bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Viral and immune dynamics of HPV genital infections in young women
Authors: Tessandier Nicolas , Elie Baptiste , Boué Vanina , Selinger Christian , Rahmoun Massilva , Bernat Claire , Grasset Sophie , Groc Soraya , Bedin Anne-Sophie , Beneteau Thomas , Bonneau Marine , Graf Christelle , Jacobs Nathalie , Kamiya Tsukushi , Kerioui Marion , Lajoie Julie , Melki Imène , Prétet Jean-Luc , Reyné Bastien , Schlecht-Louf Géraldine , Sofonea Mircea T. , Supplisson Olivier , Foulongne Vincent , Guedj Jérémie , Hirtz Christophe , Picot Marie-Christine , Reynes Jacques , Tribout Vincent , Tuaillon Édouard , Waterboer Tim , Segondy Michel , Bravo Ignacio G , Boulle Nathalie , Murall Carmen Lia , Alizon Samuel
Published: May 2023

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections drive one in twenty new cancer cases. Despite the potential for improving treatment, screening, and vaccination strategies, little is known as to why most HPV infections clear spontaneously within two years. To untangle the dynamics of these non-persisting infections, we performed a combined quantitative analysis of virological, immunological, and clinical data from an original longitudinal cohort of 189 women with high temporal resolution. We find that HPV viral load reaches a plateau within two months, and clears within a median time of 14 months. Furthermore, we identify immune correlates associated with infection clearance, especially TCR-gamma-delta cells. Our results open new perspectives for understanding the frontier between acute and chronic infections and for controlling HPVassociated diseases.
Genome-to-genome analysis reveals associations between human and mycobacterial genetic variation in tuberculosis patients from Tanzania
Authors: Xu Zhi Ming , Zwyer Michaela , Brites Daniela , Hiza Hellen , Sasamalo Mohamed , Reinhard Miriam , Doetsch Anna , Borrell Sonia , Naret Olivier , Rüeger Sina , Lawless Dylan , Isihaka Faima , Temba Hosiana , Maroa Thomas , Naftari Rastard , Beisel Christian , Hella Jerry , Reither Klaus , Portevin Damien , Gagneux Sebastien , Fellay Jacques
Published: May 2023

The risk and prognosis of tuberculosis (TB) are affected by both human and bacterial genetic factors. To identify interacting human and bacterial genetic loci, we leveraged paired human andMycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tb) genomic data from 1000 Tanzanian TB patients. Through a genome-to-genome approach, we identified two pairs of human andM.tbgenetic variants that are significantly associated. One of the human genetic variants maps to the intron ofPRDM15, a gene involved in apoptosis regulation. The other human variant maps to an intergenic region close toTIMM21andFBXO15. In addition, we observed that a group of linkedM.tbepitope variants were significantly associated with HLA-DRB1 variation. This suggests that even though epitope variation is rare inM.tbin general, specific epitopes might still be under immune selective pressure. Overall, our study pinpoints sites of genomic conflicts between humans andM.tb, suggesting bacterial escape from host selection pressure.
Vitamin D deficiency increases vulnerability to canagliflozin-induced adverse effects on 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D and PTH
Authors: Shahidzadeh Yazdi Zhinous , Streeten Elizabeth A. , Whitlatch Hilary B. , Montasser May E. , Beitelshees Amber L. , Taylor Simeon I.
Published: May 2023

Context.Canagliflozin has been reported to increase the risk of bone fracture – possibly mediated by decreasing 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [1,25(OH)2D] and increasing PTH.

Objective.To investigate whether baseline vitamin D (VitD) deficiency renders individuals vulnerable to this adverse effect and whether VitD3 supplementation is protective.

Design.This study had a paired design comparing individual participants before and after VitD3 supplementation.

Setting.Community-based outpatient.

Patients.11 VitD deficient (25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] ≤ 20 ng/mL) individuals recruited from the Amish population in Lancaster PA.

Interventions.Participants underwent two canagliflozin challenge protocols (300 mg daily for five days): the first before and the second after VitD3 supplementation. In the VitD3 supplementation protocol, participants received VitD3 supplementation (50,000 IU once or twice a week depending on BMI for 4-6 weeks) to achieve 25(OH)D ≥ 30 ng/mL.

Main Outcome Measures.Two co-primary endpoints were identified: effects of VitD3 supplementation on canagliflozin-induced changes in 1,25(OH)2D and PTH. Secondary endpoints included effects of VitD3 supplementation on baseline levels of VitD metabolites and PTH.

Results.VitD3 supplementation increased mean 25(OH)D from 16.5±1.6 to 44.3±5.5 ng/mL (p=0.0006) and 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D [24,25(OH)2D] from 1.0±0.1 to 4.3±0.6 ng/mL (p=0.0002). Mean 1,25(OH)2D and PTH were unchanged. VitD3 supplementation decreased the magnitude of canagliflozin-induced changes in 1,25(OH)2D (from −31.3%±4.7% to −9.3%±8.3%; p=0.04) and PTH (from +36.2%±6.2% to +9.7%±3.7%; p=0.005).

