bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
UNICEF and the WASH: Analisis Terhadap Peran UNICEF Dalam Mengatasi Masalah Ketersediaan Air Bersih di India
Authors: Kusumawardhana Indra , Nur Auliya Annisa Asti
Published: March 2020

The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are a blueprint for sustainable global development for equitable growth and prosperity between countries. One indicator of equitable growth is the achievement of adequate access to drinking water, sanitation and hygiene and stopping open defecation (BABS) activities. But the difficulty of access to clean water sources and good sanitation facilities is still an urgent problem in India. More than 50% of the water has been polluted and cannot be consumed. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 97 million Indians do not have access to clean water and proper sanitation. This is caused by various factors, among others, first the habits of the people (culture) who conduct BABS activities. Second, lack of education and human awareness of environmental cleanliness. And the third is the lack of public toilet facilities provided by the government. These problems have a major impact on the health of local communities such as diarrhea and pneumonia. Efforts by the Indian government to solve these problems have yet to produce a significant impact. So that the United Nations (UN) opened an open working group to formulate proposals related to global development planning on clean water and sanitation supported by UNICEF through the WASH (Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene) Program. The implementation of this program is aimed at overcoming the impact of problems that give special focus to children. This research will further examine the role of UNICEF in overcoming sanitation problems in India through the WASH Program. The method used in this study uses qualitative methods to explain systematically and factually. This study uses the theory of the Role of International Organizations. This theory is used to explain and emphasize UNICEF in carrying out its roles based on the values ​​set by international organizations.
Indian Food Security; from Problem to Solution through Household Food Security
Authors: Isnarti Rika
Published: March 2020

This paper assess food security in India especially in rural area where food security condition is far behind. India is one of countries suffering from food insecurity that leads to nutrition insecurity. To achieve food security is not about how much food being produced, or analyzed the availability of food but also about food utility, a condition where everyone can achieve food nutrition with amount of food being produced. So, food security is also about how people can buy food in adequate price and accessible to free from malnutrition and obtain good dietary for healthy life, the utility of food. Therefore, if we want to achieve food security, this is important to provide high nutrition food with affordably price rather than provide high food production but people have no access to it. Therefore, this paper assess India problem in food security, impact and solutions, Which on food security in household level. This research is a qualitative research  utilizes library research to gather and analyses the data. It found that, India food security problem mostly occurs in rural area which cause malnutrition therefore, to achieve food security in India, the government combines government programs with household and women programs such as giving subsidy for small and poor household, giving food to children and subsidizing grain for farmers and create home garden.
contenido
Authors: Facultad de Ingenieria Ingeniería y Competitividad
Published: March 2020

Tabla de Contenido de Ingenieria y Competitividad
Acople de fotocatálisis heterogénea y proceso biológico aerobio de lodos activados para tratar aguas residuales con contenido de Clorpirifos
Authors: Becerra Dorancé , Arteaga Brenda L. , Ochoa Yuriney E. , Barajas-Solano Andrés F. , García-Martínez Janet B . , Ramírez Luisa F.
Published: March 2020

El Clorpirifos es uno de los plaguicidas que más se utiliza en Colombia, siendo el de mayor uso en el departamento de Norte de Santander, en donde su utilidad ha sido comprobada para proteger cultivos de arroz, café, etc. No obstante, debido al uso inadecuado por parte de los agricultores, este ha traído consecuencias negativas para el medio ambiente y la salud de las personas, es así como para el año 2014 se registraron 715 casos de intoxicación por esta sustancia en el departamento. Con el fin de generar una alternativa técnicamente viable para el tratamiento de las aguas residuales agrícolas con contenido de Clorpirifos y avanzar en la descontaminación de los cuerpos de agua receptores, se evaluó la eficacia del acople de fotocatálisis heterogénea en un Colector Parabólico Compuesto - CPC y un proceso biológico aerobio de lodos activados en batch. La fotocatálisis se realizó en un CPC de 0.83 m2, usando luz solar como fuente de energía (20, 40 y 60 KJ.L-1) y dióxido de titanio - TiO2 Degussa P25 como catalizador (100, 350 y 600 mg.L-1), a pH de 3, 6 y 9 y como proceso biológico aerobio se utilizó el Test de Zahn-Wellens. El proceso fotocatalítico alcanzó una remoción máxima de DQO del 44.2% y COD del 35.3%, para condiciones óptimas 159.19 mg.L-1 de TiO2 y 3.47 unidades de pH. El proceso biológico logró degradar el 17.0% de DQO y 9.3% del COD para el agua residual sin pretratamiento. Después del pretratamiento mediante fotocatálisis, la remoción del proceso biológico aumentó a un 88.2% de DQO y 67.8% de COD. De los resultados obtenidos se establece que el acople de fotocatálisis heterogénea y un proceso biológico aerobio, es una alternativa viable para el tratamiento de aguas residuales agrícolas con presencia de Clorpirifos
Análisis, diseño y desarrollo de un prototipo de software para la administración de parqueaderos
Authors: Solarte-Martínez Guillermo R. , Silva Castro Frank , Muñoz-Guerrero Luis E.
Published: March 2020

