bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The development of a positive behaviour support programme for families following acquired brain injury
Authors: Fisher Alinka , Bellon Michelle , Lawn Sharon , Lennon Sheila
Published: October 2018

Background/Aims:

Families require more specialised support to manage behaviours of concern following acquired brain injury within community settings. Evidence supports the involvement of family caregivers in behaviour interventions, however there are no validated behaviour support approaches for individuals with acquired brain injury emphasising family involvement. This research aims to (1) gain insight from rehabilitation professionals and family caregivers on best practice in behaviour support following acquired brain injury in community settings, and (2) obtain feedback on the proposed Family-directed Positive Behaviour Support Programme, which aims to enhance the capability of family caregivers in supporting behavioural changes in an individual following acquired brain injury.

Methods:

Rehabilitation professionals (n=8) and family caregivers (n=3) completed a three-round Delphi study with the aim of reaching consensus (75% agreement) regarding research objectives.

Findings:

All items presented regarding best practice in supporting family caregivers with behaviour support reached consensus. Results were used to refine the content and format of delivery of the Family-directed Positive Behaviour Support programme.

Conclusions:

Findings suggest an agreement regarding what support is needed, yet this is still not being provided. The Delphi process has made significant contribution to the Family-directed Positive Behaviour Support programme, which aims to inform a family-directed approach to behaviour support following acquired brain injury in community settings.
Collagen stimulation with a range of polycaprolactone dermal fillers
Authors: Goodwin Patricia
Published: October 2018

The ideal dermal filler for facial rejuvenation and volume restoration is one capable of creating natural results, with great longevity, rapid recovery, and high patient and practitioner satisfaction. Patricia Goodwin discusses the safety and efficacy of biostimulation with the Ellansé range of polycaprolactone dermal fillers, and provides two case studies of patients with facial volume loss
Parent Engagement in the Transition From School to Adult Life Through Culturally Sustaining Practices: A Scoping Review
Authors: Wilt Courtney L. , Morningstar Mary E.
Published: October 2018

The increasingly diverse population in the United States calls for schools to address the breadth of cultural histories students bring with them to the classroom. High school students with disabilities are also diverse in terms of cultural histories, race, ethnicities, religions, and citizenship. These factors intersect as families engage in planning for the transition to adulthood. A requisite for culturally diverse families with young adults who receive services under the educational category of intellectual disability (ID) are school professionals who can meaningfully collaborate. This review of literature from peer-reviewed journals seeks to understand if culturally responsive practices are utilized with culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) families during transition planning. This review also explored whether culturally sustaining practices strengthen partnerships between teachers and CLD families and adolescents with disabilities, including those with ID. Implications are associated with how teachers can perceive diversity from a strengths perspective as a vital component of transition planning.
Hispanic Caregiver Experiences Supporting Positive Postschool Outcomes for Young Adults With Disabilities
Authors: Francis Grace L. , Gross Judith M. S. , Lavín Carlos E. , Velazquez Lu Ankely Casarez , Sheets Nicholas
Published: October 2018

The rate of competitive employment, or employment in community settings for minimum wage or higher, of working-age individuals with disabilities trails behind individuals without disabilities in the United States. These statistics are even more alarming among Hispanic individuals who have disabilities. The purpose of this study was to explore the negative and positive experiences of Hispanic caregivers from a Midwestern state as they support their family members with disabilities to achieve positive postschool outcomes, including competitive employment. We conducted semistructured interviews with 13 caregivers of family members with disabilities aged 14–25 years. Three key themes emerged from our analysis: (a) negative experiences with school educators, (b) negative experiences with community-based service providers, and (c) positive experiences and strategies for overcoming barriers. Implications for practice and future research are discussed.
Empowerment and Resilience in Families of Adults With Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities
Authors: Caldwell Jillian A. , Jones Jennifer L. , Gallus Kami L. , Henry Carolyn S.
Published: October 2018

Using the family resilience model, we examined the association between empowerment, family member age, length of institutionalization, and resilience among family members of relatives with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) following deinstitutionalization. Participants included 56 family members whose relatives with IDD recently transitioned to community living. Results strongly indicate empowerment plays a key role in positive family adaptation. Thus, following a relative's move from an institution to the community, empowerment is a promising form of protection that holds potential to increase family resilience. The results of the current study support the family resilience model as a foundation for future research regarding how families navigate significant transitions throughout the lifespan. Implications for practice and policy are provided.
Full-depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography technology insensitive to phase disturbance
Authors: Yi Luying , Sun Liqun , Ming Xianshun , Zou Mingli
Published: October 2018

