bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and properties of novel benzobisthiazole‐containing hyperbranched polyamides derived from 2,6‐diaminobenzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d']bisthiazole
Authors: Hu Xiaobing
Published: February 2016

In this article, two novel benzobisthiazole‐containing hyperbranched polyamides with different end groups were synthesized, by adjusting the feed molar ratio of the reaction monomers, using 1,3,5‐benzenetricarboxylic acid and 2,6‐diaminobenzo[1,2‐d:4,5‐d']bisthiazole as monomers, polyphosphoric acid as solvent, and catalyst. The molecular structure of the synthesized hyperbranched polymers were speculated by 1H‐nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, 13C‐NMR analysis, and Fourier transform infrared analysis. The Mn, Mw, and DB of the carboxyl terminated polymer HB‐COOH are 3264 g/mol, 3350 g/mol, and 44.1%, respectively, with a polydispersity of 1.03. The Mn, Mw, and DB of amino terminated polymer HB‐NH2 are 3340 g/mol, 3420 g/mol, and 41.7%, respectively, with a polydispersity of 1.02. The thermal stability of HB‐NH2 was higher than HB‐COOH in the range of 30 °C–800 °C.These two benzobisthiazole‐containing hyperbranched polyamides were completely amorphous and soluble in DMSO. Their DMSO solutions exhibited strong blue fluorescence. The fluorescent intensity of HB‐NH2 was higher than HB‐COOH. The prepared polymers were potential useful in the area of blue light emitting and display. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43453.
Polyurethane/poly(ethylene‐co‐ethyl acrylate) and functional carbon black‐based hybrids: Physical properties and shape memory behavior
Authors: Kausar Ayesha , Siddiq Muhammad
Published: February 2016

A polyurethane (PU) was developed from poly(dimethylamine‐co‐epichlorohydrin‐co‐ethylenediamine) (PDMAE) and polyethylene glycol (PEG) as soft segment and 2,4‐toluene diisocyanate (TDI) incorporating as hard segment. Later PU was blended with poly(ethylene‐co‐ethyl acrylate) (PEEA). Poly(vinyl alcohol)‐functionalized carbon black (CB‐PVA) nanoparticles was used as filler. The structure, morphology, mechanical, crystallization, and shape memory behavior (heat and voltage) were investigated methodically. Due to physical interaction of the blend components, unique self‐assembled network morphology was observed. The interpenetrating network was responsible for 83% rise in tensile modulus and 46% increase in Young's modulus of PU/PEEA/CB‐PVA 1 hybrid compared with neat PU/PEEA bend. Electrical conductivity was increased to 0.2 Scm−1 with 1 wt % CB‐PVA nanofiller. The original shape of sample was almost 94% recovered using heat induced shape memory effect while 97% recovery was observed in an electric field of 40 V. Electroactive shape memory results were found better than heat stimulation effect. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43481.
Beyond marine paper parks? Regulation theory to assess and address environmental non‐compliance
Authors: Pieraccini Margherita , Coppa Stefania , De Lucia G. Andrea
Published: February 2016

1. Many marine protected areas (MPAs) around the world are ‘paper parks’. A key factor contributing to their ineffectiveness is non‐compliance with the rules in place.

2. This paper contributes to the existing academic discussion on ‘paper parks’ by drawing on critical regulation scholarship to develop a theoretical framework to assess and address compliance gaps in MPAs.

3. The theoretical insights are then explored using a case study of the second largest Italian MPA (the ‘Penisola del Sinis‐Isola di Mal di Ventre’), employing a multidisciplinary perspective built on both biological and socio‐legal expertise.

4. The biological study consists of a review including existing unpublished data on biological resources in the MPA coupled with new analyses on the effects of sea urchin harvesting restrictions. The socio‐legal research consists of the analysis of primary qualitative research in the form of semi‐structured interviews conducted with key stakeholders at the local and regional level in 2014, followed by two workshops (one with stakeholders and one with the general public) in 2015 to discuss the research findings collectively.

5. The results show that the Sinis MPA is not achieving its conservation goals, primarily because of actors' non‐compliance with the rules. The interviews with key stakeholders reveal a number of interlinked social, normative and calculative motivations at the basis of non‐compliance. Policy solutions are then offered.

6. This study offers a novel analysis on ‘paper parks’ that may be applicable to other MPAs experiencing similar compliance issues. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
CD4+ and CD8+ CD28null T Cells Are Cytotoxic to Autologous Muscle Cells in Patients With Polymyositis
Authors: Pandya Jayesh M. , Venalis Paulius , Al‐Khalili Lubna , Shahadat Hossain Mohammad , Stache Vanessa , Lundberg Ingrid E. , Malmström Vivianne , Fasth Andreas E. R.
Published: February 2016

Objective

Inflammatory T cell infiltrates in the skeletal muscle tissue of patients with polymyositis are dominated by CD28‐negative effector (CD28null) T cells of both the CD4 and CD8 lineage. These cells are potentially cytotoxic, and the aim of the present study was to develop a fully autologous cell culture system in which to investigate the functional contribution of such CD28null T cells to myotoxicity.

