bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A EDUCAÇÃO FINANCEIRA COMO UM DIFERENCIAL NAS DECISÕES DE CONSUMO E INVESTIMENTO DOS ESTUDANTES DO CURSO DE CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS NA GRANDE JOÃO PESSOA
Authors: Correia Thamirys de Sousa , Lucena Wenner Glaucio Lopes , Gadelha Kalyne Amaral Di Lorenzo
Published: December 2021

Sabendo-se que para os que objetivam uma saúde financeira, conhecimentos úteis, ferramentas adequadas para lidar melhor com o dinheiro, bem como não prejudicar o orçamento ao final do mês, a Educação Financeira é imprescindível nas decisões de consumo e investimento, a presente pesquisa tem como intuito descrever o nível de educação financeira dos jovens estudantes de Ciências Contábeis. Quanto à metodologia, foi realizada a aplicação de questionários aplicados a alunos iniciantes e concluintes de Contabilidade, em cinco instituições de ensino da grande João Pessoa, quatro particulares e uma pública, sendo utilizado o programa estatístico SPSS para tabular os dados. Constatou-se que as mães com maior instrução acadêmica auxiliam para uma melhor educação financeira dos seus filhos, respondido pelo teste de Mann-Whitney U. Os respondentes em uma percentagem considerável optaram pela estabilidade nos retornos dos investimentos em detrimento aos riscos. E dos que afirmaram não possuir dívidas, muitos alunos demonstram se preocupar com a qualidade e preços dos produtos que adquirem, bem como preferir a estabilidade da poupança em detrimento aos financiamentos.
PRÁTICAS DE GESTÃO DE CUSTOS ADOTADAS POR ORGANIZAÇÕES PAULISTAS DO SETOR DE ABRASIVOS E REFRATÁRIOS: UM ESTUDO COMPARATIVO
Authors: Reckziegel Valmor , Machado Debora Gomes , Piva Regiane de Souza , Lemke Francielly Simões
Published: December 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo analisar a aderência/utilização das práticas de gestão de custos por organizações paulistas do setor de abrasivos e refratários, dentro do contexto de evolução dos estudos publicados por Souza, Lisboa e Rocha (2003) e Reckziegel, Souza e Diehl (2007). Inicialmente, o trabalho abordou a importância da contabilidade de custos como instrumento de controle e gestão, bem como a revisão de práticas para mensuração e gestão de custos, destacando o custeio e gestão baseada em atividades, o custo da qualidade, o custo-alvo, o custeio do ciclo de vida e a análise da cadeia de valor, defendidos por alguns autores como adequadas ao novo ambiente. O estudo foi realizado em cinco empresas pertencentes a um grupo empresarial situado na região da grande São Paulo, no intuito de investigar a realidade de setores diferentes dos abordados em estudos anteriores. Desenvolveu-se uma pesquisa levantamento, de cunho descritivo, por meio de questionário, com abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados evidenciam que as práticas de gestão de custos têm aceitação pelos gestores e profissionais da área, e, que dentro da necessidade informacional observa-se a aceitação por eles de novos instrumentos de gestão de custos. Especificamente com relação à aplicação do custeio e gestão baseada em atividades, os resultados demonstraram a não aceitação pelos gestores das empresas pesquisadas, confirmando resultados semelhantes aos estudos anteriores.
ANÁLISE DA PREFERÊNCIA DO ESTILO DE APRENDIZAGEM DOS ALUNOS DE GRADUAÇÃO EM CIÊNCIAS CONTÁBEIS
Authors: Turra Salete , Jacomossi Fellipe Andre , Biavatti Vania Tanira
Published: December 2021

Os estilos de aprendizagem vêm sendo cada vez mais estudados e desenvolvidos no ensino superior, pois possibilitam ao aluno identificar novas formas de pensar sobre seu próprio estilo. Deste modo, o objetivo do estudo é analisar a preferência em relação ao estilo de aprendizagem demonstrado pelos alunos do curso de ciências contábeis matriculados na UCEFF Faculdades no município de Chapecó S/C. As informações foram coletadas por meio do questionário de estilos de aprendizagem de Kolb de 1984, e analisados de forma descritiva, qualitativo. A população da pesquisa compreende todas as faculdades de graduação em ciências contábeis do município de Chapecó/SC. Para a escolha da amostra utilizou-se o método não probabilístico por conveniência. Deste modo, a amostra do estudo compreende uma faculdade de graduação em ciências contábeis do município de Chapecó/SC. A faculdade UCEFF, apresenta um total de 150 alunos matriculados no curso de ciências contábeis, o questionário aplicado foi enviado por meio eletrônico. Deste modo, a amostra final ficou composta por 53 alunos. Os resultados demonstram que o estilo de aprendizagem predominante nos estudantes do curso de ciências contábeis da UCEFF Faculdades foi o divergente.
O USO DA INFORMAÇÃO CONTÁBIL PELAS ORGANIZAÇÕES DO TERCEIRO SETOR: PRÁTICAS DE CONTABILIDADE DAS FUNDAÇÕES DE APOIO DAS UNIVERSIDADES PÚBLICAS DA REGIÃO SUL DO BRASIL
Authors: Antonelli Ricardo Adriano , Augustinho Sônia Maria , Pacheco Vicente
Published: December 2021

