bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Iron-overload-induced ferroptosis in mouse cerebral toxoplasmosis promotes brain injury and could be inhibited by Deferiprone
Authors: Wang Chong , Xie Linding , Xing Yien , Liu Min , Yang Jun , Gao Nannan , Cai Yihong
Published: August 2023

Iron is a trace metal element that is essential for the survival of cells and parasites. The role of iron in cerebral toxoplasmosis (CT) is still unclear. Deferiprone (DFP) is the orally active iron chelator that binds iron in a molar ratio of 3:1 (ligand:iron) and promotes urinary iron excretion to remove excess iron from the body. The aims of this experiment were to observe the alterations in iron in brains withToxoplasma gondii(T.gondii) acute infections and to investigate the mechanism of ferroptosis in CT using DFP. We established a cerebral toxoplasmosis modelin vivousing TgCtwh3, the dominant strains of which are prevalent in China, and treated the mice with DFP at a dose of 75 mg/kg/d. Meanwhile, we treated the HT-22 cells with 100 μM DFP for half an hour and then infected cells with TgCtwh3in vitro. A qRT-PCR assay ofTgSAG1 levels showed a response to theT.gondiiburden. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, an iron ion assay kit, Western blot analysis, glutathione and glutathione disulfide assay kits, a malonaldehyde assay kit, and immunofluorescence to detect the ferroptosis-related indexes in the mouse hippocampus and HT-22 cells. The inflammatory factors interferon-γ, tumor necrosis factor-α, transforming growth factor-β, and arginase 1 in the hippocampus and cells were detected using the Western blot assay. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, electron microscopy, and the Morris water maze experiment were used to evaluate the brain injuries of the mice. The results showed that TgCtwh3 infection is followed by the activation of ferroptosis-related signaling pathways and hippocampal pathological damage in mice. The use of DFP led to ferroptosis resistance and attenuated pathological changes, inflammatory reactions andT.gondiiburden of the mice, prolonging their survival time. The HT-22 cells with TgCtwh3 activated the ferroptosis pathway and was inhibit by DFPin vitro. In TgCtwh3-infected cells, inflammatory response and mitochondrial damage were severe, but these effects could be reduced by DFP. Our study elucidates the mechanism by whichT.gondiiinterferes with the host’s iron metabolism and activates ferroptosis, complementing the pathogenic mechanism of CT and further demonstrating the potential value of DFP for the treatment of CT.
The bacterial profile and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in respiratory tract samples from art-experienced HIV-positive adults in Uganda
Authors: Lubega Gloria , Abaasa Andrew , Ochola Willyfred , Kikaire Bernard , Lutaakome Joseph , Rugazira Eugene , Mayanja Yunia
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Microbial infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV (PLWH). Respiratory tract infections (RTIs) are responsible for approximately 70% of illnesses among PLWH. Drug resistant bacteria are highly prevalent among PLWH and this is a public health concern.

Methods

This is a retrospective analysis of data collected during the COSTOP trial between 2011 and 2013. Sputum collected on spot from participants presenting with a productive cough was examined using Gram, Ziehl-Neelsen stains and cultured on suitable bacteriological media. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing was done on isolated pathogens, by disc diffusion technique.

Results

We included 687 participants with mean age 41.3 (SD 8.2) years of whom 76.4% were female. Two hundred one sputum samples grew bacteria;Moraxella species(27.4%),Streptococcus pneumoniae(25.4%),Haemophilus influenza(22.4%),Mycobacterium species(4.5%),Pseudomonas species(4.0%),Staphylococcus aureus(4.0%),Escherichia coli(1.0%),Klebsiella species(1.0%), other bacteria (10.4%). A higher monthly income greater than or equal to 30$ (aOR = 0.63, 95%CI: 0.40–0.99) and longer duration since HIV diagnosis (aOR = 1.06, 95%CI: 1.0–1.11) were found to be independently associated with a positive bacterial culture. Moraxellasp, H.influenzaand Pseudomonas had zero sensitivity towards cotrimoxazole. Sensitivity to erythromycin was low among Moraxellasp(28.6%), H.influenza(31.6%) and S.aureus(42.9%) and other bacteria (42.9%). Most isolates were sensitive to Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid and ceftriaxone.

Conclusion

There is a very low sensitivity of isolated bacteria to commonly prescribed antibiotics that are more available through the national supply chain, which is of public health concern. Urgent steps to tackle the high antimicrobial resistance among PLWH is required.
Epidemiology of syphilis infections among pregnant women in Tanzania: Analysis of the 2020 national representative sentinel surveillance
Authors: Sunguya Bruno , Mboya Erick Alexander , Mizinduko Mucho , Balandya Belinda , Sabasaba Amon , Amani Davis Elias , Kamori Doreen , Ruhago George , Mkumbwa Rebecca , Faustine Prosper , Maokola Werner , Sambu Veryeh , Mushi Jeremiah , Nyamuhagata Mukome , Jullu Boniphace S. , Juya Amir , Rugemalila Joan , Mgomella George , Asiimwe Sarah , Pembe Andrea B.
Published: August 2023

Background

Syphilis has detrimental effects on the health of the mother and that of both fetuses and newborns exposed in utero or at delivery. Understanding its local epidemiology is essential for policies, planning, and implementation of targeted preventive interventions. Using data from the 2020 National Sentinel Surveillance of pregnant women attending antenatal clinics (ANCs) in Tanzania we determined the prevalence and determinants of syphilis among pregnant women in Tanzania mainland.

