bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A vector encoding for topology finding of structured quad-based patterns for surface structures
Authors: Oval R , Mesnil R , Van Mele T , Block P , Baverel O
Published: November 2023

Topology-optimisation strategies for structural design of discrete surface structures result in unstructured patterns that require post-rationalisation to limit the number and complexity of the various structural elements. Fabrication-related objectives still demand further processing. Designers need topology exploration, before topology optimisation, following a generative-design approach that is decoupled from density tuning and shape design, to produce high-quality patterns. Such an approach allows to flexibly embed multiple design constraints, benefit from state-of-the-art form-finding algorithms and explore design trade-offs of the multiple requirements related to architecture, engineering and construction. This research investigates a parameterisation strategy to encode topological exploration of structured patterns based on quad meshes. The focus is set on singular vertices, which connect an irregular number of blocks, cables, or beams. Singularities are independent from pattern density and geometry, and have a fundamental influence on the qualitative and quantitative performance of the structure. We introduce an L-system encoding a quad-mesh grammar into a string that describes topological transformations of these singularities. Design applications to a net and a gridshell demonstrate the influence of singularities on the design of surface structures, and highlight the flexibility and generality of the approach in terms of geometrical processing and performance metrics. Beyond exploration, this parameterisation strategy opens to novel applications of search and optimisation methods for generative design of singularities in structural patterns.
Theoretical analysis and model manufacturing of innovative mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint
Authors: Gu Jinchao , Du Wenfeng , Tang Pengshan , Gao Boqing , Dong Shilin , Yang Mijia
Published: November 2023

One of the main challenges for free-form surface reticulated shell structure recently is the development of a new joint that is able to implement complex-shaped curvature and fulfill the required loading capacity, whilst also meeting various important requirements such as convenient on-site assembly and suitability for connecting members with various cross-sectional forms. This article draws inspiration from the construction idea of Chinese traditional mortise and tenon structure and proposes a new type of mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint. To investigate the joint’s mechanical performance, the detailed numerical models of 29 mortise and tenon hollow spherical joints with different size parameters are established by SolidWorks and Ansys, and the effects of the hollow spherical wall thickness, tooth width, tooth spacing, tooth height and tenon face width on the joint bearing performance are analyzed. The joint failure modes under bending limit states are discussed, and the calculation formulas for the initial and elastic-plastic stage rotational stiffness are derived. The results show that the joint initial rotational stiffness is increased by 34.45%, 4.69%, 4.29%, and 3.25%, respectively, after the parameter optimization analysis of the hollow spherical wall thickness, tooth width, tooth spacing and tenon face width. The mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint has good mechanical performance, and possesses the advantages of simple and beautiful appearance, fast construction speed and high positioning accuracy. Finally, a reduced-scale model of the mortise and tenon hollow spherical joint is manufactured using 3D printing technology to visually showcase its external feature and validate its assembly characteristic.
Considering flexible wheel-rail coupling effects: An analysis of the vibration and transmission characteristics of damped track
Authors: Tang Xueyang , Wang Qihao , Cai Xiaopei , Wang Weihua
Published: November 2023

The vibration and transmission characteristics of track components during vehicle operation is a complex issue. To address this issue, this paper proposes a flexible wheelset-damped track-tunnel-soil model that considers the interaction between the flexible wheelset and the rail. Using field measurements and the developed model, this study investigates the vibration characteristics of track components and explores the influence of fastener stiffness and damping pad stiffness on track vibration and vibration transfer characteristics between components from an energy perspective, using track spectrum power flow as the evaluation index. The results demonstrate that the model considering wheel-rail coupling can more comprehensively reflect the vibration characteristics of the track during train operation. Compared to fasteners with lower stiffness, damping pads with lower stiffness can reduce track vibration in a wider frequency range. Lower fastener stiffness reduces the transmission of vibration in 50∼2000 Hz, while lower damping pad stiffness reduces the transmission of vibrations in 1∼2000 Hz.
Optimizing antimicrobial prophylaxis strategies in acute leukemia patients: Assessing the efficacy of fluconazole
Authors: Teran Nicholas S. , Park Grace S.
Published: November 2023

Background

Acute myeloid (AML) and promyelocytic (APL) leukemia patients are at high risk for infection and mortality. While guidance for infection prevention is provided by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) and the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), each institution may vary in antimicrobial prophylaxis prescribing practices. The discrepancy may be explained by medication intolerance, cost, and low incidence of mold infections in leukemia patients. A recent meta-analysis demonstrated mortality benefits with the use of posaconazole, which was adopted by the NCCN. Despite known risks, it is unclear whether universal mold-active coverage is indicated for all AML and APL patients.

Objective

To assess the incidence of breakthrough infections in AML and APL patients.

Methods

This was a single-center, retrospective chart review of AML and APL patients receiving induction therapy at Baylor St Luke's Medical Center (BSLMC) between January 2019 and October 2021. The primary outcome assessed the incidence of breakthrough infections. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data.

