bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
O que é, afinal, conhecimento cumulativo?
Authors: Oliveira Amélia de Jesus
Published: January 2019

Depois dos anos 60, e especialmente depois da repercussão da obra kunhiana, tornou-se comum a distinção entre o ponto de vista continuísta e o descontinuísta na avaliação do desenvolvimento científico. Kuhn passou a ser visto como o grande descontinuísta ao lado de Koyré e Butterfield e foi considerado o causador de uma grande mudança no modo de se conceber o desenvolvimento da ciência. Em diversas abordagens, a noção de continuidade tem sido, muito frequentemente, equiparada à acumulação, que implica necessariamente a negação da existência de revoluções científicas. Neste trabalho, buscamos mostrar que o emprego dos adjetivos “cumulativista” ou “continuísta” em oposição ao termo “descontinuísta” pode tanto suscitar interpretações equivocadas de visões históricas quanto estabelecer aproximações entre visões bastante distintas. Isso parece claro quando se analisa, por exemplo, as concepções de Sarton, Conant e Kuhn sobre a acumulação, tarefa a que nos propomos. A análise propicia considerações sobre os papeis desses pensadores na história da ciência.
Did the medieval philosophers admit the identity principle as prior to the principle of non-contradiction?
Authors: Schmidt Ana Rieger
Published: January 2019

The present article deals with the not very common opinion among medieval philosophers according to which the identity principle (ens est ens) is the true first principle, undermining the primacy of the principle of non-contradiction. Following a refutation of this position in the logical work of the Franciscan Geraldus Odonis, we intend to investigate its target as well as other cases of the same dispute in 14th century authors: Antoine Andre, John of Buridan, John of Baconthorpe and Nicolas of Autrecourt. We defend that Odonis presents a successful response to this position.
Neurociência e mística: Existe uma possibilidade para pensar Deus?
Authors: Marques Lúcio Alvaro
Published: January 2019

O artigo apresenta brevemente as principais teses referentes à relação mente e cérebro no contexto dos emergentismos forte e fraco. Especificam-se ainda as principais consequências da discussão de uma possível neuroteologia para a compreensão dos processos de hominização, liberdade, limites do conhecimento cerebral e conhecimento do cérebro, relação entre mente-cérebro-mundo e “necessidade” do mistério gerada pela dinâmica cerebral.
Equilíbrio Reflexivo, Intuições Morais e a Busca por Coerência
Authors: Andreazza Tiaraju Molina
Published: January 2019

Como devemos conduzir nossas investigações morais para decidir no que acreditar sobre questões morais? Como a plausibilidade de juízos, teorias e princípios morais deve ser avaliada? Como devemos tentar remover nossas dúvidas quando estamos incertos sobre o que é certo ou errado, bom ou mau, justo ou injusto? O método do equilíbrio reflexivo, desenvolvido por John Rawls em A Theory of Justice (1971) e desde então adotado por um crescente número de filósofos, é uma tentativa de responder a questões como essas. O equilíbrio reflexivo pode ser (e de fato foi) interpretado de vários modos, muitos dos quais completamente incompatíveis entre si, mas as duas visões mais representativas do método são os modelos coerentista e intuicionista. Neste artigo o meu objetivo é argumentar que nós deveríamos entender o equilíbrio reflexivo como um método intuicionista de investigação moral. Assim, eu comparo essas duas visões, como elas diferem no modo como concebem o funcionamento e os objetivos do método, para defender que a tradição coerentista de interpretação do método reduz a investigação moral a uma mera busca por coerência, com isso ignorando a função metodológica (e epistemológica) que intuições morais desempenham em nossas reflexões morais. Em contraste, a interpretação intuicionista oferece um modelo de investigação que integra intuição morais com a busca por coerência, explicando por que e como esses dois elementos funcionam em conjunto em nossas reflexões morais. A minha alegação é a de que apenas quando o equilíbrio reflexivo é interpretado de acordo com esse modelo intuicionista que ele pode ser visto em uso na prática reflexiva de filósofos morais reconhecidamente competentes, como John Rawls, Judith Jarvis Thomson e Peter Singer.
Impulsividad y agresividad en cadetes de policía
Authors: Garcia Horacio Daniel
Published: January 2019

El objetivo principal fue indagar los niveles de agresividad e impulsividad en Cadetes de Policía de San Luis, Argentina. La muestra fue intencional, no probabilística, conformada por 58 alumnos (39 varones y 19 mujeres) que cursan el segundo y tercer año de un instituto de formación. Fueron administrados dos instrumentos: Cuestionario de Agresividad (AQ) (Andreu-Rodríguez, Peña-Fernández & Graña-Gómez, 2002) y la Escala de Impulsividad de Barratt (BIS-11) (Oquendo et al., 2001). Las principales conclusiones evidencian niveles elevados de agresión física e impulsividad cognitiva. Las mujeres mostraron puntuaciones elevadas en la subescala hostilidad, mientras que los hombres mayores niveles de agresión física; los alumnos del último año de formación exhibieron niveles elevados de impulsividad motora, agresión verbal e ira. Finalmente, se corroboraron asociaciones positivas entre las variables de impulsividad y agresividad.
Implementation Strategy of Labor and Prevention Planning Program in Tabanan District
Authors: Suriyati Ni Putu , Widnyana I Ketut , Sukerta I Made
Published: January 2019

