bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
IN VITRO ANTAGONISTIC ACTIVITY OF TRICHODERMA VIRIDE ISOLATES AGAINST SCLEROTINIA SCLEROTIORUM AND THEIR ROLE IN GROWTH PROMOTION OF COMMON BEAN
Authors:   Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India, Jan Nayeema , Sajad Malik Wasim ,   Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India, Hamid Wani Abdul ,   Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India, Ahmad Malik Mansoor ,   Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India, Hassan Shaiesta ,   Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India, Yaqub Bhat Mohd ,   Section of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, India
Published: November 2022

A study was done to investigate the antagonistic effects of three Trichoderma viride isolates (TV1, TV2 and TV3) on Sclerotinia sclerotiorum. The results revealed that the isolate TV1 proved to be the best in suppressing the mycelial growth by 77% after 7 days of incubation. However 74.91% and 50% inhibition were recorded on 5th and 3rd days of incubation, respectively. The isolate TV2 caused inhibition of 74.77% on 7th day, and 72.66% and 48.33% after 5th and 3rd days of incubation, respectively. 72.54%, 70.41%, and 51.66% inhibition in mycelial growth of the pathogenic fungus was caused by TV3 isolate after 7th, 5th, and 3rd days of incubation respectively. All the test isolates of T. viride showed a significant effect on the vigour index of common bean. The maximum germination percentage was observed on treatment with TV1 isolate (85%) followed by TV2 (83%) and TV3 (81%) respectively, in comparison to untreated seeds which showed a germination percentage of 73%. Maximum vigour index was shown by those plants whose seeds were treated with TV1 (11560), followed by those treated with isolate TV2 (10707) and TV3 (9234), whereas the control plants showed significantly lower vigour index of 7446 in comparison to treated plants.
BIOINSECTICIDE ACTIVITY OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES PRODUCT OF BIOSYNTHESIS USING ENTOMOPATHOGEN AGAINST THE BEET CATERPILLAR SPODOPTERA EXIGUA
Authors:   Program Studi Biologi, FPMIPA, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia, Bandung, Sanjaya Yayan , Fitriani Any ,   Program Studi Biologi, FPMIPA, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia, Bandung, Martina Firdausa Annisa ,   Program Studi Biologi, FPMIPA, Universitas Pendidikan, Indonesia, Bandung
Published: November 2022

Spodoptera exigua (Hubner) is a polyphagous insect pest that is detrimental to farmers. Nanotechnology exists as a renewable technology that can increase effectiveness due to the small size of particles it produces. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles from the fungi Metarhizium, Trichoderma, and The Bacillus bacteria which are biocontrol agents. The research started in February and ended in May 2020, at the Biological Research Laboratory, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences Education, University of Pendidikan Indonesia. The experiment was based on a completely randomized design method (CRD). Onion armyworm (Spodoptera exigua), two isolates from the fungi Metarhizium and Trichoderma were obtained from the Indonesia Vegetable Research Institute (IVERRI). Each extract of Metarhizium and Trichoderma fungi and 50 mL of extract from Bacillus bacteria were added to 50 mL of Ag + 60 ppm solution in a 250 mL glass tube. The mixture of Metarhizium mushroom extract with 60 ppm Ag + solution or Trichoderma mushroom with Ag + 60 ppm solution was incubated at 400 C with a rotation speed of 200 rpm for five days under a dark condition. For the mixture of bacterial extracts with Ag + 60 ppm solution, incubation was at room temperature with a rotation speed of 150 rpm for three days. Analysis of the effect of NPP on the mortality of S. exiguawas done using the treatments, Metarhizum, Trichoderma, Bacillus, NPP-Metarhizium, NPP-Trichoderma, NPP-Bacillus, NPP, and distilled water as controls. Third instar larvae of S. exigua were immersed for 30 seconds. After immersion, the larvae are placed in sterile Petri dishes that have been lined with sterile filter paper and provided with caterpillar feed. Observation of caterpillar mortality was recorded at 2, 4, 6, 9, 24, 48, 64, 72, 96 and 108 hours after treatment. There were three replicates the results showed that all the treatments caused death of the insect, both entomopathogens and entomopathogenic nanoparticles. We found the three treatments of silver nanoparticles highly lethal to S. exigua. Two treatments, NPP-Metarhizium and NPP-Bacillus even caused 100% mortality after 120 hrs treatment. The possible reason for the pathogenicity of these products is considered to be biosynthesis of nanoparticles and enzymatic substances
Overcoming dormancy in citrus rootstock seeds
Authors: Madruga Francine , Almeida Andreia da Silva , Rossetti Cristina , Saraiva Carem Rosane Coutinho , Figueiredo Josiane Cantuária , Pagel Guilherme Oliveira , Klug Emanuele , Boeira Keliane Corrêa
Published: November 2022

