bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What is the Image of the “Typical Cancer Patient”? The View of Physicians
Authors: Tsiouris Angeliki , Ungar Nadine , Gabrian Martina , Haussmann Alexander , Steindorf Karen , Wiskemann Joachim , Sieverding Monika
Published: March 2021

Former research has identified stigmatizing attitudes toward cancer patients in the general population. Little is known about (implicit) attitudes of physicians toward cancer patients. By using the prototype approach, the study investigated German physicians’ prototypical perceptions of cancer patients. Five hundred nineteen physicians (mean age: 46 years, 47% female) who regularly treat cancer patients participated in the questionnaire study. Participants were asked to state three prototype attributes that describe the “typical cancer patient.” Open format answers were coded on the dimensions favorability (coded with unfavorable, favorable, or neutral) and gender-stereotypicality (coded with masculine stereotypical, feminine stereotypical, or gender-neutral). Of all prototype attributes ( N = 1,589), 69.9% were coded as unfavorable and 14.3% as favorable, the remaining attributes were neutral (15.9%). Analysis of gender-stereotypicality revealed that nearly half of the attributes (49.5%) were compatible with the feminine, whereas only 6.5% were compatible with the masculine stereotype. The remaining attributes (44.0%) were gender-neutral. There were no significant associations between prototype favorability or gender-stereotypicality and demographic/professional characteristics of physicians. The prototype approach was successful to identify (implicit) attitudes toward cancer patients and might be more sensitive than social distance scales when investigating stigmatizing attitudes. Physicians described the “typical cancer patient” with predominantly unfavorable and feminine attributes, while favorable attributes were underrepresented and positive masculine attributes were barely mentioned. The finding that the “typical cancer patient” lacks (positive) masculine attributes should be followed up in further research.
Neonatal blood spot screening
Authors: Ashcroft Thulani
Published: March 2021

This article describes the neonatal or newborn blood spot screening programme (NBSSP) in the United Kingdom. Babies are screened for nine diseases at 5 days of age by a heel prick test. Although midwifes are the primary health practitioner involved in NBSSP, GPs may be consulted antenatally or postnatally for advice. GPs can aid informed decision making for parents concerned about genetic testing, discuss the implications of positive screening, and provide support for families with confirmed diagnoses. This review of the newborn blood spot test will discuss the programme, its limitations, ethical considerations and the diseases screened.
An Increased Adverse Fetal Outcome Has Been Observed among Teen Pregnant Women in Rural Eastern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Mezmur Haymanot , Assefa Nega , Alemayehu Tadesse
Published: March 2021

Background: According to the World Health Organization, teenage pregnancies are high-risk due to increased risks of fetal and infant morbidity and mortality. This study compares adverse fetal outcomes between teen and adult pregnant women from rural Eastern Ethiopia. Methods: Institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women visiting maternity units from surrounding rural areas. A total of 481 teenagers (13-19 years old) and 481 adults (20-34 years old) women with a singleton pregnancy were included in the study. Two hospitals and 3 health centers were selected in Eastern Hararghe Zone, Eastern Ethiopia. Comparative analysis was carried out using the log-binomial regression model to identify factors associated with adverse fetal outcomes in both categories. The results are reported in adjusted prevalence ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Results: High proportion of adverse fetal outcome was observed among teenage women than adult (34.9% vs 21%). Statistically significant difference ( P < .05) in the proportion of low birth weight (21.1% vs 9.3%), preterm birth (18.7% vs 10.6%), APGAR score at 5th minute (9.3% vs 4%) were found in teenagers compared to adult women. Antenatal care attendance (APR = 0.44; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.86); eclampsia (APR = 1.96; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.06); pre-eclampsia (APR = 1.73; 95% CI: 1.12, 2.67); and wealth index (rich) (APR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.32, 0.94) were significantly associated with adverse fetal outcomes among the teenage women. Whereas intimate partner violence (APR = 2.22; 95% CI: 1.26, 3.90); preeclampsia (APR = 3.05; 95% CI: 1.61, 5.69); antepartum hemorrhage (APR = 2.77; 95% CI: 1.73, 4.46); and hyperemesis gravderm (APR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.09, 2.79) were significantly associated with adverse fatal outcomes among the adult women. Conclusion: teenage pregnancy is associated with a high rate of adverse fetal outcomes. Early identification and treatment of problems during antenatal follow-up should be the mainstay to avert the massive adverse fetal effects.
Achieving useful data analytics for marketing: Discrepancies in information quality for producers and users of information
Authors: Morales-Serazzi Manuel , González-Benito Óscar , Martos-Partal Mercedes
Published: March 2021

This study proposes as a key cause of the high failure rates in the implementation of analytical projects for marketing decisions, the discrepancy in the information quality (DIQ) perceived between producers (information technology [IT]) and users (marketing) of knowledge. Given that the DIQ between agents is a determining factor in the success of the ability to data analytics, this study focuses on examining this concept and its causes, specifically the resources related to data analytics that influence DIQ. The results of the surveys carried out with the IT and marketing managers of 95 companies in Spain, analyzed with a comparative methodological approach (dyadic), reveal the sources of the discrepancy, namely, the quality of the data, the technological capabilities, the talent, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) support, and alignment of the data plan with the marketing plan.