Methods

In vitro cocultures of autologous skeletal muscle cells and T cell subsets obtained from 5 polymyositis patients were performed. Myotoxicity of T cells was quantified by calcein release and flow cytometric analyses. T cell degranulation was blocked with concanamycin A. Specific blocking of perforin, cytokines, and HLA was performed using antibodies.

Results

Both CD4+CD28null and CD8+CD28null T cells induced more muscle cell death than did their CD28+ counterparts. Differentiated muscle cells (myotubes) were more sensitive to T cell–mediated cell death than were their precursors (myoblasts). Both CD8+ and CD4+ CD28null T cells displayed perforin polarization toward muscle cells and secreted higher levels of granzyme B and interferon‐γ (IFNγ) in coculture than did CD28+ T cells. The myotoxic effects of CD28null T cells were reduced upon the blocking of perforin, cytokines, and HLA. Addition of IFNγ or tumor necrosis factor did not induce skeletal muscle cell death in the absence of T cells; however, it did up‐regulate HLA expression on muscle cells.

Conclusion

Myotoxicity of CD4+ and CD8+ CD28null T cells is mediated by directed perforin‐dependent killing and can be further influenced by IFNγ‐induced HLA expression on muscle cells. The data suggest that CD28null T cells are key effector cells that contribute to the muscle cell damage in polymyositis.
Light‐Harvesting Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Inactivation of Bacteria under Both Visible and Near‐Infrared Excitations
Authors: Hu Bo , Cao Xian , Ahmadov Ms. Tevhide Ozkaya , Ding Rui , Tang Hong , Zhang Peng
Published: February 2016

We report a hybrid singlet oxygen production system, where strong resonance coupling between plasmonic nanoparticles and photosensitizing molecules results in exceptionally high singlet oxygen production under both visible light and near‐infrared light excitation, even for the photosensitizing molecules without near‐infrared absorption. The light‐harvesting property of the plasmon‐photosensitizer hybrids leads to an enhanced, broad‐spectrum photodynamic inactivation of bacteria under a wide range of excitations, including that with near‐infrared light.
Aromatic Monochlorination Photosensitized by DDQ with Hydrogen Chloride under Visible‐Light Irradiation
Authors: Ohkubo Kei , Fujimoto Atsushi , Fukuzumi Shunichi
Published: February 2016

Photochlorination of aromatic substrates by hydrogen chloride with 2,3‐dichloro‐5,6‐cyano‐p‐benzoquinone (DDQ) occurs efficiently to produce the corresponding monochlorinated products selectively under visible‐light irradiation. The yields for the chlorination of phenol were 70 % and 18 % for p‐ and o‐chlorophenol, respectively, without formation of further chlorinated products. The photoinduced chlorination is initiated by electron transfer from Cl− to the triplet excited state of DDQ. The radical intermediates involved in the photochemical reaction have been detected by time‐resolved transient absorption measurements.
Quantification based on dimensionless dendrometry and drying of residual biomass from the pruning of orange trees in Bolivar province (Ecuador)
Authors: Velázquez‐Martí Borja , Gaibor‐Chávez Juan , Pérez‐Pacheco Sergio
Published: February 2016

In this work, a new approach to evaluating the amount of residual biomass obtained from orange trees based on normalization of variables is proposed for Bolivar province, Ecuador. So far, several models to quantify the amount of residues obtained from pruning have been proposed from dendrometric and cultivation variables, such as height, crown diameter, stem diameter, area per plant, yield, and age. However, the high dispersion of their values, caused by uncontrolled conditions, gave models with a low‐medium coefficient of determination. The aim of this work has been to develop several models in order to predict wet available biomass using dimensionless dendrometric parameters from height, diameter and height of the crown, and the stem height. They improved the coefficients of determination to 0.94 for the global mathematical model. The drying process of pruned materials has also been analyzed. Residual biomass with 50% initial moisture content was dried outdoors on cement and agricultural soil until it reached constant moisture content. Models used to describe the drying process of agricultural products were employed to fit the observed data of the drying process of orange tree chips. Among the tested models, the Midili and Page models were those that best fitted the observed data in the drying process. The information offered by these equations is of vital importance because they help estimate the amount of biomass that is generated in a given area, and the implementation geographic information system (GIS) maps. In addition, logistic algorithms can be applied. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
Fifty years of A‐level mathematics: have standards changed?
Authors: Jones Ian , Wheadon Chris , Humphries Sara , Inglis Matthew
Published: February 2016

Advanced‐level (A‐level) mathematics is a high‐profile qualification taken by many school leavers in England, Wales, Northern Ireland and around the world as preparation for university study. Concern has been expressed in these countries that standards in A‐level mathematics have declined over time, and that school leavers enter university or the workplace lacking the required mathematical knowledge and skills. The situation in England, Wales and Northern Ireland reflects more general international concerns about decreasing educational standards. However, evidence to support this concern has been of limited scope, rarely subjected to peer‐review and of questionable validity. Our study overcame the limitations of previous research into standards over time by applying a comparative judgement technique that enabled the direct comparison of mathematical performance across different examinations. Furthermore, unlike previous research, all examination questions were re‐typeset and candidate responses rewritten to reduce bias arising from surface cues. Using this technique, mathematics experts judged A‐level scripts from the 1960s, 1990s and the 2010s. We report that the experts believed current A‐level mathematics standards to have declined since the 1960s, although there was no evidence that they believed standards have declined since the 1990s. We contrast our findings with those from previous comparison studies and consider implications for future research into standards over time.
Time for reassessment of remote ischaemic preconditioning
Authors: Gaunt M E
Published: February 2016

