bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effectiveness of Using Teaching Factory to Improve Professional Competence of Teachers in State Vocational Schools in Jakarta
Authors: Bakti Rizal
Published: August 2024

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of implementing the Teaching Factory (TEFA) in improving the professional competence of teachers in State Vocational Schools (SMK) in Jakarta. Teaching Factory is an educational approach that integrates the learning environment with real work practice to bridge the gap between theory and practice. This study uses a quantitative method with surveys and interviews as data collection tools. The respondents are vocational school teachers involved in the Teaching Factory program. The results show that the implementation of Teaching Factory significantly improves teachers' abilities in both technical pedagogical aspects and soft skills, contributing positively to the development of their professional competence. The study concludes that Teaching Factory is an effective method for enhancing the quality of teaching and aligning teachers' skills with industry needs.
Effects of Autologous Conditioned Serum on Non-union After Open Reduction Internal Fixation Failure: A Case Series and Literature Review
Authors: Cheng Pen-Gang , Au Man-Kuan , Lee Chian-Her , Huang Meng-Jen , Yang Kuender D. , Hsu Chun-Sheng , Wang Chi-Hui
Published: August 2024

Non-union is one of the severe complications of traumatic fracture and still no standard therapeutic recommendations currently. A total of eleven patients were treated on the lesions for non-union, after the failure of open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) or total hip replacement, by autologous conditioned serum (ACS) for one to three times monthly and followed up. Seven patients received ACS three times, three patients received it two times, and the only one who underwent total hip replacement received it once. Ten patients achieved union at the last follow-up visit, indicating the effectiveness of ACS on patients who suffered from non-union after ORIF. ACS has the potential as an alternative or adjective treatment for non-union and is worthy to be investigated further for the benefits of patients.
Tau and Depression: A Systematic Review
Authors: RUBATINO RODRIGUES JULIANO FLAVIO , Rodrigues Lívia , Rodrigues Franciany , Rubatino Fernando , Atalaia da Silva Kelly , Serna Rodriguez María Fernanda , Fischer Hannes , Karan Barbosa Pedro Marco , Payão Spencer , Godoy Moacir , de Araújo Filho Gerardo
Published: August 2024

Objectives: The tau protein is essential for stabilizing microtubules. Changes in its phosphorylation are identified in many neurodegenerative diseases, such as frontotemporal dementia and Alzheimer's disease. The hyperphosphorylation of the tau protein is linked to various factors, including stress, which has a substantial impact on depressive illness. The present study aimed to systematically review studies that describe the association between tau protein and depression.Design: The present study used the PRISMA statement 2020 as the inclusion criterion for articles describing tau protein in individuals with depression. The exclusion criterion was the lack of comparison of tau protein levels with individuals without depression.Results: A total of 138 papers were identified, of which 21 were ultimately included. One out of every three articles included demonstrated the statistical significance of the tau protein values between the depression group and controls. Only one had an adequate sample but demonstrated results without any major significance.Conclusions: The association between tau protein and depression remains unclear. Studies with adequate sampling are necessary to answer this question.
Study on Sustainable Lightweight Design for Ming-Style Round-Backed Armchair with Laminated Bamboo Lumber Based on Finite Element Method
Authors: Li Jinglong , Me Rosalam Che , Zhu Qisen
Published: August 2024

Ming-style round-backed armchairs as a classic Chinese chair design are renowned for the blend of ergonomics, practicality, and elegance. Although the Chinese armchair furniture industry has made strides in sustainability, there is still a need for further improvements in material selection, manufacturing processes, and supply chain management to fully support the development of sustainable furniture. Laminated bamboo lumber as new sustainable materials are becoming a popular option for furniture designers in the era of "sustainable design". This research aims to investigate the feasibility and application of laminated bamboo lumber in the design of Chinese armchair furniture and proposes innovative ideas for optimizing the armchair's design. First, an empirical study was conducted to comprehensively understand the classification of Ming-style round-backed armchairs’ structure to develop a 3D model. Secondly, an experimental research method was then employed to explore the parameters of laminated bamboo lumber for future studies. Additionally, a validation experiment was conducted to compare real-world scenarios with simulations using finite element analysis in Ansys. Finally, finite element analysis was used to test the feasibility and application of laminated bamboo lumber in furniture design, focusing on the material’s mechanical properties. Results indicated that laminated bamboo lumber has excellent mechanical properties as furniture design materials, subsequently, using the optimized results, the use of 0.6319 kg of steel was successfully reduced by 23.68% to ensure the armchair’s stability. This provides a reference for the future compter-assist and standardized innovative design of Chinese armchair. By incorporating compter-assist design and lightweight optimization, it is possible to save materials and make more efficient use of resources, thereby contributing to sustainable development goals in the field of furniture design.
Linear Drucker-Prager Yield Criterion Calibration for Polypropylene under Multiaxial Load
Authors: Kasprzak Adam
Published: August 2024

