bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Research on online teaching operation mode of postgraduate courses
Authors: Meng Xiaofang , Wang Lidi , Wang Jun , Tian Youwen , Wang Yingnan
Published: May 2022

In order to effectively improve the online teaching effect of graduate courses, it is very important to plan the online teaching operation mode with the full help of information technology. This paper analyzes the characteristics and existing problems of postgraduate online teaching. In view of the characteristics and existing problems of online teaching, according to the teaching experience and the characteristics of postgraduate courses, this paper designs the teaching operation mode from the three aspects of teaching, auxiliary teaching and interactive platform, and puts forward the methods of developing online teaching from the three aspects of classroom teaching, course management and course assessment. This paper discusses the process of online teaching in detail, which provides a reference for the efficient online teaching of graduate courses.
An improved algorithm of the spatial coordination analysis on higher education resources and employment population
Authors: Zhang Lei
Published: May 2022

The traditional evaluation criteria of coordination analysis were based on the classification of fixed interval index. Clustering methods serve to redefine the criteria and improve the accuracy of the coordination analysis. The improved algorithm was adopted to analyze the spatial coordination between Chinese higher educational institutions and employment population. It was discovered:1.The regional imbalance of the higher educational institutions was less serious than that of the employment population;2.Although the coordination level of developing regions in the south-central and north-east was lower than that of western border and eastern coastal regions, all those regions globally maintained a high level of coupling and coordination; 3. Inclusive regional development strategies could be adopted to optimize the coordination between education and employment.
Research on data outlier detection method based on sample parameter selection LOF
Authors: Huo Yanwei , Yin Lei , Wang Ran
Published: May 2022

The LOF data anomaly detection method has some defects, such as the value of k has great influence on the accuracy of detection results, and the selection of k value usually adopts trial method, which consumes a lot of calculation time. Therefore, this paper proposes an anomaly detection method for LOF data based on sample parameter selection, Tagged according to the sample data set point of normal and abnormal point, the adaptive selection of k value and outlier detection, so as to improve the accuracy of data outlier detection and calculation speed, and through the example of meteorological data outliers detection showed that LOF abnormal data points based on sample parameter selection method in the detection accuracy and reliability are improved significantly.
Study on the inheritance and practice of tujia brocade in colleges and universities-take the talent class of Zhangjiajie college as
Authors: Su Xiao , Tang Chunyan
Published: May 2022

Tujia brocade is a folk handicraft of regional culture with Western Hunan characteristics. Through the combination of folk crafts and talent courses of college students, students can deepen their understanding of Tujia brocade folk crafts and feel the unique charm of folk crafts in practice; And inherited the intangible cultural heritage. Tujia brocade has been handed down to this day. It has not only been simply applied to bedding, dowry and other elements, but has left beautiful footprints in various fields such as packaging design, home design, modern clothing design and logo design. Tujia brocade has been integrated into the teaching of talent courses in Colleges and universities through the practice of teaching and skills, Enhance students’ practical ability and feel the edification of the charm of folk culture, and better inherit and innovate Tujia brocade products with the help of the advantages of young students.
Improve the teaching effect of mechanical design course
Authors: Wang Dongwei
Published: May 2022

In order to improve the teaching effect of mechanical design course, this paper discusses the teaching process from six aspects. It mainly includes the setting of basic courses, the revision of teaching plans and syllabus, the teaching of practical links, the experimental teaching of design courses, the integrated teaching process and the course design. It is the way to improve comprehensive quality of students. Through the combination of theory and practice, we pay attention to strengthening students’ ideological and political education and cultivating theirs innovative ability. Mechanical design plays a very important role in mechanical engineering technicians and mechanical industry. Therefore, it is of far-reaching significance to do a good job in the teaching of mechanical design.
Intelligent network connection technology based on 5G intelligent highway
Authors: Liu Qi , Xu Xingrong , Zeng Chuanxin , Song Meng , Wang Tiejing , Liang Yinggang
Published: May 2022

Intelligent highways are important practical scenarios in the application of modern intelligent transportation systems. The rapid development of 5G intelligent network technology provides important technical support for improving the travel efficiency of autonomous driving in intelligent transportation systems and reducing the risk of collisions. This paper introduces the technology of 5G intelligent network connection, discusses the integration application of intelligent highway scene and intelligent network connection technology, and finally predicts the future development trend of the intelligent transportation system.
Evaluate the impacts of researchers in China with a novel indicator framework
Authors: Chen Yijin , Luo Ying , Wang Yuanyuan , Deng Weiwei
Published: May 2022

