bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Calibration of Pipe Friction Factor Based on Improved Genetic Algorithm
Authors: Zhou Rui Fen , Wang Yu Xue
Published: March 2011

This paper presents a method to calibrate pipe friction factor in oilfield water injection pipeline based on genetic algorithm. For the shortcoming, of basic genetic algorithms, genetic algorithm is made the corresponding improvements, this algorithm is improved global searching capability. Finally, a practical example verified the feasibility of the presented method.
Fastest Complete Vehicle Routing Problem Using Learning Multiple Ant Colony Algorithm
Authors: Wen Si Yuan , Li Ying
Published: March 2011

The objective of fastest completed vehicle routing problem (FCVRP) is to minimum complete time, this kind VRP problem was applied in emergency management and quick response supply chain management. Multiple ant colony algorithm for this problem is studied in this paper. The conception of FCVRP is given and then vehicle allocation method and objective function computing method are given to convert FCVRP problem to optimal alignment problem. At same time one local search method of this problem is introduced. Then learning multiple ant colony algorithm is bring forward to solve FCVRP and one numerical example is solved by this algorithm at last.
Effect of Elevated Temperature on the Flutter Characteristics of FGM Panel
Authors: Gao Yang , Yang Zhi Chun , Xie Jiang
Published: March 2011

This paper investigates the stability issues of functionally graded material (FGM) panels subjected simultaneously to both aerodynamic and thermal loads. Finite Element Method is employed to model the panel structures and the supersonic aerodynamics is calculated by the first-order piston theory. The critical buckling temperature elevation of the panels is at first predicted. The nonlinear static analysis of the panels is then implemented at certain interval of temperature elevation before buckling onset to obtain structural stiffness matrix. The flutter speed of the panels with updated stiffness matrix corresponding to a certain temperature elevation is estimated. The results show that the FGM panels can offer beneficial effects, especially prevention from buckling. However, if FGM panels integrated with TPS are to be applied on supersonic vehicles, one should pay more attention to the boundary conditions to guarantee the dynamic stability.
Experimental Research on Thermal Mechanical Behavior of Recycled Aggregate Concrete from Earthquake-Stricken Area
Authors: Yan H.Q. , Peng Ying , Wang Qing Yuan
Published: March 2011

Recycled aggregate concrete (RAC) is a kind of practical and economic material to reuse the great amount of construction and demolition wastes, which has received many discussions nowadays. In consistent with sustaining development, the recycled concrete that is made from recycled concrete aggregates could be a perfect solution to resource and environment preservation. Its thermal mechanical properties are different from other concretes as a result of different property of the aggregate of recycled concrete and other concrete. However, little research has been done under high temperatures. Therefore, on the basis of experimental research, the thermal mechanical behaviors and microstructure of recycled concrete are studied in this paper. The present paper deals with investigations on the effect of high temperature exposure on the compressive strength of recycled aggregate concrete cube specimens which are made from different proportion of recycled aggregate such as 0%、50%、100%. Experiments were conducted to study the compressive strength variations with increasing temperatures, up to 700 °C, and the subsequent cooling modes such as natural and spray cooling. Then micro-structural observations of the specimens by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were obtained. Based on the analysis of experiment results, it can be proved that it is feasible to apply recycled concrete to practical engineering.
The Effects of Bonded Retarder on Fatigue Crack Growth in 7085 Aluminium Alloy
Authors: Ma Yu E , Liu Bao Qi , Zhao Zhen Qiang
Published: March 2011

To improve damage tolerance performance, GLARE was used as bonded crack retarders in this paper. Fatigue tests were run with unbonded and bonded samples; then test results between them was compared. Thermal residual stresses had been studied. It was found that bonded crack retarders can improve damage tolerance performance and capability. Thermal residual stresses have a detrimental effect on the fatigue crack growth rates by means of increasing the effective R-ratio applied on the aluminium substrate. Finite element analysis was carried out and the result was in good agreement with the experimental data.
Research on the Multimedia Order System in Catering Services
Authors: Jiang Ying , Zhang Qiu Wen
Published: March 2011

At present as the improvement of the standard of peoples’ living, the consumption of the catering industry has increased continually. However, the daily operation of the traditional catering enterprises relies on the manual management. It is not only a waste of manpower, but also causes mistakes such as missing or repeating, which depress the efficiency of the management. It is exigent necessary to use the efficient computer management to improve efficiency. In this research, a systematic solution is provided. It introduces the designing and implementation for some key modules of the multimedia order system. Multimedia order system can be a very important part of restaurant management system. The application of this system will not merely bring the good economic benefits to food and beverage enterprise, and is favorable to the advanced science and technology popularization and application in national economy, bring good social benefit.
Experimental Investigation into the Buckling Behavior of an Advanced Grid Stiffened Plate by a Fringe Projection Profilometry System
Authors: Ren Ming Fa , Huang Qi Zhong , Chen Hao Ran
Published: March 2011

