bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The seasonal nature of tourist flows in relation to meteorological conditions as illustrated by the case of Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship
Authors: Koźmiński Czesław , Michalska Bożena
Published: July 2016

The analysis is based on the materials published by the Statistical Office in Szczecin for 2000-14, presented on a monthly basis, concerning the total number of tourists (including foreign tourists) and the overnight stays. The distribution of the number of tourists and their accommodation per month and season was correlated with mean monthly values for air temperature, cloudiness and wind speed. Meteorological data for the period 2000-14, as averaged for the whole voivodeship, was obtained from four IMGW stations (Świnoujście, Koszalin, Szczecin and Szczecinek). Statistical analysis was conducted and time trends of the number of tourists and overnight stays were identified for individual months with the use of linear and polynomial regression. The seasonal nature of tourist flows was assessed by the number of tourists and accommodation provided for tourists in summer compared to winter, and spring to autumn. Air temperature and cloudiness were found to have the greatest effect on the uneven distribution of tourist numbers across a year. Each year, approximately 1.7 million tourists visit Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, 1.1 million of which (i.e. 66%) stay on the coast.
The Need and Obstacles in Collaborative Engineering
Authors: Bârsan Vlad-Andrei , Bondrea Ioan
Published: July 2016

The purpose of this paper is to explain the need for collaboration and to investigate the obstacles in collaborative engineering. The first part is about defining the term collaboration. The second part focuses on the information outside the domain of engineering which could prove to be valuable to this field as well. The final part shows different obstacles in collaborative engineering.
Risk Perception Related to Critical Infrastructure
Authors: Badea Dorel , Macovei Crenguţa , Bucoveţchi Olga Maria Cristina , Coman Marian
Published: July 2016

Through this article it is brought to attention the essential aspects related to the perceived risks for critical infrastructure, both theoretically and practically, considering perception as an important input in the risk management process. For the practical part, the added value component in the field consists from the results of research based on survey, conducted in a wider framework of determining the level of awareness of the critical infrastructure issue by a pilot sample, consisting of persons with managerial and operational attributions in this sector.
Regional sectoral structure of the support realised through the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation 2007–2013
Authors: Kostić Miroslav
Published: July 2016

Within the previous programming period, the Operational Programme Enterprise and Innovation represented the main tool of the EU cohesion policy in the Czech Republic for the support of businesses in manufacturing and related services. The article analyses sectoral structure of realised projects and financial subsidy allocated through the programme at the level of Czech regions. A significant part of branches strongly represented by realised projects in particular regions belongs at the same time to branches considerably concentrated within the same regions. Nevertheless, besides these regionally traditional branches of manufacturing industry and related services, a number of other branches were identified with an above-average representation on projects or financial subsidy within particular regions. In the last part of the text, results of the sectoral structure analysis are looked at from the perspective of smart specialisation areas which form a binding support framework for the area of entrepreneurship, innovation and research in the current programming period. Certain continuity in the importance for regional economies can be noticed in the case of many traditional regional industries - their position strengthened by the investment in the last programming period has been confirmed by inclusion of these branches into the list of smart specialisation areas for the current programming period.
Adapting Structuration theory as a Comprehensive Theory for Distance Education: The ASTIDE Model
Authors: Aktaruzzaman Md , Plunkett Margaret
Published: July 2016

Distance Education (DE) theorists have argued about the requirement for a theory to be comprehensive in a way that can explicate many of the activities associated with DE. Currently, Transactional Distance Theory (TDT) (Moore, 1993) and the Theory of Instructional Dialogue (IDT) (Caspi & Gorsky, 2006) are the most prominent theories, yet they still do not represent a unified and comprehensive theory for DE. This paper provides a review of the existing literature on DE theories and identifies potential gaps in theorising distance education. Building on Giddens’ (1984) work, an innovative approach to theorising DE is proposed through the conceptualisation of the Adapting Structuration Theory In Distance Education (ASTIDE) model as a means to explicate DE operations and practices at the institutional and national/international level. It also presents evidence, from a larger study, of the necessity of a comprehensive model such as the ASTIDE constructed through an investigation into the DE systems of developing and developed countries.
The refugee regime and its weaknesses. Prospects for human rights and Kant’s ethic
Authors: Koudelka Josef
Published: July 2016

When governments create refugee policies they consider several factors (security, economics, ethics, etc.). There are reasons why admitting refugees could have negative consequences (for example, security risks). On the other hand, if the recipient societies have ideals that stress the importance of helping other people, they should act according to their values. The aim of this article is to examine the concept of human dignity and show that European states should admit and help refugees because it is in accordance with their ethical values and the international agreements they have signed. This is important because when European countries hesitate to help refugees, they act not only contrary to their humane tradition, but they can harm them. The western concept of human dignity is one of the main values that stresses that each person is important—that they are equal and free.
Does an ideal prototype of a twin mother exist?
Authors: Hudadi Noy , Tul Natasa , Trojner Bregar Andreja , Verdenik Ivan , Lucovnik Miha , Blickstein Isaac
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate the association of a set (or the lack thereof) of pre-gravid maternal features with a better outcome in terms of gestational age and birth weight of twins.

