bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of Potato Rot Level by Using Electronic Nose Based on Data Augmentation and Channel Attention Conditional Convolutional Neural Networks
Authors: Mai Jiayu , Lin Haonan , Hong Xuezhen , Wei Zhenbo
Published: December 2024

This study introduces a novel approach for predicting the decay levels of potato by integrating an electronic nose system combined with feature-optimized deep learning models. The electronic nose system was utilized to collect volatile gas data from potatoes at different decay stages, offering a non-invasive method to classify decay levels. To mitigate data scarcity and improve training model robustness, a Gaussian Mixture Embedded Generative Adversarial Network (GMEGAN) was used to generate synthetic data, resulting in augmented datasets that increased diversity and improved model performance. Several machine learning and deep learning models, including traditional classifiers (SVM, LR, RF, ANN) and advanced neural networks (CNN, ECA-CNN, CAM-CNN, Conditional CNN), were trained and evaluated. Models incorporating feature-optimized channel attention modules (f-CAM, f-ECA) achieved a classification accuracy of up to 90.28%, significantly outperforming traditional machine learning models (72–77%) and standard CNN models (83.33%). The inclusion of GMEGAN-generated datasets further enhanced classification performance, especially for feature-optimized Conditional CNN models, with an observed increase in accuracy of up to 5.55%. A comprehensive evaluation of the GMEGAN-generated data, including feature mapping consistency, data distribution similarity, and quality metrics, demonstrated that the generated data closely resembled real data, thereby effectively enhancing dataset diversity. The proposed approach shows significant potential in improving classification accuracy and robustness for agricultural quality assessment, particularly in predicting the decay levels of potatoes.
Association Between Exposure to Particulate Matter Air Pollution with Risk of Obesity Among Children and Adolescents in Northern and Central Taiwan
Authors: Hu Shu-Wei , Fan Hueng-Chuen , Chen Chuan-Mu
Published: December 2024

Introduction: The present study investigated the relationship between air pollution, specifically PM2.5 and PM10, and childhood and adolescent obesity in northern and central Taiwan. Previous research has shown a positive correlation between air pollution and pediatric obesity, but no study has been conducted in Taiwan. We used data from the K-12 Education Administration, Ministry of Education, and the Taiwan Air Quality Monitoring Network to analyze the association between PM2.5 and PM10 exposures and obesity rates among elementary and junior high school students. Methods: Data on students’ height and weight were combined with air pollution data obtained from monitoring stations to assess exposure. A multivariable model estimated the relative risk and 95% confidence intervals of obesity linked to PM2.5 and PM10 exposures. Cities were categorized into quartiles (Q1–Q4) based on pollutant accumulation to compare the obesity rates. Results: Students living in areas with higher PM2.5 and PM10 exposures (Q4) had a significantly higher risk of obesity than those living in areas with lower exposures (Q1). The effect was more pronounced in girls and older students, with PM2.5 exhibiting a stronger relationship than PM10. Conclusions: PM2.5 and PM10 exposures are significantly associated with an increased obesity risk in children and adolescents, particularly in girls and older students. Further research is needed to explore the underlying mechanisms and to control for socioeconomic and demographic factors.
Longer Duration of Cord Clamping Improves Nicu Survival Without Major Morbidities in Very Preterm Infants
Authors: Jegatheesan Priya , Belogolovsky Esther , Nudelman Matthew , Narasimhan Sudha Rani , Huang Angela , Govindaswami Balaji , Song Dongli
Published: December 2024

Background: Longer duration of deferred cord clamping (DCC), at least 120 s, is associated with the highest reduction in mortality compared to shorter durations of DCC or immediate cord clamping in preterm infants. We compared the neonatal outcomes of very preterm infants who received at least 60 s to those who received at least 120 s of DCC. Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study including preterm infants born <33 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 2014 and 2019. The intended duration of DCC was 60 s in Period 1 (January 2014 to June 2016, n = 139) and 120 to 180 s in Period 2 (July 2016 to December 2019, n = 155). We compared the demographics, delivery room measures, and neonatal outcomes between the two periods as intent-to-treat analysis and per protocol analysis. Results: The intended duration of DCC was completed in 75% of infants in Period 1 (n = 106) and 76% of infants in Period 2 (n = 114). There was an increase in survival without major morbidities in the infants that received at least 120 s of DCC, which remained significant after adjusting for GA and erythropoietin use (Odds ratio 8.6, 95% CI 1.6 to 45.7). Conclusions: Longer duration of DCC is associated with improved survival without major morbidities in preterm infants <33 weeks GA.
The Utilization of Acetaminophen for Managing PGE1-Induced Fever in Neonates with Critical Congenital Heart Disease
Authors: Kaya Başak , Akduman Hasan , Dilli Dilek , Kaya Özkan , Çitli Rumeysa , Zenciroğlu Ayşegül
Published: December 2024

