bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Newton's experimental proofs
Authors: Lampert Timm
Published: January 2021

Newton's claim to provide experimental proofs is often criticized. It is argued that his proofs are based on hypotheses and not inferred from the experiments alone. This criticism, however, applies a hypothetico-deductive analysis to Newton's experimental reasoning. Such an analysis is not consistent with Newton's own understanding of his proof method. The following reconstruction of Newton's proof method is intended to do justice to his understanding by applying the conception of iconic proofs to Newton's proofs by experiment. The main purpose of this analysis is to explain Newton's dictum that the experiment alone serves as the source of evidence from which his theorems are derived. After drawing a general distinction between symbolic and iconic proofs and illustrating this distinction by means of Euclidean proofs and Aristotelian syllogisms, I will apply this distinction to Newton's experimental proofs and analyze Newton's proof of the heterogeneity of sunlight by his experimentum crucis as an iconic proof. Finally, I will show that this experiment and its underlying method remain prominent in Newton's Opticks.
PUBLIC INCITEMENT TO TERRORIST ACTIVITY, PUBLIC JUSTIFICATION OF TERRORISM OR ADVOCACY OF TERRORISM: PECULIARITIES OF THE SUBJECT AND THE OBJECTIVE SIDE OF THE CRIME
Authors: Anisimova I.A.
Published: January 2021

The article is devoted to the problems of the criminal liability for crimes covered by article 205.2 of theCriminal Code of the Russian Federation. Based on the analysis of legislation and scientific principles theauthor gives a refined description of the most controversial elements of crimes covered by article 205.2 of theCriminal Code of the Russian Federation. They are a subject and an objective side. Information containingincitement to terrorist activity, justifying or promoting terrorism is considered as the subject of crimes under article 205.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation. The article offers recommendationsfor interpretation of the signs of the subject and the objective side of the crime under article 205.2 of theCriminal Code of the Russian Federation and qualification of these crimes.
TAX PECULIARITIES OF COMPUTER GAMES’ PRODUCERS. PROSPECTS FOR ESTABLISHING A NEW “DIGITAL TAX”.
Authors: Vasiliev A.A. , Remmikh E.A. , Borisov V.А.
Published: January 2021

In the article the taxation mechanisms of computer games implementation, both by foreign anddomestic developers, are discussed in detail. The legislation development dynamics in this area and legislative possibilities are analyzed as well as legal nature of contracts, which mediate the relationshipbetween the games end users and their producers, is raised. With reference to this issue, one of the casesthat is the most illustrative of the contracts qualification problem and the impact of such qualification on thetaxation mechanism are analyzed. In addition, considerable attention is paid to the study of the mechanismfor calculating the “Tax on Google” and the consequences of its implementation. A legal assessment of theintroducing the new “digital tax” possibility with expert opinion on the need for its introduction is given.A significant role is assigned to the study of the foreign countries experience in the field of computer gamesmanufacturers’ taxation.
Digital Planning for Mini-Implant Supported Palatal Expander in Open-Bite Treatment
Authors: C Szuhanek , M Babat , A Popa
Published: January 2021

Open bite malocclusion, due to it’s multifactorial etiology, has always been considered a difficult problem to treat. Often associated with transverse maxillary deficiency, this is a real challenge in the field of orthodontics. The traditional approach, for this type of anomaly, in adult patients, is orthognathic surgery and RME (rapid maxillary expansion). There are several approaches to the treatment of adult patients using digital technology. Mini-implant supported palatal expander limits the side effects of the conventional RME and is less invasive compared to orthognathic surgery. Precise and predictable mini-implant insertion, using a customized surgical guide, provides a safe therapeutic approach. This case report combines Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), laser scan superimposition, computer-aided design (CAD) and 3D printing in order to design and print a customized surgical guide for orthodontic mini-implant insertion. A CBCT scan was performed to determine the optimal site for mini-implants’ placement. Using the 3Shape Trios Intraoral Scanner the maxilla and the mandible were laser-scanned. Blue Sky Plan 4 software was used to design the surgical guide, and RayWare software was used for printing it. 4 mini-implants were inserted using a safe and predictable technique. The 3D technology represents the future of orthodontics, reducing the risks, chair-side time while providing the best treatment plan for the patient.
Effect of Hydroxychloroquine on Clinical Improvement and Mortality Among Patients with COVID-19 Admitted to Four General Hospitals in Saudi Arabia
Authors: Alghamdi Mohammed , Aljuhani Nasser , Somali Afrah AL- , Alzahrani Saeed , Alotaibi Rashed , Siddiqua Salma , Naitah Marwah , albelewi Sayda , Alghamdi Ahmed , Fayez Alotaibi , AlQarni Abdullmoin , Hariqi Khalid Al- , Gethamy Manal Al -
Published: January 2021

Background
The use of hydroxychloroquine in coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic raised significant concerns as regards safety and efficacy in hospitalized patients. The objective was to examine the effect of hydroxychloroquine on clinical improvement and mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID-19.

Methods
A prospective cohort study was conducted at four general hospitals in the Western region, Saudi Arabia. Patients who had absolute or relative contraindication for using hydroxychloroquine were excluded. Patients concomitantly receiving other medications including azithromycin, antivirals, and supportive treatment were not excluded.