A transparência nas relações intermediadas pelas fundações de apoio às universidades públicas brasileiras é questionada por recentes investigações. Sendo a contabilidade ferramenta indispensável à transparência da gestão de qualquer organização, colocou-se como pergunta para esta pesquisa: Quais são as práticas de contabilidade das fundações de apoio a instituições públicas de ensino superior no Brasil? O estudo se valeu da análise documental e pesquisa de campo a partir da aplicação de questionário estruturado. Os dados foram tratados com o emprego de técnicas estatísticas de análise descritiva e univariada e comparação de médias. Como resultado, observa-se que as informações contábeis são utilizadas pelas fundações preferencialmente para fins fiscais e controle das operações, enquanto o planejamento e o orçamento são utilizados por 90% das fundações, os custos são calculados por apenas 40% dessas organizações, revelando o uso primordial da contabilidade para atender aos ditames da legislação e as normas impostas por seus financiadores.
Projeto Rádio Zói d’Água: memória, música e poesia dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri
Authors: Carlos Freire José , Petrocelio Fonseca Nathália , Reis Barcelos Herena , Jheynnata Mendes Nogueira Gheidlla , Lucas Santos Avelino Rafael
Published: December 2021

Em função do reconhecimento da importância da cultura para a formação do ser humano e sendo as manifestações culturais parte fundamental da identidade dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, o presente trabalho analisa o processo de desenvolvimento de três ações do Projeto de Extensão Rádio Zói d’Água, da Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, compreendendo-o como um instrumento de valorização e divulgação das produções artísticas e culturais das regiões onde se insere a Universidade, sobretudo a produção musical e literária. O projeto permitiu o experimentar da interdisciplinaridade, o aprimoramento da competência linguística oral e escrita, bem como a oportunidade de reflexão por parte daquele que produziu o conteúdo informado, estimulando ainda o trabalho em equipe. Os três programas desenvolvidos, a saber, “Prosa de Domingo”, “Prosa de Cultura” e “Prosa Literária”, permitiram que a Universidade potencializasse sua interação e integração social.
Do Advertisements Disrupt Reading? Evidence From Eye Movements
Authors: Lan Haiting , Liao Sixin , Kruger Jan‐Louis
Published: January 2025

Reading online texts is often accompanied by visual distractors such as advertisements. Although previous studies have found that visual distractors are attention‐demanding, little is known about how they impact reading. Drawing on text‐based and word‐based eye‐movement measures, the current study examines how three types of ads (static image, flashing text and video) influence readers' reading comprehension and reading process. Results show that increasingly animated ads were more distracting than static ones at the text level, as evidenced by more and longer fixations, and more regressions. Moreover, the word frequency effect was stronger when reading with ads with flashing text than without ads on gaze duration and total reading time, suggesting that linguistic‐related animated ads interfere with word processing. Although visual distractors reduced their reading speed and word processing efficiency, readers managed to maintain sufficient comprehension by adopting a more mindful reading strategy, indicating how metacognition functions in complex reading situations.
Relationship Between Gout Flare States and Patient‐Reported Outcomes After Allopurinol Initiation
Authors: Stamp Lisa K. , Frampton Chris , Stewart Sarah , Petrie Keith J. , Edwards N. Lawrence , Gaffo Angelo , Dalbeth Nicola
Published: January 2025

Objective

Gout flares are the most important clinical feature of the disease. A hypothetical maximum flare occurrence in the preceding six months has been suggested to be no flares for a patient‐acceptable symptom state (PASS) and only one flare for low disease activity (LDA). The aim of this analysis was to determine the relationship between gout flare states (PASS, LDA, and not in LDA or PASS [non‐LDA/PASS]) and patient‐reported outcomes.

Methods

Post hoc analyses of variance were undertaken using data from a 12‐month randomized controlled trial involving 172 people with gout, which compared low‐dose colchicine to placebo for the first 6 months while starting allopurinol with a further 6‐month follow‐up. Self‐reported gout flares were collected monthly. Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) and EuroQol 5‐domain (EQ‐5D‐3L) were completed at 0, 3, 6 ,9, and 12 months, and the gout‐specific brief illness perception questionnaire (BIPQ) was collected at months 0, 6, and 12.

Results

In the final six months of the study, 68 participants (38%) were classified as being in PASS, 34 (19%) as in LDA, and 77 (43%) as non‐LDA/PASS. There was no association between gout flare states and EQ‐5D‐3L or HAQ. There was a statistically significant association between three of eight BIPQ items with increasing consequences, identity, and concern scores across the three states of PASS, LDA, and non‐LDA/PASS.

Conclusion

The majority of people were able to achieve gout flare PASS or LDA in the second six months after commencing allopurinol. As flare burden increases, so does the impact of gout on the patient. These findings highlight the importance of flare prevention in the management of gout.
Morphological Tunability and Surface Reactivity Control of Single‐Crystal Sodium Layered Oxides Employing Spinel Ni1+xMn2−xO4 (x = 0 and 0.5) Precursor
Authors: Darga Joe , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: January 2025