This study focuses on calibrating the linear Drucker-Prager yield criterion for polypropylene under multiaxial loading conditions, using the Arcana machine to achieve a wide range of triaxiality states. The Drucker-Prager criterion has been adapted for polymers, composites, and metals due to its ability to account for the influence of hydrostatic pressure on yield stress. This study employs the Arcana machine, which allows for testing flat plate samples under various angles, thereby simulating different stress states from pure shear to biaxial tension. Additionally, uniaxial compression tests were conducted to extend the range of triaxiality. The material used in this study is Sabic 83MF10, a polypropylene polymer. Samples were prepared by injection molding and cut to specific dimensions. Tests were performed using a universal testing machine with the Arcana handle, and the results were analyzed to determine the yield strength, pressure, and triaxiality for each sample. The results showed a linear relationship between von Mises stress and hydrostatic pressure, with a friction angle (β) of 20.65° and material cohesion (d) of 27.81. The numerical simulations in Abaqus confirmed the validity of the Drucker-Prager model, accurately reflecting the moment of yielding for the tested samples.
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Autonomous Vehicles
Authors: Waghmare Ajay Atmaram , GANESAN Subramaniam , Chen Jingshu
Published: August 2024

Abstract: The future of transportation is being reshaped by autonomous vehicles (AVs), which promise to revolutionize road safety, accessibility, and environmental sustainability. Central to their evolution are advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), which enable real-time perception, decision-making, and control. This paper explores the future trajectory of AI in AVs, highlighting innovative AI paradigms such as explainable AI, federated learning, and adaptive regulatory frameworks. It delves into the development of sophisticated perception algorithms for environmental understanding, advanced decision-making systems employing reinforcement learning and deep neural networks, and precise control mechanisms through predictive modeling and optimization. By addressing current challenges, including regulatory hurdles and the complexity of AI algorithms, this paper provides a comprehensive outlook on the potential and implications of AV technology. It envisions a future where AI-driven AVs are seamlessly integrated into society, offering profound insights into their impact on transportation and societal dynamics.
Title Case-Controlled Study of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children (MIS-C)
Authors: Fonacier Frances , Demmrich Robin , Mendez Donna
Published: August 2024

BACKGROUNDStudies concerning multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) and how those patients present to the Emergency Department (ED) are scarce. Our study sought to investigate whether abnormal laboratory values were associated with worse outcomes. METHODSThis was a retrospective case-control study from March 2020 to June 2020. Patients with MIS-C were compared to a control group. Laboratory values were compared whether admitted to PICU or not. The Pearson’s Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were conducted for associations. RESULTSA total of 80 patients were included in the study (41MISC, 39 control). There were significant associations between patients admitted to the PICU and neutrophilia (p = 0.03) and elevated troponin (p = 0.01). There were no significant associations between having a non-good outcome and obesity, neutrophilia, lymphopenia, or elevated troponin. When MIS-C patients were compared to the control group MISC-C patients had more obesity and elevated troponin. CONCLUSIONSPatients admitted to the PICU had more neutrophilia and elevated troponin yet had a fairly good outcome. When compared to control patients, there was a significant association with obesity and elevated troponin in the MIS-C group.
Biophysics of ACL Injuries
Authors: Kacprzak Bartłomiej , Stańczak Mikołaj
Published: August 2024

Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) injuries rank among the most prevalent and severe types of injuries, significantly impacting both athletes and non-athletes alike. These injuries not only result in immediate physical impairment, such as intense pain, substantial swelling, and a marked loss of mobility, but also carry long-term health consequences that can alter a person's quality of life. Chronic pain, persistent instability, and an increased risk of developing osteoarthritis are among the lasting effects that can follow an ACL injury. An in-depth understanding of the biophysics behind ACL injuries is paramount for devising effective prevention and treatment protocols. Biophysics, which combines principles from physics with biological systems, provides crucial insights into the mechanical and structural integrity of the ACL and its susceptibility to injury under various conditions. This systematic review aims to collate and synthesize the current knowledge surrounding the biophysical mechanisms that underlie ACL injuries.
The review encompasses a range of factors, including the biomechanical forces that place stress on the ligament, anatomical structures that may predispose individuals to injury, and physiological conditions that affect ligament health and resilience. Each of these factors plays a crucial role in the incidence and severity of ACL injuries. Biomechanical forces, for example, can involve sudden changes in direction or impact during physical activity, leading to excessive stress on the ACL. Anatomical factors might include variations in bone structure or ligament alignment that inherently increase the risk of injury. Additionally, physiological conditions such as muscle strength, flexibility, and overall ligament health can influence the likelihood and extent of an ACL injury.
The findings of this review underscore the necessity of adopting integrated approaches in both injury prevention and rehabilitation. Such approaches must consider the multifaceted nature of ACL injuries, involving not only mechanical and anatomical aspects but also physiological and possibly even genetic factors. By emphasizing a multi-faceted understanding, interventions can be more effectively tailored to address the complex interplay of elements that contribute to ACL injuries. This holistic approach can lead to better outcomes for those at risk of or recovering from ACL injuries, enhancing the efficacy of prevention strategies and rehabilitation protocols.
Rationale and Protocol of ETERNITY-ITA Study: Use of Etelcalcetide for Preserving Vitamin K-Dependent Protein Activity Italian Study
Authors: Fusaro Maria , Aghi Andrea , Marino Carmela , Mallamaci Francesca , Plebani Mario , Zaninotto Martina , Grano Maria , Colucci Silvia Concetta , Gallieni Maurizio , Nickolas Thomas L. , Giannini Sandro , Sella Stefania , Simioni Paolo , Bazzocchi Alberto , Guglielmi Giuseppe , Taddei Fulvia , Schileo Enrico , Versace Maria Carmela , Tripepi Giovanni Luigi
Published: August 2024

