bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Hyperspectral Image Study based on Deep Learning Model HSI-ConvNext
Authors: Bian Zhonghui , Zhao Xuying , Wang Qian , Xing Zhibo
Published: February 2024

In recent years, deep learning techniques have made significant research progress in the field of hyperspectral image processing. Hyperspectral images are widely used in agriculture, environmental monitoring, geological exploration and other fields due to their richness in material and spectral information about objects. Deep learning models play an important role in hyperspectral image research and are able to learn feature representations from large-scale high-dimensional data, improving the performance of tasks such as classification, segmentation, and detection. In the study, researchers usually improve and optimize for the features of hyperspectral images by constructing deep learning models such as HSI-ConvNext. It is able to capture the correlation between different bands, thus realizing semantic segmentation and target detection for hyperspectral images. Data augmentation can effectively expand the limited hyperspectral dataset, and migration learning is able to migrate the knowledge of models trained in other domains to hyperspectral image tasks. Realistic hyperspectral images can be generated for data enhancement and model training. In conclusion, the study of hyperspectral images based on the deep learning model HSI-ConvNext provides new methods and techniques for the analysis and application of hyperspectral data. In the future, with the continuous development of deep learning technology, we can expect more innovations and breakthroughs in the field of hyperspectral image processing.
Application of 3-D Ground Laser Scanning Technology to Measure The Scenic Spot of The Best Spring in the World
Authors: Tian Yongming , Wu Dapeng , Ge Yongquan , Zhang Guojian
Published: February 2024

This paper introduces the main types of 3-D ground laser scanners in the field of surveying and mapping, provides a technical scheme of applying 3-D laser scanning technology to measure ancient buildings in scenic spots, and uses the pulsed 3-D laser scanner which can transmit and receive infinite echoes to solve the problem that vegetation in the surveying area seriously blocks buildings. As an example, the feasibility of the proposed technical scheme is confirmed and the reliability of the proposed technical scheme is demonstrated by precision verification experiments at the scenic spot of the best spring in the world.
Study on User Satisfaction Prediction and Influencing Factors based on GBDT Modeling
Authors: Zeng Shuirou , Yang Wenqi , Wang Zihao , Zeng Qiang , Wang Yuncheng , Liu Xuan
Published: February 2024

A deep understanding of the factors affecting the characteristics of user experience helps to promote the benign development of China's mobile social network services, while how to improve the satisfaction of China's user experience has become a major key to the development of China's network commercialization applications. This paper draws on the application of machine learning algorithms in other areas of classification and identification, replicated to the classification and identification of user experience satisfaction to promote the high-quality sustainable development of mobile networks, and then through the analysis of the various factors affecting user satisfaction, to provide a basis for decision-making, so as to achieve an earlier and more comprehensive enhancement of user satisfaction. This paper adopts SMOTE oversampling for the unbalanced data of mobile user scoring dataset, and then adopts factor analysis for the main factors affecting customer satisfaction, and carries out Bartlett's spherical test. After that, GBDT model is established for user satisfaction prediction, and robustness test is used to optimize the model parameters, and the results show that the AUC value of GBDT model prediction is about 0.99. The time complexity of the algorithm can be greatly reduced and is more acceptable to industry.
Design of IoT Home System for the Elderly based on Different Scenarios
Authors: Zeng Hanxiang
Published: February 2024

China has entered an aging society. Based on investigating the living status of the elderly and smart home products at home and abroad, this paper puts forward a smart home system design based on Internet of Things according to the life needs of the elderly. The system has the functions of daily data collection, data transmission and prompt alarm in real time, which can meet the needs of remote real-time monitoring. It can transmit the processed information to users in time and receive indoor temperature, smoke concentration and other home environment information at any time. Once a dangerous situation occurs, the smart home system will alert the user so that the user can take measures in time.
Changes in Level of Steroacuity in Patients Having Different Types of Refractive Errors
Authors: Ambreen Ziarat  , Hamna Adrees  , Anwar ul Haq Hashmi  , Shanza Dastgir
Published: February 2024

Purpose: To find out the frequency of stereoacuity in different refractive errors in patients visitingophthalmology department of The University of Lahore Teaching Hospital.
Methodology: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study which recruited volunteers visiting department of ophthalmology at University of Lahore teaching hospital. After informed consent, he frequency of steroacuity level in all the participants were assessed using a proforma Steroacuity level was taken as normal (20 seconds of Arc), borderline (20-40 seconds of Arc) and reduced (above 40 seconds of Arc). The depth perception level among the patients of different types of refractive errors (Myopia, Hyperopia and Astigmatism), regardless of gender specific both male and female was examined with the age limit (15-35). SPSS 23 was employed for data analysis after the findings were recorded in proforma. Fried-man test was applied to find the statistical significance of data. P-value 0.05 was considered as significant.
Results: A total of 145 people aged (15-35) years old, both genders (male, female) were included in the study. Fifty four (54) myopic participants out of 72, 34 astigmatic out of 55 and 12 hyperopic participants out of 18 had normal stereopsis. Ten (10) from 72 myopia participants, 11 from 55 astigmatism volunteers and 4 out of 18 hyperopic subjects had borderline steroacuity. Likewise, 8 out of 72 myopia patients, 10 out of 55 astigmatism patients and 2 out of 18 had a reduced Stereoacuity above 40 Arc. In overall comparison, 69.0 % were normal, 17.2% were borderline and 13.8% had reduced stereoacuity level with P value 0.0267.
Conclusion: Our study shows that stereopsis was significantly reduced in those having astigmatism than those with myopia and hyperopia.
Discurso cognitivo del contexto normativo de salud laboral en Uruguay. Normativa de participación de enfermería en los servicios publicos y privados de prevención en salud a trabajadores
Authors: Pangallo Marcelo
Published: February 2024

