bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Artifact Characterization and a Multipurpose Template-Based Offline Removal Solution for a Sensing-Enabled Deep Brain Stimulation Device
Authors: Hammer Lauren H. , Kochanski Ryan B. , Starr Philip A. , Little Simon
Published: February 2022

Background: The Medtronic “Percept” is the first FDA-approved deep brain stimulation (DBS) device with sensing capabilities during active stimulation. Its real-world signal-recording properties have yet to be fully described. Objective: This study details three sources of artifact (and potential mitigations) in local field potential (LFP) signals collected by the Percept and assesses the potential impact of artifact on the future development of adaptive DBS (aDBS) using this device. Methods: LFP signals were collected from 7 subjects in both experimental and clinical settings. The presence of artifacts and their effect on the spectral content of neural signals were evaluated in both the stimulation ON and OFF states using three distinct offline artifact removal techniques. Results: Template subtraction successfully removed multiple sources of artifact, including (1) electrocardiogram (ECG), (2) nonphysiologic polyphasic artifacts, and (3) ramping-related artifacts seen when changing stimulation amplitudes. ECG removal from stimulation ON (at 0 mA) signals resulted in spectral shapes similar to OFF stimulation spectra (averaged difference in normalized power in theta, alpha, and beta bands ≤3.5%). ECG removal using singular value decomposition was similarly successful, though required subjective researcher input. QRS interpolation produced similar recovery of beta-band signal but resulted in residual low-frequency artifact. Conclusions: Artifacts present when stimulation is enabled notably affected the spectral properties of sensed signals using the Percept. Multiple discrete artifacts could be successfully removed offline using an automated template subtraction method. The presence of unrejected artifact likely influences online power estimates, with the potential to affect aDBS algorithm performance.
Efficiency of Continuous Subcutaneous Insulin Infusion for Premature Neonate: A Case Report
Authors: Desenfants Aurelie , Soleirol Marion , Salet Randa , Benito Castro Fernando , Le Guillou Caroline , Di Maio Massimo , Tran Tu Anh
Published: February 2022

Neonatal hyperglycaemia is common in extremely low birth weight (ELBW, <1,000 g) infants, associated with a number of adverse clinical outcomes, and usually treated with continuous intravenous insulin infusion (CIVII). We report a case of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in an ELBW neonate (730 g, 25 weeks GA) requiring insulin infusion for transient idiopathic hyperglycaemia. After presenting hyperglycaemia on day 4, the patient was treated with CIVII. From day 12 to 34, CSII was used to replace central venous catheter. Insulin requirements were lower and glycaemia more stable under CSII. No side effect was noticed. CSII was also beneficial for developmental care, allowing parents to be more easily involved in their baby’s care. Thus, CSII appeared to be a safe and reliable alternative for insulin administration in ELBW infants. However, indication and management requires training of the NICU team by paediatric diabetes specialists.
Clinical Utility of Liquid Biopsy to Identify Genomic Heterogeneity and Secondary Cancer Diagnoses: A Case Report
Authors: Hemenway Gregory , Tierno Marni B. , Nejati Reza , Sosa Romina , Zibelman Matthew
Published: February 2022

Liquid biopsy is a valuable tool in advanced and metastatic cancers for detection of genomic alterations in tumors that facilitate personalized targeted therapy approaches. Analyzing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) using next-generation sequencing (NGS) provides an opportunity to detect tumor genomic changes during therapy and capture inter- and intra-heterogeneity of genomically divergent cancer cell evolution. Herein, we present a patient with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, with progression to soft tissues, bone, and regional lymph nodes, who was treated with abiraterone plus prednisone, with excellent prostate-specific antigen response. At the time of progression, NGS analysis of ctDNA using the FoundationOne®Liquid test revealed a CHEK2 mutation and a BRAF V600E mutation, the latter being exceedingly rare in prostate cancer. At the time of biochemical recurrence, the patient was referred to hematology for evaluation of chronic but stable thrombocytopenia prior to initiating new systemic therapy. Results of a bone marrow biopsy were consistent with hairy-cell leukemia, where the BRAF V600E mutation is considered the disease-defining mutation detectable in nearly all cases at diagnosis. In this case, liquid biopsy served as a noninvasive, highly sensitive approach to help reveal tumor genomic heterogeneity but also identified an unexpected genomic alteration leading to secondary cancer diagnosis and changes to treatment-related decision-making.
Flaxseed Mucilage (IQP-LU-104) Reduces Body Weight in Overweight and Moderately Obese Individuals in a 12-week, Three-Arm, Double-Blind, Randomized, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Study
Authors: Bongartz Udo , Hochmann Uwe , Grube Barbara , Uebelhack Ralf , Alt Felix , Erlenbeck Constantin , Peng Li Vern , Chong Pee Win , De Costa Patricia
Published: February 2022