Methods

Analysis of a Slovenian population-based cohort of all dichorionic twin pairs born at ≥22 weeks during an 11-year period from 2002 to 2013. The independent variables included tall stature (≥170 cm), multiparity, and normal pregravid body mass index (BMI). The outcome variables included gestational age and total twin birth weight.

Results

We studied 3232 dichorionic twins. Being “tall”, multiparous, and with a normal pregravid BMI was significantly associated with a higher total twin birth weight, more advanced gestational age, fewer sets with a total twin birth weight <3000 g, fewer births at ≤32 weeks, more pairs with a total twin birth weight >5000 g and more pairs born at ≥37 weeks. In contrast, women with the converse features had a significantly worse outcome. Being just multiparous was different only in the incidence of total twin birth weight >5000 g.

Conclusion

Maternal stature >170 cm, being multiparous, and having a normal pregravid BMI is association with improved outcomes in terms of gestational age and birth weight of twins.
Trade between Ottoman Empire and Western Europe: the Case of İzmir in the Eighteenth Century
Authors: Frangakis-Syrett Elena
Published: July 2016

The main objectives of this article are to delineate the economic activities of the port of İzmir in the eighteenth century and to show that İzmir, during the course of the century, developed into the most important port in the import and export trade of the Ottoman Empire with western Europe. The French, operating out of Marseilles, were the principal trading partners of both İzmir and the Ottoman Empire at the time. Among the other most important western European communities that did business in İzmir were the British and the Dutch. İzmir was also the centre of complex and diverse financial transactions that were as important as trade and sometimes even more. Furthermore, this study shows the key role that non-Muslims played in the economic activities of the city-port. İzmir's close commercial relations with major western European economic centres makes the city-port of great importance for the study of Ottoman economic history in the eighteenth century.
The Transformation of Oriental Tobacco Production in the Aegean Turkey
Authors: Koç Mustafa
Published: July 2016

The persistence of simple commodity production (SCP) in capitalist economies has been a challenge to classical theories of the development of capitalism in agriculture, which considered SCP as a transitional phenomenon, doomed to disappear. SCP has not only persisted under capitalism but has become the predominant form of production in several branches of agriculture both in developing as well as in advanced capitalist countries. In the recent debate on the fate of SCP in agriculture, various observers have pointed out that necessary conditions for the reproduction of simple commodity producing families exist within capitalist formations and as long as these conditions prevail, the persistence of SCP will not be an anomaly (Friedmann, 1980 and 1986; Mann and Dickinson, 1978; Scott, 1986). Pursuing this latter position, this paper attempts to examine the conditions that led to the emergence and consolidation of SCP in Oriental tobacco production, in the Aegean region of Turkey.
Second Thoughts on Smallholders: Tea Production, The State, and Social Differentiation in the Rize Region
Authors: Hann C. M.
Published: July 2016

Many specialists in comparative farming systems and agrarian social structures have recognized in recent decades the resilience and vitality of non-capitalistic family farming (Harriss, 1982; Shanin, 1987). For Turkey, both the general characteristics and many regional variations were well established by Aresvik (1975). Recent work by Çağlar Keyder (1983) has traced the genesis of modern Turkish rural society back to the Ottoman period and outlined the different trajectories that particular types of community may undergo, utilizing an explanatory framework grounded in political economy. The main thrust of Keyder's argument is that the free peasantry which played an important role throughout Anatolian history has been emphatically consolidated in the Republican period. In particular, the dramatic changes of the 1950s ushered in an era of petty commodity producer domination.
Traders and Customs Officials in 1660S Iskenderun
Authors: Faroqhi Suraiya
Published: July 2016

Present-day Iskenderun (Alexandrette) is a purely modern city. Throughout the pre-Tanzimat period, settlement in this locality was insignificant, and the name of Iskenderun denoted a landing stage (iskele), rather than a town or city. When the traveller Evliya Çelebi passed through Iskenderun in the middle of the seventeenth century, he noted the fact that there was no business district or even shop-lined street, no khan and no public bath (Evliya Çelebi, 1314/1896-97 to 1938, Vol. 3, pp. 46-47; Vol. 9, p. 367 ff.). Moreover, since the few inhabitants were all non-Muslims, there was no mosque, but Evliya did not notice any churches either. Thus seventeenth-century Iskenderun belonged to a very specific category of settlement found in other parts of the Ottoman Empire as well as in medieval northern Europe or seventeenth-century Mexico: very few people lived there permanently, but during the seasonal arrival of ships, the settlements came to life, only to empty again during the “dead season.” In the present study, we will attempt to sketch the commercial activity that went on in Iskenderun during the second half of the seventeenth century and explain why the place, in spite of an advantageous geographical location, did not develop into a town.
Trade, Traders and the State in Eighteenth-Century Erzurum
Authors: Erim Neşe
Published: July 2016

