bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Dampak Transisi Pembelajaran Online ke Offline Terhadap Kesehatan Psikologis Siswa Sekolah Menengah Pertama Negeri 27 Makassar
Authors: Hidayat Nurul , Asrina Andi , Batara Andi Surahman
Published: September 2024

Dampak psikis pembelajaran online yang di rasakan oleh siswa-siswi mengakibatkan terjadinya frustasi serta perubahan emosional di karenakan tidak terbiasanya siswa belajar di rumah hal ini menyebabkan susahnya berkomunikasi, dan tidak adanya tempat untuk bertanya serta pemahaman siswa terkait dengan mata pelajaran yang diberikan kurang dipahami dan dimengerti oleh siswa itu sendiri, sehingga itu berdampak pada psikis siswa di sekolah maupun dirumah Jenis penelitian yaitu quasi kualitatif bermaksud untuk mengkaji dan mengekslorasi dampak psikiologi secara observasi dan indept interview serta dokumentasi selama penelitian. Informan dalam peneltian ini berjumlah 8 orang diantaranya informan biasa yang dipilih dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling, 2 Informan pendukung yaitu orang tua siswa dan 1 Informan kunci dari kepala sekolah sekolah pertama negeri 27 makassar. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa transisi pembelajaran online ke offline salah satu dampaknya adalah mobilitas dan pertemuan tatap muka, pemahaman siswa terkait pembelajaran online ke offline agak terkendala karena metode yang berikan oleh siswa mengharuskan untuk mengerjakan tugas dan kurang penjelasan dari guru, selanjutnya berpengaruh pada kemampuan mengingat hal yang harus ditingkatkan adalah mengembalikan ingatan yang dahulu agar siswa dapa mengerti materi yang diberikan , hal ini membuat siswa merasa stress yang mengakibatkan cemas dan menjadi masalah yang besar yang akan dialami peserta didik jika tidak segera diatasi.Transisi pembelajaran online ke offline ini harus membutuhkan pengawasan dari guru agar siswa bisa terbiasa dengan pembelajaran yang diberikan oleh guru agar tidak merasa stress dan cemas pada saat pembelajaran.
Фактори впливу на функціонування системи військового обліку призовників, військовозобов’язаних та резервістів
Authors: Георгадзе О. , Тютюнник В.
Published: September 2024

В умовах відбиття агресії Російської Федерації (РФ) потреба у людських мобілізаційних ресурсах в Україні збільшується. Для фіксації, накопичення та аналізу наявних людських мобілізаційних ресурсів в державі організовується і ведеться військовий облік призовників, військовозобов’язаних та резервістів. Процедура ведення військового обліку є процесом з великою кількістю невизначеностей, тому виникає об’єктивна необхідність у вивченні факторів впливу на функціонування системи військового обліку.
Фактори, які впливають на процес функціонування системи військового обліку, можна поділити на три класи:
фактори, що визначаються властивостями (якостями) системи;
фактори, що характеризують способи застосування системи;
фактори, що характеризують умови застосування системи.
Аналіз факторів, що впливають на систему військового обліку здійснено у рамках блокової системи, побудованої за наступним логічним принципом:
фактори зовнішнього макросередовища → фактори зовнішнього мікросередовища → фактори внутрішнього середовища.
До факторів зовнішнього макросередовища, що спричиняють вплив на функціонування системи військового обліку варто віднести наступні групи: економічна, культурно-освітня, технологічна, та соціальна.
Фактори зовнішнього мікросередовища впливають на процеси державного регулювання системи військового обліку та характеризують політичні, законодавчі, організаційно-управлінські, інформаційно-пропагандистські, демографічні та  морально-психологічні аспекти.
Внутрішні фактори визначаються особливостями досліджуваної системи. Як правило, вони відносяться до таких, якими можна керувати і відображають вплив елементів системи на хід і результат функціонування системи військового обліку.
У статті досліджено та класифіковано основні фактори впливу на процес організації військового обліку.
Окремі риси підготовки до захисту держави під час організації всеохоплюючої оборони України
Authors: Цевельов О.
Published: September 2024