Background and objectives: Chronic Kidney Disease and Mineral Bone Disorders (CKD-MBD) are frequently associated with an increased risk of both Vascular Calcifications (VCs) and bone fractures (BFs). The complex pathogenesis of VCs and BFs involves various factors such as calcium overload, phosphate imbalance, and secondary hyperparathyroidism. Key players, such as the vitamin K-dependent proteins (VKDPs) matrix Gla protein (MGP) and osteocalcin (BGP), have pivotal roles both for VCs and BFs. The Vitamin K Italian (VIKI) dialysis study, highlighted that hemodialysis patients treated with calcimimetics had higher levels of total BGP and MGP as compared to those untreated, suggesting a potential protective effect of these drugs on BFs and VCs, beyond the beneficial effect to reduce PTH levels. Methods: ETERNITY-ITA is a multi-center, comparative effectiveness, observational, longitudinal study that will enroll 160 hemodialysis patients (80 patients treated with Etelcalcetide and 80 age and sex-matched patients treated with Calcitriol or vitamin D analogs). Nephrologists will tailor the target dose of Etelcalcetide on individual level to achieve the KDIGO PTH target. In the Etelcalcetide-treated group, the addition of calcitriol will be allowed when required by clinical practice (for correction of hypocalcemia). Conclusion: The study will evaluate the real-world effect of Etelcalcetide on VKDP levels, such as BGP and MGP, at 3, 9, and 18 months from baseline. The resulting preservation of vascular and bone health will be assessed for the first time by examining aortic and iliac artery calcifications and vertebral fractures, respectively. Keywords: bone fractures; etecalcetide; hemodialysis; vascular calcification; vitamin K
Yield Stability of Drought Tolerant Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] Genotypes in Southern and West Hararghe, Ethiopia
Authors: Gebre Wedajo , Mekbib Firew , Tirfessa Alemu , Bekele Agdew
Published: August 2024

A multi-environment evaluation of sorghum genotypes was conducted across six environments in the 2021 main growing season in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The objectives of the study were to estimate the magnitude of genotypes by environment interaction (GEI) and grain yield stability of drought-tolerant sorghum genotypes across different environments. Data were subjected to analysis of variance, Additive Main Effects and Multiplicative Interaction (AMMI), and GGE biplot analysis. Combined analysis of variance revealed significant variations among genotypes, environments, and GEI for yield and yield-related traits, indicating that these factors significantly affected grain yield. The maximum mean grain yield value of genotypes due to the mean effect of the environment was obtained from G1 (5119.93kg ha-1), followed by G14 (4834.57 kg ha-1), and G18 (4801.20 ha-1), while the least mean grain yield was obtained from G3 (3314.50 kg ha-1). The multiplicative variance of the treatment sum of squares due to GEI was partitioned into four principal component axes (PCA). Sum squares of the first and second interaction principal component axis (IPCA) explained 71.07% and 17.50% of the GEI variation, respectively. The IPCA1&2 mean squares were highly significant (P≤0.01), indicating the adequacy of the AMMI model with the first two IPCAs for cross-validation of grain yield variation. The magnitude of the GEI sum squares was 3.9 times that of the genotype sum squares for grain yield, indicating the presence of substantial differences in genotypic responses across environments. The results of cultivar superiority measure (Pi), yield stability index (YSI), AMMI stability value (ASV), regression coefficient (bi), and deviation from regression (S2di) depicted that genotypes G18, G22, G31, and 32 were the most stable genotypes for grain yield and biomass yield, respectively. AMMI2 biplot showed Jinka, Alduba, and Kako were the most discriminating environments as indicated by the long distance from the origin; whereas testing locations Meioso and Gato with short vector length indicated that these locations had less discriminating power on the genotypes' performance. The study has provided precious information on the yield stability status of the sorghum genotypes and the best environments for future improvement programs in Ethiopia.
Unsustainable: Colonial imprints upon the food and habitat conditions (environs) of “Others”
Authors: Codling Rosetta
Published: August 2024

