bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISIS NEOTECTÓNICO EN EL PIEDEMONTE ORIENTAL DE CORDILLERA FRONTAL, ANDES CENTRALES. SAN JUAN, ARGENTINA
Authors: ALCACER SANCHEZ Juan Manuel , PERUCCA Laura Patrícia A.
Published: November 2019

El presente trabajo tiene por objetivo dar a conocer evidencias de actividad neotectónica sobre el Piedemonte Oriental de Cordillera Frontal, Andes Centrales, Argentina. La geomorfología de la región es compleja, producto de la interacción entre procesos sedimentarios, climáticos y tectónicos, predominando en los piedemontes de los principales cordones montañosos, sistemas de abanicos aluviales de edad pleistocena. La morfología de los sistemas aluviales ha sido modificada por la actividad tectónica vinculada al Sistema de Falla Colangüil (SFC); el cual generó durante el Cuaternario, anomalías en la red de drenaje y un conjunto de escarpas a contra pendiente que afectan distintos niveles aluviales. Se diferenciaron 4 niveles aluviales; siendo Q1 el más reciente y coincidente con los actuales cauces y Q4 el más antiguo, el más elevado topográficamente y el menos preservado. En el tramo sur de este sistema se identificaron dos exposiciones naturales, denominadas Trinchera I y Trinchera II que permitieron conocer la cinemática de las fallas y los depósitos afectados. El análisis paleosismológico de las mismas indicaría la ocurrencia en el sector de al menos dos eventos sísmicos, el último de ellos con una edad inferior a ~ 37.000 años. Finalmente no se descarta un tercer evento durante el Holoceno.
PETROGRAFIA DAS ROCHAS DO COMPLEXO METACARBONATÍTICO DE ANGICO DOS DIAS, DIVISA BAHIA/PIAUÍ, BRASIL.
Authors: LUCIANO Rejane Lima , GODOY Antonio Misson
Published: November 2019

As rochas do Complexo Metacarbonatítico de Angico dos Dias são lavradas para minerais fosfatados pela Unidade de Mineração GALVANI, na região do extremo noroeste do Estado da Bahia. São rochas de idade paleoproterozoica que ocorrem intrusivas em rochas arqueana-paleoproterozoica do Complexo Gnáissico-Migmatítico Sobradinho-Remanso e, são constituídas por metacarbonatitos primários, metassienitos variados, metapiroxenitos, metassienogranitos, tremolita xisto, biotita xisto, metalamprófiros e fenitos. Os depósitos secundários e/ou residuais formam-se por processos supergênicos, que geraram um manto de intemperismo instalado sobre o carbonatito e, que deu origem ao depósito de fosfato residual, denominado de apatitito. Estes depósitos encontram-se associados com as carapaças descontínuas ferruginosas e/ou silicificadas. As rochas carbonatíticas são classificadas principalmente como calciocarbonatito e/ou sovito e, são constituídas dominantemente por calcita e apatita e, subordinado dolomita, olivina, flogopita e magnetita. São originados por cristalização fracionada, por segregação gravítica, principal mecanismo responsável pela evolução do magma, originando um acamamento cumulático, que é definido por níveis diferenciados, mais enriquecidos em apatita, minerais ferro-magnesiano e magnetita. O processo de diferenciação permite a geração de variados litotipos de rochas ultrabásicas e possibilitam individualizar principalmente cinco tipos petrográficos de carbonatitos na lavra: o metacarbonatito; olivina-apatita metacarbonatito; flogopita-apatita-olivina metacarbonatito; olivina-apatita biotita/flogopita metacarbonatito e metacarbonatito silicificado. As associações minerais identificam metamorfismo em fácies anfibolito alto, apresentando paragêneses superimpostas retrometamórficas em xisto verde médio a alto.
SELEÇÃO DE ALTERNATIVAS DE PROJETO ATRAVÉS DE UM ÍNDICE GLOBAL DE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS
Authors: BRESSANE Adriano , ROVEDA José Arnaldo Frutuoso , MARTINS Antonio Cesar Germano , REIS Fábio Augusto Gomes Vieira , GIORDANO Lucilia do Carmo , ROVEDA Sandra Regina Monteiro Masalskiene , RIBEIRO Admilson Irio , MEDEIROS Gerson Araujo de , FENGLER Felipe Hashimoto
Published: November 2019

As atividades potencialmente causadoras de degradação estão condicionadas à avaliação de impactos ambientais. Entretanto, a falta de um procedimento lógico estruturado pode prejudicar a análise comparativa dos locais e tecnologias disponíveis. Assim, o objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar o uso de um índice global de impacto (IGI) como proposta metodológica para apoiar decisões relacionadas a seleção entre as alternativas de projeto. Para isso, o índice foi aplicado em um estudo de caso para implantação de uma atividade modificadora do meio ambiente, situada em empreendimento urbanístico do interior paulista. Como resultado, constatou-se que o IGI foi capaz de avaliar criteriosamente as alternativas de projeto, subsidiando de forma direta e sistemática recomendações quanto às tecnologias e locais mais apropriados para o empreendimento em estudo.
ESTIMATIVA DE CONCENTRAÇÃO E SEDIMENTOS EM SUSPENSÃO A PARTIR DE IMAGENS LANDSAT 8 EM PCHS NO RIO IVAÍ - RS
Authors: PEIXOTO Daniela Wancura Barbieri , GUASSELLI Laurindo Antonio , PEREIRA FILHO Waterloo
Published: November 2019

