bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Network Resources Optimization through Regional Computing forVehicular Big Data
Authors: Khan Sajid Ullah , Badshah Afzal , Alharbi Meshal , Saleem Tahir , Reman Ghani Ur , Khan Faheem
Published: April 2024

The transportation system is shifting toward an Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). Research shows that a singleAutonomous Vehicle (AV) can generate up to 1 Terabyte (TB) datadaily. Data processing occurs in real-time at the vehicle edge to facilitate navigation. However, some of this data is sent to the cloudfor real-time navigation support for other AVs. Even slight delayscan have significant consequences for these vehicles. All AV datais also necessary in the cloud for navigation and training purposes.Unfortunately, the massive volume of Vehicular Big Data (VBD)congests public networks, making real-time communication unfeasible. This study proposes Regional Computing (RC) as a solution,enabling real-time updates and navigation for AVs. Compared toedge servers, RC offers sufficient resources and considerably reduceddelays and costs compared to Cloud Computing (CC). RC substantially reduces communication delay, cost, and network congestion.
Association of Diabetes with Cardiovascular Calcification and All-Cause Mortality in Nephropathic Patients on Maintenance Hemodialysis Early: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Li Qingxian , Li Peishan , Xu Zigan , Lu ZeYuan , Yang Chuan , Ning Jie
Published: April 2024

Background:
The main goal of this study was to examine how diabetes and cardiovascular calcification characteristics, and other risk factors affect mortality in end-stage renal disease patients undergoing early hemodialysis.
Methods:
285 nephropathic patients with hemodialysis early were enrolled in this research, including 101 patients with diabetes. Survival time was monitored, and general data, biochemical results, cardiac ultrasound calcification of valvular tissue, and thoracic CT calcification of coronary artery and thoracic aorta were recorded. Subgroup analysis and logistic regression were applied to investigate the association between diabetes and calcification. Cox regression analysis and Kaplan-Meier survival curve examined the relationship between calcification, diabetes, and all-cause mortality. Additionally, the nomogram model was utilized to estimate the probability of survival for these individuals, and its performance was evaluated using risk stratification, ROC curves, decision curves, and calibration curves.
Results:
CVC was found in 82 (81.2%) 101 diabetics and 62 (33.7%) of 184 non-diabetics. Diabetic patients had lower phosphorus levels, calcium, calcium-phosphorus products, plasma PTH, and lower albumin (P<0.001). People with diabetes are more likely to have calcification than non-diabetics (OR 5.66, 95% CI 1.96-16.36, P<0.001). The risk of death was higher for the combination of both diabetes and calcification (14/62, 22.58%). Diabetes and calcification count, combined with other factors, can jointly predict the risk of death in early HD patients. The nomogram model did an excellent job of explaining the difference between high-risk and low-risk people. It had the highest discriminatory power (AUC = 0.975), the best calibration agreement at low to intermediate risk levels, and the most net benefit across a wide range of clinical decision thresholds.
Conclusions:
Diabetes increases the risk of cardiovascular calcification, especially multi-site calcifications. And diabetes and cardiovascular calcification have a higher mortality rate. Meanwhile, risk scores and nomograms can assist clinicians in predicting a patient's risk of death and in providing individualized treatment to lower mortality rates.
Service Preferences among Postpartum Women (non-)affected by different Types of Intimate Partner Violence: Insights from the INVITE Study
Authors: Hausmann Laura , Seefeld Lara , Mojahed Amera , Mack Judith T. , Garthus-Niegel Susan , Schellong Julia
Published: April 2024

Background: Women in the postpartum period are at greater risk of intimate partner violence (IPV), which may cause physical, sexual, or psychological harm and have a long-lasting negative impact on mother and child. Seeking help in case of IPV in the postpartum period can be difficult. The purpose of this study was to examine service preferences among postpartum women in Germany (non-)affected by IPV.
Methods: In the cross-sectional study INVITE, postpartum mothers (n = 3,509) were interviewed via telephone. Using the WHO-Violence Against Women Instrument (WHO-VAWI), women were divided into groups: non-affected women and women affected by psychological, physical, and/or sexual IPV. Using analyses of variance, group differences regarding preferred service domains (psychosocial services, medical services, and midwives) and modes of service provision (direct and indirect) were assessed.
Results: People from the women's social environment (e.g., family, friends) and specialized IPV services, such as women's shelters, were the most preferred support. Regarding service categories, women who experienced any type of IPV rated all three service domains less likely to be used than non-affected women. Most preferred provision mode was “in person”. Women affected by physical and/or sexual IPV rated direct modes more negatively than non-affected women. However, there were no differences between (non-)affected women regarding indirect modes, such as e-mails or apps.
Discussion: The present results indicate that services were rated less likely to be used by postpartum women affected by IPV. Potential barriers which lead to these ratings need to be investigated. Efforts should be made to increase awareness of IPV and the beneficial effects of support.
QuantiFERON SARS-CoV-2 assay for the evaluation of cellular immunity after immunization with mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Dourdouna Maria-Myrto , Kourlaba Georgia , Michos Athanasios
Published: April 2024

