bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrophobically Directed, Catalyst‐Free, Multi‐Component Synthesis of Functionalized 3,4‐Dihydroquinazolin‐2(1H)‐ones.
Authors: Ramana Daggupati V. , Vinayak B. , Dileepkumar V. , Murty U. S. N. , Chowhan L. Raju , Chandrasekharam M.
Published: June 2016

A wide range of the title quinazolinones (44 examples) is prepared by environmentally benign one‐pot, three‐component reaction of o‐formyl carbamate, a primary amine, and indole or naphthol as nucleophiles involving a Mannich type reaction and subsequent intramolecular cyclization.
ChemInform Abstract: Simple and Efficient Copper‐Catalyzed Synthesis of Symmetrical Diaryl Selenides from Triarylbismuthanes and Selenium under Aerobic Conditions.
Authors: Matsumura Mio , Kumagai Hanae , Murata Yuki , Kakusawa Naoki , Yasuike Shuji
Published: June 2016

An atom‐economic, simple Cu‐catalyzed procedure for preparation of biologically and pharmaceutically interesting symmetrical diaryl selenides is developed.
ChemInform Abstract: New Cytotoxic Meroterpenoids from the Plant Endophytic Fungus Pestalotiopsis fici.
Authors: Wang Bo , Zhang Zhuowei , Guo Liangdong , Liu Ling
Published: June 2016

Three new dimeric meroterpenoids are isolated.
ChemInform Abstract: The Total Synthesis of (.+‐.)‐Naupliolide: A Tetracyclic Sesquiterpene Lactone.
Authors: Abe Hideki , Morishita Tomoyuki , Yoshie Toshihiro , Long Kerya , Kobayashi Toyoharu , Ito Hisanaka
Published: June 2016

The first total synthesis of racemic naupliolide is accomplished from a known cyclic acetal in a total of 18 steps and includes a Simmons‐Smith cyclopropanation of an allylic alcohol, diastereoselective cleavage of a benzylidene acetal group, radical cyclization of an aldehyde with a cyclopropane ring, and construction of an eight‐membered ring by ring‐closing metathesis.
ChemInform Abstract: Haebaruol, a 9,11‐Secosteroid Isolated from the Soft Coral Clavularia sp.
Authors: Inuzuka Toshiyasu , Kawazoe Yoshinori , Kobayashi Satomi , Matsumoto Rie , Yabe Jouto , Ohmura Sachikazu , Uemura Daisuke
Published: June 2016

isolation and structure determination of the novel cytotoxic secosteroid (I)
ChemInform Abstract: KOtBu‐Mediated Aromatic O‐Glycosylation of 1,2‐Anhydrosugar and Aryl Boronic Acid.
Authors: Liu Chen‐Fu , Xiong De‐Cai , Ye Xin‐Shan
Published: June 2016

A new useful method for the synthesis of phenolic glycosides by the reaction of 1,2‐anhydrosugars with aryl boronic acids is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Vinmajorines C—E, Monoterpenoid Indole Alkaloids from Vinca major.
Authors: Zhang Zhi‐Jun , Du Ru‐Nan , He Juan , Wu Xing‐De , Li Yan , Li Rong‐Tao , Zhao Qin‐Shi
Published: June 2016

Vinmajorines C (Ia), D (Ib) and E (Ic) are isolated from the whole plants of Vinca major along with 18 known analogues.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization of Dimeric Indole Alkaloids from Psychotria brachybotrya by NMR Spectroscopy and Theoretical Calculations.
Authors: Ribeiro Marcos A. dos S. , Gomes Carla M. B. , Formagio Anelise S. N. , Pereira Zefa V. , Melo Ulisses Z. , Basso Ernani A. , da Costa Willian F. , Baldoqui Debora C. , Sarragiotto Maria H.
Published: June 2016

Chemical study of Psychotria brachybotrya leads to the isolation of a new dimeric tryptamine‐related alkaloid named brachybotryne (I), its N‐oxide derivative (II), and a known compound identified as bufotenine.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Properties of Quasi‐One‐Dimensional Copper Oxide Compounds
Authors: Krivnov V. Ya. , Dmitriev D. V.
Published: June 2016

Review: 39 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Copper‐Catalyzed Direct Cross‐Coupling of Compounds Containing Activated C—H/Heteroatom—H Bonds with N‐Tosylhydrazones
Authors: Jadhav Amol P. , Ray Devalina , Rao V. U. Bhaskara , Singh Ravi P.
Published: June 2016

Review: [42 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Let′s Sort It Out: Self‐Sorting of Covalent Organic Cage Compounds
Authors: Beuerle Florian , Klotzbach Stefanie , Dhara Ayan
Published: June 2016

Review: [30 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Conjuring a Supernatural Product — DelMarine
Authors: Wan Kanny K. , Shenvi Ryan A.
Published: June 2016

Review: [52 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic Strategies Towards the Azabicyclo[3.3.0]‐octane Core of Natural Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids. An Overview
Authors: Martinez Sabrina T. , Belouezzane Chiraz , Pinto Angelo C. , Glasnov Toma
Published: June 2016

Review: 255 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition State Models for Understanding the Origin of Chiral Induction in Asymmetric Catalysis
Authors: Sunoj Raghavan B.
Published: June 2016

Review: 37 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Clay Nanocomposites as Engineered Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Jafarbeglou Maryam , Abdouss Majid , Shoushtari Ahmad Mousavi , Jafarbeglou Majid
Published: June 2016

