bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peripheral Inflammatory Biomarkers and Cognitive Decline in Older Adults With and Without Alzheimer's Disease: A Systematic Review
Authors: Li Danni , Yu Fang
Published: May 2017

Peripheral inflammatory biomarkers may play an important role in the cognitive decline of aging and incidence of Alzheimer's disease (AD); however, data from epidemiological studies present conflicting findings. The purpose of the current review was to systematically determine the current state of the science on the association between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive decline. Articles published from January 1, 2006 to October 28, 2016 were searched using the Medline and Embase databases. Nine studies met inclusion criteria (two examined participants with AD dementia and seven examined participants without dementia). Although a wide range of peripheral inflammatory biomarkers was examined, C-reactive protein and interleukin 6 were the most studied. Findings show conflicting results for the association between peripheral inflammatory biomarkers and cognitive decline. Peripheral inflammation may harm and help the brain, and therefore, the challenge of modulating immunity will be to find ways of fine tuning inflammation to delay, prevent, or treat AD. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(12), 53–60.]
Nursing Work in Long-Term Care: An Integrative Review
Authors: Montayre Jed , Montayre Jasmine
Published: May 2017

Evidence suggests that delivery of good nursing care in long-term care (LTC) facilities is reflected in nurses' descriptions of the factors and structures that affect their work. Understanding the contemporary nature of nursing work in aged care will influence policies for improving current work structures in this practice setting. The current review aims to present a contemporary perspective of RNs' work in LTC facilities. A comprehensive search and purposeful selection of the literature was conducted using CINAHL, PubMed, Medline, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. Nine studies were eligible for review. Common themes revealed that nursing work in aged care settings is characterized by RNs providing indirect care tasks—primarily care coordination, engaging in non-nursing activities, and having an expanded and overlapping role. As care providers, aged care RNs do not always provide direct care as part of their nursing work. The scope of RN work beyond its clinical nature or performance of non-nursing tasks adds complexity in clarifying RN work roles in aged care. [
Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 43
(11), 41-49.]
Comparison of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomography Scans of the Glenoid Version in Anterior Dislocation of the Shoulder
Authors: Aygün Ümit , Duran Turan , Oktay Olcay , Sahin Hilal , Calik Yalkin
Published: May 2017

The glenoid version is an important factor in the etiology of anterior dislocation of the shoulder and the planning of shoulder surgery. Few reports compare the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements of the glenoid version with those of computed tomography (CT). This study aimed to show that it is possible to use MRI instead of CT, which is accepted as the gold standard today for the evaluation of the glenoid version. A total of 55 patients with a history of 1 nonsurgically treated unilateral anterior dislocation of the shoulder who had both MRI and CT records for the dislocated shoulders constituted the study group. The glenoid version was measured in the axial plane on MRI and CT. Mean glenoid version measured by the observers was −1.6°±4.7° (95% confidence interval, −2.3° to −0.8°) and −1.8°±4.3° (95% confidence interval, −2.5° to −1.2°) by CT and MRI, respectively (
P
=.126). The evaluation of the CT and MRI measurements made by the 3 observers (X, Y, and Z) revealed no significant difference, as the
P
values of X CT - X MRI, Y CT - Y MRI, and Z CT - Z MRI were .550, .406, and .238, respectively. Interclass correlation among the 3 observers for CT and MRI was 0.996 and 0.981, respectively. The imaging methods of MRI and CT can be interchangeably used in the evaluation of the glenoid version in cases of anterior dislocation of the shoulder. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(4):e687–e692.]
Retrieval Analysis of Porous Titanium Glenoid Posts: An Evaluation of Osteointegration
Authors: Calcei Jacob G. , Berhouet Julien , Elpers Marcella , Catanzano Anthony , Wright Timothy M. , Craig Edward V. , Warren Russell F. , Dines David M. , Gulotta Lawrence V.
Published: May 2017

Glenoid component loosening is a commonly encountered complication of total shoulder replacements. Therefore, focus has been placed on glenoid fixation. Porous metal implants, which promote biological fixation through osteointegration, have provided an uncemented alternative to the traditional cemented implant. In this explantation study, the authors examined the bone ingrowth and ongrowth of a specific porous titanium glenoid peg. Six explanted polyethylene glenoid components with porous titanium-coated central pegs were identified in the authors' implant retrieval program via retrospective review. The retrieved implants were sectioned into thirds with a precision saw and underwent scanning electron microscopy for analysis of bone ingrowth and ongrowth. Bone ingrowth was calculated as bone volume fraction, or the fraction of available pore space filled with bone, whereas ongrowth was the percentage of the perimeter of the implant covered with bone. The 6 total shoulders included in the study were revised at an average of 16.3 months (range, 5–48 months) for instability secondary to subscapularis rupture, subscapularis rupture plus infection, or other rotator cuff tear. All glenoid components were grossly stable on retrieval and had an average of 23% bone ingrowth and 54% ongrowth. The preliminary results show that osteointegration into a porous titanium ingrowth glenoid component is possible in the short-term, even in the presence of an unfavorable biomechanical environment, such as instability and rotator cuff dysfunction, as well as infection. [Orthopedics.2017; 40(4):e703–e707.]
Multiplication végétative de ximenia americana l. par drageonnage
Authors: Fawa Guidawa , Mapongmetsem Pierre Marie , Noubissie-Tchiagam Jean Baptiste , Bellefontaine Ronald
Published: May 2017

