bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reviewing Home Based Assistive Technologies
Authors: Bamidis Panagiotis D. , Konstantinidis Evdokimos , Billis Antonis S. , Sioundas Anastasios
Published: May 2015

Population ageing is an unprecedented challenge for human societies, which recently is globally tackled by new technologies. In this chapter technologies tailored for use by the elderly people termed ambient assisted living and e-health are discussed. Focus is only placed on those technologies that can be adapted for home use. Emphasis is drawn both on the technical front as well as on the application front based on recent literature. The scope is to make sure the audience reaches a sufficiently broad understanding of what technology is available for home use by elderly people. Applications and research efforts spent but also funded at the European level with a clear focus on those supported by elderly trials are provided. The chapter is enriched with case studies from various projects.
Prevalence of Anomalies in Real World Sensor Network Deployments
Authors: Abuaitah Giovani Rimon , Wang Bin
Published: May 2015

Sensor network deployments have enabled automated data collection at a finer granularity compared to human-centric sparse deployments of traditional telemetric data loggers. However, this fine granularity cannot be achieved in the presence of failing nodes, frequent network failures, and/or potentially malicious network behaviors. Moreover, given a perfect and secure network with long-lived sensor nodes, the collected sensor data should be fault-free to guarantee quality of reasoning. Unlike traditional devices, wireless sensor motes are resource-constrained battery-powered devices equipped with few on-board sensors which are susceptible to failures, and batteries cannot always be reliably recharged. Over the years, sensor network deployments have materialized a large number of monitoring and event-detection applications. Researchers and decision makers have observed several anomalous patterns ranging from functional failures to pervasive sensing faults in most of these deployments. In this chapter, we discuss a few of these deployments to emphasize the need for an anomaly detection mechanism.
Object Tracking Algorithms in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Mirsadeghi Maryam Sadat , Mahani Ali
Published: May 2015

Mobile target tracking is one of the most important applications of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). But, the use of sensor networks for object tracking faces a number of issues in which the limited energy supply is the most important. So in target tracking problem, using methods to decrease the energy consumption as well as high accuracy and quality of tracking is the main goal. Hence, reducing the number of participant nodes in tracking phase, increasing the sleep duration of noninvolved nodes and decreasing the number of transmitted packets to the sink are the most referred methods. In this chapter the authors introduce the most suitable methods for energy efficient mobile object tracking.
Properties of the Ti Void Metal Composites Prepared with Saccharose as a Space Holder and Coated by Hydroxyapatite
Authors: Adamek Grzegorz , Andrzejewski Daniel , Jakubowicz Jarosław
Published: May 2015

In this paper hydroxyapatite biomimetic deposition on Ti void metal composites (Ti-VMC) have been shown. The Ti-VMC were prepared using saccharose (sugar crystals) as a space holder material that forms voids around the Ti scaffold. The Ti (100 and 325 mesh) with sugar (about 0.7−0.9 mm) particles were mixed together with different Ti/sugar ratio and uniaxially pressed. Then the sugar particles were dissolved in water, leaving mechanically bonded Ti particles, forming a metal scaffold. The titanium scaffolds were sintered at 1300°C, which lead to formation the Ti-VMC with voids of diameter of up to 0.9 mm. Because different Ti/saccharose ratio was applied, the Ti-VMC have been made with 50, 60 and 70% porosity. On the as-prepared Ti-VMC the hydroxyapatite (HA) was deposited using mineralisation procedure in Kokubo SBF (simulated body fluid). The Ti-VMC were kept in SBF for time from 7 up to 28 days. Finally the scaffolds were covered by layer of HA showing good corrosion resistance. The mechanical tests show, that most optimal property for implant applications have samples of 50% porosity, made from 100 mesh Ti. The scaffold of 50% porosity states a good background for implant applications.
Design of a New-Type Electro-Optical Sensor Based on the Total-Internal Reflection Theory in Heterodyne Interferometry
Authors: Wang Shinn Fwu , Kao Fu Hsi , Liu An Li
Published: May 2015

In this paper, a new-type electro-optical sensor based on the total-internal reflections theory in heterodyne interferometry is proposed. The sensor is designed as a semi-circle shape. It is made of BK7 glass with the refractive index of 1.51509. And the end surface of the sensor is designed as a micro-mirror. The phase difference between s-and p-polarizations at the output of the optical fiber sensor can be obtained when a heterodyne optical source is launched into the electro-optical sensor at a suitable incident angle. By numerical calculation, the resolution of the system by using the intensity method can reach refractive index unit (RIU) in the measurement range of. The electro-optical sensor could be valuable for chemical, biological and biochemical sensing. It is with some advantages, such as, high resolution and stability, high sensitivity and real-time measurement.
Obtaining and Trademark of Copper Molybdenum Oxide from the CuMoO4 Sample Using Carbon as a Reducing Agent
Authors: Alkenova Akbota B. , Isagulov Aristotel Z. , Zhumashev K. , Hazotte Alain
Published: May 2015