Conclusions.VitD deficiency rendered individuals more vulnerable to adverse effects of canagliflozin on biomarkers associated with bone health. VitD3 supplementation was protective against canagliflozin’s short-term adverse effects on 1,25(OH)2D and PTH.
Straining the root on and off triggers local calcium signaling
Authors: Audemar Vassanti , Guerringue Yannick , Frederick Joni , Melogno Isaty , Vinet Pauline , Babataheri Avin , Legué Valérie , Thomine Sébastien , Frachisse Jean-Marie
Published: May 2023

Throughout their life, plant root are submitted to mechanical stresses due to pressure exerted by the soil. So far, few studies addressed root cell deformation and calcium signaling elicited by soil compression. In this study, we designed a microchip inspired by pneumatic microvalve concept in order to deliver a lateral pressure to the root of a plant expressing the RGECO1-mTurquoise calcium reporter. Lateral pressure applied on the root induced a moderate elastic deformation of root cortical cells and elicited a multicomponent calcium signal at the onset of the pressure pulse, followed by a second one at the release of the pressure. This indicates that straining rather than stressing of tissues is relevant to trigger the calcium signal. The calcium elevation was restricted to the tissue under pressure and did not propagate. Additionally, the calcium signals exhibited a remarkable attenuation upon repetitive stimulations.

Highlights

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A microvalve concept mimicking lateral soil pressure was developed.

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Non-damaging lateral compression of the root induces an elastic deformation of cortical cells.

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A multicomponent calcium signal is elicited at the onset of a pressure pulse and upon release of the pressure.

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Straining rather than stressing of tissues is relevant to trigger the calcium signal.

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The calcium signal is localized at the tissue under pressure and does not propagate.

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Calcium signals exhibit a remarkable attenuation upon repetitive stimulations.
DDHD2 interacts with STXBP1 to mediate long-term memory via the generation of myristic acid
Authors: Akefe Isaac O. , Matthews Benjamin , Saber Saber H. , Venkatesh Bharat G. , Gormal Rachel S. , Blackmore Daniel G. , Sieriecki Emma , Gambin Yann , Bertran-Gonzalez Jesus , Michaels Alysee A. , Xue Mingshan , Cravatt Benjamin , Joensuu Merja , Wallis Tristan P. , Meunier Frédéric A.
Published: May 2023

The phospholipid and free fatty acid (FFA) composition of neuronal membranes plays a crucial role in learning and memory, but the mechanisms through which neuronal activity affects the brain’s lipid landscape remain largely unexplored. Saturated FFAs, particularly myristic acid (C14:0), strongly increase during neuronal stimulation and memory acquisition, suggesting the involvement of phospholipase A1 (PLA1) activity in synaptic plasticity. Here, we show that genetic ablation of the DDHD2 isoform of PLA1 in mice reduced memory performance in reward-based learning and spatial memory models prior to the development of neuromuscular deficits, and markedly reduced saturated FFAs across the brain. DDHD2 was shown to bind to the key synaptic protein STXBP1. Using STXBP1/2 knockout neurosecretory cells and a haploinsufficientSTXBP1+/-mouse model of STXBP1 encephalopathy that is also associated with intellectual disability and motor dysfunction, we show that STXBP1 controls the targeting of DDHD2 to the plasma membrane and the generation of saturated FFAs in the brain. Our findings suggest key roles for DDHD2 and STXBP1 in the lipid metabolism underlying synaptic plasticity, learning and memory.
Bacterial structural genomics target enabled by a recently discovered potent fungal acetyl-CoA synthetase inhibitor
Authors: DeBouver Nicholas D. , Bolejack Madison J. , Esan Taiwo E. , Krysan Damian J. , Hagen Timothy J. , Abendroth Jan
Published: May 2023

The compound ethyl-adenosyl monophosphate ester (ethyl-AMP) has been shown to effectively inhibit acetyl-CoA synthetase (ACS) enzymes and to facilitate the crystallization of fungal ACS enzymes in various contexts. In this study, the addition of ethyl-AMP to a bacterial ACS from Legionella pneumophila resulted in the determination of a co-crystal structure of this previously elusive structural genomics target. The dual functionality of ethyl-AMP in both inhibiting ACS enzymes and promoting crystallization establishes its significance as a valuable resource for advancing structural investigations of this class of proteins.
Sustainability risk assessment in mega construction projects
Authors: Coskun Cansu , Dikmen Irem , Birgonul M. Talat
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Megaprojects are large-scale and long-term investments. Three pillars of sustainable construction objectives, namely, social, environmental and economic, should be integrated into megaproject risk management to ensure long-term success. A risk assessment method, Risk Assessment Method for Sustainable Construction Objectives in Megaprojects (RAMSCOM), was developed for this purpose.

Design/methodology/approach

RAMSCOM was developed based on the latest concepts and identifying relevant and critical sustainability objectives and risks through an extensive literature review. Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and Cross-Impact Analysis (CIA) were used to determine and quantify the threats regarding the importance of the sustainability objectives. The applicability of RAMSCOM was demonstrated on a real megaproject.