Results

A total of 55 patients were included and 54 (98%) had prolonged neutropenia with a median duration of 30 days. Five patients (9.3%) experienced breakthrough infections during induction while 21 individuals (38.9%) during the follow-up period. Aspergillus infections occurred in three patients receiving nonmold coverage compared to none on mold-active agents (p = 1.0) with no statistical difference in mortality.

Conclusion

Despite the majority of patients not receiving mold-active prophylaxis, nonmold-active prophylaxis may be sufficient with consideration of low aspergillosis incidence.
Rapid drug desensitization to taxanes: a descriptive study from Turkey
Authors: Yeşilkaya Selma , Aksu Kurtuluş , Vural Solak Gürgün Tuğçe , Demir Şenay , Topel Musa , Erçelebi Dilek Çuhadar , Koca Kalkan İlkay , Ateş Hale , Köycü Buhari Gözde , Nazik Bahçecioğlu Sakine
Published: November 2023

Aim

To present the characteristics of drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHRs) among taxane recipients with non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC), and to describe the results of rapid drug desensitization (RDD).

Methods

A retrospective cross-sectional study included 45 patients who were treated with taxane for NSCLC and were found to be hypersensitive to taxane. All patients were administered the standard 3-bag, 12-step RDD protocol following the development of DHR. RDD success was evaluated separately for each cycle, and successful RDD was defined as the completion of the cycle with application of 12 steps of the desensitization protocol and the absence of early and/or late reactions afterwards.

Results

Among 45 patients hypersensitive to taxane 43 (95.6%) successfully received taxane cycles with desensitization. Failed RDD occurred in only 2 (4.4%) patients. The total number of desensitization cycles was 183, of which 181 (98.9%) were successful. The mean age of patients with successful desensitization was 59.42 ± 10.48 years and 37 (86.0%) of them were male.

Conclusion

RDD is a reliable procedure that enables effective administration and completion of first-line taxane treatments in taxane-sensitive patients.
Diamond hands to the moon: Idiocultural mobilization and politicization of personal finance on r/wallstreetbets
Authors: Gregersen Andreas , Ørmen Jacob
Published: November 2023

In January 2021, the shares of the brick-and-mortar video games retail chain GameStop exploded in value. At the same time, billboards on highways and ads in Times Square in New York City used cryptic visuals and seemingly meaningless emojis with diamonds and rockets. Mainstream media soon had an explanation: This was the story of how the subreddit r/wallstreetbets had mobilized thousands of retail investors in a fight against evil hedge funds. Based on a case study of r/wallstreetbets and the GameStop incident, we analyze how idiosyncratic internet culture was incorporated into a broadly resonant and emotionally inflected narrative that lionized the ‘little man’, focusing on both individual profits and collective grievances. Through a theoretical framework combining sociological theories of internet culture and framing analysis, we identify an overall communication structure that drew on three interconnected discursive layers: idiocultural memes, investment-specific information, and a moralized, collectivized injustice frame with heroes and villains. We further argue that the GameStop (GME) incident instantiates a case of the politicization of personal finance, where the investment practices and strategies of ordinary people were transformed into a political issue. As such, the article makes two contributions to the existing literature. First, we contribute to the nascent literature on internet cultures related to personal finance by looking at a specific subreddit devoted to stock trading and investing. Second, we show how idiocultural elements, such as emojis and memes, can function both as contested and exclusionary material aimed at insiders and as flexible components of communications framed for broad mobilization through emotionally resonant notions of grievance and injustice.
Black dis/engagement: negotiating mainstream media presence and refusal
Authors: Amponsah Emma-Lee
Published: November 2023

This article presents a conceptualization and exploration of ‘Black dis/engagement’, which refers to Black people’s ‘non-presence’ in mainstream media and involves a simultaneous engagement with grassroots community media that divert – to various degrees – from the norms of white respectability. Based on 20 in-depth interviews with media practitioners (journalists, writers, digital media producers, and activists) of Black African descent in Belgium, this study challenges popular media diversity discourses that equate mainstream media visibility and engagement with social progress and disengagement with quite the opposite: an alarming loss. Drawing on Black ontology and feminist epistemologies of refusal rooted in histories of marronage and Black fugitivity, the study sheds light on how Black people create, write, and engage outside the mainstream, and examines the possibilities and limitations that Black individuals can encounter along the way. The study reveals that while some Black critical voices have found platforms within mainstream media, there is increasing skepticism and questioning among Black individuals and communities toward mainstream media infrastructures and cultures. Centering Black people’s agency and decentering the demands of dominant media cultures, the article sheds light on the diverse ways in which Black people have withdrawn from mainstream media, established digital community spaces, and engaged in various forms of community activities. Recognizing the fluid and contextual nature of Black dis/engagement, the author underscores the importance of valuing and understanding the diverse strategies employed by Black individuals and communities to navigate and resist oppressive media systems.
One future to bind them all? Modern central banking and the limits of performative governability
Authors: Walter Timo
Published: November 2023

