bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STAFF TURNOVER IN HOTEL INDUSTRY IN THE STATE OF GUANAJUATO, MEXICO
Authors: Caldera González Diana Del Consuelo , Arredondo Hidalgo María Guadalupe , Zárate Negrete Laura Elena
Published: May 2020

Objetivo: Identificar las principales causas de rotación de personal en la industria hotelera en el estado de Guanajuato, México. Método: La investigación es cualitativa con alcance descriptivo y diseño no experimental. Se aplicaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a 67 encargados de personal de hoteles en Guanajuato capital. Relevancia: En México la actividad turística es considerada un motor para el desarrollo económico por su gran aportación al Producto Interno Bruto. Esta actividad se caracteriza por el alto empleo de recursos humanos que intervienen en el proceso de prestación de servicios, sin embargo, en los últimos años se ha observado un alto nivel de rotación de personal en esta industria, por lo cual estudiar las causas de este fenómeno resulta relevante. Resultados: Las principales causas de rotación de personal en la industria hotelera en el estado de Guanajuato México son: a) el sistema de compensaciones; b) el reclutamiento y selección de personal; y c) la desmotivación de los empleados. Contribuciones: Además del diagnóstico, se diseñaron algunas estrategias de bajo costo para atacar cada uno de los factores detonadores de la rotación de personal en esta industria.
RIGHTS OF THE PRESIDENT OF THE OFFICE OF RAIL TRANSPORT REGARDING THE SUPERVISION OVER MAINTAINING THE ADMINISTRATOR’S INDEPENDENCE IN THE LIGHT OF THE DRAFT OF AMENDMENT TO THE LAW ON RAIL TRANSPORT (UC139)
Authors: Małecka Elżbieta
Published: May 2020

The goal of this paper is to analyse the prepared rights regarding supervision over maintaining of the administrator’s independence vested in the President of the Office of Rail Transport (UTK) in the light of the draft of amendment to the Law on railway transport. The regulations of the Law of 28th March 2003 on rail transport (consolidated text, Journal of Laws 2019, item 710) set the following tasks for the President of the Office of Rail Transport: supervision over fair and non-discriminating treatment of all applicants by administrators in relation to the access to the rail infrastructure and supervision over fair and non-discriminating treatment of all railway carriers in relation to the access to the service infrastructure objects by operators of service infrastructure objects. Currently, a draft of the Law on amending the Law on railway transport and the Law on commercialisation and restructuring of the state company “Polish National Railways” (UC 139) is proceeded, which extends the catalogue of tasks and competences of the President of the Office of Rail Transport.
THE RIGHTS OF THE ENTREPRENEUR UNDER AUDIT TO USE PROTECTION MEASURES BEFORE AN ADMINISTRATIVE COURT
Authors: Śladkowska Ewa
Published: May 2020

The article presents the institution of appeal which is a special means of legal protection vested in the entrepreneur during the control of economic activity conducted against him. This measure was introduced into the Polish legal order on 7 March 2009. It enables the entrepreneur to appeal to a higher authority specifically indicated in the legal provisions of individual actions taken and performed by the inspection authority during the inspection. This extremely important legal regulation guaranteeing the protection of entrepreneurs’ rights is extremely complicated and gives rise to serious legal discussions in the literature and jurisprudence of administrative courts, it has also been analyzed by the Constitutional Tribunal. The article presents the main elements of the institution, focusing on legal remedies that an entrepreneur can use before an administrative court. These include a complaint about the decision upholding the decision of the first instance authority on continuing the inspection activities and a complaint about the protracted conduct of the inspection.
Wybrane bazodanowe zbiory informacji z zakresu biomechaniki, fizjologii i psychologii
Authors: Sygocki Witold , Baka Łukasz , Bugajska Joanna , Biernacki Andrzej
Published: May 2020

Deponowanie wyników badań naukowych – zarówno opracowanych, jak też tzw. surowych danych – odbywa się pod wieloma postaciami, poprzez zamieszczanie w repozytoriach danych badawczych, umieszczanie wyników w publikacjach, które są następnie indeksowane na platformach czasopism, w bazach bibliograficzno-abstraktowych. Niektóre czasopisma funkcjonujące w obiegu międzynarodowym wymagają od autorów dołączania do artykułów także zbiorów z danymi, bądź zdeponowania ich w jednym z ogólnodostępnych repozytoriów danych badawczych. W artykule zaprezentowano wybrane bazy danych, dostarczających informacji o wynikach badań m.in. z zakresu biomechaniki, fizjologii, psychologii.
GLOSS TO THE JUDGMENT OF THE PROVINCIAL ADMINISTRATIVE COURT IN SZCZECIN OF 22 AUGUST 2019, FILE REF. NO.: II SA / SZ 597/191(CRITICAL GLOSS)
Authors: Majewski Kamil
Published: May 2020

This gloss is critical and addresses the issue of establishing local legal acts by a municipality limiting access for disabled persons in wheelchairs to public transport and questioning the solutions adopted by the supervisory body - the Voivode. As a result of the analysis, the Author finds several violations by both the municipal body, the Voivode and, above all, the administrative court. Individual violations can be attributed a significantly different importance. The author proves that the solutions (restrictions) adopted by the municipality are unjustified and may lead to social exclusion of some disabled people.
Microstructure and electrochemical
properties of the vanadium alloys
after low-temperature nitrogen plasma
treatment
Authors: Duriagina Z.A. , Ryzhak D.D. , Kulyk V.V. , Tepla T.L. , Lemishka I.A. , Bohun L.I.
Published: May 2020

