bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pattern of Endothelialization in Left Atrial Appendage Occluder by Optic Coherence Tomography: A Pilot Study
Authors: Chen Jien‐Jiun , Chiu Fu‐Chun , Chang Sheng‐Nan , Cheng Hsiao‐Liang , Huang Pang‐Shuo , Wu Cho‐Kai , Wang Yi‐Chih , Hwang Juey‐Jen , Tsai Chia‐Ti
Published: December 2023

Background

Implantation of the left atrial appendage occluder (LAAO) has been proven to prevent stroke effectively in patients with atrial fibrillation who cannot tolerate anticoagulants. Incomplete endothelization of LAAO may cause device‐related thrombus, and currently no good image modality exists to clearly see LAAO endothelialization. We aimed to use coronary optic coherence tomography (OCT) to visualize LAAO endothelialization.

Methods and Results

We enrolled 14 patients (72.8±9.4 years old) undergoing pulmonary vein isolation with a preexisting LAAO implanted more than 1 year ago (5 Watchman and 9 Amulet). After pulmonary vein isolation, we did OCT via steerable sheath and coronary guiding catheter to adjust OCT probe location and injected contrast medium to visualize the LAAO surface. In vitro testing was also performed to see the bare occluder. In vitro OCT showed the surface of the bare device as an interrupted granule pattern, which included the Watchman surface polytetrafluoroethylene membrane string, Amulet disc metal strut, and inner polytetrafluoroethylene membrane string. In the implanted Watchman, OCT showed endothelialization as a smooth surface layer with noninterrupted coarser granules. In the implanted Amulet, OCT showed endothelialization as thin (early) or thick (late) endothelialization layer covering struts with OCT shadows. Among patients with Watchman, 2 showed no, 2 early, and 1 complete endothelialization. Among patients with Amulet, 2 showed no, 3 early, and 4 late endothelialization.

Conclusions

We demonstrated the feasibility of OCT to visualize LAAO endothelization with high resolution. Further studies are needed to determine antithrombotic regimens if incomplete endothelization is detected. A new OCT catheter may be designed specifically for LAAO.
Hemodynamic Effect of Repeated Epinephrine Doses Decreases With Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Cycle Progression
Authors: Roh Young‐Il , Ahn Gyo Jin , Lee Jung Hun , Jung Woo Jin , Kim Soyeong , Im Hyeon Young , Lee Yujin , Im Dahye , Lim Jihye , Hwang Sung Oh , Cha Kyoung‐Chul
Published: December 2023

Background

Epinephrine is administered to increase coronary perfusion pressure during advanced life support and promote short‐term survival. Recent cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines recommend an epinephrine dosing interval of 3 to 5 minutes during resuscitation; however, scientific evidence supporting this recommendation is lacking. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the hemodynamic effects of repeated epinephrine doses during CPR by monitoring augmented blood pressure after its administration in a swine model of cardiac arrest.

Methods and Results

A secondary analysis of data from a published study was performed using a swine cardiac arrest model. The epinephrine dose was fixed at 1 mg, and the first dose of epinephrine was administered after no‐flow and low‐flow times of 2 minutes and 8 minutes, respectively, and subsequently administered every 4 minutes. Four cycles of dosing intervals were defined because a previous study was terminated 26 minutes after the induction of ventricular fibrillation. Augmented blood pressures and corresponding timelines were determined. Augmented blood pressure trends following cycles and the epinephrine effect duration were also monitored. Among the 140 CPR cycles, the augmented blood pressure after epinephrine administration was the highest during the first cycle of CPR and decreased gradually with further cycle repetitions. The epinephrine effect duration did not differ between repeated cycles. The maximum blood pressure was achieved 78 to 97 seconds after epinephrine administration.

Conclusions

Hemodynamic augmentation with repeated epinephrine administration during CPR decreased with cycle progression. Further studies are required to develop an epinephrine administration strategy to maintain its hemodynamic effects during prolonged resuscitation.
Impact of Acute Kidney Injury After Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Nationwide Study
Authors: Petersen Jeppe Kofoed , Østergaard Lauge , Carlson Nicholas , Bager Lucas Grove Vejlstrup , Strange Jarl E. , Schou Morten , Køber Lars , Fosbøl Emil Loldrup
Published: December 2023

Background

In patients undergoing transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR), the impact of acute kidney injury (AKI) on the prognosis and especially on future kidney function has been sparsely examined, and data from large cohorts are warranted.

Methods and Results

With Danish nationwide registries, we identified all patients undergoing TAVR from 2014 to 2021 with no previous dialysis treatment. According to 2 plasma creatinine samples, we identified those suffering a postprocedural AKI within 21 days after TAVR. With 1 year of follow‐up, we compared the associated rates of dialysis treatment and death between patients with and without an AKI using multivariable Cox analysis. Finally, according to the lowest recorded creatinine sample, we assessed the kidney function among AKI survivors between 90 and 180 days after the index date.

