bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclone Climatology and Linkages to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation
Authors: Diamond Howard J. , Lorrey Andrew M. , Renwick James A.
Published: July 2012

The new South Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC) dataset provides an opportunity to develop a more complete climatology of tropical cyclones (TCs) in the southwest Pacific. Here, spatial patterns and characteristics of TCs for the 41-yr period beginning with the 1969/70 season are related to phases of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), taking into account the degree of ocean–atmosphere coupling. Twentieth-century reanalysis data and the coupled ENSO index (CEI) were used to investigate TC genesis areas and climate diagnostics in the extratropical transition (ETT) region at and south of 25°S during different CEI ENSO phases. This is the first study looking at CEI-based ENSO phases and the more detailed relationship of TCs to the coupling of the ocean and atmosphere during different ENSO phases. Consistent with previous findings, positive relationships exist among TCs, sea surface temperature, and atmospheric circulation. A statistically significant greater frequency of major TCs was found during the latter half of the study period (1991–2010) compared to the 1970–90 period, again consistent with the findings of other studies. Also found were significant and consistent linkages highlighting the interplay of TCs and sea surface temperature (SSTs) in the southwest Pacific basin west of 170°E and a closer connection to atmospheric circulation east of 170°E. Moreover, this study demonstrates subtle differences between a fully coupled El Niño or La Niña and atmospheric- or ocean-dominated phases, or neutral conditions.
Linking theory-based evaluation and contribution analysis: Three problems and a few solutions
Authors: Leeuw Frans L.
Published: July 2012

Contribution analysis and theory-based evaluation are linked. This article discusses the contributions of several (recent) developments to further deepen the links between theory-based evaluation and contribution analysis. This will be done by describing how three well-known (and almost classical) problematic situations for impact evaluations can be addressed through the application of insights and tools from theory-based evaluation.
Comparative analysis of diguanylate cyclase and phosphodiesterase genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae
Authors: Cruz Diana P , Huertas Mónica G , Lozano Marcela , Zárate Lina , Zambrano María Mercedes
Published: July 2012

Background

Klebsiella pneumoniae can be found in environmental habitats as well as in hospital settings where it is commonly associated with nosocomial infections. One of the factors that contribute to virulence is its capacity to form biofilms on diverse biotic and abiotic surfaces. The second messenger Bis-(3’-5’)-cyclic dimeric GMP (c-di-GMP) is a ubiquitous signal in bacteria that controls biofilm formation as well as several other cellular processes. The cellular levels of this messenger are controlled by c-di-GMP synthesis and degradation catalyzed by diguanylate cyclase (DGC) and phophodiesterase (PDE) enzymes, respectively. Many bacteria contain multiple copies of these proteins with diverse organizational structure that highlight the complex regulatory mechanisms of this signaling network. This work was undertaken to identify DGCs and PDEs and analyze the domain structure of these proteins in K. pneumoniae.

Results

A search for conserved GGDEF and EAL domains in three sequenced K. pneumoniae genomes showed that there were multiple copies of GGDEF and EAL containing proteins. Both single domain and hybrid GGDEF proteins were identified: 21 in K. pneumoniae Kp342, 18 in K. pneumoniae MGH 78578 and 17 in K. pneumoniae NTUH-K2044. The majority had only the GGDEF domain, most with the GGEEF motif, and hybrid proteins containing both GGDEF and EAL domains were also found. The I site for allosteric control was identified only in single GGDEF domain proteins and not in hybrid proteins. EAL-only proteins, containing either intact or degenerate domains, were also identified: 15 in Kp342, 15 in MGH 78578 and 10 in NTUH-K2044. Several input sensory domains and transmembrane segments were identified, which together indicate complex regulatory circuits that in many cases can be membrane associated.

Conclusions

The comparative analysis of proteins containing GGDEF/EAL domains in K. pneumoniae showed that most copies were shared among the three strains and that some were unique to a particular strain. The multiplicity of these proteins and the diversity of structural characteristics suggest that the c-di-GMP network in this enteric bacterium is highly complex and reflects the importance of having diverse mechanisms to control cellular processes in environments as diverse as soils or plants and clinical settings.
Estimating the re-identification risk of clinical data sets
Authors: Dankar Fida Kamal , El Emam Khaled , Neisa Angelica , Roffey Tyson
Published: July 2012

Background

De-identification is a common way to protect patient privacy when disclosing clinical data for secondary purposes, such as research. One type of attack that de-identification protects against is linking the disclosed patient data with public and semi-public registries. Uniqueness is a commonly used measure of re-identification risk under this attack. If uniqueness can be measured accurately then the risk from this kind of attack can be managed. In practice, it is often not possible to measure uniqueness directly, therefore it must be estimated.

