bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling and optimization using artificial neural network and genetic algorithm of self‐propelled machine reach envelope
Authors: Singh Gajendra , Tewari V. K. , Potdar R. R. , Kumar Sitesh
Published: October 2023

Self‐propelled machinery, which is a crucial component of agricultural mechanization, is essential for enhancing production. Few farming operations involve the operation of riding‐type self‐propelled machinery for a prolonged period of time (6–8 h/day) and in a fluctuating weather condition in field condition. To alleviate the operator's workload, an ergonomically designed self‐propelled reach envelope was developed using various configuration simulator systems. To model the process and achieve the desired output for the development of simulator of self‐propelled machinery, artificial neural network (ANN) technique was employed. The simulator was tested using a range of control lever positions (0–23) and engine speeds (1600 and 2000 rpm). The study investigated how these process parameters influence the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) of female farm workers and determined the optimal operating parameters corresponding to the 100% OCR of female agricultural workers. Genetic algorithm (GA) was used along with the developed ANN model to forecast the OCR of agricultural workers. The experimental mean ± SD values were found 0.79 ± 0.04 L/min and predicated ANN values were found to be 0.776 ± 0.06 L/min for OCR, respectively. It is evident that not all operating parameters have the same effect on OCR. The training, testing, validation, and overall data sets employed in the ANN model and yielded correlation coefficients (R2) of 0.50889, 0.44229, 0.39029, and 0.48323, respectively. The goodness of fit was another crucial factor in evaluating the ANN tools. The ANN model demonstrated the lowest mean‐square error value that indicates higher precision and predictive power. The results satisfy the most suitable optimal parameters for the OCR of female workers operating the self‐propelled machinery simulator.
Enhanced Yield of Sodium Alginate Extracted fromPadina gymnosporaUsing a Greener Microwave and Ultrasound Hybrid System
Authors: Buxoo Swabiiha , Ramasawmy Hareenanden , Jeetah Pratima
Published: October 2023

In this study, alginate was extracted fromPadina gymnospora(PG) by applying the sequential combination of microwaves followed by ultrasounds (at low power and amplitude settings) using an organic acid pre‐treatment. The optimum alginate yield was investigated by varying the type of acid (oxalic and formic) and seaweed particle size range (0.295–0.495 and 0.146–0.246 mm). The extracted sodium alginate was then characterised in terms of FTIR,1H‐NMR, M/G ratio, viscosity and colour. The synergistic effect of the microwave‐ultrasound hybrid system for short timeframes (15 min each) successfully improved the alginate yield without compromising its structural composition, while allowing for a milder and greener organic acid to be used for the acid pre‐treatment. The highest alginate yield (~64 %) was obtained using formic acid and the smaller particle size range (0.146–0.246 mm). The latter thus highlights the importance of particle size reduction and optimisation. FTIR, NMR and viscosity analyses revealed a low guluronic acid content of alginate with a high M/G ratio (7.7±1.0–9.3±0.1) and low viscosity (2.92±0.09–3.05±0.06 cP), which was found to be inherent to the species used. The proposed novel method therefore opens prospects for the industry since it is both environmentally and economically sustainable.
An Efficient and Recyclable Acid Catalyst (PolyE‐IL) for Production of Pectin from Citrus Peel Waste
Authors: Singh Pragya , Vasishta Ayush , Pawar Hitesh S.
Published: October 2023

Citrus fruit waste is a potential source for valorisation into pectin. In present manuscript a PolyE‐IL‐1 as an efficient acid catalyst has been integrated for fractionation of pectin from citrus fruit waste. The use of PolyE‐IL‐1 catalyst has specific advantages in term of high yield, ease of catalyst separation, recycle and reuse etc. The process optimization study was conducted to check the influence of catalyst concentration, temperature, time and substrate concentration etc., to obtain maximum yield of pectin. The intensified process yields 30 % pectin at 95 °C in 90 min in batch mode of operation. Moreover, batch reactor, ultrasound batch reactor and microwave batch reactor were compared to observe the influence of the mode of reactor operation. Various citrus waste feedstock (Orange, Sweet lime and Lemon) was tested and maximum yield of (32.52 %) pectin was obtained from Lemon peels. The catalyst recyclability study showed consistency in pectin yield (30 %) for five consecutive recycle runs. Thus, the use of an easily recyclable PolyE‐IL‐1 catalyst provides an efficient route to produce pectin from citrus fruit peel waste.
TBA−Br and Selectfluor Mediated Bromination of Glycals and Heterocyclic Compounds: Substrate Scope and Synthetic Utility
Authors: Maheshwari Mittali , Hussain Nazar
Published: October 2023

Herein, we have devised a metal‐free stereoselective protocol mediated by selectfluor for the dibromination of sugar enol‐ethers and monobromination of heterocyclic compounds. The dibromination of glycals was achieved within 5 minutes at room temperature with excellent yields. The tolerance of various protecting groups such as acetyl, benzyl, and silyl in sugars was checked. When the same reagent system was applied to substituted indoles and chromones 3‐brominated products were obtained but at elevated temperatures. The synthetic utility of the methodology was demonstrated by using the brominated indoles and chromones to synthesize the 3‐aryl indoles and isoflavones respectively via Suzuki‐Miyura cross‐coupling reactions.
Fabrication and characterization of ZSM‐5@Silicalite‐1 core‐shell composites and their application in hexane catalytic cracking
Authors: Zhu Jiale , Yang Fan , Yan Siyan , Wu Haidan , Zhu Xuedong
Published: October 2023

