bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Bucking the Stereotypes: My Little Pony and Challenges to Traditional Gender Roles
Authors: Valiente Christian , Rasmusson Xeno
Published: February 2015

My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic is a cartoon that has become a cultural phenomenon since its inception in 2010. Combining a traditional girl‐centric aesthetic with an all ages and any gender approach to their writing and production, the show appeals to a much broader audience than it's intended demographic of young girls. But does My Little Pony: Friendship is Magic actually challenge the rigidity of gender roles? Nearly all 13 episodes sampled reviewed for this paper included content that represent all three challenges to gender stereotypes identified in the scholarly literature; females are in positions of authority, females are primary characters and female characters drive plot development in non‐gendered ways.
Racial disparity in survival from early breast cancer in the department of defense healthcare system
Authors: Rizzo Julie A. , Sherman William E. , Arciero Cletus A.
Published: February 2015

Background

Racial disparity is often identified as a factor in survival from breast cancer in the United States. Current data regarding survival in patients treated in the Department of Defense Military Healthcare System is lacking.

Methods

The Department of Defense Automated Central Tumor Registry (ACTUR) was queried for all women diagnosed with Stage I or II breast cancer from January 1, 1996 through December 31, 2008. Statistical analyses evaluated demographics, surgical treatment, tumor stage, and survival rates.

Results

There were 8,890 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Patients who were younger, Asian American (versus white or black), lower T and/or N stage had significantly improved survival rates. Interestingly, white and black patients demonstrated similar survival in this study. Patients with a longer period of time between diagnosis and treatment had no decrement in survival. As would be expected, patients with a longer recurrence free period enjoyed longer survival.

Conclusions

Survival from early stage breast cancer is equivalent between white and black patients in the Department of Defense Healthcare System. This finding is contrary to reports from our civilian counterparts and may be indicative of improved access to care and overall improved cancer surveillance. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:819–823. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Acetone as a greener alternative to acetonitrile in liquid chromatographic fingerprinting
Authors: Funari Cristiano Soleo , Carneiro Renato Lajarim , Khandagale Manish M. , Cavalheiro Alberto José , Hilder Emily F.
Published: February 2015

A considerable amount of chemical waste from liquid chromatography analysis is generated worldwide. Acetonitrile is the most employed solvent in liquid chromatography analyses since it exhibits favorable physicochemical properties for separation and detection, but it is an unwelcome solvent from an environmental point of view. Acetone might be a much greener alternative to replace acetonitrile in reversed‐phase liquid chromatography, since both share similar physicochemical properties, but its applicability with ultraviolet absorbance‐based detectors is limited. In this work, a reference method using acetonitrile and high‐performance liquid chromatography coupled to an ultraviolet photodiode array detector coupled to a corona charged aerosol detector system was developed to fingerprint a complex sample. The possibility of effectively substituting acetonitrile with acetone was investigated. Design of experiments was adopted to maximize the number of peaks acquired in both fingerprint developments. The methods with acetonitrile or acetone were successfully optimized and proved to be statistically similar when only the number of peaks or peak capacity was taken into consideration. However, the superiority of the latter was evidenced when parameters of separation and those related to greenness were heuristically combined. A green, comprehensive, time‐ and resource‐saving approach is presented here, which is generic and applicable to other complex matrices. Furthermore, it is in line with environmental legislation and analytical trends.
Quantitative structure–retardation factor relationship of protein amino acids in different solvent mixtures for normal‐phase thin‐layer chromatography
Authors: Yousefinejad Saeed , Honarasa Fatemeh , Saeed Negar
Published: February 2015

A quantitative predictive/descriptive model was proposed for the retardation factors of protein amino acids in normal‐phase thin‐layer chromatography. The experimental retardation factors of 126 chromatographic mixtures (21 protein amino acids in different mobile phases) were used as the independent variable. The matrix of dependent variables of the model was built using structural descriptors of amino acids and empirical parameters of solvents of the applied mobile phases. After variable selection, a five‐parametr model was proposed for the retardation factor of amino acids, which covered about 84 and 77% variance of data in training and cross‐validation, respectively. The correlation coefficient of the external test set was 0.80, which shows the prediction potential of proposed model as well as its good applicability domain that was checked using a standardized residual‐leverage plot.
Comparative outcomes of different endovenous thermal ablation systems on great and small saphenous vein insufficiency: Long‐term results
Authors: Weiss Robert A. , Weiss Margaret A. , Eimpunth Sasima , Wheeler Sandra , Udompunturak Suthipol , Beasley Karen L.
Published: February 2015

Background and Objective

This study examined the outcomes of over a decade of endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) treatments for great and small saphenous vein (GSV and SSV) insufficiency, utilizing three different endovenous thermal ablation systems.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study reviewed EVTA treatments performed at an outpatient clinic (MDLSVI) from April 1999 to February 2013. Systems included 810 nm diode (hemoglobin targeting), 1,320 nm laser (water targeting) and a radiofrequency (direct thermal transfer) (RF) device. Clinical and ultrasonographic evaluation were performed before treatment and at each follow‐up visit. Patients were examined yearly by Duplex ultrasonography. Success was defined as complete absence of reflux.

