bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DE RESULTADOS HEMATOLÓGICOS DE PACIENTES COM CÂNCER COLORRETAL TRATADOS COM OXALIPLATINA E IRINOTECANO
Authors: Da Silva Bianca Lima , Roversi Fernanda Marconi , Machado Daisy
Published: October 2023

Câncer colorretal é uma importante causa de mortalidade atualmente e um dos mais frequentes em ambos os sexos. Seu desenvolvimento pode ser evitado pela redução da exposição aos fatores de risco como o alcoolismo, dieta rica em gorduras, práticas sexuais sem segurança, sedentarismo, tabagismo, entre outros. Este estudo tem como objetivo delinear um perfil hematológico para os pacientes com câncer colorretal submetidos a quimioterapia com oxaliplatina e irinotecano. A pesquisa foi realizada por meio de análise de prontuário dos pacientes em tratamento de câncer colorretal em um hospital de Bragança Paulista. Os resultados apontam que a maioria dos pacientes é do sexo masculino e de idade entre 50 e 70 anos. As informações, mais notáveis, a respeito do hemograma encontradas foram que 76,5% dos pacientes têm redução no número de hemácias, 58,8% de hemoglobina e 52,9% do hematócrito. Além disto, 33,3% dos pacientes apresentaram aumento de neutrófilos, 47,8% de RDW, 12,5% de plaquetas. A partir dos resultados, observou-se alterações dos elementos sanguíneos resultantes do tratamento quimioterápico, na maioria dos pacientes, e essas alterações podem influenciar na qualidade de vida dos mesmos, trazendo consequências como infecções secundárias, doenças cardiovasculares, hipóxia, cansaço fácil, fraqueza, mal-estar, cefaleia, entre outras. A partir dos dados obtidos busca-se auxiliar na escolha de um tratamento mais adequado e um tempo menor de tratamento, visando reduzir os efeitos causados pela quimioterapia para proporcionar uma melhora na qualidade de vida.
Das phäakische Therapieschiff
Authors: Lukits Gerhard
Published: October 2023

Im vorliegenden Artikel stellt der Autor eine lange Gesprächsreihe zwischen Odysseus und dem märchenhaften Phäakenkönig Alkinoos (aus der homerischen Odyssee) als Prototyp einer therapeutisch-heilsamen Kommunikation vor. Er untersucht, inwiefern die Haltung, die Alkinoos dabei an den Tag legt, einer personzentrierten – oder auch einfach humanen – Haltung von bedingungsfreier Wertschätzung, Empathie und Kongruenz entspricht. Erfüllt der Gesprächsprozess die „notwendigen und hinreichenden Bedingungen“ von Rogers? Für den Autor stellt sich heraus, dass dies vollständig der Fall ist. Daher entwickle sich Odysseus von einem der Logik des Krieges verfallenen Mann zu einem Mann, der sich selbst und damit auch seine humanen Qualitäten entdeckt hat – und so bereit ist für sein Königtum.
Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Ekstrak Metanol Daun Nipah (Nypa fruticans) sebagai Agen Antibakteri
Authors: Az-Zhahra Fatimah , Naspiah Nisa , Febrina Lizma , Rusli Rolan
Published: October 2023

Nanopartikel adalah suatu bentuk inovasi penghantaran obat menggunakan metode pereduksi biologi (bioreduktor).  Perak merupakan suatu agen antibakteri saat keadaan nano yang memiliki aktivitas lebih baik dibanding bentuk bulknya. Daun nipah (Nypa fruticans) merupakan suatu agen bioreduktor digunakan untuk mereduksi perak menjadi nanopartikel perak (ukuran 60-80 nm). Hasil pengujian antibakteri terhadap bakteri Eschericia coli 10,504 mm dan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus 9,393 mm.
Aspek Genetik Kanker Kolorektal
Authors: Rompis Andreliano Yosua , Ni Nyoman Ayu Dewi
Published: October 2023

Kanker kolorektal merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia. Perkembangan kanker kolorektal memerlukan waktu panjang dan berkaitan dengan faktor lingkungan, genetik dan epigenetik. Patogenesis kanker kolorektal melibatkan tiga jalur yang seringkali tumpang tindih yaitu chromosomal instability (CIN), microsatellite instability (MSI) dan CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP). Dalam tulisan ini dibahas mengenai kanker kolorektal herediter dan sporadik serta aspek genetiknya. Pemahaman mengenai aspek genetik kanker kolorektal sangat berperan dalam manajemen penyakit ini.
Moluskisida Kombinasi Mikroenkapsulasi Daun Kacang Babi, Daun Serai Wangi, dan Kitosan sebagai Pembasmi Keong Mas pada Tanaman Padi
Authors: Kusumaningtyas Valentina Adimurti , Amisa Devitri , Sujono Hernandi , Budiman Senadi , Sukrido Sukrido , Yuliana Trisna , Melina Melina , Syah Yana Maolana , Juliawaty Lia Dewi , Setiawati Tia , Rosdiana Endang
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this research, acombination biopesticide, a combination biopesticide from Tephrosia vogelii leaves and Cymbopogon nardus leaves has been made as an exterminator of golden snail in rice plants. The golden snail is one of the plant pest organism in rice plants which are capable of damaging plant in a short time. This study aim to determine the efficacy of a combination biopesticide of a mixture of T. vogelii leaves extract, C nardus leaves and kitosan as golden snail pest exterminators in rice plants. Three types of variance were used, namely formula I (1:1:1), II (1:2:1) and III (2:1:1) from the mixture of T. vogelii leaves extract, C nardus leaves powder and chitosan. From the test results obtained the fastest inial death time were formulation I (24.49 hours), LC50 of 10,60 g/kg which mildly toxic, 100 % daily mortaly in formulation III (day 5) and the fastest efficacy in formulation III were 38.89 % (day 2).

