bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pericytes as the Orchestrators of Vasculature and Adipogenesis
Authors: Picoli Caroline de Carvalho , Birbrair Alexander , Li Ziru
Published: January 2024

Pericytes (PCs) are located surrounding the walls of small blood vessels, particularly capillaries and microvessels. In addition to their functions in maintaining vascular integrity, participating in angiogenesis, and regulating blood flow, PCs also serve as a reservoir for multi-potent stem/progenitor cells in white, brown, beige, and bone marrow adipose tissues. Due to the complex nature of this cell population, the identification and characterization of PCs has been challenging. A comprehensive understanding of the heterogeneity of PCs may enhance their potential as therapeutic targets for metabolic syndromes or bone-related diseases. This mini-review summarizes multiple PC markers commonly employed in lineage-tracing studies, with an emphasis on their contribution to adipogenesis and functions in different adipose depots under diverse metabolic conditions.
Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus, Psychopathology, Uncertainty and Alexithymia: A Clinical and Differential Exploratory Study
Authors: Merlo Emanuele Maria , Tutino Rita , Myles Liam Alexander MacKenzie , Alibrandi Angela , Lia Maria Carmela , Minasi Domenico
Published: January 2024

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) represents a complex pathology affecting a large number of people. Research suggests that psychological factors influence coping with T1DM. This study aimed to investigate the presence and role of psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty in people affected by T1DM. The sample consisted of 137 patients (88 females, 49 males) affected by T1DM aged from 11 to 19 years old (Mean: 13.87; SD: 2.40). The diagnostic protocol consisted of a sociodemographic questionnaire, Self-administration Psychiatric Scales for Children and Adolescents (SAFA), Toronto Alexithymia Scale-20 (TAS-20) and Intolerance to Uncertainty Scale-12 (IUS-12). Descriptive, differential, correlational and regression analyses were performed in order to examine the relationships between these variables. The results suggested the sample had high levels of psychopathological indexes, alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. Also, there were significant differences between TAS-20 and IUS-12 distributions with respect to psychopathology. Correlations and multivariate linear regressions indicated age, gender and education significantly predicted alexithymia and intolerance of uncertainty. This data suggest the presence of elevated psychopathology, alexithymia and uncertainty in people with diabetes.
Dermatology Self-Medication in Nursing Students and Professionals: A Multicentre Study
Authors: Batalla Ana , Martínez-Santos Alba-Elena , Braña Balige Sara , Varela Fontán Sara , Vilanova-Trillo Lucía , Diéguez Paz , Flórez Ángeles
Published: January 2024

Current evidence shows that the prevalence of self-medication in healthcare professionals and their students is troublingly high despite them knowing the risks involved. There is limited research on self-medication in dermatology, and there are even fewer studies on this practice among nurses and nursing students, despite the potential mucocutaneous health problems that may affect them. The aims of our study were to examine the prevalence of self-medication mainly in the field of dermatology among nurses and nursing students as well as to explore if age or years of professional/academic practice influenced such behaviour. This multicentre cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. In total, 120 nurses from the University Hospital of Pontevedra and 303 nursing students from the Universities of Vigo and Santiago de Compostela (N-W Spain) participated in this study (n = 423). An ad hoc questionnaire was used to evaluate self-medication decision-making. Self-medication for dermatological diseases was reported by 58.39% (n = 247) of participants. Among our respondents, 44.44% of nurses and 42.68% of students would recommend treatment for skin diseases to a third party. We found a higher prevalence of medication without prescription in nurses than in students (p < 0.001). More experience (p = 0.01) and older age (p < 0.001) were associated with more self-medication in the case of nurses and students, respectively. The prevalence of self-medication and treatment recommendation to a third party are cause for concern. Identifying these situations and associated factors may help to implement evidence-based strategies and education.
Management of Skin Lesions in Patients with Epidermolysis Bullosa by Topical Treatment: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Pabón-Carrasco Manuel , Caceres-Matos Rocio , Roche-Campos Marta , Hurtado-Guapo Maria Antonia , Ortiz-Romero Mercedes , Gordillo-Fernández Luis M. , Pabón-Carrasco Daniel , Castro-Méndez Aurora
Published: January 2024

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is the overarching term for a set of rare inherited skin fragility disorders that result from mutations in at least 20 different genes. Currently, there is no cure for any of the EB subtypes associated with various mutations. Existing therapies primarily focus on alleviating pain and promoting early wound healing to prevent potential complications. Consequently, there is an urgent need for innovative therapeutic approaches. The objective of this research was to assess the efficacy of various topical treatments in patients with EB with the goal of achieving wound healing. A secondary objective was to analyse the efficacy of topical treatments for symptom reduction. A literature search was conducted using scientific databases, including The Cochrane Library, Medline (Pubmed), Web of Science, CINHAL, Embase, and Scopus. The protocol review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: 418790), and inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, resulting in the selection of 23 articles. Enhanced healing times were observed compared with the control group. No conclusive data have been observed on pain management, infection, pruritus episodes, and cure rates over time. Additionally, evidence indicates significant progress in gene therapies (B-VEC), as well as cell and protein therapies. The dressing group, Oleogel S-10, allantoin and diacerein 1%, were the most represented, followed by fibroblast utilisation. In addition, emerging treatments that improve the patient’s innate immunity, such as calcipotriol, are gaining attention. However, more trials are needed to reduce the prevalence of blistering and improve the quality of life of individuals with epidermolysis bullosa.
Nature-Based Interventions Targeting Elderly People’s Health and Well-Being: An Evidence Map
Authors: Catissi Giulia , Gouveia Gabriela , Savieto Roberta Maria , Silva Cristiane Pavanello Rodrigues , de Almeida Raquel Simões , Borba Gustavo Benvenutti , Rosario Kaue Alves , Leão Eliseth Ribeiro
Published: January 2024