Methodology

The ANC surveillance was conducted in 159 ANC sites from all 26 regions of Tanzania’s mainland from September to December 2020. It included all pregnant women 15 years and above on their first ANC visit in the current pregnancy during the survey period. Counseling for syphilis was done using standard guidelines at the ANC and testing was done using rapid SD Bioline HIV/Syphilis Duo test kits. Analysis was done using both descriptive statistics to determine the prevalence and characteristics of syphilis, whereas, logistic regressions were used to examine the independent association between syphilis and dependent variables.

Results

A total of 38,783 women [median age (Interquartile range (IQR)) = 25 (21–30) years] participated in the surveillance. Of them, 582 (1.4%) tested positive for syphilis. A wide regional variation was observed with the highest burden in Kagera (4.5%) to the lowest burden in Kigoma (0.3%). The odds of syphilis infections were higher among older women and those with no formal education. Compared with primigravids, women with 1–2, those with 3–4 and those with more than four previous pregnancies had 1.8 (aOR = 1.8, 95% CI: 1.2–2.5), 2.1 (aOR = 2.1, 95% CI: 1.4–3.1) and 2.6 (aOR = 2.6, 95% CI: 1.7–3.9) higher odds of syphilis infection respectively.

Conclusion

Syphilis is still prevalent among pregnant women in Tanzania with a wide regional disparity. Efforts to prevent new infections, screen pregnant women, and treat those infected should be strategized to include all regions and renewed emphasis on regions with high burden, and importantly among women who are multipara, with a low level of education, and advanced age.
Contrasting speed and accuracy approaches to measure executive functions in three low-and middle-income countries
Authors: Wray Charlotte , Kowalski Alysse J. , Mpondo Feziwe , Ochaeta Laura , Belleza Delia , DiGirolamo Ann , Waford Rachel , Richter Linda , Lee Nanette , Scerif Gaia , Stein Alan , Stein Aryeh D. ,   COHORTS
Published: August 2023

Executive functions (EF) can be measured by tests assessing accuracy, reaction times and by computing scores which combine these two components. Interpretation issues can arise from the use of different scoring methods across studies. Given that EF measures and their scoring methods are predominantly developed and validated in high income countries, little is known about the generalisability of such methods cross- culturally. The current paper compares two different established scoring approaches for measures of inhibition and cognitive flexibility: difference scores (which utilise reaction time only) and computed scores (combining accuracy and reaction time). We utilised data collected in adulthood from three low- and middle-income birth cohorts (Guatemala, Philippines, South Africa). Non-normal distributions were observed for both scoring methods in all three samples; however, this was more pronounced for the difference score method. Differing distribution patterns were observed across the three cohorts, which was especially evident in the Guatemala cohort, highlighting potential issues with using these methods across diverse populations. The data suggest that the computed scores may be a reliable measure of EF. However, the different ways of scoring and interpreting EF instruments need to be considered carefully for each population before use.
Development of a urinometer for automatic measurement of urine flow in catheterized patients
Authors: Lafuente José-Luis , González Samuel , Puertas Enrique , Gómez-Tello Vicente , Avilés Eva , Albo Niza , Mateo Claudia , Beunza Juan-Jose
Published: August 2023

Urinary flow measurement and colorimetry are vital medical indicators for critically ill patients in intensive care units. However, there is a clinical need for low-cost, continuous urinary flow monitoring devices that can automatically and in real-time measure urine flow. This need led to the development of a non-invasive device that is easy to use and does not require proprietary disposables. The device operates by detecting urine flow using an infrared barrier that returns an unequivocal pattern, and it is capable of measuring the volume of liquid in real-time, storing the history with a precise date, and returning alarms to detect critical trends. The device also has the ability to detect the color of urine, allowing for extended data and detecting problems in catheterized patients such as hematuria. The device is proposed as an automated clinical decision support system that utilizes the concept of the Internet of Medical Things. It works by using a LoRa communication method with the LoRaWAN protocol to maximize the distance to access points, reducing infrastructure costs in massive deployments. The device can send data wirelessly for remote monitoring and allows for the collection of data on a dashboard in a pseudonymous way. Tests conducted on the device using a gold standard medical grade infusion pump and fluid densities within the 1.005 g/ml to 1.030 g/ml urine density range showed that droplets were satisfactorily captured in the range of flows from less than 1 ml/h to 500 ml/h, which are acceptable ranges for urinary flow. Errors ranged below 15%, when compared to the values obtained by the hospital infusion pump used as gold standard. Such values are clinically adequate to detect changes in diuresis patterns, specially at low urine output ranges, related to renal disfunction. Additionally, tests carried out with different color patterns indicate that it detects different colors of urine with a precision in detecting RGB values <5%. In conclusion, the results suggest that the device can be useful in automatically monitoring diuresis and colorimetry in real-time, which can facilitate the work of nursing and provide automatic decision-making support to intensive care physicians.
Study the muti-bolt fastening under different load positions in gear rack drilling rig
Authors: Wang Jiangang , Shi Lei , Feng Ding , Tu Paul
Published: August 2023

