bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“I had no idea until now”: preparing doctoral students in education for the professoriate
Authors: Renbarger Rachel L. , Rehfeld David Michael , Sulak Tracey
Published: November 2021

Purpose

With the number of doctoral degrees awarded increasing and full-time and tenure-track jobs decreasing, doctoral graduates are entering a fierce job market. Lack of knowledge and support about navigating the job market can impact graduates' mental health and chances of securing long-term employment, but many graduates claim their programs provide little professional development in this area. The purpose of this study is to understand doctoral students' job preparation after participating in a departmental seminar.

Design/methodology/approach

The current explanatory sequential mixed methods, single case study investigated students' perceptions following a year-long seminar in job market navigation.

Findings

Students attending the seminar did not differ from those who did not attend on feelings of preparedness, number of application documents completed, or curriculum vita quality scores.

Research limitations/implications

Researchers may have limited ability to implement graduate student interventions given the power structures of faculty life and the lack of graduate student time.

Practical implications

The results suggest informal seminars may not be enough to support doctoral students' job market skills.

Social implications

This has implications for department chairs and deans to create faculty development opportunities to pivot to a student-centered culture rather than relying on faculty or external support to help graduate students prepare for the job market.

Originality/value

This case study provides insight as to how graduate students' job market anxieties are at odds with the current demands and structure of educational doctoral programs.
Vernacular and World Heritage Impact Assessment: the case study of Patmos
Authors: Dipasquale Letizia , Montoni Lucia , Montacchini Alessia , Mecca Saverio
Published: November 2021

Purpose

This article aims to raising awareness on the potential of the application of the Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) methodology – developed by ICOMOS in 2011 – with a focus on UNESCO World Heritage sites that are characterized by a widespread presence of vernacular architecture, one of the most vulnerable and fragile typologies of heritage.

Design/methodology/approach

Starting from a theoretical introduction about the recognition of vernacular heritage into the international non-governmental panorama, and the dynamics that are mostly affecting it, the present contribution focuses on the case study of the Chora of Patmos (Greece), a UNESCO World Heritage site since 1999. The research has been carried out as follows: (1) comparative analysis of selected literature for the theoretical part; (2) field research; (3) interdisciplinary research for understanding the features of the site and assessing potential risks; (4) project design and assessments of the potential impacts.

Findings

The pivotal application of the HIA method on the case study of Patmos highlighted the importance of the methodology as an essential tool for facilitating management and safeguarding WH sites from possible threats due to development projects on vernacular architecture.

Originality/value

The originality of the research presented here lies in the connection between three different topics: vernacular architecture, Heritage Impact Assessment and Sustainable World Heritage Management. In fact, its goal is to bring cultural heritage management and sustainable development closer together, by emphasizing that HIA should not be used as a tool to hinder development, but as a practice for shaping and evaluating projects that might alter or compromise the integrity and authenticity of WH sites in a sustainable and balanced way.
The innovation ecosystem in rural tourism and hospitality – a systematic review of innovation in rural tourism
Authors: Madanaguli Arun , Kaur Puneet , Mazzoleni Alberto , Dhir Amandeep
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Innovation in rural tourism and hospitality (RT) is a complex process that involves the exchange of knowledge and resources between many actors and the interrelationships between those actors in the business environment. The purpose of this paper is to provide structure to this “knowledge and resource ecosystem” through a thorough systematic review of the extant literature.

Design/methodology/approach

The current study uses a time-tested and reproducible systematic literature review process to identify and analyse 79 research papers that have discussed innovation in RT.

Findings

Through content analyses, this review identifies critical stakeholders in the innovation ecosystem, as well as the enabling and hindering roles these stakeholders play in innovation. The thematic analysis uncovers three key research foci: stakeholders and their roles, outcomes of innovation and business model innovation. The review also identifies types of innovation and critically analyses the bibliographical research profile. The authors summarise the findings in an RT innovation ecosystem model, which includes the various actors and their knowledge and resource sharing roles within the business environment.

Originality/value

This is one of the first systematic reviews to concentrate on RT innovation and, within that focus, on knowledge and resource networks in particular rather than on innovation in tourism in general, which was the focus of prior reviews. The authors encourage cross-pollination of ideas by introducing theories from the strategic management, innovation, knowledge management and business model innovation literature wherever appropriate. To consolidate and present the findings on the innovation process’s antecedents and outcomes, the authors present an ecosystem of innovation within the RT framework.
Can textual analysis solve the underpricing puzzle? A US REIT study
Authors: Paulus Nino Martin , Koelbl Marina , Schaefers Wolfgang
Published: November 2021

Purpose

Although many theories aim to explain initial public offering (IPO) underpricing, initial-day returns of US Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) IPOs remain a “puzzle”. The literature on REIT IPOs has focused on indirect quantitative proxies for information asymmetries between REITs and investors to determine IPO underpricing. This study, however, proposes textual analysis to exploit the qualitative information, revealed through one of the most important documents during the IPO process – Form S-11 – as a direct measure of information asymmetries.

