bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
As redes sociais como ferramenta de relacionamento com o cliente: um estudo com foco no Instagram
Authors: Cleto Carla Emanuele Martins , Santos Andreo Leonardo Almeida dos , Soares Juliana Lima , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Pinto Júnior José Roberto Lira
Published: November 2022

O marketing de relacionamento nas mídias sociais, especificamente nas redes sociais, é uma importante ferramenta para criar vínculos com os clientes. Neste contexto, entende-se que um dos principais problemas que envolvem a presença das empresas nas mídias sociais, mais precisamente no Instagram, é a não utilização das estratégias adequadas do marketing de relacionamento. Sendo assim: como o Instagram pode ser utilizado no relacionamento entre empresa e clientes? Dessa forma, tem-se como objetivo apresentar o marketing de relacionamento no Instagram como meio de intercomunicação entre organização e consumidor. Para isso, adotou-se como metodologia a revisão bibliográfica. Como resultado, constatou-se que o Instagram permite que a empresa consiga gerar desejo de compra, propiciando uma interação entre potenciais clientes e a organização, permitindo a satisfação das necessidades dos consumidores e gerando uma boa impressão.
Simples nacional x lucro presumido e sua forma de tributação
Authors: Costa Daniel Bezerra da , Holanda Sandra Cavalcante , Roberto José Carlos Alves , Cavalcante Zuila Paulino
Published: November 2022

O presente artigo buscou realizar uma comparação tributária entres os regimes Simples Nacional e Lucro Presumido, demonstrando e explicando suas aplicações em relação ao pagamento de tributos, com foco em empresas iniciantes prestadoras de serviços. Para tanto, adotou-se como questão norteadora: Simples Nacional ou Lucro Presumido, qual é o regime de tributação mais vantajoso para empresas iniciantes prestadoras de serviços? Tendo como objetivo geral demonstrar a relevância da escolha do regime de tributação mais vantajoso para o bom desempenho da empresa, em relação ao pagamento de tributos, através dos cálculos e tabelas demonstrativas. Logo, quanto à metodologia, este artigo, de natureza qualitativa, baseou-se em uma pesquisa bibliográfica, utilizando-se dos métodos descritivo e explicativo. Nesse aspecto, por meio desta pesquisa, foi possível ampliar a compreensão e, sobretudo, demonstrar ao futuro empreendedor a relevância da escolha de um regime de tributação que o possibilite pagar menos impostos e, sobretudo, contribuir para o esclarecimento, o entendimento e a compreensão dos regimes de tributação Simples Nacional e Lucro Presumido.
A bioética na atuação da enfermagem relacionada aos cuidados paliativos com o paciente terminal
Authors: Costa Simone Angélica Alves de Souza
Published: November 2022

Este artigo traz um estudo a respeito da bioética na enfermagem relacionada ao complexo cuidado ao paciente em fase terminal. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se a importância da proximidade da enfermagem com o doente, a fim de estabelecer cuidados técnicos e vínculos éticos que conferem conforto e menos sofrimento ao paciente. Porém, nem sempre a enfermagem consegue agregar o cuidado técnico ao cuidado ético, pois muitas vezes conserva-se uma conduta que simplesmente utiliza a técnica pela técnica, baseada somente em normas e tradições, sem focar, principalmente, no tratamento que une a técnica à postura mais ética e humanizada. A partir destas premissas, este estudo tem a seguinte questão norteadora: qual a importância e relação da bioética na atuação da enfermagem relacionada aos cuidados paliativos com o paciente terminal? Nesse contexto, considera-se que a bioética seja cada vez mais necessária, sendo vista como artefato em potencial para melhorar o atendimento e o cuidado ao paciente. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste artigo é analisar a importância e relação da bioética na atuação da enfermagem relacionada aos cuidados paliativos com o paciente terminal. Para tanto, foi utilizada a pesquisa bibliográfica por meio de revisão da literatura, utilizando-se livros e periódicos publicados em bases de dados abertos disponíveis em meios eletrônicos, selecionados autores cujos textos abordam a temática. Os estudos realizados demonstraram que existe uma necessidade urgente de abordar a bioética como ciência de maneira precoce e com maior visibilidade nos cursos de graduação em enfermagem. Tal fato se dá por ainda haver posturas tradicionais na enfermagem limitadas pelo desconhecimento das nuances da bioética e sua aplicação nos cuidados paliativos e humanizados para pacientes terminais e suas famílias. Assim, conclui-se que a bioética é um assunto tão necessário e urgente, pois ficou evidente que muitos enfermeiros e enfermeiras ainda precisam compreender que a bioética é um dos principais elos entre a enfermagem, o paciente terminal e a família.
News Discourse Analysis of Sexual Violence Causing Women to Commit Suicide in Online Media
Authors: Putri Agustina Haryani , Musfiroh Tadkiroatun
Published: November 2022