Background: Healthy aging encompasses more than the absence of disease, emphasizing the preservation of functional abilities for enhanced well-being and quality of life. Nature-based interventions are scientifically proven contributors to healthy aging. Objective: To develop an evidence map showcasing nature-based interventions targeting older individuals’ health and well-being. Methods: The evidence map was developed through critical analysis of systematic reviews and clinical trials utilizing the tools AMSTAR2 and CONSORT. A systematic search spanning the past decade was conducted across databases: Cochrane, SCOPUS, PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and LILACS. Results: Twelve articles met the eligibility criteria. Nature-based interventions such as forest bathing, hiking, therapeutic gardens, virtual reality, and forest sounds were identified. Outcomes were categorized into physical aspects (cardiovascular and pulmonary; neuro-immuno-endocrinological) and mental/behavioral aspects. The final map integrated interventions, outcomes, and quality assessments. Conclusions: The survey highlights the positive impact of nature-based interventions on the health of the elderly. This study provides insights across various domains, fostering the development of programs and policies in management to promote healthy aging. Regarding healthcare, it encourages discourse among professionals regarding the integration of nature-based practices for equitable care in both individual and group settings. Furthermore, it underscores the need for research in the Southern Hemisphere, particularly in Brazil, where the study was conducted.
β-Carotene Supplementation Improves Pancreas Function during Moderate Ethanol Consumption: Initial Characterization from a Morphological Overview
Authors: Sandoval Cristian , Vera Angeles , Birditt Katherine , Godoy Karina , Carmine Florencia , Caamaño José , Farías Jorge
Published: January 2024

Alcohol is believed to harm acinar cells, pancreatic ductal epithelium, and pancreatic stellate cells. After giving ethanol and/or β-carotene to C57BL/6 mice, our goal was to evaluate their biochemistry, histology, and morpho-quantitative features. There were six groups of C57BL/6 mice: 1. Group C (control), 2. Group LA (low-dose alcohol), 3. Group MA (moderate-dose alcohol), 4. Group B (β-carotene), 5. Group LA + B (low-dose alcohol combined with β-carotene), and 6. Group MA + B (moderate-dose alcohol combined with β-carotene). After the animals were euthanized on day 28, each specimen’s pancreatic tissue was taken. Lipase, uric acid, and amylase were assessed using biochemical assessment. Furthermore, the examination of the pancreatic structure was conducted using Ammann’s fibrosis scoring system. Finally, the morpho-quantitative characteristics of the pancreatic islets and acinar cells were determined. In the serum of the MA + B group, there were higher amounts of total amylase (825.953 ± 193.412 U/L) and lower amounts of lipase (47.139 ± 6.099 U/L) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Ammann’s fibrosis punctuation in the pancreas revealed significant variations between the groups (p < 0.001). Finally, the stereological analysis of pancreatic islets showed that the groups were different (p < 0.001). These findings suggest that antioxidant treatments might help decrease the negative effects of ethanol exposure in animal models.
Responsive Alternative Splicing Events of Opisthopappus Species against Salt Stress
Authors: Han Mian , Niu Mengfan , Gao Ting , Shen Yuexin , Zhou Xiaojuan , Zhang Yimeng , Liu Li , Chai Min , Sun Genlou , Wang Yiling
Published: January 2024

Salt stress profoundly affects plant growth, prompting intricate molecular responses, such as alternative splicing (AS), for environmental adaptation. However, the response of AS events to salt stress in Opisthopappus (Opisthopappus taihangensis and Opisthopappus longilobus) remains unclear, which is a Taihang Mountain cliff-dwelling species. Using RNA-seq data, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified under time and concentration gradients of salt stress. Two types of AS, skipped exon (SE) and mutually exclusive exons (MXE), were found. Differentially alternative splicing (DAS) genes in both species were significantly enriched in “protein phosphorylation”, “starch and sucrose metabolism”, and “plant hormone signal transduction” pathways. Meanwhile, distinct GO terms and KEGG pathways of DAS occurred between two species. Only a small subset of DAS genes overlapped with DEGs under salt stress. Although both species likely adopted protein phosphorylation to enhance salt stress tolerance, they exhibited distinct responses. The results indicated that the salt stress mechanisms of both Opisthopappus species exhibited similarities and differences in response to salt stress, which suggested that adaptive divergence might have occurred between them. This study initially provides a comprehensive description of salt responsive AS events in Opisthopappus and conveys some insights into the molecular mechanisms behind species tolerance on the Taihang Mountains.
New Functional Motifs for the Targeted Localization of Proteins to the Nucleolus in Drosophila and Human Cells
Authors: Ogienko Anna A. , Korepina Mariya O. , Pindyurin Alexey V. , Omelina Evgeniya S.
Published: January 2024

