bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Finland’s Arctic strategy: international cooperation and legal aspects
Authors: Jilkine Vladimir
Published: June 2020

The article is devoted to the issues of international cooperation of Finland in the Arctic in the sphere of environment on a stable international legal basis. The international cooperation in the Arctic began at the government level in 1991 at Rovaniemi at the meeting of the Arctic countries ministers. The improvement of the regulatory and legal framework for environmental protection and perfection of the legal instruments of interaction with international environmental organizations is a priority task in the development of the Arctic zone. The development of interstate relations is promoted by a multitude of Arctic forums and discussion platforms that unite Finland and Russia in virtue of these countries geographical neighbourhood and trade and economic relations. Finland actively stands for mutually beneficial bilateral and multilateral cooperation with the Arctic countries on the basis of international treaties and agreements, and favours international scientific and technical cooperation within the framework of global and regional technological and research projects in the Arctic. The international attention to the prospects of the Arctic, as well as Finlands climate-related agreements and commitments, required a revision of the national legislation on environmental. In the first 11 months of 2018, the Parliament of Finland received 265 draft bills in the sphere of ecology for consideration. The protection of indigenous small-numbered nations, their original habitat and traditional way of life is based on the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples. In the authors opinion, the study and application of the experience and achievements in the field of digital technologies in legal science in Finland will give a positive impetus to the perfection of the Russian digital model of legal groundwork for the Arctic, it will favour the improvement of the regulatory and legal framework for laying the foundations of state governance of the Russian Federation Arctic Zone and for legislative recognition of its status as a special object of state regulation, and it will also promote development of technologies for legal monitoring, legal prognostication and expert examination of international projects of statutory legal acts.
Corruption in the field of international and Russian sport
Authors: Pavlinov Andrey
Published: June 2020

The article is a response to the current scientific research of Professor S. V. Maksimov, dedicated to the problems of corruption in the field of international sports. Analyzing the conceptual apparatus, such categories as "sports competition", "organizer of sports competition", exploring the range of unofficial and official international sports events, the status of the organizers of international official sports competitions and paying attention to corruption factors in the activities of the International Olympic Committee, S. V. Maksimov, limited by the scope of his work, is forced to ignore the activities of international sports federations and national Olympic committees.

The author fills this gap by analyzing the activities of the Russian Olympic Committee, the International swimming Federation, and the all-Russian swimming Federation. Supporting the thesis of S. V. Maksimov that athletes are the "weak side" of the Olympic movement, whose rights and legitimate interests are not properly guaranteed, the author identified the problems of mass sports in Russia, the difficulties of material and technical support for sports teams, the lack of funding for swimmers in the regions, the lack of sports schools and sports pools, flaws in the legislative regulation of assigning sports categories. Such problems are partly caused by corruption in Russian sports and generate injustice.

The author agrees with S. V. Maksimov position that it is necessary to adopt a comprehensive UN Convention on sport and improve anti-corruption criminal law bans in the criminal code of the Russian Federation. It also seems appropriate to adopt the principles and provisions of the new Code of ethics of the International Olympic Committee, adopted in 2017, at the national and regional level.
Potensi Khamir Kluyveromyces lactis dalam Meningkatkan Kualitas Susu Fermentasi yang Ditambah Jagung Manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn)
Authors: Ayuti Siti Rani , Yurliasni Yurliasni , Novita Cut Intan , Mariana Elmy
Published: June 2020

ABSTRAK. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui peningkatan kualitas produk susu fermentasi dengan menggunakan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis dan penambahan jagung manis. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) pola faktorial yang terdiri dari 2 faktor dan 2 level, yaitu faktor penambahan jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn) (A) terdiri atas 25% (a1) dan 75% (a2), dan faktor penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis (B) terdiri atas 0.5% (b1) dan 1% (b2), dengan lima kali ulangan pada masing-masing perlakuan sehingga memperoleh 20 satuan percobaan. Parameter yang diamati antara lain adalah kadar protein, kadar lemak, kadar asam laktat dan derajat keasaman (pH). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis secara statistik menggunakan ANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Duncan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap kadar protein, lemak, kadar asam laktat dan derajat keasaman (pH). Sementara penambahan jagung manis tidak berpengaruh nyata (P0.05) terhadap kadar protein dan derajat keasaman (pH), namun berpengaruh sangat nyata (P0.01) terhadap kadar lemak dan kadar asam laktat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penambahan khamir Kluyveromyces lactis 1% dan jagung manis (Zea mays saccharata Linn) 75% pada produk susu fermentasi dapat meningkatkan kualitas produk susu.  (Potential of yeast-Kluyveromyces lactis in improving quality of fermented milk added sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn)) ABSTRACT. The aims of this research were to determine the quality improvement of fermented milk products using Kluyveromyces lactis and the addition of sweet corn. This study used factorial experiment conducted with completely randomized design (CRD) which divide into 2 factors and 2 levels, there were the addition of sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn) factors (A) consist of 25% (a1) and 75% (a2), and the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis factors (B) consist of 0.5% (b1) and 1% (b2), with five replications on each treatment to obtain 20 units of experiment. The observed parameters such as protein levels, fat levels, lactic acid levels and acidity degree (pH). Research data were analyzed statistically by using ANOVA and continued by Duncan's tests. The results showed that the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis had no significant effect (P 0.05) on protein levels, fat levels, lactic acid levels and acidity degree (pH). While the addition of sweet corn had no significant effect (P 0.05) on protein levels and acidity degree (pH), but it had a very significant effects (P 0.01) on fat levels and lactic acid levels. The results indicate the addition of yeast Kluyveromyces lactis 1% and sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Linn) 75% in fermented milk products can improve the quality of dairy products.
Teknologi Ameliorasi dan Pemupukan Tanah Suboptimal serta Hubungannya dengan Sifat Kimia Tanah dan Pertumbuhan Padi Galur Sikuneng
Authors: Agustin Selly Nara , Zuraida Zuraida , Muyasiir Muyassir
Published: June 2020

