bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exhuming the Reality: Connecting Physics and Metaphysics
Authors: Kahlon Tahir Ul-Mulk
Published: February 2022

The purpose of this paper is the discovery of reality. It develops a relationship between physical and nonphysical, which is a bold ambition and requires a lot of logical reasoning.Humans involved in scientific explorations are in search of spiritual enlightenment or vice versa? This document is a stream of thoughts, and its goal is not to convince anyone rather,in the words of Shakespeare, "confound” and “confuse" and of course, motivate us to seek the truth. Economists assume and try to analyze with logic. There are some assumptions on Science (physical) and Spirituality (metaphysical) that are widely held and accepted.(1) Spirituality and science are as oil and water and thus do not mix. (2) Spirituality is obviously superior to Sciences. (3) Science has a value in monetary terms, but Spirituality has no price. (4) The Science is cold, inhuman, the heart of stone, but Spirituality is deeply human and warm. These assumptions revolve around the notion of God because people think that Spirituality is God/Nature and Science is not natural and is apart from God.Science is an object used against God, and we try to build on our own what God has planned for us or refused to us purposely. With Science, we are asserting our independence and God
Parental Involvement in Behavior Formation of Children: A Study on Primary Schools of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Shah Nazir Haider , Shaheen Muhammad Naqeeb ul Khalil , Sitara Neelofer
Published: February 2022

This study was conducted to explore the parental involvement in behavior formation of children in Azad Jammu and Kashmir.The study was descriptive in nature, and survey method was used to collect the data. The population of the study consisted of 241 teachers working at Government primary schools of Tehsil Nakyal AJ And K. universal sampling technique was applied because the population was quite manageable, so the researcher selected the whole population as a sample of the study. A questionnaire was used to find out the parental involvement in behavior formation of children. The data were collected through a google form. The collected data were analyzed by using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The researcher applied frequency, percentage, and mean for the analysis of data. It was found that parents develop cultural values in their children by showing positive emotions, parents have proper control of children's unauthorized access to media content, and also educate their children about the negative effects of mass media.
Management Practices and Academic Achievement of Students: An Evidence from the Colleges of Azad Jammu and Kashmir
Authors: Shah Nazir Haider , Nawaz Allah , Noor Aks E
Published: February 2022

The primary purpose of the study was to identify management practices currently being implemented at AJ and K College to understand the impact of management practices on student academic performance. The study was descriptive in nature, and the cross-sectional survey was used to collect the data. Sixty-six principals and 152 teachers in Kotli district were the populations of this study.Using the method of stratified random sampling, 50 principals and 100 teachers were selected as research samples. A five-point Likertquestionnaire was developed to collect data from principals and teachers. Data were analyzed with mean, standard deviation, and regression. It was found that management practices are being practiced by principals and teachers. The study also found that management practices had a positive impact on students' academic performance.
Utilization of Binahong (Anredera cordifolia) Leaves Extract from Bogor Regency as Free Radical Scavenging Activity
Authors: Utami Novi Fajar , Suhendar Usep , Amini Anisa Hidayatul
Published: February 2022

Binahong leaves contain flavonoid and polyphenol compounds that are potentially free radical scavengers. Extraction using ultrasonic has been carried out at various extraction times and temperatures. The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimum time and temperature of ultrasonic for yield and free radical scavenging activity of binahong leaves using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) with the Central Composite Design method. Binahong leaves were extracted at three levels of time (10, 20, 30 minutes) and temperature (40, 45, 50°C) with a frequency of 40 kHz using an ultrasonic bath. The results showed at a temperature of 45°C for 20 minutes obtained the highest yield of 10.44%, with a predictive value of RSM 10.15%. At a temperature of 40°C for 30 minutes, the optimum value of the free radical scavenging activity of binahong leaf extract was obtained. The percent inhibition value was 55.92%, with a predictive value of 48.85%. Based on the results, the temperature and time variables have a significant effect on the percentage of extract yield and have no significant effect on free radical scavenging activity.Keywords:  Binahong, Response surface methodology, Yield, free radical scavenging activityPemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Binahong (Anredera cordifolia ) Asal Kabupaten Bogor Sebagai Penangkal Radikal BebasABSTRAKDaun binahong memiliki senyawa flavonoid dan polifenol yang berpotensi sebagai penangkal radikal bebas. Telah dilakukan ekstraksi dengan menggunakan bantuan gelombang ultrasonic yang dilakukan dengan berbagai waktu dan suhu ekstraksi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini yaitu diperolehnya waktu dan suhu optimum ekstraksi berbantu gelombang ultrasonik terhadap rendemen ekstrak dan aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas daun binahong dengan menggunakan Response Surface Methodology (RSM) metode Central Composite Design. Daun binahong diekstraksi dengan 3 taraf waktu (10, 20, 30 menit) dan suhu (40°C, 45°C, 50°C) dengan frekuensi 40 kHz dengan menggunakan ultrasonic bath. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada suhu 45°C pada waktu 20 menit diperoleh hasil rendemen ekstrak tertinggi yaitu 10,44% dengan nilai prediksi RSM 10,15% dan pada suhu 40°C dengan waktu 30 menit diperoleh nilai optimum terhadap aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas ekstrak daun binahong yaitu diperoleh nilai persen inhibisi 55,92% dengan nilai prediksi 48,85%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, menunjukkan bahwa variabel suhu dan waktu hanya berpengaruh nyata terhadap persentase rendemen ekstrak dan tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap aktivitas penangkalan radikal bebas.Kata kunci: Binahong, Response surface methodology, Rendemen ekstrak, Aktivitas penangkal radikal bebas
TWO-STAGE ANAEROBIC DIGESTION OF ORGANIC WASTES: A REVIEW
Authors: Simeonov Ivan , Kabaivanova Lyudmila , Chorukova Elena
Published: February 2022