Evaluating the impacts of researchers plays a role in identifying impactful researchers, cultivating talents, and promoting talent exchange. Traditional indicators emphasize researchers’ scholarly impacts and rely on bibliometric data, which take a long time to reveal the impacts. With the popularization of social networks, researchers have gone beyond academia and shown their impacts instantly on the general population. Although altmetrics have been proposed to measure the societal impacts of researchers, they show differences across countries and regions. A comprehensive indicator framework for evaluating the impacts of Chinese researchers is lacking. This study proposes a novel indicator framework based on bibliometrics and altmetrics and uses it to evaluate the impacts of researchers in China. Specifically, the proposed framework consists of 2, 3, and 17 first-level, second-level, and third-level indicators, respectively. We conduct a case study with data from various online platforms. Results demonstrate that the indicator framework can evaluate the scholarly and societal impacts of Chinese researchers. The results also show that researchers’ societal impacts are stronger than their scholarly impacts in China. According to the impacts, the indicator framework can categorize researchers into different groups, among which the largest group contains ordinary researchers with mediocre scholarly and societal impacts.
Transformational leadership style and small business growth
Authors: Wu Jing
Published: May 2022

This article starts with the definition of a small business, its several stages of development, and the main behavioral manifestations of transformational leadership style, analyzes and draws a preliminary conclusion that transformational leadership is suitable for the growth of small businesses. Then it tells the story of New Oriental from a training school for studying abroad in Beijing to gradually grow into New Oriental Education Technology Group Co.,Ltd., the leader of China’s private education and training industry, which further supports the original conclusion.
The dilemma and reflection of Chinese theatre arts education in universities
Authors: Zhang Shenghuan
Published: May 2022

At present, the education of Traditional Chinese theatre arts in universities is lacking in both “software” and “hardware”, which is in the dilemma of being marginalized by teaching. There are many common problems in the bottleneck and causes of many kinds of theatre arts in the development of universities education, such as the shortage of teachers, the lack of interest of students, the weakness of scientific research, the poor environment of Traditional Chinese Theatre arts and so on. In view of the above problems, it is suggested to adopt multi-channel strategies to cultivate students’ interest, improve the supporting Traditional Chinese Theatre arts curriculum, and optimize the traditional Chinese Theatre arts environment, so as to change the current dilemma of Traditional Chinese Theatre arts in universities.
Revisiting rural healthcare access through Held’s ethics of care
Authors: Quilliam Claire , Glenister Kristen , Ervin Kaye , Weller-Newton Jennifer
Published: May 2022

Access to healthcare and health seeking behaviours of rural people often hinge on the existing relationships between healthcare providers and (prospective) healthcare users. However, rich micro-level health professional-healthcare user relationships and the unique relational context of rural settings are largely missing from dominant rural healthcare access conceptual frameworks. We argue rural healthcare access conceptualisations require revisiting from a relational perspective to ensure future healthcare access policy accounts for the relational nature of healthcare in rural contexts. Ethics of care is a moral theory informed by feminism which rejects liberal individualist notions and emphasises interdependence. We used Held’s ethics of care characteristics to examine Russell and colleagues’ healthcare access framework and dimensions for rural and remote populations. This process revealed Held’s ethics of care characteristics are only somewhat evident across Russell et al.’s dimensions: most evident in the acceptability and accommodation dimensions, and most absent in the availability and affordability dimensions. Future rural healthcare access frameworks need to pay further attention to the relational aspects of rural healthcare, particularly around the availability and affordability of healthcare, to bolster future efforts to improve healthcare access for rural people.
Towards a European political science? Opportunities and pitfalls in the internationalisation of political science in Europe
Authors: Engeli Isabelle , Kostova Dobrinka , Tronconi Filippo
Published: May 2022

Political science has not remained on the side of the internationalisation road. While continental European political science was criticised for not being internationalised enough in the beginning of this century, much progress has been done since then. This symposium discusses the state of play of the internationalisation trend(s) in European political science. Building on the data collected within the COST programme PROSEPS, the contributions show that we have made progress toward building a scholarly community across Europe. European political research has, on a number aspects, become a more collective endeavour deployed across Europe. Opportunities for cumulative knowledge-building and intellectual exchange are, partially at least, supported by internationalisation. These opportunities have significantly increased over the last two decades. We are, nevertheless, not there yet. The articles shed light on a number of challenges and pitfalls on the path towards a truly Europe-wide political science.
Combined effects of concave and convex nonlinearities for the generalized Chern–Simons–Schrödinger systems with steep potential well and 1 < p < 2 < q < 6
Authors: Xiao Yingying , Zhu Chuanxi , Chen Jianhua
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we study the Chern–Simons–Schrödinger system with a steep potential well and 1 < p < 2 < q < 6. First, by using the truncation technique, we prove that this system possesses a positive energy solution. Second, the concentration behavior of the positive energy solutions as λ → +∞ and κ → 0 are also considered. Finally, we obtain a negative energy solution via the Ekeland variational principle.
Ensemble-statistical approach in the measurement of air–water flow properties in highly unsteady breaking bores
Authors: Wüthrich Davide , Shi Rui , Chanson Hubert
Published: May 2022

