bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Lehren und lernen mit digitalen Medien
Authors: Rey Günter Daniel
Published: October 2024

Aktueller Überblick der Theorien und Gestaltungsempfehlungen zum Lehren und Lernen mit digitalen Medien auf Basis aktueller empirischer Befunde aus Metaanalysen und Experimentalserien

Das Forschungsfeld zum Lehren und Lernen mit digitalen Medien hat sich in den letzten Jahren erheblich weiterentwickelt. Zahlreiche experimentelle Studien und Metaanalysen bilden inzwischen die empirische Grundlage der einzelnen Gestaltungseffekte und der ihr zugrunde liegenden (Rahmen‑)Modelle und (Rahmen‑)Theorien. Darüber hinaus wurden weitere Gestaltungsprinzipien postuliert und empirisch überprüft, was zu einer Zunahme von Gestaltungsempfehlungen für das Lernen, vor allem das multimediale Lernen, geführt hat. Neue Messinstrumente wurden konzipiert und validiert und lassen sich in zukünftigen Forschungsarbeiten zum Lehren und Lernen mit digitalen Medien nun gewinnbringend einsetzen.

Von zentraler Bedeutung für die Weiterentwicklung des Forschungsfeldes ist die Perspektivenerweiterung, die neben der Untersuchung kognitiver Prozesse beim Lehren und Lernen nun auch motivationale und emotionale sowie neuerdings auch soziale und kulturelle Prozesse in den Blick nimmt.

Dieser Entwicklung trägt dieses Herausgeberwerk Rechnung. Es fokussiert auf folgende Themen:

Wie Informationen verarbeitet und gespeichert werden
Warum Lernen nicht nur ein kognitiver Prozess ist
Whiteboard-Animationen
Pädagogische Agenten
Lehren und Lernen mit Beispielen
Digitale Lernspiele
Intelligente Systeme für das Lehren und Lernen

Ein faszinierender Einblick in den aktuellen Stand der Forschung für alle Lernenden und Dozierenden, Praktikerinnen und Praktiker sowie Forschende.
Anorexia nervosa
Authors: Legenbauer Tanja , Schmieg Iris , Bühren Katharina
Published: October 2024

Anorexia nervosa ist eine Erkrankung des Kindes- und Jugendalters sowie des jungen Erwachsenenalters. Die Erkrankung ist durch Einschränkungen der Nahrungsaufnahme und/oder eine Steigerung des Kalorienverbrauches gekennzeichnet, um ein niedriges Körpergewicht zu erreichen. Die Betroffenen leiden unter starken Ängsten bezüglich ihres Gewichts und ihrer Figur und einer verzerrten Wahrnehmung ihres Körpers. Die Anorexia nervosa weist bei Chronifizierung eine hohe Mortalitätsrate auf, hat aber vor allem im Jugendalter bei frühzeitiger Therapie eine gute Prognose. Der Leitfaden liefert einen praxisorientierten und evidenzbasierten Überblick über die Diagnostik und Therapie der Anorexia nervosa im Kindes- und Jugendalter.
Zunächst wird der aktuelle Forschungsstand zu Symptomatik, Klassifikation, Differenzialdiagnosen, komorbiden Störungen, Ätiologie und epidemiologischen Erkenntnissen zusammengefasst. Ausführlich werden dann Leitlinien zur Diagnostik, Verlaufskontrolle und Behandlung der Störung beschrieben. Neben den Standardinterventionen in der Essstörungsbehandlung zur Wiederherstellung des Gewichts und zum Ernährungsmanagement werden Empfehlungen für psychotherapeutische Strategien mit assoziierten bzw. zugrunde liegenden Problembereichen gegeben. Weiterhin wird auf den Einbezug der Eltern und anderer Bezugspersonen in die Behandlung eingegangen. Die Umsetzung der Leitlinien in den klinischen Alltag wird anhand von Fallbeispielen, Beispieldialogen und konkreten Anleitungen veranschaulicht. Zudem werden für den Praxisalltag hilfreiche diagnostische und therapeutische Materialien zur Verfügung gestellt.
A 2‐Billion‐Year History of Water‐Alteration in Terra Sirenum, Mars: Volcanism's Influence on Aluminum Clay Formation and Chemically Distinct Waters Forming Sulfates and Chlorides Into the Amazonian
Authors: Leask E. K. , Ehlmann B. L. , Dundar M. M.
Published: October 2024

Terra Sirenum, a region of Noachian highlands southwest of the Tharsis volcanic complex, is unique in the number, proximity, and diversity of orbital detections of secondary minerals, as the sole region found to date hosting large‐scale deposits of all of Mars' major salts (chlorides, sulfates, carbonates) as well as diverse hydrated silicates. We combine mineralogical information, high‐resolution imagery, and elevation models to investigate the geologic context of these secondary minerals to understand the sources of water and ions for each type of deposit and their spatial/temporal relationships. Carbonates, where present, are part of Noachian basement rocks exposed through cratering and do not appear associated with evaporative sequences. Numerous small detections of the acid sulfate minerals alunite and jarosite mirror the dominant clay cation in the localities they are found—Al phyllosilicates and Fe phyllosilicates, respectively—suggesting in situ formation. We interpret a previously discovered kaolinite‐rich unit overlying Fe/Mg clays across northeast Terra Sirenum as remnants of a widespread ash unit rather than a pedogenic weathering sequence. Sulfate and chloride detections are decoupled, with sulfates in topographic lows likely precipitated from volcanism‐associated groundwaters, while chloride detections are consistent with surface water runoff, in some instances clearly post‐dating volcanic units capping sulfate detections. Volcanic resurfacing of craters in the region is progressively younger from west to east, and crater statistics‐based ages indicate localized sulfate‐ and chloride‐forming processes continue to occur from ∼3.5 to ∼1.4 Ga. We hypothesize that their decoupling points to disconnected, episodic surface and groundwater reservoirs, perhaps separated by a permafrost layer.
Shaping the Coast: Accounting for the Human Wildcard in Projections of Future Change
Authors: Lentz Erika E. , Wong‐Parodi Gabrielle , Zeigler Sara , Collini Renee C. , Palmsten Margaret L. , Passeri Davina
Published: October 2024