A systematic review and meta-analysis was performed to evaluate the virus-specific T-cell response after COVID-19 mRNA vaccination, using the QuantiFERON-SARS-CoV-2 Interferon-γ Release Assay. A search was conducted (June 8, 2023) in the PUBMED, SCOPUS and medRxiv databases, to identify studies reporting the QuantiFERON-SARS-CoV-2 [Starter (two Antigen tubes) or Starter+Extended Pack (three Antigen tubes), cut-off³0.15IU/mL] Positivity Rate (PR) in immunocompetent adults, following the administration of two or three COVID-19 mRNA vaccine doses. Study quality was evaluated with the Critical Appraisal Skills Program Tool. A meta-analysis was conducted using a Random-Effects model. Heterogeneity and publication bias were assessed. Eleven eligible studies (with 5-75 vaccinated immunocompetent participants) were identified. For COVID-19-naive participants, £3 months after the second dose, the pooled PR (Random-Effects model) was 81 [95% Confidence Interval (95%CI):71-92]%. Comparing the Starter vs. the Starter+Extended Pack, a significant difference in PRs was detected (79.3% vs. 92.2%, p-value=0.039). At 3-6 and >6 months after the second dose and at ³3 months after the third dose, the pooled PRs were 59(95%CI:45-72)%, 79(95%CI:66-92)% and 66(95%CI:50-82)%, respectively. For convalescent participants, ³6 months after the third dose, the pooled PR was 81(95%CI:67-92)%. In conclusion, following the second or third COVID-19 mRNA vaccine, QuantiFERON-SARS-CoV-2 detected positive responses in a certain percentage of the vaccinees. This detection was higher when the Starter+Extended Pack was used. Possible explanations for the assay’s negative results in a subset of the participants could be: waning immunity, reduced sensitivity compared to other T-cell assays or lack of T-cell response induction in some vaccinees.
(PROSPERO Registration Number:CRD42023431315)
The Interaction Efficiency of Different Visual Areas on a Virtual Reality Device Screen: Standing versus Sitting Posture
Authors: Li Jutao , Yuan Jingxuan , huang Yanqun , Liang Xiaotian , Huang Xueqin , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2024

User posture can have an impact on cognition. Virtual reality (VR) devices extend the traditional two-dimensional interface into a three-dimensional space, necessitating some changes in body posture for users to interact between both. This study evaluated the interaction efficiency of standing versus sitting postures and the four corners of interface in VR environments. Thirty-five participants took part in the experiment, which measured the time they spent on searching and selecting targets under different conditions. With a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), the results indicated that the interaction efficiency of participants in a sitting posture was generally higher than that in a standing posture. When searching for targets on the left side, participants spent less time in both standing and sitting postures than on other areas. Specifically, searching for targets in the top-left corner took less time in a standing posture than other areas, while searching for targets in the bottom-left corner took less time in a sitting posture. The results suggested that posture also influenced cognitive performance in VR environments. Moreover, the high interaction efficiency could be achieved when the interface was placed at the top-left corner in a standing posture and at the bottom-left corner in a sitting posture. These findings could provide insights for VR developers on interaction design, enhancing optimal interface design according to different user postures to ensure expected interaction efficiency and user experience.
Correlation of Malnutrition and Disease Development, Prognosis in Old Patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 from a Observational Study
Authors: Ren Wei-Xia , Ge Jian , Jiang Man , Zhu Tong , Huang Fei , Fan Jinghua , Yuan Jun-Hua
Published: April 2024

Background This research focus on the discussion of malnutrition in elderly COVID-19 patients, primarily including anemia and hypoalbuminemia, and its impact on the severity and prognosis of novel coronavirus pneumonia.
Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 163 elderly COVID-19 patients discharged (including deaths) from Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University from December 19, 2022, to February 3, 2023. The patients were divided into four groups based on their hemoglobin levels at admission: normal, mild anemia, moderate anemia, and severe anemia. They were also divided into four groups based on their albumin levels at admission: normal, mild hypoalbuminemia, moderate hypoalbuminemia, and severe hypoalbuminemia. The proportions of severe COVID-19 pneumonia, hospital stay, intubation rate, ICU admission rate, and mortality rate were compared among the groups to determine if there were any statistically significant differences.
Results
Statistical tests were conducted to examine the correlation between anemia and different levels of anemia with the severity of COVID-19. Both of these factors showed no significant correlation (P>0.05). A statistical test was also conducted to examine the correlation between anemia and patient outcomes, and it was found that patients with anemia had a positive correlation with the mortality rate (P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation (P>0.05) between the severity of anemia and patient outcomes. Statistical tests were performed to examine the correlation between blood levels of albumin and the severity of COVID-19, and a positive correlation was found (P<0.05). However, there was no significant correlation (P>0.05) between the severity of hypoalbuminemia and the severity of COVID-19. Both the presence of hypoalbuminemia and different levels of albumin were positively correlated with the mortality rate (P<0.05).
Conclusions Patients with anemia have no significant correlation with the severity of COVID-19, but have significant correlation with the mortality rate; while patients with hypoalbuminemia are not only positively correlated with the severity of COVID-19 but also with the mortality rate.
Study of Thermal Safety Characteristics of Nanoscale Nitrocellulose/Stabilizer Composite Materials
Authors: Cheng Xue-Ning , Xu Guo-Zhong , Liu Hao , Han Zhong-Xuan , Li Mi , Jiang Lin
Published: April 2024

