bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Debatendo a ética na pesquisa com seres humanos por meio de um júri simulado
Authors: Carlesso Janaína Pereira Pretto
Published: February 2020

O presente estudo visa apresentar um debate sobre a ética na pesquisa com seres humanos por meio de um júri simulado. A atividade foi realizada com acadêmicos do curso de Psicologia de uma instituição privada de ensino superior localizada na cidade de Santa Maria-RS. Primeiramente os alunos foram instruídos teoricamente com uma aula expositiva que abordou a ética na pesquisa com seres humanos. Após a etapa da teorização foi proposto aos alunos que assistissem ao filme “A Experiência” (2001). Uma turma de 23 alunos foi dividida de acordo com as funções específicas de cada integrante de um julgamento para realização da atividade. Constatou-se nas argumentações dos alunos a relação da teoria com a prática, como também a postura ética, criatividade e a exposição do senso crítico. Conclui-se que o Júri simulado possibilita a argumentação no contexto da sala de aula, sendo considerado um recurso didático importante e inovador para promover aprendizagens significativas.
Specificity and sensitivity of three PCR-based methods for detection of Erwinia amylovora in pure culture and plant material
Authors: Ivanovic Milan , Kuzmanovic Nemanja , Gasic Katarina , Prokic Andjelka , Zlatkovic Nevena , Obradovic Aleksa
Published: February 2020

Three PCR methods, referred in this study as ?conventional?, ?nested? and
?chromosomal? PCR and suggested for routine detection of Erwinia amylovora
in pure culture and plant material, were evaluated according to their
specificity and sensitivity. Specificity of PCR methods was analyzed by
using 42 strains of E. amylovora, originating from different locations and
plant species, with diverse PFGE profiles, representing distant populations
of the pathogen. Sensitivity of PCR protocols in pure culture was studied by
using nine different concentrations of E. amylovora in sterile ultrapure
water as a template in PCR reactions. In order to study inhibitory effect of
plant DNA and other inhibitors on sensitivity of the three PCR methods
bacterial dilutions were mixed with plant macerate of pear, apple and quince
prior to the PCR reaction. In specificity assays, tested PCR protocols were
able to detect all E. amylovora strains regardless of the host of the
strain, its origin or PFGE group, indicating primer specificity. On the
other hand, sensitivity among tested methods varied, depending on bacterial
concentration and selected plant material used in the PCR. When working with
pure cultures nested PCR showed the greatest sensitivity by detecting 1.9
bacterial cells per PCR reaction, followed by detection limit of 9.5 cells
per PCR reaction with conventional PCR and 1.9?105 cells/PCR reaction with
chromosomal PCR. In spiked samples plant inhibitors either did not affect or
they decreased the sensitivity of the PCR reaction, depending on the
protocol and/or type of plant macerate. In our experiments, inhibitors from
pear and quince macerates did not affect sensitivity of nested PCR, while
apple macerate reduced its sensitivity by a factor of 10. Conventional PCR
protocol was able to detect 95 cells/PCR reaction in pear and apple
macerate, but only 9.5?103 cells/PCR in quince macerate. Greatest decrease
in sensitivity of the PCR method was observed in spiked samples with
chromosomal PCR since bacterial DNA was not detected in each of the spiked
samples. Our research shows that all three PCR protocols are specific for
detection of E. amylovora, but nested PCR proved to be most sensitive when
working with pure cultures and plant material.
Application of SSR markers for assessment of genetic differentiation of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) originating from Javor mountain
Authors: Popovic Vladan , Lucic Aleksandar , Rakonjac Ljubinko , Milovanovic Jelena , Mladenovic-Drinic Snezana , Ristic Danijela
Published: February 2020

The process of plant breeding and conservation of gene pool among other
things depends on the knowledge of the level of genetic differentiation. The
aim of research in this paper was to determine the genetic differentiation
of silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) populations of regular type and atypical
genotypes with pyramidal crown that can be found on Javor mountain, at the
site Ogorijevac. The genetic differentiation of silver fir was determined
using SSR (Simple Sequence Repeat) markers. Nine SSR pairs of primers gave
29 alleles, while the average number of alleles was 3.2. The primer NFH15
gave the smallest number of alleles (two), while the primer SF78 gave the
greatest number of alleles (five). Dice coefficient of the genetic
similarity was used to obtain a dendrogram by UPMGA analysis using NTSYSpc
statistical program. The genetic similarity recorded among the individuals
P1 and P2 was the largest (0.89), while the populations VI and individual P2
showed the lowest similarity (0.61). Based on the cluster analysis it can
be concluded that the studied populations and genotypes of silver fir with
different types of crown are clearly differentiated. The basic insight into
the level of the genetic diversity of the natural populations of silver fir
with the various types of crown has been provided using selected SSR
markers. The obtained results can be used for creating further strategy for
the conservation of the available gene pool and the regeneration of silver
fir forests in Serbia.
Association of rheumatoid arthritis according to the degree of genetic homozygosity and gender: Pilot study
Authors: Cvjeticanin Suzana , Terzic Milan , Nikolic Dejan
Published: February 2020

