bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROPERTIES OF AN UNUSUAL PHOTOPRODUCT OF U.V. IRRADIATED THYMIDYLYL‐THYMIDINE
Authors: Pearson M. L. , Ottensmeyer F. P. , Johns H. E.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— One of the four major photoproducts formed by UV irradiation of TpT in aqueous solution has a number of unusual properties. This compound, which we arbitrarily call TpT4, is produced irreversibly from TpT with single‐hit kinetics and seems to represent a novel pathway for TpT photolysis different from the conventional cyclobutane ring dimer formation. This communication describes the preparative isolation of TpT4 by ion‐exchange chromatography on DEAE‐cellulose and its UV, fluorescence and IR spectra. TpT4 has an absorption maximum at 325 mμ, fluoresces at 405 mμ when excited at 325 mμ, and has an IR spectrum consistent with the assumption that one of the thymine rings has been converted to a pyrimidin‐2‐one structure. In addition, TpT4 appears to have both pyrimidine rings linked together and does not contain a peroxide group as previously supposed. Spectrophotometric titration shows that TpT4 has a pKâ of 10.75 and is unstable to prolonged treatment at extreme pH. A model structure consistent with the present data is given. This model contains the glycosidic and phosphodiester bonds intact with a 5‐methylpyrimidine‐2‐one ring and a thymine ring joined in ether linkage at the C4 positions, with an OH at the C4 position in the thymine ring.
THE CHEMILUMINESCENT NO—O‐ATOM REACTION
Authors: Applebaum David , Harteck Paul , Reeves Robert R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— New additional experimental data were obtained to give further information pertinent to the mechanism for the chemiluminescent NO—O‐atom reaction. Results were obtained for the change of emission intensities from 10 to 300 microns pressure. Some studies were also made of the effect of various third bodies. The results support a simple two body recombination for the mechanism for the light emission: NO+O + NO2+hv.
THE PARTICIPATION OF EXCITED OXYGEN IN A CHEMILUMINESCENT REACTION†
Authors: Rosenberg J. L. , Humphries Frederick S.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Some properties of silica gel adsorbates of the acridine dye, acriflavine, have been investigated in the presence of oxygen and inert gases. In addition to its well‐known quenching of phosphorescence, oxygen stimulates additional luminescence, a chemi‐luminescence, at high concentrations of the dye triplet state molecules. The dependence of the chemiluminescence and of oxygen consumption on experimental variables have been explained in terms of a mechanism in which O2*, formed in the act of quenching of one photoexcited dye molecule by oxygen, diffuses to a second excited dye molecule where it may cause an irreversible oxidation. This oxidation may be accompanied by chemi‐luminescence. Both the intensity of the chemiluminescence and the rate of oxygen consumption were found to be reduced specifically by inert gases having vibrational frequencies close to the vibrational spacings of oxygen. It was concluded that O2* is probably vibrationally excited oxygen and that it is deactivated principally by resonance energy transfer processes.
CONTRIBUTION A L‘ÉTUDE DU RÔLE DE LA LUMIÈRE DANS LA SEXUALISATION DU GAMÉTOPHYTE DE MARCHANTIA POLYMORPHA L.
Authors: Courtoy R.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Gemmae of Marchantia polymorpha L. were grown in artificial light (16 hr, 4000 lx), aseptic conditions, at the Phytotron of Liège. It was shown that:

(1) Two distinct phases are obvious in growth and development of the gemmae:

(a) A juvenile phase with a minimum length of 15 days in any kind of light quality, on a mineral nutrient medium.

(b) An inductive phase, during which the inception of primordia occurs in incandescent light.

(2) When 1% sucrose is added to the mineral nutrient medium, the length of the juvenile phase is reduced to 5 days; however, sucrose has no action when it is provided in the dark.

It is assumed that the inductive incandescent light may promote a high energy reaction which is required for sexual induction.
L'ACTIVITÉ RESPIRATOIRE DE PERILLA NANKINENSIS (S.D.P.) EN FONCTION DES CONDITIONS LUMINEUSES (DURÉE, INTENSITÉ)
Authors: Deleuze Guy G.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Day length and light intensity influence the respiratory activity of Perila nankinensis (short‐day plant). Oxygen consumption in the leaves and in the apical bud is always greater in 8‐hr days than in 16‐hr days. It decreases during the course of development in short days (from germination to flowering) and in long days (vegetative growth). It increases after a transfer from non‐inductive day length to inductive (leading to flowering) and decreases after the inverse transfer.

In both short days and long days, respiration rate in the leaves and the apical bud depend on light intensity. In short days, the reduction of light intensity decreases the respiratory activity. In long days, the respiration rate increases only temporarily.
LASERS IN CHEMISTRY*
Authors: Rentzepis P. M.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Lasers have not been applied as widely in chemistry as in physics. However the larger number of laser lines available now, which have higher power, and short pulse duration enhances their application in chemistry and related fields.

This paper discusses some of the advantages of lasers over the normal or classical light sources. This description of the applications of lasers in chemistry is not claimed to be complete nor intended to include all of the reported work of laser application in chemistry, but to describe a few applications of lasers in several fields of chemistry.
PHOTOPRODUCTS IN DNA IRRADIATED IN VIVO*
Authors: SETLOW R. B.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— Ultraviolet irradiation of DNA in vitro and in vivo results in the formation of many different types of photoproducts. The general procedure for correlating such photoproducts with photo‐biological effects is outlined and is applied for cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and for spore photoproducts.