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the benefit and tolerability of two dosages of a proprietary flaxseed mucilage (IQP-LU-104) in reducing body weight in overweight and moderately obese individuals. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, bi-center trial, 108 participants (body mass index [BMI] 25–<35 kg/m2) were randomly allocated to receive either IQP-LU-104 high dose (104HD), IQP-LU-104 low dose (104LD), or placebo. Participants were instructed to consume 1 sachet of the investigational product (containing IQP-LU-104 or matching placebo) before or with main meals twice daily and to follow a balanced but hypocaloric diet (20% reduction of individual’s daily energy requirements) for 12 weeks. At week 0 (baseline), and weeks 4, 8, and 12 of the intervention periods, the participants’ body weight, BMI, body fat composition, and waist and hip circumferences were measured. Blood samples were collected for safety assessment at screening visit (week -2) and at the end of the study. Adverse events were assessed by the investigators through interviewing the participants and were recorded at every visit post screening. Results: At the end of the 12-week study, body weight reduction was greater in the 104HD group (4.96 ± 1.89 kg, p < 0.001 vs. placebo) and 104LD group (3.70 ± 2.57 kg, p < 0.001 vs. placebo) compared to the placebo group (1.33 ± 2.05 kg). 68% and 46% of participants in the 104HD group (p < 0.001 vs. placebo) and 104LD group (p = 0.002 vs. placebo), respectively, experienced at least 5% weight loss, compared to 9% of participants in the placebo group. Significant decreases in waist and hip circumferences were observed in both the 104HD and 104LD groups compared to the placebo group (each p < 0.001). 104HD group had significantly higher reduction in body fat mass (4.25 ± 5.86 kg) than the placebo group (1.06 ± 3.20 kg) (p = 0.002). Respiratory tract infections and gastrointestinal symptoms were the main adverse events reported and none of the adverse events were related to the intake of IQP-LU-104. Conclusion: Results demonstrated IQP-LU-104 is safe and efficacious in body weight reduction at both dosages in overweight and moderately obese individuals.
Uma análise dos conflitos e avanços do PAC durante o governo Lula retratados por meio das charges
Authors: Miani Rozinaldo Antonio , Akamatsu Bruna Miyuki Enomoto
Published: February 2022

Tem como objetivo identificar e analisar os avanços e conflitos derivados do Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento (PAC) 1, no contexto do governo Lula, lançado no início do segundo mandato do governo petista. O objeto de análise consiste na produção chárgica sobre o referido tema, abordando as ambivalências decorrentes do PAC 1, analisada por meio da metodologia da análise do discurso chárgico. As charges, por sua natureza dissertativa e ideológica, constituem valioso material para o entendimento da história brasileira, de modo a permitir uma rica interpretação do PAC, considerada uma das medidas mais controversas do governo Lula.
Anúncio da Rosa
Authors: Bischof Betina
Published: February 2022

A partir da leitura de “Anúncio da rosa” (A rosa do Povo) e de sua referência explícita ao parnasiano, o ensaio busca compreender o movimento, que, estruturando-se em torno ao embate entre os “tempos difíceis” (burgueses) e o esteticismo, propõe a reflexão sobre engajamento e fechamento, ou (num desdobramento disso) sobre os limites e entraves do próprio projeto drummondiano, em seu livro mais participante (1945).
Consciência reflexiva, tempo presente, cidade futura: sobre A rosa do povo, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade
Authors: Otsuka Edu Teruki
Published: February 2022

Tomando como ponto de partida alguns núcleos temáticos identificados pela crítica na obra drummondiana, busca-se discutir o entrelaçamento dos temas do indivíduo e do tempo histórico, visando a apreender a configuração da subjetividade em poemas de A rosa do povo. Assim, o anseio de autoaniquilamento do indivíduo burguês será entendido em sua conexão com a crítica do presente e a expectativa de um futuro redimido, observando-se a posição de classe do sujeito, bem como o caráter histórico e os limites dessa conjunção. No primeiro Drummond domina a tonalidade irônica e humorística, de modo que o sujeito se desdobra e se hipertrofia para consolar as dores de seu eu apequenado, ao passo que, aqui, o consolo ao indivíduo enredado nos impasses políticos do presente parece surgir da promessa iminente de um mundo emancipado. No entanto, a obra subsequente de Drummond mostrará os limites da expectativa futura figurada em A rosa do povo, que não tardaria a defrontar sua frustração histórica.
Às voltas com o poema
Authors: Rabello Ivone Daré
Published: February 2022

À maneira de uma aula, este texto analisa “A bruxa” (em José), de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, buscando trabalhar, passo a passo, na direção da paráfrase, da análise e da interpretação, de maneira a apreender os sentidos não evidentes do poema.
Sobre silêncios e sombras: Drummond em diálogo com Dante Alighieri e Mário de Andrade
Authors: Galharte Julio Augusto Xavier
Published: February 2022

“Mário de Andrade desce aos infernos”, de Carlos Drummond de Andrade, é o foco deste ensaio, em que se perscruta como um núcleo temático formado por palavra-silêncio e morte-vida é configurado em seus versos, levando em consideração seu desenho formal. A relação entre literatura e sociedade norteia a análise e a interpretação, em suas coincidentes e dessemelhantes feições apresentadas nos séculos XIII, XIV e XX, uma vez que, para sua avaliação, tomo como referências de comparação alguns textos de Dante Alighieri e Mário de Andrade, escritores evocados no título e nas estrofes desse poema do autor mineiro.
Fósforo aceso – Um poema minúsculo, um poeta sagaz
Authors: Fonseca Maria Augusta
Published: February 2022

Com foco na poesia de Oswald de Andrade, este exercício de leitura tem como propósito apresentar uma análise detida de um poema minúsculo do escritor e, por esse intermédio, explorar ainda a pertinência de seus questionamentos em relação à vanguarda de seu tempo.
Editorial
Authors: Pacheco Ana Paula Sá e Souza , Silva Anderson Gonçalves da , Fonseca Maria Augusta Bernardes
Published: February 2022

