bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diagnostic value of diffusion-weighted MRI using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in evaluation of median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome
Authors: Elkima Samia Elsayed Ahmed Abdelsalam , Abdelaziz Alsiagy Ali , Alsergany Mervat Abdelsattar , Nagy Hanan Ahmad
Published: February 2023

Background

The diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome is based on a combination of clinical history, clinical examination and frequent use of electrodiagnostics as nerve conduction study and electromyography which often do not provide the spatial and anatomical localizing information, especially with small nerves of the extremities. Conventional magnetic resonance imaging can reveal morphological changes in carpal tunnel syndrome patients.

Aim

The purpose of our study was to assess the efficacy of diffusion magnetic resonance imaging as a functional imaging in evaluation of median nerve in carpal tunnel syndrome.

Patients and methods

This prospective study included a group of 33 patients with carpal tunnel syndrome diagnosed by both clinical examination and electromyography; 40 writs were examined. A control group of 20 subjects of matched age group were also included. All the participants were subjected to conventional and diffusion magnetic resonance imaging studies.

Results

Median nerve apparent diffusion coefficient values of patients are lower than those of controls. The sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy of diffusion conventional magnetic resonance imaging were 95% and 97.5%, respectively, versus 25% and 62.5% of conventional magnetic resonance imaging. A cut-off apparent diffusion coefficient value ≤ 0.99 obtained at distal radio-ulnar joint level and > 1.07 at pisiform level as well as apparent diffusion coefficient ratio at a cut-off ≤ 0.2 was significantly valid for diagnosing carpal tunnel syndrome.

Conclusions

Diffusion magnetic resonance imaging provides functional evaluation of median nerve in patients with carpal tunnel syndrome.
Biosensing and anti-inflammatory effects of silver, copper and iron nanoparticles from the leaf extract of Catharanthus roseus
Authors: Sultana Mst.Jesmin , Nibir Al Ibne Shahariar , Ahmed Fazle Rabbi Shakil
Published: February 2023

Background

In this study, we present a low-cost, environmentally friendly method for producing silver, copper, and iron nanoparticles using fresh Catharanthus roseus leaf extract. The biomolecules found in the plant extract play a crucial role as stabilizing and reducing agents. The spectral profile of the UV–visible spectrophotometer was measured to confirm and identify the biosynthesized nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were tested for biosensing activities and anti-inflammatory effects.

Result

UV–visible spectra showed a prominent surface resonance peak of 415 nm, 300 nm, and 400 nm, corresponding to the formation of silver, copper, and iron nanoparticles, respectively. The in vitro anti-inflammatory properties of the synthesized AgNPs, CuNPs, and FeNPs showed the maximum inhibition of protein denaturation at 58%, 54.15%, and 44.26% at a concentration of 400 µg/ml, respectively. Furthermore, at a 400 µg/ml concentration, Diclofenac, utilized as a control, showed a maximal inhibition of 93.37%. According to the biosensing activity, these nanoparticles are also a good source for biosensing hazardous heavy salts. So, this article provides the first description of the silver, copper, and iron nanoparticles from Catharanthus roseus leave biosensing capabilities and anti-inflammatory characteristics.

Conclusion

Overall, this study revealed that due to their biocompatibility, silver, copper, and iron nanoparticles could be appealing and environmentally acceptable options that could be used as innovative therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of inflammation. The primary outcome of the research will be the development of potential pharmaceutical uses for the C. roseus medicinal plant in the biomedical and nanotechnology-based industries.
CRISPR-Cas9 mediated phage therapy as an alternative to antibiotics
Authors: Balcha Fikre Birhanu , Neja Sultan Abda
Published: February 2023

Inappropriate use of antibiotics is globally creating public health hazards associated with antibiotic resistance. Bacteria often acquire antibiotic resistance by altering their genes through mutation or acquisition of plasmid-encoding resistance genes. To treat drug-resistant strains of bacteria, the recently developed CRISPR-Cas9 system might be an alternative molecular tool to conventional antibiotics. It disables antibiotic-resistance genes (plasmids) or deactivates bacterial virulence factors and sensitizes drug-resistant bacteria through site-specific cleavage of crucial domains of their genome. This molecular tool uses phages as vehicles for CRISPR-cas9 delivery into bacteria. Since phages are species-specific and natural predators of bacteria, they are capable of easily injecting their DNA to target bacteria. The CRISPR system is packaged into phagemid vectors, in such a way that the bacteria containing the antibiotic-resistance plasmid sequence or that containing specific DNA sequences were made to be targeted. Upon CRISPR delivery, Cas9 is programmed to recognize target sequences through the guide RNA thereby causing double-strand cleavage of targeted bacterial DNA or loss of drug resistance plasmid, which results in cell death. Remarkably, the safety and efficacy of this newly developed biotechnology tool and the biocontrol product need to be further refined for its usage in clinical translation.
When Less Can Be More: How the 10-Year Updated Results From the Randomized Controlled AMAROS Trial Should Affect Axillary Management in the Setting of a Positive Node
Authors: Esserman Laura J. , Ali Hirra , McKenzie Tesia
Published: February 2023

The Oncology Grand Rounds series is designed to place original reports published in the Journal into clinical context. A case presentation is followed by a description of diagnostic and management challenges, a review of the relevant literature, and a summary of the authors’ suggested management approaches. The goal of this series is to help readers better understand how to apply the results of key studies, including those published in Journal of Clinical Oncology , to patients seen in their own clinical practice.

