bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Glycosmis nelliyampathiensis (Rutaceae), a new species from southern Western Ghats, Kerala, India

Authors: JABEENA MANJAKULAM KHADHERSHA , ASWANI VADAKKEVEEDU JAGADEESH , NAIR MAYA C
Published: April 2021

A new species, Glycosmis nelliyampathiensis from Nelliyampathy hill ranges of southern Western Ghats, Palakkad, Kerala, India is described and illustrated here. The plant differs from its allied species G. angustifolia in terms of its unifoliolate leaves, elliptic leaflets, 1–4 flowered monochasial cymose inflorescence, hairiness of the corolla apex, sub-capitate stigma and ellipsoid-oblong fruit.
Minute litter bugs (Heteroptera: Schizopteridae) from the Brazilian Amazon savannas, a poorly sampled biome
Authors: ALBUQUERQUE FLAVIO , DE-SOUZA CAROLINE COSTA , FAVACHO CÉSAR AUGUSTO CHAVES , CARVALHO-FILHO FERNANDO DA SILVA
Published: April 2021

The minute litter bugs (Heteroptera: Schizopteridae) fauna from the Brazilian Amazon comprises only nine species described during the past four years. In this paper, the Schizopteridae fauna of an Amazonian savanna was surveyed, resulting in the discovery of two new species of Corixidea Reuter and a new species of Schizoptera (Cantharocoris) McAtee & Malloch: Corixidea graziae sp. nov., Corixidea quilombola sp. nov., and Schizoptera (Cantharocoris) savannensis sp. nov. The species C. graziae sp. nov. and C. quilombola sp. nov. can be distinguished from other Corixidea species by the shape of the process of mediotergite 8 while S. (Cantharocoris) savannensis sp. nov. can be recognized among species of its subgenus by a combination of the shape of the subgenital plate and right conjunctival appendage. The species herein described represent the first records of these genera for the Brazilian Amazon. We provide diagnoses, photographs of habitus, and illustrations of male genitalia.
Graziaphylus, a new genus and two new species of Eremophila-feeding
(Scrophulariceae) Phylinae (Insecta: Heteroptera: Miridae) from Australia
Authors: SCHUH RANDALL T. , SALAS RUTH
Published: April 2021

The new genus Graziaphylus is described to include two new species, Graziaphylus joceliae and G. nigripes. This new taxon is part of a large suite of Heteroptera from Australia known to feed on species of Eremophila (Scrophulariaceae), including other members of the Miridae as well as the Tingidae. The appearance of Graziaphylus spp. is similar to that of Xiphoidellus Weirauch and Schuh from Australia, and to Chlamydatus Fieber from the Northern Hemisphere (among other genera), but with scalelike setae, and elongate pulvilli adnate over most of the claw length, and the distinctive structure of the male genitalia.
Two new species of Tingidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) from Panama
Authors: KNUDSON ALEXANDER H. , RIDER DAVID A. , KNODEL JANET J.
Published: April 2021

Two new species of Tingidae are described from Panama: Acanthotingis deltoides sp. nov. and Stephanitis joceliae sp. nov. Descriptions and diagnosis for both Acanthotingis Monte and Stephanitis Stål are provided, and a key is given for the separation of the two known species of Acanthotingis. This is the first record of both genera from Panama. A checklist of all Neotropical species of both genera is presented.
Three new species of Eurystethus from Brazil (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Pentatomidae)
Authors: CORREIA ANDRÉ OLIVEIRA , FERNANDES JOSÉ ANTÔNIO MARIN , CAMPOS LUIZ ALEXANDRE
Published: April 2021

The Heteroptera (true bugs) and its fourth-largest family Pentatomidae (stink bugs) are worldwide distributed groups with higher diversity in the tropics. The pentatomid subfamily Discocephalinae is almost restricted to the Neotropical Region, and it is divided into the tribes Discocephalini and Ochlerini. Eurystethus Mayr, 1864 is placed within Discocephalini and comprises 18 species, 16 out of them classified into two subgenera. Here we describe Eurystethus jo sp. nov., Eurystethus multipunctatus sp. nov., and Eurystethus rufodorsatus sp. nov., all occurring in Brazil, compare them to other species and provide a distribution map.
The Moneda Bug, Chrysodarecus moneta Breddin = Placocoris viridis Mayr (Pentatomidae: Discocephalinae: Ochlerini)
Authors: THOMAS DONALD B.
Published: April 2021

The pentatomid genus Placocoris Mayr is removed from Pentatominae and placed in Discocephalinae: Ochlerini based on the trichobothrial arrangement. Within the Ochlerini Placocoris shares characteristics with a clade composed of Adoxoplatys and allies including the rostrum arising anteriorad, abdomen with tubercle at middle base received by a notch in the metasternum, bucculae confluent posteriorly, pronotum flat, and a double row of spines on the femora. It appears to share the same host plants with Neoadoxoplatys, species of bamboo. It is further concluded that the genus Chrysodarecus Breddin is a junior synonym of Placocoris Mayr.
Phimodera flori Fieber, found in Greece on Mount Olympus, new to the Balkan Peninsula (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae)
Authors: DIOLI PARIDE
Published: April 2021

