bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Testing of Mechanical Splices for Titanium Alloy Bars
Authors: Acharya Mahesh , Mashal Mustafa
Published: June 2022

Recently application of Titanium Alloy Bars (TiABs) has been gaining popularity in retrofitting of bridges in the United States using near-surface mounted techniques. TiABs offer high strength, excellent corrosion resistance, enhanced fatigue performance, lighter weight, lower stiffness, and less residual deformation beyond the yield point. Currently, there is a lack of a splicing system for TiABs. There are various mechanical splicing systems available for conventional and high-strength steels; however, they have not been investigated for splicing of TiABs. The research investigates some of the existing splicing systems for pseudo-threaded TiABs. Mechanical splices from a producer in the United States are considered for this research. Three different types of mechanical couplers are investigated for splicing of #5 (ø16mm) and #6 (ø19mm) pseudo-threaded TiABs. TiABs larger than #6 are more expensive and harder to bend, therefore #5 and #6 TiABs are more popular and have been implemented in several bridges in the United States. Tensile testing is carried out on several #5 and #6 spliced TiABs in accordance with relevant ASTM Standards to investigate suitability of each splicing system. Observations from testing showed that only one type of splicing system was able to achieve failure of TiABs at a location away from the spliced region. The other two splicing systems had premature pullout or failure of the coupler itself. Testing results suggest that the successful coupler/splicing system was in close compliance with the requirements of AASHTO LRFD that require mechanical splices to achieve more than 125% of the yield strength of the bar. Given the lower strain hardening of TiABs (1.1) compared to conventional steel (1.5), the coupler system identified in this research is concluded to be adequate for mechanical splicing of #5 and #6 TiABs subjected to monotonic tensile stresses.
A Framework for Automated Bridge Inspections and Assessments with Visual Sensing Technology
Authors: Yan Yujie , Guldur Erkal Burcu , Hajjar Jerome F.
Published: June 2022

The use of visual sensing technology and autonomous robotic platforms provides significant capabilities to inspect, document and assess bridges for both routine inspection and after significant natural or manmade events. To advance these capabilities, this study presents an end-to-end framework for automated conversion of raw visual sensor data into meaningful information that is directly related to bridges. Three categories of information are considered: 1) object information that includes object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships; 2) surface damage information that includes both small deformations (e.g., cracks) and large deformations (e.g., bent members, alignment issues); 3) as-built bridge models that include solid geometry models and volumetric finite element meshes. With a focus on steel girder bridges, robust algorithms have been developed and used to validate the proposed framework based on real-world data collected in situ.
Seismic Performance Evaluation of an Existing Low-Rise RC Building after Strengthening using Nonlinear Static Procedure
Authors: Buddee Samard
Published: June 2022

This paper evaluates the seismic performance of an existing reinforced concrete (RC) building after strengthening by using the nonlinear static analysis procedure (NSP). The comprehension gained from such an evaluation can be used to propose effective control measures or strengthening techniques for other existing low-rise RC buildings. In this case study, the approach was applied to an existing 4-storey banquet hall with a basement in Bangkok, Thailand. During construction in 1998, the 3rd floor slab was partly demolished. Strengthening was then carried out by adding new RC columns. As the building was constructed in 1998, the structure no longer meets the new Thai regulation. As a result, the building may have had significant deficiencies, and an assessment had to be conducted according to the Thai Ministerial Regulation B.E. 2564 (2021) and ASCE 41-17. A seismic safety evaluation was applied after the building had been strengthened by using the NSP, which was performed by using a software program. The results showed that, after strengthening, it complied with the regulation and standards. Therefore, it was proven that this building is able to resist the selected seismic forces along with other loads to provide sufficient performance.
Standardized Seismic Design of Modular High-rise Steel Structure Equipped with Viscous Dampers
Authors: Zhao Xin , Wang Gang , Du Bingjie
Published: June 2022

Standardization is the key word of modular building, which requires modular building to have strong flexibility and replicability in engineering. Only by standardizing housing modules can factory assembly line production be realized. For modular buildings, buildings with similar functions often have similar height and load, and there is little difference in vertical load, while the difference of horizontal load in different sites can be huge. In order to realize the standardized construction of multi-intensity sites of modular houses, it is necessary to make the structural responses of different sites the same without changing the main structure. Based on the above background, a standardized design method for multi-intensity site damping of modular steel structures based on viscous dampers(VD) is proposed in this paper. the additional damping of the structure is increased by arranging viscous dampers to reduce the seismic response. in order to realize the construction of standard modular steel structure at different intensity sites, the automatic calculation of structural target additional damping ratio and the automatic design of viscous dampers are realized by coding design program. The optimal parameters, quantity and location of viscous dampers for different intensity areas can be obtained, and an actual high-rise modular steel structure engineering case is taken as an example to illustrate the correctness and applicability of this method.
Crack monitoring by fibre optics and image correlation: a pilot study
Authors: Saback Vanessa , Mirzazade Ali , Gonzalez‐Libreros Jaime , Blanksvärd Thomas , Popescu Cosmin , Täljsten Björn , Daescu Cosmin , Petersson Mats
Published: June 2022

