bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cardiodepressant Activity of 90% Alcoholic Extract of Terminalia Arjuna and its Probable Mechanism of Action
Authors: Jassal B. , Kumar B. , Bajaj V. , Walia R.
Published: January 2016

Background:Terminalia arjuna is being used in various cardiovascular diseases as cardiotonic, diuretic&in hypercholesterolemia. Studies conflict each other for its mechanism of action. This study aims to investigate effect of 90% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna on in vitro isolated rabbit's heart&to find its probable mechanism of action.
Objective: To study the preliminary pharmacological effects of 90% alcoholic extract of Terminalia arjuna in-vitro on isolated heart, coronary blood flow, and to study its probable mechanism of action.

Material&Methods: Effect of Terminalia arjuna was observed on heart rate, coronary blood flow, amplitude on in vitro isolated perfused rabbit's heart mounted on langendorff apparatus&further cholinergic&adrenergic blockers were used to study the mechanism of action. Six experiments were conducted for each parameter&data was analysed using Student's t test.

Results: Terminalia arjuna causes mean percentage decrease of 7.26%, 9.31%&20.51% in heart rate, decrease of 10.34%, 16.64%, 20.51% in coronary blood flow&decrease of 15.11%, 12.61%, 11.65% in amplitude at 25μg, 50μg&100μg doses respectively. The decrease in heart rate, coronary blood flow&litude persists even after cholinergic&adrenergic blockers suggesting that cholinergic&adrenergic receptors are not involved in mechanism of Terminalia arjuna.

Conclusion: Terminalia arjuna cardiodepressant effect does not involve cholinergic&adrenergic receptors.
Promoting Law Student Mental Health Literacy and Wellbeing: A Case Study from The College of Law, Australia
Authors: Appleby Michael , Bourke Judy
Published: January 2016

A number of studies have been undertaken about the mental health of law students and the reports as to the findings of those studies have all expressed concern about the high levels of psychological distress suffered by them. Australian studies indicate that while university students suffer from emotional distress at a rate greater than that of the general population and at a higher rate than their non-student (age group) peers, law students are more distressed than their university peers. This has led to many calls for action.

Most law students undertake their degree with a view to practising law. It is now also accepted that legal practitioners suffer depression or emotional distress at higher rates than other professionals, other workers more generally and the general population. Research shows that there is a strong correlation between high levels of emotional distress and the incidence of mental illness. Law students suffering high or very high distress levels are therefore at an increased risk of suffering a mental illness, most commonly anxiety and/or depression.

Faced with this problem, the question arises: how should legal education institutions respond? This article describes the approach taken by one legal education institution, The College of Law, Australia (the College), in answering this question. The College identified the value in improving students’ mental health literacy and stress management and now trains its lecturers to deliver an educational workshop (the workshop) in these areas. The workshop forms part of the core curriculum for the College’s practical legal training program (PLT).

Part 2 of the article reviews some of the literature about health promotion, health literacy, mental health literacy and promoting student wellbeing, providing the underpinnings for the intervention. Part 3 describes the development of the workshop for pre-admission graduate law students. Part 4 outlines the content of the workshop and delivery methods. Part 5 considers evaluations of the workshop, from both the student and teacher perspective and student learning outcomes, and Part 6 contains recommendations based on our experience in designing and delivering the workshop.
Disparities by Sexual Orientation in Frequent Engagement in Cancer-Related Risk Behaviors: A 12-Year Follow-Up
Authors: Rosario Margaret , Li Fei , Wypij David , Roberts Andrea L. , Corliss Heather L. , Charlton Brittany M. , Frazier A. Lindsay , Austin S. Bryn
Published: January 2016

Objectives. We examined sexual-orientation disparities in frequent engagement in cancer-related risk indicators of tobacco, alcohol, diet and physical activity, ultraviolet radiation, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Methods. We used longitudinal data from the national Growing Up Today Study (1999–2010). Of the analytic sample (n = 9958), 1.8% were lesbian or gay (LG), 1.6% bisexual (BI), 12.1% mostly heterosexual (MH), and 84.5% completely heterosexual (CH).

Results. More sexual minorities (LGs, BIs, and MHs) than CHs frequently engaged in multiple cancer-related risk behaviors (33%, 29%, 28%, and 19%, respectively). Sexual-minority young women, especially BI and MH, more frequently engaged over time in substance use and diet and physical activity risk than CH women. More young gay than CH men frequently engaged over time in vomiting for weight control (odds ratio [OR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1, 9.4), being physically inactive (OR = 1.7; 95% CI = 1.2, 2.4), and using tanning booths (OR = 4.7; 95% CI = 3.0, 7.4), and had a higher prevalence of ever having an STI (OR = 3.5; 95% CI = 2.0, 6.4). Individual analyses were generally comparable to the group-level analyses.

Conclusions. Young sexual minorities are at risk for cancer through frequent exposure to cancer-related risk behaviors over time. Long-term, longitudinal studies and surveillance data are essential and warranted to track frequent engagement in the risk behaviors and cancer-related morbidity and mortality.
Characterizing Community Health Workers on Research Teams: Results From the Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities
Authors: Hohl Sarah D. , Thompson Beti , Krok-Schoen Jessica L. , Weier Rory C. , Martin Molly , Bone Lee , McCarthy William J. , Noel Sabrina E. , Garcia Beverly , Calderón Nancy E. , Paskett Electra D.
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To quantify the characteristics of community health workers (CHWs) involved in community intervention research and, in particular, to characterize their job titles, roles, and responsibilities; recruitment and compensation; and training and supervision.