The first report of Phimodera flori Fieber, 1863 (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Scutelleridae) in the Balkan Peninsula (Mt. Olympus, Greece) is presented. This continental European and Central Asian species is rare in southern Europe where it has been found only at high altitudes of the Alps and the Pyrenees so far. It has been regarded as extinct from the 1970’s in many countries. The species is recorded for the first time for Greece, being Mt. Olympus the southernmost known locality.
Description of a new species of Dinidor Latreille (Hemiptera: Dinidoridae) from the Brazilian Amazon Rainforest, and new records of D. saucius Stål
Authors: LÓPEZ GUILHERME E. L. , CARRENHO RENAN , SCHWERTNER CRISTIANO F.
Published: April 2021

Dinidor jograziae sp. nov., is described. The new species can be recognized by the relatively shorter mandibular plates which do not come in contact with each other anterior to the clypeus, by the dark brown hemelytral membranes, with darker, reticulate veins, and by having a relatively large portion of the connexiva exposed. We provide high-resolution photographs of important characters such as the head, pronotum, and the male and female external genitalia. We also provide new locality records for D. saucius from southern and southeastern Brazil, including the Atlantic Rain Forest region in the states of Rio de Janeiro, Santa Catarina and São Paulo.
Graziacrophyma gen. nov., a new genus of South American Acanthosomatidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera)
Authors: CARVAJAL MARIOM A. , FAÚNDEZ EDUARDO I. , RIDER DAVID A.
Published: April 2021

The genus Acrophyma Bergroth currently contains two species, the Andean A. cumingii (Westwood) and the Neotropical A. bicallosa (Stål). The examination of types and new material revealed that among the Neotropical species the Brazilian population differs from the Colombian, and the first one belongs to a new species in this group. A morphological analysis of the genus indicated the Neotropical species are different from the Andean species. According to the current most used generic characters in acanthosomatids, Neotropical species should be placed in a new genus. This is also supported by biogeographical relationships. New distributional records for the species of this group are provided.
New genus and species of apterous Carventinae from Costa Rica and Grenada (Hemiptera, Heteroptera, Aradidae)
Authors: HEISS ERNST
Published: April 2021

Only three species assigned to two genera of the flat bug subfamily Carventinae Usinger, 1950 are recorded to date from Costa Rica and one genus and species from Grenada. Following apterous carventine taxa are described and illustrated in the present paper: Joceliaptera graziae gen. et sp. nov.; Peggicoris cahuitanus sp. nov.; Peggicoris grenadensis sp. nov. Joceliaptera gen. nov. is compared with most similar Neotropical genera. A key to species of Peggicoris is presented.
Urolabida graziae, new urostylidid species from the Philippines with comments on the current taxonomy and systematics of the family (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Urostylididae)
Authors: ROCA-CUSACHS MARCOS , PARIS MERCEDES , MOHAGAN ALMA , JUNG SUNGHOON
Published: April 2021

A new species of Urostylididae from the Philippine islands (Mindanao) is herein described. This new species, similar to Urolabida bipunctata Stål, 1871, differs from the latter in the shape of the external male genitalia. Urolabida bipunctata and the new species, Urolabida graziae Roca-Cusachs, sp. nov., are extremely similar in external appearance, and fit into the (incomplete) description of genus Urolabida Westwood, 1837. The examination and comparison with the type specimens of other Urostylididae species, especially the male genital capsule, clearly separates this two species from Urolabida tenera Westwood, 1837, the type species of the genus Urolabida, however the taxonomy of this group is not resolved and needs a deep revision, therefore we refrain from description of a new genus-group taxon here. Additionally, images of the type specimens of Urolabida tenera, Urostylis histrionica Westwood, 1837, and Urostylis punctigera Westwood, 1837, are provided and discussion on the current systematics and classification of the family, and particularly of genus Urolabida are also given.
Survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from Alagoas and Sergipe, Northeast Brazil
Authors: RODRIGUES JULIANA MOURÃO DOS SANTOS , NERY LETICIA , RODRIGUES HIGOR D. D. , MOREIRA FELIPE FERRAZ FIGUEIREDO
Published: April 2021

A survey of the semiaquatic bugs (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Gerromorpha) from Alagoas and Sergipe, Northeast Brazil, is presented. Specimens have been obtained mainly during three expeditions carried out in 2018 and 2019. Individuals of 40 species, representing the following 18 genera and five families have been recorded: Brachymetra Mayr, 1865, Cylindrostethus Mayr, 1865, Limnogonus Stål, 1868, Neogerris Matsumura, 1913, Tachygerris Drake, 1957, Rheumatobates Bergroth, 1892, Halobatopsis Bianchi, 1896, Ovatametra Kenaga, 1942 (Gerridae); Lipogomphus Berg, 1879, Merragata White, 1877 (Hebridae); Hydrometra Latreille, 1797 (Hydrometridae); Mesovelia Mulsant & Rey, 1852 (Mesoveliidae); Husseyella Herring, 1955, Microvelia Westwood, 1834, Rhagovelia Mayr, 1865, Paravelia Breddin, 1898, Platyvelia Polhemus & Polhemus, 1993 and Stridulivelia Hungerford, 1929 (Veliidae). Alagoas and Sergipe have 35 and 31 new records, respectively. Rheumatobates trinitatis (China, 1943) and Rhagovelia plumbea Uhler, 1894 are recorded for the first time from Brazil.
Persistent Anomaly Changes in High-Resolution Climate Simulations
Authors: Lackmann Gary M. , Miller Rebecca L. , Robinson Walter A. , Michaelis Allison C.
Published: April 2021