Este articulo pretende reflexionar sobre el trabajo realizado por El contexto normativo conformado luego del año 2005 en Uruguay permitió a las organizaciones establecer condiciones para la construcción de un sistema de relaciones laborales capaz de propiciar autonomía en las empresas, respecto al sistema político. Todo ello, en coherencia con el propósito de lograr mayor independencia y tomar decisiones que apoyaran una práctica empresarial adecuada, sin dejar de lado normativas fundamentales o aspectos constitucionales. Por ello, este trabajo se trata de un estudio de tipo descriptivo transversal ya que se realiza una medición y análisis acerca de la relación existente entre el conocimiento y aplicación de las normas definidas en el marco normativo en un momento dado. La información se recoge en dos momentos sobre los conocimientos y cómo se evalúan las normas, en la población del Hospital público del área de Block quirúrgico que constaba de 50 participantes, de los cuales 30 contestaron el cuestionario con consentimiento informado dando la posibilidad de participar en forma informada y voluntaria. Previa consulta a los funcionarios se realizaron las notas solicitando la autorización a las autoridades de la Institución. Finalmente, se concluyó que, a partir de los datos obtenidos se logró realizar un diagnóstico de situación acerca de los conocimientos y la aplicación de las normas generales y específicas. También, que la población estudiada carece de conocimientos y un gran porcentaje de ellos no aplican las normas, a pesar de que dichas normas hacen más de 10 años que fueron publicadas. Y, el discurso cognitivo en relación con las Normas que hacen a la labor de los profesionales de enfermería fue relevadas, analizadas y medidas en su conocimiento en un área como es el Centro Quirúrgico, para servicios públicos y privados en Uruguay.
ENFOQUE SINDÉMICO DEL COVID-19: La implicación de los determinantes sociales en la pandemia
Authors: Chabasa Nadina
Published: February 2024

El objetivo central de este trabajo ofrece una descripción general sobre la equidad social y sanitaria motivada por la pandemia del Covid-19, situación que guarda relación con los objetivos de sostenibilidad la ONU en relación al artículo Nº 3 sobre salud y bienestar de la Agenda 2030.

Los propósitos que se persiguen son la información a la comunidad, formación al personal de salud pública de Montevideo, Uruguay.

Se utilizó la entrevista semi-estructurada para recolectar datos importantes de los informantes clave que trabajan en el Hospital. Luego, se realizó una transcripción de esas respuestas, utilizando como criterios de análisis de esta manera, se obtuvo que la población de Montevideo, Uruguay, junto al personal de salud pública del Hospital…. Coinciden al decir que el Covid-19 pone al descubierto la injusticia, inequidad, por lo tanto, se concluye que la meta trazada por la ONU a través de los 17 ODS no es factible, desde la perspectiva de la pandemia del Sars-CoV-2.
Tafakari Busara Yearbook 2024: You are not alone: human behavior under pressure
Authors:   Busara
Published: February 2024

Busara’s Tafakari offers an annual summary of who we are, what we do, and where we are going. Tafakari means ‘to reflect, ponder, think about’ in Kiswahili, the language widely spoken in Kenya, where our headquarters are located. The Tafakari Yearbook is an opportunity for different voices from within Busara To reflect: What have we accomplished in the year gone past? What have we learned about humanity’s complex challenges and how behavioral science might help? How is the environment in which we do our work changing? To ponder: What kind of contribution are we hoping to make with our work? What changes would we like to see within ourselves and around us? What responsibilities must we take on to work towards a better future? What role can we play? To think: What are our plans, hopes, and dreams for the coming year?
Optimising Energy Efficiency through Effective Supply Chain Management: A Comparative Study
Authors: Subrahmanyam Satya
Published: February 2024

Energy Efficiency (EE) is a crucial resource for social and financial development, benefiting everyone through EE developers in society. Encouraging energy problem alignment with corporate company goals increases productivity, profitability, quality, and cost reductions. EE is an essential benefit for organizations, not merely a minor concern. Most companies, particularly Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs), need help adopting EE measures and even encounter opposition. Funding and awareness (particularly of life cycle cost impacts) are the biggest obstacles. One way weaker organizations might overcome such constraints and improve EE is from the Supply Chain (SC) perspective. Since most EE studies and practical strategies concentrate on single-firm energy usage, this article examines peer-reviewed journal articles on EE incorporation in SC development and oversight to identify research needs. Several literature evaluations have focused on sustainability or Supply Chain Management (SCM), but none have addressed EE. First, this article explains how energy usage in SCM improves systemic EE. Then, a study technique is developed, and the selected publications are examined and classed by their methodologies.
General Trends Future of Work Post Pandemic in Cambodia
Authors: Anderson Ediri Okoloba
Published: February 2024