Review: 116 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Application of Wastewater and Biosolids in Soil: Occurrence and Fate of Emerging Contaminants
Authors: Mohapatra D. P. , Cledon M. , Brar S. K. , Surampalli R. Y.
Published: June 2016

Review: 96 refs.
Vorkalkulation chemischer Anlagen
Authors: Rähse Wilfried
Published: June 2016

Die wirtschaftliche Analyse von Herstellprozessen erlaubt eine Standortbestimmung und die Priorisierung von Entwicklungsprojekten. Zunächst erfolgt eine Vorkalkulation zur Abschätzung der Investitionskosten. Kalkulationsbasis ist ein vollständiges Verfahrensfließbild mit Massen‐ und Energiebilanzen zur Auslegung der Verfahrensstufen, ausgeführt im Standardwerkstoff 1.4571. Andere Werkstoffe lassen sich über angegebene Faktoren anpassen, andere Größen und Kapazitäten über Degressionsexponenten. Die Vorkalkulation wird beispielhaft erläutert. Investitionskosten bilden die Grundlage zur anschließenden Ermittlung der Herstellkosten.
Impact of fine solids on mined athabasca oil sands extraction II. Effect of fine solids with different surface wettability on bitumen recovery
Authors: Zhou Zoe A. , Li Haihong , Chow Ross , Adeyinka Olusola B. , Xu Zhenghe , Masliyah Jacob
Published: June 2016

The effect of solids wettability on bitumen extraction recovery and froth quality was examined by adding fine solids (< 5 and < 40 μm silica, or < 5 μm kaolinite clays) and surfactants (dodecylamine) to the oil sands slurry. Oil sands extraction tests were run using a 1‐L Denver flotation cell at 50 °C. The results show that solids wettability plays a significant role in bitumen extraction recovery and froth quality. Adding fine solids to the oil sands slurry decreased bitumen recovery, and increased the amount of solids and water in the bitumen froth. The addition of finer solids (< 5 μm) into the oil sands slurry resulted in more solids and water in the bitumen froth than the addition of coarser solids (< 40 μm). Compared to hydrophilic solids, hydrophobized fine solids due to amine addition led to more fine solids being recovered to the bitumen froth. However, recovery of hydrophobized fine solids (resulting from amine adsorption) increased with smaller particle sizes, which is contrary to the trend in single mineral flotation where hydrophobized solids recovery increased with increasing particle sizes (for the size faction of < 44 μm).
Self‐correcting modifier‐adaptation strategy for batch‐to‐batch optimization based on batch‐wise unfolded PLS model
Authors: Jia Runda , Mao Zhizhong , Wang Fuli
Published: June 2016

The problem of optimizing a batch process under model uncertainty using a batch‐wise unfolded PLS (BW‐PLS) model‐based modifier‐adaptation (MA) strategy is described. The main idea behind the strategy is to use measurements and iteratively modify the model to compensate for the mismatch of the necessary condition of optimality (NCO) between the plant and the model‐based optimization problem. It is proven that the popular data‐driven model‐based iterative learning control (ILC) strategy is equivalent to the proposed MA strategy using only zero‐order modifier. Inspired by the effectiveness of the ILC being enhanced by rebuilding the data‐driven model, a more elaborate model updating scheme is proposed in this paper to improve the optimization performances. The heuristic rules for choosing filtering gain matrix are also presented to further accelerate the convergence rate and reduce the variation of the cost during the period of evolution. Finally, the efficacy of the proposed MA strategy is illustrated via a simulated typical batch reaction and a simulated cobalt oxalate synthesis process.
Impaired constitutive and regenerative neurogenesis in adult hyperglycemic zebrafish
Authors: Dorsemans Anne‐Claire , Soulé Stéphanie , Weger Meltem , Bourdon Emmanuel , Lefebvre d'Hellencourt Christian , Meilhac Olivier , Diotel Nicolas
Published: June 2016

A growing body of evidence supports hyperglycemia as a putative contributor to several brain dysfunctions observed in diabetes patients, such as impaired memory capacity, neural plasticity, and neurogenic processes. Thanks to the persistence of radial glial cells acting as neural stem cells, the brain of the adult zebrafish constitutes a relevant model to investigate constitutive and injury‐induced neurogenesis in adult vertebrates. However, there is limited understanding of the impact of hyperglycemia on brain dysfunction in the zebrafish model. This work aimed at exploring the impact of acute and chronic hyperglycemia on brain homeostasis and neurogenesis. Acute hyperglycemia was shown to promote gene expression of proinflammatory cytokines (il1β, il6, il8, and tnfα) in the brain and chronic hyperglycemia to impair expression of genes involved in the establishment of the blood–brain barrier (claudin 5a, zona occludens 1a and b). Chronic hyperglycemia also decreased brain cell proliferation in most neurogenic niches throughout the forebrain and the midbrain. By using a stab wound telencephalic injury model, the impact of hyperglycemia on brain repair mechanisms was investigated. Whereas the initial step of parenchymal cell proliferation was not affected by acute hyperglycemia, later proliferation of neural progenitors was significantly decreased by chronic hyperglycemia in the injured brain of fish. Taken together, these data offer new evidence highlighting the evolutionary conserved adverse effects of hyperglycemia on neurogenesis and brain healing in zebrafish. In addition, our study reinforces the utility of zebrafish as a robust model for studying the effects of metabolic disorders on the central nervous system. J. Comp. Neurol. 525:442–458, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The Quest for Photoswitches Activated by Near‐Infrared Light: A Theoretical Study of the Photochemistry of BF2‐Coordinated Azo Derivatives
Authors: Moreno Miquel , Gelabert Ricard , Lluch José M.
Published: June 2016

