bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Solusi Metrik Kerr-Newman Untuk Dimensi Ruang-waktu 3+1 Dengan Invariansi Rotasi Anisotropik
Authors: Zulfa Iqbal Lafifa , Alamsyah Rangga Prasetya , Fitriani Arine
Published: December 2020

Metrik Kerr-Newman merupakan solusi umum dari persamaan medan Einstein dengan mengasumsikan metrik ruang waktu melengkung akibat keberadaan objek masif bermassa dan bermuatan, serta memiliki simetri anisotropik akibat  rotasi. Metrik Kerr-Newman untuk dimensi ruang-waktu 3+1 diformulasikan pertama kali oleh Ezra Newman.  Algoritma umum untuk memformulasikan metrik ini yaitu dengan menggunakan persamaan medan Einstein secara  eksplisit, yang meliputi kalkulasi koneksi affine, tensor Ricci hingga tensor energi-momentum. Dimana, formulasi ini  tidaklah sederhana. Untuk menyederhanakan formulasi metrik Kerr-Newman untuk dimensi ruang-waktu 3+1, pada  artikel ini dilakukan formulasi dengan algoritma alternatif tanpa menggunakan persamaan medan Einstein secara  eksplisit. Kemudian, karena algoritma alternatif ini tidak menggunakan persamaan medan Einstein secara eksplisit  dan supaya memperoleh solusi metrik Kerr-Newman secara utuh, maka digunakan prinsip limitasi properti metrik  Kerr-Newman untuk membawa persamaan medan Einstein secara implisit. Berdasarkan prinsip limitasi  properti metrik Kerr-Newman, dilakukan rekayasa matematis atas fungsi temporal serta fungsi radial dari metrik  Reissner-Nordstrom dan metrik ruang-waktu datar dari sistem simetri anisotropik akibat rotasi, yang diturunkan dari  transformasi koordinat elipsoid oblate. Dan meski formalisme dengan algoritma alternatif ini relatif sederhana, solusi  metrik Kerr-Newman untuk dimensi ruang-waktu 3+1 pada artikel ini serupa dengan hasil formalisme dengan algoritma umum.
STUDENTS’ METACOGNITIVE AND CRITICAL THINKING SKILLS IN THERMOCHEMISTRY
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Yusnaeni Yusnaeni
Published: December 2020

Metacognitive is the ability to control cognitive aspects, while critical thinking is the ability to think rationally and clearly in understanding the logical connections between various ideas. Both are necessary in 21st -century education. This study aims to analyze students' metacognitive and their critical thinking skills in thermochemistry material and the correlation of metacognitive with critical thinking. The population was the third-grade private high school students consisted of four schools. Each school was randomly selected by one class as a sample, with a total sample of 150 students. Metacognitive skills instrument is an integrated essay test of metacognitive skills and critical thinking. The results showed that most of the students' metacognitive skills in the developing category (51.67%), most of the students' critical thinking skills in the sufficient category (65.33%), the students' metacognitive and critical thinking skill are positively correlated. The contribution of metacognitive abilities to critical thinking is at 72.0%. The results indicate that students' metacognitive and critical thinking skills need to be empowered to improving the quality of learning.
USE OF 3D-VISUALIZATION MEDIA IN NUCLEOPHILIC SUBSTITUTION REACTION MATERIAL TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CONCEPT MASTERY
Authors: Adiska Dessi Nur , Liliasari Liliasari , Musthapa Iqbal
Published: December 2020

Development of technology is increasingly rapid today, including in the field of education. Technological developments are sometimes not used properly in the learning process, so that students not actively studying in class. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of using 3D visualization media on nucleophilic substitution reaction material to improve students' concept mastery. Research method used was a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test design, involved 68 students from two different universities in West Java. The test instrument to measure concept mastery consisted of nine reasoned multiple-choice questions. The results showed that the use of 3D visualization media in nucleophilic substitution reaction materials can improve students' mastery of concepts. Based on the N-gain calculation results, University A was better than University B except for the indicators of determining that obtained a medium category and sorting that obtained a low category. There were four indicators of concept mastery used, including determining, analyzing, linking, and sorting indicators.
ЗЕРНО ГОЛОЗЕРНОГО ВІВСА ТА ГОЛОЗЕРНОГО ЯЧМЕНЮ. ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЧНИХ ВЛАСТИВОСТЕЙ ЗЕРНА
Authors: Соц Сергій Михайлович , Чумаченко Юрій Дмитрович , Кустов Ігор Олександрович , Кузьменко Юлія Яковлівна
Published: December 2020

Розглянуто основні переваги голозерного зерна над традиційними формами, що обумовлює перегляд та наукове обґрунтування структури, режимів, технологічного процесу з розширенням асортименту та можливістю виробництва продуктів з підвищеною харчовою цінністю. Предметом дослідження є зразки зерна голозерного ячменю сорту «Ахіллес» та голозерного вівса сортів «Саломон» і «Самуель» 2017-2018 року. Якість зерна голозерного вівса і продуктів його переробки оцінювали хімічними, біохімічними та фізико-технологічними показниками.
В ході досліджень визначали найбільш вагомі для круп’яної промисловості та виробництва високоякісних харчових продуктів показники – геометричні характеристики, вирівняність, вміст дрібного зерна, натуру, масу 1000 зерен, плівчастість, масову частка білка,  жиру, крохмалю, мінеральних речовин тощо. Результати досліджень порівнювали із даними, які було отримано при попередніх дослідженнях, що дозволить в подальшому розширити існуючу класифікацію зерна ячменю та вівса саме як харчового зерна.
СИРОВИНА РОСЛИННОГО ПОХОДЖЕННЯ ДЛЯ ВИРОБНИЦТВА ПРОДУКТІВ ДИТЯЧОГО ХАРЧУВАННЯ ФУНКЦІОНАЛЬНОГО ПРИЗНАЧЕННЯ
Authors: Мазуренко Ігор Костянтинович , Li Yunbo , Shao Zhengzheng , Мельник Оксана Юріївна , Палвашова Ганна Ігорівна
Published: December 2020