As reinforced concrete structures reach the end of their design lives, technology for improving accuracy and efficiency of inspections and structural health monitoring rapidly progresses. Concrete cracking and reinforcement strains are two relevant parameters in assessing damage and safety of these structures. The use of Digital Image Correlation (DIC) systems and distributed Fibre Optic Sensors (FOS) to evaluate these parameters are two of the technologies that have been gaining momentum due to their advantages over other approaches. This study presents an experimental investigation of crack propagation of a reinforced concrete beam specimen through FOS and DIC. The FOS were positioned inside a groove carved in the rebar and in the concrete immediately outside the bar for comparison. The results showed a significant difference between both positions, with more reliable data coming from inside the bar. The addition of the DIC crack propagation images to the FOS analysis complemented the results, and good visual correlation was identified between both methods. This study is part of a broader research program, which aims at applying DIC and FOS for structural health monitoring of a real scale bridge structure.
Numerical and Experimental Studies on Thermoelectric Energy Harvesters using Temperature Difference in Concrete Bridges
Authors: Takeya Kouichi , Kimura Yuri , Sasaki Eiichi , Komori Seita , Yoshida Junji
Published: June 2022

Thermoelectric energy harvesting was studied using the temperature difference in concrete bridges. A design of the heat sink unit of thermoelectric energy harvesters was parametrically analyzed using FE models. Prototype thermoelectric energy harvesters were fabricated and tested in a simple wind tunnel. The experiment was carried out on a concrete bridge. The concrete bridge accumulated thermal energy from sunlight, and the temperature difference with the air occurred. The thermal energy was harvested especially in daytimes. On the other hand, electric power was less generated at night-times than expected. The harvesting energy would be significantly improved if the problem is solved.
Construction Engineering and Repair of the Severely Cracked West Seattle bridge
Authors: Žitný Jan , Kolínský Vojtěch , Pfuntner Jerry M.
Published: June 2022

The goal of this paper is to describe the deterioration progression through the lifetime of the West Seattle Bridge which led to its closure in March 2020 and to provide a summary of the rehabilitation and strengthening process. The main part of the paper focuses on the construction engineering phase of the rehabilitation and performed structural analysis. Detailed structural analysis was performed using advanced global shell element analysis model which was used to reveal the root causes of superstructure cracking and crack propagation in time. As a part of the construction engineering the superstructure was assessed in detail in all critical stages of strengthening and restrictive measures had to be taken to maintain sufficient level of safety during construction.
D4R7. Prievoz Interchange refurbishment at Bratislava
Authors: Bajo Pavía Carlos , Martín-Tereso López Luis , Candel Hernandis José Vicente , Włodzimirski Wojciech , Morávková Božena , Pykało Piotr , Vöröš Ivan , Simón-Talero José Manuel , Carriazo Ángel , Kalný Milan , Kvasnička Václav , Kopčák Ján
Published: June 2022

The project of Bratislava Bypass – D4R7, established as a Public-Private Partnership, consists of design, construction, financing, operation, and maintenance of D4 Motorway with a length of 27km and R7 expressway with a length of 32 km around Bratislava, the capital city of Slovakia. More than 110 structures were executed within the project, including concrete and steel bridges, box-girder, beam bridges, post-tensioned slabs, underpasses, animal crossings, pedestrian, cyclist bridges, and the 6th bridge over River Danube in Bratislava.

One of the most challenging parts of the D4R7 project is a rehabilitation of 8 bridges in 3-level interchange Prievoz, with a crossing of Highway D1 in the urban area of the Bratislava city, executed in the 1980s.
Prototype of no-projected and Sandglass-shaped Bolt with High- Strength and Durability for Efficient Steel Structures Maintenance
Authors: Hashimoto Tatsuya , Hayashi Gen , Yamaguchi Takashi , Moriyama Hitoshi
Published: June 2022

High-strength frictional bolted joints in civil engineering structures are corroded due to the thin coating thickness at the corners of the bolts and the nuts. A sandglass-shaped bolt composed of a countersunk head bolt and countersunk sleeve nut is being developed to secure the constant coating thickness and prevent corrosion. As its thread diameter is smaller than the usual one by the mechanism, an ultra-high-strength material must be applied to require the same fastening capacity as conventional bolts while considering stress concentration related to hydrogen embrittlement. This paper proposes a novel thread shape for the prototype of the sandglass-shaped bolt, whose stress concentration factor can be reduced by more than 30% current standard thread in Japan, focused on the magnitude of stress concentration. Moreover, FE analysis reveals the general fastening performance by comparing with or without the proposed thread.
Analysis of Machine Learning for Detect Concrete Crack Depths Using Infrared Thermography Technique
Authors: Jang Arum , Kim Jihyung , Park Min Jae , Ju Young K. , Kim Sung Jig
Published: June 2022

