bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Structure of nonlinear whistlers moving through plasma at an angle to the magnetic field
Authors: Кичигин Геннадий , Kichigin Gennadiy
Published: March 2018

The paper presents solutions of two-fluid magnetic hydrodynamics equations describing small-scale fast magnetosonic stable waves — nonlinear whist-lers moving in a cold magnetized plasma at an angle α to the external magnetic field. At the fixed angle α, the Alfvén Mach number of the whistlers has a narrow range of allowed values. It has been found that when passing from extremely small Mach numbers to ex-tremely large ones, amplitudes and spatial structure of wave velocity components and whistler magnetic field change significantly. The range of angles of the motion direction of whistlers with respect to direction of the the external magnetic field vector is determined. Within this range, the obtained approximate analytical and numerical solutions are in satisfactory agreement.
Automatic estimation of dynamics of ionospheric disturbances with 1–15 minute lifetimes as derived from ISTP SB RAS fast chirp-ionosonde data
Authors: Бернгардт Олег , Berngardt Oleg , Бубнова Татьяна , Bubnova Tatyana , Подлесный Алексей , Podlesnyi Aleksey
Published: March 2018

We propose and test a method of analyzing ionograms of vertical ionospheric sounding, which is based on detecting deviations of the shape of an ionogram from its regular (averaged) shape. We interpret these deviations in terms of reflection from the electron density irregularities at heights corresponding to the effective height. We examine the irregularities thus discovered within the framework of a model of a localized uniformly moving irregularity, and determine their characteristic parameters: effective heights and observed vertical velocities. We analyze selected experimental data for three seasons (spring, winter, autumn) obtained nearby Irkutsk with a fast chirp ionosonde of ISTP SB RAS in 2013–2015. The analysis of six days of observations conducted in these seasons has shown that in the observed vertical drift of the irregularities there are two characteristic distributions: wide velocity distribution with nearly 0 m/s mean and with standard deviation of ~250 m/s and narrow distribution with nearly –160 m/s mean. The analysis has demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm for the automatic analysis of vertical sounding data with high repetition rate.
System ochrony przeciwpowodziowej w Polsce. Zadania organów administracji publicznej w fazach zapobiegania i reagowania na zagrożenia powodziowe
Authors: Mąka Karol
Published: March 2018

Flood protection system in Poland. The tasks of public administration in responses to flood risk

The article examines the flood protection system in Poland as a part of the national security system. It singles out public offices which are responsible for flood protection and analysis their tasks and competences in emergency management phases. The paper characterises the flood response and preparedness phases. The author emphasizes the preparedness phase as the most significant part of the system.
Współpraca transgraniczna państw Grupy Wyszehradzkiej na rzecz zapewnienia bezpieczeństwa granic
Authors: Klepner Tomasz
Published: March 2018

The Visegrad Group cross‑border cooperation to ensure border security

The aim of this article is to present a comprehensive analysis of the Visegrad cooperation in the field of borders security. The paper presents both legal and institutional environment in which the Visegrad partners pursue their policy of safety management at the borders. A short historical background is presented, followed by expended examples of V4 achievements. The key issue, however, is whether the cooperation provides opportunities to ensure security effectively in practice. The case of the Visegrad Group will help to understand this practical aspect.
Polityka wizerunkowa Haszymidzkiego Królestwa Jordanii ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem roli pierwszej damy
Authors: Andrys Katarzyna
Published: March 2018

Impression Management Policy of the Jordanian Royal Family with special attention to the position of the first lady

Impression Management Policy of the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan is the image creation of this country within and outside its borders. The main actors in this process are the King and the Queen. This image is diversely interpreted and every so often is on the verge of suppressing the reality. In Jordan, the mission of the King in creating a plausible image of his country seems to be largely complicated. The monarch has to reconcile different groups of people, such as conservatives or refugees with economical dependency to the USA, Israel or Saudi Arabia and Iraq. The Hashemite Monarchy is a particular case among the Middle Eastern countries, because the role of the Queen in public life is crucial. With the exception of the King, photographs of the royal family, or even the Queen alone, are often encountered. The present Jordanian Queen, Rania Al‑Abdullah, is one of the most recognized Middle Eastern women, mostly because of her skilful promotion in worldwide media. The Queen is chiefly promoting education, women and children’s rights and charity organizations. The image of the country created by the Queen is parallel to the King’s activity and also affects his image positively.
Handel ludźmi w II Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
Authors: Dulak Dawid
Published: March 2018

Human Trafficking in the Second Polish RepublicHuman trafficking beings is considered as one of the most serious and most profitable crime in the world. After the political transformation in the 1990s, Poland is classified as a transit, destination and origin state of victims, but despite the constant presence of danger and its dynamic evolution, knowledge and awareness of history of human trafficking, particularly in Second Polish Republic, remain slow. The article outlines the beginnings of human trafficking in the interwar Poland, efforts of state and NGOs in fighting against trafficking, profile of violators and victims, and the mechanisms of recruitment and processes of control assumption over the sufferer.
Technology can enhance learning during free play
Authors: Cornwall Francesca
Published: March 2018

When looking to add STEM elements into early years settings it is important to address the concerns that digital equates very simply to screen time. This is unhelpful and could lead to play deprivation.
Help, I've been appointed an early years SENCo…
Authors: Hunt Maureen
Published: March 2018

