bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tumbler in Tidal Wave: The Professional Stance of Social Workers under Managerialism
Authors: Lai Hung Sing
Published: August 2016

Since the concept of Managerialism has been introduced to the social welfare services in Hong Kong, the ecology of social welfare sector has changed drastically. The operation of most organizations adopts a business inclined practice to run their services under the new competitive environment. Consequently, management that is originally supposed to be an auxiliary servant to facilitate the delivery of services has eventually become the master to be served. Most social workers working under such climate find it difficult to exercise their professional functions as they are demanded to fulfill a great deal of managerial duties. Worse off, some appear to have lost their professional identity. This paper is to reveal the struggles of social workers under Managerialism and explore strategies for social workers to live with Managerialism in a way without losing their professional stance through conducting a qualitative research in Hong Kong. The result of this research identifies eight strategies: “reasserting the professional identity”, “realizing the social work values”, “discerning the first and foremost tasks”, “actualizing professional integrity”, “evoking team solidarity”, “exercising personal influence, “performing collaborative resistance”, and “practicing self-reflection”. Since the core of social work is the social work values and to sustain such values demands social workers having a solid professional stance, the suggested strategies derived from this research can be served as a reference for social workers to withstand the assault from the tidal wave of Managerialism and stand firm again on their professional stance, like a tumbler!
Evaluation of Dogs with Border Collie Collapse, Including Response to Two Standardized Strenuous Exercise Protocols
Authors: Taylor Susan , Shmon Cindy , Su Lillian , Epp Tasha , Minor Katie , Mickelson James , Patterson Edward , Shelton G. Diane
Published: August 2016

Clinical and metabolic variables were evaluated in 13 dogs with border collie collapse (BCC) before, during, and following completion of standardized strenuous exercise protocols. Six dogs participated in a ball-retrieving protocol, and seven dogs participated in a sheep-herding protocol. Findings were compared with 16 normal border collies participating in the same exercise protocols (11 retrieving, five herding). Twelve dogs with BCC developed abnormal mentation and/or an abnormal gait during evaluation. All dogs had post-exercise elevations in rectal temperature, pulse rate, arterial blood pH, PaO2, and lactate, and decreased PaCO2 and bicarbonate, as expected with strenuous exercise, but there were no significant differences between BCC dogs and normal dogs. Electrocardiography demonstrated sinus tachycardia in all dogs following exercise. Needle electromyography was normal, and evaluation of muscle biopsy cryosections using a standard panel of histochemical stains and reactions did not reveal a reason for collapse in 10 dogs with BCC in which these tests were performed. Genetic testing excluded the dynamin-1 related exercise-induced collapse mutation and the V547A malignant hyperthermia mutation as the cause of BCC. Common reasons for exercise intolerance were eliminated. Although a genetic basis is suspected, the cause of collapse in BCC was not determined.
Seminal Vesiculitis in Three Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
Authors: Ardiaca Maria , Bonvehi Cristina , Cuesta Marina , Gomez Alicia , Montesinos Andres
Published: August 2016

To date, descriptions of pathologic conditions of the seminal vesicle in rabbits are scarce and limited to the laboratory animals in experimental conditions. The present article describes three cases of strangury, abdominal pain, and anorexia associated with seminal vesiculitis in pet rabbits. Three non-neutered male pet rabbits aged 3.6, 1.5, and 2.1 yrs were presented with strangury, abdominal pain, and anorexia. Seminal vesiculitis was diagnosed based on clinical signs and ultrasonography findings. Vesiculectomy was performed in two cases that presented strangury refractory to medical treatment, and diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology. In the third case, the patient received medical treatment, and a sequela in the form of lithiasis of the seminal vesicle was detected 3 yrs later. Plain radiographs were nearly unremarkable, and results from complete blood analysis and urinalysis were not specific in all three cases. Contrast radiography was performed in one case, showing a dilated seminal vesicle. Ultrasound and surgical biopsy seem to be the most sensitive techniques in the diagnosis of this pathology. Seminal vesiculitis must be included in the differential diagnosis of acute or chronic strangury in male pet rabbits.
La gratuidad progresiva en la educación superior. Una obligación de rango constitucional del Estado de Chile
Authors: Canelo Figueroa Carola
Published: August 2016

Se analiza el tema del derecho a la educación, focalizado en dos aspectos particulares: por una parte, se considera solo la educación superior (o universitaria); y, por otra, se plantea que el estado de Chile no ha cumplido con el deber de instalar progresivamente su gratuidad, como debería haber ocurrido, a la luz del Pacto Internacional de Derechos Económicos, Sociales y Culturales. Se analiza también la problemática asociada a la existencia de dos tipos de universidades: estatales y privadas. Finalmente, la propuesta es que Chile reemplace el sistema de financiamiento basado en los D.F.L. N°1 y N° 4, de modo que en un plazo prudente (diez o veinte años) se llegue a una gratuidad total del sistema universitario.
Características intelectuales, psicoemocionales y afectivas de estudiantes de alto rendimiento pertenecientes a liceos prioritarios
Authors: Morales Navarro Mario
Published: August 2016