Nas últimas décadas o uso de sensores remotos tem ganhado destaque na estimativa e na análise da dinâmica da distribuição espacial da concentração de sedimentos suspensos, com potencial para o monitoramento de rios e reservatórios. Assim este trabalho objetiva avaliar o uso de Imagens Landsat 8 (banda 4) para estimar a concentração de sedimentos em suspensão medidas nas três PCHs no rio Ivaí, RS. Foram utilizadas 4 imagens em reflectância disponibilizadas pela USGS (www. earthexplorer.usgs.gov) e 4 dados de TSS coletados em campo nas três PCHs em estudo afim de gerar o modelo matemático, totalizando 12 pontos de correlações. Os valores de reflectância da banda 4, com centro de banda no comprimento de onda de 655 nm, foram correlacionados com dados de TSS. Utilizou-se o modelo exponencial que obteve o melhor ajuste de R² (0,78). Verificou-se que as imagens Landsat 8 (banda 4) mostraram bom desempenho em condições específicas do ambiente aquático caracterizando a deposição dos sedimentos devido ao efeito cascata.
LITOGEOQUÍMICA E QUÍMICA MINERAL DAS ROCHAS METACARBONATÍTICAS DE ANGICO DOS DIAS, DIVISA BAHIA/PIAUÍ, BRASIL.
Authors: LUCIANO Rejane Lima , GODOY Antonio Misson
Published: November 2019

As rochas do Complexo Metacarbonatítico de Angico dos Dias ocorrem na região do extremo noroeste do estado da Bahia e são constituídas por metacarbonatitos, metassienitos variados, metapiroxenitos, metadioritos, tremolititos, biotitito, metalamprófiros, fenitos e apatititos, que constituem depósito secundário de fosfato residual. Os metacarbonatitos originam um acamamento cumulático, definido por níveis diferenciados em apatita, minerais ferromagnesianos e magnetita, que permitem individualizar cinco tipos petrográficos: o apatita metacarbonatito; olivina-apatita metacarbonatito; flogopita-apatita-olivina metacarbonatito; olivina-apatita-biotita/flogopita metacarbonatito e metacarbonatito silicificado. Dados petrográficos e de química mineral apontam a presença de: calcita com exsolução de dolomita; fluorapatita; pseudomorfos de olivina alteradas para serpentina, tremolita, antofilita e magnetita; flogopita; badeleíta; exsolução de ilmenita em magnetita que se altera para hematita; pirrotita; pirita; calcopirita; sulfatos como celestita, barita e baritocelestita e oxi-hidróxidos do tipo goethita e lepidocrocita. O intemperismo dos carbonatitos encontra-se associado com as carapaças ferruginosas e/ou silicificadas, além de concentrar apatita, pode originar alumino-fosfatos do grupo da crandalita, goyazita, gorceixita, plumbogumita, florencita. As associações minerais ígneas anidras e metamórficas de alto grau apresentam-se superimpostas por paragêneses retrometamórficas em fácies xisto verde alto. Dados geoquímicos classificam as rochas metacarbonatíticas principalmente como calciocarbonatitos e aquelas intensamente hidrotermalizadas são classificadas como ferrocarbonatitos e magnesiocarbonatitos
CONTAMINAÇÃO POR ESPÉCIES METÁLICAS EM SOLOS ASSOCIADOS ÀS RODOVIAS: BOTUCATU-SP
Authors: BELLUTA Ivalde , DOYAMA Júlio Toshimi , COELHO José Carlos , JESUS Sílvio Alexandre de , WONDRACEK Marcos Henrique Pereira , CARVALHO Lídia Raquel de , CASTRO Gustavo Rocha de
Published: November 2019

Devido ao fluxo de veículos nas rodovias Domingos Sartori e Marechal Rondon (Botucatu-SP) e à possível contaminação de mananciais adjacentes, realizou-se estudo de monitoramento de espécies metálicas em solos da região. Esse estudo buscou determinar concentrações de Cd, Pb, Cu, Co, Cr, Ni, Zn e Sb, verificar a relação destes metais com a matéria orgânica e identificar fontes de contaminação. As espécies metálicas foram determinadas com espectrômetro de emissão atômica com plasma acoplado indutivamente. Os resultados foram avaliados com teste de Tukey. Como resultado, obtiveram-se concentrações de 1,2 a 11,0 vezes maiores no P2 em relação ao P1. Nos pontos de amostragem mais próximos e nos mais distantes das rodovias, as concentrações de Cu, Zn e Cr foram maiores que nas distâncias intermediárias, pela relação direta com o índice de matéria orgânica. O Cd atingiu valores acima dos limites estabelecidos pela Cetesb em pelo menos um subponto do P1 e P2, o que demanda atenção quanto aos efeitos deste metal no meio ambiente. Cu, Co e Zn superaram o VP em pelo menos um subponto nas duas rodovias. Portanto, monitoramento e ações para mitigar efeitos do tráfego de veículos são importantes para evitar contaminação na região do Córrego da Cascata.
IDADES U-Pb EM XENOTÍMIO-(Y) DE UM VEIO DE QUARTZO COM ALMEIDAÍTA E PARISITA-(La), NOVOS MINERAIS ENCONTRADOS NA SERRA DO ESPINHAÇO (NOVO HORIZONTE, BAHIA)
Authors: CHAVES Mário Luiz de Sá Carneiro , BUHN Bernhard , HEINIS DIAS Coralie , MENEZES FILHO Luiz Alberto Dias
Published: November 2019