Recently synthesized BF2‐coordinated azo derivatives have been proposed as photoswitches that operate in the optical window (λ=600–1200 nm) for use in bioimaging applications. Herein, we have theoretically analyzed these compounds and modified some substituents to analyze which properties of the molecule govern its photochemistry. Our results compare rather well with the available experimental data, so our methodology, based on density functional theory (DFT) calculations for the ground electronic state and time‐dependent‐DFT for the first excited electronic state, is validated. Through systematic modification of different substituents of the parent system, we designed compounds that are predicted to operate fully within the optical window. We also analyzed several molecules for which the cis isomer is the more stable isomer, a quite unusual result for azobenzene derivatives that is a much coveted property for some applications of these photoactive molecules in pharmacology. Our results also provide insight into other properties relevant for photoswitches, such as the thermal stability of the less stable isomer and the magnitude of the gap between the wavelengths of the radiation that activates each isomerization process, which must be as large as possible to improve the yield of each photoisomerization. From a more general perspective, our results may provide a step towards the rational design of new photoswitches that fulfill a set of desired characteristics.
Coordination Chemistry Dictates the Structural Defects in Lead Halide Perovskites
Authors: Rahimnejad Sara , Kovalenko Alexander , Forés Sergio Martí , Aranda Clara , Guerrero Antonio
Published: June 2016

We show the influence of species present in precursor solution during formation of lead halide perovskite materials on the structural defects of the films. The coordination of lead by competing solvent molecules and iodide ions dictate the type of complexes present in the films. Depending on the processing conditions all PbIS5+, PbI2S4, PbI3S3−, PbI4S22−, PbI5S23−, PbI64−and 1D (Pb2I4)n chains are observed by absorption measurements. Different parameters are studied such as polarity of the solvent, concentration of iodide ions, concentration of solvent molecules and temperature. It is concluded that strongly coordinating solvents will preferentially form species with a low number of iodide ions and less coordinative solvents generate high concentration of PbI6−. We furthermore propose that all these plumbate ions may act as structural defects determining electronic properties of the photovoltaic films.
Electronic Transitions in Conformationally Controlled Peralkylated Hexasilanes
Authors: Kanazawa Yuki , Tsuji Hayato , Ehara Masahiro , Fukuda Ryoichi , Casher Deborah L. , Tamao Kohei , Nakatsuji Hiroshi , Michl Josef
Published: June 2016

The photophysical properties of oligosilanes show unique conformational dependence due to σ‐electron delocalization. The excited states of the SAS, AAS, and AEA conformations of peralkylated n‐hexasilanes, in which the SiSiSiSi dihedral angles are controlled into a syn (S), anti (A), or eclipsed (E) conformation, were investigated by using UV absorption, magnetic circular dichroism (MCD), and linear dichroism spectroscopy. Simultaneous Gaussian fitting of all three spectra identified a minimal set of transitions and the wavenumbers, oscillator strengths, and MCD B terms in all three compounds. The results compare well with those obtained by using the symmetry‐adapted‐cluster configuration interaction method and almost as well with those obtained by time‐dependent density functional theory with the PBE0 functional. The conformational dependence of the transition energies and other properties of free‐chain permethylated n‐hexasilane, n‐Si6Me14, was also examined as a function of dihedral angles, and the striking effects found were attributed to avoided crossings between configurations of σσ* and σπ* character.
A case report of CIC‐rearranged undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma in the cerebrum
Authors: Ito Mayumi , Ishikawa Misawo , Kitajima Masateru , Narita Jun , Hattori Shinya , Endo Otone , Goto Keisuke
Published: June 2016

CIC‐rearranged undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma (CIC‐rearranged USRCS) is a recently established type of Ewing‐like small round cell sarcomas, characterized by CIC gene rearrangement, most commonly CIC‐DUX4 fusion. This report presents the second case of CIC‐rearranged USRCS arising primarily in the cerebrum. A 64‐year‐old otherwise healthy woman presented with a 1 × 1 cm sized hemorrhagic subcortical tumor in the left temporo‐parietal lobe. The tumor repeatedly recurred, and the patient underwent three surgeries, chemotherapy with doxorubicin and ifosfamide, and radiotherapy, as well as gamma knife surgery. Systemic examination revealed no other extracranial masses. Imprint cytology revealed small to moderate‐sized round‐to‐ovoid tumor cells with mild pleomorphism and variations in size and shape. The nuclei contained finely granular chromatin, and some had easily‐recognizable nucleoli. The tumor exhibited a mainly cytoplasmic pattern of CD99 immunostaining, rather than a diffuse membranous pattern. The tumor also exhibited diffuse positivity for calretinin and p16, as well as partial positivity for WT1 (nuclear and cytoplasmic staining pattern) and D2‐40. FISH assessment showed CIC split signals. In conclusion, CIC‐rearranged USRCSs can occur primarily in the cerebrum. It would be impossible to diagnose them through cytology alone, but cytology would be useful to rule out other small round cell brain tumors including gliomas, lymphomas, carcinomas, and germinoma. Immunohistochemical analysis including tests for CD99, calretinin, and WT1 would help to suggest CIC‐rearranged USRCSs and distinguish them from Ewing sarcomas. Additionally, immunohistochemistry for p16 might be useful in the diagnosis. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2016;44:828–832. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Synthesis of α‐Ethynyl Glycines
Authors: Bolsakova Jekaterina , Jirgensons Aigars
Published: June 2016

