bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EVALUASI PELAKSANAAN PROGRAM KESEHATAN JIWA DI PUSKESMAS BANDONGAN KABUPATEN MAGELANG
Authors: Rahayu Aprillia Nur , Indrawati Fitni
Published: February 2022

The performance achievements of Mental Health UKM at the Bandongan Health Center that must be carried out regularly are the coverage of health services for people with severe mental disorders, KKJ meetings every three months as well as KKJ assistance in the three fostered villages. However, in 2020 there was a Covid-19 pandemic which resulted in delays in the implementation of activities as in previous years. The purpose of the study was to evaluate the implementation of the Mental Health program at the Bandongan Health Center.This type of research is qualitative. The technique of taking informants is purposive sampling. The number of samples in the study were 10 informants. The instrument used is an interview guide, observation and documentation. Data is analyzed and presented in narrative form.The results showed that implementing human resources were sufficient but there was no certified mental health training for implementing officers. Mental examination activities are carried out in the general poly room, facilities for health promotion and education about mental health are available at the Puskesmas. The source of funds comes from the BOK. Planning for program implementation is not yet available during the pandemic. Treatment services for ODGJ patients continue to run as usual so that treatment services for ODGJ patients are achieved 100%, but for the implementation of counseling, socialization and cadre meetings, cadre training, and visits to ODGJ patients do not run optimallySuggestions for this research are to plan the implementation of the program in a pandemic.
International And National Mechanisms For The Protection Victims Rights Of Armed Conflict In Eastern Ukraine
Authors: Maistrenko Mariia , GORELKINA KIRA , BUZHDYHANCHUK YEVDOKIIA
Published: February 2022

In order to determine the implementation of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens affected by the military conflict in eastern Ukraine, bringing current legislation to world standards, the scientific article: explores the main sources of international humanitarian law governing legal relations in armed aggression; the current state of protection of constitutional rights and freedoms of citizens affected by the armed conflict in eastern Ukraine is considered.

The methodological basis of the scientific article was general and special methods and techniques of scientific knowledge aimed at developing effective mechanisms to protect the rights of victims of armed conflict in eastern Ukraine.

It is stated that there is no effective mechanism for applying the provisions of the relevant regulations on the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of the population during an international armed conflict. To this end, regulatory proposals have been developed to protect such categories of the population as women, children, prisoners of war, the wounded and the sick. The main organizational measures at the national level include: preventing and combating all forms of discrimination, gender-based violence, human trafficking and slavery, providing quality assistance to victims; conducting a timely investigation and taking appropriate measures in respect of any cases of damage, confiscation and looting of property in the area of the Joint Forces Operation, the commission of other criminal offenses.

It is indicated to ensure adequate state guarantees for the protection of fundamental human rights: to life and the existence of legal mechanisms for effective investigation of violations of this right; to freedom and personal integrity, to effectively investigate the crimes of enforced disappearance, to release hostages, to restore their rights and to ensure their rehabilitation; to an independent, fair trial within a reasonable time.
Lower and upper estimates of semi-global and global solutions to mixed-type functional differential equations
Authors: Diblík J. , Vážanová G.
Published: February 2022

In the paper, nonlinear systems of mixed-type functional differential equations are analyzed and the existence of semi-global and global solutions is proved. In proofs, the monotone iterative technique and Schauder-Tychonov fixed-point theorem are used. In addition to proving the existence of global solutions, estimates of their co-ordinates are derived as well. Linear variants of results are considered and the results are illustrated by selected examples.
Sparse Data-Driven Quadrature Rules via ℓ
p
-Quasi-Norm Minimization
Authors: Manucci Mattia , Aguado Jose Vicente , Borzacchiello Domenico
Published: February 2022

This paper is concerned with the use of the focal underdetermined system solver to recover sparse empirical quadrature rules for parametrized integrals from existing data. This algorithm, originally proposed for image and signal reconstruction, relies on an approximated

ℓ
p

{\ell^{p}}

-quasi-norm minimization. Compared to

ℓ
1

{\ell^{1}}

-norm minimization, the choice of

0
<
p
<
1

{0<p<1}

provides a natural framework to accommodate usual constraints which quadrature rules must fulfil.
We also extend an a priori error estimate available for the

ℓ
1

{\ell^{1}}

-norm formulation by considering the error resulting from data compression. Finally, we present numerical examples to investigate the numerical performance of our method and compare our results to both

ℓ
1

{\ell^{1}}

-norm minimization and nonnegative least squares method. Matlab codes related to the numerical examples and the algorithms described are provided.
Application of radio analytical tracer technique to study the performance of industrial grade ion exchange resin exposed to UV radiations
Authors: Singare Pravin U.
Published: February 2022

