bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Constructions of national narratives in established and emerging democracies based on student survey responses
Authors: Levy Sara A. , Avery Patricia G. , Simmons Annette M. M.
Published: December 2011

This study examines national narratives constructed by the authors based on survey responses of students (n=3273) from nine Central and Eastern European (CEE) countries and the United States. Students were asked to name events and heroes important to their nations' pasts. The authors
used a framework based on the work of James Wertsch to construct and interpret the national narratives. Findings indicate that there was a high level of agreement between the students of each country about their national stories. In addition to the high level of agreement about what events
and people belonged in the story of the nations, the narratives described by the students all fall within the mainstream national narratives of each country. Further analysis reveals the uniqueness of each of the CEE nations' post-communist paths. The ways in which all students understand
the relationships between the distant and more recent pasts give insight into the ways in which the narratives of these nations are being reshaped.
Student civic engagement with humanitarian disasters: collaborative cross-national research on Darfur reporting
Authors: MODY BELLA
Published: December 2011

This article documents student participation in journalism research as a means of both teaching about civic issues and promoting more comprehensive coverage of humanitarian crises. Students at the University of Colorado, Boulder participated in an inductive study of how the Darfur crisis
was covered from 2003–2005 by ten different news organizations in seven different countries. Though student papers were revised and expanded before publication in The Geopolitics of Representation in Foreign News: Explaining Darfur1, the project enabled hands-on learning about research
design, the geopolitical contexts in which news about Darfur was created, and the construction of foreign news in general.
Energy landscape models for conduction and drift in phase change memory
Authors: Ielmini D. , Fugazza D. , Boniardi M.
Published: December 2011

The physical modeling of carrier conduction and material-related effects such as crystallization, structural relaxation (SR), electromigration and ion migration in chalcogenide materials is a key challenge toward the development and scaling of phase change memory (PCM) devices. In particular, future scaling to 10 nm and below may require addressing variability effects in the programming, switching and retention properties of the cell. Variability is deeply linked with the nanometer-scale fluctuations of potential, atomic structure and material composition that affect conduction, structure relaxation and crystallization. Therefore, the physical modeling of conduction and reliability in PCM devices requires energy landscape models, describing the random fluctuations of e.g. the potential energy dictating the carrier transport and the free energy controlling the atomic rearrangement of the amorphous chalcogenide structure. This work discusses energy landscape models for a physical description of (i) electrical conduction in the amorphous phase and (ii) SR responsible for resistance drift in the amorphous chalcogenide phase. The link between the effective energy barrier in conduction and relaxation will be clarified, and analytical models for the prediction of drift depending on time and temperature will be introduced. These models provide the first comprehensive approach for a physics-based prediction of resistance window, resistance drift and their corresponding statistical variability within large PCM arrays.
Precise Absorbent ink Deposition and Optical Inspection System
Authors: Willert Andreas , Lucas Joerg , Sowade Enrico , Rahnfeld Christian , Heilmann Andreas , Baumann Reinhard R.
Published: December 2011

Foils from the ethylene-tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE) copolymer are used as transparent, humidity resistant and UV-stabile facade and roof coverings, e.g. for stadia, indoor swimming pools or greenhouses [1]. With pneumatically supported cushions, large translucent structures can be realized. Until now, they are assembled through a thermal welding process [2]. The development of welding techniques using laser irradiation is under way.

Laser welding of transparent polymer foils requires an optical absorber placed in the interface between the two welding pairs. Usually, dye molecules with absorption properties adapted to the laser wavelength are used as absorbers. At a well-defined temperature, the dye molecules will be chemically modified, and transparent laser welding seams can be achieved. To get reproducible laser welding results, a homogenous layer of absorbent molecules or materials at the welding interface have to be realized, which is often very hard to achieve by wet deposition of dye molecules dispersed in a solution.

In our contribution, we report on an inkjet printing system that can be mounted on a R2R manufacturing setup. The main challenge to this approach is to find the right ink that is compatible with this highly hydrophobic ETFE foil. Therefore, both the pretreatment of the substrate as well as the utilization of different inkjet technologies are dealt with in this contribution. It is demonstrated that the inkjet printing of a laser absorbent ink in a defined way onto the substrate is possible.

For quality assurance, an optical inspection system has been developed to ensure a proper deposition of material. This ensures the quality control for the inkjet printing process of the special functional material. In that part the results of the comparison of the use of a dedicated 14‑bit grey level CCD line camera is compared to a high quality webcam.

