bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CO-CULTIVO DE ASPERGILLUS NIGER E CERIPORIOPSIS SUBVERMISPORA PARA PRODUÇÃO DE ENZIMAS LIGNOCELULOLÍTICAS E AÇÚCARES REDUTORES
Authors: Magri Priscilla Maria , Dias Sandra de Cássia
Published: July 2017

Etanol de segunda-geração pode ser produzido a partir de resíduos agrícolas tais como bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e palha de milho. Para disponibilizar os açúcares fermentáveis da biomassa lignocelulósica para a fermentação alcoólica é necessário o pré-tratamento seguido da hidrólise enzimática da celulose. Os custos envolvidos com a hidrólise enzimática são elevados e muitas vezes inviabilizam a aplicação em escala industrial. Esse trabalho avaliou o co-cultivo de Aspergillus niger e Ceriporiopsis subvermispora (em fermentação em estado sólido (FES) utilizando bagaço de cana-de-açúcar e palha de milho) para a produção de enzimas lignocelulolíticas e açúcares redutores. O planejamento fatorial 22 foi usado e as variáveis analisadas foram o pré-tratamento alcalino e o pré-tratamento microbiológico (co-cultivo), nos níveis máximos (+) e mínimos (-). A metodologia aplicada consistiu na fermentação em estado sólido seguida de determinações das atividades enzimáticas e dos açúcares redutores.  Para o bagaço de cana-de-açúcar o co-cultivo não foi favorável para a produção das enzimas FPase (celulases totais) e açúcares redutores, porém foi a condição que mais favoreceu a produção de CMCase (endoglicanases). A melhor condição para a produção de FPase e açúcares redutores foi o mono-cultivo de Aspergillus niger em bagaço de cana-de-açúcar pré-tratado. Para a palha de milho, a associação do pré-tratamento alcalino com o co-cultivo dos micro-organismos favoreceu a produção de FPase e açúcares redutores. Já a produção de CMCase foi maior nos ensaios nos quais a matéria-prima não foi tratada e ocorreu o co-cultivo. Portanto, para a produção de CMCase, o co-cultivo foi a melhor condição para os dois resíduos agrícolas e dispensa o uso do tratamento químico, diminuindo assim os custos com o processo.
Islam Nusantara Sebagai Manifestasi Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) dalam Mewujudkan Perdamaian
Authors: Munfaridah Tuti
Published: July 2017

Abstract

The phenomenon is seen in today's society is the impression that; "Islam is a terrorist, bomb, loud, kill, covered and other labels that is contrary to the teachings of Islam itself be rahmatan li al-'alamaeen." Even in the Western world was antipathy to Islam so as to "hear" the word Islam alone horror and antipathy even hate.

In such a condition that the term "Islam Nusantara" among leaders Nahdtlatul Ulama Ulama (NU). But the reality in society the term Islam Nusantara still very strange, even among radical Islam mengangggap "Islam Nusantara" is Islam perverted access all religions in Indonesia, or Islam "mix" of various religions in Indonesia, instead of pure Islam as taught by Prophet Muhammad SAW.

From some of the conditions that exist in society on the understanding of "terrorists and Islam Nusantara" raises anxiety on academic researchers to seek answers on "Terrorism, Islam Nusantara and rahmatan lil'alamin."

Nahdtlatul Ulama (NU) is the largest organization in Indonesia as a representation of Muslims. An understanding of terrorism, Islam and Islam Nusantara rahmatan lil 'Alamin will be extracted from the Branch Executive Nahdtlatul Ulama (PCNU) Cilacap.

Researchers assume that; Nahdtlatul Ulama (NU) is a representation of Islam Nusantara that Branch Executive Nahdtlatul Ulama (PCNU) Cilacap also have an important role in preaching / called on Muslims to implement the teachings of Islam Nusantara for the realization rahmatan lil'alamin.

This study is a qualitative research field, thus Researchers will use qualitative research methods with random sampling theory Milles accordance with the triangulation of data. While the idea is inductive qualitative groove.

This Researchers can to know about Islam Nusantara is very nice, humbly, savety and so good to implemantion and aplication in the religious life and social relation in this country, many others and world. Islam Nusantara is true religion, that Islam from propet Muhammad SAW, not new Islam. So we must be recieved its.

Keyword: Islam Nusantara, Nahdlatul Ulama, Peace
Perguruan Tinggi Agama Islam Swasta Antara Tuntutan dan Realita
Authors: Yasin Muhammad
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Lembaga pendidikan tinggi swasta merupakan lembaga tinggi yang setara dengan lembaga tinggi yang diselenggarakan pemerintah. Kiprah lembaga pendidikan swasta sama sebagaimana negeri, mereka ikut andil besar dalam mencerdaskan anak bangsa. Hal senada tentunya segala apa yang diharapkan dan diprioritasnya sama, namun kenyataan yang ada di alapngan, lembaga pendidikan tinggi yang dikelola oleh yayasan atau organisasi masyarakat selalu kurang mendapat perhatian, apa yang diharapkan terkadang pula masih jauh dari harapan. Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu, akhir-akhir ini muncul sebenarnya untuk menjembatani lajunya perjalanan lembaga tersebut untuk melayani, mengontrol dan mengevaluasi keberadaan lembaga tersebut. Kebutuhan lembaga ini tentunya harus mendapat dukungan oleh civitas akademika. Visi misi lembaga pendidikan yang dicanangkaan dan diharapkan oleh yayasan atau ormas yang menangani lembaga pendidikan, harus dapat dilihat bilamana Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu berjalan dengan baik. Begitu juga control yang dilakukan oleh pemerintah melalui Badan Akreditas Nasional Perguruan Tingngi (BAN PT) menjadi kebutuhan lembaga / instansi, karena melalui assesmen keberadaan lembaga tersebut layak mendapatkan pengakuan secara nasional, dengan harapan masyarakat pengguna tidak mengalami kekecewaan saat menempuh proses pendidikan.