The thermodynamics and kinetics of bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions performed by using fresh and UV radiation degraded industrial grade anion exchange resin Duolite A-638 resins were studied by application of radio analytical tracer technique. The reaction rate k in min−1 for the fresh resin decreases sharply with decrease in wavelength of UV radiations. Thus for 0.200 M labeled bromide ion solution maintained at a constant temperature of 30.0 °C, the k value for fresh resin (0.367 min−1), decreases to 0.335 min−1 for λ384 UV radiation degraded resin, which further decreases to 0.273 min−1 for λ284 UV radiation degraded resin. Under identical experimental conditions, the thermodynamic parameters like energy of activation (−1.65 kJ/mol), enthalpy of activation (−4.24 kJ/mol), free energy of activation (64.85 kJ/mol), and entropy of activation (−0.229 kJ/K/mol) calculated for the fresh resin increases to −1.61 kJ/mol, −4.19 kJ/mol, 64.92 kJ/mol, and −0.228 kJ/K/mol respectively for λ384 UV radiation degraded resin; which further increases to −1.60 kJ/mol, −4.18 kJ/mol, 65.17 kJ/mol, and −0.228 kJ/K/mol respectively for λ284 UV radiation degraded resin. Increase in thermodynamic parameters calculated here for the fresh and degraded resins suggests that decrease in wavelength of UV radiations has catastrophic effect on the resin making the bromide ion-isotopic exchange reactions thermodynamically less feasible. The impact of UV radiation on resin degradation was supported by their characterization study using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) techniques.
Study of a perforated hollow cylinder and twisted tape inserts as a compound device in a circular tube for heat transfer enhancement
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Siddharth  , Kumar Manoj , Patil Anil Kumar , Chamoli Sunil
Published: February 2022

In the present study, the effect of perforated hollow cylinders and twisted tapes on fluid flow and heat transfer behavior of a circular tube is presented for the Reynolds number (Re) range of 6000–40,000. The diametrical ratio (DR) and perforation index (PI) of compound devices are varied to determine the Nusselt number (Nu) and friction factor (f) for the combined perforated hollow cylinder (PHC) and twisted tape (TT) insert. The maximum value of Nusselt number ratio is found to be 3.19 and the minimum value of the friction factor ratio is obtained as 2.24. The PHC–TT combination provides the maximum thermal enhancement factor (TEF) of 2.43 for PI = 8%, and DR = 0.5.
CRRT influences PICCO measurements in febrile critically ill patients
Authors: Xu Qiancheng , Cao Yuhan , Lu Weihua , Li Jianguo
Published: February 2022

The aim of this study was to investigate whether continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) influences the global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI), cardiac index (CI), and extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) measured by Pulse Index Continuous Cardiac Output (PICCO) in febrile patients. Fifteen fever patients were included in this study. CI, GEDVI, EVLWI, heart rate (HR), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured at five time-points: before CRRT (T0), immediately after CRRT started (T1), 15 min after CRRT started (T2), immediately after CRRT stopped (T3), and 15 min after CRRT stopped (T4). Results have shown that CI and GEDVI were decreased significantly in T1 (CI: 4.09 ± 0.72 vs 2.81 ± 0.58 L/min m2, P = 0.000 and GEDVI: 727.86 ± 63.47 vs 531.07 ± 66.63 mL/m2, P = 0.000). However, CI and GEDVI were significantly increased in T3 (CI: 4.09 ± 0.72 vs 7.23 ± 1.32 L/min m2, P = 0.000 and GEDVI 727.86 ± 63.47 vs 1339.17 ± 121.52 mL/m2, P = 0.000). There were no significant differences in T2 and T4. Among the five-time points, no measurement errors were observed with regards to HR, MAP, and EVLWI. Therefore, the data herein contained suggests that PICCO measurements should begin 15 min after the start or stop of CRRT.
Toward Degrowth: Worker Power, Surveillance Abolition, and Climate Justice at Amazon
Authors: Vgontzas Nantina
Published: February 2022

Amazon is facing growing scrutiny over its workplace, community, and environmental harms, but interventions remain fragmented: grassroots organizing efforts against productivity quotas and diesel emissions have yet to be incorporated into policy debates over whether Amazon should be broken up or operated under direct public provision. Meanwhile, the company continues to define how people buy, sell, invest, and work, positioning itself to control global supply chains. This article challenges the perceived inevitability of Amazon’s growth. Linking questions of harm mitigation and economic governance, it shows how the various struggles being waged against Amazon point to an emergent counterhegemonic vision for Amazon, one marked by worker power, surveillance abolition, and ecological degrowth. This approach nests contingent organizing opportunities within a comprehensive vision of social transformation, assimilating seemingly conflicting reform paths. Rather than counterposing antitrust and nationalization, the article treats these as levers along a continuum of degrowing Amazon and realigning its operative principles around social need.
Créer du sens à distance : une lecture weickienne des pratiques de travail de résilience en période pandémique
Authors: Estagnasié Claire , Vásquez Consuelo , Bonneau Claudine
Published: February 2022

Par son côté soudain et inédit, la pandémie de COVID-19 a causé un effondrement des repères traditionnels du travail, une situation jamais vue auparavant, ce que Karl Weick appelle un « vu jàdé ». Certaines organisations, dans l’obligation de fonctionner à distance lors des périodes de confinement sanitaires, ont pu résister, voire se réinventer. Cet article a pour objectif d’explorer, à la lumière de la théorie du sensemaking de Karl Weick, les capacités humaines et organisationnelles dans le déploiement du travail à distance à l’échelle globale pendant et après la crise sanitaire de la COVID-19. Pour cette recherche, neuf entrevues semi-structurées ont été menées avec des salariés travaillant à distance, portant sur leurs pratiques quotidiennes de travail en lien avec l’aménagement de l’espace, des temporalités, les pratiques communicationnelles avec les outils numériques, et la collaboration avec les autres membres de l’organisation. Les quatre sources de « résilience organisationnelle » proposées par Weick (l’improvisation et le bricolage, le système des rôles virtuels, l’interaction respectueuse, la sagesse comme attitude) nous ont permis de dégager quelques pistes sur la manière dont les individus se sont adaptés à cette période particulière à travers leurs pratiques quotidiennes de travail, que nous qualifions de « pratiques de résilience ». La contribution principale de cette recherche est de rendre opérationnel le cadre conceptuel de Weick dans un contexte distancié.
Les entreprises libérées : en quête du dernier Eldorado
Authors: Gagnon Olivier
Published: February 2022