Methods

We evaluated the accuracy of uniqueness estimators on clinically relevant data sets. Four candidate estimators were identified because they were evaluated in the past and found to have good accuracy or because they were new and not evaluated comparatively before: the Zayatz estimator, slide negative binomial estimator, Pitman’s estimator, and mu-argus. A Monte Carlo simulation was performed to evaluate the uniqueness estimators on six clinically relevant data sets. We varied the sampling fraction and the uniqueness in the population (the value being estimated). The median relative error and inter-quartile range of the uniqueness estimates was measured across 1000 runs.

Results

There was no single estimator that performed well across all of the conditions. We developed a decision rule which selected between the Pitman, slide negative binomial and Zayatz estimators depending on the sampling fraction and the difference between estimates. This decision rule had the best consistent median relative error across multiple conditions and data sets.

Conclusion

This study identified an accurate decision rule that can be used by health privacy researchers and disclosure control professionals to estimate uniqueness in clinical data sets. The decision rule provides a reliable way to measure re-identification risk.
Land-use and land-cover assessment for the study of lifestyle change in a rural Mexican community: The Maycoba Project
Authors: Giraldo Mario A , Chaudhari Lisa S , Schulz Leslie O
Published: July 2012

Background

In 1995, a study was conducted to identify the effects of traditional and westernized environments on the prevalence of type 2 diabetes in Pima Indians (Pimas) in Mexico and the United States. The study concluded that the more traditional lifestyle in Mexico had a protective effect against this metabolic disorder. In the ensuing 15 years, the environmental circumstances of the Mexican Pimas changed, and a follow-up study was conducted to determine the role environmental change plays in the development of diabetes in this genetically susceptible population. A major element of environmental transition relates to land-use and land-cover (LULC) changes that could affect physical activity and promote an obesogenic environment. This study examined changes in the region’s LULC to determine whether there have been transitions in agricultural land use and urbanization that would be consistent with a more sedentary lifestyle. Changes were assessed from 1994 aerial photographs and 2007 satellite images.

Results

The land-cover analysis showed that mixed vegetation and dense trees cover most of the study area. It suggested a rural environment that includes a low percentage of impermeable areas, and it indicated that the area experiencing human intervention covers 7% of the total area. The land-use-change findings showed a decrease or no change in agricultural or ranching areas and a decrease in farmland due to reforestation or revegetation. Three variables from the land-use-change analysis were examined as proxies for lifestyle change: urban development, dwelling-unit density, and variation in the road network. Two of the measures –the amount of urbanization and the number and density of dwelling units—showed increases, most notably in the town of Maycoba. There were only minor changes in the road network: most of the road segments are short and concentrated in Maycoba where most of the buildings, points of interest (e.g., church, stores), and cars are located.

Conclusions

The LULC in Maycoba and surrounding settlements had changed during the study period. LULC change was used as a proxy to examine lifestyle changes that can affect levels of physical activity.
Intravenous immunoglobulin treatment of the post-polio syndrome: sustained effects on quality of life variables and cytokine expression after one year follow up
Authors: Gonzalez Henrik , Khademi Mohsen , Borg Kristian , Olsson Tomas
Published: July 2012

Background

Expression of inflammatory cytokines in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has led to the hypothesis of intrathecal chronic inflammation to explain the denervation observed in post-polio syndrome (PPS). It has been shown that therapy with intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) improves physical performance and dampens down the inflammatory process at 6 months in PPS patients. We here examined the effects of IVIG on cytokine expression and clinical outcome one year after IVIG treatment.

Methods

From a previous study with 135 PPS patients included, 41 patients were further evaluated before un-blinding for one year (21 placebo and 20 treated with IVIG, Xepol® 50 mg/ml), and were assessed for clinical variables by performing the Short Form-36 survey (SF-36) questionnaire assessment, the 6 minute walk distance test (6MWT) and registering pain level by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) after IVIG treatment. A separate cohort of 37 PPS patients went through lumbar puncture (LP) at baseline and 20 patients, treated with IVIG, repeated the LP one year later. Thirty patients affected with other neurological diseases (OND) were used as control group. Inflammatory cytokines TNF, TGFβ, IFNγ, IL-23, IL-13 and IL-10 were measured in blood cells and CSF cells with RT-PCR.

Results

Scores of the physical components of SF-36 were significantly higher at the one year follow up time-point in the IVIG-treated patients when compared to baseline as well as to the control subjects. Pain VAS score and 6MWT improved significantly in the IVIG-treated patients when compared with baseline Relative expression of TNF and IFN-γ in both PBMCs and CSF from PPS patients were increased compared to OND subjects at baseline (p < 0.05). One year after IVIG-treatment a decreased expression of IFN-γ and IL23 was found in CSF of PPS patients, while anti-inflammatory IL-13 was increased (p < 0.05).