Na sala de aula, centra seu interesse na leituras de poemas, tendo como público-alvo, mas não apenas, os alunos de Introdução aos Estudos Literários (IEL 1), visando cobrir algumas lacunas deixadas pelas aulas remotas neste duro período em que se propagou violentamente a pandemia da Covid 19, tirando todos das aulas presenciais. O número está dividido em cinco partes: 1. Abertura. Aula, reprodução de manuscrito, depoimento e texto-homenagem; 2. Leitura de poemas: variedades; 3. Drummond em foco: múltiplas leituras; 4. Literatura contemporânea  visadas analíticas. Pensando a sala de aula e lembrando a grande perda que tivemos em 31 de dezembro de 2020, com o falecimento do nosso querido colega Professor Doutor Eduardo Vieira Martins, a quem este número, dedicado à análise de poemas na sala de aula, rende homenagem.
O teatro e a gambiarra: aspectos contemporâneos
Authors: Vidigal Assis Benevenuto
Published: February 2022

Este texto reflete sobre como o universo da gambiarra (Rodrigo Boufleur) está presente no fazer teatral contemporâneo. Para tanto, traça-se a relação existente entre o teatro e o início da modernidade, as transformações ocorridas pela inserção do mercado a partir do choque entre o Velho e Novo Mundo. Davi Kopenawa, Ailton Krenak e Sérgio de Carvalho fundamentam essa perspectiva. As criações cênicas do grupo mineiro Quatroloscinco Teatro do Comum atestam o corpus teórico, demonstrando cenográfica e dramaturgicamente aspectos visíveis da gambiarra.
Caracterização cênica: análise da formação e de processos criativos de maquiadores profissionais que trabalham com as artes cênicas e de grupos teatrais que têm a maquiagem como elemento visual constitutivo
Authors: Magalhães Monica Ferreira
Published: February 2022

Este artigo analisa a formação e processos artísticos de maquiadores profissionais que trabalham com as artes cênicas, como também os processos de alguns grupos teatrais brasileiros que têm a maquiagem como elemento constituinte da visualidade da cena. A análise parte dos depoimentos dados pelos artistas durante os Encontros de Caracterização da Quarentena, realizados no ano de 2020. São destacados teatros de grupo, de pesquisa, superproduções e teatros musicais. Pretende-se, assim, compreender como se dá a formação do profissional da maquiagem no Brasil e as dificuldades encontradas nos processos de criação em diferentes produções teatrais brasileiras.
Marcelo Denny é
Authors: D'Avilla Marcelo
Published: February 2022

Homenagem de Marcelo D’Avilla para Marcelo Denny
Questões de gênero: desvelando a desigualdade no mercado de trabalho da iluminação cênica no Brasil
Authors: Luciani Nadia Moroz , Valcanaia Gabriela , Sugiyama Milena
Published: February 2022

Este artigo pretende, por meio de argumentos, depoimentos epercepções, revelar – para depois poder remover – o véu de igualdadeque encobre a realidade do mercado de trabalho da iluminação cênicabrasileiro, considerando as relações e as condições de trabalho dasmulheres dedicadas ao ramo. Para tanto, lança um olhar atento às vozese experiências de diferentes gerações de mulheres, com enfoque naemergência de movimentos digitais de iluminadoras e técnicas de luzdurante a pandemia da COVID-19 no Brasil. Demonstra, complementadopor uma bibliografia e referenciais específicos dedicados a questões degênero e de desigualdades no mercado de trabalho, a realidade docotidiano e os desafios enfrentados por essas mulheres no decorrer desuas atuações e carreiras profissionais.
Estatuto das Estradas da Rede Rodoviária Nacional de Portugal: cinco anos de vigência
Authors: Pereira-Farinha Luís Miguel
Published: February 2022

Ao fim de cinco anos de vigência do novo Estatuto das Estradas da Rede Rodoviária Nacional de Portugal, verifica-se, por consulta às publicações efetuadas no jornal oficial (Diário da República), ao seu abrigo, que o novo diploma apresenta muitas linhas de continuidade com as normas dos diplomas que o precederam e algumas inovações, que corresponderam à vontade expressa do legislador no sentido de agilizar alguns procedimentos e de criar condições para maior valorização e rentabilização do património rodoviário do Estado. Noutros casos há um notório aumento das preocupações relativas à proteção da estrada e dos seus utentes, com vários preceitos que têm em vista a segurança rodoviária, a fluidez do tráfego e a proteção do ambiente. Neste momento, os técnicos encarregados da gestão do património rodoviário já podem avaliar até que ponto as exigências do legislador plasmadas no novo Estatuto se pautam pela sua efetiva necessidade e proporcionalidade pelo que, o presente artigo, ao analisar o que foi publicado, pretende contribuir para essa tarefa.
Adjetivação do direito administrativo brasileiro como efeito de uma dogmática simbólica: a fuga de um pensamento sistemático
Authors: Simões André Pinho
Published: February 2022

