bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Des défis structurels aux ambitions nouvelles
Authors: Gijs Anne-Sophie , Gijs Camille
Published: August 2019

Par son statut hybride, à la fois pays en développement et émergent, État africain et membre des BRICS, l’Afrique du Sud est concernée par la réflexion autour de l’avenir des partenariats stratégiques de l’UE et par la renégociation des accords de Cotonou. Analyser l’évolution des interactions entre l’UE et l’Afrique du Sud ces trente dernières années alimente donc le débat en cours à ces deux niveaux : grâce à une étude de terrain recueillant les points de vue sud-africains et européens, cet article interroge d’une part la notion de partenariat stratégique, en théorie et en pratique, et d’autre part analyse en quoi les défis rencontrés en Afrique du Sud peuvent enrichir la réflexion sur l’avenir du partenariat avec les pays ACP dits « plus avancés ». En effet, nombre d’entre eux combinent des caractéristiques similaires à l’Afrique du Sud (croissance ralentie, inégalités, hégémonie économique régionale et fragilité politique nationale), affirment leur autonomie et ne seront intéressés par la collaboration européenne que si celle-ci se distingue des concurrentes, mais également des schémas obsolètes “donateur-récipiendaire”, pour entamer une relation pragmatique plus subtile.
Les dialogues citoyens de la Commission européenne
Authors: Damay Ludivine , Delmotte Florence
Published: August 2019

Dans le cadre de l’Année européenne des citoyens en 2013, la Commission européenne inaugurait un nouveau dispositif, les « dialogues citoyens », visant à « restaurer la confiance » des citoyens à l’égard de l’Union européenne (UE) après plusieurs années de crise. Fondé sur l’observation de dialogues organisés en Belgique en 2013 et 2014, cet article revient sur les justifications initiales du dispositif et sur sa mise en œuvre en s’intéressant en particulier aux « sentiments » que les dialogues citoyens étaient censés susciter ou renforcer, en premier lieu le sentiment d’appartenance, et sur ceux qu’ils ont en définitive révélés, tel celui d’une impuissance accrue. L’article éclaire ces questions à la lumière des apports théoriques de Norbert Elias sur l’intégration nationale et postnationale.
Subversions locales et usages
Authors: Roger Antoine
Published: August 2019

Cet article traite de l’exclusion par manipulation des marchés de permis d’émission. Dans un premier temps, nous déterminons la valeur de l’exclusion que le permis représente. Puis, nous définissons la stratégie de surachat des permis et évaluons son impact sur le prix du permis. Nous en tirons alors un certain nombre de conclusions en termes de dotations initiales et de politique économique, après avoir illustré ces résultats par une application numérique.
Les transactions partenariales dans le travail social : des institutions incertaines
Authors: Lyet Philippe
Published: August 2019

Une recherche menée au début des années 2000 en France sur deux partenariats dans l’insertion sociale et professionnelle montre que les tensions entre les logiques des acteurs créent un contexte local fait d’incertitudes diverses et construisent une situation semi-structurée, caractéristiques des transactions sociales. Dans les deux cas, une forme d’institution de l’action marquée par la précarité et l’incertitude a émergé. Les acteurs, de manière visible ou officielle ou de manière plus clandestine, ont procédé à des arbitrages pour construire une « organisation » locale qui les a rassemblés. Les transactions sociales qui en ont résulté manquaient de la garantie de durée et du monopole du pouvoir légitime qui font la force de l’institution. Mais elles se sont développées parce qu’elles ont laissé aux acteurs des marges de manœuvre pour transiger.
Les capacités d’agir des travailleurs sociaux
Authors: Grimard Carolyne , Zwick Monney Martine
Published: August 2019

L’ empowerment étant souvent approché sous l’angle des destinataires des prestations sociales, cet article l’aborde sous celui des travailleurs sociaux. Au travers d’exemples tirés de nos recherches sur l’aide à l’insertion socioprofessionnelle (Zwick Monney, 2015) et l’aide aux sans-abri (Grimard, 2011, 2016), nous montrerons comment les professionnels, afin de construire la relation face à des situations paraissant sans solution, développent un ensemble de capacités et de stratégies reposant sur différentes formes de transactions sociales. Les professionnels font en effet face à un processus permanent d’arrangements, d’ajustements, de recherche de compromis, qui se concrétisent notamment sous la forme de coproduction des récits de vie et de mobilisation de ressources privées. Ces capacités d’agir étant aujourd’hui déterminantes dans l’intervention sociale, la question de leur développement est également abordée.
Le tutorat comme outil d’adaptation dans un contexte de changement : un champ d’observation pertinent de la transaction sociale
Authors: Boumedian Naoual , Laloy David
Published: August 2019

Si le concept de transaction sociale s’applique à divers domaines de la sociologie, nous mettons en avant sa valeur heuristique dans une recherche-action sur le « tutorat » dans différents secteurs dont celui de l’aide à la jeunesse, du handicap et des maisons d’accueil. Nous avons questionné notre terrain de recherche en prenant ce concept comme un analyseur de la réalité sociale qui permet de mettre en avant des nœuds de tension relatifs à la transmission des savoirs dans des contextes professionnels en mutation.
Design, Science et Technologie : quels modèles et idéauxtypes pour la recherche en science du design ?
Authors: Renard Laurent , Cloutier Martin
Published: August 2019

