bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Smartphone Applications for Assessing Ankle Range of Motion in Clinical Practice
Authors: Wang Kevin Y. , Hussaini S. Hanif , Teasdall Robert D. , Gwam Chukwuweike U. , Scott Aaron T.
Published: September 2019

Background:

Measuring ankle range of motion (ROM) following injury or intervention is necessary for monitoring recovery as well as for calculating permanent impairment ratings in workers’ compensation cases. In recent years, smartphone application developers have created applications (apps) that emulate ROM measurement tools like the universal goniometer. This study assessed the correlation between smartphone ROM measurements and universal goniometer measurements, as well as the reliability and usability of these apps in clinical practice.

Methods:

Three raters used the Goniometer app (Gonio), Clinometer app (Clino), DrGoniometer app (DrG), and a universal goniometer (UG) to assess the ankle ROM in plantarflexion and dorsiflexion of 24 patients with ankle pathology. Each patient completed a survey on the usability of the apps.

Results:

Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient test showed moderate correlation between the smartphone and UG measurements (Lin‘s correlation coefficient [rLC] = 0.931, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.911-0.946 for UG-Gonio; rLC = 0.908, 95% CI = 0.881-0.929 for UG-Clino; rLC = 0.935, 95% CI = 0.915-0.950 for UG-DrG). A 2-way mixed model showed good to excellent interrater reliability for each app for plantarflexion and dorsiflexion (ICCp = 0.836, ICCd = 0.912, P < .001 for Gonio; ICCp = 0.788, ICCd = 0.893, P < .001 for Clino; ICCp = 0.777, ICCd = 0.897, P < .001 for DrG). Most participants surveyed were very comfortable with having their ankle ROM measured by a smartphone.

Conclusion:

Smartphone apps may be a more convenient way to measure ankle ROM than UG. Physicians can use these apps to measure a patient’s ROM in clinic, a patient could send a picture of his or her dorsiflexed or plantarflexed ankle to the physician to remotely track ROM, or a patient could measure his or her own ROM at home using a personal smartphone.

Level of Evidence:

Level IV, case series.
The (Un)Resolved Case: Blurry vision, left foot drop and brain cysts
Authors: Di Liberto Giovanni , Aícua-Rapún Irene , Comps Jean-Nicolas , Sherif Mohamed , Boillat-Blanco Noémie , Brouland Jean-Philippe , Maeder Philippe , Daniel Roy T , Du Pasquier Renaud A , Sokolov Arseny A
Published: September 2019

This clinical vignette describes the interdisciplinary diagnostic approach to a patient with cystic brain lesions. The scope of this case is to develop the clinical reasoning skills of trainees in clinical neuroscience, taking into account alternative diagnoses and unusual clinical presentations.
A faultline in neoliberal environmental governance scholarship? Or, why accumulation-by-alienation matters
Authors: Dunlap Alexander , Sullivan Sian
Published: September 2019

This article identifies an emerging faultline in critical geography and political ecology scholarship by reviewing recent debates on three neoliberal environmental governance initiatives: Payments for Ecosystem Services, the United Nations programme for Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and carbon-biodiversity offsetting. These three approaches, we argue, are characterized by varying degrees of contextual and procedural – or superficial – difference, meanwhile exhibiting significant structural similarities that invite critique, perhaps even rejection. Specifically, we identify three largely neglected ‘social engineering’ outcomes as more foundational to Payments for Ecosystem Services, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and carbon-biodiversity offsetting than often acknowledged, suggesting that neoliberal environmental governance approaches warrant greater critical attention for their contributions to advancing processes of colonization, state territorialization and security policy. Examining the structural accumulation strategies accompanying neoliberal environmental governance approaches, we offer the term ‘accumulation-by-alienation’ to highlight both the objective appropriations accompanying Payments for Ecosystem Services, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and offsetting and the relational deficiencies accompanying the various commodifying instrumentalizations at the heart of these initiatives. We concur with David Harvey’s recent work proposing that understanding the iterative and consequential connections between objective/material and subjective/psychological dimensions of alienation offers ‘one vital key to unlock the door of a progressive politics for the future’. We conclude (with others) by urging critical geography and political ecology scholars to cultivate research directions that affirm more radical alternatives, rather than reinforcing a narrowing focus on how to improve Payments for Ecosystem Services, Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation in Developing Countries and offsetting in practice.
Effects of dietary intervention on vitamin B12 status and cognitive level of 18-month-old toddlers in high-poverty areas: a cluster-randomized controlled trial
Authors: Sheng Xiaoyang , Wang Junli , Li Feng , Ouyang Fengxiu , Ma Jingqiu
Published: September 2019

Background

The local diet in high-poverty areas in China is mainly vegetarian, and children may be more vulnerable to vitamin B12 deficiency.

Objective

The aims of this study were to explore the vitamin B12 status of toddlers living in high-poverty areas of China and to observe the effects of different complementary foods on the vitamin B12 status and cognitive level of these toddlers.

Methods

The study was nested within a cluster-randomized controlled trial implemented in 60 administrative villages (clusters) of Xichou County in which infants aged 6 months old were randomized to receive 50 g/d of pork (meat group), an equi-caloric fortified cereal supplement (fortified cereal group) or local cereal supplement (local cereal group) for one year. At 18 months, a subsample of the 180 toddlers (60 from each group) was randomly tested for serum vitamin B12 and total homocysteine (tHcy) levels, and their neurodevelopment was evaluated.