The study discusses cases of sexual violence causing women to commit suicide in online media news discourse based on Sara Mills's perspective. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach. The research data is in the form of linguistic units in news discourse on sexual violence in online media. The source of the research data is several online media that discuss the discourse of news of sexual violence to the point of causing victims to commit suicide. The collection of research data is started by reading news discourses related to research topics. Recorded data was found from reading the discourse on sexual violence news in online media. Next was constructing data, reducing data, and validating data. The results of the analysis of the four discourses on news of sexual violence that cause victims of suicide in online media show that the author and the authorities as subjects who tell, the perpetrator and the victim are shown as objects told in each of the news discourses. The reader's position on news discourse 1 and news discourse 2 is shown partiality to the victim. The reader's position on news discourse 3 and news discourse 4 is not clearly displayed, so the author can identify for himself the position in the news discourse. In addition, it was found that some linguistic units contain certain meanings that are needed in research.
Anti-inflammatory activity of Memecylon malabaricum
Authors: Gaikwad Ravindra , Nadaf Sameer , Shinde Anilkumar
Published: November 2022

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Antiproliferative effect of Memecylon malabaricum leaves methanolic extract against A-431 cell lines
Authors: Gaikwad Ravindra , Shinde Anilkumar
Published: November 2022

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Effect of thymoquinone on cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative and inflammatory ovarian damage in rat
Authors: Colluoglu Cagdas , Balci Serdar , Gundogdu Betul , Coban Taha Abdulkadir , Bulut Seval , Suleyman Halis
Published: November 2022

This study intends to investigate the effect of thymoquinone against possible ovarian damage and infertility caused by cyclophosphamide in female rats. The rats in the experiment (n=36) were separated into three groups; cyclophosphamide administered, thymoquinone plus cyclophosphamide administered and healthy control. At the end of 30 days of administration, 6 rats from each group were killed and the biochemical and histopathological examina-tions were performed on the ovarian tissues. The remaining animals were kept in the same cage with mature male rats for two months. Infertility developed in 83% of cyclophosphamide group animals. Thymoquinone attenuated cyclophosphamide-related oxidative and inflammatory ovarian damage and reduced the development of infertility. The outcomes suggest that thymoquinone may be useful in treating infertility due to oxidative and inflammatory ovarian damage.
Simultaneous detection and quantification of different biogenic amines
Authors: Kumar Vishal , Bahuguna Ashutosh , Kim Myunghee
Published: November 2022

Biogenic amines are a group of low molecular weight nitrogenous organic compounds that have an important physiological role in cell proliferation, differentiation, and signal transduction. Also, certain biogenic amines act as an important biomarker for the detection of neuroendocrine and cardiovascular disorders in humans. Besides this, the abundance of biogenic amines in food is recognized as a toxin and anti-nutritional element that have several health implications. This visual experiment demonstrates all the critical steps required for the extraction of biogenic amines followed by derivatization and high performance liquid chromatography analysis for the successive detection and quantification of biogenic amines such as histamine, cadaverine, tryptamine, agmatine, putrescine, 2-phenylethylamine, spermine, tyramine, and spermidine.
Hypomagnesemia and Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Karmakar Pijush , Jahan Iffat , Islam Md Zakirul
Published: November 2022

Diabetes mellitus (DM) has been suggested to be the most common metabolic disorder associated with several macrovascular and microvascular complications. Hypomagnesemia has been reported to occur at an increased frequency among patients with type-2 DM. Those who have poor glycemic control and longtime DM are more likely to decrease the blood magnesium (Mg) level. Mg deficit may also coexist with deficiencies of other dietary elements, such as vitamins, calcium (Ca++) and potassium (K+). Despite numerous reports linking hypomagnesemia to chronic diabetic complications, attention to this issue is poor among clinicians. This article reviews the literature on physiology & biochemistry of Mg++ diagnosis and incidence, features, causes, complications and management of hypomagnesemia in patients with type-2 DM.

EMCJ. January 2022; 7(1): 26-31
Diagnostic impact of CEA and CA 15-3 on monitoring chemotherapy of breast cancer patients
Authors: Hasan Diya
Published: November 2022

Objective: Serum tumor markers has been evolved as an effective tool to determine prognosis and treatment efficiency in different types of cancer. The aim of this study was to explore the chemotherapy monitoring efficiency and prognostic sensitivity of tumor associated cancer antigen 15-3 (CA 15-3) and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) markers in early (II) and late (IV) clinical stages of breast cancer patients.

 

Methods: CA 15-3 and CEA serum levels were assessed in 56 breast cancer patients at early II (n = 26) and late IV (n = 30) clinical stages with primary inclusion criteria: who received adjuvant chemotherapy AC (Adriamycin & Cyclophosphamide) or AC-T (Adriamycin & Cyclophosphamide followed by Taxane) regimes and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) negative by using particle enhanced turbid metric assay.

 

Results: Higher elevation of CA 15-3 as compared to CEA in pre-treatment group of breast cancer patients as compared to healthy control was observed. Late-stage patients showed higher positive serum levels as compared to early-stage one for both markers with preference of CA 15-3 over CEA. AC-T chemotherapy regime treatment in both clinical stages revealed significantly higher level of both markers as compared to AC regime with preference of CA 15-3 over CEA at late stage. Both markers levels were significantly higher in late-stage group as compared with early-stage ones for both chemotherapy regimens.