Досліджено фізико-хімічний склад та показники якості сировини рослинного походження, яка традиційно вирощується в Україні та Китаї. Результати досліджень увійдуть у дорожню карту комплексної програми створення гнучких технологій та асортименту продуктів функціонального призначення, тривалого зберігання для  дітей різних вікових груп.
Caesar Constantius Gallus (351–354 AD) and His Military Policy at the Near East Provinces of the Late Roman Empire
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Mekhamadiev Evgenii A.
Published: December 2020

The paper addresses the military-administrative activities of Constantius Gallus, a nephew of Emperor Constantius II (337–361), who administered the Late Roman Empire’s eastern provinces from 351 to 354 on behalf of Constantius II, holding the title of caesar. Constantius Gallus’ military policies in the east has been studied against the background of Greek and Latin sources along with the Talmudic texts written in Hebrew (in translations into modern Western European languages). This paper is aimed at the analysis of the main directions of Constantius Gallus’ military policy and his reform of the command structure of the troops stationed in the Roman provinces in the Near East in the period in question. This study allowed the author to clarify Constantius Gallus’ contribution to the general development of the Late Roman military organization in the eastern provinces of the Empire. The author has researched Constantius Gallus’ military polices by three topics: the struggle against the Persians in Syria and Mesopotamia; the military campaign against the rebellious Jews in Palestine; and the struggle against the Arab invaders into Arabia Petraea in 353. The research of these issues allows the author to conclude that, in his works, Constantius Gallus followed the separation of powers principle: he did not command the troops, neither he personally conducted military operations or interfered into the course of combat operations. He followed a simpler task of creating the mechanisms providing coordinated relations between commanders of expeditionary and frontier troops, coordinating joint actions of the commanders, and keeping conditions for effective collaboration of different kinds of troops.
Caliph Al-Mu‘tasim’s Expedition against Amorion in 838 AD: The Chronology Reconsidered
Authors:   Sevastopol State University, Kuzenkov Pavel V.
Published: December 2020

This research offers a detailed reconstruction of one of the most famous episodes of Byzantine-Arab relations in the ninth century, the victorious campaign of the Abbasid army led by Caliph al-Mu‘tasim deep into the territory of Byzantium in 838 AD, which ended with the defeat of the army of Emperor Theophilos and the destruction of two most important fortresses in Asia Minor, Ankyra and Amorion, the native place of the ruling dynasty. The accounts of the circumstances and the route of this expedition kept by Arab, Syrian, and Greek sources make it possible to build a detailed chronological map of this military campaign with the use of new methodology created for the project of the comprehensive database of events of Byzantine history. The bringing together chronological and topographic indications of all available sources made it possible not only to make a complete reconstruction of the military operations, but also to revise the date of one of the most important events in the ninth-century history of Byzantium, the battle of Anzen at Dazimon plain, when the Arab-Turkic-Armenian army commanded by Afshin inflicted a crushing defeat on the Byzantine army of Emperor Theophilus, which included the Persian detachments of the ex-Khurramites of Babek. Taking the data in possession into account, there are reasons to date the battle to July 4th, 838 AD. It is proposed to correlate the previously accepted date indicated by at-Tabari, July 22nd, with another key event of the 838 campaign, the destruction of Ankyra. In addition, a comprehensive analysis of the sources makes it possible to clarify the chronology and circumstances of the fall of Amorion, which surrender to the Arabs was resulted by an ethno-religious conflict.
Aims of the Byzantine Attack on Gallipoli in 1410
Authors:   Ural Federal University, Pashkin Nikolai G.
Published: December 2020

This research suggests an interpretation of the reasons behind the Byzantine attack on the Turkish fort of Gallipoli in spring 1410. The citadel that controlled Dardanelles was attacked by a squadron of eight ships. This operation is considered not successful. However, there are reasons to consider that initially Greeks did not plan to take the town. The search for the proofs should be in the sphere of international relations. In the period in question, the Byzantine policy was influenced by contradictions between Venice and Hungarian king Sigismund of Luxembourg concerning Dalmatia. Their interests were also connected with Gallipoli, so the question of the status of the fort could only aggravate their relations. The incipient conflict was dangerous for Byzantium. The Turkish factor was also important in this conflict: one more time, it turned against Byzantium and did not allow it to maintain the peace with the Ottomans concluded in 1403. The Byzantine emperor’s reaction to the crisis can be considered as an attempt of meditation by renewal of the treaty with the Turks, with participation of Western states. The main problem was king Sigismund’s position: a contact with him became necessary. In spring 1410, Byzantine diplomats along with the Pope prepared conditions for the meeting with the Hungarian ambassador in Italy. However, Sigismund’s desirable reaction followed just after the Byzantine attack on Gallipoli. From the analysis of the facts and chronology, there are reasons to conclude that the military operation in question was planned specifically to provoke the king to negotiations, which took place in Bologna in June of the same year.
Red Slip Beaker with a Relief Ornamentation from the Eastern Black Sea Area
Authors:   State Historical and Archaeological Museum Preserve of Tauric Chersonese, Nessel’ Viktoriia A.
Published: December 2020

