bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus and influenza infections in hospitalized children before and during the COVID‐19 pandemic in Central China
Authors: Ren Lingshuang , Lin Li , Zhang Hua , Wang Qianli , Cheng Yibing , Liu Qin , Fang Bing , Xie Linsen , Wang Meng , Yang Juan , Guo Jinxin , Zhang Tianchen , Lian Hongkai , Wang Jiangtao , Yu Hongjie
Published: February 2023

Background

Globally, the epidemiology of non‐SARS‐CoV‐2 respiratory viruses like respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza virus was remarkably influenced by the implementation of non‐pharmacological interventions (NPIs) during the COVID‐19 pandemic. Our study explored the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pediatric patients hospitalized with RSV or influenza infection before and during the pandemic after relaxation of NPIs in central China.

Methods

This hospital‐based prospective case‐series study screened pediatric inpatients (age ≤ 14 years) enrolled with acute respiratory infections (ARI) for RSV or influenza infection from 2018 to 2021. The changes in positivity rates of viral detection, epidemiological, and clinical characteristics were analyzed and compared.

Results

Median ages of all eligible ARI patients from 2018–2019 were younger than those from 2020–2021, so were ages of cases infected with RSV or influenza (RSV: 4.2 months vs. 7.2 months; influenza: 27.3 months vs. 37.0 months). Where the positivity rate for influenza was considerably decreased in 2020–2021 (1.4%, 27/1964) as compared with 2018–2019 (2.9%, 94/3275, P < 0.05), it was increased for RSV (11.4% [372/3275] vs. 13.3% [262/1964], P < 0.05) in the same period. The number of severe cases for both RSV and influenza infection were also decreased in 2020–2021 compared with 2018–2019.

Conclusions

The implemented NPIs have had varied impacts on common respiratory viruses. A more effective prevention strategy for RSV infections in childhood is needed.
If they rise, will we fall? Social identity uncertainty and preference for collective victimhood rhetoric
Authors: Belavadi Sucharita , Hogg Michael A.
Published: February 2023

Intergroup status relations are in a constant flux, and groups monitor and pay attention to not only their own status as active and distinctive entities to ensure survival but also monitor the status and vitality of rival outgroups that are viewed as a threat to ingroup status. This study, set within the context of Indian religious intergroup relations, examines whether perceived outgroup vitality and status are associated with uncertainty about the ingroup's future and whether heightened uncertainty is associated with greater preference for leadership rhetoric that highlights ingroup collective victimhood and suffering. Indian Hindu (N = 163) participants recruited through MTurk completed measures of religious identification, outgroup vitality, and future uncertainty and were randomly assigned to read either a victimhood message or a pro‐diversity message by a prospective leader. Uncertainty about the ingroup's future mediated the relationship between outgroup vitality and leader support; leader speech moderated the relationship between uncertainty and leader support, such that under high uncertainty a leader who used victimhood speech was preferred. Implications for the ways in which leaders can gain influence by emphasizing subgroup suffering given the context of existential ingroup uncertainty is discussed.
Regulatory T cells differentiation in visceral adipose tissues contributes to insulin resistance by regulating JAZF‐1/PPAR‐γ pathway
Authors: Meng Fanping , Hao Po , Du Hongxin
Published: February 2023

Regulatory T cell (Treg) activity and differentiation in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) play an important role in inhibiting chronic inflammation and insulin resistance. Whether JAZF‐1 and PPAR‐γ mediate VAT Treg differentiation to promote the inhibition of chronic inflammation and insulin resistance remains unclear. Here, we investigated the roles of JAZF‐1 and PPAR‐γ in VAT Treg differentiation, inflammation and insulin resistance using a transgenic mouse model. First, we determined that the levels of glucose and insulin biochemical markers in the JAZF‐1 transgenic general feeding or high‐fat groups were lower than those in the wild‐type general feeding or high‐fat groups. Second, the levels of CD4+, CD25+, and FOXP3+ differentiation markers in the JAZF‐1 transgenic general feeding or high‐fat groups were significantly higher than those in the wild‐type groups. PPAR‐γ inhibition was associated with low levels of CD4+, CD25+ and FOXP3+ differentiation markers. Third, the levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 in the JAZF‐1 transgenic groups were lower than those in the wild‐type groups, whereas IL‐10 and TGF‐β levels were higher in the JAZF‐1 transgenic groups than in the wild‐type groups. After using the PPAR‐γ inhibitor, we observed that TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 increased, while IL‐10 and TGF‐β decreased. We found that JAZF‐1 and PPAR‐γ could promote Tregs differentiation and regulate insulin resistance by synergistically decreasing the expression levels of TNF‐α, IL‐1β and IL‐6 and increasing those of IL‐10 and TGF‐β.
Editorial: Using parenting interventions as treatments and brain development – are we at the end of the beginning yet?
Authors: Gunnar Megan R.
Published: February 2023