Methods. We developed and administered a structured questionnaire consisting of 25 closed- and open-ended questions to staff on National Institutes of Health–funded Centers for Population Health and Health Disparities projects between March and April 2014. We report frequency distributions for CHW roles, sought-after skills, education requirements, benefits and incentives offered, and supervision and training activities.

Results. A total of 54 individuals worked as CHWs across the 18 research projects and held a diverse range of job titles. The CHWs commonly collaborated on research project implementation, provided education and support to study participants, and collected data. Training was offered across projects to bolster CHW capacity to assist in intervention and research activities.

Conclusions. Our experience suggests national benefit in supporting greater efforts to recruit, retain, and support the work of CHWs in community-engagement research.
Social Determinants of HIV-Related Stigma in Faith-Based Organizations
Authors: Coleman Jason D. , Tate Allan D. , Gaddist Bambi , White Jacob
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To examine the association between social factors in faith-based settings (including religiosity and proximity to people living with HIV/AIDS) and HIV stigma.

Methods. A total of 1747 congregants from primarily African American faith-based organizations of Project FAITH (Fostering AIDS Initiatives That Heal), a South Carolina statewide initiative to address HIV-related stigma, completed a survey.

Results. Female gender (P = .001), higher education (P < .001), knowing someone with HIV/AIDS (P = .01), and knowing someone who is gay (P < .001), but not religiosity, were associated with lower levels of stigma and with lower odds of stigmatizing attitudes (P < .05).

Conclusions. Opportunities for connection with people living with HIV/AIDS tailored to the social characteristics of faith-based organizations may address HIV stigma in African American communities.
Massachusetts Inpatient Medicaid Cost Response to Increased Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Benefits
Authors: Sonik Rajan Anthony
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To investigate the impact of an increase in Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) benefits on Medicaid costs and use in Massachusetts.

Methods. Using single and multigroup interrupted time series models, I examined the effect of an April 2009 increase in SNAP benefits on inpatient Medicaid cost and use patterns. I analyzed monthly Medicaid discharge data from 2006 to 2012 collected by the Massachusetts Center for Health Information and Analysis.

Results. Inpatient costs for the overall Massachusetts Medicaid population grew by 0.55 percentage points per month (P < .001) before the SNAP increase. After the increase, cost growth fell by 73% to 0.15 percentage points per month (–0.40; P = .003). Compared with the overall Medicaid population, cost growth for people with the selected chronic illnesses was significantly greater before the SNAP increase, as was the decline in growth afterward. Reduced hospital admissions after the SNAP increase drove the cost declines.

Conclusions. Medicaid cost growth fell in Massachusetts after SNAP benefits increased, especially for people with chronic illnesses with high sensitivity to food insecurity.
Wastewater Disposal Wells, Fracking, and Environmental Injustice in Southern Texas
Authors: Johnston Jill E. , Werder Emily , Sebastian Daniel
Published: January 2016

Objectives. To investigate race and poverty in areas where oil and gas wastewater disposal wells, which are used to permanently inject wastewater from hydraulic fracturing (fracking) operations, are permitted.

Methods. With location data of oil and gas disposal wells permitted between 2007 and 2014 in the Eagle Ford area, a region of intensive fracking in southern Texas, we analyzed the racial composition of residents living less than 5 kilometers from a disposal well and those farther away, adjusting for rurality and poverty, using a Poisson regression.

Results. The proportion of people of color living less than 5 kilometers from a disposal well was 1.3 times higher than was the proportion of non-Hispanic Whites. Adjusting for rurality, disposal wells were 2.04 times (95% confidence interval = 2.02, 2.06) as common in areas with 80% people of color or more than in majority White areas. Disposal wells are also disproportionately sited in high-poverty areas.

Conclusions. Wastewater disposal wells in southern Texas are disproportionately permitted in areas with higher proportions of people of color and residents living in poverty, a pattern known as “environmental injustice.”
The Voices for Healthy Kids Campaign and US State Legislation to Prevent Childhood Obesity
Authors: Bleich Sara N. , Jones-Smith Jesse , Jones Hannah , O’Hara Marguerite , Rutkow Lainie
Published: January 2016

We documented childhood obesity legislative activity in all 50 US states that occurred in parallel to the first year of Voices for Healthy Kids (Voices), a campaign to mobilize evidence-based legislation addressing childhood obesity.

We identified 217 bills in the year before Voices (November 2012 to October 2013) and 304 bills at follow-up (November 2013 to October 2014).