Este proyecto nace a partir de la necesidad de un software que facilite la administración de un establecimiento dedicado al alquiler de parqueaderos, de modo que muchas de las características de estos establecimientos sean parametrizables desde una herramienta de software. En el proyecto, se diseñó y se desarrolló una aplicación de escritorio, compatible con versiones de Windows (7, 8, 8.1, 10) que permite la administración, parametrización y ejecución de las tareas realizadas en un establecimiento de alquiler de parqueaderos, con características extendidas como préstamo de inventario (cascos, chalecos) y creación de cupos de parqueo. El prototipo se desarrolló en la plataforma Windows para aprovechar la infraestructura básica de un parqueadero de la ciudad de Pereira. La concepción del software incluye actividades como; gestión de clientes, empleados, quejas, vehículos, mensualidades, ingresos, egresos, bitácora, auditoría, inventario, préstamos y facturación. Para el desarrollo del prototipo se utilizó una arquitectura cliente/servidor, de modo que los diferentes equipos estén conectados a una misma base de datos, compartiendo entre sí cada gestión. Se utilizó el IDE WINDEV y el lenguaje WLANGUAGE para el desarrollo.
Huella hídrica: Una herramienta eficaz para el desafío de la sostenibilidad del agua
Authors: Vargas-Pineda Oscar I. , Trujillo-González Juan M. , Torres-Mora Marco A.
Published: March 2020

El agua es un líquido indispensable tanto para subsistir como para el desarrollo de la sociedad. No obstante, actualmente la disponibilidad de agua preocupa a la comunidad mundial por la intensa aparición de escenarios de escasez física y económica del recurso. Razón por la cual, es necesario que este recurso tenga una gestión eficiente, de tal manera que satisfaga las necesidades actuales, sin comprometer su uso en el futuro. Este artículo, presentará un análisis conceptual de la dinámica del recurso con énfasis en la escasez, y la importancia de la gestión integral, alrededor de un indicador como la huella hídrica, vista como una herramienta eficaz para la toma de decisiones.
Importancia de los datos científicos y su publicación como artículo de datos
Authors: Machuca-Martinez Fiderman
Published: March 2020

Es evidente que la publicación de datos es de vital importancia en el desarrollo científico y tecnológico de un área de conocimiento. Los artículos estándar, en sus diferentes modalidades, se basan en el análisis e interpretación de los mismos para debatir, confirmar, confrontar ideas entre otros aspectos relevantes. En el área tecnológica, por ejemplo, las patentes, se basan en la aplicación y/o uso de los datos obtenidos para demostrar que la solución propuesta a un problema técnico es viable.
Pré-textuais
Authors: Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva
Published: March 2020

Pré-textuais
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Klédson Tiago Alves de Souza
Published: March 2020

APRESENTAÇÃO.
Apresentação
Authors: Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva
Published: March 2020

Apresentação
Sumário.pdf
Authors: Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva
Published: March 2020

Sumário.pdf
Apresentação
Authors: Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva
Published: March 2020

Apresentação.
Edição Completa
Authors: Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva
Published: March 2020

Edição Completa
Edição Completa
Authors: Galileu Galilei Medeiros de Souza
Published: March 2020

Edição Completa.
Sumário
Authors: Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva
Published: March 2020

Sumário
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Marcos Érico de Araújo Silva
Published: March 2020

APRESENTAÇÃO.
Reading Habits, Interests, And Reading Comprehension Of Students In Schools Implementing School Literacy Movement
Authors: Khaira Ulfa , Harun Mohammad , Bahry Rajab
Published: March 2020

This research aims to describe the reading habits, interests, and reading comprehension of grade X students at high schools implementing the School Literacy Movement (GLS) program in Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar, Aceh. The research method used was descriptive method with a quantitative approach. The sample was 114Â  grade X students of SMAN 2 Banda Aceh, Unsyiah Laboratory High School, MAS Ruhul Islam Anak Bangsa, and MAS Insan Qurani. This research used a questionnaire and tests as research instruments. Data analyzed by a descriptive qualitative technique by listing raw scores, calculating the average student score, and classifying the results of the samples studied. Research result indicated that the level of reading habits, interests, and reading comprehension of X grade students at high schools implementing the School Literacy Movement program (GLS) varied and had not reached the maximum result. First and foremost, the average mark of reading habits obtained by the four schools is 61% (moderate category) and the average mark of X grade studentsâ€™ reading habits in each school was also in the moderate category: 59% in SMAN 2 Banda Aceh, 58%Â  in Unsyiah Laboratory High School, 63% in MAS RIAB, and 65% in MAS Insan Qurani. Second, the level of studentsâ€™ reading interest in those four schools was 67% (moderate category), while the average mark of studentsâ€™ reading interest in each school was categorized moderate and good, 65% in SMAN 2 Banda Aceh, 62% in Unsyiah Laboratory High School, 71% in MAS RIAB, and 71% in MAS Insan Qurani. Last, reading comprehension level in these four schools was 61% (moderate category), while the average mark for reading comprehension of Â X grade students in each school was categorized moderate and good, 40% in SMAN 2 Banda Aceh, 65% in Unsyiah Laboratory High School, 71% in MAS RIAB, and 69% in MAS Insan Qurani.
Improving The Problem Solving Skill Through Metacognitive Strategies Assisted by Student Worksheets
Authors: Syahbrudin Johan , Anggraini Anita
Published: March 2020