Findings

The findings revealed that sustainability risk assessment requires integration of economic, environmental, social objectives and analysis of cross-impacts of risk factors. Visualization of interrelated threats, vulnerabilities and objectives has a potential to support risk mitigation decisions to achieve sustainability goals.

Research limitations/implications

The method has been developed based on the findings from a detailed literature survey on sustainability objectives and risks. RAMSCOM was tested on a single project with the assistance of three experts' views. Findings from the case project cannot be directly generalised for various megaprojects considering the unique nature of megaprojects.

Practical implications

Decision-makers can use RAMSCOM to assess sustainability risks in megaprojects and develop risk management plans for the most vulnerable and important sustainable objectives in a visual and quantified approach to ensure megaproject's sustainability in the long-term.

Originality/value

The theoretical contribution is a novel risk assessment method that integrates all dimensions of sustainability and quantifies the vulnerability of sustainability objectives considering their priorities, interrelations and risks. Sustainability dimensions, objectives and risks used in RAMSCOM can be useful for other researchers aiming to develop similar methods.
Energy performance assessment of venetian blinds in south-oriented residential spaces in hot arid desert climates
Authors: El-Deeb Khaled
Published: May 2023

Purpose

Window shading has always been an effective technique to control the access of solar radiation; however, inappropriate selection of the shading technique, location and optical properties may lead to an increase in energy consumed for cooling and artificial lighting. Venetian blinds (VBs) are a type of adjustable shading devices that can be installed to the interior, exterior or in between glass panes of a window and that can be easily implemented in both new and existing buildings. This study aims to investigate the impact of three VB parameters: slat angle, reflectivity and location on the overall energy consumption of a residential space with a south-facing facade under the hot arid desert climate of Saudi Arabia’s capital, Riyadh. For the purpose of globalizing the findings, the same investigations were applied for two other cities of similar climates: Cairo, Egypt, and Arizona, the USA.

Design/methodology/approach

A test room was modelled for energy simulation, with a 20% window-to-wall ratio. A VB was assigned with alternatives of being located to the indoor, outdoor or in between double glass panes. High, medium and low reflectivity values were applied at each location at slat angle alternatives of 15°, 30°, 45°, 60°, 75° and 90°.

Findings

Results showed VB performance across slat angles, where up to 20.1% energy savings were achieved by mid-pane high reflectivity VBs in Riyadh, while the value exceeded 30% in case of being externally located. A similar performance pattern occurred in the other two cities of hot arid desert climates: Cairo and Arizona.

Research limitations/implications

The study is limited to VBs at a fixed position, with no upward movement for partial or full openness conditions. The effect of blind control and operation on performance, such as the amount and duration of openness/closure of the blind and changes in slat angle across time, in addition to VB automation, shall be investigated in a future study.

Practical implications

The better understanding of VB energy performance achieved would enhance a more rational selection of VBs, which would benefit the construction industry as it would assist designers, real estate developer companies, as well as end-users in the decision-making process and help to realize energy-efficient solutions in residential buildings. VB production entities would also benefit by manufacturing and promoting for energy-efficient products.

Originality/value

In this study, a matrix of combinations of three VB parameters was developed, and the effect of these combinations on the overall energy consumption of both artificial lighting and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) systems was evaluated and compared to identify the combinations of higher efficiency. The literature showed that these three parameters were hardly investigated in a combined form and hardly assessed by considering the overall energy consumed by both artificial lighting and HVAC.
Sustainable supplier selection in a construction company: a new MCDM method based on dominance-based rough set analysis
Authors: Singh Arpit , Kumar Vimal , Verma Pratima
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to focus on sustainable supplier selection in a construction company considering a new multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method based on dominance-based rough set analysis. The inclusion of sustainability concept in industrial supply chains has started gaining momentum due to increased environmental protection awareness and social obligations. The selection of sustainable suppliers marks the first step toward accomplishing this objective. The problem of selecting the right suppliers fulfilling the sustainable requirements is a major MCDM problem since various conflicting factors are underplay in the selection process. The decision-makers are often confronted with inconsistent situations forcing them to make imprecise and vague decisions.

Design/methodology/approach

This paper presents a new method based on dominance-based rough sets for the selection of right suppliers based on sustainable performance criteria relying on the triple bottom line approach. The method applied has its distinct advantages by providing more transparency in dealing with the preference information provided by the decision-makers and is thus found to be more intuitive and appealing as a performance measurement tool.

Findings

The technique is easy to apply using “jrank” software package and devises results in the form of decision rules and ranking that further assist the decision-makers in making an informed decision that increases credibility in the decision-making process.

Originality/value

The novelty of this study of its kind is that uses the dominance-based rough set approach for a sustainable supplier selection process.
Efficient keyword search on graph data for finding diverse and relevant answers
Authors: Park Chang-Sup
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper studies a keyword search over graph-structured data used in various fields such as semantic web, linked open data and social networks. This study aims to propose an efficient keyword search algorithm on graph data to find top-k answers that are most relevant to the query and have diverse content nodes for the input keywords.

