bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Equine doping: perceptions, adverse effects and Cyprus hippodrome case review for the years 2001-2010
Authors: SPANOUDES (Κ. ΣΠΑΝΟΥΔΗΣ) K. , DIAKAKIS (Ν. ΔΙΑΚΑΚΗΣ) N.
Published: February 2018

Doping in race horses affects thousands of equine athletes worldwide. Illicit administration of medical compounds aims to improve the horse’s performance either through altering the athletic capacity, or through covering the symptoms of pathologic conditions. Nicosia race track has a significant number of confirmed doping cases when considering the small equine population of the island, reflecting the lack of credibility of racing in Cyprus. The most frequently administered medications are anabolic steroids, human recombinant erythropoietin, stimulants, diuretics, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, local anesthetics, bronchodilators and coagulants. Interestingly, published literature on the effectiveness of these substances is inconclusive or contradictory. This article constitutes a cumulative presentation of confirmed doping cases in Nicosia race track and a brief review on the published literature regarding the effectiveness of the most commonly administered compounds.
Orthomanual therapy as treatment for suspected thoracolumbar disc disease in dogs ABSTRACT.
Authors: AHARON D. C. , HEUKELS J. , BUNTSMA R. F.
Published: February 2018

According to the principles of veterinary orthomanual medicine, vertebral misalignments are associated with intervertebral disc disease in dogs. Manual correction of these vertebral misalignments are presumed to contribute to successful recovery. The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the effects of veterinary orthomanual therapy (VOT) in 261 dachshunds with suspected thoracolumbar intervertebral disc disease (TLDD). Effect of treatment was assessed using a retrogradeneurological status classification. From one clinic’s 2003-2008 medical records, 261 dachshunds with suspected TLDD met the inclusion criteria. Individual data included signalement and history, orthomanual aspects and neurological evaluations before treatment and at 2 weeks, 3 months and 6 months. Telephone interviews with owners were conducted one year after the initial treatment. The initial neurological status according to Griffiths ‘82 grading, was grade I in 115 animals (44%), grade II in 59 animals (23%), grade III in 27 animals (10%), grade IV in 52 animals (20%) and grade V in 8 animals (3%). Two weeks after the first treatment, 111 animals (55%) with initial grade I, II or III and two animals (3%) with initial grade IV or V had improved from their initial grade to a neurologically normal state; within 6 months of the initial treatment this full recovery was observed in 154 animals (77 %) with initial grade I, II or III and 27 animals (45%) with initial grade IV or V. Of the initially non-ambulatory dogs, 82% recovered to an ambulatory state. Of the owners, 89% evaluated the treatment as successful after 1 year. Most (78%) of the animals underwent a single VOT treatment, and the most commonly misaligned vertebrae were T12, T13 and L1. Veterinary orthomanual therapy is a conservative treatment method, which is minimally stressful for the animal and inexpensive. VOT combined with cage rest seems to be effective in treating TLDD in dachshunds. The results of this study demonstrate that veterinary orthomanual therapy might be considered an adjunct modality for the non-surgical treatment of dachshunds with intervertebral disc disease.  A prospective controlled clinical trial is needed to further examine its efficacy.
The application of in vitro fertilization techniques for the evaluation of ram fertility
Authors: PAPADOPOULOS (Σ. ΠΑΠΑΔΟΠΟΥΛΟΣ) S. , THEODOSIADOU (Α. ΘΕΟΔΟΣΙΑΔΟΥ) E. , KANTAS (Δ. ΚΑΝΤΑΣ) D. , VALASI (Ε. ΒΑΛΑΣΗ) E.
Published: February 2018

The prediction of field fertility of a given ram by using in vitro tests would be of great importance for the reproductive management in sheep flocks. There are many in vitro procedures available for evaluating semen quality and fertilizing ability, and the method chosen depends on the objective of evaluating the sperm and the available resources. The in vitro evaluation of semen fertilizing ability was firstly developed for the artificial insemination (AI) purposes and secondly for the application of in vitro fertilization (IVF) technique. The IVF techniques allow the assessment of fertility in terms of ability to penetrate and fertilize in vitro mature oocytes and ultimately to yield component embryos following IVF and culture. In this review are briefly presented in vitro studies performed in an attempt to establish an accurate laboratory test for the evaluation and, even more, the prediction of field fertility in sheep.
Acute Phase Response in Enzootic Bovine Leukosis
Authors: GUZEL M. , TUTUNCU M. , ALBAYRAK H. , OZAN E. , KOC R. , KADI H.
Published: February 2018

In the present study, we evaluated acute phase response by detecting haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and fibrinogen in cattle with enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL). A total of 60 Holstein cattle (≤3 years old), comprising of 40 cattle infected with BLV, and 20 BLV-free healthy controls were enrolled in this study. Diagnosis of the BLV infection was performed by serology (ELISA and AGID) and PCR techniques. APPs were detected by commercial ELISA test kits using validated standard procedures as instructed. All the BLV-infected cattle were in good general health and had normal respiratory rates, pulse rates, body temperatures. However, 5 cattle had enlarged, hard, painless, movable superficial lymph nodes in infected group. APPs including Hp (p<0.001), fibrinogen (p<0.001), and SAA (p<0.05) concentrations were significantly higher in cattle with EBL compared to BLV-free cattle. On hematologic examination, total leukocyte, lymphocyte and granulocytes concentrations were significantly higher In infected cattle when compared to controls. In addition, Hp and SAA (p<0. 001) concentrations were significantly higher in symptomatic cattle than asymptomatic. The Pearson correlation revealed significant associations between APPs and total leukocyte and granulocytes; however, there was no correlation with lymphocyte. In conclusion, the results of this study showed increased acute phase response in BLV infected cattle.
Prevalence of tick species in sheep and goat flocks in areas of southern Greece
Authors: DIMANOPOULOU A. P. , STARRAS A. G. , DIAKOU A. , LEFKADITIS M. , GIADINIS N. D.
Published: February 2018

