bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Spatial reasoning in context: bridging cognitive and educational perspectives of spatial-mathematics relations
Authors: Harris Danielle
Published: December 2023

Spatial reasoning is ingrained in daily life, such as when locating our keys or parking our car. At a broad level, spatial reasoning describes the ability to mentally represent and transform objects and their relations. Spatial reasoning is comprised of distinct, yet related, spatial skills, most of which have strong links with mathematics achievement. Subsequently, understanding the ways spatial reasoning connects with mathematics has the potential to support achievement in school. However, current research practices have failed to translate into practical outcomes for students. To date, research has often focused on decontextualized spatial skills, measured by psychometric tests, to generalize about broader models of spatial reasoning. However, spatial reasoning goes beyond test performance. In this theoretical review, I have sought to find the points of connection between the fields of cognitive psychology, often based in the lab, and mathematics education, situated within classrooms, and discussed ways to connect this currently siloed work for greater impact on classroom practice. The paper addresses the emergence of spatial research from its historical roots in intelligence testing and the influence these conceptualizations have had on contemporary methodologies. It goes on to discuss how these research traditions may be limiting our ability to understand the mechanisms linking spatial reasoning and mathematics. The paper argues for a broader view of research problems and methodologies in spatial cognition research to facilitate the translation of research to meaningful contexts in pedagogy and learning.
Henry Hub monthly natural gas price forecasting using CEEMDAN–Bagging–HHO–SVR
Authors: Duan Yonghui , Zhang Jianhui , Wang Xiang
Published: December 2023

As a clean fossil energy source, natural gas plays a crucial role in the global energy transition. Forecasting natural gas prices is an important area of research. This paper aims at developing a novel hybrid model that contributes to the prediction of natural gas prices. We develop a novel hybrid model that combines the “Decomposition Algorithm” (CEEMDAN), “Ensemble Algorithm” (Bagging), “Optimization Algorithm” (HHO), and “Forecasting model” (SVR). The hybrid model is used for monthly Henry Hub natural gas forecasting. To avoid the problem of data leakage caused by decomposing the whole time series, we propose a rolling decomposition algorithm. In addition, we analyzed the factors affecting Henry Hub natural gas prices for multivariate forecasting. Experimental results indicate that the proposed model is more effective than the traditional model at predicting natural gas prices.
Control strategies for active distribution networks based on soft open point
Authors: Jia Chunhe , Chen Xiangyu , Yan Chao , Li Zhengjun , Wang Chunguang , Li Haolin , Zhang Song , Huang Botao
Published: December 2023

The application of SOP instead of traditional tie line switches in distribution networks can im-prove the controllability, flexibility, and renewable energy accommodation of the distribution grids. Compared with traditional tie line switches, SOP have high costs and large land occupation. When power transfer is not considered, the location and capacity of SOP can be optimized through planning algorithms to reduce the overall costs. However, the main function of tie line switches is power transfer. If SOP as alternative devices do not meet this requirement, their ex-tensive application will be restricted. Therefore, this paper designs the direct current volt-age-power smooth switching control strategy, phase angle pre-synchronization control strategy, and voltage support control strategy based on the parallel structure of SOP and tie line switches to ensure stable operation during the power transfer process, through this complete control strategy, smooth switching can be achieved to keep the DC voltage stable during the switching process, effectively suppress the impulse current and maximize the utilization of SOP capacity Simulations on the SIMULINK plat-form verify the feasibility of the control strategies.
Evolving environmental awareness and shifts in management priorities: a socioeconomic lens on the min river basin, China
Authors: Zeng Daile , Chen Boya , Wang Jingxin , Innes John L. , Lu Juliet , Guo Futao , Yan Yancun , Wang Guangyu
Published: December 2023

Watersheds have experienced economic and demographic development for decades. In China, this development has been associated with environmental degradation, including water quality deterioration, abnormal stream flow, and biotic resource depletion. Effective watershed management incorporates sustainability and public involvement, enabling the long-term security of the human and natural world. Management strategies however need to take into account local conditions, as every watershed is unique. This paper adopts the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) combined with the random forest model to investigate the shift in participants’ environmental awareness across different socioeconomic groups over the past 15 years. Additionally, it scrutinizes the changing public perceptions on the management priorities and areas requiring enhancement. The AHP index highlighted the importance of environmental behavioral intentions (EBI) as a component of environmental awareness (EA). Between 2006 and 2021, significant changes occurred in public environmental awareness (perception, knowledge, behavioral intention) and perceived management priorities, stressing the need for timely adjustment of management policies. Notably, environmental concern (EC) appears to have decreased over time, reflecting effective management and increased governmental attention. Emphasis on the recreational ecosystem services offered by watershed forests has increased. Males, individuals aged over 40-years-old, and individuals located in the upper reaches possessed higher risk perceptions than other groups. These findings may help policymakers to adjust management priorities based on geographic region and may assist them in promoting more effective measures to communicate watershed sustainable management goals and strategies to the public.
Complement C1q and von Willebrand factor interaction in atherosclerosis of human carotid artery
Authors: Schulz Kristina , Donat Claudia , Punjabi Mukesh , Glatz Katharina , Kaufmann Beat , Trendelenburg Marten
Published: December 2023

