bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evolution Process of Liquefied Natural Gas from Stratification to Rollover in Tanks of Coastal Engineering with the Influence of Baffle Structure
Authors: Wang Zhe , Han Fenghui , Liu Yuxiang , Li Wenhua
Published: January 2021

During the storage process, liquefied natural gas (LNG) may undergo severe evaporation, stratification, and rollover in large storage tanks due to heat leakage, aging, or charging, causing major safety risks. Therefore, this article theoretically analyzes the causes and inducing factors of the LNG stratification and rollover phenomenon in the storage tank of coastal engineering. The computational fluid dynamics was used to establish a numerical model for the heat and mass transfer of LNG multicomponent materials in the imaginary layered interface of the storage tank, and the evolution process of LNG from spontaneous stratification to rollover was simulated. The accuracy of the mathematical model is verified by comparing numerical results with experimental data from open literature. The effects of the density difference between upper and lower layers, layering parameters, heat leakage parameters, and the baffles structure on the rollover process were studied. The effects of the interfacial surface variations are not included in this study. The results show that different baffle structures will form different boundary velocity fields, which will only affect the severity of the rollover, not the occurrence time. The larger the layering density difference, the earlier the rollover occurs. Under current conditions, the baffle structure that has the best suppression of rollover and the minimum boundary velocity is at 0.5 m above the stratified interface with the installation of the baffle at 5 degrees.
Utility of 1,3 β-d-Glucan Assay for Guidance in Antifungal Stewardship Programs for Oncologic Patients and Solid Organ Transplant Recipients
Authors: Machado Marina , Chamorro de Vega Esther , Martínez-Jiménez María del Carmen , Rodríguez-González Carmen Guadalupe , Vena Antonio , Navarro Raquel , Zamora-Cintas María Isabel , Agnelli Caroline , Olmedo María , Galar Alicia , Guinea Jesús , Fernández-Cruz Ana , Alonso Roberto , Bouza Emilio , Muñoz Patricia , Valerio Maricela
Published: January 2021

The implementation of 1,3 β-d-glucan (BDG) has been proposed as a diagnostic tool in antifungal stewardship programs (ASPs). We aimed to analyze the influence of serum BDG in an ASP for oncologic patients and solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients. We conducted a pre–post study. In the initial period (PRE), the ASP was based on bedside advice, and this was complemented with BDG in the post-period (POST). Performance parameters of the BDG assay were determined. Antifungal (AF) use adequacy was evaluated using a point score. Clinical outcomes and AF costs were also compared before and after the intervention. Overall, 85 patients were included in the PRE-period and 112 in the POST-period. Probable or proven fungal infections were similar in both groups (54.1% vs. 57.1%; p = 0.67). The determination of BDG contributed to improved management in 75 of 112 patients (66.9%). The AF adequacy score improved in the POST-period (mean 7.75 vs. 9.29; p < 0.001). Median days of empiric AF treatment was reduced in the POST-period (9 vs. 5 days, p = 0.04). All-cause mortality (44.7% vs. 34.8%; p = 0.16) was similar in both periods. The cost of AF treatments was reduced in the POST-period with a difference of 779.6 €/patient. Our data suggest that the use of BDG was a cost-effective strategy that contributed to safely improving the results of an ASP for SOT and oncologic patients.
Radiation Response in the Tumour Microenvironment: Predictive Biomarkers and Future Perspectives
Authors: Byrne Niall M. , Tambe Prajakta , Coulter Jonathan A.
Published: January 2021

Radiotherapy (RT) is a primary treatment modality for a number of cancers, offering potentially curative outcomes. Despite its success, tumour cells can become resistant to RT, leading to disease recurrence. Components of the tumour microenvironment (TME) likely play an integral role in managing RT success or failure including infiltrating immune cells, the tumour vasculature and stroma. Furthermore, genomic profiling of the TME could identify predictive biomarkers or gene signatures indicative of RT response. In this review, we will discuss proposed mechanisms of radioresistance within the TME, biomarkers that may predict RT outcomes, and future perspectives on radiation treatment in the era of personalised medicine.
Online Reviews and Product Sales: The Role of Review Visibility
Authors: Alzate Miriam , Arce-Urriza Marta , Cebollada Javier
Published: January 2021

When studying the impact of online reviews on product sales, previous scholars have usually assumed that every review for a product has the same probability of being viewed by consumers. However, decision-making and information processing theories underline that the accessibility of information plays a role in consumer decision-making. We incorporate the notion of review visibility to study the relationship between online reviews and product sales, which is proxied by sales rank information, studying three different cases: (1) when every online review is assumed to have the same probability of being viewed; (2) when we assume that consumers sort online reviews by the most helpful mechanism; and (3) when we assume that consumers sort online reviews by the most recent mechanism. Review non-textual and textual variables are analyzed. The empirical analysis is conducted using a panel of 119 cosmetic products over a period of nine weeks. Using the system generalized method of moments (system GMM) method for dynamic models of panel data, our findings reveal that review variables influence product sales, but the magnitude, and even the direction of the effect, vary amongst visibility cases. Overall, the characteristics of the most helpful reviews have a higher impact on sales.
Emerging Anthropogenic Influences on the Southcentral Alaska Temperature and Precipitation Extremes and Related Fires in 2019
Authors: Bhatt Uma S. , Lader Rick T. , Walsh John E. , Bieniek Peter A. , Thoman Richard , Berman Matthew , Borries-Strigle Cecilia , Bulock Kristi , Chriest Jonathan , Hahn Micah , Hendricks Amy S. , Jandt Randi , Little Joseph , McEvoy Daniel , Moore Chris , Rupp T. Scott , Schmidt Jennifer , Stevens Eric , Strader Heidi , Waigl Christine , White James , York Alison , Ziel Robert
Published: January 2021