Les organisations sont constamment à la recherche d’une formule leur permettant à la fois d’être hautement concurrentielles tout en assurant à la main-d’oeuvre une qualité de vie au travail. Le modèle de l’entreprise libérée répond en théorie à ces besoins. Toutefois, il importe de valider empiriquement les attentes. La présente étude mettra à l’avant-plan une société québécoise qui a instauré l’entreprise libérée. Nous tenterons de faire ressortir les conditions de succès ou les éléments phares qui ont permis à cette société de réussir sa libéralisation. Cette recherche exploratoire à cas unique vise à mieux cerner les spécifications propres aux entreprises adoptant ce modèle.
Évolutions de l’intelligence artificielle au travail et collaborations humain-machine
Authors: Côté Anne-Marie , Su Zhan
Published: February 2022

L'intelligence artificielle (IA) est de plus en plus présente dans toutes les sphères de la société. Elle est d’ailleurs sur le point de bouleverser radicalement les milieux de travail et la vie quotidienne. Cette évolution imminente suscite cependant de nombreuses inquiétudes, notamment sur le marché du travail. Le déploiement de l'IA pourrait supprimer plus d'emplois qu'il n'en crée et modifier leur nature, y compris dans le cas des emplois qualifiés. En réponse à la pandémie de COVID-19, de nombreuses entreprises à travers le monde ont dû prendre dans l’urgence le virage numérique afin d’assurer leur survie. Cette crise pourrait d’ailleurs constituer un tournant dans l'adoption de nouvelles technologies telles que l'IA. Cette étude explore les grandes tendances associées aux évolutions qu’apporte l’IA au marché du travail et aux nouvelles collaborations humain-machine. Allant bien au-delà de la simple automatisation de processus de tâches répétitives, l’alliance de l’IA à l’humain a le potentiel d’augmenter les capacités humaines, de permettre aux individus de mieux travailler ensemble et ainsi de devenir un puissant levier d’innovation et de créativité.
Ville intelligente, démocratie et durabilité : l’improbable quadrature du cercle
Authors: Simard Martin
Published: February 2022

La ville intelligente, également appelée smart city, est un concept à la mode qui participe aux stratégies de marketing territorial. Pour une municipalité, le fait de se réclamer de la ville intelligente est un symbole de modernité qui laisse présager l’attractivité, des emplois dans les domaines technologiques et une gestion urbaine plus efficace. Ce virage urbanistique se ferait dans le respect de la démocratie et du développement durable. C’est du moins l’idée qui transpire plus ou moins formellement de la plupart des écrits sur le sujet. Dans cet article, nous adopterons un regard critique sur la ville intelligente en faisant ressortir que les pratiques qui y sont associées pourraient connaître des dérives.
Vigne et vignobles au Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, au Québec : du nouveau dans le paysage
Authors: Gauthier Majella-J.
Published: February 2022

L’activité viticole constitue un phénomène nouveau dans les régions réputées froides comme le Québec, particulièrement dans la région du Saguenay–Lac-Saint-Jean, située au nord de la vallée du Saint- Laurent. Le réchauffement climatique, les choix de cépages rustiques, une meilleure détermination des milieux écogéographiques et une ouverture sur la connaissance agronomique des gens constituent le coeur du changement dans le paysage et dans la structure des activités économiques. Si bien qu’aujourd’hui, des dizaines d’entités produisent du raisin et souvent embouteillent du vin aux saveurs originales.
Julie Bouchard, professeure et chercheuse en neuropsychologie clinique
Authors: Desjardins France , Simard Jeanne
Published: February 2022

Depuis son arrivée à l’UQAC il y a 13 ans, les intérêts de recherche de la professeure et chercheuse Julie Bouchard sont, entre autres, les effets de la musique sur les fonctions cognitives chez les personnes atteintes de dyslexie et d’un trouble déficitaire de l’attention ainsi que les robots d’assistance sociale chez la personne âgée en déclin cognitif et ayant différentes pathologies cérébrales telles que les troubles neurocognitifs (Alzheimer) et les atteintes cognitives de l’ataxie récessive spastique de Charlevoix- Saguenay. Elle s’implique activement au sein du Laboratoire d’intelligence ambiante pour la reconnaissance d’activités (LIARA), qui développe l’intelligence artificielle pour les personnes ayant des problèmes de santé, dont les déficiences cognitives.
Calretinin-Expressing Synapses Show Improved Synaptic Efficacy with Reduced Asynchronous Release during High-Rate Activity
Authors: Zhang Chuangeng , Wang Meijian , Lin Shengyin , Xie Ruili
Published: February 2022