Nitrocellulose (NC) is widely utilized in the fields of propellants and launchers. Nanoscale modification can effectively enhance its combustion performance by shortening the mass and heat transfer distance. However, it also presents greater safety challenges for storage and application. To further investigate the thermal safety characteristics of nanoscale NC, this study explores the impact of additives on nanoscale NC. Nanoscale NC was prepared via electrospinning, and the samples were meticulously characterized using a Focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB/SEM) to examine the influence of spinning solution concentration and stabilizer on sample morphology, leading to the formulation determination. Triphenylamine (TPA) and Lithium carbonate (Li2CO3) were selected as additives to create nanoscale NC with additives. Samples containing these additives were prepared using both electrospinning and traditional mechanical mixing methods. Subsequently, Thermogravimetric Analysis-Differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) under various heating rates were conducted on six different samples prepared through different methods and with distinct additives to analyze the thermal decomposition reaction characteristics. The study also compared the impact of nanoscale modification on the thermal performance of composite nitrocellulose. By employing various model-free methods, the relationship between activation energy and conversion rate was calculated and the alteration in activation energy was analyzed. Considering the thermal decomposition characteristic parameters, the study delved into the stabilizing effect of typical stabilizers in nanocomposite fibers. This research is instrumental in guiding the optimization of preparation processes and promoting the application of NC-stabilizer mixtures, while offering valuable references for the preparation and thermal stability investigations of similar nanomaterials.
Comparison of four different detection techniques on copy number variations in preimplantation genetic testing: a retrospective study
Authors: Luo Wen , Zou Juanjuan , Zheng Yi-Min , Hao Yan , Zhou Ping , Wei Zhaolian , Cao Yunxia , Chen Dawei
Published: April 2024

Background: We aimed to explore the distinctions among four different methods for copy number variations (CNVs) detection, while also striving to identify the most optimal detection method tailored to CNVs of varying sizes.
Methods: To investigate the detection rates and accuracy of four different CNVs testing techniques, we analysed the archived data from 16 couples undergoing PGT at the Reproductive Medical Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from 2021 to 2023. All couples carried CNVs between one or both partners.
Results: In this study, the detection rates of the four methods were comparable. In contrast, our findings revealed a significant difference in the rates of blastocysts failing quality control among the four methods (P=0.034). Additionally, the rates of undetermined blastocysts from low-coverage whole-genome sequencing (lc-WGS) at 1 Mb and 4 Mb resolution were notably higher than those in the other groups, although the statistical differences were not significant (P=0.078). Moreover, no significant differences were observed in the success rates of embryo transfer.
Conclusion: Multiplex PCR sequencing of target SNP loci is limited to detecting the target region and cannot identify CNVs outside that specific region. Regardless of cost, whole-genome SNP genotyping is the recommended method for kilobase-level CNVs. In addition, for CNVs ranging from 1–4 Mb, low-coverage WGS is anticipated to be the optimal choice in the future. We believe that our study will inform on the subsequent provision of diverse PGT approaches for patients with different CNVs.
Molecular characterization of the residual disease after neoadjuvant endocrine therapy in ER+/HER2- breast cancer uncovers biomarkers of tumour response
Authors: López-Velazco Joanna I. , Manzano Sara , Elorriaga Kepa , Otaño Maria , Lahuerta Ainhara , Álvarez Luis , Etxabe Inge , Huarte Miren , Buch Elvira , Gimenez Julia , Quiroga Vanesa , Fernandez Marta , Aragón Sofía , Paré Laia , Prat Aleix , Alvarez Isabel , Caffarel Maria M. , Urruticoechea Ander
Published: April 2024

Background Neoadjuvant endocrine therapy (NET) in oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) /HER2-negative (HER2-) breast cancer (BC) allows an in vivo evaluation of treatment sensitivity by the monitoring of tumour response and offers the opportunity of personalized BC therapy. However, the lack of reproducible biomarkers to assess response and long-term prognosis after NET, beyond Ki67 levels and preoperative endocrine prognostic index score (mPEPI), is a significant barrier to increase its indications.
Methods In this study we searched clinically relevant molecular reporters of NET response and prognosis in a multicentre population of ER+/HER2- BC patients by using: PAM50 gene expression panel, protein evaluation of key proteins involved in tumorigenesis and HER2-Low status evaluation.
Results On a cohort of 131 patients our results show that PAM50 categorization (Luminal A vs Luminal B and ROR high vs ROR Low) predicts response to NET, with Luminal A and low ROR score tumours showing better response and prognosis than Luminal B and high ROR score. Moreover, tumours changing from Luminal A to Normal-like after NET presented a significant larger decrease in Ki67 levels at surgery, lower mPEPI score and a lower tumour cellularity size than those with persistent Luminal A status. In addition, we identify that the percentage of p53 positive cells in pre- and post-NET samples are associated with response or prognosis to NET.
Conclusion Our findings highlight the change of intrinsic subtype to normal-like after NET as a putative biomarker characterizing a population that benefit highly from NET. If considered conjointly with the pathologic evaluation of response, we could characterize a tumour population benefiting most from endocrine approach and bearing a potential very good prognosis.
Blood ammonia concentration measurement – effects of sampling site and cirrhosis during induced hyperammonaemia
Authors: Djernes Lars , Vilstrup Hendrik , Ott Peter , Eriksen Peter Lykke
Published: April 2024

