bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudos clínicos randomizados dos benefícios e limitações do Irradiation Laser Intravenous of Blood (ILIB) na Odontologia: revisão integrativa
Authors: Menezes Maria Regina Almeida de , Alves-Silva Esdras Gabriel , Santana Emilene Correia Gomes de , Mendes Vinícius Cristovão de Oliveira
Published: February 2021

O objetivo deste trabalho é responder à pergunta norteadora “quais os efeitos da irradiação do sangue por via intravenosa na odontologia?”. Para isso, foi realizada uma busca mais direcionada e aprofundada nas plataformas Cochrane, SciELO, PubMed e Scopus através dos descritores “Low level laser; photobiomodulation; dentistry”, que buscou integrar as palavras “and” e “more”, com objetivo de selecionar artigos com tal conteúdo acima descrito. Por fim, após a realização dos critérios de elegibilidade, foram selecionados seis artigos, compostos no período de 2016 a Novembro de 2020, para a realização de uma análise mais aprofundada. Pois este assunto trata-se de algo novo, no entanto, sabe-se que, na Rússia, muitos estudos já foram publicados, porém sem tradução para língua inglesa. Assim, após a realização da leitura dos artigos selecionados, pode-se observar que a aplicação do laser de baixa intensidade com dosimetrias e sugestões adotadas é extremamente benéfica, mas o seu uso ainda necessita de estudos mais aprofundados devido aos efeitos colaterais que podem surgir, o que demonstra a presença de fatores positivos e negativos no uso dessa técnica, principalmente no uso odontológico. A limitação desse estudo está em identificar os descritores no DECs e encontrar artigos em língua inglesa e outras mais comuns, tornando-se necessário que estudos continuem sendo realizados e publicados, para que assuntos como esse sejam disseminados para a população.
SISTEM INFORMASI AKUNTANSI BERBASIS WEB PADA PERUSAHAAN JASA TENAGA KERJA
Authors: Chandra Bintang , Poerbo Hendro
Published: February 2021

PT Lia Central Utama merupakan perusahaan jasa tenaga kerja Indonesia yang berpusat di Kota Tanjungpinang dan memiliki salah satu cabang di Kota Malang. Perusahaan cabang di Kota Malang ini masih menggunakan proses manual untuk pencatatan keuangan perusahaan. Pada saat ini proses pengelolaan data keuangan di PT. Lia Central Utama cabang Kota Malang masih menerapkan proses manual, yakni dengan cara mencatat data transaksi di jurnal harian, kemudian direkap berdasarkan siklus bulanan dengan cara membuat laporan keuangan menggunakan aplikasi microsoft excel. Perhitungan rinci serta pelaporan akuntansi dalam manajemen keuangan belum tersedia sehingga menyulitkan perusahan pusat dalam memantau perkembangan finansial. Dari latar belakang tersebut dapat berdampak kepada kualitas laporan keuangan, dimana laporan keuangan sangat dibutuhkan perusahaan pusat dalam memantau perkembangan kantor cabang serta untuk mengambil kebijakan dalam memajukan perusahaan kedepannya. Hal utama yang diperlukan perusahaan yakni menerapkan sistem perlaporan akuntansi untuk mendapatkan laporan keuangan secara rinci. Pengembangan sistem dilakukan dengan metode System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) yang dibagi dalam lima fase, yaitu perencanaan, analisis, desain, implementasi, serta dilakukan tahap testing. Sistem ini diharapkan dapat membantu PT. Lia Central Utama khususnya cabang Kota Malang untuk memantau keuangan perusahaan. Hasil akhir yang didapat adalah pelaporan Jurnal Umum, Buku Besar, Neraca Saldo, Jurnal Penyesuaian, Neraca Saldo sesudah Penyesuaian, Laporan Laba Rugi, Laporan Perubahan Modal, dan Neraca Akhir.
REVALUASI SPESIFIKASI KEBUTUHAN PERANGKAT LUNAK SISTEM INFORMASI AKADEMIK TERINTEGRASI
Authors: Maharani Sarwono Agatha Grace , Kurniawan Yudhi
Published: February 2021

Universitas Ma Chung adalah salah satu univesitas yang telah menerapkan dan memanfaatkan teknologi, yaitu dibuktikan adanya sistem informasi akademik macsys1 dan macsys2. Seiring dengan berkembangnya kebutuhan universitas yang semakin kompleks, pada tahun 2018 Unit Pelaksana Teknis Sistem Informasi (UPT SI) di Universitas Ma Chung telah merilis satu sistem baru yang terintegrasi antara sistem informasi bagian akademik dan non-akademik. Sistem terintegrasi yang sedang terus dibangun ini disebut macIS yaitu Ma Chung Integrated System. Berdasarkan proses pembangunan dan pengembangan sistem yang ada, Universitas Ma Chung belum memiliki dokumen spesifikasi kebutuhan perangkat lunak (SRS) baik untuk macsys1, macsys2 maupun macIS.Berdasarkan latar belakang yang ada, dapat disimpulkan yaitu bagaimana menyusun dokumen spesifikasi kebutuhan perangkat lunak untuk sistem informasi terintegrasi pada Universitas Ma Chung yang telah dibangun agar sistem yang ada sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisai dan kebutuhan pengembangan sistem selanjutnya. Penyusunan dokumen dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode analisis kebutuhan berorientasi obyek. Analisis sistem berorientasi objek ini merupakan tahapan perantara untuk memetakan spesifikasi yang teridentifkasi sehingga kebutuhan sistem dapat lebih mudah diimplementasikan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis proses bisnis yang sedang berjalan di Univeristas Ma Chung. Sedangkan untuk penulisan dokumen menggunakan standar internasional dan terbaru yaitu ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148-2011. Hasil akhir yang diperoleh adalah sebuah dokumen revaluasi spesifikasi kebutuhan perangkat lunak sesuai dengan kebutuhan organisai dan kebutuhan pengembangan sistem dengan standar dokumentasi internasional yaitu ISO/IEC/IEEE 29148-2011.
PERANCANGAN PERHITUNGAN LABA RUGI PADA PT. XYZ
Authors: Taqwiym Akhsani
Published: February 2021