Laser irradiation of the foil with printed laser absorbent lines together with the untreated joining partner was performed by a continuous wave diode laser at a wavelength of 808 nm using a defocused laser spot. A nearly transparent welding seam was achieved. Mechanical tensile tests of the laser welding seams have demonstrated that their tensile strength is comparable to conventional thermal welding seams.
Two Decades of Nurse-Led Research on Smoking During Pregnancy and Postpartum: Concept Development to Intervention Trials
Authors: Gaffney Kathleen F. , Baghi Heibatollah , Sheehan Sarah E.
Published: December 2011

Tobacco use during pregnancy and postpartum is a leading cause of preventable morbidities for women and their infants. Over the past two decades, nursing research has addressed this recalcitrant clinical problem from a variety of conceptual and methodological perspectives. The 64 published studies (1988–2009) that met inclusion criteria for this systematic review represent the full research trajectory from concept development to intervention testing. Meta-analysis demonstrated an overall significant trend in nursing intervention efficacy (OR = 1.14, 95% CI = 1.08–1.2) for studies that examined comparable prenatal and postpartum smoking cessation outcomes. Implications for future nursing research and evidence-based policy are presented.
Nursing Interventions in Tobacco-Dependent Patients With Cardiovascular Diseases
Authors: Shishani Kawkab , Sohn Min , Okada Ayako , Froelicher Erika Sivarajan
Published: December 2011

Smoking is a well-established risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD). This chapter provides an overview of a program of nursing research relevant to tobacco use in patients with CVD. The Women’s Initiative for Nonsmoking (WINS) provides a rich demonstration of a key randomized clinical trial (RCT) on the efficacy of smoking cessation in women. The National Institutes of Health priority for data mining of existing RCTs is demonstrated in the numerous presentations of findings from secondary papers from WINS that answer additional research questions relevant to smoking cessation, including the influence of depression on smoking, myths about and underuse of nicotine replacement therapy. The methodological and logistical challenges inherent in tobacco intervention studies are presented, including a discussion of research needed in the measurement of withdrawal symptoms. Additionally, the role and contributions of nurses serving on the federal guideline development process are highlighted. International research activities of the coauthors from Jordan and Korea are also presented, including a discussion of the need for research in waterpipe use.
A Review of Research by Nurses Regarding Tobacco Dependence and Mental Health
Authors: Sharp Daryl L. , Blaakman Susan W.
Published: December 2011

The prevalence of tobacco use and dependence among those with psychiatric and/or substance use disorders is exceptionally high, contributing to significant morbidity and mortality. The purpose of this review is to discuss the findings conducted by nurses regarding smoking and mental health. A search of the available literature since 1950 resulted in a review of 17 studies authored or coauthored by nurses. Most study designs were descriptive with only one investigator reporting the results of a small clinical trial. In addition to documenting smoking patterns in this population, investigators found that many psychiatric nurses assessed their clients for tobacco use and advised them to stop smoking but few intervened intensively to aid cessation. Psychiatric nurses reported low efficacy for delivering interventions and considerable doubt about their clients’ abilities and motivation to stop smoking. Although some desired additional training in tobacco dependence interventions, nurses reported feeling ethically conflicted about, and were inconsistently supportive of, system level interventions such as tobacco free health care settings. It is likely that these findings, as well as the paucity of tobacco dependence studies, reflect the relatively small number of psychiatric nurses conducting research as well as the inattention, until recently, of mental health leaders, policy makers, and funders to the importance of tobacco dependence research in this clinical population. As tobacco dependence treatment for those with mental illnesses and/or addictive disorders becomes more of a public health priority, opportunities abound for nurse researchers to contribute to the growing evidence in this often neglected area.
The Social and Political Context of the Tobacco Epidemic: Nursing Research and Scholarship on the Tobacco Industry
Authors: Malone Ruth E.
Published: December 2011

Context matters in addressing tobacco as a global nursing issue. The tobacco epidemic and its resulting health consequences are in great measure the result of industrial decisions over the past century that included deliberately enhancing the addictiveness of cigarettes, marketing them aggressively to vulnerable groups, hiding or manipulating knowledge about the products’ harmfulness, and undermining public health efforts. The efforts of the tobacco industry to perpetuate the idea that smoking is solely a problem of individual behavior, or even a “right,” still creates barriers to understanding the larger social and political context within which individuals use and attempt to quit tobacco. Nurses have been among the researchers worldwide who are studying tobacco industry activities and their role in policy and public health. This chapter reviews data sources, methods, and analytic approaches for conducting research using documents from the tobacco industry, and provides an overview of research conducted by nurses on this topic. Much of the nursing research to date on the tobacco industry focuses in four broad areas: (1) tobacco industry influence on policy; (2) tobacco industry strategic responses to public health efforts, including use of front groups and attempts to divide and conquer public health advocates; (3) tobacco industry targeting of marginalized groups; and (4) tobacco industry influence on science. Implications of this work for nursing practice, research, and policy intervention are discussed.
Monitoring the Tobacco Epidemic With National, Regional, and International Databases and Systematic Reviews: Evidence for Nursing Research and Clinical Decision Making
Authors: Rice Virginia Hill
Published: December 2011