JEL CLASSIFICATION M31; M15; D82; L10
Linguistic Employment Niches: Southern Dialect across Industries
Authors: Forrest Jon , McDonald Steve , Dodsworth Robin
Published: March 2021

The authors examine how linguistic niches may develop in certain industries. Using acoustic measurement techniques, the authors examine the extent to which workers in different industries display dialect features associated with the American South. The data are drawn from 190 semistructured sociolinguistic interviews from 2008 to 2017. Six linguistic variables were constructed to measure dialect features associated with southern American English. The results show that workers who are employed in the technology industry display significantly fewer southern dialect features than workers in interactive service work, law, and government. The general movement away from southern American English over time was also more prominent among technology workers. These results suggest that newer and more professional industries display less traditional patterns of southern speech. While the results do not support causal claims, they imply that individuals tend to work in industries that match their linguistic and cultural backgrounds.
Mismanaged Ankle Fractures, is it too Late to Save the Joint?
Authors: Abd-Ella Mohamed M.
Published: March 2021

Category:

Trauma; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

Mimanaged ankle fractures with a short fibula, talat shift, syndesmotic widening, malunion or nonunion following inappropriate conservative treatment or inadequate operative treatment are very challenging, especially in young patients. Whether or not to revise the fracture fixation after a period of time with weight bearing with a malaligned joint is a difficult question regarding the value of the operation after that time to prevent arthritis.The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of operative intervention in these cases in improving symptoms and preventing arthritis

Methods:

The study was a prospective study. Inclusion criteria were mismanaged ankle fractures with a reasonable range of motion. Exclusion criteria were infection, severe arthritis, complete loss of motion, ischemia and diabetes. Standing radiographs for both limbs and CT scans were obtained for all patients to analyze the problem. Operative treatment was planned accordingly, and regular follow up was performed clinically and radiologically.

Results:

29 patients were included. The average duration from the primary injury or primary fixation was 6 months (range 1.5 to 28 months). The lateral malleolus with or without the syndesmosis were affected in 25 out of 29 cases, the posterior malleolus was affected in 2 cases, the medical malleolus in 6 cases and the deltoid ligament in 12 cases. The minimum follow up duration was 9 months with a range from 9 months to 6 years. Three patients required an ankle fusion later. Ten patients report excellent results, 10 patients report good results, 4 patients report fair results and five patients report bad results, three of them underwent ankle arthrodesis.AOFAS score improved significantly from a mean of 28 points preoperative to a mean 85 points postoperative.

Conclusion:

Perfect primary treatment for ankle fractures is the best method for a good prognosis, but it is not late to reconstruct the joint if there is a reasonable range of motion.This can give good results and delay fusion, and it can make arthroplasty a valid option by restoring ankle anatomy and stability.
Excisional Debridement for Chronic Achilles Insertional Tendinosis: Technique and Case Series
Authors: Gaston Tara E. , Skibicki Hope , Chapter Megan C. , Cheesman Quincy , Daniel Joseph N.
Published: March 2021

Category:

Sports; Ankle

Introduction/Purpose:

Operative treatment of chronic Achilles insertional tendinosis (AIT) involves tendon debridement, removal of the retrocalcaneal bursitis, and excision of the calcaneal exostosis, often followed by repair of the Achilles tendon and deep tendon transfer. The literature describes a variety of techniques without a single standard of care. The purpose of this study is to describe a novel approach for the treatment of chronic AIT and report clinical outcomes and complications of this technique.

Methods:

A retrospective review was performed of 57 patients with chronic AIT who were treated with the proposed surgical technique by a single surgeon from January 2015 through January 2019. Patient demographics, pain scores, functional outcome scores, and complications were reviewed. A telephone survey was also utilized to assess patient satisfaction. Following the breakdown of the data, comparisons of the preoperative scores were compared to the postoperative outcomes using Mann- Whitney U testing.

Results:

Preoperative VAS pain scores and VR-12 Physical scores were significantly improved at two year follow up. Additionally, patients described the outcome of their surgery as, ‘very good.’ Complications were also few and minimal. Three (5.3%) patients experienced superficial skin breakdown requiring return to the operating room and three (5.3%) developed postoperative cellulitis which responded to local care and oral antibiotics. There were no ruptures or record of recurrence of disease or pain.

Conclusion:

The technique described in this paper utilizes an excisional debridement of the central portion of the Achilles tendon in the shape of an apex superior triangle and therefore, does not require detachment of the tendon from its insertion on the calcaneus (Image 1). Functional outcome scores and pain significantly improved at two years follow up. Postoperative complications were similar to those previously reported with superficial wound breakdown being the most common. In conclusion, the authors encourage the use of this reliable, reproducible, and effective technique for the treatment of patients with chronic AIT.
Voluntary Pregnancy Screening at Syringe Exchanges: A Feasibility Study
Authors: Cioffi Camille C. , Seeley John R.
Published: March 2021

The purpose of this study was to explore the feasibility of offering voluntary pregnancy screening at syringe exchange programs, using the National Implementation Research Network Hexagon Discussion and Analysis Tool. We conducted a survey among female syringe exchange clients, which assessed perceived needs, values, and behavioral intentions for parenting and entering treatment if they received a positive pregnancy screen, and surveys among staff and core volunteers to assess organizational fit, capacity, and needed supports. Participants and staff reported that pregnancy screening was needed at syringe exchange and that capacity needs to be expanded to provide services. Pregnancy screening at syringe exchanges holds the potential to lead to early detection of pregnancy. Early detection of pregnancy among women who inject drugs may result in improved prenatal care, including substance use treatment and treatment of infectious diseases, for women who would otherwise be unlikely to receive prenatal care.
Correction to: Impact of environmental cleaning on the colonization and infection rates of multidrug-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii in patients within the intensive care unit in a tertiary hospital
Authors: Li Yang , Ge Hai , Zhou Hui , Zhou Wanqing , Zheng Jie , Chen Wei , Cao Xiaoli
Published: March 2021

