bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Brief psychotic disorder related to areca nut use: a case report
Authors: Li Sixun , Li Zhixiong , Chen Juan , Wang Feng , Ou Ying , Huang Yi , Li Zhe
Published: May 2024

Background

Areca Nut (AN) is the fourth most commonly abused drug after nicotine, ethanol, and caffeine, due to its psychoactive properties provided by bioactive substances. Although previous studies have demonstrated AN’s anxiolytic-like activity and potential benefits in ameliorating symptoms of depression and schizophrenia, there remains limited awareness regarding its association with brief psychotic disorder.

Case presentation

This case report presents the clinical profile of a 30-year-old male patient with a history of betel nut chewing for the past 2 years, who exhibited sudden onset delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech and behavior upon increasing the dosage of betel nut consumption. The patient displayed a positive response to antipsychotic treatment, and symptoms resolved upon discontinuation of betel nut consumption. However, one month after discharge, the patient experienced a recurrence of auditory hallucinations upon resuming betel nut chewing. Through counseling and support, the importance of abstaining from betel nut use and maintaining medication compliance was emphasized, resulting in no recurrence of psychotic symptoms during the six-month follow-up.

Conclusions

This case report highlights the related role of betel nut with brief psychotic disorder, especially when the chewing dosage is abruptly increased. It underscores the importance of considering betel nut as a potential precipitant related to acute psychiatric disorders in clinical settings.
Fibroblasts from HPV-negative oropharynx squamous cell carcinomas stimulate the release of osteopontin from cancer cells via the release of IL-6
Authors: Hendawi Naeima Yahia , Crane Hannah L. , Mehanna Hisham , Bolt Robert , Lambert Daniel W. , Hunter Keith D.
Published: May 2024

Introduction

HPV-associated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) shows distinct biological and clinical behaviour when compared to HPV-negative OPSCC. The overall role of the tumour microenvironment (TME) in head and neck cancer progression and metastasis has been studied intensively, but differences in HPV-negative and HPV-positive OPSCCs are less understood.

Objective

To investigate the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and the functional interactions of normal tonsil fibroblasts (NTFs) and OP CAFs with HPV+ and HPV− OPSCC cells and explore novel candidates in tumour-fibroblast crosstalk.

Materials and methods

A retrospective cohort of 143 primary OPSCCs was characterised using HPV16/18 RNAScope assay, p16 IHC and ɑ-SMA. Four OPSCC, three NTF and 2 new OPSCC CAF cultures were used to assess the cytokine-based interactions using cytokine arrays on conditioned media (CM), followed by co-culture approaches to identify the role of individual cell types and the role of OPN (SPP1) and IL-6 in SCC/fibroblast communication.

Results

HPV status was associated with better overall survival. Although ɑ-SMA expression was observed in both OPSCC subtypes, it provided survival stratification only in the HPV−positive group (Log-Rank p = 0.02). Three normal tonsillar fibroblast cultures (NTFs) were characterised by induction of myofibroblastic and senescent phenotypes with similar reactivity to our published NOF phenotype. The OPSCC-derived CAF cultures were characterised and their baseline myofibroblastic and senescence phenotypes varied. Cytokine array analysis of CM to identify novel candidates in the crosstalk between OPSCC tumour cells and NTFs/CAFs identified differences in the cytokine profiles on comparison of HPV+ and HPV− OPSCC cells. Osteopontin (OPN/SPP1) was identified, particularly in HPV-negative OPSCC cell analyses. We have demonstrated that OPN was produced by the OPSCC cells and revealed an associated upregulation of IL-6 in fibroblasts. Treatment of NTFs with rOPN showed alteration in phenotype, including increased contraction and IL-6 production. Antibody-mediated inhibition of CD44v6 attenuated the production of IL-6 by OPN in NTFs.

Conclusion

This investigation with OPSCC fibroblasts provides novel insights into the role of CAFs in OPSCC mediated by IL-6 stimulated release of OPN from HPV negative OPSCC cells. The details of HPV-positive SCC cell/fibroblast cytokine crosstalk remain elusive.
Local community perceptions on human wildlife interactions in the face of climate variability. A case of Nyaminyami community, Zimbabwe
Authors: Mupunga Power , Shoko Joseph
Published: May 2024

Human interactions with wildlife, both positive and negative, have defined the nature of human wildlife relations throughout history. Along with human wildlife interaction, Climate change exacerbates the complexity and consequences of human wildlife interactions, particularly those that rely on flora and fauna for tourism and development. This study assesses the interrelatedness and causes of human wildlife interactions and climate variability and the impact they have on livelihood. Two hundred and fourteen people randomly selected from four wards in the Nyaminyami community in Mashonaland West, Zimbabwe were interviewed. Four focus group discussion sessions with randomly selected residents were also conducted in each ward. Results from the study show that respondents were concerned that human wildlife interactions resulted in human wildlife conflict, and that anthropogenic factors contributed immensely to an increase in the problems faced by local communities. Most of these concerns stemmed from specific areas (wards) where factors such as competition for resources, settlement in wildlife corridors, agricultural activities, tourism and increasing human induced climate change are accelerating human wildlife conflict. Results also show that human related practices contributed to human wildlife interaction in all the four wards. Discussants reported climate change, competition over resources and living close to protected areas as the major factors influencing human-wildlife conflict. It is recommended that communities be educated on, and need to embrace climate change and adapt to it. It is also important that any tourism ventures in the district involve the communities so that they directly benefit from and see the value of living with wildlife and learn to coexist. Proper land use planning is also paramount before any settlements are allocated to avoid living close to protected areas.
Enhancing employee performance through motivation: the mediating roles of green work environments and engagement in Jakarta’s logistics sector
Authors: Nusraningrum Dewi , Rahmawati Aisyah , Wider Walton , Jiang Leilei , Udang Lester Naces
Published: May 2024