The late-season extreme fire activity in Southcentral Alaska during 2019 was highly unusual and consequential. Firefighting operations had to be extended by a month in 2019 due to the extreme conditions of hot summer temperature and prolonged drought. The ongoing fires created poor air quality in the region containing most of Alaska’s population, leading to substantial impacts to public health. Suppression costs totaled over $70 million for Southcentral Alaska. This study’s main goals are to place the 2019 season into historical context, provide an attribution analysis, and assess future changes in wildfire risk in the region. The primary tools are meteorological observations and climate model simulations from the NCAR CESM Large Ensemble (LENS). The 2019 fire season in Southcentral Alaska included the hottest and driest June–August season over the 1979–2019 period. The LENS simulation analysis suggests that the anthropogenic signal of increased fire risk had not yet emerged in 2019 because of the CESM’s internal variability, but that the anthropogenic signal will emerge by the 2040–2080 period. The effect of warming temperatures dominates the effect of enhanced precipitation in the trend towards increased fire risk.
Efficient Production of Chimeric Hepatitis B Virus-Like Particles Bearing an Epitope of Hepatitis E Virus Capsid by Transient Expression in Nicotiana benthamiana
Authors: Zahmanova Gergana , Mazalovska Milena , Takova Katerina , Toneva Valentina , Minkov Ivan , Peyret Hadrien , Lomonossoff George
Published: January 2021

The core antigen of hepatitis B virus (HBcAg) is capable of self-assembly into virus-like particles (VLPs) when expressed in a number of heterologous systems. Such VLPs are potential carriers of foreign antigenic sequences for vaccine design. In this study, we evaluated the production of chimeric HBcAg VLPs presenting a foreign epitope on their surface, the 551–607 amino acids (aa) immunological epitope of the ORF2 capsid protein of hepatitis E virus. A chimeric construct was made by the insertion of 56 aa into the immunodominant loop of the HBcAg. The sequences encoding the chimera were inserted into the pEAQ-HT vector and infiltrated into Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. The plant-expressed chimeric HBcHEV ORF2 551–607 protein was recognized by an anti-HBcAg mAb and anti-HEV IgG positive swine serum. Electron microscopy showed that plant-produced chimeric protein spontaneously assembled into “knobbly” ~34 nm diameter VLPs. This study shows that HBcAg is a promising carrier platform for the neutralizing epitopes of hepatitis E virus (HEV) and the chimeric HBcAg/HEV VLPs could be a candidate for a bivalent vaccine.
A Critical Review of Approaches to the Design of Floating-Liner Apparatus for Instantaneous Piston Assembly Friction Measurement
Authors: Youssef Abdelrahman M. , Calderbank Graham , Sherrington Ian , Smith Edward H. , Rahnejat Homer
Published: January 2021

Several approaches have been developed to measure instantaneous friction between the piston assembly and cylinder in internal combustion (IC) engines, such as floating-liner, reciprocating liner, instantaneous mean effective pressure (IMEP), fixed sleeve, and (P-ω) method and tribological bench tests. However, the “floating-liner method” and the “(IMEP) method” are the most common methods used to measure instantaneous friction between the piston assembly and IC engines. This paper critically evaluates different approaches to the design of the “floating-liner”. The paper begins by discussing piston assembly frictional losses and their significance and then discuss the development of instantaneous piston-friction measurements. After that, it reviews the main design challenges in the floating-liner approach. “Methods of cylinder sealing” and “force balancing methods” are also reviewed. Design challenges associated with firing operation were presented. Floating-liner designs were classified into different categories with a detailed presentation of the features of each. The paper ends by presenting a range of broad recommendations for further work which would benefit future designs.
Corrosion Behavior of High-Mn Austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–Cr–C Steels in NaCl and NaOH Solutions
Authors: Bosch Juan , Martin Ulises , Aperador Willian , Bastidas José M. , Ress Jacob , Bastidas David M.
Published: January 2021

The corrosion behavior of austenitic Fe–Mn–Al–Cr–C twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) and microband-induced plasticity (MBIP) steels with different alloying elements ranging from 22.6–30 wt.% Mn, 5.2–8.5 wt.% Al, 3.1–5.1 wt.% Cr, to 0.68–1.0 wt.% C was studied in 3.5 wt.% NaCl (pH 7) and 10 wt.% NaOH (pH 14) solutions. The results obtained using potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) techniques, alongside optical microscopy analysis, revealed pitting as the dominant corrosion mechanism in high-Mn TWIP steels. An X-ray diffraction analysis of the surface revealed that the main corrosion products were hematite (Fe2O3), braunite (Mn2O3), and hausmannite (Mn3O4), and binary oxide spinels were also identified, such as galaxite (MnAl2O4) and jacobsite (MnFe2O4). This is due to the higher dissolution rate of Fe and Mn, which present a more active redox potential. In addition, a protective Al2O3 passive film was also revealed, showing enhanced corrosion protection. The highest corrosion susceptibility in both electrolytes was exhibited by the MBIP steel (30 wt.% Mn). Pitting corrosion was observed in both chloride and alkaline solutions.
Unusual Dependence of the Diamond Growth Rate on the Methane Concentration in the Hot Filament Chemical Vapor Deposition Process
Authors: Song Byeong-Kwan , Kim Hwan-Young , Kim Kun-Su , Yang Jeong-Woo , Hwang Nong-Moon
Published: January 2021