As idades iniciais de sedimentação/vulcanismo do Supergrupo Espinhaço (Minas Gerais e Bahia) são razoavelmente bem estabelecidas (~1.700Ma), bem como as idades das deformações relacionadas ao final do Ciclo Brasiliano (580-490Ma). Entretanto, a idade de formação dos veios hidrotermais de quartzo hospedados naquela sequência ainda é pouco conhecida. Análises U-Pb em xenotímio-(Y) de um veio de quartzo em rocha metavulcânica da Formação Novo Horizonte (Grupo Rio dos Remédios – Supergrupo Espinhaço), na Bahia, foram obtidas por LA-MC-ICP-MS. Almeidaíta e parisita-(La) são novos minerais descobertos no mesmo depósito, surpreendentes devido ao tamanho anômalo dos seus cristais. As três amostras de xenotímio mostraram razões isotópicas U-Pb concordantes em 491,7 ± 1,0 Ma, 493,0 ± 0,93 Ma e 504,1 ± 0,78 Ma. Essas idades são interpretadas como de cristalização do xenotímio e, consequentemente, dos novos minerais associados, corroborando outros estudos que mostram os processos geológicos do final do Brasiliano como vigentes até pelo menos ~490 Ma, no Cambriano tardio. Tais idades são também coerentes a nível regional, inteiramente semelhantes às encontradas em monazita-(Ce) de veios de quartzo do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais, e ainda à de veios contemporâneos hospedados em rochas originalmente de outro estilo metalogenético, como no Quadrilátero Ferrífero, nesse mesmo Estado, denotando um evento a nível regional de larga extensão.
ANÁLISE DE AMEAÇA DE DESLIZAMENTOS PELO USO DE ABORDAGEM PROBABILÍSTICA APLICADA A UM MODELO DE ESTABILIDADE DE TALUDES TRIDIMENSIONAL
Authors: AZEVEDO George Fernandes , CARVAJAL Hernán Eduardo Martinez , SOUZA Newton Moreira de
Published: November 2019

Este artigo aplica uma formulação probabilística a um modelo de estabilidade de taludes tridimensional para definir a ameaça quantitativa associada a deslizamentos rasos em termos de probabilidade de ruptura. A análise do problema utiliza um modelo de equilíbrio limite 3D de estabilidade de taludes que considera a ação da precipitação por meio de modelos de infiltração capazes de simular o avanço da frente úmida e a variação do nível freático em função de um dado evento pluviométrico. De forma adicional, a probabilidade de ruptura foi obtida pelo uso de um método probabilístico das estimativas pontuais, que insere a variabilidade de alguns parâmetros do solo e fornece a distribuição probabilística do fator de segurança. A metodologia foi empregada para o mapeamento da ameaça de deslizamentos deflagrados por chuvas em uma região do Distrito Federal, Brasil, considerada com alto potencial de ocorrência de eventos desta natureza. Como resultado, configurações com a distribuição das probabilidades de rupturas foram alcançadas, possibilitando distinguir a condição de estabilidade das encostas envolvidas no estudo.
STANDARDIZED PRECIPITATION EVAPOTRANSPIRATION INDEX (SPEI) AS A TOOL TO DETERMINE THE HYDROLOGICAL DYNAMIC OF PLAIN REGIONS (ARGENTINA)
Authors: BOHN Vanesa Yael , PICCOLO María Cintia
Published: November 2019

The Standardized Precipitation Evaporation Index (SPEI) in a 12-months timescale was used to define wet, normal and dry cycles in four representative sites of climatic sub regions of the Central Plains of Argentina. The studied period was 1980-2016. Hydrological dynamic was defined by analysis of shallow lakes areal variations and hydrological deficits and exceeds calculation. Data ranges and frequency of data were statistically analyzed. Along the studied period, the frequency of normal and humid years was higher than the dry ones. Nineteen eighty-five, 2008 and 2009 were some dry years, defined by SPEI. Effectively, regarding hydrological dynamic, there was noted a decrease (from 0.9 % to 96 %) of the shallow lakes areas during the aforementioned periods, in relation with their area during the humid ones. Hydrological deficit were noted during the 1995 and 2008 dry years in the site of the north and the rest of the sites, respectively. Also, exceeds amounts showed a response to the climatological cycles, during extremely wet years (i.e.: 1998 (NW of the studied area), 2001 (center), 2002 (NE) and 2009, in the northern site).
CONTEXTO ESTRUTURAL DA ÁREA DA FOLHA TOPOGRÁFICA GUAPIARA
Authors: VIEIRA Otávio Augusto Ruiz Paccola , GODOY Antonio Misson , HACKSPACHER Peter Cristian , LEITE JÚNIOR Washington Barbosa
Published: November 2019

A Folha Topográfica de Guapiara 1: 50.000, localiza-se no extremo sul do estado de São Paulo e compreende a porção norte do Terreno Apiaí, de idade meso- a neoproterozoicas, inserido na faixa centro-sul do Cinturão Ribeira da Província Mantiqueira Central. A região caracteriza-se pelas rochas da sequência metavulcanossedimentar do Supergrupo Açungui, definidas pela Formação Água Clara e os grupos Votuverava e Itaiacoca, além de corpos graníticos do Granito Três Córregos e do Granito Capão Bonito, rochas sedimentares do Grupo Itararé, intrusivas básicas associadas ao Magmatismo Serra Geral e sedimentos quaternários. O quadro estrutural é determinado dominantemente pelo arranjo tectônico neoproterozoico. As rochas apresentam uma evolução estrutural do tipo polifásica, evidenciada pela superposição de eventos de principalmente quatro fases deformacionais Dn, Dn+1, Dn+2 e Dn+3. Os dois eventos iniciais são relacionados a uma tectônica de cavalgamento, de direção NE/SW e NW/SE, respectivamente, acompanhado de estruturas geneticamente associadas, tais como falhas de cavalgamentos, dobras e as foliações Sn e Sn+1. Superpondo-se a estas estruturas, ocorrem dois eventos Dn+2 e Dn+3, ligados a fase colisional final e uma tectônica transcorrente/transpressiva. Esse evento é responsável pelo dobramento das estruturas pré-formadas, com plano axial de direção NE/SW e NW/SE, respectivamente.
Using town watching technique to raise disaster awareness for different audiences
Authors: Akman Pek, PhD Nazan
Published: November 2019