A variety of core‐shell structure catalysts with different shell thicknesses were fabricated by hydrothermal coating. Multiple characterization technologies including XRD, SEM, N2 adsorption‐desorption, NH3‐TPD and IR were employed to explore the physicochemical properties of all the samples, demonstrating that the shell layer was successfully introduced on the exterior of the core. The results of hexane cracking disclosed that with the increase of shell thickness, olefins selectivities increased continuously accompanied by a minor decrease of hexane conversion. Only when controlling the shell thickness to 150 nm could manifest the best performance with light olefins yields of 51.1 %, much higher than those of 23.2 % on the core catalyst. On the other hand, the catalyst lifetime was greatly improved, which presented a decrease of only 2.8 % in hexane conversion, relative to 9.7 % on the core catalyst during the reaction period of 80 h. Above exciting phenomenon was attributed to the growth of protective shell outside the core, which passivated the external acid sites greatly, thus side reactions were inhibited dramatically. It is firmly believed that our work provided a novel reference for the production of light oil cracking catalyst in industry, which will make up for the shortage of olefins considerably.
Efficient Synthesis of 2,5‐Disubstituted Chalcogenophenes by a One‐pot, Stepwise Glaser Coupling – Cycloaddition Sequence
Authors: Li Shiju , Liu Fanmin , Qian Chao , Zhou Shaodong
Published: October 2023

A mild and efficient method for the synthesis of 2,5‐disubstituted chalcogenophenes is reported. This method involves two steps of reactions via one‐pot approach by employing commercially available and cost‐effective alkynes and element chalcogen. Further, by using LiNH2 as the promoter and DMSO/EtOH as the solvent, Cu‐catalyzed Glaser coupling‐cycloaddition processes are dramatically enhanced that a diverse range of chalcogenophenes can be obtained in good to excellent yields under mild conditions. Controlled experiments show that trisulfur radical anion (S3⋅−) is the key intermediate and DMSO/EtOH serves as the hydrogen source, while alcohol may facilitate the transition state.
Selective Electrophoretic Deposition of Silicon Nanoparticles onto PAN‐Based Carbon Fiber as a Prospective Anode for Structural Li‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Tobing Daniel Tulus L. , Prakoso Bagas , Adios Celfi Gustine , Hawari Naufal Hanif , Wiriadinata Raden Erlangga M. , Dirgantara Tatacipta , Judawisastra Hermawan , Sumboja Afriyanti
Published: October 2023

The demand for revolutionizing the lightweight design of Li‐ion batteries has become inevitable due to the ever‐increasing development of electric transportation modes. Integration of structural and energy storage functionalities into a single structural battery device can be a smart way to improve the overall performance of electric vehicles. In this study, we propose a facile and cost‐effective approach to develop a prospective anode for structural Li‐ion batteries through electrophoretic deposition of silicon (Si) particles onto polyacrylonitrile (PAN)‐based carbon fiber. The synthesis method is able to selectively deposit small‐sized silicon particles on the surface of carbon fiber, producing a thin, continuous, and porous coating of silicon nanoparticles on commercial PAN‐based carbon fiber. The synthesized Si/PAN‐based carbon fiber electrode exhibits remarkable mechanical properties, delivering a tensile strength of 2.57 GPa and a tensile modulus of 118.2 GPa. Benefitting from the morphology of the deposited silicon, the discharge capacity of silicon/PAN‐based carbon fiber anode can reach 565 mAh g−1 with 81 % capacity retention after 50 cycles. This work highlights the potential of silicon‐modified carbon fiber electrodes obtained via a simple and cost‐effective deposition method for structural Li‐ion battery applications.
LiPF6 Induces Phosphorization of Garnet‐Type Solid‐State Electrolyte for Stable Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Chen Nan , Gui Boshun , Yang Binbin , Deng Chenglong , Liang Yaohui , Zhang Fengling , Li Bohua , Sun Wen , Wu Feng , Chen Renjie
Published: October 2023

Garnet solid electrolyte Li6.4La3Zr1.4Ta0.6O12 (LLZTO) is an excellent inorganic ceramic‐type solid electrolyte; however, the presence of Li2CO3 impurities on its surface hinders Li‐ion transport and increases the interface impedance. In contrast to traditional methods of mechanical polishing, acid corrosion, and high‐temperature reduction for removing Li2CO3, herein, a straightforward “waste‐to‐treasure” strategy is proposed to transform Li2CO3 into Li3PO4 and LiF in LiPF6 solution under 60 °C. It is found that the formation of Li3PO4 during LLZTO pretreatment facilitates rapid Li‐ion transport and enhances ionic conductivity, and the LLZTO/PAN composite polymer electrolyte shows the highest Li‐ion transference number of 0.63. Additionally, the dense LiF layer serves to safeguard the internal garnet solid electrolyte against solvent decomposition‐induced chemical adsorption. Symmetric Li/Li cells assembled with treated LLZTO/PAN composite electrolyte exhibit a critical current density of 1.1 mA cm−2 and a long lifespan of up to 700 h at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2. The Li/LiFePO4 solid‐state cells demonstrate stable cycling performances for 141 mAh g−1 at 0.5 C, with capacity retention of 93.6% after 190 cycles. This work presents a novel approach to converting waste into valuable resources, offering the advantages of simple processes, and minimal side reactions.
An Orthogonal Conductance Pathway in Spiropyrans for Well‐Defined Electrosteric Switching Single‐Molecule Junctions
Authors: Jago David , Liu Chongguang , Daaoub Abdalghani H. S. , Gaschk Emma , Walkey Mark C. , Pulbrook Thea , Qiao Xiaohang , Sobolev Alexandre N. , Moggach Stephen A. , Costa‐Milan David , Higgins Simon J. , Piggott Matthew J. , Sadeghi Hatef , Nichols Richard J. , Sangtarash Sara , Vezzoli Andrea , Koutsantonis George A.
Published: October 2023

