bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of enzymatic and agronomic characteristics and yield stability of sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes under normal conditions and water deficit stress
Authors: Zaher Najari , Esmail Nabizadeh , Heydar Azizi , Rahim Mohammadian , Hamze Hamze
Published: January 2025

This study evaluated sugar beet (Beta vulgaris L.) genotypes for quantitative and qualitative characteristics under normal and water deficit conditions. The experimental design was a split plot based on randomized complete blocks with three replications. Irrigation treatments (normal, water deficit stress) were assigned to the main plots, and 18 sugar beet genotypes were assigned to the subplots. The results showed that irrigation deficit increased the content of proline, glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and peroxidase (POX) by 57.69%, 54.78%, 50.89%, and 55.56%, and decreased root and white sugar yield by 21.35% and 11.93%, compared with normal irrigation, respectively. Under normal irrigation, genotype F-20734 produced the highest yield of white sugar, followed by genotype F-20851. However, genotype F-20851 had the maximum white sugar yield under water deficit. The results of AMMI analysis based on root yield indicate that 62.12%, 12.70%, and 2.21% of the total data variance were accounted for by the additive effects of genotype and environment and the multiplicative effect of G×E, respectively. Based on the AMMI stability value (ASV), the F-20814 genotype was recognized as a stable variety with acceptable root yield in four environments. Based on the AMMI stability value (ASV) and GGE analysis, genotype F-20814 achieved acceptable root yield and yield stability compared to other genotypes. According to the MTSI index, genotypes F-20734 and F-20851 exhibited stability across all traits and environments studied. Considering all the indicators, the F-20851 genotype can be suitable for cultivation in areas where plants face different periods and intensities of water shortage stress.
Do calcareous soils affect morphological and physiological characteristics of maize hybrids and their iron efficiency?
Authors: Thyagarajan Chitdeshwari , Rajasekaran Ravikesavan , A.P. Sivamurugan , Alagarswamy Senthil
Published: January 2025

Maize (Zea mays L.) is the third most cultivated cereal crop in the world after wheat and rice. Soil calcareousness is the key growth limiting factor causing a substantial decline in plant growth and yield in many arid and semiarid regions globally. This study aimed to understand the variability in morphological and physiological traits among maize hybrids as well as their iron (Fe) efficiency on calcareous soils. Five ruling maize hybrids [COH (M) 6, COH (M) 7, COH (M) 8, COH (M) 9 and COH (M) 10] and their six inbreds [UMI 1200, UMI 1201, UMI 1205, UMI 1210, UMI 1220, and UMI 1230] were evaluated on three calcareous soils having various free CaCO3 content (6.23 to 17.3%) with and without Fe supply. The experiment was carried out in the greenhouse of the Department of Soil Science, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, in 2019. Soil calcareousness reduced the morphological and photosynthetic parameters of all the maize hybrids, and the reduction was more in highly calcareous soils (17.3%). Significant variation in Fe efficiency among maize hybrids was observed and shows good association with physiological and photosynthetic characteristics. The maize hybrids COH (M) 6, COH (M) 8, and COH (M) 7 record higher growth attributes, photosynthetic parameters, and active Fe content with better Fe efficiency. Lower Fe efficiency was noted with inbreds UMI 1230 and UMI 1220. The study showed that maize hybrids and their inbreds were sensitive to higher soil calcareousness, but the magnitude of differences varied with genotypes.
Challenges and requirements of AI-based waste water treatment systems
Authors: Dalibard Antoine , Kriem Lukas Simon , Beckett Marc , Scherle Stephan , Yeh Yen-Cheng , Schließmann Ursula
Published: January 2025

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as a promising tool for enhancing the efficiency, accuracy, and sustainability of water treatment systems. However, integrating AI into water treatment comes with its own set of challenges, and specific requirements must be met to fully utilize the potential of these techniques. This study delves into the complexities associated with implementing AI in waste water treatment (WWT) and the necessary prerequisites for developing effective AI-based solutions. The most commonly utilized AI techniques in WWT applications fall under the umbrella of supervised Machine Learning (ML). Supervised ML models serve as excellent tools (correlation coefficient >0,8) for modeling, predicting, and optimizing WWT processes. They have a wide range of applications, including data cleansing, system design, control optimization and predictive maintenance. ML models are particularly useful in optimizing process parameters with significant energy savings achievable (up to 30 % reported in literature). The main challenges for the implementation of such models in WWT are: quality data availability, efficient data management along the data chain and the choice of appropriate ML models. These challenges are highlighted with two concrete examples in the field of water reuse for microalgae cultivation and predictive maintenance of cooling towers. These examples showcase the diverse range of potential use cases for AI and machine learning, especially in wastewater applications.
Concept study of an autonomous aerial mobile network relay for pre-hospital emergency care
Authors: Gruner Jonas , Wembers Carlos Castelar , Plattenteich Tavia , Pflughaupt Jasper , Zhavzharov Ievgen , Schildbach Georg , Rostalski Philipp
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a prototype for an aerial mobile network relay in the setting of pre-hospital emergency care. The requirements for such an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) are summarized and used to develop a hardware prototype. Gaussian processes and Bayesian optimization are implemented to find an optimal location for the aerial relay. The aerial relay enhances the network throughput by a factor of up to 7.2 in comparison to a relay on the ground. The findings show that UAV-based relays have the potential to play a vital role in emergency rescue.
An untargeted metabolomics approach to evaluate enzymatically deconjugated steroids and intact steroid conjugates in urine as diagnostic biomarkers for adrenal tumors
Authors: Vogg Nora , North Eleanor , Gessner Arne , Fels Felix , Heinrich Markus R. , Kroiss Matthias , Kurlbaum Max , Fassnacht Martin , Fromm Martin F.
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Urinary steroid profiling after hydrolysis of conjugates is an emerging tool to differentiate aggressive adrenocortical carcinomas (ACC) from benign adrenocortical adenomas (ACA). However, the shortcomings of deconjugation are the lack of standardized and fully validated hydrolysis protocols and the loss of information about the originally conjugated form of the steroids. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of the deconjugation process and investigate novel diagnostic biomarkers in urine without enzymatic hydrolysis.

