bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
THEORETICAL MODELING OF A TWO-PHASED THERMOSYPHON ASSUMING THE LIQUID RESERVATORY
Authors: Zanardi M. A. , Leite N. G. C.
Published: October 2018

A theoretical modeling using the mass, momentum and energy conservation equations, about the intrinsic phenomena in the working of a cylindrical geometry two-phase thermosyphon operating on vertical was performed.  The conservation equations were solved in steady-state operation for all the phases of the thermosyphon. Then model also assumed the presence of a liquid reservatory whose valves of the coefficient of heat transfer that determine the operation of functioning in the reservatory, were obtained from the correlation published in literature.  The set of conservation equations was solved by using the method of finite volumes.  The results achieved were checked with experimental data from literature and also from specific experiments performed in laboratory. In a  general view, the theoric results matched reasonably well with those ones from the experiments, and the observed deviation were assumed by a inadequate prevision of the reservatory model used, besides keeping a stable level of the reservatory of liquid.
ENERGY AND EXERGY THERMODYNAMIC ANALYSIS OF A TWO-STAGE COMPRESSION REFRIGERATION SYSTEM INTEGRATED WITH AN ABSORPTION SYSTEM (NH3+H2O)
Authors: Correa G. A. , Souza J. A. , Prentice-Hernández C. , Rocha L. A. O.
Published: October 2018

This work proposes an energetic and exergetic thermodynamic analysis of two refrigeration systems: one is a conventional two stages cooling system by steam compression of ammonia and the other is named integrated refrigeration system. The conventional system, used as reference, is largely employed in cooling fish industry. The integrated refrigeration system is similar to the conventional one, although it uses in the intermediate cooling, between the stages of high and low pressure, cold water in closed circuit. The cold water is supplied by ammonia-water absorption system integrated to the conventional compression system. The calorific energy supplied is obtained from waste exceeding of the fish meal production thus the energy delivered tothe integrated refrigeration system is considered of zero cost. Numeric simulation is employed to compare the behavior of both systems. The results obtained in this comparison show that the integrated refrigeration system operates with a reduction of up to 19.73 % in COP. However, the integratedrefrigeration system presented an increase of up to 25.57% in exergetic efficiency and 33.09% in frigorific capacity in relation to the conventionalsystem. These results, added to the decrease of operational cost which will bequantified in a further study, will make very attractive the use of the integrated refrigeration system.
FLOW PATTERNS OF THE ESTER OIL-REFRIGERANT R134A MIXTURE FLASHING FLOW THROUGH A SMALL DIAMETER TUBE
Authors: Castro H. O. S. , Gasche J. L. , Conti W. P. , Vieira E. D. R.
Published: October 2018

This work presents an experimental investigation of the ester oil ISO VG10-refrigerant R134a mixture flashing flow with foam formation through a straight horizontal 3.22 mm-diameter-6.0 m- long tube. An experimental apparatus was designed to allow the measurement of both pressure and temperature profiles along the tube as well as the visualization of the flow patterns. Tests were performed at different mass flow rates, several refrigerant mass fractions at the inlet of the flow, and inlet mixture temperatures around 28 and 39 °C. A liquid mixture flow with constant temperature and pressure gradient could be noticed at the inlet of the tube. As the flow proceeded towards the exit of the tube the pressure drop produced a reduction of the refrigerant solubility in the oil yielding to formation of the first bubbles. Initially, small and few bubbles could be noticed and the flow behaved as a conventional two-phase flow. Eventually, the bubble population increased and foam flow was observed at the exit of the tube. Due to the great formation of bubbles, both the temperature and pressure gradient of the mixture were greatly reduced in this region of the flow.
ON THE FLOW PAST RECTANGULAR CYLINDERS: PHYSICAL ASPECTS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION
Authors: Almeida O. , Mansur S. S. , Silveira-Neto A.
Published: October 2018

This paper concerns with unsteady incompressible flows around rectangular cylinders with side ratio varying from 1 to 10. Phenomenological aspects are discussed and numerical simulations are performed using a SIMPLEC finite volume code. A third-order QUICK scheme is employed for the advective terms in the Navier-Stokes equations, while a second-order fully implicit method is used for the time discretization. For validation purpose, preliminary simulations are carried out at Re = 300. Afterwards, the flow patterns and the wake periodic features are examined at Re = 1,000, 5,000, and 22,000, for which turbulent effects should not be neglected. In some of those cases, large-eddy simulation (LES) is employed, using the classical sub-grid Smagorinsky model. Important physical mechanisms determining vortex shedding frequency are placed in evidence. The present predictions are compared with numerical and experimental results from other works and a good agreement is reached.
POLYMER MELT FLOW IN SUDDEN EXPANSIONS: THE EFFECTS OF VISCOUS HEATING
Authors: Zdanski P. S. B. , Vaz. Jr M. , Dias A. P. C.
Published: October 2018