While a multitude of studies have appeared touting the use of molecules as electronic components, the design of molecular switches is crucial for the next steps in molecular electronics. In this work, single‐molecule devices incorporating spiropyrans, made using break junction techniques, are described. Linear spiropyrans with electrode‐contacting groups linked by alkynyl spacers to both the indoline and chromenone moieties have previously provided very low conductance values, and removing the alkynyl spacer has resulted in a total loss of conductance. An orthogonal T‐shaped approach to single‐molecule junctions incorporating spiropyran moieties in which the conducting pathway lies orthogonal to the molecule backbone is described and characterized. This approach has provided singlemolecule conductance features with good correlation to molecular length. Additional higher conducting states are accessible using switching induced by UV light or protonation. Theoretical modeling demonstrates that upon (photo)chemical isomerization to the merocyanine, two cooperating phenomena increase conductance: release of steric hindrance allows the conductance pathway to become more planar (raising the mid‐bandgap transmission) and a bound state introduces sharp interference near the Fermi level of the electrodes similarly responding to the change in state. This design step paves the way for future use of spiropyrans in single‐molecule devices and electrosteric switches.
One‐Pot Synthesis of Bioinspired Peptide‐Decorated Apatite Nanoparticles for Nanomedicine
Authors: Guérin Mathilde , Lebrun Aurélien , Kuhn Liisa , Azaïs Thierry , Laurent Guillaume , Marsan Olivier , Drouet Christophe , Subra Gilles
Published: October 2023

Hybrid organic–inorganic bio‐inspired apatite nanoparticles (NPs) are attractive for biomedical applications and especially in nanomedicine. Unfortunately, their applications in nanomedicine are limited by their broad particle size distributions and uncontrolled drug loading due to their multistep synthesis process.  Besides, very few attempts at exposing bioactive peptides on apatite NPs are made. In this work, an original one‐pot synthesis of well‐defined bioactive hybrid NPs composed of a mineral core of bioinspired apatite surrounded by an organic corona of bioactive peptides is reported. Dual stabilizing‐bioactive agents, phosphonated polyethylene glycol‐peptide conjugates, are prepared and directly used during apatite precipitation i) to form the organic corona during apatite precipitation, driving the size and shape of resulting hybrid NPs with colloidal stabilization and ii) to expose peptide moieties (RGD or YIGSR sequences) at the NPs periphery in view of conferring additional surface properties to enhance their interaction with cells. Here, the success of this approach is demonstrated, the functionalized NPs are fully characterized by Fourier‐transform infrared, Raman, X‐ray diffraction, solid and liquid state NMR, transmission electron microscopy, and dynamic light scattering, and their interaction with fibroblast cells is followed, unveiling a synergistic proliferative effect.
Exploring Robust Delayed Fluorescence Materials via Structural Rigidification for Realizing Organic Light‐Emitting Diodes with High Efficiencies and Small Roll‐Offs
Authors: Chen Jinke , Liu Zhangshan , Chen Letian , Zou Peng , Tang Ben Zhong , Zhao Zujin
Published: October 2023

Thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials have been widely studied for the fabrication of high‐performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs), but the serious efficiency roll‐offs still remain unsolved in most cases. Herein, it is wish to report a series of robust green TADF compounds containing rigid xanthenone acceptor and acridine‐based spiro donors. The enhancement in molecular rigidity not only endows the compounds with improved thermal stability but also results in reduced geometric vibrations and thus lowered reorganization energies. These compounds exhibit distinct merits of high thermal stabilities, excellent photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (96%–97%), large horizontal dipole orientation ratios (87.4%–92.1%) and fast TADF rates (1.4–1.5 × 106 s‒1). The OLEDs using them as emitters furnish superb electroluminescence performances with outstanding external quantum efficiencies (ηexts) of up to 37.4% and very small efficiency roll‐offs. Moreover, highly efficient hyperfluorescence OLEDs are obtained by using them as sensitizers for the green mutilresonance TADF emitter BN2, delivering excellent ηexts of up to 34.2% and improved color purity. These results disclose the high potential of these TADF compounds as emitters and sensitizers for OLEDs.
Recent Advances of Benzodithiophene‐Based Donor Materials for Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Zhou Dan , Wang Yanyan , Yang Shu , Quan Jianwei , Deng Jiawei , Wang Jianru , Li Yubing , Tong Yongfen , Wang Qian , Chen Lie
Published: October 2023