We identified 4091 TAVRs: 193 (4.7%) with AKI (55.4% men; median age, 82 years) and 3898 (95.3%) without AKI (57.0% men; median age, 81 years). Compared with those without AKI, patients with AKI showed increased associated 1‐year rates of dialysis treatment (hazard ratio [HR], 7.20 [95% CI, 4.10–12.66]) and death (HR, 2.39 [95% CI, 1.59–3.58]). After 6 months, 74% of AKI survivors had complete kidney recovery, 14.7% had incomplete kidney recovery, 6.3% failed to recover, and 5.1% were on dialysis treatment.

Conclusions

We identified that AKI after TAVR was associated with an increased rate of future dialysis treatment and all‐cause death. Among survivors, 74% had complete kidney recovery within 6 months.
Prosthetic Valve Endocarditis After Aortic Valve Replacement With Bovine Versus Porcine Bioprostheses
Authors: Glaser Natalie , Sartipy Ulrik , Dismorr Michael
Published: December 2023

Background

Whether a bovine or porcine aortic valve bioprosthesis carries a higher risk of endocarditis after aortic valve replacement is unknown. The aim of this study was to compare the risk of prosthetic endocarditis in patients undergoing aortic valve replacement with a bovine versus porcine bioprosthesis.

Methods and Results

This nationwide, population‐based cohort study included all patients who underwent surgical aortic valve replacement with a bovine or porcine bioprosthesis in Sweden from 1997 to 2018. Regression standardization was used to account for intergroup differences. The primary outcome was prosthetic valve endocarditis, and the secondary outcomes were all‐cause mortality and early prosthetic valve endocarditis. During a maximum follow‐up time of 22 years, we included 21 022 patients, 16 603 with a bovine valve prosthesis and 4419 with a porcine valve prosthesis. The mean age was 73 years, and 61% of the patients were men. In total, 910 patients were hospitalized for infective endocarditis: 690 (4.2%) in the bovine group and 220 (5.0%) in the porcine group. The adjusted cumulative incidence of prosthetic valve endocarditis at 15 years was 9.5% (95% CI, 6.2%–14.4%) in the bovine group and 2.8% (95% CI, 1.4%–5.6%) in the porcine group. The absolute risk difference between the groups at 15 years was 6.7% (95% CI, 0.8%–12.5%).

Conclusions

The risk of endocarditis was higher in patients who received a bovine compared with a porcine valve prosthesis after surgical aortic valve replacement. This association should be considered in patients undergoing both surgical and transcatheter aortic valve replacement.
Association of a Heart Failure Management Incentive in Primary Care With Clinical Outcomes: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Benipal Harsukh , Demers Catherine , Cerasuolo Joshua O. , Perez Richard , You John J. , Amin Faizan , Keshavjee Karim , Lee Douglas S.
Published: December 2023

Background

We aim to examine the association between primary care physicians' billing of Q050A, a pay‐for‐performance heart failure (HF) management incentive fee code, and the composite outcome of mortality, hospitalization, and emergency department visits.

Methods and Results

This population‐based cohort study linked administrative health databases in Ontario, Canada, for patients with HF aged >66 years between January 1, 2008, and March 31, 2020. Cases were patients with HF who had a Q050A fee code billed. Cases and controls were matched 1:1 on age, sex, patient status on being rostered to a primary care physician, cardiologist, or internist visit in the 6 months before study enrollment, Johns Hopkins Adjusted Clinical Group resource use bands, days between HF diagnosis and study enrollment (±2 years), and the logit of the propensity score. A Cox proportional hazards model assessed the association of Q050A with the outcome. A total of 59 664 cases had a Q050A billed, whereas 244 883 patients did not. Before matching, patients who had a Q050A billed were more likely to be men (52% versus 49%), were rostered to a primary care physician (100% versus 96%), had a higher Charlson Comorbidity Index, and had higher health care costs. The mean follow‐up was 481 days for cases and 530 days for controls. The composite outcome (hazard ratio, 1.11 [95% CI, 1.09–1.12]) was significantly higher for cases than controls.

Conclusions

The Q050A incentive improved financial compensation for primary care physicians managing patients with HF but was not associated with improvements in the outcome. Research on promoting evidence‐based HF management is warranted.
A Retrospective Cohort Study of the 2018 Angiotensin Receptor Blocker Recalls and Subsequent Drug Shortages in Patients With Hypertension
Authors: Devine Joshua W. , Tadrous Mina , Hernandez Inmaculada , Callaway Kim Katherine , Rothenberger Scott D. , Mukhopadhyay Nandita , Gellad Walid F. , Suda Katie J.
Published: December 2023

Background

Valsartan was recalled by the US Food and Drug Administration in July 2018 for carcinogenic impurities, resulting in a drug shortage and management challenges for valsartan users. The influence of the valsartan recall on clinical outcomes is unknown. We compared the risk of adverse events between hypertensive patients using valsartan and a propensity score–matched group using nonrecalled angiotensin receptor blockers and angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors.