Atherosclerosis is an inflammatory disease of the vessel wall, with cholesterol crystal (CC) deposition being a hallmark of the disease. As evidence for a cross-talk between complement activation and hemostasis on CC surfaces has been limited to in vitro data, the aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of C1q-vWF complexes in human atherosclerosis ex vivo. We used immunofluorescence staining and a proximity ligation assay (PLA, Duolink®) to examine the presence, localization, and co-localization of C1q and vWF in frozen sections of human carotid arteries with atherosclerosis or without atherosclerotic changes as well as material from thrombendarteriectomy. We observed significantly higher levels of C1q and vWF in healthy tissue compared to diseased material and greater co-localization in the PLA in healthy samples than in diseased samples. In diseased samples, fluorescence signals were highest in locations encompassing atheroma and foam cells. While there was overall reduced signal in areas with CCs, the staining was spotty, and there was evidence of co-localization on individual CCs. Thus, we demonstrate the presence of C1q-vWF complexes in human carotid arteries ex vivo, which was most abundant in healthy endothelial and subendothelial space and reduced in diseased tissue. C1q-vWF interaction can also be demonstrated on the CC surface.
Advances in research based on antibody-cell conjugation
Authors: Ma Xiaoxuan , Jiang Jian , An Xiaoye , Zu Wanting , Ma Chi , Zhang Zhuo , Lu Yaci , Zhao Lijing , Wang Lisheng
Published: December 2023

Antibody-cell conjugation (ACC) technology is a new research direction in medicine and biotechnology in recent years. The concept of ACC was proposed by Hsiao et al. and developed into a viable cell therapy technology, which refers to the cells with specific functions. Such as natural killer cells (NK cells), cytokine induced killer cells (CIK) and other immune cells and monoclonal antibodies through the linker together formed conjugate. ACC directly modifies specific antibodies on the cell surface through a simple and effective chemical coupling method to enable cells to have new functions. ACC has been developed for the treatment of various diseases, including cancers of the blood system and solid tumors. This paper reviews the current ACC construction methods, challenges and future development directions.
The respiratory microbiota of three cohabiting beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) under human care
Authors: Smith Susan A. , Ropati Destiny V. , Santoferrara Luciana F. , Romano Tracy A. , McManus George B.
Published: December 2023

We sampled the respiratory mucus from voluntary blowhole exhalations (“blow”) of three healthy beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) under professional human care. Blow samples were collected from three resident belugas, one adult male (M1) and two adult females (F1, F2), with voluntary behaviors via non-invasive methods over three days in July 2021 (four days for M1). Samples were weighed and examined microscopically for the enumeration of eukaryotic and prokaryotic microbes, and then were used to evaluate carbon substrate use and taxonomic diversity of prokaryotic communities in the host respiratory sytem. Microscopical observations and 18S rRNA gene sequencing indicated the presence of eukaryotic microbiota, the ciliate genera Planilamina and Kyaroikeus in all three individuals. Exposure of samples to different metabolic carbon substrates indicated significant differences in the number of carbon sources usable by the prokaryotic communities of different whales (range: 11-25 sources), as well as a signficantly decreased diversity of carbon sources used by the community in the habitat water (5 sources). Sequencing of the hypervariable V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene revealed 19 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) that were present in all whale samples. The oldest female D. leucas (F2) had the lowest overall diversity, and was significantly different from M1 and F1 in taxon composition, including an anomalously low ratio of Baccillota: Bacteroidota (0.01) compared to the other whales. In comparisons of microbial community composition, M1 had a significantly higher diversity than F1 and F2. These results suggest that attention should be given to regular microbiome sampling, and indicate a need for the pairing of microbiome and clinical data for animals in aquaria. Overall, these data contribute to the growing database on the core respiratory microbiota in cohabiting cetaceans under professional human care, indicate the utility of non-invasive sampling, and help characterize a baseline for healthy D. leucas.
Mitochondrial DNA copy number in patients with systemic sclerosis
Authors: Bogatyreva Anastasia I. , Gerasimova Elena V. , Kirichenko Tatiana V. , Markina Yuliya V. , Tolstik Taisiya V. , Kiseleva Diana G. , Popkova Tatiana V. , Markin Alexander M.
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Systemic scleroderma (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease of inflammatory origin. Mitochondrial dysfunction is considered as an important mechanism in the pathogenesis of SSc. Currently mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number is used as a surrogate marker of mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies demonstrate that innate immune cells are important participants in inflammatory and fibrotic processes in SSc. The aim of the study was to evaluate the number of mtDNA copies in CD14+ monocytes and whole blood of patients with SSc in comparison with healthy individuals.

Methods: Absolute mtDNA copy number was measured using digital PCR. It was found that the number of mtDNA copies in CD14+ monocytes was significantly higher in patients with SSc compared to control, while the number of mtDNA copies in the whole blood did not have significant differences.

