bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Universities claim to value community-engaged scholarship: So why do they discourage it?
Authors: Bell Marissa , Lewis Neil
Published: September 2022

With current crises of academic relevance and legitimacy, there is a need for epistemic equity inherent to community-engaged research. Scholars in science communication and science and technology studies have analyzed, advocated for, and conducted public engagement in pursuit of this goal. However, despite desires to celebrate public engagement, US academic institutions and organizations often present barriers to meaningful community-engaged research. From tenure and promotion requirements, to lack of recognition and resources, universities in the American academic landscape are not currently organized to support such work. In this article, we offer a conceptual framework to examine the complex structural dimensions of academic institutions that have systematically discouraged and devalued faculty participation in community-engaged scholarship. We outline four such structural dimensions: interrogating epistemic biases, neoliberalist tendencies, gendered norms, and colonial-racist defaults. Our goal is to illuminate processes that could inform interventions to bridge the gap between academic aspirations for community-engaged work and current actions in the academy that undermine it.
The country-of-origin and country-of-operations effect on organised labour in multinational companies – exploring the role of labour relations models
Authors: Pološki Vokić Nina , Klindžić Maja
Published: September 2022

While research on managing labour relations in multinational companies (MNCs) has made great strides in recent years, large-scale quantitative comparisons of these companies’ behaviour and the extent to which this behaviour is shaped by country-of-origin and country-of-operations institutional effects are still in short supply. In this article we analyse organised labour activities in 18 countries via a sample of 1872 private organisations – 874 MNCs and 998 domestic organisations – using the Cranet survey database. Research results imply a weaker position of organised labour in MNCs than in domestic private organisations. MNCs from the Anglo-Saxon and Corporatist labour relations environment were found to adapt their labour relations practices to the local setting to a significant extent, while Mediterranean MNCs proved less adaptable. They all recognised organised labour endeavours to a greater extent when required, yet reduced their recognition of these when this was acceptable from a local labour relations environment perspective, implying opportunistic behaviour.
Colonic mucinous adenocarcinoma in a tufted deer: differential diagnosis and literature review
Authors: Gonzalez-Astudillo Viviana , Navarro Mauricio A. , Moore Janet , Uzal Francisco A.
Published: September 2022

An 18-y-old female tufted deer ( Elaphodus cephalophus) had a short history of chronic diarrhea, progressive weight loss, and hindlimb instability. Given the poor prognosis, the deer was euthanized and submitted for postmortem examination. The most significant gross finding was segmental and multinodular mural thickening of the proximal colon. On cut surface of the affected colonic segments, 0.5–2-cm diameter, intramural, multiloculated, cystic structures containing gray, translucent, gelatinous material elevated the edematous mucosa. Microscopically, the intramural cystic structures were filled with mucinous matrix admixed with foamy macrophages, and lined by discontinuous segments of well-differentiated columnar, pancytokeratin-positive epithelium with basilar nuclei. Multifocally, transition was observed from hyperplastic mucosal crypt epithelium to dysplastic or neoplastic columnar and flattened epithelium lining submucosal and serosal cysts. Cyst lumina were irregularly disrupted by polypoid ingrowths of collagenous tissue covered by attenuated epithelium. Based on these findings, we diagnosed a well-differentiated mucinous adenocarcinoma. Although intestinal adenocarcinomas have been described in humans and animals, they are considered uncommon in most domestic species, except for sheep, for which genetic and environmental factors appear to influence occurrence. Our report addresses the knowledge gap regarding intestinal adenocarcinomas affecting cervids and specifically the tufted deer, a less-studied, near-threatened Asian cervid.
Discrete optimal couple tracking: A control scheme for electrical-tuning of strong coupling piezoelectric energy harvesters
Authors: Morel Adrien , Pillonnet Gaël , Gibus David , Badel Adrien
Published: September 2022

In order to track the maximum power point of piezoelectric energy harvesters, an effective approach consists in designing interfaces able to electrically tune the harvester dynamics. Such interface should exhibit—at least—two tunable parameters in order to independently optimize the harvester damping and resonant frequency, that is, an electromechanical impedance matching of the real and imaginary parts of the electrical load. In order to optimize and control these two parameters, it is necessary to implement two control loops that simultaneously impact the harvester dynamics. Furthermore, these loops should combine quick convergence time with low-power consumption in order to react sufficiently fast to compensate for any shift in the vibration frequency and to consume only a small portion of the harvested power. In this paper, we propose a control-law based on the successive evaluation of couples of parameters in order to select the optimal one. First, we determine analytically the expression of a set of optimal couples valid for any two-parameters electrical interfaces. Thereafter, we prove that only a few well-chosen couples of parameters are sufficient to maximize the power on a large frequency band. The proposed methodology has been experimentally verified on a tunable interface, the short-circuit synchronous electric charge extraction. Combined with a strongly coupled piezoelectric energy harvester, we have been able to maintain the harvested power close to the maximal achievable power (i.e. >70% of the maximal achievable power) on a 20 Hz frequency band, with only five couples of parameters. Such approach allows to substitute a multi-parameters convergence algorithm by a single-couple of parameters convergence algorithm, greatly simplifying the algorithm and reducing its convergence time.
Do Patient Demographics and Performance Status Influence Opioid Dose in Cancer Pain?
Authors: Rowe Catherine E , Wong Aaron K , Buizen Luke , Hawke Justin , Le Brian
Published: September 2022

Context: There is limited evidence on the role of objective parameters in influencing analgesic use in cancer pain management.

