bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Morphological and evolutionary insights into the keystone element of the human foot’s medial longitudinal arch
Authors: Sorrentino Rita , Carlson Kristian J. , Orr Caley M. , Pietrobelli Annalisa , Figus Carla , Li Shuyuan , Conconi Michele , Sancisi Nicola , Belvedere Claudio , Zhu Mingjie , Fiorenza Luca , Hublin Jean-Jacques , Jashashvili Tea , Novak Mario , Patel Biren A. , Prang Thomas C. , Williams Scott A. , Saers Jaap P. P. , Stock Jay T. , Ryan Timothy , Myerson Mark , Leardini Alberto , DeSilva Jeremy , Marchi Damiano , Belcastro Maria Giovanna , Benazzi Stefano
Published: October 2023

The evolution of the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) is one of the most impactful adaptations in the hominin foot that emerged with bipedalism. When and how it evolved in the human lineage is still unresolved. Complicating the issue, clinical definitions of flatfoot in livingHomo sapienshave not reached a consensus. Here we digitally investigate the navicular morphology ofH. sapiens(living, archaeological, and fossil), great apes, and fossil hominins and its correlation with the MLA. A distinctive navicular shape characterises livingH. sapienswith adult acquired flexible flatfoot, while the congenital flexible flatfoot exhibits a ‘normal’ navicular shape. AllH. sapiensgroups differentiate from great apes independently from variations in the MLA, likely because of bipedalism. Most australopith,H. naledi, andH. floresiensisnavicular shapes are closer to those of great apes, which is inconsistent with a human-like MLA and instead might suggest a certain degree of arboreality. Navicular shape of OH 8 and fossilH. sapiensfalls within the normal livingH. sapiensspectrum of variation of the MLA (including congenital flexible flatfoot and individuals with a well-developed MLA). At the same time,H. neanderthalensisseem to be characterised by a different expression of the MLA.
Improving Wikipedia verifiability with AI
Authors: Petroni Fabio , Broscheit Samuel , Piktus Aleksandra , Lewis Patrick , Izacard Gautier , Hosseini Lucas , Dwivedi-Yu Jane , Lomeli Maria , Schick Timo , Bevilacqua Michele , Mazaré Pierre-Emmanuel , Joulin Armand , Grave Edouard , Riedel Sebastian
Published: October 2023

Verifiability is a core content policy of Wikipedia: claims need to be backed by citations. Maintaining and improving the quality of Wikipedia references is an important challenge and there is a pressing need for better tools to assist humans in this effort. We show that the process of improving references can be tackled with the help of artificial intelligence (AI) powered by an information retrieval system and a language model. This neural-network-based system, which we call SIDE, can identify Wikipedia citations that are unlikely to support their claims, and subsequently recommend better ones from the web. We train this model on existing Wikipedia references, therefore learning from the contributions and combined wisdom of thousands of Wikipedia editors. Using crowdsourcing, we observe that for the top 10% most likely citations to be tagged as unverifiable by our system, humans prefer our system’s suggested alternatives compared with the originally cited reference 70% of the time. To validate the applicability of our system, we built a demo to engage with the English-speaking Wikipedia community and find that SIDE’s first citation recommendation is preferred twice as often as the existing Wikipedia citation for the same top 10% most likely unverifiable claims according to SIDE. Our results indicate that an AI-based system could be used, in tandem with humans, to improve the verifiability of Wikipedia.
Urban metabolic flow in China’s megacities doubled by material stock accumulation since the 21st century
Authors: Fu Chenling , Deng Tianjie , Zhang Yan
Published: October 2023

Buildings, infrastructure, and durable goods play a critical role in urbanization, akin to bones and muscles that structure the human body. These stocks contribute to the exploitation of over half of the world’s resources and offer potential “urban mining” sources. However, the process of resource transformation regarding urban material stock growth and material flow alteration remains unclear. The metaphor of urban metabolism provides a new perspective to dissect this process, but current studies often spotlight only specific fragments, such as certain end-use types or materials. This study bridges this gap by establishing a comprehensive level-to-level analysis of urban “bone-muscle” metabolism in China’s megacities. This study presents a comprehensive analysis of urban metabolism in China’s megacities, tracking the lifecycle of material stock across over a hundred distinct end-use types and 12 categories of materials. Results indicate that annual metabolic flow in these cities has doubled since the early 21st century, reaching 264–737 Mt in 2018, with manufacturing, construction, and transportation as primary drivers. As accumulation intensifies, the material stock’s growth rate diminishes logarithmically, hinting at increased efficiency and a move towards a steady state. Concurrently, scrap flow is on the rise. Driven by population growth, per capita scrap is projected to reach 2.0–4.7 t/cap by 2035, and material stock is expected to rise 1.4–2 fold. Proactive population planning and coordinated development strategies can mitigate the risks associated with this growth and maintain urban system stability.
A systematic scoping review evaluating sugar-sweetened beverage taxation from a systems perspective
Authors: Alvarado Miriam , Adams Jean , Penney Tarra , Murphy Madhuvanti M. , Abdool Karim Safura , Egan Nat , Rogers Nina Trivedy , Carters-White Lauren , White Martin
Published: October 2023