Dans les hautes savanes guinéennes du Cameroun, Ximenia americana L. est une espèce ligneuse sujette à une forte pression zoo-anthropique. Elle figure pourtant parmi les espèces locales d’un grand intérêt socio-économique. L’objectif de l’étude a consisté en la caractérisation du drageonnage naturel et de l’induction du drageonnage artificiel. Un inventaire a été réalisé en mars 2011 dans 20 parcelles de forme carrée d’un hectare chacune dans la savane naturelle de Dang pour évaluer la fréquence relative d’arbres adultes qui drageonnent. Un total de 633 pieds de Ximenia americana ont été dénombrés, dont 22 portaient des drageons. Des essais d’induction du drageonnage par simple blessure et par sectionnement complet des racines traçantes ont été menés au cours du mois de mars 2011sur 137 arbres adultes d’âges différents dont 70 % sont multicaules. Dix mois après l’initialisation des essais, il s’avère que le mode d’induction artificielle par sectionnement complet est plus efficace (86,67 %) que l’induction par blessure (60 %). Dans les deux types d’induction, les racines exposées à l’air libre ont présenté un taux de réussite plus élevé que les racines recouvertes de terre. Les drageons induits apparaissent majoritairement au pôle distal de la racine-mère. Cette Olacaceae présente une bonne aptitude au drageonnage artificiel. Cependant durant les dix mois de suivi de cet essai, aucun drageon n’a initié son propre système d’enracinement. Cette technique peu onéreuse pourrait constituer une étape importante dans le processus de domestication de cette plante, si les études complémentaires sur une période d’observation plus longue permettent de préciser la néoformation de racines vigoureuses permettant un affranchissement par rapport à l’arbre-mère et une croissance importante.
Differentiation Challenges in Inner City School
Authors: Wesley Tymika N.
Published: May 2017

There is no way to disguise the challenges that currently plague our field, and our efforts to overcome them have been largely unsuccessful. In the following chapter I will discuss one of the major pedagogical challenges facing teachers today—differentiation—and why this challenge is particularly complex in urban schools. We often do not consider the contextual issues that exist in the schools that serve the populations that these reforms claim to empower. My goal is to paint a picture of the interconnected issues that often create conditions that make student success a greater challenge and further marginalize groups of students we already label as “at risk.” Continued discourse is necessary surrounding systemic and structural inequities that continue to affect schools that serve culturally and linguistically diverse populations (Howard & Navarro 2016). We need to work toward eliminating the differentiation in the quality of instruction students receive in schools across our nation or we must acknowledge an additional layer to the term “at risk” student.
Universal Design for Learning
Authors: Pilgrim Jodi , Ward A. Kris
Published: May 2017

An inclusive curriculum values diversity and addresses barriers to academic success. Universal Design for Learning (UDL) introduces a framework for inclusive instruction, which transforms the systems and structures in schools to help make learning more effective and efficient for all students. Because Universal Design supports the literacy component of classroom design (Rose & Meyer, 2006), this chapter provides insight into instructional strategies that reinforces these essential skills. This chapter offers the background and framework for UDL, including research-based literacy instruction which ensures materials are accessible through multiple forms of representation, expression, and engagement of information.
Imagine the Possibilities
Authors: Berghammer Gretta , Kramer Ashley , Petersen Amy J.
Published: May 2017

This chapter illustrates the importance of and best practices for creating, implementing and sustaining inclusive communities for students through process based drama. Using narratives, stories from the field, and examples of student growth and learning, the chapter defines ways to artistically serve emerging learners through the use of drama within a variety of inclusive settings. A key focus of the chapter is the exploration of ways to adapt the creative process of drama to meet the specific needs of youth with autism in an inclusive learning environment. Characteristics and descriptions of program elements include: a) the use of key drama elements to support creative sensory awareness, movement, pantomime, characterization and story to support creative expression in inclusive settings and b) best practices for enhancing and expanding the emerging learners' abilities to engage in pretend play, communicate non-verbally, share an idea dramatically, assume a role beyond self, and promote positive social interactions. Guidelines for reflecting on student engagement and exploration are also presented.
Assessment in Inclusive Settings
Authors: Hott Brittany L. , Dibbs Rebecca A. , Hayes DeMarquis , Raymond Lesli P.
Published: May 2017

Assessment is one of the most controversial and challenging aspects of education. While increasing emphasis has been placed on student progress and accountability, effective assessment processes are often overlooked as a critical component of quality instruction. This chapter aims to provide practitioners, educators, and policymakers with an overview of assessment practices that provide information at the classroom and individual levels to drive instructional decision making. A multi-level system of support model is emphasized to illustrate types and administration of assessments needed to make instructional decisions.
Contribution of records management to audit opinions and accountability in government
Authors: David Rodreck
Published: May 2017

