bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Conformal MgO film grown at high rate at low temperature by forward-directed chemical vapor deposition
Authors: Talukdar Tushar K. , Liu Sumeng , Zhang Zhejun , Harwath Frank , Girolami Gregory S. , Abelson John R.
Published: July 2018

MgO thin films are deposited by chemical vapor deposition from the precursor magnesium N,N-dimethylaminodiboranate, Mg(H3BNMe2BH3)2, and water at a substrate temperature of 270–350 °C. Highly conformal coatings with 98% step coverage in trenches of aspect ratio 9 are obtained at a substrate temperature of 270 °C and a growth rate of 7.5 nm/min, most notably through the use of a forward-directed flux, in which some of the precursor molecules travel ballistically down the recessed feature, strike the bottom, and are scattered there to create a virtual source. The deposition conditions can also be adjusted to afford a growth rate up to 200 nm/min with reduced conformality. Most of the films have a dense and column-free microstructure with low surface roughness; the film density, measured by a combination of Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy, is 82%–86% of bulk. Films grown on Si substrates have good adhesion and a low coefficient of friction (∼0.1) in nanoscratch measurements. The refractive index of the films is slightly lower than that of bulk MgO, consistent with the reduced physical densities. Depending on the growth conditions, the C content in the films varies between 0.7 and 6 at. %, and the B content ranges from 1 to 16 at. %. B in the film is present in the B2O3 chemical state; after subtracting the O content in B2O3, the O/Mg ratio = 1.02 in the MgO matrix. A film grown at a temperature of 270 °C and a growth rate of 6 nm/min has a dielectric constant of 9.5 and a breakdown strength of 6 MV/cm.
Erratum: Stability of sonic boom metrics regarding signature distortions in atmospheric turbulence [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141(6), EL592–EL597 (2017)]
Authors: Doebler William J. , Sparrow Victor W.
Published: July 2018

In Doebler and Sparrow [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 141(6), EL592–EL597 (2017)], a collection of five sonic boom metrics were analyzed to see which was the most stable in atmospheric turbulence. After publication, a mistake in one metric calculation was discovered that alters a portion of the results from that work. The purpose of this note is to correct those results—replacing one figure and commenting on another. The correction indicates that the Indoor Sonic Boom Annoyance Predictor (ISBAP) is a stable metric in regards to turbulence. ISBAP and B-weighted Sound Exposure Level (BSEL) are found to be similarly stable. E-weighted Sound Exposure Level (ESEL) is the next most stable followed by Steven's Mark VII Perceived Level (PL) and A-weighted Sound Exposure Level (ASEL).
The Effect of Maturation on Performance During Repeated Sprints With Self-Selected Versus Standardized Recovery Intervals in Youth Footballers
Authors: Brownstein Callum G. , Ball Derek , Micklewright Dominic , Gibson Neil V.
Published: July 2018

Purpose: The purpose of this experiment was to assess performance during repeated sprints utilizing self-selected recovery intervals in youth football (soccer) players at different stages of maturation. Methods: Quota sampling method was used to recruit 14 prepeak height velocity (PHV) and 14 post-PHV participants for the study (N = 28; age = 13 [0.9] y, stature = 162.5 [10.8] cm, mass = 50.2 [12.7] kg). Players performed repeated sprints comprising 10 × 30 m efforts under 2 experimental conditions: using 30-second and self-selected recovery intervals. Magnitude of effects for within- and between-group differences were reported using effect size (ES) statistics ± 90% confidence intervals and percentage differences. Results: The decline in sprint performance was likely lower in the pre-PHV compared with the post-PHV group during the standardized recovery trial (between-group difference = 37%; ES = 0.41 ± 0.51), and likely lower in the post-PHV group during the self-selected recovery trial (between-group difference = 50%; ES = 0.45 ± 0.54). Mean recovery duration was likely shorter in the pre-PHV compared with the post-PHV group during the self-selected recovery trial (between-group difference = 26.1%; ES = 0.47 ± 0.45). Conclusion: This is the first study to show that during repeated sprints with self-selected recovery, pre-PHV children have an impaired ability to accurately interpret physical capabilities in the context of the task compared with post-PHV adolescents.
The lymphatic border patrol outwits inflammatory cells in myocardial infarction
Authors: Santulli Gaetano
Published: July 2018

Lymphangiogenesis modulates inflammation by clearing immune cells in the infarcted heart in a lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1)–dependent process to ameliorate cardiac dysfunction.
Viable Coxiella burnetii Induces Differential Cytokine Responses in Chronic Q Fever Patients Compared to Heat-Killed Coxiella burnetii
Authors: Jansen Anne F. M. , Dinkla Annemieke , Roest Hendrik-Jan , Bleeker-Rovers Chantal P. , Schoffelen Teske , Joosten Leo A. B. , Wever Peter C. , van Deuren Marcel , Koets Ad P.
Published: July 2018