До 2014 року в Україні фактично не існувало цілісного інтегрованого сектору безпеки і оборони, що у повній мірі було відчутно, коли Російська Федерація (РФ) розпочала нетипову для звичайного збройного конфлікту, гібридну агресію проти України, а з початком повномасштабного вторгнення Росії на територію України викрилися всі недоліки в організації територіальної оборони та захисту держави. Тому питання захисту держави та організації територіальної оборони на сьогодні дуже актуально і потребує подальшого вивчення та вдосконалення.
Мета статті полягає у висвітленні проблем захисту держави та організації територіальної оборони у контрольованих прикордонних районах на основі аналізу чинного законодавства, ролі і місця органів (підрозділів) охорони державного кордону та Сил територіальної оборони Збройних Сил України, інших військових формувань у реалізації оборонної функції держави та безпосередньої участі в охороні і обороні територіальної цілісності держави як у мирний час, так і під час введення правового режиму воєнного стану.
Одним із основних напрямків вдосконалення захисту держави є спільна підготовка підрозділів сил оборони України та Сил ТрО, яка має бути направлена, перед за все, на спільне виконання завдань із захисту державного кордону та територіальної цілісності, вмінню разом діяти в любих умовах обстановки.
Подальший розвиток сил оборони України потребує перегляд поглядів з питань залучення до захисту кордону та оборони держави Сил ТрО ЗС України за єдиним планом та під єдиним керівництвом.
Досвід розвинутих країн у створенні ТрО та підготовки стратегічного резерву для сил оборони потребує глибокого вивчення і впровадження в практичну діяльність, враховуючи підсумки повномасштабної агресії, національні традиції та можливості держави.
Реалізація міжнародно-правових норм щодо поводження з військовополоненими під час відсічі широкомасштабної збройної агресії РФ проти України
Authors: Каптан М.
Published: September 2024

Україна імплементувала міжнародне гуманітарне право (МГП) через ратифікацію відповідних міжнародних угод. З початком широкомасштабної збройної агресії РФ проти України ця проблема набула нової актуальності – норми МГП, які зобов’язують дотримуватися правил утримання військовополонених не були належним чином відображені в національному законодавстві. Крім того, загальний аналіз показує, що проблема катувань українських військовополонених у РФ є глибоко вкоріненою та систематичною. Вона виходить за межі окремих випадків і має широкомасштабний характер, що свідчить про серйозні порушення МГП.
Мета статті полягає в аналізі реалізації міжнародно-правових норм щодо поводження з військовополоненими під час відсічі широкомасштабної збройної агресії РФ проти України, з урахуванням систематичних порушень норм МГП щодо українських військовополонених у РФ, випадків катувань та жорстокого поводження.
Мета Міжнародної місії ООН в Україні полягає у моніторингу та документуванні ситуацій стосовно порушень норм МГП, які пов’язані зі збройним конфліктом, зокрема:
- збір доказів і свідчень про порушення, включаючи випадки жорстокого поводження, катувань, викрадень, позасудових страт, і насильства стосовно мирного населення та військовополонених;
- сприяння діалогу між урядом, громадянським суспільством, і міжнародними організаціями з питань прав людини.
Дослідження показало, що українське законодавство щодо військовополонених, ратифіковане відповідно до МГП, забезпечує їх захист і відповідне поводження. Воно охоплює питання утримання, медичного забезпечення, правового статусу та прав військовополонених. У статті запропоновані заходи для підвищення ефективності роботи Міжнародної місії ООН в Україні.
Ethical AI in Information Technology: Navigating Bias, Privacy, Transparency, and Accountability
Authors:   National Technical University of Athens, Greece, Sargiotis Dimitrios
Published: September 2024

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies has fundamentally transformed the landscape of information technology (IT), offering unprecedented opportunities for innovation and efficiency. However, these advancements also bring significant ethical challenges, including issues of bias, privacy, transparency, and accountability. This paper explores these ethical challenges and proposes a comprehensive ethical framework for the responsible development and deployment of AI in IT. Through an examination of historical context, current trends, and detailed case studies, the framework aims to provide actionable guidelines to mitigate biases, protect privacy, enhance transparency, and ensure accountability in AI systems. By fostering ethical AI practices, this framework aspires to support the sustainable and equitable advancement of AI technologies, ultimately benefiting society as a whole
Penerapan Aplikasi UMKM Penjualan Berbasis Android pada Kedai Betawi Mpok Mimin
Authors: Sudewa Arby , Nawindah Nawindah , Tju Teja Endra Eng
Published: September 2024

Kegiatan UMKM pada kedai Mpok Mini dilakukan dengan menerapkan aplikasi penjualan berbasis Android. Masalah yang terjadi seringnya terjadi kesalahan dalam pencatatan transaksi terlebih pemesanan pada saat bersamaan sehingga diperlukan alat bantu berupa aplikasi yang digunakan untuk mempermudah pencatatan transaksi . Metode yang digunakan persiapan, survei, perancangan dan pembuatan aplikasi, pelatihan penggunaan aplikasi,  evaluasi dan pelaporan. Hasil dari kegiatan ini adalah tingkat pemahaman peserta 50% sudah paham, 30% sedikit paham dan 20% belum paham. Dengan adanya penerapan dan penggunaan aplikasi ini meminimalisir kesalahan yang sering terjadi.
Analisa Manajemen Rantai Pasokan Pada UPP KPBS Pangalengan
Authors: Prihatna Nana , Adharianto Beni , Kusuma Muhamad Rifky , Triadi Andri , Noerfadillah Arsyal , Pitria Qorry Annisya
Published: September 2024