This study aims to analyze the mediating role of employee engagement and the green work environment in the relationship between motivation and the performance of logistics company employees in Jakarta, Indonesia. Employing a causal quantitative research approach, we distributed 222 questionnaires among logistics employees from four surrounding cities in Jakarta, namely Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, and Bekasi. These questionnaires were adapted from past studies. The data were processed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with Partial Least Squares. The results showed that employee performance in logistics companies was positively and significantly influenced by motivation. Furthermore, a green work environment and employee engagement were found to significantly mediate the relationship between motivation and performance. These findings underscore the importance of a green work environment and employee engagement in enhancing motivation and performance in logistics companies. The study implies that employee performance in logistics companies can be elevated through the provision of a green work environment, alongside fostering employee motivation and engagement.
Cornerball: a new alternative sport proposal for school physical education
Authors: Diez-Fernández Pelayo , Ruibal-Lista Brais , Revesado-Carballares David , Rodríguez-Cayetano Alberto , López-García Sergio
Published: May 2024

Physical Education has had to evolve and change throughout history to adapt to the demands of society. As a result, teachers have had to seek pedagogical alternatives to ensure that students are active, motivated, and engaged in the classroom. This approach allows for the development of motor, cognitive, and socio-emotional skills in students, ultimately contributing to the holistic development of the individual, which is the primary goal of education. Out of this intrinsic need for Physical Education, Alternative Sports have emerged, providing opportunities for different types of learning compared to more traditional sports. Cornerball, a hybrid between split-court and wall-based sports, played in a somewhat unique playing area—a 90° corner, is introduced with the aim of offering a new Alternative Sport. The objective of this descriptive study is to present a new pedagogical proposal designed for the educational context, highlighting its characteristics and fundamental aspects to consider, such as rules, the playing field, participants, and methodological strategies for its implementation within a Physical Education classroom. Therefore, the aims and purposes of this work are to describe a new sports game so that in the future, more detailed and specific empirical studies can be proposed.
The purpose and effectiveness of doping testing in sport
Authors: Lauritzen Fredrik , Solheim Anders
Published: May 2024

Maintaining an effective testing program is critical to the success and credibility of the anti-doping movement. However, a low detection ratio compared to the assumed real prevalence of sport doping has led some to question and criticize the effectiveness of the current testing system. In this perspective article, we review the results of the global testing program, discuss the purpose of testing, and compare benefits and limitations of performance indicators commonly used to evaluate testing efforts. We suggest that an effective testing program should distinguish between preventive testing and testing aimed at detecting the use of prohibited substances and prohibited methods. In case of preventive testing, the volume of the test program in terms of number of samples, tests and analyses is likely to be positively related to the extent of the deterrent effect achieved. However, there is a lack of literature on how the deterrent effect works in the practical context of doping testing. If the primary goal is to detect doping, the testing must be risk- and intelligence-based, and quality in test planning is more important than quantity in sample collection. The detection ratio can be a useful tool for evaluating the effectiveness of doping testing, but for the calculation one should take into account the number of athletes tested and not just the number of collected samples, as the former would provide a more precise measure of the tests’ ability to detect doping among athletes.
The use of intramedullary reduction techniques in the treatment of irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures with negative medial cortical support
Authors: Huang Xiaowen , Zuo Qiang , Zhou Hao , Lv Tianrun , Liu Jiuxiang
Published: May 2024

Objective

To explore the clinical efficacy of intramedullary reduction techniques for irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures with negative medial cortical support.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 69 patients with irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures with negative medial cortical support treated in the Department of Orthopedics at Jiangsu Province Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University) from July 2019 to December 2021. Patients were divided into Group A and Group B. Group A (experimental group) consisted of 36 cases with an average age of 76.2 ± 5.9 years, while Group B (control group) comprised 33 cases with an average age of 76.6 ± 6.3 years. Group A received treatment using intramedullary reduction techniques, while Group B received treatment using traditional extramedullary reduction techniques. Both groups achieved anatomic reduction of the medial cortex or slight positive support. Surgical duration, intraoperative fracture reduction time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, fracture reduction quality, fracture healing, postoperative neck-shaft angle loss, femoral neck shortening, and hip joint functional recovery score (FRS) were compared between the two groups.