Results

The median serum concentrations of vitamin B12 and tHcy were 360.0 pg/mL and 8.2 μmol/L, respectively, in children aged 18 months. Serum vitamin B12 concentrations less than 300 pg/mL were found in 62 (34.4%) children, and concentrations less than 200 pg/mL were found in 30 (16.7%) children. The median vitamin B12 concentration was significantly different among the three groups (P < 0.001). The highest vitamin B12 level was demonstrated in the fortified cereal group (509.5 pg/mL), followed by the meat group (338.0 pg/mL) and the local cereal group (241.0 pg/mL). Vitamin B12 concentration was positively correlated with the cognitive score (P < 0.001) and the fine motor score (P = 0.023) of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development, 3rd Edition (BSID III) screening test. Compared to the local cereal group, children in the meat group had higher cognitive scores (P < 0.05).

Conclusion

In poor rural areas of China, vitamin B12 deficiency in toddlers was common due to low dietary vitamin B12 intake. Fortified cereal and meat could help improve the vitamin B12 status of children and might improve their cognitive levels.

Trial registration

The larger trial in which this study was nested was registered at clinical trials.gov as NCT00726102. It was registered on July 31, 2008.
Quantitative MNase-seq accurately maps nucleosome occupancy levels
Authors: Chereji Răzvan V. , Bryson Terri D. , Henikoff Steven
Published: September 2019

Micrococcal nuclease (MNase) is widely used to map nucleosomes. However, its aggressive endo-/exo-nuclease activities make MNase-seq unreliable for determining nucleosome occupancies, because cleavages within linker regions produce oligo- and mono-nucleosomes, whereas cleavages within nucleosomes destroy them. Here, we introduce a theoretical framework for predicting nucleosome occupancies and an experimental protocol with appropriate spike-in normalization that confirms our theory and provides accurate occupancy levels over an MNase digestion time course. As with human cells, we observe no overall differences in nucleosome occupancies betweenDrosophilaeuchromatin and heterochromatin, which implies that heterochromatic compaction does not reduce MNase accessibility of linker DNA.
Reconstruction of a dorsal thoracic wall defect with a dorsal intercostal artery perforator flap after removal of a bulky cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a case report
Authors: Lupon E. , Lellouch A. G. , Deilhes F. , Chaput B. , Berthier C.
Published: September 2019

Introduction

Surgical reconstruction of large soft tissue defects of the upper back is challenging. Although the usefulness of free perforator flaps has been demonstrated, local options remain limited. The dorsal intercostal artery perforator flap was recently described but its use is still uncommon.

Case report

An 88-year-old Causasian woman presented with a large, ulcerated, left prescapular cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (T3N0M0). Complete excision was performed, and the resulting defect was reconstructed with a dorsal intercostal artery perforator flap based on two perforators. Postoperative recovery was uncomplicated and adjuvant radiotherapy commenced 10 weeks later.

Conclusion

Compared to conventional muscle flaps, the dorsal intercostal artery perforator flap offers greater protection of muscle function, is less invasive, and lowers donor site morbidity. Based on these advantages, this flap should be considered a useful local option for reconstructing large cutaneous defects of the upper back.
Look granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) straight in the face: missed opportunities leading to a delayed diagnosis
Authors: Rolle N. , Muruganandam M. , Jan I. , Harji F. M. , Harrington J. , Konstantinov K. N.
Published: September 2019

Granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a systemic vasculitis with a potential to involve any organ system. It remains an important cause of kidney related morbidity and mortality. Early diagnosis can be difficult and requires high index of suspicion in all patients, but especially in cases with atypical presentation. We report a case with GPA, which was diagnosed only after new and advancing symptoms belied the original diagnosis of bilateral facial palsy and aortic mural thrombus.
Feed nutritional value of brewers’ spent grain residue resulting from protease aided protein removal
Authors: Shen Yizhao , Abeynayake Ranithri , Sun Xin , Ran Tao , Li Jianguo , Chen Lingyun , Yang Wenzhu
Published: September 2019

Background

This study was conducted to evaluate the feed nutritional value of brewers’ spent grain (BSG) residue resulting from protease aided protein removal. The nutritional value was measured as nutrient content, gas production, nutrient digestibility and fermentation characteristics in batch culture.

Results

Protein extraction process decreased content of crude protein but concentrated the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and ferulic acid in BSG residue. The changes in the chemical composition of BSG residue varied with enzyme and enzyme dosage. Digestibility of dry matter (DMD) and NDF of residue differed among proteases. Increasing alcalase dosage linearly decreased DMD, whereas, the DMD linearly increased as everlase or flavourzyme dosage increased. Compared with BSG, the DMD, gas production and fermentation acid concentration of BSG residues were lower, whereas NDF digestibility was higher.

Conclusions

The substantially increased NDF content and improved in vitro NDF digestibility due to protease hydrolysis suggest that BSG residue can be potentially exploited as a viable fibre source for ruminant feeding.
Perceptions and trends in the use of community pharmacies in Ghana
Authors: Okai Grace Adjei , Abekah-Nkrumah Gordon , Asuming Patrick Opoku
Published: September 2019

Objective

To examine the patterns in utilization of community pharmacies and perceptions of the general public towards community pharmacists’ role in health services delivery.

