bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Respon Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Tanaman Selada Romaine (Lactuca Sativa L. Var. Longifolia) Terhadap Perbedaan Jarak Tanam Pada Smart Watering System SWU 02
Authors: Fitrian Auliannissa , Bafdal Nurpilihan , Dwiratna Nur Perwitasari Sophia
Published: March 2023

Rendahnya produksi selada menunjukkan bahwa diperlukan upaya budidaya yang efektif dengan memanfaatkan lahan yang sempit yaitu dengan budidaya selada romaine secara hidroponik. Smart Watering SWU 02 dapat dijadikan sebagai salah satu upaya untuk meningkatkan produksi selada di Indonesia khususnya selada romaine karena dapat diaplikasikan dilahan yang sempit juga dapat mengurangi biaya produksi dikarenakan tidak menggunakan energi listrik. Selada romaine sangat bergantung pada cahaya matahari apabila kekurangan cahaya matahari maka akan mengalami etiolasi. Kurangnya cahaya matahari disebabkan karena jarak tanam yang terlalu rapat. Salah satu upaya yang harus dilakukan untuk menyelesaikan permasalahan tersebut adalah penerapan variasi jarak tanam yang tepat. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh perbedaan jarak tanam terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada romaine (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) pada Sistem Smart Watering SWU 02 serta untuk memperoleh jarak tanam yang paling optimal untuk menunjang pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada romaine (Lactuca sativa L. var. longifolia) pada Sistem Smart Watering SWU 02. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode eksperimental dengan rancangan acak lengkap (RAL). Jarak tanam yang digunakan yaitu 20 cm x 25 cm, 20 cm x 20 cm, 25 cm x 25 cm dan 12,5 cm x 12,5 cm masing-masing 3 ulangan. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh pertumbuhan dan hasil tanaman selada romaine terhadap perbedaan jarak tanam pada Smart Watering SWU02. Jarak tanam 20 cm x 25 cm merupakan jarak tanam terbaik diantara jarak tanam lainnya. Jarak tanam yang renggang mengurangi persaingan antar tanaman dalam mendapatkan cahaya matahari dan nutrisi sehingga tanaman mendapatkan cahaya matahari dan nutrisi optimal.
ERPs in Higher Education Institutions: Motivations, Challenges, and Success Factors
Authors: Alhazmi Abdulsalam K. , Alsakkaf Nasr , Motahar Mohammed , Alqubati Ghadah
Published: March 2023

Enterprise Resource Planning Systems (ERPs) are of vital importance to all institutions, especially those involved in higher education (HEIs). However, the level of their implementation among these institutions has shown poor results. Currently, higher education institutions in Malaysia have yet to explore factors leading to the successful implementation of ERPs. There is a lack of research on ERP systems implemented in HEIs, especially regarding their success factors. As such, a literature review was conducted on ERPs in higher education institutions, discussing the advantages of different systems; their obstacles to implementation; and their success factors in HEIs. This review concluded with two theories by which to define the most critical and impactful factors to these systems' success. It is hoped that this review will help HEIs to understand the factors that might lead to the successful implementation of ERPs. In addition, implementing ERPs successfully in higher education will help develop a global competitive advantage, as well as affect the satisfaction levels of stakeholders in HEIs. Whilst investments in ERP systems by modern organisations are becoming increasingly common – especially amongst higher education institutions - the lack of previous empirical research in this environment has neglected the potential benefits of these systems.
Resource Allocation in Fog Computing: A Systematic Review
Authors: Salem Asma'a Hassan , Algaphari Ghaleb H.
Published: March 2023

Despite the importance of resource allocation issues, there is no systematic, comprehensive and detailed survey on resource allocation approaches in the fog-computing context. In this article, we provide a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) on the resource allocation approaches in fog environments in the form of a classical taxonomy to recognize the state-of-the-art mechanisms on this important topic and provide open issues. The presented taxonomy is categorized into three main fields: centralized allocation, decentralized allocation, and integrated allocation (published between 2017 and March 2022). According to what is known in fog computing, load balancing and service placement are among the most important basic parameters that ensure service quality. These fields are classified into four methods, approximate, exact, fundamental, and hybrid. In addition, this article investigates resource allocation metrics with all advantages and limitations related to chosen resource allocation mechanisms in networks.
Association Between Dietary Patterns of Salty Foods, Sweet Drinks, Fruit and Vegetables and The Prevalence of Hypertension in East Java: Multivariate Analysis of Indonesian Basic Health Surveys Data 2018
Authors: Andrianto  , Mohammad Satya Bhisma  , Fita Triastuti  , Budi Susetyo Pikir  , Trissatharra Annisa
Published: March 2023