Methods

24 h urine samples from 40 patients with ACC and 40 patients with ACA were analyzed by untargeted metabolomics using liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry both unmodified and after hydrolysis with arylsulfatase/glucuronidase from Helix pomatia. Both approaches were compared regarding the differentiation of ACC vs. ACA via ROC analyses and to evaluate the hydrolyzation efficiency of steroid conjugates.

Results

Steroid glucuronides were fully deconjugated, while some disulfates and all monosulfates were still largely detectable after enzymatic hydrolysis, suggesting incomplete and variable deconjugation. In unhydrolyzed urine, steroid monosulfates showed the best differentiation between ACC and ACA (highest AUC=0.983 for C21H32O6S, followed by its isomer and two isomers with the molecular formula C21H32O7S). Moreover, several disulfates were highly abundant and increased in ACC compared to ACA.

Conclusions

This work highlights the limitations of hydrolyzing steroid conjugates before analysis and shows a possible superiority of a direct analysis approach compared to a hydrolysis approach from a methodological point of view and regarding diagnostic accuracy. Several steroid conjugates were found as promising diagnostic biomarkers for differentiation between ACC and ACA.
Acrodermatitis dysmetabolica: lessons from two pediatric cases
Authors: Kahraman Ayça Burcu , Cosar Meryem Sıla , Dogan Ekrem Eren , Ünlü Yaşar , Ugur Cuneyt , Bagcı Zafer
Published: January 2025

Objectives

Acrodermatitis dysmetabolica (AD) is a dermatologic manifestation associated with inherited metabolic disorders (IMDs), distinct from acrodermatitis enteropathica, which occurs solely due to zinc deficiency.

Case presentation

This report presents two pediatric cases: a 30-month-old girl with maple syrup urine disease (MSUD) experiencing AD secondary to severe isoleucine deficiency due to a protein-restricted diet, showing improvement with dietary adjustments, and a 2.5-month-old boy infant with propionic acidemia (PA) who developed AD alongside septic shock, which progressed despite intervention.

Conclusions

These cases emphasize the importance of identifying AD in IMDs and the critical need for meticulous monitoring of amino acid levels, as deficiencies may lead to severe complications.
Adrenal gland size in fetuses with congenital heart disease
Authors: Oberste Kathleen M. , Willy Daniela , de Santis Chiara , Möllers Mareike , Schmitz Ralf , Oelmeier Kathrin
Published: January 2025

Objectives

The aim of this study was to compare the adrenal gland size of fetuses with congenital heart diseases (CHD) and normal fetuses.

Methods

In this cross-sectional prospective study we measured the fetal adrenal gland size (total width, cortex width, medulla width, adrenal gland ratio of total width divided by medulla width) in 62 fetuses with CHD and 62 gestational-age-matched controls between 20 + 0 and 39 + 3 weeks of gestation. First, we clustered three CHD subgroups: CHD group_1 with a normal outflow tract (n=7), CHD group_2 with an altered outflow tract and anterograde flow in the ascending aorta (n=39) and CHD group_3 with an altered outflow tract and retrograde flow in the ascending aorta (n=16). In a second step, we summed up all CHD cases with outflow tract anomalies to CHD group_2 + 3 (n=55). Each group was compared to their matched controls.

Results

Prenatally, fetuses affected by CHD with outflow tract alterations show an elevated adrenal gland ratio (total width/medulla width) compared to normal fetuses (p<0.001). This finding applies to both subgroups of outflow tract alterations with anterograde (p<0.001) and retrograde perfusion of the ascending aorta (p<0.001).

Conclusions

Fetuses affected by CHD with an altered outflow tract show a relatively larger cortex of the adrenal gland compared to normal fetuses. The results of this study suggest that haemodynamic changes during fetal maturation cause an elevated metabolic stress level that may be responsible for an enlarged adrenal gland ratio.
European football player valuation: integrating financial models and network theory
Authors: Cohen Albert , Risk Jimmy
Published: January 2025

This paper presents a new framework for player valuation in European football, by fusing principles from financial mathematics and network theory. The valuation model leverages a “passing matrix” to encapsulate player interactions on the field, utilizing centrality measures to quantify individual influence. Unlike traditional approaches, such as regressing on past performance-salary data, this model focuses on in-game performance as a player’s contributions evolve over time. Consequently, our model provides a dynamic and individualized framework for ascertaining a player’s fair market value. The methodology is empirically validated through a case study in European football, employing real-world match and financial data. This cross-disciplinary mechanism for player valuation adapts the effect of connecting pay with performance, first seen in Scully ((1974). Pay and performance in major league baseball. Am. Econ. Rev. 64: 915–930), to include in-game contributions as well as expected present valuation of stochastic variables.
The role of gestures in logic
Authors: Reichenberger Andrea , Lemanski Jens , Bhattacharjee Reetu
Published: January 2025