Method

A cross-sectional household survey was conducted in Ga West district. A total of 497 adults (18 years and above) were chosen using a three-stage cluster random sampling technique. information on respondents’ contact with community pharmacies (i.e. 12 months prior to the study), reasons for visiting the pharmacies, factors influencing the choice of a particular pharmacy and perception towards community pharmacists’ roles were collected. Data collected were analyzed using stata version 14.

Key findings

Out of the 497 respondents, 415 indicated that they had used pharmacies within the last 12 months prior to the study, while 82 indicated that they had not used the facilities within the same time frame. majority of the pharmacy users (33.7%) visited community pharmacies once a month. Approximately 84% of the pharmacy users frequently visited community pharmacies to get treatment for minor ailments. most users (about 75%) chose to visit a particular pharmacy as it was close to their home/workplace/hospital/clinic. More than half of the pharmacy users identified the pharmacist as the first point of contact in case of any drug-related problem. Less than half of the respondents (44.9%) perceived community pharmacists as health professionals with a good balance between health and business matters.

Conclusion

The findings of the study suggest that beside the fact that majority of the respondents believe that community pharmacists are responsive, friendlier and have the capacity to handle minor ailments, they are indeed using community pharmacies for the treatment of minor ailments. It will therefore be important to develop appropriate policy and regulations that enables community pharmacies to adequately participate in the delivery of primary care and thereby improve population health.
Cell-culture growth conditions resulting in the oxidation of a recombinant antigen-binding fragment
Authors: Siddiquee Khandaker , Zhao Cheng , Stemler Michelle A. , Zeck Bill , Fishpaugh Jeffrey R. , Allen Steven P.
Published: September 2019

Use of Quality-by-Design (QbD) tools is becoming an important part of the bioprocessing industry when developing a process for manufacturing operations to ensure the robustness and reproducibility of the biologic product. In the present study, a QbD tool, Design of Experiments (DOE), was utilized to optimize a bioprocess for the production of a CHO recombinant antigen-binding fragment (rFab) in small-scale bioreactors. DOE studies evaluated percent dissolved oxygen, temperature, and feeding strategy specific to this Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) clone. It was determined that these factors influenced cell viability, yield of the recombinant protein, and metabolic byproduct formation. To ensure the quality of the target molecule in the cell-culture process, small-scale purifications and analytical evaluation of the target molecule were completed prior to cell-culture scale-up to ensure that oxidation of the rFab, presence of free light chain, and truncation of thiol group were not observed. Analysis of the purified rFab by mass spectrometry indicated that rFab oxidation occurred under poor cell-culture conditions. PCR profile array results also revealed increased transcription of the oxidative genes Superoxide Dismutase 3, Myeloperoxidase, Dual Oxidase Like 2, Nuclear Receptor Coactivator 7, NADPH Oxidase Organizer 1, Mitochondria Uncouple Protein 3, Eosinophil Peroxidase, Lactoperoxidase Like, Serum Albumin Like, and GlutathioneS-Transferase Pi 1 in this CHO strain. The present study suggests a mechanism and pathway for the oxidation of an rFab molecule during cell-culture bioprocess optimization. The present study also demonstrated the importance of utilizing the QbD tool of DOE to optimize the cell-culture bioprocess prior to scaling up into the large-scale production bioreactor.
Isomerization of glucose into fructose with homogenous amine-type base catalysts: amine structure, chain length, and kinetics
Authors: Zhang Libo , Deng Bailian , Li Nan , Zhong Hong
Published: September 2019

Three homogeneous organosilanes amine and aliphatic primary amine were used as amine catalysts to evaluate their catalytic activity and kinetic towards glucose isomerization. Catalysts structure (primary, secondary, tertiary amine), terminal groups and alkyl chain length were investigated and compared elaborately. Result showed organosilanes tertiary amine behaved the best and amine generated OH− and amine itself contributed the isomerization reaction. The generated acidic by-product not only decreased fructose selectivity but also affected glucose conversion kinetic. The effect of siloxane (–Si–O–CH3) substituent with methyl (–CH3) can be insignificant, but it provided guiding significance for selecting amine-type homogeneous or grafted amine catalysts for glucose isomerization reaction. Longer alkyl chain resulted in lower glucose conversion because of the alkyl chain curls that would weaken the amine catalytic effect and hydration ability. Catalyst loading and initial glucose concentration investigations further showed that amine would effectively catalyze the isomerization reaction under varied operational conditions. This work will provide more details about organic amine catalysts on glucose isomerization into fructose and promote synthesis of platform chemicals in the applications of biorenewable chemicals and fuel.
3D-bioprinted tracheal reconstruction: an overview
Authors: Frejo Lidia , Grande Daniel A.
Published: September 2019