Design/methodology/approach

Based on an aggregative measure of diversity of an answer set, this study proposes an approach to searching the top-k diverse answers to a query on graph data, which finds a set of most relevant answer trees whose average dissimilarity should be no lower than a given threshold. This study defines a diversity constraint that must be satisfied for a subset of answer trees to be included in the solution. Then, an enumeration algorithm and a heuristic search algorithm are proposed to find an optimal solution efficiently based on the diversity constraint and an A* heuristic. This study also provides strategies for improving the performance of the heuristic search method.

Findings

The results of experiments using a real data set demonstrate that the proposed search algorithm can find top-k diverse and relevant answers to a query on large-scale graph data efficiently and outperforms the previous methods.

Originality/value

This study proposes a new keyword search method for graph data that finds an optimal solution with diverse and relevant answers to the query. It can provide users with query results that satisfy their various information needs on large graph data.
Political patronage, and banks’ profitability in Bahrain
Authors: Ahmed Fatma Ehab , Mohamed Ahmed Gamal
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This paper aims to contribute to the political connection literature by investigating the impact of political connection on banks’ profitability in Bahrain.

Design/methodology/approach

Exploiting the unique natural experiment of the 2017 Qatar blockade crisis, this study uses primary data of political connection. The study uses the difference-in-difference (DID) methodology to investigate the effect of political connections on banks’ profitability.

Findings

The main finding is that political connections have a positive effect on bank profitability in Bahrain. The paper finds that the ongoing GCC crisis has had a negative effect on the banking sector of Bahrain. During the Qatar blockade crisis, politically connected banks suffered more than their non-connected counterparts.

Practical implications

The result suggests that the Qatar blockade crisis has had a notable effect on the banking system throughout the region, including both the boycotting countries as well as Qatar. In the banking sector, politically connected banks are the most harmed by the crisis. Investors can enhance their hedging and investment decisions by exploiting knowledge of how political connections affected bank profitability during the Qatar diplomatic crisis and how that effect can be transmitted from one market to another. In addition, regulators could use insights about the association between political connections and profitability in Bahrain to undertake strategies to increase banks’ profitability and mitigate the transmission effect of a crisis by ensuring adequate regulation and supervision.

Originality/value

This paper offers four novel contributions to political connection literature as follows: Firstly, the study fills in an important gap in the literature as it is the first attempt to quantify the impact of political connections on bank performance in Bahrain. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, the role of political factors in Bahrain has not been studied about the banking system. Secondly, the study depends on primary data about political connections collected manually from various sources. Thirdly, this is the first study to investigate the effect of the Qatar blockade on the banking sector. Lastly, the evidence suggests that politically connected banks are more profitable than banks that lack political connections. However, the Qatar blockade crisis resulted in a sharp decrease in bank profitability, suggesting that the crisis significantly harmed the banking sector in Bahrain.
Financial innovation in Islamic banks: evidence on the interaction between Shariah board and FinTech
Authors: Mohd Haridan Nurfarahin , Sheikh Hassan Ahmad Fahmi , Mohammed Shah Sabarina , Mustafa Hasri
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to investigate the significant role of the Shariah Board (SB) in the innovation of digital finance products through SBs’ interaction with financial technology (FinTech).

Design/methodology/approach

By using semi-structured interviews, the paper examines 34 views and experiences of scholars and other practitioners from the FinTech and Islamic banking industries to gain an in-depth understanding of SBs’ Shariah compliance roles in FinTech inclusion in Malaysian Islamic banks (IBs).

Findings

Taking advantage of Malaysia’s comprehensive Shariah Governance Framework for IBs, the study highlighted the importance of SBs to better address the opportunities and challenges of financial innovation for the development of IBs with the inclusion of FinTech. The authors found that digital solutions and tools, such as Robo Advisory system and blockchain, enhance SBs’ roles by providing more effective and timely Shariah assurance regardless of the volume of data information and storage.

Practical implications

Given SBs significant roles in conforming to the Shariah, the study contributed significantly to assisting the regulatory and policy promulgation that enhance SBs’ integrity and credibility in response to the growth of IB infrastructures and financial innovation.

Originality/value

To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study to investigate the significant role of SBs in the innovation of digital finance products through their interaction with FinTech, while prior studies focused on the characteristics and structure of Islamic digital financial products.
Typologies and taxonomies of positioning strategies: a systematic literature review
Authors: Saqib Natasha
Published: May 2023

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on positioning strategies, categorise them as typologies and taxonomies and propose generic positioning strategies for organisations from a theoretical viewpoint.

Design/methodology/approach

Typologies and taxonomies are defined and characterised, and then all product or brand positioning strategies are examined. Articles published in reputable marketing and strategic marketing journals from 1969 to 2022 are analysed for this purpose. The analysis was done using qualitative text mining: classification, coding and text analysis.

Findings

The review enables the identification of three generic positioning strategies widely accepted in the literature, as well as the distinction between conceptually derived positioning strategies (typology) and empirically derived positioning strategies( taxonomy).

Research limitations/implications

This study provides a comprehensive overview for researchers who wish to get broad-picture research on generic classifications in positioning strategy. Moreover, most notably for academics, to the best of the author’s knowledge, this is the first study to classify positioning strategies into typologies and taxonomies based on their evolution.