Conclusions

IVIG has effects on relevant QoL variables and inflammatory cytokines up to one year in patients with PPS. This gives a basis for scheduling IVIG in upcoming trials with this therapy.
Airborne electromagnetic bathymetry and estimation of bedrock topography in Broken Bay, Australia
Authors: Vrbancich Julian
Published: July 2012

A helicopter transient electromagnetic (TEM) survey was flown over shallow coastal waters in Broken Bay, Australia, overlying several palaeovalleys and exposed reef sections. The infilled palaeovalleys contain unconsolidated sediments with variable thicknesses exceeding 100 m. Previous marine seismic reflection and vibrocore studies provide an estimate of sediment thickness and surficial sediment conductivity, respectively, which, combined with known bathymetry (sonar soundings) and measured seawater conductivity, can be used to generate a crude 1D geoelectric ground-truth model consisting of two layers (seawater/sediment) overlying a relatively resistive basement. The primary focus was to examine the accuracy of interpreted water depths obtained by 1D inversion of airborne TEM data, assuming a two-layer over resistive basement model, by comparing these depths with known water depths. The secondary focus was to compare the interpreted sediment thickness (i.e., the thickness of the second geoelectric layer, which combined with bathymetry, gives the bedrock depth) with thicknesses estimated from marine seismic data to test the potential of using airborne electromagnetic systems for remote sensing of the coarse features of the bedrock topography. Interpreted water depths obtained from TEM data resulted in absolute water depth accuracies of 1–2 m for depths between 10 and 30 m, and 0.3–0.5 m in water shallower than [Formula: see text]. More importantly, similar water depth accuracies were obtained using raw TEM data (with birdswing removal) and TEM data obtained by postprocessing using time-consuming empirical corrections based on the TEM half-space response over deep sea water. The interpreted sediment depths derived from TEM and marine seismic data showed good agreement, generally, for example, inversion of TEM data delineated a distinct palaeovalley that transects a beach, with a maximum depth of 60–70 m below the seafloor, in agreement with depths estimated from marine seismic data to within [Formula: see text].
Large-scale inversion of ZTEM data
Authors: Holtham Elliot , Oldenburg Douglas W.
Published: July 2012

A Z-Axis Tipper Electromagnetic Technique (ZTEM) survey is an airborne natural source electromagnetic survey that relates the vertical magnetic field to the horizontal magnetic fields measured at a reference station on the ground. For large airborne surveys, the high number of cells required to discretize the entire area at a reasonable resolution can make the computational cost of inverting the data set all at once prohibitively expensive. We present an iterative methodology that can be used to invert large natural source surveys by using a combination of coarse and fine meshes as well as a domain decomposition that allows the full model area to be split into smaller subproblems, which can be run in parallel. For this procedure, the entire data set is first inverted on a coarse mesh. The recovered coarse model and computed fields are used as starting models and source terms in the subsequent tiled inversions. After each round of tiled inversions, the tiles are merged together to form an update model, which is then forward modeled to determine if the model achieves the target misfit. Following this procedure, we first invert the data computed from a large synthetic model of the Noranda mining camp. The inverted models from this example are consistent among our different tiling choices. The recovered models show excellent large-scale agreement with the true model and they also recover several of the mineralized zones that were not apparent from the initial coarse inversion. Finally, we invert a [Formula: see text] block of the 2010 ZTEM survey collected over the porphyry Pebble Deposit in Alaska. The inverted ZTEM results are consistent with the results obtained using other electromagnetic methods.
Modeling the electrical conductivity of hydrogeological strata using joint-inversion of loop-loop electromagnetic data
Authors: Triantafilis J. , Wong V. , Monteiro Santos F. A. , Page D. , Wege R.
Published: July 2012

In coastal-estuarine agricultural landscapes that are inherently rich in sulfidic sediments and saline water-tables, natural resource management data need to be collected to describe the heterogeneous nature of the soil, underlying regolith, and interactions with groundwater. Geophysical methods, such as electromagnetic (EM) induction instruments, are increasingly being used. This is because they measure apparent soil electrical conductivity [Formula: see text], which has previously been successfully used to map the areal distribution of soil (e.g., salinity) and hydrological (e.g., water-table depth) properties. We explored the potential of a next-generation DUALEM-421 and EM34 to be used independently and in conjunction with each other to provide information we can use to represent the pedological and hydrogeological setting of alluvial and estuarine sediments. A 1D laterally constrained joint-inversion algorithm can account for the nonlinearity of large [Formula: see text] (i.e., [Formula: see text]). We applied this algorithm to develop 2D cross sections of electrical conductivity ([Formula: see text]) from DUALEM-421 and EM34 [Formula: see text] data acquired across an estuarine landscape and situated within Quaternary fluvial sediments adjacent to Rocky Mouth Creek on the far north coast of New South Wales, Australia. We compared this joint-inversion model with inversions of the DUALEM-421 and EM34 [Formula: see text] data independently of each other. For the most part, the general patterns of the inverted models of [Formula: see text] compare favorably with existing pedological and hydrogeological interpretations, based on results achieved during a previous geoelectrical survey. However, the joint-inversion provides a more realistic model of the location and extent of a saline water-table and associated with the location of sulfidic sediments.
2D joint inversion of RMT and ERT data versus individual 3D inversion of full tensor RMT data: An example from Trecate site in Italy
Authors: Bastani Mehrdad , Hübert Juliane , Kalscheuer Thomas , Pedersen Laust B. , Godio Alberto , Bernard Jean
Published: July 2012