Congenital tracheomalacia and tracheal stenosis are commonly seen in premature infants. In adulthood, are typically related with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and can occur secondarily from tracheostomy, prolong intubation, trauma, infection and tumors. Both conditions are life-threatening when not managed properly. There are still some surgical limitations for certain pathologies, however tissue engineering is a promising approach to treat massive airway dysfunctions. 3D-bioprinting have contributed to current preclinical and clinical efforts in airway reconstruction. Several strategies have been used to overcome the difficulty of airway reconstruction such as scaffold materials, construct designs, cellular types, biologic components, hydrogels and animal models used in tracheal reconstruction. Nevertheless, additional long-term in vivo studies need to be performed to assess the efficacy and safety of tissue-engineered tracheal grafts in terms of mechanical properties, behavior and, the possibility of further stenosis development.
Smoking and the risk for bipolar disorder: evidence from a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation study
Authors: Vermeulen Jentien M. , Wootton Robyn E. , Treur Jorien L. , Sallis Hannah M. , Jones Hannah J. , Zammit Stanley , van den Brink Wim , Goodwin Guy M. , de Haan Lieuwe , Munafò Marcus R.
Published: September 2019

Background

There is increasing evidence that smoking is a risk factor for severe mental illness, including bipolar disorder. Conversely, patients with bipolar disorder might smoke more (often) as a result of the psychiatric disorder.

Aims

We conducted a bidirectional Mendelian randomisation (MR) study to investigate the direction and evidence for a causal nature of the relationship between smoking and bipolar disorder.

Method

We used publicly available summary statistics from genome-wide association studies on bipolar disorder, smoking initiation, smoking heaviness, smoking cessation and lifetime smoking (i.e. a compound measure of heaviness, duration and cessation). We applied analytical methods with different, orthogonal assumptions to triangulate results, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, MR-Egger SIMEX, weighted-median, weighted-mode and Steiger-filtered analyses.

Results

Across different methods of MR, consistent evidence was found for a positive effect of smoking on the odds of bipolar disorder (smoking initiation ORIVW = 1.46, 95% CI 1.28–1.66, P = 1.44 × 10−8, lifetime smoking ORIVW = 1.72, 95% CI 1.29–2.28, P = 1.8 × 10−4). The MR analyses of the effect of liability to bipolar disorder on smoking provided no clear evidence of a strong causal effect (smoking heaviness betaIVW = 0.028, 95% CI 0.003–0.053, P = 2.9 × 10−2).

Conclusions

These findings suggest that smoking initiation and lifetime smoking are likely to be a causal risk factor for developing bipolar disorder. We found some evidence that liability to bipolar disorder increased smoking heaviness. Given that smoking is a modifiable risk factor, these findings further support investment into smoking prevention and treatment in order to reduce mental health problems in future generations.
Contribution of Inherited DNA-Repair Gene Mutations to Hormone-Sensitive and Castrate-Resistant Metastatic Prostate Cancer and Implications for Clinical Outcome
Authors: Yadav Siddhartha , Hart Steven N. , Hu Chunling , Hillman David , Lee Kun Y. , Gnanaolivu Rohan , Na Jie , Polley Eric C. , Couch Fergus J. , Kohli Manish
Published: September 2019

PURPOSE

To compare the prevalence of germline mutations in metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (mHSPC) and metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) and assess the impact of mutations on progression to castration resistance and overall survival.

METHODS

Targeted sequencing of germline DNA from 704 men (221 at the time of mHSPC and 483 at the time of mCRPC) enrolled in two advanced prostate cancer registries at Mayo Clinic between 2003 and 2013 was performed for 21 predisposition genes. Frequencies of pathogenic mutations were compared in patients and reference controls to identify genes enriched in metastatic prostate cancer. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression was used to identify predictors of progression to mCRPC and overall survival.

RESULTS

Sixty-eight germline mutations in 12 genes were identified in 66 men (9.4%). Mutations in ATM, BRCA2, CHEK2, FANCM, and TP53 were significantly enriched (odds ratio greater than 2.0) in the metastatic cohorts compared with reference controls. The frequency of germline mutations was similar for patients with mHSPC and mCRPC (11.8% v 8.3%; P = .16). The median time to progression from mHSPC to mCRPC was 23.1 and 32.5 months for patients with and without mutations, respectively ( P = .96). Although older age at diagnosis, Gleason score greater than 7, elevated alkaline phosphatase level, and high volume of disease were associated with shorter duration of progression to mCRPC and poor overall survival, mutation status was not (progression to mCRPC hazard ratio, 0.81; 95% CI, 0.61 to 1.09; P = .17; overall survival hazard ratio, 1.00; 95% CI, 0.75 to 1.34; P = .98).

CONCLUSION

Similarly elevated rates of germline predisposition gene mutations in mHSPC and mCRPC suggest that germline genetic testing may help to guide medical management for all patients with advanced metastatic prostate cancer. Mutation status was not associated with shorter progression to mCRPC or poor overall survival.
Type I Diabetes is the Main Cost Driver in Autoimmune Polyendocrinopathy
Authors: Radermacher Lena-Katharina , Ponto Katharina , Merkesdal Sonja , Pomart Vanessa , Frommer Lara , Pfeiffer Norbert , König J , Kahaly George J
Published: September 2019

Context

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy (AP), a chronic complex orphan disease, encompasses at least two autoimmune-induced endocrine diseases.

Objective

To estimate for the first time total, indirect and direct costs for patients with AP, as well as cost drivers.

Design

Cross-sectional cost of illness study.

Setting

Academic tertiary referral center for AP.

Patients

146 consecutive, unselected AP patients.

Intervention

Interviews pertaining to patients’ socioeconomic situation covered a recall period of 12 months. Both the human capital (HCA) and the friction cost approaches (FCAs) were applied as estimation methods.