This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of metacognitive learning strategy assisted by student worksheets based on troubleshooting even though only for a short amount of time to develop students' physics problem solving abilities. This research design using quasi-experiment design. The study population was students of class XI MAN Yogyakarta 1 with two sample classes totaling 53 people taken through cluster random sampling techniques. Collecting research data through study documentation, observation, and tests. Analysis of research data using descriptive analysis techniques and quantitative analysis (independent sample t-test). This study shows the results that the application of metacognition learning strategy assisted by student worksheets based on troubleshooting in a relatively short period of time is not effective to produce physics problem solving abilities.
The Effectiveness of Online Simulation with GDL and PBL toward Studentsâ€™ Digital Literacy Skill
Authors: Perdana Riki , Riwayani Riwayani , Jumadi Jumadi , Rosana Dadan
Published: March 2020

This study aimed to investigate the impact of online simulation in physics learning toward studentsâ€™ digital literacy skills. There are 106 randomly students Grade XII Science from West Borneo and Riau Province, Indonesia as participants in this study. The level of digital literacy skill of all participants in the classes before and after the learning process was determined to assess the effectiveness of two models with online simulation learning.Â  We used comparative â€“descriptive, pre-test and post-test experimental design, and Anova Mixed Design to analysis data. The result of this study was: (1) Studentsâ€™ digital literacy skill of students in two groups initially are at very low level and increased after learning; (2) there was a significant difference in the level of digital literacy skill of the students online simulation with GDL class; (3) in this study, the online simulation with GDL model is more effective than online simulation with PBL model in enhancing studentsâ€™ digital literacy skill in senior high school. For the conclusion, in this study studentsâ€™ digital literacy skill in Indonesia is rather below. Model PBL with online simulation is one of the teaching models that can be used in enhancing studentsâ€™ digital literacy skills.
Analysis of The Effect of PBL-Based Experimental and Project Methods on Science Learning Achievement
Authors: Rosyida Ulin Nuha , Sukarmin Sukarmin , Sunarno Widha
Published: March 2020

This research aim was to find out the interaction between Problem Based Learning with experimental and project methods with thinking skill toward studentâ€™s cognitive learning outcomes. This research was held in SMP A on second semester of 2017/2018. The type of this research was experimental research. This researchâ€™s subject was 55 7th grade students, determined with the cluster random sampling technique. Data were collected using test technique. Analysis technique was using quantitative analysis with two-way analysis of variance. Based on the results, in the first hypothesis the result means that there was difference between the studentâ€™s cognitive learning achievement with Problem Based Learning with the project method and experimental method. In the second hypothesis, the result means that there was difference between studentâ€™s cognitive learning achievement which have higher order thinking skill and lower order thinking skill. In the third hypothesis, the result means no interaction between Problem Based Learning with experimental method and project method with thinking skill toward studentâ€™s cognitive learning achievement.
The Influence of Motivation, Leadership and Perceived Workload as Intervening on Teacher Commitment
Authors: Firdaus Robby Anzil , Purnamasari Dian , Akuba Stefy Falentino
Published: March 2020

At various schools, there are problems related to teacher commitment for carrying out their work. In schools that were the object in this study, problems related to low teacher commitment can be seen in the exit interview process when teachers submit resignations. This study objective is to look for the influence of leadership, motivation and perceived workload on teacher commitment at the school. This research was conducted at an Islamic school in the southern city of Tangerang.The method of sampling is census of 61 permanent teachers under the organization. The analizing method is SEM Â using SmartPLStm software. The result from SEM intrepertation shows there is significant influence on leadership and perceived workload, motivation and commitment as well as perceived workload and commitment. Leadership can also influence commitment through mediating perceived workload. Base on the results, the conclusios are, to increase teacherâ€™s commitment, we need to see the leadership style of the principles of the school (as direct supervisor), gave a good insight for their perceived workload so that they do not feel overwhelming. Thus their commitment will also increasing.
The implementation of PBL integrated with STEM in the material of Temperature and Its Changes to the Improvement of Studentsâ€™ Creative Thinking Skills and Learning Results
Authors: Madyani Ida , Yamtinah Sri , Utomo Suryadi Budi
Published: March 2020

This study aims to determine the effect of implementing PBL integrated with STEM in the materials of temperature and its changes in creative thinking skills and learning outcomes. The research method was a quasi-experimental research design with non-equivalent pretest and posttest control group. Samples were selected by purposive sampling technique. Data collection instruments were creative thinking skills and knowledge tests. The analysis technique was a different test (t-test) to determine differences in the ability to think creatively and learning outcomes aspects of knowledge, and the N-gain test to determine the effectiveness of the learning method applied. The results of this study indicate that: (1) there were differences in learning outcomes and creative thinking abilities between the control and the experimental classes (2) the effectiveness test identified that the science learning using PBL integrated with STEM is quite effective in increasing the ability to think creatively.
Technological Determinism, New Literacies And Learning Process And The Impact Towards Future Learning
Authors: Mardiana Harisa , Daniels Haris Kaisar
Published: March 2020