This editorial discusses where we stand in understanding how parenting interventions, frequently used in the treatment of child emotional and behavioral disorders, affect the brain systems that contribute to these disorders. It concludes that although we have some evidence from RCTs that improving adverse parenting causally impacts some aspects of brain development, there is almost nothing examining parenting randomized controlled trials to treat child clinical disorders and effects on brain structure or function. It argues that if we are to be a brain science, such studies are needed.
Core single nucleotide polymorphism analysis reveals transmission of Mycobacterium marinum between animal and environmental sources in two aquaria
Authors: Komine Takeshi , Srivorakul Saralee , Yoshida Mitsumi , Tanaka Yoshiaki , Sugimoto Yuma , Inohana Mari , Fukano Hanako , Hoshino Yoshihiko , Kurata Osamu , Wada Shinpei
Published: February 2023

Mycobacterium marinum is a slow‐growing, photochromogenic nontuberculous mycobacterium, which can cause mycobacteriosis in various animals, including humans. Several cases of fish mycobacteriosis have been reported to date. Mycobacterium marinum has also been isolated from aquatic environmental sources such as water, sand, biofilms, and plants in the natural environments. Hence, we hypothesized that a wide variety of sources could be involved in the transmission of M. marinum. In this study, we tested this hypothesis by isolating M. marinum from various sources such as fish, invertebrates, seagrass, periphytons, biofilms, sand, and/or water in two aquaria in Japan and conducting a phylogenetic analysis based on single‐nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) using whole‐genome sequences of the isolated strains. The analysis revealed that the strains from animal and environmental sources belonged to the same clusters. This molecular‐based study epidemiologically confirmed that various sources, including fish, invertebrates, and environmental sources, could be involved in transmission of M. marinum in a closed‐rearing environment. This is the first report where M. marinum was isolated from different sources, and various transmission routes were confirmed in actual cases, which provided essential information to improve the epidemiology of M. marinum.
Use of a phage cocktail to reduce the numbers of seven Escherichia coli strains belonging to different STEC serogroups applied to fresh produce and seeds
Authors: Ding Yiran , Nan Yuchen , Qiu Yang , Niu Dongyan , Stanford Kim , Holley Rick , McAllister Tim , Narváez‐Bravo Claudia
Published: February 2023

The aims of this research were to evaluate the effectiveness of a phage cocktail at reducing seven Shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) serogroups on different food matrixes: mung bean sprouts (MBP), lettuce, and mung bean seeds (MBS) and to test the phage cocktail effectiveness to reduce E. coli O157 on Romaine and iceberg lettuce. To study the effect of the type of food matrix on the STEC phage cocktail effectiveness, a mixture of seven highly sensitive STEC strains designated as phage propagation strains (PPS) were used to adulterate Romaine lettuce, MBP, and MBS matrixes at a concentration of 105 logs CFU/g. A subsample of the treated MBS was germinated to assess STEC survival. Recovered STEC strains were confirmed using latex agglutination and PCR. To test the phage cocktail effectiveness to reduce E. coli O157:H7 on Romaine and iceberg lettuce, a mixture of four STEC strains (different than phage propagation strains, non‐PPS) at both low (103 CFU/g) and high (105 CFU/g) concentrations were used to spike the samples in scaled up trials for the purpose of potential commercialization. Phage treatments including a combination of STEC phage cocktail and chlorinated water treatment were then applied to lettuce in a simulated scaled‐up trial. STEC was assessed on the treated samples at different storage time and temperatures (0, 24, 48, and 72 hr at 2, 10 and 25°C). In the food matrix trial, the combination of STEC phage cocktail and chlorinated water‐reduced PPS (p < 0.001) STEC on lettuce by 2.1 log10 CFU/g and on MBP by 2.2 log10 CFU/g. However, isolates from all 7 STEC serogroups remained viable after phage treatment in both lettuce and MBP; particularly those associated with serogroup O111, O121, O103, and O145, while only a few colonies of serogroup O26, O45, and O157 were detected. Lettuce adulterated with low levels of 4 non‐PPS E. coli O157:H7 (103 CFU/g) achieved a reduction of 2.6–3.2 logs. While a reduction 1.7–2.3 logs was achieved by the phage cocktail when lettuce was inoculated with 105 CFU/g. Overall phage performance was more effective at 2 and 10°C and improved over storage time up to 72 hr. However, for MBS, the phage cocktail was not able to kill any of the STEC populations as all of them recovered during germination.
Methods of tissue preparation after EUS‐guided tissue acquisition without rapid on‐site assessment: Results of a randomized study
Authors: Phan Vinh‐An , Ruszkiewicz Andrew , Safaeian Romina , Zobel Joshua , Nguyen Nam Q.
Published: February 2023

In the absence of rapid on‐site evaluation (ROSE), it is not clear which method of tissue preparation is best to process tissue obtained from EUS guidance. Cytological smearing (CS), cell block (CB), and direct histology (DH) are the available techniques.

Aim

To compare the diagnostic yield of three techniques of tissue preparation for EUS‐guided tissue acquisition without ROSE.

Methods

Patients who were referred for EUS‐FNA of peri‐gastrointestinal masses were recruited. Without ROSE, each lesion was biopsied with three needle passes, and the order in which tissue is prepared was randomized to either (i) CS + CB, (ii) CB only, or (iii) DH only. The prepared specimens were reviewed.