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos gerados pela construção e consolidação de uma dogmática do direito administrativo brasileiro apartada da realidade hodierna e da nova roupagem assumida pela Administração Pública contemporânea. Verifica-se que esse cenário de crise deu ensejo ao movimento de fragmentação do objeto de estudo do direito administrativo, que resultou em um processo de erosão do pensamento científico. Como alternativa, mostra-se necessário o retorno a um pensamento sistemático que promova uma integração entre a parte geral e as partes especiais do direito administrativo.
A política de atenção à saúde do servidor público federal, o tratamento estatal sobre as doenças graves e raras e sua relação com a dignidade da pessoa humana, e os impactos da gestão gerencial e da automação nos processos de trabalho
Authors: Ribeiro Leonardo Coelho , Büttenbender Pedro Luís
Published: February 2022

O artigo versa sobre a Política de Atenção à saúde do servidor público federal, sobre o tratamento estatal em relação às doenças graves e/ou raras e sobre a questão dos impactos que a implantação da gestão estratégica e da automação está trazendo nos processos de trabalho. Tem como objetivo analisar se há políticas públicas eficientes que protejam a saúde dos servidores, tutelem os portadores de doenças graves e/ou raras e verificar os impactos da gestão gerencial e da automação nos processos de trabalho na saúde dos servidores. O estudo conclui que as políticas públicas de atenção a saúde do servidor público federal e dos portadores de doenças graves tem sido muito ineficientes, demonstrando uma notória falta de interesse público, bem como  a necessidade de criação de normas e da implantação de políticas públicas nessas áreas; e que o processo de automação, apesar de ser inevitável, precisa ser implantado de forma gradativa e melhor planejado, a fim de que não produza efeitos nocivos aos servidores e a  toda a sociedade.
Paisagens humanas
Authors: Gregori Márcia Sandoval
Published: February 2022

Ensaio visual intitulado Paisagens humanas, trabalhos poéticos feitos com técnicas pictóricas aguadas que mostram um percurso investigativo-prático inspirado nas pessoas em situação de rua na cidade de São Paulo. Personagens tratadas como descarte, trapos e restos, alegada feiura que socialmente nos recusamos a encarar, desnudam a fragilidade e perversidade do sistema vigente. Os registros e criações propõem ao observador um tempo mais lento, ou outro ato, curiosidade e dedicação que permitam um passeio pela obra, um ver além, a fim de vislumbrar camadas e figuras, sintomas sociais que requerem reflexão e novas práticas. Transfigura-se a realidade horrível em realidade poética em convite ao pensamento e a ações em direção ao caminho inverso, à despersonalização e à quebra de ideias preconcebidas e pré-formuladas.
Desvelar memórias com a desconstrução de obeliscos
Authors: Rahme Anna Maria
Published: February 2022

A presente investigação se propôs a examinar o desmonte das normas impostas nos memoriais erigidos após segunda metade do século XX, que ao mesmo tempo destituem as narrativas hegemônicas nos espaços públicos – como as que regem a construção e implantação dos obeliscos - e, enquanto as desconstroem, se utilizam dos mesmos atributos invertendo-os e, portanto, instaurando novos conceitos. Explorados por James Edward Young, os contra-monumentos contestam a linearidade histórica, o discurso único, a dominação espacial, ativando o observador, antes passivo, pelas condições dinâmicas do lugar e da obra.
Fun Selfies: uma série de imagens sobre as imagens dos artistas.
Authors: Rizolli Marcos
Published: February 2022

A série de fotografias digitais Fun Selfies apresenta-se como atos artísticos interessados em pensar o universo das imagens artísticas por intermédio da apropriação de imagens dos próprios artistas, desconsiderando, inicialmente, as obras que produziram e que os destacaram na História da Arte. Para, posteriormente, resgatar as suas artisticidades em diálogos abertos com suas produções – visualidades, processos, métodos criativos.
Cage 22
Authors: Tofoli Rejane do Nascimento
Published: February 2022

O ensaio realizado no primeiro semestre de 2021, apresenta fotografias que foram captadas no período de lockdown em virtude da pandemia causada pelo coronavírus. As imagens foram capturadas a partir da janela do segundo andar do prédio em que reside a autora. As imagens refletem a liberdade dos pássaros contrastando com o caminho inverso ao do lockdown provocado pela pandemia. Não foram utilizados efeitos artísticos para que a própria natureza pudesse expressar seu estilo.

Palavras-chave: Pássaros, Gaiola, Lockdown, Pandemia, Liberdade.
Ecossemântica do mundo arte
Authors: Ribeiro Ana Sofia de Castro Amarante e , Almeida Teresa Maria Castro de
Published: February 2022

O presente artigo pretende explorar a relação convergente entre a ecologia e a arte contemporânea, através do questionamento da indefinição semântica que diz respeito à insurgência da ética ecológica na produção de arte a partir de 1960, nomeadamente em movimentos como a land art e environmental art, com o intuito de aferir um sentido mais pragmático da ecological art no atual mundo da arte.
Genome-Wide De Novo Variants in Congenital Heart Disease Are Not Associated With Maternal Diabetes or Obesity
Authors: Morton Sarah U. , Pereira Alexandre C. , Quiat Daniel , Richter Felix , Kitaygorodsky Alexander , Hagen Jacob , Bernstein Daniel , Brueckner Martina , Goldmuntz Elizabeth , Kim Richard W. , Lifton Richard P. , Porter George A. , Tristani-Firouzi Martin , Chung Wendy K. , Roberts Amy , Gelb Bruce D. , Shen Yufeng , Newburger Jane W. , Seidman J.G. , Seidman Christine E.
Published: February 2022

Background:

Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common anomaly at birth, with a prevalence of ≈1%. While infants born to mothers with diabetes or obesity have a 2- to 3-fold increased incidence of CHD, the cause of the increase is unknown. Damaging de novo variants (DNV) in coding regions are more common among patients with CHD, but genome-wide rates of coding and noncoding DNVs associated with these prenatal exposures have not been studied in patients with CHD.