Although the growth rate of diamond increased with increasing methane concentration at the filament temperature of 2100 °C during a hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD), it decreased with increasing methane concentration from 1% CH4 –99% H2 to 3% CH4 –97% H2 at 1900 °C. We investigated this unusual dependence of the growth rate on the methane concentration, which might give insight into the growth mechanism of a diamond. One possibility would be that the high methane concentration increases the non-diamond phase, which is then etched faster by atomic hydrogen, resulting in a decrease in the growth rate with increasing methane concentration. At 3% CH4 –97% H2, the graphite was coated on the hot filament both at 1900 °C and 2100 °C. The graphite coating on the filament decreased the number of electrons emitted from the hot filament. The electron emission at 3% CH4 –97% H2 was 13 times less than that at 1% CH4 –99% H2 at the filament temperature of 1900 °C. The lower number of electrons at 3% CH4 –97% H2 was attributed to the formation of the non-diamond phase, which etched faster than diamond, resulting in a lower growth rate.
Cooling Performance Analysis of Outside Fins of the Closed Circuit Axial Piston Transmission
Authors: Yang Chen , Yu Long-jie , Zhang Junhui , Qian Jin-yuan
Published: January 2021

Realizing conversion between fluid power and mechanical energy, the closed circuit axial piston transmission (CCAPT) plays a vital and indispensable role in miscellaneous industries. The frictional loss and leakage loss inside the system give rise to the inevitable temperature rise. In order to prolong the life of the device, a cooling structure on the outside of the CCAPT is designed for promoting heat dissipation. Based on the relevant heat transfer law and the temperature distribution of internal machinery elements, a spiral fin structure is designed at the shell side. With the help of numerical simulation, the effects of fin height, fin pitch, and fin thickness on the thermal performance are studied. The flow field and temperature field on the outside of the fin structure are obtained as a guidance for enhancing heat dissipation effect. Results indicate that the area of rotating elements tend to accumulate heat, where more attention should be paid for a better cooling effect. In addition to this, a moderate increase of fin height, fin pitch and fin thickness has a positive effect on heat transfer enhancement. The peak value of Nusselt number is obtained with a fin height of 7.5 mm, which is about 2.09 times that of the condition without the fin structure. An increase in fin pitch improves both heat transfer performance and comprehensive performance at the same. When fin pitch is 30 mm, Nusselt numberincreases 104% over the original condition.
Capital Allocation Rules and the No-Undercut Property
Authors: Canna Gabriele , Centrone Francesca , Rosazza Gianin Emanuela
Published: January 2021

This paper makes the point on a well known property of capital allocation rules, namely the one called no-undercut. Its desirability in capital allocation stems from some stability game theoretical features that are related to the notion of core, both for finite and infinite games. We review these aspects, by relating them to the properties of the risk measures that are involved in capital allocation problems. We also discuss some problems and possible extensions that arise when we deal with non-coherent risk measures.
Boolean Functions and Permanents of Sylvester Hadamard Matrices
Authors: Armario José Andrés
Published: January 2021

One of the fastest known general techniques for computing permanents is Ryser’s formula. On this note, we show that this formula over Sylvester Hadamard matrices of order 2m, Hm, can be carried out by enumerating m-variable Boolean functions with an arbitrary Walsh spectrum. As a consequence, the quotient per(Hm)/22m might be a measure of the “density” of m-variable Boolean functions with high nonlinearity.
First Detection of Tetrodotoxins in the Cotylean Flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum
Authors: Suo Rei , Kashitani Maho , Oyama Hikaru , Adachi Masaatsu , Nakahigashi Ryota , Sakakibara Ryo , Nishikawa Toshio , Sugita Haruo , Itoi Shiro
Published: January 2021

Several polyclad flatworm species are known to contain high levels of tetrodotoxin (TTX), but currently TTX-bearing flatworms seem to be restricted to specific Planocera lineages belonging to the suborder Acotylea. During our ongoing study of flatworm toxins, high concentrations of TTXs were detected for the first time in the flatworm Prosthiostomum trilineatum, suborder Cotylea, from the coastal area of Hayama, Kanagawa, Japan. Toxin levels were investigated by high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), revealing that this species contains comparable concentrations of toxins as seen in planocerid flatworms such as Planocera multitentaculata. This finding indicated that there may be other species with significant levels of TTXs. The distribution of TTXs among other flatworm species is thus of great interest.
Analysis of the Properties of Hardox Extreme Steel and Possibilities of Its Applications in Machinery
Authors: Białobrzeska Beata , Jasiński Robert , Konat Łukasz , Szczepański Łukasz
Published: January 2021