Results

All patients were followed up for an average of 13.8 months. Group A showed superior outcomes compared to Group B in surgical duration, intraoperative fracture reduction time, intraoperative bleeding, intraoperative fluoroscopy time, fracture reduction quality, fracture healing, postoperative neck-shaft angle loss, and femoral neck shortening (P < 0.05). Hip joint function assessed by functional recovery score was better in Group A than Group B at 1 and 3 months postoperatively (P < 0.05), with no significant statistical difference at other time points (P > 0.05).

Conclusion

For irreducible intertrochanteric femoral fractures with negative medial cortical support, intramedullary reduction techniques used during surgery demonstrated simplicity, significant reduction in surgical duration, decreased intraoperative bleeding, fewer amounts of intraoperative fluoroscopy, improved fracture reduction quality, and reduced surgical complexity. Further clinical research and application are warranted.
Effects of different combinations of antibacterial compound supplements in calf pellets on growth performance, health, blood parameters, and rumen microbiome of dairy calves
Authors: Li Shujie , Wang Changjian , Zeng Hanfang , Han Zhaoyu
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the effects of different combinations of antibacterial compounds (attapulgite, plant essential oils, and chitosan oligosaccharides) on growth performance, blood biochemical parameters, and rumen microbiome of calves. A total of 48 preweaning calves were randomly divided into four groups (n = 12 per group), and fed the following full mixed-ration granule diets for the 67-d-feeding trial: (1) basal diet (control group); (2) basal diet +1,000 g/t attapulgite, plant essential oils, and chitosan oligosaccharide (AEOCO group); (3) basal diet +1,000 g/t attapulgite and chitosan oligosaccharide (ACO group); and (4) basal diet +1,000 g/t attapulgite and plant essential oil (AEO group). The results showed that the daily weight gain of the AEOCO and AEO groups significantly increased (p < 0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio decreased compared with that of the control group. Among the three treatment groups, AEO group showed the most positive effect, with the diarrhea rate reduced by 68.2% compared with that of the control group. Total protein and globulin levels were lower in the AEO group than in the control group. Albumin levels were higher in the AEOCO and AEO groups than in the control group. Immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, and immunoglobulin M concentrations were higher in the AEOCO group (p < 0.05) than in the control group. The interleukin-6 concentration was lower in the AEOCO and AEO groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The Chao 1 richness and ACE indices were higher in the AEOCO group than in the control group (p < 0.05). The ACO group had a significantly lower (p < 0.05) relative abundance of Firmicutes than the control group. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes was the lowest in the control group, whereas that of Spirochaetota and Fibrobacteriota was the highest (p < 0.05). The relative abundance of Succiniclasticum was higher in the ACO and AEO groups (p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the combination of attapulgite, plant essential oils, and chitosan oligosaccharides has ameliorative effects on the growth performance, blood parameters, and rumen microbiome of calves.
Evaluation of anatomic landmarks to increase precision performing a mini-hemilaminectomy—an ex vivo study in dogs
Authors: Brechbühl Stefanie , Husi Benjamin , Knell Sebastian
Published: May 2024

The mini-hemilaminectomy is a frequently used surgical technique for decompressive disk surgery on dogs. The aim of the study was to assess landmarks in the canine thoracolumbar spine to perform a mini-hemilaminectomy, with the aim of achieving optimal exposure of the ventral aspect of the vertebral canal. We hypothesized that the accessory process is a useful landmark for the identification of the level of the vertebral canal floor (VCF) and for decreasing surgical time. To define the level of the VCF, different landmarks and their distance to the VCF from computed tomography images of 40 mature chondrodystrophic dogs were evaluated in the first part of the study. To test the predefined landmarks, a cadaveric experiment was subsequently performed in the second part of the study. An experienced surgeon and a second-year surgical resident performed mini-hemilaminectomies as precisely as possible, with and without using the landmark values. Surgery time, precision of the mini-hemilaminectomy, and iatrogenic damage of the spinal nerve roots were compared between the two groups. Based on the results in the first part of the study, the distance from the dorsal border of the accessory process to the VCF (DBAP-VCF) was chosen as a landmark due to the good intra- (0.96) and interobserver (0.83) agreement. However, the distance is highly variable between breeds. In the second part of the study, using the DBAP-VCF landmark value did not influence the surgery time in both surgeons (p = 0.467, p > 0.99). An improved accuracy of the VCF was seen for the surgical resident with limited experience (p = 0.014), but not for the experienced surgeon (p = 0.926). For both surgeons, the spinal nerve roots were injured in 20% of the cases unrelated to the use of landmark values. In conclusion, this study suggests that the DBAP-VCF has been described as a breed-specific landmark that can be determined in CT with good agreement. Using the previously evaluated landmark values can help improve precision in decompressive spinal surgery for a surgeon with limited experience without prolonging surgical time.
Quercetin in semen extender improves frozen-thawed spermatozoa quality and in-vivo fertility in crossbred Kamori goats
Authors: Batool Iqra , Fayyaz Muhammad Hammad , Hameed Amjad , Andrabi Syed Murtaza Hassan , Kausar Rehana , Shahzad Muhammad , Mubashir Yasin , Omur Ali Dogan , Murtaza Ghulam , Ditta Allah , Hussain Tarique
Published: May 2024