Anaerobic digestion is a biotechnological process, in which microorganisms degrade the complex organic matter to simpler components under anaerobic conditions to produce biogas and fertilizer. This process has many environmental benefits, such as green energy production, organic waste treatment, environmental protection and greenhouse gas emissions reduction.
It has long been known that the two main communities of microorganisms (acidogenic and methanogenic) taking part in the anaerobic digestion differ in many aspects e.g. their optimal conditions for cell growth and development. Therefore, the anaerobic digestion in a single bioreactor (BR) (single-phase process) required selected optimal conditions, taking into account the slow-growing methanogens at the expense of fast-growing acidogens, which affects the efficiency of the whole process. This has led in recent years to development of two-stage anaerobic digestion, in which the processes are divided into a cascade of two separate BRs. It is known that this separation of the processes into two consecutive BRs leads to significantly higher energy yields for the two-phase system (H2 + CH4), compared to the traditional single-stage CH4 production process.
The present paper aims to review the literature in the field of two-stage anaerobic digestion of organic wastes.
THE EUROPEAN GREEN DEAL AND THE FORESTS IN THE WORLD
Authors: Alexandrov Alexander , Iliev Ivan
Published: February 2022

The Green Pact of the European Union is part of the United Nations' programme of sustainable development to 2030. To implement this pact, it is necessary to transform the European Union's economy with a view to protect and restore endangered and damaged natural ecosystems, sustainably use resources, and improve people's health status. For this purpose, it has been envisaged to stabilize climate by reducing the emissions of greenhouse gases by 55% up to 2030, as compared with their levels of 1990. Changes are necessary in emission trade, land use and forestry. Forests are particularly important for realizing the Green Pact because of their multi-functionality. The following, most general inferences can be made about the world forests intended to perform their resource-providing, environmental and social functions:
- The world area of forests has continued diminishing in the recent 10 years by 4.7 million ha per year as an average as the rate of forest loss has been abating due to the expansion of the forests in Asia and Europe. The deforestation for the period from 2015 to 2020 occurred at the rate of 2 million ha per year with a trend as to abatement.
- The forests in Africa are the most vulnerable ones, in terms of their area, as their reduction already surpasses that in South America. The deforestation in South America from 2010 to 2020 decreased to the half of that in the period 1990-2000 and 2000-2010.
- Sustainable forest management requires contemporary forest-management planning and forestry but, only for half of their total area there are forest-management plans. This planning activity has been carried out almost completely in Europe only, whereas its proportions in terms of forest area are 2/3 – in Asia, 1/2 – in North and Central America, and only 1/3 – in Oceania, 1/4 – in Africa and 1/6 – in South America. Without total forest-management planning, it is impossible to realize the multi-functional, sustainable management of forests.
- The proportions of forests for harvesting timber and non-timber products, for preservation of the soil and water, for conservation of the biodiversity, and for social benefits and other purposes, in the particular continents, have not been sufficiently well-founded scientifically, hence. the need for optimizing these in congruity with the human needs determined in consideration with the on-going climate changes and the current socioeconomic factors.
- The European Green Deal is, to a certain extent, a continuation of previous polices partly formulated in the last decades of the 20-th century and improved by means of modern philosophy and technology suggesting a new approach to reasonable taking of what is sufficient while harvesting resources.
LSP in European Projects: Recent Developments and Challenges in Language Policy and Practice
Authors: Deyrich Marie-Christine
Published: February 2022