In this article, I analyse the case of ‘modern’ central banking’s dual failures in effectively containing financial fragilities and inflationary pressures as a cautionary tale about the intrinsic limitations and contradictions of ‘governing through quantified futures’. I construct a genealogy of central banks’ much-vaunted ‘performative art’ of governing the economy through the management of expectations in order to reveal a crucial tension between the control of expectations about the future and controlling the future through (present) expectations of it. I argue that social scientific analyses tend to operate with a truncated understanding of performativity that prevents them from developing sufficiently precise and discerning accounts of the mechanics of performative processes to reveal their (intrinsic) limitations and explain how and why they (may) fail. By dissecting the surprisingly complex mechanics of central banks’ performative agency, I thus contribute towards a more precise theorisation of how governing through quantified futures operates.
Police personnel stress during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in Kano, Nigeria
Authors: Ndubueze Philip N.
Published: November 2023

Police personnel experience stress in the course of their routine duties. Although this stress is considered normal, given the risky nature of the job, it is exacerbated by increasing demands for law and order during pandemic-induced lockdowns. This study was designed to examine the sources/nature and effects of stress among police personnel during the SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown and how police officers treated and managed it. The qualitative study used a phenomenological design to collect data from 30 purposively selected police personnel of Kano State Police Command, Nigeria, through in-depth interviews. Results showed that most of the participants experienced stress during lockdown. The stress emanated from a lack of cooperation by defiant members of the public who flouted the restrictions of movement order, the increased work schedule/workload, fear of being infected with the virus and a lack of understanding from families/friends. In addition, some participants reported that they experienced depression, anxiety or post-traumatic stress disorder and suicidal thoughts as a result of the stress they faced. Nonetheless, most participants reported that the availability of support from family members, peer support and trust, physical exercise, talking about occupational stress with peers/superiors, making time for their hobbies, eating well, taking a deep breath, meditation and prayers helped them relieve the occupational stress. These findings provide useful insights into the dynamics of police personnel stress and its management in the era of COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in a state in Africa's most populous country, Nigeria.
The quality of radio journalism in Tanzania: Empowering citizens or at a crossroads?
Authors: Spurk Christoph , Katunzi Abdallah
Published: November 2023

There is a dearth of scholarly work that measures the quality of journalism, both in Western contexts and in the Global South. This might be partly explained by the difficulty in defining, operationalising and measuring news media quality. However, those data would be helpful to identify the societal role of radio journalism in enabling citizens to participate and take decisions. As radio plays an overarching role in Tanzania for information, especially for those living in rural areas, this article assessed research data from the “Yearbook on Media Quality in Tanzania” that has identified quality as a list of criteria describing various characteristics of journalistic texts and set thresholds to distinguish good from poor quality. Thus, it measured the quality performance of 30 print, radio and TV media houses. This article now assesses radio journalism in the country, with a focus on comparison amongst radio stations. The assessment shows that some quality criteria were almost not fulfilled at all, although they are acknowledged as important, for example, the right of reply, or covering viewpoints that are critical to the government. Nevertheless, with regard to professionalism and comprehensive reporting, the data show that some radio stations perform largely better than others and that programmes are much better compared to newscasts. The external environment plays an important role in performance. Many shortcomings in quality are due to the harsh political environment and economic challenges. However, the internal newsroom environment plays an additional role and explains as well some of the quality differences identified.
Us and them: Individual and group perceptions and attitudes about Reach Out and Read implementation in one pediatric clinic
Authors: Stone Jennifer K , Erickson Karen A
Published: November 2023

The primary objective of this study was to explore clinic group culture surrounding Reach Out and Read (ROaR) at a pediatric clinic recognized as successful in ROaR implementation. In ROaR-participating clinics, pediatricians give books and information to families at well child visits to promote daily read aloud practices deemed necessary by many experts to build early literacy skills. The program is known to be most effective when implementing clinics demonstrate positive group culture, yet additional understanding of cultural elements is needed. To explore clinic group culture, we collaborated with a ROaR regional representative and a pediatrician leading high-quality ROaR implementation to create a semi-structured interview protocol regarding staff perceptions and feelings surrounding ROaR. Then we conducted the semi-structured interview with twelve non-physician staff members in the pediatrician’s clinic. A two-phase grounded theory analysis revealed an ingroup/outgroup relationship that created two distinct cultural groups related to ROaR. Participants described themselves as ingroup members and the patients receiving ROaR as outgroup members. The ingroup included community organizations, doctors, and study participants, working together to give books and information to parents and medical students, who made up the outgroup. Ingroup members assumed that outgroup members needed their services. Participants’ descriptions of literacy resources in their own family cultures were different from their descriptions of the needs they perceived of members of the outgroup. Descriptions of outgroup members’ literacy needs included multiple stereotypes that could serve to perpetuate, rather than ameliorate, existing literacy inequities. Empathy promotion within ROaR-implementing clinics is discussed as a potential strategy to increase equity.
Exceptionalism for most, excess for others: The legal foundation of a bifurcated criminal justice system in Denmark
Authors: Madsen Mads
Published: November 2023

