bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Burden of Disease and Unmet Needs in the Diagnosis and Management of Atopic Dermatitis in Diverse Skin Types in Australia
Authors: Courtney Ashling , Lopez Diego J. , Lowe Adrian J. , Holmes Zack , Su John C.
Published: June 2023

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common, chronic, inflammatory skin disease affecting Australians of all ages, races, ethnicities, and social classes. Significant physical, psychosocial, and financial burdens to both individuals and Australian communities have been demonstrated. This narrative review highlights knowledge gaps for AD in Australian skin of colour. We searched PubMed, Wiley Online Library, and Cochrane Library databases for review articles, systematic reviews, and cross-sectional and observational studies relating to AD in Australia for skin of colour and for different ethnicities. Statistical data from the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare and the Australian Bureau of Statistics was collected. In recent years, there has been substantially increased awareness of and research into skin infections, such as scabies and impetigo, among various Australian subpopulations. Many such infections disproportionately affect First Nations Peoples. However, data for AD itself in these groups are limited. There is also little written regarding AD in recent, racially diverse immigrants with skin of colour. Areas for future research include AD epidemiology and AD phenotypes for First Nations Peoples and AD trajectories for non-Caucasian immigrants. We also note the evident disparity in both the level of understanding and the management standards of AD between urban and remote communities in Australia. This discrepancy relates to a relative lack of healthcare resources in marginalised communities. First Nations Peoples in particular experience socioeconomic disadvantage, have worse health outcomes, and experience healthcare inequality in Australia. Barriers to effective AD management must be identified and responsibly addressed for socioeconomically disadvantaged and remote-living communities to achieve healthcare equity.
Piriform Fossa Injury during Calibration Tube Insertion in Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy
Authors: Nabekura Taiki , Oshiro Takashi , Wakamatsu Kotaro , Kitahara Natsumi , Moriyama Yuki , Kadoya Kengo , Sato Ayami , Kitahara Tomoaki , Urita Tasuku , Sato Yu , Tsuchiya Masaru , Okazumi Shinich
Published: June 2023

Piriform fossa and/or esophageal injuries caused by calibration tubes are relatively rare and remain unelucidated. Herein, we report the case of a 36-year-old woman with morbid obesity, sleep apnea, and menstrual abnormalities who was scheduled to undergo laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG). We inserted a 36-Fr Nelaton catheter made of natural rubber as a calibration tube during the surgery. However, excessive resistance was observed. We confirmed a submucosal layer detachment approximately 5 cm from the left piriform fossa to the esophagus using intraoperative endoscopy. Additionally, LSG was performed using an endoscope as the guiding calibration tube. We inserted a nasogastric tube under endoscopy with a guidewire before completing the surgery, hoping for a guiding effect on the saliva flow. After 17 months, the patient had successfully lost weight postoperatively without complaints of neck pain or discomfort during swallowing. Therefore, in cases where the damage is limited to the submucosal layer, as in this case, conservative therapy should be considered; this is similar to the concept of endoscopic submucosal dissection not requiring suture closure. This case highlights the risk of iatrogenic injuries to the piriform fossa and/or esophagus during LSG and the importance of careful calibration tube insertion to prevent them.
Early Loading of Two Implants Supporting Mandibular Overdentures in Geriatric Edentulous Patients: A 12-Year Follow-Up Study
Authors: Velasco-Ortega Eugenio , Matos-Garrido Nuno , Jiménez-Guerra Alvaro , Ortiz-Garcia Ivan , Moreno-Muñoz Jesús , Núñez-Márquez Enrique , Rondón-Romero José Luis , Ayuso-Montero Raul , López-López José , Monsalve-Guil Loreto
Published: June 2023

Background: This study aims to show the clinical outcomes of implants supporting mandibular overdentures in edentulous patients. Methods: Mandibular edentulous patients were diagnosed with an oral examination, panoramic radiograph, and diagnostic casts for intermaxillary relations and treated with overdentures over two implants. After two-stage surgery, implants were early loaded with an overdenture at 6 weeks. Results: Fifty-four patients (28 females and 24 males) were treated with 108 implants. Thirty-two patients (59.2%) had a previous history of periodontitis. Twenty-three patients (46%) were smokers. Forty patients (74.1%) suffered from systemic diseases (i.e., diabetes, cardiovascular diseases). The clinical follow-up of the study was 147.8 ± 10.4 months. The clinical outcomes showed a global success of 94.5% of implants. Fifty-four overdentures were placed in the patients over the implants. The mean marginal bone loss was 1.12 ± 0.34 mm. Nineteen patients (35.2%) showed some kind of mechanical prosthodontic complication. Sixteen implants (14.8%) were associated with peri-implantitis. Conclusions: Based on the clinical results obtained, we can determine that the treatment of elderly edentulous patients with mandibular overdentures through the early loading of two placed implants is a successful implant protocol.
General versus Neuraxial Anesthesia on Clinical Outcomes in Patients Receiving Hip Fracture Surgery: An Analysis of the ACS NSQIP Database
Authors: Wang Ming-Tse , Chang Chuen-Chau , Liu Chih-Chung , Fan Chiang Yu-Hsuan , Shih Yu-Ru Vernon , Lee Yuan-Wen
Published: June 2023