The article presents the results of Hardox Extreme steel tests in the as-delivered state from a steel mill (after quenching and tempering), and also in the normalized state. The research procedures included a microstructure analysis using light microscopy; and a static tensile test at ambient temperature to determine its Young’s modulus, yield strength, tensile strength, elongation and reduction in area after fracture. During the tensile tests, both the longitudinal and transverse orientation of rolling direction were taken into account. The Charpy impact test was also carried out in the temperature range of the ductile–brittle transition in connection with the fractographic analysis carried out with the use of a scanning microscope (SEM). The impact tests were carried out on samples in both directions on the plate, using the following temperatures: −40, −20, 0, +20 °C. Based on the structural and strength characteristics of Hardox Extreme steel determined on the basis of the research, in a further part of the paper the possibility of its use in machine construction elements operating in selected industrial sectors is considered/discussed, with a particular emphasis on reducing the level of energy consumption in the manufacturing and operation of the above technical facilities.
Effect of Tool Coating and Cutting Parameters on Surface Roughness and Burr Formation during Micromilling of Inconel 718
Authors: Muhammad Atif , Kumar Gupta Munish , Mikołajczyk Tadeusz , Pimenov Danil Yurievich , Giasin Khaled
Published: January 2021

Surface roughness and burr formation are among the most important surface quality metrics which determine the quality of the fabricated parts. High precision machined microparts with complex features require micromachining process to achieve the desired yet stringent surface finish and dimensional accuracy. In this research, the effect of cutting speed (m/min), feed rate (µm/tooth), depth of cut (µm) and three types of tool coating (AlTiN, nACo and TiSiN) were analyzed to study their effect on surface roughness and burr formation during the micromachining of Inconel 718. The analysis was carried out using an optical profilometer, scanning electron microscope and statistical technique. Machining tests were performed at low speed with a feed rate (µm/tooth) below the cutting-edge radius for 10 mm cutting length using a carbide tool of 0.5 mm diameter on a CNC milling machine. From this research, it was determined that the depth of cut was the main factor affecting burr formation, while cutting velocity was the main factor affecting the surface roughness. In addition, cutting tool coating did not significantly affect either surface roughness or burr formation due to the difference in coefficient of friction. The types of burr formed during micromilling of Inconel 718 were mainly influenced by the depth of cut and feed rate (µm/tooth) and were not affected by the cutting velocity. It was also concluded that the results for the surface finish at low-speed machining are comparable to that of transition and high-speed machining, while the burr width found during confirmation experiments at low-speed machining was also within an acceptable range.
Systemic Metabolic Alterations Correlate with Islet-Level Prostaglandin E2 Production and Signaling Mechanisms That Predict β-Cell Dysfunction in a Mouse Model of Type 2 Diabetes
Authors: Schaid Michael D. , Zhu Yanlong , Richardson Nicole E. , Patibandla Chinmai , Ong Irene M. , Fenske Rachel J. , Neuman Joshua C. , Guthery Erin , Reuter Austin , Sandhu Harpreet K. , Fuller Miles H. , Cox Elizabeth D. , Davis Dawn B. , Layden Brian T. , Brasier Allan R. , Lamming Dudley W. , Ge Ying , Kimple Michelle E.
Published: January 2021

The transition from β-cell compensation to β-cell failure is not well understood. Previous works by our group and others have demonstrated a role for Prostaglandin EP3 receptor (EP3), encoded by the Ptger3 gene, in the loss of functional β-cell mass in Type 2 diabetes (T2D). The primary endogenous EP3 ligand is the arachidonic acid metabolite prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). Expression of the pancreatic islet EP3 and PGE2 synthetic enzymes and/or PGE2 excretion itself have all been shown to be upregulated in primary mouse and human islets isolated from animals or human organ donors with established T2D compared to nondiabetic controls. In this study, we took advantage of a rare and fleeting phenotype in which a subset of Black and Tan BRachyury (BTBR) mice homozygous for the Leptinob/ob mutation—a strong genetic model of T2D—were entirely protected from fasting hyperglycemia even with equal obesity and insulin resistance as their hyperglycemic littermates. Utilizing this model, we found numerous alterations in full-body metabolic parameters in T2D-protected mice (e.g., gut microbiome composition, circulating pancreatic and incretin hormones, and markers of systemic inflammation) that correlate with improvements in EP3-mediated β-cell dysfunction.
3D Printed Shape Memory Polymers Produced via Direct Pellet Extrusion
Authors: Cersoli Trenton , Cresanto Alexis , Herberger Callan , MacDonald Eric , Cortes Pedro
Published: January 2021

