bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Apolipoprotein E epsilon4 allele is associated with better performance language and visual memory in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3
Authors: Chen Xuanyu , Lin Kunxin , Ye Zhixian , Qiu Liangliang , Qiu Yusen , Yuan Ruying , Yu Xintong , Huang Chunyu , Cheng Bi , Lin Wei , Lai Tianmin , Chen Wanjin , Wang Ning , Gan Shirui , Su Qiuni , Fu Ying ,   OSCCAR Investigators
Published: December 2024

Background

The regulatory role of the apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele in the clinical manifestations of spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the APOE ε4 allele on cognitive and motor functions in SCA3 patients.

Methods

This study included 281 unrelated SCA3 patients and 182 controls. APOE genotypes were analyzed using PCR amplification combined with Sanger sequencing. Additionally, 96 SCA3 patients were prospectively recruited for neuropsychological and motor function assessments. Neuropsychological phenotypes were evaluated using the modified Chinese version of the Minimal Assessment of Cognitive Function in Multiple Sclerosis (MACFIMS). Motor function was assessed using the Scale for the Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS).

Results

The frequency of the APOE ε4 allele was increased in SCA3 patients compared to the control group. The APOE ε4 allele was associated with better performance in language and visual memory, but also with more severe speech disturbances in SCA3 patients. Furthermore, in SCA3, the expanded CAG repeat length was correlated with poorer language memory performance and slower information processing speed, as well as more severe gait disturbances, fast alternating hand movements, speech disturbance, and oculomotor disorders.

Conclusions

The APOE ε4 allele may serve as a disease‐modifying factor in SCA3, influencing both cognitive and motor functions.
Physiological and Molecular Responses to Salinity in Two Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Varieties
Authors: Wang Yuelin , Zhou Hanjun , Xu Liang , Ye Xiefeng
Published: December 2024

This study compared the salt tolerance of two tobacco varieties with different salt tolerances during the germination period—Basma (Oriental tobacco) and K326 (flue‐cured tobacco)—under NaCl stress. Basma exhibited higher antioxidant enzyme activity (1.16–3.58 times that of K326), reduced levels by 16.5% during the peak accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and effectively regulated ion homeostasis by upregulating NtSOS1, reducing Na+ accumulation in aboveground tissues by 21.01–22.90 times and in underground tissues by 12.84–14.15 times compared to K326. Additionally, Basma increased the indole‐3‐acetic acid (IAA) content in underground tissues by 1.5 times after 72 h of saline stress, a change supported by increased expression of NtPIN4. In summary, Basma demonstrated greater salt tolerance than K326 by increasing antioxidant enzyme activity, regulating ion homeostasis and maintaining IAA balance. These findings suggest that enhancing ROS scavenging, modifying root structure and applying IAA can effectively enhance salt tolerance in tobacco cultivation.
Elevated CO2 Modulates N Uptake and N Use Efficiency of Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.) Response to Soil Progressive Drought at Topping Stage
Authors: Zhang Lin , Liu Fulai , Li Guitong
Published: December 2024

Rising atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) is believed to mitigate the drought stress on plant, and is regulated by soil nitrogen availability. Nonetheless, effects of elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) on plant response to drought and their interactive effects on plant N uptake and utilisation remain critical unknown. In this study, three‐month‐old potted tobacco plants (a C3 model and crop plant) cultivated at two CO2 concentrations (400 and 800 μmol mol −1) were exposed to progressive drought stress after budding‐topping. In this study, 15N isotopic technique used for analysing the fertiliser‐N transformation in soil and plant organs. Results shown drought generally decreased tobacco biomass, and soil nutrient supply significantly intensify this leaf biomass decreasing induced by drought, while e[CO2] could alleviate the soil drought and nutrient effects on biomass decreasing in upper‐leaf. During progressive drought, e[CO2]‐plants are able to maintain higher root hydraulic conductivity (Kr) than their a[CO2]‐counterparts, the higher Kr induced by e[CO2] were correlated with leaf stomatal conductance (gs) decrease and xylem sap ABA ([ABA]xylem) increase. In other words, soil nutrient supply enhanced the [ABA]xylem of drought‐stressed plants with 3–7 folds higher than none nutrient supply counterparts. Elevated [CO2] induced more fertiliser‐N accumulated in tobacco leaves, especially under well‐watered conditions, which in turn yielded higher photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency in leaves but low in whole plant. These results suggested that e[CO2] could alleviate drought‐induced photosynthesis limitation by improving root biomass (mainly fine root) and Kr, but the alleviation varied with soil nutrient conditions, thereby mitigating the drought‐negative effects on upper‐leaf growth, finally improved tobacco water use efficiency and tobacco production.
Bulk and Single‐Cell Transcriptome Analyses Unravel Gene Signatures of Mitochondria‐Associated Programmed Cell Death in Diabetic Foot Ulcer
Authors: Luo Wenqiang , Li Ning , Liu Jin , Li Duoyu , Li Yongheng , Ma Qing , Lin Chuangxin , Lu Liang , Lin Sipeng
Published: December 2024