El artículo presenta los resultados de un estudio que consideró a estudiantes con buenos promedios de cuatro liceos prioritarios, caracterizados por bajos puntajes PSU, alto ausentismo de profesores y alumnos, y consumo de drogas. El aspecto central de la investigación consistió en determinar si existían diferencias en la capacidad intelectual, la autoestima, la resiliencia y el bienestar psicológico entre los alumnos de buen rendimiento y los de rendimiento bajo; para lo cual se aplicaron diversos tests estandarizados, como escala de resiliencia y escala de autoestima. Los resultados indican que existe una alta correlación entre rendimiento escolar y rendimiento intelectual; sin embargo, no hay diferencias en las variables autoestima y resiliencia.
Presentación
Authors: Elgueta Rosas María Francisca
Published: August 2016

Texto que presenta y define el número 2 de esta edición, informando acerca de su misión y objetivos, referidos a los tópicos de la pedagogía universitaria y la didáctica del derecho, aludidos en su título.
Teaching Java programming using case studies
Authors: Juhász Zoltán , Juhás Marián , Samuelis Ladislav , Szabó Csaba
Published: August 2016

The paper deals with the technical background and the pedagogical issues of a specific implementation for the collection, assessment and archiving of the students' assignments written in Java. The implemented system automatically applies object-oriented metrics on the collected works in order to measure the characteristic features of the assignments. Tutors use these results for the detection of plagiarisms and for the selection of outstanding works. The paper interprets the measured values within a real Java course held in the 3rd term of the Informatics bachelor study programme at the technical university. Students have several case studies devoted to the simulation of the ATM (Automatic Teller Machine) at disposal. We conclude that the access to the analyzed pool of case studies, blended with the Sun Learning Connection license from the Sun Microsystems, Inc., is an effective way of teaching programming in Java.
Compositions of dilations and isometries in calculator-based dynamic geometry
Authors: Carter Jack A. , Ferrucci Beverly J.
Published: August 2016

In an exploratory study pre-service elementary school teachers constructed dilations and isometries for figures drawn and transformed using dynamic geometry on calculators. Observational and self assessments of the constructed images showed that the future teachers developed high levels of confidence in their abilities to construct compositions of the geometric transformations. Scores on follow-up assessment items indicated that the prospective teachers' levels of expertise corresponded to their levels of confidence. Conclusions indicated that dynamic geometry on the calculator was an appropriate technology, but one that required careful planning, to develop these future teachers' expertise with the compositions.
CALIBRATE and CAS/DGS resources
Authors: Batagelj Vladimir , Kavkler Iztok , Lokar Matija
Published: August 2016

The CALIBRATE project was initiated by the EU with the goal of expanding the use of ICT in education by increasing the amount of available learning resources via resource exchange. Although CAS/DGS can be used to easily create high quality learning resources which are also easily adaptable across national boundaries, such resources are difficult to find at CALIBRATE portals. We believe that this is due to CAS/DGS still being rather exotic to most of the people as well as with the common problem of finding existing appropriate resources. A possible solution is for CALIBRATE portals to properly equip existing and forthcoming CAS/DGS resources with suitable metadata and to provide some integration with CAS/DGS tools, enabling both beginners and power users to create and exchange CAS/DGS resources.
Numerical mathematics with GeoGebra in high school
Authors: Herceg Dragoslav , Herceg Đorđe
Published: August 2016

We have prepared a suite of motivational examples which illustrate numerical methods for equation solving. Fixed point iteration, Newton's method, secant method and regula falsi method are implemented as GeoGebra tools. Our experience in teaching of numerical mathematics in "Jovan Jovanovic Zmaj" high school in Novi Sad is presented. We have tested pupil proficiency in numerical equation solving with and without use of a computer and the results are presented.
CAS as a didactical challenge
Authors: Schneider Edith
Published: August 2016

The paper starts with the discussion of a concept of general mathematics education (mathematics education for everyone). This concept views the focus of teaching mathematics in the reduction of the demands in the field of operative knowledge and skills as well as in an increase of the demands in the fields of basic knowledge and reflection. The consequences of this concept are didactically challenging for the use of Computer Algebra Systems (CAS) in the teaching of mathematics. By reducing the operative work we reduce exactly that field in which the original potential of CAS lies. It is shown that in such maths classes the main focus of CAS is on their use as a pedagogical tool, namely as support for the development of basic knowledge and reflection as well as a model of communication with mathematical experts.
The development of geometrical concepts in lower primary mathematics teaching
Authors: Szilágyiné Szinger Ibolya
Published: August 2016

Our research question is how lower primary geometry teaching in Hungary, particularly the concept of squares and rectangles is related to the levels formulated by van Hiele. Moreover to what extent are the concrete activities carried out at these levels effective in evolving the concepts of squares and rectangles.
In the lower primary geometry teaching (classes 1-4) the first two stages of the van Hiele levels can be put into practice. By the completion of lower primary classes level 3 cannot be reached. Although in this age the classes of concepts (rectangles, squares) are evolved, but there is not particular relationship between them. The relation of involvement is not really perceived by the children.
Report on the First Central- and Eastern European Conference on Computer Algebra- and Dynamic Geometry Systems in Mathematics Education, 20-23 June, 2007, Pécs, Hungary
Authors: Sárvári Csaba , Lavicza Zsolt
Published: August 2016

The Department of Mathematics of the University of Pécs, Pollack Mihály Engineering Faculty organized in the year 2007 a conference on the role of CAS and DGS in the Mathematics education. We discuss the conference's activities.
Algorithmics of the knapsack type tasks
Authors: Pătcaş Csaba , Ionescu Klára
Published: August 2016