Sudden expansion is a typical geometry found at the entrance of a mould cavity and is generally known in industry as ‘gate’. Flow simulation of this class of problems poses some difficulties owing to coupling of momentum and energy laws, existence of re-circulation and steep pressure variations. This work focuses on the physical analysis of the laminar and incompressible polymer melt flow inside channels with sudden expansions aimed at mapping the viscous heating effect. The mathematical model comprises the mass, momentum and energy conservation laws. The pressure-velocity coupling is treated on solving a Poisson equation for pressure. The Cross constitutive model is adopted to describe the non-Newtonian behavior of the flow. The governing equations are discretized using the finite difference method based on central, second order accurate formulae for both convective and diffusive terms. Artificial smoothing terms are added to control the odd-even decoupling problem. The main results demonstrate that the flow parameters, such as pressure drop along the channel and Nusselt number at the walls, are affected by viscous heating. It has been found that, in such problems, any reliable solution must account for the non-isothermal effects.
VELOCITY PROFILE VISUALIZATION OF WATER NATURAL PERCOLATION IN A POROUS MEDIUM
Authors: França A. C. , Carrocci L. R. , Siqueira A. F.
Published: October 2018

This paper aims to show the profile and the behavior of the velocity of the water flow through a porous medium composed of clay and sand aggregated by burning in an oil furnace. The work models mathematics based on the Navier-Stokes differential equation, which represents the behavior of the water velocity flow in porous medium taking into account parameters of a low velocity laminar flow, increased load loss value and Number of Reynolds > 1. Physical phenomena such as porosity, permeability, particles arrangement, radius and wet perimeter are considered in the equation. The study shows the three-dimensional profile of the water percolation velocity which, originated from the capillary phenomenon, causes a sum of the tensions of increased values able to produce cracks in the medium structure. And, differently from filtration phenomenon, which overcomes the capillarity of the medium by the gravitational force or by efforts applied aiming to increase the flow velocity, the natural percolation opposes to the gravity and to the surrounding pressure moving slowly, reaching the flow at 30 and 40 centimeters depending on the permeability of the porous medium.
MATHEMATICAL OPTIMIZATION: APPLICATION TO THE DESIGN OF OPTIMAL MICRO-CHANNEL HEAT SINKS
Authors: Ighalo F. U. , Bello-Ochende T. , Meyer J. P.
Published: October 2018

This paper documents the geometrical optimization of a micro-channel heatsink embedded inside a highly conductive solid, with the intent of developing optimal solutions for thermal management in microelectronic devices. The objective is to minimize the peak wall temperature of the heat sink subject to various constraints such as manufacturing restraints, fixed pressure drop and total fixed volume. A gradient based multi-variable optimization algorithm is used as it adequately handles the numerical objective function obtained from the computational fluid dynamics simulation. Optimal geometric parameters defining the micro-channel were obtained for a pressure drop ranging from 10 kPa to 60 kPa corresponding to a dimensionless pressure drop of 6.5 × 107 to 4 × 108 for fixed volumes ranging from 0.7 mm3 of 0.9 mm3. The effect of pressure drop on the aspect ratio, solid volume fraction, channel hydraulic diameter and the minimized peak temperature are reported. Results also show that as the dimensionless pressure drop increases the maximised dimensionless global thermal conductance also increases. These results are in agreement with previous work found in literature.
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF THE INTERACTION OF A REGULAR WAVE AND A SUBMERGED CYLINDER
Authors: Teixeira P. R. F.
Published: October 2018

A numerical simulation of the interaction between a regular wave and an immersed horizontal cylinder, whose axis is 3-radius deep, perpendicular to the direction of the wave propagation, is presented in this paper. The numerical model uses the semi-implicit two-step Taylor- Galerkin method to integrate Navier-Stokes equations in time and space. Arbitrary lagrangean-eulerian formulation is employed to describe the free surface movement. The free surface elevations near the cylinder and in some gauges along the channel, as well the spectrum distribution, are compared with experimental ones, and good agreement is obtained. The analysis shows that the viscous effects only affect the area that is very close to the cylinder.
DEVELOPMENT OF COMPOSITE MATERIAL FROM TIRE SCRAPES AND LATEX FOR APPLICATION IN THERMAL INSULATION
Authors: Cöuras Ford E. T. L. , Mendes J. U. L. , Nascimento R. M. , Pereira C. M. C. , Marques A. T.
Published: October 2018

Given the unquestionable need of environmental preservation of discarded industrial residues, the scrape of tires, have been seen as a salutary alternative for addictive in concrete, asphalt production and of other composites materials. In this work, grew a composite the base of scrape of tire as reinforcement and latex as matrix, to be used as insulating thermal in"cold" systems (0º C). Analyzed the acting of the material was what plays the thermal conservation when submitted the flow of heat. Verified the temperature profiles in the internal surfaces and it expresses of the composite as well as the temperature gradient in the same. As consequence, in function of the answers of the system, conclusions were reached.
FEASIBILITY OF A BRAYTON CYCLE AUTOMOTIVE AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEM
Authors: Beatrice L. H. M. , Fiorelli F. A. S.
Published: October 2018