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.
Umpire 2.0: Simulating realistic, mixed-type, clinical data for machine learning
Authors: Coombes Caitlin E. , Abrams Zachary B. , Nakayiza Samantha , Brock Guy , Coombes Kevin R.
Published: March 2021

The Umpire 2.0 R-package offers a streamlined, user-friendly workflow to simulate complex, heterogeneous, mixed-type data with known subgroup identities, dichotomous outcomes, and time-to-event data, while providing ample opportunities for fine-tuning and flexibility. Here, we describe how we have expanded the core Umpire 1.0 R-package, developed to simulate gene expression data, to generate clinically realistic, mixed-type data for use in evaluating unsupervised and supervised machine learning (ML) methods. As the availability of large-scale clinical data for ML has increased, clinical data has posed unique challenges, including widely variable size, individual biological heterogeneity, data collection and measurement noise, and mixed data types. Developing and validating ML methods for clinical data requires data sets with known ground truth, generated from simulation. Umpire 2.0 addresses challenges to simulating realistic clinical data by providing the user a series of modules to generate survival parameters and subgroups, apply meaningful additive noise, and discretize to single or mixed data types. Umpire 2.0 provides broad functionality across sample sizes, feature spaces, and data types, allowing the user to simulate correlated, heterogeneous, binary, continuous, categorical, or mixed type data from the scale of a small clinical trial to data on thousands of patients drawn from electronic health records. The user may generate elaborate simulations by varying parameters in order to compare algorithms or interrogate operating characteristics of an algorithm in both supervised and unsupervised ML.
Topology-optimized catenary-like metasurface for wide-angle and high-efficiency deflection: from a discrete to continuous geometric phase
Authors: Xu Mingfeng , Pu Mingbo , Sang Di , Zheng Yuhan , Li Xiong , Ma Xiaoliang , Guo Yinghui , Zhang Renyan , Luo Xiangang
Published: March 2021

We investigate the topology optimization of geometric phase metasurfaces for wide-angle and high-efficiency deflection, where adjoint-based multi-object optimization approach is adopted to improve the absolute efficiency while maintaining the polarization conversion characteristic of geometric phase metasurfaces. We show that, for the initially discrete geometric phase metasurfaces with different materials and working wavelengths, the topology shapes gradually evolve from discrete structures to quasi-continuous arrangements with the increment of optimization iteration operations. More importantly, the finally optimized metasurfaces manifest as catenary-like structure, providing significant improvements of absolute efficiency. Furthermore, for the initial structure with catenary distribution, the corresponding optimized metasurface also has a catenary-like topology shape. Our results on the topology-optimized geometric phase metasurfaces reveal that, from the perspective of numerical optimization, the continuous catenary metasurfaces is superior to the discrete geometric phase metasurfaces.
Optically-reconfigurable phase change material nanoantenna-embedded metamaterial waveguide
Authors: Varri Venkata Sai Akhil , Tripathi Devdutt , Vyas Hardik S. , Agarwal Prankush , Hegde Ravi S.
Published: March 2021

Heterogeneous integration of phase change materials (PCM) into photonic integrated circuits is of current interest for all-optical signal processing and photonic in-memory computing. The basic building block consists of waveguides or resonators embedded with state-switchable PCM cells evanescently coupled to the optical mode. Despite recent advances, further improvements are desired in performance metrics like switching speeds, switching energies, device footprint, and fan-out. We propose an architecture using resonant metamaterial waveguides loaded with Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) nanoantenna, and present a numerical study of its performance. Our proposed design is predicted to have a write energy of 16 pJ, an erase energy of 190 pJ (which is three to four times lower than previous reports), and, an order of magnitude improvement in the write-process figure-of-merit. Additional advantages include lowered ON state insertion loss and GST volume reduction.
Structural and optical properties of nano-SiO2 derived from the husk of some rice varieties and the effect of doping with Sm3+ ions
Authors: Mbakaan C. , Ahemen I. , Dejene F. B. , Onojah A. D. , Motloung S. J. , Ocaya R. , Reyes-Rojas A.
Published: March 2021

This article reports the synthesis and purification of nanosilica (SiO2) derived from the husk of some rice varieties; Faro-44, Faro-46, Faro-52, Nerica-I, and Nerica-II. The husks were pretreated with H2O and HCl. From the measurement results, Nerica-I rice husks produced the highest silica yield and best photophysical properties. Thus, the husks of Nerica-I rice were further pretreated with H3PO4 to additionally remove more mineral impurities and the derived nanosilica labeled nSiO2 was selected to serve as a host matrix for doping with varying concentrations of Sm3+ions. The doped nanosilica (nSiO2:xSm3+; x = 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1 molar ratios) maintained the amorphous structure of the undoped nanosilica, while the surface morphology as revealed by SEM and TEM indicates agglomerates of spherical nano-sized particles with average particle size measuring 21 nm. The Sm3+-doped nanosilica shows a large surface area measuring 198.0 m2/g. The photoluminescence excitation spectra show that near UV and blue LEDs can effectively be used as excitation sources to produce yellow and yellow-green emissions from Sm3+ ion-doped nSiO2 suitable for display applications.
Conflicts and Islah Strategy of Muslim Women Organization: Case Study of ‘Aisyiyah in Intra and Inter-Organizational Divergence
Authors: Syamsiyatun Siti
Published: March 2021