Practical implications

Knowledge of positioning typologies and taxonomies can assist managers in developing and implementing a strategy that allows their company to maximise the potential of its product/brand and achieve better results. The literature review contributes to theory development and helps companies understand their positioning strategies.

Originality/value

Despite considerable interest in positioning research, little effort has been made to examine positioning strategies’ current or future development. Some authors use the term taxonomy to describe their conceptually derived classification of positioning strategies, and it was discovered that authors frequently interchangeably use the terms typologies or taxonomies. When attempting to understand and compare the various classifications, this liberal use of the term’s typology and taxonomy creates misunderstanding and confusion. This paper fills that void.
A novel conflict free routing with multi pickup delivery tasks for autonomous vehicles
Authors: Sarıçiçek İnci , Yazıcı Ahmet , Aslan Özge
Published: May 2023

Purpose

This study aims to propose a novel method for the conflict detection and eradication of autonomous vehicles which has predetermined routes to establish multi pickup and delivery tasks according to task priorities and vehicle capacity status on each pickup and delivery nodes in assembly cells in the automotive production.

Design/methodology/approach

In the designed system, the routing of autonomous vehicles (AVs) and scheduling of pickup and delivery tasks are established in production logistics. Gantt chart is created according to vehicle routes, and conflicts are detected using the proposed conflict-sweep algorithm. The proposed conflict-solving algorithm eliminates conflicts on intersections and roads by considering vehicle routes and task priorities.

Findings

In many production systems, there is a need to obtain flexible routes in each pickup delivery task group that changes during day, week, etc. Proposed system provides remarkable advantages in obtaining conflict-free routes for pre-scheduled multi transport tasks of vehicles by considering efficiency in production systems.

Originality/value

A novel method is proposed for the conflict detection and eradication of AVs. Proposed system eliminates conflicts on intersections and roads by considering pre-planned vehicle routes for a fleet of heterogeneous AVs. Unlike most of the other conflict-free algorithms, in which conflicts are solved between two points, proposed system also considers multi pickup and delivery points for AVs. This is pioneering paper that addresses conflict-free route planning with backhauls and scheduling of multi pickup and delivery tasks for AVs.
Floral presence and flower identity alter cereal aphid endosymbiont communities on adjacent crops
Authors: Zytynska Sharon E. , Sturm Sarah , Hawes Cathy , Weisser Wolfgang W. , Karley Alison
Published: May 2023

Floral plantings adjacent to crops fields can recruit populations of natural enemies by providing flower nectar and non‐crop prey to increase natural pest regulation. Observed variation in success rates might be due to changes in the unseen community of endosymbionts hosted by many herbivorous insects, of which some can confer resistance to natural enemies, for example, parasitoid wasps. Reduced insect control may occur if highly protective symbiont combinations increase in frequency via selection effects, and this is expected to be stronger in lower diversity systems.

We used a large‐scale field trial to analyse the bacterial endosymbiont communities hosted by cereal aphids Sitobion avenae collected along transects into strip plots of barley plants managed by either conventional or integrated (including floral field margins and reduced inputs) methods. In addition, we conducted an outdoor pot experiment to analyse endosymbionts in S. avenae aphids collected on barley plants that were either grown alone or alongside one of three flowering plants, across three time points.

In the field, aphids hosted up to four symbionts. The abundance of aphids and parasitoid wasps was reduced towards the middle of all fields while aphid symbiont species richness and diversity decreased into the field in conventional, but not integrated, field‐strips. The proportion of aphids hosting different symbiont combinations varied across cropping systems, with distances into the fields, and were correlated with parasitoid wasp abundances.

In the pot experiment, aphids hosted up to six symbionts. Flower presence increased natural enemy abundance and diversity, and decreased aphid abundance. The proportion of aphids hosting different symbiont combinations varied across the flower treatment and time, and were correlated with varying abundances of the different specialist parasitoid wasp species recruited by different flowers.

Synthesis and applications. Floral plantings and flower identity had community‐wide impacts on the combinations of bacterial endosymbionts hosted by herbivorous insects, which correlated with natural enemy diversity and abundance. We recommend that integrated management practices incorporate floral resources within field areas to support a more functionally diverse and resilient natural enemy community to mitigate selection for symbiont‐mediated pest resistance throughout the cropping area.
Occupation‐centred practice and supervision: Exploring senior occupational therapists' perspectives
Authors: Phillips Kathleen , Di Tommaso Amelia , Molineux Matthew , Nicholson Ellen
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Occupation‐centred practice is core to contemporary occupational therapy; however, knowledge and implementation of occupation in practice vary. New graduate occupational therapists find implementing occupation‐centred practice challenging, partly due to the influence of senior occupational therapists. However, little is known about senior therapists' views, knowledge, and use of occupation‐centred practice and the impact this has on new graduates. The aims of this study were to explore senior occupational therapists' perspectives on and use of occupation‐centred practice and the extent to which they influence the occupation‐centred practice of the new graduates they supervise.

Methods

Interpretative phenomenology was used as the research design. Ten senior occupational therapists in Australia were purposively recruited to participate in semi‐structured interviews, which we transcribed. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to analyse the data and develop themes.

