bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Software Define Radio System for HF Noise Measurements
Authors: Bouleanu Iulian , Vasile Vlad-Cosmin
Published: July 2017

Accurate noise estimation in the HF band is a defining aspect in the evaluation of SNR for communication links. The reference document that specifies how different types of electromagnetic noise can be taken into account by radio communication system planners is the ITU-R Recommendation P.372.Meanwhile a series of studies have demonstrated that Gaussian noise in the HF band is not always valid because this band noise is strongly affected by atmospheric emission sources such as lightning impulse. This leads to the idea that a distribution suited to express the noise variance is the Bi-Kappa distribution. In addition, over the past decade, SDR devices and real-time spectrum analysers, which can be used to evaluate this noise, have registered explosive growth. This article indicates technical solutions and procedures used to estimate the noise level in the HF subband which can be used for Near Vertical Incidence Skywave (NVIS) communications and proposes a measurement system based on a SDR solution which meets these requirements.
Determining a Particular Solution for n-th Order Linear Differential Equations with Constant Coefficients
Authors: Căruțașu Vasile
Published: July 2017

For n-th order linear differential equations with constant coefficients, the problem to be solved is related to determining a particular solution, and then, with the general solution of n-th homogeneous linear differential equation with constant coefficients attached, to write the general solution of n-th linear differential equation with the given constant coefficients. In all the works that deal with this issue three situations are analyzed: the situation in which the free term is a polynomial P(x), the situation in which the free term is like P(x)· eα·x and lastly, the situation in which the free term is like eω·x · (P(x)· cos(β·x)+ Q(x)·sin(β·x)). In this study we aim to analyze if the free term is a combination of the three cases mentioned.
Study of Operational Capabilities of Chemical Sources of Electricity Influenced by Ambient Factors
Authors: Ivanova Galina
Published: July 2017

This study focuses on the possibility of using chemical sources of electricity to power smallsized equipment with a short-term activity. Physical models of the suggested battery were used and their performance was studied according to the requirements for testing the effects of both changes in temperature and reduced atmospheric pressure. Qualitative methods were implemented to define the performance of the test specimens.
Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Influence of Troops Leading Procedure
Authors: Drozd Jan , Flasar Zdeněk
Published: July 2017

Unmanned aerial vehicles, drones and other similar equipment are having a boom nowadays. Moreover, the usage of those modern technologies is also significant within armies. Unmanned aerial vehicles are extensively use within most of the military activities all over the world mainly on the battalion level and above. This paper is focused to discuss the usage of this technology on tactical level, particularly by squad and squad size units. The paper deals mainly with influence of unmanned aerial vehicles on troops leading procedure. The main methods of this paper are outcomes from the realized experiment. It shows on examples specific impact on all steps of the troops leading procedure. The experiment revealed interesting data and some possible conclusion were made. The primarily target of this paper is experience military personnel dealing with this topic. The paper should open broad discussion focused on all steps of troops leading procedure and outline the possible way of troops leading procedure update. Unmanned aerial vehicles, drones and other modern technology providing almost online information to the squad leader could significantly influence all steps of the troop leading procedure, safe preparation time as well as lives of the troops.
Challenges for Sample Preparation and Analysis of New Matrices During the OPCW Proficiency Tests
Authors: Grigoriu Nicoleta , Toader Constantin Nicolae , Deliu Panaghia , Moșteanu Dănuț
Published: July 2017

In the OPCW Proficiency Tests usually two sets of three samples each (test sample, control, blank) are sent for analysis, with no indication for the type of the sample. Each set of samples can be prepared in a different matrix, with organic solvent, water and soil as the most frequent ones. Thus each sample has to be analyzed like a test sample. Participants are requested to identify any chemical contained in the schedules of the Chemical Weapons Convention plus all the degradation products that can originate from them; this involves millions of possible chemicals. Usually, a spiking level of ≈10 ppm is applied. Only chemicals that are considered relevant within the scenario of the proficiency test are to be reported. The choice of sample preparation method strongly depends on the composition of the sample and on the requirements for the different analytical techniques employed in the screening and analysis. Because the sample composition of proficiency test samples is unknown, no target compound sample preparation methods can be applied. New matrices, never used in a PT before, required participants to develop new or to adopt existing sample preparation methods. The new matrices from the 38th OPCW PT were linked to food, biodiesel like used cooking oil methyl ester and a 2% Agar-agar solution (solid gel). Aluminium metal and artificial rainwater chosen to provide matrix challenge for the 40th OPCW PT. The paper provides the challenges that are generated by the new and complex matrices, how to work up gel sample, the tendency of biodiesel to form emulsions, how to sub-sample “metal fragments”, and the method of extractions.
Numerical Modelling of Terminal Ballistic for 40 × 46 mm Lesslethal Kinetic Grenade
Authors: Iosif Gabriel , Epure Gabriel , Anghel Laurențiu , Moșteanu Dănuț
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the terminal ballistics of a 40×46mm less lethal grenade. The aim of the research was to determine the kinetic energy applied to the surface in the moment of impact and also the non-lethal characteristic of this ammunition. 40 × 46 mm less-lethal kinetic grenade is made of resilient material that increases its surface in the moment of impact in order to dissipate the kinetic energy developed
Resistance of Barrier Materials Against Toxic Compounds Permeation and Its Evaluation in Accordance with New European Norms
Authors: Otřísal Pavel , Florus Stanislav , Karkalić Radovan
Published: July 2017