Results
A total 267 patients were included in the current analysis; 185 (69.3%) on hydroxychloroquine and 82 (30.7%) on non-hydroxychloroquine treatments. The average age was 46.0±13.3 years and 78.3% of the patients were males. Approximately 95.9% of the patients were symptomatic with mild (50.6%), moderate (32.6%), severe (8.2%), or ARDS symptoms (4.5%). Compared with no hydroxychloroquine, those on hydroxychloroquine had significantly longer length of stay (11.5±7.1 versus 7.8±4.3 days, p<0.001), more ICU admission (22.7% versus 9.8%, p=0.012), and more intubation (12.4% versus 3.7%, p=0.026). Improvement of symptoms (84.3% versus 81.7%, p=0.595) and hospitalization death (7.0% versus 1.2%, p=0.071) were not significantly different between groups. With exception of length of stay, the association of hydroxychloroquine with the above negative outcomes disappeared after adjustment for several factors including disease severity and concomitant use of azithromycin.

Conclusions
Hydroxychloroquine is not associated with better improvement of symptoms compared with other treatments. Moreover, it is associated with longer length of stay but not mortality or ICU admission in adjusted analysis.
The provenance of Neo-Babylionian legal documents from ‘Kish’ outside the Ashmolean Museum Collection
Authors: Deiksler Roman
Published: January 2021

This article shows the significance of the Social Network Analysis method in the study of Judea in the first century AD. The author presents the method and then shows its application on the example of the role of individual cities of Galilee. The situation concerns the time of the Jewish uprising in Galilee over a period of several months (autumn 66 - July 67 AD). After analyzing the situation in Galilee based on the works of Joseph Flavius, a graph was generated using the Ucinet computer program. The use of SNA in the study of the importance of individual cities in Galilee drew attention to the town of Gamla, which Joseph Flavius considered the most important fortress in this area. In addition, the graph showing the visits of individual insurgents to the cities of Galilee showed that Sepphoris was visited by both supporters and opponents of Joseph Flavius. Despite the fact that the inhabitants supported the Romans, they did not give up any rebel who visited them. The study confirmed the usefulness of the SNA method in undertaking subsequent analyzes of the works of Joseph Flavius.
The symbolism and function of the Window of Appearance in the Amarna Period
Authors: Kloska Maria M.
Published: January 2021

During the reign of the Amarna spouses, giving gold necklaces to royal officials took place (almost always) from the so-called Window of Appearance. From them, Akhenaten and Nefertiti, often with princesses, honoured deserved and devoted dignitaries. The popularity of the Window of Appearance closely relates to the introduction of a new religious system introduced by Akhenaten and Nefertiti. According to the new religion, Akhenaten and Nefertiti were a pair of divine twins like Shu and Tefnut, who in the Heliopolitan theology, were the children of the god Atum – replaced by Aten in Amarna. The royal couple prayed to the main solar god, while their subjects prayed to the king and queen. Since Akhenaten performed the role of a priest through whom ordinary people could pray to the god, it was necessary to createa construction that would allow the king to meet with his subjects publicly. The Window of Appearance was such architectural innovation. It was crucial because the king was an intermediator between the people and the only right sun god, Aten. The Windows of Appearance were probably located in various places in Akhetaten, including the Great Palace, the King’s House, the North Palace, the Small Aten Temple and in the temples of the Sunshades of Re in the Kom el-Nana and Maru-Aten. The characteristic shape of the Window of Appearance often appears in the architecture and the art of the Amarna Period. The structure resembles the Axt hieroglyph, which is the morning sun rising between two hills. This symbol is a part of the name of the new capital Axt-itn – The Horizon of Aten.
Studia nad pamięcią a archeologia późnego paleolitu. O performatywnym wymiarze praktyk pamięci w pradziejowych społecznościach łowiecko-zbierackich
Authors: Mugaj Jakub
Published: January 2021

The researches on the Paleolithic society of hunters-gatherers enter into an inspiring perspective, enriching the reflection on memory. The article considers the forms of the collective memory of the hunters-gatherers community of the Paleolithic era. The author postulates to widen the term of memory with the practices of embodiment and habitual memory. It helps to grasp the ways of memorizing by the communities on a deeper level. Cultural memory is deeply rooted in routine activities, which is more or less conscious. The mnemotechnic power that lives in such activities allows for preserving of cultural models. The archaeological analyses of flint working materials present the very concrete examples of such events.
Studia nad domieszką mineralną w ceramice naczyniowej kultury amfor kulistych z terenu Kujaw
Authors: Świerczyńska Anna Maria
Published: January 2021

This article relates to the question, „what exactly is a mineral admixture in Globular Amphora Culture?”. My studies prove that only the granites fulfill the criteria. I designed the experiment. One of the goals was to examine which stone is the easiest to process. It was a rapakivi granite. Its minerals are pink or grey after processing. The admixture found in GAC ceramics has the same color and the same size of minerals. There was another type of admixture which was not recognizable.
Pamięci Profesora Tadeusza Makiewicza
Authors: Minta-Tworzowska Dorota
Published: January 2021

Pamięci Profesora Tadeusza Makiewicza
Ідіолект у структурі переселенської острівної говірки
Authors: Ткачук Марина
Published: January 2021