Results

Analysis of 934 treatments demonstrated that although recanalization could occur over time, endovenous ablation has a very high success rate. Ablation rates were 92.5%, 85.9%, and 71.9% at 6‐months, 1‐year, and 5‐years after procedures. Recanalization occurred in 156 out of 934 treatments (16.7%) during the follow‐up period. Among three difference systems, the total ablation success rate was significantly different (P < 0.001). The 1,320 nm Nd:YAG laser (n = 502) provided the highest ablation rate compared to the radiofrequency (n = 398) and 810 nm diode (n = 34) throughout their follow‐up period, which were 8, 13, and 9 years, respectively. At 1‐year follow‐up, successful ablation rates of RF, 810 nm, and 1,320 nm were 78.2%, 80.8%, and 93.7%, respectively. At 5‐year follow‐up, successful ablation rates of RF, 810 nm, and 1,320 nm were 61.7%, 65.7%, and 84.7%, respectively.

Conclusion

EVTA is very effective for ablation of the GSV and SSV. Complete ablation varied significantly among different systems with water targeting 1,320 nm providing the highest incidence saphenous vein ablation. This remained durable at 8‐year follow‐up by Duplex ultrasound. Lasers Surg. Med. 47:156–160, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Eight‐tap transversal filter using a multiwavelength optical source and a dispersive fiber
Authors: Kwon Won‐Bae , Choi Yong‐Kyu , Park Chang‐Soo
Published: February 2015

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an eight‐tap transversal filter using a multiwavelength optical source and a dispersive fiber. The multiple wavelengths corresponding to taps are generated by combining broadband optical sources with the arrayed waveguide gratings providing equal wavelength spacing. This method has the advantage of providing a constant time delay between taps together with a dispersive medium (i.e., fiber). The free spectral range (FSR) of the filter is changed by controlling the fiber length. The experimental results showed an FSR of 7.03 GHz and a main to secondary sidelobe ratio of 12.1 dB with 0.8‐nm wavelength spacing, and 3.46 GHz and 13.4 dB with 1.6‐nm wavelength spacing, respectively. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:942–945, 2015
Circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with shallow and embedded structure for airborne GPS applications
Authors: Huang Wei , Sun Ling , Sun Baohua , Sun Qiao
Published: February 2015

A new circularly polarized magnetic dipole antenna with shallow and embedded structure is designed for operation at the global positioning system (GPS) L2 band. The antenna consists of two pairs of orthogonal magnetic dipoles and a simple microstrip feed structure. The four sides of the antenna are grounded with sheet metals, leading to the antenna being insensitive to the surrounding environment. It forms a closed and firm box. The proposed antenna can be integrated with the metallic aircraft without any gaps. It has a low profile of only 0.04
, where
is the free‐space wavelength of the GPS L2 band (1227.5 MHz). A prototype has been designed, fabricated and found to have an impedance bandwidth of 5.92% and a 3‐dB axial‐ratio bandwidth of about 2.61% at GPS frequency of 1227.5 MHz. In addition, a model which includes the proposed antenna and a metallic aircraft is simulated. The results show that the metallic aircraft has small effect on the antenna. The antenna is suitable for airborne GPS applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:902–906, 2015
Parameter designing to improve the energy efficiency of quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier
Authors: Yu Kuanglu , Wu Chongqing , Zhang Limei , Wang Zhi , Liu Guodong , Zhao Yao
Published: February 2015

We theoretically analyze the performance and gain properties of the quantum dot semiconductor optical amplifier's (QD‐SOA) performance using a three‐state mode and a universal two‐level model. Although the first model describes the semiconductor optical amplifier's (SOA's) behavior with the photon numbers and the other in optical powers, these two are found to have a same format and the second one can also well describe the QD‐SOA's behavior. Then, the QD‐SOA's energy efficiency's dependence on its active region length is deduced with the two‐level model; theoretical results indicate that the SOA's maximal energy efficiency climbs with input optical power while the energy‐efficient active region length decreases linearly with increase of the power in dBm. Experimental results show that the efficiency optimized input power is proportional with the SOA's work current and saturation power just as predicted. These theory and experimental results may be guidelines for the energy‐efficient SOA designing and applications. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:896–901, 2015
Compact MM‐wave CMOS distributed amplifier using series‐peaking line and M‐derived section
Authors: Lee Iljin , Yoon Sangwoo , Rieh Jae‐Sung , Jeon Sanggeun
Published: February 2015

An mm‐wave distributed amplifier (DA) with high gain‐bandwidth (GBW) product and small chip area is implemented in a 65‐nm CMOS process. The DA consists of five cascode unit cells for high gain and isolation. To achieve a wide bandwidth, a series‐peaking line and an m‐derived section are inserted at the interstage and output networks, respectively, of each cascode unit cell. The transistor size is optimized for compromising the tradeoff between gain and bandwidth. For compact layout, all matching sections and lines are implemented using the microstrip structure. The DA exhibits a measured gain of 8.2 dB and a 3‐dB bandwidth of 65 GHz, thus reaching a GBW of 163 GHz. The return loss at the input and output are both more than 13 dB over the entire bandwidth. Due to compact layout, the chip occupies only 0.5 mm2. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:814–817, 2015
Ultracompact Si slot waveguide‐based polarization rotators
Authors: Tran Thang Q. , Kim Sangin
Published: February 2015