Kegiatan ini dilakukan di Unit Pengolahan Pakan (UPP) Koperasi Peternakan Bandung Selatan (KPBS) Pangalengan, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat, pada tanggal 11 Juni 2024. Bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan Supply Chain Management (SCM) pada UPP KPBS Pangalengan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil dari penerapan sistem SCM dapat mengintregrasikan stok pakan ternak yang teratur. Koperasi UPP tidak hanya berperan sebagai penghasil pangan yang berkualitas, tetapi juga sebagai agen perubahan sosial yang mampu memberikan dampak positif bagi masyarakat sekitar. SCM memiliki peran penting dalam menghubungkan pelaku rantai pasokan untuk mencapai efisiensi dan ketepatan waktu dalam pengadaan bahan baku serta distribusi produk Dengan SCM yang baik, keuntungan dan pelayanan dapat ditingkatkan dan konsumen merasa puas karena mendapatkan produk berkualitas dengan harga terjangkau
Strategi Peningkatan Minat Kunjung Ulang: Kajian Lokasi dan Fasilitas Metro Indah Mall
Authors: Suprapto Suprapto
Published: September 2024

Sebagai mal yang ada di Kota Bandung, Metro Indah Mall memiliki lokasi yang strategis dan fasilitas yang lengkap. Hal ini ditunjang oleh lokasi Metro Indah Mall yang mudah diakses oleh masyarakat baik menggunakan kendaraaan umum maupun kendaraaan pribadi. Selain itu hal yang menunjang lainnya adalah fasilitas yang cukup lengkap dan layak untuk digunakan oleh pengunjung. Namun jumlah pengunjung yang berkunjung ke Metro Indah Mall beberapa tahun ini sangat sedikit. Tujuan pelaksanaan ini adalah untuk mengetahui seberapa besar pengaruh Lokasi dan Fasilitas dalam menentukan Minat Kunjung Ulang masyarakat ke Metro Indah Mall. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif-verifikatif. Populasi dalam adalah masyarakat yang pernah berkunjung ke Metro Indah Mall tetapi tidak berkunjung ulang. Sebanyak 116 sampel responden diperoleh dengan rumus sampel Wibisono. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa lokasi dan fasilitas mempengaruhi minat kunjung ulang
Cambios histológicos en el tejido pulpar para determinación del tiempo de muerte
Authors: Murillo Pulgar Tania Jacqueline , Cáceres Manzano Verónica Paulina
Published: September 2024

Introducción. Los cambios histológicos que presenta la pulpa después de la muerte nos dan información relevante para determinar el periodo post mortem, se presentan cambios significativos en el tejido pulpar como necrosis, degeneración de los odontoblastos, congestión vascular, etc. Estos cambios están influenciados por factores del ambiente, haciendo de los dientes marcadores biológicos útiles en la odontología forense. Objetivo. Determinar los cambios histológicos a nivel microscópico que experimenta el tejido pulpar para establecer el periodo transcurrido después de la muerte de un individuo. Metodología. La investigación es de enfoque cualitativa no experimental, de tipo descriptivo y transversal, que plantea recopilar y analizar información de fuentes bibliográficas de relevancia. Entre los criterios de selección se incluyen: la edad de los sujetos estudiados (niños y adultos), el período de publicación (2018-2024), los idiomas (inglés y español) y el tipo de estudio (descriptivo y búsqueda sistemática de información literaria). Resultados. los cambios histológicos que son iniciados con la necrosis pulpar van a dar paso a procesos que acompañados con la invasión bacteriana empiezan a degradar el tejido, este análisis en el campo forense ayuda a determinar el tiempo de muerte transcurrido, la mineralización que experimenta la pulpa ayuda a determinar la edad del cadáver. Esto también representa una herramienta en criminalística para la investigación de crímenes.  Conclusión.  El tejido pulpar interno de las piezas dentales sufren cambios histológicos después de que una persona muere y al ser analizados son una valiosa fuente de información que contribuye en la práctica de la odontología forense. Área de estudio general: odontología. Área de estudio específica: odontología forense
Technological parameters of coal extraction concentration processes for thin seams
Authors: Dychkovskyi Roman , Shavarskyi Iaroslav , Saik Pavlo , Falshtynskyi Volodymyr , Lozynskyi Vasyl , Pererva Andrii
Published: September 2024

The issue of intensifying coal mining processes, while justifying appropriate technological support and integrating all aspects of the accompanying mining activities at mines with opportunities for future development, is addressed. The parameters for concentrating mining operations in the pillar system for developing coal seams with paired lavas are substantiated by assessing stress within the mine field section. The regularities of force and deformation parameters on mechanized supports during the operation of paired benches have been established. Recommendations have been developed regarding optimal parameters for conducting mining operations and methods for managing the roof during the concentration of mining operations in the pillar system for developing a coal seam with paired lavas. The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed solutions is demonstrated using examples from mines in the Lviv-Volyn coal basin. This publication targets a wide audience, including employees of research institutes and project organizations, engineering and technical staff at mining enterprises. It also provides valuable insights for educators, graduate students, masters, and undergraduates specializing in mining at higher education institutions.
Inclusion of the military in the national social and economic space
Authors: L. V Shynkaruk , E. V Prushkivska , L. M Shepeleva
Published: September 2024