Breaking bores are commonly observed in a number of natural processes, often associated with the presence of a transient mixture of air and water, with intense recirculation, air bubble entrainment, and splashing. Two-phase flow measurements in such highly unsteady flows cannot be based on long-duration measurements and require novel ensemble-statistical approaches based on multiple repetitions. Detailed measurements of air–water flow properties were then conducted in a breaking bore with Fr1 = 2.4 using an array of multiple dual-tip phase-detection probes. Based on an extensive experimental program, inclusive of 2000 tests at a single position and 100 tests at multiple elevations, a detailed sensitivity analysis was conducted on the necessary number of repetitions to obtain physically meaningful and statistically reliable air–water flow properties. The results led to a robust methodology to estimate ensemble-statistical values, including confidence intervals and residual error. In addition, these results provided a detailed characterization of the behavior of air–water flow properties in highly unsteady flows, including void fraction, number of interfaces, and bubble chord time/length. Despite the transient nature, all physical processes showed consistent behaviors with theoretical models and other stationary flows, including hydraulic jumps and plunging jets. Overall, this study provided two-phase flow characteristics that go beyond the limitations imposed by the unsteady nature of the flow, proving thoroughly the importance of large datasets for the estimation of air–water flow properties in highly unsteady flows.
Composition gradient-enabled circular photogalvanic effect in inogranic halide perovskites
Authors: Jia Ru , Jiang Jie , Zhang Lifu , Hu Yang , Pendse Saloni , Guo Yuwei , Shi Jian
Published: May 2022

Inversion symmetry breaking could lead to the creation of a Rashba–Dresselhauls magnetic field, which plays the key role in spintronic devices. In this work, we propose and develop a composition gradient engineering approach that breaks inversion symmetry into inorganic halide perovskites with strong spin–orbit coupling. We synthesize epitaxial CsPbBrxCl(3−x) with Br/Cl composition gradient by a two-step chemical vapor deposition approach. Through optoelectronic measurements, we show the presence of circular photogalvanic effects (CPGEs), evidencing a Rashba-like spin polarized band structure. By spatially resolved photoluminescence spectra, we find that the observed CPGE is likely a cumulative result of inversion symmetry-broken interfaces featured by abrupt and stepwise composition gradient between the pristine and separated daughter phases. Our work suggests an avenue in engineering the spintronic property of halide perovskites for information processing.
Effect of manganese incorporation on the excitonic recombination dynamics in monolayer MoS2
Authors: Chakrabarti Poulab , Kumar Yadav Santosh , Deb Swarup , Dhar Subhabrata
Published: May 2022

Using x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy techniques, we investigate the incorporation of manganese (Mn) in monolayer (1L)-MoS2 grown on sapphire substrates by microcavity based chemical vapor deposition method. These layers are coated with different amounts of Mn by pulsed laser deposition technique. The study reveals two contrasting Mn-incorporation regimes. Below a threshold deposition amount, thin Mn-coating with large area coverage is found on MoS2 layers where substitution of Mo ions by Mn is detected through XPS. Dewetting takes place when Mn deposition crosses the critical mark, resulting in the formation of Mn-droplets on MoS2 layers. In this regime, substitutional incorporation of Mn is suppressed, while the Raman study suggests an enhancement of disorder in the lattice with the Mn deposition time. This knowledge can help us in tackling the challenge of doping of 2D transition metal dichalcogenides in general. From the temperature dependent photoluminescence study, it has been found that, even though Mn deposition enhances the density of non-radiative recombination channels for the excitons, the thermal barrier height for such recombinations to take place also rises. The study attributes these non-radiative transitions to Mo-related defects (Mo-vacancies and/or distorted Mo–S bonds), which are believed to be generated in large numbers during Mn-droplet formation stage.
Reduction in growth rates of wild horse populations treated with the controlled-release immunocontraceptive PZP-22 in the western United States
Authors: Grams Kayla , Rutberg Allen , Turner John W.
Published: May 2022

Context Management of wild horses (Equus caballus) on public lands in the western United States by gathering and removing surplus animals has historically failed to keep up with annual population growth. Research has yielded several effective contraceptive agents but these agents have not been widely applied, especially on difficult-to-access horses occupying expansive ranges. Aims This study examined wild horse population growth reduction associated with controlled-release PZP-22 immunocontraceptive vaccine treatments in two challenging herd management areas (HMA) in the western United States. Methods Populations of wild horse herds at Cedar Mountain HMA, Utah (CM), and Sand Wash Basin HMA, Colorado (SWB), USA, were primed with PZP-22 in gathers conducted in 2008 and 2012 (CM only) and boosted with PZP-22 or native PZP administered by dart (SWB in 2010) or by hand (CM in 2012). The two herds were intensively observed between 2008 and 2015. Population size, mortality, reproductive rates and growth rates were calculated from exhaustive inventories of known individuals. Key results Adult and foal mortality were low at both sites. Consequently, both reproductive rates and population growth rates were strongly predicted by a fertility control index, the product of proportion of mares treated and vaccine efficacy. Following the 2012 CM gather, at which 69% of the mares present were treated, only 20% of mares in the herd foaled, and population growth rate decreased by 74% relative to baseline levels, emphasising the importance of treating a large majority of mares. Conclusions Contraception can significantly reduce rates of population growth in wild horse herds that occupy large areas and are challenging to access. Multiple-year efforts and recruitment of new mares into the treatment population beyond the initial application are needed to achieve a biologically significant impact. Implications The strong quantitative relationship between proportion of mares treated and vaccine efficacy and population growth rates should allow managers to better forecast the effort and number of removals (if any) needed to cost-effectively regulate wild horse population numbers and protect the range ecosystem.
A fluorescent nanosensor paint detects dopamine release at axonal varicosities with high spatiotemporal resolution
Authors: Elizarova Sofia , Chouaib Abed Alrahman , Shaib Ali , Hill Björn , Mann Florian , Brose Nils , Kruss Sebastian , Daniel James A.
Published: May 2022