Main outcome measures

Direct and indirect annual costs, and sick leave and medication costs.

Results

AP markedly impacts healthcare expenses. Mean overall costs of AP in Germany ranged from €5 971 090 to €29 848 187 per year (HCA). Mean indirect costs ranged from €3 388 284 to €16 937 298 per year (HCA) while mean direct costs ranged from €2 582 247 to €12 908 095/year. Mean direct costs per year were €1851 in AP patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D, 76%) and €671 without T1D, which amounts to additional direct costs of €1209 for T1D when adjusting for concomitant autoimmune disease (95% CI = €1026–1393, P < 0.0001). Sick leave cost estimates for AP patients with T1D exceeded those without T1D by 70% (FCA) and 43% (HCA), respectively. In multiple regression analyses, T1D predicted total and direct costs, medication costs and costs for diabetic devices (all P < 0.001). Overall, AP patients with T1D were 54% (FCA) more expensive than those without T1D.

Conclusions

Public health socioeconomic relevance of AP was demonstrated, with T1D as main cost driver.
Preeclampsia Is Associated With Increased Preclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in Women With Type 1 Diabetes
Authors: Amor Antonio J , Vinagre Irene , Valverde Maite , Pané Adriana , Urquizu Xavier , Meler Eva , López Eva , Quirós Carmen , Giménez Marga , Codina Laura , Conget Ignacio , Barahona Maria J , Perea Verónica
Published: September 2019

Purpose

Although preeclampsia (PE) is a well-established cardiovascular risk factor (CVRF) in the general population, its role in type 1 diabetes (T1D) has been scarcely studied. We assessed the association between PE and preclinical atherosclerosis in T1D.

Methods

We recruited 112 women without cardiovascular disease and last pregnancy ≥5 years before: (1) T1D and previous PE (T1D+/PE+; n = 28); (2) T1D without preeclampsia (T1D+/PE–; n = 28); (3) previous PE without T1D (T1D–/PE+; n = 28); and (4) controls (without T1D or PE; T1D–/PE–; n = 28). Groups were matched by age, several CVRFs, and diabetes duration and retinopathy (in T1D participants). Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) and the presence of plaque (IMT ≥ 1.5 mm) were assessed by standardized ultrasonography protocol.

Results

Mean age of the participants was 44.9 ± 7.8 years (14.3% hypertension and 21.4% active smokers). Groups including T1D (T1D+/PE+ and T1D+/PE–) more frequently presented hypertension and statin treatment (23.2% vs 5.4% and 37.5% vs 8.9%; respectively; P < 0.01), without differences in other CVRFs. Carotid plaques were observed in 20.5%. In multivariate models adjusted for age, CVRF, and statins, both T1D and PE showed a similar impact on the presence of plaque, with odds ratios (95% confidence interval), 5.45 (1.36–21.9) and 4.24 (1.04–17.3), respectively. Both entities showed an additive effect when combined, both in common carotid-IMT (T1D+/PE– or T1D–/PE+, β = 0.198; T1D+/PE+, β = 0.297) and in the presence of plaque (8.53 [1.07–68.2] and 28.1 [2.67–296.4], respectively).

Conclusions

Previous PE was independently associated with preclinical atherosclerosis in T1D. Further studies are needed to ascertain its usefulness for stratifying risk in T1D women.
The Flighty Coquette Sings on Easter Sunday
Authors: Pesic Andrei
Published: September 2019

French colonists in Saint-Domingue brought a variety of entertainments from the metropole to the island's theaters during the later eighteenth century. This included the Parisian Concert Spirituel, which replaced theatrical entertainments with performances of religious and instrumental music during religious holidays. Yet these concerts never caught on in earnest and began to diverge significantly from the metropolitan institution: the Easter concert in Port-au-Prince entirely composed of opera arias would have been unthinkable in the metropole. Linking developments in the colony's entertainments with the understudied subject of religious practices among France's Caribbean colonists, this article argues that strong market pressures overrode weaker religious constraints in Saint-Domingue, making opera arias acceptable for Eastertide. It presents a new fine-grained approach for studying how cultural practices are transformed when traveling within an empire, with implications beyond the history of the arts.

Les colons français ont importé une grande variété de divertissements de la métropole à Saint-Domingue durant la deuxième moitié du dix-huitième siècle. Le Concert spirituel de Paris, qui remplaçait les spectacles profanes pendant les fêtes religieuses, a été l'une de ces institutions. Néanmoins ces concerts n'ont jamais entièrement pris dans le contexte colonial et ont peu à peu divergé de leurs homologues métropolitains : un concert de Pâques à Port-au-Prince entièrement constitué d'airs d'opéra aurait été inimaginable dans l'Hexagone à cette époque. Liant l'histoire des divertissements coloniaux et le sujet peu étudié des pratiques religieuses des colons, cet article développe l'idée que de fortes pressions commerciales ont primé sur de faibles contraintes religieuses à Saint-Domingue, rendant des airs d'opéra acceptables au moment des fêtes de Pâques. L'analyse souligne la façon dont les pratiques culturelles évoluent lorsqu'elles voyagent au sein d'un empire colonial, tirant des implications qui vont au-delà de l'histoire des arts.
Effect of Cuff Pressure on Blood Flow during Blood Flow–restricted Rest and Exercise
Authors: CROSSLEY KENT W. , PORTER DORAN A. , ELLSWORTH JOSHUA , CALDWELL TABITHA , FELAND J. BRENT , MITCHELL ULRIKE , JOHNSON A. WAYNE , EGGET DENNIS , GIFFORD JAYSON R.
Published: September 2019

Purpose

This study investigated the relationship between blood flow restriction (BFR) cuff pressure and blood flow at rest and during exercise, with the aim of determining if lower cuff pressures will provide an ischemic stimulus comparable to higher pressures.