Cytokine responses of chronic Q fever patients to the intracellular bacterium
Coxiella burnetii
have mostly been studied using
ex vivo
stimulation of immune cells with heat-killed
C. burnetii
due to the extensive measures needed to work with viable biosafety level 3 agents. Whether research with heat-killed
C. burnetii
can be translated to immune responses to viable
C. burnetii
is imperative for the interpretation of previous and future studies with heat-killed
C. burnetii
.
PhoPR Contributes to Staphylococcus aureus Growth during Phosphate Starvation and Pathogenesis in an Environment-Specific Manner
Authors: Kelliher Jessica L. , Radin Jana N. , Kehl-Fie Thomas E.
Published: July 2018

Microbial pathogens must obtain all essential nutrients, including phosphate, from the host. To optimize phosphate acquisition in diverse and dynamic environments, such as mammalian tissues, many bacteria use the PhoPR two-component system.
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Senses Intracellular K
+
To Translocate Type III Secretion System 2 Effectors Effectively
Authors: Tandhavanant Sarunporn , Matsuda Shigeaki , Hiyoshi Hirotaka , Iida Tetsuya , Kodama Toshio
Published: July 2018

Many Gram-negative bacterial symbionts and pathogens employ a type III secretion system (T3SS) to live in contact with eukaryotic cells. Because T3SSs inject bacterial proteins (effectors) directly into host cells, the switching of secretory substrates between translocators and effectors in response to host cell attachment is a crucial step for the effective delivery of effectors. Here, we show that the protein secretion switch of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
T3SS2, which is a main contributor to the enteropathogenicity of a food poisoning bacterium, is regulated by two gatekeeper proteins, VgpA and VgpB. In the absence of these gatekeepers, effector secretion was activated, but translocator secretion was abolished, causing the loss of virulence. We found that the K
+
concentration, which is high inside the host cell but low outside, is a key factor for VgpA- and VgpB-mediated secretion switching. Exposure of wild-type bacteria to K
+
ions provoked both gatekeeper and effector secretions but reduced the level of secretion of translocators. The secretion protein profile of wild-type bacteria cultured with 0.1 M KCl was similar to that of gatekeeper mutants. Furthermore, depletion of K
+
ions in host cells diminished the efficiency of T3SS2 effector translocation. Thus, T3SS2 senses the high intracellular concentration of K
+
of the host cell so that T3SS2 effectors can be effectively injected.

IMPORTANCE
The pathogenesis of many Gram-negative bacterial pathogens arises from a type III secretion system (T3SS), whereby bacterial proteins (effectors) are directly injected into host cells. The injected effectors then modify host cell functions. For effective delivery of effector proteins, bacteria need to both recognize host cell attachment and switch the type of secreted proteins. Here, we identified gatekeeper proteins that play important roles in a T3SS2 secretion switch of
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
, a causative agent of food-borne gastroenteritis. We also found that K
+
, which is present in high concentrations inside the host cell but in low concentrations outside, is a key factor for the secretion switch. Thus,
V. parahaemolyticus
senses the high intracellular K
+
concentration, triggering the effective injection of effectors.
Draft Genome Sequence of Bacillus cereus Strain UAEU-H3K6M1, a Bacterium with Potential Bioremediation Abilities, Isolated from Petroleum Sludge
Authors: Al Hefeiti Manal A. , Mafofo Joseph , Xavier Gess Thoms , Ramaswamy Sathishkumar , Baby Bincy , Harilal Divinlal , Vijayan Ranjit , Ashraf S. Salman
Published: July 2018

Here, we report the draft genome sequence of
Bacillus cereus
strain UAEU-H3K6M1, which was isolated from petroleum sludge in the desert. It is composed of around 5.4 Mbp and has a GC content of 35%.
Joint effects of serum vitamin D insufficiency and periodontitis on insulin resistance, pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes: results from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009–2010
Authors: Zuk Aleksandra M , Quiñonez Carlos R , Saarela Olli , Demmer Ryan T , Rosella Laura C
Published: July 2018

Objective

Periodontitis is strongly associated with diabetes and is increasingly shown to be associated with other glycemic abnormalities. Vitamin D is postulated to have both anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activity. Therefore, our aim was to investigate the joint effects of both serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3and total 25-hydroxyvitamin D with periodontitis on homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), pre-diabetes, and type 2 diabetes.

Research design and methods

Using data from the 2009–2010 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the sample was restricted to adults over 30 years of age, who were eligible for oral health examination, and had vitamin D, fasting glucose and insulin measures. The analytic sample includes those with (n=1631) and without (n=1369) type 2 diabetes. Using survey logistic multivariable regression analysis, we examined the following joint effects: (1) vitamin D insufficiency (<50 nmol/L) and moderate to severe periodontitis (VD+PD+); (2) vitamin D insufficiency and mild to no periodontitis (VD+PD−); and (3) vitamin D sufficiency ) (>50 nmol/L) and periodontitis (VD−PD+), and compared these groups with the doubly unexposed reference group (VD−PD−).

Results

Consistently, the joint effects of vitamin D3insufficiency and total vitamin D insufficiency with periodontitis (VD+PD+) were significantly associated with diabetes: OR=2.83 (95% CI 1.34 to 5.96) and OR=1.98 (95% CI 1.04 to 3.76), respectively. However, the joint effects of vitamin D3insufficiency and periodontitis were attenuated for HOMA-IR 4.17: OR=1.57 (95% CI 0.97 to 2.55). Pre-diabetes was not associated with either joint effects.