Shape memory polymers (SMPs) are materials capable of changing their structural configuration from a fixed shape to a temporary shape, and vice versa when subjected to a thermal stimulus. The present work has investigated the 3D printing process of a shape memory polymer (SMP)-based polyurethane using a material extrusion technology. Here, SMP pellets were fed into a printing unit, and actuating coupons were manufactured. In contrast to the conventional film-casting manufacturing processes of SMPs, the use of 3D printing allows the production of complex parts for smart electronics and morphing structures. In the present work, the memory performance of the actuating structure was investigated, and their fundamental recovery and mechanical properties were characterized. The preliminary results show that the assembled structures were able to recover their original conformation following a thermal input. The printed parts were also stamped with a QR code on the surface to include an unclonable pattern for addressing counterfeit features. The stamped coupons were subjected to a deformation-recovery shape process, and it was observed that the QR code was recognized after the parts returned to their original shape. The combination of shape memory effect with authentication features allows for a new dimension of counterfeit thwarting. The 3D-printed SMP parts in this work were also combined with shape memory alloys to create a smart actuator to act as a two-way switch to control data collection of a microcontroller.
Implementation of remote consulting in UK primary care following the COVID-19 pandemic: a mixed-methods longitudinal study
Authors: Murphy Mairead , Scott Lauren J , Salisbury Chris , Turner Andrew , Scott Anne , Denholm Rachel , Lewis Rhys , Iyer Geeta , Macleod John , Horwood Jeremy
Published: January 2021

Background

To reduce contagion of COVID-19, in March 2020 UK general practices implemented predominantly remote consulting via telephone, video, or online consultation platforms.

Aim

To investigate the rapid implementation of remote consulting and explore impact over the initial months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design and setting

Mixed-methods study in 21 general practices in Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire.

Method

Longitudinal observational quantitative analysis compared volume and type of consultation in April to July 2020 with April to July 2019. Negative binomial models were used to identify if changes differed among different groups of patients. Qualitative data from 87 longitudinal interviews with practice staff in four rounds investigated practices’ experience of the move to remote consulting, challenges faced, and solutions. A thematic analysis utilised Normalisation Process Theory.

Results

There was universal consensus that remote consulting was necessary. This drove a rapid change to 90% remote GP consulting (46% for nurses) by April 2020. Consultation rates reduced in April to July 2020 compared to 2019; GPs and nurses maintained a focus on older patients, shielding patients, and patients with poor mental health. Telephone consulting was sufficient for many patient problems, video consulting was used more rarely, and was less essential as lockdown eased. SMS-messaging increased more than three-fold. GPs were concerned about increased clinical risk and some had difficulties setting thresholds for seeing patients face-to-face as lockdown eased.

Conclusion

The shift to remote consulting was successful and a focus maintained on vulnerable patients. It was driven by the imperative to reduce contagion and may have risks; post-pandemic, the model will need adjustment.
ENTERPRENEURIAL-BASED ENGLISH LEARNING (MISS MAYA) TO BUILD ENTREPRENEURIAL LEADERSHIP FOR STUDENTS COLLEGE
Authors: Heriyanto Eko , Khudlori Amin
Published: January 2021

The industrial revolution is a fusion of automation technology with cyber. The current trend in the industrial world is starting to touch the virtual world with several systems such as cyber physical systems, internet of things (IoT), cloud computing, and cognitive computing. Revolution 4.0 implements intelligent technology that can be connected to various lines of life, including students’ needs. They must be active to form their entrepreneurial leadership to face these challenges. Absolutely, this must be supported by encouragement, collaboration and integration of learning in the field of entrepreneurship. The purposes of this research are to describe the steps of implementing the Miss Maya, to find and describe the advantages of Miss Maya in building a concrete entrepreneurial leadership, and to determine the effectiveness of Miss Maya in English learning. The method used is mix method; qualitative and quantitative research design. Primary data include references/ literature/ journals/ books related to the discussion. Secondary data include documentation and field data of the implementation obtained through observation and interviews. The results of this research are the implementation of Miss Maya can be done through the preparation, implementation and assessment. Through t-test analysis which showed that sig. (2-tailed) of all = 0.000 and the probability less than 0.05, Miss Maya is an effective strategy to be used in English learning. Miss Maya is a futuristic imaginative integrative English learning method with six main elements of doing business which is expected to be able to foster the students’ entrepreneurial leadership to face the industrial revolution 4.0.
Empleabilidad de los egresados del programa de Nutrición y Dietética de una Institución Universitaria
Authors: Marín Fabián , Berdugo Brigitt , Molina Sandra , Rincón Erleny
Published: January 2021

Introducción: en los últimos años la profesión de nutrición y dietética ha tenido gran demanda y aceptación debido a que las personas son cada vez más conscientes de la relación directa entre salud y alimentación; sin embargo, es poco lo que está documentado sobre la ocupación laboral de los egresados de esta profesión. Objetivo: caracterizar los aspectos laborales y ocupacionales de los graduados del programa de Nutrición y Dietética de la Institución Universitaria Escuela Nacional del Deporte. Métodos: es un estudio descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo y corte transversal. Se realizó la Encuesta de Seguimiento a Graduados del Ministerio de Educación del 2017, a través del formulario Google formulario en modalidad online a una muestra de 41 egresados entre 2017 y 2019. Resultados: 98 % de los egresados son mujeres. En la actualidad 95 % son activos laboralmente, 80 % vinculados en el sector privado y 20 % en el sector público, con una contratación a término indefinido de 46 %, seguido por prestación de servicio en 34 %. El área con mayor ocupación es la consulta externa (39 %) y la clínica (34 %). El 12 % tiene más de un empleo y los salarios oscilan entre 2 a 3 SMLV en 76 % de la población estudio. Conclusiones: existe una baja tasa de desempleo (5 %) y una fuente de trabajo alta en el Valle del Cauca para la carrera de nutrición, en áreas asistenciales y clínicas. A pesar de que la modalidad de prestación de servicios puntea en la actualidad en nuestro país; aún se conservan contratos a término indefinido.
¿Es adecuado el consumo alimentario de los luchadores olímpicos? Resultados de un estudio descriptivo
Authors: Delgado Zulma , Gaviria Heidy , Guevara Alyson , Berdugo Brigitt
Published: January 2021