Статтю присвячено аналізу фонетичних та фонетико-граматичних рис, що виокремлюють на загальноговірковому тлі ідіолекти українців зі східної діаспори, які проживають у полімовному середовищі в Башкирії, але зберігають питомий мовний код, активно користуючись українською діалектною мовою в побуті. Джерельну базу дослідження формують записи спонтанного діалектного мовлення мешканців с. Золотоношка Стерлітамакського району та с. Степанівка Аургазинського району Республіки Башкортостан (РФ). Встановлено, що на тлі відносної одноманітності мовних рис говірок с. Золотоношка і с. Степанівка на рівні окремих ідіолектів вирізняються особливості, що властиві лише для мовлення конкретного діалектоносія або ж мають у мовленні конкретного носія говірки більший чи менший ступінь вияву. Маркери ідіолекту зазвичай мають ареальну прив’язку до конкретної мовної системи в материнському ареалі.
Дієслівна лексика і семантика в українських говорах: стан та перспективи дослідження (дескриптивний аспект)
Authors: Холодьон Олена Миколаївна
Published: January 2021

статті охарактеризовано стан дослідження діалектної дієслівної лексики в українських говорах у діалектних дескриптивних працях, зокрема виокремлено напрями: зв’язки з літературною мовою, зв’язки з іншими діалектами, етимологія, конотація, дієслівна лексика як системно-структурне утворення та семантика дієслів, дієслівна фразеологія, сполучуваність, дієслово в словнику. Хоча сьогодні вивчення діалектної дієслівної лексики пожвавилося, здійснено системне дослідження дієслів східнополіських говірок, проте загалом дієслівну лексику в українських говорах вивчено недостатньо, тому існує потреба в комплексних, системних наукових дослідженнях. Окреслено основні проблеми в подальшому вивчення діалектних дієслів в українських говорах.
Назви опалювальних споруд та їх конструктивних частин у бойківських говірках
Authors: Чаган Оксана
Published: January 2021

У статті проаналізовано назви опалювальних споруд та їх частин у контексті дослідження будівельної лексики в бойківських говірках. Здійснений аналіз ілюструє варіантність лексем на фонетичному, акцентуаційному, словотвірному та граматичному рівнях. Дослідження засвідчує архаїзацію назв опалювальних споруд, що зникли з життя бойків у звʼязку зі зміною процесів господарювання. Типовими мотиваційним ознаками для творення назв опалювальних споруд та їх частин у досліджуваних говірках є будівельний матеріал, з якого їх роблять, спосіб розташування споруди чи конструктивної частини стосовно основної, залишковий продукт, який зберігають у цьому місці.Найпродуктивнішими способами деривації назв опалювальних споруд та їх частин є афіксальний та аналітичний. Серед назв фіксуємо запозичення з польської, німецької, угорської мов, а також зі східнороманських і тюркських мов.
Gynecological malignancy mimicking a thyroid lymph node metastasis
Authors: Pederzoli Simone , Spaggiari Giorgia , Bernardelli Giuditta , Mattioli Francesco , Baldessari Cinzia , Maiorana Antonino , Rochira Vincenzo , Santi Daniele
Published: January 2021

We present the case of a 69-year-old woman who attended the Endocrinology Unit of Modena for a suspicious lymph node in the left cervical compartment discovered during the follow-up of a recurrent gynecological malignancy. At neck ultrasonography, a thyroid goiter was detected, and the further cytological examination was inconclusive for thyroid nodule and compatible with a localization of an adenocarcinoma with papillary architecture for the lymph node. The histological examination after a left neck dissection confirmed the presence of an intracapsular metastasis of a papillary carcinoma immunohistochemically focally positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 and paired box 8 and negative for thyroglobulin. Subsequently, in the suspicion of a thyroid primitiveness, a total thyroidectomy was performed, revealing an intraparenchymal follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma of 2 mm in the right lobe. During the follow-up, the appearance of a suspected cervical metastatic lesion led to another neck dissection, histologically compatible with a papillary carcinoma localization, immunohistochemically focally positive for thyroid transcription factor 1 and paired box 8, and negative for thyroglobulin. The histological revision of surgical specimens suggests the cervical recurrence of the prior gynecological cancer, rather than a thyroid carcinoma metastasis. The case described shows how carefully the cytological, histological and immunoistochemical results must be evaluated in oncological management, considering the whole patient’s history.

Learning points:

Neck lymph node metastases occasionally originate from anatomically distant primary sites, such as breast, lung, gastro-intestinal tract, genito-urinary tract and CNS.

Histological and immunohistochemical evaluations play an important role to identify the primary malignant site, although in some cases they could mislead the clinicians.

A multidisciplinary approach and the evaluation of the whole medical history of the patient are mandatory to guide the diagnostic-therapeutic path and to avoid unnecessary treatments.
Hypopituitarism in Wilson’s disease resolved after copper-chelating therapy
Authors: Dauth Nina , Mücke Victoria T , Mücke Marcus M , Lange Christian M , Welker Martin , Zeuzem Stefan , Badenhoop Klaus
Published: January 2021

Wilson’s disease (WD) is a rare disorder of copper metabolism usually presenting with variable liver damage and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Here we report a 39-year-old Taiwanese female with late manifestation of WD presenting with gonadotroph, thyreotroph and corticotroph hypopituitarism. Molecular genetic testing revealed compound heterozygosity for two mutations in exons 12 and 14 (c.2828G>A and c.3140A>T). Copper-chelating therapy with D-penicillamine and zinc was initiated along with supplementation of hydrocortisone and L-thyroxine. Hypopituitarism resolved when urinary copper excretion returned to normal levels under copper chelation. This case should raise awareness of pituitary function in WD patients.

Learning points

Hypopituitarism can complicate Wilson’s disease (WD) and endocrinologists should be aware of it when caring for hypopituitary patients.