There is no doubt that the role of special needs coordinator is of vital importance in early years settings, but are we equipping them with the resources and training they require to make the position a success?
Everything is possible, so prepare to be surprised
Authors: Lee Trisha
Published: March 2018

In theory, ‘Helicopter Stories’ is a simple approach. The child dictates their story. The practitioner writes it down word for word, and the whole class act the stories out. But this simplicity hides great potential.
Between the screens: Screen-printing moving images
Authors: Overill Ralph
Published: March 2018

This article aims to set out key themes connecting screen-printing and the moving image with the hope of initiating a dialogue between the screens. I first reflect on how these connections were instigated in my creative practice before conducting a brief study of theoretical and critical responses to Andy Warhol’s silkscreen canvases and silent films, aiming to propose a relationship between these bodies of work. This reveals two pairs of paradoxical themes that carry across the two media: motion and stasis, and immediacy and distance. After considering where I locate my practice in relation to Warhol’s, I culminate my thoughts by presenting and reflecting on the results of a practical experiment in which I insert my screen-printed video frames back into their cinematic motor.
Gavin Turk’s many personas: Who What When Where How and Why is he?
Authors: Florish Jack
Published: March 2018

Gavin Turk uses many personas in his work, but who is the artist behind the art? To answer this question, this article takes a recent retrospective of Turk as a primary source. Through analysis of this work, and through comparison with artists such as Tracey Emin and Cindy Sherman, we see how Turk operates behind the persona and his effect on both the art world and the audience looking at his art.
Playing politics: The state of the arts in the post-museum context
Authors: Gath Kristian
Published: March 2018

During the last decade, the evolved agency of the artist and the efficacy of art interventions within the urban landscape have been significantly debated in response to the fields of cultural policy; artistic practice; and academic discourses – and how those within these fields acknowledge the evolving interactions between practitioners and their publics within the post-museum context. Through theoretical criticism of empirical case studies, this article foregrounds the participants within the transmission from art programming to public art in a manner that considers the processes contained within this transmission and their dissemination into production as the continuous loop of a public art intervention that is concerned with the ideals surrounding the post-museum.
ACEITABILIDADE E INTENÇÃO DE COMPRA DO QUEIJO DE COALHO DE CABRA TEMPERADO COM CACHAÇA
Authors: Silva Vanessa Bonfim da , Costa Marion Pereira da , Delfino Nelson De Carvalho
Published: March 2018

O leite de cabra apresenta melhor digestibilidade e hipoalergenicidadequando comparado ao leite bovino. Nesta perspectiva, o leite caprino apresenta elevado potencial na elaboração de derivados lácteos, principalmente queijos, sendo considerado um excelente substituto ao leite bovino na alimentação humana. Um dos queijos mais produzidos a partir do leite de cabra é o queijo de coalho, cuja exploração de novos condimentos torna-se interessante a fim de valorizá-lo culturalmente e economicamente no mercado. Por esses motivos, o objetivo destetrabalho foi elaborar um novo queijo de coalho de cabra utilizando a cachaça como condimento, além de verificar a aceitação (aceitação global, sabor, aroma, aparência e textura) e intenção de compra deste novo produto em uma população potencialmente consumidora. Quanto a aceitação global, os valores médios variaram de 6,88 ± 1,53 a7,51 ± 1,18 com conceito médio “gostei moderadamente”. Estes resultados também se mostram promissores quando avaliada a aceitabilidade dos atributos sensoriais em valores absolutos e percentuais. A aparência e a textura foram os atributos que mais se destacaram positivamente, obtendo ambos o conceito “gostei muito”, comvalores médios de 7,51 ± 1,18 e 7,35 ± 1,35, respectivamente. As características sabor e aroma variaram entre os conceitos “gostei moderamente” e “gostei muito”, com notas variando de 6,88 ± 1,53 e 6,89 ± 1,63,respectivamente. Ademais, 76,3% dos julgadores afirmaram que comprariam o queijo de coalho caprino temperado com  cachaça. Desta forma, o queijo elaborado obteve boa aceitabilidade e intenção de compra, indicando que a cachaça pode ser utilizada como condimentação de queijo de coalho caprino, aumentando a atratividade e visibilidade do produto.
QUALIDADE MICROBIOLÓGICA DE QUEIJO MINAS FRESCAL COMERCIALIZADO NA ZONA DA MATA MINEIRA
Authors: Souza Iury Antônio de , Giovannetti Ana Cristina da Silva , Santos Luiz Guilherme de Freitas , Gandra Scarlet Ohana Da Silva , Martins Maurilio Lopes , Ramos Alcinéia De Lemos Souza
Published: March 2018

Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade microbiológica do queijo Minasfrescal comercializado na Zona da Mata Mineira. As amostras foram coletadas em seis municípios: Juiz de Fora (33), Cataguases (7), Itamarati de Minas (4), Belmiro Braga (2), Bicas (2) e Rio Pomba (2), totalizando 50 marcas, sendo 43 de produção industrial e sete informais. As análises de pH, atividade de água (Aw), coliformes a35 ºC e a 45 ºC, Escherichia coli, estafilococos coagulase positiva, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes e Salmonella sp. foram realizadas entre outubro de 2015 e janeiro de 2016. Os valores de pH variaram entre 4,98 a 7,14 e a Aw entre 0,989 a 0,904. Todas as amostras, independente da origem, apresentaram coliformesa 35 ºC, com valores variando de 1,5 x 101 a 1,1 x 106 NMP/g. Dentre as amostras, 20 (40%) apresentaram Número Mais Provável acima do limite máximo estabelecido pela legislação para coliformes a 45 ºC, sendo a média de 1,2 x 105 NMP/g. A presença de E. coli foi confirmada em 16 amostras (32%). As contagens de estafilococos coagulase positiva também foram acima do limite aceito em 16 (32%) amostras e10 (20%) continham S. aureus. Não foi constatada presença de L. monocytogenes, entretanto, Salmonella sp. foi confirmada em 20 amostras (40%). Constatou-se que, apenas 11 amostras (22%), estavam em conformidade com a legislação brasileira. Portanto, o queijo Minas frescal comercializado na região apresentou baixa qualidade microbiológica, sugerindo deficiências no processamento, transporte, armazenamento e/ou comercialização e perigo à saúde humana
The effect of IFRS Implementation Level and Audit Quality on Timely Loss Recognition in Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange
Authors: Rahmawati Dana Puspita , Kurniasih Lulus
Published: March 2018

This study aims to examine the effect of IFRS implementation and audit quality as represented by public accountant firmsâ€™ size on timely loss recognition in Indonesia. This study uses firm size, profitability, and growth as control variables. This research was conducted in the non state-owned companies and non financial companies listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012-2015. This study used a purposive sampling method for getting the sample. Multiple regression analysis was used as the main analysis and the results show that timely loss recognition is affected by audit quality and firm size. However, this study finds that IFRS implementation, profitability, and growth donâ€™t have significant effect on timely loss recognition.
Optimization of governance model of post-food harest and distribution in msme centers in 5 subdistricts in sidoarjo regency
Authors: Soekiman JFX Susanto , Baktiono Agus , Artaya I Putu
Published: March 2018

The purpose of this research is to formulate the model of post-harvest food commodity governance and its distribution management in 5 districts of Sidoarjo Regency, so that the center of MSMEs can give real contribution to the food commodity resilience program and able to maintain the stability of food commodity availability evenly throughout Sidoarjo regency. The research method used in this research is quantitative descriptive in the form of fact finding with proper interpretation. The results show that food availability is increasingly limited due to increased conversion of paddy fields and other productive agricultural land, low productivity of agricultural products, poor irrigation networks and irrigation infrastructure in production areas has become a serious threat to the sustainability of food self-sufficiency. Similarly, the phenomenon of harvested area and paddy production in 5 sub-districts (Krembung, Tulangan, Balungbendo, Prambon, and Tarik) for the period of 2000s have fluctuated so that in the long term it will greatly disrupt the food security in the region Sidoarjo Regency. Therefore, there is a need for seriously arranging the governance of food commodities (rice) post-harvest and distribution governance.
Understanding Differences on Using SMEâ€™s Web Before and After the Training of SMEâ€™s Website Operation (A Case Study of Implementing SMEâ€™s Website of Banguntapan and Imogiri)
Authors: Nugrahani Tri Siwi , Wardani Setia , Wibawa Wibawa
Published: March 2018

This research attempts to test the level of understanding of using website as a marketing media for the agents of SMEâ€™s by employing 65 SMEâ€™s agents. They have been legalized and have joined the training of website operating in 2016 and 2017. The sample consists of 25 agents of SMEâ€™S from Banguntapan and 44 agents from Imogiri. The hypothesis is related to the existence of difference on understanding SMEâ€™s website after and before conducting the training of website operating. Based on the analysis of Paired Sample Test by comparing the respond of SMEâ€™s agents before and after the training of website operating, it shows that t value -9,282 by 0, 000 significance. It reveals that the training to increase the level of understanding of using website was effectively resulted. It comes to the fact that this activity can increase the selling percentage. The item of new website is expected to be beneficial to increase product selling effectively which has been conducted by SMEâ€™S agents.Â
Relationship Pattern of Pedagogic Competence with Moderating Structural Equation Modeling Score Factor (MSEM-SF)
Authors: Effendi Moch Bisyri , Samekto Agus , Julianti Emma
Published: March 2018

The quality of education depends highly Â on the capacity of educational units in transforming the learners to gain added value, whether it is related to the aspects of thinking, taste, heart, and body. Among the components of education, teachers and lecturers are very important and strategic factors in an effort to improve the quality of education in every educational unit. The purpose of this research is to know the effect of professional competence, social competence on pedagogic competence with personality competence as moderation variable based on studentsâ€™ perception. The analytical method used is Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) to confirm the validity and reliability of the indicator of the latent variables and Moderating Structural Equation Modeling Score Factor (MSEM-SF) to determine the effect of moderation. The results show that personality competence moderates the relationship of the effect of professional competence on pedagogic competence but personality competence does not moderate relationship of the effect of social competence on pedagogic competence. This implies that, a good professional competence can accelerate the improvement of pedagogic competence quality supported by good personality competence.
Penerapan Produksi Bersih Dalam Upaya Penurunan Timbulan Limbah Cair Di Pabrik Gula Tebu
Authors: Paramitadevi Yudith Vega , Nofriana Risa , Yulisa Antin
Published: March 2018