It is important to reflect on how far we as a medical community have come when treating breast cancer. Ongoing research, clinical trials, and better understanding of biology have transformed our understanding and treatment of breast cancer. There is still much to learn. Although progress was slow for decades, treatments have evolved more quickly in the recent past. The Halsted radical mastectomy, first popularized in 1894, was performed for almost a century, and although it decreased local recurrence, it did not improve survival. This well-intentioned surgery disfigured women and was abandoned as better systemic therapies were introduced and less aggressive surgical procedures were found to be equivalent in clinical trials. The evolution of trials in the modern era has taught us an important lesson. De-escalation of surgical interventions in the setting of improved systemic therapy can lead to better patient outcomes. We present a case of a clinician with an early-stage invasive ductal carcinoma responsive to neoadjuvant endocrine therapy and who subsequently underwent a partial mastectomy with axillary sentinal lymph node biopsy. Although clinically node-negative, she was pathologically node-positive, and concerned about both optimizing her outcomes and minimizing the risk of lymphedema. The release of 10-year follow-up data from the AMAROS trial furthers our knowledge and understanding of the impact of local control measures of the axilla. The concepts illustrated by the findings of AMAROS may be applied in clinical practice and ultimately help us make rational treatment choices and support shared decision making for patients like ours.
Prognostic Significance of Tumor-Infiltrating Lymphocytes Determined Using LinkNet on Colorectal Cancer Pathology Images
Authors: Liu Anran , Li Xingyu , Wu Hongyi , Guo Bangwei , Jonnagaddala Jitendra , Zhang Hong , Xu Steven
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE

Tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) have a significant prognostic value in cancers. However, very few automated, deep learning-based TIL scoring algorithms have been developed for colorectal cancer (CRC).

MATERIALS AND METHODS

We developed an automated, multiscale LinkNet workflow for quantifying TILs at the cellular level in CRC tumors using H&E-stained images from the Lizard data set with annotations of lymphocytes. The predictive performance of the automatic TIL scores ([Formula: see text]) for disease progression and overall survival (OS) was evaluated using two international data sets, including 554 patients with CRC from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and 1,130 patients with CRC from Molecular and Cellular Oncology (MCO).

RESULTS

The LinkNet model provided outstanding precision (0.9508), recall (0.9185), and overall F1 score (0.9347). Clear continuous TIL-hazard relationships were observed between [Formula: see text] and the risk of disease progression or death in both TCGA and MCO cohorts. Both univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses for the TCGA data demonstrated that patients with high TIL abundance had a significant (approximately 75%) reduction in risk for disease progression. In both the MCO and TCGA cohorts, the TIL-high group was significantly associated with improved OS in univariate analysis (30% and 54% reduction in risk, respectively). The favorable effects of high TIL levels were consistently observed in different subgroups (classified according to known risk factors).

CONCLUSION

The proposed deep-learning workflow for automatic TIL quantification on the basis of LinkNet can be a useful tool for CRC. [Formula: see text] is likely an independent risk factor for disease progression and carries predictive information of disease progression beyond the current clinical risk factors and biomarkers. The prognostic significance of [Formula: see text] for OS is also evident.
Validation of Predictive Analyses for Interim Decisions in Clinical Trials
Authors: Avalos-Pacheco Alejandra , Ventz Steffen , Arfè Andrea , Alexander Brian M. , Rahman Rifaquat , Wen Patrick Y. , Trippa Lorenzo
Published: February 2023

PURPOSE

Adaptive clinical trials use algorithms to predict, during the study, patient outcomes and final study results. These predictions trigger interim decisions, such as early discontinuation of the trial, and can change the course of the study. Poor selection of the Prediction Analyses and Interim Decisions (PAID) plan in an adaptive clinical trial can have negative consequences, including the risk of exposing patients to ineffective or toxic treatments.

METHODS

We present an approach that leverages data sets from completed trials to evaluate and compare candidate PAIDs using interpretable validation metrics. The goal is to determine whether and how to incorporate predictions into major interim decisions in a clinical trial. Candidate PAIDs can differ in several aspects, such as the prediction models used, timing of interim analyses, and potential use of external data sets. To illustrate our approach, we considered a randomized clinical trial in glioblastoma. The study design includes interim futility analyses on the basis of the predictive probability that the final analysis, at the completion of the study, will provide significant evidence of treatment effects. We examined various PAIDs with different levels of complexity to investigate if the use of biomarkers, external data, or novel algorithms improved interim decisions in the glioblastoma clinical trial.

RESULTS

Validation analyses on the basis of completed trials and electronic health records support the selection of algorithms, predictive models, and other aspects of PAIDs for use in adaptive clinical trials. By contrast, PAID evaluations on the basis of arbitrarily defined ad hoc simulation scenarios, which are not tailored to previous clinical data and experience, tend to overvalue complex prediction procedures and produce poor estimates of trial operating characteristics such as power and the number of enrolled patients.