Background: Auditing can support national democratic processes, national development and government good will. Supreme Audit Institutions (SAI), such as offices of Auditor General, publish consolidated reports on audit outcomes for local authorities, government departments, parastatals and related public entities. These reports identify broad areas analysed during audit exercises that often include financial management, governance, asset management, risk management, revenue collection and debt recovery. They highlight trends that were detected during audit exercises at the end of a financial year. The reports further show how records and records management affect audit exercises as well as financial management within the audited institutions.Objectives: The intention of the research was to ascertain the contribution of records management to audit opinions and accountability in financial management in Zimbabwean government entities.Method: A document analysis of Comptroller and Auditor General of Zimbabwe (CAGZ)’s reports was used to identify the types of decisions and recommendations (audit opinions) issued, in juxtaposition to the records management issues raised.Results and Conclusion: This study shows that there is a strong correlation between records management concerns and audit opinions raised by the CAGZ’s narrative audit reports. Inadequate records management within government entities was associated with adverse and qualified opinions and, in some cases, unqualified opinions that had emphases of matter. There was a causal loop in which lack of documentary evidence of financial activities was the source cause of poor accounting and poor audit reports. Errors resulting from incomplete or inaccurate records meant that government entities were not showing a true picture of their financial status and their financial statements could be materially misstated. As an important monitoring and control system, records management should be integrated into the accounting and auditing processes of government entities.
Accountable or not accountable: A profile comparison of alleged offenders referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex Forensic Observation Ward in Bloemfontein from 2009 to 2012
Authors: Du Plessis Edwin D. , Du Plessis Henri J. , Nel Henco C. , Oosthuizen Inge , Van der Merwe Suzahn , Zwiegers Stefan , Joubert Gina
Published: May 2017

Background: The crime rate in South Africa is extraordinarily high. The problem of crime is further complicated when a person, who suffers from a mental illness, becomes involved in a crime. Furthermore, the forensic evaluation of a person suspected of having a mental illness involved in alleged criminal behaviour can be challenging. However, a dearth of information exists in South African literature regarding the link between crime and mental illness.Aim: To determine the percentage of alleged offenders, referred to the Free State Psychiatric Complex (FSPC) for observation, found accountable and not accountable, and to compare the biographical, diagnosis and offence profiles of these two groups. The analysis of differences can contribute to a better understanding of the complex process of forensic assessments.Setting: Forensic Observation Ward, FSPC, Bloemfontein.Methods: In this comparative, retrospective study, all 505 trial-awaiting alleged offenders (observati) referred from 2009 to 2012 for a 30-day observation period, according to Sections 77 and/or 78 of the Criminal Procedures Act, were included. Results were summarised as frequencies and percentages, and means or percentiles. Significant differences between the groups were determined by sample t-tests or chi-squared tests.Results: Observati found not accountable were in the majority (64.5%). Significant differences were found regarding marital and employment status, substance abuse, type of offence and diagnoses between the two groups. Almost all of the observati found to be not accountable were diagnosed with mental illness at the time of the assessment, whereas most observati found to be accountable for their actions at the time of the alleged offence were not found to be mentally ill. Observati found not accountable were significantly more likely to be diagnosed with schizophrenia, intellectual disability and substance-induced psychotic disorder, and committed mostly assault, murder and vandalism. Observati found accountable committed mostly rape, murder and theft.Conclusion: The majority of observati were found not accountable, with significant differences found between the two groups regarding demographic characteristics, type of diagnosis and offences committed. The identified differences can be used to assist in establishing criteria for the appropriate referral of alleged offenders by courts. Unnecessary referrals have a serious financial impact on the Department of Health. Furthermore, the high incidence of substance abuse among persons referred to the FSPC highlights the need for more substance rehabilitation centres in the Free State Province.
Evaluation of diastolic function in patients with normal perfusion and type 2 diabetes mellitus with gated single-photon emission computed tomography
Authors: Korkmaz Ayse , Caliskan Billur , Erdem Fatma
Published: May 2017

Early identification of diastolic dysfunction of patients with diabetes is important in preventing cardiac events. In this study, we aimed to show that both myocardial perfusion and diastolic function parameters can be evaluated in diabetic patients with possible silent cardiac symptoms using gated single-photon emission computed tomography (G-SPECT). We examined eighty patients: Forty with and forty without diabetes. The patients were compared in terms of systolic and diastolic parameters obtained using G-SPECT. 99mTc-sestamibi was used to obtain 8-frame images in each cardiac cycle, with calculation of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), peak filling rate (PFR), mean filling rate during thefirst third of diastolic time (MFR/3), and time to peak filling (TTPF) using the QGS software. G-SPECT results were compared in forty diabetic and forty nondiabetic patients of similar age and sex. Of the diastolic function parameters, PFR was found to be lower in patients with than without diabetes (2.31 ± 0.68 vs. 2.76 ± 0.68, respectively; P = 0.004). The TTPF and MFR/3 in both groups were similar. PFR was negatively correlated with end-diastolic volume and end-systolic volume (ESV) and positively correlated with LVEF. This correlation was stronger in patients with diabetes. The diastolic parameter PFR, obtained using G-SPECT, was significantly lower in patients with than without diabetes. We believe that these parameters should be noted for the early diagnosis or prevention of heart disease in patients with a risk of diastolic dysfunction.
Transient ischemic dilation ratio in regadenoson, single isotope gated single-photon emission computed tomography myocardial perfusion imaging
Authors: Rubio Manolo , Dias Andre , Koshkelashvili Nikoloz , Codolosa Jose , Jalife-Bucay Mauricio , Rodriguez-Ziccardi Mary , Amanullah Aman
Published: May 2017