Tebu (Saccharum officianarum L.) adalah tanaman yang mempunyai banyak manfaat, salah satunya sukrosa yang terdapat pada batang tebu yang dimanfaatkan untuk menghasilkan kristal gula. Kristal gula yang terbentuk mengalami pemrosesan yang panjang, dimulai dari penggilingan tebu hingga pemasakan. Pada proses pengolahan tersebut akan menghasilkan gula produk sekaligus limbah cair yang memiliki beban pencemaran organik tinggi. Tindak produksi bersih dalam industri gula tebu diperlukan agar penghematan air baku dan pencemaran air dapat terlaksana. Kajian terhadap produksi bersih dilakukan melalui studi kasus yang sifatnya deskriptif pada salah satu industri gula tebu di Indonesia. Identifikasi terhadap peluang produksi bersih dilakukan agar diperoleh pengaruh keseluruhan terhadap kinerja lingkungan, terutama pengurangan terhadap beban influen yang masuk ke IPAL. Sebanyak 6 alternatif peluang produksi bersih untuk penghematan konsumsi air baku dan 4 alternatif peluang produksi bersih untuk reduksi timbulan limbah cair diberikan. Peluang produksi bersih yang akhirnya dapat diterapkan yakni recycle air kondensat larutan gula, air bekas scrubber dan penerapan good house keeping. Debit air yang masuk ke IPAL berkurang 51.72%, setara dengan 4500 m3 air baku per hari, atau penghematan sebesar Rp 17.235.310,00 per tahun. Perancangan desain IPAL ulang juga diusulkan untuk mengatasi permasalahan konvensional yang melekat pada sistem kolam anaerobik-aerobik.
Pemanfaatan Kitosan dan Teknologi Plasma untuk Penyisihan COD, TSS, dan Warna pada Limbah Cair Industri Paper & Packaging
Authors: Saphira Debby Bella , Syakur Abdul , Purwono Purwono
Published: March 2018

Industri paper & packaging adalah industri yang menghasilkan limbah cukup banyak karena kegiatan produksi yang berlangsung terus-menerus. Salah satu limbah yang dihasilkan adalah limbah cair yang mengandung COD, TSS, dan warna yang tinggi dan berpotensi untuk mencemari lingkungan apabila tidak diolah. Pengolahan yang dilakukan adalah pretreatment koagulasi-flokulasi dan pengolahan selanjutnya dengan teknologi plasma tegangan tinggi. Hasil pengolahan menggunakan koagulasi-flokulasi menggunakan koagulan kitosan menunjukkan terjadinya penyisihan konsentrasi optimal pada dosis 40 mg/l dengan efisiensi penyisihan COD 81,35%, TSS 96,34%, dan warna 98,18%. Kemudian limbah diolah dengan teknologi plasma dengan tegangan tinggi 15 kV dan variasi waktu kontak 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 menit. Didapatkan hasil optimal pada waktu 50 menit pada penyisihan konsentrasi COD, TSS, maupun warna. Diketahui bahwa semakin lama waktu kontak limbah dengan plasma tegangan tinggi maka semakin banyak spesies aktif pendegradasi limbah seperti H•, OH•, dan H2O2 yang terbentuk sehingga pendegradasian limbah akan semakin lebih baik.Kata kunci: COD, Koagulasi-Flokulasi, Limbah Industri Paper & Packaging, Teknologi Plasma, TSS, Warna.
Revitalisasi Pengelolaan Bank Sampah Di Palabuhanratu
Authors: Samadikun Budi Prasetyo , Handayani Dwi Siwi , Laksana Muhamad Permana
Published: March 2018

Bank sampah di Kelurahan Palabuhanratu sudah berdiri sejak tahun 2010. Bank sampah ini adalah salah satu bank sampah diantara dua bank sampah lain, yang baru berdiri pada tahun  2016. Volume sampah pada tahun 2015 sebesar 134,89 m3 per hari, mencakup 89% wilayah Kelurahan Palabuhanratu ternyata masih belum optimal dalam pengolahannya, karena  sampah yang direduksi masih sekitar 5% dari total timbulan sampah yang dikirim ke TPA Cimenteng yang berlokasi sekitar 70 km dari Kelurahan Palabuhanratu. Kinerja bank sampah eksisting masih kurang, karena satu bank sampah hanya mampu melayani satu RW dan belum dapat melayani satu kelurahan. Selain itu, pengolahan sampah organik untuk dijadikan kompos belum dilakukan secara serentak oleh seluruh masyarakat, karena pengetahuan masyarakat yang masih kurang. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui kondisi eksisting pengelolaan sampah dan merumuskan upaya revitalisasi Bank Sampah eksisting sebagai pihak pendukung pengelolaan sampah di TPS Kelurahan Palabuhanratu. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode survei, dengan menggunakan kuesioner, wawancara mendalam, dan observasi. Teknik analisis menggunakan analisis kuantitatif dan analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masyarakat yang melakukan pemilahan sampah dari sumber hanya penduduk RT 01 RW 33. Selain itu jumlah TPS di Kelurahan Palabuhanratu masih terbatas, sehingga membutuhkan tambahan 5 unit TPS yang terintegrasi dengan bank sampah di kelurahan ini.Kata kunci: revitalisasi, bank sampah, PalabuhanratuThe  waste bank in Palabuhanratu Village  has been established since 2010. This waste bank is one of the waste bank among two other waste banks, newly established in 2016. The volume of waste in 2015 is 134,89 m3 per day, covering 89% of Palabuhanratu Village area  is still not optimal in its processing, because the reduced waste is still about 5% of the total waste generation delivered to the Cimenteng Final Diposal Site (FDS), which located about 70 km from Palabuhanratu Village. The existing waste bank’s performance is still very poor, because one waste bank can only serve one RW and can not serve the entire village. In addition, the processing of organic waste to be compost has not been done simultaneously by the whole community, due to the lack of people's knowledge. The purpose of this research is to know the existing condition of waste management and to formulate the revitalization of existing waste bank. The research used survey research method by using questionaire, in depth interview, and observation. Analytical technique using quantitative and qualitative analysis. The findings shows that the residents of Palabuhanratu Village who often do waste sorting from the source only from the residents of RT 01 RW 33. In addition, the number of existing temporary disposal site (TDS) in Palabuhanratu Village is still lacking, so it requires addition up to 5 units that integrated with waste bank in this village.Keywords: revitalization; waste bank, Palabuhanratu
Pemilihan Metode Analisis Debit Banjir Rancangan Embung Coyo Kabupaten Grobogan
Authors: Sarminingsih Anik
Published: March 2018