Hepatologists should consider endocrinologic testing for hypopituitarism when WD patients present with symptoms of adrenal insufficiency, thyroid or gonadal dysfunction.

Copper-chelating treatment is mandatory and may lead to the recovery of pituitary function in such patients.
Effects of mitotane on testicular adrenal rest tumors in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency: a retrospective series of five patients
Authors: Bachelot Anne , Lapoirie Marion , Dulon Jérôme , Leban Monique , Renard Penna Raphaële , Touraine Philippe
Published: January 2021

We conducted a retrospective study on the long-term effect of mitotane treatment on testicular adrenal rest tumors (TARTs) in five adult patients with classic 21-hydroxylase deficiency. After 60 months of mitotane treatment, a decrease in adrenal steroids was observed in four patients. Testicular ultrasonography showed complete disappearance of TART in two patients, stabilization in two patients and a halving of TART volume in the remaining patient. Sperm count improved notably in two patients who had normal baseline inhibin B levels and small inclusions, thus enabling cryopreservation of the subjects’ semen. Four years of follow-up of these two patients after the withdrawal of mitotane showed no recurrence of TART and persistent normal testicular function. In conclusion, mitotane could be used as a last resort in CAH patients in the cases of azoospermia associated with TARTs but normal inhibin B levels, as it can improve long-term endocrine and exocrine testicular function.
Opposing effects of thyroid hormones on cancer risk: a population-based study
Authors: Krashin Eilon , Silverman Barbara , Steinberg David M , Yekutieli Daniel , Giveon Shmuel , Fabian Offer , Hercbergs Aleck , Davis Paul J , Ellis Martin , Ashur-Fabian Osnat
Published: January 2021

Objective

The association between dysregulated thyroid hormone function and cancer risk is inconclusive, especially among different age groups and uncommon malignancies. We sought to determine the relation of TSH and free T4 levels with overall cancer risk as well as risk of specific cancer types.

Design and methods

Data on thyroid hormone profile was collected from 375 635 Israeli patients with no prior history of cancer. Cancer cases were identified via the Israel National Cancer Registry. Cox proportional hazards model was used to assess hazard ratios for overall cancer as well as 20 cancer subgroups.

Results

In this study, 23 808 cases of cancer were detected over median follow up of 10.9 years. Among patients younger than 50 at inclusion, TSH in the hyperthyroid range, elevated free T4 and subclinical hyperthyroidism were associated with increased cancer risk (HR: 1.3, 1.28 and 1.31, respectively). In contrast, patients 50 or older with clinical hyperthyroidism were at lower cancer risk (HR: 0.64). Elevated TSH was associated with decreased risk of prostate cancer (HR: 0.67). Log-TSH elevation was associated with decreased risk of thyroid cancer (HR: 0.82) and increased risk of melanoma (HR: 1.11) and uterine cancer (HR: 1.27). Elevated free T4 was associated with increased lung cancer risk (HR: 1.54), while free T4 levels above the normal range and clinical hyperthyroidism were related to lower colorectal cancer risk (HR: 0.59 and 0.08, respectively).

Conclusions

Thyroid hormones display opposing effects on cancer risk, based on patient age and cancer type.
Revitalising Organisations’ Emergency Succession Planning in the Face of the Covid-19 Outbreak
Authors: Bano Yasmeen , Omar Siti Sarah , Ismail Fadillah
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the need for emergency succession planning during the current covid-19 pandemic. Today, organizations cannot ignore the fact that their employees are their most valuable capital. The pandemic has spread like wildfire with serious consequences on multiple sectors, with most experts postulating that the world is facing the worst recession ever experienced. This pandemic has seriously impacted all businesses, with some permanently shut down like food and beverage, hotels and airlines leaving millions of people jobless on temporary or permanent layoffs. Some, on the other hand, are benefiting from this grim situation such as healthcare products like mask and glove manufacturing, and remote-conferencing services such as Zoom. In this situation, organizations must focus on key changes that can sustain business continuity. This pandemic has forced all organizations to relook and revitalise their emergency succession plan. This study is a review paper which will highlight the difference between long-term and emergency succession planning, the major challenges faced by all organizations and, suggests best options for preparing emergency succession planning during the pandemic crises. This study applies to all sectors of business.
Enforced Isolation: How does it affect the Psychosocial and Physical Development of Children?
Authors: Asvaroğlu Sevim , Olkanlı Fezile
Published: January 2021

This paper discusses the impact of enforced isolation brought on by the Covid19 restrictions on the psychosocial development and physical well-being of children through a review of relevant literature as the research method. The analysis of the reviewed literature has identified that the impact of enforced isolation include mental health issues such as stress, depression and anxiety as well as physical concerns such as obesity which can have long-lasting effects into adulthood. Severe outcomes extending into adulthood include substance abuse, self-harm, aggressive behaviours and suicidal ideation. The study also offers some solutions on ways to mitigate the effects of enforced isolation on the psychosocial development of children. Maintaining children’s physical well-being during the lockdown are also offered as part of the solutions.
Crocus baalbekensis K. Addam & M. Bou Hamdan sp. Nov and its three forms (IRIDACEAE), new endemic species and forms from Lebanon, joined the Lebanese Flora
Authors: Addam Khodr , Bou-Hamdan Mounir , Sabbagh Nisreen , Takkoush Jihad , Hout Kamal
Published: January 2021