Purpose: The proposed research aims to determine the expediency of surface treatment
of vanadium alloys of V-Cr and V-Ti systems due to irradiation of their surfaces with low-
temperature nitrogen plasma using plasma torch NO-01.
Design/methodology/approach: The investigation of microstructure and X-ray
fluorescence analysis (XRF) of the samples were performed using an electron microscope
TESCAN Vega3. The microhardness (Vickers hardness) of the samples was measured
before and after surface treatment. The study of corrosive properties of the surface layers
was performed by an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) method. Corrosion
damages were identified using impedance dependences.
Findings: The microstructure of the surface layers of the V-8Ti, V-15Cr, and V-35Cr alloys in
the initial state and after plasma treatment have been investigated. The chemical composition
of the surface layers is determined and comparative measurements of the microhardness
of these alloys are carried out. Corrosion-electrochemical properties (corrosion potentials,
electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and constructed potential-dynamic polarization
curves) of investigated alloys after treatment with nitrogen plasma are evaluated.
Research limitations/implications: The results obtained using laboratory samples
should be checked at the conditions of power equipment operation.
Practical implications: This treatment has advantages over other methods of surface
engineering since it provides strong surface plastic deformation and the possibility of
formation of secondary phases resulting in increases in surface hardness and corrosion
resistance.
Originality/value: Vanadium alloys have significant advantages over other structural
materials due to their high thermal conductivity and swelling resistance, high strength and
plasticity up to temperatures of 700-800°C, and good weldability.
Iracema: a Python library for audio content analysis
Authors: Magalhaes Tairone , Barros Felippe , Loureiro Maurício
Published: May 2020

This paper introduces the alpha version of a Python library called Iracema, which aims to provide models for the extraction of meaningful information from recordings of monophonic pieces of music, for purposes of research in music performance. With this objective in mind, we propose an architecture that will provide to users an abstraction level that simplifies the manipulation of different kinds of time series, as well as the extraction of segments from them. In this paper we: (1) introduce some key concepts at the core of the proposed architecture; (2) list the current functionalities of the package; (3) give some examples of the application programming interface; and (4) give some brief examples of audio analysis using the system.
Composing through Interaction: a framework for collaborative music composition based on human interaction on public spaces
Authors: Amazonas Mauro , Castro Thais , De Freitas Rosiane , Gadelha Bruno
Published: May 2020

Urban public art is a kind of art that is produced and demonstrated in public places, based on the function and connotation of the city itself exerts. As an essential artistic content in the contact of human life, the introduction of technology is a significant trend in public art, and with it, the interaction has become an increasingly relevant aspect of public art in the digital context. In this way, this work presents an environment for creating random collaborative music from interaction in public spaces using mobile technology. The result is a composition that goes towards to John Cage’s methods. However, in our case, all participants are composers and their interactions with space work as the component that brings randomness to composition. A case study was conducted with volunteer students divided into groups. Participants made use of two versions of Compomus - an app developed for immersive interaction with sound. One version encourages movement through the environment, while the other explores the spatiality of sound in a simulated public environment within the university. The interaction of the participants generated ten compositions, five from the first version and five compositions from the second version of the developed application. The sounds resulting from the interaction were made available to the public through a website.
TumTá and Pisada: Two Foot-controlled Digital Dance and Music Instruments Inspired by Popular Brazillian Traditions
Authors: Tragtenberg João , Calegario Filipe , Cabral Giordano , Ramalho Geber
Published: May 2020

This paper presents the development process of “TumTá”, a wearable Digital Dance and Music Instrument that triggers sound samples from foot stomps and “Pisada,” a dance-enabled MIDI pedalboard. It was developed between 2012 and 2017 for the use of Helder Vasconcelos, a dancer and musician formed by the traditions of Cavalo Marinho and Maracatu Rural from Pernambuco. The design of this instrument was inspired by traditional instruments like the Zabumba and by the gestural vocabulary from Cavalo Marinho, to make music and dance at the same time. The development process of this instrument is described in the three prototyping phases conducted by three approaches: building blocks, artisanal, and digital fabrication. The process of designing digital technology inspired by Brazilian traditions is analyzed, lessons learned, and future works are presented.
Cognitive Offloading: Can ubimus technologies affect our musicality?
Authors: Costalonga Leandro , Pimenta Marcelo
Published: May 2020

An interaction design that lean towards musical traits based on and constrained by our cognitive and biological system could, not only provide a better user experience, but also minimize collateral effects of excessive use of such technology to make music. This paper presents and discuss innate abilities involved in musical activities that - in the authors´ viewpoint - could be considered in design guidelines to computer music technologies, especially those related to ubimus.
Predicting Music Popularity on Streaming Platforms
Authors: Araujo Carlos Soares , Cristo Marco , Giusti Rafael
Published: May 2020