Debit banjir rancangan merupakan salah satu parameter perencanaan bangunan air. Besaran debit banjir rancangan akan sangat berpengaruh pada dimensi serta tingkat stabilitas struktur bangunan. Rencana embung Coyo terletak di sungai Lampis, secara administrasi berada di antara desa Sidorejo dan desa Mlowokarangtalun kecamatan Pulokulon Kabupaten Grobogan. Untuk merencanakan dimensi bangunan pengelak digunakan Q25th, sementara untuk bangunan pelimpah digunakan Q100th. Tidak tersedianya data debit pengamatan pada lokasi kajian mengakibatkan analisis debit banjir dilakukan dengan model hujan-limpasan berdasarkan karakteristik DAS. Adanya fungsi tampungan maka diperlukan banjir rancangan dalam bentuk hidrograf. Beberapa metode analisis hidrograf yang sering digunakan di Indonesia di antaranya model Hidrograf satuan sintetik (HSS) Snyder dan HSS Nakayasu. Pemilihan besaran debit banjir dengan membandingkan hasil analisis dari berbagai metode tersebut dengan kapasitas penampang sungai (full bank capacity), dengan debit rencana kala ulang 2-5 tahun. Berdasarkan hujan rancangan dan karakteristik DAS Coyo dengan luas 69,56 km2 , metode analisis debit banjir yang paling sesuai adalah HSS Nakayasu. Besarnya debit banjir rancangan Q25th = 255.31m3/det, dan Q100th = 327.70 m3/det.
Kadison’s antilattice theorem for a synaptic algebra
Authors: Foulis David J. , Pulmannová Sylvia
Published: March 2018

We prove that if A is a synaptic algebra and the orthomodular lattice P of projections in A is complete, then A is a factor if and only if A is an antilattice.We also generalize several other results of R. Kadison pertaining to infima and suprema in operator algebras.
On trigonometric approximation of functions in the Lq norm
Authors: Mohapatra Ram N. , Szal Bogdan
Published: March 2018

In this paper we obtain a degree of approximation of functions in Lq by operators associated with their Fourier series using integral modulus of continuity. These results generalize many known results and are proved under less stringent conditions on the infinite matrix.
Subcutaneous adipose tissue biology in metabolic syndrome
Authors: Jialal Ishwarlal , Devaraj Sridevi
Published: March 2018

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a common global problem that comprises the cardio-metabolic cluster and predisposes to both diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Although the pathogenic mechanisms have not been elucidated, both increased inflammation and insulin resistance play a pivotal role. It appears that both monocyte/macrophages and adipose tissue (AT) conspire to accentuate both the pro-inflammatory state and increased insulin resistance. Whilst there are scant data on visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) biology, there are data on subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) dysregulation. There is a significant increase in macrophages and crown-like structures in the SAT of patients with MetS. With respect to adipokines, there is an increase in plasma leptin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP-4), chemerin, serum amyloid-A, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-1, -6, -8, lipopolysaccharide, fetuin A (FetA) and a decrease in adiponectin and omentin-1. All of the abnormalities in plasma were also confirmed for SAT-secreted adipokines except for adiponectin and RBP-4 which derive largely from VAT. As many of these biomediators correlate with both insulin resistance and increased inflammation, we can posit that dysregulation of SAT is detrimental and contributes to both the pathogenesis of MetS and its sequalae. Furthermore, as future directions, much work is needed with respect to VAT/EAT biology, autophagy, sirtuins, the gut microbiome, browning of AT, to further elucidate this common syndrome and identify potential therapeutic targets to forestall its serious complications.
The origin and purpose of layers of subcutaneous adipose tissue in pigs and man
Authors: Hausman Gary J.
Published: March 2018