The purpose of this study was to investigate the tick prevalence and to identify the species of ticks that parasitise the small ruminant flocks in the prefectures of Achaia (in the geographic region of Peloponnese) and Chania (in the island of Crete). Thirty flocks of goats and sheep were examined for tick parasitism during the period from December 2012 until August 2013. Sixteen of them were in Achaia and the rest 14 in Chania. In total, 84 goats and 148 sheep were examined; from them, 50 goats and 70 sheep in Achaia, and 34 goats and 78 sheep in Chania. The species Dermacentor marginatus was identified in Achaia in 15% of the animals. In Chania the species identified were Haemaphysalis punctata (13%), Hyalomma anatolicum (4.47%), Rhipicephalus sanguineus (4.47%) and Ixodes ricinus (3.58%). This is the first study on tick infestation in sheep and goats in Peloponnese and Crete, two areas with large number of small ruminant population and important tradition in small ruminant farming.
The Impact of Endometritis on Specific Oxidative Stress Parameters in Cows
Authors: KAYA S. , ÖĞÜN M. , ÖZEN H. , KURU M. , ŞAHIN L. , KÜKÜRT A. , KAÇAR C.
Published: February 2018

This study was aimed to investigate the presence of uterine infection and the relationship between the severity of uterine infection and some oxidative stress parameters in cows in early postpartum period. Sixty six cows that were in the period between the 30th and 32rd days of postpartum were included in the study. Endometrial inflammation was scored according to the condition of the uterus at rectal and ultrasonographic examinations and the character and amount of uterine discharge from endometritis I through III, the latest being the most severe. Endometrial samples were taken from the clinically healthy animals by cytobrush method, and then stained with Giemsa for presence of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN). Cows with a PMN percentage less than 18% were considered to be healthy (control, n=20). All cows were sampled for blood. Nitric oxide (NO) levels in Group I (Endometritis I; n=20), Group II (Endometritis II; n=16), Group III (Endometritis III; n=10) and the control group were determined to be 23.0±0.63 nmol/mL, 32.23±0.97 nmol/mL, 36.56±0.48 nmol/mL, and 11.10±0.29 nmol/mL, respectively. The differences among the groups were found to be statistically significant. Malondialdehyde (MDA) level was highest in Group III (6.38±0.13 μmol/L), and its level significantly decreased with the reduced severity of endometritis. The comparison of the groups for total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant capacity (TOC) demonstrated that endometritis caused a decrease in TAC levels (P<0.05), but did not affect TOC levels. Endometritis increased serum NO and MDA levels, and decreased TAC levels, but had no effect on TOC levels. In conclusion, NO and MDA, as well as TAC can be used as a biochemical marker for estimation of the severity of endometritis in cows.
Association of IGF and IGFBP2 gene polymorphisms with growth and egg traits in Atak-S laying hens
Authors: DAŞ H. , TARIM B. , DEMIR S. , KÜÇÜKKENT N. , CENGIZ S. , TÜLEK E. , AKSAKAL V.
Published: February 2018

Atak-S laying hens are a high-performance hybrid obtained by crossing of the Rhode Island Red (RIR) X the Barred Plymouth Rock (BR) and are being produced in the Ankara Poultry Research Institute since 1997. Phenotypic and genetic improving studies are continuous for this hybrid. In this study three different SNPs, two from IGF1 and one from IGFBP2 genes, were examined in 150 Atak-S chickens. Genetic association of SNPs were compared to body weight and egg number till 32 weeks of age, body weight at sexual maturity, age at sexual maturity and also egg quality traits such as egg shell breaking strength, shell thickness, Haugh unit, albumen index, yolk index and shape index were statistically analyzed. Only IGF1(a) locus was in agreement with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, while, the rest of the loci were not. As a result of the comparisons performed to the three SNPs, it was determined that there was a significant association (P<0.05) between the T364C haplotypes of the IGF1(b) locus and body weight at 32 weeks of age, but there was not any association to the other traits.
First case reported of bronchoconstriction in feline aelurostrongylosis by using barometric whole-body plethysmography
Authors: GARCÍA-GUASCH L. , MANUBENS J. , LAPORTA M. , CARRETÓN E. , MONTOYA-ALONSO J. A.
Published: February 2018

Symptomatic cats infected by Aelurostrongylus abstrusus show non-specific and respiratory clinical signs, often misdiagnosed as other diseases more prevalent among feline population, such as allergic respiratory disease or heartworm associated respiratory disease (HARD). Clinical signs are due to the pulmonary inflammatory response caused by the eggs shed by the adult females and the migration of the first-stage larvae up the bronchial tree. Barometric whole-body plethysmography (BWBP) is a non-invasive pulmonary function test that allows a dynamic study of breathing patterns by placing the patient within an unrestrained Plexiglas chamber. This is the first report that determines the degree of bronchoconstriction caused by A. abstrusus infection in a cat by using BWBP, showing an increase of baseline measurements of bronchoconstriction indexes (Enhanced pause and Pause) in response to severe bronchial reactivity, a consequence of the airway inflammation caused by the presence of A. abstrusus.
Prevalence of leishmaniosis in dogs in Istanbul,Turkey determined by using PCR
Authors: BILGIN Z. , TURAN N. , YILMAZ H. , FERROGLIO E. , TUZER E.
Published: February 2018

