bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Review on 3D Printing of Bioinspired Structures for Surface/Interface Applications
Authors: He Qingqing , Tang Tengteng , Zeng Yushun , Iradukunda Nadine , Bethers Brandon , Li Xiangjia , Yang Yang
Published: December 2023

Natural organisms have evolved a series of versatile functional biomaterials and structures to cope with survival crises in their living environment, exhibiting outstanding properties such as superhydrophobicity, anisotropy, and mechanical reinforcement, which have provided abundant inspiration for the design and fabrication of next‐generation multi‐functional devices. However, the lack of available materials and limitations of traditional manufacturing methods for complex multiscale structures have hindered the progress in bio‐inspired manufacturing of functional structures. As a revolutionary emerging manufacturing technology, additive manufacturing (i.e., 3D printing) offers high design flexibility and manufacturing freedom, providing the potential for the fabrication of intricate, multiscale, hierarchical, and multi‐material structures. Herein, a comprehensive review of current 3D printing of surface/interface structures, covering the applied materials, designs, and functional applications is provided. Several bio‐inspired surface structures that have been created using 3D printing technology are highlighted and categorized based on their specific properties and applications, some properties can be applied to multiple applications. The optimized designs of these 3D‐printed bio‐inspired surfaces offer a promising prospect of low‐cost, high efficiency, and excellent performance. Finally, challenges and opportunities in field of fabricating functional surface/interface with more versatile functional material, refined structural design, and better cost‐effective are discussed.
Liquid Metal Functionalization Innovations in Wearables and Soft Robotics for Smart Healthcare Applications
Authors: Chen Shuwen , Fan Shicheng , Chan Henryk , Qiao Zheng , Qi Jiaming , Wu Zixiong , Yeo Joo Chuan , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: December 2023

Smart healthcare solutions are crucial for early diagnosis, real‐time health monitoring, and personalized therapy. Essential to these advancements are flexible wearable devices and medical robotics, which incorporate a range of elements, including soft sensors, therapeutic modules, human‐machine interfaces, actuators, and systems for communication, computation, and power. Liquid metal‐based materials are rapidly emerging as one of the key elements for these innovations. This review will delve into the latest breakthroughs in liquid metal (LM) functionalization innovation and the applications in healthcare‐related wearables and soft robotics. Firstly, techniques to modify LM are explored, emphasizing strategies to enhance properties such as electromechanical, thermal, electromagnetic, biochemical, self‐healing, and magnetic capabilities. Next, the authors shed light on contemporary wearable sensors, therapeutic on‐skin devices, and other flexible device innovations. They finally conclude by highlighting the challenges and charting the path forward for LM‐driven healthcare advances.
Wood‐Like Low‐Tortuosity Thick Electrode for Micro‐Redoxcapacitor with Ultrahigh Areal Energy Density and Steady Power Output
Authors: Zhang Jiabao , Wang Ke , Lu Peng , Gao Jiantou , Cao Zhiqian , Mo Funian , Ho Derek , Li Bo , Hu Haibo
Published: December 2023

Conventional MXene‐based thick electrodes with stacked and tortuous microstructures suffer from sluggish charge transport and low‐utilization of active substances, thus a limited boost in areal energy density of the assembled micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs). Herein, the duplication of wood‐like microstructure is realized in MXene/Ag‐nanowires (AgNWs) hybrid aerogel electrode (WL‐M/A‐AE) via directional freeze‐drying technique. Benefitting from the uniform 3D vertically‐aligned microchannels as the highways for ions transport throughout the matrix, the WL‐M/A‐AE with a thickness of up to 2000 µm can achieve a 50‐times higher of Cl− diffusion coefficient relative to closely restacked film electrode with the same mass loading of MXene. Furthermore, the evenly interspersed AgNWs serving as percolation network within the electrode matrix can facilitate horizontal electrons transmission between vertically‐aligned loose MXene flakes, while reversibly capture/release Cl− ions via phase conversion (Ag⇔AgCl) to raise the charge storage capacity of the WL‐M/A‐AE. Thus, when coupling with Zn anode, the assembled micro‐redoxcapacitor adopting polyacrylamide/ZnCl2+NH4Cl hydrogel electrolyte can deliver an areal energy density up to 292.5 µWh cm−2 in a more stable way (a smooth discharge plateau contributing 40.9% of the energy). The demonstrated hybrid thick electrode with wood‐like low‐tortuosity microstructure promises an effective avenue for tackling the performance bottlenecks facing traditional MSCs.
Bio‐Inspired Interfacial Engineering of MXene Fibers Toward Synergistic Improvement in Mechanical Strength and Electrochemical Performance
Authors: Dai Henghan , Chang Jin , Yang Jia , Wang Huifang , Zhou Jinyuan , Sun Gengzhi
Published: December 2023