Results: The correlation analysis revealed an inverse association of mtDNA copy number with disease duration and the relationship between pro-inflammatory activation of CD14+ monocytes in terms of LPS-stimulated IL-6 secretion and mtDNA copy number. At the same time, basal and LPS-stimulated secretion of IL-6 by cultured CD+ monocytes were significantly higher in SSc group in comparison with control.

Discussion: The study results suggest that increase of mtDNA copy number in CD14+ monocytes is a possible mechanism to maintain the reduced function of defective mitochondria in monocytes from patients with SSc associated with the development and progression of SSc.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and osteoporosis: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Li Junhong , Ma Cong , Huang Hui , Liao Hui
Published: December 2023

Background

A few observational studies revealed that amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) was tightly connected with osteoporosis. However, the results of previous studies were inconsistent, and the causal effect of ALS on osteoporosis has not been investigated. To do so, the two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) method was employed to estimate the causality.

Methods

The instrumental variables (IVs) for ALS were selected from one GWAS summary dataset (27,205 ALS cases and 110,881 controls), and bone mineral density (BMD) in the femoral neck (FN), lumbar spine (LS), and forearm, extracted from another large-scale GWAS summary database (53,236 cases), were used as phenotypes for osteoporosis. Random-effects inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR Egger, weighted median, simple mode, and weighted mode were conducted to evaluate the causality. Sensitivity analyses were further performed to explore heterogeneity and pleiotropy.

Results

A total of 10 qualified SNPs were finally selected as proxies for ALS. The results of random effects from IVW revealed that ALS has no causal effect on FN-BMD (beta: −0.038, 95% CI: −0.090 to 0.015, SE: 0.027, p = 0.158), LS-BMD (beta: −0.015, 95% CI: −0.076 to 0.046, SE: 0.031, p = 0.629), and forearm BMD (beta: 0.044, 95% CI: −0.063 to 0.152, SE: 0.055, p = 0.418). These results were confirmed using the MR-Egger, weighted median, simple model, and weighted model. No heterogeneity or pleiotropy was detected (p > 0.05 for all).

Conclusion

Contrary to previous observational studies, our study figured out that no causal effect existed between ALS and osteoporosis. The disparity in results is probably attributed to secondary effects such as physical inactivity and muscle atrophy caused by ALS.
Causal relationships between human blood metabolites and intracranial aneurysm and aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage: a Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Jiang Jia , Gui Siming , Wei Dachao , Chen Xiheng , Tang Yudi , Lv Jian , You Wei , Chen Ting , Yang Shu , Ge Huijian , Li Youxiang
Published: December 2023

Objective

The aim of this study was to assess the causal relationships between blood metabolites and intracranial aneurysm, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and unruptured intracranial aneurysm.

Methods

Our exposure sample consisted of 7,824 individuals from a genome-wide association study of human blood metabolites. Our outcome sample consisted of 79,429 individuals (7,495 cases and 71,934 controls) from the International Stroke Genetics Consortium, which conducted a genome-wide association study of intracranial aneurysm, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and unruptured intracranial aneurysm. We identified blood metabolites with a potential causal effect on intracranial aneurysms and conducted sensitivity analyses to validate our findings.

Results

After rigorous screening and Mendelian randomization tests, we found four, two, and three serum metabolites causally associated with intracranial aneurysm, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and unruptured intracranial aneurysm, respectively (all P < 0.05). Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of these associations.

Conclusions

Our Mendelian randomization analysis demonstrated causal relationships between human blood metabolites and intracranial aneurysm, aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage, and unruptured intracranial aneurysm. Further research is required to explore the potential of targeting these metabolites in the management of intracranial aneurysm.
Subjective cognitive complaints in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy
Authors: Lee Jun Seok , Ahn Jong Hyeon , Ha Jong Mok , Youn Jinyoung , Cho Jin Whan
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Subjective cognitive complaints (SCC) refer to self-reported cognitive decline that may or may not be reflected in objective neuropsychological evaluations. Such SCC are prevalent in neurodegenerative diseases, including Parkinson’s disease (PD), but the prevalence and clinical features in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) have not been investigated.

Methods

We recruited 83 PSP patients without dementia and investigated their SCC using a semi-structured interview. Comprehensive neuropsychological test results and patient clinical features were compared according to presence of SCC and underlying cognitive state.

Results

Among the 83 patients, 16 had normal cognition (NC), 67 had mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and 36 (43.4%) reported SCC. Among NC patients, 37.5% (6/16) had SCC, while 44.8% (30/67) of MCI patients reported SCC. There were no differences between the neuropsychological test results or demographic and clinical characteristics of PSP patients with or without SCC in the NC group. The demographic and clinical characteristics of the MCI+SCC (MCI with SCC)and MCI-SCC (MCI without SCC) groups were comparable, but the MCI+SCC group had significantly worse neuropsychological scores than the MCI-SCC group, particularly in tests assessing attention, language, visual memory, and fronto-executive function domains.