Systems thinking can reveal surprising, counterintuitive or unintended reactions to population health interventions (PHIs), yet this lens has rarely been applied to sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) taxation. Using a systematic scoping review approach, we identified 329 papers concerning SSB taxation, of which 45 considered influences and impacts of SSB taxation jointly, involving methodological approaches that may prove promising for operationalizing a systems informed approach to PHI evaluation. Influences and impacts concerning SSB taxation may be cyclically linked, and studies that consider both enable us to identify implications beyond a predicted linear effect. Only three studies explicitly used systems thinking informed methods. Finally, we developed an illustrative, feedback-oriented conceptual framework, emphasizing the processes that could result in an SSB tax being increased, maintained, eroded or repealed over time. Such a framework could be used to synthesize evidence from non-systems informed evaluations, leading to novel research questions and further policy development.
Neutralizing antibodies from prior exposure to dengue virus negatively correlate with viremia on re-infection
Authors: Anantharaj Anbalagan , Agrawal Tanvi , Shashi Pooja Kumari , Tripathi Alok , Kumar Parveen , Khan Imran , Pareek Madhu , Singh Balwant , Pattabiraman Chitra , Kumar Saurabh , Pandey Rajesh , Chandele Anmol , Lodha Rakesh , Whitehead Stephen S. , Medigeshi Guruprasad R.
Published: October 2023

Background

India is hyperendemic to dengue and over 50% of adults are seropositive. There is limited information on the association between neutralizing antibody profiles from prior exposure and viral RNA levels during subsequent infection.

Methods

Samples collected from patients with febrile illness was used to assess seropositivity by indirect ELISA. Dengue virus (DENV) RNA copy numbers were estimated by quantitative RT-PCR and serotype of the infecting DENV was determined by nested PCR. Focus reduction neutralizing antibody titer (FRNT) assay was established using Indian isolates to measure the levels of neutralizing antibodies and also to assess the cross-reactivity to related flaviviruses namely Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) and West Nile virus (WNV).

Results

In this cross-sectional study, we show that dengue seropositivity increased from 52% in the 0–15 years group to 89% in >45 years group. Antibody levels negatively correlate with dengue RNAemia on the day of sample collection and higher RNAemia is observed in primary dengue as compared to secondary dengue. The geometric mean FRNT50 titers for DENV-2 is significantly higher as compared to the other three DENV serotypes. We observe cross-reactivity with ZIKV and significantly lower or no neutralizing antibodies against JEV and WNV. The FRNT50 values for international isolates of DENV-1, DENV-3 and DENV-4 is significantly lower as compared to Indian isolates.

Conclusions

Majority of the adult population in India have neutralizing antibodies to all the four DENV serotypes which correlates with reduced RNAemia during subsequent infection suggesting that antibodies can be considered as a good correlate of protection.
Transporter modulation of molnupiravir and its metabolite β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine across the blood-brain barrier in a rat
Authors: Chang Chun-Hao , Peng Wen-Ya , Lee Wan-Hsin , Yang Ling , Lin Tung-Yi , Yang Muh-Hwa , Tsai Tung-Hu
Published: October 2023

Background

The antiviral drug molnupiravir is an orally bioavailable prodrug of the nucleoside analog β-D-N4-hydroxycytidine (NHC), which is used to treat coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, there is very little information on the barrier distribution of molnupiravir. Our hypothesis is that molnupiravir and NHC can penetrate the blood‒brain barrier (BBB) into brain tissue and that nucleoside transporters (equilibrative nucleoside transporters; ENT and concentrative nucleoside transporters; CNT) can modulate this process.

Methods

To investigate the mechanism of molnupiravir transport through the BBB, multiple microdialyses coupled to a validated ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC‒MS/MS) was developed to monitor dialysates, and nitrobenzylthioinosine (NBMPR; an inhibitor of ENT) was administered concomitantly with molnupiravir (100 mg/kg, i.v.) in the male rat.

Results

Here, we show that molnupiravir is rapidly metabolized to NHC in the blood and crossed the BBB in 20 min. Furthermore, when NBMPR is concomitantly administered to inhibit efflux, the concentrations of molnupiravir and NHC in the brain increased significantly.

Conclusions

In summary, molnupiravir rapidly transforms into NHC and crosses the BBB and reaches the brain at approximately 0.3-0.8% of the blood‒brain ratio. The maximum concentration of NHC in the blood and brain is above the average half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of the drug required to treat severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, suggesting a therapeutic effect. The penetration of NHC is modulated by NBMPR. These findings provide constructive information on brain disorders in clinical patients with COVID-19.
Boosting hydrogen peroxide production of brookite TiO2 with Au and MXene co-catalysis under UV light
Authors: Sun Xiaoyu , Wang Tianyi , Wang Chengyin , Ohno Teruhisa
Published: October 2023

Summary illustrating the mechanism of H2O2 generation by TiO2/Au/MXene under UV light irradiation.
Stepwise formation of a chemodynamic therapy agent of {Cu8} macrocyclic complex recognized by iodide ions
Authors: Huang Sudi , Zhong Jingjing , Huang Xinyi , Jia Yuqing , Hong Zhaoguo , Huang Fu-Ping
Published: October 2023

A Cu(i) macrocyclic complex Cu8I was developed for chemodynamic therapy research. The {Cu8} macrocyclic skeleton gradually forms with the selective recognition of iodide ions, and the ESI-MS indicates a possible formation process.
Ranking the accelerated weathering of plastic polymers
Authors: Hoseini Maryam , Stead Jess , Bond Tom
Published: October 2023