Tensor radiomagnetotelluric (RMT) and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) data were acquired along 10 parallel lines to image electrical resistivity of the vadose and the saturated zone in an area near Trecate, 45 km west of Milan in Italy. In 1994, the area was exposed to an oil contamination caused by a tank explosion and has since been subject to monitoring and remediation programs. For the first time, we have examined a 3D inversion of full tensor RMT data and have compared the results with 2D joint inversion of RMT and ERT data. First, a synthetic 3D resistivity model with similar variations close to those measured at the Trecate site was generated for the comparison. The synthetic tests showed that resistivity models from 2D joint inversion of ERT and RMT data contain more details closer to the surface compared to the models from the 3D inversion of tensor RMT data. High resistivity structures are better resolved by the 2D joint inversion, whereas the more conductive features are better recovered by the 3D inversion. In the next step, the ERT and RMT data collected in the Trecate site were modeled with the same approaches used in the synthetic modeling. Using the measured tensor RMT data, it was possible to carry out full 3D inversion to study the underlying geology. Comparison between the resistivity models from both inversions with the lithological data from the existing boreholes, resistivity models from the inversion of crosshole resistivity data, and water content models from magnetic resonance soundings measurements showed that the electrical resistivity, depth to the top and thickness of the water saturated zone is modeled more accurately with the 3D inversion.
Taboo and Biographical Innovation: Mozart, Beethoven, Shubert
Authors: Solomon Maynard
Published: July 2012

The lives of Mozart, Beethoven, and Schubert offer instances in which materials sufficient to lead to significant discoveries had long been available, but their implications had been overlooked by generations of scholars. Such biographical innovations may be blocked by taboos centering on sexuality, ancestry, power, and authority. In Mozart's life, taboo attaches to his penchant for obscenity and the carnivalesque; to Leopold Mozart's domination of his children and to his disinheritance of Mozart; and to the stench of decay that emanated from Mozart's dying body. In Beethoven's case, taboos are invoked in connection with birth and ancestry fantasies, derivatives of a proliferating family romance. With Schubert, taboo centers on his openness to unorthodox sexual experience, including homosexuality. In many instances, taboos of a psychological and institutional nature block the emergence of biographical innovations, which are avoided because they partake of the forbidden. Thus, a central problem for historians is to locate sources of authorization to recognize and perhaps to resolve biographical taboos. Is psychoanalysis, which enjoins us to interrogate every detail of a person's life, including thoughts and dreams, an appropriate theory for such investigations of pathways through the tangle of prohibitions a biographer must negotiate? Or is it, too, implicated in its own particular set of taboos?
ℚ-Gorenstein deformations of nonnormal surfaces
Authors: Tziolas Nikolaos
Published: July 2012

Let $\Delta \subset H$ be the germ of a nonnormal surface along a proper curve
with smooth components such that the high index points of $H$ are
semi-log-terminal and the Gorenstein singular points are semi-log-canonical of
embedding dimension at most 4. We describe the sheaf $T^1_{qG}(H)$ of ${\Bbb
Q}$-Gorenstein deformations of $H$ and we obtain criteria for $\Delta\subset H$
to have ${\Bbb Q}$-Gorenstein terminal smoothings.
Dynamics of regular polynomial endomorphisms of C k
Authors: Bedford Eric , Jonsson Mattias
Published: July 2012

A regular polynomial self-mapping of complex Euclidean space has a continuous extension to the hyperplane at infinity. The induced mapping at infinity is used to describe the dynamics of the self-mapping in a neighborhood of infinity. A theory of external rays is developed to provide the connection between the behavior at infinity and the behavior on the finite plane.
Daphnis and Aphrodite: A Love Affair in Theocritus Idyll 1
Authors: Anagnostou-Laoutides Eva , Konstan David
Published: July 2012

In this article, we argue that the object of Daphnis' enamorment in Theocritus' first Idyll is Aphrodite. Our case is based on two distinct but converging lines of argument. First, we provide reasons for supposing that the character of Daphnis in Theocritus' poem is modelled on that of Adonis and related figures in near-eastern tradition, who serve as the young, dying consorts of a goddess associated with eroticism and love. Second, we argue that the evidence of Idyll 1 points clearly to Daphnis' passion for Aphrodite as the cause of his love-sickness.
The Imagery of "The Way" in the Proem to Sallust's Bellum Catilinae (1-4)
Authors: Krebs Christopher
Published: July 2012

