bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structural Characterization and Immunoenhancing Properties of Polysaccharide CPTM-P1 from Taxus media
Authors: Fan Jiangtao , Huang Xiong , Dou Mengke , Tang Shuqin , Wang Gang , Fan Yijun , Luo Aoxue , Wang Gang , Wang Yong
Published: March 2024

Polysaccharides extracted from Taxus media hrough an aqueous method were further refined by removing proteins via the Sevag technique and purified by dialysis. The separation of these polysaccharides was accomplished using a DEAE-cellulose chromatog-raphy column, yielding two distinct fractions, named CPTM-P1 and CPTM-P2. Notably, CPTM-P1 emerged as the primary polysaccharide component within Taxus media. Consequently, a comprehensive analysis focusing exclusively on CPTM-P1 was undertaken. The molecular weight of CPTM-P1 was established through gel permeation chromatography (GPC), and its monosaccharide composition was deciphered using HPLC-MS. The structure was further elucidated through nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The molecular weight of CPTM-P1 was determined to be 968.7 kDa. The monosaccharide composition consisted of galactose (Gal), arabinose (Ara), galacturonic acid (Gal-UA), glucose (Glc), rhamnose (Rha), xylose (Xyl), mannose (Man), fucose (Fuc), glucuronic acid (Glc-UA), and ribose (Rib). The proportional distribution of these components was 30.53%, 22.00%, 5.63%, 11.67%, 11.93%, 1.69%, 8.50%, 1.23%, 5.63%, and 1.17%, respectively. This confirmed CPTM-P1 as an acidic heteropolysaccharide with a glycuronic acid backbone. Moreover, CPTM-P1 showed immunoenhancing properties, effectively augmenting the secretion of nitric oxide and cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6). Additionally, it significantly enhances the phagocytic capacity of RAW264.7 cells. These findings underscore the potential application of these polysaccharides in functional foods and pharmaceuticals, providing a solid scientific basis for further exploration and utilization of Taxus media polysaccharides.
Technofunctional Properties and Rheological Behavior of Quinoa, Kiwicha, Wheat Flours and Their Mixtures
Authors: Jamanca-Gonzales Nicodemo C. , Ocrospoma-Dueñas Robert W. , Eguilas-Caushi Yolanda M. , Padilla-Fabian Rossy A. , Silva-Paz Reynaldo J.
Published: March 2024

Wheat flour is a common raw material in the food industry; however, Andean grains, such as quinoa and kiwicha, are gaining popularity due to their quality proteins, fiber, and bioactive compounds. A trend has been observed toward the enrichment of products with these Andean flours, with them even being used to develop gluten-free foods. However, evaluating interactions between raw materials during industrial processes can be complicated due to the diversity of inputs. This study focused on evaluating the technofunctional and rheological properties of wheat, quinoa and kiwicha flours using a simple lattice mixture design. Seven treatments were obtained, including pure flours and ternary mixtures. Analyses of particle size distribution, water absorption index, subjective water absorption capacity, soluble material index, swelling power, apparent density and physicochemical properties were performed. Additionally, color analysis, photomicrographs and Raman spectroscopy were carried out. The results indicate significant differences in properties such as particle size, water absorption and rheological properties between the flours and their mixtures. Variations in color and microstructure were observed, while Raman spectroscopy provided information on molecular composition. These findings contribute to the understanding of the behavior of Andean flours in baking and pastry making, facilitating their application in innovative food products.
Neurotensin (8-13) and Neuromedin N Neuropeptides Radiolabelling with Copper-64 Produced on Solid or Liquid Targets
Authors: Cocioabă Diana , Fonseca Alexandra I. , Leonte Radu , Hrynchak Ivanna , Tudoroiu-Cornoiu Roxana , do Carmo Sergio J. C. , Burghelea Bogdan , Băruță Simona , Almeida Ana Rita , Șerban Radu , Dinischiotu Anca , Abrunhosa Antero J. , Niculae Dana
Published: March 2024

On the verge of a theranostic approach to personalised medicine, copper-64 is one of the emerging radioisotopes in nuclear medicine due to its exploitable nuclear and biochemical characteristics. The increased demand for copper-64 for preclinical and clinical studies has prompted the development of production routes. This research aims to compare the (p,n) reaction on nickel-64 solid versus liquid targets and evaluate the effectiveness of [64Cu]CuCl2 solutions prepared by the two routes. As new treatments for neurotensin receptor-overexpressing tumours have developed, copper-64 was used to radiolabel Neurotensin (8-13) and Neuromedin N. High-quality [64Cu]CuCl2 solutions were prepared using ACSI TR-19 and IBA Cyclone Kiube cyclotrons. The radiochemical purity after post-irradiation processing reached 99% (LT) and 99.99% (ST), respectively. The irradiation of a solid target with 11.8 MeV protons and 150 μAh led to 704 ± 84 MBq/μA (17.6 ± 2.1 GBq/batch at EOB). At the end of the purification process (1 h, 90.90% activity yield), the solution for peptide radiolabelling had a radioactive concentration of 1340.4 ± 70.1 MBq/mL (n.d.c.). The irradiation of a liquid target with 16.9 MeV protons and 230 μAh resulted in 3.7 ± 0.2 GBq/batch at EOB, which corresponds to an experimental production yield of 6.89 GBq.cm3/(g.µA)sat. Benefiting from a shorter purification process (40 min), the activity yielded 90.87%, while the radioactive concentration of the radiolabelling solution was lower (492 MBq/mL, n.d.c.). The [64Cu]CuCl2 solutions were successfully used for the radiolabelling of DOTA-NT(8-13) and DOTA-NN neuropeptides, resulting in a high RCP (>99%) and high molar activity (27.2 and 26.4 GBq/μmol for LT route compared to 45 and 52 GBq/μmol for ST route, respectively). The strong interaction between the [64Cu]Cu-DOTA-NT(8-13) and the colon cancerous cell lines HT29 and HCT116 proved that the specificity for NTR had not been altered, as shown by the uptake and retention data.
Efficient and Selective Removal of Palladium from Simulated High-Level Liquid Waste Using a Silica-Based Adsorbent NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P
Authors: Shi Jiaxuan , Wang Junli , Wang Wentao , Wu Xuan , Wang Hui , Li Jianwei
Published: March 2024