This article examines the relationship between European language policy and funded language learning projects in the field of LSP. We look at why and how the objectives were expressed, how the overall directions have evolved over the past decade, and how the LSP landscape has been redefined through research and implementation. Our discursive and ethnographic analysis is based on the framework texts published by Europe in the Lifelong Learning Programme and then in the Erasmus+ Programme. These institutional texts are put into perspective with the documents produced in the framework of three European projects in which we have participated: LILAMA (employability), INCLUDE (social inclusion), TRAILs (teacher training). Our analysis seeks to identify and explain the reasons that led to the shift from working on the needs of companies and employees to focusing on the needs necessary for implementation, which implies that interest is now focused on the training needs of the teachers involved in this context (Basturkmen, 2019) and on the challenges that remain to be met.
Imaging studies in Castleman disease. A case report
Authors: Utrera-Costero A. , Yepes-Agudelo A.M. , Moreno-Moreno E. , Veiga-Canuto D. , Bello-Arques P. , Martí-Bonmati L.
Published: February 2022

Castleman’s disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. The localized form is the most frequent and it is usually asymptomatic. Although the definitive diagnosis is histologic, it is necessary to know how it manifests in imaging studies. The most frequent location in cases of unicentric Castleman’s disease is the thorax. We present the case of a patient from our center to improve the interpretation of imaging proof in this pathology.
New challenges of paediatric chronic pain in Spain: Multidisciplinary treatment
Authors: Reinoso-Barbero F.
Published: February 2022

Background. In the last two decades, pediatric patients have been identified as particularly vulnerable to the acute and chronic consequences of pain, and valid tools have been developed for the measurement and treatment of chronic pain in children. However, we do not know to what extent Spanish children receive the indicated multidisciplinary treatment when suffering chronic pain.
Material and methods. We review the results of a survey based on an electronic program through social networks provided by a specialized consultancy and developed by representatives of three scientific societies aimed at parents of children with persistent or recurrent pain lasting more than three months.
Results. One hundred and fifty parents whose children met the inclusion criteria were included. Eighty percent of the participants suffered almost daily pain, but only 25% admitted moderate or severe pain intensity (score 5 or more on a scale of 0-10) with impairment of their quality of life. Some patients (18.7%) did not receive any treatment and of those who did, only about half received analgesic treatment. Only 8 of the 150 patients (5%) received multidisciplinary analgesic treatment.
Conclusions. In Spain, we are currently far from offering optimal analgesic treatment to patients with pediatric chronic pain and, especially, very few patients receive multidisciplinary treatment (physiotherapy, psychotherapy and medical treatment). The new challenges that this situation produces are discussed: improvement of the training of the specialists involved, creation of pediatric pain units and use of new technologies.
CHARACTERISTICS OF FIRST DAY COMPLICATIONS AFTER ODONTECTOMY OF IMPACTED MANDIBULAR THIRD MOLAR IN GENERAL ANESTHESIA
Authors: Nurfuadah Putri , Adiantoro Seto , Riawan Lucky , Sjamsudin Endang
Published: February 2022

Introduction: Odontectomy is the most common procedure performed by oral and maxillofacial surgeons. The consideration of odontectomy cases in general anesthesia with certain factors, such as patient anxiety, mental or physical disorders, degree of difficulty in impacted teeth, disoriented patients, number of teeth performed odontectomy, and duration of surgery. Some complications after odontectomy, including swelling, trismus, and paresthesia often occur from the first day after odontectomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of the complications on the first day after odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molar in general anesthesia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital during January – June 2020. Methods: This study was a cross-sectional retrospective using medical record data of patients diagnosed with class I, II, and III mandibular molar impaction based on clinical and panoramic x-rays and performed odontectomy of mandibular third molar impaction in general anesthesia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital for the period January - June 2020.
Results: The obtained data were 186 cases from 98 patients. Data were obtained from secondary data through medical records of mandibular third molar impaction odontectomy patients in general anesthesia who were treated at the inpatient installation of RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin for the period during January to June 2020 to determine the characteristics of complications on the first day after odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molar in general anesthesia based on age, gender, and the classification of mandibular third molar impactions. The percentage of complications on the first day after odontectomy of impacted mandibular M3 in general anesthesia at Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital for the period during January - June 2020 showed that the largest number was found in complications of swelling as many as 41 people (54%), followed by trismus as many as 33 people (43%) and paresthesia were 2 patient (3%).
Conclusion: The most common complications were swelling and trismus, where these complications were classified as mild and normal complications from odontectomy of impacted mandibular third molars. Meanwhile, the rarest complication was paresthesia.
Keywords: Complications, Post-odontectomy, Impaction of mandibular third molar
Umbilical Cord Coiling Index Sonographic Evaluation in its Relationship with Perinatal Outcome and Late Second Trimester
Authors: Balameenakshi  , Yuvabalakumaran G.
Published: February 2022

Objectives: To assess the relationship between perinatal results along with umbilical cord coiling index derived from sonographer solutions.