 Kata Kunci : PTAIS , Lembaga Penjaminan Mutu, dan BAN PT.
Peranan Wakaf Produktif Pemuda Muhammadiyah Untuk Kesejahteraan Warga Desa Longkeyang, Bodeh, Pemalang
Authors: Bakhri Amirul
Published: July 2017

Abstract

One of the forms of worship to draw closer to Allah SWT related to property is donated. waqf istismari also called productive waqf, waqf property that is used for investment purposes, whether in agriculture, industry, trade, and services. This endowment is growing problems in the village Longkeyang, where the youth of Longkeyang attempted endowment for the welfare of citizens. In 2006, approximately 10 people from the youth of the Longkeyang together activists AMM (Angkatan Muda Muhammadiyah) began a new initiative is to create a new institution that was later (in 2010) was named after the Badan Pekerja Pengembangan Ranting Muhammadiyah (BP2RM). (1) The first step movement endowment productive Muhammadiyah Youth in Longkeyang namely (a) the anxiety of citizens and youth of the organization is stagnant and also go hand in hand some scholars who died, so no worries "if shortly Muhammadiyah in Longkeyang will run out" as the scorn of other people. (B) Establish Badan Pekerja Pengembangan Ranting Muhammadiyah (BP2RM) Longkeyang village. (C) Movement Endowments Endowments coins For Productive. The two (2) Management of communal ownership of productive Youth in Longkeyang namely (a) From the collected coins donated land and then bought 1,500 m maximized as initial capital. (B) The existing endowments worked together to reduce the cost of key crops albasia timber, then the cost of treatment using the results of intercropping banana plants. The third (c) In the future, earning endowment will be managed by the sharing system, since from 2006 to 2010 the endowment of productive trees used for the expansion of land. (3) The Role of Waqf Productive Youth Welfare Citizens For The Longkeyang namely (a) The results of this productive endowments, are not significant, but citizens can already feel as waqf land managers and also from the results of the banana crop intercropping. (B) Some of the programs that have resulted from the productive management of waqf endowments suppl shroud support fund for volunteers who want to stay.

Keywords: Endowments, Awqaf Productive, Youth of Muhammadiyah.
Pluralitas Masyarakat dalam Islam
Authors: Widodo Joko
Published: July 2017

Abstract

Plurality is a fact and can not be denied in society, Islam as a moderate religion, which a justice, and always invites people to facilitate religious and possess compassion for fellow human beings. Islam rejects the conservative attitudes, opacity, and setbacks. On the other hand, Islam also rejects definitively all forms of oppression, hostility, murder, and destruction (on behalf of unifying the Ummah). All humans in the natural world was created from the same origin. No excess of one than the other, but the most good in the discharge of its functions sebagimana caliph of God on earth, which is more useful for humanity, and the most piety to Allah SWT. Differences of race and nation merely as a sign and identity in social life of society. Islam recognizes the plurality, as in Q.S. Al-Hujurat verse; 13. Islam recognizes the differences in nation, tribe, ethnicity and language. This diversity can not be deleted. But Islam is able to cope with this diversity or differences.

Kata Kunci: Pluralitas Masyarkat, Islam
Wastewater pond systems using chemical precipitation (fellings dams): state of the art in Sweden
Authors: Hanaeus J. , Hanaeus Å.
Published: July 2017

Chemical precipitation in wastewater stabilization ponds – in Scandinavia called fellings dams – has been in operation for more than 50 years. Slaked lime and aluminium salts are the most common chemicals used for precipitation. Long and narrow forms of the ponds and a detention time of at least 5 days have shown, even at a low water temperature and below an ice cover, to produce an average effluent quality of 70 mg CODCr/l, 0.2 mg Tot-P/l, 20 mg Tot-N/l (CODCr: chemical oxygen demand; Tot-P: total phosphorus; Tot-N: total nitrogen) and low levels of pathogenic bacteria. The systems use low amounts of energy and no wastewater is by-passed at the plants. Fellings dams have recently been tried to support overloaded wastewater collection systems.
Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration (FTLD): Review and Update for Clinical Neurologists
Authors: Hernandez Isabel , Fernandez Maria-Victoria , Tarraga Lluis , Boada Merce , Ruiz Agustín
Published: July 2017

Background:

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) is a heterogeneous group of disorders and the
second most frequent cause of early onset dementia making it the highest number of inherited cases.

Review Summary: FTD is characterized by considerable variability in clinical, genetic and histopathologic
features. Patients may present symptoms ranging from behavioural disturbances to different
language disorders, with or without motor neuron disorders or associated parkinsonism. Atrophy in frontal
and temporal lobes is the most relevant radiological finding. In the last 10 years, the knowledge of
this clinical entity has undergone remarkable changes both genetically and histopathologically, which
have served to establish more consistent clinical criteria. Until now, 10 genes causative of FTLD have
been described and up to four different proteins causative of atrophy have been detected in aggregates.

Conclusion:

This review is mostly addressed to clinicians and aims to provide basic knowledge of these
neurodegenerative disorders and clarify the complex FTD scenario.
Effect of Number of Bifunctional Chelating Agents on the Pharmacokinetics and Immunoreactivity of 177Lu-labeled Rituximab: A Systemic Study
Authors: Guleria Mohini , Das Tapas , Kumar Chandan , Sharma Rohit , Amirdhanayagam Jeyachitra , Sarma Haladhar D. , Dash Ashutosh
Published: July 2017

Objective: Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have been radiolabeled with a variety of radioisotopes
utilizing various kinds of bi-functional chelating agents (BFCAs) with an aim to develop suitable agents for
radioimmunotherapy. The number of BFCA moieties present per antibody molecule plays a significant role in
determining the pharmacokinetics and immunoreactivity exhibited by the radiolabeled antibodies. The objective
of the present study is to evaluate the effect of the number of BFCA moieties present per antibody molecule on
the pharmacokinetics and immunoreactivity of the 177Lu-labeled Rituximab.