Development of single‐crystal sodium layered oxide materials has garnered interest in recent years due to the success of analogous materials for lithium‐ion batteries. Methods utilizing single crystal precursors of transition‐metal spinel materials with the form TaMbO4 (T, M = Fe, Mn, Ni, Ti, Al, etc…, and a + b = 3) have been shown to yield materials that suppress intergranular cracking, but morphological control of sodium layered oxides has not been demonstrated with this method. Herein, tunable morphology of NaNi1/2Mn1/2O2 is demonstrated with materials that achieve 130 mA h g−1 at C/5 rate, with capacity retention ranging from 16% to 71% after 200 cycles depending on the morphology. Cycling with a localized high concentration electrolyte (LHCE) controls the influence of surface reactivity and underscores the critical role of the surface in capacity degradation. The impact that transition‐metal chemistry has on the tunability of particle morphology is explored, with the growth kinetics of the terminal and intermediate phases during calcination of the sodium layered oxide compositions having the largest effect on tunability from the single‐crystal templates. By understanding the factors that determine tunability, this work can be extended to offer morphological control without coprecipitation for sodium layered oxides broadly.
Direct Ink Writing of Single‐Crystal‐Assembled Perovskite Thick Films for High‐Performance X‐ray Flat‐Panel Detectors
Authors: Wang Yulong , Xu Xiuwen , Xing Guansheng , Lin Shanxiao , Yan Yurou , Zhou Quan , Chen Jianmei , Zhu Wenjuan , Chen Bing , Liu Shujuan , Zhao Qiang
Published: January 2025

Halide perovskites hold great potential in developing next‐generation X‐ray detectors. However, preparing high‐quality and thick perovskite films in a way compatible with a thin‐film transistor (TFT)‐integrated X‐ray flat‐panel detectors (XFPDs) remains challenging. Here, by engineering ink with effective printability and shape fidelity, direct ink writing (DIW) is developed as a new approach to printing a unique single‐crystal‐assembled perovskite (SCAP) thick film. In contrast to polycrystalline grains consisting of randomly orientated crystal domains, the SCAP is made of tightly packed crystals with well‐defined crystal facets, showing 3–4 orders of magnitude lower trap density (4.48 × 1012 cm−3). Consequently, the SCAP X‐ray detectors offers the state‐of‐the‐art detection performance (sensitivity‐to‐dark current ratio: 1.26 × 1011 µC Gyair−1 A−1), a low detection limit (114.2 nGyair s−1), and negligible baseline drift (0.27 fA cm−1 s−1 V−1). Furthermore, the XFPD based on a 64 × 64 pixelated TFT array realizes high‐resolution digital radiography, opening a new avenue for further development of perovskite X‐ray detectors.
Expanding Transparent Covalently Attached Liquid‐Like Surfaces for Icephobic Coatings with Broad Substrate Compatibility
Authors: Jalali Kandeloos Amirhossein , Eder Tanja , Hetey Daniel , Bismarck Alexander , Reithofer Michael R. , Cordill Megan J. , Chin Jia Min
Published: January 2025

Ice accretion causes significant energy losses and safety risks across various sectors. Recent research shows that liquid‐like surfaces (LLS) with ice‐shedding properties can be created by covalently attaching linear polymer chains onto smooth substrates with sufficient hydroxyl group densities. To expand the substrate scope for LLS, a novel system using non‐halogenated organosilanes attached to a commercial epoxy‐silicon (EpSi) coating is proposed. The EpSi layer, easily applied using simple methods, serves as a smooth intermediate layer (Ra = 0.94 nm and Rq = 0.76 nm). Air plasma activation increases hydroxyl density on EpSi, enabling LLS formation via simple immersion in an organosilane solution. The resulting coating exhibits low contact angle hysteresis (<10°), sliding angle (SA < 14°), and ice adhesion strength (τice < 20 kPa). Effective LLS is generated regardless of substrate type, coating thickness, or application method. The coating retains its slippery properties after exposure to harsh conditions, including icing/deicing cycles, organic solvents, and acidic environment. It is also highly transparent (Tave = 84.5%, t = 500 µm) with self‐cleaning and anti‐staining capabilities. This methodology broadens the substrate scope of LLS, offering a sustainable solution to ice accretion challenges.
A Systematic Study of Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Formation on Thiol‐Ene Polymers: Toward the Development of Microfluidic Bacterial Biofilm Models
Authors: Amorim Jéssica , Rosqvist Emil , Cruz Cristina D. , Haapala Markus , Peltonen Jouko , Tammela Päivi , Sikanen Tiina M.
Published: January 2025

Global antimicrobial resistance poses a major threat to human health and is largely driven by bacterial biofilms, which demonstrate significantly greater antibiotic resistance than planktonic bacteria. While most biofilm research targets the development of antibiofilm surfaces, materials that intentionally promote biofilm formation are crucial for creating screening tools to discover new antibiofilm agents. The transition from static to flow‐through assay systems is also necessary to increase the methodological readiness of antibiofilm research. This study evaluates the feasibility of an emerging polymer platform, off‐stoichiometry thiol‐ene (OSTE), in supporting Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. OSTE polymers provide versatile options for rapid prototyping of microfluidic devices, with unique opportunities for on‐chip oxygen management. Here, the impacts of OSTE's key materials properties on S. aureus adhesion, biofilm viability, biomass, and metabolic activity are systematically examined in comparison to polystyrene, the current standard in microwell plate‐based biofilm assays. Additionally, the composition of the extracellular polymer substances matrix and antimicrobial susceptibility are investigated to determine the most suitable OSTE composition for microfluidic S. aureus biofilm cultures. The results confirm compatibility with S. aureus biofilms, supported by atomic force microscopy analysis of biofilm morphologies under static and microfluidic conditions.
Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Vapor Deposition Growth of High‐Quality Single‐Crystal AB‐Stacked Bilayer Graphene
Authors: Liu Mengya , Xue Xudong , Zhou Xiahong , Liu Shan , Quan Kaifeng , Fan Fengyuan , Zhao Yao , Wang Liping , Yu Gui
Published: January 2025

