bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Increased anxiety in corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptor-null mice requires recent acute stress exposure and is associated with dysregulated serotonergic activity in limbic brain areas
Authors: Issler Orna , Carter Roderick N , Paul Evan D , Kelly Paul AT , Olverman Henry J , Neufeld-Cohen Adi , Kuperman Yael , Lowry Christopher A , Seckl Jonathan R , Chen Alon , Jamieson Pauline M
Published: January 2014

Background

Corticotropin-releasing factor type 2 receptors (CRFR2) are suggested to facilitate successful recovery from stress to maintain mental health. They are abundant in the midbrain raphe nuclei, where they regulate serotonergic neuronal activity and have been demonstrated to mediate behavioural consequences of stress. Here, we describe behavioural and serotonergic responses consistent with maladaptive recovery from stressful challenge in CRFR2-null mice.

Results

CRFR2-null mice showed similar anxiety levels to control mice before and immediately after acute restraint stress, and also after cessation of chronic stress. However, they showed increased anxiety by 24 hours after restraint, whether or not they had been chronically stressed.

Serotonin (5-HT) and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) contents were quantified and the level of 5-HIAA in the caudal dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) was increased under basal conditions in CRFR2-null mice, indicating increased 5-HT turnover. Twenty-four hours following restraint, 5-HIAA was decreased only in CRFR2-null mice, suggesting that they had not fully recovered from the challenge. In efferent limbic structures, CRFR2-null mice showed lower levels of basal 5-HT in the lateral septum and subiculum, and again showed a differential response to restraint stress from controls.

Local cerebral glucose utilization (LCMRglu) revealed decreased neuronal activity in the DRN of CRFR2-null mice under basal conditions. Following 5-HT receptor agonist challenge, LCMRglu responses indicated that 5-HT1A receptor responses in the DRN were attenuated in CRFR2-null mice. However, postsynaptic 5-HT receptor responses in forebrain regions were intact.

Conclusions

These results suggest that CRFR2 are required for proper functionality of 5-HT1A receptors in the raphe nuclei, and are key to successful recovery from stress. This disrupted serotonergic function in CRFR2-null mice likely contributes to their stress-sensitive phenotype. The 5-HT content in lateral septum and subiculum was notably altered. These areas are important for anxiety, and are also implicated in reward and the pathophysiology of addiction. The role of CRFR2 in stress-related psychopathologies deserves further consideration.
A new procedure to analyze the effect of air changes in building energy consumption
Authors: Barkhudaryan Naira , Orosa José A , Roshan Gholamreza
Published: January 2014

Background

Today, the International Energy Agency is working under good practice guides that integrate appropriate and cost effective technologies. In this paper a new procedure to define building energy consumption in accordance with the ISO 13790 standard was performed and tested based on real data from a Spanish region.

Results

Results showed that the effect of air changes on building energy consumption can be defined using the Weibull peak function model. Furthermore, the effect of climate change on building energy consumption under several different air changes was nearly nil during the summer season.

Conclusions

The procedure obtained could be the much sought-after solution to the problem stated by researchers in the past and future research works relating to this new methodology could help us define the optimal improvement in real buildings to reduce energy consumption, and its related carbon dioxide emissions, at minimal economical cost.
Interplay of choline metabolites and genes in patient-derived breast cancer xenografts
Authors: Grinde Maria T , Skrbo Nirma , Moestue Siver A , Rødland Einar A , Borgan Eldrid , Kristian Alexandr , Sitter Beathe , Bathen Tone F , Børresen-Dale Anne-Lise , Mælandsmo Gunhild M , Engebraaten Olav , Sørlie Therese , Marangoni Elisabetta , Gribbestad Ingrid S
Published: January 2014

Introduction

Dysregulated choline metabolism is a well-known feature of breast cancer, but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, the metabolomic and transcriptomic characteristics of a large panel of human breast cancer xenograft models were mapped, with focus on choline metabolism.

Methods

Tumor specimens from 34 patient-derived xenograft models were collected and divided in two. One part was examined using high-resolution magic angle spinning (HR-MAS) MR spectroscopy while another part was analyzed using gene expression microarrays. Expression data of genes encoding proteins in the choline metabolism pathway were analyzed and correlated to the levels of choline (Cho), phosphocholine (PCho) and glycerophosphocholine (GPC) using Pearson’s correlation analysis. For comparison purposes, metabolic and gene expression data were collected from human breast tumors belonging to corresponding molecular subgroups.

Results

Most of the xenograft models were classified as basal-like (N = 19) or luminal B (N = 7). These two subgroups showed significantly different choline metabolic and gene expression profiles. The luminal B xenografts were characterized by a high PCho/GPC ratio while the basal-like xenografts were characterized by highly variable PCho/GPC ratio. Also, Cho, PCho and GPC levels were correlated to expression of several genes encoding proteins in the choline metabolism pathway, including choline kinase alpha (CHKA) and glycerophosphodiester phosphodiesterase domain containing 5 (GDPD5). These characteristics were similar to those found in human tumor samples.