Si la Science et le Design semblent singulièrement identifiés et discutés comme disciplines fondamentales de la recherche en science du design (RSD), la Technologie y tient soit un rôle plus ténu ou n’est pas distinguée du Design. La cohésion et la cohérence entre les éléments de cette trialectique ne semblent pas avoir fait l’objet d’un examen approfondi dans les travaux théoriques en science du design (SD) en management et en systèmes d’information (SI). Pour clarifier la cohésion et la cohérence de cette trialectique que forment la Science, la Technologie et le Design, cet article propose un modèle de RSD qui repose sur l’identification et la distinction des trois disciplines fondamentales que sont le Design, la Technologie et la Science et de leur matrice disciplinaire respective. Cet article vise aussi à construire et à illustrer par le truchement d’exemples tirés d’articles scientifiques trois idéauxtypes de RSD que sont les configurations entre ces trois disciplines fondamentales : la recherche artefactuelle ; la recherche technologique ; et la recherche artefactuelle ET technologique.
Assessing the Strategic Alignment of Information Systems Projects: A Design Science Approach
Authors: Bourdeau Simon , Hadaya Pierre , Lussier Jean-Etienne
Published: August 2019

Les projets de technologies de l’information (TI) sont essentiels pour les organisations, car ce sont par ces projets que les objectifs et les orientations d’une stratégie TI se matérialisent. Cependant, le degré de réalisation d’une stratégie TI dépendra du degré d’alignement du projet TI, c.-à-d. dans quelle mesure les produits livrables du projet sont conformes aux objectifs du projet, lesquels sont à leur tour façonnés par la stratégie TI envisagée par l’organisation. Les praticiens et les universitaires ont tous deux souligné l’importance de l’alignement stratégique des projets TI et ont appelé au développement d’instruments permettant de mieux évaluer cet alignement. Malheureusement, à ce jour, un tel instrument n’a pas encore été développé. En utilisant une approche de recherche en science du design, cet article tente pour la première fois de combler cette lacune. L’instrument proposé devrait aider les universitaires à mieux comprendre le phénomène d’alignement des projets TI et son influence potentielle sur la réussite du projet et les performances organisationnelles. Cela devrait également aider les gestionnaires de projets TI à prendre de meilleures décisions dans l’espoir de réussir leurs projets.
International marketing related competences and SMEs’ export performance during the recession
Authors: Mogos Descotes Raluca , Walliser Björn
Published: August 2019

Cette étude examine l’influence des compétences en marketing international des PME sur leurs performances financières à l’exportation en période de récession économique. Une approche de recherche longitudinale a été utilisée afin d’observer l’évolution des compétences liées au marketing à l’exportation et de la performance à l’exportation des PME entre 2008 et 2012/2013. Les résultats suggèrent que le niveau global des compétences en marketing international des PME avant la récession est positivement lié à l’évolution de leur volume de ventes à l’exportation pendant la récession. En ce qui concerne l’évolution des compétences au cours de la période de crise, notre étude souligne que seule la progression des compétences stratégiques liées à l’exportation semble être corrélée positivement avec les résultats à l’exportation des PME.
Vers une nouvelle posture communicationnelle des marques envers les consommateurs : en quête d’humilité ?
Authors: Séré de Lanauze Gilles , Siadou-Martin Béatrice
Published: August 2019

Le consommateur d’aujourd’hui, connecté, averti mais également préoccupé par des enjeux économiques, sociétaux et environnementaux croissants, développe de nouvelles attentes à l’égard des marques, dont il exige certes toujours la performance des produits mais également une prise de responsabilité sociale et la démonstration d’une posture éthique. Dans ce contexte, des discours arrogants ou des attitudes hautaines de la part de marques ou d’enseignes sont difficilement tenables. Des professionnels ou experts marketing appellent ces dernières à davantage d’humilité. Mais, que recouvre ce terme ? Cette recherche, de nature exploratoire, cherche à définir les contours conceptuels, les enjeux et les bénéfices de la notion émergente d’humilité appliquée aux marques, grâce à une analyse de contenu des blogs de professionnels du marketing. Les résultats sont discutés et ouvrent sur des implications managériales pour la communication des marques.
Deception in consumer behavior research: A literature review on objective and perceived deception
Authors: Held Johanna , Germelmann Claas Christian
Published: August 2019

Les plaintes des consommateurs au sujet de tactiques marketing trompeuses retiennent beaucoup l’attention sur Internet et dans les médias. Par conséquent, il apparaît crucial d’approfondir la tromperie perçue par les consommateurs d’un point de vue théorique. Les travaux académiques traitent principalement de la tromperie objective du consommateur, alors que l’on en sait moins sur les perceptions de celle-ci par le consommateur. Cette recherche définit la tromperie perçue, ce qui permet aux chercheurs et aux praticiens de mieux comprendre la perspective du consommateur en matière de tromperie. Par la suite, une analyse systématique de 36 études ayant étudié de manière empirique la tromperie des consommateurs a été réalisée. En particulier, cette recherche propose sept facteurs expliquant la diversité des résultats (par exemple, les processus de modération et de médiation, diverses manipulations, différentes mesures). En expliquant les conséquences de la tromperie du consommateur, cet article dresse des implications pour les spécialistes du marketing, les chercheurs et les décideurs publics.
L’approche Snoezelen au sein d’une structure accueillant des adultes souffrant de handicap psychique
Authors: Mathiez Alice
Published: August 2019