Recently, much research with high-tech technology is being conducted in building inspection. In previous studies, thermography technology quickly and accurately inspected the concrete crack defects, and several machine learning models can reliably predict the crack depths. In this study, the most proper model would be proposed according to the concrete crack by evaluating the adaptability of the seven machine learning models. The models also predicted the crack depths, and the data were applied to each machine learning considering concrete temperature and external parameters. In machine learning, less critical features were ignored by filtering existing data to find useful features related to crack depths. Machine learning models are evaluated, and the structures of the models were investigated to determine the feature importance and part dependence. Those enabled us to decide the most proper machine learning according to the cracks.
Experimental investigations of welding induced temperature gradients and distortions in a segment of an OSD
Authors: Maarleveld Arvid , Malschaert David , Veljković Milan
Published: June 2022

Orthotropic bridge decks are susceptible to fatigue cracks which are influenced by the thickness of their components, welding procedure, type of the weld, the position of the considered detail in relation to the local loading condition and by residual stresses due to welding. The above-mentioned parameters determine the detail category for fatigue resistance. This research focuses on an experimental investigation of the temperature distribution and distortions due to the welding of a connection between the deck plate, longitudinal stiffener and crossbeam. Three specimens were welded with dimensions of: 900x400 mm deck plate, 350mm deep trapezoidal longitudinal stiffener and 600mm long crossbeam in a workshop of a bridge fabricator. The crossbeams were manufactured with Haibach cope holes. The thickness of the deck plate and crossbeam was 15 mm, and the thickness of the longitudinal stiffener was 8mm. During the welding, the temperature was measured using a FLIR© E96 camera. The distortions were measured using an Artec Leo© scanner by comparing the initial state and the state after welding. 1.8 seconds after welding, steep temperature gradients were measured with a maximum of 1042°C. After cooling, a maximum upward displacement of 1.3 mm of the deck plate was measured. The main motivation of the experiments performed is to create a database for validation of a numerical model for the fatigue life prediction, which is left out of the scope of this paper. The order of magnitude of the deformation field is comparable to experiments found in the literature, although the results cannot be directly compared due to geometry, welding, and material differences.
Behavior of Orthotropic Steel-UHPC Composite Bridge Deck under Cyclic Loading
Authors: Shi Zhanchong , Su Qingtian , Veljković Milan
Published: June 2022

In recent years, ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been introduced in the design of orthotropic steel decks (OSD) to reduce the risk of fatigue cracking. To investigate the fatigue behaviour and fatigue damage process of the orthotropic steel-UHPC composite bridge deck, a full- scale specimen was designed and tested under cyclic loading. Test results show that the fatigue resistance of orthotropic steel-UHPC composite bridge deck satisfies the requirements of the designed vehicle load up to 2 million cycles with no cracks occurred in this phase. Rib-to-crossbeam weld and U-rib butt-welded connection are the two most vulnerable details to crack in OSD under cyclic loading. The fatigue resistance of U-rib bolted connection was investigated, and it is concluded that it performs better than that of U-rib butt-welded connection. The short-headed studs fractured under excessive cyclic loading and 5 types of the fatigue failure modes are identified. And the UHPC layer above the crossbeam exhibited limited number of cracks with the maximum crack width less than 0.05mm at the end of the cyclic, much beyond the requirements.
The assessment and condition survey of concrete prestressed bridges in the Czech railway network
Authors: Dejmek Tomáš , Kramoliš Filip , Ryjáček Pavel , Komanec Petr
Published: June 2022

Over the last few years, a detailed survey of a large number of prestressed bridge structures, approximately halfway through their expected service life, has been carried out on the railway network in the Czech Republic. In addition to the detailed diagnostic survey, load capacity calculations have been carried out by a number of major consultancies. The majority of the structures were precast, however typical and atypical monolithic structures were also included.

The results of the evaluation, typical defects, concrete quality and strengths, condition of prestressing reinforcement, an overall condition found, and results regarding load capacity are presented in this paper.
Assessment of Steel Railway Bridges for Wind and Traffic Load Effects
Authors: Žitný Jan , Ryjáček Pavel , Sýkora Miroslav
Published: June 2022

The paper describes the final results of the project focused on the assessment of the existing railway bridges with respect to the wind load and traffic load in both ultimate limit state and equilibrium limit state. The outcomes of the project are based on extensive wind tunnel testing. Detailed probabilistic and reliability study is presented in this contribution using the wind tunnel data, and available railway traffic and wind speed data for a given location. The main result is a set of reduction factors for wind forces acting on specific railway bridge types and rail vehicles and calibrated combination factors for simultaneous action of unloaded train and wind in equilibrium limit state.
TQL Stadium for FC Cincinnati
Authors: Mccormick Fergus , Finlay Tim , May Rob , Darcy Joe , Browning Gillian , Roorda Derrick , Skellorn Phil
Published: June 2022