Recently, the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) has increased dramatically, making a big step toward the industrial application of OSCs. Among numerous OSCs, benzodithiophene (BDT)‐based OSCs stand out in achieving efficient PCE. Notably, single‐junction OSCs using BDT‐based polymers as donor materials have completed a PCE of over 19%, indicating a dramatic potential for preparing high‐performance large‐scale OSCs. This paper reviews the recent progress of OSCs based on BDT polymer donor materials (PDMs). The development of BDT‐based OSCs is concisely summarized. Meanwhile, the relationship between the structure of PDMs and the performance of OSCs is further described in this review. Besides, the development and prospect of single junction OSCs are also discussed.
Modeling and exploring the evolution of the mobile software ecosystem: How far are we?
Authors: Xiao Jianmao , Xu Zhipeng , Zhang Donghua , Chen Shiping , Liu Chenyu , Feng Zhiyong , Fan Guodong , Ouyang Chuying
Published: October 2023

The health of mobile software ecosystems is closely related to the interests of software developers, end‐users, and stakeholders. Therefore, it is crucial to maintain the mobile software ecosystem healthy and functioning. Researchers have done considerable research on mobile software ecosystems like Android and iOS. However, the evolution laws implicit in mobile software ecosystems have not attracted widespread attention. This paper proposes a research framework for investigating the evolution process and influencing factors of mobile software ecosystems based on community mining. Firstly, we mine the evolving ecosystem from many mobile software projects based on a community detection algorithm. Then we analyze the evolution process of the ecosystem by identifying evolution events in different periods. Furthermore, we utilize the multinomial logistics regression model to analyze the relevant indicators and summarize the crucial factors affecting the evolution. Meanwhile, by training the long short term memory (LSTM) model to predict evolution events, our prediction accuracy can reach 75%. This work can be used to maintain and improve the healthy operations of mobile software ecosystems.
From Inside Out: How the Buried Interface, Shell Defects, and Surface Chemistry Conspire to Determine Optical Performance in Nonblinking Giant Quantum Dots
Authors: Singh Ajay , Majumder Somak , Thompson Orfield Noah J. , Sarpkaya Ibrahim , Nordlund Dennis , Bustillo Karen C. , Ciston Jim , Nisoli Victoria , Ivanov Sergei A. , Bowes Eric G. , Htoon Han , Hollingsworth Jennifer A.
Published: October 2023

“Giant” or core/thick‐shell quantum dots (gQDs) are an important class of solid‐state quantum emitter characterized by strongly suppressed blinking and photobleaching under ambient conditions, and reduced nonradiative Auger processes. Together, these qualities provide distinguishing and useful functionality as single‐ and ensemble‐photon sources. For many applications, operation at elevated temperatures and under intense photon flux is desired, but performance is strongly dependent on the synthetic method employed for thick‐shell growth. Here, a comprehensive analysis of gQD structural properties “from the inside out” as a function of shell‐growth method is reported: successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) and high‐temperature continuous injection (HT‐CI), or sequential combinations of the two. Key correlations across synthesis methods, structural features (interfacial alloying, stacking‐fault density and surface‐ligand identity), and performance metrics (quantum yield, single‐gQD photoluminescence under thermal/photo stress, charging behavior and quantum‐optical properties) are identified. Surprisingly, it is found that interfacial alloying is the strongest indicator of gQD stability under stress, but this parameter is not the determining factor for Auger suppression. Furthermore, quantum yield is strongly influenced by surface chemistry and can approach unity even in the case of high shell‐defect density, while introduction of zinc‐blende stacking faults increases the likelihood that a gQD exhibits charged‐state emission.
Solid‐phase extraction of losartan and chlordiazepoxide from biological samples using sponge‐activated carbon
Authors: Khodadoust Saeid , Pirayesh Ferdous , Zeraatpisheh Fatemeh
Published: October 2023

In this research, sponge‐activated carbon was applied as an effective adsorbent for simultaneous dispersive solid ultrasound‐assisted microextraction followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography for the preconcentration and determination of losartan (LOS) and chlordiazepoxide (CDP) drugs from urine and plasma samples. The synthesized adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller techniques. To investigate the effects of different parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, adsorption time, and volume of extraction solvent on the extraction process of LOS and CDP, a central composite design (CCD)‐based response surface methodology was applied. Using a CCD, the optimized factors achieved an adsorption time of 13 min, an adsorbent dosage of 14 mg, an extraction solvent (methanol) of 1.3 mL, and pH = 4.7 under the desirability function. Under the optimized conditions, the presented method showed a wide linear range of 0.005–10.0 μg/mL with a limit of detections of 0.0011 and 0.0018 μg/mL for LOS and CDP, respectively. Moreover, the applied method had relative standard deviations of 4.7% and 5.3% for LOS and CDP, respectively.
Shear bond between existing concrete and high‐strength fiber reinforced overlay: Influence of substrate strength and interface roughness
Authors: Iavarone Fabiola , Vecchio Frank J. , Plizzari Giovanni , Minelli Fausto
Published: October 2023