Après la présentation de la médiation Snoezelen et la mise en place d’une salle dans le Foyer d’Accueil Médicalisé où j’exerce en tant que psychomotricienne, trois vignettes cliniques sont l’occasion d’illustrer ma pratique. L’approche Snoezelen est un soin non médicamenteux complémentaire dans le quotidien et la prise en charge globale des résidents que nous accompagnons.
Un lieu de vie - un lieu d’envie
Authors: Fougeray Frédéric
Published: August 2019

Faire d’une MAS un lieu de vie et d’envie signifie que l’accompagnement va au-delà de la réponse aux besoins fondamentaux de survie, de sécurité, de santé, de bien être et de respect de l’intégrité humaine. Il est alors question d’être attentif aux besoins exprimés par la personne elle-même et de repérer quelques indices de ses satisfactions ou malaises.
Effets de MAS
Authors: Bertaud Édouard
Published: August 2019

Si la place de la psychothérapie institutionnelle est toujours à interroger au sein des M.A.S., ses principes peuvent toutefois permettre une lecture des modifications à l’œuvre chez des résidants.
Dessin, écriture et allergie
Authors: Cady Sylvie
Published: August 2019

Le dessin se crée, grâce à la structuration qu’apporte la relation à trois (père, mère, enfant). Cette situation relationnelle différenciatrice, permet au corps et à l’espace, de devenir une base identitaire compréhensible. La représentation possible du corps, de l’espace, et de la temporalité, qui se synthétise symboliquement, lors de l’identification œdipienne, modèle cette structuration.
Maladie somatique et pubertaire, une coïncidence de traumatismes
Authors: de Kernier Nathalie
Published: August 2019

Lorsqu’un adolescent est confronté à une maladie somatique grave, deux traumatismes coïncident et s’intensifient. La fantasmatique œdipienne, et d’autant plus sa composante meurtrière, va tout particulièrement s’exacerber. Instaurer un traitement psychothérapeutique dans ces circonstances est peu aisé, l’adolescent étant généralement peu demandeur et pris par ses motions agressives qu’il a tendance à accumuler tacitement et à retourner contre lui. En nous appuyant sur quelques extraits de suivis, nous allons commenter les problématiques et processus psychiques mobilisés. Nous soulignerons à quel point la verbalisation des fantasmes meurtriers est un moteur de la psychothérapie, tant pour favoriser le déploiement du processus thérapeutique que pour soulager le patient et contribuer à un nouvel équilibre psychosomatique.
Quand « sexe » et « sexualité » entrent en collision chez l'adolescente
Authors: Gueniche Karinne , Nataf Nicole , Yi Mi-Kyung
Published: August 2019

Notre expérience clinique auprès de jeunes filles pubères qui viennent de subir un passage-à-l’acte sexuel et d’adolescentes qui présentent un syndrome de Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH), confrontées à l’indication souvent précipitamment proposée et acceptée d’une intervention chirurgicale de construction vaginale, oblige à interroger la singularité de l’accès à la vie sexuelle féminine et du sexuel précoce : sa dimension traumatique, le conflit d’ambivalence du lien mère-fille et le risque dépressif associé et l’importance du facteur relationnel dans la construction de l’intériorité corporelle.
Silence : ça tourne !
Authors: Bonnichon Delphine
Published: August 2019

Il s’agit d’interroger le recours à la somatisation chez l’adolescent garçon, recours pour le moins atypique, au regard du recours à l’acte hétéro-agressif plus fréquent chez ce dernier. Le sous-bassement fantasmatique du corps douloureux est exploré, au croisement des fantasmes parricide et homo-érotique. La fonction du silence qui semble s’imposer autour de ce corps douloureux est appréhendée en lien avec une problématique de perte.
L’adolescent et sa pulsion
Authors: Roman Pascal
Published: August 2019

La tension entre agir et inhibition traverse le processus adolescent et s’impose comme une forme de vectorisation souterraine des réaménagements psychiques initiés par le pubertaire. Il s’agira ici de reprendre quelques-unes des propositions fondatrices issues des travaux freudiens et post-freudiens afin d’interroger tout autant les conditions de possibilité que les impasses dans le déploiement et la résolution de cette tension. Le couple agir-inhibition croise nécessairement le couple activité-passivité, sans néanmoins pouvoir s’y confondre. La clinique des adolescents engagés dans des agirs violents sexuels permet d’illustrer les enjeux souvent paradoxaux qui se déploient dans ce cadre, dans ses traductions cliniques et psychothérapeutiques.
Du malaise dans la symbolisation à la reviviscence des ressources imaginatives
Authors: Katz-Gilbert Muriel
Published: August 2019