Gestures are usually regarded as a casual element of communication processes between logicians. By contrast, we aim to show that gestures have played a significant role in logic. We argue that the development of communication techniques and their standardization have led to the rise of formal notation systems commonly used in logic today. In order to substantiate this claim, the historical development of the use of gestures in (early) modern logic is investigated. This investigation uncovers exemplary communication and proof techniques that illustrate the efficacy of gestures as representational media in formal logic. Revisiting the tradition of gestures in logic offers promising paths and insights for today’s logic as a communication practice in the digital age.
Deep-subwavelength engineering of stealthy hyperuniformity
Authors: Park Jusung , Park Seungkyun , Kim Kyuho , Kwak Jeonghun , Yu Sunkyu , Park Namkyoo
Published: January 2025

Light behaviours in disordered materials have been of research interest primarily at length scales beyond or comparable to the wavelength of light, because order and disorder are often believed to be almost indistinguishable in the subwavelength regime according to effective medium theory (EMT). However, it was demonstrated that the breakdown of EMT occurs even at deep-subwavelength scales when interface phenomena, such as the Goos–Hänchen effect, dominate light flows. Here we develop the engineering of disordered multilayers at deep-subwavelength scales to achieve angle-selective manipulation of wave localization. To examine the disorder-dependent EMT breakdown, we classify the intermediate regime of microstructural phases between deep-subwavelength crystals and uncorrelated disorder through the concept of stealthy hyperuniformity (SHU). We devise material phase transitions from SHU to uncorrelated disorder for distinct angular responses of wave localization by tailoring the short-range and long-range order in SHU multilayers. The result paves the way to the realization of deep-subwavelength disordered metamaterials, bridging the fields of disordered photonics and metamaterials.
The Deer Cult and the Origin of Normativity in the Upper Paleolithic Religion
Authors: Rauer Constantin
Published: January 2025

The empirical data for an analysis of normativity in the origin of religion can be found on the one hand (since the late Middle Paleolithic) in the burials and their symbolism and on the other hand (in a more pronounced form since the Upper Paleolithic) in the religious pictorial stories of cave painting and mobile art. In principle, three forms of normativity can be distinguished. First, there are commandments and prohibitions concerning representation itself: who may be buried and who may not, what is to be depicted and what is not. Secondly, there is a rule of language of representative contents: the burials and their grave goods follow precise rules of staging (grave form, posture and orientation, symbolic language of the grave goods). The same applies to cave painting and mobile art, whose typification reveals a grammar of rules. Finally, the symbolic forms of representation can also be considered as laws for the real individual and social behaviour of people. Thus the pictorial stories of cave paintings and mobile art can be understood as a policy that regulates the moral principles of hunting ethics, cult ethics, sexual ethics and social ethics. Burials also have a normative influence on reality by defining the anthropological image of mankind. Especially on the basis of the stag symbolism this paper will attempt to establish a classification of the different areas and different forms of late Middle and Upper Paleolithic religious normativities in order to explore their structural grammatology – the rule behind the sets of rules – of this normativity. Since this is a constitution of the genealogy of normativity it might present new perceptions for the Conditio humana.
Perioperative D-dimer levels and head and neck cancer surgery: a prospective observational study
Authors: Yalçıner Başak , Koçak Özge Nur , Yalçıner Gökhan , Büyükkoç Onur , Çelik Burak , Bal Ceylan , Babademez Mehmet Ali
Published: January 2025

Objectives

D-dimer molecules are formed as a result of fibrinolysis and elevation of D-dimer levels are suggestive for thrombosis. The elevation of D-dimer levels and its correspondence with thromboembolism in orthopedic and general surgeries are well studied, but there are only a few studies in literature that investigates this issue in head and neck surgery. We aimed to investigate D-dimer levels and its course throughout the perioperative period in patients who underwent head and neck cancer surgery.

Methods

We conducted a prospective, observational study in patients who underwent neck dissection along with primary tumor resection in our otorhinolaryngology clinic between January 2022 and June 2023. D-dimer levels were measured from blood samples preoperatively and postoperatively days 0–7 and on postoperative 14th day. D-dimer levels were compared statistically.

Results

Twenty-one patients were included in the study. D-dimer values peaked on the first day then gradually decreased and reached a level slightly below 2 times of the preoperative values on the 14th day. The change in D-dimer levels between preoperative and postoperative days 1–14 was statistically significant. The difference between D-dimer levels measured on each day of the first week and levels on 14th day was found to be significant. Also, difference of D-Dimer levels between postoperative day 0 and day 7 was statistically significant.