Methods and Results

We used Optum's deidentified Clinformatics Datamart (July 2017–January 2019). Hypertensive patients who received valsartan or nonrecalled angiotensin receptor blockers/angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors for 1 year before and on the recall date were compared. Primary outcomes were measured in the 6 months following the recall and included: (1) a composite measure of all‐cause hospitalization, all‐cause emergency department visit, and all‐cause urgent care visit, and (2) a composite cardiac event measure of hospitalizations for acute myocardial infarction and hospitalizations/emergency department visits/urgent care visits for stroke/transient ischemic attack, heart failure, or hypertension. We compared the risk of outcomes between treatment groups using Cox proportional hazard models. Of the hypertensive patients, 76 934 received valsartan, and 509 472 received a nonrecalled angiotensin receptor blocker/angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitor. Valsartan use at the time of recall was associated with a higher risk of all‐cause hospitalization, emergency department use, or urgent care use (hazard ratio [HR], 1.02 [95% CI, 1.00–1.04]) and the composite of cardiac events (HR, 1.22 [95% CI, 1.15–1.29]) within 6 months after the recall.

Conclusions

The valsartan recall and shortage affected hypertensive patients. Local‐ and national‐level systems need to be enhanced to protect patients from drug shortages by providing safe and reliable medication alternatives.
FAM129A Aggravates the Malignant Progression of Breast Cancer with the Synergistical Interaction with CXCL14
Authors: Yuan Yijie , Zhou Yuxin , Yan Shuixin , Li Jiadi , Wu Weizhu
Published: December 2023

To detect differential levels of FAM129A and CXCL14 in breast cancer samples, and to explore their influences on breast cancer proliferation. Differential levels of FAM129A and CXCL14 in breast cancer samples were examined by qRT-PCR. The correlation between FAM129A level and clinic
pathological factors in breast cancer patients was analyzed. The regulatory effects of FAM129A and CXCL14 on proliferative potential in highly invasive breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and SKBR-3 were assessed by CCK-8 and EdU assay. The interaction between FAM129A and CXCL14 was explored by
bioinformatics analysis and Dual-Luciferase reporter assay. FAM129A was upregulated in breast cancer samples, and it was positively correlated to TNM staging in breast cancer patients. Knockdown of FAM129A markedly attenuated in vitro proliferative ability in breast cancer. CXCL14 was
lowly expressed in breast cancer tissues and cell lines, which was able to inhibit breast cancer proliferation. FAM129A could bind CXCL14 and negatively regulate its level in breast cancer samples. Rescue experiments demonstrated that knockdown of CXCL14 could abolish the inhibited proliferative
ability in breast cancer cells with FAM129A knockdown. FAM129A is upregulated in breast cancer samples with highly invasive potential, and it is linked to TNM staging. It aggravates the malignant proliferation of breast cancer cells by targeting and downregulating CXCL14.
Overexpression of Homeobox Containing1 Relieves Myocardial Fibrosis and Inflammation in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy Rats
Authors: Huang He , Liu Yuan , Su Qiang , Ling Jiayuan
Published: December 2023

This study aimed to investigate the impact of Homeobox containing1 (HMBOX1) on heart structure and function in Diabetic Cardiomyopathy (DCM) rats. DCM is the leading cause of death in diabetic patients, significantly affecting their quality of life. The DCM rat model was created using
a high-fat diet and streptozotocin injection. The success of the model was determined by assessing heart weight, diet, urine output, and cardiac function. HMBOX1 expression in cardiomyocytes of normal and DCM rats was compared. HMBOX1 expression was enhanced in DCM rat cardiomyocytes through
jugular vein injection of HMBOX1 lentivirus. The effects of HMBOX1 on myocardial structure, function, collagen levels, inflammatory factors, and the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in DCM rats were evaluated. DCM rats exhibited increased heart weight, diet, and impaired heart function,
confirming successful model creation. HMBOX1 expression was significantly lower in DCM rat cardiomyocytes compared to the control group. Augmenting HMBOX1 expression in DCM rat cardiomyocytes improved cardiac function, myocardial morphology, and reduced collagen I and collagen III expression.
HMBOX1 also mitigated inflammation in myocardial tissues. Furthermore, HMBOX1 inhibited the TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway in DCM rat cardiomyocytes. Overall, HMBOX1 alleviated DCM by reducing myocardial fibrosis and inflammation via TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway inhibition
Long Intergenic Non-Protein Coding RNA 312 Regulates FRABIN to Inhibit the Occurrence and Development of Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Bai Jigang , Wang Xin , Dai Xiaoqiang
Published: December 2023

We investigated the role of LINC00312 in pancreatic cancer (PC) and its underlying mechanism. LINC00312 levels were assessed in PC tissues and cell lines using qRT-PCR, and its correlation with clinical indicators was analyzed. Overexpression and knockdown models of LINC00312 were created
in PC cell lines. The effects of LINC00312 on PC cell function were evaluated through CCK-8 and Transwell migration assays, and the binding between LINC00312 and the downstream target gene FGD4 was examined using a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. LINC00312 levels were significantly lower
in PC tissues compared to adjacent tissues. High LINC00312 levels were associated with increased incidence of lymphatic and distant metastasis. PC cell lines exhibited downregulated LINC00312 expression. LINC00312 overexpression reduced cell proliferation and migration, while knockdown had
the opposite effect. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assays confirmed that LINC00312 binds to FGD4. Western blot analysis revealed reduced FGD4 levels upon LINC00312 overexpression, and a negative correlation between FGD4 and LINC00312 expression in PC. Moreover, FGD4 promoted
PC cell proliferation and migration, its overexpression counteracted the inhibitory effects of LINC00312 overexpression on PC progression. Downregulation of LINC00312 in PC tissues and cell lines. LINC00312 overexpression suppresses PC cell proliferation and migration by negatively regulating
FGD4. Thus, LINC00312 represents a potential therapeutic target for PC.
LncRNA Small Nucleolar RNA Host Gene 11 Modulates Ferroptosis in Renal Tubular Epithelial Cells via miR-324-3p/GPX4 Axis in Acute Kidney Injury
Authors: Li Xin , Zhang Lei , Chen Guixiang
Published: December 2023