Not yet condemned
Non‐stop lab week: A real laboratory experience for life sciences postgraduate courses
Authors: Freitas Maria João , Silva Joana Vieira , Korrodi‐Gregório Luís , Fardilha Margarida
Published: February 2016

At the Portuguese universities, practical classes of life sciences are usually professor‐centered 2‐hour classes. This approach results in students underprepared for a real work environment in a research/clinical laboratory. To provide students with a real‐life laboratory environment, the Non‐Stop Lab Week (NSLW) was created in the Molecular Biomedicine master program at the University of Aveiro, Portugal. The unique feature of the NSLW is its intensity: during a 1‐week period, students perform a subcloning and a protein expression project in an environment that mimics a real laboratory. Students work autonomously, and the progression of work depends on achieving the daily goals. Throughout the three curricular years, most students considered the intensity of the NSLW a very good experience and fundamental for their future. Moreover, after some experience in a real laboratory, students state that both the techniques and the environment created in the NSLW were similar to what they experience in their current work situation. The NSLW fulfills a gap in postgraduate students' learning, particularly in practical skills and scientific thinking. Furthermore, the NSLW experience provides skills to the students that are crucial to their future research area. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44:297–303, 2016.
Figure analysis: A teaching technique to promote visual literacy and active Learning
Authors: Wiles Amy M.
Published: February 2016

Learning often improves when active learning techniques are used in place of traditional lectures. For many of these techniques, however, students are expected to apply concepts that they have already grasped. A challenge, therefore, is how to incorporate active learning into the classroom of courses with heavy content, such as molecular‐based biology courses. An additional challenge is that visual literacy is often overlooked in undergraduate science education. To address both of these challenges, a technique called figure analysis was developed and implemented in three different levels of undergraduate biology courses. Here, students learn content while gaining practice in interpreting visual information by discussing figures with their peers. Student groups also make connections between new and previously learned concepts on their own while in class. The instructor summarizes the material for the class only after students grapple with it in small groups. Students reported a preference for learning by figure analysis over traditional lecture, and female students in particular reported increased confidence in their analytical abilities. There is not a technology requirement for this technique; therefore, it may be utilized both in classrooms and in nontraditional spaces. Additionally, the amount of preparation required is comparable to that of a traditional lecture. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):336–344, 2016.
RT‐qPCR demonstrates light‐dependent AtRBCS1A and AtRBCS3B mRNA expressions in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves
Authors: Chang Ming‐Mei , Li Anna , Feissner Robert , Ahmad Talal
Published: February 2016

Reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) is widely used in diagnosis and research to determine specific mRNA expressions in cells. As RT‐qPCR applications increase, it's necessary to provide undergraduates hands‐on experience of this modern technique. Here, we report a 3‐week laboratory exercise using RT‐qPCR to demonstrate the light‐dependent expressions of AtRBCS1A and AtRBCS3B genes encoding two Arabidopsis thaliana small subunits of the ribulose 1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco). In the first week, students purified and quantified total RNA from leaves of A. thaliana pretreated in the dark for 96 hr and untreated controls. In the second week, RNA samples were separated by formaldehyde gel electrophoresis and used for RT‐qPCR. Students calculated expressions of the two genes in dark treated leaves as percentages of those of the controls by using the 2−ΔΔCT method and the collected CTs. In the third week, class CTs, melting curves, students' calculations, and factors affecting the reliability of RT‐qPCR results were summarized and discussed. Students' results show that (i) relatively pure and intact RNA samples are obtained; (ii) ACTIN2 is a better reference gene than the 18S rRNA; (iii) the dark treatment reduces both gene expressions to < 1%; (iv) the reduction in the expression of AtRBCS3B is significantly more than that of the AtRBCS1A. Results from pre‐ and post‐lab tests indicate that besides the theory, this exercise helps students learn the applications and associated techniques of RT‐qPCR. Future modifications and new experiments that can be developed based on students' learning outcomes and assessment are also discussed. © 2016 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 44(4):405–411, 2016.
Development and validation of a UHPLC‐UV method for the determination of a prostate secretory protein 94‐derived synthetic peptide (PCK3145) in human plasma and assessment of its stability in human plasma
Authors: El Mubarak Mohamed A. , Leontari Iliana , Danika Charikleia , Katsila Theodora , Sivolapenko Gregory
Published: February 2016