In the present paper, we deal with traders who crossed the border between the Ottoman Empire and Iran during the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries. These merchants are at once a topic of much scholarly debate and virtually unknown. Little trace has survived of their everyday activities, but they are repeatedly mentioned in Niels Steensgaard's well-known work on pedlars and European companies, in which he has analyzed the activities of merchants who confronted two great “protection-producing” and “redistributive” empires, namely the Ottoman and the Safavid, and who also needed to cope with competition from the European regulated companies (Steensgaard, 1974, pp. 22-59). Larger capital resources, advance knowledge of markets, and a commercial organization which enabled traders to take advantage of seasonally low prices were the companies’ advantages, while peddling merchants had but limited resources and were therefore vulnerable.
British Economic Activities in Izmir in the Second Half of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries
Authors: Frangakis-Syrett Elena
Published: July 2016

In the second half of the nineteenth and the early twentieth centuries, British entrepreneurs were prominent in all the major sectors of the Izmir economy, forming one of the most important western communities in the city. They played an active role in the city's large commercial sector, not only in imports and exports, but also in complementary sectors such as insurance and maritime transportation. They also participated in money-lending and tax-farming. As the light-industrial sector of Izmir's economy grew, British entrepreneurs took advantage of the new opportunities offered there. They were particularly prominent in sectors that needed large capital resources and technological expertise, such as mining or infrastructure projects. Despite their strong economic presence, at no time did they monopolize any sector. Their dominance in various sectors was constantly challenged and at times checked by strong competition from other capital, both western and local. Nevertheless, the larger British houses attempted to dominate the sector in which they specialized, and constantly diversified their economic activities and patterns of investment. Despite intense competition, the British maintained a primary position in Izmir's economy throughout this period.
Anatolia and Egypt during the Nineteenth Century: A Comparison of Foreign Trade and Foreign Investment
Authors: Pamuk Şevket
Published: July 2016

For the economies of the Middle East, the nineteenth century was a period of rapid integration into the world economy. Some of the forces behind this process came from Europe. In the aftermath of the Industrial Revolution, Great Britain and later the Continental economies began to turn towards areas beyond Europe in order to establish markets for their manufactures and also secure inexpensive sources of foodstuffs and raw materials. As a result, European commercial penetration into the Middle East gained new momentum in the 1820s after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. Later, starting around mid-century, commercial penetration began to be accompanied by European investments in the Middle East in the forms of lending to governments and direct investment in railways, ports, banks, trading companies, and even agricultural land. A large part of this investment served to increase the export orientation of the Middle Eastern economies.
London, Paris, Istanbul, and Cairo: Fashion And International Trade in the Nineteenth Century
Authors: Micklewright Nancy
Published: July 2016

This paper is an examination of the relationship between the Anglo-Turkish Convention of 1838 and the transformation in Ottoman women's dress which took place during the nineteenth century. Until now, there has been a tendency to assume a direct cause-and-effect relationship between the Anglo-Turkish Convention and other economic treaties of the period, and fashion. The argument has been that the substantial increase in the volume of imported textiles and other goods led to a change in clothing styles, and indeed to changes in Ottoman taste generally, but my study of Ottoman women's dress indicates that the situation was much more complex. It is clear that the transformation in dress was well under way by the time of the Anglo-Turkish Convention, proceeding at its own rate, tied to events other than the treaty. In this context, fashion represents one of a whole complex of components of culture which, although affected by economic developments, are primarily social phenomena. Examining an area such as fashion (or painting or theater, for instance) will lead to a richer understanding of the period of the Anglo-Turkish Convention.
Capital Account Liberalization: The Case of Turkey
Authors: Altinkemer Melike , Ekinci Nazim K.
Published: July 2016

After experiencing serious macroeconomic imbalances in the 1977-1980 period, fundamental policy changes were introduced in Turkey on January 24, 1980. The problems addressed were typical of a middle income country constrained by its balance of payments: inability to service foreign debt and inability to finance imports required for production, high inflation rates, and all other related macroeconomic imbalances. The reasons for the 1977-1980 crisis and subsequent developments, including post-1980 developments, have already been studied extensively by a number of researchers. We shall, therefore, refer the reader to the relevant literature (e.g. Celasun and Rodrik, 1989; Ekinci, 1990; Uygur, 1991) and concentrate on the narrower topic of external financial liberalization or capital account liberalization and the related topic of exchange rates which has attracted much less attention.
Efficiency of sequence synthesis methods with the «not more than one coincidence» property
Authors: Nevrev A. I. , Galchenkov O. N.
Published: July 2016