Role of ferroptosis in acute kidney injury (AKI) is not fully uncovered. We aim to explore a novel role that SNHG11/miR-324-3p modulated ferroptosis in AKI via modulating GPX4. To mimic AKI in vivo, 6-week male C57BL/6 mice were administrated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). shRNA
(sh-NC or sh-SNHG11), miRNA antagomir (antagomir-NC or miR-324-3p antagomir), miRNA agomir (agomir-NC and miR-324-3p agomir) were injected in mice to regulate SNHG11 and miR-324-3p, respectively. To stimulate the in vitro model of AKI, HK-2 cells were incubated with LPS for 6 h, followed
by the transfection with shRNA (sh-NC or sh-SNHG11), miRNA mimics (mimics-NC or miR-324-3p mimics), miRNA inhibitor (inhibitor-NC and miR-324-3p inhibitor), respectively. Co-transfection of miR-324-3p mimics and SNHG11-wt decreased the relative luciferase activity, suggesting miR-324-3p was
the target of SNHG11. SNHG11 silence increased miR-324-3p expression in LPS-stimulated HK-2 cells. Both of SNHG11 silence and miR-324-3p upregulation aggravated LPS-induced ferroptosis and kidney injury, and decreased GPX4 whereas downregulation of miR-324-3p inhibited LPS-caused impairment,
and increased GPX4 in AKI models. In AKI models with SNHG11 silence, upregulation of miR-324-3p further enhanced ferroptosis and kidney injury, and resulted in the lower expression of GPX4. Decreased SNHG11 caused miR-324-3p upregulation in renal tubular epithelial cells, which led to GPX4
reduction that trigger ferroptosis in AKI.
Molecular Mechanism of Inhibition of Glioma by Targeting Autophagy Microtubule-Associated Protein 1A/1B-Light Chain 3 Family via miR-16 with Novel Liposome Nanoparticles
Authors: Xing Chunyang , Cai Weiping , Fang Yiru , Wang Qikun , Huang Yan , Wang Yuzhe , Wang Weiwei
Published: December 2023

MiR-16 and other several known oncogenes co-exist in various solid tumors and play carcinogenic roles in many tumors. This study explores whether miR-16 regulates autophagy expression and analyzes the role of targeted nanoparticle intervention in glioma. miR-16 and LC3 expressions were
examined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). They were assessed in normal lymphocytes, low-metastatic glioma, and high-metastatic glioma cell lines as well. The glioma cell line U251 was used to detect and compare the expression of LC3. Flow cytometry detected cell
proliferation and the number of cell invasion and metastasis was detected by Transwell. LC3 mRNA in glioma tissues was evidently increased. The later the Tumor Node Metastasis (TNM) stage, the lower expression of miR-16 and the higher expression of LC3, which is related to TNM stage. LC3 mRNA
in glioma cells was obviously higher than normal cells while miR-16 was lower than the latter. The expression of LC3 in glioma cell line U251 was higher, while miR-16 was lower. Transfection of siRNA-LC3 and targeted nanoparticles could effectively down-regulate the level of LC3 in the glioma
cell line U251. In conclusion, miR-16 is related to the increased expression of LC3 and the enhanced ability of glioma cells to invade and metastasize.
Isolation and Culture of Human Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells by an Improved Method
Authors: Xin Hua , Tian Guang-Hao , Zhang Nian-Ping , Zhou Hong-Jie , Wang Guo-Zong
Published: December 2023

The harvest of BMSCs has been relying on primary culture because construction of mesenchymal stem cell lines is difficult. The whole bone marrow method is a popular method to isolate and culture BMSCs. But the cell purity and extraction efficiency are not satisfactory using the traditional
extraction method. The feasibility of an improved whole bone marrow method for extraction of human BMSCs was explored in our study. After multiple rounds of passage and culture, the cells maintained good morphology and proliferation. The characteristics of human BMSCs were demonstrated via
in vitro trilineage-induced differentiation experiment and flow cytometry analysis. In conclusion, human BMSCs can be extracted and cultured successfully and simply using the improved whole bone marrow method.
Preparation and Osteogenic Properties of β-TCP+HA+GO Composites
Authors: Cheng Xu-Mei , Ma Rui , Zhou Yan-Bing , Li Tao , Lei Sheng-Nan , Zheng Xin , Zhang Hui-Xiao , Liu Mei-Tian , Zhou Jian-Ye , Li Zhi-Qiang
Published: December 2023