Study Design: This predictive research was executed in the OBG department of radiology at Vinayaka missions Kirupananda Variyar medical college and hospital of Medical Sciences, Salem, India from April, 2021 to September, 2021. Of the 60 patients included in the study, single pregnancies with direct vaginal / LSCS babies, regardless of equality, with active delivery from the second trimester to final pregnancy. From the results of the ultrasound, the "umbilical cord coiling index" was correlated and calculated with different perinatal criteria such as equivalence, gestational hypertension (PIH), gestational diabetes (GD) and l gestational age (in weeks), Delivery method and Apgar score.  Fisher tests and Chi-squared were assist to determine the importance of the parameter findings.

Results: The current results of the ultrasound evaluation show that the UCI provides a significant correlation with hypocrite coils (UCI> 90%), babies PIH (p-value <0.05), and GDM (p-value 0.044) Hypocoiled (UCI<10%) and Hypercoiled cords (p <0.05) were significantly related to the Apgar score (p less than 0.05).

Conclusion: hypercoiled Coils or UCI> 90% is associated with IUGR and is part of primary perinatal results such as PIH and GDM. Both hypocoiled and hypercoied cords, and UCI <10%, linked to the Apgar score for the perinatal results, thus showing a greater correlation with the UCI index.

Keywords: Hypercoiling umbilical cord, Umbilical cord coiling index, Hypocoiling umbilical cord
Long-Term Storage of Digitally Signed Documents
Authors: Gyurák Gábor
Published: February 2022

Digital documents play an increasingly important role in our lives. Reliable digital storage of these documents is complicated and we have to deal with other problems if we would like to store these documents for a long time. Some documents, especially the most important documents are electronically signed. The long-term storage of electronically signed documents is more difficult, because we have to ensure the long-term validity as well. Electronic invoices (e-invoices) are also electronically signed documents and their role is becoming more important. The proposal of the European Committee on e-invoicing aims to facilitate the use of e-invoices. By 2020 e-invoicing will be general usage in the EU. This paper describes the problems in connection with long-term storage of digitally signed documents. Possible solutions are also presented. In connection to this, the regulation of preserving electronically signed documents is also examined from the point of view of Hungarian legislation. Finally it is shown how ETSI’s (European Telecommunication Standards Institute) PAdES (PDF Advanced Electronic Signature) might support the long-term validity of e-documents, using the widely used portable document format (PDF).
Distribution of Fire Cases and the Role of Human Factors in Coal-Firing Power Plants in Fuel-Supply Fields and Distribution Systems
Authors: Zele Balázs
Published: February 2022

Safety issues in power plants and their direct proportional impact on the safety regulations are increasing significantly nowadays. As a result, fire cases on the way from delivery on the conveyor belt to the final usage in the plant, education of the human resources and improvement of safety regulations are basic key issues. Therefore, in this research I examined the distribution of fire cases and the role of human responsibility through the example of a Hungarian lignite firing power plant by using foreign publications and research.
Budo versus Christianity
Authors: Zsákai Róbert
Published: February 2022

The educational level of a society brings about an improvement in the attitude towards health as the increase in wellbeing. Social environment plays an important role in defining mental health. The possibilities I have examined also define the states of mental health. Socialization, the effects of communities, models, strategies also have an influence on the evolution of self-image, managing conflicts, dealing with frustration, and the ability to integrate. In counseling also new techniques are being tried. The educational method of Budo focuses on improving personality, separating the civilian and service life and helping handle emergencies. In Christian counseling the fact of redemption can create the harmonic operation of body-soul-spirit, the development of the appropriate control functions. The comparison may give an insight into the values and deficiencies of different ways of education-learning. As a theologian, I think it is important to study the doctrines of various religions and how they are used in practice.Both international sources and experience in Hungary prove that the way of processing a catastrophic event and its psychological effects can be very different from person to person, that is why it is good to choose from given methods in counseling.
Király Pál and the Hungarian Submachine Guns
Authors: Soós Péter
Published: February 2022

Király Pál was one of the best-known Hungarian weapon designers, whose name has become a synonym for the submachine guns he constructed. His confusing personality and puzzling career well reflect an eventful and chaotic period of 20th century Hungarian history. When his most successful creations, the Király submachine guns, were being developed, no experience regarding the military usage of such weapons was available at all. Consequently, when designing and manufacturing the weapons, the closely cooperating military supreme command and ammunitions industry faced several initial problems. Although the continuing development proved successful, production capacity fell behind the growing needs of the military for automatic handguns. The present work aims at introducing the famous engineer’s life and activity, as well as the phases of weapon development and production history.
Weather Extremities, Challenges and Risks in Hungary
Authors: Kuti Rajmund , Nagy Ágnes
Published: February 2022

