bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Sensitive, Colorimetric, High-Throughput Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium knowlesi
Authors: Britton Sumudu , Cheng Qin , Grigg Matthew J. , William Timothy , Anstey Nicholas M. , McCarthy James S.
Published: May 2016

The simian parasite Plasmodium knowlesi is now the commonest cause of malaria in Malaysia and can rapidly cause severe and fatal malaria. However, microscopic misdiagnosis of Plasmodium species is common, rapid antigen detection tests remain insufficiently sensitive and confirmation of P. knowlesi requires polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Thus available point-of-care diagnostic tests are inadequate. This study reports the development of a simple, sensitive, colorimetric, high-throughput loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay (HtLAMP) diagnostic test using novel primers for the detection of P. knowlesi. This assay is able to detect 0.2 parasites/μL, and compared with PCR has a sensitivity of 96% for the detection of P. knowlesi, making it a potentially field-applicable point-of-care diagnostic tool.
MIPAS database: new HNO3 line parameters at 7.6  µm validated with MIPAS satellite measurements
Authors: Perrin Agnès , Flaud Jean-Marie , Ridolfi Marco , Vander Auwera Jean , Carlotti Massimo
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Improved line positions and intensities have been generated for the 7.6 µm spectral region of nitric acid. They were obtained relying on a recent reinvestigation of the nitric acid band system at 7.6 µm and comparisons of HNO3 volume mixing ratio profiles retrieved from the Michelson Interferometer for Passive Atmospheric Sounding (MIPAS) limb emission radiances in the 11 and 7.6 µm domains. This has led to an improved database called MIPAS-2015. Comparisons with available laboratory information (individual line intensities, integrated absorption cross sections, and absorption cross sections) show that MIPAS-2015 provides an improved description of the 7.6 µm region of nitric acid. This study should help to improve HNO3 satellite retrievals by allowing measurements to be performed simultaneously in the 11 and 7.6 µm micro-windows. In particular, it should be useful to analyze existing MIPAS and IASI spectra as well as spectra to be recorded by the forthcoming Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer – New Generation (IASI-NG) instrument.
Properties of inertia-gravity waves in the lowermost stratosphere as observed by the PANSY radar over Syowa Station in the Antarctic
Authors: Mihalikova Maria , Sato Kaoru , Tsutsumi Masaki , Sato Toru
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Inertia-gravity waves (IGWs) are an important component for the dynamics of the middle atmosphere. However, observational studies needed to constrain their forcing are still insufficient especially in the remote areas of the Antarctic region. One year of observational data (January to December 2013) by the PANSY radar of the wind components (vertical resolution of 150 m and temporal resolution of 30 min) are used to derive statistical analysis of the properties of IGWs with short vertical wavelengths ( ≤ 4 km) and ground-based periods longer than 4 h in the lowermost stratosphere (height range 10 to 12 km) with the help of the hodograph method. The annual change of the IGWs parameters are inspected but no pronounced year cycle is found. The year is divided into two seasons (summer and winter) based on the most prominent difference in the ratio of Coriolis parameter (f) to intrinsic frequency (ω^) distribution. Average of f∕ω^  for the winter season is 0.40 and for the summer season 0.45 and the average horizontal wavelengths are 140 and 160 km respectively. Vertical wavelengths have an average of 1.85 km through the year. For both seasons the properties of IGWs with upward and downward propagation of the energy are also derived and compared. The percentage of downward propagating waves is 10.7 and 18.4 % in the summer and winter season respectively. This seasonal change is more than the one previously reported in the studies from mid-latitudes and model-based studies. It is in agreement with the findings of past radiosonde data-based studies from the Antarctic region. In addition, using the so-called dual-beam technique, vertical momentum flux and the variance of the horizontal perturbation velocities of IGWs are examined. Tropospheric disturbances of synoptic-scale are suggested as a source of episodes of IGWs with large variance of horizontal perturbation velocities, and this is shown in a number of cases.
Sex-associated variations in coral skeletal oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of Porites panamensis in the southern Gulf of California
Authors: Cabral-Tena Rafael A. , Sánchez Alberto , Reyes-Bonilla Héctor , Ruvalcaba-Díaz Angel H. , Balart Eduardo F.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Coral δ18O variations are used as a proxy for changes in sea surface temperature (SST) and seawater isotope composition. Skeletal δ13C of coral is frequently used as a proxy for solar radiation because most of its variability is controlled by an interrelationship between three processes: photosynthesis, respiration, and feeding. Coral growth rate is known to influence the δ18O and δ13C isotope record to a lesser extent than environmental variables. Recent published data show differences in growth parameters between female and male coral in the gonochoric brooding coral Porites panamensis; thus, skeletal δ18O and δ13C are hypothesized to be different in each sex. To test this, this study describes changes in the skeletal δ18O and δ13C record of four female and six male Porites panamensis coral collected in Bahía de La Paz, Mexico, whose growth bands spanned 12 years. The isotopic data were compared to SST, precipitation, photosynthetically active radiation (PAR), chlorophyll a, and skeletal growth parameters. Porites panamensis is a known gonochoric brooder whose growth parameters are different in females and males. Splitting the data by sexes explained 81 and 93 % of the differences of δ18O, and of δ13C, respectively, in the isotope record between colonies. Both isotope records were different between sexes. δ18O was higher in female colonies than in male colonies, with a 0.31 ‰ difference; δ13C was lower in female colonies, with a 0.28 ‰ difference. A difference in the skeletal δ18O could introduce an error in SST estimates of  ≈  1.0 to  ≈  2.6 °C. The δ18O records showed a seasonal pattern that corresponded to SST, with low correlation coefficients (−0.45, −0.32), and gentle slopes (0.09, 0.10 ‰ °C−1) of the δ18O–SST relation. Seasonal variation in coral δ18O represents only 52.37 and 35.66 % of the SST cycle; 29.72 and 38.53 % can be attributed to δ18O variability in seawater. δ13C data did not correlate with any of the environmental variables; therefore, variations in skeletal δ13C appear to be driven mainly by metabolic effects. Our results support the hypothesis of a sex-associated difference in skeletal δ18O and δ13C signal, and suggest that environmental conditions and coral growth parameters affect skeletal isotopic signals differently in each sex. Although these findings relate to one gonochoric brooding species, they may have some implications for the more commonly used gonochoric spawning species such as Porites lutea and Porites lobata.
Processes regulating progressive nitrogen limitation under elevated carbon dioxide: a meta-analysis
Authors: Liang Junyi , Qi Xuan , Souza Lara , Luo Yiqi
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The nitrogen (N) cycle has the potential to regulate climate change through its influence on carbon (C) sequestration. Although extensive research has explored whether or not progressive N limitation (PNL) occurs under CO2 enrichment, a comprehensive assessment of the processes that regulate PNL is still lacking. Here, we quantitatively synthesized the responses of all major processes and pools in the terrestrial N cycle with meta-analysis of CO2 experimental data available in the literature. The results showed that CO2 enrichment significantly increased N sequestration in the plant and litter pools but not in the soil pool, partially supporting one of the basic assumptions in the PNL hypothesis that elevated CO2 results in more N sequestered in organic pools. However, CO2 enrichment significantly increased the N influx via biological N fixation and the loss via N2O emission, but decreased the N efflux via leaching. In addition, no general diminished CO2 fertilization effect on plant growth was observed over time up to the longest experiment of 13 years. Overall, our analyses suggest that the extra N supply by the increased biological N fixation and decreased leaching may potentially alleviate PNL under elevated CO2 conditions in spite of the increases in plant N sequestration and N2O emission. Moreover, our syntheses indicate that CO2 enrichment increases soil ammonium (NH4+) to nitrate (NO3−) ratio. The changed NH4+/NO3− ratio and subsequent biological processes may result in changes in soil microenvironments, above-belowground community structures and associated interactions, which could potentially affect the terrestrial biogeochemical cycles. In addition, our data synthesis suggests that more long-term studies, especially in regions other than temperate ones, are needed for comprehensive assessments of the PNL hypothesis.
Global warming potential and greenhouse gas intensity in rice agriculture driven by high yields and nitrogen use efficiency
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxu , Xu Xin , Liu Yinglie , Wang Jinyang , Xiong Zhengqin