Significance

The neurotransmitter dopamine controls normal behavior and dopaminergic dysfunction is prevalent in multiple brain diseases. To reach a detailed understanding of how dopamine release and signaling are regulated at the subcellular level, we developed a near infrared fluorescent dopamine nanosensor 'paint' (AndromeDA) to directly image dopamine release and its spatiotemporal characteristics. With AndromeDA, we can ascribe discrete DA release events to defined axonal varicosities, directly assess the heterogeneity of DA release events across such release sites, and determine the molecular components of the DA release machinery. AndromeDA thus provides a new method for gaining fundamental insights into the core mechanisms of dopamine release, which with greatly benefit our knowledge of dopamine biology and pathobiology.
Effect of composition on microstructure and properties of as-cast 2196 Al–Cu–Li alloy
Authors: Chen Kaixuan , Li Zongxuan , Cao Yudong , Wu Xuehua , Chen Xiaohua , Wang Zidong , Tian Yuxing , Pan Shiwei
Published: May 2022

The influence of Li, Mg and Ag on microstructure and properties of Al–Cu–Li alloys attracted great attention, while few reports on casting state. In fact, the as-cast condition greatly influences the microstructure and performance during later treatments. This study conducts casting experiments on 2196-based Al–Cu–Li alloys with different Li, Mg and Ag additions. The grain refinement, evolution of intermetallic phases, and modification of properties caused by the composition are investigated by OM, EBSD, SEM, TEM characterisation and mechanical testing. In particular, microstructural, microchemical and crystallographic characteristics of intermetallic phases are identified. The mechanism based on the compositional effect on microstructure evolution is clarified, in combination with thermodynamic calculation. The mechanism of modification of properties is discussed in relation to the microstructure variations.
Effect of microwave on mechanical properties of laser-sintered carbon nanotube polymer composites
Authors: Zhang Yifan , Zhang Yunhe , Chen Ying , Cui Zhengmin , Li Yang , Guo Yanling , Li Jian
Published: May 2022

In this work, carbon nanotubes (CNT)/polyethersulfone (PES) polymer composites were prepared by selective laser sintering, and the effects of microwave treatment on mechanical properties and tensile fracture surfaces of the composites were investigated. The experimental results indicated that tensile strength and bending strength of the composites upon microwave treatment for 5–25 s were improved by 4–20.4% and by 4.5–47.7%, respectively. The tensile fracture surface morphology of the composites depended on the time length of microwave treatment. Upon microwave treatment, the fracture surface showed fewer pores and better interfacial bonding between adjacent polymer particles. The fracture mechanisms for the microwave-treated carbon nanotube/polymer composites prepared by selective laser sintering were discussed.
Effect of alloy element on microstructure and properties of heat-affected zone
Authors: Bian Shouyuan , Zhao Heming , Wang Jiaji , Li Weijuan , Wang Chuan , Pang Qihang , Zhang Youjian , Guo Jing
Published: May 2022

In the present study, the influences of general composition (GC steel), magnesium deoxidation treatment (MT steel) and magnesium deoxidation treatment with high vanadium (MVT steel) content on the inclusions, microstructure and low-temperature toughness of the welding heat affected zone of EH36 steel were studied. The thermal cycle process of the heat-affected zone (HAZ) was simulated by a thermal simulator, and then microstructure and impact properties were tested and analyzed. Obtained results show that Magnesium deoxidation treatment and magnesium deoxidation treatment with higher vanadium content decrease the number and average size of inclusions. Compared with GC steel, the austenite grain size of MT and MVT steel reduces at high temperatures so that the nucleation temperature of acicular ferrite in HAZ microstructure increases. Compared with GC steel, the low-temperature impact toughness of HAZ by MT steel and MVT steel increases.
Hyper and multiple f-index of nano star dendrimers
Authors: Ghobadi Sirous , Ghods Masoud , Ghorbaninejad Mobina
Published: May 2022

Dendrimers are branching molecules that consist of a central part attached to tree-like branches which are repeatedly connected to each other. Topological indices of a molecular graph are real numbers associated with graphs, which represents some of the properties of the molecule. In this article, we obtaine precise formulas for the hyper F-index and multiple F-index of a number of nano star dendrimers.
Generalized (α, β)-derivations in 3-prime near-rings
Authors: Boua Abdelkarim , Abdelwanis Ahmed Y.
Published: May 2022