Conclusion

The higher PCho/GPC ratio found in luminal B compared with most basal-like breast cancer xenograft models and human tissue samples do not correspond to results observed from in vitro studies. It is likely that microenvironmental factors play a role in the in vivo regulation of choline metabolism. Cho, PCho and GPC were correlated to different choline pathway-encoding genes in luminal B compared with basal-like xenografts, suggesting that regulation of choline metabolism may vary between different breast cancer subgroups. The concordance between the metabolic and gene expression profiles from xenograft models with breast cancer tissue samples from patients indicates that these xenografts are representative models of human breast cancer and represent relevant models to study tumor metabolism in vivo.
Apoptotic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cell therapy protects against lung and kidney injury in sepsis syndrome caused by cecal ligation puncture in rats
Authors: Sung Pei-Hsun , Chang Chia-Lo , Tsai Tzu-Hsien , Chang Li-Teh , Leu Steve , Chen Yung-Lung , Yang Chic-Chao , Chua Sarah , Yeh Kuo-Ho , Chai Han-Tan , Chang Hsueh-Wen , Chen Hong-Hwa , Yip Hon-Kan
Published: January 2014

Introduction

We tested the hypothesis that apoptotic adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (A-ADMSC) are superior to healthy (H)-ADMSC in attenuating cecal ligation puncture (CLP)-induced sepsis-mediated lung and kidney injuries.

Methods

Adult male rats divided into group 1 (sham controls), group 2 (CLP), group 3 [CLP + H-ADMSC administered at 0.5, 6, and 18 hours after CLP], and group 4 [CLP + A-ADMSC administered as in group 3] were sacrificed 72 hours after CLP with blood, lung, and kidney collected for studies.

Results

White blood cell (WBC) count, circulating TNF-α and creatinine levels were higher in groups 2 and 3 than in groups 1 and 4 (all P < 0.001). Kidney and lung damage scores were highest in group 2, lowest in group 1, significantly higher in group 3 than in group 4 (all P < 0.0001). Protein expressions of inflammatory (ICAM-1, MMP-9, TNF-α, NF-κB), oxidative, and apoptotic (Bax, caspase-3, PARP) biomarkers were higher in groups 2 and 3 than groups 1 and 4, whereas anti-apoptotic (Bcl-2) and mitochondrial integrity (cytochrome-C) biomarkers were lower in groups 2 and 3 than in groups 1 and 4 (all P < 0.001). Expressions of anti-oxidant biomarkers at protein (GR, GPx, NQO-1, HO-1) and cellular (GR, GPx) levels were highest in group 4 (all P < 0.001). The number of inflammatory cells (CD3+) in lungs and levels of DNA damage marker (γ-H2AX) in kidneys were higher in groups 2 and 3 than in groups 1 and 4 (all P < 0.001).

Conclusions

A-ADMSC therapy was superior to H-ADMSC therapy in protecting major organs from damage in rats with CLP-induced sepsis syndrome.
The Class Composition of Russia’s Anti-Putin Movement
Authors: Chehonadskih Maria
Published: January 2014

In Russia, it appears that the media and the protesters represent the generalized view about the anti-Putin movement as a group resisting an oppressive regime. It’s difficult to say what came first—the ideological constriction of the official and liberal media opposing the provincial working class to a group of progressive and educated urban citizens or the post-Soviet (or post-shock) effects of depoliticization resulting in a mistrust of any form of class identification. From official representatives of the protest, we heard that the people demanded only a new election. However, would it be right to adapt all social and economic dissatisfaction to reformist slogans? This monolithic construct restricts the mass of people to the category of the privileged minority; this is not only a simplification but a conscious disregard of the multiplicity and differences of the social groups, which spontaneously joined the protest (including teachers, students, pensioners, office workers, and artists). This article first analyses the class composition of the mass mobilization in Russia and reflects on the monolithic oppositions of “anti-Putin”/“pro-Putin” and working class/creative class constructed through various political institutions. The article then examines the mechanisms of such reductions and discusses modes of subjectivations of the precarious urban classes in Russia.
Roles for FGF in lamprey pharyngeal pouch formation and skeletogenesis highlight ancestral functions in the vertebrate head
Authors: Jandzik David , Hawkins M. Brent , Cattell Maria V. , Cerny Robert , Square Tyler A. , Medeiros Daniel M.
Published: January 2014