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Our understanding of how global warming potential (GWP) and greenhouse gas intensity (GHGI) is affected by management practices aimed at food security with respect to rice agriculture remains limited. In the present study, a field experiment was conducted in China to evaluate the effects of integrated soil–crop system management (ISSM) on GWP and GHGI after accounting for carbon dioxide (CO2) equivalent emissions from all sources, including methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions, agrochemical inputs and farm operations and sinks (i.e., soil organic carbon sequestration). The ISSM mainly consisted of different nitrogen (N) fertilization rates and split, manure, Zn and Na2SiO3 fertilization and planting density for the improvement of rice yield and agronomic nitrogen use efficiency (NUE). Four ISSM scenarios consisting of different chemical N rates relative to the local farmers' practice (FP) rate were carried out, namely, ISSM-N1 (25 % reduction), ISSM-N2 (10 % reduction), ISSM-N3 (FP rate) and ISSM-N4 (25 % increase). The results showed that compared with the FP, the four ISSM scenarios significantly increased the rice yields by 10, 16, 28 and 41 % and the agronomic NUE by 75, 67, 35 and 40 %, respectively. In addition, compared with the FP, the ISSM-N1 and ISSM-N2 scenarios significantly reduced the GHGI by 14 and 18 %, respectively, despite similar GWPs. The ISSM-N3 and ISSM-N4 scenarios remarkably increased the GWP and GHGI by an average of 69 and 39 %, respectively. In conclusion, the ISSM strategies are promising for both food security and environmental protection, and the ISSM scenario of ISSM-N2 is the optimal strategy to realize high yields and high NUE together with low environmental impacts for this agricultural rice field.
Along-stream transport and transformation of dissolved organic matter in a large tropical river
Authors: Lambert Thibault , Teodoru Cristian R. , Nyoni Frank C. , Bouillon Steven , Darchambeau François , Massicotte Philippe , Borges Alberto V.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Large rivers transport considerable amounts of terrestrial dissolved organic matter (DOM) to the ocean. However, downstream gradients and temporal variability in DOM fluxes and characteristics are poorly studied at the scale of large river basins, especially in tropical areas. Here, we report longitudinal patterns in DOM content and composition based on absorbance and fluorescence measurements along the Zambezi River and its main tributary, the Kafue River, during two hydrological seasons. During high-flow periods, a greater proportion of aromatic and humic DOM was mobilized along rivers due to the hydrological connectivity with wetlands, while low-flow periods were characterized by lower DOM content of less aromaticity resulting from loss of connectivity with wetlands, more efficient degradation of terrestrial DOM and enhanced autochthonous productivity. Changes in water residence time due to contrasting water discharge were found to modulate the fate of DOM along the river continuum. Thus, high water discharge promotes the transport of terrestrial DOM downstream relative to its degradation, while low water discharge enhances the degradation of DOM during its transport. The longitudinal evolution of DOM was also strongly impacted by a hydrological buffering effect in large reservoirs in which the seasonal variability of DOM fluxes and composition was strongly reduced.
ESMValTool (v1.0) – a community diagnostic and performance metrics tool for routine evaluation of Earth system models in CMIP
Authors: Eyring Veronika , Righi Mattia , Lauer Axel , Evaldsson Martin , Wenzel Sabrina , Jones Colin , Anav Alessandro , Andrews Oliver , Cionni Irene , Davin Edouard L. , Deser Clara , Ehbrecht Carsten , Friedlingstein Pierre , Gleckler Peter , Gottschaldt Klaus-Dirk , Hagemann Stefan , Juckes Martin , Kindermann Stephan , Krasting John , Kunert Dominik , Levine Richard , Loew Alexander , Mäkelä Jarmo , Martin Gill , Mason Erik , Phillips Adam S. , Read Simon , Rio Catherine , Roehrig Romain , Senftleben Daniel , Sterl Andreas , van Ulft Lambertus H. , Walton Jeremy , Wang Shiyu , Williams Keith D.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. A community diagnostics and performance metrics tool for the evaluation of Earth system models (ESMs) has been developed that allows for routine comparison of single or multiple models, either against predecessor versions or against observations. The priority of the effort so far has been to target specific scientific themes focusing on selected essential climate variables (ECVs), a range of known systematic biases common to ESMs, such as coupled tropical climate variability, monsoons, Southern Ocean processes, continental dry biases, and soil hydrology–climate interactions, as well as atmospheric CO2 budgets, tropospheric and stratospheric ozone, and tropospheric aerosols. The tool is being developed in such a way that additional analyses can easily be added. A set of standard namelists for each scientific topic reproduces specific sets of diagnostics or performance metrics that have demonstrated their importance in ESM evaluation in the peer-reviewed literature. The Earth System Model Evaluation Tool (ESMValTool) is a community effort open to both users and developers encouraging open exchange of diagnostic source code and evaluation results from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) ensemble. This will facilitate and improve ESM evaluation beyond the state-of-the-art and aims at supporting such activities within CMIP and at individual modelling centres. Ultimately, we envisage running the ESMValTool alongside the Earth System Grid Federation (ESGF) as part of a more routine evaluation of CMIP model simulations while utilizing observations available in standard formats (obs4MIPs) or provided by the user.
High-end climate change impact on European runoff and low flows – exploring the effects of forcing biases
Authors: Papadimitriou Lamprini V. , Koutroulis Aristeidis G. , Grillakis Manolis G. , Tsanis Ioannis K.
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Climate models project a much more substantial warming than the 2 °C target under the more probable emission scenarios, making higher-end scenarios increasingly plausible. Freshwater availability under such conditions is a key issue of concern. In this study, an ensemble of Euro-CORDEX projections under RCP8.5 is used to assess the mean and low hydrological states under +4 °C of global warming for the European region. Five major European catchments were analysed in terms of future drought climatology and the impact of +2 °C versus +4 °C global warming was investigated. The effect of bias correction of the climate model outputs and the observations used for this adjustment was also quantified. Projections indicate an intensification of the water cycle at higher levels of warming. Even for areas where the average state may not considerably be affected, low flows are expected to reduce, leading to changes in the number of dry days and thus drought climatology. The identified increasing or decreasing runoff trends are substantially intensified when moving from the +2 to the +4° of global warming. Bias correction resulted in an improved representation of the historical hydrology. It is also found that the selection of the observational data set for the application of the bias correction has an impact on the projected signal that could be of the same order of magnitude to the selection of the Global Climate Model (GCM).
Accounting for three sources of uncertainty in ensemble hydrological forecasting
Authors: Thiboult Antoine , Anctil François , Boucher Marie-Amélie
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Seeking more accuracy and reliability, the hydrometeorological community has developed several tools to decipher the different sources of uncertainty in relevant modeling processes. Among them, the ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), multimodel approaches and meteorological ensemble forecasting proved to have the capability to improve upon deterministic hydrological forecast. This study aims to untangle the sources of uncertainty by studying the combination of these tools and assessing their respective contribution to the overall forecast quality. Each of these components is able to capture a certain aspect of the total uncertainty and improve the forecast at different stages in the forecasting process by using different means. Their combination outperforms any of the tools used solely. The EnKF is shown to contribute largely to the ensemble accuracy and dispersion, indicating that the initial conditions uncertainty is dominant. However, it fails to maintain the required dispersion throughout the entire forecast horizon and needs to be supported by a multimodel approach to take into account structural uncertainty. Moreover, the multimodel approach contributes to improving the general forecasting performance and prevents this performance from falling into the model selection pitfall since models differ strongly in their ability. Finally, the use of probabilistic meteorological forcing was found to contribute mostly to long lead time reliability. Particular attention needs to be paid to the combination of the tools, especially in the EnKF tuning to avoid overlapping in error deciphering.
Geomorphometric analysis of cave ceiling channels mapped with 3-D terrestrial laser scanning
Authors: Gallay Michal , Hochmuth Zdenko , Kaňuk Ján , Hofierka Jaroslav
Published: May 2016