A novel silicon asymmetric tilted slot waveguide‐based polarization rotator is presented. A large birefringence in the silicon slot waveguide facilitated a compact polarization rotator of subwavelength scale. A 1287 nm long TM to TE and TE to TM polarization rotator was achieved with an extinction ratio of 10 dB and an insertion loss of less than 5 dB at an operating wavelength of 1500 nm. Further performance improvement is possible for polarization rotator designed to work on TM to TE (or TE to TM) conversion: a 711 nm long TM to TE polarization rotator with 9.25 dB extinction ratio and 2.2dB insertion loss was also numerically demonstrated. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:779–785, 2015
Compact polarization diversity ultrawideband mimo antenna with triple band‐notched characteristics
Authors: Huang He , Liu Ying , Zhang Shao‐Shuai , Gong Shu‐Xi
Published: February 2015

A compact ultrawideband (UWB) antenna with three notch bands for polarization diversity applications is proposed in this article. Composed of two identical monopoles which can easily get UWB operation, the antenna delivers polarization diversity operation by placing the two monopoles vertical to each other, and high isolation is obtained without using any extra decoupling structures. Three notch bands aiming to avoid interference to the UWB system are realized by two different types of resonators. Furthermore, a four‐element UWB MIMO antenna is also presented. Both of them have great performance, making themselves good candidates for promising wireless polarization diversity communication systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:946–953, 2015
Corner truncated broadband patch antenna with circular slots
Authors: Baudha Sudeep , Dinesh Kumar Vishwakarma
Published: February 2015

In this communication, a corner truncated broadband patch antenna with circular slots is presented. The proposed antenna is fabricated on 14 * 14 * 1.57 mm3 Rogers RT5870 substrate (εr = 2.33 and loss tangent of 0.0012) and a 50‐Ω SMA connector is used for excitation. Bandwidth enhancement has been reported due to cutting of two circular slots and truncating the corners of the square patch, which gives rise to mode splitting phenomenon and better impedance matching. Simulated results show that the impedance bandwidth (S11 < 10 dB) of the proposed antenna is 19% (10.8–13.2 GHz). Measured results are in good agreement with the simulated results. The fractional bandwidth of the proposed antenna has enhanced from 8.5 to 19% as compared to the simple patch antenna, showing an enhancement of 123%. The peak gain of the proposed antenna is 7 dB. The antenna finds application in satellite communication, radar communication, and other alleged wireless communication services. Details and comparison of the proposed antenna with simple patch antenna have been described. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:845–849, 2015
500 MBIT/s OOK‐NRZ transceiver for 50 m GI‐POF using 100 MHz RC‐led
Authors: Binh Phi H. , Trong Vo D.
Published: February 2015

A high‐speed fiber optic transceiver using 650 nm resonant‐cavity light‐emitting diode (RC‐LED) and silicon pin photodiode for polymer optical fiber (POF) systems is presented. The transmitter exploits peaking and carrier sweep‐out effects to improve on‐off keying modulation rate of 100 MHz bandwidth RC‐LEDs by over 250%. An error‐free data transmission over 50 m graded‐index POF is demonstrated at 500 Mbit/s data rate. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:826–830, 2015
A 7.3 mWW‐band double‐balanced up‐conversion mixer with 7.3 dB conversion gain and 65.5 dB LO‐RF isolation in 90 nm CMOS technology
Authors: Lin Yo‐Sheng , Liu Run‐Chi
Published: February 2015

A W‐band double‐balanced mixer for direct up‐conversion using standard 90 nm CMOS technology is reported. The mixer comprises an enhanced double‐balanced Gilbert cell with PMOS negative resistance compensation for conversion gain (CG) enhancement and current injection for power consumption reduction and linearity improvement, a Marchand balun for converting the single local oscillator (LO) input signal to differential signal, another Marchand balun for converting the differential RF output signal to single signal, and an output buffer amplifier for loading effect reduction and CG enhancement. The mixer consumes low power of 7.3 mW and achieves intermediate frequency‐port input reflection coefficient (S11) smaller than −8.8 dB for frequencies lower than 3 GHz, and LO‐port input reflection coefficient (S22) of −8.8∼ −23.9 dB and RF‐port input reflection coefficient (S33) of −11.2 to −22.4 dB for frequencies of 70–90 GHz. For RF frequencies of 77–81 GHz, the mixer achieves CG of 5.2–7.3 dB and LO‐RF isolation of 62.3–65.5 dB, the best CG and isolation results ever reported for a W‐band CMOS/BiCMOS up‐conversion mixer. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:879–886, 2015
Forbidden regions of L‐section impedance matching networks on Meta‐Smith charts for conjugately characteristic‐impedance transmission lines
Authors: Torrungrueng Danai , Mekathikom Theeraputh
Published: February 2015