Introduction: We aimed to retrospectively evaluate the use of acetaminophen, which may be a risk factor for the ductal canal, in the treatment of fever due to prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) infusion in newborns with critical congenital heart disease (CCHD). Methods: The study included newborns who were followed-up in our neonatal intensive care unit with the diagnosis of critical congenital heart disease, developed fever due to PGE1 infusion and had acetaminophen administered for antipyretic treatment. The patent ductus arteriosus diameters of the patients were evaluated by echocardiographic imaging before intravenous acetaminophen treatment and at the end of the day of acetaminophen treatment. Results: PGE1 fever was observed in 10 (6%) of 156 infants with ductus-dependent congenital heart disease. Intravenous acetaminophen treatment administered as an antipyretic in these infants did not cause the narrowing or closure of the ductal canal diameter, which would lead to clinical decompensation if it was closed, and the patients remained hemodynamically stable until surgery. Conclusions: It can be considered that controlled and rapidly administered intravenous acetaminophen therapy in the management of fever in neonates with congenital heart disease who develop fever as a side effect of high-dose intravenous PGE1 infusion therapy (≥0.3 mcg/kg/min) may prevent hemodynamic decompensation in these critically ill infants, and as a secondary outcome, it can be speculated that avoiding rapid daily increases in PGE1 maintenance infusion doses may be necessary to limit the number of paracetamol administrations in these infants.
An Attachment-Based Family Therapy for Anxiety and Depression in Children: A Mixed-Methods Evaluation of BEST-Foundations
Authors: Kho Kim Lee , Lewis Andrew J. , Almeida Renita A.
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Parent–child attachment and family relationships have been identified as risk factors for childhood internalising symptoms such as anxiety and depressive symptoms. This mixed-methods evaluation examined the feasibility of a recently developed attachment-based family intervention, Behaviour Exchange Systems Therapy-Foundations (BEST-F), delivering 16 h of therapy over 8 weeks to treat internalising symptoms in children aged between 3 and 11 years. Methods: The quantitative outcomes of this uncontrolled study of 17 families were based on the parent-reported Child Behaviour Checklist (CBCL) measure, completed at four-timepoints (baseline, pre-, post-intervention, and follow-up), while qualitative data were collected from interviews with participants at follow-up. Results: Pre- and post-BEST-F intervention results demonstrated a significant change in internalising symptoms from the borderline and clinical range to the normal range, with a large effect size (d = 0.85). Notably, additional reductions in internalising symptoms were reported two months after cessation of treatment, with a very large effect size (d = 1.85). Furthermore, there were substantial reductions in child externalising symptoms and parental mental health symptoms, with large effect sizes ranging from d = 0.80 to 1.12. Qualitative reports were consistent with these quantitative findings. Conclusions: These pilot results suggest that children presenting with clinical-range internalising symptoms may benefit from family-based approaches where the parent–child relationship is a focus.
Analysis of ROMO1 Expression Levels and Its Oncogenic Role in Gastrointestinal Tract Cancers
Authors: Yaman Selçuk , Akidan Osman , Vatansever Mehmet , Misir Sema , Yaman Serap Ozer
Published: December 2024

Gastrointestinal tract cancers account for approximately one-third of cancer-related deaths. Early diagnosis and effective treatment are the most important ways to prevent cancer-related morbidity and mortality. ROMO1 has been shown to play an important role in many types of cancer. However, the biological function of ROMO1 is still poorly understood in gastrointestinal system cancers. The aim of this study is to reveal the expression change and oncogenic role of ROMO in gastrointestinal system cancers. Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA), UALCAN, TIMER, GeneMANIA, TISIDB, and STRING were applied to assess the biological function of ROMO1 in gastrointestinal cancers (colon adenocarcinoma (COAD), esophageal carcinoma (ESCA), liver hepatocellular carcinoma (LIHC), pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PAAD), and stomach adenocarcinoma (STAD)). ROMO1 is significantly increased in COAD, ESCA, LUHC, and PAAD, and the overexpression of ROMO1 is associated with clinicopathological features. In addition, ROMO1 has been found to be closely associated with tumor-infiltrating immune cells in gastrointestinal cancers. ROMO1 is closely related to the inner mitochondrial membrane proteins (TIMM) family. The study revealed that ROMO1 is of significant clinical importance for gastrointestinal cancers and may have potential clinical utility in treatment and prognosis. Functional tests on cell lines derived from these particular gastrointestinal cancers can also be performed in vitro to evaluate the impact of the ROMO1 gene and other factors, like potential drugs, on the expression of these genes and the development and progression of the cancer.
A Merging Approach for Improving the Quality of Gridded Precipitation Datasets over Burkina Faso
Authors: Waongo Moussa , Garba Juste Nabassebeguelogo , Diasso Ulrich Jacques , Sawadogo Windmanagda , Sawadogo Wendyam Lazare , Daho Tizane
Published: December 2024