High‐performance fibrous materials urgently desired for fabricating energy storage devices to power wearable textile electronics are expected excellent mechanical properties, improved output capacitance, and rapid charge/discharge capability; nevertheless, their contradictory requirements in material design impose immense challenges. Inspired by the robust structure of higher plants that evolve over millions of years, herein, an interfacial engineering strategy is proposed for synergizing the mechanical strength and electrochemical performance of Ti3C2TX MXene fibers by selecting aramid (Kevlar) nanofibers and borate ions (B) as the enhancers. The intercalation of Kevlar nanofibers endows the nascent wet‐spun MXene gel fibers with a high stretchable ratio through physical interaction (hydrogen bonds), greatly aligning the orientation of MXene nanosheets. B‐cross‐links introduce covalent bonds between MXene nanosheets, which together with hydrogen bonds significantly enhance fiber strength. More importantly, optimal ion transport kinetics is achieved by synergizing the inverse impacts of Kevlar nanofibers and B‐cross‐link on interlayer spacing, guaranteeing excellent electrochemical performances. Benefiting from their excellent mechanical, electrical, and electrochemical performances, borate (B)‐cross‐linked MXene/Kevlar fibers (MKB) are simultaneously adopted as fibrous electrodes and receiving antennae for asymmetric supercapacitors with wireless charging functions. The proposed strategy provides an avenue for designing high‐performance functional fibers for future wearable applications.
Programmable DNA Hydrogel Assisting Microcrystal Formulations for Sustained Locoregional Drug Delivery in Surgical Residual Tumor Lesions and Lymph Node Metastasis
Authors: Zhang Zi‐jie , Zhou Yi , Tong Huan , Sun Xi‐cheng , Lv Zi‐cheng , Yong June‐kong , Wu Yi‐chi , Xiang Xue‐lin , Ding Fei , Zuo Xiao‐lei , Li Fan , Xia Qiang , Feng Hao , Fan Chun‐hai
Published: December 2023

Surgical residual tumor lesions (R1 resection of surgical procedures (e.g., liver cancer infiltrating the diaphragm, surgical residual breast cancer, postoperative residual ovarian cancer) or boundary residual after ablation) and lymph node metastasis that cannot be surgically resected (retroperitoneal lymph nodes) significantly affect postoperative survival of tumor patients. This clinical conundrum poses three challenges for local drug delivery systems: stable and continuous delivery, good biocompatibility, and the ability to package new targeted drugs that can synergize with other treatments. Here, a drug‐laden hydrogel generated from pure DNA strands and highly programmable in adjusting its mesh size is reported. Meanwhile, the DNA hydrogel can assist the microcrystallization of novel radiosensitizing drugs, ataxia telangiectasia and rad3‐related protein (ATR) inhibitor (Elimusertib), further facilitating its long‐term release. When applied to the tumor site, the hydrogel system demonstrates significant antitumor activity, minimized systemic toxicity, and has a modulatory effect on the tumor‐immune cell interface. This drug‐loaded DNA‐hydrogel platform represents a novel modality for adjuvant therapy in patients with surgical residual tumor lesions and lymph node metastasis.
Origin of Phase Engineering CoTe2 Alloy Toward Kinetics‐Reinforced and Dendrite‐Free Lithium−Sulfur Batteries
Authors: Li Bin , Wang Peng , Yuan Jia , Song Ning , Feng Jinkui , Xiong Shenglin , Xi Baojuan
Published: December 2023

Slow electrochemistry kinetics and dendrite growth are major obstacles for lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries. The investigations over the polymorph effect require more endeavors to further access the related catalyst design principles. Herein, the systematic evaluation of CoTe2 alloy with two polymorphs regarding sulfur reduction reaction (SRR) and lithium plating/stripping is reported. As disclosed by theoretical calculations and electrochemical measurements, the orthorhombic (o‐) and hexagonal (h‐) CoTe2 make a substantial difference. The reactivity origin of the CoTe2 polymorphs is explored. The higher position of d‐band centers for the Co atoms on the o‐CoTe2 leads to a higher displacement of the antibonding state; the lower antibonding state occupancy, the more effective the interaction with the sulfide moieties and lithium. Hence, o‐CoTe2 annihilates h‐CoTe2 and exhibits better catalysis and more uniform lithium deposition, consolidated by excellent performance of full cell made of o‐CoTe2. It keeps stable charging/discharging for 800 cycles at 0.5 C with only 0.055% capacity decay per cycle and even achieves an areal capacity of 6.5 mAh cm−2 at lean electrolyte and high sulfur loading of 6.4 mg cm−2. This work establishes the mechanistic perspective about the catalysts in Li−S batteries and provides new insight into the unified solution.
Robust Ru‐VO2 Bifunctional Catalysts for All‐pH Overall Water Splitting
Authors: Niu Ziqiang , Lu Zhankuan , Qiao Zelong , Wang Shitao , Cao Xiaohua , Chen Xiudong , Yun Jimmy , Zheng Lirong , Cao Dapeng
Published: December 2023

Designing robust bifunctional catalysts for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) and hydrogen evolution reaction in all‐pH conditions for overall water splitting (OWS) is an effective way to achieve sustainable development. Herein, a composite Ru‐VO2 containing Ru‐doped VO2 and Ru nanoparticles (NPs) is synthesized, and it shows a high OWS performance in full‐pH range due to their synergist effect. In particular, the OER mass activities of Ru‐VO2 at 1.53 V (vs RHE) in acidic, alkaline, and PBS solutions are ≈65, 36, and 235 times of commercial RuO2 in the same conditions. The “Ru‐VO2 || Ru‐VO2” two‐electrode electrolyzer only needs a voltage of 1.515 V (at 10 mA cm−2) in acidic water splitting, which can operate stably for 125 h at 10 mA cm−2 without significant voltage decay. In situ Raman spectra and in situ differential electrochemical mass spectrometry prove that the OER of Ru‐VO2 in acid follows the adsorption evolution mechanism. Density functional theory calculations further reveal the synergistic effect between Ru NP and Ru‐doped VO2, which breaks the hydrogen bond network formed by *OH adsorbed on the Ru single‐atom site, and thereby significantly enhances the OER activity. This work provides new insights into the design of novel bifunctional pH‐universal catalysts for OWS.
Ultra‐High Responsivity Black‐Si/Graphene Heterojunction Photodetectors Enabled by Enhanced Light Absorption and Local Electric Fields
Authors: Zhou Shuren , Fan Haodong , Wen Shaofeng , Zhang Rui , Yin Yi , Lan Changyong , Li Chun , Liu Yong
Published: December 2023