Leishmania infantum is widespread in Mediterranean countries including Turkey and can cause a serious disease in both humans and dogs. Dogs are considered to be its main reservoirs. The current epidemiological study was carried out in Istanbul for detection of leishmaniosis among dogs. A total of 246 dogs were included in the study. Twenty one (8.54%) blood samples were found to be positive based on PCR diagnosis, using primers specific for the kinetoplast DNA of Leishmania. Infection rate was 6.51% in 169 dogs living in shelters and 12.99% in 77 client-owned dogs. The rate was significantly (p<0.001) higher in the dogs (37.93%) presenting one or more clinical symptoms which may be attributable to leishmaniosis, than in the asymptomatic dogs (4.61%). Eleven (52.4%) of 21 PCR positive dogs presented clinical symptoms whereas the rest of the dogs (47.62%) were asymptomatic. The major clinical sign in PCR positive animals was dermatological problems. Amongst PCR positive dogs, skin lesions were present in 11, weight loss in 2, lymphadenopathy in 2, epistaxis in 2 and lethargy in 2 dogs.
Update on insulin treatment of dogs and cats with non-complicated diabetes mellitus
Authors: SARIDOMICHELAKIS M. N. , CHATZIS M. K.
Published: February 2018

Diabetes mellitus is a common endocrine disease of dogs and cats. Treatment is mainly based on insulin administration and dietary modifications. The aim of this review is to provide updated information on insulin treatment of dogs and cats with non-complicated diabetes mellitus. During the last years, there has been significant progress in the management of this disease, thanks to the use of long-acting insulin preparations that do not cause pronounced fluctuations of blood glucose concentrations (insulin glargin and detemir) and because of the widespread use of home glucose monitoring by the owners of diabetic pets. Home glucose monitoring is based on capillary blood sampling from the ear pinnae or the foot pad and measurement of blood glucose concentration with a portable blood glucose meter. This can be done periodically (e.g. every week) to replace the traditional in-clinic blood glucose curve; in this case, blood glucose concentration is measured just before the morning insulin administration and then every 1-2 hours until the next dose (usually for 12 hours). Furthermore, especially for the cat, home glucose monitoring can be performed 3-5 times per day, on a daily basis, in order to safely adjust insulin dose and achieve tight control of hyperglycemia (i.e. blood glucose concentration between 50 and 200 mg dl-1 throughout the day). The combination of dietary management, of insulin glargine or detemir administration and of the tight control of hyperglycemia has substantially increased the proportion of cats that enter into temporal or permanent diabetic remission and can be further managed without insulin. Another important achievement is the use of continuous glucose monitoring systems to monitor interstitial fluid glucose concentrations. These devices can be used in the clinic and at home and they can measure glucose concentration every 5 minutes for up to 72 consecutive hours, thus facilitating optimal adjustment of insulin treatment.
Effect of sow diets supplementation with chelated trace minerals on their reproductive performance
Authors: SKAMPARDONIS (Β. ΣΚΑΜΠΑΡΔΩΝΗΣ) V. , LISGARA (Μ. ΛΙΣΓΑΡΑ) M. , PAPATSIROS (Β. ΠΑΠΑΤΣΙΡΟΣ) V. , LEONTIDES (Λ. ΛΕΟΝΤΙΔΗΣ) L.
Published: February 2018

Trace minerals are constituents of proteins and enzymes that are involved in a variety of metabolic processes, having functional implications in growth, development, reproduction and health. Chelated minerals, are minerals bound to organic ligands, usually amino acids, providing higher levels of bioavailability compared to conventional inorganic mineral sources. In the present study, we investigated the effect of partial substitution of inorganic mineral sources with chelated minerals in sows’ diets, on three important reproductive parameters, the number of liveborn and weaned piglets and the wean-to-first service interval, in three Greek farrow-to-finish herds. Before initiation of the study the sows were on diets supplemented with 15 mg/kg feed Cu (from CuSO4), 125 mg/kg Zn (from ZnO) and 40 mg/kg Mn (from MnO). After exiting the farrowing facilities they were offered diets in which 93.3%, 36.0% and 62.5% of the supplemented Cu, Zn and Mn, respectively, originated from commercially available chelated minerals. For the last farrowing on inorganic minerals diet and the subsequent one or two (for 35.0% and 65.0% of the studied sows, respectively) on chelated minerals, each sow’s reproductive data (total number of parities, number of liveborn and weaned piglets and wean-to-first service interval) were recorded. The reproductive parameters, before and after the supplementation with chelated minerals, were compared in two mixed-effect linear regression models, for the number of liveborn and weaned piglets, and in a zero inflated negative binomial model for the weaning-to-first service interval. There was an improvement of the mean number of liveborn piglets after partial substitution of inorganic source of minerals with chelated minerals by almost half a piglet (P=0.015), whereas there was no effect on the total number of weaned piglets (P=0.15) and the wean-to-first service interval (P=0.65). The increase in the number of liveborn piglets may be directly attributed to improved embryo survival due to increased bioavailability of the organic minerals or indirectly to the beneficial effect of chelated minerals on sows’ hoof health, locomotor ability, feed intake and body condition.
Reduction rate of nematode egg counts and third-stage larvae development from sheep and goat faeces preserved at 4οC
Authors: DRIMTZIA A. , PAPADOPOULOS E.
Published: February 2018