Keywords : Golden snail, combinations biopesticide, Tephrosia vogelii, cymbopogon nardus and chitosan

 

Abstrak

Pada penelitian ini telah dilakukan pembuatan biopestisida kombinasi dari daun kacang babi, daun serai wangi dan kitosan sebagai pembasmi keong mas pada tanaman padi. Keong mas merupakan salah satu organisme pengganggu tumbuhan pada tanaman padi yang mampu merusak tanaman dalam waktu cepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efikasi biopestisida kombinasi dari campuran ekstrak daun kacang babi, daun serai wangi dan kitosan sebagai pembasmi hama keong mas pada tanaman padi. Digunakan tiga jenis variansi yaitu formula I (1:1:1), II (1:2:1) dan III (2:1:1) dari campuran ekstrak  daun kacang babi , serbuk daun serai wangi dan kitosan. Dari hasil pengujian diperoleh waktu awal kematian tercepat yaitu formula I (24,49 jam), LC50 sebesar 10,60 g/kg yang bersifat tosik ringan, mortalitas harian 100 % pada formula III (hari ke-5) dan rfikasi tercepat pada formula III yaitu 38,89 %(hari ke-2).

Kata kunci : Keong mas, biopestisida kombinasi, kacang babi, serai wangi dan kitosan
Educación Popular en Chile (2011-2021)
Authors: Cabezas Bravo Diego Alejandro
Published: October 2023

Las revoluciones, o la idea de la revolución, nunca ha sido y nunca será motor de la institución escuela, y pensarlo sería ingenuo. Aún teniendo esto claro, tenemos que afirmar fehacientemente que la escuela es una institución contradictoria, en conflicto y un campo de disputa constante, pero la educación en general lo es mucho mas, mucho mas conflictiva y mucho mas contradictoria. Las articulaciones y experiencias de Educación Popular que se han desarrollado en Chile desde el 2011 hasta el 2021 han ido en dirección de creación de horizontes comunes, mas allá del modelo hegemónico de educación, hacia la edificación de una educación con sentido propio, e incluso de soberanía educativa. Entonces, realizamos dos acciones centrales, uno, relevar la importancia histórica, investigativa y política de las articulaciones y entrelazados de espacios de Educación Popular que van en dirección de creación de horizontes comunes de un proyecto educativo contrahegemónico; y segundo, conectar sus acciones y subjetividades subyacentes que evidenciarían esbozos de soberanía educativa. Esto sería, entonces, el ejercicio de poder colectivo en camino de pensar y construir procesos educativos propios desde la autonomía colectiva, levantado desde las experiencias y sus articulaciones, pero para el conjunto de la sociedad, basado en la autogestión de las formas de producción de saberes y su distribución.
La obra de un pedagogo social
Authors: Medina Borges Rosa María
Published: October 2023

Siendo muy joven José Martí sufre prisión. No obstante ser hijo de españoles, ya soñaba a Cuba como patria independiente. El presente artículo aborda su terrible vivencia, que publicara bajo el título: El Presidio Político en Cuba. Constituye una invitación a la opinión pública española de la época a conocer que sucedía en Cuba, a sentir empatía por los seres humanos que sufrían. Era su interés develar todos los aspectos del crimen, para que fuera el pueblo español un agente más de lucha contra semejante injusticia. La obra marca su maduración ideológica y política en ascenso. Analiza la realidad con un lenguaje metafórico extremadamente complejo y diverso en géneros literarios.  Realizamos una revisión de bibliografías que abordan los aspectos relacionados con el enfoque histórico y literario del mencionado trabajo martiano. Ninguno integra todos esos elementos con las patologías médicas de los presos que lo acompañaron durante su condena. Se utilizó como metodología el análisis literario de los textos para develar la postura pedagógica martiana, que perseguía el logro del compromiso social y humano del pueblo español hacia el pueblo cubano, poseedor de los mismos derechos de justicia que enarbolaban los republicanos ibéricos
Luis Buñuel y Las Hurdes. Un ensayo de provocativas geografías humanas.
Authors: Navarro Fuentes Carlos
Published: October 2023

El trabajo desarrolla una reflexión sobre el documental de Luis Buñuel (1900-1983) intitulado Las Hurdes (1933), filmado en la comunidad que lleva el mismo nombre. Los objetivos del ensayo consisten en mostrar cuáles fueron las motivaciones ideológicas, estéticas, políticas y éticas que llevaron al director español a filmar este documental, dando cuenta del contexto histórico que vivía España, a tan solo tres años de que diera inicio la guerra civil (1936) que culminaría con la entronización de Franco en el poder en 1939, bajo un régimen fascista, caracterizado por la persecución, la censura, la intolerancia, el exilio y el crimen de estado. Para ello, se revisarán fuentes históricas de carácter propiamente historiográfico, cinematográfico, periodístico y literario. Se muestran a través de quienes fueron sus colaboradores más cercanos, estudiosos de su obra, el cine español y la historia de la cinematografía mundial, y su libro de carácter autobiográfico Mi último suspiro (1982), las vicisitudes que tuvo que enfrentar y sortear para filmar este documental (entre el 23 de abril y el 22 de mayo de 1933), y como fue recibido dentro y fuera de España en aquellos tiempos convulsos en que Europa era disputada por el fascismo, el sovietismo y el anarquismo republicano, en fuentes más cercanas a nuestra época, sobre todo de índole periodística e histórica sobre el séptimo arte.
Rosa, romero y el alelí: cosmovisiones presentes en el Canto a lo Poeta
Authors: Caro Cuevas Francisca
Published: October 2023