This article demonstrates the buckling behavior of an advanced grid stiffened (AGS) composite plate under an axial loading. The experimental results acquired by a fringe projection profilometry system shows that the buckling of the AGS plate would gradually evolved from a local skin buckling to a global ribs buckling during the experiment. Kinds of failure mode would arise while the loading increasing, though an impressive peak loading was recorded before the AGS plate was crush. The whole-field deformation of the AGS plate during the experiment was retrieved by the fringe projection profilometry system.
Effect of Refining Slag on the Inclusions of Hard Wire Steel during Melting Process
Authors: Li Yang , Jiang Zhou Hua , Yin Shi You , Zhuang Ying , Li Ming
Published: March 2011

The effect of the refining slag composition on the total oxygen content and inclusions in steel was investigated in 100 t UHP Electric Furnace – LF – Billet CC process. The test steel was 77B hard wire steel and Si-Mn alloy was used as the deoxidizer. Three types slag were used in the industrial tests, which including CaO-CaF2, CaO-CaF2 adding CaC and CaO-Al2O3 refining slag. The results shown that the lowest total oxygen contents of rolled bar can be gained using the CaO-CaF2 refining slag adding CaC, which is 0.0036%, while the total oxygen contents of rolled bar using CaO-Al2O3 refining slag is higher a little than the heats using CaO-CaF2 refining slag. The CaO-SiO2 and CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 compound inclusions with the size of about 5 μm are the main inclusions in the heats refining by the CaO-CaF2 refining slag in the rolled bar, but the pure, indeformable Al2O3 inclusion can also be found with the size of about 10 μm. The CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 and Al2O3-SiO2-MnO compound inclusions are the main inclusions in the heats refining by the CaO-CaF2-CaC refining slag, but most of the inclusion shape is irregular with bigger size of about 10 μm. Similar with the heat using CaO-CaF2 refining slag, the pure Al2O3 inclusion with edge angle can be found in the rolled bar. The inclusions in the rolled bar treated by CaO-Al2O3 refining slag are CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 compound inclusions, most of which are nearly globular shape with the relative small size of about 5 μm. All of the inclusions in rolled bar lie on the low melting zone in the CaO-Al2O3-SiO2 ternary phase diagram in the heats using CaO-Al2O3 refining slag. The similar condition appeared on the most of the inclusions in the heats using CaO-CaF2 and CaO-CaF2 refining slag adding CaC, while part of which are lied on the high melting zone. Therefore, considering of the plastic deformation ability, the CaO-Al2O3 refining slag is the best slag for the melting process of hard wire steel.
Influence of Cold Working and Grain Size on Pitting Corrosion Resistance of Ferritic Stainless Steel
Authors: Li Hua Bing , Jiang Zhou Hua , Ma Qi Feng , Li Zhen
Published: March 2011

The influence of cold working and grain size on the pitting corrosion resistance of Fe-Cr-Nb-Mo ferritic stainless steel is investigated using optical microscope and electrochemical methods. The pitting corrosion resistance firstly decreases with increasing the cold-rolling reduction from 0% to 30% due to the number of nucleation site increasing. With increasing the cold-rolling reduction from 40% to 60%, the disappearance of grain boundaries, stacked dislocation and uniform microstructure results in the pitting corrosion resistance of the steel. With prolonging the annealing time, the grain size of the steel grows, and the pitting potential of the steel decrease. The smaller grain size promotes the formation of compact passive film and improves the pitting corrosion resistance.
Simulation and Calculation to Segregation of High Nitrogen Steels Solidification Process Based on PROCAST Software
Authors: Li Wan Ming , Jiang Zhou Hua , Li Hua Bing
Published: March 2011

Segregation and liberation occur easily in high nitrogen stainless steels, which can result in the formation of pores and the discarding of the steels. So it is very important to investigate the segregation and liberation theory during the solidification process of high nitrogen stainless steels. In the manuscript, the pouring and solidification progress of high nitrogen steels ingots were simulated through Pro Engineer and PROCAST software. The dynamic variation of temperature field and pressure field were obtained. With the results of PROCAST, the macrosegregation of 20kg weight ingot and 1.7 tons weight ingot were predicted using mathematical model of zone segregation. The predicted results show that 20kg weight ingot has no obvious macrosegregation and 1.7 tons weight ingot has obvious macrosegregation, which is consistent with measuring results. It shows that the accuracy of simulation and calculation to segregation of high nitrogen steels solidification process based on PROCAST software is high.
Structural Deformations Analysis of Carbon Filament-Wound Composite Pressure Vessels under Internal Pressure
Authors: Zheng Xi Tao , Fan Xian Yin , Qu Tian Jiao , Gou Lin Hu , Cheng Yong
Published: March 2011

Filament-wound composites are more and more frequently used for pressure tanks and motor cases. It is essential to study their mechanical properties, especially the properties at peculiar shaped locations. A carbon fiber wound pressure vessel structure was chosen to investigate by experiment and finite element method in our program, respectively. Considering the vessel deformation, internal pressure load was added step by step so that the changing stiffness matrix and changing geometric conditions could be calculated in simulation process. In our experiment, the pressure vessel with strain gauges was tested under internal pressure to get strain data at some typical locations. And a finite element model was built with software ANSYS considering the structural deformation of the pressure vessel. Under internal pressure, it is found that fibers in the cylinder part of the vessel are in tension and fibers in partial dome region are bent and transversely compressed. The simulated results also are in good agreement with experimental results.
Localization of Partial Magnetization around Artificial Slits in Square Bars of Medium Carbon Low Alloy Steel JIS S45C
Authors: Uryu M. , Kida Katsuyuki , Honda Takashi , Santos Edson Costa , Saruwatari K.
Published: March 2011