From 2014 on, the archaeological excavations of the Roman fort of Apsaros (Gonio, eastern Black Sea area) concentrated in the central area of early buildings, where a large architectural complex from the second half of the first to the first half of the secondcenturies AD was located. This structure probably was a praitorion, the residence of the garrison commander. There was an ancient looters’ pit discovered in one room; it appeared in relation to the construction works in the fort in the late second or early third century AD. The most outstanding find from this pit is a fragmented red slip beaker featuring a relief ornamentation. The beaker comprised an elongated conical body survived to the height of 8.8 cm and a ring-foot measuring 3.8 cm in diameter. The outer side of the vessel is ornamented with two rows of impressed ovals arranged as a chess-board pattern and divided by shallow incised horizontal lines. The vessel is unevenly fired: the clay is bright orange at the top and gray at the bottom. Bright orange slip covers the top of the beaker. No direct analogies to this find are known so far. The red slip beakers of a different shape and vase-like vessels with typical ornamentation of impressed ovals occurred among the products of the workshops from the second to fourth century AD located in northern Bulgaria. Similar vessels, also locally produced, appeared on the sites from the Roman period in the south-western Romania. It is considered that such vessels imitated the glass ware which existed in the same period. Although tumblers and beakers with oval designs on the walls were among the most widespread types of glass ware in Eastern and Northern Europe in the late third and early fourth century, their shape could not be considered the complete parallel to the find under study. The closest similarity appeared among the glass ware from the last quarter of the first to the second half of the second centuries AD, particularly conic beakers with a disc-foot ornamented with elongated ovals. The beaker discovered in Gonio probably dates from a similar period. The quality of the slip and the method of its application indicate that this vessel was possibly produced in the Black Sea area.
Images of Cities on the Nomismata of the Principality of Epiros from the First Half of the Thirteenth Century
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Denisov Sergei A.
Published: December 2020

This paper has analysed the images of Arta and Thessalonike on eight types of billon nomismata minted in the Principality of Epirus in 1224–1248. These images were represented separately or included into the portraits of local rulers from the Doukai family: Theodore I (1215–1230), Manuel (1230–1237), John (1237–1244), and Michael II (1237–1267). There are two types of representation of the city on the coins. The first image followed the Byzantine iconographic tradition of the eleventh and twelfth century and appeared on the coins from 1224–1244. It comprises the scene showing the heavenly patron of the community (St. Demetrios) or archangel Michael giving a Doukas the model of Thessalonike. This scene underlined the religious legitimation of the ruler’s power over the local community and implied schematic presentation of the city as a model. To the second type occurring on the nomismata from 1237–1248 features the images of urban architectural elements (gates, walls, and towers) incorporated into the ruler’s portraits or shown separately on the reverse. These images also underlined the ruler’s relation with the local community; they are typical of more detailed execution of drawing of fortifications (blocks, embrasures, and flags). The second type images appeared on the coins under the influence from iconographic samples from the Holy Roman empire caused by the political alliance between the Doukai and Friedrich II Hohenstaufen (1212–1250). Using the representation of their power as the patrons of urban communities, the Doukai gained support for their policy from the local inhabitants and used it as a support for their power and struggle for the Byzantine heritage.
New Research in the Military History of the Late Rome and early Byzantium. A review of : Mekhamadiev, E. A. (2019). A Military Organization of the Later Roman Empire in 253–353 AD: From Emperor Gallienus’ Reforms to the Age of the Tetrarchy (253–305). St. Petersburg: Peterburgskoe Vostokovedenie Publishers. 406 p.
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, Shahinyan Arsen K.
Published: December 2020

This paper states that the monograph published E. A. Mekhamadiev, a researcher from St. Petersburg, is a fundamental study of the Later Roman military organization, with especial attention to the epigraphic and papyrological accounts. The use of these sources allows the author to reconstruct the history of specific military units, their spatial movements, participation in various military campaigns and wars, and changes in their ranks. Important is that Mekhamadiev examined the internal (organizational) structure of all regional armies of the Roman empire from 253 to 305 and not restricted himself to specific and narrow aspects of history of a particular province or country. The author of the book under present review has analysed the data related to both the eastern and the western imperial provinces, discovered close interrelations of the western and eastern provinces, and indicated permanent movements of the military units from the west to east and in the opposite direction depending on the geopolitical and home political situation.
Siyasal Bir Ritüel Olarak Seçimler: Türkiye Örneği
Authors: NAR Mehmet Şükrü
Published: December 2020