Study of barrier material resistance against permeation of toxic compounds belongs to a category of chemical warfare agents and toxic industrial chemicals are permanently insufficiently solved problems. This work deals with changes in approaches to testing barrier materials against toxic compounds permeation in static and dynamic conditions. An aim of this information is to describe specifications of cancelled norms of ČSN EN ISO 6529 (2002) a ČSN EN 374-3 (2004) with newly established norms ČSN EN 16523-1 a 16523-2 (2015). Authors focused on specification and comments of changes in such parts of norms concerning their scope, terms and definitions. A selected problem was solved with the help of analyse of newly established norms in a form of comments. Conditions for specification of understanding of mentioned problems in a context of established or occasionally prepared methods of testing resistance barrier materials against toxic compounds permeation have been formed with elaborated research.
Experimental Research on the Manufactureof Parts Composing a Technical System Using Polymer Composite Materials
Authors: Popescu Stelian , Dascălu Viorel , Virca Ioan
Published: July 2017

The article presents experimental research conducted by the authors for use of polymer composite materials to manufacture pressure parts of subassemblies composition of technical systems, currently manufactured from nonferrous materials. The research aimed to identify and establish a manufacturing technology specific for polymer composite materials and conducting testing and verification of resistance of manufactured parts, including their real operation conditions under pressure. The final part of the article highlights the authors’ conclusions, insisting on the advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method.
Influence of the Shock Wave on the Hybrid Ballistic Gelatin
Authors: Său Ciprian , Zecheru Teodora , Lăzăroaie Claudiu , Alexe Florentina
Published: July 2017

Forensic ballistic tests involve the use of various ballistic gelatins and soaps. Their use is restrained due to several important factors: their synthesis strategy, their availability at room temperature and their rapid degradation even when kept in cold places. The importance of human torso surrogates translates in the facility to verify various ballistic factors impact, such as shock wave or fragments. In the first case, the use of piezoelectric transducers and accelerometers inside torso surrogates helps in defining safety distances and materials for individual protection equipment.
The tribological properties of Al-brasses in various environments
Authors: Lovíšek M. , Liptáková T. , Bronček J. , Dundeková S.
Published: July 2017

Tribological properties of Al-brass pipes of various producers were studied in different environments. The tested brasses have very similar chemical composition, but they differ in microstructure due to mainly by heat treatment after cold drawing. Microstructure as well as roughness of surface influence chemical and mechanical properties which are important in operating conditions. The experiments of tribological behavior were made in various environments, dry air, cooling treated water and 3.5 % solution of NaCl at room temperature 21 ± 2°C. The tribological tests were carried out on the Linear Tribometer at normal loading 5 N by the method ball on plate for the duration of 5500 s. The measured friction coefficients were evaluated by the program DIAdem and the diagrams were created from signal generated by software NSignal Express
Transforming innovation models in European regions: Breaking out of path dependency and growing faster?
Authors: Pylak Korneliusz , Wojnicka-Sycz Elżbieta
Published: July 2017

The aim of the paper is to verify whether a change in innovation model by less-developed regions may speed up development processes and if innovativeness plays crucial role in these processes. Cluster analysis conducted for the years 1994-2014 showed that the majority of lessdeveloped regions in 1994-2000 that experienced significant growth by 2011-2014 changed their innovation models. Logit regression confirmed that innovation factors play a crucial role in high growth rates. The findings suggest that less-developed regions can break out of path dependency by increasing their shares of high-tech industries and employment in science and technology and boosting technology transfer, which usually involves changing and improving their innovation models.
Crystal structure of 2-amino-4-(4-bromophenyl)-5-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-4H-chromene-3-carbonitrile, C16H13BrN2O2
Authors: Yu Yuanyuan
Published: July 2017

C16H13BrN2O2, monoclinic, C2/c (no. 15), a = 13.9109(14) Å, b = 11.1819(6) Å, c = 19.533(3) Å, β = 109.162(14)°, V = 2870.0(5) Å3, Z = 8, R
gt(F) = 0.0413, wR
ref(F
2) = 0.0957, T = 293(2) K.
Deconvolution of alpha spectra from air filters applied for measurements of the short-lived radon progeny concentration
Authors: Skubacz Krystian
Published: July 2017