Souvent présentée sous l’angle d’une crise, l’adolescence gagne à être pensée sous l’angle du malaise qui s’installe au cœur du processus de symbolisation (Roussillon et al ., 2007). Or, favoriser sa relance dans la prise en soins des adolescents présentant des pathologies de l’agir ne va pas de soi. L’auteure fait part d’un aménagement original du psychodrame psychanalytique : la médiation par la mythologie favorise le processus de la double-contenance : dans l’objet médiateur d’une part, et dans les cliniciens de l’autre (Lo Piccolo, 2015). Une vignette clinique permet d’illustrer la mise en place d’un dispositif qui favorise la relance du processus de symbolisation.
Case Studies of Aircraft Fuselage Cracking
Authors: Al-Mukhtar A.M.
Published: August 2019

Fatigue plays a significant role in the crack growth of the fuselage skin structures. In addition, the fuselage may suffer also from the corrosion damage, and the wear defects. The proper maintenance and scheduled test intervals can avoid the sudden skin failure. Therefore, the inspection interval has to be shortened. Nevertheless, the young machines may be also suffering from the unexpected skin rupture. The cracks are emanating from the rivets and the holes under cyclic loading. The stress concentration around the notch has an effective role under the effect of cyclic loading. The cracks propagate toward the high stressed area such as the notches or other crack locations. The propagation into a critical crack size is rather fast and causes a sudden aircraft fuselage cracking. Hence, the number of cycles to failure will be decreased dramatically. During the last decades, the fracture toughness, design, and the new alloying element have been enhanced. The previous fuselage failures show that the inspections against the cracking are recommended even after a few thousand of cycles. To prevent the crack extending, the crack arresting is recommended to use around the fuselage.
Bond Behavior between Tuff and Fired-Clay Brick Masonry Blocks and SRG Composites
Authors: Baietti Giulia , Franzoni Elisa , Quartarone Giovanni , Fregni Alberto , Carloni Christian
Published: August 2019

This paper presents the results of single-lap direct shear tests on steel reinforced grout (SRG) strips bonded to fired-clay brick and tuff masonry blocks. For this experimental campaign, fifteen masonry blocks were constructed and reinforced with SRG composite strips. Fired-clay bricks and tuff blocks herein employed were collected from demolished historical structures in Modena and Naples (Italy), respectively. Eight out of fifteen blocks were subjected to an artificial weathering procedure to induce salt crystallization, and therefore reproduce the degradation conditions that the buildings could be subjected to during their life. Bond behavior of unconditioned strengthened specimens (i.e. SRG-masonry joints) was compared with the behavior of conditioned joints. Salt distribution, open porosity, and water absorption of brick and tuff masonry units as well as of the SRG composite matrix were analyzed to understand if and how the salt crystallization influenced the adhesion between the SRG strip and the block.
Modelling of Bond Behavior of Injected Anchors in Masonry Elements
Authors: Ceroni Francesca , Celano Thomas
Published: August 2019

The paper focuses attention on the performance of injected anchors embedded in masonry elements. The bond behaviour is investigated by means of a three-dimensional Finite Element model aimed to assess the global strength capacity of the injected anchors and to investigate the stresses distribution in the masonry element when some meaningful parameters change. Along the anchor-grout and grout-masonry interfaces, nonlinear bond laws have been assumed. Such laws have been assessed by comparing the FE model outcomes with the experimental results of pull-out tests carried out on ribbed steel bars embedded by means of lime-based grout in prisms made of tuff stones
Some Considerations about the Effects of the Bonding Length on the Effectiveness of Spike Anchors in CFRP Reinforcements of Masonry
Authors: Rotunno Tommaso , Fagone Mario , Bertolesi Elisa , Grande Ernesto , Milani Gabriele
Published: August 2019

The main results of an experimental program concerning masonry pillars reinforced by CFRP strips (also provided by spike anchors) subjected to single lap shear tests are described in this paper. The experimental results, also compared with a previous experimental program, allowed to analyze the increment of bearing capacity produced by spike anchors to CFRP sheets having different bonding length.
A Bending Test Set-Up for the Investigation of the Bond Properties of FRCM Strengthenings Applied to Masonry Substrates
Authors: Calabrese Angelo Savio , Colombi Pierluigi , D'Antino Tommaso
Published: August 2019

Existing masonry and reinforced concrete structures are characterized by a wide use of structural and non-structural masonry members such as structural walls, infill walls, arches, vaults etc. All these members are characterized by high vulnerability when subjected to seismic events, since unreinforced masonry has a negligible tensile strength. The use of fiber reinforced polymers (FRP) composites has become a common practice and it represents a light-weight, easy, fast, and non-invasive solution for rehabilitation of existing masonry structures. Fabric reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM) are relatively newly developed composite materials, representing a valid alternative to FRP in strengthening and retrofitting of existing reinforced concrete and masonry structures. Despite of the numerous advantages guaranteed by the inorganic matrix, the bond-behavior between the fibers and the embedding matrix is still under investigation. Different set-ups have been proposed in the literature to study the bond behavior of FRCM composites. Among them, single-and double-lap shear tests are the most commonly used. In this paper, the bond behavior of a polyparaphenylene benzobisoxazole (PBO) FRCM composite applied to masonry elements is studied using a bending and a single-lap shear test set-up. The bond capacities obtained by the two set-ups are analyzed and discussed.
Numerical Modelling of the Tensile Behaviour of BFRCM Strips
Authors: Monaco Alessia , D'Anna Jennifer , Oddo Maria Concetta , Minafò Giovanni , La Mendola Lidia
Published: August 2019