This study investigated the antioxidant effect of quercetin-treated semen on frozen–thawed spermatozoa quality and in-vivo fertility in crossbred Kamori goats. In total, 32 ejaculates from four fertile bucks were diluted in Tris-based egg yolk extender with varying levels of quercetin (0, 1, 5, 10, and 15 μM). Qualified semen samples were pooled and frozen in French straws. The results revealed that the addition of quercetin in the semen extender increased (p < 0.05) frozen–thawed sperm total motility (TM), progressive motility (PM), rapid velocity (RV), average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), curvilinear velocity (VCL), and amplitude of lateral head (ALH) displacement in contrast to the control group. Quercetin supplementation had no effect on beat cross frequency (BCF), straightness (STR), and linearity (LIN) (p > 0.05). Quercetin showed significantly higher (p < 0.05) plasma membrane and acrosome integrity and viability (p < 0.05) of spermatozoa in contrast to the control group. Quercetin in the semen extender significantly increased (p < 0.05) superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels while reduced (p < 0.05) the contents of total oxidant status (TOS) and malondialdehyde (MDA), which were in contrast to the control group. Ultrasound results revealed that 24 out of 30 (80%) goats were found pregnant when semen was treated with 5 μM quercetin while the control group showed 18 out of 30 (60%) animals were pregnant. Thus, the study concluded that 5 μM quercetin-treated semen was found to be efficient, showed increased antioxidant status, and reduced oxidant production, leading to improved spermatozoa quality and in-vivo fertility in goats.
Effect of Structural Parameters on Output Characteristics of a Novel Self-Supplied Aviation Intelligent Pump
Authors: Han Xudong , Fu Yongling , Wang Yan , Yan Feixiang , Yu Liming
Published: May 2024

The aviation intelligent pump system is an effective solution to aircraft hydraulic systems’ inefficient power consumption and temperature increase. A self-supplied aviation intelligent pump (SAIP) has a high power-to-weight ratio and compact structure, making it the optimal choice for an intelligent pump. To analyze the output characteristics of a novel aviation intelligent pump, it is crucial to establish an accurate mathematical model that describes its dynamic characteristics. This can be achieved by analyzing the working principle and exploring the influence of critical parameters. The paper introduces the composition and working principle of a self-supplied electro-hydraulic servo variable displacement pump. It then establishes a mathematical model of the whole pump, with a detailed analysis and modeling of the critical variable mechanism and the swash plate assembly’s load moment. A simulation model was created to examine the impact of crucial structural parameters, such as the offset spring’s stiffness and control piston’s diameter, on the output characteristics of the intelligent pump. An experimental platform was also constructed, and the experimental results confirm the accuracy of the SAIP model presented in this paper. The investigation of the output characteristics fully reveals the dynamic performance of the SAIP. This provides the basis for the subsequent design of high-performance flow and pressure control strategies and aids in researching intelligent aircraft hydraulic systems.
Calibration and Verification of Discrete Element Parameters of Surface Soil in Camellia Oleifera Forest
Authors: Ma Xueting , You Yong , Yang Deqiu , Wang Decheng , Hui Yunting , Li Daoyi , Wu Haihua
Published: May 2024

To analyze the interaction between the surface soil and the soil-contacting component (65 Mn) in the camellia oleifera forest planting area in Changsha City, Hunan, China, in this study, we conducted discrete element calibration using physical and simulation tests. The chosen contact model was Hertz–Mindlin with JKR cohesion, with the soil repose angle as the response variable. The repose angle of the soil was determined to be 36.03° based on the physical tests. The significant influencing factors of the repose angle determined based on the Plackett–Burman test were the soil–soil recovery coefficient, soil–soil rolling friction coefficient, soil-65 Mn static friction coefficient, and surface energy of soil for the JKR model. A regression model for the repose angle was developed using the Box–Behnken response surface optimization method to identify the best parameter combination. The optimal parameter combination for the JKR model was determined as follows: surface energy of soil: 0.400, soil–soil rolling friction coefficient: 0.040, soil-65 Mn static friction coefficient: 0.404, and soil–soil recovery coefficient: 0.522. The calibrated discrete element parameters were validated through experiments on the repose angle and steel rod insertion. The results indicated that the relative errors obtained from the two verification methods were 2.44% and 1.71%, respectively. This research offers fundamental insights for understanding the interaction between soil and soil-contacting components and optimizing their design.
Effects of Claroideoglomus etunicatum Fungus on the Growth Parameters of Maize (Zea mays L.) Plants under Boron Toxicity and Salt Stress
Authors: Zarei Mehdi , Abdar Narges , Shahriari Amir Ghaffar , Mirmazloum Iman , Geösel András
Published: May 2024