We propose a new kind of approach of the teaching of knapsack type problems in the classroom. We will remind you the context of the general knapsack-task and we will classify it, including the two most popular task variants: the discrete and the continuous one. Once we briefly present the solving algorithm of the continuous variant, we will focus on the solving of the discrete task, and we will determine the complexity of the algorithms, looking for different optimizing possibilities. All these issues are presented in a useful way for highschool teachers, who are preparing students in order to participate in different programming contests.
Organizing programming contests
Authors: Golda Bence
Published: August 2016

This paper aims to summarize my experience in organizing programming contests. It is an overview of those questions that should be raised and decisions that should be made by organizers, teachers and computer system administrators, who participate "on the other side" of such events.
Expressiveness of programming languages and environments
Authors: Törley Gábor
Published: August 2016

In written and oral communication tools, the support of the understanding of our message have an important role: we can increase the expressiveness and the level of understanding of our topic by approaching it in several ways, i.e. in written methods by highlighting the important parts; in oral by changing tone and other elements of non-verbal communication. In this paper programming languages and developing environments are compared with each other in terms of their methods and their level of support to the solution of programming tasks.
There is a need to have these tools in programming and, of course, in teaching programming. What are the factors that define the distinctness and the legibility of a program? What are the basic principles which give an instrument in programmers' and students' hands in order to create a properly working program from already existing algorithms in the most efficient way? We search for the answers to these questions in this paper.
An e-learning environment for elementary analysis
Authors: Vajda Róbert
Published: August 2016

CreaComp is a project at the University of Linz, which aims at producing computer-supported interactive learning units for several mathematical topics at introductory university level. The units are available as Mathematica notebooks. For student experimentation we provide computational, graphical and reasoning tools as well. This paper focuses on the elementary analysis units.
The computational and graphical tools of the CreaComp learning environment facilitate the exploration of new mathematical objects and their properties (e.g., boundedness, continuity, limits of real valued functions). Using the provided tools students should be able to collect empirical data systematically and come up with conjectures. A CreaComp component allows the formulation of precise conjectures and the investigatation of their validity. The Theorema system, which has been integrated into the CreaComp learning environment, provides full predicate logic with a user-friendly twodimensional syntax and a couple of automated reasoners that produce proofs in an easy-to-read and natural presentation. We demonstrate the learning situations and the provided tools through several examples.
Teaching Fourier series, partial differential equations and their applications with help of computer algebra system
Authors: Perjési-Hámori Ildikó , Sárvári Csaba
Published: August 2016

In this paper, some examples of Fourier series and partial difference equations will be shown to demonstrate opportunities for CAS use in various circumstances. The well-known white-box – black-box teaching-learning techniques and the modularization will be used to allow the use of the same worksheet in different ways.
Examining continuity/discontinuity of a function by using GeoGebra
Authors: Dikovic Ljubica
Published: August 2016

The possibility to visualize the things with the help of today's dynamic software (GeoGebra being one of them), enables the students to see and explore mathematical relations and concepts that were difficult to be presented in the past, prior to the state-of-the-art technologies. In methodological sense, the contribution of this paper lies in the presentation of a set of visualizations designed to help students better understand and explore the basic calculus concepts such as continuity at a point, to examine discontinuity at a point, to display discontinuities and the relations between continuity and differentiability of single variable functions. In technical sense, this paper presents creative GeoGebra applets which offer new possibilities that could be of a vital importance for the future development of e-learning of College mathematics.
One Step Synthesis of Polythiophenes from the Partially Purified Crude Extract of the Roots of Tagetes Erecta
Authors: Kodithuwakku Udari , Alwis Chathura De , Prashantha M. A.B , Ratnaweera Dilru R.
Published: August 2016

Polythiophene and its derivatives are valuable conjugated polymers due to their physical properties and applications in various fields. Precursors of polythiophenes were conventionally obtained from petrochemical byproducts, which are non-renewable. Thiophene and its derivatives had been found naturally in Tagetes species such as Tagetes erecta, Tagetes tenuifolia, etc. Tagetes species produce 2, 2’:5’, 2’’-terthienyl (Alpha-T), 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2, 20-bithienyl (BBT), 5-(4-hydroxy-1-butynyl)-2, 20-bithienyl (BBTOH), and 5-(4-acetoxy-1-butynyl)-2, 20-bithienyl (BBTOAc), which are accumulated in different parts, specifically in the roots of the plants. These thiophene derivatives were extracted and identified by GC-MS, Uv-vis, FTIR and TLC analysis. The partially purified plant extract is polymerized through one step oxidative free radical polymerization to obtain polythiophenes. Product characterization has revealed that the selective polymerization of thiophene derivatives results in the phase-separated end product from the rest of the materials in the plant-extract.
MiR‐329 suppresses osteosarcoma development by downregulating Rab10
Authors: Jiang Wenwei , Liu Jin , Xu Tianyang , Yu Xiao
Published: August 2016

MiR‐329 has been proved to be a tumor suppressor gene in various malignancies, however, its role in osteosarcoma remains elusive. We found that miR‐329 is remarkably downregulated in osteosarcoma tissues and relates to advanced stages. MiR‐329 is able to inhibit osteosarcoma cell proliferation, promote apoptosis, and induce G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. In addition, miR‐329 also suppresses wound‐healing and migration ability of osteosarcoma cells and inhibits tumorigenicity in vivo. Rab10 was identified as a target of miR‐329 in osteosarcoma and mediates its biofunction. These findings may shed light to the understanding of tumor development in osteosarcoma.
The effect of bimineralic composition on extensional processes at lithospheric scale
Authors: Jammes Suzon , Lavier Luc L.
Published: August 2016