The Maternal Mortality Rate (MMR) is an indicator of the success of development in the health sector, it is stated in the third goal which one of the indicators for the third goal is to reduce maternal mortality. Based on Indonesia's demographic health survey (IDHS, 2012), the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is 359 per 100,000 live births (BPS, 2012). Thus the need for hard work to achieve the SDGs goal is 70 per 100,000 live births (Ministry of Health, 2015). Of the 9 Kabupatens / Cities in Bali Province, Tabanan has the highest maternal mortality rate from the other districts. This study aims to determine the implementation of P4K in Tabanan district, to find out what factors influence the implementation of P4K in Tabanan Regency and how the strategies in implementing P4K in Tabanan Regency. The research locations are Pusuan I Health Center, Pupuan II Health Center, Marga II Health Center and Tabanan III Health Center. Data collection techniques in this study were in-depth interviews, document studies, and Focus Group Discussion (FGD). Then the data were analyzed by qualitative descriptive analysis, and SWOT analysis. According to the results obtained, the implementation of P4K in Tabanan district entered the sufficient category of 4 implementation variables according to George Edward III, communication variables and attitudinal and commitment variables of program implementers included in the category enough while the availability variables included in the good category, and bureaucratic structure variables entering into a very good category. The results of internal factor evaluation (IFE) and external factor evaluation (EFE) matrix analysis are in quadrant II which proves that an agency is strong but faces a big threat so that the ST strategy is suitable to be applied by using force to deal with threats.
Challenges of Artisanal Fishing and Livelihood in Geidam Local Government Area, Yobe State, Nigeria.
Authors: I. Hussaini , Gadaka Y. M. , Ishaku A. H , Gadzama U.  S. , A. K Lewami. , Usman A.
Published: January 2019

Fishing is one of the major economic activities and livelihood among communities. This marketing is attracting people on daily basis due to numerous benefits attached to it. This research examines the challenges affecting the artisans in the fishing business at Geidam local government area, Yobe state. Questionnaires were distributed to 100 artisans in the fishing business at the study area, 76 men and 24 women. Simple percentage was used to analyze the data collected from the respondents. Findings revealed that the major challenges affecting the artisans include: thefts, road accident, tree storms, lack of modern storage facilities, and lack of capital. Government should therefore support the artisans in terms of modern storage facilities such as cold room at subsidized rate, also, deploy professional fishery officers to help and improve sustainable fishing practice in the study area. The officers could educate the fishermen about hygienic and effective practices, give training on issue of illicit use of gears, and educate the communities about the nutritional benefits on fish products.
Osseous Remodeling Around Dental Implants
Authors: Flanagan Dennis
Published: January 2019

Adequate bone remodeling may be a primary parameter for long-term successful complication-free dental implant treatment. A 1.8-mm osseous thickness around dental implants is thought to be the minimum thickness for adequate vasculature for osteocyte nutrition and function. A dental implant does not provide progenitor cells or angiogenic or osteogenic factors. Thus, the surrounding bone may need to have a 1.8-mm thickness to accommodate the vasculature necessary for nutrients for appropriate remodeling. Additionally, the 1.8-mm dimension may provide for mechanical load resistance. There is no evidence to illustrate the physiologic need for the 1.8-mm dimension. This dimension requirement is based on clinical outcome observations. Basic science research for bone survival around dental implants is needed.
Golimumab for Treating Chronic Inflammatory Joint Diseases in the Adult Population: Clinical Efficacy and Tolerability
Authors: Chichasova Natal’ya N.
Published: January 2019

Due to the recent introduction of golimumab into paediatric rheumatology practice, an overview of the clinical studies of this tumour necrosis factor alpha inhibitor, most of which were conducted with adult patients with rheumatic diseases, has been presented. Clinical laboratory effects and tolerability of golimumab in the form of subcutaneous injections have been analysed for rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and spondylitis. Evaluation of the efficacy and tolerability of golimumab in long-term observational studies (up to 5 years) has been discussed.
Extraneural Metastasis of Ependymoma in Children: A Clinical Case
Authors: Olkhova Liudmila V. , Zheludkova Olga G. , Popov Vladimir E. , Kislyakov Alexey N. , Basalay Timur M. , Gorbatyh Svetlana V. , Skobeev Dmitry A. , Zelinskaya Natalya I.
Published: January 2019

Background. Ependymomas are a group of glial tumours, usually occurring in the posterior cranial fossa, less often — in the lateral ventricles and spinal cord. Most often, the recurrence of ependymomas occurs in primary sites, or in the central nervous system (CNS). Ependymoma metastasis beyond the craniospinal system occurs rarely if ever.Description of a Clinical Case. A clinical example of extraneural metastasis to the bones and bone marrow in a 10-year-old patient with supratentorial anaplastic ependymoma after complex therapy has been presented. A review of published cases of the development of extraneural ependymoma metastasis in children has been presented. An attempt was made to consider possible risk factors for their development. Conclusion. Ependymal tumours are capable of extraneural metastasis to the bone and hematopoietic systems. Continued growth and metastasis lead to extremely unfavourable prognosis for the disease.
Vasileios Marinis, Death and the Afterlife in Byzantium: The Fate of the Soul in Theology, Liturgy, and Art
Authors: Awes Freeman Jennifer
Published: January 2019

Please click the PDF button to access the full review.
Maurice Elliott and Patrick McGlinchey, eds., Perspectives on Preaching: A Witness of the Irish Church
Authors: Knowles Michael P.
Published: January 2019

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Marianne Gaarden, The Third Room of Preaching: The Sermon, the Listener, and the Creation of Meaning
Authors: Ottoni-Wilhelm Dawn
Published: January 2019

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David Schnasa Jacobsen, ed., Theologies of the Gospel in Context: The Crux of Homiletical Theology
Authors: Lee Mason
Published: January 2019