Fatigue failure of steel occurs when cracks form and grow in the material’s stress concentration area. In order to understand the relation between stress concentration and crack propagation phenomena, non-destructive evaluation methods that can be related to in-situ measurements around the stress concentration area are necessary. In the present work, we developed a scanning Hall probe microscope (SHPM) equipped in a GaAs film sensor and observed three dimensional magnetic fields at room temperature in air. Medium carbon low alloy steels specimens (JIS, S45C) were used in the experiments. Only the area around the artificial slit had been magnetized and the effect of the magnetization area on the artificial slit was observed.
Structural Strength Evolution of Soil under Dynamic Load
Authors: Zhang Xiang Dong , Bai Yun Bo , Lan Chang Yu , Zhang Jian Jun
Published: March 2011

The present paper gives a detailed inferential reasoning to a new mathematical model for structural strength indicator of soil under dynamic load, which is established on the base of law of conservation of energy and strain energy transformed principle. Through dynamic triaxial test, it points out that the relation of principal stress difference and accumulation subsidence quantity exists threshold value and calculates the structural strength indicator change rule. According to the analysis of structural strength indicator variation rule, it lays emphasis on uniformity of structural strength indicator variation rule under different vibration times and draws the conclusion which is the increasing of the structural strength indicator.
Intelligent Flexible Reform Technology of Logistic Unified Information System Based on Internet of Things
Authors: Lin Xing Zhi
Published: March 2011

By analysis on the Internet Of Things (IOT), logistic unified information system as well as Intelligent Flexible Architecture technology of system and business flow, provides a intelligent flexible reform technology and realization method. Intelligent flexible reform technology of logistic unified information system is a solution for logistic system and business flow combining IOT RFID（Radio Frequency Identification）,Internet and CTI (Computer Telecommunication Integration), it uses business-aspect adjustment algorithm to form the flexible reform model of the system, and do the reform planning coordinating handling, realize the real time reform with IOT logistic business flow on conditions of unified information communication. Through business-aspect adjustment testing algorithm, it proves that the intelligent flexible reform technology of logistic unified information system based on IOT is feasible.
Logistic System Information Perception Model Building in the Environment of Internet of Things
Authors: Yang Yuan Li
Published: March 2011

Through the analysis on internet of things (IOT) technology, logistic information system and information perception technology, according to the requirements of modern logistic information technology and information status perception development in environment of internet of things, suggest the solution for building logistic system information perception model in the environment of internet of things. The logistic system information perception model is a combinational application of RFID （Radio Frequency Identification）, internet technology and telecom technology, to build a three layer system structure of physical layer, network layer and information perception, by KBI (Key Business Index) to connect precaution affairs for each monitoring object during the logistic business flow, represent the business status by evaluation according to the regulations, establish an information perception model integrated with four cycles of information collection, event normalization, correlation analysis of information as well as warning & processing, and by evaluation method of periodicity factor for logistic information perception to quantitively evaluate on each information perception model. By example of calculation of evaluation model for periodicity factor, the logistic system information perception model in the environment of internet of things proves to be feasible.
Research on the Key Technology of Polynaphthalene Sulphonate Preparation
Authors: Li Yun
Published: March 2011

Industrial naphthalene is the main material for the polynaphthalene sulphonate production, domestic industrial naphthalene supply is unable to meet increasing demand of the market, and has to be always relying on imports, the price is greatly impacted by overseas market price change, for recent years, industrial naphthalene price has been increasing all the time, therefore how to reduce the consumption of industrial naphthalene has be a current scientific and production subject. This project is based on the normal production process, given the key problems of low sulphonation level, poor polymerization of polycondensate and quick slump loss of polynaphthalene sulphonate during the polynaphthalene sulphonate production, provides some specific research and improvement and which proves to be satisfactory.
Research on EEG Identification Computing Based on Photo Images
Authors: Mu Zhen Dong , Hu Jian Feng
Published: March 2011

In the information era, information security becomes more important, the use of EEG as identification tool become more and more. In this paper, we used the subjects’ photos as stimulation. In order to obtain the Identification classifier of different subjects, we used AR model to convert the EEG signals from time domain into the frequency domain, used Fisher’ distance to extract the feature. Finally, we calculated the feature by using BP neural network. Through the analysis of the correct recognition rate, error recognition rate and false recognition rate, we achieved the purpose of using EEG as identification tool.
Burnt Microstructure and Properties of 7003 Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Chen Xiao Ming , Song R.G.
Published: March 2011

The microstructure and properties of 7003 aluminum alloy with and without burning have been investigated by means of electronic tensile machine, optical microscope (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the burning level of 7003 alloy increases while the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and yield strength (YS) for the alloy decrease with increasing the solution temperature. When the solution temperature is higher than 763 K, the UTS and YS for the alloy decline fast with wide-range. The remelting structure, namely burnt structure, appeared on the grain boundaries in 7003 aluminum alloy and then weaken grain boundary, hence resulting in the transition of fracture surfaces from transgranular fracture to intergranular fracture.
Air Compressor Plate Drum’s Reliability Analysis
Authors: Li Xiao Ying , Han Yan Bin
Published: March 2011