Methods:

Three different mAb-BFCA conjugates were prepared using different molar ratios of Rituximab
(mAb) to p-NCS-benzyl-DOTA (BFCA) viz. 1:5, 1:10 and 1:50 employing different reaction conditions.
Studies were carried out to determine the average number of BFCAs attached per mAb molecule. All the three
mAb-BFCA conjugates were labeled with 177Lu(III) and were subsequently evaluated in normal Swiss mice to
ascertain their respective pharmacokinetic behavior. In-vitro studies were also performed in Raji cell lines (human
burkitt's lymphoma) for determining the effect of increasing number of BFCAs attached per mAb molecule
on the immunoreactivity of the resultant 177Lu-labeled mAb-BFCA complexes.

Results:

177Lu-labeled mAb-BFCA complex prepared corresponding to 1:50 mAb to BFCA ratio exhibited the
least non-specific uptake and rapid clearance from majority of the organs, but also exhibited least immunoreactive
fraction (IRF = 19.37%). On the other hand, 177Lu-labeled mAb-BFCA complex prepared corresponding
to 1:5 mAb to BFCA ratio exhibited the highest non-specific uptake and slower clearance pattern, but
highest IRF (71.17%). 177Lu-labeled mAb-BFCA complex prepared corresponding to 1:10 mAb:BFCA ratio
exhibited intermediate pharmacokinetic behaviour with moderate IRF (53.05%).

Conclusions:

The present study indicates that antibody to BFCA ratio plays a crucial role in determining the
immunoreactivity and pharmacokinetic behavior of the radiolabeled antibodies and must be prudently chosen
for their successful therapeutic application.
The Spectrum of Familial Hypercholesterolemia (FH) in Saudi Arabia: Prime Time for Patient FH Registry
Authors: Alallaf Faisal , H.Nazar Fatima Amanullah , Alnefaie Majed , Almaymuni Adel , Rashidi Omran Mohammed , Alhabib Khalid , Alnouri Fahad , Alama Mohamed-Nabil , Athar Mohammad , Awan Zuhier
Published: July 2017

Background:

Familial hypercholesterolemia (FH) is a life-threatening inherited condition. Untreated patients have the risk to develop raised plasma levels of cholesterol, atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease (CVD). If diagnosed and treated early in life, the pathological consequences due to atherosclerosis could be avoided and patients with FH can have an anticipated normal life. Mounting evidence suggests that FH is underdiagnosed and undertreated in all populations. The underlying molecular basis of FH is the presence of mutations in one or more genes in the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), apolipoprotein B (APOB) or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9). However, their prevalence is largely unknown in Saudi Arabia but given the high rates of consanguinity, the prevalence appears to be higher. Furthermore, the high prevalence of obesity and diabetes mellitus in Saudi Arabia increases the vascular disease burden in FH cases by adding additional CVD risk factors.

Objective:

This article explores the spectrum of FH-causing mutations in the highly consanguineous Saudi community, the need for establishing the Saudi FH registry, the challenges in creating gene databases, and cascade screening.

Conclusion:

The establishment of FH registry and genetic testing should raise awareness not only among healthcare professionals, but the general population as well. It also helps to provide the best treatment regimen in a cost effective manner to this under-recognised population of FH patients.
The Added Value of Postoperative Axial Imaging in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Alassaf Nabil , Abuhaimed Joud , Almahmoud Nouf , Binkhulaif Rawan
Published: July 2017

Background:

Redislocation is a dreaded complication after reduction of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in young children. While early detection facilitates urgent reoperation, delayed revisions are more complicated. Despite the weak evidence, an axial postoperative imaging tool is recommended. This study’s goal is to compare the effectiveness of conventional pelvic radiography alone and axial imaging.

Methods:

Data were collected retrospectively between 2012 and 2016. One study group comprised consecutive patients who had operative reduction followed by routine low-dose computed tomography (CT). Hips that had anteroposterior pelvic radiographs as the only confirmatory tool were used as a reference group.

Results:

We identified 241 patients (339 hips). The mean age and follow up were 19.6 months ± 9.3, and 15.5 months ± 11.1, respectively. There were 147 hips in the radiography group and 192 in the CT group. Radiography detected only three out of nine redislocations during the same admission; in contrast, 2/2 redislocations in the routine CT group were addressed before hospital discharge (p<0.01). There was no significant delay in hospital discharge when CT was used (p= 0.28).

Conclusion:

Conventional radiography is not as effective as axial imaging in preventing late detection of redislocation.

Level of Evidence:

level III, Diagnostic Study.
Effect of COD/N Ratio on Removal Performances in Two Subsurface Wastewater Infiltration Systems
Authors: Fei Hexin , Pan Jing , Tong Deli , Huang Linli , Yu Long , Sun Yafei , Qi Shiyue , Huang Yaoyao
Published: July 2017

Dissolved oxygen (DO), were investigated. Aerobic conditions were effectively developed in 50 cm depth of the matrix and anoxic or anaerobic conditions were not changed in 80 and 110 cm depth by intermittent aeration, which encouraged nitrification. Increased influent COD/N ratio led to lower COD and nitrogen removal in conventional SWISs. Sufficient carbon source in high COD/N ratio influent promoted denitrification with intermittent aeration. High removal rates of COD (95.68 ± 0.21%), TP (92.02 ± 0.28%), ‐N (99.33 ± 0.05%), and ‐ (89.65 ± 0.6%) were obtained with influent COD/N ratio of 12 in aerated SWISs. Under the COD/N ratio of 12 and 18, intermittent aeration boosted the growth and reproduction of nitrifying bacteria and denitrifying bacteria. Meanwhile, nitrate and nitrite reductase activities with intermittent aeration were higher than that without aeration in 80 and 110 cm depths.
Sludge Reduction in the Activated Sludge Process Strengthened by Enhanced Ozonation Oxidation
Authors: Chen Yingwen , Zhang Wei , Feng Yangyang , Huang Qiong , Shen Shubao
Published: July 2017