CONCLUSION

Validation analyses on the basis of completed trials and real world data support the selection of predictive models, interim analysis rules, and other aspects of PAIDs in future clinical trials.
New K50R mutant mouse models reveal impaired hypusination of eif5a2 with alterations in cell metabolite landscape
Authors: Schultz Chad R. , Sheldon Ryan D. , Xie Huirong , Demireva Elena Y. , Uhl Katie L. , Agnew Dalen W. , Geerts Dirk , Bachmann André S.
Published: February 2023

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A1 (eIF5A1) and 5A2 (eIF5A2) are important proteins in a variety of physiological and pathophysiological processes and their function has been linked to neurodevelopmental disorders, cancer, and viral infections. Here, we report two new genome-edited mouse models, generated using a CRISPR-Cas9 approach, in which the amino acid residue lysine 50 is replaced with arginine 50 (K50R) in eIF5A1 or in the closely related eIF5A2 protein. This mutation prevents the spermidine-dependent post-translational formation of hypusine, a unique lysine derivative that is necessary for activation of eIF5A1 and eIF5A2. Mouse brain lysates from homozygous eif5a2-K50R mutant mice (eif5a2K50R/K50R) confirmed the absence of hypusine formation of eIF5A2, and metabolomic analysis of primary mouse dermal fibroblasts revealed significant alterations in the metabolite landscape compared to controls including increased levels of tryptophan, kyrunenine, pyridoxine, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, riboflavin, flavin adenine dinucleotide, pantothenate, and coenzyme A. Further supported by new publicly available bioinformatics data, these new mouse models represent excellent in vivo models to study hypusine-dependent biological processes, hypusination-related disorders caused by eIF5A1 and eIF5A2 gene aberrations or mRNA expression dysregulation, as well as several major human cancer types and potential therapies.
New advances in CRISPR/Cas-mediated precise gene-editing techniques
Authors: Richardson Chris , Kelsh Robert N. , J. Richardson Rebecca
Published: February 2023

Over the past decade, CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing has become a powerful tool for generating mutations in a variety of model organisms, from Escherichia coli to zebrafish, rodents and large mammals. CRISPR/Cas-based gene editing effectively generates insertions or deletions (indels), which allow for rapid gene disruption. However, a large proportion of human genetic diseases are caused by single-base-pair substitutions, which result in more subtle alterations to protein function, and which require more complex and precise editing to recreate in model systems. Precise genome editing (PGE) methods, however, typically have efficiencies of less than a tenth of those that generate less-specific indels, and so there has been a great deal of effort to improve PGE efficiency. Such optimisations include optimal guide RNA and mutation-bearing donor DNA template design, modulation of DNA repair pathways that underpin how edits result from Cas-induced cuts, and the development of Cas9 fusion proteins that introduce edits via alternative mechanisms. In this Review, we provide an overview of the recent progress in optimising PGE methods and their potential for generating models of human genetic disease.
Disturbed flow increases endothelial inflammation and permeability via a Frizzled-4-β-catenin-dependent pathway
Authors: Rickman Matthew , Ghim Mean , Pang Kuin , von Huelsen Rocha Ana Cristina , Drudi Elena M. , Sureda-Vives Macià , Ayoub Nicolas , Tajadura-Ortega Virginia , George Sarah J. , Weinberg Peter D. , Warboys Christina M.
Published: February 2023

Multidirectional or disturbed flow promotes endothelial dysfunction and is associated with early atherogenesis. Here we investigated the role of Wnt signalling in flow-mediated endothelial dysfunction. The expression of Frizzled-4 was higher in cultured human aortic endothelial cells (ECs) exposed to disturbed flow compared to that seen for undisturbed flow, obtained using an orbital shaker. Increased expression was also detected in regions of the porcine aortic arch exposed to disturbed flow. The increased Frizzled-4 expression in cultured ECs was abrogated following knockdown of R-spondin-3. Disturbed flow also increased the nuclear localisation and activation of β-catenin, an effect that was dependent on Frizzled-4 and R-spondin-3. Inhibition of β-catenin using the small-molecule inhibitor iCRT5 or knockdown of Frizzled-4 or R-spondin-3 resulted in reduced expression of pro-inflammatory genes in ECs exposed to disturbed flow, as did inhibition of WNT5A signalling. Inhibition of the canonical Wnt pathway had no effect. Inhibition of β-catenin also reduced endothelial paracellular permeability; this was associated with altered junctional and focal adhesion organisation and cytoskeletal remodelling. These data suggest the presence of an atypical Frizzled-4-β-catenin pathway that promotes endothelial dysfunction in response to disturbed flow.
Intergenerational Persistence in Child Mortality
Authors: Lu Frances , Vogl Tom
Published: February 2023

We study the intergenerational persistence of inequality by estimating grandmother-mother associations in the loss of a child, using pooled data from 119 Demographic and Health Surveys in 44 developing countries. Compared with compatriots of the same age, women with at least one sibling who died in childhood face 39 percent higher odds of having experienced at least one own-child death, or 7 percentage points at age 49. Place fixed effects reduce estimated mortality persistence by 47 percent; socioeconomic covariates explain far less. Within countries over time, persistence falls with aggregate child mortality, so that mortality decline disproportionately benefits high-mortality lineages. (JEL I12, J13, J16, J62, O15)
SnakeMAGs: a simple, efficient, flexible and scalable workflow to reconstruct prokaryotic genomes from metagenomes
Authors: Tadrent Nachida , Dedeine Franck , Hervé Vincent
Published: February 2023

Background: Over the last decade, we have observed in microbial ecology a transition from gene-centric to genome-centric analyses. Indeed, the advent of metagenomics combined with binning methods, single-cell genome sequencing as well as high-throughput cultivation methods have contributed to the continuing and exponential increase of available prokaryotic genomes, which in turn has favored the exploration of microbial metabolisms. In the case of metagenomics, data processing, from raw reads to genome reconstruction, involves various steps and software which can represent a major technical obstacle.