Let  be a 3-prime near-ring and  are endomorphisms. In this paper, we generalize a few results concerning generalized derivations and two sided α -generalized derivations of 3-prime near rings to generalized (α, β) -derivations. Cases demonstrating the need of the 3-primeness speculation is given. When  (resp. ), one can easily obtain the main results of [1] (resp. [4]).
Border cell polarity and collective migration require the spliceosome component Cactin
Authors: Miao Guangxia , Guo Li , Montell Denise J.
Published: May 2022

Border cells are an in vivo model for collective cell migration. Here, we identify the gene cactin as essential for border cell cluster organization, delamination, and migration. In Cactin-depleted cells, the apical proteins aPKC and Crumbs (Crb) become abnormally concentrated, and overall cluster polarity is lost. Apically tethering excess aPKC is sufficient to cause delamination defects, and relocalizing apical aPKC partially rescues delamination. Cactin is conserved from yeast to humans and has been implicated in diverse processes. In border cells, Cactin’s evolutionarily conserved spliceosome function is required. Whole transcriptome analysis revealed alterations in isoform expression in Cactin-depleted cells. Mutations in two affected genes, Sec23 and Sec24CD, which traffic Crb to the apical cell surface, partially rescue border cell cluster organization and migration. Overexpression of Rab5 or Rab11, which promote Crb and aPKC recycling, similarly rescues. Thus, a general splicing factor is specifically required for coordination of cluster polarity and migration, and migrating border cells are particularly sensitive to splicing and cell polarity disruptions.
Probing function in ligand-gated ion channels without measuring ion transport
Authors: Godellas Nicole E. , Grosman Claudio
Published: May 2022

Although the functional properties of ion channels are most accurately assessed using electrophysiological approaches, a number of experimental situations call for alternative methods. Here, working on members of the pentameric ligand-gated ion channel (pLGIC) superfamily, we focused on the practical implementation of, and the interpretation of results from, equilibrium-type ligand-binding assays. Ligand-binding studies of pLGICs are by no means new, but the lack of uniformity in published protocols, large disparities between the results obtained for a given parameter by different groups, and a general disregard for constraints placed on the experimental observations by simple theoretical considerations suggested that a thorough analysis of this classic technique was in order. To this end, we present a detailed practical and theoretical study of this type of assay using radiolabeled α-bungarotoxin, unlabeled small-molecule cholinergic ligands, the human homomeric α7-AChR, and extensive calculations in the framework of a realistic five-binding-site reaction scheme. Furthermore, we show examples of the practical application of this method to tackle two longstanding questions in the field: our results suggest that ligand-binding affinities are insensitive to binding-site occupancy and that mutations to amino-acid residues in the transmembrane domain are unlikely to affect the channel’s affinities for ligands that bind to the extracellular domain.
Quantum Cloning of Steering
Authors: Zhu Dian , Shang Wei-Min , Zhang Fu-Lin , Chen Jing-Ling
Published: May 2022

Quantum steering in a global state allows an observer to remotely steer a subsystem into different ensembles by performing different local measurements on the other part. We show that, in general, this property cannot be perfectly cloned by any joint operation between a steered subsystem and a third system. Perfect cloning is viable if and only if the initial state is of zero discord. We also investigate the process of cloning the steered qubit of a Bell state using a universal cloning machine. Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen (EPR) steering, which is a type of quantum correlation existing in the states without a local-hidden-state model, is observed in the two copy subsystems. This contradicts the conclusion of no-cloning of quantum steering (EPR steering) [C. Y. Chiu et al., npj Quantum Inf. 2, 16020 (2016)] based on a mutual information criterion for EPR steering.
Resistance anomaly and linear magnetoresistance in thin flakes of itinerant ferromagnet Fe3GeTe2
Authors: Feng Honglei , Li Yong , Shi Youguo , Xie Hong-Yi , Li Yongqing , Xu Yang
Published: May 2022

Research interests in recent years have expanded into quantum materials that display novel magnetism incorporating strong correlations, topological effects, and dimensional crossovers. Fe3GeTe2 represents such a two-dimensional van der Waals platform exhibiting itinerant ferromagnetism with many intriguing properties. Up to date, most electronic transport studies on Fe3GeTe2 have been limited to its anomalous Hall responses while the longitudinal counterpart (such as magnetoresistance) remains largely unexplored. Here, we report a few unusual transport behaviors on thin flakes of Fe3GeTe2. Upon cooling to the base temperature, the sample develops a resistivity upturn that shows a crossover from a marginally –ln T to a –T
1/2 dependence, followed by a lower-temperature deviation. Moreover, we observe a negative and non-saturating linear magnetoresistance when the magnetization is parallel or antiparallel to the external magnetic field. The slope of the linear magnetoresistance also shows a nonmonotonic temperature dependence. We deduce an anomalous contribution to the magnetoresistance at low temperatures with a scaling function proportional –HT
1/2, as well as a temperature-independent linear term. Possible mechanisms that could account for our observations are discussed.
Experimental evidence of exchange forces between nanoparticles in a superparamagnetic system
Authors: de Araújo João Carlos Rocha , de Moraes Iglesias Carlos Augusto , da Silva Rodolfo Bezerra , Araujo Barbosa Suzana , Xavier Jayson , Silva Filho Ernani Dias da , Cardozo Fonseca José Luis , Souza Paloma Boeck , Campos Plá Cid Cristiani , Machado Fernando Luis de Araujo , da Silva Edimilson Félix , Gamino Matheus , de Medeiros Suzana Nóbrega , Correa Marcio Assolin , Bohn Felipe
Published: May 2022