In states with active Voices grantees, the bill enactment rate was 50% higher (increasing from 10% at baseline to 15% at follow-up).
Mixtures of Anionic/Cationic Surfactants: A New Approach for Enhanced Oil Recovery in Low-Salinity, High-Temperature Sandstone Reservoir
Authors: Li Yingcheng , Zhang Weidong , Kong Bailing , Puerto Maura , Bao Xinning , Sha Ou , Shen Zhiqin , Yang Yiqing , Liu Yanhua , Gu Songyuan , Miller Clarence , Hirasaki George J.
Published: January 2016

Test results indicate that a lipophilic surfactant can be designed by mixing both hydrophilic anionic and cationic surfactants, which broaden the design of novel surfactant methodology and application scope for conventional chemical enhanced-oil-recovery (EOR) methods. These mixtures produced ultralow critical micelle concentrations (CMCs), ultralow interfacial tension (IFT), and high oil solubilization that promote high tertiary oil recovery.

Mixtures of anionic and cationic surfactants with molar excess of anionic surfactant for EOR applications in sandstone reservoirs are described in this study. Physical chemistry properties, such as surface tension, CMC, surface excess, and area per molecule of individual surfactants and their mixtures, were measured by the Wilhelmy (1863) plate method. Morphologies of surfactant solutions, both surfactant/polymer (SP) and alkaline/surfactant/polymer (ASP), were studied by cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (Cryo-TEM). Phase behaviors were recorded by visual inspection including crossed polarizers at different surfactant concentrations and different temperatures. IFTs between normal octane, crude oil, and surfactant solution were measured by the spinning-drop-tensiometer method. Properties of IFT, viscosity, and thermal stability of surfactant, SP, and ASP solutions were also tested. Static adsorption on sandstone was measured at reservoir temperature. IFT was measured before and after multiple contact adsorptions to recognize the influence of adsorption on interfacial properties. Forced displacements were conducted by flooding with water, SP, and ASP. The coreflooding experiments were conducted with synthetic brine with approximately 5,000 ppm of total dissolved solids (TDS), and with a crude oil from a Sinopec reservoir.
A Separate-Phase Drag Model and a Surrogate Approximation for Simulation of the Steam-Assisted-Gravity-Drainage Process
Authors: Padrino Juan C. , Ma Xia , VanderHeyden W. Brian , Zhang Duan Z.
Published: January 2016

General, ensemble phase-averaged equations for multiphase flows were specialized for the simulation of the steam-assisted-gravity-drainage (SAGD) process. In the average momentum equation, fluid/solid and fluid/fluid viscous interactions are represented by separate force terms. This equation has a form similar to that of Darcy's law for multiphase flow but augmented by the fluid/fluid viscous forces. Models for these fluid/fluid interactions are suggested and implemented into the numerical code CartaBlanca. Numerical results indicate that the model captures the main features of the multiphase flow in the SAGD process, but the detailed features, such as plumes, are missed. We find that viscous coupling among the fluid phases is important.

Advection time scales for the different fluids differ by several orders of magnitude because of vast viscosity differences. Numerically resolving all these time scales is time consuming. To address this problem, we introduce a steam-surrogate approximation to increase the steam-advection time scale, while keeping the mass and energy fluxes well-approximated. This approximation leads to approximately a 40-fold speedup in execution speed of the numerical calculations at the cost of a few percentage errors in the relevant quantities.
Analytical Solutions and Derivation of Relative Permeabilities for Water-Heavy Oil Displacement and Gas-Heavy Oil Gravity Drainage Under Non-Isothermal Conditions
Authors: Argüelles-Vivas F. J. , Babadagli T..
Published: January 2016

Analytical models were developed for non-isothermal gas/heavy-oil gravity drainage and water-heavy oil displacements in round capillary tubes including the effects of a temperature gradient throughout the system. By use of the model solution for a bundle of capillaries, relative permeability curves were generated at different temperature conditions.

The results showed that water/gas-heavy oil interface location, oil-drainage velocity, and production rate depend on the change of oil properties with temperature. The displacement of heavy oil by water or gas was accelerated under a positive temperature gradient, including the spontaneous imbibition of water. Relative permeability curves were greatly affected by temperature gradient and showed significant changes compared with the curves at constant temperature. Clarifications were made as to the effect of variable temperature compared with the constant (but high) temperatures throughout the bundle of capillaries.
Lifestyle and Metformin Ameliorate Insulin Sensitivity Independently of the Genetic Burden of Established Insulin Resistance Variants in Diabetes Prevention Program Participants
Authors: Hivert Marie-France , Christophi Costas A. , Franks Paul W. , Jablonski Kathleen A. , Ehrmann David A. , Kahn Steven E. , Horton Edward S. , Pollin Toni I. , Mather Kieren J. , Perreault Leigh , Barrett-Connor Elizabeth , Knowler William C. , Florez Jose C. ,   for the Diabetes Prevention Program Research Group
Published: January 2016