A defining feature of vertebrates (craniates) is a pronounced head supported and protected by a cellularized endoskeleton. In jawed vertebrates (gnathostomes), the head skeleton is made of rigid three-dimensional elements connected by joints. By contrast, the head skeleton of modern jawless vertebrates (agnathans) consists of thin rods of flexible cellular cartilage, a condition thought to reflect the ancestral vertebrate state. To better understand the origin and evolution of the gnathostome head skeleton, we have been analyzing head skeleton development in the agnathan, lamprey. The fibroblast growth factors FGF3 and FGF8 have various roles during head development in jawed vertebrates, including pharyngeal pouch morphogenesis, patterning of the oral skeleton and chondrogenesis. We isolated lamprey homologs of FGF3, FGF8 and FGF receptors and asked whether these functions are ancestral features of vertebrate development or gnathostome novelties. Using gene expression and pharmacological agents, we found that proper formation of the lamprey head skeleton requires two phases of FGF signaling: an early phase during which FGFs drive pharyngeal pouch formation, and a later phase when they directly regulate skeletal differentiation and patterning. In the context of gene expression and functional studies in gnathostomes, our results suggest that these roles for FGFs arose in the first vertebrates and that the evolution of the jaw and gnathostome cellular cartilage was driven by changes developmentally downstream from pharyngeal FGF signaling.
Prox1 ablation in hepatic progenitors causes defective hepatocyte specification and increases biliary cell commitment
Authors: Seth Asha , Ye Jianming , Yu Nanjia , Guez Fanny , Bedford David C. , Neale Geoffrey A. , Cordi Sabine , Brindle Paul K. , Lemaigre Frederic P. , Kaestner Klaus H. , Sosa-Pineda Beatriz
Published: January 2014

The liver has multiple functions that preserve homeostasis. Liver diseases are debilitating, costly and often result in death. Elucidating the developmental mechanisms that establish the liver’s architecture or generate the cellular diversity of this organ should help advance the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of hepatic diseases. We previously reported that migration of early hepatic precursors away from the gut epithelium requires the activity of the homeobox gene Prox1. Here, we show that Prox1 is a novel regulator of cell differentiation and morphogenesis during hepatogenesis. Prox1 ablation in bipotent hepatoblasts dramatically reduced the expression of multiple hepatocyte genes and led to very defective hepatocyte morphogenesis. As a result, abnormal epithelial structures expressing hepatocyte and cholangiocyte markers or resembling ectopic bile ducts developed in the Prox1-deficient liver parenchyma. By contrast, excessive commitment of hepatoblasts into cholangiocytes, premature intrahepatic bile duct morphogenesis, and biliary hyperplasia occurred in periportal areas of Prox1-deficient livers. Together, these abnormalities indicate that Prox1 activity is necessary to correctly allocate cell fates in liver precursors. These results increase our understanding of differentiation anomalies in pathological conditions and will contribute to improving stem cell protocols in which differentiation is directed towards hepatocytes and cholangiocytes.
Targeted transgene integration overcomes variability of position effects in zebrafish
Authors: Roberts Jennifer Anne , Miguel-Escalada Irene , Slovik Katherine Joan , Walsh Kathleen Theodora , Hadzhiev Yavor , Sanges Remo , Stupka Elia , Marsh Elizabeth Kate , Balciuniene Jorune , Balciunas Darius , Müller Ferenc
Published: January 2014

Zebrafish transgenesis is increasingly popular owing to the optical transparency and external development of embryos, which provide a scalable vertebrate model for in vivo experimentation. The ability to express transgenes in a tightly controlled spatio-temporal pattern is an important prerequisite for exploitation of zebrafish in a wide range of biomedical applications. However, conventional transgenesis methods are plagued by position effects: the regulatory environment of genomic integration sites leads to variation of expression patterns of transgenes driven by engineered cis-regulatory modules. This limitation represents a bottleneck when studying the precise function of cis-regulatory modules and their subtle variants or when various effector proteins are to be expressed for labelling and manipulation of defined sets of cells. Here, we provide evidence for the efficient elimination of variability of position effects by developing a PhiC31 integrase-based targeting method. To detect targeted integration events, a simple phenotype scoring of colour change in the lens of larvae is used. We compared PhiC31-based integration and Tol2 transgenesis in the analysis of the activity of a novel conserved enhancer from the developmentally regulated neural-specific esrrga gene. Reporter expression was highly variable among independent lines generated with Tol2, whereas all lines generated with PhiC31 into a single integration site displayed nearly identical, enhancer-specific reporter expression in brain nuclei. Moreover, we demonstrate that a modified integrase system can also be used for the detection of enhancer activity in transient transgenesis. These results demonstrate the power of the PhiC31-based transgene integration for the annotation and fine analysis of transcriptional regulatory elements and it promises to be a generally desirable tool for a range of applications, which rely on highly reproducible patterns of transgene activity in zebrafish.
miR-335 promotes mesendodermal lineage segregation and shapes a transcription factor gradient in the endoderm
Authors: Yang Dapeng , Lutter Dominik , Burtscher Ingo , Uetzmann Lena , Theis Fabian J. , Lickert Heiko
Published: January 2014