Communities need to be aware of all the risks and consequences of disasters, which have increased both in numbers, economic and human losses in the recent decades. This study aims to show how town watching technique has a positive effect in raising disaster awareness in different types of learning experiences for different target groups so that individuals understand the disaster risks and make plans to decrease their vulnerabilities. Application of town watching for two different target audiences are explained; undergraduate engineering major students, local government officials, and volunteer community members. Results of surveys conducted for an elective humanities course for engineering major undergraduates named disaster awareness are presented. Interviews with volunteers from other target groups who participated in community-based disaster capacity building projects are also included in this study. It can be clearly seen that town watching creates synergy while disaster awareness is internalized, and the participants learn about disasters, risks, and resources at hand that may also help toward the countries' resilience to disasters.
Addressing the EMS workforce shortage: How medical students can help bridge the gap
Authors: Uppal, BS Nishant , Gondi, BA Suhas
Published: November 2019

The authors propose that, through innovative and mutually beneficial partnerships between medical schools and local Emergency Medical Services (EMS) agencies, medical students can help mitigate EMS shortages in areas across the country. These partnerships, which we have seen very early signs of in some places, would create channels by which medical students get their emergency medical technician certifications in the summer before matriculating and volunteer with the agency’s ambulance service, either as an extracurricular clinical experience (which are very popular among medical students) or as a way to fulfill clinical or service requirements or earn elective credit. In the attached piece, the authors (1) establish, using data, that a key factor contributing to current and impending EMS shortages is a lack of certified personnel, and (2) propose why and how medical students could provide a novel source of additional volunteers for understaffed public ambulance services, explore some of the benefits and limitations of this proposal, and provide a road-map for how to form partnerships between medical schools and local EMS agencies.
The Canaries of Democracy: Imagining the Wandering Jew with Artist Rosabel Rosalind Kurth-Sofer
Authors: Di Cicco Rae , Kurth-Sofer Rosabel Rosalind , Messersmith Thomas M.
Published: November 2019

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Achieving Financial Performance in Uncertain Times: Leveraging Supply Chain Agility
Authors: Gligor David , Holcomb Mary , Maloni Michael J. , Davis‐Sramek Elizabeth
Published: November 2019

To extend previous research, this study focuses on how a firm’s supply chain agility affects performance through the lens of resource orchestration theory. We offer an additional extension to theory by examining the impact of environmental uncertainty in the resource orchestration process. Research indicates that a firm’s capabilities must be considered within the context of larger uncontrollable and environmental factors. While the Fisher model focuses explicitly on a product’s demand volatility, the contemporary environment for many firms can be portrayed as rapidly changing with turbulent markets, rapid product life cycles, and a changing competitive landscape. Focusing on three underlying dimensions of environmental uncertainty, namely dynamism, munificence, and complexity, we theorize that this uncertainty facilitates market orientation and moderates the mediating relationship between the firm’s market orientation and supply chain orientation and a firm’s supply chain agility. In short, orchestrating resources for a firm’s supply chain agility may or may not be as significant to achieving financial performance, depending on environmental uncertainty. Therefore, our overall contribution rests in the understanding that firms must determine the appropriate level of supply chain agility.
Airline Code‐Sharing and Capacity Utilization: Evidence from the US Airline Industry
Authors: Yimga Jules , Gorjidooz Javad
Published: November 2019

Following the passage of the Airline Deregulation Act in 1978, the degree of competition among air carriers, increased significantly. Airlines resorted to many ways—including code‐sharing—in response to competitive pressures. This article is a retrospective study on the load factor effects of the largest domestic codeshare partnership established in 2003—between Delta, Northwest, and Continental airlines. After controlling for aircraft configuration, carrier, and market characteristics, we find evidence that code‐sharing improves the partners’ load factors relative to other carriers in all markets combined. However, we find statistically significant negative (positive) codeshare effects on load factor in markets where the codeshare partners competed (did not compete) prior to code‐sharing.
The Politics of Afro-Asian Intimacies in Jim Crow Tokyo
Authors: Gomez Sonia
Published: November 2019

This article examines the intimate encounters between Japanese women and African American servicemen in post–World War II Japan and the ways in which these intimacies challenged American racial politics that were reproduced in Occupied Japan, while at the same time reaffirmed American heterosexual masculine power and the subordination of Japanese women. It interrogates the gendered politics of the historical conception of Afro-Asian solidarity, and contributes to studies of the Black Pacific by considering these interracial intimacies as sites of potent marriage rights discursive production in the postwar years.
“Now is the proper time for a foreigner to say a word”: The Rhetorical Agency of Hilda Satt Polacheck
Authors: O’Rourke Bridget K. , Bishop Zachary R.
Published: November 2019

This paper explores the rhetorical agency of Hilda Satt Polacheck, author of I Came a Stranger: The Story of a Hull-House Girl, the only known memoir of life at Hull-House written by an immigrant woman. Polacheck wrote the memoir during the 1950s and 1960s, and her daughter, Dena Epstein, edited the manuscript for posthumous publication in 1989. I Came a Stranger focused on the influence of Jane Addams on Polacheck’s early twentieth century experiences as a “Hull-House girl” and how she became an American at the social settlement. Although the memoir ends in 1935 with the death of Jane Addams, Polacheck’s writings and political activities after 1935 shed new light on the author’s reconstruction of her experiences at Hull-House. When Polacheck began writing the memoir in the 1950s, the FBI was investigating her and her adult children for alleged un-American activities. This article considers how Polacheck reconstructed her rhetorical agency and authority after Jane Addams’ death to promote a more expansive and tolerant Americanism during the politically repressive Cold War era.
The Relationship between Saving and Investment: The Case of Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alrasheedy Abdulelah , Alaidarous Hamed
Published: November 2019