Tobacco use (primarily cigarette smoking) continues to be the most preventable health risk in the United States and the second greatest health threat around the world. In 2020 the global burden is expected to exceed nine million deaths annually. Nursing, with the largest numbers of health care professionals has an opportunity to make a significant reduction in tobacco use through its research and client-focused care. This chapter addresses why and how monitoring the tobacco epidemic with population-based databases and meta-analyses is important for nurse researchers and for evidence-based nursing practice. Population-based surveys permit an examination of trends in tobacco use and the progress in tobacco control with some confidence across time, places (i.e., states, nations, communities, etc.), and large numbers of participants. Included in this review are a description of the numerous national and international databases and other resources that nurse researchers can use to build the science of tobacco use. Additionally, research reviews and meta-analyses are described as other vehicles for providing a basis for making evidence-based decisions about nursing intervention. Nurse scientists have an obligation to use and evaluate these diverse resources to determine the gaps in knowledge, provide a foundation for clinical practice, and identify the needs and directions for future research in the field.
Conflict and Compromise: Catholic and Public Hospital Partnerships
Authors: Wall Barbra Mann
Published: December 2011

This article analyzes the tensions and uneasy negotiations, based on a case study, that occurred among Catholic sisters, administrators, bishops, physicians, and the Vatican for more than seven years at a hospital in Austin, Texas. Here, the largest health care system in the city, which was Catholic, joined with the local public, tax-supported hospital that provided the majority of reproductive health care services in the region. A clash resulted over whether the hospital could continue providing sterilization and contraceptive services to its primarily poor patients. This article examines the fierce debates that occurred, especially over emergency contraception and attempts to develop creative solutions after a hierarchical crackdown from the Vatican. The end result was a compromise that included the creation of a “hospital within a hospital.”
Nurse Irene Shea Studies the “Kenny Method” of Treatment of Infantile Paralysis, 1942–1943
Authors: Golden Janet , Rogers Naomi
Published: December 2011

In the 1940s nurses in the United States set out to learn the Kenny method of treating polio patients, which relied on hot packs and muscle strengthening exercises instead of the standard system of prolonged immobilization. Named for Sister Elizabeth Kenny, an Australian nurse who based herself in Minnesota during the 1940s and early 1950s, and viewed with suspicion by many physicians, nurses, and physical therapists, the treatment nonetheless proved effective. It changed the practice of polio nursing and the experiences of patients in the years before vaccine prevention largely eliminated paralytic polio.
The Introduction of Deaconess Nurses at the German Hospital of the City of Philadelphia in the 1880s
Authors: Schweikardt Christoph
Published: December 2011

In 1884, seven deaconesses from Iserlohn, Germany, came to the Philadelphia German Hospital to take over nursing care and hospital administration. This article deals with the preparation and implementation of deaconess rule at the German Hospital and conflicts during the tenure of the first two Sisters Superior, Marie Krueger (1826–1887) and Wanda von Oertzen (1845–1897). Recruitment of the deaconesses took place within a network of relations between German and American motherhouses. Before their arrival in Philadelphia, the benefactor of the German Hospital, John D. Lankenau (1817–1901), had committed himself to hospital rule by the Sister Superior. A Deaconess Committee was created to deal with the opposition of the Medical Board. Introducing deaconesses to the Philadelphia German Hospital led to a major change of medical personnel and allowed the hospital to develop a new corporate identity.
Nurse Perceptions and Experiences of Patient Health Assets in Oncology Care: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Rotegård Ann Kristin , Ruland Cornelia M. , Fagermoen May Solveig
Published: December 2011

Health assets, a term that refers to patients’ strengths and potentials, has emerged as an important aspect of health care. A conceptual analysis of health assets revealed five core dimensions: mobilization, motivational, relational, volitional, and protective strengths. How nurses experience and use patients’ health assets, however, is unknown. In this qualitative study, 26 expert nurses in cancer care participated in focus group interviews. The nurses had a large repertoire of experiences with cancer patients’ health assets. When the data were subjected to thematic analysis, three new core dimensions were revealed: cognitive, emotional, and physical strengths. Balancing processes within and among health assets—identified as an overriding theme—appeared to be affected by individual and contextual variations. The nurses realized that patients’ health assets could be better used and voiced a need for the clinical and organizational support to do so. New issues about health assets raised in this study may be caused by its novel context (e.g., expert nurses in oncology care). More research is needed on health assets in other contexts, such as patients with different health problems, and of possible strategies to support nurses’ use of health assets.
Deferred Imitation in 6-Month-Old German and Cameroonian Nso Infants
Authors: Goertz Claudia , Lamm Bettina , Graf Frauke , Kolling Thorsten , Knopf Monika , Keller Heidi
Published: December 2011