This article discusses the calculation of the apparent activation energy (CuMoO4 + C) on the DTA curve, to study and optimize the time-temperature synthesis mode, in particular the activation energy. Activation energy allows us to investigate the elementary act of chemical interaction. Thus, we propose to use this method to calculate Eact interaction processes (CuMoO4 + C) in the solid phase synthesis occurring during the reinforcement. The research results are checked by thermodynamic calculations. The results obtained allow us to trace the energy quantity expended to start the reaction.
Blunt V-Notch Brittle Fracture: An Improved Finite Fracture Mechanics Approach
Authors: Sapora Alberto , Cornetti Pietro , Carpinteri Alberto , Firrao Donato
Published: May 2015

The coupled Finite Fracture Mechanics (FFM) criterion is applied to investigate brittle fracture in rounded V-notched samples under mode I loading. The approach is based on the contemporaneous fulfilment of a stress requirement and the energy balance, the latter being implemented on the basis of a recently proposed analytical expression for the stress intensity factor. Results are presented in terms of the critical crack advance and the apparent generalized fracture toughness, i.e. the unknowns related to the system of two equations describing the FFM criterion. A validation of the theory is performed by employing varying root radius notched, as-quenched, AISI 4340 steel specimens fracture results.
Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop in a Pin Fin Heat Sink Using Nanofluids as Coolant
Authors: Duangthongsuk Weerapun , Wongwises Somchai
Published: May 2015

This research presents an experimental investigation on the heat transfer performance and pressure drop characteristics of a heat sink with miniature square pin fin structure using nanofluids as coolant. ZnO-water nanofluids with particle concentrations of 0.2, 0.4 and 0.6 vol.% are used as working fluid and then compared with the data for water-cooled heat sink. Heat sink made from aluminum material with dimension around 28 x 33 x 25 mm (width x length x thickness). The heat transfer area and hydraulic diameter of the each flow channel is designed at 1,565 mm2 and 1.2 mm respectively. Uniform heat flux at the bottom of heat sink is achieved using an electric heater. The experimental data illustrate that the thermal performance of heat sink using nanofluids as coolant is average 14% higher than that of the water-cooled heat sink. For pressure drop, the data show that the pressure drop of nanofluids is a few percent larger than that of the water-cooled heat sink.
Tilted Microlens Fabrication Using Nano-Magnetic Particles
Authors: Hung Shih Yu , Hung Yu Ting , Shen Ming Ho
Published: May 2015

Double-layer heterogeneous photoresist method will be used firstly to obtain the round photoresist column with two layers of different photoresists. Since both photoresists are the positive-type, the exposure is only required once. During the thermal reflow processing, the upper photoresist layer (AZ-4620 and nanomagnetic powder mixture) reaches the glass transition temperature, which is transformed from a glassy state into a rubbery state. Since the glass transition temperature of the lower photoresist layer (AZ-5214E) is higher than the temperature of thermal reflow, the lower photoresist layer is still able to maintain its solid state. The lower layer creates a round base during the thermal reflow process, and then subjected to an appropriate magnetic field. The base can not only restrict the bottom shape of the liquid photoresist to a round shape but also prevent the sliding of liquid photoresist during the thermal reflow process, so the tilted microlens array can be obtained. We can vary the strength of magnetic field to control the oblique angle of the tilted microlens.
Improvement and Control of Cement Slurry Formulation Resistant to the Critical Conditions HPHT
Authors: Bechar Soumia , Zerrouki Djamal
Published: May 2015

The ambition of the world oil industry is currently directed toward the deepest traps of oil and gas, despite the very high temperatures. The objective of this study is to improve and control a conventional formulation of cement slurry that meets the critical conditions during the cementing of 7" liner on high pressure/high temperature (HPHT) gas well at 5570m depth, located at Hassi Berkine in the southern Algeria. Under the influence of high temperature, the characteristics of the cement slurry changed. We carried out several tests on various samples in order to revise the design by using equivalent substitutions of the additives to obtain a better profile. The use of a new, very powerful, synthetic retarder (SR-31L) instead of liquid, modified sodium lignosulfonate (R-15 L) led us to obtain a significant thickening time but decreased the rheological properties as well as fluid loss and free water. We also provided a gas block by introducing latex-styrene-butadiene with a specific stabilizer (LS-1) in combination with a compatible bonding agent (amorphous silica) in aqueous suspension (BA-58L). The study determined one of the best cement slurry designs practicable on different down-hole applications in HPHT wells.
Fly Ash/Blast Furnace Slag Geopolymer Repair System as a Sustainable Solution for the Maintenance of an Existing Bridge: Materials Design and Influence on Shear Capacity under Seismic Conditions
Authors: Nestovito Gianluca , Messina Francesco
Published: May 2015