Methods. In the course of study, the following methods were used: comparative analysis – in analyzing the inclusion of veterans in the socio-economic space of countries where there is a significant number of military personnel returning from conflict zones or discharged from military service; method of analysis and synthesis – in determining the directions of military inclusion in the national socio-economic space; method of classifications – in identifying the main types of business that may be most favorable for Ukrainian veterans in their integration into the national economy; induction and deductions – when formulating research conclusions. Results. The article defines the need and role of military inclusion in the social environment for the stability and development of the country. The reasons and directions for the inclusion of Ukrainian veterans in the socio-economic space of the country are identified to ensure the psychological and social well-being of veterans, the effective use of human capital, political stability, cultural integration and social justice. It is substantiated that Ukraine should develop measures to fight for a person and for the humanity in working with the military and the population affected by combat operational stress, and create a unified system for the treatment and socialization of war veterans. It is established that the choice of future business depends on the individual skills, interests and experience of veterans, as well as on market conditions and available resources in the country. The author emphasizes the need for support from the state and public organizations to ensure the successful start and development of business by former military personnel. The author summarizes that stimulating business for veterans in Ukraine requires a comprehensive approach that includes financial, educational, consulting, information and infrastructure support. This will help veterans successfully integrate into the economic life of the country and contribute to its development. Novelty. It is proved that the inclusion of former military personnel in the socio-economic space of the country in the context of the social, economic and political plane will shape Ukraine as a country dominated by inclusive development in general, and for veterans will facilitate their integration into civilian life and their active involvement in the development of the country. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by institutions in the process of developing strategies and programs for the inclusion of veterans in the socio-economic space at both the regional and national levels of the country.
Quantifying the digital economy according to the proposed framework
Authors: Mshvidobadze T. I
Published: September 2024

Methods. The article is based on a thorough analysis of data on the development of the digital economy, obtained from experts, researchers and partners specializing in the collection and processing of statistical data. The concept proposed in the article is formed based on both the basic definition of the digital economy and the methodology of measuring its scale basing on the calculation of added value. The digital economy estimation method is based on the use of national accounts and reflects the digital economy in the general context of gross domestic product (GDP). Results. The article examines the role of digital technologies in the socio-economic development of society. The changes that the modern model of interaction between business and society undergoes under the influence of digitalization processes are demonstrated. Special attention is paid to the research of existing systems for measuring the scale of the digital economy. The possibility of applying an approach to the assessment of the digitalization of the economy, which is based on the macroeconomic approach of consumption-output, proposed by W. Leontief, is considered. For its implementation, available data from the system of national accounts were used, namely: information on sixteen economies in Asia, Europe, North America and the Pacific region, including Australia. The study identified digitized sectors around the core perimeter of the digital economy, and predicted that countries with high imports of digital products, as well as industries that are highly dependent on the functioning of core digital sectors, are likely to have lower digital economy scores than others. Novelty. An improved methodological approach to measuring the scale of the digital economy is proposed, which consists in estimating its share in the total GDP of the country based on the calculation of the added value of a set of key digital products created within the national economy. Practical value. The results of the study are relevant to modern global problems, as they form a comprehensive statistical perspective of the review of the development of the digital economy.
Digital dimension of human capital development
Authors: Pylypenko Yu. I , Shvets A. S
Published: September 2024

Methods. When conducting the research, the following methods were used: scientific generalization – when determining the essence of the categories «digitalization», «digital economy», «human capital»; analysis and synthesis – when clarifying trends and forms of development of digitalization processes; logical analysis – when establishing the correlation between indicators of the development of the digital economy and human capital. Results. The article analyzes theoretical approaches to defining the concepts of «digitalization» and «digital economy». The importance of digital transformation processes in modern society is emphasized, in particular as a transition to new ways of working and thinking with the use of digital, social, mobile and new technologies. The main digital systems of the digitized environment are characterized. It is emphasized that the functioning of the digital economy based on digital systems is due to, firstly, the presence of a special infrastructure formed with the help of hardware, software, telecommunications, and secondly, specific business models that function based on the use of computer networks within virtual interactions and, thirdly, electronic commerce, through which trade operations are implemented within the global Internet network. The essence of human capital, its types and conditions of formation are analyzed. The existing approaches to the evaluation of human capital are considered, the need to take into account aspects of information technology ownership when measuring its level of development is emphasized. The indicators of the development of the digital economy and human capital were considered, a direct correlation between them was established. Novelty. Correspondence between the indicators of the development of human capital and the digital economy has been established. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the process of assessing the level of development of national human capital.
Effect of globalization on the technological changes tendencies
Authors: Lazebnyk L. L
Published: September 2024