The goal of this work is to develop a preliminary analysis on the feasibility of using an alternative automotive air conditioning system based on the Brayton cycle, to be assembled using a turbocompression-intercooling system configuration available in the market. The first step of the analysis was a thermodynamic study to define the system capacity and parameters for selecting the system components. The next step was to select from turbocompressor maps a suitable model for the application, and to determine pressures/temperatures throughout the system in order to evaluate intercooler capacity and select a suitable model available in the market. The impact of the turbocompression system was also analyzed in engine performance. The proposed turbocompression system requires 1,7 kW from the engine, which is very similar to a conventional air conditioning system requirement. In terms of weight, this preliminary analysis indicated that the proposed system is about 1,0 kg heavier than the conventional system. The analysis indicated that the alternative system is about 56% more expensive than the conventional one, but on the other hand presents a 24% lower maintenance cost . Considering the results of the preliminary analysis, the proposed system is technically feasible for application in automotive air conditioning, but requires a design optimization process in order to reduce its weight and initial costs, which might allow lower maintenance costs to payback the alternative system.
COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF THE EFFICIENCY OF THERMAL SYSTEMS BUILT WITH REFLECTIVE INSULATORS WITH AND WITHOUT VACUUM
Authors: Cavalcanti M. A. V. , Mendes J. U. L. , Cavalcanti B. T. V. , Silveira F. F.
Published: October 2018

The use of reflective surfaces functioning as thermal insulators has grown significantly over the years. Reflective thermal insulators are materials that have several characteristics such as low emissivity, low absorptivity and high reflectivity in the infrared spectrum. The use of these materials has grown very much lately, since they contain several important radioactive properties that minimize the heat loss of thermal systems and cooling systems that are used to block the heat on the roof of buildings. A system made of three surfaces of 430 stainless steel mirror was built to analyze the influence of reflective surfaces as a way to reduce the heat loss and thereby conserve the energy of a thermal system. The system was analyzed both with and without the presence of vacuum, and then compared with a system that contained glass wool between the stainless steel mirror walls, since this insulator is considered resistive and also broadly used around the world in thermal systems. The reflectivity and emissivity of the surfaces used were also measured in this experiment. A type K thermocouple was fixed on the wall of the system to obtain the temperature of the stainless steel mirror surfaces and to analyze the thermal behavior of each configuration used. The results showed an efficiency of 13% when the reflective surfaces were used to minimize the heat loss of the thermal system. However, the system with vacuum had the best outcome, a 60% efficiency. Both of these were compared to the system made of glass wool as a thermal insulator.
ALDEHYDE EMISSIONS FROM A STATIONARY DIESEL ENGINE OPERATING WITH CASTOR OIL BIODIESEL – DIESEL OIL BLENDS
Authors: Zarante P. B. , Da Silva M. J. , Valente O. S. , Sodré J. R.
Published: October 2018

The presence of aldehyde in the exhaust gas of a stationary, direct injection, compression ignition engine operating with castor oil biodiesel/diesel oil blends (B5, B10, B20 and B35) is analyzed. The diesel engine was operated with constant speed of 1800 rev/min and load of 37.5 kW. The gas sample was collected directly from the exhaust. Aldehydes were identified and quantified using gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detector analyzer (FID). Acetaldehyde presented higher exhaust concentration than formaldehyde for all fuel blends tested. In general, the exhaust aldehyde levels were very low and did not present significant differences between the fuel blends tested.
FLOW ANALYSIS AND MODELING OF THE LAKE ÁGUA PRETA: WATER SOURCE OF THE BELÉM METROPOLITAN AREA
Authors: Holanda P. S. , Blanco C. J. C. , Cruz D. O. A. , Lopes D. F. , Barp A. R. B. , Secretan Y.
Published: October 2018

The natural conditions of water resources can be modified with the unsustainable use of them. For example, in Belém, capital of Pará State, Água Preta Lake has a history of degradation jeopardize the drinking water supply in Belém. Thus, the main contribution of this work is to develop a study on modeling hydrodynamic study of Água Preta Lake. Such study is carried through the bathymetric of 2009 performed with an ADCP. The bathymetry and substrate data that composes the Lake and its boundary. The bathymetry data are used to construct the digital elevation model, with the coordinates x, y and z in UTM; while the composition of the substrate is used for the determination of the Manning coefficient. The coordinates x, y, z and Manning coefficient are used in the hydrodynamic model. This one is the classic model of Saint-Venant. In this case, a vertical integration is applied to the three-dimensional equations of Navier-Stokes for incompressible flow with outline conditions, of bottom and of liquid and solid surface, included. Thus, the problem becomes two-dimensional (2D) and the values obtained for velocities are medium in the vertical direction. The velocities are the input data for the many models, such as pollutant dispersion sediment transport and aquatic fauna and flora habitats. Thus, besides of hydrodynamic model explains the patterns of flow in the lake, it can be employed for the others models of the Lake Água Preta.
COMBUSTION MODEL FOR SPARK IGNITION ENGINES OPERATING ON GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS
Authors: Mantilla J. M. , Garzón D. A. , Galeano C. H.
Published: October 2018

This article presents a phenomenological combustion model using turbulent flame propagation theory developed by Keck and coworkers, 1974. The model was adapted to work with gasoline-ethanol blends, following correlations presented by Bayraktar,2005. New sub-models were introduced for intake valve velocity and combustion efficiency. These allow simulating the effect of compression ratio, spark timing and fuel change. Results show good agreement with the ones in the original work as well as with experimental results in a Cooperative Fuels Research (CFR) engine.
STEM TAPER EQUATION WITH EXTENSIVE APPLICABILITY TO SEVERAL AGE CLASSES OF Pinus taeda L
Authors: Téo Saulo Jorge , Machado Sebastião Do Amaral , Figueiredo Filho Afonso , Tomé Margarida
Published: October 2018