The nucleolus is a significant nuclear organelle that is primarily known for its role in ribosome biogenesis. However, emerging evidence suggests that the nucleolus may have additional functions. Particularly, it is involved in the organization of the three-dimensional structure of the genome. The nucleolus acts as a platform for the clustering of repressed chromatin, although this process is not yet fully understood, especially in the context of Drosophila. One way to study the regions of the genome that cluster near the nucleolus in Drosophila demands the identification of a reliable nucleolus-localizing signal (NoLS) motif(s) that can highly specifically recruit the protein of interest to the nucleolus. Here, we tested a series of various NoLS motifs from proteins of different species, as well as some of their combinations, for the ability to drive the nucleolar localization of the chimeric H2B-GFP protein. Several short motifs were found to effectively localize the H2B-GFP protein to the nucleolus in over 40% of transfected Drosophila S2 cells. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that NoLS motifs derived from Drosophila proteins exhibited greater efficiency compared to that of those from other species.
The Potential of Plum Seed Residue: Unraveling the Effect of Processing on Phytochemical Composition and Bioactive Properties
Authors: Rodríguez-Blázquez Sandra , Pedrera-Cajas Laura , Gómez-Mejía Esther , Vicente-Zurdo David , Rosales-Conrado Noelia , León-González María Eugenia , Rodríguez-Bencomo Juan José , Miranda Ruben
Published: January 2024

Bioactive compounds extracted from plum seeds were identified and quantified, aiming to establish how the brandy manufacturing process affects the properties and possible cascade valorization of seed residues. Extraction with n-hexane using Soxhlet has provided oils rich in unsaturated fatty acids (92.24–92.51%), mainly oleic acid (72–75.56%), which is characterized by its heart-healthy properties. The fat extracts also contain tocopherols with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. All the ethanol–water extracts of the defatted seeds contain neochlorogenic acid (90–368 µg·g−1), chlorogenic acid (36.1–117 µg·g−1), and protocatechuate (31.8–100 µg·g−1) that have an impact on bioactive properties such as antimicrobial and antioxidant. Anti-amyloidogenic activity (25 mg·mL−1) was observed in the after both fermentation and distillation extract, which may be related to high levels of caffeic acid (64 ± 10 µg·g−1). The principal component analysis showed that all plum seed oils could have potential applications in the food industry as edible oils or in the cosmetic industry as an active ingredient in anti-aging and anti-stain cosmetics, among others. Furthermore, defatted seeds, after both fermentation and distillation, showed the greatest applicability in the food and nutraceutical industry as a food supplement or as an additive in the design of active packaging.
Endothelial Cell Apoptosis but Not Necrosis Is Inhibited by Ischemic Preconditioning
Authors: Zalewski Jarosław , Szajna Marta , Stępień Konrad , Nowak Karol , Karcińska Aleksandra , Yika Alicia del Carmen , Krawczyk Kornelia , Karwat Krzysztof , Zalewska Magdalena , Pierzchalski Piotr
Published: January 2024

This study aimed to assess the influence of ischemic preconditioning (IP) on hypoxia/reoxygenation (HR)-induced endothelial cell (EC) death. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were subjected to 2 or 6 h hypoxia with subsequent reoxygenation. IP was induced by 20 min of hypoxia followed by 20 min of reoxygenation. Necrosis was assessed by the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and apoptosis by double staining with propidium iodide/annexin V (PI/AV), using TUNEL test, and Bcl-2 and Bax gene expression measured using RT-PCR. In PI/AV staining, after 24 h of reoxygenation, 30–33% of EC were necrotic and 16–21% were apoptotic. In comparison to HR cells, IP reduced membrane apoptosis after 24 h of reoxygenation by 50% but did not influence EC necrosis. Nuclear EC apoptosis affected about 15–17% of EC after 24 h of reoxygenation and was reduced with IP by 55–60%. IP was associated with a significantly higher Bcl-2/Bax ratio, at 8 h 2–4 times and at 24 h 2–3 times as compared to HR. Longer hypoxia was associated with lower values of Bcl-2/Bax ratio in EC subjected to HR or IP. IP delays, without reducing, the extent of HR-induced EC necrosis but significantly inhibits their multi-level evaluated apoptosis.
Novel Diagnostic Methods for Infective Endocarditis
Authors: Burban Anna , Słupik Dorota , Reda Aleksandra , Szczerba Ewa , Grabowski Marcin , Kołodzińska Agnieszka
Published: January 2024