We investigate how lithospheric scale compositional heterogeneities affect kilometric scale deformation processes. To this end, we perform numerical experiments of lithospheric extension in which we vary the Moho temperature and the mineralic composition of the mantle and the crust. In both the crust and the mantle, we use an explicit bimineralic composition by randomly distributing two mineral phases in the materials. Comparison of our models to simulations using an implicit bimineralic composite (one average viscous flow laws for a two‐phase aggregate) crust and mantle demonstrates that an explicit bimineralic composition assimilated to heterogeneities succeeds in explaining observations related to the formation of rifted margins such a: (1) the absence of a sharp deformation zone at the brittle ductile transition (BDT), (2) the initiation of the rifting process as a wide delocalized rift system with multiple normal faults dipping in both directions; (3) the development of anastomosing shear zones in the middle/lower crust and the upper lithospheric mantle similar to the crustal scale anastomosing patterns observed in the field or in seismic data; (4) the preservation of undeformed lenses of material leading to lithospheric scale boudinage structure and resulting in the formation of continental ribbons as observed along the Iberian‐Newfoundland margin.
GRAIL, LLR, and LOLA constraints on the interior structure of the Moon
Authors: Matsuyama Isamu , Nimmo Francis , Keane James T. , Chan Ngai H. , Taylor G. Jeffrey , Wieczorek Mark A. , Kiefer Walter S. , Williams James G.
Published: August 2016

The interior structure of the Moon is constrained by its mass, moment of inertia, and k2 and h2 tidal Love numbers. We infer the likely radius, density, and (elastic limit) rigidity of all interior layers by solving the inverse problem using these observational constraints assuming spherical symmetry. Our results do not favor the presence of a low rigidity transition layer between a liquid outer core and mantle. If a transition layer exists, its rigidity is constrained to
 GPa, with a preference for the high rigidity values. Therefore, if a transition layer exists, it is more likely to have a rigidity similar to that of the mantle (∼70 GPa). The total (solid and liquid) core mass fraction relative to the lunar mass is constrained to
and
for interior structures with and without a transition layer, respectively, narrowing the range of possible giant impact formation scenarios.
The distribution of plasmaspheric hiss wave power with respect to plasmapause location
Authors: Malaspina David M. , Jaynes Allison N. , Boulé Cory , Bortnik Jacob , Thaller Scott A. , Ergun Robert E. , Kletzing Craig A. , Wygant John R.
Published: August 2016

In this work, Van Allen Probes data are used to derive terrestrial plasmaspheric hiss wave power distributions organized by (1) distance away from the plasmapause and (2) plasmapause distance from Earth. This approach is in contrast to the traditional organization of hiss wave power by L parameter and geomagnetic activity. Plasmapause‐sorting reveals previously unreported and highly repeatable features of the hiss wave power distribution, including a regular spatial distribution of hiss power with respect to the plasmapause, a standoff distance between peak hiss power and the plasmapause, and frequency‐dependent spatial localization of hiss. Identification and quantification of these features can provide insight into hiss generation and propagation and will facilitate improved parameterization of hiss wave power in predictive simulations of inner magnetosphere dynamics.
Mixing and dissipation in a geostrophic buoyancy‐driven circulation
Authors: Vreugdenhil Catherine A. , Gayen Bishakhdatta , Griffiths Ross W.
Published: August 2016

Turbulent mixing and energy dissipation have important roles in the global circulation but are not resolved by ocean models. We use direct numerical simulations of a geostrophic circulation, resolving turbulence and convection, to examine the rates of dissipation and mixing. As a starting point, we focus on circulation in a rotating rectangular basin forced by a surface temperature difference but no wind stress. Emphasis is on the geostrophic regime for the horizontal circulation, but also on the case of strong buoyancy forcing (large Rayleigh number), which implies a turbulent convective boundary layer. The computed results are consistent with existing scaling theory that predicts dynamics and heat transport dependent on the relative thicknesses of thermal and Ekman boundary layers, hence on the relative roles of buoyancy and rotation. Scaling theory is extended to describe the volume‐integrated rate of mixing, which is proportional to heat transport and decreases with increasing rotation rate or decreasing temperature difference. In contrast, viscous dissipation depends crucially on whether the thermal boundary layer is laminar or turbulent, with no direct Coriolis effect on the turbulence unless rotation is extremely strong. For strong forcing, in the geostrophic regime, the mechanical energy input from buoyancy goes primarily into mixing rather than dissipation. For a buoyancy‐driven circulation in a basin comparable to the North Atlantic we estimate that the total rate of mixing accounts for over 95% of the mechanical energy supply, implying that buoyancy is an efficient driver of mixing in the oceans.
Near‐bed hydrodynamics and turbulence below a large‐scale plunging breaking wave over a mobile barred bed profile
Authors: van der Zanden J. , van der A D. A. , Hurther D. , Cáceres I. , O'Donoghue T. , Ribberink J. S.
Published: August 2016