This paper aims at investigating the tensile behaviour of basalt fibres on cementitious matrix for the strengthening of masonry structures. The use of Basalt Fibre Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (BFRCM) is favourably considered by the scientific community because it represents a natural composite material with high compatibility with stone and masonry substrate. The study is developed through the generation of Finite Element (FE) models capable of reproducing the tensile behaviour of BFRCM strips with different number of layers of grid. For the scope, the micro-modelling approach is adopted assuming different levels of detail for the simulation of the interface constitutive behaviour. Fibre and substrate are modelled separately and the interface between the two components is simulated by introducing numerical contact properties for reproducing the perfect bond condition, on one hand, and the cohesive tangential slip, on the other hand. The damage of the composite system is investigated using proper damage numerical models at the interface.
Bond Behaviour of FRCM Composites: Effects of High Temperature
Authors: Iorfida Antonio , Candamano Sebastiano , Crea Fortunato , Ombres Luciano , Verre Salvatore , de Fazio Piero
Published: August 2019

The fire remains one of the serious potential risks to most buildings and structures, as recently it’s been witnessed in Paris’ historic Notre Dame Cathedral and London’s Grenfell Tower. Concrete and masonry construction materials suffer physiochemical changes and mechanical damage caused by heating that is usually confined to the outer surface but can eventually compromise their load-bearing capacity. FRCM systems could provide when applied, supplemental fire insulation on pre-existing structural members, but there is a lack of knowledge about their properties in those conditions. This experimental work, thus, aims to evaluate the mechanical behaviour of carbon-FRCM and basalt-FRCM composites bonded to masonry substrate after high temperature exposure. Temperatures of 100 °C, 300 °C and 500 °C over a period of three hours were used to investigate the degradation of their mechanical properties. Single lap shear bond tests were carried out to evaluate the bond-slip response and failure modes. For all the tested temperatures higher peak stresses were measured for carbon-FRCM composite than basalt ones. Furthermore, low-density basalt-FRCM composite showed higher peak stresses and lower global slips up to 300 °C than high-density one. Carbon-FRCM composite failure mode was not effected by temperature. High-density basalt-FRCM composite showed a change in failure mode between 300 °C and 500 °C.
TRM-to-Masonry Bond under Elevated Temperatures: Lightweight versus Normalweight Matrices
Authors: Askouni Paraskevi D. , Papanicolaou Catherine Corina G. , Kaffetzakis Michael I.
Published: August 2019

In the last decade, Textile Reinforced Mortar (TRM) systems have increasingly been gaining ground as a means of strengthening damaged or seismically deficient masonry structures, in addition to counterpart reinforced concrete ones. The existing experimental data on the behavior of TRM materials (used as externally bonded reinforcement on masonry – or concrete – substrates) under elevated temperatures still remains scarce. This work aims at enriching the existing data on the influence of elevated temperatures on the TRM-to-masonry bond conditions. The applied TRM systems consisted of a cementitious mortar with normalweight (limestone) or lightweight (pumice) aggregates. Shear bond tests on single-lap/single-prism specimens were conducted after the exposure of the specimens at different temperature levels. All specimens (masonry prisms with ridge-faced fired clay bricks) were unilaterally furnished with a dry AR glass TRM comprising a single textile layer; TRM bond length was kept constant for all specimens tested. Tests were carried out by varying both the type of matrix employed (normalweight vs. lightweight) and the exposing temperature. The experimental results provide an insight on the effect of mortar type (comprising either normalweight or lightweight sand) on the TRM-to-masonry bond capacity as a function of the exposure temperature.
Freeze-Thaw Durability of Lime Based FRCM Systems for Strengthening Historical Masonry
Authors: Pekmezci Bekir Y. , Arabaci Egemen , Ustundag Cenk
Published: August 2019

In recent years, FRCM systems have become a preferred strengthening system in reinforced concrete structures together with masonry structures. The most important factor in the choice of FRCM as a strengthening system is its compatibility with concrete or masonry substrates. In addition, high fire resistance is an important factor in their preference. The components of FRCM composites are known to have high durability separately. However, the durability of composites, composed of a combination of fabric and matrices is still a matter of no detailed reported knowledge. In this experimental study, the durability properties of FRCM composites with lime matrix reinforced with glass and glass-polypropylene hybrid fabrics were investigated. Composite samples were subjected to tensile and bending tests before and after freeze thaw cycles. Load-deformation relations were obtained. As a result of the experimental study, the following results can be drawn: Following freeze thaw cycles, reduction in the bending and tensile performances of the biaxial glass fabric reinforced composite samples as well as matrix samples were obtained. A significant decrease of deformation capability was determined for biaxial glass fabric reinforced matrices and plain matrix.
Adhesion between SRP and Masonry: Influence of Moist Condition of Specimens and Presence of Salts in the Substrate
Authors: Yuan Yu , Gentilini Cristina , Carloni Christian , Franzoni Elisa
Published: August 2019