Background: Ammonia is implicated in hepatic encephalopathy (HE) and prognostic in cirrhosis. Venous ammonia concentration, yielding similar correlation with HE grades as arterial, has become the preferred practise but comparative data are limited.
Aim: To quantify effect of sampling site on ammonia concentration in healthy persons and patients with cirrhosis.
Methods: Ammonia concentrations were measured by arterial and femoral venous blood sampling in ten healthy men and ten male patients with cirrhosis before and during hyperammonaemia induced by ammonia infusion. Cubital vein samples were included during the infusion.
Results: At baseline, arterial-venous concentration gaps were similar (p=0.15) in healthy persons [14 (10–19) and 8 (4–12) µmol/L] and patients with cirrhosis [53 (32–74) and 40 (23–57) µmol/L]. Ammonia infusion increased arterial-venous concentration gaps in both groups [115 (97–133) and 61 (31–90) vs. 175 (123–227) and 134 (65–203) µmol/L]. Mean ammonia concentration difference between groups during hyperammonaemia was 72 (42–103) μmol/L (p<0.001) and independent of sampling site. Cubital and femoral vein concentrations were comparable (p = 0.26). In cirrhosis, calculated upper limit normal values (ULN) were comparable for arterial and venous blood at baseline [2.0 (1.2–2.8) and 2.1 (1.2–3.0), p=0.74] and during hyperammonaemia [6.7 (4.7–8.7) and 6.2 (4.4– 8.1), p=0.44].
Conclusions: We found clinically meaningful intra-individual arterial-venous concentration gaps in both healthy persons and patients with cirrhosis at any ammonia concentration. Inter-group concentration differences after induced hyperammonaemia were relatively constant across sampling sites which supports clinical use of venous sampling. ULN-normalised ammonia concentrations were valid for both arterial and venous sampling.
Sexual Harassment Policy at a Higher Education Institution: Knowledge and Perceptions of Undergraduate Students
Authors: Mbatha S , Steyn Jean
Published: April 2024

Background
‘University of uThukela is a placebo name used to protect the identity of the institution.’
Sexual harassment in higher education institutions appears to be an ongoing deplorable and dreadful matter for students. This study seeks to establish a rich understanding of the knowledge and perceptions that students at the ‘University of uThukela’ have on sexual harassment and its policies, and the role played by the policy in the institution in educating students about sexual harassment, with the intent to prevent and deter sexual harassment.
Methods
The study used a Qualitative exploratory design, focusing on the Interpretivist paradigm in understanding issues of sexual harassment. More specifically, the study used semi-structured individual interviews to sexual harassment staff members responsible for sexual harassment implementation within the ‘University of uThukela’ and external experts. Furthermore, focus group discussions, and a knowledge test to undergraduate students in two departments as measuring instruments. Self-selection (volunteer) and snowball sampling were used to identify the research participants.
Results
This study has revealed that sexual harassment is prevalent in the ‘University of uThukela’. Student participants indicated general knowledge of sexual harassment. However, they showed poor knowledge of the institution’s policy. Findings further revealed that the institution lacks sufficiently trained individuals receiving cases of sexual harassment. According to the interviewed support specialists, findings show that the latter impacted students’ academic performance, health, and social life.
Conclusion
It is recommended that the institution educates students about sexual harassment policies, the definitions, and types of sexual harassment. Ensuring consistent training and implementation of personnel policies and practices, to further create a safe and inclusive learning environment.
FAM111B knockdown attenuates tumorigenesis of ovarian cancer via the down regulation of MYC
Authors: Yu Guoyu , Wei Fang , Li Wanying , Guo Qiuyun , Zhang Lihong
Published: April 2024

Background Ovarian cancer, a prevalent malignancy with the highest fatality rate among gynecological cancers, continues to face challenges in the development of effective targeted therapy approaches. While the FAM111B gene has been implicated in various cancer types, its specific role in ovarian cancer remains poorly understood.
Methods The ES2 and A2780 ovarian cell lines were used to explore the cellular proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in FAM111B knockdown experiments. The mouse tumor model was constructed to investigate the impact of FAM111B silencing in vivo. Tissue microarray was used to explore the prognostic value of different FAM111B expression level. Western blotting assay, MYC overexpression rescue experiments, protein transcriptomics and bioinformatics analysis were employed to explore the downstream molecular mechanism of FAM111B.
Results The in vitro experiments indicated that the inhibition of FAM111B resulted in decreased cellular proliferation, migration, invasion, and EMT in ovarian cancer cell lines. The suppression of FAM111B resulted in the suppression of tumor growth in a mouse xenograft model. Immunohistochemistry analyses conducted on tissue-microarray samples obtained from patients with serous ovarian cancer indicated that elevated levels of FAM111B expression were associated with unfavorable prognostic outcomes. The silencing of FAM111B mechanistically suppressed MYC expression, with subsequent MYC overexpression reversing the phenotypic suppression caused by FAM111B silencing. Additionally, protein transcriptomics analysis indicated that FAM111B is implicated in genetic information processing via the MYC pathway, underscoring its central role in ovarian cancer tumorigenesis.
Conclusions These findings suggest that FAM111B may serve as a novel biomarker and potential therapeutic target for ovarian cancer.
Effectiveness and safety of remimazolam tosilate versus propofol in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy: A randomized controlled trial.
Authors: Li Dong-Bin , Wang Yu , Xing Yang , Zhao Zi-Cen , Chang Li-Ya , Leng Yu-Fang
Published: April 2024

