bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and implementation of a videoconferencing-embedded flipped classroom (VEFC) in college-level EFL
Authors: Lee Ju Seong (John) , Nakamura Yuji , Sadler Randall
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to describe the videoconferencing-embedded flipped classroom (VEFC) as a viable instructional design and practice to overcome the present challenge of Teaching English as an International English (TEIL) in Japan’s traditional EFL classroom. It will also discuss the effects and implications as a consequence of implementing this VEFC pedagogy in the classroom. Specifically, this paper will describe the four stages of VEFC: 1) out-of-class asynchronous task “connect with ELT scholars”; 2) in-class synchronous task “interact with ELT scholars”; 3) out-of-class asynchronous task “engage in reflective journals”; and 4) in-class synchronous task “collaborate to make a group presentation.” VEFC can be an effective pedagogical choice that teachers can adopt to prepare their students to become competent English users in other EFL contexts.
Teaching and learning the smart way
Authors: Krebs Chase
Published: February 2019

Many course syllabi for university-level language courses contain a clause prohibiting the use of cellphones during class. I call this practice into question by considering the potential benefits of using Smartphone (SP) technology to supplement language instruction. I begin with an examination of current practices regarding the use of SP technology in university-level language classrooms and demonstrate that, although a majority of instructors and students own a SP device, the available data suggest that SP technology is not being taken advantage of for instructional purposes. Language instructors have legitimate concerns regarding the use of SP devices in class, and several of these are discussed, along with ways these issues might be mitigated. The last part of the article is dedicated to providing guidance for selecting SP applications (apps) to supplement language instruction, and several specific apps that can be used in the language classroom are highlighted.
Navigating institutional teaching culture in implementing language ePortfolios
Authors: Schenker Theresa , Young Suzanne , Malinowski David
Published: February 2019

Our article presents the case of ePortfolio use for university-level language learners in foreign, second, and heritage (L2) language classes. It outlines the multi-year initiative of a language center in a private university in the Northeastern U.S. to introduce and support the use of ePortfolios in language classes across its campus. The article takes the form of a narrative in two parts, and in two voices. First, the authors outline the rationale, stages of planning, faculty training initiatives, and technical considerations from the vantage point of the language center’s ePortfolio initiative. The second narrative portrays how this ePortfolio initiative took shape in one semester of an Advanced German course. There, the instructor experimented with ePortfolios to showcase students’ language skills and intercultural achievements, while cultivating their digital literacy. We argue that the potential for students to take ownership over their ePortfolios as tools for deeper academic and personal development resides significantly with their instructor’s pedagogical assumptions and approaches. Further, we suggest that language learners’ sustained and deeper use of ePortfolios can be best supported not by a single classroom instructor acting alone, but through coordinated pedagogical, administrative, and technological support across the institution.
Who’s Teaching Which Languages Online?
Authors: Murphy-Judy Kathryn A. , Johnshoy Marlene
Published: February 2019

This paper describes findings from recent national surveys on online language education (OLE) within a broader context of national surveys of post-secondary online education and  world language enrollments. The surveys discussed and compared are the 2012 CARLA Survey by Johnshoy and BOLDD Surveys by Murphy-Judy (2014 & 2015). The findings reported here include: types and sizes of institutions; demographics of the teaching corps (CARLA data only); and, the mix of languages and levels. This work aims to provide useful information on online language education as it emerges as an important field in world language teaching and learning in the 21st century.
Digital Connections
Authors: Bates Daniel K. , Martinsen Rob A. , Thompson Gregory L.
Published: February 2019

Exciting advances in technology have provided foreign language teachers with opportunities to connect students to native speakers of target languages. Much of the research in this area focuses on changes in proficiency or cultural sensitivity. Although valuable, the research is lacking in understanding students’ experiences online, including positive and negative feelings, challenges, as well as students’ overall opinions of the exchanges’ usefulness for learning. The present study used a mixed methods approach to examine the experiences of third-semester university students participating in online language exchanges with native speakers. A third-semester Spanish class at a large university consisting of 18 students was selected as a sample. Students were required to speak online with native Spanish speakers in the target language for 20 minutes each week. Students completed weekly surveys and a final survey, and three students were selected for semi-structured interviews. The data reveal common struggles that students face during online exchanges, methods students use for coping with these difficulties, areas of perceived growth, and social factors that affect students’ experiences. The article concludes with recommendations for what foreign language educators can do to support students in similar online exchanges.
Assessing the effectiveness of a web-based tutorial for interlanguage pragmatic development prior to studying abroad
Authors: Russell Victoria , Vásquez Camilla
Published: February 2019