Extreme weather events are demonstrating their effects more and more increasingly in Hungary due to global climate change. To be able to lessen damages and implement effective preventive measures, or eventually perform defense and a fast, complete relief project, we need to study these phenomena and explore their effects. Another important task is the scientific investigation of direct impact on environmental factors and humans, analysis of the results, using gained experience for preventative or if needed, remedial activities. With this article our aim is to draw attention to the importance of being aware of the extreme weather events and its effects. With this comprehensive knowledge, disaster management can elaborate appropriate responses for preventive and rescue challenges.
Austrian Security Policy Documents – a Walk on a Tightrope between Neutrality and International Solidarity
Authors: Zecha Wolfgang
Published: February 2022

After achieving the Vienna State Treaty, Austria had to develop its security policy missing fundamental documents. The first main document was the constitutional law on neutrality, which was passed by the Austrian parliament on 26th October, 1955. Even before that, the Austrian defence law was approved on 5th September, 1955. Although Austria promised in the Moscow Memorandum to pursue a neutrality policy like Switzerland, the Austrian policy left this line by becoming a member of the UN in 1955. So the Austrian security policy started to walk a tightrope between neutrality and international solidarity because of her UN membership and membership in other organisations like EU or NATO Partnership for Peace (PfP) later on. This essay emphasizes the steps of amendments, which were made in the Austrian constitution and her policy during almost 60 years with respect to international security policy and Austrian participation in international operations. The aim of this essay is to point out the new understanding of international solidarity of “neutral” Austrian policy.But it is necessary to stress the main points of neutrality and what that meant in international security policy from a legal point of view.
Military Science Research Across the Carpathian Basin
Authors: Orosz Zoltán
Published: February 2022

Military science has always been an important factor of scientific life, considering its relevance for current strategic stability and the possibly prosperous future of a country or a nation. The century long shaping of military technology and warfare was a process through which ancient military commanders’ strategic and tactical concepts were correspondingly reformed to adapt and exceed the rapidly changing characteristics and the continuously shaping environment. Strategic research is the basis for turning “unpredictable” and “world-shaking” into “understandable” and “prognostic”. This analysis aims to highlight the current institutional capacities of military science in the Carpathian-basin and present the guidelines and operational level of the ongoing strategic studies in the region, while demonstrating the importance of maintaining and supporting the relevant Hungarian military research purposes.
Emotional and Cognitive Influence in Extraordinary Situations : Psychological Study of Responses with Content Analysis Methods
Authors: Schield Marianna , Szijártó Lívia
Published: February 2022

The experience of extraordinary situation influences the whole personality. Nowadays the dominant crises – events such as war, natural disasters, economic crises and terrorism – affect an individual’s emotional, cognitive and behavioural responses. The emerging security challenges require adequate prevention strategies and crisis intervention, which involves the analysis of the psychological processes with modern methods. This paper shows the effectiveness of the psychological methods in the management of such situations. The article is divided into several parts; the first part is a general definition of special situations, the second is the presentation of the emotional and physiological consequences, while the third deals with the description of the cognitive aspects. The final part of the study attends to the psychological content analysis in emergencies as a possible research area.
Examination About the Law Enforcement Strategies which are Influence the Criminal Behaviour
Authors: Szabó Csaba
Published: February 2022

This study intends to react to challenges threatening Europe’s internal security. The perception of security of Europe’s citizens has deteriorated due to recent terrorist attacks. The internal security strategies of Europe’s countries should be revised because it is impossible to predict which European country will suffer another terrorist attack. Prevention can be classified as the most important strategy in this situation. The deplorable terrorist attacks that occurred in France and Belgium have shown that in addition to the civilian population, members of the police are also exposed to attacks of terrorists. The study analyses the comprehensive theoretical approach, which is a research starter to help the law enforcement agencies in creating a more coherent and effective concept for preventing and uncovering crimes in order to protect, firstly, the civilian population and, secondly, policemen. Hypotheses are formulated, which examine basic elements of the strategies for preventing and uncovering crimes from the viewpoint of the organizational culture of the police.
Risk Management of New Technologies
Authors: Szádeczky Tamás
Published: February 2022

Nowadays businesses face multiple issues regarding new phenomena like cloud computing, which is a great business impetus: with the minimization of capital expenditure (CapEx) on IT infrastructure and personnel the efficiency can be improved. Technically this is not a new invention, but it is changing the approach to IT service, which has become outsourced, highly adaptive and scalable. Of course, the change in the technical landscape always implies security issues. Information security is not just a set of technical countermeasures: it is also a business requirement. It will help to avoid financial loss, avoid bad reputation or increase trust among clients.The article analyses business alignment of information security in the case of cloud services. It shows the results of research, where the theoretical and practical issues of risk assessment-based business decision support were analysed and proved. Its finding was that there are cases when we can do examination, but general automatized tools are inadequate. However specialized tools and sometimes third party certifications should give more support.
What the NATO Alliance Is Currently Advocating and Delivering in the Counter Terrorism Arena
Authors: Pogácsás Imre
Published: February 2022