The interest of this research is to investigate technological change, new literacies and learning processes which impact future learning. With technological determinism, the members of the university need to have technological knowledge, belief of change and adopt the technology. The problem in this research is the habits in the individual who works within our campus that would not change, because with the new literacies used and introduced in communication, besides learning in using online systems will continue to be implemented.Â  The research sampling is conducted of 76 respondents, consisting of students, lecturers, employees, staff and technicians. And this research method uses is quantitative methods and semi-structured qualitative methods. The result obtained that there are members of campus who are willing to change in communication and the ways of thinking and acting to follow the change in future learning 4.0 industrial revolutions
Description Of Relationship Between Students Interests And Attitudes In Physical Subject In Indonesia
Authors: Astalini Astalini , Darmaji Darmaji , Kurniawan Dwi Agus , Sumaryanti Sumaryanti , Perdana Rahmat , Susbiyanto Susbiyanto
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to find out how attitudes and interests of students and analyze the relationship between attitudes and student interest in high school physics subjects in Jambi Province. This type of research is quantitative which uses survey research design as a research procedure. This study involved 463 high school students in Jambi Province. The instrument used was a questionnaire with data analysis techniques namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The results of the dominant student attitude indicators discussed in this paper are attitude indicators towards good research in physics with a percentage of 58.5% with a total of 271 students. The results of indicators of dominant interest are indicators of learning attention with categories good a percentage of 74.3% with total 344 students. The results of the analysis of the relationship between attitudes and interests of students towards high school physics subjects in Jambi Province showed r value 0.725 and positive. Therefore it is said that the attitudes and interests of high school students in Indonesia in physics subjects are high.
Analysis of Studentsâ€™ Multiple representation-based Problem - solving Skills
Authors: Putra Army Al Islami Ali , Aminah Nonoh Siti , Marzuki Ahmad
Published: March 2020

This study aims to analyze the profile of studentsâ€™ problem - solving skills based on multiple representation in senior high school. Problem - solving skills in solving multiple representation are very important in learning Physics. The subjects of this study were 101 students of class XII MAN 1 Ngawi. The method used in this research was quantitative descriptive method. Indicators of the problem - solving abilities that were used included approaches, visuals, applications, and procedures. The types of representation in this research instrument were verbal, figures, graphic and mathematic. The results showed that the problem - solving skills related to the indicator of approach with the form of multiple representation questions got percentages of 36% (verbal), 42% (figural), 24% (graphical), and 43% (mathematical). The visual indicators showed the percentages of 44, 29, 38, and 0 for verbal, figural, graphical, and mathematical respectively. Then the indicators of procedures obtained 36% for the verbal, 30% for the figures, 35% for the graphics, and 0% for the mathematics. Thus, it can be concluded that problem - solving skills possessed by students are different in terms of the percentage each indicator got in the multiple representation test.
The Development of Learning Media of Pakakala Boardgame
Authors: Hasan Kamaruddin , Zainal Zaid , Suhadjerah Suhadjerah
Published: March 2020

The purpose of this study is to develop a learning media in the form of boardgame Learning Media (Optional Board and Career Cards) to improve studentsâ€™ career knowledge in a fun, interactive and active learning under. This research uses Research and Development Method, with The phases in this research consist of; (1) product analysis, (2) developing products, (3) validation and revision, (4) play-trials and final products. Data collection techniques using interviews and questionnaires. Feasibility check and assessment by theory expert, learning media expert and users using Likert scale with the value used are 5 to 1. The results of the validation by theory expert get score 5 with a very worthy category, while the validation by media expert gets score 4.89 with the very worthy category. Whereas in the usage test by users or students and teacher response as an education practitioner showed very worthy category with scores 4.53 and 5 respectively. As a result, the developed pakakala boardgame for year 4 students at SDN 84 Parepare is suitable to use in teaching theme 4 concerning various occupations
Islands in the energy stream: regional cooperation in the Indian Ocean tourism sector
Authors: Smith Roy , Welton Rachel
Published: March 2020

Aim: This article considers the need to move away from a dependency on fossil fuels towards more sustainable renewable sources of energy production. The focus is on the tourism sector in two Indian Ocean destinations, Mauritius and the Seychelles. The broader aim, however, is to highlight the interconnectedness between public and private stakeholders and how lessons learned from these case studies could have broader applicability elsewhere.

 

Design/research methods: A case study approach has been taken drawing on data supplied by both the private tourism sector in the destinations under consideration and relevant government and regional reports.

 

Conclusions/findings: Progress has been made in the shift towards decarbonisation policies and practices in these destinations. This has been achieved via a cooperative approach between public and private stakeholders, extending the development of renewable energy infrastructure and supply to include sustainable education policies supported by both governments’ education departments and vocational programmes implemented by the larger hotels in these destinations.

 

Originality/value of the article: Although there have been other studies conducted on the promotion of renewable energy in small island states, there is a paucity of such research looking specifically at the tourism sector and the role of public/private partnerships in developing broader education for sustainable development programmes.