Gastrointestinal nematode parasites cause major production losses to small ruminants. The most common way to diagnose or monitor the worm burdens in sheep and goats remains the quantitative parasitological examinations, i.e. the faecal egg counts. However, the reliability of the results of such methods depends greatly on the conditions and duration of the storage of the faecal samples prior to examination. The aim of this research was to evaluate the reduction rate and the maximum storage period, without significant losses, of nematode egg counts and third-stage larvae development from sheep and goat faeces preserved at 4οC. Towards this end, a pooled faecal sample was formed by collecting faeces from naturally infected sheep and goats (separately). Faecal egg counts and coprocultures were performed on fresh faeces and on preserved ones every week and up to 119 days post sampling. It was concluded that the preservation at 4oC, i.e. into a refrigerator, of fresh faeces from sheep and goats for parasitological examinations poses danger of misdiagnosis, if not performed in a period not exceeding 3 weeks of time. The rate of reduction of the faecal nematode egg counts starts to be significant lower than the ones performed with fresh samples, for both sheep and goats, after the third week of storage. The percentage of the gastrointestinal nematode larvae developing to the infective third–stage alters significantly for the Haemonchus genus, soon after the first week of storage (p<0.05).
Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in the dog and cat
Authors: NIKIPHOROU X. , CHIOTI R. , PATSIKAS M. N. , PAPAZOGLOU L. G.
Published: February 2018

Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) is a congenital communication between the pericardial sac and the abdominal cavity allowing displacement of abdominal organs to the pericardial sac. Peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia is thought to occur due to a failure of the development of septum transversum. Vomiting, exercise intolerance and respiratory distress are the most common clinical signs. Diagnosis of PPDH is based on plain radiography. Physical examination and diagnostic imaging may detect the presence of other congenital anomalies. Surgical repair of the PPDH is the treatment of choice for animals with clinical signs. Prognosis following surgical repair of PPDH is favorable. Animals with no clinical signs related to PPDH may not undergo surgical repair.
Crude glycerol negatively affects rabbit spermatozoa motility in vitro
Authors: PAAL D. , STREJCEK F. , SLANINA T. , KOVACOVA R. , LUKAC N. , QOJA A. O. , ONDRUSKA L. , FORMICKI G. , TVRDA E. , MASSANYI P.
Published: February 2018

In recent years the conventional diet for farmed animals has been increasingly substituted by alternative energy sources such as crude glycerol. There is an urgent need for investigation of the impact of crude glycerol on the male reproductive tract. Rabbit semen was cultured in a TRIS/NaCl-based medium containing 0% (control), 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% crude glycerol. Sperm kinetic characteristics were assessed immediately and 30 min, 60 min, 120 min and 180 min upon treatment by computer assisted analyzer. In general, a decrease in motility was recorded for the spermatozoa treated with 5% glycerol (P<0.001). A substantial reduction in spermatozoa motility was observed in the samples containing 10% and 15% crude glycerol (P<0.05). The lowest motility was observed for spermatozoa incubated with 20% crude glycerol. Presented data suggest toxic effects of crude glycerol on the rabbit spermatozoa kinetics in vitro.
Milk quality characteristics from Greek indigenous goats
Authors: SKOUFOS I. , TZORA A. , KARAMOUTSIOS A. , TSANGARIS G. , GIANNENAS I. , FTHENAKIS G. C.
Published: February 2018

The aim of this study was to assess the chemical and microbiological characteristics of goat milk from indigenous Greek breeds, domestic (Capra prisca) and Skopelos. Εach breed’s milk yield was recorded three times during lactation (early, mid and late stage of lactation) for two consecutive years. No significant differences were observed for fat, protein, lactose, casein and solids-non-fat contents of milk from both breeds. The dominant fatty acids (FA) in milk for both breeds were: palmitic (C16:0) and oleic (C18:1). Other abundant FA was stearic (C18:0), myristic (C14:0), capric (C10:0) and lauric (C12:0). The conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content was similar in both breeds. Linolenic acid content in milk of Capra prisca breed was higher than in Skopelos.A high number of minor short chain fatty acids (SCFA), medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) and long chain fatty acids (LCFA) was also observed in milk fat. SCFA’s increased in mid lactation in goats of Capra prisca breed, while no significant differences were noted during early, mid or late lactation period in medium or long chain FA. In Skopelos breed, SCFA’s increased gradually from early to late lactation, while LCFAs followed a descending order. Enumeration of bacteria presented similar numbers of total viable count in milk of both breeds and higher number of Psychrotrophic ones in milk from Skopelos goats to domestic. Somatic cell counts (SCC) values were significant lower in Skopelos breed compared to Capra prisca. Caprine milk can be an important sourceof health promoting substances and deserves further investigation with specific investigation on milk of indigenous local breeds.
Traumatic uterine rupture in a queen at early stage of pregnancy
Authors: DE CESARIS V. , BRESCIANI C. , PARMIGIANI E. , RAVERA M. , VOLTA A. , CANTONI A. M. , BIGLIARDI E.
Published: February 2018

The rupture of a pregnant uterus is a rare complication of pregnancy, which can result in the death of the mother and the fetus. This life threating condition generally occurs during late pregnancy, it can be asymptomatic and scarred uteruses have been reported as incidental findings during abdominal surgery. This clinical case describes a queen with vulvar bleeding during the early stage of pregnancy. Wall laceration of a pregnant uterus was diagnosed by means of an ultrasound examination. During ovariohysterectomy two uterine ruptures, fragments of the great omentum were found sequestering embryonic tissue. Histopathology showed that the uterine wall was torn in the same place where two embryonic implantations were found and residues of embryonic tissue were observed. This clinical case shows that when a traumatic injury is reported, the mandatory abdomen investigations should evaluate the condition of the uterus and determine the early stage of a pregnancy.
Post parturient hemoglobinuria in a sheep flock
Authors: NAJARNEZHAD V. , JALILZADEH-AMIN G. , ASRI REZAEI S. , MOHSENI M.
Published: February 2018