Ritüel, mit, sembol vb. değerler, siyasal ve sosyal yaşamın şekillenmesinde ve sürdürülmesinde etkili olan kültürel araçlardır. Bu çalışmada, 1980’lerden günümüze kadar gelen seçim kampanyalarında kullanılan siyasal ritüellerin ve sembollerin teorik olarak analizi amaçlanmaktadır. Özellikle, seçim dönemlerinde partilerin propaganda aracı olarak öne çıkan belirli bir ritüel kalıbı içinde tekrarlanan antropolojik söylem ve temalar, kullanılan çeşitli simgeler çalışmanın ana konusunu oluşturur. Çalışmanın başlangıç aşamasının Özal dönemi ile başlanmasının sebebi, Türkiye’de liberalleşme politikalarının ve serbest piyasa ekonomisine geçişin bu dönemle ilişkilendirilmesidir. Çalışma (i) 1983-1991 dönemini kapsayan Özal (ii) 1991-2002 yılları arasında kurulan koalisyon hükümetleri (iii) 2002‘den günümüze kadar gelen AKP olmak üzere üç döneme ayrılır. Bu anlamda, Özal dönemi ile başlayan ve günümüze kadar artarak devam eden seçim kampanyaları, dönemsel olarak ayrı ayrı incelenir. Çalışmanın materyali olarak basılı bildirgeler, kitaplar, makaleler, parti liderlerinin söylemleri, sloganlar, reklam afişleri, logolar, amblemler, internet kaynakları, ulusal gazete arşivleri vb. veriler kullanılmıştır. Verilerin çözümlenmesinde betimsel ve içerik analizin temel tekniklerinden yararlanılmıştır. Her üç dönemde de siyasal partilerin, politik ritüel, simge ve mitler aracılığı ile ideolojilerini açıkladıkları ve diğer rakip aday(lar) karşısında kendilerini konumladıkları görülür. Bu anlamda ritüel, sembol, mit vb. politik-kültürel kodların, seçmenler arasında kitle bilinci sağlayarak ideolojik bir ürüne dönüştüğü ve siyaseti yeniden şekillendirdiği söylenebilir.
Comparative phraseological problems in modern linguistics
Authors: BUNYADOVA Aynur
Published: December 2020

Comparative phraseology in modern linguistics attracts attention with the introduction of new types of problems. Comparison, contrast and generalization of language units and language phenomena on the basis of linguistic facts of two languages formed a method of comparative research. The comparative study of related languages and languages of different systems on the basis of different linguistic phenomena has become an important and topical area of research in linguistics. This includes problems such as universality of phraseological phenomena, typological research issues of phraseology, the observation of hierarchical relationships within the system of phraseological units. Comparative research based on the phraseology of different languages began in the 70s of the last century and gradually became more widespread. The main part of the issues of comparative phraseology in modern linguistics is focused on what generalizations the studies lead to. The aim of this research is to investigate comparative phraseology in modern linguistics. It is concluded that The phraseology of English, in general, the most common German and Roman languages, Russian, as well as Turkish and a number of other languages, has been studied from descriptive, comparative-descriptive aspects. Addition to this, Modern comparative phraseology expects serious and accurate results from research within the field of phraseological semantics.
N.S. Tikhonov’ s role in russian-azerbaijan literary relations
Authors: KAZIMOV Kamran
Published: December 2020

In the former Soviet Union, the literature of the peoples living in the semi-colonial conditions of the allied socialist republics was always under the attention and control of the center, mainly for ideological reasons. However, as literature also developed in its natural course, the appeal of Russian-Soviet writers to the East ultimately had a progressive content and character. From this point of view, N.Tikhonov, A.Fadeyev, K.Simonov and other Russian-Soviet writers appealed to the life, history, freedom struggle of the peoples of the East, including the Middle East, and revived the theme and images of Islam, the Caucasus and Azerbaijan in their works. Showed loyalty to the traditions of his predecessors. The article examines N. Tikhonov's works written in different genres about the representatives of Azerbaijani literature. During the Soviet period, the literature of peoples living in semi-colonial societies in the Soviet Socialist Republics was always under the control of the government for the dominant ideological reasons. However, as literature develops in its natural course, the appeal of the Russian-Soviet writers to the East has eventually been of progressive content and character. From this point of view, N. Tikhonov, A. Fadeev, K. Simonov and other Russian-Soviet writers demonstrated their devotion to the traditions of their predecessors in their work, appealing to the life, history and freedom struggle of thepeoples of the East, including the Near and Middle East, reviving the themes and images of Islam, the Caucasus and Azerbaijan. In lines from poems, articles, speeches, memoirs in N. Tikhonov's book "A book of Azerbaijan" the poet’s deep love to Azerbaijan and its culture is felt. Materials without translation are taken from periodicals of our republic.
Gelişmiş ve Gelişmekte Olan G20 Ülkelerinin İnovasyon Çıktılarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin Bilgi Üretim Fonksiyonu ile Analizi
Authors: ÖZBAY Ferhat , OGUZTURK Bekir Sami , SEZGİN Aykut
Published: December 2020