Adipose tissue exists in many locations or depots that differ from one another based on numerous and various characteristics. The unique “layered” anatomical feature of subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in man and the pig is reviewed and discussed. The origin of fetal pig adipose tissue subcutaneous layers is reviewed before the onset of adipogenesis and after the overt adipogenesis. Furthermore, the distinguishing characteristics of developing outer SAT layer (OSQ) and middle SAT layer (MSQ) in pigs are reviewed. These characteristics include adipocyte hypertrophy, metabolism and genetic regulation. The MSQ layer is the major layer in the pig and expands to the greatest degree in obesity and growth. Abdominal SAT in man is composed of deep SAT (dSAT) and superficial SAT (sSAT) layers. Clearly, dSAT expands disproportionally more than sSAT with increasing obesity in Caucasian males which precipitates a number of human pathologies associated with increased adiposity. We reviewed the considerable evidence that demonstrates the distinction between sSAT and dSAT which includes higher levels of saturated fatty acids (FAs) and greater levels of lipolysis in dSAT. Furthermore, dSAT expresses more metabolic and inflammatory genes. Studies comparing visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and dSAT indicate that both depots are implicated in insulin resistance (IR) and other human pathologies. Epigenetic studies of MSQ and dSAT have begun to indicate a role for DNA methylation in gene regulation of these depots. Further studies of dSAT and MSQ are warranted as they are clearly a major manifestation of obesity.
China’s New Long March to Control Illicit Substance Use: From a Punitive Regime towards Harm Reduction
Authors: Zhang Sheldon X. , Chin Ko-lin
Published: March 2018

Illicit substance misuse has become a serious problem in contemporary China. The number of officially registered illicit substance misusers totals close to 3 million, having increased every year since the government’s first annual report on drug control in 1998. In recent years, synthetic drugs such as methamphetamine and ketamine, have become more popular than heroin which was previously dominant. However, illicit substance use continues to receive little  sympathy from the public, despite government’s efforts to move towards treatment and rehabilitation. For many years, compulsory detoxification centers and “education-through-labor” camps were the only treatment options. More humane approaches are emerging, including methadone maintenance, therapeutic communities, and faith-based halfway houses. Government response to drug trafficking remains draconian. Drug distribution and trafficking are among the dwindling number of criminal offenses that qualify for the death penalty. For future drug control policy, China appears willing to accelerate its experiment with decriminalizing substance abuse and applying a public health approach to the treatment of substance misusers. Evidence-based treatment programs through scientific research and rigorous evaluation should be the norm, and harm reduction needs to be seriously explored as an alternative to the harsh criminal justice regime. More importantly, reliable and multi-faceted forecast systems need to be established to monitor and estimate the size of substance misuser population and trends in illicit drug consumption. Finally, China should continue to expand its international collaboration and insulate its counter-narcotic programs from global politics.
Composites containing bamboo with different binders
Authors: Mukbaniani Omari , Brostow Witold , Hagg Lobland Haley E. , Aneli Jimsher , Tatrishvili Tamara , Markarashvili Eliza , Dzidziguri Diana , Buzaladze George
Published: March 2018

We have obtained composites on the basis of dry bamboo powders and in turn several binders, including polyethylene (PE) and alkoxysilanes. The composites were studied by Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). Some mechanical properties were determined along with thermal stability by thermogravimetry; water absorption was also determined. FTIR results show formation of primary chemical bonds between bamboo surface active groups and the binders. Mechanical property improvement goes symbatically with the thermal stability.
Molecular cloning and in silico characterization of two alpha-like neurotoxins and one metalloproteinase from the maxilllipeds of the centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans
Authors: Xia Xichao , Liu Yang , Huang Jianxin , Yu Xiaozhu , Chen Zhiguo , Zheng Xinhua , Wang Fuan , Zhang Junfeng , Xue Shipeng , Cheng Zhaofei
Published: March 2018

Aims

In order to shed light of characterizations of centipede Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans venom, a two novel full-lengths of alpha-like-neurotoxin and one metalloproteinase cDNAs derived from the maxilllipeds RNA of centipede S. subspinipes mutilans were isolated, and, respectively, named as SsuTA1, SsuTA2 and SsuMPs.

Materials and methods

The SsuTA1, SsuTA2 and SsuMPs were cloned from the S. subspinipes mutilans using the rapid amplification of cDNA ends methods.

Results

In the current study, SsuTA1 and SsuTA2 were, respectively, composed of 82 amino acid residues and 106 amino acid residues. Deduced protein sequence of SsuTA1 shared high homology with that of SsuTA2, one major difference was the C-terminal 24-residue extension in SsuTA2. An abundance of cysteine residues and several adjacent beta-sheets were observed in SsuTA1 and SsuTA2. SsuMPs had 594 amino acid residues containing with a molecular mass of 68.29 kDa. The primary sequence analysis indicated that the SsuMPs contains a zinc-binding motif (HEIGHSLGLAHS) and methionine-turn motif (YIM). Phylogenetic analysis revealed early divergence and independent evolution of SsuTA1 and SsuTA2 from other α-neurotoxins.

