bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A comprehensive comparison of four methods for extracting lipids from Arabidopsis tissues
Authors: Kehelpannala Cheka , Rupasinghe Thusitha W. T. , Hennessy Thomas , Bradley David , Ebert Berit , Roessner Ute
Published: December 2020

Background

The plant lipidome is highly complex, and the composition of lipids in different tissues as well as their specific functions in plant development, growth and stress responses have yet to be fully elucidated. To do this, efficient lipid extraction protocols which deliver target compounds in solution at concentrations adequate for subsequent detection, quantitation and analysis through spectroscopic methods are required. To date, numerous methods are used to extract lipids from plant tissues. However, a comprehensive analysis of the efficiency and reproducibility of these methods to extract multiple lipid classes from diverse tissues of a plant has not been undertaken.

Results

In this study, we report the comparison of four different lipid extraction procedures in order to determine the most effective lipid extraction protocol to extract lipids from different tissues of the model plantArabidopsis thaliana.

Conclusion

While particular methods were best suited to extract different lipid classes from diverse Arabidopsis tissues, overall a single-step extraction method with a 24 h extraction period, which uses a mixture of chloroform, isopropanol, methanol and water, was the most efficient, reproducible and the least labor-intensive to extract a broad range of lipids for untargeted lipidomic analysis of Arabidopsis tissues. This method extracted a broad range of lipids from leaves, stems, siliques, roots, seeds, seedlings and flowers of Arabidopsis. In addition, appropriate methods for targeted lipid analysis of specific lipids from particular Arabidopsis tissues were also identified.
A city-level comparison of fossil-fuel and industry processes-induced CO2 emissions over the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region from eight emission inventories
Authors: Han Pengfei , Zeng Ning , Oda Tomohiro , Zhang Wen , Lin Xiaohui , Liu Di , Cai Qixiang , Ma Xiaolin , Meng Wenjun , Wang Guocheng , Wang Rong , Zheng Bo
Published: December 2020

Background

Quantifying CO2 emissions from cities is of great importance because cities contribute more than 70% of the global total CO2 emissions. As the largest urbanized megalopolis region in northern China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (Jing-Jin-Ji, JJJ) region (population: 112.7 million) is under considerable pressure to reduce carbon emissions. Despite the several emission inventories covering the JJJ region, a comprehensive evaluation of the CO2 emissions at the prefectural city scale in JJJ is still limited, and this information is crucial to implementing mitigation strategies.

Results

Here, we collected and analyzed 8 published emission inventories to assess the emissions and uncertainty at the JJJ city level. The results showed that a large discrepancy existed in the JJJ emissions among downscaled country-level emission inventories, with total emissions ranging from 657 to 1132 Mt CO2 (or 849 ± 214 for mean ± standard deviation (SD)) in 2012, while emission estimates based on provincial-level data estimated emissions to be 1038 and 1056 Mt. Compared to the mean emissions of city-data-based inventories (989 Mt), provincial-data-based inventories were 6% higher, and national-data-based inventories were 14% lower. Emissions from national-data-based inventories were 53–75% lower in the high-emitting industrial cities of Tangshan and Handan, while they were 47–160% higher in Beijing and Tianjin than those from city-data-based inventories. Spatially, the emissions pattern was consistent with the distribution of urban areas, and urban emissions in Beijing contributed 50–70% of the total emissions. Higher emissions from Beijing and Tianjin resulted in lower estimates of prefectural cities in Hebei for some national inventories.

Conclusions

National-level data-based emission inventories produce large differences in JJJ prefectural city-level emission estimates. The city-level statistics data-based inventories produced more consistent estimates. The consistent spatial distribution patterns recognized by these inventories (such as high emissions in southern Beijing, central Tianjin and Tangshan) potentially indicate areas with robust emission estimates. This result could be useful in the efficient deployment of monitoring instruments, and if proven by such measurements, it will increase our confidence in inventories and provide support for policy makers trying to reduce emissions in key regions.
Analysis of news media reports of suicides and attempted suicides during the COVID-19 lockdown in India
Authors: Pathare Soumitra , Vijayakumar Lakshmi , Fernandes Tanya Nicole , Shastri Manisha , Kapoor Arjun , Pandit Deepa , Lohumi Isha , Ray Somidha , Kulkarni Arti , Korde Palak
Published: December 2020

Background

Based on previous experience there is justifiable concern about suicidal behaviour and news media reporting of it during COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods

This study used a systematic search of online news media reports (versions of newspapers, magazine and other digital publications) of suicidal behaviour during India’s COVID-19 lockdown and compared it to corresponding dates in 2019. Data was gathered using a uniform search strategy from 56 online news media publications 24 March to 3 May for the years 2019 and 2020 using keywords, suicide, attempted suicide, hangs self and kills self. Demographic variables and methods used for suicide were compared for suicide and attempts between the 2 years using chi-squared tests (χ2).