The aim of this study was to develop stem taper equations for trees of Pinus taeda L. inside and outside bark with extensive applicability to several age classes. Data were obtained from 631 trees of P. taeda, ranging from 4 to 31 years of age, in different stands distributed in several counties of the Midwest region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil. The taper models of Biging (1984), Schöpfer (1966), and Kozak et al. (1969) were tested. These models were fitted in their simplest formulation as well as by varying their coefficient linear functions of stand age with the procedure PROC NLIN in the software SAS® University Edition. There were no significant differences in accuracy and precision in the estimates between the simplest formulation of the Schöpfer (1966) model and the variation of its coefficient b linear function of age, and thus, the simplest formulation was chosen. Among all taper models tested, the Schöpfer (1966) model presented greater accuracy and precision to estimate diameters inside and outside bark, throughout the stem of Pinus taeda, in the Midwest region of the state of Santa Catarina, Brazil.
Potential Economic Benefits of Limited Clinical and Radiographic Follow-up After Plate Fixation of Midshaft Clavicle Fractures
Authors: Sanchez Morales Daniela , Borade Amrut , Serrano-Riera Rafael , Maniar Hemil H. , Sanders Roy W. , Horwitz Daniel Scott
Published: October 2018

Introduction:

The role of routine clinical and radiographic follow-up after clavicle fractures are healed was evaluated.

Methods:

A retrospective study performed in two level-1 trauma centers included 246 adults with healed clavicle fractures treated surgically between 2000 and 2013 and at least 24-month follow-up. Based on radiographs, changes in fracture alignment or implant position from union to final follow-up were documented. The average reimbursement for a follow-up clinical visit and a clavicle radiograph was estimated.

Results:

Mean time to union and mean time of follow-up were of 4.8 and 31.4 months, respectively. No changes in implant position or fracture alignment occurred after the fracture had healed. The amount reimbursed to our institution for two clinical visits and two clavicle radiographs was approximately $300 to $540.

Conclusion:

Once clavicle fractures are healed, further radiographic imaging does not provide any notable information. Limiting routine follow-up is safe and could be cost-effective for the healthcare system.

Level of Evidence:

Level-III retrospective cohort study
THE 3 JARGONS OF JARGONAPHASIA: SEMANTIC, PHONEMIC AND JARGON
Authors: Buckingham Hugh W. , Buckingham Sarah Christman
Published: October 2018

In this paper the authors will discuss the nature of jargonaphasia. Any dictionary definition of the word “jargon” will indicate that once again the medical science of aphasia usurped what was originally a lay term. Some researchers have gone as far as modifying a neologism in adults with that sort of jargon by called recognizable ones “target related” and “non-target related. Even studies of the so-called “semantic pa ra pha sias,” go way beyond what is need to describe any of the three jargons – much less to describe “semantic jargon.” Finally, as we shall see, it is often the case that jargon samples have been elicited from naming tasks, mostly object naming. Nevertheless, it is typical to engage the jargon subjects in tasks that require spontaneous stretches of speech discourse. The complex nature of Jargonaphasia which involve a heterogeneity that will ultimately drive many subcategories of it is discussed. The authors described the 3 jargons of jargonaphasia.
Glandular Tumors of the Urachus and Urinary Bladder: A Practical Overview of a Broad Differential Diagnosis
Authors: Taylor Alexander S. , Mehra Rohit , Udager Aaron M.
Published: October 2018

Primary glandular tumors of the urachus and urinary bladder are an intriguing group of clinically and morphologically diverse neoplasms for which there have been recent refinements in diagnostic subclassification and advances in molecular pathology. In addition, the urachus and urinary bladder may be secondarily involved by tumors with glandular differentiation that demonstrate remarkable morphologic, immunophenotypic, and molecular overlap. Thus, surgical pathologists need to be aware of the broad differential diagnosis of glandular tumors that involve the urachus and urinary bladder and have a practical diagnostic framework to evaluate these lesions in routine clinical practice. In this review, we summarize the salient clinical, morphologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of glandular tumors of the urachus and urinary bladder, including mucinous cystic tumors of the urachus, noncystic urachal adenocarcinomas, urothelial carcinomas with glandular or pseudoglandular features, primary urinary bladder adenocarcinomas, and Müllerian-type carcinomas, highlighting the strengths and limitations of various diagnostic features and ancillary tests, as well as the need for close clinical and radiographic correlation.
À l’assaut de la corporation sole : autonomie institutionnelle et financière chez les Franco-Américains du Maine, 1900-1917
Authors: Lacroix Patrick
Published: October 2018

L’affaire de la Flint (1884-1886) et la controverse sentinelliste (1924-1929), faits marquants de l’histoire franco-américaine, illustrent la lutte des minorités francophones hors Québec pour leurs droits religieux. Une troisième confrontation, l’affaire de la corporation sole dans le diocèse de Portland (1909-1913), mérite une attention particulière en vertu des enjeux matériels soulevés par les revendications franco-américaines. Alors que « l’affaire du Maine » se produit sur fond de combat culturel, différentes interprétations de l’autorité épiscopale et divers intérêts financiers s’affrontent également. En effet, cette controverse, qui a retenti au Canada et à Rome, permet de mieux identifier les inquiétudes des Franco-Américains au-delà des questions culturelle et linguistique.
Störungen (2011) de David Hudry, ou la confrontation des diapasons à travers
l’emploi jumelé d’instruments baroques et modernes
Authors: Féron François-Xavier
Published: October 2018