Infective endocarditis (IE) remains a dangerous disease and continues to have a high mortality rate. Unfortunately, despite continuous improvements in diagnostic methods, in many cases, blood cultures remain negative, and the pathogen causing endocarditis is unknown. This makes targeted therapy and the selection of appropriate antibiotics impossible. Therefore, we present what methods can be used to identify the pathogen in infective endocarditis. These are mainly molecular methods, including PCR and MGS, as well as imaging methods using radiotracers, which offer more possibilities for diagnosing IE. However, they are still not widely used in the diagnosis of IE. The article summarizes in which cases we should choose them and what we are most hopeful about in further research into the diagnosis of IE. In addition, registered clinical trials that are currently underway for the diagnosis of IE are also presented.
Unveiling Novel ERCC1–XPF Complex Inhibitors: Bridging the Gap from In Silico Exploration to Experimental Design
Authors: Manguinhas Rita , Serra Patrícia A. , Soares Rita B. , Rosell Rafael , Gil Nuno , Oliveira Nuno G. , Guedes Rita C.
Published: January 2024

Modifications in DNA repair pathways are recognized as prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets in various cancers, including non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Overexpression of ERCC1 correlates with poorer prognosis and response to platinum-based chemotherapy. As a result, there is a pressing need to discover new inhibitors of the ERCC1–XPF complex that can potentiate the efficacy of cisplatin in NSCLC. In this study, we developed a structure-based virtual screening strategy targeting the inhibition of ERCC1 and XPF interaction. Analysis of crystal structures and a library of small molecules known to act against the complex highlighted the pivotal role of Phe293 (ERCC1) in maintaining complex stability. This residue was chosen as the primary binding site for virtual screening. Using an optimized docking protocol, we screened compounds from various databases, ultimately identifying more than one hundred potential inhibitors. Their capability to amplify cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity was assessed in NSCLC H1299 cells, which exhibited the highest ERCC1 expression of all the cell lines tested. Of these, 22 compounds emerged as promising enhancers of cisplatin efficacy. Our results underscore the value of pinpointing crucial molecular characteristics in the pursuit of novel modulators of the ERCC1–XPF interaction, which could be combined with cisplatin to treat NSCLC more effectively.
Aptamers: A Cutting-Edge Approach for Gram-Negative Bacterial Pathogen Identification
Authors: Córdova-Espinoza María Guadalupe , González-Vázquez Rosa , Barron-Fattel Rolando Rafik , Gónzalez-Vázquez Raquel , Vargas-Hernández Marco Antonio , Albores-Méndez Exsal Manuel , Esquivel-Campos Ana Laura , Mendoza-Pérez Felipe , Mayorga-Reyes Lino , Gutiérrez-Nava María Angélica , Medina-Quero Karen , Escamilla-Gutiérrez Alejandro
Published: January 2024

Early and accurate diagnoses of pathogenic microorganisms is essential to correctly identify diseases, treating infections, and tracking disease outbreaks associated with microbial infections, to develop precautionary measures that allow a fast and effective response in epidemics and pandemics, thus improving public health. Aptamers are a class of synthetic nucleic acid molecules with the potential to be used for medical purposes, since they can be directed towards any target molecule. Currently, the use of aptamers has increased because they are a useful tool in the detection of specific targets. We present a brief review of the use of aptamers to detect and identify bacteria or even some toxins with clinical importance. This work describes the advances in the technology of aptamers, with the purpose of providing knowledge to develop new aptamers for diagnoses and treatment of different diseases caused by infectious microorganisms.
Transcriptome Profiling, Physiological and Biochemical Analyses Reveal Comprehensive Insights in Cadmium Stress in Brassica carinata L.
Authors: Yang Tinghai , Pang Biao , Zhou Lizhou , Gu Lei , Wang Hongcheng , Du Xuye , Wang Huinan , Zhu Bin
Published: January 2024

With the constant progress of urbanization and industrialization, cadmium (Cd) has emerged as one of the heavy metals that pollute soil and water. The presence of Cd has a substantial negative impact on the growth and development of both animals and plants. The allotetraploid Brasscia. carinata, an oil crop in the biofuel industry, is known to produce seeds with a high percentage of erucic acid; it is also known for its disease resistance and widespread adaptability. However, there is limited knowledge regarding the tolerance of B. carinata to Cd and its physiological responses and gene expressions under exposure to Cd. Here, we observed that the tested B. carinata exhibited a strong tolerance to Cd (1 mmol/L CdCl2 solution) and exhibited a significant ability to accumulate Cd, particularly in its roots, with concentrations reaching up to 3000 mg/kg. Additionally, we found that the total oil content of B. carinata seeds harvested from the Cd-contaminated soil did not show a significant change, but there were noticeable alterations in certain constituents. The activities of antioxidant enzymes, including catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), were observed to significantly increase after treatment with different concentrations of CdCl2 solutions (0.25 mmol/L, 0.5 mmol/L, and 1 mmol/L CdCl2). This suggests that these antioxidant enzymes work together to enhance Cd tolerance. Comparative transcriptome analysis was conducted to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the shoots and roots of B. carinata when exposed to a 0.25 mmol/L CdCl2 solution for 7 days. A total of 631 DEGs were found in the shoots, while 271 DEGs were found in the roots. It was observed that these selected DEGs, which responded to Cd stress, also showed differential expression after exposure to PbCl2. This suggests that B. carinata may employ a similar molecular mechanism when tolerating these heavy metals. The functional annotation of the DEGs showed enrichment in the categories of ‘inorganic ion transport and metabolism’ and ‘signal transduction mechanisms’. Additionally, the DEGs involved in ‘tryptophan metabolism’ and ‘zeatin biosynthesis’ pathways were found to be upregulated in both the shoots and roots of B. carinata, suggesting that the plant can enhance its tolerance to Cd by promoting the biosynthesis of plant hormones. These results highlight the strong Cd tolerance of B. carinata and its potential use as a Cd accumulator. Overall, our study provides valuable insights into the mechanisms underlying heavy metal tolerance in B. carinata.
Transcriptomic Changes in the Myocardium and Coronary Artery of Donation after Circulatory Death Hearts following Ex Vivo Machine Perfusion
Authors: Saemann Lars , Wächter Kristin , Georgevici Adrian-Iustin , Pohl Sabine , Hoorn Fabio , Veres Gábor , Korkmaz-Icöz Sevil , Karck Matthias , Simm Andreas , Szabó Gábor
Published: January 2024