A novel radial‐axial mixer and microbubble ozone reactor for enhancing sludge disintegration was designed. In the batch studies, the new reactor was shown to be significantly effective in improving sludge disintegration and increasing ozone utilization. For ozone dosages of 0.02 to 0.3 gO3/gTSS (total suspended solids) at pH = 10, the average sludge disintegration ratio was more than 17 ± 0.83% higher than that of the conventional reactor. An activated sludge process coupled with discharged sludge ozonated was run for 60 days to evaluate the influence of ozonated sludge feeding on the sludge yield coefficient and effluent quality. Although the effluent chemical oxygen demand (COD) and suspended solids (SS) increased slightly, these values were well below the discharge limit. Furthermore, a sludge reduction efficiency of 95% was attained. The experimental results indicated that the combination of sludge ozonation with the activated sludge process could generate a high quality of effluent and a small sludge yield.
Marrying Step Feed with Secondary Clarifier Improvements to Significantly Increase Peak Wet Weather Treatment Capacity: An Integrated Methodology
Authors: Daigger Glen T. , Siczka John S. , Smith Thomas F. , Frank David A. , McCorquodale J. A.
Published: July 2017

The need to increase the peak wet weather secondary treatment capacity of the City of Akron, Ohio, Water Reclamation Facility (WRF) provided the opportunity to test an integrated methodology for maximizing the peak wet weather secondary treatment capacity of activated sludge systems. An initial investigation, consisting of process modeling of the secondary treatment system and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis of the existing relatively shallow secondary clarifiers (3.3 and 3.7 m sidewater depth in 30.5 m diameter units), indicated that a significant increase in capacity from 416 000 to 684 000 m3/d or more was possible by adding step feed capabilities to the existing bioreactors and upgrading the existing secondary clarifiers. One of the six treatment units at the WRF was modified, and an extensive 2‐year testing program was conducted to determine the total peak wet weather secondary treatment capacity achievable. The results demonstrated that a peak wet weather secondary treatment capacity approaching 974 000 m3/d is possible as long as secondary clarifier solids and hydraulic loadings could be separately controlled using the step feed capability provided. Excellent sludge settling characteristics are routinely experienced at the City of Akron WRF, raising concerns that the identified peak wet weather secondary treatment capacity could not be maintained should sludge settling characteristics deteriorate for some reason. Computational fluid dynamics analysis indicated that the impact of the deterioration of sludge settling characteristics could be mitigated and the identified peak wet weather secondary treatment capacity maintained by further use of the step feed capability provided to further reduce secondary clarifier solids loading rates at the identified high surface overflow rates. The results also demonstrated that effluent limits not only for total suspended solids (TSS) and five‐day carbonaceous biochemical oxygen demand (cBOD5) could be maintained, but also for ammonia‐nitrogen and total phosphorous (TP). Although hydraulic limitations in other parts of the WRP prevent this full capacity to be realized, the City is proceeding to implement the modifications identified using this integrated methodology.
Effects of Flow Fluctuation on Dilution and Spreading in a Self‐Affine Fracture
Authors: Dou Zhi , Zhou Zhifang , Guo Qiaona , Lu Xiaohui
Published: July 2017

In this work, the spreading and dilution (mixing) processes of the miscible compound were analyzed numerically by three‐dimensional Lattice Boltzmann Method (LBM) at a pore scale in a non‐uniform flow field. The authors proposed an aperture‐related dilution index to quantify the local dilution process in the different aperture regions. The results showed that the fluctuation of the compound spreading caused by the flow fluctuation depended on both the aqueous diffusivity and the frequency of the flow fluctuation. The flow fluctuation increased remarkably the original dilution index when the aqueous diffusivity of the miscible compound was relatively low. However, the analysis of the aperture‐related dilution index showed that the degree of the dilution in smaller aperture regions was less than that in larger aperture regions, indicating that there was more incomplete dilution (mixing) in the smaller aperture region.
Chromosomal and Nuclear Alterations in the Root Tip Cells of Vicia faba Induced by Sodium Chloride
Authors: Souguir Dalila , Abd‐Alla Howaida Ibrahim , Hörmann Georg , Hachicha Mohamed
Published: July 2017

Despite the well‐known toxic effect of chloride sodium (NaCl), only few studies analyze its genotoxic effect on crops. Micronucleus assay is an efficient tool for the measure of chromosomal DNA damages. Based on this test, the effects of salt on micronucleus induction, and on chromosome and nucleus changes, were investigated in Vicia faba root tips treated with NaCl (electrical conductivity = 25 dS/m) during 24 hours. V. faba meristematic cells showed a significant increase in the number of micronuclei compared with the control. Micronucleus size varied from small to large and appeared at different stages of mitosis. Moreover, different chromosomal aberrations like breaks, bridges, rings, vagrant, and lagging chromosomes, were observed in the metaphase, the anaphase, and the telophase. In addition, nuclear alterations in the interphase were characterized by the presence of binucleated cells, strap nuclei with lesions, hyperchromasia, buds, and nuclei with irregular shapes and lesions.
Considering Students’ Cost of a Dental Education: Return on Investment and Debt to Income Ratio
Authors: Formicola Allan J.
Published: July 2017

The cost for students of a dental education has become an issue of concern. This article explores the return on investment and the debt to income ratio of studying dentistry. These two measures are monitored to gain perspective on whether the cost of education pays off in earnings. The factors underlying these measures and a discussion of them are included. The purpose of this article is to focus attention on one of the current issues facing dental schools in the United States. This article was written as part of the project “Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century.”
Looking Back to Move Ahead: Interprofessional Education in Dental Education
Authors: Hamil Lindsey M.
Published: July 2017

