bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacts of the July 2012 Siberian fire plume on air quality in the Pacific Northwest
Authors: Teakles Andrew D. , So Rita , Ainslie Bruce , Nissen Robert , Schiller Corinne , Vingarzan Roxanne , McKendry Ian , Macdonald Anne Marie , Jaffe Daniel A. , Bertram Allan K. , Strawbridge Kevin B. , Leaitch W. Richard , Hanna Sarah , Toom Desiree , Baik Jonathan , Huang Lin
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Biomass burning emissions emit a significant amount of trace gases and aerosols and can affect atmospheric chemistry and radiative forcing for hundreds or thousands of kilometres downwind. They can also contribute to exceedances of air quality standards and have negative impacts on human health. We present a case study of an intense wildfire plume from Siberia that affected the air quality across the Pacific Northwest on 6–10 July 2012. Using satellite measurements (MODIS True Colour RGB imagery and MODIS AOD), we track the wildfire smoke plume from its origin in Siberia to the Pacific Northwest where subsidence ahead of a subtropical Pacific High made the plume settle over the region. The normalized enhancement ratios of O3 and PM1 relative to CO of 0.26 and 0.08 are consistent with a plume aged 6–10 days. The aerosol mass in the plume was mainly submicron in diameter (PM1 ∕ PM2.5 = 0.96) and the part of the plume sampled at the Whistler High Elevation Monitoring Site (2182 m a.s.l.) was 88 % organic material. Stable atmospheric conditions along the coast limited the initial entrainment of the plume and caused local anthropogenic emissions to build up. A synthesis of air quality from the regional surface monitoring networks describes changes in ambient O3 and PM2.5 during the event and contrasts them to baseline air quality estimates from the AURAMS chemical transport model without wildfire emissions. Overall, the smoke plume contributed significantly to the exceedances in O3 and PM2.5 air quality standards and objectives that occurred at several communities in the region during the event. Peak enhancements in 8 h O3 of 34–44 ppbv and 24 h PM2.5 of 10–32 µg m−3 were attributed to the effects of the smoke plume across the Interior of British Columbia and at the Whistler Peak High Elevation Site. Lesser enhancements of 10–12 ppbv for 8 h O3 and of 4–9 µg m−3 for 24 h PM2.5 occurred across coastal British Columbia and Washington State. The findings suggest that the large air quality impacts seen during this event were a combination of the efficient transport of the plume across the Pacific, favourable entrainment conditions across the BC interior, and the large scale of the Siberian wildfire emissions. A warming climate increases the risk of increased wildfire activity and events of this scale reoccurring under appropriate meteorological conditions.
Seasonal effects of irrigation on land–atmosphere latent heat, sensible heat, and carbon fluxes in semiarid basin
Authors: Zeng Yujin , Xie Zhenghui , Liu Shuang
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Irrigation, which constitutes ∼ 70 % of the total amount of freshwater consumed by the human population, is significantly impacting land–atmosphere fluxes. In this study, using the improved Community Land Model version 4.5 (CLM4.5) with an active crop model, two high-resolution (∼ 1 km) simulations investigating the effects of irrigation on latent heat (LH), sensible heat (SH), and carbon fluxes (or net ecosystem exchange, NEE) from land to atmosphere in the Heihe River basin in northwestern China were conducted using a high-quality irrigation dataset compiled from 1981 to 2013. The model output and measurements from remote sensing demonstrated the capacity of the developed models to reproduce ecological and hydrological processes. The results revealed that the effects of irrigation on LH and SH are strongest during summer, with a LH increase of ∼ 100 W m−2 and a SH decrease of  ∼ 60 W m−2 over intensely irrigated areas. However, the reactions are much weaker during spring and autumn when there is much less irrigation. When the irrigation rate is below 5 mm day−1, the LH generally increases, whereas the SH decreases with growing irrigation rates. However, when the irrigation threshold is in excess of 5 mm day−1, there is no accrued effect of irrigation on the LH and SH. Irrigation produces opposite effects to the NEE during spring and summer. During the spring, irrigation yields more discharged carbon from the land to the atmosphere, increasing the NEE value by 0.4–0.8 gC m−2 day−1, while the summer irrigation favors crop fixing of carbon from atmospheric CO2, decreasing the NEE value by ∼ 0.8 gC m−2 day−1. The repercussions of irrigation on land–atmosphere fluxes are not solely linked to the irrigation amount, and other parameters (especially the temperature) also control the effects of irrigation on LH, SH, and NEE.
The interactions between soil–biosphere–atmosphere land surface model with a multi-energy balance (ISBA-MEB) option in SURFEXv8 – Part 1: Model description
Authors: Boone Aaron , Samuelsson Patrick , Gollvik Stefan , Napoly Adrien , Jarlan Lionel , Brun Eric , Decharme Bertrand
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Land surface models (LSMs) are pushing towards improved realism owing to an increasing number of observations at the local scale, constantly improving satellite data sets and the associated methodologies to best exploit such data, improved computing resources, and in response to the user community. As a part of the trend in LSM development, there have been ongoing efforts to improve the representation of the land surface processes in the interactions between the soil–biosphere–atmosphere (ISBA) LSM within the EXternalized SURFace (SURFEX) model platform. The force–restore approach in ISBA has been replaced in recent years by multi-layer explicit physically based options for sub-surface heat transfer, soil hydrological processes, and the composite snowpack. The representation of vegetation processes in SURFEX has also become much more sophisticated in recent years, including photosynthesis and respiration and biochemical processes. It became clear that the conceptual limits of the composite soil–vegetation scheme within ISBA had been reached and there was a need to explicitly separate the canopy vegetation from the soil surface. In response to this issue, a collaboration began in 2008 between the high-resolution limited area model (HIRLAM) consortium and Météo-France with the intention to develop an explicit representation of the vegetation in ISBA under the SURFEX platform. A new parameterization has been developed called the ISBA multi-energy balance (MEB) in order to address these issues. ISBA-MEB consists in a fully implicit numerical coupling between a multi-layer physically based snowpack model, a variable-layer soil scheme, an explicit litter layer, a bulk vegetation scheme, and the atmosphere. It also includes a feature that permits a coupling transition of the snowpack from the canopy air to the free atmosphere. It shares many of the routines and physics parameterizations with the standard version of ISBA. This paper is the first of two parts; in part one, the ISBA-MEB model equations, numerical schemes, and theoretical background are presented. In part two (Napoly et al., 2016), which is a separate companion paper, a local scale evaluation of the new scheme is presented along with a detailed description of the new forest litter scheme.
Epidemiological and Serological Study of Leishmaniasis in Najran Region, Saudi Arabia
Authors: I. Khalil Mokhtar , M. Bahnass Mosa , Abdallah M. I. M
Published: February 2017