Methods. The following scientific methods are the methodological basis of the research: analytical – when distinguishing positive and negative aspects of the globalization process; concrete and abstract – when generalizing the nature of the impact of globalization processes on technological development; analysis and synthesis – when clarifying the cyclic patterns of technological changes. Results. The cyclic patterns of technological changes under the influence of globalization processes are analyzed. The contradictory nature of the processes of globalization in modern conditions, which led to the regionalization of world economic relations and affected the nature of international competition, was highlighted. On the basis of the theories of long-term fluctuations, the cyclic patterns of technological changes are considered. It is emphasized that different approaches to studying the regularities of long-term economic dynamics and processes of periodic renewal of technological methods of production complement each other. The nature of structural crises as a phase of long-term economic fluctuations is revealed. It is noted that in modern conditions, the nature of technological changes is determined by the mutual influence of globalization processes, scientific and technological progress, and economic policy. Novelty. It has been established that the nature of technological changes, as an objective process of periodic renewal of technological methods of production, in modern conditions is significantly modified by the contradictory processes of globalization. Practical value. The results of the study can be used by scientists, representatives of the state authorities in the process of research and development of mechanisms of technological modernization of the national economy of Ukraine.
Sustainability marketing when introducing a new product to the market
Authors: Kasian S. Ya , Tsiupa H. O , Shebanov O. B
Published: September 2024

Methods. The study of the problems of marketing development was based on the conceptual foundations of the theory of sustainability marketing. As methodological approaches, SNW-analysis was used – for the purpose of researching the factors of the marketing environment, BCG matrix – for the analysis of product potential. Specific tools of scientific research were used: statistical methods – to demonstrate the dynamics of financial and economic indicators of the enterprise's activity; comparison – when comparing the prices of commodity products. Results. There are analyzed the marketing activities of a large company, a leader in the mineral water market, a part of a large corporation IDS Group Ukraine, a well-known trademark «Morshynska». The analysis of the internal environment of the enterprise, in particular, the SNWanalysis for TM «Morshynska» is carried out. It is determined that the growth of awareness of ecology and sustainable development can stimulate demand for environmentally friendly products, including mineral water. It is determined that sustainability marketing is the formation of heterogeneous demand on the basis of sustainability and care for the environment, long-term prospects for the development of society. The focus of the enterprise's marketing strategy on eco-standards of products, as well as the expansion of the manufacturer's range, is very reasonable. Novelty. Based on the results of the analysis, it is determined that the enterprise PJSC MZMV «OSCAR» should use a diversification strategy to open a new direction of its products – «green marketing». Practical value. The conducted analysis allows to improve the management of marketing activities of manufacturing enterprises in the plane of sustainable development.
Reticulocyte haemoglobin content in the differential diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia and thalassemia traits in pregnancy
Authors: Islam Nayla , Paul Debatosh , Karim Rezaul , Rahman Towhidur , Rifat Sumaia
Published: September 2024

Background: Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and thalassemia traits are the common conditions of microcytic hypochromic anaemia in pregnant women. However, the laboratory tests to differentiate them are expensive. The reticulocyte haemoglobin (Ret-Hb) test is relatively cheap. This study aimed to assess whether Ret-Hb can differentiate IDA from thalassemia traits in pregnant patients.
Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) from March 2023 to February 2024. We recruited pregnant women aged 18 to 40 through antenatal visits in the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department. Microcytic hypochromic anaemia was diagnosed by complete blood counts, IDA by iron profile and thalassemia traits by haemoglobin electrophoresis. Ret-Hb was measured using the flow cytometric method. Ninety pregnant women—30 each with IDA, thalassemia traits and healthy individuals—were enrolled. 
Result: The mean age was 27 years. The IDA patients had significantly (P<0.001) lower levels of Ret-Hb (mean 18.1, standard deviation 3.2 pg) compared to thalassemia traits (20.8, 2.2 pg) and healthy pregnant women (29.2, 1.9 pg). Using a Ret-Hb cut-off point of 19 pg, the test had 86.7% sensitivity and 53.3% specificity to differentiate thalassemia traits from IDA.
Conclusion: Ret-Hb could be considered a diagnostic test to differentiate thalassemia traits from IDA in clinical settings before expensive confirmatory tests are performed.
Evaluation of the Patients with Placenta Praevia in Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh
Authors: Sharmin Tahmina , Hasan Mohammad Rajibul , Mirza Tayeeba Tanzin , Shamsi Sanjida , Panna Laila Kamrunzzahan
Published: September 2024

Placenta praevia is a life-threatening condition both for mother and foetus and defines high risk pregnancy. A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted from July to December of 2021 in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh, to assess the relationship between previous Caesarean scar and subsequent development of placenta praevia. A total of 48 women of placenta parevia were taken in this study as diagnosed through ultrasonogram. In age distribution of these patients, peak incidence was found in the 26-35 years age group (54.10%) and the oldest was at her 42 years. Most of the patients (35.41%) did not take any antenatal check-up before their admission into hospital. The majority patients (64.58%) had history of previous Caesarean scar than vaginal delivery (35.41%) and previous two scars (51.61%) were most common. Ultrasonographically, partial variety was more (29.10%) common than others. Most pregnancies were (78.08%) delivered abdominally.  In fetal outcome, 22.91% of babies were premature but did not need any NICU support, whereas 22.83% needed admission into NICU. Primary postpartum haemorrhage was the most common among complications (37.50%). This study suggests identifying the risk factors for placenta praevia. Early diagnosis, creating awareness and organizing a strong supportive surgical skilled team are needed to reduce maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in such cases.  
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 135-140
Study on Impact of Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Renal Function in Postpartum Period
Authors: Hasi Husne Har , Arefin Mohammad Shakib Uz Zaman , Rashid Harun Ur , Zaman Nasrin Ara , Hasan Mahmud Javed , Bari Amit
Published: September 2024