Findings

Five themes were discovered from the data: together, but apart; a link between knowledge and identity; navigating different cultures; making up for what is missing; and good supervisors. The themes revealed participants' varied knowledge and use of occupation‐centred practice, the influence of practice context, and the way supervision impacted on the practice of new graduates.

Conclusion

Senior occupational therapists valued occupation‐centred practice, but their understanding and implementation of it varied. Participants acknowledged that they held great power to influence new graduates' use of occupation‐centred practice through supervision. Consequently, if occupation is not central to supervision, this could perpetuate the ongoing challenges of delivering contemporary practice.
Prognostic impact of cytoreductive surgery conducted with primary intent, versus cytoreductive surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, in the management of patients with advanced epithelial ovarian cancers: a multicentre, propensity score‐matched study from the FRANCOGYN group
Authors: Wohrer Henri , Koual Meriem , Bentivegna Enrica , Benoit Louise , Metairie Marie , Bolze Pierre‐Adrien , Kerbage Yohan , Raimond Emilie , Akladios Cherif , Carcopino Xavier , Canlorbe Geoffroy , Uzan Jennifer , Lavoue Vincent , Mimoun Camille , Huchon Cyrille , Koskas Martin , Costaz Hélène , Margueritte François , Dabi Yohann , Touboul Cyril , Bendifallah Sofiane , Ouldamer Lobna , Delanoy Nicolas , Nguyen‐Xuan Huyen‐Thu , Bats Anne‐Sophie , Azaïs Henri
Published: May 2023

Objective

To compare survival and morbidity rates between primary cytoreductive surgery (pCRS) and interval cytoreductive surgery (iCRS) for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), using a propensity score.

Design

We conducted a propensity score‐matched cohort study, using data from the FRANCOGYN cohort.

Setting

Retrospective, multicentre study of data from patients followed in 15 French department specialized in the treatment of ovarian cancer.

Sample

Patients included were those with International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage III or IV EOC, with peritoneal carcinomatosis, having undergone CRS.

Methods

The propensity score was designed using pre‐therapeutic variables associated with both treatment allocation and overall survival (OS).

Main Outcome Measures

The primary outcome was OS. Secondary outcomes included recurrence‐free survival (RFS), quality of CRS and other variables related to surgical morbidity.

Results

A total of 513 patients were included. Among these, 334 could be matched, forming 167 pairs. No difference in OS was found (hazard ratio, HR = 0.8, p = 0.32). There was also no difference in RFS (median = 26 months in both groups) nor in the rate of CRS leaving no macroscopic residual disease (pCRS 85%, iCRS 81.4%, p = 0.76). The rates of gastrointestinal tract resections, stoma, postoperative complications and hospital stay were significantly higher in the pCRS group.

Conclusions

Analysis of groups of patients made comparable by propensity score matching showed no difference in survival, but lower postoperative morbidity in patients treated with iCRS.
Tomorrow’s Country: Practice‐oriented principles for Indigenous cultural fire research in south‐east Australia
Authors: Rawluk Andrea , Neale Timothy , Smith Will , Doherty Tim , Ritchie Euan , Pascoe Jack , Murray Minda , Carter Rodney , Bourke Mick , Falconer Scott , Nimmo Dale , Price Jodi , White Matt , Bates Paul , Wong Nathan , Nelson Trent , Atkinson Amos , Webster Deborah
Published: May 2023

First Nations peoples are revitalising diverse cultural fire practices and knowledge. Institutional and societal recognition of these practices is growing. Yet there has been little academic research on these fire practices in south‐east Australia, let alone research led by Aboriginal people. We are a group of Indigenous and settler academics, practitioners, and experts focused on cultural fire management in the Victorian Loddon Mallee region. Using interviews and workshops, we facilitated knowledge sharing and discussion. In this paper, we describe three practice‐oriented principles to develop and maintain collaborations across Aboriginal groups, researchers, and government in the Indigenous‐led revitalisation of fire on Country: relationships (creating reciprocity and trust), Country (working with place and people), and power (acknowledging structures and values). Collaborations based on these principles will be unique to each temporal, social, cultural, and geographic context. Considering our findings, we acknowledge the challenges that exist and the opportunities that emerge to constructively hold space to grow genuinely collaborative research that creates change. We suggest that the principles we identify can be applied by anyone wanting to form genuine collaborations around the world as the need for social–ecological justice grows.
Effects of seedling conspecific density and heterospecific frequency on insect herbivory in a tropical dry forest
Authors: Abdala‐Roberts Luis , Berny‐Mier y Terán Jorge Carlos , Vázquez‐González Carla , Cohuo Ariel , León Jorge , Valle Limbenr , Mooney Kailen A. , Reyes‐Novelo Enrique , Moreira Xoaquín
Published: May 2023

Conspecific plant density and heterospecific frequency are key drivers of herbivore damage. However, most studies have investigated their effects separately and for single (rather than multiple) focal plant species.

We conducted an experiment involving three tree species, namely: Cordia dodecandra (Boraginaceae), Manilkara zapota (Zapotaceae), and Piscidia piscipula (Fabaceae). We manipulated understory densities of M. zapota and C. dodecandra (focal species) and their frequency relative to P. piscipula. Three months after planting, we surveyed insect leaf chewer and sucking damage on the former two. Because these species are attacked by different herbivores, we predicted a negative effect of heterospecific frequency on herbivory.