Mass loss and increases in carbonyl index proceeded more rapidly in polypropylene and low-density polyethylene than the other polymers tested.
Ultrasonic–biogenic synthesis of silver on anodized aluminum with superior antibacterial properties
Authors: Agbe Henry , Sarkar Dilip Kumar , Chen X.-Grant , Dodoo-Arhin David
Published: October 2023

The design and fabrication of high-touch surfaces with antibacterial properties can reduce microbial burden and subsequent nosocomial infections in a hygiene critical environment.
A covalent fragment-based strategy targeting a novel cysteine to inhibit activity of mutant EGFR kinase
Authors: Kuki Naoki , Walmsley David L. , Kanai Kazuo , Takechi Sho , Yoshida Masao , Murakami Ryo , Takano Kohei , Tominaga Yuichi , Takahashi Mizuki , Ito Shuichiro , Nakao Naoki , Angove Hayley , Baker Lisa M. , Carter Edward , Dokurno Pawel , Le Strat Loic , Macias Alba T. , Molyneaux Carrie-Anne , Murray James B. , Surgenor Allan E. , Hamada Tomoaki , Hubbard Roderick E.
Published: October 2023

Covalent fragment strategy for a previously unexploited cysteine of mutant EGFR.
Contact efficiency optimization for tribovoltaic nanogenerators
Authors: Zhao Zhihao , Zhang Jiayue , Qiao Wenyan , Zhou Linglin , Guo Ziting , Li Xinyuan , Wang Zhong Lin , Wang Jie
Published: October 2023

A quantification method is proposed to determine the effective contact area and assess the contact efficiency of large-scale tribovoltaic nanogenerators, and the corresponding optimization strategy is also provided to enhance their output performance.
Two-dimensional HfS2–ZrS2 lateral heterojunction FETs with high rectification and photocurrent
Authors: Li Lin , Yuan Peize , Ma Zinan , He Mengjie , Jiang Yurong , Wang Tianxing , Xia Congxin , Li Xueping
Published: October 2023

The field effect transistor based on monolayer HfS2–ZrS2 lateral heterojunction provides an effective route to integrate rectifying and photodetection functions in single opto-electronic nanodevice.
In situ assembly of one-dimensional Pt@ZnO nanofibers driven by a ZIF-8 framework for achieving a high-performance acetone sensor
Authors: Chen Zaiping , Liu Wei , Si Xiaohui , Guo Junmeng , Huo Jiahang , Zhang Zhiheng , Cheng Gang , Du Zuliang
Published: October 2023

To obtain a high-performance gas sensor, it is essential to ingeniously design sensing materials containing the features of high catalytic performance, abundant oxygen vacancies, and splendid grain dispersibility through a simple method.
Isothiocyanates (in situ) and sulfonyl chlorides in water for N-functionalization of bicyclic amidines: access to N-alkylated γ-/ω-lactam derivatized thiourea and sulfonamides
Authors: Kumar Pankaj , Bhalla Aman
Published: October 2023

Electrophilic reaction of β-isothiocyanato sulfides and sulfonyl chloride in water with bicyclic amidines affording γ-/ω-lactam-derived β-thio(uredo) sulfides/sulfonamides.
Surface functionalization of discrete metal-chalcogenide supertetrahedral clusters and the photocatalytic application
Authors: Wu Jin , Fu Qiang , Wu Zixin , Sun Peipei , Zhu Xing , Wang Ying , Chen Ning , Li Dong-Sheng , Wu Tao
Published: October 2023

A facile approach for modifying the surface structure of discrete metal chalcogenide supertetrahedral clusters to improve their contact with MXene nanosheets, thus enhancing their photocatalytic performance.
Fluoroalkylated hypervalent sulfur fluorides: radical addition of arylchlorotetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanes to tetrafluoroethylene
Authors: Yasuo Eisuke , Aikawa Kohsuke , Nozaki Kyoko , Okazoe Takashi
Published: October 2023

Unprecedented aryl(polyfluoroethyl)tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanes were synthesized via the radical addition of arylchlorotetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanes to tetrafluoroethylene. The bridging tetrafluoro-λ6-sulfanyl moiety strongly enhanced the hydrophobicity.
Hydroxyapatite nanoparticle-modified porous bone grafts with improved cell attachment
Authors: Dhavalikar Prachi , Jenkins Dana , Rosen Natalie , Kannapiran Aparajith , Salhadar Karim , Shachaf Orren , Silverstein Michael , Cosgriff-Hernández Elizabeth
Published: October 2023

Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and surfactant concentration in polyMIPE scaffolds affect microarchitecture and cell behavior. Co-stabilized polyMIPEs balance these interactions to achieve properties suitable for bone grafting applications.
Efficient radical-based near-infrared organic light-emitting diodes with an emission peak exceeding 800 nm
Authors: Lv Kuo , Zhang Ming , Li Feng
Published: October 2023

An OLED employing the TTM-NPNA radical as the emitter exhibits a high external quantum efficiency (EQE) value of 3.9% with an electroluminescence peak at 822 nm.
Dynamic reconfiguration of three‐phase imbalanced distribution networks considering soft open points
Authors: Ji Xingquan , Zhang Xuan , Ye Pingfeng , Zhang Yumin , Li Guanglei , Gong Zheng
Published: October 2023