Design/methodology/approach

This study determines the level of uncertain language in the prospectus, as well as its similarity to recently filed registration statements, to assess whether textual features can solve the underpricing puzzle. It assumes that uncertain language makes it more difficult for potential investors to price the issue and thus increases underpricing. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that a higher similarity to previous filings indicates that the prospectus provides little useful information and thus does not resolve existing information asymmetries, leading to increased underpricing.

Findings

Contrary to expectations, this research does not find a statistically significant association between uncertain language in Form S-11 and initial-day returns. This result is interpreted as suggesting that uncertain language in the prospectus does not reflect the issuer's expectations about the company's future prospects, but rather is necessary because of forecasting difficulties and litigation risk. Analyzing disclosure similarity instead, this study finds a statistically and economically significant impact of qualitative information on initial-day returns. Thus, REIT managers may reduce underpricing by voluntarily providing more information to potential investors in Form S-11.

Practical implications

The results demonstrate that textual analysis can in fact help to explain underpricing of US REIT IPOs, as qualitative information in Forms S-11 decreases information asymmetries between US REIT managers and investors, thus reducing underpricing. Consequently, REIT managers are incentivized to provide as much information as possible to reduce underpricing, while investors could use textual analysis to identify offerings that promise the highest returns.

Originality/value

This is the first study which applies textual analysis to corporate disclosures of US REITs in order to explain IPO underpricing.
Carillion: building on shaky ground
Authors: Smith Susan
Published: November 2021

Research methodology

The case uses Carillion plc, a company which focussed on providing maintenance, facilities management and energy services to buildings and large property estates, in public and private sectors; infrastructure services for roads, railways and utility networks, with contracts including road and hospital construction and many strategic service contracts, e.g. free school meals. The case uses financial analysis techniques to explore whether the failure was foreseeable and questions the extent to which existing international financial reporting standards support or inhibit the decision usefulness they aspire to. The case uses only publicly available information.

Complexity academic level

This case can be used in undergraduate financial reporting and current issues in accounting courses/modules at the postgraduate level.
Effects of the consumption of guarana on human health: A narrative review
Authors: Torres Elizabeth A. F. S. , Pinaffi‐Langley Ana Clara da C. , Figueira Marcela de Souza , Cordeiro Karina Silva , Negrão Leonardo Dias , Soares Maiara Jurema , da Silva Cintia Pereira , Alfino Maria Carolina Zsigovics , Sampaio Geni Rodrigues , de Camargo Adriano Costa
Published: November 2021

Guarana (Paullinia cupana) is a plant from the Amazon region with cultural importance. Despite its early ancestral use by indigenous tribes, the first reports regarding the benefits of guarana consumption for human health were published in the 19th century. Since then, the use of guarana seed in powder and extract forms has been studied for its diverse effects on human health, such as stimulating, anti‐inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, hypocholesterolemic, and anti‐obesity effects. These effects are attributed to the high content of bioactive compounds found in guarana seeds, especially methylxanthines and flavonoids. In fact, the Brazilian Food Supplement Law has officially acknowledged guarana as a source of bioactive compounds. The number and diversity of studies focused on guarana and human health are increasing; thus, organizing and describing the available evidence on guarana and its applications is necessary to provide a framework for future studies. In this narrative review, we have organized the available information regarding guarana and its potential effects on human health. Guarana produces unique fruits with great potential for human health applications. However, the available evidence lacks human studies and mechanistic investigations. Future studies should be designed considering its applicability to human health, including intake levels and toxicity studies.
Decolonising methodologies: Emergent learning in island research
Authors: Farbotko Carol , Watson Phillipa , Kitara Taukiei , Stratford Elaine
Published: November 2021

This article documents an attempt to decolonise our approach to methodology to explicitly show respect for islands and their islanders. Our twin starting points are an awareness of a turn to the Anthropocene in studies related to islands and an appreciation of the imperative to think outside colonial frames. The Anthropocene has been conceived as both an enduring colonising force and a significant moment in decolonisation, and islands have been viewed as emblematic of the Anthropocene, so the relationship between them is complex. These dynamic conceptions raise dilemmas for those wanting to apply methodologies to island research and negotiate ethical relations across multiple geographies and knowledge systems. For those whose cultures have been subjected to colonial oppressions, there are emotional and material costs and varied risks in participating in attempts to decolonise island research. Settler researchers seeking to ally themselves with others to advance such agendas and aspirations may slow or damage decolonising practices if they act without appropriate permissions, respectful commitments to support and understand decolonisation, and preparedness to engage in deep learning about what decolonisation of knowledge means. With these challenges in mind, we detail an approach to decolonising one of our own island research projects in ways that are enriched by a Tuvaluan concept, Fale Pili, which means treating a neighbour’s problems as your own.
Microencapsulation of Osmanthus essential oil by interfacial polymerization: Optimization, characterization, release kinetics, and storage stability of essential oil from microcapsules
Authors: Liu Yanhong , Liu Mengyao , Zhao Juan , Wang Dezhen , Zhang Lingling , Wang Hui , Cao Wanqi , Wang Shuo
Published: November 2021