TQL Stadium is the first dedicated home for FC Cincinnati, a major league soccer team. Buro Happold provided structural engineering services for the stadium. The stadium design meets all Major League Soccer criteria as well as being able to host FIFA sponsored events. All 26,000 seats in the newly designed stadium have excellent sightlines. A complete, 360-degree canopy roof covers every single seat in the stadium. Particular special characteristics of the structural design included the many varieties of seating and hospitality arrangement, the fast schedule and the structural façade interaction. Additionally the paper describes aspects of the analysis for seismic loading.
Design and construction of the Second Hinterrhein-Bridge
Authors: Galmarini Andreas , Ludin Matthias , Sidler Roman , Firth Ian , Trojaborg Steen Savery
Published: June 2022

The Second Hinterrhein-Bridge is an award-winning new 200m long single-track railway bridge spanning over the river Rhine and the Highway A13 in a picturesque valley in the Swiss Alps. It has four spans and is located adjacent to a magnificent historic steel truss railway bridge. In the continuation of this heritage structure, a matching new 50m long bridge is spanning over the highway. The two bridges were carefully designed into a highly significant and sensitive location both from a transport infrastructure, landscape and heritage point of view. The girders have identical U-shaped cross sections formed by trapezoidal steel boxes on each side, with the tracks supported on ballast on top of a steel plate stiffened by shallow transverse crossbeams. The girders were fabricated in segments in the workshop and assembled on site into lifting segments up to 50m long that were installed by crawler crane. The last segment was lifted onto the new bridge and launched over the highway. On the completed bridge, load tests with two locomotives were carried out before taking the bridge into service. The design was the winner of an international competition held in 2015.
ABOVE OR BELOW – this is the QUESTION
Authors: Bednarski Cezary M.
Published: June 2022

The subject of bridges and bridge design is amply covered in literature and research. It is less so as far as tunnels are concerned, and what is there is almost exclusively engineering biased, while a stigma of perception is attached to the idea of tunnels, especially non-vehicular ones. This paper sets out to offer a glimpse into situations where a decision had to be made as to whether a bridge or a tunnel was the most appropriate solution to a crossing. Cases presented relate to situations where the decision went in favour of a tunnel. These include the proposed Waitemata Harbour crossing, the Channel Tunnel, Fehmarn Belt Fixed Link, the proposed tunnel linking the Isle of Wight with the UK mainland. It also offers a provocative comparison between la Habana and Sydney, with a tunnel in La Habana port and a bridge in Sydney. The author’s proposed garden tunnel between Canary Wharf and Rotherhithe in London served as the catalyst for this paper.
Education City Stadium, Doha, Qatar
Authors: Mccormick Fergus , May Rob , Finlay Tim , Darcy Joe , Isaksson Johanna , Naslund Isak
Published: June 2022

Education City Stadium is one of seven venues in Qatar commissioned specifically by The Supreme Committee for Delivery and Legacy for the 2022 FIFA World Cup. Holding 45,350 people, this spectacular venue will stage eight matches, from group games through to the quarter finals. The stadium was officially opened in June 2020 and has already hosted the final of the FIFA Club World Championship.

The design includes an efficient cable net roof (Figure 1) aligned with the structural imperative to reduce material use and, therefore, embodied carbon. This design helped meet the Supreme Committee target of a five-star GSAS (Global Sustainability Assessment System) rating. The project team are rightly proud of achieving that target.
3D scanning applications in structural design
Authors: Nagy Zsolt , Kelemen Andrea , Sánduly Annabella
Published: June 2022

The 3D scanning of existing structures has become easily available nowadays for practicing structural engineers. The number of specialised companies to perform this service is in a constant rise, while the financial burden of the service is considered to be good value for money. The current study aims to present different methods of using 3D scanning in structural design processes, showing the importance of integrating innovative and new technologies in the day-to-day life of structural engineers. The presented applications of 3D scanning in structural design include load evaluation of existing structures, in order to determine the real loading or load carrying capacity reserves; measuring the construction imperfection and execution errors; mapping the surroundings of new constructions, if these are connected to non-uniform surfaces of existing structures; damage evaluation of steel elements in the aftermath of a fire, in order to determine the elements that could be reused during the rehabilitation process of the structure. The authors present real life examples from their structural design practice, concerning evaluation of different existing structures and rehabilitation projects of historical monuments.
Proposal of ultrasonic bolt axial force evaluation method using machine learning and signal processing
Authors: Hirao Kensho , Sasaki Eiichi , Ito Yuichi , Takeya Kouichi , Suzuki Keigo , Morita Katumi
Published: June 2022