Results

A total of 243 specimens were taken from 81 patients. Tissue diagnosis was achieved in 78/81 (96.3%) of patients, including 63 neoplasms (PDAC [n = 45], pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors [PNET; n = 4], cholangiocarcinoma [n = 5], metastatic disease [n = 4], lymphoma [n = 1], linitis plastica [n = 2], leiomyoma [n = 2]) and 15 benign pathologies (chronic pancreatitis [n = 8], reactive nodes [n = 5], inflammatory biliary stricture [n = 1], and pancreatic rest [n = 1]). The three non‐diagnostic cases were found to be PDAC (n = 2) and PNET (n = 1). Sensitivity and diagnostic accuracy was highest with DH (94 and 95%), which was significantly better than that by CS + CB (43 and 54%; P = 0.0001) and CB‐only preparations (32 and 48.6%; P < 0.0001). There was no significant difference between the CS + CB and CB‐only arms (P > 0.22).

Conclusion

Without ROSE, our findings suggest that with just a single pass, DH should be the tissue preparation method of choice given its significantly higher diagnostic accuracy compared with CS and/or CB techniques.
One‐year prediction of cognitive decline following cognitive‐stimulation from real‐world data
Authors: Camino‐Pontes Borja , Gonzalez‐Lopez Francisco , Santamaría‐Gomez Gonzalo , Sutil‐Jimenez Antonio Javier , Sastre‐Barrios Carolina , de Pierola Iñigo Fernandez , Cortes Jesus M.
Published: February 2023

Clinical evidence based on real‐world data (RWD) is accumulating exponentially providing larger sample sizes available, which demand novel methods to deal with the enhanced heterogeneity of the data. Here, we used RWD to assess the prediction of cognitive decline in a large heterogeneous sample of participants being enrolled with cognitive stimulation, a phenomenon that is of great interest to clinicians but that is riddled with difficulties and limitations. More precisely, from a multitude of neuropsychological Training Materials (TMs), we asked whether was possible to accurately predict an individual's cognitive decline one year after being tested. In particular, we performed longitudinal modelling of the scores obtained from 215 different tests, grouped into 29 cognitive domains, a total of 124,610 instances from 7902 participants (40% male, 46% female, 14% not indicated), each performing an average of 16 tests. Employing a machine learning approach based on ROC analysis and cross‐validation techniques to overcome overfitting, we show that different TMs belonging to several cognitive domains can accurately predict cognitive decline, while other domains perform poorly, suggesting that the ability to predict decline one year later is not specific to any particular domain, but is rather widely distributed across domains. Moreover, when addressing the same problem between individuals with a common diagnosed label, we found that some domains had more accurate classification for conditions such as Parkinson's disease and Down syndrome, whereas they are less accurate for Alzheimer's disease or multiple sclerosis. Future research should combine similar approaches to ours with standard neuropsychological measurements to enhance interpretability and the possibility of generalizing across different cohorts.
Co‐occurring opioid use disorder and serious mental illness: A selective literature review
Authors: Pettit Bruns Debra , Kraguljac Nina V.
Published: February 2023

Objective

The overarching goal of this review is to provide a clinical overview of epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment, and to discuss the public health impact, social determinants including access to care, and implications for health care delivery and research. It is estimated that approximately 1 in 4 individuals suffering from a serious mental illness (SMI) may have a co‐occurring opioid use disorder (OUD). In these individuals, the overall disease burden is higher and clinical outcomes are worse compared to those without a co‐occurring illness, making an integrated approach to diagnosis and treatment an urgent priority.

Methods

We conducted a selective review of the literature to investigate prevalence, etiology for co‐occurring OUD and SMI, and diagnostic and clinical guidelines in the United States, and consideration special populations.

Findings

Our findings suggest that, despite the high prevalence of co‐occurring OUD and SMI, contemporary diagnostics and treatment approaches are underutilized in this patient population. The literature also suggests that both pharmacological and psychosocial treatment approaches need to be tailored to optimize clinical management, and that integrated treatment is pivotal for improving overall outcomes, yet comprehensive clinical guidelines for co‐occurring OUD and SMI are lacking at this time.
Outcomes of Manchester procedure combined with high uterosacral ligament suspension for uterine prolapse
Authors: Wang Qi , Wu Nengxiu , Li Ying , Lin Chaoqin , Xu Ying , Chen Xianjing
Published: February 2023

Aim

The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcomes of the Manchester procedure (MP) with or without concomitant high uterosacral ligament suspension (HUSLS) for treating uterine prolapse. The primary outcomes were to compare the two methods for differences in perioperative complications and recurrence rates, and to explore whether MP combined with concomitant HUSLS is beneficial in reducing recurrence rates.

Methods

A total of 98 uterine prolapse patients underwent MP or MP‐HUSLS during the study period.

Demographic data, perioperative, and follow‐up outcomes were analyzed retrospectively. Univariate and multivariate cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to explore the effect of surgical methods on recurrence.

Results

The MP‐HUSLS group had a higher degree of apical compartment prolapse before the operation, but the pelvic organ prolapse quantification (POP‐Q) values of points Ba and C in the MP‐HUSLS group improved significantly compared with the MP group (p < 0.05). The operation time in the MP group was shorter than that in the MP‐HUSLS group. There were no differences in baseline characteristics or perioperative complications between the two groups. Twelve patients had subjective recurrence during follow‐up, although 20 developed anatomical recurrence. After controlling for confounding factors, the MP group had a higher risk of recurrence in the anterior compartment than the MP‐HUSLS (adjusted hazard ratio: 4.191, confidence interval: 1.195–14.701, p = 0.025). There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of the two groups' total, apical, and posterior compartments.