Whether the use of neuraxial anesthesia or general anesthesia leads to more favorable postoperative outcomes in patients receiving hip fracture surgery remains unclear. We used data from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS NSQIP) Data Files between 2016 and 2020 to investigate the association of neuraxial anesthesia and general anesthesia with morbidity and mortality after hip fracture surgery. Inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) was used to balance the baseline characteristics, and multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) with a 95% confidence interval (CI) for postoperative morbidity and mortality among the different anesthesia groups. A total of 45,874 patients were included in this study. Postoperative adverse events occurred in 1087 of 9864 patients (11.0%) who received neuraxial anesthesia and in 4635 of 36,010 patients (12.9%) who received general anesthesia. After adjustment for IPTW, the multivariable Cox regressions revealed that general anesthesia was associated with increased risks of postoperative morbidity (adjusted HR, 1.19; 95% CI, 1.14–1.24) and mortality (adjusted HR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.03–1.16). The results of the present study suggest that, compared with general anesthesia, neuraxial anesthesia is associated with lower risks of postoperative adverse events in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery.
Minimally Invasive Staging of Early-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Cancer versus Open Surgery in Terms of Feasibility and Safety: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Ronsini Carlo , Pasanisi Francesca , Molitierno Rossella , Iavarone Irene , Vastarella Maria , De Franciscis Pasquale , Conte Carmine
Published: June 2023

Epithelial ovarian cancer is women’s fourth most common oncological cause of death. One of the main prognostic factors in ovarian cancer is the tumor stage. For instance, surgical staging of the disease is focal when choosing the best therapeutic option for each case. Although open surgery is the prevalent approach for staging and treating ovarian cancer, the use of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has found recent application in staging or restaging cases of early disease. Our work compares oncological outcomes after MIS staging for FIGO I epithelial ovarian cancer with the laparotomic approach. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement recommendations, we systematically searched the Pub Med and Scopus databases in February 2023. No temporal nor geographical limitation was made. We included the articles containing data about Disease-Free Survival (DFS) and Overall Survival (OS), Recurrence Rates (RR), and Upstaging Rates (UpR). We used comparative studies for the meta-analysis. After the database search and article selection, 19 works matched the inclusion criteria for the systematic review. Eleven of these were comparative studies between MIS and Open Surgical Staging (OSS) approaches for ovarian cancer staging and were included in the meta-analysis. The meta-analysis did not show a statistically significant difference between the MIS and the OSS group concerning DFS, OS, and RR. Only Upstaging Rate ≥ FIGO Stage II was statistically significative higher in the OSS group. Likewise, MIS is confirmed to be an approach with a lower profile of surgical complications. In conclusion, our study did not show one approach to be safer than the other. However, the lack of dedicated studies limits the evidence of our study. For instance, we recommend adequately selecting the specimen, minimizing the risk of spillage, and optimizing surgical staging.
Pressure Analysis in Rigid and Flexible Real Arteriovenous Fistula with Thickness Variation In Vitro
Authors: Rangel Jonhattan Ferreira , de Almeida Santos Willyam Brito , de Carvalho Costa Thércio Henrique , de Bessa Kleiber Lima , Melo José Daniel Diniz
Published: June 2023

An arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the access most recommended by several authors. However, its manufacture and use can cause several problems in the short, medium and long term. The study of fluid dynamics related to the structure of the AVF can provide information necessary for the reduction of these problems and a better quality of life for patients. The present study analyzed pressure variation in a rigid and flexible (thickness variation) model of AVFs manufactured based on patient data. A computed tomography was performed from which the geometry of the AVF was removed. This was treated and adapted to the pulsatile flow bench. Bench tests with simulation of systolic–diastolic pulse showed higher pressure peaks in the rigid AVF followed by the flexible model with 1 mm thickness. The inflection of the pressure values of the flexible AVF in relation to the rigid one was observed, being more expressive in the flexible AVF of 1 mm. The 1 mm flexible AVF presented an average pressure close to the physiological one and a smaller pressure drop, showing that this AVF model presents the best condition among the three to serve as a basis for the development of an AVF substitute.
Physical Consistent Path Planning for Unmanned Surface Vehicles under Complex Marine Environment
Authors: Wang Fang , Bai Yong , Zhao Liang
Published: June 2023

The increasing demand for safe and efficient maritime transportation has underscored the necessity of developing effective path-planning algorithms for Unmanned Surface Vehicles (USVs). However, the inherent complexities of the ocean environment and the non-holonomic properties of the physical system have posed significant challenges to designing feasible paths for USVs. To address these issues, a novel path planning framework is elaborately designed, which consists of an optimization model, a meta-heuristic solver, and a Clothoid-based path connector. First, by encapsulating the intricate nature of the ocean environment and ship dynamics, a multi-objective path planning problem is designed, providing a comprehensive and in-depth portrayal of the underlying mechanism. By integrating the principles of the candidate set random testing initialization and adaptive probability set, an enhanced genetic algorithm is devised to fully exploit the underlying optimization problem in constrained space, contributing to the global searching ability. Accounting for the non-holonomic constraints, the fast-discrete Clothoid curve is capable of maintaining and improving the continuity of the path curve, thereby promoting strong coordination between the planning and control modules. A thorough series of simulations and comparisons conducted in diverse ocean scenarios has conclusively demonstrated the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed path planning framework.
High Fidelity Hydroelastic Analysis Using Modal Matrix Reduction
Authors: García-Espinosa Julio , Serván-Camas Borja , Calpe-Linares Miguel
Published: June 2023