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic synovial inflammatory autoimmune
disease with multifactorial origin. With epigenetic and genetic mechanisms
playing a role in the development of RA, the aim of our study was to
evaluate the anthropogenetic variability in tested individuals that were
diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis, and the possible influence of gender in
expression of illness. 100 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and 100
healthy control individuals were evaluated. For the estimation of the degree
of recessive homozygosity, the homozygously recessive characteristics (HRC)
test was performed testing 20 HRCs. There was a significant difference in
the individual variations of 20 HRCs between the individuals of the control
group and patients with RA (SX2=135.191; p<0.001). The mean values of the
tested HRCs significantly differed between individuals of the control group
and RA group (MV?SDControl group-5.97?2.02, MV?SDRA group-7.34?2.00,
p=<0.001). There was a decrease in variability in the RA group versus the
control group (VRA group=27.19%; VControl group=33.79%).There was
significant difference in the frequencies of HRCs between those with and
without RA in males (p<0.023) and in females (p<0.001). Our findings pointed
to the higher degree of recessive homozygosity along with decreased
variability in RA patients compared to a healthy control group. Therefore,
it may be assumed that different genes in different proportions have certain
influence in the processes responsible for RA susceptibility and its
different degrees of expression.
Variability of needle morpho-anatomy of natural Pinus heldreichii populations from Scardo-Pindic mountains
Authors: Nikolic Biljana , Mitic Zorica , Bojovic Srdjan , Matevski Vlado , Krivosej Zoran , Marin Petar
Published: February 2020

Eight morpho-anatomical properties of two-year-old needles of Pinus
heldreichii (Bosnian pine) from the Scardo-Pindic mountain massif in Serbia
(Kosovo, Mt. Osljak) and North Macedonia (Mt. Galicica) were investigated.
All measured characteristics, except for needle length, were inspected on
mid-needle cross-section. Cross-sections were obtained with razorblade,
while measurements were performed with Leica-Gallen III light microscope.
The mean values of the analyzed characters were as follows: 5.91 cm (needle
length), 1.35 mm (needle width), 0.85 mm (needle thickness), 25.05 ?m
(cuticle + epidermis thickness), 69.90 ?m (height of hypodermal cells),
21.76 ?m (resin duct diameter), 3.4 (number of hypodermis layers), and 3.6
(number of resin ducts). P. heldreichii needles also had 2-5 hypodermis
layers and 0-12 resin ducts. The highest variation was in the number of
resin ducts (CV=27%). In comparison with previously investigated needles
from the Dinaric mountains, P. heldreichii needles from the Scardo-Pindic
massif were shorter and had a thicker layer of hypodermis. PCA and CA
visualize partial segregation of P. heldreichii populations between the two
mountain massifs.
Variation of spike index of cereal and index of pea pods in monocrops and intercrops system of cultivation
Authors: Grcak Milosav , Grcak Dragan , Jevtic Radivoje , Lalosevic Mirjana , Kondic Danijela , Zivic Jelica , Knezevic Desimir
Published: February 2020

Parameters of plant productive organs (spike, pod etc.) are influenced by
genotype of plant species and scientific technology farming measures as well
environmental conditions. The aim of this study was to establish variability
of spike harvest index for wheat, triticale, rye, oat and pea pods index,
influenced by monocrops and intercrops system of cultivation. Four cereal
species: wheat, triticale, rye and oat and one legume (pea) were included in
investigation that carried out on field experimental conditions during one
vegetation season. Each species were sown in monocrops and in intercrops
wheat + pea, triticale + pea, rye + pea and oat + pea. Harvest index of
spike variate between 65.2% (triticale intercrops) and 86.5% (oat solo). The
values of spike weight and seed weight was different among the cereal
species and higher in intercrops than in monocrop system of cultivation.
However, only for rye in mixture with pea, harvest index (78.8%) was higher
than in monocrops of rye (77.0%). Harvest index of pod variate in ratio
50.3% (pea solo) and 69.5% (in intercrops pea + rye). The values of pod
weight and seed weight pod-1 was different and higher in intercrops than in
monocrops system of cultivation. Harvest pod index of peas was significantly
higher in mixture with each small grains species genotypes than in pea?s
monocrops. On the base of result we can conclude that intercropping cereals
+ peas, have positive effect on spike and pod characteristics which values
were higher in intercrops than in monocrops.
Morphological characteristics of alfalfa genotypes tolerant to low soil pH
Authors: Lakic Zeljko , Antic Marina , Djurdjic Igor , Popovic Vera
Published: February 2020

In total 76 varieties of alfalfa were collected and sown and 41 alfalfa
genotypes showed tolerances to lower soil pH. The selected alfalfa genotypes
are then sown in a test field on the soil that belongs to the type of brown
soil on the gravel or the cambisol with the soil pH from 5.33 to 5.64. After
5 years, 10 genotypes were selected based on the agronomic properties and
the experiment was set up on the soil with the pH from 5.0 to 5.1 in H2O.
The following genotypes were used for these tests: G-2, G-11, G-19, G-34,
G-39, G-44, G-48, G-51, G-53 and G-100. The following properties were
observed: plant height (cm), number of stems per plant, stem thickness (mm),
number of internodes per stem, leaf/stem ratio (%), yield of biomass in the
I cut (g plant-1). During these tests, the highest degree of tolerance
towards the lower soil pH was shown by the genotype G-44. Good results were
achieved with alfalfa genotypes G-11 and G-48 where the percentage of
survivors was over 80%. The highest average plant height during the
three-year study (36.9 cm) was recorded in the genotype G-100. The high and
stable yield of dry mass per plant have genotypes G-44 and G-19 and they are
grouped in group I and are desirable for further breeding. Genotype and year
have statistically significant and highly significant influence on the
tested parameters, while the significance of the interaction of the genotype
x year was determined only for the thickness of the stem.
Epigenetics in disease etiopathogenesis
Authors: Glavaski Mila , Stankov Karmen
Published: February 2020