In this paper, the interface polymerization method was used to prepare Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules. The optimal preparation process of Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules was explored as follows: the dosage ratio of Osmanthus essential oil to N100 was 6:1, the reaction temperature was 70°C, and the reaction time was 2 h. The encapsulation efficiency of Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules could reach 80.31%. The particle size distribution, morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the obtained microcapsules were characterized by laser particle size analyzer, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. The release kinetics and storage stability experiments of the microcapsules were studied. The results showed that the average volume diameter of the microcapsules was 101.2 µm. The microcapsules were in the shape of full spheres, with a smooth surface, low viscosity, and high elasticity. Microencapsulation improved the thermal stability of Osmanthus essential oil and promoted the slow release of essential oil. The synthesized microcapsules showed good storage stability under refrigerated and dark conditions, which indicated that microcapsules had broad application prospects in food, medicine, and other fields.

Practical Application

In this study, we prepared a polyurea membrane to encapsulate Osmanthus essential oil microcapsules by interfacial polymerization. The encapsulation conditions of the microcapsules were optimized and the structure of the microcapsules was characterized in this study. The results showed that microcapsules had a full spherical shape with a smooth surface, high elasticity, good sustained‐release ability, good thermal stability, and storage stability. These properties indicated that microcapsules have good application prospects and can be used as a high‐quality flavor with a long residual effect and high thermal stability for food and cosmetic scope.
Long‐read assembly of the Chinese indigenous Ningxiang pig genome and identification of genetic variations in fat metabolism among different breeds
Authors: Ma Haiming , Jiang Juan , He Jun , Liu Huifang , Han Lingling , Gong Yan , Li Biao , Yu Zonggang , Tang Shengguo , Zhang Yuebo , Duan Yehui , Yin Yulong , Zeng Qinghua , Yi Jiacheng , He Xinglong , Zeng Yongbo , Kim Kung Seok , Xu Kang , Liang Fan , He Jianhua
Published: November 2021

Advances in long‐read sequencing technology and genome assembly provide an opportunity to improve the pig genome and reveal the full range of structural variations (SVs) between local Chinese and European pigs. To date, little is known about the genomes of some unique Chinese indigenous breeds, such as the Ningxiang pig. Here, we report the sequencing and assembly of a highly contiguous Ningxiang pig genome (NX) via an integration of PacBio single‐molecule real‐time sequencing, Illumina next‐generation sequencing, BioNano optical mapping and Hi‐C (chromosome conformation capture) approaches. The assembled genome comprises 2.44 Gb with a contig N50 of 26.1 Mb and 418 contigs in total. These contigs are organized into 121 scaffolds with a scaffold N50 of 139.0 Mb. More than 99.1% of the assembled sequence could be localized to 19 pseudochromosomes and is annotated with 20,914 protein‐coding genes and 34.04% repetitive sequences. Comparisons between the NX and European Duroc assemblies revealed many SVs in genes involved in the immune system, nervous system, lipid metabolism and environmental adaptation. The genetic variants include 47 Chinese domestic pig‐specific SVs and the associated 74 genes may contribute to the differences in domestic traits compared to European pigs. Moreover, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) identified from whole genome resequencing data of 73 Chinese pigs, representing 17 geographically isolated breeds, showed their specific genetic variations, population structure and evolutionary patterns. Finally, we explore transcriptional regulation in the first intron of the MYL4 gene, as the genomic SV (281‐bp deletion) in Ningxiang pig promotes its subcutaneous fat compared to European pig breeds. This work identifies a set of Asian‐specific SVs and SNPs, which will be important resources for modern pig breeding and genetic conservation.
Advertising Expenditures on Media Vehicles and Sales*
Authors: Oz Seda , Istanbulluoglu Doga
Published: November 2021

This research aims to advance the literature by identifying the association between four advertising media vehicles (Internet, press, outdoor, television) and contemporaneous sales. Previous research highlights the influence of advertising on firm value but does not delve into the effects of advertising media vehicles. Employing primary data, which detail the advertising expenditures of 88 publicly traded companies over 11 years, we empirically show a positive association between television and outdoor advertising expenditures and contemporaneous sales. However, we do not find any significant results for press and Internet advertising. We investigate the moderating effect of the growth opportunities, industry sectors, and firm size. Our study offers important evidence that the contemporaneous relationship between sales and advertising expenditures varies by media vehicle. We discuss the implications of our findings for the matching principle, a principal concept in accrual accounting.
Regulation‐induced Disclosures: Evidence of Information Overload?
Authors: Impink Joost , Paananen Mari , Renders Annelies
Published: November 2021