Structural assessment is a main concern when designing and operating any sort of offshore structure. This assessment is meant to ensure that the structural integrity is preserved along the lifespan of the asset, withstanding the worst sea-states that will be encountered and making sure that the accumulated fatigue damage will not jeopardize its structural integrity neither. The purpose of this paper is to present a fast and reliable hydroelastic model. This model is based on time-domain tight-coupling of a three-dimensional FEM (finite element method) linear structural model and a three-dimensional FEM seakeeping hydrodynamics model. In order to reduce the computational cost of structural dynamic simulations, the high-fidelity structural solution is projected onto the modal basis to obtain the modal matrix system and to extend the response amplitude operators (RAO) to the modal responses (MRAO). From there, the number of structural degrees of freedom can be greatly reduced by retaining only those eigenmodes preserving most of the structural elastic energy. The use MRAOs and/or the large reduction in structural degrees of freedom allows us to: first, quickly analyse the large number of loadcases required on the design stage; and second, to implement a digital twin for structural health monitoring in operational conditions. The paper also presents an application case of the developed methodology.
Differentiating Lung Nodules Due to Coccidioides from Those Due to Lung Cancer Based on Radiographic Appearance
Authors: Peterson Michael W. , Jain Ratnali , Hildebrandt Kurt , Carson William Keith , Fayed Mohamed A.
Published: June 2023

Background: Coccidioidomycosis (cocci) is an endemic fungal disease that can cause asymptomatic or post-symptomatic lung nodules which are visible on chest CT scanning. Lung nodules are common and can represent early lung cancer. Differentiating lung nodules due to cocci from those due to lung cancer can be difficult and lead to invasive and expensive evaluations. Materials and Methods: We identified 302 patients with biopsy-proven cocci or bronchogenic carcinoma seen in our multidisciplinary nodule clinic. Two experienced radiologists who were blinded to the diagnosis read the chest CT scans and identified radiographic characteristics to determine their utility in differentiating lung cancer nodules from those due to cocci. Results: Using univariate analysis, we identified several radiographic findings that differed between lung cancer and cocci infection. We then entered these variables along with age and gender into a multivariate model and found that age, nodule diameter, nodule cavitation, presence of satellite nodules and radiographic presence of chronic lung disease differed significantly between the two diagnoses. Three findings, cavitary nodules, satellite nodules and chronic lung disease, have sufficient discrimination to potentially be useful in clinical decision-making. Conclusions: Careful evaluation of the three obtained radiographic findings can significantly improve our ability to differentiate benign coccidioidomycosis infection from lung cancer in an endemic region for the fungal disease. Using these data may significantly reduce the cost and risk associated with distinguishing the cause of lung nodules in these patients by preventing unnecessary invasive studies.
The Clinical Characteristics of Bloodstream Infections Due to Candida spp. in Patients Hospitalized in Intensive Care Units during the SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic: The Results of a Multicenter Study
Authors: Pallotta Francesco , Brescini Lucia , Ianovitz Arianna , Luchetti Ilenia , Franca Lucia , Canovari Benedetta , Cerutti Elisabetta , Barchiesi Francesco
Published: June 2023

Candidemia is a serious health threat. Whether this infection has a greater incidence and a higher mortality rate in patients with COVID-19 is still debated. In this multicenter, retrospective, observational study, we aimed to identify the clinical characteristics associated with the 30-day mortality in critically ill patients with candidemia and to define the differences in candidemic patients with and without COVID-19. Over a three-year period (2019–2021), we identified 53 critically ill patients with candidemia, 18 of whom (34%) had COVID-19 and were hospitalized in four ICUs. The most frequent comorbidities were cardiovascular (42%), neurological (17%), chronic pulmonary diseases, chronic kidney failure, and solid tumors (13% each). A significantly higher proportion of COVID-19 patients had pneumonia, ARDS, septic shock, and were undergoing an ECMO procedure. On the contrary, non-COVID-19 patients had undergone previous surgeries and had used TPN more frequently. The mortality rate in the overall population was 43%: 39% and 46% in the COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 patients, respectively. The independent risk factors associated with a higher mortality were CVVH (HR 29.08 [CI 95% 3.37–250]) and a Charlson’s score of > 3 (HR 9.346 [CI 95% 1.054–82.861]). In conclusion, we demonstrated that candidemia still has a high mortality rate in patients admitted to ICUs, irrespective of infection due to SARS-CoV-2.
Acute Coronary Syndrome: Disparities of Pathophysiology and Mortality with and without Peripheral Artery Disease
Authors: Gherasie Flavius-Alexandru , Popescu Mihaela-Roxana , Bartos Daniela
Published: June 2023