La irradiación de DNA in vitro e in vivo conduce a la formación de distintos tipos de fotoproductos. Es delineado el procedimlento general para relacionar esos fotoproductos con efectos biológicos y es aplicado a dimeros de ciclobutano, pirimidina y para fotoproductos de esporas.
THE EFFECTS OF GAMMA RADIATION ON AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS OF 2′‐3′ URIDYLIC ACID
Authors: CASTRO ENRIQUE , JIMÉNEZ ROSA
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The free radicals induced by gamma radiation in deaerated aqueous solutions of 2′‐3′ uridylic acid at 77°K have been studied by electron spin resonance techniques. The annealing at 193°K of the OH radical trapped at 77°K produces a secondary radical at the uridylic acid base. Saturated base products were detected chromatographically. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of these degradation products.

Han sido estudiados los radicales libres inducidos por irradiación gamma en soluciones acuosas y deaireadas de 2′‐3′ácido uridílico a 77°K, usando ESR. El recocido a 193°K del radical OH atrapado a 77°K produce un radical secundario en la base del ácido uridílico. Los productos saturados fueron detectados por cromatografia. Se propone además un mecanismo para la formación de los productos de degradación.
THE KINETICS AND THE MECHANISMS OF SOME PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTIONS OF FLUORINE ATOMS AND FLUORINE‐CONTAINING RADICALS
Authors: SCHUMACHER H. J.
Published: January 2008

Abstract— The mechanisms of these reactions were established and the kinetic parameters of their partial reactions determined:

image

Se establecieron los mecanismos de las reacciones presentadas a continuación, además de determinarse los parámetros cinéticos de sus reacciones parciales.

image

image
Ideal Flow in Plasticity
Authors: Chung Kwansoo , Alexandrov Sergei
Published: January 2008

Ideal plastic flows constitute a class of solutions in the classical theory of plasticity based on, especially for bulk forming cases, Tresca’s yield criterion without hardening and its associated flow rule. They are defined by the condition that all material elements follow the minimum plastic work path, a condition which is believed to be advantageous for forming processes. Thus, the ideal flow theory has been proposed as the basis of procedures for the direct preliminary design of forming processes, which mainly involve plastic deformation. The aim of the present review is to provide a summary of both the theory of ideal flows and its applications. The theory includes steady and nonsteady flows, which are divided into three sections, respectively: plane-strain flows, axisymmetric flows, and three-dimensional flows. The role of the method of characteristics, including the computational aspect, is emphasized. The theory of ideal membrane flows is also included but separately because of its advanced applications based on finite element numerical codes. For membrane flows, restrictions on the constitutive behavior of materials are significantly relaxed so that more sophisticated anisotropic constitutive laws with hardening are accounted for. In applications, the ideal plastic flow theory provides not only process design guidelines for current forming processes under realistic tool constraints, but also proposes new ultimate optimum process information for futuristic processes.
Molecular Identification of Twelve Medicinal Plants of Huperziaceae
Authors: Ji Shengguo , Huo Keke , Wang Jun , Pan Shengli
Published: January 2008

Twelve species of Huperziaceae have been identified for resolving the resource depletion of Huperziaceae plants. The chloroplast genes rbcL, rpL16, and psbA-trnH intergenic spacers were used in this study. Identification of different species of Huperziaceae is possible by analyzing the information obtained from rbcL, rpL16, and psbA-trnH intergenic spacer sequences. The result also can provide information with regard to the use of plant tissue culture and cuttage propagation to solve the problem of the resource depletion of these plants.
Interview with Konstantinos Chorianopoulos
Authors: Lee Newton , Chorianopoulos Konstantinos
Published: January 2008

Konstantinos Chorianopoulos is an European Community (EC) Marie Curie Fellow at the Department of Architecture at the Bauhaus University of Weimar. Konstantinos is also an Adjunct Lecturer at the Department of Product and Systems Design Engineering at the University of the Aegean. He has participated in many EC-funded research projects in the field of human-computer interaction for information, communication and entertainment applications in TV, mobile, and situated computing devices. He is the founder of UITV.INFO, a newsletter and web portal for interactive television research resources (papers, theses), news and events. In the video interview, you will hear Konstantinos' answers to the following questions:

1. What is interactive TV?

2. What is the role of ITV in learning and entertainment?

3. What is one of the most successful applications of ITV so far?

4. What are some of the major research areas in ITV?

5. How do you envision the future growth of ITV?
ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications (ACM TOMCCAP)
Authors: Lee Newton
Published: January 2008

Call for papers for Special Issue of ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications and Applications on Interactive Digital Television
Human trials
Authors: Anstey Josephine , Bay-Cheng Sarah , Pape Dave , Shapiro Stuart C.
Published: January 2008

Human Trials
is simultaneously a public/private and embodied/disembodied performance. One user enters an immersive virtual environment and is led on an absurd quest. The challenges appear to be about control and the choices one makes in using power; but the games are rigged, the characters are duplicitous, the quest is a decoy, and the underlying test is how to cope with disempowerment. Meanwhile the experience is screened for a voyeuristic audience primed by reality TV. The audience members simultaneously watch multiple viewpoints of the virtual world, while live performers, networked into the virtual environment, attempt to entangle the protagonist in their improvisational machinations. The project combines virtual reality, networking, and artificial intelligence technologies.
Bell's law for the birth and death of computer classes
Authors: Bell Gordon
Published: January 2008