This study deals with the paramount topic of sustainable and durable composite materials for repair of damaged existing bridge. Reinforced concrete is the most used composite system in structural design but, across several decades, it has shown some fragilities related to chemico-physical resistance. Durability improvement by means of innovative repair systems represent, therefore, a crucial economic parameter allowing a highly significant reduction of maintenance cost. A maintenance scenario is here simulated, considering a repair composite realized with a binary geopolymer binder, obtained by activating two industrial by-products, namely coal fly ash and blast furnace slag, in alkaline environment. Physico-mechanical characterization of geopolymer concrete is also performed, showing the suitability of this innovative repair system. In order to investigate the effectiveness of geopolymer, a 3D finite element model is developed in Sap2000 to represent the complex behavior of a full-scale Italian highway bridge. Numerical simulations are conducted by modeling the geopolymer concrete as a jacketing applied to the damaged piers. Results reveal that the designed repair system could increase shear capacity of bridge piers under seismic conditions, not neglecting the low cost of raw materials and the high durability of geopolymers.
Utilization of Geosynthetic Material Interfaces for Reduction of Cyclic Motion Induced Accelerations
Authors: Kalpakci Volkan
Published: May 2015

The geosynthetic materials are extensively used in a wide range of applications in civil engineering. In this study, a nonwoven high strength geotextile which is generally utilized as a reinforcing material for earth structures and a ultrahigh molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) geomembrane (generally used to seal the inner face of toxic liquid tanks against leakage) are used together beneath structures for seismic isolation purposes. The dynamic interface properties of the surface formed between these two materials have been tested on small scale models by shaking table tests. The results were impressive such that the accelerations transferred to the superstructure were significantly reduced. Also, it was observed that the materials used during the research had almost no abrasion at the end of a series of experiments which revealed that the tested materials could be used for repetitive dynamic loadings.
Geometrically Non-Linear Free Vibration of Fully Clamped FGM Skew Plates Using Homogenization Technique
Authors: Hanane Moulay Abdelali , El Bikri Khalid , Rhali Benamar
Published: May 2015

The present work concerns the geometrically non-linear free vibration of fully clamped functionally graded skew plates (FGSP). The theoretical model based on Hamilton’s principle and spectral analysis is used. A homogenization technique has been developed to reduce the FGSP problem under consideration to that of an isotropic homogeneous skew plate. The material properties of the skew plate examined herein are assumed to be graded in the thickness direction of the plate according to the power-law distribution in terms of volume fractions of the constituents. Results are given for the linear and non-linear fundamental frequency considering different parameters. The non-linear mode shapes exhibit a maximum value in the bending stress at the centre of the plate. It is found also that the non-linear frequencies increase with increasing the amplitude of vibration and increasing the skew angle, which corresponds to the hardening type effect. A good agreement is found with published results.
Adobe Bricks: The Best Eco-Friendly Building Material
Authors: Benghida Djamil
Published: May 2015

Durable, renewable, and affordable are the three characteristics of the adobe brick, one of the widely used construction material in human civilization, but is always neglected. Traditionally, price has been the foremost consideration when comparing similar materials or materials designated for the same function. That is why by the post-war period, the concrete was adopted as a universal building material in response of the massive housing demand. The intergovernmental concerns never took into consideration both the sustainability factor and the cultural one, not until the 1990s when research on climate change expanded and the sustainable development took an important place in the different academic cross fields: engineering, biology, technology and architecture. The main focus by then was the reduction the CO2 gas emissions emitted by the building sector which is now approximately 30% of the global energy-related. Researchers are focusing on creating a completely new green eco-material an alternative to the concrete, but in this paper, I will demonstrate why is it worth to reinvigorate centuries-old eco-construction material. Adobe bricks are currently the best choice to built affordable housings in response to the chronicle demand. Not only they have a track record that makes their thermal mass performance easier to evaluate, but also they can last 400 years or more when properly maintained. Comparatively, new technologies require testing over time to determine their long-range effectiveness.
Monte Carlo Simulation Model for Magnetron Sputtering Deposition
Authors: Hassan M.A. , Elfiky M.B. , Nukman Y. , Mahmoodian Reza
Published: May 2015

Thin Film layers of metal are often prepared by magnetron sputtering technique for electronic, optical and micro/nanoelectromechanical systems. Usually, experimental work is a common way to find out the optimum deposition conditions and correlate between the thin film properties and the deposition parameters. However, experimental methods are very exhaustive, time and cost-consuming. A good simulation model which can provide the optimum operating conditions to avoid exhaustive experiments and reduce time and cost is highly recommended. Therefore, the present paper is focusing on the development of a computer simulation model of the deposition process in the magnetron sputtering system since such type of models is not well established yet. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation model has been developed to study the effects of deposition parameters on the deposition rate and thin film thickness uniformity. Titanium (Ti) samples were used as the target whereas argon (Ar) was the ambient inert gas. MC simulation has successfully predicted the optimum deposition rate and thickness of Ti thin films on the plastic substrate. The model also depicted the performance of magnetron deposition due to change of processing parameters. Comparison between the simulation and experimental results proved the validity of the proposed model.
Energy Loss Analysis and Magnetic Properties of Non-Oriented Electrical Steel Cut through Different Technologies
Authors: Manescu Paltanea Veronica , Păltânea Veronika , Gavrila Horia
Published: May 2015