Methods

The relationship between blood flow and cuff pressure at rest was determined by measuring blood flow (Doppler Ultrasound) through the superficial femoral artery (SFA) in 23 adults across a range of pressures (0%–100% Arterial Occlusion Pressure at rest [rAOP]). The interplay between cuff pressure, blood flow and exercise was assessed by determining AOP at rest and during plantar flexion exercise (eAOP) and subsequently measuring the blood flow response to plantar flexion exercise with BFR cuff pressure set to either 40% rAOP or 40% eAOP.

Results

At rest, a nonlinear relationship between cuff pressure and blood flow through the SFA exhibited a plateau at moderate pressures, with nonsignificant differences in blood flow (~9%, P = 1.0) appearing between pressures ranging from 40% to 80% rAOP. While eAOP was greater than rAOP (229 ± 1.5 mm Hg vs 202 ± 1.5 mm Hg, P < 0.01), blood flow during plantar flexion exercise did not significantly differ (P = 0.49) when applying 40% rAOP or 40% eAOP.

Conclusions

Blood flow through the SFA exhibits a nonlinear relationship with cuff pressure, such that cuff pressures in the range of 40% to 80% rAOP reduce blood flow to approximately the same degree. The BFR interventions opting for lower (e.g., 40% AOP), more comfortable pressures will likely provide an ischemic stimulus comparable to that of higher (80% AOP), less-comfortable pressures.
Accessible metrics of access: Novel tools to measure immunization coverage in rural sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Boyce Ross M. , Delamater Paul , Muhindo Rabbison , Matte Michael , Ntaro Moses , Verity Robert , Mulogo Edgar
Published: September 2019

Immunization rates in most sub-Saharan African countries fall far below stated targets. Measuring access in resource-limited settings, however, is challenging, especially with the data available at the district level, which is the primary administrative division for most immunization programs. Despite calls to improve routine data collection and use, there remains a lack of structured methods and practical tools to target underserved populations. Herein, we describe a prospective study that aims to develop, pilot, and validate a set of user-friendly tools to identify geographic areas with limited access to immunization services and by extension, low immunization coverage. The approach will leverage routinely-collected data from public health facilities combined with novel methods of household mapping to perform spatial analyses using open-access platforms. In addition, we will triangulate the analyses across datasets representing common reasons for care seeking – namely, visits for vaccination, antenatal care, and malaria – to improve the accuracy of our estimates. The ultimate goal of this project is to equip front-line providers and district level program managers with novel tools that facilitate timely and accurate analysis of routinely-collected data to guide immunization efforts.
B.1. A CROW ON A BARE BRANCH: a comparison of Matsuo Bashô's haiku "Kare-eda-ni..." and its English translations
Authors: Sütiste Elin
Published: September 2019

This paper deals with Matsuo Bashô's haiku "Kare-eda-ni..." and its 32 English translations, concentrating on the interference of the original haiku's features with the poetic standards of the target culture (for example, characteristics like title, number of syllables and lines, seasonal word kigo, cutting word kireji, imagery etc.). In this respect, certain translational tendencies can be observed to exist, both on the level of the whole text (e.g., an overall adherence to the original text or to the "domestic" standards) and on the local level (for instance, it is customary to translate a haiku into the form of three lines, but the exact number of syllables is not considered to be of primary importance). In sum, this work is an attempt to offer a relatively wide-scope overview of translational possibilities that have been applied to the rendering of this haiku into English.
A.1. Zum Rhythmus der homerischen Verse
Authors: Steinrück Martin
Published: September 2019

Dass der griechische epische Vers "ursprünglich" keinen Metrumsrhythmus, sondern einen Kolonrhythmus hatte, wird von den Metrikern kaum bestritten; zu deutlich sind die Spuren dieser Kola und zu gross die Schwierigkeiten späterer Metriker, ihre Metrumspraxis theoretisch auf den ererbten Vers anzuwenden. Die Frage ist vielmehr, "wann" (vor oder nach Homer?) der epische Vers zum "Sechsmass" umrhythmisiert wurde. Aus der Verwendung der Zäsur in Epos und Elegie werden zwei Argumente entwickelt, welche die Hypothese einer langen Übergangszeit mit wichtigen Impulsen aus der Elegie des 6. Jh. v.u.Z. stützen sollen. Dass Homers Verse wirklich "Hexameter" im Sinne Herodots waren, wird damit in Zweifel gezogen.
B.3. The Platonic sage in love
Authors: Dillon John
Published: September 2019

This article explores the nature of the erotic impulse set forth in Diotima's speech in Plato's Symposium, and in the myth of the Phaedrus, with a view to deciding how far Plato intends it to be a purely selfish process. After all, in the 'ladder of ascent' to the Beautiful Itself in Symp. 210-12, the individual beloved seems to be left behind, and even disdained, and Plato has been criticised for this, by such authorities as Gregory Vlastos. I argue that this cannot really have been Plato's intention, and adduce the later Platonist discussion about the proper form that a philosophic love-affair should take.
A.2. Kaipias. Ein Beiname für Augustus
Authors: Ryan Francis X.
Published: September 2019