Conclusions

The trend of D-Dimer levels following surgery in head and neck cancer patients may prove useful in clinical practice to rule out thrombotic events, in accordance with other risk factors and symptomatology.
ISTMO DE TEHUANTEPEC: POTENCIAL PRODUCTIVO DE FRIJOL (Phaseolus vulgaris L.,) PARA LA SOBERANÍA ALIMENTARIA DE UN PRODUCTO DE LA CANASTA BÁSICA MEXICANA
Authors: Moctezuma López G. , González Hernández A. , Flores García A.
Published: January 2025

El Istmo de Tehuantepec se localiza en la zona sur de la República Mexicana que comprende fundamentalmente los estados de Oaxaca y Veracruz, con una presencia fuerte de población indígena y es la parta más angosta del país entre el Golfo de México y el Océano Pacífico, lo cual convierta a esta franja como estratégica, ya que, la globalización exige cada día rutas más cortas para la comercialización de diversos productos provenientes de Europa con destino a Asía y viceversa, situación que se convierte en una oportunidad para el ferrocarril del Corredor Transistmico. Por otro lado, la producción de frijol, alimento fundamental para la población, es escasa y mediante la herramienta del potencial productivo se pueden determinar superficies a sembrar con esta leguminosa y de esta manera poder contribuir a la soberanía alimentaria del frijol y generar excedentes para alimentar municipios cercanos a la región del Istmo. La metodología que se emplea en el Laboratorio de Geomática del Centro Nacional de Investigación Disciplinaria en Conservación y Mejoramiento de Ecosistemas Forestales (Cenid Comef), perteneciente al Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias (INIFAP), se basa fundamentalmente en las variables de: i) clima con valores de temperatura máxima, media y mínima; ii) precipitación pluvial en sus rangos mínima, media y alta y iii) topografía en sus niveles altitud y pendiente. La superficie con potencial productivo alto para la siembra de frijol en el Istmo de Tehuantepec se determinó en 61,059.12 hectáreas y de manera adicional con potencial productivo medio, la cantidad de 45,065.46 hectáreas que serían suficientes para cubrir la demanda de frijol que generaría esta región con sus 10 polos de desarrollo y además se generaría un ligero excedente
TRANSIÇÃO DE UMA PAISAGEM EM RIO GRANDE/RS: DO COMERCIAL AO INDUSTRIAL (1870-1910)
Authors: Idalgo Bender Ludwig Ágatha
Published: January 2025

Este trabalho propõe uma arqueologia da paisagem da cidade do Rio Grande (Rio Grande do Sul), no período de 1870 à 1910, tomando especialmente fotografias como fonte de acesso à cultura material. Entendendo que a cidade passou por três momentos distintos: militar, comercial e industrial, aqui é tratada a transição da segunda para a terceira etapa. São aplicados neste trabalho conceitos de arqueologia da paisagem e considerados os aspectos informativos (como técnica de registro) e de expressão subjetiva da fotografia. Conta-se com apoio de jornais e relatórios da época, além da análise de 12 fotografias, para perceber a transição – as alterações sociais, econômicas, políticas e simbólicas – materializadas nas paisagens da cidade. Assim, acredita-se que o cruzamento das informações proporcione a percepção de elementos que se modificaram.
POSSIBILIDADES DE UMA ARQUEOLOGIA “SINCRÔNICA”: ENSAIO SOBRE A ARQUEOLOGIA DA “IDADE DO PLÁSTICO”
Authors: Mega Orestes Jayme , Ribeiro Wagner dos Santos , Lopes Melina Figueiredo
Published: January 2025

É crescente a demanda pela expansão dos limites epistemológicos da arqueologia. Tal expansão está ligada à necessidade de se abordar temas da atualidade através de uma perspectiva arqueológica. Desta forma, assim como novas temporalidades começam a ser abordadas, novos itens da cultura material adentram no campo de interesse dos arqueólogos. Entre estes novos elementos da cultura material estão aqueles que são produzidos de materiais plásticos. Isso faz com que algumas pesquisas em arqueologia, tais como aquelas relacionadas com a assim chamada “arqueologia do lixo”, assumam um caráter “sincrônico”, na medida em que trata de questões referentes aos dilemas vividos pelas sociedades atuais. Neste artigo exploramos estas possibilidades de se fazer uma arqueologia voltada para a cultura material e os dilemas socioambientais de nosso tempo.
PROPOSTA DO NETA À UFPEL RELATIVA ÀS LEIS 9.394/96, 10.639/03, 11.645/08, 12.711/12 E À CRIAÇÃO DA COORDENAÇÃO DE INCLUSÃO E DIÁLOGO INTERCULTURAL
Authors: Rosa Rogério Reus Gonçalves da , Altmann Lori , Eremites de Oliveira Jorge , Sanches Pedro Luís Machado , Nunes Rojane Brum , Lopes Alessandro Barbosa , Teixeira Paulo David Porto Fabres , Nobre Felipe Nunes
Published: January 2025

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APUNTES PARA EL CONOCIMIENTO DE LOS AVÁ-GUARANI O ÑANDEVA
Authors: Centurión Mereles Hugo
Published: January 2025

El propósito de este trabajo es contribuir al conocimiento dos Avá-Guaraní o Ñandeva, partiendo del mito fundacional para abarcar distintos aspectos de su singularidad, sin perder de vista lo central de su pensamiento, la búsqueda de la Tierra Sin Mal. En esta cultura centrada en la palabra, los Chamánes siguen cumpliendo un rol fundamental al ser los elegidos por los Dioses para, a través de los sueños, recibir las palabras sagradas que indican el camino verdadero, el camino de la perfección, aspiración última de todo Avá.
PRÁTICAS ECOLÓGICAS TRADICIONAIS: ONTEM E HOJE
Authors: Woortmann Ellen Fensterseifer
Published: January 2025