This manuscript reports the results of a research study that investigated the effect of a web-based tutorial (WBT) on 13 Spanish language learners’ pragmatic development during the semester prior to studying abroad in Spain. Students who anticipate living abroad with a host family may be particularly motivated to acquire pragmatic competence in order to better assimilate into the target language culture. The WBT was designed to teach the speech acts of complaints and requests to Spanish language learners whose first language is English. The content in the WBT is based upon available empirical evidence at the time of development. Data were collected at pretest and posttest and the analysis employed a mixed methods approach. The results revealed that the WBT was more effective with intermediate- than with novice-level learners of Spanish. In addition, learners’ comprehension gains were greater than their production gains. In other words, learners improved in their ability to recognize appropriate pragmatic strategy use; however, they still had difficulty producing pragmatically appropriate features after completing the WBT. It is possible that pragmatic awareness may precede learners’ ability to use appropriate pragmatic strategies in their linguistic output.
Critical Intersection of Heritage Language Learning and eTandem Learning Environments
Authors: Rivera Alexis Vollmer , Teske Kaitlyn
Published: February 2019

At first glance, the growing popularity of eTandem mobile applications for language learning purposes seems to facilitate the connection and collaboration of speakers from all different locations and walks of life. However, when looking more deeply at the design of these applications, an exclusive dichotomy is revealed that prescribes use only by Native Speakers (NS) and Second Language Learners (L2), leaving no consideration for the needs of Heritage Language Learners (HLL). This perpetuation of the hierarchical ranking of language learners and speakers mirrors these same power structures that are present in society (Valdés, González, López García, & Márquez, 2003). In order to explore the apparent lack of space for HLL, this study critically analyzes two eTandem mobile applications, HelloTalk and Tandem. By means of Content Analysis (Krippendorff, 1989) of the applications’ affordances informed by a Critical Applied Linguistics framework (Pennycook, 2001), the study finds that there are various features that might offer HLL a space within this environment and foster their affective and educational needs. However, these features are not a primary focus of the application design and the way in which these features could be used to support HLLs’ development is totally dependent on the individual experiences of each user. Utilizing these findings, the investigators offer a set of suggestions for future research in order to advocate for social change manifested by the inclusion of HLL in language learning technologies. In addition, they discuss pedagogical implications for the current state of affairs in order to prepare HLL for interaction with these virtual power structures.
Tomato Transformation v1
Authors: Rajewski Alex , van Eck Joyce
Published: February 2019

This protocol is slightly modified from the citatation below. All credit for this protocol should be directed toward those authors. This protocol details how to transform tomato (Solanum lyycopersicum) with Agrobacterium and to regerneate the plants via tissue culture.
Tomato Transformation Media v2
Authors: Rajewski Alex
Published: February 2019

This protocol is simply the media recipes for use with my tomato transformation protocol.
The Artist, the Image and the Self: Representation in Rembrandt, Bacon, Mapplethorpe, Sherman, and Nan Goldin
Authors: De Oliveira Luiz Sérgio
Published: February 2019

Before photography, only painters, printmakers, and sculptors could tell, through self-portraits, how they saw themselves and how they were perceived. In the past, only artists had the resources to capture and picture themselves. From one brushstroke to another, this mediated gesture marked the perception of the self. Western art highlights numerous works from artists who wrote the history of culture through portraiture and self-representation. In contemporary art, some artists have been able to explore new means to investigate new possibilities of representing the self. In the past, painters seemed to scrutinize the mirror in search for hidden truths; in our era, however, dominated by uncertainty, ambiguity, and speedy records that carry out their obsolescence, new issues cross the representation in contemporary art. It is undeniable that the history of art reveals how self-representation has been an essential tool for artists, regardless of the historical time in which they are inserted, in their search to reflect on themselves and their relations with the world. In the face of an immensely large and virtually inexhaustible universe, in this study we focus on five artists: Rembrandt, Francis Bacon, Robert Mapplethorpe, Cindy Sherman, and Nan Goldin.
Interdisciplinary Approach-Based Energy Education
Authors: Guven Gokhan , Sulun Yusuf
Published: February 2019

The purpose of the current study is to investigate the effect of interdisciplinary approach-based energy instruction on pre-service science teachers’ academic achievement and conceptual understanding regarding the concept of energy. To this end, the current study was designed as a quasi-experimental study in line with the pretest-posttest control group design. The activities related to the concept of energy were conducted by using the interdisciplinary approach and the same activities were conducted by using the methods and techniques based on the existing approaches. A total of 66 pre-service science teachers participated in the study lasting for 10 weeks. In the analysis of the data, ANOVA/Post Hoc Test was used. As a result of the study, it was found that the use of the interdisciplinary instructional approach in teaching the concept of energy increased the pre-service teachers’ academic achievement and conceptual understanding more than the traditional approaches. Thus, it can be suggested that during the instruction of the energy concept, the features of this concept should be taught in a certain developmental order and the interdisciplinary approach should be used in the activities conducted to teach this concept.
AN INTERSECTIONAL ANALYSIS OF RESPONSES TO INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN TWO MARGINALISED SOUTH AFRICAN COMMUNITIES
Authors: Van Niekerk Taryn J. , Boonzaier Floretta A.
Published: February 2019