It is an attempt to investigate the relationship between saving and investment and the mechanism of the way they influence the economic growth. It is very vital to study such causality to help policy makers setting out appropriate economic policies. It is taking us too long to come up with the results because of the lack of data, and the complexity of how saving and investment defined in case of Saudi economy. The results show that there is a bidirectional granger causality between private saving and private GDP, and unidirectional causality running from private saving to private investment. However, there is an ambiguous relationship missing between investment and economic growth at both aggregate and private levels. Finally, although this study shows the directional of causality between the three considered variables, the study could not catch up the magnitude of the impact of these variables on each other.
ELASTICIDADE PREÇO-DEMANDA: construção de um modelo matemático em um contexto histórico como exemplo para ação educacional
Authors: Táboas Plínio Zornoff
Published: November 2019

Este trabalho apresenta, a título de ação educacional no campo de estudos e pesquisas da História na Educação Matemática, uma concepção de modelagem matemática e suas etapas de confecção, com uma aplicação na análise do conceito de elasticidade preço-demanda e suas possibilidades de auxiliar o planejamento e o gerenciamento de mercados em monopólio segundo o modelo de o-ferta e demanda e a teoria do valor-utilidade.Palavras-chave: Educação Matemática. História na Educação Matemática. Ação Educacional. Modelagem Matemática. Elasticidade Preço-Demanda.
Hematological values in bradypus variegatus (Schinz, 1825) from creatories of the Belém metropolitan region
Authors: Galvão Gilmar Rodrigues , Giese Elane Guerreiro , Galvão Gilvando Rodrigues , Moreira Luiz Fernando Moraes , David Maridelzira Betânia Moraes , Azevedo Erica Flávia Silva , Santana Mateus Augusto de Carvalho , Maia Bruno Kleidson da Silva
Published: November 2019

The blood tissue is made up of three main cell types: erythrocytes (red blood cells), leukocytes (white blood cells) and platelets (thrombocytes), suspended in a liquid phase named plasma. In addition to the cells, blood is composed of proteins, inorganic and organic substances, hormones and various components. The captive condition can also predispose the animal to a number of conditions, making it necessary to carry out laboratory tests for the biomonitoring of the animals. Among these tests, the complete hemogram stands out. This is done to assess the general health, guiding and deepening the nature of pathophysiological situations besides its utility as an aid to diagnosis and prognosis of certain diseases. The objective of this study is to describe the hematological values of brown-throated sloth (Bradypus variegatus). Hence, eleven adult animals of both sexes (seven males and four females) at appropriate health conditions were used in the experiment. Blood was collected from the cephalic vein and analyzed through veterinary hematology counter. The evaluate hematological parameters included total count of erythrocytes and leukocytes, hematocrit, hemoglobin concentration, average corpuscular volume, average corpuscular hemoglobin, average corpuscular hemoglobin concentration differential leukocyte count and platelet count. In general, the values did not differ from few studies in the literature. However, the score of platelets was greater in males than in females. The results achieved in the study can serve as a basis in determination and interpretation as hematologic references to brown-throated sloths in Para Amazon.
Impactos socioambientais provocados por um vazadouro a céu aberto: uma análise no distrito de Marudá/PA
Authors: Brito Fábio Sergio Lima , Pimentel Bruna Andrade , Morais Mateus Souza , Rosário Karla Karoline Leite do , Cruz Rosa Helena Ribeiro
Published: November 2019

Analisar os impactos socioambientais advindos da disposição final dos resíduos sólidos em um lixão céu aberto situado no distrito de Marudá/PA. A metodologia da pesquisa compreendeu: revisão da literatura, pesquisa de campo pela observação sistemática e aplicação de Check-list utilizando a matriz de Leopold de avaliação qualitativa dos impactos ambientais na área de estudo. Ademais, foram aplicados 30 questionários para as famílias que residem no entorno do lixão visando diagnosticar a percepção dos moradores sobre os possíveis riscos decorrentes da destinação final inadequada dos resíduos sólidos. Os dados foram analisados utilizando estatística não-paramétrica por intermédio do teste binomial que visa identificar a distribuição probabilística discreta das respostas obtidas nos formulários com utilização do software BioEstat. Os resultados apontaram a média de resíduos encaminhados ao vazadouro de 7.433 toneladas entre os anos de 2012 a 2016 registrados pelo SNIS e os impactos ambientais são diversos tais como: poluição do solo, do ar e dos recursos hídricos. Foi evidenciado ainda que, os moradores têm consciência da degradação ocasionada pelo vazadouro da cidade e dos riscos que essa forma de destinação final provoca ao meio ambiente em 100% (p= 1.0), a população se sente marginalizada por residir próximo ao lixão 60% (p= 0.61), e 100% (p= 1.0), reclamam principalmente dos odores liberados pela decomposição dos resíduos, além da desvalorização dos imóveis em 90% dos casos (p= 0.91); relataram ainda ter contraído doenças em 43% dos casos (p= 0.46) e 100% (p= 1.0) da comunidade adotou medidas preventivas como forma de precaução a doenças.
Optical-Fiber Power Meter Comparison between NIST and LAMETRO
Authors: Vayshenker Igor , Jimenez J. , Ugalde M. P. , Lehman John H.
Published: November 2019

We describe the results of a comparison of reference standards between the
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST-USA) and Laboratorio de
Metrologia, Instituto Costarricense de Electricidad (LAMETRO-ICE, COSTA RICA) for
optical fiber-based power measurements at wavelengths of 1310.0 nm, 1550.15 nm, and
1625.0 nm. We compare the laboratories' reference standards by means of a commercial
temperature-controlled optical fiber power meter. Measurement results showed the
largest difference of less than 5.8 parts in 103, which is within the combined
standard (k=1) uncertainty for the two laboratories� reference standards.
Pain and Epiphany
Authors: Hambro Cathinka Dahl
Published: November 2019