Methods: To overcome this challenge, we developed SnakeMAGs, a simple workflow that can process Illumina data, from raw reads to metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) classification and relative abundance estimate. It integrates state-of-the-art bioinformatic tools to sequentially perform: quality control of the reads (illumina-utils, Trimmomatic), host sequence removal (optional step, using Bowtie2), assembly (MEGAHIT), binning (MetaBAT2), quality filtering of the bins (CheckM, GUNC), classification of the MAGs (GTDB-Tk) and estimate of their relative abundance (CoverM). Developed with the popular Snakemake workflow management system, it can be deployed on various architectures, from single to multicore and from workstation to computer clusters and grids. It is also flexible since users can easily change parameters and/or add new rules.

Results: Using termite gut metagenomic datasets, we showed that SnakeMAGs is slower but allowed the recovery of more MAGs encompassing more diverse phyla compared to another similar workflow named ATLAS. Importantly, these additional MAGs showed no significant difference compared to the other ones in terms of completeness, contamination, genome size nor relative abundance.

Conclusions: Overall, it should make the reconstruction of MAGs more accessible to microbiologists. SnakeMAGs as well as test files and an extended tutorial are available at https://github.com/Nachida08/SnakeMAGs.
Local approaches and ineffectivity in reducing stunting in children: A case study of policy in Indonesia
Authors: Meher Cashtri , Zaluchu Fotarisman , Eyanoer Putri Chairani
Published: February 2023

Background: Stunting is a global issue. Indonesia has to cope with this stunting issue very seriously because it has the highest number among Southeast Asian countries and is included in the countries with the highest number of stunting sufferers in the world. One of the important points that requires intervention is to fulfill the nutrition of both the pregnant women and  children under the age of five.

Policy and implications: The central government has issued the national policy to prevent stunting in children and determined the national and regional parties in charge of the program. The government commitment is shown through the fund allocation arrangement for village development aimed to prevent and overcome stunting. Theoretically, it all seemed to be conducted according to each responsibility of the parties in charge. However, the effort is generally still bureaucratic, in a form of campaign, and has not solved the issue of fulfilling nutrition at the local level.

Recommendations: Based on field experience and literature, the goal to reduce stunting significantly will be achievable if local approaches are applied. The local issue on nutrition intake can be intervened specifically by applying local approaches in understanding the community consumption behavior pattern and delivering education on nutrition. The government should abandon a too-generic approach (one-size-fits-all) which has been used so far.

Conclusion: Intervention of nutrition intake through local approaches is crucial considering that stunting prevalence is still very high. As the organization for the program to prevent stunting is supported by fund allocation, in the future the government should encourage local intervention efforts through the cooperation with higher education, local non-governmental organisations, or partners that understand  local context more on nutrition issues in respective regions. To observe this, stunting prevention in Indonesia should develop more local approaches in campaign material and education to local society.
Analysis of the spatial inequality in residential quality indicators: the 22 urban regions of Tehran Metropolis
Authors: Zarghamfard Moslem , Bahadori Behnaz , Hoseinzadeh Robab , Safaralizadeh Esmaiel
Published: February 2023

Research objective: the present study seeks to assess and analyze the status of residential quality indicators in the 22 urban regions of the Tehran metropolis.

Methodology: 79 residential quality variables are classified into the four indicators of physical, economic, ecological, and socio-cultural indices. Shannon entropy model, the coefficient of variation, TOPSIS, hotspot analysis, and Moran spatial autocorrelation were used for data analysis.

Results: Results of the present study indicated a TOPSIS score of 0.58 for the integrated indicators which revealed region 1 had the best and region 15 had the worst status. In fact, a sort of divergence and heterogeneity rules residential quality indicators in Tehran urban regions, so that among the 22 urban regions of the city, around 4.5% were advantaged while 13.6% were relatively advantaged, 77.3% were semi- advantaged, and 4.5% were less advantaged. Results of statistical spatial analysis also indicate that the advantaged clusters were located in northern and northeastern parts of the city while the less advantaged and extremely less advantaged clusters were more focused in the southern and southeastern parts of the city, and residential quality indicators followed a cluster pattern.