Aula Magna do Curso de Bacharelado em AntropologiaData: 29 de março de 2011Horário: 19h30Local: Auditório da FAUrb - Rua Benjamim Constant, 1359, Pelotas, RS.Profª Drª Ellen Fensterseifer Woortmann (UnB)Tema: "Práticas Ecológicas Tradicionais - ontem e hoje"A professora Ellen Woortmann, natural do Rio Grande do Sul, doutorou-se em Antropologia pela Universidade de Brasília, instituição em que viria a exercer as funções de coordenadora do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Antropologia, chefe do Departamento de Antropologia e diretora do Instituto de Ciências Sociais. Atualmente aposentada, coordena o Grupo de Pesquisa do CNPq "Memória e Patrimônio Alimentar: tradição e modernidade". A antropóloga Ellen Woortmann apresenta uma longa trajetória de pesquisas e, dela resultante, uma vasta obra, que há muito exerce influência na Antropologia brasileira e nos estudos rurais. Ela exerce, atualmente, a vice-presidência da Associação Brasileira de Antropologia.Link do vídeo: https://vimeo.com/99538774Senha de acesso: LEPPAIS
NO RASTRO DA TRAGÉDIA: PROJETOS DESENVOLVIMENTISTAS NA TERRA INDÍGENA WAIMIRI-ATROARI
Authors: Da Silva Filho Eduardo Gomes
Published: January 2025

Neste trabalho, eu apresento um breve resumo da implantação dos grandes projetos desenvolvimentistas na terra indígena Waimiri-Atroari. Com a análise dos agentes públicos, da ditadura civil-militar e da iniciativa privada em seu território tradicionalmente ocupado. Nessa ótica, abrimos a pesquisa para a discussão de três grandes projetos: a construção da BR 174, a ação do grupo Paranapanema, responsável pela Mineração Taboca S/A, que administra a mina de Pitinga e a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Balbina, analisando suas causas e consequências. O processo de demarcações de terras, desde a chancela do decreto de 1971, que criou a reserva indígena Waimiri-Atroari, já durante a ditadura civil-militar, até as demais demarcações, inclusive a que trata da diminuição do território indígena em 1981, também são objetos de investigação e análises, assim como, a concessão dos alvarás de autorização e funcionamento desses grandes empreendimentos.
O QUILOMBO, OS CÂNTICOS E O TAMBOR: AS MULTIVOCALIDADES DO ENSAIO DE PROMESSA DE QUICUMBI
Authors: Silveira Kusma Vinícius
Published: January 2025

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CONFLITOS ENTRE O CORPO RITUAL E O CORPO DIGITAL: NOTAS SOBRE O DOCUMENTÁRIO EXPANDIDO “MARCADORES”
Authors: Steel Roderick Peter
Published: January 2025

Esta pesquisa apresenta uma produção autoral e reflexão crítica sobre registros de experiências e relatos documentais em imagens para evidenciar como as novas tecnologias modificam a prática religiosa. Propósitos de refletir sobre imagens sagradas do candomblé quando transitam entre meios audiovisuais e seus processos. A pesquisa objetiva seguir trajetórias de registros do corpo humano em transe, por diferentes dispositivos em diversos meios eletrônicos, para reuni-los em um documentário expandido em múltiplas telas dentro de uma instalação. O estudo examina as fronteiras entre o registro documental do evento religioso e sua reconstrução dentro do espaço expositivo, criando teias de relações entre as linguagens do cinema, fotografia, artes visuais e antropologia em espaços arquitetônicos complexos para potencializar uma experiência imersiva e sensorial.
APRESENTAÇÃO
Authors: Magni Cláudia Turra , Conord Sylvaine
Published: January 2025

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TrkB Agonist (7,8-DHF)-Induced Responses in Dorsal Root Ganglia Neurons Are Decreased after Spinal Cord Injury: Implication for Peripheral Pain Mechanisms
Authors: Jang Kyeongran , Garraway Sandra M.
Published: January 2025

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin receptor kinase B (TrkB) are known to contribute to both protective and pronociceptive processes. However, their contribution to neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury (SCI) needs further investigation. In a recent study utilizing TrkBF616Amice, it was shown that systemic pharmacogenetic inhibition of TrkB signaling with 1NM-PP1 (1NMP) immediately after SCI delayed the onset of pain hypersensitivity, implicating maladaptive TrkB signaling in pain after SCI. To examine potential neural mechanisms underlying the behavioral outcome, patch-clamp recording was performed in small-diameter dissociated thoracic (T) dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons to evaluate TrkB signaling in uninjured mice and after T10 contusion SCI. Bath-applied 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (7,8-DHF), a selective TrkB agonist, induced a robust inward current in neurons from uninjured mice, which was attenuated by 1NMP treatment. SCI also decreased 7,8-DHF-induced current while increasing the latency to its peak amplitude. Western blot revealed a concomitant decrease in TrkB expression in DRGs adjacent to the spinal lesion. Analyses of cellular and membrane properties showed that SCI increased neuronal excitability, evident by an increase in resting membrane potential and the number of spiking neurons. However, SCI did not increase spontaneous firing in DRG neurons. These results suggest that SCI induced changes in TrkB activation in DRG neurons even though these alterations are likely not contributing to pain hypersensitivity by nociceptor hyperexcitability. Overall, this reveals complex interactions involving TrkB signaling and provides an opportunity to investigate other, presumably peripheral, mechanisms by which TrkB contributes to pain hypersensitivity after SCI.
Smoke
Authors: Daughtry J. Martin
Published: January 2025