Satellite precipitation estimates are crucial for managing climate-related risks such as droughts and floods. However, these datasets often contain systematic errors due to the observation methods used. The accuracy of these estimates can be enhanced by integrating spatial and temporal resolution data from in situ observations. Nevertheless, the accuracy of the merged dataset is influenced by the density and distribution of rain gauges, which can vary regionally. This paper presents an approach to improve satellite precipitation data (SPD) over Burkina Faso. Two bias correction methods, Empirical Quantile Mapping (EQM) and Time and Space-Variant (TSV), have been applied to the SPD to yield a bias-corrected dataset for the period 1991–2020. The most accurate bias-corrected dataset is then combined with in situ observations using the Regression Kriging (RK) method to produce a merged precipitation dataset. The findings show that both bias correction methods achieve similar reductions in RMS error, with higher correlation coefficients (approximately 0.8–0.9) and a normalized standard deviation closer to 1. However, EQM generally demonstrates more robust and consistent performance, particularly in terms of correlation and RMS error reduction. On a monthly scale, the superiority of EQM is most evident in June, September, and October. Following the merging process, the final dataset, which incorporates satellite information in addition to in situ observations, demonstrates higher performance. It shows improvements in the coefficient of determination by 83%, bias by 11.4%, mean error by 96.7%, and root-mean-square error by 95.5%. The operational implementation of this approach provides substantial support for decision-making in regions heavily reliant on rainfed agriculture and sensitive to climate variability. Delivering more precise and reliable precipitation datasets enables more informed decisions and significantly enhances policy-making processes in the agricultural and water resources sectors of Burkina Faso.
PCOS Influences the Expression of AMHRII in the Endometrium of AEH During the Reproductive Age
Authors: Yao Yingsha , Zhu Shulan , Zhu Xiaoming
Published: December 2024

Background: Endometrial proliferative lesions (EPLs) encompass endometrial hyperplasia (EH) and endometrial carcinoma (EC). Atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) is associated with an elevated risk of progression to EC. Patients with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) exhibit higher serum levels of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and a correspondingly increased incidence of EPLs. AMH has the capacity to inhibit the cell proliferation of EPLs derived from Müllerian duct tissue through the AMH-AMH receptor (AMHR) signaling pathway. Methods: Pairs of samples matched by preference scores were randomly selected. Immunohistochemistry was employed to assess the expression levels of AMHR type II (AMHR2) in endometrial tissue. A comparative analysis was performed between tissues from individuals with PCOS and those without, as well as between a normal endometrium and endometrial tissue from individuals with EPLs. This study aimed to elucidate differences in AMHR2 expression among these tissue types. By focusing on AMHR2 expression, the impact of the PCOS-related background on the endometrial AMH-AMHR cascade signaling pathway was initially investigated. Results: The AMHR2 protein was expressed in the endometrium of both the PCOS group and the non-PCOS group during the reproductive age (20–39 years). The expression of the AMHR2 protein in the AEH endometrium of PCOS patients did not differ significantly from that in the normal endometrium of PCOS patients; however, it was significantly higher than in the AEH endometrium of non-PCOS patients (p = 0.011). Conversely, the expression of the AMHR2 protein in the AEH endometrium of non-PCOS patients was significantly lower than that in the normal endometrium of non-PCOS patients (p = 0.021). Notably, there was no significant difference in AMHR2 protein expression in a normal endometrium between PCOS and non-PCOS patients. Conclusions: The involvement of the endometrial AMH-AMHR cascade signaling pathway and its biological effects in the pathogenesis of AEH are evident. The pathophysiological conditions associated with PCOS, such as elevated serum AMH levels and other pathological states, may directly or indirectly influence the AMH-AMHR cascade signaling pathway in the endometrium. This influence could contribute to the progression of AEH.
The Role of Bone-Derived Osteocalcin in Testicular Steroidogenesis: Contributing Factor to Male Fertility
Authors: Taib Izatus Shima , Jayusman Putri Ayu
Published: December 2024

Osteocalcin (OCN), a protein predominantly produced by osteoblasts in bone, has emerged as a significant factor in bone metabolism and reproductive function. This article reviews the latest research on the role of OCN beyond its traditional functions in bone mineralisation, particularly its influence on testicular steroidogenesis and male fertility. The structure and modifications of OCN are elaborated upon, highlighting its uncarboxylated form (ucOCN), which is becoming increasingly recognised for its bioactive properties. The impact of OCN on bone quantity, quality and strength is summarised, emphasising its role as a regulator of bone metabolism. Furthermore, the influence of ucOCN on testicular steroidogenesis and the involvement of GPRC6A, a G protein-coupled receptor, in mediating these effects are also explored. Evidence suggests that ucOCN regulates testosterone synthesis and spermatogenesis, which indirectly have the potential to influence bone metabolism integrity. In conclusion, OCN, particularly in its uncarboxylated form, plays a crucial role in bone metabolism and male fertility by regulating testicular steroidogenesis, with GPRC6A mediating these effects, thereby linking bone health and reproductive functions.
How to Enhance Safety of Small Unmanned Aircraft Systems Operations in National Airspace Systems
Authors: Truong Dothang , Lee Sang-A , Nguyen Trong
Published: December 2024