Transcription factors (TFs) pattern developing tissues and determine cell fates; however, how spatio-temporal TF gradients are generated is ill defined. Here we show that miR-335 fine-tunes TF gradients in the endoderm and promotes mesendodermal lineage segregation. Initially, we identified miR-335 as a regulated intronic miRNA in differentiating embryonic stem cells (ESCs). miR-335 is encoded in the mesoderm-specific transcript (Mest) and targets the 3′-UTRs of the endoderm-determining TFs Foxa2 and Sox17. Mest and miR-335 are co-expressed and highly accumulate in the mesoderm, but are transiently expressed in endoderm progenitors. Overexpression of miR-335 does not affect initial mesendoderm induction, but blocks Foxa2- and Sox17-mediated endoderm differentiation in ESCs and ESC-derived embryos. Conversely, inhibition of miR-335 activity leads to increased Foxa2 and Sox17 protein accumulation and endoderm formation. Mathematical modeling predicts that transient miR-335 expression in endoderm progenitors shapes a TF gradient in the endoderm, which we confirm by functional studies in vivo. Taken together, our results suggest that miR-335 targets endoderm TFs for spatio-temporal gradient formation in the endoderm and to stabilize lineage decisions during mesendoderm formation.
Construction and accessibility of a cross-species phenotype ontology along with gene annotations for biomedical research
Authors: Köhler Sebastian , Doelken Sandra C , Ruef Barbara J , Bauer Sebastian , Washington Nicole , Westerfield Monte , Gkoutos George , Schofield Paul , Smedley Damian , Lewis Suzanna E , Robinson Peter N , Mungall Christopher J
Published: January 2014

Phenotype analyses, e.g. investigating metabolic processes, tissue formation, or organism behavior, are an important element of most biological and medical research activities. Biomedical researchers are making increased use of ontological standards and methods to capture the results of such analyses, with one focus being the comparison and analysis of phenotype information between species.

We have generated a cross-species phenotype ontology for human, mouse and zebrafish that contains classes from the Human Phenotype Ontology, Mammalian Phenotype Ontology, and generated classes for zebrafish phenotypes. We also provide up-to-date annotation data connecting human genes to phenotype classes from the generated ontology. We have included the data generation pipeline into our continuous integration system ensuring stable and up-to-date releases.

This article describes the data generation process and is intended to help interested researchers access both the phenotype annotation data and the associated cross-species phenotype ontology. The resource described here can be used in sophisticated semantic similarity and gene set enrichment analyses for phenotype data across species. The stable releases of this resource can be obtained from http://purl.obolibrary.org/obo/hp/uberpheno/.
Intraspecies and age polymorphism of Norway spruce (Picea Abies (L.) Karst.) in conditions of the Vologda region
Authors: Дружинин  , Druzhinin Fedor , Макаров  , Makarov Yuriy
Published: January 2014

Objects of study are located in the southern taiga subzone of the European North and presented by spruce stands of wood sorrel types of site conditions with mixed stands. Lying of test areas was carried out in young stands, middle-aged, maturing and mature forests on the territory of Griazovets district of Vologda Region. Nature of bark structure at breast height, type of branching on twigs growing up in the middle of the crowns was determined. Processing of tree descriptions was performed on all study objects where 4 types of spruce were recorded by the nature of the structure of bark. By type of branches presence of three forms of spruce were defined.
Evaluation of recreational resources and recreational potential of forests at the ecosystem forest management method
Authors: Сериков  , Serikov Mikhail
Published: January 2014

This article provides an analysis of the factors shaping the concept of forest recreation resources and recreational potential of forests, their place in the environmental classification of natural resources; ecosystem properties are distinguished, creating prerequisites for managing recreational use of forests in order to ensure its ecological compatibility. The article provides a brief historical overview of the formation of the concept of recreation resources, including forestry and changes in their interpretation. The article presents the definition of ordered recreational resource, its basic concepts and quantities, and recreational potential of forests.
Prospects for the use of the automated system of delimbed stem volume measurement
Authors: Мозговой  , Mozgovoy Nikolay , Платонов  , Platonov Aleksey , Мильцин  , Miltsin Aleksandr , Сафонов  , Safonov Andrey
Published: January 2014

The basis of the measurement process is the principle of finding the values ​​of physical quantities empirically, with the help of special technical means, between the measured value and some value received per unit of comparison, with the subsequent establishment of the correspondence between the condition of the object of control and preset standard. In practice, volume of round timber (RT) is measured by one of five methods, differing in models of longitudinal sections. Since automated systems measure the volume of logs with high accuracy, it became possible to compare their real volumes with volumes of the Standard.
On the influence of feed rate of cutting equipment of band saw machine in quality indicators of sawn timber
Authors: Максименков  , Maksimenkov Alexey
Published: January 2014

Feed rate of cutting equipment of compact band saw machine for cutting hardwood is substantiated on the basis of providing the desired value of roughness and polythickness of obtained sawn timber. The analytical expressions for determining the feed rate of cutting equipment with different widths of cut are got. Calculation for these dependences allows us to conclude that the studied conditions of oak wood sawing with requirements, limiting the maximum rough-ness values ​​of Rm = 320, 400, 500 microns, feed rate U = 1, 7; 2, 4; 3, 6 m / min can be recommended.
Synthesis of ionic liquids based oncations of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium and tetraalkylammonium for pret-reatment of lignocellulosic raw material to increase its hydrolyzability
Authors: Масютин  , Masyutin Yakov , Новиков  , Novikov Andrei , Винокуров  , Vinokurov Vladimir
Published: January 2014