Bone defect repair is a hot topic in tissue engineering, and the development of economical and effective bone scaffold materials to achieve the goal of repairing bone defects is an important task for researchers. In this experiment, fresh bovine cancellous bone was used as a xenogeneic
bone material. After two high-temperature calcinations, β-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP) material was obtained. An in-situ co-precipitation method was employed to prepare hydroxyapatite+graphene oxide (HA+GO) composite material. Then, the β-TCP material
was immersed in the HA+GO composite material solution to prepare β-TCP+HA+GO composite material. The surface modification of β-TCP material with HA and GO improved the elastic modulus of the raw material. In vitro cell showed that the composite material was non-toxic,
biocompatible, and promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells on the β-TCP+HA+GO material. Finally, it was found that β-TCP+HA+GO composite material effectively stimulated the actin and mineralization behavior of MC3T3-E1 cells, and promoted the expression of bone-related
factors such as Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Collagen I (COLI), Osteocalcin (OCN), Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 (BMP-2), and Bone Morphogenetic Protein-7 (BMP-7) in MC3T3-E1 cells In conclusion, β-TCP+HA+GO composite material can be applied in the biomedical field as a bone substitute
or repair material.
Low-Level Laser Therapy of Er, Cr: YSGG and Femtosecond on Dentin Adhesion with Bioactive and Resin-Modified Glass Ionomer Cement
Authors: Alkhudhairy Fahad , AlFawaz Yasser
Published: December 2023

Aim: This study examined the shear bond strength (SBS) and mode of failure of bioactive resin cement (BARC) and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) to dentin treated with Er, Cr: YSGG (ECrL) and femtosecond laser (FSL). Methods: 120 non-carious, non-fractured human
molars without prior restorations were selected and processed. The teeth were grouped by surface conditioning. Groups 1 and 5 were untreated controls. Groups 2 and 6 had ECrL surface treatment, while Groups 3 and 7 had FSL. EDTA and Tetric N-Bond Universal conditioned Groups 4 and 8. Groups
1–4 (n = 15) employed BARC for bonding, while Groups 5–8 used RMGIC. A universal testing machine (UTM) tested shear bond strength, and a stereomicroscope studied the failure mode. Comparing findings required means, SDs, ANOVA, and Tukey’s post hoc test. Results:
Group 1, without conditioning, has the lowest BARC-bonded SBS. In Group 4, EDTA+ Tetric N-Bond Universal-conditioned dentin bonded to BARC had the greatest SBS values. In the RMGIC-bonded groups, Group 5 without dentin conditioning had the lowest bond values, while EDTA+ Tetric NBond Universal-conditioned
dentin had the greatest. Conclusion: EDTA and Tetric N-Bond Universal dentin conditioning improves RMGIC and BARC bond strength. This study’s conditioning methods boosted bond strength.
Efficacy of Er.Cr.YSGG Laser, Ti Sapphire Laser and Zinc Pthalocyanine (TM ZnPc) Apical Root Canal Treatment on Smear Layer Removal. A Scanning Electron Microscopy Study
Authors: Alkahtany Mazen F. , Almadi Khalid H.
Published: December 2023

Aims: Comparison of the smear layer-removing capacity of several final irrigants (Er, Cr: YSGG laser (ECL), zinc phthalocyanine (TM-ZnPc), titanium: sapphire laser (Ti)) employed in the apical third of radicular dentin to and ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Material
and Methods: The chamber was opened, and 15 K file established canal patency. TruNatomy prime shaping files treated root canals. Root canal disinfectant was 3 mL of 2.25 NaOCl between each file. After disinfection, the teeth were randomly divided into four groups (n = 10). Groups
1–4:17% EDTA, ECL, Ti: sapphire laser, and TM-ZnPc. The root was separated by chiseling longitudinal grooves on the mesial and distal surfaces. SEM magnification at 5000X was used to evaluate smear layer removal based on dentinal tubule patency in the apical one-third of root canals
using Gutman et al. grading system. IBM-SPSS 23.0 analyzed data. One-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc test compared groups. p =0.05. Results: Group-2 (NaOCl+ECL) specimens removed the most smear layer. Group-4 (NaOCl+TM-ZnPc) removed the least smear layer. Group-1 (NaOCl+EDTA),
Group-2, and Group-3 (NaOCl+Ti sapphire laser) showed equivalent smear layer removal efficacy. Conclusion: Er: Cr, YSGG, and Ti: sapphire laser with sodium hypochlorite has the potential to remove the apical third smear layer.
Why Monsters Are Dangerous
Authors: Morin Olivier , Sobchuk Oleg
Published: December 2023