The fight against terrorism is still based on the nation-state framework, but international organizations have a greater focus on the prevention of terrorist acts. The European Union is not a military organization, it is involved mainly in prevention and combating crime and terrorism financing operations, and to resolve the consequences of an attack. In contrast, NATO is mainly focused on the fight against terrorism from a military perspective. It is important to emphasize that the fight against global terrorism can only be successful if comprehensive, international, multilateral action is taken, which includes military operations, in addition to political, economic, legal, diplomatic and social tools.This analysis will seek to determine how those facts influence the NATO Counter Terrorism (CT) task and whether they are sufficient to justify making it a NATO core responsibility.
The Most Significant International Groups and Institutions Taking Part in the Fight against Money Laundering and Financing Terrorism
Authors: Bugyáki Attila
Published: February 2022

In the first part of the two-piece study the author examined the emergence of the organizational system against money laundering in the European Union.In this second part the daily practice of the war against money laundering is studied, introducing the major international groups and institutions which, with their activities, take active part in the fight against money laundering, financing terrorism, and other related crimes.
Operational Capability Enhancement of NATO Rotary-Wing Forces
Authors: Bali Tamás
Published: February 2022

Operational experiences of the recent past have revealed the significance of the helicopters and their combat and combat support capabilities in the asymmetric warfare environment. Recognizing the importance of the helicopters, the commanders of operations required an increasing number of rotary-wing assets onto the battlefield which has been traced back for various reasons by the participating nations. The situation becomes more complicated by the serious capability disparities among the rotary-wing forces already on the battlefield.The gaps in combat support lead consequently to the overall operational capability reduction in NATO forces. In my study, I look for solutions on how to increase the number of helicopters on the operational theatre, and how to enhance the operational capability of NATO rotary-wing forces.
The German Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) Chairmanship in 2016
Authors: Remek Éva
Published: February 2022

Germany planned its 2016 Chairmanship of the OSCE to establish the following goals “to renew dialogue and to restore trust among participating states and the security of Europe”.[30] Germany supported actual work on the priorities of its Chairmanship, which involved e.g.—inter alia—strengthening OSCE capabilities across the conflict cycle, handling old and new challenges of the fundamental freedoms in the OSCE region, strengthening good governance, and other new types of challenges. The German Chairmanship continued the work of the earlier chairmanships of previous years. There are state “chairs” (Switzerland and Serbia held the OSCE Chairmanships in 2014 and 2015, they are the OSCE Troika) and they started a “new model to address new challenges”. Related to that it should be noted (for this work’s keywords), that Foreign Minister Steinmeier said: “Germany wanted to durably strengthen the OSCE and its tradition of an equal dialogue among all participating States. This was the only way to rebuild lost trust and restore security on the European continent in the long term. This was all the truer against the background of the conflict in Ukraine, in which the OSCE had proved its outstanding importance and indispensability.” [30]This analysis aims to present the work done throughout 2016. This paper shows and demonstrates that during the German chairmanship of the Organization a meaningful dialogue was lead and co-operation was pursued in various fields of common interest (mainly their role in context of the European security and the Ukrainian crisis) throughout the dimensions of the OSCE. The OSCE approaches security along these three dimensions: the politico-military, the economic and environmental, and the human. This study is a part of my research work, so in the current text details also can be read with reference to the earlier and subsequent studies, which have already been or will have been written. This seems inevitable because, as I have pointed out above, my previous and next studies have referred/will refer to OSCE, crisis management and Ukrainian events, too.
Major Chemical Accidents in the 21st Century Europe and its Lessons Learned in Higher Education
Authors: Dobor József
Published: February 2022

This article provides an example of how to use case studies in the case of disaster management education subjects. The development of the subject’s program and content are a continuous activity, actually a consequence of the changing world. Companies carrying out chemical processes while maintaining their competitiveness, cannot be considered constant in parallel with the constantly evolving technical conditions. Therefore, industrial processes, chemical processes, accident prevention, recovery techniques, presentations in the lectures need to be updated.New methods can be used for computing devices, applications, or their results. In the case of hazard analysis, the software and the presentation of their computational results are, in my experience, effective in the line of teaching methods. Namely, depicting and propagating the propagation of a gaseous material with a dangerous property, the direction and speed of the wind (and other physical chemical parameters) is an effective frontal technique for the students.The chemical processes are based on numerous chemical processes, which are able to operate under constant control of the control parameters. There is a strong professional justification for describing these processes, which is the subject of the Dangerous Technology section of the subject in the field of industrial security.
Effects of Employee Satisfaction on Attrition of Military Officers at Hungarian Defence Forces (HDF) Military Hospital
Authors: Jasztrab Szilárd
Published: February 2022