Mitochondrial programmed cell death (PCD) plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). In this study, we performed a comprehensive transcriptome analysis to identify potential hub genes and key cell types associated with PCD and mitochondria in DFU. Using intersection analysis of PCD‐ and mitochondria‐related genes, we identified candidate hub genes through protein‐protein interaction and random forest analysis. At the single‐cell level, key cell types were further validated based on the expression of hub genes. Additionally, we explored the transcription factors (TFs) regulating hub gene expression and the cellular heterogeneity of DFU. Finally, the expression of key hub genes and TFs was validated in clinical specimens. Our results identified BCL2 and LIPT1 as significantly downregulated hub genes in DFU, with Keratinocytes, as the key cell type. Immunohistochemistry confirmed downregulation of BCL2 and LIPT1 in DFU samples (p < 0.05). Additionally, TFs CEBPD and IRF1 were significantly upregulated in DFU, as confirmed by real‐time polymerase chain reaction analysis (p < 0.05).
Examining longitudinal associations between interpersonal outcomes and general psychopathology factors across preadolescence using random intercept cross‐lagged panel model
Authors: Wu Tom Chin‐Han , Lloyd Alex , Viding Essi , Fearon Pasco
Published: December 2024

Background

Interpersonal outcomes and mental health problems are closely associated. However, their reciprocal influence has not been directly examined while considering the temporal stability of these constructs, as well as shared and unique variance associated with internalising, externalising and attention problems. Using random intercept cross‐lagged panel models (RI‐CLPM), we tested the hypotheses that negative bidirectional associations at the between‐person and negative cross‐lagged effects at the within‐person level would emerge between interpersonal outcomes (friendship quality and perceived popularity) and mental health problems (i.e. general psychopathology factor) during preadolescence.

Methods

Participants (n = 918) were from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development. Psychopathology, consisting of a general psychopathology factor (p‐factor) and three specific factors (internalising, externalising and attention problems), was derived from mother‐reported Child Behaviour Checklist symptoms. Friendship quality was assessed using the self‐reported Friendship Quality Questionnaire. Popularity was assessed using teacher‐reported popularity ranking. Four RI‐CLPM were estimated to examine the associations between interpersonal outcomes and psychopathology at between‐ and within‐person levels across four timepoints (mean ages 8–11).

Results

At the between‐person level, popularity scores, but not friendship quality, were negatively associated with p‐factor scores (β = −.33). At the within‐person level, we found (i) p‐factor scores at age 9 negatively predicted friendship quality and popularity at age 10, but not at other ages (β = −.16 to −.19); (ii) specific externalising factor scores at age 10 negatively predicted friendship quality at age 11 (β = −.10) and specific internalising factor scores at ages 8 and 9 positively predicted friendship quality at ages 9 and 10 (β = .09–.12) and (iii) popularity at age 10 negatively predicted specific internalising factor scores at age 11 (β = −.12).

Conclusions

Psychopathology was found to influence interpersonal outcomes during preadolescence, while the reverse effects were less readily observed, once between‐person level effects were accounted for.
Review of Applications of Microneedling in Melasma
Authors: Chen Wenwen , Jian Xingling , Yu Bo
Published: December 2024

Background

Melasma, a common skin pigmentation disease, can negatively impact patients' mental health, social interactions, and physical appearance. Although we now have several treatments accessible, such as medicines, chemical peels, and phototherapy, which can help ease symptoms to some extent, the requirement for a long‐term effective and safe treatment for patients is far from met. In the face of this problem, microneedling, as an innovative treatment, provides a new avenue for treating melasma. Although microneedling has been extensively investigated for treating other skin issues such as inflammation, scarring, and photoaging, research into its use in melasma treatment is still in its early stages.

Objective

This study aimed to gather and assess clinical information on microneedling's effectiveness in treating melasma, covering research gaps and serving as a beneficial reference for clinical therapy.

Methods

We searched PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases for articles with the keywords “microneedling,” “percutaneous collagen induction”, and “melasma.” Following a thorough assessment, we selected 64 clinical studies that matched the requirements for in‐depth analysis.

Results

After thoroughly reviewing these data, we concluded that microneedling has tremendous potential for treating melasma. Microneedling can significantly improve treatment outcomes, especially when paired with additional therapies such as topical medicines or phototherapy.

Conclusion

Overall, the evidence reported in this study demonstrates that microneedling is an essential advancement in melasma treatment. Not only can it improve the efficacy of topical drugs and other treatment modalities, but it also has an excellent safety and tolerability profile, making it desirable to patients and clinicians. While the current findings are encouraging, more study is needed to refine treatment protocols, investigate the long‐term consequences of microneedling, and establish it as the standard of care for melasma treatment. We anticipate that microneedling will play an increasingly important role in the future of melasma treatment, providing our patients with more hope and a broader choice of treatment alternatives.
Effectiveness and Safety of Micro‐Plasma Radiofrequency Treatment Combined With Autologous Chyle Fat Grafting Treatment for Hypertrophic Scars: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Zhang Peixuan , Pei Haina , Zhou Guiwen , Fu Qiang , Bai Ruiqi , Lin Pianpian , Wu Qian , Xu Xiao , Chen Minliang
Published: December 2024

Background

Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a fibroproliferative disorder resulting from abnormal healing of skin tissue after injury. Although various therapies are currently employed in clinical to treat HSs, there is no widely accepted standard therapy. Micro‐plasma radiofrequency (MPR) and autologous chyle fat grafting are emerging treatments for this condition, and they have demonstrated promising therapeutic outcomes in clinical applications. The aim of this study is to investigate the effectiveness and safety of combining MPR with autologous chyle fat grafting for the treatment of HSs.