Abstrak. Tanah suboptimal adalah tanah yang kehilangan kemampuannya untuk mendukung kegiatan fisiologis tumbuhan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan bahan amelioran dan dosis pupuk yang tepat sifat kimia tanah dan pertumbuhan padi galur sikuneng. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimen dimana perlakuan disusun dalam bentuk Rancangan Acak Kelompok pola Faktorial dan diulang sebanyak 3 kali. Faktor pertama bahan Amelioran yaitu Gipsum, Biochar dan PIM-organik dan faktor kedua dosis pupuk Urea,SP36 dan KCl. Hasil penelitian yang didapat adalah amelioran PIM-organik dapat meningkatkan pH dan pertumbuhan padi galur sikuneng sedangkan perlakuan pupuk N:P:K 225:150:150 kg ha-1 dapat meningkatkan K-dd tanah suboptimal dan pertumbuhan padi galur sikuneng, serta terdapat interaksi amelioran dan pemupukan dalam  meningkatkan P-tersedia dan jumlah anakan padi tersebut.Restoration Technology and Sub-Optimal Soil Fertilization and Its Relationship with Soil Chemical Properties and Growth of Sikuneng Strain RiceAbstract. The suboptimal land is a land that has lost its ability to support plant physiological activity. The study was to find proper auditing materials and fertilizers of soil chemicals and the growth of rice strains. The study USES experimental methods where treatment is structured in random design groups factorial patterns and repeated as much as much as 3 times. The first factor of internal amelia, biochar and pim-organic and the second dose of urea, SP36 and KCl. While study result have been derived that the organic pim watch can improve pH and growth of resistant rice while the fertilizer treatment N:P:K 225:150:150 kg ha-1 of can enhance the K-dd soil of suboptimal and that there is feedback interactions and fertilization in enhancing the P-available amount of rice.
El método científico y la filosofía como herramientas para generar conocimiento
Authors: De Hoyos Benítez Sandra Milena
Published: June 2020

desde tiempos inmemorables el hombre ha cuestionado el mundo que lo rodea y el porqué de los fenómenos que diariamente observa en la naturaleza, al igual que se ha interesado por estudiar el comportamiento humano y la explicación de las interacciones humanas. En la búsqueda por explicar lo que le rodea, el hombre ha propuesto hipótesis que con el paso del tiempo se han podido verificar o falsear, ese conjunto de conocimientos que se ha logrado confirmar o refutar es lo que se conoce como ciencia y el conjunto de pasos que se siguen para poder confirmarlos es lo que se conoce como método científico. Este artículo busca hacer un análisis de las distintas definiciones de ciencia que se han conocido provenientes de pensadores y filósofos a lo largo de la historia; se realiza un análisis de la categorización de métodos científicos aplicados para la generación de conocimiento y cómo la filosofía aporta para la generación de este
Exploratory Study of the BPM Tools Used by Romanian Industrial Service Companies to Increase Business Performance
Authors: Barbu Andreea , Cristina Simion Petronela , Ana Maria Popescu Mirona , Cristina Costea Marcu Iustina , Valeriu Popescu Mihai
Published: June 2020

With the development of technology and the phenomenon of digitalization, companies have begun to use IT solutions to suit their needs and competences, so that they can improve their organizational performance. One of the most used solutions by the firms for optimization, efficiency, dynamic adaptation and their integration with the technological trends is represented by Business Process Management solutions. Through this paper, it is desired to analyse the most used BPM tools used by the companies providing industrial services in Romania. In this regard, an exploratory study was carried out that presents the most important characteristics of the most popular BPM solutions from Romania. These solutions are compared according to a set of criteria, among which: operating system, main features, access mode, training ways, technical support, or integration with other systems. At the end of this paper, there are presented some suggestions regarding what an industrial service company should do to establish what kind of BPM solution is good for it.
Possible Involvement of Autophagy or Apoptosis Dysregulation in Infection with COVID-19 Virus as the Main Cause of Mortality: Hypothetical Function of ACE-2/Mas / Ang (1-7) Signaling Pathway and Proposal of a Post-infection Treatment Strategy
Authors: Motaghinejad Majid , Abbasi Mesrabadi Mobina , Gholami Mina , Safari Sepideh
Published: June 2020

The article's abstract is no available.
NEW PATHWAYS IN CHEMISTRY
Authors: Prabhu Dr D V
Published: May 2020

Chemistry is a science whose progress is exponential as it touches every aspect of our existence and provides all the things required for life to survive on this planet. Chemistry is rightly called the Science of Life.