Coastal change and evolution are the product of physical drivers (e.g., waves) tightly coupled with human behavior. As climate change impacts intensify, demand is increasing for information on where, when, and how coastal areas may change in the future. Although considerable research investments have been made in understanding the physical drivers and processes that modify and shape coastal environments, many do not account for human behavior, compromising the accuracy of comprehensive future change predictions. We outline four social science approaches—historic case studies, simulations, longitudinal studies, and longitudinal studies supported by experimental data—that can be coupled with physical change information to support transdisciplinary understanding of future change. A fundamental need for each approach is more and better empirical data to better gauge human behavior. In addition, foundational investments in transdisciplinary collaboration help research teams support the integration of these approaches.
First Observational Evidence That Dust‐Driven Cloud Phase Changes Cool the Surface Over Summertime Arctic Sea Ice
Authors: Zamora L. M. , Kahn R. A.
Published: October 2024

Cloud phase has important impacts on Arctic surface temperatures, and circumstantial evidence suggests that dust aerosols have strong regional impacts on Arctic cloud phase. We used 7 years of satellite observations and model and reanalysis products to control for co‐varying meteorology, and to assess how dust and other aerosols impact cloud phase and cloud radiative effects over the summertime sea ice. We focus on clouds at 3 km, where dust modeling is most accurate. There is strong indication that dust aerosols caused about 4.5% of clouds below −15°C to change phase, with smaller effects at higher temperatures. Sulfate has a smaller impact on cloud phase. Dust is associated with cloud‐mediated surface cooling of up to a 6.3 W m−2 below single‐layer clouds at ∼3 km in June. This is the first observational study to constrain likely dust‐related cloud radiative effects over the summertime Arctic sea ice.
O‐Mode Instability for Non‐Thermal Continuum Radiation Generated Near the Plasmapause
Authors: Cheng Chio Z. , Kim Eun‐Hwa , Boardsen Scott A. , Cairns Iver H. , Johnson Jay R.
Published: October 2024

Analysis of the ordinary mode (O‐mode) instability is performed to comprehend the nonthermal continuum (NTC) radiation near the plasmapause, taking into account the relativistic wave‐electron resonance effect. The energy source is the anisotropy in the velocity of the minority suprathermal electron population. Numerical solutions demonstrate that the O‐mode can be unstable with multiple narrow frequency bands located close to harmonics of the electron cyclotron frequency above the local electron plasma frequency. These waves have narrow beaming angle bands of nearly relative to the ambient magnetic field. Our findings indicate that NTC radiation generated by this wave‐electron resonance instability near the plasmapause can propagate nearer to the magnetic equator with multiple harmonics, which is in agreement with a recent statistical study using Van Allen Probes.
Effects of Storm‐Time Winds on Ionospheric Pre‐Midnight Equatorial Plasma Bubbles Over South America as Observed by ICON and GOLD
Authors: González Gilda , Wu Yen‐Jung , Gasque L. Claire , Triplett Colin C. , Harding Brian J. , Immel Thomas J.
Published: October 2024

This study uses satellite measurements of plasma densities and thermospheric winds to analyze the effects of the November 2021 geomagnetic storm on ionospheric pre‐midnight topside plasma bubbles over South America. Using observations from the Ionospheric Connection Explorer (ICON) and the Global‐scale Observations of the Limb and Disk (GOLD) satellites, we find that pre‐midnight topside plasma bubbles were inhibited over eastern South America during the recovery phase of the storm. This is particularly notable because of the otherwise high occurrence rate of plasma bubbles at these longitudes during this season. This inhibition coincided with the recovery phase of the geomagnetic storm, marked by a northward turning of the z‐component of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMFBz) and quiet‐time values of the SuperMAG Auroral Electrojet Index (SME). We observed a westward turning of the zonal wind before the bubble inhibition, so we conclude the inhibition of topside plasma bubbles is likely related to a westward disturbance dynamo electric field (DDEF) causing a downward drift and suppress the growth of the instability responsible for bubble development. Contrary to theoretical predictions, we do not observe notable changes to the meridional wind during the event. These results provide new insights into the ionosphere‐thermosphere system's response to geomagnetic storms and highlight the role of wind patterns in inhibiting ionospheric irregularities, contributing to better predictive models for these phenomena.
The Cumulative Effect of Wintertime Weather Systems on the Ocean Mixed‐Layer Stable Isotope Composition in the Iceland and Greenland Seas
Authors: Sodemann Harald , Weng Yongbiao , Touzeau Alexandra , Jeansson Emil , Thurnherr Iris , Barrell Chris , Renfrew Ian A. , Semper Stefanie , Våge Kjetil , Werner Martin
Published: October 2024