Results

There were online news media reports of 369 cases of suicides and attempted suicides during COVID lockdown vs 220 reports in 2019, a 67.7% increase in online news media reports of suicidal behaviour. Compared to 2019, suicides reported during lockdown were significantly older (30 vs 50 years, p < 0.05), men (71.2% vs 58.7%; p < 0.01), married (77.7% vs 49%; p < 0.01) and employed (82.9% vs 59.5%; p < 0.01). During the lockdown, significantly more suicides were by hanging (64.4% vs 42%), while poisoning (8.5% vs 21.5%) and jumping in front of a train (2% vs 9.4%) (p < 0.05) were significantly reduced. Comparison of COVID and non-COVID groups showed that online news media reports of COVID cases of suicide and attempted suicide were significantly more likely to be men (84.7% vs 60.4%; p < 0.01), older (31–50 years 52.9% vs 25.8%; p < 0.01) employed (91.5% vs 64.3%; p < 0.01), had poor mental (40.1% vs 20.8%; p < 0.01) and poor physical health (24.8% vs 7.9%;11.8, p < 0.01).

Conclusion

Increase in online news media reports of suicides and attempts during COVID-19 lockdown may indicate an increase in journalists’ awareness about suicide or more sensational media reporting or may be a proxy indicator of a real community increase in suicidal behaviour. It is difficult to attribute changes in demographic profile and methods used only to changes in journalists’ reporting behaviour and should be further explored. We therefore call upon the Government of India to urgently release national suicide data to help devise a comprehensive suicide prevention strategy to address COVID-19 suicidal behaviour.
Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes: comparative analysis of classical and latent presentation
Authors: Fadiga Lúcia , Saraiva Joana , Catarino Diana , Frade João , Melo Miguel , Paiva Isabel
Published: December 2020

Introduction

Adult-onset autoimmune diabetes (AID) has two different phenotypes: classic type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), with insulin requirement just after diagnosis, and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). The purpose of this study is to characterize patients with AID followed on a tertiary centre, comparing classic T1DM and LADA.

Methods

We collected data from patients with diabetes and positive islet autoantibodies, aged 30 years old and over at diagnosis. Patients who started insulin in the first 6 months were classified as T1DM and patients with no insulin requirements in the first 6 months were classified as LADA. Data regarding clinical presentation, autoantibodies, A1C and C-peptide at diagnosis, pharmacologic treatment and complications were analysed.

Results

We included 92 patients, 46 with classic T1DM and 46 with LADA. The percentage of females was 50% in T1DM group and 52.1% in LADA group. The median age at diagnosis was 38 years (IQR–15) for T1DM and 42 years (IQR–15) for LADA (p = 0.057). The median time between diagnosis of diabetes and diagnosis of autoimmune aetiology was 0 months in T1DM group and 60 months in LADA group (p < 0.001). The mean BMI at diagnosis was 24.1 kg/m2 in T1DM group and 26.1 kg/m2 in LADA group (p = 0.042). In T1DM group, 67.4% of the patients had more than one positive autoantibody, comparing to 41.3% of LADA patients (p = 0.012). There was no statistical difference in what concerns to title of GAD autoantibodies, A1C and C-peptide at diagnosis of autoimmune aetiology. The presence of symptoms at diagnosis was associated with T1DM group (p < 0.001). The median daily insulin dose was 40 IU for T1DM (0.58 IU/kg) and 33.5 IU for LADA (0.57 IU/kg), with no statistical difference. LADA patients were more often under non-insulin antidiabetic drugs (p = 0.001). At 10 years follow up, 21.1% of T1DM patients and 63.3% of LADA patients had microvascular complications (p = 0.004). Diabetic nephropathy was present in 23.5% of T1DM patients and 53.3% of LADA patients (p = 0.047). At the last evaluation, 55.6% of T1DM and 82.6% of LADA patients had metabolic syndrome and this difference was independent of diabetes duration.

Conclusion

Patients with classic T1DM presented more often with symptoms, lower BMI and higher number of autoantibodies, which may be related to a more aggressive autoimmune process. Patients with LADA developed more frequently microvascular complications for the same disease duration, namely diabetic nephropathy, and had more often metabolic syndrome.
A fractional order approach to modeling and simulations of the novel COVID-19
Authors: Owusu-Mensah Isaac , Akinyemi Lanre , Oduro Bismark , Iyiola Olaniyi S.
Published: December 2020

The novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), or COVID-19, has emerged and spread at fast speed globally; the disease has become an unprecedented threat to public health worldwide. It is one of the greatest public health challenges in modern times, with no proven cure or vaccine. In this paper, our focus is on a fractional order approach to modeling and simulations of the novel COVID-19. We introduce a fractional type susceptible–exposed–infected–recovered (SEIR) model to gain insight into the ongoing pandemic. Our proposed model incorporates transmission rate, testing rates, and transition rate (from asymptomatic to symptomatic population groups) for a holistic study of the coronavirus disease. The impacts of these parameters on the dynamics of the solution profiles for the disease are simulated and discussed in detail. Furthermore, across all the different parameters, the effects of the fractional order derivative are also simulated and discussed in detail. Various simulations carried out enable us gain deep insights into the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19. The simulation results confirm that fractional calculus is an appropriate tool in modeling the spread of a complex infectious disease such as the novel COVID-19. In the absence of vaccine and treatment, our analysis strongly supports the significance reduction in the transmission rate as a valuable strategy to curb the spread of the virus. Our results suggest that tracing and moving testing up has an important benefit. It reduces the number of infected individuals in the general public and thereby reduces the spread of the pandemic. Once the infected individuals are identified and isolated, the interaction between susceptible and infected individuals diminishes and transmission reduces. Furthermore, aggressive testing is also highly recommended.
Whole genome variants across 57 pig breeds enable comprehensive identification of genetic signatures that underlie breed features
Authors: Xu Jingya , Fu Yuhua , Hu Yan , Yin Lilin , Tang Zhenshuang , Yin Dong , Zhu Mengjin , Yu Mei , Li Xinyun , Zhou Yang , Zhao Shuhong , Liu Xiaolei
Published: December 2020

Background

A large number of pig breeds are distributed around the world, their features and characteristics vary among breeds, and they are valuable resources. Understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms that explain across-breed variation can help breeders develop improved pig breeds.

Results

In this study, we performed GWAS using a standard mixed linear model with three types of genome variants (SNP, InDel, and CNV) that were identified from public, whole-genome, sequencing data sets. We used 469 pigs of 57 breeds, and we identified and analyzed approximately 19 million SNPs, 1.8 million InDels, and 18,016 CNVs. We defined six biological phenotypes by the characteristics of breed features to identify the associated genome variants and candidate genes, which included coat color, ear shape, gradient zone, body weight, body length, and body height. A total of 37 candidate genes was identified, which included 27 that were reported previously (e.g., PLAG1 for body weight), but the other 10 were newly detected candidate genes (e.g., ADAMTS9 for coat color).

Conclusion

Our study indicated that using GWAS across a modest number of breeds with high density genome variants provided efficient mapping of complex traits.
Six years of development in promoting identity formation of STEM education as a distinct field
Authors: Li Yeping
Published: December 2020

With the completion of six publication cycle years (August 2014 to July 2020), theInternational Journal of STEM Educationhas achieved important milestones in promoting the identity of STEM education as a distinct field. In this editorial, I specifically share the journal’s achievements since August 2019 and its emerging trends in leading research publications in STEM education, which reflect not only the journal’s growth with on-going strong support from researchers and readers internationally, but also the gradual formation of a broad field identity of STEM education.
Anatomical and functional outcomes of subthreshold micropulse laser versus intravitreal ranibizumab injection in treatment of diabetic macular edema
Authors: Abdelrahman Amr , Massoud Wagiha , Elshafei Ahmed Mohamed Kamal , Genidy Mahmoud , Abdallah Raafat Mohyeldeen Abdelrahman
Published: December 2020

Background

To compare the therapeutic effects of subthreshold micropulse laser (SML) versus intravitreal injection of ranibizumab in treatment of diabetic macular edema (DME) both anatomically using optical coherence tomography (OCT) and functionally using best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG).

Methods

his study was an interventional prospective randomized comparative study. The study included 120 eyes classified into 3 groups: Group 1 included 40 eyes of 28 patients treated by SML laser, group 2 included 40 eyes of 32 patients treated by intravitreal injection of ranibizumab, and group 3 (control group for mfERG) included 40 eyes of 20 patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) of more than 10 year duration with no signs of diabetic retinopathy (DR). BCVA measurements, OCT and mfERG were done for the cases before and after interference and were followed up for 6 months

Results

By the end of the follow up period, BCVA significantly improved by 31% in group 1 vs 93% in group 2 with a statistically highly significant difference between the two groups (p value < 0.001). There was also a significant decrease in central subfield thickness in both groups with more reduction in group 2 compared with group 1 (p value < 0.001). There was a significant improvement in P1 amplitude of mf-ERG in group 2 (p value < 0.002) with no significant improvement in group 1. There was a significant decrease in P1 implicit time in group 2 (p value < 0.001) while there was no significant decrease in group1.

Conclusions

Intravitreal injection of ranibizumab is a superior treatment modality for DME compared with SML regarding both anatomical and functional outcomes.