 

Conclusion: CA 15-3 is more efficient as prognostic monitoring marker in comparison with CEA and revels a positive connection between chemotherapy regime system and staging, more observed in late-stage.
Global varicella vaccination programs
Authors: Lee Young Hwa , Choe Young June , Lee Jia , Kim Eunseong , Lee Jae Young , Hong Kwan , Yoon Yoonsun , Kim Yun-Kyung
Published: November 2022

Varicella (chickenpox) is an infectious disease caused by the highly contagious varicella zoster virus with a secondary attack rate greater than 90%. From this perspective, we aimed to establish the basis for a national varicella vaccine policy by reviewing vaccination programs and policies of countries that have introduced universal varicella vaccinations. As a result of the spread of varicella, an increasing number of countries are providing 2-dose vaccinations and universally expanding their use. In practice, the efficacy and effectiveness of vaccination differ among vaccines and vaccination programs. Optimized vaccination strategies based on each country’s local epidemiology and health resources are required. Accordingly, it is necessary to evaluate the effectiveness of varicella vaccines in different settings. Given the short-term and fragmented vaccine effectiveness evaluation in Korea, it is necessary to evaluate its effectiveness at the national level and determine its schedule based on the evidence generated through these studies.
PATIENT SATISFACTION WITH INTERPERSONAL COOPERATION AND HEALTH SERVICES AT THE LEVEL OF PRIMARY AND SECONDARY HEALTH CARE
Authors: TODOROVİC Milena , SOFRANAC Sanja , VLAİSAVLJEVİC Zeljko , RAICEVIC Sasa , KOVACİC POPOVİC Anita , PELİCİC Damir , MİLJANOVİC Gora
Published: November 2022

Interprofessional cooperation and teamwork among health professionals in the health care system are crucial for improving patient satisfaction and quality of health services. The aim of the research is to examine the satisfaction of patients with interpersonal cooperation and health services provided at the level of primary and secondary health care. The research was done as a cross-sectional study and was conducted at the Niksic General Hospital and two health centers in Podgorica. The sample consisted of 154 respondents, both sexes. The research used a questionnaire for health care users designed for the purposes of this research. The questionnaire consists of a general and a specific part. Descriptive statistics measures and x2 test were used for statistical data processing. The results of the research show that there is a statistically significant correlation between gender and patient satisfaction with services χ² (2, N = 154) = 104.117, p = 0.000, as well as between age and patient satisfaction with services χ² (6, N = 154) = 139.294, p = 0.000. Understanding interpersonal cooperation is important for improving the efficiency of health care, its organization and customer satisfaction.
ANALISIS KEUNIKAN KATA DAN DIKSI PADA NOVEL DEAR NATHAN THANK YOU SALMA KARYA ERISCA FEBRIANI MENGGUNAKAN KAJIAN STILISTIKA
Authors: Ningrum Galuh Puspita , Martono Boedi , Sugiyanto Iwan
Published: November 2022

Penelitian ini membahas mengenai pengertian dan memahami tentang keunikan kata, serta diksi dalam kajian stilistika yang terdapat dalam novel Trilogi Dear Nathan Thank You Salma Karya Erisca Febriani. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) dapat mengetahui keunikan kata dalam novel Dear Nathan Thank You Salma Karya Erisca Febriani. (2) dapat mengetahui pemilihan kata (diksi) dalam novel Dear Nathan Thank You Salma Karya Erisca Febriani. Didalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif serta metode untuk penggumpulan data menggunakan metode observasi (pengamat) serta teknik catat. Pengambilan data dilakukan 25 April sampai dengan 31 Mei. Dalam data tersebut mempunyai makna atau artian yang berbedasehingga dalam kajian stilistika memungkinkan pembaca mengetahui penulis menggunakan kemungkinan yang tersedia dengan bahasa penulis sampaikan tidak harus sama namun tetap dalam alur yang sama. Karya Erisca Febriani menunjukan pembaca supaya tidak merasa jenuh dan akan lebih mudah merasakan serta membayangkan apa yang di maksudkan di dalam novel.
Implikatur Percakapan Dalam Interogasi Kepolisian Polres Kota Blitar (Sebuah Kajian Linguistik Forensik
Authors: Aini Miza Rahmatika , Mufaddahl Fajr Hauzaan Hisyam , Humam Rosid
Published: November 2022

Language is a means for speakers to express what they want to express. In this case, the language product in the form of speech can be well spoken by and well received by the speech partner. In the study of linguistics, the study is to analyze the utterances spoken by the utterances. One of these studies is implicature. Implicature examines the symbolic meaning of the language used. In the legal field, it is usually in the realm of the police to interrogate them. The study of implicatures on the language spoken by the interrogator is the realm of forensic linguistics. That is, the study of linguistics related to the field of law. The purpose of this research is to identify the implicature of language conversation in terms of symbolic meaning. Population assessment is the language used by the interrogator and those involved in the interrogation. The sample is a randomly selected interrogation at the police station. The technique of collecting data randomly using the observation method followed by the orthographic identity method was applied in this study. Data was collected using a tape recorder and orthographic transcriptions were prepared for analysis. Technical analysis of data with conversational implicatures on the principles of discourse analysis
Estimating North Atlantic right whale prey based on Calanus finmarchicus thresholds
Authors: Ross CH , Runge JA , Roberts JJ , Brady DC , Tupper B , Record NR
Published: November 2022