Methods:

DNV frequencies were determined for 1812 patients with CHD who had whole-genome sequencing and prenatal history data available from the Pediatric Cardiac Genomics Consortium’s CHD GENES study (Genetic Network). The frequency of DNVs was compared between subgroups using
t
test or linear model.

Results:

Among 1812 patients with CHD, the number of DNVs per patient was higher with maternal diabetes (76.5 versus 72.1,
t
test
P
=3.03×10
−11
), but the difference was no longer significant after including parental ages in a linear model (paternal and maternal correction
P
=0.42). No interaction was observed between diabetes risk and parental age (paternal and maternal interaction
P
=0.80 and 0.68, respectively). No difference was seen in DNV count per patient based on maternal obesity (72.0 versus 72.2 for maternal body mass index <25 versus maternal body mass index >30,
t
test
P
=0.86).

Conclusions:

After accounting for parental age, the offspring of diabetic or obese mothers have no increase in DNVs compared with other children with CHD. These results emphasize the role for other mechanisms in the cause of CHD associated with these prenatal exposures.

Registration:

URL:
https://clinicaltrials.gov
; NCT01196182.
Autonomous Weapon Systems and Human Control
Authors: Hoffberger-Pippan Elisabeth
Published: February 2022

The deployment of autonomous weapon systems (‘aws’) in military operations is a major concern for the international community. While the military in particular argues that increased autonomy mitigates the risks of death and injury for civilians, scientists and civil society emphasise that humans still have to play a decisive role when increasingly outsourcing core competences to machines. In 2017, a Group of Governmental Experts (‘gge’) met for the first time to discuss legal and ethical issues of aws. The centrepiece of the debate was (and still is) the role humans play in an increasingly automated battlefield. In the past couple of years, consensus has been emerging on the necessity of maintaining human control. It will be argued in this contribution that human control (in abstracto) is not merely a political demand. It is also a legal obligation derived from international humanitarian law (‘ihl’). This contribution seeks to analyse relevant rules of ihl with a specific focus on the legal nature of the Martens Clause arguing that human control (in abstracto) is not only politically desired but that it is legally required. That being said, the various concepts aiming to implement and operationalise human control (in concreto) will be examined with a view to offering solutions for a potential regulatory framework on aws at the United Nations (‘UN’) in Geneva.
The Relationship between Institutional Design and the Efficiency of a Jurisdiction
Authors: Kane Anna Yasmina
Published: February 2022

Regional judicial bodies all serve to protect, interpret, and develop the law of the community in which they are established. While they share these common objectives, differences in admissibility, procedure rules, and jurisdiction can be noted. This study aims to shed light on differences in the design of jurisdictions; specifically, it explores whether they impact the efficiency of such courts. Our hypothesis is that institutional design can be used to fix issues – such as enforcement – that some Courts of Justice face. To test this theory, the study focuses on the Court of Justice of the Economic Community of West African States. Using rational design theory, the study of the Court’s case law, its history, and empirical observations, we found that the particularities in admissibility and procedural rules, as well as the scope of the Court’s jurisdiction, were established to bypass some issues linked to the lack of access to justice and weak rule of law in the area. The innovative institutional design allowed the court to be more efficient and helped to establish it as an alternative to national courts for citizens, which in turn promoted the rule of law in the region. However, some problems were left unsolved, and the Court today again faces issues it had managed to avoid in the past. This study concludes that institutional design can serve to create a more efficient judicial body, especially in complex regions. However, there is a risk of only observing short term effects if the adjustments made do not maintain a certain institutional equilibrium.
A new species of Trimma (Pisces: Gobiidae) from the deep reefs of Palau, western Pacific Ocean
Authors: WINTERBOTTOM RICHARD , PYLE RICHARD L.
Published: February 2022

A new species of Trimma is described from three specimens from deep reefs (91.4 m) at Uchelbeluu Reef, Palau, western Pacific Ocean. Trimma panemorfum n. sp. is characterized by a live colouration of a yellow to orange body with two light blue stripes, each with a ventral bar of the same colour from the anterior origin. The predorsal midline is scaled, opercular and cheek scales are absent, the middle 12–13 pectoral-fin rays are branched, the fifth pelvic-fin ray has two dichotomous branch points (total of four branch tips), the bony interorbital is 34–42% pupil width and does not extend ventrolaterally beyond the fifth papilla of row p, where the posterior interorbital trench is present as a slight groove or absent.
Monthly North Atlantic Sea Level Pressure Reconstruction Back to 1750 CE Using Artificial Intelligence Optimization
Authors: Jaume-Santero Fernando , Barriopedro David , García-Herrera Ricardo , Luterbacher Jürg
Published: February 2022