El Canto a lo Poeta es una de las expresiones musicales que mantiene un latente vínculo con la cosmovisión campesina y las creencias religiosas que predominan en el Chile central. En la investigación realizada, se exploraron las interrelaciones entre el contenido musical de este género y la visión de mundo de la población campesina-mestiza de la zona central del país, profundizando en el vínculo existente entre las creencias y connotacione s mágicas que se elaboran en torno a latextualidad musical del Canto a lo Poeta.
Sistemas de género y la división social del trabajo en la comunidad Aymara translocalizada del norte chileno
Authors: Gavilán Vivian
Published: October 2023

PSe presentan los resultados de un estudio sobre el devenir de la división del trabajo marcado por el género en Isluga y Cariquima, dos comunidades aymaras del altiplano del norte de Chile. Para observar estas dinámicas se consideraron datos etnográficos acopiados a fines del siglo XX e inicios del XXI. Desde un marco teórico que sitúa al binarismo de género, como arbitrariedad cultural, en el centro de las estructuras de poder y como eje de la organización social y económica de la comunidad, se plantea que la unidad doméstica y la comunidad aymara se sostienen en la pareja conyugal. El sistema matrimonial posiciona a las mujeres y a lo femenino como agentes principales de la reproducción de la unidad doméstica y otorga a los hombres y a lo masculino el control del trabajo y sus beneficios. Si bien los cambios que implican los procesos de descampesinización, desagrarización y urbanización de la comunidad requieren de investigaciones actualizadas, los resultados permiten plantear que la unidad chacha-warmi (esposo-esposa) se mantiene como institución regulada por un régimen de género que lleva a las mujeres a centrar sus vidas en torno al trabajo como proveedoras de bienestar material y de los cuidados en la comunidad translocalizada
“Teníamos todas las posibilidades de ser lo que nosotros quisiéramos”: trayectorias y experiencias políticas de algunos integrantes del consejo Pu Werken Lof Budi
Authors: Caniunir Victor , Bizama Marco , Díaz Crovetto Gonzalo
Published: October 2023

En este texto exploramos y problematizamos parte de las experiencias políticas de algunas personas que integraron el Consejo Pu Werken Lof Budi a partir de un estudio etnográfico que consideró el trabajo con historias de vida temáticas. Este Consejo se constituyó como organización colectiva capaz de articular un discurso y una forma característica de hacer política en el territorio del Budi, región de la Araucanía, Chile. Nos interesa poner en relieve las experiencias políticas de aquellos que lo conformaron en la medida que estos relatos pueden hacer ver las relaciones que se tejen entre territorios locales, nacionales y transnacionales en torno a la agencia de las políticas públicas vinculadas a modelos de desarrollo anclados en una lógica multiculturalista neoliberal. Ello nos permiten comprender cómo los actores viven el impacto de las políticas públicas nacionales bajo el alero de marcos transnacionales y cómo se posicionan como sujetos con proyectos políticos propios, ensamblando estrategias a partir de nuevas configuraciones políticas.
Agua e higiene urbana. La gestión de acequias y epidemias en Santiago de Chile (1880-1910)
Authors: Elgueda Labra Guillermo , Castillo Castillo Sebastián
Published: October 2023

Este artículo estudia la relación entre acequias, higiene urbana y epidemias que afectaron a la Provincia de Santiago a fines del siglo XIX e inicios del XX. Caracteriza las condiciones y modos de vida de vida de sus habitantes, analiza los factores que impactaron en la higiene de las acequias y examina gestión del agua en un sentido amplio. También considera la reacción del Estado chileno y la sociedad santiaguina frente al riesgo de contagio de cólera y fiebre bubónica. Las fuentes que sostienen este trabajo emanan de la Intendencia de Santiago, testimonios de profesionales y prensa de la época.
Research on Fuel-Saving and Environmentally Friendly Approach Trajectory Considering Air Traffic Management Intention
Authors: Jie Yuan , Yang Pei , Yuxue Ge
Published: October 2023