Leishmaniasis is a public health and veterinary hazard. Screening of serum samples of 384 human and 387 domestic animals were carried out by indirect hemagglutination assay (IHAT) to detect antibodies against L. donovani and to see the involvement of animal reservoirs in Najran region, Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of human Leishmaniasis infection in Najran area, Saudi Arabia was 8.3%. The prevalence rate of human Leishmaniasis was significantly higher in summer (21.9 %) and spring (8.3%) than in winter and autumn. In addition, the prevalence rate of human Leishmaniasis was significantly higher in old age (17.6%) and young period (7.3%). Out of 53 females and 331 males, 3 (5.7%) females and 29 (8.8%) males were found to be infected with human Leishmaniasis, respectively. The highest titer in human was 1/256 with percentage of 43.8%. Antibody against L. donovani in domestic animals was detected and the overall proportion of occurrence was 1.6%. The prevalence rate of Leishmaniasis infection was significantly higher in goats than in sheep, camel and horses. The highest titer (1/512) was in goats. The study was thrown light on infected African and Asian workers as source of Leishmaniasis infection. Also, this study suggests the possibility of varied species of domestic animals to harbor the parasite and hence play a central role in the transmission. Consequently, this may hurdle our clarification of disease epidemiology.
Exploring nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about children who are overweight/obese: A review of the literature
Authors: Tsai Tuan-I , Luck Lauretta , Jefferies Diana , Wilkes Lesley
Published: February 2017

The study reviewed the published research on nurses’ knowledge and attitudes about children who are overweight/obese. A literature search of research published in English between 2000 and 2016 was conducted in CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus and Google Scholar. A total of 5 papers met the inclusion criteria for this review with only one paper specifically discussing the attitudes of student nurses to childhood overweight/obesity. This review has shown that although there are very few articles on nurses’ knowledge and attitudes to overweight/obese children, the papers included in the review demonstrate that nurses were generally lacking in knowledge about this issue.
Strategic Planning in Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs): A Case Study of Botswana SMEs
Authors: Majama Nomsa Sisi , Magang Tebogo Israel ‘Teddy’
Published: February 2017

Although small and medium enterprises contribute immensely to the economy of a country, they are characterised by low performance and high failure rate which is often blamed on lack of resources such as funds, land and skilled labour. Many business management specialists argue that even on the availability of such resources, some SMEs still fail due to lack of strategic planning. Extent literature indicates that formal strategic planning improves business performance as it involves deriving a game plan that enables SMEs to anticipate and respond to the turbulent market by arranging their resources and capabilities accordingly. As such, this research investigates the status of strategic planning by SMEs in Botswana. The study also investigates the perceived value of Strategic Planning by SME owner managers, and the extent of planning as well as identifying the barriers that prevent effective strategic planning. Using semi-structured interviews of 36 Small and Medium firms selected across several sectors, the study finds that strategic planning efforts do exist within SMEs but most of these firms engage in strategic planning activities to a limited extent. The study also finds several barriers, which contribute to lack of strategic planning. For instance, the study finds that most SME owner/managers have limited knowledge in the area of strategic planning. Some indicated that they do not plan because of the size of the business. Whereas some admitted that they still possess the traditional based thinking where most business decisions are based on intuition. The findings of this study have implications for policy decision makers and SME owner managers.
Effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress, anxiety, and depression after hysterectomy
Authors: Essa Rasha Mohamed , Ismail Nemat Ismail Abdel Aziz , Hassan Nagia Ibrahim
Published: February 2017

Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) is one the systematic techniques that could be utilized to obtain a deep state of relaxation. It is an important component of nursing care for gynecological postoperative patients. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of progressive muscle relaxation technique on stress, anxiety and depression after hysterectomy. A quasi experimental research design with a pretest-posttest control group was utilized. The study was conducted at the gynecological ward of National Medical Institution in Damanhour, Albehera Governorate. Collection of data consumed six months from starting of December 2014 until the end of May 2015. It comprised a purposive sample of 80 women who were undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. They were divided into two equal groups (study group and control group). Two tools were utilized to gather the necessary data; a socio-demographic structured interview schedule, and the Depression, anxiety and stress scale (DASS-21). Study results revealed that stress, anxiety and depression were statistically significantly decreased among the study group after the intervention (p = .000). The study concluded that the women who received progressive muscle relaxation technique after hysterectomy demonstrated lower stress, anxiety and depression levels than those who received only the routine nursing care. It is recommended that maternity and gynecological nursing should encourage the utilization of the progressive muscle relaxation technique to patients undergoing hysterectomy to minimize their stress, anxiety and depression.
Chemoradiotherapy in octogenarians as primary treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Authors: McPherson Victor A. , Rodrigues George , Bauman Glenn , Winquist Eric , Chin Joseph , Izawa Jonathan , Potvin Kylea , Ernst Scott , Venkatesan Varagur , Sexton Tracy , Ahmad Belal , Power Nicholas
Published: February 2017

Introduction: While radical cystectomy is the gold standard for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), in octogenarians cystectomy results in a higher perioperative mortality rate (6.8‒11.1%) than in younger patients (2.2%). Trimodality therapy is a bladdersparing regimen composed of transurethral resection of bladder tumour (TURBT) and chemoradiotherapy, with intent for salvage cystectomy, and has a 62.5‒90% initial complete response rate. In this study, we evaluate TURBT and chemoradiotherapy without salvage cystectomy in medically inoperable octogenarian patients.Methods: We identified a retrospective cohort of patients aged 80‒89 years with invasive urothelial carcinoma who received combination chemoradiotherapy between 2008 and June 2014. Outcomes were evaluated by Kaplan-Meier (KM) and Cox regression.Results: In 40 patients, the mean age was 84.5 years (interquartile range [IQR] 83‒86). Seventeen patients received hypofractionated, low-dose radiotherapy (LD) (37.5‒40 Gy), while 23 received conventionally fractionated radiotherapy (high-dose [HD]) (50‒65 Gy). Mean overall survival (OS) was 20.7 months (IQR 12.75‒23.25), while mean recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 13.75 months (IQR 3.75‒16.5). Patients receiving HD radiotherapy showed improved OS and local RFS (LRFS) without significant differences in Grade 3‒4 toxicities. Univariate Cox regression identified hydronephrosis as a predictor of worse OS and local recurrence and HD radiotherapy as a predictor of improved OS and local recurrence rates. Multivariate Cox regression identified hydronephrosis to be a significant predictor of LRFS.Conclusions: Primary chemoradiotherapy for inoperable patients with MIBC resulted in a three-year OS of 54.9% (comparable to cystectomy) and three-year RFS of 42.3%. Superior outcomes were associated with more aggressive chemoradiotherapy treatment. The results of the local control subanalyses in this study are hypothesisgenerating due to the limited patient numbers in the cohort.
Maximal testosterone suppression in the management of recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Klotz Laurence , Breau Rodney H. , Collins Loretta L. , Gleave Martin E. , Pickles Tom , Pouliot Frederic , Saad Fred
Published: February 2017

Introduction: Testosterone suppression, or androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT), is an established treatment for recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa). Based on the accuracy and sensitivityof early assays (c. 1960–1970), the castrate testosterone level was set at ≤1.7 nmol/l. Improved sensitivity of testosterone assays shows that both surgical and medical castration can achieve levels <0.7 nmol/l. However, the clinical implications and importance of maximum testosterone suppression remains a subject of controversy. This evidence-based review assesses prospective and retrospectiveclinical data, linking maximum suppression of testosterone with improved outcomes from ADT.Methods: PubMed and conference proceedings were searched for studies assessing the impact of low testosterone on clinical outcomes from ADT. The key search terms included combinations of prostate cancer and testosterone, predictive/prognostic, and androgen deprivation. Results were limited to studies investigating the relationship between testosterone levels and clinical outcomes.Results: Both prospective and retrospective data support a relationship between testosterone levels below the historical standard of 1.7 nmol/l and improved outcomes. Eight studies showed significantimprovements in survival-related outcomes, with the majority of data supporting a testosterone level cutoff of ≤0.7 nmol/l.Conclusions: Tracking both testosterone and prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels has significant clinical benefits, and the serum testosterone threshold of ≤0.7 nmol/l is a practical goal. The relativelevels of testosterone and PSA may indicate continued hormone responsiveness or progression toward castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) and should, therefore, inform treatment strategy. Standardization of assay methods and clinical coordination to facilitate widespread access to state-of the art laboratory equipment is necessary to ensure accurate decision-making.
Supplementary data: Maximal testosterone suppression in the management of recurrent and metastatic prostate cancer
Authors: Klotz Laurence , Breau Rodney H. , Collins Loretta L. , Gleave Martin E. , Pickles Tom , Pouliot Frederic , Saad Fred
Published: February 2017

N/A
Pitfalls in supermatrix phylogenomics
Authors: Philippe Hervé , Vienne Damien M. de , Ranwez Vincent , Roure Béatrice , Baurain Denis , Delsuc Frédéric
Published: February 2017