Discussion

While SCC are commonly reported by PSP patients, patients with PSP and MCI+SCC had worse cognitive function than those who did not report SCC. These findings suggest that SCC in PSP patients with MCI could be a worsening sign of cognitive function. Therefore, it is crucial for physicians to assess SCC in PSP patients and to provide timely diagnosis and management of cognitive decline.
Case report: A case of primary angiitis of the central nervous system: misdiagnosed for 3.5 years
Authors: Qin Lixia , He Miao , Lu Wei
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) is an uncommon inflammatory condition that exclusively affects blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, leptomeninges, and spinal cord. Due to its infrequency and the variability in its clinical presentation and imaging findings, diagnosing PACNS can be challenging.

Case description

In this study, we present the case of a teenager who initially presented with headaches and epilepsy. Comprehensive laboratory tests yield normal results. A series of brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a progression of changes, starting from localized cerebral atrophy and culminating in the development of a contrast-enhanced mass with vasogenic edema. Immune-associated encephalitis and mitochondrial encephalopathy were suspected, but immunologic investigations, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and nuclear DNA (nDNA) sequencing using biopsied muscle, and muscle pathologies were all negative. Ultimately, a diagnosis of PACNS was confirmed through a stereotactic brain biopsy, which took place 3.5 years after the onset of symptoms. The patient responded favorably to treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide.

Conclusion

In summary, we have described a case of PACNS characterized by localized cerebral atrophy and tumor-like MRI findings, who was misdiagnosed as immune-associated encephalitis or mitochondrial encephalopathy for 3.5 years. We emphasize the importance of dynamic observation of MRI changes, as well as brain biopsy.
Potential application value of pigment epithelium-derived factor in sensorineural hearing loss
Authors: Sun Zihui , Li Xiaoguang , Li Guangfei , Xu Ying , Meng Jie , Meng Wei , He Shuangba
Published: December 2023

The inner ear is a complex and precise auditory perception system responsible for receiving and converting sound signals into neural signals, enabling us to perceive and understand sound. However, the occurrence and development of inner ear diseases and auditory disorders, such as sensorineural hearing loss, remain a global problem. In recent years, there has been increasing research on the treatment of inner ear diseases and auditory regeneration. Among these treatments, pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), as a multifunctional secretory protein, exhibits diverse biological activities and functions through various mechanisms, and has shown potential applications in the inner ear. This minireview comprehensively evaluates the performance of PEDF in sensorineural hearing loss in inner ear and its potential targets and therapeutic prospects.
Potential uses of auditory nerve stimulation to modulate immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem
Authors: Seicol Benjamin J. , Guo Zixu , Garrity Katy , Xie Ruili
Published: December 2023

Bioelectronic medicine uses electrical stimulation of the nervous system to improve health outcomes throughout the body primarily by regulating immune responses. This concept, however, has yet to be applied systematically to the auditory system. There is growing interest in how cochlear damage and associated neuroinflammation may contribute to hearing loss. In conjunction with recent findings, we propose here a new perspective, which could be applied alongside advancing technologies, to use auditory nerve (AN) stimulation to modulate immune responses in hearing health disorders and following surgeries for auditory implants. In this article we will: (1) review the mechanisms of inflammation in the auditory system in relation to various forms of hearing loss, (2) explore nerve stimulation to reduce inflammation throughout the body and how similar neural-immune circuits likely exist in the auditory system (3) summarize current methods for stimulating the auditory system, particularly the AN, and (4) propose future directions to use bioelectronic medicine to ameliorate harmful immune responses in the inner ear and auditory brainstem to treat refractory conditions. We will illustrate how current knowledge from bioelectronic medicine can be applied to AN stimulation to resolve inflammation associated with implantation and disease. Further, we suggest the necessary steps to get discoveries in this emerging field from bench to bedside. Our vision is a future for AN stimulation that includes additional protocols as well as advances in devices to target and engage neural-immune circuitry for therapeutic benefits.
A scientifically validated combination of garcinol, curcuminoids, and piperine for mild to moderate nonalcoholic steatohepatitis patients—results from a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study
Authors: Majeed Muhammed , Nagabhushanam Kalyanam , Noureddin Mazen , Paulose Shaji , Barik Chinmoy , Saklecha Santosh , Mundkur Lakshmi
Published: December 2023

Background

Garcinol is a naturally occurring compound from the fruit rind of the Garcinia indica, with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Curcuminoids are the active molecule from the rhizome of Curcuma longa, studied extensively for its health benefits as an anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities. Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is the progressive form of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis characterized by liver fat and inflammation.

Objective

To evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Garcinol, Curcuminoids and piperine (GCP) combination in patients with mild to moderate NASH in a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Methods

The patients received one tablet (450 mg) of GCP containing garcinol-50 mg, curcuminoids −250 mg and piperine 5 mg or a placebo (450 mg of microcrystalline cellulose) twice daily for 90 days. Changes in circulating aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) levels, liver stiffness measurement (LSM), and controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) using Fibroscan were compared from baseline to day 90. Anthropometric parameters, serum levels of lipids, Interleukin (IL-6), hsCRP, and adiponectin were estimated. Safety was evaluated by laboratory parameters and by monitoring adverse events.