Photodetectors with high responsivity, fast response, and broad spectral response are of great importance for a wide range of applications in fundamental science and various industries. However, conventional photodiodes operating at low bias voltage do not provide any gain. The graphene (Gr)/Si van der Waals heterostructure, on the other hand, offers a potential gain due to the limited density of states near the Dirac point. In this work, a highly photoresponsive broadband pyramidal black‐Si/Gr heterojunction photodetector is presented. The device, with an active area of 5×5 mm2 and a bias voltage of −5 V, exhibits an ultra‐high responsivity of 4.1 A W−1. The photoresponsivity can be further increased to 1379 A W−1 by reducing the device area. Comparative experiments reveal that the pyramidal black‐Si/Gr photodetectors exhibit the largest responsivity compared with pyramidal‐Si/Gr and flat‐Si/Gr photodetectors. The gain in pyramidal black‐Si/Gr photodetectors is attributed to both the pyramidal nanoporous structures and the shift of the Fermi level of Gr under bias. Furthermore, the high responsivity and stable operation of the photodetectors enable the demonstration of imaging applications. The results provide a new strategy for enhancing the performance of photodetectors based on 2D materials.
Reduction of Non‐Radiative Losses in Trap‐Free Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes by Dilution with A Large Bandgap Host
Authors: Sachnik Oskar , Zhou Xin , Nikan Jawid , van der Zee Bas , Li Yungui , Blom Paul W.M. , Wetzelaer Gert‐Jan A.H.
Published: December 2023

The emitter 9,9′,9′'‐(5‐(4,6‐diphenyl‐1,3,5‐triazin‐2‐yl)benzene‐1,2,3‐triyl)tris(9H‐carbazole) (3CzTRZ) seems an ideal candidate for efficient single‐layer blue organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs). It combines trap‐free electron and hole transport with thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) for triplet harvesting. However, in spite of the absence of charge trapping defects, neat films of 3CzTRZ suffer from a low photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of only 40%. Time‐resolved photoluminescence measurements reveal that the low PLQY results from the fact that next to fast intersystem crossing the rate for reverse intersystem crossing is very slow and nearly similar to the rate of non‐radiative recombination of triplet excitons to the ground state. This loss process of non‐radiative triplet decay is even more pronounced in OLEDs due to the 75% direct triplet‐exciton formation, resulting in a low external quantum efficiency (EQE) of 4.5%. By diluting 3CzTRZ in a large bandgap host, the triplet lifetime is increased by at least an order of magnitude, resulting in an enhanced PLQY of 70% and a more than three‐fold enhancement of the EQE to 15% in a single‐layer blue OLED. Device simulations confirm that the increased EQE can be ascribed to an elongated triplet lifetime upon dilution of the emitter in a host matrix.
Ultra‐High Detectivity MBene/Si vdW Schottky Photodiode for Color Single‐Pixel Imaging
Authors: Lu Mengxue , Guan Qingtian , Wang Chen , Sun Yangyang , Liu Guangzhu , Xu Gaobin , Yu Yongqiang , Ma Mengchao
Published: December 2023

The color single‐pixel imaging (SPI) has received significant attention due to its ability to provide more comprehensive real‐world information compared to grayscale imaging. The performance of single‐pixel photodetector is the primary determinant for the quality of color SPI. Silicon‐based Schottky photodiodes provide desirable qualities for the essential requirements of high detectivity in high resolution color SPI. Herein, a novel Mo4/3B2‐XTZ/Si hexagonal micro‐hole array (SiHMA) van der Waals (vdW) Schottky photodiode is first constructed for application in color SPI. The resultant Schottky junction possesses a Schottky barrier height up to 1.18 eV, thus leading to a dark current density of 1.47 × 10−13 A cm−2 and an ultra‐high detectivity of 4.4 × 1014 Jones at zero bias voltage, which are superior to most of Si‐based Schottky photodiodes reported and even some commercial Si photodiodes thus far. Importantly, the high detectivity and low dark current density of the photodiode allow for the use as a photodetector in high resolution Hadamard SPI. Notably, a high‐quality 256 × 256‐pixel color image can be successfully achieved under even 25% sampling rate without an additional filter circuit. This work opens an avenue toward the fabrication of high detectivity Schottky photodiode for high quality color SPI.
Advanced Wearable Sensing Technologies for Sustainable Precision Agriculture – a Review on Chemical Sensors
Authors: Muthumalai K. , Gokila N. , Haldorai Yuvaraj , Rajendra Kumar Ramasamy Thangavelu
Published: December 2023

Crop production is impacted by increased plant diseases and shifting environmental circumstances. Monitoring plant health is necessary to raise crop quality and productivity to meet population growth demands. Nanotechnology‐based sensor platforms provide real‐time plant monitoring capabilities, going beyond the constraints of conventional sensor technologies. Wearables are an evolving area of health monitoring and have been modified for agricultural purposes.  Wearable sensors are placed on various plant organs in the agricultural industry to check the crops’ health continuously. The varieties of wearable sensor materials and their fabrications, followed by their sensing mechanisms, are highlighted in this review. Furthermore, monitoring plant micro‐environmental factors, including salinity, hazardous gases, and pesticides, are discussed. This text covers various internal plant growth factors monitoring, such as sap flow, transpiration, and signal monitoring. The challenges of wearable sensors in agriculture are mentioned toward the end.
Modulating the Structure and Composition of Single‐Atom Electrocatalysts for CO2 reduction
Authors: Chen Weiren , Jin Xixiong , Zhang Lingxia , Wang Lianzhou , Shi Jianlin
Published: December 2023

Electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (eCO2RR) is a promising strategy to achieve carbon cycling by converting CO2 into value‐added products under mild reaction conditions. Recently, single‐atom catalysts (SACs) have shown enormous potential in eCO2RR due to their high utilization of metal atoms and flexible coordination structures. In this work, the recent progress in SACs for eCO2RR is outlined, with detailed discussions on the interaction between active sites and CO2, especially the adsorption/activation behavior of CO2 and the effects of the electronic structure of SACs on eCO2RR. Three perspectives form the starting point: 1) Important factors of SACs for eCO2RR; 2) Typical SACs for eCO2RR; 3) eCO2RR toward valuable products. First, how different modification strategies can change the electronic structure of SACs to improve catalytic performance is discussed; Second, SACs with diverse supports and how supports assist active sites to undergo catalytic reaction are introduced; Finally, according to various valuable products from eCO2RR, the reaction mechanism and measures which can be taken to improve the selectivity of eCO2RR are discussed. Hopefully, this work can provide a comprehensive understanding of SACs for eCO2RR and spark innovative design and modification ideas to develop highly efficient SACs for CO2 conversion to various valuable fuels/chemicals.
Targeting YAP1‐regulated Glycolysis in Fibroblast‐Like Synoviocytes Impairs Macrophage Infiltration to Ameliorate Diabetic Osteoarthritis Progression
Authors: Yang Jie , Li Shanshan , Li Zhenyan , Yao Lutian , Liu Meijing , Tong Kui‐Leung , Xu Qiutong , Yu Bo , Peng Rui , Gui Tao , Tang Wang , Xu Yidi , Chen Jiaxu , He Jun , Zhao Kewei , Wang Xiaogang , Wang Xiaoying , Zha Zhengang , Zhang Huan‐Tian
Published: December 2023

The interplay between immune cells/macrophages and fibroblast‐like synoviocytes (FLSs) plays a pivotal role in initiating synovitis; however, their involvement in metabolic disorders, including diabetic osteoarthritis (DOA), is largely unknown. In this study, single‐cell RNA sequencing (scRNA‐seq) is employed to investigate the synovial cell composition of DOA. A significant enrichment of activated macrophages within eight distinct synovial cell clusters is found in DOA synovium. Moreover, it is demonstrated that increased glycolysis in FLSs is a key driver for DOA patients’ synovial macrophage infiltration and polarization. In addition, the yes‐associated protein 1 (YAP1)/thioredoxin‐interacting protein (TXNIP) signaling axis is demonstrated to play a crucial role in regulating glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1)‐dependent glycolysis in FLSs, thereby controlling the expression of a series of adhesion molecules such as intercellular adhesion molecule‐1 (ICAM‐1) which may subsequently fine‐tune the infiltration of M1‐polarized synovial macrophages in DOA patients and db/db diabetic OA mice. For treatment, M1 macrophage membrane‐camouflaged Verteporfin (Vt)‐loaded PLGA nanoparticles (MVPs) are developed to ameliorate DOA progression by regulating the YAP1/TXNIP signaling axis, thus suppressing the synovial glycolysis and the infiltration of M1‐polarized macrophages. The results provide several novel insights into the pathogenesis of DOA and offer a promising treatment approach for DOA.
The Art of Exploring Diatom Biosilica Biomaterials: From Biofabrication Perspective
Authors: Sun Xiaojie , Zhang Mengxue , Liu Jinfeng , Hui Guangyan , Chen Xiguang , Feng Chao
Published: December 2023

Diatom is a common single‐cell microalgae with large species and huge biomass. Diatom biosilica (DB), the shell of diatom, is a natural inorganic material with a micro‐nanoporous structure. Its unique hierarchical porous structure gives it great application potential in drug delivery, hemostat materials, and biosensors, etc. However, the structural diversity of DB determines its different biological functions. Screening hundreds of thousands of diatom species for structural features of DB that meet application requirements is like looking for a needle in a seaway. And the chemical modification methods lack effective means to control the micro‐nanoporous structure of DB. The formation of DB is a typical biomineralization process, and its structural characteristics are affected by external environmental conditions, genes, and other factors. This allows to manipulate the micro‐nanostructure of DB through biological regulation method, thereby transforming the screening mode of the structure function of DB from a needle in a seaway to biofabrication mode. This review focuses on the formation, biological modification, functional activity of DB structure, and its application in biomaterials field, providing regulatory strategies and research idea of DB from the perspective of biofabrication. It will also maximize the possibility of using DB as biological materials.
A New Al2O3‐Protected EB‐PVD TBC with Superior CMAS Resistance
Authors: Qin Shiying , Cao Huatang , Gao Zhaohe , Brewster Gyn , Martin João P. , Chen Ying , Xiao Ping
Published: December 2023

Calcium‐magnesium‐aluminium‐silicate (CMAS) attack is a longstanding challenge for yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) thermal barrier coatings (TBCs) particularly at higher engine operating temperature. Here, a novel microstructural design is reported for YSZ TBCs to mitigate CMAS attack. The design is based on a drip coating method that creates a thin layer of nanoporous Al2O3 around YSZ columnar grains produced by electron beam physical vapor deposition (EB‐PVD). The nanoporous Al2O3 enables fast crystallization of CMAS melt close to the TBC surface, in the inter‐columnar gaps, and on the column walls, thereby suppressing CMAS infiltration and preventing further degradation of the TBCs due to CMAS attack. Indentation and three‐point beam bending tests indicate that the highly porous Al2O3 only slightly stiffens the TBC but offers superior resistance against sintering in long‐term thermal exposure by reducing the intercolumnar contact. This work offers a new pathway for designing novel TBC architecture with excellent CMAS resistance, strain tolerance, and sintering resistance, which also points out new insight for assembly nanoporous ceramic in traditional ceramic structure for integrated functions.
Menin Reduces Parvalbumin Expression and is Required for the Anti‐Depressant Function of Ketamine
Authors: Leng Lige , Zhuang Kai , Lin Hui , Ding Jinjun , Yang Shangchen , Yuan Ziqi , Huang Changquan , Chen Guimiao , Chen Zhenlei , Wang Mengdan , Wang Han , Sun Hao , Li Huifang , Chang He , Chen Zhenyi , Xu Qi , Yuan Tifei , Zhang Jie
Published: December 2023