Online streaming platforms have become one of the most important forms of music consumption. Most streaming platforms provide tools to assess the popularity of a song in the forms of scores and rankings. In this paper, we address two issues related to song popularity. First, we predict whether an already popular song may attract higher-than-average public interest and become “viral”. Second, we predict whether sudden spikes in public interest will translate into long-term popularity growth. We base our findings in data from the streaming platform Spotify and consider appearances in its “Most-Popular” list as indicative of popularity, and appearances in its “Virals” list as indicative of interest growth. We approach the problem as a classification task and employ a Support Vector Machine model built on popularity information to predict interest, and vice versa. We also verify if acoustic information can provide useful features for both tasks. Our results show that the popularity information alone is sufficient to predict future interest growth, achieving a F1-score above 90% at predicting whether a song will be featured in the “Virals” list after being observed in the “Most-Popular”.
NESCoM Research Report (2019)
Authors: Costalonga Leandro , Coura Daniel , Das Neves Marcus Vinícius , Costa Fabiano , Rocha Helder
Published: May 2020

The NESCoM is a multidisciplinary research center formed by musicians, engineers and computer scientists. The main research interest lies with sonology, audiotacticle musical analysis, ubiquitous music, interactive multimedia installations, and the design of computer music technology in general. Overall, the common ground for the NESCoM projects lies with the human-aspects, both cognitive and motor, behind a musical activity. This can come, for instance, in the shape of an audiotactile analysis of musical interaction applied to a new digital musical interface designed to overcome human physical constraints or the composition of a cinema soundtrack based on perceptual models of the audience. In this paper, it is reported a short description of the ongoing projects of the NESCoM and the future works.
Computer Music research at FEEC/Unicamp: a snapshot of 2019
Authors: Tavares Tiago , Masiero Bruno
Published: May 2020

This is a lab report paper about the state of affairs in the computer music research group at the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering of the University of Campinas (FEEC/Unicamp). This report discusses the people involved in the group, the efforts in teaching and the current research work performed. Last, it provides some discussions on the lessons learned from the past few years and some pointers for future work.
A retrospective of the research on musical expression conducted at CEGeME
Authors: Loureiro Maurício , Magalhaes Tairone , Mota Davi , Campolina Thiago , Oliveira Aluizio
Published: May 2020

CEGeME - Center for Research on Musical Gesture and Expression is affiliated to the Graduate Program in Music of the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), hosted by the School of Music, Belo Horizonte, Brazil, since 2008. Focused on the empirical investigation of music performance, research at CEGeME departs from musical content information extracted from audio signals and three-dimensional spatial position of musicians, recorded during a music performance. Our laboratories are properly equipped for the acquisition of such data. Aiming at establishing a musicological approach to different aspects of musical expressiveness, we investigate causal relations between the expressive intention of musicians and the way they manipulate the acoustic material and how they move while playing a piece of music. The methodology seeks support on knowledge such as computational modeling, statistical analysis, and digital signal processing, which adds to traditional musicology skills. The group has attracted study postulants from different specialties, such as Computer Science, Engineering, Physics, Phonoaudiology and Music Therapy, as well as collaborations from professional musicians instigated by specific inquiries on the performance on their instruments. This paper presents a brief retrospective of the different research projects conducted at CEGeME.
Automatic onset detection using convolutional neural networks
Authors: Cornelissen Willy , Loureiro Maurício
Published: May 2020

A very significant task for music research is to estimate instants when meaningful events begin (onset) and when they end (offset). Onset detection is widely applied in many fields: electrocardiograms, seismographic data, stock market results and many Music Information Research(MIR) tasks, such as Automatic Music Transcription, Rhythm Detection, Speech Recognition, etc. Automatic Onset Detection(AOD) received, recently, a huge contribution coming from Artificial Intelligence (AI) methods, mainly Machine Learning and Deep Learning. In this work, the use of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) is explored by adapting its original architecture in order to apply the approach to automatic onset detection on audio musical signals. We used a CNN network for onset detection on a very general dataset, well acknowledged by the MIR community, and examined the accuracy of the method by comparison to ground truth data published by the dataset. The results are promising and outperform another methods of musical onset detection.
Instrumental Sensibility of Vocal Detector Based on Spectral Features
Authors: Moura Shayenne , Queiroz Marcelo
Published: May 2020

Detecting voice in a mixture of sound sources remains a challenging task in MIR research. The musical content can be perceived in many different ways as instrumentation varies. We evaluate how instrumentation affects singing voice detection in pieces using a standard spectral feature (MFCC). We trained Random Forest models with song remixes for specific subsets of sound sources, and compare it to models trained with the original songs. We thus present a preliminary analysis of the classification accuracy results.
Procedural Music in Games
Authors: Ayres José Eduardo , Arthur Pedro , Rolla Vitor , Velho Luiz
Published: May 2020

This workshop will bring to the audience an introduction to the Chuck audio programming language, to the Unity game engine within a hands-on experience how one can use such technologies to achieve a new level of immersion through procedural generated sounds responding to game events and visual effects. The workshop is intended to a broad audience ranging from programmers to ones with little to no knowledge in the field.
Hilfe als Ware auf digitalen Marktplätzen? Überlegungen zu einer realistischen Utopie zwischen Coopetition und Commons
Authors: Geyer Christian
Published: May 2020