Civilian aviation continues to contribute significantly to the total economic and environmental impact of aeronautics. Reduction of the fuel burn and environmental impact of civilian aviation is critical to the overall sustainability of the industry, and it can be accomplished, in part, through the optimization of arrival and approach procedures. This paper proposes the development of a method for measuring the degree of compliance of optimized approach trajectories with air traffic management (ATM) intentions, using an intention compliance level (ICL) indicator. Based on fuzzy logic, this measure reflects the extent to which approach trajectories satisfy the required time-of-arrival constraints. This research demonstrates an approach trajectory strategy that maximizes the ICL, maintains compliance with ATM intent, and achieves efficiency goals inclusive of reduced fuel consumption through selective airspeed changes. Simulations on the Airbus A320 indicate that achieving the optimal trajectory and flight parameters can significantly guide trajectory-based operations to minimize airline economic costs and reduce environmental impact while complying with ATM commands. In this paper we will organize the data as follows. The Introduction will summarize past research as a means of identifying the gaps that this research seeks to bridge and introduce the premise of our findings. Section  II proposes the concept of ICL to evaluate the relationship between flight time and the required time of arrival and establishes an en-route descent trajectory model. Section  III constructs the optimization strategy based on simulated annealing genetic algorithm (SAGA), evaluates the effectiveness of the algorithm, and verifies the contributions of the ICL in a basic scenario. Section  IV analyzes the impacts of various factors on the optimization results in a complex scenario.
Atypical presentation of chronic myeloid leukemia with e13a2 BCR-ABL1 fusion transcript in a young male
Authors: Raval Darshankumar Manubhai , Rathod Vaishnavi Mahendrasinh , Modi Naisargi Shrikant , Solanki Heema Rajendra
Published: October 2023

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is usually a disease of the elderly population characterized by a clonal hematopoietic progenitor cell disorder propelled by the product of the breakpoint cluster region-Abelson murine leukemia (BCR-ABL) chimeric gene, known as the Philadelphia chromosome. It occurs due to a balanced reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 9 and 22, which codes for tyrosine kinase. The incidence of CML increases with age, and the median age of diagnosis in Western countries is 64 years. The most common finding at presentation is abdominal pain due to splenomegaly which is present in about half of the patients. We present a rare case of CML in the chronic phase where a young 23-year-old male presented with complaints of severe bilateral lower limb bone pain restricting mobility at the hip joint for 1 year. The upper end of the femur showed heterogeneous areas of bone infarct on the technetium 99 m-methylene diphosphonate bone scan. He was treated with imatinib mesylate, and he entered remission within 5 months of starting therapy. This case highlights the atypical presentation of the chronic phase of CML with the e13a2 BCR-ABL fusion transcript in a young patient and the complete recovery achieved with standard therapy.
Yer Bilimlerinde Modellemeye Genel Bir Bakış; Çevre Jeofiziği Uygulamalarından Çıkarımlar
Authors: ŞENGÜL ULUOCAK Ebru , ULUGERGERLİ Emin
Published: October 2023

Yer bilimleri ile ilgili bir araştırmada, jeolojik veya mühendislik problemlerini incelerken, modelleme çalışmaları iki aşamalı olarak işlev görmektedir; i) arazi çalışmasından önce ölçüm parametrelerinin elde edilmesi (kavramsal model) ve ii) arazi çalışmasından sonra, kavramsal model yardımıyla tahmini yeraltı modelinin doğruluğunun kontrol edilmesi. Sayısal modelleme süreci her iki aşamada da tek başına yeterli olmamakla birlikte, disiplinler arası çalışmalardan elde edilen ek bilgilerle sayısal modellerin gerçekçi bir yeraltı yapısına yakınsaması mümkündür.

Bu makalede yerbilimlerinde kullanılan modelleme çalışmaları ile ilgili bir iş akışı tanımlanmıştır ve Çanakkale (Türkiye) eski düzensiz katı atık depolama alanında gerçekleştirilen bir çevre kirliliği araştırması bu iş akışı takip edilerek sunulmuştur. Buna göre, kavramsal bir modele göre belirlenen doğrultularda elektrik özdirenç yöntemi ile tomografi ölçüleri alınmış, çalışma alanın yeraltı özdirenç yapısından gözeneklilik kesiti elde edilerek, varsayımsal iki boyutlu (2B) sayısal birleşik kirlilik iletim modeli üretilmiştir. Sonuçlar, jeofizik ölçümlerin yapıldığı yıllar (2004, 2008 ve 2009) ve sayısal modelleme zamanı (13,6 yıl) boyunca depolama sahasından kaynaklanan kirliliğin mekânsal ve zamansal değişimini göstermektedir. Ayrıca, sayısal modelleme sonuçları, olası araştırma profilinin uzunluğu ve derinliği ile (sırasıyla, ~40-250 m ve 0-25 m), ileride bu bölgede yapılabilecek kirlilik çalışmaları için kavramsal bir model sunmaktadır. Sonuçlar, açık atık depolama alanı gibi kirletici bir kaynaktan yayılan kirlilik bulutunun uzamsal ve zamansal yayılımına duyarlı sayısal modeller ve jeofizik çalışmaların birlikte değerlendirilmesinin önemini göstermektedir.
Research of theh issues of teaching the russian language in Turkey
Authors: Bak H.
Published: October 2023

The article deals with the topical issues of teaching Russian as a foreign language in state higher educational institutions of Turkey. The relevance of this study is due to the lack of a detailed description of an integrated approach that would determine the objective patterns of teaching and learning a language. Russian as a Foreign language teaching in Turkey is analyzed in detail in the article, as well as the accumulated experience in the methodology of teaching Russian as a foreign language in Russia and the People’s Republic of China is presented. The article examines the current situation on the application of an integrated approach in teaching Russian as a foreign language, presents innovative approaches of various authors on the subject, as well as some practical recommendations for Turkish citizens studying Russian. The author substantiates the further need for further creation of textbooks and teaching aids that will take into account the principles of an integrated approach to teaching aspects of language and types of speech activity necessary for high-quality teaching of Russian as a foreign language, as a specialty language, the communicative orientation of teaching, the possibility of individualization of the educational process. The prospects of the study consist in developing a practical approach to solving the above-mentioned problems that are relevant at the moment and introducing it into the educational space of Turkey.
ALMANDINE PENDANTS OF THE SECOND HALF OF THE 18th CENTURY FROM THE TVER EXCAVATIONS AS AN OBJECT OF COMPREHENSIVE SCIENTIFIC STUDY
Authors: Окулов А.В. , Кунгурцева С.А.
Published: October 2023