Single isotope 99mTc single-photon emission computed tomography-myocardial perfusion imaging (SPECT-MPI) is the most commonly used protocol for nuclear stress testing. Transient ischemic dilation of the left ventricle (TID) has been considered a specific marker of severe coronary artery disease (CAD). Recent publications have questioned the clinical utility of TID, specifically with regadenoson as a stressor and 4DM-SPECT software for TID analysis. These findings have not been demonstrated using other imaging packages. The goal of our study was to establish the TID threshold in the identification of Multi-vessel CAD using Quantitative Perfusion SPECT (QPS) software. Included in this study are 190 patients that had undergone regadenoson-stress, same day, single-isotope 99mTc MPI and had a coronary angiography within a designated 3-month period. QPS (Cedars-Sinai, LA, CA) automated image analysis software was used to calculate TID ratios which were compared across different CAD categories. Coronary angiograms were reviewed to identify both obstructive and nonobstructive CAD. The mean TID for patients with nonobstructive CAD (n = 91) was 1.02 ± 0.11, and the threshold for TID was 1.24. A receiver operating characteristic curve showed that TID had a poor discriminatory capacity to identify MVD (area under the curve 0.58) with a sensitivity of 3% and a specificity of 97%. In our study with regadenoson MPI in a predominantly African-American population, TID was found to be a poor predictor of MVD using QPS software. The reason is unclear but possibly related to the significant decline in the prevalence of severe CAD in the area where our study took place.
Caregivers’ Perspectives on the Sensory Environment and Participation in Daily Activities of Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder
Authors: Pfeiffer Beth , Coster Wendy , Snethen Gretchen , Derstine Maggie , Piller Aimee , Tucker Carole
Published: May 2017

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to obtain caregivers’ perspectives on the impact of the sensory environment on participation in daily activities of their young children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Interviews were completed with 34 caregivers of children with ASD ages 3–7 yr. Results strongly suggest that parents and caregivers were pivotal in enabling participation for their children through the implementation of specific strategies and a parental decision-making process. The decision-making process considered amount of effort necessary to support participation and whether participation in a given activity was perceived as essential or nonessential. Strategies enabled participation and reduced the effort required to support the child’s participation. Strategies either directly related to the sensory factors of the environment or focused on reducing behavioral responses associated with sensory factors. In this study, we identified important considerations to enhance participation in the home and community environments for children with ASD.
Thermodynamic and dynamic responses of the hydrological cycle to solar dimming
Authors: Smyth Jane E. , Russotto Rick D. , Storelvmo Trude
Published: May 2017

Abstract. The fundamental role of the hydrological cycle in the global climate system motivates a thorough evaluation of its responses to climate change and mitigation. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) is a coordinated international effort to assess the climate impacts of solar geoengineering, a proposal to counteract global warming with a reduction in incoming solar radiation. We assess the mechanisms underlying the rainfall response to a simplified simulation of such solar dimming (G1) in the suite of GeoMIP models and identify robust features. While solar geoengineering nearly restores preindustrial temperatures, the global hydrology is altered. Tropical precipitation changes dominate the response across the model suite, and these are driven primarily by shifts of the Hadley circulation cells. We report a damping of the seasonal migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) in G1, associated with preferential cooling of the summer hemisphere, and annual mean ITCZ shifts in some models that are correlated with the warming of one hemisphere relative to the other. Dynamical changes better explain the varying tropical rainfall anomalies between models than changes in relative humidity or the Clausius–Clapeyron scaling of precipitation minus evaporation (P − E), given that the relative humidity and temperature responses are robust across the suite. Strong reductions in relative humidity over vegetated land regions are likely related to the CO2 physiological response in plants. The uncertainty in the spatial distribution of tropical P − E changes highlights the need for cautious consideration and continued study before any implementation of solar geoengineering.
A multi-species data assimilation system to retrieve information on land-atmosphere exchange processes
Authors: van der Velde Ivar R. , Miller John B. , van der Molen Michiel K. , Tans Pieter P. , Vaughn Bruce H. , White James W.C. , Schaefer Kevin , Peters Wouter
Published: May 2017