Non-oriented silicon iron (NO Fe-Si) alloys are soft magnetic materials used in the construction of medium and high power rotating machines. To obtain efficiency higher than 95%, it is necessary to promote a new design of their magnetic circuits and/or alternative cutting technologies. There were tested steel samples of fully processed non-oriented silicon iron (NO FeSi) grades, M400-65A and M800-65A, with an area of 300 × 30 mm2. The magnetic properties were measured with a single strip tester in the range of frequency from 10 ÷ 200 Hz at 1 T peak magnetic polarization. The sheet cutting technologies, involved in this study, are mechanical, laser, water-jetting and electro-erosion.
Structure of Nanocrystalline Nickel Prepared by Powder Metallurgy
Authors: Michalcová Alena , Svobodová Petra , Marek Ivo , Vojtěch Dalibor , Kubatík Tomáš František
Published: May 2015

Nanocrystaline nickel was prepared by selective leaching technology. Consequently, the powder was compacted by spark plasma sintering method. This process is suitable due to its high heating rates, which leads to relatively low thermal exposition of compacted material. The dependence of structure of compacted material on preparation conditions is described in this paper.
Corrosion Resistance of Inconel 625 and Austenitic Steel M41 after Laser Claddings
Authors: Němeček Stanislav , Fiedler Lukáš , Fišerová Pavla
Published: May 2015

The present paper explores the impact of laser cladding parameters on the corrosion behavior of the resulting surface. Powders of Inconel 625 and austenitic Metco 41C steel were deposited on steel substrate. It was confirmed that the level of dilution has profound impact on the corrosion resistance and that dilution has to be minimized. However, the chemical composition of the cladding is altered even in the course of the cladding process, a fact which is related to the increase in the substrate temperature. The cladding process was optimized to achieve maximum corrosion resistance. The results were verified and validated using microscopic observation, chemical analysis and corrosion testing.
Microstructure of Cr2N-11Ag Nanocomposite Thin Film Deposited on Vanadis 6 Tool Steel
Authors: Bilek Pavel , Jurci Peter , Caplovic Lubomir , Hudakova Maria , Ptacinova Jana
Published: May 2015

Cr2N-Ag nanocomposite thin films, containing 11 wt.% Ag solid lubricant, were deposited on substrates made of Cr-V ledeburitic tool steel Vanadis 6 by reactive magnetron sputtering at a deposition temperature of 500 °C, using pure Cr and Ag targets, in a composite low pressure Ar/N2atmosphere. The films are composed of Cr2N-matrix and Ag particles. The films have an average thickness of 4.7 μm. They grew in a columnar manner, but, individual silver agglomerates were visible along the columnar crystals, also. The average size of silver agglomerates lies well below 50 nm. Annealing of the films at temperatures below the deposition temperature do not changed composition of films, but induce higher precipitation of silver particles on the surface of films at the temperatures 300 and 400°C. On the other hand, film annealed at 500°C manifested more remarkable Ag-redistribution, being represented by the decrease in population density of Ag-particles on the surface. The key parameter for transport Ag lubricants from Cr2N matrix to the surface is the working temperature. Cr2N-Ag films could be used for specific tribological applications through proper investigation of the working temperature and conditions.
Heterogeneous Welded Joints (T23-T92; 15CH1M1F-P91)
Authors: Ducháček Petr , Janovec Jiří
Published: May 2015

The use of new construction materials is increasingly on demand for the construction of new power plants, and for the modernization of existing plants that are at the end of their service life span. Steels such as type P/T92 (modified martensitic 9-12% Cr), and low-alloy steels derived from modified steel 2.5Cr1Mo (ASTM marked P/T23) are considered promising alternatives. In the construction of power units, the so-called heterogeneous joints, which most often consist of a combination of low-alloyed materials and highly-alloyed ones, preferably need to be avoided. These welded joints are often the weak links in the overall construction. Knowledge of the behaviour of creep-resistant steel welded joints is very important for the subsequent evaluation of the life span of the units. This study deals with the degradation of heterogeneous welded joints of steel T23 - T92 and 15CH1M1F - P91, using the commercially available welding materials Thermanit MTS 616 (highly-alloyed), Union I P23; ThermanitP23, Böhler P23-IG and Thermanit (FOX) P23 (low-alloyed). In the heterogeneous welds examined, slight loss of strength of the base material was observed during isothermal heat exposure and extension of the diffusion active zones (i.e., Carbon Depleted Zone (CDZ) and Carbon Enriched Zone (CEZ)). These degradation processes caused structural instability of heterogeneous welds. It was found that the use of low-alloyed welding materials showed superior structural stability than highly-alloyed welds. Additional laboratory analyses are warranted due to the extreme service conditions and the high temperature loads in power units.
Material Degradation of Steam Pipe Elbow after Long-Term Exposure
Authors: Pekařová Lenla , Kuboň Zdeněk
Published: May 2015

