bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Reliability and Reproducibility of Physiological Cost Index (PCI) as an Energy Expenditure Index among Asian Individuals
Authors: Rana B S.J.B
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Physical activity and energy expenditure are important markers of wellbeing. Energy expenditure index can be assessed by bicycle ergometer and treadmill test but they are costly and are not suitable for physically challenged ones. Hence, simpler and straightforward tests like Physiological Cost Index can be useful in a broader perspective. However, it is not known whether they are reliable and reproducible in Asian population.
Methods: A total of 10 young randomly selected healthy individuals performed 50m, 100m and 150m walking test at their self-selected preferred speed. The test was repeated three times on each distance. The resting measurements were taken and their Physiological Cost Index during exercise was calculated using MacGregor's equation.
Results: The mean age was 24.8 years (22-39 years). The mean speed of walking was 65m/min. The mean body mass index was 20.68.Their mean PCI values for 50, 100 and 150m distance walks at self-selected, preferred speed did not show statistically significant difference from each other. On a reproducibility test, irrespective of the distance walked, the first test (Test I) had statistically significant higher PCI values than Test II and Test III (p<0.05) for the respective distance walked.
Conclusion: Physiological Cost Index can be estimated using MacGregor's equation with walking varying distances (50m, 100m and 150m) at a self-selected and preferred speed. The first test tends to overestimate PCI as compared to the second and third tests on the same distance. However, the second and third tests (trials) seem consistent
Depression in survivors of female trafficking in shelter homes of Kathmandu Valley
Authors: Pradhan G , Ojha SP , Sharma VD , Chapagain M , Tulachan P , Dhungana S , Pant SB
Published: July 2024

Introduction: Human trafficking is the recruitment and movement of individuals most often by force, coercion, or deception for the purpose of exploitation. There is very limited evidence on the health consequences of human trafficking. This study were to find out the prevalence of depression among survivors of female trafficking in the shelter homes of Kathmandu valley and also to find out severity of depression (mild, moderate and severe) among the survivors of female trafficking.
Methods: A cross- sectional design was implemented. A total of 67 participants was collected from 4 different NGOs working in the field by using probability proportion to size method and from each NGOs the participants were taken using purposive sampling. The consent was taken and strict inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied during participant's selection. The semi- structured proforma was filled with adequate information. Clinical diagnosis of depression was made according to ICD-10 classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders-Diagnostic Criteria for Research (WHO-1992) in patients and Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) was used to assess the severity of depression (mild, moderate and severe). Finally, information obtained from demographic profile, clinical features, and rating scale was analyzed by using suitable statistical tools.
Results: The study showed out of all 67 female human trafficking victims interviewed from 4 major shelter homes in Kathmandu valley a majority were found to be from the 16 to 20 years age group during the time of interview. Most victims were found to be trafficked at a young age, 11-15 years. A majority of them were lured with job proposals mostly by their own family members. Victims were mostly lead to India for trafficking as sex workers. Based on ICD 10 DCR 61.2% of the victims were found to be suffering from depression among which according to HDRS 16.4% had severe and 4.5% had very severe depression.
Conclusion: Despite a dramatic increase in the profile of human trafficking over the past decade, the evidence on trafficked people's experiences of violence and of depression and other mental health problems is extremely limited. Depression is quite common and more information is needed on trafficked people's health needs and experiences, including evidence on interventions to mitigate the physical and psychological damage associated with this global crime.
The Fact that Female Teachers of Islamic Studies are Familiar with Methods of Combating Destructive Ideas in The Holy Capital
Authors: Al-Saeedi Afnan , Akram Haba
Published: July 2024

The study aims to evaluate the level of female Islamic Studies teachers familiarity with methods of combating destructive ideas in high school education in the Holy Capital of Makkah. To achieve this, the study used the descriptive analytical survey method, the study sample included (86) female Islamic Studies teachers, and used a questionnaire consisting of 12 items. The study had come to several conclusions, most importantly being: That female Islamic Studies teachers are highly familiar with destructive ideas combating methods, the study scored an arithmetic mean of (3.59), a standard deviation of (.86), and a high level of familiarity. In light of these results, the study made several recommendations.
PEMBELAJARAN TARI PRAWIRENG PUTRI DENGAN MODEL KOOPERATIF LEARNING TIPE JIGSAW DI SMPN 4 PETANG
Authors: Wulandari Ni Nyoman Arnis , Mudiasih Ni Wayan , Widyarto Rinto
Published: July 2024