Conclusion

In this cross-sectional, nationally representative sample, the joint effects of vitamin D and periodontitis appear to differ for HOMA-IR, pre-diabetes and diabetes.
Maternal lead exposure and premature rupture of membranes: a birth cohort study in China
Authors: Huang Sha , Xia Wei , Sheng Xia , Qiu Lin , Zhang Bin , Chen Tian , Xu Shunqing , Li Yuanyuan
Published: July 2018

Objectives

Maternal exposure to lead (Pb) has been suggested to correlate with adverse birth outcomes, but evidence supporting an association between Pb exposure and premature rupture of membranes (PROM) is limited. The aim of our study was to investigate whether maternal Pb exposure was associated with PROM and preterm PROM.

Design

Cross-sectional cohort study.

Study population

The present study involved 7290 pregnant women from the Healthy Baby Cohort in Wuhan, China, during 2012–2014.

Main outcome measures

PROM was defined as spontaneous rupture of amniotic membranes before the onset of labour and was determined with a pH ≥6.5 for vaginal fluid. Maternal urinary Pb level was adjusted by creatinine concentration, and its relationship with PROM was analysed by logistic regression.

Results

The IQR of maternal urinary Pb concentrations of the study population was 2.30–5.64 µg/g creatinine with a median of 3.44 µg/g creatinine. Increased risk of PROM was significantly associated with elevated levels of Pb in maternal urine (adjusted OR 1.23, 95% CI 1.0 to 1.47 for the medium tertile; adjusted OR 1.51, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.80 for the highest tertile). The risk of preterm PROM associated with Pb levels was significantly higher when compared with the lowest tertile (adjusted OR 1.24, 95% CI 0.80 to 1.92 for the medium tertile; adjusted OR 1.73, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.60 for the highest tertile). In addition, the relationship between Pb and PROM was more pronounced among primiparous women than multiparous women (p for interaction <0.01).

Conclusions

Our study found that higher levels of maternal Pb exposure was associated with increased risk of PROM, indicating that exposure to Pb during pregnancy may be an important risk factor for PROM.
Is manager support related to workplace productivity for people with depression: a secondary analysis of a cross-sectional survey from 15 countries
Authors: Evans-Lacko Sara , Knapp Martin
Published: July 2018

Objectives

To examine variations in manager reactions and support for people with depression and to investigate how these reactions are related to (1) absenteeism and (2) presenteeism due to depression among employees with self-reported depression across 15 diverse countries.

Design

Secondary data analysis of cross-sectional survey data.

Setting

15 countries, diverse in geographical region and gross domestic product (GDP): Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Spain, South Africa, South Korea, Turkey and the USA.

Participants

16 018 employees and managers (approximately 1000 per country).

Primary and secondary outcome measures

We assessed level of absenteeism as measured by number of days taken off work because of depression and presenteeism score.

Results

On average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers saying that they avoided talking to the employee about depression was associated with employees with depression taking more days off work (B 4.13, 95% CI 1.68 to 6.57). On average, living in a country with a higher GDP was marginally associated with employees with depression taking more days off of work (p=0.09). On average, living in a country with a greater prevalence of managers actively offering help to employees with depression was associated with higher levels of presenteeism (B 7.08, 95% CI 6.59 to 7.58). Higher country GDP was associated with greater presenteeism among employees with depression (B 3.09, 95% CI 2.31 to 3.88).

Conclusions

Manager reactions were at least as important as country financial resources. When controlling for country GDP, working in an environment where managers felt comfortable to offer help and support to the employee rather than avoid them was independently associated with less absenteeism and more presenteeism.
Quantifying nursing care delivered in Kenyan newborn units: protocol for a cross-sectional direct observational study
Authors: Gathara David , Serem George , Murphy Georgina A V , Abuya Nancy , Kuria Rose , Tallam Edna , English Mike
Published: July 2018

Introduction

In many African countries, including Kenya, a major barrier to achieving child survival goals is the slow decline in neonatal mortality that now represents 45% of the under-5 mortality. In newborn care, nurses are the primary caregivers in newborn settings and are essential in the delivery of safe and effective care. However, due to high patient workloads and limited resources, nurses may often consciously or unconsciously prioritise the care they provide resulting in some tasks being left undone or partially done (missed care). Missed care has been associated with poor patient outcomes in high-income countries. However, missed care, examined by direct observation, has not previously been the subject of research in low/middle-income countries.

Methods and analysis

The aim of this study is to quantify essential neonatal nursing care provided to newborns within newborn units. We will undertake a cross-sectional study using direct observational methods within newborn units in six health facilities in Nairobi City County across the public, private-for-profit and private-not-for-profit sectors. A total of 216 newborns will be observed between 1 September 2017 and 30 May 2018. Stratified random sampling will be used to select random 12-hour observation periods while purposive sampling will be used to identify newborns for direct observation. We will report the overall prevalence of care left undone, the common tasks that are left undone and describe any sharing of tasks with people not formally qualified to provide care.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval for this study has been granted by the Kenya Medical Research Institute Scientific and Ethics Review Unit. Written informed consent will be sought from mothers and nurses. Findings from this work will be shared with the participating hospitals, an expert advisory group that comprises members involved in policy-making and more widely to the international community through conferences and peer-reviewed journals.
Tools to assess the measurement properties of quality of life instruments: a meta-review protocol
Authors: Lorente Sonia , Vives Jaume , Viladrich Carme , Losilla Josep-Maria
Published: July 2018