The Iceland and Greenland Seas are characterized by strong heat fluxes from the ocean to the atmosphere during wintertime. Here we characterize the atmospheric signal of this strong evaporation in terms of water vapor isotopes and investigate if such a signal can have a cumulative imprint on the ocean mixed‐layer. Observations include continuous water vapor isotope measurements, event‐based precipitation samples, and sea‐water samples taken at various depths from the research vessel Alliance during the Iceland‐Greenland Seas Project cruise in February and March 2018. In conjunction with a simulation from a regional, isotope‐enabled atmospheric model, we find that the predominant atmospheric isotope signature during predominant marine cold‐air outbreak conditions is −129.8 ± 16.6‰ for δ2H and −18.10 ± 2.87‰ for δ18O, with a d‐excess of 15.1 ± 7.9‰, indicating enhanced non‐equilibrium fractionation compared to the global average. During events of warm‐air intrusion from mid‐latitudes, near‐surface vapor becomes saturated and the vapor d‐excess approaches equilibrium or becomes negative. Similarly, precipitation d‐excess is lower and thus closer to equilibrium conditions during warm‐air intrusions. There are indications that an evaporation signal of waters exiting the Nordic Seas through Denmark Strait could be locally enhanced over seasons to years, as supported by simple model calculations. Our findings thus suggest that evaporation signals could be transferred into the ocean isotope composition in this region, potentially enabling mass‐balance constraints in isotope‐enabled coupled ocean‐atmosphere models.
Climatological Tracking and Lifecycle Characteristics of Mesoscale Convective Systems in Northwestern South America
Authors: Robledo Vanessa , Henao Juan J. , Mejía John F. , Ramírez‐Cardona Álvaro , Hernández K. Santiago , Gómez‐Ríos Sebastián , Rendón Ángela M.
Published: October 2024

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are crucial in shaping large‐scale tropical circulation and the hydrological cycle, particularly in Northwestern South America (NwSA), a region marked by complex terrain and significant MCS activity. Understanding MCSs in NwSA is vital due to their impact on precipitation patterns and potential for severe weather events. To enhance this understanding, the ATRACKCS algorithm was developed for tracking convective systems, utilizing precipitation and brightness temperature data sets. This research focuses on documenting the spatiotemporal variability of MCS occurrence, life cycle, and movement. Notably, MCS hotspots were identified to the west of the major orographic features in the region, with maximum occurrences at night, contrasting with the region's typical afternoon peak in land convection. MCS movement is also heavily influenced by topography, with higher velocities on the eastern (windward) side of the Andes compared to velocities on the western (leeward) side. MCSs generally move westward, driven by easterly winds, but this pattern is not consistent throughout the year or region. Northward movement is predominant to the west of the Andes, while southward movement is observed to the east. These seasonal and regional movement variations are linked to factors such as the intertropical convergence zone position, moisture availability, topography, and low‐level jets. This research underscores the complexity of MCSs in NwSA and emphasizes the need for detailed studies on the atmospheric environment shaping these systems. Additionally, it provides a robust 21‐year MCS database for NwSA and an advanced tracking tool for research in various geographic contexts and impact areas.
Intracellular C5aR1 inhibits ferroptosis in glioblastoma through METTL3-dependent m6A methylation of GPX4
Authors: Meng Xiangrui , Wang Zixuan , Yang Qingqing , Liu Yawei , Gao Yisu , Chen Hefei , Li Ang , Li Rongqing , Wang Jun , Sun Guan
Published: October 2024

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary intracranial malignant tumor. Recent literature suggests that induction of programmed death has become a mainstream cancer treatment strategy, with ferroptosis being the most widely studied mode. Complement C5a receptor 1 (C5aR1) is associated with both tumorigenesis and tumor-related immunity. However, knowledge regarding the role of C5aR1 in GBM progression is limited. In the present study, we observed significant upregulation of C5aR1 in glioma tissue. In addition, C5aR1 expression was found to be closely associated with patient prognosis and survival. Subsequent experimental verification demonstrated that C5aR1 promoted the progression of GBM mainly by suppressing ferroptosis induction, inhibiting the accumulation of lipid peroxides, and stabilizing the expression of the core antiferroptotic factor glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Aberrant N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification of GPX4 mRNA contributes significantly to epigenetic tumorigenesis, and here, we report that selective methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-dependent m6A methylation of GPX4 plays a key role in C5AR1 knockdown-induced ferroptosis induction. Mechanistically, ERK1/2 signaling pathway activation increases the METTL3 protein abundance in GBM cells. This activation then increases the stability of METTL3-mediated m6A modifications on GPX4, enabling it to fulfill its transcriptional function. More importantly, in an intracranial xenograft mouse model, PMX205, a C5aR1 inhibitor, promoted alterations in ferroptosis in GBM cells and inhibited GBM progression. In conclusion, our findings suggest that C5aR1 inhibits ferroptosis in GBM cells and promotes MettL3-dependent GPX4 expression through ERK1/2, thereby promoting glioma progression. Our study reveals a novel mechanism by which the intracellular complement receptor C5aR1 suppresses ferroptosis induction and promotes GBM progression. These findings may facilitate the identification of a potential therapeutic target for glioma.
Electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators
Authors: Castilla Sebastián , Agarwal Hitesh , Vangelidis Ioannis , Bludov Yuliy V. , Iranzo David Alcaraz , Grabulosa Adrià , Ceccanti Matteo , Vasilevskiy Mikhail I. , Kumar Roshan Krishna , Janzen Eli , Edgar James H. , Watanabe Kenji , Taniguchi Takashi , Peres Nuno M. R. , Lidorikis Elefterios , Koppens Frank H. L.
Published: October 2024