In the mid-2000s, molecular phylogenetics turned into phylogenomics, a development that improved the resolution of phylogenetic trees through a dramatic reduction in stochastic error. While some then predicted “the end of incongruence”, it soon appeared that analysing large amounts of sequence data without an adequate model of sequence evolution amplifies systematic error and leads to phylogenetic artefacts. With the increasing flood of (sometimes low-quality) genomic data resulting from the rise of high-throughput sequencing, a new type of error has emerged. Termed here “data errors”, it lumps together several kinds of issues affecting the construction of phylogenomic supermatrices (e.g., sequencing and annotation errors, contaminant sequences). While easy to deal with at a single-gene scale, such errors become very difficult to avoid at the genomic scale, both because hand curating thousands of sequences is prohibitively time-consuming and because the suitable automated bioinformatics tools are still in their infancy. In this paper, we first review the pitfalls affecting the construction of supermatrices and the strategies to limit their adverse effects on phylogenomic inference. Then, after discussing the relative non-issue of missing data in supermatrices, we briefly present the approaches commonly used to reduce systematic error.
Candida Prosthetic Joint Infection. A Review of Treatment Methods
Authors: Cobo Fernando , Rodríguez-Granger Javier , Sampedro Antonio , Aliaga-Martínez Luis , Navarro-Marí José María
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Fungal microorganisms are still a rare cause of bone and joint infections. We report a new case of knee prosthetic joint infection due to Candida albicans in a patient with a previous two-stage right knee arthroplasty for septic arthritis due to S. epidermidis occurred several months ago. Moreover, the treatment in 76 cases of Candida prosthetic joint infection has been discussed. Forty patients were female and mean age at diagnosis was 65.7 (± SD 18) yrs. No risk factors for candidal infection were found in 25 patients. Infection site was the knee in 38 patients and hip in 36; pain was present in 44 patients and swelling in 24. The most frequent species was C. albicans, followed by C. parapsilosis. Eleven patients were only treated with antifungal drugs being the outcome favourable in all of them. Two-stage exchange arthroplasty was performed in 30 patients, and resection arthroplasty in other 30; in three patients one-stage exchange arthroplasty was done. A favourable outcome was found in 58 patients after antifungal plus surgical treatment, in 11 after antifungal treatment alone and in one after surgery alone. The type of treatment is still not clearly defined and an algorithm for treatment in fungal PJI should be established, but various types of surgical procedures may be applied.
Sur la « nature » du tirage au sort en politique : dialogue entre hasard et élection
Authors: Bonin Hugo
Published: February 2017

Le débat contemporain entourant l’utilisation du sort en politique tend parfois à oublier que celui-ci s’inscrit dans un contexte institutionnel précis. En effet, la discussion tente généralement de révéler une nature immanente au tirage au sort. Parmi les auteurs ayant abordé cette question, deux pôles peuvent être dégagés : ceux qui mettent l’accent sur le caractère neutralisateur du hasard en politique et ceux qui insistent sur sa dimension égalitaire. Or, de telles positions obscurcissent le fait que c’est en fonction de certains arrangements institutionnels spécifiques que les potentiels neutralisateurs ou égalitaires du tirage au sort sont mis de l’avant. Adoptant à la fois une perspective philosophique, historique et sociologique, cet article analyse le tirage au sort en politique selon l’angle de son essence et de ses effets. Un survol de différentes expériences historiques aide à illustrer le fait que le potentiel du tirage au sort en politique dépend principalement de la pratique politique dans laquelle il s’inscrit. Par la suite, une comparaison de l’élection et du tirage permet de démontrer le caractère problématique de l’idée d’une essence de ces processus et de démontrer l’importance d’une réflexion en termes de potentialité et non de nature.
Démocratisation de l’information : effets différenciés des médias traditionnels et des nouveaux médias1
Authors: Daoust Jean-François
Published: February 2017

Cette recherche évalue à quel point les nouveaux médias sont efficaces pour acquérir de l’information politique de campagne. Ces médias sont systématiquement comparés aux médias traditionnels en utilisant les données du projet Making Electoral Democracy Work lors de deux élections canadiennes, à savoir les élections provinciales ontarienne (2011) et québécoise (2012). Il est démontré que les médias traditionnels sont les plus consommés et que l’impact relatif de ces médias est plus important sur l’acquisition d’information. L’article incite finalement à la prudence quant à l’interprétation cyber-optimiste de la démocratisation de l’information.
KVALITET ŽIVOTA PACIJENATA SA DEPRESIJOM NAKON MOŽDANOG UDARA
Authors: Vukadinović Sanja , Stojaković Milan , Stojanović Zlatan
Published: February 2017