Abstract. To improve our understanding of the global carbon balance and its representation in terrestrial biosphere models we present here a first multi-species application of the CarbonTracker Data Assimilation System (CTDAS). The system's modular design allows for assimilating multiple atmospheric trace gases simultaneously to infer exchange fluxes at the Earth surface. In the prototype discussed here we interpret signals recorded in observed carbon dioxide (CO2) along with observed ratios of its stable isotopologues 13CO2/12CO2 (δ13C). The latter is in particular a valuable tracer to untangle CO2 exchange from land and oceans. Potentially, it can also be used as a proxy for continent-wide drought stress in plants, largely because the ratio of 13CO2 and 12CO2 molecules removed from the atmosphere by plants is dependent on moisture conditions. The multi-species CTDAS system varies the net exchange fluxes of both 13CO2 and CO2 in ocean and terrestrial biosphere models to create an ensemble of 13CO2 and CO2 fluxes that propagates through an atmospheric transport model. Based on differences between observed and simulated 13CO2 and CO2 mole fractions (and thus δ13C) our Bayesian minimization approach solves for weekly adjustments to both net fluxes and isotopic terrestrial discrimination that minimizes the difference between observed and estimated mole fractions. With this system we are able to estimate changes in terrestrial δ13C exchange on seasonal and continental scales in the Northern hemisphere where the observational network is most dense. Our results indicate a decrease in stomatal conductance on a continent-wide scale during a severe drought. These changes could only be detected after applying combined atmospheric CO2 and δ13C constraints as done in this work. The additional constraints on surface CO2 exchange from δ13C observations neither affected the estimated carbon fluxes, nor compromised our ability to match observed CO2 variations. The prototype presented here can be of great benefit not only to study the global carbon balance but potentially also to function as a data driven diagnostic to assess multiple leaf-level exchange parameterizations in carbon-climate models that influence the CO2, water, isotope, and energy balance.
Calibrating electromagnetic induction conductivities with time-domain reflectometry measurements
Authors: Dragonetti Giovanna , Comegna Alessandro , Ajeel Ali , Deidda Gian Piero , Lamaddalena Nicola , Rodriguez Giuseppe , Vignoli Giulio , Coppola Antonio
Published: May 2017

Abstract. This paper deals with the issue of monitoring the horizontal and vertical distribution of bulk electrical conductivity, σb, in the soil root zone by using Electromagnetic Induction (EMI) sensors under different water and salinity conditions. In order to deduce the actual distribution of depth-specific σb from EMI depth-weighted apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) measurements, we inverted the signal by using a regularized 1D inversion procedure designed to manage nonlinear multiple EMI-depth responses. The inversion technique is based on the coupling of the damped Gauss-Newton method with truncated generalized singular value decomposition (TGSVD). The ill-posedness of the EMI data inversion is addressed by using a sharp stabilizer term in the objective function. This specific stabilizer promotes the reconstruction of blocky targets, thereby contributing to enhance the spatial resolution of the EMI reconstruction. Time-Domain Reflectometry (TDR) data are used as ground-truth data for calibration of the inversion results. An experimental field was divided into four transects 30 m long and 2.8 m wide, cultivated with green bean and irrigated with water at two different salinity levels and using two different irrigation volumes, to induce different salinity and water contents within the soil profile. For each transect, 26 regularly spaced monitoring sites (1 m apart) were selected for soil measurements using a Geonics EM-38 and a Tektronix Reflectometer. Despite the original discrepancies in the EMI and TDR data, we found a significantly high correlation of the means and standard deviations of the two data series, especially after filtering the TDR data. Based on these findings, the paper introduces a novel methodology to calibrate EMI-based electrical conductivity via TDR direct measurements by simply using the statistics of the two data series.
Examining the impacts of precipitation isotope input (δ18Oppt) on distributed, tracer-aided hydrological modelling
Authors: Delavau Carly J. , Stadnyk Tricia , Holmes Tegan
Published: May 2017

Abstract. Tracer-aided hydrological models are becoming increasingly popular tools as they assist with process understanding and source separation, which facilitates model calibration and diagnosis of model uncertainty (Tetzlaff et al., 2015; Klaus and McDonnell, 2013). Data availability in high-latitude regions, however, proves to be a major challenge associated with this type of application (Tetzlaff et al., 2015). Models require a time series of isotopes in precipitation (δ18Oppt) to drive simulations, and throughout much of the world – particularly in sparsely populated high-latitude regions – these data are not widely available. Here we investigate the impact that choice of precipitation isotope product (δ18Oppt) has on simulations of streamflow, δ18O in streamflow (δ18OSF), resulting hydrograph separations, and model parameters. In a high-latitude, data-sparse, seasonal basin (Fort Simpson, NWT, Canada), we assess three precipitation isotope products of different spatial and temporal resolutions (i.e. semi-annual static, seasonal KPN43, and daily bias-corrected REMOiso), and apply them to force the isoWATFLOOD tracer-aided hydrologic model. Total simulated streamflow is not significantly impacted by choice of δ18Oppt product; however, simulated isotopes in streamflow (δ18OSF) and the internal apportionment of water (driven by model parameterization) are impacted. The highest-resolution product (REMOiso) was distinct from the two lower-resolution products (KPN43 and static), but could not be verified as correct due to a lack of daily δ18Oppt observations. The resolution of δ18Oppt impacts model parameterization and seasonal hydrograph separations, producing notable differences among simulations following large snowmelt and rainfall events when event compositions differ significantly from δ18OSF. Capturing and preserving the spatial variability in δ18Oppt using distributed tracer-aided models is important because this variability impacts model parameterization. We achieve an understanding of tracer-aided modelling and its application in high-latitude regions with limited δ18Oppt observations, and the value such models have in defining modelling uncertainty. In this study, application of a tracer-aided model is able to identify simulations with improved internal process representation, reinforcing the fact that tracer-aided modelling approaches assist with resolving hydrograph component contributions and work towards diagnosing equifinality.
Incorporación de la perspectiva de género en el TFG: una experiencia en el Grado de Economía de la USC
Authors: Aguayo Lorenzo Eva , Freire Esparís María Pilar , Lamelas Castellanos Nélida
Published: May 2017