In this article, the ZY Meta‐Smith chart (MSC) is applied to intuitively determine a forbidden region for all eight L‐section matching networks associated with conjugately characteristic‐impedance transmission lines (CCITLs) with nonnegative characteristic resistances (NNCRs), where a load impedance cannot be matched to a CCITL. Due to the fact that the ZY MSC for CCITLs with NNCRs depends on the argument ϕ of the characteristic impedances
of CCITLs (which can be negative, zero, or positive), three cases for each L‐section matching network are considered to determine the effect of the argument ϕ on forbidden regions, resulting in a total of 24 cases for all L‐section matching networks. It is found that the ZY MSC for CCITLs with NNCRs is indeed a useful graphical tool for enabling intuition for radio‐frequency engineers with additional physical insight into impedance matching of L‐section matching networks. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:874–879, 2015
Design of X‐band power amplifier for leo satellite transmitter
Authors: Mansour Islam , Elhennawy Hadia , Tag El‐Dien Adly S.
Published: February 2015

The design of a three‐stage X‐band power amplifier (PA) is presented in this article. The amplifier is realized using an ATF‐38143 low noise PHEMT FET. The proposed PA achieves 17–18.3 dB power gain, a good input matching (S11 < −8 dB) and a good output matching (S22 < −10 dB). The average power added efficiency when the input power 5 dBm is 50% over the 4‐GHz bandwidth (from 8 to 12 GHz). The total power consumption of the PA is 0.24 W from 2.5 V supply voltage. Its performance was simulated using Agilent EEs of ADS simulator. The PA is fabricated with photolithographic technique and scattering parameters are measured using Agilent Vector Network Analyzer ES1978. Measurements and simulations show good agreement. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:860–865, 2015
Novel design of reconfigurable microstrip slot antenna with switchable band‐notched characteristic
Authors: Ojaroudi Sajjad , Ojaroudi Yasser , Ojaroudi Nasser
Published: February 2015

In this article, a kind of reconfigurable slot antenna with multiresonance and switchable band‐notched functions is designed and manufactured whose frequency characteristics can be reconfigured electronically to has a band‐notched function to block interfering signals 5–6 GHz wireless local area network (WLAN). In the proposed design, by using a pair of protruded arrow‐shaped strips inside an extra rectangular slot in the ground plane, additional resonance is excited and hence much wider impedance bandwidth can be produced, especially at the higher band which provides a wide usable fractional bandwidth of more than 135%. Using these modified structures, the usable upper frequency of the antenna is extended from 8.6 to 13.7 GHz. To generate a reconfigurable band‐stop performance, we use a PIN diode within the inserted triangular‐shaped slot in the modified radiating stub. By changing the ON/OFF conditions of the PIN diode, the antenna can be used to generate a switchable band‐notched characteristic. It will help to minimize the interference between the UWB and WLAN systems and whenever there is no coexistence system, the structure of the antenna can be transformed in a way that leads to a whole coverage of UWB spectrum. The antenna exhibits good radiation behavior within the UWB frequency range. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:849–853, 2015
Electrically small printed antenna for applications on cubesat and nano‐satellite platforms
Authors: Volkan A. K. A. N.
Published: February 2015

A very compact circularly polarized antenna to be utilized readily on nanosatellite and CubeSat platforms is presented. Nanosatellite and CubeSats have very limited volume and surfaces bringing a physical size constraint on the components and antennas which should also be as functional as their counterparts used in similar terrestrial systems. The proposed structure is a cavity‐backed antenna with tapered crossed‐slot aperture. The antenna is a low‐profile compared to wavelength, circularly polarized and wide‐band with respect to conventional high‐Q printed antennas. Two different designs to operate at 2.44 GHz are implemented on two different substrates, occupying a footprint of 38 mm × 38 mm and 30 mm × 30 mm. Their measured percentage impedance bandwidths are 2% and 1.68%, respectively. The obtained maximum gain is about 5 dBic around the target frequency. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:891–896, 2015
Multiband antenna for portable device applications
Authors: Honarvar M. Amin , Hamidi Naeemehsadat , Virdee Bal S.
Published: February 2015

This article describes a compact planar microstrip antenna for multiband transceiver application. The proposed antenna consists of a combination of E‐shaped and C‐shaped radiators that are excited via a common microstrip feed‐line. Embedded in the ground‐plane are included an open‐ and short‐ended slots whose purpose is to enhance the antenna's impedance match and increase the number of bands in which the antenna can operate. A prototype antenna was fabricated on a standard FR4 substrate with εr of 4.4 and thickness of 1.6 mm, and its reflection‐coefficient and radiation patterns were measured to demonstrate its feasibility. Measurements confirm the antenna can simultaneously operate over the frequency bands of: DCS (1.71–1.85 GHz), PCS (1.85–1.99 GHz), UMTS (1.92–2.17 GHz), Wibro (2.3–2.39 GHz), WLAN+ Bluetooth (2.4–2.48 MHz), WIMAX (2.5–2.69 GHz), WIMAX (3.3–3.5 GHz), HIPERLAN2 (5.15–5.35/5.47–5.725 GHz), and WLAN (5.15–5.35/5.725–5.825 GHz). The antenna has dimensions of 30 × 40 × 1.6 mm3, which is compatible with the requirements imposed by portable wireless systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:956–959, 2015
Design of dual‐band gan doherty power amplifier using a simplified structure
Authors: Shao Jin , Zhou Rongguo , Yoon Sang‐Woong , Fu Song , Kim Hyoungsoo , Zhang Hualiang
Published: February 2015