Introduction

Using specific tools to assess the measurement properties of health status instruments is recommended both to standardise the review process and to improve the methodological quality of systematic reviews. However, depending on the measurement standards on which these tools are developed, the approach to appraise the measurement properties of instruments may vary. For this reason, the present meta-review aims to: (1) identify systematic reviews assessing the measurement properties of instruments evaluating health-related quality of life (HRQoL); (2) identify the tools applied to assess the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments; (3) describe the characteristics of the tools applied to assess the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments; (4) identify the measurement standards on which these tools were developed or conform to and (5) compare the similarities and differences among the identified measurement standards.

Methods and analysis

A systematic review will be conducted following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols Guidelines. Electronic search will be carried out on bibliographic databases, including PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Psychological Information, SCOPUS, Web of Science, COSMIN database and ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, being limited by time (2008–2018) and language (English). Descriptive analyses of different aspects of tools applied to evaluate the measurement properties of HRQoL instruments will be presented; the different measurement standards will be described and some recommendations about the methodological and research applications will be made.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval is not necessary for systematic review protocols. The results will be disseminated by its publication in a peer-reviewed journal and presented at a relevant conference.

PROSPERO registration number

CRD42017065232
Treatment of ruptured and unruptured cerebral aneurysms in the USA: a paradigm shift
Authors: Lin Ning , Cahill Kevin S , Frerichs Kai U , Friedlander Robert M , Claus Elizabeth B
Published: July 2018

Background

Integration of data from clinical trials and advancements in technology predict a change in selection for treatment of patients with cerebral aneurysm.

Objective

To describe patterns of use and in-hospital mortality associated with surgical and endovascular treatments of cerebral aneurysms over the past decade.

Materials and methods

The data are 34 899 hospital discharges with a diagnosis of ruptured or unruptured cerebral aneurysm from 1998 to 2007 identified from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). The rates of endovascular coiling and surgical clipping and in-hospital mortality among patients with an aneurysm are examined over a decade by hospital and patient demographic characteristics.

Results

From 1998 to 2007, 20 134 discharges with a ruptured aneurysm and 14 765 discharges with an unruptured aneurysm were identified. Over this decade, the number of patients discharged with a ruptured aneurysm was stable while the number discharged with an unruptured aneurysm increased significantly. The use of endovascular coiling increased at least twofold for both groups of patient (p<0.001) with the majority of unruptured aneurysms treated with coiling by 2007. Although whites were more likely than non-whites to undergo coiling versus clipping for a ruptured aneurysm (OR=1.30; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.48) and men with unruptured aneurysms were more likely than women to undergo coiling (OR=1.26; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.40), by 2007 differences in treatment selection by gender and racial subgroups were decreased or statistically non-significant. Over time the use of coiling spread from primarily large, teaching hospitals to smaller, non-teaching hospitals.

Conclusions

The majority of unruptured aneurysms in the USA are now treated with endovascular coiling. Although surgical clipping is used for treatment of most ruptured aneurysms, its use is decreasing over time. Dissemination of endovascular procedures appears widespread across patient and hospital subgroups.
Analysis of Article 6 (tax and price measures to reduce the demand for tobacco products) of the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control
Authors: van Walbeek Corne , Filby Samantha
Published: July 2018

Objective

To analyse the extent to which parties to the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (FCTC) have implemented Article 6 since the convention’s entry into force.

Methods

Compliance was measured using nine indicators, derived from the 2016 version of the FCTC’s reporting instrument’s core questionnaire, and the WHO’s MPOWER cigarette affordability measure. Data were collected from WHO country profiles, and the 12 country mission reports by the Impact Assessment Expert Group.

Results

The number of parties reporting any type of excise tax increased from 87% (134/154) in 2008 to 92% (160/174) in 2016. Specific excise tax systems were implemented by 36% (63/174) of FCTC ratifying countries in 2016, up from 32% (49/154) in 2008. The proportion of parties with mixed tax structures has increased from 25% (39/154) in 2008 to 32% (56/174) in 2016. The proportion of parties that levy the tax as a fully ad valorem tax has decreased from 29% (45/154) in 2008 to 24% (42/174) in 2016. Cigarettes have become less affordable in 46% (78/168), more affordable in 13% (21/168) and unchanged in terms of affordability in 41% (69/168) of parties between 2008 and 2016. The number of parties that earmark tobacco tax revenues for public health increased from 13 in 2008 to 30 in 2016. Many finance ministries are hesitant to increase the excise tax, mainly due to illicit trade concerns.