Methods

We performed a retrospective study on patients diagnosed with HS in a single center between January 2020 and December 2023. According to the treatments, patients were divided into three groups, with 6 months follow‐up. The single therapy group received MPR alone for two times. The combined therapy Group 1 first received the MPR treatment followed by the combined treatment. The combined therapy Group 2 first received the combined treatment and then received the MPR treatment. The effectiveness of treatment was evaluated using the Vancouver Scar Scale (VSS) and the Patient Scar Assessment Scale (PSAS). The Visual Analog Scale (VAS) was used to assess the patients' pain on the day of treatment and 1 day after treatment. Adverse events and complications were recorded to assess the safety of treatment.

Results

A total of 73 patients diagnosed with HS were enrolled in this study, including 35 patients in the single therapy group, 18 patients in the combined therapy Group 1, and 20 patients in the combined therapy Group 2. After the treatments were completed, all three groups exhibited significant effectiveness. The two combined therapy groups scored lower after treatments in the VSS, which includes height, vascularity, pliability, and total scores, as well as in the PSAS, which includes color, stiffness, thickness, and total scores, compared to the single therapy group, with a statistically significant difference. Regarding pain response to treatment, there was no statistical difference in VAS among the three groups. No statistical difference in the overall incidence of adverse events was observed among the three groups, and no severe complications were recorded.

Conclusions

This study revealed the combination of MPR and autologous chyle fat grafting showed superior effectiveness compared to MPR alone in treating HSs, without any observed increase in overall adverse event frequency. For patients diagnosed with HS, this combination therapy stands as a promising and effective clinical intervention.
Preparation and Evaluation of the Effectiveness of an Anti‐Wrinkle Cream Containing Equisetum arvense and Soybean Extracts
Authors: Nojomi Sara , Soltanmohammadi Fatemeh , Azimi Alamdari Hamideh , Hamedyazdan Sanaz , Mahmoudi Gharehbaba Adel , Javadzadeh Yousef
Published: December 2024

Background

Skin aging is a multifaceted condition marked by the development of wrinkles, reduced suppleness, and uneven pigmentation. Both endogenous and exogenous factors contribute to skin aging. Studies have examined the possible anti‐aging advantages of horsetail and soybean extracts, which are abundant in antioxidants.

Methods

A study was conducted to develop and assess the stability of an anti‐wrinkle cream combining horsetail and soybean extracts over a period of 6 months. This study was a pilot study that was prospective and noncomparative in nature. An investigation was performed to explore the efficiency of a treatment on wrinkles on the forehead. The study involved 15 volunteers between the ages of 35 and 55, and the modified Fitzpatrick wrinkle grading scale (FWS) method was used to assess the results. The participants were directed to administer cream to the forehead region for a duration of eight sequential weeks. Images were acquired at the initial stage and after 8 weeks of treatment. An independent investigator evaluated the improvement in the overall appearance of the forehead skin by comparing clinical images taken before and after the therapy.

Results

The cream exhibited exceptional stability, showing no noteworthy alterations in pH, viscosity, or microbiological count. The clinical findings demonstrated a notable decrease in the average FWS score from 8.7 ± 1.3 to 6.1 ± 1.8 (p < 0.005) after the treatment. 93.4% of the individuals experienced a positive alteration in the appearance of their forehead wrinkles.

Conclusion

The formulated cream presents a hopeful method to tackle skin aging issues, backed by its durability and effectiveness in diminishing wrinkles. Additional investigation is necessary to clarify the underlying mechanisms.

Trial Registration: IRCT20190917044799N1
Heteroglossic management in Instagram: Emerging ideological dynamics among Basque youth
Authors: Elordui Agurtzane
Published: December 2024

In this paper, I explore the monolingual and polylingual stylistic behaviors on Instagram among Basque native young people within the project Gaztesare. By means of an in‐depth qualitative study, I try to explain in which sense such monolingual and polylingual behaviors or styles are socially significant signs of difference (Gal & Irvine, 2019). The study reveals that those styles are organized in an axis of differentiation (Gal, 2016; Gal & Irvine, 2019) that takes the contrasting monolingual and polylingual styles as iconic representations linked to different personhoods or person‐types. The participants of the study consider them tools to shape and create contrasting voices that interilluminate each other in different contexts on Instagram. The study also informs about new ideological dynamics among these young people. In fact, the most innovative results in this study are about the enregisterment of the polylingual style I study. It is becoming an exclusive in‐group talk, and it is acquiring stereotypic indexical values related to informality. It is, moreover, being naturalized as a “social network speech” with which young people recreate multiple multicultural and playful voices.
The role of parents' and adolescents' critical reflection in the development of white youths' commitments to dismantling oppression
Authors: Suzuki Sara , Marchand Aixa D. , Johnson Sara K.
Published: December 2024