ABSTRACT This research paper focused primarily on remote working as a recent trend in Cambodia, driven by the pandemic and how it affects businesses in the Cambodian service sector. A population sample (n=219) of randomly selected participants that includes business owners, managers, staff members, and policymakers in Cambodia responded to the survey questionnaire. The key findings shows that more than a year into the pandemic, remote work and physical separation have prevented employers and employees from feeling closer to their co-workers, and most employees say circumstances surrounding the pandemic have negatively influenced their productivity. However, for every worker who says their well-being has declined, two say it has gotten better (2X). We see this phenomenon in the comparison between younger and older workers’ productivity. Millennials (people with dates of birth from 1981 – 1996) and Generation Z (people with dates of birth from 1997 – 2015) are both more likely than older generations (Generation X) to say they have been more productive since working remotely. Furthermore, the majority of the Cambodian service sector workers want to work from the office but not make the office their home. So, many believe offices with hybrid schedules will perform better than those without, mainly if business owners cater to the individual needs of their workers. As a result of the findings, the call to action include company leadership should communicate very well with their employees, managers should demonstrate an interest in the personal well-being of their workers, that implies workers having access to the resources and the trainings they need to do their job effectively (e.g., materials, equipment, technology, and support services), and from on-demand space to occasional face-time, young employees cited access to office space when needed and the ability to meet up with colleagues in person when needed as changes that would improve remote productivity for them the most. Given the popularity of remote working, more research is needed to better understand the impact that it has on the future of work in Cambodia. Key words: Future of work, remote working, pandemic, millennials, generation Z, and X
Interacting Logics of Learning and Knowledge in Eldery Care
Authors: Møller Britta , Rohwedder Anne Birgitte Nyhus
Published: February 2024

This article explores the interaction between understandings of learning, knowledge, and problems in elderly care. The study is based on five focus group interviews with care work trainees, internship supervisors, and care workers in Danish nursing homes. Combining Ellström’s understanding of learning logics and Dewey’s understanding of knowledge forms, the study finds that reproductive learning and theory-based knowledge are privileged over developmental learning and experience-based knowledge. As the analysis shows that some tasks in care work require complex problem solving, the article discusses the problematic nature of this imbalance. We argue for more attention to be paid to the developmental learning environment, with the inclusion and qualification of experience-based knowledge. The article proposes a model for analyzing links between learning, knowledge, and problem understandings, and discusses the implications for understanding quality in elderly care.
‘It can be difficult to help them’
Authors: Bach Jonas Strandholdt , Bjerge Bagga , Sørensen Johanne Korsdal
Published: February 2024

Older marginalized citizens with severe substance use are presently a growing population in Denmark. They struggle with comprehensive and complex needs for care and treatment, which put high demands on health and care professionals working with them. Yet, the complexity of their needs for care and the care provided to them is highly understudied. We take our empirical point of departure in an anthropological pilot study of care work in private homes and retirement homes in two municipalities, where we followed care professionals on their shifts and interviewed them in order to identify challenging situations in daily care. Building on Mol’s concept of logic of care (Mol 2008), we examine how the care professionals in their everyday work with substance using older citizens faced dilemmas in the provision of care within the logics of on the one hand Danish standards for “correct” care and on the other respecting the autonomy of substance using citizens.
Loving her to the end
Authors: Cochran Diana
Published: February 2024

How can I honour my ageing loved one, caring for her with respect and dignity, thereby loving her to the end? This paper is an autoethnography of my experience providing elder care for my mother during the final six years of her life. At the conclusion of this personal narrative, I offer a reflection on the practice of embodied caregiving and perspectivalism, which prompted a transformation in me. The scope encompasses the stages of elder care, from taking on the task to the time of death of the loved one. Adult transformative learning theory informs the paper, as I progress through these steps in learning how to care for my mother. A subtext is that of ascribing great value to the elderly through the means of stepping into their world in embodied caregiving. This process of honouring my mother leads to the goal of loving her to the end.
Who knows? Mobilization of Employee Knowledge in Nursing Homes
Authors: Bragtved Stian , Waldahl Ragnhild Holmen
Published: February 2024

In Norway, as in many other countries, professionalized elderly care faces a twin challenge: lack of competent labor combined with disinvestment in elderly care. Furthermore, while the number of elderly people in need of care is projected to rise over the coming decades, politicians are reluctant to commit more resources to the sector. Instead, innovation is seen as the solution. But in the policy debate on these issues, innovation is largely understood to be technological. This paper argues that the experience-based knowledge of assistants, healthcare professionals and nurses working in elderly care is an overlooked resource for innovation. By discussing three ways such knowledge is mobilized for innovation in nursing homes, we show that employee knowledge can help solve problems articulate under a logic of care, but also to solve problems traditionally thought of as belonging to the domain of management.
Rummaging Around in a Handbag of Caring Research
Authors: Kordovsky Julie
Published: February 2024