In this paper, based on the theoretical analysis of the properties of ionic liquids dependence on their structure a number of compounds of this class with the optimal structure was synthesized for continuing the process of pretreatment of lignocelluloses raw material. The purpose of preprocessing is to remove lignin and hemicelluloses, as well as to reduce degree of crystallinity and increase the porosity of the cellulose, making it more accessible to the enzymes in the subsequent hydrolysis step in a process of production of bioethanol. As the optimal structures ionic liquids were proposed containing acetate and iodide anions.
Migration of formaldehyde from wood particleboard
Authors: Разиньков  , Razinkov Egor
Published: January 2014

Micro technological studies, conducted by the author, have shown that a thin layer of cured binder mass between the wood particles in the chipboard is not a monolithic structure, as it was previously thought, but it is full of cavities ("bubbles"). In these cavities gas mixture with formaldehyde encapsulated. When mechanical deformation of boards (when cutting, transportation, assembly, etc.), these "bubbles" can be destroyed and of these, in addition, formaldehyde may emit.
Formation of rectangular tenons by mechanical pressing method.
Authors: Рублева  , Rubleva Olga
Published: January 2014

This paper describes a method of forming elements of tenon joints by local socket pressing, which allows reducing tool costs, waste disposal from area of formation of tenons and getting blank of tenon joints of high quality. The method is based on the introduction of the fibers along the preform of the punch whose profile matches the shape and size of the resulting lugs. Sequence of basic technological operations included in process of manufacturing of tenons by pressing is developed, requirements for operations, range of processing conditions. Wood structure was researched in the deformed zone under the bottom of lugs.
Formation of mechanical characteristics and macrostructure of the composite depending on the synergistic effects of interaction of its components
Authors: Стородубцева  , Storodubtseva Tamara
Published: January 2014

The process of samples cracking from composite material, as well as the causes of this process is considered. To achieve this goal the following tasks were solved: to get systematized and optimized quantitative data on the effect of the individual components of this material and synergistic effects of their interaction on the properties of the composite as a whole. Study of the dependence of ultimate strength, elastic modulus, and ultimate elongation of the specific contents of components introduced into the composition of the matrix of the composite was made. The experimental results were processed on a computer using software developed for this.
Physical and mechanical properties and energy-saving modes of drying wood of black alder without artificial humidification in convective drying chambers of periodic action
Authors: Чернышев  , Chernyshev Aleksandr
Published: January 2014

Alder gains increasing popularity just like alternative to expensive raw materials. Detai-led technique of the studies is proposed. The basic physical and mechanical properties of black alder wood are given, its properties as a material for furniture and interior decoration are examined. Beforehand dehydrating pro-cess of alder was mathematically modeled, values of transient humidity and other key operating parameters were obtained, and then practical industrial drying on parabolic modes was implemented. These modes include four stages with the initial warming and final WTP.
Modeling of work of plate water evaporation coolers of indirect operation principle
Authors: Шацкий  , Shatskiy Vladimir , Гулевский  , Gulevskiy Vyacheslav
Published: January 2014

More complex mathematical model is proposed which is a system of partial differential equations of elliptic and parabolic type with the corresponding initial and boundary conditions, which are not involved in the heat transfer coefficients, the deter-mination of the numerical values of which is very difficult. For its implementation diffe-rence analogue of the proposed model was built with Nx steps along the length of the channel, Ny steps along the section of channels, Ny / 2 +1 steps of the cross section of the plate. The presented model and the method of its implementation makes it possible to determine the temperature of the air flows along the length of coolers that offers a choice of the geometric parameters.
Formation of the consumer economy in Russia
Authors: Аракелова  , Arakelova Irina
Published: January 2014

The paper presents the analysis of the situation on the Russian consumer market. Tendencies and prospects of the domestic manufacturing industry as a source of forma-tion and development of a consumer economy in Russia are considered. In the article the author provides a comparative analysis of final consumption in Russia and other countries of the world and comes to the following conclusions. In Russia, there is a potential for the formation of consumer economy. But different levels of social and economic development of Russian regions are restriction for the formation of a consumer economy in it.
Classification of enterprises in innovation development on the level of access to capital
Authors: Безруков  , Bezrukov Boris , Безрукова  , Bezrukova Tatyana
Published: January 2014

Improving the analysis of innovation activity of the enterprise requires new and more advanced methods and techniques to determine an adequate level of financial resources, generated from a variety of sources of funding. The proposed technique makes it possible to solve the problem of accessibility, adequacy and profitability of resources, determination of optimal values ​​of financial assets. Classification of enterprises in innovation development on the level of access to capital enables management of enterprises to indicate possible directions of its development of innovative products with modern and further attract of investment.
Outsourcing risks in supply chains of pulp and paper products
Authors: Терешкин  , Tereshkin Artem
Published: January 2014

