bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
BALNEABILIDADE DAS PRAIAS DO LÁZARO, DOMINGAS DIAS E PEREQUÊ-MIRIM, MUNICÍPIO DE UBATUBA-SP, FRENTE ÀS CONDIÇÕES DOS MEIOS FÍSICOS E SOCIOAMBIENTAIS URBANAS
Authors: Bertan Lis Lakeis , Arruda Regina de Oliveira Moraes , Costa Renata Aparecida , Saad Antônio Roberto , Ferreira Anderson Targino , Hueb Patricia Bulbovas
Published: February 2024

Objetivo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar os principais fatores que afetam negativamente a balneabilidade de praias localizadas no município de Ubatuba, Litoral Norte do Estado de São Paulo.
Referencial Teórico: As condições sanitárias das areias das praias e das águas marinhas destinadas à recreação de contato primário é uma preocupação da saúde pública. Neste contexto, avaliar as condições de balneabilidade das praias, e relacioná-las com o uso do solo, os serviços oferecidos pelo poder público, como esgotamento sanitário e coleta de lixo, e a geomorfologia das praias, é de relevante importância.
Método: Para realizar o estudo foram utilizados dados da balneabilidade e dos córregos que afluem ao mar das praias do Perequê-Mirim, Lázaro e Domingas Dias, e realizada a análise da salubridade dessas praias. Mapas foram confeccionados utilizando dados do censo demográfico.
Resultados e Conclusões: Os resultados obtidos mostraram que a quantidade de domicílios, tipo de uso desses domicílios, sistema de esgotamento utilizado, condutas de gestão ambiental e as características geomorfológicas são os fatores que afetam negativamente a balneabilidade das praias estudadas.
Implicações da Pesquisa: Este estudo avança na compreensão da balneabilidade de praias de importante interesse turístico e pode auxiliar na gestão da qualidade das águas destinas a recreação de contato primário.
Originalidade da Pesquisa/Valor: Este estudo se destaca por avaliar os fatores que contribuem para a balneabilidade de praias de importante interesse turístico. Seus resultados podem auxiliar na tomada de decisões do poder público.
Controvérsias Comunicacionais na Gestão do Projeto Envira Amazônia, validado na metodologia Verified Carbon Stantard por empresa de Washington/EUA
Authors: Albuquerque Renan , Fernandes Antônio José , Busarello Flávia , Inomata Danielly , Lima Rodrigo , Gordiano Jalna , Martins Noélio , Andrade Francisco Alcicley
Published: February 2024

Objetivos: O artigo analisou metodologia e validação, “créditos fantasmas” e modelagem temporal do Envira Amazonia Project, atividade para créditos de carbono realizada de 2012 a 2022. A ação, da empresa Verra, de Washington/DC (EUA), teve operacionalidade a cerca de 40 quilômetros da sede de Feijó, no Acre, a oeste da Amazônia brasileira.
Metodologia: O pressuposto que embasou a investigação se deu conforme observações e aplicabilidades descritas por avaliação de comunicações agrupadas no entorno da área. Foi utilizada hermenêutica de profundidade, que compreende a observação do histórico de atividades da Verra a partir de visão ontológica.
Resultados e discussão: Resultados indicaram que houve falhas sistêmicas na demonstração da estratégia adequada de conservação, principalmente nos aspectos da comunicabilidade com comunidades do entorno, as quais formam o “comum” (sociedade) da área, o que tendeu a gerar fragilidades estruturais.
Conclusão: Concluiu-se, portanto, que não se mostraram dados descritos sobre medidas de proteção e monitoramento das áreas propostas, o que concorreu para dificuldades e empecilhos para que fossem alcançadas metas propostas.
Implicações: Acreditamos que a pesquisa tende a projetar implicações no que se refere a modos de comunicação junto a comunidades envolvidas direta ou indiretamente em atividades de crédito de carbono na Amazônia brasileira.
MERCADO VERDE:UMA FERRAMENTA DE RECICLAGEM E EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL
Authors: Castro Natana dos Santos , Machado Ana Lucia Soares
Published: February 2024

RESUMO
Objetivo: A proposta Mercado Verde nasceu com o objetivo de compartilhar os conhecimentos ambientais adquiridos no âmbito acadêmico com a sociedade em geral. O estudo visa desenvolver os pilares essenciais da economia verde.
Teórico referencial: Os achados teóricos referentes à economia circular são descritos por (Pearce; Turner, 1989), tratando-se da expansão insustentável causada pelos agraves da falta de conhecimento da reciclagem Zaneti e Higuchi (2019) fundamentala o investigativo. (Barbieiri, 2017; Graça, 2022; Huymajer et al ., 2022; Elkington, 2001; Pei, 2023), alicerçaram a temática do desenvolvimento sustentavél.
Método: A pesquisa reforça o desdobramento de uma metodologia quali-quantitativa. Os dados quantificados, após tratamento das informações obtidas através dos questionários nortearam as publicações da pesquisa e suas aplicações práticas através da realização do Mercado Verde.
Resultados e conclusão: A atividade em coleta de resíduos recicláveis, na comunidade ribeirinha do Catalão, na região Metropolitana de Manaus, serviu para enfatizar a importância através da coleta seletiva na transformação dos resíduos em economia sustentável dentro das conformidades da economia circular, contando com a presença de 111 comunidades na primeira ação solidária do lago do Catalão e aproximadamente 50 participantes na segunda ação realizada no IFAM-CMDI.
Implicações da pesquisa: Os encadeamentos da pesquisa, atrativos para um leque de implementações externas para a Ação solidária com ênfase ao “Mercado Verde” sua cooperação torna o lixo uma dispersão de valor.
Originalidade/valor:  A investigação é inédita homologada aos valores propostos pelos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável (ODS), elaborados pela Organização das Nações Unidas (ONU).
Palavras-chave: Economia Circular, Mercado Verde, Reciclagem.
Optimization methods for multi-criteria decisions in pharmacy
Authors: Kutova О. V. , Sahaidak-Nikitiuk R. V.
Published: February 2024