Dans Störungen (2011), le compositeur français David Hudry explore un
nouveau genre de mixité instrumentale en réunissant deux instrumentistes baroques et six
instrumentistes modernes. Composée dans le cadre de la huitième édition de l’Ensemble
Academy Freiburg organisée conjointement par l’ensemble recherche et le Freiburger
Barockorchester, cette oeuvre explore l’idée de dysfonctionnement et de dédoublement en
confrontant deux types d’instrumentarium, l’un baroque accordé à 415 Hz et l’autre
moderne accordé à 440 Hz. Cet article, qui s’articule autour d’un long entretien que le
compositeur nous a accordé au début de l’année 2018, revient sur la genèse de l’oeuvre et
souligne les enjeux et défis compositionnels propres à ce type d’effectif
instrumental.
The Impact of the Learning Organization on Product Innovation Performance: an Empirical Assessment in the French Biotechnology Industry
Authors: Hannachi Yacine
Published: October 2018

This paper examines the role played by the learning organization culture in generating product innovation performance. It also aims at assessing the moderating effects of environmental turbulence, export intensity and public innovation support on the aforementioned relationship. We use structural equations modeling with partial least squares technique to test our hypotheses on a data set from the French biotechnology industry. The results generally support theoretical predictions and emphasize the key role that learning organization has for product innovation performance.
Travailler ensemble sans être d’accord. La régulation disjointe comme modalité de fonctionnement durable des organisations
Authors: Mainhagu Sébastien
Published: October 2018

Cet article a pour finalité de compléter la Théorie de la Régulation Sociale de J.D. Reynaud. Ce dernier a défini les régulations de contrôle, autonomes et conjointes. Nous proposons l’ajout de la catégorie « régulation disjointe », qui se caractérise par la coexistence durable de deux règles – l’une issue de la direction, l’autre des salariés – pour faire fonctionner une même activité. Cette recherche illustre empiriquement la mise en exergue de cette nouvelle famille de régulation par l’observation des règles de gestion des ressources humaines d’une clinique française.
The MODES toolbox: Measurements of Open-ended Dynamics in Evolving Systems
Authors: Dolson Emily L , Vostinar Anya E , Wiser Michael J , Ofria Charles A
Published: October 2018

Building more open-ended evolutionary systems can simultaneously advance our understanding of biology, artificial life, and evolutionary computation. In order to do so, however, we need a way to determine when we are moving closer to this goal. We propose a set of metrics that allow us to measure commonly-agreed-upon hallmarks of open-ended evolution in a system: change potential, novelty potential, complexity potential, and ecological potential. Our goal is to make these metrics easy to incorporate into a system, and comparable across systems so that we can make coherent progress as a field. To this end, we provide a C++ implementation of these metrics that should be easy to connect to existing artificial life systems. As the field reaches consensus about additional hallmarks of open-ended evolution, metrics corresponding to these additions can be added to this toolbox. For example, we hope to soon add a measurement of the potential for major transitions in individuality to occur. To confirm that our metrics accurately measure the hallmarks we are interested in, we test them on two very different experimental systems: NK Landscapes and the Avida Digital Evolution Platform. We find that our observed results are consistent with our prior knowledge about these systems, suggesting that our proposed metrics are effective and should generalize to other systems.
Management of patients with atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) on Papanicolaou smears
Authors: Terry Richard R.
Published: October 2018

Management of patients whose Papanicolaou smears show atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASCUS) is a complex challenge for the family physician. It is critical that patients with the ASCUS smear be properly evaluated and triaged, as the ASCUS smear may be a manifestation of high-grade disease in 20% or more of cases. Several options for triage exist. Colposcopy is considered by many the option of choice. However, alternative options include cervicography, speculoscopy, and human papillomavirus subtyping. For proper management of the patient with the ASCUS smear, the clinician must consider the patient's Pap test history, risk factors for cervical cancer, and the cytopathologist's interpretation/recommendation.
Book Review: Library as Publisher: New Models for Scholarly Communication for a New Era
Authors: Gotschall Terri
Published: October 2018

Library as Publisher: New Models for Scholarly Communication for a New Era written by Sarah Kalikman Lippincott explores the role of libraries as publishers.
The efficacy of Virkon-S for the control of saprolegniasis in common carp, Cyprinus carpio L
Authors: Rahman Haitham Saeed , Choi Tae-Jin
Published: October 2018

Background

Saprolegnia parasitica is a fish pathogen that causes severe economic losses worldwide. Virkon-S is a well-known disinfectant known to exhibit antimicrobial activities against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In this study, we tested the anti-fungal activity of Virkon-S against S. parasitica, the major causal agent of saprolegniasis.

Methods

The lowest concentration of Virkon-S that prevented germination or the visible growth of spores and the percent spore germination were determined using potato dextrose agar plates containing different concentrations of Virkon-S. The cytotoxic effect was evaluated using the Ez-Cytox Cell Viability Assay with epithelioma papulosum cyprini (EPC) cells grown in L-15 medium and acute toxicity tests were carried out with cultured fingerlings of common carp for 96 h. Artificial infection with S. parasitica was performed by placing the fish in tanks containing zoospores of S. parasitica after descaling and wounding at three positions. The diseased fish were kept in tanks containing 2, 4, and 10 ppm of Virkon-S for 10 days to observe the treatment effect.