Objective: To investigate the significance of objective parameters (age, male/female and performance status) in influencing opioid dose. Methods: We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional audit of adult inpatients with metastatic cancer at a major cancer centre from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2018, who were prescribed slow release opioids for cancer pain on discharge. Main outcome measures were demographics (age, male/female and performance status), oral morphine equivalent daily dose (oMEDD) and adjuvant analgesic use. Results: Of the 7,747 eligible records, 215 patient records fulfilled inclusion criteria. Older patients (≥75 years) received half of the median oMEDD dose (30 mg) compared to their youngest counterparts (60 mg oMEDD in age ≤50 years) ( P = .003). No significant differences were observed between oMEDD and male/female and performance status. Conclusion: Older patients are prescribed half the opioid dose compared to their younger counterparts. This highlights the importance of vigilance in opioid prescribing in the elderly in order to balance side effects with under treatment. Although no other significant relationships were observed, future studies comparing objective patient parameters with opioid prescription may uncover other at risk populations.
Managing the Challenge of Luxury Democratization: A Multicountry Analysis
Authors: Shukla Paurav , Rosendo-Rios Veronica , Trott Sangeeta , Lyu Jing (Daisy) , Khalifa Dina
Published: September 2022

Once the preserve of the elite, many luxury brands are now targeting the rapidly rising global middle classes. This “democratization of luxury,” understood as the perceived reduction in distinctiveness, exclusivity, and self-differentiation of luxury goods due to wider availability and access, has changed the luxury industry landscape substantially, and yet it remains an underexplored phenomenon in academic research. Building on the theory of network effects, this study focuses on how democratization influences the relationship between conspicuous signaling and luxury purchase intentions. Analysis of primary data (n = 1,156) from luxury consumers in developed (United States and Spain) and developing (China and India) markets with distinctly differing economic trajectories reveals the varying negative moderating influence of democratization. These negative effects of luxury democratization are more pronounced in developing markets (Study 1). Further, the findings highlight that consumer indulgence can help mitigate negative externalities associated with luxury democratization (Study 1) and identify its underlying mechanism through positive affect (Study 2). The multimethod approach demonstrated in this study sheds new light on consumer perceptions of luxury democratization and offers actionable implications for international luxury firms on managing this challenge in developed and developing markets.
A Pilot Study of the Gut Microbiota Associated With Depressive Symptoms and Sleep Disturbance Among Chinese and Korean Immigrants in the United States
Authors: Hope Chloe , Shen Natalie , Zhang Wenhui , Noh Hye In , Hertzberg Vicki S. , Kim Sangmi , Bai Jinbing
Published: September 2022

Context

Depression is prevalent among Asian Americans (AsA) during the COVID-19 pandemic, and depression often leads to sleep disturbance in this population. The gut microbiota (GM) plays a critical role in mental health and sleep quality, and the composition of the GM is largely unknown among AsA.

Objectives

Examine associations of the GM with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among Chinese and Korean American immigrants.

Methods

Depressive symptoms (PROMIS Short Form-Depression) and sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index [PSQI]) were collected via surveys. PROMIS measure T-score > 55 indicates positive depressive symptoms, and a total PSQI score > 5 indicates sleep disturbance. 16S rRNA V3-V4 gene regions were sequenced from fecal specimens to measure GM. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance and linear discriminant analysis effect size were applied to examine associations of the GM with symptoms.

Results

Among 20 participants, 55% ( n = 11) reported depressive symptoms and 35% ( n = 7) reported sleep disturbance. A higher α-diversity was marginally associated with lower depressive symptoms: Chao1 (r = −0.39, p = 0.09) and Shannon index (r = −0.41, p = 0.08); β-diversity distinguished participants between categories of depressive symptoms (weighted UniFrac, p=0.04) or sleep disturbance (Jaccard, p=0.05). Those with depressive symptoms showed a higher abundance of Actinobacteria, while those without depressive symptoms had a higher abundance of Bacteroidetes. No significant taxa were identified for sleep disturbance.