To achieve full-depth spectral domain optical coherence tomography in the case of strong environmental disturbance, the iterative phase-shifting (IPS) method and modified dispersion-coded (MDC) method are proposed in this work. In IPS, the precise amount of phase shift is retrieved by iteration, and the direction of the phase shift is determined by dispersion compensation. Conjugate mirror items and noise can be simultaneously eliminated by two captured interferograms, whereas only one of them can be removed in the traditional phase-shift method with two interferograms. In MDC, they are removed through dispersion compensation and signal extraction with a single interferogram. Full-depth images of a glass slide, an onion, and a live fish eye are obtained by the two methods. The advantages and disadvantages of each method are analyzed and compared. IPS is found to be more effective for removing conjugate artifacts, whereas MDC is more conducive to real-time imaging. For a 2 mm × 3.6 mm image of a fish eye (200 depth scans and 1200 spectral sampling points per depth scan), the mirror image artifact is reduced by 28.55 dB in MDC and 41.53 dB in IPS. Processing times are 5.1 seconds (20 iterations) for the IPS method and 0.91 seconds for MDC.
Determination of confocal profile and curved focal plane for OCT mapping of the attenuation coefficient
Authors: Stefan Sabina , Jeong Ki-Soo , Polucha Collin , Tapinos Nikos , Toms Steven A. , Lee Jonghwan
Published: October 2018

The attenuation coefficient has proven to be a useful tool in numerous biological applications, but accurate calculation is dependent on the characterization of the confocal effect. This study presents a method to precisely determine the confocal effect and its focal plane within a sample by examining the ratio of two optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. The method can be employed to produce a single-value estimate, or a 2D map of the focal plane accounting for the curvature or tilt within the sample. Furthermore, this method is applicable to data obtained with both high numerical aperture (NA) and low-NA lenses, thereby furthering the applicability of the attenuation coefficient to high-NA OCT data. We test and validate this method using standard samples of Intralipid 20% and 5%, improving the accuracy to 99% from 65% compared to the traditional method and preliminarily show applicability to real biological data of glioblastoma acquired in vivo in a murine model.
A ECOLOGIA DOS MEIOS E A TECNOLOGIA COMO IMERSÃO CULTURAL
Authors: Pischetola Magda , Daluz Liliane Balonecker
Published: October 2018

A perspectiva teórica da ecologia dos meios, abordada por McLuhan (1962), Postman (1970) e Ong (1982), compreende as mídias como ambientes culturais imersivos, em que os aspectos relacionais ganham relevância. Migrando o foco dos efeitos das mídias para as linguagens que as constituem, a ecologia dos meios busca compreender as mudanças significativas que as tecnologias trazem nas esferas comunicativas, políticas, econômicas e sociais. O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a integração de tecnologias no ambiente escolar sob a perspectiva da ecologia dos meios, apresentando uma pesquisa desenvolvida entre 2014 e 2016 em oito escolas municipais da cidade do Rio de Janeiro. O estudo, de cunho qualitativo, envolveu 80 sujeitos de pesquisa, entre professores, diretores e coordenadores pedagógicos. Os resultados apontam para a presença da tecnologia na escola em sua vertente cultural e, ao mesmo tempo, para vicissitudes que envolvem o reconhecimento e a dificuldade em lidar com essa presença.
Map Projection Education in General Cartography Textbooks: A Content Analysis
Authors: Kessler Fritz
Published: October 2018

As developments in the field of map projections occur (e.g., the deriving of a new map projection), it would be reasonable to expect that those developments that are important from a teaching standpoint would be included in cartography textbooks. However, researchers have not examined whether map projection material presented in cartography textbooks is keeping pace with developments in the field and whether that material is important for cartography students to learn. To provide such an assessment, I present the results of a content analysis of projection material discussed in 24 cartography textbooks published during the twentieth and early twenty-first centuries. Results suggest that some material, such as projection properties, was discussed in all textbooks across the study period. Other material, such as methods used to illustrate distortion patterns, and the importance of datums, was either inconsistently presented or rarely mentioned. Comparing recent developments in projections to the results of the content analysis, I offer three recommendations that future cartography textbooks should follow when considering what projection material is important. First, textbooks should discuss the importance that defining a coordinate system has in the digital environment. Second, textbooks should summarize the results from experimental studies that provide insights into how map readers understand projections and how to choose appropriate map projections. Third, textbooks should review the impacts of technology on projections, such as the web Mercator projection, programming languages, and the challenges of projecting raster data.
A Review on Evaluation of Wireless Medical Monitoring Schemes and Analysis over Shared Operating Frequency Bands
Authors: Boselin Prabhu S. R.
Published: October 2018