There are a number of devastating complications associated with peripheral artery disease, including limb amputations and acute limb ischemia. Despite the overlap, atherosclerotic diseases have distinct causes that need to be differentiated and managed appropriately. In coronary atherosclerosis, thrombosis is often precipitated by rupture or erosion of fibrous caps around atheromatous plaques, which leads to acute coronary syndrome. Regardless of the extent of atherosclerosis, peripheral artery disease manifests itself as thrombosis. Two-thirds of patients with acute limb ischemia have thrombi associated with insignificant atherosclerosis. A local thrombogenic or remotely embolic basis of critical limb ischemia may be explained by obliterative thrombi in peripheral arteries of patients without coronary artery-like lesions. Studies showed that thrombosis of the above-knee arteries was more commonly due to calcified nodules, which are the least common cause of luminal thrombosis associated with acute coronary events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Cardiovascular mortality was higher in peripheral artery disease without myocardial infarction/stroke than in myocardial infarction/stroke without peripheral artery disease. The aim of this paper is to gather published data regarding the disparities of acute coronary syndrome with and without peripheral artery disease in terms of pathophysiology and mortality.
Evaluation of the Sustainable Use of Land Resources in the Cities along the Jiangsu Section of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal
Authors: Shi Fei , Lu Yuanyuan , Chen Longgao , Hsu Wei-Ling
Published: June 2023

Sustainable development is an important topic of urban research. The rational use of land resources is of great significance for urban development and is conducive to promoting regional governance and coordinated development. The purpose of this study was to construct an effective evaluation framework for urban land resources to maintain sustainable urban development. Taking the cities along the Jiangsu Section of the Beijing–Hangzhou Grand Canal as the research object, this study constructed an evaluation system for the sustainable use of land resources including the dimensions of economic level, social development, and environmental resources. The statistical data for 2010, 2015, and 2020 were selected to comprehensively calculate and evaluate the level of sustainable use of land resources in the study area via the analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-entropy combined weight method, which combines the analytic hierarchy process and the entropy weight method. According to the research results, the sustainable use of land resources in the study area presented an overall upward trend from 2010 to 2015, and an overall downward trend from 2015 to 2020. Overall, the study area was in a critically sustainable stage, although the annual change rate of the level of sustainable use of land resources showed significant fluctuations and exhibited a spatial pattern of progressive increase from north to south. The cities in southern Jiangsu were in the initially sustainable and basically sustainable stages; those in central Jiangsu were in the critically sustainable and initially sustainable stages; and those in northern Jiangsu were in the unsustainable and critically sustainable stages. This study proposed a scientific and effective evaluation method for cities along the Grand Canal to explore the efficient, sustainable use of land resources in the future. The evaluation framework constructed on this basis can serve as an important reference for urban governance and is expected to guide the sustainable use and development of land resources for other cities of the same type.
Investigation of the Influence of Pulse Duration and Application Mode on Microsecond Laser Microsurgery of the Retinal Pigment Epithelium
Authors: Burri Christian , Salzmann Simon , Amstutz Mylène , Hoffmann Leonie , Považay Boris , Meier Christoph , Frenz Martin
Published: June 2023

Optical microsurgery confined to the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) requires locally optimized laser parameters and reliable real-time feedback dosimetry (RFD) to prevent unwanted neuroretinal overexposure. This study aimed to compare pulses of different durations and application modes (single, ramp, burst). Moreover, optical coherence tomography (OCT)-based RFD was investigated in an ex vivo experiment, utilizing nine porcine eyes that were exposed to laser pulses of 8, 12, 16 and 20 µs duration (wavelength: 532 nm, exposure area: 90 × 90 µm2, radiant exposure: 247 to 1975 mJ/µm2). Simultaneously, time-resolved OCT M-scans were recorded (central wavelength: 870 nm, scan rate: 85 kHz) for RFD. Post irradiation, retinal changes were assessed with color fundus photography (CFP) and cross-sectional OCT B-scans. RPE cell damage was quantified via fluorescence-based cell viability assay and compared to the OCT dosimetry feedback. Our experiments indicate cumulative RPE damage for pulse bursts of 16 µs and 20 µs, whereas no cumulative effects were found for pulse durations of 8 µs and 12 µs applied in ramp mode. According to statistical analysis, OCT-RFD correctly detected RPE cell damage with 96% sensitivity and 97% specificity using pulses of 8 µs duration in ramp mode.
Improving the Wear and Corrosion Resistance of Aeronautical Component Material by Laser Shock Processing: A Review
Authors: Wu Jiajun , Zhou Zhihu , Lin Xingze , Qiao Hongchao , Zhao Jibin , Ding Wangwang
Published: June 2023

Since the extreme service conditions, the serious failure problems caused by wear and corrosion are often encountered in the service process for aeronautical components. Laser shock processing (LSP) is a novel surface-strengthening technology to modify microstructures and induce beneficial compressive residual stress on the near-surface layer of metallic materials, thereby enhancing mechanical performances. In this work, the fundamental mechanism of LSP was summarized in detail. Several typical cases of applying LSP treatment to improve aeronautical components’ wear and corrosion resistance were introduced. Since the stress effect generated by laser-induced plasma shock waves will lead to the gradient distribution of compressive residual stress, microhardness, and microstruture evolution. Due to the enhancement of microhardness and the introduction of beneficial compressive residual stress by LSP treatment, the wear resistance of aeronautical component materials is evidently improved. In addition, LSP can lead to grain refinement and crystal defect formation, which can increase the hot corrosion resistance of aeronautical component materials. This work will provide significant reference value and guiding significance for researchers to further explore the fundamental mechanism of LSP and the aspects of the aeronautical components’ wear and corrosion resistance extension.
Synthesis of Cobalt-Substituted Manganese Phosphate Purple Pigments
Authors: Aso Saki , Onoda Hiroaki
Published: June 2023