Asistensi Mengajar merupakan salah satu bagian program Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka bertujuan mendorong mahasiswa mampu menguasai berbagai keilmuan sebagai bekal memasuki dunia kerja. Asistensi mengajar ini dengan materi pembelajaran tari Kreasi Prawireng Putri menggunakan model pembelajaran Kooperatif Learning tipe Jigsaw pada kelas IX di SMP Negeri 4 Petang. Masalah yang dirumuskan berupa konsep pembelajaran, tahapan pembelajaran, capaian hasil pembelajaran dan kontribusi pembelajaran. Model pembelajaran dengan Kooperatif Learning tipe Jigsaw yang dipadukan dengan metode ceramah dan tanya jawab. Konsep pembelajaran dipersiapkan dengan materi mengenai pengertian tari kreasi, jenis tari kreasi, unsur pendukung tari dan memperagakan gerak tari kreasi dengan menggunakan unsur pendukung. Adapun tahapan pembelajaran sesuai keterampilan mengajar, yaitu tahap persiapan, tahap penyampaian, tahap pelatihan dan tahap penampilan hasil. Sedangkan hasil pembelajaran dengan penerapan sistem penilaian wiraga, wirama, wirasa. Wiraga (raga atau tubuh), proses penilaian pada gerak kepala sampai kaki hingga ketepatan gerak. Wirama (ritme atau tempo) dalam pembelajaran tari, mengenal pula adanya tempo, yakni ketika menari tubuh penari wajib menguasai ritme atau tempo. Kesesuaian gerak dengan ritme dan ketepatan gerak dengan hitungan yang dinilai. Selanjutnya wirasa (perasaan yang diekspresikan lewat mimik wajah), yang dinilai mengenai penghayatan dalam menari dan keserasian antara gerak dengan ekspresi. Hasil penilaian bahwa, peserta didik sudah mampu memahami dan melakukan tari Kreasi tersebut. Peserta didik bertambah wawasannya mengenai tari Prawireng Putri tentang keperwiraan prajurit Wanita. Kontribusi pembelajaran Asistensi Mengajar ini memberikan kesempatan mahasiswa dapat memberikan kontribusi baik bagi peserta didik dan bagi sekolah memiliki kader seni siswa yang mampu dibanggakan dalam pelestarian dan pengembangan seni budaya.
Nuo švento išsipildymo iki pasidygėtinos tuštumos: motinystės patirčių retrospektyva ir dabartis literatūroje
Authors: Pulkauninkė Ineta
Published: July 2024

Straipsnyje per feministinės teorijos prizmę nagrinėjamas kintantis motinystės suvokimas literatūroje ir kultūroje. Teigiama, jog feminizmas ir motinystė, dažnai laikomi prieštaringais, iš tikrųjų yra glaudžiai susiję. Laikomasi minties, kad nors šiuolaikinės moters socialiniai vaidmenys ir tolsta nuo biologinio determinizmo, tačiau vis dar patiriamas visuomenės spaudimas, grįstas stereotipais. Straipsnyje analizuojama šiuolaikinių literatūros kūrėjų Vitalijos Maskvytės, Rimos Juškūnės, Linos Buividavičiūtės, Kristinos Tamulevičiūtės eilėraščiuose išryškėjanti nedaug tyrinėta šiuolaikinės motinystės patirčių tema.
JEAN CARZOU'S CONTRIBUTION TO THE THEATRICAL-DECORATIVE ART OF FRANCE
Authors: Kamalyan Margarita
Published: July 2024

In the 50-60s of the last century the famous French-Armenian artist Jean Carzou (Garnik Zouloumian, 1907-2000) created seven works of theatrical-decorative art for musical and dramatic theaters of France, having designed Jean-Philippe Rameau's opera-ballet «Les Indes Galantes», Adolphe Adam's ballet «Giselle», Jean Racine's drama «Athalie», Jacques Offenbach's operetta «La Périchole», etc. The aim of this article is to present concisely and analyze Carzou's theatrical-decorative work on the basis of archival materials.For stage designs of the productions by venerable directors and choreographers of France of the time, like Maurice Lehmann, Roland Petit, John Butler and others Carzou worked for a long time, combining their vision with his own unique aesthetics. These vibrant, highly artistic works were a success, in some cases contributing to the polymodal synesthesia requisite for theater. These works have graced the stages of the world's most prestigious theaters - Grand Opera, Comédie Française, La Scala...
Exploring the unconscious through Active imagination
Authors: Moon Jin-keon
Published: July 2024

This study explored basic steps of active imagination and looked at related topics such as free association, imagination, signs and symbols in order to reveal the characteristics of Jung’s active imagination. According to the results of the exploration, active imagination is not a reductive way to understand the mental images that emerge from the unconscious. In active imagination a patient should go beyond a superficial understanding of her image and experience the transcendent power contained in that image. The key to active imagination is restraining the conscious waking mind from exerting influence on internal images as they unfold. There must be an effort to resonate the archetypal atmosphere in the unconscious. There must be an effort to challenge herself by conveying a message of humanity overflowing with images that goes beyond just trying to fulfill repressed impulses and memories hidden behind images. Active imagination intentionally seeks to relate to the contents of the unconscious. Its starting point is an image in the mind. Starting from the beginning to the unconscious power of the abyss, active imagination requires uncritical consciousness, amplification, constructive interpretation, and contact with the transcendent function inherent in the symbol.
A Case Study on the Necessity and Introduction Method of School Meditation
Authors: Kim Jinseop
Published: July 2024