Citrus is a fruit of great importance in Brazil, mainly in the socio-economic issue as it generates employment and income due to the production and export of concentrated orange juice, as well as other products. In view of the above, this work aimed to evaluate the dormancy overcoming of citrus seeds of the cultivars: Flying Dragon, San Diego, Índio, Cravo Santa Cruz, Riverside, BRS Sunki Tropical, Volkamerian, as well as the species Poncirus trifoliata. The seeds from Embrapa (Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation) Clima Temperado, located in Pelotas-RS, as well as from Embrapa Cassava e Fruticultura, located in Cruz das Almas-BA, were submitted to the germination test as written in the Seed Analysis Rules and a germination test in which a small cut was made in the seed coat on the side of the embryo, around 0.1 mm with the help of a stylet, which was used 200 seeds (4 samples of 50 seeds per repetition) on germitest® paper, moistened with distilled water in an amount equivalent to 2.5 times its weight and kept inside a germinator at a constant temperature of 25 °C, photoperiod of 12 hours. The evaluations were carried out at the end of the 21 days after the installation of the test, providing data that were expressed in percentage of normal and abnormal seedlings and non-germinated seeds (hard, dormant or dead). of citrus seedlings at the end of the tests and the data obtained were submitted to analysis of variance and the means were compared by the Tukey test at a 5% significance level (p≤0.05), with the aid of the R- bio. It is concluded that, when evaluating germination and shoot and root length of seedlings cultivars Flying Dragon, Índio, Cravo Santa Cruz, BRS Sunki Tropical, Riverside and Volkameriano, San Diego and the species P. trifoliata, were satisfactory when submitted in the dormancy breaking process, but further studies are needed.
Weed interference in caupi beans (Vigna unguiculata) grown in Januária, north of Minas Gerais, Brazil
Authors: Pinto Deyvisson Rodrigues , Menezes Claubert Wagner Guimarães de , Santos Edson Aparecido dos , Teixeira Matheus Ferreira França , Batista Carlos Henrique
Published: November 2022

The degree of weed interference in an agricultural crop is influenced by edaphoclimatic characteristics, the management used in the environment and the period of coexistence between the weeds and the crop of interest. This study aimed to determine periods of weed interference in cowpea (Vigna unguiculata - Fabaceae) var. BRS Potengi in the semiarid of northern Minas Gerais, Brazil. Treatments consisted of periods of control and coexistence of cowpea with weeds under irrigated cultivation (0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 35, 42, 49, 56, 63, and 77 days after crop emergence). At the end of each period of coexistence and harvest time, weeds were quantified and identified, and dry matter was determined. Stem diameter, number of pods per plant, and grain yield were obtained for cowpea. The main weeds found were Cenchrus echinatus, Panicum maximum, Eleusine indica (Poaceae), and Amaranthus retroflexus (Amaranthaceae). The period before interference (PBI) occurred up to 9 days after emergence, the total period of interference prevention (TPIP) occurred up to 23 days after emergence, and critical period of interference prevention (CPIP) was observed between 9 and 23 days after emergence. Weed interference during the entire cowpea cycle reduced yield by 37% when compared to the control treatment.
Morphophysiological and productive changes of onion under vitamin application
Authors: Paterlini Allan , Pupim Vitor Hugo de Souza , Vendruscolo Eduardo Pradi , Araújo Tassila Aparecida do Nascimento de , Dantas Thaise , Martins Murilo Battistuzzi , Seron Cássio de Castro
Published: November 2022

Studies have been developed to improve cultivation conditions through the introduction of beneficial compounds, among which are vitamins. The present work aimed to investigate the effects of the application of vitamins in the onion crop. For that, five treatments were used, composed of different vitamins (ascorbic acid, thiamine, niacin and pyridoxine), in a concentration of 100 mg L-¹ and a control treatment, with water application, via foliar spray. The characteristics of chlorophyll relative index, number of plant leaves, plant height, fresh leaf mass, leaf dry mass, bulb diameter, bulb mass and bulb yield were evaluated. It was found that the application of ascorbic acid and pyridoxine increased the relative levels of chlorophyll concerning the control treatment and those composed by the application of niacin and thiamine. In addition, for liquid photosynthesis, a superior result was shown when niacin and thiamine were applied, concerning the other treatments. It was concluded that the exogenous application of vitamins alters the physiological and developmental behavior of onion plants, but does not positively affect bulb yield. The increases in photosynthetic activity were not reversed in bulb development, but in the elongation of plant leaves. Finally, the use of the vitamins studied for onion cultivation is not recommended, under conditions similar to those of the present study.
Diaphragmatic Excursion as a Novel Objective Measure of Serratus Anterior Plane Block Efficacy: A Case Series
Authors: Lentz Brian , Kharasch Sigmund , Goldsmith Andrew , Brown Joseph , Duggan Nicole , Nagdev Arun
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Pain scales are often used in peripheral nerve block studies but are problematic due to their subjective nature. Ultrasound-measured diaphragmatic excursion is an easily learned technique that could provide a much-needed objective measure of pain control over time with serial measurements.

Case Series: We describe three cases where diaphragmatic excursion was used as an objective measure of decreased pain and improved respiratory function after serratus anterior plane block in emergency department patients with anterior or lateral rib fractures.

Conclusion: Diaphragmatic excursion may be an ideal alternative to pain scores to evaluate serratus anterior plane block efficacy. More data will be needed to determine whether this technique can be applied to other ultrasound-guided nerve blocks.
Acute Isolated Thenar Compartment Syndrome in a Patient with Evans Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Jiang Elisabeth , Kim Kevin , Babigian Alan
Published: November 2022

Introduction: Acute compartment syndrome of the hand is a rare medical emergency, most often associated with trauma or fracture.