Interprofessional education (IPE) is a widely recognized and critical component of dental and health professions education and is included in two of the predoctoral education standards required by the Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA). Following a review of the literature on the state of IPE education in U.S. dental education programs, this article revisits six institutions identified in previous research as exemplars successfully implementing IPE on their campuses. Interviews were conducted with leaders at the following programs: Columbia University, Medical University of South Carolina, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, University of Florida, University of Minnesota, and Western University of Health Sciences. Strengths and weakness of IPE in dental education are discussed, along with opportunities for the future including reducing barriers to scheduling, increasing intraprofessional education, and consistent outcomes assessment. The article concludes with lessons learned by administrators and suggestions for improving incorporation of these requirements into predoctoral dental education programs by emphasizing the importance of IPE and dentistry's role in overall health. This article was written as part of the project “Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century.”
Are Dental Schools Part of the Safety Net?
Authors: Bailit Howard L.
Published: July 2017

This article examines the current safety net activities of dental schools and reviews strategies by which schools could care for more poor and low‐income patients. The primary data come from the annual Survey of Dental Education, a joint American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and American Dental Association (ADA) activity. The analyses use descriptive statistics and are intended to give ballpark estimates of patients treated under varying clinical scenarios. Some 107.4 million people are underserved in comparison to utilization rates for middle‐income Americans. In 2013–14, pre‐ and postdoctoral students treated about 1,176,000 disadvantaged patients. This is an estimate; the actual value may be 25% above or below this number. The impact of potential strategies for schools to provide more care to poor and low‐income patients are discussed; these are larger class size, more community‐based education, a required one‐year residency program, and schools’ becoming part of publicly funded safety net clinics. While dental schools cannot solve the access problem, they could have a major impact if the payment and delivery strategies discussed were implemented. This article was written as part of the project “Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century.”
The Effect of New Oral Care Technologies on the Need for Dentists in 2040
Authors: Milgrom Peter M. , Horst Jeremy A.
Published: July 2017

This article addresses changes in technology of oral self‐care or professional care that may increase or decrease the demand for dentists by 2040. The focus is on dental caries, periodontitis, and temporomandibular joint disorders (TMD), as the first two are the main areas of current practice and because TMD is an area for growth. To address this question, the authors examined the scientific literature and government registries to identify recent or soon‐to‐be‐available technologies. They also examined the state of translational efficiency, dissemination, and adoption of advances into dental practice. The pipeline of applicable technology is limited. Nevertheless, between now and 2040, emerging technologies will continue to reduce the need for training more dentists, while no technologies are emerging that will significantly increase the need. Technology in dentistry is adopted slowly as is true in other medical specialties. If a breakthrough product did appear, the results of industry‐sponsored trials would be viewed skeptically by the profession, and considerable time would be required to establish the applicability of the findings to the broader population. Greater integration of dentistry into preventive medicine, with dentists offering point‐of‐service medical testing for systemic disease as suggested by the American Dental Association (ADA), would require a paradigm shift, can occur only over a lengthy period, and is unlikely to impact this assessment. This article was written as part of the project “Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century.”
Estimating the Number of Dentists Needed in 2040
Authors: Eklund Stephen A. , Bailit Howard L.
Published: July 2017

Numerous factors that underlie the need for dentists are undergoing significant changes. Three factors are especially important: 1) improvements in oral health; 2) lower expenditures per patient per year, giving dentists the incentive to treat more patients to maintain incomes that justify their investment in dental education and practice; and 3) dental schools’ producing new dentists at a faster rate than the growth in the population. If these trends continue, there is likely to be a dentist surplus of between 32% and 110% by 2040. A major challenge for dental schools is to adjust the production of dentists before 2040 and not wait for market forces to reduce the surplus. Whether there will be a painful market‐based solution to the problem, as there was in the 1980s, or whether a more orderly path can be found is one of the key challenges of the project “Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century,” for which this article was written.
NILAI-NILAI KARAKTER YANG TERKANDUNG DALAM DOLANAN ANAK PADA FESTIVAL DOLANAN ANAK SE-DIY 2013
Authors: Herawati Enis Niken
Published: July 2017

Tujuan jangka panjang diadakannya Festifal Dolanan Anak adalah pengenalan dan pelestarian dolanan anak agar tetap berkembang  di masyarakat, setidaknya dikenal dengan baik oleh generasi muda. Penelitian ini memiliki dua tujuan yakni 1) menjelaskan bentuk penyajian dolanan anak pada festifal dolanan anak DIY tahun 2013. Hasil yang diperoleh berupa bentuk atau wujud dolanan dan aturan mainnya, 2) menjelaskan nilai karakter yang terkandung di dalam dolanan anak pada festifal dolanan anak yang terinci dalam nilai afektif, kognitif, dan psikomotorik. Sesungguhnya nilai yang terdapat dalam dolanan anak sangat beragam. Kaitannya dengan seni pertunjukkan yang mengedepankan wiraga, wirasa, dan wirama maka nilai dalam dolanan diarahkan dalam bentuk afektif, kognitif, dan psikomotorik. Data penelitian ini berupa deskriptif kualitatif yaitu menjelaskan data temuan melalui kata-kata bukan angka. PEngumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara observasi, wawancara, studi pustaka. Nilai karakter dapat digali dengan cara pemaknaan secara induksi, emnggunakan kamus untuk mengartikan kata-kata yang terdapat dalam lirik lagu. Sementara untuk gerakan dolanan anak digunakan teori semiotic (non verbal) dalam pemaknaannya. Tiap  gerakan dari dolanan anak adalah  interpretasi dari bentuk dolanan itu sendiri Hasil dari penelitian yaitu temuan nilai karakter dari tiap-tiap dolanan anak. Dolanan anak Cublak-cublk uwung memiliki nilai karakter setidaknya ada nilai kerjasama, keproaktifam, nilai keresponsifan, nilai kreatif dan nilai kecermatan.  Jamuran memiliki sekurang-kurangnya nilai kerjasama, nilai kreatifitas, dan nilai tanggung jawab. Sementara untuk dolanan Ancak-ancak Alis memiliki nilai karakter seperti nilai kerjasama, nilai kecermatan dan nilai ketekunan.
SENI YANG ABSOLUT MENURUT G.W.F. HEGEL (1770-1831)
Authors: Sunarto -
Published: July 2017