Routine non-destructive examination of the steam pipe elbow after more than 240 000 hours of operation at elevated temperature revealed the extensive creep damage on the outer surface of the pipe elbow. Complex metallographic analysis made in this area confirmed creep damage as well as the non-uniform nature of the cavitation. The density of cavities continuously decreased from the outer pipe surface towards the inner surface, but also its density rapidly waned beyond the damaged area in both directions, along the circumference as well as the length of the elbow. The actual extent of the material degradation was then evaluated by testing of mechanical properties, Charpy-V and fracture toughness testing and the results were used in calculation of the residual life of the pipe elbow. It was shown that although the creep damage was perhaps one of the worst detected in Czech Republic, the cracks in the pipe elbow would spread by the stable growth until the half of the pipe wall thickness. This result thus confirms the possibility of creep life extension far beyond the limit criteria used so far.
Metallographic Evaluation of Surface Integrity
Authors: Kříž Antonín
Published: May 2015

Today, the study of surface integrity became a growing and multidisciplinary branch of science. Its purpose is to gain such understanding of the surface which can be exploited in real-world applications and in commercial services. The importance of the surface was and continues to be the topic of a number of highly specialized papers. However, the surface has not been yet evaluated in terms of multiple factors in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of its condition and to reveal the interrelationship between the manufacture of the surface and its resulting properties. The paper gives a description of effects of special cutting tools on the structure of the sub-surface region. These structural changes will be explored by means of metallographic observation, hardness measurement and evaluation of residual stresses.
Analysis of Coupling Segment of Belt Conveyor
Authors: Klakurková Lenka , Čelko Ladislav , Juliš Martin , Jech David , Švejcar Jiří
Published: May 2015

The paper focuses on the metallographic analysis of damaged belt-conveyor coupling segments made of high-alloy austenitic steel. The object in question is a weldment – a bar with a ring welded on it at either end. The subject of the analysis is the evaluation of the microstructure of the base material of the two components (weldment and weld metal), the quality of the execution of the weld joints, subsequent heat treatment of the weldment, and the overall state of the component part after operational loading. The suitability of the design solution of the whole weldment is also discussed. The problematic is solved with the aid of a metallographic analysis of the microstructure of the material, using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy inclusive of the EDS microanalysis of chemical composition, and microhardness measurement.
Failure Analysis of a 20 MW Turbine Rotor
Authors: Kasl Josef
Published: May 2015

This contribution deals with the analysis of causes of a breakdown of a turbine rotor where stage 13 completely broke off. Microstructure and fractographic analyses showed that a dominant cause of the breakdown was stress corrosion cracking caused by impurities in the steam.
Corrosion Resistance of Casings for Metal Detectors in Food Industry Made of Cr-Ni Stainless Steel
Authors: Martínek Petr , Míšková Jana , Podaný Pavel
Published: May 2015

The paper discusses the problem of recurrent corrosion of casing of metal detectors used in food industry. The detector casing is fabricated by welding sheets of X5CrNi18-10 stainless steel. The detectors in service suffered non-uniform spot corrosion. The likely cause of the corrosion attack was the accumulated contamination of the detector surface with cleaning and disinfecting agents containing chlorine. The sheet surfaces of the original detectors were shot-blasted. After the sheet finishing process was changed to grinding and minor design changes were made, the corrosion resistance of the detector casing improved. The enhanced corrosion resistance of the detectors with ground surfaces was confirmed by salt spray tests. The use of the modified detectors then led to a lower number of complaints about the devices.
Effect of Sample Thickness on Slab Surface Zone Toughness in IF and Microalloyed Steels
Authors: Longauerová Margita , Fedorová Mária , Bekeč Pavel , Duška Jaroslav , Hurakova Maria , Longauer Svätoboj , Konrádyová Jana
Published: May 2015

The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of sample thickness on toughness of the slab surface zone at ambient temperature in IF and microalloy steels. Transitional slabs with different pulling rates at the start and the end of the slab were used as well as slabs with standard pulling rates. Samples of standard size 10x10x55 mm and also non-standard size 5x10x55 mm were used for Charpy impact testing. It was confirmed that higher toughness values were found in thin non-standard size samples (5x10x55 mm), or more precisely for a larger portion of non-standard samples with toughness values higher than 50 J.cm-2. Using non-standard size samples confirmed the distinct stability of toughness values, as well as their smaller spread between minimum and maximum values. The transitional slabs had very distinct and non-uniform spread of toughness values across the slab width. This suggests greatly deteriorated quality of these slabs. During stable casting of TiNb microalloyed steel at the standard conventional higher slab pulling rate, uniform toughness was confirmed across the whole slab width in both sample types.
Materialographic Analysis of MAR M-247 Superalloy
Authors: Jonšta Petr , Vlčková Irena , Jonšta Zdenĕk , Podhorná Božena
Published: May 2015