The paper contains a description of a method for the analysis of the complex alpha spectra generated during the measurement of the activity of filters outside of a vacuum chamber under environmental conditions. The peaks corresponding to the energies of alpha particles emitted by the specific isotopes are particularly large on the low-energy side of the peak maximum, and the energy resolution strongly depended on the applied filters. The analysis was based on the non-linear regression to a function designed for four, six and eight parameters. Satisfactory results were obtained for each of these functions, and the best-fitting results were achieved for the eight-parameter function. In addition, the uncertainties related to the estimated parameters, as well as the signals corresponding to functions that describe the shape of the energy peak, have been evaluated. There are also examples of the implementation of the method with respect to short-lived radon progeny and thoron decay products.
The Dramatic Arc of the Theory of FSP: A Tentative Diachronic Excursion
Authors: Adam Martin
Published: July 2017

The theory of functional sentence perspective (FSP) and its research methods have been considered one of the prominent tools of discourse analysis and information processing. It is widely known that, combining the approaches adopted both by formalists and functionalists, the theory of FSP draws on the findings presented by the scholars of the Prague Circle. The father of FSP himself - Jan Firbas - drew on the findings of his predecessor, Vilem Mathesius, who formulated the basic principles of what was to be labelled FSP only later. Apart from the principal FSP representatives and more recent followers (as a rule associated with Prague or Brno universities), this homage paper overviews somewhat less familiar - yet significant - pioneers in the field of theories of information structure, viz. Henri Weil, Samuel Brassai, Georg von der Gabelentz and Anton Marty. It will discuss some of their writings and achievements that were forming (and inspiring) the theory of FSP.
Movement Features Which Describe the Flat Bench Press
Authors: Król Henryk , Garbaciak Bartłomiej
Published: July 2017

Introduction. In sport technique studies, motion features can be useful as they have a certain defined measure [1]. In this work, we examined the following three features: the structure of the movement (all the characteristics of the movement), the fluency of the movement, and the rhythm of the movement. The aim of the study was to determine the usefulness of the selected movement features in the evaluation of the flat bench press. The protocol of the study included a flat bench press with free weights and a “touch-and-go” technique. Material and methods. The study involved twenty healthy men; however, only two were selected for analysis. The first subject was a 25-year-old powerlifter (body mass = 95 kg; body height = 182 cm; 1-RM in flat bench press = 145 kg). The second one was a 25-year-old bodybuilder (body mass = 77 kg; body height = 175 cm; 1-RM in flat bench press = 100 kg). The subjects performed consecutive sets of a single repetition of flat bench pressing with an increasing load (70, 80, 90, and 100% 1-RM, with the anticipated maximum weight), until the completion of one repetition maximum. Multidimensional movement analysis was made with the measuring system Smart-E (BTS, Italy), which consisted of six infrared cameras (120 Hz) and a wireless module to measure muscle bioelectric activity (Pocket EMG). Results. It was demonstrated that the internal structure of the bench press performed by the bodybuilder and the powerlifter was different. As the time-history of barbell kinematics (the acceleration-time curve) showed, with increased loading of the barbell, the rhythm of the flat bench press changed, and the fluidity of the movement worsened.
Evaluation of Changes in the Parameters of Body Stability in the Participants of a Nine-Day Snowboarding Course
Authors: Staniszewski Michał , Zybko Przemysław , Wiszomirska Ida
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Snowboarding is a sports discipline in which postural control is key to achieving an effective technique. The body is positioned sideways on the snowboard, with only the head facing forward. This study evaluated the effect of several days of intense snowboarding on the parameters of static and dynamic body stability in persons with different levels of skill. Material and methods. A nine-day snowboarding course was designed and conducted with beginner (N = 16) and advanced snowboarders (N = 14) in the mountains in winter. Before and after the course, dynamic body stability was measured on a Biodex Balance System (USA) platform with an unstable surface, and static body stability was measured on a FreeMed Sensor Medica (Italy) stabilometric platform. Results. Measurements on an unstable surface showed significantly weaker (p < 0.01) values of body stability in a lateral stance in the snowboarding stance than in a forward stance and a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in performance after the course. On a stable surface, the improvement in performance (p < 0.05) occurred only among the beginners, in the snowboard basic position. Conclusions. The results confirm that snowboarding, or continuous unstable balance, improves postural control, which leads to the conclusion that the lateral stance on the snowboard is a clearly disruptive factor in natural postural control. This constitutes a considerable difficulty, especially for beginners, who in addition to learning new technical skills, must adapt to continuously shifting balance.
Selected Coordination Motor Abilities of Students of the University of Physical Education During Survival Training
Authors: Tomczak Andrzej , Różański Paweł , Jówko Ewa
Published: July 2017