Case Report: Here, we describe a rare case of isolated thenar compartment syndrome of the hand in the absence of major trauma as the presenting symptom of pancytopenia due to Evans syndrome, an uncommon autoimmune hematologic disorder.

Conclusion: In cases of atraumatic compartment syndrome, it is critical to evaluate for underlying coagulopathy in patients presenting to the emergency department.
Geographical Distribution of Insomniac Patients in Western Iran
Authors: Rahimi Shoeib , Rezaei Mohammad , Setareh Parastoo , Khazaie Habibolah , Mohammadi Hiwa
Published: November 2022

Background: Sleep disorders are among important challenges for health policymakers due to its high prevalence and very high economic burden. Effect of air and noise pollutions on sleep quality and disorders has been proposed. Objectives: In the present study, the geographical distribution of people diagnosed as insomnia in Sleep Disorders Research Centers (SDRC) in the western Iran was investigated. Methods: All patients with primary insomnia who diagnosed by polysomnography (PSG) in SDRC between 2011 to 2019 were recruited. The postal addresses of participants specified by a geographical coordinate represented longitude, latitude, and vertical position. These geographical coordinates converted to Geographic Information System (GIS) and addresses were located on the map. Then participants were divided into noisy and quiet environment groups based on their distance from highways, boulevards, and streets. Subjective and objective sleep characteristics were compared between these two groups by independent sample t-test or U Mann Whitney test using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version.22. Results: Of 78 participants, 47 were from Kermanshah city, 19 were from counties of Kermanshah province, and 14 participants were from Kurdistan, Ilam, Hamedan, Lorestan, Khuzestan and Tehran provinces. The location of all participants was presented on GIS maps. Result didn’t indicate any significant differences in sleep characteristics between the two noisy and quiet environment groups. Conclusions: Most insomniac patients investigated in the SDRC come from Kermanshah city. Patient with insomnia may reach a level of the pathophysiological condition in sleep-wake regulation systems that lead to problematic sleep characteristics independently from environmental noise.
Selecting the Chair of the Whistleblower Protection Office in Slovakia: “Fight Against Corruption” as the Last (and Only) Public Interest?
Authors: Mezihorák Petr
Published: November 2022

Based on an analysis of public hearings organised to select the Chair of the Office for the Protection of Whistleblowers in Slovakia, this study asks how the notions of “public interest” and “anti-social activity” have been interpreted and re-enacted, and what role the topic of corruption played in this process. The analysis reveals the tension between a narrow understanding of anti-social activity as corruption and its wider interpretation, which encompasses a broader notion of public interest. In fact, the hearing stimulated an exploration of larger ethico-political questions related to the role of the state in the protection of “the social”. Therefore, this article argues that the organisation of the hearing, and specifically its public dialogical character, led to a shift away from the strict anti-corruption framing of whistleblowing. Second, the article contributes to the theoretical debate on whistleblowing by emphasising the so far rather neglected institutional and relational elements.
Medicina basada en evidencia
Authors: Torrico Aponte William Alexander
Published: November 2022

La medicina basada en la evidencia, se define como un proceso cuyo objetivo es el poder obtener, seleccionar y aplicar la mejor evidencia científica en el ejercicio de la práctica médica cotidiana, en las diferentes áreas de la medicina. Es una corriente para la práctica médica justificada por tres grandes realidades: La primera de ellas se fundamenta en la imposibilidad de conocer todo lo que podríamos conocer; la segunda vinculada con la gran cantidad de información biomédica existente y recogida de las diferentes revistas y artículos médicos que son publicados cada día; y la tercera se relaciona con la expansión del acceso a la información médica a través de Internet.
La importancia del enfoque epidemiológico en la toma de decisiones clínico-quirúrgicas y de salud pública
Authors: Mamani Ortiz Yercin
Published: November 2022

En la investigación clínica se utiliza de manera cotidiana indicadores de evaluación relacionados con la mejoría del cuadro en el paciente la remisión de sus síntomas o la curación del mismo, para ello existen métodos estadísticos propios de la epidemiología clínica a nivel descriptivo y analítico que permiten evaluar la efectividad de los tratamientos utilizados, la pertinencia de los métodos diagnósticos y la evaluación de las variables que puedan afectar al curso clínico de la enfermedad.Sin embargo, frecuentemente se olvida que el efecto medido en un estudio, no siempre se repite en otras poblaciones, por ello que se sugiere la generación de investigaciones locales que corroboren o en su defecto refuten los indicadores evaluados en estudios realizados en otros contextos que muchas veces son completamente diferentes a los nuestros.
The Christ Myth Debate in Marxist Literature
Authors: Hansen Christopher M. ,   Academic Publishing
Published: November 2022

Due to the inauguration of the Next Quest of the Historical Jesus and renewed interest in historical materialist approaches to early Christianity (such as the forthcoming volume from Myles and Crossley), the present paper seeks to elucidate the history of one of the most contentious debates in early Christian studies among Marxists: that of the historicity of Jesus of Nazareth. The article goes through the early debates and discussions on the subject and seeks to correct a number of misunderstandings about the history of this debate and also evaluate some of the present contributions on the matter, to see where Marxist historians generally stand. It starts with the earliest discussions of Jesus’ historicity among figures such as Albert Kalthoff and Karl Kautsky, then discuss­ing where Marxist mythicists gained majority positions in the Soviet Union and People’s Republic of China, until reaching the present day and briefly discussing the contemporary interlocutors in this debate.
Zombie Art
Authors: Miller Rod A. ,   Institute for Interdisciplinary Research
Published: November 2022