Some manganese phosphates are known as violet pigments. In this study, pigments in which manganese was partially replaced with cobalt and aluminum was replaced with lanthanum and cerium were synthesized with a heating method to obtain pigments with a more reddish color. The obtained samples were evaluated in terms of chemical composition, hue, acid and base resistances, and hiding power. Among the samples examined, the samples obtained in the Co/Mn/La/P system were the most vivid. The brighter and redder samples were obtained by prolonged heating. Furthermore, prolonged heating improved the acid and base resistance of the samples. Finally, the substitution of manganese for cobalt improved the hiding power.
Experimental and Numerical Research of Post-Tensioned Concrete Beams
Authors: Jancy Anna , Stolarski Adam , Zychowicz Jacek
Published: June 2023

The purpose of this paper is to present a new approach for the modelling of post-tensioned beams with calibration of the FE model to experimental results until the load capacity and post-critical state are reached. Two post-tensioned beams with different nonlinear tendon layouts were analysed. Material testing for concrete, reinforcing steel and prestressing steel was performed prior to the experimental testing of the beams. The Hypermesh program was used to define the geometry of the spatial arrangement of the finite elements of the beams. The Abaqus/Explicit solver was used for numerical analysis. The concrete damage plasticity model was used to describe the behaviour of concrete with different laws of elastic–plastic stress–strain evolution for compression and tension. Elastic-hardening plastic constitutive models were used to describe the behaviour of steel components. An effective approach to modelling the load was developed, supported by the use of Rayleigh mass damping in an explicit procedure. The presented model approach ensures good agreement between numerical and experimental results. The crack patterns obtained in concrete reflect the actual behaviour of structural elements at every loading stage. Random imperfections found during experimental studies on the results of numerical analyses were also discussed.
Machine Learning-Based Predictive Model for Tensile and Flexural Strength of 3D-Printed Concrete
Authors: Ali Ammar , Riaz Raja Dilawar , Malik Umair Jalil , Abbas Syed Baqar , Usman Muhammad , Shah Mati Ullah , Kim In-Ho , Hanif Asad , Faizan Muhammad
Published: June 2023

The additive manufacturing of concrete, also known as 3D-printed concrete, is produced layer by layer using a 3D printer. The three-dimensional printing of concrete offers several benefits compared to conventional concrete construction, such as reduced labor costs and wastage of materials. It can also be used to build complex structures with high precision and accuracy. However, optimizing the mix design of 3D-printed concrete is challenging, involving numerous factors and extensive hit-and-trail experimentation. This study addresses this issue by developing predictive models, such as the Gaussian Process Regression model, Decision Tree Regression model, Support Vector Machine model, and XGBoost Regression models. The input parameters were water (Kg/m3), cement (Kg/m3), silica fume (Kg/m3), fly ash (Kg/m3), coarse aggregate (Kg/m3 & mm for diameter), fine aggregate (Kg/m3 & mm for diameter), viscosity modifying agent (Kg/m3), fibers (Kg/m3), fiber properties (mm for diameter and MPa for strength), print speed (mm/sec), and nozzle area (mm2), while target properties were the flexural and tensile strength of concrete (MPa data from 25 literature studies were collected. The water/binder ratio used in the dataset ranged from 0.27 to 0.67. Different types of sands and fibers have been used, with fibers having a maximum length of 23 mm. Based upon the Coefficient of Determination (R2), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) for casted and printed concrete, the SVM model performed better than other models. All models’ cast and printed flexural strength values were also correlated. The model’s performance has also been checked on six different mix proportions from the dataset to show its accuracy. It is worth noting that the lack of ML-based predictive models for the flexural and tensile properties of 3D-printed concrete in the literature makes this study a novel innovation in the field. This model could reduce the computational and experimental effort required to formulate the mixed design of printed concrete.
Very Large Pores Mesoporous Silica as New Candidate for Delivery of Big Therapeutics Molecules, Such as Pharmaceutical Peptides
Authors: Carrozza Debora , Malavasi Gianluca , Ferrari Erika
Published: June 2023