Introduction. Taking up emergency actions when fighting various types of natural disasters requires appropriate psychophysical preparation. Thanks to the development of technique, coordination motor abilities have gained greater importance than physical strength and endurance in such activities. The purpose of the present work was to assess the impact of 36 hours of survival activities and sleep deprivation on selected coordination motor abilities in students of the University of Physical Education. Material and methods. The study involved 12 male students of the University of Physical Education in Warsaw, specialising in “Physical Education in Uniformed Services”. The age of the participants was 21.0 ± 0.74 years, their body height was 179.5 ± 5.6 cm, and their body mass was 74.6 ± 8.0 kg. The assessment was performed based on the following coordination motor ability tests: a test measuring the differentiation of the use of forearm muscle strength, a running motor adjustment test, and a measurement of divided attention. A test involving shooting from a pneumatic gun and a measurement of the maximal force of the forearm were also carried out. Tests and trials were conducted before training (P1), after 24 hours of training (P2), after completing the training - that is after 36 hours of training (P3), and after 12 hours of rest (P4). During the training, the participants completed 12 km on foot, paddled for approximately 6 hours, rowed kayaks for about 4 hours, and performed survival tasks. Results. The analysis of the results of the study of maximal force and the ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength showed that the forearm muscle strength remained at the same level during the entire training. The ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength deteriorated after night training. There were no statistically significant differences in the results of the running motor adjustment tests and in shooting performance between individual measurements. Conclusions. Participation in long-term survival training with very low intensity, combined with sleep deprivation, caused a temporary deterioration in the ability to differentiate forearm muscle strength. This may indicate that people involved in rescue operations during which the psychophysical load is small will be able to perform tasks correctly for a long time.
Application of Square Msplit Estimation in Determination of Vessel Position in Coastal Shipping
Authors: Zienkiewicz Marek Hubert , Czaplewski Krzysztof
Published: July 2017

The main aim of this paper is to assess the possibility of using non-conventional geodetic estimation methods in maritime navigation. The research subject of this paper concerns robust determination of vessel’s position using a method of parameters estimation in the split functional model (Msplit estimation). The studies performed will help in finding out if and in which situations the application of Msplit estimation as the method for determining vessel’s position is beneficial from the perspective of navigation safety. The results obtained were compared with the results of traditional estimation methods, i.e. least squares method and robust M-estimation.
Middle Rules and Rhumb-Line Sailing
Authors: Petrović Miljenko
Published: July 2017

This work tackles the problem of misconception when using sophisticated mathematical tools, nonlinear optimization in this particular case, to solve a navigational problem. Namely, to reach the Great Circle vertex with two rhumb line legs ensuing the optimized distance, an initial rhumb line course equal to the orthodromic course at middle latitude may be used. The initial course is thereupon optimized by the incremental value steps. The optimized distance is achieved if the rhumb line course is altered towards the vertex at the orthodrome-loxodrome intersection point. As determination of this point cannot be formulated in a closed form, an iterative solution is to be applied. The derived transcendental equation forms a basis for an iterative solution of intersection using the Newton-Raphson method. To the contrary, finding solutions to a system of nonlinear equations can mislead a researcher unable to comprehend and grasp the mathematical meanings of the algorithm. The gist of this essay is a novel concept showing an intrinsic property i.e. orthodrome-loxodrome correlation using a well-known formula.
Experimental Research and CFD Calculations Based Investigations Into Gas Flow in a Short Segment of a Heavily Worn Straight Through Labyrinth Seal
Authors: Joachimiak Damian , Krzyślak Piotr
Published: July 2017

Steam turbines are used as propulsion components in not only power plants but also on merchant and naval ships. The geometry of the steam turbine seals changes throughout the machine life cycle. The rate of deterioration of these seals, in turn, affects heavily the efficiency of the thermal machine. However, the literature overview does not provide any research reports on flow phenomena occurring in heavily deteriorated seals. The paper describes the course and results of investigations into a model straight through labyrinth seal composed of 4 discs, each with the slot height of 2 mm. The investigations have been conducted with air as the working medium. Changes of gas flow parameters due to wear were analysed. Based on the experimental data, more intensive leakage was observed as the result of the increased slot height. The static pressure distribution along the examined segment was measured. The experimentally recorded distribution differed remarkably from the theoretical assumptions. Another part of the experimental research focused on comparing the gas velocities at points situated upstream of the first and second seal disc. The velocity measurements were carried out using a constant temperature wire probe. This part of the investigations provided opportunities for analysing the influence of seal wear on gas flow conditions in the seal segment. The paper compares the results of the experimental research with those obtained using the CFX software. The presented results of velocity distributions provide a clear picture of the nature of the gas flow in the seal, which enables its analysis.
Identifying the Issue of Reducing the Emission of Harmful Compounds in the Exhaust Gas from Marine Main Engines and Description of the Emission Process of These Compounds in Probabilistic Approach
Authors: Łosiewicz Zbigniew
Published: July 2017