В 2014 году экспедицией ООО «ТНИИР-центр» в ходе проведения археологических исследований на территории Загородского посада Твери был обнаружен клад серебряных украшений, в составе которого находились серебряные серьги с бусинами-пронизками из альмандина и аметиста. Клад относится к достаточно позднему с точки зрения археологии времени – втор. пол. XVIII в. Однако некоторые артефакты из состава клада имеют весьма тесную взаимосвязь с многочисленными находками необработанного альмандина, датируемыми XVI– XVII вв. Кристаллы альмандина, их фрагменты и мелкие осколки, а также обломки бусин и заготовки из этого камня в последнее время все чаще стали фиксироваться при раскопках в таких городах, как Москва, Тверь, Великий Новгород и др. Для необработанного альмандина в ходе ранее выполненных исследований было установлено происхождение из Кительского месторождения в Северном Приладожье. Проведенные авторами исследования показали, что альмандин бусин-пронизок клада аналогичного происхождения. Помимо этого, публикуются полученные данные по составу и микротекстурным особенностям серебра, из которого выполнены серьги.

In 2014 the excavations carried out by the TNIIR-center expedition in Zagorodsky posad in Tver discovered a hoard of silver jewelry that included silver pendants with tubular beads made of almandine garnet and amethyst. The hoard is dated to the second half of the 18th century which is a rather late period archaeologically. However, some artifacts from the hoard have a rather close relationship with numerous finds of unworked almandine garnet which date to an earlier period of the 16th–17th centuries. Recently, crystals of almandine garnet, its fragments and tiny chips as well as broken beads and blank parts made of this gemstone have been documented more frequently during excavations in such cities as Moscow, Tver, Veliky Novgorod and others. The earlier studies found that the unworked almandine garnet came from the Kitel deposit in the northern Ladoga region. The studies performed by the authors show that the almandine of the tubular beads has the same source. The data on the composition and the microtexture characteristics of the silver used to make the pendants were obtained as well.
THE PIT FROM THE LATE ARCHAIC PERIOD IN THE «UPPER CITY» OF PHANAGORIA (MATERIALS FOR DATING THE EARLIEST BUILDING ACTIVITY)
Authors: Завойкин А.А. , Чашук М.С.
Published: October 2023

В 2021–2022 гг. на «Верхнем городе» Фанагории были исследованы остатки двух древнейших домовладений, вписанных в уличную сеть. Стены этих построек были сложены из сырцового кирпича. Одни части кладок стен лежали непосредственно на материковом песке, другие – на тонком предматериковом слое (серая глина/песок). К этому слою относится несколько хозяйственных ям, перекрытых стенами и полами наиболее ранних построек. В статье рассмотрены находки из засыпи одной из них (№ 902) как наиболее показательные в хронологическом отношении. Датировка этих материалов определяет terminus post quem (540–535/530 гг. до н. э.) для регулярной застройки данного района города, что не противоречит ранее сформулированному тезису, согласно которому возведение построек из сырцового кирпича в Фанагории началось практически сразу после основания этой колонии.

In 2021–2022 remains of two houses with city-plots around them that fitted into the street network were excavated in the «Upper City» of Phanagoria. The walls of these houses were constructed of mudbricks. Some sections of the blockwork rested right on the sandy subsoil, while other sections were built on a thin pre-subsoil layer formed of gray clay/sand. Several household pits overlaid by walls and floors of the early dwellings are related to this layer. The paper examines the finds from the infill of one of the pit (No. 902) as the most illustrative chronologically. The dating of these materials determines terminus post quem (540–535/30 BC) for development of this urban district based on a regular city plan. This is consistent with the earlier suggested statement that construction work with the use ofmudbricks in Phanagoria began just after this colony was founded.
Minimal coarse-grained models of polar solvent for electrolytes: Stockmayer versus dumbbell
Authors: Liu Xinqiang , Kong Xian
Published: October 2023

This study explores the potential of the dumbbell solvent as a minimal model for understanding electrolyte behavior in polar solvents, in contrast to the widely-used Stockmayer model. The distinguishing feature of the dumbbell model lies in its straightforward capture of the coupling between molecular orientation and dipole rotation. Our investigation involves a comparative analysis of the dumbbell and Stockmayer solvent models, focusing on ion solvation and ion-ion correlations. We examine electrolytes containing symmetric monovalent salts dissolved in polar solvents while varying ion density and solvent polarity. Both models predict an augmented solvent coordination number around ions as solvent polarity increases, with the dumbbell solvent displaying a more pronounced effect. Notably, radial distribution functions (RDFs) between solvent and ions yield differing trends; Stockmayer models exhibit a non-monotonic relationship due to strong dipole-dipole interactions at higher polarity, while RDFs for ions and dumbbell solvents consistently rise. In response to increased solvent polarity, Stockmayer solvents within the ion's solvation shell undergo continuous dipole orientation shifts, whereas the dumbbell solvent predominantly adopts pointing-away dipole orientations, diminishing pointing-to orientations. This underscores the significance of the interplay between solvent molecular orientation and dipole rotation. Under non-polar conditions, the Stockmayer solvent model inadequately replicates ion-ion correlations of electrolytes based on hard-sphere solvent, attributed to potential numerical issues in electrostatic energy calculations. Conversely, the dumbbell solvent model effectively reproduces these correlations, underscoring its utility. Moreover, it reasonably predicts ion pairing and clustering behaviors across varying solvent dipole strengths and salt concentrations. This study underscores the effectiveness of the dumbbell solvent model in systematically elucidating the fundamental principles governing electrolytes, offering potential applications in the rational design of electrolyte systems in the future.
Structural control of plasmon resonance in molecularly linked metal oxide nanocrystal gel assemblies
Authors: Kang Jiho , Sherman Zachary M. , Conrad Diana L. , Crory Hannah S. N. , Dominguez Manuel N. , Valenzuela Stephanie A. , Anslyn Eric V. , Truskett Thomas M. , Milliron Delia J.
Published: October 2023