Large genome-wide association studies of glycemic traits have identified genetics variants that are associated with insulin resistance (IR) in the general population. It is unknown whether people with genetic enrichment for these IR variants respond differently to interventions that aim to improve insulin sensitivity. We built a genetic risk score (GRS) based on 17 established IR variants and effect sizes (weighted IR-GRS) in 2,713 participants of the Diabetes Prevention Program (DPP) with genetic consent. We tested associations between the weighted IR-GRS and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) at baseline in all participants, and with change in ISI over 1 year of follow-up in the DPP intervention (metformin and lifestyle) and control (placebo) arms. All models were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, and waist circumference at baseline (plus baseline ISI for 1-year ISI change models). A higher IR-GRS was associated with lower baseline ISI (β = −0.754 [SE = 0.229] log-ISI per unit, P = 0.001 in fully adjusted models). There was no differential effect of treatment for the association between the IR-GRS on the change in ISI; higher IR-GRS was associated with an attenuation in ISI improvement over 1 year (β = −0.520 [SE = 0.233], P = 0.03 in fully adjusted models; all treatment arms). Lifestyle intervention and metformin treatment improved the ISI, regardless of the genetic burden of IR variants.
Gasotransmitters in Vascular Complications of Diabetes
Authors: van den Born Joost C. , Hammes Hans-Peter , Greffrath Wolfgang , van Goor Harry , Hillebrands Jan-Luuk
Published: January 2016

In the past decades three gaseous signaling molecules—so-called gasotransmitters—have been identified: nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S). These gasotransmitters are endogenously produced by different enzymes in various cell types and play an important role in physiology and disease. Despite their specific functions, all gasotransmitters share the capacity to reduce oxidative stress, induce angiogenesis, and promote vasorelaxation. In patients with diabetes, a lower bioavailability of the different gasotransmitters is observed when compared with healthy individuals. As yet, it is unknown whether this reduction precedes or results from diabetes. The increased risk for vascular disease in patients with diabetes, in combination with the extensive clinical, financial, and societal burden, calls for action to either prevent or improve the treatment of vascular complications. In this Perspective, we present a concise overview of the current data on the bioavailability of gasotransmitters in diabetes and their potential role in the development and progression of diabetes-associated microvascular (retinopathy, neuropathy, and nephropathy) and macrovascular (cerebrovascular, coronary artery, and peripheral arterial diseases) complications. Gasotransmitters appear to have both inhibitory and stimulatory effects in the course of vascular disease development. This Perspective concludes with a discussion on gasotransmitter-based interventions as a therapeutic option.
Boys, Transitions, and Physical (In)activity: Exploring the Socio-Behavioural Mediators of Participation
Authors: Jachyra Patrick , Gibson Barbara E.
Published: January 2016

Purpose: To explore the socio-behavioural mechanisms that motivate or dissuade boys' participation in physical activity (PA) as they transition into adolescence and their implications for physical therapy. Methods: This critical qualitative study involved in-depth interviews using active interviewing techniques with 15 adolescent boys. Data generation and analysis were driven by techniques of grounded theory and Bourdieu's sociology of practice. Results: The analysis identified intersectional relationships among emotions, the inherent pleasures of movement, and a sense of connectedness to PA, each of which acted as a mediating mechanism in motivating participation in PA. Analogously, body dissatisfaction, negative self-perceptions, and repeated instances of explicit and symbolic bullying intersected to dissuade boys from participating and created apathy toward PA. Conclusion: Identifying socio-behavioural mechanisms that motivate or dissuade physically active behaviour contributes new knowledge toward understanding PA attrition among boys transitioning to adolescence. As health advocates and movement experts, physiotherapists have an important role in helping adolescents of all abilities to participate in activities that provide them with meaning, inclusivity, and a sense of connectedness to PA.
Evaluation and Implementation of PG 76-22 Asphalt Rubber Binder in Florida
Authors: Greene James , Chun Sanghyun , Nash Tanya , Choubane Bouzid
Published: January 2016

The Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) has had a long history of recycling ground tire rubber (GTR) from waste tires in highway projects. The Florida DOT first experimented with asphalt rubber binder (ARB) more than 35 years ago. In 1988, the Florida legislature mandated the investigation of using recyclable materials such as GTR in roadway construction. For more than 25 years, the Florida DOT has effectively satisfied the intent of the legislature. However, the ARB has often been associated with unpredictable performance and handling issues, such as the separation of the GTR from the binder. These performance and handling issues have resulted in higher construction costs and have made ARB less appealing because a more reliable alternative, PG 76-22 polymer modified asphalt (PMA), is available. As a result, a task team of the Florida DOT and industry members was formed with the goal of finding a way to make ARB handle and perform similarly to PG 76-22 (PMA), Florida's gold standard binder. This paper documents an accelerated pavement testing (APT) study to compare hot-mix asphalt mixtures constructed with PG 76-22 (PMA) and PG 76-22 (ARB). This APT study represents the final stage of the implementation of a new PG 76-22 (ARB) specification.
Development of Predictive Models for Initiation and Propagation of Field Transverse Cracking
Authors: Zhang Weiguang , Shen Shihui , Basak Prasanta , Wen Haifang , Wu Shenghua , Faheem Ahmed , Mohammad Louay N.
Published: January 2016