Deferred imitation is well accepted as a method to assess declarative memory in preverbal infants. Until now, mostly Western middle-class infants were tested with this paradigm. Therefore, early cultural differences in imitative behavior and/or declarative memory performance are largely unknown. This study investigated deferred imitation performance in two samples from two cultural contexts: 6-month-old Cameroonian Nso farmer infants (N = 38) and German middle-class infants (N = 46). Both samples were tested with one of two types of pillow tasks, similar to the hand puppet task: a pillow with either a White female face or a Cameroonian Nso female face. After a baseline phase, four target actions were demonstrated. Memory performance was assessed after a delay of 10 minutes. Infants’ imitative behavior was observed and compared with baseline behavior. Both the Cameroonian Nso and the German infants showed significantly more target actions in the test than in the baseline phase (memory effect). These results clearly demonstrate that imitation as a learning process in infancy is found in various cultures. Although infants of both samples showed more proximal interactions such as caressing, hugging, and kissing the pillow from their own cultural context than the one from the unfamiliar cultural context, the cultural nature of the material in memory tests did not influence memory-based performance.
Memory for Body Movements in Namibian Hunter-Gatherer Children
Authors: Haun Daniel B. M.
Published: December 2011

Despite the global universality of physical space, different cultural groups vary substantially as to how they memorize it. Although European participants mostly prefer egocentric strategies (“left, right, front, back”) to memorize spatial relations, others use mostly allocentric strategies (“north, south, east, west”). Prior research has shown that some cultures show a general preference to memorize object locations and even also body movements in relation to the larger environment rather than in relation to their own body. Here, we investigate whether this cultural bias also applies to movements specifically directed at the participants’ own body, emphasizing the role of ego. We show that even participants with generally allocentric biases preferentially memorize self-directed movements using egocentric spatial strategies. These results demonstrate an intricate system of interacting cultural biases and momentary situational characteristics.
The Evolution of Services for Male Domestic Violence Victims at WEAVE
Authors: Rooney Margaux
Published: December 2011

Domestic violence victim service providers are challenged to create programs that are responsive to a broad range of clients who are diverse in gender and sexual orientation and present with a spectrum of abuse histories and complex co-occurring conditions. The scope of victim services needs to be examined and adjusted in order to better address the complicated issues that these clients present. This necessitates expanding beyond the feminist-based peer-counselor model that most domestic violence agencies are founded upon and integrating a gender-inclusive clinical approach that addresses the relational dynamics of the abuse and underlying psychotherapeutic issues. WEAVE, Sacramento County’s primary provider of domestic violence services, is successfully modifying its culture and programs to be more responsive to clients of both genders accessing services with various trauma histories.
The Associations Between Negative Relating and Aggression in the Dating Relationships of Students From Greece
Authors: Kalaitzaki Argyroula E. , Birtchnell John , Kritsotakis Evangelos I.
Published: December 2011

The study examined the prevalence rates and severity of four aspects of dating aggression (physical assault, injury, sexual coercion, and psychological aggression) and their associations with negative relating tendencies in a convenience sample of 247 university students from Greece. A high proportion of the students were both aggressors and victims of aggression by their partners. Prevalence and chronicity of the majority of the types of aggression were higher for male than for female students. There were few gender differences in the prevalence of being a victim of aggression. Although, as predicted, both aggressors and victims had higher negative relating scores than those who were neither aggressors nor victims, few of the differences were statistically signifi cant. However, injury, sexual coercion, and severe assault were signifi cantly correlated with relating from a position of relative strength (upperness). Being injured was signifi cantly correlated with relating from a position of relative weakness (lowerness).
Learning in the Real World: Coeducational Groups in Response to Intimate Partner Violence
Authors: Hexham Craig
Published: December 2011

Among a number of recommendations and standards related to interventions for perpetrators of intimate partner violence is a clear implication that male and female offenders should receive gender specific services. Such segregation often assumes a potential danger to or exacerbation of victimization for the women or else identifies such distinct etiologies for violent behaviors that the treatment needs must be equally disparate. Described herein is a program that provides services for men and women in the same setting. Supporting this intervention is the belief that a significant number of those referred experience similar motivation for their thoughts, feelings, and actions and that therapeutic response will be correspondingly similar. Further, because people live, work, and play in mixed settings, it is more realistic and, it is hoped, more therapeutic to consider—and practice—changes in mixed settings as well. Pertinent factors in conducting these groups are presented, as are one presenter’s perspective on advantages and disadvantages of such a structure. Finally, considerations for research are offered.
The Reported Availability of U.S. Domestic Violence Services to Victims Who Vary by Age, Sexual Orientation, and Gender
Authors: Hines Denise A. , Douglas Emily M.
Published: December 2011

Grassroots movements during the 1970s established several types of emergency services for battered women seeking to find refuge from or leave an abusive relationship. As time went by, the range of services offered by these agencies grew to include counseling, legal services, outreach, and other services, and battered women can now access over 2,000 domestic violence (DV) agencies throughout the United States for assistance. At the same time, these services have come under increasing scrutiny for their inability or unwillingness to provide their existing services to some populations of intimate partner violence (IPV) victims. In this article, we focus on DV agencies’ ability to provide their services to various populations that have documented evidence of being underserved due to their age, gender, and/or sexual orientation. We present information on the percentage of agencies that report being able to provide victim-related services to each of these groups. We also consider various regional, state, and agency characteristics that may predict the availability of services to these underserved groups. Overall, agencies report that adolescents and men are the least likely groups to which they are able to provide their victim services. Results are discussed utilizing a human rights perspective that stresses that all IPV victims, regardless of age, sexual orientation, or gender, should have access to services provided by DV agencies.
Detecting Ongoing Intimate Partner Victimization in the Lives of Trauma Survivors With Substance Use Disorders: The Need for Supplemental Assessment
Authors: Clements Kahni , Schumacher Julie A. , Coffey Scott F. , Saladin Michael E.
Published: December 2011