Results

Seventy-two patients were randomized and 63 (GCP = 32, Placebo = 31) completed the study. The mean age of the patients was 48.3 ± 8.7 years (36 males and 27 females). The mean reduction in AST (U/L) was 9.53 in GCP and 3.16 in placebo (p < 0.001) and that of ALT (U/L) was 13.47 in GCP and 7.43 in Placebo (p = 0.002). The liver stiffness and CAP scores showed a better reduction in GCP (0.56 kPa and 12.38 db/m) compared to placebo (0.064 kPa and 10.42 db/m) p < 0.05. Consequently, the noninvasive Fibroscan-AST (FAST) score reduction was also found to be significant in GCP compared to placebo. Additionally, body weight, lipid levels, hsCRP, and IL-6 in serum decreased, while adiponectin levels increased in GCP-supplemented participants compared to placebo. The combination of garcinol and curcuminoids was well tolerated with no significant changes in hematological and clinical laboratory parameters during the 90-day supplementation.

Conclusion

Our results suggest that GCP could be a possible supplement for the management of NASH.

Clinical trial registration: https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier CTRI/2019/11/022147.
Restaurants’ compliance with calorie labeling policies in food delivery applications
Authors: Alangari Abdulaziz S.
Published: December 2023

Background

To encourage consumers to make healthier choices, the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) released the Saudi Arabia Nutrition Labeling Policy, which requires restaurants to present caloric information clearly on their menus. Food delivery applications are also mandated to present caloric information on their platforms. The aim of this study is to explore how restaurants on food delivery applications comply with the calorie labeling policy.

Methods

Data were extracted from a widely used food delivery application in Saudi Arabia to include a sample of 120 “healthy food” restaurants. The restaurants were checked for compliance on both the application and the website. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were performed to examine the distribution and association of relevant factors.

Results

A substantial proportion (43.3%) of healthy foods on delivery applications (n = 120) do not comply with the SFDA calorie labeling policies. Among these restaurants, 56.5% presented the calorie labeling on their menu item. Of those who provided calorie information on their websites (n = 62), 54.8% provided appropriate calorie labeling based on the SFDA policy. There was an association between compliance and the number of restaurant categories but no associations for website calorie labeling, rating, and appropriateness.

Conclusion

This study provides important findings for policymakers that will enable them to reinforce food calorie policies on food delivery platforms, restaurant websites, social media, and marketing campaigns. Not all restaurants comply with the SFDA calorie labeling policies. Suggestions to present the calorie-related words in Arabic and offer more information to help the consumer make the appropriate food selection decision. Further studies are needed to explore the reasons for and barriers to posting nutritional information on menu items.
Is flexible sigmoidoscopy screening associated with reducing colorectal cancer incidence and mortality? a meta-analysis and systematic review
Authors: Wang Xinmiao , Cao Luchang , Song Xiaotong , Zhu Guanghui , Ni Baoyi , Ma Xinyi , Li Jie
Published: December 2023

Background

The question of whether flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) for colorectal cancer (CRC) affects incidence or mortality remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a meta-analysis and systematic review to explore this issue.

Methods

A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, and ClinicalTrials.gov was performed for cohort studies (CS), case–control studies, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of people who underwent FS and reported mortality or incidence of CRC until 11 December 2022. Relative risk (RR) was applied as an estimate of the effect of interest. To combine the RRs and 95% confidence intervals, a random-effects model was used. The quality of the included studies and evidence was assessed by the Newcastle-Ottawa quality assessment scale, the Jadad scale, and the “Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation System.”

Results

There were a total of six RCTs and one CS, comprising 702,275 individuals. FS was found to be associated with a 26% RR reduction in CRC incidence (RR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.66–0.84) and a 30% RR reduction in CRC mortality (RR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.58–0.85). In the incidence subgroup analysis, FS significantly reduced the incidence of CRC compared with non-screening, usual care, and fecal immunochemical testing. Significance was also shown in men, women, distal site, stages III–IV, ages 55–59, and age over 60. In terms of the mortality subgroup analysis, the results were roughly the same as those of incidence.

Conclusion

According to this study, FS might reduce the incidence and mortality of CRC. To confirm this finding, further prospective clinical studies should be conducted based on a larger-scale population.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023388925.
Serological investigation of vaccine-induced antibodies for measles, rubella, and yellow fever viruses in children vertically exposed to Zika virus or with down syndrome
Authors: Familiar-Macedo Débora , Dias Helver Gonçalves , Carvalho Fabiana Rabe , Pauvolid-Corrêa Alex , da Silveira Mayara Neto , Oliveira Mariana Cavalcante de , Gonçalves Rita de Cássia Ferreira , Vianna Renata Artimos de Oliveira , Cardoso Claudete Aparecida Araujo , Boy da Silva Raquel Tavares , Baumblatt Anna Paula , de-Oliveira-Pinto Luzia Maria
Published: December 2023