High‐quality single‐crystal AB‐stacked bilayer graphene (AB‐BLG) is highly desired because of its unique electronic properties and potential applications. However, its growth is still unsatisfactory owing to the coexistence of BLG and/or multilayer graphene. Here, high‐quality AB‐BLG single crystals is synthesized with size of ≈30 µm on liquid Cu by chemical vapor deposition. The morphology and uniformity are characterized by optical micrographs and Raman spectroscopy. The crystal quality is evaluated by transmission electron microscopy, such as selected area electron diffraction and high‐resolution imaging. The high‐quality graphene layers and morphology can be regulated by tuning the oxidation degree of liquid Cu. Growth mechanism researches show that the small hexagonal graphene layer underneath the large graphene layer, forming an “inverted wedding cake” structure. Meanwhile, growth process studies by carbon isotope labeling technique in conjunction with atomic force microscope image of growth substrates with different oxidation degrees indicated that the roughness of the growth substrate can significantly affect the nucleation and growth of graphene. Appropriate roughness of liquid Cu by tuning the oxidation degree through Ar/O2 (the Ar/O2 volume ratio is 95%/5%) annealing and H2 reduction can weaken the interaction between the top graphene layer and substrate, benefiting the growth of AB‐BLG single crystals.
Prediction of Patient Drug Response via 3D Bioprinted Gastric Cancer Model Utilized Patient‐Derived Tissue Laden Tissue‐Specific Bioink
Authors: Choi Yoo‐mi , Na Deukchae , Yoon Goeun , Kim Jisoo , Min Seoyeon , Yi Hee‐Gyeong , Cho Soo‐Jeong , Cho Jae Hee , Lee Charles , Jang Jinah
Published: January 2025

Despite significant research progress, tumor heterogeneity remains elusive, and its complexity poses a barrier to anticancer drug discovery and cancer treatment. Response to the same drug varies across patients, and the timing of treatment is an important factor in determining prognosis. Therefore, development of patient‐specific preclinical models that can predict a patient's drug response within a short period is imperative. In this study, a printed gastric cancer (pGC) model is developed for preclinical chemotherapy using extrusion‐based 3D bioprinting technology and tissue‐specific bioinks containing patient‐derived tumor chunks. The pGC model retained the original tumor characteristics and enabled rapid drug evaluation within 2 weeks of its isolation from the patient. In fact, it is confirmed that the drug response‐related gene profile of pGC tissues co‐cultured with human gastric fibroblasts (hGaFibro) is similar to that of patient tissues. This suggested that the application of the pGC model can potentially overcome the challenges associated with accurate drug evaluation in preclinical models (e.g., patient‐derived xenografts) owing to the deficiency of stromal cells derived from the patient. Consequently, the pGC model manifested a remarkable similarity with patients in terms of response to chemotherapy and prognostic predictability. Hence, it is considered a promising preclinical tool for personalized and precise treatments.
Drawdown of soil phosphorus by crop removal: A meta‐analysis of 56 fields with interrupted fertilization
Authors: Gatiboni Luke , Shober Amy L. , Fiorellino Nicole , Osmond Deanna , Mosesso Lauren R.
Published: January 2025

Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient applied as fertilizer in agricultural fields. However, excessive fertilization leads to P build up in soils, increasing its potential to cause environmental pollution. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average P drawdown rate of 56 sites with drawdown management presented in 14 publications. Soil test P (STP) results were converted to Mehlich‐3 equivalent and resampling analysis was used to compare the annual drawdown rate in fields grouped by four initial STP classes. The STP was reduced by 4.3%–8.2% per year, depending on the initial STP class. It took from 8.4 to 15.9 years to reduce the STP by half. The resulting equations from this meta‐analysis can be used by landowners to estimate the time needed for STP drawdown by cropping without additional P to achieve the desired STP concentration.

Core Ideas

Cropping without phosphorus (P) fertilization is one of the few options to reduce soil test P (STP).

A meta‐analysis of the annual P drawdown rate was performed using 56 sites presented in 14 publications.

Fields were grouped into four initial STP classes based on Mehlich‐3 STP equivalent.

The STP was reduced from 4.3% to 8.2% per year in fields with high and low initial STP.

The time needed to reduce the STP by half varied from 8.4 to 15.9 years depending on the initial STP.
Impact of gypsum applications and cover crop on soybean (Glycine max) elemental composition
Authors: Gonzalez Javier M. , Dick Warren A. , Watts Dexter B. , Islam Khandakar R. , Fausey Norman R. , Batte Marvin T. , Flanagan Dennis C. , VanToai Tara T. , Reeder Randall C. , Shedekar Vinayak S.
Published: January 2025

Soybean (Glycine max) is the most important protein crop being produced globally. Sulfur is essential for enhancing its nutritional quality, particularly by increasing S‐containing amino acids. Gypsum, which provides calcium and sulfur, and cover crops, which improve soil health and indirectly affect nutrient dynamics, are promising management practices for enhancing soybean nutrient content. A 5‐year study across three US. locations evaluated the effects of surface‐applied gypsum and cover crops of cereal rye (Secale cereale) on continuous soybean production. The objective was to evaluate the soybean nutrient composition affected by these practices across various soil types and climatic conditions. Findings revealed consistent increases in soybean sulfur content with gypsum application, regardless of cover crop use. Responses of other elements were site‐dependent. In the case of cover crops, significant changes in element composition were observed mainly at the Ohio site.
Zn2⁺‐Rich Chelate Layer Facilitates Ultrahigh‐Rate Zinc Anodes Via Cation Compensation and Anion Repulsion
Authors: Zhang Yuzhe , Wang Rouya , Ao Huaisheng , Ma Tao , Zhu Xuekun , Zhang Xiaotan , Rong Jian , Zhou Ziyao , Bai Zhongchao , Dou Shi Xue , Wang Nana , Li Zhongyu
Published: January 2025