In order to realize the effective separation of palladium from high-level liquid waste (HLLW), a ligand-supported adsorbent (NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P) was prepared by the impregnation method in a vacuum. The SiO2-P carrier was synthesized by in situ polymerization of divinylbenzene and styrene monomers on a macroporous silica skeleton. The NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P adsorbent was fabricated by impregnating an NTAamide(C8) ligand into the pore of a SiO2-P carrier under a vacuum condition. The adsorption performance of NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P in nitric acid medium has been systematically studied. In a solution of 0.2 M HNO3, the distribution coefficient of Pd on NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P was 1848 mL/g with an adsorption percentage of 90.24%. With the concentration of nitric acid increasing, the adsorption capacity of NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P decreases. Compared to the other 10 potential interfering ions in fission products, NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P exhibited excellent adsorption selectivity for Pd(II). The separation factor (SFPd/other metals > 77.8) is significantly higher than that of similar materials. The interference of NaNO3 had a negligible effect on the adsorption performance of NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P, which maintained above 90%. The adsorption kinetics of Pd(II) adsorption on NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P fits well with the pseudo-second order model. The Sips model is more suitable than the Langmuir and Freundlich model for describing the adsorption behavior. Thermodynamic analysis showed that the adsorption of Pd(II) on NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P was a spontaneous, endothermic, and rapid process. NTAamide(C8)/SiO2-P also demonstrated good reusability and economic feasibility.
A Multiomics Assessment of Preoperative Exercise in Pancreatic Cancer Survivors Receiving Neoadjuvant Therapy: A Case Series
Authors: Nemkov Travis , Cendali Francesca , Dzieciatkowska Monika , Stephenson Daniel , Hansen Kirk C. , Jankowski Catherine M. , D’Alessandro Angelo , Marker Ryan J.
Published: March 2024

To molecularly characterize the impact of exercise on mitigating neoadjuvant treatment (NAT)-induced physical decline in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, a multi-omics approach was employed for the analysis of plasma samples before and after a personalized exercise intervention. Consisting of personalized aerobic and resistance exercises, this intervention was associated with significant molecular changes that correlated with improvements in lean mass, appendicular skeletal muscle index (ASMI), and performance in the 400-m walk test (MWT) and sit-to-stand test. These alterations indicated exercise-induced modulation of inflammation and mitochondrial function markers. This case study provides proof-of-principal application for multiomics-based assessments of supervised exercise, thereby supporting this intervention as a feasible and beneficial intervention for PDAC patients to potentially enhance treatment response and patient quality of life. The molecular changes observed here underscore the importance of physical activity in cancer treatment protocols, advocating for the development of accessible multiomics-guided exercise programs for cancer patients.
Preface to Special Issue: Drug Transporters: Regulation and Roles in Therapeutic Strategies
Authors: You Guofeng
Published: March 2024

Drug transporters are membrane proteins, mediating, across cell membranes, the absorption, distribution, and excretion of a diverse array of endogenous and exogenous substances such as nutrients, metabolites, toxins, and drugs [...]
Vertebrate Pollination of Angiosperms in the Mediterranean Area: A Review
Authors: Valdés Benito
Published: March 2024

For a long time, it was considered that entomogamy was the only pollination mechanism in the Mediterranean area. However, data recorded in this review prove that ornithogamy and saurogamy also take place. With the exception of the nectarivorous Cinnyris osea (Nectariniidae) which pollinates the mistletoe Picosepalus acaciae in Israel, all birds responsible for the pollination of several plant species in this area are primarily insectivorous, sedentary, or migrating passerine birds, particularly Sylvia atricapilla, S. melanocephala, Phylloscopus collibita and Parus caeruleus. They contribute, together with insects, to the pollination of Anagyris foetida, three species of Scrophularia with big flowers, Rhamnus alaternus, Brassica oleracea, and some other plants. The lacertid lizard Podarcis lilfordi acts as a pollinating agent on several W Mediterranean islands, where it effectively pollinates Euphorbia dendroides, Cneorum tricocum, and presumably Rosmarinus officinalis and Chrithmum maritimum. The flowers of some other plant species are visited by birds or by Podarcis species in the Mediterranean area, where they could also contribute to their pollination.
A Novel Control Strategy for Soft Open Point to Address Terminal Voltage Violations and Load Rate Imbalance in Low-Voltage Power Distribution Station Areas
Authors: Yang Zhichun , Min Huaidong , Yang Fan , Lei Yang , He Xiangling , Sun Haichang , Tang Xu
Published: March 2024

In low-voltage power distribution station areas (DSAs), sensor devices and communication networks are often inadequate. Therefore, the control strategies mainly used for soft open points (SOPs) based on global information in medium-voltage distribution networks are difficult to be directly applied to low-voltage DSAs. This paper proposes a novel control strategy for SOP that only requires collecting the local information of SOP and the load rate of transformers. It aims to address the issues faced of voltage violations at the end of feeders and the load rate imbalance among adjacent DSAs under the current high penetration of renewable energy sources. In this paper, first, a sensor network consisting of sensor devices located at the transformers and each port of the SOP is introduced for information collection. Then, based on the sensitivity relationship between the node voltage and the injected power, considering capacity and voltage safety constraints, the adjustable range of the active power output for each port of the SOP is derived. According to this range, the operating states of the DSAs are categorized into four scenarios. For each scenario, the adjustment amount of SOP output power is determined to achieve comprehensive regulation of terminal voltage and load rate of all DSAs interconnected by SOP. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy is verified based on a simulation model of three flexible interconnected DSAs established in MATLAB/Simulink.
Quality of Life in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: The Role of Posttraumatic Anhedonia and Depressive Symptoms in a Treatment-Seeking Community Sample
Authors: Miller Craig R. , McDonald James E. , Grau Peter P. , Wetterneck Chad T.
Published: March 2024