İnovasyon, günümüzün en önemli politika araçlarından biridir. Bu bakımdan inovasyonu etkileyen faktörler günümüzde ön plana çıkmaktadır. Özellikle gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler için inovasyon teorik olarak aynı anlamı ifade etmesine rağmen onu etkileyen etmenler farklılık göstermektedir. Aynı zamanda dinamik bir sürece de sahip olan inovasyonu etkileyen etmenler ve çıktıları, büyük bir hızla değişmektedir. Bu bakımdan bu değişiklikler ve farklılıklar iyi gözlenmeli ve incelenmelidir. Bu çalışmada, benzer pazar büyüklüğüne sahip G20 ülkeleri ile yine G20 içinde; gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olarak sınıflandırılan ülkeler karşılaştırarak bilgi üretim fonksiyonunun farklı ülke grupları üzerinde nasıl çalıştığını araştırılmaktadır. Bu bakımdan, gerek G20 gerekse de gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olan ülkeler üzerinde inovasyon çıktısını etkileyen etmenler tartışılmıştır. Ele alınan ülkeler için 1995-2018 dönemini kapsayan panel veri analizi yöntemiyle çalışma yürütülmüştür. Panel analizi için Driscoll-Kraay ile Arellano Bond GMM yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Çalışmanın ampirik bulgularına göre, benzer pazar büyüklüğüne sahip tüm örneklem ile benzer pazar büyüklüğüne sahip fakat gelişmiş ve gelişmekte olarak sınıflandırılan ülkelerde Ar-Ge’nin patent çıktısı üzerinde pozitif bir etkiye sahip olduğu gözlenmiş ayrıca bu etkilerin ülke grubuna göre de değiştiği anlaşılmıştır. Diğer önemli bir sonuç Ar-Ge’nin yanında diğer inovasyon girdilerinin, ülkelerin gelişmişlik sınıflandırmasına göre farklı etkilere sahip olduğu da ortaya çıkmıştır. Tüm ülke grupları için farklı istihdam alanlarının inovatif çıktı üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahip olduğu görülürken; bu etkinin, ülke gruplarına göre farklılaştığı anlaşılmıştır.
Ecotourism Destination Assessment using Tourist Potential Index in Zhemgang Dzongkhag, Bhutan
Authors: Dorji Jigme , Gurung Dhan , Katel Om
Published: December 2020

Zhemgang is increasingly becoming a preferred destination for nature-based tourism with the increasing number of international visitors from 165 to 346 between 2013 and 2019. The attractions that contribute to the increasing number of visitors are 225,361.47 ha (94.17%) of area under forest cover, rich biodiversity, unexplored scenic beauty and unique Kheng culture. In the past years, five local standard hotels, five ecolodges and two homestays have added bed nights of international visitors from 420 in 2013 to 931 in 2018. This study was conducted to assessed 10 potential ecotourism destinations in Zhemgang on the basis of resource availability and preferential appeal by promoters for tourism resources using Tourist Potential Index (TPI). The TPI was found ranging between 17 and 31.75.The mean rank of the destinations varies between 1.47 and 9.47 and there is significance difference in resources appealed by the tour operators on resources availability in the destinations considered for this study; (χ2(2) = 229.07, p = 0.00). The TPI may be useful indicator in developing practical guidelines for tourism resources development in the region.
Assessment of Anthelmintic Resistance of Fasciola spp. against Flunil-L ® and Fasinash®
Authors: Dolma Sonam , Tenzin Jigme , Dorjee Jambay
Published: December 2020

Fasciolosis caused by Fasciola spp. is recognized to be one of the major problems affecting health and productivity of cattle in Bhutan. Various anthelmintic drugs are used to treat and control fascioliasis in the country among which, triclabendazole and oxyclozanide are the most common ones. These drugs have been used for a very long time in the country and possibility of development of resistance to these drugs is high. Also, limited studies had been carried out to test their efficacies in the country. Therefore, this study was done to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in cattle in Maedwang gewog under Thimphu Dzongkhag and assess the status of resistance of Fasciola spp. to Fasinash® and Flunil-L® drugs. A total of 218 faecal samples were collected from cattle and subjected to parasitological test using standard sedimentation technique. The animals positive to Fasciola were treated with Fasinash® (triclabendazole bolus) and Flunil-L® (oxyclozanide+levamisole suspension). The faecal eggs were analyzed 14 days after the treatment by Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test and the efficacy was calculated. The overall prevalence of fasciolosis in the study was 32.11% with a prevalence of 28.80% in Namseling and 36.56% in Khasadrapchu. The mean faecal egg count (epg) of Fasciola spp. detected in Namseling was 0.65 ± 1.53 SD and in Khasadrapchu was 1.03 ± 2.07 SD. There was no significant difference in the mean faecal egg counts in the two chiwogs (p > .05 at 95% confidence level). The overall efficacy of Fasinash® was 86.96% and for Flunil-L ® was 91.38%. Significant difference was observed between pre-treatment and post-treatment in both the treatment groups (p < .05 at 95% confidence level). However, the study implies development of resistance of Fasciola spp. to triclabendazole in the study area.
BİREY-ÖRGÜT UYUMUNUN BAĞLAMSAL PERFORMANS ÜZERİNE ETKİSİNDE BİREY-İŞ UYUMUNUN DÜZENLEYİCİ ROLÜNÜN BELİRLENMESİNE YÖNELİK BİR ARAŞTIRMA
Authors: AKÇA Coşkun , ÖZDEMİR Halil Özcan
Published: December 2020

Bu makalenin amacı, çalışanların birey-örgüt uyumu düzeylerinin bağlamsal performanslarına etkisinde birey-iş uyumunun rolünü ortaya koymaktır. Literatür taramasında birey-örgüt uyumu ile bağlamsal performans arasındaki ilişkide birey-iş uyumunun rolüne yönelik bir araştırmaya rastlanmamıştır. Araştırma değişkenlerini ölçmek için bir anket formu oluşturulmuştur. 458 çalışandan toplanan veriler frekans analizi, güvenilirlik analizi, doğrulayıcı faktör analizi, korelasyon analizi ve hiyerarşik regresyon analizine tabi tutulmuştur. Birey-örgüt uyumunun bağlamsal performans üzerindeki etkisinde R2 değeri 0,179; birey-örgüt uyumu ve birey-iş uyumunun bağlamsal performansa etkisinde R2 değeri 0,217 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre; birey-örgüt uyumunun bağlamsal performansa etkisinde birey-iş uyumunun düzenleyici rol oynadığı tespit edilmiştir.
Yurt Dışı Eğitim ve İkinci Dil Öz-Yeterlik İnançları Ölçeği
Authors: GÜVENDİR Emre , ACAR GÜVENDİR Meltem , DÜNDAR Sinem
Published: December 2020