The syndrome of intravascular hemolysis, hemoglobinuria, and anemia has been recognized in post parturient dairy cattle and buffaloes. In this report, the occurrence of post parturient hemoglobinuria in a sheep flock was described. Six ewes were affected and 3 of them were died. The affected animals had lambed 1-2 weeks before. The clinical signs included hemoglobinuria, tachycardia, tachypnea, weakness and recumbency. Serum phosphorus concentrations and PCV values were lower than reference parameters for sheep. Phosphorus supplementation and supportive treatment were recommended. In conclusion, grazing on frozen pasture following phosphorus deficiency could be responsible for the development of post parturient hemoglobinuria in the sheep flock.
Sialocele in the cat. A report of 2 cases
Authors: TSIOLI (Β. ΤΣΙΩΛΗ) V. , BRELLOU (Γ. ΜΠΡΕΛΛΟΥ) G. , SIZIOPKOU (Χ. ΣΙΖΙΟΠΚΟΥ) C. , VAMVAKEROU (Μ. ΒΑΜΒΑΚΕΡΟΥ) M. , GEORGAKI (Β. ΓΕΩΡΓΑΚΗ) V. , VOUTSINOU (Α. ΒΟΥΤΣΙΝΟΥ) A. , MASTORA (Χ. ΜΑΣΤΟΡΑ) C. , PAPAZOGLOU (Λ.Γ. ΠΑΠΑΖΟΓΛΟΥ) L. G.
Published: February 2018

In the present article the history, physical examination findings, laboratory test results, treatment, follow up and outcome of 2 cats with sialoceles were reported. Both cats were presented with a painless fluctuant cervical swelling. In one cat a ranula was also present. Aspiration of the swellings detected highly viscous fluid and cytology of the aspirates was consistent with the appearance of saliva. A diagnosis of sialocele was made. Both cats were managed by resection of the mandibular and sublingual gland complex through a lateral approach. In case 2 marsupialization of the ranula was also performed. The histopathological examination of the excised tissues in one cat was compatible with chronic inflammation of the mandibular and sublingual gland. The outcome was favorable in both cases and no relapses were detected after a mean follow up time of 13 months.
Seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium Complex in Wild Mammals in the Iberian Peninsula
Authors: MATOS A. C. , FIGUEIRA L. , MATOS M. , PINTO M. L. , COELHO A. C.
Published: February 2018

A retrospective serologic survey was conducted for antibodies against MAC in a random sample of 623 free-ranging wild mammals killed on roads and by hunters, or found dead in east-central Portugal. Animals were tested for antibodies to Mycobacterium avium complex with a commercial enzyme linked assay. The seroprevalence of Mycobacterium avium complex infection was 4.7% (n=29; CI 95%: 25.4 - 32.7%). Antibodies against MAC were detected in 4 out of 11 animal species included in this study, consisted of 1/42 red fox (Vulpes vulpes) (2.4%; CI 95%: 0.0-4.0%), 1/6 Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) (16.7%), 1/3 European badger (Meles meles) (33.3%), and 26/109 wild boar (Sus scrofa) (23.9%; CI 95%: 17.8-34.2%). Infection was found in three taxonomic families: 2.4% (CI 95%: 0.0-4.0%) in Canidae, 16.7% (CI 95%: 0.0-37.8%) in Mustelidae, and 23.9% (CI 95%: 17.8-34.2%) in Suidae. No positive sera were found in the common genet, Egyptian mongoose, beech marten, hedgehog, wild rabbit, red deer or fallow deer. Results of the present study indicate that antibodies against MAC were present in wild carnivores and wild boars in Iberian Peninsula. According to the test sensitivity and specificity claimed by the manufacturer, the true prevalence Mycobacterium avium complex infection among wild mammals in the Iberian Peninsula was calculated to be between 10.7% and 13.6%.
Hypocalcemic tetany in a pet lamb fed with cow milk
Authors: GIADINIS (Ν.Δ. ΓΙΑΔΙΝΗΣ) N. D. , ABD EL-TAWAB M. M. , POLIZOPOULOU (Ζ.Σ. ΠΟΛΥΖΟΠΟΥΛΟΥ) Z. S. , ARGIROUDIS (Σ. ΑΡΓΥΡΟΥΔΗΣ) S. , KARATZIAS (X. ΚΑΡΑΤΖΙΑΣ) H.
Published: February 2018

A 30-days old pet lamb, that was fed with cow milk and pieces of bread was admitted to the Clinic of Farm Animals, because on the same morning it was found inappetent and depressed. A few minutes after admission it developed muscular tremors and convulsions. On clinicopathological evaluation serum calcium concentration was lower than normal. Treatment with calcium borogluconate was very effective in alleviating the signs. Hypocalcemic tetany can occur in young lambs fed with cow milk.
NAD+ biosynthesis, aging, and disease
Authors: Johnson Sean , Imai Shin–ichiro
Published: February 2018