Researchers, regulators, and practitioners have expressed concerns that the increase in disclosures in annual reports of firms over the past decades has resulted in unintended consequences for financial statement users. We investigate whether increases in disclosure requirements are associated with increased difficulty to use financial statements. We create an index measuring firms' increasing exposure to regulation‐induced disclosures in their 10‐K filings and show that a higher index is on average associated with longer analyst delay, lower analyst accuracy, and higher dispersion. Consistent with information overload theory, we also find evidence consistent with an inverted‐U curve: As regulation‐induced disclosures increase, the decision quality of analysts initially increases. However, above a certain level of disclosures, increases in disclosures are associated with a decrease in the decision quality of analysts, as evidenced by an increase in analyst delay and dispersion and a decrease in accuracy. In addition, these adverse effects are more pronounced when analysts are less experienced, follow more firms, and have access to fewer resources. Overall, the findings suggest that increases in regulation‐induced disclosures, above a certain level, are associated with information overload.
Political homophily, bifurcated social reality, and perceived legitimacy of the 2020 US presidential election results: A four‐wave longitudinal study
Authors: Blanchar John C. , Norris Catherine J.
Published: November 2021

We report the results from a four‐wave longitudinal study (N = 951–1349) investigating perceptions of the 2020 US Presidential Election as legitimate. Specifically, the role of homophily (“love of same”) was examined in creating politically homogenous social and informational networks that facilitate and amplify polarized perceptions of the election's legitimacy and belief in voter fraud across time. Consistent with our hypotheses, Trump voters’ susceptibility to misinformation about voter fraud and refusals to accept the election results as legitimate drastically increased to the extent to which they were entrenched in politically homophilic networks. Biden voters modestly strengthened their views of the election results as legitimate when entrenched in politically homophilic networks. Moreover, the influence of politically homophilic networks in facilitating this polarization grew stronger with the passage of time. Longitudinal modeling revealed that, among Trump voters, politically homophilic networks decreased perceptions of election legitimacy through increased belief in voter fraud.
Human breast tumor derived endothelial cells exhibit distinct biological properties
Authors: Hegde Mangala , Bhat Sharath Mohan , Guruprasad Kanive Parashiva , Moka Rajasekhar , Ramachandra Lingadakai , Satyamoorthy Kapaettu , Joshi Manjunath B.
Published: November 2021

Background Information

Excessive angiogenesis characterized by leaky, tortuous, and chaotic vasculature is one of the hallmarks of cancers and is significantly correlated to poor prognosis. Disorganized angiogenesis leads to poor perfusion of anti‐cancer drugs and limits access to immune cells. Hence, impeding angiogenesis is one of the attractive therapeutic targets to inhibit progression and metastasis in several solid tumors including breast.

Results

We have developed a robust and reproducible method for isolating and ex vivo culture of endothelial cells (EC) derived from non‐malignant (Endo‐N) and malignant (Endo‐T) part from clinically characterized human breast tumors. RT‐PCR and immunoblotting analysis indicated that these cells exhibited expression of endothelial specific genes such as PECAM‐1 (CD31), Endoglin (CD105), eNOS, VE‐cadherin, VCAM1, and MCAM. Vasculogenic mimicry and contamination of progenitor EC recruited in tumors was ruled out by absence of CD133 expression and normal karyotype. Both the cell types showed stable expression of CD31 and CD105 up to seven passages. Furthermore, compared to Endo‐N cells, Endo‐T cells showed (a) constitutively increased proliferation marked by nearly 36% of cells in mitotic phase, (b) requirement of glutamine for cell survival, (c) pro‐migratory phenotype, (d) produced increased number of sprouts in 3D cultures, and (e) resistance to sorafenib.

Conclusion

Tumor derived EC showed distinct biological properties compared to normal breast EC.

Significance

Our method for isolating endothelial cell types from human breast tumors may be explored to (a) understand cellular and molecular mechanisms, (b) screen anti‐angiogenic molecules, and (c) formulate organoid cultures to develop personalized medicine facilitating better clinical management of breast cancers.
Typology of Indigenous health system governance in Canada
Authors: Marchildon Gregory P. , Lavoie Josée G. , Harrold H. James
Published: November 2021

Originally established as an expression of self‐determination, Indigenous‐governed health systems now play an important role in shaping the delivery of health programs and services in Canada. Operating in very diverse geographic, political and social contexts, these Indigenous health systems are highly heterogeneous. To better understand these differences, a typology is constructed based on three areas of decision‐making space: governance rules, financing and accountability mechanisms. The nature of the relationship and in particular, the degree of control exercised by Indigenous communities over their respective health systems in relation to federal, provincial and territorial governments, is also assessed. The resulting five‐level typology organizes Indigenous health systems into broad and strong control to moderate and narrow control. Although this typology is based on current governance arrangements, it nevertheless presents a baseline for the study of future innovations in Indigenous health systems as well as new types of provincial and territorial government engagement by Indigenous governments and organizations.
The acute effects of milk intake on calcium homeostasis and cardiovascular outcome: A randomized crossover trial in postmenopausal women
Authors: Espersen Rasmus , Rejnmark Lars
Published: November 2021

Objective

The importance of calcium intake from dairy in regard to cardiovascular health has been investigated in several studies with discrepant results. Hence, we aim to investigate the immediate effects of milk intake on cardiovascular function.