Conclusion

Compared with MP, MP‐HUSLS seems more effective in treating uterine prolapse, with a higher location of the points C and Ba. However, further studies with large samples and long follow‐up times need to confirm this result.
Text highlighting combined with open‐ended questions: A methodological extension
Authors: Ares Gastón , Ryan Grace S. , Jaeger Sara R.
Published: February 2023

Text highlighting is a new method for consumer research, especially in attitude measurement. Presently, the method is evolved into a mixed method approach through a combination with open‐ended questions. While participants read a text they use highlighter functions to select content that they like/feel positive about, and content which they dislike/feel negative about. Immediately hereafter they answer open‐ended questions about the text they selected and why they did so. The mixed method approach was implemented in two consumer studies (1,554 participants) and the results showed that the combination of text highlighting and open‐ended questions achieved greater “completeness,” that is, more comprehensive insights on the topic of the research. The supplementary qualitative component of the mixed method design (i.e., the open‐ended questions) helped to elaborate the insights from text highlighting (i.e., the quantitative core component).

Practical Applications

This research showcases how the recent method of text highlighting can be combined with open‐ended questions, and that doing so is simple and beneficial. This is illustrated in two case studies on the topics of, respectively, biodynamic agriculture and vertical farming. The open‐ended questions were added to identify reasons underlying participants' “like” and “dislike” text highlights and helped to better interpret the highlighting responses. The combination of text highlighting with open‐ended questions is a general purpose method that can be used in many areas of consumer research—including novel foods/food technologies and product research.
Natural variation of Macrocystis pyrifera gametophyte germplasm culture microbiomes and applications for improving yield in offshore farms
Authors: Osborne Melisa G. , Molano Gary , Simons Ariel Levi , Dao Valerie , Ong Brandon , Vong Brandon , Singh Anupam , Montecinos Arismendi Gabriel J. , Alberto Filipe , Nuzhdin Sergey V.
Published: February 2023

With national interest in seaweed‐based biofuels as a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, there is a need for tools that produce high‐yield seaweed cultivars and increase the efficiency of offshore farms. Several agricultural studies have demonstrated that the application of microbial inoculants at an early life stage can improve crop yield, and there is an opportunity to use similar techniques in seaweed aquaculture. However, there is a critical knowledge gap regarding host–microbiome associations of macroalgae gametophytes in germplasm cultures. Here, we investigate the microbial community of Macrocystis pyrifera gametophyte germplasm cultures that were used to cultivate an offshore farm in Santa Barbara, California and identify key taxa correlated with increased biomass of mature sporophytes. This work provides a valuable knowledge base for the development of microbial inoculants that produce high‐biomass M. pyrifera cultivars to ultimately be used as biofuel feedstocks.
Abundance of fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus) in the north‐western Mediterranean Sea, using photo‐identification and microsatellite genotyping
Authors: Tardy Céline , Ody Denis , Gimenez Olivier , Planes Serge
Published: February 2023

The Mediterranean fin whale population, Balaenoptera physalus, is resident, with almost no exchanges with the Atlantic population. The entire population was estimated at 1300 or 13,300 individuals by a recent project depending on the platform used. This disparity shows the importance of long‐term monitoring with a unique protocol of survey. Capture‐recapture approaches using dorsal photographs and genetic identity collections over a 10 years period were used to estimate the abundance of the north‐western Mediterranean fin whale. We identified 332 individuals using photographs and 470 using genotypes, with a total of 546 individuals identified between 2008 and 2019, when some whales were double‐marked. The inter‐annual percentage of recapture varied between 15% and 17% respectively for genotypes and photographs methods. Using Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models, the abundance of fin whales in the north‐western Mediterranean is estimated at 1295 individuals (95% CI: 1116–1474) with a survival probability of 0.945 (95% CI: 0.690–0.993) from genotypes. Abundance estimates from combined collections (photographs and genotypes) and corrected photograph estimates were similar to the genetic ones. Future studies might prioritize the genetic approach which is the least biased and with a narrower confidence interval. The genetic abundance estimates show relative stability over time, when compared to 1990 estimates, and should be included in future conservation actions.
COVID‐19 survey among NYC non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes
Authors: Aponte Judith , Brennan Noreen B. , Figueroa Kelin , Diaz Lillian
Published: February 2023

Objectives

To better understand the knowledge, practice, importance, awareness, usefulness, and confidence of non‐Hispanic Black and English‐ and Spanish‐speaking Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes.

Design

A descriptive cross‐sectional survey study design was used and descriptive statistics was conducted.

Sample

Non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic/Latino adults with diabetes were recruited from three New York City public hospitals.

Measurements

A one‐time survey was delivered via email, text message or over the phone.