Detailed measurements are presented of velocities and turbulence under a large‐scale regular plunging breaking wave in a wave flume. Measurements were obtained at 12 cross‐shore locations around a mobile medium‐sand breaker bar. They focused particularly on the dynamics of the wave bottom boundary layer (WBL) and near‐bed turbulent kinetic energy (TKE), measured with an Acoustic Concentration and Velocity Profiler (ACVP). The breaking process and outer flow hydrodynamics are in agreement with previous laboratory and field observations of plunging waves, including a strong undertow in the bar trough region. The WBL thickness matches with previous studies at locations offshore from the bar crest, but it increases near the breaking‐wave plunge point. This relates possibly to breaking‐induced TKE or to the diverging flow at the shoreward slope of the bar. Outer flow TKE is dominated by wave breaking and exhibits strong spatial variation with largest TKE above the breaker bar crest. Below the plunge point, breaking‐induced turbulence invades the WBL during both crest and trough half cycle. This results in an increase in the time‐averaged TKE in the WBL (with a factor 3) and an increase in peak onshore and offshore near‐bed Reynolds stresses (with a factor 2) from shoaling to breaking region. A fraction of locally produced TKE is advected offshore over a distance of a few meters to shoaling locations during the wave trough phase, and travels back onshore during the crest half cycle. The results imply that breaking‐induced turbulence, for large‐scale conditions, may significantly affect near‐bed sediment transport processes.
The impact of revised simplified Arakawa‐Schubert scheme on the simulation of mean and diurnal variability associated with active and break phases of Indian summer monsoon using CFSv2
Authors: Ganai Malay , Krishna R. Phani Murali , Mukhopadhyay P. , Mahakur M.
Published: August 2016

The impact of revised simplified Arakawa‐Schubert (RSAS) convective parameterization scheme in Climate Forecast System (CFS) version 2 (CFSv2) on the simulation of active and break phases of Indian summer monsoon (ISM) has been investigated. The results revealed that RSAS showed better fidelity in simulating monsoon features from diurnal to daily scales during active and break periods as compared to SAS simulation. Prominent improvement can be noted in simulating diurnal phase of precipitation in RSAS over central India (CI) and equatorial Indian Ocean (EIO) region during active periods. The spatial distribution of precipitation largely improved in RSAS simulation during active and break episodes. CFSv2 with SAS simulation has noticeable dry bias over CI and wet bias over EIO region which appeared to be largely reduced in RSAS simulation during both phases of the intraseasonal oscillation (ISO). During active periods, RSAS simulates more realistic probability distribution function (PDF) in good agreement with the observation. The relative improvement has been identified in outgoing longwave radiation, monsoon circulations, and vertical velocities in RSAS over SAS simulation. The improvement of rainfall distribution appears to be contributed by proper simulation of convective rainfall in RSAS. CFSv2 with RSAS simulation is able to simulate observed diurnal cycle of rainfall over CI. It correctly reproduces the time of maximum rainfall over CI. It is found that the improved feedback between moisture and convective processes in RSAS may be attributed to its improved simulation. Besides improvement, RSAS could not reproduce proper tropospheric temperature, cloud hydrometeors over ISM domain which shows the scope for future development.
The collapse of Io's primary atmosphere in Jupiter eclipse
Authors: Tsang Constantine C. C. , Spencer John R. , Lellouch Emmanuel , Lopez‐Valverde Miguel A. , Richter Matthew J.
Published: August 2016

Volcanic outgassing due to tidal heating is the ultimate source of a tenuous SO2 atmosphere around Jupiter's moon Io. The question of whether SO2 frost on the surface plays a part, and to what degree, in maintaining Io's atmosphere with the constant volcanic outgassing is still debated. It is believed that for a sublimation‐supported atmosphere, the primary atmosphere should collapse during eclipses by Jupiter, as the SO2 vapor pressure is strongly coupled to the temperature of the ice on the surface. No direct observations of Io's atmosphere in eclipse have previously been possible, due to the simultaneous need for high spectral and time sensitivity, as well as a high signal‐to‐noise ratio. Here we present the first ever high‐resolution spectra at 19 µm of Io's SO2 atmosphere in Jupiter eclipse from the Gemini telescope. The strongest atmospheric band depth is seen to dramatically decay from 2.5 ± (0.08)% before the eclipse to 0.18 ± (0.16)% after 40 min in eclipse. Further modeling indicates that the atmosphere has collapsed shortly after eclipse ingress, implying that the atmosphere of Io has a strong sublimation‐controlled component. The atmospheric column density—from pre‐eclipse to in‐eclipse—drops by a factor of 5 ± 2.
Observation of Depictive Versus Tracing Gestures Selectively Aids Verbal Versus Visual–Spatial Learning in Primary School Children
Authors: van Wermeskerken Margot , Fijan Nathalie , Eielts Charly , Pouw Wim T. J. L.
Published: August 2016