The article discusses the results of actions performed by marine engine manufacturers towards the reduction of emission of harmful substances in the exhaust gas from these engines. The discussion is limited to main engines produced by MAN B&W. A model is proposed to describe the process of emission of harmful substances from Diesel engines based on the semi-Markov process, discrete in states and continuous in the operating time. The states of this process are: engine ability state (s1) and engine inability state (s2). A method to calculate probabilities P1 and P2 of the appearance of states s1 and s2 is proposed. State s1 is interpreted as corresponding to the inequality ekek(dop), where ek represents the mass of harmful substances emitted by the engine during its operation and ek(dop) is the maximum mass of emission of these substances permitted by relevant regulations.
Particulate Matter Emission from Dual Fuel Diesel Engine Fuelled with Natural Gas
Authors: Stelmasiak Zdzisław , Larisch Jerzy , Pielecha Jacek , Pietras Dariusz
Published: July 2017

The paper presents the results of examination of particulate matter emission from the Diesel engine FPT 1.3 MJT simultaneously fuelled with diesel oil and natural gas CNG. The basic premise for engine adaptation was the addition of a small amount of CNG to reduce exhaust gas opacity and particulate matter emission. At this assumption, diesel oil remained the basic fuel, with contribution amounting to 0,70-0,85 of total energy delivered to the engine. The dual fuel engine was examined using an original controller installed in the Diesel engine FPT 1.3 MJT which controlled the diesel fuel dose. The dose of the injected natural gas was controlled by changing the opening time of gas injectors at constant pressure in the gas collector. The examined issues included the exhaust gas opacity, and the total number and fractional distribution of the emitted particles. The measurements were performed at twenty selected measuring points corresponding to the New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) test. The performed tests have demonstrated a positive effect of gas addition on exhaust gas opacity and particulate matter emission. Depending on test conditions, the exhaust gas opacity was reduced by 10÷92%, and the total number of particles by 30÷40%. The performed tests have revealed that a small addition of gas can reduce the load of the DPF filter, extend its lifetime, and increase engine reliability. Longer time intervals between successive DPF filter regenerations improve ecological properties of the engine.
Structure and Management of the National Automated System for Permanent Control of the Radiation Gamma Background in Bulgaria
Authors: Dolchinkov Nicolai Todorov , Nichev Nicolai Bonev
Published: July 2017

In the up-to-date complicated political situation it’s imperative to monitor the status of the radiation background not only in Bulgaria, but also in Europe and worldwide. Since 1992 in Bulgaria operates an automated system for permanent control of the radiation gamma background (NASPCRGB). The system has been modernized by means of a European program during its last operation period and is connected with EURDEP - the European System for Exchange of Radiological Data of the European Commission. The operation of the System and its management are assigned to the Executive Environment Agency of the Ministry of Environment and Water Resources. In the present article we have shown the structure of the National Automated System for permanent control of the radiation gamma background (NASPCRGB) and its functions.
Energy Consumption and GGP in the OECD Countries: A Causality Analysis
Authors: Jaiyesimi Mondiu T. , Osinubi Tokunbo S. , Amaghionyeodiwe Lloyd
Published: July 2017

This study investigated the nature or direction of causality between GDP, electricity consumption and total energy consumption in the OECD. Secondary data was used while both the ordinary least square (OLS) and generalized method of moments (GMM) estimators were employed to test for causality in our model. Our result found the presence of a bi-directional causality between energy consumption and GDP for the total energy demand model and between electricity consumption and GDP for the electricity demand model. By implication, the bi-directional causality in our estimated models suggest that both energy consumption and GDP are important factors in economic development in the OECD. Thus, if misguided policy measures are made to reduce energy consumption it could have a detrimental effect on GDP which will slow down economic growth. A recommendation is for policy makers to concentrate on encouraging energy efficiency as a way to reduce energy and electricity consumption.
Electricity Consumption in Botswana:the Role of Financial Development, Industrialisation and Urbanization
Authors: Sekantsi Lira P. , Timuno Sayed
Published: July 2017

Botswana’s electricity supply is overwhelmed by the growing energy demands with the peak electric power deficits being met through imports. This study seeks to understand the key drivers of this increasing electricity demand. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bounds testing and Error Correction Model (ECM), it examines the role played by financial development, industrialisation and urbanization in Botswana’s energy (or more specifically electricity)-growth nexus between 1981 and 2011. The findings reveal that economic growth, financial development and industrialization positively affect electricity consumption in the short-run and long-run. However, urbanization increases electricity consumption only in the long-term. These finding not only support conservation hypothesis but also imply that policy-makers should take into account the increase in electricity demand arising from financial development, urbanization and industrialisation in energy (electricity) consumption planning in the economy to avoid energy crisis. In addition, policy-makers should search and invests in renewable energy sources such as solar to increase access to cheap energy source.
Efficient synthesis of optimal multiband filter
Authors: Bogatyrev Andrei B. , Goreinov Sergei A. , Lyamaev Sergei Yu.
Published: July 2017

A novel analytical approach to the synthesis of electrical (e.g., analogue, digital or microwave) filters is proposed. This approach allows to obtain the lowest possible order filters with given involved specification including, e.g., many pass- and stopbands, narrow transition bands, high attenuation at the stopbands and low magnitude oscillations at the passbands. Comparison to other existing approaches is given.
Monotone discretizations for diffusion equations on triangular and tetrahedral meshes
Authors: Kuznetsov Yuri A.
Published: July 2017