Crocus baalbekensis K. Addam & M. Bou Hamdan sp. Nov is nominated as a novel species in addition to its three forms from Baalbek District, northeast of Lebanon. The new species resembles Crocus aleppicus and Crocus hyemalis but varies in terms of phytogeography, phenology, and some taxonomic structures such as (corm, tunic, leaves, and shape of the perianth, segment and others). Thousands of this new species were perceived in countless villages in the northern city of Baalbek. It grows in cold semi-arid climates in stony grasslands, tundra where trees are absent. Plant material and morphological analyses were done, measurements, colors, and other details given in the description are based on both herbarium and fresh materials. Morphological data were taken from more than 10 specimens. The flower is 1-6, 30-40mm tall, white, fragrant (Fresia smell), corm oblong conical about 20-26mm x 14-20mm in diameter. Corm tunic 4-10 layers, brown, extended neck 10-20mm, great build-up of old tunics, coarse parallel fibers, not glued together, with cross-links. Leaves 4-12 (present at flowering), green, glabrous, white stripe about 1/4 of leaf keels, Spathe, 3-4, membranous white to pale yellow pipe. Outer perianth segment, 3, oblanceolate, abaxial side is colored by yellow, mottled by dark blue–violet, middle (1 to 3) stripe of dark violates veins continue to the segment, filament, 3, deep yellow, Anther, wide, arrow shape, longitudinally striped in black and yellow. Style 1, deep yellow to orange, sometimes striped by thinner black lines, divided to 3 stigmas, equal or longer than the stamen. Stigma (each one) is branched to 3-6 short strands. Voucher specimen (Holotype) is deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon, Accession No.: 22-1-17-58-001. The three forms resemble Crocus baalbekensis but differ in the color of the tepals.
Development of low pressure reverse osmosis membrane for desalination process
Authors: Hassan Abdul Rahman , Mansoor A Al Dabbaas Khuzama , Sulaiman Nor Azirah , Safari Nurul Hannan Mohd , Rozali Sabariah
Published: January 2021

Water shortage has become a real problem at global level and therefore, new and innovative technologies were established to provide sustainable solutions to water crisis. One of the effective approaches to resolve the global challenges is introducing the membrane-based desalination. Reverse Osmosis (RO) is a pressure driven membrane process which becoming increasingly popular and widely used for water purification applications that require high salt rejection such as brackish and seawater desalination. In this study, the influence of Sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) surfactant in producing the finest membrane for desalination were investigated in terms of performance, morphological structure and molecular orientation. From a polymer blending of polysulfone (PSF)/N-Methyl-2-Pyrrolidone (NMP)/polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)/sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) were formulated for making of low pressure reverse osmosis (LPRO) membrane. In order to examine the influence of SDS surfactant, different concentration from 0 wt% to 3 wt% were employed for desalination application of 10,000ppm (brackish water) and 50 000ppm (seawater). Experimental data showed that the increasing of 0.5wt% in surfactant produced higher pure water permeation (PWP) and flux. At 2.5wt% of SDS, the LPRO membranes showed the highest PWP of about 44.8L/m2h and brackish water flux at 45.58L/m2h. Meanwhile, at 3.0wt%, the highest flux of seawater at 39.37L/m2h was obtained. Moreover, the optimized LPRO (2wt% of SDS) membrane performed high rejection ratio of 90.9% for brackish water and 90.4% for seawater concentration of 10,000ppm and 50,000ppm, respectively. Therefore, the findings revealed that the fabricated LPRO membrane having a good potential to be used as eco-efficient desalination process of brackish water and seawater technology.
Environmental impact of women exploitation of forest resources in some forest reserves in Osun State, Nigeria
Authors: Temitope Asifat Janet , Oyebamiji Ogunbode Timothy
Published: January 2021

Loss of forest resources in Nigeria is between 2.6% and 3.5% per annum. Thus, an investigation on the effects of utilization of forest resources by women in five forest reserves, namely; Oba Hill, Ago-Owu, Shasha, Ife Native and Ikeji-Ipetu Forest Reserves in Osun State was conducted. Five hundred questionnaires were administered across the five locations at an average of one hundred per study area. Focus Group Discussions were also carried out as data quality control measure. Data analysis adopted tabulation, frequency distribution and percentages. The results across the five locations showed that the total proportion of live woody forest products collected was 19.0% higher than 14.8% of dry woody forest products collected with FGDs revealing that 87.2% did not bother about replanting. The implication of these findings is that more land areas were opened up to direct run-off and solar radiation through the cutting and collection of live trees, the situation suggesting that forest degradation is on course in the area with no interest in replacing trees removed among the respondents. It is therefore, recommended that alternative sources of energy should be introduced and made available to the women in the study area to minimise forest trees removal and to avert energy source-related crisis. Also, appropriate legislation should be put in place to protect the forest from further depletion and women are enlightened on environmental degradation caused by forest live trees removal.
Effect of nocturnal lighting on an ant’s ethological and physiological traits
Authors: Cammaerts Marie-Claire , Cammaerts Roger
Published: January 2021

Artificial nocturnal lighting affects the nature, an impact best studied on vertebrates that are directly depending on the presence or absence of light. Here, we examined on an ant species taken as a model the effects of artificial nocturnal lighting on eleven physiological and ethological traits. Ant workers maintained under nocturnal lighting showed a decrease or a change in their level of activity, food consumption, locomotion, orientation ability, audacity, tactile perception, social relationship, learning and memory. This was largely observed during the night but the effects persisted, at a lower extend, during the day.
Holstein cow vocalization behavior during oestrus periods
Authors: Göncü Serap , Bozkurt Sibel
Published: January 2021