Conclusion: A spatial difference and inequality in residential quality index distribution were observed in the 22 urban regions of Tehran so that the regions located in the southern and southeastern parts of the city had an unfavorable status in terms of residential quality indicators while the northern and northeastern regions were more advantaged in this regard.
Fixed point indices and fixed words at infinity of selfmaps of graphs II
Authors: Zhang Qiang , Zhao Xuezhi
Published: February 2023

The index $\mathrm{ind}(\mathbf{F})$ of a fixed point class $\mathbf{F}$ is a classical invariant in the Nielsen fixed point theory.
In the recent paper \cite{ZZ}, the authors introduced a new invariant $\mathrm{ichr}(\mathbf{F})$ called the improved characteristic,
and proved that $\mathrm{ind}(\mathbf{F})\leq \mathrm{ichr}(\mathbf{F})$ for all fixed point classes of $\pi_1$-injective selfmaps of connected finite graphs.
In this note, we show that the two homotopy invariants mentioned above are exactly the same.
Since the improved characteristic is totally determined by the endomorphism of the fundamental group,
we give a group-theoretical approach to compute indices of fixed point classes of graph selfmaps.
As a consequence, we give a new criterion of a fixed point, which extends the one due to Gaboriau, Jaeger, Levitt and Lustig.
Multiple connecting geodesics of a Randers-Kropina metric via homotopy theory for solutions of an affine control system
Authors: Caponio Erasmo , Javaloyes Miguel Angel , Masiello Antonio
Published: February 2023

We consider a geodesic problem in a manifold endowed with
a Randers-Kropina metric. This is a type of a singular Finsler metric arising both
in the description of the lightlike vectors of a spacetime endowed with a causal Killing vector field and in the Zermelo's navigation problem with a wind represented
by a vector field having norm not greater than one.
By using Lusternik-Schnirelman theory, we prove existence of infinitely many
geodesics between two given points when the manifold is not contractible.
Due to the type of non-holonomic constraints that the velocity vectors must satisfy,
this is achieved thanks to some recent results about the homotopy type of the set of solutions of an affine control system associated with
a totally non-integrable distribution.
Dwuelementowe struktury normatywne w prawie
Authors: Pogorzelski Oskar
Published: February 2023

Podstawowym celem monografii Dwuelementowe struktury normatywne w prawie jest zidentyfikowanie i scharakteryzowanie występujących w prawie struktur normatywnych zawierających dwa pojęciowo wyodrębnione elementy składowe. To zadanie badawcze zostaje zrealizowane dzięki przeprowadzeniu charakterystyki zastanych w teorii prawa koncepcji normy prawnej, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem ujęć, w których normy prawne występują w „parach”. Książka ma w głównej mierze charakter opisowo- rekonstrukcyjny, a najczęściej wykorzystywaną metodą badawczą jest rekonstrukcja historyczna poszczególnych koncepcji teoretycznych oraz ich krytyki. Realizacja przyjętego celu badawczego została dokonana dzięki szczegółowej analizie wybranych analitycznych koncepcji norm, tj. teorii normy pierwotnej i wtórnej Hansa Kelsena; ujęcia tzw. norm sprzężonych – normy sankcjonującej oraz sankcjonowanej; koncepcji reguł pierwotnych i wtórnych H.L.A. Harta oraz rozróżnienia normy aplikacyjnej oraz aplikowalnej autorstwa Eugenio Bulygina.
Are we ready for Telepsychiatry? Benefits and challenges of digital
psychotherapy
Authors: Kister Klaudia , Laskowski Jakub , Dybała Ewelina , Makarewicz Agata
Published: February 2023

Background: Telemedicine is one of the most modern and fastest-growing branches of medicine. The most common form is video consultation. We distinguish between synchronous and asynchronous telepsychiatry. This study aims to show the benefits of using telepsychiatry services, the challenges it poses to users, and to evaluate its use against traditional therapy.
Materials and methods: A review of literature from 1956-2023 in EMBASE, OpenKnowledge and PubMed databases was conducted. Keywords used were: telepsychiatry, teletherapy, and digital psychiatry. Ninety-eight articles were included.
Discussion: Telepsychiatry is an opportunity for regions affected by medical staff shortages. It bypasses cultural barriers, the problem of traveling and reduces the cost of medical point-of-service. Telepsychiatry is an opportunity for patients who do not use psychiatrists due to discrimination in a conservative society. Groups that may find it challenging include the elderly, the blind, and the deaf. Creating a healthy therapeutic alliance through a screen can be impossible, making it difficult to achieve successful therapy. A barrier to developing telepsychiatry is the need for more guidelines for dealing with medical errors.
Conclusions: Telemedicine can help in accessing specialized care regardless of location. Telepsychiatry provides a safe and anonymous environment for patients reluctant to receive inpatient therapy. The effectiveness of online therapy is primarily debated. Telepsychiatry should be limited to follow-up consultations and well-known patients - it is a form of complementing the diagnosis and treatment process. The authors point to the need for developing specific guidelines for conducting teletherapy with particular attention to the problem of suicide.