A prospective, observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology of Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka, Bangladesh, to assess pre-delivery and post-delivery (5 days after administration of NSAID) change in renal function by determining the serum creatinine levels in pregnant women. The study was conducted on 120 purposively selected patients attending for their delivery purpose in the selected hospital from January to June of 2022. Following the delivery, tablet Paracetamol 500 mg thrice a day for 5 days have been prescribed to all the respondents. Diclofenac Sodium 100 mg suppository twice a day up to for 3 days had been prescribed with dosage adjusted as required. Serum creatinine levels were evaluated on two time points: the day before delivery and 5 days after delivery. Compared to the day before delivery, 53.3% of the respondents showed increased level of serum creatinine 5 days after delivery. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was identified in 9.17% patients with a change more than 0.3 mg/dL from the pre-delivery report. The change in the serum creatinine level pre-delivery to post delivery was statistically significant, which was also dependent on the NSAIDs dose with a positive linear association. Though NSAIDs regarded as a safe choice for postpartum pain management, yet apparently healthy mothers showed fluctuations in serum creatinine level in association to dosage of NSAIDs use.  
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 141-147
Outcome of Subarachnoid Block with Low Dose Bupivacaine and Fentanyl for Lower Limb Vascular Surgeries in Patients with Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Abbasi Md Mahmud , Shaheen Md Shafiul Alam , Ahmed Raju , Saklayen SMG , Alam Md Mahbubul
Published: September 2024

Subarachnoid block (SAB) with local anesthetics and opioids (fentanyl) and able to perform spinal anesthesia because of the synergistic effects and allow top use of low dose local anesthetics which results in a stable hemodynamic state. A randomized clinical trial was conducted to observe the cardiovascular effects of subarachnoid block (SAB) with low dose bupivacaine and fentanyl on patient with coronary artery disease, between January 2021 and December 2022. A total of 36 patients who had known case of coronary artery disease. All patients underwent spinal block for lower limb surgery with 7.5 mg hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and 25 µg fentanyl. In each patient, 1 mg I/V midazolam was used and if needed subsequent may be given. Complications related to anesthesia such as hypotension, bradycardia, vasopressor need, and blood or volume use were recorded. Our study shows at the 90-minutes of spinal block, patients with EF ≤40% experienced a decrease of 10.5% in systolic blood pressure, while those with EF>40% experienced a larger decrease of 19%. At the 90-minutes of spinal block, percentage decrease was higher in the EF>40% group (19.5% vs. 14%) in diastolic blood pressure. At the 90-minutes of spinal block, patients with EF ≤ 40% experienced a decrease of 13% in MAP, while those with EF>40% experienced a larger decrease of 19%. The findings demonstrate that patients with EF>40% exhibited larger percentage decreases in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and MAP compared to those with EF ≤40%. The difference was statically significant (P<0.05). Our study recommends subarachnoid block with low dose of bupivacaine and fentanyl is effective in lower limbs surgeries for patients with coronary artery disease particularly with low EF. 
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 169-175
Cadaver Study on Variation of Nutrient Foramina of Adult Human Humeri in Bangladeshi Population
Authors: Haque Shah Md Atiqul , Mehataz Tasnova , Afros Farzana , Jewel Abdul Alim , Latif Md Safat , Rahman Md Mostafizur , Ara Rifat , Ismatsara Mst , Saha Nirjhar , Chowdhury Md Ashiqur Rahman , Sharma Netay Kumer
Published: September 2024