Introducción: la lucha olímpica es un deporte de combate que se practica en diferentes “divisiones de peso”. Existe una tendencia a obtener alguna ventaja física frente a sus rivales tratando de competir en una categoría inferior al peso natural, lo que puede llevar al deportista a conductas alimentarias inadecuadas, lo cual constituye una amenaza para la salud y su rendimiento deportivo. Objetivo: identificar las características alimentarias y de consumo de alimentos en los distintos períodos de precompetencia, competencia y poscompetencia de deportistas de lucha olímpica. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuantitativo de tipo descriptivo y corte transversal. Se realizó el recordatorio de 24 horas, el cuestionario de frecuencia de consumo y una encuesta de comportamiento alimentario. Resultados: la ingesta de energía estuvo por debajo de lo recomendado para el deporte (35,8 g/kg/día), al igual que el consumo de proteína en el día previo a la competencia (1,46 g/kg/día). El consumo de los carbohidratos no superó los 6 g/kg/ día y las grasas en 1,2 g/kg/día. En cuanto a los micronutrientes hubo déficit de minerales como sodio, calcio, potasio y zinc. El consumo diario de frutas enteras es del 6 % y de verduras crudas, del 14 %. Conclusiones: los luchadores olímpicos, con el fin de ajustar el peso de categoría, recurren a dietas restrictivas marcadas por un desbalance energético y un déficit de macro y micronutrientes esenciales en los días previos o el mismo día de la competición. Se recomienda realizar un seguimiento a estos deportistas por parte de profesionales de la nutrición para evitar dietas inadecuadas, y así mejorar el rendimiento físico.
Farmaconutrición de la vitamina B12 para COVID-19
Authors: Manzanares William , Hardy Gil
Published: January 2021

La mortalidad por la enfermedad de COVID-19 es mayor en los ancianos, muchos de los cuales sucumben al síndrome de dificultad respiratoria aguda (SDRA) desencadenado por la infección viral. La vitamina B12 parenteral en dosis altas ofrece una nueva terapia prometedora para los pacientes con COVID-19 con SDRA por sepsis/choque séptico. Las propiedades antiinflamatorias y antioxidantes de la vitamina B12 y las transcobalaminas pueden modular la inflamación sistémica, que contribuye a la cascada de citocinas que conduce al SDRA. Se requieren estudios clínicos para establecer un régimen apropiado para administrar vitamina B12 como farmaconutriente, para pacientes críticamente enfermos con COVID-19.
Nitratos y nitritos, la doble cara de la moneda
Authors: Londoño Pereira Mateo , Gómez Ramírez Briana Davahiva
Published: January 2021

Los nitratos y nitritos son compuestos químicos inorgánicos derivados del nitrógeno, que se encuentran naturalmente en alimentos vegetales y de manera adicionada en algunos productos cárnicos procesados. Su presencia en la dieta se ha relacionado históricamente con un alto riesgo de desarrollar cáncer en diferentes tejidos debido a su capacidad de transformarse en N-nitrosaminas, altamente carcinogénicas. El objetivo de este artículo es revisar el impacto que tiene para la salud humana la ingesta de nitratos y nitritos alimentarios, en relación con su procedencia de fuentes naturales o de productos procesados a los que han sido añadidos como aditivos químicos. A pesar de las altas concentraciones de nitratos en alimentos vegetales, no hay justificación válida para restringir su ingesta por un posible incremento en el riesgo de padecer cáncer. Esto se debe a la facultad de los compuestos antioxidantes propios de los alimentos de origen vegetal para inducir la formación de óxido nítrico e inhibir las reacciones de nitrosación y formación de nitrosaminas, lo que tiene efectos favorables para la salud cardiovascular, cognitiva y en el rendimiento deportivo. Se destaca, además, que las dietas con mayor evidencia en la prevención de enfermedades crónicas como el cáncer son particularmente altas en nitratos naturales. Se recomienda precaución en el consumo de nitritos y nitratos provenientes de alimentos procesados, por un posible mayor riesgo de cáncer.
Analizando “El Plato del Bien Comer”
Authors: López Talavera Mónica
Published: January 2021

Las guías alimentarias basadas en alimentos son un apoyo didáctico fundamental para la orientación alimentaria, diseñadas a partir de la población objetivo en la que serán implementadas y evaluadas en su proceso de realización, así como en el conocimiento, la aplicación y sus efectos en la población. En México se cuenta con “El Plato del Bien Comer”, gráfico que se encuentra en la norma NOM-043-SSA2-2012 como material de apoyo para explicar y transmitir el mensaje de la orientación alimentaria de una manera clara, para reforzar su entendimiento. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar un análisis de sus fundamentos, su diseño y las recomendaciones para su aplicación. Derivado de esto se encontró que los posibles puntos de mejora se enfocan en la clasificación, la distribución y la ilustración de los alimentos; al igual que en la inclusión de la actividad física y el consumo de agua. Finalmente se propone que, de ser posible, una modificación del gráfico a partir de los puntos mencionados podría aumentar la oportunidad de adecuarlo al perfil epidemiológico de la población mexicana, así como al cambio de sus patrones alimentarios que están vigentes en la actualidad, al aclarar el mensaje para la promoción de una alimentación saludable.
Diabetes e COVID-19
Authors: Alina Feitosa
Published: January 2021