In this article, we present a simplified Doherty power amplifier (DPA) architecture for the easy implementation of dual‐band operation. The proposed DPA structure eliminates the 35 Ω quarter wavelength impedance inverters used in the conventional DPAs by matching the output impedances of the carrier and peak amplifiers of the DPA to other values (e.g., 100 Ω). The electrical lengths of the offset line and the phase compensation line are carefully chosen to enhance the Doherty effect (high efficiency at back‐off power level) at two assigned frequency bands. Broadband matching networks are also designed to increase the operation bandwidths at the two designed bands. To prove the design concept, a dual‐band DPA is designed and measured. In the first frequency band (550–650 MHz), the designed DPA provides 60.6–76.3% drain efficiency (DE) at full output power, 46–54.9% DE at 6 dB of output power back‐off (OBO); in the second frequency band (950–1050 MHz), the designed DPA provides 51.4–61.2% DE at full output power, 35–38% DE at 6 dB of OBO. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 57:953–956, 2015
Traumatism in the Wild Animals Kept and Offered at Predynastic Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt
Authors: Van Neer W. , Udrescu M. , Linseele V. , De Cupere B. , Friedman R.
Published: February 2015

A description is given of the violence‐related pathologies that are observed in a number of wild mammals that were buried in the predynastic cemetery HK6 at Hierakonpolis, Upper Egypt. Unlike other predynastic graveyards, where only domestic cattle, sheep, goat and dogs are interred, the elite cemetery HK6 yielded also a wide variety of wild species that were buried as part of extensive mortuary complexes surrounding the graves of the highest local elite. The animals were interred, singly or in groups, often in graves of their own, but some also accompany human burials. Pathologies were found on the skeletons of 20 of the 38 wild animals discovered thus far, namely 15 anubis baboons (Papio anubis), one leopard (Panthera pardus), one jungle cat (Felis chaus), one hartebeest (Alcelaphus buselaphus), one aurochs (Bos primigenius) and one hippo (Hippopotamus amphibius). Most of the pathologies are healed fractures resulting from violent blows, and a smaller proportion seems to be related to tethering. These conditions indicate that the animals were held in captivity for a prolonged period of time after their capture. The type and frequency of the encountered deformations differ from those seen in wild animals from other, more recent Egyptian cemeteries (Abydos, Tuna el‐Gebel, Gabanet el‐Girou and Saqqara) where mainly metabolic disorders are observed that have been attributed to chronic malnutrition and vitamin D deficiency as a result of inadequate housing in a dark environment. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Molecular Dynamics Calculations of CH3 Sticking Coefficient onto Diamond Surfaces
Authors: Schwaederlé Laurent , Brault Pascal , Rond Cathy , Gicquel Alix
Published: February 2015

A molecular dynamics model is implemented in a way dedicated to simulate initial conditions close to microwave plasma deposition of thick single crystal diamond films. The sticking coefficient of CH3 radical is obtained for (111) and (100) surface at three gas and substrate temperatures: 1 120, 1 200, and 1 500 K. A low value of 5.10−4 is obtained, which is consistent with experimental findings claiming values less than 0.01 or equating to 8.10−3 at 1 120 K.
Modeling the effects of dust‐radiative forcing on the movement of Hurricane Helene (2006)
Authors: Chen Shu‐Hua , Liu Yi‐Chin , Nathan Terrence R. , Davis Christopher , Torn Ryan , Sowa Nicholas , Cheng Chao‐Tzuen , Chen Jen‐Ping
Published: February 2015

The influence of direct dust‐radiative forcing on the movement and track of Hurricane Helene (2006) is examined numerically using the Weather Research and Forecasting dust model. Numerical simulations show that the model‐generated dust plume modifies the thermal field, causing a clockwise turning of the vertical shear surrounding the plume, which changes the deep layer steering flow. The change in the steering flow modifies Helene's moving speed and direction as it transits the plume. As Helene exits the plume, it has a different trajectory than it would have had in the absence of dust‐radiative forcing. Consequently, the difference in the tracks with and without dust‐radiative forcing continues to grow with distance from the plume. The dust‐induced changes in temperature and wind together cause Helene's modeled storm track to be in closer agreement with the observed track; the dust‐radiative forcing reduces the error in the model's 7‐day track forecasts by an average of 27% (∼205 km).
IRAK4 gene polymorphism and odontogenic maxillary sinusitis
Authors: Pereira Inês Guerra , Vaz Paula , Almeida Ricardo Faria , Braga Ana Cristina , Felino António
Published: February 2015

Objectives

This study aimed to evaluate whether a specific interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase-4 (IRAK4) gene polymorphism had any influence on the development of changes in maxillary sinus, particularly in the presence of etiological factors of dental origin.