This paper aims to investigate the responses available to urban and rural community members in the Western Cape Province of South Africa after witnessing, experiencing, or hearing about intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. It explores the social and material spaces that make IPV against women possible in these communities, which have a complex history of multiple forms of violence, including institutional, symbolic, and interpersonal. Seven focus group discussions with community members are analysed, using thematic narrative analysis, to explore the social and collective features of IPV and how it emerges within community responses to this violence. Constructions of IPV as an “everyday” event surfaced in the data, and mutualising language was often employed to construct IPV as a reciprocal activity with no clear distinction between attacker and victim. Also, a reconciliatory “kiss-and-make-up” narrative emerged in the data, representing how community members responded to this violence. In addition, the temporary nature of the violent event was emphasised by participants, and the aftermath was described as an opportunity for the victim and perpetrator to “reunite”, thereby providing justification for non-intervention in future violent events. By asking questions about responses to IPV, this paper offers insight into, and recommendations about, key forms of community intervention and engagement for gendered violence.
Mainstreaming the Culture of Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) in Kenya for the Sustainable Realization of the Country’s Vision 2030
Authors: Khisa Kelvin , Oguge Nicholas , Anyango Obiero Stephen
Published: February 2019

Competitive and productive Special Economic Zones (SEZs)/ industrial Parks (IPs) of the future will be those that will abandon the wasteful linear development model and instead embrace a circular economy that is characterized with the circular flow of materials and energy. Doing this will not only lower pressure on the use of the country’s virgin raw materials but also contribute to the reduced carbon footprint of the SEZs/IPs by helping to divert wastes from the landfill. This paper investigated the spontaneous evolution of waste and by-product exchange at the agro-processing and garment clusters of the Athi River SEZ. These cluster based material exchanges evolved on their own largely as a result of the prevailing forces of material supply and demand. Though at its infancy, this emergency of industrial symbiosis at the economic zone has helped to demonstrate the social inclusion dimension of green growth through the creation of decent green jobs. The practice has also enabled participating firms to reduce their GHG emissions and lower their operational costs. The economic zone’s desire to fully embrace waste recovery, reuse and recycling as part of its deliberate efforts of advancing the ideals of a circular economy is currently being hampered by a lack of functional waste recovery, reuse, and recycling infrastructure. The proposed strengthening of University-Industry-Government (U-I-G) collaboration at the Athi River SEZ, will help promote eco-innovation that forms the cornerstone of the economic zone’s improved productivity and competitiveness. The paper sought to unravel the enabling policy interventions that need to be put in place so as to accelerate the transformation of the country’s economic zones into environmentally friendly Eco-Industrial Parks (EIPs) capable of attracting green foreign direct investments (FDIs). It also tackled the barriers that need to be overcome by key stakeholders so that the country’s SEZs/ IPs can adopt a development trajectory that enjoys low-emission levels, efficiently uses its resources, and is socially inclusive through the creation of decent green jobs.
The Problem of Redundant Variables in Random Forests
Authors: Kubus Mariusz
Published: February 2019

Random forests are currently one of the most preferable methods of supervised learning among practitioners. Their popularity is influenced by the possibility of applying this method without a time consuming pre‑processing step. Random forests can be used for mixed types of features, irrespectively of their distributions. The method is robust to outliers, and feature selection is built into the learning algorithm. However, a decrease of classification accuracy can be observed in the presence of redundant variables. In this paper, we discuss two approaches to the problem of redundant variables. We consider two strategies of searching for best feature subset as well as two formulas of aggregating the features in the clusters. In the empirical experiment, we generate collinear predictors and include them in the real datasets. Dimensionality reduction methods usually improve the accuracy of random forests, but none of them clearly outperforms the others.
Hotspoty w bibliotekach – jak bardzo powszechne, jak bardzo potrzebne?
Authors: Grygrowski Dariusz
Published: February 2019

A period, in which getting the access to the Internet at the library required using the computer belonging to the library, and most often wired connected to the network, is ending. More and more libraries are giving users an alternative and more convenient way to use the Internet – access through wifi. All the more, it is possible to use the past tense while talking about the period when one should pay a fee for the access to the Internet in the library. Also, the expression “hotspots in libraries” has recently gained a new meaning. This is because among the items lent by libraries, alongside books and audiovisual materials, there appeared also portable devices called hotspots. They allow users to connect their mobile devices to the Internet practically from the any place – of course also beyond the library. In the article an attempt was made to answer the question of how common it has become in libraries to share the Internet wireless and by what rules it is being realized.
Analiza responsywności stron internetowych polskich bibliotek uniwersyteckich
Authors: Gmiterek Grzegorz
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the results of analysis on eighteen Polish university libraries websites. The subject of study was the website responsiveness regarding the level of their mobile-friendliness in terms of content alignment to mobile devices display capabilities.
Drugie oblicze biblioteki – inicjatywy edukacyjno-kulturalne w Bibliotece Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Authors: Michalska Urszula , Osiewała Renata
Published: February 2019

The common definition of the library concept usually consists of three basic functions: gathering, storing and sharing. In the case of the academic library we also take a specific user into consideration, the academic community. This is the main group that the library is aimed at. Scientific libraries are seeking to change this stereotype by fetching its readers not only possibility of reaching interesting literature but also a wide range of cultural initiatives. This article presents initiatives taken by The Library of the University of Lodz in 2016, in order to fit in with the programme of spreading readership and promoting libraries by many events encouraging to visit this institution regularly.
Yield and quality of two hulless barley varieties after inoculation with Fusarium culmorum
Authors: Políšenská Ivana , Vaculová Kateřina , Jirsa Ondřej , Sedláčková Irena , Frydrych Jan
Published: February 2019