Previous research has established that gesture observation aids learning in children. The current study examined whether observation of gestures (i.e. depictive and tracing gestures) differentially affected verbal and visual–spatial retention when learning a route and its street names. Specifically, we explored whether children (n = 97) with lower visual and verbal working‐memory capacity benefited more from observing gestures as compared with children who score higher on these traits. To this end, 11‐ to 13‐year‐old children were presented with an instructional video of a route containing no gestures, depictive gestures, tracing gestures or both depictive and tracing gestures. Results indicated that the type of observed gesture affected performance: Observing tracing gestures or both tracing and depictive gestures increased performance on route retention, while observing depictive gestures or both depictive and tracing gestures increased performance on street name retention. These effects were not differentially affected by working‐memory capacity. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Validation of Standardized Questionnaires Evaluating Symptoms of Depression in Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients: Approaches to Screening for a Frequent Yet Underrated Challenge
Authors: Englbrecht Matthias , Alten Rieke , Aringer Martin , Baerwald Christoph G. , Burkhardt Harald , Eby Nancy , Fliedner Gerhard , Gauger Bettina , Henkemeier Ulf , Hofmann Michael W. , Kleinert Stefan , Kneitz Christian , Krueger Klaus , Pohl Christoph , Roske Anne‐Eve , Schett Georg , Schmalzing Marc , Tausche Anne‐Kathrin , Peter Tony Hans , Wendler Joerg
Published: August 2016

Objective

To validate standard self‐report questionnaires for depression screening in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and compare these measures to one another and to the Montgomery‐Åsberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS), a standardized structured interview.

Methods

In 9 clinical centers across Germany, depressive symptomatology was assessed in 262 adult RA patients at baseline (T0) and at 12 ± 2 weeks followup (T1) using the World Health Organization 5‐Item Well‐Being Index (WHO‐5), the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9), and the Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI‐II). The construct validity of these depression questionnaires (using convergent and discriminant validity) was evaluated using Spearman's correlations at both time points. The test–retest reliability of the questionnaires was evaluated in RA patients who had not undergone a psychotherapeutic intervention or received antidepressants between T0 and T1. The sensitivity and the specificity of the questionnaires were calculated using the results of the MADRS, a structured interview, as the gold standard.

Results

According to Spearman's correlation coefficients, all questionnaires met convergent validity criteria (ρ > |0.50|), with the BDI‐II performing best, while correlations with age and disease activity for all questionnaires met the criteria for discriminant validity (ρ < |0.50|). The only questionnaire to meet the predefined retest reliability criterion (ρ ≥ 0.70) was the BDI‐II (rs = 0.77), which also achieved the best results for both sensitivity and specificity (>80%) when using the MADRS as the gold standard.

Conclusion

The BDI‐II best met the predefined criteria, and the PHQ‐9 met most of the validity criteria, with lower sensitivity and specificity.
Analysis of Forging Cracks during Hot Compression of Powder Metallurgy Nickel‐Based Superalloy on Simulation and Experiment
Authors: He Guoai , Liu Feng , Huang Lan , Jiang Liang
Published: August 2016

Hot compression tests on a newly designed hot extrusion Nickel‐based powder metallurgy superalloy are conducted at various deformation conditions. The contact friction coefficient (f) between the die and forged part is determined as 0.30–0.40 by analyzing the results of simulation and the real experiment. A new coefficient B is introduced to evaluate the bulging levels and relate the value of f. The critical strains to prevent peripheral cracks are found to relate closely to the processing parameters. Thermally induced porosity and MC type carbides of grain boundaries are the primary mechanism for inducing cracks. Examinations on microstructure of cracking demonstrate that the cracks propagate along grain boundaries. A model is proposed to illustrate the formation of fractures during hot forging.
A Luminescent Inorganic/Organic Composite Ultrathin Film Based on a 2D Cascade FRET Process and Its Potential VOC Selective Sensing Properties
Authors: Qin Yumei , Shi Jingjing , Gong Xianggeng , Tian Zeyun , Zhang Ping , Lu Jun
Published: August 2016

The cascade Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) is a multiple step nonradiative process that occurs between more than one pair of energy donor and acceptor molecules on the scale less than 10 nm, and it has played an important role in developing fluorescence sensors because of its simplicity and sensitivity. Here, blue‐emitting neutral poly(vinyl carbazole), green‐emitting tris‐(8‐hydroxy‐quinoline) aluminum, tris[2‐(4,6‐difluorophenyl) pyridinato‐C2,N] iridium (III), and orange‐emitting 4‐(dicyano‐methylene)‐2‐methyl‐6‐(4‐dimethylamino‐styryl)‐4H‐pyran (DCM) are coassembled with layered double hydroxide nanosheets using a layer‐by‐layer method to form inorganic/organic composite luminescence ultrathin films (UTFs). The UV–vis absorption, scanning electron microscopy, and small‐angle X‐ray diffraction results demonstrate that the fabricated ultrathin films are ordered, linear growth, and homogeneous. The photoluminescence spectroscopy demonstrates that the 2D cascade FRET process is realized and a significant enhancement of light emission and extended lifetime of DCM dye is obtained in the UTF. Furthermore, these composite UTFs show fast, sensitive, and selective fluorescence signal patterns toward common volatile organic compounds (VOCs) based on interfering the 2D cascade FRET process, implying its potential application in the VOC selective sensing field.
Patterning and Conductivity Modulation of Conductive Polymers by UV Light Exposure
Authors: Edberg Jesper , Iandolo Donata , Brooke Robert , Liu Xianjie , Musumeci Chiara , Andreasen Jens Wenzel , Simon Daniel T. , Evans Drew , Engquist Isak , Berggren Magnus
Published: August 2016