α‐Ethynyl glycine derivatives have a high potential for functionalization by derivatization of the amino acid or acetylene moiety, and, as a result, are important intermediates in the construction of biologically active compounds, including natural products. The main methods for the synthesis of ethynyl glycines and glycinols can be divided into six different transformations: (a) homologations of serinal derivatives, (b) nucleophilic alkynylations of α‐imino esters/alcohols or their precursors α‐halo glycinates, (c) derivatizations of alkynyl imino esters, (d) electrophilic alkynylations of α‐nitro esters and azlactones by using hypervalent iodine reagents, (e) intra‐ and intermolecular aminolysis reactions of epoxides, and (f) propargylic aminations through the cyclization of bis(imidate). This microreview summarizes the methods that were published from 1996 to 2015.
Effect of Thiophene Spacer Position in Carbazole‐Based Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells on Photophysical, Electrochemical and Photovoltaic Properties
Authors: Samae Ruslan , Surawatanawong Panida , Eiamprasert Utt , Pramjit Songyos , Saengdee Laksana , Tangboriboonrat Pramuan , Kiatisevi Supavadee
Published: June 2016

The synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties, and photovoltaic performances in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) of five new metal‐free organic sensitizers with a carbazole moiety as the electron donor are reported. The compounds contain a thiophene at various positions and a cyanoacrylic acid unit as the electron acceptor. The position of the thiophene moiety affected both the photophysical and electrochemical properties, leading to conversion efficiencies of 1.44 to 4.57 % under AM 1.5 solar conditions (100 mW cm–2). The best performance and longest electron lifetime were found when a thiophene was located on both donor and acceptor sites. The DSSC showed a short‐circuit current (Jsc) of 8.59 mA/cm2, an open‐circuit photovoltage (Voc) of 0.75 V, and a fill factor (FF) of 0.71. The position of the π‐conjugated bridges not only affects the absorption spectra and the energy levels of the sensitizers, but also adjusts the electron lifetime.
Injection of hydrogen gas stimulates acid mine drainage treatment in laboratory‐scale hydroponic root mats
Authors: Richter Juliane , Wiessner Arndt , Zehnsdorf Andreas , Müller Jochen A. , Kuschk Peter
Published: June 2016

The environmentally benign disposal of acid mine drainage (AMD) is still a technical challenge. In the present study, artificial AMD was treated in a laboratory‐scale floating hydroponic root mat of soft rush, Juncus effusus. This ecotechnological system was operated with hydrogen injection and water recirculation but without an external carbon supply. It achieved a mean increase of ΔpH = 3.3 up to pH ≈ 8.2, high sulfate removal of up to 87%, and efficient removal of iron (100%), aluminum (99.8%), manganese (97.4%), and zinc (99.6%). Sulfide was not detected in the outflow. Treatment performance correlated with the amount of hydrogen loading. Daily oscillations of the redox potential up to amplitudes of ΔEh ≈ 450 mV in a mean range of Eh ≈ −150 to +300 mV indicated a correlation of plant physiology and removal processes. Apparently, sulfate and metal removal were the result of chemolithotrophic microbial sulfate reduction supported by the externally provided H2 and chemoorganotrophic sulfate reduction driven by rhizodeposits. Bicarbonate generated in the microbial transformation of such plant‐derived organic carbon contributed to pH neutralization. The effluent's pH increase was governed further by recirculation of the treated AMD. The flow regime and the injection of hydrogen at the ground of the root mat caused concentration gradients where the most efficient removal occurred in the deepest zone of the root mat. Further investigations should target long‐term stability, plant growth dynamics, load variations, balances of carbon and sulfur, the removal of H2S and metal precipitates from the system as well as efficient hydrogen supply.
Get your campus ready for Generation Z
Authors: Hope Joan
Published: June 2016

WASHINGTON, D.C. — If you've noticed a shift in your traditional‐aged students' behaviors and expectations in the last couple of years, that's because you're seeing Generation Z arrive on campus. The first students from this generation started as freshmen in 2013, said Corey Seemiller, assistant professor of leadership studies at Wright State University; and Meghan Grace, new member orientation director for Sigma Phi Epsilon. Seemiller and Grace, the authors of Generation Z Goes to College, spoke at the Association of American Colleges and Universities annual meeting.
Apply your FERPA knowledge in real‐life scenarios
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2016

PHOENIX — Understanding the requirements of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act can mean the difference between staying in federal compliance for your college or university and being hit with lofty fines. In a session at the recent American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers annual conference, LeRoy Rooker, senior fellow at AACRAO and former director of the Department of Education's Family Policy Compliance Office, provided real‐life scenarios for session participants to demonstrate the correct way to apply FERPA to help them test their understanding. Determine how you would proceed in the following situations.
Focus on key strategies to increase enrollment even in the face of adversity
Authors: Sutton Halley
Published: June 2016

In 2012, the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter‐day Saints made the announcement that male disciples of the Church should serve their two years on a religious mission of conversion at age 18, rather than the previous age of 21. In a state where 50 percent of all high school students are Mormon, the sudden loss of a huge population of potential incoming college students was a matter of major concern for most institutions.
Analysis of strategies for progressive 5G emergency network deployment
Authors: Vilhar Andrej , Hrovat Andrej , Ozimek Igor , Javornik Tomaž
Published: June 2016