In his proem to the Bellum Catilinae , Sallust elaborates the metaphorical theme of "the way," which is further supported by words that allow for the association of the same image. It is easily grasped by Roman readers because of the well-established parable of the choice between two paths of life, and particularly appropriate in the historian's case, as he justifies his turning away from the cursus honorum towards a new career. The particular imagery reflects the general theme.
Metal Maidens, Achilles' Shield, and Pandora: The Beginnings of "Ekphrasis"
Authors: Francis James A.
Published: July 2012

Ekphrasis has been a popular topic in recent years among scholars of both classical and later literature. The latter have been particularly interested in the modern definition of ekphrasis as a description of artwork and the development of global definitions and theories. Ancient ekphrasis, however, was much broader in scope. By examining Hephaestus' automaton handmaids and the shield of Achilles in the Iliad , along with the Pandora stories in the works of Hesiod, we can illustrate the nature and character of ancient ekphrasis in ways that call into question modern theories and demonstrate the vibrancy and complexity of even its earliest examples in Greek literature.
A New Kind of Model: Cicero's Roman Constitution in De republica
Authors: Asmis Elizabeth
Published: July 2012

This article attempts to answer the question: What makes the Roman constitution "by far the best," as Cicero claims in De republica? Following Polybius, Cicero analyses the Roman constitution as a mixed constitution, which both regard as the best type of constitution. Cicero, however, does not merely impute the best type of constitution to the Romans. He elevates the Roman constitution above all other mixed constitutions as the single best constitution. In rivalry with Plato, he constructs a model of the Roman constitution as an exemplum that can unite the Romans in a common purpose. The constitution is distinguished by two main features: a fair system of cooperation among the whole citizen body and wise guidance by individual leaders. The moral unity of this constitution sets it apart from all other mixed constitutions.
A Tragic Case of Poisoning: Intention Between Tragedy and the Law
Authors: Wohl Victoria
Published: July 2012

This paper explores the circuit of mutual influence between tragedy and law in fifth-century Athens, focusing on the differences between tragic and legal concepts of intention and responsibility. In Antiphon 1 Against the Stepmother the speaker calls his stepmother Clytemnestra. By this pointed tragic allusion he hopes to prejudge the stepmother's liability. But the stepmother also evokes another, more sympathetic, tragic model, Sophocles' Deianira. The tension between these two dramatic models of female intent introduces tragic ambiguities into the legal brief and reveals both the possibilities and the dangers of tragedy as a vehicle for jurisprudential thought.
The Andrapodizing of War Captives in Greek Historical Memory
Authors: Gaca Kathy L.
Published: July 2012

The fundamentals of "andrapodizing" in Greek historical memory need reexamining on lexical and moral grounds. Defining the term "sell into slavery" proves fallacious. "Enslave," though at core correct, fails to recognize that adult fighting men were not andrapodized when captured, subjugated, and kept alive. Rather, andrapodizing is a type of premeditated and semi-lethal warfare aimed expressly against inhabitants not trained, or too old or too young, to fight back. Soldiers, when andrapodizing, abduct and dominate mainly the youthful-young women and self-mobile girls and boys-rather than other abused inhabitants who are abandoned as rejects, including old people and infants. The pandemic "andrapodizing of a locale or populace" follows this sorting procedure.
An Artistic and Optimistic Passage in Hesiod: Works and Days 564-614
Authors: Beall E. F
Published: July 2012

This article analyzes the third section of the agricultural portion of Hesiod's Works and Days. It argues that this section has little to do with a succession of seasonal tasks or with drudgery previously justified on the grounds of morality and profit, as in some common views of the overall work. Rather, the passage is an accomplished example of art that maintains a positive attitude toward the part of life it treats.
Meaning and Material Presence: Four Epigrams on Timomachus's Unfinished Medea
Authors: Gurd Sean Alexander
Published: July 2012

This essay contains readings of four epigrams by Antipater, Antiphilus, and Philip on Timomachus's painting of Medea. This work was unfinished, and I argue that its fragmentary condition plays a crucial role in the epigrams' poetics. Specifically, the painting's incompleteness disrupts the usual conventions and capacities of ekphrastic epigram and induces a crisis in poetic speech. To illustrate this, I rely on the distinction between presence and meaning developed by Hans Ulrich Gumbrecht.
Hopi Footraces and American Marathons, 1912–1930
Authors: Gilbert Matthew Sakiestewa
Published: July 2012

The Hopi people of northeastern Arizona have always been known as great long distance runners. This article examines Hopi runners at Sherman Institute, an off-reservation Indian boarding school in Riverside, California. When Hopis succeeded on the Sherman Institute crosscountry team between 1912 and 1930, their cultural identities challenged white American perceptions of modernity and placed them in a context that had national and international dimensions. These dimensions linked Hopi runners to other athletes from different parts of the world, including Ireland and Japan, and they caused non-Natives to reevaluate their understandings of sports, nationhood, and the cultures of American Indian people. Furthermore, this article examines Hopi agency, and the complex and various ways Hopi runners navigated between tribal dynamics, school loyalties, and a country that closely associated sports with U.S. nationalism. It calls attention to certain cultural philosophies of running that connected Hopi runners to their village communities, and the internal and external forces that strained these ties when Hopis competed in national and international running events.
The New Generation and the New Russia: Modern Childhood as Collective Fantasy
Authors: Mickenberg Julia
Published: July 2012