 

Implications: The case studies focus on highlighting how governments and tourism businesses can work towards shared goals, in this case decarbonisation and education for sustainability. The implication is that such a model could be applied elsewhere with equally positive results.
Analyzing Regulatory Framework for Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) Technology Development: A case study approach
Authors: Osazuwa-Peters Mac , Hurlbert Margot
Published: March 2020

Aim: This article provides insight into the portfolio of regulations advancing Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) deployment. Using a taxonomy of policy portfolio tools adapted for regulations specific to CCS, this research identifies regulatory gaps as well as supports for CCS projects.

Design / Research methods: Through a case study approach, this article analyzes the regulatory provisions in six jurisdictions (Texas, North Dakota, the U.S, Saskatchewan, Alberta and Canada) which have a successful CCS facility. Analyzing the provisions and content of regulations in these jurisdictions, this article highlights regulatory supports or areas of gaps for CCS projects in each jurisdiction.

Conclusions / findings: There is no uniform definition or categorization of CO2 as a hazard, waste, pollutant or commodity across jurisdictions. This has serious impact on CO2 transport, especially across jurisdictions. It also impacts the administration of storage systems for CCS facilities. Regulations focusing primarily on technical aspects of CCS including capture, transport, and liability predominate while there are less regulatory provisions for the financial aspects of CCS technology as well as public engagement and support. While capital grants and emission and tax credits are the predominant financial issues covered in regulations, contract for differences, streamlining emission trading across borders and enhancing cooperation and multilevel engagement in CCS warrant more attention.

Originality / value of the article: Many scenarios to maintain global warming below 2 degrees Celsius require combinations of new technology including CCS. The focus on CCS cost as a barrier to deployment overshadows the needs for regulatory support as a means of reducing uncertainties and de-risking CCS investments.
Governance and decentralized energy transitions: a comparative case study of three medium-sized cities in Sweden, Canada, and the United States.
Authors: Boucher Martin
Published: March 2020

Aim: This study examines the impact of governance on decentralized energy transitions. Knowledge of how particular jurisdictions and their governance arrangements influence these transitions can help strengthen and contextualize divergent trajectories of decentralized energy transitions and—most importantly—reveal the role of geographical context in policy change. Design: This research gap is addressed in this paper by comparing the uptake of decentralized energy transitions in three cities in three different countries—Luleå (Sweden), Saskatoon (Canada), and Anchorage (United States). The jurisdictions in each city has unique governance contexts pertaining to electric utilities, regulations, public policy, and public acceptance.  By comparing these transitions, this study highlights the governance considerations for decentralized energy transitions and asks how does governance impact decentralized energy transitions in cities? To answer this question, actors within various public, private, and sectoral capacities were interviewed to provide their insights on decentralized energy transitions in each jurisdiction. Conclusion: I present five governance dimensions that impact decentralized energy transitions and explain how these factors can be included to provide a more contextual understanding of patterns of decentralized energy transitions in cities.  Originality: Much of the literature on decentralized energy and cities has focused on project and sectoral level analysis and hasn’t considered the holistic nature of the energy system transition. A particular gap that would help inform a broader understanding is the jurisdictional governance impacts of decentralization energy transitions. Implications of the Research: In practical terms, the results could be used to inform inter-jurisdictional comparisons of decentralization energy projects. Limitations of the Research: Given that there were three case studies, it is not possible to make generalizable claims from the results.
Emerging issues in energy, climate change and sustainability management
Authors: Hurlbert Margot , Osazuwa-Peters Mac
Published: March 2020

Aim: This editorial article provides a general introduction into the topic of this special issue on emerging issues in energy, climate change and sustainability management.

 

Design/Research methods:  This article is based on a comprehensive review of this special edition journal and a comparison of the findings in the individual articles.

 

Findings: Barriers to sustainability include cost, regulatory architecture and perceptions of sustainability.  Synergies of growing biomass, expanding biomass with carbon capture and sequestration to mitigate climate change have tradeoffs with food security.

 

Originality/value of the article:  The main value of this introductory article of the special issue is that it provides an overview of the articles identifying barriers of regulatory architecture and perceptions to sustainability and synergies and tradeoffs highlighted in the articles.
COVID-19 – reflections on the surprise of both an expected and unexpected event
Authors: Platje Johannes , Harvey Jeffrey , Rayman-Bacchus Lez
Published: March 2020

Aim: This paper reflects on the COVID-19 epidemic from the perspective of small probabilities and the difficulty of predicting similar events. Against the background of basic economic principles, the importance of the precautionary principle for crisis management is discussed, as well as potential consequences of this epidemic.
 