The planktonic copepod Calanus finmarchicus is a fundamental prey resource for the critically endangered North Atlantic right whale Eubalaena glacialis. Incorporation of prey information into E. glacialis decision support tools could improve management. Zooplankton time series are usually analyzed with respect to abundance, but predators such as E. glacialis forage based on whether prey aggregations exceed energetic thresholds. In order to better understand the distribution and dynamics of the high-abundance end of C. finmarchicus on the northeastern US continental shelf, where E. glacialis feed, we modeled the environmental conditions associated with C. finmarchicus densities that exceed nominal feeding thresholds. Threshold values were chosen based on a review of E. glacialis feeding behavior throughout the domain. Following model selection procedures, we used a random forest model with bathymetry, bottom temperature, bottom salinity, day of year, sea surface temperature, sea surface temperature gradient, bathymetric slope, time-integrated chlorophyll, current velocity gradient, and wind covariates. Model performance was highest with thresholds that matched reported E. glacialis feeding thresholds equivalent to 10000 copepods m-2. The high-density aggregations of C. finmarchicus had some different covariate responses compared to previous statistical abundance models, such as a warmer temperature range at both the surface and at depth, as well as a much higher degree of spatial variability. The output data layers of the model are designed to link with E. glacialis models used in US governmental decision support tools. Including this type of foraging information in decision support tools is a step forward in managing this critically endangered species.
Zelené ambície v podmienkach európskeho a medzinárodného práva
Authors:   Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Panigaj Juraj
Published: November 2022

Zborník príspevkov z XV. študentského sympózia z medzinárodného práva a európskeho práva konaného 22. apríla 2022 hybridnou formou za účasti študentov Právnickej fakulty Pavla Jozefa Šafárika v Košiciach a Právnickej fakulty Trnavskej univerzity v Trnave. Dňa 22.4.2022, symbolicky na deň Zeme, sa na Právnickej fakulte UPJŠ v Košiciach uskutočnil jubilejný XV. ročník študentského sympózia z medzinárodného práva a európskeho práva. Tohtoročné podujatie bolo venované čoraz pálčivejšej téme ochrany životného prostredia. Téma „Zelené ambície v podmienkach európskeho a medzinárodného práva“ oslovila nejedného študenta, výsledkom čoho bolo viacero zaujímavých príspevkov, spadajúcich ako pod právo Európskej únie, tak medzinárodné právo. Európske právo prináša v súčasnosti veľké výzvy, no aj očakávania prostredníctvom Európskej zelenej dohody. Aj preto sa viaceré študentské príspevky zaoberali práve tematikou spadajúcou pod Európsku zelenú dohodu a to či už z pohľadu jej jednotlivých iniciatív vo všeobecnosti, alebo konkrétnejšie, v intenciách Agendy 2030, či výkonu tzv. zelenej diplomacie. Druhá rovina príspevkov sa zaoberala ochranou životného prostredia v rámci medzinárodného práva. Študenti sa venovali otázkam environmentálneho charakteru v oblastiach klimatických zmien, medzinárodného morského práva, ochrany atmosféry, či otázke klimatických utečencov. Publikácia samotná je výstupom projektu APVV APVV-20-0576 „Zelené ambície pre udržateľný rozvoj (Európska zelená dohoda v kontexte medzinárodného a vnútroštátneho práva)“.
Gyulladásos markerek értékelése akut pancreatitisben
Authors: Vitális Zsuzsanna
Published: November 2022

Az akut pancreatitis a szerv steril gyulladásával kezdődik, amely, ha a szervben necrosis alakul ki, felülfertőződhet. Ez a betegek kis hányadát (5%-át) érinti, azonban súlyos betegséget jelent, és magas halálozással jár. Valószínűleg ezzel magyarázható, hogy az orvosok nagy része az infekció bizonyítása nélkül is antibiotikumkezelést indít, amely a pancreatitis kimenetelét nem javítja, ugyanakkor a felesleges antibiotikumkezelésnek számos negatív hatása van. A döntést általában a magas gyulladásos paraméterekre (C-reaktív protein, fehérvérsejtszám) és a láz jelentkezésére alapozzák, pedig ezek bármelyikét okozhatja a hasnyálmirigy steril gyulladása is. Az antibiotikum indítása előtt tisztázni kell az infekció lokalizációját, lehetőleg tenyésztést kell kérni. A pancreasnekrózis elfertőződése elsősorban a második héttől kezdve merül fel, ilyenkor a betegnek általában sokszervi elégtelensége is van. Első lépésként bizonyítani szükséges a hasnyálmirigy-necrosis tényét képalkotóval. A döntésben segít a prokalcitoninszint meghatározása. Bizonyított vagy valószínű felülfertőződés esetén széles spektrumú, a nekrotikus szövetbe penetráló antibiotikumot kell választani.
Gyulladásos bélbetegség és terhesség
Authors: Schäfer Eszter
Published: November 2022