The aim of this study is to develop a data collection tool that will measure students' self-efficacy beliefs and expectations regarding the competencies they can achieve at the end of their language education abroad. The participants of the study include 607 university students. Data were collected during the 2018-2019 academic year. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were applied to reveal the factor structure of the scale. As a result of the exploratory factor analysis, a four-factor structure consisting of 24 items with eigenvalues greater than 1 emerged. These four factors explained 61.48% of the total variance. Factor load values of items varied between .50 and .79. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on a second study group to confirm the four-factor structure obtained from the exploratory factor analysis. The fit indices that were examined in order to display the adequacy of the model indicated a good fit. The findings obtained from this study reveal that the Study Abroad and L2 Self-Efficacy Beliefs Scale is a valid and reliable measurement tool that can be used to measure the projected self-efficacy beliefs and expectations of students who intend to attend a language course abroad.
Altıncı Sınıf Öğrencilerinin Ses ve Özellikleri Ünitesi ile İlgili Başarılarını Ölçmeye Yönelik Bir Test Geliştirme Çalışması
Authors: AKSOY Şeyma , ÖZCAN Hasan
Published: December 2020

Bu araştırmanın amacı altıncı sınıf “Ses ve Özellikleri” ünitesi kazanımlarını kapsayan bir akademik başarı testi geliştirmektir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2019–2020 eğitim öğretim yılı bahar döneminde Doğu Anadolu Bölgesinde bulunan bir ilin merkez ilçesindeki iki devlet okulunda yedinci sınıfta öğrenim gören 188 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. İki fen bilimleri alanı uzmanı ve bir fen bilimleri öğretmeninin görüşüne başvurularak ilk etapta 26 soruluk başarı testi oluşturulmuş ve testin pilot uygulaması yapılmıştır. Yapılan uygulamalar sonucunda teste 17 soruluk son hali verilmiştir. Testin son halinin uyum iyi değerleri χ2/df: 2.097, RMSEA: 0.0059, GFI: 0.937, AGFI: 0.928 ve CFI: 0.966 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Soruların faktör yükleri ise 0.340 ile 0.719 arasında değişmektedir. Testin KR-20 iç tutarlık katsayısı 0.785 ortalama madde güçlük indeksi 0.471 ve ortalama madde ayırt edicilik indeksi ise 0.562 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Yapılan analizler sonucunda geliştirilen başarı testinin geçerli ve güvenilir olduğu saptanmıştır.
Chemical and biological monitoring of water quality on a hydrographic basin in the State of Santa Catarina
Authors: Vieira Isabel Cristina Bohn , Ribeiro Eduardo Augusto Werneck
Published: December 2020

The inappropriate destination of urban effluents, deforestation along the banks of watercourses, expanding agricultural activities, as well as the lack of public management plans for the prevention and adequacy of the use of urban rivers, compromise the efficiency of basic sanitation services and consequently the health of the population. The objective of this research is to monitor the water quality of the Itajaí-Açu river, the largest watercourse in the Itajaí hydrographic basin, located in the State of Santa Catarina, based on the seasonal chemical and biological indicators, in addition to verifying the statistically significant difference between the sample points. For this purpose, five collection points were allocated along the river, for the aforementioned indicators, in the seasons, spring and summer (2019); autumn and winter (2020), totaling 80 samples. To verify the statistically significant difference between the sample points, the Statistical Software R, version 3.6.3 was used. The results pointed to the chemical and biological contamination along the entire length of the Itajaí-Açu river, regardless of the seasonal aspect. There is an urgent need to implement Municipal Basic Sanitation Plans in all the municipalities that are part of the Itajaí watershed. The absence or precariousness of a planning instrument for the provision of public sanitation services in the municipalities, in addition to violating the legal principle of human dignity of access to clean water and adequate sanitation, contributes to the increase of the environmental degradation of the territory as well as the health of its population.
Graduate Students’ Perceived Needs and Preferences for Supervisor Written Feedback for Thesis Writing
Authors: Nurie Yenus
Published: December 2020