One of the most captivating properties of polaritons is their capacity to confine light at the nanoscale. This confinement is even more extreme in two-dimensional (2D) materials. 2D polaritons have been investigated by optical measurements using an external photodetector. However, their effective spectrally resolved electrical detection via far-field excitation remains unexplored. This hinders their exploitation in crucial applications such as sensing, hyperspectral imaging, and optical spectrometry, banking on their potential for integration with silicon technologies. Herein, we present the electrical spectroscopy of polaritonic nanoresonators based on a high-quality 2D-material heterostructure, which serves at the same time as the photodetector and the polaritonic platform. Subsequently, we electrically detect these mid-infrared resonators by near-field coupling to a graphene pn-junction. The nanoresonators simultaneously exhibit extreme lateral confinement and high-quality factors. This work opens a venue for investigating this tunable and complex hybrid system and its use in compact sensing and imaging platforms.
An atlas of small non-coding RNAs in human preimplantation development
Authors: Russell Stewart J. , Zhao Cheng , Biondic Savana , Menezes Karen , Hagemann-Jensen Michael , Librach Clifford L. , Petropoulos Sophie
Published: October 2024

Understanding the molecular circuitries that govern early embryogenesis is important, yet our knowledge of these in human preimplantation development remains limited. Small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) can regulate gene expression and thus impact blastocyst formation, however, the expression of specific biotypes and their dynamics during preimplantation development remains unknown. Here we identify the abundance of and kinetics of piRNA, rRNA, snoRNA, tRNA, and miRNA from embryonic day (E)3-7 and isolate specific miRNAs and snoRNAs of particular importance in blastocyst formation and pluripotency. These sncRNAs correspond to specific genomic hotspots: an enrichment of the chromosome 19 miRNA cluster (C19MC) in the trophectoderm (TE), and the chromosome 14 miRNA cluster (C14MC) and MEG8-related snoRNAs in the inner cell mass (ICM), which may serve as ‘master regulators’ of potency and lineage. Additionally, we observe a developmental transition with 21 isomiRs and in tRNA fragment (tRF) codon usage and identify two novel miRNAs. Our analysis provides a comprehensive measure of sncRNA biotypes and their corresponding dynamics throughout human preimplantation development, providing an extensive resource. Better understanding the sncRNA regulatory programmes in human embryogenesis will inform strategies to improve embryo development and outcomes of assisted reproductive technologies. We anticipate broad usage of our data as a resource for studies aimed at understanding embryogenesis, optimising stem cell-based models, assisted reproductive technology, and stem cell biology.
Ultra-permeable silk-based polymeric membranes for vacuum-driven nanofiltration
Authors: Gan Bowen , Peng Lu Elfa , Liu Wenyu , Zhang Lingyue , Wang Li Ares , Long Li , Guo Hao , Song Xiaoxiao , Yang Zhe , Tang Chuyang Y.
Published: October 2024

Nanofiltration (NF) membranes are commonly supplied in spiral-wound modules, resulting in numerous drawbacks for practical applications (e.g., high operating pressure/pressure drop/costs). Vacuum-driven NF could be a promising and low-cost alternative by utilizing simple components and operating under an ultra-low vacuum pressure (<1 bar). Nevertheless, existing commercial membranes are incapable of achieving practically relevant water flux in such a system. Herein, we fabricated a silk-based membrane with a crumpled and defect-free rejection layer, showing water permeance of 96.2 ± 10 L m−2 h−1 bar−1 and a Na2SO4 rejection of 96.0 ± 0.6% under cross-flow filtration mode. In a vacuum-driven system, the membrane demonstrates a water flux of 56.8 ± 7.1 L m−2 h−1 at a suction pressure of 0.9 bar and high removal rate against various contaminants. Through analysis, silk-based ultra-permeable membranes may offer close to 80% reduction in specific energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to a commercial benchmark, holding great promise for advancing a more energy-efficient and greener water treatment process and paving the avenue for practical application in real industrial settings.
3D bioprinting of fish skin-based gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) bio-ink for use as a potential skin substitute
Authors: Tanadchangsaeng Nuttapol , Pasanaphong Kitipong , Tawonsawatruk Tulyapruek , Rattanapinyopituk Kasem , Tangketsarawan Borwornporn , Rawiwet Visut , Kongchanagul Alita , Srikaew Narongrit , Yoyruerop Thanaporn , Panupinthu Nattapon , Sangpayap Ratirat , Panaksri Anuchan , Boonyagul Sani , Hemstapat Ruedee
Published: October 2024

Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA), typically derived from mammalian sources, has recently emerged as an ideal bio-ink for three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting. Herein, we developed a fish skin-based GelMA bio-ink for the fabrication of a 3D GelMA skin substitute with a 3D bioprinter. Several concentrations of methacrylic acid anhydride were used to fabricate GelMA, in which their physical-mechanical properties were assessed. This fish skin-based GelMA bio-ink was loaded with human adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (ASCs) and human platelet lysate (HPL) and then printed to obtain 3D ASCs + HPL-loaded GelMA scaffolds. Cell viability test and a preliminary investigation of its effectiveness in promoting wound closure were evaluated in a critical-sized full thickness skin defect in a rat model. The cell viability results showed that the number of ASCs increased significantly within the 3D GelMA hydrogel scaffold, indicating its biocompatibility property. In vivo results demonstrated that ASCs + HPL-loaded GelMA scaffolds could delay wound contraction, markedly enhanced collagen deposition, and promoted the formation of new blood vessels, especially at the wound edge, compared to the untreated group. Therefore, this newly fish skin-based GelMA bio-ink developed in this study has the potential to be utilized for the printing of 3D GelMA skin substitutes.
Effectiveness of copper oxychloride coated with iron nanoparticles against earthworms
Authors: Kumari Tamanna , Phogat Deepak , Jakhar Navneet , Shukla Vineeta
Published: October 2024