In this study, we conducted in-depth interviews with 5 teachers from City A to investigate the perceived necessity of mindfulness education among Korean teachers and its potential application in the school setting. Through the interviews, we focused on analyzing the necessity of mindfulness education in schools, implementation methods, appropriate education time, difficulties in implementation, and ways to overcome them. The interview results are as follows: First, teachers reported that mindfulness education would be helpful in addressing students’ depression, impulsivity, stress management, identity exploration, attention, and prevention of school violence. Secondly, regarding the application of mindfulness education, suggestions were made for theoretical education linked to the curriculum, breathing meditation before evaluation, integrated classes, autonomous activities, and education for perpetrators of school violence. Thirdly, effective mindfulness education time was mentioned as homeroom, immediately after lunch, morning or after-school programs, and mandatory education hours. Fourthly, anticipated difficulties include a test-oriented learning environment, lack of awareness and perceived necessity of mindfulness, teacher burden, and student resistance. Fifthly, suggested solutions include appointing mindfulness experts, applying mindfulness to existing programs, reaching consensus within the educational community, and making mindfulness education mandatory. In summary, teachers recognize the necessity of mindfulness education, but for its successful implementation in the school setting, it is necessary to raise awareness among the entire educational community, including teachers, students, and parents, as well as provide institutional support.
Public safety communications research, uncrewed aircraft systems program challenge overview
Authors: Manley Terese , Layman Stephanie
Published: July 2024

The Middle-Class Tax Relief and Job Creation Act created the Public Safety Communications Research (PSCR) Division at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to investigate interoperability for public safety by improving wireless and broadband communications for first responders. The Public Safety Trust Fund (PSTF) established from this legislation and subsequent congressional funds enabled PSCR to conduct research through prize challenges to explore the potential of technology and the impact of Uncrewed Aircraft Systems (UAS) on public safety operations. Prize challenges help bring together industry leaders and experts to solve technology problems for first responders. Challenges have focused on performance, endurance, and technology-specific use case scenarios with requirements specific to first responder needs. This report provides a general overview of the PSCR UAS Portfolio, the history of PSCR UAS prize challenges, and the UAS prize challenge structure.
The NIST wildland-urban interface fire case study approach and outlook
Authors: Lastname Firstname
Published: July 2024

Wildland-urban interface (WUI) fires are a threat to thousands of communities in the United States. Thousands of structures are destroyed, and thousands of lives are threatened or upended by fires every year. There are valuable lessons to be learned from these WUI fire events to help communities become more prepared, resilient, and resistant to fires in the future. Since 2007, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has conducted four post-fire case studies to do just that. This document summarizes the past case studies, which have served as a technical anchor for NIST’s WUI research, as background and motivation for future case studies. The approach and methodology for data collection and analysis is described. A range of different post-fire deployment possibilities is presented along with parameters to consider for future case studies including areas of technical interest, staffing, training requirements, and suggested tools and equipment.
PERCEIVED EFFECT OF PALM OIL COOPERATIVES IN CREDIT DELIVERY TO MEMBERS IN AKWA IBOM STATE
Authors: Unyime Bassey Asuquo ,   Akwa Ibom State University,Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin, Nigeria, Okon Uwemedimo , Jemimah Timothy Ekanem ,   Akwa Ibom State University,Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin, Nigeria,   Akwa Ibom State University,Ikot Akpaden, Mkpat Enin, Nigeria
Published: July 2024

The study assessed the perceived effect of palm oil cooperatives in credit delivery to members in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study described the socio-economic characteristics of the cooperators, examined the perceived effect of cooperatives on economic activities of members, assessed the benefits members derived from cooperative societies, and examined the challenges faced by the cooperators. Sample size of 201 palm oil cooperators were randomly selected using Taro Yamane formula from the list of palm oil cooperative societies in the study area. Data collected were analyzed using percentages, mean, Pearson product-moment correlation, analysis of variance (ANOVA) and t-test. The finding shows mean age of cooperators was 46.2 years, the majority (69.2%) were female, married (71.6%), a larger portion (97.0%) had formal education. The mean household size, farming experience and annual income were 6 persons, 9 years and N159,145 respectively. The results showed a positive and significant relationship between cooperative societies and the economic activities of members. Also, the cooperative societies benefit their members by having access to loans. Challenges affecting the cooperative were grouped into socio-economic, organizational and institutional problems. The study recommended among others; that the organization seek better strategies of building their capital, more avenues of internally generated revenue should be exploited to improve on their capital formation rates. Moreso, cooperatives should devise better channel of credit delivery to members in terms of the ability to sustain the loan delivery function.
INFORMATION NEEDS ANALYSIS OF POULTRY FARMERS IN ABIA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: O. A Maduka ,   Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria, U. Kalu , B. U Obinna ,   Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria,   Michael Okpara University of Agriculture, Umudike, Abia State, Nigeria
Published: July 2024