Aqueous Zn ion batteries hold great promise for next‐generation large‐scale energy storage systems due to their low cost, intrinsic safety, and environmental friendliness. However, the reversibility of Zn metal anodes is limited by severe side reactions and dendritic growth, caused by interfacial concentration gradients. To address this, a Zn2+‐rich zinc phytate (ZP) chelate layer is introduced as artificial solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) that eliminates these concentration gradients through ions compensation. Theoretical calculations and experimental results demonstrate that the ZP layer, rich in Zn2⁺ ions and exhibiting strong chelating ability to capture more Zn2+, enables rapid and dynamic ion replenishment at the interface, significantly improving Zn2⁺ transport kinetics and ensuring a uniform Zn2⁺ flux. Moreover, the strong chelation of PO₄ groups restricts the 2D diffusion of Zn2⁺ ions, promoting the uniform Zn deposition. Additionally, the ZP layer repels anions and restricts water molecules migration at the Zn anode surface, fundamentally suppressing side reactions. As a result, the modified Zn anode exhibits stable Zn plating/stripping for ≈2400 h at 1 mA cm−2 and 1 mAh cm−2, with an average Coulombic efficiency of 99.8%. Furthermore, the assembled ZP@Zn//VO2 cell displays 87.5% capacity retention after 6000 cycles at the current density of 5 A g−1.
Branding in an Online Selling Era: The Interaction and Performance Enhancement Effects of E‐Marketing and Branding for Commercial Farmers in China
Authors: Liu Tongshan , Yang Wei , Liu Jie
Published: January 2025

As internet and communication technologies reshape global business, a critical question arises: to what extent do traditional marketing strategies contribute to success in the online selling era? Examining the challenges posed by e‐commerce to conventional branding, the study employs a simultaneous equation model based on the control function to explore how the interaction between branding and e‐marketing influences business performance in the agricultural sector, using a large sample of 3291 commercial farmers in China. Our results show a positive effect of e‐marketing on business performance whilst the branding effect is found to be not significant. The analysis also uncovers a significantly positive interactive relationship between branding and e‐marketing. These findings challenge previous studies that reported positive effects of branding on business performance but did not account for confounding factors, such as e‐marketing strategies. Our findings highlight the interconnectedness of branding and e‐marketing, reflecting the real‐world case that most commercial farmers in China are keen on e‐marketing while the attractiveness of branding is flatting out.
Optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy: A multicenter cohort study
Authors: Okada Kenjiro , Uemura Kenichiro , Satoi Sohei , Fujii Tsutomu , Kawai Manabu , Yamaki So , Watanabe Toru , Motobayashi Hideki , Takahashi Shinya
Published: January 2025

Background

Antimicrobial prophylaxis is routinely administered in patients undergoing distal pancreatectomy, with cephalosporins being the most frequently used agents. However, there is limited evidence regarding optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis. This study aimed to evaluate the optimal duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis in distal pancreatectomy.

Methods

A multicenter cohort study was performed using a common database of patients who underwent distal pancreatectomy between April 2017 and March 2022 at four high‐volume centers in Japan. Eligible patients were divided into two groups according to the duration of antimicrobial prophylaxis: intraoperative or up to 24 h after surgery and more than 24 h after surgery. Primary endpoint was the incidence of surgical site infections.

Results

A total of 496 patients were enrolled in this study, including 254 and 242 patients categorized into the intraoperative or up to 24‐h and more than 24‐h groups, respectively. Surgical site infections occurred in 129 patients (26%). The intraoperative or up to 24‐h group had a significantly lower incidence of surgical site infection (19% vs. 33%, p < 0.001) and infectious clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (8% vs. 17%, p = 0.002). There were no significant differences in severe surgical site infection rates between the groups. Multivariate logistic regression identified more than 24‐h administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis as an independent risk factor for surgical site infections (p = 0.001).

Conclusion

Prolonged administration of antimicrobial prophylaxis may not be effective in preventing surgical site infections after distal pancreatectomy compared to intraoperative or up to 24‐h administration.
Baricitinib Treatment in RNU7‐1‐Associated Aicardi–Goutières Syndrome in a South African Child: A Case Report
Authors: Spracklen Timothy F. , Akhalwaya Shehnaaz , Ackermann Sally , Uggenti Carolina , Seabra Luis , Crow Yanick J. , Webb Kate
Published: January 2025