Conclusions

Gut microbial diversity showed promising associations with depressive symptoms and sleep disturbance among Chinese and Korean immigrants. Specific taxa were identified as associated with depressive symptoms. Future studies with a larger sample size are warranted to confirm our findings.
The essence of arrogance: A phenomenology of musical egotism
Authors: Coppola William J
Published: September 2022

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to investigate how egotism was experienced in the lives of 15 musicians and music professionals. Participants representing a broad range of musical backgrounds shared accounts spanning teacher–student, conductor–performer, peer–peer, colleague–colleague, and internalized relations with arrogance. Data collection included one-on-one interviews, collaborative phenomenological texts, and hermeneutic reflections. Through the process of epoché, phenomenological reduction, and imaginative variation, four themes materialized: (a) self-preservation, (b) other-relegation, (c) elitism, and (d) interpersonal harms. The essence of the phenomenon surfaced as the social negotiation of power. Participants identified egotism as stemming from one’s efforts to (re)gain or preserve power as they worked to strip power away from others. Given pervasive feelings of powerlessness, worthlessness, and trauma among participants, I argue that a sense of urgency in addressing egotism within music scholarship is necessary—particularly in the interest of supporting humane and ethical musical relationships.
Neurofilament-light and contactin-1 association with long-term brain atrophy in natalizumab-treated relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis
Authors: van Lierop Zoë YGJ , Noteboom Samantha , Steenwijk Martijn D , van Dam Maureen , Toorop Alyssa A , van Kempen Zoé LE , Moraal Bastiaan , Barkhof Frederik , Uitdehaag Bernard MJ , Schoonheim Menno M , Teunissen Charlotte E , Killestein Joep
Published: September 2022

Background:

Despite highly effective treatment strategies for patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), long-term neurodegeneration and disease progression are often considerable. Accurate blood-based biomarkers that predict long-term neurodegeneration are lacking.

Objective:

To assess the predictive value of serum neurofilament-light (sNfL) and serum contactin-1 (sCNTN1) for long-term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–derived neurodegeneration in natalizumab-treated patients with RRMS.

Methods:

sNfL and sCNTN1 were measured in an observational cohort of natalizumab-treated patients with RRMS at baseline (first dose) and at 3 months, Year 1, Year 2, and last follow-up (median = 5.2 years) of treatment. Disability progression was quantified using “EDSS-plus” criteria. Neurodegeneration was measured by calculating annualized percentage brain, ventricular, and thalamic volume change (PBVC, VVC, and TVC, respectively). Linear regression analysis was performed to identify longitudinal predictors of neurodegeneration.

Results:

In total, 88 patients (age = 37 ± 9 years, 75% female) were included, of whom 48% progressed. Year 1 sNfL level (not baseline or 3 months) was associated with PBVC (standardized (std.) β = −0.26, p = 0.013), VVC (standardized β = 0.36, p < 0.001), and TVC (standardized β = −0.24, p = 0.02). For sCNTN1, only 3-month level was associated with VVC (standardized β = −0.31, p = 0.002).

Conclusion:

Year 1 (but not baseline) sNfL level was predictive for long-term brain atrophy in patients treated with natalizumab. sCNTN1 level did not show a clear predictive value.
The continuation task and the model-as-feedback writing task in L2 vocabulary learning: Timing of model texts
Authors: Zhang Xiaoyan , Wang Min
Published: September 2022

This study examines the effects of the continuation task and the model-as-feedback writing task (MAFW) on English as a foreign language (EFL) vocabulary learning. Three classes of intermediate-level Chinese EFL learners were randomly assigned to a continuation group, a MAFW group, and a control group. Three aspects of vocabulary knowledge – written form, meaning and form, and grammatical functions – were each assessed by receptive and productive tests. It was found that (1) both tasks led to significant immediate and long-term development of word knowledge of written form, form and meaning, and grammatical functions; and (2) the continuation task showed superiority over the MAFW task in enhancing productive knowledge of written form, and receptive and productive knowledge of form and meaning as well as grammatical functions. Implications of these results for EFL vocabulary teaching are discussed.
Multilingual repertoires and identity in social media: Syrian refugees on Facebook
Authors: McEntee-Atalianis Lisa , Ateek Mohammed , Gardner-Chloros Penelope
Published: September 2022

Aims and objectives/purpose/research questions:

This study explores the linguistic resources used on Facebook (FB) by six resettled Syrian refugees in the United Kingdom. It investigates the multilingual varieties and scripts employed, their discursive functions and their role in the construction of identity/ies.

Design/methodology/approach:

The study employs descriptive linguistic and discourse-centred online ethnographic approaches. These are complemented with insights from interviews with the informants.

Data and analysis:

The data set consists of 2,036 FB posts. Multilingual posts were subjected to a two-stage analysis: the first identified the affordances of new technologies for Arabic/English bilinguals – describing the function of different languages and scripts. The second stage employed a thematic analysis to frame a subsequent investigation of the stances taken by posters to construct identities and boundaries between themselves and others.

Findings/conclusions:

The study reveals how FB supports the construction and negotiation of multidimensional, complex personae, particularly in countering mainstream/media representations. It is a platform on which posters are able to display bilingual creativity.

Originality:

This article demonstrates the affordances of social media (SM) for newly settled Syrian refugees engaging in transnational networks. It identifies, as yet, unreported bilingual creativity in varieties of Arabic and English, particularly the use of a previously unidentified script, Englarabic. It ties this analysis to the study of identity performance and negotiation, and reveals the contested status of those now living in a new nation.