In this autoethnographic article, the first steps in the process of forming a methodological framework for a caring research practice using drawing as a method are sketched out. By employing the metaphor ‘a handbag of caring research,’ the article underlines the sense of unsystematic ‘rummaging around’ characterizing the initial phases of a research process, but also the idea that caring research can produce important insights despite the sense of messiness. To circumnavigate the complexities arising when drawing and writing are employed as forms of line making, that is, ‘a pencil’, ‘a moral compass’ is needed. More specifically, such a moral compass may be of use not only for the researcher but for all involved in the research process. In this case, the moral compass consists of Tronto’s four analytically separate yet interconnected phases of care - Caring about, Taking Care of, Caregiving, and Care-receiving, and four moral elements of care – attentiveness, responsibility, competence, and responsiveness. A variety of drawing practices are used as inspiration for the development of a tentative methodological framework based on an ethics of care, which can be of use in multiple research fields, including but not limited to the elderly care sector, which is used as the point of departure in this article.
Būties klausimas mene: tapyba, fotografija, skulptūra, koliažas
Authors: Kavaliauskas Tomas
Published: February 2024

„Būties klausimas mene “– tai meno filosofijos ir meno kritikos knyga apie Būtį tapyboje, fotografijoje, skulptūroje bei koliažuose. Būties tapyboje ieškoma, žvelgiant Arvydo Šliogerio akimis, paraleliai aptariamos Heideggerio ir Derrida perspektyvos. Taip pat remiamasi meno kritikos bei dailėtyros žiniomis, pateikiama meno kūrinių iliustracijų. Atkreipiamas dėmesys į Jurgio Mačiūno „Fluxus“ judėjimą, jo antimeną, kūrybinius pokštus ir Jono Meko animuotus daiktus jų atminimui. Lyginamos Henrio Parlando ir Arvydo Šliogerio fotosofijos (fotografijos filosofijos). Ieškoma lietuviškosios Būties savasties Šliogerio fotografijoje bei Antano Mončio medžio skulptūrose. Knyga baigiama, gvildenant meno kūrinio klastotės klausimą, kritiškai analizuojant tokius atvejus, kai meno kūriniai pateikiami kito žmogaus vardu. O tai siejasi su autorystės, meno kūrinio vertės ir kultūros politikos klausimais.
Preparation of the management staff of the Department of Internal Affairs for the elimination of the consequences of emergencies caused by forest fires
Authors: Gol'chevskii Vitalii Feliksovich
Published: February 2024

The subject of the study of this article is public relations in the field of organizing the training of personnel of internal affairs bodies for actions in emergency situations caused by forest fires. The object of the study is the organization and improvement of professional and service training in instilling competencies for conducting rescue and other urgent rescue operations in the aftermath of forest fires. The relevance of this work is related to improving the quality of professional training and retraining of police officers, and the execution of the Decree of the President of Russia V. V. Putin "On combating forest fires", which sets the task for senior officials of the subjects of the Russian Federation to ensure a reduction in the area of forest fires on forest fund lands in 2022-2030 by at least 50 percent relative to the level of 2021 of the year. The article provides a detailed analysis of the training of cadets and police officers to act in emergency situations. The issues of tactical training of police officers involved in extinguishing forest fires were raised.  The methodology of the conducted research is based on the application of methods of included observation, analysis of the practical experience of the activities of ATS organizations and educational organizations, interdisciplinary analysis of literature and normative legal documents on the problem under consideration. The scientific novelty of the study is as follows: a) a detailed analysis was carried out on the training of police officers to eliminate the consequences of emergencies caused by forest fires; b) the need to pay special attention to the training of police officers to ensure personal safety when extinguishing forest fires is justified; c) the issues of tactics of preparing police units for emergency situations are highlighted. The main conclusions of the conducted research are the need to improve the tactics of preparing ATS units for action in the event of a threat and extinguishing forest fires. The above statistics and the considered example of the death of paratroopers during the extinguishing of a forest fire in Tyva indicate the importance of ongoing research in this area and the need to improve the quality of professional training.
Optimizing suction force in mechanical thrombectomy: Priming the aspiration tubing with air versus saline
Authors: Wali Arvin R. , Sindewald Ryan W. , Brandel Michael G. , Bravo Javier , Steinberg Jeffrey A. , Pannell J. Scott , Khalessi Alexander A. , Santiago-Dieppa David R.
Published: February 2024

Objective: We sought to investigate how priming the tube between air versus air mixed with saline ex vivo influenced suction force. We examined how priming the tube influenced peak suction force and time to achieve peak suction force between both modalities.Methods: Using a Dwyer Instruments (Dwyer Instruments Inc., Michigan City, IN, USA), INC Digitial Pressure Gauge, we were able to connect a .072 inch aspiration catheter to a rotating hemostatic valve and to aspiration tubing. We recorded suction force measured in negative inches of Mercury (inHg) over 10 iterations between having the aspiration tube primed with air alone versus air mixed with saline. A test was used to compare results between both modalities.Results: Priming the tube with air alone compared to air mixed with saline was found to have an increased average max suction force (-28.60 versus -28.20 in HG, p<0.01). We also identified a logarithmic curve of suction force across time in which time to maximal suction force was more prompt with air compared with air mixed with saline (13.8 seconds versus 21.60 seconds, p<0.01).Conclusions: Priming the tube with air compared to air mixed with saline suggests that not only is increased maximal suction force achieved, but also the time required to achieve maximal suction force is less. This data suggests against priming the aspiration tubing with saline and suggests that the first pass aspiration primed with air may have the greatest suction force.
Structural stability analysis of spherical bubble clusters in acoustic cavitation fields
Authors: Liu Rui , Huang Chen-Yang , Wu Yao-Rong , Hu Jing , Mo Run-Yang , Wang Cheng-Hui ,   Institute of Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Ultrasonics, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi’an 710062, China
Published: February 2024