A theory of the computer's evolution.
The battle of the covers
Authors: Lynn M. Stuart
Published: January 2008

The battle of the covers. That was the beginning. I had just taken over as Editor-in-Chief of CACM in 1969. Don Madden was then ACM's Executive Director. With undoubtedly some justification, he was concerned that the covers of CACM were too drab and were not attractive to an increasingly broad base of membership. He wanted to brighten them up.
Homologous Recombination Is the Principal Pathway for the Repair of DNA Damage Induced by Tirapazamine in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Evans James W. , Chernikova Sophia B. , Kachnic Lisa A. , Banath Judit P. , Sordet Olivier , Delahoussaye Yvette M. , Treszezamsky Alejandro , Chon Brian H. , Feng Zhihui , Gu Yongchuan , Wilson William R. , Pommier Yves , Olive Peggy L. , Powell Simon N. , Brown J. Martin
Published: January 2008

Tirapazamine (3-amino-1,2,4-benzotriazine-1,4-dioxide) is a promising hypoxia-selective cytotoxin that has shown significant activity in advanced clinical trials in combination with radiotherapy and cisplatin. The current study aimed to advance our understanding of tirapazamine-induced lesions and the pathways involved in their repair. We show that homologous recombination plays a critical role in repair of tirapazamine-induced damage because cells defective in homologous recombination proteins XRCC2, XRCC3, Rad51D, BRCA1, or BRCA2 are particularly sensitive to tirapazamine. Consistent with the involvement of homologous recombination repair, we observed extensive sister chromatid exchanges after treatment with tirapazamine. We also show that the nonhomologous end-joining pathway, which predominantly deals with frank double-strand breaks (DSB), is not involved in the repair of tirapazamine-induced DSBs. In addition, we show that tirapazamine preferentially kills mutants both with defects in XPF/ERCC1 (but not in other nucleotide excision repair factors) and with defects in base excision repair. Tirapazamine also induces DNA-protein cross-links, which include stable DNA-topoisomerase I cleavable complexes. We further show that γH2AX, an indicator of DNA DSBs, is induced preferentially in cells in the S phase of the cell cycle. These observations lead us to an overall model of tirapazamine damage in which DNA single-strand breaks, base damage, and DNA-protein cross-links (including topoisomerase I and II cleavable complexes) produce stalling and collapse of replication forks, the resolution of which results in DSB intermediates, requiring homologous recombination and XPF/ERCC1 for their repair. [Cancer Res 2008;68(1):257–65]
Fludarabine, Cyclophosphamide, and Mitoxantrone as Initial Therapy of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: High Response Rate and Disease Eradication
Authors: Bosch Francesc , Ferrer Ana , Villamor Neus , González Marcos , Briones Javier , González-Barca Eva , Abella Eugenia , Gardella Santiago , Escoda Lourdes , Pérez-Ceballos Elena , Asensi Antoni , Sayas Ma José , Font Llorenç , Altés Albert , Muntañola Ana , Bertazzoni Paola , Rozman María , Aymerich Marta , Giné Eva , Montserrat Emili
Published: January 2008

Purpose: Fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and mitoxantrone (FCM) results in a high response rate in previously treated patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). The aim of this study was to investigate FCM as frontline therapy in CLL.

Experimental Design: Sixty-nine patients under the age of 65 years with active CLL were treated. Patients received six cycles of fludarabine 25 mg/m2 i.v. × 3 days, cyclophosphamide 200 mg/m2 i.v. × 3 days, and mitoxantrone 6 mg/m2 i.v. × 1 day. Treatment outcome was correlated with clinical and biological variables. The clinical significance of eradicating minimal residual disease (MRD) was also analyzed.

Results: The overall response, MRD-negative complete response (CR), MRD-positive CR, nodular partial response (PR), and PR rates were 90%, 26%, 38%, 14%, and 12%, respectively. Severe (grades 3 or 4) neutropenia developed in 10% of the patients. Major and minor infections were reported in 1% and 8% of cases, respectively. Median response duration was 37 months. Patients with del(17p) failed to attain CR. Patients achieving MRD-negative CR had a longer response duration and overall survival than patients with an inferior response. Low serum lactate dehydrogenase levels, low ZAP-70 expression, and mutated IgVH genes predicted longer response duration. Finally, both low ZAP-70 and CD38 expression in leukemic cells correlated with MRD-negativity achievement.

Conclusion: FCM induces a high response rate, including MRD-negative CRs in untreated patients with active CLL. Treatment toxicity is acceptable. Both high ZAP-70 and increased CD38 expression predict failure to obtain MRD-negative response. Patients in whom MRD can be eradicated have longer response duration and overall survival than those with inferior response. These results indicate that FCM can be an ideal companion for chemoimmunotherapy of patients with CLL.
Node-Negative Colorectal Cancer at High Risk of Distant Metastasis Identified by Combined Analysis of Lymph Node Status, Vascular Invasion, and Raf-1 Kinase Inhibitor Protein Expression
Authors: Zlobec Inti , Baker Kristi , Minoo Parham , Jass Jeremy R. , Terracciano Luigi , Lugli Alessandro
Published: January 2008

Purpose: To identify independent clinicopathologic factors and protein markers leading to the identification of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with mismatch repair proficiency at risk of developing metastasis and, consequently, more likely to benefit from combined modality therapy.