Gyulladásos bélbeteg kezelése terhesség alatt komplex megközelítést igényel, de az adekvát, magas szintű kezeléssel elérhetjük, hogy a terhesség lefolyása zavartalan legyen. A következő cikkben szeretném összefoglalni a legfontosabb teendőket, irányelveket a fertilitással, terhességgel, szüléssel, szoptatással kapcsolatosan, amelyeket a mindennapi gyakorlatban alkalmazhatnak. Elmondható tény, hogy gyulladásos bélbetegségben szenvedő betegek szignifikánsan kevesebb gyermeket vállalnak az átlagos populációhoz képest, gyakoribb az önként vállalt gyermektelenség (17% vs. 6%), amelynek hátterében sokszor a nem megfelelő edukáció áll. Aktív gyulladásos bélbetegség a koraszülés, az alacsony születési súly és a magzati halálozás rizikóját fokozza. A metotrexát és a tofacitinib kivételével a folyamatos gyógyszeres kezelés javasolt a remisszió fenntartása céljából. A legtöbb bélbeteg kismama normál, hüvelyi szülésen eshet át. Aktív perianális betegség abszolút, az ileoanalis pouch (IPAA) relatív indikációját jelenti az elektív császármetszésnek. A szoptatás fontos az újszülöttnek, és a fenti kettő kivételével biztonságosan adhatók gyógyszerek a szoptatás alatt is.
The Role of the Gut Microbiome and its Derived Mediators in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease
Authors: Lesmana Cosmas Rinaldi A. , Syahidah Meudia , Hasan Irsan , Gan Rino A.
Published: November 2022

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become an emerging disease throughout the world. Metabolic comorbidities such as obesity (especially central obesity), diabetes, and dyslipidaemia have been established as risk factors not only for NAFLD development, but also for the disease progression. Dietary or genetic obesity has been hypothesised to induce alteration of gut microbiota, thereby causing the promotion of deoxycholic acid production in the intestinal tract. Elevated levels of deoxycholic acid can provoke senescence-associated secretory phenotype in hepatic stellate cells through enterohepatic circulation, which in turn leads to the secretion of various inflammatory and tumour-promoting factors in the liver and may further result in obesity-induced hepatocellular carcinoma. Short-chain fatty acids are mainly produced through the fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates by gut microbiota. Gut microbiota have been considered to play a role in NAFLD and its disease progression. The main end products resulting from the indigestible carbohydrate catabolism of intestinal microbes are short-chain fatty acids, constituting acetate, propionate, and butyrate. High concentrations of propionate can promote development of NAFLD, whereas acetate and butyrate can prevent the development of the disease.
Session Two: Changing the Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Management Paradigm with Fixed-Ratio Combinations
Authors: Michel Lisa
Published: November 2022

Fixed-ratio combinations, the co-administration of two injectable therapies in a formulation that can be adjusted through titration, are changing the Type 2 diabetes mellitus management paradigm. Current treatment guidelines for glucose control rely heavily on a stepwise approach; however, that can be inconsistently followed and relatively indifferent to the complex pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Fixed-ratio combinations have targeted actions that complement other treatments. Basal insulin plus a glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonist (GLP-1 RA) represent one such combination that offers an efficacious approach to control both fasting and postprandial glucose, key determinants of glycaemic and clinical outcomes.

Two fixed-ratio combinations, insulin glargine 100 U/mL plus lixisenatide (iGlarLixi) and insulin degludec plus liraglutide (IDegLira), are currently available in the European Union (EU) and USA. Clinical evidence from pivotal, Phase III trials with iGlarLixi and IDegLira have demonstrated their robust glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c)-lowering effects, which are associated with mitigation of side effects commonly experienced with the individual components, including basal insulin-related body weight gain and GLP-1-related gastrointestinal adverse events. The spectrum of clinical benefits associated with these titratable fixed-ratio combinations may offer a more compelling case for earlier and effective use of these therapies that better addresses the complex underlying pathophysiology of Type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Diabetic Macular Oedema: Is It Effective?
Authors: Hao Yee Kuan , Sanjay Srinivasan
Published: November 2022

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is a common ocular problem among patients with diabetic retinopathy, which is sight-threatening and leads to blindness. The gold standard treatment for DMO had been focal/grid laser photocoagulation that achieved stabilisation of disease progression. However, newer pharmacological treatment options have gradually been favoured, as studies demonstrate their superior efficacy with regard to significant visual improvements. In particular, use of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) has become very popular, with promising evidence emerging from numerous trials regarding efficacy and safety. Based on the 2014 American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS) Preferences and Trends survey, the current preferred first-line therapy for DMO is in fact an anti-VEGF agent. Studies have shown that VEGF plays a critical role in both the angiogenesis and inflammation processes that occur during development of DMO. Hence, this allows anti-VEGF agents to specifically target and treat the underlying pathology, signifying its importance, and possibly accounting for its efficacy. We evaluate the available literature documenting the efficacy of anti-VEGF treatment in DMO. A key clinical finding was that anti-VEGF, as a drug class, achieved superior resolution of macular oedema and visual improvements that were consistently sustainable over 3 years, with some evidence pointing towards 5-year sustainability too. Hence, with intravitreal anti-VEGF treatments increasingly available, better long-term prognosis and, crucially, reduced likelihood of progression to blindness can be expected in patients with DMO.
Future Treatments of Diabetic Retinopathy: Pharmacotherapeutic Products Under Development
Authors: Stewart Michael W.
Published: November 2022

Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the leading cause of vision loss in working aged individuals. Macular laser photocoagulation was the primary DMO treatment for several decades, but has recently been replaced by intravitreal injections of corticosteroids and drugs that inhibit the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In Phase III trials, anti-VEGF drugs improve best corrected visual acuity by a mean of +12 letters, but up to 40% of patients have sub-optimal responses to therapy. The new anti-VEGF drugs abicipar and brolucizumab may possess extended durations of action in Phase III neovascular age-related macular degeneration trials, and DMO trials are being planned. Angiopoietin-2 inhibitors, both as co-formulations with anti-VEGF drugs and as bispecific antibodies, are in Phase II trials for DMO. Drugs that stimulate the Tie2 receptor are administered via subcutaneous injections. Intravenously administered antibodies that decrease diabetes-mediated inflammation, such as tocilizumab and teprotumumab, are entering early phase studies. Other drugs with topical (mecamylamine) and oral (minocycline) delivery routes are being developed. Several of these drugs may become available to patients within the next 5–10 years.
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Stem Cell Therapy: A Review
Authors: Wehbe Tarek W. , Hawat Tatiana B.
Published: November 2022

Most public health statistics outline the rapidly exploding burden of Type 2 diabetes mellitus as a chronic endemic disease related to sedentary lifestyle and obesity. Tremendous efforts and resources are being invested in finding new medical treatments and alternative therapies through cell-based replacement strategies among other methods. Several types of cells continue to be under active research, including autologous islet cells, allogeneic cadaveric islet cells, embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells, bone marrow-derived hematopoietic and mononuclear cells, and mesenchymal stem cells of different sources. The objective of this review is to bring the reader up to speed on the efforts being spent in this field with a clear and critical approach to the difficult and sometimes futile methodology undermining the results obtained.
Editor’s Pick: Refractory Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management
Authors: Nabi Zaheer , Karyampudi Arun , Nageshwar Reddy D.
Published: November 2022

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most commonly encountered gastrointestinal diseases in clinical practice. Proton pump inhibitors (PPI) remain the cornerstone of the treatment of GERD. Up to one-third of patients do not respond to optimal doses of PPI and fall into the category of refractory GERD. Moreover, the long-term use of PPI is not risk-free, as previously thought. The pathophysiology of refractory GERD is multifactorial and includes reflux related and unrelated factors. It is therefore paramount to address refractory GERD as per the aetiology of the disease for optimal outcomes. The management options for PPI refractory GERD include optimisation of PPI, lifestyle modifications, and the addition of alginates and histamine-2 receptor blockers. Neuromodulators, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants, may be beneficial in those with functional heartburn and reflux hypersensitivity. Laparoscopic antireflux surgeries, including Nissen’s fundoplication and magnetic sphincter augmentation, are useful in patients with objective evidence of GERD on pH impedance studies with or without a hiatal hernia. More recently, endoscopic antireflux modalities have emerged as an alternative to surgery in patients with PPI-dependent and PPI-refractory GERD. Long-term data and randomised comparison studies, however, are required before incorporating endoscopic therapies in the management algorithm for refractory GERD.
Geospatial knowledge in the spatial development of territories on the example of the forestry
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Lebzak E. V. , Yankelevich S. S. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: November 2022

The article considers the issue of applying geospatial knowledge in the spatial development of the ter-ritory on the example of the forestry. The aim of the study is to study the significance of geospatial knowledge for the spatial development of the territory. Based on literary sources, such concepts as spatial development of the territory, spatial knowledge, geospatial knowledge, geospatial knowledge base and infrastructure of geospatial knowledge are considered. The study of the application of geo-spatial knowledge and infrastructure of geospatial knowledge in spatial management is given. The methods of intellectual and spatial control are studied. The importance of geospatial knowledge for the spatial development of the territory is studied. The process of formation and display of geospatial knowledge is modeled on the example of geospatial knowledge in the forestry.
A retrospective analysis and technologiсal features of digital engineering mapping for municipal districts (on the example of municipalities in the Irkutsk region)
Authors:   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Fyodorov P. A. , Plastinin L. A. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University, Mazurov S. F. ,   East Siberian Aerogeodetic Enterprise, Kuznetsov S. M. ,   Irkutsk National Research Technical University
Published: November 2022