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John S. McClure, Speaking Together and with God: Liturgy and Communicative Ethics
Authors: Lee Duse
Published: January 2019

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Adam Hearlson, The Holy No: Worship as a Subversive Act
Authors: Spurrier Rebecca F.
Published: January 2019

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Christopher James, Church Planting in Post-Christian Soil: Theology and Practice
Authors: Cowan Nelson
Published: January 2019

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Richard W. Voelz, Tending the Tree of Life: Preaching and Worship through Reproductive Loss and Adoption
Authors: Williams Catherine E.
Published: January 2019

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The effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in heart recipients: a single center experience
Authors: Shevchenko А. О. , Faradzhov R. A. , Izotov D. A. , Koloskova N. N. , Nikitina Е. A. , Gichkun O. E. , Orlov V. I. , Tunyaeva I. Yu. , Mironkov B. L.
Published: January 2019

Aim.To study the effect of ACE inhibitors (ACEI) in heart recipients on the prognosis and myocardial remodeling.

Materials and methods.Three hundred and eighty-six patients who received orthotopic heart transplantation (HT) were consequently enrolled to the study from February 2009 to November 2016.

Results.Thirty days after the HT, ACEIs were assigned to 141 recipients. Arterial hypertension was diagnosed in all cardiac recipients who received ACEI and among 48 patients (19.5%) from non-ACEI group. Patients receiving ACEI had significantly better event-free survival than control group (p = 0.045) during the follow-up for 1361,6 ± 36,9 days. Left ventricle (LV) end-diastolic dimension did not change over the time in both groups, whereas LV posterior wall thickness in non-ACEI group significantly increased from 1.35 ± 0.03 cm to 1,23 ± 0.05 cm (p < 0.05).

Conclusion.Cardiac recipients who received ACE inhibitors had better survival and less transplant left ventricle progression, that could reflect beneficial effects of renin-aldosterone-angiotensin system inhibition after heart transplantation.
Diagnostic effectiveness of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) at adjustment of tacrolimus individual dose in pediatric liver recipients
Authors: Kurabekova R. M. , Tsiroulnikova O. M. , Gichkun O. E. , Pashkova I. E. , Olefirenko G. A. , Shevchenko O. P.
Published: January 2019

Blood level of transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) is associated with liver function and immune homeostasis, which suggests it as a potential biomarker for immunosuppressant tacrolimus dose requirement at liver transplantation (LT).

Aim.To evaluate diagnostic efficacy of TGF-β1 blood level at determination of individual tacrolimus dose requirement in children at LT.

Materials and methods.89 children with end stage liver disease aged from 3 to 73 months were examined. Children underwent living related LT, then the recipients received 2–3 component immunosuppressive therapy, including tacrolimus. Blood concentration of tacrolimus and TGF-β1 was measured by ELISA.

Results.TGF-β1 blood level in children before LT was significantly lower than in healthy children: 3.7 (1.3–8.4) and 19.3 (12.6–25.5) ng/ml, p = 0.001. A month after LT, its concentration increased to 8.1 (1.8–15.3) ng/ml (p = 0.02). A year after LT, the cytokine level remained higher than before transplantation: 6.6 (1.9–12.6) ng/ml, p = 0.01. TGF-β1 level did not correlate with tacrolimus blood concentration, determined 12 hours after the last administration of the drug, neither a month, nor a year after transplantation. At the same time, the cytokine level one month after LT was associated with a tacrolimus daily dose one year after the operation (r = –0.23, p = 0.04). In the recipients, who received smaller daily doses (0.4–2.5 mg) of tacrolimus, TGF-β1 level was higher than in those receiving large doses (3.0–6.0 mg) of the drug: 9.1 (2.6–16.2) ng/ml vs. 4.2 (1.3–9.2) ng/ ml, p = 0.04. Evaluation of diagnostic efficacy of the TGF-β1 level as a test for the detection of tacrolimus dose requirement showed that the area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.66 ± 0.07; 95% CI [0.53–0.79], the sensitivity and specificity of the test were 60 and 74% at threshold value 6.7 ng/ml. Relative risk of higher tacrolimus dose requirement was 3.14 ± 0.48; 95% CI [1.24–7.96].

Conclusion.TGF-β1 blood level in one month after LT less than 6.7 ng/ml is 3 times higher risk factor of tacrolimus dose requirement more than 3.0 mg per day. The likehood of the test is 66%, the sensitivity and specificity – 60 and 74%.
The creation and maintenance of vascular access for chronic hemodialysis in the Moscow region: a five-year experience of a regional center
Authors: Vatazin A. V. , Zulkarnaev A. B. , Fominykh N. M. , Kardanakhishvili Z. B. , Strugailo E. V.
Published: January 2019

Aim:to analyze the results of the regional center for the creation and maintenance of vascular access for hemodialysis.

Materials and methods.We performed a retrospective analysis. In five years (2012–2016) we performed 3,837 different operations on vascular access (VA) in 1,862 patients.