El objetivo de este trabajo es destacar la importancia de la introducción de la perspectiva de género en las materias de economía. El análisis económico debe atender a todos aquellos factores que explican la existencia de desiguales niveles de desarrollo individual y social; así como reconocer el diferente impacto que las actuaciones económicas pueden ejercer en mujeres y hombres. Constatamos que a pesar de la existencia de un marco legislativo favorable a su incorporación en los planes de estudio universitarios, en las materias del perfil de economía - incluida la materia Trabajo Fin de Grado (TFG)- la presencia del enfoque de género resulta insuficiente. Presentamos nuestra experiencia de su  inclusión en el TFG en el Grado de Economía de la Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, realizada en las áreas de Economía Cuantitativa, Historia Económica y Economía Aplicada durante el curso 2011-12. Detallamos la metodología de trabajo desarrollada: el proceso de elección de las temáticas de los TFG por parte del alumnado, identificando los factores que han influido en su decisión; los contenidos estudiados, basados en indicadores de género que caracterizan las desigualdades desfavorables a las mujeres en el ámbito socio-laboral; y los resultados de una encuesta dirigida al alumnado.  Las principales contribuciones de su realización han sido la más amplia comprensión de una problemática social desde la perspectiva de género y la profundización en los conocimientos sobre cada tema. Esta experiencia resultó altamente satisfactoria por los conocimientos y habilidades ejercitadas así como por el grado de implicación del alumnado en su investigación sobre los problemas tratados. El enfoque de género constituye un elemento cualitativamente diferenciador y un valor añadido en su formación académica.
La influencia de las estrategias en la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad en los conocimientos matemáticos de los estudiantes de Ingeniería
Authors: Nieto Isidro Susana , Martínez Abad Fernando , Rodríguez Conde María José
Published: May 2017

Se analiza cuál es el nivel de conocimientos de Cálculo de 402 estudiantes de nuevo ingreso en diversos grados universitarios de Ingeniería durante los cursos 2011-2012, 2012-2013 y 2013-2014, en función de su vía de entrada en la Universidad y de las diferentes estrategias que han utilizado en la Prueba de Acceso a la Universidad. Se utiliza para ello un cuestionario anónimo, diseñado por los autores: a partir de los resultados de este cuestionario se ha determinado la presencia de hasta cuatro grupos significativos de estudiantes de nuevo acceso. Un primer grupo lo forman los estudiantes de Bachillerato que eligieron examinarse de Matemáticas II en la PAU y la superaron; un segundo grupo lo forman los estudiantes de Bachillerato que no superaron esta prueba, hay un tercer grupo de estudiantes que no se han presentado al examen, y un cuarto grupo de alumnos procedentes de los Ciclos Formativos de Grado Superior. En el análisis se utilizan técnicas no paramétricas (análisis post-hoc basados en la prueba de Kruskal- Wallis) que indican que estos grupos tienen un nivel significativamente diferente en los conocimientos básicos de Cálculo medidos por el cuestionario. Esta situación tiene una clara influencia en la labor docente en los primeros cursos universitarios, pues es necesaria una labor importante de adaptación didáctica en las asignaturas de contenido matemáticos para paliar estas deficiencias en los conocimientos matemáticos básicos.
Las Guías Alimentarias como material didáctico en la formación de Maestros: análisis y aplicación
Authors: Rodrigo Vega Maximiliano , Caballero Armenta Manuela , Ejeda Manzanera José Manuel , Cubero Juánez Javier , Ortega Navas Carmen
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo se centra en el uso e interpretación de las llamadas Guías de selección de alimentos o Guías Alimentarias dada su importancia nuclear para la Educación Alimentaria. Así, en un primer momento y a partir de una cierta constatación de dispersión informativa, abordamos una síntesis en la que describimos cuál es la información básica que consideramos deberían de tener estas herramientas y con la que solemos  trabajar. Seguidamente presentamos una investigación  efectuada con alumnado de  4º de Magisterio (n = 173) que, con consentimiento previo, completó un cuestionario elaborado al efecto antes y después de recibir formación específica sobre Alimentación en la que una parte importante se dirigió específicamente al uso de estas guías. Los resultados obtenidos indicarían que el conocimiento inicial sobre estos recursos es claramente deficiente para la gran mayoría de estudiantes en todos los campos informativos analizados. Después de la docencia la información que los alumnos parecen percibir a partir de las imágenes de los instrumentos analizados (Rueda y Pirámide de los Alimentos) es independiente del modelo y en general claramente mejorable para la mayoría. Pero, si se aborda sólo la evolución de conceptos teóricos conseguidos se obtienen mejores resultados. Por tanto, consideramos necesario profundizar en el diseño y uso como recurso didáctico de los instrumentos analizados y mejorar la manera de transmitir información a través de ellos intentando integrar más lo visual con lo teórico-conceptual.
Valoración de la intervención en alumnado de secundaria con alteraciones graves de conducta (AGC)
Authors: Espada Largo Manuel , Lorenzo-Llamas Elena María , Torrego Seijo Juan Carlos
Published: May 2017