Based on the finite element theory, air compressor plate drum is analyzed in the rotating and loading circumstances. The maximum displacement sum was regarded as a random output variable, when plate angular velocity the elastic modulus, Poisson’s ratio density and equivalent centrifugal force were randomized, and were considered as a random input variable. Supposed all input variables are normal distribution. After Monto Carlo sampling is implemented one thousand times, the reliability and sensitivity of air compressor plate drum can be obtained.
Experimental Study on Melting Characteristics of Spherical Capsule Packed Bed Latent Heat Storage Material System
Authors: Cui Hai Ting
Published: March 2011

A laboratory equipped with the thermal energy storage unit utilizing the solar heat sources was designed and constructed. The spherical capsules which were filled with the phase change material (PCM) were installed inside the unit. The temperatures at inlet and outlet of the thermal energy storage (TES) unit and at the first through seventh layers of heat transfer fluid (HTF) were measured. Many groups of experimental schemes were designed to evaluate the storage unit’s performance. The effects of inlet fluid temperature and flow rate of HTF on the performance of the storage unit were analyzed. The experimental results showed that, with the inlet temperature and flow rate of HTF increasing, the time required to complete the charge process reduced constantly; the efficiency of thermal energy storage is consequently improved. The results provide the basis for designing, optimizing, and applying the TES unit.
The Fabrication of Highly Ordered TiO2 Nanotube Arrays and their Application in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
Authors: Xu Hong Mei , Liu Yong , Wang Hai , Zhao Wen Xia , Huang Hong , Liang Chao Lun , Ye Qi Hong , Li Ming , Deng You Jun , Shen Hui
Published: March 2011

Highly ordered closely packed TiO2 nanotubes were successfully fabricated by anodization of Ti foils in ethylene glycol-based electrolytes. For an identified electrolyte, the dependence manner of the nanotube dimension to the anodization parameters, including anodization voltage and time were systematically investigated. The inner diameter depends linearly on the anodization voltage but is time independent. The morphology of the tube is relative to the anodization voltage. The tube length is closely relative to the anodization time. Keeping the anodization voltage, the length will increase with the time rising to an extent and then maintain a relatively steady value. Longer nanotubes will be obtained when the anodization voltage is higher for a determined time. TiO2 nanotube-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) were fabricated. The results showed that the conversion efficiency was related to the tube dimension. The optimum efficiency of 4.25% is obtained.
Synthesis of Porous Molybdenum Disulfide Materials with High Specific Surface Area Using Sodium Chloride as the Template
Authors: An Gao Jun , Xiong Chun Hua , Lu Chang Bo , Chen Zhao Jun
Published: March 2011

One novel, simple and convenient synthetic approach has been proposed to prepare the porous molybdenum disulfide materials by utilizing ammonium tetrathiomolybdate as the precursor and sodium chloride as the template. The as-synthesized products were characterized by X-ray powder Diffraction (XRD), Low-temperature N2 Adsorption (BET method), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The characterization results reveal that the as-synthesized molybdenum disulfide material has high specific surface area (253.5 m2/g).
Preliminary Investigation of Polyethersulfone/MCM-22，49，56 ‘Family’ Zeolites Composite
Authors: Jiang Dong , Zhang Xiao Ran , Ma Cheng You , Wang Hong Su
Published: March 2011

The blends of Polyethersulfone (PES) and MCM-22，49，56 were prepared by melt mixing in a Brabender-like apparatus. The specimens for measurements were made by compression molding under pressure and then were water-quenched at room temperature. The miscibility behavior of PES and MCM-22，49，56 was examined using differential scanning calorimeter (DSC), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and density.
Detection and Linking Algorithm Based on Improved Snake Model for Pores with Weak Contour
Authors: Yu Jian Feng , Zhu Yu , Ding Xian Yun , Zhang Chen
Published: March 2011

For the pores edge detecting of the Activated Carbon Fibers (ACF) material images, traditional approaches are difficult to obtain the complete edge information. Snake algorithm is a reasonable approach for edge detection. An improved initial contour Snake model is proposed in this paper. A rectangle is first located to surround the edge to be detected instead of drawing a series of points as initial contour. Then, we map these points on the rectangle to the edge surrounded according to certain rule to constitute the initial contour. After the mapping strategy, Snake algorithm is used to iterate the initial contour. Experiments show that complete pores edge information are achieved. Based on the edge pixels, the area of each pores can be calculated easily.
Strength Prediction and Test of FRP Composite Laminates with Central Hole
Authors: Zhang Jian Yu , Sun Chong Qiang , Fei Bin Jun
Published: March 2011