Findings: The authors argue that whilst the epidemic as such was unexpected, in future countries should be prepared for such stochastic events to happen. This requires a precautionary approach. When society is not prepared for such a calamity, or waits too long to implement measures to deal with it, the social and economic costs may be very high – much higher than ‘hedging bets’ and losing. The article reflects on different issues which are meant for further discussion on unpredictable future threats. One important issue is the uncertainty created by this event. This increases the likeliness that something unexpected can appear in the near future, creating the need for research and discussion on public and government responses to these events. Being aware of such challenges increases the likeliness of society and people to be prepared for such developments. It is concluded that the current crisis brings forward the question whether the current political-economic system and globalization makes future pandemics more likely, and whether a radical change towards a more locally oriented economy provides solutions that minimize the likelihood or frequency of future pandemics.
TENDÊNCIAS CLIMATOLÓGICAS PARA O MUNICÍPIO DE PARNAÍBA PIAUÍ/BRASIL
Authors: Nascimento Maria Gracelia Paiva , Lima Graziela de Araújo , Andrade Ivanilza Moreira de , Galvíncio Josiclêda Domiciano
Published: March 2020

O aumento da temperatura média do planeta poderá acarretar mudanças nos regimes das chuvas, alterar a capacidade hídrica de uma região, agravar problemas de saúde na população e causar prejuízos econômicos. Analisar locais que estão sofrendo tendência meteorológica possibilita estimar possíveis detrimentos destas alterações nas atividades socioeconômicas. Assim, investigou-se as tendências temporais em séries históricas para precipitação e temperatura média entre os anos de 1962 a 2017, para o município de Parnaíba, Piauí. Foram compilados dados de postos pluviométricos do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET) e a Agência Nacional de Águas (ANA), obtendo-se máximas anuais de precipitações e temperaturas médias, para classificação dos eventos extremos ligados a precipitação aplicou-se a técnica Quantis. As médias ao longo dos anos de 1964, 1974 e 1985 foram as mais           da série, referentes a três picos de inundação (alta precipitação). Os anos de 1988 e 1991, foram categorizados como “muito chuvoso”. Por outro lado, 1998-2017 foram os anos mais secos, apresentando os maiores números de estiagem, período esse que ocorreu o aumento de focos de queimadas no Piauí. Pode-se ultimar que as secas estão mais longas, tendo como consequência a redução hídrica, e assim que as tendências climatológicas para o município existem, sugere-se que podemos considerá-las com impactos das mudanças climáticas globais.
AIR TEMPERATURE AND RELATIVE MOISTURE OSCILLATIONS IN RECIFE – PE
Authors: De França Manoel Vieira , De Holanda Romildo Morant de Holanda , De Medeiros Raimundo Mainar
Published: March 2020

The objective of this study was to study temperature variability and relative humidity, comparing the 1962-1990 and 1991-2016 periods with the averages of 1931-2016 and 1962-2016, respectively, with the aim of quantifying climate change and identifying the influence Of large-scale El Niño events, aiming to contribute to the managers responsible for urban planning and improving the quality of life of the inhabitants and the ecosystem. Air temperature and relative humidity data provided by the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) were used. Basic statistical parameters were calculated as: mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variance, variations of annual anomalies in order to identify buoyancy in the data and the influence of extreme events. The city of Recife suffered from disorderly growth, with no specific patterns of planning in urbanization that caused variations in the microclimate of the urbis, causing thermal discomfort and reducing the quality of life of its inhabitants. There is intense flow of automotive vehicles and people throughout the day due to activities related to work, commerce and services, as well as the concentration of various buildings, waterproofed areas as well as buildings, making the local air circulation difficult. It is suggested an increase in green areas from the afforestation that has been shown as an alternative to improve the quality of life in urban spaces.
Uso das representações da luminosidade e opacidade no espaço brasileiro: implicações no discurso do desenvolvimento
Authors: Castilho Cláudio Jorge Moura de , Brandão Robson José Alves
Published: March 2020

Discute-se neste artigo o uso de representações cartográficas sobre o mundo atual, buscando criticar o simplismo da sua interpretação que leva a formulação e propagação de discursos os quais, na verdade, beneficiam mais os interesses inerentes à racionalidade economicista do que os da racionalidade ambiental. Isto para, em seguida, apresentar outra possibilidade de uso dessas representações calcando-se na complexidade do mundo. Para a realização deste trabalho, utilizamo-nos da interpretação de mapas temáticos que representariam, em princípio, o “desenvolvimento” dos espaços com base na luminosidade e opacidade que constituem a base do georreferenciamento realizado. A principal conclusão à qual se chega é que nem todos os espaços luminosos coincidem com espaços desenvolvidos, e que nem todos os espaços opacos coincidem com espaços subdesenvolvidos.
Aridy index over time in five ecosystems on semiarid
Authors: Santana Otacilio Antunes , Encinas José Imaña , Sousa Bárbara Alves de , Monte Sandra Razana Silva do , Costa Valéria Sandra de Oliveira
Published: March 2020

The local climate change was registered over time (1992-2018) on different land use ecosystems, in Brazilian Semiarid area. The aimed of this work was to analyze aridity index in five ecosystems (Wild Caatinga, Caatinga on management, Cactaceae field, Eucalyptus reforestation, and Fabaceae crop), and to compare this index with environment variables. Meteorological towers and measures with porometer and psychrometers were carried out to collect the data. The main result was that the studied areas are hotter and drier. The Fabaceae crop and Eucalyptus reforestation studied ecosystems already are on Arid classification according with registered aridity index. Wild Caatinga and Cactaceae field ecosystems are on Semiarid classification, and over time Caatinga on management ecosystem pass from Semiarid to Arid classification. The five ecosystems together are classified on Arid climate. The VPD and Ψsoil were the variables more directly proportional with Aridity index to analyzed ecosystems.
Quantification Caatinga vegetable coverage and water availability by remote sensing in the Brazilian semiarid
Authors: Silva Jhon Lennon Bezerra , Bezerra Alan Cézar , Silva Tecla Ticiane Félix , Batista Pedro Henrique Dias , Moura Geber Barbosa de Albuquerque , Lopes Pabrício Marcos Oliveira
Published: March 2020