This paper presents the results of structural phase analysis of MAR-M247 superalloy. Analysis was performed at initial and in as casted state after various type of solution annealing in the range 900 °C to 1240 °C with cooling in water. Presented polycrystalline alloy is heat resisting nickel superalloy, especially usable for highly strained components in the industry producing stationary gas turbines and aircraft engines. Analysis was performed using of a Quanta FEG 450 scanning electron microscope with micro-analytic system Trident APEX-4 which have identified presented minor phase. Attention was also paid to its eventual changes after different type of solution annealing.
The Influence of Ge on the Properties of Mg Alloys
Authors: Šerák Jan , Kovalčík Tomáš , Vojtěch Dalibor , Novák Pavel
Published: May 2015

Germanium is an element which is used in metallurgy in a very small extent. Much more significant is its use as a semiconductor material. Most of magnesium alloys are usually used for applications at ambient temperature. The significant decrease in mechanical properties is observed already at the temperature higher than 150°C. This is the reason for the effort to prepare a new low-priced magnesium based alloys with improved mechanical properties at elevated temperatures, e.g. for components of combustion engines. Therefore, new unconventional alloying elements are studied for increase the thermal stability of magnesium alloys. The effect of germanium on the microstructure and mechanical properties of Mg-Ge alloys at ambient and elevated temperatures was studied in this paper.
Genetic Variability Study Among Ten Cultivars of Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata L. Walp) Using Morpho-agronomic Traits and Nutritional Composition
Authors: Animasaun D.A. , Oyedeji S. , Mustapha O.T. , Azeez M.A.
Published: May 2015

Ten cultivars of cowpea grown in the screen house facility at Botanical garden, University of Ilorin, Nigeria were evaluated for genetic similarity and variability. Data were collected on vegetative, fruiting and seed characters. Proximate analysis was conducted to determine variation in nutrient composition of the seeds at harvest. The results showed considerable variations in growth and yield characters evaluated. Cultivars NGB/06/047, IFE BROWN 2012 and IT98K-133-1-1 had optimal growth performance with respect to fruiting and seed yield parameters. Proximate results indicated that crude protein varied from 23.42-26.78%. Ash content ranged between 3.60-4.21%, crude fibre varied from 2.10-2.98%, and carbohydrates 56.10-59.59%. Principal components analysis revealed that first principal components (majorly fruiting and seed characters) accounted for 26.63% observed variation, followed by the second component (23.05%) which are mainly vegetative parameters while third (13.82%) consisting of nutritional variations. The cultivars were divided into two broad genetic groups (A&B). Group A consist of two clusters which members showed low performance in terms of economic traits and group B comprised two clusters of superior cultivars for most of the traits studied. Variability as expressed in the studied cultivars could be useful for understanding genetic diversity of selection of cultivars with novelty in vegetative growth, yield and nutrition composition in the process of breeding programme and crop production.The Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol. 10, No. 2, May 2015. Pp 119 - 130
American cutaneous leishmaniasis cases in the metropolitan region of Manaus, Brazil: association with climate variables over time
Authors: Ferreira de Souza Rodrigo Augusto , Andreoli Rita Valéria , Toshie Kayano Mary , Lima Carvalho Afrânio
Published: May 2015

A temporal series of the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and other environmental parameters covering the years 2002- 2009 was used for the study of the potential association between the climate and the number of cases of American cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in Manaus Metropolitan Region (MMR), State of Amazonas, Brazil. The results show that CL has a marked seasonality and a strong linkage with local climate conditions. Dry and warm conditions favor the vector, while the maximum number of CL cases occurs during the following wet season. This has a clear relation to the El Niño/La Niña Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the results presented here show that uncharacteristic dry conditions in the MMR follow El Niño after a lag period of 3 months, while wet conditions follow La Niña, again after a lag period of 3 months. El Niño brings dry conditions with warming of the land surface leading to increased growth of trees and bushes as indicated by rising NDVI values, eventually producing increased numbers of CL cases, with a peak of new cases occurring 4 to 5 months later. La Niña, on the other hand, produces wet and cool weather, which is less favorable for the leishmaniasis vector and therefore results in comparatively lower number of CL cases. Since these seasonal climate changes affect the dynamics of the CL vector, and thus the number of CL cases, a close watch of the ENSO phenomenon and the weather type it brings should be useful for monitoring and control of CL in the MMR.
DOES INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1) DEFICIENCY HAVE A “PROTECTIVE” ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS?
Authors: De Sanctis Vincenzo
Published: May 2015