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) biosynthesis and its regulation have recently been attracting markedly increasing interest. Aging is marked by a systemic decrease in NAD+ across multiple tissues. The dysfunction of NAD+ biosynthesis plays a critical role in the pathophysiologies of multiple diseases, including age-associated metabolic disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental disorders. As downstream effectors, NAD+-dependent enzymes, such as sirtuins, are involved in the progression of such disorders. These recent studies implicate NAD+ biosynthesis as a potential target for preventing and treating age-associated diseases. Indeed, new studies have demonstrated the therapeutic potential of supplementing NAD+ intermediates, such as nicotinamide mononucleotide and nicotinamide riboside, providing a proof of concept for the development of an effective anti-aging intervention.
CellMap visualizes protein-protein interactions and subcellular localization
Authors: Dallago Christian , Goldberg Tatyana , Andrade-Navarro Miguel Angel , Alanis-Lobato Gregorio , Rost Burkhard
Published: February 2018

Many tools visualize protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks. The tool introduced here, CellMap, adds one crucial novelty by visualizing PPI networks in the context of subcellular localization, i.e. the location in the cell or cellular component in which a PPI happens. Users can upload images of cells and define areas of interest against which PPIs for selected proteins are displayed (by default on a cartoon of a cell). Annotations of localization are provided by the user or through our in-house database. The visualizer and server are written in JavaScript, making CellMap easy to customize and to extend by researchers and developers.
Nutritional status, survival and mortality in Alzheimer patients - a cross-sectional study
Authors: de Gregorio Elizama , Mendes Dayanna Hartmann Cambruzzi , Patrzyk Luan Henrique , Felski Luana , de Freita Guilherme Barroso Langoni , Bosetto Anne Karine , Fermino Bárbara Luisa , Haskel Maria Vaitsa Loch , Ivanski Flávia , Bonini Juliana Sartori , Diedrich Camila , da Silva Weber Cláudio Francisco Nunes
Published: February 2018

Introduction: Dementia is a common health problem in elderly people, Alzheimer disease (AD) being the most prevalent. AD can be considered as a cause of death and must be registered on the death certificate of the patients. However, most of the time, the main cause of death registered is not related to AD, but as an underlying or contributing cause. For example, individuals who have AD and die from myocardium infarction. This study aimed to analyze if nutritional status was associated with survival and mortality for AD, and if AD was reported as actual cause of death on the death certificate

Methods: The study was carried out as a cross-sectional study with elderly citizens of the community registered in the National Health System (SUS), with cognitive, nutritional, biochemical and hematological evaluations of 30 AD patients in Guarapuava, Paraná state, Brazil.

Results: Significant differences were not observed between live and dead patients when evaluated considering the methods applied. Only 22% of the death certificates stated death due to AD. The patient’s cause of death showed a strong relation to respiratory issues; potential explanations based on immunological, biochemical and comorbidity were not confirmed on this study.

Conclusions: AD was not declared as the cause of death in the majority of certificates, contributing to the underreporting and reducing the information of death due to AD in the country.
СПРАВОЧНАЯ ПРАВОВАЯ СИСТЕМА «КОНСУЛЬТАНТПЛЮС» КАК ИНСТРУМЕНТ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ МЕЖДИСЦИПЛИНАРНЫХ СВЯЗЕЙ В ВУЗЕ
Authors: Hamer Galina Viktorovna , Korneeva Rita Viktorovna
Published: February 2018

Стандарты высшего образования предусматривают освоение студентами комплексных универсальных, общепрофессиональных и профессиональных компетенций на основе междисциплинарных связей. Как показывает практика, в обучении различных дисциплин эффективно применение справочной правовой системы (СПС) «КонсультантПлюс». Освоение возможностей СПС является важной составляющей подготовки будущего специалиста, начинается с первых курсов обучения в рамках базовых дисциплин и должно использоваться в дальнейшем в течение всего срока обучения для нормативно-правового обеспечения различных дисциплин специализации.Цель – разработка и последующее внедрение в учебный процесс СПС «КонсультантПлюс» в качестве эффективного инструмента реализации связей между дисциплинами.Метод или методология проведения работы: использовались интерактивные методы обучения, а также статистические методы анализа результативности исследования.Результаты: повышение качества изучения СПС «КонсультантПлюс», приобретение опыта в решении актуальных практических задач, эффективный контроль знаний студентов.Область применения результатов: разработанную технологию изучения СПС «КонсультантПлюс» целесообразно применять в вузовском обучении при изучении различных дисциплин: правовых, дисциплин информационных технологий, статистических, дисциплин специальности, чтобы происходило эффективное освоение необходимых будущим специалистам компетенций.
АНАЛИЗ НАПРЯЖЕННО-ДЕФОРМИРОВАННОГО СОСТОЯНИЯ МОНОЛИТНОЙ БЕТОННОЙ КРЕПИ ПОДЗЕМНЫХ СООРУЖЕНИЙ НЕКРУГОВОГО ОЧЕРТАНИЯ
Authors: Bauer Maria Aleksandrovna
Published: February 2018

Приведены результаты исследований напряженно-деформированного состояния (НДС) крепи и грунтового массива подземных сооружений некругового очертания глубиной заложения до 50 м в неустойчивых наносных породах с заходками от 0,3 до 0,7 м. Исследование выполнено путём моделирования НДС массива грунта и твердеющего бетона монолитной крепи, возведенной вслед за подвиганием забоя.Для реализации предлагаемых технологических решений обеспечивающих крепление подземных сооружений монолитным бетоном для исключения применения временной крепи требуется использование особобыстротвердеющих составов. На основании исследований ряда модификаторов установлены изменения механических свойств наиболее эффективных составов, которые использованы для моделирования бетонной крепи сооружений с изменяющимися во времени характеристиками.Цель: обоснование ресурсосберегающей технологии строительства подземных сооружений некругового очертания в грунтовом массиве.Метод или методология проведения работы: исследования проведены методом конечных элементов (МКЭ) с использованием оптимального планирования эксперимента.Результаты: получены распределения напряжений в твердеющей бетонной крепи сооружений, установлены зоны концентрации напряжений, установлены величины смещений в грунтовом массиве и их распространение на поверхности.Область применения результатов: результаты исследований могут применяться при проектировании вариантов строительства подземных сооружений.
Mid-term follow-up of patients with hindfoot arthrodesis with retrograde compression intramedullary nail in Charcot neuroarthropathy of the hindfoot
Authors: Chraim M. , Krenn S. , Alrabai H. M. , Trnka H-J. , Bock P.
Published: February 2018