The peculiarities of the formation of supply chains of pulp and paper products are considered, the factors determining the role and importance of pulp and paper products are identified. A characteristic of intra-and inter-relationships of pulp and paper industry is given, sector which are major consumers of pulp and paper products are identified. The estimation of current situation in the domestic pulp and paper industry is done, as well as possible directions of its development are defined. Relationship between the transition of innovative manufacturing businesses for innovation and logistics path of development and outsourcing is justified.
Operational planning as a tool for ensuring effective development of furniture enterprises in the conditions of Russia´s entry into WTO
Authors: Бугаков  , Bugakov Vladimir , Фурсова  , Fursova Svetlana
Published: January 2014

In WTO accession, when the company needs to make their own economic, scientific and technical solutions of development of their business in line with its strategic and current interests, demand for knowledge and application of the planning system increases. This system is to assess the prospects for company business development based on analysis of market conditions, changes in market conditions in the coming period. Planning system acts as an important means of improving the management of industrial enterprise in the changed conditions of functioning of the national economy.
Online shop as a necessary tool of the furniture enterprise
Authors: Попов  , Popov Evgeniy
Published: January 2014

The article describes one of the tools of digital marketing, namely online shop. The current state of the furniture market of the Russian Federation is described. In recent years (2010...2012), an increase in the volume of production of furniture is observed. The growth rate is 38.3 %. Creation of online shop is connected with enterprises costs that can be divided into prestarting, start and operational ones. Benchmarks for calculating the efficiency of the Internet resource are considered. Successful positioning in the internet space may open up new channels for enterprise merchandising, commodity markets and to expand the target audience.
Modeling market barriers based on artificial immune system
Authors: Степанов  , Stepanov Leonid , Сербулов  , Serbulov Yuriy , Глухов  , Glukhov Dmitriy
Published: January 2014

The article considers the artificial immune system, which is a complex of mathematical methods to model the main functions of the human immune system, and used to determine the parameters and (or) their values which ​​can minimize the impact of certain factors (ex-ternal or internal) to any object. If such a system is functioning as the "observer", its antibodies correspond to the properties of a competitor. Then "interesting" competitors are those whose properties correspond to the antibodies of the immune system. Signal "danger" arises. It is important that an understanding of "interesting" competitor can promptly adapt to such changes.
THEORY AND PRACTICE OF RESEARCH OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE
Authors: Дроздова  , Drozdova Ekaterina , Палагутина  , Palagutina N. , Воробьев  , Vorobev A.
Published: January 2014

In the course of creation of the corporate culture focused on the consumer,

a key role play understanding and acceptance by all employees

of the principles put in a basis of activity of the company. Therefore,

success of the organization rendering services, in the competitive market

substantially depends on organizational culture. It also defines relevance

of the matter. In article the analysis of a current state of researches of

organizational culture is provided in Russia and abroad, and also results

of carried-out diagnostics of organizational culture of one of divisions of

Sberbank of Russia. The theoretical value and the practical importance

of the conducted research consists in identification of a role of organizational

culture in formation of those models of behavior of employees

which are the main component of quality of service and are highly appreciated

by consumers.
Innovations in high school management and the motivation theory in Germany
Authors: Штейн  , Shteyn E.
Published: January 2014

A new tendency aimed to optimize and change the management structure of German colleges and universities has recently been gaining more and more significance. Innovations concern not only the general style of university management, but also changes in separate lines of college business. In almost every activity of the college methods of traditional business management have been introduced, be it creation of an international image, usage of marketing strategies in the process of positioning the college on the market of higher education or creation of funds. This article´s goal is to describe the Principal-Agent theory and the possibilities of its introduction into a very specific market of higher education. It gives a general overview of such topics as motivation theory of academic staff and control of the professor’s performance. The motivation theory presented in this article considers the specific characteristics of professors in terms of Human Resources such as the fact that it is almost impossible to motivate these people only with monetary incentives. It helps to develop certain methods of influence on the professor’s performance in the university as well as it describes positive and negative effects of performance-based compensation and benefits and disadvantages of the piece wage incentive system. Furthermore, the possibility to compare the characteristics and differences of methods of motivation in high school in Germany and Russia can give the reader an insight on how the high school management can develop in the future.
Modern Status of Labor and Employment Market of Primorsky Krai
Authors: Савинкина  , Savinkina Larisa , Савинкин  , Savinkin R. , Шашок  , Shashok T. , Пестерева  , Pestereva N.
Published: January 2014

The ability to effectively manage power, providing the innovative development of the Russian Federation, and to create favorable conditions for the life of its citizens, to open up new opportunities for the development of human potential in Russia. Today, it is quite clear that no reforms, even the most well-designed laws, strict ordinances, subject disposition, clever concept and long-term projects will be implemented and will remain on paper, if not radically change the attitude to the perennial problem, the so-called «human factor» or to the managerial staff. The authors based on official statistics and examine the current state of the labor market structure and employment of Primorsky Krai. The problems of population decline, falling birth rates, low life expectancy, migration, youth policy, imbalances in the labor market, etc. Primorye is an outpost of Russia in the Asia-Pacific Region (APR), has unique natural resources, well-developed economy, which, combined with evidence-based strategy for human resources policy will solve the complex problems of socio-economic development of the region. The demographic situation in Primorye significant influence on the development prospects of the labor market and the social support of the population. The results of this study could form the basis of the concept and strategy of the personnel policy of Primorye Territory in order to improve the socio-economic development and competitiveness in a market economy.
THE MODERN SCHOOLS ROLE IN PROMOTING A PEACE AND TOLERANCE CULTURE
Authors: Ушакова  , Ushakova V. , Ушакова  , Ushakova S.
Published: January 2014

The article argued and proved by the fact that the main role in the formation

of the younger generation of a culture of peace and tolerance in

contemporary Russian reality belongs to the school system.