PCK3145 is a synthetic peptide, derived from the Prostate Secreted Protein 94 (PSP94), with promising in vitro and animal in vivo results in prostate cancer. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a fast and robust ultra‐high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection for the determination of PCK3145 in human plasma which would be suitable for the assessment of PCK3145 stability to proteolytic degradation. Following protein precipitation, chromatographic separation was carried out on an Aeris Peptide C18 column with mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile–water at a flow‐rate of 0.50 mL/min. The calibration curve was linear over the range 0.50–20.00 μg/mL. Intra‐ and inter‐day percentage relative standard deviation and relative error were ≤10%. The limit of detection and the lower limit of quantification were 0.15 and 0.50 μg/mL, respectively. Recovery of PCK3145 from human plasma was ≥96%. The peptide presented high stability in whole blood and in human plasma (>98% intact peptide after 24 h incubation at 37°C in human plasma), which represents a distinctive advantage in the therapeutic use of the compound. This is the first validated UHPLC method for the determination of PCK3145 reported, and it was successfully applied in the study of the proteolytic stability of PCK3145 in human plasma ex vivo. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Pro‐oxidant and Antioxidant Effects in Photodynamic Therapy: Cells Recognise that Not All Exogenous ROS Are Alike
Authors: Soares Helder T. , Campos Joana R. S. , Gomes‐da‐Silva Lígia C. , Schaberle Fábio A. , Dabrowski Janusz M. , Arnaut Luis G.
Published: February 2016

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) uses light, photosensitizer molecules and oxygen to generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that kill cancer cells. Redaporfin, a new photosensitizer in clinical trials, generates both singlet oxygen and superoxide ions. We report the potentiation of redaporfin–PDT in combination with ascorbate and with the inhibition of antioxidant enzymes in A549 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and CT26 (mouse colon adenocarcinoma) cells. The addition of ascorbate and the inhibition of superoxide dismutase (SOD) strongly increased the phototoxicity of redaporfin towards A549 cells but not towards CT26 cells. The inhibition of catalase and the depletion of the glutathione pool also potentiate redaporfin–PDT towards A549 cells. The lower SOD activity of A549 cells might explain this difference. SOD activity levels may be explored to increase the selectivity and efficacy of PDT with photosensitizers that generate radical species.
Psychotropics for infants and toddlers? Data, not convenience, should be the guide
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: February 2016

“There's no question that infants, toddlers, and preschoolers can experience significant behavioral and relational problems,” Mary Margaret Gleason, M.D., assistant professor of psychiatry and behavioral sciences at the Tulane University School of Medicine, told CABL. “We know there are children who are suffering.” Also well‐documented is the lack of an adequate specialist workforce to treat all of these children with the appropriate therapy, which often is not medication, she said.
‘Conversion therapy’ and homosexuality — never an appropriate treatment for children or adolescents
Authors: Fritz Gregory K.
Published: February 2016

One of the most remarkable changes in our society over the past 15 years has been the dramatic and widespread liberalization of mainstream Americans' views on homosexuality. The statistics on public opinion regarding same‐sex marriage are indicative: in 2001, Pew reported 35% in favor of gay marriage and 57% opposed. By 2015, the pattern was essentially reversed, with 55% supporting and only 39% opposing gay marriage. Support is highest among those aged 34 or younger (70%); white, mainline Protestants (62%) or those with no religious affiliation (82%); and Democrats (66%). The evolution of public opinion parallels progress on the legal front that culminated in the landmark Supreme Court ruling in June 2015 legalizing gay marriage in all 50 states.
Current status of percutaneous right ventricular assist devices: First‐in‐man use of a novel dual lumen cannula
Authors: Aggarwal Vikas , Einhorn Bryce N. , Cohen Howard A.
Published: February 2016

Ventricular assist devices have become an accepted therapeutic solution for patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction when pharmacology fails to maintain sufficient cardiac output. Despite various technologies that have allowed left ventricular assist devices to become more reliable and versatile in the past decade, comparatively little attention has been applied to right heart assistance which is still in the early stage of its development. The extracorporeal devices developed thus far have been associated with mobility issues and complications common to ventricular assist devices in general, such as infection, bleeding, and thromboembolism. Designed to obviate the problems previously experienced by other right ventricle (RV)‐focused devices, the Protek Duo (CardiacAssist, Pittsburgh, PA) is a novel, fully percutaneous, dual lumen cannula for RV support used in conjunction with the paracorporeal TandemHeart® (CardiacAssist, Pittsburgh, PA) pump. We describe our initial experience with the Protek Duo cannula in two different clinical scenarios. In addition, we summarize the current percutaneous mechanical support technology for RV assistance and propose modification of current technology to facilitate its application. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Circumflex coronary artery injury after mitral valve surgery: A report of four cases and comprehensive review of the literature
Authors: Hiltrop Nick , Bennett Johan , Desmet Walter
Published: February 2016