The rapid growth of small Unmanned Aircraft Systems (sUASs) has raised some safety concerns when sUASs enter the national airspace. As sUASs interact with traditional manned aircraft within this airspace, guaranteeing their safe operations has emerged as a top priority for aviation authorities, policymakers, and industry stakeholders. To address this challenge, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has introduced waiver rules, empowering operators to navigate deviations from specific regulations under well-defined circumstances. Additionally, the FAA developed proposed rulemakings to seek input on how to enhance safety and address risks associated with sUAS operations. The primary question is: How do these current waiver rules and rulemakings align with the Safety Management System (SMS), and what changes are needed for better alignment? The main purpose of this paper is to compare the FAA’s sUAS safety requirements, particularly waiver rules and rulemakings, with the SMS’s safety risk management component to identify alignments and gaps between them. A qualitative data analysis was conducted using three FAA waiver trend analyses and five Notice of Proposed Rulemakings (NPRMs) for sUASs. The results revealed that most sUAS waiver rules and rulemakings sufficiently align with the first three components of the SRM framework (system analysis, identify hazards, and analyze safety risk). However, there are significant gaps in the last two components (assess safety risk and control safety risk). The findings of this study make significant contributions to the sUAS safety management literature. They enable both the FAA and sUAS organizations to promote uniform operational protocols, training initiatives, and risk mitigation approaches tailored to sUAS operations.
Addition of Subset and Dummy Variables in the Threshold Spatial Vector Autoregressive with Exogenous Variables Model to Forecast Inflation and Money Outflow
Authors: Setiawan Setiawan , Sohibien Gama Putra Danu , Prastyo Dedy Dwi , Akbar Muhammad Sjahid , Kamil Anton Abdulbasah
Published: December 2024

The TSpVARX model can be used in inflation and money outflow forecasting by accommodating the reciprocal relationship among endogenous variables, the influence of exogenous variables, inter-regional linkages, and the nonlinearity of the relationship between endogenous and predetermined variables. However, the impact of some events, such as Eid al-Fitr and fuel price adjustments, still cannot be accommodated in the TSpVARX model. This condition causes inflation and money outflow forecasting using TSpVARX to be unsatisfactory. Our study is to improve the forecasting performance of the TSpVARX model by adding subset and dummy variables. We use a 12th lag subset variable to capture seasonal effects and a dummy variable to represent fuel price changes. These additions enhance the model’s accuracy in forecasting inflation and money outflow by accounting for recurring patterns and specific events, like fuel price changes. Based on the RMSE values of the training and testing data, we can conclude that forecasting inflation and money outflow using TSpVARX with the addition of subset and dummy variables is better than the regular TSpVARX. The inflation and money outflow forecasting generated after the addition of subset and dummy variables are also more fluctuating as in the movement of the actual data.
Sámi Body-Based Measuring in the Mathematics Classroom—The Development of a Model for Teaching
Authors: Fyhn Anne Birgitte , Somby Dina N. , Karlsen Aile Hætta
Published: December 2024

According to Norway’s Core Curriculum all students are to learn about Sámi issues, and the subject of mathematics is not exempt from it. Central to the Sámi tradition is non-standardized individual body-based measuring. Two Sámi pre-service teachers taught Sámi traditional measuring in an urban school where most students are non-Sámi. Their idea was for students to experience the usefulness of using their own bodies as measuring tools. Afterwards, a teacher educator interviewed the pre-service teachers about their experiences. The teaching unit was planned as if it were to be taught in a Sámi school, except that the language of instruction was Norwegian. Analysis shows how the teaching unit aligns with the suggestions and recommendations of Norway’s Truth and Reconciliation Commission. Analysis with respect to the Theory of Didactical Situations framework, TDS, which has not been developed for Indigenous education, show that TDS contributes to improving the teaching unit’s plan. We recommend that Sámi traditional measuring should be taught by Sámi teachers to more non-Sámi students, and we present a revised teaching plan. However, because there is a significant lack of Sámi teachers, we recommend that non-Sámi teachers use our plan as a model for teaching Sámi traditional measuring.
A Real-Time Downhole Fluid Identification System Empowered by Efficient Quadratic Neural Network
Authors: Chen Zhongshuai , Ni Hongjian , Pei Xueliang , Zhang Shiping
Published: December 2024

In the petroleum industry, accurately identifying downhole fluid is crucial for understanding fluid composition and estimating crude oil contamination and other properties. Near-infrared (NIR) spectrum analysis technology has achieved successful fluid identification applications due to its non-destructive nature and high efficiency. However, for real-time downhole fluid analysis, the NIR spectrometer faces challenges such as miniaturization and cost effectiveness. To address these issues, we construct a real-time downhole fluid identification system in this work. First, we propose a lightweight and deployable fluid identification model by integrating the successive projections algorithm (SPA) and a quadratic neural network (QNN). The SPA allows for spectral feature selection, and the QNN acts as an efficient identification model. Consequently, we use only four specific wavelengths with a one-hidden-layer QNN to achieve high identification accuracy. Second, we devise a hardware deployment scheme for real-time identification. We use four laser diodes to replace conventional light sources, further saving space. The QNN is then deployed to the STM32 MCU to implement real-time identification. Computational and online experiments demonstrate that our system functions well in real-time fluid identification and can further estimate the oil contamination rate with acceptable error.
An Adaptive YOLO11 Framework for the Localisation, Tracking, and Imaging of Small Aerial Targets Using a Pan–Tilt–Zoom Camera Network
Authors: Lui Ming Him , Liu Haixu , Tang Zhuochen , Yuan Hang , Williams David , Lee Dongjin , Wong K. C. , Wang Zihao
Published: December 2024