Donation after circulatory death (DCD) hearts are predominantly maintained by normothermic blood perfusion (NBP). Nevertheless, it was shown that hypothermic crystalloid perfusion (HCP) is superior to blood perfusion to recondition left ventricular (LV) contractility. However, transcriptomic changes in the myocardium and coronary artery in DCD hearts after HCP and NBP have not been investigated yet. In a pig model, DCD hearts were harvested and maintained for 4 h by NBP (DCD-BP group, N = 8) or HCP with oxygenated histidine–tryptophane–ketoglutarate (HTK) solution (DCD-HTK, N = 8) followed by reperfusion with fresh blood for 2 h. In the DCD group (N = 8), hearts underwent reperfusion immediately after procurement. In the control group (N = 7), no circulatory death was induced. We performed transcriptomics from LV myocardial and left anterior descending (LAD) samples using microarrays (25,470 genes). We applied the Boruta algorithm for variable selection to identify relevant genes. In the DCD-BP group, compared to DCD, six genes were regulated in the myocardium and 1915 genes were regulated in the LAD. In the DCD-HTK group, 259 genes were downregulated in the myocardium and 27 in the LAD; and 52 genes were upregulated in the myocardium and 765 in the LAD, compared to the DCD group. We identified seven genes of relevance for group identification: ITPRIP, G3BP1, ARRDC3, XPO6, NOP2, SPTSSA, and IL-6. NBP resulted in the upregulation of genes involved in mitochondrial calcium accumulation and ROS production, the reduction in microvascular endothelial sprouting, and inflammation. HCP resulted in the downregulation of genes involved in NF-κB-, STAT3-, and SASP-activation and inflammation.
Experiences and Challenges with Congenital Hypothyroidism Newborn Screening in Indonesia: A National Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Pulungan Aman Bhakti , Puteri Helena Arnetta , Faizi Muhammad , Hofman Paul Leslie , Utari Agustini , Chanoine Jean-Pierre
Published: January 2024

The expansion of newborn screening (NBS) for congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is essential to reducing the number of preventable intellectual disabilities in children. Because of logistical issues, including geographic extremes, distinct cultures, and 4.8 million births annually, Indonesia has struggled to achieve universal NBS coverage. A national cross-sectional electronic survey was conducted to explore challenges in CH NBS. Responses from 423 healthcare professionals and program administrators across 30 provinces in Indonesia were collected. The major challenges reported were refusal from families (39.2%), newborns being discharged <24 h (38.3%), and limited availability of filter paper (35.9%). The respondents considered refusal from families to be due to fear, while others did not understand the necessity of CH NBS. The vast majority of respondents believed that parents do not have sufficient understanding regarding CH NBS (96.5%). Our study found that only 38.5% of respondents had received formal CH NBS training, with pediatric endocrinologists being the only profession in which all respondents had been trained. Concerted efforts are needed to improve the access to and availability of resources, increase the capacity for sample collection and analysis, empower healthcare professionals, and develop educational resources to promote understanding and acceptance of NBS amongst families.
Lab Scale Investigation of Gaseous Emissions, Performance and Stability of an Aviation Turbo-Engine While Running on Biodiesel Based Sustainable Aviation Fuel
Authors: Mirea Radu , Cican Grigore
Published: January 2024