Nanocrystal gels exhibit collective optical phenomena based on interactions between their constituent building blocks. However, their inherently disordered structures have made it challenging to understand, predict, or design properties like optical absorption spectra that are sensitive to the coupling between the plasmon resonances of the individual nanocrystals. Here, we bring indium tin oxide nanocrystal gels under chemical control and show that their infrared absorption can be predicted and systematically tuned by selecting the nanocrystal sizes and compositions, and molecular structures of the link-mediating surface ligands. Thermoreversible assemblies with metal-terpyridine links form reproducible gel architectures, enabling us to derive a plasmon ruler that governs the spectral shifts upon gelation predicated on the nanocrystal and ligand compositions. This empirical guide is validated using large-scale, many-bodied simulations to compute the optical spectra of gels with varied structural parameters. Based on the derived plasmon ruler, we design and demonstrate a nanocrystal mixture whose spectrum exhibits distinctive line narrowing upon assembly.
Making sense of chaos: uncovering the mechanisms of conformational entropy
Authors: Wankowicz Stephanie , Fraser James
Published: October 2023

By converting a disordered polymer into a globular structure, protein folding reduces many conformational degrees of freedom, resulting in a significant conformational entropy penalty. Nonetheless, residual entropy persists in the protein's native state as it fluctuates between thermally accessible conformations. Here, we review biophysical evidence, primarily from NMR studies, for how conformational entropy modulates the free energy of ligand binding and catalysis. The major theme that emerges is that selection based on free energy has converged on mechanisms to mitigate the effects of entropy loss during crucial functions like binding or catalysis. The modulation of conformational entropy occurs primarily via two main mechanisms: pre-paying entropic costs through ordering in the ground state and spatial compensation through increases in conformational entropy in distal regions after binding. In examining these mechanisms, it also becomes clear that conformational entropy is highly intertwined with classic definitions of conformational changes. We argue that given the ample evidence of the biological significance of conformational entropy, structurally defining the ensembles encoding conformational entropy will open new paths for control of binding, catalysis, and allostery.
Thermodynamic and kinetic selection in evolving chemical mixtures
Authors: Capera-Aragones Pau , Matange Kavita , Rajaei Vahab , Williams Loren Dean , Frenkel Pinter Moran
Published: October 2023

Complex or even relatively simple mixtures undergoing chemical transformations tend to combinatorically explode, i.e., a large number of different chemical species arise due to the large number of ways to combine them. The rise of chemical selectivity was one of the most important steps towards life and its emergence presents one of the most challenging questions in the origins of life research. Nevertheless, recent empirical work has shown that under some conditions, combinatorial compression, i.e., a reduced number of species compared to that expected by combinatorics, is observed. The mechanisms underlying the observed compression in the chemical space are yet to be elucidated. In this paper we combined thermodynamic and kinetic theory together with computer simulations to track the evolution of species (i.e., changes in concentrations) under a wide range of parameter scenarios. We have studied and defined a set of rules that are required for compression: (i) chemical connectivity, (ii) thermodynamic or kinetic dominance, (iii) continuous feeding of the ‘compressor’, and (iv) appropriate temperature or reaction time. Our results shed new light on the way in which chemical evolution operates at the very fundamental level and can guide future experiments of chemical evolution towards generation of chemical spaces that can potentially self-maintain high reactivity and open-ended evolution.
Coarse-Grained Model-Assisted Design of Optimized Polymer Prodrug Nanoparticles: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study
Authors: Gao Ping , Ha-Duong Tâp , Nicolas Julien
Published: October 2023

To achieve efficient drug release from polymer prodrug nanoparticles, the drug-polymer linker must be accessible for cleavage to release the drug, which can occur under certain physiological conditions (e.g., presence of specific enzymes). Supramolecular organization of polymer prodrug nanoparticles is crucial as it greatly affects the location of the linker, its surface exposure/solvation and thus its cleavage to release the drug. Since experimental access to this data is not straightforward, a new methodology is critically needed to access this information and to accelerate the development of more effective polymer prodrug nanoparticles, and replace the time-consuming and resource-intensive traditional trial-and-error strategy. In this context, we developed a coarse-grained model-assisted design of optimized polymer prodrug nanoparticles. By choosing the solvent accessible surface area as the critical parameter for predicting drug release and hence cytotoxicity of polymer prodrug nanoparticles, we developed an optimized polymer-drug linker with enhanced hydrophilicity and solvation. Our hypothesis was then experimentally validated by the synthesis of the corresponding polymer prodrugs based on two different drugs (gemcitabine and paclitaxel), which demonstrated greater performances in terms of drug release and cytotoxicity on two cancer cell lines. Interestingly, our methodology can be easily applied to other polymer prodrug structures, which would contribute to the development of more efficient drug delivery systems.
Investigating EFL university teachers’ classroom management competency
Authors: Muhammed Karwan , Ahmed Hussein
Published: October 2023