Dysfunction of parvalbumin (PV) neurons is closely involved in depression, however, the detailed mechanism remains unclear. Based on the previous finding that multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (Protein: Menin; Gene: Men1) mutation (G503D) is associated with a higher risk of depression, a Menin‐G503D mouse model is generated that exhibits heritable depressive‐like phenotypes and increases PV expression in brain. This study generates and screens a serial of neuronal specific Men1 deletion mice, and found that PV interneuron Men1 deletion mice (PcKO) exhibit increased cortical PV levels and depressive‐like behaviors. Restoration of Menin, knockdown PV expression or inhibition of PV neuronal activity in PV neurons all can ameliorate the depressive‐like behaviors of PcKO mice. This study next found that ketamine stabilizes Menin by inhibiting protein kinase A (PKA) activity, which mediates the anti‐depressant function of ketamine. These results demonstrate a critical role for Menin in depression, and prove that Menin is key to the antidepressant function of ketamine.
Traditional Chinese Medicine Formulae QY305 Reducing Cutaneous Adverse Reaction and Diarrhea by its Nanostructure
Authors: Zhang Ya‐Li , Wang Ya‐Lei , Yan Ke , Li Haiyan , Zhang Xinyu , Essola Julien Milon , Ding Chengcheng , Chang Kexin , Qing Guangchao , Zhang Fuxue , Tan Yan , Peng Tiantian , Wang Xu , Jiang Miao , Liang Xing‐Jie , Hua Qian
Published: December 2023

Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is widely used in clinical practice, including skin and gastrointestinal diseases. Here, a potential TCM QY305 (T‐QY305) is reported that can modulate the recruitment of neutrophil in skin and colon tissue thus reducing cutaneous adverse reaction and diarrhea induced by epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRIs). On another hand, the T‐QY305 formula, through regulating neutrophil recruitment features would highlight the presence of N‐QY305, a subunit nanostructure contained in T‐QY305, and confirm its role as potentially being the biomaterial conferring to T‐QY305 its pharmacodynamic features. Here, the clinical records of two patients are analyzed expressing cutaneous adverse reaction and demonstrate positive effect of T‐QY305 on the simultaneous inhibition of both cutaneous adverse reaction and diarrhea in animal models. The satisfying results obtained from T‐QY305, lead to further process to the isolation of N‐QY305 from T‐QY305, in order to demonstrate that the potency of T‐QY305 originates from the nanostructure N‐QY305. Compared to T‐QY305, N‐QY305 exhibits higher potency upon reducing adverse reactions. The data represent a promising candidate for reducing cutaneous adverse reaction and diarrhea, meanwhile proposing a new strategy to highlight the presence of nanostructures being the “King” of Chinese medicine formula as the pharmacodynamic basis.
Rational Molecular Design of Redox‐Active Carbonyl‐Bridged Heterotriangulenes for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Shu Xipeng , Hu Liang , Heine Thomas , Jing Yu
Published: December 2023

Carbonyl aromatic compounds are promising cathode candidates for lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) because of their low weight and absence of cobalt and other metals, but they face constraints of limited redox‐potential and low stability compared to traditional inorganic cathode materials. Herein, by means of first‐principles calculations, a significant improvement of the electrochemical performance for carbonyl‐bridged heterotriangulenes (CBHTs) is reported by introducing pyridinic N in their skeletons. Different center atoms (B, N, and P) and different types of functionalization with nitrogen effectively regulate the redox activity, conductivity, and solubility of CBHTs by influencing their electron affinity, energy levels of frontier orbitals and molecular polarity. By incorporating pyridinic N adjacent to the carbonyl groups, the electrochemical performance of N‐functionalized CBHTs is significantly improved. Foremost, the estimated energy density reaches 1524 Wh kg−1 for carbonyl‐bridged tri (3,5‐pyrimidyl) borane, 50% higher than in the inorganic reference material LiCoO2, rendering N‐functionalized CBHTs promising organic cathode materials for LIBs. The investigation reveals the underlying structure‐performance relationship of conjugated carbonyl compounds and sheds new lights for the rational design of redox‐active organic molecules for high‐performance lithium ion batteries (LIBs).
Bioinspired Asymmetric Polypyrrole Membranes with Enhanced Photothermal Conversion for Highly Efficient Solar Evaporation
Authors: Gao Can , Li Yimeng , Lan Lizhen , Wang Qing , Zhou Buguang , Chen Yue , Li Jiecong , Guo Jiansheng , Mao Jifu
Published: December 2023