Optimization methods for multi-criteria decisions in pharmacy

In pharmaceutical technological research, the determination of the quantitative composition of granules is considered as a task of multi-criteria selection. Today, to solve this problem, the regression analysis and multi-criteria optimization methods are widely used; they are based on mathematical models obtained for the object under study.

Aim. To identify a decision-making method in a multi-criteria space that is effective for use in pharmaceutical technology research with quantitative factors.

Materials and methods. The study uses tools of the popular computer mathematics system Mathcad (MathSoft Ins., USA) to automate the solution of mathematical problems. To automatically search for the type and coefficients of regression equations, the MS Excel application was used, namely: the data analysis package (regression analysis). The MS Word processor was used to edit the code.

Results. A variety of approaches to the formalization of the multi-criteria optimization task have been studied. The optimal quantitative content of excipients when developing the granule technology has been found using two different optimization criteria, which are formed according to different methodical approaches. The method proposed does not provide for the mandatory introduction of gradation of individual criteria or their weighting factors.

Conclusions. As a result of the comparison of multi-criteria optimization methods, the effectiveness of the decision-making method in the multi-criteria space has been shown; it synthesizes a mathematical procedure related to the vector of criteria and is based on determining the ideal point and introducing the concept of a norm into the space of functionals; it has not been mathematically proven, but it is practically useful decision-making algorithm compared to the mathematical method of convolution of criteria. The optimization method proposed has advantages that are manifested in the possibility of using a relatively simple mathematical apparatus and simplified logic of obtaining a solution.
The substantiation of the role of a clinical pharmacist in preventing antibiotic resistance
Authors: Kireyev I. V. , Tsemenko K. V. , Zhabotynska N. V. , Tolmachova K. S.
Published: February 2024

Aim. To study the role of a clinical pharmacist in overcoming antibiotic resistance in healthcare institutions that provide both primary (outpatient) and specialized (inpatient) medical care.
Materials and methods. The research materials were the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine No. 1513 of 23.08.2023 “The rational use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs for therapeutic and preventive purposes”. Such methods as analysis, synthesis, grouping, formal-dogmatic, logical-semantic, ascent from abstract to concrete, historical, comparative, systematic, graphic ones were used.
Results. According to the results of the analysis of the new standard of medical care “The rational use of antibacterial and antifungal drugs for therapeutic and preventive purposes”, it can be noted that clinical pharmacists are responsible for promoting, managing and optimizing the use of antimicrobial drugs. It is the level of professional training, qualification and experience in working with infectious diseases that allow clinical pharmacists to be leaders of programs to combat antibiotic resistance.
Conclusions. According to the provisions of the Standard, the clinical pharmacist should be in close cooperation with the doctor through counseling. An important aspect of preventing complications of antibacterial pharmacotherapy and developing antibiotic resistance is a retrospective audit of antibacterial drug prescriptions performed by a clinical pharmacist. Taking into account the above, in our opinion, it will be rational to include the elements of practical training on prospective counseling and retrospective audit of the use of antibacterial agents in the working program of “Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Care” for applicants of higher education of the educational and professional program “Clinical Pharmacy”.
The Impact of Foreign Trade and Foreign Direct Investment on China's Economic Development: An Empirical Approach
Authors: SEY Nurbay
Published: February 2024

China achieved rapid economic development as a result of the reforms implemented in 1978. It is widely believed that foreign direct investments and foreign trade, which increased alongside these reforms, had a significant impact on this rapid economic progress. Consequently, this study sought to examine the effectiveness of foreign direct investments and foreign trade in facilitating China's rapid economic growth between 1978 and 2016, utilizing the SVAR method. Within the scope of the study, three variables were utilized: the growth rate, the ratio of foreign direct investments in GDP, and the ratio of foreign trade volume in GDP. In the initial part of the study, the growth process, foreign direct investments, and foreign trade of China were evaluated using graphical representations. In the following section, in the empirical part, initially crisis periods were incorporated into the model as a dummy variable in order to prevent crisis periods to affecting the results. Following this, unit root tests were conducted, and it was concluded that the series were non-stationary at the level but became stationary after taking their first differences. Therefore, in this study, the first differences of the series were utilized for analysis. In the subsequent part, autocorrelation and heteroskedasticity tests were applied to the model. The results of these tests indicated that the model is suitable for evaluation. Consequently, in the next part, the study proceeded to evaluate the impulse-response functions and variance decomposition results of the model. As a result of these analyses, it was concluded that both foreign direct investments and foreign trade, but especially foreign direct investments, have a significant impact on China's economic growth.
Domestic Plastic Waste Generation in Rural Area of Thai Do Commune, Thai Thuy District, Thai Binh Province
Authors: Thi Trung Anh Duong , Trung Thang Nguyen , Thi Ha Nguyen , Truong Huynh Nguyen
Published: February 2024