Perancangan aplikasi perhitungan laba rugi adalah aplikasi yang dirancang guna mempermudah dalam proses pencatatan laba rugi secara digital, cepat dan hasilnya lebih akurat dibandingkan dengan metode manual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode waterfall yang dimulai dengan analisis kebutuhan, desain, pembuatan kode program, pengujian, pendukung atau pemeliharaan. Perancangan aplikasi perhitungan laba rugi dirancang dan dikonsep berdasarkan permasalahan yang terjadi di PT. XYZ dimana pencatatan transaksi yang tidak terdokumentasi dengan baik sehingga menyebabkan selisih pada pencatatan laba rugi. Laporan laba rugi PT. XYZ meliputi dana proyek, bahan baku yang dibutuhkan, bahan baku yang dibeli, bahan baku yang terpakai, dan laporan laba rugi. Program aplikasi menggunakan Microsoft Visual Studio 2013 dan MYSQL 2012. Didalam akses aplikasi digunakan satu admin yang mencatat dan mengkoordinir semua kegiatan dan memantau semua kegiatan transaksi masuk dan keluar. Diharapkan dengan adanya aplikasi ini dapat membantu dalam proses pencatatan laporan kegiatan dalam penyelesaian suatu proyek sehingga tidak terjadi selisih pada laporan akhir.
Modeling salmon lice effects on sea trout population dynamics using an individual-based approach
Authors: Hedger RD , Diserud OH , Finstad B , Jensen AJ , Hendrichsen DK , Ugedal O , Næsje TF
Published: February 2021

Salmon lice Lepeophtheirus salmonis infestation of sea trout Salmo trutta results in both additional marine mortality and behavioral changes which may contribute to sea trout population decline. For effective management of activities that increase exposure to salmon lice, such as salmon aquaculture, it is necessary to have a full understanding of how salmon lice may affect sea trout populations. An individual-based model (IBTRUTTA) was therefore developed to investigate the potential effects of salmon lice infestation on sea trout population abundance and dynamics based on data from the River Halselva and Altafjord system in northern Norway. This model allowed investigation of the effect of lice-induced mortality and also the compensatory salmonid behavioral mechanisms of premature return to freshwater, either persistent for overwintering or transitory after which sea trout could go back to sea. It was found that, in the absence of compensatory mechanisms, even low rates of lice infestation could lead to marked declines in sea trout abundance. Compensatory behavioral mechanisms had the potential to reduce these declines, but persistent premature return resulted in reduced body mass of returning adults. The shape of the stock-recruitment relationship was also shown to strongly affect how lice-induced mortality impacted the population.
"lambda" - STATISTICAL SUPREMUM - INFIMUM AND "lambda" - STATISTICAL CONVERGENCE
Authors: ALTINOK Maya , KAYA Umutcan , KÜÇÜKASLAN Mehmet
Published: February 2021

Convergence of real valued sequences especially statistical convergence is very popular subject in Mathematical Analysis. Also, it has got a lot of characterizations in literature. In this paper, we are going to define $\lambda$-statistical supremum and $\lambda$-statistical infimum for real valued sequence $x=(x_n)$. After giving some basic properties of these new notations, then we are going to find a necessary and sufficient condition for to existence of λ-statistical convergence of the sequence $x=(x_n)$.
A Mechanism to Detect and Prevent Ethereum Blockchain Smart Contract Reentrancy Attacks
Authors: Alkhalifah Ayman , Ng Alex , Watters Paul A. , Kayes A. S. M.
Published: February 2021