Persistent anomalies (PAs) are associated with a variety of impactful weather extremes, prompting research into how their characteristics will respond to climate change. Previous studies, however, have not provided conclusive results, owing to the complexity of the phenomenon and to difficulties in general circulation model (GCM) representations of PAs. Here, we diagnose PA activity in ten years of current and projected future output from global, high-resolution (15-km mesh) time-slice simulations performed with the Model for Prediction Across Scales-Atmosphere (MPAS-A). These time slices span a range of ENSO states. They include high-resolution representations of sea-surface temperatures and GCM-based sea ice for present and future climates. Future projections, based on the RCP8.5 scenario, exhibit strong Arctic amplification and tropical upper warming, providing a valuable experiment with which to assess the impact of climate change on PA frequency. The MPAS-A present-climate simulations reproduce the main centers of observed PA activity, but with an eastward shift in the North Pacific and reduced amplitude in the North Atlantic. The overall frequency of positive PAs in the future simulations is similar to that in the present-day simulations, while negative PAs become less frequent. Although some regional changes emerge, the small, generally negative changes in PA frequency and meridional circulation index indicate that climate change does not lead to increased persistence of midlatitude flow anomalies or increased waviness in these simulations.
Gait Adaptations to Physical Fatigue During the Negotiation of Variable and Unexpected Obstacles
Authors: Hinkel-Lipsker Jacob W. , Stoehr Nicole M. , Lachica Isaiah J. , Rogers Sean M.
Published: April 2021

Objective

The purpose of this study was to investigate how physical fatigue impacts one’s ability to negotiate unexpected and randomly located obstacles during locomotion.

Background

Physically demanding occupations place workers at risk of trips and falls—a major health and financial burden. How worker physical fatigue and fitness impacts their ability to navigate through unpredictable environments is not thoroughly explored in current literature. In this exploratory study, we further examine these relationships.

Methods

Twenty-one young, physically fit participants completed a series of obstacle negotiation trials in the dark, where an obstacle would suddenly be illuminated as they reached it. Participants then engaged in a fatigue protocol, before repeating a series of the same negotiation trials.

Results

When fatigued, participants exhibited a significant decrease in leading toe and trailing toe clearance, as well as a significant increase in leading heel clearance. Moreover, participants stepped closer to the obstacle with their both feet on the step prior to negotiation. Participants also walked at a faster velocity. Regression analyses revealed that participants’ VO2max and height were significant predictors of foot placement metrics.

Conclusion

Results indicate that physical fatigue negatively impacts crossing mechanics of young, healthy individuals, and that a higher level of VO2 capacity may reduce the occurrences of altered crossing behavior that coincide with physical fatigue.

Application

These results highlight the effect of fatigue on worker safety during performance of job-related duties and are of interest to professionals seeking to reduce the incidence of slips, trips, and falls in the workplace.
Fixed-time adaptive general type-2 fuzzy logic control for air-breathing hypersonic vehicle
Authors: Yu Chaojun , Jiang Ju , Wang Shuo , Han Bing
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a novel fixed-time adaptive general type-2 fuzzy logical control (FAGT2FLC) scheme for an air-breathing hypersonic vehicle (AHV) with uncertainties. Firstly, the AHV dynamic model is transformed into a strict feedback form. Then, the FAGT2FLC is designed based on the transformed model to improve robustness and guarantee fixed-time convergence of the closed-loop system. The general type-2 fuzzy logic system (GT2FLS) is utilized to approximate the model uncertainties; for the purpose of designing adaptive laws, the [Formula: see text]-plane method is employed to represent the GT2FLS. A parameter projection operator is used to solve the possible singularity problem of parameter adaption. Besides, a fixed-time differentiator is used to deal with the “explosion of terms” inherent in backstepping method. Theoretical analysis based on relevant lemmas shows that the closed-loop system will converge into a small error band in fixed time. Lastly, detailed simulations are carried out to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed control scheme.
Obsolescence of the literature: A study of included studies in Cochrane reviews
Authors: Faber Frandsen Tove , Eriksen Mette Brandt , Hammer David Mortan Grøne
Published: April 2021

Ageing or obsolescence describes the process of declining use of a particular publication over time and can affect the results of a citation analyses as the length of citation window can change rankings. Obsolescence may not only vary across fields but also across subfields or sub-disciplines. The aim of this study is to determine the sub-disciplinary differences of obsolescence on a larger scale allowing for differences over time as well. The study presents the results of an analysis of 82,759 references across 53 healthcare and health policy topics. The references in this study are extracted from systematic reviews published from 2012 to 2016. The analyses of obsolescence include median citation age and mean citation age. This study finds that the median citation age and the mean citation age differ considerably across groups. For the latter indicator, an analysis of the confidence intervals confirms these differences. Using the subfield categorisation from Cochrane review groups, we found larger differences across subfields than in the citing half-lives published by Journal Citation Reports. Obsolescence is important to consider when setting the length of the citation windows. This study emphasises the vast differences across health sciences subfields. The length of the citation period is thus highly important for the results of a bibliometric evaluation or study covering fields with very varying obsolescence rates.
We’ve all got skin in the game: National Diversity Working Group: Power, Privilege and Position
Authors: Benjamin Anthea , Tucker Sarah
Published: April 2021