Main modes of atmospheric variability exert a significant influence on weather and climate at local and regional scales on all time scales. However, their past changes and variability over the instrumental record are not well constrained due to limited availability of observations, particularly over the oceans. Here we couple a reconstruction method with an evolutionary algorithm to yield a new 1° × 1° optimized reconstruction of monthly North Atlantic sea level pressure since 1750 from a network of meteorological land and ocean observations. Our biologically inspired optimization technique finds an optimal set of weights for the observing network that maximizes the reconstruction skill of sea level pressure fields over the North Atlantic Ocean, bringing significant improvements over poorly sampled oceanic regions, as compared to non-optimized reconstructions. It also reproduces realistic variations of regional climate patterns such as the winter North Atlantic Oscillation and the associated variability of the subtropical North Atlantic high and the subpolar low pressure system, including the unprecedented strengthening of the Azores high in the second half of the twentieth century. We find that differences in the winter North Atlantic Oscillation indices are partially explained by disparities in estimates of its Azores high center. Moreover, our reconstruction also shows that displacements of the summer Azores high center toward the northeast coincided with extremely warm events in western Europe including the anomalous summer of 1783. Overall, our results highlight the importance of improving the characterization of the Azores high for understanding the climate of the Euro-Atlantic sector and the added value of artificial intelligence in this avenue.
A New Norm for Seasonal Sea Ice Advance Predictability in the Chukchi Sea: Rising Influence of Ocean Heat Advection
Authors: Nakanowatari Takuya , Inoue Jun , Zhang Jinlun , Watanabe Eiji , Kuroda Hiroshi
Published: February 2022

Predictability of seasonal sea ice advance in the Chukchi Sea has been investigated in the context of ocean heat transport from the Bering Strait; however, the underlying physical processes have yet to be fully clarified. Using the Pan-Arctic Ice–Ocean Modeling and Assimilation System (PIOMAS) reanalysis product (1979–2016), we examined seasonal predictability of sea ice advance in early winter (November–December) and its source using canonical correlation analysis. It was found that 2-month leading (September–October) surface heat flux and ocean heat advection is the major predictor for interannual variability of sea ice advance. Surface heat flux is related to the atmospheric cooling process, which has influenced sea ice area in the southeastern Chukchi Sea particularly in the 1980s and 1990s. Anomalous surface heat flux is induced by strong northeasterly winds related to the east Pacific/North Pacific teleconnection pattern. Ocean heat advection, which is related to fluctuation of volume transport in the Bering Strait, leads to decrease in the sea ice area in the northwestern Chukchi Sea. Diagnostic analysis revealed that interannual variability of the Bering Strait volume transport is governed by arrested topographic waves (ATWs) forced by southeasterly wind stress along the shelf of the East Siberian Sea. The contribution of ocean heat flux to sea ice advance has increased since the 2000s; therefore, it is suggested that the major factor influencing interannual variability of sea ice advance in early winter has shifted from atmospheric cooling to ocean heat advection processes.

Significance Statement

Predictability of sea ice advance in the marginal Arctic seas in early winter is a crucial issue regarding future projections of the midlatitude winter climate and marine ecosystem. This study examined seasonal predictability of sea ice advance in the Chukchi Sea in early winter using a statistical technique and historical model simulation data. We identified that atmospheric cooling and ocean heat transport are the two main predictors of sea ice advance, and that the impact of the latter has become amplified since the 2000s. Our new finding suggests that the precise information on wind-driven ocean currents and temperatures is crucial for the skillful prediction of interannual variability of sea ice advance under present and future climatic regimes.
Reduced Sea Ice Enhances Intensification of Winter Storms over the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Crawford Alex D. , Lukovich Jennifer V. , McCrystall Michelle R. , Stroeve Julienne C. , Barber David G.
Published: February 2022

The ideal environment for extratropical cyclone development includes strong vertical shear of horizontal wind and low static stability in the atmosphere. Arctic sea ice loss enhances the upward flux of energy to the lower atmosphere, reducing static stability. This suggests that Arctic sea ice loss may facilitate more intense storms over the Arctic Ocean. However, prior research into this possibility has yielded mixed results with uncertain cause and effect. This work has been limited either in scope (focusing on a few case studies) or resolution (focusing on seasonal averages). In this study, we extend this body of research by comparing the intensification rate and maximum intensity of individual cyclones to local sea ice anomalies. We find robust evidence that reduced sea ice in winter (December–March) strengthens Arctic cyclones by enhancing the surface turbulent heat fluxes and lessening static stability while also strengthening vertical shear of horizontal wind. We find weaker evidence for this connection in spring (April–June). In both seasons, lower sea ice concentration also enhances cyclone-associated precipitation. Although reduced sea ice also weakens static stability in September/October (when sea ice loss has been especially acute), this does not translate to stronger storms because of coincident weakening of wind shear. Sea ice anomalies also have little or no connection to cyclone-associated precipitation in these months. Therefore, future sea ice reductions (e.g., related to delayed autumn freeze-up) will likely enhance Arctic cyclone intensification in winter and spring, but this relationship is sensitive to simultaneous connections between sea ice and wind shear.