The effect of F. culmorum inoculation on the yield and quality of grain of AF Cesar and AF Lucius barley varieties was monitored. Field experiments were conducted between 2015-2017 at two locations. In grain harvested from plots grown under natural infection conditions, the deoxynivalenol content was very low. Inoculation caused a decline in germination, a certain reduction in yield and a change in some qualitative parameters (reduction in protein and fiber content, increase in starch content), but the effect of inoculation was weak and significantly influenced by the environment and the variety. The β-glucan content was not affected by inoculation. The varieties differed significantly from each other in β-glucan content (AF Cesar > AF Lucius). The deoxynivalenol content of both varieties was comparable after the inoculation while it differed under conditions of the natural infection (AF Cesar < AF Lucius).
Nutritional composition and energy value of different types of beer and cider
Authors: Olšovská Jana , Štěrba Karel , Vrzal Tomáš , Čejka Pavel
Published: February 2019

Consumers are increasingly interested in the nutritional composition of food and beverages, including beer. Therefore, nutritional values of beer became an integral part of the beer label information. It specifies, in particular, the energy value stipulated by law for beer with alcohol content lower than 1.2% vol.; in some cases also the concentration of carbohydrates, particularly sugars, proteins and salt. This work is a brief practical review of nutritional composition and energy value of different beer types and discusses the contribution of individual nutrients and alcohol to the total energy value. These values were measured in 172 samples of beer (24 pale lagers with the original gravity (OG) ranging from 9.00-10.99%, 45 pale lagers with the OG ranging from 11.00-12.99%, 18 dark lagers with the OG ranging from 11.00-12.99%, 9 special beers with the OG higher than 13%, 31 non-alcoholic beers, 19 beer-mixes, and 26 ciders). The highest average energy value was measured with light special beer (215 kJ/100 mL), cider (208 kJ/100 mL), and dark lager (181 kJ/100 mL). The average value of a standard Pils lager is 175 kJ/100 mL and 144 kJ/100 mL for beers with OG 9.00-10.99% and 11.00-12.99%, respectively. The lowest energy value is measured in non-alcoholic beer (75 kJ/100 mL). In common lagers, alcohol mostly contributes up to 60% to the total energy value, while the energy value of non-alcoholic beer is formed especially by carbohydrates (about 90%). The concentration of salt (sodium) is very low in beer (about 4 mg/100 mL) in comparison with the other food in general.
Editorial
Authors: Ávila Vásquez Manuel Oswaldo
Published: February 2019

Como cabría esperarse, estas palabras no son sólo la presentación de una nueva publicación de la revista Cuestiones de Filosofía, en este caso el volumen 4 número 23, sino una despedida de mi parte como editor. Para mí ha sido un privilegio participar en este proyecto editorial, el cual está animado por la significativa tarea de dar a conocer las investigaciones llevadas a cabo en el ámbito de la filosofía. Debo destacar que la labor no ha sido nada fácil gracias a las nuevas políticas fijadas por Colciencias. Pese a esta circunstancia, este trabajo ha traído consigo enormes satisfacciones. Un buen ejemplo de ello, es el haber podido pasar de una publicación anual a una bianual, lo que representa la consolidación ‒cada vez mayor‒ de una revista filosófica de larga tradición en el medio académico nacional e internacional.
El costo social de la república: los trabajadores de los sistemas defensivos de Cartagena de Indias, 1750-1850
Authors: Solano D. Sergio Paolo
Published: February 2019

Con el propósito de determinar las consecuencias sociales de la independencia sobre la población libre trabajadora de Cartagena de Indias, este artículo compara las inversiones realizadas y cantidades de trabajadores contratados en sus sistemas defensivos entre 1750 y 1850 tomando como parteaguas los años de la independencia. Teniendo como telón de fondo los actuales debates historiográficos sobre las consecuencias de las independencias sobre las economías y las sociedades hispanoamericanas, argumentamos que la combinación de la pérdida de privilegios, el cambio de la situación política y de las estrategias de la guerra a nivel internacional, aunado a la crisis presupuestal de la naciente república, afectaron la demanda laboral en esa ciudad, la que había estado vinculada a los trabajos en los sistemas defensivos.
Diversité des champignons endomycorhiziens de l’arganier et potentiel mycorhizogène des sols rhizosphériques des arganeraies du Sud-Ouest marocain
Authors: Ouallal Imane , Abbas Younes , Ech-cheddadi Sara , Ouajdi Mohamed , Ouhadach Moussa , El Yacoubi Houda , Kerdouh Benaissa , El Goumi Younes , Rochdi Atmane
Published: February 2019