Results.There is a strong dependence of type VA and the cause of CKD 5D. At the time of the HD start, the proportion of arteriovenous fistula (AVF), synthetic vascular graft (SVG) and central venous catheter (CVC) was 73.7, 0.3 and 26% for glomerulonephritis; 58.4, 0.4 and 41% for pyelonephritis; 53, 1 and 26% for diabetes mellitus; 32, 8 and 60% for polycystic disease and 33, 2 and 65% for systemic processes, respectively. After one year on HD the shares of AVF, SVG and CVC were 89, 2 and 9% for glomerulonephritis; 76, 6 and 18% of pyelonephritis; 70, 5 and 25% for diabetes mellitus; 68, 10 and 22% for polycystic disease and 53, 5 and 42% for systemic processes, respectively. In a case of start of HD via AVF, five years survival was 61% [95% CI 51.8; 71.9]; in a case of start HD via CVC with followed by conversion to AVF – 53.9% [95% CI 42.5; 67]; in a case of CVC remained the only access – 31.6% [21.4; 41.4]. Non-maturation of AVF was observed in 5.9% of new AVF (the risk increased in a case of diabetes mellitus), early thrombosis (before the first use of AVF) was observed in 12.7% of new AVF (the risk increased with diabetes, polycystic and systemic diseases). Creation of AVF a week before the start of HD or 1–2 weeks later significantly increased the risk of thrombosis. Primary patency in a year, three and five years was 77.2% (95% CI 71.7; 81.7); 48% (95% CI 41.6, 54.1); 34.1% (95% CI 27.8, 40.5) respectively; secondary patency – 87% [95% CI 83.7; 89.7]; 74.4% [95% CI 70.3; 78,12]; 60.9% [95% CI 56.4; 65.1] respectively. The use of temporary CVC is associated with a three-fold increase of the risk of infection compared with permanent CVC: IRR 3,31 (2,46; 4,43), p < 0,0001.

Conclusion.A more detailed analysis is required to identify risk factors for complications of vascular access and to optimize approaches to its creation and maintenance.
A technique for separating viable islets of Langerhans from a fragment of human pancreatic tail
Authors: Ponomareva A. S. , Kirsanova L. A. , Baranova N. V. , Bubentsova G. N. , Miloserdov I. A. , Volkova E. A. , Sevastyanov V. I.
Published: January 2019

Introduction.Modern techniques of tissue engineering in the treatment of some degenerative diseases suggest the prospective viability of the biomedical technologies based on the creation of the equivalent of the damaged tissue (organ), including the tissue-engineered construct (TEC) of the endocrine pancreas (EP). Obtaining viable islets of Langerhans (IL) from the pancreas is a decisive step towards the creation of a TEC EP. The classic method of IL separation is based on enzymatic digestion of pancreatic tissue and further islet purification in ficoll density gradient during centrifugation, which adversely affects the morphofunctional state of IL.

The aimof the study was the development of a method for separating viable pancreatic islets from a fragment of human pancreatic tail with different cold ischemia times.

Materials and methods.A procedure of IL separation is proposed to be conducted without the use of EP tissue collagenase perfusion in the Ricordi chamber at the stage of IL separation and without ficoll solution with a varying density gradient at the stage of IL purification. Identification of IL obtained was performed by dithizone staining. The IL viability was evaluated using the LIVE/DEAD ® Cell Viability Kit. Histological analysis of the initial material included routine staining methods as well as immunohistochemical staining of the main types of islet cells.

Results.The morphological study of the EP fragments at different times of cold ischemia did not reveal significant differences in the histological presentation of the organ parenchyma; the islet structure appeared intact. Vital staining confirmed the separated IL viability in vitro for at least 1–3 days.

Conclusion.The proposed method of pancreatic tissue treatment allowed to reduce the number of stages, thereby minimizing the adverse effects of centrifugation and ficoll on the integrity of IL. It is possible to obtain the necessary amount of viable IL from a small EP fragment with the cold ischemia time of up to 19 hours, which can be used to create a TEC of a pancreas.
Heart transplantation waiting list of V.I. Shumakov National Medical Research Center of Transplantology and Artificial Organs. Trends from 2010 to 2017
Authors: Gautier S. V. , Poptsov V. N. , Koloskova N. N. , Zakharevich V. M. , Shevchenko A. О. , Muminov I. I. , Nikitina E. A. , Kvan V. S. , Halilulin T. A. , Zakiryanov А. R. , Golts А. М.
Published: January 2019

The aim:to analyze the waiting list for heart transplantation from 2010 to 2017 and to characterize recipients with chronic heart failure III–IV NYHA Class.

Methods.The study comprised 997 patients (139 [14%] females and 858 [86%] males) included in the waiting list for heart transplantation the period from January 2010 to December 2017. The average age of patients on the waiting list was 49.0 ± 12.0 (from 10 to 78 years). Before making a decision on inclusion in the waiting list, all patients underwent clinical and instrumental examination, including general clinical studies, echocardiography, measurement of central hemodynamic parameters using a Swan–Gans catheter, computer and/or magnetic resonance imaging of the chest, abdominal and brain.