Conclusion

While there has been some improvement in tobacco tax policy over time, parties should adopt stronger tax measures, despite industry opposition and threats about illicit trade. Parties should implement FCTC Article 5.3 and ratify the Protocol to Eliminate Illicit Trade in Tobacco Products.
The flux difference memory integral effect on two-lane stability in the lattice hydrodynamic model
Authors: Peng Guanghan , Yang Shuhong , Zhao Hongzhuan , Qing Li
Published: July 2018

In this paper, the flux difference memory integral (FDMI) effect is introduced into the lattice hydrodynamic model for a two-lane freeway. The FDMI effect plays an important role on the linear stability condition, from theoretic analysis, in a two-lane system. The FDMI effect including the intensity reaction coefficient and the integral historical time are investigated on two lanes via simulation. From numerical simulation, both lane changing rate and FDMI effect strengthening the stability of traffic flow on two lanes is determined.
Pattern formation in time series systems due to viscoelastic behavior: Case studies in uniform distribution, normal distribution, stock market index, and music
Authors: Gündüz Güngör
Published: July 2018

A new methodology was introduced to investigate the pattern formation in time series systems due to their viscoelastic behavior. Four stochastic processes, uniform distribution, normal distribution, Nasdaq-100 stock market index, and a melody were studied within this context. The time series data were converted into vectorial forms in a scattering diagram. The sequential vectors can be split into its in-line (or conservative) and out-of-line (or dissipative) components. Thus, one can define the storage and loss modulus for conservative, and dissipative components, respectively. Instead of using the geometric Brownian equation which involves Wiener noise term, the changes were taken into consideration at every step by introducing “lethargy” concept and the deviation from it. Thus, the mathematics is somehow simplified, and the dynamical behavior of time series systems can be elucidated at every step of change. The viscoelastic behavior of time series systems reveals patterns of the viscoelastic parameters such as storage and loss modulus, and also of thermodynamic work-like and heat-like properties. Besides, there occur some minima and maxima in the distribution of the angles between the sequential vectors in the scattering diagram. The same is true for the change of entropy of the system.
Synthesis and Characterization of Innovative Type Magneto-Rheological Fluid
Authors: Kolekar Shreedhar , Kurahatti Rajshekar V. , Kamble Vikram G. , Choi Seung-Bok
Published: July 2018

This research work is concerned with synthesis of an innovative type of magneto-rheological fluid (MRFluid) using edible low-cost soya bean oil as a carrier liquid with three different concentrations of electrolytic iron powder as a suspended medium and additives as a commercial grease. The field-dependent rheological properties of MRFluid samples were tested under different magnetic field conditions using rheometer. The results of the field-dependent-rheological properties of the prepared MRFluid samples show good agreement with commercial MRFluid. This directly indicates that the proposed innovative type of MRFluid can be used in automotive suspension systems, dampers, vibration control devices and so forth. Sedimentation test is also carried out in order to know the stability of the MRFluids.
Structural evolution, metamorphism and melting in the Greater Himalayan Sequence in central-western Nepal
Authors: Carosi Rodolfo , Montomoli Chiara , Iaccarino Salvatore , Visonà Dario
Published: July 2018

Joining geological mapping, structural analysis, petrology and geochronology allowed the internal architecture of the Greater Himalayan Sequence (GHS) to be unraveled. Several top-to-the-south/SW tectonic–metamorphic discontinuities developed at the regional scale, dividing it into three main units exhumed progressively from the upper to the lower one, starting from
c.
40 Ma and lasting for several million years. The activity of shear zones has been constrained and linked to the pressure–temperature–time–deformation (
P
–
T
–
t
–
D
) evolution of the deformed rocks by the use of petrochronology. Hanging wall and footwall rocks of the shear zones recorded maximum
P
–
T
conditions at different times. Above the Main Central Thrust, a cryptic tectonometamorphic discontinuity (the High Himalayan Discontinuity (HHD)) has been recognized in Central-Eastern Himalaya.

The older shear zone, that was active at
c.
41–28 Ma, triggered the earlier exhumation of the uppermost GHS and allowed the migration of melt, which was produced at peak metamorphic conditions and subsequently produced in abundance at the time of the activation of the HHD. Production of melt continued at low pressure, with nearly isobaric heating leading to the genesis and emplacement of andalusite- and cordierite-bearing granites.

The timing of the activation of the shear zones from deeper to upper structural levels fits with an in-sequence shearing tectonic model for the exhumation of the GHS, further affected by out-of-sequence thrusts.
The Rule-Based Sundanese Stemmer
Authors: Suryani Arie Ardiyanti , Widyantoro Dwi Hendratmo , Purwarianti Ayu , Sudaryat Yayat
Published: July 2018

Our research proposed an iterative Sundanese stemmer by removing the derivational affixes prior to the inflexional. This scheme was chosen because, in the Sundanese affixation, a confix (one of derivational affix) is applied in the last phase of a morphological process. Moreover, most of Sundanese affixes are derivational, so removing the derivational affix as the first step is reasonable. To handle ambiguity, the last recognized affix was returned as the result. As the baseline, a Confix-Stripping Approach that applies Porter Stemmer for the Indonesian language was used. This stemmer shares similarities in terms of affix type, but uses a different stemming order. To observe whether the baseline stems the Sundanese affixed word properly, some features that were not covered by the baseline, such as the infix and allomorph removal, were added. The evaluation was done using 4,453 unique affixed words collected from Sundanese online magazines. The experiment shows that, as a whole, our stemmer outperforms the modified baseline in terms of recognized affixed type accuracy and properly stemmed affixed words. Our stemmer recognized 68.87% of the Sundanese affixed types and produced 96.79% of the correctly affixed words; the modified baseline resulted in 21.70% and 71.59%, respectively
Valuation Compressions in VCG-Based Combinatorial Auctions
Authors: Dütting Paul , Henzinger Monika , Starnberger Martin
Published: July 2018