In Ethereum blockchain, smart contracts are immutable, public, and distributed. However, they are subject to many vulnerabilities stemming from coding errors made by developers. Seven cybersecurity incidents occurred in Ethereum smart contracts between 2016 and 2018, which led to financial losses estimated to be over US$ 289 million. Reentrancy vulnerability was the cause of two of these incidents, and the impacts went far beyond financial loss. Several reentrancy countermeasures are available, which are based on predefined patterns that are used to prevent vulnerability exploitation before the deployment of a smart contract; however, several limitations have been identified in these countermeasures. Motivated by all these issues, the objective of this article is to help developers improve the cybersecurity of smart contracts by proposing a solution that calculates the difference between the contract balance and the total balance of all participants in a smart contract before and after any operation in a transaction that changes its state. Proof-of-concept implementations show that this solution can provide a detection and prevention mechanism against reentrancy attacks during the execution of any smart contract.
Right Ventricular Damage in COVID-19: Association Between Myocardial Injury and COVID-19
Authors: Lan Yonghao , Liu Wei , Zhou Yujie
Published: February 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a global pandemic. It has resulted in considerable morbidity and mortality around the world. The respiratory system is the main system invaded by the virus involved in COVID-19. In addition to typical respiratory manifestations, a certain proportion of severe COVID-19 cases present with evidence of myocardial injury, which is associated with excessive mortality. With availability of an increasing amount of imaging data, right ventricular (RV) damage is prevalent in patients with COVID-19 and myocardial injury, while left ventricular damage is relatively rare and lacks specificity. The mechanisms of RV damage may be due to increased RV afterload and decreased RV contractility caused by various factors, such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, pulmonary thrombosis, direct viral injury, hypoxia, inflammatory response and autoimmune injury. RV dysfunction usually indicates a poor clinical outcome in patients with COVID-19. Timely and effective treatment is of vital importance to save patients' lives as well as improve prognosis. By use of echocardiography or cardiovascular magnetic resonance, doctors can find RV dilatation and dysfunction early. By illustrating the phenomenon of RV damage and its potential pathophysiological mechanisms, we will guide doctors to give timely medical treatments (e.g., anticoagulants, diuretics, cardiotonic), and device-assisted therapy (e.g., mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation) when necessary for these patients. In the paper, we examined the latest relevant studies to investigate the imaging features, potential mechanisms, and treatments of myocardial damage caused by COVID-19. RV damage may be an association between myocardial damage and lung injury in COVID-19. Early assessment of RV geometry and function will be helpful in aetiological determination and adjustment of treatment options.
Glacier-Related Hazards Along the International Karakoram Highway: Status and Future Perspectives
Authors: Gao Yongpeng , Liu Shiyin , Qi Miaomiao , Xie Fuming , Wu Kunpeng , Zhu Yu
Published: February 2021

The China–Pakistan international Karakoram Highway passes through the core area of the “Karakoram Anomaly,” whose glaciers have maintained or increased their mass during a period when most glaciers worldwide have receded. We synthesized the literature and used remote-sensing techniques to review the types, distribution, characteristics, causes and frequency of major glacial hazards along the Karakoram Highway. We found that the glacier-related hazards could be divided into direct and indirect hazards, including glacier surges, glacial lake outburst floods, and glacial floods, which are concentrated in East Pamir and the Hunza River Basin. In the past 100 years, hazards from glaciers surges and glacial floods only occurred once and twice, respectively, which appear suddenly, with the hazard-causing process being short-lived and occurring mainly in the summer. Glacial lake outburst floods mainly occur in the spring and summer in the Hunza River Basin. Among these, ice-dammed lakes have the highest frequency of flooding, their formation and outbursts being closely related to the sudden advancement of surge-type glaciers. Under the background of global climate warming, we speculate that the glacier surge cycle may shorten and the frequency of the formation and outbursts in the glacial lakes may increase. In the future, we should combine models and new field observations to simulate, and deepen our understanding of the physical mechanisms of different glacier-related hazards. In particular, on-site monitoring should be carried out, to include the evolution of glaciers subglacial hydrological systems, the thermal state at the base of the glaciers, and the opening and closing of drainage channels at the base of the ice dams.
A Hybrid-Attention Nested UNet for Nuclear Segmentation in Histopathological Images
Authors: He Hongliang , Zhang Chi , Chen Jie , Geng Ruizhe , Chen Luyang , Liang Yongsheng , Lu Yanchang , Wu Jihua , Xu Yongjie
Published: February 2021

Nuclear segmentation of histopathological images is a crucial step in computer-aided image analysis. There are complex, diverse, dense, and even overlapping nuclei in these histopathological images, leading to a challenging task of nuclear segmentation. To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a hybrid-attention nested UNet (Han-Net), which consists of two modules: a hybrid nested U-shaped network (H-part) and a hybrid attention block (A-part). H-part combines a nested multi-depth U-shaped network and a dense network with full resolution to capture more effective features. A-part is used to explore attention information and build correlations between different pixels. With these two modules, Han-Net extracts discriminative features, which effectively segment the boundaries of not only complex and diverse nuclei but also small and dense nuclei. The comparison in a publicly available multi-organ dataset shows that the proposed model achieves the state-of-the-art performance compared to other models.
Cooling Between Exercise Bouts and Post-exercise With the Fan Cooling Jacket on Thermal Strain in Hot-Humid Environments
Authors: Otani Hidenori , Fukuda Makoto , Tagawa Takehiro
Published: February 2021