A novel patterning technique of conductive polymers produced by vapor phase polymerization is demonstrated. The method involves exposing an oxidant film to UV light which changes the local chemical environment of the oxidant and subsequently the polymerization kinetics. This procedure is used to control the conductivity in the conjugated polymer poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene):tosylate by more than six orders of magnitude in addition to producing high‐resolution patterns and optical gradients. The mechanism behind the modulation in the polymerization kinetics by UV light irradiation as well as the properties of the resulting polymer are investigated.
Efficient Lightweight Supercapacitor with Compression Stability
Authors: Shi Kaiyuan , Yang Xuan , Cranston Emily D. , Zhitomirsky Igor
Published: August 2016

This paper reports the fabrication of an electrochemical supercapacitor (ES) with high gravimetric and areal capacitances, achieved at a high mass ratio of active material to current collector. The active material, polypyrrole, is in situ polymerized in an aerogel‐based current collector composed of crosslinked cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). Mechanical robustness, flexibility, and low impedance of the current collectors are achieved by the chemical crosslinking of CNC aerogels and efficient dispersion of MWCNTs through the use of bile acid as a dispersant. Furthermore, the advanced electrode design results in low contact resistance. A single‐electrode areal capacitance of 2.1 F cm−2 is obtained at an active mass loading of 17.8 mg cm−2 and an active material to current collector mass ratio of 0.57. Large area ES electrodes and devices show flexibility, excellent compression stability at 80% compression, and electrochemical cyclic stability over 5000 cycles. Moreover, good retention of capacitive properties is achieved at high charge–discharge rates and during compression cycling. The results of this investigation pave the way for the fabrication of advanced lightweight ES, which can be used for energy storage in wearable electronic devices and other applications.
The Capturing of Ionized Oxygen in Sodium Vanadium Oxide Nanorods Cathodes under Operando Conditions
Authors: Yan Mengyu , Zhao Luzi , Zhao Kangning , Wei Qiulong , An Qinyou , Zhang Guobin , Wei Xiujuan , Ren Wenhao , Mai Liqiang
Published: August 2016

The control of voltage window has been considered as a universal strategy in improving the cycling stability of cathode materials, which is supposed and explained by avoiding side reactions. To address the conjecture, the detailed structure evolution of Na0.76V6O15 nanorods is investigated with different electrochemical reaction voltage windows. High time resolution in situ X‐ray diffraction, ex situ X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, ex situ Raman spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy demonstrate the amorphization of Na0.76V6O15 nanorods and formation of ionized oxygen in nanorods, leading to the increased polarization voltage and fast capacity fading. The amorphization and diffusion of ionized oxygen in nanorods is controlled by optimizing the voltage window, resulting in the great increase of capacity retention from 26% to 80%. It is demonstrated that controlling the voltage window and corresponding ionized oxygen diffusion can mitigate the fast capacity fading to achieve long lasting lithium ion batteries.
Synthesis of Ag/g‐C3N4 Composite as Highly Efficient Visible‐Light Photocatalyst for Oxidative Amidation of Aromatic Aldehydes
Authors: Wang Lingling , Yu Min , Wu Chaolong , Deng Nan , Wang Chao , Yao Xiaoquan
Published: August 2016

In this contribution, an Ag/g‐C3N4 nanocomposite was synthesized and utilized as highly efficient and green photocatalyst for organic reactions under visible light irradiation. A layered, porous g‐C3N4 was synthesized following a modified solvothermal‐roasting process by using melamine and cyanuric chloride as precursor. Silver nanoparticles (NPs) were well anchored on g‐C3N4 nanosheets, which were prepared by a facile impregnation–roasting method. The inexpensive, stable g‐C3N4 coupled with the localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) effect of Ag NPs exhibited high photocatalytic activities toward aerobic oxidative amidation of aromatic aldehydes under visible light irradiation. Good to excellent yields were achieved for various substrates under the light of a 25 W compact fluorescent light (CFL) bulb in air. The operationally easy procedure provides an economical, green, and mild alternative for the formation of amide bonds.

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Iron‐Catalyzed Michael Addition of Ketones to Polar Olefins
Authors: Zhang Di‐Han , Knelles Jakob , Plietker Bernd
Published: August 2016

The base metal complex tetrabutylammonium nitrosyltricarbonylferrate {Bu4N[Fe(CO)3(NO)] (TBA[Fe])} – catalyzes the conjugate addition of ketones to polar olefins. The reaction is applicable to a wide range of substrates leading to interesting building blocks for organic synthesis. Clear indications for an acid‐base type rather than a C−H activation pathway exist.

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Synthesis of Highly Substituted Imidazo[1,5‐a]quinoxalines Through a Multicomponent Reaction Followed by Deprotection–Cyclization
Authors: Sashidhara Koneni V. , Prasad Dodda. Ranga , Upadhyay Akanksha , Reddy Palnati Gopala , Modukuri Ram K. , Kant Ruchir
Published: August 2016

An operationally simple and efficient, one‐pot, two‐step methodology has been developed for the assembly of medicinally important imidazo[1,5‐a]quinoxalines. The protocol involves the multicomponent reaction of aryl aldehydes, ortho‐N‐Boc‐phenylenediamines and azidochalcones in the presence of erbium triflate as a Lewis acid catalyst, followed by deprotection–cyclization with 10% trifluoroacetic acid, furnishing the desired compounds in moderate to good yields. By virtue of their convergence, two aromatic rings and four new bonds are generated during the course of this reaction protocol. The structure of one of the compounds was proved by X‐ray crystallography.