Significance Statement

Sea ice is a barrier between the ocean and atmosphere, limiting the exchange of energy between them. As the amount of sea ice in the Arctic Ocean declines, the ocean can transfer more heat to the atmosphere above in fall and winter. It is theorized that this extra energy may help intensify storms that pass through the Arctic. We examine individual storms over the Arctic Ocean and what sea ice conditions they experience as they develop. We find that storms intensify more when sea ice is lower than normal in the winter season only. This relationship may contribute to stronger Arctic winter storms in the future, including heavier precipitation and stronger winds (which can enhance wave heights and coastal erosion).
How Winds and Ocean Currents Influence the Drift of Floating Objects
Authors: Wagner Till J. W. , Eisenman Ian , Ceroli Amanda M. , Constantinou Navid C.
Published: February 2022

Arctic icebergs, unconstrained sea ice floes, oil slicks, mangrove drifters, lost cargo containers, and other flotsam are known to move at 2%–4% of the prevailing wind velocity relative to the water, despite vast differences in the material properties, shapes, and sizes of objects. Here, we revisit the roles of density, aspect ratio, and skin and form drag in determining how an object is driven by winds and water currents. Idealized theoretical considerations show that although substantial differences exist for end members of the parameter space (either very thin or thick and very light or dense objects), most realistic cases of floating objects drift at approximately 3% of the free-stream wind velocity (measured outside an object’s surface boundary layer) relative to the water. This relationship, known as a long-standing rule of thumb for the drift of various types of floating objects, arises from the square root of the ratio of the density of air to that of water. We support our theoretical findings with flume experiments using floating objects with a range of densities and shapes.
Subsurface Mesoscale Eddies Observed in the Northeastern South China Sea: Dynamic Features and Water Mass Transport
Authors: Sun Zhongbin , Zhang Zhiwei , Qiu Bo , Zhou Chun , Zhao Wei , Tian Jiwei
Published: February 2022

A train of subsurface mesoscale eddies (SMEs) consisting of two cyclones and two anticyclones was observed in the northeastern South China Sea (NESCS) in 2015 by a mooring array. In contrast to the widely reported surface-intensified eddies, the SMEs had weak surface signals but showed maximum velocity at ∼370 m with a magnitude of 17.2 cm s−1. The SMEs generally propagated westward with a speed of ∼4.3 cm s−1, which resulted in a distinct ∼120-day-period oscillations in the moored time series. Based on the concurrent velocity, temperature, and salinity from the mooring array, three-dimensional structures of the SMEs were constructed, which were then used to quantify water mass transports induced by them. The results revealed that all these SMEs were vertically tilted with an influence depth exceeding 1000 m. Water mass analysis suggested that the cyclonic and anticyclonic SMEs trapped the northwest Pacific water and the NESCS local water, respectively. The cyclones transported 1.00 ± 0.25 Sv (1 Sv ≡ 106m3s−1) North Pacific Intermediate Water westward into the NESCS during the 2-yr observation period, accounting for 61.7% of the observed volume transport through the Luzon Strait between 25.8 and 27.4σ0. Furthermore, it also showed that both the trapping and stirring effects of the SMEs induced an eastward heat transport across the Luzon Strait, but the role of the former was much more important than the latter. The present results suggested that the SMEs near the Luzon Strait may provide a novel route for the intermediate-layer water exchange between the NESCS and Pacific.
Dynamics of the Baroclinic Rossby Waves Regulating the Abyssal South China Sea
Authors: Xu Qinbo , Zhou Chun , Zhao Wei , Hu Qianwen , Xiao Xin , Zhang Dongqing , Yang Fan , Huang Xiaodong , Tian Jiwei
Published: February 2022

Intraseasonal fluctuation with periods of ∼90 days in the South China Sea (SCS) basin is investigated based on an array of seven subsurface moorings. In the deep layer, the 90-day fluctuation is revealed to contribute significantly to the variability in the current, accounting for ∼69% of the subinertial variance. This fluctuation propagates westward along the mooring section with a phase speed of ∼4.6 cm s−1. In the upper layer, the fluctuation also propagates westward with a similar phase speed, but with opposite phase to that of the deep layer. These results suggest that the 90-day fluctuation regulating the abyssal SCS should be the first mode baroclinic Rossby wave. A set of experiments based on a two-layer dynamic model reveal that both the local wind stress curl and the flow originating from the North Pacific through the Luzon Strait contribute to drive the 90-day fluctuation in the deep SCS, while the latter plays the dominant role.
Diagnosis of Second-Order Turbulent Properties of the Surface Layer for Three-Dimensional Flow Based on the Mellor–Yamada Model
Authors: Eghdami Masih , Barros Ana P. , Jiménez Pedro A. , Juliano Timothy W. , Kosovic Branko
Published: February 2022

Accurate representation of heterogeneous surface layer processes is essential for numerical weather prediction (NWP) with sub-kilometer grid spacing. NWP models such as the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model generally use second-moment turbulent models for parameterizing the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The most common parameterizations follow Mellor–Yamada and account for the vertical turbulent mixing only; that is, standard PBL parameterizations are one-dimensional (1DPBL). The horizontal diffusion of momentum is parameterized based on Smagorinsky’s model for numerical stability. Although the combination of 1DPBL and 2D Smagorinsky parameterizations is successful at coarse grid resolutions (e.g., grid-size dx ∼ 12–2 km), it does not represent well the effect of horizontal turbulence as gridcell size decreases (<1 km). To reconcile the representation of vertical and horizontal turbulent mixing, a full three-dimensional PBL scheme (3DPBL) based on the Mellor–Yamada model was implemented in WRF. The 3DPBL uses the horizontal and vertical turbulent fluxes diagnosed from the flow gradients to handle the turbulent mixing. These gradients cannot be directly calculated near the surface. Therefore, the 3DPBL parameterization is coupled herein to a second-order diagnostic model of the three-dimensional turbulent fluxes in the surface layer. Several adjustments to the original Mellor–Yamada model, including a modified length scale, were introduced to capture flow anisotropy and dependence on stability conditions. The results are compared against data from the Wind Forecast Improvement Project 2 (WFIP2) for different weather regimes and using different grid resolutions to examine stability and scale dependency.
Assimilation of AMSU-A in All-Sky Conditions
Authors: Duncan David I. , Bormann Niels , Geer Alan J. , Weston Peter
Published: February 2022