Conclusion

The results suggested that centipede S. subspinipes mutilans is an ancient member of venomous arthropods, but its venom exhibits novel scenario.
Evidence for Photo-Switchable Carrier Mobilities in Blends of PbS Nanocrystals and Photochromic Dithienylcyclopentene Derivatives
Authors: Schedel Christine , Peisert Heiko , Chassé Thomas , Scheele Marcus
Published: March 2018

We use derivatives of the photochromic molecule 1,2-bis(5′-carboxy-2′-methylthien-3′-yl)-cyclopentene in combination with semiconducting PbS nanocrystals to probe the feasibility of solid-state optical switching in hybrid nanostructured thin films. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is applied to differentiate between the different constituents in the blends, while field-effect transistor measurements in the dark reveal the effect of prior illumination with visible or ultra-violet light on the transport properties. By analyzing the response of the electric conductivity, the carrier concentration and mobility separately, we are able to distinguish between the effect of additional photo-excited charge carriers and photo-induced changes of the electronic structure of the semiconducting film. Our results suggest that coupling between the nanocrystals and the photochromic molecule is weak but also provide evidence that photochromism of the molecules may be partially preserved.
Retraction
Authors: International ASTM
Published: March 2018

Original Article Title: A Study on the Effect of Plasma Treatment on Thermal Comfort Properties of Cotton Fabric

Original Authors: A. Jebastin Rajwin and C. Prakash

This article has been retracted due to copyright infringement.

ASTM International

Date Retracted: August 26, 2019.
Testing and Evaluation of Bond Surface Profile Influencing the CFRP Strengthening of Steel Members
Authors: Cyril Thomas A. , Baskar K.
Published: March 2018

The strengthening of steel structures using Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) is one of the most effective strengthening techniques based on recent research. Usually, FRP has good characteristics with regard to a high strength-to-weight ratio, chemical resistance, and corrosion resistance. Generally, steel-structure strengthening is accomplished by changing the inherent property of the section. Comparatively, the FRP strengthening technique has simplicity, lighter weight, higher strength, and greater durability. The strength of the FRP-strengthened steel member depends on the bond between the FRP and steel substrate. In the present experimental investigation, the bond strength between the FRP and steel substrate is studied for different surface profiles (SA 2, SA 21/2, and SA 3), which are prepared with two different types of blasting, namely, sand blasting and copper slag blasting. A series of pull-off and pull tests have been carried out to assess the bond strength between FRP and steel substrate. From the pull-off test results, the maximum average bond-strength values of copper slag–blasted test specimens are 39.37 (SA 2), 35.71 (SA 21/2), and 31.44 % (SA 3) higher than those of the test specimens prepared with sand blasting. In the pull test, the maximum average tensile strength values of the copper slag–blasted test specimens are 20.95 (SA 2), 29.51 (SA 21/2), and 37.30 % (SA 3) higher than those of the sand-blasted test specimens prepared with the same profiles. Thus, the performance of test specimens prepared with the SA 3 surface profile with copper slag blasting is potentially stronger than other surface profiles.
The Development of Retrogression and Re-aging to Manage Environmental Degradation in Australian Defence Force Aircraft
Authors: Crawford Bruce R. , Shekhter Alexandra , Loader Chris
Published: March 2018

This article describes a project in which the Retrogression and Re-aging (RRA) heat treatment was demonstrated to be a viable means of improving the corrosion resistance of 7075-T651 components of the Royal Australian Air Force AP-3C and C-130J-30 aircraft while maintaining the mechanical properties above the material’s A-Basis and preserving component functionality. This was achieved by a phased development process starting with the determination of the mechanical properties of the RRA-treated material and culminating in technology demonstrators on thick-section C-130J-30 lower ring segment components and a thin-section AP-3C component. This article describes the results obtained and the lessons learned during the process.
Instrumented Impact Testing of Miniaturized Charpy Specimens of AM Ti-6Al-4V
Authors: Lucon Enrico , Hrabe Nikolas
Published: March 2018

An investigation on the impact toughness properties of wrought and additively manufactured (AM) Ti-6Al-4V was conducted at National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Boulder by means of instrumented impact tests on miniaturized Charpy specimens. Full transition curves for absorbed energy and lateral expansion were obtained by performing tests in the temperature range between −196°C and 700°C. The effect of various parameters was investigated for AM specimens, namely specimen orientation, hot isostatic pressing (HIPing), and notch configuration (printed or machined). Our results indicate that AM specimens exhibit equivalent or better impact toughness than wrought material after HIPing and that the material is more resistant to cracks growing in the plane perpendicular to the build direction than in the plane containing the build direction. HIPing has a significantly beneficial effect for the AM material, while no effect of notch configuration was observed from the results obtained.
Does laminar position determine the receptive field properties of cortical neurons? A study of corticotectal cells in area 17 of the normal mouse and the reeler mutant
Authors: Lemmon V , Pearlman AL
Published: March 2018

The neocortex of the reeler (rl) mutant mouse develops abnormally; as a result, the orderly arrangement of cells in laminae containing neurons of similar size and configuration is severely disrupted. The reeler mutant thus offers an opportunity to study the role played by laminar position in establishing the interneuronal connections of the cortex. Since the receptive field properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex (area 17) are determined by these complex interconnections, a study of receptive field properties provides a useful way to test whether functionally important connections are altered by abnormal cell position. We chose the corticotectal (CT) cells of area 17 for this analysis because they have distinctive receptive field properties and can be identified positively by antidromic stimulation with electrodes in the superior colliculus. In addition, CT cells are located in a single lamina (layer V) in the visual cortex of normal mice, but are distributed from surface to white matter in the reeler visual cortex. We characterized the receptive fields of identified CT cells in area 17 of normal mice and reeler mutants and studied several properties of these cells quantitatively. Corticotectal cells in the visual cortex of the normal mouse have high rates of spontaneous activity and large receptive fields that are neither oriented nor directional; they respond to moving stimuli over a wide range of stimulus velocities, have high peak velocity sensitivities, and show very little spatial summation. Corticotectal cells in the visual cortex of the reeler mutant do not differ significantly in these characteristics, although CT cells with extremely large receptive fields are encountered somewhat more frequently in reeler cortex. These findings indicate that the detailed connections which determine the receptive field properties of CT cells are properly established in the reeler mutant mouse despite the markedly abnormal positions of CT cells in reeler visual cortex.
Embryonic development of identified neurons: origin and transformation of the H cell
Authors: Goodman CS , Bate M , Spitzer NC
Published: March 2018