Sustainability is a concept which engages the weighted balance between economic, environmental and social domains for all life forms and man. Within the frame of sustainability, it is important to realize that coexistence is part of a single life equation. Damage to the environment, social spectrum, and economic sectors (through deviant practices) reap havoc upon all life forms. Sustainability insures the existence of all within the single equation of life. Unsustainable, colonial practices prevail upon the present and the future of life.Sustainability should advocate for healthy environs for all life forms (including, but not exclusive to humans) to sustain themselves. The neglect and/or omission of concern for this mandate will lead to the deuteriation and eventual expiration of any such life forms. Life cannot be sustained in an imposed, artificial domain which is suited solely for mercantile purposes. History has taught us that the cost of dismissing the errors of the past and forging on results in error. This article proposes to explore the impact of the exploitation of agricultural practices, food availability, deforestation, dislocation, and "voluntary tourism" upon "Others" stemming from colonial occupation.
Exploring Controllable Ability through Text-to-Image Diffusion Model for Painting-Style Design
Authors: Zhao Yifei , Liang Ziqi , Qiu Yingrui , Wang Xiaona , Yang Wanggong
Published: August 2024

Painting style and creativity are fundamental to art, defining a work’s uniqueness and expression. They embody an artist’s personality, convey emotions, establish identity, and shape audience perception, adding depth and value to the work. Recently, diffusion models have gained popularity in art design, animation, and gaming, especially in original painting creation, poster design, and visual identity development. Traditional creative processes, while demanding unique imagination and creativity, often face challenges such as slow innovation, high reliance on manual efforts, high costs, and limitations in scalability. Consequently, exploring painting-style creative design through deep learning has emerged as a promising trend. In this paper, we introduce a novel network architecture, the Painting-Style Design Assistant Network (PDANet), for style transformation. To support this, we curated the Painting-42 dataset, comprising 4,055 works by 42 renowned Chinese painters. PDANet leverages this dataset to capture the aesthetic intricacies of Chinese painting, offering rich design references. Furthermore, we propose a lightweight Identity-Net for large-scale text-to-image (T2I) models, which aligns internal knowledge with external control signals, thereby enhancing the capabilities of existing T2I models. The trainable Identity-Net feeds image prompts into the U-Net encoder to generate diverse and stable images. Both quantitative and qualitative analyses demonstrate that our approach outperforms current methods, delivering high-quality generated content with wide-ranging applicability.
Proposition of an Innovative Methodology Coupling Structure from Motion Photogrammetry and Reflectance Transformation Imaging as a Standard Workflow Tool for Documenting and Researching Painted Surfaces in 2.5D. The Case Study of a Mural Painting from the Palace of Tiryns
Authors: Tsairis Georgios , Alexopoulou Athina , Zacharias Nicolaos , Kakoulli Ioanna
Published: August 2024

Traditional painting artefacts study and documentation face the limitations of well-known recording tools and methods, such as handwritten or digital descriptions, scaled 2D drawings in situ, measurements with calipers, rulers or tape measures, sketches, tracings, as well as conventional or technical photographs. This paper advocates Close-Range Photogrammetry (SfM-MVS) and Reflectance Transformation Imaging (RTI) for recording vital morphological and 2.5D geometric features of painted surfaces with high accuracy. These digital tools, widely accessible due to increased computing power, enhance art observation, material study and conservation assessment. Despite specialized alternatives like 3D laser scanners, the focus here is on the cost-effective SfM-MVS and RTI, which offer advanced pixel colour accuracy. The ability to reproduce photorealistic textures proves essential for accurate documentation of painted artefacts. The paper showcases promising results from applying these methods to a mural from the Palace of Tiryns, justifying their fundamental role in an integrated scientific art study methodology.
Autonomous reproductive circuits in the scenario of the future development of civilization
Authors: Ermolenkov Viktor Vladimirovich
Published: August 2024

The article shows that the existing crisis manifestations in the leading countries of the capitalist economy will most likely lead the worldsystem to collapse into several large reproductive circuits. The formation of such structures must be designed taking into account the achievement of social and environmental well-being.
Compensation status of type 1 diabetes mellitus in adolescents of Perm Krai by the time of transition to the adult network
Authors:   Krai Children's Clinical Hospital of Perm Krai, Perm, Russian Federation, Akhmedova R.M. , Khudorozhkova O.M. ,   Krai Children's Clinical Hospital of Perm Krai, Perm, Russian Federation, Sofronova L.V. ,   E.A.Wagner Perm State Medical University, Perm, Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