This study investigated the effects of cooling between exercise bouts and post-exercise with a commercially available fan cooling jacket on thermal and perceptual responses during and following exercise in hot-humid environments. Ten male athletes completed two 30 min cycling bouts at a constant workload (1.4 watts⋅kg–1 of body mass) with a 5 min recovery period in between. Exercise was followed by a 10 min recovery period. In an environmental chamber (33°C, 65% relative humidity), participants performed two trials with (FCJ) or without (CON) the fan cooling jacket on a T-shirt during the 5 min inter-exercise and 10 min post-exercise recovery periods. Mean, chest and upper arm skin temperatures, and thermal sensation and comfort were lower in FCJ than CON trial during and following exercise (P < 0.05). Thigh and calf skin temperatures, infrared tympanic temperature and heart rate were lower in FCJ than CON trial during the experimental trials (P < 0.05). The rates of fall in mean, chest and upper arm skin temperatures, infrared tympanic temperature and thermal sensation and comfort were faster in FCJ than CON trial during both recovery periods (P < 0.05). There were faster rates of fall in thigh and calf skin temperatures and heart rate in FCJ than CON trial during the post-exercise recovery period (P < 0.05). No difference was observed between trials in the rating of perceived exertion (P > 0.05). This study indicates that cooling between exercise bouts and post-exercise with the fan cooling jacket would effectively mitigate thermal strain and perception/discomfort during and following exercise in hot-humid environments. This garment would reduce whole-body skin temperature quickly while promoting falls in lower-body as well as upper-body skin temperatures.
Meningococcal Vaccines: A Technological Revolution
Authors: Pecetta Simone , Masignani Vega , Pizza Mariagrazia , Rappuoli Rino
Published: February 2021

The sneaky meningococcus is a bacterium that can cause terrible disease. Development of an effective vaccine has been extremely difficult. Meningococcal vaccines developed in the 1990s are based on the bacterial capsule, a shield that protects the bacteria and that is used to instruct our body to combat this terrible disease. These vaccines work against four types of meningococcus: A, C, W, and Y. However, they do not work against meningococcus B. Scientists had to invent a completely new way to make vaccines, reading the bacterial DNA to search for new protective components. With this new approach, named reverse vaccinology, three new bacterial components were discovered: NadA, NHBA, and fHbp. When combined with a fourth component (PorA), they form the 4CMenB vaccine. This vaccine has reduced meningococcal disease in infants by 75% in the UK. Today, 4CMenB protects children all around the world.
Trends in Soil Microbial Inoculants Research: A Science Mapping Approach to Unravel Strengths and Weaknesses of Their Application
Authors: Canfora Loredana , Costa Corrado , Pallottino Federico , Mocali Stefano
Published: February 2021

Microbial inoculants are widely accepted as potential alternatives or complements to chemical fertilizers and pesticides in agriculture. However, there remains a lack of knowledge regarding their application and effects under field conditions. Thus, a quantitative description of the scientific literature related to soil microbial inoculants was conducted, adopting a science mapping approach to observe trends, strengths, and weaknesses of their application during the period of 2000–2020 and providing useful insights for future research. Overall, the study retrieved 682 publications with an increasing number during the 2015–2020 period, confirming China, India, and the U.S. as leading countries in microbial inoculants research. Over the last decade, the research field emphasized the use of microbial consortia rather than single strains, with increasing attention paid to sustainability and environmental purposes by means of multidisciplinary approaches. Among the emerging topics, terms such as “persistence” indicate the actual need for detecting and monitoring the persistence and fate of soil microbial inoculants. On the other hand, the low occurrence of terms related to failed studies as well as formulation processes may have limited the overall comprehension of the real potential of microbial inoculants to date. In conclusion, successful application of soil microbial inoculants in agriculture requires filling the fundamental knowledge gaps related to the processes that govern dynamics and interactions of the inoculants with soil and its native microbiota.
An NSGA-II Algorithm with Adaptive Local Search for a New Double-Row Model Solution to a Multi-Floor Hospital Facility Layout Problem
Authors: Huo Jiazhen , Liu Jing , Gao Hong
Published: February 2021

A well-designed hospital facility layout planning process will enable improvements in operational efficiency, health outcomes, and patients’ medical experience. Older hospital facility layouts are likely to be based only on their designer’s experience, extant legal regulations, and other historical constraints. In this paper, we propose a solution to a multi-floor hospital facility layout problem in a hospital in Shanghai, China, based on a double-row model in which all departments are arranged into two rows on each floor. In this model, some fixed facilities are also taken into consideration. Two objectives, namely minimizing the total movement distance of patients and maximizing the total closeness rating score, are considered. An NSGA-II (nondominated sorting genetic algorithm II) algorithm with an adaptive local search operator has been developed to search for Pareto-optimal solutions. Experimental results show that our algorithm is able to solve model requirements successfully, the local search operator performs well, and the obtained results outperform the present layout in both the objectives.
Catalyst Stability—Bottleneck of Efficient Catalytic Pyrolysis
Authors: Grams Jacek , Ruppert Agnieszka M.
Published: February 2021

The pyrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most promising methods of alternative fuels production. However, due to the low selectivity of this process, the quality of the obtained bio-oil is usually not satisfactory and does not allow for its direct use as an engine fuel. Therefore, there is a need to apply catalysts able to upgrade the composition of the mixture of pyrolysis products. Unfortunately, despite the increase in the efficiency of the thermal decomposition of biomass, the catalysts undergo relatively fast deactivation and their stability can be considered a bottleneck of efficient pyrolysis of lignocellulosic feedstock. Therefore, solving the problem of catalyst stability is extremely important. Taking that into account, we presented, in this review, the most important reasons for catalyst deactivation, including coke formation, sintering, hydrothermal instability, and catalyst poisoning. Moreover, we discussed the progress in the development of methods leading to an increase in the stability of the catalysts of lignocellulosic biomass pyrolysis and strengthening their resistance to deactivation.
Patient Derived Xenografts for Genome-Driven Therapy of Osteosarcoma
Authors: Landuzzi Lorena , Manara Maria Cristina , Lollini Pier-Luigi , Scotlandi Katia
Published: February 2021

