors: Sachkova M.Y.
Published: March 2016

The paper presents results of the verification of a new approach to the study of status relationships through the position of a middle status group member — the approach developed within the framework of A.V. Petrovsky’s theory of activity-mediated interpersonal relationships in groups and M.Yu. Kondratyev’s school of thought at the Department of Social Psychology (MSUPE). A series of empirical studies were carried out in educational organizations of various types in Moscow and Moscow oblast, with more than 1200 students participating as subjects. The paper reveals how the character of intragroup interactions, well-being and emotional climate, as well as the level of social psychological development in the group in general, are shaped by the system of relationships between the middle status students with their groupmates. The paper concludes with some considerations on the specifics of the role that the middle status student plays in his group’s activity and outlines further perspectives of the presented social psychological approach to the study of status relationships.
Self-Assessment and Appearance Evaluation in Student Group as Predictors in Relationships of Interpersonal Significance
Authors: Labunskaya V.A. , Kapitanova E.V.
Published: March 2016

The paper attempts to integrate the concept of relationships of interpersonal significance, approaches to the correlation between physical appearance and life satisfaction, as well as several concepts of interpersonal cognition, self-assessment and evaluations of other people’s physical appearance. It introduces the concept of “insignificant/significant assessor of appearance” and argues that among the factors that turn a group member into the “insignificant/significant assessor of appearance” are evaluations, self-evaluations and group evaluations of physical appearance. The research described in the paper involved 89 students aged 19—21 (M=20 years), 66 females and 23 males, members of five groups that have been studying together for three years. The methods employed in the study included: “The Evaluation/Content Interpretation of Appearance and its Correspondence with Gender/Age Constructs”, a technique developed by V.A. Labunskaya; a modification of a sociometric test that helped reveal “insignificant/significant assessors of appearance”. Also, nonparametric mathematical methods were used to carry out comparative analysis. The outcomes show that there are considerable differences between the self-assessments, evaluations of physical appearance of those group members who are “significant assessors of appearance”, and group evaluations of their appearance.

The research was conducted with the assistance of the Southern Federal University (project № 213.01-07-2014/15ПЧВГ “Threats to National Security in Situations of Geopolitical Competition and Models of Aggressive and Hostile Behavior in Children and Youth in Southern Russia” – project part of the inner grant of the Southern Federal University).
Social Psychological Determinants of Bicycle Commuting in Russia: An Empirical Examination of the Model of Goal-Directed Behavior
Authors: Prozorova K.V. , Grigoryan L.K.
Published: March 2016

This paper reports on the outcomes of verification of Perugini and Bagozzi’s model of goal-directed behavior, according to which determinants of bicycle commuting include one’s intention to behave this way, perceived behavioral control and frequency of past behavior, and the individual’s intention is, in turn, influenced by attitudes, perceived social approval and emotions associated with this behavior. The model was tested on a sample of 814 subjects living in several regions of Russia (av- erage age 31 years, 70.6% males) using a survey. The scales of social psychological determinants were translated and adapted from the surveys used in previous studies. Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling confirmed the initial hypotheses only partially. It was proved that positive attitudes, perceived social ap- proval, expected positive emotions and frequency of past behavior result in greater desire to commute by bicycle; and that this desire and frequency of past behavior positively affect the subjects’ intention, whereas perceived behavioral control (i.e. perceived difficulties with behaving this way) affects their intention negatively. In contrast to our expectations negative emotions and perceived behavioral control don’t seem to predict desire to commute by bicycle. The paper puts forward and ex- plores some new hypotheses on possible reasons for the absence of such correlations in the Russian context.
The Remarkable Member of the Russian Psychological Community. A Review on the Book by M.Yu. Kondratyev “Russian Professional Psychological Community”. Moscow, Genesis, 2015. 176 pp.
Authors: Dubrovina I.V.
Published: March 2016