Results

The in vitro assay results showed that Virkon-S could inhibit spore germination and the resulting mycelial growth at a concentration as low as 4 ppm. No cytotoxic effect on EPC cells was observed even at a concentration as high as 100 ppm. Additionally, no acute toxicity in the common carp was observed at 10 ppm following 96 h exposure. Ten days of treatment with 4 and 10 ppm Virkon-S resulted in complete reversal of artificially-induced saprolegniasis in the common carp.

Discussion

This data indicates that Virkon-S can be used for the control of saprolegniasis without harmful effects in fish. However, further research on the effect in humans and food supplies is necessary.
In search of an optimum sampling algorithm for prediction of soil properties from infrared spectra
Authors: Ng Wartini , Minasny Budiman , Malone Brendan , Filippi Patrick
Published: October 2018

Background

The use of visible-near infrared (vis-NIR) spectroscopy for rapid soil characterisation has gained a lot of interest in recent times. Soil spectra absorbance from the visible-infrared range can be calibrated using regression models to predict a set of soil properties. The accuracy of these regression models relies heavily on the calibration set. The optimum sample size and the overall sample representativeness of the dataset could further improve the model performance. However, there is no guideline on which sampling method should be used under different size of datasets.

Methods

Here, we show different sampling algorithms performed differently under different data size and different regression models (Cubist regression tree and Partial Least Square Regression (PLSR)). We analysed the effect of three sampling algorithms: Kennard-Stone (KS), conditioned Latin Hypercube Sampling (cLHS) and k-means clustering (KM) against random sampling on the prediction of up to five different soil properties (sand, clay, carbon content, cation exchange capacity and pH) on three datasets. These datasets have different coverages: a European continental dataset (LUCAS, n = 5,639), a regional dataset from Australia (Geeves, n = 379), and a local dataset from New South Wales, Australia (Hillston, n = 384). Calibration sample sizes ranging from 50 to 3,000 were derived and tested for the continental dataset; and from 50 to 200 samples for the regional and local datasets.

Results

Overall, the PLSR gives a better prediction in comparison to the Cubist model for the prediction of various soil properties. It is also less prone to the choice of sampling algorithm. The KM algorithm is more representative in the larger dataset up to a certain calibration sample size. The KS algorithm appears to be more efficient (as compared to random sampling) in small datasets; however, the prediction performance varied a lot between soil properties. The cLHS sampling algorithm is the most robust sampling method for multiple soil properties regardless of the sample size.

Discussion

Our results suggested that the optimum calibration sample size relied on how much generalization the model had to create. The use of the sampling algorithm is beneficial for larger datasets than smaller datasets where only small improvements can be made. KM is suitable for large datasets, KS is efficient in small datasets but results can be variable, while cLHS is less affected by sample size.
Assessment of factors associated to nipple trauma / Avaliação dos fatores associados ao trauma mamilar
Authors: Barbosa Diana Manfré , Caliman Manuela Zandonade , Alvarenga Sandra Cristina , Lima Eliane de Fatima Almeida , Costa Leite Franciele Marabotti , Primo Candida Caniçali
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: avaliar os fatores associados ao trauma mamilar. Método: estudo seccional realizado em alojamento conjunto com todas puérperas e recém-nascidos internados no período de julho a agosto de 2014. Resultados: Foram avaliadas 73 puérperas e 76 Recém-nascidos (3 gemelares). Verificou-se associação significativa entre trauma mamilar e dor ou ardência pós-mamada (0.000), orientação no pré-natal (0.016) e número de consultas no pré-natal (0.018), sendo que mesmo as puérperas que tiveram sete ou mais consultas de pré-natal apresentaram trauma mamilar. Conclusão: Esse estudo reforça a importância das orientações e do preparo para amamentação iniciarem no período da gestação, para que a mulher conheça as possíveis complicações e suas formas de prevenção e tratamento. Dessa forma, a gestante poderá sentir-se preparada para amamentar o seu filho, evitando o aparecimento de traumas e lesões.
Furniture and sanitary facilities in family health units: accessibility for physical disability / Mobiliários e instalações sanitárias em unidades de saúde da família: acessibilidade física para pessoas com deficiência
Authors: Martins Kaisy Pereira , Medeiros Thayris Mariano de , Costa Tatiana Ferreira da , Macêdo Costa Kátiva Neyla de Freitas , França Inácia Sátiro Xavier de
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Investigar a acessibilidade física de mobiliários, equipamentos e instalações sanitárias em Unidades de Saúde de Família. Método: Trata-se de pesquisa descritiva exploratória, de base populacional, realizada nas Unidades de Saúde da Família do município de João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil. Utilizou-se um checklist fundamentado na Norma Brasileira 9050. Resultados: Dos 90 prédios avaliados, 83,3% dos balcões e das mesas de trabalho e 85,6% dos assentos ambulatoriais estão adequados, como preconizado pela legislação. Entretanto, apenas 24,4% dos bebedouros estão instalados adequadamente. Nenhuma das unidades apresentou textos contendo orientações e instruções escritas em braille; 60,0% não têm sanitários adequados, e 92,2% não estão devidamente sinalizados. Conclusão: Ainda são muitas as barreiras encontradas pelas pessoas com deficiência para o uso dos serviços de atenção básica à saúde. Nesse sentido, se faz necessário, intervenções específicas a esse grupo populacional e a avaliação das políticas públicas, para efetivar tudo o que é garantido por lei.
support as coping strategy of disabled people when faced with violence situations / O suporte social como estratégia de enfrentamento de pessoas com deficiência frente a situações de violência Social
Authors: Furtado de Carvalho Aline Maria , Evangelista Lopes Roberlandia , Nazaré Oliveira Eliany , Mazza Nunes Aragão Joyce
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Compreender o suporte social utilizado por pessoas com deficiência frente a situações de violência e como este contribui para a melhoria do processo-saúde-doença-cuidado desses indivíduos. Método: Estudo exploratório descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado de agosto/2015 a julho/2016. Participaram 102 pessoas com deficiência. Resultados: As categorias despertaram para uma rede composta por grupos sociais, na seguinte ordem de importância: familiares, amigos e comunidade, considerados como fonte de apoio informal fornecendo suporte emocional; profissionais da saúde e religião, como fontes de apoio formal. Esta é apontada como suporte emocional e aqueles, como suporte informacional e emocional; e as mídias citadas como apoio informacional necessário para enfrentar as violências diárias. Considerações: A busca por suporte social se apresenta como estratégia positiva de enfrentamento das violências diárias. O apoio ofertado minimiza por vezes os processos de adoecimento. Descritores: Enfrentamento, apoio social, pessoas com deficiência.
Nursing care systematization: the nurses’ perception / Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem: percepção dos enfermeiros
Authors: Silva Tatiana Gaffuri da , Da Silva Gelson Aguiar , Moser Denise Consuelo , Rodrigues de Oliveira Maier Suellen , Barbosa Leonardo Costa
Published: October 2018