Results.Heart transplantation was performed on 728 patients (99 females – 13.6% and 629 males – 86.4%) including 18 children aged 12 to 17 years (14.18 ± 2.07 years). Mortality in the waiting list in 2010 was 16.1%, compared with 3.2% in 2017.
SOCIOECONOMIC FACTORS INFLUENCING MARKET PARTICIPATION OF HORTICULTURAL SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN THE ALFRED NZO DISTRICT, EASTERN CAPE, SOUTH AFRICA
Authors: Maponya Phokele , Kekana Versity , Senyolo Grany M , Venter Sonja L.
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to identify the socioeco- nomic factors influencing market participation of horticultural smallholder farmers in the Alfred Nzo district. Cross-sectional data was collected by the Agricultural Research Council and the Department of Rural Development and Land Reform in Janu- ary 2014 from 48 horticultural smallholder farmers in Alfred Nzo district using a structured questionnaire. Binomial logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that market participation was influenced by access to market information, type of road and availability of transport to market. The empirical results will be useful for horticulture farmers, marketers and policy makers in developing efficient production and marketing strategies. The government and pri- vate sector should establish a model specific to the actual needs of smallholder farmers of the Alfred Nzo district, which should include improvement of roads to farming sites and a well- coordinated and efficient transporting system which must be designed specifically for smallholder farmers in the district.
LOCAL FOOD SYSTEMS, SHORT SUPPLY CHAINS AND PERCEPTION OF LOCAL FOOD BY CONSUMERS: A REVIEW AND QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Authors: Radzymińska Monika , Jakubowska Dominika
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper was to depict a concept of local food systems and short supply chains as well as to determine how local food is perceived and to identify local food attributes of relevance for the marketing communication targeted at young people. This paper consists of two parts. The first one presents the concepts of local food systems and short supply chains based on the analysis of literature data. The sec- ond part describes the results of a quantitative study on the young consumers’ perception of and willingness to buy local food. Based on an indirect technique, the study was carried out with a group of 155 Polish students. The questionnaire survey demonstrated that when characterizing local food, young consumers invoked the socioeconomic benefits relat- ed to its production. They paid less attention to the specific attributes of food products and to environmental benefits of their production and distribution, which might suggest that the initiatives undertaken to promote those products were poor- ly effective. The research results provide a useful source of knowledge for small local food businesses and policymakers engaged in supporting local food systems (especially public sector bodies and researchers).
CHANGES IN THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF POLISH AGRICULTURE AFTER THE ACCESSION TO THE EUROPEAN UNION
Authors: Kociszewski Karol
Published: January 2019

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the changes in environmental impact of Polish agriculture and to determine the conditions of this process during Poland’s membership in the European Union. This paper presents the results of surveys on changes in emission of pollutants and in other impacts of agricultural production on water, climate and biodiversity in 2003–2015. Based on statistical data and factual information, the author conducted a descriptive and comparative analysis of the processes in question. The study period witnessed a 50% increase in fertilization rates together with the related impact on greenhouse gas emission from ag- ricultural soils and a three-fold increase in the consumption of plant protection products (as well as the increased use external productive inputs). All of these developments were driven by direct payments from the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). The changes in environmental impacts of agriculture prove that after joining the EU, changes towards production inten- sification were accompanied by an increased direct pressure on water quality. Changes in livestock production emissions were not directly related to instruments under the first pillar of the CAP. The direct regulatory instruments for environ- mental protection failed to sufficiently mitigate the increase in the discharge of nitrates into water and in greenhouse gas emissions (2.4% in 2003–2015) and the harmful impacts on biodiversity.
ADAPTATION PROCESSES IN AGRICULTURE VS. MARKET REQUIREMENTS AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT PRINCIPLES
Authors: Ziętara Wojciech
Published: January 2019

This paper presents changes in the structure of the national economy in Poland, mainly in the post-war period, manifested through a dramatic decline in the share of agricul- ture in the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and employment and a decrease in household food expenses. However, this does not represent a decline in the importance of agriculture, which is the first link in the food economy. As a result of tech- nical and biological progress, the level of intensity of agricul- tural production and land productivity increased, which made it possible to satisfy food needs. Given that, attention started to be paid to other agricultural functions related to the protec- tion of the environment, including landscape. The economic objectives of farmers striving to further increase the level of production intensity and farm area (market and production scale) started competing with environmental protection ob- jectives. The purpose of this paper is to present agricultural production systems that differ in the degree of accounting for measures related to environmental protection. To this end, the following farming systems were evaluated: conventional, or- ganic, integrated and precision farming systems, taking into account the principles of the Common Agricultural Policy. The systems assume a holistic approach to the organization of farms and the commitment to circular economy. These expec- tations are met to the greatest extent by the organic farming system. However, this system will not dominate due to exist- ing limitations (in knowledge and markets). It is the integrated farming system that should prevail, as it makes it possible to the greatest extent to meet the farmers’ economic and social objectives while addressing the environmental protection ob- jectives. Also, the fulfillment of environmental objectives by farmers gives legitimacy to supporting their activities from the state budget.
Basit Perianal Fistül Tedavisinde Fistülotomi Yeterli midir?
Authors: ERŞEN Ogün , AKICI Murat , ÇELİK Girayhan
Published: January 2019

Amaç: Anal fistüller sık görülen
anorektal problemlerden olup cerrahi olarak tedavi edilebilen bir hastalıktır.
Buna rağmen nükslerde ciddi bir oranda görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada retrospektif
olarak basit perianal fistül nedeniyle opere edilmiş hastalarda nüks üzerine
etkili olan faktörleri incelemeyi amaçladık.

Gereç
ve Yöntem: Bu
çalışmada Afyon Sağlık Bilimleri Üniversitesinde Ocak 2008-Aralık 2017 arasında
basit perianal fistül tanısıyla fistülotomi uygulanan 269 hasta incelenmiştir.
Çalışmaya alınan olgular yaş, cinsiyet, hastanede yatış süresi, fistül
traktının uzunluğu, komplikasyon ve nüks görülme oranları yönünden  değerlendirilmiştir.

Bulgular: Olguların 59'u kadın (% 21,9),
210'u erkek (%78) olup, yaş ortalamaları 49,4 idi. Acil ve elektif olarak opere
edilen hastalarda nüks açısından anlamlı fark yoktu (p=0,594). Toplamda
28(%17,8) hastada nüks görüldü. Kadın ve erkek hastalarda nüks açısından
anlamlı fark gözlenmedi (p=0,584). Tüm hastalardaki ortalama fistül traktı
uzunluğu 1,8 cm olarak tespit edildi. Nüks olan hastalardaki fistül traktı
uzunluğu diğer hastalara oranla istatistiksel olarak anlamlı şekilde uzun
olduğu tespit edildi (p=0,042). Hastaların hastanede yatış yaptıkları gün
sayısı ortalama 1,3  gündü. 16(%5,9)
hastada postoperatif üriner inkontinans gözlendi. Toplamda 12(%4,4) hastada lokal
enfeksiyon tablosu tespit edildi. Taburculuk sonrası ortalama pansuman/küretaj
sayısının 3 olduğu görüldü. Hiçbir hastamızda fekal inkontinans görülmedi.
Ortalama takip zamanı 45,2 ay olarak saptandı.