Solar‐driven interfacial evaporation (SDIE) has attracted great attention by offering a zero‐carbon‐emission solution for clean water production. The manipulation of the surface structure of the evaporator markedly promotes the enhancement of light capture and the improvement of evaporation performance. Herein, inspired by seedless lotus pod, a flexible pristine polypyrrole (PPy) membrane with macro/micro‐bubble and nanotube asymmetric structure is fabricated through template‐assisted interfacial polymerization. The macro‐ and micro‐hierarchical structure of the open bubbles enable multiple reflections inner and among the bubble cavities for enhanced light trapping and omnidirectional photothermal conversion. In addition, the multilevel structure (macro/micro/nano) of the asymmetric PPy (PPy‐A) membrane induces water evaporation in the form of clusters, leading to a reduction of water evaporation enthalpy. The PPy‐A membranes achieve a full‐spectrum light absorption of 96.3% and high evaporation rate of 2.03 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun. Long‐term stable desalination is also verified with PPy‐A membranes by applying one‐way water channel. This study demonstrates the feasibility of pristine PPy membranes in SDIE applications, providing guidelines for modulation of the evaporator topologies toward high‐efficient solar evaporation.
Mask and Release Strategy‐Enabled Diversity‐Oriented Synthesis for DNA‐Encoded Library
Authors: Zhang Silin , Zhang Haiman , Liu Xiawen , Qi Ping , Tan Tingting , Wang Shengdong , Gao Hui , Xu Hongtao , Zhou Zhi , Yi Wei
Published: December 2023

An ideal DNA‐encoded library (DEL) selection requires the library to consist of diverse core skeletons and cover chemical space as much as possible. However, the lack of efficient on‐DNA synthetic approaches toward core skeletons has greatly restricted the diversity of DEL. To mitigate this issue, this work disclosed a “Mask & Release” strategy to streamline the challenging on‐DNA core skeleton synthesis. N‐phenoxyacetamide is used as a masked phenol and versatile directing group to mediate diversified DNA‐compatible C‐H functionalization, introducing the 1st‐dimensional diversity at a defined site, and simultaneously releasing the phenol functionality, which can facilitate the introduction of the 2nd diversity. This work not only provides a set of efficient syntheses toward DNA‐conjugated drug‐like core skeletons such as ortho‐alkenyl/sulfiliminyl/cyclopropyl phenol, benzofuran, dihydrobenzofuran but also provides a paradigm for on‐DNA core skeleton synthetic method development.
Interface Engineering to Drive High‐Performance MXene/PbS Quantum Dot NIR Photodiode
Authors: Di Yunxiang , Ba Kun , Chen Yan , Wang Xudong , Zhang Mingqing , Huang Xinning , Long Yi , Liu Mengdi , Zhang Shukui , Tang Weiyi , Huang Zhangcheng , Lin Tie , Shen Hong , Meng Xiangjian , Han Meikang , Liu Qi , Wang Jianlu
Published: December 2023

The realization of a controllable transparent conducting system with selective light transparency is crucial for exploring many of the most intriguing effects in top‐illuminated optoelectronic devices. However, the performance is limited by insufficient electrical conductivity, low work function, and vulnerable interface of traditional transparent conducting materials, such as tin‐doped indium oxide. Here, it is reported that two‐dimensional (2D) titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene film acts as an efficient transparent conducting electrode for the lead sulfide (PbS) colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) photodiode with controllable near infrared transmittance. The solution‐processed interface engineering of MXene and PbS layers remarkably reduces the interface defects of MXene/PbS CQDs and the carrier concentration in the PbS layer. The stable Ti3C2Tx/PbS CQDs photodiodes give rise to a high specific detectivity of 5.51 × 1012 cm W−1 Hz1/2, a large dynamic response range of 140 dB, and a large bandwidth of 0.76 MHz at 940 nm in the self‐powered state, ranking among the most exceptional in terms of comprehensive performance among reported PbS CQDs photodiodes. In contrast with the traditional photodiode technologies, this efficient and stable approach opens a new horizon to construct widely used infrared photodiodes with CQDs and MXenes.
Combinatorial Screening of Electronic and Geometric Effects in Compositionally Complex Solid Solutions Toward a Rational Design of Electrocatalysts
Authors: Zerdoumi Ridha , Savan Alan , Amalraj Marshal , Tetteh Emmanuel Batsa , Lourens Florian , Krysiak Olga A. , Junqueira João R. C. , Ludwig Alfred , Schuhmann Wolfgang
Published: December 2023

Alloying dissimilar elements presents an effective strategy for enhancing the electrocatalytic properties of multi‐metal materials. This enhancement can be attributed to the modification of electronic and geometric effects, which play a crucial role in determining the overall electrocatalytic performance. However, these effects are intricately intertwined and often interrelated due to their coexistence. As a result, the improved catalytic performance of multi‐metal systems is frequently attributed to synergistic or “cocktail” effects, without clear explanations of the role of alloying and the individual contribution of each element. A high‐throughput experimentation approach is employed to investigate 342 compositions within the quaternary thin film system Pd─Ag─Cu─Fe. The substitution of Cu with Fe (different number of valence electrons) or Ag (different atomic sizes) allows for selective manipulation of electronic or geometric effects, respectively. The substitution of Ag with Fe allows for the simultaneous variation of both effects. The number of valence electrons per unit cell volume is used as a descriptor for electrocatalytic activity, specifically with respect to the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and the oxygen evolution reaction (OER), which can be optimized through independent or simultaneous alteration of electronic and geometric effects.
Integration of Porous High‐Loading Electrode and Gel Polymer Electrolyte for High‐Performance Quasi‐Solid‐State Battery
Authors: Nie Lu , Gao Runhua , Zhang Mengtian , Zhu Yanfei , Wu Xinru , Lao Zhoujie , Zhou Guangmin
Published: December 2023