The article considers retrospective, modern and prospective ideas about the types of data sources for engineering mapping with economic applications, examples of the selection of source materials and cartographic documents for creating economic engineering maps of various types, including the prepa-ration of a unified electronic cartographic base, data of remote sensing of the Earth from space and aerial pho-tography. The retrospective analysis of cartographic works differs from other research methods in that it compares the planned results with the achieved results, and also takes into account the existing expe-rience in creating maps, which makes it possible to optimize and regulate the mapping technology in the future. The advantages of modern sources of spatial data, their relationship with each other and their content of thematic information for solving specific engineering problems of forestry, agriculture, land cadastre are reflected. Also indicators of optimal management of the municipal territories in the Irkutsk region and the study of natural and ecological complexes of all Baikal areas are noted. Based on the retrospective analysis the article reflects the method of choosing the scale of the created map and the selection of materials, corresponding to it, and considers the main combinations used for the synthesis of multispectral images for the purpose of engineering mapping.
Methodological approaches to modeling and forecasting of rational use of land resources using geotechnologies
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Dubrovsky A. V.
Published: November 2022

The article discusses methodological approaches to modeling and forecasting the rational use of land resources and the use of geotechnologies. Modeling is performed using the concept of "digital twin" and specially developed criteria for the optimality of the rational land use system. The criteria are rea-sonable from the viewpoint of assessing the socio-economic condition of the territory in strategic planning, and environmental analysis. The criteria also correspond to the indicators that are used to assess the effectiveness of the cadastral system. Geotechnologies are used as a method of predictive modeling. The prototype of the system of rational use of land resources is proposed. The system con-sists of four subsystems: zoning and functional zoning; predictive modeling; long-term planning; monitoring of rational land use based on optimality criteria. The structure of the system of rational use of land resources has been developed, showing the relationship between subsystems and targets which are to be reached as the result of system operation. To assess the rational land use system, optimality criteria have been developed: the stability of the spatial structure to external influences; maximum in-volvement of land resources in economic use; value stability of the real estate object; compliance with regulatory requirements; indicators of the demographic situation; economic efficiency. The imple-mented structure of rational use system of land resources is the structure of the digital twin model for optimizing geosystem management processes. Based on the developed optimality criteria, more accu-rately fine-tuned model and cost-effective and environmentally sound management solutions are de-veloped.
Functions of NOSQL DBMS for processing spatial data
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Kolesnikov A. A.
Published: November 2022

An increasing number of database management systems are expanding their functionality to work with various types of spatial data. This is true for both relational and NoSQL data models. The article pre-sents the main features of those data models for which the functions of storing and processing spatial data are implemented. The methods of artificial intelligence, which are implemented on the basis of a particular data model, are considered. A comparative analysis of the performance of typical spatial queries for database management systems based on various data models, including multi-model ones, is performed. The data set on which the comparison is performed is presented as three blocks of OpenStreetMap vector data for the territory of the Novosibirsk region. Based on the results of the study, recommendations are given on the use of certain data models, depending on the available data and the tasks being solved.
Development of thematic cartography based on geospatial knowledge and cognitive approach
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Yankelevich S. S.
Published: November 2022

In the modern world, there have been changes in the requirements for many sciences, as new tasks have appeared in society. In this regard, the requirements for cartography have also changed. Humanity entered a fundamentally new stage in the development of the economy and society – the age of knowledge. It is knowledge that is an economic and resource value at the present stage of the devel-opment of human civilization. This phenomenon concerns absolutely all aspects of human life. In this regard, ideas about the interaction of a man and technology are changing, which entails changes in all spheres of activity, including mapping. New products and technologies are needed by different users, adapted to the cognitive features of human perception of information and will contribute to quick and correct decision-making. Such technologies allow us to find new forms of representation of geospatial information. Cartography becomes an efficient mechanism for visualizing knowledge that is connect-ed by spatial relations on the earth's surface – geospatial knowledge. Geospatial knowledge can be displayed in thematic maps both together with geospatial information and separately, while the choice of the visualization option depends upon the tasks being solved on the map being developed, as well as the geospatial knowledge that needs to be shown. Mapping geospatial knowledge is currently a promising area of research that has not been studied much yet. At the same time, maps containing geo-spatial knowledge, can significantly simplify the solution of many routine geoinformation tasks, re-duce time and labor costs, increase the efficiency of managerial decision-making, as well as expand the range of tasks solved on the basis of thematic maps.
Determination of areas’ boundaries and establishment of protected zones for cultural heritage objects
Authors:   Central Siberian Botanical Garden SB RAS, Baikov K. S. , Gilyova L. N. ,   Omsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin, Dubrovsky A. V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Lisitsky D. V. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Podryadchikova E. D. ,   Industrial University of Tyumen
Published: November 2022

The article considers the theoretical and practical issues, connected with the formation of areas and zones for cultural heritage objects (CHO) for ensuring the protection of such objects by means of es-tablishing special land use regime. The authors analyzed the location of CHO on the Omsk city territory, presented the method for determination of CHO boundaries and the requirements for their protected zone establishment. The approbation took place on the object "Residential house, 1890-s", address 84, Rabinovicha st-t, central administrative district, Omsk. As conclusions the article suggests the complex of measures, aimed at the establishment of the CHO protected zone and the compliance with legal regime ensuring the preservation of historical and cultural value of the object. It is recommended to carry out control over CHO condition, to create and implement a monitoring system using modern geodetic measuring tools, remote sensing and geoinformation technologies; to set up a register of CHOs including those ones in bad condition; to develop the technology of their revealing and registering in urban development activity. To make protection commitments with CHO owners and tenants; to include CHO protection zones into general plans and territorial planning schemes.
Liquidation of the geodetic and cartographic service of the country through the prism of time
Authors:   Russian Society of Geodesy, Cartography and Land Management, Pobedinsky G. G.
Published: November 2022