Design

A randomized crossover study with at least 10 days for washout between the two interventions, 500 ml of water with 200 µg of cholecalciferol or 500 ml of semi‐skimmed milk containing approximately 600 mg of calcium with 200 µg of cholecalciferol.

Patients

Twenty community‐based postmenopausal women aged 60–80 years.

Measurements

Parathyroid hormone and ionized calcium were measured at baseline and after 2 and 4 h on each study day. Pulse wave analysis and velocity were measured at baseline and after 4 h on each study day.

Results

Compared to water, milk intake increased ionized calcium levels by 0.02 mmol/L (p = .029) and decreased parathyroid hormone levels by 1.78 pmol/L (p < .001). The two interventions caused no changes as measured 4 h after the intervention in the following indices of cardiovascular health; pulse wave velocity, brachial diastolic or systolic blood pressure, central diastolic or systolic blood pressure, mean arterial pressure, pulse pressure, augmentation pressure, augmentation index, heart rate or pulse transit time.

Conclusions

Despite significant changes in calcium homeostasis with increased levels of ionized calcium following milk intake, no acute effects seem to occur on measures of cardiovascular health.
Constrictive pericarditis following heart transplantation: Reality or fiction?
Authors: Fadel Bahaa M. , Mahjoub Haifa , Salem Elias J. , Kazzi Brigitte E. , Echahidi Najmeddine , Mohty Dania
Published: November 2021

Constrictive pericarditis (CP) is a curable cause of diastolic heart failure with prior cardiac surgery being a recognizable etiology. We report a patient who developed CP one year following heart transplantation. Several clinical and imaging related factors may lead to diagnostic delays in similar patients, including the mistaken belief that transplanted hearts are devoid of pericardium and thus do not develop constriction. Post‐transplantation pericardial effusion, mediastinitis, and cardiac rejection predispose to future CP. Caretakers should consider this entity in allograft recipients who develop heart failure symptoms of unclear etiology.
Muscle magnetic resonance imaging in myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1): Refining muscle involvement and implications for clinical trials
Authors: Garibaldi Matteo , Nicoletti Tommaso , Bucci Elisabetta , Fionda Laura , Leonardi Luca , Morino Stefania , Tufano Laura , Alfieri Girolamo , Lauletta Antonio , Merlonghi Gioia , Perna Alessia , Rossi Salvatore , Ricci Enzo , Alonso Perez Jorge , Tartaglione Tommaso , Petrucci Antonio , Pennisi Elena Maria , Salvetti Marco , Cutter Gary , Díaz‐Manera Jordi , Silvestri Gabriella , Antonini Giovanni
Published: November 2021

Background

Only a few studies have reported muscle imaging data on small cohorts of patients with myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1). We aimed to investigate the muscle involvement in a large cohort of patients in order to refine the pattern of muscle involvement, to better understand the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle weakness, and to identify potential imaging biomarkers for disease activity and severity.

Methods

One hundred and thirty‐four DM1 patients underwent a cross‐sectional muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study. Short tau inversion recovery (STIR) and T1 sequences in the lower and upper body were analyzed. Fat replacement, muscle atrophy and STIR positivity were evaluated using three different scales. Correlations between MRI scores, clinical features and genetic background were investigated.

Results

The most frequent pattern of muscle involvement in T1 consisted of fat replacement of the tongue, sternocleidomastoideus, paraspinalis, gluteus minimus, distal quadriceps and gastrocnemius medialis. Degree of fat replacement at MRI correlated with clinical severity and disease duration, but not with CTG expansion. Fat replacement was also detected in milder/asymptomatic patients. More than 80% of patients had STIR‐positive signals in muscles. Most DM1 patients also showed a variable degree of muscle atrophy regardless of MRI signs of fat replacement. A subset of patients (20%) showed a ‘marbled’ muscle appearance.

Conclusions

Muscle MRI is a sensitive biomarker of disease severity alsofor the milder spectrum of disease. STIR hyperintensity seems to precede fat replacement in T1. Beyond fat replacement, STIR positivity, muscle atrophy and a ‘marbled’ appearance suggest further mechanisms of muscle wasting and weakness in DM1, representing additional outcome measures and therapeutic targets for forthcoming clinical trials.
A new open‐path eddy covariance method for nitrous oxide and other trace gases that minimizes temperature corrections
Authors: Pan Da , Gelfand Ilya , Tao Lei , Abraha Michael , Sun Kang , Guo Xuehui , Chen Jiquan , Robertson G. Philip , Zondlo Mark A.
Published: November 2021