Following a change in the Danish gang milieu in 2008, where ethnic minority street gangs challenged the established outlaw motorcycle gangs, the Danish government has formulated three anti-gang policy ‘packages’. To unfold the development they represent to Nordic penology, this article analyses elements of both penal exceptionalism and excess. In this article, it is shown how the packages are based on the notion of gang membership as a choice, which legitimated the development of a parallel justice system for gang members. This foundation is built upon a gang-specific subsection that allows for the doubling of gang-related sentences and for restricting prisoner rights and traditional rehabilitative treatment for gang-related convicts. The packages, however, maintained ‘a way out’ for gang members who voluntarily entered a formal EXIT program, and thus gained access to traditional penal treatment and also support for leaving the gang milieu. It is argued that the packages represent a development of intended bifurcation based on status differentiation between citizen groups, a process also observed in regard to Danish anti-ghetto policies. Thus, rather than resembling a general turn to punitiveness, the packages indicate a penological development based on penal differentiation, which raises questions about access to justice for those found wanting.
Nurses’ Perceptions of Licensure Compact Legislation to Facilitate Interstate Practice: Results From the 2022 Michigan Nurses’ Study
Authors: Medvec Barbara R. , Titler Marita G. , Friese Christopher R.
Published: November 2023

States are struggling to assure an adequate number of registered nurses are active in the clinical workforce to serve patients and communities. Nurse compact legislation—enacted in 39 states—facilitates interstate recognition of nurse licensure. We used a cross-sectional email survey of registered nurses in Michigan to measure their opinions on compact licensure legislation and examined differences in compact licensure opinions by nurses’ personal characteristics. Primary analyses reported herein are from 7,098 Michigan nurses with complete data. Most respondents felt that the compact would make it easier to redeploy nurses in an emergency (76.6%), improve access to nursing care (66.6%), and boost their personal career options (55.1%). Most nurses disagreed that compact legislation would weaken patient protections (60.7%). The majority expressed neutral feelings on whether compact licensure would make disciplinary actions more difficult to enforce (50.9%) and a plurality that current licensure policies were satisfactory (44.0%). The majority were supportive of Michigan joining the compact (72.3%). In multivariable analysis, stronger support for joining the compact was associated with advanced degrees, male sex, and younger age. Less support was associated with membership in a collective bargaining unit. Policymakers who wish to ease acute nurse vacancies should consider enacting nurse licensure compact legislation. Careful attention to patient protections and disciplinary review would address potential safety concerns.
Finite element modeling of spherical indentation behavior of 3D mesh fabric at the yarn level
Authors: Zheng Fei , Chen Fuxing , Liu Yanping
Published: November 2023

This paper reports an experimental and numerical study on the spherical indentation behavior of three-dimensional (3D) warp-knitted mesh fabrics. A full-size finite element (FE) model of a typical 3D mesh fabric is established at the yarn level based on the realistic monofilament architecture from micro-computed tomography (μCT) scanning and verified with experiments. The structural change of the fabric in the spherical indentation process is quantitatively analyzed in terms of fabric global deformation, local deformation, mesh deformation, and spacer monofilament deformation from the FE simulation. The numerical results show that the fabric shrinks walewise and expands coursewise from the spherical indentation of the continuous intermeshed monofilament architecture, showing counterintuitive partial auxeticity. The coursewise symmetry and walewise asymmetry of the 3D mesh fabric produce relatively symmetrical coursewise deformation and asymmetrical walewise deformation under spherical indentation. The symmetrical coursewise deformation includes even widening, good fitting of the indenter, and almost identical mesh sizes in the coursewise direction. Walewise asymmetry leads to uneven shortening, inferior fitting of the indenter, and considerably varied mesh sizes in the walewise direction. Spacer monofilaments in different positions relative to the spherical indenter have different deformations. The closer to the indenter, the greater bending and twisting of the spacer monofilament. The spacer monofilament knitted earlier of the tested fabric has smaller deformation than that knitted later due to the walewise asymmetry. The coursewise symmetry and walewise asymmetry of the inhomogeneous 3D mesh fabric structure result in a highly nonlinear spherical indentation behavior.
La Familia: Faith, Identity, and Politics in A Latino Bible Study
Authors: Hernandez Mabel E.
Published: November 2023

This ethnographic case study utilizes intersectionality and sense of belonging to understand students’ experiences in a Latino Bible study and how it contributes to their overall college experience. The findings suggest that the Bible study offers a unique space for students to explore faith, ethnic identity, and politics in a culturally appropriate format that helps them feel like family. This study helps demonstrate the value and role of student groups in students’ college experience.
Natural Language Processing Enhanced Qualitative Methods: An Opportunity to Improve Health Outcomes
Authors: Parker R. David , Mancini Karen , Abram Marissa D.
Published: November 2023

Background

Electronic health systems contain large amounts of unstructured data (UD) which are often unanalyzed due to the time and costs involved. Unanalyzed data creates missed opportunities to improve health outcomes. Natural language processing (NLP) is the foundation of generative artificial intelligence (GAI), which is the basis for large language models, such as ChatGPT. NLP and GAI are machine learning methods that analyze large amounts of data in a short time at minimal cost. The ability of NLP to conduct qualitative analyses is increasing, yet the results can lack context and nuance in their findings, requiring human intervention.