The term epigenetics refers to heritable changes in gene expression that are
not caused by modifications in DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are DNA
methylation, histone modifications, nucleosome positioning, and non-coding
RNA (including microRNA) mediated modifications. Epigenetic mechanisms are
involved in malignant diseases, imprinting defects, and some hereditary
diseases. Recent research explained the role of epigenetic disorders in
infections, autoimmune, neurodegenerative and bone diseases, as well as in
psoriasis, endometriosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Epigenetic
modifications have a potential clinical application as diagnostic and
prognostic biomarkers, and also as therapeutic targets in oncology,
endocrinology, cardiology, and neuropsychiatry. Stress, anxiety, depression,
emotions and many other psychological factors may affect epigenetic
mechanisms. Influence of preconception parental stress exposure transmits to
the next generation through epigenetic changes, as direct results of
prenatal and postnatal environmental factors. Epigenetic changes identify
environmental factors which affect health and cause disease onset. Milk is
the sophisticated system of communication between mother and infant,
operating via epigenetic mechanisms. Lifelong consumption of bovine milk
causes epigenetic disorders. Recent studies provide important information
about the role of bioactive dietary nutrients which modify epigenome in
malignancy prevention and therapy. Any interruption in the balance of
intestinal microbiota initiates aberrant epigenetic modifications.
Epigenetic patterns act as the ?molecular watches? and they play the central
role in the establishment of biological rhythms. Epigenetic mechanisms can
determine the result of assisted reproductive technology and genetic
engineering. The extensive research about the association of epigenetics and
pharmacology led to the development of pharmacoepigenetics. All these
results emphasize the importance of further research which will take into
account all factors that may affect epigenetic mechanisms.
Performance of solar hot-water installations from roof-constructed solar collectors integrated with a central heating supply for tobacco curing
Authors: Wang Jianan , Wei Fengjie , Duan Weidong , Zhang Yonghui , Fan Yikuan , Song Zhaopeng
Published: February 2020

In view of the abundant solar energy available during the tobacco curing season, a solar hot-water installation to provide auxiliary heating for bulk tobacco-curing operations was developed, based on the original concept of a boiler-driven central heating supply that transported hot water over short distances by pipeline, using solar collectors connected in parallel and installed on the unoccupied flat roofs of 20 curing barns. The results showed that daily solar conversion efficiency ranged from 65% to 67%. During the tobacco curing period from 10:00 hours to 14:00 hours each day, in sunny or partly cloudy weather, heating water temperatures exceeding 75?C were automatically derived for use in the bulk curing barns needed. Use of solar energy as a substitute for coal fuel in tobacco curing, in conjunction with precise automatic control, enabled solar energy to account for 18.4% of the total curing energy consumption in this study. Through comparative analysis, the use of solar hot-water installations can help the local tobacco industry to reduce absolute carbon emissions by more than 10% at the experimental location in the pay-back period.
Molecules and functions of rosewood: Pterocarpus indicus
Authors: Yang Jun , Chen Juntao , Bi Huitao , Gu Haiping , Liu Zhenling , Peng Wanxi
Published: February 2020

Pterocarpus indicus was extracted by three organic solvents: ethanol, ethanol/ benzene (1:2), and ethanol/methanol (1:1). The extracts was analyzed by FT-IR, GC-MS, TG, Py-GC-MS, and TDS-GC-MS. Abundant bioactive ingredients in the Pterocarpus indicus extracts included alkanes, phenols, alcohols, esters, carboxylates, alkenes, acids, and aromatic compounds. The main active ingredients was Cinnamaldehyde, (E)-.This study of the chemical composition of Pterocarpus indicus provides a scientific basis for the development and utilization of the plant, with potential applications in the fields of biomedicine, the chemical industry, cosmetics, skin care products, and spices.
Comparison of dimensions and volume of upper airway before and after mini-implant assisted rapid maxillary expansion
Authors: Li Qiming , Tang Hongyi , Liu Xueye , Luo Qing , Jiang Zhe , Martin Domingo , Guo Jing
Published: February 2020

Objectives

To evaluate changes in dimensions and volume of upper airway before and after mini-implant assisted rapid maxillary expansion (MARME) and observe correlations between changes of upper airway and vertical skeletal pattern in young adults.

Materials and Methods

In this retrospective study, 22 patients (mean age, 22.6 ± 4.5 years; 4 male 18 female) with transverse discrepancy underwent MARME. Cone beam computed tomography was taken before and 3 months after expansion. Vertical and horizontal dimensions and volume of the nasal cavity, nasopharyngeal, retropalatal, retroglossal and hypopharyngeal airway were compared before and after MARME. Correlations between changed volume and dimensions were explored, as well as the vertical skeletal pattern.

Results

Nasal osseous width, maxillary width, volume of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx increased significantly (P < .05). Enlarged nasopharyngeal volume correlated with increased nasal width at the PNS plane (P < .05). There were no correlations between expanded volume and maxillary width. No measurements except nasal cavity volume had a correlation with Sum angle. Increased maxillary width correlated negatively with hard palate thickness (P < .05).