Objective: This cross-sectional study was designed to give insights into relationship between Insulin-Growth-Factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a sample of  thalassaemia major(TM) patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Τhis relation was not previously evaluated, despite the fact that both diseases co-exist  in the same patient. The  study   also  describes the clinical and biochemical profile of the associated complications in TM patients with and without IDDM.   Design: A population-based cross-sectional study.  Participants:The study  includes 19 consecutive TM patients with IDDM and 31 age- and sex-matched TM patients without  IDDM who visited our out-patient clinics for an endocrine assessment Methods: An extensive medical history, with data on associated complications and current medications, was obtained. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fast to measure the serum concentrations of IGF-1, glucose, fructosamine , free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and biochemical analysis . Serologic screening assays for hepatitis C virus seropositivity (HCVab and HCV-RNA) were also evaluated,  applying routine laboratory methods.Plasma total IGF-1 was measured by a chemiluminescent immunometric assay (CLIA) method. Ophthalmology evaluation was done by the same researcher using stereoscopic fundus biomicroscopy through dilated pupils. DR was graded using the scale developed by the Global Diabetic Retinopathy Group. Iron stores were assessed by direct and indirect methods. Results:Eighteen TM patients with IDDM (94.7 %) and 10 non-diabetic patients (32.2 %) had IGF-1 levels below the 2.5th percentile of the normal values for the Italian population. The mean serum IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower in the diabetic versus the non-diabetic TM groups (p < 0.001). DR was present in in 4 (21 %) of 19 TM patients with IDDM and was associated with the main classical risk factors, namely inefficient glycemic control  and duration of disease but not  hypertension. Using the scale developed by the Global Diabetic Retinopathy Group, the DR in our patients was classified as non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Only few numbers of microaneurysms [1-3] were detected. Our data also confirm the strong association of IDDM in TM patients with other endocrine and non-endocrine complications.Conclusions: These results , although on a small number of patients, suggest a possible ‘protective’ role of low IGF-1 in the development of DR in TM patients
Subacute granulomatous (De Quervain's) thyroiditis: Fine-needle aspiration cytology and ultrasonographic characteristics of 21 cases
Authors: Vural Çigdem , Paksoy Nadir , Gök Nazlı D , Yazal Kadri
Published: May 2015

Background:

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SGT) is an inflammatory disease that presents with different clinical and cytological characteristics. Although the diagnosis is generally made clinically, imaging methods and fine-needle aspiration (FNA) may provide assistance, particularly in atypical cases. The objective of this study is to reveal the ultrasonographic (USG) and cytological characteristics of SGT.

Materials and Methods:

The clinical, USG and cytological findings of 21 cases diagnosed with SGT were reviewed.

Results:

Ultrasonographic data was available in 20 cases. A hypoechoic thyroid nodule with irregular margins was detected in 12 of the 20 total cases. Of these, 9 cases complained about pain in the thyroid lodge and generally had unilateral lesions, heterogeneous and hypoechoic areas with indistinct margins, rather than nodular lesions, which were seen in 7 cases. Cytologically, the multinuclear giant cells (MNGCs) found in all cases were accompanied by a dirty background containing varying numbers of granulomatous structures, including isolated epithelioid histiocytes, proliferated/regenerated follicle epithelium cells and inflammatory cells and colloid.

Conclusion:

Though hypoechoic and heterogeneous areas with irregular margins are strongly associated with thyroiditis, SGT may also appear as painful or painless hypoechoic, solid nodules and generate challenges in differential diagnosis. Although the most remarkable characteristic observed in FNA cytology was the presence of multiple MNGCs with cytoplasm, a dirty background accompanied by mild-moderate cellularity, degenerated-proliferated follicular epithelium cells, rare epithelioid granulomas and mixed type inflammatory cells are characteristic for SGT. The assessment of these radiological and cytological findings in conjunction with clinical findings will assist in the achievement of an accurate diagnosis.
Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors (GIST): A Prospective Analysis and an Update on Biomarkers and Current Treatment Concepts
Authors: Koumarianou Anna , Economopoulou Panagiota , Katsaounis Panagiotis , Laschos Konstantinos , Arapantoni-Dadioti Petroula , Martikos George , Rogdakis Athanasios , Tzanakis Nikolaos , Boukovinas loannis
Published: May 2015

Gastrointestinal Stromal tumors (GIST) are the most common sarcomas of the gastrointestinal tract, with transformation typically driven by activating mutations of cKIT and less commonly platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRA). Successful targeting of tyrosine-protein kinase Kit with imatinib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor, has had a major impact in the survival of patients with GIST in both the adjuvant and metastatic setting. A recent modification of treatment guidelines for patients with localized, high-risk GIST extended the adjuvant treatment duration from 1 year to 3 years. In this paper, we review the clinical data of patients with GIST treated in the Oncology Outpatient Unit of “Attikon” University Hospital and aim to assess which patients are eligible for prolongation of adjuvant imatinib therapy as currently suggested by treatment recommendations.
Stable Fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), Dispersal and Governing Factors
Authors: Showler Allan T. , Osbrink Weste L.A.
Published: May 2015