Calretinin (CR) is a major calcium binding protein widely expressed in the CNS. However, its synaptic function remains largely elusive. At the auditory synapse of the endbulb of Held, CR is selectively expressed in different subtypes. Combining electrophysiology with immunohistochemistry, we investigated the synaptic transmission at the endbulb of Held synapses with and without endogenous CR expression in mature CBA/CAJ mice of either sex. Two synapse subtypes showed similar basal synaptic transmission, except a larger quantal size in CR-expressing synapses. During high-rate stimulus trains, CR-expressing synapses showed improved synaptic efficacy with significantly less depression and lower asynchronous release, suggesting more efficient exocytosis than non-CR-expressing synapses. Conversely, CR-expressing synapses had a smaller readily releasable pool size, which was countered by higher release probability and faster synaptic recovery to support sustained release during high-rate activity. EGTA-AM treatment did not change the synaptic transmission of CR-expressing synapses, but reduced synaptic depression and decreased asynchronous release at non-CR-expressing synapses, suggesting that CR helps to minimize calcium accumulation during high-rate activity. Both synapses express parvalbumin, another calcium-binding protein with slower kinetics and higher affinity than CR, but not calbindin. Furthermore, CR-expressing synapses only express the fast isoform of vesicular glutamate transporter 1 (VGluT1), while most non-CR-expressing synapses express both VGluT1 and the slower VGluT2, which may underlie their lagged synaptic recovery. The findings suggest that, paired with associated synaptic machinery, differential CR expression regulates synaptic efficacy among different subtypes of auditory nerve synapses to accomplish distinctive physiological functions in transmitting auditory information at high rates.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTCR is a major calcium-binding protein in the brain. It remains unclear how endogenous CR impacts synaptic transmission. We investigated the question at the large endbulb of Held synapses with selective CR expression and found that CR-expressing and non-CR-expressing synapses had similar release properties under basal synaptic transmission. During high-rate activity, however, CR-expressing synapses showed improved synaptic efficacy with less depression, lower asynchronous release, and faster recovery. Furthermore, CR-expressing synapses use exclusive VGluT1 to refill synaptic vesicles, while non-CR-expressing synapses use both VGluT1 and the slower isoform of VGluT2. Our findings suggest that CR may play significant roles in promoting synaptic efficacy during high-rate activity, and selective CR expression can differentially impact signal processing among different synapses.
Behavioral and Neural Dissociation of Social Anxiety and Loneliness
Authors: Lieberz Jana , Shamay-Tsoory Simone G. , Saporta Nira , Kanterman Alisa , Gorni Jessica , Esser Timo , Kuskova Ekaterina , Schultz Johannes , Hurlemann René , Scheele Dirk
Published: February 2022

Loneliness is a public health concern with detrimental effects on physical and mental well-being. Given phenotypical overlaps between loneliness and social anxiety (SA), cognitive-behavioral interventions targeting SA might be adopted to reduce loneliness. However, whether SA and loneliness share the same underlying neurocognitive mechanisms is still an elusive question. The current study aimed at investigating to what extent known behavioral and neural correlates of social avoidance in SA are evident in loneliness. We used a prestratified approach involving 42 (21 females) participants with high loneliness (HL) and 40 (20 females) participants with low loneliness (LL) scores. During fMRI, participants completed a social gambling task to measure the subjective value of engaging in social situations and responses to social feedback. Univariate and multivariate analyses of behavioral and neural data replicated known task effects. However, although HL participants showed increased SA, loneliness was associated with a response pattern clearly distinct from SA. Specifically, contrary to expectations based on SA differences, Bayesian analyses revealed moderate evidence for equal subjective values of engaging in social situations and comparable amygdala responses to social decision-making and striatal responses to positive social feedback in both groups. Moreover, while explorative analyses revealed reduced pleasantness ratings, increased striatal activity, and decreased striatal-hippocampal connectivity in response to negative computer feedback in HL participants, these effects were diminished for negative social feedback. Our findings suggest that, unlike SA, loneliness is not associated with withdrawal from social interactions. Thus, established interventions for SA should be adjusted when targeting loneliness.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTLoneliness can cause serious health problems. Adapting well-established cognitive-behavioral therapies targeting social anxiety might be promising to reduce chronic loneliness given a close link between both constructs. However, a better understanding of behavioral and neurobiological factors associated with loneliness is needed to identify which specific mechanisms of social anxiety are shared by lonely individuals. We found that lonely individuals show a consistently distinct pattern of behavioral and neural responsiveness to social decision-making and social feedback compared with previous findings for social anxiety. Our results indicate that loneliness is associated with a biased emotional reactivity to negative events rather than social avoidance. Our findings thus emphasize the distinctiveness of loneliness from social anxiety and the need for adjusted psychotherapeutic protocols.
Exploratory factor structural of environmental perception
Authors: Lirios Cruz García , Bustos Aguayo José Marcos , Nájera Margarita Jua´rez , Sandoval Vazquez Francisco Ruben
Published: February 2022

Studies of risk perception, in relation to the governance of risk events, have advanced towards a management, production and knowledge transfer system focused on the impact of the media on audiences and eventually on the leaders of Civil protection institutions, but the absence of research encouraged the present work to establish the reliability and validity of an instrument. The proposal was based on a non-experimental study and a non-probabilistic sample selection of 100 students from a public university. Based on a structural model, it was found that Internet users perceive risks and affect media perception and perception social on the perception of risk events, although there are lines of research concerning the mediation of such dependency relationships.
Спектроскопія домішкових станів у сплавах Cu−Mn
Authors: Стащук В.С. , Бондар В.М. , Полянська О.П. , Філіпов Я.В.
Published: February 2022