During the operation of drilling rigs, bolts are subjected to significant loads, rendering bolt groups vulnerable to failure due to uneven load distribution. This study investigates the multi-bolt load distribution characteristics of eight-gear and four-gear symmetric transmission mechanisms in drilling rigs. The spring stiffness method is utilized to analyze multi-bolt load distribution. A finite element model of the bolted connection is developed by integrating the structural shape and transmission mechanism. The model’s accuracy is validated through a rack strain test under various loads. Based on the finite element analysis results, this study proposes an evaluation method for bolted connections using relative deformation difference. The impacts of bolt pitch, end distance, preload, and thickness of the derrick connection plate under different load positions on the connection are examined. This paper presents a methodology and conclusions that can inform the design of bolted connections for heavy-duty drive systems.
Exploring user and stakeholder perspectives from South Africa and Uganda to refine microarray patch development for HIV PrEP delivery and as a multipurpose prevention technology
Authors: Ismail Ayesha , Magni Sarah , Katahoire Anne , Ayebare Florence , Siu Godfrey , Semitala Fred , Kyambadde Peter , Friedland Barbara , Jarrahian Courtney , Kilbourne-Brook Maggie
Published: August 2023

Background

Oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective, but alternative delivery options are needed to reach more users. Microarray patches (MAPs), a novel drug-delivery system containing micron-scale projections or “microneedles” that deliver drugs via skin, are being developed to deliver long-acting HIV PrEP and as a multipurpose prevention technology to protect from HIV and unintended pregnancy. We explored whether MAP technology could meet user and health system needs in two African countries.

Methods

Researchers in South Africa and Uganda conducted 27 focus group discussions, 76 mock-use exercises, and 31 key informant interviews to explore perceptions about MAPs and specific features such as MAP size, duration of protection, delivery indicator, and health system fit. Participants included young women and men from key populations and vulnerable groups at high risk of HIV and/or unintended pregnancy, including adolescent girls and young women; female sex workers and men who have sex with these women; and men who have sex with men. In Uganda, researchers also recruited young women and men from universities and the community as vulnerable groups. Key stakeholders included health care providers, sexual and reproductive health experts, policymakers, and youth activists. Qualitative data were transcribed, translated, coded, and analyzed to explore perspectives and preferences about MAPs. Survey responses after mock-use in Uganda were tabulated to assess satisfaction with MAP features and highlight areas for additional refinement.

Results

All groups expressed interest in MAP technology, reporting perceived advantages over other methods. Most participants preferred the smallest MAP size for ease of use and discreetness. Some would accept a larger MAP if it provided longer protection. Most preferred a protection duration of 1 to 3 months or longer; others preferred 1-week protection. Upper arm and thigh were the most preferred application sites. Up to 30 minutes of wear time was considered acceptable; some wanted longer to ensure the drug was fully delivered. Self-administration was valued by all groups; most preferred initial training by a provider.

Conclusions

Potential users and stakeholders showed strong interest in/acceptance of MAP technology, and their feedback identified key improvements for MAP design. If a MAP containing a high-potency antiretroviral or a MAP containing both an antiretroviral and hormonal contraceptive is developed, these products could improve acceptability/uptake of protection options in sub-Saharan Africa.
Elevated liver glycogenolysis mediates higher blood glucose during acute exercise in Barth syndrome
Authors: Schweitzer George G. , Ditzenberger Grace L. , Hughey Curtis C. , Finck Brian N. , Martino Michael R. , Pacak Christina A. , Byrne Barry J. , Cade William Todd
Published: August 2023

Barth syndrome (BTHS) is an X-linked recessive genetic disorder due to mutations in the Tafazzin (TAFAZZIN) gene that lead to cardiac and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. Previous studies in humans with BTHS demonstrate that the defects in muscle mitochondrial oxidative metabolism result in an enhanced reliance on anaerobic metabolism during exercise to meet energy demands of muscular work. During exercise, the liver normally increases glucose production via glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis to match the elevated rate of muscle glucose uptake and meet the ATP requirements of working muscle. However, the impact of Tafazzin deficiency on hepatic glucose production and the pathways contributing to hepatic glucose production during exercise is unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to quantifyin vivoliver gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis in Tafazzin knockdown mice at rest and during acute exercise.METHODS:Male TAFAZZIN shRNA transgenic (TG) and wild-type (WT) mice completed exhaustive treadmill running protocols to test exercise tolerance. Mice underwent2H- and13C-stable isotope infusions at rest and during a 30-minute treadmill running bout to quantify hepatic glucose production and associated nutrient fluxes under sedentary conditions and during acute exercise. Circulating and tissue (skeletal muscle and liver) samples were obtained during and following exercise to assess static metabolite levels.RESULTS:TG mice reached exhaustion sooner during exhaustive treadmill running protocols and exhibited higher plasma lactate concentrations after exhaustive exercise compared to WT mice. Arterial glucose levels were comparable between genotypes at rest, but higher in TG mice compared to WT mice during exercise. Consistent with the higher blood glucose, TG mice showed increased endogenous glucose production owing to elevated glycogenolysis compared to WT mice during exercise. Total gluconeogenesis, gluconeogenesis from glycerol, gluconeogenesis from phosphoenolpyruvate, pyruvate cycling, total cataplerosis, and anaplerotic fluxes were similar between TG and WT mice at rest and during exercise. However, lactate dehydrogenase flux and TCA cycle fluxes trended higher in TG mice during exercise. Liver glycogen content in TG was higher in TG vs. controls.CONCLUSION:Our data in the Tafazzin knockdown mouse suggest that elevated anaerobic metabolism during rest and exercise previously reported in humans with BTHS are supported by the finding of higher hepatic glycogenolysis.
Implementation evaluation of a medical student-led intervention to enhance students’ engagement with research: Findings and lessons learned
Authors: Haroon Mian Arsam , Noorali Ali Aahil , Khan Abdullah Saeed , Hussain Muzamil Hamid , Advani Rohan , Sami Ashmal , Merchant Asma Altaf , Khan Adnan Ali , Baloch Sana Gul , Tharwani Arsal , Fatimi Saulat H. , Samad Zainab , Hasan Babar S. , Rasheed Muneera A.
Published: August 2023