Trial registration: This study has been approved by the local ethical committee of faculty of medicine of Minia University and retrospectively registered at the clinical trial gov. with Identifier: NCT04332133.
Home-made enzymatic premix and Illumina sequencing allow for one-step Gibson assembly and verification of virus infectious clones
Authors: Zhao Mingmin , García Beatriz , Gallo Araiz , Tzanetakis Ioannis E. , Simón-Mateo Carmen , García Juan Antonio , Pasin Fabio
Published: December 2020

An unprecedented number of viruses have been discovered by leveraging advances in high-throughput sequencing. Infectious clone technology is a universal approach that facilitates the study of biology and role in disease of viruses. In recent years homology-based cloning methods such as Gibson assembly have been used to generate virus infectious clones. We detail herein the preparation of home-made cloning materials for Gibson assembly. The home-made materials were used in one-step generation of the infectious cDNA clone of a plant RNA virus into a T-DNA binary vector. The clone was verified by a single Illumina reaction and a de novo read assembly approach that required no primer walking, custom primers or reference sequences. Clone infectivity was finally confirmed by Agrobacterium-mediated delivery to host plants. We anticipate that the convenient home-made materials, one-step cloning and Illumina verification strategies described herein will accelerate characterization of viruses and their role in disease development.
Update on treatment and preventive interventions against COVID-19: an overview of potential pharmacological agents and vaccines
Authors: Xiao Yinan , Xu Hanyue , Guo Wen , Zhao Yunuo , Luo Yuling , Wang Ming , He Zhiyao , Ding Zhenyu , Liu Jiyan , Deng Lei , Sha Fushen , Ma Xuelei
Published: December 2020

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) triggered by the new member of the coronaviridae family, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has created an unprecedented challenge for global health. In addition to mild to moderate clinical manifestations such as fever, cough, and fatigue, severe cases often developed lethal complications including acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and acute lung injury. Given the alarming rate of infection and increasing trend of mortality, the development of underlying therapeutic and preventive treatment, as well as the verification of its effectiveness, are the top priorities. Current research mainly referred to and evaluated the application of the empirical treatment based on two precedents, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), including antiviral drugs targeting different stages of virus replication, immunotherapy modulating the overactivated inflammation response, and other therapies such as herbal medicine and mesenchymal stem cells. Besides, the ongoing development of inventing prophylactic interventions such as various vaccines by companies and institutions worldwide is crucial to decline morbidity and mortality. This review mainly focused on promising candidates for the treatment of COVID-19 and collected recently updated evidence relevant to its feasibility in clinical practice in the near future.
Quantitative Chemical Profiling of Commercial Glyceride Excipients via 1H NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Saraf Isha , Kushwah Varun , Weber Hansjoerg , Modhave Dattatray , Yeoh Thean , Paudel Amrit
Published: December 2020

Glycerides are the main components of oils, and fats, used in formulated products in the food and cosmetic industry as well as in the pharmaceutical product industry. However, there is limited literature available on the analysis of the chemical composition of glycerides. The lack of a suitable analytical method for complete chemical profiling of glycerides is one of the bottlenecks in understanding and controlling the change in chemical composition during processing, formulation, and storage. Thus, the aim of the present study is to develop a calibration-free quantitative proton nuclear magnetic resonance (qHNMR) method for the simultaneous quantification of different components of glycerides. The qHNMR method was developed for the quantification of mono-, di-, and triglycerides; their positional isomers; free fatty acids; and glycerol content. The accuracy, precision, and robustness of the developed method were evaluated and were found suitable for the quantitative analysis of five batches of marketed excipient. The study demonstrates the potential of qHNMR method for the quantification of different components of glycerides in various marketed products. The method has the ability to identify the variability of glycerides among different batches and suppliers in terms of chemical composition and also to discern the changes during storage.
Intraperitoneal Administration of Paclitaxel Combined with S-1 Plus Oxaliplatin as Induction Therapy for Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases
Authors: Saito Shin , Yamaguchi Hironori , Ohzawa Hideyuki , Miyato Hideyo , Kanamaru Rihito , Kurashina Kentaro , Hosoya Yoshinori , Lefor Alan Kawarai , Sata Naohiro , Kitayama Joji
Published: December 2020

Background

Intraperitoneal (IP) administration of paclitaxel (PTX) has a great pharmacokinetic advantage to control peritoneal lesions and can be combined with various systemic chemotherapies. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of a combination of IP-PTX and systemic S-1/oxaliplatin (SOX) for induction chemotherapy for patients with peritoneal metastases (PM) from gastric cancer (GC).

Patients and Methods

Patients with GC who were diagnosed as macroscopic PM (P1) or positive peritoneal cytology (CY1) by staging laparoscopy between 2016 and 2019 were enrolled. PTX was IP administered at 40 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8. Oxaliplatin was IV administered at 100 mg/m2 on day 1, and S-1 was administered at 80 mg/m2/day for 14 consecutive days, repeated every 21 days. Survival time and toxicities were retrospectively explored.