The upwelling growth and evolution of spherical bubble clusters appearing at one-quarter wavelength from the water surface in ultrasonic cavitation fields at frequencies of 28 kHz and 40 kHz are studied by high-speed photography. Due to the interactions among bubbles, the stable bubble aggregation occurs throughout the rise of the bubble cluster, whose vertical pressure difference leads to a more significant spreading in the upper part of the cluster in the standing-wave field. At 28 kHz, the rising speed is about 0.6 m/s, controlled by the primary acoustic field. After a violent collapse of the bubble clusters, the aggregating structure begins to hover near the water surface. The size and stability of the structure are affected by the frequency and pressure of the primary acoustic field. If two clusters are close to each other, the clusters deviate from the spherical shape, even trailing off, and eventually merge into a single bubble cluster. By considering the influence of water-air boundary, based on the mirror principle, a spherical bubble cluster model is developed to explore the structure stability of the clusters, and the modified dynamics equations are obtained. The effects of driving acoustic pressure amplitude, bubble number density, water depth, and bubble equilibrium radius on the optimal stable radius of the spherical bubble cluster are numerically analyzed by using the equivalent potentials at 28 kHz and 40 kHz. The results show that the optimal stabilizing radius of spherical bubble cluster is in a range of 1–2 mm, and it tends to decrease slightly with the increase of the driving acoustic pressure and bubble number density. It is worth noting that the nonlinearity is enhanced by increasing acoustic pressure, which may promote the stability of the cluster structure. The smaller the unstable equilibrium radius, the easier it is to grow, and the stable size at 40 kHz is slightly smaller than that at 28 kHz. Generally, spherical clusters first appear in a high-pressure region and then move to a low-pressure region. If the acoustic pressure drops below a certain critical value, bubble clusters disappear. The theoretical analysis is in good agreement with the experimental observation. The analysis of the growth and structural stability of spherical bubble cluster is helpful in understanding the behavioral modulation of bubbles.
What fraction of cellular DNA turnover becomes cfDNA?
Authors: Sender Ron , Noor Elad , Milo Ron , Dor Yuval
Published: February 2024

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) tests use small amounts of DNA in the bloodstream as biomarkers. While it is thought that cfDNA is largely released by dying cells, the proportion of dying cells' DNA that reaches the bloodstream is unknown. Here, we integrate estimates of cellular turnover rates to calculate the expected amount of cfDNA. By comparing this to the actual amount of cell type-specific cfDNA, we estimate the proportion of DNA reaching plasma as cfDNA. We demonstrate that <10% of the DNA from dying cells is detectable in plasma, and the ratios of measured to expected cfDNA levels vary a thousand-fold among cell types, often reaching well below 0.1%. The analysis suggests that local clearance, presumably via phagocytosis, takes up most of the dying cells' DNA. Insights into the underlying mechanism may help to understand the physiological significance of cfDNA and improve the sensitivity of liquid biopsies.
Distinctive Whole-brain Cell-Types Predict Tissue Damage Patterns in Thirteen Neurodegenerative Conditions
Authors: Pak Veronika , Adewale Quadri , Bzdok Danilo , Dadar Mahsa , Zeighami Yashar , Iturria-Medina Yasser
Published: February 2024

For over a century, brain research narrative has mainly centered on neuron cells. Accordingly, most whole-brain neurodegenerative studies focus on neuronal dysfunction and their selective vulnerability, while we lack comprehensive analyses of other major cell-types’ contribution. By unifying spatial gene expression, structural MRI, and cell deconvolution, here we describe how the human brain distribution of canonical cell-types extensively predicts tissue damage in thirteen neurodegenerative conditions, including early- and late-onset Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, dementia with Lewy bodies, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, mutations in presenilin-1, and three clinical variants of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (behavioural variant, semantic and non-fluent primary progressive aphasia) along with associated 3-repeat and 4-repeat tauopathies and TDP43 proteinopathies types A and C. We reconstructed comprehensive whole-brain reference maps of cellular abundance for six major cell-types and identified characteristic axes of spatial overlapping with atrophy. Our results support the strong mediating role of non-neuronal cells, primarily microglia and astrocytes, in spatial vulnerability to tissue loss in neurodegeneration, with distinct and shared across-disorders pathomechanisms. These observations provide critical insights into the multicellular pathophysiology underlying spatiotemporal advance in neurodegeneration. Notably, they also emphasize the need to exceed the current neuro-centric view of brain diseases, supporting the imperative for cell-specific therapeutic targets in neurodegeneration.
Mechanical activation of TWIK-related potassium channel by nanoscopic movement and rapid second messenger signaling
Authors: Petersen E Nicholas , Pavel Mahmud Arif , Hansen Samuel S , Gudheti Manasa , Wang Hao , Yuan Zixuan , Murphy Keith R , Ja William , Ferris Heather A , Jorgensen Erik , Hansen Scott B
Published: February 2024