The case study was conducted to evaluate the current situation of plastic waste generation from households in Thai Do commune, Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province. The survey results show that the average plastic waste generation rate per capita in Thai Do commune is 0.04 kg/person/day. Accordingly, the total average mass of plastic waste generated in Thai Do commune is 268.4 kg/day, accounting for about 14.18% of the total mass of generated domestic solid waste. The composition of plastic waste generated in Thai Do commune is mainly plastic packaging containing/wrapping food (37%) and plastic bags with straps (29%). Domestic solid waste is classified by households into plastic recyclable waste and non-plastic recyclable wastes (such as paper, metals, etc.), the latter is typically for sale of scrap. Remaining plastic waste is collected with the rest of domestic solid waste two to three times/week, then is transported to the central waste treatment site of the commune in Tan Lap village for incineration. At the central treatment site, recyclable plastic waste continues to be classified by workers operating the treatment process. These plastic waste data will be the scientific basis to recommend approaches and solutions to reduce the plastic waste generated from the domestic solid waste in the rural area in Thai Do commune, Thai Thuy district, Thai Binh province.
Identifikasi Risiko Keselamatan Kerja Dengan Menggunakan Metoda Job Safety Analysis (JSA) Pada Rencana Proyek Perkantoran Terpadu Kota Payakumbuh
Authors: Desman Sutria , Ridha Sari  , Hanifah Hasnur
Published: February 2024

Office facilities and infrastructure are one of the main components supporting the running of government activities in an area, which aims to provide services to the community. Therefore, the Payakumbuh City Government will carry out work to build an office complex consisting of the Health Service Office, Inspectorate Office, Social Service Office and Environmental Service Office. Based on PUPR Ministerial Regulation No. 10 of 2021, it is required that before construction work is carried out, an Occupational Health and Safety study or known as Job Safety Analysis (JSA) must first be carried out. This research was conducted using a semi-qualitative method with analysis of the judgments of experts (justice professionals) which aims to transform raw data into easy-to-understand information in the form of more concise and clear information. In this research, an analysis was carried out to determine the possible risk of occupational hazards based on the frequency and severity values resulting from work, guided by PUPR Ministerial Decree No. 10 of 2021. Based on the research results, it was found that the level of potential risk of occupational accident hazards was divided into 3: major risk level, medium risk level and high level. small risk. There are 4 variables at the high risk level, 20 variables at the medium risk level and 26 variables at the small risk level. Of the three risk level categories, mitigation can be done using control methods such as substitution, elimination, engineering and administrative control methods.
Karakteristik Tanah Pada Lereng Sebagai Mitigasi Pasca Bencana Tanah Longsor (Studi Kasus: Nagari Aie Dingin, Kab. Solok, Sumatera Barat)
Authors: Ayunimas Agustina , Haryati Novy , Sonata Herix , Muchlian Meli
Published: February 2024

Bencana tanah longsor yang berada di kawasan Nagari Aia Dingin, Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti, Kabupaten Solok yang diakibatkan oleh intensitas hujan yang tinggi dan faktor lainnya diduga karena adanya aktivitas tambang di daerah tersebut yang menyebabkan kontur tanah disana menjadi labil. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu menganalisis nilai karakteristik tanah pada lereng, menganalisis nilai Faktor Keamanan (FK) lereng dan menganalisis mitigasi yang tepat terhadap bencana tanah longsor pada Nagari Aia Dingin Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti. Metode penelitian yang digunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan bahwa karakteristik tanah pada lereng tersebut termasuk jenis tanah pasir berlanau dengan gradasi buruk dan perhitungan menggunakan program Geostudio Slope/W 2012 menunjukkan nilai Faktor Keamanan (FK) dari lereng di Nagari Aia Dingin, Kecamatan Lembah Gumanti, Kabupaten Solok dengan simulasi menggunakan sudut 30°, 45°, 60°, 70° didapatkan nilai Faktor Keamanan (FK) < 1,5 lereng tersebut termasuk dalam kondisi tidak stabil. Lereng tersebut berbahaya dan dapat mengakibatkan longsor dikemudian hari. Upaya mitigasi yang dapat dilakukan yaitu mitigasi struktural dengan membuat dinding penahan tanah atau beronjong batu dan drainase pada lokasi longsor, pemetaan lereng atau melandaikan lereng yang curam dan membuat jembatan penghubung permanen. Mitigasi non-struktural dapat berupa pemberian informasi terkait dengan zona rawan tanah longsor, dilakukan sosialisasi pada beberapa lokasi yang berdampak rawan tanah longsor.
Editorial for Special Issue on ‘Advances in Econometric Modeling: Theory and Applications’
Authors: SANCHEZ GARCIA JAVIER , Mattera Raffaele
Published: February 2024