Monsters and other imaginary animals have been conjured up by a wide range of cultures. Can their popularity be explained, and can their properties be predicted? These were long-standing questions for structuralist or cognitive anthropology, as well as literary studies and cultural evolution. The task is to solve the puzzle raised by the popularity of extraordinary imaginary animals, and to explain some cross-cultural regularities that such animals present—traits like hybridity or dangerousness. The standard approach to this question was to first investigate how human imagination deals with actually existing animals. Structuralist theory held that some animals are particularly “good to think with.” According to Mary Douglas's influential hypothesis, this was chiefly true of animals that disrupt intuitive classifications of species—the “monsters-as-anomalies” account. But this hypothesis is problematic, as ethnobiology shows that folk classifications of biological species are so plastic that classificatory anomalies can be disregarded. This led cognitive anthropologists to propose alternative versions of the “monsters as anomalies” account. Parallel to this, a second account of monsters—“monsters-as-predators”—starts from the importance of predator detection to our past survival and reproduction, and argues that dangerous features make animals “good to think with,” and should be overrepresented in imaginary animals. This article argues that both accounts understand something about monsters that the other account cannot explain. We propose a synthesis of these two accounts that attempts to explain why the two most characteristic aspects of monsters, anomalousness and predatoriness, tend to go together.
The Lateral Supraorbital Approach: 2-Dimensional Operative Video
Authors: Andrade-Barazarte Hugo , Hernesniemi Juha
Published: December 2023

INDICATIONS:

The lateral supraorbital approach (LSO), a minimally invasive alternative to the pterional approach, can be used for anterior circulation aneurysms (except distal anterior cerebral artery), some posterior circulation aneurysms, and tumors located around the sellar and suprasellar regions.

ANATOMIC ESSENTIALS:

Performing one-layer myocutaneous flap that is retracted anteriorly, exposure of the superior temporal line, and zygomatic process of the frontal bone and the inferior limit of the craniotomy represent the upper edge of the Sylvian fissure, exposing the anterolateral skull base.

ESSENTIALS STEPS:

Skin incision behind the hairline, one-layer myocutaneous flap retracted anteriorly, minimal detachment of the temporalis muscle, burr hole over the superior temporal line, and craniotomy of 4 cm in diameter (inferior limit of the craniotomy represents the Sylvian fissure).

PITFALLS/AVOIDANCE OF COMPLICATIONS:

Potential risks include opening of the frontal sinus, entering the orbit and exposure of the orbital fat, wrong craniotomy location, and limited exposure. Inadequate craniotomy size limits instruments maneuverability. To avoid complication, identification of anatomic landmarks, sinus closure, preoperative evaluation of computed tomography scans, and use of neuronavigation are necessary. This requires surgical expertise and familiarity of minimal invasive craniotomies.

VARIANTS/REASONS:

Anatomic limitations of the LSO include temporomesial region, distal Sylvian +/−, posterior communicating artery aneurysms medial projection, retro carotid space, and carotid cave. For pathologies requiring an additional lateral trajectory, we use an extended LSO, drilling the sphenoid wing through the fronto-pterio-orbital window without drilling of the temporal bone. Additional variations include performing an intradural or extradural clinoidectomy. The patient consented to the procedure and to the publication of their image.
The ongoing evolution of mentorship: Advancing the formal mentorship program at AKU-SONAM
Authors: Rehman Rehana , Ali Tazeen Saeed , Khalid Saira , Ali Rahila
Published: December 2023

Objective: To investigate the perceptions of mentors, mentees, administrators (including chairs, co-chairs, and coordinators of the mentoring program), and leadership regarding the Faculty Mentorship Program at AKU School of Nursing and Midwifery (AKU-SONAM). Additionally, the study aimed to explore the strengths and challenges faced by the program.

Methods: A qualitative exploratory study on mentorship was carried out in AKU-SONAM from February till December 2021. In this study we conducted purposive criterion sampling. The study participants included mentors, mentees, administrators, and the dean of AKU-SONAM. An interview guide was developed, validated, and reviewed by experts. After piloting, two focused group discussions and three in-depth interviews were conducted.

Results: Thematic analysis of the data revealed the following themes: “Nurturing growth and development in mentoring relationships,” “Establishing a strong foundation for effective mentoring,” and “Opportunities for growth and development through overcoming challenges.”

Conclusion: The participants expressed confidence in the existing support system, leadership, and mentorship program at the institution. They highlighted the significance of regular monitoring to recognize areas of improvement uphold high standards and ensure excellence.

doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8212

How to cite this: Rehman R, Ali TS, Khalid S, Ali R. The ongoing evolution of mentorship: Advancing the formal mentorship program at AKU-SONAM. Pak J Med Sci. 2024;40(3):514-519. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.40.3.8212

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONSIDERATION OF INDUSTRY FEATURES WHEN IMPLEMENTING THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF THE PENSION SYSTEM OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION (BY THE EXAMPLE OF AGRICULTURE)
Authors: Balynin Igor
Published: December 2023