Hypertension remains the main cause of mortality globally, including in Indonesia, with a prevalence rate of 34.1%. Various studies have reported an association between dietary patterns and the prevalence of hypertension. Therefore, further analysis is needed to determine preventive intervention strategies in each region. This study aimed to analyze the effect of dietary patterns on the prevalence of hypertension in East Java Province. The sample is the result of multistage random sampling from the census block of Basic Health Research (Riskesdas) report in the East Java Province collected from 2013 – 2018. The classical assumption test was carried out using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov method, bivariate test using the Pearson method, and multivariate test using the multiple linear regression method. There are three variables tested that have a p-value below the value of α <0.05, including eating salty foods once a day (p=0.021), drinking sweet drinks three times per month (p=0.008), and non-routine of fruits and vegetables consumption (p=0.003). Based on the r-value, the association between predictor variables and prevalence in order from the largest to the smallest of the habit of not consuming fruits and vegetables (r=-0.469), the habit of drinking sugary drinks three times per month (r=-0.425), and salty eating habits one time per day (r=-0.372). Multivariate multiple linear regression analysis showed that daily intake of salty foods (p=0.013) was associated with the prevalence of hypertension.
The Level of Education, Business Age and Knowledge of Food Additives and Methanil Yellow: A Study among Online Noodle Sellers (GoFood and GrabFood) in East Surabaya
Authors: Utari Gita Setyawati  , Trias Mahmudiono
Published: March 2023

Knowledge of food additives is one of the important factors for sellers. Knowledge affected the choice and usage of food additives for the product. Sellers’ knowledge influenced by various factors such as level of education and experience or business age. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between education, business age, and knowledge among noodle sellers who sell their product through online order-delivery application GoFood and GrabFood in East Surabaya. This research was an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional method. This study using 57 respondents who sell their noodles product through online order-delivery application GoFood and GrabFood in East Surabaya within 2.38 km from predetermined point, Campus C Airlangga University, Mulyorejo obtained using random sampling method. Respondent characteristics and knowledge data were collected through interview using questionnaire. Data was analyzed using Spearman Rank Test to find the relationship between variables. The result showed that majority of respondents had senior high school education level, business age 1-5 years, and low level of knowledge. The results showed that education has significant relationship with knowledge (p value=0.017) with correlation coefficient 0.314 and the insignificant relationship between business age and knowledge (p value=0.418). In conclusion, level of education played an important role in sellers’ knowledge of food additives. Socialization about the usage of food additives also need to be done regularly to prevent the false information received by the sellers.
Potential of Local Fruits (Kersen (Muntingia calabura), Kawista (Limonia acidissima) and Trembesi (Samanea saman) as Sweetener with Low Glycemic Index and Glycemic Load
Authors: Gemala Anjani  , Dewi Marfu'ah Kurniawati  , Ahmad Syauqy  , Rachma Purwanti  , Diana Nur Afifah  , Tasya Safira Meliasari  , Nur Faizah
Published: March 2023

Diabetes is a metabolic disease that occurs in a person characterized by hyperglycemia. One of the cause of diabetes melitus is excessive consumption of simple sugar, so it is necessary to replace sugar (sucrose) with natural sweteeners derived from sweet fruit such as kersen, kawista and trembesi. This research is an experimental study to make natural sweeteners from kersen, kawista and trembesi fruit powder. The natural sweeteners of kersen, kawista dan trembesi fruit powder were analyzed for protein, fat, dietary fiber, ash, water, and carbohydrates. The solubility tests was carried out by the AOAC method, brix with refractometry, sugar content by spectrophotometry, organoleptic properties by hedonic test. The natural sweetener of trembesi fruit powder was analyzed glycemic index by the method of Wolever et al. (2001) and glycemic load was calculated from glycemic index test of food taking into account the amount of carbohydrates available in the serving size. There was a significant difference (p<0,05) in solubility, brix index, total sugar, sucrose content, organoleptic preference level moisture, ash, fat, protein, and carbohydrate content among the three types of fruit powder but there was no significant difference (p>0,05) on the dietary fiber and reducing sugar content. The glycemic index and glycemic load value of trembesi fruit powder were 29,09 and 7,09. Natural sweeteners from trembesi fruit powder has highest carbohydrate content compared to kersen and kawista fruit powder. Natural sweetener from trembesi fruit powder has low glycemic index (29,09) and glycemic load (7,09).
Development of Instant Porridge Complementary Feeding with Catfish Flour and Pumpkin Flour Substitution
Authors: Darningsih Sri , Habibi Nur Ahmad Habibi , Nurman Zurni , Ismanilda Ismanilda
Published: March 2023

The problem of malnutrition in infants and toddlers led to growth and development impairment. In the long term, nutritional problems increased the risk of disease and lower productivity. A method to overcome malnutrition was by using complementary feeding. This study aimed to create and evaluate the quality, safety and shelf life of instant porridge complementary feeding with the substitution of catfish flour and pumpkin flour. The method used in this study was an experimental study with two factorial completely randomized design with two repetitions to evaluate the product sensory. Furthermore, quality and safety testing was carried out according to the parameters set by Indonesia National Standard and Indonesia National Food and Drug Agency. In the final stage, the shelf life evaluation was carried out using the Extended Storage Studies (ESS) method using room temperature 27-37oC. The results showed that the use of catfish flour as much as 15% and pumpkin flour as much as 10% gave the best results on the sensory value of instant porridge. The product had a fairly good nutritional value, and safe in terms of heavy metals and microbiology. However, the water content of the product was still too high from the standard. The result of shelf life testing using the ESS method, instant porridge products had shelf life of 6 months at room temperature 27-37°C. The implications of this research can be used as a reference in the development of complementary feeding made from local food.
Observation of shoot growth: a simple and operational decision-making tool for monitoring vine water status in the vineyard
Authors: Pichon Léo , Laurent Cécile , Payan Jean-Christophe , Tisseyre Bruno
Published: March 2023