Aims

Hindfoot arthrodesis with retrograde intramedullary nailing has been described as a surgical strategy to reconstruct deformities of the ankle and hindfoot in patients with Charcot arthropathy. This study presents case series of Charcot arthropathy patients treated with two different retrograde intramedullary straight compression nails in order to reconstruct the hindfoot and assess the results over a mid-term follow-up.

Patients and Methods

We performed a retrospective analysis of 18 consecutive patients and 19 operated feet with Charcot arthropathy who underwent a hindfoot arthrodesis using a retrograde intramedullary compression nail. Patients were ten men and eight women with a mean age of 63.43 years (38.5 to 79.8). We report the rate of limb salvage, complications requiring additional surgery, and fusion rate in both groups. The mean duration of follow-up was 46.36 months (37 to 70).

Results

The limb salvage rate was 16 of 19 limbs. Three patients had to undergo below-knee amputation due to persistent infection followed by osteomyelitis resistant to parenteral antibiotic therapy and repeated debridement. Complications including infection, hardware removal, nonunion, and persistent ulcers requiring further intervention were also observed. Postoperative functional scores revealed significant improvement compared with preoperative scores on American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) – Hindfoot scale, Foot Function Index (FFI), visual analogue scale (VAS), and Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS).

Conclusion

The use of retrograde intramedullary compression nail results in good rates of limb salvage when used for hindfoot reconstruction in patients with Charcot arthropathy. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:190–6.
The effect of bearing surface on risk of periprosthetic joint infection in total hip arthroplasty
Authors: Hexter A. T. , Hislop S. M. , Blunn G. W. , Liddle A. D.
Published: February 2018

Aims

Periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) is a serious complication of total hip arthroplasty (THA). Different bearing surface materials have different surface properties and it has been suggested that the choice of bearing surface may influence the risk of PJI after THA. The objective of this meta-analysis was to compare the rate of PJI between metal-on-polyethylene (MoP), ceramic-on-polyethylene (CoP), and ceramic-on-ceramic (CoC) bearings.

Patients and Methods

Electronic databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane library, Web of Science, and Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature) were searched for comparative randomized and observational studies that reported the incidence of PJI for different bearing surfaces. Two investigators independently reviewed studies for eligibility, evaluated risk of bias, and performed data extraction. Meta-analysis was performed using the Mantel–Haenzel method and random-effects model in accordance with methods of the Cochrane group.

Results

Our search strategy revealed 2272 studies, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These comprised 11 randomized controlled trials and six observational studies. The overall quality of included studies was high but the observational studies were at high risk of bias due to inadequate adjustment for confounding factors. The overall cumulative incidence of PJI across all studies was 0.78% (1514/193 378). For each bearing combination, the overall incidence was as follows: MoP 0.85% (1353/158 430); CoP 0.38% (67/17 489); and CoC 0.53% (94/17 459). The meta-analysis showed no significant difference between the three bearing combinations in terms of risk of PJI.

Conclusion

On the basis of the clinical studies available, there is no evidence that bearing choice influences the risk of PJI. Future research, including basic science studies and large, adequately controlled registry studies, may be helpful in determining whether implant materials play a role in determining the risk of PJI following arthroplasty surgery. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:134–42.
Efficacy and safety of intra-articular versus intravenous tranexamic acid in reducing perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty
Authors: Subramanyam K. N. , Khanchandani P. , Tulajaprasad P. V. , Jaipuria J. , Mundargi A. V.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The aims of this study were to compare the efficacy and safety of intra-articular and intravenous (IV) tranexamic acid (TXA) in controlling perioperative blood loss in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) using a randomized, double-blinded equivalence trial.

Patients and Methods

A total of 182 patients aged between 45 and 75 years undergoing unilateral TKA at a tertiary centre were randomized to receive TXA, either 1.5 g intra-articularly after closure of the wound (n = 91) or two doses of 10 mg/kg IV (n = 91). The primary outcome measure was the reduction in the level of haemoglobin (Hb) in the blood on the fifth postoperative day. Secondary outcome measures were the total, visible, and hidden blood losses (TBL, VBL, HBL). We assumed equivalence of the primary outcome in both routes with a margin of ± 0.35gm/dl. Block randomization using computer-generated random numbers was used. The patients and the assessor of outcome were blinded.

Results

All patients completed the study. The mean difference in the reduction of the level of Hb between the two groups was -0.0055 gm/dl, with two-sided 95% confidence interval (CI) being -0.29 to 0.27, well within the predefined equivalence margin of ± 0.35gm/dl. The groups were comparable with regard to TBL, VBL, HBL, and complications. No patient needed a blood transfusion.

Conclusion

A single intra-articular dose and two IV doses of TXA give equivalent efficacy and safety in the management of blood loss at TKA. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:152–60.
Degenerative subtalar joints complicated by medial plantar intraneural cysts
Authors: Laumonerie P. , Lapègue F. , Reina N. , Tibbo M. , Rongières M. , Faruch M. , Mansat P.
Published: February 2018

Aims

The pathogenesis of intraneural ganglion cysts is controversial. Recent reports in the literature described medial plantar intraneural ganglion cysts (mIGC) with articular branches to subtalar joints. The aim of the current study was to provide further support for the principles underlying the articular theory, and to explain the successes and failures of treatment of mICGs.