In recent years, steel reinforced polymer (SRP) composites have emerged as a new technology for structural strengthening, and several researches have validated the effectiveness of SRP for masonry strengthening. Research has been carried out to study the bond behavior of SRP composites applied to a masonry substrate. However, how the moist and salt on masonry surface will affect bond, which is the weak link in real strengthening applications, is little known yet. This study aims at investigating the bond behavior of SRP composites applied to moist and salt-laden masonry blocks that were subjected to an artificial weathering protocol. Single-lap shear tests were conducted to determine the bond behavior, while ion chromatography provided the salts distribution of weathered specimens to interpret some results of the shear tests.
Mechanical and Thermal Characterization of FRCM-Matrices
Authors: Longo Fabio , Cascardi Alessio , Lassandro Paola , Sannino Alessandro , Aiello Maria Antonietta
Published: August 2019

Architectural heritage manifests both structural and energy deficiencies with respect to the requirements stated in the technical codes. Nowadays, among the possible strengthening solutions, it is of great interest the use of the fabric-reinforced cementitious matrix (FRCM), which consists in a fibrous mesh grid embedded in a mortar (inorganic matrix). The FRCMs may ensure simultaneous advantages recognizable in static and insulation improvements. Thus, it is reasonable to design the FRCM-application by considering both the mechanical and the energy properties. In this scenario, the goal of the research is to experimentally determine the mechanical and the thermal capacities of FRCM-matrices. In such way, the correlation between the proportion of the constituents and the effectiveness (structural and energetic) of the system is investigated. In detail, the FRCM-matrices were characterized by compressive and flexural tests, as well as, by thermal conductivity measurements. In particular, different percentages in volume of aggregates were replaced with recycled materials (i.e. waste tire rubber), in order to quantify the possible decrease in the mechanical strength and the enhancement of the thermal insulation with respect to the substitution rates.
Experimental and Numerical Analysis of FRCM Strengthened Parabolic Tuff Barrel Vault
Authors: Bove Martino , Castellano Anna , Fraddosio Aguinaldo , Scacco Jacopo , Milani Gabriele , Piccioni Mario Daniele
Published: August 2019

This work focuses on an experimental and numerical study of a tuff barrel vault first damaged by differential vertical settlements of the abutments without rotations, then reinforced with a FRCM system composed by a fiber-reinforced mortar embedding a basalt fiber net, and finally subjected to a concentrated load on a generatrix (still ongoing). The geometry of the vault (polycentric near parabolic shape) and the masonry material (Apulian tuff) have been chosen in order to be representative of some masonry vaults common in rural constructions of Apulia region; also, a load representative of the infill weight has been applied during all the experimental tests. In parallel to the experiments, numerical simulations by a heterogeneous FE Abaqus model calibrated on the experimentally determined mechanical properties of materials have been performed. This model aims at reproducing the settlement phase and to accurately predict the load bearing capacity of the reinforced structure. To this aim, Concrete Damage Plasticity model has been used for modeling mortar joints and cementitious matrix, whereas tuff bricks have been assumed linearly elastic; finally, the basalt fiber net used in the FRCM reinforced has been described by suitable equivalent elasto-damaging trusses.
Discrete and Finite Element Models for the Analysis of Unreinforced and Partially Reinforced Masonry Arches
Authors: Baraldi Daniele , Boscato Giosuè , de Carvalho Bello Claudia Brito , Cecchi Antonella , Reccia Emanuele
Published: August 2019

In this work the behavior of masonry arches, without reinforcement and with partial reinforcement, is investigated by means of three different numerical models. The first one is a Discrete Element model based on rigid blocks, and elastic-plastic interfaces; the second one is a standard heterogeneous Finite Element Model, which is adopted for a detailed micro-modelling of arch voussoirs, joints, and reinforcements. The third model is analytic-numerical, and it is adopted for validating the other numerical results. The aim of the work is the comparison and validation of the numerical Finite and Discrete Element models for the correct simulation of masonry arch behavior, together with the evaluation of the effectiveness of these models in simulating the behavior of the partially reinforced arch.
Plastic Analysis of Masonry Arches Reinforced with FRCM under Vertical and Horizontal Forces
Authors: Como Mario , Coccia Simona , di Carlo Fabio
Published: August 2019

Aim of this paper is the evaluation of the increasing of the load-carrying capacity of masonry arches strengthened at intrados extrados with poliparafenilenbenzobisoxazole (PBO) fabric reinforced cementitious mortar composite. An analytical procedure is proposed, in the Limit Analysis context, considering two schemes of load: a vertical load applied at the crown of the arch and a horizontal distribution proportional to the weight. The presence of the composite material is introduced by considering a plastic behaviour of the hinges defining the virtual kinematic mechanism compatible with the Limit Analysis hypotheses. Two assumptions on these mechanisms are made: a correct position of the hinges inside the cross-section of the masonry arch or a simplified location at the intrados or at the extrados of the structure. Finally, a parametric survey is carried out in order to understand the influence of the involved parameters on the load-carrying capacity of the strengthened masonry arches.
Finite Hinge Stiffness and its Effect on the Capacity of a Dry-Stack Masonry Arch Subjected to Hinge Control
Authors: Stockdale Gabriel , Sarhosis Vasilis , Milani Gabriele
Published: August 2019