Results

Of the 96 participants, 47.9% were Hispanic/Latino and 52.1% were non‐Hispanic Black individuals; 43.8% of the surveys were completed in Spanish and 56.3% in English; 41.7% were female and 58.3% male; 77.1% preferred to complete the survey via the telephone, 14.6% through email, and 8.3% via text message. Chi‐square findings showed, 90.6% knew mask wearing prevented COVID‐19; 96.9% knew that covering the nose and mouth during mask wearing is needed, 93.8% wore a mask, and 92.8% felt it important or very important to wear a mask to prevent the spread of COVID‐19. For social distancing, 88.5% knew it prevented the spread of COVID‐19, 93.8% practiced it, and 95.8% felt it important or very important.

Conclusion

In having a better understanding of the knowledge and practices of COVID‐19 among non‐Hispanic Black and Hispanic populations with diabetes, the development of culturally and linguistically tailored community‐based mitigation strategies can be developed that are aimed at improving the preparedness of these groups for the next emerging infectious disease, such as COVID‐19.
Backward bifurcation and permanence of a disease‐severity‐structured epidemic model with treatment
Authors: Gion Hiromu , Saito Yasuhisa
Published: February 2023

When an unknown pathogen is encountered, developing medicines and vaccine to counter its effects becomes a potentially urgent task. In addition to these primary medical issues, there exists a secondary problem of medical collapse; it is caused by limited treatment capacity that includes limited number of medical supplies, doctors, nurses, beds, and other medical equipment, and must be seriously considered from a public health perspective. To discuss the effects of treatment capacity on disease transmission, we present a disease‐severity‐structured epidemic model with necessary treatment only for severely infective individuals. We demonstrate the occurrence of backward bifurcation, wherein a stable endemic equilibrium coexists with a stable disease‐free equilibrium when the basic reproduction number is less than 1, and if the treatment capacity is relatively small. This epidemiological implication states that when there is insufficient capacity for treatment, the requirement is not sufficient for effective disease control, and disease outbreak can reach a high endemic level even though . Permanence of our model (i.e., uniform strong persistence of the disease) is also discussed for the case .
Chronic psychological stress aggravates psoriasis‐like skin inflammation via overactivation of β2‐adrenoceptor and nuclear factor kappa B pathways
Authors: Donato‐Trancoso Aline , Cristina de Souza Ribeiro Bianca , Barrozo do Canto Fábio , de Souza Nogueira Jeane , Romana‐Souza Bruna
Published: February 2023

The relationship between psoriasis severity and psychological stress has been described in several studies. However, the mechanism by which chronic stress exacerbates psoriasis is not completely understood. This study aimed at investigating whether chronic psychological stress can aggravate psoriasis‐like skin inflammation. Mice were subjected to a restraint stress model and topically treated with imiquimod (IMQ). Differentiated human keratinocytes were treated with high epinephrine levels and IMQ in vitro. Stress aggravated macroscopic features and the increase in epidermal thickness induced by IMQ in mouse skin. The increase in NF‐κB and IL‐17A expression induced by IMQ was potentiated by chronic stress in mouse skin. The skin of stressed mice treated with IMQ showed higher levels of β2‐adrenergic receptors (β2‐AR). In human keratinocytes, high epinephrine levels exacerbated the increase in the levels of β2‐AR and IL‐17A induced by IMQ. β‐AR antagonist reversed the effects of chronic stress in IMQ‐induced inflammation both in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, stress‐stimulated overactivation of the β2‐AR and NF‐κB pathways potentiates a Th1/Th17 profile leading to an exacerbation of psoriasis.
The revised JBI critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials
Authors: Barker Timothy H. , Stone Jennifer C. , Sears Kim , Klugar Miloslav , Tufanaru Catalin , Leonardi-Bee Jo , Aromataris Edoardo , Munn Zachary
Published: February 2023

JBI recently began the process of updating and revising its suite of critical appraisal tools to ensure that these tools remain compatible with recent developments within risk of bias science. Following a rigorous development process led by the JBI Effectiveness Methodology Group, this paper presents the revised critical appraisal tool for the assessment of risk of bias for randomized controlled trials. This paper also presents practical guidance on how the questions of this tool are to be interpreted and applied by systematic reviewers, while providing topical examples. We also discuss the major changes made to this tool compared to the previous version and justification for why these changes facilitate best-practice methodologies in this field.
Multimodal ultrasound features of sclerosing adenosis of the breast: a case report
Authors: Wu Qin , Zhan Ying , Wu Jiangfeng
Published: February 2023

.
Atomic layer deposition of Cu2O using copper acetylacetonate
Authors: Bartholazzi Gabriel , Shehata M. M. , Macdonald Daniel H. , Black Lachlan E.
Published: February 2023

Cu2O is an important p-type semiconductor material with applications in thin-film transistors, photovoltaics, and water splitting. For such applications, pinhole-free and uniform thin films are desirable, thus making atomic layer deposition (ALD) the ideal fabrication technique. However, existing ALD Cu precursors suffer from various problems, including limited thermal stability, fluorination, or narrow temperature windows. Additionally, some processes result in CuO films instead of Cu2O. Therefore, it is important to explore alternative precursors and processes for ALD of Cu2O thin films. In this work, we report the successful deposition of Cu2O using copper acetylacetonate as a precursor and a combination of water and oxygen as reactants at 200 °C. Saturation of the deposition rate with precursor and reactant dose time was observed, indicating self-limiting behavior, with a saturated growth-per-cycle of 0.07 Å. The Cu2O film was polycrystalline and uniform (RMS roughness ∼2 nm), with a direct forbidden bandgap of 2.07 eV and a direct allowed bandgap of 2.60 eV.
Sound quality metric indicators of rotorcraft noise annoyance using multilevel analysis
Authors: Boucher Matthew A. , Krishnamurthy Siddhartha , Christian Andrew W. , Rizzi Stephen A.
Published: February 2023