Chemical processes provide food, clothing, shelter medicines, and energy to sustain life. Feeding the ever-increasing population is a big challenge calling for increased production of crops, minimizing losses during their harvesting and storage and use of new, improved varieties like Genetically modified (GM) food grains and pulses.

The use of fertilizers has increased manifold over the years, leading to an increase in the production of food. Clothing is made from plant fibres like cotton and silk. New and better varieties of cotton have been developed. Nylon, produced by the polymer industry is also a critical clothing material in some parts of the world. New materials like composites, fly ash bricks, and polymeric wastes are being increasingly used for construction purposes, especially for housing and roads. 

Research for the synthesis of new drugs to combat diseases is a continuous activity, and the pharmaceutical industry has a considerable investment, especially in our country. Indigenous medicine systems like Ayurveda, Homoeopathy and Unani are also contributing to health welfare, especially in India. Of late, nanomedicines are emerging as an essential area of medicine.

Non-conventional energy sources like solar, nuclear, hydro, biodiesel and wind energy are being increasingly tapped as possible substitutes for the fast depleting coal and oil reserves. The International Solar Alliance, initiated by India, aims at forging a strong partnership between all nations to tap and use solar energy.
Impacto de la política fiscal en la desigualdad de género: el caso del IVA en Colombia
Authors: Caicedo Enríquez Diana Carolina
Published: May 2020

En este artículo se analiza cómo las políticas fiscales representan una herramienta que contribuye a la reducción o aumento de la inequidad y desigualdad de género. Para ello se abordan antecedentes sociales y normativos de atención o control a la discriminación, con especial enfoque en la esfera de lo fiscal. Para lo anterior, se empleó un marco metodológico cualitativo con la técnica de análisis del discurso jurisprudencial, legislativo y doctrinal, permitiendo identificar las transformaciones en el ámbito internacional, que originaron los ajustes a las políticas públicas de los países; demostrando la fragilidad de las naciones en vías de desarrollo –como Colombia– ante la ineludible tarea de reforma y transformación en los ámbitos económico y tributario. Finalmente, se evidencian los sesgos en la implementación del enfoque de género en las tres últimas reformas tributarias correspondientes a los años 2016, 2018 y 2019, al realizar un exhaustivo análisis comparativo entre estas.
A note on the Dutch disease
Authors: Heijman Wim
Published: May 2020

Many resource rich countries are poor, where many resource poor countries are rich. One of the possible explanations of this paradox called the ‘resource curse’ is the Dutch Disease. This paper aims to analyse this phenomenon with the help of a simple macroeconomic trade model. It presents a number of Dutch Disease Cases of which the ‘Norwegian Case’ provides an example containing an effective policy against the negative impact of Dutch Disease on the national economy.

JEL Classification: O11, O24, Q33
Evaluation of crop and irrigation water requirements for some selected crops in Apulia region -Southern Italy
Authors: Alobid Mohannad , Szűcs István
Published: May 2020

Nowadays, nearly 90% of global water consumption is caused by irrigation activities, and more than 40% of the crops are produced under irrigated conditions. This study is an endeavour to estimate the irrigation water requirement (IWR) and crop water requirement (CWR) for some selected crops (Pepper, Eggplant, Potato, Soybean, Maize, Wheat Melon, Lettuce, Sunflower, Broadbean, Citrus, Cherry, Olive tree, Sugarbeet, Artichoke, Wine Grapes, Carrot...etc.) in Sothern Italy. The selected districts (Sant’ Arcangelo) have been taken as a case study area. Demanded meteorologically (rainfall, temperature, humidity, wind speed, sunshine hours) and crop data (crop coefficient and crop calendar) have been collected for 30 years period from 1981 to 2011. FAO CROPWATv8.0 software has been applied for requisite calculation of CWR and IWR along with the developing of cropping patterns. The FAO Penman-Monteith equation is used for estimating the reference evapotranspiration (ET0) by using meteorological data in the framework of CROPWAT model as it regarded as a good evaluator for a wide variety of climatic conditions. The analysis indicates that FAO Penman-Monteith suits very well for the study area and can be successfully used for the estimation of reference evapotranspiration. The important results in this study indicate that the IWR is very low from November to April (wintertime) due to higher rainfall intensity in these months and from month May to October a considerable amount of water is required for irrigation.

JEL Classification: Q25, Q24,Q10
How to improve the performance of agriculture in Mongolia by ICT
Authors: Takahashi Yukitsugu , Dooliokhuu Munkhtuya , Ito Atsushi , Murata Kazuki
Published: May 2020

Agriculture is one of the most important sectors for the Mongolian economy. Also, self-sufficient food is a significant target that has a vital role in the food safety of people in Mongolia. But due to climate change, not proper management, and lack of technology, the Mongolian agricultural sector is facing several issues. So this article aims to find some potential solutions to improve this situation, especially for the crop production sector in Mongolia. To define the current situation of Mongolian agriculture, we used statistical data and reports and recent scientific articles as well as online sources. The current situation of Mongolian agriculture is defined using SWOT analysis reported by the Ministry of Food, Agriculture, and Light Industry of Mongolia. Based on this research, we discuss the possibility of using a drone to improve the performance of agriculture in Mongolia. As a result, a drone is effective in enhancing the performance of agriculture performed by householders. Also, two effective models that are based on ICTs to address soil erosion and harvest losses issues in Mongolia are defined in this article.