Bonded concrete overlays are widely used for strengthening and repair of concrete members. The aim of a concrete repair is to restore the load‐carrying capacity and stiffness of a concrete member, and to extend the service life of a structure. The bond between substrate and overlay is one of the main factors concerning the serviceability of a composite member consisting of concrete of different ages. This paper aims at better evaluating, through an extensive experimental program, the shear bond strength between existing concrete and a subsequently applied fiber reinforced overlay. The main purposes of this test program are to study the influence of the substrate strength and of the substrate surface roughness on the interface bond strength between a substrate and overlay concrete. A refinement of a novel bond test, proposed by some of the authors of this paper, is also implemented. Results indicate that there is an increase in the bond strength with an increase in the substrate compressive strength. On the other hand, the results suggest that, for the substrate strength classes investigated, the surface roughness does not influence the interface bond strength.
Recent Advances in Floating Photovoltaic Systems
Authors: Ahmed Asmaa , Elsakka Mohamed , Elminshawy Nabil , Mohamed Ayman , Sundaram Senthilarasu
Published: October 2023

In recent years, floating photovoltaic (FPV) technologies have gained more importance as a key source of clean energy, particularly in the context of providing sustainable energy to buildings. The rise of land scarcity and the need to reduce carbon emissions have made FPV systems a cost‐effective solution for generating electricity. This review article aims to explore the rapidly growing trend of floating PV systems, which can be a practical solution for regions with limited land areas. The article discusses the structure of the PV modules used in FPV plants and key factors that affect site suitability choice. Moreover, the article presents various techniques for cooling and cleaning FPV to keep optimal performance and discusses feasible trends and prospects for the technology. Finally, this paper proposes the potential integration of FPV systems with other technologies to enhance energy generation efficiency and discusses other research aimed at the advancement of the technology. By examining the various features of FPV systems, this review article contributes to understanding the advantages and challenges associated with using this sustainable energy technology in different regional contexts.
Chemoselective Reactions of Functionalized Sulfonyl Halides
Authors: Liashuk Oleksandr S. , Andriashvili Vladyslav A. , Tolmachev Andriy O. , Grygorenko Oleksandr O.
Published: October 2023

Chemoselective transformations of functionalized sulfonyl fluorides and chlorides are surveyed comprehensively. It is shown that sulfonyl fluorides provide an excellent selectivity control in their reactions. Thus, numerous conditions are tolerated by the SO2F group – from amide and ester formation to directed ortho‐lithiation and transition‐metal‐catalyzed cross‐couplings. Meanwhile, sulfur (VI) fluoride exchange (SuFEx) is also compatible with numerous functional groups, thus confirming its title of “another click reaction”. On the contrary, with a few exceptions, most transformations of functionalized sulfonyl chlorides typically occur at the SO2Cl moiety.
The enactment of teacher‐educator interactional identities in the classrooms of English language education
Authors: Lucero‐Babativa Edgar
Published: October 2023

This research article presents a study on teacher‐educator interactional identities in English language education. The study extends conversation analysis by doing co‐analysis and member‐checking with three participating teacher‐educators to analyze the enactment of their interactional identities in language‐based and content‐based classes in three different undergraduate programs in English language education. Findings discuss the presence of multiple interactional identities composed of varied forms of being and doing as interactants in the occurring organizations of classroom interaction. These findings highlight the relevance of studying teacher‐educator interactional identities to explain how English language education occurs during classroom interaction.
Chanling Gao suppresses colorectal cancer via PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway modulation and enhances quality of survival
Authors: Chen Guo , Tian Ting‐ting , Wang Fei‐qing , Pan Chun‐shui , Sun Kai , Wang Xiao‐yi , Yang Bing , Yang Zhu , Tang Dong‐xin , Han Jing‐yan
Published: October 2023

The Chinese medicine formula Chanling Gao (CLG) exhibits significant tumor inhibitory effects in colorectal cancer (CRC) nude mice. However, the detailed mechanisms remain elusive. CRC in situ nude mouse models were treated with CLG. Small animal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) tracked tumor progression, and overall health metrics such as food and water intake, body weight, and survival were monitored. Posttreatment, tissues and blood were analyzed for indicators of tumor inhibition and systemic effects. Changes in vital organs were observed via stereoscope and hematoxylin‐eosin staining. Immunohistochemistry quantified HIF‐1α and P70S6K1 protein expression in xenografts. Double labeling was used to statistically analyze vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and CD31 neovascularization. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was used to determine the levels of VEGF, MMP‐2, MMP‐9, IL‐6, and IL‐10 in serum, tumors, and liver. Western blotting was used to assess the expression of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway‐related factors TGF‐β1 and smad4 in liver tissues. CLG inhibited tumor growth, improved overall health metrics, and ameliorated abnormal blood cell counts in CRC nude mice. CLG significantly reduced tumor neovascularization and VEGF expression in tumors and blood. It also suppressed HIF‐1α, EGFR, p‐PI3K, Akt, p‐Akt, and p‐mTOR expression in tumors while enhancing PTEN oncogene expression. Systemic improvements were noted, with CLG limiting liver metastasis, reducing pro‐inflammatory cytokines IL‐6 and IL‐10 in liver tissues, decreasing MMP‐2 in blood and MMP‐2 and MMP‐9 in tumors, and inhibiting TGF‐β1 expression in liver tissues. CLG can enhance survival quality and inhibit tumor growth in CRC nude mice, likely through the regulation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Assessing antibiotic usage data capture accuracy on dairy farms in England and Wales
Authors: Strang Camilla , Alarcon Pablo , Cardwell Jacqueline M. , Brunton Lucy
Published: October 2023

Background

Accurate farm‐level data on antibiotic usage (ABU) are needed for the surveillance of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the accuracy of ABU data capture by dairy farmers in South West England and Wales.