Introduction

Medical colleges globally have student organizations that serve to enable students’ involvement in research. However, details of their approach and activities are seldom published to serve as learning for student organizations in other settings. The Student Research Forum (SRF), a student organization based at a private medical school in Pakistan aims to facilitate students in acquiring research skills. Following the observation of a downward trajectory of student initiative and interest, SRF leadership restructured the organization and improve its impact. This study describes the development and implementation evaluation of the interventions.

Methodology

The operational framework was revised using the Theory of Change by the core group. Major interventions included enhanced social media and outreach coordination, research workshops, journal clubs, and mentorship to increase research output, mentorship opportunities, and knowledge of medical research; ultimately improving quality in research. The outcomes generated over the course of the study’s duration from July 2019 to September 2021 were analyzed using the process metrics of reach, adoption, and efficacy.

Results

As a result of the interventions, SRF expanded its reach by conducting a total of 41 events during the duration of the study, facilitated by social media growth on each of SRF’s online platforms, with a 300% increase in followers on Facebook, and a nationwide network of 91 student ambassadors. An annual workshop series taught research skills to more than 3800 participants. Students leading their own events, SRF featuring international speakers, and the abstracts submitted to SRF’s annual conference, along with the conference’s reach of 10,000 students, are seen as improvements in the ToC-informed interventions’ adoption. The efficacy of the interventions manifested as the REACH program allocated 56 research projects to vetted applicants.

Conclusion

The applied interventions have accelerated SRF’s progress towards achieving its long-term outcome of increased quality in research as translated by increased research output quantity, mentorship, and knowledge of medical research. Further evaluation is required to assess the success of the ToC. As SRF continues to grow, a continued analysis of the implementation outcomes is imperative to gauge its effectiveness.
Factors influencing nursing students’ knowledge, attitudes, and infection management behavior for emerging respiratory infectious diseases: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Park Ha-Young , Yeom In-Sun
Published: August 2023

Understanding the factors influencing infection management behavior related to Emerging Respiratory Infectious Diseases (ERIDs) among nursing students is important because nursing students play a vital role in preventing the spread of ERIDs. This study aimed to determine factors influencing infection management behavior related to ERIDs among nursing students in Korea. In this cross-sectional survey study, data were collected from May 3 to June 30, 2022, using a questionnaire. Data collected from 481 nursing students were analyzed using descriptive statistics, an independent t-test, a one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical multiple regression using the SPSS program. The key factors influencing respondents’ ERID-related infection management behavior were attitude (β = 0.554,p<0.001) and knowledge (β = 0.282,p<0.001). The explanatory power of this model was 40.2%, and the regression model was found to be statistically significant (F = 27.935,p<0.001). To improve nursing students’ ERID-related infection management behavior, their knowledge of and attitudes toward ERIDs should be enhanced by repeatedly providing them with accurate professional information about ERIDs. Therefore, intensive efforts should be taken to develop a systematic educational program that can help nursing students better perform infection management.
Inhibition of α-hemolysin activity of Staphylococcus aureus by theaflavin 3,3’-digallate
Authors: Goc Anna , Sumera Waldemar , Rath Matthias , Niedzwiecki Aleksandra
Published: August 2023

The ongoing rise in antibiotic resistance, and a waning of the introduction of new antibiotics, has resulted in limited treatment options for bacterial infections, including these caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, leaving the world in a post-antibiotic era. Here, we set out to examine mechanisms by which theaflavin 3,3’-digallate (TF3) might act as an anti-hemolytic compound. In the presented study, we found that TF3 has weak bacteriostatic and bactericidal effects on Staphylococcus aureus, and strong inhibitory effect towards the hemolytic activity of its α-hemolysin (Hla) including its production and secretion. A supportive SPR assay reinforced these results and further revealed binding of TF3 to Hla with KD = 4.57×10−5 M. Interestingly, TF3 was also able to protect human primary keratinocytes from Hla-induced cell death, being at the same time non-toxic for them. Further analysis of TF3 properties revealed that TF3 blocked Hla-prompting immune reaction by inhibiting production and secretion of IL1β, IL6, and TNFα in vitro and in vivo, through affecting NFκB activity. Additionally, we observed that TF3 also markedly attenuated S. aureus-induced barrier disruption, by inhibiting Hla-triggered E-cadherin and ZO-1 impairment. Overall, by blocking activity of Hla, TF3 subsequently subdued the inflammation and protected the epithelial barrier, which is considered as beneficial to relieving skin injury.
Azole potentiation in Candida species
Authors: Stenkiewicz-Witeska Jan S. , Ene Iuliana V.
Published: August 2023