Wireless technology greatly created a transformation in healthcare and thereby removed the usage of cables, which were typically employed as an interweave amid hospital patients, thereby enabling the whole thing from remote access to connectivity amid monitoring devices. Numerous portable medical gadgets integrate wireless technology that might result in risks for life-support gadgets and similar applications. For ensuring amenability and preventing interferences, a need to validate the medical device with electromagnetic compatibility standards becomes mandatory. Protective patient privacy is deemed to be an energetic characteristic towards isolated patient monitoring schemes. Considering the rise in the quantity of feasible wireless medicinal products, they engage different wireless standards, and measured data have been transported at dissimilar rates. Thus, the foremost significant movement is towards supplementing the quantity of integration in wireless medical monitoring schemes. Similarly, the applications of implantable and ingestible wireless medical approaches are becoming increased, as they offer access to data collecting and data which was previously dreadful. Hence, there becomes a bigger possibility of improving the exactness of wireless positioning arrangements. In this article, a review on the evaluation of wireless medical monitoring schemes and analysis over shared operating frequency bands has been evaluated in a state-of-art manner; thereby, every structure has the potential to assist doctors for improving the dominance in lives of patients, thus application developments are properly discussed for progressing with these implements. Every device considered in this article is identical with each other in their elementary contrivances. However, they get fine-tuned in service towards different applications. Hence, every device entailed here is positioned to fit within the operating frequencies, either at 2.4 GHz or 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz. A brief review has been made on these upcoming and prevailing strategies, like a wireless blood pressure cuff, wireless oximeter, wireless electrocardiogram monitoring, wireless electroencephalography headset, wireless glucometer, wireless blood pressure monitoring system, wireless alcoholmeter, wireless capsule camera, wireless triangulating position of objective instruments, wireless sensor network-based monitoring scheme, wireless posture monitoring scheme, wireless acceleration sensor, wireless gait analysis arrangement, wireless telemetry strain gauging humerus implant, wireless monitoring using a microelectromechanical system and application-specific integrated circuit, wireless telemetry stress monitoring knee implant, and wireless protein detection device.
DICER1 mutation and pituitary prolactinoma
Authors: Cotton Ellena , Ray David
Published: October 2018

A young woman carrying germline DICER1 mutation was discovered to have a pituitary microprolactinoma when she became amenorrhoic. The mutation was identified as a result of family screening following the early death of the patient’s daughter with ovarian cancer. The patient was in follow-up screening for thyroid disease, and investigations were initiated when she became amenorrhoic. MR scan revealed a 6 mm diameter pituitary microadenoma and raised prolactin. The prolactin was efficiently suppressed with low-dose cabergoline, and her menstrual cycles resumed. Dicer is an RNase enzyme, which is essential for processing small non-coding RNAs. These molecules play pleiotropic roles in regulating gene expression, by targeting mRNA sequences for degradation. DICER1 plays different roles depending on cell context, but is thought to be a functional tumour suppressor gene. Accordingly, germline mutation in one DICER1 allele is insufficient for oncogenesis, and a second hit on the other allele is required, as a result of postnatal somatic mutation. Loss of DICER1 is linked to multiple tumours, with prominent endocrine representation. Multinodular goitre is frequent, with increased risk of differentiated thyroid cancer. Rare, developmental pituitary tumours are reported, including pituitary blastoma, but not reports of functional pituitary adenomas. As DICER1 mutations are rare, case reports are the only means to identify new manifestations and to inform appropriate screening protocols.

Learning points:

DICER1 mutations lead to endocrine tumours.

DICER1 is required for small non-coding RNA expression.

DICER1 carriage and microprolactinoma are both rare, but here are reported in the same individual, suggesting association.

Endocrine follow-up of patients carrying DICER1 mutations should consider pituitary disease.
Characterization of Genetic and Epigenetic Variation in Sperm and Red Blood Cells from Adult Hatchery and Natural-Origin Steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss
Authors: Gavery Mackenzie R , Nichols Krista M , Goetz Giles W , Middleton Mollie A , Swanson Penny
Published: October 2018

While the goal of most conservation hatchery programs is to produce fish that are genetically and phenotypically indistinguishable from the wild stocks they aim to restore, there is considerable evidence that salmon and steelhead reared in hatcheries differ from wild fish in phenotypic traits related to fitness. Some evidence suggests that these phenotypic differences have a genetic basis (e.g., domestication selection) but another likely mechanism that remains largely unexplored is that differences between hatchery and wild populations arise as a result of environmentally-induced heritable epigenetic change. As a first step toward understanding the potential contribution of these two possible mechanisms, we describe genetic and epigenetic variation in hatchery and natural-origin adult steelhead, Oncorhynchus mykiss, from the Methow River, WA. Our main objectives were to determine if hatchery and natural-origin fish could be distinguished genetically and whether differences in epigenetic programming (DNA methylation) in somatic and germ cells could be detected between the two groups. Genetic analysis of 72 fish using 936 SNPs generated by Restriction Site Associated DNA Sequencing (RAD-Seq) did not reveal differentiation between hatchery and natural-origin fish at a population level. We performed Reduced Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS) on a subset of 10 hatchery and 10 natural-origin fish and report the first genome-wide characterization of somatic (red blood cells (RBCs)) and germ line (sperm) derived DNA methylomes in a salmonid, from which we identified considerable tissue-specific methylation. We identified 85 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) in RBCs and 108 DMRs in sperm of steelhead reared for their first year in a hatchery environment compared to those reared in the wild. This work provides support that epigenetic mechanisms may serve as a link between hatchery rearing and adult phenotype in steelhead; furthermore, DMRs identified in germ cells (sperm) highlight the potential for these changes to be passed on to future generations.
Replicability of Introgression Under Linked, Polygenic Selection
Authors: Sachdeva Himani , Barton Nicholas H
Published: October 2018