Methods

Our study compared outcomes, time, and costs of a previously published qualitative study. Our approach partnered an NLP model and a qualitative researcher (NLP+). UD from behavioral health patients were analyzed using NLP and a Latent Dirichlet allocation to identify the topics using probability of word coherence scores. The topics were then analyzed by a qualitative researcher, translated into themes, and compared with the original findings.

Results

The NLP + method results aligned with the original, qualitative derived themes. Our model also identified two additional themes which were not originally detected. The NLP + method required 6 hours of labor, 3 minutes for transcription, and a transcription cost of $1.17. The original, qualitative researcher only method required more than 36 hours ($2,250) of time and $1,100 for transcription.

Conclusions

While natural language processing analyzes voluminous amounts of data in seconds, context and nuance in human language are regularly missed. Combining a qualitative researcher with NLP + could be deployed in many settings, reducing time and costs, and improving context. Until large language models are more prevalent, a human interaction can help translate the patient experience by contextualizing data rich in social determinant indicators which may otherwise go unanalyzed.
Repositioning Construct Validity Theory: From Nomological Networks to Pragmatic Theories and Their Evaluation by Explanatory Means
Authors: Haig Brian D.
Published: November 2023

In this article, I argue for a number of important changes to the conceptual foundations of construct validity theory. I begin by suggesting that construct validity theorists should shift their attention from the validation of constructs to the process of evaluating scientific theories. This shift in focus is facilitated by distinguishing construct validation (understood as theory evaluation) from test validation, thereby freeing it from its long-standing focus on psychological measurement. In repositioning construct validity theory in this way, researchers should jettison the outmoded but superficially popular notion that theories are nomological networks in favor of a more plausible pragmatic view of their natures, such as the idea that theories are explanatorily coherent networks. Consistent with this shift in understanding the nature of theories, my recommendation is that construct validation should embrace an explanationist perspective on the theory evaluation process to complement its focus on hypothetico-deductive theory testing. On this view, abductive research methods have an important role to play. The revisionist perspective on construct validity proposed here is discussed in light of relevant developments in scientific methodology and is applied to an influential account of the validation process that has shaped research practice.
Experiences of people with hand osteoarthritis and perceptions of clinicians and carers on quality of life and treatment services: A qualitative synthesis
Authors: Srikesavan Cynthia , Dean Benjamin , Toye Francine , Bolt Alex , Thurley Neal
Published: November 2023

Introduction

We aimed to synthesise the experiences of people living with hand osteoarthritis (HOA) and the perceptions of clinicians and carers relating to the quality of life and treatment services.

Methods

We undertook a systematic search on MEDLINE, Embase, and CINAHL electronic databases for qualitative studies in HOA. We used the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist to assess methodological quality and thematically-synthesise the findings. We used GRADE-CERQual (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation- Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative Research) to assess the quality of the evidence.

Results

We identified 13 studies involving people with HOA (288 women and 39 men, average age 61.4 years) and clinicians. Five themes were identified from studies involving people with HOA: i) My hands are painful whenever I use them; ii) It stops me doing everyday activities; iii) It stops me doing things I value; iv) It’s psychologically challenging and v) I find ways of doing things. The quality of evidence was moderate except for pain with low quality of evidence. Most studies were conducted in Europe and the United Kingdom with participants recruited predominantly from hospital settings. We were not able to synthesise the three studies that involved clinicians as each explored different topics of HOA. There were no studies that involved carers.

Conclusions

Our findings highlighted the impact of HOA in various areas of life and the need for personalised psychological support in practice.
The Impact of the Nasal Mucosal Flap on Tissue Remodeling After Sinus Bone Drilling in Rabbit Models
Authors: Lv Cao , Li Cheng , Qu Jing , Dong Yi , Huang Zhenxiao , Sun Yan , Cui Shunjiu , Huang Qian , Wang Bin , Huo Mingrui , Zhou Bing
Published: November 2023

Background

Frontal sinus surgery remained a challenge of restenosis or obliteration of the drainage pathway caused by the scarring and neo-osteogenesis after mucosal stripping and bone drill-out. The pedicled or free nasal mucosal flap is typically used to repair the exposed bone surface to avoid or reduce recurrence.

Objective

This study aimed to explore the histopathological mechanism of mucosal flaps repairing bare bone after mucosal resection and bone drill-out in the rabbit model.

Methods

Thirty New Zealand white rabbits were used. Sixteen rabbits were selected as the experimental group, and Staphylococcus aureus was used to establish the CRS model (CRS group). Fourteen healthy rabbits were allocated to the control group (NCRS group). Each group was divided into two subgroups with or without mucosal flap repair (CRS-FLAP, CRS-NFLAP, NCRS-FLAP, and NCRS-NFLAP, respectively). The bony anterior and lateral walls of the maxillary sinus of each rabbit were abraded by the drill. The bare bone was then covered with a flap in FLAP subgroups. Bone remodeling and mucosal morphological changes were observed and compared by histopathological hematoxylin and eosin and Masson staining.