Ungkapan Hegel “yang benar itu yang menyeluruh (absolut)” berlaku juga dalam seni. Seni mengungkapkan seluruh realitas yang fenomena, suatu kesatuan rasional dan realitas, kesatuan bentuk dan materi. Persepsi Hegel tentang seni tidak lepas dari konsep historisitas. Hegel memperlihatkan realitas  sejarah seni dalam suatu tiga garis besar historis: Seni Timur (yang memperlihatakan kesan simbolis); Seni Klasik (seni Yunani dan Romawi, yang menampilkan suatu harmoni dan keseimbangan antara bentuk dan materi); Seni Romantik (kondisi seni ketika zaman Hegel, di sini Hegel mengatakan bahwa apa yang tersembunyi [batin] mempunyai kekuatan lebih daripada yang tampak [lahir]). Hegel memberikan contoh: Seni  Timur yang simbolis diperlihatkan dalam bentuk arsitektur; Seni Klasik menampilkan keseimbangan bentuk dan materi yang tertuang dalam karya lukis; dan puncak dari itu semua adalah Seni Romantik, yang diperlihatkan dalam musik.
PELANGGARAN WAYANG TERHADAP AGAMA DAN SOLUSINYA
Authors: Mukti Muh.
Published: July 2017

Wayang dalam perspektif agama Islam selama ini selalu dipandang positif oleh masyarakat umum bisa mengantarkan mamusia sampai pada Penciptanya, tetapi tidak demikian  oleh orang  alim, wayang dianggap sebagai pelanggaran terhadap agama Islam karena tidak bisa mengantarkan manusia sampai pada Penciptanya, hingga harus diberi solusinya.  Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk menyampaikan pelanggaran wayang terhadap agama Islam, serta solusinya agar bisa mengantarkan manusia sampai pada Penciptranya. Pelanggaran wayang terhadap agama Islam,  pertama  wayang bukanlah dakwah, kedua bukan taklim, ketiga bukan ibadah, hingga tidak bisa mengantarkan manusia sampai pada Penciptanya, Adapun Solusinya, wayang harus disambungkan dengan dakwah khuruj fii sabiilillaah.tiga hari, empatpuluh hari, atau empat bulan.
UPAYA PENINGKATAN HASIL BELAJAR PIANO 2 MELALUI METODE SIGHT READING DI JURUSAN PENDIDIKAN SENI MUSIK FBS UNY
Authors: Rusdewanti Panca Putri
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar Piano 2 melalui metode sight reading di Jurusan Pendidikan Seni Musik FBS UNY. Jenis penelitian ini dapat diklasifikasikan sebagai penelitian tindakan kelas dalam dua siklus. Yang setiap siklusnya terdiri (a) perencanaan/persiapan, (b) tindakan, (c) pengamatan, (d) refleksi. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah mahasiswa Jurusan Pendidikan Seni Musik yang mengambil mata kuliah Piano 2 sejumlah 20 orang. Tahapan penelitian, yaitu (a) pretest  sebagai alat ukur kemampuan awal mahasiswa, (b) post test sebagai evaluasi hasil akhir mahasiswa. Teknik analisis data meliputi analisis secara kuantitatif berupa data ordinal yang dianalisis menggunakan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan hasil sebagai berikut. (1) Siklus I sebanyak 10 dari 20 mahasiswa telah tuntas belajar atau 50% dan mahasiswa yang belum tuntas belajar sebanyak 10 mahasiswa atau 50%. (2)  Siklus II sebanyak 17 dari 20 mahasiswa telah tuntas belajar atau 85% . Jika dilihat dari  data diatas maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode sight reading  dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar mata kuliah Piano 2  semeter genap tahun ajaran 2013/2014 jurusan pendidikan seni musik FBS  UNY.
EFEKTIVITAS PERLAKUAN BERNYANYI UNTUK MENGURANGI PERILAKU MELTDOWN/TEMPER TANTRUMPADA REMAJA AUTIS
Authors: Nababan Perdinan
Published: July 2017

Penelitian ini dilakukan untulk mengkaji efektivitas perlakuan  pengaruh bertujuan untuk mengurangi perilaku meltdown/temper tantrum,pada remaja autis dengan memberikan perlakuan bernyanyi melalui desain eksperimen subjek tunggal ABA.   Pada penelitian ini menggunakan teori  copingdalam strategi  emotion-focused coping, dimana perlakuan bernyanyi dijadikan media bagi penyandang autis untuk pengalihan emosi negatif menjadi positif sehingga perilaku  meltdown/temper tantrum menjadi berkurang.   Subjek penelitian seorang remaja perempuan penyandang autis yang berusia 16 tahun memiliki perilaku  meltdown/temper tantrumyang khas. Penelitian  ini dilakukan selama 30 kali pertemuan dengan perincian untuk  baselinesebanyak 10 kali, treatmentsebanyak 10 kali, mengulangbaselinesebanyak 10 kali. Subjek diberikan perlakuan bernyanyi selama 120 menit selama 10 kali pertemuan.   Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya penurunan perilaku  meltdown/temper tantrum  setelah diberikan perlakuan bernyanyi selama 10 kali pertemuan. pada fasebaseline1-10,sebesar 288 kemunculan perilaku, fasetreatment  1-10,kemunculan perilakusebesar 68 kemunculan perilaku, fase  mengulang baseline1-10,sebesar 105. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa  treatment  yang berupa perlakuan bernyanyi dapat digunakan untuk mengurangi perilaku meltdown/temper tantrum.
NILAI FILOSOFI MOTIF PARANG RUSAK GURDO DALAM TARI BEDHAYA HARJUNA WIWAHA
Authors: Sutiyati Endang
Published: July 2017