JEL Classification: Q16
Determinants of credit access of cocoa farmers
Authors: Oppong Mensah Nicholas , Yeboah Edward , Donkor Anthony , Osei Tutu Frank , Kaanye Dier Richard
Published: May 2020

Access to credit is one of the critical areas that are of prime interest to development practitioners, agribusiness entrepreneurs and agricultural economists, mainly access to credit by farmers in order to increase their production and also reduce poverty. This study sought to analyze the determinants of credit access among cocoa farmers in the Asunafo North of the Ahafo Region of Ghana. The multistage sampling procedure was used to collect data from 100 cocoa farmers with the aid of a questionnaire. Sources of credit, factors influencing access to credit, and constraints to credit were analyzed with the aid of descriptive statistics, multiple linear regression, and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance respectively. The results of multiple linear regression revealed that, age, marital status, education, experience, and family size were significant factors that influenced access to credit. The constraints analysis with the aid of Kendall’s coefficient of concordance showed that, high interest rate was highly ranked with a mean score of 1.93 whilst the need for a guarantor was least ranked with a mean score of 7.40. Based on the results, the study recommended that a policy aimed at expanding formal and semi-formal financial institutions credit portfolio to embrace cocoa farmers by finding alternative to collaterals and also reducing the interest rate will improve credit access with a positive externality effect of poverty reduction among cocoa farmers in the study area.

JEL Classification: Q14
Brassica Türlerinde Şalgam Mozaik Virüsü (TuMV)’ne Dayanıklılık
Authors: BALTACI Abdullah , CANSIZ Nuran , ŞEVİK Mehmet Ali
Published: May 2020

Brassicaceae familyası sebzeler, yağ bitkileri ve süs bitkileri gibi ekonomik öneme sahip bitkileri içermektedir. Şalgam mozaik virüsü (TuMV), ekonomik açıdan önemli birçok Brassica türünü tehdit eden bir virüstür. Özellikle Brassica grubu bitkileri arasında oldukça geniş bir konukçu dizisine sahip olup 156 cinse bağlı 318 bitki türünde enfeksiyon oluşturabilmektedir. Yürütülen kapsamlı çalışmalarla, Brassica rapa (retr01, ConTR01, BcTuR3, rnt1, TuRBCH01, retr02, trs, TuMV-R, TuRB01b, TuRB07, TuRBCS01), B. napus (TuRB01, TuRB02, TuRB03, TuRB04, TuRB05) ve B. juncea (TuRBJU01, retr03)’da dominant ve resesif genler tespit edilmiştir. Yapılan çalışmalar, TuMV’ye dayanıklığın genetik mekanizması konukçuya ve patojen ırkına bağlı olduğunu göstermektedir. Ortaya çıkarılan dayanıklılık genlerinin Brassica türlerinde ıslah çalışmalarında kullanılması hastalıkla mücadele açısından oldukça önemlidir. Özellikle dünyada ve Türkiye’de önemli kışlık sebzelerden biri olan lahana (B. oleracea)’da TuMV’ye dayanıklı genlerin tanımlanarak haritalanması TuMV enfeksiyonuna bağlı kayıpların önlenmesi bakımından gereklidir. Bu nedenle lahanalarda TuMV’ye dayanıklılık mekanizmasıyla ilgili çalışmalara ihtiyaç duyulmaktadır. Genetik ve moleküler biyolojide sağlanan gelişmelerle Brassica ve TuMV arasındaki ilişkinin moleküler düzeyde araştırılması, dayanıklık mekanizmasının anlaşılması ve yeni dayanıklılık kaynaklarının ortaya konması açışıdan önemli olacaktır. Bu derleme TuMV’ye karşı Brassica türlerinde dayanıklılık sağlayan genler ve dayanıklılık mekanizmaları hakkında bilgilerin oraya çıkarılması amacıyla hazırlanmıştır.
Profissionalismo Médico e o Contrato Social: Reflexões acerca da Pandemia de COVID-19
Authors: Ferreira Maria Amélia , De Carvalho Filho Marco Antonio , Franco Giuliani dos Santos , Franco Renato Soleiman
Published: June 2020

N/a.
Como a Acta Médica Portuguesa se Adaptou aos Tempos de Pandemia
Authors: Villanueva Tiago , Donato Helena , Escada Pedro , De Sousa Carla , Matos Rui , Reis Miguel
Published: June 2020

N/a.
Ensino de estatística na EJA
Authors: Silva Giane Correia , Santos Junior Guataçara dos
Published: June 2020

Este artigo objetivou apresentar uma proposta utilizando a metodologia de resolução de problemas para o Ensino de Estatística, na EJA, voltadas ao Ensino Médio, em um colégio público estadual paranaense. Os procedimentos de coleta de dados foram: os registros das observações e as produções dos alunos que geraram dados empíricos e foram analisados a partir da metodologia da Análise Textual Discursiva – ATD. As Sequências de Ensino – SE foram elaboradas a partir da metodologia da resolução de problemas contemplando objetos de conhecimento de Estatística. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam por um lado, que a metodologia da resolução de problemas pode contribuir para o desenvolvimento do raciocínio estatístico dos alunos; por outro, que a formalização dos conceitos pelo professor mostrou-se relevante porque juntos, professor e alunos, discutem as tentativas de resolução do problema proposto, contribuindo para a construção do conhecimento estatístico e formação cidadã.
Simulação computacional
Authors: Coutinho Cileda de Queiroz e Silva , Figueiredo Auriluci de Carvalho
Published: June 2020