The research experimentally examines the viability of biodiesel obtained from pork fat (BP) as a sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) when mixed with kerosene (Ke)—Jet-A aviation fuel + 5% Aeroshell 500 oil. Various blends of biodiesel and kerosene (10, 20, and 30% vol. of BP added in Ke) were subjected to testing in an aviation micro turbo-engine under different operational states: idle, cruise, and maximum power. During the tests, monitoring of engine parameters such as burning temperature, fuel consumption, and thrust force was conducted. The study also encompassed the calculation of crucial performance indicators like burning efficiency, thermal efficiency, and specific consumption for all fuel blends under maximum power conditions. Combustion temperatures ahead of the turbines rise with an increase in biodiesel concentration, particularly in the idle regime, without compromising engine integrity. However, for regimes 2 and 3, the temperature in front of the turbine decreases with rising biodiesel concentration, accompanied by an increase in fuel flow rate. This phenomenon is reflected in the elevated specific consumption. Notably, for regime 3, there is a noticeable rise in specific consumption, starting from S = 0.0264 kg/Nh when the turbo-engine operates solely with Ke, to S = 0.0266 kg/Nh for Ke + 10% BP, S = 0.0269 kg/Nh for Ke + 20% BP, and S = 0.0275 kg/Nh for Ke + 30% BP. Physical–chemical properties of the blends, encompassing density, viscosity, flash point, and calorific power, were determined. Furthermore, elemental analysis and FTIR were used for chemical composition determination. The amount of CO2 produced during the stoichiometric combustion reaction with air showed variations. Initially, when using only Ke, it amounted to 3.12 kg per kilogram of fuel. Upon adding 10% BP, this value decreased to 3.09 kg, further reducing to 3.05 kg with 20% BP. The lowest value was observed with 30% BP, reaching 3.04 kg. Experimental assessments were performed on the Jet Cat P80® micro-turbo-engine, covering aspects such as starting procedures, sudden acceleration, sudden deceleration, and emissions of pollutants (NOx, CO, and SO2) during several engine operational phases. The outcomes reveal that the examined fuel blends exhibited stable engine performance across all tested conditions. This indicates that these blends hold promise as sustainable aviation fuels for micro turbo-engines, presenting benefits in terms of diminished pollution and a more ecologically sound raw material base for fuel production.
Peridynamic Simulation of the Penetration of an Ice Sheet by a Vertically Ascending Cylinder
Authors: Jia Bin , Wang Qing , Ju Lei , Hu Chenjun , Zhao Rongsheng , Han Duanfeng , Pang Fuzhen
Published: January 2024

The vertical ice breaking of marine structures in ice-covered areas involves the deformation and failure of an ice sheet. Different from the existing conventional scenarios where the ice sheet is used as a transportation and support medium, the damage to the ice sheet will be more severe when a structure penetrates the ice sheet from below, due to the lack of elastic support from the fluid above the ice sheet. In order to investigate the failure mode of the ice sheet and the ice load characteristics during vertical penetration, a mesh-free bond-based peridynamic method is used in this paper to simulate the mechanical behaviors of the ice sheet. The cracks simulated in this study exhibit a higher level of similarity to experimental results, which improves the accuracy of the ice load. The numerical model established shows satisfactory applicability for the analysis of penetration failure of an ice sheet. In addition, the influence of ice thickness, impact velocity, and cylinder diameter on the failure characteristics of the ice sheet and breakthrough load are analyzed. The results of a parametric study indicate that the relationship between ice thickness and breakthrough load, as well as the relationship between load area and breakthrough pressure, can both be fitted using quadratic functions.
Fungal Infections and Colonization after Bilateral Lung Transplant: A Six-Year Single-Center Experience
Authors: Boscolo Annalisa , Cattelan Annamaria , Marinello Serena , Medici Francesca , Pettenon Giovanni , Congedi Sabrina , Sella Nicolò , Presa Nicolò , Pistollato Elisa , Silvestrin Stefano , Biscaro Martina , Muraro Luisa , Peralta Arianna , Mazzitelli Maria , Dell’Amore Andrea , Rea Federico , Navalesi Paolo
Published: January 2024

Fungal infections (FIs) are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality within the first year of lung transplant (LT) in LT recipients (LTRs). Their prompt identification and treatment are crucial for a favorable LTR outcome. The objectives of our study were to assess (i) the FI incidence and colonization during the first year after a bilateral LT, (ii) the risk factors associated with FI and colonization, and (iii) the differences in fungal incidence according to the different prophylactic strategies. All bilateral LTRs admitted to the intensive care unit of Padua University Hospital were retrospectively screened, excluding patients <18 years of age, those who had been re-transplanted, and those who had received ventilation and/or extracorporeal membrane oxygenation before LT. Overall, 157 patients were included. A total of 13 (8%) patients developed FI, and 36 (23%) developed colonization, which was mostly due to Aspergillus spp. We did not identify independent risk factors for FI. Groups of patients receiving different prophylactic strategies reported a similar incidence of both FI and colonization. The incidence of FI and fungal colonization was 8% and 23%, respectively, with no differences between different antifungal prophylaxes or identified predisposing factors. Further studies with larger numbers are needed to confirm our results.
The Influence of Variable Stiffness of the Shape Memory Alloys Carbon Composite Structure on Mechanical Vibration
Authors: Markuszewski Damian , Wądołowski Mariusz , Krajewski Arkadiusz
Published: January 2024

The purpose of this study is to investigate the dynamic properties of new structures formed by combining carbon fiber and epoxy resin-based composite materials with SMA (shape memory alloy) “smart materials” in the form of NiTiNol wire. Such a combination will have an impact on the dynamics of the structure, especially in terms of stiffness controllability. Key mechanical parameters such as natural frequency and stiffness, as well as the effect of temperature, were determined through experimental studies.
Experimental Analysis of Moisture-Dependent Thermal Conductivity, and Hygric Properties of Novel Hemp–shive Insulations with Numerical Assessment of Their In-Built Hygrothermal and Energy Performance
Authors: Latif Eshrar
Published: January 2024