Brazilian semiarid region is susceptible to drought events, and water scarcity is a frequent problem. Irregularities in rainfall regimes lead to conflicts over water use in these regions, as there is high demand for human consumption and agriculture. Monitoring of the water and natural resources of the semiarid region is essential. Remote sensing, in turn, is effective because it presents high applicability in the heterogeneous mapping of heterogeneous areas in a practical and low cost, both spatially and temporally. Objective was to monitor and quantify the Caatinga vegetation coverage and the water condition by remote sensing through the vegetation index of the normalized water difference. The research was developed in a region of the Brazilian semiarid, municipality of Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, in the period 2015 to 2019. The study was conducted from Landsat satellite images. Thematic maps of the terrestrial surface of the region were developed through the images processing, with application of the Surface Energy Balance Algorithms for Land (SEBAL), performing a spatial-temporal modeling to determine the vegetation index of the standardized modified water difference. The quantification and characterization of Caatinga vegetation and water bodies will be used to compare environmental monitoring studies in the semiarid region and to evaluate environmental impacts. The spatial-temporal monitoring of the vegetation index of the normalized difference of the modified water showed patterns of responses and changes of the Caatinga vegetation coverage, as well as the water availability of the region. Drought favored water scarcity, directly affecting the multiple uses of the semiarid region.
Geotechnology in the analysis of behavior spectral of natural resources in the Semiarid pernambucano
Authors: De Albuquerque Lins Leonardo Haylla Rebeka , Maciel de Oliveira Leidjane Maria , De Oliveira Estefany Ferreira , Oliveira de Almeida Débora Natália , Ribeiro de Paiva Anderson Luiz
Published: March 2020

O estudo de cobertura de solo na região selvagem do Estado de Pernambuco, através de imagens georreferenciadas bloqueadas pelo sensoriamento remoto, é uma grande observação na observação da região com variação espectral da vegetação e uso e utilização do solo. Este estudo teve como objetivo avaliar os índices NDVI (Índice de Diferença de Vegetação Normalizada) e NDWI (Índice de Diferença de Água Normalizada) nos municípios de Mirandiba, Carnaubeira da Penha e Belém do São Francisco.Foram adquiridos como imagens TM Landsat 5 da região de estudo relacionado a 9 de novembro de 2005 e para o sensor OLI Landsat 8 a dados correspondentes a 13 de novembro de 2018. Com o processamento de imagens usando o software livre QGIS, foram encontrados valores de NDVI sem intervalo de referência para valores menores de 0,10, em 0,60, NDWI entre valores de 0,20, sendo assim caracterizado na situação de solo exposto e vegetação esparsa. O mapeamento da área do rio Pajeú foi realizado na região da barragem de Serrinha, obtendo-se as respostas da variação do corpo d'água durante os 13 anos e classificação das áreas ao redor desta região usando o projeto de mapeamento Anual do Brasil Cobertura do Solo e Uso da Terra (MAPBIOMAS).Palavras-chave: vegetação, TM Landsat 5, OLI Landsat 8.
Índices de vegetação do Sensoriamento Remoto para processamento de imagens na faixa do visível (RGB)
Authors: Freire-Silva Jadson , Paz Yenê Medeiros , Lima-Silva Pedro Paulo , Pereira João Antonio dos Santos , Candeias Ana Lúcia Bezerra
Published: March 2020

É de extrema relevância entender o comportamento da vegetação para o planejamento e tomada de decisão no que se refere as áreas para plantio, uso adequado de recursos hídricos, irrigação e acompanhamento de dinâmicas vegetacionais, por exemplo. Neste sentido, o Sensoriamento Remoto (SR) vem sendo um relevante suporte para o monitoramento de ecossistemas, uma vez que se observa diversas pesquisas envolvendo a aplicação desta técnica através de diferentes algoritmos matemáticos intitulados índices. Os novos satélites, os veículos não tripulados e as câmeras de alta resolução que mantém produtos na faixa do visível (RGB) trazem novas perspectivas para a atuação do SR na vegetação, sobretudo na agricultura; assim, foi desenvolvido ao longo dos anos índices que possibilitasse a detecção da vegetação nas faixas espectrais visíveis e dessa forma, facilitando processos agropastoris, de agricultura de precisão e no barateamento do SR como um todo. Deste modo, este trabalho tem como objetivo uma revisão acerca dos índices de vegetação para o processamento na faixa RGB. A partir da revisão, verifica-se a procedência de quinze índices RGB, sendo concebidos por necessidades e equipamentos diversos, onde todos alcançam satisfatoriedade competida. Contata-se que os índices desenvolvidos melhoraram em significância as análises do SR, e que essas melhorias acarretaram novos aprendizados que contribuíram diretamente para o estudo dos ecossistemas, especialmente os ambientes vegetacionais. O dinamismo do SR o faz chamariz de inovação, em que, através das exigências e de demandas atuais, novos índices poderão ser criados contribuindo na manutenção e provimento de atividades sociais, econômicas e ecológicas.
Aplicação do modelo SWAT na estimativa da evapotranspiração na bacia hidrográfica do rio Piranhas-Açu no estado do Rio Grande do Norte
Authors: De Siqueira Mariana da Silva , Silva Madson Tavares , De Andrade Antônia Silânia , De Lima Santana Lívia , De Sousa Welinagila Grangeiro , Barbosa Rafaela Ribeiro
Published: March 2020