Die Digitalökonomie erfasst zunehmend auch soziale Dienstleistungen, die im Kern zwar nicht verrechenbare zwischenmenschliche Interaktionen darstellen, jedoch angebahnt, vermittelt und administriert werden müssen. Eine Plattformisierung der sachbezogenen Bestandteile von professioneller Hilfe führt zu kommerziellen Gatekeepern und verstärkt eine Semi-Ökonomisierung des Sozialen. Der Beitrag sucht im Anschluss an eine politische Ökonomie nach einer gemeinwohlorientierten Lösung, die als coopetitiver Daten-Common im Sinne der Open-Data-Bewegung skizziert wird.
Why Do Firms Exist? Eine theorieintegrative Konzeption ihrer Erstursachen
Authors: Meisinger Norman
Published: May 2020

Erklärungsansätze für die Existenz der ›firm-like Organization‹ werden nicht selten monokausal ausgeführt. Entweder ist der Sachverhalt zu komplex, um ihn mit einer Argumentationsfigur zusammenhängend - und seiner Vielseitigkeit angemessen - einzukreisen oder es fehlte bislang ein adäquates Modell, es systematisch tun zu können. Unter Rückgriff auf die Ursachenlehre nach Aristoteles nähert sich der vorliegende Artikel dieser Lücke theorieintegrativ. Mit den vier Erstursachen, der causa materialis (den Bestandteilen, hier in sozioökonomischer Lesart), der causa formalis (der Form), der causa finalis (dem eigentlichen Zweck einer Sache) und der causa efficiens (dem in Gang Setzenden) werden unternehmenstheoretische Erkenntnisse jahrzehntelanger Management- und Organisationsforschung in eine konsistente Argumentationsfigur überführt. Schließlich wird die neu entwickelte unternehmenstheoretische Konzeption auf ihre Kompatibilität zu gegenwärtigen betriebspraktischen Entwicklungstendenzen überprüft - konkret der zunehmenden Maschinisierung der Arbeitswelt.
Pauschalierter Kartellschadensersatz in Einkaufs- und Lieferbedingungen als Alternative zur Schadensschätzung
Authors: Sirakova Kristina
Published: May 2020

Angesichts der Unsicherheiten, mit denen die Schadensschätzung im Kartellschadensersatzverfahren verbunden ist, entscheiden sich Vertragsparteien immer häufiger für eine vertragsrechtliche Alternative – die Pauschalierung von Kartellschäden in Allgemeinen Geschäftsbedingungen. Das Werk untersucht die Möglichkeiten der Schadenspauschalierung und gibt praktische Empfehlungen für die Gestaltung von Lieferverträgen. Den Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet die Wirksamkeit der Schadenspauschalierungsklausel. Zunächst wird der Prüfungsmaßstab festgelegt. Dabei wird die strenge Inhaltskontrolle von AGB-Klauseln in B2B-Verträgen kritisch beleuchtet. Besonderes Augenmerk wird auf den Anwendungsbereich der Klausel sowie auf die Höhe der Schadenspauschale gelegt. Schließlich wird die Rolle der Klausel im Rahmen von internationalen Verträgen untersucht. Ihr kann eine entscheidende Bedeutung bei der Auslegung von allgemein formulierten Gerichtsstands- und Schiedsvereinbarungen zukommen.
Open Government und Verwaltungsreform
Authors: Wewer Göttrik
Published: May 2020

Open government is supposed to not only instigate a change in the culture of public authorities, but also lead to them providing citizens with better service. In this respect, greater transparency in government and administration is not an end in itself but a means of achieving higher goals, such as general well-being, heightened trust in the government and the revitalisation of democracy. This study investigates how this approach has been interpreted in Germany on a national, federal and municipal level to date and whether it is regarded as a way of modernising administrative processes. In order to receive more support, citizens, authorities’ staff members and also politicians in local councils and parliaments, who are supposed to make the necessary resources available, would each have to gain additional benefits from authorities deciding to become more transparent. So far it has been hard to detect such benefits.
Private Kartellrechtsdurchsetzung durch Voluntary Redress Schemes
Authors: Gotting Anna
Published: May 2020

Even after the 9th amendment of the German Antitrust Act, cartel damage claims push the conception of German civil and civil procedure law to its limits – especially when it comes to proving the cartel damage in court. The UK legislator has now introduced the concept of voluntary redress schemes under which cartel members voluntarily offer compensation to damaged parties. The cartel authority assesses the scheme and may reduce the penalty for the cartel infringement up to a maximum of 20% when approving the scheme. The book examines the questions of whether voluntary redress schemes could improve the system of private enforcement of cartel law, how voluntary redress schemes could be implemented into German law, and how public and private enforcement can be harmonised at this point.
Visible-Light Photocatalysis of Aldehyde and Carbonyl Functionalities, an Innovative Domain
Authors: Ramani Alwar , Waghmode Shobha , Iyer Suresh
Published: May 2020