The use of lime as a binder in hemp–lime considerably increases the drying time of hemp–lime after casting. Furthermore, lime is a non-renewable mineral resource. As such, this paper explores the effectiveness of using an alternative non-mineral binder instead of lime to formulate a novel hemp–shive insulation. The moisture-dependent thermal conductivity, adsorption isotherm, vapour diffusion resistance factor, and in-built hygrothermal performance of four variants of a novel bio-based insulation were investigated. The hygrothermal performance of the novel hemp–shive insulation was compared with that of a previously developed novel hemp–lime insulation. No significant variation in thermal conductivity of hemp–shive insulations between the equilibrium moisture contents (EMC) at 0% and 50% relative humidity (RH) was observed, but there was a substantial increase in thermal conductivity hemp–shive insulations when the material reached the EMC at 98% RH. The average dry thermal conductivity values of hemp–shive and hemp–lime insulations were also similar. The adsorption isotherms of hemp–shive insulations were determined at 0%, 20%, 50%, 70%, 90%, and 98% relative humidity steps. At 98% RH, the moisture adsorption capacity of hemp–shive insulations was 4-to-5-times higher than that of hemp–lime insulation. Hemp–shive insulations’ vapour diffusion resistance factor (µ value) was about double the µ value of hemp–lime insulation. Hemp–shive insulations exhibited 4-to-5-times higher water absorption resistance than that of hemp–lime insulation. Numerically determined porosity values of hemp–shive agree with the values of wood-based insulation materials of similar density. Finally, using all experimentally acquired data as inputs, dynamic whole-building hygrothermal simulations were carried out and the results show that novel hemp–shive insulation materials perform at a similar level to the hemp–lime insulation in terms of heating and cooling energy demand but require 45% less energy for humidification. However, the relative humidity inside the hemp–shive wall remains higher than 70%, which can potentially induce mould growth.
Monotone Positive Solutions for Nonlinear Fractional Differential Equations with a Disturbance Parameter on the Infinite Interval
Authors: Zheng Yanping , Yang Hui , Wang Wenxia
Published: January 2024

This paper is concerned with the existence and multiplicity of monotone positive solutions for a class of nonlinear fractional differential equation with a disturbance parameter in the integral boundary conditions on the infinite interval. By using Guo–Krasnosel’skii fixed-point theorem and the analytic technique, we divide the range of parameter for the existence of at least two, one and no positive solutions for the problem. In the end, an example is given to illustrate our main results.
The Solid–Liquid Phase Interface Dynamics in an Undercooled Melt with a Solid Wall
Authors: Titova Ekaterina A. , Alexandrov Dmitri V.
Published: January 2024

A new boundary integral equation for the interface function of a curved solid/liquid phase interface propagating into an undercooled one-component melt is derived in the presence of a solid wall in liquid. Green’s function technique is used to transform a purely thermal boundary value problem to a single integro-differential equation for the interface function in two- and three-dimensional cases. It is shown that a solid wall represents an additional source of heat and melt undercooling can be negative in the vicinity of the wall. The new boundary integral equation has a limiting transition to previously developed theory in the absence of a solid wall.
A Comprehensive Evaluation Method of Machining Center Components’ Importance Based on Combined Variable Weight
Authors: Luan Lan , Shen Guixiang , Zhang Yingzhi
Published: January 2024

The fault transitivity of machining center components causes their fault propagation indexes to demonstrate dynamic time variability, which affects their importance. The method proposed in this study overcomes the biases of existing methods of evaluating the importance of system components, as they are mostly based on single indexes; the fault propagation probability and fault propagation risk are selected to perform a comprehensive evaluation. This study first establishes a network hierarchical structure model for machining center components, and the degree of influence of fault propagation among the components is calculated. On this basis, the improved adjacent spreading paths (ASP) algorithm is used to calculate the fault propagation index of each component; from the two perspectives of fault propagation probability and fault propagation risk, an evaluation mechanism involving the combined variable weight is used to comprehensively evaluate components’ importance. Taking a certain type of machining center as an example, through a comparison with ranking results from other node importance methods, it is verified that the proposed method can more effectively distinguish the differences in the importance of each component, thus illustrating the effectiveness and practical value of this method.
Knowledge Granularity Attribute Reduction Algorithm for Incomplete Systems in a Clustering Context
Authors: Liang Baohua , Jin Erli , Wei Liangfen , Hu Rongyao
Published: January 2024

The phenomenon of missing data can be seen everywhere in reality. Most typical attribute reduction models are only suitable for complete systems. But for incomplete systems, we cannot obtain the effective reduction rules. Even if there are a few reduction approaches, the classification accuracy of their reduction sets still needs to be improved. In order to overcome these shortcomings, this paper first defines the similarities of intra-cluster objects and inter-cluster objects based on the tolerance principle and the mechanism of knowledge granularity. Secondly, attributes are selected on the principle that the similarity of inter-cluster objects is small and the similarity of intra-cluster objects is large, and then the knowledge granularity attribute model is proposed under the background of clustering; then, the IKAR algorithm program is designed. Finally, a series of comparative experiments about reduction size, running time, and classification accuracy are conducted with twelve UCI datasets to evaluate the performance of IKAR algorithms; then, the stability of the Friedman test and Bonferroni–Dunn tests are conducted. The experimental results indicate that the proposed algorithms are efficient and feasible.
A Double-Layer Coupled Network Model of Network Density Effects on Multi-Stage Innovation Efficiency Dynamics: Agent-Based Modeling Methods
Authors: Han Jing , Zhang Wenjing , Wang Jiutian , Li Songmei
Published: January 2024