Neste artigo discutem-se aspectos didáticos da abordagem frequentista da probabilidade por meio de simulação computacional. Para tanto, utilizamos um applet que simula o jogo franc-carreau. Os dados para discussão foram colhidos em oficina para professores. O referencial teórico abrangeu a teoria das situações didáticas, de Brousseau e o modelo de letramento probabilístico, de Gal, adotando-se pressupostos baseados na engenharia didática de segunda geração como metodologia de pesquisa, uma vez que o objetivo era relacionado à formação continuada de professores. Nos relatos dos professores sobre atividades que trabalhavam com o enfoque frequentista, observamos que a manipulação das frequências relativas acumuladas em uma planilha Excel mostrou-se relativamente propícia para superar dificuldades no uso de tecnologias, abrindo possibilidades de ampliação de aspectos do letramento probabilístico, com reflexões e discussões sobre sua aplicação na educação básica e superior.
CONCEPT OF PRACTICAL CALCULATION OF ZAKAT
Authors: Wildan Muhammad Dimas Hidayatullah
Published: June 2020

Today there are interesting developments in religious awareness in the layers of Muslims in Indonesia, especially in the awareness of zakat, charity, and charity. Zakat has a very strategic role in efforts to reduce poverty or economic development. In giving zakat to those who are entitled to have a number of ceremonies, both the calculated nishab and following their haul. This paper discusses the practical concept of calculating zakat. The discussion starts from the meaning of zakat both in terms of language and according to the terms and mention of zakat in the Qur’an. The second discussion is the law of zakat, zakat is worship, Zakat is included in the category of compulsory worship (such as prayer, pilgrimage, and fasting) which has been arranged based on the Qur'an and sunnah. The next discussion is the types of zakat which consist of two types namely zakat nafs (soul), also called zakat fitrah. Zakat mâl (treasure). Followed by the conditions of zakat. The third discussion is assets that must be zakat included; livestock, trade assets, company assets, agricultural products, minerals, and marine products as well as gold and silver, professional zakat, and zakat fitrah. Nisab and levels of zakat are also discussed and the calculation table.
Peningkatan Kompetensi Spasial melalui Pembuatan Peta bagi Guru Geografi SMA di Kota Banjarmasin
Authors: Anggriani Parida , Adyatma Sidharta , Rahman Akhmad Munaya , Saputra Aswin Nur
Published: June 2020

Rendahnya kompetensi spasial guru Geografi disebabkan karena kurangnya pemahaman guru dalam hal konsep data spasial dan penyajiannya yang sesuai dengan kaidah kartografis. Kegiatan ini bertujuan untuk memberikan pengalaman dan pemahaman kaidah kartografis serta pendalaman konsep menggunakan aplikasi ArcGIS dalam pembelajaran materi kartografis yang ada di kelas XII jenjang SMA sederajat. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah guru-guru Geografi SMA sederajat di Kota Banjarmasin yang tergabung dalam kegiatan Musyawarah Guru Mata Pelajaran (MGMP) Geografi. Pendidikan. Pelatihan ini dilakukan dengan metode ceramah dan demonstrasi disertai tanya jawab. Hasil kegiatan pelatihan ini secara keseluruhan dapat dikatakan baik yang dilihat dari ketercapaian target peserta pelatihan, ketercapaian tujuan pelatihan, ketercapaian target materi yang direncanakan, dan kemampuan peserta dalam penguasaan materi. The low spatial competence of Geography teachers is due to the lack of understanding of teachers in terms of spatial data concepts and their presentation following cartographic rules. This activity aims to provide experience and knowledge of cartographic principles and the deepening of concepts using ArcGIS in learning cartographic material in class XII at the high school. This activity target is high school geography teachers in Banjarmasin, members of the Teachers of Geography Subject Meeting (MGMP). This training was conducted using lecture and demonstration methods accompanied by questions and answers. The results of this training activity can be said both as seen from the achievement of the training participants 'targets, the achievement of training objectives, the achievement of planned material targets, and the participants' ability to master the material.
Analysis And Performance Comparison of Microwave And WiFi 802.11ac Based Backhaul For Long Term Evolution Network In Urban Area
Authors: Nurvira Nida , Isnawati Anggun Fitrian , Danisya Achmad Rizal
Published: May 2020

Increasing user requirements for LTE networks, data traffic from eNodeB to core network is also increases, therefore, the recommended solution for meeting this high data traffic is to use a backhaul network design. Backhaul is the path or network used to connect eNodeB with the core network. In this research, backhaul technology used is wi-fi 802.11ac backhaul and microwave backhaul. In this study begins by collecting existing data, then perform capacity calculations to find out the number of eNodeB needed and to find out the capacity of the backhaul links to be designed, then determine the antenna height to achieve LOS conditions, then calculate the desired performance standards and calculate the backhaul network link budget on microwave and wi-fi technologies. Based on the calculation results in terms of capacity, the total user target is 90,167 users and has a throughput capacity per eNodeB of 61 Mbps. In the link-capacity calculation, the total link capacity is 427 Mbps. From the simulation results that using microwave technology, the average RSL value is -30.90 dBm, the value meets the -57 dBm threshold standard and the value of availability does not meet the standard of 99.999% because the average value obtained is 99.998095%. Whereas for wi-fi technology, the average RSL value is -39.24 dBm and meet the -72 dBm threshold standard, for the average availability value meets 99.999% standard, with a value of 100%. From the results of the two technologies, can be conclude that the wi-fi technology is more suitable for the use of backhaul network design in Ciputat Sub-district.
Bassoonists’ Medical Problems—Current State of Knowledge
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: May 2020