Significance/implications:

The study reveals how Syrian refugees employ complex linguistic repertoires in computer-mediated communication (CMC). We argue that SM platforms afford a creative, ideological space for bilingual refugees, as they negotiate their multiple identities online following resettlement. The study identifies linguistic innovation, particularly in the use of code-switching and Englarabic. It has implications for all those researching multilingual CMC creativity and identity, as well as those involved in understanding, planning for, and experiencing refugee (re)settlement.
Sociodemographic differences in opioid use and recovery following ambulatory pediatric urologic procedures
Authors: Zhu Terry , Baker Zoë G , Trabold Melissa , Kelley-Quon Lorraine I , Basin Michael F , Vazirani Ragini , Chen Jiayao , Kokorowski Paul J
Published: September 2022

Our aim was to examine associations between sociodemographic factors and postoperative opioid use and recovery among pediatric patients undergoing outpatient urologic procedures. We retrospectively evaluated 831 patients undergoing ambulatory urologic procedures from 2013 to 2017 at an urban pediatric hospital. Patients were evaluated for days of opioid use and days until return to baseline behavior. Differences in outcomes by race/ethnicity, primary language, median neighborhood household income, and health insurance type were analyzed using negative binomial regression models. Overall, patients reported a median of 1.0 day (IQR: 2.0) of postoperative opioid use and 3.0 days (IQR: 6.0) of recovery time. After controlling for covariates, patients with non-English speaking parents took opioids for 26.5% (95% CI: 11.4–41.7%) longer and had 27.8% (95% CI: 8.1–51.0%) longer recovery time than patients with English-speaking parents. Hispanic patients took opioids for 27.5% (95% CI: 0.1–54.9%) longer than White patients. Patients with public insurance used opioids for 47.6% (95% CI: 5.0–107.4%) longer than privately insured patients. Non-English speaking, Hispanic, and publicly insured patients had a longer duration of postoperative opioid use than primarily English-speaking, White, and privately insured patients, respectively. Identifying these disparities is important for designing equitable postoperative care pathways.
Post-oxidation phenomena enhancement with scavenging and secondary air injection in exhaust manifold of a turbocharged GDI engine
Authors: Kumar Madan , Moriyoshi Yasuo , Kuboyama Tatsuya
Published: September 2022

A detailed investigation of post-oxidation phenomena by individual and combined effects of scavenging (VVT tuning) and secondary air injection (SAI) was performed. The 1-D simulation including a post-oxidation model developed by Stuttgart University as an international collaboration was used for investigation which includes the main exhaust gas species as CO, H2, and O2-based chemical reactions. Then, experimental validation was conducted on a 4-cylinder turbocharged gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine. From the results, it was noted that the post-oxidation can be actuated at limited operating conditions as higher overlap in moderated speed and load only when scavenging phenomena are considered. However, at lower overlap, it is restricted due to lower O2 scavenging even though the exhaust temperature meets the post-oxidation requirement. Also, the in-homogeneity observed at higher overlap that restricts the significant post-oxidation before the turbocharger upstream. On the other hand, the SAI mechanism can actuate the post-oxidation even at lower overlap if enough O2 concentration, exhaust temperature, and adequate mixing are attained. Hence, the post-oxidation zone can be extended to lower speed-load and overlap if both parameters as scavenging and SAI introduced together. This can possibly lead to better turbo-performance along with lower emissions. However, thermal efficiency needs to be compromised to some extent. It was also found that the effective post-oxidation can be actuated by SAI compared to scavenging-based phenomena if the same concentration of the O2 and temperature are maintained by both mechanisms. This appeared due to the fresh air continuously injected at the exhaust port even at the time of exhaust valve opening duration in SAI mechanism that allows the better mixing of O2 and hot unburned gas species. However, in scavenging-based phenomena, firstly, hot unburned gas passed through the exhaust manifold and then scavenged air follows which restricts mixing between scavenged air and unburned gas species.
Female archetypes in car advertising: the case of Audi
Authors: Rubio-Hernández María del Mar , Martínez-García Ángeles
Published: September 2022

The representation of women in advertising is based on constructs that have become consolidated in Western culture, giving rise to different archetypes that express the values and ways of thinking of each age. As in other media discourses, advertising resorts to elements, such as archetypes and myths, which shape the collective imaginary and are very effective devices, for they are recognizable to viewers and help to engage them. Specifically, this article focuses on car advertising, whose significance lies in the fact that it has traditionally been a sphere of male domination. In recent years, there has been a positive evolution towards more independent and autonomous female characters. Accordingly, this article analyses two of Audi’s most recent campaigns from 2016 and 2017 in order to observe how women are represented in car ads according to three fundamental aspects: visual semiotics (Arnheim’s Arte y percepción visual. Psicología del ojo creador, 2008; Casetti and Di Chio’s Cómo analizar un film, 1994; Van Leeuwen’s ‘Semiotics and iconography’, 2001), iconography (Cassirer’s Filosofía de las formas simbólicas, 1998); Panofsky’s ‘Iconografía e iconología: introducción al estudio del arte del Renacimiento, 1987) and symbolism grounded in a myth analysis of advertising (León’s Mitoanálisis de la publicidad, 2001).
Visualisation of hierarchical multivariate data: Categorisation and case study on hate speech
Authors: Kavaz Ecem , Puig Anna , Rodríguez Inmaculada , Chacón Reyes , De-La-Paz David , Torralba Adrià , Nofre Montserrat , Taule Mariona
Published: September 2022