Sonuç: Anal fistül cerrahi olarak
tedavi edilebilen ancak basit tiplerinde bile nükslerle seyredebilen bir
hastalıktır. Basit perianal fistüllerde fistülotomi seçilecek en iyi yöntemdir.
Ancak seçilen cerrahi yöntemin yanı sıra, ameliyat sonrası yara bakımı ve yakın
takibin hastalığın nüksü açısından seyri konusunda belirleyici olduğu
kanaatindeyiz.
BİR TIP FAKÜLTESİ 3. SINIF ÖĞRENCİLERİNİN SİGARA İLE İLGİLİ BİLGİ VE GÖRÜŞ DURUMLARI
Authors: AKSOY Fatih , KAYA Kaya , KIZILKAYA Zeynep Tuba , ÇOT Selin Nur , BATU Hamide Figen , HASOĞLU İşve , BICAK Gül
Published: January 2019

Giriş

Sigara
kullanımı, dünya çapında mortalite ve morbiditenin önlenmesinde en önemli
değiştirilebilir risk faktörüdür. İlerleyen yıllarda bir sağlık profesyoneli,
bir eğitimci ve bir araştırmacı olacak tıp öğrencileri ülkemiz ve gittikleri yerlerde
sigaranın bırakılması ve kontrol programlarının yürütülmesinde kilit konumda
olacaklardır. Çalışmamızda, tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin sigaraya başlama
nedenleri, zararlı etkileri hakkındaki ve bırakma hakkındaki düşünceleri
araştırılması amaçlanmıştır.

Gereç
ve yöntem

Çalışma
2018-2019 eğitim ve öğretim yılında tıp fakültesi öğrencilerinin sigara
kullanımı, sigara ile ilgili bilgi düzeylerini ve sigara kullanımını etkileyen
faktörleri belirlemek amacı ile tanımlayıcı ve kesitsel olarak planlanmıştır.

Bulgular

Çalışmaya
katılan 227 katılımcıların ortalama yaşları 20,7 ± 1,2 olarak saptanmıştır.
Sigara kullanım oranı ise % 21’ dir. Sigaraya düzenli olarak lise yıllarında
başlanıldığı, sigara ile temas yaşının ise ilköğretim öncesi dönem olduğu
görülmüştür. Katılımcıların büyük bölümünün sigaranın zararlı ve sigara bırakma
hakkında yeterli bilgiye sahip olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.

Sonuç

Tıp
fakültesi öğrencilerinin sigara ile ilgili bilgi ve becerilerini artırmak,
sigarasız bir toplum için önemlidir.
Türkiye’deki İşletmelerde Bilişim Sistemleri Uygulamaları Üzerine Bir Saha Araştırması
Authors: AYDINER Arafat Salih , TATOĞLU Ekrem
Published: January 2019

İşletmeler bilişim sistemlerini (BS) uzunca bir süre
sabit kaynaklar olarak değerlendirmiştir. Bu yaklaşım yakın zamanda değişerek
BS uygulamalarının değer yaratan bir ekosistem oluşturduğu sonucuna varılmıştır.
Genellikle araştırmalar işletmelerdeki BS uygulamalarının göreli kullanımları ile
performans değerlendirmesi arasındaki ilişki üzerine yapılmaktadır. Firmaya
özgü durumların - sahiplik örüntüsü, firma büyüklüğü, sektör, firma yaşı - ise
literatürde değişmeyen unsurlar olarak görüldüğünden yeteri kadar üzerinde durulmadığı
saptanmıştır. Bu yüzden, firmaya özgü bu olası durumlar temel unsurlar olarak
kabul edilerek, Türkiye’de çeşitli sektörlerde faaliyet gösteren 204 firma ile
saha araştırması yapılmıştır. Toplanan veriler t-testi ve ANOVA metodları ile
analiz edilerek BS uygulamalarının göreli kullanımı ile firmaya özgü durumlar
arasındaki etkileşim incelenmiştir. Araştırmamızın sonucunda, farklı BS
uygulamalarının göreli kullanımının firmaya özgü olası durumlarda değişim
gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Aynı zamanda çalışmamız, BS uygulamalarının
göreli kullanımı sonucunda oluşan firmaya özgü durumlardaki değişimin etkileri
hakkında çıkarımlar yapmamıza katkı sağlamaktadır.
Dynamic Expert System Design for the Prediction of Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder in Childhood
Authors: GÖKER Hanife , TEKEDERE Hakan
Published: January 2019