Poultry production will fail to attain its peak and improve food security if the information needs of the farmers are not met. This study analysed the information needs of poultry farmers in Abia state, Nigeria. Multistage sampling procedure was employed in selecting 117 respondents. Data on respondents’ socioeconomic characteristics, information needs, information sources and information utilization were collected using structured questionnaire and analysed using percentages, mean scores and ordinary least square. Results revealed 59.8% of the poultry farmers were male with mean age of 34years while, 94.0% had above primary level of education. Average stock size was 105 birds and average monthly income was N128,500.00. The farmers needed information on disease identification (87.2%), drugs and vaccine use (82.9%), veterinary services (79.5%), feed formulation (75.2%) and modern agricultural equipment (74.4%) among others. Most of the farmers sourced information from friends and relatives (94.9%), televisions (78.6%), the internet (73.5%), radios (72.6%), veterinary services (68.4%) and extension agents (60.7%). Furthermore, the farmers effectively utilised all information received, except that on modern day agricultural equipment (x̄ = 1.99). Farmers’ socioeconomic characteristics were significantly related to level of information utilization at 5% α-level. To succeed in the business and contribute to food security, poultry farmers need lots of information. It is therefore recommended that information service providers should source adequate, timely, appropriate, and authentic information from reliable sources like research institutes and communicate same to the farmers for their use. Modern day agricultural equipment should be provided at subsidized rates and the farmers taught how to use them to boost production.
Long Term Operation of Nuclear Fuel Cycle Facilities
Authors:   INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY
Published: July 2024

Nuclear fuel cycle facilities (NFCFs) have played a major role in the development and application of nuclear technologies in various fields, including nuclear power and nuclear science and technologies for over seven decades. Approximately 70% of the operating NFCFs in the world are more than 30 years old, thus it is important that life management programmes are established and implemented. This publication provides practical information on factors affecting ageing and their consequences, and mitigating action required for nuclear fuel cycle facilities in the operational stage including modernization and refurbishing. It also provides the considerations for long term operation of a nuclear fuel cycle facility. The information in this publication will be useful to the operating organizations, regulatory bodies and other organizations involved in the design, construction, operation and management of nuclear fuel cycle facilities’ safety.
Clarifying Ethical Dilemmas in Sharpening Students’ Artificial Intelligence Proficiency: Dispelling Myths About Using AI Tools in Higher Education
Authors: Mujtaba Bahaudin
Published: July 2024

Artificial intelligence has been talked about for over half a century now. Still, it became a fast-growing reality in 2023 through modern technologies, such as Meta AI, Open AI, or ChatGPT, and has created some ethical concerns. This research provides examples of how AI is being used in academia, how it can be used, and how to assess college students’ familiarity with such technologies, their perception of it, and level of usage. Using an AI-generated short survey to gather quantitative and qualitative data through a discussion exercise, 126 undergraduates with four different professors were asked to share their answers and views. The findings show that many of today’s college students in South Florida see the usage of AI as ethical and legal. However, a few respondents remain uncertain due to a lack of clear guidelines from professors and the institution. Thus, most respondents reported that they are familiar with AI as they use it multiple times weekly. Consequently, educators and administrators must sharpen their students’ AI skills so they can be ethical and competitive in the workplace. Implications for students, educators and administrators in the higher education arena are explored. Besides serving as a person’s second brain, using AI can be an excellent way for students to mitigate and overcome procrastination, enhance their productivity, and comprehensively complete academic projects on time. Furthermore, the proper use of AI tools can reduce errors, quickly assess large amounts of data, automate repetitive functions, lead to better decisions, and help learners move forward amid challenging obstacles. As such, academic institutions must do more to ensure they are “sharpening their students’ AI saw” before they graduate and embark on their professional endeavors. Artificial intelligence, when used properly, ethically, and legally following established industry norms and guidelines, offers many transformative benefits across diverse fields to benefit human beings and society. Students pursuing a healthcare career can use AI to aid in early disease detection, accelerate drug discovery, and improve patient care through precision medicine. Graduates in the engineering or transportation industries can use AI to optimize traffic flow, enhance safety with autonomous vehicles, and reduce emissions through predictive maintenance. Moreover, those who remain in the education field after graduation can use AI to facilitate personalized learning experiences tailored to individual student needs while fostering greater engagement and academic success for all learners. The latest advancements underscore AI’s potential to drive innovation, increase efficiency, and address complex challenges while ultimately shaping a more interconnected and prosperous future for everyone in society.
The Effect of Individual Entrepreneurial Orientation on Entrepreneurial Intention Among University Students
Authors: Eddine Kaouache Djamel , Amara Charif , Chatter Chafik , Kaouache Amine
Published: July 2024