Indonesians have witnessed the rise and fall of women organizations, at both micro and macro levels. In 1928, there were at least thirty women’s organizations from various religious and regional backgrounds, and working on various issues, succeeded in holding the first Indonesian Women’s Congress. But a century later there were only three organizations that survived, one of them is ‘Aisyiyah. This current paper aims at exploring factors that contribute to the survival of the organization from a perspective of conflict resolution; it investigates what strategies they use to address intra and inter-organizational conflicts, by employing a qualitative analytical approach by way of the case study. The data were collected through interviews and documentation. From studying several cases of organizational conflicts encountered by ‘Aisyiyah at different times it is found that the organization constantly encounters intra and inter-organizational conflicts. It applies various strategies to deal with them in accordance with the situation and necessity. What is pivotal is ‘Aisyiyah’s willingness to explore possibilities to find win-win solutions, such as silence, inaction, negotiation, mediation to conflict transformation, to find islah ways. However, when foundational values are at stake, ‘Aisyiyah would not be reluctant to contend and use the strategy of threat.[Bangsa Indonesia telah menjadi saksi bermunculan dan berjatuhannya organisasi perempuan, baik tingkat nasional maupun lokal. Di tahun 1928 terdapat kurang lebih 30 organisasi perempuan yang terlibat aktif dalam Kongres Perempuan Indonesia pertama. Namun seabad kemudian hanya tersisa tiga organisasi yang bertahan, salah satunya 'Aisyiyah. Dengan pendekatan resolusi konflik, artikel ini menjelaskan faktor dan strategi pendukung untuk bertahan menghadapi ketegangan internal dan eksternal organisasi. Data yang dikumpulkan melalui wawancara dan studi arsip menunjukkan bahwa 'Aisyiyah dalam beberapa periode yang berbeda telah menghadapi persoalan di dalam dan antar organisasi yang mana membutuhkan strategi yang tepat dalam penyelesaiannya. Terpenting bagi 'Aisyiyah adalah usaha mencari solusi yang sama-sama menguntungkan menuju jalan damai seperti mendiamkan, negosiasi, mediasi hingga transformasi konflik. Namun jika nilai-nilai dasar organisasi menjadi taruhan, 'Aisyiyah tentu tak segan mengambil langkah tegas].
¿El coaching es psicología? ¿Quién puede aplicar el coaching y en qué entornos?
Authors: Cantón Chirivella Enrique
Published: March 2021

El extendido uso de las estrategias de Coaching y su empleo por todo tipo de personas y profesionales, no siempre de la forma correcta y deseable, hace que sea oportuno plantearse su delimitación dentro de la Psicología aplicada. Analizando los contenidos y competencias vinculadas con el Coaching podemos llegar a la conclusión de que se trata de una forma de aplicar estrategias psicológicas quedando claramente dentro de las competencias de los psicólogos/as, con su debida especialización. Por otra parte, el empleo por parte de particulares u otros profesionales en diferentes contextos podría ser también adecuado, siempre y cuando se establezcan claramente sus límites, condiciones, premisas de aplicación y requisitos, aspectos que se analizan en este trabajo.
Aortic Root Enlargement in Patients With Small Aortic Annulus Undergoing Double Valve Replacement: A Retrospective Comparative Cohort Study
Authors: Mubarak Yasser , Abdel jawad Ahmed Abdel Rahman
Published: March 2021

Background: Small aortic annulus (AA) is a big issue during aortic valve replacement (AVR), necessitating replacement of an undersized prosthetic valve especially with double valve replacement (DVR). Despite the fact that small aortic valve prostheses can lead to prosthesis-patient mismatch (PPM), there remains reluctance to perform aortic root enlargement (ARE) procedures, fearing morbidity and mortality.
Objective: To evaluate clinical and echocardiographic outcomes in patients with small aortic annulus (<18 mm) undergoing double valve replacement.
Methods: The study included 100 consecutive patients who underwent DVR for combined rheumatic aortic and mitral valve diseases, between January 2016 and September 2020. Only 50 patients had ARE with DVR. ARE was performed using an autologous or bovine pericardium or Dacron patch by Nick's or Manouguian procedures. The estimated postoperative endpoints were mortality, effective orifice areas (EOA), mean aortic pressure gradient (PG), and valve-related complications. The shortest postoperative follow-up period was 6 months.
Results: The study included 30 male and 70 female patients with mean age of 35±20 years, body surface area (BSA) of 1.7 ± 0.3 m2, aortic annulus diameter was 1.4 ± 0.4 mm, aortic orifice area was 0.8 ± 0.1 cm2, and mean pressure gradient 85 ± 2.5 mmHg. During the follow-up period, there was a mild to moderate paravalvular leak (1%) with 1% heart block and residual gradient on prosthetic aortic valve; this was all in DVR alone.
Conclusion: Enlargement of the aortic root by Nick's or Manouguian technique is safe and effective in patients with small aortic annulus undergoing double valve replacements.
On inequalities for $L_p$-norms of fractional derivatives on the real domain
Authors: Babenko V.F. , Churilova M.S.
Published: March 2021