The practical applications of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are challenged by safety concerns using liquid electrolytes (LEs). The gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) are considered as a promising candidate to solve this safety issue. In addition, using high‐mass loading electrodes is essential to achieve high energy density. However, poor interfacial contact between electrode and electrolyte remains a challenging issue, particularly for the high‐mass‐loading electrode. Here, porous channels are constructed in electrodes with high active material loading using the melamine formaldehyde sponge, and then the GPE is penetrated into porous channels of electrodes through an in‐situ thermal induced polymerization. The porous electrode structure with sufficient surface area improves electrolyte percolation and fast ion diffusion kinetics, which enables a uniform distribution of Li‐ion flux and effectively homogenizes the local current density to realize uniform Li deposition. The half cells and anode‐free full cells using the integration of porous electrodes and in‐situ polymerized GPEs exhibit excellent discharge capacity and cycle stability. This integration method is applicable for fabricating batteries with high energy density and safety.
Immobilizing Polyiodides with Expanded Zn2+ Channels for High‐Rate Practical Zinc‐Iodine Battery
Authors: Wu Jiawen , Yang Jin‐Lin , Zhang Bao , Fan Hong Jin
Published: December 2023

Aqueous zinc‐iodine battery (AZIB) has the advantage of low cost and high specific capacity but suffer from the soluble polyiodides shuttling and sluggish redox kinetics. Herein, these two limitations are addressed by employing a cathode additive (zirconium hydrogen phosphate, denoted as EI‐ZrP) which provides dual functions: an agent for polyiodide confinement, and abundant channels for zinc ion transport. An enlarged crystalline interlayer (from typical 7.5 to 18.3 Å) of the EI‐ZrP significantly enhances the ionic conductivity and simultaneously immobilizes polyiodides, leading to an accelerated conversion process. AZIB with EI‐ZrP in the iodine cathode exhibits a high capacity retention over 10,000 cycles (with a 0.02‰ decay rate per cycle). Quasi‐solid‐state Zn‐I2 pouch cell has been constructed using hydrogel‐paper as separator and EI‐ZrP additive, which delivers a high areal capacity under repeated bending. As a proof‐of‐concept demonstration, the paper battery is integrated to power a wireless flexible pressure sensor system (WFPSS). This strategy may shed light on the rational design of conversion‐type cathode materials for both energy storage and flexible portable electronics.
Prevalence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection among US blood donors by industry, May–December 2021
Authors: Shi Dallas S. , McDonald Emily , Shah Melisa , Groenewold Matthew R. , Haynes James M. , Spencer Bryan R. , Stramer Susan L. , Feldstein Leora R. , Saydah Sharon , Jones Jefferson , Chiu Sophia K. , Rinsky Jessica L.
Published: December 2023

Background

Work is a social determinant of health that is often overlooked. There are major work‐related differences in the risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection and death, but there have been few analyses of infection rates across industry groups. To date, only one national assessment of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection prevalence by industry based on self‐report has been completed. No study has looked at seroprevalence of COVID‐19 by industry.

Methods

During May–December 2021, blood donors with SARS‐CoV‐2 antinucleocapsid testing were sent an electronic survey about their work. Free‐text industry responses were classified using the North American Industry Classification System. We estimated seroprevalence and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection by industry.

Results

Of 57,726 donors, 7040 (12%, 95% CI: 11.9%−12.5%) had prior SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. Seroprevalence was highest among Accommodation & Food Services (19.3%, 95% CI: 17.1%−21.6%), Mining, Quarrying, and Oil and Gas Extraction (19.2%, 95% CI: 12.8%−27.8%), Healthcare & Social Assistance (15.6%, 95% CI: 14.9%−16.4%), and Construction (14.7%, 95% CI: 13.1%−16.3%). Seroprevalence was lowest among Management of Companies & Enterprises (6.5%, 95% CI: 3.5%−11.5%), Professional Scientific & Technical Services (8.4%, 95% CI: 7.7%−9.0%), and Information (9.9%, 95% CI: 8.5%−11.5%).

Conclusions

While workers in all industries had serologic evidence of SARS‐CoV‐2 infection, certain sectors were disproportionately impacted. Disease surveillance systems should routinely collect work characteristics so public health and industry leaders can address health disparities using sector‐specific policies.
Nanotechnology, a novel strategy in detectingStreptococcus agalactiae, and its antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing properties
Authors: Dousari Amin Sadeghi , Amirheidari Bagher , Dousari Fatemeh Sadeghi , Karbalaei Mohsen
Published: December 2023

Streptococcus agalactiaeor group B streptococcus is the cause of various infections in pregnant women and non‐pregnant adults with immunodeficiency, especially diabetics and infants. This bacterium can cause serious infections such as endocarditis, septicemia, meningitis, pneumonia, and urinary tract infections with a high mortality rate. Nowadays, the use of nanoparticles can play a central role in the management of such diseases due to their remarkable biocompatibility and distinct physicochemical characteristics. Nanoparticles are synthesized by various methods such as biological, chemical, and physical, and each has its own unique properties. Nanoparticles have antibacterial, anti‐biofilm, and antiquorum sensing properties in in vitro and in vivo conditions on human pathogens through different pathways. Different nanoparticles displayed that in addition to detectingS. agalactiae, it has antibacterial, antibiofilm, and antiquorum sensing effects on this bacterium. Therefore, the purpose of this review is to investigate different nanoparticles for the detection and effects of antibacterial, anti‐biofilm, and anti‐infestation assays against the human pathogenS. agalactiae.
On pointwise second‐order maximum principle for optimal stochastic controls of general mean‐field type
Authors: Boukaf Samira , Korichi Fatiha , Hafayed Mokhtar , Palanisamy Muthukumar
Published: December 2023

In this paper, we establish a second‐order stochastic maximum principle for optimal stochastic control of stochastic differential equations of general mean‐field type. The coefficients of the system are nonlinear and depend on the state process as well as of its probability law. The control variable is allowed to enter into both drift and diffusion terms. We establish a set of second‐order necessary conditions for the optimal control in integral form. The control domain is assumed to be convex. The proof of our main result is based on the first‐ and second‐order derivatives with respect to the probability law and by using a convex perturbation with some appropriate estimates.
Differential rotation in compact objects with hyperons and delta isobars
Authors: Farrell Delaney , Weber Fridolin , Li Jia Jie , Sedrakian Armen
Published: December 2023