Depresija je najčešći afektivni poremećaj koji se javlja kao posljedica moždanog udara, takođepovezana i sa značajno otežanim ponovnim uspostavljanjem funkcionalnosti i kvaliteta života. Ciljrada bio je utvrđivanje značaja depresije na kvalitet života nakon moždanog udara, te utvrđivanjestatističke značajnosti razlike depresivnog i nedepresivnog pacijenta nakon moždanog udara.Uispitivanje je bilo uključeno 50 pacijenata u kontrolnoj grupi, kao i 50 pacijenata u eksperimentalnojgrupi, oba pola, starosti od 18 do 86 godina života, hospitalizovanih na Klinici za psihijatriju i Kliniciza neurologiju, Univerzitetsko Kliničkog centra u Banjoj Luci, zbog klinički dijagnostikovanogakutnog moždanog udara. Postojanje depresije procjenjivano je na osnovu autoanamnestički dobijenihpodataka, kliničkog posmatranja. Za dijagnozu depresivnog poremećaja koristili smo MiniInternacionalni Neuropsihijatrijski Inervju (MINI), a za procjenu težine depresije upotrebljavali smoHamiltonovu skalu za procjenu depresivnosti (HAMD), verziju sa 17 ajtema. Short form (SF-36verzija 2.0) upitnik se koristio za procjenu kvaliteta života, omogućavajući da se otkrije uticajrazličitih oboljenja na kvalitet života. Minor depresiju (skor HAMD 8-15) imalo je 50% (25pacijenata), kao i major depresiju (skor HAMD ≥ 16) je imalo 50% (25 pacijenata). Dobijenevrijednosti ukazuju da je kvalitet života nakon moždanog udara značajno umanjen u odnosu na kvalitetživota prosječne populacije (50.0). Nije prisutna statistički značajna razlika u težini poremećajakvaliteta života kod pacijenata sa i bez depresivnog poremećaja (Mann-Whitney U, p=0.526).
FENOMENOLOGIJA LAŽNOG SELFA
Authors: Sandić Aneta
Published: February 2017

U uvodnom dijelu teksta autorica se osvrće na fenomenologiju lažnog selfa iznalazeći oslonac upsihoanalitičkoj metapsihologiji pozivajući se na teoretska uporišta H. Deutsch, D. Winnicotta i C.Auerbacha. Teoretske psihoanalitičke postavke ilustrira kazuističkim prikazom klijenta koga, u skladus Winnicottovom gradacijom, obilježava manje ekstreman lažni self. U predočavanju psihoterapijskogtoka poseban status dat je teoriji objektnih odnosa u skladu s vlastitom psihoanalitičkom teoretskomorijentacijom.Nakon kliničke vinjete autorica rezimira neke od specifičnosti psihoanalitičkog psihoterapeutskograda s klijentima koje obilježava lažni self, da bi u zaključku predočila centralna obilježjaterapeutskog rada s ovim vidom psihopatologije potcrtavajući ih kao nužne preduslove koji ćeomogućiti transformacijsku objektnu relaciju.
O PSIHOANALITIČKOM KONCEPTU POUNUTRENJA: INTERNALIZACIJA
Authors: Sandić Aneta
Published: February 2017

U najširem kontekstu u psihoanalitičkoj teoriji internalizacijom se označava progresivni proceskojim vanjske interakcije između organizma i vanjskog svijeta bivaju zamijenjene unutrašnjimreprezentacijama ovih interakcija i njihovim rezultatima. Proces je krucijalan u ontogenetskomrazvoju ljudske jedinke. Istovremeno, od esencijalnog je značaja za ostvarenje terapeutskogprogresa tokom sprovođenja psihoanalize, odnosno psihoanalitičke psihoterapije.Obzirom na centralnost koncepta internalizacije u psihoanalitičkoj teoriji, kao i činjenice da istinije u dovoljnoj mjeri klarificiran, namjera ovog teksta je da se isti predoči u okviru njegovihbazičnih obilježja u cilju nastojanja pobližeg definisanja samog pojma i njemu imanentnihintrapsihičkih procesa.
FUNKCIONALNOST PORODICA KOD DJECE SA POREMEĆAJEM PONAŠANJA
Authors: Ilić Ivana , Stajić Mladen
Published: February 2017

Poremećaji ponašanja su raznolika grupa poremećaja, okarakterisana učestalim i trajnimponavljanjem obrazaca ponašanja, koji narušavaju socijalne norme. Ovaj rad predstavlja prikaznovijih saznanja, koja se tiču funkcionalnosti porodice i poremećaja ponašanja kod djece. Sadržiosnovne karakteristike porodice, obilježja funkcionalnih i disfunkcionalnih porodica i njihov uticaj narazvoj različitih vidova poremećaja ponašanja. Različite studije pokazale su kako su u porodicama sadjecom sa poremećajem ponašanja češće prisutne različite karakteristike disfunkcionalnih porodica,kao što su emocionalna hladnoća, često fizičko kažnjavanje, pretjerano strogi roditelji, nedosljednadisciplina, kriminalna prošlost članova porodice, psihijatrijski poremećaji. Funkcionalnost porodicaposmatra se sa različitih aspekata. Najkorišteniji model u ispitivanjima jeste cirkumpleks modelporodičnih i bračnih odnosa, koji proučava dimenzije kohezivnosti i fleksibilnosti, uz komunikaciju.Osim toga, u novijim istraživanjima koristi se i sistemski pristup porodici, baveći se patologijom veza,moći i granica.Vodeći se ovim modelima, istraživanja su pokazala kako se kod djece sa poremećajemponašanja češće uspostavljaju patološke veze, izmijenjene su uloge, a granice unutar porodice surigidne ili difuzne.
Opening Digital Archives and Collections with Emerging Data Analytics Technology: A Research Agenda
Authors: Elragal Ahmed , Päivärinta Tero
Published: February 2017