A book by Mikhail Kondratyev “Russian Professional Psychological Community” has been released recently. The author himself defined this book’s genre as personal reminiscences about persons, events and problems in the Russian professional psy- chological community. Each book has its own destiny. Some evoke much interest at the time of publishing, but soon fade into oblivion; and some acquire more and more significance and meaning as the years go by. The reviewed book is by all means of the latter origin.
Amplitude-Integrated Electroencephalography Interpretation During Therapeutic Hypothermia: An Educational Program and Novel Teaching Tool
Authors: Sacco Lauren
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is now considered a standard in tertiary NICUs. Amplitude-integrated electroencephalography (aEEG) is an important adjunct to this therapy and is gaining acceptance for use on the neonatal population. It can be easily incorporated into practice with appropriate education and training. Current publications are lacking regarding nursing care of neonatal patients undergoing TH with the use of aEEG. This article presents a broad educational program as well as novel teaching tool for neonatal nurses caring for this population.
The Neurointensive Care Nursery and Evolving Roles for Nursing
Authors: Peloquin Susan , Carley Annette , Bonifacio Sonia L. , Glass Hannah C.
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Neonatal neurocritical care is an emerging subspecialty that combines the expertise of critical care medicine and neurology with that of nursing and other providers in an interprofessional team approach to care.1,2 Neurocritical care of the neonate has roots in adult and pediatric practice. It has been demonstrated that adults with acute neurologic conditions who are treated in a specialized neurocritical care unit have reduced morbidity and mortality, as well as decreased length of stay, lower costs, and reduced need for neurosurgical procedures. In pediatrics, neurocritical care has focused on various primary and secondary neurologic conditions complicating critical care that also contribute to mortality, morbidity, and duration of hospitalization. However, the concept of neurocritical care as a subspecialty in pediatric practice is still evolving, and evidence demonstrating improved outcomes is lacking.3–5 In the neonatal intensive care nursery, neurocritical care is also evolving as a subspecialty concept to address both supportive and preventive care and optimize neurologic outcomes for an at-risk neonatal patient population. To enhance effectiveness of this care approach, nurses must be prepared to appropriately recognize acute changes in neurologic status, implement protocols that specifically address neurologic conditions, and carefully monitor neurologic status to help prevent secondary injury. The complexity of this team approach to brain-focused care has led to the development of a specialized role: the neurocritical care nurse (neonatal intensive care nursery [NICN] nurse). This article will review key concepts related to neonatal neurocritical care and the essential role of nursing. It will also explore the emerging role of the NICN nurse in supporting early recognition and management of at-risk infants in this neonatal subspecialty practice.
Osteopenia of Prematurity: Does Physical Activity Improve Bone Mineralization in Preterm Infants?
Authors: Stalnaker Kelsey A. , Poskey Gail A.
Published: March 2016

Abstract

Bone mineralization of preterm infants is significantly less than full-term infants at birth, placing preterm infants at risk for osteopenia of prematurity and other metabolic bone diseases. Advances in nutritional supplementation and standard nursing care alone have been unsuccessful in improving bone mineralization postnatally. Research supports a daily physical activity protocol of passive range of motion and gentle joint compression when combined with adequate nutritional supplementation reduces osteopenia of prematurity. This article provides a systematic review of the current evidence surrounding early physical activity and neonatal massage for the treatment of osteopenia and indicates the need for universal handling protocols in caring for this unique population.
Childbearing Women’s Experiences of Early Pushing Urge
Authors: Celesia Monica , Nespoli Antonella , Borrelli Sara E.
Published: March 2016

AIM: To explore childbearing women’s experiences of early pushing urge (EPU).

STUDY DESIGN: A qualitative phenomenological study was undertaken in an Italian maternity hospital. The sample included 8 women that experienced EPU during labor. Data were collected through semistructured interviews.