Low‐power, open‐path gas sensors enable eddy covariance (EC) flux measurements in remote areas without line power. However, open‐path flux measurements are sensitive to fluctuations in air temperature, pressure, and humidity. Laser‐based, open‐path sensors with the needed sensitivity for trace gases like methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) are impacted by additional spectroscopic effects. Corrections for these effects, especially those related to temperature fluctuations, often exceed the flux of gases, leading to large uncertainties in the associated fluxes. For example, the density and spectroscopic corrections arising from temperature fluctuations can be one or two orders of magnitude greater than background N2O fluxes. Consequently, measuring background fluxes with laser‐based, open‐path sensors is extremely challenging, particularly for N2O and gases with similar high‐precision requirements. We demonstrate a new laser‐based, open‐path N2O sensor and a general approach applicable to other gases that minimizes temperature‐related corrections for EC flux measurements. The method identifies absorption lines with spectroscopic effects in the opposite direction of density effects from temperature and, thus, density and spectroscopic effects nearly cancel one another. The new open‐path N2O sensor was tested at a corn (Zea maysL.) field in Southwestern Michigan, United States. The sensor had an optimal precision of 0.1 ppbv at 10 Hz and power consumption of 50 W. Field trials showed that temperature‐related corrections were 6% of density corrections, reducing EC random errors by 20‐fold compared to previously examined lines. Measured open‐path N2O EC fluxes showed excellent agreement with those made with static chambers (m = 1.0 ± 0.3;r2 = .96). More generally, we identified absorption lines for CO2and CH4 flux measurements that can reduce the temperature‐related corrections by 10–100 times compared to existing open‐path sensors. The proposed method provides a new direction for future open‐path sensors, facilitating the expansion of accurate EC flux measurements.
Can the digital economy promote FinTech development?
Authors: Chen Xiaohui , Yan Dou , Chen Wen
Published: November 2021

Based on theoretical analysis and both the digital economy development index and the FinTech development index, we use a time and individual two‐way fixed effects model to study the impact of the digital economy on FinTech, and the mechanism at work. Our results show that the digital economy can promote FinTech development and that this development level will increase by 12.4117 standard deviations each time the development level of the digital economy increases by one standard deviation. The underlying mechanism is that the digital economy augments the level of technological innovation to promote FinTech development; the digital economy enhances the FinTech development level by improving the quality of credit assets. Further research shows that the digital economy's promotion effect on FinTech is heterogeneous, given the proportion of agricultural loans: the higher the proportion of agricultural loans, the lower the digital economy's promotion effect on FinTech.
Can macroprudential policies mitigate pressures from capital inflows on real exchange rates? Empirical evidence from emerging markets
Authors: Cavoli Tony , Gopalan Sasidaran , Rajan Ramkishen S.
Published: November 2021

Can macroprudential policies (MaPs) mitigate the pressures from capital inflows on real exchange rates in emerging markets? We investigate this question empirically for a large panel of emerging markets, factoring in the heterogeneity of capital inflows. Exploiting a comprehensive dataset on MaPs for a panel of 85 countries spanning the time‐period 2000–2017, we empirically examine the association between different types of gross capital flows and real effective exchange rates (REER) and assess whether there is a role for MaPs in influencing that relationship. We find that the imposition of MaPs helps counter REER appreciation only when it results from higher gross portfolio debt inflows. In other words, the moderating impact of MaPs on REER varies by the type of capital flows. We also show that these results hold only for countries with high degrees of financial development, possibly because MaPs work primarily via the financial system and hence there needs to be a reasonable level of financial development for them to be effective.
Identification of a novel tumour microenvironment‐based prognostic biomarker in skin cutaneous melanoma
Authors: Yang Rong‐Hua , Liang Bo , Li Jie‐Hua , Pi Xiao‐Bing , Yu Kai , Xiang Shi‐Jian , Gu Ning , Chen Xiao‐Dong , Zhou Si‐Tong
Published: November 2021

Skin cutaneous melanoma (SKCM) is one of the most destructive skin malignancies and has attracted worldwide attention. However, there is a lack of prognostic biomarkers, especially tumour microenvironment (TME)‐based prognostic biomarkers. Therefore, there is an urgent need to investigate the TME in SKCM, as well as to identify efficient biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of SKCM patients. A comprehensive analysis was performed using SKCM samples from The Cancer Genome Atlas and normal samples from Genotype‐Tissue Expression. TME scores were calculated using the ESTIMATE algorithm, and differential TME scores and differentially expressed prognostic genes were successively identified. We further identified more reliable prognostic genes via least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression analysis and constructed a prognostic prediction model to predict overall survival. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy, and Cox regression analysis was applied to explore the relationship with clinicopathological characteristics. Finally, we identified a novel prognostic biomarker and conducted a functional enrichment analysis. After considering ESTIMATEScore and tumour purity as differential TME scores, we identified 34 differentially expressed prognostic genes. Using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator regression, we identified seven potential prognostic biomarkers (SLC13A5, RBM24, IGHV3OR16‐15, PRSS35, SLC7A10, IGHV1‐69D and IGHV2‐26). Combined with receiver operating characteristic and regression analyses, we determined PRSS35 as a novel TME‐based prognostic biomarker in SKCM, and functional analysis enriched immune‐related cells, functions and signalling pathways. Our study indicated that PRSS35 could act as a potential prognostic biomarker in SKCM by investigating the TME, so as to provide new ideas and insights for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of SKCM.
The novel use of lauromacrogol: A respective study of ultrasound‐guided sclerosant injection for cesarean scar pregnancy
Authors: Zhu Linling , Gao Jiansong , Yang Xinyun , Qian Liang , Wang Yanjing , Zhang Hongyun , Chen Beibei , Li Dingheng
Published: November 2021

Aim

To introduce the novel use of lauromacrogol for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP), and to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of curettage combined with ultrasound‐guided sclerosant injection (USI) and curettage following uterine artery embolization (UAE) in the treatment of CSP.