Density and frequency varied in the direction and function of their effects on herbivory depending on the plant species and attacking herbivore. As expected, Piscidia piscipula frequency had a negative linear effect on M. zapota leaf‐chewer damage, whereas conspecific density did not affect chewer damage on this species. In contrast, density and frequency had non‐linear effects on C. dodecandra chewer damage, namely positive (hump‐shaped) and negative (U‐shaped) relationships, respectively. In addition, density and frequency had positive linear effects on C. dondecandra damage by leafhoppers.

These findings call for more work jointly assessing plant inter‐specific variation in density‐ and frequency‐dependent variation in herbivory and its underlying drivers.
Letter: 1‐kestose, the smallest fructooligosaccharide component, protection for mild to moderate ulcerative colitis patients—authors’ reply
Authors: Ikegami Shuji , Nakamura Masanao , Honda Takashi , Kawashima Hiroki
Published: May 2023

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This article is linked to Ikegami et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17387 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17420
Editorial: adjuvanted recombinant zoster vaccine in adults with inflammatory bowel disease—time for universal recommendation?
Authors: Macaluso Fabio Salvatore , Orlando Ambrogio
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Caldera et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17454 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17519
Editorial: ondansetron for patients with IBS‐D and bowel‐predominant symptoms—authors' reply
Authors: Gunn David , Ford Alexander , Farrin Amanda , Spiller Robin
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Gunn et al papers. To view these articles, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17426 and https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17462
Letter: pre‐emptive TIPSS and the risks of uncertainty
Authors: Berry Philip , Kotha Sreelakshmi
Published: May 2023

LINKED CONTENT

This article is linked to Dunne et al paper. To view this article, visit https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.17252
Variability of bone microstructure and growth lines in the evolution of troodontids and dromaeosaurids
Authors: Martin Damien , Currie Philip J. , Kundrát Martin
Published: May 2023

Since the beginning of the 1990s, palaeontologists have been interested in understanding biological processes recorded within the bone microstructure of deinonychosaurian theropods, the group comprising Troodontidae and Dromaeosauridae. Several studies were published on this subject, and the growing database requires the first revision of used terminology and older interpretations. Furthermore, a platform correlating the developmental characters of all investigated taxa is missing. Hence, we lack a perspective to evaluate the potential of deinonychosaurian osteohistology for understanding their evolution and that of their close relatives, including avialans. This study aimed to fill in this gap by offering a comprehensive review of the previous osteohistological investigations published on deinonychosaurians and Archaeopteryx. Four significant evolutionary phenomena are assumed from the investigated deinonychosaurian taxa: (1) it is likely that troodontids evolved general osteohistology closer to basal avialans than to dromaeosaurids, (2) in troodontids, reticular vasculature is correlated to maturation timing, (3) the first growth deceleration occurs later in smaller deinonychosaurs (e.g. Changyuraptor, Sinornithosaurus) than in larger forms (e.g. Buitreraptor), and (4) the growth rate of the deinonychosaurs' hind limbs might be correlated with a specific type of locomotion.
POU3F3‐related disorder: Defining the phenotype and expanding the molecular spectrum
Authors: Rossi Alessandra , Blok Lot Snijders , Neuser Sonja , Klöckner Chiara , Platzer Konrad , Faivre Laurence Olivier , Weigand Heike , Dentici Maria L. , Tartaglia Marco , Niceta Marcello , Alfieri Paolo , Srivastava Siddharth , Coulter David , Smith Lacey , Vinorum Kristin , Cappuccio Gerarda , Brunetti‐Pierri Nicola , Torun Deniz , Arslan Mutluay , Lauridsen Mathilde F. , Murch Oliver , Irving Rachel , Lynch Sally A. , Mehta Sarju G. , Carmichael Jenny , Zonneveld‐Huijssoon Evelien , de Vries Bert , Kleefstra Tjitske , Johannesen Katrine M. , Westphall Ian T. , Hughes Susan S. , Smithson Sarah , Evans Julie , Dudding‐Byth Tracy , Simon Marleen , van Binsbergen Ellen , Herkert Johanna C. , Beunders Gea , Oppermann Henry , Bakal Mert , Møller Rikke S. , Rubboli Guido , Bayat Allan
Published: May 2023