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with functional impairment and poor quality of life (QoL) across multiple domains, such as social functioning, occupational and educational attainment, physical health, and overall life satisfaction and wellbeing. Yet, there is limited evidence for which PTSD symptom clusters may be more strongly associated with functional impairment and decreased QoL. We used a seven-factor model of PTSD (re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations, anhedonia, externalizing, dysphoric arousal, and anxious arousal) to predict QoL using a latent regression model in a sample (N = 537) of adult patients participating in exposure-based PTSD partial hospitalization programs (PHP). QoL was measured by the Quality-of-Life Satisfaction Questionnaire—Short Form (Q-LES-Q-SF). Among posttraumatic symptoms, anhedonia emerged as the only significant predictor in the model (β = −8.60, SE = 3.02, p = 0.004), when controlling for depression scores. The overall model accounted for 40% of the variance in QoL. Depression was also significantly associated with QoL (β = −1.67, SE = 0.15, p < 0.001), controlling for PTSD symptoms. Our findings are congruent with prior research supporting the role of anhedonia and emotional numbing in functional impairment, yet differ in that other factors of PTSD (e.g., re-experiencing, avoidance, negative alterations) were not significant. Understanding which PTSD symptom clusters are more strongly associated with QoL may inform treatment approaches or allow clinicians to tailor treatments. We discuss implications for treatment and future research.
Multiple-Drug Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing E. coli in Raw Milk of Dairy Bovine
Authors: Ullah Safir , Khan Saeed Ul Hassan , Khan Muhammad Jamil , Khattak Baharullah , Fozia Fozia , Ahmad Ijaz , Wadaan Mohammad Ahmad , Khan Muhammad Farooq , Baabbad Almohannad , Goyal Sagar M.
Published: March 2024

Introduction: Raw milk may contain pathogenic microorganisms harmful to humans, e.g., multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli non-O157:H7, which can cause severe colitis, hemolytic uremia, and meningitis in children. No studies are available on the prevalence of Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC O157:H7) in sick or healthy dairy animals in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan. Aim: This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and detect antibiotic resistance in STEC non-O157:H7 from unpasteurized milk of dairy bovines in this province. Materials and Methods: We collected raw milk samples (n = 800) from dairy farms, street vendors, and milk shops from different parts of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. E. coli was isolated from these samples followed by latex agglutination tests for serotyping. The detection of STEC was conducted phenotypically and confirmed by the detection of virulence genes genotypically. An antibiogram of STEC isolates was performed against 12 antibiotics using the disc diffusion method. Results: A total of 321 (40.12%) samples were found to be positive for E. coli in this study. These samples were processed for the presence of four virulence genes (Stx1, Stx2, ehxA, eae). Forty samples (5.0%) were STEC-positive. Of these, 38%, 25%, 19%, and 18% were positive for Stx1, Stx2, ehxA, and eae, respectively. Genotypically, we found that 1.37% of STEC isolates produced extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and contained the blaCTX M gene. Resistance to various antibiotics ranged from 18% to 77%. Conclusion: This study highlights the risk of virulent and multidrug-resistant STEC non-O157:H7 in raw milk and the need for proper quality surveillance and assurance plans to mitigate the potential public health threat.
Pengaruh Rasio Keuangan terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Food and Beverages yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2021
Authors: Ali  Taupan Muhammad
Published: March 2024

Abstrak

Penelitian Ini Bertujuan Untuk Mengetahui Bagaimana Pengaruh NPM, ROA, ROE, CR, DAR Dan DER Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Perusahaan Food And Beverages Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017 -2021. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian kuantitatif. Dilihat dari sifatnya penelitian ini bersifat deskriptif analisis. Populasi dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari semua perusahaan manufaktur sub sebktor Food and beverages yang terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEI) selama periode 2017 – 2021 yaitu sebanyak 30 perusahaan. Teknik sampling pada penelitian ini menggunakan Teknik purposive sampling dengan toal jumlah sample sebanyak 10 perusahan. Teknik analisis data menggunaka uji asumsi klasi, uji regresi berganda dan uji hipotesis. Hasil penelitian ini adalah secara parsial Net Profit Margin, return on asset dan return on equity berpengaruh positif dan signifikan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Food And Beverages Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017 -2021. secara parsial current ratio, debt to asset ratio dan debt to equity ratio tidak berpengaruh positif dan tidak signifikan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Food And Beverages Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017 -2021. Secara simultan NPM, ROA, ROE, CR, DAR dan DER berpengaruh positif dan signifikan Terhadap Harga Saham Pada Perusahaan Food And Beverages Yang Terdaftar Di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017 -2021. Kkoefisien determinasi (adjusted R2) yang diperoleh sebesar 0,74. Hal ini berarti 74% variabel dependent yaitu harga saham dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel independentnya yaitu net profit margin (X1), current ratio (X2), return on asset (ROA), return on equity (ROE), current ratio (CR), debt to asset ratio (DAR) dan Debt to equity ratio (DER) dan 36% lainnya dapat dijelaskan oleh variabel lain diluar penelitian ini seperti total asset turn over dan lain-lain.