Background
Remimazolam tosilate and propofol are commonly used sedatives. However, there are few reports that compare the effectiveness and safety of remimazolam with those of propofol combined with alfentanil.
Aim
This trial compared the effectiveness and safety of remimazolam with those of propofol in patients undergoing painless gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Methods
One hundred and sixty-six eligible patients who underwent painless gastrointestinal endoscopy under intravenous anaesthesia were randomly divided into 2 groups: the propofol control group (Group P) and the remimazolam group (Group R). The primary outcomes were perioperative haemodynamic variables. The secondary outcomes included induction and awakening time, patient satisfaction, operator satisfaction, drug injection pain, hypoxemia, hypotension, bradycardia, limb movement, hiccups, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and 4 times or more drug additions.
Results
Compared with those in Group P, the SBP in Group R was significantly higher at T1, T2, T3, and T6 (P < 0.05); the DBP and MAP were significantly higher at T1, T2, T3, T5, and T6 (P < 0.05); the HR was significantly faster at T1 to T6 (P < 0.05); the SpO2 was significantly higher at T1 to T4 (P < 0.05); the incidences of intraoperative hypoxemia, hypotension, and drug injection pain were significantly lower in Group R (P < 0.05); the incidence of intraoperative hiccups was higher (P < 0.05); the awakening time was shorter in Group R (P < 0.05); and the operator satisfaction score was high (P < 0.05).
Conclusions
Remimazolam, in combination with alfentanil, is utilized for painless gastrointestinal endoscopy,which has a short awakening time, minimal circulatory and respiratory effects, and low incidence of adverse events.
Clinical trial registration
This trial protocol was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCR2300077252, date: 2023 11 02)
Physiological Targets for Orthostatic Hypotension: Improving Nonpharmacological Interventions in Patients with Orthostatic Cerebral Hypoperfusion
Authors: Criado José R. , Kalafut Mary A.
Published: April 2024

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a form of orthostatic intolerance (OI) and a key physiological indicator of autonomic dysfunction that is associated with an increased risk of major cerebrocardiovascular events. Symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion have been reported in patients with OH, which worsens symptoms and increases the risk of syncope. Since pharmacological interventions increase blood pressure (BP) independent of posture and do not restore normal baroreflex control, nonpharmacological treatments are considered the foundation of OH management. While reductions in cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFv) during orthostatic stress are associated with a decrease in end-tidal CO2 (EtCO2) and hypocapnia in patients with OI, their contribution to the severity of OH is not well understood. These measures have been physiological targets in a wide variety of biofeedback interventions. This study explored the relationship between cardiovascular autonomic control, EtCO2 and cerebral hypoperfusion in patients (N=71) referred for OI. Patients with systolic OH were more likely to be male, older, demonstrate reduced adrenal and vagal baroreflex sensitivity, and reduced cardiovagal control during head-up tilt (HUT) than patients without systolic OH. Greater reduction in CBFv during HUT was associated with a larger reduction in ETCO2 and systolic BP during HUT. While deficits in cardiovascular autonomic control played a more important role in systolic OH, reduced EtCO2 was a major contributor to orthostatic cerebral hypoperfusion. These findings suggest that biofeedback treatments targeting both the autonomic nervous system and EtCO2 should be part of nonpharmacological interventions complementing the standard of care in OH patients with symptoms of cerebral hypoperfusion.
Wie ein Spielzeug zum Helfer in Kinderbefragungen werden kann
Authors: Naab Thorsten , Abraham Moritz
Published: April 2024

In den vergangenen Jahrzehnten hat sich in zahlreichen Disziplinen der Kindheitsforschung ein Paradigmenwechsel von der Forschung über Kinder hin zur Forschung mit Kindern vollzogen. Zahlreiche Forschungsprojekte befragen daher Kinder direkt nach ihren Ansichten und Vorstellungen. Der vorliegende Beitrag gibt Einblick in die Möglichkeiten zur Umsetzung standardisierter Kinderbefragungen mithilfe von Audiostiften. Dazu werden zunächst die wesentlichen Anforderungen standardisierter Befragungen an Kinder, Interviewende sowie Erhebungsinstrument und -situation diskutiert und die entsprechenden Potenziale von Audio-Stiften herausgearbeitet: Kinder können mithilfe eines Audiostifts einen Fragebogen weitestgehend ohne Unterstützung durch erwachsene Interviewer:innen und unabhängig von ihrer Lesekompetenz bearbeiten. Dadurch lassen sich unerwünschte Interviewer:inneneffekte deutlich reduzieren. Während sich einfache Befragungsprojekte auch mit den von den Herstellern implementierten Funktionen umsetzen lassen, wird im Beitrag auch eine Möglichkeit zur technischen Adaption eines Audiostifts aufgezeigt, um die Einsatzmöglichkeiten zu erweitern. Abschliessend werden die Erfahrungen eines ersten Praxistests und die identifizierten Herausforderungen und Optimierungspotenziale für die Instrumentenentwicklung thematisiert.
Summer Hedge Pruning of Pecan in the Southeastern United States
Authors: Wells Lenny
Published: April 2024