It is easy to ridicule the pretense and silliness of many works coming from the “art world.” The story of the arts, for at least the past century and a half, has been one of attempts to keep alive something that is long past dead. For example, without a substantial understanding of quality, aesthetics has been held up as a substitute for life. But the aesthetic, long touted as fundamental to the goals of art, begs other questions: which aesthetic responses? What if one does not have the same, or any, aesthetic response? This essay explores an alternative, one that refutes the modernist conception of substituting mere pleasure and emotion, that is, preferences, for the idea of Beauty as the manifestation of what is known to be True and Good. Instead of seeking living art that is Beautiful, and can bring life, postmodern culture is surrounded by dead, zombie art. Strategies for stopping the flood of long-dead zombie works include reason, ridicule, and pointing the way back to Beauty.
Inferentialism, Conventionalism, and A Posteriori Necessity
Authors: Warren Jared ,   Journal of Philosophy Inc.
Published: November 2022

In the mid twentieth century, logical positivists and many other philosophers endorsed a simple equation: something was necessary just in case it was analytic just in case it was a priori. Kripke’s examples of a posteriori necessary truths showed that the simple equation is false. But while positivist-style inferentialist approaches to logic and mathematics remain popular, there is no inferentialist account of necessity a posteriori. I give such an account. This sounds like an anti-Kripkean project, but it is not. Some of Kripke’s remarks even suggest this kind of approach. This inferentialist approach reinstates neither the simple equation nor pure conventionalism about necessity a posteriori. But it does lead to something near enough, a type of impure conventionalism. In recent years, metaphysically heavyweight approaches to modality have been popular, while other approaches have lagged behind. The inferentialist, impure conventionalist theory of necessity I describe aims to provide a metaphysically lightweight option in modal metaphysics.
LA AGRAVANTE DE DISCRIMINACIÓN Y SUS REFORMAS: CRITERIOS INTERPRETATIVOS
Authors: Guardiola García Javier
Published: November 2022

La ley penal española incrementa el castigo del delito cuando el autor ha actuado por motivos discriminatorios. Se atiende en este trabajo a qué significa ‘motivos discriminatorios’ (y a si es lo mismo requerir esto que atender a ‘razones basadas en algún tipo de discriminación’) y cómo debe probarse esta motivación, teniendo en cuenta los principios informadores del Derecho penal y la tensión entre principios constitucionales inherente a esta problemática.
Pancreatic duct lavage cytology combined with a cell-block method for patients with possible pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas, including pancreatic carcinoma in situ
Authors: Kusunose Hiroaki , Koshita Shinsuke , Kanno Yoshihide , Ogawa Takahisa , Sakai Toshitaka , Yonamine Keisuke , Miyamoto Kazuaki , Kozakai Fumisato , Anan Hideyuki , Endo Kazuki , Okano Haruka , Oikawa Masaya , Tsuchiya Takashi , Sawai Takashi , Noda Yutaka , Ito Kei
Published: November 2022

Background/Aims: This study aimed to clarify the efficacy and safety of pancreatic duct lavage cytology combined with a cell-block method (PLC-CB) for possible pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomas (PDACs).Methods: This study included 41 patients with suspected PDACs who underwent PLC-CB mainly because they were unfit for undergoing endoscopic ultrasonography-guided fine needle aspiration. A 6-Fr double lumen catheter was mainly used to perform PLC-CB. Final diagnoses were obtained from the findings of resected specimens or clinical outcomes during surveillance after PLC-CB.Results: Histocytological evaluations using PLC-CB were performed in 87.8% (36/41) of the patients. For 31 of the 36 patients, final diagnoses (invasive PDAC, 12; pancreatic carcinoma in situ, 5; benignancy, 14) were made, and the remaining five patients were excluded due to lack of surveillance periods after PLC-CB. For 31 patients, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of PLC-CB for detecting malignancy were 94.1%, 100%, and 96.8%, respectively. In addition, they were 87.5%, 100%, and 94.1%, respectively, in 17 patients without pancreatic masses detectable using endoscopic ultrasonography. Four patients developed postprocedural pancreatitis, which improved with conservative therapy.Conclusions: PLC-CB has an excellent ability to detect malignancies in patients with possible PDACs, including pancreatic carcinoma in situ.
Mathematical flexibility: Theoretical, methodological, and educational considerations
Authors: Hickendorff Marian , McMullen Jake , Verschaffel Lieven
Published: November 2022

The current paper presents an introduction to a special issue focusing on mathematical flexibility, which is an important aspect of mathematical thinking and a cherished, but capricious, outcome of mathematics education. Mathematical flexibility involves the flexible, creative, meaningful, and innovative use of mathematical concepts, relations, representations, and strategies. In this introduction we discuss the most relevant theoretical, methodological, and educational considerations related to mathematical flexibility, which form the background of the empirical studies presented in the special issue. Collectively, these studies provide a broader understanding of the mathematical flexibility, its subcomponents, influences, and malleability.
Enhancing cognitive flexibility through a training based on multiple categorization: Developing proportional reasoning in primary school
Authors: Scheibling-Sève Calliste , Gvozdic Katarina , Pasquinelli Elena , Sander Emmanuel
Published: November 2022