Multivariate hierarchical data has an important role in many applications. To find the best visualisation that best fits a concrete data is crucial to explore and understand the relationships between the data. This paper proposes a categorisation – Elongated and Compact – of hierarchical data based on the inner shapes of the hierarchies, that is the connectivity degree of the internal nodes, the number of nodes, etc, that can be applied to any hierarchical data. Based on this taxonomy, we explore implicit and explicit layouts – Tree, Circle Packing, Force and Radial – to provide users with a complete view of the data. We hypothesise that Tree and Circle Packing fit with Elongated structures, and Force and Radial fit with Compact ones. In addition, we cluster multivariate features to embed them in the hierarchical layouts. Especially, we propose two different glyphs – one-by-one and all-in-one, and we bet for the one-by-one glyphs as the most suitable for showing the distribution of several features along with the hierarchical structures. To validate our hypotheses, we conducted a user study with 35 participants using a hate speech annotated corpus. This corpus comes from 4359 comments posted in online Spanish newspapers. The results indicated that users preferred the Tree layout over the other three layouts (Circle, Force, Radial) with both types of structures (EC and CC). However, when we focused the analysis only on Radial and Force layouts, both of them scored significantly higher with Compact than with Elongated data. Moreover, participants scored the one-by-one glyph higher than the all-in-one glyph, but the difference was not significant.
Online structural damage state identification of concrete arch dams under dynamic loads using a recursive TVARX approach
Authors: Qiu Jianchun , Zheng Dongjian , Xu Pengcheng , Cao Qiulin , Chen Zhuoyan , Xu Bo
Published: September 2022

Concrete arch dams have been widely constructed worldwide, and many of these dams are located in areas with high seismic activity. However, strong seismic loading poses a severe threat to concrete arch dams, and dams have the risk of suffering damage and the possibility of an ensuing dam break. In past decades, seismic and structural health monitoring has undergone rapid growth in the context of arch dams to track the operation state of arch dams under strong seismic loading. In fact, arch dams with damage caused by seismic loading normally exhibit nonlinear dynamic behaviors and time-variable dynamic properties. To effectively identify the structural damage state development of arch dams under seismic loading, an online damage identification method using a novel recursive time-variable autoregressive with exogenous (TVARX) input model was presented in this paper. To improve the tracking capability for the time-variable coefficients of the TVARX model, an adaptive adjustment algorithm of variable weighting factors was incorporated into the recursive least-squares method. In the proposed method, the predicted model residual, a damage index named the fit ratio (FR), the difference between fit ratios (DF), and a damage index based on the change in ARX model parameters (CH) were proposed to identify the presence of damage, damage area, and relative damage extent for arch dams. Eventually, the proposed approach was used for the online damage state identification of arch dams in a numerical simulation example and a shaking table test, and the identification results demonstrated the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
An unusual presentation of type III late onset multiple-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency leading to a review of its classification system
Authors: Eskell Matthew , Khan Hashim
Published: September 2022

Multiple-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (MADD) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder which can be split into three types. Type III MADD is associated with acute or subacute proximal muscle weakness and other variable non-specific features making it a challenging diagnosis for the clinician. This case report describes MADD in a 64 year-old lady, thought to be one of the latest first presentations of the disease. Unusually for this condition, the initial presentation was with dyspnoea. Furthermore, since this case provides further evidence that gene variants can predict age of onset, we advocate for further subclassification of type III MADD into late onset MADD (LO-MADD) when homozygous gene variants are present and very LO-MADD when heterozygous gene variants are found.
The Adult Offending Outcomes of Adolescents Who Have Perpetrated a Sex Offense: Is Sexual Offending in Adolescence Indicative of Things to Come?
Authors: Chouinard-Thivierge Stéphanie , Lussier Patrick , Charette Yanick
Published: September 2022

Being adjudicated for a sex offense carries significant social, legal, and penal implications that are almost unparalleled and adolescents are no exception to this differential treatment by the justice system. This highlights the relevance of providing criminal career information concerning future offending among adolescents who have a record for a sex offense as they age and become adults. Based on prospective longitudinal data collected from a sample of male adolescents enrolled in the Pathways to Desistance study ( n = 1170), negative binomial regression models are conducted to investigate the relationship between having a juvenile record for a sex offense and the frequency of general offending in early adulthood (i.e., 18 years old and over). Results show that adolescents who have perpetrated a sex offense have significantly lower levels of involvement in offending during early adulthood, whether based on official or self-reported data. Findings are discussed in terms of policy and theoretical implications.
Differential cryptanalysis of full-round ANU-II ultra-lightweight block cipher
Authors: Fan Ting , Li Lingchen , Wei Yongzhuang , Pasalic Enes
Published: September 2022