This article presents a cost-effective camera network system that employs neural network-based object detection and stereo vision to assist a pan–tilt–zoom camera in imaging fast, erratically moving small aerial targets. Compared to traditional radar systems, this approach offers advantages in supporting real-time target differentiation and ease of deployment. Based on the principle of knowledge distillation, a novel data augmentation method is proposed to coordinate the latest open-source pre-trained large models in semantic segmentation, text generation, and image generation tasks to train a BicycleGAN for image enhancement. The resulting dataset is tested on various model structures and backbone sizes of two mainstream object detection frameworks, Ultralytics’ YOLO and MMDetection. Additionally, the algorithm implements and compares two popular object trackers, Bot-SORT and ByteTrack. The experimental proof-of-concept deploys the YOLOv8n model, which achieves an average precision of 82.2% and an inference time of 0.6 ms. Alternatively, the YOLO11x model maximises average precision at 86.7% while maintaining an inference time of 9.3 ms without bottlenecking subsequent processes. Stereo vision achieves accuracy within a median error of 90 mm following a drone flying over 1 m/s in an 8 m × 4 m area of interest. Stable single-object tracking with the PTZ camera is successful at 15 fps with an accuracy of 92.58%.
Immobilization, Characterization and Application of a Xylose Isomerase Biocatalyst for Xylose Fermentation in Biorefineries
Authors: Ramos Márcio D. N. , Sandri Juliana P. , Kopp Willian , Giordano Raquel L. C. , Milessi Thais S.
Published: December 2024

A biocatalyst has been developed for application in the simultaneous isomerization and fermentation (SIF) of xylose, which could enable operation in repeated batches and the use of xylose from biomass hemicellulose for the production of second-generation (2G) ethanol. To this end, the enzyme xylose isomerase (XI) was immobilized on eleven different supports (based on chitosan, modified silica, agarose and magnetic supports) to obtain a derivative that is stable under process conditions and easy to recover from the fermented medium for future industrial application in biorefineries. Immobilization was performed with 5 mg/gsupport, with a support-to-suspension ratio of 1:20. Phosphate (pH 7.0) and carbonate–bicarbonate (pH 10.05) buffer were used for uni-point and multi-point immobilization, respectively. Among the immobilized enzymes, the magnetic microparticle Captura N exhibited the best immobilization parameters (67% recovered activity and half-life of 10 h at 80 °C), in addition to its magnetic properties, which facilitates purification. The SIF of crude sugarcane straw acid hydrolysate was carried out in repeated batches using XI-chitosan and XI-Captura N. Although economically promising, chitosan-based supports did not enhance enzyme stability. Therefore, magnetic microparticles are a promising option as XI immobilization supports for biorefinery applications.
Dietary Probiotic Rhodopseudomonas palustris Formulation Improves Growth Performance, Muscle Composition, Digestive Enzyme Activity, Non-Specific Immunity and Disease Resistance of Juvenile Ivory Shell (Babylonia areolata)
Authors: Wang Xiao , Lu Yao-Peng , Zhang Ze-Long , Zheng Pei-Hua , Li Jun-Tao , Zhang Xiu-Xia , Li Jia-Jun , Wu Heng-Mei , Xian Jian-An
Published: December 2024

Rhodopseudomonas palustris (RP) are known anaerobic bacteria with probiotic properties containing several bioactive compounds and enzymes that benefit aquatic animals. However, studies on the use of RP on aquatic animal species are limited. This study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with RP formulation on the growth, non-specific immunity, and disease resistance of juvenile ivory shells (Babylonia areolata). The experiment was conducted for 8 weeks, with B. areolata fed a control diet (RP0) and four diets containing four different RP formulations, with doses of 1 (RP1), 5 (RP2), 10 (RP3), and 20 (RP4) g/kg, respectively. Higher levels of R. palustris in the formulation led to increased final weight, weight gain, and specific growth rate in B. areolata. The crude protein content was significantly higher in the RP4 group compared to the RP0 group. However, there was no significant difference in the crude lipid content. Higher levels of R. palustris in the RP4 formulation group increased the trypsin and lipase activities. Dietary supplementation with RP significantly increased the total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase, and catalase activities and decreased the malondialdehyde content in B. areolata. Acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities were significantly increased in the RP4 group compared to the RP0 group. Dietary RP significantly increased the expression levels of antioxidant-related (superoxide dismutase, Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase, glutathione S-transferase A-like, ferritin) and immune-related (acid phosphatase, cytochrome c) genes. Higher levels of R. palustris in the formulations RP3 and RP4 increased the survival rate of B. areolata challenged with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. These findings indicate that R. palustris preparation could improve growth performance, muscle composition, and digestive capacity and may act as an immune booster for preventing disease in B. areolata.
Effects of Lacticaseibacillus paracasei L9 on Oral Microbiota and Cariogenic Factors in Streptococcus mutans-Infected Mice
Authors: Pu Xinyao , Fang Bing , Wu Jianmin , Zhao Zhi , Liu Yue , Li Jingyu , Gao Haina , Wang Ran , Zhang Ming
Published: December 2024