The chemistry of aldehydes and resembling chromophores portraits a natural tendency to undergo chemical reactions through nucleophilic reagents, owing to the polarization arising from the electronegativity of oxygen atom, and they also can enolize as a result of the acidic nature of the α-hydrogen of the carbonyl functional group; thereby the C▬C bond forming reactions can be attained either intra- or intermolecularly. Carbonyl addition reactions, enolate chemistry coupled with their capability to undergo [2+2] cycloaddition reactions, and the chemistry of carbonyl compounds are being mind-numbingly exploited in the design and process development of industrially, commercially, pharmacologically, and biologically value-added compounds. Ultimately abundant name reactions were registered, and many novel reactions endlessly appear; of late, prodigious development has been reported under the heading of visible-light photocatalysis (VLPC). Fascinatingly, VLPC has opened a new domain in the synthetic organic chemistry, and this domain paves the way to access broad spectrum of organic compounds with the ease of operations. In this chapter the chemistry of carbonyls by VPLC is briefly presented, which is comprising of not only functional group transformations but also asymmetric syntheses of complex organic compounds.
Integrative taxonomy of the genus Dyscolus (Coleoptera, Carabidae, Platynini) in Ecuadorian Andes
Authors: Moret Pierre , Murienne Jérôme
Published: May 2020

The genus Dyscolus Dejean, 1831 is a highly speciose taxon of neotropical Carabidae and the major component of high-altitude ground beetle communities in the tropical Andes. The aim of this study is threefold: (i) refine the taxonomic position of the equatorial members of Dyscolus using molecular data, (ii) provide a delimitation of the species found in Ecuador in páramo and montane forest environments based on a robust combination of molecular and morphological data, (iii) describe the new species and take the nomenclatural decisions made necessary by the results of this study. The seclusion of Dyscolus from more basal platynine clades including Platynus, Batenus and Glyptolenus, is supported by a phylogenetic analysis of the COI marker. Twenty-five new species of Dyscolus, most of them microendemic, are described and illustrated: D. aquator Moret sp. nov. (Tandayapa, Pichincha), D. arauzae Moret sp. nov. (Mt Cayambe, Pichincha), D. arborarius Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja), D. barragani Moret sp. nov. (Mt Ayapungu, Chimborazo), D. crespoae Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Zamora-Chinchipe), D. danglesi Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja), D. donosoi Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Zamora-Chinchipe), D. eleonorae Moret sp. nov. (Cotopaxi and Pichincha provinces), D. famelicus Moret sp. nov. (Papallacta, Napo), D. giselae Moret sp. nov. (Reserva Otonga, Cotopaxi), D. globoculus Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Zamora-Chinchipe), D. gobbii Moret sp. nov. (Guamaní and Mt Antisana, Pichincha), D. incommunis Moret sp. nov. (Tandayapa, Pichincha), D. marini Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Loja), D. piscator Moret sp. nov. (Guamaní, Napo), D. placitus Moret sp. nov. (Guamaní, Napo), D. ravidus Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Loja), D. rivinus Moret sp. nov. (Reserva Otonga, Cotopaxi), D. rugitarsis Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja), D. ruizi Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Loja and Zamora), D. salazarae Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Podocarpus, Loja), D. silvestris Moret sp. nov. (Papallacta, Napo), D. sulcipedis Moret sp. nov. (Parque Nacional Yacuri, Loja), D. verecundior Moret sp. nov. (Mt Illiniza and Mt Corazón, Pichincha) and D. verecundissimus Moret sp. nov. (Mt Chimborazo, Chimborazo). Dyscolus palatus Moret, 1998 is newly synonymized with D. denigratus (Bates, 1891). We demonstrate the subgenus Hydrodyscolus Moret, 1996 to be polyphyletic and therefore consider it a junior synonym of Dyscolus Dejean, 1831.
Os graus de ambiguidade e conflito de uma política educacional na perspectiva dos agentes de linha de frente: o caso do Saerj
Authors: Mota Diego , Mota Maria Océlia
Published: May 2020

Neste texto aborda-se a política de avaliação de desempenho das escolas do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, levada a efeito no âmbito do Sistema de Avaliação da Educação do Estado do Rio de Janeiro - Saerj - no período de 2008 a 2016, com o objetivo de conhecer o processo de implantação segundo os professores. Para isso analisou-se o sistema de avaliação utilizado pela Secretaria de Educação sob a perspectiva das agências burocráticas e do modelo analítico de Matland (1995). Os resultados indicam que o grau de conflito relacionado aos instrumentos de ação colaboraram significativamente para que sua implantação se aproximasse de uma perspectiva política. Os meios de regulação da política tiveram efeitos indutores negativos, de acordo com os agentes envolvidos. Essa condição foi uma das reivindicações manifestas na pauta da greve dos professores em 2016, contribuindo para a descontinuidade da política educacional.Palavras-chave: políticas educacionais; avaliação em larga escala; avaliação da educação.
The EU approach to security provision in the Western Balkans and Horn of Africa
Authors: Rodt Annemarie Peen , Tvilling Johannes , Zaartsdahl Peter Horne , Habbida Nabila , Gillette Erin , Simons Savannah , Abdi Khadir , Berglund Jenny , Fernandez Arguedas Virginia , Stojanovic Gajić Sonja , Ignjatijević Marija
Published: May 2020