In vineyard management, the monitoring of vine water status is of great importance, because this variable influences harvest quality, yield and, in the longer term, vineyard sustainability. Numerous tools and methods have been proposed to monitor vine water status, but they often involve the use of costly and complex equipment and can be logistically demanding. Methods based on the observation of vine shoot growth are interesting potential alternatives, because they are simple to carry out and therefore potentially better adapted for use in production vineyards. However, these methods have never been evaluated or compared to reference measurements made on several cultivars and during several vintages. The objective of this article was to study their characteristics (validity range, specificity and sensitivity) in order to be able to give recommendations for their rigorous implementation in an experimental or operational context. The study was carried out using the iG-Apex method to measure vine shoot growth and predawn leaf water potential as reference measurements in 55 fields located in the Tavel vineyard (Occitanie, France) during the 2008 to 2012 vintages. The results showed that iG-Apex can be used as an operational tool for monitoring vine water status at field scale and for a predawn leaf water potential ranging from -0.2 MPa to -0.8 MPa. Nevertheless, precautions must be taken when interpreting the results, as the method is not specific to water constraint and is also sensitive to other phenomena. Furthermore, it could be relevant to use this method for the collective monitoring of vine shoot growth over large spatial areas, in addition to more precise and more localised monitoring carried out with reference measurements.
Méthodologies pour choisir et caractériser des extraits de plantes et évaluer leurs activités biologiques sur l’immunité des poulets
Authors: TRAVEL Angélique , GUABIRABA Rodrigo , TAVARES Olivia , BELLENOT Denis , LEMAIRE Benjamin , DUFAT Hanh , FILLIAT Christine , FERRE Jean-Yves , SKIBA Fabien , LAMARQUE Margot , PERTUSA Marion , GUILLOTEAU Laurence A.
Published: March 2023

Le potentiel des plantes connues pour leurs vertus médicinales suscite un grand intérêt dans un contexte mondial de réduction des risques d’antibiorésistance. Dans le cadre de la nutrition animale, l’usage des extraits de plantes se positionne dans une démarche de gestion intégrée de la santé des animaux dans le but de favoriser la construction de leur immunité et de limiter l’apparition des maladies. Le soutien des fonctions immunitaires par l’apport d’extraits de plantes est un moyen de renforcer les capacités d’adaptation des poulets, notamment chez le poussin. Pour mettre en œuvre leur usage, cela nécessite de disposer de méthodologies complémentaires, adaptées et fiables pour s’assurer de la qualité et de la valeur ajoutée fonctionnelle des extraits pour la santé des poulets. Les étapes décrites, indépendantes et complémentaires, ont permis d’élaborer et de valider une méthodologie globale, pertinente et robuste pour sélectionner, caractériser et évaluer la qualité et les effets des extraits de plantes sur l’immunité des poulets en situation d’élevage. Des grilles d’analyse ont été rassemblées en un outil d’aide à la décision (CHECK’MEX). Les extraits de plantes sélectionnés comme la mélisse et le ginseng ont été testés pour évaluer leurs capacités à stimuler l’immunité innée des volailles dans des modèles cellulaires ou des modèles d’inflammation et de stress oxydant développés ex vivo sur cellules de poulet. Les extraits ont ensuite été évalués chez le poulet dans des conditions expérimentales proches du terrain permettant de valider leurs effets et de réaliser une analyse multicritère incluant des indicateurs de santé, de bien-être et de zootechnie. Cette démarche est applicable à tous types d’extraits de plantes et elle peut être adaptée pour d’autres espèces animales ou d’autres effets biologiques.
Can a Woman be a True Guru? Female Hindu Gurus’ Grassroots Religious Gender Activism in India, and the Performativity of Saintliness at the Kumbh Mela
Authors: DeNapoli Antoinette E.
Published: March 2023

This article represents a departure from existing scholarship on women’s political activism in Indian Hinduism. Women’s gender activism in Hindu nationalism encompasses a range of approaches, from hard-line to emancipatory, and is motivated by different concerns, from religious xenophobia to religious power. Thus, female religious leaders (gurus) advocating Hindutva Hinduism exercise more than one style of leadership in the public sphere. Based on ethnographic research conducted at the Kumbh Mela, the article illuminates another style of activism, which is termed ‘grassroots religious feminist-leaning activism.’ Analysing the teachings and practices of two female gurus, it argues that one guru believes in a separate but equal approach (men and women have different skills and rights), and the other follows the approach that both genders should have the same rights and abilities to make choices because of their common humanity. Both gurus are unlocking opportunities for women’s greater freedom within the male-dominated religious hierarchies of the Hindu ascetic orders akhāṛās) at the Kumbh Mela. This article argues that, through performance of the ‘rhetoric of saintliness,’ the gurus heighten or reverse sex-role stereotypes embedded in mainstream representations of ‘good’ gurus in order to mobilise gender reform in patriarchal akhāṛā culture.
‘You Call Us Goons! Have You Seen How Their Women Act?’: Gendering as a Protest Strategy among Hindu Nationalist Students in New Delhi
Authors: Tyagi Aastha
Published: March 2023