Soil salinity is an emerging phenomenon threatening arid and semiarid areas due to changing climatic events. Salinity, in combination with other elemental contaminants, can often harm crop performance and productivity. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the mitigating effect of Claroideoglomus etunicatum, an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF), on combined boron (B) toxicity and salt stress symptoms in maize plants. After the stress and AMF treatments, plants were subjected to a wide range of analyses, such as AMF colonization rates, ion leakage, plant biomass, and concentration of B, phosphorus, sodium, potassium, iron, zinc, copper, and manganese in root and shoot tissues. The results showed that the combined stress did not affect the AMF colonization rate. AMF inoculation significantly increased plant biomass, the K+/Na+ ratio, and shoot B, sodium, and copper concentrations, but reduced root B concentrations and ion leakage. AMF inoculation slightly increased root dry weight and the sodium, potassium, zinc, copper and Mn contents in shoots under combined B and salinity stress, while AMF reduced the electrolyte leakage in leaves. It is inferred that AMF can ameliorate B toxicity in maize by improving biomass and reducing B concentration in plant tissues. Our research implies that C. etunicatum could be a valuable candidate for assisting in the remediation of boron-contaminated and saline soils.
Applying Hydrochar Affects Soil Carbon Dynamics by Altering the Characteristics of Soil Aggregates and Microbes
Authors: Yan Ting , Zhang Zherui , Zhang Zhe , Wang Wenzan , Li Dong , Zhang Tao , Zhu Zhiping
Published: May 2024

Hydrochar as a carbon-based fertiliser is hypothesised to permanently improve soils by modifying soil carbon quality through the regulation of soil organic carbon dynamics, aggregation properties and microbial diversity. However, the interactions between soil organic carbon (SOC) molecular structure, soil aggregates and soil microbial communities as a result of hydrochar application have not been fully elucidated. In this study, the use of hydrochar derived from duck farm biomass waste for a maize cultivation experiment verified that hydrochar had a promoting effect on maize growth, effectively increasing the nutrient supply to the soil. The application of hydrochar increased the soil organic carbon content by 78 to 253 per cent, which was dominated by CHON-type lignin, carbohydrates and condensed aromatic structural compounds. Meanwhile, hydrochar had a significant effect on both soil aromatic structures and oxygenated functional groups, forming more soil macroaggregates. In addition, hydrochar had a positive effect on soil bacterial abundance. This study suggests that the key mechanism by which hydrochar regulates soil carbon dynamics is mainly through the stabilising effect of hydrochar on macroaggregates while increasing the abundance of carbon-related microscopic bacteria. These results will help to elucidate the potential effects of aqueous carbon on the biogeochemical cycling of carbon in soils.
Impact of Fruit Load on the Replenishment Dynamics of Internal Water Reserves in Olive Trees
Authors: Kokkotos Efthymios , Zotos Anastasios , Triantafyllidis Vassilios , Patakas Angelos
Published: May 2024

Stem refilling has been studied in many forest species, but its impact on olive trees remains underexplored. This study aims to examine the effect of varying fruit loads on stem refilling rates in olive trees. The experiment was conducted in a commercial olive orchard over two years, characterized by a biennial bearing cycle with minimal fruit production in 2021 (“OFF” year) and maximal fruit production in 2022 (“ON” year). Sap flow sensors measured the water volume differences traversing the apex and base of main branches in two experimental trees. Tree water status was monitored using psychrometers, and soil moisture content was continuously recorded. Results suggest that alternate bearing significantly affects the stem refilling process, while soil moisture availability also plays a pivotal role. During the “ON” year, water reserve consumption increased to 63.6% compared to the “OFF” year to meet the water requirements of developing fruits. Replenishment occurred at various times throughout the 24 h period, including early morning, afternoon, and night when stomatal conductance measurements indicated stomatal closure. During the “ON” year, olive trees experienced intense nocturnal replenishment of reserves, regardless of soil moisture, water vapor pressure deficit, or fruit development stage. These findings offer novel insights into olive trees’ rehydration dynamics that can be used to optimize irrigation scheduling and improve water use efficiency.
PGRFA Management of Outcrossing Plants Propagated by Seed: From On-Farm to Ex Situ Conservation and Some Italian Maize Case Studies
Authors: Landoni Michela , Bertoncini Anna , Ghidoli Martina , Rossi Graziano , Cassani Elena , Locatelli Sabrina , Balconi Carlotta , Pilu Roberto
Published: May 2024

In this review, the main issues related to the conservation and valorization of Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture (PGRFA) will be primarily addressed. The conservation of PGRFA concerning outcrossing plants poses a significant challenge. For this reason, this review will cover the key challenges related to all stages, starting from in situ sampling, collection in the germplasm bank, and conservative reproductive methods. Integrated approaches involving the combined use of classical and molecular techniques will be described for the characterization of accessions. Within this framework, some successful Italian case studies focused on maize will be reported as well.
Transcriptome Analysis of Seed in Dormancy and Dormancy Release State of Epimedium koreanum Nakai
Authors: Zhang Yonggang , Wu Feng , Yu Jingjing , Zhang Zhiqiang , Huang Xiangdi , Hou Huiling , Yang Limin
Published: May 2024