The development of the pension system of the Russian Federation is ensured through the implementation of the Strategy adopted for the period until 2030. At the same time, industry characteristics and specifics of individual types of economic activity are not reflected. As part of the implementation of programs for import substitution and ensuring food security, it is extremely important to ensure a decent level of social protection for citizens employed in agriculture. It was revealed that agricultural workers can apply for insurance pensions in the amount of 12,483.98 rubles to 37,216.17 rubles (depending on the insurance period, the category affecting the salary, and the right to a 25% increase in the fixed payment). Currently, the minimum target value limit (2.5) is crossed only by managers of agricultural organizations with at least 30 years of experience. Moreover, in the study period, a reduction in this ratio was revealed from 2.60 to 2.54 (with 30 years of experience) and from 2.94 to 2.86 (with 35 years of experience). In order to solve the identified problems, the author proposes to supplement the Strategy for the Development of the Pension System until 2030 with provisions on the need to bring the average pension to 2.5-3 subsistence minimums, not only for the economy as a whole, but also for certain types of economic activity. It seems possible to reduce the existing gap by establishing a double fixed payment for all agricultural workers, regardless of place of residence. In order to fairly determine the amount of insurance pensions for citizens with a short period of insurance experience, it seems possible to pay an additional fixed payment in proportion to the ratio of the actual insurance experience and 30 years (currently enshrined in law for receiving a 25% premium to the fixed payment).
Implementation of a set of condition for pedagogical support of the existential choice of a member of a group of different ages at the place of residence (based on the materials of a pilot studi)
Authors: Devyaterikova Elena
Published: December 2023

Implementation of a set of conditions for pedagogical support of the existential choice of a member of a group of different ages at the place of residence (based on the materials of a pilot study) Annotation: In the article, the author considers such concepts as existential choice, pedagogical support, reveals the components of the model of pedagogical support for the existential choice of a participant in the RVO and the conditions for the success of its implementation, developed taking into account the specifics of the interaction of different ages, among which are the following: - realization of the subjective position of the participants of the group of different ages; - the eventfulness of the activities of a detachment of different ages; - creation of situations of overcoming. The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of forms and methods that ensure the implementation of the conditions for pedagogical support of the existential choice of a member of a group of different ages and contribute to the formation of a subject position in children, the ability to overcome difficult life situations, motivation for self-development in the course of reflection of events. The article is intended for leaders of temporary groups of different ages at the place of residence, as well as teachers working with children's associations of different ages in the system of additional and general education.
Research of educational potential of the project "film education of youth" for sighted and blind students
Authors: Maksimova S.
Published: December 2023

The article describes the results of the study of psychological qualities and attitudes to the moral categories of sighted and blind students studying filmmaking. The psychological characteristics of students belonging to different types of creative activity – "asterisks", "problematic" and recommendations for them are described. The educational effects of the project are revealed – changes in the motivational sphere, attitude to moral categories, the creation of their own creative works, awareness of life meanings and priorities, the ability to formulate and justify their own point of view, creative tasks and solutions in the process of interaction with masters and teamwork.
Value attitude to pedagogical knowledge as a condition for overcoming cognitive difficulties of students in the learning process
Authors: Sergeeva A.
Published: December 2023

The article deals with the ways of formation of valuable attitude to pedagogical knowledge among the undergraduate students of pedagogical university. The relationship between this process and the mechanism of overcoming cognitive difficulties of motivational, cognitive, organizational and reflexive nature is analyzed. The specificity of organizing discussions in the form of a class, aimed at forming students' understanding of the importance of pedagogical activity is described. The experience of the Institute of Innovative Educational Practices in organizing research activities of undergraduate students within the framework of the conference "Teacher: Mastery and Inspiration" is considered.
All-Russian forum “Pedagogical excellence is the basis for success in additional education of children”, dedicated to the 200th anniversary of K.D. Ushinsky
Authors: Gridasova S.
Published: December 2023

The article presents information on the results of the interactive creative forum dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the great teacher and mentor Konstantin Dmitrievich Ushinsky “Pedagogical skill is the basis for success in additional education of children,” which was organized by the All-Russian Center for the Development of Artistic Creativity and Humanitarian Technologies under the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation and held in Moscow on May 31, 2023.
Ways to implement state policy to preserve and strength-en traditional values when developing a school course "The world around us"
Authors: Borisov V. , Lovyagin S.
Published: December 2023

The article shows the main ways of implementing the state policy in the field of preserving and strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral values in the development of the «The World Around Us» course, reflected in the concept of the textbook for elementary school. The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation on the theme № 123052200079-1 (EGISU R&D) «Development of the concept of teaching school courses "The World Around Us", "Social Studies", "Russian language", "Literature" in order to preserve and strengthen traditional Russian spiritual and moral values». The key results of the examination of the current federal work program «The World Around Us» for the implementation of the goals and objectives of the Decree of the President of the Russian Federation of 09.11.2022 № 809 «On Approval of the Fundamentals of State Policy for the Preservation and Strengthening of Traditional Russian Spiritual and Moral Values». Examples of the implementation of the state policy in the field of preserving and strengthening traditional Russian spiritual and moral values in the content of the course and the concept of the textbooks «The World Around Us» for grades 1-4 are given.
EXPLICIT AND IMPLICIT MARKERS OF CONFLICT SPEECH BEHAVIOR IN INTERNET-MEDIATED COMMUNICATION DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Gukos'yanc O. , Alimuradov O.
Published: December 2023

Introduction. The Internet leaves a significant imprint on the features of the construction and means of implementing conflict communication. The calculation of these tools allows us to differentiate communicative conflicts on the Internet with a sufficient degree of clarity and suppress them.