A plethora of previous research has explored students’ preferences for written feedback from teachers to respond to students’ writing in the classroom. However, little or no research has investigated graduate students’ needs and preferences regarding written feedback provided by their supervisors in response to thesis writing. This study examined the feedback needs and preferences of EFL graduate students to the three nominated themes defining supervisor written feedback to thesis writing in this study: content, genre, and linguistic feedback to thesis writing. Data was collected from 32 master’s students from the TEFL and Media and Communications at Bahir Dar University, Ethiopia using a questionnaire and an unstructured interview. The participants’ responses were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The results indicated that both groups commonly preferred feedback on content the most. When sub-categories of this feedback were examined further, it was found that TEFL students favored gaps in theoretical understanding, but Media and Communications students preferred coverage and gaps in the literature. They also showed discrepancies regarding their preferences for part-genres in thesis writing and the various features of linguistic accuracy.  The results of this study suggest that feedback on theses should be realized in regard to the needs and preferences of graduate students. Finally, implications for further research that could shed light on the resonant understanding of feedback on thesis writing are presented.
Blended Learning: Innovative challenge faced by students at University level in Pakistan
Authors:   Assistant Professor, Faculty of Education, University of Sindh, Jamshoro/ Hyderabad,Pakistan. Tel.: 092-331-3660334, Irum Sumera
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To critically explore the perceptions of students about the problems and challenges faced by the students of Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) in the universities of Pakistan. Methods: The study was a descriptive survey with quantitative approach which measured and quantified the perceptions and problems related to blended learning approach for teaching learning education in Pakistan. Data was collected from 250 out of 666 students enrolled in the Bachelor of Education (B.Ed.) level program offered by three general public sector universities of Pakistan in the academic year 2019. To collect data, a questionnaire with a three-point Likert scale was developed with the help of literature reviewed. The data was analyzed through frequencies, percentages and diagrams. Findings: The findings of the study revealed that the majority of students had a very positive view about the blended learning but at the same time they described many problems they faced during their learning, for example, lack of proper time, no skills and support to use proper way, lack of training, and un-availability of Learning Management Software (LMS) to use technological items for learning purposes. Application: The study recommended that proper institutional policy should be formed for effective use of blended mode for learning purpose in universities; proper training and skill development programs should be organized so that teachers could be able to use and integrate technology in their teaching. Keywords: Blended learning; perception; challenges; student teachers; teacher education
Electrical Cochlear Response as an Objective Measure of Hearing Threshold and Hearing Performance Evaluation in Pediatric Cochlear Implant Users
Authors:   ,   Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana, Quintana-López A. K.
Published: December 2020

The difficulties of applying the audiometry in pediatric populations and its methodological limitations in implanted patients have spurred the development of new alternative auditory evaluation methods. This study aimed to show an objective method to estimate hearing thresholds in pediatric cochlear implanted patients through Electrical Cochlear Response (ECR) and to quantify the hearing performance by using an Auditory Skills Questionnaire (ASQ) and a Calibrated Sounds Test (CST) designed on purpose. Eighteen implanted patients, 1-6 years old underwent standard audiometry, ECR, and ASQ in two evaluation sessions T1 and T2. At T2, in addition, patients underwent CST. For patients ≤3 years old (G1), Pure Tone Averages (PTA and PTAECR)showed a statistically significant difference between them at T1 and T2. At T2 improvements in audiometric and ECR thresholds were observed (p<0.05), regarding T1. Patients older than 3 years (G2) had significantly better ASQ and CST scores. CST detection scores at 40 dBHL for groups G1 and G2, 36% and 70% respectively, showed a better relationship to ECR thresholds. The relationship observed between ECR thresholds and CST detection scores seems to confirm that ECR brings the feasibility of objective hearing threshold estimation and provides a better frequency resolution than audiometry.
Pilonoidal Sinüs Tedavisinde Modifiye Limberg Flep Uygulaması Sonuçları
Authors: KUTLUER Nizamettin , AKSOY Nurullah
Published: December 2020

Amaç: Pilonidal sinüs daha çok genç erkekleri etkileyen kronik bir hastalıktır. Konservatif tedavi yöntemleri tarif edilmiş olsa da cerrahi tedavi halen popülerdir. Özellikle flep yöntemleri en çok uygulanan yöntemlerdendir. Bu yazıda kliniğimizde uyguladığımız Modifiye Limberg Yöntemi ile tedavi ettiğimiz hastaların bulgularını literatür eşliğinde uzun dönem sonuçlarını sunmayı amaçladık.
Yöntemler: Nisan 2014 ile Ocak 2016 tarihleri arasında Modifiye Limberg Flep yöntemi ile tedavi edilen pilonidal sinüs hastaları retrospektif olarak incelendi. Hastalar yaş, cinsiyet, ameliyat süresi,komplikasyonlar, nüks ve takip süresi açısından değerlendirildi.
Bulgular: Toplam 63 hastanın 51 tanesi erkek 12 tanesi kadındı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 26,12 ± 5.45 idi.Yaş aralığı 18 ile 37 arasında değişmekteydi. Ortalama takip süresi 33.7 ± 3.2 (28-42) ay idi. İki olguda nüks saptandı. Bu oran %3.1 idi. Toplam 4 hastada komplikasyon gelişti(%6.3) . Ameliyat süresi ortalama 44.3± 9.4 (36-68 dak.).
Sonuç: Modifiye Limberg metodu, pilonoidal sinüs hastalığının cerrahi tedavisinde göz önünde bulundurulması gereken önemli bir cerrahi metoddur. Kabul edilebilir nüks ve kompilkasyon oranlarına sahiptir.
Work Performance and its Influencing Factors Among Support Staff in Hospital Mersing, Johor
Authors:   Department of Emergency Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Nik Muhamad Nik Azlan
Published: December 2020

Work performance report is a systematic and comprehensive evaluation report that quantitatively assesses the level of performance of civil servants in Malaysia. The objective of this study was to ascertain whether work performance of supporting staff in Hospital Mersing is at par with the performance of civil servants in Malaysia. Other objectives were to identify the high-performing and lowperforming members in the organisation and to determine factors affecting work performance. This study was a cross-sectional, retrospective, and used convenient sampling from secondary data in the employee service books, Human Resource Management Information System (HRMIS) information and staff medical records in 2016. The results of this study show that there was significant relationship between socio-demographic factors with work performance, which were gender, monthly income and education level. However, there was no significant relationship between ethnicity (p=0.692), age (p=0.102), marital status (p=1.000) and period of service (p=0.299). There was no significant relationship found between health factor and job factor with work performance. The outcome from this study can be used by the hospital administration and supervisors to take measures improving the level of staff work performance accordingly, which can benefit both individual and the organisation.
The Health-Related Quality of Life of Vietnamese Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors:   Faculty of Public Health, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham province, Thailand, 44150., Ke Le Nghiep
Published: December 2020