Background

Vaccination schedules, as well as their effectiveness and contraindications, need to be evaluated regularly, especially in specific situations. Congenital Zika Syndrome (CZS) is a severe condition that results in extensive functional and neurological impairment of fetuses and newborns due to Zika virus tropism for fetal neural progenitor cells. Down Syndrome (DS) is the leading genetic cause of intellectual disability. The immune impairment in DS has already been described, but little is known about the immune response of CZS children. Thus, CZS and DS are specific conditions that can be considered for a reassessment of the available immunizations. Here, we carried out serological analyses of attenuated vaccines-induced antibodies for measles, rubella, and yellow fever viruses in children aged 2–7, grouped into asymptomatic controls, DS children, and CZS children.

Methods

Plasma samples were taken, and vaccination records were compiled during clinical follow-up. Enzymatic immunoassays for quantifying anti-measles and anti-rubella IgG were performed to assess the response to the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test (PRNT) was performed to investigate neutralizing antibodies in response to the Brazilian vaccine strain of yellow fever (YF-17DD).

Results

We highlight similar levels of anti-measles IgG and neutralizing antibodies for YF-17DD among CZS, DS, and asymptomatic children, although low positivity of measles data was seen in the three groups. In DS children, the 2–4-year-old group had an increased level of anti-measles IgG compared to the older group of children aged five to seven years. Lower anti-rubella IgG levels were observed in CZS and DS children compared to asymptomatic children. For anti-rubella IgG, the good performance of vaccination in asymptomatic children is due to younger ones rather than older ones.

Conclusions

There were no reports of adverse events after the use of the MMR and YF-17DD indicating that CZS and DS could continue to receive these vaccines, but our data draws attention to the necessity of monitoring the vaccination response in CZS and DS children over time and the possible need to adhere to national measles vaccination campaigns. Scientific research needs to continue to help develop appropriate CZS and DS health guidelines.
In vitro intestinal simulation system on the carbon source utilization characteristics and mechanism of interspecific syntrophic effects of Bifidobacterium longum CECT7894 and Pediococcus pentosaceus CECT8330
Authors: Li Jinjun , Xu Lei , Liao Jiahao , Li Xiaoqiong , Wang Xin , Wu Qinbin , Zhu Liying
Published: December 2023

The combination of Bifidobacterium longum and Pediococcus pentosaceus is a clinically effective probiotic formulation for alleviating infantile colic; however, their utilization characteristics and mechanism of action surrounding their combined use of sugar sources remains unclear. Using in vitro simulation technology, this study set up individual and mixed cultures of the two probiotics at unique concentrations, and different types of prebiotics, carbohydrates and polyols were added. Gas and short-chain fatty acid production, substrate utilization, as well as growth of the individual and mixed probiotics were detected at the beginning of fermentation, 24 h, and 48 h. Further, the mechanism of the syntrophic effect of the two probiotics was explored based on their growth characteristics. It was found that neither strain produced gas after 24 h and 48 h of cultivation, but could synergistically utilize fructo oligosaccharides (FOS) when mixed. There was an increasing trend of acetic acid production for B. longum in yeast extract, casitone and fatty acid (YCFA) and FOS medium with increasing of bacterial concentrations at 24 h and 48 h; whereas the trend for P. pentosaceus was less obvious. When bacterial concentrations were >5 billion CFU·g−1, the mixed culture showed significantly lower acetic acid production than B. longum alone. By adding lactic and acetic acids to the YCFA medium and observing P. pentosaceus growth, the results suggested that Pediococcus pentosaceus could use the acetic acid and lactic acid produced by Bifidobacterium longum for growth. When the bacterial concentration was 5 billion CFU·g−1, the acetic acid production of B. longum was significantly higher in the mixed cultures in lactulose, lactose, FOS, galactooligosaccharide, and inulin medium; whereas the reverse was true for culturing in xylitol, carboxymethyl cellulose sodium, and sorbitol medium. Further, the mixed cultures produced significantly more acetic acid than B. longum alone. In summary, through in vitro simulation experiments, the optimal ratio and potential interaction mechanisms between B. longum and P. pentosaceus were revealed here, offers a basis for understanding how the probiotic combinations may improve infant colic symptoms by influencing the gut pH and regulating the gut microbiota mechanisms.
Efficacy and safety profile of elexacaftor-tezacaftor-ivacaftor triple therapy on cystic fibrosis: a systematic review and single arm meta-analysis
Authors: Xu Wenye , Wu Ting , Zhou Zijing , Zuo Zhihong
Published: December 2023

Background: Elexacaftor-Tezacaftor-Ivacaftor (ELE/TEZ/IVA) is believed to be an effective and well-tolerated treatment for cystic fibrosis (CF), but the exact efficacy and safety profile are still unknown.

Objective: This study aimed to clarify the extent of functional restoration when patients are given with triple combination treatment and demonstrate the prevalence of adverse events, to evaluate the overall profile of ELE/TEZ/IVA on CF.

Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane Library. Random effects single-arm meta-analysis was performed to decipher the basal characteristics of CF, the improvement and safety profile after ELE/TEZ/IVA treatment.

Results: A total 53 studies were included in this analysis. For all the patients in included studies. 4 weeks after ELE/TEZ/IVA treatment, the increasement of percentage of predicted Forced Expiratory Volume in the first second (ppFEV1) was 9.23% (95%CI, 7.77%–10.70%), the change of percentage of predicted Forced Vital Capacity (ppFVC) was 7.67% (95%CI, 2.15%–13.20%), and the absolute change of Cystic Fibrosis Questionnaire–Revised (CFQ-R) score was 21.46 points (95%CI, 18.26–24.67 points). The Sweat chloride (SwCl) was significantly decreased with the absolute change of −41.82 mmol/L (95%CI, −44.38 to −39.25 mmol/L). 24 weeks after treatment, the increasement of ppFEV1 was 12.57% (95%CI, 11.24%–13.90%), the increasement of ppFVC was 10.44% (95%CI, 7.26%–13.63%), and the absolute change of CFQ-R score was 19.29 points (95%CI, 17.19–21.39 points). The SwCl was significantly decreased with the absolute change of −51.53 mmol/L (95%CI, −56.12 to −46.94 mmol/L). The lung clearance index2.5 (LCI2.5) was also decreased by 1.74 units (95%CI, −2.42 to −1.07 units). The body mass index increased by 1.23 kg/m2 (95%CI, 0.89–1.57 kg/m2). As for adverse events, 0.824 (95%CI, 0.769–0.879) occurred during ELE/TEZ/IVA period, while the incidence of severe adverse events was 0.066 (95%CI, 0.028–0.104).

Conclusion: ELE/TEZ/IVA is a highly effective strategy and relatively safe for CF patients and needs to be sustained to achieve better efficacy.

Systematic Review Registration: Identifier: CRD42023441840.
Effectiveness and safety of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Han Songfei , Guo Cuishan , Song Zixuan , Ouyang Ling , Wang Yizi
Published: December 2023

Background: Studies in recent years have shown that PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors may have better effectiveness in patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. The effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors is thought to be related to mismatch repair-deficient (dMMR) and mismatch repair-proficient (pMMR) classification in advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors in patients classified as dMMR and pMMR.

Methods: Medical databases were searched to identify relevant publications up to 30 November 2022. The primary outcome was comparison of objective response rate (ORR) in patients with dMMR and pMMR following treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors; secondary outcomes were single-group ORR in patients with dMMR and in patients with pMMR, respectively.

Results: Eleven studies were eligible for analysis and patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer with molecular classification of dMMR had a higher total ORR than those with pMMR [odds ratio (OR), 7.70; 95% confidence interval (CI), 3.22–18.38; p < 0.01], with low evidence of between-study heterogeneity (I2 = 0%). The total ORR of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer with molecular type dMMR was 51.9% (95% CI, 33.6%–69.9%). The overall ORR of patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer with molecular type pMMR was 16.1% (95% CI, 5.5%–30.3%).

Conclusion: In our including studies, the patients with advanced or recurrent endometrial cancer with molecular types of dMMR and pMMR, following treatment with PD-1/PD-L1 inhibitors, the total ORR of patients with dMMR was higher than that of patients with pMMR. Since the current number of studies is not very large, it is possible that more studies will be published in the future and more precise results will be discussed further.
Acute effect of hydrogen-rich water on physical, perceptual and cardiac responses during aerobic and anaerobic exercises: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded cross-over trial
Authors: Jebabli Nidhal , Ouerghi Nejmeddine , Abassi Wissal , Yagin Fatma Hilal , Khlifi Mariem , Boujabli Manar , Bouassida Anissa , Ben Abderrahman Abderraouf , Ardigò Luca Paolo
Published: December 2023

Molecular hydrogen (H2 gas) dissolved in water to produce Hydrogen-Rich Water. Hydrogen-Rich Water (HRW) is considered as ergogenic aid in different exercise modes. However, acute pre-exercise HRW ingestion effect is unclear regarding athlete performance. This study aimed at investigating acute effect of HRW ingestion on aerobic and anaerobic exercise performance. Twenty-two male amateur middle-distance runners volunteered to participate in this study. In a randomized, double-blind study design, all players ingested 500 mL of HRW or placebo (PLA) supplement 30 min before the start of the tests. Over 4 days, maximal aerobic speed of Vameval test (MAS), time to exhaustion at MAS (Tlim), squat jump (SJ), counter-movement jump (CMJ) and five jump test (5JT) were evaluated. Also, rate of perceived exertion (RPE) and peak heart rate (HRpeak) were measured during the aerobic tests. For Vameval test, HRW ingestion improved MAS, HRpeak and RPE compared with the placebo condition. For Tlim test, HRW ingestion demonstrated improvements in time to exhaustion, RPE and HRpeak. However, no significant change was observed between HW and placebo conditions in SJ, CMJ, 5JT. 500 mL of HRW can significantly improve HRpeak, time to exhaustion, RPE, with no significant effect on MAS, jumping performance in amateur endurance athletes.
Synthetic polyploid induction influences morphological, physiological, and photosynthetic characteristics in Melissa officinalis L.
Authors: Bharati Rohit , Gupta Aayushi , Novy Pavel , Severová Lucie , Šrédl Karel , Žiarovská Jana , Fernández-Cusimamani Eloy
Published: December 2023