This study aims to evaluate the impact of individual entrepreneurial orientation on the entrepreneurial intention of Algerian university students. Specifically, it focuses on three dimensions of individual entrepreneurial orientation: risk-taking, innovativeness, and proactiveness. To achieve the main purpose of the study and test its hypotheses, the researchers employed a descriptive-analytical method, and a survey was conducted using a questionnaire on a sample of 333 second-year master’s students at the Faculty of Economics, Commercial and Management Sciences in Jijel University. The questionnaire consists of 15 statements: 3 – regarding risk-taking, 3 – innovativeness, 3 –proactiveness, and 6 – individual entrepreneurial orientation. The opinions of the sample (students) were measured using a five-point Likert scale. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was applied to test the reliability of the study instrument. To test internal consistency, Pearson’s correlation coefficient was calculated to measure the correlation between each questionnaire item and the dimension to which it belongs. Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and the Durbin-Watson test were also relied upon to ensure the independence of the independent variables and the absence of multiple linear correlation or autocorrelation between the residuals. Multiple regression analysis was used to evaluate the effect of the independent variables on the dependent variables to test the study hypotheses accurately. The predictive capacity of the regression model is confirmed by the results of the ANOVA regression analysis. Statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS, version 28. The findings indicate that both risk-taking and proactiveness have a direct and positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. However, innovativeness does not demonstrate any statistically significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. In light of the obtained results, a set of recommendations meant to foster the individual entrepreneurial orientation and entrepreneurial intention of university students was proposed.
Does Political Stability Matter to the Profitability of Banks?
Authors: Kumar Dahal Arjun , Bhattarai Ganesh , Bahadur Budhathoki Prem
Published: July 2024

This study examines the impact of net interest margin, non-interest income, non-performing loans, and Political Stability Index on the banks’ profitability regarding return on assets in developing Asian countries, focusing on how political stability affects the bank’s profitability. The secondary data from 14 developing countries used in this study are collected from the World Bank and World Financial Studies Report. The dataset includes 154 data points spanning from 2012 to 2022, focusing on 14 underdeveloped countries of Asia. Exploratory and analytical research designs are utilized. Data are analyzed by using EViews 12. Econometric tools such as descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, panel unit root testing, Fisher-Johnsen combined co-integration test, panel vector error correction model, and Wald test investigate the relationship between response and predictor variables. The net interest margin, non-interest income, non-performing loan, and Political Stability Index are jointly integrated to determine the bank’s profit of developing countries of the Asia continent. Interest margin, non-interest revenue, non-performing loans, and the Political Stability Index all show a 38.6 percent variance in bank profit. It has been discovered that for every unit that rises in net interest margin and Political Stability Index, the bank profitability of developing Asian countries increases by 0.4867 and 0.2221 percent, respectively. Non-interest income has little bearing on the profitability of banks. Meanwhile, non-interest income exhibits minimal influence, suggesting a need for a strategic focus on interest margin enhancement and fostering political stability to optimize banking sector profitability in the region.
Financing practices of labeled startups
Authors: Benlefki Sarra , Bouchetara Mehdi , Saba Amine , Gahlam Nadia
Published: July 2024

The research investigates the formal and informal financing practices utilized by labeled startups in Algeria, emphasizing their essential role in economic development. Despite the recent dynamism observed in the Algerian startup ecosystem, these enterprises face substantial growth challenges due to limited access to financing, a critical factor for their success. To address this issue, a study was conducted involving 129 owners of labeled startups as of June 2023, employing a questionnaire for data collection. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and multivariate logistic regression. The findings confirm the prevalence of personal financing/love money as the dominant source of funding, with venture capital also identified as a significant financing method. Additionally, 28% of startups resorted to informal financing practices due to inadequate bank financing and difficulties in accessing other funding sources. The study also reveals that support structures have no significant impact on startup financing. This research provides valuable insights into the financing challenges faced by labeled startups and offers directions for future, more comprehensive research.
Structural Changes in the Impact of Covid-19 Pandemic on the Performance of Financial Markets. Stock Market by Using Least Squares WHTI Breaks
Authors: Issam Djouadi , Okba Abdellaoui , AbdelRahim Madani , Ibrahim Debbab
Published: July 2024