Temporary communication systems for emergency situations have traditionally been provided by a single communication technology. They are typically based on the 2G technologies for mobile radio that cannot meet the data rate requirements of contemporary applications. Emergency systems based on the 3GPP Long Term Evolution technology are presently under investigation, and interest in including new 5G concepts is increasing. The latter will enable employment of multiple heterogeneous communication systems such as fast deployable areal platforms, ad hoc portable terrestrial stations and satellite communications, all of which integrated with the preserved part of the existing wireless infrastructure. Such an integrated approach is studied and evaluated here, based on the simultaneous use of the remaining terrestrial systems and additional low‐altitude platforms. Simulations of the system were performed using the GRASS‐RaPlaT tool, augmented with the AMS‐DEMO tool for optimising a radio network configuration and based on a set of four criteria functions. Different scenarios are investigated for setting up the initial emergency network configuration that is primarily focused on providing the high coverage needed for emergency forces. This is followed by recovering the complete system with larger capacity and better quality of service. An application of 5G principles, such as carrier aggregation, has proved to be beneficial. The performance of the emergency network is evaluated in an actual geographic location of the city of Ljubljana and compared with the existing mobile network in this area. Based on the results, recommendations are given for the procedures needed to rebuild a mobile network after a disaster. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Use of the submental vessels for free gracilis muscle transfer for smile reanimation
Authors: Goyal Neerav , Jowett Nathan , Dwojak Sunshine , Cunane Mary Beth , Zander David , Hadlock Tessa A. , Emerick Kevin S.
Published: June 2016

Background

Free muscle transfer is an important in dynamic facial reanimation; however, suitable donor vessels in this population can be inadequate. In this case series, the submental vessels were used as donors to free gracilis muscle in vessel‐depleted patients.

Methods

Five patients underwent free gracilis muscle transfer for smile reanimation, 2 with a prior failed free gracilis transfer, 2 with vascular anomalies, and 1 with previous distal ligation of the facial vessels. The submental artery was used as a donor in all cases, and the submental vein was used in 3 cases.

Results

There were no complications or flap failure. Postoperative arterial and venous blood flow was confirmed in all patients using Doppler color flow imaging above and below the anastomoses.

Conclusion

The submental vessels are suitable for microvascular anastomosis for free flaps having short pedicles, such as the free gracilis muscle flap, in the vessel‐depleted hemiface. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–E2503, 2016
How and When Did You Learn Your Languages? Bilingual Students’ Linguistic Experiences and Literacy Instruction
Authors: Brooks Maneka Deanna
Published: June 2016

Educators are expected to take into account students’ linguistic experiences when designing literacy instruction. However, official school records traditionally provide limited information about students’ linguistic histories. This article presents educators with a linguistic survey that can help bridge this gap. The survey is an easy‐to‐use classroom resource through which educators can gather information about their students’ linguistic experiences. Notably, it is based on ideas about and research on bilingualism that are not traditionally discussed in mainstream literacy education. To illustrate the survey's potential for instruction, the article includes a case study of a 10th‐grade student and discusses the implications of the type of information garnered by the survey for literacy pedagogy. As a whole, this article supports educators in making more linguistically informed decisions about literacy instruction.
Development of novel electrically conductive scaffold based on hyperbranched polyester and polythiophene for tissue engineering applications
Authors: Jaymand Mehdi , Sarvari Raana , Abbaszadeh Parisa , Massoumi Bakhshali , Eskandani Morteza , Beygi‐Khosrowshahi Younes
Published: June 2016

A novel electrically conductive scaffold containing hyperbranched aliphatic polyester (HAP), polythiophene (PTh), and poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) for regenerative medicine application was succesfully fabricated via electrospinning technique. For this purpose, the HAP (G4; fourth generation) was synthesized via melt polycondensation reaction from tris(methylol)propane and 2,2‐bis(methylol)propionic acid (bis‐MPA). Afterward, the synthesized HAP was functionalized with 2‐thiopheneacetic acid in the presence of N,N‐dicyclohexyl carbodiimide, and N‐hydroxysuccinimide as coupling agent and catalyst, respectively, to afford a thiophene‐functionalized G4 macromonomer. This macromonomer was subsequently used in chemical oxidation copolymerization with thiophene monomer to produce a star‐shaped PTh with G4 core (G4‐PTh). The solution of the G4‐PTh, and PCL was electrospun to produce uniform, conductive, and biocompatible nanofibers. The conductivity, hydrophilicity, and mechanical properties of these nanofibers were investigated. The biocompatibility of the electrospun nanofibers were evaluated by assessing the adhesion and proliferation of mouse osteoblast MC3T3‐E1 cell line and in vitro degradability to demonstrate their potential uses as a tissue engineering scaffold. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 104A: 2673–2684, 2016.
Acute Phosphate Restriction Impairs Bone Formation and Increases Marrow Adipose Tissue in Growing Mice
Authors: Ko Frank C , Martins Janaina S , Reddy Pooja , Bragdon Beth , Hussein Amira I , Gerstenfeld Louis C , Demay Marie B
Published: June 2016