Patients and Methods

Between 2006 and 2017, five patients with five mICGs were retrospectively reviewed. There were five men with a mean age of 50.2 years (33 to 68) and a mean follow-up of 3.8 years (0.8 to 6). Case history, physical examination, imaging, and intraoperative findings were reviewed. The outcomes of interest were ultrasound and/or MRI features of mICG, as well as the clinical outcomes.

Results

The five intraneural cysts followed the principles of the unifying articular theory. Connection to the posterior subtalar joint (pSTJ) was identified or suspected in four patients. Re-evaluation of preoperative MRI demonstrated a degenerative pSTJ and denervation changes in the abductor hallucis in all patients. Cyst excision with resection of the articular branch (four), cyst incision and drainage (one), and percutaneous aspiration/steroid injection (two) were performed. Removing the connection to the pSTJ prevented recurrence of mIGC, whereas medial plantar nerves remained cystic and symptomatic when resection of the communicating articular branch was not performed.

Conclusion

Our findings support a standardized treatment algorithm for mIGC in the presence of degenerative disease at the pSTJ. By understanding the pathoanatomic mechanism for every cyst, we can improve treatment that must address the articular branch to avoid the recurrence of intraneural ganglion cysts, as well as the degenerative pSTJ to avoid extraneural cyst formation or recurrence. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2018;100-B:183–9.
Reproductive Cancer Treatment Hospitalizations of U.S. Women With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Parish Susan L. , Son Esther , Powell Robyn M. , Igdalsky Leah
Published: February 2018

There is a dearth of existing research on the treatment of reproductive cancers among women with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). This study analyzed the 2010 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project Nationwide Inpatient Sample and compared the prevalence of reproductive cancer treatment hospitalization discharges among women with and without IDD. Discharges linked to women with IDD had higher incidences of cancer of the uterus and lower prevalence of cancer of the cervix. Moreover, discharges linked to women with IDD indicated these women were younger, had longer hospital stays, and were more likely to have public insurance coverage. Therefore, further research and targeted interventions to increase cancer prevention and screening are urgently needed.
Internal Affairs: Tenascin-C as a Clinically Relevant, Endogenous Driver of Innate Immunity
Authors: Marzeda Anna M. , Midwood Kim S.
Published: February 2018

To protect against danger, the innate immune system must promptly and accurately sense alarm signals, and mount an appropriate response to restore homeostasis. One endogenous trigger of immunity is tenascin-C, a large hexameric protein of the extracellular matrix. Upregulated upon tissue injury and cellular stress, tenascin-C is expressed during inflammation and tissue remodeling, where it influences cellular behavior by interacting with a multitude of molecular targets, including other matrix components, cell surface proteins, and growth factors. Here, we discuss how these interactions confer upon tenascin-C distinct immunomodulatory capabilities that make this matrix molecule necessary for efficient tissue repair. We also highlight in vivo studies that provide insight into the consequences of misregulated tenascin-C expression on inflammation and fibrosis during a wide range of inflammatory diseases. Finally, we examine how its unique expression pattern and inflammatory actions make tenascin-C a viable target for clinical exploitation in both diagnostic and therapeutic arenas.
El desarrollo de las multialfabetizaciones en las experiencias de extensión
Authors: De Camilloni Alicia
Published: February 2018

Prácticas de extensión; Educación experiencial; Multialfabetización
La intervención social desde la extensión universitaria: un modelo en construcción
Authors: Kessler María Elena , Angeloni Marcos Exequiel , Marzioni Sofía Clarisa , Lozeco Julio César
Published: February 2018

Extensión universitaria; Modelo de intervención; Políticas públicas
Caficultura, un espacio de encuentro entre la academia y el sector productivo
Authors: Burneo Valdivieso Juan Ignacio , Capa Mora Edwin Daniel , Jiménez Álvarez Leticia Salomé , Ochoa Cueva Pablo Alejandro
Published: February 2018

Educación en servicio; Docencia–extensión; Productores cafetaleros
Las voces de estudiantes del Profesorado de Geografía sobre la inclusión curricular de la extensión
Authors: Lossio Oscar , Ruben Alicia Beatriz
Published: February 2018

Extensión; Incorporación curricular; Educación experiencial; Investigación
Derribando muros: un aporte desde la extensión universitaria a los procesos de sustitución del manicomio
Authors: Chidichimo Mariana
Published: February 2018

Extensión universitaria; Usuarios de servicios de salud mental; Sustitución del manicomio; Inclusión social
Hacia el Segundo Manifiesto. Los estudiantes universitarios y el reformismo hoy
Authors: Rolfi Elba Beatriz
Published: February 2018

Hacia el segundo manifiesto: los estudiantes universitarios y el reformismo hoy es fruto de la extensa y comprometida trayectoria del Dr. Fernando Tauber con la universidad pública. Con prólogos de destacadas personalidades de los ámbitos académico y político, nacionales e internacionales —como lo son Tabaré Vázquez, Adriana Puiggrós, Ángel Plastino, Gustavo Cobreiro y Camila Vallejo—, este libro nos ofrece una recorrida histórica por las primeras universidades coloniales y republicanas de América Latina, las transformaciones de la universidad en el siglo XX, la mundialización de las universidades en el contexto contemporáneo y el rol de la universidad latinoamericana en este esquema.