In the pathogenesis of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) plays a central role. S. mutans can produce extracellular polysaccharides, which can help the bacteria form biofilms on the tooth surface, create a stable living environment, and hinder the removal of bacteria by natural defense substances in the oral cavity such as saliva. Meanwhile, the oral microbiota and dietary habits exert long-term influences on its development. This study, employing the BALB/c mouse model, explored the effects of L. paracasei L9 on dental caries. In the experiment, mice underwent the S. mutans inoculation and were subsequently treated with L. paracasei L9 or S. salivarius K12 for 28 consecutive days. The results showed that L. paracasei L9 significantly ameliorated early enamel caries, and both L. paracasei L9 and S. salivarius K12 cooperatively downregulated the expressions of critical cariogenic factors, effectively suppressing the initial adhesion of S. mutans and the formation of dental plaques. L. paracasei L9 reshaped the oral microbiota of caries-affected mice, selectively reducing pathogens abundances and augmenting abundances of probiotics such as Lactobacillaceae and Streptococcus salivarius. This study offers a strategic approach for the management of dental caries, highlighting the potential of these probiotics in the field of oral health.
Characterization and Classification of Berry (Aronia, Haskap, and Goji) Fruits with High Bioactive Value Grown in Spain
Authors: Ayuso-Yuste María Concepción , Cruz Calero Francisco Javier , Ramos García María , Nicolás Barroso Noelia , Ramos Alguijo María Belén , Rodríguez Gómez María José , Calvo Magro Patricia
Published: December 2024

Aronia, haskap, and goji berries are characterized by their high content of bioactive compounds and their beneficial health properties as well as their resistance to harsh agronomic conditions. In this work, cultivars of these species growing in a mountainous region of central-western Spain were characterized by analyzing physicochemical parameters and bioactive compounds. Goji fruits showed the highest total soluble solid content and the lowest acidity values. The sugar profile suggested that goji cultivars will have a higher sweetness due to higher fructose and glucose content. However, aronia cultivars will be the least sweet due to their high sorbitol content. The total organic acid content was much higher in aronia and haskap than in goji fruits, and the profile varied according to species. The total phenolic content was significantly higher in aronia fruits. A total of 15 phenolic compounds were detected, with anthocyanins being predominant in aronia and haskap berries; however, they were not detected in goji fruits. Nevertheless, carotenoid compounds were found in goji berries and not detected in aronia and haskap fruits. Aronia fruits showed the highest antioxidant capacity compared to haskap and goji fruits. The PCA analysis classified the samples to determine which parameters have the greatest influence.
Recent Progress of Molecularly Imprinted Technique for the Detection of Mycotoxins in Food
Authors: Wang Yuan , Wei Dizhe , Wang Yu , Wang Meng , Zhai Wenlei
Published: December 2024

Mycotoxins are a group of toxic metabolites produced by fungi that infect agricultural products. Consuming mycotoxin-contaminated foods and feeds can cause various adverse health effects in humans and animals. Therefore, developing rapid and sensitive analytical methods for detecting mycotoxins is an urgent task. The molecularly imprinted technique is an advanced analytical tool for the specific recognition and selective enrichment of target molecules. For the development of rapid detection methods for mycotoxins, synthesized molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) can serve as specific recognition elements. By integrating MIPs with various sensing platforms, such as solid-phase extraction, electrochemical sensors, fluorescence sensors, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy, and surface plasmonic resonance sensors, remarkable progress has been made in the detection of mycotoxins in foods. This review focuses on the advances in the application of MIPs for the rapid detection of various mycotoxins over the past five years. The development of new MIP synthesis methods is categorized and summarized. Moreover, the future potential of MIP-based methods for mycotoxin detection is also discussed and highlighted.
Prediction of the Quality of Anxi Tieguanyin Based on Hyperspectral Detection Technology
Authors: Wang Tao , Chen Yongkuai , Huang Yuyan , Zheng Chengxu , Liao Shuilan , Xiao Liangde , Zhao Jian
Published: December 2024

Anxi Tieguanyin belongs to the oolong tea category and is one of the top ten most famous teas in China. In this study, hyperspectral imaging (HSI) technology was combined with chemometric methods to achieve the rapid determination of free amino acid and tea polyphenol contents in Tieguanyin tea. Here, the spectral data of Tieguanyin tea samples of four quality grades were obtained via visible near-infrared hyperspectroscopy in the range of 400–1000 nm, and the free amino acid and tea polyphenol contents of the samples were detected. First derivative (1D), normalization (Nor), and Savitzky–Golay (SG) smoothing were utilized to preprocess the original spectrum. The characteristic wavelengths were extracted via principal component analysis (PCA), competitive adaptive reweighted sampling (CARS), and the successive projection algorithm (SPA). The contents of free amino acid and tea polyphenol in Tieguanyin tea were predicted by the back propagation (BP) neural network, partial least squares regression (PLSR), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM). The results revealed that the free amino acid content of the clear-flavoured Tieguanyin was greater than that of the strong-flavoured type, that the tea polyphenol content of the strong-flavoured Tieguanyin was greater than that of the clear-flavoured type, and that the content of the first-grade product was greater than that of the second-grade product. The 1D preprocessing improved the resolution and sensitivity of the spectra. When using CARS, the number of wavelengths for free amino acids and tea polyphenols was reduced to 50 and 70, respectively. The combination of 1D and CARS is conducive to improving the accuracy of late modelling. The 1D-CARS-RF model had the highest accuracy in predicting the free amino acid (RP2 = 0.940, RMSEP = 0.032, and RPD = 4.446) and tea polyphenol contents (RP2 = 0.938, RMSEP = 0.334, and RPD = 4.474). The use of hyperspectral imaging combined with multiple algorithms can be used to achieve the fast and non-destructive prediction of free amino acid and tea polyphenol contents in Tieguanyin tea.
Cu-Doped MnO2 Catalysts for Effective Fruit Preservation via Ozone Synergistic Catalytic Oxidation
Authors: Huang Jianguo , Khan Rashid , Zhai Chunhui , Ding Xianting , Zhang Li-Sha , Wu Jin-Ming , Ye Zhizhen
Published: December 2024