Hedge pruning has been used in southeastern US pecan (Carya illinoinensis) orchards for ∼10 to 15 years and has become common in the region within the past 5 years. However, questions remain regarding how pecan trees in the southeastern United States will respond to hedge pruning into the hot summer months in a humid environment. Two treatments were evaluated for ‘Creek’ and ‘Caddo’ pecan: dormant hedge-pruned (Jan–Feb 2019 and 2022) and summer hedge-pruned (Jun 2019 and 2020). Summer hedge pruning did not affect pecan yield, nut weight, or percent kernel compared with dormant-season pruning. Length of shoot regrowth was reduced significantly by summer hedge pruning compared with dormant-season hedge pruning. The advantages of hedge pruning ‘Creek’ and ‘Caddo’ from the dormant season through midsummer can help transition southeastern US pecan production to a more profitable and sustainable system.
Analysis of miRNAs: Biomarkers for HER2-Targeted Breast Cancer Therapy
Authors: Vo Thanh Hoa , O’Donovan Orla , McNeela Edel , Mehta Jai Prakash , Rani Sweta
Published: April 2024

Breast cancer remains a leading lethal cancer in women globally, with the HER2+ positive subtype associated with a higher chance of therapeutic resistance. Treatments tailored specifically to this subtype, such as targeted therapies, have significantly developed over the past decade. However, the issue of drug resistance to targeted drugs underlines the necessity of better treatment approaches. Recent studies have focused on microRNAs (miRNAs), single-stranded non-coding RNAs, as critical regulators in drug resistance mechanisms. These miRNAs, capable of influencing various cellular processes, have emerged as critical modulators in numerous diseases, including different cancer types, particularly breast cancer. This article reviews current methodologies in the study of miRNAs within the context of HER2-positive breast cancer, from the selection of study models and sample extraction to comprehensive analysis methods. Our objective is to highlight the potential that miRNAs hold as biomarkers capable of regulating drug resistance in this specific cancer subtype. Moreover, we also discuss the importance of integrating advanced study models alongside the latest bioinformatics tools to enrich this research domain. Furthermore, this article evaluates the use of clinical samples and cell line models for studying miRNAs in this field, outlining the advantages and limitations of each method and proposing a refined approach to research design. The main contribution of this work is the establishment of a detailed taxonomy of research strategies that address current challenges while also outlining promising future directions, particularly focused on elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs in therapeutic resistance in breast cancer. In addition, by underscoring the necessity of employing a diverse array of study models and capitalizing on bioinformatics advancements, this article seeks to uncover the complex interactions between miRNAs and drug resistance mechanisms in breast cancer. Ultimately, our goal is to pave the way toward overcoming therapeutic resistance, thereby improving the prognosis for patients afflicted with HER2-positive breast cancer.
Impact of integrated reporting on firm value and earnings quality as a moderator in Southeast Asia
Authors: Prastowo Darminto Dwi , Lysandra Shanti , Dinda Mulyadi Humaira , Ahmar Nurmala
Published: April 2024

The study analyzes the factors influencing integrated reporting and its implications for firm value with earnings quality as a moderating variable. The study was conducted on energy sector companies on stock exchanges of several Southeast Asian countries. The selection is due to Southeast Asia’s vulnerability to global market sentiment changes related to financial and sustainability aspects. The study employed the SEM-PLS analysis method. 208 data from 26 companies over 8 years were used. The investigation affirms that leverage, age, and board size have positively impacted integrated reporting. Firm size, growth, and board independence have a negative impact on integrated reporting. Profitability, board activity, and stakeholder pressure have not significantly influenced integrated reporting, but integrated reporting positively impacts firm value. Additionally, earnings quality does not moderate the influence of integrated reporting on firm value. The study provides insights for companies to improve the presentation of high-quality information to stakeholders. Increasing the firm value of energy companies in Southeast Asian countries needs to be done as a progressive concern for environmental impacts and sustainably creating integrated reporting. 
Investigation of Diaporthe phaseolorum Chemical Compounds toward Mass Spectral Molecular Networking and in silico Substructure Annotation
Authors: Moura Mariana , Bellete Barbara , Soares Marcos Antônio , Vieira Lucas , Sampaio Olívia
Published: April 2024

Diaporthe phaseolorum, an endophyte isolated from Combretum lanceolatum, has exhibited diverse biological activities including antimicrobial, leishmanicidal, antitumoral, and herbicidal properties. Regardless of these activities, there remains limited research on its chemical constituents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the metabolome of D. phaseolorum employing mass spectrometry data dereplication through molecular networking and MolNetEnhancer tools. Twenty-two molecular families were annotated, including prenol lipids, benzenoids, organoheterocyclic compounds, and nucleosides. Among the 41 nodes annotated, 36 metabolites were confirmed via spectral references, including alismol, farnesol, linoleic acid, tyramine, N-acetyl-tyramine, 5-methoxy-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde, 6-pentyl-2H-pyran-2-one, and adenosine. Further node annotation was achieved through MolNetEnhancer, resulting in the classification of an additional 68 nodes into various molecular families. Consequently, this study represents a significant contribution to the identification of the D. phaseolorum metabolome, highlighting its secondary metabolites and providing valuable chemical insights to elucidate its demonstrated biological activities.
Geotechnical characterization of the lateritic soil profile. Moa, Cuba
Authors: Riverón Saldívar Amalia Beatriz , Carménate Fernández José Alejandro
Published: April 2024