Editorial for Special Issue on ‘Advances in Econometric Modeling: Theory and Applications’
Integration of Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) Method and KANO Model to Measure Customer Satisfaction Level at Bosque Cafe Bungah Gresik
Authors: Tholhah Muhammad , Narto Narto
Published: February 2024

The Coffee Shop culinary business in the industrial era 4.0 has become a trend among young people. The existence of the Covid-19 pandemic requires people to keep their distance and limit activities outside the home is a challenge in the sustainability of this business, so that these conditions have resulted in a decrease in sales levels. Bosque Café, one of the coffee shop businesses in the city of Gresik, must create quality services to provide comfort in the midst of pandemic conditions and the high business competition of fellow coffee shops that have been getting higher recently. To attract visitors, several ways must be done, one of which is to improve the quality of service to customers. The use of the science method to map the quality of service with a cartesian diagram can find out the service priorities that must be improved and maintained. Meanwhile, the KANO model is used for improvement in accordance with the attributes that most affect the quality of service. The purpose of this study is to measure the level of customer satisfaction with the quality of service at Bosque Cafe with an IPA and KANO approach and propose improvements to attributes that affect customer satisfaction. The results of the analysis show that there are 12 service attributes that must be improved which are divided into 3 criteria, namely improving human resources, improving services by employees, improving facilities to provide a sense of security and comfort to customers.
The concept of the "long 19th century" as an ideal model for studying socio-political transformations in Indonesia at the regional level
Authors: Kyrchanoff Maksym Waler'evich
Published: February 2024

The purpose of this study is to analyze the possibility of using the concept of the “long 19th century” as an interpretative model of historical science that claims to be universal. The author analyzes the concept of the “long 19th century” proposed by Eric Hobsbawm. The subject of the article is the concept of the “long 19th century”, the object is the possibility of its application and transplantation into Indonesian historical research. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the concept of the “long 19th century” as an interpretative model that allows us to analyze the features of the historical, social and cultural development of the territories of Indonesia, reduced in this article to Aceh. It is assumed that the interpretive models proposed by Western historians have a claim to universality, although the effect of their transplantation into non-Western historical contexts may be limited. The article analyzes 1) the features of the social and economic components in the transformation of Aceh during the “long 19th century”, 2) the role of the Islam in political changes in the region is revealed, 3) the consequences of the “long 19th century” for the subsequent history of the region are studied. The article shows the potential of the concept of the “long 19th century” for analyzing the history of social and political transformations in Indonesia through the prism of regional history. The results of the study suggest that the effect of using the concept of the “long 19th century” is limited. The author believes that this interpretative model is relatively effective and useful for analyzing social and political dynamics through the prism of religious institutions as sources and incentives for change, transformation and change in a modernizing society, to which Aceh belonged during the analyzed period of history.
Realizacja założeń pozytywnej dyscypliny we współczesnej rodzinie
Authors: Witerska Kamila , Sieczka Anna
Published: February 2024

Artykuł jest próbą odpowiedzi na pytanie, jaka jest wiedza rodziców na temat pozytywnej dyscypliny jako nowej metody wychowania i czy proponowane przez pozytywną dyscyplinę techniki są stosowane we współczesnej rodzinie. Próbę odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania podjęła Anna Sieczka w ramach pracy dyplomowej w Akademii Humanistycznej w Łodzi, wydział w Sieradzu, pod kierunkiem dr Kamili Witerskiej. Pytania badawcze oscylowały wokół wiedzy i zastosowania pozytywnej dyscypliny w praktyce. Badania zostały przeprowadzone metodą sondażu diagnostycznego z wykorzystaniem ankiety, w oparciu o autorski kwestionariusz.
Przygotowanie do emerytury zadaniem współczesnej geragogiki
Authors: Woźnicka Elżbieta
Published: February 2024

Przygotowanie się do emerytury, w dobie starzejącego się społeczeństwa, staje się problemem nie tylko jednostkowym, ale również społecznym. Staje się wyzwaniem dla geragogiki, a także dla polityki społecznej państwa czy działalności samorządów. Przygotowanie osób wchodzących w „trzeci wiek” do czasu na emeryturze stwarza im szansę na aktywne przeżywanie starości oraz ułatwienie życia w starzejącym się społeczeństwie. W niniejszym artykule koncentruję się na zależności między wykonywanym zawodem a obrazem własnej starości i przygotowaniem się do niej. Artykuł jest również próbą wskazania obszarów, w jakich powinno się odbywać przygotowanie do emerytury.
Calculation of electric field when modeling of intense charged particles beams in complex 2D domains
Authors: Козырев А.Н. , Свешников В.М.
Published: February 2024

В задачах моделирования интенсивных пучков заряженных частиц, движущихся в областях со сложной конфигурацией границ, точность вычислений траекторий существенно зависит от точности расчета электрических полей. В статье представлены разработанные алгоритмы расчета напряженности электрических полей в расчетных точках траекторий на адаптивных квазиструктурированных сетках. Особое внимание уделено расчетам вблизи криволинейных границ во избежание фатальных ошибок, приводящих к оседанию пучка на стенки моделируемого прибора. Для этого предложены специальные приближающие функции, которые строятся в граничных и приграничных узлах сетки на основе метода наименьших квадратов. Рассмотрены часто встречающиеся случаи, когда на отрезках границы задаются постоянные значения потенциала или его нормальной производной, для которых разработанный подход, как показывают результаты численных экспериментов, значительно повышает точность расчетов.