Fungal infections are rising, with over 1.5 billion cases and more than 1 million deaths recorded each year. Among these, Candida infections are frequent in at-risk populations and the rapid development of drug resistance and tolerance contributes to their clinical persistence. Few antifungal drugs are available, and their efficacy is declining due to the environmental overuse and the expansion of multidrug-resistant species. One way to prolong their utility is by applying them in combination therapy. Here, we highlight recently described azole potentiators belonging to different categories: natural, repurposed, or novel compounds. We showcase examples of molecules and discuss their identified or proposed mode of action. We also emphasise the challenges in azole potentiator development, compounded by the lack of animal testing, the overreliance on Candida albicans and Candida auris, as well as the limited understanding of compound efficacy.
Recent advancement in CO2 capturing: An electrochemical approach
Authors: Nihmiya A.R. , Jayarathne R.M.H.H. , Nilmini A.H.L.R.
Published: August 2023

Various methods have been suggested to address the problem of elevated levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere. A  potential technique among these strategies is the electrochemical reduction of CO2 (ERC), which can simultaneously solve issues like CO2-induced global warming and enable sustainable energy storage. The ERC procedure takes place within an electrochemical cell at the interface between an ionic conductor (the electrolyte) and an electron conductor (the cathode). In this process, the anode facilitates the oxidation of water, while the cathode enables CO2 reduction. However, a significant challenge in the ERC process lies in selecting an appropriate catalyst for the cathode material. In addition to explore the new transition metals, researchers have also  investigated metal complex catalysts and nanostructures to enhance catalyst activity and product selectivity. Non-aqueous electrolytes have been employed to avoid the hydrogen evolution reaction. Ionic liquids have been proposed as a solution to address the challenge of low CO2 solubility in the reaction medium, offering significant potential for enhancing conversion rates to resolve the limitations  faced by aqueous and non-aqueous systems solid polymer electrolytes are being considered. The cell configuration has been continuously improved to improve the mass transfer effects and to better separate the reaction products. This review paper provides a preface to the ERC process and an inclusive review of several decades of research work on ERC process by analyzing the adopted  various and novel cathode materials, electrolytes and cell configuration.
Synthesis, Characterization, Biological Evaluation, DFT Studies and Molecular Docking of Novel 12-(2-(1H-Imidazol-1-yl)quinolin-3-yl)-8-methyl-2,3,4,12-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[4,5]thiazolo[2,3-b]quinazolin-1-one and its Derivatives
Authors: Sharma Puja , Patel Rajat , Koshti Rohit R. , Vyas Akshay , Sangani Chetan B.
Published: August 2023

Twelve new compounds were synthesized consisting of biquinoline-imidazole-benzothiazole hybrids 6a-l using a base catalyzed one pot MCR reaction, these were then screened for in vitro biological activities against cancer cell lines. Among the twelve prepared  potential anticancer agents, compound 6j was found to be the most active against EGFR (IC50 of 0.14 ± 0.03 Μm), A549 and HepG2, also the same derivative of the series was found to be most active against FabH (IC50 of 3.1 Μm) E. coli. Further the molecules were analysed for DFT and molecular docking studies to calculate the distance and angle between the active parts of the molecules as well as charge density distribution over the molecules which provides a qualitative measure for the effective the binding of molecules in the active  pockets with greater binding affinity.
Synthesis, Spectral Characterization and Biological Evaluation of Glutaric acid based Macrocyclic Complexes
Authors: Rajrani gulia Rajrani Gulia , Vikas Sangwan Vikas Sangwan , Anshul Anshul Singh
Published: August 2023

In the presence of divalent transition metal ions in their chloride forms, glutaric acid and o-phenylenediamine were used to design and synthesize a unique series of macrocyclic complexes. The UV-Visible, IR, ESR, and ESI-MS spectroscopy methods were used to analyze these newly designed complexes. In order to evaluate their thermal behavior, TGA analysis was employed. The intended general formula for the produced complexes was [M(L)X2] (L = ligand, X = Cl- and M = Co2+, Ni2+ and Cu2+). The central metal ions are  surrounded by octahedral environment. These macrocyclic complexes were tested for their antimicrobial effectiveness against the  selected bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli), as well as fungi strains  (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans) and their efficacy was compared to that of standard drugs Streptomycin and Itraconazole respectively. Moreover, the antioxidant activity of the macrocyclic complexes were also assessed using the DPPH assay.
A Theoretical Investigation of Decorated Novel 1,2-Di(4-pyridyl)-ethylene based Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)
Authors: KRISHNAVENI S. , JOSEPHINE X. MARY , MOHANKUMAR S. , SATHYANARAYANAMOORTHI V.
Published: August 2023