The author presents an expression for determining the minimum possible length of binary sequences with «not more than one coincidence» property. Obtained low bound length value allows quantitatively estimating efficiency of any known synthesis methods for creation of binary sequences with «not more than one coincidence» property. The efficiency of known methods of creating binary sequences based on extended Galois fields theory is analyzed by comparing the obtained sequences length with a theoretical low bound estimation. The paper shows high performance of the known methods of creation of sequences with «not more than one coincidence» property based on extended Galois fields.
Type II Cochlear Ganglion Neurons Do Not Drive the Olivocochlear Reflex: Re-Examination of the Cochlear Phenotype in Peripherin Knock-Out Mice
Authors: Maison Stéphane , Liberman Leslie D. , Liberman M. Charles
Published: July 2016

The cochlear nerve includes a small population of unmyelinated sensory fibers connecting outer hair cells to the brain. The functional role of these type II afferent neurons is controversial, because neurophysiological data are sparse. A recent study (Froud et al., 2015) reported that targeted deletion of peripherin, a type of neurofilament, eliminated type II afferents and inactivated efferent feedback to the outer hair cells, thereby suggesting that type II afferents were the sensory drive to this sound-evoked, negative-feedback reflex, the olivocochlear pathway. Here, we re-evaluated the cochlear phenotype in mice from the peripherin knock-out line and show that (1) type II afferent terminals are present in normal number and (2) olivocochlear suppression of cochlear responses is absent even when this efferent pathway is directly activated by shocks. We conclude that type II neurons are not the sensory drive for the efferent reflex and that peripherin deletion likely causes dysfunction of synaptic transmission between olivocochlear terminals and their peripheral targets.
The Miracle of the Golden Arches
Authors: Chatelain Marcia
Published: July 2016

“The Miracle of the Golden Arches: Race and Fast Food in Los Angeles” examines the Los Angeles chapter of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) and its advocacy on behalf of the city’s black McDonald’s franchisees. The franchisees believed that McDonald’s limited their ability to franchise restaurants outside of predominately black neighborhoods. Analyzing the rhetoric surrounding these disputes, the article argues that despite their economic prosperity as a group, African American McDonald’s franchisees often found themselves in an uneasy position as models of racial progress and victims of racial discrimination. The article covers the period between two urban uprisings—the aftermath of Martin Luther King’s assassination in 1968 and the days after police officers were acquitted of beating Rodney King in 1992—to expose the relationship between McDonald’s and black consumers in moments of economic, social, and racial crisis.
Simultaneous determination of paeoniflorin and albiflorin in radix paeoniae rubra by HPLC—DAD—ELSD
Authors: Zhu Mei-Xia , Li Sheng-Nan , You Hai-Dan , Han Bin , Wang Zhi-Ping , Hu Yan-Xi , Li Jin , Liu Yu-Feng
Published: July 2016

High-performance liquid chromatography coupled with photodiode array detection and evaporative light scattering detection (HPLC—DAD—ELSD) was established to determine paeoniflorin and albiflorin simultaneously in Radix Paeoniae Rubra. The assay was performed on a Diamonsil C18 (4.6 mm × 250 mm, 5 μm) column by a gradient elution program with acetonitrile and aqueous formic acid (0.05% v/v) as mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min−1. The detection wavelength of DAD was 230 nm, and the evaporator tube temperature of ELSD was set at 110 °C with the nebulizing gas flow rate of 3 L min−1. The temperature of column was kept at 30 °C. The linear ranges of paeoniflorin and albiflorin were within 0.050–1.510 mg mL−1 and 1.007–5.035 mg mL−1. The recoveries of paeoniflorin and albiflorin were 96.2–102.9% and 95.0–102.4%, respectively, while the relative standard deviation (RSD) of them was 0.2–2.5%. This method was quick, simple, accurate, and specific. It could be used for the quality control of Radix Paeoniae Rubra. The proposed approach was expected as a powerful tool for the quality control of Radix Paeoniae Rubra.
Development and validation of a high-performance size-exclusion chromatography method for polymer determination in cefmetazole sodium for injection
Authors: Zhong J. , Chen Y.C. , Liu X.Y.
Published: July 2016

This study aims to develop and validate a high-performance size-exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) method to determine the amount of polymer in cefmetazole sodium for injection and to compare this method with gel chromatography. A Zenix SEC-150 column was used with the mobile phase of phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.0; 0.01 M)—acetonitrile (90:10 v/v) at a flow rate of 0.8 mL min−1 and a detection wavelength of 240 nm. The polymer was quantified by an external standard method with self-control, and the amount was expressed by the percentage of cefmetazole. The HPSEC method was validated for specificity, linearity, and precision. The chromatographic conditions, chromatographic performances, sensitivity, linearity, and precision of the developed HPSEC method and gel chromatography were compared, and both methods were subsequently used to determine the amount of polymer from seven batches of samples. The HPSEC method was fully validated. The time of isocratic elution for sample assay was less than 14 min. The results of comparison indicate that the developed HPSEC method was superior to gel chromatography. The Student t test results also showed significant difference in the amount of polymer from the samples obtained by the two methods. Thus, the HPSEC method with two obvious advantages, the superior sensitivity and a shorter analysis time, is more suitable for determination of polymer amount in cefmetazole sodium for injection to control the quality of the product.
Historical overview of the development of jazz in Portugal, in the first half of the twentieth century
Authors: Cravinho Pedro
Published: July 2016