The synthesis of a scaffold that can accommodate big molecules with a pharmaceutical role is important to shield them and maintain their biological activity. In this field, silica particles with large pores (LPMS) are innovative supports. Large pores allow for the loading of bioactive molecules inside the structure and contemporarily their stabilization and protection. These purposes cannot be achieved using classical mesoporous silica (MS, pore size 2–5 nm), because their pores are not big enough and pore blocking occurs. LPMSs with different porous structures are synthesized starting from an acidic water solution of tetraethyl orthosilicate reacting with pore agents (Pluronic® F127 and mesitylene), performing hydrothermal and microwave-assisted reactions. Time and surfactant optimization were performed. Loading tests were conducted using Nisin as a reference molecule (polycyclic antibacterial peptide, with dimensions of 4–6 nm); UV-Vis analyses on loading solutions were performed. For LPMSs, a significantly higher loading efficiency (LE%) was registered. Other analyses (Elemental Analysis, Thermogravimetric Analysis and UV-Vis) confirmed the presence of Nisin in all the structures and its stability when loaded on them. LPMSs showed a lower decrease in specific surface area if compared to MS; in terms of the difference in LE% between samples, it is explained considering the filling of pores for LPMSs, a phenomenon that is not allowed for MSs. Release studies in simulated body fluid highlight, only for LPMSs, a controlled release, considering the longer time scale of release. Scanning Electron Microscopy images acquired before and after release tests shows the LPMSs’ maintenance of the structure, demonstrating strength and mechanical resistance of structures. In conclusion, LPMSs were synthesized, performing time and surfactant optimization. LPMSs showed better loading and releasing properties with respect to classical MS. All collected data confirm a pore blocking for MS and an in-pore loading for LPMS.
Framework Uranyl Silicates: Crystal Chemistry and a New Route for the Synthesis
Authors: Nazarchuk Evgeny V. , Siidra Oleg I. , Charkin Dmitri O. , Tagirova Yana G.
Published: June 2023

To date, uranyl silicates are mostly represented by minerals in nature. However, their synthetic counterparts can be used as ion exchange materials. A new approach for the synthesis of framework uranyl silicates is reported. The new compounds Rb2[(UO2)2(Si8O19)](H2O)2.5 (1), (K,Rb)2[(UO2)(Si10O22)] (2), [Rb3Cl][(UO2)(Si4O10)] (3) and [Cs3Cl][(UO2)(Si4O10)] (4) were prepared at harsh conditions in “activated” silica tubes at 900 °C. The activation of silica was performed using 40% hydrofluoric acid and lead oxide. Crystal structures of new uranyl silicates were solved by direct methods and refined: 1 is orthorhombic, Cmce, a = 14.5795(2) Å, b = 14.2083(2) Å, c = 23.1412(4) Å, V = 4793.70(13) Å3, R1 = 0.023; 2 is monoclinic, C2/m, a = 23.0027(8) Å, b = 8.0983(3) Å, c = 11.9736(4) Å, β = 90.372(3) °, V = 2230.43(14) Å3, R1 = 0.034; 3 is orthorhombic, Imma, a = 15.2712(12) Å, b = 7.9647(8) Å, c = 12.4607(9) Å, V = 1515.6(2) Å3, R1 = 0.035, 4 is orthorhombic, Imma, a = 15.4148(8) Å, b = 7.9229(4) Å, c = 13.0214(7) Å, V = 1590.30(14) Å3, R1 = 0.020. Their framework crystal structures contain channels up to 11.62 × 10.54 Å filled by various alkali metals.
Cytotoxicity of Metal Ions Released from NiTi and Stainless Steel Orthodontic Appliances, Part 1: Surface Morphology and Ion Release Variations
Authors: Petković Didović Mirna , Jelovica Badovinac Ivana , Fiket Željka , Žigon Jure , Rinčić Mlinarić Marijana , Čanadi Jurešić Gordana
Published: June 2023

Despite numerous studies on ion release from orthodontic appliances, no clear conclusions can be drawn due to complex interrelations of multiple factors. Therefore, as the first part of a comprehensive investigation of cytotoxicity of eluted ions, the objective of this study was to analyze four parts of a fixed orthodontic appliance. Specifically, NiTi archwires and stainless steel (SS) brackets, bands, and ligatures were immersed in artificial saliva and studied for morphological and chemical changes after 3-, 7-, and 14-day immersion, using the SEM/EDX technique. Ion release profiles were analyzed for all eluted ions using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results demonstrated dissimilar surface morphologies among parts of the fixed appliance, due to variations in manufacturing processes. The onset of pitting corrosion was observed for the SS brackets and bands in the as-received state. Protective oxide layers were not observed on any of the parts, but adherent layers developed on SS brackets and ligatures during immersion. Salt precipitation, mainly KCl, was also observed. ICP-MS proved to be more sensitive than SEM/EDX and exhibited results undetected by SEM/EDX. Ion release was an order-of-magnitude higher for SS bands compared to other parts, which was attributed to manufacturing procedure (welding). Ion release did not correlate with surface roughness.
Al–Al3Ni In Situ Composite Formation by Wire-Feed Electron-Beam Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Dobrovolskii Artem , Chumaevskii Andrey , Zykova Anna , Savchenko Nikolay , Gurianov Denis , Nikolaeva Aleksandra , Semenchuk Natalia , Nikonov Sergey , Sokolov Pavel , Rubtsov Valery , Kolubaev Evgeny
Published: June 2023