Results

Forty-four patients received SOX + IP-PTX with a median (range) of 16 (1–48) courses, although oxaliplatin was suspended due to the hematotoxicity or intolerable peripheral neuropathy in many patients. The 1-year overall survival (OS) rate was 79.5% (95% CI 64.4–88.8%) with median survival time of 25.8 months. Gastrectomy was performed in 20 (45%) patients who showed macroscopic shrinkage of PM with a 1-year OS rate of 100% (95% CI 69.5–100%). Grade 2 and 3 histological responses was achieved in four (20%) and one (5%) patients. Grade 3/4 toxicities included neutropenia (11%), leukopenia (39%), and anemia (14%). There were no treatment-related deaths.

Conclusions

Combination chemotherapy using SOX + IP-PTX regimen is highly effective and recommended as induction chemotherapy for patients with PM from GC.
Is it reasonable to ignore vitamin D status for musculoskeletal health?
Authors: Mason Rebecca S , Rybchyn Mark S , Brennan-Speranza Tara C , Fraser David R
Published: December 2020

Severe vitamin D deficiency—25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) concentrations below around 25–30 nmol/L—may lead to growth plate disorganization and mineralization abnormalities in children (rickets) and mineralization defects throughout the skeleton (osteomalacia) and proximal muscle weakness. Both problems are reversed with vitamin D treatment. Apart from this musculoskeletal dysfunction at very low vitamin D levels, there is apparent inconsistency in the available data about whether concentrations of 25OHD below around 50 nmol/L cause muscle function impairment and increase the risk of fracture. This narrative review provides evidence to support the contention that improving vitamin D status, up to around 50 nmol/L, plays a small causal role in optimizing bone and muscle function as well as reducing overall mortality.
Peculiarities of Professional Area of University Students in the Era of Digitalization of Education
Authors: Kagosyan A. , Popova O.
Published: December 2020

In the digital era, the success of the professional development of future specialists in the process of obtaining higher education largely depends on their professional orientation (PN). Despite the significant interest in the subject of the study, the problem of identifying the factors that affect PN remains poorly understood.

The purpose of the study is to determine the factors of the formation of PN of students enrolled in training and retraining programs, and the features of PN in the digital era.

The article reveals the content and structure of PN of future specialists in the era of digitalization. According to the results of the empirical research, the relationship of students' PN with indicators of meaningful life orientations, motives for choosing a profession and training was revealed; the relationship between students' life-meaning orientations and indicators of motives for choosing a profession and training at the stage of digitalization of education. The factors influencing the personal condition and the factors of the formation of students' personal condition, who are trained according to the programs of training and retraining of specialists, have been determined.

As a result of empirical research, it was concluded that negative influence on the formation of PN is created by factors caused by various life circumstances, lack of independence of decisions in choosing a profession, low reflection of life goals, future prospects, rigidity of volitional and personal qualities, internal conflict in the structure of personality relationships, low pleasure training and the like. At the same time, the level of PN is significantly higher among students who receive a second higher education and who understand its importance at the stage of digitalization of education.
Formation of Public Consciousness and Digital Culture of Students in the System of Continuous Pedagogical Education
Authors: Abylkasymova A. , Popey-ool Saida , Shishov Sergey
Published: December 2020

The article deals with the problem of analyzing trends in the formation of public consciousness and digital culture of students in the system of continuous teacher education. The conclusions are based on the fact that symbolic interactionism (information theory), socio-psychological centrality are based on the level of importance of certain ideas or self-conceit, the degree of interactivity in the implementation of acquired communicative and role models of student behavior. Moderate support for the theories of identity and symbolic interactionism was revealed, since the identity of the "other" was not much in the focus of research analysis. Identification aspects are related to the relationship between concepts, and interactive commitment is related to the psychological centrality of the student's personality, but not to the identification of the "other". Self-esteem is a Central element of the psychological centrality of the individual, if it is important for her. It is shown that identities can be stable and unstable, since they are associated with a person's social environment. Instability is associated with the student's desire to make social, religious, and cultural changes in their own lives, that is, with the desire to master and join new cultural values. The level of a person's self-esteem depends on the identification combination of socio-psychological (external and internal) aspects and conditions of their existence.
Development of Creative Abilities of Students in the Conditions of Technological Education
Authors: Ryahimova E.
Published: December 2020