L’arganier, Argania spinosa, est une espèce endémique du Maroc, structurant des formations forestières remarquables et façonnant un terroir agricole original. Si son statut mycorhizien a été largement étudié, la diversité mycorhizienne associée et son efficacité, en tenant compte du lien avec les contextes pédoclimatiques et la diversité des territoires de l’arganier, demeure méconnue. Aussi, neuf arganeraies du Sud-Ouest marocain ont fait l’objet d’investigations afin, d’une part, d’explorer la diversité des communautés de champignons mycorhiziens associés à cet arbre dans diverses situations édapho-climatiques, et, d’autre part, d’évaluer le potentiel mycorhizogène des environnements rhizosphériques, en vue de les exploiter comme sources d’inocula. L’examen microscopique des racines de l’arganier confirme la mycotrophie de l’espèce et sa dépendance aux champignons mycorhiziens arbusculaires (CMA), quel que soit le site prospecté. Les spores de CMA isolées des sols rhizosphériques des arganeraies étudiées restent de faible densité. Les corrélations entre les différents morphotypes sont très hautement significatives au sein du genre Glomus. Dans certains sites, une corrélation positive apparaît entre la densité de spores et l’intensité de mycorhization des racines. Une corrélation négative se présente entre le potentiel mycorhizien des neuf sols étudiés et les propriétés chimiques des sols. Ces résultats suggèrent que d’autres facteurs édaphiques (propriétés biologiques des sols, par exemple) ou le degré de perturbation des sols des arganeraies, lié aux usages agricoles et au pâturage, pourraient influencer fortement le processus de mycorhization de l’arganier. Il en est ainsi de la performance des spores mycorhiziennes, ce qui conduit à devoir éviter de contre-sélectionner des CMA inefficients en matière de survie et de croissance de l’arganier, qu’il s’agisse de production en pépinières forestières ou de réhabilitation en milieu naturel.
Análise quantitativa por cromatografia
Authors: Valente Antônio Luiz Pires , Riedo Cássio Ricardo Fares , Augusto Fabio
Published: February 2019

Este é um texto de apoio ao aplicativo multimídia Análise Quantitativa por Cromatografia (disponível em Aplicativos e Programas). A sua finalidade é a de oferecer ao leitor material similar, na forma impressa, ao do multimídia. Este texto é mais detalhado do que o apresentado no aplicativo, mas tem um número muito menor de figuras. É também uma forma complementar para a apresentação das informações e interpretações, podendo servir tanto como material de apoio como resumo do material original.
Sistema internacional de unidades
Authors: Andrade João Carlos de , Custódio Rogério
Published: February 2019

O Sistema Internacional de Unidades [SI] está fundamentado em sete unidades de base (comprimento, massa, tempo, corrente elétrica, temperatura termodinâmica, quantidade de matéria e intensidade luminosa) que, por convenção, são tidas como dimensionalmente independentes. Todas as outras são unidades derivadas, formadas coerentemente por multiplicação ou divisão entre si, sem fatores numéricos.
Eletroforese capilar
Authors: De Queiroz Sonia Claudia do Nascimento , Jardim Isabel Cristina Sales Fontes
Published: February 2019

O fenômeno denominado eletroforese é definido como sendo a migração de espécies carregadas eletricamente, que ocorre quando as mesmas são dissolvidas ou suspensas em um eletrólito, através do qual uma corrente elétrica é aplicada [1]. Esta técnica de separação foi desenvolvida pelo químico Arne Tiselius para o estudo de proteínas em soro [2] e por este trabalho ele ganhou o prêmio Nobel em 1948. Este método, denominado solução livre, era bastante limitado devido à instabilidade do aparelho, e mais significativamente, pelos efeitos de difusão e aquecimento gerados pelo campo elétrico, os quais comprometiam a resolução (a separação) dos compostos. Estes efeitos foram minimizados com a introdução de suporte (gel ou papel) que ajudou a conter o movimento livre dos analitos, de forma que o efeito da difusão fosse diminuído. Entretanto este sistema oferecia um baixo nível de automação, tempos de análise longos e após a separação a detecção era feita visualmente. A eletroforese capilar (EC) é uma técnica que foi introduzida em 1981, por Jorgenson e Lukacs [3] e tem sido aceita cada vez mais, como um importante método analítico. Em sua forma mais simples a EC é uma aproximação da técnica original, descrita por Tiselius, porém emprega-se um tubo capilar, preenchido com um eletrólito, conforme o próprio nome sugere.
The Microbiome of Temporal Arteries
Authors: Hoffman Gary Stuart , Getz Ted M. , Padmanabhan Roshan , Villa-Forte Alexandra , Clifford Alison H. , Funchain Pauline , Sankunny Madhav , Perry Julian D. , Blandford Alexander , Kosmorsky Gregory , Lystad Lisa , Calabrese Leonard H. , Eng Charis
Published: February 2019