Experimental Design: Immunohistochemistry for 22 tumor markers was done using a tissue microarray. A subset of 387 CRC patients with complete clinicopathologic data and TNM stage was analyzed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were done to identify independent predictive markers of metastasis. The results were validated on 810 CRC patients.

Results: In univariate analysis, T stage (P < 0.001), N stage (P < 0.001), tumor grade (P = 0.005), vascular invasion (P < 0.001), tumor budding (P < 0.001), positive expression of β-catenin (P = 0.015), overexpression of RHAMM (P = 0.008), negative expression of Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP; P = 0.001), and absence of intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.017) were significantly associated with the presence of distant metastasis. In multivariate analysis, higher N stage (P < 0.001), presence of vascular invasion (P = 0.009), and RKIP loss (P = 0.003) independently predicted distant metastatic disease. A subgroup of node-negative patients was identified as high risk for distant metastasis and showed a similar probability of metastatic risk and nearly identical survival times as node-positive patients with absence of vascular invasion and positive RKIP expression (metastatic risk, 24% and 22%; median survival time, 45.0 and 47.0 months, respectively).

Conclusion: The combined analysis of N stage, vascular invasion, and RKIP expression is highly predictive of distant metastasis in patients with mismatch repair–proficient CRC. Additionally, a subgroup of more aggressive N0 tumors can be identified by evaluating vascular invasion and RKIP expression.
Noninvasive In Vivo Imaging of Monocyte Trafficking to Atherosclerotic Lesions
Authors: Kircher Moritz F. , Grimm Jan , Swirski Filip K. , Libby Peter , Gerszten Robert E. , Allport Jennifer R. , Weissleder Ralph
Published: January 2008

Background—

Monocytes play a key role in atherogenesis, but their participation has been discerned largely via ex vivo analyses of atherosclerotic lesions. We sought to establish a noninvasive technique to determine monocyte trafficking to atherosclerotic lesions in live animals.

Methods and Results—

Using a micro–single-photon emission computed tomography small-animal imaging system and a Food and Drug Administration–approved radiotracer ([indium 111] oxyquinoline,
111
In-oxine), we demonstrate here that monocyte recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions can be visualized in a noninvasive, dynamic, and 3-dimensional fashion in live animals. We show in vivo that monocytes are recruited avidly to plaques within days of adoptive transfer. Using micro–single-photon emission computed tomography imaging as a screening tool, we were able to investigate modulatory effects on monocyte recruitment in live animals. We found that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors rapidly and substantially reduce monocyte recruitment to existing atherosclerotic lesions, as imaged here in vivo.

Conclusions—

This novel approach to track monocytes to atherosclerotic plaques in vivo should have broad applications and create new insights into the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases.
Symptoms and coping in Sri Lanka 20–21 months after the 2004 tsunami
Authors: Hollifield Michael , Hewage Chandanie , Gunawardena Charlotte N. , Kodituwakku Piyadasa , Bopagoda Kalum , Weerarathnege Krishantha ,   International Post-Tsunami Study Group
Published: January 2008

Background

The estimated prevalence of clinically significant psychiatric and somatic symptoms in adults >1 year after the 2004 Asian tsunami is unknown.

Aims

To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric and somatic symptoms and impairment in Sri Lanka 20–21 months after the 2004 Asian tsunami, and to assess coping strategies used by tsunami-affected individuals that contribute to post-tsunami adjustment.

Method

Homes from one severely affected area were randomly selected, and adult respondents were sampled utilising a modified Kish method. Instruments were administered in Sinhala to assess exposure, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, anxiety, somatic distress and impairment. Demographic variables and culturally-relevant coping activities were assessed.

Results

The prevalence of clinically significant PTSD, depression and anxiety was 21%, 16% and 30% respectively. Respondents reported a mean of eight persistent and bothersome somatic complaints, which were associated with psychiatric symptoms and impairment. Thinking that one's life was in danger was the exposure item most strongly associated with symptoms and impairment. The majority of respondents found their own strength, family and friends, a Western-style hospital and their religious practice to be the most helpful coping aids.

Conclusions

A large minority of adults in one area of Sri Lanka reported significant psychiatric and somatic symptoms and impairment 20–21 months after the tsunami. Accurate data about risk for and resilience to impairing symptoms > 1 year after disasters are necessary in order to develop rational surveillance and interventions.
Desenvolvimento do software DRLinhagem para detecção de linhagens citoplasmáticas e avaliação de seu efeito sobre os pesos à desmama e ao ano de idade de animais Nelore no Centro-Oeste brasileiro
Authors: Ventura R.V. , Silva M.A. , Dionello N.L. , Magalhães D.F.D. , Pereira J.C.C. , Penna V.M. , Bergmann J.A.G. , Madalena F.E.
Published: January 2008