Keywords: telepsychiatry, teletherapy, digital psychiatry.
“é tão estranho a gente sentir que existe”: Infância no curta-metragem “Alma”
Authors: Trapp de queiroz Caroline
Published: February 2023

This article aims to present a discussion about childhood from the issues raised by the short film entitled Alma, directed, produced and scripted by the filmmaker André Morais. In the work, we experience a day in the life of a girl who lives with her grandmother and who, throughout the plot, weaves questions about her own existence, the senses of life and the dimensions of the relationships we establish with each other. It is discussed in this article, therefore, the power of cinema and childhood as dimensions that invite a dialogue capable of converging art and life, also revitalizing the field of science, from the reflections that are dear to the dynamics of human experience. What conceptions of childhood are presented in the production? In what ways does the chosen approach broaden the discussion about childhood and cinema as potencies? To what extent do the questions raised by the child connect their childhood experience to the experiences of those who watch it on screen? In order to mobilize the discussion, the text is organized from scenes, which characterize the sequence of events that give meaning to what the film wants to express. In the first, the central theme is presented; in the second, the questions for which the short awakens us throughout the narrative; and in the third, it seeks to expand the possibilities of reading, rather than closing them. These scenes support the discussions brought here through Walter Benjamin, Mikhail Bakhtin, Antoine de Saint-Exupéry, Aristotle and Hannah Arendt.
child youtubers and specific goods of childhood: when exploration and play become work
Authors: Cabezas Mar
Published: February 2023

This article explores the nature and consequences of being a successful child YouTuber as a new form of both child labor and play in the social media era. This new child activity can in principle act as an enhancer of child autonomy, creativity, and some specific goods of childhood, such as play, and exploration. However, the impact of becoming a micro-celebrity as a video blogger at a young age is to some extent underexplored. Thereby, I bring into the ethical discussion the specific conditions of this activity, such as overexposure, and adultization. By doing so, I show how it can turn out to be a threat to child’s well-being and well-becoming, especially in relation to the identity construction and intrafamily dynamics. I highlight its double role as both an enhancer of childhood’s specific goods and child vulnerability, especially when it becomes a silent form of subjugation. Thereby, I suggest that the strong version of the precautionary principle could be a normative guide to balance the children’s need to explore and autonomy without jeopardizing other specific goods of childhood and their well-becoming.
será que a voz que ouvimos por dentro é a mesma que as pessoas ouvem por fora?
Authors: Carvalho Magda Costa
Published: February 2023

This text was written after hearing a childlike question about voice, a question asked by  Lara, a girl at a “basic” school in a rural area of the Azores islands that resulted in a diferent way of understanding the motives and intentions that are implicit in the way we practice community of philosphical inquiry with children and adults.  This question also unveiled important aspects of the way we construct ourselves as adults who believe in the importance of teaching philosophy in elementary school. This text describes an attempt to follow the trail of inquiry triggered by Lara’s question, and documents three moments or possibilities of re-questioning. These moments – which are not understood as forming an orderly sequence, but rather represent inroads into the initial question – emerge as possibilities marked by the rhythm of inquiry that followed. Those questions were: What do we hear when we talk about voice? What do we say when we talk about listening? And what do we think about when we share voices and listen actively? The text invites us to focus on voice as a concept aligned with a certain paradigmatic model of thinking commonly referred to as “philosophy,”and also invites us to consider the concept of listening as a construct that returns us to the origins of western philosophy. Finally, the text invites us to consider different ways of understanding voice and listening as based on the idea of thinking as an in-between space of sharing, focusing specifically on activities centering philosophical dialogue with children.
ESTUDANTES BLOGUEIROS: INTERAGINDO COM A EDUCAÇÃO POLAR
Authors: Petsch Carina , Velho Luiz Felipe , Batista Natália Lampert , Bona Aline Silva de , Simões Jefferson Cardia
Published: February 2023

A formação inicial e continuada de professores é deficitária na temática polar, e não há muitos materiais didáticos de apoio para desenvolver conteúdos sobre estas regiões. Dessa forma, o objetivo desta pesquisa é apresentar um relato e metodologia inovadora voltada para a educação polar com alunos da educação básica. A metodologia se fundamenta na dinâmica das mídias digitais, como o Instagram e o YouTube, utilizando diversos materiais: fotografias, desenhos, roupas de expedições antárticas e vídeos. Foram analisados os desenhos e escritas elaboradas pelos alunos e as anotações de seus questionamentos, contando com a participação de 47 estudantes dos anos finais do ensino fundamental. No primeiro momento da oficina, alguns estudantes preferiram o uso de palavras em vez de desenhos, o que evidencia dificuldade em criar uma representação de um ambiente pouco familiar. No segundo momento, houve um melhor entendimento de fotografias retratando ambientes polares, indicando uma ampliação da percepção inicial. A evolução verificada na compreensão dos ambientes polares foi provocada pelo diálogo conduzido pelas dúvidas e curiosidades dos discentes, o que promoveu uma percepção mais complexa das relações existentes entre os elementos característicos daquela região.
Stable emission of solar laser power under non-continuous solar tracking conditions
Authors: Catela Miguel , Liang Dawei , Vistas Cláudia R. , Garcia Dário , Costa Hugo , Tibúrcio Bruno D. , Almeida Joana
Published: February 2023