Objective: A role for microorganisms in giant cell arteritis (GCA) has long been suspected. We describe the microbiomes of temporal arteries from patients with GCA and controls.Methods: Temporal artery biopsies from patients suspected to have GCA were collected under aseptic conditions and snap-frozen. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and long-read 16S rRNA-gene sequencing was used to examine microbiomes of temporal arteries. Taxonomic classification of bacterial sequences was performed to the genus level and relative abundances were calculated. Microbiome differential abundances were analyzed by principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) with comparative Unifrac distances and predicted functional profiling using PICRUSt.Results : Forty-seven patients, including 9 with biopsy-positive GCA, 15 with biopsy-negative GCA and 23 controls without GCA, were enrolled. FISH for bacterial DNA revealed signal in the arterial media. Beta, but not alpha, diversity differed between GCA and control temporal arteries (P = 0.042). Importantly, there were no significant differences between biopsy-positive and biopsy-negative GCA (P > 0.99). The largest differential abundances seen between GCA and non-GCA temporal arteries included Proteobacteria (P), Bifidobacterium (g), Parasutterella (g) and Granulicatella (g) [Log 2-fold change > 4].Conclusion: Temporal arteries are not sterile, but rather are inhabited by a community of bacteria. We have demonstrated that there are microbiomic differences between GCA and non-GCA temporal arteries, but not between biopsy-positive and biopsy-negative GCA.
BIMBINGAN ORANGTUA DALAM MENANGGULANGI ANAK TANTRUM DI LOMBOK BARAT
Authors: Musawirin Musawirin
Published: February 2019

This study aims to determine the development of tantrum children and parental guidance in tackling Tantrum Children in Kuripan Utara Village, Kuripan Lobar District. This research is a descriptive qualitative study with a case study approach. The subject of this study is the parents of children who have the behaviour of tantrums and their neighbours. Data collection techniques used are observation, interviews, documentation. The data analysis techniques are used, namely through data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. Check the validity of the data by increasing perseverance and using source triangulation. The fndings of this study, namely the development of tantrum children in Kuripan Utara Village, have several developments including (a) physical development, (b) emotional development, (c) cognitive development, (d) social development. While the fndings of parental guidance in dealing with tantrum children are (a) moving to another place, (b) distracting the child, (c) talking softly to the child. In this parent’s guidance, the connection with the theory can produce children who will be spared from deviant behaviour when they are big.
Preliminary Study of Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue Dye using Magnetic Alginate/Fe3O4 (Alg/Fe3O4) Nanocomposites
Authors: Fadillah Ganjar , Serunting Muhamad Allan
Published: February 2019

The Magnetic compound, Fe3O4, is one of the compounds that is easily hydrolyzed and oxidized. A coating method was presented in this study to prevent the process. The modifications of Fe3O4 were carried out by supporting alginate as natural polymers on the surface of Fe3O4. Preparation of magnetic alginate/Fe3O4 (Alg/Fe3O4) nanocomposite has been successfully synthesized. Alg/Fe3O4 material was synthesized using the coprecipitation method with Fe2+; Fe3+ (with molar ratio 1:2) and alginate 1% as precursors. Synthesized Alg/Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), DelsaTM Nano C Particle Analyzer, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The Alg/Fe3O4 has an average diameter of 13.70 nm. Photodegradation test of synthetic methylene blue (MB) dye was found at pH 5.0 and irradiation time under UV245 for 60 minutes. The degradation results showed that the percentage of MB dye removal reached more than 90%.
Survey Study on Attitudes to Multi-Dimensional Sustainable Development Ladder with UK MSc Students
Authors: Melles Gavin
Published: February 2019

As reflected in the sustainable development goals (SDG), sustainable development is a multi-dimensional concept integrating political, ethical, economic and other factors. Reports from the UN decade of Education for Sustainable Development (UNDESD) suggest that universities are more engaged with sustainable development in higher education (HESD). Despite promising signals about student awareness of sustainable development, survey studies suggest student engagement and knowledge is limited in addressing social and economic factors. This study evaluated how UK students enrolled in postgraduate taught sustainability degrees responded to the multi-dimensional issues of sustainable development. Consolidating work by Baker on the multi-dimensional ladder of sustainable development, this study piloted a 39 question 7-point Likert scale survey with a cohort of UK taught postgraduate (MSc, MPhil) students (n=121, Cronbach Alpha 0.796, n=39 Questions). Subsequent removal of questions duplicating content and replacement of missing values produced better results (0.810 Cronbach Alpha, n=30 Questions). The study found this cohort able to recognize and respond to the multiple challenges of strong and weak sustainable development issues. Results also suggest that future studies could limit the number of questions Results and qualitative comments from the survey suggest, however, students resist the idea of strong interventions in social, political and economic life.
Topological Monopoles in Quantum Antiferromagnets
Authors: Azzouz Mohamed
Published: February 2019

While the observation of magnetic monopoles has defied all experimental attempts
in high-energy physics
and astrophysics, sound theoretical
approaches predict they should exist, and
they have indeed been observed as quasiparticle excitations
in certain condensed-matter systems.
This indicates that, even though they are not
ubiquitous contrary to electrons, it is possible to get them as excitations above
a ground state.
In this report, we show that phonons or
lattice shear strain
generate topological monopoles in some
low-dimensional
quantum antiferromagnets.
For the Heisenberg ladder, phonons are found to generate
topological monopoles with nonzero density due
to quantum spin fluctuations.
For the four-leg Heisenberg tube, longitudinal shear stress
generates topological monopoles with density proportional
to the strain deformation. The present theory
is based on mapping the spin degrees of freedom onto spinless
fermions using the generalized Jordan-Wigner
transformation in dimensions higher than one.
The effective magnetic field generated by the motion of the spinless fermions
has non-zero divergence
when phonons or shear stress are present. A possible system where the present
kind of monopoles could be observed
is BiCu$_2$PO$_6$.
Laboratory Study of Ultrasonic Velocity Variations During CO2 Flooding in Tuscaloosa Sandstone
Authors: Mohapatra A.. , Rai C. S. , Sondergeld C. H. , Richards T..
Published: February 2019