Very important is to prepare young people for life in a multiethnic and

multicultural world , suggesting the formation of such personality traits

as inter-ethnic tolerance . Condition for the formation of tolerance should

be a favorable social and educational environment in which students

learn skills mutual business communication.

The joint work of teachers, psychologists , representatives of science and

education , and social workers can identify major problems standing in

the way of formation of tolerant thinking.

The high level of ethnic tolerance of modern graduate school is characterized

by: the presence of a genuine national interest in the peculiar

conditions of life, work , relationships, representatives of various ethnic

communities; knowledge of the rules and regulations that govern the

relationship between members of different ethnic communities to develop

their capacity to the particular circumstances of the situation of

inter-ethnic communication the mutual interests of the parties.
YOUNG SPECIALISTS’ LABOR ACTIVITY STIMULATION AT THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Лобачёва  , Lobacheva Anastasia
Published: January 2014

This article is devoted to the issue of stimulation practical methods of young specialists labor activity application in the enterprise to effectively and fully use their labor potential. The young specialists’ labor activity level depends on the conditions and possibilities offered by the organization to its young members for the professional and creative development, career development, communication, ensure a decent standard of living, etc. Therefore, the question remains relevant ways to attract promising young people in the company, their conservation and consolidation of the organization, the material and non-material stimulation of their activity, as well as create the necessary legal and institutional frameworks for the young specialists effective work implementation in the enterprise and increase the youth personnel policy efficiency.
MOBBING IN THE WORKPLACE
Authors: Мельникова  , Melnikova Marina , Анисимова  , Anisimova Galina , Дроздова  , Drozdova Ekaterina , Палагутина  , Palagutina N.
Published: January 2014

The article describes the main causes of mobbing in the workplace, its

phases and types. The features of the behavior of participants in the conflict interaction. The recommendations for the prevention of mobbing

in the organization.

Mobbing as a phenomenon that is widespread in the workforce. It is

a healthy alternative to the inefficient competition. Are increasingly

becoming aware of cases of collective psychological terror against

the workers by their peers, subordinates or superiors. Aggression in

the workplace can manifest itself in different ways: raising voices,

open disputes, false information, and even the use of physical force.

Mobbing can be both horizontal and vertical, the so-called bossing.

There are cases where the «victim» of mobbing and became the chief

executive.

Out of a situation of conflict interaction without loss, turns out not at

all. Workers are asking for pressure and exposed to it, cannot fully

devote themselves to the work being undermined institutional balance,

production problems are not resolved fully, the organization makes

a loss.

Therefore prevention of mobbing has become one of the primary objectives

of effective leadership.
Receiving the Initial Down Syndrome Diagnosis: A Comparison of Prenatal and Postnatal Parent Group Experiences
Authors: Nelson Goff Briana S. , Springer Nicole , Foote Laura Cline , Frantz Courtney , Peak Madison , Tracy Courtney , Veh Taylor , Bentley Gail E. , Cross Kayli A.
Published: January 2014

This study explored the preliminary experiences of parents upon learning of their child's diagnosis of Down syndrome. Qualitative data from a web-based, national survey were analyzed based on two groups: prenatal (n  =  46) or postnatal (n  =  115) diagnosis. Three primary categories emerged from the data analysis: prenatal screening/testing decisions by parents, the adjustment process for parents, and postdiagnosis resources and support for parents. Participants' rationale behind pursuing testing ranged from wanting to be better prepared to not pursuing testing because it was not a factor in continuing the pregnancy. Participant reactions to the diagnosis involved a range of intense preliminary emotions; participants described their extreme grief and loss experience at the initial news of the diagnosis, which also was ambiguous in nature and required differing timelines of adjustment. Finally, participants described experiences with medical professionals, information/education, and faith/religion as resources and areas of support, although not all were described as positive in nature. Participants in both groups identified having negative experiences with medical professionals during the diagnosis process. The results indicated the importance of these early experiences for parents of children with Down syndrome and emphasize providing effective education, resources, and practical information from reliable sources.
Reciprocity and Social Capital in Sibling Relationships of People With Disabilities
Authors: Kramer John , Hall Allison , Heller Tamar
Published: January 2014

Sibling relationships are some of the longest-lasting relationships people experience, providing ample opportunities to build connections across the life span. For siblings and people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD), these connections take on an increased significance as their families age and parents can no longer provide care. This article presents findings from a qualitative study that addresses the question, “How do siblings support each other after parents no longer can provide care to the person with IDD?” Findings in this study suggest that siblings with and without disabilities experience reciprocity as a transitive exchange, which occurs through the creation of social capital in their families and community, and that nondisabled siblings mobilize their social capital to provide support to their sibling after parents pass away. Implications for future research as well as policy and practice are discussed.
A Social–Ecological Analysis of the Self-Determination Literature
Authors: Shogren Karrie A.
Published: January 2014