Aicardi–Goutières syndrome (AGS) is a rare monogenic type I interferonopathy. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition has emerged as a potential treatment for AGS. RNU7‐1 is one of the most recently discovered genes for AGS, and the clinical effects of JAK inhibition in these patients have not been reported. Here, we describe the diagnosis and treatment of a South African infant with RNU7‐1‐related AGS. The patient presented with developmental delay at age 5 months and was diagnosed with cerebral palsy due to a suspected congenital infection. By 18 months of age, he had a vasculitic rash, prominent generalized dystonia, persistent transaminitis, recurrent stomatitis, moderate‐range global developmental delay, and difficulty sleeping. AGS was considered after finding neuroimaging features of the disease; the diagnosis was confirmed when genetic investigations revealed two likely pathogenic RNU7‐1 compound heterozygous variants in the patient. Elevated interferon gene expression was noted in the patient and his mother who was a carrier of one RNU7‐1 variant. Baricitinib treatment was started, leading to modest, transient improvements in some clinical manifestations and a reduction in interferon‐stimulated gene expression. Liver function, dystonia, and neurological function did not improve even after increasing the baricitinib dose. Baricitinib was discontinued due to persistent and worsening adverse effects.
Intranasal Chlamydia pneumoniae Infection Induces Neuroinflammation and Cognitive Decline in Mice
Authors: Subedi Lalita , Martinon Daisy , Vit Jean‐Philippe , Fuchs Dieu‐Trang , Lane Malcolm E. , Mita Marianne , Chen Shuang , Gaire Bhakta Prasad , Koronyo Yosef , Arditi Moshe , Koronyo‐Hamaoui Maya , Crother Timothy R
Published: January 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive irreversible dementia characterized by beta‐amyloid protein plaque deposition and hyperphosphorylation of tau forming neurofibrillary tangles, and neurodegeneration. An emerging theory posits that infections could be one of the triggering factors in AD development and progression. Multiple lines of evidence have linked Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cp), a gram‐negative obligate intracellular bacterium with AD. Cp has been detected in the post‐mortem brain tissues of AD patients, however, pathomechanisms associated with Cp in AD remain unknown.

Method

Transgenic APPSWE/PS1∆E9 (ADtg) mice and non‐tg wildtype (WT) littermates were infected with Cp intranasally and sacrificed either 1 week or 6 months after infection. Mice were perfused with saline, and the brains were harvested for subsequent analysis, including PCR, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, and live Cp growth. Neurobehavioral functions were assessed through an open field, visual‐stimuli X maze, and Barnes maze tests. Primary microglia and astrocytes were infected with Cp and cytokine and chemokines production was measured by ELISA.

Result

We found Cp in the olfactory bulb and brain of mice 7 days after infection and the infiltration of inflammatory cells into the brain. Cp infection resulted in microglial activation. Immunohistochemical analysis also revealed the activation of microglia and astrocytes in the Cp‐infected mouse brain. In addition, Cp infection led to increased mRNA expression of neuroinflammatory mediators such as cytokines and chemokines. Primary astrocytes and microglia cultures could sustain Cp growth and produce proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines in response to infection. Live Cp in the brain was also observed 7 months after infection and the Cp load was higher in ADtg mice than WT. Cp infection resulted in significant cognitive decline in both WT as well as ADtg mice together with increased AD‐related neuropathology.

Conclusion

Intranasal Cp infection leads to brain colonization and altered Iba1 immunoreactivity. Both primary astrocytes and microglia support Cp growth and produce neuroinflammatory cytokines. Long‐term Cp infection promotes neuroinflammation and cognitive decline in mice along with increased Aβ deposits. Cognitive impairment in Cp‐infected ADtg and WT mice as well as increased Aβ in ADtg mice suggest that Cp infection may play an important pathological role in AD development.
The participation of activating transcription factor 6 alpha, ATF6α, in Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Chauvet Mariana Gomes , Isaac Alinny Rosendo , Lourenco Mychael V
Published: January 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the leading cause of dementia in elderly humans worldwide. More than 40 million people currently suffer from AD, and this prevalence tends to increase considerably in the coming decades due to increased longevity. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is an adaptive signaling mechanism that aims to maintain cell viability under misfolded protein accumulation and endoplasmic reticulum stress. UPR activation is associated with neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD, leading to synaptic loss and neuronal death. A key but understudied branch of the UPR depends on the activation of transcription factor 6 α (ATF6α). ATF6α was recently proposed as a therapeutical target in heart disease. Nonetheless, the association between ATF6α signaling and AD remains elusive. Here, we investigated whether dysfunctional ATF6α associates with AD, using both human post‐mortem brain tissues and mouse models.

Method

ATF6α protein levels were measured in post‐mortem cerebral cortex from healthy controls (HC) and AD patients, as well as in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 transgenic mice. Using an online database (Aging, dementia and TBI study from the Allen Institute) ATF6α mRNA expression was analyzed in HC and AD subjects.

Result

Initial results suggest that ATF6α protein levels are reduced in AD patients. Using the Allen Institute database, we also found reduced ATF6α mRNA expression, in relation to the Braak scale of tau pathology in the parietal neocortex and hippocampus. Conversely, we found increased ATF6α protein levels in the hippocampus of the APP/PS1 transgenic mouse model of amyloid pathology.

Conclusion

Together, our results indicate that ATF6α may be differentially altered in AD. Further investigation of the ATF6α pathway in AD may offer a novel therapeutic perspective for cognitive decline.
How gut bacteria influence the brain barriers, neuroinflammation and Alzheimer’s disease: a role for bacterial metabolites and extracellular vesicles
Authors: Vandenbroucke Roosmarijn E ,   Barriers in Inflammation lab, VIB‐UGent Center for Inflammation Research, Ghent, Belgium
Published: January 2025

Background

The brain is shielded from the peripheral circulation by central nervous system (CNS) barriers, comprising the well‐known blood‐brain barrier (BBB) and the less recognized blood‐cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) barrier located within the brain ventricles. The gut microbiota represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms that can influence the health of the host, including the development of neurological disorders like Alzheimer’s disease (AD). However, the intricate mechanisms governing the interplay between the gut and brain remain elusive, and the means by which gut‐derived signals traverse the CNS barriers remain unclear.