Lightweight ciphers are often used as the underlying encryption algorithm in resource-constrained devices. Their cryptographic security is a mandatory goal for ensuring the security of data transmission. Differential cryptanalysis is one of the most fundamental methods applicable primarily to block ciphers, and the resistance against this type of cryptanalysis is a necessary design criterion. ANU-II is an ultra-lightweight block cipher proposed in 2017, whose design offers many advantages such as the use of fewer hardware resources (logic gates), low power consumption and fast encryption for Internet of Things devices. The designers of ANU-II claimed its resistance against differential cryptanalysis and postulated that the design is safe enough for Internet of Things devices. However, as addressed in this article, the security claims made by designers appear not to be well grounded. Using mixed-integer linear programming–like techniques, we identify one-round differential characteristic that holds with probability 1, which is then efficiently employed in mounting the key recovery attack on full-round ANU-II with only 22 chosen plaintexts and 262.4 full-round encryptions. The result shows that the designers’ security evaluation of ANU-II against differential cryptanalysis is incorrect and the design rationale is flawed. To remedy this weakness, we provide an improved variant of ANU-II, which has much better resistance to differential cryptanalysis without affecting the hardware and/or software implementation cost.
Reinforced cementitious composite using viscose rayon fiber from textile industry waste
Authors: dos Santos Renan Felinto , Oliveira Fernando Ribeiro , Rocha Marcio Roberto da , Velez Rafael Aguilar , Steffens Fernanda
Published: September 2022

This study presents an analysis of the possible use of a viscose rayon (CV) fiber from textile industry wastes to develop a reinforced cementitious composite as an alternative for textile discharge valorization. Several techniques were used to characterize precursor fibrous waste material such as SEM, FT-IR, DSC, and TGA. The experimental studies were conducted based on a conventional cementitious mortar (control) and four different fiber contents (0.5, 1, 2, and 4 wt%). For mechanical behavior analysis, uniaxial compressive strength tests were carried out at different ages (7, 14, and 28 days after production). The results showed favorable CV fiber addition as reinforcement up to a maximum limit. The optimum concentration of fiber was 0.5 wt% (FRC0.5), which provided 28 days of higher compression strength. The addition of CV waste as reinforcement in cementitious matrix resulted in an improved compressive strength above 20.6% compared to the conventional non-reinforced mortar. Furthermore, CV fiber addition improved the ductile behavior of the new composite allowing a controlled failure, even after maximum rupture loading.
Significance of Cattaneo-Christov heat flux in Darcy-Forchheimer transport of nanofluid with entropy optimization
Authors: Alqarni Marei Saeed , Farooq Umar , Manzoor Umair , Imran Muhammad , Muhammad Taseer , Waqas Hassan
Published: September 2022

Darcy-Forchheimer transport of nanofluid comprising Ethylene glycol in Cattaneo-Christov heat flux across an extended cylinder with various slips is investigated in this paper. The influence of autocatalytic chemical reactions in the governing equations enrich the novelty of the proposed mathematical formula. The current challenge also includes an entropy minimization study of the governing equations. For the conversion of the nonlinear system to ODEs, a relevant transformations technique is used. For the calculation of a nonlinear set of linear equations, the bvp4c (shooting) method is coupled with the MATLAB program. Graphical drawings are used to examine the effects of the leading factors on occupied fields. The results demonstrate that a high magnetic parameter boosts the thermal profile while lowering the velocity. In addition, the velocity is reduced when the slip parameter is estimated. Furthermore, it was determined that as the thermal relaxation parameter was raised as the entropy number increases. The tabular data is included to support the current mathematical model.
CAROTIDSCORE.RU—The first Russian computer program for risk stratification of postoperative complications of carotid endarterectomy
Authors: Kazantsev AN , Abdullaev IA , Danilchuk LB , Shramko VA , Korotkikh AV , Chernykh KP , Bagdavadze GSH , Zharova AS , Kharchilava EU , Lider RYU , Kazantseva YeG , Zakeryayev AB , Shmatov DV , Kravchuk VN , Zakharova KL , Artyukhov SV , Bhand HK , Chernyavtsev IA , Erofeev AA , Khorkova SM , Kulikov KA , Lutsenko VA , Matusevich VV , Morozov DYU , Peshekhonov KS , Sultanov RV , Zarkua NE , Khasanova DD , Serova NY , Shaikhutdinova RA , Gavrilova OO , Alekseeva EO , Kleschenogov AS , Sukhoruchkin PV , Taits DB , Taits BM , Palagin PD , Lebedev OV , Alekseev MV , Belov YuV
Published: September 2022

Goal

Presentation of the first Russian computer program ( www.carotidscore.ru ) for risk stratification of postoperative complications of carotid endarterectomy (CEE).

Material and methods

The present study is based on the analysis of a multicenter Russian database that includes 25,812 patients after CEE operated on from 01/01/2010 to 04/01/2022. The following types of CEE were implemented: 6814 classical CEE with plastic reconstruction of the reconstruction zone with a patch; 18,998 eversion CEE.