Abstract. The change of hydrological conditions during the evolution of caves in carbonate rocks often results in a complex subterranean geomorphology, which comprises specific landforms such as ceiling channels, anastomosing half tubes, or speleothems organized vertically in different levels. Studying such complex environments traditionally requires tedious mapping; however, this is being replaced with terrestrial laser scanning technology. Laser scanning overcomes the problem of reaching high ceilings, providing new options to map underground landscapes with unprecedented level of detail and accuracy. The acquired point cloud can be handled conveniently with dedicated software, but applying traditional geomorphometry to analyse the cave surface is limited. This is because geomorphometry has been focused on parameterization and analysis of surficial terrain. The theoretical and methodological concept has been based on two-dimensional (2-D) scalar fields, which are sufficient for most cases of the surficial terrain. The terrain surface is modelled with a bivariate function of altitude (elevation) and represented by a raster digital elevation model. However, the cave is a 3-D entity; therefore, a different approach is required for geomorphometric analysis. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of high-resolution cave mapping and 3-D modelling to better understand the palaeohydrography of the Domica cave in Slovakia. This methodological approach adopted traditional geomorphometric methods in a unique manner and also new methods used in 3-D computer graphics, which can be applied to study other 3-D geomorphological forms.
Evidence of recent changes in the ice regime of lakes in the Canadian High Arctic from spaceborne satellite observations
Authors: Surdu Cristina M. , Duguay Claude R. , Fernández Prieto Diego
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Arctic lakes, through their ice cover phenology, are a key indicator of climatic changes that the high-latitude environment is experiencing. In the case of lakes in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago (CAA), many of which are ice covered more than 10 months per year, warmer temperatures could result in ice regime shifts. Within the dominant polar-desert environment, small local warmer areas have been identified. These relatively small regions – polar oases – with longer growing seasons and greater biological productivity and diversity are secluded from the surrounding barren polar desert. The ice regimes of 11 lakes located in both polar-desert and polar-oasis environments, with surface areas between 4 and 542 km2, many of unknown bathymetry, were documented. In order to investigate the response of ice cover of lakes in the CAA to climate conditions during recent years, a 15-year time series (1997–2011) of RADARSAT-1/2 ScanSAR Wide Swath, ASAR Wide Swath, and Landsat acquisitions were analyzed. Results show that melt onset occurred earlier for all observed lakes. With the exception of Lower Murray Lake, all lakes experienced earlier summer ice minimum and water-clear-of-ice (WCI) dates, with greater changes being observed for polar-oasis lakes (9–24 days earlier WCI dates for lakes located in polar oases and 2–20 days earlier WCI dates for polar-desert lakes). Additionally, results suggest that some lakes may be transitioning from a perennial/multiyear to a seasonal ice regime, with only a few lakes maintaining a multiyear ice cover on occasional years. Aside Lake Hazen and Murray Lakes, which preserved their ice cover during the summer of 2009, no residual ice was observed on any of the other lakes from 2007 to 2011.
KVĖPAVIMO PRO BURNĄ IR KITŲ NETAISYKLINGŲ ĮPROČIŲ PAPLITIMAS TARP IKIMOKYKLINIO AMŽIAUS VAIKŲ
Authors: Borisovaitė Marija , Lopatienė Kristina
Published: May 2016