The current paper aims to investigate university EFL teachers’ classroom management competency. Classroom management is essential for establishing an atmosphere favorable to learning as it comprises the techniques and processes handled by teachers to create an atmosphere that encourages both teaching and learning. The paper focuses on three aspects of classroom management competency, namely establishing rapport with students, managing time, and controlling the class. To bring about the set aims, a 15-item Likert scale questionnaire was administered to a sample of 37 EFL university teachers at the Department of English Language at the University of Zakho, Nawroz University, and University of Duhok during the academic year 2021-2022.  The collected data were analyzed using the one-sample t-test on SPSS software.  The findings demonstrated that teachers were competent in establishing rapport with students and possessed the competency to manage time effectively and control the class successfully. It is expected that such findings would make EFL teachers insightful to cope and catch up with modern professional teaching competencies.
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia associated with HPV infection: clinical, diagnostic, therapeutic and prophylactic aspects: A review
Authors: Mheryan Anna N. , Nazarova Niso M. , Prilepskaya Vera N.
Published: October 2023

The analytical review presents data from the world literature, which discusses the relevance of vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia associated with human papillomavirus (uVIN). The incidence of uVIN is steadily increasing, especially in young women, and 1011.2% of cases can progress to vulvar carcinoma. More than 50% of uVIN cases are associated with anogenital diseases associated with the human papillomavirus, which determines the need for a comprehensive assessment and proper treatment of uVIN patients.
In vitro maturation for fertility preservation in patients with cancer: A review
Authors: Dobrokhotova Yulia E. , Lapina Irina A. , Malakhova Anastasiya A. , Chirvon Tatiana G. , Taranov Vladislav V. , Sorokin Yury А. , Tverdikova Maria А. , Gomzikova Valeriia M. , Zateeva Anastasia A. , Kaikova Olesya V.
Published: October 2023

According to the World Health Organization, the number of patients of reproductive age with cancer steadily increases. Therefore, improving their quality of life is one of the priority tasks of the medical community. It is known that more than 30% of women with cancer at the time of diagnosis have not yet given birth. Therefore, one of the relevant issues is developing and improving methods for preserving reproductive function. In vitro oocyte maturation is a promising technique of oncofertility, which is used as an alternative to traditional cycles of ovulation stimulation followed by the production of mature oocytes. This review aims to study the in vitro maturation procedure and analyze the literature data regarding its effectiveness and safety when used as a part of programs for preserving reproductive material in patients with cancer.
Management of patients with vulvovaginal atrophy and cytological abnormalities
Authors: Nazarova Niso M. , Prilepskaya Vera N. , Mgeryan Anna N. , Dovletkhanova Elmira R. , Abakarova Patimat R. , Mezhevitinova Elena A.
Published: October 2023

The data on managing patients with vulvovaginal atrophy and abnormal cytological results are provided for obstetrician-gynecologists.
Electronic smoking devices: a dangerous hobby for children and adolescents. A review
Authors: Pshenichnikova Irina I. , Komarov Aleksey V. , Pshenichnikova Arina D. , Zakharova Irina N.
Published: October 2023

The bandwagon for electronic smoking devices among children and adolescents is currently epidemic-like. This is due to the misconception supported by manufacturers about the alleged safety of e-cigarettes and vapes compared to tobacco smoking. However, to date, it has been established that the use of electronic smoking devices, on the contrary, leads to an increase in nicotine dependence, increases the risk of smoking, and double consumption. The long-term health effects of inhaled aerosol from electronic smoking devices have not been thoroughly studied. However, studies showed its cytotoxic and immunosuppressive effects, the ability to drive inflammation and oxidative stress, impair mucociliary clearance, alter airway reactivity, cause DNA damage, and hamper its repair. The association between the use of electronic smoking devices and asthma has been shown. The potential adverse health effects of e-cigarettes need to be carefully studied, especially in children and adolescents.
Dysanapsis and its role in the occurrence of chronic obstructive respiratory diseases in children and adults: A review
Authors: Khramova Regina N. , Eliseeva Tatyana I. , Tush Elena V. , Karpenko Maxim A. , Ovsyannikov Dmitriy Yu.
Published: October 2023

The literature review, written on the basis of world literature data and the results of the authors' own research, is devoted to an important pathogenetic mechanism of development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases in children and adults dysanapsis, which is understood as a mismatch in the size or growth of the airways to the volume or growth of the lung parenchyma, while the diameter of the airways is disproportionately smaller than the volume of the lung parenchyma. Modern methods of diagnosis of dysanapsis are based on the use of computed tomography of the chest organs, spirometry (accounting for the volume of forced exhalation in 1 second, forced vital capacity of the lungs, calculation of the coefficient of dysanapsis). Dysanapsis, which has genetic and age-dependent mechanisms of formation, makes an important contribution to the development of bronchial hyperreactivity and bronchial asthma, especially in combination with overweight and obesity, determining the uncontrolled course of asthma. The phenomenon of dysanapsis can be explained by the clinical and functional indicators of the respiratory system (hypoxemia, bronchial obstruction) in premature infants, including patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia, patients with postinfectious obliterating bronchiolitis. In addition, imbalance is an important pathogenetic component of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, causing the defeat of patients with this disease, regardless of the presence and length of smoking.
Hyperthermia in children: from etiology to pathogenetic therapies. A review
Authors: Bryksina Evgenia Yu. , Letifov Gadzhi M.
Published: October 2023