Results

In the CRS-NFLAP subgroup, the regenerated epithelium lacked typical structure, accompanied by numerous inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen deposition. Conversely, the inflammatory reaction was mild in the CRS-FLAP subgroup, and there was less collagen deposition. The restored mucosal structure was like the normal mucosa. The epithelium in the NCRS-NFLAP subgroup was partially exfoliated, with few cilia, goblet cells, and glandular structures. Compared with the NCRS-NFLAP subgroup, the CRS-NFLAP subgroup showed significant bone remodeling with enhanced activity of osteoblast and osteoclast cells.

Conclusions

Pedicled mucosal flap repair could significantly reduce local mucosal and bone remodeling in a rabbit model of CRS.
Osteochondral Allograft Transplantation in the Shoulder: A Systematic Review of Indications and Outcomes
Authors: Prigmore Brian , Tabbaa Suzanne , Crawford Dennis C.
Published: November 2023

Objective

To collate current literature pertaining to the published reports of indications for, and outcomes of, osteochondral allograft (OCA) transplantations in the shoulder so as to guide surgeons in the management of various etiologies of osteochondral lesions in this joint.

Design

A systematic review of the current literature was performed in February 2022 in the PubMed, Cochrane, and EMBASE databases using specific search terms and predetermined inclusion/exclusion criteria.

Results

One-hundred-twenty-three articles were initially identified, 30 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility, and 17 articles met inclusion criteria. Data were collected for study characteristics, etiology, lesion size/location, intervention/type of graft used, follow-up, and outcomes. In total, 83 shoulders were included ( n = 83) in the review with an average follow-up of 45.7 months. Nine specific indications for OCA transplantation in the shoulder included: reverse Hill-Sachs lesions (33), Hill-Sachs lesions (22), pain pump chondrolysis (10), recurrent shoulder instability (7), osteoarthritis/degenerative changes (5), radiofrequency chondrolysis (2), prominent suture anchors (2), glenoid lesion (1), and osteochondritis dissecans (1). Seventeen patients had concomitant surgeries and two patients were lost to follow-up. Of the total 83 shoulders, 68 had favorable outcomes and 13 had unfavorable outcomes as determined by graft incorporation, pain scores, functionality/ROM, patient-reported satisfaction, and/or requirement for revision/arthroplasty. Of the 13 with unfavorable outcomes, a disproportionate number had concomitant surgeries and/or were performed for pain pump chondrolysis (6).

Conclusions

The use of OCAs appears to be a viable option for a variety of difficult-to-treat shoulder pathologies, particularly those characterized by isolated osteochondral injuries.
Diagnostic dilemmas and challenges in the management of myasthenia in infants and toddlers: A case report
Authors: Mukhtiar Khairunnisa , Raza Mohammad , Tejani Isbaah , Ali Farhan , Ibrahim Shahnaz
Published: November 2023

Myasthenia in the infancy and toddler age group is rare and often presents a challenge to treating pediatric neurologists. Our report addresses the challenges encountered when distinguishing myasthenia in infants and toddlers from similar illnesses, as well as the differentiation between congenital myasthenia, transient myasthenia, and autoimmune myasthenia. We present four cases of myasthenia between the ages of 10 and 30 months. The diagnosis and management of these cases were challenging due to the variability in clinical presentation. Four cases of myasthenia were diagnosed, with three having autoimmune myasthenia and one having congenital myasthenic syndrome. One patient initially tested negative for acetylcholine receptor antibodies, but later tested positive after 4 months and had a rare facial diplegia finding. The patient with congenital myasthenic syndrome had a novel genetic mutation, DPAGT1 homozygous variants, and also had false positive acetylcholine receptor antibodies. These cases highlight the importance of genetic testing for all infants and toddlers suspected of having myasthenia.
Cost-effectiveness analysis of digital therapeutics for home-based cardiac rehabilitation for patients with atrial fibrillation after catheter ablation
Authors: Liu Tianyi , Tang Zhijie , Cai Cheng , Wu Nan , Jia Jian , Yang Gang , Zhang Wenhong
Published: November 2023

Background

In recent years, numerous guidelines and expert consensuses have recommended that digital technologies and products, such as digital therapeutics (DTx), be incorporated into cardiac rehabilitation (CR).

Objective

The study aims to compare the cost-effectiveness of DTx for home-based CR (HBCR) with that of the conventional HBCR for patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) after catheter ablation in a real-world clinical setting.