Developing and implementing technologies that can significantly reduce food loss during storage and transport are of paramount importance. Ozone synergistic catalytic oxidation (OSCO) technology has been developed, which sterilizes bacteria and viruses on the surface of food and degrades ethylene released during fruit storage through the active oxygen produced by the catalytic decomposition of ozone. Herein, we report the hydrothermal synthesis of MnO2 with distinct phase compositions and nanostructures through simply varying the reaction temperatures. Optimized copper-doped α-MnO2 nanorods exhibited remarkable efficacy in activating ozone at a concentration of 40 ppb, and this activation resulted in the complete eradication of indicator bacteria on food surfaces within a 24 h period. Moreover, these nanorods demonstrated high effectiveness in decomposing more than 80% of the ethylene molecules emitted by apples and bananas during the preservation period. The high concentration of surface oxygen vacancies is believed to contribute to the enhanced catalytic activity of the Cu-doped α-MnO2 catalyst in the OSCO procedure by reducing ethylene production and maintaining the fruit quality during the preservation period.
Polyphenols: From Classification to Therapeutic Potential and Bioavailability
Authors: Ciupei Daria , Colişar Alexandru , Leopold Loredana , Stănilă Andreea , Diaconeasa Zorița M.
Published: December 2024

Though ubiquitous in nature, polyphenols gained scientific prominence only after the pioneering work of researchers like E. Fischer and K. Freudenberg, who demonstrated their potential beyond traditional applications, such as in the leather industry. Today, these bioactive compounds are recognized for their diverse therapeutic roles, including their use as adjuvants in cancer treatment, cancer prevention, and their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Additionally, polyphenols have demonstrated benefits in managing obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and neuromodulation. Their synthesis is influenced by environmental and genetic factors, with their concentrations varying based on the intensity of these variables, as well as the stage of ripening. This review provides a comprehensive overview of polyphenols, covering their classification, chemical structures, and bioavailability. The mechanisms influencing bioavailability, bioaccessibility, and bioactivity are explored in detail, alongside an introduction to their bioactive effects and associated metabolic pathways. Specific examples, such as the bioavailability of polyphenols in coffee and various types of onions, are analyzed. Despite their promising biological activities, a significant limitation of polyphenols lies in their inherently low oral bioavailability. However, their systemic circulation and the bioactive by-products formed during digestion present exciting opportunities for further research and application.
Teacher Experiences During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic in Latin America and Spain: A 20-Country Study
Authors: Christ Bryan R. , Adams Lucie , Ertman Benjamin , Arango-Lasprilla Sofia Catalina , Albaladejo-Blázquez Natalia , Perrin Paul B. , Ferrer-Cascales Rosario
Published: December 2024

The COVID-19 pandemic severely affected teaching and student outcomes throughout the world, yet the long-term impacts of the pandemic on teachers and students in Latin America and Spain remain largely underexamined. This study examined the experiences of 5416 teachers from 20 Spanish-speaking countries during and after the pandemic, with an emphasis on teachers’ health, teaching experiences, and school-based support; perceptions of their students’ experiences and struggles; and relationships with students, families, and colleagues. The study used an online survey design with recruitment primarily based on snowball sampling, with most variables being collected using Likert-style responses. Descriptive statistics as well as bivariate correlations between variables were calculated. The results suggested that teachers were mostly healthy and reported moderate fear of COVID-19, though there was much variability. While, on average, teachers did not believe the pandemic had had a negative impact on their relationships with parents, colleagues, and students, they believed that the pandemic had a meaningful negative impact on their students by increasing problems in five key domains: educational, behavioral, social, emotional, and familial. Teachers had received very little training regarding online teaching, although they were moderately satisfied with the resources they had received to teach online and the safety measures their schools had implemented. Schools should provide additional support to teachers, students, and families during times of prolonged stress such as pandemics to help mitigate their lasting effects on students’ academic and psychosocial functioning.
The Use of Personalized Medicine in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC): New Therapeutic Opportunities
Authors: Mendes Inês , Vale Nuno
Published: December 2024

Pancreatic cancer constitutes a significant cause of cancer-related fatalities, with a five-year survival rate of only 12%. The most prevalent form of this disease is pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Given that a single therapeutic intervention has proven inadequate for the treatment of PDAC, it is essential to identify distinct molecular signatures that could improve treatment efficacy and alleviate the economic burden on patients. Surgery is recognized as the most effective treatment option for PDAC; however, only a small percentage of patients are candidates for this procedure due to the advanced stage of the disease at the time of diagnosis. In this context, we propose to explore the biology of PDAC with a focus on microbiome, epigenetics, and genetics. Our objective is to examine the existing knowledge in these areas and to identify potential pathways for personalized medicine. This approach holds promise for advancing our understanding of PDAC development, progression, and resistance to standard therapy.
Pore Water Pressure Generation and Energy Dissipation Characteristics of Sand–Gravel Mixtures Subjected to Cyclic Loading
Authors: Pokhrel Abilash , Chiaro Gabriele
Published: December 2024