This study examines the potential of iron nanoparticle-coated copper oxychloride in mitigating its toxic effects on earthworms, a key component of sustainable agriculture due to their role in enhancing soil quality and promoting plant growth. While earthworms and their coelomic fluid play a crucial role in enhancing soil health and promoting plant growth. Copper oxychloride, a commonly used fungicide, induces oxidative stress by disrupting antioxidant defense mechanisms in living systems. Through probit analysis, the median lethal concentration (LC50) of copper oxychloride was determined to be 2511.9 mg/kg. Artificial soil was treated with copper oxychloride at 60% and 80% of LC50, but the addition of iron nanoparticle-coated fungicide successfully reduced earthworm mortality to 0%. These findings offer promising insights into protecting non-target organisms from fungicide toxicity while maintaining agricultural productivity. The findings present a potential breakthrough in sustainable agriculture by demonstrating how nanotechnology can mitigate the harmful effects of fungicides on essential soil fauna. The use of iron nanoparticle-coated fungicides not only protects earthworms but also offers a path to maintaining ecological balance and enhancing crop productivity without compromising soil health.
An investigation of perceived risk dimensions in acceptability of shared autonomous vehicles, a mediation-moderation analysis
Authors: Abbasi Mohammadhossein , Mamdoohi Amir Reza , Ciari Francesco , Sierpiński Grzegorz
Published: October 2024

The integration of shared and autonomous mobility has led to the emergence of shared autonomous vehicles with ride-sharing services (SAVWRS), which have the potential to significantly reduce private car usage and promote sustainable transportation. Despite numerous studies on this topic, there is still no research examining the impact of all dimensions of perceived risk theory on usage intention. Therefore, we aim to investigate these relationships and gain deeper insights by examining the mediating effect of trust and the moderating effect of generation (Millennials vs. Baby Boomers) to address potential disparities across generations. To gather insights, we design an online survey that was completed by a random sample of 723 individuals in 2021. The estimation results of the structural equation model reveal that all perceived risk dimensions (social, performance, time, physical, security, and financial risks, in descending order) are negatively related to consumers’ intention. Additionally, trust fully mediates the relationships between performance, physical, financial, and security risks and usage intention, whereas it partially mediates the relationships between social and time risks and the intention to use. Furthermore, moderation analysis revealed that Millennials are less concerned about most dimensions of perceived risk theory, except for social and time risks. In conclusion, our study contributes to a deeper understanding of the complex relationships between perceived risk dimensions, trust, and usage intention in SAVWRS. Our findings suggest that policymakers and industry stakeholders should consider strategies to address these concerns to promote widespread acceptance of SAVWRS.
Impact of coupled input data source-resolution and aggregation on contributions of high-yielding traits to simulated wheat yield
Authors: Rezaei Ehsan Eyshi , Faye Babacar , Ewert Frank , Asseng Senthold , Martre Pierre , Webber Heidi
Published: October 2024

High-yielding traits can potentially improve yield performance under climate change. However, data for these traits are limited to specific field sites. Despite this limitation, field-scale calibrated crop models for high-yielding traits are being applied over large scales using gridded weather and soil datasets. This study investigates the implications of this practice. The SIMPLACE modeling platform was applied using field, 1 km, 25 km, and 50 km input data resolution and sources, with 1881 combinations of three traits [radiation use efficiency (RUE), light extinction coefficient (K), and fruiting efficiency (FE)] for the period 2001–2010 across Germany. Simulations at the grid level were aggregated to the administrative units, enabling the quantification of the aggregation effect. The simulated yield increased by between 1.4 and 3.1 t ha− 1 with a maximum RUE trait value, compared to a control cultivar. No significant yield improvement (< 0.4 t ha− 1) was observed with increases in K and FE alone. Utilizing field-scale input data showed the greatest yield improvement per unit increment in RUE. Resolution of water related inputs (soil characteristics and precipitation) had a notably higher impact on simulated yield than of temperature. However, it did not alter the effects of high-yielding traits on yield. Simulated yields were only slightly affected by data aggregation for the different trait combinations. Warm-dry conditions diminished the benefits of high-yielding traits, suggesting that benefits from high-yielding traits depend on environments. The current findings emphasize the critical role of input data resolution and source in quantifying a large-scale impact of high-yielding traits.
Optimization of small coal pillar width and control measures in gob-side entry excavation of thick coal seams
Authors: Xue Yan-ping
Published: October 2024

This study introduces an innovative optimized bolting support system specifically tailored for gob-side entry excavation in thick coal seams at a coal mine in southwestern Shandong, China. Employing theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, and field measurements, the research focuses on examining the failure characteristics of surrounding rock during gob-side entry excavation. The key innovation lies in the development of a 5-meter optimal coal pillar width, ensuring balanced stress distribution and structural integrity. Additionally, a lag time of at least 46 days between gob-side entry excavation and the upper working face retreat is recommended to mitigate roof subsidence and surrounding rock deformation. The optimized bolting support system, featuring increased bolt pretension, utilization of high-strength steel strips, and reinforcement of weak points, effectively reduces deformation of the roadway surrounding rock, meeting support requirements for normal production. This novel approach successfully addresses the support challenges in thick coal seam gob-side entry excavation, enhancing mining safety and resource recovery rates.
Nitrite manipulation in water by structure change of plasma electrolysis reactor
Authors: Baharlounezhad Fatemeh , Mohammadi Mohammad Ali
Published: October 2024