It has been confirmed that bolt axial force of high-strength bolted joints decreases due to various effects. Generally, evaluating the bolt axial force of existing bolts has been an important issue. In a conventional ultrasonic bolt axial force evaluation method, bolt length change due to the change of bolt axial force is evaluated. However, bolt length can include uncertainty due to manufacturing errors. Hence, in this study, attention was paid to the deformed shape of the bolt head, which has a little dependency on the bolt length, and application of signal processing and machine learning was attempted. It was shown that the waveform data obtained from the bolt head by ultrasonic testing included characteristic signals indicating the bolt axial force. The target characteristic signal was detected by the parasitic discrete wavelet transform (P-DWT). A highly accurate bolt axial force evaluation method was proposed by applying machine learning to characteristic signals.
Fly ash Based Banana Fiber-reinforced Geopolymer Mortar
Authors: Pilien Vincent P. , Ongpeng Jason Maximino C. , Oreta Andres Winston C. , Garciano Lessandro Estelito O. , Promentilla Michael Angelo B. , Guades Ernesto J. , Leaño Jr. Julius L.
Published: June 2022

Banana fiber-reinforced geopolymer (BFRG) mortar is an engineered cementitious composite (ECC) that can be used in masonry units and repair system of different concrete elements. During geopolymerization, only small amount of carbon dioxide (CO2) is generated and reinforcing it with banana fibers (BFs) made the matrix compact and more earth-friendly. BFs treated with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) enhanced its surface roughness and significantly increased its tensile properties. Design of experiment (DOE) with 13 design mixtures are aimed to obtain the highest value of compressive strength. Factors considered in the DOE are the silica fume (SF) and BF content, ratios of the activator to precursor, water to solids, NaOH to water glass (WG) and fly ash (FA) to sand. The experiment revealed the optimum BFRG mortar and the compatibility of BF to the geopolymer which gained great values for workability, split tensile strength and compressive strength.
Control of Fatigue in Hydraulic Steel Structures
Authors: Daniel Ryszard A.
Published: June 2022

Hydraulic Structures, like lock gates, movable river weirs, tide and flood barriers, are subject to varying loads that may lead to fatigue damage. These loads are primarily generated by differential water heads, but also by waves, gate drive forces, vibrations in flow and other actions. The existing guidelines in the field of fatigue did not sufficiently cover the specific operation conditions and demands that apply to hydraulic structures. An improvement in this matter was the investigation report by a Working Group of PIANC, the International Association for Waterborne Infrastructure. The intention of this paper is to describe the practices followed by designers, constructors and maintenance crews of hydraulic structures with respect to fatigue control; and to evaluate the applicability of existing codes and regulations in this regard. The discussed subject constitutes a challenge for both existing and prospective hydraulic steel structures.
The new City Bridge of Drammen: A structural insight
Authors: Clemente Alejandro , Albero Sergio , Velayos Diego , Enríquez Adrián , Ibáñez Fernando , Opgård Birger , Rando Mario
Published: June 2022

The new City Bridge of Drammen, or Bybrua in Norwegian, is a 258.9m long urban bridge that will cross the railway station and the river. This new structure, that replaces the existing bridge, will connect the main areas of the city, Strømsø to the south and Bragernes to the north. The final design is a collaboration between Degree of Freedom, Norconsult, SAAHA and Knight Architects, outstanding for its symbolism as major landmark of the city.

The long structural design process of this bridge has overcome significant challenges such as the poor ground conditions in the riverbed, finding and adequate erection sequence, large ice loads and the coordination between different owners and multiple interdisciplinary teams.

Also highlight the fact that this bridge has been completely modelled using BIM technologies for all the disciplines, emphasizing the steel parts and reinforced concrete elements.
Influence of large-scale asperities on the stability of concrete dams
Authors: Ulfberg Adrian , Gonzalez-Libreros Jaime , Das Oisik , Sas Gabriel , Andersson Erik , Bistaa Dipen , Arntsen Bård , Seger Andreas
Published: June 2022

For concrete dams founded on rock, there are only a few options in the common analysis methods to account for large‐scale asperities. However, previous research alludes that they have a significant impact on the behaviour of interfaces under shear. This study investigates the behaviour of concrete dam scale models with varying interface geometries, under a realistic set of eccentric loads. The outcome of the scale model tests shows that not only the capacity of the scale models was significantly impacted by the asperities, but also the type of failure in the scale models.
Wind & Seismic Design of a Steel Preheater Tower - Adapting Ductility Capacity to Demand
Authors: Hoogendoorn Peter Paul , Ares Gestal Ignacio Fernando , Alonso Zalacaín María
Published: June 2022