Solar laser technology typically requires a highly accurate solar
tracking system that operates continuously, which increases energy
consumption and reduces the system’s lifetime. We propose a multi-rod
solar laser pumping approach to enhance solar laser stability under
non-continuous solar tracking conditions. Using a heliostat, solar
radiation is redirected toward a first-stage parabolic concentrator.
At its focus, an aspheric lens further concentrates the solar rays
onto five Nd:YAG rods positioned within an elliptical-shaped pump
cavity. Numerical analysis using Zemax and LASCAD software showed that
the tracking error width at 10% laser power loss for the five
6.5 mm diameter and 15 mm length rods was 2.20°, which
is 50% higher than that of the solar laser in previous non-continuous
solar tracking experiments. 2.0% solar-to-laser conversion efficiency
was also attained.
Lossless temporal contrast analysis of laser speckle images from periodic signals
Authors: González Olmos Alberto , Humlesen Zaka , Matchkov Vladimir , Postnov Dmitry D.
Published: February 2023

Laser speckle contrast imaging is a technique that provides valuable physiological information about vascular topology and blood flow dynamics. When using contrast analysis, it is possible to obtain detailed spatial information at the cost of sacrificing temporal resolution and vice versa. Such a trade-off becomes problematic when assessing blood dynamics in narrow vessels. This study presents a new contrast calculation method that preserves fine temporal dynamics and structural features when applied to periodic blood flow changes, such as cardiac pulsatility. We use simulations and in vivo experiments to compare our method with the standard spatial and temporal contrast calculations and demonstrate that the proposed method retains the spatial and temporal resolutions, resulting in the improved estimation of the blood flow dynamics.
Simulations of layer effects in confocal photothermal microscopy
Authors: Zaldivar Escola Facundo
Published: February 2023

This work presents a detailed study of how the thermal diffusivity measurement of a sample is affected by the deposition of an absorbent layer on its surface, when analyzed by confocal photothermal microscopy. First, the temperature distribution and surface curvature of a solid, which are related to the two basic mechanisms that modify the signal measured with that technique, are solved by means of the spatial Fourier transform, considering a semi-infinite substrate with a surface layer, which is heated by a modulated pump beam. Based on the calculated solutions, the typical signals of this technique are simulated, varying parameters such as the thickness of the layer, the material, and the pump beam radius. These signals are fitted by means of usual theoretical photothermal models that allow the retrieving of the substrate thermal diffusivity, but ignore the existence of the layer. In this way, the zones of validity of the same models are identified from the analysis of the fitting error, and the shift between the recovered and expected value.
Metalens integrated receiver to reduce the effect of angle of arrival jitter in free space optical communication
Authors: Islam Md Shafiqul , Shahverdi Kaveh , Boyraz Ozdal
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we propose a metalens integrated receiver for free space optical communication, which provides robust performance in the presence of angle of arrival fluctuations jitter. As a proof of concept, we show that our proposed receiver can tolerate up to a 2.5 mrad angle of arrival fluctuations with a detector radius of 20 µm before reaching a 3 dB power penalty. We design a meta unit cell to realize the optimized phase profile and present a quasi-3D full wave simulation of the proposed architecture. The system shows steady signal power and bit error rate in the presence of angle of arrival fluctuation.
Optical rectification and electro-optic sampling in quartz
Authors: Balos Vasileios , Wolf Martin , Kovalev Sergey , Sajadi Mohsen
Published: February 2023

We report the electro-optic sampling (EOS) response and the terahertz (THz) optical rectification (OR) of the z-cut α-quartz. Due to its small effective second-order nonlinearity, large transparency window and hardness, freestanding thin quartz plates can faithfully measure the waveform of intense THz pulses with MV/cm electric-field strength. We show that both its OR and EOS responses are broad with extension up to ∼8 THz. Strikingly, the latter responses are independent of the crystal thickness, a plausible indication of dominant surface contribution to the total second-order nonlinear susceptibility of quartz at THz frequencies. Our study introduces the crystalline quartz as a reliable THz electro-optic medium for high field THz detection, and characterize its emission as a common substrate.
All-optical control of topological valley transport in graphene metasurfaces
Authors: Wang Yupei , You Jian Wei , Panoiu Nicolae C.
Published: February 2023

We demonstrate that the influence of Kerr effect on valley-Hall topological transport in graphene metasurfaces can be used to implement an all-optical switch. In particular, by taking advantage of the large Kerr coefficient of graphene, the index of refraction of a topologically-protected graphene metasurface can be tuned via a pump beam, which results in an optically controllable frequency shift of the photonic bands of the metasurface. This spectral variation can in turn be readily employed to control and switch the propagation of an optical signal in certain waveguide modes of the graphene metasurface. Importantly, our theoretical and computational analysis reveals that the threshold pump power needed to optically switch ON/OFF the signal is strongly dependent on the group velocity of the pump mode, especially when the device is operated in the slow-light regime. This study could open up new routes towards active photonic nanodevices whose underlying functionality stems from their topological characteristics.
Continuous variable spin–orbit total angular momentum entanglement on the higher-order Poincaré sphere
Authors: Guo Hui , Liu Na , Sun Hengxin , Liu Kui , Gao Jiangrui
Published: February 2023