 

Kata kunci : NPM, ROA, ROE, CR, DAR, DER
Pengaruh Ukuran Perusahaan, Profitabilitas, Solvabilitas dan Opini Audit Terhadap Audit Delay
Authors: Cinthya1 Cinthya
Published: March 2024

The time that elapses between the completion of the audit by the auditor and the closing date of the current year's books is referred to as audit delay. The duration of time required for an auditor to complete his audit can indicate an indication of a serious problem. The purpose of this study is to determine the effect on the duration of auditing time (audit delay) that can occur when assessed in terms of profitability, solvency, size of a company and the opinion issued by an auditor. The results of selecting the financial statements of each infrastructure company left 20 out of a total of 58 companies based on the purposive sampling method. In approaching the decision or conclusion of the study test results using a quantitative approach, classical assumption test, and multiple linear regression. The final results of this study on audit delay prove that company size and solvency variables partially show a negative but not significant effect, while profitability and audit opinion have a significant positive effect. Meanwhile, company size, profitability, solvency, and audit opinion simultaneously or together have an effect on audit delay.
Pengaruh Financial Cost dan Comprehensive Income terhadap Non-Interest Bearing Debt Perusahaan Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) Jasa Perbankan PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk.
Authors: Kurniawan T Akmal , Tambunan Friedel , Simarmata Frans A.C.H
Published: March 2024

The research was conducted to comprehensively determine the effect of non-interest bearing debt on financial cost and Comprehensive Income. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach, with a population of SOEs engaged in financial services represented by PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. from several banks in Indonesia. The sampling technique uses a probability sample with a purposive sampling method. In addition, the sample data from this company were 20 from the last five years of PT Bank Rakyat Indonesia (Persero) Tbk's financial reporting. which includes Q1, Q2, Q3, and Q4 (Audited). Data analysis using SmartPLS4 software with the study results showed that the non-interest bearing debt variable significantly affects Comprehensive Income, and financial cost significantly affect Comprehensive Income. However, other factors affect the value of Comprehensive Income, which tends to increase, like pro forma profit. Thus H1, H­2, and H3 are accepted, which means that there is a significant influence between non-interest bearing debt, earnings before tax, and Comprehensive Income.
Real-time Trajectory Planning and Tracking Control of Bionic Underwater Robot in Dynamic Environment
Authors: Ding Feng , Wang Rui , Zhang Tiandong , Zheng Gang , Wu Zhengxing , Wang Shuo
Published: March 2024

In this article, we study the trajectory planning and tracking control of a bionic underwater robot under multiple dynamic obstacles. We first introduce the design of the bionic leopard cabinet underwater robot developed in our lab. Then, we model the trajectory planning problem of the bionic underwater robot by combining its dynamics and physical constraints. Furthermore, we conduct global trajectory planning for bionic underwater robots based on the temporal-spatial Bezier curves. In addition, based on the improved proximal policy optimization, local dynamic obstacle avoidance trajectory replanning is carried out. In addition, we design the fuzzy proportional-integral-derivative controller for tracking control of the planned trajectory. Finally, the effectiveness of the real-time trajectory planning and tracking control method is verified by comparative simulation in dynamic environment and semiphysical simulation of UWSim. Among them, the real-time trajectory planning method has advantages in trajectory length, trajectory smoothness, and planning time. The error of trajectory tracking control method is controlled around 0.2 m.
Use of fuzzy logic for analyzing the socio-economic well-being of the population
Authors: Adam Dorovtsi
Published: March 2024

The article reveals a new approach to the analysis of population welfare using the theory of fuzzy sets. The purpose of the study is to develop and apply a methodology based on fuzzy logic to quantify and analyze the social and economic well-being of citizens. The main task includes the development of a methodological approach, the construction of a model for assessing well-being and the development of recommendations for planning socio-economic strategies. As a solution, the use of fuzzy logic is proposed, which allows better consideration of ambiguities and uncertainties in the data on the well-being of the population. The study presents a detailed description of the developed model, which includes the formation of lin-guistic variables, the definition of term sets, and the development of inference rules. These components allow the model to adapt to different conditions and types of data, providing flexibility and a wide field of application of the method. The study also emphasizes the impor-tance of analyzing factors that affect the well-being of the population, such as household in-come, expenditure on medicine and food, education level, housing conditions, the importance of personal economy and others. The authors indicate the dynamic influence of these factors and the need for their regular updating to increase the accuracy of forecasts. The results of the study demonstrate that the developed model provides more accurate and reasonable fore-casts of the level of socio-economic well-being compared to traditional methods. The ob-tained data can be used to plan socio-economic strategies at the micro and macro levels, con-tributing to the development of effective measures to improve the well-being of the population. The article makes a significant contribution to the development of socio-economic welfare analysis methods, showing the potential of fuzzy logic as a tool for increasing the accuracy of forecasting and developing sound socio-economic policies.
WEB-ORIENTED APPLICATION FOR KEEPING A DENTAL CHRONICLE FOR RECORDING AND ANALYSING THE STATE OF THE ORAL CAVITY
Authors: Viacheslav Spirintsev , Olga Spirintseva , Maria Mykhaylenko
Published: March 2024

A web-based application for keeping dental records is proposed for effective monitoring of the patient's oral cavity. The application provides the opportunity for the patient to keep his own dental history in order to increase the level of responsibility, interest and awareness of the state of his own health, which can be a good motivation. It also increases the level of diagnosis and further treatment by providing access to the entire clinical history of the patient. The client-server architecture model, MVC design template, JavaScript programming language, HTML, SCSS preprocessor, MERN programming stack, which included such modules as MySQL, Express(.js), Node.js, React, were used to implement the application.
THE INFLUENCE OF THE MATERIAL AND THE THICKNESS OF THE INSULATION LAYER ON THE HEAT FLOW THROUGH A MULTI-LAYER EXTERNAL WALL PANEL OF A RESIDENTIAL BUILDING
Authors: Оlеnа Кravets , Karina Makhonina
Published: March 2024

Solved the actual problem of heat flow research through a multi-layer external wall panel of a residential building, depending on the material and thickness of the heat-insulating layer.
Analysis of the efficiency of block frame transmission in IEEE 802.11 computer networks
Authors: Volodymyr Khandetskyi , Nadiia Karpenko
Published: March 2024