Materials and methods

The study population included 153 Portuguese Caucasians that were selected from a database of 504 retrospectively analysed computed tomography (CT) scans. A genetic test was performed, and a model was created through logistic analysis and regression coefficients. The statistical methodologies included were the independent Chi test, Fisher’s exact test, binary logistic regression and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve.

Results

The estimated prevalence of IRAK4 gene polymorphism found in a Portuguese Caucasian population was 26.8 % (CI 95 %) [20.1, 34.7 %]. A model to predict the inflammatory response in the maxillary sinus in the presence etiological factors of dental origin was constructed. This model had the following as variables: previously diagnosed sinusitis, sinus pressure symptoms, cortical bone loss observed on CT, positive genetic test result and radiographic examination that revealed the roots of the teeth communication with the maxillary sinus, which are interpreted as risk factors.

Conclusions

The constructed model should be considered an initial clinical tool. The area under the ROC curve found, AUC = 0.91, revealed that the model correctly predicts the outcome in 91.1 % of cases.

Clinical relevance

The clinical relevance of this study lies in trying to achieve a potential tool (a model) that may assist the clinician in the implementation of suitable dental treatment plans in complex cases, with probable involvement of the maxillary sinus.
Thermal Oxidation Analysis of Forage Turnip (Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg.) Oil
Authors: Oliveira Ivan Pires , Souza Augusto Ferreira , Lescano Caroline Honaiser , Caires Anderson Rodrigues Lima , Muzzi Rozanna Marques
Published: February 2015

In this work, the composition of fatty acids and the oxidative stability of the oil from Raphanus sativus L. var. oleiferus Metzg. are presented and analyzed with the Rancimat method, and by absorption and molecular fluorescence spectroscopy. The gas chromatography showed that the content of unsaturated fatty acids was 90.27 ± 6.10 %, with a predominance of oleic (C 18:1), linoleic (C 18:2), erucic (C 22:1), linolenic (C 18:3) and eicosenoic (C 20:1) acids. The induction period determined by the Rancimat method was 48.0 ± 1.0 h. In addition, the thermal degradation of the oil was monitored through its acid value, density, UV–Vis absorption and molecular fluorescence, and here we show the potential applicability of emission spectroscopy for R. sativus oil oxidation studies.
Web Resources for Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics
Authors: Chen Tao , Zhao Jie , Ma Jie , Zhu Yunping
Published: February 2015

With the development of high-resolution and high-throughput mass spectrometry (MS) technology, a large quantum of proteomic data is continually being generated. Collecting and sharing these data are a challenge that requires immense and sustained human effort. In this report, we provide a classification of important web resources for MS-based proteomics and present rating of these web resources, based on whether raw data are stored, whether data submission is supported, and whether data analysis pipelines are provided. These web resources are important for biologists involved in proteomics research.
Whose fault is it? Effects of relational self‐views and outcome counterfactuals on self‐serving attribution biases following brand policy changes
Authors: Wiggin Kyra L. , Yalch Richard F.
Published: February 2015

Many consumers view their relationships with brands as part of their identity and this affects how they react to a brand's behavior that negatively impacts them. In assigning responsibility for negative outcomes, individuals often demonstrate a self‐serving bias by assigning more responsibility to their partner and less to themselves. In three studies, we demonstrate that this tendency is resisted among consumers holding a strong relational self‐view. However, their self‐serving bias emerges when the outcome represents a near‐miss situation in which a more favorable counterfactual alternative outcome was highly possible. This change in attributions is associated with increased feelings of being betrayed and perceived unfairness by the brand even though its actions are identical in the near‐miss and far‐miss situations.
A New Discourse on the Kitchen: Feminism and Environmental Education
Authors: Stovall Holly A. , Baker-Sperry Lori , Dallinger Judith M.
Published: February 2015

Popularised feminist discourse has devalued daily cooking and implicitly defined it as work that reinforces women's second-class status. In an era of climate change linked to industrialised foods and disease epidemics caused by the modern Western diet, kitchen work has acquired political importance. Daily cooking must be understood as public, as well as private. Neither feminist theorists nor environmental educators have integrated cooking in the kitchen, specifically, into discourse. By examining two local foods activist groups, we measure one site where feminists value cooking, and we develop a feminist theory of gender-inclusivity. Based on our survey, feminists who cook with local foods are only beginning to ideologically integrate feminism and sustainable foods cooking; however, we argue that in practice, the connection is strong and that it is time to conceptualise a new discourse on the kitchen for a feminist-environmental theory of cooking.
Inquisition Records from Goa as Sources for the Study of Slavery in the Eastern Domains of the Portuguese Empire
Authors: Hassell Stephanie
Published: February 2015