Neutron stars may experience differential rotation on short, dynamical timescales following extreme astrophysical events like binary neutron star mergers. In this work, the masses and radii of differentially rotating neutron star models are computed. We employ a set of equations of states for dense hypernuclear and ‐admixed‐hypernuclear matter obtained within the framework of CDF theory in the relativistic Hartree‐Fock (RHF) approximation. Results are shown for varying meson‐ couplings, or equivalently the ‐potential in nuclear matter. A comparison of our results with those obtained for nonrotating stars shows that the maximum mass difference between differentially rotating and static stars is independent of the underlying particle composition of the star. We further find that the decrease in the radii and increase in the maximum masses of stellar models when ‐isobars are added to hyperonuclear matter (as initially observed for static and uniformly rotating stars) persist also in the case of differentially rotating neutron stars.
Tübbinggroßversuche mit optimierter Krafteinleitung
Authors: Kühbacher Manuel , Evangelatos Alexandros , Galler Robert
Published: December 2023

Beim Tunnelbau mittels geschildeter Vortriebsmaschinen dienen Tübbinge zur Sicherung des Hohlraums. Es ist daher unerlässlich, Kenntnis über deren statische Tragfähigkeit und Verhalten bei Belastung vorweisen zu können. Die einzelnen Tübbinge bilden im eingebauten Zustand einen Ring aus, auf welchen die unterschiedlichsten Belastungen aus dem umliegenden Gebirge einwirken. Für die an der Montanuniversität Leoben durchgeführten Großversuche im Realmaßstab wurde eine kombinierte Krafteinleitung nachgebildet, um eine realistische Belastung eines Tübbings zu simulieren. Um die aus dem Ringschluss resultierenden Normalkräfte im Querschnitt hervorzurufen, wird eine Kraft in horizontaler Richtung aufgebracht. Bei Erreichen dieses Belastungsniveaus wird in weiterer Folge die Vertikalkraft bis zum Versagen des Bauteils gesteigert, wobei die horizontale Einspannung konstant gehalten wird. Aufgrund der spezifischen Tübbinggeometrie ist während des Einleitens der Horizontalkraft auch gleichzeitig eine Vertikalkraft notwendig, um ein Ausknicken des Tübbings zu verhindern. Diese erforderliche Kraft kann mit einer numerischen Simulation oder alternativ dazu mittels herkömmlicher statischer Berechnung in vereinfachter Form ermittelt werden, welche in der vorliegenden Arbeit aufgezeigt wird. Es werden unterschiedliche Überlegungen dazu aufgezeigt und anschließend gegenübergestellt.
Process Parameters Influence Product Yield and Kinetic Parameters in Lipase Catalysis
Authors: Bose Abir Lal , Bhattacharjee Debapriya , Goswami Debajyoti
Published: December 2023

Effects of process parameters like enzyme concentration, concentration and type of substrate, pH, temperature, speed of agitation, and pressure on lipase catalysis are reviewed. The enzyme concentration controls its interfacial presence and consequently the rate of reaction. A change in substrate concentration alters lipase kinetics. Substrate‐lipase interaction varies with substrate type and pH. Water concentration and agitation affect the extent of interfacial area. Temperature impacts the rate and thermal denaturation of enzymes. Statistical optimization can solve the problem of controlling a variable's effect by other variables. Immobilization support and nonionic surfactant altered the significance of enzyme concentration. The lipase type controlled the impact of concentrations of enzyme, substrate, and water. The water content was important during lipase‐catalyzed hydrolysis and esterification. The mode of agitation influenced the significance of enzyme concentration and temperature. Time had a remarkable impact during hydrolysis. Temperature, substrate type, and chain length notably controlled kinetic parameters. This work paves the way for similar studies on other enzymes.
Structural changes and product distribution of typical Xinjiang coals and chars during pyrolysis
Authors: Wang Mingyuan , Fu Wen , Wang Haibin , Cai Junzhe , Zhang Jiayu , Tao Zhicheng , Li Li , Wang Xuefeng , Hua Ye , Bai Xiaowei
Published: December 2023

This study used micro‐Raman spectroscopy, gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS), and gas chromatography–flame ionization detector/thermal conductivity detector (GC–FID/TCD) to analyze the structure and pyrolysis reactions of nine typical coals and chars from Xinjiang. The study fitted 10 Gaussian bands of typical Xinjiang coal and investigated the changes in coal structure during coalification and pyrolysis. The results indicated that the reduction degree of CO structures in coal during coalification had a rough linear relationship with the Vdaf (dry ash‐free volatile matter) content. During coalification, the condensation of aromatic rings is accompanied by a continuous decrease of CO structures, while the contents of cross‐linking and substitution structures decrease persistently relative to the large aromatic ring structures. The influence of coal type on char yield for typical Xinjiang coal is within 15 wt.%; the influence on tar yield is within 8.5%, with a greater impact on the yield of alkanes and phenols in tar; the influence on CO yield in pyrolysis gas is within 6.3%. The relative content of large aromatic ring structures in coal is relatively stable during pyrolysis, while the relative content of small aromatic ring structures declines as coal transforms into char. The study inferred that small aromatic rings might decompose and transform into tar after pyrolysis reaction, which also resulted in a high selectivity of phenolic products in tar from most coal pyrolysis above 40%. This study revealed the structural changes and pyrolysis product distribution of nine typical coals and chars from Xinjiang, providing useful information for their utilization.