Surface seismic technology offers a promising technique for monitoring carbon dioxide (CO2) flood fronts during the enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) process. Changes in the seismic signature have been observed with CO2 flooding, but its quantification with respect to subsurface saturation is still in its infancy. This study is focused on quantifying variation in the seismic parameters (velocity and impedance) as a function of subsurface fluid type and saturation.

We present results of a laboratory study in which velocity and density were monitored as the pore fluids (formation brine and oil, and CO2) were replaced sequentially. All the experiments were performed at in-situ pressure conditions on core plugs (Tuscaloosa Sandstone) recovered from a well in a field currently undergoing CO2 flooding. These plugs are characterized as fluvial (quartz ≈87%, clay ≈10%) and distributary channels (quartz ≈75%, clay ≈17%).

When dry samples were flooded with brine, a decrease in compressional-wave (P-wave) velocity (≈2%) was observed until 95% saturation of brine was achieved. For the remaining 5% of saturation, the velocity increased by 7 to 12.5%. After attaining 100% brine saturation, oil was pumped to displace the brine until irreducible water saturation was achieved. A linear drop of 3 to 4% in velocity to oil saturation was observed during this step. Thereafter, liquid CO2 was injected to displace the oil/brine system and a drop of 5 to 10% in P-wave velocity was observed. Biot-Gassmann modeling shows good agreement with experimental results for the gas/brine and oil/brine systems, but not for liquid-CO2 flooding.

An empirical relationship was derived from the experimental results, and was applied to sonic logs and used for sensitivity analysis of 4D-seismic data. Post-flooded sonic data were compared to a theoretical sonic curve estimated from an empirical and ‘patchy’ model. Also, a significant increase in seismic amplitude difference was observed when CO2 saturation was greater than 50%.
An Experimental Investigation of Polymer Mechanical Degradation at the Centimeter and Meter Scale
Authors: Åsen Siv Marie , Stavland Arne , Strand Daniel , Hiorth Aksel
Published: February 2019

In this work, we examine the common understanding that mechanical degradation of polymers takes place at the rock surface or within the first few millimeters of the rock. The effect of core length on mechanical degradation of synthetic enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) polymers was investigated. We constructed a novel experimental setup for studying mechanical degradation at different flow velocities as a function of distances traveled. The setup enabled us to evaluate degradation in serial mounted core segments of 3, 5, 8, and 13 cm individually or combined. By recycling, we could also evaluate degradation at effective distances up to 20 m. Using low-velocity reinjection of a polymer solution previously degraded at a higher rate, we simulated the effect of radial flow on degradation.

Experiments were performed with two different polymers [high-molecular-weight (MW) hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) and low-MW acrylamide tertiary butyl sulfonic acid (ATBS)] in two different brines [0.5% NaCl and synthetic seawater (SSW)].

In the linear flow at high shear rates, we observed a decline in degradation rate with distance traveled. Even after 20 m, some degradation occurred. However, the observed degradation was associated with high pressure gradients of 100 bar/m, which at field scale is not realistic. It is possible that oxidative degradation played a significant role during our experiments, where the polymer was cycled many times through a core. This occurrence could significantly affect our suggestion that mechanical degradation still occurs after 20 m or more of flow through a porous medium.

The MW of the degraded polymer could be matched with a power-law dependency, MWD ≈ L–x, where x for the HPAM was 0.07 and x for the ATBS was 0.03.

In the radial flow, where the velocity decreases by length, the mechanical degradation occurs close to the sandface with only minor degradation deeper in the formation. The length at which degradation reaches a stable condition is not determined.

We confirmed previous findings that degradation depends on salinity (Maerker 1975) and MW (Stavland et al. 2010), and results show that in all experiments with significant degradation, most of the degradation takes place in the first core segment. Moreover, the higher the shear rate and degradation, the higher the fraction of degradation that occurs in the first core segment.
Effect of Irrigation Method on Tree Growth, Foliar Nutrient Levels, and Nut Characteristics of Young Pecan Trees in the Southern Great Plains
Authors: ShalekBriski Abby , Brorsen B. Wade , Biermacher Jon T. , Rohla Charles T. , Chaney Will
Published: February 2019