The principal aim of this article is to give an historical overview of the development of jazz in Portugal during the first half of the twentieth century. As a matter of fact, little is known in the international jazz research community about Portuguese jazz historiography. Perhaps the best-known jazz-related episode was Charlie Haden’s arrest by the Portuguese political police in November 1971. However, the history of jazz in Portugal as musical and social practice is more complex than just the American musicians who visited the country. This article traces a broad perspective of the perceptions and attitudes of jazz held by musicians, aficionados and detractors, and the way in which those representations, perceptions and attitudes were conditioned by certain social-political conditions of the Portuguese history. It starts with the reception of the music in Portugal in the post WWI years and early jazz criticism. Statements about jazz that represent the dominant positions are analysed according to the Portuguese colonial ideology of the time. It continues with the development of jazz during both the Military Dictatorship period (1926–1932), and the Portuguese Estado Novo regime’s early years (1933–1945). It concludes in the post WWII years, with the emergence of Lisbon’s jazz scene and the foundation of Hot Club of Portugal.
Measurement of the specific surface area of loose copper deposit by electrochemical methods
Authors: Dolmatova E. A. , Patrushev A. V. , Ostanina T. N.
Published: July 2016

In the work the surface area of the electrode with dispersed copper deposit obtained within 30 seconds was evaluated by techniques of chronopotentiometry (CPM) and impedance spectroscopy. In method CPM the electrode surface available for measurement depends on the value of the polarizing current. At high currents during the transition time there is a change of surface relief that can not determine the full surface of loose deposit. The electrochemical impedance method is devoid of this shortcoming since the measurements are carried out in indifferent electrolyte in the absence of current. The area measured by the impedance is tens of times higher than the value obtained by chronopotentiometry. It is found that from a solution containing sulfuric acid the deposits form with a high specific surface area. Based on these data it was concluded that the method of impedance spectroscopy can be used to measure in situ the surface area of the dispersed copper deposits.
Hearing Loss in Children with Craniofacial Microsomia
Authors: Mitchell Ryan M. , Saltzman Babette S. , Norton Susan J. , Harrison Robert G. , Heike Carrie L. , Luquetti Daniela V. , Sie Kathleen C.Y.
Published: July 2016

Objective

To evaluate the association between craniofacial phenotype and hearing loss in children with craniofacial microsomia.

Design

Retrospective cohort study.

Setting

Tertiary care children's hospital.

Patients

Individuals with craniofacial microsomia.

Main Outcome Measures

Ear-specific audiograms and standardized phenotypic classification of facial characteristics.

Results

A total of 79 participants were included in the study. The mean age was 9 years (range, 1 to 23 years) and approximately 60% were boys. Facial anomalies were bilateral in 39 participants and unilateral in 40 participants (24 right, 16 left). Microtia (hypoplasia of the ear) was the most common feature (94%), followed by mandibular hypoplasia (76%), soft tissue deficiency (60%), orbital hypoplasia or displacement (53%), and facial nerve palsy (32%). Sixty-five individuals had hearing loss (12 bilateral and 53 unilateral). Hearing loss was conductive in 73% of affected ears, mixed in 10%, sensorineural in 1%, and indeterminate in 16%. Hypoplasia of the ear or mandible was frequently associated with ipsilateral hearing loss, although contralateral hearing loss occurred in 8% of hemifaces.

Conclusions

Hearing loss is strongly associated with malformations of the ipsilateral ear in craniofacial microsomia and is most commonly conductive. Hearing loss can occur contralaterally to the side with malformations in children with apparent hemifacial involvement. Children with craniofacial microsomia should receive early diagnostic hearing assessments.
Pore pressure based method to quantify smear around a vertical drain
Authors: Choudhary K. , Indraratna B. , Rujikiatkamjorn C.
Published: July 2016