Methods

Through a cross‐sectional survey of 48 dairy farmers, the accuracy of ABU recording was measured by farmers’ assessment of the completeness and timeliness of ABU recording (‘perceived accuracy’) and the completeness and correctness of on‐farm ABU records (‘actual accuracy’). Completeness and correctness were compared for paper and software recording methods.

Results

Perceived accuracy was higher than actual accuracy. Antibiotic names, withdrawal periods and dates that products were fit for human consumption were often incomplete or incorrect. More inaccuracies were seen with paper than software. In some software platforms, the date that milk would be fit for human consumption was frequently rounded down by half a day, increasing the risk of residue failures.

Limitation

The small number of on‐farm records assessed limits the generalisability of the results.

Conclusions

Electronic recording of ABU should be encouraged. However, functionality needs improvement, alongside consultation with dairy farmers to increase awareness of inaccuracies.
Identification of Anaerosporobacter sp. using next‐generation DNA sequencing as a presumptive cause of chronic cloacitis in a Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus)
Authors: Vecere Gina , Malka Shachar , Dennison Sophie , Krumbeck Janina
Published: October 2023

A 29‐year‐old, female Congo African grey parrot (Psittacus erithacus) was presented for a 2‐month history of soft malodorous stool. Next‐generation DNA sequencing of the faecal matter identified Anaerosporobacter sp. in the stool sample. The bird was treated with a 14‐day course of metronidazole, after which next‐generation DNA sequencing no longer detected Anaerosporobacter sp. The bird's clinical signs resolved concurrently. Clinical signs of malodorous stool recurred, and repeated next‐generation DNA sequencing showed recurrence of Anaerosporobacter sp. Duodenal dysmotility/hypermotility syndrome was noted on fluoroscopy. The bird also tested positive for bornavirus and anti‐ganglioside antibodies. We suspect that dysmotility and hypermotility of the duodenum were associated with active bornavirus infection, which caused immunosuppression and predisposed the bird to intestinal colonisation by a novel organism. This report demonstrates the presumptive diagnosis and treatment challenges of Anaerosporobacter sp. from the faeces of a psittaciform species using next‐generation DNA sequencing as opposed to traditional culture techniques.
Water vapor transport through bioenergy grass residues and its effects on soil water evaporation
Authors: Carvalho Henrique D. R. , Howard Adam M. , Amoozegar Aziz , Crozier Carl R. , Johnson Amy M. , Heitman Joshua L.
Published: October 2023

Miscanthus is a productive perennial grass that is suitable as a bioenergy crop in “marginal” lands (e.g., eroded soils) with low water holding capacity. However, little is known about the impact of miscanthus residues on vapor transport and soil water budgets. Laboratory experiments were conducted to measure the vapor conductance through miscanthus residues and its effect on soil water evaporation. The ranges for the length, width, and thickness of residue elements were 0.5–9.0, 0.1–0.5, and 0.1–0.5 cm, respectively. Average residue areal, bulk, and skeletal densities were 0.88 kg m−2, 24 kg m−3, and 1006 kg m−3, respectively, giving a porosity of 0.98 m3 m−3. A power function described the decrease in conductance with increasing residue load. The corresponding conductance for a residue load of 0.88 kg m−2 was 1.6 mm s−1. During the first days of a 60‐day drying experiment, cumulative evaporation showed logarithmic decay with increasing residue load. Conversely, cumulative evaporation during the last days of the study showed little difference between treatments. Measurements indicated that there is a “critical” residue load (∼1.0 kg m−2) beyond which evaporation no longer decreases appreciably when the soil is under the stage 1 evaporation regime. Results suggest that soil water conservation in marginal lands may be accomplished by maintaining moderate amounts of bioenergy grass residue covering the soil. Determining “critical” loads for different residue types is a knowledge gap that merits further research.
Contactless estimation of soil moisture using leaky Rayleigh waves and a fully convolutional network
Authors: Lee Seoungmin , Woo Dong Kook , Choi Hajin
Published: October 2023

Soil moisture is a key factor that influences various aspects of ecosystem functioning. Measuring soil moisture without installing any objects in the soil is desirable because it allows for accurate characterizations of soil moisture while minimizing impacts on soil structure and ecology. In this study, we explored the potential of leaky Rayleigh waves as a proxy to contactlessly estimate soil moisture. We developed an ultrasonic system containing a transducer, receivers, and acoustic barrier. The specimens of sand, silt, and clay were utilized. Experiments were conducted over 4 months. We used a widely used soil‐embedded moisture sensor to compare and develop relationships between leaky Rayleigh waves and soil moisture. Our results showed that as soil moisture increased, the velocity and amplitude of leaky Rayleigh waves decreased because water molecules attracted to the soils led to their attenuation. However, their magnitudes were not considerable except for very dry soils. To overcome these limited relations to estimate soil moisture from leaky Rayleigh waves, we constructed authentic images based on the observed leaky Rayleigh waves and used them as inputs for a fully convolutional network. We found that the combination of the ultrasonic system and deep learning approach developed in this study were suitable for estimating soil moisture without soil disturbances (RMSE = 0.01 m3 m−3). This study suggests that leaky Rayleigh waves have the potential to serve as a reliable proxy for determining soil moisture without the need for physical contact.
Convex economic model predictive control for blade loads mitigation on wind turbines
Authors: Pamososuryo Atindriyo Kusumo , Liu Yichao , Gybel Hovgaard Tobias , Ferrari Riccardo , van Wingerden Jan‐Willem
Published: October 2023