This paper presents the results of the study of the physical and geotechnical properties of the vertical profile of lateritic soils. The study analyses the different zones of the profile. The study of the physical-mechanical properties is carried out according to the unified soil classification system. The mineralogical composition is determined by DRx and the chemical composition by ICP-AES. Among the physical properties analysed are particle size distribution, specific weight of solid particles, dry density and porosity, pore index, moisture and degree of saturation, plasticity, angle of internal friction and cohesion. The upper ferricretic layer is characterized by a sandy-gravelly grain size, whilst in the limonitic, transition and saprolitic zones the silt-clay fraction predominates.
Study on the Mechanism of Competing Endogenous Network of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata- Radix Scutellariae' in the Treatment of NSCLC based on Bioinformatics, Molecular Dynamics and Experimental Verification
Authors: Wu Lulu , Xu Bo , Qi Yu , Yuan Changjin
Published: April 2024

Introduction:

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most common type of lung
cancer. Traditional Chinese medicine, known for its multi-target and multi-pathway characteristics,
offers a potential treatment approach for NSCLC.

Objective:

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the competitive endogenous network
of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata-Radix Scutellariae' in treating NSCLC
through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments.

objective:

This study aimed to explore the mechanism of the competitive endogenous network of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata-Radix Scutellariae' in treating NSCLC through bioinformatics analysis and in vitro experiments.

Materials and Methods:

Various databases and ceRNA networks were utilized to collect and
screen components and target genes, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to
determine the binding ability of ligand-receptor complexes. In vitro experiments were conducted
to validate the effects of active ingredients of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata-
Radix Scutellariae' on non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549.

method:

Various databases and ceRNA networks were utilized to collect and screen components and target genes, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations to determine the binding ability of ligand-receptor complexes. In vitro experiments were conducted to validate the effects of active ingredients of 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata-Radix Scutellariae' on non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549.

Results:

The key target proteins CCL2, EDN1, MMP9, PPARG, and SPP1 were docked well
with their corresponding TCM ligands. Among the ligand-receptor complexes, MMP9-Luteolin
and MMP9-Quercetin demonstrated the weaking binding force, while the SPP1-Quercetin complex,
associated with NSCLC prognosis, exhibited stable structure formation through hydrogen
bond interaction during MD simulation. In vitro experiments confirmed the inhibitory effect of
Quercetin on SPP1 expression, as well as the proliferation and migration of A549 cells.

Conclusion:

The findings suggest that 'Scutellaria barbata D.Don-Houttuynia cordata-Radix
Scutellariae' may potentially treat lung cancer by suppressing the expression of SPP1. This
study provides valuable insights and novel research directions for understanding the mechanism
of traditional Chinese medicine in combating lung cancer.
Synthesis of Gem-Dimethyl Bicyclic [3.1.0] Proline as an Antiviral Drug Intermediate
Authors: Lei Qianqian , Wu Zaoduan , Ye Yu , Xie Huifang , Zhang Chen , Yang Xiangqi , Li Bangbang , Xu Hao , Yang Zehua
Published: April 2024

Gem-dimethyl bicyclic [3.1.0] proline, an azadicyclohexane derivative, constitutes a
prevalent skeleton structure in drugs, which serves an important role in the synthesis of antiviral
drugs, such as Nirmatrelvir, Boceprevir, Narlaprevir, etc. This study offers a comprehensive overview
of the documented synthetic strategies for gem-dimethyl bicyclic [3.1.0] proline methyl ester
and delves into the application characteristics of each synthetic strategy. These synthetic approaches
can be divided into three major types: the first synthetic method uses proline derivatives as the
starting material, the second one uses cyclopropane derivatives as the starting material, and the
third one uses the bicyclic skeleton as the starting material. Of these strategies, the third method
stands out as the most extensively adopted.
La seguridad humana y su implementación en la operación de las Fuerzas Armadas
Authors: Luque-Juárez José María
Published: April 2024