The focus of classic mechanism design has been on truthful direct-revelation mechanisms. In the context of combinatorial auctions, the truthful direct-revelation mechanism that maximizes social welfare is the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism. For many valuation spaces, computing the allocation and payments of the VCG mechanism, however, is a computationally hard problem. We thus study the performance of the VCG mechanism when bidders are forced to choose bids from a subspace of the valuation space for which the VCG outcome can be computed efficiently. We prove improved upper bounds on the welfare loss for restrictions to additive bids and upper and lower bounds for restrictions to non-additive bids. These bounds show that increased expressiveness can give rise to additional equilibria of poorer efficiency.
Embedding session types in Haskell
Authors: Lindley Sam , Morris J. Garrett
Published: July 2018

We present a novel embedding of session-typed concurrency in Haskell. We extend an existing HOAS embedding of linear λ-calculus with a set of core session-typed primitives, using indexed type families to express the constraints of the session typing discipline. We give two interpretations of our embedding, one in terms of GHC’s built-in concurrency and another in terms of purely functional continuations. Our safety guarantees, including deadlock freedom, are assured statically and introduce no additional runtime overhead.
Heterochromatin: Guardian of the Genome
Authors: Janssen Aniek , Colmenares Serafin U. , Karpen Gary H.
Published: July 2018

Constitutive heterochromatin is a major component of the eukaryotic nucleus and is essential for the maintenance of genome stability. Highly concentrated at pericentromeric and telomeric domains, heterochromatin is riddled with repetitive sequences and has evolved specific ways to compartmentalize, silence, and repair repeats. The delicate balance between heterochromatin epigenetic maintenance and cellular processes such as mitosis and DNA repair and replication reveals a highly dynamic and plastic chromatin domain that can be perturbed by multiple mechanisms, with far-reaching consequences for genome integrity. Indeed, heterochromatin dysfunction provokes genetic turmoil by inducing aberrant repeat repair, chromosome segregation errors, transposon activation, and replication stress and is strongly implicated in aging and tumorigenesis. Here, we summarize the general principles of heterochromatin structure and function, discuss the importance of its maintenance for genome integrity, and propose that more comprehensive analyses of heterochromatin roles in tumorigenesis will be integral to future innovations in cancer treatment.
The in’s and out’s of science outreach: assessment of an engaging new program
Authors: Metz Cynthia J. , Downes Sarah , Metz Michael J.
Published: July 2018

Many professors are interested in providing science outreach to local K–12 students, but may not have the time or resources needed to create an engaging presentation. The American Physiological Society supports outreach initiatives through programs such as the Physiology Understanding (PhUn) Week. Building on these activities, it was desired to create and assess an immersive and engaging Outreach Program in a disadvantaged K–12 student population. Three distinct modules were created on cardiovascular physiology, respiratory physiology, and oral health. All resources for these modules underwent peer review and publication, allowing other professors to easily execute their own outreach programming. The outreach modules were presented to 288 students in 3rd, 5th, 6th, and 7th grade classes. Implementation of the modules resulted in significant increases in student content knowledge, ranging from 32 to 57% improvement ( P < 0.001, dependent t-test), with an average increase of 46%. K–12 science teachers reported that the program was at an appropriate educational level, increased students’ enthusiasm for science, and increased students’ exposure to science careers. Additionally, the presenters of the Outreach Program were perceived to be enthusiastic, knowledgeable, and proficient at interacting with the students. On open-response survey items, the science teachers indicated a high level of satisfaction with the program and an enthusiasm for continued collaborations. These results indicate the importance of organized and interactive science activities for the success of a new Outreach Program.
Next-Generation Sequencing and Eating of the Tree of Knowledge
Authors: Pollyea Daniel A.
Published: July 2018

Clonal hematopoiesis is common, and the large-scale sequencing of patients’ tumors in the clinical setting is becoming very common. The incidence of falsely reporting clonal hematopoiesis as tumor associated in patients with solid tumors is a concern, as it may lead to unintended consequences.

See related article by Coombs et al., p. 5918
Frequency of Inborn Errors of Metabolism in a Northeastern Iranian Sample with High Consanguinity Rates
Authors: Keyfi Fatemeh , Nasseri Mojila , Nayerabadi Samira , Alaei Amin , Mokhtariye Armin , Varasteh Abdolreza
Published: July 2018