Economic model predictive control (EMPC) has received increasing attention in the wind energy community due to its ability to trade‐off economic objectives with ease. However, for wind turbine applications, inherent nonlinearities, such as from aerodynamics, pose difficulties in attaining a convex optimal control problem (OCP), by which real‐time deployment is not only possible but also a globally optimal solution is guaranteed. A variable transformation can be utilized to obtain a convex OCP, where nominal variables, such as rotational speed, pitch angle, and torque, are exchanged with an alternative set in terms of power and energy. The ensuing convex EMPC (CEMPC) possesses linear dynamics, convex constraints, and concave economic objectives and has been successfully employed to address power control and tower fatigue alleviation. This work focuses on extending the blade loads mitigation aspect of the CEMPC framework by exploiting its individual pitch control (IPC) capabilities, resulting in a novel CEMPC‐IPC technique. This extension is made possible by reformulating static blade and rotor moments in terms of individual blade aerodynamic powers and rotational kinetic energy of the drivetrain. The effectiveness of the proposed method is showcased in a mid‐fidelity wind turbine simulation environment in various wind cases, in which comparisons with a basic CEMPC without load mitigation capability and a baseline IPC are made.
Straight from the coyote's mouth: genetic identification of prey through oral swabs of predators
Authors: Young Julie K. , Mast Amanda M. , Walton James A. , Rodgers Torrey , Piaggio Antoinette J. , Taylor Daniel R. , Mock Karen E.
Published: October 2023

Human–carnivore conflicts often involve the depredation of domestic livestock. These depredation events are rarely observed, yet mitigation typically involves identifying the species or individual involved for removal or relocation. We tested a molecular method to identify individuals involved in depredation events using mouth swabs to determine if prey DNA could be detected, and for how long. We fed mule deer Odocoileus hemionus meat to captive coyotes Canis latrans and swabbed their mouths at five predetermined intervals between 2–72 h after consumption of the deer meat. We assessed two different molecular forensic methods to analyze the saliva swabs: qPCR for species identification and microsatellites for individual prey identification. We found that qPCR analysis was highly effective, detecting the deer DNA in the coyote saliva for up to 72 h post‐deer consumption. Our results suggest that if an individual carnivore suspected of livestock depredation is captured within 72 h of a depredation incident, it is possible to confirm their potential involvement with a buccal swab and qPCR analysis. Utilizing this method could aid in more targeted and effective removal of individual problem carnivores as opposed to widespread removal of involved species.
“The Challenges Will Remain”: Systemic Work with Families of Children Needing Extra Care
Authors: de Flon Halvor , Sheehan Jim
Published: October 2023

This chapter describes a variety of systemic practices with families with children that need extra care and where these family and child challenges will probably remain in some way or another. Work with families where children suffer with chronic conditions is viewed as a practice domain that demands a very broad range of systemic skills made available in the service of the whole family and its constituent parts. In addition, it also addresses the performance of these skills as part of a co-ordinating function aimed at enhancing the connectedness of the family’s helping system as a whole. How can good systemic interventions in such family contexts be characterized? What do these interventions look like? The chapter also describes systemic interventions that are responsive to the challenges arising from the poorly coordinated systems of help that surround these families.
A Systemic Approach to School-Based Consultation: Combining Interventions That Belong to Different Theoretical Traditions
Authors: Axberg Ulf , Petitt Bill
Published: October 2023

This chapter illustrates the idea that a systems perspective can encompass any idea that helps increase our understanding and effectiveness. An underlaying assumption is that the adoption of a systems perspective encourages—even requires—the possession of a plurality of theories and instruments because of the extremely complex nature of dynamic systems. The authors describe a real-life, school-based intervention that combines a normative approach (Marte Meo), with a non-normative perspective (Coordination Meetings), and how the interventions, derived from different philosophical and theoretical traditions, have been included within a single systems-oriented framework.
Endoscopic transaqueductal stent placement for tumor-related aqueductal compression in pediatric patients: surgical consideration, technique, and results
Authors: Prajsnar-Borak Anna , Schroeder Henry W. S. , Oertel Joachim
Published: October 2023

Purpose

Endoscopic transaqueductal stenting has become a well-accepted treatment option for a selected small subset of aqueductal stenosis-related obstructive hydrocephalus. However, transaqueductal stenting poses unique challenges and risks which requires critical consideration. This report discusses the clinical experiences with transaqueductal stenting for periaqueductal tumor-related aqueductal stenosis focusing on pediatric patients.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of all patients undergoing endoscopic TAS from 01/1993 to 01/2022 in the author’s departments was performed. Demographic, clinical, radiological, and intraoperative endoscopic data were evaluated. All patients with AS-related occlusive hydrocephalus that was treated with TAS were analyzed and prospectively followed. Special attention has been given to providing insights into indications, surgical technique, and limitations.