Although interacting superparamagnetic systems have been widely explored, in most cases the correlations are only assigned to dipolar interactions. Here, we perform a systematic investigation of the properties of superparamagnetic MgFe2O4 nanoparticles, a system with characteristics that led us to believe they are associated with the existence of exchange interactions in the system. We first confirm that our sample consists of pure MgFe2O4 nanoparticles, having an average size of ∼12 nm and superparamagnetic behavior at room temperature with an irreversibility temperature of 250 K. Nevertheless, we reveal that the magnetic response is not well described by the Langevin function, even when taking into account the size distribution of the nanoparticles. In order to address the reasons for such deviation from the non-interacting behavior of a superparamagnetic system, we focus our attention on equilibrium and dynamic magnetization measurements, and consider a theoretical approach in the context of mean-field approximation, in which the effects of interactions in the sample are investigated. From the results, we find a positive value of 243 K for the parameter Θ associated with the mean field. Such a condition imposes the existence of magnetizing effects due to interactions in the system, which, according to Weiss’ mean field theory, are a fingerprint of the presence of exchange forces between nanoparticles.
Single-crystal elasticity of Zn2TiO4-spinel up to 18 GPa
Authors: Zhang Caizi , Li Fangfei , Wei Xinmiao , Nie Linsheng , Zhou Qiang , Li Xinyang , Li Liang
Published: May 2022

The single-crystal elastic constants of the spinel phase of Zn2TiO4 have been studied for the first-time using Brillouin scattering up to 18 GPa at room temperature in a diamond anvil cell. The three independent elastic constants of Zn2TiO4 spinel at ambient conditions were calculated: C
11 = 226(3), C
12 = 137(4) and C
44 = 88(2). The bulk modulus (K
S0) is 167(3) GPa, with pressure derivative

K

′

s

=
5.3
(
2
)

, and the shear modulus (G
0) is 67(1) GPa, with pressure derivative

G

′

=
0.06
(
5
)

. On basis of previous studies, our results suggest a possibility of the general law of elastic constants with pressure derivative (

C

′

ijs

) for spinel structure minerals:

C

′

11

≈

C

′

12

and

C

′

44

<<

C

′

11

C

′

12

. In addition, Zn2TiO4 have the lowest velocities and V
S gradient compared with the spinel type minerals in Earth’s mantle. Our results indicate the incorporation of Zn and Ti in the structure of ringwoodite may have a negative effect on the sound velocities and V
S gradient of Earth’s mantle transition zone.
A simulation system of radiation field and its detection for nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness and response training
Authors: Ji Yunlong , Wang Xiaoning , Zou Yang , Li Dawei , Zhang Yuxin , Ning Jing
Published: May 2022

Appropriate training of the related personnel is one of the most important aspects in nuclear and radiological emergency preparedness and response. The use of simulation training could provide the trainees learning experience of a lifelike, hands-on scenario without associated radiation safety restrictions. In this study, we established a radiation field simulation system that includes two separate parts. For small-area radiation field simulation, a set of simulation sources and detectors was designed based on ultra wide band distance measurement technology. For large-area field simulation, a Gaussian plume model was used to simulate the dispersion of released radioactive aerosols and calculate the consequent radiation field. Also, a Global Position System positioning and wireless transmission technique was used for simulation instruments’ data acquisition. This system could create a verisimilar but also safe and radiation-free environment and can be used in the training of nuclear emergency first responders, rescue teams or radiation protection personnel.
Optimized design of the restrictor for a MEMS thermal gas flowmeter
Authors: Yang Zhi , Zhai Yuan , Deng Bo , Yin Hao , Lu Zhuang , Xiang Yi , Shi Jinliang , Zeng Zhijie , Wu Ying
Published: May 2022

To improve the linear range of measurement, a restrictor is usually added to the main flow channel of a capillary-tube-type thermal mass flowmeter. However, as the linear range of the flowmeter increases, the singularity will occur in the low mass flow velocity section of the flowmeter calibration data, which will lead to a significant decrease in the measurement accuracy in this section. To address this issue, first, this paper developed a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) thermal gas flowmeter based on the principle of capillary-tube-type thermal mass flow. Then, the effect of the bypass ratio on its performance was further investigated using quantitative analysis and was verified using Fluent numerical analysis. In addition, to explain the singularity, the bypass ratio-sensitivity relationship model was built. Based on this model, the bypass ratio can be changed by adjusting the restrictor parameters to optimize the performance of the MEMS thermal gas flowmeter. Moreover, six numerical simulation models of restrictors with different aperture diameters and aperture numbers were designed. The numerical analysis results show that within a certain range of aperture diameters and aperture numbers, the singularity is more easily weakened when the aperture diameter decreases or the aperture number increases. Finally, the restrictor with the optimum aperture number and suitable aperture diameter was selected as the test model for calibration, and the goodness of fit R2
of the calibration results is improved from 0.9937 to 0.9972, the singularity in the low mass flow velocity section is significantly weakened, and the sensitivity is improved.
The p-Laplacian in thin channels with locally periodic roughness and different scales*
Authors: Nakasato Jean Carlos , Pereira Marcone Corrêa
Published: May 2022