Conclusions

(1) MARME caused an increase in volume of the nasal cavity and nasopharynx, with expansion of nasal osseous width and maxillary width. (2) Enlarged nasal width at the PNS plane contributed to the increase in nasopharynx volume. Enlarged maxillary width showed no direct relation with increased volume. (3) In this study, it was unclear about the association between changes of the upper airway and vertical skeletal pattern because of complex structures. (4) Palate thickness affected skeletal expansion of the maxilla in MARME.
Gestión del capital estructural organizativo en instituciones educativas: caso del CUValles, Jalisco
Authors: Gutiérrez Olvera Sandra
Published: February 2020

En la actualidad, las instituciones educativas afrontan desafíos que exigen de manera apremiante la identificación y medición de intangibles, con un enfoque especial en la gestión del capital intelectual, compuesto por el capital estructural, humano y relacional. El propósito de este estudio corresponde a la medición del capital estructural del Centro Universitario de los Valles (CUValles), institución de educación superior. Se utilizó como método básico el estudio de caso. Esto con la finalidad de medir intangibles que normalmente no son medidos, e identificar las fortalezas y debilidades del capital estructural del CUValles. Los resultados permitieron analizar en general el capital estructural, lo cual reflejó particularidades de dicha institución educativa y de su dinámica. Y también se pudo apreciar que el capital estructural representa una fortaleza del CUValles; muestra de ello se da en la sólida infraestructura tecnológica, los avances en innovación de productos y servicios, así como su constante fortalecimiento en el área de investigación y desarrollo.
PERAN PEMERINTAH DALAM PEMBERDAYAAN PEREMPUAN MELALUI CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY (CSR)
Authors: Mariane Ine -
Published: February 2020

Penelitian ini adalah bagian dari penelitian yang bertujuan menganalisis bagaimana peran pemerintah dalam pelaksanaan Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) untuk pemberdayaan perempuan yang berkelanjutan oleh PT. Telkom, Indonesia Tbk di Kecamatan Kiaracondong Kota Bandung. Penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Informan dipilih secara purposive yang meliputi perwakilan perusahaan, masyarakat penerima program, dan aparat pemerintah lokal. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui serangkaian wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan dan studi dokumentasi. Penelitian menemukan bahwa pemerintah belum sepenuhnya melaksanakan perannya dalam pelaksanaan CSR untuk pemberdayaan perempuan sehingga dari pelaksanaannya belum menunjukkan keberhasilan dan berdampak pada manfaat yang dirasakan oleh masyarakat yang tercermin pada empowerment index. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian direkomendasikan agar pemerintah mewujudkan networking government.
Analisis Framing Tentang Wacana Terorisme di Media Massa (Majalah Sabili)
Authors: Hanifah Ummy
Published: February 2020

Mass media has an important role in delivering information and entertainment to their publics. Media is not fully being neutral. Mass media represent certain interest whether economy, politic, culture, ideology nor religion. By using the theory contentâ€™s media from Shoemaker and Reese, there are many factors that influence the mediaâ€™s content: the journalist, ideology, routine, owner, etc. According to theory making news production, news is not selectet but it is formed. The journalist made the event which one has news value and not. Sabili is the object of this study. This article wants to examine how media (Sabili) contructed terrorism issue to its public. Framing analysis is a technic to know how media (Sabili) contructed terrorism. And also framing can show the readers media bias. Researcher used qualitative method and framing analysis from Robert N Entman for the text. The framing analysis framework consisting of definig problems, causeâ€™s diagnosis, make judgementâ€™s moral and treatment recommendation. The result of this study addressed that Sabili was constructed the the police as actor and moslems activist as victim. And from the text Sabili supported to moslems activist and there is media bias. And also there is partisanship from Sabili to moslem activist.

 

Media massa memiliki peran penting dalam menyampaikan informasi dan hiburan kepada public. Media tidak sepenuhnya bersikap netral. Media massa mewakili kepentingan tertentu entah itu ekonomi, ideologi, budaya bahkan agama. Dengan menggunakan teori dari Shoemaker dan Reese, terdapat banyak factor yang mempengaruhi isi media diantaranya ialah jurnalis, ideologi, rutinitas, pemilik dan lain-lain. Menurut pandangan pembentukan berita, berita merupakan hasil pembentukan bukan pemilihan. Wartawan yang menentukan suatu peristiwa memiliki nilai berita atau tidak. Dalam penelitian ini Sabili ialah obyek dalam penelitian. Artikel ini berupaya melihat bagaimana media dalam hal ini Sabili mengkonstruksikan terorisme dan juga pembingkaian dapat menunjukkan kepada pembaca bias media. Peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan menggunakan analisis framing dari Robert N. Entman untuk menguji teks. Kerangka analisis framing yang terdiri dari defining problems, cause diagnosis, make is judgementâ€™s moral and treatment recommendation. Hasil dari studi ini menunjukkan bagaimana Sabili mengkonstruksikan Polisi sebagai actor (pelaku) dan kaum aktivis muslim sebagai korban. Selain itu juga ada keberpihakan Sabili dalam pemberitaan yang disampaikan.
Pendekatan intercultural communication pada public relations PT Santos dalam membangun komunikasi empati
Authors: Yayu Neng , Anisti Anisti , Hidayat Dasrun , Suhadi Mahardiansyah
Published: February 2020