Given the access that white youth have to privilege and power, it is important to understand how they might develop life goals related to dismantling multiple forms of oppression, which we term critical purpose. Parents may support their children's critical purpose via their own critical reflection (understanding of the root causes of disparities in society), which may be associated with their child's critical reflection. Structural equation models of two waves of data from 351 white youth showed an indirect relationship between parent critical reflection and youth critical purpose through youth critical reflection. Bolstering white parents' critical reflection may be a strategy for supporting the development of white youths' commitments to future social justice action.
Racial discrimination and adverse childhood experiences predicting depressive symptoms and developmental assets: Testing cultural socialization and preparation for bias as moderators among Black adolescents and caregivers
Authors: Williams Chelsea Derlan , Bravo Diamond Y. , Santana Arlenis , Paige Roderick , Wise Cynara , Leslie Carine E. , Sullivan Terri N.
Published: December 2024

The current study examined whether adverse childhood experiences and racial discrimination predicted adolescents' internal developmental assets, external developmental assets, and depressive symptoms. We also tested whether these relations were buffered by aspects of caregivers' reports of ethnic‐racial socialization efforts (i.e., cultural socialization and preparation for bias). Participants were Black adolescents 12 to 17 years of age (Mage = 15.09, SD = 1.36) and their caregivers. Findings indicated that adolescents' racial discrimination experiences and adverse childhood experiences were associated with less internal assets, less external assets, and greater depressive symptoms. Preparation for bias was a protective moderator in two associations, such that at low levels of preparation for bias, racial discrimination predicted less external assets, but this relation became non‐significant at high levels of preparation for bias. Similarly, at low levels of preparation for bias, adverse childhood experiences predicted greater depressive symptoms, but this relation became non‐significant at high levels of preparation for bias. Caregivers' cultural socialization was also protective in that at low levels of cultural socialization, adverse childhood experiences predicted less internal developmental assets, but this relation became non‐significant at high levels of cultural socialization. Adverse childhood experiences and racial discrimination contribute to poorer outcomes, but caregivers' efforts to teach their children about their race, ethnicity, and culture are protective in some of these associations. Findings highlight that it is important to focus on both risk factors and protective family cultural processes to promote Black adolescents' positive developmental and mental health.
Medicare Advantage and rural hospital profitability
Authors: Kim Young H. , Reiter Kristin L. , Thompson Kristie W. , Pink George H.
Published: December 2024

Purpose

This study compares 2018–2023 Medicare Advantage (MA) days as a percentage of total Medicare days in rural and urban hospitals, describes 2022–2023 operating profitability of rural and urban hospitals by quartiles of MA days as a percentage of total Medicare days, and explores hospital characteristics that may be important for understanding the relationship between MA and profitability of rural hospitals.

Methods

Financial and hospital data were obtained from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) Healthcare Cost Report Information System (HCRIS) for the years 2018 to 2023. Hospitals were assigned to quartiles based on MA days as a percentage of total Medicare days. Descriptive analyses were conducted to compare hospital characteristics and financial performance across quartiles.

Findings

Between 2018–2019 and 2022–2023, the median percentage of total Medicare days from MA grew from 11.3% to 28.0% for rural hospitals. The 2022–2023 median operating margin varied from 0.0% for rural hospitals in Q1 (lowest MA days as a percentage of total Medicare days) to 3.4% for hospitals in Q4 (highest MA days as a percentage of total Medicare days).

Conclusion

Among rural hospitals, higher MA days as a percentage of total Medicare days was found to be associated with higher operating margin. However, results suggest that MA is not randomly distributed: rural hospitals with higher MA days as a percentage of total Medicare days exhibit distinct characteristics. This non‐random distribution suggests that descriptive analysis may not fully capture the actual financial impact of MA on rural hospitals. Future research should recognize these complexities.
Colocalization of Ellipsoid Zone Disruption With Capillary Nonperfusion in Different Retinal Vascular Layers and Choriocapillaris on En Face OCT of Diabetic Patients
Authors: Mirshahi Reza , Rahdar Amir , Ahmadi Mohamad Javad , Fadakar Kaveh , Torkashvand Ali , Nekoozadeh Shahbaz , Falavarjani Khalil Ghasemi
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To assess the colocalization of ellipsoid zone (EZ) disruption with nonperfusion in choriocapillaris (CC), retinal superficial capillary plexus (SCP), and deep capillary plexus (DCP) in diabetic patients using en face optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCTA).

Methods

Macular OCT and OCTA scans (3 × 3 mm) of 41 patients with diabetic retinopathy were obtained using an RTVue XR Avanti instrument. After correcting the shadow artifacts, EZ integrity was assessed in the en face OCT slab using the Gaussian mixture model clustering method compared with the corresponding EZ en face OCT of 11 age‐matched normal patients. A similar technique was used for detecting capillary nonperfusion using CC en face OCTA. Geometric perfusion density (GPD) maps were also generated for the SCP and DCP. Maps of capillary nonperfusion in the CC, SCP, and DCP were compared pixel by pixel with the map generated from EZ disruption.