Preheater towers in cement plants are tall, multi-storey buildings housing heavy equipment. Their lateral load design for wind and seismic loads is an important cost-driving aspect. A case study of a mainly steel preheater tower located in the Philippines, a region with high hurricane and earthquake hazard, is used to assess how wind and seismic design affect the structural steel weight. In particular, the impact on steel weight is quantified for low and high-ductility seismic designs. Finally, performance-based design procedures are used to evaluate the seismic performance of these designs. It is shown that, for the given load conditions, high ductility seismic design leads to a significant increase in steel weight while offering no superior performance for the design and maximum credible earthquake level. Essentially elastic, low-ductility, seismic design is shown to be most economic and simple from design, fabrication, and erection perspective.
The role of key structural components such as bearings, expansion joints, dampers and STUs in addressing the challenges faced by railway bridges
Authors: Jelínek David , Mettner Knut , Meng Niculin
Published: June 2022

In the field of bridge construction and maintenance, the demands on key structural components such as bearings, expansion joints, dampers and shock transmission units are typically considerably more demanding in the case of railway bridges than of road bridges. Loading from rail traffic is generally much higher, including not only vertical loads but also horizontal forces due to braking, acceleration and track curvature, and can give rise to stronger vibrations. Bearings must be designed to resist all such forces and accommodate required movements, expansion joints must be designed to prevent the ingress of ballast stones where appropriate or alternatively to allow railway/tram tracks to pass through at grade, and the need for dampers (shock absorbers) and shock transmission units (lock-up devices) to control the flow of forces through the structure is typically much greater. This subject is explored with examples of suitable technical solutions and of their application.
Role of Heritage Building Information Management in Indian Urban Infrastructure
Authors: Roy B. C. , Pawar Vikram
Published: June 2022

Building Information Modelling has almost replaced CAD as an industry standard and yet when it comes to Historic buildings, Historic Building Information Management/ Modelling (H-BIM) is still in its formative stage and face many challenges before they can truly be accepted as mainstream tool.

The paper draws upon the experiences of the authors in using BIM tool for modelling historic cores as part of their professional as well as academic engagements. Through example of their professional work (one of which has involved modelling of heritage precinct of DN Road, Mumbai), the paper makes a case for better awareness amongst the professional community as well as governance about the potential of the HBIM for better conservation and management practices. The paper would further suggest measures in academics as well as policies for enabling an effective adaptation of these digital age tools for better communication and transparency amongst all stakeholders involved in the process of urban development and conservation.
Design and behavior analysis of a long free expansion length, multi-span, V-shaped pier supported bridge
Authors: Verbraken Hans , Bauduin Christophe , Gamme Xavier , Bodarwè Eric , Maas Toon , Bolhuis Johan
Published: June 2022

In order to complete the connection between the A15 and A12 highways in the Dutch region Gelderland, a bridge complex over the river Pannerdensch Kanaal will be constructed. The bridge complex consists of a main span over the river summer bed, and two approach bridges over the eastern and western floodplains. This contribution presents the design vision of the bridge complex that focusses on an inclusive design connecting the local residents, the fauna and the flora. The design of the approach bridge is presented in more detail in this paper. The design of the main span is presented in another paper.

The eastern and western approach bridges only have expansion joints at their end supports and hence have a free expansion length of approximately 600m and 1200m. They consist of a longitudinally and transversally post-tensioned concrete deck with approximate span of 36m and width of 30m. The deck is supported by 54 piers in total with two bearings per pier, of which one transversally guided and one free sliding. Furthermore, the structure contains a steel bicycle bridge that is suspended below the deck and passes through the two supports of the V-shaped piers. The slender piers, part of them in an old sand mining pit, are subjected to important second order effects and, due to their V-shape, high tensile stresses that are controlled by an additional steel tie between both supports.

Due to its uncommon characteristics, the multi-span approach bridge is characterized by the complex interaction between superstructure and substructure. The large width of the bridge, allowing large eccentric traffic loads, and the V-shaped piers create important transversal interaction forces between deck and piers. The large free expansion length in combination with a plan curvature also creates transversal forces due to temperature effects and results in large longitudinal loads on the fixed points.
Laser- and laser-hybrid welding of steel bridge structures
Authors: Dørum Cato , Veie Johannes , Askeland Tore
Published: June 2022

The Norwegian Public Road Administration has been challenged to reduce both cost and environmental impact in the development of bridge concepts for crossing the Norwegian fjords along the coastal highway route E39. Motivated by the experience from shipbuilding and automotive industry, a technology qualification programme has been initiated to enable the use of automated laser- and laser-hybrid welding in production of steel bridge structures. Laser- and laser- hybrid welding is less energy intensive compared with traditional arc welding methods, give less distortion, and reduces the need for heat straightening. High power lasers are very effective in welding of steel plates due to the keyhole mode. High power intensity generates a vapour filled cavity and high penetration depth, enabling improved productivity by using single-pass welding of thick steel plates (> 10 mm) without the need to turn sections. The technology qualification programme consists of welding experiments both on laboratory scale and using an industrial production line. Narrow and deep weld geometry can result in high hardness and weld defects. However, the present work demonstrates that by using a steel quality with low carbon content hardness values well below the requirements can be achieved. This paper presents results and experience from qualification of welding procedures, non-destructive examination and destructive testing, and production of steel sandwich elements. Fatigue tests of laser-hybrid welded butt joints and T-joints are currently being carried out to define appropriate detail categories in accordance with NS-EN 1993-1-9.
Is It Feasible to Change a Prostitution Localization? Exploring Community Empowerment Issue
Authors: Suryani Adi , Soedarso Soedarso , Setiawan Setiawan , Wahyuddin Wahyuddin , Prasetyawati Niken , Suarmini Ni wayan
Published: June 2022