Fenomena yang diteliti tentang komunikasi yang dibangun oleh public relations PT Santos. Pada praktiknya komunikasi tidak berjalan baik sehingga diperlukan pendekatan khusus. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pendekatan komunikasi antara public relations Santos dengan masyarakat Gili Genting Madura Provinsi Jawa Timur. Untuk menemukan tujuan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan metode kualitatif dengan studi etnografi public relations. Studi ini berfokus pada perilaku komunikasi untuk membangun hubungan. Dalam hal ini adalah komunikasi empati public relations dalam membangun hubungan dengan masyarakat Gili Genting. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan wawancara mendalam yang melibatkan delapan orang informan. Adapun teori yang digunakan yaitu teori public relations budaya, komunikasi empati dan manajemen hubungan. Hasil penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa pendekatan komunikasi empati public relations PT Santos, dipengaruhi oleh budaya lokal. Budaya sebagai konteks komunikasi untuk memahami situasi masyarakat setempat. Hal ini dilakukan melalui kegiatan analisis situasi. Selanjutnya, public relations membuat perencanaan komunikasi meliputi pembuatan program, sosialisasi program, dan evaluasi program. Pendekatan yang dilakukan melalui keterlibatan secara langsung dengan kegiatan masyaraat. Public Relations menyesuaikan diri, melakukan adaptasi dengan lingkungan setempat. Penyesuaian meliputi bahasa dan gaya berpakaian. Hal ini sangat membantu perolehan data yang dapat dijadikan sebagai dasar pembuatan dan sosialisasi program. Keterlibatan diri dengan menposisikan sebagai anggota masyarakat setempat merupakan bagian dari upaya komunikasi empati yang dibangun oleh public relations. Komunikasi ini dilandasi oleh rasa percaya dan keterbukaan sehingga dapat membangun relasi budaya.
Análise microbiológica em goma de tapioca industrializada
Authors: Shinohara Neide Kazue Sakugawa , Padilha Maria do Rósario de Fátima , Macêdo Indira Maria Estolano , Nascimento Kessia Catarina Barboza de Lima , Campos Mario Vila Nova , Campos Carine Ádila Cunha Melo
Published: February 2020

A goma de tapioca, derivado da mandioca é um produto isento de glúten, culturalmente há grande consumo no Nordeste brasileiro e tem aumentado junto a outras regiões brasileiras. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os parâmetros de qualidade das gomas de tapioca comercializadas na Região Metropolitana do Recife/PE. Foram adquiridas 16 amostras de goma de tapioca em supermercados e realizados os ensaios para detecção de coliforme termotolerante; Bacillus cereus; Salmonella sp.; Contagem Total de Mesófilos; Bolores e Leveduras e Bactérias Láticas. Do total, três amostras apresentaram coliforme termotolerante, onde foram encontrados valores acima da concentração permitida para comercialização. Quanto aos outros patógenos investigados, todas as amostras de gomas apresentaram conformidade dentro de parâmetros previstos em lei. Um achado interessante foi à presença de bactérias láticas em todas as amostras, porque o crescimento deste microrganismo favorece a conservação da goma de tapioca, pela habilidade em produzir ácido láctico, composto que inibe o crescimento da microbiota acompanhante, dentre estes os microrganismos patogênicos.
Conjunction of Local and Global Processes Towards Qualitative Integrated Urban Development of Danube Region
Authors: Ralevic Miodrag , Mrdjenovic Tatjana , Muminović Esad
Published: February 2020

We are witnesses of continuous and turbulent complexity process of urban development at every spatial level. The presence of information and communication technologies in every aspect of our life leads to the fact that there is no more “delay” in between global and local changes. This conjunction changes the paradigm of urban development, which is now in networking, communication and integration. This paper discusses these relations described as hypothesis within Castells’ paradigm of network society and project identity that should be developed on local level in order to be a part of – a node of global network, and to survive and develop its potentialities and capacities. This paradigm is discussed in relation to C. Alexander’s, E. Howard’s, and P. Geeds’ approach in order to define principles and steps of integration of different spatial levels toward more coherent, harmonized urban development. The research applies theoretical approaches of networking towards integrated development of Danube region.
Lower Extremity Stiffness in Collegiate Distance Runners Pre- and Post-Competition
Authors: Tavernite Jake P. , Moran Matthew F.
Published: February 2020

Previous evidence has suggested that there is a relationship between leg stiffness and improved running performance. The purpose of this investigation was to determine how leg stiffness of runners was influenced in the 24 and 48 hour period following a cross country race. Twenty-two collegiate cross-country runners (13 males, 9 females, 19.5 ± 1.4 yr) were recruited and participated in the study. Leg stiffness was assessed 24 hours before and after a race as well as 48 hours post-race. Three jumping protocols were conducted: 1) a static jump, 2) a countermovement jump, and 3) a vertical hopping test. Two embedded force plates (1000 Hz) were utilized to measure ground reaction forces for each test and a metronome was utilized to maintain hopping frequency (2.2 Hz). A significant main effect was found for a static jump, a countermovement jump and leg stiffness. Leg stiffness was significantly reduced 24 hours post-race (pre-race 36.84 kN·m-1, 24h post 33.11 kN·m-1, p < 0.05), but not 48 hours post-race (36.30 kN·m-1). No significant differences were found in post-hoc analysis for the squat jump, countermovement jump height and the eccentric utilization ratio. Following a cross-country race, leg stiffness significantly declined in a group of collegiate runners in the immediate 24 hours post-race, but returned to baseline 48 hours post-race. Sport scientists and running coaches may be able to monitor leg stiffness as a metric to properly prescribe training regiments.
Roller Massage: Comparing the Immediate Post‐Treatment Effects Between an Instructional Video and a Self‐Preferred Program Using Two Different Density‐Type Roller Balls
Authors: Cheatham Scott W. , Stull Kyle R. , Batts Wendy N. , Ambler-Wright Tony
Published: February 2020