Atlikta vaikų nuo 2 iki 6 metų amžiaus tėvų anoniminė anketinė apklausa Kauno miesto ikimokyklinio ugdymo įstaigose. Iš 334 tirtų vaikų, kurių amžius svyravo nuo 2 iki 6 metų, 162 buvo mergaitės ir 172 berniukai. 74,93% tiriamųjų turėjo bent vieną netaisyklingą įprotį: po 1 arba 2 įpročius turėjo 24,48% vaikų, 3 – 16,12%, 4 – 5,97%, 5 – 2,69%, visai netaisyklingų įpročių neturėjo 25,07% vaikų. 32,2% tiriamųjų kvėpuoja pro burną, dantimis griežia 15,6% vaikų, nagus kramto 15,2%, skruostus bei lūpas kramto 7,5 % ir 4,8% vaikų čiulpia pirštą. Netaisyklinga laikysena stebėta 20,2%, netaisyklinga artikuliacija – 35,8% tiriamųjų. Išvados: 74,93% vaikų stebėtas vienas ir daugiau tirtų netaisyklingų įpročių. Dažniausiai nustatomas kvėpavimo pro burną, rečiausiai – piršto čiulpimo įprotis.
Statinis ir dinaminis regos aštrumas
Authors: Paužuolytė Ramunė , Liutkevičienė Rasa , Šileikaitė Milda , Marozas Mindaugas , Marozas Vaidotas , Stanaitis Skirmantas , Liutkevičius Vykintas , Ulozas Virgilijus , Ulozienė Ingrida
Published: May 2016