Dados de 769.925 animais da raça Nelore, nascidos de 1965 a 2000, em 30 regiões distintas do Brasil, foram utilizados como base de dados para desenvolvimento de um programa computacional flexível, de fácil uso, que permitisse a identificação de linhagens fundadoras de rebanhos, com filtro por país, estado, região ou rebanho. Foi escolhida a região Centro-Oeste, representativa do Brasil, para o estudo pormenorizado do efeito citoplasmático sobre característica de peso aos 205 e 365 dias de idade de animais Nelore. Os componentes de variância de linhagem citoplasmática foram iguais a 0,58x10-3 para peso aos 205 dias e 0,80x10-3 para o peso aos 365 dias e contribuíram com 1,00x10-5% e 9,90x10-6% da variância fenotípica total. Os componentes de variância aditivo direto foram responsáveis por 11 e 21% da variação fenotípica total dos pesos aos 205 e 365 dias de idade.
A consistência das medidas de pós-materialismo: testando a validade dos índices propostos por R. Inglehart no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Ribeiro Ednaldo
Published: January 2008

A teoria do desenvolvimento humano, defendida por R. Inglehart, postula que uma mudança lenta e gradual nas prioridades valorativas individuais tem ocorrido em escala mundial nas últimas décadas. Essa alteração estaria conduzindo à adoção de valores pós-materialistas que enfatizam a qualidade de vida e a auto-expressão como metas individuais e societais. Os índices construídos por esse pesquisador para medir tais prioridades valorativas, entretanto, têm sido alvo de diversas críticas que questionam a sua validade e consistência. Nesse artigo apresentamos um conjunto de testes envolvendo essas medidas para o caso brasileiro específico, com o objetivo de contribuir com esse debate teórico-metodológico. Utilizando dados produzidos pelo projeto World Values Survey e empregando diferentes técnicas estatísticas, identificamos que as medidas em questão apresentam significativa consistência em nosso contexto.
Compositional change in fish assemblages along the Andean piedmont - Llanos floodplain gradient of the río Portuguesa, Venezuela
Authors: Hoeinghaus David J. , Winemiller Kirk O. , Taphorn Donald C.
Published: January 2008

The Llanos is an extensive area of savannas and floodplains in central and western Venezuela that encompasses a gradual elevation gradient from the río Orinoco to the foothills of the Andean piedmont. The río Portuguesa is one of the major rivers in this region that until recently had escaped major anthropogenic impacts and still maintains substantial seasonal fish migrations. However, little work has been conducted on fish ecology in this river. The present study analyzes museum collections sampled at 28 locations along the longitudinal gradient of the río Portuguesa to assess similarity of species composition from the foothills of the Andean piedmont to the lowland llanos floodplain. The standardized samples used in this analysis contained greater than 133 species representing 6 orders and 27 families, dominated by characiforms (61 species) and siluriforms (52 species). Detrended correspondence analysis (DCA) ordination of samples revealed a continual pattern of compositional change, and species are added at a faster rate than they are lost as one moves from the foothills of the piedmont to the low llanos. Based on DCA, samples from three elevational segments were found to significantly differ in fish species composition. Assemblages in the upper reaches contained unique species of loricariid catfishes, small pimelodid and trichomycterid catfishes, and small characiforms not observed at lower elevations. The lowland reach contained species of cichlids, large catfishes and characids not collected from the other two regions. Samples from the middle region revealed transitional species composition. Longitudinal species turnover probably reflects differences in environmental characteristics such as a water velocity, substrate composition and disturbance regime. Findings from this broad-scale analysis contribute to a baseline for future studies of fish ecology in this region.
Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus uruguayensis Messner, 1962, an available name and a senior synonym of Cyanocharax macropinna Malabarba & Weitzman, 2003 (Ostariophysi: Characidae)
Authors: Malabarba Luiz R. , Weitzman Stanley H. , Litz Thomas
Published: January 2008

Hyphessobrycon melanopleurus uruguayensis, Astyanacinus platensis, and Astyanax stenohalinus, published in a mimeographed paper by Messner in 1962 are considered available names. The subspecific name H. melanopleurus uruguayensis is recognized as a senior synonym of Cyanocharax macropinna Malabarba & Weitzman, 2003, and therefore referred to as Cyanocharax uruguayensis (Messner, 1962), new combination.
Active Influenza Surveillance at the Local Level: A Model for Local Health Agencies
Authors: Ghosh Tista S. , Vogt Richard L.
Published: January 2008

Laboratory-supported, community-based local surveillance systems for influenza can act as early warning systems in identifying the initial entry points of different influenza strains into the community. Unfortunately, local health departments often have limited resources to implement this type of surveillance. We developed and evaluated an active, local influenza surveillance system in 3 metropolitan Denver, Colo, counties that enabled timely case ascertainment and strain identification at little cost. When compared with Colorado’s surveillance system, our system detected cases 7 to 8 weeks earlier than the state’s electronic disease reporting system.
A note on some relations among special sums of reciprocals modulo p
Authors: Skula Ladislav
Published: January 2008

In this note the sums s(k, N) of reciprocals
$$\sum\limits_{\tfrac{{kp}}{N} < x < \tfrac{{(k + 1)p}}{N}} {\tfrac{1}{x}(mod p)} $$
are investigated, where p is an odd prime, N, k are integers, p does not divide N, N ≥ 1 and 0 ≤ k ≤ N − 1. Some linear relations for these sums are derived using “logarithmic property” and Lerch’s Theorem on the Fermat quotient. Particularly in case N = 10 another linear relation is shown by means of Williams’ congruences for the Fibonacci numbers.
Connection between Fermat quotients and Euler numbers
Authors: Jakubec Stanislav
Published: January 2008