In this study, experimental reactors for cathodic nitrogen plasma electrolysis were designed by the composition of galvanic (voltaic) and electrolytic cells with wide and narrow connectors filled with tap water and agar solutions. The designed reactor can be used to simultaneously perform and manage nitrification in acidic and alkaline environments. According to the reactor’s performance, it can be installed on the irrigation system and used depending on the soil pH of the fields for delivering water and nitrogen species that are effective in growth. The nitrification process was investigated by choosing the optimal reactor with a wide connector based on different changes in oxidation-reduction potential and pH on the anode and cathode sides. The nitrite concentration changed directly with ammonium and nitrate concentrations on the cathode side. It changed inversely and directly with ammonium and nitrate concentrations on the anode side respectively. Nitrite concentration decreased from 5.387 ppm with water connector, to 0.326 ppm with 20% agar solution, and 0.314 ppm with 30% agar solution connectors on the anode side. It increased from 0 ppm to 0.191 ppm with a water connector, 0.405 ppm with 20% agar solution, and 7.454 ppm with 30% agar solution connectors on the cathode side.
A systematic review of individual, social, and societal resilience factors in response to societal challenges and crises
Authors: Schäfer Sarah K. , Supke Max , Kausmann Corinna , Schaubruch Lea M. , Lieb Klaus , Cohrdes Caroline
Published: October 2024

Societal challenges put public mental health at risk and result in a growing interest in resilience as trajectories of good mental health during stressor exposure. Resilience factors represent multilevel psychosocial resources that increase the likelihood of resilient responses. This preregistered systematic review aims at summarizing evidence on the predictive value of individual, social and societal resilience factors for resilient responses to societal challenges and crises. Eligible studies examined the predictive value of resilience factors in stressor-exposed populations in high-income countries by means of multinomial regression models based on growth mixture modeling. Five databases were searched until August 2, 2023. Data synthesis employed a rating scheme to assess the incremental predictive value of resilience factors beyond sociodemographic variables and other resilience factors. An adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used for risk of bias assessment. Fifty studies (sample sizes: 360–65,818 participants) with moderate study quality reported on various stressors (e.g., pandemics, natural disasters, terrorist attacks). Higher income, socioeconomic status and perceived social support, better emotion regulation and psychological flexibility were related to more resilient responses. The association between resilience factors and resilient responses was stronger in samples with younger mean age and a larger proportion of women. Most studies used non-representative convenience samples and effects were smaller when accounting for sociodemographic variables and other resilience factors. For many factors, findings were mixed, supporting the importance of the fit between resilience factors and situational demands. Research into social and societal resilience factors and multilevel resilience interventions is needed. Preregistration-ID: 10.17605/OSF.IO/GWJVA. Funding source: Robert Koch Institute (ID: LIR_2023_01).
Rationalization of the light-induced electron injection mechanism in a model 1D ZnO nanowire-dye complex: insights from real-time TD-DFTB simulations
Authors: Márquez Dalma M. , Lien-Medrano Carlos R. , Soldano Germán J. , Sánchez Cristián G.
Published: October 2024

Zinc oxide nanowires (ZnO NWs) possess a unique one-dimensional (1D) morphology that offers a direct pathway for charge transport.
Tuneable, in situ-generated nickel-hydride alkene isomerisation catalyst
Authors: Kascoutas Melanie A. , Chang Alison Sy-min , Kawamura Kiana E. , Bailey Gabriela M. , Morris Parker T. , Borst Elizabeth A. , Granados Lilliana H. , Cook Amanda K.
Published: October 2024

A modular Ni(0)/silane E-selective alkene isomerization system has been developed with air-tolerant reagents.
Access to tetrahydrocarbazoles via a photocatalyzed cascade decarboxylation/addition/cyclization reaction
Authors: Han Shuai , Chen Zhang , Guo Yu , Chen Jinjin , Wang Zhen , Zeng Yao-Fu
Published: October 2024

An efficient photocatalyzed decarboxylative coupling of indolepropionic acid NHPI esters with α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been developed, which provided structurally diverse tetrahydrocarbozles in moderate to good yields.
Single-molecule detection of modified amino acid regulating transcriptional activity
Authors: Komoto Yuki , Ohshiro Takahito , Notsu Yuno , Taniguchi Masateru
Published: October 2024

Simple detection methods for acetyl lysine are essential for diagnosis and understanding of the physiological effects. We have detected and recognized acetyl lysine at the single-molecule level by combining MCBJ measurement and machine learning.
Na+ detection via brightening of synergistically originated noble metal nanoclusters
Authors: Sharma Priyanka , Ganguly Mainak , Sahu Mamta
Published: October 2024

Synergistically originated AuAg nanoclusters were remarkably brightened in the presence of Na+.
ChemPren: a new and economical technology for conversion of waste plastics to light olefins
Authors: Gaffney Anne , Maiti Debtanu , Kuila Debasish , Mafia Gennaro
Published: October 2024

With the ever-increasing demand for plastics, sustainable recycling methods is a key necessity.
Enhanced chiroptical activity for narrow deep-blue emission in axial chiral frameworks via three-dimensional interlocking
Authors: Mo Xuechao , Chen Guohao , Li Yulan , Xiao Biao , Chen Xuefeng , Yin Xiaojun , Yang Chuluo
Published: October 2024

The 3D-interlocking strategy applied to rotatable axial chirality skeletons results in synchronously enhanced luminous dissymmetry factor (3.0 × 10−3) and narrowed FWHM (18 nm), facilitating CP-OLEDs with ηEQE surpassing 5.0% and CIEy < 0.03.
Flexible intelligent electromagnetic shielding polymer composites with sensitive on/off switching and high absorption
Authors: Wu Bozhen , Wu Peng , Yu Yujing , Wu Yidong , Song Xuejiao , Zhou Dong , Li Yulin
Published: October 2024