Methods

CSP patients undergoing curettage combined with USI (n = 72) from December 2014 to May 2020 were compared to patient with curettage following UAE (n = 72).The basic clinical findings and clinical outcomes were reviewed between the two groups.

Results

For USI group, 69 patients underwent successful treatment (95.8% success rate), while the number of cured patients for the UAE group was 70 (97.2% success rate). Differences between USI group and UAE group in intraoperative blood loss (10.0 [10.0–20.0] vs. 10.0 [10.0–20.0] mL) and time for serum β human chorionic gonadotropin (β‐hCG) to reduce to normal (28.0 [21.0–40.0] vs. 28.0 [21.0–35.0] days) were not statistically significant. The hospital stay for USI group was significantly shorter than that for UAE group (4.0 [4.0–6.0] vs. 6.0 [5.0–7.0] days, respectively). Statistically significant decreases were noted in hospitalization expenses and adverse events in USI group, compared to UAE group. There was no difference in live birth rate between the two groups with fertility intentions during the follow‐up.

Conclusion

For treatment of CSP, curettage combined with USI yielded clinical results comparable to those of curettage following UAE. Curettage combined with USI was associated with lower hospitalization expenses, shorter hospital stay and less complications, and it merited an effective and safe treatment for CSP.
Solid oral medications' suitability for use in enteral feeding tubes
Authors: Teder Kersti , Jõhvik Liisa , Meos Andres , Saar Marika , Visbek Alesya , Volmer Daisy , Karjagin Juri
Published: November 2021

Background

There is a lack of specific data about the efficacy and safety of medications administered via feeding tubes, although there is a general awareness that not all drug formulations are suitable.

Aims and objectives

To overview the current situation with solid medications administered through feeding tubes in the Tartu University Hospital intensive care units. To evaluate the availability of information on the suitability of drug formulations for administration via feeding tubes.

Design

This was a descriptive retrospective document analysis study.

Methods

During visits to the intensive care units, medication data for current patients were collected from paper medical charts and nurses. In addition, package information leaflets, summaries of product characteristics, and two practical handbooks were used for evaluating the medicines' suitability for administration via feeding tubes. A request for information was also sent to manufacturers or marketing authorization holders.

Results

In 3 months, data were collected from 113 intensive care patients' medical charts. A total of 306 medication administrations via feeding tubes were documented and analysed, 67% of which were solid oral dosage forms. Exactly 91.2% of these were conventional tablets. After the analysis of information availability, 88% of the medications were classified as suitable for administration via feeding tubes, but only 48% had the manufacturer‐provided information.

Conclusion

This study showed that the information about the suitability of formulations administration through a feeding tube is not readily available for almost half of the medications. The manufacturers seem to have the relevant information, but it is not always added to their medications' official information, putting these patients at higher risk for errors.

Relevance to Clinical Practice

This study shows that if there is no clear statement about administration through feeding tubes on official manufacturers' information, this should be sought directly from manufacturers or marketing authorization holders, and the data could be incorporated into local guidelines.
Blameworthiness, desert, and luck
Authors: Berman Mitchell N.
Published: November 2021

Philosophers disagree about whether outcome luck can affect an agent's “moral responsibility.” Focusing on responsibility's “negative side,” some maintain, and others deny, that an action's results bear constitutively on how “blameworthy” the actor is, and on how much blame or punishment they “deserve.” Crucially, both sides to the debate assume that an actor's blameworthiness and negative desert are equally affected—or unaffected—by an action's results. This article challenges that previously overlooked assumption, arguing that blameworthiness and desert are distinct moral notions that serve distinct normative functions: blameworthiness serves aliabilityfunction (removing a bar to otherwise impermissible treatments), whereas desert serves afavoringfunction (contributing new value to states of affairs, or providing new reasons for responsive treatments). Having distinguished (negative) desert from blameworthiness, the article proposes a novel resolution to the outcome‐luck debate: that results do not affect an agent's liability to blame, but do affect the amount and severity of blame to which the agent is justly liable, including by affecting the severity of blame that the agent deserves.
Psoriasis and seasonal variation: A systematic review on reports from Northern and Central Europe—Little overall variation but distinctive subsets with improvement in summer or wintertime
Authors: Jensen Kimie Kronberg , Serup Jørgen , Alsing Kasper Køhler
Published: November 2021

Background

Positive influence of the sun on psoriasis is a common assumption in dermatology. Other season‐related factors such as mental health may interfere. However, the role of seasonal effects on psoriasis needs to be clarified. This review aims to systematically analyze the literature on seasonal variation on psoriasis with emphasis on Northern and Central Europe representing temperate climate conditions.