Density functional theory (DFT) approaches are employed to investigate the performance of dyes and the influence of p-conjugation in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this investigation, five new 1,2-di(4-pyridyl)-ethylene based conjugated donor-π-acceptor organic dyes (D-π-A) exist. The spacer is a diphenylamine (DPA) group, while the diphenyl amine group serves as the component that donateselectrons in each system, the nitro/cyano group is used as an electron accepting group. An alternate methyl/ethyl group is employed as π-conjugated spacer in order to study the effect of the auxiliary donor group. Through performing DFT calculations with the B3LYP both the polarized split-valence 6-311++G (d,p) basis sets, an excitation energies, absorption spectra and emission spectra of eachmolecule were examined. The polarizable continuum model (PCM) is utilized in studying these impact for solvent. The energies at which these dyes are LUMO and HOMO, which assure the favourable impact for electron injection and these dye regeneration process.  The calculation of the HOMO-LUMO gap demonstrates good agreement when compared to spectral information. The light-harvestingefficiency (LHE), electron injection free energy (ΔGinject), as well as oscillator strength (f) are computed and explained. The calculated open-circuit photovoltage values (Voc) and electron coupling constant (VRP) for the studied dye-sensitizers are also included in this  study.
A Case of Functional Bowel Disease Misdiagnosed as Carcinoid Syndrome
Authors: Quo Shane , Zakko Wisam
Published: August 2023

An elevated urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (U5-HIAA) is typically thought of to be related to carcinoid syndrome. It is widely known that several other etiologies can cause high levels; however, those etiologies typically cause mild elevations. We present a unique situation of a highly elevated U5-HIAA not because of a neuroendocrine tumor. Gastroenterologists need to have an approach in mind if they encounter this predicament. We aim to raise awareness of this situation to emphasize the importance of a thorough medication history and avoid unnecessary testing.
Simulative Comparison of Radiation Model Parameterizations for Direct Current Arcs in a Busbar Setup
Authors: Kimpeler Simon , Ballweber Tim , Mingers Frederik , Moser Albert , Tönnesmann Andres , Fuhrmann Daniel
Published: August 2023

The influence of different methods for calculating mean absorption coefficients on the mean arc voltage and velocity of an arc moving in air along parallel busbars is investigated in a numerical arc simulation. The radiation model used is the discrete ordinate method. Planck, hybrid and Rosseland mean calculations for a three- and six-band selection are discussed. Compared with the experimental results from a published paper, the Planck mean for six bands shows the most promising results.
Separando fato de ficção
Authors: Duarte Marco Antonio Hungaro , Alcalde Murilo Priori
Published: August 2023

Atualmente, dentro da Endodontia, há muitas divergências de opiniões e de protocolos clínicos, como, por exemplo, os tratamentos em sessões únicas ou múltiplas, aberturas coronárias conservadoras ou convencionais, diâmetro apical de dilatação, etc. Assim, vivemos uma Endodontia diversa, o que requer embasamento científico do endodontista para selecionar a melhor conduta para os pacientes. A discussão da realização do tratamento endodôntico em uma ou múltiplas sessões perdura até hoje, pois baseia-se em trabalhos clínico-radiográficos e revisões sistemáticas que não mostram diferença entre as duas modalidades. No entanto, ao analisar os resultados de trabalhos biológicos realizados em dentes de cães, o tratamento em múltiplas sessões (uso da medicação intracanal) apresenta um sucesso significativamente maior. Sendo assim, o uso da medicação intracanal é indicado, principalmente, nos casos de necropulpectomia.
Procedimento endodôntico regenerativo em sessão única, para tratamento de dente permanente imaturo com pulpite irreversível: relato de caso
Authors: Maia Cláudia de Castro Rizzi , Silva Karime Tavarez Lima da , Maia Filho Etevaldo Matos , Soares Renata Grazziotin , Silva Gisele Rodrigues da , Carvalho Ceci Nunes
Published: August 2023

Introdução: A Endodontia regenerativa é uma alternativa contemporânea aos tratamentos tradicionais para dentes imaturos, sendo indicada não apenas para polpas necróticas, mas também para polpas vitais. Objetivo: O objetivo do presente relato de caso foi descrever os achados clínicos e radiográficos de um dente permanente imaturo diagnosticado com pulpite irreversível sintomática, após terapia regenerativa em sessão única. Relato de caso: Menino com nove anos de idade, teve fratura no dente #21 e a polpa permaneceu exposta por duas semanas. Nenhuma instrumentação do canal radicular, nenhuma medicação intracanal e nenhum procedimento de indução de sangramento foram realizados, uma vez que o endodontista foi capaz de manter o sangramento dos tecidos periapicais dentro do canal radicular. Após a formação do coágulo sanguíneo, o cimento MTA foi inserido, e o dente foi restaurado com ionômero de vidro, seguido de restauração coronária com resina composta. Conclusões: Aos 42 meses de acompanhamento, a terapia regenerativa promoveu a continuação do desenvolvimento radicular, espessamento das paredes do canal e fechamento do ápice radicular.
Técnica endodôntica regenerativa para dente imaturo com periodontite apical, utilizando fibrina rica em plaquetas: relato de caso
Authors: Morales Francis , Terán Carlos , Barboza Andressa , Lamas Monika , Hernández Alejandro Elizalde , David Carla
Published: August 2023