Rapid conversion of force into a biological signal enables living cells to respond to mechanical forces in their environment. The force is believed to initially affect the plasma membrane and then alter the behavior of membrane proteins. Phospholipase D2 (PLD2) is a mechanosensitive enzyme that is regulated by a structured membrane-lipid site comprised of cholesterol and saturated ganglioside (GM1). Here we show stretch activation of TWIK-related K+ channel (TREK-1) is mechanically evoked by PLD2 and spatial patterning involving ordered GM1 and 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) clusters in mammalian cells. First, mechanical force deforms the ordered lipids, which disrupts the interaction of PLD2 with the GM1 lipids and allows a complex of TREK-1 and PLD2 to associate with PIP2 clusters. The association with PIP2 activates the enzyme, which produces the second messenger phosphatidic acid (PA) that gates the channel. Co-expression of catalytically inactive PLD2 inhibits TREK-1 stretch currents in a biological membrane. Cellular uptake of cholesterol inhibits TREK-1 currents in culture and depletion of cholesterol from astrocytes releases TREK-1 from GM1 lipids in mouse brain. Depletion of the PLD2 ortholog in flies results in hypersensitivity to mechanical force. We conclude PLD2 mechanosensitivity combines with TREK-1 ion permeability to elicit a mechanically evoked response.
Synapsin E-domain is essential for α-synuclein function
Authors: Stavsky Alexandra , Parra-Rivas Leonardo A. , Tal Shani , Riba Jen , Madhivanan Kayalvizhi , Roy Subhojit , Gitler Daniel
Published: February 2024

The cytosolic proteins synucleins and synapsins are thought to play cooperative roles in regulating synaptic vesicle (SV) recycling, but mechanistic insight is lacking. Here we identify the synapsin E-domain as an essential functional binding-partner of α-synuclein (α-syn). Synapsin E-domain allows α-syn functionality, binds to α-syn, and is necessary and sufficient for enabling effects of α-syn at the synapse. Together with previous studies implicating the E-domain in clustering SVs, our experiments advocate a cooperative role for these two proteins in maintaining physiologic SV clusters.
Small deviations in kinematics and body form dictate muscle performances in the finely tuned avian downstroke
Authors: Deetjen Marc E , Chin Diana D , Heers Ashley M , Tobalske Bret W , Lentink David
Published: February 2024

Avian takeoff requires peak pectoralis muscle power to generate sufficient aerodynamic force during the downstroke. Subsequently, the much smaller supracoracoideus recovers the wing during the upstroke. How the pectoralis work loop is tuned to power flight is unclear. We integrate wingbeat-resolved muscle, kinematic, and aerodynamic recordings in vivo with a new mathematical model to disentangle how the pectoralis muscle overcomes wing inertia and generates aerodynamic force during takeoff in doves. Doves reduce the angle of attack of their wing mid-downstroke to efficiently generate aerodynamic force, resulting in an aerodynamic power dip, that allows transferring excess pectoralis power into tensioning the supracoracoideus tendon to assist the upstroke—improving the pectoralis work loop efficiency simultaneously. Integrating extant bird data, our model shows how the pectoralis of birds with faster wingtip speed need to generate proportionally more power. Finally, birds with disproportionally larger wing inertia need to activate the pectoralis earlier to tune their downstroke.
The ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2D/eff maintains a youthful proteome and ensures protein quality control during aging
Authors: Hunt Liam C , Nyamkondiwa Kudzai , Stephan Anna , Jiao Jianqin , Kavdia Kanisha , Pagala Vishwajeeth , Peng Junmin , Demontis Fabio
Published: February 2024

Ubiquitin-conjugating enzymes (E2s) are key for regulating protein function and turnover via ubiquitination but it remains undetermined which E2s maintain proteostasis during aging. Here, we find that E2s have diverse roles in handling a model aggregation-prone protein (huntingtin-polyQ) in the
Drosophila
retina: while some E2s mediate aggregate assembly, UBE2D/effete (eff) and other E2s are required for huntingtin-polyQ degradation. UBE2D/eff is key for proteostasis also in skeletal muscle: eff protein levels decline with aging, and muscle-specific eff knockdown causes an accelerated buildup in insoluble poly-ubiquitinated proteins (which progressively accumulate with aging) and shortens lifespan. Transgenic expression of human UBE2D2, homologous to eff, partially rescues the lifespan and proteostasis deficits caused by muscle-specific eff
RNAi
by re-establishing the physiological levels of eff
RNAi
-regulated proteins, which include several regulators of proteostasis. Interestingly, UBE2D/eff knockdown in young age reproduces part of the proteomic changes that normally occur in old muscles, suggesting that the decrease in UBE2D/eff protein levels that occurs with aging contributes to reshaping the composition of the muscle proteome. Altogether, these findings indicate that UBE2D/eff is a key E2 ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme that ensures protein quality control and helps maintain a youthful proteome composition during aging.
Rapid and Inducible Mislocalization of Endogenous TDP43 in a Novel Human Model of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
Authors: Ganssauge Johanna , Hawkins Sophie , Namboori Seema , Leung Szi-Kay , Mill Jonathan , Bhinge Akshay
Published: February 2024