In
this study, for the first time, a Dynamic Expert System was developed to
predict attention deficit and hyperactivity impairment in childhood. In this
context, the decision-making process, which requires complex and experienced
field experts to diagnose the disease, has been transferred to the developed
expert system. The subject of the study was determined as prediction of
attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, which is one of the most common
psychiatric disorders of childhood. The developed Dynamic Expert System
consists of three basic parts, which are the knowledge base, the inference
mechanism and the description unit. Data clusters are recorded as attributes
and records in the knowledge base. While attributes are determined by field
experts, records are composed of clinical patient data received from the Gazi
Hospital, Department of Pediatric Mental Health and Diseases. Ensuring the
dynamic renewal of the rule base is the most important characteristic of the
study using the Naive Bayes Algorithm in the inference mechanism of the
developed system. In this way, when the system encounters a new situation that
is not previously encountered, it can take advantage of the existing rules and
guess which class the rule belongs to. With real data, the system has been
trained; and its performance was tested. As a result of this study, accuracy
was determined to be 88.62%; precision was determined to be 89.2%, recall was
determined to be 88.6%, f-measure was determined to be 88.6% and ROC area value
was determined to be 89.8%. It was observed that the performance of the system
was quite high compared to the model performance criteria.
A New Hybrid Model Based On Neuro Fuzzy Network Soft Switching Mechanism For System Identification
Authors: METE Selçuk , ZORLU Hasan , ÖZER Şaban
Published: January 2019

This
paper aims to improve a new hybrid model for system identification area. The
proposed hybrid model consists of an adaptive Hammerstein model, an adaptive
Wiener model, and a Neuro-Fuzzy (NF) network based soft-switching mechanism
(SSM). SSM structure in hybrid model increases the success of block model by
selecting the best results of Hammerstein and Wiener model outputs. In
literature, there are various studies about NF based on Hammerstein or Wiener
model types applied to system identification. In the proposed model,
Hammerstein and Wiener models with NF network are used together different from
the literature. In simulation studies, five different type of systems are identified
with different models (Hammerstein, Wiener and the proposed hybrid model)
optimized by Recursive Least Square (RLS). Then the performances of these
models are compared. Simulation results reveal the effectiveness and robustness
of the proposed identification model.
A WAQF IN THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE IN THE TURKISH HISTORIOGRAPHY
Authors: Makarevych A.
Published: January 2019

In this paper we investigate the traditional Muslim institution of a waqf in the Turkish historiography. Particular attention is paid to the views of Turkish historians on the reasons for the foundation of a waqf, its place and role in the economic, social and cultural life of the Ottoman Empire, as well as on the relationship between the waqf administration and the government, the functioning of this institute in the various geographical areas. We distinguish and analyze the main approaches of Turkish researches to this topic from 1930s (the time of occurrence of the first works on Waqf of the Ottoman Empire in the Turkish Republic) to the present day. Then we outline the main achievements of the Turkish historiography. In our opinion, researchers were objective enough while stating that a waqf was an important part of the Ottoman civilization. We have chosen a problemchronological approach to the analysis of the Turkish historiography as a problematic approach has already a great tradition in Turkey.
Presión antrópica sobre cuencas de drenaje en ecosistemas frágiles: variaciones en las existencias (stock) de carbono orgánico asociadas a cambios morfológicos fluviales
Authors: Halifa-Marín A. , Pérez-Cutillas P. , Almagro M. , Boix-Fayos C.
Published: January 2019

Cambios antrópicos en el área de drenaje de cuencas hidrológicas determinan los procesos de erosión dominante y las fuentes de sedimento, movilizando ciertos reservorios (pools) de carbono. Además, estos cambios en el área de drenaje influyen en la dinámica sedimentaria con consecuencias en la morfología fluvial. Éstas, a su vez, pueden crear las condiciones para estabilizar carbono orgánico (CO) en los sedimentos por enterramiento, preservación de carbono, ralentización de la mineralización y colonización vegetal terrestre o acuática; causando todo ello un efecto importante en el sumidero o fuentes de carbono fluvial. Este trabajo explora el impacto de las alteraciones en el área de drenaje (reforestaciones, construcción de diques, abandono agrícola) en la morfología fluvial y en el sumidero de CO sedimentario, en una cuenca semiárida y de elevada erodibilidad. La aproximación metodológica combina el análisis cartográfico de los usos del suelo, la fotointerpretación geomorfológica del cauce y formas adyacentes en dos escenarios (1956 y 2016); y muestreos recientes de suelos y sedimentos para la determinación de las existencias (stock) de CO. La cobertura del suelo varió de un escenario principalmente agrario hacia un patrón forestal. Esa evolución alteró la dinámica sedimentológica de la cuenca que se tradujo en importantes cambios morfológicos en el cauce, disminuyendo la superficie de cauce activo (52%), incrementando la erosión lateral (77%) y las cárcavas adyacentes (11%), así como llanuras (31%) y abanicos aluviales (37%). Además, el cauce se revegetó ligeramente (16%). Todo ello propició un aumento del reservorio total de CO en los sedimentos fluviales (12%), ligeramente por encima del aumento del reservorio en los suelos de la cuenca (10%). La razón de las existencias (stock) de CO sedimentos/suelos fue >0.8, lo cual nos indica la gran capacidad de secuestro de carbono de los sedimentos, con existencias de CO por encima de los suelos agrícolas. Se constató que la dinámica geomorfológica fluvial juega un papel relevante en los flujos de CO, y en la capacidad de estabilizar sedimentos que generan sumideros de CO, en condiciones de estrechamiento del cauce activo y reverdecimiento del lecho. Estos procesos de secuestro de carbono en lechos secos y efímeros, tienen una gran relevancia para variados servicios ecosistémicos, y deberían ponerse en valor en la gestión de zonas sedimentarias fluviales.
Factors affecting adherence to antiretroviral therapy in Andhra Pradesh, India
Authors: Raju Bonu Naga , Anusuya Ganesh Shanmugasundaram , Hari Lakshmi V. , Johnson Casper , Radhakrishnan Ezhil , Ravi Rama , Ramesh Ronaki , Mohan Rao Mangavalli Jagan
Published: January 2019