Tari Bedhaya Harjuna Wiwaha adalah sebuah tarian putri Jawa klasik yang adiluhung, halus, luhur, dan bercerita tentang legenda, babad, ataupun sejarah. Bedhaya sendiri bila diwujudkan dalam kehidupan manusia dapat diartikan sebagai lambang arah mata angin, arah kedudukan planet-planet dalam kehidupan alam semesta dan lambang lubang hawa dalam tubuh manusia sebagai kelengkapan hidup atau dalam bahasa jawa disebut babadan hawa sanga yaitu diwakili oleh dua buah mata, dua buah lubang hidung, satu mulut, dua kuping, satu lubang kemaluan, dan satu lubang pelepasan. Ciri khas tari Bedhaya Harjuna Wiwaha adalah para penari yang berjumlah Sembilan orang. Mereka biasanya terlihat hampir sama dan terlihat sangat cantik, anggun, dan bersinar karena menggunakan rias wajah Paes Ageng seperti pada mempelai putri pengantin Jawa, komposisi make up dimulai pada dahi dengan diberi paesan berwarna hitam dan di atasnya diberi hiasan kinjengan lalu disekelilingnya diberi lapisan garis prada kemudian alisnya dibentuk manjangan ranggah, ditambah dengan rias jahitan untuk kelopak mata, serta wajikan di tengah dahi. Unsur visual dan makna simbolis pada tari Bedhaya Harjuna Wiwaha ini adalah pemakaian batik motif Parang Rusak Sawat Gurdo .Gurdo adalah motif batik dengan gambar garuda.Garuda sebagai lambang matahari, dipandang sebagai sumber kehidupan yang utama, sekaligus ia merupakan lambang kejantanan, dan diharapkan agar selalu menerangi kehidupan umat manusia di dunia. Parang mempunyai arti perang atau menyingkirkan segala yang rusak, atau melawan segala macam godaan.Motif ini mengajarkan agar sebagai manusia mempunyai watak dan perilaku yang berbudi luhur sehingga dapat mengendalikan segala godaan dan nafsu.Corak-corak tersebut hadir dan digunakan dalam seni pertunjukan tari keraton bukan sekedar hadir sebagai ragam hias. Corak-corak tersebut dalam hal ini adalah corak larangan, yang merupakan corak ungkapan visual yang lahir dari kerangka pikiran tradisional masyarakat Jawa, yang merupakan kumulasi dari filsafat kejawen dan kebatinan, konsep kekuasaan, serta orientasi terhadap arah-arah mata angin yang dilatarbelakangi pandangan peredaran matahari dalam konteks ketergantungan dan pengakuan terhadap kekuatan-kekuatan alam dan Sang Pencipta.
PENGEMBANGAN VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN TARI: Sebuah Alternatif Metode Belajar Tari
Authors: Kuswarsantyo - , Kusnadi - , Agustin Titik
Published: July 2017

Pengembangan video pembelajaran tari ini  bertujuan untuk memberikan kemudahan peserta didik yang akan mempelajari tari secara mendiri (tanpa guru). Video ini dibuat dengan dua sistem. Pertama dengan iringan lengkap, dan kedua tanpa iringan (hanya dengan hitungan). Cara penggunaan video pembelajaran tari ini adalah mengacu pada konsep pembelajaran SAS (Struktur Analisa Sintesa) yang merupakan metode keunsuran yang akan memberikan kejelasan pada peserta didik dalam mengamati ragam per ragam tari yang diajarkan. Metode ini dipadu dengan metode imitasi dan demonstasi yang dilakukan guru dalam  media ini. Perpaduan metode pembelajaran tersebut  untuk memperjelas aksentuasi gerak yang dilakukan model pada pengguna media ini (peserta didik/guru). Hasil dari pengembangan  media pembelajaran melalui video ini adalah :1) peserta didik akan dimudahkan dalam menambah jam pelajaran di luar kelas ; 2) dengan media pembelajaran video ini tingkat kesalahan teknis mengenai ragam gerak dapat diminimalisir ; 3) dengan materi pembelajaran video ini akan meningkatkan kemampuan peserta didik dalam  berkespresi baik gerak, irama dan penghayatan tarinya.
KESENIAN LARAS MADYA SEBAGAI MATERI PELAJARAN SENI BUDAYA DALAM LIMA ORIENTASI NILAI PENDIDIKAN GAGE DAN BERLINER
Authors: Adzkia Sagaf Faozata
Published: July 2017

Berkaitan dengan UU Sistem Pendidikan Nasional Tahun 2003. Menuntut seni diwajibkan masuk dalam kurikulum pendidikan nasional sebagai mata pelajaran seni budaya (UU SISDIKNAS No. 20 Tahun 2003, Pasal 37). Pendidikan seni tergolong dalam pendidikan humanistik yang mencakup pendidikan nilai guna membentuk kecerdasan melalui cara berfikir yang kreatif. Gage dan Berliner menjelaskan lima orientasi nilai dalam pendidikan seni yang harus mengarah pada peningkatan nilai kepribadian, kecakapan hidup, kreativitas dan kognisi, meningkatkan rasa keingin tahuan, dan dapat menimbulkan kepekaan (Brian Hill, 1999:1). Kesenian Laras Madya sebuah perpaduan budaya Islam Jawa yang syarat dengan kandungan nilai, akan berguna bagi perkembangan karakter personal. Kesenian Laras Madya relevan untuk diaplikasikan dalam dunia pendidikan sebagai salah satu materi pelajaran seni budaya dalam pendidikan formal yang memenuhi lima orientasi nilai Gage dan Berliner. Tiga pembahasan dalam penulisan ini diantaranya deskripsi kesenian Laras Madya, relevansi kesenian Laras Madya sebagai materi pelajaran seni budaya, dan Laras Madya dalam lima orientasi nilai pendidikan Gage dan Berliner. Sebagai upaya pelestarian budaya dan pendukung kemajuan pendidikan di Indonesia.
RANCANG BANGUN MUSIK ANGKLUNG MODEL SATB, DASAR ARANSEMEN MODEL ORCHESTRA
Authors: Pradoko Susilo , Priyanto Wien Pudji
Published: July 2017