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that has serious complications including quality of life. This research analyses the health-related quality of life and the relative factors of type 2 diabetics in Tam Binh District, Vinh Long Province, Vietnam. A cross-sectional study was administered from July-August 2019 at seventeen communes in Tam Binh district. All total of 500 patients diagnosed type 2 diabetes and aged 35 years and older, comprised this investigation. The exploration questionnaire encompassed the Vietnamese Diabetes Quality of Life. Diabetics had an average age of 59.77 + 9.81 years. The health-related quality of life score was moderate at 60.15 + 21 points. The inter-personal relationship had the lowest score. However, the highest score was detected for the physical endurance. The significant differences could be distinguished at different individual components like age, marital status, location, family type, education, occupation, income, duration, glycaemia, HbA1c, hypoglycemia, alcohol-using, treatments, and other issues. The study highlighted that type 2 diabetes had a negative impact on health-related quality of life. Some patient characteristics affected Vietnamese diabetes quality of life score.
Leptospirosis with Pulseless Electrical Activity (PEA) Cardiac Arrest in Multiple Comorbid Patient
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, Mohd Saiboon Ismail
Published: December 2020

Leptospirosis is one of the endemic diseases in Malaysia. It has a broad spectrum of clinical manifestation ranging from mild illness to life-threatening illness. We report a case of 56-year-old male with multiple comorbidities, who came with history of fever, cough, abdominal pain, vomiting and diarrhea for two days. He presented to the Emergency Department (ED) unresponsive with pulseless electrical activity (PEA). He was resuscitated and achieved return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) oliguric acute kidney injury and non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). He was then admitted to intensive care unit (ICU) and treated with IV Ceftriaxone 2 g daily for 4 days then was changed to IV Ceftazidime 2 g twice per day for 1 week because of ventilator acquired pneumonia (VAP). His condition improved and was discharge home well after 18 days of admission.
ST Elevation in Lead aVR with Malperfusion Syndrome: Sign of Severe Aortic Dissection
Authors:   Department of Emergency Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Abd-Samat Azlan Helmy
Published: December 2020

Aortic dissection presenting with ST elevation in lead aVR of electrocardiogram is strongly associated with mortality. It is also associated with dissection involving the root of aorta and coronary vessels. We report a case of young male with hypertension, who presented with severe chest pain and unilateral lower limb pain. Physical examination of the left lower limb was consistent with acute limb ischemia. Electrocardiogram revealed acute anterolateral myocardial infarction together with ST elevation in aVR. Bedside transthoracic echocardiography showed a dilated aortic root measuring 4.51 cm with presence of intimal flap which raised the suspicion of dissection of root of aorta and left coronary artery. Computed tomography angiogram revealed aortic dissection from the root of aorta including the intimal flap near the origin of the left coronary artery, down to common iliac extending to the left iliac artery. Unfortunately, the patient opted for non-surgical intervention and succumbed 48 hours later. This case highlights that in case of aortic dissection, which presents with malperfusion syndrome, the presence of ST segment elevation at lead aVR should raise the suspicion for extensive aortic dissection involving the aortic root and left coronary artery which signifies unfavourable outcome
Capsular Bag Distension Syndrome Following Phacoemulsification with Implantation of Intraocular Lens
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Mohd Khialdin Safinaz
Published: December 2020

Capsular bag distension syndrome is a rare complication following phacoemulsification with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation. We describe the case of a middle-age male, who developed early onset capsular bag distension syndrome of the right eye after phacoemulsification with implantation of plate haptic posterior chamber intraocular lens (Zeiss CT ASPHINA 509MP). There was persistent poor vision during follow up at 1 week and 5 weeks post-surgery with a myopic shift of 2.5 diopters sphere (DS). The intraocular pressure was only elevated at 2 hours post-operative and was normal during the subsequent followup. Distension of capsular bag was confirmed with the IOP Master 700 which showed abnormal separation of posterior capsule from the intraocular lens. He was diagnosed with capsular bag distension syndrome secondary to retention of viscoelastic. Right eye removal of retained viscoelastic was performed and the capsular bag distension syndrome resolved successfully with best corrected visual acuity at 6/6. Hence, complete clearance of viscoelastic during phacoemulsification with plate haptic intraocular lens is important in order to prevent capsular bag distension syndrome.
Venous Stasis Retinopathy Complicating a Case of Cavernous-carotid Fistula with an Initial Normal Computed Tomography Angiogram of the Brain
Authors:   Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, 56000 Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia., Mohd Khialdin Safinaz
Published: December 2020

Carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) can be spontaneous or due to trauma. Due to its complication to the eye, diagnosis and intervention should not be delayed. We report a case of an elderly female who presented with left eye redness with gradual onset of protrusion over the same eye. She was suspected to have CCF with the clinical presentation. Nevertheless, she had a normal computed tomography angiogram of the brain. Later, she was scheduled for cerebral angiography and the diagnosis of CCF was confirmed. However, due to delay in diagnosis and treatment, the patient developed venous stasis retinopathy and neovascular glaucoma. Her vision remained poor despite aggressive systemic and ocular treatments. This case report is to emphasise the importance of clinical suspicion of a disease despite a normal imaging. This is to prevent irreversible blindness and other systemic complications.