Founded in 1949, Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP) is the largest political student organisation in the world. ABVP fights university elections, helps students navigate university bureaucracy, and conducts extra-curricular activities for students. It is one of the strongest arms of the largest and most influential coalition of Hindu nationalist organisations called the Sangh Family (Sangh Parivar) in promoting Hindu nationalist ideology to an extremely influential demographic: the young, university-educated, and urban populace. As a member of the largest Hindu nationalist organisation in the world, what does it mean to protest in the present political moment – with the knowledge that there is state and institutional support on your side? Ethnographic data and interviews show that gender plays a key role in how protests are organised and performed. In this article, the sites of the ABVP protest are deconstructed to illustrate two objectives: first, to lay out the preparations that go into ‘doing’ protest. Second, the strategies, micro-politics and navigations that show how protests are gendered. Gendering emerges as a strategy of assertion against women of the left and progressive groups.
Mothering and Radical Selfcare: An Autoethnography of Participating in a Facebook Parenting Group
Authors: Nair Smitha Sasidharan , Kalarivayil Rajesh
Published: March 2023

The article documents the experiences of parenting of an urban Indian Hindu middle-class couple at the intersection of virtual and physical spaces and ideas. The experiences and ideas documented in this paper have co-evolved as the authors are parenting their four-year-old daughter and realised how their participation in a Facebook parenting group is influencing them as parents. The relational perspective in autoethnography is used to examine the mutual influences between the authors as partners, parents, and participants in the Facebook parenting group. This is done to understand how our participation in the Facebook parenting group mutually influenced our understanding of ideas of empowered mothering and self-care. The paper draws from Audre Lorde’s idea of radical self-care to analyse the interactions on the online group on empowered mothering and self-care.
Looking back to see forward: species diversity changes since 1980 on Bahamian reefs through diver photography
Authors: Sullivan Sealey Kathleen , Black Katherine
Published: March 2023

Maintaining biodiversity over time is paramount to the functioning of coral reef ecosystems. Species abundance and richness change over time, but overall biodiversity supports ecosystem function and services. A decrease in biodiversity can detrimentally impact reefs; phase shifts have the potential to fundamentally alter the dominance of stony corals and structure of reef communities. SCUBA diver photography can form important baseline information on both species and taxa level diversity trends on less-accessible reefs over decades. Historic photographs can be analyzed to form a complimentary timeline with more formal monitoring and sampling via benthic transects, point intercept and visual surveys. This timeline may be especially important to understand long-term trends and subtle changes associated with climate change. An assessment of changes in reef benthos was carried out, combining scientific surveys with recreational underwater photographs from SCUBA divers beginning in 1980 to 2015. Reefs that were consistently visited in the Exuma Cays Land and Sea Park, The Bahamas were targeted for collecting photographs cataloged by date and dive site. The photography image database provided an exceptional opportunity to study key benthic species from 2,073 slides and 337 1-meter quadrats collected at five dive sites from 1980-2010. Changes in reef biodiversity with a focus on cnidarians, sponges and annelids were evaluated with diversity indices and multivariate analyses using diver photos and more recently, one meter quadrat surveys, to evaluate community changes over time on deep (<−10 m) platform margin reefs.
The optimal allocation method of resources based on the construction of rural ecological civilization
Authors:   School of Finance and Economics, Guangdong University of Science and Technology, Dongguan 523083, China., Tian Guixian , Wang Jia ,   School of Business, Pingxiang University, Pingxiang 337055, China
Published: March 2023

Owing to the low rate of utilization of traditional rural resources, it is impossible to allocate resources in areas with a complex agricultural structure. Therefore, this work designs a new method of resource allocation based on the construction of rural ecological civilization. In this work the optimal model of resource allocation under the construction of the rural ecological civilization is designed, the matrix of data of the evaluation index is established and the dimensionless processing is carried out. According to the gray correlation model, the degree of correlation of each evaluation index is calculated, and then the evaluation obstacle factors are calculated, to obtain the evaluation index of the optimal allocation of rural resources. On this basis, objectives of optimization of construction resources are achieved, the principles of optimization of resources are clarified, and finally the optimal allocation of resources based on the construction of rural ecological civilization is realized. The applicability of this method is verified by example analysis. The rate of utilization of rural resources under this method is high. When the regional structure is complex, it can also maintain a good resource allocation effect, demonstrating that research results are of practical importance.
Passive Dynamics of the Head, Neck and Forelimb in Equine Foetuses- an Observational Study
Authors: Lusi Carla M , Davies Helen M.S.
Published: March 2023