The nutrient foramen is an opening in the bone shaft which allows passage to the blood vessels of the modularly cavity of a bone for its nourishment and growth. Nutrient artery is the major source of blood supply to bone and it plays an important role in healing of fracture and trauma and is also important for bone grafting. This cross-sectional, descriptive cadaver based study aims to determine the presence, direction, common location, position and number of nutrient foramen of adult human humerus in a Bangladeshi population. One hundred samples (43 on right  and  57 on left) were selected through the purposive sampling technique which was carried out in the Department of Anatomy, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, from July 2021 to June 2022. Any damaged, unossified bones or fractured bones were excluded. The presence of nutrient foramina was observed in the shaft of the humeri. Data were recorded and tabulated to analyze using Microsoft Excel and SPSS software. Nutrient foramina was found in all the samples on both sides. So nutrient foramina present on the right side was 100% and on the left side was 100%. The direction of nutrient foramina towards the elbow joint was found in all the samples of both sides. Among 43 right humeri, 37(75.51%) have single-nutrient foramen and 06(24.49%) have double-nutrient foramina. Among 57 left humeri, 53(92.98%) have single nutrient foramen, 03(5.27%) have double nutrient foramina and 01(1.75%) has triple nutrient foramina. In case of location of nutrient foramina, among 49 right nutrient foramina, 45(91.84%) were found on the anteromedial surface, 02(4.08%) were found on the anterolateral surface and 02(4.08%) were on the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus. In case of 62 left nutrient foramina, 57(91.94%) were found on the anteromedial surface and 05(8.06%) were found on the posterior surface of the shaft of the humerus. In case of position of nutrient foramina, among 49 right nutrient foramina, 01(2.04%) was found on the upper third, 46(93.88%) on the middle third and 02(4.08%) on the lower third of the shaft of the humerus. In case of 62 left nutrient foramina, 01(1.60%) was on the upper third, 57(91.95%) were on the middle third and 04(6.45%) were on the lower third of the shaft of the humerus.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 176-182
Evaluation of Aetiological Factors of Vasculitis Retinae in a Tertiary Specialized Eye Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Muna Amena B Yousuf , Alam Mezbahul , Abdullah Md , Ruly Raunak Ara Amin , Rosul Golam , Zohora Fatema Tuz , Hasan SM Fakhrul
Published: September 2024

Vasculitis retinae (VR) is a potentially sight threatening inflammatory condition of eye which may occur as isolated intraocular disorder or in association with various systemic diseases. It may occur as an idiopathic condition, as a manifestation of infections or non-infectious auto immune disorders. Impractical or unthoughtful approach increases the burden of treatment cost because of long investigation list. This prospective, observational study was carried out at the National Institute of Ophthalmology & Hospital (NIOH), a tertiary specialized eye hospital, Dhaka, Bangladesh, between March 2020 and February 2021, which aims to determine the common aetiology of VR patients. A total of 45 patients of VR were prospectively examined and investigated thoroughly. The mean age of mean age of onset of disease was 29.5 years where 82.2% were male. Among the 72 eyes of 45 patients of vasculitis retinae, the most common aetiology was Eales disease (52.8%), followed by tubercular VR (33.3%). Other causes of VR found in the study were toxoplasmosis (8.3%), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) (2.8%) and sarcoidosis (2.8%). The most common cause of VR was found Eales disease followed by Tubercular VR. Although the study has the limitations of being cross sectional and hospital based, the information from the study can be used by the ophthalmologist while dealing with the VR patients.  
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 192-197
Study of Serum Creatinine in Female Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Authors: Hussain Maria , Naznin Rubaiyat , Naznen Farhana
Published: September 2024

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic illness that affects millions of individuals worldwide. In the present study serum creatinine was estimated in female type 2 diabetes to observe the frequency of increase serum creatinine level in these patients. A cross-sectional, descriptive study was carried out in the Department of Physiology, Mymensingh Medical College, Bangladesh, between July 2016 and June 2017. A total of 210 subjects were selected and were grouped as: control group (group I) having 70 healthy female of reproductive age (21-45 years) and study group (group II), which was again subdivided to group IIA (70 diabetic female of reproductive age (21-45 years) and group IIB (70 diabetic female of post-menopausal age, 45-70 years). Laboratory analysis of serum creatinine was done by enzymatic colorimetric method. A comparison in serum creatinine concentration was done in between group I and group II and in between Group IIA and Group IIB. The results were calculated and analyzed by using SPSS. For statistical analysis students unpaired ‘t’ test was performed. Our study revealed that serum creatinine was increased among females of the study group and the result was statistically significant. In the control group serum creatinine was within the normal physiological range.  
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 198-202
Acquired Cystic Kidney Diseases in Bangladeshi Rural Populations: A Cross- Sectional Investigation
Authors: Hasan Mahmud Javed , Ray Nitai Chandra , Bari Muhammad Abdul , Islam Md Aminul , Ahmed Sultan
Published: September 2024

Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is a condition characterized by the formation of numerous cysts in the kidneys. It is frequently associated with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and dialysis. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about its prevalence and characteristics among Bangladesh's rural people. Between January and June of 2023, a cross-sectional survey was done with 120 participants from various rural areas of Mymensingh Division, Bangladesh, to observe the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of ACKD. Participants were screened for ACKD using ultrasonography. Demographic information, medical history, and pertinent clinical indicators were gathered. Significant connections between ACKD and possible risk variables were identified by statistical analysis. The median dialysis vintage was 33.3 [range:10.6-62.98] months. Renal cysts were seen in 62.5 % (n=74) of participants, 41.6% (n=50) were bilateral. The median [25th-75th percentile] number of cysts in the right kidney was 4 (range: 2-8) and 3 (range: 2-7.3) in the left kidney. ACKD was detected in 29.17% of the study participants. Individuals with a history of CKD and those on prolonged dialysis vintage had significantly greater prevalence. Male populations over 50 years with prolonged dialysis duration were identified as key risk factors for ACKD. ACKD is a significant health hazard in Bangladesh's rural populations, particularly for elderly persons with CKD and those undergoing dialysis. This study aims to investigate the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and associated risk factors of ACKD among rural populations in Bangladesh. Additional longitudinal studies are required to investigate the long-term impact of ACKD on renal function and overall health outcomes in local communities.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 218-222
Advantages of Newer Inhalational Anesthetic Agents over the Older Agents
Authors: Akter Shamima , Azad Abul Kalam , Sarker Mohammad Mominul Hoque , Sharmin Rifat , Jayed Abul Kalam Md
Published: September 2024