Statinis regos aštrumas - tai gebėjimas aiškiai matyti nejudantį objektą iš nejudančios pozicijos. Statinis regos aštrumas nurodo regos funkcijos pablogėjimą, kuris gali atsirasti dėl pakitimų priekiniame segmente, tinklainėje, dėl neuroninio apdorojimo sutrikimų, tinklainės neuronų, regos kelio ar kitų regos organų pažeidimų. Dinaminis regos aštrumas yra gebėjimas išskirti objektą esant judėjimui tarp objekto ir stebėtojo. Gerai funkcionuojantys pusratiniai kanalai ir otolitiniai organai periferinėje vestibulinėje sistemoje būtini išlaikyti žvilgsnį ir eisenos stabilumą palaikyti galvos judesių metu. Tai yra pasiekiama išcentrinių vestibulookulinių ir vestibulospinalinių refleksų pagalba. Pusratinių kanalų ir/ ar otolitinių organų pažeidimai sukelia regėjimo aštrumo pablogėjimą galvos judesių metu, t.y. pablogina dinaminį regos aštrumą, sąlygoja laikysenos ir pusiausvyros sutrikimą, galvos svaigimą, griuvimą, pykinimą ir dezorientaciją.
Diagnostics of subtropical plants functional state by cluster analysis
Authors: Belous Oksana , Malyarovskaya Valentina , Klemeshova Kristina
Published: May 2016

The article presents an application example of statistical methods for data analysis on diagnosis of the adaptive capacity of subtropical plants varieties. We depicted selection indicators and basic physiological parameters that were defined as diagnostic. We used evaluation on a set of parameters of water regime, there are: determination of water deficit of the leaves, determining the fractional composition of water and detection parameters of the concentration of cell sap (CCS) (for tea culture flushes). These settings are characterized by high liability and high responsiveness to the effects of many abiotic factors that determined the particular care in the selection of plant material for analysis and consideration of the impact on sustainability. On the basis of the experimental data calculated the coefficients of pair correlation between climatic factors and used physiological indicators. The result was a selection of physiological and biochemical indicators proposed to assess the adaptability and included in the basis of methodical recommendations on diagnostics of the functional state of the studied cultures. Analysis of complex studies involving a large number of indicators is quite difficult, especially does not allow to quickly identify the similarity of new varieties for their adaptive responses to adverse factors, and, therefore, to set general requirements to conditions of cultivation. Use of cluster analysis suggests that in the analysis of only quantitative data; define a set of variables used to assess varieties (and the more sampling, the more accurate the clustering will happen), be sure to ascertain the measure of similarity (or difference) between objects. It is shown that the identification of diagnostic features, which are subjected to statistical processing, impact the accuracy of the varieties classification. Selection in result of the mono-clusters analysis (variety tea Kolhida; hazelnut Lombardsky red; variety kiwi Monty and Hydrangea forma rosea) shown as a helpful tool to detect drastically different varieties.
Possibilities of microscopic detection of isolated porcine proteins in model meat products
Authors: Petrášová Michaela , Zichová Eliška , Pospiech Matej , Tremlová Bohuslava , Javůrková Zdeňka
Published: May 2016

In recent years, various protein additives intended for manufacture of meat products have increasing importance in the food industry. These ingredients include both, plant-origin as well as animal-origin proteins. Among animal proteins, blood plasma, milk protein or collagen are used most commonly. Collagen is obtained from pork, beef, and poultry or fish skin. Collagen does not contain all the essential amino acids, thus it is not a full protein in terms of essential amino acids supply for one's organism. However, it is rather rich in amino acids of glycine, hydroxyproline and proline which are almost absent in other proteins and their synthesis is very energy intensive. Collagen, which is added to the soft and small meat products in the form of isolated porcine protein, significantly affects the organoleptic properties of these products. This work focused on detection of isolated porcine protein in model meat products where detection of isolated porcine protein was verified by histological staining and light microscopy. Seven model meat products from poultry meat and 7 model meat products from beef and pork in the ratio of 1:1, which contained 2.5% concentration of various commercially produced isolated porcine proteins, were examined. These model meat products were histologically processed by means of cryosections and stained with hematoxylin-eosin staining, toluidine blue staining and Calleja. For the validation phase, Calleja was utilized. To determine the sensitivity and specificity, five model meat products containing the addition of isolated porcine protein and five model meat products free of it were used. The sensitivity was determined for isolated porcine protein at 1.00 and specificity was determined at 1.00. The detection limit of the method was at the level of 0.001% addition. Repeatability of the method was carried out using products with addition as well as without addition of isolated porcine protein and detection was repeated 10 times. Repeatability in both, positive and negative samples, for isolated porcine protein was determined at 100%. The results show that the histological processing of cryosections stained using Calleja is suitable for detecting isolated porcine protein in meat products.
The effect of storage on quality of herbs genus Origanum
Authors: Kouřimská Lenka , Ešlerová Kateřina , Khatri Ynus
Published: May 2016