Goan inquisition case summaries from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provide invaluable information about African and Asian slaves in the Estado da Índia, the eastern domains of the Portuguese Empire stretching from southern Africa to China. As most of the full trial records have been destroyed, the case summaries fill a crucial gap. The summaries also provide context for extant Goan trials. This article discusses the methodological challenges of using these records.
Flow regimes for fluid injection into a confined porous medium
Authors: Zheng Zhong , Guo Bo , Christov Ivan C. , Celia Michael A. , Stone Howard A.
Published: February 2015

We report theoretical and numerical studies of the flow behaviour when a fluid is injected into a confined porous medium saturated with another fluid of different density and viscosity. For a two-dimensional configuration with point source injection, a nonlinear convection–diffusion equation is derived to describe the time evolution of the fluid–fluid interface. In the early time period, the fluid motion is mainly driven by the buoyancy force and the governing equation is reduced to a nonlinear diffusion equation with a well-known self-similar solution. In the late time period, the fluid flow is mainly driven by the injection, and the governing equation is approximated by a nonlinear hyperbolic equation that determines the global spreading rate; a shock solution is obtained when the injected fluid is more viscous than the displaced fluid, whereas a rarefaction wave solution is found when the injected fluid is less viscous. In the late time period, we also obtain analytical solutions including the diffusive term associated with the buoyancy effects (for an injected fluid with a viscosity higher than or equal to that of the displaced fluid), which provide the structure of the moving front. Numerical simulations of the convection–diffusion equation are performed; the various analytical solutions are verified as appropriate asymptotic limits, and the transition processes between the individual limits are demonstrated. The flow behaviour is summarized in a diagram with five distinct dynamical regimes: a nonlinear diffusion regime, a transition regime, a travelling wave regime, an equal-viscosity regime, and a rarefaction regime.
Early-time free-surface flow driven by a deforming boundary
Authors: Brasz C. Frederik , Arnold Craig B. , Stone Howard A. , Lister John R.
Published: February 2015

When a solid boundary deforms rapidly into a quiescent liquid layer, a flow is induced that can lead to jet formation. An asymptotic analytical solution is presented for this flow, driven by a solid boundary deforming with dimensionless vertical velocity $V_{b}(x,t)={\it\epsilon}(1+\cos x)\,f(t)$, where the amplitude ${\it\epsilon}$ is small relative to the wavelength and the time dependence $f(t)$ approaches 0 for large $t$. Initially, the flow is directed outwards from the crest of the deformation and slows with the slowing of the boundary motion. A domain-perturbation method is used to reveal that, when the boundary stops moving, nonlinear interactions with the free surface leave a remnant momentum directed back towards the crest, and this momentum can be a precursor to jet formation. This scenario arises in a laser-induced printing technique in which an expanding blister imparts momentum into a liquid film to form a jet. The analysis provides insight into the physics underlying the interaction between the deforming boundary and free surface, in particular, the dependence of the remnant flow on the thickness of the liquid layer and the deformation amplitude and wavelength. Numerical simulations are used to show the range of validity of the analytical results, and the domain-perturbation solution is extended to an axisymmetric domain with a Gaussian boundary deformation to compare with previous numerical simulations of blister-actuated laser-induced forward transfer.
Smoking Habits of the Homeless
Authors: Weiner Amy , Rabiner Mark , Marron Thomas
Published: February 2015

The homeless population in the United States remains high, with over 600,000 homeless on any given night, and surveys in multiple homeless communities have found smoking rates to range from 68 to 80%, 3–4 times the national average (Baggett, Tobey, & Rigotti, 2013). This high rate is of grave concern to this vulnerable population, as cigarette smoking is the leading preventable cause of premature death in the United States, and cardiovascular disease and cancers of the lung and airway secondary to smoking are the leading causes of death within the homeless population (Porter, Houston, Anderson & Maryman, 2011). Over the last two decades, moves to curb smoking in New York City through taxation and bans on indoor smoking resulted in significantly lower smoking rates throughout the city (Coady et al., 2012). However, as primary care providers to the homeless, we have noted continued high rates of smoking among our patients despite the citywide success of cessation programs, and whether the changes over the last two decades have affected smoking rates in this vulnerable population has not been assessed in the literature. We conducted a survey of 224 homeless adults in New York City shelter walk-in clinics in the 2013 calendar year to assess the current prevalence of smoking in this population, and assess the impact of restrictions, specifically precipitous elevation in prices.
Estimating the latent number of types in growing corpora with reduced cost–accuracy trade-off
Authors: HIDAKA SHOHEI
Published: February 2015

The number of unique words in children's speech is one of most basic statistics indicating their language development. We may, however, face difficulties when trying to accurately evaluate the number of unique words in a child's growing corpus over time with a limited sample size. This study proposes a novel technique to estimate thelatentnumber of words from a series of words uttered by children. This technique utilizes statistical properties of the number of types as a function of the number of sampled tokens. We tested the practical effectiveness of the proposed method in the empirical data analysis of the cross-sectional and longitudinal samples. The converging empirical evidence indicates that the proposed estimator improves the accuracy of vocabulary size estimation over a set of existing estimators. Utilizing this efficient estimator, we propose a new sampling scheme for vocabulary assessment that has lower cost and higher accuracy compared to existing methods.
From the Jordan River to Lake Titicaca: Paintings of the Baptism of Christ in Colonial Andean Churches
Authors: Suarez Ananda Cohen
Published: February 2015