Passive dynamics is an aspect of locomotion which is entirely dependent on the mechanical configuration and linkages of adjacent body segments. Tension distribution along mechanical linkages enables execution of movement patterns with reduced need for complex neurological pathways and may play a role in reestablishing postural stability following external disturbances. Here we demonstrate a uni-directional mechanical relationship between the equine forelimb, head and neck, which may have implications for balance and forelimb loading in the horse. These observations suggest that forelimb, head and neck movement coordination (observed in the horse during unrestrained locomotion) is largely controlled by the mechanical linkages between body segments, rather than being entirely dependent on neurological input as previously thought. This highlights the potential significance of research directed at investigating passively induced movements in understanding common locomotory patterns. Additionally, it suggests a mode of postural control which may provide instantaneous adjustments to postural disturbances, thus promoting rapid and efficient locomotion.
Establishment of a Pilot Newborn Screening Program for Spinal Muscular Atrophy in Saint-Petersburg
Authors: Kiselev Anton , Maretina Marianna , Shtykalova Sofia , Al-Hilal Haya , Maslyanyuk Natalia , Plokhih Maria , Serebryakova Elena , Frolova Marina , Shved Natalia , Krylova Nadezhda , Il'ina Arina , Freund Svetlana , Osinovskaya Natalia , Sultanov Iskender , Egorova Anna , Lobenskaya Anastasia , Koroteev Alexander , Sosnina Irina , Gorelik Yulia , Bespalova Olesya , Baranov Vladislav , Kogan Igor , Glotov Andrey
Published: March 2023

Spinal muscular atrophy 5q (SMA) is the most common neuromuscular inherited disease in neonates which is associated with homozygous deletion of exon 7 in the SMN1 gene. Recently established drugs can improve the motor functions of SMA infants when treated in the pre-symptomatic stage. With aim of providing an early diagnosis, newborn screening (NBS) for SMA using real-time PCR assay with dried blood spots (DBS) was performed in Saint-Petersburg from January 2022 through November 2022. Here, 36,140 newborns were screened by GenomeX real-time PCR-based screening test, and three genotypes were determined. Homozygous deletion carriers (4 newborns), heterozygous carriers (772 newborns) and wild-type individuals (35,364 newborns) were identified. All four newborns screened positive for homozygous SMN1 deletion were confirmed by alternate methods. Two of the newborns had two copies of SMN2, and two of the newborns had three copies. We determined Saint-Petersburg spinal muscular atrophy incidence of 1 in 9,035 and SMA carrier frequency of 1 in 47. In conclusion, it can be summarized that providing both timely SMN1 information and confirmation along with SMN2 copy number as part of SMA newborn screening algorithm can significantly improve clinical follow-up, family members testing, and SMA patients' treatment.
Can UNESCO Use BLOCKCHAIN To Ensure the Intangible Cultural Heritage of Humanity? A Systemic Approach That Explains the Why, How, and Difficulties of Such a Venture
Authors: Zoannos Nikolaos , Chourdaki Pelagia , Assimakopoulos Nikitas
Published: March 2023

Focusing on the implementation of the 2003 UNESCO Convention for the Safeguarding of the Intangible Cultural Heritage (ICH), this article highlights the fact that the cataloging procedures, the way records are stored, and the metadata models used during recording, visualization, and storage of ICH expression elements, vary from country to country. Especially in these days of great uncertainty, war conflicts, and the systemic risks that may arise, it is vital to clarify what techniques will be used in the storage of ICH to ensure its unhindered preservation and dissemination over time across the globe. Using the systems thinking approach indicated for cases of great complexity, the process followed in Greece for depositing a new element in its local repository is described to demonstrate the need for a well-defined process by UNESCO, which must be followed worldwide and which has not been defined so far. What are the potential challenges not only in determining the type of data but also in choosing the best metadata model to use in each case when capturing this data? What technologies must be used for storing digital cultural heritage in such a way that will preserve it over time, defying physical and technological hazards? The article finally suggests how Blockchain Technologies (BT) can be effectively used to store the global ICH and ensure its continuity in future generations by creating a decentralized worldwide network between the heritage stakeholders.
Comparative Study on Hot Metal Flow Behaviour of Virgin and Rejuvenated Heat Treatment Creep Exhausted P91 Steel
Authors: Maube Shem , Obiko Japheth , Van der Merwe Josias , Klenam Desmond , Mwema Fredrick M , Bodunrin Michael
Published: March 2023

This article reports on the comparative study of the hot deformation behaviour of virgin (steel A) and rejuvenated heat treatment creep-exhausted (steel B) P91 steels. Hot uniaxial compression tests were conducted on the two steels at the deformation temperature range of 900°C-1050°C and a strain rate range of 0.01-10s-1 to 0.6 strain using Gleeble® 3500 equipment. The results showed that the flow stress largely depends on the deformation conditions. The flow stress for the two steels increased with an increase in strain rate at a given deformation temperature and vice versa. The flow stress-strain curves exhibited a dynamic recovery as the softening mechanism. The material constants determined using Arrhenius constitutive equations were: stress exponent was: steel A (5.76) and steel B (6.67), and the apparent activation energy was: steel A (473.1 kJ mol-1) and steel B (564.5 kJmol-1). From these results, steel A exhibited better workability than steel B. Statistical parameters analyses showed that the flow stress for the two steels had a good correlation between the experimental and predicted data. Pearson’s correlation coefficient (R) was: steel A (0.97) and steel B (0.98). The Average Absolute Relative Error (AARE) values were: 7.62% (steel A) and 6.54% (steel B). The study shows that the Arrhenius equations can effectively describe the flow stress behaviour of P91 steel, and this method is applicable to the industrial metalworking process.
Supplemental Analyses for Comment on “Impacts of Sugarcane Fires on Air Quality and Public Health in South Florida”
Authors: Shapero Andrew , Keck Stella , Goswami Emily , Love Adam
Published: March 2023