Methods

Microbiota was removed via antibiotics treatment or using germfree mice. AppNL‐G‐F mice were used as mouse model for AD. Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and total microbiota‐derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) were purified using size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and density gradient, followed by quality control. Bacterial‐derived metabolites and EVs were administered to mice via oral gavage. Brain barrier tightness was analyzed using FITC‐dextran leakage, tight junction visualisation and immune cell infiltration in the brain. AD pathology was determined via Aβ plaque load (ELISA & plaque immunostainings) and cognitive behavioural tests. Neuroinflammation was determined via analysis of glial activation, qPCR, cytokine analysis and immune cell infiltration into the brain.

Result

Our research uncovers the essential role of gut microbiota in the formation and maintenance of tight CNS barriers. Notably, certain metabolites reinforce CNS barrier integrity, irrespective of vagal nerve influence, safeguarding against AD‐related deterioration of brain integrity. Additionally, specific pathogens like H. pylori generate EVs, so called outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) that trigger brain inflammation, accelerating AD‐associated neuropathological processes, depending on complement 3 (C3) signaling. Interestingly, utilizing germ‐free AppNL‐G‐F mice, we observed that also oral administration of gut microbiota‐derived bacterial EVs (bEVs) exacerbate Aβ pathology and disrupt astrocyte‐microglia‐neuron networks.

Conclusion

In summary, the influence of bacteria‐derived metabolites and EVs on brain barriers and AD pathogenesis underscores the significance of unraveling these mechanisms. Such understanding offers fresh insights, potentially guiding the development of innovative therapeutic strategies for neurological disorders.
Characterization of Language Profiles in Cognitively‐Defined Subgroups of Alzheimer’s Disease
Authors: Gallée Jeanne , Gibbons Laura E. , Mukherjee Shubhabrata , Scollard Phoebe , Choi Seo‐Eun , James Bryan D , Klinedinst Brandon S , Lee Michael L. , Mez Jesse , Trittschuh Emily H. , Saykin Andrew J. , Crane Paul K.
Published: January 2025

Background

The relationship between Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathology and the associated clinical syndrome a patient presents with remains indeterminate. Cognitively‐defined subgroups of AD have revealed distinctions based on relative cognitive impairments, including AD‐Language, where challenges in language are substantial, and AD‐No Domain, where no relative asymmetries across cognitive domains occur. Pathological features of AD have been associated as the primary neuropathology of the logopenic variant of primary progressive aphasia (lvPPA). Hallmark clinical features of lvPPA include relatively spared comprehension in the face of decline in naming and repetition abilities. This work aimed to test the hypothesis that the lvPPA language profile was overrepresented in AD‐Language when compared to AD‐No Domain.

Method

Measures of verbal comprehension, confrontation naming, and phrase‐level repetition were obtained from all participants from the Religious Orders Study (ROS), the RUSH Memory and Aging Project (MAP) and the Minority Aging Research Study (MARS) using confirmatory factor analyses. We subsetted the data to include participants belonging to the AD‐Language and AD‐No Domain groups at their initial AD diagnosis visit. We compared patterns of language profiles based on strengths and weaknesses in comprehension, naming, and repetition. Pearson’s Chi‐squared tests with Yates continuity correction was used to test if the language patterns were statistically different between the two AD subgroups.

Results

We analyzed language performance in 642 participants across AD‐Language (31.8%) and AD‐No Domain (68.2%) groups (Table 1). Thresholds were based on AD‐No Domain and set as the median for each subdomain (comprehension = ‐.101, naming = ‐.957, repetition = .233) to establish whether a score represented a relative strength or weakness in the language profile. Eight patterns of language profiles based on strengths and weaknesses in comprehension, naming, and repetition were formed (Figure 1). The distribution of language patterns differed significantly between AD‐Language and AD‐No Domain (χ2 = 97.6, p <.001). Furthermore, the lvPPA pattern was found more frequently in AD‐Language (χ2 = 28.1, p <.001).

Conclusion

Heterogeneity within the AD‐Language spectrum includes a significant proportion that is consistent with the language profile of lvPPA. Relative performance in domains of verbal comprehension, confrontation naming, and phrase‐level repetition varied by AD subgroup.
Beta‐amyloid is the most promising target for Alzheimer’s disease treatment
Authors: Solomon Beka
Published: January 2025

Background

Amyloid filaments formation is a complex kinetic and thermodynamic process. The dependence of peptide polymerization on peptide–peptide interactions to form a β‐pleated sheet fibrils and the stimulatory influence of other proteins on the reaction suggest that amyloid formation may be subject to modulation

Method

In vitro formation of β‐amyloid was induced by incubation of an aqueous solution of AβP (10 mg/ml) for 7 days at 37°C. The extent of β‐amyloid formation and disaggregation were monitored using a panel of well characterized mAbs raised against soluble AβP fragments. The aggregation of Aβ was measured by the ThT binding assay, in which the fluorescence intensity reflects the degree of β‐amyloid fibrillar aggregation.

Result

The epitopes of the anti ‐aggregated antibodies were localized employing a library of filamentous phage displaying random combinatorial hexapeptides. Among 44 phages, the consensus sequence EFRH was carried by 40 clones. The EFRH (3‐6) of AβP located at the N‐terminal is exposed for antibody binding in both forms, either in solution or an aggregate, suggesting that he is involved in the aggregation process and acts as a regulatory site controlling both the prevention and the disaggregation process.