This article appraises the EU’s approach to preventing further insecurity in the Western Balkans and the Horn of Africa. The purpose of this endeavour is to determine whether EU efforts meet needs on the ground as well as in Brussels. The article identifies similar sources albeit different degrees of instability across the two regions. It reviews EU strategies and CSDP missions deployed in response and evaluates the effectiveness of two such missions: EULEX Kosovo and EUCAP Nestor/Somalia. The study does not find failures as such in the strategies developed or missions deployed, but it does conclude that while relatively effective from a EU perspective this approach is less effective in providing security on the ground.
As lentes da psicologia na tarefa da teologia prática: hermenêutica psicológica na leitura dos textos sagrados e práticas eclesiais
Authors: Guanaes Daniel
Published: May 2020

Este artigo se propõe a discorrer sobre uma das muitas interfaces existentes na importante relação entre psicologia e teologia: o lugar de uma hermenêutica psicológica na leitura dos textos sagrados e práticas eclesiais de comunidades de fé cristãs. A esfera da teologia prática, uma das subdivisões da teologia enquanto ciência, tem sido um dos solos sobre os quais a interface supramencionada se torna possível. Pesquisas qualitativas em comunidades de fé e suas relações com os textos sagrados têm se beneficiado do uso de hermenêuticas diversas, incluindo a hermenêutica psicológica. Este artigo se propõe a apresentar ao leitor o lastro da antiga relação entre estas ciências, bem como os seus benefícios para as investigações teológicas.
Knowing Machines
Authors: MacKenzie Donald
Published: May 2020

Ranging from broad inquiries into the roles of economics and sociology in the explanation of technological change to an argument for the possibility of "uninventing" nuclear weapons, this selection of Donald MacKenzie's essays provides a solid introduction to the style and the substance of the sociology of technology.

The essays are tied together by their explorations of connections (primarily among technology, society, and knowledge) and by their general focus on modern "high" technology. They also share an emphasis on the complexity of technological formation and fixation and on the role of belief (especially self-validating belief) in technological change.

Two of the articles won major prizes on their original journal publication, and all but one date from 1991 or later. A substantial new introduction outlines the common themes underlying this body of work and places it in the context of recent debates in technology studies. Two conceptual essays are followed by seven empirical essays focusing on the laser gyroscopes that are central to modern aircraft navigation technology, supercomputers (with a particular emphasis on their use in the design of nuclear weapons), the application of mathematical proof in the design of computer systems, computer-related accidental deaths, and the nature of the knowledge that is needed to design a nuclear bomb.
Participating in Explanatory Dialogues
Authors: Moore Johanna D.
Published: May 2020

While much has been written about the areas of text generation, text planning, discourse modeling, and user modeling, Johanna Moore's book is one of the first to tackle modeling the complex dynamics of explanatory dialogues. It describes an explanation-planning architecture that enables a computational system to participate in an interactive dialogue with its users, focusing on the knowledge structures that a system must build in order to elaborate or clarify prior utterances, or to answer follow-up questions in the context of an ongoing dialogue.

Moore develops a model of explanation generation and describes a fully implemented natural-language system that is embedded in an existing expert system and that includes a generation component. Her main thesis is that shallow approaches to explanation such as paraphrasing the expert system's line of reasoning or filling in an explanation "schema" are not adequate for supporting dialogue, and that a more flexible approach is needed, one that is adaptive to context, aware of what is being said, and of what has gone before in the user's dialogue with the expert system. She argues that the problem with prior approaches is that they do not provide a representation of the intended effects of the components of an explanation, nor how these intentions are related to one another or to the rhetorical structure of the text. She proposes a computational solution to the question of how explanations can be synthesized in such a way that a system can later reason about the explanations it has produced to affect its subsequent utterances.

ACL-MIT Series in Natural Language Processing
White Queen Psychology and Other Essays for Alice
Authors: Millikan Ruth Garrett
Published: May 2020

This collection of essays serves both as an introduction to Ruth Millikan's Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories and as an extension and application of Millikan's central and controversial themes, especially in the philosophy of psychology.

Ruth Millikan's extended argument for a biological view of the study of cognition in Language, Thought, and Other Biological Categories caught the attention of the philosophical community. Universally regarded as an important, even brilliant, work, its complexity and dense presentation made it difficult to plumb. This collection of essays serves both as an introduction to that much discussed volume and as an extension and application of Millikan's central and controversial themes, especially in the philosophy of psychology.

The title essay, referring to the White Queen's practice of exercising her mind by believing impossible things, discusses meaning rationalism and argues that rationality is not in the head, indeed, that there is no legitimate interpretation under which logical possibility and necessity are known a priori. Nor are there any laws of rational psychology. Rationality is not a lawful occurrence but a biological norm that is effected in an integrated head-world system under biologically ideal conditions.

In other essays, Millikan clarifies her views on the nature of mental representation, explores whether human thought is a product of natural selection, examines the nature of behavior as studied by the behavioral sciences, and discusses the issues of individualism in psychology, psychological explanation, indexicality in thought, what knowledge is, and the realism/antirealism debate.