The characteristics of three‐phase imbalances are present in medium‐ and low‐voltage distribution networks. Integrating single‐phase distributed generation (DG) exacerbates network imbalances, resulting in increased power losses and potential safety hazards. To address these issues, a dynamic reconfiguration strategy (DNR) for three‐phase imbalanced distribution networks, considering soft open points (SOP), has been proposed. The objective is to alleviate the three‐phase imbalance and minimize the operational costs of the distribution network. Within the reconfiguration strategy, the constraints of DG current imbalance in practical system operations are considered. A three‐phase imbalanced DNR model that simultaneously considers the constraints of the SOP and DG current imbalances is introduced. This model aims to optimize the operation of all devices, including the SOP, to address the overall imbalance of the distribution network. This enables the authors to transform the non‐linear model into a mixed‐integer linear programming model, significantly improving the solution efficiency. To validate the proposed strategy, simulations of a modified IEEE 34‐node distribution system and an actual 78‐node distribution system were conducted. The results demonstrate that this strategy offers significant economic benefits and ensures the security of the distribution network.
Bend forming of aluminum alloy integral panel: a review
Authors: Zhang Xiao-Xiao , Li Yong-Hua
Published: October 2023

As the main structural component of aircraft skin, aluminum alloy integral panel is characterized by smooth aerodynamic configuration, light weight, high specific strength and stiffness, short fabrication cycle and so on. It is imperative to develop effective forming technology to manufacture integral panel with high configuration and dimension accuracy from flat or profiled sheet metal. Bend forming has advantages over other processes. Significant research work has been carried out in recent decades. This literature covers a review of the research and development of bend forming of aluminum alloy integral panels regarding principles, applications, forming processes and defects like buckling and fracture based on experiments and finite element simulations. Future research directions are also pointed out.
Seroepidemiology of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and detection of infection acquired during pregnancy in Cotonou, Benin
Authors: Amagbégnon Richard , Dechavanne Celia , Dambrun Magalie , Yehouénou Urielle , Akondé Noé , Migot-Nabias Florence , Nounnagnon Tonouhéwa Aretas Babatoundé , Hamidović Azra , Fievet Nadine , Tonato-Bagnan Angéline , Ogouyemi-Hounto Aurore , Alao Maroufou Jules , Dardé Marie-Laure , Mercier Aurélien , Kindé-Gazard Dorothée
Published: October 2023

Assessing the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in pregnant women and the associated risk factors is the first step in defining policy for the prevention of congenital toxoplasmosis in a given population. An epidemiological study was conducted during prenatal consultations at the CHU-MEL of Cotonou (Benin) between September 2018 and April 2021 and recruited 549 pregnant women to determine the seroprevalence and potential factors associated with Toxoplasma gondii infection. Toxoplasma gondii IgG/IgM antibodies were detected using an enzyme-linked fluorescence assay (ELFA) technique, an IgG avidity test and an IgG/IgM comparative Western blot to diagnose the maternal toxoplasmosis serological status, the possibility of an infection acquired during pregnancy and congenital infection, respectively. Concomitantly, the participants answered a questionnaire investigating potential risk factors. Toxoplasmosis seroprevalence was estimated at 44.4% (95% CI 40.3–48.6) and the factors significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity were: age over 30 years, multigravid women and contact with cats. The possibility of an infection acquired during the periconceptional period or the first trimester of pregnancy concerned six women [1.1% (95% CI 0.5–2.0)]. However, due to the low rate of serological controls in seronegative women, a significant proportion of women first tested during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy, and an insufficient sample size, the incidence of primary infection during pregnancy could not be determined. No cases of congenital transmission occurred in the newborns from the suspected cases of primary infection.
E-cigarette use-associated lung injury (EVALI)
Authors: Tituana Nathaly Yessenia , Clavijo Claudia Gabriela , Espinoza Evelyn Fernanda , Tituana Viviana Alexandra
Published: October 2023

The prevalence of vaping has overtaken conventional cigarettes as the most frequent form of nicotine consumption among 15–24-year olds. There are currently a large number of both legitimate and illegitimate products and suppliers offering more than 8000 different flavors of vape on the market, whose additives are not tested, studied or regulated and whose safety and toxicity profile remains unknown. In vitro studies have demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease in the viability of normal human bronchial epithelial cells after exposure to vapor from electronic vape devices.

Short- and medium-term studies to date indicate that vapor-induced pulmonary lesions are the most serious and commonly reported side effect; such lesions include bilateral ground glass opacities in lung bases with subpleural preservation, bilateral infiltrates, pleural effusion, pneumomediastinum and nodular opacities. Cases of EVALI have been described in patients with daily exposure, as well as in users who reported having been exposed to these substances at least once a month. The most frequently inhaled substances are THC, flavored liquids of unknown content, and nicotine.

The clinical manifestations of dyspnea and cough are the most frequent respiratory symptomatology, in addition to constitutional manifestations such as fever and chills, and gastrointestinal manifestations such as vomiting, nausea, abdominal pain and diarrhea. To these can be added the presence of tachypnea, tachycardia, elevated blood pressure, hypoxia, leukocytosis with neutrophilia and elevated ESR.
Proteomic Characterization of Plasma in Lemierre's Syndrome
Authors: Nygren David , Torisson Gustav , Happonen Lotta , Mellhammar Lisa , Linder Adam , Elf Johan , Yan Hong , Welinder Charlotte , Holm Karin
Published: October 2023

Background The underlying mechanisms of thrombosis in Lemierre's syndrome and other septic thrombophlebitis are incompletely understood. Therefore, in this case control study we aimed to generate hypotheses on its pathogenesis by studying the plasma proteome in patients with these conditions.