Phosphate plays a critical role in chondrocyte maturation and skeletal mineralization. Studies examining the consequences of dietary phosphate restriction in growing mice demonstrated not only the development of rickets, but also a dramatic decrease in bone accompanied by increased marrow adipose tissue (MAT). Thus studies were undertaken to determine the effects of dietary phosphate restriction on bone formation and bone marrow stromal cell (BMSC) differentiation. Acute phosphate restriction of 28-day-old mice profoundly inhibited bone formation within 48 hours. It also resulted in increased mRNA expression of the early osteolineage markers Sox9 and Runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2), accompanied by decreased expression of the late osteolineage markers Osterix and Osteocalcin in BMSCs and osteoblasts, suggesting that phosphate restriction arrests osteoblast differentiation between Runx2 and Osterix. Increased expression of PPARγ and CEBPα, key regulators of adipogenic differentiation, was observed within 1 week of dietary phosphate restriction and was followed by a 13-fold increase in MAT at 3 weeks of phosphate restriction. In vitro phosphate restriction did not alter BMSC osteogenic or adipogenic colony formation, implicating aberrant paracrine or endocrine signaling in the in vivo phenotype. Because BMP signaling regulates the transition between Runx2 and Osterix, this pathway was interrogated. A dramatic decrease in pSmad1/5/9 immunoreactivity was observed in the osteoblasts of phosphate-restricted mice on day 31 (d31) and d35. This was accompanied by attenuated expression of the BMP target genes Id1, KLF10, and Foxc2, the latter of which promotes osteogenic and angiogenic differentiation while impairing adipogenesis. A decrease in expression of the Notch target gene Hey1, a BMP-regulated gene that governs angiogenesis, was also observed in phosphate-restricted mice, in association with decreased metaphyseal marrow vasculature. Whereas circulating phosphate levels are known to control growth plate maturation and skeletal mineralization, these studies reveal novel consequences of phosphate restriction in the regulation of bone formation and osteoblast differentiation. © 2016 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
Heterodimeric BMP‐2/7 for nucleus pulposus regeneration—In vitro and ex vivo studies
Authors: Li Zhen , Lang Gernot , Karfeld‐Sulzer Lindsay S. , Mader Kerstin T. , Richards R. Geoff , Weber Franz E. , Sammon Chris , Sacks Hagit , Yayon Avner , Alini Mauro , Grad Sibylle
Published: June 2016

Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration is the leading trigger of low back pain, which causes disability and leads to enormous healthcare toll worldwide. Biological treatment with growth factors has evolved as potential therapy for IVD regeneration. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP‐2) and BMP‐7 have shown promise in this regard. In the current study, we evaluated the effect of BMP‐2/7 heterodimer for disc regeneration both in vitro and in organ culture. Nucleus pulposus (NP) cells isolated from bovine caudal disc were cultured in a fibrin‐hyaluronan (FBG‐HA) hydrogel for up to 14 days. BMP‐2/7 heterodimer covalently incorporated within the hydrogel up‐regulated the aggrecan and type II collagen gene expression, and glycosaminoglycan synthesis of NP cells. The activity of the BMP‐2/7 heterodimer was dose dependent. The higher dose of BMP‐2/7 was further assessed in an IVD whole organ system. After 14 days of culture with cyclic dynamic load, the BMP‐2/7 heterodimer delivered into the nucleotomized region showed potential to stimulate the gene expression and synthesis of proteoglycan in the remaining NP tissue after partial nucleotomy. The gene expression level of type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase in the native disc tissue were not affected by BMP‐2/7 treatment, indicating no adverse fibroblastic or osteogenic effect on the disc tissue. Intradiscal delivery of BMP‐2/7 heterodimer may be a promising therapeutic approach for NP regeneration. The current IVD whole organ partial nucleotomy model may be utilized for screening of other biomaterials or drugs to treat early degenerative disc disorders. © 2016 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 35:51–60, 2017.
Qualitative and quantitative analysis of ochratoxin A contamination in green coffee beans using Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy
Authors: Taradolsirithitikul Panchita , Sirisomboon Panmanas , Dachoupakan Sirisomboon Cheewanun
Published: June 2016

BACKGROUND

Ochratoxin A (OTA) contamination is highly prevalent in a variety of agricultural products including the commercially important coffee bean. As such, rapid and accurate detection methods are considered necessary for the identification of OTA in green coffee beans. The goal of this research was to apply Fourier transform near infrared spectroscopy to detect and classify OTA contamination in green coffee beans in both a quantitative and qualitative manner.

RESULTS

PLSR models were generated using pretreated spectroscopic data to predict the OTA concentration. The best model displayed a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.814, a standard error of prediction (SEP and bias of 1.965 µg kg−1 and 0.358 µg kg−1, respectively. Additionally, a PLS‐DA model was also generated, displaying a classification accuracy of 96.83% for a non‐OTA contaminated model and 80.95% for an OTA contaminated model, with an overall classification accuracy of 88.89%.

CONCLUSION

The results demonstrate that the developed model could be used for detecting OTA contamination in green coffee beans in either a quantitative or qualitative manner. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry
Polymer‐Fullerene Network Formation via Light‐Induced Crosslinking
Authors: Sugawara Yuuki , Hiltebrandt Kai , Blasco Eva , Barner‐Kowollik Christopher
Published: June 2016

A facile and efficient methodology for the formation of polymer‐fullerene networks via a light‐induced reaction is reported. The photochemical crosslinking is based on a nitrile imine‐mediated tetrazole‐ene cycloaddition reaction, which proceeds catalyst‐free under UV‐light irradiation (λmax = 320 nm) at ambient temperature. A tetrazole‐functionalized polymer (Mn = 6500 g mol−1, Ð = 1.3) and fullerene C60 are employed for the formation of the hybrid networks. The tetrazole‐functionalized polymer as well as the fullerene‐containing networks are carefully characterized by NMR spectrometry, size exclusion chromatography, infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. Furthermore, thermal analysis of the fullerene networks and their precursors is carried out. The current contribution thus induces an efficient platform technology for fullerene‐based network formation.