Еліпсометричним методом при кімнатній температурі виміряно показники заломлення n та поглинання χ невпорядкованих сплавів Cu–Mn з концентраціями 2; 5; 10; 17,5; 25; 37,5 та 50% марганцю в широкому спектральному діапазоні 0,23–2,8 мкм (0,44–5,39 еВ). На основі цих даних розраховано оптичну провідність σ, яка пов'язана з міжзонними переходами. В області внутрішньозонного поглинання визначено частоту зіткнень γ та концентраціюелектронів провідності N. Встановлено, що в електронному спектрі міді при додаванні марганцю формується нова домішкова зона, розташована на відстані 2,2 еВ нижче від рівня Фермі, і яка розщеплюється внаслідок обмінної взаємодії на дві енергетичні підзони.
Вплив термічної активації носіїв заряду на температурні залежності темнового струму, фотопровідність та фотолюмінесценцію гетероструктур In0,4Ga0,6As/GaAs з квантовими точками
Authors: Вакуленко О.В. , Головинський С.Л. , Кондратенко С.В. , Гринь І.А. , Стрільчук В.В.
Published: February 2022

У даній роботі досліджено In0,4Ga0,6As/GaAs гетероструктуру з ланцюгами квантових точок. Температурними дослідженнями темнового струму встановлено існування анізотропії електричних властивостей структури у температурному діапазоні від 77до 150 К. Обчислено значення величин локалізації хвильової функції та середню довжину стрибка у гетеросистемі. Методом спектроскопії латерального фотоструму та фотолюмінесценції досліджено енергетичну структуру гетеросистеми. Запропоновано теоретичну модель опису температурної залежності латерального фотоструму, в рамках якої з експериментальної залежності отримано значення енергій активації для електронів та важких дірок.
The Continued Rise of Venous Thromboembolism Across US Children’s Hospitals
Authors: O’Brien Sarah H , Stanek Joseph R , Witmer Char M , Raffini Leslie
Published: February 2022

OBJECTIVES

In 2009, a large multicenter study demonstrated that the rate of pediatric venous thromboembolism (VTE) across US children’s hospitals had significantly increased from 2001 to 2007. The objective of this study was to evaluate the rate of pediatric VTE from 2008 to 2019 using similar methodology.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study using the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database. Subjects from birth to <18 years admitted from 2008 through 2019 who had an ICD-9-CM or ICD-10-CM code for VTE were included. Demographics, underling medical comorbidities and mortality were collected. VTE location and anticoagulation data during admission were extracted.

RESULTS

During the 12-year study period, there were 52 401 hospital admissions among 39 713 pediatric patients with a diagnosis of VTE. The VTE admission rate increased from 46 VTE cases per 10 000 admissions in 2008 to 106 VTE cases per 10 000 admissions in 2019, a 130% increase (P < .0001) in VTE events. The median age at admission was 6.1 years, and almost one-third (31.3%) of patients with VTE were in the adolescent age group (13–17 years). Most patients (78%) had an underlying chronic medical condition.

CONCLUSIONS

The rate of VTE in hospitalized pediatric patients continues to increase from a 70% increase reported from 2001 to 2007 to the 130% increase from 2008 to 2019. These findings support the need for more effective VTE prevention strategies. Clinical trials focused on risk stratification and VTE prevention are needed.
“The cost of a thing is the amount of what I will call life which is required to be exchanged for it”: The Concept of Economy (of Nature) in Thoreau’s Walden or Life in the Woods
Authors: Jajtner Tomáš
Published: February 2022

The present article investigates the notion of economy (of nature) in Thoreau’s Walden or Life in the Woods (1854); it introduces the context of coining the concept of economy of nature, presents the challenges of exploring nature in Romantic thought, and finally deals with Thoreau’s concept of “economy” as discussed in the first chapter of his opus magnum. Despite its historical grounding in the Romantic tradition and in the tradition of American Transcendentalism, Thoreau’s idea of “economy” represents a remarkably fresh version of a sustainable lifestyle, combining scientific observation with profound philosophical and poetic insights.
Paths of Monastic Practice from India to Sri Lanka: Responses to L.S. Cousins’ Work on Scholars and Meditators
Authors: Clough Bradley
Published: February 2022

In 1996, L. S Cousins published a groundbreaking piece on paths of monastic practice titled ‘Scholar Monks and Meditator Monks Revisited’ (Powers and Prebish 2009, 31–46). As the title suggests, this work reconsiders the role of two types of monks, doing so by closely analyzing a famous sutta (Mahācunda Sutta, A III 355–356) that depicts a strong dispute between jhāyins or ‘meditators’ and dhammayogas, whom scholarship has almost universally defined as ‘scholars’. Because of this, almost all have interpreted this debate as the first sign in early Indian Buddhism of a great bifurcation in the saṅgha between those concentrating on book learning (pariyatti) and those concentrating on practice (paṭipatti) — a split that became more and more marked over the centuries until the division became more or less official in medieval Sri Lanka. Cousins convincingly contests this history, with one of his main points being that the dhammayogas were not at all just scholars. Like the meditators, theirs was a practical path that resulted in profound realization of the Dhamma, albeit a different path from that of the meditators. Cousins then goes even further, arguing that the split between scholars and meditators is not very evident in South Asian Buddhist history until the time of Buddhaghosa and thereafter. My intention here is to respond as fully as possible to Cousins’ methods and conclusions, by offering evidence and arguments that sometimes support his work further and sometimes critique his work. This is done in the spirit of spurring on more discussions on this important, complex, and contested issue.
An Ekottarika-āgama Discourse Without Parallels: From Perception of Impermanence to the Pure Land
Authors: Analayo Bhikkhu
Published: February 2022