In infrastructure schemes of WLANs wireless computer networks, which are based on the use of the DSF (distributed coordination function) function and the CSMA/CA mechanism, the station STA (STAtion) sends a frame if the transmission channel is released after waiting for the end of the DIFS (distributed interframe space) interval and operation of the slot selec-tion mechanism for transmission (backoff mechanism). In case of collisions or damage to the frame by interference, the AP cannot decode the frame and does not send it back to the ACS station. The sending station STA waits for the re-ceipt of a potential ASK before the expiration of the corresponding timeout, and in case of receipt, starts the backoff procedure before transmission. The duration of the slot used in the backoff process depends on the speed of the physical layer technology. To reduce overhead, a transmission mechanism using frame blocks was proposed. This mechanism assumes that a block of frames intended for one recipient can be sent without con-firming the fact of correct reception by the AP access point of each frame separately. In this case, the sender (STA) competes for access to the channel for the first frame of the block. If it wins the access competition, the transmission of the first frame begins, and after receiving the ACK acknowledgment for it and a short SIFS separation interval, the STA transmits a whole block of frames, which is accompanied by a BAR service frame. The mechanism of frames block transmission in wireless computer networks IEEE 802.11 DCF with infrastructure topology has been analyzed. In protected mode, the depend-encies of network throughput on data transmission rate and the number of frames in a block are determined. It is shown that the mechanism of block transmission significantly increases the network throughput, especially in the range of higher transmission rates. With a marked increase in the intensity of interference the transmission of blocks becomes more complicated. Already with BER=10^-6 and the frames number of the order of 10 and more, in some cases there is a need to retransmit distorted in a block frames, and at BER=10^-5 there are many re-transmissions, so the resulting network throughput becomes small.
Energy consumption of the school under conditions of partial occupancy for different heating modes
Authors: Inna Bilous , Holubenko Oleksandr
Published: March 2024

The challenges facing the Ukrainian education system, particularly in light of demo-graphic changes and the impact of war, are examined in this research. It highlights the poten-tial for optimizing the operation modes of school buildings under conditions of partial occu-pancy to reduce energy consumption and ensure comfortable conditions for students. Energy modeling analysis using DesignBuilder software shows that the configuration of classrooms significantly impacts the energy efficiency of buildings. The best results for energy efficiency were achieved with rooms stacked on top of each other, outperforming the variant with three rooms on the middle floor by 22.3%, and mixed configurations by 8.5% and 16%. This efficiency is due to minimized contact with unheated premises and maximized solar heat gains. However, without appropriate building upgrades, the use of limited spaces may not provide adequate comfort conditions in colder periods. For the rooms studied (45-48m^2), the required heating device capacity to maintain comfortable conditions varies from 7.5 to 10.5 kW, depending on the level of insulation, which is 3-5 times more than the standard capacity for such spaces. Providing comfortable conditions without upgrading the heating system in cold periods is unfeasible, even with high levels of building insulation and a constant heating schedule. Therefore, implementing partial use of school buildings, despite their high potential for en-ergy savings, cannot satisfy student comfort needs without corresponding improvements. Future research could provide a foundation for developing comprehensive strategies for managing school spaces, considering variable building usage conditions and ensuring an optimal combination of energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and comfort for students and staff. The findings can be useful for school administrations, local educational authorities, and policymakers in education and energy efficiency. Further studies are suggested to explore the impact of internal wall insulation, increased heating device capacity, and heating uncondi-tioned rooms to a certain temperature level on energy efficiency and comfort conditions in occupied spaces.
RESEARCH ON SYNCHRONIZATION AND DATA PROTECTION PROBLEMS IN IMPLEMENTING MULTITHREADED PROGRAMS
Authors: Oleg Zhulkovskyi , Inna Zhulkovska , Victoria Kostenko , Olha Bulhakova
Published: March 2024

The issue of shared data usage by threads is especially relevant in modern multi-core and multiprocessor systems. The main problems of implementing multithreaded programs are race conditions, deadlocks, and thread starvation. The aim of the work is to solve the problem of thread racing in multithreaded calculations of resource-intensive tasks with parallel access to shared data using appropriate synchronization mechanisms, such as mutexes. A multithreaded algorithm for implementing a typical task of processing large data arrays with protection of the critical area in concurrent programs running on multiprocessor and multi-core systems has been developed and researched.
Access to struct members and undefined behavior of C code
Authors: Volodymyr Gerasimov , Nadiia Karpenko , Ihor Skuratovskyi
Published: March 2024

During software development, novice developers usually receive a lot of error messages and just warnings of various kinds. And if the code simply won't run when there are errors, then the program usually starts when there are various warnings. And here it is important to understand what consequences the presence of warnings of various kinds can lead to. This work aims to study the code's undefined behavior when working with struc-tures in the C programming language when issuing a corresponding compiler warn-ing about returning the address of a local or temporary variable. In the procedural programming language C, there is an ancestor of the OOP class — the structure struct, which encapsulates only the state of the entity. And the question arises — is it possible to work with separate components-fields of such a structure analogously to OOP languages? For research, a simple structure was taken, which contains information about the person's name, surname, and phone number. To access parts of the structure, pseudogetters were used — functions that returned a pointer to the corresponding part of the structure. The research was conducted in the Visual Studio 2019 environment under the control of the Windows 10 operating system when the default C language standard - MSVC and the more modern ISO standard C17 (2018) was selected in the project settings. As a result, a truly undefined behavior of the code was obtained, when the re-sult of the work of the code fragment (function call) depends on many factors: the length of the array, the standard of the C language, the position of a certain part in the structure. An attempt to conduct similar research under the control of the Linux Mint oper-ating system using the gcc compiler version 5.4 was unsuccessful. When compiling the code, a similar warning about returning the address of a local variable was also issued, as in the case of Visual Studio. But when the program was launched, it sim-ply crashed with a message about a segmentation error. Thus, both the Visual Studio 2019 compiler and the gcc compiler warned us about undefined code behavior. But this uncertain behavior was radically different for operating systems and compilers. If after gcc under the Linux OS, the code simply does not work at all and the program stops its work with a segmentation error mes-sage, then after Visual Studio under Windows, inexperienced developers with im-proper testing and verification of the code can miss the code that "does not always work", which can lead to unexpected results, not always pleasant, to say the least. And that's why software developers, especially beginners, should pay attention not only to compilation errors but also to warnings, even if the code works.
THE CONCEPT OF ASSOCIATIVE GRAPHICAL INTERFACE IN THE WORKFLOW AUTOMATION SYSTEM
Authors: Vladislav Antonyuk , Maryna Sydorova
Published: March 2024