In the results of this study, I examined the employee satisfaction survey given between 2011 and 2014, and I compared it with the research on emigration conducted at the Hungarian Medical Chamber and at the Hungarian Resident Association. We received between 412 and 801 answers annually. The importance of the topic is indicated by the fact that the media regularly deals with this issue and the shortage of doctors in the military severely compromises fighting ability. The Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) predicts that by 2022 the European Union will have a shortage of 1 million physicians, which affects 14% of the total health activities. The situation is further worsened by the fact that the Hungarian civil sector (including pharmaceutical companies) presents a serious draining effect as well.
Juvenile Boot Camps in the Shadow of Tragedies
Authors: Csukai Magdolna , Ruzsonyi Péter
Published: February 2022

Many pros and cons arguments can be read about boot camps in terms of efficiency and application. My article reviews tragedies and deaths occurred in juvenile boot camps processing their background and causes. It is not my purpose to present boot camps in a negative light but to reveal circumstances of tragedies and on the basis of this to prevent their re-occurrence.
Designing Complex Technical Rescues with a Proprietary Application (Computer Program)
Authors: Hajdu Csaba , Kuti Rajmund
Published: February 2022

Handling emergencies caused by different environmental and civilization catastrophes, [1] (e.g. extreme weather, flood, severe industrial accidents involving dangerous substances, possible terror activities) is an ever-increasing challenge for damage control rescue entities. Efficient executing of these tasks requires ever increasing preparedness of intervention units, constant technical equipment development, introduction of new technical rescue tactics and complex intervention plans. Executing such a complex rescue plan is an extremely complicated task. At a given situation more units are to be coordinated in several  disaster areas (sites). Several special technical rescue tasks have to be pre-planned to increase the efficiency of the interventions. The authors would like to help these planning efforts by an originally developed proprietary force-unit calculation application (software) program, described in this article. The possible applications, technical requirements, detailed usage steps are also described.
Smart Military Electrical Grids
Authors: Végvári Zsolt
Published: February 2022

Today’s society is increasingly dependent on electricity and the armed forces also face this problem. In this regards the issue of providing electricity in field conditions when power lines are not available is extremely interesting. The technology of the generators used in the fields has developed only at a minimal level over the past half century while the demand for electricity has multiplied. Logistics becomes more and more difficult and fuel caravans are one of the most vulnerable parts of military actions. Smart grid technologies based on RES2 are no longer a novelty for civil engineering. How are these used in military environments and what are the limits of their application? These are the questions I would like to find some answers to.
Application of Science‒Technology‒Society Studies in Information Security Research
Authors: Nemeslaki András
Published: February 2022

The research question and problem statement I posed to answer simply has been: what kind of patterns and specific discourses can be identified around the keywords of “information  security” and “social construction” in information systems and its related reference fields such as social sciences, management studies, decision sciences extended to psychology. We may start summarizing the conclusions by stating that “information security” and “social construction” in the SCOPUS domain offers a wide range of literature in the social sciences and related subject areas; the initial search resulted in 406 article hits, whose basic bibliographic parameters with keywords and abstracts were downloaded. I categorized this sample according to the journals H-index, the Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR) Q1‒Q4 ranking and the individual papers’ citations, into five—socalled structural—clusters. Three papers were identified as the highest referenced and most influential, and analysed separately. The other were clustered as follows: 30 papers were classified into CL1, a high impact cluster due to its high citation and H-index, 122 papers were grouped into CL2, a mature cluster, due to their publishing date and medium referencing, 71 papers fell into CL3, a high potential cluster, due to their high H-index and recent appearance and, finally 152 papers were clustered into CL4, the mainstream of the sample due to their medium impact and wide spread of publishing dates. These clusters were further analysed with basic text mining techniques: word counting, key word analysis, textual clusters and N-Gram analysis, and concordance analysis. I found that clusters are different as far as the academic discourse on information security evolves, and each contain unique added value to the social construction of information security amongst users, institutions, technology and public policy. Finally, conclusion and further research opportunities are presented.
Australian Involvement in the Malayan Emergency
Authors: Ondrék József
Published: February 2022

Australian defence and foreign policy experienced a great shift in 1942. From that year on, the nation began to think of itself as an independent entity, and a key player in Southeast Asia. The first armed conflict that Australian units participated in after the end of the Second World War was the Malayan Emergency, where all service branches contributed forces to the successful counterinsurgency war. The aim of this article is, firstly to look at the events and factors that initiated this shift in Australian policy, and secondly to analyse the forces the nation committed to fighting the Emergency. This analysis includes the fighting forces of the Royal Australian Air Force, the Army as well as the Navy.
Una visión económica y el planteamiento de estrategias que contribuyan al desarrollo fronterizo entre Tulcán e Ipiales en el periodo 2018-2020
Authors: López Cadena Julio Iván , Jiménez Montalvo Daniel Andrés
Published: February 2022