With each new earthquake the damages to vaulted masonry and their vulnerability are continuously observed. Understanding the behaviour of these systems continues to increase, and reinforcement strategies and techniques are continually advancing. The application of reinforcement is often done such that the failure of the system is transformed directly from one of stability to strength. This direct transformation overlooks the intermittent stages that exist, and thus provides a partial picture of the system. An experimental campaign was carried out to test the capacity of a dry-stack masonry arch subjected to hinge control and failed through a tilting test. From the experimentation, it was observed that controlling the hinge locations can increase the resistance of the arch while also providing a defined failure mechanism, but the capacity of the system was greatly reduced when compared to numerical results. Investigation into the capacity reduction revealed stable mechanical deformations resulting from a non-rigid reinforced base joint. This work focuses on the relationship between capacity and stable deformations to calculate a rotational stiffness value for the non-rigid reinforced base joint.
Defining the Structurally Compatible Uses of Ancient Vaults: A Comparison between Traditional and Modern Modelling Approaches
Authors: Coïsson Eva , Ferretti Daniele , Boni Claudio , Tasora Alessandro
Published: August 2019

The Conservation of Historical Architectural Heritage Cannot Be Limited only to a Series of Isolated Interventions on Materials and Structures, but must Include Also the Maintenance or Insertion of Compatible Uses, which can Guarantee a Continuous Upkeep. the Exploitation of Heritage, nevertheless, is a Wedge Issue, as it Involves New Loads, more Wear, Different Environmental Conditions, which can Induce Changes in their Behaviour which are Hard to Foresee.This Contribution Aims to Analyse in Particular the Structural Issues Involved in the Use Changes or in the Adaptation of a Pre-Existing Use to New Functional or Normative Requirements. Indeed, for a Correct Management of the Built Heritage, the Choice of the Structurally Compatible Uses Cannot Disregard a Specific Analysis Aimed at the Identification of the Structure Bearing Capacity and Focusing on the Indications to Combine Functional and Structural Needs.The Proposed Case Study, on which the Approach is Applied, Regards the Pilotta National Museum, in Parma, that is Undergoing a Reorganization of the Visit Paths and a Reconsideration on the Uses Allocated to some Spaces. more Specifically, a Vaulted Room over a Long Barrel Vault is Asked to Host New Functions and Carry New Loads, Whose Compatibility with the Preservation of the Monumental Structure must Be Assessed.For the Assessment of the Structural Compatibility Levels, Different Modelling Approaches Have been Tested, in Order to Compare their Results and to Analyze their Pros and Cons in this Type of Evaluation. on One Side, Traditional Methods were Chosen: the Graphic Méry Method and the Heyman Limit Analysis Have been Applied to a System of 2D Arches Composing the Vault. on the other Side, the Edge Cutting Chronoengine Distinct Element Model Have been Also Tested, under the same Conditions. in all Cases, Calculations Have been Made Changing both Values and Positions of the Loads, Depending on the Requests for the New Use of the Vault.The Results are Compared both in Terms of Stresses inside the Masonry and in Terms of Deformation of the Structural Elements, Evaluating the Types of Information and Detail that the Different Approaches can Supply. the Results of the Numerical Method Allow to Assess the Validity of the Traditional Approaches. on the other Side, the Possible Contribution of the Traditional Methods to the Calibration of the Parameters for the Numerical Models is Also Discussed.The Results, at Last, will Be Adopted to Propose Limitations to the Possible Uses and to Give Specific Indications about the Setting up of the Museum Exhibitions.
Dynamic Response of FRCM Reinforced Masonry Arches
Authors: Castellano Anna , Fraddosio Aguinaldo , Scacco Jacopo , Milani Gabriele , Piccioni Mario Daniele
Published: August 2019

The problem of the dynamic behavior of masonry arches and vaults has gained increasing interest in recent years, since the key role of these structural elements in the masonry constructions, especially of historic interest. Despite this, the literature still lacks a sufficiently large number of contributions on this important subject, and this deficiency is even more marked for the case of reinforced masonry. In this context, the present paper shows and discusses some preliminary experimental results on full-scale dynamic tests on unreinforced and GFRCM-reinforced Apulian tuff masonry arches. The experiments have been performed by using a test bench appositely designed and built; the dynamic excitation consisted of a harmonic base motion with fixed amplitude and increasing frequency. The acceleration in suitable points of the arches, the base shear and the base motion have been continuously monitored during the tests.
FRCM/SRG - Masonry Joints: Experimental Investigation and Numerical Modelling
Authors: Ombres Luciano , Iorfida Antonio , Verre Salvatore
Published: August 2019

The results of single-lap shear tests, performed on specimens with Fiber Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) or Steel Reinforced Grout (SRG) composite strips bonded to masonry unit, are presented in this paper. This study indicates a different type of failure modes occur in PBO FRCM and SRG – masonry joints, respectively. The PBO-FRCM exhibited the typically telescopic failure mode while the SRG shows a slippage of the fibers and fracture of the external matrix layer at the fiber-matrix interface for both the composite systems investigated. Moreover, a 3D numerical model by the commercial code ABAQUS was realized, it is calibrated on the results present in this study. The macro model approach was used with two different bond-slip relationships present in literature. The validity of the numerical model is verified by the comparison with the experimental results in terms of the applied load-global slip and the crack patterns.
Numerical Constitutive Models of Low Tensile Strength Materials for the Description of Mechanical Behavior of Rammed Earth Masonry
Authors: Fagone Mario , Loccarini Federica , Ranocchiai Giovanna , Rotunno Tommaso
Published: August 2019