Epimedium koreanum is a perennial herb of the Berberidaceae family, which is a traditional tonic in Chinese medicine. Seed germination of E. koreanum is difficult. Dormancy is an intrinsic factor that affects seed germination. Elucidating the molecular mechanism of seed dormancy and the lifting process of E. koreanum is of great significance for the breeding, conservation, and utilization of E. koreanum. Previous studies have concluded that E. koreanum seed dormancy breakage requires warm-temperature stratification followed by low-temperature stratification treatments. Therefore, we performed transcriptome sequencing using freshly harvested, untreated seeds (NS), seeds that developed a cotyledonary embryo after 90 d of constant-temperature stratification at 15 °C (CS), and seeds that broke dormancy by 90 d of stratification at 15 °C and 60 d of stratification at 5 °C (ND) in order to find the responsive genes and regulatory genes that regulate dormancy. A total of 92,867 genes with differential expression were identified. GO enrichment analysis highlighted redox processes, as well as structural components of the nucleus and ribosomes. KEGG enrichment analysis revealed a significant enrichment of phytohormone signaling pathways, which play a crucial role in seed dormancy release. Additionally, protein–protein interactions (PPIs) were predicted with starch and sucrose metabolic pathways. This study introduces a novel concept for a more profound comprehension of the molecular regulatory mechanism of E. koreanum and lays a theoretical foundation for the screening of E. koreanum candidate genes.
Comparison of Direct and Indirect Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in Ovine Using Real-Time PCR, Serological and Histological Techniques
Authors: Condoleo Roberto , Santori Davide , Sezzi Erminia , Serra Salvatore , Tonon Sara , Eleni Claudia , Bosco Antonio , Papa Caminiti Lucy Nicole , Iulietto Maria Francesca
Published: May 2024

Toxoplasma gondii is a zoonotic pathogen and the ingestion of tissue cysts by consumption of lamb or mutton has been identified as a possible cause of infection in humans. Many serological surveys in sheep have been performed, showing relevant serological rates; however, while the detection of antibodies indicates an exposure to T. gondii, this does not necessarily imply the presence of tissue cysts in edible tissue. The current study aims to provide further understanding on the occurrence of T. gondii in sheep muscles and the strength of correlation between serological positivity and presence of the parasite in sheep. From 349 sheep, samples (i.e., blood, heart and diaphragm) were collected and subjected to ELISA tests, real-time PCR and histological tests. Despite the high seroprevalence, T. gondii DNA was detected in the heart and/or the diaphragm from 13 out of the 349 tested sheep (3.7%); all were adults (13/191). Furthermore, the histological tests did not reveal the presence of T. gondii tissue cysts in any of the examined portions of interventricular septum. It should be considered that the likelihood of detecting genetic material of the parasite is probably influenced by the uneven distribution of the tissue cysts in the carcass as well as the methodology applied. The findings of this study support the importance of describing the uncertainty associated with the data used for risk assessment to reduce inaccurate estimation or risk overestimation.
Positive In Vitro Effect of ROCK Pathway Inhibitor Y-27632 on Qualitative Characteristics of Goat Sperm Stored at Low Temperatures
Authors: Xu Yongjie , Sun Shixin , Fu Yu , Wang Lei , Ren Chunhuan , Ling Yinghui , Zhang Zijun , Cao Hongguo
Published: May 2024

Y-27632, as a cytoskeleton protector, is commonly used for low-temperature preservation of cells. Goat sperm are prone to damage to the cytoskeleton under low-temperature conditions, leading to a loss of sperm vitality. However, the Y-27632 small molecule has not yet been used in research on low-temperature preservation of goat semen. This study aims to address the issue of low temperature-induced loss of sperm motility in goats by using Y-27632, and explore the regulation of Y-27632 on goat sperm metabolism. At a low temperature of 4 °C, different concentrations of Y-27632 were added to the sperm diluent. The regulation of Y-27632 on the quality of low temperature-preserved goat semen was evaluated by detecting goat sperm motility, antioxidant capacity, mitochondrial activity, cholesterol levels, and metabolomics analysis. The results indicated that 20 µM Y-27632 significantly increased plasma membrane integrity (p < 0.05), and acrosome integrity (p < 0.05) and sperm motility (p < 0.05), increased levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) (p < 0.01), increased total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) (p < 0.05), decreased levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (p < 0.01), and significantly increased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP). The levels of ATP, Ca2+, and TC in sperm increased (p < 0.01). Twenty metabolites with significant differences were identified, with six metabolic pathways having a significant impact, among which the D-glutamic acid and D-glutamine metabolic pathways had the most significant impact. The artificial insemination effect of goat semen treated with 20 μM Y-27632 was not significantly different from that of fresh semen. This study indicates that Y-27632 improves the quality of low-temperature preservation of sperm by protecting the sperm plasma membrane, enhancing sperm antioxidant capacity, regulating D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, and promoting the application of low-temperature preservation of semen in artificial insemination technology.
Determining the Association of the Dry Period Duration with Dystocia and Stillbirths in Dairy Cows by Considering Parity, Season, and Gestation Length
Authors: Jukna Vigilijus , Meškinytė Edita , Antanatis Ramūnas , Paulauskas Algimantas , Juozaitienė Vida
Published: May 2024