Results

In the hospital postoperative period, 0.18% developed a lethal outcome, 0.14%—myocardial infarction, 0.35%—stroke. The combined endpoint was 0.68%. For each factor present in patients, a predictive coefficient was calculated. The prognostic coefficient was a numerical indicator reflecting the strength of the influence of each factor on the development of postoperative complications. Based on this formula, predictive coefficients were calculated for each factor present in patients in our study. The total contribution of these factors was reflected in “%” and denoted the risk of postoperative complications with a minimum value of 0% and a maximum of 100%. On the basis of the obtained calculations, a computer program CarotidSCORE was created. Its graphical interface is based on the QT framework ( https://www.qt.io ), which has established itself as one of the best solutions for desktop applications. It is possible not only to calculate the probability of developing a complication, but also to save all data about the patient in JSON format (for the patient’s personal card and his anamnesis). The CarotidSCORE program contains 47 patient parameters, including clinical-demographic, anamnestic and angiographic characteristics. It allows you to choose one of the four types of CEE, which will provide an accurate stratification of the risk of complications for each of them in person.

Conclusion

CarotidSCORE ( www.carotidscore.ru ) is able to determine the likelihood of postoperative complications in patients undergoing CEE.
Investigation of the effect of acute to chronic glycemic ratio on major amputation development after surgical thromboembolectomy in patients with acute lower extremity ischemia
Authors: Engin Mesut , Sunbul Sadik Ahmet , Tatli Ahmet Burak , Pala Arda Aybars , Ata Yusuf , Aydın Ufuk , Ozyazicioglu Ahmet Fatih , Yavuz Senol
Published: September 2022

Background

Acute limb ischemia (ALI) is an emergency vascular pathology in which perfusion is disrupted in the lower extremity and threatens extremity viability. The admission blood glucose (ABG)/estimated average glucose (eAG) value has recently been shown as a prognostic marker in acute cardiovascular events. In this study, we aimed to investigate the predictive role of an ABG/eAG value in predicting development of early postoperative major amputation after emergency thromboembolectomy operations in patients presenting with ALI.

Method

Patients who admitted to our hospital with ALI between November 01, 2016 and September 01, 2021 and underwent surgical thromboembolectomy were retrospectively included in the study. Patients who did not undergo postoperative limb amputation were recorded as Group 1, and patients who underwent major amputation in the early postoperative period (in-hospital), were recorded as Group 2.

Results

The median age of the 226 patients included in Group 1 and 72 patients in Group 2 were 58 (34–86) years and 69 (33–91) years, respectively ( p<0.001). In univariate analysis, in-hospital amputation was found to significantly correlate with age>70 years (odds ratio [OR]: 1.914, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.351–2.319, p<0.001), PAD (OR: 1.698, 95% CI: 1.270–1.992, p = 0.002 re-embolectomy (OR: 2.184, 95% CI: 1.663–3.085, p < 0.001), admission Rutherford class (OR: 0.762, 95% CI: 0.591–0.859, p = 0.032), admission time>6 h (OR: 1.770, 95% CI: 1.480–1.152, p = 0.009), ABG (OR: 1.275, 95% CI: 1.050–1.790, p < 0.001), and ABG/eAG (OR: 1.669, 95% CI: 1.315–2.239, p < 0.001).

Conclusion

According to our study, we can predict patient groups with a high risk of major amputation with the ABG/eAG value calculated from the blood values of the patients at the time of admission.
Gynecological Care for Women With Intellectual Disabilities: A Brazilian Study
Authors: de Mattos Leão Tainá , Paula Soares Raquel Barbosa , Capellari Cesar Augusto , Nisihara Renato
Published: September 2022

We aimed to identify the main challenges in the gynecological care and management of patients with intellectual disability by gynecologists. Gynecologists answered to online questionnaires about situations in which the professional reports their confidence in caring for patients with intellectual disability. Were studied 143 responses, 75% women. Among them, 53.8% felt apprehensive to conduct a routine gynecological screening, 60% were confident in advising about contraceptive services and examining the genitals. The greatest difficulty was indicating drugs to suppress menstruation and managing patients with severe intellectual disability. The female doctors were more prepared in the care of disability patients and recent certified gynecologists were more insecure. The main difficulty was time for examinations (39.2%) and the main solution was to improve medical training (64.2%). The main challenges of the gynecologist included the amount of time needed to provide clinical services, the lack of knowledge and skill; and ethical concerns.
Attentional load effects on emotional content in face working memory
Authors: Valenti Livia , Wada Pucci Isabella , Basso Garcia Ricardo , Jackson Margaret C , Galera Cesar
Published: September 2022