This article discusses the medieval English mystic Julian of Norwich’s autobiographical text Revelations of Divine Love and the significance of physical pain in Julian’s holy visions. Applying Anne H. Hawkins’ idea of the ‘myth of rebirth’, the article argues that although Julian’s work is not a narrative about illness as such, it may nevertheless be read as a medieval pathography or as a representative for a pre-stage genre of the modern pathography. Moreover, by applying theories on the phenomenology of pain, it discusses whether we may learn something today from the way in which medieval religious writers found a theological meaning in pain and whether painful experiences may help develop positive character traits.
Retro-2 protects cells from ricin toxicity by inhibiting ASNA1-mediated ER targeting and insertion of tail-anchored proteins
Authors: Morgens David W , Chan Charlene , Kane Andrew J , Weir Nicholas R , Li Amy , Dubreuil Michael M , Tsui C Kimberly , Hess Gaelen T , Lavertu Adam , Han Kyuho , Polyakov Nicole , Zhou Jing , Handy Emma L , Alabi Philip , Dombroski Amanda , Yao David , Altman Russ B , Sello Jason K , Denic Vladimir , Bassik Michael C
Published: November 2019

The small molecule Retro-2 prevents ricin toxicity through a poorly-defined mechanism of action (MOA), which involves halting retrograde vesicle transport to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). CRISPRi genetic interaction analysis revealed Retro-2 activity resembles disruption of the transmembrane domain recognition complex (TRC) pathway, which mediates post-translational ER-targeting and insertion of tail-anchored (TA) proteins, including SNAREs required for retrograde transport. Cell-based and in vitro assays show that Retro-2 blocks delivery of newly-synthesized TA-proteins to the ER-targeting factor ASNA1 (TRC40). An ASNA1 point mutant identified using CRISPR-mediated mutagenesis abolishes both the cytoprotective effect of Retro-2 against ricin and its inhibitory effect on ASNA1-mediated ER-targeting. Together, our work explains how Retro-2 prevents retrograde trafficking of toxins by inhibiting TA-protein targeting, describes a general CRISPR strategy for predicting the MOA of small molecules, and paves the way for drugging the TRC pathway to treat broad classes of viruses known to be inhibited by Retro-2.
Optimal searching behaviour generated intrinsically by the central pattern generator for locomotion
Authors: Sims David W , Humphries Nicolas E , Hu Nan , Medan Violeta , Berni Jimena
Published: November 2019

Efficient searching for resources such as food by animals is key to their survival. It has been proposed that diverse animals from insects to sharks and humans adopt searching patterns that resemble a simple Lévy random walk, which is theoretically optimal for ‘blind foragers’ to locate sparse, patchy resources. To test if such patterns are generated intrinsically, or arise via environmental interactions, we tracked free-moving Drosophila larvae with (and without) blocked synaptic activity in the brain, suboesophageal ganglion (SOG) and sensory neurons. In brain-blocked larvae, we found that extended substrate exploration emerges as multi-scale movement paths similar to truncated Lévy walks. Strikingly, power-law exponents of brain/SOG/sensory-blocked larvae averaged 1.96, close to a theoretical optimum (µ ≅ 2.0) for locating sparse resources. Thus, efficient spatial exploration can emerge from autonomous patterns in neural activity. Our results provide the strongest evidence so far for the intrinsic generation of Lévy-like movement patterns.
Off-line and on-line optical monitoring of microalgal growth
Authors: Lazcano-Hernández Hugo-Enrique , Aguilar Gabriela , Dzul-Cetz Gabriela Antonia , Patiño Rodrigo , Arellano-Verdejo Javier
Published: November 2019

The growth of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii microalgae cultures was successfully monitored, using classic off-line optical techniques (optical density and fluorescence) and on-line analysis of digital images. In this study, we found that the chlorophyll fluorescence ratio F685/F740 has a linear correlation with the logarithmic concentration of microalgae. By using digital images, the biomass concentration correlated with the luminosity of the images through an exponential equation and the length of penetration of a super luminescent blue beam (λ = 440 nm) through an inversely proportional function. The outcomes of this study are useful to monitor both research and industrial microalgae cultures.
Physico-chemical Properties Comparison between Released Varieties and Local Germplasm of Sapota (Manilkara zapota)
Authors: Dola Shekh Tanjina Islam , Islam Md. Shahidul , Robbani Mahbub , Rahman Md. Sharifur
Published: November 2019

Aim: Comparison of physico-chemical properties between released varieties and local germplasm of Sapota with a view to selecting the superior germplasm/variety in respect of nutritional quality.

Study Design: A laboratory experiment was done by the following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 replications.

Sample Collection: Local germplasms were collected from different homestead of Dumki upazila and six released varieties were collected from Germplasm Center, Department of Horticulture, PSTU and Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute, Gazipur, Bangladesh.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted during March, 2018 to February, 2019 at the Plant Biotechnology Lab and Postharvest Lab, Department of Horticulture, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Bangladesh.

Results: The highest fruit length (4.85 cm), width (4.93 cm), weight (115.33 g), edible portion (92.33%), phenolic content (2.537 mg/100 g) and anthocyanin content (1.807 μg/100 g) were exhibited in local germplasm (G3). The highest carotenoid content (5.320 μg/100 g) was found in local germplasm G3 followed by G1 (5.173 μg/100 g). On the other hand the highest vitamin-C content (11.42 mg/100 g) and carbohydrate percentage (22.99%) were observed in local germplasm G1 and G2 respectively. BARI-3 (V10) exhibited the highest percentage of TSS (21.28%) along with highest peel weight (6.80 g) and the highest percentage of antioxidant (95.80 mg/100 g) was traced in BARI-2 (V9).