In order to research the static properties of FRP composite laminates with central hole, the numerical simulation and experimental method are used. The simulation is achieved by the finite element analysis tool with the progressive damage method. During the simulation, the Hashion failure criteria and the selective completed material degradation models are adopted. Proper specimens of FRP composite laminates with central hole are prepared and the static tests are carried out. The results indicate that progressive damage method can simulate the failure process of FRP laminates with central hole and the simulative results agree well with the experimental data.
Synthesis and Characterization of Ti, Fe-Doped Mullite-II
Authors: Tong Lin Xin , Li Jin Hong , Cao Jian
Published: March 2011

. A series of gels with 3Al2O3•2SiO2 were prepared by Sol-gel method and heated at several temperatures for 2 h to synthesize Ti, Fe-doped mullite. The received powers with highest amount of TiO2 and Fe2O3 additive in range of 3.7-5.6 % and 12.5-15.9 % respectively as starting materials were characterized using X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopies (SEM) and energy dispersive spectrometry(EDX). Fe3+ and Ti4+ cation has been incorprated into the crystal lattice of mullite unevenly. The overall trend of Ti, Fe-doped mullite powers with additive amount changing is Δa>Δb>Δc(Except sample 5.6Ti-1350 is Δb>Δa>Δc owing to its excess amount of TiO2), and the relative change of Ti, Fe-doped mullite powers is Δc（%）>Δb（%）>Δa（%）(Except sample 5.6Ti-1350 and 15.9Fe-1350 is Δb（%）>Δc（%）>Δa（%） with the maximum amount of dopant ions).
Preparation and Characterization of Magnetic Toner Particles by Direct Polymerization Method
Authors: Duan Yu Feng , Fu Zhao Xia
Published: March 2011

In this study a kind of black toner, containing polymer, magnetic iron oxide pigment, and several other additives, was prepared by a suspension polymerization method. The morphology, influence factor of particle size, and glass transition of prepared toner were discussed. SEM image showed that the produced micron-sized particles have a spherical surface and the various chemicals were mixed into monomers during manufacturing of the particles. Discussion about particle formation and stability concluded that the toner particle size related with stabilizer concentration, stirrer speed, and crosslinking agent concentration. The bigger particles, resulted from droplets coalescence during polymerization process, disappeared when enough PVA stabilizer was used in the aqueous medium. .Increasing the stirrer speed corresponded to the decrease of the particles size. But any increase in stirrer speed t did not contribute to size reduction in small particles below 2μm. It was found that particle size decrease with the addition of crosslinking agent. The DSC result indicated the glass transition of polymerized toner could be effectively adjusted according to Fox equation through change the monomer ratio.
Structure, Optical, Temperature Dependent Electrical Properties of P-Type Conduction in N–Al Codoped Zn1-XMgXO Films by Ultrasonic Spray Pyrolysis
Authors: Zhang Xia , Liao Qiu Hui , Chen Hong , Yan Zhi , Yu Zhi Shui
Published: March 2011

Four series of thin films have been deposited as the precursory sources of Zn(CH3COO)2, Mg(CH3COO)2, NH4CH3COO and AlCl3 aqueous solutions using ultrasonic spray pyrolysis (USP) method. The crystalline structure, morphology images, electrical, optical properties of the films are characterized by x-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission-scan electron image (FE-SEM), Hall-effect measurement and photoluminescence (PL). From the XRD patterns and SEM images, we can see that all the films present good crystallinity and surface uniformity. Hall-effect measurement results indicate that ZnO is n-type, while N-Al codoped ZnO and N-Al codoped Zn1-xMgxO exhibit p-type conduction. Temperature dependent of electrical measurement is carried out from 300K to 500K, then the conductive mechanism and carriers scattering are analysed. Furthermore, the photoluminescence peak of Zn1-xMgxO is tuned into shorten wavelength than pure ZnO (λ＝379－352＝27nm), and also the same phenomenon of the p-type Zn1-xMgxO film exhibits blue-shifted behavior from 378nm to 356nm compared with p-type ZnO film (λ＝378－356＝21nm). In other word, the p-type Zn1-xMgxO film shifts to a shorter wavelength of 356 nm while maintaining excellent electrical performances.
Design and Impelemation of Two Switchable Chaotic Systems
Authors: Fan Wei , Wang Zhong Lin , Xu Ming Qing , Wang Ai Feng
Published: March 2011

A new chaotic system is built which is consists of two subsystems. A subsystem is analyzed such as equilibrium, eigenvalue, Lyapunov, dimension and Lyapunov exponent. A practical circuit is designed to realize the system and the experimentation is carried out. The manifold chaotic attractor of the two subsystems is observed in the oscillograph, it is good agree with simulation.
Research of Correlation Tracking Algorithm Based on the Function of the Minimum Average Absolute Difference
Authors: Dong Hui Ying , Liu Qian , Chen Sheng Fu
Published: March 2011

A Correlation tracking algorithm based on the function of the minimum average absolute difference is studied. It aims to search the biggest corresponding parts of the minimum average absolute difference in the next frame image using pixel gray values of part of image region as a template to match and solve the target motion parameters. The matching criterion is small computation, simple operation and can reduce the computing time, improve the algorithm running efficiency. The test to track the car running on the road using this tracking algorithm is presented. The experimental result shows that this algorithm can be very good to track the moving car and the magnitude of tracking window deviating from the moving car is very small.
Cost Estimation of Post-Earthquake Rehabilitation of Industries Based on BP Neural Network
Authors: Wang Yan Ru , Zhang Mao Yu , Xia Yu
Published: March 2011