Although the movement of stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans (L.), has been studied, its extent and significance has been uncertain. On a local scale (<13 km), fly movement occurs between host animals and resting sites to feed and mate, mainly at on-farm locations where herbivorous livestock regularly congregate. Small numbers emigrate from livestock congregation sites in search of other hosts and oviposition substrate, mostly within <1.6 km. Such local movement occurs by flight ∼90 cm above ground, or with moving livestock. While stable flies are active year-round in warm latitudes, cold winters in temperate areas result in substantial population and activity declines, limiting movement of any sort to warmer seasons. Long-distance dispersal (>13 km) is mainly wind-driven by weather fronts that carry stable flies from inland farm areas for up to 225 km to beaches of northwestern Florida and Lake Superior. Stable flies can reproduce for a short time each year in washed-up sea grass, but the beaches are not conducive to establishment. Such movement is passive and does not appear to be advantageous to stable fly's survival. On a regional scale, stable flies exhibit little genetic differentiation, and on the global scale, while there might be more than one “lineage”, the species is nevertheless considered to be panmictic. Population expansion across much of the globe likely occurred from the late Pleistocene to the early Holocene in association with the spread of domesticated nomad livestock and particularly with more sedentary, penned livestock.
The arithmeticity of a Kodaira fibration is determined by its universal cover
Authors: González-Diez Gabino , Reyes-Carocca Sebastián
Published: May 2015

Let

S \to C

be a Kodaira fibration. Here we show that whether or not the algebraic surface

S

is defined over a number field depends only on the biholomorphic class of its universal cover.
Tourism perspectives and Local communities’ development within two different countries
Authors: Veljković Božidar , Markovic Jelica Jovica , Djeri Lukrecija
Published: May 2015

Paper discusses local municipality touristic development and tourism strategies analysing achievements of national touristic objectives regarding foreign and domestic tourists in two groups of selected municipalities within two different countries. First group includes three municipalities from Slovenia and the second group includes three comparable municipalities from Serbia. Throughout our analysis we carefully considered countries basic documents Slovenian and Serbian tourism development strategy. After analysing statistical data, we conclude, that it is of great signicifance for each municipality the direction of tourism industry development, investments into modern tourist capacities as well as professional marketing, as is the case with municipality ob Brežice.
Influence of Standard Load Micro- and Nanopatterned in Surface Roughness of bleached Teeth and submitted to Different Surface Treatments
Authors: Tonetto Mateus Rodrigues , Silva Mônica Barros , Elossais André Afif , Bandeca Matheus Coelho , Bhandi Shilpa H , Nacanichi Renata do Amaral , Andrade Marcelo Ferrarezi , Segalla José Cláudio Martins , Pedro Fábio Luiz Miranda
Published: May 2015

The aim of this study was evaluate the dental enamel after whitening treatment with Opalescence Boost PF™ 38%, correlating the structural alterations in the surface of the enamel with its respective pH and verify if whitened teeth submitted to different finishing and polishing techniques show similar surface texture to healthy teeth (control group). Sixty premolars were divided in 6 groups (n = 10), which had been immersed in artificial saliva during all the experiment. Protocol whitening was performed according to the manufacturer recommendations, and then the specimens were submitted to different polishing technique with Sof-Lex Pop On™ disks, Flex Diamond™ felt disks using two different micrometric polishing pastes (Enamelize™ and Diamond Polish™) and two nanometric polishing pastes (Lummina-E Diamond and Lummina-E Alumina), according to the groups. Representative specimens were analyzed in scanning electronic microscopy (SEM). Whitening gel used in this experiment had modified the morphologic aspect of the enamel surface. It was found that two nanometric polishing pastes (G5 and G6) promoted a less rough surface compared to control group even after the whitening process.

How to cite this article

do Amaral Nacanichi R, Tonetto MR, Bandéca MC, Andrade MF, Segalla JCM, Silva MB, Bhandi SH, Pedro FLM, Elossais AA. Influence of Standard Load Microand Nanopatterned in Surface Roughness of bleached Teeth and submitted to Different Surface Treatments. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):167-171.
Evaluation of the Effect of using Electrosurgery in Pulpectomy of Deciduous Teeth on Succedaneous Teeth: An Animal Study
Authors: Jafarzadeh Hamid , Sahebalam Rasoul , Sarraf Alireza , Abdollahi Mojtaba , Rajati Hamidreza
Published: May 2015

Objectives

The aim of this study was to determine the probable side effects of electrosurgery in pulpectomy of deciduous teeth on succedaneous teeth in dogs.

Materials and methods

In this animal study, all maxillary and mandibular teeth at one side of five puppies’ mouths were treated employing electrosurgical pulpectomy and were then compared with those of the other side treated using the conventional method. The electrosurgical dental electrode was placed in canals to the point of working length for the experimental group. After pulpectomy, the canals were filled with zinc oxide eugenol paste and the access cavity was restored with amalgam. The dogs remained under care until their successor teeth erupted and clinical examination was performed.

Results

The teeth treated employing electrosurgical pulpectomy presented natural appearance with no observable defects including enamel hypoplasia, diffuse opacities of enamel, demarcated opacities, and enamel discoloration.

Conclusion

Electrosurgical pulpectomy can be considered as an option for pulpectomy of deciduous teeth.

How to cite this article

Sahebalam R, Sarraf A, Abdollahi M, Jafarzadeh H, Rajati H, Patil SG. Evaluation of the Effect of using Electrosurgery in Pulpectomy of Deciduous Teeth on Succedaneous Teeth: An Animal Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(3):183-186.