Conclusion: Based on the selected physico-chemical properties it was revealed that local germplasm (G3) was superior than the other germplasm/varieties. G1, G2, V9 and V10 germplasm/variety were identified as good source of phytochemicals. Based on Physico-chemical properties local germplasm (G3) was better for eating fresh fruit as well as processing than the other germplasms/varieties considered in this research.
Estimation of Total Phenolic Contents and In vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of the Most Common Coffee Brews Available in the Local Markets of the Northern Region of Saudi Arabia
Authors: M. Nassar Olfat , H. El-Sayed Mohamed , A. Kobisi Abd El-Nasser
Published: November 2019

Background: Coffee is the most preferred morning beverage throughout the world due to its pleasant flavor and stimulating properties. It contains a multipart combination of chemicals constituents, which associated with health benefits. In the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia there are many types of coffee in the local markets with different characteristics.

Aims: The present study was designed to identify the total phenolic contents, antioxidant properties and antimicrobial activities for three of the most commonly consumed coffee brews; Intenso (Arabica), Reebass (Turkish) and Lavazza (Brazilian) purchased from some local markets at the Northern region in Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Study Design: It was an in-vitro study.

Methodology: The purchased coffee types were extracted using the boiling water method. Determination of total phenolic content of the obtained extracts was carried out using the Folin-Ciocalteu method. Antioxidant activity was measured using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay. Measurement of antimicrobial activity was determined by disk diffusion method against number of microbial test strains. The obtained data were statistically analyzed and results with p < 0.05 were considered statistically significant.

Results: The obtained results showed that, the estimated phenolic contents were arranged as 745.50 ± 10.5, 668.86 ± 11.2 & 651.25 ± 13.0 mg/g of gallic acid/1 g of coffee for Lavazza (Brazilian), Reebass (Turkish) & Intenso (Arabica) respectively. DPPH radical scavenging activity was higher 78.83% for Turkish coffee than Arabica 71.59% and Brazilian 65.90% types. Regarding antimicrobial activity; Arabica coffee extract was the highest antimicrobial activity compared to the other two extracts of both Turkish and Brazilian types where the mean diameter of inhibition zone for three coffee types were ranged from 11.0 ± 0.15 to 16.0 ± 0.40; 9.0 ± 0.25 to 11.0 ± 0.10 and 9.5 ± 0.10 to 13.0 ± 0.50 mm for Arabica, Turkish and Brazilian coffee extracts respectively.

Conclusion: The present study concludes that coffee types under investigation showed high phenolic content and strong antioxidant activity as well as promising antimicrobial activity.
Vibrio cholerae Incursion in Africa, the Journey So Far
Authors: Ebob Tarh, Jacqueline , Mboto C. I. , Asikong B. E. E. , Ukwuoma Iroegbu Christian
Published: November 2019

Indeed, a host of the plenty of reports about pathogenic Vibrios, have been from African researchers. And they assert that this severe diarrhea causing agent originated from Asia thousands of years ago and spread (first, via the sea route) affecting particularly the coastal towns and fishing villages, before moving to other parts of the world. Following the primary cholera outbreak of 1868, Vibrio cholera, appeared in the Atlantic coast of West Africa. The pathogen then invaded African countries chronologically beginning with Guinea, then Sierra Leone, Liberia, Cote d’ivoire, Mali, Togo, Dahomey, Upper Volt (Burki Na-faso) and finally Nigeria (Lagos) and Niger in December, 1970. Various serogroups (O139 and O1 with biotypes Classical and El Tor) and Serotypes of O1 (Ogawa, Inaba and Hikojima) and recently, the O395 strain have been reported; especially from outbreaks reported from hotspots that are close to riverine areas. This suggests that these emergent pathogenic species originate from around water environments probably from the non-pathogenic strains. This condition is likely harnessed by Lateral Gene Transfer (LGT), which is seen to occur usually between pandemic V. cholerae and environmental strains; a situation that may result in the creation of new pandemic strains. Therefore, in order to better understand and appreciate the evolution of the Vibrio cholerae strains that are involved in epidemics, and the relationship between the species causing particular epidemics in different regions of Africa, a study of the molecular picture of the environmental strains and the mechanisms by which the pathogenic Vibrio cholera strains appear and diffuse from these strains is necessary. This review seeks to trace the origin and spread route of Vibrio cholerae strains causing epidemics in different regions of the African continent (Nigeria in particular) with the aim of establishing relationships between the strains causing epidemics in these regions. This will help in the development of better intervention strategies to contain the disease.
MEMÓRIA, IDENTIDADE E CULTURA NO VOCABULÁRIO DO ESCRITOR JOÃO BRASIL | MEMORY, IDENTITY AND CULTURE IN THE VOCABULARY OF WRITER JOÃO BRASIL
Authors: Soares Eliane Pereira Machado
Published: November 2019

Resumo: Este trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa sobre o vocabulário da obra literária do autor memorialista João Brasil Monteiro, da cidade de Marabá, Estado do Pará, com o objetivo de estabelecer relações entre língua e identidade e a memória coletiva local. O referencial teórico e metodológico remete à análise léxico-semântica de lexias, organizadas em campos lexicais Coseriu (1979). A organização do vocabulário em si apresentará os verbetes em ordem alfabética, em campos semânticos, com as respectivas informações gramaticais, definições e remissivas, para tanto utilizaremos a ferramenta computacional Lexique Pro. Até o momento já foram identificados cerca de 600 itens lexicais.