Objective: Inborn errors of metabolism (IEMs) are disorders with various manifestations that occur mainly in the pediatric population. In countries where consanguineous marriage is common, the association between consanguinity and IEMs is highly important. No studies have been conducted in Iran examining the impact of consanguinity on IEMs. Methods: In this retrospective study, the incidences of metabolic disorders were evaluated for the years 2006 through 2016 in the North East Iran Regional Diagnostic Laboratory (Pardis Clinical and Genetic Laboratory). A total of 13,327 infants with clinical symptoms were referred and investigated for IEMs. Newborn screening was performed on samples from all patients suspected of having IEMs. Results: Of 13,327 infants examined, 60 different IEMs were diagnosed in 1,118. The most frequent disorders among our patients were glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PDD) (14.04%), methylmalonic and propionic acidurias (MMA/PA) (9.12%), phenylketonuria (PKU) (8%), and isovaleric acidemia (IVA) (6.98%). A significant difference was found in the prevalence of amino acid disorders between the offspring of consanguineous and those of non-consanguineous parents. No statistically significant differences were found between the 2 groups for organic or fatty acids, carnitine or urine cycles, or lysosomal storage disorders. A total of 707 of the 1,118 infants with metabolic diseases (63.24%) were children of consanguineous parents. These findings show that consanguinity can be an important factor in the inheritance of recessive mutations in a homozygous state. Conclusion: This study found a greater frequency of metabolic diseases in offspring of consanguineous parents than in those of non-consanguineous parents in a population with a high rate of consanguinity.
Long-Lasting Exceptional Radiological Complete Response after Treatment with Eribulin in a Patient with Triple-Negative Breast Cancer with Liver Involvement
Authors: Dottorini Lorenzo , Catena Laura , Sarno Italo , Di Menna Giandomenico , Marte Annamaria , Bajetta Emilio
Published: July 2018

We report the case of a 50-year-old woman with a triple-negative Ki67 80% breast cancer with liver metastases, who obtained a radiological long-lasting complete response after treatment with eribulin. The patient initially experienced progressive disease after a standard anthracycline/taxane-based adjuvant chemotherapy, a first-line treatment for metastatic disease with paclitaxel-bevacizumab, and a second-line maintenance treatment with bevacizumab and capecitabine. Eribulin was administered according to a 1.23 mg/m2 scheme on days 1 and 8 every 3 weeks, and the treatment was always well tolerated. After 45 cycles of therapy, we still detected radiological evidence of complete response on liver sites of disease. This case report underlines the great efficacy of eribulin as third-line treatment for metastatic disease in a very aggressive form of breast cancer.
Eribulin in Heavily Pretreated Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients in the Real World: A Retrospective Study
Authors: Pedersini Rebecca , Vassalli Lucia , Claps Melanie , Tulla Antonella , Rodella Filippo , Grisanti Salvatore , Amoroso Vito , Roca Elisa , Simoncini Edda Lucia , Berruti Alfredo
Published: July 2018

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy and safety of eribulin in heavily pretreated patients with advanced breast cancer (BC) in a real-life setting. Methods: This retrospective monocentric study included patients with HER-2-negative metastatic BC, pretreated with anthracyclines and taxanes, who were referred to the Oncology Department of Spedali Civili of Brescia from May 2012 to April 2017. Patients received the same dose of eribulin as that used in the EMBRACE trial: 1.4 mg/m2 on days 1 and 8 every 21 days. Results: In a total of 53 patients, 32% obtained a partial response, 11% a stable disease, and 43% a clinical benefit (CB). After a median follow-up of 36 months, median progression-free survival (PFS) was 4.7 months and median overall survival (OS) 13.53 months. Median PFS was significantly longer in patients who reported a CB compared to those with no CB, while survival outcomes (PFS and OS) were better in patients who received > 6 cycles of eribulin. Eribulin showed a good tolerability profile with acceptable toxicities, similar to those reported in EMBRACE. Conclusions: Our experience in a real-world setting confirms the activity, efficacy, and good tolerability profile of eribulin in heavily pretreated BC patients.
Combined Exercise and Cognitive Training System for Dementia Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Okamura Hitoshi , Otani Michiaki , Shimoyama Naonori , Fujii Takayuki
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: We investigated the efficacy of a combined exercise and cognitive training system that we devised for improvement of attention and concentration, cognition, and activities of daily living in older adults with dementia. Methods: A total of 100 dementia patients were randomly assigned to an intervention group or a control group. The intervention group was subjected to a combined exercise and cognitive training for 6 consecutive weeks. Evaluations were performed using the Trail Making Test-Part A, the Mini-Mental State Examination, and an N-type activities of daily living evaluation scale for the elderly. Results: A comparison of the changes in scores on the evaluation scales between the intervention group and the control group showed significant interactions for all scores. Conclusions: The combined system is effective in increasing attention and concentration and improving cognitive function and activities of daily living in dementia patients.
Kaiso (ZBTB33) Downregulation by Mirna-181a Inhibits Cell Proliferation, Invasion, and the Epithelial–Mesenchymal Transition in Glioma Cells
Authors: Wang Ligang , Ma Jichao , Wang Xiaoxiong , Peng Fei , Chen Xin , Zheng Bingjie , Wang Chunlei , Dai Zhibo , Ai Jing , Zhao Shiguang
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Kaiso (ZBTB33) expression is closely associated with the progression of many cancers and microRNA (miRNA) processing. MiR-181a plays critical roles in multiple cancers; however, its precise mechanisms in glioma have not been well clarified. The goal of this study was to evaluate the interaction between Kaiso and miR-181a in glioma. Methods: Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to detect the levels of Kaiso and miR-181a in glioma tissues and cell lines. Cell proliferation, invasion, and the epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT) were evaluated to analyze the biological functions of miR-181a and Kaiso in glioma cells. The mRNA and protein levels of Kaiso were measured by qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. Meanwhile, luciferase assays were performed to validate Kaiso as a miR-181a target in glioma cells. Results: We found that the level of miR-181a was the lowest among miR-181a–d in glioma tissues and cell lines, and the low level of miR-181a was closely associated with the increased expression of Kaiso in glioma tissues. Moreover, transfection of miR-181a significantly inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of glioma cells, whereas knockdown of miR-181a had the opposite effect. Bioinformatics analysis predicted that Kaiso was a potential target gene of miR-181a, and the luciferase reporter assay demonstrated that miR-181a could directly target Kaiso. In addition, Kaiso silencing had similar effects as miR-181a overexpression in glioma cells, whereas overexpression of Kaiso in glioma cells partially reversed the inhibitory effects of the miR-181a mimic. Conclusionss: miR-181a inhibited the proliferation, invasion, and EMT of glioma cells by directly targeting and downregulating Kaiso expression.
Derivation and Validation of Risk Scores to Predict Cerebrovascular Mortality Among Incident Peritoneal Dialysis Patients
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxue , Yu Dahai , Cai Yamei , Shang Jin , Qin Rui , Tian Xing , Zhao Zhanzheng , Simmons David
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is one of the leading causes of death in patients initialising peritoneal dialysis (PD). Currently there is no risk score to predict the future risk of CeVD on entry into PD. This study aimed to derive and validate a risk prediction model for CeVD mortality in 2 years after the initialisation of PD. Methods: All patients registered with the Henan Peritoneal Dialysis Registry (HPDR) between 2007 and 2014 were included. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was applied to derive the risk score. All accessible clinical measurements were screened as potential predictors. Internal validation through bootstrapping was applied to test the model performance. Results: The absolute risk of CeVD mortality was 2.9%. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, phosphate, and sodium concentrations were the strongest predictors of CeVD mortality in the final risk score. Good model discrimination with C statistics above 0.70 and calibration of agreed observed and predicted risks were identified in the model. Conclusion: The new risk score, developed and validated using clinical measurements that are accessible on entry into PD, could be used clinically to screen for patients at high risk of CeVD mortality. Such patients might benefit from therapies reducing the incidence of CeVD related events.
RANK Deficiency Ameliorates Podocyte Injury by Suppressing Calcium/Calcineurin/ NFATc1 Signaling
Authors: Liang Shun , Zhang Hong , Du Yue , Dou Caoshuai , Liu Shuangxin , Zhang Li , Chen Yuanhan , Li Ruizhao , Ma Jianchao , Li Zhuo , Lin Ting , Zhao Xinchen , Zhang Qianmei , Wang Wenjian , Ye Zhiming , Liang Xinling , Shi Wei , Zhang Bin
Published: July 2018