We obtain new inequalities for fractional Marchaud derivatives of functions defined on the whole real domain, in integral metric ($1 \leqslant p < \infty$); for $p = 1$ we establish the sharpness of obtained inequalities.
Summation of Fourier integral and conjugate Fourier integral by method of G.F. Voronoi
Authors: Bojtsun L.G. , Shumeiko O.M.
Published: March 2021

The sufficient conditions under which the Fourier integral and conjugate Fourier integral are Voronoi-summable are obtained.
Redefining the Boundaries of the Sacred
Authors: Reingold Matt
Published: March 2021

This essay considers three recent Jewish graphic novels that synthesize biblical and Rabbinic texts with exegetical illustrations. Designating these works as sacred graphic novels provides an opportunity for considering the boundaries of the genres of, and interrelationship between, sacred Jewish literature and graphic novels. The concept of sacred graphic novels is explored by analyzing J.T. Waldman’s Megillat Esther, Jessica Tamar Deutsch’s Pirkei Avot and Jordan Gorfinkel and Erez Zadok’s The Passover Haggadah. While all three texts involve exegesis, what distinguishes these works is the integration of the actual text of the sacred writings in question. This integration changes the ways that the graphic novels are used as religious texts and religious texts as graphic novels and leads to a broader understanding of sacred Jewish literature.
Dry cell weight by centrifugation v1
Authors: Vitor Molino Joao
Published: March 2021

This protocols describe the steps required for dry cell weight measurements using microcentrifugal tubes.
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cell motility quantification v1
Authors: Vitor Molino Joao
Published: March 2021

This protocols describe the steps required for the motility quantification in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.
ANALISIS KUALITAS DIET SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR KREATIF HARAPAN BANGSA CIMAHI
Authors: Maulina Renata Risky , Subekti Sri , Yulia Cica
Published: March 2021

Anak sekolah rentan terhadap masalah kekurangan maupun kelebihan gizi. Salah satu faktor penyebab masalah tersebut adalah kualitas konsumsi pangan yang dikonsumsi setiap harinya. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu untuk mengetahui status gizi siswa, konsumsi pangan siswa serta kualitas diet siswa Sekolah Dasar Kreatif Harapan Bangsa Cimahi. Metode pada penelitian ini yaitu deskriptif kuantitatif dengan desain case study. Populasi sebanyak 75 siswa Sekolah Dasar Kreatif Harapan Bangsa Cimahi. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah Simple Random Sampling yang digunakan sebanyak 42 siswa mulai dari kelas 4, 5 dan 6 Sekolah Dasar Kreatif Harapan Bangsa Cimahi. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh adalah sebanyak (12%) siswa berstatus gizi kurus, (69%) siswa berstatus gizi normal, sebanyak (17%) siswa berstatus gizi gemuk dan sebanyak (2%) siswa berstatus gizi obesitas. Rata-rata konsumsi makan siswa adalah 2183,7 kal per harinya dengan protein sebanyak 59,6 gram, lemak sebanyak 70,3 gram, kharbohidrat sebanyak 289,9 gram, kalsium sebanyak 679,8 mg, phosfor sebanyak 700,6 mg, vitamin A sebanyak 581 mg, vitamin B sebanyak 1,97 mg, dan vitamin C sebanyak 51,6 mg. Kualitas diet siswa pada hari sekolah sebanyak (11,9%) buruk, (83,3 %) need improvement dan (4,8 %) baik. Sedangkan kualitas diet siswa pada hari libur adalah sebanyak (12%) buruk dan (88%) need improvement. Rekomendasi bagi lembaga terkait adalah untuk memberikan pengetahuan dan pendampingan untuk pola makan siswa pada hari sekolah dan pada hari libur bagi ibu untuk memperhatikan makanan yang dikonsumsi anak sehingga menghasilkan pola makan yang baik.Kata Kunci : Kualitas Diet , Sekolah Dasar , Siswa
Work Caused Musculoskeletal Disorders in Health Professionals
Authors: Pleho Dženan , Mačak Hadžiomerović Amra , Pleho Kenan , Pleho Jasmina , Remić Dinko , Arslanagić Davor , Lazić Miloš , Alibegović Aldina
Published: March 2021

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs) are the most common work-related diseases and describe a wide range of degenerative and inflammatory conditions affecting blood vessels, peripheral nerves, joints, ligaments, tendons, and muscles. WRMSDs are becoming an increasing problem in modern society. They are the second biggest cause of short-term or temporary incapacity for work just following a cold. At the workplace, health professionals represent a very vulnerable category in terms of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) development. It is estimated that almost one-third of all cases of absence from work among health care professionals are related to MSDs. Studies also show that a large number of health professionals report the occurrence of MSDs in one or more regions of the body, with a problem with the lower back being one of the most common.Methods: This article presents a non-experimental (qualitative) research, or a scientific review of the published literaturewhere the databases were reviewed in which the keywords for the review were: MSDs, work, health, intervention program,and ergonomics. Various databases were used in the preparation of this article, including PubMed, Google Scholar, Medline, Hrčak, Dabar, Science Direct, and Science Citation.Results: The results include a review and analysis of eighteen published scientific articles in the period 2001-2020. The studies published in these articles has been conducted in the United States, Australia, Switzerland, Portugal, Slovenia, Turkey, China, Nigeria, Israel, Tunisia, Iran, Croatia, Taiwan, Bangladesh, Serbia, Macedonia, and Greece.Conclusion: This article should indicate the magnitude of the problems of WRMSDs in health professionals and that this topic is an inexhaustible and very interesting basis for further studies by current and future researchers to create strategies for the prevention and treatment of this disorder and to eliminate its causes.
Aktywność Rekreacyjno-Turystyczna w Czasie Wolnym Piłkarek Nożnych z Województwa Łódzkiego
Authors: Daleszczyk Gabriela
Published: March 2021