Herbs of Origanum genus are rich in essential oils and contain large amounts of phenols, lipids, fatty acids, flavonoids and anthocyanins. Antioxidant activity of these herbs depends on many factors, including the type herbs, post-harvest processing and subsequent processing. The aim of this study was therefore to confirm the hypothesis that the composition of oils of these two herbs of the Origanum genus depends on the post-harvest treatment of herbs and that the dried herb antioxidant activity is higher for fresh than that of frozen herbs. Lamiaceae family herbs: oregano (Origanum vulgare L.) and Greek oregano (Origanum heracleoticum L.) were planted and analyzed. Herb samples were extracted by hot demineralised water. DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method was used for antioxidant activity assessment. The total phenolic content was determined spectrophotometrically by using Folin-Ciocalteu reagent. Steam distillation of essential oils was carried out via Clevenger Apparatus. The obtained essential oils were analysed by GC-MS technique. Results of tested fresh, dried and frozen herbs showed a considerable potential for quenching the free DPPH radical. Significantly higher antioxidant activity was found in dried herbs comparing to fresh and frozen, but only in case of values calculated per 100 g of the sample. However, the differences were not statistically significant after recalculation when expressed on dry matter content. There was no difference between fresh and frozen samples. The content of total phenols was significantly higher in dried than in frozen herbs in values recalculated per 100 g of sample. A strong correlation between the results of DPPH and TPC was found again only for values expressed per 100 g of the sample. Post-harvest treatment of herbs affects the composition of their essential oils. The dominant essential oil component of Greek oregano is carvacrol with a proportion of 60% or more. On the contrary, there is no such dominating component in oregano essential oil but there are more components with a share of 10 to 20%.
The Limits of Empire in Davenant'sThe Siege of Rhodes
Authors: Park Judy H.
Published: May 2016

This article examines William Davenant's Interregnum drama, The Siege of Rhodes (1656), and its political and aesthetic interventions in debates about sovereignty and the emergent possibilities of English imperial power under Cromwell's Commonwealth government. Davenant's play, which dramatizes the imperial power of the Ottoman Turks against European forces in the Mediterranean, should be contextualized in relation to Cromwell's Western Design, a plan for foreign policy that sought to advance English colonialism in the West Indies. Although Davenant's play at first appears to support English expansionism, Davenant's language and stagecraft reveal the limits and contradictions of the desire for empire.
editorial v8.1
Authors: Chueke Zelia
Published: May 2016

editorial
autores v8.1
Authors: Perspectiva Música em
Published: May 2016

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Padrões musicais do samba-enredo na era do Sambódromo
Authors: Prado Yuri
Published: May 2016

Através da apresentação de algumas das estruturas musicais mais recorrentes no samba-enredo dos últimos trinta anos, o presente artigo procura estabelecer uma terminologia para tais fenômenos e fazer uma reflexão sobre o processo de padronização sofrido pelo samba-enredo, tendo como base o conceito de mudança musical sugerido por John Blacking.
A proposição de um plano de ensino e aprendizagem de violino em grupo no curso superior na perspectiva de estudantes, professores e avaliadores externos
Authors: Gerling Fredi , Santos Regina Antunes Teixeira dos
Published: May 2016

O presente artigo discute a perspectiva de avaliação da aprendizagem de alunos de violino recém-ingressos (N = 6) em curso superior de música sob a óptica dos estudantes, bem como de avaliadores externos. As técnicas de coletas de dados na investigação foram: (i) registros em áudio e vídeo; (ii) auto-avalição e (iii) Descrição de pontos fortes e fracos nos produtos. Para os árbitros, os pontos fortes foram referentes à técnica da mão direta (ponto de contato; divisão, uso e planejamento do arco) e demostraram menor progresso em termos de: mão direita (excesso de energia do uso do arco, tensão no braço direito, pressão e velocidade do arco). Os estudantes em suas auto-avaliações focaram-se no domínio e coordenação do arco
Diretrizes para submissões
Authors: Chueke Zelia
Published: May 2016

Diretrizes para submissões
Sounding Against Nuclear Power in Post-3.11 Japan: Resonances of Silence and Chindon-ya
Authors: Abe Marié
Published: May 2016

In this paper, I explore the tension between the socially mandated silence of jishuku and the sounds of anti-nuclear power street protests to investigate how chindon-ya, an ostentatious musical advertisement practice on the street, has become politicized as a sonic emblem of the recent anti-nuclear movement in post-3.11 disaster Japan. By listening to both the sound of chindon-ya at demonstrations and the weighty silence of jishuku together, I suggest that chindon-ya sounds are foregrounding new political possibilities, enabling a broader-based movement toward, and beyond, what anthropologist Marc Abélès calls "the politics of survival" in contemporary Japan.
The Effect of Teaching Structural Discourse Markers in an EFL Classroom Setting
Authors: Alraddadi Budoor Muslim
Published: May 2016

This study aimed to explore the effects of explicit teaching on the acquisition of spoken discourse markers (DMs) on EFL learners’ presentation production. It also aimed to measure the impact of two different treatments on the acquisition of a set of DMs.

This study is an experimental study and focuses on the overall production of spoken structural DMs in pre and post instruction where two particular teaching methods are employed. For this purpose, 41 English as a Foreign Language (EFL) female learners from the foundation program participated and they were on the Upper intermediate or B2 level on the Common European Framework of Reference Ability Scale (CEFR) at Taibah University in Saudi Arabia. Learners were divided into two groups; one group was taught using Task-Based-Language Teaching method (TBLT) while for the other group was taught using the Presentation-Practice-Production model (PPP) was used. Based on the functions of structural discourse markers, five selected topics were taught by the researcher for two hours per lesson, which makes up ten hours per group.