Conclusion

Our pioneering data were recently confirmed by successful Aducanumab (3‐7) and Lecanemab (1‐16) antibodies that recognize the N terminus of Aβ and selectivity bind to aggregated Aβ species. Naturally occurring anti‐AβP antibodies have been found in human CSF and in the plasma of healthy individuals, from where Aducanumab was derived, but were significantly lower in Alzheimer’s disease patients.
Genome‐wide association meta‐analyses in Chinese and European individuals yield new insights into the etiology of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Ge Yi‐Jun , Chen Shi‐Dong , Wu Bang‐Sheng , Zhang Ya‐Ru , Wang Jun , Yu He Xiao‐ , Zhao Qianhua , Wang Yan‐Jiang , Jia Jian‐Ping , Yu Jin‐Tai
Published: January 2025

Background

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a devastating neurological disease with complex genetic etiology, yet most known loci were only identified from the late‐onset type of European ancestry.

Method

We performed a two‐stage genome‐wide association study (GWAS) of AD totaling 6,878 Chinese and 487,511 European individuals.

Result

We demonstrated a shared genetic architecture between early‐ and late‐onset AD. In addition to the APOE locus, our GWAS of two independent Chinese samples uncovered three novel AD susceptibility loci (KIAA2013, SLC52A3, and TCN2) and a novel ancestry‐specific variant within EGFR (rs1815157). Notably, the TCN2 locus showed genome‐wide significant associations with AD in both discovery and replication stages in Chinese populations. More replicated variants were observed in the Chinese (31%) than European samples (4%). Combining genome‐wide associations and functional annotations, EGFR and TCN2 were prioritized as two of the most biologically significant genes. Phenome‐wide Mendelian randomization suggests that high mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration might be protective against AD.

Conclusion

The current study reveals novel AD susceptibility loci, emphasizes the importance of diverse populations in AD genetic research, and advances our understanding of disease etiology.
Reactive oxygen species from mitochondrial complex III are induced by NCLX to promote astrocytic STAT3‐linked transcription and dementia‐related pathology
Authors: Barnett Daniel , Zimmer Till S , Booraem Caroline , Palaguachi Fernando , Meadows Samantha M. , Xiao Haopeng , Chouchani Edward T , Orr Anna G. , Orr Adam L
Published: January 2025

Background

Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mROS), such as superoxide and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), are implicated in aging‐associated neurological disorders, including Alzheimer’s Disease and frontotemporal dementia. Mitochondrial complex III of the respiratory chain has the highest capacity for mROS production and generates mROS toward the cytosol, poising it to regulate intracellular signaling and disease mechanisms. However, the exact triggers of complex III‐derived ROS (CIII‐ROS), its downstream molecular targets, and its functional roles in dementia‐related pathogenesis remain unclear.

Method

Here, we investigated the drivers and consequences of CIII‐ROS production in primary mouse astrocytes and mouse models of dementia‐linked proteinopathy using site‐selective mROS suppressors and genetic approaches together with live‐cell imaging of sub‐compartmental H2O2 dynamics, stoichiometric redox proteomics, and transcriptomics.

Result

We found that specific disease‐related factors transiently increase astrocytic CIII‐ROS levels, and this effect is dependent on a mitochondrial sodium‐calcium exchanger. CIII‐ROS oxidized specific cysteines on astrocytic proteins associated with disease, amplified STAT3 phosphorylation and nuclear translocation, and promoted gene expression changes linked to STAT3 and related neuroimmune pathways. Inhibition of other sites of ROS production, including mitochondrial complex I and NADPH oxidase, had no effects on mROS responses or STAT3 signaling, demonstrating the specificity of CIII‐ROS induction and its context‐dependent modulation of STAT3 activities. Blockade of CIII‐ROS in transgenic mouse models of dementia with a site‐selective and brain‐penetrant suppressor reduced astrocytic alterations, neuropathology, and premature mortality.

Conclusion

Our data suggest that dementia‐associated factors induce site‐specific mROS production and that CIII‐ROS promote precise post‐translational redox modifications and amplify STAT3‐linked signaling and changes in gene expression. Together, our findings reveal CIII‐ROS as an important node of mitochondrial‐nuclear communication in pathogenic conditions, whereby mROS transients are converted into long‐lasting changes in gene transcription and cell function. CIII‐ROS and redox signaling offer new therapeutic opportunities for aging‐associated neurological disorders.
Pyramidal neurons of CA1 neuron in organotypic slice
Authors: Roy Avishek , Deforges Severine , Mulle Christophe
Published: January 2025

This is a maximal intensity projection of CA1 pyramidal cell transfected with plasmid with the reporter GFP using single cell electroporation technique. In this particular case the organotypic slices were prepared from p5‐7 pups in a tissue chopper (McIlwain). And maintained in MEM bases media with added glutamax with a change in 2 alternative dyas at 37°C and 5% CO2 for 4 days in‐vitro (DIV) before electroporating with a glass pipette of 7‐10mΩ resistance by applying 4 square pulses of ‐ve voltage of −2.5 V, for 25 ms duration at 1 Hz frequency. Then maintained in the same medium for one four more days before fixing them in PFA(4‰ v/v) and amplified with anti‐GFP antibody (ab290, 1:1000 dil) and imaged in SP2 confocal microscope (Leica) for z‐stack.