The preservation and enhancement of traditional earthen masonry structures as well as the practice of new construction with raw earth material is nowadays matter of investigation. At this stage of research, experimental analysis needs to be supported by numerical analysis to corroborate and interpret results and, successively, to extend the analysis to more complex load conditions, tune design methods and define quick verification formulas for simple structures. For this reason, constitutive models provided by engineering simulation software for mechanical analysis, to describe low tensile strength materials, have been used to reproduce mechanical tests and have been compared. The arch was selected as the best case study to test the response of constitutive models suitable for a low tensile strength material and, in a successive stage of research, the efficiency and the modelling of reinforcement techniques.
First-Aid and Provisional Devices in Historical Structures with Collapse Risk after Seismic Shock
Authors: Ferrari Lia
Published: August 2019

Realization of first-aid devices for the safety of heavily damaged structures of the Cultural Heritage assets is one of the main problems in the post-earthquake emergency phase. However, the adopted solutions, characterized by the utmost urgency, often appear uneven, ineffective and expensive. Six years after the earthquake in Emilia Romagna Region, which damaged numerous historical buildings, above all churches, it seems worthwhile to reflect on the management of the post-earthquake emergency and reconstruction interventions. As a matter of fact, in 2012, many Public Institutions were unprepared to deal with such an event: the lack of an appropriate knowledge about how to intervene in such conditions has led to solutions that are unnecessarily expensive, technically ineffective and, sometimes, even harmful for the building itself. Frequently, the strengthening devices had to be entirely redesigned during the subsequent phase of definitive intervention, entailing additional costs for the removal of those realized in the emergency phase. The cases in which the provisional devices have been designed in preparation for the final strengthening, sometimes even becoming definitive themselves, are rare. Therefore, this experience has raised some reflections concerning the functionality of the temporary safety measures. It has been noticed that an appropriate design of the provisional devices is fundamental in order to avoid interventions that could compromise the value of the architectural asset, to allow the knowledge of the structure for designing the definitive strengthening and to consider the permanent implications of such safety measures. This note presents some case-studies related to strengthening actions following the 2012 earthquake in Emilia, aiming to identify possible solutions for implementing the first-aid interventions in an integrated way with the subsequent strengthening phase in order to significantly reduce economic, material and time costs.
Advanced Seismic Analyses of “Apennine Churches” Stroked by the Central Italy Earthquakes of 2016 by the Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics Method
Authors: Ferrante Angela , Ribilotta Elisa , Giordano Ersilia , Clementi Francesco , Lenci Stefano
Published: August 2019

The dynamic behaviour and the seismic vulnerability of different masonry “Apennine Churches”, dramatically damaged by the last shocks sequence of 2016 that occurred in Central Italy, have been studied in this paper by means of advanced 3D numerical analyses with the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Thus, a discontinuous approach has been used to assess the dynamic properties and the vulnerability of the masonry structure, through large deformations regulated by the Signorini’s law, concerning the impenetrability between the rigid bodies, and by the Coulomb’s law, regarding the dry-friction model. The major purpose of this study is to highlight that relevant data on the real structural behaviour of historical masonry can be provided through advanced numerical analyses. The comparison between the results of the numerical simulation and the survey of the existing crack pattern of the churches permitted to validate the used approach. Finally, from the results and conclusions of these cases study, it is possible to affirm that the used methodology can be applied to a wide variety of historical masonry structure in Europe.
Masonry Spires: 3D Models to Understand their Seismic Vulnerability
Authors: Zanazzi Elena , Coïsson Eva , Ferretti Daniele , Lorenzelli Alessio
Published: August 2019

The May 2012 Emilia earthquake has highlighted the important vulnerability of masonry spires at the top of bell towers of churches. Indeed, almost half of those in the epicentral area have shown a typical damage mechanism consisting in the shear sliding and overturning of the top of the spire. Given the recurrence of this phenomenon, the present paper tries to provide a contribution to the comprehension of the seismic behaviour of the spires through the numerical analysis of three case studies. In particular, the work analyses the spires of the churches of San Nicola di Bari in Cortile, near Carpi (MO); Sant'Egidio in Cavezzo (MO), and Sant'Agostino in Sant'Agostino (FE). The numerical models of these masonry structures were made using Abaqus Finite Element software. After the creation of the three-dimensional geometric models, a first nonlinear static analysis of the entire bell tower was performed adopting for masonry the Abaqus “concrete damage plasticity model”. Once the stability of the bell tower was verified for dead loads, the non-linear time-step dynamic analysis was faced. This required the definition of the seismic input at the base of the tower, through the accelerograms recorded by the closest stations. The nonlinear dynamic analysis of the global model of the bell tower provided the floor response spectra at the base and at the top of the spire. Indeed the comparison between spectra at the ground and at the top highlights the filter effect of the stem of the bell tower with a significant increase in accelerations at the top. This effect may explain the widespread damage observed at the top of the spires. Eventually, three different non-invasive intervention techniques were proposed in compliance with the principles of restoration and were modelled to compare their behaviour.