Proportional reasoning is a key topic both at school and in everyday life. However, students are often misled by their preconceptions regarding proportions. Our hypothesis is that these limitations can be mitigated by working on alternative ways of categorizing situations that enable more adequate inferences. Multiple categorization triggers flexibility, which enables reinterpreting a problem statement and adopting a more relevant point of view. The present study aims to show the improvements in proportional reasoning after an intervention focusing on such a multiple categorization. Twenty-eight 4th and 5th grade classes participated in the study during one school year. Schools were classified by the SES of their neighborhood. The experimental group received 12 math lessons focusing on flexibly envisioning a situation involving proportional reasoning from different points of view. At the end of the school year, compared to a control group, the experimental group had better results on the posttest when solving proportion word problems and proposed more diverse solving strategies. The analyses also show that the performance gap linked to the school’s SES classification was reduced. This offers promising perspectives regarding multiple categorization as a path to overtake preconceptions and develop cognitive flexibility at school.
Comparación del estado de ánimo en estudiantes de Educación Física: efecto de dos modelos de enseñanza
Authors: Pérez-Muñoz Salvador , Rodríguez-Cayetano Alberto , Jiménez Vivas Amparo , De Mena Ramos José Manuel , Alonso García Gema , Sánchez-Muñoz Antonio
Published: November 2022

The main objective of this study was to analyze the acute effect of two teaching models on mood in university students. The sample used is made up of 112 students of the Degree in Physical Activity and Sport Sciences. The Profile of Mood States Questionnaire (Profile of Mood States) by McNair, Lorr and Droppleman (1971) was used in its adaptation to Spanish. Two sessions were conducted, a traditional one based on direct instruction (DI) and an alternative (AL) one based on search and discovery. The traditional model increased all negative factors with significant differences (p£0,05), while the alternative model improved positive mood. By gender, the effect of the teaching model on mood is different, and it does so with significant differences (p£0,05). The alternative model would be the most suitable for improving the positive of student’s mood.

El objetivo principal de este estudio fue analizar el efecto agudo que tienen dos modelos de enseñanza sobre el estado de ánimo en alumnos universitarios. La muestra estuvo formada por 112 estudiantes del Grado en Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Perfil de los Estados de Ánimo (Profile of Mood States) de McNair, Lorr y Droppleman (1971) en su adaptación al español. Se realizaron dos sesiones, una tradicional basada en la instrucción directa (ID) y otra alternativa (AL) basado en la búsqueda y el descubrimiento. El modelo tradicional aumenta todos los factores negativos con diferencias significativas (p£0,05), mientras que el modelo alternativo mejora el estado de ánimo positivo. Por géneros, el efecto del modelo de enseñanza sobre el estado de ánimo es distinto, además lo hace con diferencias significativas (p£0,05). Por lo tanto, el modelo alternativo sería el más adecuado para la mejorar el estado de ánimo positivo de los alumnos.
Online Peer Support for People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Narrative Synthesis Systematic Review
Authors: Gerritzen Esther Vera , Lee Abigail Rebecca , McDermott Orii , Coulson Neil , Orrell Martin
Published: November 2022

BACKGROUND

People with multiple sclerosis often experience depression and anxiety, negatively affecting their quality of life, especially their social life. Peer support, whether in person or online, could improve social connection and coping. Online peer support allows people to engage from their home at a time that suits them. We sought to explore the benefits and challenges of online peer support and to identify successful elements of online peer support for people with multiple sclerosis.

METHODS

Using the narrative synthesis method, 6 databases were searched in April 2020 for articles published between 1989 and 2020; the search was updated in May 2022. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme qualitative research checklist and the Downs and Black checklist.

RESULTS

Of 10,987 unique articles identified through the database search, 11 were included. Benefits of online peer support included sharing information and experiences and emotional support. Successful elements included having a dedicated space to save information and the convenience of online peer support. Challenges included verification of information and the lack of nonverbal communication.

CONCLUSIONS

Online peer support can help those unable to access in-person support groups and can reduce the risk of social isolation. However, multiple sclerosis symptoms may make it difficult to use technological devices. Research is needed to further explore potential barriers to online peer support.
Os gramáticos latinos: Varrão, Quintiliano, Donato, Prisciano
Authors: Fortes Fábio , Burghini Julia
Published: November 2022

Pelo menos desde o final da Idade Média e a consolidação das línguas nacionais, o modelo gramatical greco-latino foi a base para a constituição das gramáticas das línguas modernas, inclusive de línguas não europeias, como o tupi- guarani. Isso ilustra a extensão, a complexidade e a riqueza do campo quando nos referimos a` gramática antiga. Com o objetivo de compreender as fontes latinas desse gênero, esta obra busca oferecer um panorama geral, com ênfase nos elementos teóricos e históricos da ars grammatica e em sua aplicação no contexto educacional romano. Além disso, propõe-se neste livro uma introdução ao pensamento e à obra dos mais importantes gramáticos latinos: Varrão, Quintiliano, Donato e Prisciano, perfazendo, assim, um arco temporal que vai do século I a.C. – com a obra de Varrão De lingua Latina – ao século VI d.C. – com a obra de Prisciano Institutiones grammaticae.
Influences of well contact on multiple-cell upsets in 28 nm SRAM
Authors: Jiang Xin-Shuai , Luo Yin-Hong , Zhao Wen , Zhang Feng-Qi , Wang Tan ,   State Key Laboratory of Intense Pulsed Radiation Simulation and Effect, Northwest Institute of Nuclear Technology, Xi’an 710024, China
Published: November 2022