FINDINGS: The findings are presented as three main themes: (a) women’s perceptions of EPU, (b) bodily sensations versus midwives’ advice: struggling between conflicting messages, and (c) the “a posteriori” feeling of women about midwives’ guidance during EPU. The perception of EPU was characterized by sense of obstruction, bone pain, and different intensity of pushing efforts when compared with those of the expulsive phase. Women found it difficult to follow the midwife’s suggestion to stop pushing because this contradicted their bodily sensations. However, the women recognized a posteriori the importance of the midwife’s support while experiencing EPU. Women appreciated the midwives’ presence and emotional support most of all because they seemed to be more concerned with the personal relationship they formed in labor rather than the usefulness or appropriateness of their advice.

CONCLUSION: Midwives should consider women’s physical perceptions to help them cope with EPU, acknowledging that women may struggle when caregivers’ suggestions are in contrast to their physical perceptions. The women’s overall positive experiences of birth suggest that EPU might be considered as a physiological event during labor, reinforcing the hypotheses of previous research. The optimal response to the EPU phenomenon remains unclear and should be studied, considering EPU at different dilatation ranges and related clinical outcomes.
Women’s Experience of Birth: Childbirth as a Rite of Passage
Authors: Reed Rachel , Barnes Margaret , Rowe Jennifer
Published: March 2016

BACKGROUND:Within midwifery, there is a move toward reclaiming and promoting physiological birth. Because midwifery is woman-centered in nature, it is essential that the experience of birth is understood from the woman’s perspective. To date, there has been little research focusing exclusively on women’s experience of physiological birth.

AIM:The aim of this study was to explore women’s experiences of physiological birth.

METHOD:A narrative approach was taken, and in-depth face-to-face interviews were used to gather birth stories. The participants were 10 women who had recently experienced a physiological birth. Data were analyzed to identify themes occurring across the narratives.

FINDINGS:The findings are presented within the explanatory framework of childbirth as a rite of passage composing of three phases: separation, liminal, and incorporation. During birth, women separated from the external world and sought to minimize external and internal distractions. In the liminal phase, they entered “their own world” and experienced an altered state of consciousness. After their baby was born, they reintegrated with the external world and incorporated their birth experience into their sense of self.

CONCLUSION:The findings of this study suggest that women’s experiences during physiological birth are multidimensional and not aligned with biomedical descriptions of physically defined stages of labor. Birth was an empowering and transformative experience for the women in the study. The rites of passage framework may assist with developing a discourse about birth that resonates with women’s experiences.
Identification of seed storage protein markers for drought tolerance in mungbean
Authors: Tripathy Swapan Kumar , Mohanty Priyadarshini , Jena Monalisha , Dash Sasmita , Lenka Devraj , Mishra Dayanidhi , Nayak Pramod Kumar , Swain Digbijaya , Ranjan Rajesh , Pradhan Kedareswar , Senapati Niranjan , Mohapatra Pavitra Mohan , Dash Gokul Bihari
Published: March 2016

A set of 292 mungbean germplasm accessions including 62 popularly adapted local land races and two wild forms (Vigna radiata var. sublobata), important breeding lines and standard ruling varieties were screened for drought stress tolerance at seedling stage.  Eight genotypes e.g., C. No. 35, OUM 14-1, OUM 49-2, Pusa 9072, OM 99-3, Banapur local B, Nipania munga, Kalamunga 1-A) have been identified to possess drought tolerance.  Globulin seed storage protein profiling was carried out in 19 selected mungbean genotypes comprising eight drought tolerant, seven drought sensitive, two wild forms of mungbean (TCR 20 and TCR 213) and two standard checks (LGG 460 and T 2-1) to explore differentially expressed polypeptides. Seed protein profiles revealed 15 scorable polypeptide bands with molecular weights ranging from 10.0 to 102.2kD. A specific 12.8kD polypeptide band was present in all above drought tolerant test genotypes including the wild accession TCR 20. Such a polypeptide band may serve as useful biochemical marker for identification of drought tolerant genotypes in mungbean.

            Key words: Genetic diversity, seed storage protein profile, wild and cultivated Vigna radiata.