The global outbreak of COVID-19 in 2020 became unprecedented and sent shockwaves through financial markets worldwide. This study investigates the impact of the pandemic on the performance of the U.S. financial market from March 1, 2020, to April 14, 2022. Utilizing Bai and Perron’s (1998) least squares with breaks during this period. The study’s test findings validate the existence of seven structural changes, signifying the occurrence of eight effects of independent factors on the S&P 500 index. The empirical findings demonstrate a substantial influence of COVID-19 pandemic on the performance of financial markets. Specifically, the impact of the number of COVID-19 cases and new fatalities on financial market performance, exhibits variations in terms of direction, nature, depth, and level. Based on an analysis of the structural changes, it can be inferred that the initial period exhibits the most pronounced negative impact on the number of new COVID-19 cases. Subsequently, the direction and nature of this impact undergo a transformation from the second to the eighth periods. Specifically, the impact of the number of new COVID-19 cases becomes positive in the second, third, sixth, seventh, and eighth periods, gradually diminishing until it reaches its lowest levels of impact in the eighth period. The research further identifies a detrimental impact on the occurrence of new fatalities. However, the periods spanning from the third to the fifth period exhibit very modest levels of influence, which then transition into a beneficial effect during the fifth period. Moreover, the research reveals that the impact of mortality rates on the performance of the United States stock market was greater than that of COVID-19 cases across all periods linked to structural changes. Additionally, the exchange rate of the dollar has a consistent and favorable impact, and the real interest rate has a pronounced negative impact, which gradually reduces over time and eventually transitions into a positive value by the eighth period.
The Impact of Public Expenditure on Inflation: An ARDL Approach
Authors: Zohra Hamadouche Fatma
Published: July 2024

The aim of this study is to investigate and evaluate the impact of public spending on inflation in Algeria from 1973 to 2022. The data used are obtained from the official website of world Bank (WDI) and the Finance Ministry of Algeria. This study is conducted by applying the Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model (ARDL)-(bounds testing approach) using eviews13 software. The time series of the data were subjected to statistical tests by applying the Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) test. The cointegration tests were also applied for a common relationship and the Model Stability: The Bounds Test for confirming the existence of a stable long-term relationship, the Breusch-Godfrey serial correlation LM test to test the absence of serial correlation, Test Breusch-Pagan-Godfrey to test the Heteroskedasticity; and the CUSUM and CUSUM Squares test for the stability of the model as well as the estimation of the model’s short- and long-term parameters. The results obtained confirm the hypothesis posed in the introduction on the existence of a cointegration relationship between public expenditure and inflation the indicate that there exists a cointegration relationship between public expenditure and inflation, such that a 1% increase in public spending leads to a 0.23% rise in the inflation rate. It is important to mention that this percentage is relatively low compared to the short term, having reached 2%. As regards the other control variables, we found a positive and statistically significant correlation between the inflation rate and the percentage of broad money to GDP and the percentage of imports to GDP. However, we found an inverse relationship between the inflation rate and GDP per capita at constant 2015 prices, which serves as a measure of inverse economic growth. Based on these results, we can suggest Moving forward, policymakers in Algeria must prioritize measures aimed at curbing inflation while ensuring sustainable economic growth. This may involve reassessing public spending priorities, implementing effective monetary policies, and enhancing fiscal discipline. Furthermore, fostering economic diversification and promoting investment in sectors with high growth potential can contribute to reducing reliance on public expenditure as a driver of inflation.
An Investigation on the Effectiveness and Trade Direction of ASEAN Trade Agreements
Authors: Rahman Md. Shahinur , Sultana Sakila , Sultana Mahmuda , Naser Ibne Afzal Munshi
Published: July 2024

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the ASEAN regional trade agreement by comparing the growth rates of intra-ASEAN trade with those of the rest of the world as well as with major trading countries, China, the USA, the EU, and India. The objective of this research is threefold: To identify existing trade trends, to determine the underlying explanations for these trends, and finally, to compare intra-ASEAN trade trends with the inter-ASEAN countries’ trade trends. This paper takes a descriptive approach and dynamic panel GMM methods spanning the years 1990 to 2019. Between 2005 and 2019, growth rates among members of intra-ASEAN, Indonesia-Malaysia, Indonesia-Thailand, Singapore-Thailand, Malaysia-Philippines, and Philippines-Thailand, all decreased. Additionally, although the market share of imports and exports within ASEAN has decreased over time, the market share of imports and exports of inter-ASEAN has increased, especially with China and India. The results of descriptive analysis of inter-ASEAN trade openness are supported by first-differenced GMM and system GMM. This is the first study to examine historical intra-ASEAN trade trends and growth and compare them to inter-ASEAN trade trends and growth to determine whether AFTA has a greater impact on intra-ASEAN trade growth than on inter-ASEAN trade growth using updated aggregated data. This study sheds light on the fact that over the periods intra-ASEAN trade could not outperform inter-ASEAN trade by a significant margin due to trade diversity challenges and incomplete implementation of WTO regulations.
Medical Negligence and Consumer Protection Laws: A Swift Analysis and Recommendations
Authors: Raza Shah Gilani Syed , G. Mujtaba Bahaudin , Nayab Qureshi Aisha , Mohammed AlMatrooshi Ali
Published: July 2024