The article considers the main trends in the development of creative abilities of students in the conditions of technological education. At the same time, the methods of developing students ' creative abilities in technological training are considered from the point of view of integrating the student's personality into the process of creative subject of self-development within the framework of the technology of personal-oriented Technology training. The study involved 263 students and 11 teachers from 10 schools in the Moscow region. The development and adjustment of the pilot program was carried out at the Department of professional education of the center for the development of professional education of the Academy of social management of the Moscow region. The activity approach made it possible to develop a methodology for developing students ' creative abilities in Technology lessons, which is based on the collective project activity of students. Creativity in the framework of the study was defined as the student's activity aimed at removing contradictions, solving a creative technological problem that has objective (social and material) and subjective (abilities and competence) factors, and its (activity) result has novelty, originality and social significance. The results show that the number of students who have a low level of development of creative abilities decreased by 82.3 % (10-12 years), 59.1 % (13-15 years), 71.2 % (16-17 years). The number of students with an average level of development of creative abilities (72.5%, 33.4%, 30.4%, respectively) and a high level of development of creative abilities has significantly increased (7,6 %; 21,4 %; 42,8 %). Developed scientific and methodological support (creation of models of problem situations in the framework of personality-oriented cases; activation of students ' creative activity by including teams of different ages for the implementation of technological projects; presence of a polyvariant creative environment; support for the personal trajectory of creative development of students 'collective creative projects) has proven to be effective in organizing the development of students' creative abilities in Technology lessons.
Modern Socio-Psychological Aspects of Deviant Behavior in Adolescents and Correctional Assistance to Them
Authors: Kondrat'ev G.
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the problem of deviant behavior of adolescents and young people: development, actualization of certain forms of deviations, historical context, compares similarities in different countries, and the current state of this scientific and practical issue. Psychological and age characteristics of young people who are prone to deviant behavior are highlighted. The relevance, and at the same time complexity, of the problem under consideration is noted, which emphasizes the difficulty of selecting research methods and developing correctional programs. We consider psychocorrective assistance to this contingent in institutions with a short stay (up to one month). The importance of increasing the level of psychological, medical, and legal knowledge, as well as the need for spiritual development, is noted.
Group Methods for the Prevention of Suicidal Behavior Among Employees of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia
Authors: Ivanov Roman
Published: December 2020

The article discusses the features of suicidal behavior and substantiates the relevance of group forms of prevention of such destructions. A separate part of the work is devoted to factors and indicators of suicidal behavior, which should pay attention to the heads of divisions of the internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation when conducting preventive measures to identify and prevent suicidal behavior among personnel. Big and main part of the work devoted to group forms of prevention of suicidal behavior among cadets of the Moscow regional branch Moscow University of the MIA of Russia named after V.Ya. Kikot. The novelty of this work is the use of socio-psychological training classes for the prevention of suicidal behavior of students. Such classes in the article are divided into several areas: 1) Training and game forms aimed at active physical interaction of participants in order to maximize the inclusion of a person in the group. 2) Game problem situations in order to solve and get out of them with the help of logical thinking of each individual. 3) Exercises for the development of human energy potential. These exercises are associated with addressing the unused physical and energy capabilities of a person. This can include perception training practices, active and passive meditative training, which participants should eventually use in their private life practice as often as possible. Such group classes can be used not only in educational organizations of the Ministry of internal Affairs of Russia, but also used in similar formats in other structures of internal Affairs bodies of the Russian Federation.
The role of the cognitive biases along the psychosis continuum: from pathophysiology to treatment options
Authors: Kotowicz Kamila , Gawęda Łukasz , Misiak Błażej , Frydecka Dorota
Published: December 2020

Schizophrenia and related psychoses is primarily characterized by positive and negative symptoms, as well as cognitive disturbances. Cognitive factors crucial in the pathogenesis of psychosis are specifically studied in terms of cognitive biases that may play a role in the formation and maintenance of psychotic symptoms. Cognitive biases refer to systematic errors in both cognitive processing and content that deviate from logical thinking. Cognitive biases can affect attention, decision-making/reasoning, memory recall, motivation or even attributional style. Psychotic-like experiences and psychotic disorders have been associated with a tendency to jump to conclusions, bias against disconfirmatory evidence and bias against confirmatory evidence as well as liberal acceptance bias. Moreover, patients with schizophrenia tend to present higher belief inflexibility in comparison to healthy individuals and are overconfident in wrong judgments. In the monitoring tasks showing they show a higher tendency to misattribute internally-generated stimuli to external sources (externalizing bias) (1). Finally, patients with schizophrenia tend to have excessive attention toward irrelevant, neutral or familiar stimuli known as the salience aberrant bias. There are several specific psychological interventions designed to ameliorate cognitive biases, such as Metacognitive Training (2,3), Thinking Well (4), Social Cognition and Interaction Training (5). These trainings have been shown to teach patients about cognitive biases and how they contribute to symptoms of psychosis and consequently how they can affect their daily life. There is an increasing number of studies showing results of these interventions in reducing cognitive biases and positive symptoms as well as improving clinical and cognitive insight.
Backtesting Marginal Expected Shortfall and Related Systemic Risk Measures
Authors: Banulescu-Radu Denisa , Hurlin Christophe , Leymarie Jérémy , Scaillet Olivier
Published: December 2020