This study investigated the role of attentional resources in processing emotional faces in working memory (WM). Participants memorised two face arrays with the same emotion but different identities and were required to judge whether the test face had the same identity as one of the previous faces. Concurrently during encoding and maintenance, a sequence of high- or low-pitched tones (high load) or white noise bursts (low load) was presented, and participants were required to count how many low-tones were heard. Experiments 1 and 2 used an emotional and neutral test face, respectively. The results revealed a significant WM impairment for sad and angry faces in the high-load versus low-load condition but not for happy faces. In Experiment 1, participants remembered happy faces better than other emotional faces. In contrast, Experiment 2 showed that performance was poorer for happy than sad faces but not for angry faces. This evidence suggests that depleting attentional resources has less impact on WM for happy faces than other emotional faces, but also that differential effects on WM for emotional faces depend on the presence or absence of emotion in the probe face at retrieval.
Experience-driven meaning affects lexical choices during language production
Authors: Vogt Anne , Kaup Barbara , Abdel Rahman Rasha
Published: September 2022

The role of meaning facets based on sensorimotor experiences is well investigated in comprehension but has received little attention in language production research. In two experiments, we investigated whether experiential traces of space influenced lexical choices when participants completed visually presented sentence fragments (e.g., “You are at the sea and you see a . . .”) with spoken nouns (e.g., “dolphin,” “palm tree”). The words were presented consecutively in an ascending or descending direction, starting from the centre of the screen. These physical spatial cues did not influence lexical choices. However, the produced nouns met the spatial characteristics of the broader sentence contexts such that the typical spatial locations of the produced noun referents were predicted by the location of the situations described by the sentence fragments (i.e., upper or lower sphere). By including distributional semantic similarity measures derived from computing cosine values between sentence nouns and produced nouns using a web-based text corpus, we show that the meaning dimension of “location in space” guides lexical selection during speaking. We discuss the relation of this spatial meaning dimension to accounts of experientially grounded and usage-based theories of language processing and their combination in hybrid approaches. In doing so, we contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of the many facets of meaning processing during language production and their impact on the words we select to express verbal messages.
Engaging perioperative students in online learning: Human factors
Authors: Mehigan Sinead , Cenarosa Anne Slyne , Smith Roslyn , Zvavamwe Marionette , Traynor Michael
Published: September 2022

The aim of this article is to reflect on how a specific approach to teaching and learning – role-play and in particular the ‘radio play’ format – can overcome some of the alienation and barriers to student engagement that the necessity for online teaching can engender. The example used is a post-registration module in perioperative nursing delivered in a London University. Authors reflect on experiences of developing and implementing an activity designed to increase student engagement in an online session focussing on human factors in the perioperative setting. The aim of the session was to highlight the factors that potentially lead to clinical error in a way that engaged students and enabled them to relate learning to their own experiences. The challenge was how best to do this in an online setting. This article describes the use of an approach devised by AdvanceHE. Two student participants contribute their reflections to this article and focus on the extent to which the session facilitated a new understanding of the impact of human factors in a perioperative setting. These reflections suggest that the approach to the teaching employed was useful to participants and that it has promise as an online approach. The authors recommend evaluation of this approach.
An observational study to assess circulating nurses’ non-technical skills
Authors: Kalantari Reza , Zamanian Zahra , Hasanshahi Mehdi , Jamali Jamshid , Faghihi Aliakbar , Niakan Mohammad Hadi , Gheysari Somayeh
Published: September 2022

Background:

Non-technical skills are cognitive and social skills that are necessary for safe and efficient practices in operating theatre. These skills are inseparable parts of circulating nurses’ duties and help them have a good performance during surgical processes. Circulating nurses’ non-technical skills have not been closely measured, and much uncertainty still exists about the quality of their skills. This study aimed to assess circulating nurses’ non-technical skills.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted on 300 circulating nurses who worked in four public hospitals in Iran, during 2020. The data of demographics of the studied population were collected using a demographic questionnaire. Kalantari et al’s Circulating Practitioner’s List of Non-Technical Skills was used to assess the circulating nurses’ non-technical skills.

Results:

The situational awareness domain had the highest score, while leadership was the domain with the lowest mean score. There was a moderate positive relationship between the mean score of non-technical skills and the number of working years as a circulating nurse.

Conclusion:

Although the circulating nurses had a moderate level of non-technical skills, they had low scores in several behaviours. However, they did well in some other behaviours. Educational interventions and policymaking solutions can help improve circulating nurses’ non-technical skills.
A world waiting to be born: Charting a liberatory anti-war praxis
Authors: Keyel Jared
Published: September 2022

War is cruel. Its purpose is to cause suffering. American wars create survivors and victims who confront us with the penetrating gaze of those who demand justice. Their presence implores Americans to make ourselves responsible for the pain we have caused them. Meeting the obligation demanded of us by the millions of individuals we have caused to suffer requires developing a liberatory anti-war praxis informed by distinct ethical and political commitments. While neither exhaustive nor exclusive of other potentially complementary orientations and activities, I ground liberatory anti-war praxis in: (1) Commitment to praxis as a route to liberation; (2) Perpetual unsettledness toward the cruelties of war; (3) Ethical sensitivity to the victims of empire; (4) Dedication to facilitating liberatory peace; (5) Engagement with questions of pacifism, nonviolence, and liberatory self-defense. I locate liberatory anti-war praxis in the pacifist tradition, however anti-war praxis need not commit to absolute nonviolence. Each context is unique, and it is the prerogative of those suffering cruelty to pursue their own strategies and tactics of liberation.