The aims of this study were to (1) compare the immediate post-treatment effects of an instructional video versus a self-preferred program on the hip range of motion and a pressure pain threshold using two different density roller balls, and (2) compare the effects of the two roller balls on those variables. Forty adults were randomly allocated into four groups: (1) MB1-video, (2) MB1-self-preferred, (3) MBX-video, and (4) MBX-self-preferred. Participants followed a video or a self-preferred program using either a moderate (MB1) or a hard (MBX) density ball. Main outcomes were passive hip internal rotation, external rotation, and a pressure pain threshold. For MB1, the video produced greater outcomes than the self-program for external rotation (10◦ versus 2◦), internal rotation (7◦ versus 2◦), and the pain threshold (210 kPa versus 44 kPa). For MBX, the video produced greater outcomes than the self-program for external rotation (8◦ versus 1◦), internal rotation (5◦ versus 1◦), and the pain threshold (184 kPa versus 30 kPa). When comparing roller balls, the MB1 produced greater outcomes than the MBX for external rotation (10◦ versus 8◦), internal rotation (7◦ versus 5◦), and the pain threshold (210 kPa versus 184 kPa) with the video. For the self-preferred program, the MB1 produced greater outcomes for external rotation (2◦ versus 1◦), internal rotation (2◦ versus 1◦), and the pain threshold (44 kPa versus 30 kPa). The instructional video and a moderate density ball produced greater immediate post-treatment outcomes than the self-program and a hard density ball. Professionals should consider using the video to teach technique and match clients to a specific density-type roller ball.
Effect of an Inside Floater on Soccer Players Tactical Behaviour in Small Sided and Conditioned Games
Authors: Moniz Felipe , Scaglia Alcides , Sarmento Hugo , García-Calvo Tomás , Teoldo Israel
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to verify the effect of an inside floater on soccer players’ tactical behaviour in small-sided and conditioned games (SSCGs). The sample comprised 54 Brazilian top-level academy players. The instrument used to assess players’ tactical behaviour was the System of Tactical Assessment in Soccer (FUT-SAT). Tactical behaviour was analysed through the number of tactical actions and the percentage of correct actions regarding the core tactical principles of soccer. Repeated measures test was used to compare tactical behaviour between games (SSCGs) with and without an inside floater. Pearson’s r was used to verify the effect size of the inside floater on tactical behaviour. As for tactical actions, SSCGs with an inside floater displayed significantly lower means for the tactical principles of penetration (2.76 ± 1.63; p < .001), delay (6.11 ± 2.68; p < .018), defensive coverage (1.64 ± 1.14; p < .001) and significantly higher means for the tactical principle of defensive unity (14.98 ± 4.57; p < .032). With respect to the percentage of correct actions, SSCGs with an inside floater displayed significantly lower means for all tactical principles, except for offensive coverage (90.5 ± 18.48; p < 1.000). It was concluded that the inside floater allowed players to modify their behaviour in such a way that they adapted to the constraints imposed by the presence of an inside floater. Furthermore, the inside floater provided more difficulty for players, and thus may be considered an important task constraint to be added in SSCGs.
Analysis of Goal Scoring Patterns in the 2018 FIFA World Cup
Authors: Kubayi Alliance
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to analyse the goal scoring patterns during the 2018 FIFA World Cup. All goals scored during the tournament were analysed using the InStat video analysis system. The results showed that 169 goals (open play: 60.9%; set play: 39.1%) were scored during the competition. While 85 goals (82.5%) were scored from elaborate attacks, 18 goals (17.5%) came from counter attacks. A chi-square test indicated that there was a significant difference in the type of possession (χ2 (1, n = 103) = 43.58, p = 0.00). The highest number of goals was yielded from the final third (35%) as compared to the first (33%) and middle (32%) thirds. The results also indicated that most goals accounted from short passes (69.9%), while 13.6% of goals came from long passes and 16.5% from mixed passes (χ2 (2, n = 103) = 62.12, p = 0.00). Soccer coaches should incorporate set pieces in their training sessions in view to improve goal-scoring opportunities.
The Effectiveness of a Dry-Land Shoulder Rotators Strength Training Program in Injury Prevention in Competitive Swimmers
Authors: Batalha Nuno , Paixão Carlos , Silva António José , Costa Mário J. , Mullen John , Barbosa Tiago M.
Published: February 2020