Em dezembro de 2019, uma série de casos de pneumonia de etiologia desconhecida foram reportados em Wuhan, China, que passou a ser denominada COVID-19 em decorrência da descoberta do seu agente causador, o SARS-CoV-2. A doença tornou-se uma pandemia a partir da declaração da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) em março de 2020. Desde a descoberta, observou-se o comportamento da doença e apesar ter baixo potencial de mortalidade, pode ser bastante severa em pacientes idosos e naqueles com comorbidades, dentre as quais o diabetes.
Single-trap phenomena stochastic switching for noise suppression in nanowire FET biosensors
Authors: Kutovyi Yurii , Madrid Ignacio , Boichuk Nazarii , Kim Soo Hyeon , Fujii Teruo , Jalabert Laurent , Offenhaeusser Andreas , Vitusevich Svetlana , Clément Nicolas
Published: January 2021

With the fast-shrinking of the transistor dimensions, the low-frequency noise level considerably increases emerging as an important parameter for the design of advanced devices for information technologies. Single-trap phenomena (STP) is a promising approach for the low-frequency noise suppression technique in nanotransistor biosensors by considering trapping/detrapping noise as a signal. We show a noise reduction mechanism offered by STP in nanoscale devices making the analogy with stochastic resonance effect found in biological systems by considering a single trap as a bistable stochastically driven nonlinear system which transmits and amplifies the weak signals. The STP noise suppression effect is experimentally demonstrated for the fabricated liquid-gated nanosensors exploiting STP. We found the optimal conditions and parameters including optimized gate voltages to implement a stochastic switching effect for the extraction of useful signals from the background noise level. These results should be considered for the development of reliable and highly sensitive nanoscale biosensors.
Importance of crystallinity improvement in MoS2 film by compound sputtering even followed by post sulfurization
Authors: Imai Shinya , Hamada Takuya , Hamada Masaya , Shirokura Takanori , Muneta Iriya , Kakushima Kuniyuki , Tatsumi Tetsuya , Tomiya Shigetaka , Tsutsui Kazuo , Wakabayashi Hitoshi
Published: January 2021

The MoS2 film for chip-size area was synthesized by two step processes consisting of MoS2-compound sputtering and post sulfurization. We intentionally revealed that the crystallinity of sulfurized MoS2 film depends on that of just-after-sputtered film. Therefore, a crystallinity improvement just-after sputtering is mandatory to achieve an excellent quality MoS2 film after sulfur-vapor annealing for thin film transistor, sensor and human interface device applications.
Separation of bias stress degradation between insulator and semiconductor carrier trapping in organic thin-film transistors
Authors: Oshima Kunihiro , Bian Song , Kuribara Kazunori , Sato Takashi
Published: January 2021

Organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) are studied intensively for realizing practical applications of flexible or large-area circuits, but rapid degradation of OTFTs due to stress voltage or reaction with water vapor or oxygen in the air limits their lifetime. In order to analyze the cause of rapid bias-stress degradation, we propose a method that separates the cause of threshold voltage (V
th) shift into insulator carrier trapping (ICT) and semiconductor carrier trapping components. The experimental results show that the ICT components account for nearly 50% of the total V
th shift in n-type OTFTs, while the ICT-induced V
th shifts is about 20% of the total V
th shift in p-type OTFTs regardless of the insulator materials: SAM or parylene. The experimental results suggest that the short lifetime of the n-type OTFTs with SAM-based insulator is caused by the instability of the SAM-based insulator due to ICT. In addition, the instability of the p-type OTFTs with SAM-based insulator is discussed based on measurement, and as a result, capacitance shift due to ICT may also affect the degradation of highly biased p-type OTFTs.
Pentacene memory transistors using ligand-exchanged and energy-level-controlled PbS colloidal nanodots for charge-trapping layers
Authors: Ihara Seiya , Uno Kazuyuki , Tanaka Ichiro
Published: January 2021

We fabricated pentacene memory transistors using a monolayer of ligand-exchanged and energy-level-controlled PbS colloidal nanodots (NDs) as charge-trapping layers, and it was demonstrated that the writing and retention times were reduced and increased, respectively. This result is explained with a model that the memory effect is due to the electrons tunneled from the pentacene layer into the PbS NDs when a writing voltage was applied. According to this model, the writing and retention characteristics were improved because of the lowered electron energy levels in the NDs.
GaN-on-silicon transistors with reduced current collapse and improved blocking voltage by means of local substrate removal
Authors: Abid Idriss , Canato Eleonora , Meneghini Matteo , Meneghesso Gaudenzio , Cheng Kai , Medjdoub Farid
Published: January 2021