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Convergence and speed estimates for semilinear wave systems with nonautonomous damping
Authors: Jiao Zhe , Xiao Ti‐Jun
Published: June 2016

We study the convergence to equilibria, as time tends to infinity, of trajectories of dissipative wave systems with time‐dependent velocity feedbacks and subject to nonlinear potential energies. Estimates for the speed of convergence are obtained in terms of the damping coefficient and the Łojasiewicz–Simon exponent. We allow for both restoring and amplifying effects of exterior forces, which makes our results possess wide applicability. As an example of application, we show that the trajectories of a sine‐Gordon system, with nonautonomous damping, approach equilibria at least polynomially. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Existence and estimation of the Hausdorff dimension of attractors for an epidemic model
Authors: Anguiano María
Published: June 2016

We prove the existence of pullback and uniform attractors for the process associated to a non‐autonomous SIR model, with several types of non‐autonomous features. The Hausdorff dimension of the pullback attractor is also estimated. We illustrate some examples of pullback attractors by numerical simulations. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling the depletion of dissolved oxygen in a water body located near a city
Authors: Venturino Ezio , Tiwari P.K. , Misra A.K.
Published: June 2016

Water bodies located nearby cities are much prone to pollution, especially in the developing countries, where effluents treatment facilities are generally lacking. The main reason for this phenomenon is the increasing population in the cities, and the large number of industries located near them. This leads to generation of huge amounts of domestic and industrial sewage that is discharged into the water bodies, increasing their organic pollutant load and resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model for this situation, focusing especially on the resulting quality of the water, determined by the level of dissolved oxygen. The model also accounts for resources needed for the population survival and for the industrial operations. In addition, we describe also the decomposition of organic pollutants by bacteria in the aquatic medium. Feasibility conditions and stability criteria of the system's equilibria are determined analytically. The results show that human population and industries are relevant influential factors responsible for the increase in organic pollutants and the decrease in dissolved oxygen in the water body, in the sense that they may exert a destabilizing effect on the system. The numerical simulations confirm the analytical results. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Unified fractional step method for Lagrangian analysis of quasi‐incompressible fluid and nonlinear structure interaction using the PFEM
Authors: Zhu Minjie , Scott Michael H.
Published: June 2016

The fractional step method (FSM) is an efficient solution technique for the particle finite element method, a Lagrangian‐based approach to simulate fluid–structure interaction (FSI). Despite various refinements, the applicability of the FSM has been limited to low viscosity flow and FSI simulations with a small number of equations along the fluid–structure interface. To overcome these limitations, while incorporating nonlinear response in the structural domain, an FSM that unifies structural and fluid response in the discrete governing equations is developed using the quasi‐incompressible formulation. With this approach, fluid and structural particles do not need to be treated separately, and both domains are unified in the same system of equations. Thus, the equations along the fluid–structure interface do not need to be segregated from the fluid and structural domains. Numerical examples compare the unified FSM with the non‐unified FSM and show that the computational cost of the proposed method overcomes the slow convergence of the non‐unified FSM for high values of viscosity. As opposed to the non‐unified FSM, the number of iterations required for convergence with the unified FSM becomes independent of viscosity and time step, and the simulation run time does not depend on the size of the FSI interface. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Advantages of the mixed format in geometrically nonlinear analysis of beams and shells using solid finite elements
Authors: Magisano D. , Leonetti L. , Garcea G.
Published: June 2016

The paper deals with two main advantages in the analysis of slender elastic structures both achieved through the mixed (stress and displacement) format with respect to the more commonly used displacement one: (i) the smaller error in the extrapolations usually employed in the solution strategies of nonlinear problems and (ii) the lower polynomial dependence of the problem equations on the finite element degrees of freedom when solid finite elements are used. The smaller extrapolation error produces a lower number of iterations and larger step length in path‐following analysis and a greater accuracy in Koiter asymptotic method. To focus on the origin of the phenomenon, the two formats are derived for the same finite element interpolation. The reduced polynomial dependence improves the Koiter asymptotic strategy in terms of both computational efficiency, accuracy and simplicity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effect of gamma‐irradiation sterilization on the physical and mechanical properties of a hybrid wound dressing
Authors: Mazor Eytan , Zilberman Meital
Published: June 2016

A wound dressing should ideally provide an optimal healing environment which enables rapid healing. It should maintain a moist environment at the wound surface, allow gas exchange, act as a barrier to microorganisms, remove excess exudates and afford mechanical protection to the wound. A new bioresorbable hybrid wound dressing which combines a poly(DL‐lactic‐co‐glycolic acid) porous top layer with a spongy collagen sublayer was developed and studied. The top layer contained the antibiotic drug gentamicin for controlled release to the wound site. It is of very high importance to use an appropriate sterilization process for this special new wound dressing, which will not have a deleterious effect on its function. Our investigation therefore focused on the effects of gamma‐irradiation sterilization (10, 25, 35 and 50 kGy) on the structure properties of this wound dressing. The physical and mechanical properties were of the wound dressings were affected by the gamma irradiation because of a combination of chain scission and crosslinking of the collagen layer mainly. The weight loss and water vapor transmission rate were increased, while the water uptake was decreased with the increase in the irradiation dose. The changes were small when doses of 10 or 25 kGy were applied at room temperature. The gamma‐irradiation resulted in stronger but more brittle wound dressings. These trends were smaller when the sterilization process was carried out in liquid nitrogen. Our research shows that gamma‐sterilization process is feasible for our new concept of hybrid wound dressings and optimal conditions can be chosen. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Inhaled Iloprost for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension (CTEPH) During Pregnancy: A Case Report
Authors: Horng Michelle , Mohammad Insaf , Smith Zachary R. , Awdish Rana L. , Cajigas Hector R.
Published: June 2016

Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is a subset of pulmonary hypertension caused by acute and recurrent pulmonary emboli. Pulmonary thromboendarterectomy is the treatment of choice, but 10–50% of patients are ineligible for this procedure. We describe the case of a 25‐year‐old, morbidly obese (228‐kg, body mass index 83.5 kg/m2) pregnant woman (G3P2) who presented at 24 weeks’ gestation; bilateral pulmonary angiography revealed filling defects and confirmed the diagnosis of CTEPH. The patient was evaluated and deemed to present too high of a risk for pulmonary thromboendarterectomy, so a multidisciplinary team initiated medical therapy. Sildenafil 20 mg orally 3 times/day was started at week 24 of gestation, and inhaled iloprost was added at 26 weeks and titrated to 5 µg inhaled every 2 hrs in order to optimize hemodynamic status prior to a cesarean section delivery scheduled to be performed 6 weeks later. At 32 weeks of gestation, the patient's pulmonary arterial systolic pressure was 77 mm Hg, right atrial pressure was 15 mm Hg, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 16 mm Hg, and a healthy 1741‐g male infant was delivered by cesarean section. The patient was transferred back to the medical intensive care unit in stable condition and discharged home 9 days following the procedure. Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for patients with CTEPH who become pregnant are limited to phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors and prostacyclin analog therapies due to the teratogenicity of the other drug classes used to treat the disorder (endothelin receptor antagonists and soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators). To our knowledge, this is the first case report of inhaled iloprost use in addition to oral sildenafil to improve patient symptomatology and hemodynamics during the peripartum period of a young pregnant patient with inoperable CTEPH. This drug therapy was used safely, with no noted adverse effects to the newborn or to the patient.
Impact of the injection‐level‐dependent lifetime on Voc, FF, ideality m, J02, and the dim light response in a commercial PERC cell
Authors: Hieslmair Henry , Appel Jesse , Kasthuri Jai , Guo Jason , Johnson Bayard , Binns Jeff
Published: June 2016

The injection‐level‐dependent (ILD) lifetime of the silicon wafer impacts many characteristics of the final photovoltaic cell. While efficiency is commonly understood to be impacted by the silicon bulk lifetime (at the maximum power point injection level), this work demonstrates the wide ranging impacts of ILD lifetime on the Voc, the fill factor (FF), the diode ideality factor m, and the dim light response. Instead of a two‐diode model, we utilize a boundary + ILD bulk lifetime model to analyze a commercial passivated emitter rear contact (PERC) cell featuring an AlOx dielectric rear passivation. The ILD lifetime is directly measured and used to calculate the bulk recombination current across injection levels. With this boundary + ILD lifetime model, we demonstrate the role of the ILD lifetime on many cell parameters in this PERC cell. For most high efficiency commercial p‐type monocrystalline solar cells, the typically lower bulk lifetime at the maximum power point versus the lifetime at the open circuit point reduces the measured FF and pseudo‐FF. This work illustrates that for a commercial PERC cell with AlOx rear passivation, the ILD lifetime is the primary mechanism behind reduced FF, ideality factors greater than 1, and the source of the J02 term in the two‐diode model. The crucial implications of this work are not only to better understand commercial PERC cell loss mechanisms but also to encourage a focus on different metrics in cell diagnostics. One such metric is the Voc at 0.1 or 0.05 suns. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Interconversion and selective reactivity of sulfur dioxide reduction intermediates inserted on graphene oxide
Authors: Smaniotto Alessandra , Humeres Eduardo , Debacher Nito A. , de Castro Karen M. , Benetoli Luís O. B. , Schreiner Wido H. , Canle Moisés , Santaballa J. Arturo
Published: June 2016

Graphene oxide, MPGO, was obtained by oxidation of graphite microparticles by a H2SO4/KMnO4/H2O2 mixture followed by thermal exfoliation. Non‐thermal plasma treatment of MPGO under SO2 atmosphere resulted in the insertion of the oxidized intermediates only. Refluxing this material in CS2 (46 °C) showed sulfur elimination and interconversion of the oxidized into non‐oxidized intermediates with an energetic barrier of ΔG‡ = 25.81 kcal mol−1 without decarboxylation. The episulfide content in modified MPGO increases with respect to the oxidized intermediates when increasing temperature. Modification of MPGO with SO2 at 630 °C presented exclusively the non‐oxidized intermediate. These results support the hypothesis that there are two major reactions with different energetic demand in the SO2 reduction on carbons: desulfurization and decarboxylation. The selectivity of thiolysis and aminolysis towards the intermediates inserted in the MPGO matrix allowed the amino‐thiolysis of a sample containing both intermediates with the insertion of the amino group on the episulfide site followed by an intramolecular thiolysis with double functionalization of the matrix. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.