Individuals seeking substance abuse treatment are at increased risk for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and recent/ongoing victimization by their intimate partners. To create a safe context for trauma treatment, it may be important to address ongoing intimate partner violence (IPV). Given that most diagnostic interviews for PTSD include an assessment of potentially traumatic events across the life span, including IPV, many clinicians may assume that IPV items included in such interviews are sufficient to assess recent/ongoing IPV. This study examined whether participants reported past-year IPV experiences on a well-established self-report questionnaire of IPV, The Conflict Tactics Scale–Revised, which were not reported during a modified version of a well-established interview of trauma history, “The National Women’s Study of PTSD Module.” Participants were men and women in substance abuse treatment with clinically significant trauma histories. As hypothesized, participants reported recent IPV on the self-report questionnaire that was not reported during the interview. Although clinicians may assume they have adequately assessed recent/ongoing IPV during interview-based trauma assessments, findings of this study indicate that supplemental self-report assessment may enhance its detection and facilitate intervention.
Female Intimate Partner Violence Victims and Labor Force Participation
Authors: VandeWeerd, Carla , Coulter, Martha L. , Mercado-Crespo, Melissa C.
Published: December 2011

Although a non-gender-specific problem, intimate partner violence (IPV) disproportionately affects women on welfare, with an estimated prevalence two to three times larger than the national prevalence rates of IPV for all women. This article examines the effects of IPV on women leaving welfare for employment in a purposive sample of 411 women in Florida who participated or were actively participating in the 2000–2002 Work and Gain Economic Self-Sufficiency (WAGES) program. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, their IPV experiences, and mediating factors (i.e., social support, employer support, physical and mental health, parenting stress, and employment success) were collected via quantitative telephone interviews. Logistic regression analyses found that employment success among welfare-recipient women who are currently in a relationship is best predicted by a short-term impact of having experienced IPV before the past 12 months (OR = 2.17). Linear regression analyses found that having suitable housing predicted lower parenting stress (F = 3.20, p ≤ .05) and better physical health (F = 4.30, p ≤ .05) and social support (F = 1.90, p ≤ .001) outcomes. In addition, suffering from IPV within the past 12 months predicted worse mental health (F = −7.74, p ≤ .001) and lower parenting stress outcomes (F = −3.99, p ≤ .001). This study contributes to understanding the complexity of mediating factors affecting IPV’s impact on employment success of women leaving welfare.
Perceptions of Domestic Violence in Heterosexual Relationships: Impact of Victim Gender and History of Response
Authors: Terrance, Cheryl A. , Plumm, Karyn M. , Thomas, Shea A.
Published: December 2011

Within the context of a heterosexual relationship, participants (n= 197) read a police interview involving a claim of domestic violence that varied the gender of the victim. Within gender conditions, the victim’s previous history of response to the violence, and on the evening in question, was portrayed as either passive or active (i.e., fought back). Results support the notion of a prototypical domestic violence victim that has emerged within a gendered framework. Overall, the female victim was perceived in a more sympathetic light than the male victim was. Interaction effects showed that men, but not women, rated the male victim as more responsible for the assault than the female victim. Participant gender effects indicated that women rated the victim and their claim of victimization more favorably than men did. Implications within the courtroom are discussed.
Correlates of Childhood Sexual Abuse and Intimate Partner Sexual Victimization
Authors: Chan Ko Ling
Published: December 2011

This study investigated the relationship between childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and sexual intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization among Chinese university students in Hong Kong, Beijing, and Shanghai. It used a cross-sectional design. To complete a self-report questionnaire, 3,388 university students from Hong Kong, Beijing, and Shanghai were recruited through convenience sampling. The results showed that 28.6% of participants experienced some form of CSA, and no gender difference was found in the prevalence of CSA. Significantly, more female have been reported being victims of sexual IPV than male (24.2% vs. 18.2%); however, when considering severe sexual victimization only, females did not report higher prevalence than men did. Results of the multiphase logistic regression showed that CSA had an independent association with an increased risk of sexual IPV victimization during adulthood. In addition, gender, having had sex with the partner of the referred intimate relationship, and current posttraumatic stress symptoms were associated with sexual IPV victimization when other factors were adjusted. Conclusion: Intervention with IPV should include an assessment of CSA history. Prevention of revictimization for IPV victims with CSA history was discussed.
The Reported Availability of U.S. Domestic Violence Services to Victims Who Vary by Immigration Status, Primary Language, and Disability
Authors: Douglas Emily M. , Hines Denise A.
Published: December 2011