This article describes the thinking and processes involved in initiating the National Diversity Working Group: Power, Privilege and Position (PPP) at the Institute of Group Analysis (IGA) in the UK. It argues that while group analysis is in theory distinguished by a commitment to engaging in power differences and wider socio-political issues, this theory has not hitherto been deeply reflected in practice in the institutional culture of the IGA, reflecting a disconnect between theory and practice. This article suggests that in practice there has been lived experience of a culture of various institutional prejudices. In this context there was an increasingly urgent need to take action to address the intransigent culture around power and difference at the IGA. The PPP was needed as a response to the entrenched anti-group processes at work in maintaining institutional prejudices. Positive responses to addressing institutional racism have created opportunities for organizational change. The article explores how the PPP working group’s responses to addressing institutional racism worked to support organizational change and how this work has been instituted throughout the wider community. The article emphasizes how in response to the Black Lives Matter movement (BLM), issues concerning race have recently become focal in the PPP’s life and therefore form the focus of the article. Drawing on Brown’s notion of the ‘Monitor of Justice’ it argues that in setting up the PPP there was a harnessing of hitherto marginalized but pro-social group norms in the IGA culture in the face of anti-social institutional prejudice. In this context the article contains a detailed reflection of the lived experience of a black group analyst taking on a key leadership role in the organization by becoming the Chair of the PPP. It describes how under this leadership, working collaboratively with colleagues, PPP has become a highly innovative and creative centrifugal force in the IGA within two years. It tracks the process of culture change and how creating a safe space for experiences of marginalization within organizations can lead to wider system changes that increase inclusivity. When institutions can remain open and not become defensive about these experiences, this can lead to the wider culture being able to integrate these important experiences and adapt.
The Privacy Mismatch: Evolved Intuitions in a Digital World
Authors: Shariff Azim , Green Joe , Jettinghoff William
Published: April 2021

Although people report grave concern over their data privacy, they take little care to protect it. We suggest that this privacy paradox can be understood in part as the consequence of an evolutionary mismatch: Privacy intuitions evolved in an environment that was radically different from the one found online. This evolved privacy psychology leaves people disconnected from the consequence of online privacy threats.
The Call of the Wild: How Extremism Happens
Authors: Kruglanski Arie W. , Szumowska Ewa , Kopetz Catalina
Published: April 2021

Behavioral extremism (e.g., violent extremism, extreme humanism, or extreme athleticism) elicits fear, revulsion, pity, or admiration depending on the context. Its common image as exotic and esoteric makes extremism fascinating to audiences worldwide. The negative, antisocial and positive, prosocial cases of extremism are generally regarded as poles apart and as based on qualitatively different psychologies. By contrast, we propose that all cases of extremism, across different manifestations and levels of phylogeny, involve the same psychological mechanism. This mechanism consists of a motivational imbalance wherein a given need becomes dominant to the extent of overriding other basic concerns and liberates behaviors that the latter formerly constrained. We discuss the antecedents and consequences of such imbalance and provide empirical evidence to support our claim.
Health Insurance Reimbursement to Hospitals in Vietnam: Policy Implementation Results and Challenges
Authors: Ha Nguyen Thu , Anh Nguyen Quynh , Van Toan Phan , Huong Nguyen Thanh
Published: April 2021

In Vietnam, social health insurance (SHI) benefit package has been defined in a more explicit approach with the introduction of a regulation on the list of conditional reimbursed and non-reimbursed medical services. This paper aims to analyze the implementation results of this regulation from an economical perspective as well as the implementation challenges. Mix-method approach was employed. The quantitative component was employed to understand the implementation results. Desk study and qualitative components (2 inteviews with key informants from Ministry of Health; 6 discussions with key informants from provincial Social Security Offices and Departments of Health in Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh City, Hue, Tuyen Quang, Thai Binh and Soc Trang provinces; the other 23 discussions and 31 interviews with key informants from 23 selected hospitals) was employed to summarize the implementation challenges. The regulation seems to not able to mitigate the reimbursement of high-technology and expensive services in higher-level providers. There is a sign of increasing out-of-pocket payments for those regulated services in higher-level providers. It has also posed greater influence on lower-level providers in terms of the proportion of reimbursement amount rather than to higher-level hospitals. Applying World Health Organization’s 6 building blocks of health system to analyze the implementation challenges, we provide policymakers evidence to improve the regulation, as well as point out the relating health system weakness need to be strengthened.
Sacubitril/Valsartan to Treat Heart Failure in a Patient with Relapsing Hairy Cell Leukaemia: Case Report
Authors: Lupi Alessandro , Ariotti Sara , De Pace Doranna , Ferrari Irene , Bertuol Stefano , Monti Lorenzo , Guasti Luigina , Gaudio Giovanni Vincenzo , Campana Carlo
Published: April 2021