Melissa officinalis L., a well-known herb with diverse industrial and ethnopharmacological properties. Although, there has been a significant lack in the breeding attempts of this invaluable herb. This study aimed to enhance the agronomical traits of M. officinalis through in vitro polyploidization. Nodal segments were micropropagated and subjected to oryzalin treatment at concentrations of 20, 40, and 60 mM for 24 and 48 hours. Flow cytometry, chromosome counting, and stomatal characteristics were employed to confirm the ploidy level of the surviving plants. The survival rate of the treated explants decreased exponentially with increasing oryzalin concentration and duration. The highest polyploid induction rate (8%) was achieved with 40 mM oryzalin treatment for 24 hours. The induced tetraploid plants exhibited vigorous growth, characterized by longer shoots, larger leaves, and a higher leaf count. Chlorophyll content and fluorescence parameters elucidated disparities in photosynthetic performance between diploid and tetraploid genotypes. Tetraploid plants demonstrated a 75% increase in average essential oil yield, attributed to the significantly larger size of peltate trichomes. Analysis of essential oil composition in diploid and tetraploid plants indicated the presence of three major components: geranial, neral, and citronellal. While citronellal remained consistent, geranial and neral increased by 11.06% and 9.49%, respectively, in the tetraploid population. This effective methodology, utilizing oryzalin as an anti-mitotic agent for polyploid induction in M. officinalis, resulted in a polyploid genotype with superior morpho-physiological traits. The polyploid lemon balm generated through this method has the potential to meet commercial demands and contribute significantly to the improvement of lemon balm cultivation.
Casparian strips prevent apoplastic diffusion of boric acid into root steles for excess B tolerance
Authors: Muro Keita , Kamiyo Jio , Wang Sheliang , Geldner Niko , Takano Junpei
Published: December 2023

Casparian strips are ring-like structures consisting of lignin, sealing the apoplastic space between endodermal cells. They are thought to have important functions in controlling radial transport of nutrients and toxic elements in roots. However, Arabidopsis mutants with a defective Casparian strip structure have been found to maintain nutrient homeostasis in ranges supportive of growth under standard laboratory conditions. In this study, we investigated the function of Casparian strips under excess boron (B) conditions using sgn3 and sgn4 mutants with defective Casparian strip development but which do not exhibit excessive deposition of suberin, another endodermal diffusion barrier. The growth of sgn3 and sgn4 mutants did not differ significantly from that of wild-type (WT) plants under different B conditions in plate cultures; however, they were highly sensitive to B excess in hydroponic culture, where transpiration drives the translocation of boric acid toward the shoot. In hydroponic culture with sufficient to excess boric acid, B accumulation in shoots of the sgn3 and sgn4 mutants was higher than that in the WT. A time-course tracer study using 10B-enriched boric acid at a sufficient or slightly excessive concentration showed higher translocation of B into shoots of the sgn3 and sgn4 mutants. Furthermore, a genetically encoded biosensor for boric acid expressed under a stele-specific promoter (proCIF2:NIP5;1 5′UTR : Eluc-PEST) visualized faster boric acid flux into the mutant steles. Collectively, our results demonstrate the importance of Casparian strips in preventing apoplastic diffusion of boric acid into the stele under excess supply.
Systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevention of internalizing disorders in early childhood
Authors: Bolton Brigid , Rooney Rosanna Mary , Hughes Anya , Hopkins Amber , Mancini Vincent Oreste
Published: December 2023

Introduction

Internalizing problems comprise a significant amount of the mental health difficulties experienced during childhood. Implementing prevention programs during early childhood may prevent internalizing problems. The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the effect of both targeted and universal prevention programs in preventing internalizing problems for children aged 3- to 5-years and their parents.

Methods

PsycINFO, Embase, and MEDLINE were systematically searched, and 17 randomized control trials, consisting of 3,381 children, met eligibility criteria. There were seven universal prevention programs, and 10 targeted prevention programs. Four prevention programs were delivered to children, 10 prevention programs were delivered to parents/caregivers, and three prevention programs were delivered to both parents and children.

Results

Prevention programs led to significantly fewer internalizing problems at 6- and 7-month post-intervention (n = 7, p = 0.02, CI −0.69, 0.06) with a small-to-moderate effect size (g = −0.38), however, not at post-intervention or at 12-month follow up.

Discussion

Overall, findings suggest that there may be value in ongoing development and evaluation of prevention programs for internalizing problems, as they improve social and emotional wellbeing in students and reduce internalizing difficulties within the 6- to 7-month timeframe following prevention programs.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO: CRD42021261323.