As the LCx is closely related to the mitral valve annulus, it is susceptible to perioperative injury. Various underlying mechanisms, predisposing factors, and therapeutic strategies have been suggested but disagreement exists. Using a MeSH terms‐based PubMed search, 44 cases of mitral valve surgery‐related LCx injury were detected, including our 4 cases. We provide a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding mitral valve surgery‐related left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) injury. Preoperative coronary angiography was performed in 55% (n = 24). Coronary abnormalities were present in 11% (n = 5). Coronary dominance was reported in 73% (n = 32), predominantly showing left (69%, n = 22) or balanced (19%, n = 6) circulations. Right coronary dominance was present in 12% (n = 4). Ischemia was detected in the perioperative or early postoperative phase in 86% (n = 30). Delayed symptoms were present in 14% (n = 5). Echocardiography demonstrated new regional wall motion abnormalities in 80% (n = 24), but was negative in 20% (n = 6) despite coronary compromise. Electrocardiography showed myocardial ischemia in 97% (n = 34), including regional ST‐segment elevations in 68% (n = 23). Primary treatment was surgical in 42% (n = 15) and percutaneous in 58% (n = 21), reporting success ratios of 87% (n = 13) and 81% (n = 17), respectively. We confirm an augmented risk of mitral valve surgery‐related LCx injury in balanced or left‐dominant coronary circulations. Preoperative knowledge of coronary anatomy does not preclude LCx injury. An anomalous LCx arising from the right coronary cusp was identified as a possible specific high‐risk entity. Electrocardiographic monitoring and intraoperative echocardiography remain paramount to ensure a timely diagnosis and treatment. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Device‐in‐device: A transcatheter alternative to surgical explantation of a failing atrial septal defect intracardiac prosthesis
Authors: Chamié Francisco , Maia Julio , Giuliano Luiz Carlos
Published: February 2016

A failing intracardiac device is traditionally addressed by open‐heart surgery. Surgical explantation of the device, although a simple procedure, carries risks that some patients are not able or willing to cope with. Thus, a nonsurgical option seems desirable in selected cases. We report on four cases of early malfunction of the Polyvinyl Alcohol membrane of Ultrasept II™ CARDIA ASD devices. In all cases, transthoracic echo (TTE) surveillance 4–6 months after the index procedure, depicted significant left‐to‐right atrial shunts through the center portion of the devices. A second nitinol double disk device with a connecting pin (Lifetech CERA™ Multifenestrated ASD device) was implanted over the CARDIA devices, with excellent results. All procedures were uneventful and all patients are asymptomatic with no residual shunts, in short‐term follow‐up. This device‐in‐device technique prevents surgical explantation of failing ASD devices, and may become a less invasive option in selected patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Impact of left ventricular function on clinical outcomes of functional mitral regurgitation patients undergoing transcatheter mitral valve repair
Authors: Azzalini Lorenzo , Millán Xavier , Khan Razi , Couture Philippe , Ducharme Anique , Basmadjian Arsène , Bonan Raoul , Asgar Anita W.
Published: February 2016

Objectives

To evaluate the impact of baseline left ventricular (LV) function on the clinical outcomes of patients with functional mitral regurgitation (FMR) treated with MitraClip.

Background

It is unknown whether patients with significant FMR and severe LV dysfunction benefit from MitraClip.

Methods

A cohort of 77 patients with significant FMR undergoing MitraClip procedure between December 2010 and January 2015 was categorized by baseline LV ejection fraction (LVEF) into tertiles: LVEF <27% (n = 27), LVEF 27–37% (n = 25), and LVEF >37% (n = 25). We sought to evaluate the impact of LVEF on all‐cause mortality at follow‐up.

Results

There were no significant differences in baseline comorbidities, medical treatment and MR severity among tertiles of LVEF. Overall procedural success was 94%, with no differences among groups (LVEF <27%: 89%; LVEF 27–37%: 100%; LVEF >37%: 92%; P = 0.25). Median follow‐up was 372 days (interquartile range: 128–627 days). MR severity improved in all three groups, as compared to baseline. There were no differences in the prevalence of MR ≤2+ on follow‐up (P = 0.40). Mortality was highest in patients with LVEF <27% (41%), as compared with LVEF 27–37% (16%) and LVEF >37% (4%), P = 0.004. Patient who died had a lower baseline LVEF compared to those who survived (24.8 ± 7.7% versus 35.5 ± 13.7%, P < 0.001). An LVEF <27% was an independent predictor of mortality after adjusting for procedural success: hazard ratio 3.4 (95% CI: 1.1 to 10.0; P = 0.030).

Conclusions

MitraClip is effective in FMR patients regardless of the severity of LV dysfunction. However, low baseline LVEF is associated with increased mortality, despite procedural success. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Experimental and Numerical Simulation of Dry Pressure Drop in High‐Capacity Structured Packings
Authors: Amini Younes , Karimi‐Sabet Javad , Esfahany Mohsen Nasr
Published: February 2016

Experimental and numerical studies were conducted on the performance and capacity of structured packings for mixture separation with very low separation factor. Different formations and conditions of the innovative structured packing PACK‐2100 with high surface area were studied to evaluate the main characteristics such as dry pressure drop. In addition, numerical simulation was performed to describe the details of the flow structure in these modified structured packings. Three‐dimensional computational fluid dynamics modeling of PACK‐2100 allowed for comparing the pressure drop in both laminar and turbulent flow regime. The obtained experimental and numerical data demonstrate the potential contribution of the packing to high‐efficiency systems with low separation factor.
Requirements for Designing a Freeze Casting Process for Drugs – Rheological Properties of Suspensions
Authors: Nguyen Thi Nhat Phuong , Ulrich Joachim
Published: February 2016