Radial consolidation testing of Ballina clay (New South Wales, Australia) was carried out using a large-scale consolidometer 650 mm in diameter. In this study, the characteristics of the smear zone were evaluated on the basis of hydraulic gradient changes derived from the measured excess pore pressure data in the radial direction. The extent of the smear zone determined using this technique is compared with past approaches, where the variations in water content and lateral permeability were adopted to evaluate smear. The approach proposed herein based on the change of hydraulic gradient coincides with the previous two methods, and the smear zone could be established at almost 2·5 times the effective mandrel diameter. A good agreement is also found between the theoretical radial consolidation predictions, after incorporating the smear zone characteristics and the measured time–settlement curve. The proposed method for the determination of smear zone extent can be carried out during consolidation with minimum disturbance to soil, provided a sufficient number of pore pressure transducers are installed. It also eliminates the need for a number of soil samples and high-quality soil sampling technique after the installation of the drain.
Clients' subjective experience of their participation in rehabilitation at an out-patient community rehabilitation center
Authors: Kloppers Maatje , Pretorius Blanche , Vlok Elizabeth Daphné
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Rehabilitation services in South Africa are governed by various policies. It is important to evaluate these services to assess if the services are achieving their aims as set out in these policies. The evaluation should include the outcomes that clients achieve by participating in rehabilitation services.Method: The findings presented were obtained as part of a larger mixed methods descriptive study and this paper will focus on clients' subjective experience of participating in rehabilitation. Convenience sampling was used to select 78 clients from the five most prevalent diagnostic groups seen at the centre. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, transcribed and analysed by means of basic content analysis.Results: Clients commented on the emotional impact that participating in rehabilitation had had on them and on the physical changes it had brought about. Clients experienced a high level of satisfaction with the service and enjoyed participating in rehabilitation. The knowledge, skills and confidence that they gained enabled them to be more independent in Daily life activities and to share this knowledge with others in their community.Conclusions: The results emphasise the importance of providing rehabilitation services for persons with disabilities that are based in their community. It will be useful in further service and policy planning for persons with disabilities.Keywords: rehabilitation in community, outcomes, subjective experience
An Exploratory factor analysis into the applicability of the Spirituality Care-Giving Scale, the Spirituality Care Rating scale and the Spirituality in Occupational Therapy Scale to the South African context
Authors: Mthembu Thuli Godfrey , Roman Nicolette Vanessa , Wegner Lisa
Published: July 2016

Spirituality and spiritual care are both considered as important elements of health sciences education; however, limited research has been conducted with occupational therapy students using spirituality scales. Therefore, this study assessed the internal consistency component of reliability and carried out factor analyses of three spiritualityscales which examined the perceptions and attitudes of South African undergraduate occupational therapy students regarding spirituality and spiritual care. This study used a cross-sectional survey design using convenience sampling to recruit 100 participants. The internal consistency of the instruments evaluatedshowedsatisfactory reliability: i.e. the Spiritual Care-Giving Scale (Î±=0.946), the Spirituality and Spiritual Care Rating Scale (Î±= 0.764) and the Spirituality in Occupational Therapy scale (Î±=0.868). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of Sampling Adequacy values was 0.862, 0.883, and 0.868 respectively, indicating the appropriateness of the factor analysis. Factor analysis from varimax rotated results was also performed to identify the patterns of spirituality and spiritual care within the instruments. The total variances of the instruments were acceptable at 59.1, 67.6 and 69.8% respectively. An implication of these findings is the possibility that exposing occupational therapy students to spirituality and spiritual care could be useful for them to gain insight into and be sensitive to the clients' spiritual needs. Further research should be undertaken in other institutions of higher learning that offer occupational therapy programmes.Â Â Â Keywords: Exploratory factor analysis, reliability, spirituality, spiritual care, occupational therapy
The value of a rural service learning experience for final year undergraduate occupational therapy students
Authors: Janse van Rensburg Elize , Du Toit Sanetta H.J.
Published: July 2016

Introduction: Service learning is a form of practice learning employed by occupational therapy training programmes in South Africa, through which the call for universities to engage with communities is also heeded. Rural areas of South Africa have limited access to occupational therapy services, thus service learning engagements with rural communities is a pertinent consideration for occupational therapy training programmes. However, given the high resource demands of rural service learning engagements it was necessary to ascertain the value that such a rural service learning experience has for occupational therapy students. Method: A qualitative, descriptive enquiry design was utilised to describe the value of a rural service learning experience for final year undergraduate occupational therapy students. A purposive sample of twelve students who participated in a rural service learning placement in one year was drawn. A nominal group was conducted with nine of these students who were available for participation, and deductive qualitative content analysis of all twelve students' written journals submitted throughout the year was performed. Results: Findings highlighted various ways in which this experience enhanced students' understanding of the dynamics of working in a rural community setting, and provided them with opportunities for personal and professional growth. Conclusion: The rural service learning experience was a valuable and transformative learning opportunity for students. Future considerations should include expanding these opportunities and establishing a service learning model based on the insights gained.KEY WORDS Occupational therapy, practice learning, rural context, transformative learning, community engagement, community-based education
FRONT MATTER
Authors: IJOST Editor
Published: July 2016

PREFACE

Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology (IJoST) is a peer-reviewed journal that aims to publish and disseminate innovative research articles on the latest developments in all fields of science and technology. The journal publishes original papers in English, which contribute to the understanding of science and improvement of the science and technology. Papers may be theoretical explanation (including computational), experimental observation and analysis, or combination from both theoretical and experimental analysis. The contribution should be unpublished before and not under consideration for publication in elsewhere. IJoST maintains a standard double-blind peer review process. The review process means that the identity with the author, and the reviewer are not known to each other. IJoST is an open-access journal, and in this issue IJoST does not charge for readers, authors, or their institutions for access to the journal articles. This journal was firstly be published on April 30, 2016, and issued every April and October in each year, published by Tim Pengembang Jurnal at Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia.