In the paper, we obtain a congruence modulo p
3 among Euler numbers E
p−1, E
2p−2, and Fermat quotients Q
2, Q
a where p = a
2 + 4b
2.
Oscillation of solutions of neutral parabolic differential equations with oscillating coefficients
Authors: Parhi N. , Chand Sunita
Published: January 2008

Sufficient conditions are obtained for oscillation of solutions of a class of neutral parabolic differential equations with oscillating coefficients.
Design of Personal Rapid Transit Circulator for Major Activity Center
Authors: Raney Steve , Paxson James , Maymudes David
Published: January 2008

The design of a comprehensive mobility system for a suburban San Francisco, California, East Bay Area office park exposes a number of new transit circulator implementation challenges. Original system design perspectives are provided for many aspects. These include horizontal mixed use and how resident out-commuters will generate more trips than do employee in-commuters; line-haul transit capacity constraints that loom as an obstacle to rapid spread of personal rapid transit (PRT) circulators; PRT station placement challenges with office park superblocks; design methodology to allocate PRT stations to workers and residents; and ideal office park characteristics for PRT alignments. Also considered are problems with generating too much PRT circulator ridership (solved by semi-independent loops); multimodal transit hubs at the edges of the PRT alignment; PRT alignment style choices; and the need for folding grocery carts and other solutions when the car is left at home.
Organic Tandem and Multi‐Junction Solar Cells
Authors: Hadipour A. , de Boer B. , Blom P. W. M.
Published: January 2008

The emerging field of stacked layers (double‐ and even multi‐layers) in organic photovoltaic cells is reviewed. Owing to the limited absorption width of organic molecules and polymers, only a small fraction of the solar flux can be harvested by a single‐layer bulk heterojunction photovoltaic cell. Furthermore, the low charge‐carrier mobilities of most organic materials limit the thickness of the active layer. Consequently, only part of the intensity of the incident light at the absorption maximum is absorbed. A tandem or multi‐junction solar cell, consisting of multiple layers each with their specific absorption maximum and width, can overcome these limitations and can cover a larger part of the solar flux. In addition, tandem or multi‐junction solar cells offer the distinct advantage that photon energy is used more efficiently, because the voltage at which charges are collected in each sub‐cell is closer to the energy of the photons absorbed in that cell. Recent developments in both small‐molecule and polymeric photovoltaic cells are discussed, and examples of photovoltaic architectures, geometries, and materials combinations that result in tandem and multi‐junction solar cells are presented.
Retailers' response to wholesale price changes: new evidence from scanner‐based quantity‐weighted beef prices
Authors: Rojas Christian , Andino Alexandra , Purcell Wayne D.
Published: January 2008

Retailers are often criticized for a slow response in retail prices to changes in wholesale beef prices. The unresponsiveness, especially when wholesale and farm prices are declining, is seen as a lack of competitiveness and as a reason for congressional action to regulate behavior of processors or retailers. The validity of the historical analyses of retailer price responsiveness is questionable, however. Traditional Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) retail beef prices biased upward and do not account for large volumes sold at discounted prices. This article uses newly available scanner‐based quantity‐weighted retail prices to suggest that retailers' response to changes in wholesale beef prices is significantly larger and possibly quicker than is shown by traditional BLS measures of retail prices. Recent efforts to prompt legislation to regulate how firms behave along the beef supply chain, which are based only on arguments that retailers are not responding to price changes at the wholesale level, may be inappropriate. [L110, L660, D400] © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Asymmetric price transmission in the greek agri‐food sector: some tests
Authors: Reziti Ioanna , Panagopoulos Yannis
Published: January 2008

This article employs a general‐to‐specific approach to analyze the price transmission mechanism between producers and consumers in the Greek agri‐food sector. More specifically, the markets examined are vegetables, fruits and the whole food. Using cointegration techniques, two alternative dynamic models are estimated: an error correction model (ECM) and a LSE‐Hendry general‐to‐specific model (GETS). The results indicate the existence of a long‐run Granger–causality relationship running from producers to consumers in the vegetables market, while the opposite applies for food and fruits. In addition, asymmetric price transmission appears to apply for food and vegetables, but not for the fruit case. Both models agree upon the asymmetric nature of food and the symmetric nature of fruits but disagree for the case of vegetables. [JEL Classification: Q110, Q130] © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma presenting as an endobronchial tumor: Report of eight cases and literature review
Authors: Solomonov Anna , Zuckerman Tsila , Goralnik Ludmila , Ben‐Arieh Yehudit , Rowe Jacob M. , Yigla Mordechai
Published: January 2008