We study how a block of genome with a large number of weakly selected loci introgresses under directional selection into a genetically homogeneous population. We derive exact expressions for the expected rate of growth of any fragment of the introduced block during the initial phase of introgression, and show that the growth rate of a single-locus variant is largely insensitive to its own additive effect, but depends instead on the combined effect of all loci within a characteristic linkage scale. The expected growth rate of a fragment is highly correlated with its long-term introgression probability in populations of moderate size, and can hence identify variants that are likely to introgress across replicate populations. We clarify how the introgression probability of an individual variant is determined by the interplay between hitchhiking with relatively large fragments during the early phase of introgression and selection on fine-scale variation within these, which at longer times results in differential introgression probabilities for beneficial and deleterious loci within successful fragments. By simulating individuals, we also investigate how introgression probabilities at individual loci depend on the variance of fitness effects, the net fitness of the introduced block, and the size of the recipient population, and how this shapes the net advance under selection. Our work suggests that even highly replicable substitutions may be associated with a range of selective effects, which makes it challenging to fine map the causal loci that underlie polygenic adaptation.
Can we eat our way to a healthy and ecologically sustainable food system?
Authors: Seed Barbara , Rocha Cecilia
Published: October 2018

The food system is a major contributor to climate change, biodiversity loss, eutrophication and deforestation. This article examines national dietary guidelines as a way to shift dietary patterns in the population toward diets that continue to promote health while being more ecologically sustainable. While some sustainability principles may be inherent in the 2007 Canada’s Food Guide (e.g., an emphasis on plant-based foods), these were not made explicit. As Health Canada undertakes a revision of its national dietary guidance, a unique opportunity exists to situate dietary guidelines within the broader context of Canada’s first-ever national food policy. Coherence between these two policies has the potential to position the role of diets as a core link between food systems and both human and ecological health. This paper explores the possibilities of advancing sustainability principles within Canadian national dietary guidelines by drawing on evidence-based literature and key sustainability messages within dietary guidelines from four countries that have integrated many of these principles. Lessons and perspectives from international experiences on incorporating environmental sustainability into dietary guidelines are described including: influence of the food industry; cross-sector collaboration and alliances; civil society participation; and “win-win” messages. Application of these lessons to Canada, followed by opportunities to advance the incorporation of sustainability principles within the country’s national dietary guidelines are then proposed.
Food Counts: Food systems report cards, food sovereignty and the politics of indicators
Authors: Levkoe Charles Z. , Blay-Palmer Alison
Published: October 2018

The International Panel of Experts on Sustainable Food Systems recognized that "current systems will be held in place insofar as these systems continue to be measured in terms of what industrial agriculture is designed to deliver, at the expense of many other outcomes that really matter in food systems" (IPES 2016: 57). In response, they called for new food systems indicators rooted in social justice, support for local economies, ecological regeneration and democratic engagement. This paper reflects on the ways that indicators can serve as a tool to understand the current state of food systems, challenge existing approaches and (re)frame a future vision of equity and sustainability. Our analysis focuses on the development of Food Counts: A Pan-Canadian Sustainable Food Systems Report Card, a first attempt to bring together existing measures of social, environmental, and economic well-being to help researchers, policy makers, and practitioners examine food systems more comprehensively. The report card used a food sovereignty framework and an integrated systems perspective and make connections to a global movement for collective social change. Beyond its practical value, and particularly in the context of Canada's development of a national food policy, our analysis illuminates the limited kinds of data available, the privileging of scientific expertise over traditional knowledge, the assumed value of certain indicators, and the reductionist nature of using data to represent complex food systems. We argue that while report cards can make visible numerous food systems' elements, they can also obscure divers experiences, reinforcing unsustainable practices and policies.
Forever young? The crisis of generational renewal on Canada's farms
Authors: Qualman Darrin , Akram-Lodhi A. Haroon , Desmarais Annette Aurélie , Srinivasan Sharada
Published: October 2018

There are fewer and fewer young people actively farming in Canada.  Farmers under the age of 35 are leaving farming at twice the rate of the general farm population. As a result, Canada faces a crisis of generational renewal on its farms. This article explores the factors that mitigate against young people taking up farming. Using an analytical framework in part derived from the work of Henry Bernstein and applied to Statistics Canada data, the article demonstrates that there is an ongoing income crisis, a growing problem of farmland accessibility and costs associated with farm machinery, unrestrained increases in the power and profit-share of agribusiness transnationals, and a retreat of governments from public-interest regulation. In doing so, the article provides an evidence-based analysis of the structural factors and forces driving Canada's crisis of generational renewal on its farms.
New farmers and food policies in Canada
Authors: Laforge Julia , Fenton Ayla , Lavalée-Picard Virginie , McLachlan Stéphane
Published: October 2018

As the demographics of farmers are shifting, the ways agricultural and food policies affect and influence the decision-making and behaviours of new farmers is also changing. At the same time, there is growing interest in contesting and rebuilding Canadian food systems to address environmental and social injustices. Many new farmers are interested in agro-ecological approaches to agriculture, including both ecological practices and community-based economies. This paper examined the findings of a national survey of 1,326 new farmers, to explore challenges and opportunities in the Canadian food and farming system, as well as the municipal, provincial, and federal policies that they recommended. We also examined which programs are serving new farmers best, and how these successes could be translated elsewhere. We found that an increasing number of new farmers are coming from non-farming backgrounds and are women, potentially challenging the status quo. In particular, respondents reported facing difficulties in accessing agricultural knowledge, and that available institutional resources may not be appropriate to new types of ecological farming practices. The most significant barriers concerned affordable land and financing their developing farms. Nevertheless, these new farmers are finding diverse ways to develop their livelihoods, potentially transforming Canadian agriculture. A national food policy that works with local and regional partners and that recognizes the changing realities of new farmers is a necessary first step in helping build a sustainable, healthy, just, and resilient food system in Canada.
Building joined-up agricultural policies: Lessons from Québec
Authors: Martorell Hugo , Abergel Elisabeth
Published: October 2018