Methods All patients with Lemierre's syndrome in the Skåne Region, Sweden, were enrolled prospectively during 2017 to 2021 as cases. Age-matched patients with other severe infections were enrolled as controls. Patient plasma samples were analyzed using label-free data-independent acquisition liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Differentially expressed proteins in Lemierre's syndrome versus other severe infections were highlighted. Functions of differentially expressed proteins were defined based on a literature search focused on previous associations with thrombosis.

Results Eight patients with Lemierre's syndrome and 15 with other severe infections were compared. Here, 20/449 identified proteins were differentially expressed between the groups. Of these, 14/20 had functions previously associated with thrombosis. Twelve of 14 had a suggested prothrombotic effect in Lemierre's syndrome, whereas 2/14 had a suggested antithrombotic effect.

Conclusion Proteins involved in several thrombogenic pathways were differentially expressed in Lemierre's syndrome compared to other severe infections. Among identified proteins, several were associated with endothelial damage, platelet activation, and degranulation, and warrant further targeted studies.
A Facile Synthesis of 3′-Fluoro Hexitol Adenosine and Guanosine Phosphoramidites
Authors: Prakash Thazha P. , Yu Jinghua , Vasquez Guillermo , Allerson Charels R. , Swayze Eric E.
Published: October 2023

We report a convenient and scalable synthetic approach for the synthesis of 3′-fluoro hexitol adenosine and guanosine nucleoside analogues and corresponding phosphoramidites in good yield. 1,5-Anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-d-glucitol was converted into 1,5-anhydro-4,6-O-benzylidene-3-deoxy-3-fluoro-2-O-trifluoromethanesulfonyl-d-altritol in a three-step process. Glycosylation using adenosine or 2-amino-6-iodopurine yielded the corresponding nucleoside analogues in excellent yield. Based on this strategy, a highly concise and scalable synthesis of 3′-fluoro hexitol purine nucleosides (1–2 g, 18–21% overall yield) was accomplished, which will enable the use of 3′-fluoro hexitol nucleic acids for genetic medicine development and diagnostic applications.
Homeopathic Formulations of Syzygium jambolanum Alleviate Glycation-Mediated Structural and Functional Modifications of Albumin: Evaluation through Multi-Spectroscopic and Microscopic Approaches
Authors: Bangar Nilima S. , Ravindran Selvan , Shaikh Shamim A. , Shah Nilesh , Tupe Rashmi S.
Published: October 2023

Background The growing interest in identifying the mode of action of traditional medicines has strengthened its research. Syzygium jambolanum (Syzyg) is commonly prescribed in homeopathy and is a rich source of phytochemicals.

Objective The present study aims to shed light on the anti-glycation molecular mechanism of Syzyg mother tincture (MT), 30c, and 200c on glycated human serum albumin (HSA) by multi-spectroscopic and microscopic approaches.

Methods The phytochemicals and antioxidant potential of the Syzyg formulations were estimated by the high-performance liquid chromatography and spectroscopic technique, respectively. Glycation was initiated by incubating HSA with methylglyoxal, three Syzyg formulations, and the known inhibitor aminoguanidine in separate tubes at 37°C for 48 hours. The formation of glycation adducts was assessed by spectrofluorometer and affinity chromatography. The structural modifications were analyzed through circular dichroism, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, turbidity, 8-anilinonapthalene-1-sulfonic acid fluorescence, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Further, the formation of the aggregates was examined by thioflavin T, native-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and transmission electron microscopy. Additionally, the functional modifications of glycated HSA were determined by esterase-like activity and antioxidant capacity. The binding analysis of Syzyg formulations with glycated HSA was evaluated by surface plasmon resonance (SPR).

Results Syzyg formulations MT, 30c, and 200c contained gallic acid and ellagic acid as major phytochemicals, with concentrations of 16.02, 0.86, and 0.52 µg/mL, and 227.35, 1.35, and 0.84 µg/mL, respectively. Additionally, all three formulations had remarkable radical scavenging ability and could significantly inhibit glycation compared with aminoguanidine. Further, Syzyg formulations inhibited albumin's structural and functional modifications. SPR data showed that Syzyg formulations bind to glycated HSA with an equilibrium dissociation constant of 1.10 nM.

Conclusion Syzyg formulations inhibited the glycation process while maintaining the structural and functional integrity of HSA.
Homoeopathic Treatment of Uterine Fibroid: A Case Report
Authors: Afroza Tamara , Kamila Sumanta , Bera Biswajit
Published: October 2023