In order to study the effects of the feature size reduction and well contact placement on the characterization of topology patterns and the charge collection mechanism of device heavy ion single event multiple upset on a nanometer scale, the heavy ion single event effect experiment on the domestic 28 nm static random-access memory (SRAM) is carried out on the experimental platform of HI-13 heavy ion accelerator in Beijing. Based on the mapping relationship between the logical address and physical address of the device, the experimental data are processed, and the 28 nm SRAM heavy ion single event upset cross section curves, multiple upset percentage, and multiple upset topology patterns are obtained. The results are compared with those of heavy ion single event effect experiments in 65 nm SRAM, showing that under the influences of factors such as feature size reduction and lower operating voltage, the heavy ion single event upset threshold and the bit upset saturation cross section of 28 nm SRAM decrease significantly. In the direction perpendicular to the well, owing to the reduced 28 nm SRAM feature size, even if the single nucleon energy of the incident high LET (linear energy transfer) heavy ion is low, its deposited charge is sufficient to affect the three SRAM cells across the well direction due to the combined effect of ion track coverage, well potential modulation caused by the parasitic bipolar amplification effect and carrier diffusion, resulting in the fact that the 28 nm SRAM topology pattern has a shape of n rows × 3 columns, which poses new challenges and requirements for the anti-radiation hardened technology with scrubbing and EDAC (error detection and correction). Owing to the global well contact deployment, the charge deposited by the incident ions in the well far away from the well contact is difficult to discharge quickly, and the parasitic bipolar amplification effect lasts longer. The charge sharing competition between two p-channel metal oxide semiconductor in SRAM cell causes the single event upset recovery, which is the fundamental reason why the discontinuity of multiple upset topology pattern appears in 28 nm SRAM. This study provides a new anti-radiation hardened idea for suppressing the single event upset by using the parasitic bipolar amplification in the future.
Defocus Corrected Large Area Cryo-EM (DeCo-LACE) for label-free detection of molecules across entire cell sections
Authors: Elferich Johannes , Schiroli Giulia , Scadden David T , Grigorieff Nikolaus
Published: November 2022

A major goal of biological imaging is localization of biomolecules inside a cell. Fluorescence microscopy can localize biomolecules inside whole cells and tissues, but its ability to count biomolecules and accuracy of the spatial coordinates is limited by the wavelength of visible light. Cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) provides highly accurate position and orientation information of biomolecules but is often confined to small fields of view inside a cell, limiting biological context. In this study, we use a new data-acquisition scheme called Defocus-Corrected Large-Area cryo-EM (DeCo-LACE) to collect high-resolution images of entire sections (100- to 250-nm-thick lamellae) of neutrophil-like mouse cells, representing 1–2% of the total cellular volume. We use 2D template matching (2DTM) to determine localization and orientation of the large ribosomal subunit in these sections. These data provide maps of ribosomes across entire sections of mammalian cells. This high-throughput cryo-EM data collection approach together with 2DTM will advance visual proteomics and provide biological insight that cannot be obtained by other methods.
The Mini Nutritional Assessment tool’s applicability for the elderly in Ethiopia: validation study
Authors: Urgessa Megersso
Published: November 2022

Background

The Mini Nutrition Assessment (MNA) is a widely used and valid tool for screening and assessment of malnutrition among the elderly population worldwide. However, MNA has not been validated among the Ethiopian elderly population and this study assessed the validity of the tool for the target population.

Methods

Cross-sectional validation study design employed to validate MNA in Meki town, East Ethiopia. This study included 176 randomly selected elders living in the community, whereas amputated, bedridden, visible deformity, known liver and/or renal disorders were excluded. The original MNA questionnaires were translated to local language and administered to each participant after doing the pretest. The anthropometric, self-perception of nutritional status and serum albumin concentrations were measured. Reliability, validity, sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) were calculated. Receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was plotted to identify the area under the curve (AUC) and optimal cut-off value for the prediction of malnutrition.

Result

A total of one hundred and seventy-six elders participated in this study. Of the total participants, 78(44.3%) were males. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 67.6 (±5.8) years and ranged from 60 to 84 years. The prevalence of malnutrition based on the MNA criteria (MNA < 17 points) was 18.2%, and 13.1% based on serum albumin concentration (<3 g/dl).The MNA had an overall Internal consistency of Cronbach’s alpha 0.61. The tool also demonstrated significant criterion-related validity (0.75, p < 0.001) and concurrent validity (0.51, p < 0.001) with serum albumin concentration and self-perception of nutritional status respectively. Using the original cut-off point, the sensitivity, specificity, PPV and NPV of the tool were 93.5%, 44.6%, 65.4% and 86.0%, respectively. By modifying, the cut-off point to a value of <20.5, the sensitivity and specificity of the tool increases to 97.6% and 82.8% respectively. The AUC (95%CI) showed an overall accuracy of 92.7% (88.5, 96.9).