In this work we analyse the asymptotic behaviour of the solutions of the p-Laplacian equation with homogeneous Neumann boundary conditions posed in bounded thin domains as

R

ε

=

(

x
,
y

)

∈

R

2

:
x
∈

(

0
,
1

)

and

0
<
y
<
ε
G

x
,
x
/

ε

α

for some α > 0. We take a smooth function

G
:

(

0
,
1

)

×
R
↦
R

, L-periodic in the second variable, which allows us to consider locally periodic oscillations at the upper boundary. The thin domain situation is established passing to the limit in the solutions as the positive parameter ɛ goes to zero and we determine the limit regime for three case: α < 1, α = 1 and α > 1.
Locoregional recurrence prediction in head and neck cancer based on multi-modality and multi-view feature expansion
Authors: Wang Rongfang , Guo Jinkun , Zhou Zhiguo , Wang Kai , Gou Shuiping , Xu Rongbin , Sher David , Wang Jing
Published: May 2022

Objective.Locoregional recurrence (LRR) is one of the leading causes of treatment failure in head and neck (H&N) cancer. Accurately predicting LRR after radiotherapy is essential to achieving better treatment outcomes for patients with H&N cancer through developing personalized treatment strategies. We aim to develop an end-to-end multi-modality and multi-view feature extension method (MMFE) to predict LRR in H&N cancer.Approach.Deep learning (DL) has been widely used for building prediction models and has achieved great success. Nevertheless, 2D-based DL models inherently fail to utilize the contextual information from adjacent slices, while complicated 3D models have a substantially larger number of parameters, which require more training samples, memory and computing resources. In the proposed MMFE scheme, through the multi-view feature expansion and projection dimension reduction operations, we are able to reduce the model complexity while preserving volumetric information. Additionally, we designed a multi-modality convolutional neural network that can be trained in an end-to-end manner and can jointly optimize the use of deep features of CT, PET and clinical data to improve the model’s prediction ability.Main results.The dataset included 206 eligible patients, of which, 49 had LRR while 157 did not. The proposed MMFE method obtained a higher AUC value than the other four methods. The best prediction result was achieved when using all three modalities, which yielded an AUC value of 0.81.Significance.Comparison experiments demonstrated the superior performance of the MMFE as compared to other 2D/3D-DL-based methods. By combining CT, PET and clinical features, the MMFE could potentially identify H&N cancer patients at high risk for LRR such that personalized treatment strategy can be developed accordingly.
Measurement of biological washout rates depending on tumor vascular status in 15O in-beam rat-PET
Authors: Toramatsu Chie , Mohammadi Akram , Wakizaka Hidekatsu , Sudo Hitomi , Nitta Nobuhiro , Seki Chie , Kanno Iwao , Takahashi Miwako , Karasawa Kumiko , Hirano Yoshiyuki , Yamaya Taiga
Published: May 2022

Objective. The biological washout of positron emitters should be modeled and corrected in order to achieve quantitative dose range verification in charged particle therapy based on positron emission tomography (PET). This biological washout effect is affected by physiological environmental conditions such as blood perfusion and metabolism, but the correlation to tumour pathology has not been studied yet. Approach. The aim of this study was to investigate the dependence of the biological washout rate on tumour vascular status in rat irradiation. Two types of tumour vascularity conditions, perfused and hypoxic, were modelled with nude rats. The rats were irradiated by a radioactive 15O ion beam and time activity curves were acquired by dynamic in-beam PET measurement. Tumour tissue sections were obtained to observe the histology as well. The biological washout rate was derived using a single-compartment model with two decay components (medium decay, k
2m
and slow decay, k
2s
). Main results. All k
2m
values in the vascular perfused tumour tissue were higher than the values of the normal tissue. All k
2m
values in the hypoxic tumour tissue were much lower than the values of the vascular perfused tumour tissue and slightly lower than the values of the normal tissue. Significance. The dependency of the biological washout on the tumour vasculature conditions was experimentally shown.
Multi-class retinal fluid joint segmentation based on cascaded convolutional neural networks
Authors: Tang Wei , Ye Yanqing , Chen Xinjian , Shi Fei , Xiang Dehui , Chen Zhongyue , Zhu Weifang
Published: May 2022