Specific musical instruments can be a source of physical problems to their players. Based on reviews of the literature and personal experience, this paper summarizes current knowledge of problems affecting musicians who play instruments in the bassoon family (including the bassoon,
contrabassoon, and several other instruments). Prevalence rates are higher in reports of surveys (ranging up to 86%), compared to clinical reports of patients seen and treated. Significant risk factors include young age, small body size, female gender, and use of large instruments. Problems
unique to bassoonists are rare; most physical difficulties also are seen in general musculoskeletal clinical practices and in musicians playing all types of instruments. The left upper extremity is more commonly affected by overuse-related conditions in bassoonists. Non-playing-related problems
are equally important for consideration (such as degenerative disorders and acute trauma), since they also affect practice and performance. Little experimental data exist to validate current and widely-held principles of treatment, rehabilitation, and prevention.
Cumulative Psychological Trauma, Emotional Regulation, and Orthopedic Injury in a Sample of Pre-Professional and Professional Dancers and College Athletes
Authors: Thomson Paula , Jaque S Victoria
Published: May 2020

OBJECTIVE: Strong evidence identifies cumulative trauma exposure and a history of childhood adversity as predictive factors for physical and psychological disorders. In this study, dancers and athletes were examined to determine the relationship among childhood adversity, cumulative
trauma exposure, stress responses, and injuries (including the need for orthopedic surgery). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, 287 pre-professional and professional dancers (n=185) and college athletes (n=102) participated. Seven self-report measures were completed. Descriptive statistical
analyses were calculated, followed by a 2 x 2 multivariate analysis (MANCOVA, age and gender were covariates): 1) dancer and athlete groups, and 2) participants who had orthopedic surgery vs no surgery. Stepwise linear regression analyses were calculated to predict cumulative injuries in multiple
body regions. RESULTS: The MANCOVA result indicated that dancers and athletes shared similar cumulative injuries to multiple regions of their bodies. Compared to athletes, dancers were exposed to more childhood trauma and experienced more anxiety and emotional difficulties. Participants who
underwent orthopedic surgery also had more cumulative trauma and injuries as well as more difficulty with emotional regulation. In both dancers and athletes, increased exposure to childhood and adult traumatic events were significant predictive factors associated with injury. CONCLUSION: Both
dancers and athletes frequently perform within a culture that is pressured and promotes behavior that ignores pain and injury. It is recommended that coaches, educators, and healthcare workers understand the influence of cumulative trauma on risk for orthopedic injury and incorporate trauma-informed
care.
Effects of Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment on Musicians: A Systematic Review
Authors: Kiepe Marie-Sophie , Fernholz Isabel , Schmidt Tobias , Brinkhaus Benno , Schmidt Alexander , Weikert Cornelia , Rotter Gabriele
Published: May 2020

BACKGROUND: Professional musicians frequently suffer from musculoskeletal complaints and disorders (MCD), which can be treated by osteopathic manipulative treatment (OMT). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effectiveness and efficacy of OMT in adult musicians. METHODS:
A systematic literature search included the electronic databases PubMed/MEDLINE, Medpilot, EBSCOhost, BioMedCentral, OSTMED-Dr, osteopathic-research.com, PEDro, hand searches, and contact to European osteopathic academies. Interventional and observational studies published between January
1999 and January 2019, of professional or amateur musicians who were either healthy or had MCD treated by OMT, were included. The quality of the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was assessed by the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale ranging between 0 and 10 points. RESULTS: Only
5 studies were identified investigating OMT in musicians, including 1 RCT (cross-over design), 3 clinical controlled trials, and 1 case report. The internal validity of the RCT was assessed as 6 points. OMT was reported to have a positive impact on healthy singers, improving phonation time,
voice quality, and voice range. It also improved the cervical range of motion in violinists. No adverse events were observed, although only the cross-over RCT reported partly an assessment of adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence for OMT in adult musicians is very limited. Prospective
controlled clinical trials investigating OMT in musicians are required.
Art on Prescription. Dutch Performing Arts Medicine Association (NVDMG) Symposium, Leeuwarden, The Netherlands, October 29, 2019
Authors: Woldendorp Kees Hein
Published: May 2020

The focus of the symposium, organized by the Rehabilitation Expertise Center for Music & Dance of Revalidatie Friesland (NL) under the auspices of the Dutch Performing Arts Medicine Association (NVDMG), was the added value of the application of art in health care and the social
domain. The abstracts of the presentations provide information about different aspects related to this topic.
The Musician’s Hand: A Clinical Guide, 2nd ed. By Ian Winspur
Authors: Dawson William J
Published: May 2020