With the present paper I study and translate a discourse in the Ekottarikaāgama preserved in Chinese of which no parallel in other discourse collections is known. This situation relates to the wider issue of what significance to accord to the absence of parallels from the viewpoint of the early Buddhist oral transmission. The main topic of the discourse itself is perception of impermanence, which is of central importance in the early Buddhist scheme of the path for cultivating liberating insight. A description of the results of such practice in this Ekottarika-āgama discourse has a somewhat ambivalent formulation that suggests a possible relation to the notion of rebirth in the Pure Abodes, suddhāvāsa. This notion, attested in a Pāli discourse, in turn might have provided a precedent for the aspiration, prominent in later Buddhist traditions, to be reborn in the Pure Land.
The Formation of Canons in the Early Indian nikāyas or Schools in the Light of the New Gāndhārī Manuscript Finds
Authors: Allon Mark
Published: February 2022

The new Gāndhārī manuscript finds from Afghanistan and Pakistan, which date from approximately the first century BCE to the third or fourth century CE, are the earliest manuscript witnesses to the literature of the Indian Buddhist nikāyas or schools. They preserve texts whose parallels are found in the various Tripiṭakas, or what remains of them, preserved in other languages and belonging to various nikāyas, including sections of āgamas such as the Ekottarikāgama and Vana-saṃyutta of the Saṃyutta-nikāya/Saṃyuktāgama and anthologies of such sūtras, besides many texts that are not generally classed as “canonical”, such as commentaries. These very early collections of texts raise questions concerning canon-formation, such as whether the Gandhāran communities that produced these manuscripts had fixed āgama collections and closed canons or whether this material witnesses a stage in which collections and canons were still relatively fluid and open, and whether these manuscripts, which span several centuries, witness a shift towards fixity. This paper addresses these issues and re-examines our understanding of the formation of the canons of the early Indian nikāyas in light of the new Gāndhārī manuscript finds.
Theriya Networks and the Circulation of the Pali Canon in South Asia: The Vibhajjavādins Reconsidered
Authors: Wynne Alex
Published: February 2022

This article offers further support for Lance Cousins’ thesis that the Pāli canon, written down in the first century BCE in Sri Lanka, was based largely on a Theriya manuscript tradition from South India. Attention is also given to some of Cousins’ related arguments, in particular, that this textual transmission occurred within a Vibhajjavādin framework; that it occurred in a form of ‘proto-Pāli’ close to the Standard Epigraphical Prakrit of the first century BCE; and that that distinct Sinhalese nikāyas emerged perhaps as late as the third century CE.
The Falun Gong Political Narative: Creating the Illusion of So-called "Forced Organ Harvesting"
Authors: Fraser Campbell
Published: February 2022

The Falun Gong (FLG) organization have for the last several years placed stories of so called forced organ harvesting as central to their sustained and concerted effort to undermine the Chinese government, and specifically, the Communist Party of China. These claims have been comprehensively investigated by a team of internationally renowned experts in human organ transplantation, and dismissed as fabrications. Despite the fact that this expert group has reached this conclusion, based on several trips to China, the FLG continue to lobby governments and international organizations with what they claim to be evidence of ongoing mass murder of their members in China. There is a clear reason for this; the FLG have invested so much time and effort into promoting so-called forced organ harvesting as their central battleground theme, they must find ways to perpetuate these rumors for fear of loss of face in the international community. The FLG have been careful to position themselves as victims, and have used this mentality throughout in order to present their case as an underdog against the might of China. In “The Falun Gong Political Narrative – Creating the Illusion of co-called ‘Forced Organ Harvesting,’” Campbell Fraser explores the manifestations of this victim mentality, through an analysis of the FLG organization and its supporters.
Um olhar sobre as benzedeiras do município de Quirinópolis: entre a cultura, a religião e a medicina popular
Authors: Azevedo Gilson Xavier de , Lemos Carolina Teles
Published: February 2022

O objetivo desta pesquisa é o de situar a figura das benzedeiras a partir de três contextos a saber: a cultura, a religião e a medicina populares. O presente estudo se justifica a partir das muitas benzedeiras encontradas no município de Quirinópolis, 23 ao todo, sudoeste do Estado de goiás entre os anos de 2013 e 2016. O problema central é verificar como se dão as condições de permanência dessas mulheres como uma espécie de artefato social em tempos de secularização. Trabalha-se como hipótese o fato de que as práticas de benzeção são uma forma de racionalização simbólica do mundo e de esperançamento, o que justifica sua procura. A metodologia empregada na pesquisa é a de um estudo exploratório de caráter bibliográfico com pesquisa de campo, utilizando como instrumento de pesquisa um questionário fechado aplicado a dez mulheres. Realizou-se a análise qualitativa dos dados por meio dos conceitos de ‘popular’ e ‘oficial’ em relação em relação aos três contextos acima indicados. Aponta-se por resultado, a constatação de que as condições de permanência das práticas de benzeção tendem a durar por muito tempo ainda ou talvez enquanto a humanidade perdurar.
Autoridade religiosa, diversidade e o princípio pluralista
Authors: Ribeiro Claudio De Oliveira
Published: February 2022