This document serves as supplemental information to Shapero et al. (2023), which is itself a comment on Nowell et al. (2022). Environmental Health Perspective’s publishing standards for article comments have strict word counts and do not allow the addition of new primary data analyses; therefore, this document provides an additional level of detail and supporting analyses that serve as an important backup to and expansion of Shapero et al. (2023) and that also respond to some comments within the author’s reply to our comments (Holmes and Nowell, 2023). Nowell et al. (2022) evaluated potential PM2.5 community impacts from sugarcane harvesting. However, their analysis is flawed by erroneous assumptions and misapplied technical approaches, as discussed in Shapero et al. (2023) and as detailed in this supplemental information document. Additionally, the authors ended their analysis with 2018 data, but later data shows no marginal increase in PM2.5 during sugarcane harvest following 2019 even using the authors’ approach (Holmes and Nowell, 2023). Therefore, the authors’ evaluations have no relevance to current conditions. Nonetheless, even their evaluation and conclusions regarding PM2.5 concentrations purportedly attributable to sugarcane harvesting prior to 2019 are unsupported and technically unsound as detailed below.
Tomato Defence Suppression is a Common Trait in Tetranychus urticae Collected from Field-Grown Tomatoes
Authors: Teodoro-Paulo Jéssica , Fernandes Carlos , Dong Lin , Magalhães Sara , Duncan Alison B. , Alba Juan M. , Kant Merijn R.
Published: March 2023

Herbivores have evolved several strategies to cope with plant defences. Some herbivores are able to resist toxic compounds, while others can manipulate host immunity. Previously it was found that spider mites collected from non-solanaceous wild host plants consist mostly of individuals that induce tomato defences, but also at low frequencies of individuals that can suppress these defences. Also, it has been shown that mites collected from non-solanaceous plants can adapt to tomato by evolving traits that allow them to suppress defences. Hence, we wanted to know if this trait is also common among mites naturally occurring on tomatoes. Here, we compared three T. urticae populations sampled from tomato at three field sites, and also an outbred population created from them through controlled crosses. We then assessed their fecundity on wild-type (WT) tomato plants and def-1 mutants impaired in inducible JA-defences. We also assessed the magnitude of JA defences they induce in WT plants to discriminate between resistant types (high induction and high performance) and those that can suppress defences (low induction, high performance). We then aligned these data with data on variation in mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase I (COI) and effector 84 (a suppressor of JA-defences in planta), in order to compare genetic diversity patterns among mite lines that induce or suppress defences. We found that suppression is the dominant phenotype in mite strains collected from field-grown tomatoes and that inducers and suppressors predominantly cluster in distinct effector 84 clades. We speculate that effector allelic diversity may be subject to natural selection when these mites colonize a novel host plant, promoting traits to cope with plant resistance, such as defence suppression, which facilitates adaptation.
Child-Friendly Tourism: Keys to Sustainable Tourism Cities
Authors: Suryawijaya Tito Wira Eka
Published: March 2023

Child-friendly tourism is a tourism concept that focuses on the welfare and needs of children as tourism actors. This concept is an important part of developing a sustainable tourism city because children are the future generation who will continue their role in maintaining the sustainability of the tourism industry. This article discusses the importance of child-friendly tourism in the development of a sustainable tourist city and provides some examples of best practices in creating a safe, comfortable and educational tourism environment for children. This article also discusses some of the challenges and opportunities in implementing the concept of child-friendly tourism, including how to involve children in decision-making and increase community participation in creating a better tourism environment for children. By adopting the concept of child-friendly tourism, tourist cities can build a sustainable tourism environment and preserve natural resources and local culture, while also providing positive and memorable tourism experiences for children and their families.
The Thrills and Chills of ChatGPT: Implications for Assessments in Undergraduate Dental Education
Authors: ALI KAMRAN , Barhom Noha , Marino Faleh Tamimi , Duggal Monty
Published: March 2023