In the public sector, the EU legislation requires preservation and opening of increasing amounts of heterogeneous digital information that should be utilized by citizens and businesses. While technologies such as big data analytics (BDA) have emerged, opening of digital archives and collections at a large scale is in its infancy. Opening archives and collections involve also particular requirements for recognizing and managing issues of privacy and digital rights. As well, ensuring the sustainability of the opened materials and economical appraisal of digital materials for preservation require robust digital preservation practices. We need to proceed beyond the state-of-the-art in opening digital archives and collections through the means of emerging big data analytics and validating a novel concept for analytics which then enables delivering of knowledge for citizens and the society. We set out an agenda for using BDA as our strategy for research and enquiry and for demonstrating the benefit of BDA for opening digital archives by civil servants and for citizens. That will – eventually - transform the preservation practices, and delivery and use opportunities of public digital archives. Our research agenda suggests a framework integrating four domains of inquiry, analytics-enhanced appraisal, analytics-prepared preservation, analytics-enhanced opening, and analytics-enhanced use, for utilizing the BDA technologies in the domain of digital archives and collections. The suggested framework and research agenda identifies initially particular BDA technologies to be utilized in each of the four domains, and contributes by highlighting a need for an integrated “public understanding of big data” in the domain of digital preservation.
Species coexistence and the superior ability of an invasive species to exploit a facilitation cascade habitat
Authors: Altieri Andrew H. , Irving Andrew D.
Published: February 2017

Facilitation cascades generated by co-occurring foundation species can enhance the abundance and diversity of associated organisms. However, it remains poorly understood how differences among native and invasive species in their ability to exploit these positive interactions contribute to emergent patterns of community structure and biotic acceptance. On intertidal shorelines in New England, we examined the patterns of coexistence between the native mud crabs and the invasive Asian shore crab in and out of a facilitation cascade habitat generated by mid intertidal cordgrass and ribbed mussels. These crab species co-occurred in low intertidal cobbles adjacent to the cordgrass–mussel beds, despite experimental findings that the dominant mud crabs can kill and displace Asian shore crabs and thereby limit their successful recruitment to their shared habitat. A difference between the native and invasive species in their utilization of the facilitation cascade likely contributes to this pattern. Only the Asian shore crabs inhabit the cordgrass–mussel beds, despite experimental evidence that both species can similarly benefit from stress amelioration in the beds. Moreover, only Asian shore crabs settle in the beds, which function as a nursery habitat free of lethal mud crabs, and where their recruitment rates are particularly high (nearly an order of magnitude higher than outside beds). Persistence of invasive adult Asian shore crabs among the dominant native mud crabs in the low cobble zone is likely enhanced by a spillover effect of the facilitation cascade in which recruitment-limited Asian shore crabs settle in the mid intertidal cordgrass–mussel beds and subsidize their vulnerable populations in the adjacent low cobble zone. This would explain why the abundances of Asian shore crabs in cobbles are doubled when adjacent to facilitation cascade habitats. The propensity for this exotic species to utilize habitats created by facilitation cascades, despite the lack of a shared evolutionary history, contributes to species coexistence and the acceptance of invasives into a diverse community.
Intersexual differences of heat shock response between two amphipods (Eulimnogammarus verrucosusandEulimnogammarus cyaneus) in Lake Baikal
Authors: Bedulina Daria , Meyer Michael F. , Gurkov Anton , Kondratjeva Ekaterina , Baduev Boris , Gusdorf Roman , Timofeyev Maxim A.
Published: February 2017

Acute temperature fluctuations are common in surface waters, and aquatic organisms may manifest physiological responses to punctuated temperature spikes long before behavioral responses. Ectotherms, especially cryophilic stenotherms such as those endemic to Lake Baikal (Siberia), may demonstrate specialized physiological responses to acute temperature increases because their proteomes have evolved to function most efficiently at lower temperatures (e.g., <10 °C). Therefore, our study questioned the nature and degree of variation in physiological response to acute thermal stress in two congenerous, endemic Baikal amphipod species,Eulimnogammarus verrucosusandEulimnogammarus cyaneus. We hypothesized that because interspecific and intersexual thermosensitivity varies significantly among ectotherms, there would be divergent intersexual and interspecific strategies to withstand acute thermal stress, manifested in different protein compositions and concentrations. We exposed individuals to the species’ respective LT50 for one hour followed by a three-hour recovery period. We then performed 1D-PAGE, Western blotting, 2D-PAGE, and Mass Spectrometry techniques and assessed relative intersexual and interspecific changes in proteomic composition and heat shock protein 70 level. Our results demonstrate that females tend to be more sensitive to an acute thermal stimulus than males, most likely because females allocate significant energy to reproduction and less to heat shock response, evidenced by females’ significantly lower LT50time. Lower level of Hsp70 was found in females of the thermosensitiveE. verrucosuscompared to males of this species. No intersexual differences were found in Hsp70 level in thermotolerantE. cyaneus. Higher levels of hemocyanin subunits and arginine kinase were found inE. cyaneusfemales after heat shock and recovery compared to males, which was not found forE. verrucosus, suggesting interspecific mechanisms forE. cyaneus’s higher thermotolerance. These differing responses between species and sexes of Baikal amphipods may reflect more general strategies for maintaining homeostatic conditions during acute thermal stress. As mean surface water temperatures increase worldwide, the net efficiency and efficacy of these strategies could give rise to long term changes in physiology, behavior, and interactions with other species, potentially precipitating population and community level alterations.
Bax-inhibitor-1knockdown phenotypes are suppressed byBuffyand exacerbate degeneration in aDrosophilamodel of Parkinson disease
Authors: M’Angale P. Githure , Staveley Brian E.
Published: February 2017