This essay exposes a confluence between the modern idea of a "new generation" and that of a "new Russia." For many radicals, progressives, and liberals, revolutionary Russia represented hopes for a more equitable social order, in which culture and common good would count for more than profit, and in which children would be raised to become citizens of the world. Focusing on two best-selling texts of the early 1930s, New Russia's Primer: The Story of the Five-Year Plan , a Soviet schoolbook by the Russian engineer M. Il'in, and The New Generation: The Intimate Problems of Modern Parents and Children , a collection of essays by prominent psychologists, sociologists, anthropologists, physicians, and social critics, the essay argues that fascination with Soviet Russia was as tied to the possibility of social engineering via children's education as it was to the engineering of machines and the "romance of economic development."
Oneself as Others: Aurelius and Autobiography
Authors: Dickson Keith
Published: July 2012

Scholarship finds the autobiographical Book 1 of Aurelius’s Meditations peculiar in that it (1) lacks direct enunciation of the self , and (2) focuses instead on the description of others , who (3) are themselves stripped of biographical content. Philippe Lejeune’s claim that autobiography aims to construct the account of a life whose diachronicity is completely effaced by its meaning helps make sense of these anomalies. The same aim also motivates the Late Stoic injunction to examine one’s “representations” or phantasiai , which exhibit a specular relation to the subject that has them.
Blood and Expertise: The Trials of the Female Medical Expert in the Ancien-R�gime Courtroom
Authors: McClive Cathy
Published: July 2012

This article explores the obstacles faced by the female medical expert in the early modern courtroom through a close reading of three case studies: Marie Garnier, expert midwife tried for false testimony in 1665, and Ang�lique Perrotin and Barbe-Fran�oise D'Igard, accused of false accusation of rape and infant substitution, respectively, in the 1730s. The difficulties of determining the veracity of the corporeal signs of a crime were particularly acute with regard to the reproductive female body, which was perceived to be less reliable than its male counterpart. The ability of the female medical expert to accurately and truthfully interpret such signs was also questionable, and at times she seems to have been as much "on trial" as the bodies of those she examined.
My Father and Myself : J. R. Ackerley’s Marginal Modernist Künstlerroman
Authors: Gurfinkel Helena
Published: July 2012

While mainstream modernist (auto)biographical texts separate the Victorian age from modernity by the forceful impact of the Oedipal rebellion, J. R. Ackerley’s My Father and Myself demonstrates that the two ages are drawn together by transgressive father-son desire. The memoir challenges heteronormative masculinity, and belongs to the separate subgenre: the queer Künstlerroman.
Serious Play: Drag, Transgender, and the Relationship between Performance and Identity in the Life Writing of RuPaul and Kate Bornstein
Authors: Schewe Elizabeth
Published: July 2012

RuPaul’s and Bornstein’s life writing is influenced not only by their identifications with gay or transsexual traditions, but also their “disidentifications” with the assimilationist queer politics gaining force in the 1990s. Each negotiates identities on the boundaries of multiple categories while struggling to engage mainstream readers as active participants in creating textual meaning and challenging repressive politics.
Banco del Libro, Venezuela
Authors: Dearden Carmen Diana
Published: July 2012

In a true pioneering spirit, with ingenuity and a sheer determination, the Banco del Libro has constantly sought new ways of disseminating books and promoting reading among children in Venezuela. Enthusiasm, professionalism, closeness to the children and a refreshing lack of bureaucracy are the hallmarks of the Banco del Libro's work, whether in shanty towns, mountain villages, universities or out in cyberspace
Jürg Schubiger: HCA Author Medallist 2008
Authors: Stuck Elisabeth , Lötscher Christine
Published: July 2012

Winner of the 2008 Hans Christian Andersen Medal for writing, the Swiss author and psychotherapist Jürg Schubiger is not a household name outside his native Switzerland. But his work is poetic and philosophical, as well as humorous and deeply revealing of human nature
Screams and Smiles: On Some Possible Human Universals in Children's Book Illustration
Authors: Garrett Jeffrey
Published: July 2012

International children's illustration shows, Jeffrey Garrett suggests here, a substrate of universal human expression – and a universal tendency to mask that expression. Then there are culture-specific elements that may or may not cross the communications divide. When they don't, they are replaced by meanings provided by our native storytelling ability – and children remake and transform stories differently from how adults do it
The Hans Christian Andersen Jury 2008: How it Worked
Authors: Ghaeni Zohreh
Published: July 2012

As president of the Hans Christian Andersen Awards jury, Zohreh Ghaeni was particularly concerned with how IBBY's mission 'to promote international understanding through children's books' could be fulfilled through the HCA awards process. Here she gives an account of the jury's deliberations as they considered their decisions
Between Art and Pedagogy: The History of Danish Children's Literature
Authors: Weinreich Torben
Published: July 2012