In problems of modeling intense charged particles beams moving in domains with a complex configuration of boundaries, the accuracy of trajectory calculations significantly depends on the accuracy of calculation of electric fields. In this work, algorithms for calculating the strength of electric fields at the calculated points of trajectories on adaptive quasi-structured grids are developed. Special attention is given to calculations near curvilinear boundaries in order to avoid fatal errors that lead to the beam settling on the walls of the simulated device. For this purpose, special approximating functions are proposed, which are constructed at the boundary and near-boundary grid nodes based on the least squares method. Frequent cases are considered when constant values of the potential or its normal derivative are set on boundary segments, for which the developed approach, as shown by the results of numerical experiments, significantly increases the accuracy of calculations.
PROTAC degraders of the METTL3-14 m6A-RNA methyltransferase
Authors: Errani Francesco , Invernizzi Annalisa , Herok Marcin , Bochenkova Elena , Stamm Fiona , Corbeski Ivan , Romanucci Valeria , Di Fabio Giovanni , Zálešák František , Caflisch Amedeo
Published: February 2024

Methylation of adenine N6 (m6A) is the most frequent RNA modification. On mRNA, it is catalyzed by the METTL3-14 heterodimer complex which plays a key role in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of blood cancers and solid tumors. Here we disclose the first proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) for an epitranscriptomics protein. For designing the PROTACs we made use of the crystal structure of the complex of METTL3-14 with a potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor (called UZH2). The optimization of the linker started from a desfluoro precursor of UZH2 whose synthesis is more efficient than the one of UZH2. The first nine PROTAC molecules featured PEG- or alkyl-based linkers but only the latter showed cell penetration. With this information in hand, we synthesized 26 PROTACs based on UZH2 and alkyl linkers of different lengths and rigidity. The formation of the ternary complex was validated by a FRET-based biochemical assay and an in vitro ubiquitination assay. The PROTACs 14, 20, 22, 24, and 30, featuring different linker types and lengths, showed 50% or higher degradation of METTL3 and/or METTL14 measured by Western blot in MOLM-13. They also showed substantial degradation on three other AML cell lines and the prostate cancer cell line PC3.
Overpotential-derived thermogenesis in mitochondrial respiratory chain
Authors: Namari Nuning , Yan Mo , Nakamura Junji , Takeyasu Kotaro
Published: February 2024

Thermogenesis, which is associated with intracellular aerobic respiration, is a fundamental function that controls the internal temperatures of living organisms. Proton leakage is considered to be correlated with thermogenesis through aerobic respiration. It is widely known that in electrochemical cells such as fuel cells, overpotentials applied to redox reactions generate heat as energy loss. Even in the electrochemical reaction system of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, a considerable amount of heat is generated by overpotential. However, the physical mechanism of thermogenesis is not yet clear. We propose a thermogenesis model based on the electrochemical overpotential of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. As a result of quantitatively estimating the value of the overpotential applied in each reaction of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, we found that 39-63% of the initial free energy in the respiratory chain was converted into heat, and the rate of thermogenesis changed depending on respiratory activity. Furthermore, that heat was intensively produced in complex IV. The overpotential-derived thermogenesis model is expected to open a research field for electrochemically elucidating mitochondrial functions.
The Discovery of an Aromatic Silicon Aluminium Compound Through A Novel Four-Pronged Computational Approach
Authors: SHARMA HIMANSHU , VANKA KUMAR
Published: February 2024

Traditional experimental methods for the design of molecules are time-consuming and inefficient, prompting a shift towards computational approaches. Here, we unveil a strategy that transcends traditional paradigms. Rooted in first principles and liberated from experimental constraints, our newly developed four-stage approach allows the discovery of new molecules that display interesting properties. The current work showcases an interesting molecule that has been discovered through this approach: a four membered cyclic compound of silicon and aluminium that displays 2π aromaticity, and capable of the activation of important small molecules.
NMR investigation of multi-scale dynamics in ionic liquids containing Li+ and La3+: from vehicular to hopping transport mechanism
Authors: Karé Ousmane , De Souza Braga Neto Antonio , Rigaud Baptiste , Berrod Quentin , Lyonnard Sandrine , Cousin Clément , Sirieix-Plenet Juliette , Rollet Anne-Laure , Mériguet Guillaume
Published: February 2024