In an effort to think about innovative and comprehensive federal food and agricultural policies, this commentary offers some insight into Québec’s integrated agricultural policy framework. In theory, key operating principles such as the precautionary principle, multifunctionality and subsidiarity integrate health, social, rural and environmental goals and therefore might contribute to a joined up and healthier food system.
Anesthetic Exposure and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes in the Neonate
Authors: Vinson Amy E. , Houck Constance S.
Published: October 2018

With ongoing advances in cardiorespiratory monitoring and improved anesthetic techniques, preterm and full-term infants routinely undergo successful surgical procedures under general anesthesia to repair congenital defects that were considered lethal in the past. Recent studies in immature animals exposed to anesthetics and sedative agents, however, have demonstrated clear evidence of neurotoxicity and deficits in learning that do not occur in older animals with the same exposure. Initial epidemiologic studies in humans also raised concern when it was found that children exposed to multiple anesthetics before age 4 years were more likely to demonstrate subsequent behavioral and learning deficits. Moreover, several recent case reports have highlighted concerns about the potential negative effects of intraoperative hypotension and hypocapnia on neonates undergoing anesthesia. Since 2009, the US Food and Drug Administration has been working collaboratively with the International Anesthesia Research Society in a public-private partnership called SmartTots to design and fund research to investigate these concerns. This review outlines the most recent evidence from both animal and human studies about the effects of anesthetic and sedative drugs and anesthetic-related hemodynamic changes on the developing newborn brain.
A Transition Toolkit for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Authors: Trout Christina J. , Case Laura E. , Clemens Paula R. , McArthur Alexandra , Noritz Garey , Ritzo Marie , Wagner Kathryn R. , Vroom Elizabeth , Kennedy Annie
Published: October 2018

The care of individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) now extends into adulthood. Childhood to adulthood transition planning is an important aspect of care, affecting health outcomes as well as other important aspects of adult life. In this article, we address transition planning as it relates to DMD health care, education, steps toward vocations, personal care, accessing the home and community, and the importance of relationships with others. Because of the complex, disabling, and progressive nature of DMD, coordinated, well-timed planning is critical to ensure that all components of transition are accomplished. In this article, we introduce the DMD Transition Toolkit. The toolkit is designed to help assess readiness for transition, track progress toward transition goals, and provide a template for documenting key elements of medical care, medical equipment, and services. The transition readiness assessment for young adults with DMD is used to gauge readiness for adult health care and living practices. Consistent with the 2018 DMD Care Considerations, the transition checklist for young adults with DMD is a comprehensive list to be considered, discussed, and planned for during transition. The medical summary for young adults with DMD can be used by a provider or individuals with DMD to communicate details of their health plan, provider contacts, and medical equipment needs. It can be used in transition handoffs, when adding new providers, or when informing new nursing agencies or personal care attendants. It could also be useful in urgent care settings by providing baseline information about the individual with DMD.
Arrhythmia Mechanisms Revealed by Ripple Mapping
Authors: Katritsis George , Luther Vishal , Kanagaratnam Prapa , Linton Nick WF ,   Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Imperial College Healthcare, London,UK,   Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Imperial College Healthcare, London,UK,   Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Imperial College Healthcare, London,UK,   Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, UK
Published: October 2018

Ripple mapping is a novel method of 3D intracardiac electrogram visualisation that allows activation of the myocardium to be tracked visually without prior assignment of local activation times and without interpolation into unmapped regions. It assists in the identification of tachycardia mechanism and optimal ablation site, without the need for an experienced computer-operating assistant. This expert opinion presents evidence demonstrating the benefit of Ripple Mapping, compared with traditional electroanatomic mapping techniques, for the diagnosis and management of atrial and ventricular tachyarrhythmias during electrophysiological procedures.
Evaluación del impacto ambiental del proceso de modificación química de almidones nativos como potenciales excipientes en la industria cosmética
Authors: Caro Soto Melissa Soledad , Torrenegra Alarcón Miladys Esther , Osorio Fortich María Del Rosario , León Méndez Glicerio , Pájaro Nerlis Paola
Published: October 2018