The article is devoted to the topical problem of developing an associative graphical interface for workflow automation systems. Based on the analysis of modern technologies and research methods, the authors set a goal to develop a new interface concept that provides optimal efficiency and ease of use. The result is the creation of Draw & GO, a new tool for automating workflows. As part of the study, a plug-in architecture was used, which makes it easy to integrate new functions and optimize the operation of the automation system. Key findings highlight the potential of the associative GUI in improving productivity and streamlining workflows.
Have Courage to Use your Own Mind, with or without AI: The Relevance of Kant's Enlightenment to Higher Education in the Age of Artificial Intelligence
Authors: Watanabe Alice
Published: March 2024

Artificial intelligence (AI) in higher education is a complex issue that can be discussed from many different perspectives. There is currently a great need for ethical discussions about the use of AI in universities. For example, educational researchers and teachers are already talking a lot about fairness, accountability, transparency, bias, autonomy, agency and inclusion of AI applications, and discussing these in terms of concrete teaching-learning settings. However, less explored are the implications of AI-enhanced teaching and learning in relation to fundamental educational ideals and goals. The article takes this research desideratum as a starting point by relating the use of AI in universities to Kant's reflections on enlightenment. The aim of this article is to theoretically analyse the compatibility of various AI tools with the ideal of maturity on an educational philosophical level and to formulate recommendations for action based on the results. Through a comprehensive literature review, the article analyses the impact of intelligent tutoring systems, ChatGPT and AI-supported research tools on students’ maturity and discusses both opportunities and challenges for higher education. The theoretical analysis shows that intelligent tutoring systems and ChatGPT threaten student maturity, while AI-supported research tools can have a positive effect.  In addition, the analysis provides several recommendations that can help to minimise the risks of AI applications in terms of student maturity. The educational principle of research-based learning is of particular importance in this context, illustrating how students can learn to use AI tools responsibly and maturely. In this sense, the paper presents a theoretical study that fundamentally reflects on the maturity of students in the age of AI and thus both encourages teachers in the field of e-teaching to critically reflect on AI-based tools and provides a basis for further empirical research.
XÁC ĐỊNH LIỀU LƯỢNG BÓN PHÂN KALI CHO CÂY KẾ SỮA (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.) TRỒNG TẠI PHÚ THỌ
Authors: Loan Pham Thanh
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm xác định lượng bón phân kali phù hợp để đảm bảo cho cây Kế sữa sinh trưởng tốt, cho năng suất, chất lượng dược liệu và hiệu quả kinh tế cao. Thí nghiệm gồm 4 công thức, bố trí theo kiểu khối ngẫu nhiên hoàn chỉnh. Tiến hành theo dõi các chỉ tiêu về sinh trưởng, năng suất, hàm lượng silymarin và sơ bộ đánh giá hiệu quả kinh tế. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, mức bón 120 kg K2O/ha là phù hợp cho cây Kế sữa trồng tại Phú Thọ, mức bón này cho chỉ tiêu kỹ thuật đạt tốt nhất: 6,4 chồi bên/cây; 8,2 đầu hoa/cây, 68,6 hạt chắc/bông; năng suất cá thể hạt khô đạt 14,0 g/cây và năng suất thực tế hạt khô đạt 418,5 kg/ha; hàm lượng silymarin là 2,68%. Đây là mức bón khi trồng cây Kế sữa tại Phú Thọ cho lợi nhuận đạt cao nhất là 295.917.500 đ, tỷ suất lợi nhuận đạt 3,67.
HIỆU QUẢ GIẢM BỆNH VÀ HOẠT TÍNH ENZYME LIÊN QUAN ĐẾN CƠ CHẾ KÍCH KHÁNG BỆNH THÁN THƯ TRÊN DƯA LEO DO Colletotrichum lagenarium CỦA HỖN HỢP VI KHUẨN Bacillus sp. TRONG ĐIỀU KIỆN NHÀ LƯỚI
Authors: Huy Lê Hiếu , Liên Nguyễn Thị , Khoa Nguyễn Đắc
Published: March 2024