Celem autorki pracy jest analiza czasu wolnego piłkarek nożnych z klubów sportowych w województwie łódzkim. W kręgu zainteresowań badawczych znalazły się takie zagadnienia, jak: czas wolny piłkarek, sposób jego wykorzystania, wielkość i struktura wyjazdów turystycznych w 2016 r. Próbowano ustalić, czym wyróżnia się aktywność rekreacyjno-turystyczna zawodniczek. Stwierdzono, że wykazują one dużą aktywność w czasie wolnym. Na intensywność i czas jej trwania wpływa wiele czynników. Główną metodą badawczą był wywiad kwestionariuszowy, który został skierowany do zawodniczek z pięciu łódzkich klubów piłkarskich. Dodatkowo wykonano inwentaryzację bezpośrednią sportowych obiektów badanych klubów.
Effect of anticholinergic medications on the risk of dementia: a Protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Maraghi Elham , Safarpour Ali Reza , Hajmohammadi Maryam , Oroojan Ali Akbar , Malehi Amal Saki , Ashrafizadeh Hadis
Published: March 2021

Introduction: The most kind of dementia is Alzheimer's disease. Alzheimer’s is a type of degenerative cerebrovascular disorder which exacerbates over time. Meanwhile, anticholinergic drugs can potentially modify the risk factors. As different studies have achieved different results and the clinical findings of these interventions have not been conclusive, the objective of this research will be to evaluate the effect of anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia.Materials& Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis with no language limitation between 1988.12.15 and 2020.12.15 will search WoS, EMBASE, MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus, ProQuest electronic databases and grey literature. Our search strategy with suitability criteria evaluating the effect of anticholinergic drugs on the risk of dementia. Two authors will independently implement the selection phases, data extraction, and quality assessment. Any discrepancies between reviewers will be resolved by consensus; otherwise, the viewpoint of a third specialist person will be applied. The reviewers will evaluate the risk of bias using NOS. We will conduct a meta-analysis with Random Effect Model or Fixed Effect Model according to severity of methodological heterogeneity. The results will be presented via the forest plot for the composition of final studies’ data, to demonstrate the separated and combined frequency and their corresponding 95% CIs and summary tables and narrative summaries. Using I2 statistics and the Q-statistic test, the statistical heterogeneity will be evaluated. For evaluating the possible reporting bias, the Funnel plot will be used; also Begg's and Egger's tests will be applied for significant results of the publication bias, and the Fill & Trim method for reformed publication bias. Ethical and dissemination: The systematic review findings will be published in a peer-reviewed journal and will also be presented at national/international academic and clinical conferences.PROSPRO Registration: CRD42020219612
Perspectives of Trial Staff on the Barriers to Recruitment in a Digital Intervention for Psychosis and How to Work Around Them: Qualitative Study Within a Trial
Authors: Allan Stephanie , Mcleod Hamish , Bradstreet Simon , Bell Imogen , Whitehill Helen , Wilson-Kay Alison , Clark Andrea , Matrunola Claire , Morton Emma , Farhall John , Gleeson John , Gumley Andrew
Published: March 2021

Background

Recruitment processes for clinical trials of digital interventions for psychosis are seldom described in detail in the literature. Although trial staff have expertise in describing barriers to and facilitators of recruitment, a specific focus on understanding recruitment from the point of view of trial staff is rare, and because trial staff are responsible for meeting recruitment targets, a lack of research on their point of view is a key limitation.

Objective

The primary aim of this study was to understand recruitment from the point of view of trial staff and discover what they consider important.

Methods

We applied pluralistic ethnographic methods, including analysis of trial documents, observation, and focus groups, and explored the recruitment processes of the EMPOWER (Early Signs Monitoring to Prevent Relapse in Psychosis and Promote Well-being, Engagement, and Recovery) feasibility trial, which is a digital app–based intervention for people diagnosed with schizophrenia.

Results

Recruitment barriers were categorized into 2 main themes: service characteristics (lack of time available for mental health staff to support recruitment, staff turnover, patient turnover [within Australia only], management styles of community mental health teams, and physical environment) and clinician expectations (filtering effects and resistance to research participation). Trial staff negotiated these barriers through strategies such as emotional labor (trial staff managing feelings and expressions to successfully recruit participants) and trying to build relationships with clinical staff working within community mental health teams.