Experience with angiotensin-receptor neprilysin inhibitors (ARNI) in oncologic patients with heart failure (HF) is limited. We report a case of ARNI started as first-choice therapy in a patient with relapsing hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) and HF with depressed left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). A middle-aged male, previously treated with rituximab for HCL, was scheduled for cardiologic screening before starting a new antineoplastic therapy for cancer relapse. The patient had symptomatic HF with reduced LVEF and high NT-proBNP levels. In this patient, early ARNI treatment was well tolerated and produced a rapid and durable improvement of symptoms, LVEF and NT-proBNP levels. Consequently, the oncologic team could start an experimental treatment with obinutuzumab, with complete HCL remission. In conclusion, in this patient with HCL and HF, ARNI therapy was safe and effective, contributing to undelayed cancer treatment.
Diversity in Dermatology? An Assessment of Undergraduate Medical Education
Authors: Bellicoso Emily , Quick Sofia Oke , Ayoo Kennedy Otieno , Beach Renée A. , Joseph Marissa , Dahlke Erin
Published: April 2021

Background

A lack of representation of skin of color (SoC) in dermatology curricula is well-documented across North American medical schools and may present a barrier to equitable and comprehensive undergraduate medical education.

Objectives

This study aims to examine representation in dermatologic educational materials and appreciate a link between bias in dermatologic education and student diagnostic ability and self-rated confidence.

Design

The University of Toronto Dermatology Undergraduate Medical Education curriculum was examined for the percentage photographic representation of SoC. A survey of 10 multiple-choice questions was administered to first- and third-year medical students at the University of Toronto to assess diagnostic accuracy and self-rated confidence in diagnosis of 5 common skin lesions in Fitzpatrick skin phototypes (SPT) I-III (white skin) and VI-VI (SoC).

Results

The curriculum audit showed that <7% of all images of skin disease were in SoC. Diagnostic accuracy was fair for both first- (77.8% and 85.9%) and third-year (71.3% and 72.4%) cohorts in white skin and SoC, respectively. Students’ overall self-rated confidence was significantly greater in white skin when compared to SoC, in both first- (18.75/25 and 17.78/25, respectively) and third-year students (17.75/25 and 15.79/25, respectively) ( P = .0002).

Conclusions

This preliminary assessment identified a lack of confidence in diagnosing dermatologic conditions in SoC, a finding which may impact health outcomes of patients with SoC. This project is an important first step in diversifying curricular materials to provide comprehensive medical education.
Comparison Between Soccer and Basketball of Bone Bruise and Meniscal Injury Patterns in Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injuries
Authors: Shi Huijuan , Ding Li , Jiang Yanfang , Zhang Haocheng , Ren Shuang , Hu Xiaoqing , Liu Zhenlong , Huang Hongshi , Ao Yingfang
Published: April 2021

Background:

The varying effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury prevention programs between soccer and basketball may be due to differences in sport-specific injury mechanisms. Bone bruise patterns may provide information regarding injury mechanisms.

Purpose:

To compare bone bruise and meniscal injury patterns for ACL injuries sustained in soccer versus basketball.

Study Design:

Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Methods:

Clinical notes, operative reports, and magnetic resonance imaging scans were reviewed for patients who sustained a noncontact ACL rupture while playing soccer or basketball between August 2016 and August 2018. The presence, location, and signal intensity of bone bruises on the tibia and femur were documented, and patterns were classified according to the location of the bone bruise in the lateral-medial direction. The meniscal and bone bruise injury patterns and the specific bone bruise locations were compared between the soccer and basketball groups.

Results:

Overall, 138 patients were included (56 with soccer-related and 82 with basketball-related ACL injury). No significant difference between the groups was observed in bone bruise patterns ( P = .743) or meniscal injury patterns ( P = .952). Bone bruise on the lateral side only of both the femur and the tibia was the most common pattern in both soccer (41.9%) and basketball (47.0%) groups; the most common meniscal injury type was an isolated lateral meniscal injury in both soccer (50.0%) and basketball (45.0%) groups. For patients with bone bruises on both the lateral and the medial sides of both the femur and the tibia (BF+BT), the bone bruise signal intensity on the lateral side of the femur ( P < .001) and tibia ( P = .009) was significantly higher than that on the medial side for both groups. The bone bruises on the lateral side of the femur ( P < .001) and tibia ( P = .002) were significantly more anterior than those on the medial side for patients with the BF+BT pattern.

Conclusion:

No significant differences in bone bruise location or meniscal injury type were detected when comparing ACL injuries sustained during soccer versus basketball. The study results suggest a similar biomechanical loading pattern for ACL injuries in these sports.
Why Do Business Organizations Participate in Projects? Toward a Typology of Project Value Domains
Authors: Zerjav Vedran
Published: April 2021

Project scholarship suggests that an increasing volume of activities in organizations, economies, and societies occurs in the form of temporary projects. Drawing on research on project value, we aim to build a contextual understanding of why business organizations choose to participate in projects. Discussing value creation, capture, and destruction patterns for the owner, project-based firm, and the temporary project domains of project organizing, we develop a typology of project value domains for business organizations. We contribute to the theory and debate in project studies, integrating the conversations on the projectification of economies and societies with the stream of work on project value.
Minute ventilation/carbon dioxide production in patients with dysfunctional breathing
Authors: Watson Matthew , Ionescu Maria Florina , Sylvester Karl , Fuld Jonathan
Published: April 2021