In this study, it is aimed to investigate the estrus behavior characteristics of cows by observing them comparatively and to reveal especially the sound related features in detail. For this purpose cows were observing during the oestrus time for their vocalization behavior. Oestrus affected by many hormones secreted by the animal during oestrus periods. There are several estrus detection methods, but efficiency differs depending on many factors. Efficient oestrus detection effect reproductive performance, while providing a significant increase in productivity in herd management and eliminating factors that inhibit reproductive performance. This research was investigated between February -May 2017 at Private dairy Farm which is located Mediterranean region of Turkey. At the beginning experiment, cows were selected depending on their characteristics as an example at the beginning of the experiment in order to minimize the experimental error and avoid the effects caused by the differences between the groups. Holstein milking cows which selected similar lactation number (3,1±0,84), body weight (664,69±7,45) and milk yield (25,96±0,49) were used. 150 head cows were synchronized with their estrus using the ovsych protocol and 10 cows were taken observation pen. The barn where the experiment is conducted is a free-stall barn and there are also walking areas for animals. Oestrus behavior of the cows was recorded by the researchers using directly observation methods. During oestrus period vocalizations behavior increased from 12,67±2,11 to 61,46±12,18 calls. During post oestrus period vocalization of cows decreased to 24,00±2,01. There are big variations between the cow vocalization. But cow calling; a statistically significant difference was found between the number of repetitions of sound; repetition was significantly longer in heat cows (p <0.01). Results suggest that more studies are required to draw strong conclusions regarding detailed information about oestrus situation of cow.
New ten varieties and five subspecies of crocus baalbekensis K. Addam & M. Bou-Hamdan (Iridaceae) endemic to Lebanon added to the Lebanese flora
Authors: Addam Khodr H , Bou-Hamdan Mounir , Takkoush Jihad , Hout Kamal
Published: January 2021

Fifteen new world record Crocus baalbekensis var. decorus, fluctus, flavo-album, makniensis, youninensis, rasbaalbekensis, rihaensis, shaathensis, shlifensis, tnaiyetensis, subsp. ahlansis, anthopotamus, fakihansis, harbatansis, and rassomensis, joined the Lebanese flora and particularly the Iridaceae family. They were found in Baalbek-Hermel from North Baalbek to Hermel. All of them display C. Baalbekensis but vary in many taxonomic details. The validation for the existence of these new Varieties and Subspecies were verified by illustrated morphologic descriptions and observations were based on fresh materials. More than twenty years of fieldwork and three years of observation, phenology, and exploration of a host of locations, numerous quantities were found varying mostly from ten to more of the new species. Voucher specimens of the plants (Holotypes) were deposited in K. Addam’s Herbarium at Arts, Sciences and Technology University in Lebanon. The goal of this study was to display a comparative account on the anatomical and ecological characters of the 10 varieties and 5 subspecies of Crocus baalbekensis taxa as well as highlight the taxonomical importance of their corm, corm tunic, leaves, measurements, and comparisons of other structural anatomical differences and similarities.
Investigation on mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion of community waste and cow dung: effect of operating parameters
Authors: Amano KO Ansah , Appiah-Danquah E , Adom E , Ntiri-Asiedu AG , Amoamah ES , Nkansah DK
Published: January 2021

Management of waste is a key concern in several communities in Ghana. The exponential growth in waste generation imposes serious threats such as environmental pollution, health risk and scarcity of dumping site to our society. A large variety of organic rich materials inherent in this waste have high potential to be treated by the use of anaerobic digestion. In this study, eight (8) Laboratory scale biodigesters were used for the anaerobic co-digestion of household and market waste with cow dung as inoculum, controlled at a pH range of 6.53-7.04 and at a mesophilic temperature of 35±2˚C. The study was also conducted in batch mode at a hydraulic retention time of 21 days. The anaerobic co-digestion process was developed and optimized at varying feedstock to inoculum ratio to determine the potential biogas yield from each proportion. The results obtained indicate sample S8, containing market waste and inoculum in the ratio of 6:1 produced the optimum concentration of methane (51% v/v biogas) while the least was recorded by sample S2 primarily made up of market waste. ANOVA results show that the concentration of methane produced from the substrate is significantly affected by the hydraulic retention time and pH value of the anaerobic digestion process.
Relationship of heavy metals concentration accumulation via geloina similis physical properties using exponential regression models
Authors: Abdullah Noraini
Published: January 2021

Modelling applications in trends of environmental sciences are currently very much sought after in identifying the determinants affecting the ecosystem. This study thus aspires to demonstrate the modelling procedures in the study of the relationship between the concentration of heavy metals in the soft tissues and the physical properties of Geloina similis by using the exponential regression modelling approach. Data collected for this study were obtained from a mangrove lagoon in Salut, in the state of Sabah, East Malaysia. Experimental analyses were carried out in the laboratory of the Environmental Science Program of the Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. Physical properties of molusc (Geloina similis) considered were differences in length, height, width, wet weight, and dry weight, besides the length and width of the soft tissues. Mathematical modelling procedures were then employed, involving listing out all the possible models, model transformation of non-linear to linear models, multicollinearity test, coefficient test, followed by the Runs test and residuals normality test. The best model obtained was tested for its robustness and accuracy for prediction via the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). Findings showed that the physical properties of Geloina similis involving height (X2), wet weight (X4), and interaction between height and length tissue (X2A), had significantly contributed to the concentration of heavy metals accumulation (HMA) as given by equation:. Due to the absorption habit of Geloina similis, and the presence of heavy metals in the soils, it can be concluded that the presence of heavy metals concentration in the soft tissues of G.similis are thus found to have significant relationship with the molusc physical properties.
Deterioration of blue Nile forests and its ecological effects in the Gezira State– Sudan
Authors: Al Zubair Mohammed Ahmed HA , Alkhair Sabah , Hamdan MM
Published: January 2021