The dynamics in mixtures of ionic liquid and monoatomic cations has been studied at different time scales ranging from the nanosecond up to the second. The mixtures were composed of cholinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide ([Chol][TFSI]) and LiTFSI, with LiTFSI mole fraction, LiTFSI, spanning from 0 to 0.5 (saturated solution), and [Chol][TFSI] and La(TFSI)3 with 0< x{La(TFSI)3}} < 0.12. The translational self-diffusion coefficients of Chol+, TFSI- and Li+ have been measured, along with NMR their relaxation times at various magnetic fields, in order to decipher the intertwined dynamics between the ions, and to reveal how the local dynamics impact the long range translational diffusion. When the concentrations of lithium and lanthanum are increased in the liquid, the long range dynamics of all the ions drop. In the case of LiTFSI, the self-diffusion coefficient of lithium becomes higher than the one of TFSI at high concentration, revealing a change in lithium transport mechanisms. The NMR relaxation data confirm this change, showing a clearer transition at x{LiTFSI}=0.15. It is interpreted as a change from a vehicular transport mechanism of the lithium below x{LiTFSI}=0.15 to a hopping mechanism above. A similar crossover seems to occur in the lanthanum solutions. It is suspected that the hydroxyl group of the organic cation is involved in this phenomenon.
EFFICIENT MULTIGRAM SYNTHESIS OF 3,3-SPIRO-α-PROLINE CONTAINING CHIMERAS
Authors: Derkach Nikita , Levchenko Kostiantyn , Iermolenko Ievgenii , Ostapchuk Eugeniy , Lega Dmitry , Makhankova Valeriya , Rozhenko Alexander , Volochnyuk Dmytro , Ryabukhin Serhiy
Published: February 2024

A series of novel spirocyclic α-proline building blocks for drug discovery with a spiro conjunction in position 3 of pyrrolidine was prepared by means of two convenient and practical synthetic approaches. Both alternative routes utilize simple and easily available starting materials – cyclic ketones and esters – and comprise 6- and 7-steps, respectively. The methodologies feature several advantages, including exploitation of simple organic chemistry transformations and suitability for preparation of multigram amounts of the target prolines. Approach to other valuable chemicals – spirocyclic pyroglutamic acids – is also discussed.
Theory of Vibrational Strong Coupling Induced Polariton Chemistry
Authors: Ying Wenxiang , Huo Pengfei
Published: February 2024

We present a complete theory of vibrational strong coupling (VSC) modified rate constants in polariton chemistry when coupling a single molecule to an optical cavity. We derive an analytic rate constant expression (Eq.~17) under the lossless regime based on steady-state approximation and Fermi's golden rule (FGR). The analytic expression exhibits a sharp resonance behavior, where the maximum rate constant is reached when the cavity frequency matches the vibration frequency. The theory also explains why VSC rate constant modification closely resembles the optical spectra of the vibration outside the cavity. This analytic expression, together with our previous analytic rate expression under the lossy regime, provides a complete theory for the VSC-modified rate constant. Our analytic theory suggests that there will be a turnover of the rate constant as one changes the cavity lifetime, and the rate constant will first scale quadratically with respect to the light-matter coupling strength and then saturate. The analytic rate constants agree well with the numerically exact hierarchical equations of motion (HEOM) simulations for all explored regimes. Further, we discussed the temperature dependence of the VSC-modified rate constants, where the analytic theory also agrees well with the numerical exact simulations. Finally, we discussed the resonance condition at the normal incidence when considering in-plane momentum inside a Fabry-Perot cavity.
The enantioselective Organocatalytic [1,2]-Rearrangement of Allylic Ammonium Ylides
Authors: Hartley Will , Greenhalgh Mark , Kasten Kevin , Feoktistova Taisiia , Wise Henry , Laddusaw Jacqueline , Frost Aileen , Ng Sean , Slawin Alexandra , Bode Bela , Ha-Yeon Cheong Paul , Smith Andrew
Published: February 2024

The [1,2]-rearrangement of allylic ammonium ylides is traditionally observed as a competitive minor pathway alongside the thermally allowed [2,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement. The challenges associated with developing a catalytic enantioselective variant are amplified as concerted [1,2]-rearrangements are forbidden, with these processes proposed to proceed through homolytic C-N bond fission of the ylide, followed by stereoselective radical-radical recombination. Herein a Lewis basic chiral isothiourea facilitates catalytic [1,2]-rearrangement of prochiral aryl ester ammonium salts to generate unnatural α-amino acid derivatives with unprecedented levels of enantiocontrol (up to 97:3 er) and up to total selectivity over the thermally allowed [2,3]-rearrangement. Key factors in favouring the [1,2]-rearrangement include exploitation of (i) disubstituted terminal allylic substituents, (ii) cyclic N-substituted ammonium salts and (iii) elevated reaction temperatures. Mechanistic studies involving 13C-labelling and crossover reactions, combined with radical trapping experiments and observed changes in product enantioselectivity are consistent with a radical solvent cage effect, with maximum product enantioselectivity observed with promotion of “in-cage” radical-radical recombination. Computational analysis indicates that the distribution between [1,2]- and [2,3]-rearrangement products arises predominantly from C-N bond homolysis of an intermediate ammonium ylide, followed by recombination of the a-amino radical at either the primary or tertiary site of an intermediate allylic radical. Electrostatic interactions involving the bromide counterion and the rearrangement transition states control the facial selectivity of the [1,2]- and [2,3]-rearrangements, while the difficulty of forming a bond in the more sterically hindered tertiary position of the allylic substituent disfavors the formation of the [2,3]-product. These results will impact further investigations and understanding into enantioselective radical-radical reactions.
Who is my Neighbour? Theological Education in the Global Village of the 21st Century (Responses)
Authors: De Vries Roland , McCance Heather , Lebrecque Cory Andrew
Published: February 2024

The following are three response papers that were presented at the “Who is My Neighbour? Interfaith Dialogue and Theological Formation Conference,” held on October 19, 2022, and are indirectly responding to Robert Hill's discussion of theological education in the global villiage of the 21st Century.