Uma modelagem é destacada por possibilitar a realização da predição de funcionamento de diversos sistemas naturais, incluindo bacias hidrográficas, surgindo como uma alternativa para a utilização da evapotranspiração ET. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o desempenho do modelo hidrológico SWAT ( Ferramenta de Avaliação de Solo e Água ), na simulação ET para uma bacia hidrográfica do Rio Piranhas-Açu (BHRPA), no Rio Grande do Norte, diante da ocorrência de calibração. Como obter informações para uma área de bacia usada para simulação e referência, com o uso do Modelo Digital de Elevação (MDE) disponibilizado pela EMBRAPA, dados climatológicos da Reanálise do Sistema de Previsão Climática (CFSR) disponíveis sem dados meteorológicos globais para SWAT, classes de recursos e recursos de uso e ocupação que podem ser executados a partir de Mapas de Solos e Cobertura e uso da Terra do Brasil, junto ao Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística-IBGE. Para comparar os resultados da simulação hidrológica, foi calculado como ET por meio do balanço hídrico (BH) para localizações inseridas na área de estudo. Os valores do coeficiente de Nash e Sutcliffe (NSE) são satisfatórios (0,61) a muito bom (0,82), ou o índice de desempenho (c) de bom (0,67) a muito bom (0,81) , para todas as localidades foi alcançado índice de correlação (r) forte. Os índices estatísticos EM e Pbias evidenciam subestimativas de ET simuladas em relação calculada.Verifique se o modelo SWAT usa sem calibração e mostra um bom desempenho para simulação de ET para BHRPA.
Empiric Forecasting of Dominant Modes to Summer Precipitation Anomaly of Northeast Brazil
Authors: Da Rocha Júnior Rodrigo Lins , Dos Santos Silva Fabrício Daniel , Costa Rafaela Lisboa , Gomes Heliofábio Barros
Published: March 2020

The main economic activities of the Brazilian Northeast (NEB) are affected by the region's highly variable climate, requiring research into seasonal climate forecasting. In a work we show the results obtained after analysing the relationship between the main modes of NEB rainfall variability and lagged oceanic and atmospheric variable fields, that is, preceding rainfall. Consistent relationships were found between sea surface temperature (SST) in the Equatorial Pacific, Equatorial Atlantic and South Atlantic with NEB rainfall. Rossby wave patterns over the North Pacific that propagate from west to east to the Intertropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ), Walker Cell and Upper Bolivia have also been identified. In this research, the main objective was to identify the physical basis for the construction of linear regression models capable of predicting seasonal summer rainfall in the NEB, from the relationships between predictor-predictor. The adjusted regression model performed well between simulations and observations based on validation metrics and can be reliably indicated for operational climate forecasting systems.
O conflito entre a expansão urbana e o uso da água subterrânea
Authors: De Oliveira Jefferson Nascimento , Bega João Miguel Merces , Andreetta Arthur Bucciarelli , Tokuda Eduarda Noriko
Published: March 2020

A matriz aquática subterrânea representa cerca de 70% da captação para suprir o sistema de abastecimento de água no município de São José do Rio Preto. Salienta-se que estudos realizados em 2002 mostraram uma taxa de decaimento da superfície potenciométrica do aquífero Bauru igual a 0,15 m/ano. Para 2012, esse valor passou a ser de 0,47 m/ano. Reflexos desta piora nos níveis freáticos estão relacionados com o crescimento da malha urbana, ligado ao aumento da explotação, e às mudanças climáticas verificadas ao longo dos últimos anos. Diante do exposto, este trabalho objetivou avaliar o cenário atual quanto aos processos de urbanização e a mudança no regime pluviométrico, de forma a elucidar algumas indagações no que se refere aos sistemas aquíferos da cidade. Para tanto, a área urbana foi quantificada e os poços foram inseridos no software ArcGis 10, com informações retiradas da base de dados do SIAGAS. Encontrou-se um elevado crescimento periférico, onde se optou por trabalhar com a região que apresentou a maior expansão. Da comparação entre os anos de 2002 e 2019, a área urbana do município teve um aumento de 76%, sendo que, na região periférica estudada, foi observado um acréscimo de 697%. No ano de 2014, as precipitações atingiram níveis muito baixos, confrontando com os anos anteriores, em detrimento da crise hídrica. Além do mais, as alturas pluviométricas vêm diminuindo ao longo dos anos. Por fim, o número de outorgas de poços vem aumento, enquanto a disponibilidade hídrica tem diminuído. Assim, o sistema que já se encontra carente pode entrar em colapso em um futuro muito próximo, comprometendo a oferta de água em São José do Rio Preto.