The development of field transverse cracking prediction models is highly complicated because of several factors, including the difficulty in differentiating thermal cracking from reflective cracking in the field, the high variability of field conditions, and the potential variability in crack initiation and crack propagation mechanisms. As a result, a statistical-based approach is preferred to a mechanical-based prediction model. In this study, statistical methods, partial least squares regression, and binary logistic regression were used to establish prediction models for field transverse cracking. Results indicated that crack initiation and crack propagation were controlled by predictor variables. Material properties (mixture creep compliance, work density, and percentage passing the No. 200 sieve), pavement structure (overlay thickness), climate (low temperature hour), and traffic (average annual daily truck traffic) were found to be key indicators for transverse crack propagation. Low temperature hour, percentage passing No. 200 sieve, indirect tensile strength, and service life were critical predictor variables for crack initiation. In particular, the crack initiation model, developed by the binary logistic regression, predicted the probability of crack initiation. Both models show good predictability and are well validated. These models appear to work for hot-mix and warm-mix asphalt pavements.
Investigation of Different Methods for Obtaining Asphalt Mixture Creep Compliance for Use in Pavement Mechanistic–Empirical Design Software
Authors: Jamrah Anas , Kutay M. Emin
Published: January 2016

Thermal cracking is a major distress type observed in flexible pavements, especially in regions with cold climates (e.g., northern United States and Canada). The Pavement ME Design Guide software developed under NCHRP Project 1-37A is the pavement analysis and design tool most widely used by state highway agencies for pavement designs. For thermal cracking predictions in flexible pavements, the most important material properties are the creep compliance and indirect tensile strength of an asphalt mixture in Level 1 and Level 2 analyses. Level 3 analyses use material properties and mixture volumetrics to predict creep compliance and indirect tensile strength. This study was part of a comprehensive research effort to characterize asphalt mixtures commonly used in the state of Michigan for implementation of the Pavement ME Design software. The main objective of the study presented in this paper was the investigation of methods of obtaining asphalt mixture creep compliance [D(t)] for use in flexible pavement analysis and design using the Pavement ME Design software. In this study, numerical interconversion between dynamic modulus (|E*|) and the creep compliance of asphalt mixtures with the Prony series method was investigated and validated. Then, the creep compliance of numerous asphalt mixtures was computed from the measured |E*| data. With these data, the creep compliance predictive equation used in Pavement ME Design software was evaluated and locally calibrated. In addition, an analytical model as well as an artificial neural network–based model was developed for improved prediction of D(t) from the mixture volumetrics.
Initial Performance of Virginia's Interstate 81 In-Place Pavement Recycling Project
Authors: Diefenderfer Brian K. , Bowers Benjamin F. , Apeagyei Alex K.
Published: January 2016

Rehabilitating or reconstructing existing asphalt pavements by applying in-place pavement recycling techniques has been shown to be more cost-effective and more environmentally friendly than with traditional techniques. However, the scanty information in the literature documenting the structural and functional performance of these processes for high-volume roadways, leads to a perception by pavement engineers that the techniques are suitable only for lower-volume roads. This paper presents performance data for the 3.66-mi section of Interstate 81 in Virginia that was rehabilitated through the use of full-depth reclamation, cold central-plant recycling, and cold in-place recycling during the 2011 construction season. The performance data used to document the pavement condition included the structural capacity obtained by a falling-weight deflectometer and rut depth and ride quality measurements collected by an inertial profiler. The structural layer coefficients for the recycled materials were at the upper range of values reported in the literature. The pavement sections continued to perform well in regard to their functional and structural condition after the application of approximately 6 million equivalent single-axle loads and nearly 3 years of service. Two sections with different overlay thicknesses in the right lane also performed well after nearly 3 years of service.
Optimization of the dietary protein and energy levels for Dhakai quail during growing period
Authors: Faruque S , Khatun H , Islam MS , Rahman SMA
Published: January 2016

A feeding trial was conducted to investigate the optimum level of dietary protein and energy on production performance and carcass characteristics of quail. A total number of 128 day-old chicks of Dhakai quail were used from internal hatchery of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute, Savar, Dhaka. The chicks were arranged according to a 4 × 2 factorial (4 protein levels; 20, 22, 24 and 26% and 2 energy levels; 2800 and 2900 kcal ME/kg), and allocated into eight dietary treatment combinations according to the experimental design. The combinations were designated as D1 (CP20ME2800), D2 (CP20ME2900), D3 (CP22ME2800), D4 (CP22ME2900), D5 (P24ME2800), D6 (P24ME2900), D7 (P26ME2800) and D8 (P26ME2900). There were 16 chicks per treatment, each treatment had 2 replications having 8 chicks in each. At the end of 5 weeks, 2 birds from each replication were randomly selected and slaughtered to analyze the meat yield traits. All birds were fed ad libitum with treatment diets from day-old to 35 days of age. There were significant effect (P<0.001) of crude protein levels on final body weight, total weight gain, daily gain, feed intake and feed conversion ratio (FCR). Feed intake, total weight gain and FCR at different energy levels did not differ significantly (P>0.05). It was observed that the performance of Dhakai quail fed diet with 22% crude protein and 2900 kcal. ME/kg DM was better compared to others in terms of total gain, daily gain, FCR and dressing percent. Futher, treatments effect of protein level was observed on weight gain from day-old to 35 days. A crude protein level of 22.227% was estimated by regression equations for growing Dhakai quail.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 1-9, Jan-Dec 2012
Study on feeding effect of dietary protein sources of on blood or milk urea nitrogen in native cows
Authors: Sarker NR , Huque KS , Asaduzzaman M
Published: January 2016