Background

Bax inhibitor-1 (BI-1) is an evolutionarily conserved cytoprotective transmembrane protein that acts as a suppressor ofBax-induced apoptosis by regulation of endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced cell death. We knocked downBI-1in the sensitivedopa decarboxylase(Ddc) expressing neurons ofDrosophila melanogasterto investigate its neuroprotective functions. We additionally sought to rescue theBI-1-induced phenotypes by co-expression with the pro-survivalBuffyand determined the effect ofBI-1knockdown on the neurodegenerative α-synuclein-induced Parkinson disease (PD) model.

Methods

We used organismal assays to assess longevity of the flies to determine the effect of the altered expression ofBI-1in theDdc-Gal4-expressing neurons by employing two RNAi transgenic fly lines. We measured the locomotor ability of these RNAi lines by computing the climbing indices of the climbing ability and compared them to a control line that expresses thelacZtransgene. Finally, we performed biometric analysis of the developing eye, where we counted the number of ommatidia and calculated the area of ommatidial disruption.

Results

The knockdown ofBI-1in these neurons was achieved under the direction of theDdc-Gal4transgene and resulted in shortened lifespan and precocious loss of locomotor ability. The co-expression ofBuffy, the Drosophila anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 homologue, withBI-1-RNAiresulted in suppression of the reduced lifespan and impaired climbing ability. Expression of human α-synucleinin Drosophila dopaminergic neurons results in neuronal degeneration, accompanied by the age-dependent loss in climbing ability. We exploited this neurotoxic system to investigate possible BI-1 neuroprotective function. The co-expression of α-synucleinwithBI-1-RNAiresults in a slight decrease in lifespan coupled with an impairment in climbing ability. In supportive experiments, we employed the neuron-rich Drosophila compound eye to investigate subtle phenotypes that result from altered gene expression. The knockdown ofBI-1in the Drosophila developing eye under the direction of theGMR-Gal4transgene results in reduced ommatidia number and increased disruption of the ommatidial array. Similarly, the co-expression ofBI-1-RNAiwithBuffyresults in the suppression of the eye phenotypes. The expression of α-synucleinalong with the knockdown ofBI-1resulted in reduction of ommatidia number and more disruption of the ommatidial array.

Conclusion

Knockdown ofBI-1in the dopaminergic neurons of Drosophila results in a shortened lifespan and premature loss in climbing ability, phenotypes that appear to be strongly associated with models of PD in Drosophila, and which are suppressed upon overexpression ofBuffyand worsened by co-expression with α-synuclein. This suggests thatBI-1is neuroprotective and its knockdown can be counteracted by the overexpression of the pro-survivalBcl-2homologue.
Patient satisfaction with doctor-patient interaction and its association with modifiable cardiovascular risk factors among moderately-high risk patients in primary healthcare
Authors: Norhayati Mohd Noor , Masseni Abd Aziz , Azlina Ishak
Published: February 2017

Background

The outcomes of the physician-patient discussion intervene in the satisfaction of cardiovascular disease risk patients. Adherence to treatment, provision of continuous care, clinical management of the illness and patients’ adjustment are influenced by satisfaction with physician-patient interaction. This study aims to determine the patient satisfaction with doctor-patient interaction and over six months after following prevention counselling, its associations with modifiable cardiovascular risk factors amongst moderately-high risk patients in a primary healthcare clinic in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Methods

A prospective survey was conducted amongst patients with moderately-high cardiovascular risk. A total of 104 moderately-high risk patients were recruited and underwent structured prevention counselling based on the World Health Organization guideline, and their satisfaction with the doctor-patient interaction was assessed using ‘Skala Kepuasan Interaksi Perubatan-11,’ the Malay version of the Medical Interview Satisfaction Scale-21. Systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured at baseline and at a follow-up visit at six months. Descriptive analysis, pairedttest and linear regression analyses were performed.

Results

A total of 102 patients responded, giving a response rate of 98.1%. At baseline, 76.5% of the respondents were satisfied with the relation with their doctor, with the favourable domain of distress relief (85.3%) and rapport/confidence (91.2%). The unfavourable domain was interaction outcome, with satisfaction in only 67.6% of the respondents. Between the two visits, changes had occurred in total cholesterol (P = 0.022) and in systolic blood pressure (P < 0.001). Six months after the initial visits, no relationship existed between patient satisfaction scores and changes in modifiable cardiovascular risks.