The regularities of microstructure formation in samples of multiphase composites obtained by additive electron beam manufacturing on the basis of aluminum alloy ER4043 and nickel superalloy Udimet-500 have been studied. The results of the structure study show that a multicomponent structure is formed in the samples with the presence of Cr23C6 carbides, solid solutions based on aluminum -Al or silicon -Si, eutectics along the boundaries of dendrites, intermetallic phases Al3Ni, AlNi3, Al75Co22Ni3, and Al5Co, as well as carbides of complex composition AlCCr, Al8SiC7, of a different morphology. The formation of a number of intermetallic phases present in local areas of the samples was also distinguished. A large amount of solid phases leads to the formation of a material with high hardness and low ductility. The fracture of composite specimens under tension and compression is brittle, without revealing the stage of plastic flow. Tensile strength values are significantly reduced from the initial 142–164 MPa to 55–123 MPa. In compression, the tensile strength values increase to 490–570 MPa and 905–1200 MPa with the introduction of 5% and 10% nickel superalloy, respectively. An increase in the hardness and compressive strength of the surface layers results in an increase in the wear resistance of the specimens and a decrease in the coefficient of friction.
Nearly Perfect Transmission of Lamé Modes in a Rectangular Beam with Part and Through-Thickness Vertical Cracks
Authors: Cao Xuwei , Ni Jing , Shao Chun , Yang Xiao , Lou Chenggan
Published: June 2023

The guided waves in the uniform waveguide of rectangular cross-section exhibit complicated propagation and scattering characteristics due to the diversity of vibration modes. This paper focuses on the mode conversion of the lowest Lamé mode at a part-through or through-thickness crack. Firstly, the Floquet periodicity boundary condition is applied to derive the dispersion curves in the rectangular beam, which relates the axial wavenumber to the frequency. On this basis, the frequency domain analysis is conducted to investigate the interaction between the fundamental longitudinal mode in the vicinity of the first Lamé frequency and a part-through or through-thickness vertical or inclined crack. Finally, the nearly perfect transmission frequency is evaluated by extracting displacement and stress harmonic fields throughout the cross-section. It is shown that this frequency originates from the first Lamé frequency, increases with the crack depth, and decreases with the crack width. Between them, the crack depth plays a major role in the frequency variation. In addition, the nearly perfect transmission frequency is negligibly affected by the beam thickness, and such a phenomenon is not observed for inclined cracks. The nearly perfect transmission may have potential applications in the quantitative evaluation of crack size.
Study of Surface Integrity of SiCp/Al Composites Using High-Speed Milling under Cryogenic Liquid Nitrogen Conditions
Authors: Zhang Huiping , Qu Liqiang , Ding Chenglong
Published: June 2023

In order to study surface roughness, surface morphology, surface microhardness, and surface residual stress, single-factor and central combination high-speed milling testing of SiCp/Al composites was carried out using a PCD tool under cryogenic liquid nitrogen cooling conditions. The test results show that the surface roughness value gradually increases with an increase in feed or milling depth, and the interaction between the two can make this phenomenon more serious. When the milling speed changes at 200~360 m/min, the surface microhardness and surface residual stress first increase, and then, become smaller, so it is recommended to use a speed above 240 m/min for milling under cryogenic liquid nitrogen cooling conditions. With an increase in milling depth and feed, the degree of surface microhardness is significantly improved, and the residual compressive stress also has a tendency to convert to residual tensile stress. In addition, it can be seen from the simulation results that as the milling depth and feed per tooth increase, the interference effect of the SiC particles on internal residual stress transfer also increases. Therefore, it is not recommended to use both high milling depths and high feed per tooth.
Nuclear Dipole Moments and Shielding Constants of Light Nuclei Measured in Magnetic Fields
Authors: Makulski Włodzimierz , Słowiński Mateusz A. , Garbacz Piotr
Published: June 2023

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a branch of spectroscopy commonly used for identifying the chemical structure of various materials. One of the areas in which NMR provides accurate data is the determination of nuclear magnetic moments. This work reviews NMR experiments with the nuclei of light elements in simple molecules. Since nuclear shielding constants from up-to-date quantum calculations are now available, very accurate dipole moments of many nuclei can be determined. Recent experimental measurements of 1H, 2H, 3H, 3He, 6Li, 7Li, 9Be, 10B, and 11B nuclear magnetic moments and the appropriate theoretical predictions are presented and commented upon. Several achievements in this field using different methodologies, such as NMR spectroscopy, molecular beam experiments, and the Penning trap method are reported.
Yield Curve Models with Regime Changes: An Analysis for the Brazilian Interest Rate Market
Authors: Tavanielli Renata , Laurini Márcio
Published: June 2023

This study examines the effectiveness of various specifications of the dynamic Nelson–Siegel term structure model in analyzing the term structure of Brazilian interbank deposits. A key contribution of our research is the incorporation of regime changes and other time-varying parameters in the model, both when relying solely on observed yields and when incorporating macroeconomic variables. By allowing parameters in the latent factors to adapt to changes in persistence patterns and the overall shape of the yield curve, these mechanisms enhance the model’s flexibility. To evaluate the performance of the models, we conducted assessments based on their in-sample fit and out-of-sample forecast accuracy. Our estimation approach involved Bayesian procedures utilizing Markov Chain Monte Carlo techniques. The results highlight that models incorporating macro factors and greater flexibility demonstrated superior in-sample fit compared to other models. However, when it came to out-of-sample forecasts, the performance of the models was influenced by the forecast horizon and maturity. Models incorporating regime switching exhibited better performance overall. Notably, for long maturities with a one-month ahead forecast horizon, the model incorporating regime changes in both the latent and macro factors emerged as the top performer. On the other hand, for a twelve-month horizon, the model incorporating regime switching solely in the macro factors demonstrated superior performance across most maturities. These findings have significant implications for the development of trading and hedging strategies in interest rate derivative instruments, particularly in emerging markets that are more prone to regime changes and structural breaks.
Production of Ethyl-agarobioside, a Novel Skin Moisturizer, by Mimicking the Alcoholysis from the Japanese Sake-Brewing Process
Authors: Lee Sun-Hee , Yun Eun Ju , Han Na Ree , Jung Inho , Pelton Jeffrey G. , Lee Jae-Eun , Kang Nam Joo , Jin Yong-Su , Kim Kyoung Heon
Published: June 2023