We propose and investigate a new nonconforming finite element method for the diffusion equation on general triangular and tetrahedral meshes. We prove that the method results in the condensed system for the Lagrange multipliers with a diagonally dominant M-matrix. We also prove that the proposed method is monotone with respect to the solution function on the interfaces between mesh cells.
Stabilizing Lateritic Soil Using Terrasil Solution
Authors: Aderinola Olumuyiwa S. , Nnochiri Emeka S.
Published: July 2017

This study assesses stabilizing lateritic soil using Terrasil solution. Preliminary tests were carried out on six natural soil samples from three borrow pit locations-two soil samples from a particular borrow pit location, for the purpose of identification and classification. Soil samples 1 and 2 from borrow pit 3 were found to be poor, hence, needed stabilization. While the other four samples from borrow pits 1 and 2 were found to be good enough. Engineering property tests such as California Bearing Ratio (CBR), Unconfined Compressive Strength (UCS) and Compaction tests were performed on both the natural soil samples and the stabilized lateritic soil samples which were stabilized by adding terrasil solution in percentages ranging from 0% to 16% at 2% interval. The results showed that the addition of terrasil solution enhanced the strength of the two soil samples from borrow pit 3. For soil sample 1, the unsoaked CBR values increased from 8.4% at 0% to optimum value of 30.3% at 12% terrasil solution, while for soil sample 2, the unsoaked CBR values increased from 6.2% to optimum value of 32.0% at 12% terrasil solution. It was therefore concluded that the terrasil solution serves as a cheap and effective stabilizing agent for poor soil.
Comparison of Hexavalent Chromium Leaching Levels of Zeoliteand Slag-based Concretes
Authors: Oravec Jozef , Eštoková Adriana
Published: July 2017

In this experiment, the reference concrete samples containing Portland cement as binder and the concrete samples with the addition of ground granulated blast furnace slag (85% and 95%, respectively as replacement of Portland cement) and other samples containing ground zeolite (8% and 13%, respectively as replacement of Portland cement) were analyzed regarding the leachability of chromium. The prepared concrete samples were subjected to long-term leaching test for 300 days in three different leaching agents (distilled water, rainwater and Britton-Robinson buffer). Subsequently, the concentration of hexavalent chromium in the various leachates spectrophotometrically was measured. The leaching parameters as values of the pH and the conductivity were also studied. This experiment clearly shows the need for the regulation and control of the waste addition to the construction materials and the need for long-term study in relation to the leaching of heavy metals into the environment.
Monitoring the Error Rate of Modern Methods of Construction Based on Wood
Authors: Švajlenka Jozef , Kozlovská Mária
Published: July 2017

A range of new and innovative construction systems, currently developed, represent modern methods of construction (MMC), which has the ambition to improve the performance parameters of buildings throughout their life cycle. Regarding the implementation modern methods of construction in Slovakia, assembled buildings based on wood seem to be the most preferred construction system. In the study, presented in the paper, were searched already built and lived-in wood based family houses. The residents’ attitudes to such type of buildings in the context with declared designing and qualitative parameters of efficiency and sustainability are overlooked. The methodology of the research study is based on the socio-economic survey carried out during the years 2015 - 2017 within the Slovak Republic. Due to the large extent of data collected through questionnaire, only selected parts of the survey results are evaluated and discussed in the paper. This paper is aimed at evaluating the quality of buildings expressed in a view of users of existing wooden buildings. Research indicates some defects, which can be eliminated in the next production process. Research indicates, that some defects occur, so the production process quality should be improved in the future development.
Modeling Košice Green Roofs Maps
Authors: Poorova Zuzana , Vranayova Zuzana
Published: July 2017

The need to house population in urban areas is expected to rise to 66% in 2050, according to United Nations. The replacement of natural permeable green areas with concrete constructions and hard surfaces will be noticed. The densification of existing built-up areas is responsible for the decreasing vegetation, which results in the lack of evapotranspiration cooling the air. Such decreasing vegetation causes urban heat islands. Since roofs and pavements have a very low albedo, they absorb a lot of sunlight. Several studies have shown that natural and permeable surfaces, as in the case of green roofs, can play crucial role in mitigating this negative climate phenomenon and providing higher efficiency for the building, leading to savings. Such as water saving, what is the main idea of this research.
Exclusion: Property Analogies in the Immigration Debate
Authors: Waldron Jeremy
Published: July 2017