Freeze casting is a useful molding technique for the production of porous, fast dissolving tablets of foods and pharmaceuticals. In order to optimize the freeze casting process, the slurries, and also the characteristics of the freeze‐casted products, multifunctional additives are usually employed. For further applications of these procedures in industrial processes, the suspension characteristics should be known. This case study focuses on the rheological properties of paracetamol suspensions. The effects of modified starch as an additive, the solid loadings, and the temperature on the flow behavior and viscosities of the suspensions were investigated. It was found that most suspensions are thixotropic systems. The viscosity of the suspensions is highly sensitive with respect to the studied factors, such as shear rate, shearing time, temperature, solid loading, and additive content. Optimized conditions were found and are recommended for industrial use.
In Situ Generation of ArCu from CuF2 Makes Coupling of Bulky Aryl Silanes Feasible and Highly Efficient
Authors: delPozo Juan , Casares Juan A. , Espinet Pablo
Published: February 2016

A bimetallic system of Pd/CuF2, catalytic in Pd and stoichiometric in Cu, is very efficient and selective for the coupling of fairly hindered aryl silanes with aryl, anisyl, phenylaldehyde, p‐cyanophenyl, p‐nitrophenyl, or pyridyl iodides of conventional size. The reaction involves the activation of the silane by CuII, followed by disproportionation and transmetalation from the CuI(aryl) to PdII, upon which coupling takes place. CuIII formed during disproportionation is reduced to CuI(aryl) by excess aryl silane, so that the CuF2 system is fully converted into CuI(aryl) and used in the coupling. Moreover, no extra source of fluoride is needed. Interesting size selectivity towards coupling is found in competitive reactions of hindered aryl silanes. Easily accessible [PdCl2(IDM)(AsPh3)] (IDM = 1,3‐dimethylimidazol‐2‐ylidene) is by far the best catalyst, and the isolated products are essentially free from As or Pd (<1 ppm). The mechanistic aspects of the process have been experimentally examined and discussed.
NNP‐Type Pincer Imidazolylphosphine Ruthenium Complexes: Efficient Base‐Free Hydrogenation of Aromatic and Aliphatic Nitriles under Mild Conditions
Authors: Adam Rosa , Alberico Elisabetta , Baumann Wolfgang , Drexler Hans‐Joachim , Jackstell Ralf , Junge Henrik , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2016

A series of seven novel NImNHP‐type pincer imidazolylphosphine ruthenium complexes has been synthesized and fully characterized. The use of hydrogenation of benzonitrile as a benchmark test identified [RuHCl(CO)(NImNHPtBu)] as the most active catalyst. With its stable Ru−BH4 analogue, in which chloride is replaced by BH4, a broad range of (hetero)aromatic and aliphatic nitriles, including industrially interesting adiponitrile, has been hydrogenated under mild and base‐free conditions.
Alkoxyallene‐ynes: Selective Preparation of Bicyclo[5.3.0] Ring Systems Including a δ‐Alkoxy Cyclopentadienone
Authors: Tap Aurélien , Lecourt Camille , Dhambri Sabrina , Arnould Mathieu , Galvani Gilles , Nguyen Van Buu Olivier , Jouanneau Morgan , Férézou Jean‐Pierre , Ardisson Janick , Lannou Marie‐Isabelle , Sorin Geoffroy
Published: February 2016

The development of an intramolecular rhodium(I)‐catalyzed Pauson–Khand reaction of alkoxyallene‐ynes with a proximal alkoxy group is reported. This reaction, in the presence of a [Rh(cycloocta‐1,5‐diene)Cl]2/propane‐1,3‐diylbis(diphenylphosphane) system under a CO atmosphere, constitutes a powerful tool for selectively accessing carbo‐ and heterobicyclo[5.3.0] frameworks featuring an enol ether moiety. Through this procedure, a straightforward access to guaiane skeletons with a tertiary hydroxy group at the C10 position was achieved.
Cerium‐Complex‐Catalyzed Oxidation of Arylmethanols under Atmospheric Pressure of Dioxygen and Its Mechanism through a Side‐On μ‐Peroxo Dicerium(IV) Complex
Authors: Paul Mitali , Shirase Satoru , Morimoto Yuma , Mathey Laurent , Murugesapandian Balasubramanian , Tanaka Shinji , Itoh Shinobu , Tsurugi Hayato , Mashima Kazushi
Published: February 2016

Invited for the cover of this issue is the group of Hayato Tsurugi and Kazushi Mashima at the University of Osaka. The image depicts a cerium complex with a dianionic pentadentate ligand acting as a catalyst for aerobic oxidation of arylmethanols, in which a dinuclear cerium(IV) side‐on peroxo complex is the key intermediate. The corresponding trivalent complex was able to activate dioxygen, and the oxidation proceeded catalytically under atmospheric pressure with inexpensive and environmentally friendly dioxygen as the primary oxidant. Read the full text of the article at 10.1002/chem.201503846.
A Variety of Phase‐Transition Behaviors in a Niccolite Series of [NH3(CH2)4NH3][M(HCOO)3]2
Authors: Shang Ran , Chen Sa , Hu Ke‐Li , Wang Bing‐Wu , Wang Zhe‐Ming , Gao Song
Published: February 2016