Bradford Books imprint
Without Miracles
Authors: Cziko Gary A.
Published: May 2020

"The fish's streamlined shape reveals functional knowledge of the physical properties of water.... The deadly effectiveness of the cobra's venom shows useful knowledge of the physiology of its prey.... Indeed, knowledge itself may be broadly conceived as the fit of some aspect of an organism to some aspect of its environment, whether it be the fit of the butterfly's long siphon of a mouth to theflowers from which it feeds or the fit of the astrophysicist's theories to the structure of the universe.... But how did such remarkable instances of fit arise? How did the animate world obtain its impressive knowledge of its surroundings? And how do organismscontinue to acquire knowledge and thereby increase their fit during their lifetimes?"

In this sweeping account of the emergence of fit, Gary Cziko integrates numerous scientific disciplines within the perspective of a universal selection theory that attempts to account for all cases of fit involving living organisms, including those that might appear miraculous. Cziko's bold assertion is that all novel forms of adapted complexity—whether single-celled organisms or scientific theories—emerge from an evolutionary process involving cumulative blind variation and selection.

Without Miracles describes many remarkable examples of the fit of various structures, behaviors, and products of living organisms to their environments in a broad synthesis of humankind's attempt to understand the emergence of complex, adapted entities. These explanations range from the providential accounts of the early philosophers and "natural theologians," through instructionist theories of the type proposed by Lamarck, to an ongoing "second Darwinian revolution" in which natural and artificial selection are being applied to many fields of science to both explain the emergence of naturally occurring adapted complexity and to facilitate the design of useful products ranging from microbes to computer programs.

The evolution of explanations of fit from providential through instructionist to selectionist theories, Cziko argues, has occurred repeatedly in many different fields of knowledge along with a growing realization that the Darwinian mechanism of cumulative blind variation and selection is the only tenable nonmiraculous explanation for the emergence of any kind of functional complexity.

Cziko applies this provocative selectionist thesis to a stunning range of domains including biology, immunology, neuroscience, ethology, psychology, anthropology, philosophy, education, linguistics, and computer science. The result is an up-to-date, clearly summarized collection of selectionist arguments that shows how our knowledge of the emergence of fit has itself evolved and continues to do so.

Bradford Books imprint
Words, Thoughts, and Theories
Authors: Gopnik Alison , Meltzoff Andrew N.
Published: May 2020

Words, Thoughts, and Theories articulates and defends the "theory theory" of cognitive and semantic development, the idea that infants and young children, like scientists, learn about the world by forming and revising theories, a view of the origins of knowledge and meaning that has broad implications for cognitive science.

Gopnik and Meltzoff interweave philosophical arguments and empirical data from their own and other's research. Both the philosophy and the psychology, the arguments and the data, address the same fundamental epistemological question: How do we come to understand the world around us?

Recently, the theory theory has led to much interesting research. However, this is the first book to look at the theory in extensive detail and to systematically contrast it with other theories. It is also the first to apply the theory to infancy and early childhood, to use the theory to provide a framework for understanding semantic development, and to demonstrate that language acquisition influences theory change in children.The authors show that children just beginning to talk are engaged in profound restructurings of several domains of knowledge. These restructurings are similar to theory changes in science, and they influence children's early semantic development, since children's cognitive concerns shape and motivate their use of very early words. But, in addition, children pay attention to the language they hear around them and this too reshapes their cognition, and causes them to reorganize their theories.

Bradford Books imprint
Identification of novel, clinically correlated autoantigens in the monogenic autoimmune syndrome APS1 by proteome-wide PhIP-Seq
Authors: Vazquez Sara E , Ferré Elise MN , Scheel David W , Sunshine Sara , Miao Brenda , Mandel-Brehm Caleigh , Quandt Zoe , Chan Alice Y , Cheng Mickie , German Michael , Lionakis Michail , DeRisi Joseph L , Anderson Mark S
Published: May 2020

The identification of autoantigens remains a critical challenge for understanding and treating autoimmune diseases. Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1 (APS1), a rare monogenic form of autoimmunity, presents as widespread autoimmunity with T and B cell responses to multiple organs. Importantly, autoantibody discovery in APS1 can illuminate fundamental disease pathogenesis, and many of the antigens found in APS1 extend to more common autoimmune diseases. Here, we performed proteome-wide programmable phage-display (PhIP-Seq) on sera from a cohort of people with APS1 and discovered multiple common antibody targets. These novel APS1 autoantigens exhibit tissue-restricted expression, including expression in enteroendocrine cells, pineal gland, and dental enamel. Using detailed clinical phenotyping, we find novel associations between autoantibodies and organ-restricted autoimmunity, including a link between anti-KHDC3L autoantibodies and premature ovarian insufficiency, and between anti-RFX6 autoantibodies and diarrheal-type intestinal dysfunction. Our study highlights the utility of PhIP-Seq for extensively interrogating antigenic repertoires in human autoimmunity and the importance of antigen discovery for improved understanding of disease mechanisms.
The chemistry and histology of sexually dimorphic mental glands in the freshwater turtle,Mauremys leprosa
Authors: Ibáñez Alejandro , Martínez-Silvestre Albert , Podkowa Dagmara , Woźniakiewicz Aneta , Woźniakiewicz Michał , Pabijan Maciej
Published: May 2020