Transactive response DNA binding protein 43 kDa (TDP43) proteinopathy, characterized by the mislocalization and aggregation of TDP43, is a hallmark of several neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). In this study, we describe the development of a new model of TDP43 proteinopathy using human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived neurons. Utilizing a genome engineering approach, we induced the mislocalization of endogenous TDP43 from the nucleus to the cytoplasm without mutating the TDP43 gene or using chemical stressors. Our model successfully recapitulates key early and late pathological features of TDP43 proteinopathy, including neuronal loss, reduced neurite complexity, and cytoplasmic accumulation and aggregation of TDP43. Concurrently, the loss of nuclear TDP43 leads to splicing defects, while its cytoplasmic gain adversely affects microRNA expression. Strikingly, our observations suggest that TDP43 is capable of sustaining its own mislocalization, thereby perpetuating and further aggravating the proteinopathy. This innovative model provides a valuable tool for the in-depth investigation of the consequences of TDP43 proteinopathy. It offers a clinically relevant platform that will accelerate identification of potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of TDP43-associated neurodegenerative diseases including sporadic ALS.
Effects of perceptions of the importance of patient safety management and patient safety competency on patient safety management activities among nurses at unaccredited general hospitals
Authors: Park Ji-Yeong , Choi Hanna
Published: February 2024

Purpose: This descriptive research study attempted to determine how general hospital nurses’ awareness of the importance of patient safety management and patient safety competency affected patient safety management activities.Methods: From September 13 to 26, 2022, a survey was administered to 230 ward nurses who provided direct care to patients at five non-accredited general hospitals being evaluated for accreditation located in metropolitan cities. The collected data were analyzed with descriptive statistics, the t-test, one-way analysis, the Scheffé test, Pearson correlation coefficients, and hierarchical regression using SPSS for Windows version 26.0.Results: In total, 221 (96.1%) respondents were female. The average age was 32.2 years, and the average clinical experience was 3.5 years; 196 participants (85.2%) were general nurses. Patient safety competency (β = .44, p < .001), awareness of the importance of safety management (β = .31, p < .001), and medication error experience (β = -.15, p = .002) all had statistically significant associations with patient safety management activities. The explanatory power of these variables for patient safety management activities was 50.7%. Conclusion: This study confirmed that patient safety competency, awareness of the importance of patient safety management, and experience with medication errors significantly influenced patient safety management activities.
RNN-BiLSTM-CRF based amalgamated deep learning model for electricity theft detection to secure smart grids
Authors: Khalid Aqsa , Mustafa Ghulam , Rana Muhammad Rizwan Rashid , Alshahrani Saeed M. , Alymani Mofadal
Published: February 2024

Electricity theft presents a substantial threat to distributed power networks, leading to non-technical losses (NTLs) that can significantly disrupt grid functionality. As power grids supply centralized electricity to connected consumers, any unauthorized consumption can harm the grids and jeopardize overall power supply quality. Detecting such fraudulent behavior becomes challenging when dealing with extensive data volumes. Smart grids provide a solution by enabling two-way electricity flow, thereby facilitating the detection, analysis, and implementation of new measures to address data flow issues. The key objective is to provide a deep learning-based amalgamated model to detect electricity theft and secure the smart grid. This research introduces an innovative approach to overcome the limitations of current electricity theft detection systems, which predominantly rely on analyzing one-dimensional (1-D) electric data. These approaches often exhibit insufficient accuracy when identifying instances of theft. To address this challenge, the article proposes an ensemble model known as the RNN-BiLSTM-CRF model. This model amalgamates the strengths of recurrent neural network (RNN) and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM) architectures. Notably, the proposed model harnesses both one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) electricity consumption data, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of the theft detection process. The experimental results showcase an impressive accuracy rate of 93.05% in detecting electricity theft, surpassing the performance of existing models in this domain.
Fomento à aquicultura: instrumentos privados de financiamento
Authors: Leite Leandro Oliveira , Presotto Elen , Da Silva Júnior Jaim José , Bueno Guilherme Wolff , Trombeta Thiago Dias
Published: February 2024