Objective. To evaluate the degree of compensation of type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1) in adolescents of the Perm region at the time of transfer to the adult network taking into account the level of glycated hemoglobin, glycemic profile indicators and the presence of complications. Results. The paper presents the results of the examination of 72 adolescents suffering from DM1. The number of children and adolescents with this pathology in Perm Krai over the last 20 years has increased 3.2 times (2002 – 261, 2021 – 830), which is explained not only by the increase in morbidity, but also by the development of diabetes at an earlier age and, accordingly, by the longer duration of patients' stay under the supervision of a pediatric endocrinologist. At the time of transition to the adult network, 30 (41.7%) adolescents had microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus: retinopathy, nephropathy, and polyneuropathy. According to our data, there was a worsening of diabetes compensation with increasing years of diabetes. Unexpectedly, we found better diabetes compensation in patients who had the disease at preschool age and had more than 10 years of diabetes compared with adolescents who had the disease later. Patients with manifestation during puberty were more often diagnosed with complications. Conclusion. The course of DM1 is particularly unfavorable in patients who became ill during puberty and prepuberty; one third of these adolescents (35.1%) were in decompensation at the stage of transition to the adult network. More adolescents in the state of compensation and subcompensation at the age of 17.5–18 years were among patients who became ill in preschool age, despite the fact that they had more than 10 years of diabetes. A difficult task in treating a patient with DM1 is to create motivation for the patient to fulfill medical recommendations. Key words: children, compensation, adolescents, prevalence, type 1 diabetes, transition to adult network
Ultrasound examination of the lungs in the differential diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia in children
Authors:   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Sedova A.Yu. , Malakhov A.B. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation,   Research Clinical Institute of Childhood of the Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, Mytischi, Russian Federation, Aleksakova N.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Kolosova N.G. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Matveeva N.G. ,   Z.A.Bashlyaeva Children’s City Clinical Hospital, Moscow, Russian Federation, Grebeneva I.V. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Denisova V.D. ,   I.M.Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russian Federation, Mironova A.K. ,   Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
Published: August 2024

Due to the high prevalence of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), the study of new diagnostic methods for this disease remains relevant. In recent years, ultrasound examination of the lungs has increasingly attracted the attention of Russian and foreign researchers. This article presents a series of clinical cases with the highest reliability and significance of this diagnostic method. The goal of presenting these clinical cases was to describe the "findings" on lung ultrasound with different etiology of CAP. In all the presented clinical cases, bilateral changes were revealed, including B-lines, areas of consolidation, destruction, pleurisy. However, further studies with a larger sample of patients are needed to determine the sensitivity and reliability of this diagnostic method in toddler with CAP . Key words: community-acquired pneumonia, children, lung ultrasound, computed tomography of the chest
Translator's Subjectivity from the Perspective of Steiner's Hermeneutics: Taking the Chinese Translation of Moby Dick as an Example
Authors: Ye Jiamei , Zhang Jiaqi
Published: August 2024

Literary translation plays an indispensable role in modern cross-cultural communication. With the "cultural turn" of translation research the position of the translator and the subjective initiative in the process of translation have become more and more prominent. Steiner applies hermeneutics to translation and divides the process of translation into four processes, namely, initiative trust, aggression, incorporation and compensation. This paper will analyze the embodiment of translator's subjectivity in the Chinese translation of Moby Dick from the four steps of translation.
Metabolomic Profiling, In Vitro Antioxidant and Cytotoxicity Properties of Caulerpa racemosa : Functional Food of the Future from Algae
Authors: Nurkolis Fahrul , Taslim Nurpudji Astuti , Hardinsyah  , Radu Son , Mayulu Nelly , Tsopmo Apollinaire , Kurniawan Rudy , Tallei Trina Ekawati , Herlina Tati , Maksum Iman Permana
Published: August 2024

Marine macroalgae are nutraceuticals rich in nutritional profile and secondary bioactive metabolites. However, they have varied nutritional and biochemical qualities due to a variety of reasons. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical profile and biological activities of Caulerpa racemosa, edible green algae also known as Sea grapes. The study successfully identified secondary metabolites through metabolomic profiling untargeted by LC-HRMS as well as a bioactive peptide. In addition, antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of extracts and compounds were determined. A total of 103 metabolites were identified in C. racemosa extract obtained by the maceration, while 48 were detected in the soxhlet extract. A peptide with the sequence ELWKTF (Glu-Leu-Trp-Lys-Thr-Phe; C41H58N8O) and its abundance was identified in the α-chymotrypsin hydrolysate of C. racemosa. In the antioxidant activity test, Soxhletated-extract (ES) and purified fraction 1 (PF1) had half-maximal effective concentration (EC50) < EC50 of control/GSH (DPPH inhibition) and PF1 had EC50 < EC50 of control/Trolox (ABTS inhibition). The cytotoxicity results showed that macerated-extract (EM), ES, and PF1 as antioxidant agents in the observed EC50 were safe. In general, C. racemosa contains antioxidant nutrients, metabolites, and bioactive peptides, a factor that makes it a promising functional food and pharmaceutical.
GenSynthPop: Generating a Spatially Explicit Synthetic Population of Agents and Households from Aggregated Data
Authors: de Mooij Jan , Sonnenschein Tabea , Pellegrino Marco , Dastani Mehdi , Ettema Dick , Logan Brian , Verstegen Judith A.
Published: August 2024