A niccolite series of [bnH22+][M(HCOO)3]2 (bnH22+=1,4‐butyldiammonium) shows four kinds of metal‐dependent phase transitions, from high temperature para‐electric phases to low‐temperature ferro‐, antiferro‐, glass‐like, and para‐electric phases. The conformational flexibility of bnH22+ and the different size, mass, and bonding character of the metal ion lead to various disorder‐order transitions of bnH22+ in the lattice and relevant framework modulations, thus different phase transitions and dielectric responses. The magnetic members display a coexistence or combination of electric and magnetic orderings in the low‐temperature region.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkaline Earth‐Gold‐Aluminides: Synthesis and Structure of SrAu3Al2, SrAu2.83Al2.17, BaAu2.89Al2.11 and BaAu7.09Al5.91.
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Poettgen Rainer
Published: February 2016

The title intermetallics are prepared by arc melting of the elements and subsequent annealing (Ta and quartz tubes for Sr and Ba compounds, resp., 825 K, 9 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Single Crystal Structure Determination and Refinement of AgZrCu4 and Ag‐Containing Cu10Zr7 by Precession Electron Diffraction and Tomography Techniques.
Authors: Cora I. , Pekker P. , Dodony I. , Janovszky D.
Published: February 2016

The single crystal structures of the title phases are determined by TEM using the precession electron diffraction technique and diffraction tomography.
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel NIR Long Phosphorescent Phosphor:SrSnO3:Bi2+.
Authors: Qin Xixi , Li Yang , Wu Dakun , Wu Yiling , Chen Ruchun , Ma Zhijun , Liu Shijian , Qiu Jianrong
Published: February 2016

SrSnO3:Bi2+ is prepared by a two‐step calcination of stoichiometric amounts of Bi2O3, SnO2, and SrCO3 in air (1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis, Crystal Structure, and NLO Property of the Chiral Sulfide Sm4InSbS9.
Authors: Zhao Hua‐Jun
Published: February 2016

The title compound is prepared by solid state reaction of a stoichiometric mixture of the elements (evacuated silica tubes, 950 °C, 4 d; cooling to 200 °C at a rate of 2.5 K/h).
ChemInform Abstract: Hydrothermal Syntheses, Crystal Structures and Characterization of Two New 1‐D and 2‐D Inorganic—Organic Hybrid Polyoxomolybdates [H2dap]2 [x‐Mo8O26]·2H2O and [Cu(dap)2]2[β‐Mo8O26].
Authors: Wang Xiuhua , Han Qing , Chen Lijuan , Zhao Junwei
Published: February 2016

The new compounds (III) and (V) are hydrothermally synthesized and characterized by single crystal XRD, IR and UV/VIS spectroscopy, and by electrochemical measurements.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Metastable Phase in Fe—Nb—B System.
Authors: Sviridova T. A. , Chueva T. R. , Gorshenkov M. V. , Shelekhov E. V. , Dyakonova N. P. , Borisova P. A.
Published: February 2016

The new metastable phase Nb5Fe33B10 is obtained during crystallization of amorphous Nb10Fe70B20 melt‐spun ribbons (annealing at 800 °C, 1 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ternary Aurides RE4Mg3Au10 (RE: La, Ce, Pr) and RE4Cd3Au10 (RE: Y, La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy) — Ordering Variants of the Zr7Ni10 Type.
Authors: Johnscher Michael , Block Theresa , Niehaus Oliver , Poettgen Rainer
Published: February 2016

Ln14Mg3Au10 (Ln1: La, Ce, Pr) and Ln24Cd3Au10 (Ln2: Y, La—Nd, Sm, Gd—Dy) are prepared by induction melting of the elements (Nb tubes, 1.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Cyclic Alkenyl Triflates by a Cationic Cyclization Reaction and Its Application in Biomimetic Polycyclizations and Synthesis of Terpenes.
Authors: Alonso Pedro , Pardo Pilar , Galvan Alicia , Fananas Francisco J. , Rodriguez Felix
Published: February 2016

A novel and very simple method for the acid‐mediated cationic cyclization reaction of a range of enyne derivatives or alkynols is developed providing access to a variety of the title triflates without the need of any metallic reagent or catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Ring Opening of cis‐3‐Substituted‐2‐Vinylaziridines with Amines.
Authors: Kang On‐Yu , Kang Han‐Young
Published: February 2016

Lewis acid BF3·OEt2 is required as catalyst for the efficient ring‐opening reactions of activated (Ia) and nonactivated aziridines (Id) with aliphatic and aromatic amines in all cases, except for those of activated aziridines with aliphatic amines (IVa,b).
ChemInform Abstract: A Novel Allyl Transfer Coupled with a Grob Fragmentation.
Authors: Li Shao‐Gang , Chen Hui‐Jun , Yang Yang‐Yang , Wu Wen‐Ju , Wu Yikang
Published: February 2016

The attempt to remove the Tbs protecting group in antibiotic precursors of type (I) leads to formation of an unexpected aldehyde of type (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Bio‐Based Green Solvent for the Catalyst Free Oxidation of Arylboronic Acids into Phenols.
Authors: Gupta Surabhi , Chaudhary Priyanka , Seva Lavudi , Sabiah Shahulhameed , Kandasamy Jeyakumar
Published: February 2016