A aquicultura é uma atividade global em rápido crescimento, com a carne de peixe sendo a mais consumida no mundo, seja por meio de captura ou aquicultura. O Brasil, com sua vasta extensão territorial, clima favorável e recursos hídricos disponíveis, tem grande potencial para expandir sua produção aquícola e se destacar como um dos principais fornecedores mundiais. No entanto, os recursos oficiais subsidiados do crédito rural têm se tornado cada vez mais seletivos e direcionados, tornando-se insuficientes para o setor. Diante disso, propõe-se avaliar a potencialidade dos novos instrumentos financeiros privados, como títulos de crédito (CPR, LCA, CRA, CDCA, LCA e Fiagro), como a melhor alternativa de fonte de recursos para o desenvolvimento, modernização e expansão da aquicultura no País. Os resultados mostraram que os investimentos privados, por meio desses títulos, tornam-se a melhor opção para o financiamento da aquicultura no Brasil. Isso se deve à restrição de recursos subsidiados ao setor, à entrada de novos títulos privados no mercado de crédito, à desintermediação bancária e ao desenvolvimento do mercado de capitais de dívidas agroindustriais.
Ядерная луна, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Майборода Александр Олегович
Published: February 2024

Сегодня, после относительной неудачи российского космического проекта “Луна-25”(первая в современной истории России автоматическая станция 21 августа должна была совершить мягкую посадку на Южном полюсе естественного спутника Земли. Однако 20 августа зонд “Луна-25” разбился, столкнувшись с лунной поверхностью), нарастает волна скептического отношения к перспективам освоения космического пространства, и Луны в частности. Действительно, никаких глобальных проблем лунная гонка пока не смогла решить. Кроме всего прочего, многие эксперты говорят о почти непреодолимых технических и технологических проблемах освоения Луны, и тем более дальнего космоса. Однако концептуальные решения хозяйственного, промышленного освоения Луны уже существуют. Мало того, принципы создания промышленности при помощи ядерной энергии на Луне применимы и к индустриализации Марса, карликовых планет и спутников планет-гигантов. И, как ни странно, недавний отзыв российским парламентом ратификации Договора о всеобъемлющем запрещении ядерных испытаний (ДВЗЯИ) может способствовать тому чтобы РФ стала лидером в этом процессе.
Учимся у биосферы. Низкопотенциальная энергетика “живого вещества”, "Энергия: экономика, техника, экология"
Authors: Гошка Леонид Леонидович , Ткаченко Юрий Леонидович
Published: February 2024

В статье дан обзор работ, описывающих современное состояние энергетики техносферы и представляющих прогнозы её дальнейшего развития. Показано противоречие между принципами устройства и направлением векторов эволюции биосферы Земли и современной техносферы с её энергетикой. Противостояние между искусственной и естественной средой обитания может привести к разрушению последней и глобальной экологической катастрофе. Для того чтобы избежать такого негативного сценария, учёные предлагают «учиться у Природы». Для этого в статье рассмотрены источники энергии и принципы преобразования энергии, используемые «живым веществом» - одноклеточными и многоклеточными организмами биосферы. С целью предотвращения глобальной экологической катастрофы необходимо перестроить техносферу по принципам природоподобия. В представленной статье авторы предлагают концепцию энергетики будущей экотехносферы, основывающуюся на уже известных теоретических и экспериментальных разработках, выполненных учёными в направлении подражания природе - биомимикрии (или биомиметики). Это, в том числе техника и технологии, воспроизводящие природные процессы получения и преобразования энергии, такие как использование низкопотенциальных возобновляемых источников энергии, генерация биоэлектричества, контролируемый фотосинтез, глюконика (синтез, переработка и утилизация глюкозы), искусственное мышечное волокно.
Breed Preference by Farmers and the Morphometric Characteristics of Sukuma Goats and a Crossbred of Malya and Sukuma Goats in Maswa District, Tanzania
Authors: Chavala Boaz C. , Kifaro George C. , Chasama Godfrey L.
Published: February 2024

Aims: To study farmers’ perception toward performance of crossbreds (Malya x Sukuma) relative to the indigenous Sukuma goats.

Study Design: The study was of cross-sectional design employing comparative analysis.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted in Maswa District of Tanzania over a three weeks period.

Methodology: Fifty respondents from household which were previously involved in the crossbreeding program were sampled purposively. In which they were interviewed using questionnaires on good/positive and bad/negative attributes for each genotype, then ranks of desired breed according to market price, mature body size and age of attaining mature size. Body weights and linear body measurement of mature crossbred (Malya x Sukuma) goats and pure Sukuma goats were also taken after interviewing each household respondent. Interview data were analyzed using descriptive statistics option of SPSS and body measurements were analyzed using GLM procedure of SAS.

Results: The most preferred breed was crossbred goats due to their high market price, large mature body size and early age of attaining mature size. Good attributes for Sukuma goats were disease resistance (98%) and drought resistance (94%) while bad attributes were low price in the market (88%), small body size (94%) and slow growth rate (72%). Good attributes for crossbred goats were premium price in the market (92%), high growth rate (80%) and large body size (94%). Bad attributes for crossbred goats had very low frequency. The crossbred goats were larger compared to Sukuma goats. Their mature body measurements were body length (60.6±0.46 cm), heart girth (77.6±0.58 cm), height at withers (66.4±0.42 cm) and body weight (35.1±0.52 kg) for crossbred goats while corresponding mature body measurements for Sukuma goats were 49.6±0.42 cm, 65.1±0.54 cm, 56.7±0.39 cm and 21.6±0.48 kg, respectively.

Conclusion: Crossbred goats were accepted by farmers due to their beneficial impact to the households’ economy.