The composite achieves high electromagnetic shielding efficiency and high absorption coefficient simultaneously with very low conductive filler content, and realizes the switching of electromagnetic shielding efficiency in the strain range of 30%.
Microfluidic synthesis and accurate immobilization of low-density QD-encoded magnetic microbeads for multiplex immunoassay
Authors: Sha Zhou , Ling Tianyi , Yang Wenqi , Xie Haosu , Wang Chunnan , Sun Shuqing
Published: October 2024

Accurate immobilization of microbeads in the gap of nickel patterns.
The effect of hydrogen bond interactions on the electronic nature of DPP-based organic semiconductors: implications on charge transport
Authors: González-Núñez Raúl , Martinez Gabriel , Avila-Rovelo Nelson Ricardo , Hong Kyeog-Im , Ruiz-Carretero Amparo , Ponce Ortiz Rocío
Published: October 2024

Tailoring hydrogen bonds as a mean to modulate the electronic characteristics of small DPP semiconductors, facilitating charge formation and enhancing charge transport properties in devices.
Atomic layer-deposited Ta2O5−x nano-islands for charge trapping memory devices
Authors: Sun Song , Gao Li , Han Ping , Zhu Lin , Li Wei-Min , Li Ai-Dong
Published: October 2024

A CTM device based on amorphous Ta2O5−x nano-islands as the storage medium was fabricated on Si using thermal ALD. Its switching characteristics, endurance/retention properties and photoresponse characteristics were analysed.
Recognition of NO2 and O3 gases using patterned Cu2O nanoparticles on IGZO thin films through machine learning
Authors: Wu Tsung-Han , Tseng Zi-Chun , Huang Chun-Ying
Published: October 2024

The novel device consists of pure a-IGZO and Cu2O NPs decorated a-IGZO, which effectively increases the distinctive features of the sensor responses.
A high-performance flexible SnS photothermoelectric photodetector for temperature sensing function
Authors: Zhang Bo , Liu Yunjie , Hu Bing , Guo Fuhai , Zhang Mingcong , Li Shuangshuang , Sun Ankai , Jiang Jianyu , Hao Lanzhong
Published: October 2024

A photothermoelectric (PTE) photodetector (PD) is crucial for realizing broadband detection, which is vital for the next generation of integrated multifunctional photodetectors.
Smart hydrogels for shape deformation: mechanism, preparation, and properties
Authors: Yu Ziqing , Gu Yunqing , Ren Yun , Li Zhou , Mou Chenqi , Wu Zhenxing , Wu Denghao , Mou Jiegang
Published: October 2024

A review of the deformation mechanisms, characterisation and preparation of driven hydrogels.
Enhance low‐carbon power system operation via carbon‐aware demand response
Authors: Chen Xin
Published: October 2024

As the electrification process advances, enormous power flexibility is becoming available on the demand side, which can be harnessed to facilitate power system decarbonisation. Hence, this paper studies the carbon‐aware demand response (C‐DR) paradigm, where individual users aim to minimise their carbon footprints through the optimal scheduling of flexible load devices. The specific operational dynamics and constraints of deferrable loads and thermostatically controlled loads are considered, and the carbon emission flow method is employed to compute users' carbon footprints with nodal carbon intensities. Then, an optimal power dispatch model that integrates the C‐DR mechanism is proposed for low‐carbon power system operation, based on the carbon‐aware optimal power flow method. Two solution algorithms, including a centralised Karush–Kuhn–Tucker reformulation algorithm and an iterative solution algorithm, are developed to solve the bi‐level power dispatch optimisation model. Numerical simulations on the IEEE New England 39‐bus system demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods.
Wireless LED controller IC for smart contact lens system
Authors: Jeon Cheonhoo , Koo Jahyun
Published: October 2024

This letter presents a wirelessly powered LED driving circuit for a smart contact lens system. Since photobiomodulation has been investigated for ocular disease treatment by irradiating light with a specific wavelength, a smart contact lens equipped with a µLED and its controller IC can be utilized as a phototherapy system. The proposed circuit design facilitates constant‐current generation to drive the LED and incorporates a wirelessly powered system. The system can be turned on and off in synchronization with an external wireless power source, providing controllability for the LED's irradiation period and intensity. The IC is fabricated in the 180‐nm CMOS process with a die area of 1.0 mm2 and integrated into the smart contact lens with an external loop antenna and a far red/NIR LED. The measurement demonstrates the irradiation period of the LED is successfully controlled by the external source, with current levels from 0.53 mA to 1.4 mA, thereby confirming the feasibility of the phototherapy system.
Die R21/Matrix-M-Impfung: Phase-III-Studie
Authors: Piepel Christiane , Ramharter Michael
Published: October 2024

2022 starben mehr als 600 000 Menschen an Malaria trotz einer Vielzahl an Präventions- und Behandlungsmöglichkeiten, die jedoch für viele nicht immer verfügbar sind 1. Ein Lichtblick im globalen Kampf gegen Malaria sind die Malariaimpfungen: RTS,S/AS01 und R21/Matrix-M. Beide werden inzwischen von der WHO empfohlen, viele Länder beginnen diese zeitnah einzuführen 2. Die folgende Vorstellung der Phase-III-Studie zu R21/Matrix-M beleuchtet aktuelle Daten und öffnet den Blick auf die zukünftige, breite Anwendung des Impfstoffs.
Kulturen kennenlernen und respektieren – Behindertenhilfe in Tansania
Authors: Kühl Lena
Published: October 2024