Results

Twenty‐one patients with diabetic macular edema (DME) and 20 patients with diabetic retinopathy without macular edema were included in this study. In both groups, the overlap of EZ disruption was significantly greater with choriocapillaris nonperfusion than with nonperfusion in the SCP and DCP (dry macular group: 33.15% with CC vs. 0.46% with SCP vs. 1.70% with DCP, p < 0.001; DME group: 29.81% with CC vs. 1.22% with SCP vs. 6.25% with DCP, p < 0.001). In multivariate analysis, after adjusting for stage of diabetic retinopathy and DME, EZ disruption was only associated with nonperfusion in CC (p value = 0.03). According to the linear regression model, there was a statistically significant correlation between logMAR visual acuity and EZ disruption in the dry macular group (p = 0.041).

Conclusion

In patients with diabetic retinopathy, choriocapillaris nonperfusion may play a more significant role in photoreceptor loss than retinal nonperfusion.
Genomic investigation of plant secondary metabolism: insights from synteny network analysis of oxidosqualene cyclase flanking genes
Authors: Li Haochen , Li Jiale , Li Xinchu , Li Jialin , Chen Dan , Zhang Yangxin , Yu Qiaoming , Yang Fan , Liu Yunxiao , Dai Weidong , Sun Yaqiang , Li Pengmin , Schranz M. Eric , Ma Fengwang , Zhao Tao
Published: December 2024

The clustered distribution of genes involved in metabolic pathways within the plant genome has garnered significant attention from researchers. By comparing and analyzing changes in the flanking regions of metabolic genes across a diverse array of species, we can enhance our understanding of the formation and distribution of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs).

In this study, we have designed a workflow that uncovers and assesses conserved positional relationships between genes in various species by using synteny neighborhood networks (SNN). This workflow is then applied to the analysis of flanking genes associated with oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs). The method allows for the recognition and comparison of homologous blocks with unique flanking genes accompanying different subfamilies of OSCs.

The examination of the flanking genes of OSCs in 122 plant species revealed multiple genes with conserved positional relationships with OSCs in angiosperms. Specifically, the earliest adjacency of OSC genes and CYP716 genes first appeared in basal eudicots, and the nonrandom occurrence of CYP716 genes in the flanking region of OSC persists across different lineages of eudicots.

Our study showed the substitution of genes in the flanking region of the OSC varies across different plant lineages, and our approach facilitates the investigation of flanking gene rearrangements in the formation of OSC‐related BGCs.
A tripartite transcriptional module regulates protoderm specification during embryogenesis in Arabidopsis
Authors: Wang Chenchen , Gao Yang , Gong Wen , Laux Thomas , Li Sha , Xiong Feng
Published: December 2024

Protoderm formation is a crucial step in early embryo patterning in plants, separating the precursors of the epidermis and the inner tissues. Although key regulators such as ARABIDOPSIS THALIANA MERISTEM LAYER1 (ATML1) and PROTODERMAL FACTOR2 (PDF2) have been identified in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana, the genetic pathways controlling protoderm specification remain largely unexplored.

Here, we combined genetic, cytological, and molecular approaches to investigate the regulatory mechanisms of protoderm specification in Arabidopsis thaliana.

We report a novel role of the β‐importin KETCH1 in protoderm specification. KETCH1 loss‐of‐function leads to aberrant protoderm cell morphology and absent ATML1 transcription in embryos. We further demonstrate that KETCH1 directly interacts with an RNA Polymerase II (Pol‐II) cofactor JANUS, mediating its nuclear accumulation. Furthermore, JANUS directly interacts with the WUS HOMEOBOX2 (WOX2) protein, which is critical for WOX2‐activated ATML1 expression. Consequently, JANUS, KETCH1, and WOX2 loss‐of‐function results in similar protoderm defects.

Our results identify the tripartite KETCH1/JANUS/WOX2 transcriptional module as a novel regulatory axis in Arabidopsis protoderm specification.
The rhythm of horse gaits
Authors: Laffi Lia , Raimondi Teresa , Ferrante Carola , Pagliara Eleonora , Bertuglia Andrea , Briefer Elodie Floriane , Gamba Marco , Ravignani Andrea
Published: December 2024

What makes animal gaits so audibly rhythmic? To answer this question, we recorded the footfall sound of 19 horses and quantified the rhythmic differences in the temporal structure of three natural gaits: walk, trot, and canter. Our analyses show that each gait displays a strikingly specific rhythmic pattern and that all gaits are organized according to small‐integer ratios, those found when adjacent temporal intervals are related by a mathematically simple relationship of integer numbers. Walk and trot exhibit an isochronous structure (1:1)—similar to a ticking clock—while canter is characterized by three small‐integer ratios (1:1, 1:2, 2:1). While walk and trot both show isochrony, trot has a slower tempo and is more precise and accurate, like a metronome. Our results quantitatively discriminate horse gaits based on rhythm, revealing striking commonalities with human music and some animal communicative signals. Gait and vocal rhythmicity share key features, and the former likely predates the latter; we suggest this supports gait‐based hypotheses for the evolution of rhythm. Specifically, the perception of locomotor rhythmicity may have evolved in different species under pressure for predator recognition and mate selection; it may have been later exapted for rhythmic vocal communication.
Translation, Reliability and Validity of the Chinese Version of the Confidence in Dementia Scale for Clinical Nursing: A Cross‐Sectional Study
Authors: Jiang Qianqian , Li Na , Kong Dong , Zhai Yan , Chen Haiwen , Liu Jinfeng , Xiao Ping , Chen Yanan , Pei Wenjian , Song Jie
Published: December 2024

Aim

To translate the 9‐item Confidence in Dementia (CODE) scale into Chinese (Confidence in Dementia‐Chinese, CODE‐C) and evaluate its psychometric properties among clinical nurses.