Background and Purpose: Open-source Artificial intelligence (AI) applications are fast transforming access to information and allow students to prepare assignments and offer quite accurate responses to a wide range of exam questions which are routinely used in assessments of students across the board including undergraduate dental students. This study aims to evaluate the performance ChatGPT, an AI-based application, on a wide range of dental assessments and discusses the implications for undergraduate dental education. Methods: This was an exploratory study investigating the accuracy of ChatGPT to attempt a range of recognized assessments in undergraduate dental curricula. ChatGPT was used to attempt ten items based on each of the five commonly used question formats including single-best answer (SBA) multiple-choice questions (MCQs); short answer questions (SAQs); short essay questions (SEQs); True/False questions and fill in the blanks items. In addition, ChatGPT was used to generate reflective reports based on multisource feedback (MSF); research methodology; critical appraisal of the literature. Results: ChatGPT application provided accurate responses to majority of knowledge-based assessments based on MCQs, SAQs, SEQs, Tue/False and fill in the blanks items. However, it was only able to answer text-based questions and did not allow processing of questions based on images. Responses generated to written assignments were also of good quality apart from those for critical appraisal of literature. Word count was the key limitation observed in outputs by ChatGPT as it was only able to produce reports limited to approximately 650 words. Conclusion: Notwithstanding their current limitations, AI-based applications have the potential to revolutionize virtual learning. Instead of treating it as a threat, dental educators need to adapt teaching and assessments in dental education to the benefits of the learners whilst mitigating against dishonest use of AI-based applications.
Towards an Analytical Theory for the Solution of the Nagel-Schreckenberg Model with vmax > 1
Authors: Laval Jorge
Published: March 2023

An exact solution for the Nagel-Schreckenberg model for vmax = 1 is known since the 90s, yet for vmax > 1 it remains an open question. It is conjectured here that this general solution can be generated from the basic solution (for vmax = 1) by a linear coordinate transformation, the shear mapping, which requires no additional parameters in the deterministic case, and two additional parameters otherwise. The proposed solutions show remarkable agreement with existing numerical solutions, except in the congested regime where the Monte Carlo data shows more concavity than the more linear congested branches predicted by the theory. More research is needed to investigate this bias.
The Confound of Hemodynamic Response Function Variability in Resting-State Functional MRI Studies
Authors: Rangaprakash D , Barry Robert , Deshpande Gopikrishna
Published: March 2023

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) is an indirect measure of neural activity with the hemodynamic response function (HRF) coupling it with unmeasured neural activity. The HRF, modulated by several non-neural factors, is variable across brain regions, individuals and populations. Yet, a majority of resting-state fMRI connectivity studies continue to assume a non-variable HRF. In this article, with supportive prior evidence, we argue that HRF variability cannot be ignored as it substantially confounds within-subject connectivity estimates and between-subjects connectivity group differences. We also discuss its clinical relevance with connectivity impairments confounded by HRF aberrations in several disorders. We present limited data on HRF differences between women and men, which resulted in a 15.4% median error in functional connectivity estimates in a group-level comparison. We also discuss the implications of HRF variability for fMRI studies in the spinal cord. There is a need for more dialogue within the community on the HRF confound, and we hope that our article is a catalyst in the process.
Adjustment of Tall Buildings Behavior by Guided Optimization of Magnetorheological-Dampers Control Parameters
Authors: Akhnoukh Amin , Farid Ahmed , Hasan Ahmed , Rashed Youssef
Published: March 2023

Magneto-rheological dampers (MR-dampers) are increasingly used in construction applications to reduce the dynamic response of structures to seismic activities or severe wind loading. Sensors attached to the structure will signal the computer to supply the dampers with electric charge that transfers the MR fluid to a near-solid material with different physical and mechanical properties (viscoelastic behavior). Control algorithms govern the fluid to near-solid conversion, which controls the behavior of the damper, and the performance of the structure under the seismic or wind loading event. The successful optimization of control parameters minimize the overall structural response to dynamic forces. The main objective of this research is to change the output behavior of specific floors within a building subjected to seismic excitation by optimizing the MR-dampers control parameters to impact the behavior of a specific floor or number of floors within the building. The adjustment of control parameters to attain this objective was validated in multiple case studies throughout this research. The successful implementation of the research outcome will result in optimized MR-damper design to meet the performance-based criteria of building projects.
Multilevel Functional Principal Components Analysis Presents a Viable Method of Modelling Dynamical Shape Changes
Authors: Farnell1 Damian Joseph John , Claes Peter
Published: March 2023

Multilevel functional principal components analysis (mFPCA) is used to treat dynamical changes in shape in this article. Results of standard (single-level) FPCA are presented here also as a comparison. Monte Carlo (MC) simulation is used to create univariate data (i.e., a single “outcome” variable) that contains two distinct classes of trajectory with time. MC simulation is also used to create multivariate data of sixteen 2D points that represent (broadly) an eye; this data also has two distinct classes of trajectory (an eye blinking and an eye widening in surprise). This is followed-up by an application of mFPCA and single-level FPCA to “real” data consisting of twelve 3D landmark outlining the mouth that are tracked over all phases of a smile. By consideration of eigenvalues, results for the MC datasets find correctly that variation due to differences in groups between the two classes of trajectories variation are larger than variation within each group. In both cases, differences in standardized component scores between the two groups are observed, as expected. Modes of variation are shown to model the univariate MC data correctly, and good model fits are found for both the “blinking” and “surprised” trajectories for the MC “eye” data. Results for the “smile” data show that the smile trajectory is modelled correctly, namely: the corners of the mouth are drawn backwards and wider during a smile. Furthermore, the first mode of variation at level 1 of the mFPCA model show only subtle and minor changes in mouth shape due to sex, whereas the first mode of variation at level 2 of the mFPCA model govern whether the mouth is upturned or downturned. These results are all an excellent test of mFPCA, which show that mFPCA presents a viable method of modelling dynamical changes in shape.
NoxO1 Determines Level of ROS Formation by the Nox1 Centered NADPH Oxidase
Authors: Hebchen Dana Maureen , Spaeth Manuela , Müller Niklas , Schröder Katrin
Published: March 2023