The Musician’s Hand: A Clinical Guide, 2nd ed. By Ian Winspur. Published by JP Medical Publishers, London, 2018, 206 pp. ISBN 978-1-909836-81-5.
Premature Mortality of Gastrointestinal Cancer in Iran: Trends and Projections for 2001–2030
Authors: Shadmani Fatemeh Khosravi , Farzadfar Farshad , Yoosefi Moein , Mansori Kamyar , Shadman Reza Khosravi , Haghdoost Ali Akbar
Published: June 2020

Background: The aim of this study was to determine the trend and projection of premature mortality from gastrointestinal cancers (GI) at national and subnational levels in Iran.Methods: According to the data gathered through Iranian Death Registry System (DRS) and population data from census, mortality rate was calculated among 30-70 age group. The trends of premature mortality of esophageal, colon and rectum, gallbladder, pancreases, stomach, and liver cancers were estimated and projected at the national and subnational levels from 2001 to 2030. Spatio-temporal model was used to project spatial and temporal correlations. Results: The mortality rate of GI cancers in males was higher than females, indicating 6.1, 3.9 and 3.9 percent per 100000 in 2001, 2015 and 2030 respectively among males; whereas, the corresponding values for females were 3.8, 3.1 and 3.7 per 100000. The mortality rate of GI cancers had been decreasing by 2015 but it will remain stable by 2030 in males; however, the rate will be increasing in females. Also, there was a considerable variation in the mortality trends of different cancers. Pancreatic, gallbladder, and liver cancers were shown to have an increasing trend while a dropped was observed in the mortality of stomach, colon and rectum, and esophageal cancers. Conclusion: The difference in the patterns of GI cancers and their trends around the country showed that a more comprehensive control plan is needed that includes the predicted variations.
Increasing questionnaire response: evidence from a nested RCT within a longitudinal birth cohort study
Authors: Goodwin Michaela , Walsh Tanya , Whittaker William , Emsley Richard , Sutton Matthew , Tickle Martin , Kelly Michael , Pretty Iain
Published: June 2020

Background: High response rates are essential when questionnaires are used within research, as representativeness can affect the validity of studies and the ability to generalise the findings to a wider population. The study aimed to measure the response rate to questionnaires from a large longitudinal epidemiological study and sought to determine if any changes made throughout data collection had a positive impact on the response to questionnaires and addressed any imbalance in response rates by participants’ levels of deprivation. Methods: Data were taken from a prospective, comparative study, designed to examine the effects of the reintroduction of water fluoridation on children’s oral health over a five-year period. Response rates were analysed for the first year of data collection. During this year changes were made to the questionnaire layout and cover letter to attempt to increase response rates. Additionally a nested randomised control trial compared the effect on response rates of three different reminders to complete questionnaires.Results: Data were available for 1824 individuals. Sending the complete questionnaire again to non-responders resulted in the highest level of response (25%). A telephone call to participants was the only method that appeared to address the imbalance in deprivation, with a mean difference in deprivation score of 2.65 (95% CI -15.50 to 10.20) between the responders and non-responders. Conclusions: Initially, low response rates were recorded within this large, longitudinal study giving rise to concerns about non-response bias. Resending the entire questionnaire again was the most effective way of reminding participants to complete the questionnaire. As this is a less labour intensive method than for example, calling participants, more time can then be spent targeting groups who are underrepresented. In order to address these biases, data can be weighted in order to draw conclusions about the population.
Methotrexate impaired in-vivo matured mouse oocyte quality and the possible mechanisms
Authors: Tian Ning , Lv Dan-yu , Yu Ji , Ma Wan-yun
Published: June 2020

Background：Methotrexate (MTX) is an antifolate agent which is widely used in clinic for treating malignancies, rheumatoid arthritis and ectopic pregnancy. As reported, MTX has side effects on gastrointestinal system, nervous system and reproductive system, while its potential damages on oocyte quality are still unclear. It is known that oocyte quality is essential for healthy conception and the forthcoming embryo development. Thus, this work studied the effects of MTX on the oocyte quality. Results: We established MTX model mice by single treatment with 5 mg/Kg MTX. Both morphological and molecular biology studies were performed to assess the in-vivo matured oocytes quality and to analyze the related mechanisms. The in-vivo matured oocytes from MTX-treated mice had poor in-vitro fertilization ability, and the resulting embryo formation rates and blastocyst quality were lower than the control group. We found that the in-vivo matured MTX-treated mouse oocytes displayed abnormal transcript expressions for genes of key enzymes in the folate cycles. MTX increased the rate of abnormal chromosome alignment and affected the regulation of chromosome separation via disrupting the spindle morphology and reducing the mRNA expressions of MAD2 and Sgo1. MTX reduced the DNA methylation levels in the in-vivo matured oocytes, and further studies showed that MTX altered the expressions of DNMT1 and DNMT 3b, and may also affect the levels of the methyl donor and its metabolite. Conclusions: MTX impaired the in-vivo matured mouse oocyte quality by disturbing folate metabolism and affecting chromosome stability and methylation modification.
Registered Nurses´ Views on Telephone Nursing for Patients with Respiratory Tract Infections in Primary Healthcare – A qualitative interview Study
Authors: Kaminsky Elenor , Aurin Ingrid Edvardsson , Hedin Katarina , Andersson Lisbet , Andre Malin
Published: May 2020