Background

With the rapidly ageing population, an increasing number of patients with dementia will be cared for in hospitals. Clinical nurses' confidence in dementia care is crucial to provide quality care. A reliable and valid assessment tool is urgently needed to measure confidence in dementia and identify educational needs in hospitals. The CODE applies to other societies, and this study aims to standardise this scale for China.

Design

This was a cross‐sectional study.

Methods

Following the principles of Brislin bidirectional translation, literal translation, back‐translation, expert consultation, cognitive debriefing and preliminary testing were performed, and the CODE‐C was preliminarily revised. Internal consistency and test–retest reliabilities with a 2‐week interval were tested, and an item analysis was conducted using the Pearson correlation coefficient method. Validity was evaluated, including content, construct, convergent, discriminant and criterion validity.

Results

A total of 452 Chinese‐speaking nurses from three hospitals in Jinan, China, completed the survey. The scores of each item and the total score of the CODE‐C were positively correlated (r = 0.626–0.802, p < 0.05). The difference between the high‐score group and the low‐score group for each item of the CODE‐C was significant (p < 0.05). The Cronbach's α coefficient, Spearman–Brown coefficient and Guttman split‐half coefficient of the CODE‐C were 0.894, 0.842 and 0.838, respectively, and the test–retest reliability was 0.892. The scale‐ and item‐level content validity indices were both 1.00. The confirmatory factor analysis model only marginally supported the three‐factor structure. Positive correlations were noted between the CODE‐C and the General Self‐Efficacy Scale (r = 0.476, p < 0.01), suggesting acceptable concurrent validity.

Conclusion

The CODE‐C showed acceptable reliability and validity and can be applied to measure the level of confidence in dementia and the outcome of educational interventions aimed at enhancing dementia care among Chinese clinical nurses.

Implications for Practice

The CODE‐C can be used as a valid scale to assess the level of confidence in dementia among clinical nurses and help them recognise and improve their level of dementia care.
Early Improvement in Cardiac Function and Dyssynchrony After Physiological Upgrading in Pacing‐Induced Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Moraleda‐Salas María Teresa , Amigo‐Otero Emilio , Esteve‐Ruiz Irene , Arce‐León Álvaro , Carreño‐Lineros José Miguel , Torralba Elena Izaga , Roldan Francisco Navarro , Moriña‐Vázquez Pablo
Published: December 2024

Background

Interventricular dyssynchrony derived from the classic non‐physiological stimulation (n‐PS) of the right ventricle (RV) is a known cause of left ventricular dysfunction (LVDys).

Methods

This was a prospective descriptive single‐center study. We analyzed patients who develop LVDys with n‐PS, and the results after upgrading to conduction system pacing (CSP). Ultra‐high frequency electrocardiogram (UHF‐ECG) was performed pre and post‐implantation of the last patients included. ECG recordings in 16 frequency bands (150–1000 Hz) were used to create maps of ventricular depolarization. The maximum time difference between the centers of mass of the complex UHF QRS of leads V1–V6 (electrical dyssynchrony [DYS‐e] 16) and V1–V8 (DYS‐e 18) defined ventricular dyssynchrony. Data were expressed as mean ± standard deviation.

Results

27 patients were upgraded to CSP from January 2022 to January 2024 after developing LVDys. Permanent His bundle pacing (p‐HBP) was achieved in 63% (n = 17); in the other 10 patients left bundle branch area pacing (LBBAp) was performed. The average baseline LVEF improved from 34.5% (27–42) to 47.6% (38.2–57), p < 0.001. Telediastolic left ventricle diameter as well as QRS width also decreased. Thresholds remained stable at 6‐month follow‐up. The last eight patients included were studied in terms of ventricular synchrony parameters by UHF‐ECG (VDI Technologies), both His bundle pacing (HBP) and the LBBAp achieved significant improvement with respect to baseline parameters.

Conclusions

LVEF improved in patients with previous n‐PS‐induced cardiomyopathy after upgrading to CSP. LVDys due to dyssynchronopathy is frequent and probably underdiagnosed. UHF‐ECG provides useful new information about ventricular activation and will likely improve patient selection for cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT).
Managing a Mental Disorder With New Technologies: TheLeadless Pacemaker in Reel's Syndrome, a Case Report
Authors: Magliano P. L. , Scotto Di Uccio F. , Persico R. , Provvisiero C. , Ricciardi P. , Ducceschi V.
Published: December 2024

Reel's syndrome (RS) is an unusual cause of pacemaker lead dislodgement. We present the case of a 59‐year‐old female patient with Down syndrome (DS) implanted with a dual‐chamber endovascular pacemaker due to symptomatic sinus node disfunction, reporting several syncopal episodes in last days and showing abnormal electrical parameters at the 2‐months follow‐up due to RS. The malfunctioning device was removed and an endocardial leadless pacing system was implanted.
Localization and Spread of Challenging Conduction Gaps of Pulmonary Veins for Atrial Fibrillation Cryoablation
Authors: Miki Keita , Fukuda Koji , Hirano Michinori , Sato Koichi , Ikeda Shohei , Shinozaki Mariko , Takeda Morihiko
Published: December 2024

Background

Cryoballoon ablation has been widely performed in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (AF). In some challenging pulmonary veins (PVs), the procedure requires additional touch‐up applications against the residual conduction gaps. It implies that there could exist difficult sites to cover with standard cryoballoon applications (CBAs), resulting in resistant conduction gaps (RCGs). This study aims to characterize the RCGs after initial CBAs.