Methods

Based on a single-center, prospective, blinded, randomized, parallel controlled trial of DTx-based HBCR for AF patients after catheter ablation, 100 AF patients undergoing catheter ablation were selected and randomized at a 1:1 ratio into a UC group (conventional HBCR) and DT group (DTx-based HBCR). The intervention lasted for 12 weeks. Medical cost data and clinical efficacy data (VO2max) were acquired from trial data. Effect data (QALYs, anxiety and depression status, health beliefs related to cardiovascular disease, and exercise self-efficacy) were obtained from a patient questionnaire. The cost-effectiveness analysis was conducted to assess the economic benefits of DTx-based HBCR versus conventional HBCR, and the robustness of the results was verified by sensitivity analysis.

Results

In the DT group (n = 49), the mean QALYs increased 0.119 ± 0.09, VO2max increased 9.3 ± 8.0 mL/(min*kg), anxiety, depression, health belief, and exercise self-efficacy had improved, and the total medical cost was 75,080.55 ± 19,746.62 CNY. In the UC group (n = 48), the mean QALYs increased 0.077 ± 0.06, VO2max increased 4.9 ± 6.6 mL/(min*kg), anxiety, depression, health belief, and exercise self-efficacy had improved, and the total medical cost was 73,972.66 ± 16,582.04 CNY. The difference in the medical cost was 1107.89 CNY, and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 33,572.42 CNY/QALY, which was lower than the willingness-to-pay threshold of 85,698 CNY (China's per capita GDP in 2022).

Conclusion

DTx-based HBCR is more effective and cost-effective than conventional HBCR.
Post-operative Baseplate Radiographic Evaluation Using Routine pre-Operative CT
Authors: Song Daniel J , Lanham Nathan S , Ahmed Rifat , Knudsen Michael L , Levine William N , Jobin Charles M
Published: November 2023

Background

There is limited data evaluating post-operative component position and fixation in reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate baseplate position and fixation using routine pre-operative CT and post-operative radiographs.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of a series consecutive patient who underwent primary RSA was performed. Pre-operative and post-operative glenoid retroversion and inclination were measured using radiographs aligned with projection silhouettes of 3D scapula models in Mimics software. Baseplate retroversion and inclination were measured followed by evaluating for the presence of radiolucent lines (RLLs).

Results

Twenty-four patients met inclusion criteria. The average age was 73.4 ± 10.7 years (range, 45-89 years). Radiographic follow-up was 3.4 ± 1.3 years. Post-operative glenoid baseplate retroversion was 2 ± 10 degrees (range, 30 to −9). Post-operative glenoid baseplate inclination was 3.8 ± 9.1 (range, −13 to 19). Five (21%) RSAs had baseplate retroversion >10 degrees. Follow-up radiographs revealed no RLLs around the baseplate, central post, or peripheral screws in any patient.

Conclusions

Pre-operative CT imaging enabled evaluation of baseplate component placement and fixation on post-operative radiographs. Baseplate version was within 10 degrees of neutral in 79% (19/24) of patients. No RLLs or loss of fixation were found in any cases.

Level of Evidence

Level IV: Diagnostic Study.
The history and current situation of the Hmong writing system
Authors: Long Yijun , Liu Haitao
Published: November 2023

The Hmong, or Miao, is a worldwide ethnic group. The Hmong writing system has developed over the centuries, with different writings produced successively in different historical periods. This study analyses several typical Hmong writing systems from a philological perspective and discusses the impact of history and human planning activities on creating and developing writing systems. The findings show the following. (1) The font of Hmong writing includes graphic style and stroke style, and the glyph of Xiangxi Square Writing has been squared. Some Hmong writing systems use the letter as a symbolic form, the syllable as a language unit and the phonetic expression as an expression method. (2) Social background and language planning activities were significant factors that influenced the creation and development of Hmong writing forms and structures. Analysing the Hmong writing system from a philological perspective is a significant reference for future Hmong language research and world language study. Exploring the factors affecting the development of the Hmong writing system is of great significance for protecting Hmong culture and the diversity of world civilizations.
Without money, you are technically knock-out in the race: Analyzing the role of money in parliamentary primaries in Ghana
Authors: Asekere George , Danso Millicent D , Buabeng Michael , Quarhie Lawrence
Published: November 2023

Financial resources – comprising money and other material support – are significant determinants in the prosecution of successful electoral campaigns, especially during intra-party candidate selection in Ghana. Delegates in political parties, largely, vote for candidates who can pay their way out; hence, the financially disadvantaged candidates are technically excluded from the race. The article examines this phenomenon which is incrementally making parliamentary primaries in Ghana the preserve of the rich. Empirical evidence from primary data gathered through interviews and focus group discussions as well as secondary data from published works was analyzed from a rational choice theory perspective. The article found that money does not only serve as a measure of a candidate’s success in the two leading political parties in Ghana – the National Democratic Congress (NDC) and New Patriotic Party (NPP) – but also a predictor of their future performance and an exclusionary barrier to the poor. It recommends strong legislation to regulate the funding of parliamentary primaries in Ghana. One of the first essential steps should be limiting the high amount of nomination forms and filing fees charged at the political party level.
CD61 identifies a superior population of aged murine HSCs and is required to preserve quiescence and self-renewal
Authors: Skinder Natalia , Sanz Fernández Irene , Dethmers-Ausema Albertien , Weersing Ellen , de Haan Gerald
Published: November 2023