This study aimed to assess the relationship between the length of the dry period (DL) and the risks of dystocia and stillbirths in Holstein cows. A total of 1072 healthy cows in lactations 1 and ≥2 were categorized based on the DL (mean: 58.07 ± 0.33 days) into three groups: short DL (<40 days; 13.0% of cows), medium DL (40–70 days; 60.1%), and long DL (>70 days; 26.9%). Dystocia occurred in 12.4% of cows, while stillbirths accounted for 4.1% of calves. The medium DL group had the highest number of unassisted calvings. The dystocia rates were 11.4% for cows with gestation (GA) ≤ 274 days; 6.0% for cows with GA = 275–282 days; and 19.9% for cows with GA ≥ 283 days (p < 0.001). In season 1 (November–April), dystocia occurred in 15.0% of cases compared to 8.8% in season 2 (May–October) (p < 0.001). The stillbirth rates ranged from 3.6% to 4.0% for cows with medium and long DLs; while those with a short DL had 5.8% (p < 0.05). The stillbirth rates were 5.2% for cows with GA ≤ 274 days; 3.2% for cows with GA = 275–282 days; and 5.1% for cows with GA ≥ 283 days (p < 0.001). Season 1 had a stillbirth rate of 4.8%, while season 2 had a stillbirth rate of 3.3% (p < 0.001). This research provides insights that could assist the dairy industry in making informed decisions to reduce the incidence rates of dystocia and stillbirths in cows.
Transcriptome Analysis Elucidates the Potential Key Genes Involved in Rib Development in bmp6-Deficient Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)
Authors: Li Xiaohui , Zhang Chunyan , Feng Cui , Zhang Zewen , Feng Nannan , Sha Hang , Luo Xiangzhong , Zou Guiwei , Liang Hongwei
Published: May 2024

Bone morphogenetic protein 6 (BMP-6) is a constituent of the TGF-β superfamily, known for its ability to stimulate bone and cartilage formation. The investigation of bmp6’s involvement in the formation of intermuscular bones in fish has garnered significant attention in recent years. The rib cage is an important skeletal structure that plays a protective function for internal organs in fish. However, there has been limited research conducted on the effects of the bmp6 gene on rib development. Silver carp is one of four major fish in China, favoured for its affordability and tender muscle. Nevertheless, the presence of numerous intermuscular bones in silver carp significantly hinders the advancement of its palatability and suitability for processing. This study showcases the effective utilisation of CRISPR/Cas9 technology for the purpose of disrupting the bmp6 gene in silver carp, leading to the creation of chimeras in the P0 generation, marking the first instance of such an achievement. The chimeras exhibited complete viability, normal appearance, and partial intermuscular bones loss, with approximately 30% of them displaying rib bifurcation or bending. Subsequently, a transcriptome analysis on ribs of P0 chimeras and wild-type silver carp was conducted, leading to the identification of 934 genes exhibiting differential expression, of which 483 were found to be up-regulated and 451 were found to be down-regulated. The results of the KEGG analysis revealed that the “NF-kappa B signalling pathway”, “Hippo signalling pathway”, “osteoclast differentiation”, and “haematopoietic cell lineage” exhibited enrichment and displayed a significant correlation with bone development. The up-regulated genes such as tnfα, fos, and ctgf in pathways may facilitate the proliferation and differentiation of osteoclasts, whereas the down-regulation of genes such as tgfb2 and tgfbr1 in pathways may hinder the formation and specialisation of osteoblasts, ultimately resulting in rib abnormalities. This study presents novel findings on the impact of bmp6 gene deletion on the rib development of silver carp, while simultaneously investigating the previously unexplored molecular mechanisms underlying rib defects in fish.
Trends and Characteristics of Human Casualties in Wildlife–Vehicle Accidents in Lithuania, 2002–2022
Authors: Balčiauskas Linas , Kučas Andrius , Balčiauskienė Laima
Published: May 2024

We analyzed 474 human casualties in wildlife–vehicle accidents (WVAs) that occurred between 2002 and 2022 in Lithuania, which is a small northern European country. The study revealed the escalating trend of WVAs, since 2018 surpassing other transport accidents, although the number of casualties per WVA was ca. 100 times lower compared to other transport accidents. Moose was the primary contributor, responsible for 66.7% of fatalities and 47.2% of injuries, despite much lower species abundance compared to roe deer, which is the main species involved in WVAs without human casualties. Temporal patterns highlighted seasonal, daily, and hourly variations, with the majority of casualties occurring during dusk or dawn in May and September, on weekends, and between 20:00 and 22:00. Spatially, main roads with high traffic density exhibited the highest casualties per unit length. Most casualties occurred after hitting an animal directly with cars and motorcycles being most vulnerable vehicles. The effectiveness of WVA prevention measures was inconclusive: 9.5% of fatalities and 1.4% of injuries were registered in the area of the warning sign, and 10.4% of all casualties occurred on fenced road segments. These findings suggest the need for a critical evaluation of the current prevention strategies in reducing human casualties associated with WVAs.
A Novel Indolium-Based Fluorescent Probe for Fast Detection of Cyanide
Authors: Ding Mei , Xiao Xiao , Zhou Chen , Luo Mingxin , Sun Jing
Published: May 2024