The study mainly aspires to answer three questions; Firstly, it explores which discourse markers do Saudi EFL learners use in giving presentations in English speaking classes (pre–test) and the reason for doing so, is to examine the progress of learners use of DMs through the whole teaching period. Secondly, it investigates which DMs do Saudi learners use after instruction in the immediate post-test and in the delayed post-test that is four weeks after the instruction. Finally, by carrying out a comparative analysis between (TBLT and PPP) the study aims to find out which teaching method is more effective and why.
Narrativas de aprender, narrativas de ensinar: como venho aprendendo a ensinar artes visuais
Authors: Assis Henrique Lima
Published: May 2016

Fundamentado em Hall (2005), Dubar (1997), Nóvoa (1992), compartilho, neste artigo, algumas experiências que marcaram o modo como venho aprendendo a ensinar artes visuais. Sendo que os espaços escolares se constituem em um dos lugares que contribuem para as minhas identificações culturais, compartilho, também, algumasreflexões oriundas da unidade temática de ensino, intitulada Olhares elet rônicos: uma experiência com a cultura visual, desenvolvida com estudantes do ensino médio, numa escola estadual de Goiânia. Então, apoiado na concepção de Sacristán (1995), os desenhos curriculares selecionam e valorizam mais certos conteúdos em relação aos demais, nesta unidade temática, selecionei o videoclipe como possibilidade de refletir sobre como vemos, como somos vistos e como somos capazes de ver a nós mesmos e o mundo.
Rho Kinase Inhibition Is Essential During In Vitro Neurogenesis and Promotes Phenotypic Rescue of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neurons With Oligophrenin-1 Loss of Function
Authors: Compagnucci Claudia , Barresi Sabina , Petrini Stefania , Billuart Pierre , Piccini Giorgia , Chiurazzi Pietro , Alfieri Paolo , Bertini Enrico , Zanni Ginevra
Published: May 2016

Rho-GTPases have relevant functions in various aspects of neuronal development, such as differentiation, migration, and synaptogenesis. Loss of function of the oligophrenin-1 gene (OPHN1) causes X-linked intellectual disability with cerebellar hypoplasia and leads to hyperactivation of the rho kinase (ROCK) pathway. ROCK mainly acts through phosphorylation of the myosin phosphatase targeting subunit 1, triggering actin-myosin contractility. We show that during in vitro neurogenesis, ROCK activity decreases from day 10 until terminal differentiation, whereas in OPHN1-deficient human induced pluripotent stem cells (h-iPSCs), the levels of ROCK are elevated throughout differentiation. ROCK inhibition favors neuronal-like appearance of h-iPSCs, in parallel with transcriptional upregulation of nuclear receptor NR4A1, which is known to induce neurite outgrowth. This study analyzed the morphological, biochemical, and functional features of OPHN1-deficient h-iPSCs and their rescue by treatment with the ROCK inhibitor fasudil, shedding light on the relevance of the ROCK pathway during neuronal differentiation and providing a neuronal model for human OPHN1 syndrome and its treatment.

Significance

The analysis of the levels of rho kinase (ROCK) activity at different stages of in vitro neurogenesis of human induced pluripotent stem cells reveals that ROCK activity decreases progressively in parallel with the appearance of neuronal-like morphology and upregulation of nuclear receptor NR4A1. These results shed light on the role of the ROCK pathway during early stages of human neurogenesis and provide a neuronal stem cell-based model for the treatment of OPHN1 syndrome and other neurological disorders due to ROCK dysfunction.
La perception du groove dans la musique funk et ses dérivés : revue et analyses
Authors: Doucet Jeanne
Published: May 2016

Cet article porte sur le groove, plus précisément sur celui que l’on peut retrouver dans des genres musicaux populaires tels que le funk, la soul et certains types de jazz ; le phénomène y est abordé selon l’angle de ses spécificités perceptives.

Le groove étant souvent ressenti mais très rarement verbalisé, il importait d’en donner une définition, d’une part en situant l’objet d’étude à partir de la littérature sur le sujet, mais aussi en rapportant le résultat d’entrevues menées auprès de musiciens (trois étudiants provenant de trois différents programmes universitaires en musique). La question de la perception est ensuite explorée au moyen de travaux de psychologie de la musique.

Le groove est compris comme un phénomène essentiellement rythmique qui, au niveau musical, prend généralement ses sources dans la section rythmique (basse et batterie) d’une formation de jazz ou de funk. Un rythme syncopé se superpose à un mètre très clairement établi, que la pulsation soit directement jouée ou seulement induite. Le groove est cyclique et répétitif, ce qui suscite un effet d’entraînement menant l’auditeur au mouvement et même à la danse, desquels résulte un sentiment de bien-être. Cet affect positif joue un rôle central dans la définition du groove. La cyclicité et la répétitivité quant à elles sont à l’origine d’un phénomène d’entraînement qui peut se traduire au niveau corporel mais qui est avant tout cortical : c’est ce qui est appelé couplage sensorimoteur en sciences cognitives.