Aging leads to a decline in function of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and increases susceptibility to hematological disease. We found CD61 to be highly expressed in aged murine HSCs. Here, we investigate the role of CD61 in identifying distinct subpopulations of aged HSCs and assess how expression of CD61 affects stem cell function. We show that HSCs with high expression of CD61 are functionality superior and retain self-renewal capacity in serial transplantations. In primary transplantations, aged CD61High HSCs function similarly to young HSCs. CD61High HSCs are more quiescent than their CD61Low counterparts. We also show that in aged bone marrow, CD61High and CD61Low HSCs are transcriptomically distinct populations. Collectively, our research identifies CD61 as a key player in maintaining stem cell quiescence, ensuring the preservation of their functional integrity and potential during aging. Moreover, CD61 emerges as a marker to prospectively isolate a superior, highly dormant population of young and aged HSCs, making it a valuable tool both in fundamental and clinical research.
Medication overuse headache is associated with elevated lipopolysaccharide binding protein and pro-inflammatory molecules in the bloodstream
Authors: Dağıdır Hale Gök , Topa Elif , Vuralli Doga , Bolay Hayrunnisa
Published: November 2023

Objective

Medication overuse headache (MOH) is a secondary headache that accompanies chronic migraine. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are the most frequently used analgesics worldwide and they are known to induce leaky gut. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether NSAID induced MOH is associated with altered circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) levels and inflammatory molecules.

Materials and methods

Piroxicam (10 mg/kg/day, po) for 5 weeks was used to induce MOH in female Sprague Dawley rats. Pain behavior was evaluated by periorbital withdrawal thresholds, head-face grooming, freezing, and head shake behavior. Serum samples and brain tissues were collected to measure circulating LBP, tight junction protein occludin, adherens junction protein vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), IL-6 levels and brain high mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) and IL-17 levels.

Results

Chronic piroxicam exposure resulted in decreased periorbital mechanical withdrawal thresholds, increased head-face grooming, freezing, and head shake behavior compared to vehicle administration. Serum LBP, CGRP, IL-6, IL-17, occludin, VE-cadherin levels and brain IL-17 and HMGB1 levels were significantly higher in piroxicam group compared to controls. Serum LBP was positively correlated with occludin (r = 0.611), VE-cadherin (r = 0.588), CGRP (r = 0.706), HMGB1 (r = 0.618) and head shakes (r = 0.921), and negatively correlated with periorbital mechanical withdrawal thresholds (r = -0.740).

Conclusion

Elevated serum LBP, VE-cadherin and occludin levels indicating disrupted intestinal barrier function and leakage of LPS into the systemic circulation were shown in female rats with MOH. LPS induced low-grade inflammation and elevated nociceptive and/or pro-inflammatory molecules such as HMGB1, IL-6, IL-17 and CGRP may play a role in the development and maintenance of MOH. Interference with leaky gut and pro-inflammatory nociceptive molecules could also be a target for sustained management of MOH.
Enhanced detoxification methods for the safe reuse of treated olive mill wastewater in irrigation
Authors: Alrowais Raid , Yousef Rania Saber , Ahmed Osama konsowa , Mahmoud-Aly Mohamed , Abdel daiem Mahmoud M. , Said Noha
Published: November 2023

Olive Mill Wastewater (OMWW) is produced in large quantities and contains high levels of nutrients that can be reused for irrigation, reducing the demand for freshwater resources. However, OMWW is phytotoxic and expensive to treat, making it important to develop more cost-effective treatment methods. This study aims to investigate an integrated detoxification treatment sequence consisting of acid precipitation, Fenton oxidation, and electrical coagulation to safely reuse OMWW for barley germination. Raw, treated and diluted OMWW (25% and 50% OMWW) were tested. The results showed that raw and diluted OMWW suppressed seed germination at all concentrations, while diluted treated OMWW enhanced seed germination and plant growth. In addition, treated OMWW (acid precipitation treatment) at 25% dilution reported 0% phytotoxicity significantly improved plant growth, where plant fresh weight (FW) reached 123.33 mg. Moreover, α-amylase, lipase, and protease enzyme activity confirmed the superior enhancement of barley growth parameters, where the highest enzyme activity value recoded 0.870 mg maltose/g FW. The integrated treatments reduced detoxification by 97.90% for total phenolic, 98.37% for total flavonoids, and 99.18% for total tannins. Reductions of around 95.78%, 60.00%, and 78.90% in total organic carbon, electric conductivity, and total solids, respectively, were achieved. A significant decrease in heavy metals was observed with removal ratios 98.64%, 94.80%, 96.88%, and 95.72% for Fe, Cu, Mn, and Zn, respectively. Seedling Vigor Index as an indicator of crop productivity was successfully predicted using neural network modeling. Therefore, the applied method can be used as a fertilizer to support plant growth and reduce fertilization costs.