The cognomen, mentioned only by Dio, which purports to be the original cognomen of the future emperor Augustus, apparently was not correctly transmitted and continues to puzzle scholars. This seems however to be a case in which knowledge of the numismatic sources helps solve a problem in a literary source, or rather, a case in which a familiarity on the part of ancient writers with still circulating coins deformed the literary tradition.
A.6. Secondary responses to fear and grief in Gregory of Tours' Libri historiarum
Authors: Newbold Ron F.
Published: September 2019

Bodies of evidence drawn from the occurrence of Latin words for fear and grief in Gregory's history form the basis for this study. Although the causes of these emotions and their distribution across social status are noted, discussion centres on the secondary, more cognitive and considered manifestations of fear and grief, rather than, for example, initial trembling and wailing. Secondary responses to fear may display avoidance and flight from the threat, attempts to placate and conciliate, taking extra precautions, and counter-phobically using aggression to overcome fear and turn the tables on the threat. Secondary responses to grief and sorrow may manifest in funeral rites, consolation, violence against others and the self. Grief at the sorrow and suffering of others can lead to intervention, petition and prayer. Prostration and tears typically reinforce supplication and petition. Grief at one's own sins evokes displays of penance and pious works, as well as prayer and prostration. Gregory commends placatory and penitential responses to fear and grief. These tend to be more successful. They are also one of the chief marks of pious, Christian humility.
A.4. Cicero sententiam rogatus tandem ad relationes redit (Cic. Phil. 7.27)
Authors: Ryan Francis X.
Published: September 2019

The very last sentence in Cicero's Seventh Philippic has been faultily transmitted, probably not miswritten through mere inattention, but misread by a copyist who was expecting something else, or even miscorrected by a proofreader or reader unmindful of the opening of the speech.
A.2. Crowning Marsyas: the symbolism involved in the exile of Julia
Authors: Sanderson Bianca , Keegan Peter
Published: September 2019

﻿﻿In addition to the widely reported adultery committed by Julia prior to her banishment, Pliny records that Julia was seen to place a corona on the statue of Marsyas. While the accusations of adultery have been considered in regard to Augustus’ so‐called morality laws, or as the smokescreen for a conspiracy, the Marsyas incident has been neglected. However, the symbolism of the various traditions regarding Marsyas indicate that Julia was sending her father a powerful public message which was a factor in his decision to remove her from the city.
Bacterial agents isolated from cultured marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus, Pallas 1771)
Authors: Dökenel Gülşah , Özer Selmin
Published: September 2019

Marsh frogs (Pelophylax ridibundus) are preferred in European cuisine. In recent years, interest in farming of marsh frogs has increased, but little is known about their bacterial diseases. This research was carried out in a marsh frog farming operation in Mersin, Turkey, in order to determine the bacterial diversity. For this purpose, a total of 339 frog, 30 water, and 8 feed samples were collected. Isolation and identification of bacteria were carried out by conventional techniques and the VITEK-2 compact system. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. A total of 239 isolates of 49 different species, including 31 Gram negative rod-shaped bacteria, 9 Gram positive rod-shaped sporeforming bacteria, and 9 Gram positive cocci-shaped non-sporeforming bacteria have been identified. These bacteria species were detected from 25 (83.3%) water, 5 (62.5%) feed samples, and 64 (84.2%) of 76 frog specimens. Antimicrobial susceptibility and MAR index values ranged between 1.4-95.8% and 0.13-0.73, respectively. In conclusion, the presence of opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in water, feed and frog specimens, which could pose risk for frogs and human health, have been detected in the marsh frog farm in Mersin. This study reveals, that further investigations are necessary for sustainable marsh frog breeding in Turkey.
Barotrauma treatment performance of fish release devices and its effects on fishing operations
Authors: Demirci Aydın , Bayraktar Ozan
Published: September 2019

The aim of this study is to analyze the barotrauma treatment performance of different fish release devices and its effects on different fishing operations. Experiments were carried out between September 2017 and April 2018 in the Iskenderun Bay, located in the Eastern Mediterranean. Fishing Release Hook (FRH), Fish Release Clamp (FRC) and Fish Release Basket (FRB) were tested in three different fishing activities, which are longline, hand line and bottom trawl fishery, respectively for Epinephelus aeneus, Epinephelus costae and Nemipterus randalli. They were released into the sea after fishing operations. Study results showed that fish release devices were very effective for barotrauma treatment. The use of FRB is suitable for bottom trawl fishing, while the use of FRH and FRC is more ergonomic in longline and hand line fishery.
Implementing Pediatric Asthma Pathways in Community Hospitals: A National Qualitative Study
Authors: McDaniel Corrie E , Jeske Melanie , Sampayo Esther M , Liu Peony , Walls Theresa A , Kaiser Sunitha V
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND

Pathways can improve the quality of care and outcomes for children with asthma; however, we know little about how to successfully implement pathways across diverse hospital settings. Prior studies of pathways have focused on determining clinical effectiveness and the majority were conducted in children's hospitals. These approaches have left crucial gaps in our understanding of how to successfully implement pathways in community hospitals, where most of the children with asthma are treated nationally.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to identify the key determinants of successful pediatric asthma pathway implementation in community hospitals.