Abstract: This work results from a research on the vocabulary of the literary work of the memorialist author João Brasil Monteiro, from the city of Marabá, State of Pará, in order to establish relations between language and identity and local collective memory. The theoretical and methodological referential refers to the lexical-semantic analysis of lexias, organized in lexical fields Coseriu (1979). The organization of the vocabulary itself will present the entries in alphabetical order, in semantic fields, with the respective grammatical information, definitions and references, for which we will use the Lexique Pro computational tool. To date, about 600 lexical items have been identified.

Keywords: Lexicon; Regional Language; Vocabulary. 
De novo NSF mutations cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy
Authors: Suzuki Hisato , Yoshida Takeshi , Morisada Naoya , Uehara Tomoko , Kosaki Kenjiro , Sato Katsunori , Matsubara Kohei , Takano‐Shimizu Toshiyuki , Takenouchi Toshiki
Published: November 2019

N‐ethylmaleimide‐sensitive factor (NSF) plays a critical role in intracellular vesicle transport, which is essential for neurotransmitter release. Herein, we, for the first time, document human monogenic disease phenotype of de novo pathogenic variants in NSF, that is, epileptic encephalopathy of early infantile onset. When expressed in the developing eye of Drosophila, the mutant NSF severely affected eye development, while the wild‐type allele had no detectable effect under the same conditions. Our findings suggest that the two pathogenic variants exert a dominant negative effect. De novo heterozygous mutations in the NSF gene cause early infantile epileptic encephalopathy.
Wire Materials for Scanners in the Large Hadron Collider: An Unusual Materials Selection Problem
Authors: Bigland Hal , Huber John E. , Veness Raymond , Cocks Alan C. F.
Published: November 2019

The transverse distribution of particles in the hadron beam of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is measured using wire scanners that pass a thin wire through the hadron beam and detect scattered radiation. Increasing demands on beam instrumentation in the LHC leads one to consider the choice of material for the wire. Here, it is shown that this material choice depends on thermal, mechanical, and radiation scattering properties. Simple analytical models are used to develop an Ashby material index for the design problem. It is confirmed that carbon fibers, currently used in several scanners, are high‐performing materials for this application. The key compromises in the material choice are identified. Notably, thermal conductivity and emissivity are relatively unimportant, whereas heat capacity, tolerance of high temperature, and mechanical strength dominate the material index. Potential competitor materials are identified, along with directions to pursue for performance enhancement.
Recent Progress on 3D‐Printed Polylactic Acid and Its Applications in Bone Repair
Authors: Chen Xibao , Chen Gang , Wang Gang , Zhu Peizhi , Gao Chunxia
Published: November 2019

3D printing is an additive manufacturing (AM) technology that has developed rapidly in the past decades due to its advantages, such as freedom of design, mass customization, waste minimization, and the ability to manufacture complex structures, as well as fast prototyping. Various materials are used in 3D printing, including metals, polymers, ceramics, concrete, and their composites. The polymer's easy processing makes it stands out among many materials. As a thermoplastic polymer, polylactic acid (PLA) received more attention as an effective biomedical material due to its proven biodegradation and biocompatibility. Herein, the development of 3D‐printing technology is summarized and various applications of 3D‐printed PLA and their composites in orthopedics are introduced. Furthermore, the current limitations and future opportunities in 3D printing are also discussed to help guide the 3D‐printing development and improve 3D‐printing strategies in orthopedic.
Self‐Healing Engineering Ceramics with Oxidation‐Induced Crack Repair
Authors: Greil Peter
Published: November 2019

Engineering ceramics capable of restoring damage‐induced surface cracking may achieve enhanced reliability and longer lifetime at high temperature applications compared with nonhealing ceramics. Selection of healing agents dispersed in ceramic matrix composites which upon oxidation with environmental oxygen may rapidly fill the volume of a surface crack and recover compromised strength are reviewed. Novel approaches envisage acceleration of crack healing to reduce healing period as well as healing temperature. Potential fields of application for self‐healing ceramics operating at elevated service temperatures are presented.
Genotype‐specific effects of ericoid mycorrhizae on floral traits and reproduction in Vaccinium corymbosum
Authors: Brody Alison K. , Waterman Benjamin , Ricketts Taylor H. , Degrassi Allyson L. , González Jonathan B. , Harris Jeanne M. , Richardson Leif L.
Published: November 2019

Premise

Most plants interact with mycorrhizal fungi and animal pollinators simultaneously. Yet, whether mycorrhizae affect traits important to pollination remains poorly understood and may depend on the match between host and fungal genotypes. Here, we examined how ericoid mycorrhizal fungi affected flowering phenology, floral traits, and reproductive success, among eight genotypes of highbush blueberry, Vaccinium corymbosum (Ericaceae). We asked three overarching questions: (1) Do genotypes differ in response to inoculation? (2) How does inoculation affect floral and flowering traits? (3) Are inoculated plants more attractive to pollinators and less pollen limited than non‐inoculated plants of the same genotype?

Methods

To examine these questions, we experimentally inoculated plants with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi, grew the plants in the field, and measured flowering and floral traits over 2 years. In year 2, we conducted a hand‐pollination experiment to test whether plants differed in pollen limitation.

Results

Inoculated plants had significantly higher levels of colonization for some genotypes, and there were significant floral trait changes in inoculated plants for some genotypes as well. On average, inoculated plants produced significantly larger floral displays, more fruits per inflorescence, and heavier fruits with lower sugar content, than non‐inoculated, control plants. Hand pollination enhanced the production of fruits, and fruit mass, for non‐inoculated plants but not for those that were inoculated.

Conclusions

Our results demonstrate that inoculation with ericoid mycorrhizal fungi enhanced flowering and altered investment in reproduction in genotype‐specific ways. These findings underscore the importance of examining belowground symbionts and genotype‐specific responses in their hosts to fully understand the drivers of aboveground interactions.