The research aims to outline the major characteristics of forest cover in Greater Wad Madani and South Gezira Localities including the areas around the Blue Nile in the period 1973-2019 and analyze the apparent spatial and temporal attributes pertaining to species density, frequency and abundance and the causes of its deterioration and the impact of this deterioration on the ecosystem of the study area. To achieve these aims, digital data from satellite images taken by the U.S Land sat 5 and Land sat 7 for the years 1973, 2001 and 2016 were processed and analyzed using Erdas Imagine, Arc Map and GiS, whereby a quantitative and qualitative inventory of the forest cover is carried out using the square method to determine the percentage of coverage, density and abundance of tree species. The inventory showed clearly that diversity of tree species underwent clear decimation. Some species that were prevalent in the past became at the present few and rare such as Acacia nilotica, Acacia seyal vor seyal and Acacia nubica. Some of the species almost disappeared such as A.seyal vor fistula. Noteworthy, the Prosopis juliflora and Capparis decidua are beginning to be dominant unless measures are taken to combat their spread. An important indicator of the deterioration of forest cover is the decrease in the area of forests. While the forested area in the Locality comprised 14.7% of the total area of the study area in 1973 it decreased to 3.1% in 2016. The main reasons behind this deterioration were the need of the population for wood for fuel purposes, construction, traditional industries and grazing. The research raised several recommendations which include the preparation of a comprehensive environmental database on land use which must include the forest cover in addition to establishment of an administrative monitoring and follow up organ equipped with modern technology to ensure the sustainable conservation of forests.
LEWIS, Jonathan. 2018. The Algerian War in French/Algerian Writing. Literary Sites of Memory. Cardiff: University of Wales Press
Authors: Mertz-Baumgartner Birgit
Published: January 2021

Rezension
AFONSO, Raquel. 2019. Homossexualidade e Resistência no Estado Novo. Lisboa: Lua Eléctrica.
Authors: Fernando Curopos
Published: January 2021

Recensão
MARCHI, Riccardo. 2018. The Portuguese Far Right. Between Late Authoritarianism and Democracy (1945-2015). London: Routledge.
Authors: Pinheiro Teresa
Published: January 2021

Rezension
Rumänien - "so" oder doch ganz "anders"?
Authors: Bopp-Filimonov Valeska , Munteanu Valentin , Pfeiffer Miriam
Published: January 2021

Literature Review zu
Boia, Lucian. 2014. Warum ist Rumänien anders? Aus dem Rumänischen von Georg Aescht. Bonn/Hermannstadt: Schillerverlag.
Mihăilescu, Vintilă (ed.). 2019. Warum Rumänien so ist. Die Avatare des rumänischen Exzeptionalismus. Reihe „Blickpunkt Rumänien: 6“. Wien/ Hamburg: new academic press.
Discursos brujescos ambivalentes
Authors: Wörsdörfer Anna Isabell
Published: January 2021

La bruja ocupa una posición destacada entre las figuras históricamente marginadas. Como representante de creencias heterodoxas, es perseguida por la Iglesia Católica sin piedad y, debido a su comportamiento a menudo desviado como, por ejemplo, a sus conocimientos ‘extraordinarios’, es excluida de la sociedad por la masa (rural). Centrándose en el contexto moderno temprano, por un lado, y, por otro lado, en la serie televisiva contemporánea El ministerio del tiempo, este artículo revela que el estatus marginal de las mujeres acusadas de brujería fue el resultado de una construcción social. El análisis de las fuentes históricas, así como del episodio “Tiempo de hechizos” demuestran cómo habitualmente se generan y se utilizan los rumores. Además, se atiende a la complejidad de la imagen de la bruja, que – como presenta claramente el episodio – puede desempeñar ambos papeles en disputa de interpretación: el de la víctima y el de la delincuente.
Is C Reactive Protein a Risk Indicator for Periodontal Disease?
Authors: Rojas González Gisella , Silva de la Fuente Sandra
Published: January 2021

Periodontitis is an inflammatory multifactorial chronic disease, caused by microorganisms that destroys periodontal tissues.  In the last years, several studies have described an association between periodontitis and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This relationship has been made since both diseases share the same risk factors and they both increase C reactive proteins levels. C-reactive protein (C-RP) is a well-known inflammatory marker. This study was designed to try to stablish the relationship between C-RP levels and periodontitis in a group of patients that need periodontal treatment at Odontology Faculty in Universidad de Costa Rica.  Periodontal examinations were done to 30 patients and blood samples were taken. The mean value of C-RP found was 3.72mg/L (IC95%: 2.06-5.38) which represents a medium-high risk level. 54% of the patients had generalized chronic periodontitis, without statistical difference when compared gender (p=0.416) or age (p=0.477). 43% had chronic localized periodontitis and 3% gingivitis. Females showed a higher risk for cardiovascular disease (p=0.640). No statistical differences were found between C-RP values relating gender, age or other comorbilities, even though mean values were always higher in those suffering metabolic diseases (5.5mg/L) compared to those values from patients not suffering the same diseases (2.7mg/L).
The southernmost distribution range of Isoetes panamensis Maxon & C.V. Morton (Lycopodiopsida, Isoetaceae) in the relicts of the Cerrado in southern Brazil
Authors: Pereira Jovani B. S. , Brotto Marcelo , Labiak Paulo H.
Published: January 2021