Activity of the Nox1 centered NADPH oxidase complex depends on the activator NoxA1 and the organizer NoxO1. NoxO1 itself is not involved in electron transfer for superoxide formation. Instead, by creating proximity of all components in the right place NoxO1 enables a constitutive formation of reactive oxygen species by that complex. All subunits should form the complex in a 1:1:1 ratio. When analyzing different cell lines in this study, we found an unequal expression of the component on mRNA level with an excess of NoxO1. Even with plasmid-based overexpression of individual components of Nox1 centered NADPH oxidase complex results in different expression of their mRNA, with NoxO1 mRNA being best expressed. Despite an unchanged high level of NoxO1 mRNA over a wide range of transfected plasmid, protein expression is increased with accelerating plasmid concentrations. We thought to analyze the ability of NoxO1 to induce ROS formation, when present in different ratio to Nox1 and NoxA1. To this end, we used Hek293 cells with constitutive expression of Nox1 and NoxA1 transfected with increasing concentrations of NoxO1. Our results suggest that ROS formation by the Nox1 centered NADPH oxidase strongly depends on the level of NoxO1 and a surplus of NoxO1 further increases the activity of the complex.
A Re-Inventory After 12 Years – Increase in Red Wood Ant Nests and Woodpecker Cavities in Nests in the West Eifel Volcanic Field Despite Climatic Changes
Authors: Berberich Gabriele M. , Berberich Martin B.
Published: March 2023

We re-inventoried red wood ant nests (RWA) in 12 study sites (≈1281 ha) in the Westeifel Volcanic Field, Germany, in an area-wide and integrated ecosystem approach after 12 years. Combined with the re-identification of previously mapped nests using a photo database, this approach leads to more accurate nest counts in (re)inventories. A total increase of nests from 1144 (2009) to 1252 (2021), and a dramatic one for the Heidberg site by 52-fold (2009) and 85-fold (2021) compared to a 1984 inventory was observed, contrasting with earlier postulations of a decline in RWA. Early to medium mature (41-80 years) and mature (³81–140 years) spruce forests were the preferred habitat. Large increase in small nest sizes suggests an increase in new nest settlements also in clearings, despite climate-induced forest dieback over the past decade. A decline in biodiversity in the herbaceous layer was observed; highly proliferating blackberries had no negative impact on RWA nests. Monitoring of woodpecker cavities in RWA nests is suggested as an indirect indicator tool for evaluating populations in forests. Positive ground movement rates caused by the Eifel plume are suggested another factor favoring nest settlements. This study contributes to the urgent update of statistically valid data required to a) effectively substantiate the status-quo of RWA occurrences, b) protect RWA as ecosystem engineers, c) advance understanding of Geo-Bio-Interactions in the wake of climate change, and c) contribute to the German government's Insect Conservation Action Program.
A Virus Genetic System To Analyze the Fusogenicity of Human Cytomegalovirus Glycoprotein B Variants
Authors: Zhou Xuan , Cimato Giorgia , Zhou Yi-Hua , Frascaroli Giada , Brune And Wolfram
Published: March 2023

Viruses can induce the fusion of infected and neighboring cells, leading to the formation of syncytia. Cell-cell fusion is mediated by viral fusion proteins on the plasma membrane of infected cells that interact with cellular receptors on neighboring cells. Viruses use this mechanism to spread rapidly to adjacent cells or escape host immunity. For some viruses, syncytium formation is a hallmark of infection and a known pathogenicity factor. For others, the role of syncytium formation in viral dissemination and pathogenicity remains poorly understood. Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in transplant patients and the leading cause of congenital infections. Clinical HCMV isolates have broad cell tropism but differ in their ability to induce cell-cell fusions, and little is known about the molecular determinants. We developed a system to analyze HCMV glycoprotein B (gB) variants in a defined genetic background. HCMV strains TB40/E and TR were used as vectors to compare the fusogenicity of six gB variants from congenitally infected fetuses with those from three laboratory strains. Five of them conferred the ability to induce fusion of MRC-5 human embryonic lung fibroblasts to one or both backbone strains, as determined by a split GFP-luciferase reporter system. The same gB variants were not sufficient to induce syncytia in infected ARPE-19 epithelial cells, suggesting that additional factors are involved. The system described here allows a systematic comparison of the fusogenicity of viral envelope glycoproteins and may help to clarify whether fusion-promoting variants are associated with increased pathogenicity.
Uso de dados de vida real nas avaliações econômicas de doenças raras: o Projeto Custo-hemofilia Brasil
Authors: Etges Ana Paula , Schneider Nayê , Roos Erica , Mata Veronica , Polanczyk Carisi Anne
Published: March 2023

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