Introdução: Atualmente, uma nova técnica endodôntica permite o desenvolvimento apical contínuo e o espessamento das paredes radiculares. Esse efeito é obtido por meio da desinfecção adequada do sistema de canais radiculares, nos quais, posteriormente, introduz-se uma matriz extracelular natural autóloga como coadjuvante para induzir a formação do selamento apical. Esse procedimento, denominado Terapia Endodôntica Regenerativa (TER), é uma opção para o tratamento de dentes necróticos com desenvolvimento interrompido do ápice. Os concentrados de plaquetas, como o plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) e a fibrina rica em plaquetas (PRF), são utilizados como matriz extracelular que fornece fatores de crescimento para geração de novas células diferenciadas, que podem regenerar os tecidos, estimulando a neoformação fisiológica do ápice. Objetivo: Descrever a técnica TER e relatar um caso clínico tratado com esse método e com o uso adjuvante de PRF, com acompanhamento de 18 meses. Conclusões: Radiograficamente, constatou-se resolução completa da lesão radiolúcida periapical; porém, nenhum fechamento apical foi observado durante o período de observação.
Eficácia do retratamento para remoção da guta-percha utilizando microscópio operatório e ultrassom
Authors: Quiroz Cesar Andre Zevallos , Tay Lidia Yileng
Published: August 2023

Introdução: No tratamento endodôntico ortógrado, ou retratamento, é necessário remover o máximo possível de guta-percha. O uso de sistemas de limas reciprocantes ou rotatórias foi extensivamente investigado em estudos ex vivo, relatando que não é possível remover completamente esse material do sistema de canais radiculares. Objetivo: O objetivo da presente série de casos clínicos é mostrar a importância do microscópio operatório e do ultrassom para remover os restos de guta-percha que podem ser deixados pelas limas reciprocantes. Métodos: Serão apresentados três casos clínicos de insucesso no tratamento endodôntico, em que o retratamento foi planejado. Inicialmente, foram usadas limas reciprocantes Reciproc R25 e R40 para remover os resíduos de guta-percha. Em seguida, realizou-se radiografia para avaliar a quantidade de resíduos de guta-percha ainda presentes no sistema de canais radiculares, e usou-se microscópio operatório e ultrassom com insertos E14D e E14 para otimizar a remoção desses resíduos. Por fim, foram realizadas novas radiografias para confirmar a quantidade de guta-percha removida. Resultados: A segunda radiografia evidenciou que, com o uso do microscópio e do ultrassom, foi possível remover uma maior quantidade de guta-percha do que apenas com as limas reciprocantes. As radiografias de controle evidenciaram o reparo da lesão no longo prazo. Conclusão: O uso do microscópio operatório com insertos ultrassônicos como adjuvante às limas reciprocantes é uma técnica eficaz para otimizar a remoção da guta-percha durante o retratamento endodôntico.
Efeito antimicrobiano dos óleos essenciais de Melaleuca alternifolia e Citrus limonum contra o biofilme de Enterococcus faecalis
Authors: Silva Gabriela Pontes da , Griggio Josias , Goulart Taynara Santos , Kuntze Morgane Marion , Pimenta Andréa de Lima , Schuldt Daniela Peressoni Vieira , Coelho Beatriz Serrato , Almeida Josiane de
Published: August 2023

Objetivos: Avaliar e comparar, ex-vivo, o efeito antimicrobiano imediato e residual de diferentes medicações intracanal contra o biofilme de E. faecalis estabelecido no canal radicular de dentes bovinos. Material e Métodos: Após a formação do biofilme de sete dias em 84 tubos de dentina, os espécimes foram divididos em grupos, de acordo com o tipo de medicação intracanal (n=14): G1) hidróxido de cálcio (HC) + propilenoglicol (HC/PG); G2) pasta Calen PMCC®; G3) óleo essencial Citrus medica limonum (CML) 5%; G4) óleo essencial Melaleuca alternifolia (MA) 5%; G5) HC + MA 5% (HC/MA); e G6) controle (solução salina 0,85%). Após sete dias, as medicações foram removidas e o biofilme remanescente foi coletado. Posteriormente, os canais foram imersos em meio de cultura por mais sete dias e nova coleta microbiológica foi realizada. Então, as unidades formadoras de colônias (UFCs) foram determinadas (n=10). Quatro espécimes por grupo foram analisados em microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Os valores médios de UFCs foram analisados pelos testes ANOVA de uma via e post-hoc de Tukey (p<0,05). Resultados: Na análise imediata, todos os medicamentos eliminaram o biofilme de E. faecalis, comparados ao controle. No entanto, apenas HC/PG e HC/MA erradicaram o biofilme (p<0,001). Quanto à análise residual, a pasta Calen PMCC® mostrou efeito antibiofilme significativo, comparada ao controle (p=0,019); porém, apenas HC/MA erradicou as células do biofilme (p<0,001). Conclusão: Embora todas as medicações testadas tenham demonstrado efeito antibiofilme, apenas a associação HC/MA foi capaz de erradicar o biofilme de E. faecalis em ambos os períodos de análise.
THE NEW YORK TIMES GAZETESİ HABERLERİNDE TRABLUSGARP SAVAŞI YANSIMALARI
Authors: ÇETİN Vahide
Published: August 2023