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a rare malignant primary tumor of mesenchymal origin affecting bone. It is characterized by a complex genotype, mainly due to the high frequency of chromothripsis, which leads to multiple somatic copy number alterations and structural rearrangements. Any effort to design genome-driven therapies must therefore consider such high inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity. Therefore, many laboratories and international networks are developing and sharing OS patient-derived xenografts (OS PDX) to broaden the availability of models that reproduce OS complex clinical heterogeneity. OS PDXs, and new cell lines derived from PDXs, faithfully preserve tumor heterogeneity, genetic, and epigenetic features and are thus valuable tools for predicting drug responses. Here, we review recent achievements concerning OS PDXs, summarizing the methods used to obtain ectopic and orthotopic xenografts and to fully characterize these models. The availability of OS PDXs across the many international PDX platforms and their possible use in PDX clinical trials are also described. We recommend the coupling of next-generation sequencing (NGS) data analysis with functional studies in OS PDXs, as well as the setup of OS PDX clinical trials and co-clinical trials, to enhance the predictive power of experimental evidence and to accelerate the clinical translation of effective genome-guided therapies for this aggressive disease.
Aggregating Knockoffs for False Discovery Rate Control with an Application to Gut Microbiome Data
Authors: Xie Fang , Lederer Johannes
Published: February 2021

Recent discoveries suggest that our gut microbiome plays an important role in our health and wellbeing. However, the gut microbiome data are intricate; for example, the microbial diversity in the gut makes the data high-dimensional. While there are dedicated high-dimensional methods, such as the lasso estimator, they always come with the risk of false discoveries. Knockoffs are a recent approach to control the number of false discoveries. In this paper, we show that knockoffs can be aggregated to increase power while retaining sharp control over the false discoveries. We support our method both in theory and simulations, and we show that it can lead to new discoveries on microbiome data from the American Gut Project. In particular, our results indicate that several phyla that have been overlooked so far are associated with obesity.
Energy and Economic Assessment of Energy Efficiency Options for Energy Districts: Case Studies in Italy and Egypt
Authors: Calise Francesco , Cappiello Francesco L. , Vicidomini Maria , Song Jian , Pantaleo Antonio M. , Abdelhady Suzan , Shaban Ahmed , Markides Christos N.
Published: February 2021

In this research, a technoeconomic comparison of energy efficiency options for energy districts located in different climatic areas (Naples, Italy and Fayoum, Egypt) is presented. A dynamic simulation model based on TRNSYS is developed to evaluate the different energy efficiency options, which includes different buildings of conceived districts. The TRNSYS model is integrated with the plug-in Google SketchUp TRNSYS3d to estimate the thermal load of the buildings and the temporal variation. The model considers the unsteady state energy balance and includes all the features of the building’s envelope. For the considered climatic zones and for the different energy efficiency measures, primary energy savings, pay back periods and reduced CO2 emissions are evaluated. The proposed energy efficiency options include a district heating system for hot water supply, air-to-air conventional heat pumps for both cooling and space heating of the buildings and the integration of photovoltaic and solar thermal systems. The energy actions are compared to baseline scenarios, where the hot water and space heating demand is satisfied by conventional natural gas boilers, the cooling demand is met by conventional air-to-air vapor compression heat pumps and the electric energy demand is satisfied by the power grid. The simulation results provide valuable guidance for selecting the optimal designs and system configurations, as well as suggest guidelines to policymakers to define decarbonization targets in different scenarios. The scenario of Fayoum offers a savings of 67% in primary energy, but the associated payback period extends to 23 years due to the lower cost of energy in comparison to Naples.
Simulation and Analysis of Floodlighting Based on 3D Computer Graphics
Authors: Krupiński Rafał
Published: February 2021

The paper presents the opportunities to apply computer graphics in an object floodlighting design process and in an analysis of object illumination. The course of object floodlighting design has been defined based on a virtual three-dimensional geometric model. The problems related to carrying out the analysis of lighting, calculating the average illuminance, luminance levels and determining the illuminated object surface area are also described. These parameters are directly tied with the calculations of the Floodlighting Utilisation Factor, and therefore, with the energy efficiency of the design as well as the aspects of light pollution of the natural environment. The paper shows how high an impact of the geometric model of the object has on the accuracy of photometric calculations. Very often the model contains the components that should not be taken into account in the photometric calculations. The research on what influence the purity of the geometric mesh of the illuminated object has on the obtained results is presented. It shows that the errors can be significant, but it is possible to optimise the 3D object model appropriately in order to receive the precise results. For the example object presented in this paper, removing the planes that do not constitute its external surface has caused a two-fold increase in the average illuminance and average luminance. This is dangerous because a designer who wants to achieve a specific average luminance level in their design without optimizing the model will obtain the luminance values that will actually be much higher.
Biodiversity of Oenological Lactic Acid Bacteria: Species- and Strain-Dependent Plus/Minus Effects on Wine Quality and Safety
Authors: Capozzi Vittorio , Tufariello Maria , De Simone Nicola , Fragasso Mariagiovanna , Grieco Francesco
Published: February 2021