Uterine fibroids are common findings in women and represent benign smooth muscle tumours of the uterus. These tumors are very frequently encountered in clinical practice. Homeopathy offers a more favourable response to such conditions in addition to surgical interventions. A 30-year-old female patient visited our outpatient department with complaints of dyspareunia, which is characterized by painful sexual intercourse and abdominal distension. Ultrasonography confirmed her diagnosis of uterine fibroids. Following comprehensive case assessment and repertorization, the patient was initially prescribed individualized homeopathic medicine Natrum muriaticum 200c, followed by other medications as needed. Within approximately a year of homeopathic treatment, the patient's condition began to improve. The Modified Naranjo Criteria for Homeopathy (MONARCH) tool was employed to evaluate the causal relationship between homeopathic intervention and clinical outcome. A MONARCH score of +7 indicated that the clinical improvement was likely attributed to the homeopathic treatment, which aligns with ultrasonographic findings obtained before and after treatment. This case study underscores the effectiveness of tailored homeopathic treatment for uterine fibroids. However, more studies and evidence-based clinical verification are necessary to establish the efficacy of homeopathy in such cases.
CT Arterioportography for Complex Portomesenteric Venous Interventions
Authors: Hegde Kausthubh , Sutphin Patrick D. , Irani Zubin , Kalva Sanjeeva P.
Published: October 2023

Authors report the use of computed tomography arterioportography (CTAP) in the diagnosis and endovascular treatment of portomesenteric venous occlusion. Three patients (2 male and 1 female; median age: 51 years) with an extrahepatic portal or mesenteric venous occlusion and variceal bleeding were included in this institutional review boards-approved retrospective study. CTAP was performed with an angiographic catheter positioned in the proximal superior mesenteric artery, and CT was obtained during the venous phase following the intra-arterial injection of contrast material. CTAP provided excellent opacification and delineation of portomesenteric veins, including occlusion length, intravascular webs, venous collaterals, and bleeding varices. This enabled preoperative planning for complex recanalization or extra-anatomic bypass to treat extrahepatic portal and mesenteric venous obstruction. There were no complications related to CTAP.
Intraoperative Endoscopic-Guided Bowel Resection for Persistent Gastrointestinal Bleeding Caused by Angiodysplasia: A Case Report and Literature Review
Authors: Fellows Emily , Harris Joy , Kibble Tania , McDonald Nicholas M. , Azeem Nabeel , Harmon James V.
Published: October 2023

Gastrointestinal angiodysplasia is an uncommon condition often associated with significant gastrointestinal bleeding that is resistant to medical therapy. We report the clinical outcomes of two patients who successfully underwent simultaneous intraoperative endoscopic and surgical interventions for the treatment of angiodysplasia. Intraoperative endoscopic guidance was found to be useful in managing hemorrhage caused by angiodysplasia in both patients. Additionally, we performed an analysis of cases reported in the literature. Our review focused on the anatomic location of the resected bowel and the clinical outcomes of patients (n = 21) with angiodysplasia managed with intraoperative endoscopy reported in the literature.
Differenzialdiagnostik (3)
Authors: Zalpour Christoff , von Piekartz Harry
Published: October 2023

Die neuralgische Schulteramyotrophie (NSA) ist eine akute Entzündung des Plexus brachialis, die mit plötzlichen heftigen Schmerzen und Lähmungen der Schulter- und Armmuskulatur einhergeht. Weniger stark ausgeprägt sind die sensorischen Ausfälle. Charakteristisch ist das Verteilungsmuster der Lähmungen: Die Symptome treten an mehreren Stellen, aber nicht im Verlauf eines Nervs auf, was eine Wurzelläsion ausschließt. Bevorzugt sind die Mm. supraspinatus, infraspinatus, deltoideus und biceps brachii betroffen.
Suppression of spin pumping at metal interfaces
Authors: Lim Youngmin , Nepal Bhuwan , Smith David A. , Wu Shuang , Srivastava Abhishek , Nakarmi Prabandha , Mewes Claudia , Jiang Zijian , Gupta Adbhut , Viehland Dwight D. , Klewe Christoph , Shafer Padraic , Park In Jun , Mabe Timothy , Amin Vivek P. , Heremans Jean J. , Mewes Tim , Emori Satoru
Published: October 2023

An electrically conductive metal typically transmits or absorbs a spin current. Here, we report on evidence that interfacing two metal thin films can suppress spin transmission and absorption. We examine spin pumping in spin-source/spacer/spin-sink heterostructures, where the spacer consists of metallic Cu and Cr thin films. The Cu/Cr spacer largely suppresses spin pumping—i.e., neither transmitting nor absorbing a significant amount of spin current—even though Cu or Cr alone transmits a sizable spin current. The antiferromagnetism of Cr is not essential for the suppression of spin pumping, as we observe similar suppression with Cu/V spacers with V as a nonmagnetic analog of Cr. We speculate that diverse combinations of spin-transparent metals may form interfaces that suppress spin pumping, although the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Our work may stimulate a new perspective on spin transport in metallic multilayers.
Perspective from a Hubbard U-density corrected scheme towards a spin crossover-mediated change in gas affinity
Authors: Mariano A. L. , Fernández-Blanco A. , Poloni R.
Published: October 2023

By employing a recently proposed Hubbard U density-corrected scheme within density functional theory, we provide design principles towards the design of materials exhibiting a spin crossover-assisted gas release. Small molecular fragments are used as case study to identify two main mechanisms behind the change in binding energy upon spin transitions. The feasibility of the proposed mechanism in porous crystals is assessed by correlating the change in binding energy of CO2, CO, N2, and H2, upon spin crossover, with the adiabatic energy difference associated with the spin state change of the square-planar metal in Hofmann-type clathrates (M = Fe, Mn, Ni). A few promising cases are identified for the adsorption of intermediate ligand field strength molecules such as N2 and H2. The latter stands out as the most original result as the strong interaction in low spin, as expected from a Kubas mechanism, results in a large change in binding energy. This work provides a general perspective towards the engineering of open-metal site frameworks exhibiting local environments designed to have a spin crossover upon adsorption of specific gas molecules.
Light-guiding-light-based temporal integration of broadband terahertz pulses in air
Authors: Zhao Jiayu , Zhu Feifan , Han Yongpeng , Wang Qining , Lao Li , Li Xiaofeng , Peng Yan , Zhu Yiming
Published: October 2023