El almidón por ser un polímero natural biodegradable es utilizado en la industria cosmética, gracias a que posee un bajo impacto ambiental. Para mejorar las propiedades anfifílicas de este polímero, se introduce una cadena alifática en la estructura, que permita interactuar con las cadenas apolares del almidón, generando así un aumento de su capacidad lipofílica. Por tanto, en este trabajo se usaron almidones de ñame, yuca, batata y maíz USP, este último como referencia, y fueron sometidos a tres metodologías de modificación: 1. Esterificación directa, 2. Hidrólisis y posterior esterificación y 3. Esterificación mediante microondas, empleando anhídrido dodecenil succínico (DDSA). En todos los casos, se incrementó significativamente la capacidad captadora de aceite y la emulsificante (tensoactiva) de los almidones; sin embargo, el “método en microondas” presentó algunas ventajas en comparación con otros métodos, de las cuales destacamos: aumento de la eficiencia de esterificación, disminución del tiempo de reacción de esterificación y menor impacto ambiental.
Acetilación del almidón de millo (Pennisetum glaucum) y evaluación de su aplicación como posible excipiente
Authors: Sulbarán Alexander , Matiz Germán E. , Baena Yolima
Published: October 2018

Los almidones nativos se utilizan en la fabricación de productos farmacéuticos, cosméticos y de alimentos. Tienen limitaciones que pueden mejorarse mediante modificaciones físicas, químicas o enzimáticas. Los almidones de millo y maíz (referencia) se modificaron por acetilación a tres niveles. Se evaluaron fisicoquímicamente y farmacotécnicamente, para comparar el comportamiento de los almidones modificados frente al nativo. El almidón de maíz alcanzó mayores índices de sustitución. A mayor acetilación, la capacidad del almidón de incorporar agua mejoró, reflejándose en índices de hinchamiento y de sorción más altos, así como un incremento en la viscosidad. Se evidenció una mayor estabilidad de los geles del almidón de millo con menor tendencia a la sinéresis. La temperatura de gelatinización disminuyó a medida que aumentaba la acetilación, lo que permitiría obtener geles más rápido y con menor consumo de energía. El perfil de cristalinidad no se vio modificado sustancialmente. No se evidenciaron cambios importantes en las propiedades farmacotécnicas de los almidones modificados frente a los nativos. La captación de agua en el estado sólido favoreció la rápida desintegración en tabletas. Estos aspectos muestran un potencial del uso del almidón de millo acetilado en la industria farmacéutica y de alimentos como agente gelificante y desintegrante.
Frequency of 14 genetic variants associated with breast cancer risk and treatment in a Colombian population
Authors: Ariza Márquez Yeimy Viviana , Ancízar Aristizábal Gutiérrez Fabio , Gómez- Gutiérrez Alberto , Gómez Piedad Elena , Casas Gómez María Consuelo , Briceño Balcázar Ignacio
Published: October 2018

Introducción: las variaciones genéticas se han relacionado con el riesgo y la eficacia del tratamiento. Es sabido que muchos polimorfismos en cáncer de mama influyen en la susceptibilidad, el riesgo de cáncer y el resultado del tratamiento. Los polimorfismos varían entre las poblaciones, y por tanto, es necesario realizar estudios locales.Objetivo: establecer la frecuencia de polimorfismos asociados al riesgo de cáncer de mama y la farmacogenómica del tratamiento en un grupo de individuos colombianos.Métodos: los datos de los perfiles de microarreglos, incluidos los polimorfismos genéticos asociados con el tratamiento del cáncer de mama, se obtuvieron de forma retrospectiva (Pathway Genomics®). Se estudiaron la frecuencia del marcador CYP2D6 rs3892097 y un panel de cáncer de mama (CAS8 rs1045485, CHEK21100delC, ESR1 rs2046210, FGFR2 rs1219648, intergenic_2q35rs13387042, intergenic_8q24 rs13281615, MSRP30 rs10941679, TNRC9 rs3803662, AKAP9 rs6964587, LSP1 rs3817198, MAP3K1rs889312, PALBS1592 delT, ESR1 rs3020314).Resultados: se analizaron los datos de microarreglos de 68 hombres y 92 mujeres. Todos los polimorfismos siguieron el equilibrio Hardy-Weinberg. Las frecuencias fenotípicas de CYP2D6 rs3892097 C/T, CAS8 rs1045485 G/C, y aquellas de los genes incluidos en un panel de cáncer de mama (CAS8 rs1045485, CHEK21100delC, FGFR2rs1219648, intergenic_2q35rs13387042, intergenic_8q24 rs13281615, MSRP30 rs10941679, TNRC9 rs3803662, LSP1 rs3817198, MAP3K1rs889312, PALBS1592 del T, ESR1rs3020314) no difirieron significativamente de los datos publicados previamente. ESR1 rs2046210, con frecuencias alélicas de C = 0,04 y T = 0,02, y AKAP9 rs6964587, con una frecuencia de A = 0,005, se determinaron como raras.
Evaluación teórica del desempeño del electrodo, modificado por el oxihidróxido de cobalto (III) en la detección del ácido úrico
Authors: Tkach Volodymyr V. , Ivanushko Yana G. , Lukanova Svitlana M. , Kushnir Marta V. , De Oliveira Sílvio C. , Ojani Reza , Luganska Olga V. , Yagodynets´ Petró I.
Published: October 2018