Winemaking depends on several elaborate biochemical processes that see as protagonist either yeasts or lactic acid bacteria (LAB) of oenological interest. In particular, LAB have a fundamental role in determining the quality chemical and aromatic properties of wine. They are essential not only for malic acid conversion, but also for producing several desired by-products due to their important enzymatic activities that can release volatile aromatic compounds during malolactic fermentation (e.g., esters, carbonyl compounds, thiols, monoterpenes). In addition, LAB in oenology can act as bioprotectors and reduce the content of undesired compounds. On the other hand, LAB can affect wine consumers’ health, as they can produce harmful compounds such as biogenic amines and ethyl carbamate under certain conditions during fermentation. Several of these positive and negative properties are species- and strain-dependent characteristics. This review focuses on these aspects, summarising the current state of knowledge on LAB’s oenological diversity, and highlighting their influence on the final product’s quality and safety. All our reported information is of high interest in searching new candidate strains to design starter cultures, microbial resources for traditional/typical products, and green solutions in winemaking. Due to the continuous interest in LAB as oenological bioresources, we also underline the importance of inoculation timing. The considerable variability among LAB species/strains associated with spontaneous consortia and the continuous advances in the characterisation of new species/strains of interest for applications in the wine sector suggest that the exploitation of biodiversity belonging to this heterogeneous group of bacteria is still rising.
Paleoceanographic Perturbations and the Marine Carbonate System during the Middle to Late Miocene Carbonate Crash—A Critical Review
Authors: Preiss-Daimler Inga , Zarkogiannis Stergios D. , Kontakiotis George , Henrich Rüdiger , Antonarakou Assimina
Published: February 2021

This study intends to review and assess the middle to late Miocene Carbonate Crash (CC) events in the low to mid latitudes of the Pacific, Indian, Caribbean and Atlantic Oceans as part of the global paleoceanographic reorganisations between 12 and 9 Ma with an emphasis on record preservation and their relation to mass accumulation rates (MAR). In the Eastern Pacific the accumulation changes in carbonate and opal probably reflect an El-Niño-like state of low productivity, which marks the beginning of the CC-event (11.5 Ma), followed by decreased preservation and influx of corrosive bottom waters (10.3 to 10.1 Ma). At the same time in the Atlantic, carbonate preservation considerably increases, suggesting basin-to-basin fractionation. The low-latitude Indian Ocean, the Pacific and the Caribbean are all characterised by a similar timing of preservation increase starting at ~9.6–9.4 Ma, while their MARs show drastic changes with different timing of events. The Atlantic preservation pattern shows an increase as early as 11.5 Ma and becomes even better after 10.1 Ma. The shallow Indian Ocean (Mascarene plateau) is characterised by low carbonate accumulation throughout and increasing preservation after 9.4 Ma. At the same time, the preservation in the Atlantic, including the Caribbean, is increasing due to enhanced North Atlantic deep-water formation, leading to the increase in carbonate accumulation at 10 Ma. Moreover, the shoaling of the Central American Isthmus might have helped to enhance Caribbean preservation after 9.4 Ma. Lower nannoplankton productivity in the Atlantic should have additionally contributed to low mass accumulation rates during the late CC-interval. Overall, it can be inferred that these carbonate minima events during the Miocene may be the result of decreased surface ocean productivity and oceanographically driven increased seafloor dissolution.
Commitment, Dominance, and Mate Value: Power Bases in Long-Term Heterosexual Couples
Authors: Lindová Jitka , Habešová Tereza , Klapilová Kateřina , Havlíček Jan
Published: February 2021

We assessed the relative contribution of economic, personal, and affective power bases to perceived relationship power. Based on evolutionary studies, we predicted that personality dominance and mate value should represent alternative personal power bases. Our sample was comprised of 84 Czech heterosexual couples. We measured the economic power base using self-report scales assessing education, income and work status. Personal power bases were assessed using self-report measures of personality dominance (International Personality Item Pool Dominance and Assertiveness subscale from NEO Personality Inventory-Revised Extraversion scale), and partner-report measures of mate value (Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, factors 2–6). The first factor of Trait-Specific Dependence Inventory, which measures agreeableness/commitment was used to assess the affective power base. Our results show that perceived relationship power is associated with a perception of partner’s high agreeableness/commitment. Moreover, women’s personality dominance and mate value are also linked with perceived relationship power, which supports our evolutionary prediction of dominance and mate value working as power bases for women. The stronger effect of women’s than men’s power bases may be due to gender differences in investment into relationships and/or due to transition to more equal relationships currently sought by women in the Czech Republic.
Can Working Conditions and Employees’ Mental Health Be Improved via Job Stress Interventions Designed and Implemented by Line Managers and Human Resources on an Operational Level?
Authors: Akerstrom Magnus , Corin Linda , Severin Jonathan , Jonsdottir Ingibjörg H. , Björk Lisa
Published: February 2021