Dysfunctional breathing refers to a multi-dimensional condition that is characterised by pathological changes in an individual's breathing. These changes lead to a feeling of breathlessness and include alterations in the biomechanical, psychological and physiological aspects of breathing. This makes dysfunctional breathing a hard condition to diagnose, given the diversity of aspects that contribute to the feeling of breathlessness. The disorder can debilitate individuals without any health problems, but may also be present in those with underlying cardiopulmonary co-morbidities. The ventilatory equivalent for CO2(VeqCO2) is a physiological parameter that can be measured using cardiopulmonary exercise testing. This review will explore how this single measurement can be used to aid the diagnosis of dysfunctional breathing. A background discussion about dysfunctional breathing will allow readers to comprehend its multidimensional aspects. This will then allow readers to understand howVeqCO2can be used in the wider diagnosis of dysfunctional breathing. WhilstVeqCO2cannot be used as a singular parameter in the diagnosis of dysfunctional breathing, this review supports its use within a broader algorithm to detect physiological abnormalities in patients with dysfunctional breathing. This will allow for more individuals to be accurately diagnosed and appropriately managed.
Rapid genetic adaptation to recently colonized environments is driven by genes underlying life history traits
Authors: Yin Xiaoshen , Martinez Alexander S. , Sepúlveda Maria S. , Christie Mark R.
Published: April 2021

Background

Uncovering the mechanisms underlying rapid genetic adaptation can provide insight into adaptive evolution and shed light on conservation, invasive species control, and natural resource management. However, it can be difficult to experimentally explore rapid adaptation due to the challenges associated with propagating and maintaining species in captive environments for long periods of time. By contrast, many introduced species have experienced strong selection when colonizing environments that differ substantially from their native range and thus provide a “natural experiment” for studying rapid genetic adaptation. One such example occurred when sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus), native to the northern Atlantic, naturally migrated into Lake Champlain and expanded their range into the Great Lakes via man-made shipping canals.

Results

Utilizing 368,886 genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we calculated genome-wide levels of genetic diversity (i.e.,heterozygosity andπ) for sea lamprey collected from native (Connecticut River), native but recently colonized (Lake Champlain), and invasive (Lake Michigan) populations, assessed genetic differentiation between all populations, and identified candidate genes that responded to selection imposed by the novel environments. We observed a 14 and 24% reduction in genetic diversity in Lake Michigan and Lake Champlain populations, respectively, compared to individuals from the Connecticut River, suggesting that sea lamprey populations underwent a genetic bottleneck during colonization. Additionally, we identified 121 and 43 outlier genes in comparisons between Lake Michigan and Connecticut River and between Lake Champlain and Connecticut River, respectively. Six outlier genes that contained synonymous SNPs in their coding regions and two genes that contained nonsynonymous SNPs may underlie the rapid evolution of growth (i.e., GHR), reproduction (i.e., PGR,TTC25,STARD10), and bioenergetics (i.e., OXCT1,PYGL,DIN4,SLC25A15).

Conclusions

By identifying the genomic basis of rapid adaptation to novel environments, we demonstrate that populations of invasive species can be a useful study system for understanding adaptive evolution. Furthermore, the reduction in genome-wide levels of genetic diversity associated with colonization coupled with the identification of outlier genes underlying key life history traits known to have changed in invasive sea lamprey populations (e.g.,growth, reproduction) illustrate the utility in applying genomic approaches for the successful management of introduced species.
Correction to: Psoriasis as risk factor for non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: a population-based cross-sectional study
Authors: Alshami Abbas , Alfraji Nasam , Douedi Steven , Patel Swapnil , Hossain Mohammad , Alpert Deborah , Calderon Dawn
Published: April 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Phase I dose-escalation oncology trials with sequential multiple schedules
Authors: Günhan Burak Kürsad , Weber Sebastian , Seroutou Abdelkader , Friede Tim
Published: April 2021

Background

Conventional methods for phase I dose-escalation trials in oncology are based on a single treatment schedule only. More recently, however, multiple schedules are more frequently investigated in the same trial.

Methods

Here, we consider sequential phase I trials, where the trial proceeds with a new schedule (e.g. daily or weekly dosing) once the dose escalation with another schedule has been completed. The aim is to utilize the information from both the completed and the ongoing schedules to inform decisions on the dose level for the next dose cohort. For this purpose, we adapted the time-to-event pharmacokinetics (TITE-PK) model, which were originally developed for simultaneous investigation of multiple schedules. TITE-PK integrates information from multiple schedules using a pharmacokinetics (PK) model.

Results

In a simulation study, the developed approach is compared to the bridging continual reassessment method and the Bayesian logistic regression model using a meta-analytic-predictive prior. TITE-PK results in better performance than comparators in terms of recommending acceptable dose and avoiding overly toxic doses for sequential phase I trials in most of the scenarios considered. Furthermore, better performance of TITE-PK is achieved while requiring similar number of patients in the simulated trials. For the scenarios involving one schedule, TITE-PK displays similar performance with alternatives in terms of acceptable dose recommendations. The and code for the implementation of an illustrative sequential phase I trial example in oncology is publicly available (https://github.com/gunhanb/TITEPK_sequential).