The closing of Doli prostitution in 2014 has been causing significant consequences for Doli community. They can no longer rely their life on economic raised from prostitution-supporting jobs. They must adapt to social and economic changes and transform themselves. In this changing process, Doli community should learn and develop some new skills to run their own home industries or develop UKMs together. Today, Doli community develops their UKMs’, changing its’ prostitution face into community with many small-scale home industries and gradually leaving their prostitution image. However, during this process, there are several issues and challenges emerge and threaten their development sustainability. Thus, this paper aims to explore several issues and challenges of Doli empowerment which may impact on their process to be self-sustained community. The study adopts qualitative research methodology. The data are collected through direct observation, focus group discussion and communication with local people. The study indicates that there are two types of alarming issues and challenges potentially obstructing Doli sustainability. The first is the UKM’s production-related issue, in which local people difficulties in managing their product, including marketing, processing, financing, staffing and distributing. The second issue is relating to social character, including competition, resistance to change. The study recommends several community educations for Doli’s UKMs: basic grounding education, practical and entrepreneurial and community character education.
Lateritic Soil and Bentonite Mixtures Assessment for Liner Usage Purpose
Authors: Farnezi Magali K. , Leite Adilson L.
Published: June 2022

Among all the constructive elements in waste containment systems, base liner may be the one of greatest concern. In Brazil, the use of compacted lateritic soils for this purpose is widely accepted due to their wide occurrence. While they usually achieve compaction and strength requirements, sometimes they may need some improvement in terms of hydraulic conductivity and reactivity to contaminants. This paper describes a laboratory assessment of two mixtures of a lateritic soil and bentonite for liner usage purpose. Laboratory tests included geotechnical, mineralogical and physicochemical characterization, hydraulic conductivity determination in compacted samples and modified Atterberg Limits and grain-size distribution analysis. These two last tests were intended to evaluate the compatibility between the soil and different chemical solutions. The characterization tests showed that the clay content of the mixtures decreased and the plasticity and activity increased relative to the natural soil sample. The hydraulic conductivity of the compacted mixtures decreased two to four times when compared to the compacted natural soil. The results also have demonstrated that the addition of bentonite in the proportions used in the tests increased the compatibility of the natural soil.
Some Applications of Linear Viscoelasticity to Problems of Consolidation under Variable Loading
Authors: Maria Paulo E.L.S. , Maria Flávia C. M.S. , Martins Ian S.M.
Published: June 2022

The main purpose of this paper is to present a general method to derive closed form solutions for one-dimensional consolidation problems under time dependent loading using the Linear Viscoelasticity theory. A review of the basic concepts of this theory is initially presented and, mainly for illustration purposes, the method is applied to three consolidation problems, leading to relevant solutions for Geotechnical Engineering. In the first application, considering Terzaghi’s and Barron’s solutions, creep functions are determined for vertical and radial drainage, allowing derivation of expressions for one-dimensional consolidation under a number of linear loads for these drainage conditions. Using Carrillo’s equation, the creep function for combined vertical and radial drainage is obtained, leading to corresponding solution for linear variable loading. Partial submersion of embankments on soft soils is another consolidation problem under time dependent loading solved by means of Viscoelasticity. Classical approximate solutions are used in this second application to establish creep functions for vertical drainage and exact Barron’s solution to establish creep function for radial drainage. An expression for late stages of consolidation is also derived for combined vertical and radial drainage condition. The third application considers the problem of load transfer from a consolidating deposit of soft clay to a pattern of drain columns of finite stiffness. Diagrams concerning a case of consolidation under linear variable three-step loading and consolidation with partial submersion of the fill are provided to illustrate the solutions obtained.
Barter in the Path of a Citizen-Consumer: An Autoethnographic Viewpoint
Authors: Sánchez-Casanova Wendy Marilú
Published: June 2022

Barter comes from citizen-costumer, exchanging good or services for others without monetary reference (use value that provides welfare) and its context is the social and solidarity economy. The aim of this study was to describe barter as a supportive practice facilitating the learning process of a citizen-consumer, who puts a critical awareness first when deciding how purchase goods and services. Following a qualitative methodology, through auto-ethnography focused on an individual barter experience in Mexico City (from 2012 to 2014) in three stages: 1) decision to be citizen-consumer, 2) specific barter experience and 3) how that experience ended. Barter was found to promote sustainability, as the crossing of objects with useful life resists planned and perceived obsolescence, constituting an innovative, community and conscious exercise based on trust and organic interactions, inspiring actions for a broad individual and collective presence on the stage sociopolitical. However, barter could be restricted by the lack of coincidence of needs and desires. It is concluded that barter is a learning process that involves tries and error, building and deconstructing individuals, societies, expectations, and practices aimed at addressing poverty and inequality caused by the pre-eminence of the paradigm of value change.
Entre lo bestial y lo sagrado: discursos esencialistas y reacción neoconservadora en Latinoamérica
Authors: Caneva Hernán , Parra Fabiana
Published: June 2022