Non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) involving the endobronchial tree is uncommon, and the initial presentation of NHL as an endobronchial tumor is extremely rare. In a series of 441 patients with newly diagnosed non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma over a 7‐year period, we reviewed the clinical features of eight patients who presented with an endobronchial tumor. All patients had local pulmonary disease without extrathoracic involvement. The major presenting symptoms were dyspnea, chest pain, cough, and hoarseness. None of the patients had systemic symptoms. Radiographs revealed lobar collapse in all cases. Five patients had mediastinal masses and three had isolated endobronchial lesions. Although MALT lymphoma is the most common primary pulmonary lymphoma, it was present in only one of our patients, while seven patients had aggressive lymphoma. All patients received chemotherapy. Six of the eight patients responded favorably to treatment with complete remission. The prognosis of patients with isolated endobronchial lymphoma is not worse than other local presentations of lymphoma. Bronchoscopic examination with biopsy is essential to differentiate these lesions from primary bronchongenic carcinoma. Am. J. Hematol., 2008. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The effects of a two‐hour judo training session on the neutrophil immune functions in university judoists
Authors: Umeda Takashi , Yamai Kiyonori , Takahashi Ippei , Kojima Arata , Yamamoto Yousuke , Tanabe Masaru , Totsuka Manabu , Nakaji Shigeyuki , Sugawara Norio , Matsuzaka Masashi
Published: January 2008

The present study examined the effects of judo training on neutrophil and related functions. We measured and studied changes in the neutrophil and its related functions in 22 male university judoists immediately before (Pre values) and immediately after (Post values) a 2 h training session: reactive oxygen species (ROS) production capability, phagocytic activities (PA) and serum opsonic activity (SOA). Neutrophil count in whole blood, myogenic enzymes (creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase), immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA and IgM) and complements (C3 and C4) in serum were also measured. The Post values of the neutrophil count, myogenic enzymes and IgG increased significantly compared with the Pre values. ROS production capability and SOA also significantly increased following training, although PA showed a slight decrease (but not statistically significant). Taking the findings of our previous studies into consideration, three major neutrophil or related functions, namely ROS production capability, PA and SOA, might compensate for each other to maintain the overall integrity of the neutrophil immune function, in that ROS and SOA increased to compensate for the slight decrease in PA, or PA slightly decreased to compensate for the increase in ROA and SOA after exercise. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Growth and electrical characterization of L‐arginine added KDP and ADP single crystals
Authors: Meena M. , Mahadevan C. K.
Published: January 2008

Potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP) and ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (ADP) single crystals added with L‐arginine have been grown by the solution methods. DC and AC electrical measurements were carried out at various temperatures along both a‐ and c‐ directions. Results indicate an increase of the electrical parameters with the increase of temperature which can be attributed mainly to the increase of thermally generated hydrogen bond vacancies (L. defects). Also, the present study indicates that L‐arginine addition leads to reduction of electrical parameters of KDP and ADP single crystals which can be attributed mainly to the decrease of L‐defects due to creation of additional hydrogen bonds by the impurity in random directions. (© 2008 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
The Use of 2,1,3‐Benzoselenadiazole as an Auxiliary Ligand for the Construction of New 2D Silver(I)/Benzene‐ or Cyclohexane‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylate Honeycomb Networks
Authors: Tan Cheng‐Kang , Wang Jing , Leng Ji‐Dong , Zheng Ling‐Ling , Tong Ming‐Liang
Published: January 2008

The reaction of freshly synthesized [Ag(NH3)2](OH), 2,1,3‐benzoselenadiazole (bsd) and benzene‐ or cyclohexane‐1,3,5‐tricarboxylic acid (H3btc/H3ctc) results in two new coordination polymers containing 2D Ag3(btc) and Ag3(ctc) hexagonal motifs, namely [Ag3(btc)(bsd)6]·0.5H2O (1) and [Ag3(ctc)(bsd)3]·1.5bsd·3.5H2O (2). Complex 1 is a 3D supramolecular framework extended by deformed 2D Ag3(btc) honeycomb nets via Se···N synthons formed between the dangling monodentate bsd groups, whereas 2 is a 3D metal–organic framework of nanoscale cages made up from ideal Ag3(ctc) honeycomb layers and μ2‐bridging bsd ligands.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Cross‐Coupling–Elimination Reactions Mediated or Catalyzed by Zirconium Complexes: A Valuable Tool in Organic Synthesis
Authors: Fañanás Francisco J. , Rodríguez Félix
Published: January 2008

The tandem zirconocene‐mediated or ‐catalyzed cross‐coupling–elimination reaction provides an efficient and versatile procedure for the construction of scaffolds that in many cases are difficult to access by traditional organic chemistry. In general, this process supposes the reaction of two unsaturated molecules. One of them is coordinated to the zirconocene and the other one contains a heteroatom at an appropriate position for the subsequent elimination process. In this Microreview we discuss the concept of this useful approach focussing on the reactivity of alkyne‐, aryne‐, alkene‐ and iminezirconocene complexes towards alkenes containing a heteroatom functionality at the allylic or vinylic position. Some examples of heteroatom‐substituted alkynes are also covered. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2008)
Neuropsychiatric symptoms in the community‐based patients with mild cognitive impairment and the influence of demographic factors
Authors: Muangpaisan W. , Intalapaporn S. , Assantachai P.
Published: January 2008

Objective

To investigate the pattern of neuropsychiatric symptoms of MCI patients in the Thai population and the influence of demographic factors on the symptoms.

Methods

One hundred and seven participants aged 50 and over diagnosed with MCI (n = 77) and normal (n = 30) were recruited from a community‐based unit. The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) was used to assess behavioral disturbances in the subjects.