The author recounts a distant memory and draws upon his reading of Dylan Robinson’s Hungry Listening to analyze issues of positionality that are embedded within it.
A rediscovered taurapa from Thomas Kendall’s 1823 Marianna consignment of whakairo rākau (Māori wood carvings)
Authors: Brown Deidre
Published: January 2025

The last unaccounted-for whakairo rākau (Māori wood carving) from an 1823 consignment of eight sent to London from the Bay of Islands by the missionary Thomas Kendall has now been located in the Museum of New Zealand Te Papa Tongarewa. The rediscovery of this taurapa (sternpost) from a waka taua (war canoe) completes research undertaken to establish the whereabouts of the consignment. The taurapa’s identification also sheds new light on the role of Tungaroa, a high-born woman from Rangihoua, as the probable interpreter of the whakairo rākau for Kendall.
A Consensus-Based MULTIMOORA Framework under Probabilistic Hesitant Fuzzy Environment for Manufacturing Vendor Selection
Authors: Saha Abhijit , Rage Kiranmai , Senapati Tapan , Chatterjee Prasenjit , Zavadskas Edmundas Kazimieras , Sliogerienė Jūratė
Published: January 2025

Multi-criteria group decision-making has gained considerable attention due to its ability to aggregate diverse expert opinions and establish a preference order among alternatives. While probabilistic hesitant fuzzy (PHF) sets offer increased flexibility and generality for representing criteria values compared to traditional fuzzy and hesitant fuzzy set theories, existing aggregation techniques often fail to enhance consensus among biased expert judgments. Motivated by the need for more effective consensus-based decision-making, this paper proposes a new framework that integrates PHF set theory with Aczel-Alsina weighted averaging and geometric aggregation operators. These operators, known for their flexibility and the inclusion of an adjustable parameter, are particularly well-suited for addressing real-world decision-making challenges. The framework employs a cross-entropy based model to determine criteria weights and multi-objective optimization by ratio analysis plus the full multiplicative form (MULTIMOORA) method to establish priority orders of alternatives. The proposed framework is demonstrated through a case study on manufacturing outsourcing vendor selection. The results show that Bertrandt is the most suitable vendor, with a score of 0.2390, and resources consumption is identified as the most critical criterion, with a weight of 0.20. To validate the robustness of the proposed framework, sensitivity and comparison analyses have also been conducted.
New distribution record of Hipposideros grandis G.M. Allen, 1936, Grand Leaf-nosed Bat (Chiroptera, Hipposideridae), from Bangladesh based on morphometric and molecular evidence
Authors: Hasan Md. Kamrul , Datta Ashis Kumar , Saha Anik , Begum Sajeda
Published: January 2025

We confirm the presence of Hipposideros grandis G.M. Allen, 1936 from Baraiyadhala National Park, Bangladesh. The identification was based on morphometric attributes of two captured individuals and sequencing of the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene. The roosting habitat was chiefly degraded mixed evergreen forests characterized by steep and undulating terrain with many waterfalls and hilly streams. Our new record in Bangladesh extends the westernmost known range of H. grandis. The ecology of this bat species should be studied, as very little is known about it.
Islamic Equity Financing as an Alternative of Capital Structure to Improve Business Performance
Authors: Wicaksono Rianto Anugerah , Syihabuddin Atok , Salleh Ahmad Dahlan
Published: January 2025

Capital structure plays a crucial role in determining business performance, particularly in financial terms. Previous studies have consistently shown that the financing choices comprising the capital structure significantly influence business outcomes. Researchers have often employed theories such as the pecking order theory and the trade-off theory to explain how companies prioritize their sources of financing based on cost and availability. The article aims to review the existing literature on capital structure choices, including accounts payable, debt financing, equity financing, and internal financing, and their impact on business performance. the article also aims to know developments in the use of Islamic equity financing based on previous studies. The method used in this article is a literature study using secondary data. the data obtained by the author are articles in the Scopus database. The articles that become the author's data are articles related to the topics of Capital Structure, Equity Financing and mushārakah. Conclusion, the complexity of financing model development and risk mitigation in equity financing signals future research directions. Understanding these dynamics is critical to optimizing capital structure decisions and ultimately improving business performance across sectors.
Poverty Alleviation and Socio-Economic Improvement in Indonesia's Economic Development Plan
Authors: A'yunina Qurotu , Himmati Risdiana
Published: January 2025

Indonesia's economic development can be successful if one of the problems can be resolved, such as poverty and economic inequality. This study aims to determine the long-term and short-term effects of school enrolment rates, infant mortality rates, unemployment rates, human development index and Gini ratio on Indonesia's per capita income. This research uses a quantitative approach with associative research type. The research data used by the author is secondary data with a research sample in the period 1993-2022. Data processing uses Error Correction Model (ECM) analysis with Eviews 13. The results showed that there is a long-term effect of school enrolment rates, infant mortality rates and unemployment rates on per capita income in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the human development index and Gini ratio have no long-term influence on Indonesia's per capita income. Furthermore, there is a short-term effect of unemployment rate and human development index on per capita income in Indonesia. Meanwhile, the school enrolment rate, infant mortality rate and Gini ratio have no short-term influence on Indonesia's per capita income.
Opportunities for the Application of Zakat as a Deduction for Individual Taxable Income as an Alternative Fiscal Policy in Indonesia
Authors: Fuhairah Muhammad Tiar Fuhairah , Herianingrum Sri
Published: January 2025