By what right do sovereign states prohibit migrants from entering their territories? It cannot be assumed that they do, certainly not as a matter of the way we define “sovereignty.” Can the sovereign right to exclude immigrants be derived from the sovereign’s status as owner of the territory it controls? This Article shows that the idea of the sovereign as owner is too problematic to be the basis of any argument for the right to exclude. It also argues against the proposition that communities, considered as informal sovereigns, have a right to exclude based on their communal property in the land they inhabit. In both cases, an “ownership conception” is distinguished from a more attractive “responsibility conception” of sovereignty. The former remains unclear, while the latter leaves open the question of who the sovereign (state or community) is responsible for.
Property and Sovereignty Imbricated: Why Religion Is Not an Excuse to Discriminate in Public Accommodations
Authors: Singer Joseph William
Published: July 2017

May a hotel owner that objects to same-sex marriage on religious grounds refuse to host a same-sex wedding in its ballroom or deny the couple the right to book the honeymoon suite? Do public accommodation laws oppress religious dissidents by forcing them to act contrary to their religious beliefs or does discriminatory exclusion threaten equal access to the market economy and deny equal citizenship to LGBTQ persons? Answering these questions requires explaining why one property claim should prevail over another and why one liberty should prevail when it clashes with another. And answering those questions requires analysis of the relationship between property and sovereignty.

Sovereign power both creates and regulates the types of property rights that can be tolerated in a free and democratic society that values each person equally. Should we view sovereignty as a threat to property or property as a threat to sovereignty? Libertarians choose the first and liberals the second. But this is the wrong way to understand the relation between property and sovereignty. Property and sovereignty are not separate and independent concepts or spheres of social life that can be brought into relationship with each other. Rather, they are imbricated; they overlap like roof tiles. Our aspiration to live in a free and democratic society places certain constraints on both property and sovereignty. Such societies do not recognize absolute power, whether public or private. Free and democratic societies are committed to a substantive vision of both social relations and politics. We have fruitful debates about property and sovereignty and, in the end, must construct a legal system that effects an acceptable compromise between access and exclusion in the property regime.

Our historic practices regarding racial and other forms of discrimination and our evolving norms suggest that public accommodation laws enable access to the marketplace without regard to invidious discrimination. Religious freedom cannot operate to deny equal citizenship or opportunity. For that reason, a same-sex couple should not have to call ahead to see if they are welcome to book the honeymoon suite. Public accommodation laws do not infringe on legitimate property rights or religious freedoms; rather, they define the legitimate contours of liberty and property in a society that treats each person with equal concern and respect.
Individual Gap Measures from Generalized Zeckendorf Degompositions
Authors: Dorward Robert , Ford Pari L. , Fourakis Eva , Harris Pamela E. , Miller Steven. J. , Palsson Eyvindur A. , Paugh Hannah
Published: July 2017

Zeckendorf's theorem states that every positive integer can be decomposed uniquely as a sum of nonconsecutive Fibonacci numbers. The distribution of the number of summands converges to a Gaussian, and the individual measures on gajw between summands for m € [Fn,Fn+1) converge to geometric decay for almost all m as n→ ∞. While similar results are known for many other recurrences, previous work focused on proving Gaussianity for the number of summands or the average gap measure. We derive general conditions, which are easily checked, that yield geometric decay in the individual gap measures of generalized Zerkendorf decompositions attached to many linear recurrence relations.
Additive Energy and Irregularities of Distribution
Authors: Aistleitner Christoph , Larcher Gerhard
Published: July 2017

We consider strictly increasing sequences (an)n≥1 of integers and sequences of fractional parts ({anα})n≥1 where α ∈ R. We show that a small additive energy of (an)n≥1 implies that for almost all α the sequence ({anα})n≥1 has large discrepancy. We prove a general result, provide various examples, and show that the converse assertion is not necessarily true.
Design as a Social Practice: the Experience of New Build Schools
Authors: Daniels Dora Harry , Tse Hau Ming , Stables Andrew , Cox Sarah
Published: July 2017