It is hypothesized that sound quality metrics, particularly loudness, sharpness, tonality, impulsiveness, fluctuation strength, and roughness, could all be possible indicators of the reported annoyance to helicopter noise. To test this hypothesis, a psychoacoustic test was conducted in which subjects rated their annoyance levels to synthesized helicopter sounds. After controlling for loudness, a previous analysis using linear regression identified sharpness and tonality as important factors in predicting annoyance, followed by fluctuation strength. The current work focuses on multilevel regression techniques in which the regression slopes and intercepts are assumed to take on normal distributions across subjects. The importance of each metric is evaluated, and the variation of regression parameters among subjects is evaluated using simple models. Then more complete models are investigated, which include the combination of selected metrics and subject-specific effects. While the conclusions from linear regression analysis are affirmed by multilevel analysis, other important effects emerge. In particular, subject-specific intercepts are shown to be more important than subject-specific slopes. In addition, subject-specific slopes for fluctuation strength and sharpness are more important than for tonality. Using a multilevel framework, the relative importance of sound quality metrics is reexamined, and the potential for modeling human annoyance to helicopter noise based on sound quality metrics is explored.
Sport and Physical Activity for Positive Youth Development Related to Social and Emotional Learning: Reflections From the Know-Do Gap
Authors: Wright Paul M.
Published: February 2023

Physical activity programs in school and community settings have the potential to foster positive youth development related to social and emotional learning. However, research findings and best practices that promote these outcomes are often not implemented in practice. The field of implementation science can help researchers understand and navigate the barriers to implementing what we know from research into policy and practice (i.e., to bridge the know-do gap). In this paper, after describing positive youth development, social emotional learning, and their application in physical activity settings, I share reflections from my engaged scholarship with the teaching personal and social responsibility model to illustrate ways my collaborators and I have tried to address the know-do gap. Lessons learned about ways that kinesiology researchers can actively support the implementation of our research in society are discussed.
Physical Activity Interventions During Childhood and Adolescence: A Narrative Umbrella Review Addressing Characteristics, Conclusions, and Gaps in Knowledge
Authors: Pfeiffer Karin A. , McKee Katherine L. , Van Camp Cailyn A. , Clevenger Kimberly A.
Published: February 2023

Given the multifaceted nature of physical activity behavior in children and adolescents, researchers have conducted myriad intervention studies designed to increase physical activity across many populations, study designs, contexts, and settings. This narrative review overviews the characteristics, conclusions, and research gaps/future directions indicated in prior reviews of interventions to promote physical activity in youth and identifies potential knowledge gaps. Seven databases were searched for articles published between January 2012 and September 2022. A predetermined list of characteristics of included reviews was extracted. Reviews (n = 68) concluded that interventions were generally effective. Little attention was paid to implementation, theoretical framework was only addressed in about half of reviews, and only a quarter specifically examined individuals from underrepresented groups. Family, community, and policy work are needed, and overarching reviews such as this study should occasionally occur given the high number of reviews focusing on specific populations or settings.
The global biomass and number of terrestrial arthropods
Authors: Rosenberg Yuval , Bar-On Yinon M. , Fromm Amir , Ostikar Meital , Shoshany Aviv , Giz Omer , Milo Ron
Published: February 2023

Insects and other arthropods are central to terrestrial ecosystems. However, data are lacking regarding their global population abundance. We synthesized thousands of evaluations from around 500 sites worldwide, estimating the absolute biomass and abundance of terrestrial arthropods across different taxa and habitats. We found that there are ≈1 × 1019(twofold uncertainty range) soil arthropods on Earth, ≈95% of which are soil mites and springtails. The soil contains ≈200 (twofold uncertainty range) million metric tons (Mt) of dry biomass. Termites contribute ≈40% of the soil biomass, much more than ants at ≈10%. Our estimate for the global biomass of above-ground arthropods is more uncertain, highlighting a knowledge gap that future research should aim to close. We estimate the combined dry biomass of all terrestrial arthropods at ≈300 Mt (uncertainty range, 100 to 500), similar to the mass of humanity and its livestock. These estimates enhance the quantitative understanding of arthropods in terrestrial ecosystems and provide an initial holistic benchmark on their decline.
Lactate promotes endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition via Snail1 lactylation after myocardial infarction
Authors: Fan Min , Yang Kun , Wang Xiaohui , Chen Linjian , Gill P. Spencer , Ha Tuanzhu , Liu Li , Lewis Nicole H. , Williams David L. , Li Chuanfu
Published: February 2023