After the destructive earthquake, it is urgent that the damaged houses, infrastructure and industrial projects and other related equipment and facilities are to be rehabilitated and restored. How to carry out reconstruction investment plans of various sectors became a major concern to the government. To meet the needs of rapid recovery of production and life in affected areas, the method based on BP neural network is proposed to estimate the post-earthquake rehabilitation cost of industrial, agricultural and service projects. That method considers the macro-economic characteristics of every damaged area. It can provide some guidance for the government that need to make decisions of post-earthquake recovery and reconstruction plans.
The Motive Mechanism of the Development of Competitive Sports by Synergetic View
Authors: Pei De Chao , Li Guo
Published: March 2011

Based on the theories of System and Synergy, by analyzing Competition phenomenon and Synergies phenomenon in the development of Competitive Sports to seek the motive mechanism of Competitive Sports. Conclusion: (1) Competition and Synergy between Athletes are the driving forces of the Competitive Sports. (2) Order parameters—-Competitive Sports Theory which can disclaimer system elements are formed in the development process of Competitive Sports. Suggestion: (1) Adjusting system’s external control parameters to promote competition between system elements; (2) Promoting cooperation of athletes and coaches to seek common improvement; (3) promoting the application of the theory of competitive sports and displaying its control functions.
Thinking on the College English Curriculum (2004) and the Multimedia-Aided Teaching in College English
Authors: Wang Wen Hui , Zou Xin Sheng
Published: March 2011

College English Curriculum (2004) (CE Curriculum hereafter) is issued by China’s Ministry of Education. As a top-down document, it acts as a guide for colleges and universities nation-wide to formulate a school-based curriculum in the light of their specific circumstances. Compared with the previous counterparts, it is a more balanced and democratic national curriculum. Although the present curriculum is for trial implementation, the course rationale is sound and the curriculum is of greater flexibility.
The Aesthetic Appreciation of the Epochal and National Character of Competitive Martial Art Routines
Authors: Zheng Wei Na
Published: March 2011

With the temporal aesthetics as the mainstream background, the aesthetics appreciation of competitive martial art routines reflects obviously the characteristic of aesthetic globalization, which is just as same as the aesthetic characteristic of the programs mainly based on skills. While the competitive martial arts also inherited the essence of Chinese traditional aesthetics，that’s to say, pursuing artistic conception and the beauty of skills. After 2008, in order to promote the Olympic process of competitive martial art routine, we must enhance the aesthetic values of it in the whole world. When facing the two distinct characteristics of competitive martial arts’ fixed routine—epochal spirit and nationality, whether we choose just one or both is worthy of thinking. Zhang Dainian, Cheng Yishan pointed out in the book the Debate of Chinese Culture and Culture Theory that culture has both the characteristics of epochal spirit and nationality and the relationship between the two characteristics is general and specific. Cultures of different ethnic groups in the same era have the same epochal characteristics, which is general. And different ethnic groups have their own national features in the same era, which is specific. With the changes of the needs of current time, the aesthetics of martial arts becomes more and more important and especially the aesthetics for the fixed routine of competitive martial arts should adhere to the Olympic motto, “higher, faster, stronger” and it should also attract more audience, make more people appreciate its beauty and embodies higher aesthetic value. Competitive martial arts was not a formal program in Beijing 2008 Olympic Games, however, it doesn’t mean that it will never enter the Olympics. This article analyzes the aesthetic situation from the perspectives of temporal spirit and nationality, searching further for a breakthrough of the development of competitive martial arts’ fixed routines.
Research on the Courses Setting of Undergraduate Physical Education in China
Authors: Fang Qian Hua , Kang Hui
Published: March 2011

The use of literature, survey interviews, comparative and other research methods, a comprehensive analysis of Physical Education undergraduate technical courses setting conditions, the results show that the technical courses in physical education majors in an important position, but In recent years Technical Course hours are on a downward trend; enhance the Physical Education Major of course construction, need to focus on technical elective and required courses in a reasonable setting, to strengthen technical subjects main course construction, attention to developing basic technical skills and enhance the technical courses of teachers. This article aims to further deepen the new era of Undergraduate Physical Education Major of reference for curriculum reform.
Preparation and Characterization of the Core/Shell Structured of CdTe/Ni Fluorescent-Magnetic Particle
Authors: Xu Shi Chao , Yang Yue Qian , Liu Yan Shan , Miao Heng , Dong Mei , Yang Juan , Zhang Ji Mei , Dai Zhao , Zheng Guo , Sun Bo , Sun Shu Qing , Jiang Zhen Zhong
Published: March 2011