Bệnh thán thư dưa leo do nấm Colletotrichum lagenarium gây ảnh hưởng nghiêm trọng đến năng suất và chất lượng dưa leo. Nghiên cứu này nhằm mục đích khảo sát hiệu quả giảm bệnh và hoạt tính enzyme catalase (CAT), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) liên quan đến cơ chế kích thích kháng bệnh bằng biện pháp xử lý hạt với hai chủng vi khuẩn Bacillus amyloliquefaciens VL4.6 và Bacillus siamensis CL8. Tỷ lệ phối trộn vi khuẩn được khảo sát ở năm tỷ lệ: 1:0, 1:1, 1:2, 2:1 và 0:1 với mật số 108 tế bào/mL. Tỷ lệ diện tích lá bệnh ghi nhận mỗi 24 giờ trong 7 ngày sau chủng bệnh. Tỷ lệ phối trộn 1:1 cho hiệu quả giảm bệnh cao nhất với tỷ lệ diện tích lá bệnh là 7,5% (vi khuẩn – chủng bệnh) tương đương với đối chứng dương 6,8% (CaCl2 – có chủng bệnh) và thấp hơn so với đối chứng âm 30,7% (nước – chủng bệnh) tại 7 ngày sau chủng bệnh. Hoạt tính CAT và PAL trong mô lá được tăng lên khi xử lý với hỗn hợp vi khuẩn, đặc biệt trong trường hợp mầm bệnh tấn công cây. Hoạt tính CAT và PAL đạt cực đại trong mô lá sau 4 ngày chủng bệnh. Kết quả cho thấy, phối trộn B. amyloliquefaciens VL4.6 và B. siamensis CL8 với tỷ lệ 1:1 (mật số 108 tế bào/mL) là nghiệm thức cho hiệu quả giảm bệnh tốt nhất.
ĐẶC ĐIỂM THIẾU MÁU Ở TRẺ TỪ 2 THÁNG ĐẾN 5 TUỔI TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Việt Lâm Thái , Hương Nguyễn Thị Xuân
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu nhằm mô tả đặc điểm lâm sàng, cận lâm sàng thiếu máu ở bệnh nhân từ 2 tháng đến 5 tuổi. Chúng tôi thiết kế nghiên cứu mô tả cắt ngang trên 130 bệnh nhân điều trị tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên từ ngày 01/08/2022 đến 31/01/2023 bằng phỏng vấn trực tiếp bộ công cụ thiết kế sẵn, kết hợp khám bệnh và làm xét nghiệm máu. Kết quả có 60,8% bệnh nhân nam, 39,2% bệnh nhân nữ, tỉ lệ nam/ nữ = 1,54/1. 57,7% bệnh nhân ở nhóm 7 – 24 tháng và nhóm 25 – 60 tháng là 41,5%. 27,7% non tháng, cân nặng lúc sinh <2500g (9,2%) và 20% trẻ bị suy dinh dưỡng. Thiếu máu mức độ nhẹ hay gặp (83,1%). Triệu chứng lâm sàng hay gặp nhất là da xanh và lòng bàn tay nhợt chiếm 100%. Triệu chứng cận lâm sàng: Hemoglobin giảm (98,15 ± 11,55 g/l), thể tích trung bình hồng cầu giảm (67,13 ± 9,95 fl), huyết sắc tố trung bình hồng cầu giảm (21,57 ± 3,9 pg). Nồng độ huyết sắc tố trung bình hồng cầu giảm (318 ± 20,15 g/l). Độ phân bố hồng cầu trung bình là 15,78 ± 2,72%. Có 78,5% sắt huyết thanh giảm; 0,8% Ferritin huyết thanh giảm. Nghiên cứu cần xác định nguyên nhân thiếu máu để có biện pháp điều trị phù hợp cho trẻ.
TỶ LỆ VÀ MỘT SỐ YẾU TỐ NGUY CƠ BỆNH VÕNG MẠC TRẺ ĐẺ NON TẠI TRUNG TÂM NHI KHOA – BỆNH VIỆN BẠCH MAI
Authors: Thu Luân Thị Hoài , Nam Nguyễn Thành
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu này nhằm xác định tỉ lệ mắc và một số yếu tố nguy cơ bệnh võng mạc trẻ đẻ non tại Trung tâm Nhi Khoa - Bệnh viện Bạch Mai 2022-2023. Phương pháp nghiên cứu bệnh chứng trên 340 trẻ đẻ non có cân nặng lúc sinh ≤ 1500g và/hoặc tuổi thai khi sinh ≤ 30 tuần hoặc cân nặng từ 1500g đến 2000g và/hoặc tuổi thai >30 tuần, có thêm các yếu tố nguy cơ suy hô hấp, thiếu máu, nhiễm trùng… được khám sàng lọc và chẩn đoán bệnh võng mạc bởi bác sĩ chuyên khoa Mắt điều trị tại Trung tâm Nhi - Bệnh viện Bạch mai từ tháng 07/2022 - 07/2023. Những bệnh nhân này tương đồng về giới, tuổi thai, ngày tháng vào viện. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy, tỉ lệ mắc bệnh võng mạc trẻ đẻ non là 27,9%, cân nặng khi sinh <1000g (66,7%), và chủ yếu ở tuổi thai lúc sinh 25-27 (64,3%). Tìm thấy mối liên quan có ý nghĩa thống kê giữa tỉ lệ mắc bệnh võng mạc trẻ đẻ non với tuổi thai thấp, cân nặng lúc sinh thấp, tình trạng nhiễm trùng huyết và thời gian phụ thuộc oxy kéo dài.
NGHIÊN CỨU ĐIỀU KIỆN in vitro PHÙ HỢP CHO PHẢN ỨNG ONE-POT GLYCOSYL HOÁ ALPHA-MANGOSTIN
Authors: Tươi Lê Thị , Khánh Nguyễn Hồng , Linh Nguyễn Yến , Thúy Trần Thị
Published: March 2024

Phản ứng glycosyl hoá (gắn gốc đường) vào alpha-mangostin là một trong nhiều cách làm tăng tính tan trong nước, cải thiện hoạt tính sinh học như kháng khuẩn, kháng ung thư của phân tử này. Trong nghiên cứu này, hai hệ thống phản ứng one-pot glycosyl hoá gắn gốc glucose và gắn gốc 2-deoxyglucose vào α-mangostin đã được cải tiến các điều kiện phản ứng như pH, nồng độ các chất tham gia phản ứng và cải tiến cách thức thực hiện phản ứng nhằm tăng hiệu quả chuyển hoá và giảm chi phí sản xuất. Kết quả cho thấy, phản ứng được kiểm soát ở pH 7,4 cho tốc độ phản ứng và hiệu quả chuyển hoá tốt hơn so với điều kiện ban đầu ở cả hai hệ thống phản ứng. Việc giảm 50% nồng độ acetyl phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate ở hệ thống phản ứng gắn glucose làm tăng hiệu quả chuyển hoá. Thực hiện phản ứng này ở mức 10 mL, cơ chất α-mangostin được kiểm soát và bổ sung trong suốt 5 giờ phản ứng, có thể chuyển hoá ~50 mg α-mangostin. Trong hệ thống phản ứng gắn gốc 2-deoxyglucose, nồng độ các chất ATP, 2-deoxyglucose và acetyl phosphate giảm tương ứng là 50, 60 và 70% so với điều kiện ban đầu. Các kết quả này có ý nghĩa quan trọng trong việc làm giảm chi phí tổng hợp các dẫn xuất glycosyl hoá của α-mangostin.
EFFECTS OF DIETARY OF ROSELLA (Hibiscus sabdariffa) SUPPLEMENTATION ON WHITE LEG SHRIMP (Litopenaeus vannamei) AGAINST ACUTE HEPATOPANCREATIC DISEASES CAUSED BY Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Authors: Linh Nguyễn Thị Trúc , Trúc Phan Thị Thanh
Published: March 2024