We describe the origin and the transformation of a single neuron, the H cell, which assumes two different roles during grasshopper embryogenesis. The H cell originates from the single cell division of midline precursor 3 (MP3). In the metathoracic (T3) segment, the H cell first appears as one of a pair of central pioneer fibers and later transforms into an unpaired identified neuron. During the course of its transformation, the H cell loses its original morphology and acquires new morphological and physiological properties. The H cell acquires many of the same phenotypes as the first progeny of the median neuroblast (MNB); the processes of the first MNB progeny contact the soma of the H cell and these cells are electrically coupled prior to the H cell transformation.
Non-parathyroid hypercalcemia associated with paraffin oil injection in 12 younger male bodybuilders: a case series
Authors: Sølling Anne Sophie Koldkjær , Tougaard Birgitte G , Harsløf Torben , Langdahl Bente , Brockstedt Helle Kongsbak , Byg Keld-Erik , Ivarsen Per , Ystrøm Ina Karstoft , Mose Frank Holden , Isaksson Gustaf Lissel , Hansen Morten Steen Svarer , Nagarajah Subagini , Ejersted Charlotte , Bendstrup Elisabeth , Rejnmark Lars
Published: March 2018

Introduction

Injection of paraffin oil to augment muscles size is a troubling phenomenon known to cause a foreign body reaction with formation of granulomas. In a few case reports, long-term side effects have been reported in terms of hypercalcemia and renal failure.

Methods

We identified a case series of 12 male bodybuilders presenting with non-parathyroid hypercalcemia who previously had injected paraffin oil to increase muscles size.

Results

At admission, all patients had moderate-to-severe hypercalcemia with suppressed PTH levels and impaired renal function. Calcitriol levels were within the normal range or slightly elevated. Follow-up measurements showed marked hypercalciuria with nearly normal levels of bone turnover markers. A correlation was found between levels of peptidyl dipeptidase and calcitriol (R = 0.812, P = 0.050). Treatment with antiresorptive agents seemed less effective than glucocorticoids, which resulted in a significantly lowering of ionized calcium levels and improved renal function, although no patients were cured by this treatment. Immunosuppression with azathioprine or mycophenolate may have a glucocorticoid-saving effect. One patient had surgery with removal of affected muscle tissue, without any apparent effect on plasma calcium levels.

Conclusion

The hypercalcemia and associated hypercalciuria seems to be due to an intestinal hyperabsorption of calcium. It remains to be elucidated, whether an increased calcitriol synthesis within granulomas is the only (main) mechanism by which intestinal calcium absorption is increased. Glucocorticoids seem most appropriate as the first choice for treatment. Bodybuilders should be warned against use of intramuscular oil injections (and other substances), as this may have severe adverse health consequences.
Microstructural white matter alterations and hippocampal volumes are associated with cognitive deficits in craniopharyngioma
Authors: Fjalldal S , Follin C , Svärd D , Rylander L , Gabery S , Petersén Å , van Westen D , Sundgren P C , Björkman-Burtscher I M , Lätt J , Ekman B , Johanson A , Erfurth E M
Published: March 2018

Context

Patients with craniopharyngioma (CP) and hypothalamic lesions (HL) have cognitive deficits. Which neural pathways are affected is unknown.

Objective

To determine whether there is a relationship between microstructural white matter (WM) alterations detected with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and cognition in adults with childhood-onset CP.

Design

A cross-sectional study with a median follow-up time of 22 (6–49) years after operation.

Setting

The South Medical Region of Sweden (2.5 million inhabitants).

Participants

Included were 41 patients (24 women, ≥17 years) surgically treated for childhood-onset CP between 1958–2010 and 32 controls with similar age and gender distributions. HL was found in 23 patients.

Main outcome measures

Subjects performed cognitive tests and magnetic resonance imaging, and images were analyzed using DTI of uncinate fasciculus, fornix, cingulum, hippocampus and hypothalamus as well as hippocampal volumetry.

Results

Right uncinate fasciculus was significantly altered (P ≤ 0.01). Microstructural WM alterations in left ventral cingulum were significantly associated with worse performance in visual episodic memory, explaining approximately 50% of the variation. Alterations in dorsal cingulum were associated with worse performance in immediate, delayed recall and recognition, explaining 26–38% of the variation, and with visuospatial ability and executive function, explaining 19–29%. Patients who had smaller hippocampal volume had worse general knowledge (P = 0.028), and microstructural WM alterations in hippocampus were associated with a decline in general knowledge and episodic visual memory.

Conclusions

A structure to function relationship is suggested between microstructural WM alterations in cingulum and in hippocampus with cognitive deficits in CP.