Conclusion

In phase I oncology trials with sequential multiple schedules, the use of all relevant information is of great importance. For these trials, the adapted TITE-PK which combines information using PK principles is recommended.
The impact of grey zones on the accuracy of agreement measures for ordinal tables
Authors: Tran Quoc Duyet , Dolgun Anil , Demirhan Haydar
Published: April 2021

Background

In an inter-rater agreement study, if two raters tend to rate considering different aspects of the subject of interest or have different experience levels, a grey zone occurs among the levels of a square contingency table showing the inter-rater agreement. These grey zones distort the degree of agreement between raters and negatively impact the decisions based on the inter-rater agreement tables. In this sense, it is important to know how the existence of a grey zone impacts the inter-rater agreement coefficients to choose the most reliable agreement coefficient against the grey zones to reach out with more reliable decisions.

Methods

In this article, we propose two approaches to create grey zones in simulations setting and conduct an extensive Monte Carlo simulation study to figure out the impact of having grey zones on the weighted inter-rater agreement measures for ordinal tables over a comprehensive simulation space.

Results

The weighted inter-rater agreement coefficients are not reliable against the existence of grey zones. Increasing sample size and the number of categories in the agreement table decreases the accuracy of weighted inter-rater agreement measures when there is a grey zone. When the degree of agreement between the raters is high, the agreement measures are not significantly impacted by the existence of grey zones. However, if there is a medium to low degree of inter-rater agreement, all the weighted coefficients are more or less impacted.

Conclusions

It is observed in this study that the existence of grey zones has a significant negative impact on the accuracy of agreement measures especially for a low degree of true agreement and high sample and tables sizes. In general, Gwet’s AC2 and Brennan-Prediger’s κ with quadratic or ordinal weights are reliable against the grey zones.
Role of caregiver factors in outpatient medical follow-up post-stroke: observational study in Singapore
Authors: Tyagi Shilpa , Koh Gerald Choon-Huat , Luo Nan , Tan Kelvin Bryan , Hoenig Helen , Matchar David B. , Yoong Joanne , Chan Angelique , Lee Kim En , Venketasubramanian N. , Menon Edward , Chan Kin Ming , De Silva Deidre Anne , Yap Philip , Tan Boon Yeow , Chew Effie , Young Sherry H. , Ng Yee Sien , Tu Tian Ming , Ang Yan Hoon , Kong Keng He , Singh Rajinder , Merchant Reshma A. , Chang Hui Meng , Yeo Tseng Tsai , Ning Chou , Cheong Angela , Ng Yu Li , Tan Chuen Seng
Published: April 2021

Background

Outpatient medical follow-up post-stroke is not only crucial for secondary prevention but is also associated with a reduced risk of rehospitalization. However, being voluntary and non-urgent, it is potentially determined by both healthcare needs and the socio-demographic context of stroke survivor-caregiver dyads. Therefore, we aimed to examine the role of caregiver factors in outpatient medical follow-up (primary care (PC) and specialist outpatient care (SOC)) post-stroke.

Method

Stroke survivors and caregivers from the Singapore Stroke Study, a prospective, yearlong, observational study, contributed to the study sample. Participants were interviewed 3-monthly for data collection. Counts of PC and SOC visits were extracted from the National Claims Database. Poisson modelling was used to explore the association of caregiver (and patient) factors with PC/SOC visits over 0–3 months (early) and 4–12 months (late) post-stroke.

Results

For the current analysis, 256 stroke survivors and caregivers were included. While caregiver-reported memory problems of a stroke survivor (IRR: 0.954; 95% CI: 0.919, 0.990) and caregiver burden (IRR: 0.976; 95% CI: 0.959, 0.993) were significantly associated with lower early post-stroke PC visits, co-residing caregiver (IRR: 1.576; 95% CI: 1.040, 2.389) and negative care management strategies (IRR: 1.033; 95% CI: 1.005, 1.061) were significantly associated with higher late post-stroke SOC visits.

Conclusion

We demonstrated that the association of caregiver factors with outpatient medical follow-up varied by the type of service (i.e., PC versus SOC) and temporally. Our results support family-centred care provision by family physicians viewing caregivers not only as facilitators of care in the community but also as active members of the care team and as clients requiring care and regular assessments.
Network meta-analysis of triazole, polyene, and echinocandin antifungal agents in invasive fungal infection prophylaxis in patients with hematological malignancies
Authors: Zeng Huilan , Wu Zhuman , Yu Bing , Wang Bo , Wu Chengnian , Wu Jie , Lai Jing , Gao Xiaoyan , Chen Jie
Published: April 2021

Background and aim

Triazole, polyene, and echinocandin antifungal agents are extensively used to treat invasive fungal infections (IFIs); however, the optimal prophylaxis option is not clear. This study aimed to determine the optimal agent against IFIs for patients with hematological malignancies.

Methods

Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing the effectiveness of triazole, polyene, and echinocandin antifungal agents with each other or placebo for IFIs in patients with hematological malignancies were searched. This Bayesian network meta-analysis was performed for all agents.