Conclusion

The MNA tool can be used as a valid malnutrition screening tool for the Ethiopian elderly population by modifying the original cut-off point.
Integration of ICT in Teaching and Learning, Teachers Motivation and Skills of Teaching Literature: A Structural Model Equation on Academic Performance
Authors: Taripe Elmer A. , Limpot Marilou
Published: November 2022

Aims: To investigate the most appropriate model in academic performance using structural equation modeling (SEM) as the basis for the tool's design to analyze the relationship between the integration of ICT in learning and teaching, teacher motivation, and skills in teaching literature.

Study Design:  Descriptive-causal design.

Place and Duration of Study: The study was conducted among 400 college students from both public and private academic institutions in Regions 11 and 13 during the school year 2021-2022.

Methodology: The respondents were selected using stratified random sampling. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson product-moment correlation, and multiple regression analysis were used to analyze the collected data.

Results: Results revealed that the ICT integration in learning and teaching, teacher motivation, and literature teaching skills had the highest means while academic performance was high. The integration of ICT in learning and teaching, teacher motivation, and literature teaching skills had a significant relationship with academic performance. The most appropriate model for academic performance was model 5, with indicators of personal status, study habits, home-related factors, school-related factors, and teacher-related factors.

Conclusion:  The result proved that the knowledge of the integration of ICT in teaching and learning, teacher motivation, and teacher skill in teaching literature are predictors of academic performance.
Studies on Character Association and Path Coefficient Analysis for Grain Yield and Its Contributing Characters in Maize (Zea mays L.)
Authors: Saritha A. , Umarani E. , Ramanjaneyulu A. V.
Published: November 2022

The present investigation was undertaken at Agricultural Research Station, Tornala, Telangana, India during rabi, 2019-20 and kharif, 2020 to study the cause of association and direct & indirect effects for yield and its contributing traits in fifteen hybrids along with their eight parents and three checks of maize. The experiment was conducted in Randomised Block design with two replications. Correlation analysis revealed that, grain yield was found to be significant & positively correlated with these characters viz., ear height, ear length, number of kernels row-1, ear diameter, plant height, number of kernel rows, 100 kernel weight, shelling % and significant & negatively correlated with characters days to 50% tasseling and days to 50% silking. Path coefficient analysis revealed that the characters days to 50% tasseling exhibited the largest direct effect on grain yield followed by number of kernels per row, 100 kernel weight and ear diameter. The traits like no. of kernels/row, ear diameter and 100 kernel weight displayed positive significant correlation as well as positive direct effect on yield. Hence, due emphasis should be given to these traits in formulating selection criteria to bring high yield.
Effect of Micronutrients on Yield of Acid Lime (Citrus aurantifolia Swingle) cv. Kagzi Lime
Authors: Dabhi D. M. , Patel M. V. , Joshi N. K. , Gurjar T. D. , Kumar Mukesh
Published: November 2022

The present investigation was carried out during Ambe bahar 2019 at Horticultural Instructional Farm, C. P. College of Agriculture, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Sardarkrushinagar, District: Banaskantha, Gujarat. The present experiment consist fifteen treatments with three replications which was laid out in a Randomized Block Design. The findings of the present studies indicated that the treatment ZnSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5% + Borax 0.2% (T8) was significantly superior with respect to yield over rest of the other treatments. Further, results revealed that the maximum fruit diameter (4.58 cm), average fruit weight (44.06 g), fruit volume (43.83 cc), number of fruit per tree (946), fruit yield (41.68 kg per tree) and total fruit yield (115.46 quintal per hectare) were recorded with treatment ZnSO4 0.5% + FeSO4 0.5% + Borax 0.2% (T8) as compared to other treatments.
Distribution of Microorganisms and Fractionation of Sulphur in Anthropogenic Wetlands under Long-term Elevated CO2 Soil
Authors: Syed Nyamath , Karthikeyan Subburamu , Dhananjeyan Balachandar , Suresh Meena , Kamaludeen Sara Parwin Banu
Published: November 2022

The fate of extra carbon accessing soil under elevated CO2 levels, as well as the repercussions for plant nutrition, is primarily determined by soil microbe activity. However, most increased CO2 research has reported changes usually increases in soil organic carbon and reduction in the pH of the soil which is merely the first step in understanding how soil processes are altered. We analyzed these variables by assessing enzyme activities and identifying the individual components impacted by high CO2 and those that reflect changes in soil organic matter pools. The majority of the microbial variables studied showed a significant increase under eCO2 conditions, The rise in dehydrogenase activity suggests that the increased biomass of bacteria coincided with an increase in their activity. The rise in phosphatase activities implies that organic matter breakdown is being stimulated overall. The sulphur fractions had a significantly increased number of substrates consumed by soil microorganisms under increasing CO2. Moreover, direct examination of data from these perspective steep shifts in soil biological activity points to possible areas of investigation.
Educational practices for the prevention of sexually transmitted infections in adolescence: a realistic review / Práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência: uma revisão realista
Authors: Lima Lucas Vinícius de , Pavinati Gabriel , Santi Daniela Bulcão , Labegalini Célia Maria Gomes , Baldissera Vanessa Denardi Antoniassi , Gil Nelly Lopes de Moraes
Published: November 2022