This paper proposes an original approach for backtesting systemic risk measures. This backtesting approach makes it possible to assess the systemic risk measure forecasts used to identify the financial institutions that contribute the most to the overall risk in the financial system. Our procedure is based on simple tests similar to those generally used to backtest the standard market risk measures such as value-at-risk or expected shortfall. We introduce a concept of violation associated with the marginal expected shortfall (MES), and we define unconditional coverage and independence tests for these violations. We can generalize these tests to any MES-based systemic risk measures such as the systemic expected shortfall (SES), the systemic risk measure (SRISK), or the delta conditional value-at-risk ([Formula: see text]CoVaR). We study their asymptotic properties in the presence of estimation risk and investigate their finite sample performance via Monte Carlo simulations. An empirical application to a panel of U.S. financial institutions is conducted to assess the validity of MES, SRISK, and [Formula: see text]CoVaR forecasts issued from a bivariate GARCH model with a dynamic conditional correlation structure. Our results show that this model provides valid forecasts for MES and SRISK when considering a medium-term horizon. Finally, we propose an early warning system indicator for future systemic crises deduced from these backtests. Our indicator quantifies how much is the measurement error issued by a systemic risk forecast at a given point in time which can serve for the early detection of global market reversals.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.
Mikhalchuk K. and Krymsky A. „Program for collecting the features of Malorusskikh govorov” (St. Petersburg, 1910) – as a source for the conclusion of the Ukrainian dialect accent questionnaire program
Authors:   Institute for the Ukrainian Language of the NAS of Ukraine, Kobyrynka Halyna
Published: December 2020

The article focuses on the appropriateness of involving different sources to learn the dialect system and their heuristic value. To this end, the work of K. Mikhalchuk and A. Krymsky „Program for collecting features of Malorussian dialects” was analyzed concerning the use (over the use) it as a source for programming the Ukrainian dialect accent program as it contains a separate section. It is found out that the generalization a generalization concerning differentiation of the Ukrainian dialect space on a sign of emphasis was made in the research paper, in particular it is noticed that words function: a) in which the emphasis is constantly on and shifts to the same syllables in all Ukrainian dialects; b) words that are stressed differently in the same area; c) words that are stressed differently in different areas. It is concluded that the „Program for collecting features of Malorusskikh govorov” can serve as a basis for the preparation of the modern accentological questionnaire program which will guide the compiler in selection of forms, syntagmatic constructions for research. It is emphasized that depending on the concepts, principles of the research, the accentological questionnaire program may provide different tasks, according to which the repertoire of units for research will be different.
Reflexes of *o in newly closed syllables in the Volyn-Polissia dialects
Authors:   Lesya Ukrainka Eastern European National University, Druzhuk Iryna
Published: December 2020

The article examines concepts related to the evolution of *о > і, analyzes scholars’ views on the reasons of differences between reflexes of *о in Ukrainian dialects, and describes the stages of *о transformation in the northern and the southern areas of the Ukrainian sprachraum. Attention is given to the nature of diphthong appearance according to two major theories – by Y. Sheveliov and by V. Moisiyenko. The author describes current reflexes of *о in newly closed stressed syllables, as documented in her own field records obtained in 120 towns and villages of Volyn Polissia. She establishes that typical for the Volyn-Polissia dialects sounds [и], [і] are simultaneously spread across all the area under research, while the monophthong [у] – only in its eastern parts. Alongside other reflexes, *о is sometimes (quite sporadically) preserved. While recording samples, the author has not come across diphthongs appertaining to *о, but recorded structures that are usually interpreted as the result of diphthongs breaking up: the consonant [в] + vowel, and the sound [е] < *о. The article includes a map.
Native Geographical Terminology in Ukrainian East Slobozhansk Dialects of Luhansk Region (general structural and semantic characteristics)
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Slobodyan Olena
Published: December 2020

Geographical native lexicon is one of the fragments of linguistic worldview, which reflects both common and specific ideas in the folk’s perception of the environment. Features of the nationally biased units each person perceives and classifies individually, nevertheless there is a lot of common in their worldview. Thematic justification connected with geographical names led to the rich terminology in Slavic languages. For this reason, linguists are interested in above mention lexical units. Geographically native lexicon of the Ukrainian East-Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region has never been examined before. The work presents geographical native lexicon as target of linguistic research, underlines the theoretical significance of this lexicon considering its functions. There were studied the researches of other linguists in the field of name analysis in Slavic languages. Introductory paragraph includes the definition of purposes and tasks of scientific paper, methodological and methodical principals of the research. Moreover, it describes academic novelty, theoretical and practical significance of the research and provides the classification of resources that were used in the process of study. The target and tasks defined the main methods of the research: descriptive and lingvo-geographical. Lingvo-geographical method included areal analysis and mapping based on identified dialect differences. The work contains the feature-by-feature comparison of linguistic units. There was determined the structure of thematic lexical groups that presents the geographical terms for relief denomination, geographical objects of relief, plants, water resources, landscape and its parts. The groups comprise the lexcio-semantic units that are not totally compatible in the quantity in case of demonstration the idiographic distinctiveness of the researched thematic group. In the result of semantic, etymologic and word-building analysis there were taken common dialects and specific geographical terms with their own meanings which have peculiar functions in Lugansk region dialect in comparison with Slavic languages, standard Ukrainian language and its dialects. Specific notions were mapped out to feature territorial peculiarities of thematic lexical groups in the Ukrainian East Slobozhansk dialects in Lugansk region. Collected dialect material allows study the zone of verbal contact, features of lexical units’ semantic development in this thematic group. It contributes to the enrichment of theoretical decryptions of semantic in dialect word and specific names in general linguistics.
Perspective as a way of information visualization in V. Yavorivsky's journalism
Authors:   State Institution Luhansk Taras Shevchenko National University, Havaldzhy Lidia
Published: December 2020