El presente artículo es producto de una investigación en curso cuyo objetivo consistió en examinar las tensiones presentes en ciertos discursos provenientes de sectores neoconservadores liberales y religiosos en nuestra región latinoamericana. El propósito de dicha investigación fue mostrar, por una parte, los supuestos esencialistas de estos discursos (supuestos que sin embargo, pueden analizarse también al interior del propio feminismo); y por otra, mostrar los efectos negativos que estas construcciones discursivas implican. Subsidiariamente, se presentan alternativas para desarticularlos. Para llevar a cabo los objetivos se aplicó el método cualitativo de análisis crítico- conceptual con la técnica de revisión documental y análisis del discurso de experiencias históricas en las que tienen un estatuto central las representaciones basadas en una supuesta esencia para legitimar prácticas de violencia y de exclusión. Lo cual permitió mostrar las continuidades con los fenómenos ideológicos discursivos desatados por la avanzada neoconservadora actual en Latinoamérica, específicamente en Argentina. Finalmente, el trabajo argumenta la necesidad de ejercer la vigilancia epistémica necesaria para que los discursos en cuestión dejen de permear todas las capas de la sociedad.
Un dilema democrático en México: disenso social ante la promesa de cambio político
Authors: Peña-Serret Daniel
Published: June 2022

Aquí se exploró el problema de cómo se comporta un presidente que ostenta un cambio democratizador cuando su actuación y proyecto son contestados por ciudadanos movilizados por causas legítimas. El estudio tuvo un carácter exploratorio, con un enfoque cualitativo y basado en la combinación de técnicas de observación documental de fuentes primarias para la caracterización de los tres movimientos sociales seleccionados, comunidades indígenas en contra dela infraestructura denominada “Tren Maya”, seis movilizaciones feministas y el Frente Nacional Anti-AMLO, desarrollados en los dos primeros años del mandato presidencial de AMLO en México. Se recurrió al análisis de contenido a nivel semántico para fundamentar las inferencias acerca de la estrategia que ante ellos despliega el gobierno federal en turno, con el objetivo de identificar algún patrón de comportamiento del presidente hacia el disenso político movilizado. Se encontró que la estrategia presidencial comporta cuatro rasgos característicos: 1) desacreditar toda movilización de disenso político e inconformidad, a partir de estigmatizar a sus protagonistas; 2) dilatar las respuestas gubernamentales efectivas para resolver los conflictos generados, ante la ineficacia para instrumentarlas; 3) desplazar el foco de la agenda y discusión pública de los asuntos colectivos, hacia el ámbito dirigido y controlado políticamente de los medios públicos y convertirlos en objeto de controversia entre “bandos políticos”; 4) manipular la opinión pública, acosando al periodismo crítico y sirviéndose del aparato estatal de medios públicos para promover una imagen favorable al presidente y al partido gobernante. Se concluye que esa estrategia entraña el riesgo de instalar una especie de “tiranía de la mayoría” sobre las minorías disidentes, con consecuencias indeseables de cara a la tarea colectiva de afirmar una democracia socialmente equitativa e incluyente.
Crise política, pandêmica e social: estudo do Governo Bolsonaro no contexto da COVID19 no Brasil
Authors: Macedo Gondo Roberto , De Morais Oliveira Lígia
Published: June 2022

El objetivo de este artículo es presentar resultados de una investigación probabilística cuantitativa realizada con la población brasileña en el territorio nacional para identificar las percepciones del gobierno presidencial de Jair Bolsonaro en Brasil. El corte de investigación está dimensionado para los años 2019 y 2020, con el propósito de alinearse con la primera parte del mandato del actual presidente y converger en los temas más representativos que surgieron en el contexto brasileño y global, como el enfrentamiento de la pandemia del COVID19. y las respectivas políticas públicas orientadas al combate y control de la enfermedad, el fortalecimiento y lineamientos de los movimientos sociales y la renovación política que han surgido en los últimos años y la postura del gobierno bajo la conducta diplomática e internacional. De acuerdo con los parámetros de la investigación, fue posible identificar un creciente descontento con el gobierno federal brasileño, bajo el prisma de combatir la pandemia y acciones para estimular el crecimiento económico. Factores que apuntan a las dificultades que se enfrentarán en el segundo mandato, que culminará estratégicamente en las elecciones de 2022 y posible intento de reelección del Ejecutivo.