This research aims to determine the application of zakat as a substitute instrument for reducing the personal tax subject to national tax and to determine the opportunities if zakat is applied as a reduction in personal taxable income as an alternative fiscal policy in Indonesia. The design of this study uses a descriptive qualitative method through library research. Sources are taken from various references related to the problem topic, namely from agency records, journals, laws, and so on related to the potential for zakat in Indonesian society and how the process when zakat is applied as a reduction in personal taxable income as an alternative fiscal policy in Indonesia. The study results show that the potential for implementing zakat as a tax deduction is quite significant because Muslims are the majority in Indonesia, with a total percentage of Muslim society of 87.02% who can pay zakat and taxes without being burdened by both. The growth of zakat during the 2018-2022 period, which was around 30.02%, shows a significant opportunity to increase state revenue through more effective zakat management so that it becomes an alternative fiscal policy in Indonesia.
 
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan jika zakat sebagai instrumen pengganti pengurang pajak orang pribadi yang kena wajib pajak secara nasional dan untuk mengetahui peluang jika diterapkan zakat sebagai pengurang penghasilan kena pajak orang pribadi sebagai alternatif kebijakan fiskal di Indonesia. Desain penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif, melalui studi perpustakaan (Library research). Sumber diambil dari berbagai referensi yang berkaitan dengan topik masalahnya yaitu dari catatan instansi, jurnal, undang-undang dan sebagainya. Hasil penelitian ini adalah peluang penerapan zakat sebagai pengurang penghasilan kena pajak orang pribadi sebagai kebajikan fiskal di Indonesia cukup besar dan menjanjikan untuk diterapkan di Indonesia karena kekuatan pemerintah dalam mengendalikan perputaran uang melalui departemen keuangan akan semakin meningkat karena ada pemasukan dari pajak dan zakat.
Orphanages and Health and Social Care for Children During the Great Patriotic War and Post-War Decade (1941–1956)
Authors: Sher Stella A. , Albitskiy Valery Yu.
Published: January 2025

This article presents the results of historical and medical study based on archival and literary sources. It demonstrates the state of orphanages and health and social care for children who were in hard times and socially dangerous situations during the Great Patriotic War and post-war decade (1941–1956).
CHARGE Syndrome from Pediatric Endocrinologist Perspective: Clinical Case
Authors: Kokoreva Kristina D. , Volevodz Natalia N.
Published: January 2025

Background. CHARGE syndrome is an autosomal dominant disease with population frequency of 1 case per 8500–15,000 newborns. The cause of this disease is nucleotide changes in the CHD7 gene. The “major” criteria for the syndrome are eye coloboma, choanal atresia or stenosis, midline defects (cleft lip and/or palate), and congenital malformations of outer, middle, and inner ear. CHARGE syndrome is characterized by significant clinical polymorphism complicating its diagnosis. Clinical case description. The boy, 5 years old, has been referred to endocrinologist due to unilateral cryptorchidism since birth. We have revealed face asymmetry, auricles abnormalities, hypoplastic scrotum and absence of one testicle in the scrotum during examination. Retinal coloboma, bilateral hearing loss, operated cleft lip and palate, difficulties with feeding, chewing, and swallowing, mental retardation and facial paralysis were also noted. CHARGE syndrome was clinically diagnosed, and later it was confirmed by molecular genetic testing: previously described pathogenic heterozygous nucleotide variant chr8:60838202C>T (HG38) in exon 19 of the CHD7 gene was revealed. Conclusion.  Manifestations of CHARGE syndrome vary from patient to patient, thus, molecular genetic confirmation of the diagnosis is crucial. Patients with CHARGE syndrome require follow-up by multi-disciplinary team, and the endocrinologist is usually admitted with complaints on growth retardation, delayed puberty, cryptorchidism and hypoplastic external genitalia. It is possible to suspect hypogonadotropic hypogonadism in a boy with CHARGE syndrome at pre-pubertal age in case of its combination with one- or bilateral cryptorchidism, hypoplastic external genitalia and low inhibin B level.
The Power of Care: Reply to Sliwa
Authors: Morgan Daniel
Published: January 2025

Nina Simone sang: "I’m just a soul whose intentions are good." Paulina Sliwa (2019) defends a subtle, worked out picture on which Simone’s excuse turns out to be the basic form of an excuse. But good intention is a straitjacket that most excuses resist. There are cases where someone has an excuse, and the intention they have is just neutral. There are cases where someone has an excuse, and the intention they have is actually bad. In both sorts of case, the agent’s excuse must consist in something other than a good intention. I argue that it consists in their caring as they ought. The basic form of an excuse is "She cared; her heart was in the right place."
Traditional Perception of Disease
Authors: Rankoana Sejabaledi Agnes
Published: January 2025