This paper proposes a double-layer coupled network model to analyze the multi-stage innovation activities of online, and the model consists of two layers: the online layer, which represents the virtual interactions among innovators, and the offline layer, which represents the physical interactions among innovators. The model assumes that the innovation activities are influenced by both the online and offline network structures, as well as the coupling effect between them. And it simulates the entire innovation process including knowledge diffusion and knowledge recombination. The model also incorporates the concept of network density, which measures the degree of network connectivity and cohesion (network structure). Observing the network density influence on innovation efficiency during the innovation process is realized through setting the selection mechanism and the knowledge recombination mechanism. The coupling relationship between the two layers of network density on the three stages of innovation is further discussed under the theoretical framework of the innovation value chain. Simulation and experimental results suggest that when the offline network density is constant, a higher online network density is not always better. When the online network density is low, the sparse structure of the online network reduces innovation efficiency. When the online network density is high, the structural redundancy caused by the tight network structure prevents innovation efficiency from improving. The results of the study help enterprises to adjust and optimize the internal cooperation network structure at different stages of innovation in order to maximize its effectiveness and improve the innovation efficiency of enterprises.
Citrus clementine Peel Essential Oil Ameliorates Potassium Dichromate-Induced Lung Injury: Insights into the PI3K/AKT Pathway
Authors: Attia Hany G. , El-Morshedy Suzan M. , Nagy Ahmed M. , Ibrahim Ammar M. , Aleraky Mohamed , Abdelrahman Sahar S. , Osman Samir M. , Alasmari Saeed M. , El Raey Mohamed A. , Abdelhameed Mohamed F.
Published: January 2024

Acute Lung Injury (ALI) is a life-threatening syndrome that has been identified as a potential complication of COVID-19. There is a critical need to shed light on the underlying mechanistic pathways and explore novel therapeutic strategies. This study aimed to examine the potential therapeutic effects of Citrus clementine essential oil (CCEO) in treating potassium dichromate (PDC)-induced ALI. The chemical profile of CCEO was created through GC–MS analysis. An in vivo study in rats was conducted to evaluate the effect of CCEO administrated via two different delivery systems (oral/inhalation) in mitigating acute lung injury (ALI) induced by intranasal instillation of PDC. Eight volatile compounds were identified, with monoterpene hydrocarbons accounting for 97.03% of the identified constituents, including 88.84% of D-limonene. CCEO at doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg bw exhibited antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. These significant antioxidant properties were revealed through the reduction of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the restoration of reduced glutathione (GSH). In addition, inflammation reduction was observed by decreasing levels of cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and tumor growth factor-β (TNF-α and TGF-β), along with an increase in phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase (PI3K) and Akt overexpression in lung tissue homogenate, in both oral and inhalation routes, compared to the PDC-induced group. These results were supported by histopathological studies and immunohistochemical assessment of TGF-β levels in lung tissues. These findings revealed that CCEO plays an integral role in relieving ALI induced by intranasal PDC and suggests it as a promising remedy.
Potential Effects of Essential Oil from Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel on Leishmania: In Vivo, In Vitro, and In Silico Approaches
Authors: Holanda Vanderlan N. , Brito Thaíse G. S. , Oliveira João R. S. de , Cunha Rebeca X. da , Silva Ana P. S. da , Silva Welson V. da , Araújo Tiago F. S. , Tavares Josean F. , Santos Sócrates G. dos , Figueiredo Regina C. B. Q. , Lima Vera L. M.
Published: January 2024

In the search for new chemotherapeutic alternatives for cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL), essential oils are promising due to their diverse biological potential. In this study, we aimed to investigate the chemical composition and leishmanicidal and anti-inflammatory potential of the essential oil isolated from the leaves of Plinia cauliflora (PCEO). The chemical composition of PCEO showed β-cis-Caryophyllene (24.4%), epi-γ-Eudesmol (8%), 2-Naphthalenemethanol[decahydro-alpha] (8%), and trans-Calamenene (6.6%) as its major constituents. Our results showed that the PCEO has moderate cytotoxicity (CC50) of 137.4 and 143.7 μg/mL on mice peritoneal exudate cells (mPEC) and Vero cells, respectively. The PCEO was able to significantly decrease mPEC infection by Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania braziliensis. The value of the inhibitory concentration (IC50) on amastigote forms was about 7.3 µg/mL (L. amazonensis) and 7.2 µg/mL (L. braziliensis). We showed that PCEO induced drastic ultrastructural changes in both species of Leishmania and had a high selectivity index (SI) > 18. The in silico ADMET analysis pointed out that PCEO can be used for the development of oral and/or topical formulation in the treatment of CL. In addition, we also demonstrated the in vivo anti-inflammatory effect, with a 95% reduction in paw edema and a decrease by at least 21.4% in migration immune cells in animals treated with 50 mg/kg of PCEO. Taken together, our results demonstrate that PCEO is a promising topical therapeutic agent against CL.