Organisational-level interventions are recommended for decreasing sickness absence, but knowledge of the optimal design and implementation of such interventions is scarce. We collected data on working conditions, motivation, health, employee turnover, and sickness absence among participants in a large-scale organisational-level intervention comprising measures designed and implemented by line managers and their human resources partners (i.e., operational-level). Information regarding the process, including the implementation of measures, was retrieved from a separate process evaluation, and the intervention effects were investigated using mixed-effects models. Data from reference groups were used to separate the intervention effect from the effects of other concurrent changes at the workplace. Overall, working conditions and motivation improved during the study for both the intervention and reference groups, but an intervention effect was only seen for two of 13 evaluated survey items: clearness of objectives (p = 0.02) and motivation (p = 0.06). No changes were seen in employees’ perceived health, and there were no overall intervention effects on employee turnover or sickness absence. When using operational-level workplace interventions to improve working conditions and employees’ health, efforts must be made to achieve a high measure-to-challenge correspondence; that is, the implemented measures must be a good match to the problems that they are intended to address.
No Apparent Increase in Treatment Uptake for Gambling Disorder during Ten Months of the COVID-19 Pandemic—Analysis of a Regional Specialized Treatment Unit in Sweden
Authors: Håkansson Anders , Åkesson Gunny , Grudet Cécile , Broman Niroshani
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic and its impact on society has been suspected to affect gambling behaviors. Potentially, the pandemic crisis may result in increased problem gambling, for example, due to COVID-19-related psychological distress, unemployment, and financial difficulties. In addition, the cancellation of sports in early parts of the crisis has been suspected to alter gambling behaviors. Policy makers have called for action and, in some cases, have changed regulations, and media have reported possible increases in treatment seeking. However, research data are hitherto lacking. The present study assessed the treatment uptake at a regional specialized gambling-disorder unit in the healthcare system of Region Skåne, Sweden. Number of patients, treatment contacts, and patterns of rescheduling or cancellations of appointments were quantified for each month, January–December 2020, and compared to corresponding months of 2018 and 2019. Possible trends were analyzed, using an interrupted time-series analysis. Results did not indicate an increase in treatment uptake for gambling disorder during the months of COVID-19 impact in Sweden. The proportion of digital treatment increased, but total treatment uptake was unaffected by the pandemic. In conclusion, during the first ten months of the pandemic in Sweden, no obvious increase in treatment uptake for gambling disorder could be seen. Moreover, longer follow-up may be necessary in order to see if effects of worsening socioeconomic conditions may be a possible long-term risk factor of increased gambling after COVID-19.
The Role of Workplace on Work Participation and Sick Leave after a Terrorist Attack: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Heir Trond , Stokke Elise Hansen , Tvenge Karina Pauline
Published: February 2021

Returning to work after large-scale traumatic events is desirable for employees, their organization, and society. The aim of the present study was to identify work-related factors that are perceived as important for work participation versus sick leave after a terrorist attack. We conducted in-depth interviews of 98 employees in the Norwegian governmental ministries that were the target of the 2011 Oslo bombing. Participants were randomly selected from 2519 employees who had responded to a web-based survey. We used a stratified sampling procedure to ensure inclusion of a wide range of experiences in terms of exposure and stress reactions. Participants were asked what, if any, factors contributed to work participation or sick leave, and which factors made a difference in how quickly people on sick leave returned to work. Thematic analyses provided three themes that stimulate work participation and prevent sick leave: supportive management, the ability of a leader to accept individual needs and help people cope with stress; sense of cohesion, feelings of being close, caring for each other, and working well together; and working as a coping strategy, basic assumptions that it is best to stick to work and familiar routines, or a strong belief in one’s ability to master. A fourth theme, high demands and lack of acceptance, included experiences that promoted an absence from work, such as too much business as usual, management’s lack of priorities for which tasks could be left out, or a lack of recognition of individual needs. The findings point to key factors that workers perceive as important for work participation in the aftermath of a disaster. We suggest that health and productivity benefits can be achieved by organizing work and the work environment in line with these experiences.
Bullying Victimization and Problem Video Gaming: The Mediating Role of Externalizing and Internalizing Problems
Authors: Richard Jérémie , Marchica Loredana , Ivoska William , Derevensky Jeffrey
Published: February 2021