Competitive swimmers usually undergo large mileage of daily training, in which propulsive force is produced mainly by the upper limbs. Some studies claim that dry-land shoulder rotators injury prevention programs before the in-water swim practice are paramount. However, the effect of shoulder strengthening prior to water training is unclear. This study aimed to analyse the acute effects of training programs conducted on dry land with the goal of preventing shoulder rotators injuries. A group of young swimmers (N = 23) was recruited to participate in this research. The peak torques of shoulder internal and external rotators were assessed before and after the completion of the compensatory strength training program. The isokinetic assessment was performed using two different protocols: 3 repetitions at 60⍛/s and 20 repetitions at 180⍛/s. Except for a trivial reduction in strength after the training program, there were no other significant differences in any of the studied variables (shoulders rotators endurance, strength and muscle balance). All results showed trivial to small effect sizes. Our findings suggest that a compensatory strength training program does not have a significant acute effect on the strength, endurance and muscle balance of shoulder rotators in young swimmers.
Intra-Trial Reliability and Usefulness of Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull Testing on Portable Force Plates
Authors: Keogh Ciarán , Collins D.J. , Warrington Giles , Comyns Tom
Published: February 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the intra-trial reliability and usefulness of portable force plates and a customised Isometric Mid-Thigh Pull rig. Twenty males (age: 24.1 ± 2.5 years, body height: 177.7 ± 0.09 cm, body mass: 88.4 ± 17.9 kg) with weightlifting experience ± 12 months attended 1 familiarisation session and 1 testing session where 4 isometric mid-thigh pulls were performed. Maximum force, absolute peak force (PF), relative PF, allometrically scaled PF, and force (150, 200, 250 ms) were deemed reliable (ICC ≥ 0.91 and CV ≤ 9.8%) based on predetermined criteria (ICC ≥ 0.8 and CV ≤ 10%). The impulse and the rate of force development (RFD) were deemed unreliable (ICC ≤ 0.91 and CV ≥ 10 %) at all time points. Maximum force, absolute PF, relative PF to body weight and body mass, rand allometrically scaled PF, had a typical error (TE) lower than the smallest worthwhile change small effect (SWC0.2) and moderate effect (SWC0.5) and were rated as good with regard to usefulness. The TE for force at selected time points (150, 200, 250 ms) was also higher than the SWC0.2, achieving a rating of marginal, but TE was higher than SWC0.5, achieving a rating of good with regard to usefulness. Portable force plates and customised rigs can reliably determine peak force and force output at different time points and for detecting the SWC in maximum and absolute force measures, greater familiarisation may be required to establish reliability of other variables such as the impulse and the RFD.
Jumping-based Asymmetries are Negatively Associated with Jump, Change of Direction, and Repeated Sprint Performance, but not Linear Speed, in Adolescent Handball Athletes
Authors: Madruga-Parera Marc , Bishop Chris , Read Paul , Lake Jason , Brazier Jon , Romero-Rodriguez Daniel
Published: February 2020

The aim of the present study was to determine the association of multi-directional jumping asymmetries with measures of physical performance. Forty-two youth handball athletes (age: 16.0 ± 1.3 years; body height: 174.11 ± 7.3 cm; body mass: 70.49 ± 13.3 kg) performed a mid-season fitness test battery consisting of single leg countermovement, lateral and broad jump tests, two change of direction speed (CODS) tests, an 8 x 10 m repeated sprint test, and a 20 m sprint. The Kappa coefficient showed only ‘slight’ levels of agreement (K range = -0.05 to 0.15), indicating that asymmetries rarely favoured the same side during each of the jump tests. The single leg countermovement jump showed significantly (p = 0.006) larger asymmetries (11.2 ± 8.4) than the broad jump (6.4 ± 4.6) and significant correlations were present between jumping asymmetries and jump (r = -0.32 to -0.52), CODS (r = 0.31 to 0.32) and repeated sprint (r = 0.35 to 0.40) performance. The findings of the present study highlight the independent nature of jumping asymmetries and associations with measures of physical performance. Practitioners are encouraged to use multiple tests to detect existing side differences and consider appropriate training interventions for the reduction of inter-limb asymmetries.
The EU Concept of the Rule of Law and the Procedures de lege lata and de lege ferenda for its Protection
Authors: Šišková Naděžda
Published: February 2020

The article is dealing with the EU current and future intruments for the protection of the rule of law principles at the level of the European Union. The beginning is dedicated to the EU concept of the rule of law as an integral part of the Common European values and its significant for the smooth functioning of the area of freedom, security and justice. The substantial part of the study is focusing of the analysis of different procedures (infringement, political and administrative), which can be used for the protection of the rule of law principles, including highlighting their certain peculiarities and the limits. The end of the article contains the conclusions about future prospects.
Synergy Between the Natural Gas and RES in Enhancement of Security of Energy Supply in the Baltic Countries (Problem Statement)
Authors: Savickis J. , Zeltins N. , Jansons L.
Published: February 2020

Although the natural gas and renewable energy sources are two significant elements of the Baltic primary energy mix both today and in foreseeable future, the competitive edge of their usage often prevails over possibilities of mutually beneficial coexistence. Universally both forms of energy are often described as key elements of a transition to a cleaner and more secure energy future (low-carbon economy), but regionally much of the current discourse considers each in isolation or concentrates on the competitive impacts of one on the other. The paper outlines several potential avenues and further research trends of synergies between the natural gas, a proven fast-reacting fossil fuel, and RES as seen from viewpoints of the Baltic energy sector sustainability and security of energy supply.
Economical Valuation of Wave Power Plant in the Baltic Sea Region at Pre-Flexibility Stage
Authors: Berins J. , Petrichenko L.
Published: February 2020