Background: An important factor to effectiveness of ART is good adherence to treatment. This study aims to investigate the adherence levels to ART among people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending a Government ART centre in Anakapalli, Andhra Pradesh, India.Methods: A cross sectional study was done among 1000 adult PLHIV receiving ART. Out of nearly 4500 patients on ART we selected 1000 patients by simple random sampling technique. The average of adherence for a period of 2 years and socio demographic details were taken from the patients treatment card. Chi square test was performed to find out significant difference between the socio-demographic variables and adherence level < 95%.Results: Out of 1000 patients, 53.9% were male. 42.2% were in age group 31 to 40 years. 50.1 % had adherence >95%. Major factors influencing poor adherence were: decrease in weight (OR=18.65, p=0.000); decrease in CD4 counts (OR=20.12, p=0.000), presence of opportunistic infections (OR=12.67, p=0.000), WHO stage 3 and 4 illness (OR=6.50, p=0.000), travel distance to ART >50 kilometres (OR=1.94, p=0.000), smoker (OR=1.82, p=0.000),being illiterate (OR=1.72, p=0.000), and alcohol consumption (OR=1.58, p=0.001).Conclusions: Careful monitoring of weight, CD4 counts and opportunistic infections can help to identify poor adherence early.
Distribución del 1-butanol y 2-butanol en los sistemas agua/n-octano y agua/Dodecil ´Sulfato de Sodio (SDS)/n-octano usando dinámica molecular. Parte II. Uso de las herramientas gmx-density y gmx-densmap
Authors: Parra José Gregorio , Aray Yosslen R. , Rodríguez Geraldine , Perozo Elizabeth
Published: January 2019

En este trabajo, la distribución de las moléculas de 1-butanol y 2-butanol en los sistemas agua/n-octano y agua/SDS/n-octano fue determinada usando las herramientas gmx-density y gmx-densmap del programa gromacs con la finalidad de complementar a nivel computacional el comportamiento experimental estos co-surfactantes cuando están localizados en la región interfacial de estos sistemas. Los modelos de energía potencial GROMOS53A6 y SPC fueron utilizados para describir a las moléculas de 1-butanol, 2-butanol, SDS y agua, respectivamente. Estos modelos fueron capaces de predecir las propiedades interfaciales del sistema agua/n-octano y el área por molécula del Dodecil Sulfato de Sodio en la interfaz agua/n-octano de forma consistente. Finalmente, los perfiles y mapas de densidad demuestran que las moléculas de alcohol y SDS coexisten en la región interfacial del sistema agua/n-octano favoreciendo la estabilidad de la monocapa de surfactante y la película interfacial. viewed = 671 times
Creative processes in the Avant-Garde Movements
Authors: Paz-Agras Luz
Published: January 2019

The 20th Century Avant-Garde Movements broke with the traditional distinction of artistic disciplines in favour to an ambiguous space where limits are diffuse. Exhibition space played a relevant role in this sense as a laboratory where art object and spectator are together in interaction, getting to experiences that, in many cases, transcend from the exhibition to disciplinary Architecture. Through the analysis of the Proun Space of El Lissitzky, constructed in 1923, and some of the most relevant proposals of Neplasticist authors, focusing on the creative and experimental process, contributions from Painting to Architecture are established. Some of them, partially shaded by the hegemony of Modern Movement, have been incorporated to 20th Century architectural projects and they are a significant chapter about interdisciplinary creative processes.
On the condition of urban and architectural design
Authors: Fuentes Farías Francisco
Published: January 2019

Postmodern architecture, across the 1960 and 1970 decades, was concerned to semiotic and meaning theories, including the existential and phenomenological philosophy. Build space’s perceptual experiences took relevance under new space-thinking view, shared by another same matter researching disciplines in a phenomenological frame, but constructivist, poststructuralist, and deconstructivist too, which drives the stream of architectonic and urban design forward to today. The importance of a revision and critique of key concepts such as identity or urban imaginaries, which refer to the point of view of the city's actors, is raised as an indispensable factor in understanding the "complex nature of design". The result is a change of theories and concepts to understand both the complex reality faced by design and one of its levels of reality: the significant dimension of urban actions, interactions, and imaginaries.
The contribution of drawings to the cultural heritage values identification
Authors: Tamayo Abril Julia , Malo Toral Genoveva , García Vélez Gabriela
Published: January 2019

Vernacular architecture is considered as a cultural legacy which study has gained prominence during the last decades. Indeed, its complex and dynamic nature requires a depth understanding in order to guarantee its conservation and to maximize its use as a source of innovation for contemporary architecture. This paper reflects on the importance of drawings as a potential tool to communicate and evidence the cultural heritage values attached to these modest buildings. A comparative analysis is presented, contrasting quantitative data and qualitative data obtained from the research carried out at the end of the eighties. The main findings emphasize the role of drawings as a no verbal – visual language easy to comprehend for diverse audiences and capable to communicate valuable information to different fields.
Essence-Temporality Paradigm
Authors: García Nofuentes Juan , Martínez Ramos e Iruela Roser
Published: January 2019

The «tobacco curing houses» scattered across the landscape of the Vega of Granada, mean something more than the memory of a marginal, beautiful and forgotten architecture. These simple models of industrial architecture that pursue the «essence», turn into light and sensations sieves, that can be pierced by senses owing to a drilled and protagonist epidermis, with great expectations of giving shelter to the most unlike uses. From the inquiry into the infallibility of the architectural fact, coming from the observation of «permanent qualities», foreign to styles, uses, economy, social conditions or culture, which make architecture an eternal demand, the «invariants» that are being discovered from the inductive analysis of models of the embryonic architecture of this peculiar inherited heritage, are revealed, in a constant intertextual exercise.