Conclusions

Researchers in clinical trials for digital psychosis interventions face numerous recruitment barriers and do their best to work flexibly and to negotiate these barriers and meet recruitment targets. The recruitment process appeared to be enhanced by trial staff supporting each other throughout the recruitment stage of the trial.
Review of Impact and Handling of Potential Antihypertensive Drug Interactions in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients
Authors: Ni Made Susilawati  , Eli Halimah  , Siti Saidah
Published: March 2021

Drug interaction is a type of Drug-Related Problems (DRPs) that caneventually increase morbidity and mortality rates. CKD patients have asignificant risk of developing polypharmacy due to comorbid diseases andpharmacokinetics' alteration. The literature review was conducted byexploring all of the articles related to the drug interaction using druginteraction analysis program in CKD patients, which obtained from threedatabases, namely Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct, usingseveral keywords combination. Based on the comprehensive reviewsconducted, it is known that the most common effects of antihypertensivedrug interactions in CKD patients are decreasing effects of antihypertensivedrugs, hypotension, and hyperkalemia. Handling management used for theemergence of potential drug interactions is based on the severity of the druginteractions and complete knowledge of the patients' clinical condition. Themanagement of drug interaction by monitoring blood pressure, diuresis, andpotassium levels; Monitor the related effect symptoms; Monitor the fluidand body weight; Monitor the kidney and heart function. On the conditionwhere the handling management of potential drug interactions is not carriedout, elevated morbidity and mortality rates are the risks of complicationsarising from the drug interactions.
Understanding the factors that determine the emergence of anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis due to Leishmania tropica: Comparison of the density and mitochondrial lineage of Phlebotomus sergenti between endemic and free areas in Morocco
Authors: Gijón-Robles Patricia , Abattouy Naima , Merino-Espinosa Gemma , Khalfaoui Nora El , Morillas-Marquez Francisco , Corpas-López Victoriano , Noureddine Jaaouani , Díaz-Sáez Victoriano , Riyad Myriam , Martin-Sanchez Joaquina
Published: March 2021

Anthroponotic cutaneous leishmaniasis (ACL) due to Leishmania tropica is
spreading to new areas. Exposure to the vector, Phlebotomus sergenti, is
the only proven risk factor. Our objective was to compare the densities
and genetic characteristics of P. sergenti populations in two nearby
localities in Morocco, one within an ACL endemic area (El Borouj) and
another undamaged (Sidi Hajjaj). Statistically significant differences
were detected between P. sergenti densities with a higher density of P.
sergenti in the endemic town (p≤ 0.032). A different main P. sergenti
mitochondrial lineage was evidenced in each one of the 2 localities, and
for the first time, the lineage of P. sergenti specimens that are acting
as a vector of L. tropica has been identified. Bioclimatic differences
were detected between both localities. In conclusion, between an ACL
endemic locality and another ACL free there are differences in both the
density of P. sergenti and the mitochondrial lineage that may explain
the different epidemiological situation. Given that the density of P.
sergenti in the locality without ACL cases seems sufficient to allow
transmission, the main factor that would justify its ACL undamaged
character could be the absence of P. sergenti Lineage IV, which seems to
prefer warmer and drier climates.
“Integralism” and “Realism” in the Russian Civilization Theories: Two Answers to the Challenges of History
Authors: Sigachev Maxim I. , Kharin Alexey N. , Skakun Pavel P.
Published: March 2021

The article is devoted to the examination of the views on civilizational geopolitics of the two Russian philosophers – A.S. Panarin and V.L. Tsymbursky. The two thinkers represent two different approaches to the philosophy of geopolitics – civilizational “realism” and “integralism”. Those approaches are reflected also in the authors' assessments of the prospects of Russia. V.L. Tsymbursky suggested a kind of some quaint isolation, “shelter” for Russia beyond the “straits”. A.S. Panarin saw the answer in the development of a global project that Russia could offer the world. Actually the disagreements between A.S. Panarin and V.L. Tsymbursky represent a kind of confrontation between geopoliticians and civilizational thinkers. But they also reflect the contradictions between a pragmatist and a theorist. Despite the disagreements, both authors made their worthy contribution to the philosophy of geopolitics, civilization theory and the understanding of the difficult situation that Russia faced after the collapse of the USSR.
Effects of 6-week Handgrip Strengthening on the Rowing Performance of Young Male Oarsmen
Authors: NG Robert Siu Kuen
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract also in Chinese.

The purposes of this study were to investigate (1) the contribution of the different muscular strength to the performance of 30-second indoor rowing maximal test (30-sec Test) and 6-minute indoor rowing all-out test (6-min Test); and (2) the effects of 6-week handgrip strength training on the performance of 30-secTest and 6-minTest. Twenty young male rowers (age: 14.7±1.2years, height: 172.4±7.7cm, weight: 66.3±8.9kg) were randomized (n=10) into the experimental and control groups. The experimental group performed 3 sets of 12 Repetition Maximum barbell wrist curl training 3 times per week for 6 weeks. A series of tests for muscular strength and the two rowing performances were carried out Pre and Post the training period. The results of 30-secTest was significant correlated with the sum of left and right handgrip strength (HGS) (r = .76 - .78; p<.01) and the leg and back strength (LBS) (r = .65 -. 66; p<.05). Significant correlation was recorded between the performance of 6-minTest and the LBS (r=.84; p<.01), but not with the HGS. Results of a paired t-test show that only the HGS improved significantly in the experimental group with an overall improvement of 9.6% (p<.05) but produced no significant changes in the performance of 30-sec Test and 6-minTest.