Synthetic populations are representations of actual individuals living in a specific area. They play an increasingly important role in studying and modeling individuals and are often used to build agent-based social simulations. Traditional approaches for synthesizing populations use a detailed sample of the population (which may not be available) or combine data into a single joint distribution, and draw agents or households from these. The lattergroup of existing sample-free methods fail to integrate (1) the best available dataon spatial granular distributions, (2) multi-variable joint distributions, and (3) household level distributions. In this paper, we propose a sample-free approach where synthetic individuals and households directly represent the estimated joint distribution to which attributes are iteratively added, conditioned on previous attributes such that the relative frequencies within each joint group of attributes are maintained and fit granular spatial marginal distributions. In this paper wepresent our method and test it for the Zuid-West district of The Hague, theNetherlands, showing that spatial, multi-variable and household distributions areaccurately reflected in the resulting synthetic population.
WITHDRAWN: Clinical characterization and immunosuppressive regulation of DNAJCB5B in Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hu Junxi , Xu Jinye , Tian Shuyu , Zhang Dong , Wang Xiaolin , Shu Yusheng
Published: August 2024

The full text of this preprint has been withdrawn by the authors while they make corrections to the work. Therefore, the authors do not wish this work to be cited as a reference. Questions should be directed to the corresponding author.
An applied noise model for scintillation-based CCD detectors in transmission electron microscopy
Authors: Zietlow Christian , Lindner Jörg K. N.
Published: August 2024

Measurements in general are limited in accuracy by the presence of noise. This also holds true for highly sophisticated scintillation-based CCD cameras, as they are used in medical applications, astronomy or transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Further, signals measured with pixelated detectors are convolved with the inherent detector point spread function (PSF). The Poisson noise, arising from the quantized nature of the beam electrons, gets correlated by this convolution, which allows to reconstruct the detector PSF based on the Wiener–Khinchin theorem and the Pearson correlation coefficients under homogeneous illumination conditions. However, correlation also has a strong impact on the noise statistics of basic operations like the binning of signals, as it is usually done in electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). Thus, this paper aims to give an insight into the different noise contributions occurring on such detectors, into their underlying statistics and their correlation. Detectors usually suffer from gain non-linearities and quantum efficiency deviations, which must be corrected for optimal results. All these operations influence the noise and are influenced by it, vice versa. In this work, we mathematically describe all these changes and show them experimentally. Methods on how to measure individual noise and correlation parameters are described allowing readers to implement routines for finding them. Sufficient knowledge on the noise of a measurement is not only crucial for classifying its quality and meaningfulness, but also allows for better post-processing operations like deconvolution, which is a common practice in spectroscopy to enhance signals.
An individual-based dynamic model to assess interventions in a population of people who inject drugs
Authors: Gallant Kirsten , Lukeman Ryan
Published: August 2024

Background: Illicit opioid overdose continues to rise in North America and is a leading cause of death. Mathematical modeling is a valuable tool to investigate the epidemiology of this public health issue, as it can characterize key features of population outcomes and quantify the broader effect of structural and interventional changes on overdose mortality.
The aim of this study is to quantify and predict the impact of key harm reduction strategies at differing levels of scale-up on fatal and nonfatal overdose among a population of people who inject drugs (PWID) in Toronto.
Methods: An individual-based model of PWID was built featuring demographic and behavioural variation among members. Key individual attributes known to scale the risk of fatal and nonfatal overdose were identified and incorporated into a dynamic modeling framework, wherein every member of the simulated population encompasses a set of distinct characteristics that govern demographics, intervention usage, and overdose incidence. The model was parametrized to fatal and nonfatal overdose events reported in Toronto in 2019. The interventions considered were opioid agonist therapy (OAT), supervised consumption sites (SCS), take-home naloxone (THN), drug-checking, and reducing fentanyl in the drug supply. Harm reduction scenarios were explored relative to a baseline model to examine the impact of each intervention being scaled from 0% use to 100% use on overdose events.
Results: Model simulations resulted in 3690.6 nonfatal and 295.4 fatal overdoses, coinciding with 2019 data from Toronto. From this baseline, at full scale-up, 290 deaths were averted by THN, 248 from eliminating fentanyl from the drug supply, 124 from SCS use, 173 from OAT, and 100 by drug-checking services. Drug-checking and reducing fentanyl in the drug supply were the only harm reduction strategies that reduced the number of nonfatal overdoses.
Conclusions: Within a multi-faceted harm reduction approach, scaling up take-home naloxone, and reducing fentanyl in the drug supply led to the largest reduction in overdose fatality among PWID in Toronto. Detailed model simulation studies provide an additional tool to assess and inform public health policy on harm reduction.
Scientific Analysis Reveals the Archaeological Connotation of the Earliest Bronze Round-sculpted Horses in China: a Comprehensive Technical Investigation
Authors: He Yuan , Qu Xiangnan , Liu Yangxinghe , Li Yanli , Liu Cheng
Published: August 2024