The objective of anesthesia is to facilitate surgery at minimal risk to the patient and to ensure optimal recovery following the procedure. Sevoflurane is a potent nonexplosive newer inhalational anesthetic agent that has several advantages. Various side effects like arrhythmia, hepatotoxicity, and delayed recovery limit the use of older agent halothane in many western countries. However, we do not have such studies done in our country. This prospective study was carried out in the Department of Anesthesia, Analgesia and Intensive Care Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from September 2009 to June 2011, to analyze the advantages of newer inhalational agents over the older agents. A total of 60 patients were recruited in this study: 30 in Sevoflurane and 30 in Halothane group. We assessed hemodynamics and recovery after sevoflurane and halothane anesthesia. The mean arterial pressure (MAP) and the heart rate (HR) at 15 minutes interval were similar in both groups except at 75 minutes, when both MAP and HR were significantly higher in the halothane group as p=0.003 and p=0.001 respectively. Emergence time was 10.85 min. in the sevoflurane group and 15.13 min. in the halothane group (p<0.001). The mean BAMSE score and time to complete (TMT-A) at half an hour after recovery was significantly higher (29.3) (p=0.014) and significantly less (40.9 sec.) (p<0.001) in sevoflurane group. Our data suggests that sevoflurane is a better anesthetic agent than halothane in terms of balanced hemodynamics, shorter emergence time and early cognitive recovery.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 227-234
Pattern of Eye Health Care Services in a Tertiary Specialized Eye Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Zenith Progga Sarker , Kadir Syeed Mehbub Ul , Islam Shirajul , Bhuiyan Mahbubur Rahman , Faridi Jamshed , Ferdausi Nahid
Published: September 2024

A retrospective study was conducted in Sheikh Fazilatunnesa Mujib Eye Hospital and Training Institute, Gopalganj, Bangladesh, to analyze the trends of eye diseases in Bangladesh and surgical treatments provided by a tertiary eye hospital to manage them. A total of eighty-eight thousand nine hundred fifty-eight subjects attended the hospital for their ophthalmic checkup from the southern part of Bangladesh. Patience was evaluated according to their complaints; patient demographic data and medical history were retrospectively collected. Complete ophthalmic examination was performed. The study included 44,187 males and 44,771 females. Most of the patients were above 50 years while the toddlers were the least. The highest performed minor procedure was sac patency test and incision and curettage for chalazion was the minimum. regarding the major surgeries, cataract surgeries take the lead followed by DCR, DCT and intravitreal retinal injections. Cataract surgery and retinal injections were performed more in males whereas larger number of female patients underwent DCR and DCT. Most of the patients took their service from outpatient department. In a developing country like Bangladesh, mostly occurring ocular conditions like cataract and lacrimal apparatus diseases should be of utmost importance and National resources should be aimed at the management of such diseases. At the same time, care has to be taken to identify pediatric eye conditions at earlier age by raising awareness among parents.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 235-242
Assessment of Caesarean Section Outcomes for Preterm Pregnancies in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Jahan Akter , Sharma Netay Kumer , Sen Shila , Bhowmik Kingkon Rani
Published: September 2024

A cross-sectional, observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Community Based Medical College, Bangladesh (CBMC,B), Mymensingh, Bangladesh, to evaluate the indications and feto-maternal outcomes of Caesarean section operation among preterm pregnant women. A total of 120 patients were enrolled between January and December of 2023. Data collection involved a structured questionnaire, file review, historical inquiry, and monitoring of mother and baby. Most individuals were aged 15-20 (37.50%) and had tertiary education (75.00%). Majority were from poor socio-economic backgrounds (76.67%) and rural areas (70%). Primigravida cases were predominant (65.00%), and multiparous accounted for 36.67%. Eclampsia (21.67%) and preeclampsia (20.83%) were common indications for cesarean section. Most procedures were emergency (93.33%). Maternal complications were low, with 64.17% having none. Most infants had low birth weight (62.50%) and experienced live births (91.67%), with a notable stillbirth rate (8.33%). Fetal complications included low birth weight (88.33%) and prematurity (20%). No complications were noted in 31.67% of cases. The study examined the complexities of Cesarean section (CS) for preterm births, highlighting maternal-fetal factors, varied indications, and outcomes, urging tailored interventions.
CBMJ 2024 July: vol. 13 no. 02 P: 243-250