Los problemas de comportamiento en centros educativos son objeto de numerosas investigaciones (Mayorga y Oliver, 2006; Olweus, 1973a; Sela-Shayovitz, 2009; Sellman, 2011; Torrego y Galán, 2008). El objetivo de este estudio es describir cómo se interviene con alumnado con Alteraciones Graves de Conducta (AGC) en los Institutos públicos de la provincia de Toledo (España). El plan de investigación corresponde a un estudio de caso único de tipo intrínseco.  Las técnicas de recogida y análisis de datos son cuantitativas vs cualitativas complementariamente. Se diseñaron categorías de análisis prefiguradas a partir del marco teórico del estudio y se recogieron categorías emergentes. El instrumento utilizado fue un cuestionario de entrevista semiestructurada diseñado ad hoc. Los resultados indicaron que la intervención que se está desarrollando en los Institutos públicos de la provincia de Toledo con este tipo de alumnado debería ser revisada. Existen diferencias importantes entre los criterios básicos de prevención, la atención desde un planteamiento integral de mejora de la convivencia y el nivel de aplicación real en los centros. Se concluyen propuestas de mejora.
Uso de tecnologías para facilitar el proceso de composición escrita: análisis del efecto de la plataforma RedacText 2.0 en la calidad de los textos académicos escritos por estudiantes de Magisterio
Authors: Álvarez Angulo Teodoro , Andueza Correa Alejandra
Published: May 2017

Este trabajo busca estudiar el efecto de la plataforma RedacText 2.0 en la calidad de los textos escritos por estudiantes del Grado en Maestro de Educación Primaria. Dicha plataforma se basa en el Modelo de producción de textos del Grupo Didactext (2003 y en prensa) y ha sido diseñada para orientar a los estudiantes a lo largo del proceso de producción de textos académicos, mediante actividades que pretenden desarrollar estrategias cognitivas y metacognitivas propias del proceso de producción textual. Para lo anterior, se realizó un estudio con diseño de medidas repetidas en el que se solicitó a un grupo de estudiantes la redacción de dos textos: el Texto 1 (T1) -escrito de la manera en que cada escritor solía escribir- y el Texto 2 (T2) -escrito con ayuda de la plataforma-. La comparación entre los resultados del T1 y del T2, mediante la aplicación de una serie de indicadores textuales de calidad (ITC), nos permite sostener que la plataforma resulta ser un instrumento efectivo para mejorar la calidad de algunos aspectos del texto, principalmente en lo que respecta a los elementos retóricos ya que no produjo cambios en los aspectos de contenido. Ello plantea la necesidad de introducir modificaciones en la plataforma para que sea una herramienta más eficiente en estos aspectos del proceso de composición escrita.
Desarrollo de un cuestionario para estimar las habilidades digitales de estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Organista-Sandoval Javier , Lavigne Gilles , Serrano-Santoyo Arturo , Sandoval-Silva Maribel
Published: May 2017

El propósito del artículo es mostrar la ruta metodológica seguida para desarrollar un cuestionario para estimar las habilidades digitales con propósito educativo que tienen los estudiantes de una universidad pública mexicana y aportar evidencias de validez de constructo mediante el modelado estructural de ecuaciones. El cuestionario se articula en cuatro dimensiones: manejo de información, de comunicación, de organización y de tecnología portátil. Se recurre a la consulta de expertos para la delimitación de los factores, la elaboración de los reactivos y la estimación de un indicador de univocidad. El cuestionario se aplicó al azar a una muestra de 350 estudiantes de una universidad pública mexicana. Se propuso un modelo conceptual para el constructo habilidad digital, el cual tuvo la congruencia esperada entre las variables observadas y la estructura propuesta. Tras una primera aplicación y una re-especificación del modelo, se lograron obtener valores aceptables en tres de los índices de bondad de ajuste (RMSEA, CFI e IFI), con excepción de Chi-cuadrada. Los hallazgos dan cuenta del camino a seguir para aportar evidencias de validez de constructo del cuestionario elaborado. Un producto de la investigación fue la obtención de un cuestionario para estimar el constructo habilidad digital con suficiente evidencia empírica de que se mide lo deseado. Por el carácter dinámico de las tecnologías portátiles, se sugiere disponer de un esquema de actualización a dicho cuestionario para que no sea obsoleto en corto tiempo.
Modelo de dobramento de proteína em jogo computacional
Authors: Da Luz Renan Martinez , Adamatti Diana Francisca , Werhli Adriano Velasque
Published: May 2017

As proteínas desempenham um papel fundamental na natureza e a descoberta de suas funcionalidades e seus comportamentos ainda inexplorados necessitam serem estudados. Portanto,
este trabalho tem como objetivo o desenvolvimento de um jogo sério de dobramento de proteína para ser usado como ferramenta de alimentação em uma base de dados. Esta base de dados pode ser usada como entrada em algoritmos estatísticos que através de suas metodologias possam extrair
conhecimentos e regras de dobramento de proteína. Chegou-se a conclusão que através desta ferramenta é possivel extrair conhecimento e regras de dobramento de proteínas da inteligencia humana através de um jogo sério.
Editorial
Authors: Hölbig Carlos Amaral
Published: May 2017