La posibilidad del empleo de oxihidróxido de cobalto como modificador del electrodo en la detección del ácido úrico se investigó desde el punto de vista teórico. Se sugiere el mecanismo del desempeño del compuesto inorgánico en el proceso, y el modelo, correspondiente al proceso, se analizó mediante la teoría de estabilidad lineal y análisis de bifurcaciones. Se concluye que el oxihidróxido de cobalto puede servir como un modificador eficiente, facilitando la oxidación del analito en medio neutro en el modo galvanostático. La inestabilidad monotónica para este caso no puede realizarse, y la oscilatoria es causada por el único factor.
Amplificación vocal en el ámbito ocupacional educativo: una revisión de la literatura
Authors: Atará-Paraquive Ángela Patricia , Ángel-Gordillo Luisa Fernanda
Published: October 2018

Introducción. La amplificación vocal se ha utilizado como una herramienta para prevenir desórdenes de voz en profesores.Objetivos. Conocer los cambios reportados sobre el comportamiento vocal cuando los profesores utilizan sistemas de amplificación vocal y hacer una comparación entre el antes y el después de su uso.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión de artículos en cuatro bases de datos y se seleccionaron 11 bajo criterios de inclusión y exclusión: 3 presentaron un nivel de evidencia IIb, mientras que 8, IV. Se analizó la información de los artículos para recolectar datos sobre los efectos en el comportamiento vocal a nivel perceptivo y acústico frente al uso de amplificación vocal.Resultados. Los participantes tuvieron una reducción en la intensidad y en la frecuencia fundamental con mayores efectos en la población sin desorden de voz. Hubo una disminución significativa de la dosis de distancia a diferencia de la dosis de ciclo. En los cuestionarios se infirió un descenso en síntomas, reducción de la carga vocal y mejora en la comunicación.Conclusión. Los amplificadores de voz sirven para prevenir trastornos de la voz. Investigaciones futuras deberán manejar un rigor investigativo en los niveles de evidencia y un diseño de estudio que permita obtener resultados consistentes en diferentes usuarios de la voz.
Prueba de activación de basófilos: aspectos técnicos, metodológicos y su utilidad clínica
Authors: Sabogal-Cuadro Pablo , Zakzuk Josefina
Published: October 2018

Introducción. La prueba de activación de basófilos (PAB) se considera una técnica confiable y segura para el diagnóstico de problemas alérgicos.Objetivo. Profundizar en el estado del arte de la PAB y su utilidad clínica.Materiales y métodos. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura mediante la búsqueda electrónica en las bases de datos y metabuscadores Ovid Medline, Google Scholar y PubMed, sin limitar la búsqueda por fecha, idioma o tipo de artículo. Se buscaron artículos sobre los detalles técnicos de la PAB y su utilidad clínica en el manejo de las enfermedades alérgicas.Resultados. De los marcadores de activación, CD63 ha sido el más estudiado y es el que mejor representa un evento de degranulación anafiláctica, mientras que CD203c es representativo de varias formas de degranulación. La superioridad de uno sobre otro como prueba diagnóstica depende del problema alérgico estudiado. En cuanto a los métodos de detección de basófilos, su selección con un único marcador, CCR3, se propone como una opción con buena relación de costo-efectividad.Conclusiones. La PAB es una herramienta prometedora para evaluar en clínica las reacciones alérgicas de forma segura. Es necesario una mayor estandarización de protocolos para obtener resultados más reproducibles.
Fibrilación ventricular asociada a uso de anestesia local de aplicación nasal. Informe de un caso
Authors: Sánchez-Solanilla Luis Fernando , Quitian-Moreno Jerson , Mora-Pabón Guillermo
Published: October 2018

Introducción. El desarrollo de arritmias ventriculares asociado a anestésicos locales es muy poco frecuente.Presentación del caso. Paciente masculino de 49 años quien ingresa para resección transesfenoidal de tumor hipofisiario. Con la infiltración de lidocaína vía nasal desarrolla fibrilación ventricular que se desfibrila de manera exitosa. Los estudios cardiovasculares no mostraron cardiopatía de base.Conclusiones. La fibrilación ventricular como efecto secundario de los anestésicos locales requiere que cuando se plantee el uso de dichos fármacos haya que valorar factores de riesgo y tener la capacidad instalada necesaria para su manejo. Se necesita mayor investigación para establecer factores de riesgo que puedan predecir esta complicación.
Desempeño fonológico y actividad bioeléctrica auditiva en un niño con trastorno fonológico
Authors: Díaz-Franco María Victoria , Esse-Avendaño Katherinne , Riffo-Rojas Natalia Priscila , Zimmermann-González Marlis Constanza , Fernández-Gutiérrez Juan José , Carmona-López María Inés
Published: October 2018