High levels of lactate are positively associated with the prognosis and mortality in patients with heart attack. Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndoMT) plays an important role in cardiac fibrosis. Here, we report that lactate exerts a previously unknown function that increases cardiac fibrosis and exacerbates cardiac dysfunction by promoting EndoMT following myocardial infarction (MI). Treatment of endothelial cells with lactate disrupts endothelial cell function and induces mesenchymal-like function following hypoxia by activating the TGF-β/Smad2 pathway. Mechanistically, lactate induces an association between CBP/p300 and Snail1, leading to lactylation of Snail1, a TGF-β transcription factor, through lactate transporter monocarboxylate transporter (MCT)–dependent signaling. Inhibiting Snail1 diminishes lactate-induced EndoMT and TGF-β/Smad2 activation after hypoxia/MI. The MCT inhibitor CHC mitigates lactate-induced EndoMT and Snail1 lactylation. Silence of MCT1 compromises lactate-promoted cardiac dysfunction and EndoMT after MI. We conclude that lactate acts as an important molecule that up-regulates cardiac EndoMT after MI via induction of Snail1 lactylation.
Identification of procathepsin L (pCTS-L)–neutralizing monoclonal antibodies to treat potentially lethal sepsis
Authors: Zhu Cassie Shu , Qiang Xiaoling , Chen Weiqiang , Li Jianhua , Lan Xiqian , Yang Huan , Gong Jonathan , Becker Lance , Wang Ping , Tracey Kevin J. , Wang Haichao
Published: February 2023

Antibody-based strategies have been attempted to antagonize early cytokines of sepsis, but not yet been tried to target inducible late-acting mediators. Here, we report that the expression and secretion of procathepsin-L (pCTS-L) was induced by serum amyloid A (SAA) in innate immune cells, contributing to its late and systemic accumulation in experimental and clinical sepsis. Recombinant pCTS-L induced interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-8, GRO-α/KC, GRO-β/MIP-2, and MCP-1 release in innate immune cells and moderately correlated with blood concentrations of these cytokines/chemokines in clinical sepsis. Mechanistically, pCTS-L interacted with Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and the receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) to induce cytokines/chemokines. Pharmacological suppression of pCTS-L with neutralizing polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies attenuated pCTS-L–mediated inflammation by impairing its interaction with TLR4 and RAGE receptors, and consequently rescued animals from lethal sepsis. Our findings have suggested a possibility of developing antibody strategies to prevent dysregulated immune responses mediated by late-acting cytokines.
U.S. scientists brace for greater scrutiny of risky research
Authors: Kaiser Jocelyn
Published: February 2023

Expert panel recommends broader reviews of research involving pathogens or toxins that could have “dual use”
Remodeling of Carbon Metabolism during Sulfoglycolysis in Escherichia coli
Authors: Mui Janice W.-Y. , De Souza David P. , Saunders Eleanor C. , McConville Malcolm J. , Williams Spencer J.
Published: February 2023

The sulfosugar sulfoquinovose is estimated to be produced on a scale of 10 billion metric tons per annum, making it a major organosulfur species in the biosulfur cycle. The microbial degradation of sulfoquinovose through sulfoglycolysis allows the utilization of its carbon content and contributes to the biomineralization of its sulfur.
Diversity of Surface Fibril Patterns in Mimivirus Isolates
Authors: de Aquino Isabella Luiza Martins , Serafim Mateus Sá Magalhães , Machado Talita Bastos , Azevedo Bruna Luiza , Cunha Denilson Eduardo Silva , Ullmann Leila Sabrina , Araújo João Pessoa , Abrahão Jônatas Santos
Published: February 2023

Mimivirus fibrils are intriguing structures that have drawn attention since their discovery. Although still under investigation, the function of fibrils may be related to host cell adhesion.
Syntaxin 11 Contributes to the Interferon-Inducible Restriction of Coxiella burnetii Intracellular Infection
Authors: Ganesan Sandhya , Alvarez Natalie N. , Steiner Samuel , Fowler Karen M. , Corona Abigail K. , Roy Craig R.
Published: February 2023

Cell intrinsic defense mechanisms are used by eukaryotic cells to restrict the replication and dissemination of pathogens. This study identified a human protein called syntaxin 11 (STX11) as a host restriction factor that inhibits the intracellular replication of
Coxiella burnetii
.
Bordetella bronchiseptica-Mediated Interference Prevents Influenza A Virus Replication in the Murine Nasal Cavity
Authors: Luczo Jasmina M. , Hamidou Soumana Illiassou , Reagin Katie L. , Dihle Preston , Ghedin Elodie , Klonowski Kimberly D. , Harvill Eric T. , Tompkins Stephen M.
Published: February 2023

The interplay of microbial species in the upper respiratory tract is important for the ability of an incoming pathogen to establish and, in the case of pathogenic organisms, cause disease in a host. Here, we demonstrate that
B. bronchiseptica
efficiently colonizes and concurrently displaces the commensal nasal cavity microbiota, negating the ability of influenza A virus to establish infection.
Spontaneous rupture of a solitary oligometastatic hepatic melanoma
Authors: Tiong Jonathan , Rajagopalan Ashray , Jaya Joseph , Sritharan Mithra
Published: February 2023