An outstanding element of traditional medicine is the conception of disease by its practitioners and recipients. This study presents the perceptions of disease held by the members of four Bapedi communities located in the Limpopo Province of South Africa. The data is derived from a doctoral thesis on indigenous primary healthcare practices. Results indicate that disease is conceptualised as a physiological anomaly presenting itself through a range of symptoms including compromised visual and auditory functions, decreased physical mobility, depressive and stressful states, rising body temperature, and diminished emotional well-being. This conceptualization of disease should serve as the foundation for delivering appropriate healthcare that aligns with patients' comprehension of their diseases.
Household level health promotion strategies: A primary health care approach
Authors: Rankoana Sejabaledi Agnes
Published: January 2025

Health promotion enables the attainment of optimal health and development for individuals, families, households, and communities. The objective of this study is to elucidate health promotion practices implemented within households, wherein health education is integrated with the cultural values imparted to children during their formative years. The study reveals that regular cleanliness practices as a significant health promotion strategy that individuals acquire in their households to enhance overall health and well-being. Engaging in routine hygiene practises, such as maintaining cleanliness in both indoor and outdoor environments, bathing regularly, and practising proper handwashing, is widely seen as beneficial for maintaining good health. Conversely, the disregard for these practices might increase the likelihood of experiencing negative health outcomes. Hygiene serves as the fundamental basis for promoting a state of well-being, as it empowers individuals, households, and communities to attain optimal levels of healthcare within their living environments. These findings possess potential utility in the development of programmes aimed at enhancing household cleanliness practices, thus facilitating health promotion within households.
Unraveling the Psyche: Historical Milestones in Psychiatry
Authors: Eskandar Kirolos , Abbas Samer
Published: January 2025

The field of psychiatry has undergone profound transformations from ancient times to the present day, reflecting the evolving understanding of mental illnesses. This literature review, titled "Unraveling the Psyche: Historical Milestones in Psychiatry," examines pivotal developments that have shaped psychiatric practice and theory. Starting with ancient and medieval aspects, we trace the shift towards scientific approaches in the 17th to 19th centuries, the revolutionary impact of psychoanalysis in the early 20th century, the rise of psychopharmacology in the mid-20th century, and contemporary advancements and challenges in this field. Through this historical lens, we gain insights into the dynamic and multifaceted nature of psychiatry, underscoring the ongoing quest to unravel the complexities of the human mind.
History of ether anesthesia in dentistry
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judit
Published: January 2025

Throughout the history of surgical procedures, a variety of compounds and methods—topical, local, and inhalation anaesthetics—have been used to reduce pain, including dental pain. However, the most significant milestone in this history occurred on October 16, 1846, when the first public demonstration of ether anaesthesia was performed at Massachusetts General Hospital.
History of the MRI in dentistry
Authors: Forrai Judit , Spielman Andrew I.
Published: January 2025

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is highly effective for assessing soft tissues and identifying conditions such as temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders. MRI allows for a more precise differentiation between benign and malignant lesions, providing valuable insights into the health and pathology of soft tissues.
History of gingivectomy
Authors: Forrai Judit , Spielman Andrew I.
Published: January 2025

Periodontal disease is one of the oldest conditions affecting teeth. Understanding, diagnosing and treating it took centuries. One form of treatment, surgical reduction of the gingival pocket, gingivectomy, evolved over the past one hundred years. Currently, surgery is being replaced by more conservative, personalized and regenerative methods for the treatment of periodontal disease.
History of the dental spittoon
Authors: Judit Forrai , Spielman Andrew I.
Published: January 2025

The dental spittoon was initially only a separate floor container, but as the dental unit became more elaborate and integrated it became part of the water system that included a water jet, air stream, suction and saliva ejector.
History of the dental bur used in drilling
Authors: Spielman Andrew I. , Forrai Judit
Published: January 2025

Rotating sharp tools to create a hole in skull bone goes back to the Late Neolithic ages, 7000 B.C.E., and was widely used in ancient civilizations.
Parques Urbanos em Belém
Authors: Santos Odair José Oliveira dos , Soares Meire Sueli Vieira , Reis Alexandre , Monteiro Kleberson Silva , Oliveira Rita Denize de
Published: January 2025

The city of Belém is currently experiencing rapid urban occupation and a large part of its vegetation cover is gradually being occupied by paved roads, rivers channeled through large macro-drainage projects, and clusters of residences, making temperatures increasingly higher in the urban center, compromising thermal comfort. In this sense, the objective of the research is to investigate, through the theoretical framework and on-site technical visit, the role of urban parks as areas of high hydroclimatic and botanical function, such as the Rodrigues Alves Botanical Garden and the Emílio Goeldi Museum of Pará. The main results identified both parks as symbols of the relationship of the people of Pará with nature, with botanical species of immense representation, including species representative of the Terra Firme, Várzea and Igapó Forests, such as Açai, Ingá, Andiroba, Copaíba and Vitória Régia. Furthermore, the urban center is almost 100% waterproofed, so the parks are important rainwater sinks, recharging the water table in the topographically privileged areas of the city, a runoff effect. Regarding the scientific and cultural role of the two parks, the Rodrigues Alves Park stands out for selling handicrafts and food to visitors and for school visits. On the other hand, the Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi offers an appropriation of scientific knowledge in archaeology, paleontology and zoology produced by researchers linked to the institution, transformed into entertainment, through exhibitions such as living fossils that combine technology such as artificial intelligence and the dissemination of science in an efficient manner.