Nghiên cứu được thực hiện nhằm đánh giá hiệu quả của chất chiết lá giấm (Hibiscus sabdariffa) bổ sung trong khẩu phần ăn lên tỉ lệ sống và mật độ của vi khuẩn Vibrio spp. trên gan tụy tôm thẻ chân trắng (Litopenaeus vannamei) trọng lượng từ 10 - 12 gram cảm nhiễm với vi khuẩn Vibrio parahaemolyticus gây bệnh hoại tử gan tụy cấp tính. Tôm được cho ăn với thức ăn bổ sung chất chiết lá giấm ở các nồng độ 1; 1,5; 2% trong 30 ngày, sau đó cảm nhiễm với vi khuẩn V. parahaemolyticus và tiếp tục quan sát trong 14 ngày. Mỗi nghiệm thức được bố trí lặp lại 3 lần. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy bổ sung chất chiết lá giấm có khả năng cải thiện tỉ lệ sống và ức chế sự phát triển vi khuẩn Vibrio spp. trên gan tụy tôm, khác biệt có ý nghĩa (p<0,05) so với nghiệm thức đối chứng. Thông qua phân tích mô bệnh học gan tụy tôm chứng tỏ chất chiết lá giấm còn giúp làm giảm những ảnh hưởng của bệnh hoại tử gan tụy cấp tính lên cấu trúc gan tụy của tôm thẻ chân trắng. Nghiên cứu đã chứng minh tiềm năng của việc sử dụng chất chiết lá giấm trong nâng cao khả năng đề kháng AHPND trên tôm thẻ chân trắng.
KHẢO SÁT KHẢ NĂNG KIỂM SOÁT BỆNH ĐỐM LÁ VI KHUẨN (Xanthomonas sp.) CỦA Bacillus velezensis OM017175 TRÊN CÂY ỚT SỪNG VÀNG (Capsicum annuum) Ở ĐIỀU KIỆN IN VITRO VÀ NHÀ LƯỚI
Authors: Quí Phạm Phú , Tiên Đoàn Thị Kiều , Thanh Lê Uyển , Nga Nguyễn Thị Thu , Thi Hồ Lệ
Published: March 2024

Khả năng đối kháng của Bacillus velezensis OM017175 đối với Xanthomonas spp. đã được khảo sát ở điều kiện in vitro và nhà lưới nhằm tìm ra mật số vi khuẩn và thời điểm xử lý có hiệu quả trong kiểm soát bệnh đốm lá vi khuẩn trên cây ớt. Kết quả khảo sát in vitro ghi nhận dòng B. velezensis được xử lý ở mật số 108 và 109 CFU/mL có khả năng đối kháng cao với tác nhân gây bệnh và đạt bán kính vòng vô khuẩn tương đương nhau (tương ứng 4,8 mm và 5,4 mm). Trong điều kiện nhà lưới, hai thời điểm xử lý vi khuẩn đối kháng được xác định có hiệu quả là 3 ngày trước lây bệnh và 3 ngày sau lây bệnh. Bên cạnh đó, hai nghiệm thức có xử lý vi khuẩn đối kháng với mật số 108 và 109 CFU/mL ở thời điểm 3 ngày sau lây bệnh vẫn có hiệu quả giảm bệnh cao và tương đương nhau, dao động từ 40,33% đến 40,57%. Ở thời điểm 3 ngày trước lây bệnh, nghiệm thức xử lý với mật số 109 CFU/mL có hiệu quả giảm bệnh (40,65%) cao nhất. Nhìn chung, dòng B. velezensis OM017175 có khả năng kiểm soát bệnh đốm lá vi khuẩn, với hiệu quả tùy thuộc vào mật số và thời điểm xử lý, có triển vọng trở thành một tác nhân kiểm soát bệnh sinh học.
KẾT QUẢ ĐIỀU TRỊ CHỬA NGOÀI TỬ CUNG BẰNG PHƯƠNG PHÁP PHẪU THUẬT NĂM 2017 VÀ 2022 TẠI BỆNH VIỆN TRUNG ƯƠNG THÁI NGUYÊN
Authors: Huệ Nông Thị , Bình Nguyễn Thị , Mơ Nguyễn Thị
Published: March 2024

Chửa ngoài tử cung là một bệnh lý phụ khoa nguy hiểm do thai làm tổ ngoài buồng tử cung, nếu không được phát hiện sớm và xử trí kịp thời có thể gây ảnh hưởng trực tiếp đến sức khỏe, khả năng sinh sản và đe dọa tính mạng của người phụ nữ. Với mục tiêu mô tả một số triệu chứng lâm sàng và cận lâm sàng của bệnh nhân chửa ngoài tử cung được phẫu thuật năm 2017 và 2022 tại Bệnh viện Trung ương Thái Nguyên, chúng tôi đã tiến hành nghiên cứu trên tổng số 260 đối tượng nghiên cứu. Bằng phương pháp mô tả cắt ngang, chúng tôi đã thu được kết quả: Bệnh nhân có đủ 3 triệu chứng cơ năng (chậm kinh, ra huyết âm đạo, đau bụng) của chửa ngoài tử cung năm 2017 là 91,2% và năm 2022 là 92,4%. Hình ảnh siêu âm thường gặp nhất là khối âm vang không đồng nhất cạnh tử cung với tỉ lệ 61,8% (năm 2017) và 63,3% (năm 2022). Tình trạng khối chửa rỉ máu chiếm 79,4% (2017) và 69,6% (2022); khối chửa chưa vỡ chiếm 11,4% và sảy qua loa vòi tử cung 0,6% (2022). Tỉ lệ phẫu thuật nội soi chửa ngoài tử cung năm 2017 chiếm 47,1% đã tăng lên 73,4% vào năm 2022.