A running theme throughout the first panel of the second day is the struggle to retain the vitality of the presence of God in theological education today, in contexts that are, not only increasingly diverse, but are also – in some cases – increasingly dismissive or wary of the Christian tradition.

While Hill’s keynote address suggests that this vitality of presence can be retained by adopting a liberal biblical theology, the first respondent, Roland De Vries, considers what is lost when we allow “the myriad of demands placed on theological education” to obscure this vital presence, the very thing that gives theological education its coherence in the first place.

The second respondent, Heather McCance, argues that an important part of overcoming this struggle lies in training students to form a theological imagination – “the capacity to grasp the presence of the holy in and through all things.” Reminding us that this vital presence is what allows theology to reach into “the crevices (or, better, fractures) of life” that other disciplines tend to ignore, Cory Andrew Labrecque ends the panel by offering a series of reflections that highlight the ongoing value of theological education in the twenty-first century, even in spaces that might want to exclude it.
Applying Taguchi Design for the Synthesis of Albumin Nanoparticles of Methotrexate by Desolvation Technique
Authors: Syed Ayesha , Kusum Devi V. , Karwa Preeti
Published: February 2024

The aim of this study was to select the most predominant formulation and process variable for the formulation of bovine serum albumin nanoparticles of methotrexate by desolvation technique applying taguchi design. Bovine serum albumin BSA a versatile protein carrier for drug delivery is an exemplary material to fabricate novel drug delivery systems. The most important characteristics of BSA nanoparticles are particle size and polydispersity index. These nanoparticles owing to its size and composition can accumulate in inflamed joint due to the enhanced permeability and retention effect.The application of taguchi design gave a systematic strategy for the preparation of nanoparticles with desired size and polydispersity index taking all the significant process and formulation variables into consideration at different levels. Orthogonal array of L16 type was used as an experimental design to detect the optimum conditions for synthesis of BSA nanoparticles. The effects of four experimental parameters was studied in detail. The best results size less than 200nm of MTX NPrsquos with polydispersity index less than 0.5 were obtained at pH 8.5 drug albumin ratio of 16 ratio of desolvating agent BSA solution 14 and rate of addition of desolvating agent 0.5 ml.min-1.nbsp
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION AND TAXONOMIC CONSIDERATION OF THE SOUTHERN TETHYAN ROTALIID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL MEMBERS OF THE GENUS Anomalinoides
Authors: Salim Anan Haidar
Published: February 2024

Seventeen Anomalinoides Rotaliid benthic foraminiferal species were erected from five localities in the Southern Tethys Chile, Algeria, Tunisia, Egypt and Pakistan. Thirteen of the identified species were erected from Egypt, and four of the them were erected from Tunisia, while only one species of the assemblage was recorded from the other countries: Chile, Argentina, Algeria, Jordan, UAE, Iran and Pakistan. Three out of the identified species is believed here to be new: A. dababiyaensis, A. masrensis and A. tunisica. Environmental conditions of the identified species of the genus Anomalinoides most probably represent outer neritic-upper bathyal environment.
THE USE OF GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GIS) IN DETERMINING PEDESTRIAN ACCESSIBILITY IN THE HISTORICAL CITY OF MALACCA
Authors: Syukri Yahya Mohd Sahrul , Mohd Safian Edie Ezwan
Published: February 2024

Accessibility for pedestrians is the interdisciplinary study of accessibility that does not rely on automobiles or other motorized modes of transportation. The research was carried out in the historical district of Malacca City, which is the destination of different tourist access locations and activities. The method used is network analysis and the analytical hierarchical process (AHP), which relies on Geographic Information System (GIS) as the primary database platform. This method estimates the pedestrian accessibility score in the study region. Four variables were considered: residential density, commercial or historical density, road connectivity variables, and land use. The research findings can demonstrate the percentage of people in the area who have a high, medium, or low walking ability. In addition, with the help of GIS and walk score data, one can ascertain that the placement of the downstream city is in an area with an exceptionally high level of walkability and unrivalled accessibility. As a result, the findings of this study have the potential to benefit sustainable urban planning in terms of the economy, the environment, and the layout of cities that do not use motor vehicles.
GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF THE CAMPANIAN - LUTETIAN ROTALIID BENTHIC FORAMINIFERAL SPECIES OF THE GENUS VALVULINERIA IN THE MIDDLE EAST
Authors: Salim Anan Haidar
Published: February 2024