This article is the second of a two-part series that investigates the reported availability of domestic violence (DV) services for individuals in traditionally underserved populations. This specific article focuses on immigrants, individuals with limited English language skills, and individuals with disabilities. The sample consisted of 213 DV agency directors from across the nation who responded about the availability of services in their agencies in several different domains: housing, legal, counseling/mental health, education, transportation, and outreach services. The results indicate a fairly high level of services across the board, especially with regard to serving immigrants, individuals with limited English language skills, and individuals with disabilities. Services for individuals with hearing impairments and undocumented immigrants were less available. Recommendations for practice and future research are discussed.
Individual Treatment for a Latino Partner Abusive Man: A Case Study
Authors: Welland Christauria G.
Published: December 2011

This case study examines the individual treatment of a 35-year-old Latino man of Mexican descent, living in Southern California at the time of his therapy. The primary treatment goal for this client was the eradication of violent and abusive behavior to his wife of 13 years, from whom he was divorced in the course of our work together, and to improve his self-knowledge and relationship skills for future intimate relationships. A secondary goal was to help him guide his children through the pain of the divorce and to establish a closer relationship with them. Using the treatment model Sin Golpes (Welland & Wexler, 2007), based on self-psychology and cognitive behavioral theories, our work focused on psychoeducation regarding partner abuse and human rights; self-management strategies; awareness of the connection between negative cognitions, anger, and abuse; exploration and transformation of gender roles, parenting skills, relationship skills, and the integration of spiritual teachings; and prevention of future violence. The client made significant progress and has not relapsed into partner violence in the past 5 years.
Interleukin‐21 Expression and Its Association With Proinflammatory Cytokines in Untreated Chronic Periodontitis Patients
Authors: Dutzan Nicolás , Vernal Rolando , Vaque Jose P. , García‐Sesnich Jocelyn , Hernandez Marcela , Abusleme Loreto , Dezerega Andrea , Gutkind J. Silvio , Gamonal Jorge
Published: December 2011

Background: Interleukin‐21 (IL‐21) controls the differentiation of T‐helper Th17 cells and induces the production of IL‐17 in this T‐cell subtype. The aim of this study is to determine the relative expression of IL‐21 in gingival tissues of chronic periodontitis patients and correlate/associate this expression with proinflammatory cytokines and clinical parameters of disease.

Methods: Samples of gingival biopsies were collected from chronic periodontitis patients (n = 10) and controls (n = 8). The mRNA expressions of IL‐21, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, IL‐23, IL‐10, and transforming growth factor‐β1 (TGF‐β1) were quantified using real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction. IL‐21 levels were compared between chronic periodontitis and healthy gingival tissues and correlated with cytokine and clinical parameters of tissue destruction.

Results: A significant overexpression of IL‐21, IL‐1β, IL‐6, IL‐17, and IL‐23p19 was detected in periodontal disease–affected tissues compared to healthy gingival tissues. IL‐10 and TGF‐β1 were, however, downregulated in periodontal lesions. IL‐21 yielded significant positive correlations with probing depth, clinical attachment level, IL‐1β, and IL‐6. In addition, IL‐21 was negatively correlated with IL‐10 and TGF‐β1.

Conclusions: IL‐21 was overexpressed in chronic periodontitis gingival tissues and correlated with clinical parameters of periodontal destruction and with proinflammatory cytokines. Therefore, IL‐21 might play a role in the tissue destruction that characterizes chronic periodontal disease.
Reality and Future of Rechargeable Lithium Batteries
Authors: Tao Haisheng , Feng Zhizhong , Liu Hao , Kan Xianwen , Chen P.
Published: December 2011

Compared to other types of rechargeable batteries, the rechargeable lithium battery has many advantages, such
as: higher energy density, lower self-discharge rate, higher voltages and longer cycle life. This article provides an
overview of the cathode, anode, electrolyte and separator materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries. The advantages
and challenges of various materials used in rechargeable lithium batteries will be discussed, followed by a highlight of
developing trends in lithium battery research.
Development in Lithium/Sulfur Secondary Batteries
Authors: Zhang Yongguang , Zhao Yan , Eun Sun Kyung , Chen P.
Published: December 2011

This paper reviews different modification methods to cathode, anode and electrolyte materials in view of their
electrochemical properties for application in lithium/sulfur batteries. In the sulfur electrode, carbonaceous materials,
conductive polymer materials, and metal oxide adsorbing materials are employed to enhance conductivity and reduce
polysulfide dissolution. The effects of anodes and novel electrolytes, such as gel polymer, solid polymer and solid ceramic
electrolytes, are reviewed.
Geography and Chronic Disease: Illustrations from the 1900s and 2000s of
the Value and Perspectives of Epidemiology
Authors: Erren Thomas C. , Koch Melissa S.
Published: December 2011