Agarobiose (AB; d-galactose-β-1,4-AHG), produced by one-step acid hydrolysis of agarose of red seaweed, is considered a promising cosmetic ingredient due to its skin-moisturizing activity. In this study, the use of AB as a cosmetic ingredient was found to be hampered due to its instability at high temperature and alkaline pH. Therefore, to increase the chemical stability of AB, we devised a novel process to synthesize ethyl-agarobioside (ethyl-AB) from the acid-catalyzed alcoholysis of agarose. This process mimics the generation of ethyl α-glucoside and glyceryl α-glucoside by alcoholysis in the presence of ethanol and glycerol during the traditional Japanese sake-brewing process. Ethyl-AB also showed in vitro skin-moisturizing activity similar to that of AB, but showed higher thermal and pH stability than AB. This is the first report of ethyl-AB, a novel compound produced from red seaweed, as a functional cosmetic ingredient with high chemical stability.
The Follicular Dendritic Cells and HPV 18 Interrelation in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Larynx
Authors: Boia Eugen Radu , Boia Simina , Ceausu Raluca Amalia , Gaje Pusa Nela , Maaroufi Sarrah Mariam , Sandru Florica , Raica Marius
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Even if they are cells of controversial origin (mesenchymal, perivascular, or fibroblastic), follicular dendritic cells (FDC) are present in all organs. The aim of this study was to establish the FDC expression pattern and its interrelation with HPV 18 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC). Materials and Methods: Fifty-six cases of LSCC were evaluated by simple and double immunostaining. The following score was used: 0 (negative or few positive cells), 1 (10–30% of positive cells), 2 (30–50% of cells), and 3 (over 50% of cells). Results: The expression of CD 21-positive cells with dendritic morphology (CDM) was noticed in the intratumoral area of conventional (well and poorly differentiated types and HPV 18 positive cases with a value of 2 for the score) and papillary types (HPV-18 negative cases with a score of 1). The highest value of 2 for the score of CDM in HPV-18 positive cases was found in the peritumoral area of well- and poorly-differentiated conventional LSCCs. A significant correlation was found between scores of CDM from the intratumoral area and those of the peritumoral area (p = 0.001), between CDM and non-dendritic morphology cells (NDM) of the intratumoral area (p = 0.001), and between HPV-18 status and peritumoral NDM cells (p = 0.044). Conclusions: The FDC and NDM cell score values of intratumoral and peritumoral areas may represent important parameters of LSCCs. This may contribute to a better stratification of laryngeal carcinoma cases and the individualized selection of clinical treatment protocols.
Assessment of mRNA Vaccine Immunogenicity in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Tsoutsoura Paraskevi , Xagas Efstathios , Roussos Sotirios , Hatzakis Angelos , Gourzi Polyxeni , Boletis Ioannis N. , Marinaki Smaragdi
Published: June 2023

Background and Objectives: Solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients have a higher risk of suffering from severe Coronavirus (COVID-19) compared to the general population. Studies have shown impaired immunogenicity of mRNA vaccines in this high-risk population; thus, SOT recipients have been prioritized globally for primary and booster doses. Materials and Methods: We analyzed 144 SOT recipients who had previously received two doses of BNT162b2 or mRNA1273 vaccine, and who were subsequently vaccinated with a booster dose of the mRNA1273 vaccine. Humoral and cellular immune responses were measured 1 and 3 months after the second dose, and 1 month after the third dose. Results: One month after the second dose, 33.6% (45/134) of patients displayed a positive antibody response with a median (25th, 75th) antibody titer of 9 (7, 161) AU/mL. Three months after the second dose, 41.8% (56/134) tested positive with a median (25th, 75th) antibody titer of 18 (7, 251) AU/mL. After the booster dose, the seropositivity rate increased to 69.4% (93/134), with a median (25th, 75th) titer of 966 (10, 8027) AU/mL. The specific SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response was assessed in 44 randomly selected recipients 3 months after the second dose, and 11.4% (5/44) of them had a positive response. Following the third dose, 42% (21/50) tested positive. Side effects after the third dose were mild, with pain at the injection site being the most frequent adverse effect, reported by 73.4% of the recipients. Conclusion: Our study shows a mild delayed increase in antibody titer, three months after primary vaccination compared to one month after. It also shows a robust augmentation of humoral and specific T-cell responses after the booster dose, as well as the safety and tolerability of the mRNA vaccines in SOT recipients.