Im Mai 2023 reiste Lena Kühl nach Ostafrika, um als Volunteer in der Einrichtung „Human Dreams“ zu arbeiten. Während ihrer Zeit dort lernte sie nicht nur eine neue Kultur kennen, sondern auch, dass es wichtig ist, Menschen und Traditionen nicht nach eigenen Maßstäben zu bewerten.
Die eigene Gesundheit priorisieren – Gesunde Führungskräfte
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: October 2024

In der Vergangenheit beschäftigten sich Studien aus dem Arbeitsleben meistens mit der Gesundheit von Mitarbeitenden. Doch wie geht es eigentlich den Führungskräften in Deutschland? Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, wie prekär die Lage ist. Im folgenden Beitrag erfahren Sie, wie es um die Gesundheit von Führungspersonen steht und wodurch sie besonders beeinflusst wird.
Machbarkeit eines digitalen Übungsprogramms in der pädiatrischen
Onkologie
Authors: Soinski Nicole , Cario Gunnar , Riou Anouk , Schmidt Thorsten
Published: October 2024

Einleitung Kinder und Jugendliche bewegen sich während und nach einer
onkologischen Behandlung weniger als Gleichaltrige und weisen eine geringere
Leistungsfähigkeit und gesundheitsbezogene Lebensqualität (HRQoL) auf. Das
Konzept der Telemedizin ist ein vielversprechender Ansatz, um die
Versorgungsstruktur zu erweitern und Barrieren wie Entfernung, Zeit und Kosten
zu verringern. Diese Studie untersucht die Machbarkeit und Adhärenz eines
digitalen Übungsprogramms in der pädiatrischen Onkologie sowie den Einfluss auf
die motorische Leistungsfähigkeit und HRQoL.

Methoden Eingeschlossen wurden Kinder und Jugendliche im Alter von 6–19
Jahren während und nach einer Krebsbehandlung. Die Intervention erstreckte sich
über einen Zeitraum von 8 Wochen mit einer Trainingsempfehlung von 2
Einheiten/Woche. Die ersten drei Trainingseinheiten wurden unter direkter
Aufsicht durchgeführt und dann von den Teilnehmenden selbst, unter wöchentlicher
telemedizinischer Aufsicht, absolviert. Der Trainingsplan stand in einem
digitalen Programm zur Verfügung und war ortsunabhängig zugänglich. Die Adhärenz
wurde anhand der Anzahl der absolvierten Trainingseinheiten beurteilt. Die
motorische Leistungsfähigkeit und die HRQoL wurden zu Beginn (t0) und
nach 8 Wochen (t1) bewertet.

Ergebnisse Zehn Studienteilnehmende wurden rekrutiert, neun beendeten die
Intervention. Von den zwei Trainingseinheiten pro Woche wurden 63% absolviert.
Die häufigsten Gründe für eine Nichtteilnahme oder reduzierte Teilnahme (<
2/Woche) waren Krankheit (43%) und medizinische Eingriffe (29%). Verbesserungen
der motorischen Leistungsfähigkeit traten beim Einbeinstand und bei der
Griffkraft auf. Auch die HRQoL verbesserte sich in allen Therapiegruppen.

Schlussfolgerung Die Ergebnisse dieser Studie legen nahe, dass ein
digitales Übungsprogramm in der pädiatrischen Onkologie durchführbar und sicher
ist. Die durchgeführte Intervention scheint vielversprechend in Bezug auf die
Verringerung der therapiebedingten Inaktivität und die Verbesserung der
motorischen Leistung und der HRQoL. Das untersuchte Programm bietet die
Möglichkeit eines individuellen Trainingsplans, der von qualifiziertem
Fachpersonal überwacht wird und unabhängig von der Entfernung zu einem
onkologischen Spitzenzentrum durchgeführt werden kann. Es kann einen
zusätzlichen Baustein in der Sport- und Bewegungstherapie in der pädiatrischen
Onkologie darstellen. Zur Bestätigung dieser Annahmen ist eine groß angelegte
Studie geplant.
The future of medicine or a threat? Artificial intelligence representation in Chicago Med
Authors: Nádasi Eszter , Héder Mihály
Published: October 2024

The eighth season of the American medical drama series Chicago Med (2015–) represented the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in a hospital environment with multiple storylines. Born in the 1950s, medical dramas are among the most popular forms of serial television. Traditionally, the genre aims for a certain amount of accuracy and has educational goals. Former studies investigated the entertainment education and cultivation effects of these series, concluding that these dramas have the potential to contribute information and shape viewers’ opinions on various health-related topics. Chicago Med is a long-running broadcast production with a worldwide audience and considerable viewership. This paper analyzes the series’ representation of medical AI and discusses how this portrayal potentially shapes the audience’s opinion. The research started by identifying artificial intelligence-related storylines in the 22 episodes of the season. The analysis focused on the reasons and outcomes of AI applications, the character’s attitudes, and the ethical issues, including transparency, selective adherence, automation bias, responsibility gap, hallucination, unequal access, and political dimensions. The storyline analysis concluded that Chicago Med provided thought-provoking positive and negative scenarios about applying different types of AI in the surgical and emergency departments. The complex portrayal included groundbreaking opportunities, challenges, dangers, and ethical considerations. The main characters’ attitudes varied, from strong support or opposition to more nuanced, shifting opinions. The educative and engaging content has a potential for knowledge transfer and encourages critical thinking about medical AI.
Predicting solar energy output with machine learning
Authors: Lange Katherine De
Published: October 2024

Using machine learning, satellite-derived data can be integrated with ground-measured data to generate accurate solar radiation estimates, enabling the implementation of solar technology in developing countries.