Objetivo: Identificar como enfermeiros de Terapia Intensiva de um Hospital do Norte do Espírito Santo percebem a Sistematização da Assistência de Enfermagem/SAE como método de cuidado Método: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo com participação de quatro enfermeiros. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de entrevista semi-estruturada, pesquisa documental e observação não participante. Emergiram três categorias analíticas: “Aspectos Conceituais da SAE: identificando modelos”. “A fragmentação do método: do conceito à prática aplicada” e “A SAE na formação do enfermeiro: teoria x prática”. Resultados: Evidenciou fragilidades em relação à percepção dos enfermeiros sobre a SAE e o PE e sua exeqüibilidade. Conclusão: Rever o papel do enfermeiro, com vistas a retomada de suas responsabilidades com a saúde, pacientes e familiares restaurando seu compromisso com o cuidado efetivo e de qualidade. Descritores: UTI, Enfermagem, sistematização da assistência de enfermagem.
Influence of high serum alpha fetoprotein on patients with gastric cancer
Authors: Chen Ming‐Yao , Fang Wen‐Liang , Huang Kuo‐Hung , Lai Yu‐Hsin , Lin Hwai‐Jeng
Published: October 2018

Backgrounds

Patients with alphafetoprotein (AFP)‐producing gastric cancer (AFPGC) have a high incidence of liver metastasis and poor prognosis. However, the clinical manifestation of AFPGC remains controversial.

Methods

We enrolled patients who, before surgery, had gastric cancer with serum AFP levels of > 100 ng/mL (n = 30) and of ≦ 20 ng/mL (n = 1236). Clinical manifestations were compared between these two groups.

Results

Compared with in the AFP > 100 group, early gastric cancer was more frequent (30.1% vs. 0%) and advanced gastric cancer was less frequent (69.9% vs. 100%) in the AFP ≦ 20 ng/mL group (p < 0.001). Moreover, the incidence of liver and lymph node metastases was lower in the AFP ≦ 20 ng/mL group than in the AFP > 100 ng/mL group (4.4% vs. 43.3%, p < 0.001 and 60.7% vs. 93.3%, p < 0.001, respectively). More patients had stage IV AFPGC in the AFP > 100 ng/mL group than in the ≦ 20 ng/mL group (66.7% vs 27.1%, p < 0.001). Furthermore, fewer patients underwent curative surgery in the AFP > 100 ng/mL group (6.7% vs 37.9%, p < 0.001). More patients in the AFP > 100 ng/mL group died because of gastric cancer (66.7% vs 27.1%, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions

Patients with very high serum AFP levels have a high incidence of liver and lymph node metastases and extremely poor prognosis.

Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
Endemic hepatitis B and C virus areas are associated with lower prevalence of hyperlipidemia: Ecological and cross‐sectional studies
Authors: Chen Chao‐Tung , Huang Wei‐Cheng , Wang Jing‐Houng , Lee Chuan‐Mo , Hung Chao‐Hung , Tsai Lin‐San , Chen Shu‐Chuan , Lin Sheng‐Che , Lu Sheng‐Nan , Kee Kwong‐Ming
Published: October 2018

Backgrounds

Patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection have been documented to have lower levels of cholesterol and triglyceride. This study attempts to validate this correlation from ecological and cross‐sectional research in community.

Methods

A total of 56,336 subjects in 533 villages of Tainan County underwent health screening in 2004. The antibody to HCV (anti‐HCV), Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were checked. We used village as a unit to analyze the correlations between prevalence of HBsAg or anti‐HCV and hypercholesterolemia or hypertriglyceridemia. Statistical analyses were simple linear regression and Student t test.