Radiances from microwave temperature sounders have been assimilated operationally at ECMWF for two decades, but observations significantly affected by clouds and precipitation have been screened out. Extending successful assimilation beyond clear-sky scenes is a challenge that has taken several years of development to achieve. In this paper we describe the all-sky treatment of AMSU-A, which enables greater numbers of temperature sounding radiances to be used in meteorologically active parts of the troposphere. Successful all-sky assimilation required combining lessons learned from the clear-sky assimilation of AMSU-A with the approach initially developed for humidity-sensitive microwave radiances. This concerned particularly observation thinning, error modeling, and variational quality control. As a result of the move to all-sky assimilation, the forecast impact of AMSU-A now replicates and exceeds that of the previous clear-sky usage. This is shown via trials in comparison to the current ECMWF assimilation system, judged with respect to forecast scores and background fits to independent observations. Persistently cloudy regions and phenomena such as tropical cyclones are better sampled when assimilating AMSU-A in all-sky conditions, causing an increase of about 13% in used channel-5 radiances globally. These impacts are explored, with an emphasis on tropical cyclones in the 2019 season. Independent observations provide consistent evidence that representation of humidity is improved, for example, while extratropical Z500 forecasts are improved by about 0.5% out to at least day 2. On the strength of these results, assimilation of AMSU-A moved to all-sky conditions with the upgrade to IFS cycle 47R3 in October 2021.
Evaluation of Citation Inaccuracies in Surgical Literature by Journal Type, Study Design, and Level of Evidence: Towards Safeguarding the Peer-Review Process
Authors: Sauder Matthew , Newsome Kevin , Zagales Israel , Autrey Cody , Das Snigdha , Ang Darwin , Elkbuli Adel
Published: February 2022

Background

Accurate citation practices are key to furthering knowledge in an efficient and valid manner. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of citation inaccuracies in original research from the top-ranked surgical journals and to evaluate the impact level of evidence has on citation inaccuracy.

Methods

A retrospective study evaluating the citation accuracy of the top 10 ranked surgical journals using the SJCR indicators. For each year between 2015 and 2020, the top 10 cited studies were selected, totaling 60 studies from each journal. From each individual study, 10 citations were randomly selected and evaluated for accuracy. Categories of inaccuracy included fact not found, study not found, contradictory conclusion, citation of a citation, and inaccurate population.

Results

A total of 5973 citations were evaluated for accuracy. Of all the citations analyzed, 15.2% of them had an inaccuracy. There was no statistically significant difference in citations inaccuracy rates among the years studied ( P = .38) or study level of evidence ( P = .21). Annals of Surgery, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery and Annals of Surgical Oncology had significantly more citation inaccuracies than other journals evaluated ( P < .05). JAMA Surgery, The Journal of Endovascular Therapy and The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery had significantly fewer citation inaccuracies.

Conclusions

Although 84.8% of citations from 2015-2020 were determined to be accurate, citation inaccuracies continue to be prevalent throughout highly-ranked surgical literature. There were no significant differences identified in citation inaccuracy rates between the years evaluated or based on study level of evidence.
Factors contributing to reading comprehension in children with varying degrees of word-level proficiency
Authors: Bell Nicola , Wheldall Kevin
Published: February 2022

The present study was conducted to explore how the relationships between reading comprehension constructs change according to word reading accuracy, as measured in a large convenience sample ( n = 857) of school-aged students (Years 3–6) with reading difficulties. Multiple regression analyses containing interaction variables were conducted, to determine whether word reading accuracy moderated the relationships between the dependent variable (i.e. reading comprehension) and independent variables (i.e. each of vocabulary and nonword reading accuracy). The interaction variable between word reading accuracy and receptive vocabulary was significant, with steeper slopes evident among more skilled readers compared to less skilled readers. Conversely, the interaction variable between word reading accuracy and nonword reading accuracy was also significant, but with steeper slopes evident among the less skilled reader groups. These patterns align with what has been found in typically developing children: as word reading ability improves, reading comprehension depends more so on language comprehension skills than lower-level decoding skills.
Learner Experiences During the Design-Based Research Process for a Problem-Based Instructional Design Course
Authors: Park Yun Claire
Published: February 2022

The discrepancy between students’ understanding of domain knowledge and their actual competencies to use tacit knowledge for a given task has been an issue to consider when instruction is designed, implemented, and revised. In this study, the researcher examines teaching and learning processes in which a Problem-Based Learning (PBL) design model was crafted and used for an advanced instructional design course in the educational technology field. The focus is on the researcher‘s ongoing and recursive reflective experiences in reviewing design components of the model, analyzing the motivators and difficulties students faced, and offering alternative methods to improve the initial design. The findings show that the PBL approach played an instrumental role in creating real challenges that the target professionals may experience. On the other hand, observed difficulties in PBL include intrinsic and extrinsic cognitive loads associated with the complexity of the instructional design process, self-regulated learning skills, learning beliefs, and supporting strategies used for team dynamics. The patterns identified in the behaviors and perceptions of effective and struggling students are interpreted. Based on the findings, new constructs of the model were suggested for further improvement.