METHODS

We conducted a qualitative study of healthcare providers that served as project leaders in a national collaborative to improve pediatric asthma care. Data were collected by recording semi‐structured discussions between project leaders and external facilitators (EF) from December 2017 to April 2018. Using inductive thematic analysis, we identified the themes that describe the key determinants of pathway implementation.

RESULTS

Project leaders (n = 32) from 18 hospitals participated in this study. The key determinants of pathway implementation in community hospitals included (1) building an implementation infrastructure (eg, forming a team of local champions, modifying clinical workflows, delivering education/skills training), (2) engaging and motivating providers (eg, obtaining project buy‐in, facilitating multidisciplinary collaboration, handling conflict), (3) addressing organizational and resource limitations (eg, support for electronic medical record integration), and (4) devising implementation solutions with EFs (eg, potential workflow modifications).

CONCLUSIONS

Our identification of the key determinants of pathway implementation may help guide pediatric quality improvement efforts in community hospitals. EFs may play an important role in successfully implementing pathways in community settings.
Dynamic Electricity Pricing to Smart Homes
Authors: Adelman Daniel , Uçkun Canan
Published: September 2019

For the first time in the history of the power industry, because of smart meters, we now have the technology deployed to charge real-time prices for electricity to large populations of consumers. At the same time, homes are becoming smarter with appliances that can autonomously respond to their environment and optimize their performance. Imagining a world in which smart appliances anticipate future changes in electricity prices, in “Dynamic Electricity Pricing to Smart Homes” Adelman and Uçkun develop an approach to evaluating market price–load equilibria when such smart appliances saturate a power utility’s service region on a large scale. Their findings indicate substantial improvements in social welfare as compared with the current status quo of flat prices or popular peak-pricing policies.
Universidade pública e contrarrevolução: da “travessia de uma ponte” ao “caminho da prosperidade”
Authors: Lima Kátia
Published: September 2019

O texto tem como objetivo apresentar um conjunto de reflexões teóricas sobre o fim do governo de coalizão de classes e a ascensão da extrema direita no Brasil, problematizando como as alterações na configuração histórica e espacial da luta de classes incidem na política de educação superior. Recuperando o profícuo instrumental analítico de Florestan Fernandes, consideramos que está em curso uma nova fase da contrarrevolução burguesa preventiva, que, marcada pela natureza antissocial e violenta da burguesia brasileira articulada ao imperialismo, conduz o aprofundamento da mercantilização da universidade pública e da ofensiva reacionária na educação. Tal aprofundamento indica a tarefa urgente e necessária de defesa da educação pública, lócus privilegiado da produção crítica e criativa do conhecimento. Palavras-Chave: contrarrevolução burguesa; formação social brasileira; educação superior pública.
Família, conservadorismo e políticas sociais no Brasil: questões para reflexão
Authors: Souza Ilka De Lima , De Lima Rita De Lourdes
Published: September 2019

Neste artigo visamos discutir o familismo nas políticas sociais brasileiras na cena contemporânea. A partir de uma revisão bibliográfica, apresentamos, inicialmente, aspectos da formação sócio-histórica brasileira e suas implicações na configuração da família. Para isso, discutimos as principais características de nossa formação: conservadora, patriarcal, paternalista e patrimonialista. Em seguida, analisamos como o familismo, presente no campo das políticas sociais no Brasil, ao mesmo tempo em que, de um lado, se respalda em um discurso de acesso aos direitos, de outro, reforça a sobrecarga das famílias, sobretudo das mulheres, que são responsabilizadas socialmente pelas tarefas domésticas e pelo cuidado com os membros da família. Concluimos ressaltando a necessidade de a sociedade humana avançar na defesa e na busca de valores emancipatórios, por meio da construção de uma nova sociedade. Nesse sentido, precisamos problematizar o familismo nas políticas sociais, desmistificando os limites intrínsecos de uma análise que a desconecta da genericidade humana. Palavras-Chave: família; políticas sociais; formação sócio-histórica brasileira; conservadorismo.
Craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia: A case report
Authors: Forbes-Haley Claire , Najran Anna , Nandra Sukbir , Bhola Surina
Published: September 2019

Fibrous dysplasia is a bone disorder whereby normal medullary bone is replaced by fibrous tissue. Many sites may be affected, including the craniofacial skeleton. A 33-year-old female presented at the Bristol Dental Hospital in 2007 complaining of a prominent and expanding lower jaw as well as poor aesthetics. She was diagnosed with craniofacial polyostotic fibrous dysplasia. In order to manage her concerns and the ongoing growth of the polyostotic lesions, a combined maxillofacial and restorative approach was utilized. After ten years of ongoing management and care, including surgery and dental rehabilitation, her primary concerns have been addressed.

CPD/Clinical Relevance: The clinician should be able to understand the clinical and radiographic appearance of craniofacial fibrous dysplasia, how the condition can impact a patient and the complex management that may be involved.
METFORMIN
Authors: Rees Sharon
Published: September 2019

In this column, Sharon Rees aims to refresh knowledge and interest in some of the commonly used drugs in a series of tweets. This month she is talking about #metformin