Aim. Identification and comprehensive study of the conflict speech behavior in the process of exchanging comments on posts in the LiveJournal for the period from January 2020 to December 2022.

Methodology and research methods. A continuous sampling method is used to select study material, a method of complex communicative-pragmatic analysis provides the assessment of comments as conflicting, linguostylistic analysis and contextual analysis contribute to detect the explicit and implicit markers of conflict interaction.

Results. Detected explicit markers: profanity, zoometaphores, negative facial nomination from the point of view of origin, mental development, health status, level of education, from the point of view of the interests of society, occasionalism of the pandemic period, naming of the interlocutor as representatives of hostile ideology, emotive verbs with negative meaning, neutral device nominations when referring to the interlocutor, lexical means with threat, isolation, vaccinating semantics. Detected implicit markers: means that contribute to the construction of a dichotomy "own - alien", phraseologisms with negative connotations, an abundance of punctuation marks, Internet memes for the transmission of emotions, typeface, parcellated constructions, English-language interspersions, erratives, multiple questions, incomplete sentences, parallel constructions, repetitions, imperatives, subjunctive mood in an incentive meaning, modal words with the semantics of dignity. Means-enhancers of conflict interaction: adversative conjunctions, hyperbolization, phonetic pun, indefinite pronouns, double negation, adverbs-intensifiers, amplifying-excretory particles.

Scientific novelty. A wide range of verbal and non-verbal means that show conflict explicitly and implicitly has been identified.

Practical significance. We believe that the achieved results will ensure the regulation of the increase in conflict situations on the Internet.
Smart drugs among students – multidimensional view on present ways of cognitive enhancement
Authors: Pisera Piotr , Kiełkowicz Aleksandra , Pactwa Filip , Popińska Zuzanna , Żmuda Bartłomiej , Ślusarczyk Daniel , Jakubowska Wiktoria , Żuberek Michał
Published: December 2023

Background: Nootropic drugs, at the beginning of their career, were used in the treatment of diseases such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Alzheimer's disease and narcolepsy. Nowadays, they are becoming more and more popular among students, where they are often called smart drugs or cognitive enhancers. Their properties that improve intellectual abilities and cognitive functions are used to, among other things, improve academic performance.

Aim of the study: The purpose of this article was to summarize the current state of knowledge relating to the use of smart drugs among students. This study discusses the multidimensional issues of using this group of drugs.

Material and methods: A cross-sectional search of relevant literature was performed in databases using accepted wording. Publications from 2003-2023 were included. The entire process has been supplemented with additional procedures to increase the reliability of this publication.

Results: In most sources, the most common representative of smart drugs turned out to be methylphenidate. Nootropics were most often obtained by obtaining a prescription from a doctor, online trading or from friends. The factors motivating the use of substances from this group are primarily the desire to improve academic results, competitiveness and the number of obligations at the university. There are many risks associated with their use, but students are more aware of the positive effects.

Conclusion: This paper presents various dimensions of the progressive spread of nootropic drugs. In addition to their undeniably positive effects, there are many risks, which are discussed in this article. Students' awareness should be formed through appropriate educational methods.
Student Scientific Club in Research for Road Safety
Authors: Wiesław Jaszczur  , Zofia Marciniak
Published: December 2023

Aim: Presentation of the potential of the student scientific club for road safety in Poland. Discuss the extent to which the student scientific club in its research activities supports and implements the concepts of identifying road safety risks and submits proposals for improving its condition and related processes. Project and methods: In the research on the visibility of vulnerable traffic participants, a theoretical method – NUR threat analysis – was used to define the research problem.A research problem was formulated in the form of a question: to what extent and under what conditions does NUR visibility affect their safety? Visibility tests were conducted in real conditions after dusk. The following recording devices were used to study the movement parameters of modern means of transportation (bicycles and electric scooters): a Gopro camera, a Sony IV RX10 camera (which realizes 4D recording), a drone with a vision camera, and a Brake Tester retarder. Results: The study of the visibility of vulnerable traffic participants from the perspective of the driver presents parameters for the visibility of pedestrians and cyclists in conditions after dusk. Participants (students) in the visibility study were made aware of the issue of visibility, and therefore the safety of the traffic participant in the situation of illuminated vehicle (bicycle) and without lighting, as well as a pedestrian on the road without a reflective element. They formulated the conclusion that seeing does not mean being seen.The result of the single-track motion tests was that the Brake Tester Model LWS -2/MC retarder, after the performance test, does not provide a measurement of the single-track motion parameters. This is an important practical finding from the research, as vehicle inspection stations are equipped with this device. The acceleration and deceleration values of the bicycle and electric scooter were determined Conclusions: The research activities of the students of the scientific club in question not only make them aware of the risk factors of becoming a victim of an accident as a vulnerable traffic participant, but also allow them to deepen their knowledge, broaden their cognitive perspectives and supplement their skills through practical activities, for example, in the area of NUR visibility determinants or the characteristics of powered vehicles. The transfer of the results of the conducted research is carried out through the participation of students in seminars and scientific conferences, as well as in journalistic activities. Keywords: scientific club, vulnerable road user, education