The arts of the colonial Andes bear witness to a complex and contested story of evangelization that involved a variety of actors, including priests, artists, indigenous congregations, and confraternities. Sculptures of saints, sumptuousretablos(altarpieces), canvas paintings with elaborate gilded frames, and mural cycles devoted to a variety of biblical themes were employed in the religious instruction of indigenous communities, and as catalysts for sensorial modes of communication. The visual arts provided a tangible analogue to sermons and printed catechisms, offering parishioners a lens through which to envision the sacred. Adapted from European iconographic models and infused with local references and symbolism, religious art throughout the colonial Americas introduced new visual vocabularies to indigenous congregations, who quickly became conversant in these images of conversion.
The Lima IndianLetrados:Remaking theRepública de Indiosin the Bourbon Andes
Authors: Dueñas Alcira
Published: February 2015

In building its early modern empire across the Atlantic, Spain deployed an army of legal bureaucrats who were rooted in the Iberian culture of letters and inherited Roman law. To rule their possessions in the New World, the Habsburgs attempted a wholesale incorporation of indigenous peoples into a Hispanicized legal culture. They redistributed the native population, introduced new forms of communication, and implemented their notions of justice and social order to counter the authority ofkurakas(ethnic lords) in the Andes. Over time, the establishment of Spanish legal and political institutions encouraged new supra-ayllu(community) loyalties among Andeans, while in the newly createdreduccionesor Indian towns, native literate officials became the immediate brokers between the colonial state and theRepública de Indios, a colonial reordering of indigenous worlds. Working closely with one another, indigenousescribanos,alcaldes ordinarios,procuradores de cabildo(legal advocates of the Indians’ council), along with interpreters andfiscales de iglesia(overseers of Indian conversion), performed their jobs in local office in both expected and unanticipated ways. They interwove alphabetic literacy with their experience as servants of the state and the church, creating alternative legal practices and interpretations.
Swiss Prison Suicides Between 2000 and 2010
Authors: Gauthier Saskia , Reisch Thomas , Bartsch Christine
Published: February 2015

Background: Suicide is the leading cause of death in Swiss prisons. The Federal Statistics Office provides numbers but no further details. Previous studies worldwide have focused on identifying suicide risk factors in prisoners, but very few have looked at the methods used in relation to prevention strategies. Aims: To obtain details of Swiss prison suicides, determine new findings in an international context, and establish prevention strategies based on the information acquired. Method: Retrospective data analysis of prison suicides extracted from the database of all suicides investigated by Swiss institutes of legal medicine between 2000 and 2010, using a standardized assessment sheet. Results: Out of 4,885 suicides investigated in the institutes of legal medicine in Switzerland, we identified 50 (1.02%) inmate suicides. Most were unmarried Swiss men, with a median age of 32 years. The two most common methods used were hanging and tricyclic antidepressant overdose. Two died due to self-immolation. Conclusion: Swiss prison suicides do not differ from those in other countries regarding sociodemographic details and the most common method of hanging. Anchoring devices, even low ones, should be avoided to prevent hanging and medication intake should be monitored. As prisoners use tricyclic antidepressants to die by suicide, we recommend the general monitoring of intake.
Effects of Parliamentary Elections on Suicide Rates in Hungary
Authors: Zonda Tamás , Kmetty Zoltán , Lester David , Tóth Mónika Ditta
Published: February 2015

Background: Phillips and Feldman reported a decline in suicides leading up to the American presidential elections, but Wasserman argued that elections had no impact on suicide. Aims: The present study explored the impact of elections on suicides in Hungary. Method: The study examined changes in the number of suicides in Hungary during the period 1990–2010 on the days of parliamentary elections, and in the weeks and months surrounding the elections. Results: There was no significant impact from the elections on the number of suicides. Conclusion: The data from Hungary replicated the results of Wasserman rather than those of Phillips and Feldman.
Critical Review on Suicide Among Nurses
Authors: Alderson Marie , Parent-Rocheleau Xavier , Mishara Brian
Published: February 2015

Background: Research shows that there is a high prevalence of suicide among nurses. Despite this, it has been 15 years since the last literature review on the subject was published. Aim: The aim of this article is to review the knowledge currently available on the risk of suicide among nurses and on contributory risk factors. Method: A search was conducted in electronic databases using keywords related to prevalence and risk factors of suicide among nurses. The abstracts were analyzed by reviewers according to selection criteria. Selected articles were submitted to a full-text review and their key elements were summarized. Results: Only nine articles were eligible for inclusion in this review. The results of this literature review highlight both the troubling high prevalence of suicide among nurses as well as the persistent lack of studies that examine this issue. Conclusion: Considering that the effects of several factors related to nurses' work and work settings are associated with high stress, distress, or psychiatric problems, we highlight the relevance of investigating work-related factors associated with nurses' risk of suicide. Several avenues for future studies are discussed as well as possible research methods.