The article analyzes the peculiarities of perspective expression in the journalistic works of V. Yavorivsky of the early, middle and mature period of creativity, reveals the features of the dynamics of the idiolect. Consideration of journalistic works of V. Yavorivsky early and mature period of creativity shows that the perspective as a means of visualization of information is a constant category, but the prospects of these periods of creativity of the Master of the word has its own characteristics, which is noticeable when choosing the themes of works, systematization of relevant information, selection of means of nomination of persons and events, represented by the connotation of the text. Worldview values, characteristic of the second half of the twentieth century, are transmitted through the prism of the author's vision or beliefs of the heroes of the essays. The means of expressing a point of view are direct or implicit direct speech, comparison or opposition of several points of view, their overlap, motivation of proper names, etc. Journalistic essays of the books „What kind of people are we?” (works of the mature period of creativity) are united by one macrotheme, although each time one of the problems of this theme is raised. The worldview perspective in these works is realized first of all by the structure of the political discourse itself, the publicist's polemic with the respondents, the authors of the letters. The category of point of view here is represented by the author's evidence, the selection of appropriate arguments, passionate emotional reflections, in which the narrator takes over the function of a commentator. The author expresses his thoughts with sincere confidence in the correctness of his beliefs, which he defends, seeking to „look the truth in the eye”. The status-role perspective is conditioned by the realities of the present and past life of Ukrainians, revealed in the powerful axiological nature of the text, which is often achieved by selecting accurate paraphrases. The situational perspective in these works is revealed primarily due to the change of participants in the discussion, quoting letters in which the contributors express their point of view.
The show must go on!
Authors: Bissett Julie
Published: December 2020

As an antidote to lockdown lethargy, editor Julie Bissett offer a tongue-in-cheek circus-themed analogy of the greatest show on earth – dentistry–and looks at ways we can all work to better the workplace!
The evidence base for the assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals: a comment on the EU criteria for pesticides and biocides
Authors: Bozzini Emanuela
Published: December 2020

Background:

The evidence base for the regulatory assessment of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDC) has proved very controversial to define. The EU has been a first mover and – after years of discussions and conflicts – adopted criteria for the pesticide and biocide sectors in 2018.

Key points:

The article reviews alternative regulatory options and critically discusses some of the features of the adopted EU guidelines. It argues that they are a significant and necessary step. It further argues that while EU guidelines are certainly up to date with current developments in regulatory toxicology, they are not ambitious enough to set the pace beyond internationally agreed standards and conventions in risk regulation. Specifically, the article shows that EU regulators ‘bypassed’ some of the most difficult issues on the use and interpretation of evidence around endocrine-disrupting chemicals.

Conclusions and implications:

The article argues that the lack of regulatory translation of pressing scientific questions on endocrine disruption has significant consequences: it limits the applicability of EU guidelines and will likely require EU risk assessors to resort to a case-by-case approach in evaluations of pesticides and biocides. Moreover, contrary to expectations and ambitions, EU guidelines can only partially inform regulatory developments in other chemical sub-sectors and in other jurisdictions.
Cooperation and Social Policy: Integrating Evidence into Practice – introduction to the issue
Authors: Lazarus John
Published: December 2020

How can research evidence on cooperation best be exploited to the advantage of social policy? In this issue we bring together behavioural researchers with expertise in cooperation and social policy practitioners to work together on a series of issues in social policy for which the major challenge is for the players involved to cooperate for the common good. In this introductory paper I first explain the nature of cooperation, its potential for the collective good and the obstacles to achieving that potential. After a brief review of behavioural research applications to social policy, I summarise evidence for the many factors that promote cooperation in experimental and real world settings and that might be employed in the policy arena. These factors represent the influence of a small number of motivational influences including reciprocity, fairness, reputation, group identification and social norms. Analysis of the research findings reveals ways in which the real world difficulties in promoting action for the common good might be overcome. Evolutionary behavioural analysis adds additional insights useful for policy development. Beyond the value of the individual contributions the issue as a whole has the potential to uncover new understanding of the relationships between policy problems and their solutions.