Results

The network meta-analyses showed that all triazoles, amphotericin B, and caspofungin, but not micafungin, reduced IFIs. Posaconazole was superior to fluconazole [odds ratio (OR), 0.30; 95% credible interval (CrI), 0.12–0.60], itraconazole (OR, 0.40; 95% CrI, 0.15–0.85), and amphotericin B (OR, 4.97; 95% CrI, 1.73–11.35). It also reduced all-cause mortality compared with fluconazole (OR, 0.35; 95% CrI, 0.08–0.96) and itraconazole (OR, 0.33; 95% CrI, 0.07–0.94), and reduced the risk of adverse events compared with fluconazole (OR, 0.02; 95% CrI, 0.00–0.03), itraconazole (OR, 0.01; 95% CrI, 0.00–0.02), posaconazole (OR, 0.02; 95% CrI, 0.00–0.03), voriconazole (OR, 0.005; 95% CrI, 0.00 to 0.01), amphotericin B (OR, 0.004; 95% CrI, 0.00–0.01), and caspofungin (OR, 0.05; 95% CrI, 0.00–0.42) despite no significant difference in the need for empirical treatment and the proportion of successful treatment.

Conclusions

Posaconazole might be an optimal prophylaxis agent because it reduced IFIs, all-cause mortality, and adverse events, despite no difference in the need for empirical treatment and the proportion of successful treatment.
Understanding the patient journey to diagnosis of lung cancer
Authors: Zhang Yichen , Simoff Michael J. , Ost David , Wagner Oliver J. , Lavin James , Nauman Beth , Hsieh Mei-Chin , Wu Xiao-Cheng , Pettiford Brian , Shi Lizheng
Published: April 2021

Objective

This research describes the clinical pathway and characteristics of two cohorts of patients. The first cohort consists of patients with a confirmed diagnosis of lung cancer while the second consists of patients with a solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) and no evidence of lung cancer. Linked data from an electronic medical record and the Louisiana Tumor Registry were used in this investigation.

Materials and methods

REACHnet is one of 9 clinical research networks (CRNs) in PCORnet®, the National Patient-Centered Clinical Research Network and includes electronic health records for over 8 million patients from multiple partner health systems. Data from Ochsner Health System and Tulane Medical Center were linked to Louisiana Tumor Registry (LTR), a statewide population-based cancer registry, for analysis of patient’s clinical pathways between July 2013 and 2017. Patient characteristics and health services utilization rates by cancer stage were reported as frequency distributions. The Kaplan-Meier product limit method was used to estimate the time from index date to diagnosis by stage in lung cancer cohort.

Results

A total of 30,559 potentially eligible patients were identified and 2929 (9.58%) had primary lung cancer. Of these, 1496 (51.1%) were documented in LTR and their clinical pathway to diagnosis was further studied. Time to diagnosis varied significantly by cancer stage. A total of 24,140 patients with an SPN were identified in REACHnet and 15,978 (66.6%) had documented follow up care for 1 year. 1612 (10%) had no evidence of any work up for their SPN. The remaining 14,366 had some evidence of follow up, primarily office visits and additional chest imaging.

Conclusion

In both cohorts multiple biopsies were evident in the clinical pathway. Despite clinical workup, 70% of patients in the lung cancer cohort had stage III or IV disease. In the SPN cohort, only 66% were identified as receiving a diagnostic work-up.
Consensus on pre-operative total knee replacement education and prehabilitation recommendations: a UK-based modified Delphi study
Authors: Anderson Anna M. , Comer Christine , Smith Toby O. , Drew Benjamin T. , Pandit Hemant , Antcliff Deborah , Redmond Anthony C. , McHugh Gretl A.
Published: April 2021

Background

Over 90,000 total knee replacement (TKR) procedures are performed annually in the United Kingdom (UK). Patients awaiting TKR face long delays whilst enduring severe pain and functional limitations. Almost 20% of patients who undergo TKR are not satisfied post-operatively. Optimising pre-operative TKR education and prehabilitation could help improve patient outcomes pre- and post-operatively; however, current pre-operative TKR care varies widely. Definitive evidence on the optimal content and delivery of pre-operative TKR care is lacking. This study aimed to develop evidence- and consensus-based recommendations on pre-operative TKR education and prehabilitation.

Methods

A UK-based, three-round, online modified Delphi study was conducted with a 60-member expert panel. All panellists had experience of TKR services as patients (n = 30) or professionals (n = 30). Round 1 included initial recommendations developed from a mixed methods rapid review. Panellists rated the importance of each item on a five-point Likert scale. Panellists could also suggest additional items in Round 1. Rounds 2 and 3 included all items from Round 1, new items suggested in Round 1 and charts summarising panellists’ importance ratings from the preceding round. Free-text responses were analysed using content analysis. Quantitative data were analysed descriptively. All items rated as ‘Important’ or ‘Very important’ by at least 70% of all respondents in Round 3 were included in the final set of recommendations.

Results

Fifty-five panellists (92%) (patients n = 26; professionals n = 29) completed Round 3. Eighty-six recommendation items were included in Round 1. Fifteen new items were added in Round 2. Rounds 2 and 3 therefore included 101 items. Seventy-seven of these reached consensus in Round 3. Six items reached consensus amongst patient or professional panellists only in Round 3. The final set of recommendations comprises 34 education topics, 18 education delivery approaches, 10 exercise types, 13 exercise delivery approaches and two other treatments.

Conclusions

This modified Delphi study developed a comprehensive set of recommendations that represent a useful resource for guiding decision-making on the content and delivery of pre-operative TKR education and prehabilitation. The recommendations will need to be interpreted and reviewed periodically in light of emerging evidence.