Este artigo explora as maneiras pelas quais o design influencia as perceções e ações de estudantes e professores em cinco escolas secundárias do Reino Unido. O entendimento das diferentes práticas desenvolvidas nessas escolas vai além das típicas Avaliações Pós Ocupação (Post Occupancy Evaluations) que enfocam aspectos ambientais, como a aústica, a iluminação e a temperatura, usam métodos quantitativos e frequentemente deixam de explorar a forma como os diferentes fatores ambientais interagem com os usuários, ao longo do tempo time (HYGGE, 2003; GALASIU e VEITCH, 2006; SHAUGHNESSY et al., 2006; WINTERBOTTOM e WILKINS, 2009). Também ocorre uma falta de atenção em relação às maneiras como os processos de ocupação podem modelar as experiências em tais espaços (STABLES, LEAROYD-SMITH, DANIELS e TSE, 2014). A investigação envolveu estudos de casos que objetivavam documentar uma série de assuntos chave discutidos pelos professores e estudantes em cada uma dessas escolas. Os achados contribuem para o desenvolvimento de um entendimento mais holístico sobre as formas como o design pode contribuir para o processo de transformação pedagógica. Argumentamos que os espaços que são projetados para formas específicas de abordagem de ensino e aprendizagem podem ser transformados quando tais espaços são usados na prática (DANIELS et al., 2017 no prelo). Temos evidências de que mudanças subsequentes em termos de liderança frequentemente envolvem modificações adicionais dos espaços e das práticas de ensino e aprendizagem. Neste artigo, acrescentamos a ideia de que essas mudanças têm consequências para a experiência cotidiana de escolarização, como foi evidenciado nos comentários e nas ações dos professors e alunos. Esses aspectos são de particular importância neste momento. O Gabinete Nacional de Auditoria (The National Audit Office) (2017) chamou a atenção para o estado lamentável das construções que abrigam as escolas públicas. Apontou três preocupações: a condição dos prédios, a demanda crescente de vagas e os problemas relativos à entrega de projetos capitais. Fica claro que necessitamos aprender com as experiências e os resultados de abordagens recentes relativas ao design e à construção de novas escolas. Como o Departamento reconhece, desafios significativos permanecem. Espera-se que a condição das escolas piore na medida em que construções em estado ruim, mas não o pior possível, se deteriorem ainda mais. O número de estudantes continua a crecer e as demandas por vagas está voltada para as escolas secundárias, onde tais vagas são de provisão mais complexa e dispendiosa. O Departamento, as autoridades locais e as escolas necessitarão attender essas demandas em um momento em que sua capacidade de realizar programas capitais sofre pressão crescente decorrente da escassez de receita orcamentária.
Thermal-accumulating panel for microclimate support in a room with radioelectronic equipment
Authors: Trofimov V. Ye.
Published: July 2017

In a number of applications the functioning of radio electronic equipment (REO) occurs in rooms located in hard-to-reach regions with climatic conditions that are characterized by significant air temperature fluctuations reaching tens of Celsius degrees. To compensate these fluctuations various microclimate control devices are used. Their common property is necessity to consume electric energy, amount of which in the specified conditions is sufficiently limited. In this regard, the actual task is to minimize energy costs to provide the microclimate REO, for example, by using devices that do not require electrical energy for their operation.
One of the opportunities for solving this problem is using of a thermal-accumulating panel (TAP). It is designed to compensate heat losses from the room with REO at night. The principle of the TAP is based on the absorption and conservation of thermal energy for a period of time during the phase transition of a solid working substance into liquid influenced, for example, by solar radiation.
The construction of such TAP is considered here. Assessments of its operability, characteristics and recommendations for use are given. It is shown that at air temperature of 20 ... 25 C TAP can heat the room for at least 4.6 ... 6.2 hours at 2.5 ... 4.5 hours of sunny weather during daylight hours.
Application of the entropic coefficient for interval number optimization during interval assessment
Authors: Tynynyka A. N.
Published: July 2017

In solving many statistical problems, the most precise choice of the distribution law of a random variable is required, the sample of which the authors observe. This choice requires the construction of an interval series. Therefore, the problem arises of assigning an optimal number of intervals, and this study proposes a number of formulas for solving it. Which of these formulas solves the problem more accurately?
In [9], this question is investigated using the Pearson criterion. This article describes the procedure and on its basis gives formulas available in literature and proposed new formulas using the entropy coefficient. A comparison is made with the previously published results of applying Pearson's concord criterion for these purposes. Differences in the estimates of the accuracy of the formulas are found. The proposed new formulas for calculating the number of intervals showed the best results.
Calculations have been made to compare the work of the same formulas for the distribution of sample data according to the normal law and the Rayleigh law.
Temporal Processing in the Visual Cortex of the Awake and Anesthetized Rat
Authors: Aasebø Ida E. J. , Lepperød Mikkel E. , Stavrinou Maria , Nøkkevangen Sandra , Einevoll Gaute , Hafting Torkel , Fyhn Marianne
Published: July 2017

The activity pattern and temporal dynamics within and between neuron ensembles are essential features of information processing and believed to be profoundly affected by anesthesia. Much of our general understanding of sensory information processing, including computational models aimed at mathematically simulating sensory information processing, rely on parameters derived from recordings conducted on animals under anesthesia. Due to the high variety of neuronal subtypes in the brain, population-based estimates of the impact of anesthesia may conceal unit- or ensemble-specific effects of the transition between states. Using chronically implanted tetrodes into primary visual cortex (V1) of rats, we conducted extracellular recordings of single units and followed the same cell ensembles in the awake and anesthetized states. We found that the transition from wakefulness to anesthesia involves unpredictable changes in temporal response characteristics. The latency of single-unit responses to visual stimulation was delayed in anesthesia, with large individual variations between units. Pair-wise correlations between units increased under anesthesia, indicating more synchronized activity. Further, the units within an ensemble show reproducible temporal activity patterns in response to visual stimuli that is changed between states, suggesting state-dependent sequences of activity. The current dataset, with recordings from the same neural ensembles across states, is well suited for validating and testing computational network models. This can lead to testable predictions, bring a deeper understanding of the experimental findings and improve models of neural information processing. Here, we exemplify such a workflow using a Brunel network model.