The next generation of all-optical computation platforms prefers the light-guiding-light (LGL) scheme inside a medium that envisions circuitry-free and rapidly reconfigurable systems powered by dynamic interactions between light beams. Currently, suitable LGL materials and corresponding mechanisms are in urgent need. In this work, we proposed ubiquitous air as a restorable LGL signal manipulation medium with transient air-plasma waveguide circuits. Briefly, by focusing femtosecond laser beams in free space, the created atmospheric plasma filament array via photoionization was able to guide terahertz (THz) pulses along its epsilon-near-zero zone with a 1/f-profile spectral response. Consequently, this achieved a time-domain integration of the THz pulse in broad bandwidth. When the pumping laser was sequentially turned off and on, this air-plasma multi-filament structure was erased and rebuilt within nano- and femto-seconds, respectively, allowing rapid and repeated rearrangements of the all-optical stage. Furthermore, this air-based LGL information processing approach is promising to pave the way toward all-optical calculations during free-space directional transmission of THz waves, in which way the delivered THz signal can be remotely controlled.
Auger and spin dynamics in a self-assembled quantum dot
Authors: Mannel H. , Kerski J. , Lochner P. , Zöllner M. , Wieck A. D. , Ludwig A. , Lorke A. , Geller M.
Published: October 2023

The Zeeman-split spin states of a single quantum dot can be used together with its optical trion transitions to form a spin–photon interface between a stationary (the spin) and a flying (the photon) quantum bit. In addition to long coherence times of the spin state itself, the limiting decoherence mechanisms of the trion states are of central importance. Here, we investigate in time-resolved resonance fluorescence the electron spin and trion dynamics in a single self-assembled quantum dot in an applied magnetic field of up to B=10 T. The quantum dot is only weakly coupled to an electron reservoir with tunneling rates of about 1ms−1. Using this sample structure, we can measure, in addition to the spin-flip rate of the electron and the spin-flip Raman rate of the trion transition, the Auger recombination process that scatters an Auger electron into the conduction band. The Auger effect destroys the radiative trion transition and leaves the quantum dot empty until an electron tunnels from the reservoir into the dot. The combination of an Auger recombination event with subsequent electron tunneling from the reservoir can flip the electron spin and thus constitutes another mechanism that limits the spin lifetime.
Wind power forecasting based on SCINet, reversible instance normalization, and knowledge distillation
Authors: Gong Mingju , Li Wenxiang , Yan Changcheng , Liu Yan , Li Sheng , Zhao Zhixuan , Xu Wei
Published: October 2023

Wind energy plays a crucial role as a clean energy source in the electricity system. The unpredictability of wind power makes it more challenging to put into use in comparison to thermal power generation. Accurate wind power prediction algorithms are of great importance for allocation and deployment of wind power. In this paper, a novel time-series forecasting model, SCINet, is used for short-term wind power forecasting and achieves high forecasting accuracy. Furthermore, the addition of reversible instance normalization (RevIN) to SCINet effectively alleviates the shift problem that arises in time series forecasting tasks. This enhancement further improves the model's forecasting ability. Finally, this paper uses knowledge distillation to get a small model that could speed up the computing and save memory resources. The source code is available at https://github.com/raspnew/WPF.git.
Grain refinement in solidification of undercooled Fe2B intermetallic compound alloy
Authors: Ma Changsong , Yang Lin , Li Jinfu
Published: October 2023

Spontaneous grain refinement widely occurs in solidification of highly undercooled solid solution alloys, but the case in stoichiometric intermetallic compound alloys is seldom concerned. In this paper, Fe2B alloy was undercooled up to 336 K to investigate the solidification structure’s evolution with undercooling. It is shown that the equilibrium peritectic reaction L + FeB → Fe2B is completely suppressed and there is only an Fe2B phase to solidify at various undercoolings. As the undercooling increases, Fe2B crystals change from a faceted into non-faceted morphology, and grain refinement takes place from 48 K undercooling until a fully refined solidification structure is obtained above 92 K undercooling. When the sample solidified at a large undercooling is immediately annealed at high temperature, the grains are coarsened quickly. In combination with the electron backscattered diffraction and transmission electron microscopy analysis results, it is suggested that the solidification stress-induced recrystallization triggers the grain refinement in Fe2B alloy.
Ultra-broadband acoustic absorption with inhomogeneous high-order Fabry–Pérot resonances
Authors: Liu Chongrui , Yang Zhengrui , Liu Xiaoli , Wu Jiu Hui , Ma Fuyin
Published: October 2023