Objective. Retinal fluid mainly includes intra-retinal fluid (IRF), sub-retinal fluid (SRF) and pigment epithelial detachment (PED), whose accurate segmentation in optical coherence tomography (OCT) image is of great importance to the diagnosis and treatment of the relative fundus diseases. Approach. In this paper, a novel two-stage multi-class retinal fluid joint segmentation framework based on cascaded convolutional neural networks is proposed. In the pre-segmentation stage, a U-shape encoder–decoder network is adopted to acquire the retinal mask and generate a retinal relative distance map, which can provide the spatial prior information for the next fluid segmentation. In the fluid segmentation stage, an improved context attention and fusion network based on context shrinkage encode module and multi-scale and multi-category semantic supervision module (named as ICAF-Net) is proposed to jointly segment IRF, SRF and PED. Main results. the proposed segmentation framework was evaluated on the dataset of RETOUCH challenge. The average Dice similarity coefficient, intersection over union and accuracy (Acc) reach 76.39%, 64.03% and 99.32% respectively. Significance. The proposed framework can achieve good performance in the joint segmentation of multi-class fluid in retinal OCT images and outperforms some state-of-the-art segmentation networks.
Robust transmission gate-based 10T subthreshold SRAM for internet-of-things applications
Authors: Abbasian Erfan , Gholipour Morteza
Published: May 2022

This paper presents a transmission-gate-based 10T (TG10T) subthreshold SRAM cell for internet of things applications. To estimate its relative strength, it is compared with six-transistor (6T), transmission gate (TG)-based 8T (TG8T), and fully differential 8T (FD8T) cells subjected to severe process variations. The simulation results are carried out using HSPICE software and a 16 nm CMOS technology node. The TG10T cell uses a differential scheme to enhance the sense margin, two TGs instead of two NMOS access transistors to enhance write-ability, and two extra buffer transistors to improve read stability. The proposed TG10T cell minimizes leakage power dissipation by means of a greater number of PMOS devices. The proposed cell shows at least a 1.67X lower read delay (T
RA) and a 1.13X higher read static noise margin. In addition, it offers a 1.22X and 1.52X lower write delay (T
WA), and a 1.36X and 1.40X higher write static noise margin (WSNM) than that of 6T and FD8T, respectively. The TG10T cell consumes 2.06X/1.28X lower dynamic/leakage power compared to the 6T cell. For all these improvements, it incurs a penalty of 1.24X T
WA, 1.48X WSNM, and 1.12Xdynamic power when compared with the TG8T cell, at V
DD = 0.36 V. However, when subjected to severe process variations, the proposed TG10T cell shows high reliability. Moreover, a 2 kb SRAM memory using the proposed TG10T cell along with peripheral circuitries is implemented to evaluate the proposed cell’s performance in an array level.
The in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity of RBa
2
Cu
3
O
7−x
(R = Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Y) superconductors
Authors: Kumari Anita , Sharma Rakhi , Chauhan Radhika , Indu B D
Published: May 2022

We present an analysis of thermal conductivity of a series of rare earth substituted high temperature superconductors (HTS) of the form RBa
2
Cu
3
O
7−x
(R = Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, Y). Interaction of lattice vibrations with structural defects, surface boundaries, dislocations or point defects, phonons and electrons can lead to substantial thermal resistance. This work deals with the combined impact of all these scattering processes on the thermal conductivity of these HTSs and thus, presents a complete picture. The role of various scattering processes in thermal transport has been explored based on the many-body quantum dynamics for the bulk material. We have tried to interpret which scattering processes are important in different temperature ranges. We note that the boundary scattering is the sole contributor to thermal resistance at very low temperatures, in excellent agreement with experimental observations. Further, we also studied the anisotropic nature of thermal conductivity in single-crystal YBCO. Our results bear excellent agreement with the available experimental data for both the in-plane and cross-plane thermal conductivity. It is observed that the in-plane thermal conductivity is much higher than the cross-plane thermal conductivity imparting a 2 − D nature to the thermal transport in such materials. We conclude that of the various scattering processes, anisotropy in the thermal transport is largely owing to the defect scattering, phonon-phonon scattering and interference scattering processes. Such an analysis addresses the possibility of limiting the heat flow in a particular direction while allowing it in the other; a feature that can be exploited for the development of exotic technological high-temperature superconductor crystals for industrial use.
Surviving early career research and beyond in biophysics/biological physics: a concise user guide
Authors: Leake Mark C
Published: May 2022

Early career researcher (ECR) development is a dynamic challenge that tensions the urge to perform ground-breaking research against an ultimate practical aspiration of establishing an acceptable level of job security. There is no typical career path for an ECR, least of all in the area of biophysics/biological physics. Being explicitly interdisciplinary across the physical-life sciences interface presents more opportunities for a multiplicity of career trajectories through different home academic institutions and departments, as well as offering a broader range of alternative future career trajectories in non-academic sectors. That said, there are key common features, such as the transient nature of fixed-term postdoctoral contracts, the substantial research and domestic challenges that these present, and the often overwhelming pressures of the realities of competition in the job market. In this short article, I outline the key challenges to ECRs in this area and discuss simple strategies to manage and potentially overcome them. To highlight discussion, I draw from specific exemplars in the UK, however, the key guide applies globally to all ECRs in biophysics/biological physics.