The article considers the problems of legal, organizational, scientific and technical crisis in the field of geodesy and cartography. It discloses the proposals of the Russian Society of Geodesy, Cartography and Land Management in such areas of improving legislation and law enforcement in the field of geodetic and cartographic activities as the state coordinate system and local coordinate systems, scientific support in the field of geodesy and cartography, the federal executive authority in the field of geodesy and cartography, legal regulation in the field of geodesy and cartography. It gives a brief history of the reorganization of the national cartographic and Geodetic service from the Main Department of Cartog-raphy under the Council of Ministers of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (RSFSR) in 1991 to the Public Legal Company "Roskadastr" in 2022. The articles analyses the consequences of the planned reorganization in 2022 by joining JSC "Roskartografiya" and the Federal State Budgetary Institution "Center for Geodesy, Cartography and Spatial Data Infrastructure" to the Public the legal company "Roskadastr".
Oil spills on the water surface: methods of remote sensing data analysis for their identification
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Kulik E. N. , Baikin D. A. ,   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies
Published: November 2022

High rate of scale & space distribution of the damage done to the natural environment dictate the need for ultra-fast detection of World Ocean’s oil pollution. The article discusses various methods for oil spills detection on the water surface by processing remote sensing data obtained by different satellite systems: active (Sentinel-1 [IW]) and passive (multispectral images: medium resolution Landsat-8 [OLI], Sentinel-2 [MSI] and high-resolution PlanetScope). The results of enhancement and thematic image processing by automated interpretation methods, such as threshold filteringof the quality assessment channel (Landsat-8: Collection 1 Level-1), radar image’ speckle filtering, estimation of in-dexes and supervised classification based on spectral signatures are presented.
Use of unmanned aerial vehicles in the implementation of state land supervision
Authors:   Kuban State Technological University, Gura D. A. ,   Kuban State Agrarian University, Markovskii I. G. ,   Kuban State Technological University, Ryaskin A. A. ,   Kuban State Technological University; Department of the Federal Service for State Registration, Cadastre and Cartography in the Krasnodar region
Published: November 2022

Field inspections of land plots for compliance with the requirements of land legislation by their owners or users imply a visual inspection and instrumental inspection of such real estate objects. However, when implementing these procedures, the following problems may occur: limited access to land plots through their fencing; a large area of land; the impossibility of obtaining the land plots boundaries coordinates using GNSS equipment, associated with the level of territory development or with the location near the survey area of objects that block or distort satellite signals. The study describes the expe-rience of using unmanned aerial vehicles in conjunction with digital cameras as a possible solution to the above problems. The purpose of the work is to describe the experience of using unmanned aerial vehicles to collect information on the actual use of land plots and the location of their boundaries in the framework of state land supervision. The paper describes the procedure for coordinating flights and the experience of using a quadcopter-type aircraft for aerial photography when surveying land. Options for the interaction of state land supervision bodies with other organizations and divisions of Rosreestr are presented for the purpose of assessing compliance with the land legislation of the Rus-sian Federation by owners and users of land plots, as well as filling the state fund with data obtained as a result of land management. The positive aspects of using such tools are given, as well as criticism of the existing work procedure. As a result of the research, it was concluded that the use of unmanned aerial vehicles shows high efficiency in the implementation of the functions of state land supervision, but it is necessary to further improve this area.
Investigation of a telescopic systems with three-stage magnification change and a stable exit pupil position
Authors:   Siberian State University of Geosystems and Technologies, Khatsevich T. N. , Shmelev E. V. ,   «Optical Design Office»
Published: November 2022

The visual optical systems with three fields of view are considered in the article. The removal of the exit pupil of the considered systems is from 1/3 to 1/4 of its total length. The problems that arise during a three-stage change of magnification are considered in the paper. An important feature of such systems is the need to match the pupils of the system when changing the magnification to ensure the stability of the position of the exit pupil. The complexity of the implementation while observing weight and size restrictions are also discussed. A comprehensive solution to these problems should be laid at the circuit level and should be based on the search for a fundamental structural optical scheme. During the design process, the issues of modeling and determining the area of solutions are revealed, which make it possible to ensure high image quality in the transition to finite apertures and thicknesses. The scientific hypothesis is that a three-stage change of magnification can be realized by presence of the rotary afocal system of magnification change. At the same time, for such a solution, internal alignment and competitive characteristics of the optical system of the product as a whole are also provided. The purpose of this article is to present the results of the analysis of the circuit solution in the paraxial approximation, to determine the areas of solutions that provide the smallest relative apertures of the circuit components under the introduced overall restrictions on the length of the system, the diameters of the components and the removal of the exit pupil. The results of the study are confirmed by the development of an optical system with interchangeable magnifications of 1x, 3x and 9x with an eye relief of 80 mm with the total system length of 250 mm.