The niclel nanoparticles were prepared via polyol process with hydrazine hydrate as reductant, the optimum conditions were investigated and proposed to be the molar ratio of NiCl2: NaOH: Hydrazine hydrate =1: 2: 11, 60 °C, pH5.5. The qualified fluorescent-magnetic dual functional CdTe/Ni nanoparticles were synthesized via layer-by-layer (LBL) technique, Ni was designed to be magnetic core and CdTe was used as fluorescent shell material, the molar ratio of CdTe:Ni is 4.5:1. The morphology of the Ni nano particles and CdTe/Ni core shell dual functional nano particles were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and optical properties were investigated with fluorescence spectrum (FS) and ultra violet spectrum (UV). The synthesized CdTe/Ni nanoparticles showed yellow fluorescence when excited at 365nm, CdTe/Ni magnetic core shell QDs can be simply precipitated with a common magnet. TEM data indicated that ~15nm of Ni nanoparticles were obtained and ~25nm of CdTe/Ni core shell dual functional nanoparticles were prepared. Red shift of maximum absorbance peak was detected via UV, and these results inferred the QDs growth, moreover, 40nm red shift of maximum emission wavelength from 530nm to 570nm was observed, and which showed the growth QDs and formation of CdTe shell. The prepared magnetic core shell CdTe/Ni nanoparticles showed excellent optical properties, and it is expected to be useful and helpful in DNA sensing based on fluorescence resonance energy transfer, biological separating, and DNA labeling process.
A Computational Algorithm for a Spatial Serial Robot
Authors: Huang Xi Guang
Published: March 2011

The inverse kinematics of serial robots is a central problem in the automatic control of robot manipulators. The aim of this paper is to obtain a computational algorithm to compute the inverse kinematics problem of a spatial serial robot. We use a series of algebraic and numeric transformations to reduce the problem to a univariate polynomial equation. The results can be directly applied to symbolic calculations and decreased considerably the calculation time.
Investigation on the Bonding Mechanism of M42 Powder High-Speed Steel and 45 Steel
Authors: You Hang , Wang Xian Rui , Liang Cui , Ding Xiao Qin , Han Xiao Yun , Xu Jin Fu
Published: March 2011

The sintering of M42 P/M high speed steel followed by jointing to 45 steel had been accomplished at one step by using spark plasma sintering (SPS) technique. Based on the traditional diffusion theory and the designed structure of M42/45 steel joint, the bonding mechanism and models with the interface forming process of the bimetal have been proposed systematcally. The jointing and valuation of M42/45 steel interface are a comprehensive synergy process between fusion and diffusion mechanism. The former one takes priority at the early sintering process, while the later one becomes dominant over the followed sintering process.
The Analysis and Research on the Reliability of Concrete Pavement
Authors: Zhang Zhao Qiang , Yang Zhong Guo
Published: March 2011

As the uncertainty of the influencing factors including the vehicle load and road environment and the complexity of road structure design parameters making the structural design of concrete pavement does not match with the actual existing situation, therefore, how to further improve the existing pavement design methods and how to scientifically and reasonably evaluate the reliability of the existing pavement performance have been a hot issue among academics and engineers at home and abroad. This paper analyzes and summarizes results of recent studies on the basis, combining with the actual situation of concrete pavement project, and carries out a more in-depth systematic study on the reliability analysis of concrete pavement. By studying the basic theory of engineering structure reliability, this paper proposes analysis methods of pavement reliability which are appropriate for the characteristics of pavement structure.
Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of Wollastonite/SBR Composite
Authors: Meng Xiang Hai , Zhang Yi He , Wang Fan , Zhang Zhi Lei , Zhang Rui , Lv Feng Zhu , Zhou Feng Shan
Published: March 2011

The wollastonite with fibrous structure can be used as the filler in the composite. In this paper, the composite was prepared by incorporating the wollastonite into butadiene styrene rubber (SBR) matrix through the mechanical agitation and roll mixing technologies. Mechanical properties of SBR filled with different amount of wollastonite content were studied and compared. It was shown that the mechanical properties of SBR filled with wollastonite could be improved significantly. The tensile strength and elongation at break were increased with the increase of the wollastonite. The tensile strength could be enhanced from 4.1MPa to 5.0MPa, and the elongation at break from 389% to 572%.
Investigation on Mixed Mode Stress Intensity Factors for Inclined Surface Crack in Finite-Thickness Plates and Parameters Influence
Authors: Xie Wei , Tu Shao Wei , Huang Qi Qing , Yin Zhi Ping
Published: March 2011

In this paper, mixed mode stress intensity factor (SIF) solutions are computed for inclined surface cracks in finite-thickness plates. The S-version finite element method (S-FEM), which is an adaptive method and multi-scale computing method, are employed in the analyses. When S-FEM is applied to solve the fracture problem, local mesh model including cracks can be built independently from the global mesh model for modeling overall structure. The local model is superposed on the g- lobal one. Therefore, it is easy to introduce cracks in an existing mesh model. The influences of inc- lination angles, crack shape and plate thickness on the mixed mode fracture solution were investiga- ted. The solutions presented can be used to assess fail/safe conditions and fatigue crack growth for the three-dimensional cracks studied.
Image Classification for Steel Strip Surface Defects Based on Support Vector Machines
Authors: Yu Yong Wei , Yin Guo Fu , Du Liu Qing
Published: March 2011