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Efficient Catalyst for Both Suzuki and Heck Cross‐Coupling Reactions: Synthesis and Catalytic Behaviour of Geometry‐ Constrained Iminopyridylpalladium Chlorides
Authors: Tang Yujie , Zeng Yanning , Hu Qingxia , Huang Fang , Jin Liqun , Mo Weimin , Sun Nan , Hu Baoxiang , Shen Zhenlu , Hu Xinquan , Sun Wen‐Hua
Published: August 2016

A series of geometry‐constrained iminopyridyl‐palladium chlorides were synthesized and characterized. These phosphine‐free palladium complexes were explored for their catalytic activities in both Suzuki and Heck cross‐coupling reactions, achieving turnover numbers as high as 106 towards various aryl bromides, even those containing various functionalities. In addition, the influence of substituents with steric and electronic factors was reflected by the differences observed in their activities.

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N‐Benzyldithiocarbamate Salts as Sulfur Sources to Access Tricyclic Thioheterocycles Mediated by Copper Species
Authors: Luo Bingling , Cui Qingbin , Luo Hongwen , Hu Yumin , Huang Peng , Wen Shijun
Published: August 2016

Using an easily prepared triethylammonium N‐benzyldithiocarbamate salt as a sulfur source, a dual C−S functionalization of cyclic diaryliodoniums to form tricyclic thioheterocycles is realized. Our method uses the readily available copper sulfate to accelerate the chemical transformation under mild conditions. A broad range of cyclic diaryliodoniums with a ring size from 5‐ to 7‐membered can be employed to gain a quick access to tricyclic thioheterocycles including dibenzothiophenes, thioxanthenes, and phenoxathiines.

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Mild Stereoselective Intermolecular Acetoxylation and Azidation of α‐C−H Bonds in Tröger's Bases
Authors: Pereira Raul , Ondrisek Pavol , Kubincová Alžbeta , Otth Elisabeth , Cvengroš Ján
Published: August 2016

Introduction of oxygen and nitrogen into organic molecules is one of the fundamental strategies for their functionalization. Traditional approaches rely on the formation of an activated intermediate, which is then modified in a subsequent step. Here we report a simple direct oxidative α‐acetoxylation and azidation of α‐C−H bonds in Tröger's base analogues promoted by N‐bromosuccinimide (NBS) and palladium(II)acetate [Pd(OAc)2] under mild conditions. This approach is pivotal on NBS oxidizing the carbon atoms next to the nitrogen atoms in the presence of Pd(OAc)2 followed by a reaction with oxygen‐ or nitrogen‐centred nucleophiles such as KOAc or NaN3 to yield either the mono‐ and bisacetoxylated or azidated Tröger's base derivatives in a stereo‐ and chemoselective manner. The obtained products can be efficiently modified to access synthetically meaningful structures.

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Nickel‐ or Iron‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling of Aryl Carbamates with Arylsilanes
Authors: Shi Wen‐Juan , Zhao Hong‐Wei , Wang Yang , Cao Zhi‐Chao , Zhang Li‐Sheng , Yu Da‐Gang , Shi Zhang‐Jie
Published: August 2016

Aryl carbamates were for the first time applied as electrophiles in the cross‐coupling with arylsilanes via nickel or iron catalysis to construct valuable biaryl compounds. This new coupling reaction features a good group tolerance and non‐sensitivity to steric hindrance on both aryl carbamates and arylsilanes.

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Tandem C(sp3)−H Arylation/Oxidation and Arylation/Allylic Substitution of Isoindolinones
Authors: Jiménez Jacqueline , Kim Byeong‐Seon , Walsh Patrick J.
Published: August 2016

Isoindolinones comprise an important class of medicinally active compounds. Herein we report a straightforward functionalization of isoindolinones with aryl bromides (22 examples) using a palladium(II) acetate/NIXANTPHOS‐based catalyst system. Additionally 3‐aryl‐3‐hydroxyisoindolinone derivatives, which exhibit anti‐tumor activity, can be accessed via a tandem reaction. Thus, when the arylation product is exposed to air under basic conditions, in situ oxidation takes place to install the 3‐hydroxy group. Furthermore, a tandem arylation/allylic substitution reaction is advanced in which both the arylation and allylic substitution are catalyzed by the same palladium catalyst. Finally, a tandem arylation/alkylation procedure is presented. These tandem reactions enable the synthesis of a variety of structurally diverse isoindolinone derivatives from common starting materials.

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Triboelectric Nanogenerators Driven Self‐Powered Electrochemical Processes for Energy and Environmental Science
Authors: Cao Xia , Jie Yang , Wang Ning , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: August 2016

Ever since the discovery of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG) by Wang's group in January 2012, various breakthroughs have been achieved in the fundamental mechanisms of TENG as well as the demonstrated self‐powered systems. TENG has shown many advantages in micro‐scale energy harvesting for applications in sensors and portable devices. As a self‐sufficient power source, TENG can be used in conjunction with electrochemical processes as self‐powered electrochemistry without the use of external power source. This review mainly focuses on the updated progress in TENGs for both high performance energy conversion and self‐powered electrochemical systems in application such as water splitting, sea water desalination, air pollution cleaning, degradation of organic pollutant, collecting of heavy metal ions and many more. The idea of performing electrochemistry without using an external power could be useful for large‐scale application in environmental science.