A feeding trial with 30 Pabna milking cows of 2 to 4 parities dividing equally into 5 groups was conducted to determine the effect of feeding protein from different sources on blood or milk urea nitrogen, and milk yield or protein content in native cows. Considering a group of cows fed a diet of rice straw and concentrate as the control (T0), two out of the rests were fed either with urea-molasses straw (UMS) (T1) or Matikalai (Vigna mungo) hay ( T2) as sources of basal roughage. The rest two groups of cows were fed the control diet replacing percent (%) of feed protein by the amount of urea and molasses fed to UMS group. The amount of urea and molasses was fed daily either in two meals (T3) or fed to cows mixing with other concentrate feed (T4). Feeding a basal diet of UMS, DS or leguminous hay did not affect milk protein (%) and daily milk production Feeding urea and molasses in meals or mix (T3 and T4) did not affect significantly (p>0.05) BSU and MUN contents. It indicates that feeding urea and molasses in two meals in a day either as a single mix of the two or as a mix of the two with concentrates significantly (p>0.05) reduced the concentration of BSU or MUN without having any change in milk protein (%) of the cows. Dry matter (DM) intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1 treatment group followed by T4, T0, T3 and T2, respectively. Similarly, CP intake was significantly (p<0.05) higher in T1 and T2 treatment groups followed by T3 and T4 treatment groups. The values of CP intake were 490, 770, 760, 630 and 580 g/day for treatment groups T0, T1, T2, T3, and T4, respectively. Feedings urea and molasses as meals (T3) significantly (p<0.05) reduced the fat content in milk compared with other treatment groups. Similar to T3, UMS feeding also significantly (p<0.05) reduced fat content in milk compared to Matikalai hay and T4 treatment groups. Milk urea nitrogen (MUN) content in morning milk was lower compared to evening milk. These data showed that feeding urea or protein of organic sources had effect on BSU and MUN contents in the morning milk but had no significant effect on evening milk. The lower BSU or MUN content in milk of the cows fed urea and molasses either in daily meals or as mix with concentrates may be due mainly to a lower CP intake compared to UMS and Matikalai. Therefore, it may be concluded that feeding urea or organic protein had no significant effect on milk protein percent.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 85-96, Jan-Dec 2012
Isolation, identification and molecular characterization of contagious ecthyma virus from goat and sheep
Authors: Alam Jahangir , Alam Md Shahin , Giasuddin Md , Monoura Papia , Samad Md Abdus , Faruque Md Hasan Al , Rahman Md Bahanur , Khan Md Shahidur Rahman , Ershaduzzaman Md , Taimur MJFA
Published: January 2016

Contagious ecthyma (CE) is one of the most widespread viral diseases; primarily affect goat and sheep but also reported from human, reindeer, musk ox, dog, cat, red squirrel etc. The disease is caused by contagious ecthyma virus (CEV) and he virus is circulating in Bangladesh. Present study was aimed at isolation, identification and molecular characterization of the CEV circulating in Bangladesh. A total of 13 samples (scab materials; 11 from goat and 2 from sheep) were collected from three different farms of Sylhet and Dhaka divisions followed by processing for virus detection by PCR and isolation in Vero cell. Four different sets of primers were used targeting four different genes of CEV. Of these samples, 10 (8 from goat and 2 from sheep) were found positive by PCR. From these positive samples three viruses were isolated. Sequencing of different genes of several CEV isolates has been done directly from PCR product using automated DNA sequencer 3010 Genetic Analyzer available at the National Reference Laboratory for Avian Influenza (NRL-AI), Bangladesh. Bangladeshi isolates were found to have 95-99% identity to each other. When compared to viruses from other countries, high homology (92-96%) was observed to viruses from New Zealand and India, and phylogenetically clustered with them. This is the first report of molecular characterization, though partial, of CEV in Bangladesh.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 97-106, Jan-Dec 2012
Hypoxia and Coriolis Illusion in Pilots During Simulated Flight
Authors: Kowalczuk Krzysztof P. , Gazdzinski Stefan P. , Janewicz Michał , Gąsik Marek , Lewkowicz Rafał , Wyleżoł Mariusz
Published: January 2016

INTRODUCTION: Pilots’ vision and flight performance may be impeded by spatial disorientation and high altitude hypoxia. The Coriolis illusion affects both orientation and vision. However, the combined effect of simultaneous Coriolis illusion and hypoxia on saccadic eye
movement has not been evaluated.METHOD: A simulated flight was performed by 14 experienced pilots under 3 conditions: once under normal oxygen partial pressure and twice under reduced oxygen partial pressures, reflecting conditions at 5000 m and 6000 m (16,404 and 19,685 ft), respectively.
Eye movements were evaluated with a saccadometer.RESULTS: At normal oxygen pressure, Coriolis illusion resulted in 55% and 31% increases in mean saccade amplitude and duration, respectively, but a 32% increase in mean saccade frequency was only noted for saccades smaller than the
angular distance between cockpit instruments, suggesting an increase in the number of correction saccades. At lower oxygen pressures a pronounced increase in the standard deviation of all measures was noticed; however, the pattern of changes remained unchanged.DISCUSSION: Simple
measures of saccadic movement are not affected by short-term hypoxia, most likely due to compensatory mechanisms.Kowalczuk KP, Gazdzinski SP, Janewicz M, Gąsik M, Lewkowicz R, Wyleżoł M. Hypoxia and Coriolis illusion in pilots during simulated flight. Aerosp Med
Hum Perform. 2016; 87(2):108–113.
APPLICATION OF DELPHI METHOD IN CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT RESEARCH: A QUANTITATIVE PERSPECTIVE
Authors: AMEYAW Effah Ernest , HU Yi , SHAN Ming , CHAN Albert P. C. , LE Yun
Published: January 2016