This commentary demonstrates that ‘Geography and chronic disease’ can be associated in unique ways and
may point to links in the chain of disease causation in epidemiological studies. Examples from the 1900s and 2000s
evince that critical causal insights into disease were gained by utilizing opportunities provided by geography. In the
1940s, studies that investigated why some cancers were more frequent in specific geographical areas than in others have
provided important etiological clues. After comparing disease incidences in Africans versus African-Americans,
Kennaway suggested that environmental, rather than genetic or ethnic, factors contribute to hepatic cancers. Further clues
into disease etiology were provided through the investigation of ”epidemiological islands“. One example is the discovery
of ”new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases,“ for which Gajdusek was honored as a colaureate
of a Nobel Prize in 1976. As early as the beginning of the 1900s, scientists suggested that studies of cancer
development in regions around the Earth's North Pole could be a promising research avenue. Still today, studying cancer
in populations that live at extreme latitudes seems to be a promising geographic approach to better understand public
health, given that two of the world's most frequent malignancies, namely breast and prostate cancer, are very rare in
populations residing north of the Arctic Circle. Overall, this commentary serves as a reminder that the geographically
different distribution of chronic diseases across the globe may provide unique opportunities for investigating what protects
geographically confined populations against, or what makes them more susceptible to, chronic disease.
Methods for Separate Isolation of Cell-Free DNA and Cellular DNA from Urine-Application of Methylation-Specific PCR on both DNA Fractions
Authors: Beermann Agnes , Ghanjati Foued , Hermanns Thomas , Poyet Cedric , Pereira Joana , Fischer Johannes , Wernet Peter , Santourlidis Simeon
Published: December 2011

The analysis of genomic DNA is widely-used for research, forensic and diagnostic purposes. Here we describe
reliable methods for isolation of cell-free DNA and cellular DNA from urine. Both DNA fractions are suitable for PCR
and Methylation-Specific PCR (MSP) amplification, leading to consistent and reproducible results. A kinetics analysis describes
the decline of efficiency of MSP performed with urinary DNA which had been stored at room temperature with
and without proteinase K for various time periods.
Helminthoses of goats breeding at Belgrade area
Authors: Pavlovic I. , Ivanovic S. , Zujovic M. , Tomic Z.
Published: December 2011

In aim of control parasitic infection of goat we started to sistematic
parasitological examination of it. At Belgrade area we examined flocks of
goats originated from 23 vilages from city districts Mladenovac, Lazarevac,
Obrenovac, Grocka, Zemun, Surcin, Palilula, Vozdovac and Zvezdara. Using
standart coprological methods we examined 221 faecal samples. At same time,
with necropsy we examined 67 animals. We found the following helminthes
species: Dicrocoelium dendriticum (83,25%), Moniezia expansa (52,36%),
Echinococcus granulosus (cyst) (83,25%), Trchostrongylus axei (79,82%),
T.colubriformis (69,57%), T. capricola (62,85%), Ostertagia circumcincta
(65,23%), O. ostertagi (23,33%), Nematodirus spathiger (83,25%), N. filicolis
(43,31%), Hameonchus contortus (58,95%), Skrjabinema caprae (13,28%),
Chabertia ovina (44,14%), Oesophagostomum venulosum (28,39%), and
Dictyocaulus filaria (56,45%).
Stand density effects on birdsfoot trefoil herbage yield grown for combined usage
Authors: Petrovic S. , Vuckovic S. , Simic A.
Published: December 2011

Birdsfoot trefoil grown for seed (cv. Bokor) was examined in agroecological
conditions of Western Serbia during period 2007-2009. The goal was to
determine herbage yield which could be achieved growing seed crop, using
different interrow spacing (12.5, 25 and 50 cm) and various seeding rates (2,
4 and 8 kg ha-1). The highest hay yield was obtained in the third production
year at the narrowest spacing and using the highest seeding rate (5.26 t
ha-1). Total hay production during 3 years using birdsfoot trefoil seed crop
for herbage yield ranged from 9.11 to 14.83 t ha-1 depending on row spacing
and from 10.74 to 13.2 t ha-1 depending on seeding rate. The highest stand
density (8 kg ha-1 seeding rate and 12.5 cm interrow spacing) produced the
highest herbage yield of birdsfoot trefoil in the combined usage (for forage
and seed production).
Appearance and frequency of fungi on alfalfa seed in Serbia
Authors: Vasic T. , Andjelkovic S. , Zivkovic S. , Andjelkovic B. , Terzic D. , Milenkovic J.
Published: December 2011

Alfalfa is one of the most significant forage crops in Serbia, and is known
colloquially as ?the queen of forage crops? due its significant role in
livestock nutrition. Production of high quality forage and seed is of high
importance for animal husbandry in Serbia. Fungi infections decrease seed
quality which has influence on yield and quality of forage and on period of
alfalfa utilization. Samples of alfalfa seed from Middle Banat, Danube
region, Nis and Sumadija area were examined. Samples were taken from two
alfalfa cultivars K-22 and K-28. Based on the examinations of appearance of
fungi on the alfalfa seed, following fungi were determined: Fusarium spp.,
Alternaria spp., Stemphylium spp., Epiccocum spp., Nigrospora spp., Rhizopus
spp., Mucor spp., Aspergillus spp. and Penicillium spp. Primary species were
from genera Fusarium and Alternaria, and other species were represented in
different percentages.
The influence of long term sound stress on histological structure of broiler’s adrenal glands
Authors: Zikic D. , Uscebrka G. , Gledic D. , Lazarevic M. , Stojanovic S. , Kanacki Z.
Published: December 2011