Materials and methods

Enrolled literature was identified through PubMed, EMBASE, and BIOSIS. An additional manual search of old reports before the introduction of efficient modern therapies, which can interfere with the spontaneous disease, was performed.

Results

Thirteen studies were enrolled. About 50% of psoriasis patients were stable and showed no seasonal difference between seasons. Approximately 30% improved in summer, and 20% performed better in winter, some with marked summer worsening. European results matched international reports from different continents and hemispheres with climate extremes. The psychological effects could not be ruled out.

Conclusion

About 50% of psoriasis patients experience a season‐independent disease, however, with a subset of patients who do better in summer. Others again do better in winter, with a few of these having marked worsening in warm periods. Individual season‐related activity records should be paid proper attention to when considering light therapy or climatotherapy as a treatment.
Vasomotion analysis of speed resolved perfusion, oxygen saturation, red blood cell tissue fraction, and vessel diameter: Novel microvascular perspectives
Authors: Fredriksson Ingemar , Larsson Marcus , Strömberg Tomas , Iredahl Fredrik
Published: November 2021

Background

Vasomotion is the spontaneous oscillation in vascular tone in the microcirculation and is believed to be a physiological mechanism facilitating the transport of blood gases and nutrients to and from tissues. So far, Laser Doppler flowmetry has constituted the gold standard for in vivo vasomotion analysis.

Materials and methods

We applied vasomotion analysis to speed‐resolved perfusion, oxygen saturation, red blood cell tissue (RBC) tissue fraction, and average vessel diameter from five healthy individuals at rest measured by the newly developed Periflux 6000 EPOS system over 10 minutes. Magnitude scalogram and the time‐averaged wavelet spectra were divided into frequency intervals reflecting endothelial, neurogenic, myogenic, respiratory, and cardiac function.

Results

Recurrent high‐intensity periods of the myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial frequency intervals were found. The neurogenic activity was considerably more pronounced for the oxygen saturation, RBC tissue fraction, and vessel diameter signals, than for the perfusion signals. In a correlation analysis we found that changes in perfusion in the myogenic, neurogenic, and endothelial frequency intervals precede changes in the other signals. Furthermore, changes in average vessel diameter were in general negatively correlated to the other signals in the same frequency intervals, indicating the importance of capillary recruitment.

Conclusion

We conclude that vasomotion can be observed in signals reflecting speed resolved perfusion, oxygen saturation, RBC tissue fraction, and vessel diameter. The new parameters enable new aspects of the microcirculation to be observed.
Characterization of the novel HLA‐A*29:02:38 allele by sequencing‐based typing
Authors: Blandin Lucie , Cargou Marine , Wojciechowski Elodie , Lemal Richard , Rouzaire Paul
Published: November 2021

HLA‐A*29:02:38 differs from HLA‐A*29:02:01:01 by one nucleotide substitution in codon 201 in exon 4.
Integrative taxonomy of Flatbill Flycatchers (Tyrannidae) reveals a new species from the Amazonian lowlands
Authors: Simões Carlynne C. , Cerqueira Pablo Vieira , Peloso Pedro , Aleixo Alexandre
Published: November 2021

Integrative taxonomic studies continue to reveal that many current polytypic species of birds are in fact constituted by two or more species and therefore have been central in uncovering ‘hidden’ or ‘cryptic’ biodiversity. The Olivaceous Flatbill (Aves: Tyrannidae: Rhynchocyclus olivaceus) currently has nine recognized subspecies distributed throughout the Neotropics, but so far, no complete phylogenetic hypothesis exists to test the validity and evolutionary relationships among them. To remedy this, we conducted a multi‐character integrative taxonomic revision of the genus Rhynchocyclus, focusing on the polytypic R. olivaceus. The combination of a taxonomically dense sampled multilocus phylogeny (including three mitochondrial and two nuclear genes) with phenotypic analyses including morphological and vocal characters pointed to several taxonomic inconsistencies within R. olivaceus. The analyses strongly support that R. olivaceus is paraphyletic, with an exclusively cis‐Andean clade (where the topotypic R. olivaceus is found) clustering as sister to Rhynchocyclus fulvipectus, to the exclusion of a clade grouping trans‐Andean and western Amazonian populations currently placed in R. olivaceus—one of which is unnamed and fully diagnosable based on vocal and genetic characters. Consistent with the phylogenetic results, our vocal analyses identified at least four morphologically cryptic lineages within R. olivaceus that can be mutually diagnosed from each other by different loudsongs and call parameters. Therefore, we provide evidence for splitting these four groups into separate species, two of which are sympatric but not syntopic in western Amazonia, including an unnamed species described herein—Rhynchocyclus cryptus, sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2DC17190‐2BDD‐49EC‐88E6‐4CF2FC2562A3.