O texto apresenta resultados de pesquisa sobre a diversidade no campo religioso brasileiro, analisada sob o princípio pluralista, e como ela incide no debate acerca do exercício da autoridade religiosa. Metodologicamente, os olhares a respeito das experiências religiosas priorizaram interpretá-las a partir dos entrelugares e fronteiras das culturas, dos espaços interstícios e não institucionais de poder e das possibilidades de visibilidade e empoderamento dos grupos subalternos. Com isso, foi possível realçar as formas pelas quais o poder é exercido internamente nos distintos contextos religiosos, considerando as diversas contradições e ambiguidades que possuem. Entre os resultados da pesquisa, estão descrições sobre o quadro do pluralismo religioso brasileiro, com destaque para a visão diversificada sobre autoridade religiosa, levando em conta o contexto plural da sociedade e a diversidade interna das expressões religiosas. Nesse quadro se destacam variados processos de reconfiguração do quadro religioso brasileiro, como o deslocamento do religioso para esferas culturais, o primado das experiências sensoriais no campo religioso, as variações que a diversidade sexual e de gênero trazem para o campo de cada expressão religiosa e as formas de fundamentalismos, ecumenismos, trânsitos e múltiplas participações religiosas. A pesquisa abordou também as fontes que conferem legitimidade à autoridade religiosa, possibilitando o exercício da liderança e da representação: (i) o conhecimento formal ou informal do texto sagrado (no caso das religiões que o possuem); (ii) as formas de sapiência acumuladas no conjunto das experiências de vida; (iii) o carisma que determinadas pessoas ou grupos cultivam e que reforça a capacidade de articulação e mobilização coletiva ou na gerência da vida comunitária ou institucional; e (iv) o status socioeconômico e cultural conferido pelas próprias comunidades ou instituições religiosas ou ainda por setores externos a elas.
Las causas de la caída del imperio inca bajo la perspectiva del inca garcilaso de la vega: una visión teológica del confronto entre el conquistador español y el Inca Atahualpa
Authors: Brito Cavalcante Elton Emanuel
Published: February 2022

Resumen: este trabajo es una reinterpretación del libro Los Comentarios Reales del Inca Garcilaso de la Vega. Aquí el objetivo es contestar a la pregunta: ¿Por qué cayó el Imperio Inca a manos de un grupo diminuto de soldados españoles, hambrientos y cansados? De entre las varias respuestas posibles, se acatará la que pone la caída como un proceso aún en marcha de cumplimiento de la profecía dada por Dios a Abrahán, de que este sería el padre de una infinidad de naciones. Para justificar ese punto de vista, se tendrá por base la tesis de Garcilaso de que en el Imperio Inca mucho había de común con la tradición y costumbres abrahámicas, sobre todo en tratándose del mito de la creación del Cusco, puesto que este describe de forma similar el periplo del patriarca bíblico y su esposa hasta Canaán. Adviértase que el parangón que aquí se hace no tiene nada que ver con la cuestión del catolicismo haberse sobrepuesto o no a las religiones indígenas, puesto que Abrahán es patriarca de judíos, cristianos y musulmanes, incluso llegando a India, China y Japón. Así, el profeta no pertenecía a ninguna de estas religiones, pues su misión era la de encaminar el hombre hacia la noción de Dios, el creador, el que saca el hombre de la salvajería y le enseña a huir del mal. Por lo tanto, entre los mismísimos incas, algo de la idea abrahámica ya existía, aunque aplastada por el culto al dios incaico central, el sol. Por lo tanto, el intento aquí no es el de decir que una religión es mejor que la otra, sino el de demostrar que en la de los incas ya había, como lo dijo Garcilaso, el germen de la fe abrahámica.
İşsizlik süresine etki eden faktörlerin yaşam analizi yöntemleri ile araştırılması
Authors: Karapınar Deniz , Zorlutuna Şebnem
Published: February 2022

İşsizlik, çalışabilecek durumda olan ve çalışma isteğinde olan kişilerin bir bölümünün çeşitli sebeplerden dolayı işlerinin olmamasını ifade etmektedir. İşsizlik ülkelerin sosyal ve ekonomik durumlarına göre farklılıklar gösterse de çoğu ülkenin en fazla mücadele ettiği sorunlardan biri olarak karşılaşılmaktadır. Türkiye de yıllar itibari ile hemen hemen her dönem görülen yüksek işsizlik oranları ile mücadele eden bir ülkedir. Bu sebeple işsizlik süresini etkileyen faktörlerin araştırılması oldukça önemlidir.

Bu çalışmanın amacı; 2015-2018 yıllarına ait TÜİK Yaşam ve Gelir Araştırması Anketi verilerinden yararlanarak yıllık işsizlik süresine etki eden faktörleri, ortalama işsizlik süresini Yaşam Analizi Yöntemleri ile belirlemektir. Çalışmada, yaşam analizi ile bireylerin referans yılında ortalama işsiz kalma süreleri tahmin edilmiştir. Yaşam analizi yöntemlerinden Yaşam Tablosu yöntemi kullanılarak bireylerin işsiz kalma olasılıkları, Kaplan-Meier ve Cox Regresyon yöntemi ile ortalama işsizlik süresi ve işsizliğe etki eden faktörler belirlenmiştir.
Beyond Impunity: New Directions for Governance in Malawi
Authors:   Zomba Theological College, Ross Kenneth R. , Chiweza Asiyati Lorraine ,   University of Malawi, Mulwafu Wapulumuka O. ,   Mzuzu University
Published: February 2022

"The events of 2019/2020 were momentous not just for democracy in Malawi but for the wider region. This book is essential reading for anyone working on Malawian politics or democratic consolidation more broadly." Nic Cheeseman, Professor of Democracy, University of Birmingham "Comprehensive, compelling. accessible and timely ... the best book I have read recently on the country's complex, contradictory, messy and disappointing political and socio-economic dispensation since the dawn of the era of multi-party democracy in 1994." Paul Tiyambe Zeleza, Vice Chancellor, United States lnternational University-Africa
Food for Africa: The life and work of a scientist in GM crops
Authors: Thomson Jennifer
Published: February 2022