Medical negligence is a critical issue affecting countless patients and their families globally, with significant implications for all nations. Despite the existence of legal frameworks designed to protect patients’ rights, the implementation and enforcement of these laws are often inadequate. This inadequacy is compounded by the inherent complexity of medical evidence and the stringent legal requirements for establishing negligence. Proving medical negligence involves demonstrating that a healthcare provider owed a duty of care to the patient, breached that duty, and caused harm as a direct result of the breach. This paper delves into the intricacies of Pakistani laws related to medical negligence. It explores notable cases, and discusses the systemic challenges in proving such negligence. The burden of proof, the high threshold for establishing a breach of the care standard, and the scarcity of expert witnesses present significant obstacles for patients seeking justice. Furthermore, the inefficiencies of the judicial system, including prolonged litigation and limited access to legal resources, exacerbate these challenges. The paper argues that a comprehensive and sustainable approach is essential to address these issues effectively. This approach should include raising awareness about patients’ rights, enhancing the quality of healthcare services, and implementing and enforcing robust laws and regulations. Additionally, promoting access to justice through specialised medical tribunals and providing support to collect and present medical evidence are crucial steps toward ensuring accountability in healthcare. By leveraging advancements in digital technology, documentation, and information sharing, stakeholders can work towards a more transparent and accountable healthcare system. Such reforms are vital for protecting patients from medical negligence and ensuring that they receive the care they deserve. Through a detailed examination of the current legal landscape and practical recommendations for improvement, this paper contributes to the ongoing discourse on healthcare reform, ultimately striving for a system that upholds the highest standards of medical care and patient safety.
Book Review on Medani P. Bhandari (2023). Live and Let Others Live – In Reference to Sustainability and Environment Conservation
Authors: Bhandari Prajita
Published: July 2024

This autobiographical short book intricately captures the journey of an environmentalist, humanitarian, and knowledge producer, weaving a narrative that is as much about the individual experience as it is about the collective endeavors of countless people worldwide. The protagonist’s journey is a profound personal transformation driven by a deep-seated commitment to environmental stewardship and social justice. This story begins with humble origins, tracing the author’s awakening to the pressing environmental issues and humanitarian crises that plague our world. As the narrative unfolds, readers are introduced to pivotal moments of activism and advocacy, where the protagonist collaborates with like-minded individuals and organisations to champion causes such as sustainable development, conservation, and equitable resource distribution. These efforts are not just portrayed as isolated acts of heroism, but as part of a broader, global movement of dedicated individuals working tirelessly for the common good, inspiring readers to consider their own role in this collective effort. The book’s strength lies in its ability to transcend the personal, making the reader feel part of a larger community of change-makers. The protagonist’s successes and challenges are mirrored in the lives of many others who have similarly devoted themselves to protecting the planet and improving human lives. Through detailed anecdotes and reflections, the book not only highlights the interconnectedness of environmental and humanitarian efforts but also calls on the readers to take action, emphasising that the health of our ecosystems and the well-being of society are inextricably linked and that each individual has a role to play in this interconnected web. Ultimately, this narrative is an inspiring testament to the power of individual and collective action. It invites readers to reflect on their roles in this global mission and to find their place in the ongoing struggle for a more just and sustainable world.
Analyzing the Impact of Government Policy Measures on the Return on Equity
Authors: Hedau Amit , Malla Vijayeta
Published: July 2024

The assessment of a company’s Return on Equity (ROE) is a challenging task for management. The main objective of this paper is to analyse the impact of government initiatives on the ROE of listed companies in India. The Indian government has taken many policy initiatives in the last decade to boost the infrastructure sector in the country. Therefore, it is worthwhile to evaluate how these policy initiatives have impacted the ROE of companies belonging to the infrastructure sector. 43 companies are selected for the purpose of the study. Both quantitative and qualitative methods are used for data analysis. Historical financial data from 2008 to 2023 is analysed using the DuPont model. Eleven industry experts, selected on the basis of their managerial experience in the infrastructure sector are interviewed and their opinions are coded using NVivo. The study finds that 67.4% of the variation in ROE is explained by three variables, namely asset turnover, financial leverage and operating profit margin. According to the industry experts, asset turnover and operating profit have a greater impact on ROE. The results of the study validate the accountability theory and are useful for policy makers and management of companies in the infrastructure sector in particular and other stakeholders in general who are interested in the relationship between government initiatives and their impact on the company’s ROE.
Unveiling Human Factors: Aligning Facets of Cybersecurity Leadership, Insider Threats, and Arsonist Attributes to Reduce Cyber Risk
Authors: A. Jones Laura
Published: July 2024