Methods

We retrospectively enrolled 90 consecutive paroxysmal AF patients in our institute from January 2018 to December 2021 (66.5 ± 8.9 [SD] year‐old, male/female 58/32). The RCGs after initial CBAs were mapped and analyzed with a high‐resolution mapping (HRM) catheter. The PVs isolated using HRM were classified as HRM group. The PVs isolated without HRM, if isolated with a total of one or two CBAs, were classified as Control group.

Results

Whereas 325 PVs were isolated without HRM, 29 PVs had RCGs which were mapped and identified with HRM (HRM group): 15 right inferior pulmonary veins (RIPVs), 11 left superior PVs (LSPVs), and 3 left inferior PVs (LIPVs). In HRM group, the rate of broad RCGs in each PV extending over 2 or 3 segments of PV was almost double that of one‐segment RCGs. The width of RCGs significantly correlated with nadir balloon temperature (R = 0.42; p = 0.021) and iTT15 (R = −0.44; p = 0.015).

Conclusions

After standard CBAs, most RCGs were demonstrated to spread from the bottom to the posterior wall of RIPV and from the roof to the anterior wall of LSPV. The width of the RCGs was found to be correlated with parameters of balloon temperature, such as Tnadir and iTT15.
The Long‐Term Outcomes of Inactive Pacemaker Lead Abandonment in Children and Dramatic Observation of Complications
Authors: Nowosielecka Agnieszka , Nowosielecka Dorota , Jacheć Wojciech , Pietura Radosław , Smyk Tomasz , Gozdek Janusz , Kutarski Andrzej
Published: December 2024

Transvenous extraction of the leads in children is associated with a higher risk of serious complications, that is why it is reluctantly performed. Unfortunately, this conservative approach has been associated with secondary complications (tricuspid valve dysfunction and bilateral venous obstruction), adverse events during lead removal procedure and recanalization and stenting of chest veins. We present a case of a 27‐year‐old female with a pacemaker and insertion of two new leads on the opposite side of the chest leaving the old ones in place.
Minimizing for Maximum Benefit: An Illustrative Case‐Series of Atrial Only Leadless Pacing
Authors: Ip James E.
Published: December 2024

Leadless pacing technology now includesdedicated atrial helix‐fixation leadless pacemakers (LPs), expanding theapplication of leadless devices for patients with sinus node dysfunction andatrioventricular block during sinus rhythm. This first reportedcase‐series of atrial LPs describes and discusses the potential use‐casescenarios of recently approved helix‐fixation atrial LPs. The article highlights important concepts regarding their use, including implantationtechniques, programming, battery conservation, and the low rate of progressionof AV block in patients implanted with AAI(R) pacemakers.
Evaluation of Photoaging and Sun Protection Behavior in Children With Xeroderma Pigmentosum, Group C: A Prospective Analysis
Authors: Ahuja Rhea , Imran Shafaque , Swaroop Devesh Kumar Jag , Gupta Somesh , Verma Kaushal K. , Sharma Namrata , Bhari Neetu
Published: December 2024

Thirteen children with xeroderma pigmentosum variant C were evaluated using the Dermoscopic Photoaging Assessment Scale (DPAS), the Glogau scale, and the Sun Protection Behavior Scale (SPBS). Most patients exhibited signs of epidermal photoaging, with pigmentary and vascular changes and poor sun protection behavior (mean SPBS score: 18.92 ± 5.69). The mean DPAS score of 13.15 correlated with the Glogau scale and ocular severity score. Sun protection behavior improved significantly at 6 months after repeated reinforcement of sun protection measures (35 ± 5.68).
Cross‐Border Patenting and the Margins of International Trade
Authors: Martínez‐Zarzoso Inmaculada , Santacreu Ana Maria
Published: December 2024

This paper investigates the impact of cross‐border patenting on the margins of international trade using disaggregated data on international patenting and trade flows for a broad cross‐section of countries globally from 1995 to 2018. We develop a theoretical framework of trade and firms' patenting decisions that motivates our empirical analysis. The main results reveal that cross‐border patenting has a larger effect on the extensive margin of trade compared to the intensive margin. This finding suggests that firms tend to seek patent protection in international markets prior to entering those markets with new products, rather than with their existing products.
Acanthamoeba Infection in a Hematopoietic Cell Transplant Recipient: Challenges in Diagnosis, Management, and Source Identification
Authors: Banerjee Camellia T. , Conlan Sean , Mostaghim Anahita , Michelin Angela , Arduino Matthew , Mattioli Mia , Haston Julia C. , Das Sanchita , Seyedmousavi Amir , Chang Bickey H. , O'Connell Elise M. , Kanakry Christopher G. , Dilara Akbulut , Quezado Martha , Gea‐Banacloche Juan , Deming Clay , Segre Julia A. , Han Alison , Cuellar‐Rodriguez Jennifer
Published: December 2024