The Delphi method has been used as a main research method by a growing number of researchers in the Construction Engineering and Management (CEM) field in the past two decades. Although a number of studies are available on the use of Delphi, few researchers fully examine the potential of the Delphi method in the combined use of statistical techniques, which is an inevitable trend for future Delphi research. This paper aims to review the combined use of Delphi and other quantitative methods in the CEM field based on a structured literature review of 88 relevant papers. All of the 88 papers are systematically identified from ten well-known peer-reviewed CEM journals published in the period of 1990–2012. Topic coverage, application requirements, and statistical techniques in the 88 Delphi papers are reviewed. The mix use of the Delphi method with three advanced modelling methods, such as Fuzzy sets, Analytical Hierarchy Process, and Analytical Network Process is also examined. These review results provide practical references for researchers having interests in applying Delphi method in CEM research.
Un ministère de bricolage rituel Le cas d’un exorciste diocésain
Authors: Amiotte-Suchet Laurent
Published: January 2016

Depuis le Concile Vatican II, le ministère d’exorcisme a connu des évolutions importantes. Il est passé d’une tendance dite « diabolisante » à une tendance dite « psychologisante ». Aujourd’hui, le prêtre‑exorciste cherche surtout à aider les personnes venues le trouver à ne pas voir le diable partout. Mais entre les directives de l’institution et les attentes des personnes venues le consulter, le prêtre‑exorciste doit chaque jour élaborer des solutions personnalisées. Il est donc tout autant prêtre, psycho­thérapeute et chasseur de démon. Car aujourd’hui, c’est en devenant passeur de frontières qu’il établit et renforce la légitimité de son ministère.
ENGAGE: A Different New Nurse Orientation Program
Authors: Green Vivian Barnes
Published: January 2016

General new nurse orientation is often perceived as a program consisting of several long days of passively receiving information about an institution's policies, procedures, and other regulatory matters. As a result, orientation may be viewed as something to endure and not enjoy. The purpose of redesigning the new nurse orientation into ENGAGE (
E
ssential
N
ursing
G
uidance
a
nd
G
rowth
E
xperience) was to make the general new nurse orientation program more engaging and meaningful, as well as fun.

J Contin Educ Nurs.
2016;47(1):32–36.
Consistent habitat segregation between sexes in the spider crabs Maja brachydactyla and Maja squinado (Brachyura), as revealed by stable isotopes
Authors: Guerao Guillermo , Rotllant Guiomar , Gisbert Enric , Uyà Marc , Cardona Luís
Published: January 2016

Differences in the resource use patterns of males and females of the spider crab species Maja brachydactyla Balss, 1922 and M. squinado (Herbst, 1788) from several geographic areas (three in the Atlantic and two in the Mediterranean) were studied through the analysis of stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in the exoskeleton of post-pubertal (adult) specimens. Results confirmed that males and females from the same population usually did not differ in δ15N values and hence foraged at the same trophic level. In contrast, females were usually enriched in 13C as compared with males from the same population, thus suggesting that females use shallower habitats than males before the terminal moult. The results reported here also indicate that stable isotop.
Potential food sources of Glycymeris nummaria (Mollusca: Bivalvia) during the annual cycle indicated by fatty acid analysis
Authors: Najdek Mirjana , Ezgeta-Balić Daria , Blažina Maria , Crnčević Marija , Peharda Melita
Published: January 2016

Seasonal changes of food sources were investigated by analysing the fatty acid profiles of digestive gland and muscle tissues of the naturally occurring clams Glycymeris nummaria in Mali Ston Bay, Croatia. Total lipids in the digestive gland and the adductor muscle showed parallel changes, with a maximum after the main spawning event in September. In the digestive gland saturated fatty acids were highly dominant (up to 82%), indicating detritus as the main food source for this species. This type of food prevailed during the autumn/winter period, in contrast to the spring/summer period when detritus was enriched with phyto- and, to a lesser extent, zooplankton. Fatty acid composition of muscles indicated highly efficient utilization of ingested food through significant retention of polyunsaturated fatty acid from the clams’ diet during the entire period investigated.
Life-history strategies of a conspicuous reef fish, the Canary damsel Similiparma lurida (Pomacentridae) in the northeastern Atlantic
Authors: García-Mederos Antonio M. , Tuya Fernando , Tuset Víctor M.
Published: January 2016