Penciptaan karya seni angklung model SATB-SP ini merupakan karya seni guna mengembangkan permainan dan teknik bermnain angklung sebagai warisan budaya tak  benda UNESCO. Karya ini memiliki tujuan memadukan teori ilmu harmoni 4 suara seta sistem tuts piano untuk bermain angklung sehingga hanya dengan 4 orang pemain sudah mampu menghasilkan bunyi/suara harmoni sekualitas permainan orchestra. Metode dalam penciptaan karya seni angklung SATB-SP ini dengan metode penelitian dan pengembangan  (Research and development) dengan modifikasi pada bagian revisi penciptaan karya seni dan pementasan serta produksi masal diganti dengan publikasi masal. Hasil penciptaan karya seni angklung SATB-SP adalah sebagai beriokut: (1)  Semua aransemen paduan SATB dapat dimainkan dengan angklung SATB-SP, (2) Aransemen paduan suata sejenis, paduan suara anak dapat dimainkan dengan angklung SATB-SP, (3) Cara memainkannya mudah, satu orang bisa memainkan 3 nada atau akor, (4) Angklung SATB-SP ini dapat digabungkan dengan Symphonic Orchestra, (5) Angklung SATB-SP juga dapat digabungkan dengan musik Band dan musik tradisional lainnya seperti Gejog Lesung, (6) Alat musik ini dapat diasambelkan dengan alat-alat musik tradisional seperti: Kendang suling dsb (7) Dua orang pemain mampu membuat harmoni musik dua s/d enam nada anggota anggota akor, (8) Pementasan musik angklung tidak satu paket kerangka dan (9) alat musik ini dapat digunakan untuk melatif kreativitas kejeniusan melodi dan harmoni.
HAPPENING ART SEBUAH SENI PERTUNJUKAN PERLAWANAN
Authors: Sutiyono -
Published: July 2017

Dalam suatu aksi demonstrasi massa  lazim disajikan sebuah pertunjukkan  happening art.   Kajian ini betujuan untuk mendeskripsikan posisi  happening art  dalam suatu aksi demonstrasi massa. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa posisi happening art dalam aksi demonstrasi massa sebagai berikut: (1) happening art sejajar dengan seni pertunjukan lain,  karena didukung oleh   elemen-elemen pertunjukan seperti:  gerak tari, musik/iringan, durasi pertunjukan,  pemain, monolog/dialog, rias, busana, arena, dan  properti. (2)  happening art  dalam aksi demonstrasi massa merupakan teater yang secara khusus ditujukan sebagai media perlawanan,dan (3)happening art  menjadi media perlawanan karena didukung hadirnya intelektual organik, contohnya  mahasiswa
Optimizing the pure genomic DNA isolation procedure for Plectranthus amboinicus DNA – A prerequisite for further genomic Studies
Authors: Manikandan S. , Ansarali S. , Alagu Lakshmanan G.M.
Published: July 2017

The DNA isolation procedure for different plant groups have been studied and standardized.  The isolation of pure genomic DNA is the most essential component for any type of molecular studies.  The present work is aimed to identify suitable DNA markers for the amplification of P.amboinicus  DNA  becomes a great hurdle  for DNA barcoding studies carried out by rbcL and matK primers Used in the members of Lamiaceae. To solve this problem, The DNA was extracted by three methods from fresh young leaf tissue of P.amboinicus. After the evaluationthe outcome of these methods, one most suitable modified method was selected for isolating DNA from young leaves of P.amboinicus and selected for suitable DNA barcoding markers for PCR amplification. The quality and quantity of DNAs are a prerequisite for genetic studies for a variety of plants including P.amboinicus. The quantity and quality of the DNA extracted by this method wasused for suitable DNA barcoding markers selection.
Global Warming: CO2s, Temperature Rise and Solar Power Parks
Authors: Dieterlen Florent , Lane Jan-Erik
Published: July 2017

For the COP23 reunion of states and international organisations in the fall with islands state Fiji as host holds that the focus must be upon the GOAL II in the COP21 Treaty, namely decarbonisation with 30-40 per cent of 2005 levels until 2030. A few countries now meet the GOAL I of halting the rise in CO2 emissions. And the rest should be asked and helped to do so. But the GOAL II is a very big challenge. It can only be fulfilled with massive investments in solar panel parks.
Identifying Priorities in Infrastructure Investment in Portugal
Authors: Pereira Alfredo Marvão , Pereira Rui Marvão
Published: July 2017

In this paper we use a vector autoregressive approach to analyze the effects of infrastructure investment on economic performance using a newly developed data set for Portugal. Our overall goal is to identify priorities in infrastructure investments, i.e., areas of infrastructures investments with virtuous economic and budgetary effects. We find that investments in other transportation infrastructures—railroads, ports and airports—and social infrastructures—health and education infrastructures—have the largest effects with long-term multipliers of 15.00 and 8.45, respectively. Investments in road transportation—roads and freeways—and on utilities—electricity, gas, water, refineries, and telecommunications—induce much smaller effects with multipliers of 2.75 and 3.52, respectively. We also show that for other transportation and social infrastructure investments, the short-term effects are small relative to the accumulated effects and yet, in absolute terms, they exceed the long-term effects for road transportation and utilities. Finally, we show that investments in other infrastructures and in social infrastructures will pay for themselves in the form of long-term enhanced tax revenues under rather reasonable effective tax rates. Overall, we have clearly identified other transportation infrastructures and social infrastructures as the key target areas for policy intervention in this context.