Optical spin–orbit coupling is an important phenomenon and has fruitful applications. Here, we investigate the spin–orbit total angular momentum entanglement in the optical parametric downconversion process. Four pairs of entangled vector vortex modes are experimentally generated directly using a dispersion- and astigmatism-compensated single optical parametric oscillator, and for the first time, to the best of our knowledge, the spin–orbit quantum states are characterized on the quantum higher-order Poincaré sphere, and the relationship of spin–orbit total angular momentum Stokes entanglement is demonstrated. These states have potential applications in high-dimensional quantum communication and multiparameter measurement.
Controllable transmissive-reflective multifunction terahertz metasurface by different polarization and operating frequencies
Authors: Li Jiu-Sheng , Li Wang-Sheng , Chen Yi , Guo Feng-Lei
Published: February 2023

Due to the limitations of frequency bands and control methods, it is difficult to achieve multi-functional integration and real-time regulation of full-space metasurfaces. In this paper, we proposed a switchable transmissive-reflective mode terahertz metasurface independently depending on the incident wave frequencies and polarizations. The unit cell consists of four metallic layers, which are separated by three silicon dioxide layers. When the x-polarized wave is incident along the  ± z-axis, the meta-device achieves focusing function at 1.62 THz. When the y-polarized wave is incident along the  ± z-axis, the structure generates the reflective two and four splitting beams at a frequency of 0.82 THz and realizes a focused beam with a topological charge of l=±1 at a frequency of 1.65 THz. The full wave simulation results are in good agreement with the theoretical calculation predictions. The metasurface provides a new idea for the control of terahertz devices, and has a broad application prospect in the field of terahertz systems.
Highly-efficient third-harmonic generation from ultrapure diamond crystals
Authors: Abulikemu Aizitiaili , Hase Muneaki
Published: February 2023

We report on a direct generation of efficient and wavelength-tunable third-harmonic generation (THG) from ultrapure electronic-grade (EG) diamond crystals. Under an ultrafast infrared excitation at 1280 nm, the considerably high optical conversion efficiency of ∼ 0.7% at a THG wavelength of 427 nm is obtained, and the THG signal can be tuned over ultra-broadband range from 420 to 730 nm. We argue that the THG efficiency is originating from minimum absorption loss and phase-matching conditions in EG diamond. Enhanced THG from EG diamond crystal represents a new paradigm for establishing efficient diamond-based frequency converters, quantum sensing, and quantum communications platforms.
Phase refractive index measurement of thick glass plates with a spectrally resolved interferometer
Authors: Zhang Kaining , Sasaki Osami , Luo Songjie , Choi Samuel , Suzuki Takamasa , Pu Jixiong
Published: February 2023

Measurements of phase refractive indexes of thick objects by using fitting method have been reported in many papers, but the fitting method produces errors in the fitted coefficients of a fitting function. In this paper it is made clear that the thickness of object, for which the phase refractive index can be measured exactly, is limited by the errors. Phase refractive indexes of three kinds of glass plates of 1 mm thickness are measured directly from spectral phases detected with a spectrally resolved interferometer. Instead of using the fitting method, the 2π phase ambiguity contained in a detected spectral phase is determined by using an assumption that an actual refractive index measured in experiment is almost the same as well-known data of the refractive index. The actual refractive indexes measured with an error less than 8 × 10−5 are slightly different from the well-known data about the slope and the constant value in the distributions.
Self-heating allows Athermal Laser Diode Wavelength Control using a Thermally Insulating Sub-mount over a 70 °C range
Authors: Mickus Dovydas , Mckenna Robert , Corbett Simon , Murphy Caolán , McDermott Michael , T.Naimi Sepideh , Donegan John
Published: February 2023

The wavelength of a single frequency quantum dot distributed feedback (DFB) laser operating in the O-band is athermalised over a 74 °C ambient temperature range. Two techniques are presented, one utilising the laser self-heating for tuning control, the other using a resistive heater. Both techniques show greatly improved power efficiency over conventional wavelength control schemes, and both demonstrate wavelength stability of better than 0.1 nm (17.5 GHz) without mode hops over the entire temperature range. The use of a high temperature quantum dot laser together with an innovative submount design to increase the thermal impedance of the device enables the improved use of the laser self-heating for wavelength tuning. The submount design entails the laser being suspended over an air gap with the use of glass supports, preventing heat from escaping from the diode.
Real-time noise-free inline self-interference incoherent digital holography with temporal geometric phase multiplexing
Authors: Choi Kihong , Lee Jae-Won , Shin Jungyeop , Hong Keehoon , Park Joongki , Kim Hak-Rin
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we propose a real-time incoherent digital holographic (IDH) recording system free from bias and twin-image noises. A motionless three-step polarization-encoded phase-shifter operating at 99 Hz is realized with two electrically controllable birefringence-mode liquid crystal cells operating in tandem with a geometric phase lens and polarizers. Based on the proposed optical configuration, a coaxial straight-line self-interference IDH recording system is devised. Notably, the elimination of bias and twin-image noise from three phase-shifted images is demonstrated as a proof of concept. Moreover, complex-valued holographic video acquisitions with a resolution greater than 20 megapixels are demonstrated, with an effective acquisition frequency of 33 Hz.
Interpulse stimulation Fourier-transform coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy: publisher’s note
Authors: Lu Minjian , Zhang Yujia , Chen Xinyi , Li Yan , Wei Haoyun
Published: February 2023

This publisher’s note corrects the funding order in Photon. Res. 11, 357 (2023)10.1364/PRJ.473841.