Similiparma lurida is a common fish inhabiting shallow-water rocky bottoms of the northeastern Atlantic oceanic archipelagos, and the coasts from Portugal to Senegal. This study was conceptualized to integrate information relative to key population traits of S. lurida, including length and age structure, growth, reproduction and length at maturity, with a description of abundance patterns on shallow reefs, including temporality of recruitment and habitat preferences by juveniles, sub-adults and adults. We then hypothesized that seasonal cycles of spawning and recruitment were synchronized. This species reaches a total length (TL) of up to 15.7 cm and an age of 18 years. Males grow faster and longer (K=0.28 years–1, L∞=14.487 cm TL) than females (K=0.23 years–1, L∞=13.461 cm TL), which affects the overall ratio of males to females (1:0.26). The size at which 50% of sexual maturity is reached was 10.344 cm TL for males and 8.471 cm TL for females. Fish increase growth during the spawning season, which occurs from November to March, including a maximum in February. After two months of this peak, juveniles reached maximum abundances (April) in high relief reef areas. Adults, however, show a preference towards rocky bottoms covered with algae interspersed with sand patches, suggesting ontogenetic changes in microhabitat preferences when juveniles turn into adults
Brachyuran crabs (Crustacea: Decapoda) from the Canary Islands (eastern Atlantic): checklist, zoogeographic considerations and conservation
Authors: González José Antonio
Published: January 2016

Just 20 years have passed since González (1995) finished one of his seminal works on decapod crustaceans of the Canary Islands, thanks to the help of the reputed carcinologists L.B. Holthuis and C.H.J.M. Fransen. This publication allowed d’Udekem d’Acoz (1999) to include the Canarian decapods in his inventory of the NE Atlantic. No checklists of decapod fauna specifically covering this area have been published since then, and an update is needed. The current list of Canarian brachyuran crabs comprises 132 species. Additional species have been recorded thanks to intensified research into deep water, natural range expansions from nearby areas, introduction by anthropogenic activities and description of new taxa; several of these changes are detailed in this review. Although the description of new brachyuran species is not expected to occur at a significant rate, an increase in the number of species from the Canaries is expected to result from trawling and dredging sampling, as well as from introduction of non-native species. For the first time, some zoogeographic comments on the Canarian brachyuran carcinofauna are made. Finally, crab species of commercial interest are listed, their current threats are identified and some updated conservation measures are proposed.
Reoperation: Cardiac Surgery
Authors: Halfman-Franey Marsha , Gabel Kathleen , Berg David E.
Published: January 2016

The subject of cardiac reoperation in general has been infrequently discussed in the medical literature and has not yet appeared in the nursing literature. Yet reoperation presents a real challenge, accentuating some problems that are also associated with primary cases and posing some considerations that are unique to the reoperative situation. The objectives of this article are to discuss the reasons prompting reoperation for coronary revascularization, identify technical problems associated with reoperative coronary artery surgery, explore potential avenues for decreasing the need for reoperation, and discuss potential patient care problems in the immediate postoperative critical care setting.
Ventilator versus Manual Resuscitation Bag as the Method for Delivering Hyperoxygenation before Endotracheal Suctioning
Authors: Stone Kathleen S.
Published: January 2016

A critical review and analysis of the current research on the efficacy of the ventilator versus the manual resuscitation bag (MRB) as the method of delivering hyperoxygenation/hyperinflation breaths before, during, and/or after endotracheal suctioning (ETS) is presented. Current research findings indicate that hyperoxygenation/hyperinflation breaths at 100% oxygen (O2) delivered via the ventilator have resulted in elevated blood-O2 levels which are either superior or equivalent to the MRB in preventing suction-induced hypoxemia. Delivery of hyperoxygenation/hyperinflation breaths using the MRB results in increased airway pressure, and increased hemodynamic consequences. Guidelines of clinical practice, based on current research findings, are presented. Areas for further research are identified
Negative Pressure Ventilation: New Uses for an Old Technique
Authors: Sonnesso Gloria
Published: January 2016

Negative pressure ventilation (NPV), a concept that was used in the 1940s through 1950s to support the victims of the polio epidemic, is regaining popularity. It is being used increasingly to intermittently support respiratory function in patients suffering from a variety of diseases. The use of NPV obviates the need for a surgically placed airway (if the patients’ upper airway is intact) and allows the patient to resume many of his or her normal activities. Several types of NPV are available for use and experimentation, and it is strongly recommended that the appropriate type for each patient be chosen. Nursing care of the patient on NPV is essentially the same as that of any chronically ventilator-dependent patient. Issues unique to the patient supported on NPV include: increased potential for aspiration, skin breakdown around the NPV site, and “tank shock.” Nursing plays an important role in identifying patients who may be candidates for NPV. Negative pressure ventilation may allow a formally hospital-bound patient the opportunity to be home with family and friends
Caring for Trauma Victims: The Emotional Impact
Authors: Hogan Barbara Smallbrook
Published: January 2016

The potential for significant emotional trauma exists for nurses working with trauma victims and their families. There is very little in the nursing literature that addresses the wide range of normal feelings that nurses may experience during or following the care of trauma victims. There is also a scarcity of articles identifying strategies that nurses may employ to assist them through these significant incidents. This article describes the range of feelings that nurses may experience in the course of delivering care and relates these feelings to the traumatic event. Potential aggravating factors are discussed, and strategies are provided that nurses can use to survive the psychologic impact of these incidents and to achieve a higher level of emotional functioning