Results

Out of 28 endoscopic transaqueductal endoscopis stenting procedures, five procedures were performed on periaqueductal tumor-related obstructive hydrocephalus, two children and three adult patients. CSF pathway was obstructed by tumor located in the aqueduct in 2, by tumor in the thalamus/mesencephalon in 1, by a tumor within the third ventricle in 1, and by a tumor of the lamina tecti in 1. Simultaneously with transaqueductal stenting, 2 endoscopic third ventriculostomies (ETV), 3 tumor biopsies, and 1 tumor resection were performed. Postoperative complications included the following: CSF fistula (1 case), and asymptomatic fornix contusion (1 case). A working aqueductal stent was achieved in all cases based on clinical follow-up evaluation. Postoperatively, all patients showed improvement or resolution of their symptoms. The mean follow-up period was 25.2 months (range, 1–108 months). One patient died due to tumor progression during early follow-up. No stent migration was seen.

Conclusion

Endoscopic third ventriculostomy remains the gold standard for treatment of CSF circulation obstructions with lesions in the posterior third ventricle and aqueduct. Transaqueductal stenting for periaqueductal tumor-related aqueductal compression is technically feasible. However, because of the potential high risks and subtle advantages compared with ETV transaqueductal stenting, it might be indicated in a small subset of well-selected patients if alternative treatment options are not at hand.
Association between rheumatoid arthritis and pulpal-periapical pathology: a systematic review
Authors: Karataş Ertugrul , Kul Ayhan , Camilleri Josette , Yonel Zehra
Published: October 2023

Objectives

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a debilitating disease where numerous pro-inflammatory cytokines have a proven role in its pathology. These cytokines are also involved in the pathogenesis of apical periodontitis (AP) where they have a pro-inflammatory role and induce bone resorption. Patients with RA may therefore be more prone to develop pulpal-periapical pathology (PPP). This study systematically reviewed the existing literature evaluating the association between RA and PPP.

Materials and methods

Studies including human participants with both RA and PPP were included. The search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Library databases using keywords and Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) search terms. The risk of bias was assessed using Newcastle–Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. The following parameters were extracted and analyzed by the reviewers; author, journal, year, design of the study, diagnostic criteria for periapical pathology, the association between rheumatoid arthritis and periapical pathology, and the evidence level.

Results

The search identified 142 records. Inclusion criteria were as follows; studies in the English language, including human participants only, including patients with RA and PPP, cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, clinical trials, and case–control studies. According to the inclusion criteria, 5 studies were included in this systematic review. Three of the five studies reported significant association between RA and PPP.

Conclusions

Existing evidence suggests there may be an association between RA and PPP.

Clinical relevance

Clinicians should be aware that RA patients can be more prone to develop PPP which may result in a reduced quality of life.
Chosen-ciphertext secure code-based threshold public key encryptions with short ciphertext
Authors: Takahashi Kota , Hashimoto Keitaro , Ogata Wakaha
Published: October 2023

Threshold public-key encryption (threshold PKE) has various useful applications. A lot of threshold PKE schemes are proposed based on RSA, Diffie–Hellman and lattice, but to the best of our knowledge, code-based threshold PKEs have not been proposed. In this paper, we provide three IND-CCA secure code-based threshold PKE schemes. The first scheme is the concrete instantiation of Dodis–Katz conversion (Dodis and Katz, TCC’05) that converts an IND-CCA secure PKE into an IND-CCA secure threshold PKE using parallel encryption and a signature scheme. This approach provides non-interactive threshold decryption, but ciphertexts are large (about 16 kilobytes for 128-bit security) due to long code-based signatures even in the state-of-the-art one. The second scheme is a new parallel encryption-based construction without signature schemes. Unlike the Dodis–Katz conversion, our parallel encryption converts an OW-CPA secure PKE into an OW-CPA secure threshold PKE. To enhance security, we use Cong et al.’s conversion (Cong et al., ASIACRYPT’21). Thanks to eliminating signatures, its ciphertext is 512 bytes, which is only 3% of the first scheme. The decryption process needs an MPC for computing hash functions, but decryption of OW-CPA secure PKE can be done locally. The third scheme is an MPC-based threshold PKE scheme from code-based assumption. We take the same approach Cong et al. took to construct efficient lattice-based threshold PKEs. We build an MPC for the decryption algorithm of OW-CPA secure Classic McEliece PKE. This scheme has the shortest ciphertext among the three schemes at just 192 bytes. Compared to the regular CCA secure Classic McEliece PKE, the additional ciphertext length is only 100 bytes. The cons are heavy distributed computation in the decryption process.
Concept for the automated adaption of abstract planning domains for specific application cases in skills-based industrial robotics
Authors: Heuss Lisa , Gebauer Daniel , Reinhart Gunther
Published: October 2023

High product diversity, dynamic market conditions, and a lack of skilled workers are current challenges in manufacturing. Industrial robots autonomously planning and completing upcoming production tasks can help companies address these challenges. In this publication, we focus on autonomous task planning within industrial robotics and investigate how to facilitate the use of automated planning techniques from the field of artificial intelligence for this purpose. First, we present a novel methodology to automatically adapt abstractly modeled planning domains to the characteristics of individual application cases a user intends to implement. A planning domain is a formalized representation of the robot’s working environment that builds the basis for automated planning. Second, we integrate this approach into the procedure for developing skills-based industrial robotic applications to enable them to perform autonomous task planning. Finally, we demonstrate the use of the methodology within the application field kitting in two reference scenarios with a mobile robot and a stationary robot cell. Using our methodology, persons without expertise in automated planning can enable a robot for autonomous task planning without much extra effort.