It's the same story everywhere: children's books as we know them developed from books with didactic intentions, and our thinking about children's books still bears traces of that didactic history. Torben Weinreich, whose book on the history of Danish children's literature won the IRSCL award, gives a fascinating overview of Danish children's literature from stern beginnings to a flourishing situation today
Monkey King’s Journey to the West: Transmission of a Chinese Folktale to Anglophone Children
Authors: Chen (Chen Ying-Yu) Irene
Published: July 2012

In versions for children of the renowned Chinese folktale ‘Journey to the West’, people tend to shorten the text and eliminate the religious tone in order to make the story more appealing; and in English retellings, the character of Monkey King is traditionally given prominence. In recent retellings for children, the figure of Monkey King is starting to be adjusted to reflect western ideologies, according to Irene Chen. She compares a range of English-language adaptations of ‘Monkey King’, which, she argues, act as a medium for the integration of eastern and western cultures
Substance or Illusion?: Young Adult Literature in India
Authors: Rangachari Devika
Published: July 2012

The applicability in the Indian context of the term ‘young adult literature’ – if by this we mean literature that is largely concerned with family and adolescent issues – is debatable, argues Devika Rangachari. She explains traditional and cultural constraints that have made the development of a modern young adult literature difficult in India, and surveys some books in English that are making a cautious but determined effort to bridge this gap
The War Inside Books
Authors: Innocenti Roberto
Published: July 2012

Acclaimed artist and illustrator, Roberto Innocenti, writes about his experience as a child growing up in Italy during World War II, as well as his thoughts about representing war in books for children.
La poética de la risa en los pasos de Lope de Rueda
Authors: Minic-Vidovic Ranka
Published: July 2012

Lope de Rueda se destaca por sus pasos como hombre de teatro más original y unánimemente apreciado tanto por sus contemporáneos como por la crítica moderna. En estas viñetas de la vida de su época, el autor no elabora ideas ni conceptos. No obstante, ello no implica que estas breves piezas sean descomprometidas y que no encajen en una determinada perspectiva estética e ideológica: la popular. Nuestro propósito en este trabajo es analizar los pasos de Lope de Rueda a la luz de la teoría de Mijail Bajtín sobre el Carnaval y los estudios sobre la cultura popular hispana. Por tanto, entendemos y nos referimos a los pasos como piezas de doble dimensión: como fenómeno literario indisolublemente vinculado al fenómeno de la fiesta popular. (RM-V)
Staging of the King-Noble Conflict: Collective and Personal Power
Authors: Casa Frank P.
Published: July 2012

The conflict between kings and nobles, a commonly treated
theme of Golden Age drama, reflects the struggle for political power
that took place in the late Middle Ages. This essay, starting with an
intriguing article by Ortega y Gasset on the significance of medieval
castles and their inhabitants, seeks to analyzes the way that seventeenth-
century dramatist dealt with it. The origin of the conflict was
the struggle between the holders of the privileges enjoyed by
regional lords and the kings whose drive for the centralization of
authority changed the political system. Ortega advances the observation
that the feudal lords and their castles represent freedom from
the imposition of authority and as such are the forerunners of liberalism.
However, by the seventeenth century, victory had already
been achieved by the monarchy and the dramatists following the
prevailing wind, found themselves exalting royal absolutism and
condemning what they viewed as feudal anarchy. (FPC)
Overhearing Children’s Stories: Children’s Rights in Fanny Fern’s Newspaper Writing
Authors: Lindey Sara
Published: July 2012

This article argues that it is in Fanny Fern’s writing for children, her most sentimental writing, that she realizes her domestic and political mission to protect both children and adults. In her writing involving domestic children’s rights, Fern warns against the alienating influences that separate the adult from her child self as a disruption of identity formation. However, as Fern increasingly writes about children’s political rights, such as protection from intemperate adults, Fern turns toward the satiric. By devising an aesthetic especially for adults, Fern belies her reading imperatives by separating family members.
Twins, Twain, Galton, and Gilman: Fingerprinting, Individualization, Brotherhood, and Race in Pudd’nhead Wilson
Authors: Cole Simon A.
Published: July 2012

It is well-known that Mark Twain introduced the idea of finger-print identification to much of the world in his novella Pudd’nhead Wilson . While Twain’s prescience has often been noted, this essay explores the less-remarked-upon connections between fingerprint identification and the idea of racial typing that forms a central theme of the book. The essay argues that, in addition to foreseeing the use of fingerprint evidence in criminal trials, Twain identified a tension between individualized identification and racial typing that has pervaded the law and criminal-justice systems through the present day.
Popular Metaphors of Biosciences: Bridges over Time?
Authors: Hellsten Iina
Published: July 2012