El proceso investigativo se enfocó en el análisis macroeconómico entre Ecuador y Colombia en los años 2018-2020, como alternativa del desarrollo fronterizo Tulcán Ipiales, dentro de los indicadores estudiados de los dos países existen aspectos que condicionan resultados casi similares, y en subordinación a los indicadores macroeconómicos se puede señalar el aspecto económico-comercial es esencial entre las dos ciudades de frontera. Esto se fundamenta principalmente en la actividad comercial de bienes y servicios y cuyo beneficio está atado a la fluctuación del tipo de cambio del dólar norteamericano vs el peso colombiano y que debido a las condiciones actuales en la frontera esta actividad favorece en cierta medida a la ciudad de Ipiales, a pesar de encontrarse cerrado el puente internacional de Rumichaca desde marzo 2020.
 Complementario a lo anterior, el tema de la pandemia Covid-19 está afectando significativamente a la actividad comercial de ciertos sectores de las dos ciudades de fronteras, en virtud de esto se hace necesario para contribuir a la reactivación económica en el desarrollo fronterizo plantear varias estrategias que van desde el sentido de replantear nuevos e innovadores modelos de negocios para las empresas ubicadas en la frontera, el apoyo necesario del gobierno nacional a través de políticas públicas, y subsidios necesario para determinados sectores productivos, hasta fomentar la potencialización del comercio electrónico que en esta época ha dado mucho resultado.
Relación de la motivación laboral con los determinantes del desempeño laboral en el trabajo remoto de una universidad pública de Perú
Authors: Panduro Riva Claudia , Casas Huamanta Edwin Roi
Published: February 2022

El presente artículo tiene por propósito identificar la relación que existe entre la motivación y el desempeño laboral en un ambiente de trabajo remoto presentado en una universidad pública del Perú. Aplicando bajo un enfoque cuantitativo, de tipo descriptivo, de diseño no experimental, transeccional y correlacional, con una muestra de 54 personas que realizan trabajo remoto durante la pandemia de la covid-19, con un muestreo no probabilístico y por conveniencia. Resultados: el 52 % son mujeres que realizan trabajo remoto, el 44 % tiene entre 31 a 40 años, y el 69 % tiene un año de experiencia laboral. El 40 % presenta una motivación laboral media; el 43 %, motivación extrínseca; 48 %, tiene baja motivación. El 41 % presenta un bajo desempeño laboral; el 39 %, rendimiento laboral medio; el 52 %, comportamiento laboral medio y el 52 %, un nivel medio de sus funciones laborales. Conclusiones: existe una relación significativa entre la motivación y el desempeño laborales (p< 0.05).
Impacto de la educación virtual en los estudiantes de la modalidad presencial de la carrera de Administración Pública debido a la pandemia de Covid-19
Authors: Torres Vargas Washington Paúl , Jimbo Santana Patricia Rosalía , Agurto Gómez Daniel Alejandro , Rivadeneira Enríquez María Micaela , Aponte Gutiérrez Thalía Lizbeth
Published: February 2022

Debido a los cambios acontecidos en la educación superior y en el país en general por la pandemia del covid-19, fue necesario cambiar las actividades académicas de forma presencial a virtual. La Universidad Central de Ecuador, por lo tanto, ha tenido que adaptar sus normativas y políticas de acuerdo con la nueva realidad. Es así las diferentes facultades y carreras ahora desarrollan clases en línea a través de la plataformas virtuales como Moodle y herramientas como Microsoft Teams o Zoom, entre otras. La presente investigación es mixta de tipo cuantitativo y cualitativo, donde se ha considerado como muestra a los estudiantes de la modalidad presencial de la Facultad de Ciencias Administrativas, carrera de Administración Pública. Este estudio tiene como objetivo descifrar la brecha digital y el conocimiento sobre tecnologías de la información y comunicación que poseen los estudiantes para afrontar la virtualidad. Además, se pretende identificar el tiempo que utilizan para desarrollar sus estudios, y realizar sus actividades personales. En este sentido se ha considerado como variables de estudio la conectividad digital y la administración del tiempo.  Entre los resultados más visibles se menciona la precaria conectividad, que minimiza la calidad del aprendizaje para el estudiante, la oportunidad que se presenta para que los docentes utilicen nuevas herramientas, el uso prolongado de dispositivos e internet, la procrastinación de actividades académicas y debilitamiento de la salud socioemocional de los estudiantes.