A mid-50s woman presented with acute right upper quadrant pain 1-day post second cycle of pembrolizumab. She has a significant history for two concurrent malignancies: a solitary oligometastatic hepatic melanoma (NRAS mutant) of unknown primary diagnosed 2 months prior, and a 10-year history of breast carcinoma with pulmonary metastases on palliative chemotherapy. Multiphase CT scan demonstrated active venous bleeding without active arterial bleeding. The patient received two units of packed red blood cells, followed by selective transcatheter arterial embolisation (TAE) of the right hepatic artery branches to segment 7 and 8. Spontaneous rupture of solitary liver metastases are exceedingly rare. TAE is a safe and effective treatment choice in patients with spontaneous rupture. Given progressive tumour burden, changes in management with a different immunotherapy agent can be considered.
Flecainide toxicity: ECG changes associated with supratherapeutic levels in milk-fed infants
Authors: Bhatt Hitarth , Regan Will , Rosenthal Eric , Bellsham-Revell Hannah
Published: February 2023

Flecainide is a class 1C antiarrhythmic and is highly effective for treating a wide range of arrhythmias. It is not licensed for children under the age of 12 years, but has been used safely for years in young children, particularly when first-line agents are not effective. Although toxicity does occur in both adult and paediatric populations, there have been very few reported instances of flecainide toxicity in neonates and children. Supratherapeutic levels of flecainide manifests on ECG with prolongation of the PR interval, QRS duration and QT, and can lead to life-threatening arrhythmias. In milk-fed infants receiving flecainide, regular feeding patterns are paramount to achieve a steady therapeutic state, as milk and dairy products are known to reduce the absorption of flecainide. This case series details four milk-fed infants admitted with ECG changes secondary to flecainide toxicity.
Fibroepithelial urethral polyp with minor prostatic glands in an older man
Authors: Yorita Kenji , Naroda Takushi , Tamura Masato
Published: February 2023

We describe a man in his 60s with an incidentally detected urethral polyp located in the middle section of his penile shaft. The patient had been suffering from urinary retention for 9 years due to benign prostatic hyperplasia. He was initiated on clean intermittent catheterisation to drain urine 1 year before the detection of the urethral polyp. Holmium laser nucleation of the prostate was performed, and an anterior urethral polyp (5 mm in diameter) was resected. Pathology indicated that the urethral polyp was a fibroepithelial polyp with prostate-specific antigen-immunoreactive heterotopic prostatic glands. There were no problems with urination 6 months after surgery. Fibroepithelial urethral polyps are usually congenital and are rarely described in adults. The clinicopathological features of this polyp, with its uniquely associated minor prostatic glands, are presented.
Extragastrointestinal stromal tumour of the transverse mesocolon mimicking giant ovarian cystic neoplasm
Authors: Wood Douglas , Janssen Greer , Aljanabi Imad
Published: February 2023

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GISTs) are mesenchymal tumours which are most commonly found along the gastrointestinal tract. They are more rarely found in an extragastrointestinal location and typically present late due to only vague symptoms from mass effect. There are very few case reports of GIST arising within the transverse mesocolon. We report a case of a large cystic transverse mesocolic GIST which preoperative imaging concluded was likely of ovarian origin. This resulted in an abrupt change in the surgical management intraoperatively, but fortunately, an R0 resection was still achieved. This serves as an important lesson to keep the differential diagnosis broad when dealing with large cystic abdominal masses. The tumour was found to be KIT wild type, with a platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha D842V mutation identified, conferring intrinsic resistance to imatinib.
Exercise as medicine for depressive symptoms? A systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression
Authors: Heissel Andreas , Heinen Darlene , Brokmeier Luisa Leonie , Skarabis Nora , Kangas Maria , Vancampfort Davy , Stubbs Brendon , Firth Joseph , Ward Philip B , Rosenbaum Simon , Hallgren Mats , Schuch Felipe
Published: February 2023

Objective

To estimate the efficacy of exercise on depressive symptoms compared with non-active control groups and to determine the moderating effects of exercise on depression and the presence of publication bias.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression.

Data sources

The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PubMed, MEDLINE, Embase, SPORTDiscus, PsycINFO, Scopus and Web of Science were searched without language restrictions from inception to 13 September2022 (PROSPERO registration no CRD42020210651).

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Randomised controlled trials including participants aged 18 years or older with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder or those with depressive symptoms determined by validated screening measures scoring above the threshold value, investigating the effects of an exercise intervention (aerobic and/or resistance exercise) compared with a non-exercising control group.

Results

Forty-one studies, comprising 2264 participants post intervention were included in the meta-analysis demonstrating large effects (standardised mean difference (SMD)=−0.946, 95% CI −1.18 to −0.71) favouring exercise interventions which corresponds to the number needed to treat (NNT)=2 (95% CI 1.68 to 2.59). Large effects were found in studies with individuals with major depressive disorder (SMD=−0.998, 95% CI −1.39 to −0.61, k=20), supervised exercise interventions (SMD=−1.026, 95% CI −1.28 to −0.77, k=40) and moderate effects when analyses were restricted to low risk of bias studies (SMD=−0.666, 95% CI −0.99 to −0.34, k=12, NNT=2.8 (95% CI 1.94 to 5.22)).

Conclusion

Exercise is efficacious in treating depression and depressive symptoms and should be offered as an evidence-based treatment option focusing on supervised and group exercise with moderate intensity and aerobic exercise regimes. The small sample sizes of many trials and high heterogeneity in methods should be considered when interpreting the results.