This article considers temporal discrepancies within popular metaphors of science and technology as carriers of cultural experiences and knowledge over historical time. The focus is on the recent debates on the Human Genome Project, cloning, and stem-cell research. The results show that temporal discrepancies in metaphors differ between journalistic and scientific discourses. There is need for further research on metaphors as bridges across historical periods of time in certain cultural groups.
The Cloud of Unknowing
Authors: Yarber Robert
Published: July 2012

The author presents a case of self-organizing daimonic mythopoiesis. The spiritual tourist, entheogenic experimenter, and the painter enfold a matrix of inter-developed "sorties" into the allotropic differentials of the autopoietic process. Fieldwork in Mandi, Himashal Pradesh, India provides an introduction to the virtualities of the peripersonal as it manifests in a "darshan" or self-showing of the goddess where the velocity of the psychopomp's body approaches pure phase-space. The immersive space of the peripersonal is further revealed in the author's absorption within the wire-frame virtualities of currently available three-dimensional modeling programs. Parallel work is conducted through experimentation with Animita muscaria , a traditional entheogen revered in various cultures. Possibly the ancient Soma of the Vedic scriptures, the mushroom provides occasion for somatic dissociation within which phenomenological data is gathered. Use is made of the phenomenological method of introspection, which more literally becomes a driving inward of the homuncular eye along a trajectory of the cine-somatic gaze through an introjected, intra-corporeal immersive scene. In the conclusion, this ancient "gaze of the clinic" is deemed useful to current research, as corporeality and the politics of peripersonal space enter new technological and juridical frames of reference in relation to agency, identity, and the state.
Mimetics Hostilis : An Assemblage of Law, Psychiatry, and Chemical Artifice
Authors: Boire Richard Glen
Published: July 2012

In 1947, a new drug appeared that was said by its pharmaceutical creator to temporarily simulate psychosis. According to the creator, the drug could facilitate psychiatrists who might take it for the purpose of better understanding their "mental patients." As the drug gained wider use, some psychiatrists (and others) reported that the drug elicited "revelation," "great insights," and "experiences of transcendence." But, branded as a "psychotomimetic," the drug's unexpected and apparent power to grant the grace of transcendent experience created a crisis of consciousness. If the drug mimicked psychosis, were the claimed transcendent and spiritual experiences mere simulations of religious experience? How does the First Amendment's guarantee of religious freedom navigate the inner domain of mind and map the gaps between the authentic and the reproduction, the real and the hallucinated? What is to be said of the fundamental right of religious freedom in the age of neuroscience and psychopharmacology? Have we returned to the age of heresy trials, as judges dawn the robes of priests and decree true religion from the so-called artificial?
A "Headless" Native Talks Back: Nidoish Naisseline and the Kanak Awakening in 1970s New Caledonia
Authors: Chappell David
Published: July 2012

Studies of the Kanak independence movement have tended to focus on the turbulent 1980s in New Caledonia and their aftermath, but the roots of the modern nationalist movement go back to Kanak and Caledonian students who attended universities in France in the 1960s. They were radicalized by what they experienced, including the May 1968 student-worker uprising, and they went home again in 1969 to find colonialism alive and well in their own country. Their protest movement gradually grew into a pro-independence political party, when Jean-Marie Tjibaou was still a moderate cultural activist and political autonomist. The words and actions of Nidoish Naisseline, in particular, merit closer examination in tracing the genealogy of anticolonial Kanak and Caledonian radicalism. They show that when he became high chief on an outer island, his own politics began to change, though he remains to this day a local leader who supports indigenous rights.
Partnering With Education and Job and Training Programs for Sustainable Tobacco Control Among Baltimore African American Young Adults
Authors: Smith Katherine Clegg , Bone Lee , Clay Eric A. , Owings Kerry , Thames Sean , Stillman Frances
Published: July 2012

Background: Young adults are generally overlooked in tobacco control initiatives, even though they are critical to sustained success. African American young adults who are not in higher education or working are particularly vulnerable to harmful tobacco use, given high smoking rates and limited access to cessation services.
Objectives: Guided by community-based participatory research (CBPR) principles, we sought to identify programand community-level strategies to reduce tobacco use among African American young adults in Baltimore. We describe the challenges and opportunities for integrating effective tobacco control into community-based education and job training programs for unemployed young adults.
Methods: As part of a longstanding community-research partnership in Baltimore, we conducted fourteen semistructured key informant interviews with leaders from city government and education and job training programs for young adults. The research design, data collection, analysis, and dissemination all included dialogue between and active contribution by both research and community partners.
Results: Interview data were structured into opportunities (mindset for change and desire for bonds with a trusted adult), challenges (culture of fatalism, tobacco as a stress reliever, and culture of tobacco use among young adults), and possible tobacco control solutions (tobacco education designed with and for program staff and participants and integration of tobacco issues into holistic program goals and policies).

Conclusions: The emergent themes enhance our understanding of how tobacco is situated in the lives of unemployed young adults and the potential for building sustainable, community-based public health solutions.