At least 32 case histories have shown that liquefaction can occur in gravelly soils (both natural deposits and manmade reclamations) during severe earthquakes, causing large ground deformations and severe damage to civil infrastructures. Gravelly soils, however, pose major challenges in geotechnical earthquake engineering in terms of assessing their deformation characteristics and potential for liquefaction. In this study, aimed at providing valuable insights into this important topic, a series of isotropically consolidated undrained cyclic triaxial tests were carried out on selected sand–gravel mixtures (SGMs) with varying degrees of gravel content (Gc) and relative density (Dr). The pore water pressure generation and liquefaction resistance were examined and then further scrutinized using an energy-based method (EBM) for liquefaction assessment. It is shown that the rate of pore water pressure development is influenced by the cyclic resistance ratio (CSR), Gc and Dr of SGMs. However, a unique correlation exists between the pore water pressure ratio and cumulative normalized dissipated energy during liquefaction. Furthermore, the cumulative normalized energy is a promising parameter to describe the cyclic resistance ratio (CRR) of gravelly soils at various post-liquefaction axial strain levels, considering the combined effects of Gc and Dr on the liquefaction resistance.
Eye-Tracking Experiment on Perception and Acceptance of Agrivoltaics: Pilot Study on the Impact of Grassland Use Visualisations
Authors: Schröter Iris , Püttschneider Niels , Mergenthaler Marcus
Published: December 2024

Agrivoltaics (AV) are expanding worldwide, but knowledge about the perception and acceptance of this approach is far from complete. The aim of the present study was to investigate the visual perception and acceptance of AV systems, focussing on the central research question of whether the type of grassland use influences the visual perception and acceptance of vertical interspace AV. For this purpose, three photo-based pictures of a vertical interspace AV plant were used in a laboratory experiment with 29 participants: the original photo showing the AV plant with grassland only; an edited photo with cattle added and an edited photo with silage bales added. The eye-tracking results showed that additional picture elements (i.e., cattle and silage bales) at least partially attracted visual attention, but did not distract from the technical elements of the depicted AV systems. The analysis of the acceptance ratings indicated relatively stable attitudes towards AV, which could not be easily modulated by depicting different types of grassland use within AV systems. Short-term and limited changes in attitudes towards AV appeared to result from the provision of information and mental engagement with the topic. We recommend carrying out further research based on larger, representative samples and more realistic stimuli of AV systems that would provide a better understanding of visual perception and acceptance than photos alone, such as on-site visits or VR visualisations, to enhance the external validity of the results. We also suggest conducting longitudinal studies to explore possible long-term effects on the public acceptance of AV systems.
Respiratory Diseases with High Occupational Fraction in Italy: Results from the Italian Hospital Discharge Registry (2010–2021)
Authors: Ferrante Pierpaolo
Published: December 2024

Objectives: Occupational respiratory diseases represent a major public health concern worldwide. This study analyses the hospitalization costs and characteristics of four major occupational respiratory diseases: malignant mesothelioma (MM), sinonasal cancer (SNC), pneumoconiosis (PN), and hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP). The findings are situated within the context of Italy’s population trends and healthcare system, offering insights into the economic and clinical burden of these diseases. Study Design: This retrospective, population-based study examines Italian hospitalizations for MM, SNC, PN, and HP during the period 2010–2021. The primary outcomes were the number of hospitalizations, length of stay, and associated cost. Costs were derived from charges linked to diagnosis-related groups (version 24) and major diagnostic category coding systems. Results: Though the Italian population is rapidly aging, the annual number and rate of hospitalizations declined by 35% over the study period. SNC hospitalizations aligned with the overall trend, PN and MM experienced faster declines, whereas HP admissions remained steady. MM emerged as the most resource-intensive (EUR 25 million yearly, with 86% attributable to occupation), followed by PN (EUR 10 million, entirely occupational), SNC (EUR 5 million, with EUR 650,000 occupational), and HP (EUR 2 million, with EUR 370,000 occupational). All studied diseases had an average length of stay exceeding the national one. The SNC admissions were the shortest (6.5 days) and least expensive (EUR 3647). In contrast, MM, PN, and HP had a mean length of stay exceeding 10 days, with admission costs averaging EUR 4700 for MM and EUR 4000 for PN and HP. The median age was the highest for PN (78 years) and MM (71 years), while SNC and HP patients had a median age of approximately 65 years. Conclusions: Consistent with their anticipated benefits, Italian workplace health regulations over the last three decades, including the 1992 asbestos ban and D.lgs. 81/2008, are associated with significant reductions in the hospitalization burden and an increased median age at discharge for MM and PN. In contrast, fewer conclusions can be drawn for SNC and HP due to their lower occupational fractions (10–20%). This finding suggests adding an occupational exposure flag in hospital records for acknowledged occupational diseases to enhance surveillance. Finally, this study provides the first estimate of the occupational fraction of hospitalization costs for the studied diseases in Italy.