In this issue, we published eight papers, including six original research articles and two review papers. In this issue, we received papers from remarkable researchers in several countries in the world, including Belgium, Japan, Singapore, Malaysia, The Netherlands, and Indonesia. The first paper discussed enzymatic cleaning method for reducing membrane fouling in membrane bioreactor. The next paper presented about application of artificial neural network for predicting biodiesel production. In the third paper, authors discussed about comparison of air temperature under global climate change in Japan. In the fourth paper, authors discussed about kinetics and thermodynamic studies the adsorption of phenol on activated carbon. The fifth article presented sludge dewatering process control using principal component analysis and partial least square. The next paper discussed the use of process simulation for plant debottlenecking. The sixth paper is a review article regarding the use of agricultural waste for silica source material. The final paper is a review of high-temperature oxidation of steel in steam condition. We believe that this issue will give benefits for the improvement and the development of science and technology.

 

Bandung, April 2006

 

Editor

 

 
Drugs for the etiologic treatment of Chagas disease: Myths and Truths
Authors: Rivero Cynthia V , Romano Patricia Silvia
Published: July 2016

Chagas disease is a life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. One of the characteristics of chronic chagasic infection is the parasitic persistence in cardiac and smooth muscle tissues.  For this reason etiologic treatment of Chagas disease in all phases of infection is highly recommended. Despite the high number of trypanocidal drugs that have been discovered in the last years, only two compounds, Benznidazole and Nifurtimox remain as the unique drugs approved for Chagas treatment. Far from ideal, these drugs display low sensitivity and specificity resulting in limited applications, mainly in the onset of the acute phase. Thus there is an urgent need to validate new anti- T. cruzi drugs that can be applied even in the cases of chronic patients, those who today have no safe and effective treatment available. This paper reviews the most important compounds that have been tested in clinical trials and the results obtained to date.

 

 
Chagas Disease: Where to now?
Authors: Shewan Louise Gabrielle , Coats Andrew , Henein Michael , Bestetti Reinaldo
Published: July 2016

This special issue includes expert reviews on the neglected cardiological syndrome – Chagas Disease (CD), also known as American trypanosomiasis.   First described in 1909 this syndrome is endemic in several Latin American countries. This specially commissioned themed issue of the International Cardiovascular Forum Journal brings together notable experts who discuss a wide range of emerging topics in CD.  These include the changing, and challenging, epidemiology of CD in migrants and visitors to the Europe and the USA.  We also review what treatments exist for the primary infective aetiology, and how to manage Chagas cardiomyopathy when it has reached its end-stage heart failure form.  We have expert reviews on advanced imaging techniques and their role in the assessment and care of Chagas’ patients and the opportunity to protect against sudden death in this enigmatic condition.  
En torno a la mística y sus fenómenos
Authors: López Castro Armando
Published: July 2016

En torno a la mística y sus fenómenos
Realizaciones de la función fática en el español coloquial
Authors: Herrero Moreno Gemma
Published: July 2016

Realizaciones de la función fática en el español coloquial
El retrato de Galba, Otón y Vitelo en las Historias de Tácito
Authors: Riesco Álvarez Hipólito Benjamín
Published: July 2016

El retrato de Galba, Otón y Vitelo en las Historias de Tácito
Clasificaciones y subclases del pronombre en los tratados gramaticales del siglo XVI
Authors: Maquieira Rodríguez Marina A.
Published: July 2016

Clasificaciones y subclases del pronombre en los tratados gramaticales del siglo XVI
La mariposa en cenizas desatada: una imagen petrarquista en la lírica áurea, o el drama espiritual que se combate dentro de sí (1.ª parte)
Authors: Cabello Porras Gregorio
Published: July 2016

La mariposa en cenizas desatada: una imagen petrarquista en la lírica áurea, o el drama espiritual que se combate dentro de sí (1.ª parte)
José María Valverde: tras las huellas de lo sagrado
Authors: López Castro Armando
Published: July 2016

José María Valverde: tras las huellas de lo sagrado
El arte como tema central de Art work, de Antonia Byatt
Authors: Álvarez Faedo María José
Published: July 2016

El arte como tema central de Art work, de Antonia Byatt
Conrad y Malinowski en el corazón de las tinieblas
Authors: Fernández Álvarez Óscar
Published: July 2016

Conrad y Malinowski en el corazón de las tinieblas
Jorge Guillén y Benjamín Palencia: carta inédita
Authors: Larrabide Achútegui Aitor Luis
Published: July 2016

Jorge Guillén y Benjamín Palencia: carta inédita
Referencias documentales latinas a las luchas con el Islam (sg. XI): una pequeña contribución a la filología medieval
Authors: Martínez Ángel Lorenzo
Published: July 2016

Referencias documentales latinas a las luchas con el Islam (sg. XI): una pequeña contribución a la filología medieval
Shadowlands: The rewriting of a life devoted to literature. (C.S. Lewis centenary 1898-1998)
Authors: Pérez Díez María Del Carmen
Published: July 2016