The article deals with free surface gravity waves as one of the alternative energy sources and their use. The potential of the waves and their transformation devices are considered as the main energy use impact factors. The goal of the research is to perform a cost-benefit assessment. The following tasks have been set: to make an assessment of wave potential, to identify the conversion model and turbine, to determine economic criteria taking into account wave and price variability. The article also provides the description of the theoretical valuation of the costs of the mentioned turbine power plant.
Paraffin Permeability of Synthetic Gypsum Binders Modified by Individual Polymers
Authors: Powała K. , Heim D.
Published: February 2020

The paper presents an experimental study of five different gypsum composites taking into account paraffin permeability. The composites consist of synthetic gypsum, paraffin and polymers. The samples were produced from gypsum slurry of mixing ingredients, all in the liquid state. After 7 days of maturing, the condition of the samples was assessed as well as drying time was determined. In the second part, the paraffin tightness of different samples was analysed. The results showed that after three weeks of tests the tightness sample was A4. Other polymers were characterised by lower tightness. The content of polymer had also the effect on the final results, but the direct relation between polymer content and paraffin tightness was not observed.
Using Esports Efficiently to Enhance and Extend Brand Perceptions – A Literature Review
Authors: Gawrysiak Joey , Burton Rick , Jenny Seth , Williams Dylan
Published: February 2020

While discussion and media coverage of esports (i.e., organized competitive video gaming) has dramatically increased since 2016, the use of esports by established consumer brands has not been emphasized in the sport marketing and sponsorship literature. Though appearing in limited sport management research, esports is a non-traditional sport form that generated just under $1.2 billion in revenue as an industry in 2019. However, many non-endemic traditional consumer brands have resisted capitalizing on esports brand-building opportunities. This paper provides a literature review of the past and current esports and sport marketing literature, resulting in the creation of a figure depicting the esports endemic and non-endemic company evolution of esports brand utilization. The evolution of the competitive video game market details how endemic companies are more apt to establish themselves in the esports space before non-endemic companies because of the way that the industry moves and has acceptance by gamers and non-gamers. Marketers and brand managers that have historically employed traditional sports may glean ideas on how to best enhance and extend their brand through the burgeoning esports industry. Moreover, ideas regarding when companies should enter the esports ecosystem is provided.
Airborne Measurement System During Validation of Egnos/Gnss Essential Parameters in Landing
Authors: Fellner Andrzej , Jafernik Henryk
Published: February 2020

The air transport requires certificate of ground and deck devices, systems and adequate procedures. However applied geodetic techniques and measuring technologies depend on taken undertakings. If one should precisely put standard ground systems and the navigational assistance are overbalancing static geodetic techniques and measuring technologies. However operational activity, depending on the phase of the flight a real requires applying geodetic techniques and measuring Jechnologies time”. As part of conducted air tests they made the validation of four fundamental parameters (accuracy, credibility, availability, continuity) of satellite EGNOS, GNSS signals, made as part of European projects: “Support to the EGNOS APV Operational Implementation - APV MIELEC”, air tests enabled to draw right procedures up and to apply satellite signals in the air transport. Details will be presented in the following article.
The role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in patients with pTa non-muscle invasive bladder cancer
Authors: Mártha Orsolya , Balan Daniel , Porav-Hodade Daniel , Drágus Emőke , Vartolomei Mihai Dorin , Chibelean Călin Bogdan , Borda Angela , Pytel Ákos , Vida Olivér Árpád
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The peritumoral inflammatory reaction has a substantial importance in the oncologic outcome of bladder cancer (BC). One biomarker proven to be practical and accessible is the NLR (neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio) for high risk non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC). The aim of the study was to investigate the role of NLR as a prognostic biomarker for disease recurrence, progression and survival of p Ta (pathological assesment of the primary tumor) NMIBC.

Material and Methods: In our retrospective study we included 54 patients with pTa NMIBC from a total of 235 patients who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) during two consecutive years: January 2007 - December 2008 [median follow-up 106 months (interquartile range-IQR 68-116)]. Criteria for inclusion were: primary tumor, low-grade, with NLR available at 2 weeks prior to TURBT. NLR was considered altered if higher than 3.

Results: The median age of the patients included was 63 years (IQR 55 - 72). Most of the patients had NLR---lt---3 (37 patients). Median EORTC (European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer) Recurrence Score was 4 (IQR 1-6), while EORTC Progression Score was 3 (IQR 0-6), respectively. Recurrence occurred in 8 out of 54 (14.81 %) patients and progression was identified in 2 out of 54 (3.70 %) patients with muscle-invasive BC during follow-up. NLR---gt---3 was not associated with clinical and pathological factors. In multivariable Cox regression analyses NLR as a continuous variable was an independent predictive factor for recurrence. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) Kaplan-Meier analysis did not show a statistical significance between NLR groups: 82.67% vs. 64.12%, p=0.26. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed a lower Progression-free survival (PFS) in the NLR---gt---3 group: 94.12% vs. 100%, p=0.04. During follow-up (106 months) 18 patients deceased with no impact of NLR as a prognostic factor in multivariable analyses. Kaplan-Meier overall survival (OS) analysis showed a 10-year OS of 70.27% in the low NLR group compared with 58.82% in the high NLR group, p=0.45.

Conclusion: In this cohort, high NLR was associated with high recurrence rate in patients with Ta NMIBC. In low-risk NMIBC NLR could represent a valid biomarker for clinical usage regarding the intensity of follow-up schedule.