Discussion

The ‘Skala Kepuasan Interaksi Perubatan-11’ which represents a component of the interpersonal doctor-patient relationship can be used to assess improvements of the medical skills and in medical training to enhance the quality of therapeutic communication.
Molecular and morphological data reveal three new cryptic species ofChiasmocleis(Mehely 1904) (Anura, Microhylidae) endemic to the Atlantic Forest, Brazil
Authors: Forlani Mauricio C. , Tonini João F.R. , Cruz Carlos A.G. , Zaher Hussam , de Sá Rafael O.
Published: February 2017

Three new cryptic species ofChiasmocleisfrom the Atlantic Forest of Brazil are described. Two of these species occur in the northeastern states of Sergipe and Bahia, whereas the third species is found in the southeastern state of São Paulo. The new species can be distinguished from other congeneric species by the molecular data, as evidenced in the phylogeny, and by a combination of morphological characters including: size, foot webbing, dermal spines, and coloration patterns.Chiasmocleisspecies differ in osteological traits, therefore we also provide an osteological description of each new species and comparsions with data reported for other species in the genus.
40Ar/39Ar geochronology reveals rapid change from plume‐assisted to stress‐dependent volcanism in the Newer Volcanic Province, SE Australia
Authors: Oostingh K. F. , Jourdan F. , Matchan E. L. , Phillips D.
Published: February 2017

Here we present 40Ar/39Ar ages of volcanic features in the Cenozoic intraplate Newer Volcanic Province in southeast Australia. The <5 Ma volcanic products in the Newer Volcanic Province can be subdivided into tholeiitic, valley‐filling Newer Plains basalts, and alkaline scoria cones, lava shields, and maars of the Newer Cones series. Plateau ages range from 3.76 ± 0.01 to 4.32 ± 0.03 Ma (2σ; all sources of uncertainties included) for the Newer Plains series, with production rates of volcanism decreasing post 4 Ma. We suggest that magmatism is related to the complex interplay of magma upwelling due to edge‐driven convection and the Cosgrove track mantle plume located in the northeast of the province at 6.5–5 Ma. Plateau ages range from 1290 ± 20 to 41.1 ± 2.2 ka (2σ) for the Newer Cones series, with a diffuse age progression in the onset of volcanism for these features from east to west. Analyses of the distribution and geomorphology of these volcanic features indicates a strong control of basement faults on volcanism, reflected in alignment of volcanic features along Paleozoic north‐south oriented basement faults in the east and Cretaceous northwest‐southeast oriented extensional features in the west. This age progression can be explained by a westerly migration of stress derived from the left‐lateral strike‐slip Tasman Fracture Zone. This suggests that the general mechanism of volcanism changed from upwelling due to plume‐assisted edge‐driven convection prior to ∼4 Ma to stress‐dependent upwelling at around 1.3 Ma.
Diffusive scattering of electrons by electron holes around injection fronts
Authors: Vasko I. Y. , Agapitov O. V. , Mozer F. S. , Artemyev A. V. , Krasnoselskikh V. V. , Bonnell J. W.
Published: February 2017

Van Allen Probes have detected nonlinear electrostatic spikes around injection fronts in the outer radiation belt. These spikes include electron holes (EH), double layers, and more complicated solitary waves. We show that EHs can efficiently scatter electrons due to their substantial transverse electric fields. Although the electron scattering driven by EHs is diffusive, it cannot be evaluated via the standard quasi‐linear theory. We derive analytical formulas describing local electron scattering by a single EH and verify them via test particle simulations. We show that the most efficiently scattered are gyroresonant electrons (crossing EH on a time scale comparable to the local electron gyroperiod). We compute bounce‐averaged diffusion coefficients and demonstrate their dependence on the EH spatial distribution (latitudinal extent and spatial filling factor) and individual EH parameters (amplitude of electrostatic potential, velocity, and spatial scales). We show that EHs can drive pitch angle scattering of
5 keV electrons at rates 10−2−10−4 s−1 and, hence, can contribute to electron losses and conjugated diffuse aurora brightenings. The momentum and pitch angle scattering rates can be comparable, so that EHs can also provide efficient electron heating. The scattering rates driven by EHs at L shells L ∼ 5–8 are comparable to those due to chorus waves and may exceed those due to electron cyclotron harmonics.
A comparison of small‐scale magnetic fluctuations in the Region 1 and 2 field‐aligned current systems
Authors: Wu J. , Bryant M. S. , Ridley C. G. , Shen Y. , Yang L. , Clausen L. B. N. , McWilliams K. A. , Murphy K. R. , Mann I. R. , Ozeke L. G. , Korth H. , Anderson B. J. , Waters C. L.
Published: February 2017

By determining the location and size of the Region 1 (R1) and Region 2 (R2) large‐scale field‐aligned currents (FACs) from Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment data, we are able to study the small‐scale magnetic fluctuations observed by the Swarm satellites embedded within the large‐scale FACs. A statistical comparison of R1 and R2 high‐frequency fluctuations is presented in terms of different solar wind conditions and geomagnetic activities. We find that (1) the amplitude of high‐frequency fluctuations in both R1 and R2 increases as the large‐scale R1 and R2 FACs intensify; (2) high‐frequency fluctuations in R1 peak near dayside dawn and dusk, while those in R2 peak around noon; (3) the location of the largest high‐frequency fluctuations in R1 shifts in local time in response to IMF By, indicating a connection between the R1 fluctuation and the driving solar wind most likely explained by magnetic reconnection; and (4) high‐frequency fluctuations in R2 are enhanced in a small region near local noon and respond clearly to nightside drivers, as characterized by the auroral electrojet index. Our analysis shows that the intensity of R1 and R2 high‐frequency magnetic fluctuations is directly connected to the intensity of FACs, which implies that the magnetic fluctuations are closely related to the magnetospheric processes that drive them.