The two bronze horses unearthed from the tomb during the late Shang period on the Loess Plateau represent the earliest known examples of independent round-sculpted horse artworks in China, but their archaeological connotation has not yet been effectively recognized. Based on the preliminary observation of surface craft traces, we conducted a comprehensive technical investigation on the bronze horses, including the technology of casting, alloying, production of clay casting cores as well as the potential casting place, utilizing optical microscopes (OM), a scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrometer (SEM-EDS), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and a synchronous thermal analyzer. The comparative study with related materials indicates that the two bronze horses are a pair of drinking vessels imitating the animal shape, with a style that combines local and Central Plains elements. They were cast in the Loess Plateau, while it is likely that the metal raw materials and production technology were either directly or indirectly imported from the Central Plains. In this study, we conducted technical characterization of the clay casting materials utilized in Lijiaya culture’s bronze artifacts for the first time, which is of enlightening significance for comprehensively revealing the picture of the bronze handicraft industry in the Loess Plateau during the late Shang period.
Predictive Model for Flexion Pattern of Chronic Low Back Pain Among Office Workers
Authors: Yoo Hwaik , Kwon Ohyun , Yi Chunghwi , Cho Sanghyun , Jeon Hyeseon , Choi Woochol Joseph
Published: August 2024

Background
The purpose of this study was to establish a prediction model for classifying the presence of flexion pattern chronic low back pain (CLBP) in office workers, including physical, individual, psychological, and occupational factors.
Methods
Ninety-five office workers (48 workers with CLBP and 47 workers without CLBP) participated in this study. Hip flexion ROM (HFR), knee extension ROM, knee extension ROM with ankle dorsiflexion, hip internal rotation ROM (HIR), hip flexor strength, pelvic posterior tilt angle (PPTA) in habitual sitting, and trunk extensor endurance were measured. Twelve variables (9 physical variables and age, sex, body mass index, Beck Depression Index, and working duration) were used to develop the prediction model for the presence of flexion pattern CLBP using logistic regression.
Results
The probability of the presence of flexion pattern CLBP significantly decreased with an odds ratio of HFR 0.884 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.817―0.957) and HIR 0.860 (95% CI = 0.799―0.926), but it increased with an odds ratio of PPTA in habitual sitting 1.190 (95% CI = 1.058―1.339). Our model showed acceptable accuracy of 82.1% and an area under the receiver operating characteristics curve of 0.898
Conclusions
HFR, HIR, and PPTA in habitual sitting could serve as guidelines for preventing and managing flexion pattern CLBP in office workers.
Using GIS and Machine Learning to Monitor Sandbars along the Niger River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Okpobiri Okechukwu , Moses Paaru , Eteh Desmond Rowland , Omonefe Francis
Published: August 2024

The use of GIS and machine learning techniques to map sand bars along the Niger River in the Niger Delta, Nigeria, spanning the period from 1974 to 2024. It integrates DEM, Landsat series satellite imagery obtained from the USGS. Rainfall data from 1983 to 2023, sourced from the Center for Hydrometeorology and Remote Sensing, supplements the analysis. Object-Based Image Analysis is employed to identify and map sand bars, while Support Vector Machines automate classification to ensure precision and recall metrics. ArcGIS 10.5 tracks temporal changes, revealing significant morphological shifts influenced by both natural processes and human activities. Statistical analysis of sand bar area indicated varied trends: a mean area decline from 183.66 km² in 1974 to 67.53 km² in 2004, followed by fluctuations and a slight increase to 140.27 km² by 2024. From 1974 to 1984, the sand bar decreased by 35%, indicating a period of erosion, while from 2004 to 2014, there was a surprising increase of 100.55%, followed by a more stable period with a 3.57% increase from 2014 to 2024. Spatial autocorrelation analysis confirmed positive correlations between sand bar characteristics and elevation, reflecting localized influences on sand bar dynamics. Moreover, rainfall patterns exhibited a strong correlation (R² = 0.7576) with sand bar changes, underscoring the role of climatic variability in sediment transport and deposition processes. Grain size analysis reveals that medium to coarse sands dominate sandbar composition, influencing their stability and susceptibility to environmental changes. Comparisons with global trends highlight similarities in sandbar dynamics across riverine environments.
Mental Health Trajectories and Psychosocial Factors Associated with Resilience Among Palliative Care Professionals
Authors: Cuchet Isabelle , Maneval Axelle , Dambrun Michael
Published: August 2024