Mediante un análisis documental, este artículo explora la definición de seguridad humana y su implementación en la gestión de las Fuerzas Armadas. Se busca responder cómo pueden salvaguardarse las libertades y derechos que abarca la seguridad humana desde las instituciones del Estado social de derecho. A través de la revisión documental, se demuestra que esta no es responsabilidad exclusiva de una sola institución, sino que requiere un trabajo articulado de todos los actores comprometidos con estas libertades, con base en una política integral de Estado. Se concluye que el debate gira en torno a cómo lograr la seguridad humana mediante el desempeño militar sin descuidar su misión constitucional de protección. Es necesario, por tanto, armonizar la promoción humana y las capacidades de las Fuerzas Armadas sin comprometer su mandato constitucional.
Multilateralismo en la política exterior colombiana de 2018-2022, una lectura desde el realismo neoclásico
Authors: González-Parias Carlos Hernán , Duarte-Herrera Lisbeth Katherine , Builes-Tobón Carlos Alberto , Arango-Avendaño Alexander
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza el ejercicio del multilateralismo en la política exterior colombiana en el periodo 2018-2022, con base en el realismo neoclásico, considerando que la percepción de los tomadores de decisiones y los estímulos sistémicos inciden en la política exterior. Para ello, se analizaron tres casos de ejercicio multilateral de la política exterior colombiana: el retiro de Unasur, su liderazgo en la creación de Prosur y su participación en el Grupo de Lima. La metodología, cualitativa, se basó en la revisión de fuentes oficiales y diversos textos. Se concluye que la política exterior colombiana en dicho periodo fue resultado de la lectura y percepción de los estímulos externos, esto es, las sanciones de Estados Unidos a Venezuela, la pérdida de liderazgo regional de Brasil y el retorno de gobiernos de derecha en América Latina, entre otros fenómenos.
La articulación de los litorales de Colombia como Zona Marítima Estratégica
Authors: Alvarez-Calderon Carlos Enrique , Trujillo-Rosero Andrés Julián , García-Torres Jorge Alfonso
Published: April 2024

Este artículo analiza la importancia estratégica de la hidropolítica en la actualidad a partir de la competencia entre grandes potencias en las zonas marítimas estratégicas más significativas, con el fin de comprender la posición geográfica especial que ocupa Colombia, sus desafíos y oportunidades, como punto intermedio deconexión entre el norte y el sur de América y con acceso a los océanos Atlántico y Pacífico. Para aprovechar su potencial geoestratégico, se plantea que el país debe reconectar sus litorales y desarrollar una conexión biocéanica en el Chocó, como un imperativo hidropolítico prioritario, para establecer una Zona Marítima Estratégica que proyecte y desarrolle su poder geoestratégico en el sistema internacional actual.
Surfactant Therapy in Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Eui Kyung Choi
Published: April 2024

Respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is the leading cause of neonatal respiratory morbidity and mortality. Advancements in neonatal care, along with extended insurance coverage, have resulted in increased utilization of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) for RDS. This has contributed to a decrease in neonatal mortality. The primary mode of respiratory support in infants with RDS has dramatically changed over the last decades, transitioning from invasive to noninvasive support. Therefore, less invasive surfactant therapy has emerged as a widely adopted approach for SRT, establishing itself as a standard method in preterm infants’ care. This review addresses pulmonary surfactant, from its discovery to application in newborns with RDS. It also reviews the history of guidelines of SRT and health insurance issues. Future studies should evaluate various emerging noninvasive respiratory support modalities along with SRT for the respiratory management of neonates, given the lack of sufficient evidence regarding these approaches.
Digital Remote Monitoring Using an mHealth Solution for Survivors of Cancer: Protocol for a Pilot Observational Study
Authors: Innominato Pasquale F , Macdonald Jamie H , Saxton Wendy , Longshaw Laura , Granger Rachel , Naja Iman , Allocca Carlo , Edwards Ruth , Rasheed Solah , Folkvord Frans , de Batlle Jordi , Ail Rohit , Motta Enrico , Bale Catherine , Fuller Claire , Mullard Anna P , Subbe Christian P , Griffiths Dawn , Wreglesworth Nicholas I , Pecchia Leandro , Fico Giuseppe , Antonini Alessio
Published: April 2024

Background

Healthy lifestyle interventions have a positive impact on multiple disease trajectories, including cancer-related outcomes. Specifically, appropriate habitual physical activity, adequate sleep, and a regular wholesome diet are of paramount importance for the wellness and supportive care of survivors of cancer. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have the potential to support novel tailored lifestyle interventions.

Objective

This observational pilot study aims to assess the feasibility of mHealth multidimensional longitudinal monitoring in survivors of cancer. The primary objective is to test the compliance (user engagement) with the monitoring solution. Secondary objectives include recording clinically relevant subjective and objective measures collected through the digital solution.

Methods

This is a monocentric pilot study taking place in Bangor, Wales, United Kingdom. We plan to enroll up to 100 adult survivors of cancer not receiving toxic anticancer treatment, who will provide self-reported behavioral data recorded via a dedicated app and validated questionnaires and objective data automatically collected by a paired smartwatch over 16 weeks. The participants will continue with their normal routine surveillance care for their cancer. The primary end point is feasibility (eg, mHealth monitoring acceptability). Composite secondary end points include clinically relevant patient-reported outcome measures (eg, the Edmonton Symptom Assessment System score) and objective physiological measures (eg, step counts). This trial received a favorable ethical review in May 2023 (Integrated Research Application System 301068).

Results

This study is part of an array of pilots within a European Union funded project, entitled “GATEKEEPER,” conducted at different sites across Europe and covering various chronic diseases. Study accrual is anticipated to commence in January 2024 and continue until June 2024. It is hypothesized that mHealth monitoring will be feasible in survivors of cancer; specifically, at least 50% (50/100) of the participants will engage with the app at least once a week in 8 of the 16 study weeks.

Conclusions

In a population with potentially complex clinical needs, this pilot study will test the feasibility of multidimensional remote monitoring of patient-reported outcomes and physiological parameters. Satisfactory compliance with the use of the app and smartwatch, whether confirmed or infirmed through this study, will be propaedeutic to the development of innovative mHealth interventions in survivors of cancer.

International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)

PRR1-10.2196/52957