Background: Telephone nursing in primary healthcare has been suggested as a solution to the increased demand for easy access to healthcare, increased number of patients with complex problems, and lack of general practitioners. Registered nurses’ assessments may also be of great importance for antibiotic prescriptions according to guidelines. The aim of this study was to describe registered nurses’ views of telephone nursing work with callers contacting primary healthcare centres regarding respiratory tract infections.Methods: A descriptive, qualitative study was performed through interviews with twelve registered nurses in Swedish primary healthcare. Results: The overarching themes for registered nurses’ views on telephone nursing were captured in two themes: professional challenges and professional support. These included three and two categories respectively: Communicate for optimal patient information; Differentiate harmless from severe problems; Cope with caller expectations; Use working tools; and Use team collaboration. Optimal communication for sufficiently grasping caller symptoms and assess whether harmful or not, without visual input, was underlined. This generated fear of missing something serious. Professional support used in work, were for example guidelines and decision support tool. Colleagues and teamwork collaboration were requested, but not always offered, support for the interviewed registered nurses.Conclusions: The study deepens the understanding of telephone nursing as an important factor for decreasing respiratory tract infection consultations with general practitioners, thus contributing to decreased antibiotic usage in Sweden. To cope with the challenges of telephone nursing in primary healthcare centres, it seems important to systematically introduce the use of the available decision support tool, and set aside time for inter- and intraprofessional discussions and feedback. The collegial support and team collaboration asked for is likely to get synergy effects such as better work environment and job satisfaction for both registered nurses and general practitioners. Future studies are needed to explore telephone nursing in primary healthcare centres in a broader sense to better understand the function and the effects in the complexity of primary healthcare.
Isolation and Characterization of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) from Red Panda (Ailurus fulgens)
Authors: Liu Songrui , Li Yunli , Yue Chanjuan , Zhang Dongsheng , Su Xiaoyan , Yan Xia , Yang Kuixing , Chen Xin , Zhuo Guifu , Cai Tong , Liu Jiangfeng , Peng Xi , Hou Rong
Published: June 2020

Background Disease prevention and control is a significant part of the ex-situ conservation of the endangered red panda (Ailurus fulgens), with bacterial infection being one important threat to the health of the captive population. To date, there are no systematic and detailed publications about E. coli-associated disease in red pandas. This study was conducted to determine the cause of death, etiology and pathogenesis in a captive red panda through clinical symptoms, complete blood count, biochemical analysis, pathological diagnosis, antimicrobial susceptibility test, mouse pathogenicity test, and bacterial whole genome sequencing. Results A bacterial strain confirmed as Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) was isolated from one captive red panda post mortem. This strain is resistant to most of the β-lactam antibiotics and a small number of aminoglycoside medications. The mouse pathogenicity test results showed that the strains isolated post mortem from mice were identical to that in the red panda, and the pathological findings were similar to those seen in the red panda. Whole-genome sequencing of the E. coli isolated from the red panda showed the complete sequences of the chromosome was 4.99 Mbp. PapA , PapG , OmpA , OmpU and other virulence factors were specific to Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). Among the virulence factors, P pili, type I pili and iron uptake system related factors were associated with nephrotoxicity. Conclusion The red panda died of septicemic bacterial infection which was identified as Uropathogenic Escherichia coli . The pathogenic mechanisms of the strain are closely related to the expression of specific virulence genes.
Understanding Women’s Perspectives on Breast Cancer is essential for cancer control: Knowledge, Risk Awareness, and Care-seeking in Mwanza, Tanzania
Authors: Chao Christina A. , Huang Liuye , Visvanathan Kala , Mwakatobe Kisa , Masalu Nestory , Rositch Anne
Published: June 2020

Background: Breast Cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Since 2008, Mwanza, Tanzania, has worked to provide comprehensive cancer services through its Zonal consultant hospital. New national guidelines focused on clinical breast exam requires that women be aware of and seek care for breast concerns.. Therefore, this study aims to understand breast cancer awareness in Mwanza and describe women-level barriers, care-seeking behavior, and perspectives on breast cancer.Methods: A community-based survey was administered to conveniently sampled women aged 30 and older to assess women’s perspectives on breast cancer and care-seeking behavior.Results: Among 1,129 women with a median age of 37 (IQR: 31-44) years, 73% have heard of cancer and 10% have received breast health education. Women self-evaluated their knowledge of breast cancer (from 1-none to 10-extremely knowledgeable) with a median response of 3 (IQR: 1-4). Only 14% felt they knew any signs or symptoms of breast cancer. Encouragingly, 56% of women were fairly-to-very confident they would notice changes in their breasts, with 24% of women practicing self-breast examination and 21% reporting they had received a past breast exam. Overall, 74% said they would be somewhat-to-very likely to seek care if they noticed breast changes, with 96% noting severity of symptoms as a motivator. However, fear of losing a breast (40%) and fear of a poor diagnosis (38%) were most frequent barriers to care seeking. In assessing knowledge of risk factors, about 50% of women did not know any risk factors for breast cancer whereas 42% of women believed long term contraceptive use a risk factor. However, 37% and 35% of women did not think that family history or being older were risk factors, respectively.Conclusions: The success of efforts to improve early diagnosis in a setting without population-based screening depends on women being aware of breast cancer signs and symptoms, risks, and ultimately seeking care for breast concerns. Fortunately, most women said they would seek care if they noticed a change in their breasts, but the low levels of cancer knowledge, symptoms, and common risk factors highlight the need for targeted community education and awareness campaigns.