Introducción. El trastorno fonológico es un déficit en la percepción, organización y producción fonológica del lenguaje. Los potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral identifican cambios electrofisiológicos generados en la vía auditiva, por tanto, el presente estudio pretende demostrar la utilidad de tales potenciales en la caracterización de los pacientes con trastornos fonológicos, permitiendo así evidenciar una alteración en la actividad bioeléctrica de la vía auditiva.Presentación del caso. Se presenta el caso de un menor con trastorno fonoaudiológico evaluado por medio de potenciales evocados auditivos de tronco cerebral, previa evaluación de la vía auditiva periférica excluyendo patologías adyacentes. El análisis de los resultados verifica que, en tiempo de transmisión del estímulo al recorrer la vía auditiva, se generó un aumento en las latencias absolutas de las ondas I, III y V, con aumento en las desviaciones estándar de la prueba.Conclusiones. Puede existir asociación entre el desarrollo fonológico y la actividad bioeléctrica de la vía auditiva, además, aumentando la muestra se podría generar una evaluación objetiva que valore algunas alteraciones del lenguaje en niños.
Humanización en la salud
Authors: Navarro-Vargas José Ricardo
Published: October 2018

Un profesional de la salud con humanización, según Gutiérrez-Recacha (1), es aquel que se acerca al enfermo desde una perspectiva integral de lo científico y lo humano. Como seres humanos, más aún como profesionales de la salud, debemos adoptar el humanismo como un hábito, y es aquí donde tomo como referencia la frase de Aristóteles: “Somos lo que hacemos día a día. De modo que la excelencia no es un acto sino un hábito” (2).En la actualidad, la neurociencia y la neuroeducación demuestran que debemos aprender a ser conscientes de nuestros actos a partir de la adquisición de la inteligencia ejecutiva (3), pues no basta con ser inteligentes cognitivos, motrices o emocionales, sino que debemos aprender a crear sinapsis en un entorno adecuado de acuerdo a la expresión genética de nuestro organismo, la cual se presenta en un proceso de desarrollo cerebral asincrónico. La inteligencia ejecutiva permite que quien tome las decisiones sea la corteza prefrontal, la neocorteza, y no el cerebro primitivo. Este último actúa por instinto y procede de acuerdo a las pasiones más egoístas y egocentristas (4).
Studying the Dynamics of Social and Professional Well-Being of Teachers in the Republic of Mordovia
Authors: Polutin Sergey V. , Fadeeva Irina M. , Shumkova Natalya V.
Published: October 2018

Introduction. Monitoring of the social and professional well-being of teachers (in- cluding at the regional level) is conditioned by the need to assess the effectiveness of the ongoing social reforms, including the modernization of the Russian education system. The purpose of the paper is to analyze the content and dynamic characteristics of the manifestation of social and professional health indicators of teachers as a social and professional group at the level of the Republic of Mordovia, taking into account the historical changes in the state of the society.
Materials and Methods. The materials used were sociological surveys conducted in the Republic of Mordovia among teachers of general education schools. To analyze the data obtained, traditional statistical methods (comparison, grouping, index method) were used, as well as methods for testing statistical hypotheses.
Results. The specificity of the social and professional well-being of teachers in the Republic of Mordovia has been studied. It has been proved that over the past 25 years the level of social well-being of teachers in the Republic has increased significantly: the interviewed teachers have shown a higher level of satisfaction with personal se- curity, material prosperity, living standards of their families, entertainment, leisure, housing and working conditions. A high level of satisfaction with the profession of the teacher and its relationship with the experience of pedagogical work, as well as with the place of residence, has been revealed.
Discussion and Conclusions. A high level of professional identity is inherent in more teachers with longer work experience, but the problem of age changes makes the professional recruitment of personnel into the school system urgent. The results obtained may serve as a stimulus for a more extensive study of the regional issues of modern teaching, including its ‘social portraits’, and may also be useful to the regional authorities dealing with the elaboration of education development programs.
Los japonesismos de la literatura y la escritura en español actual
Authors: Fernández Mata Rafael
Published: October 2018

En el inventario de japonesismos usados en el español actual, las voces de origen japonés relacionadas con la literatura y la escritura constituyen la sexta mayor área referencial (6 voces de un total de 92 ítems). En el presente artículo se intenta, por primera vez en la lengua española, llevar a cabo un estudio exhaustivo de los japonesismos de la literatura y la escritura, atendiendo a diferentes perspectivas lingüísticas (formal, semántica e histórica), además de indicar su grado de adaptación al inventario léxico del español.
Factors Influencing the Deployment of ICT in Nigerian Real Estate Practice
Authors: Oyetunji Abiodun Kolawole , Ojo Babajide , Oyetunji Busayo Olakunmi
Published: October 2018

Real estate is an intensive business that largely depends on information. Information technology has become a major form of communication in the real estate industry, a tool for marketing and information dispersion. As a result, diverse factors influence the use of information and communication technology (ICT). This study is aimed at investigating the factors influencing the use of ICTs in Nigerian real estate practices. Lagos state, the area of study, was delineated according to a central business district locational pattern to ascertain where the firms of real estate were grouped. Out of the 172 questionnaires that were conveniently administered to real estate firms within the study location, only 143 (83.14%) were retrieved and considered valid for the analysis. The collected data was then analysed using a factor analytical test. Findings revealed that technological infrastructure, service delivery efficiency enhancement, and productivity branding influenced the deployment of ICTs in Lagos’ real estate industry. It was recommended that practitioners and real estate firms need to adopt emerging concepts and technological advancement in their quest for survival both locally and internationally. This will enhance their competitiveness and ensure that better value is provided.