A novel indolium-based fluorescent probe for the detection of CN− was developed based on the conjugation of 1, 2, 3, 3-Tetramethyl-3H-indolium iodide and 2-acetyl benzothiophene. The introduction of external CN− caused a nucleophilic attack to the quaternary amine salt structure in the probe and resulted in the departure of iodide ions and the steric rotation of the index salt group, which caused fluorescence quenching. The titration experiments showed that the probe had rapid qualitative and quantitative analysis capabilities for CN−. Moreover, the relevant biocompatibility experiments also demonstrated the potential application value of the probe.
A Fast and Sensitive One-Tube SARS-CoV-2 Detection Platform Based on RTX-PCR and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute
Authors: Han Rui , Wang Fei , Chen Wanping , Ma Lixin
Published: May 2024

Since SARS-CoV-2 is a highly transmissible virus, alternative reliable, fast, and cost-effective methods are still needed to prevent virus spread that can be applied in the laboratory and for point-of-care testing. Reverse transcription real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is currently the gold criteria for detecting RNA viruses, which requires reverse transcriptase to reverse transcribe viral RNA into cDNA, and fluorescence quantitative PCR detection was subsequently performed. The frequently used reverse transcriptase is thermolabile; the detection process is composed of two steps: the reverse transcription reaction at a relatively low temperature, and the qPCR performed at a relatively high temperature, moreover, the RNA to be detected needs to pretreated if they had advanced structure. Here, we develop a fast and sensitive one-tube SARS-CoV-2 detection platform based on Ultra-fast RTX-PCR and Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute-mediated Nucleic acid Detection (PAND) technology (URPAND). URPAND was achieved ultra-fast RTX-PCR process based on a thermostable RTX (exo-) with both reverse transcriptase and DNA polymerase activity. The URPAND can be completed RT-PCR and PAND to detect nucleic acid in one tube within 30 min. This method can specifically detect SARS-CoV-2 with a low detection limit of 100 copies/mL. The diagnostic results of clinical samples with one-tube URPAND displayed 100% consistence with RT-qPCR test. Moreover, URPAND was also applied to identify SARS-CoV-2 D614G mutant due to its single-nucleotide specificity. The URPAND platform is rapid, accurate, tube closed, one-tube, easy-to-operate and free of large instruments, which provides a new strategy to the detection of SARS-CoV-2 and other RNA viruses.
Highly Sensitive Whole-Cell Mercury Biosensors for Environmental Monitoring
Authors: Zevallos-Aliaga Dahlin , De Graeve Stijn , Obando-Chávez Pamela , Vaccari Nicolás A. , Gao Yue , Peeters Tom , Guerra Daniel G.
Published: May 2024

Whole-cell biosensors could serve as eco-friendly and cost-effective alternatives for detecting potentially toxic bioavailable heavy metals in aquatic environments. However, they often fail to meet practical requirements due to an insufficient limit of detection (LOD) and high background noise. In this study, we designed a synthetic genetic circuit specifically tailored for detecting ionic mercury, which we applied to environmental samples collected from artisanal gold mining sites in Peru. We developed two distinct versions of the biosensor, each utilizing a different reporter protein: a fluorescent biosensor (Mer-RFP) and a colorimetric biosensor (Mer-Blue). Mer-RFP enabled real-time monitoring of the culture’s response to mercury samples using a plate reader, whereas Mer-Blue was analysed for colour accumulation at the endpoint using a specially designed, low-cost camera setup for harvested cell pellets. Both biosensors exhibited negligible baseline expression of their respective reporter proteins and responded specifically to HgBr2 in pure water. Mer-RFP demonstrated a linear detection range from 1 nM to 1 μM, whereas Mer-Blue showed a linear range from 2 nM to 125 nM. Our biosensors successfully detected a high concentration of ionic mercury in the reaction bucket where artisanal miners produce a mercury–gold amalgam. However, they did not detect ionic mercury in the water from active mining ponds, indicating a concentration lower than 3.2 nM Hg2+—a result consistent with chemical analysis quantitation. Furthermore, we discuss the potential of Mer-Blue as a practical and affordable monitoring tool, highlighting its stability, reliance on simple visual colorimetry, and the possibility of sensitivity expansion to organic mercury.
Analysis of Digital Twins in the Construction Industry: Practical Applications, Purpose, and Parallel with other Industries
Authors: Saback Vanessa , Popescu Cosmin , Blanksvärd Thomas , Täljsten Björn
Published: May 2024

Digital twins (DTs) have become a widely discussed subject, believed to have the potential to solve various problems across different industries, including Engineering & Construction (E&C). However, there is still significant misconception concerning the definition of DTs and their purpose within E&C. This study dives deep into identifying DT applications within E&C and the other prominent industries, i.e., Aerospace & Aviation, Manufacturing, Energy & Utilities, Automotive, Healthcare, Smart Cities, Oil & Gas, and Retail. The main challenges to the evolution of DT practical applications are also analyzed. A combination of a literature review, multi-case study analysis, and comparative analysis compose the deployed methodology. Standardization and a maturity level classification are proposed to drive progress of the adoption of DTs. The distinct aspects of the different industries and their assets are evaluated to the conclusion that DTs are better employed for maintenance of structures within E&C. DTs have become a well-worn topic, but the abundance of complex theoretical frameworks is met with simple or inexistent practical applications. Therefore, the novelty of this study lays in its comprehensive analysis of DT applications and real-world implementations—a departure from the often-theoretical discussions surrounding DTs.