Shadowlands: The rewriting of a life devoted to literature. (C.S. Lewis centenary 1898-1998)
Notas sobre lo hispánico y lo extrahispánico en el judeoespañol: Formación de las palabras sefardíes
Authors: Riaño López Ana María
Published: July 2016

Notas sobre lo hispánico y lo extrahispánico en el judeoespañol: Formación de las palabras sefardíes
Características formales y modalidades de la poesía en prosa
Authors: León Felipe Benigno
Published: July 2016

Características formales y modalidades de la poesía en prosa
Corpus bilingües y las tres "Ces": contraste, comparación y contacto lingüísticos
Authors: Labrados de la Cruz María Belén
Published: July 2016

Corpus bilingües y las tres "Ces": contraste, comparación y contacto lingüísticos
Las jarchas romances: consistencia y apertura
Authors: López Castro Armando
Published: July 2016

Las jarchas romances: consistencia y apertura
Sobre el campo semántico del término bachiller en época medieval
Authors: Martínez Ángel Lorenzo
Published: July 2016

Sobre el campo semántico del término bachiller en época medieval
Dialogue tué au printemps blessé
Authors: Merino Leonor
Published: July 2016

Dialogue tué au printemps blessé
Versiones españolas de El caballero sin cabeza
Authors: Villoria Prieto Javier
Published: July 2016

Versiones españolas de El caballero sin cabeza
Sobre los demostrativos: orígenes y evolución
Authors: Egido Fernández María Cristina
Published: July 2016

Sobre los demostrativos: orígenes y evolución
La Celestina y los poetas de la segunda mitad del siglo XX
Authors: Balcells José María
Published: July 2016

La Celestina y los poetas de la segunda mitad del siglo XX
La nuez y su simbolización en la Edad Media Latina
Authors: Pejenaute Rubio Francisco
Published: July 2016

La nuez y su simbolización en la Edad Media Latina
El problema de la comunicación internacional: las lenguas artificiales
Authors: Grande Alija Francisco Javier
Published: July 2016

El problema de la comunicación internacional: las lenguas artificiales
La reforma poética de Santillana
Authors: López Castro Armando
Published: July 2016

La reforma poética de Santillana
El petrarquismo en los Poetas Novohispanos del Cancionero "Flores de Baria Poesía"
Authors: Matas Caballero Juan
Published: July 2016

El petrarquismo en los Poetas Novohispanos del Cancionero "Flores de Baria Poesía"
La comunicación teatral: códigos genéricos y práctica escénica en "El mayor encanto, amor" de Calderón de la Barca
Authors: Trabado Cabado José Manuel
Published: July 2016

La comunicación teatral: códigos genéricos y práctica escénica en "El mayor encanto, amor" de Calderón de la Barca
El cuerpo femenino como metáfora en "Amar sólo por vencer" de María de Zayas y Sotomayor
Authors: García Gavilán Inmaculada
Published: July 2016

El cuerpo femenino como metáfora en "Amar sólo por vencer" de María de Zayas y Sotomayor
Sobre el uso del "Cursus rhythmicus" en los epitafios de los abades Menendo de San Isidoro y Diego I de Sahagún y el conocimiento de Salustio en el León del siglo XII
Authors: Martínez Ángel Lorenzo
Published: July 2016

Sobre el uso del "Cursus rhythmicus" en los epitafios de los abades Menendo de San Isidoro y Diego I de Sahagún y el conocimiento de Salustio en el León del siglo XII
Borges o la no simplificación del mundo
Authors: Serna Arango Julián
Published: July 2016

Borges o la no simplificación del mundo
Religious Discourse in Tablighi Jama'at: A Challenge to Female Sexuality?
Authors: Agha Ambreen
Published: July 2016

This paper is an empirical research on women's participation in Islamic revivalist movement of Tablighi Jama'at. In the current discourse on religion and female sexuality, I intend to look within Islam, as a religion and as an assertion of identity in the form of Tablighi Jama'at and Tabligh's articulation of its weltanschauung on Muslim way of life, with excessive focus on female sexuality. Here I will discuss Tabligh's conceptualisation of gender and gender roles through my field experience and analysis of women participation in the movement. In recent years we see that there is an upsurge in religious movements across the world exerting their identities and attempting to claim their rights. Since women have always been central to the political and social imagination of the Muslim mind we see an increased level of women's participation in these movements with defined sexual morality and gender equality.It is through the role of women in the transnational Islamic revivalist movement of Tablighi Jama'at, which arose as a response to Christian missionary and Hindu revivalist movements in the early 1920's in pre-partition India, that I have explored their level of engagement and their practices in order to bring into light tabligh's understanding of the female agency in the Muslim social order. In the backdrop of the feminist project and keeping in view tabligh's Orientalist understanding of the female, I raise the following questions, 'Is Tablighi Jama'at another such assertion within Islam that prescribes laws to define and control the female sexual desire through their understanding of sexuality and gender relations? Is the female tabligh member an agent of 'reform' or is she 'socialized' to believe that that men are superior and that what is described as masculine precedes and has priority over the feminine?