This qualitative study is a systematic literature review (draws on literature primarily published within the last five years) addresses a comprehensive approach to a crucial but often overlooked aspect of cybersecurity: the human factors underlying insider threats. Attention is focused on the so-called “organizational arsonists” – individuals who willfully seek to adversely impact the organization by inducing anarchy aligned with their own motivations, insiders who purposefully damage their companies using digital methods, someone intentionally causing mayhem within a company, which can be criminal in cyber environments. The purpose of the research is to identify how cybersecurity leadership can effectively detect and mitigate the risks associated with insiders, particularly those exhibiting arsonist-like behaviors. Review uncovering that organizational arsonists can escalate cybersecurity risks substantially, with insider incidents costing organizations an average of $16.2 million per incident. These incidents now represent a persistent challenge, increasing in frequency by 68% over the past year according to the 2022 Insider Threat Report. The findings highlight the necessity of leadership strategies that preemptively recognize and neutralize potential insider threats to improve organizational resilience and security posture. This approach not only informs current cybersecurity practices but also aids in the development of targeted policies and refined regulatory measures. By integrating insights from psychology, criminology, and cybersecurity, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of the human elements influencing insider threats, essential for enhancing both academic knowledge and practical applications in risk management. The results showed a parallel between the motivations of arsonists who set physical fires to the characteristics and motivations of insider threats who exploit organizational vulnerabilities. The impact of this research can be helpful in assisting cybersecurity professionals, leaders who strategize against cyber threats, and risk managers and analysts who understand and mitigate human factors and insider threats. Leaders and executives may use these insights to improve security resource allocation and culture. Policymakers and regulators may use the study’s results to create more nuanced cybersecurity legislation, while academics and students in related disciplines can use it for future research.
An R Studio Bibliometrix Analysis of Global Research Trends of Educational Crises in 2020s
Authors: Artyukhov Artem , Lapidus Artur , Yeremenko Olha , Artyukhova Nadiia , Churikanova Olena
Published: July 2024

The article uses R Studio Bibliometrix, VOSviewer, and Connected Papers to structure the scientific work of scientists on the development of educational systems during socio-economic, political, migration, pandemic, and climate crises in the 2020s. The research is based on more than 970 publications (articles, conference abstracts, monographs, and their sections) indexed by Scopus in 2020–2024, selected by keywords: “educational crisis,” “education policy response,” “education disruption,” and “learning loss.” The publication activity grew at an annual rate of 16.45%, peaking in 2023, while the peak of public interest (determined by Google Trends) was in 2022. The study consists of seven parts: the first examines shifts and patterns in the fields of educational crisis; the second analyzes influential publications; the third identifies key research institutions; the fourth explores various counties; the fifth highlights prominent researchers in these fields; the sixth delves into key areas of study; and the seventh uncovers core themes and insights in the research. The study identifies a number of important areas of concentration for the study of educational crises from a thematic perspective. These include education disruption and learning loss, and the broader impact of these issues on inclusive growth and sustainable development. Among all the crises that took place in the world in 2020–2024, COVID-19 and the full-scale war in Ukraine had the greatest impact on the transformation of education systems. China and the United States dominate the world in terms of publication activity and citation of articles by scientists from these countries (their point of view actually determines the emphasis with which the scientific world speaks about challenges in education), while scientists from Australia, India, and the United Kingdom have significantly increased their research activity in this area over the study period. The findings of this study are aimed at understanding the causes and consequences of educational crises and formulating recovery plans to mitigate global risks.
The Influence Of Entrepreneurial Practice Learning On Entrepreneurial Activities And Formation Of Character
Authors: Mispandi Mispandi , Fahrurrozi Muh
Published: July 2024

The Influence of Learning Entrepreneurship Practices on Entrepreneurial Activities and Character Formation. This research aims to determine: 1) the influence of learning entrepreneurial practices on student activities. 2) entrepreneurial practice learning methods for the formation of students' entrepreneurial character. This type of research is quantitative with an ex post facto research design. The population in this study were students in classes X1 and X2 at SMKN 1 Sambelia. This research did not use a sample but used a population as the research object with a population of 48 students. The data analysis technique used is simple regression analysis. The results of this research show that: 1) There is a significant influence of the entrepreneurial practice learning method on student activities, in this case shown by the calculated t value of (3.711) > t table (1.717). 2) There is a significant influence of the entrepreneurial practice learning method on the formation of This entrepreneurial character of students is shown by the calculated t value (4.737) > t table (1.717).