Context: Palliative care professionals are exposed to significant stressors or Potentially Traumatic Events (PTEs) due to their work with suffering and dying patients, as well as stressors related to work organization and personal life. The long-term impact of these experiences on their mental health remains unclear. Additionally, factors such as social support, autonomy, psychological demands, psychological flexibility, mindfulness, and self-compassion have not been studied over the long term among these professionals.
Objectives: This six-month longitudinal study aims to identify the mental health trajectories of palliative care professionals in relation to specific stressors. We hypothesized that dispositional resources such as self-compassion, mindfulness, and psychological flexibility promote resilience, considering participants’ perceptions of their work environment.
Method: An online questionnaire was developed and distributed twice at six-month intervals (November 2022, t1, and May 2023, t2) to palliative care professionals in France (e.g., doctors, nurses, care assistants, psychologists). Of the initial 379 participants at t1, 280 completed both waves of the questionnaire, resulting in a 26% attrition rate.
Results: Among the various PTEs measured, the chronic stress of accumulating end-of-life care in the last six months at t2 was the most robust predictor of mental health when controlling for the same health variable at t1. Participants followed one of two trajectories between t1 and t2 across our three mental health components: a resilience trajectory (63.21% ≤ size ≤ 68.93%) or a chronic distress trajectory (31.07% ≤ size ≤ 36.79%), consistent with resilience trajectory theory. Psychological flexibility significantly increased the probability of following a trajectory of resilience on the Burnout-CF (OR = 1.08; 95% CI:1.01, 1.15) and well-being components (OR = 1.11; 95% CI:1.03, 1.18).
Prevalence and Risk Factors of Incisional Hernia Following Abdominal Surgery Among Yemeni Patients: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Issa Mohammed Ali , Al-Amry Ali Lotf , Obadiel Yasser Abdurabo , Al-Jabri Eissa Ali , Jowah Haitham Mohammed
Published: August 2024

Purpose
Incisional hernia (IH) is a common and serious complication of abdominal surgery, but risk factors and optimal preventive strategies are not yet fully defined. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, timing and risk factors for IH following abdominal surgery in a high-risk patient population.
Patients and Methods :
A retrospective review of 222 patients who underwent abdominal surgery was conducted in two hospitals in Yemen. The demographics of the patients, surgical variables and postoperative outcomes were analyzed. The prevalence and timing of IH were determined and univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed to identify risk factors for IH.
Results
The overall prevalence of IH was 19%, with 57% of cases occurring within 1 year after surgery (median 11 months). In the univariate analysis, significant risk factors for IH included ASA grade (p < 0.001), smoking (p = 0.044), diabetes (p = 0.003), hypertension (p = 0.044), malnutrition (p = 0.022), trauma (p < 0.001), peritonitis (p = 0.001), surgical site infection (SSI) (p = 0.015) and wound dehiscence (p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, only postoperative wound dehiscence (odds ratio [OR] 9.874, 95% CI 3.317–29.389, p < 0.001) and poor nutritional status (OR 9.899, 95% CI 1.777–55.161, p = 0.009) emerged as independent risk factors for IH.
Conclusion
Our study found a higher prevalence of IH compared to some studies and identified several risk factors, including ASA, smoking, diabetes, hypertension, malnutrition, trauma, peritonitis, SSI and wound dehiscence. Wound dehiscence and poor nutritional status emerged as independent risk factors for the development of IH. Optimizing preoperative nutrition, managing postoperative infections, and preventing wound complications to reduce the risk of IH are crucial. More research is needed to explore the complex relationships between these factors and the occurrence of IH, ultimately leading to targeted interventions that can improve patient outcomes.
Perceptions of Lgbtiq+ Population in a Nigerian Cosmopolitan City: Implications and Projected Pathways in Criminalization
Authors: Iloma David O. , Effiong James E. , Ijere Ignatius
Published: August 2024

Background Compared to those of other African countries, studies examining LGBTIQ + in Nigeria are scarce, while the perceptions of people with an LGBTIQ + orientation have not received adequate scholarly attention. In view of this, the present study aimed to explore the perceptions of the LGBTIQ + population in a cosmopolitan Nigerian city.Method This study utilized a cross-sectional analytical survey design and purposive technique to analyze the perceptions of 302 respondents to understand the disposition of people toward members of LGBTIQ + and, in so doing, to deduce workable pathways for handling the stigmatizing, discriminating and ostracizing treatment members of the LGBTIQ + experience. In assessing the key study variables, a qualitative 5-statement semi-interview questionnaire was developed and validated by the researchers to investigate the research objectives. Using IBM SPSS statistical tools, descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized.Results The results showed a prevalence rate of 40.7% for perceived severe criminalization by LGBTIQ + persons, while the main finding employing hierarchical regressions was that gender was the only independent significant predictor of perception of LGBTIQ+ (β = − .13, SE = .06, F = 5.37; p = .02), accounting for 1.8% of the variance in perceptions of the LGBTIQ + community and criminalization dimensions. Additionally, the majority of participants suggested severe measures for necrophilia, bestiality, and transsexuals; they were moderate toward gay and lesbian individuals in comparison.Conclusions In line with the findings, conclusions and recommendations were outlined, while policy implications and conclusions were drawn in a bid to address societal perceptions about the LGBTIQ + community and projected pathways in criminalizing the LGBTIQ + population in Nigeria.