Results

Mean serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were both significantly lower in subjects with HBV and HCV infection (all p < 0.001). Village‐specific prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia (r = – 0.15) and hypertriglyceridemia (r = – 0.21) were negative correlated with prevalence of HBsAg significantly (all p < 0.001). Village‐specific prevalence rates of hypercholesterolemia (r = ‐ 0.323) and hypertriglyceridemia (r = ‐ 0.258) were also negative correlated with prevalence of anti‐HCV significantly (all p < 0.001).

Conclusions

In this community‐based study, endemic villages of HBV or HCV infection were associated with a lower prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia.

Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
Comparison between tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and entecavir treatment in real‐world clinical practice
Authors: Wang Ssu‐Han , Lan Keng‐Hsin , Liang Cheng‐Chao , Cheng Yuan‐Lung , Kao Wei‐Yu , Lin Han‐Chieh
Published: October 2018

Background and aims

Entecavir (ETV) and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) are effective as two first‐line anti‐viral therapies for chronic hepatitis B (CHB); however, data are limited on directly comparing the safety and effectiveness of these two antivirals. Hence, we compared the efficacy and safety of TDF and ETV on treatment‐naïve patients with CHB.

Methods

We performed a hospital‐based, retrospective cohort study of 257 treatment‐naïve patients with CHB receiving TDF (n = 79) or ETV (n = 178). Virological and biochemical response as well as nephrotoxicity were assessed between TDF and ETV treatment groups.

Results

At month 12, TDF group had faster on HBV DNA complete suppression than ETV group (p = 0.001). Multivariate analysis indicated that treatment with TDF was a significant predictor of HBV DNA suppression (HR = 1.33; 95% CI = 1.01 – 1.76; p = 0.045). In addition, HBeAg positivity (HR = 0.70; 95% CI = 0.52 – 0.96; p = 0.025) and higher baseline HBV DNA level (HR = 0.84; 95% CI = 0.76 – 0.92; p < 0.001) were significant negative predictors for viral suppression. The ALT normalization rate between these two treatment groups were similar (p = 0.114). TDF group had more populations in ≧ 20% decrease of eGFR MDRD at month 24 than ETV group (31.5% vs. 17.2%, p = 0.044), but only the baseline eGFR was the independent factor by multivariate analysis (OR = 1.05; 95% CI = 1.03 – 1.07; p < 0.001).

Conclusions

TDF was significantly more effective in achieving complete viral suppression beyond month 12, and there was no significance in nephrotoxicity than ETV group.

Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
Detection of rectal neuroendocrine tumor during screening colonoscopy and its difference from colonic adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lin Cheng‐Kuan , Chung Chen‐Shuan , Chiang Tsung‐Hsien , Tu Chia‐Hung , Liang Cheng‐Chao
Published: October 2018

Backgrounds

The incidence of rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) diagnosed during screening colonoscopy is rising. The features and outcomes of these patients and their difference from colonic adenocarcinoma are unknown.

Methods

Data on subjects who underwent screening colonoscopy as part of a health checkup during a five‐year period were retrospectively analyzed. The prevalence and outcomes of the patients with rectal NETs were evaluated. The features of the patients with histopathologically proven NET and colonic adenocarcinoma were compared.

Results

A total of 8,278 subjects were enrolled. Rectal NETs were detected and diagnosed by histopathologic analysis in 13 patients (0.16%). The mean tumor size was 0.4 ± 0.25 cm and 7.7% of the patients had chronic diarrhea. Colonic adenocarcinoma was diagnosed in 24 patients (0.29%). Patients with rectal NETs were significantly younger than those with colonic adenocarcinoma (mean age: 49.4 ± 14.2 years versus 59.5 ± 11.5 years, p = 0.033) and had fewer symptoms (92.3% versus 41.7%, p = 0.001). All of the rectal NETs were successfully resected endoscopically by snare polypectomy or ligation‐assisted endoscopic mucosal resection. Histopathological analysis revealed WHO 2010 grade I NETs in all patients. No recurrence was detected during a mean follow‐up of 33 ± 15.2 months.

Conclusions

Rectal NETs are not uncommon incidental findings of the colonic malignancies during screening colonoscopy. Those were younger and more asymptomatic as compared with colonic adenocarcinoma. Using endoscopic resection can successfully remove these small tumors without recurrence.

Copyright © 2017, The Gastroenterological Society of Taiwan, The Digestive Endoscopy Society of Taiwan and Taiwan Association for the Study of the Liver.
An Unprecedented, Lewis Acid‐Mediated, Metal‐Free Iodoannulation Strategy to Aromatic Iodides
Authors: Banik Trisha , Betkekar Vipul V. , Kaliappan Krishna P.
Published: October 2018

A direct transformation of ortho‐alkynylated aromatic vinyl ethers to 1‐iodonaphthalenes and other iodo‐heterocycles under mild Lewis acidic conditions in the presence of iodide as an external nucleophile is reported. The first example of an iodoannulation strategy using a nucleophilic source of iodine, coupled with good to excellent yields, exclusive alpha regioselectivity and a broad substrate scope makes this work an attractive avenue towards the construction of aromatic iodides.