Results

Compared to normal subjects, MCI patients had higher incidence of anxiety (53% vs 27%, p = 0.013), dysphoria (46% vs 17%, p = 0.006), and sleep problem (45% vs 23%, p = 0.035). Although marginally significant, apathy was more common in MCI patients (12% vs 0%, p = 0.059). The mean total NPI score and NPI distress score were higher in the MCI group (6.8 vs 1.9, p < 0.0005 and 2.9 vs 0.6, p = 0.01, respectively). The MCI patients aged over 65 had higher incidence of hallucinations (18.9% vs 0%, p = 0.018). Males and patients of poor financial status had higher percentage of dysphoria compared to female and patients with better financial status (65% vs 38.5%, p = 0.041 and 75% vs 37.9%, p = 0.008, respectively). Patients with poor financial status also had higher percentage of anxiety (81.3% vs 44.5%, p = 0.01).

Conclusions

MCI is associated with significant neuropsychiatric symptoms which caused caregiver distress. In this study, the pattern of neuropsychiatric symptoms in a Thai MCI population was similar to those reported in western countries. Age, sex, educational level and financial status influenced the neuropsychiatric symptoms of MCI patients. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Education plays a different role in Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Borroni Barbara , Alberici Antonella , Agosti Chiara , Premi Enrico , Padovani Alessandro
Published: January 2008

Background

The role of modifiable and non‐modifiable variables in Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD) as compared to Alzheimer's dDisease (AD) and to Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP) or Corticobasal Degeneration Syndrome (CBDS) has not been extensively evaluated. In particular, low education levels have been reported to be a risk factor for AD, but their contribution in FTD is yet not known.

Objective

To investigate the role of education, other modifiable and non‐modifiable factors in FTD as compared to AD, PSP and CBDS patients.

Methods

One hundred and seventeen FTD patients, 400 AD, 55 PSP, and 55 CBDS entered the study. Demographic and clinical characteristics were carefully recorded. Age, gender, family history for dementia and Apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype were considered as non‐modifiable factors; education and comorbidities were included as modifiable variables. Regression analyses were applied in order to identify differences among groups.

Results

FTD differed from AD patients in terms of younger age, positive family history and gender status. In regard to APOE genotype, no differences between FTD and AD were found, but FTD showed higher prevalence of epsilon 4 allele compared to both CBDS and PSP patients (p < 0.05). When modifiable factors were considered, FTD were higher educated than AD patients (p < 0.001). Regression analysis identified younger age, positive family history, and education levels as independently associated variables to FTD diagnosis compared to AD (F = 21.27, R2 = 24.1, p = 0.036).

Conclusion

Our results highlight that the contribution of education and non‐modifiable factors is likely different in FTD and AD. Further work is needed to completely establish the role of this modifiable variable as a potential area of intervention for dementias. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synthesis of new carbon‐11‐labeled 7‐aroyl‐aminoindoline‐1‐sulfonamides as potential PET agents for imaging of tubulin polymerization in cancers
Authors: Wang Min , Gao Mingzhang , Miller Kathy D. , Sledge George W. , Hutchins Gary D. , Zheng Qi‐Huang
Published: January 2008

The tubulin polymerization is an attractive target for anticancer therapy and in the development of cancer imaging agents for use in biomedical imaging technique positron emission tomography (PET). 7‐Aroyl‐aminoindoline‐1‐sulfonamides are a novel class of potent antitublin agents. Carbon‐11‐labeled 7‐aroyl‐aminoindoline‐1‐sulfonamides have been synthesized as new potential PET agents for imaging of tubulin polymerization in cancers. The target tracers were prepared by O‐[11C]methylation of their corresponding precursors using [11C]CH3OTf and isolated by a simplified solid‐phase extraction purification procedure in 40–55% radiochemical yields based on [11C]CO2 and decay corrected to the end of bombardment (EOB), 15–20 min overall synthesis time from EOB, >98% radiochemical purity, and 74–111 GBq/µmol specific activity at the end of synthesis. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Possible mechanisms of controlling the configuration, stability, and lipophilicity of [99mTcO]N3S and [ReO]N3S chelates
Authors: Su Zifen , Xu Yong
Published: January 2008

The relationship of structural characters of the tripeptidic amine–bisamido‐thiol (N3S type) chelators with the lipophilicity, configuration, and stability of four [99mTcO]N3S and one [ReO]N3S chelates is studied here. The results show that the hydroxymethyl group on the two N3S chelators, RP294 and RP435, has inhibited neither the formation nor interconversion of syn and anti stereoisomers of the chelates, while the tert‐butyl group on RP455 and RP535 has prevented the anti isomer from converting to the syn one both in acidic and neutral solutions. The interconversion rates of a stereoisomer can be accelerated at higher pH. [99mTcO]RP455 is stable in pH 7.4 aqueous solution, while [99mTcO]RP535 undergoes decomposition at the same medium, suggesting the influence of a larger side‐chain on the stability of the chelate. Unlike [99mTcO]RP535, [ReO]RP535 is stable even in 0.1 N NaOH for 3 h without change. Combining factors of medium pH values, nature of substituents on a chelator's backbone, size of side‐chains, and property of central metal ions together determine the lipophilicity, configuration, and stability of [99mTcO]N3S and [ReO]N3S chelates. This information may be useful for a further design of [99mTcO]N3S or [186ReO]N3S or [188ReO]N3S chelates with predictable physicochemical properties favorable for the quality diagnosis of cancers. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.