In order to realize less time consuming and on-line image classification for steel strip surface defects, an improved multiclass support vector machine (SVM) was proposed. The SVM used a novel algorithm and only constructed (k-1) two-class SVMs where K is the number of classes. In the testing phase, to identify the surface defects it used a new unidirectional acyclic graph which had internal (k-1) nodes and k leaves. Its testing time is less than traditional multiclass SVM method. The experiment results shows that this method is simple and less time consuming while preserving generalization ability and recognition accuracy toward steel strip surface defects.
Study on Integrated Properties of PP Composites Filled with Rice Husks Powder
Authors: He Chun Xia , Liu Jun Jun , Xue Pan Fang , Gu Hong Yan
Published: March 2011

The influence of the rice husks powder (RHP) content and its particle size distribution on the composite’s tensile strength, fracturing elongation ratio, flexural strength and flexural elastic modulus has been investigated. Respective water absorption and thermal properties of PP composites incorporated with different proportion of RHP have also been analyzed. The microstructure of fractured surfaces was further observed in scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results showed that the composites with RHP of 245 μm have higher mechanical properties. The tensile strength and fracturing elongation ratio decrease with the increase of RHP content, and reach peak values in 30% RHP content. Water absorption and volume expansion ratio of the composite increase with the increasing of RHP content. Flexural strength and flexural modulus decrease after water absorption. When PHR content is low, the RHP particles are well distributed and the interface of RHP and PP is smooth. When PHR content is higher, the RHP particles tend to agglomerate, leading to poorer interface and lower mechanical properties, the composite failed with brittle fracture.
Study on the Structure and Property of Ultra-Fine Denier PET Full Drawing Yarn: Effect of Draw Ratio and Take-Up Velocity
Authors: Shen Feng Lei , Chen Guo Qiang , Ding Jiang Zhong , Dai Ju Yan , Yu Xiu Feng
Published: March 2011

The effect of draw ratio and take-up velocity on the structure and property of the ultra-fine denier PET full drawing yarn (PET-FDY) with monofilament linear density equal to 0.38dTex was studied in this paper. The crystalline structure and crystalline size were determined by XRD method and size was reduced with increase of draw ratio. The orientation of whole molecular chain was determined using sonic velocity method. The mechanical properties and boiling water shrinkage were also examined. Draw ratio had greater influence on the boiling water shrinkage than take-up velocity did.
The Asymptotic Homogenization Method of the Settlement Calculation of the Cement-Soil Pile Composite Foundation
Authors: Guo Ming Qin , Li Jie , Ma Shi Cheng , Liu Zhi Lin
Published: March 2011

The finite element calculation model of the cement-soil pile composite foundation based on asymptotic homogenization theory has been built, under the state of three-dimensional stress, the equivalent elastic parameter of the composite elastic foundation model has been calculated, and depending on which, the settlement quantity has been calculated. Analysis through comparison with the testing result shows that it is feasible to use the homogenization method for calculating the settlement quantity of the composite elastic foundation, which sets up a theoretical basis for further analysis of homogenization method about composite foundation.
Noise-Robust Speech Recognition Based on RBF Neural Network
Authors: Hou Xue Mei
Published: March 2011

Considering the actuality of current speech recognition and the characteristic of RBF neural network, a noise-robust speech recognition system based on RBF neural network is proposed with the entire-supervised algorithm. If the traditional clustering algorithm is employed, there is a flaw that the node center of hidden layer is always sensitive to the initial value, but if the entire-supervised algorithm is used, the flaw will not turn up, and the classification ability of RBF network will be enhanced. Experimental results show that, compared with the traditional clustering algorithm, the entire-supervised algorithm is of higher recognition rate in different SNRs than that of clustering algorithm.
The Influencing Factors in Acoustic Nonlinearity Parameter B/A Measurement
Authors: Chen Sha , Zhu Hai Jiang , Yang Ping
Published: March 2011

In this paper, the nonlinearity parameter B/A of ethanol has been measured under different emitted voltages, temperatures, multiple frequencies and stop-band attenuations. The experimental apparatus and technique used to measure B/A in ethanol was the finite amplitude insert-substitution method. This method was applied within the emitted voltages from 30.0 to 150.0V and at temperatures of between 22 and 45°C, and different frequencies at 1.0MHz, 2.25MHz, 3.5MHz, 5.0MHz and in attenuations from 30.0 to 120dB. Experimental results (Fig.4, Fig.5, Fig.6, Fig.7) show that: (1) The value of B/A has almost a linear increase with temperature and a linear decrease with frequency. (2) Parameter B/A is independent of the stop-band attenuations and has a little decrease with different emitted voltage.
Improved Thermal Conductivity of Compostie Particles Filled Epoxy Resin
Authors: Zhang Xiu Ju , Lin Zhi Dan , Li Bo , Tan Shao Zao
Published: March 2011

E-44 epoxy resin was used as matrix，and silicon nitride，boron nitride，alumina and silicon carbide were used as heat-conducting insulating fillers. By selecting the amounts and types of the insulting fillers, the heat conductive properties of E-44 could be adjusted. In addition, by choosing the curing agent and accelerator the viscosity of E-44 could also be readily controlled. The relation among the adhesive viscosity，heat conductive property and prescription was studied. When the amounts of silicon nitride, alumina and boron nitride were 25%, 25%, 10% (based on the mass of epoxy resin matrix), respectively, the thermal conductivity of this system was 2.66 W/mK.