The aim of this paper is to examine the effect of different sound stress
duration on adrenal gland of broiler chickens of different age. The
experiments were conducted on 90 HYBRO broiler chickens, divided into nine
groups (each group consisting of 10 birds) by different age and lenght of
sound stress duration. The chickens were exposed to sound stress in sound
attenuated building using a fire alarm bell (95 dB) for stress sessions
lasted 120 min every day. The histological structure of adrenal gland was
analyzed by light microscopy. The results indicate that adrenal gland is
sensitive on this kind of stress and sound as stressor could introduce
organism in stress reaction. Adrenal glands of broilers exposed to sound
stress characterized by marked hyperemia, hypertrophy of interrenal cells,
smaller affinity for staining of chromaffin cells compared with control
groups. According to our results, degree of histological changes of adrenal
gland under the influence of sound stress depends on the length of exposure
and age of chickens.
Broiler meat quality: The effect of rearing system and length of fattening period
Authors: Bogosavljevic-Boskovic S. , Doskovic V. , Mitrovic S. , Rakonjac S. , Petrovic M.D.
Published: December 2011

Broiler meat production in recent years has been oriented towards the
implementation of non-commercial rearing systems aimed at improving broiler
rearing conditions, enhancing meat quality and improving the environment.
This study presents productive and slaughter results of broilers reared under
two non-commercial systems, including extensive indoor and free-range
systems. Length of fattening period was 63 days. On days 49 and 63 of the
experiment, male and female broilers were randomly selected from both rearing
systems and slaughtered thereafter to be evaluated and compared for the
following traits: dressing percentage and percentage yield of primal carcass
cuts, as dependent upon rearing system, length of fattening period and
broiler sex. The results showed a higher dressing percentage in broilers
slaughtered on day 49, regardless of the higher carcass weight of broilers
slaughtered on day 63. Broiler sex had a highly significant effect on the
percentage yield of breast, thigh and drumstick in the dressed carcass
(P<0.01), whereas the percentage yield of thighs was also statistically
highly significantly affected by rearing system (P<0.01). Rearing system,
length of fattening period and the interaction of these factors had no
significant effect (P>0.05) on the percentage yield of primal cuts (breast,
thigh, drumstick, wing, back and pelvis), excepting that of pelvis which was
significantly affected by rearing system (P<0.05).
Growth performances of broilers hybro G+ provenience
Authors: Lilic S. , Sefer D. , Dimitrijevic S. , Ilic T. , Ivanovic S. , Matekalo-Sverak V.
Published: December 2011

In this paper are presented the growth performances (live weight, average
daily weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion ratio) of broilers
Hybro G+ provenience. Feeding, zoohygienic and zootechnical measures met
technological normative for this provenience. Broilers were fed with the
complete feed mixtures (producer ?Dren?, Novi Sad) with added anticoccidial
salinomycine in the amount of 66 mg/kg up to 35. day of fattening. In last
week of the fattening period, salinomycine was not added (drug waiting period
is 5 days). Live weight of broilers at the end of trial was 1959.74 g to
2750.48 g (average 2340.62 g). During the fattening period, average daily
weight gain was 54.70 ? 5.03 g; it was in the range 45.71-64.39 g. Average
daily feed consumption was 87.97 g for all fattening period and feed
conversion ratio was 87.97 g.
The content of fat and fatty acids composition in chicken liver
Authors: Cieślik E. , Cieślik I. , Molina-Ruiz J.M. , Walkowska I. , Migdal W.
Published: December 2011

Liver is recognized as a valuable source of nutrients in human nutrition but
there are a few reports of the lipid profile of chicken liver. The aim of
work was to determine fat content as well as fatty acids composition of raw
chicken liver. The study was carried out on three chicken breeds (New
Hampshire, Plymouth Rock, Rhode Island) obtained from National Research
Institute of Animal Production in Balice. Total fat was determined by Soxhlet
method and the fatty acids profile was performed with gas chromatography
method on a Varian 3400. Fat content of chicken liver ranged from 2.65 to
10.07 g/100g depended on the breed. The predominant saturated acid (SFA) in
all samples was palmitate (C16:0), followed by stearate (C18:0). Oleate
(C18:1) was the major monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) in all samples,
followed by palmitooleate (16:1). n-3 fatty acids in chicken liver were
comparatively lower than SFA and MUFA. The predominant polyunsaturated acid
(PUFA) was linoleate (C18:2). Arachidonate (C20:4) was the second most
important n-6 fatty acid. Fatty acid content also varied between breeds of
chicken. It has been demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) is
found in chicken liver.