We present an ultra-broadband acoustic metamaterial with inhomogeneous high-order Fabry–Pérot (FP) resonances that achieves near-perfect continuous absorption in the range of 400–10000 Hz. The unit is composed of multiple FP channels with inhomogeneous cross-sectional areas, allowing for flexible adjustment of the impedance characteristics of each channel. This approach prevents the high-order peaks’ resistances from increasing rapidly and ensures a smooth resistance characteristic across a broad frequency range. As a result, the absorption performance in the high-frequency range above 3000 Hz can be significantly enhanced, eliminating the need for conventional porous materials. The inhomogeneous high-order absorption mechanism is investigated thoroughly by theoretical calculations and finite element simulations. By critically coupling the FP channels, a 27-cell broadband metamaterial is obtained with an average absorption coefficient above 90% over 400–10000 Hz, which is verified by experiments in a square impedance tube and an alpha-cabin reverberation room, respectively. Characterized by its extraordinary performance and easy-fabricated structure, this metamaterial has great potential in noise control engineering applications, especially in environments with low temperature, high humidity, or significant dustiness.
MHC class Ib–restricted CD8
+
T cells possess strong tumoricidal activities
Authors: Li Qing , Lin Liangyu , Shou Peishun , Liu Keli , Xue Yueqing , Hu Mingyuan , Ling Weifang , Huang Yin , Du Liming , Zheng Chunxing , Wang Xuefeng , Zheng Fanjun , Zhang Tao , Wang Yu , Shao Changshun , Melino Gerry , Shi Yufang , Wang Ying
Published: October 2023

The importance of classical CD8
+
T cells in tumor eradication is well acknowledged. However, the anti-tumor activity of MHC (major histocompatibility complex) Ib-restricted CD8
+
T (Ib-CD8
+
T) cells remains obscure. Here, we show that CX3CR1-expressing Ib-CD8
+
T cells (Ib-restricted CD8
+
T cells) highly express cytotoxic factors, austerely resist exhaustion, and effectively eliminate various tumors. These Ib-CD8
+
T cells can be primed by MHC Ia (MHC class Ia molecules) expressed on various cell types for optimal activation in a Tbet-dependent manner. Importantly, MHC Ia does not allogeneically activate Ib-CD8
+
T cells, rather, sensitizes these cells for T cell receptor activation. Such effects were observed when MHC Ia
+
cells were administered to tumor-bearing K
b−/−
D
b−/−
mice. A similar population of tumoricidal CX3CR1
+
CD8
+
T cells was identified in wild-type mice and melanoma patients. Adoptive transfer of Ib-CD8
+
T cells to wild-type mice inhibited tumor progression without damaging normal tissues. Taken together, we demonstrate that MHC class Ia can prime Ib-CD8
+
T cells for robust tumoricidal activities.
How contact can promote societal change amid conflict: An intergroup contact field experiment in Nigeria
Authors: Grady Christopher , Wolfe Rebecca , Dawop Danjuma , Inks Lisa
Published: October 2023

Intergroup contact, originally designed as a tool for prejudice reduction, offers a promising means to resolve intergroup conflict. Evidence for contact-based interventions to improve intergroup relations is sparse, however, with most studies focusing only on the individuals who directly engage in contact. We test the ability of a contact-based intervention to promote peace between conflicting groups with a field experiment in Nigeria, where farmer and pastoralist communities are embroiled in a deadly conflict over land use. We examine the effectiveness of the contact intervention on the wider population—not just those directly engaged in contact—using surveys, direct observation of behavior in markets and social events, and a behavioral game. We find those who lived in the communities that received the intervention had more positive intergroup attitudes and feelings of physical security, as well as were more likely to engage in voluntary intergroup contact measured through self-reports and observed behavior in markets. Exploratory analyses show that those who directly participated in the program and those who were exposed to it by living in the communities where activities were taking place changed similarly with regard to attitudes and perceptions of security, but not with regard to behaviors, indicating the spread to the wider community was likely due to norm change. These results suggest that contact interventions can have wider societal change and reduce the barriers to peace between conflicting groups.
Neuronal cadherins: The keys that unlock layer-specific astrocyte identity?
Authors: Jetter Haley , Ackerman Sarah D.
Published: October 2023

An astrocyte’s intricate morphology is essential for proper brain function, but the intrinsic and extrinsic cues that set astrocyte morphology are largely unknown. In this issue, Tan et al. (https://doi.org/10.1083/jcb.202303138) show that layer-specific expression of neuronal cadherins locally regulates astrocyte morphogenesis and heterogeneity.
Electronic structure in a transition metal dipnictide TaAs2
Authors: Regmi Sabin , Huang Cheng-Yi , Khan Mojammel A , Wang Baokai , Pradhan Sakhya Anup , Hosen M Mofazzel , Thompson Jesse , Singh Bahadur , Denlinger Jonathan D , Ishigami Masahiro , Mitchell J F , Kaczorowski Dariusz , Bansil Arun , Neupane Madhab
Published: October 2023

The family of transition-metal dipnictides has been of theoretical and experimental interest because this family hosts topological states and extremely large magnetoresistance (MR). Recently,

T
a
A
s

2

, a member of this family, has been predicted to support a topological crystalline insulating state. Here, by using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES), we reveal both closed and open pockets in the metallic Fermi surface (FS) and linearly dispersive bands on the (

2
‾

01

) surface, along with the presence of extreme MR observed from magneto-transport measurements. A comparison of the ARPES results with first-principles computations shows that the linearly dispersive bands on the measured surface of

T
a
A
s

2

are trivial bulk bands. The absence of symmetry-protected surface state on the (

2
‾

01

) surface indicates its topologically dark nature. The presence of open FS features suggests that the open-orbit fermiology could contribute to the extremely large MR of

T
a
A
s

2

.