Twelve Late Campanian to Early Lutetian small Rotaliid benthic foraminiferal species of the genus Valvulineria Cushman are common in some Middle East localities in the Southern Tethys (Egypt, Jordan, UAE, Iraq, Iran, Pakistan), and also in some localities in the Northern Tethys (Spain, Austria, Turkey, Kazakhstan). The taxonomy of the identified species are presented and discussed. These species are: Valvulineria aegyptiaca LeRoy, V. brotzeni Nakkady, V. critchetti LeRoy, V. hillsi Haque, V. nammalensis Haque, V. orali (Inan), V. patalaensis Haque, V. pseudotumeyensis Futyan, V. ranikotensis Haque and V. scrobiculata (Schwager). Two of these illustrated species of Iran and Iraq are believed to be new: Valvulineria iranica and V. iraqensis. The prominent environment of the genus Valvulineria and its members most probably are the shallow carbonates and marly shale facies, which related to the middle neritic to upper bathyal environment
REFOCUSING RURAL DEVELOPMENT INITIATIVES AS PANACEA FOR NIGERIA’S ECONOMIC AND SECURITY CHALLENGES IN A POST-COVID DISPENSATION
Authors:   Institute of Public Administration and Extension Services, University of Benin, Benin City. Edo State, OGHATOR E.O , IGHORHIOHWUNU AGHOGHO VICTORY ,   Department of Public Administration, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State
Published: February 2024

The study examined the challenges confronting the Nigeria economy and security over the years which seems unresolved, with redirection of focus on better development initiatives. The objectives of the study include identification of these challenges obstructing development in Nigeria; solutions proffered by government; factors mitigating against the effectiveness of such solutions and to redirect development initiatives towards curbing security and economic problems in Nigeria. Data were obtained from secondary sources: indexes of scholars’ work on relevant literature through journal articles, book and papers. The descriptive analytical pattern was adopted in the study. Findings revealed that despite several governmental efforts to tackle these challenges, the solutions have not yielded the desired results as the problems still lingers and increases daily due to certain factors acting as impediments. The paper suggested and redirected the focus of curbing these challenges to rural development initiatives through strategic planning, access to alternate funding sources, education and skill improvement among others as best route to tackle these challenges in a post covid dispensation of Nigeria. The study therefore, recommends among others that there is urgent need for developmental reforms and policy redirection towards combating these challenges.
LIGHTING CONSIDERATIONS FOR A FASHION HOUSE
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, AJAYI Oluwole Victor , AJALA Emmanuel Olutola, ,   Department of Architecture, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, AGBOOLA Olusegun Isaac ,   Department of Architecture, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, ABIODUN Oluwasegun ,   Department of Architecture, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, NWAOBI Jeremiah ,   Department of Architecture, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State, OSOKOYA Korede ,   Department of Architecture, Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State
Published: February 2024

The study investigated the use of lighting in Nigerian fashion houses. This is built on the observation that most fashion houses are not purpose built. This leads to poor use of day light usage; necessitating the use of artificial lighting which often increases their cost of production. Aside from the effect of poor utilization on the operational cost of fashion houses, it has consequential effect on the wellbeing of staff as well as the quality of materials produced. In view of these shortcomings, the study adopted a case study approach to examine how fashion houses in developed economies have been able to incorporate day light strategies in their construction plans. The study examined three global fashion houses namely; Vionnet’s historic building, CafèModa, and Monsoon Flagship Store. From the analysis, it found that the use of day light strategies improved users experiences as well as reduce operational cost at Vionnet’s historic building. Similarly, the louvre system adopted at CafèModa enhanced users’ ability to control the light penetration depending on times and demands. This enhanced staff productivity as well as reduced expenses on electricity bills. Lastly, at Monsoon Flagship Store, it was found that skylight strategy was used. In as much as it guaranteed the penetration of solar energy, it was found that it could generate heat which could threaten the quality of fabrics used in clothe production. From these findings, the study concluded that Day light not only offers an aesthetically pleasing effect within a space but it also allows for interiors to be well lit free of charge throughout most parts of the day according to the seasonal variations. However, its usage must be within the ambience of industry and environmental regulations.
EFFECTS OF INCENTIVES ON PASSIVE DESIGN STRATEGIES BY GOVERNMENT IN ENHANCING SUSTAINABLE BUILDING PRACTICE
Authors:   Department of Architecture, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos, Jayeoba S. B , Dare-Abel O. A ,   Department of Architecture, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos, Daramola S.A ,   Department of Architecture, Caleb University, Imota, Lagos
Published: February 2024

The building industry, projected to grow at 4.2% annually between 2018 and 2023, has become a formidable pollutant causing climate change that compounds environmental loads. Cities can be said to be “crucibles of hazards” due to several environmental challenges particularly that of fossil fuel’s pollution. A growing consensus among organizations committed to environmental performance targets appropriate strategies to make building activities more sustainable. This paper aims to assess the effects of incentives on passive design strategies in enhancing sustainable building practice. Questionnaire design, employing qualitative strategy was adopted. Study population of Southwest Nigerian architectural firms was 553 as published by ARCON in 2021. Sample size was 170 firms using Cochran’s formula with confidence level of 95 percent. The multi-stage sampling was used. Data for research were analysed using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). Result revealed different types of incentives that government can offer to enhance sustainable building practice among construction stakeholders. Result also confirmed that rigid-regulatory approach to incentives does not encourage their uptake among construction stakeholders where available. Study recommends that government should enhance sustainable building process by introducing one or more of the forms of incentives, evaluating their preferences with respect to the form of incentives relative to projects to be executed, available resources and time.