本研究探討：(1)身體不同部位的肌力分別對30秒賽艇機極速測試(30秒測試)和6分鐘的賽艇機測試(6分鐘測試)表現之關係；(2) 在接受6星期手握力訓練後分別對30秒測試和6分鐘測試之表現的影響。採用實驗研究法，隨機將20位男子賽艇學員分為實驗組和對照組。結果表明：(1)腳和腰的肌力與雙手握力總和在30秒測試表現有直接關係。(2)只有腳和腰的肌力與6分鐘測試表現有直接相關。另外，實驗組經過6星期手握力訓練後，雙手握力總和明顯增加了接近一成，但分別對30秒測試和6分鐘測試表現沒有顯注的提高。
Physical Best and FitnessGram Use among United States PETE Programs
Authors: DEUTSCH Joe , Christianson Paul
Published: March 2021

The Physical Best (PB) curriculum was launched in 1987 with a mission of fostering a healthier youth by providing quality resources and professional development for educators. The purpose of this study was to find out how many Physical Education Teacher Education programs are using the PB curriculum, as well as how many are using Fitnessgram fitness testing and the reasons for their decisions. The results of the data gathered from this study show that 53% (N=52) of the programs surveyed do use the program, representing just over half of those who responded (N=97). With the PB curriculum being the only health-related fitness curriculum created by the National Association of Sport and Physical Education and the fact it can be infused into a preexisting curriculum, the researchers were surprised to not find more use of the curriculum in PETE programs. Specific reasons given for not using the curriculum pertained more to the complexity of their program circumstances and less about the actual quality of the curriculum.
Physical Education in Pre-primary Education System of Hong Kong
Authors: WONG Wing Sum
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in Chinese; abstract also in English.
Pre-primary education aims at assuring a balanced development of physical fitness, intelligence, language, interpersonal relation and emotion, nurturing interest of learning, as well as preparing for formal education in the future. Physical activity seems to be part of the pre-primary education in Hong Kong. However, time spent on physical activities in the current pre-primary curriculum is significantly reduced when comparing with that of thirty years ago. Based on the methodology of anthropology, fieldwork was carried out. The study design adopted qualitative and quantitative research methods and aimed at exploring in what extent principals, officers and teachers of kindergartens in Hong Kong were concerned about physical activity patterns of preschool children, understanding how they critiqued the environment and facilities in relation to physical activities, and knowing how they commented to their self-efficacy on leading pre-primary physical activities. It was found that physical activity had not been addressed adequately in the curriculum design of pre-primary education in Hong Kong. The self-efficacy on leading pre-primary physical activities was quite low among pre-primary teachers. The environment and availability of facilities were not favorable to the execution of pre-primary physical activity programmes. Physical education orientates pre-primary education in the future.
學前教育是要使幼兒在體能、智慧、語言、社群及情緒等方面有均衡的發展，並培養他們對學習的興趣，為日後的教育作好準備。香港學前教育應該或多或少包含身體活動元素，然而相對於三十年前的課程，現時幼稚園課程冢內的身體活動時數似乎大幅減少了。本研究以人類學常用的田野調查作為方法論，採用定性與定量研究合併的互補取徑，探討香港幼稚園校長、主任和老師對幼兒身體活動的關注程度，以及瞭解她們對活動環境配套和帶領身體活動的自我效能評價。研究發現香港學前教育課程設計對幼兒身體活動的關注程度不足，老師帶領身體活動的自我效能評價普遍偏低，而且幼稚園的活動環境配套不利於幼兒身體活動的執行。幼兒體育應該是香港學前教育的未來導向。
Comparison of the Leadership Behavior of Winning and Losing Basketball Coaches
Authors: LAM Tak Ching Eddie , ZHANG James J.
Published: March 2021

LANGUAGE NOTE | Document text in English; abstract in Chinese only.從研究得悉，球隊之比賽成績會影響敎練之領導行為。不過，大多數這類研究都在美國進行。然不同之文化背景會對運動員之表現及敎練之領導行 為產生一定之影響力。這份研究主要是比較香港勝方與負方中學籃球敎練之領導行為。參與研究者共有56名男性，全屬香港中學92-93年度學界男子甲組籃球比賽之籃球敎練。所用之問卷"運動敎練領導行為量表"共測試五類領導行為，分別是：正面反映、訓練及指導、交誼上的支持、民主行為、及專制行為。研究結果發現勝方與負方之籃球敎練在領導行為沒有明顯之差異。建議將來之研究須考慮不同文化背景及其它因素。
Encryption with weakly random keys using quantum ciphertext
Authors: Bouda Jan , Pivoluska Matej , Plesch Martin
Published: March 2021

The lack of perfect randomness can cause significant problems in securing communication between two parties. McInnes and Pinkas \cite{McInnesPinkas-ImpossibilityofPrivate-1991} proved that unconditionally secure encryption is impossible when the key is sampled from a weak random source. The adversary can always gain some information about the plaintext, regardless of the cryptosystem design. Most notably, the adversary can obtain full information about the plaintext if he has access to just two bits of information about the source (irrespective on length of the key). In this paper we show that for every weak random source there is a cryptosystem with a classical plaintext, a classical key, and a quantum ciphertext that bounds the adversary's probability $p$ to guess correctly the plaintext strictly under the McInnes-Pinkas bound, except for a single case, where it coincides with the bound. In addition, regardless of the source of randomness, the adversary's probability $p$ is strictly smaller than $1$ as long as there is some uncertainty in the key (Shannon/min-entropy is non-zero). These results are another demonstration that quantum information processing can solve cryptographic tasks with strictly higher security than classical information processing.