This paper uses a social–ecological lens to examine self-determination research, attempting to organize what is known (and unknown) about contextual factors that have the potential to impact the development and expression of self-determined behavior in people with disabilities across multiple ecological systems. Identifying and categorizing the contextual factors that researchers suggest influence self-determination have the potential to allow for the development of a framework that promotes systematic consideration of contextual factors when designing, implementing, and evaluating supports to promote self-determination. Directions for future research and practice are discussed.
Increasing an AAC User's Classroom Community Membership Through Peer Social Networks: An Ecological Intervention
Authors: Fisher Kim W. , Shogren Karrie A. , Halle James W.
Published: January 2014

Increasingly, disability is being conceptualized through a social-ecological framework that emphasizes the match or mismatch between the person and their environment (Wehmeyer et al., 2008). With that, researchers, practitioners, and policymakers have examined what supports are necessary to create truly inclusive communities for individuals with disabilities, their families, and community members. In social interaction research within the schools, an effort to conceptualize social interaction supports for children with severe disabilities has emerged (Carter & Hughes, 2005). For children with severe disabilities who use augmentative and alternative communication (AAC), however, this is not the case (Snell, Chen, & Hoover, 2006). Instead, a majority of social interaction research for these children has focused on skill development (Fisher & Shogren, 2012). The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of social skills instruction on the classroom community membership of a child with severe disabilities (who used AAC) and her peers. We used (a) social interaction rate, (b) sociometric status, and (c) Social Cognitive Mapping (Cairns, Perrin, & Cairns, 1985) for analysis. Results and recommendations for future research are discussed.
A short geometric proof that Hausdorff limits are definable in any o-minimal structure
Authors: Kocel-Cynk Beata , Pawłucki Wiesław , Valette Anna
Published: January 2014

Abstract. The aim of this note is to give yet another proof of the following theorem: given an arbitrary o-minimal structure on the ordered field of real numbers ℝ and any definable family A of definable nonempty compact subsets of ℝn, then the closure of A in the sense of the Hausdorff metric (or, equivalently, in the Vietoris topology) is a definable family. In particular, any limit in the sense of the Hausdorff metric of a convergent sequence of subsets of a definable family is definable in the same o-minimal structure. The original proofs by Bröcker [1], Marker and Steinhorn [7], Pillay [11] (see also van den Dries [15]) were based on model theory. Lion and Speissegger [6] gave a geometric proof of the theorem. Our proof below is based on the idea of Lipschitz cell decompositions.
The Iconography of Converts, or Numinous Numismatics
Authors: Jütte Robert
Published: January 2014

Zu jüdischen Konvertiten ist in den letzten Jahren viel geforscht worden, doch eine kleine Randgruppe blieb dabei zumeist außen vor: die sogenannten »Taufbetrüger«. Gemeint sind damit Juden (aber auch Christen), die mehrmals das Sakrament der Taufe in Anspruch nahmen und dabei auf materiellen Gewinn abzielten. Zu den wichtigsten Quellen, die von der Existenz dieses Phänomens zeugen, gehören Spottmedaillen, die Konvertiten als potentielle Taufbetrüger denunzieren. Zugleich gab es auch Gedenkmedaillen, die das in der Frühen Neuzeit noch seltene Ereignis der Taufe eines Juden in Wort und Bild festhielten. Der Aufsatz setzt sich zum Ziel, die Bedeutung dieser Quellengattung für die Geschichte des Taufjudentums herauszuarbeiten, zumal die Numismatik in der jüdischen Geschichtsforschung bislang eher ein Schattendasein führt. Ein Ergebnis der vergleichenden Quellenanalyse ist auch, dass einzelne Zuschreibungen von Medaillen falsch sind und dass numismatische Kenntnisse allein nicht ausreichen, sondern die ikonographische Analyse hinzukommen muss.
Dürfen Gesetze unglücklich machen? Sprache, Gewissen und Gesetz bei Moses Mendelssohn
Authors: Kruschwitz Hans
Published: January 2014

Moses Mendelssohn’s philosophy of language and his use of the term »Gewissen« are not fully coherent. Whereas language appears in his early writings as a necessary medium for developing good sense and founding morality on reason, i.e. for setting up universal moral laws, positive law appears in his later writings as all but reasonable and worth being taken too literally. It rather proves the unfeasibility of setting up universally valid statutes. Hence, he proposes that Jewish law has never been intended to be taken literally, but incessantly interpreted, drafting it as an indispensable rampart against the aberrations of »literalness «. By doing so, however, he reverses the original hierarchy of language, reason, and law – and also alters his definition of »Gewissen«. Originally defined as the faculty of deciding what’s right, he now confines it to the faculty of deciding what’s true and substitutes the former with Jewish law.