Despite evidence from anatomy, behavior and genomics indicating that the sense of smell in turtles is important, our understanding of chemical communication in this group is still rudimentary. Our aim was to describe the microanatomy of mental glands (MGs) in a freshwater turtle,Mauremys leprosa(Geoemydidae), and to assess the chemical composition of their secretions with respect to variation among individuals and between sexes. MGs are paired sac-like organs on the gular region of the neck and are dimorphic in this species with males having fully functional holocrine glands while those of females appear non-secretory and vestigial. In adult males, the glandular epithelium of the inner portion of the gland provides exocytotic products as well as cellular debris into the lumen of the gland. The contents of the lumen can be secreted through the narrow duct portion of the gland ending in an orifice on the surface of the skin. Females have invaginated structures similar in general outline to male glands, but lack a glandular epithelium. Using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry, we identified a total of 61 compounds in mental gland secretions, the most numerous being carboxylic acids, carbohydrates, alkanes, steroids and alcohols. The number of compounds per individual varied widely (mean (median) ± SD = 14.54 (13) ± 8.44; min = 3; max = 40), but only cholesterol was found in all samples. We found that the relative abundances of only six chemicals were different between the sexes, although males tended to have larger amounts of particular compounds. Although the lipid fraction of mental gland secretions is rich in chemical compounds, most occur in both sexes suggesting that they are metabolic byproducts with no role in chemical signaling. However, the relative amounts of some compounds tended to be higher in males, with significantly larger amounts of two carboxylic acids and one steroid, suggesting their putative involvement in chemical communication.
Spirometric traits show quantile-dependent heritability, which may contribute to their gene-environment interactions with smoking and pollution
Authors: Williams Paul T.
Published: May 2020

Background

“Quantile-dependent expressivity” refers to a genetic effect that is dependent upon whether the phenotype (e.g., spirometric data) is high or low relative to its population distribution. Forced vital capacity (FVC), forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and the FEV1/FVC ratio are moderately heritable spirometric traits. The aim of the analyses is to test whether their heritability (h2) is constant over all quantiles of their distribution.

Methods

Quantile regression was applied to the mean age, sex, height and smoking-adjusted spirometric data over multiple visits in 9,993 offspring-parent pairs and 1,930 sibships from the Framingham Heart Study to obtain robust estimates of offspring-parent (βOP), offspring-midparent (βOM), and full-sib regression slopes (βFS). Nonparametric significance levels were obtained from 1,000 bootstrap samples. βOPs were used as simple indicators of quantile-specific heritability (i.e., h2 = 2βOP/(1+rspouse), where rspouse was the correlation between spouses).

Results

βOP ± standard error (SE) decreased by 0.0009 ± 0.0003 (P = 0.003) with every one-percent increment in the population distribution of FEV1/FVC, i.e., βOP ± SE were: 0.182 ± 0.031, 0.152 ± 0.015; 0.136 ± 0.011; 0.121 ± 0.013; and 0.099 ± 0.013 at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of the FEV1/FVC distribution, respectively. These correspond to h2 ± SEs of 0.350 ± 0.060 at the 10th, 0.292 ± 0.029 at the 25th, 0.262 ± 0.020 at the 50th, 0.234 ± 0.025 at the 75th, and 0.191 ± 0.025 at the 90th percentiles of the FEV1/FVC ratio. Maximum mid-expiratory flow (MMEF) h2 ± SEs increased 0.0025 ± 0.0007 (P = 0.0004) with every one-percent increment in its distribution, i.e.: 0.467 ± 0.046, 0.467 ± 0.033, 0.554 ± 0.038, 0.615 ± 0.042, and 0.675 ± 0.060 at the 10th, 25th, 50th, 75th, and 90th percentiles of its distribution. This was due to forced expiratory flow at 75% of FVC (FEF75%), whose quantile-specific h2 increased an average of 0.0042 ± 0.0008 for every one-percent increment in its distribution. It is speculated that previously reported gene-environment interactions may be partially attributable to quantile-specific h2, i.e., greater heritability in individuals with lower FEV1/FVC due to smoking or airborne particles exposure vs. nonsmoking, unexposed individuals.

Conclusion

Heritabilities of FEV1/FVC, MMEF, and FEF75% from quantile-regression of offspring-parent and sibling spirometric data suggest their quantile-dependent expressivity.
Personalized analysis of breast cancer using sample-specific networks
Authors: Zhu Ke , Pian Cong , Xiang Qiong , Liu Xin , Chen Yuanyuan
Published: May 2020

Breast cancer is a disease with high heterogeneity. Cancer is not usually caused by a single gene, but by multiple genes and their interactions with others and surroundings. Estimating breast cancer-specific gene–gene interaction networks is critical to elucidate the mechanisms of breast cancer from a biological network perspective. In this study, sample-specific gene–gene interaction networks of breast cancer samples were established by using a sample-specific network analysis method based on gene expression profiles. Then, gene–gene interaction networks and pathways related to breast cancer and its subtypes and stages were further identified. The similarity and difference among these subtype-related (and stage-related) networks and pathways were studied, which showed highly specific for subtype Basal-like and Stages IV and V. Finally, gene pairwise interactions associated with breast cancer prognosis were identified by a Cox proportional hazards regression model, and a risk prediction model based on the gene pairs was established, which also performed very well on an independent validation data set. This work will help us to better understand the mechanism underlying the occurrence of breast cancer from the sample-specific network perspective.