We report a case of Acanthamoeba infection in an HCT recipient with steroid‐refractory GVHD. We highlight the multiple challenges that free‐living ameba infections present to the clinician, the clinical laboratory, transplant infectious disease for review, hospital epidemiology if nosocomial transmission is considered, and public health officials, as exposure source identification can be a significant challenge. Transplant physicians should include Acanthamoeba infections in their differential diagnosis of a patient with skin, sinus, lung, and/or brain involvement.
Latent Tuberculosis Infection Amongst Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant Recipients: The Impact of Routine Pretransplant Review by a Transplant Infectious Diseases Physician
Authors: Paykin Gabriel , Vogrin Sara , Shuttleworth Peter , Gador‐Whyte Andrew , Garner Sarah , Trevillyan Janine , Wong Eric , Smibert Olivia
Published: December 2024

Background

Identifying patients with latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) is challenging. This is particularly true amongst immunocompromised hosts, in whom the diagnostic accuracy of available tests is limited. The authors evaluated the impact of routine pretransplant review by a transplant infectious diseases (TID) physician on LTBI screening in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (alloHSCT) recipients.

Methods

Adult patients who received an alloHSCT between January 2018 and December 2022 were eligible for inclusion. Data were retrospectively extracted from patient records. Participants were dichotomized into those that had a routine pretransplant review with a TID physician and who that did not.

Results

Of the 116 participants included, 61.2% had a documented TID review. This intervention was associated with more frequent initiation of LTBI treatment (8.5% vs. 0.0%) and a tendency for LTBI treatment to be initiated in the absence of immunodiagnostic criteria (7.1% vs. 0.0%). A case of LTBI reactivation occurred in each group.

Conclusion

Routine pretransplant review by TID physicians improved the recognition of risk factors for LTBI and increased the initiation of LTBI treatment in patients with a high pretest probability of LTBI. Further research is needed to evaluate the utility of routine pretransplant TID review and to determine the optimal strategy for preventing LTBI reactivation amongst alloHSCT recipients in low‐endemic settings.

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Trapped in a glacial refugium: Phylogeography of the freshwater snail Melanopsis mingrelica (Mollusca, Gastropoda) in the Caucasus biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Bikashvili Ani , Mumladze Levan , Glaubrecht Matthias , Neiber Marco T.
Published: December 2024

The Western Caucasus is considered a refugium for several freshwater invertebrates, but detailed phylogeographic studies are lacking. By using mitochondrial sequence data, amplified fragment length polymorphisms and distribution modelling, we study the phylogeography of the Caucasian freshwater snail Melanopsis mingrelica Mousson, 1863, and discuss the role of the Western Caucasus region as a glacial refugium. Volcanism in the Lesser Caucasus and the formation of highlands to its south in the Late Miocene and Pliocene may have effectively trapped the lineage leading to the freshwater snail M. mingrelica in the western Georgian Colchis region after its arrival there during in the Late Miocene or Early Pliocene. Our results show that the Western Caucasus region can be considered a refugium for a Melanopsis lineage at the northern margin of the range of a genus that today is otherwise mostly adapted to relatively warm climatic conditions. Our results further show that the Western Caucasus region served as a large and homogeneous refugium for M. mingrelica and that global warming may have facilitated the colonization of the Caspian Sea drainage basin by M. mingrelica.
Impact of Beta-Alanine, Caffeine, and Their Combination on Intraocular Pressure and Ocular Perfusion Pressure at Rest and After Resistance Training
Authors: Vera Jesús , Martos-Arregui Antonio , Alix-Fages Carlos , Jiménez-Martínez Pablo , García-Ramos Amador
Published: December 2024

This study aimed to determine the impact of caffeine (200 mg), beta-alanine (3 g), and their combination on intraocular pressure (IOP), ocular perfusion pressure (OPP), and mean arterial pressure (MAP) at rest and after resistance training. Twenty young men (age = 23.4 ± 4.5 years) took part in this placebo-controlled, triple-blind, balanced crossover study. Participants visited the lab on four different days, with the only difference of the supplement used (caffeine, beta-alanine, caffeine + beta-alanine, and placebo). IOP and blood pressure were measured at baseline after 30 min from supplement intake, and after completing the resistance training session consisting of four alternating sets of bench press and bench pull exercises using a 20 repetition maximum load without reaching failure. In resting conditions, caffeine and the combination of caffeine + beta-alanine caused an acute IOP rise (p = .009 and .004, respectively), whereas beta-alanine and placebo intake did not affect IOP levels (p = .802 in both cases). OPP levels were not influenced by the ingestion of any supplement (p = .801), whereas MAP exhibited a significant increase after 30 min of ingesting 200 mg of caffeine (p = .012). After resistance training, there was an acute reduction of IOP, OPP, and MAP levels (p < .002 in all cases), but these effects were independent of the supplement consumed (p > .272). These findings show that beta-alanine (3 g) did not alter IOP, OPP, and MAP levels in resting conditions and after resistance training. Therefore, beta-alanine supplementation is a safe alternative when avoiding fluctuations of the ocular and cardiovascular hemodynamics is desirable (i.e., glaucoma patients or hypertensive individuals).