Fever is the most common symptom of most infectious diseases and, to a moderate extent, has a protective-compensatory effect with increased blood bactericidality and activation of immune mechanisms. A pathological variant of fever, in which there is a rapid and inadequate increase in body temperature, accompanied by microcirculation disorder, metabolic disorders, increasing dysfunction of vital organs and systems, in particular, the damage to the central nervous system is hyperthermic syndrome, which requires active antipyretic and symptomatic therapy. Polysystemic dysfunctions associated with hyperthermia and the course of the infectious process can change the metabolic status of antipyretic drugs and sensitivity to their action, which can increase the frequency and severity of side effects, including the development of hypothermia and/or a sharp decrease in body temperature. This will be prevented by a pathegenetic approach to the correction of hyperthermia using antipyretic drugs, the action of which is based on the stimulation of natural, endogenous anti-inflammatory and antipyretic mechanisms.
Therapeutic efficacy of an interferon inducer in the treatment and prophylaxis of acute respiratory viral infections in childhood: A review
Authors: Mizernitskiy Yury L. , Dorovskaya Nelly L. , Melnikova Irina M.
Published: October 2023

The high incidence of acute respiratory viral infections (ARVI), including influenza, warrants the need for effective and safe methods of ARVI treatment and prevention. Due to the limited options for specific prevention of highly pathogenic and highly virulent viral infections (influenza, SARS-CoV-2), the non-specific prevention and complex therapy of influenza and other ARVI are relevant. Immunostimulating agents with a dual mechanism of action, including endogenous interferon (IFN) inducers, have both antiviral and immunocorrective effects. A detailed review of recent literature on the prophylactic and therapeutic efficacy of the IFN inducer Kagocel is presented, as well as the authors' own experience. A significant evidence pool allows the use of the drug to treat and prevent acute respiratory viral infections and influenza in children from 3 years of age.
Gluten related disorders: a review of the literature
Authors: Kamilova Altinoy N. , Azimova Noiba D. , Zakharova Irina N.
Published: October 2023

Gluten-related disorders have become an epidemiologically significant phenomenon, with an estimated prevalence of about 5% worldwide. The current classification of gluten-related disorders is based mainly on their pathophysiology, and the following categories can be distinguished: Immune-mediated disorders, which include celiac disease, allergic reactions, such as wheat allerg, and non-celiac gluten sensitivity, a condition characterized by both gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms, which has recently gained popularity. Diagnostic errors in gluten-associated diseases are still a pressing clinical problem. Based on the literature, we propose a practical methodological approach to guide clinicians on how to recognize them and avoid errors. The first part of the review presents literature data on the history, causal factors in the development of gluten-related diseases, and autoimmune gluten intolerance celiac disease.
Health Policy Analysis - An Introduction
Authors:   Maastricht University, Maarse Hans
Published: October 2023

This book is intended for students, teachers, and educators interested in health policymaking. A key theme in the book is that health policymaking includes more than translating empirical knowledge about the determinants of health and disease into effective policy measures. A linear path from knowledge to health policy does not exist. Though undoubtedly essential, empirical knowledge on the determinants of life expectancy, quality of life, infant mortality, maternity death, health disparities, and other public health parameters is only one dimension of health policymaking. An instrumental view on health policymaking falls short because it neglects what may be called its political face. Health policymaking is not only a matter of applying empirical knowledge into practice but also the outcome of political contests, ideological beliefs, commercial interests, power, and standardized practices. This book aims to train students in analyzing the impact of these factors on health policymaking.
Approximation of classes of Poisson integrals by Fejer means
Authors: Rovenska O. G.
Published: October 2023

The work is devoted to the investigation of problem of approximation of continuous periodic functions by trigonometric polynomials, which are generated by linear methods of summation of Fourier series.
The simplest example of a linear approximation of periodic functions is the approximation of functions by partial sums of their Fourier series. However, the sequences of partial Fourier sums are not uniformly convergent over the class of continuous periodic functions. Therefore, a many studies is devoted to the research of the approximative properties of approximation methods, which are generated by transformations of the partial sums of Fourier series and allow us to construct sequences of trigonometrical polynomials that would be uniformly convergent for the whole class of continuous functions. Particularly, Fejer means have been widely studied in the last time. One of the important problems in this field is the study of asymptotic behavior of the upper bounds over a fixed classes of functions of deviations of the trigonometric polynomials.
The aim of the work systematizes known results related to the approximation of classes of Poisson integrals of continuous functions by arithmetic means of Fourier sums, and presents new facts obtained for particular cases.
The asymptotic behavior of the upper bounds on classes of Poisson integrals of periodic functions of the real variable of deviations of linear means of Fourier series, which are defined by applying the Fejer summation method is studied. The mentioned classes consist of analytic functions of a real variable, which are narrowing of bounded harmonic in unit disc functions of complex variable. In the work, asymptotic equalities for the upper bounds of deviations of Fejer means on classes of Poisson integrals were obtained.