L’analyse de trois exemples musicaux tirés du répertoire funk et reconnus pour la qualité de leur groove sont analysés, « Doing it to Death » de James Brown, « Chameleon » de Herbie Hancock et « Superstition » de Stevie Wonder, permet d’observer comment les caractéristiques mentionnées plus haut se traduisent musicalement.
Heat shock factors in tomatoes: genome-wide identification, phylogenetic analysis and expression profiling under development and heat stress
Authors: Yang Xuedong , Zhu Weimin , Zhang Hui , Liu Na , Tian Shoubo
Published: May 2016

The HSF (heat shock factor) gene family contains highly conserved plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in plant high-temperature stress responses. The present study aimed to characterize the HSF transcription factor genes in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), which is an important vegetable crop worldwide and the model plant for fruit development studies. Twenty-six SlyHSF genes were identified in tomato, and the phylogenetic analysis showed the possible evolution profile of subgroups among in the plant kingdom. A new group O was identified that involved HSF genes in primitive plant species, like in the green algae, mosses and lycophytes. The gene structure and motifs of each SlyHSF were comprehensively analyzed. We identified orthologous, co-orthologous and paralogous HSF gene pairs in tomato, Arabidopsis and rice, and constructed a complex interaction network among these genes. The SlyHSF genes were expressed differentially in different species and at a higher level in mature fruits. The qPCR analysis was performed and showed SlyHSF genes greatly participate in plant heat tolerant pathways. Our comprehensive genome-wide analysis provided insights into the HSF gene family of tomatoes.
The Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) ubiquitin ligase affects chemosensory behavior inC. elegans
Authors: Wang Julia , Jennings Alexandra K. , Kowalski Jennifer R.
Published: May 2016

The regulation of fundamental aspects of neurobiological function has been linked to the ubiquitin signaling system (USS), which regulates the degradation and activity of proteins and is catalyzed by E1, E2, and E3 enzymes. The Anaphase-Promoting Complex (APC) is a multi-subunit E3 ubiquitin ligase that controls diverse developmental and signaling processes in post-mitotic neurons; however, potential roles for the APC in sensory function have yet to be explored. In this study, we examined the effect of the APC ubiquitin ligase on chemosensation inCaenorhabditis elegansby testing chemotaxis to the volatile odorants, diacetyl, pyrazine, and isoamyl alcohol, to which wild-type worms are attracted. Animals with loss of function mutations in either of two alleles (g48andye143) of the gene encoding the APC subunit EMB-27 APC6 showed increased chemotaxis towards diacetyl and pyrazine, odorants sensed by AWA neurons, but exhibited normal chemotaxis to isoamyl alcohol, which is sensed by AWC neurons. The statistically significant increase in chemotaxis in theemb-27 APC6mutants suggests that the APC inhibits AWA-mediated chemosensation inC. elegans. Increased chemotaxis to pyrazine was also seen with mutants lacking another essential APC subunit, MAT-2 APC1; however,mat-2 APC1mutants exhibited wild type responses to diacetyl. The difference in responsiveness of these two APC subunit mutants may be due to differential strength of these hypomorphic alleles or may indicate the presence of functional sub-complexes of the APC at work in this process. These findings are the first evidence for APC-mediated regulation of chemosensation and lay the groundwork for further studies aimed at identifying the expression levels, function, and targets of the APC in specific sensory neurons. Because of the similarity between human andC. elegansnervous systems, the role of the APC in sensory neurons may also advance our understanding of human sensory function and disease.
Advertisement call and genetic structure conservatism: good news for an endangered Neotropical frog
Authors: Forti Lucas R. , Costa William P. , Martins Lucas B. , Nunes-de-Almeida Carlos H. L. , Toledo Luís Felipe
Published: May 2016

Background:Many amphibian species are negatively affected by habitat change due to anthropogenic activities. Populations distributed over modified landscapes may be subject to local extinction or may be relegated to the remaining—likely isolated and possibly degraded—patches of available habitat. Isolation without gene flow could lead to variability in phenotypic traits owing to differences in local selective pressures such as environmental structure, microclimate, or site-specific species assemblages.

Methods:Here, we tested the microevolution hypothesis by evaluating the acoustic parameters of 349 advertisement calls from 15 males from six populations of the endangered amphibian speciesProceratophrys moratoi. In addition, we analyzed the genetic distances among populations and the genetic diversity with a haplotype network analysis. We performed cluster analysis on acoustic data based on the Bray-Curtis index of similarity, using the UPGMA method. We correlated acoustic dissimilarities (calculated by Euclidean distance) with geographical and genetic distances among populations.

Results:Spectral traits of the advertisement call ofP. moratoipresented lower coefficients of variation than did temporal traits, both within and among males. Cluster analyses placed individuals without congruence in population or geographical distance, but recovered the species topology in relation to sister species. The genetic distance among populations was low; it did not exceed 0.4% for the most distant populations, and was not correlated with acoustic distance.

Discussion:Both acoustic features and genetic sequences are highly conserved, suggesting that populations could be connected by recent migrations, and that they are subject to stabilizing selective forces. Although further studies are required, these findings add to a growing body of literature suggesting that this species would be a good candidate for a reintroduction program without negative effects on communication or genetic impact.