Although irrigation is a common practice in pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards, the effects of different methods of irrigation on young tree growth, nut quality, and nutrient uptake have not been estimated. Five irrigation systems and one nonirrigated control system were established. Tree performance was characterized by change in trunk diameter, weight per nut, average kernel percentage, and total trunk diameter growth. Nutrient uptake was determined by foliar levels. The five irrigation systems were a microsprinkler with a 35-ft diameter, a microsprinkler with a 70-ft diameter, two subsurface driplines irrigating for 2 days/week alternating between water for 2 hours and no water for 2 hours, two subsurface driplines irrigating 1 day/week for 20 hours continuously (LI2), and four subsurface driplines irrigating for 10 hours continuously for 1 day/week (LI4). Irrigation systems affected foliar levels of potassium (K), boron (B), and manganese (Mn) levels. Irrigation system did not affect change in trunk diameter or kernel percentage. A spatial Durbin error model was estimated to use trunk diameter estimates from all trees in the orchard. This model found the trunk diameters of nonirrigated and LI4 system trees to be significantly less than those trees that were irrigated by the LI2 system. When observations were pooled over all years, LI4 trees had individual pecan nut weights that were significantly less than all other systems.
Drip Irrigation Elevated Olive Productivity in Southwest China
Authors: Liu Quan , Lan Yan , Tan Feng , Tu Yunbiao , Sun Yingying , Yougu Gajue , Yang Zeshen , Ding Chunbang , Li Tian
Published: February 2019

Water is essential for crops and plays a vital role in olive (Olea europaea) growth. Three irrigation treatments, rain-fed (CK), flood irrigation (FI), and drip irrigation (DI), were applied from late November to late May in a 2-year study (Nov. 2015 to Oct. 2017) on two olive cultivars, Coratina and Koroneiki. Shoot growth, flower and fruit characteristics, and olive and oil yields were measured. Compared with CK, FI had significantly higher values of vegetative growth, olive and oil yields, moisture content, and oil content. Although the fruit weight, pulp rate, and oil content with DI were the lowest, our results support that DI had the greatest positive effects on olive vegetative growth, flowers, fruit set, and olive and oil yields. It is suggested that DI in winter and spring is the best irrigation strategy for olive productivity in southwest China.
Testing an Automated Irrigation System Based on Leaching Fraction Testing and Weather in a Container Nursery
Authors: Million Jeff B. , Yeager Thomas H.
Published: February 2019

Irrigation scheduling in container nurseries is challenging due to the wide range of plant production conditions that must be accounted for at any given time. An irrigation scheduling system should also consider weather affecting evapotranspiration to apply proper amounts of water that will ensure optimal growth with minimal runoff (container drainage). We developed an automated system that relies on routine leaching fraction (leachate/water applied) testing and real-time weather recorded on-site to make adjustments to irrigation. A web-based program (CIRRIG) manages irrigation zone inputs [weather and leaching fraction (LF) test results] and outputs irrigation run times that can be implemented automatically with programmable logic controllers. In this study conducted at a nursery in central Florida, we compared the automated technology (CIRRIG) with the nursery’s traditional irrigation practice (TIP) of manually adjusting irrigation based on substrate moisture status of core samples taken twice weekly. Compared with TIP, CIRRIG reduced water use in six of seven unreplicated trials with water savings being greater for microirrigated crops grown in large containers than for sprinkler-irrigated crops in small containers. Reduced pumping cost associated with water savings by CIRRIG was estimated to be $3250 per year, which was insignificant compared with the labor savings of $35,000 to $40,000 anticipated by the nursery using CIRRIG in lieu of TIP. At the end of the project, the necessary hardware was installed to expand CIRRIG nursery-wide and control 156 zones of irrigation.
Equations of state in generalized hydrodynamics
Authors: VU Dinh-Long , Yoshimura Takato
Published: February 2019

We, for the first time, report a first-principle proof of the
equations of state used in the hydrodynamic theory for integrable
systems, termed generalized hydrodynamics (GHD). The proof makes full
use of the graph theoretic approach to Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA)
that was proposed recently. This approach is purely combinatorial and
relies only on common structures shared among Bethe solvable models,
suggesting universal applicability of the method. To illustrate the idea
of the proof, we focus on relativistic integrable quantum field theories
with diagonal scatterings and without bound states such as strings.
Interest Rate, Foreign Exchange Rate, and Stock Market Development in Nigeria
Authors: Adebowale Edward Adedoyin , Akosile Akindele Iyiola
Published: February 2019

This research investigated the effect of interest rate and foreign exchange rate on stock market development in Nigeria. This research was centered on two research problems. First, it was whether interest rate had a significant effect on stock market development in Nigeria. Second, it was whether foreign exchange rate had a significant impact on stock market development in Nigeria. The scope of the research covered the period from 1981 to 2017. Data for this period were chosen because it covered pre and post-liberalization periods of Nigerian financial system. This research made use of ex post facto research design. Secondary data were sourced from Nigerian Stock Exchange reports, Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletins, and National Bureau of Statistics publications. Data were collected on Stock Market Capitalization (SMC), Prime Lending Rate (PLR) and Real Exchange Rate (RER) (Nigerian Naira in relation to American Dollars of the United States). Data analysis was carried out with Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and Cochrane-Orcutt Iterative techniques. The findings reveal that interest rate has a significant negative effect, and foreign exchange rate has a significant positive effect on Nigerian stock market development during the period covered. It is suggested that monetary authorities should strive to formulate policies that will make interest and foreign exchange rates stable, competitive, and at a level that will stimulate the investment of funds in the stock market.