We report on the demonstration of low trapping effects above 1200 V of GaN-on-silicon transistors using a local substrate removal (LSR) followed by a thick backside ultra-wide-bandgap AlN deposition. Substrate ramp measurements show reduced hysteresis up to 3000 V. It has been found that the LSR approach not only enables the extension operation voltage capabilities of GaN-on-silicon HEMTs with low on-resistance but also allow for the reduction of trapping effects directly affecting their dynamic behavior. This work points out that a large part of the electron trapping under high bias occurs at the AlN nucleation layer and Si substrate interface.
The tunable one-way transmission of Lamb waves by using giant magnetostrictive materials
Authors: Xue Xiaowei , Li Peng , Jin Feng
Published: January 2021

The methodology to realize the tunable one-way transmission of Lamb waves is proposed by using giant magnetostrictive materials. The elasticity of Terfenol-D is sensitive to the external magnetic fields, based on which the one-way transmission anti-symmetric and symmetric Lamb waves is achieved via non-symmetric magnetic field distributions imposed on Terfenol-D, and exemplified by numerical simulations in the frequency domain. Finally, the frequency tunability under magnetic fields is revealed quantitatively. The design scheme proposed is easily fabricated and artificially controllable, which opens a new prospect for the wave rectification and engineering applications.
Numerical simulation of artificial spin ice for reservoir computing
Authors: Hon Kwan , Kuwabiraki Yuki , Goto Minori , Nakatani Ryoichi , Suzuki Yoshishige , Nomura Hikaru
Published: January 2021

We propose the use of artificial spin ice (ASI) for reservoir computing and evaluate its performance from simulation results. Our ASI reservoir is formed by 72 magnets arranged in a honeycomb lattice and the temperature is 0 K. A pseudo-random binary sequence is sent to the reservoir and its status is updated by external magnetic fields. Short-term memory capacity of 3.5 and nonlinear computational capacity of 2.9 are achieved when the strength of the magnetic fields is near the switching field of the magnets. The performance can be optimized by tuning the aspect ratios of the magnets.
Assessing the Impact of the Foreign Economic Complex on the Economic Immunity of a Regional System
Authors: Shamova E. A. , Myslyakova Yu. G.
Published: January 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to confirm the hypothesis that the type of economic immunity of a territory is determined by a specific concentration of activity of economic entities, with the foreign economic complex of the region playing an important role.

Tasks. The authors expand the notion of economic immunity of a regional system and identify its influencing factors; develop a methodological approach to assessing the impact of the foreign economic complex on regional immunity; test the assessment methodology and formulate directions for improving the operation of the foreign economic complex in the context of transformations in the economic immunity of regional systems.

Methods. This study uses general scientific methods of cognition to examine the concept of regional economic immunity and substantiate the structure of the region’s foreign economic complex from the perspective of its interaction with certain economic processes occurring in the regional system. Regression models serve as the basis of the methodological approach to assessing the degree of influence of the foreign economic complex on the formation of regional economic immunity.

Results. The proposed original methodology is tested by analyzing data for 2012-2018 on the development of 59 constituent entities of the Russian Federation that are industrial regions and have foreign economic relations. The performance of the regional foreign economic complex and its correlation with the region’s development indicators are determined. Three main types of economic immunity of regional systems (extractive, inclusive, and mixed) are identified, forming under the influence of the foreign economic complex, and the examined regions are grouped by types of economic immunity.

Conclusions. Based on the determined characteristic differences in the formation of the types of regional economic immunity, and with the inclusive type being the most effective option for diversifying exports, creating new jobs, and improving the population’s quality of life as a whole, the necessity of incentives in the transition of regional economies towards the formation of this type of immunity is substantiated. This makes it possible to identify three main scenarios of transition towards the inclusive type of regional economic immunity: the first scenario involves the transformation of the extractive type of immunity into mixed, allowing for a smoother transition towards the desired type and for the establishment or reformation of existing institutions in the territory; the second scenario involves the transformation of the mixed type of immunity into inclusive by diversifying the economy and exports; the third scenario is premised on enhancing the inclusiveness of immunity by expanding exports of high-tech products.
Stages and Algorithm for Assessing the Intellectual Capital of an Innovative Industrial Cluster
Authors: Glukhov V. V. , Babkin A. V. , Alekseeva N. S.
Published: January 2021

Aim. The presented study aims to identify stages and propose an algorithm for assessing the intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster.

Tasks. The authors classify the types of intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster; propose the structure of the intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster; develop the stages for assessing the intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster and an algorithm for assessing the intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster.

Methods. This study uses a combination of general scientific and natural scientific methods of cognition: observation, generalization, abstraction, and the graphical approach. These methods are used to consistently solve the tasks of the study.

Results. During the analysis of the types of intellectual capital of innovative industrial clusters, the authors classify them according to three criteria: carrier, involvement in the processes of the innovative industrial cluster, and the type of existence. The proposed classification allows the authors to develop the structure of intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster, which is presented in the form of four levels characterized by compressibility. The authors develop and describe the stages of assessing the intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster and propose an algorithm for its assessment consisting of three stages: preparatory, main, and final.

Conclusions. The study describes stages and an algorithm for assessing the intellectual capital of an innovative industrial cluster, which can be used to manage intellectual capital in order to increase its value and develop an innovative industrial cluster.