POU3F3 variants cause developmental delay, behavioral problems, hypotonia and dysmorphic features. We investigated the phenotypic and genetic landscape, and genotype–phenotype correlations in individuals with POU3F3‐related disorders. We recruited unpublished individuals with POU3F3 variants through international collaborations and obtained updated clinical data on previously published individuals. Trio exome sequencing or single exome sequencing followed by segregation analysis were performed in the novel cohort. Functional effects of missense variants were investigated with 3D protein modeling. We included 28 individuals (5 previously published) from 26 families carrying POU3F3 variants; 23 de novo and one inherited from an affected parent. Median age at study inclusion was 7.4 years. All had developmental delay mainly affecting speech, behavioral difficulties, psychiatric comorbidities and dysmorphisms. Additional features included gastrointestinal comorbidities, hearing loss, ophthalmological anomalies, epilepsy, sleep disturbances and joint hypermobility. Autism, hearing and eye comorbidities, dysmorphisms were more common in individuals with truncating variants, whereas epilepsy was only associated with missense variants. In silico structural modeling predicted that all (likely) pathogenic variants destabilize the DNA‐binding region of POU3F3. Our study refined the phenotypic and genetic landscape of POU3F3‐related disorders, it reports the functional properties of the identified pathogenic variants, and delineates some genotype–phenotype correlations.
Explainability of neural networks for child language: Agent‐First strategy in comprehension of Korean active transitive construction
Authors: Shin Gyu‐Ho , Mun Seongmin
Published: May 2023

This study investigates how neural networks address the properties of children's linguistic knowledge, with a focus on the Agent‐First strategy in comprehension of an active transitive construction in Korean. We develop various neural‐network models and measure their classification performance on the test stimuli used in a behavioural experiment involving scrambling and omission of sentential components at varying degrees. Results show that, despite some compatibility of these models’ performance with the children's response patterns, their performance does not fully approximate the children's utilisation of this strategy, demonstrating by‐model and by‐condition asymmetries. This study's findings suggest that neural networks can utilise information about formal co‐occurrences to access the intended message to a certain degree, but the outcome of this process may be substantially different from how a child (as a developing processor) engages in comprehension. This implies some limits of neural networks on revealing the developmental trajectories of child language.

Research Highlights

This study investigates how neural networks address properties of child language.

We focus on the Agent‐First strategy in comprehension of Korean active transitive.

Results show by‐model/condition asymmetries against children's response patterns.

This implies some limits of neural networks on revealing properties of child language.
Environmental and spatial determinants of fish community structure in an Afro‐tropical river ecosystem
Authors: Ugbor Ogechi Nnabuchi , Omoigberale Michael Osasele , Amoutchi Amien Isaac , Affian Kouadio , Mehner Thomas
Published: May 2023

We investigated the relative influence of local environmental and spatial factors in structuring the community composition of fish at 15 sampling sites along the longitudinal gradient of the Lower Niger River Basin (LNRB) in dry and rainy seasons using distance‐based redundancy analysis and variation partitioning analysis. We collected a total of 3807 fish specimens representing 42 species. Our result indicated that the fish community composition differed between the upper and lower regions of the river. The communities in the upper region is influenced by high‐nutrient concentrations, while downstream sites were characterized by high concentrations of suspended solids. Variation partitioning revealed higher contributions of spatial than environmental predictors on fish community composition, with a higher total predicted variance in dry season. The variations in the community composition between upper and lower region may be attributable to the differences in the nature of anthropogenic activities within the regions, which influenced the local conditions differently. Differences in flow dynamics between upper and lower regions as attributable to black and white floods in the LNRB modify the connectivity between sites. Dispersal among sites may be more limited downstream than in the upper region, particularly in the dry season, because damming in the upper region also interrupts the natural flood regime such that there are low water levels in the lower region, which spatially isolate fish communities at certain sampling sites. The relatively higher total predicted variance during dry season may be attributable to the temporal differences in abiotic conditions between sites, which may have influenced site level community composition and abundance differently.
Baseline long‐term potentiation‐like cortical plasticity is associated with longitudinal cortical thinning in healthy adults and in adults with bipolar disorder type II
Authors: Zak Nathalia , Moberget Torgeir , Bøen Erlend , Boye Birgitte , Rygvold Trine W. , Malt Ulrik F. , Andreassen Ole A. , Andersson Stein , Westlye Lars T. , Elvsåshagen Torbjørn
Published: May 2023

The precise neurobiological processes underlying cerebral cortical thinning in aging and psychiatric illnesses remain undetermined, yet aging‐ and synaptic dysfunction‐related loss of synapses are potentially important mechanisms. We used long‐term potentiation‐like plasticity of the visual evoked potential as an index of synaptic function in the cortex and hypothesized that plasticity at baseline would be negatively associated with future cortical thinning in healthy adults and in adults with bipolar disorder type II. Thirty‐two healthy adults and 15 adults with bipolar disorder type II underwent electroencephalography‐based measurement of visual evoked potential plasticity and 3T magnetic resonance imaging of the brain at baseline and a follow‐up brain scan on average 2.3 years later. The relationships between visual evoked potential plasticity at baseline and longitudinal cortical thickness changes were examined using Freesurfer and the Permutation Analysis of Linear Models tool. The analyses showed a negative association between the plasticity of the N1 visual evoked potential amplitude at baseline and thinning rate in the medial and lateral parietal and medial occipital cortices in healthy adults and in the right medial occipital cortex in the total sample of healthy adults and adults with bipolar disorder type II, indicating greater thinning over time in subjects with less N1 plasticity (pFWER < .05). Although preliminary, the results indicate an association between visual evoked potential plasticity and the future rate of cortical thinning in healthy adults and in bipolar disorder type II, supporting the hypothesis that cortical thinning might be related to synaptic dysfunction.