Background/Aims: Podocyte injury and loss contribute to proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and eventually kidney failure. Receptor activator of NF-κB (RANK) belongs to the TNF receptor superfamily, which plays a key role in the pathogenesis of podocyte injury. However, the mechanism underlying the effect of RANK in podocyte injury remains unclear. Here, we sought to explore the possible molecular mechanisms involved in podocyte injury caused by RANK. Methods: Immortalized mouse podocytes were treated with siRNA targeting RANK for 48 h or ionomycin for 24 h before harvest. Western blot, quantitative RT-PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to evaluate the expression and function of RANK, nuclear factor of activated T cells c1 (NFATc1), transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily C, member 6 (TRPC6) and calcineurin in podocytes. The Calcineurin Cellular Activity Assay kit was used to detect the phosphatase activity of calcineurin in cultured podocytes. A Ca2+ influx assay was performed to analyze alterations in Ca2+ entry under different conditions. Co-immunoprecipitation assays were used to observe the relationship between RANK and TRPC6. Results: RANK mRNA and protein expression were markedly increased in injured podocytes (ionomycin stimulation). Further study found that translocation of NFATc1 to the nucleus was significantly reduced after knocking down RANK by siRNA. Meanwhile, we also demonstrated that loss of RANK suppressed the phosphatase activity of calcineurin and attenuated the ionomycin-induced increase in Ca2+ influx. In addition, we showed that RANK knockdown in cultured podocytes decreased TRPC6 protein expression. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments suggested that RANK binds to TRPC6 and that ionomycin enhanced the binding of RANK to TRPC6. Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that RANK deficiency ameliorates podocyte injury by suppressing calcium/calcineurin/NFATc1 signaling, which may present a promising target for therapeutic intervention.
СІМЕЙНИЙ ВИПАДОК СТЕНОЗУЮЧОГО ЛІГАМЕНТIТУ
Authors: Protsaylo M. D.
Published: July 2018

Описано двобічний випадок стенозуючого лігаментиту в хлопчика віком 3 роки. На правій руці третя стадія захворювання, на лівій – перша. Спадковість обтяжена, у батька був стенозуючий лігаментит на обох руках, з приводу чого його оперовано в дитинстві. Рухи пальцями в повному обсязі. Дитині було здійснено операцію на правій руці. Рухи пальчиком відновилися повністю. Ліва рука отримує консервативне лікування. Наше клінічне спостереження цікаве тому, що має місце сімейний випадок захворювання на обох руках у батька та сина. Тільки оперативне лікування дало бажаний ефект.