Background: Adolescent victims of bullying are more likely to experience a range of mental health problems. Although research has investigated the relationship between bullying victimization and various addictive behaviors, the impact of bullying on problem video gaming (PVG) remains largely unexplored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between bullying victimization and PVG as mediated by the presence of internalizing and externalizing problems. Methods: Survey responses were collected from 6353 high-school students aged 12 to 18. Measures include bullying victimization (physical, verbal, cyber and indirect), internalizing (e.g., anxious and depressive symptoms) and externalizing (e.g., aggressive and delinquent problems) problems, and PVG (measured by the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale–Short Form). Results: Mediation analyses indicated that the relationship between verbal bullying and PVG was completely mediated by the presence of internalizing and externalizing problems. The relationship between physical bullying and PVG was completely mediated by externalizing problems and the relationship between cyberbullying and PVG was completely mediated by internalizing problems. Lastly, the relationship between indirect bullying and PVG was partially mediated by externalizing and internalizing problems. Conclusions: Results suggest that different types of bullying victimization are differentially associated with PVG, with mental health symptoms significantly mediating this relationship.
Changes in Smoking Behaviour and Home-Smoking Rules during the Initial COVID-19 Lockdown Period in Israel
Authors: Bar-Zeev Yael , Shauly Michal , Lee Hannah , Neumark Yehuda
Published: February 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has caused devastating impacts globally. To mitigate virus spread, Israel imposed severe restrictions during March–April 2020. An online cross-sectional survey was conducted in April 2020 among current and ex-smokers to explore changes in smoking behaviour and home-smoking rules during this period. Bivariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression examined associations between sociodemographic characteristics and perceived risk of infection and quitting smoking during the initial COVID-19 period. Current smoking was reported by 437 (66.2%) of the 660 participants, 46 (7%) quit during the initial restriction period, and 177 (26.8%) were ex-smokers. Nearly half (44.4%) of current smokers intensified their smoking, and 16% attempted to quit. Quitting during the COVID-19 period was significantly associated with higher education (adjusted odds ratio (aOR): 1.97, 95% CI: 1.0–3.8), not living with a smoker (aOR: 2.18, 95% CI: 1.0–4.4), and having an underlying chronic condition that increases risk for COVID-19 complications (aOR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.1–4.6). Both an increase in smoking behaviour and in attempts to quit smoking during the initial COVID-19 pandemic were evident in this sample of adult Israeli smokers. Governments need to use this opportunity to encourage smokers to attempt quitting and create smoke-free homes, especially during lockdown conditions, while providing mental and social support to all smokers.
Emerging Immunotherapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia
Authors: Tabata Rikako , Chi SungGi , Yuda Junichiro , Minami Yosuke
Published: February 2021

Several immune checkpoint molecules and immune targets in leukemic cells have been investigated. Recent studies have suggested the potential clinical benefits of immuno-oncology (IO) therapy against acute myeloid leukemia (AML), especially targeting CD33, CD123, and CLL-1, as well as immune checkpoint inhibitors (e.g., anti-PD (programmed cell death)-1 and anti-CTLA4 (cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4) antibodies) with or without conventional chemotherapy. Early-phase clinical trials of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T or natural killer (NK) cells for relapsed/refractory AML showed complete remission (CR) or marked reduction of marrow blasts in a few enrolled patients. Bi-/tri-specific antibodies (e.g., bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) and dual-affinity retargeting (DART)) exhibited 11–67% CR rates with 13–78% risk of cytokine-releasing syndrome (CRS). Conventional chemotherapy in combination with anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA4 antibody for relapsed/refractory AML showed 10–36% CR rates with 7–24 month-long median survival. The current advantages of IO therapy in the field of AML are summarized herein. However, although cancer vaccination should be included in the concept of IO therapy, it is not mentioned in this review because of the paucity of relevant evidence.
The Multiomics Analyses of Fecal Matrix and Its Significance to Coeliac Disease Gut Profiling
Authors: Gangadoo Sheeana , Rajapaksha Pathirannahalage Piumie , Cheeseman Samuel , Dang Yen Thi Hoang , Elbourne Aaron , Cozzolino Daniel , Latham Kay , Truong Vi Khanh , Chapman James
Published: February 2021

Gastrointestinal (GIT) diseases have risen globally in recent years, and early detection of the host’s gut microbiota, typically through fecal material, has become a crucial component for rapid diagnosis of such diseases. Human fecal material is a complex substance composed of undigested macromolecules and particles, and the processing of such matter is a challenge due to the unstable nature of its products and the complexity of the matrix. The identification of these products can be used as an indication for present and future diseases; however, many researchers focus on one variable or marker looking for specific biomarkers of disease. Therefore, the combination of genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics and metabonomics can give a detailed and complete insight into the gut environment. The proper sample collection, sample preparation and accurate analytical methods play a crucial role in generating precise microbial data and hypotheses in gut microbiome research, as well as multivariate data analysis in determining the gut microbiome functionality in regard to diseases. This review summarizes fecal sample protocols involved in profiling coeliac disease.
Validation of a Three-Dimensional Head and Neck Spheroid Model to Evaluate Cameras for NIR Fluorescence-Guided Cancer Surgery
Authors: Egloff-Juras Claire , Yakavets Ilya , Scherrer Victoria , Francois Aurélie , Bezdetnaya Lina , Lassalle Henri-Pierre , Dolivet Gilles
Published: February 2021

Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence-guided surgery is an innovative technique for the real-time visualization of resection margins. The aim of this study was to develop a head and neck multicellular tumor spheroid model and to explore the possibilities offered by it for the evaluation of cameras for NIR fluorescence-guided surgery protocols. FaDu spheroids were incubated with indocyanine green (ICG) and then included in a tissue-like phantom. To assess the capability of Fluobeam® NIR camera to detect ICG in tissues, FaDu spheroids exposed to ICG were embedded in 2, 5 or 8 mm of tissue-like phantom. The fluorescence signal was significantly higher between 2, 5 and 8 mm of depth for spheroids treated with more than 5 µg/mL ICG (p < 0.05). The fluorescence intensity positively correlated with the size of spheroids (p < 0.01), while the correlation with depth in the tissue-like phantom was strongly negative (p < 0.001). This multicellular spheroid model embedded in a tissue-like phantom seems to be a simple and reproducible in vitro tumor model, allowing a comparison of NIR cameras. The ideal configuration seems to be 450 μm FaDu spheroids incubated for 24 hours with 0.05 mg/ml of ICG, ensuring the best stability, toxicity, incorporation and signal intensity.