Establishing the geographical distribution limits of species may provide not only data to understand their range of adaptation to conservation proposals but also records of the dynamics in the vegetation across the time. Here we report the southernmost limit of the occurrence of Isoetes panamensis Maxon & C.V. Morton within a relict of the Cerrado in Paraná, Brazil. This find highlights the importance of fieldwork in relicts of the Cerrado to enhance the knowledge about the flora of Paraná and the vegetational dynamic of the Cerrado in the past.
UJI LABORATORIUM KESESUAIAN UKURAN CELAH PELOLOSAN PADA BUBU LIPAT TERHADAP TINGKAT PELOLOSAN RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus)
Authors: Rahman Muhammad Arif , Harlyan Ledhyane Ika , Iranawati Feni , Oktaviana Riska , Subali Imam , Yulianto Eko Sulkhani
Published: January 2021

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) merupakan salah satu komoditas perikanan yang memiliki nilai ekonomis penting yang ditangkap dengan alat tangkap pasif, seperti bubu lipat. Penggunaan celah pelolosan pada bubu diharapkan mampu memenuhi ukuran rajungan yang diperbolehkan untuk ditangkap sebagaimana yang tertulis pada Peraturan Menteri Kelautan dan Perikanan 12/2020 (lebar karapas >10 cm). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui ukuran celah pelolosan yang sesuai untuk meloloskan rajungan dengan lebar karapas 10 cm serta mampu menahan rajungan dengan lebar karapas >10 cm. Sebanyak 30 ekor rajungan dengan lebar karapas 9-10,8 cm diuji cobakan terhadap tiga ukuran celah pelolosan yang berbeda (4,6 x 2,6 cm; 5 x 3 cm; dan 7 x 2,5 cm), dengan tiga kali ulangan. Uji coba dilaksanakan di laboratorium pada bulan Maret 2020. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak ada perbedaan tingkat pelolosan rajungan pada ketiga ukuran celah pelolosan. Meski demikian, ukuran 4,6 x 2,6 cm diyakini merupakan ukuran yang paling efektif karena mampu meloloskan rajungan dengan lebar karapas 10 cm (46,9%), serta paling bagus dalam menahan rajungan dengan lebar karapas >10 cm tetap berada di dalam bubu. Percobaan lapang terhadap ukuran celah pelolosan ini pada beberapa perairan diperlukan untuk mengkonfirmasi penggunaannya pada perikanan rajungan.The blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus, BSC) is one of fishery commodities caught by passive gears, such as collapsible traps. The use of escape-vent on traps was supposed to comply with the legal size of BSC’s catch declared in the Ministerial Decree 12/2020 (i.e. >10 cm of carapace width). To determine an appropriate escape-vent size which is able to release BSC of 10 cm Carapace Width (CW) and to retain BSC of > 10 cm CW, 30 samples of BSC were tested on three different sizes of escape-vent (4.6 x 2.6 cm; 5 x 3 cm; and 7 x 2.5 cm) with three replications of each size. The results show that there was no significant difference of BSC’s escape rate among the escape-vent sizes. However, the size of 4.6 x 2.6 cm was assumed as the most effective escape-vent as it could release BSC of 10 cm CW (46.9%), and best to retain BSC of >10 cm CW inside the trap compared to other sizes. Field investigation might be needed to confirm the effect of the appropriate escape-vent size of collapsible trap on BSC fishery.
El operador modal de obligación «por fuerza»
Authors: Moreno-Benítez Damián
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo analizamos un tipo de operadores discursivos poco estudiado: los que indican modalidad deóntica. Nos referimos a los operadores que expresan obligación por parte del hablante. Partimos, en concreto, del estudio de por fuerza y comprobamos sus características: distribución, funciones pragmáticas, frecuencia de uso y grado de gramaticalización. El proceso de gramaticalización nos va a arrojar luz sobre cómo se generan y evolucionan los marcadores discursivos y, de esta forma, queremos contribuir al desarrollo de la gramática discursiva o macrosintaxis.
«Por (lo) tanto» en «contextos reducidos» (II): análisis cualitativo
Authors: De-la-Fuente-García Mario , Iglesias-Bango Manuel , Maquieira-Rodríguez Marina
Published: January 2021

En este trabajo se tratan ciertos casos en los que el marcador o conector discursivo por (lo) tanto pone en relación elementos que no son enunciados oracionales, en un tipo de contextos que proponemos llamar “contextos reducidos”. La anterior es una locución que interviene en construcciones consecutivas y que alterna en la mayoría de los casos con otras expresiones como por consiguiente, en consecuencia, así que y conque. En este estudio se analizarán las características sintácticas, semánticas y macrosintácticas de las secuencias en las que interviene por (lo) tanto, tanto sean casos de contextos prototípicos como reducidos, con el fin de observar posibles diferencias con respecto a los ejemplos en los que aparecen los otros segmentos que pueden marcar relación ilativa. Esta entrega tuvo un antecedente, en el que nos ocupamos de sus características cuantitativas y formales.