Apresentação do décimo oitavo número da Revista Brasileira de Computação Aplicada por parte do editor da revista.
Determinación de la presencia de Listeria monocytogenes en queso fresco artesanal producido en el departamento de Cabañas
Authors: Perlera de Escalante Ana Elizabeth
Published: May 2017

La inocuidad de los alimentos pasa de ser un requisito exigible por las normativas actuales y se convierte en una necesidad - inclusive para aquellos que producen en escala artesanal - de manera que se deben involucrar controles mínimos para los productos artesanales durante el proceso de elaboración. Los quesos frescos artesanales pueden contaminarse si no se practican buenas prácticas de manufactura, desde la producción hasta el almacenamiento, a fin que suponga riesgos por contaminación de Listeria monocytogenes, que es una bacteria que se encuentra en el ambiente y puede, incluso, soportar condiciones bajas de temperatura diferentes al resto de bacterias patógenas que afectan comúnmente a los alimentos.Es sólo a través de los análisis efectuados a quesos artesanales del departamento de Cabañas, que se conoció la presencia de la bacteria en dos del total de 149 muestras estudiadas; sin embargo, en el análisis previo (67 muestras): enfocados en la identificación de coliformes, E. coli, Salmonella y St. aureus, como criterios de referencia en la contaminación a través de manipuladores, los límites observados en algunos casos se encontraron fuera de los establecidos por el RTCA1 (67.04.50:08. Alimentos. Criterio Microbiológico para la Inocuidad de Alimentos).En este estudio se trata de centrar la atención en los precedentes creados a partir de los resultados y su relación con la productividad de lácteos en la zona, que permita establecer parámetros de inocuidad y la estandarización de los métodos de producción artesanal.Producción Agropecuaria y Desarrollo Sostenible, Vol. 4, 2015: 89-106
La historia y su uso público: reflexiones desde Guatemala
Authors: Cal Montoya José Edgardo
Published: May 2017

En una sociedad que aún tiene frescas las heridas de la guerra civil, como la guatemalteca, se dan dos posturas frente al pasado: aquellos que pretenden paralizar la memoria aduciendo que no hay que remover rencores para impulsar una nueva etapa de institucionalidad democrática en el país y los que luchan por la verdad y la justicia para evitar que a los guatemaltecos del futuro se les niegue el acceso al conocimiento y comprensión de la historia inmediata. Es en éste escenario que se nos plantea socialmente el dilema de la memoria o el olvido. Ambas posturas son expresión de la fractura de la sociedad guatemalteca.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.126, 2010: 535-546
El Porvenir vs. El Católico. Masonismo y ultramontanismo periodístico en confrontación (1892)
Authors: Valdés Valle Roberto Armando
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponibles.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.126, 2010: 547-581
Aliados y enemigos. Misiones protestantes, acogida liberal y reacción católica en El Salvador
Authors: Huezo Mixco Luis Roberto
Published: May 2017

En este ensayo estudiaremos una de las importantes formas de oposición que el catolicismo salvadoreño practicó para resistir a sus adversarios protestantes: El uso de artículos periodísticos. La imagen del protestantismo que es delineada en las páginas de periódicos como El Católico, fue clave en la estructuración de la mentalidad colectiva que la población salvadoreña se formó sobre los movimientos protestantes a finales del siglo XIX.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.126, 2010: 613-645
La herida colonial y la cultura revolucionaria: leer a Roque Dalton
Authors: Herrera Zúñiga Roberto
Published: May 2017

El trabajo examina la contribución teórica y ético-política de Roque Dalton, como parte del proceso de descolonización epistémica del marxismo latinoamericano.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.126, 2010: 647-670
El Estado renacentista (II): El arte dello stato en la filología románica
Authors: Miller Katherine
Published: May 2017

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.126, 2010: 707-722
Mundo árabe: ¿revoluciones democráticas?
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 127, 2011: 3-8
“La ciencia tiene que conformarse con el mundo, pero la ética debe decir que el mundo tiene que cambiar”. Entrevista con Michael Barber
Authors: Molina Carlos , Alvarenga Luis
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No. 127, 2011: 133-143
“Y después vino la dolarización”
Authors: Editor El
Published: May 2017

Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.128, 2011: 183-186
Trabajo, identidad y ciudadanía
Authors: Quinteros Carolina
Published: May 2017

El concepto de trabajo es una construcción social y como tal, ha recibido diferentes tipos de connotaciones a lo largo de historias y culturas. El ensayo que se plantea tiene como fin hacer una revisión de las diferentes corrientes que intentan explicar la situación actual del trabajo en tanto generador de identidades proclives a la movilización social y a la lucha reivindicativa y en tanto generador de derechos y ciudadanía.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.128, 2011: 261-284
La institución del teatro, institución del Estado
Authors: Miller Katherine
Published: May 2017

No hay resúmenes disponiblesRealidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.128, 2011: 325-344
Los límites de la globalización capitalista: la necesidad de cambiar la relación entre la sociedad y la naturaleza
Authors: Salgado Melissa
Published: May 2017

El presente ensayo tiene como objetivo resaltar los límites de la globalización evidenciados por la cada vez menor disponibilidad de recursos naturales, que constituye la base material del modo de producción capitalista.Realidad: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades No.129, 2011: 375-383