Coğrafi yakınlık, zengin yeraltı kaynakları, elverişli iklim koşulları, ucuz işgücü ve egemenliğinde bulunduğu Osmanlı Devleti’nin güç durumunu da göz önünde bulundurarak Trablusgarp’ı ele geçirme planları yapan İtalya Büyük Güçlerin gölgesinde 29 Eylül’de Osmanlı Devleti’ne savaş açmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti ile İtalya arasında yapılan savaş gerek yerel gerekse uluslararası basın tarafından yakından takip edilmiştir. Basında en fazla Osmanlı Devleti’nin diplomatik yollarla savaşı sonlandırma çabaları, Trablusgarp’a gönüllü olarak giden askerlerin bölgeye intikali, yerli halkın işgale karşı direnişi, Avrupa’da savaşın bölgesellikten çıkarak Adriyatik’e sıçraması endişesi, Balkan Devletleri’nin durumu gibi konular yer almıştır. Bu çalışmada Avrupa’nın yakından takip ettiği Osmanlı-İtalyan mücadelesinde 1911 yılının The New York Times Gazetesinde nasıl yer bulduğu incelenmiştir.
The effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation awareness in university students on being a volunteer donor
Authors: Karakaçan Nazan , Özpancar Şolpan Nurhan
Published: August 2023

Problem/aim This study was planned in order to determine the effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation awareness in university students on being a volunteer donor.
Method: The research as a quasi-experimental single group study with a pretest-posttest design  was completed with 1216 students who agreed to participate in the study.The data were collected through a questionnaire prepared by the researchers. The questionnaire consists of three parts and a total of 46 questions, which contains demographic attributes, knowledge about hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, and questions measuring participants' attitudes. Mean, standard deviation, median, frequency, Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, Pearson chi-square, Spearman's correlation tests were used to evaluate the data. The results were evaluated at a 95% confidence interval, and the significance level was p <0.05.
Results: Participants  was 41% studied in health sciences departments. While the pre-training awareness of the need for hematopoietic stem cell donors in Turkey was 51.9%, it increased to 92.1% after the training. Before the training, while 25.5% of the students stated that they definitely wanted to donate hematopoietic stem cells, this percentage increased to 45.9% after the training. The average increase of 52.68±24.35 units in the post-training hematopoietic stem cell transplant knowledge score of the students compared to the pre-training was  found to be statistically significant (p=0.001) After the training, a statistically significant difference was found between the HSCT knowledge scores of the students according to their sociodemographic characteristics (gender, department, duration of degree, grades) (p=0.001)
Conclusion: It was concluded in the study that the knowledge level of the students on hematopoietic stem cell transplantation was insufficient, and the training had a positive effect on their knowledge and attitude concerning hematopoietic stem cell donation.
Effect of synbiotic plus selenium or betaine on performance, intestinal health, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality of Tegal ducks
Authors: Mangisah I. , Sugiharto S.
Published: August 2023

This study aimed to examine the effect of synbiotics and synbiotics plus Selenium or betaine on the performance, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, and carcass quality of Tegal ducks. A total of 200 ducks were randomly assigned to one of four treatments in a completely randomized study. The treatment groups included control (basal feed without any additive), synbiotics (Syn; basal feed supple-mented with 2% synbiotics), synbiotic plus selenium (Syn+Se; basal feed supplemented with 2% syn-biotics and 10 mg/kg selenium), synbiotic plus betaine (Syn+Bet; basal feed supplemented with 2% synbiotics and 500 mg/kg betaine). The Tegal duck performance, intestinal health, nutrient digestibil-ity, and carcass quality were determined at the end of the study. Final body weight and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p<0.05) in ducks given synbiotic plus selenium compared to other treat-ments. Betaine or selenium in combination with synbiotics lowered (p<0.05) the caecum’s pH values. Synbiotic plus selenium or betaine enhanced (p<0.05) the numbers of lactic acid bacteria (LAB), but did not reduce the colonies of Escherichia coli in the caecum of ducks. Crude protein and crude fiber digestibility in Tegal ducks were considerably (p<0.05) improved by the administration of synbiotics, synbiotics plus selenium, or synbiotics plus betaine as compared to control. The Syn+Bet treatment, in contrast to the Syn and Syn+Se treatments, substantially (p<0.05) enhanced N and Ca retention. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) carcass and thigh proportions than the control and Syn groups. The Syn+Se and Syn+Bet groups had higher (p<0.05) meat weights than the control and Syn groups. The treatment groups had less (p<0.05) abdominal fat than the control. Total cholesterol of meats was lower (p<0.05) in ducks treated with synbiotics or a combination of synbiotics with seleni-um or betaine. In conclusion, dietary administration of synbiotic plus selenium resulted in improved body weight, FCR, intestinal ecology, nutrient digestibility, carcass traits, meat weight and total cho-lesterol in meats of Tegal ducks.
Word of God and Word of Man as an Argument for Diachronic Differentiation in the Book of Jeremiah
Authors: Maurer Tobias
Published: August 2023

According to some scholars some of the oldest texts in the book of Jeremiah can be found in the words from the foe from the north in Jer 4–6. Originally these texts were words of the prophet and spoken from a human point of view. Their characterization as Words of YHWH and the divine perspective is therefore regarded as a result of the literary development of these texts and the theological reflection on the disaster of 587 BC. The paper will follow this approach. The possibilities and limits of the distinction between Word of God and word of man as an indication for literary development in the texts from the foe from the north shall be examined.
Recenze: Petr Gallus: Perspektiva vzkříšení
Authors: Macek Petr
Published: August 2023

Recenze: Petr Gallus: Perspektiva vzkříšení
Recenze: Dávid Cielontko: Vidění proroka Henocha
Authors: Šály Martin
Published: August 2023

Recenze: Dávid Cielontko: Vidění proroka Henocha