Jennifer Thomson is one of the world’s leading advisors on genetically modified crops. In Food for Africa she traces, through anecdote and science, her career and the development of this area of research — from the dawn of genetic engineering in the USA in 1974, through the early stages of its testing in Europe and regulation in South Africa, to the latest developments in South Africa, where an updated Bioeconomy Strategy was approved in early 2013. As a young scientist she chose to study bacterial genetics, negotiating her way in a very male-dominated arena. It led to her path-breaking involvement in the development of GM research in South Africa — where approximately 80% of maize grown currently is genetically modified for insect and herbicide resistance ­— and the spread of this technology to other parts of Africa. Experiments conducted with smallholder farmers in Kenya, Uganda, Tanzania and Mozambique now mean that insect-resistant cowpea, disease-resistant bananas, virus-resistant cassava, drought-tolerant maize and vitamin-enriched sorghum can be grown in Africa successfully. This book describes a remarkable personal and scientific evolution and looks to a future in which GM technology allows for the possibility of achieving food security throughout Africa by means of staple crops grown in difficult conditions by smallholder farmers.
Sustentabilidade: um conceito de organização social das ordens de conservação e transformação do mundo
Authors: Fiscina Luciano
Published: February 2022

Resumo Este estudo apresenta uma análise semântica do termo sustentabilidade, procurando identificar se seria possível extrair do seu uso estratégico um projeto social. Parte-se da hipótese de que existe uma vacuidade conceitual em seu uso, de modo que suas projeções semânticas não são suficientes para estruturá-lo como conceito organizador de processos sociais compatíveis. Sob o enfoque deste trabalho, o termo sustentabilidade se constituiria no interior da atividade psicológica imanente ao sujeito, que busca interpretar seu mundo e explicar suas ordens de conservação e transformação. O método da pesquisa envolve a construção de um sistema de interpretação do termo sustentabilidade que designa forças semânticas presentes no seu emprego. Observou-se que não é possível extrair do seu uso um conceito de organização social, mas de construções teóricas transformacionistas que se impõem como necessidades lógicas com resignado apelo às referências tecnocientíficas e, ao mesmo tempo, como elemento intersubjetivo regulador de processos socioambientais não revolucionários.
Microbiological contamination in a university veterinary hospital
Authors: Giotto Christian Carpeggiani , Koprovski Naiara Vitoria Ferreira Cortes , Souza Thaís Teixeira de , Barros Rosângela Abreu Monteiro de , Starikoff Karina Ramirez
Published: February 2022

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological contamination of the different sectors of a university veterinary hospital, the efficiency of the sanitation procedures performed, and the resistance to antimicrobials and disinfectants. Fourteen environmental samples and seven swab samples were collected from procedure tables of the different sectors. During analysis, the following microorganisms were found: bacterial species Rothia spp., coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Enterococcus spp. and zygomycete fungi (could not be classified in genus due to the absence of reproductive structures) and other fungal species Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum spp., Drechslera spp., Scopulariopsis spp., and Penicillium spp. The bacterial species were submitted to a sensitivity assessment of the antimicrobials used in routine prescription. Rothia spp. and S. aureus were resistant only to erythromycin (15 µg), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp. were resistant to erythromycin (15 µg) and sulfazotrim (25 µg), and Enterococcus spp. were resistant to ampicillin (10 µg). For the effectiveness test of disinfectants, the products used to sanitize hospital surfaces were tested. All microorganisms in this study were resistant to 1% sodium hypochlorite solution. Rothia spp. and Enterococcus spp. were resistant to 70% ethyl alcohol. The best results were found using pure sodium hypochlorite and benzalkonium chloride, pure and diluted to 20%, which showed a bactericidal effect against all tested microorganisms. These data are relevant for knowledge of the hospital microbiota at the intersection of possible cases of hospital infections.
Angiosperm diversity in a Lowland Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in Pernambuco State, Brazil
Authors: Pereira-Silva Rafaela Alves , Gama Beatriz Rayrana de Araújo , Oliveira Joésili Cristina Pereira de , Mendes Jone Clebson Ribeiro , Barbosa Jorge Irapuan de Souza , Athiê-Souza Sarah Maria , Santos Leidiana Lima dos , Sales Margareth Ferreira de , Bocage Ana Luiza Du
Published: February 2022

Abstract: Angiosperm species growing in a fragment of Lowland Semideciduous Seasonal Forest in the Tapacurá Ecological Station (TES) in Pernambuco State (Brazil) were surveyed. Botanical collections to compose a species list were undertaken and these species identified by comparisons with specimens deposited in the HST, PEUFR and IPA herbaria, in addition to online database queries. A total of 479 species were identified, belonging to 81 families and 285 genera. The families with the largest numbers of species were Fabaceae (68), Rubiaceae (25), Malvaceae (20), Myrtaceae (20), Cyperaceae (19), Poaceae (19), Bromeliaceae (18), Euphorbiaceae (17), Asteraceae (16), and Sapindaceae (14), which together accounted for 49.27% of the total number of species. Great similarity was observed between our results and surveys of other lowland forests in northeastern Brazil, with the families Fabaceae, Rubiaceae, and Myrtaceae having the greatest species richness. This study added 44 new occurrences for Pernambuco State, demonstrating the richness and abundance of TES taxa and the importance of their conservation to the regional flora.