Objetivo: analisar as evidências científicas acerca das práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência. Método: foi realizada uma revisão realista, utilizada para o embasamento de práticas e políticas de intervenção em realidades sociais complexas, em fevereiro de 2022 para responder à questão norteadora: quais são as práticas educativas para a prevenção de infecções sexualmente transmissíveis na adolescência? Resultados: foram incluídos 17 estudos, dos quais emergiu o preceito teórico: práticas dialógicas e participativas a respeito das infecções sexualmente transmissíveis, realizadas em grupo, no ambiente escolar e de longa duração favorecem a adesão à participação nas atividades educativas e são mais bem recebidas e avaliadas pelos adolescentes. Conclusão: a revisão realista alcançou os seus propósitos em determinar: o que, como, para quem e em quais circunstâncias determinada intervenção funciona em um contexto social.
Langmuir–Blodgett Films
Authors: Caseli Luciano
Published: November 2022

Langmuir–Blodgett
(
LB
) films, one of the earliest examples of innovative materials, provide the opportunity to control the structure of thin films at the molecular level. In this method, a single layer of molecules is first organized on a liquid surface, usually water, before being transferred onto a solid support to form a thin film whose thickness is monomolecular. If the process is repeated, multilayered films can be prepared. The layer of molecules on a liquid surface is termed a
Langmuir monolayer
, and after transfer to a solid support that intercepts the monolayer vertically, it is called a
Langmuir–Blodgett film
. The ability to control the thickness of an organic film at the molecular level and control the placement of molecules in multilayer assemblies forms the basis of many ‘smart’ applications of LB films. Applications include electronics, optics, microlithography, chemical sensors, biosensors, and biochemical probes. We cite through the text many comprehensive articles and books on the issue.
Polymers for Additive Manufacturing
Authors: Kuang Xiao , Qi H. Jerry , Tey Wei Shian , Zhou Kun
Published: November 2022

Additive manufacturing (AM), or 3D printing, has seen exponential growth in the past two decades, with more new techniques emerging and new materials available. AM was first established as an efficient technology for prototyping about four decades ago. Today, it is widely used in a variety of industries, including healthcare, automotive, aerospace, defense, and so on. Whilst AM is a general term, it consists of multiple drastically different techniques that need different forms of feedstock materials and processing conditions. This article reviews the current prevailing AM technology for polymers with a brief history, and then a focus on technological details, available materials, and the latest development for each method. The challenges and trends of AM toward next‐generation advanced manufacturing are also highlighted.
Delicate Co‐Control of Shell Structure and Sulfur Vacancies in Interlayer‐Expanded Tungsten Disulfide Hollow Sphere for Fast and Stable Sodium Storage
Authors: Zhang Xing , Bi Ruyi , Wang Jiangyan , Zheng Meng , Wang Jin , Yu Ranbo , Wang Dan
Published: November 2022

Hollow multishelled structure (HoMS) is a promising multi‐functional platform for energy storage, owing to its unique temporal‐spatial ordering property and buffering function. Accurate co‐control of its multiscale structures may bring fascinating properties and new opportunities, which is highly desired yet rarely achieved due to the challenging synthesis. Herein, a sequential sulfidation and etching approach is developed to achieve the delicate co‐control over both molecular‐ and nano‐/micro‐scale structure of WS2−x HoMS. Typically, sextuple‐shelled WS2−x HoMS with abundant sulfur vacancies and expanded‐interlayer spacing is obtained from triple‐shelled WO3 HoMS. By further coating with nitrogen‐doped carbon, WS2−x HoMS maintains a reversible capacity of 241.7 mAh g−1 at 5 A g−1 after 1000 cycles for sodium storage, which is superior to the previously reported results. Mechanism analyses reveal that HoMS provides good electrode–electrolyte contact and plentiful sodium storage sites as well as an effective buffer of the stress/strain during cycling; sulfur vacancy and expanded interlayer of WS2−x enhance ion diffusion kinetics; carbon coating improves the electron conductivity and benefits the structural stability. This finding offers prospects for realizing practical fast‐charging, high‐energy, and long‐cycling sodium storage.
Impact of Na Concentration on the Phase Transition Behavior and H− Conductivities in the Ba–Li–Na–H–O Oxyhydride System
Authors: Okamoto Kei , Takeiri Fumitaka , Imai Yumiko , Yonemura Masao , Saito Takashi , Ikeda Kazutaka , Otomo Toshiya , Kamiyama Takashi , Kobayashi Genki
Published: November 2022

K2NiF4‐type Ba–Li oxyhydride (BLHO) transitions to a so‐called hydride superionic conductor, exhibiting a high and essentially temperature‐independent hydride ion (H−) conductivity over 0.01 S cm−1 through the disordering of H− vacancies above 300 °C. In this study, a Ba–Li–Na–H–O oxyhydride system synthesized in which lithium is partially substituted with sodium in BLHO and investigated the effects of Na content on the phase transition behavior and the conductivity. Structural refinements and differential scanning calorimetry experiments confirmed a lowering trend in the phase transition temperatures and decreasing enthalpy changes for the transition with increasing Na content. Substitution of not <40% of Li with Na lowered the degree of ordered vacancies at the H− sites at room temperature and improved conductivities by more than two orders of magnitude in the low‐temperature region (T < 300 °C) before the phase transition. These findings clearly show that introducing Na into the lattice effectively stabilizes the high‐conductive phase of BLHO.