Lactic acid is found to be an appropriate reaction medium for the efficient, catalyst‐free oxidation of boronic acids to corresponding phenols or alcohols.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of (Trifluoromethyl)zinc Reagent as Trifluoromethyl Anion and Difluorocarbene Sources.
Authors: Aikawa Kohsuke , Toya Wataru , Nakamura Yuzo , Mikami Koichi
Published: February 2016

Conditions for the application of the (trifluoromethyl)zinc reagent as CF3‐‐anion source for the trifluoromethylation of carbonyl compounds, namely aldehydes and ketones, in order to obtain secondary or tertiary trifluoromethyl substituted alcohols are elaborated.
ChemInform Abstract: Benefits of a Dual Chemical and Physical Activation: Direct Aza‐Michael Addition of Anilines Promoted by Solvent Effect under High Pressure.
Authors: Fedotova Alena , Crousse Benoit , Chataigner Isabelle , Maddaluno Jacques , Rulev Alexander Yu. , Legros Julien
Published: February 2016

The combination of hexafluoroisopropanol as solvent and high‐pressure conditions enables the unprecedented 1,4‐addition of poor nucleophiles like aromatic amines onto sluggish Michael acceptors without a promoter or work‐up.
ChemInform Abstract: Contemporaneous Dual Catalysis: Aldol Products from Non‐Carbonyl Substrates.
Authors: Trost Barry M. , Tracy Jacob S.
Published: February 2016

Vanadium‐catalyzed 1,3‐transposition of allenols is coupled with a lanthanum‐catalyzed Meinwald rearrangement of epoxides in situ to form aldol products chemo‐, regio‐, and stereoselectively.
ChemInform Abstract: Selectively Fluorinated Cyclohexane Building Blocks: Derivatives of Carbonylated All‐cis‐3‐phenyl‐1,2,4,5‐tetrafluorocyclohexane.
Authors: Ayoup Mohammed Salah , Cordes David B , Slawin Alexandra M Z , O'Hagan David
Published: February 2016

Carbonylation/carboxylation reactions of the para‐ and ortho‐iodo derivatives of the title building blocks afford the corresponding benzoic acids and benzaldehydes as building blocks for further derivatization.
ChemInform Abstract: Spontaneous Dimerization of Allenes in situ: An Efficient Synthesis of Substituted 1,2‐Dimethylenecyclobutanes with High Regio‐ and Stereoselectivities.
Authors: Miao Maozhong , Wang Wenmin , Yang Weijun , Xu Lijun , Ma Jing , Ren Hongjun
Published: February 2016

Starting from commercially available materials aryl acetylenes, formamides, and TmsCN allenes are generated which dimerize in situ to provide cyclobutanes (IV) with high regio‐ and stereoselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Transfer Hydrogenation of Nitroarenes into Anilines by Palladium Nanoparticles via Dehydrogenation of Dimethylamine Borane Complex.
Authors: Patil Nilesh M. , Bhosale Manohar A. , Bhanage Bhalchandra M.
Published: February 2016

Various nitroarenes are converted into the corresponding amines within short reaction times using an environmentally benign borane complex as reducing agent and palladium nanoparticles as a versatile and reusable heterogeneous catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: ortho C—H Acylation of Aryl Iodides by Palladium/Norbornene Catalysis.
Authors: Dong Zhe , Wang Jianchun , Ren Zhi , Dong Guangbin
Published: February 2016

This Catellani‐type C—H arylation is enabled by isopropyl carbonate anhydrides (II) and (IV), which serve as both an acyl cation and a hydride source.
ChemInform Abstract: The Direct Synthesis of Symmetrical Disulfides and Diselenides by Metal—Organic Framework MOF‐199 as an Efficient Heterogenous Catalyst.
Authors: Soleiman‐Beigi Mohammad , Yavari Issa , Sadeghizadeh Fatemeh
Published: February 2016

Title compounds are efficiently synthesized through a one‐pot protocol from corresponding aryl halides and elemental sulfur or selenium, resp., using a highly crystalline porous copper‐based metal‐organic framework as catalyst.
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Zinc‐Amide‐Mediated C—H Arylation of Fluoroarenes and Heteroarenes with Aryl Sulfides.
Authors: Otsuka Shinya , Yorimitsu Hideki , Osuka Atsuhiro
Published: February 2016

The reaction has a broad substrate scope and tolerates multiple functional groups such as tosyloxy, trimethylsilyl, and pinacolatoboryl groups.
ChemInform Abstract: Fabrication of Palladium Nanoparticles/Graphene/SBA‐15 Nanocomposites for the Catalysis of Suzuki Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Shang Ning‐Zhao , Gao Shu‐Tao , Feng Cheng , Wang Chun , Wang Zhi
Published: February 2016

A Pd‐graphene‐SBA‐15 catalyst is found to be highly efficient in Suzuki coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Amine‐Catalyzed α‐Benzylation of α‐Branched Aldehydes.
Authors: Lee Anna
Published: February 2016

Imidazole is found to act as efficient homogeneous HCl scavenger in the highly enantioselective reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: Zn‐Catalyzed Diastereo‐ and Enantioselective Cascade Reaction of 3‐Isothiocyanato Oxindoles and 3‐Nitroindoles: Stereocontrolled Syntheses of Polycyclic Spirooxindoles.
Authors: Zhao Jian‐Qiang , Wu Zhi‐Jun , Zhou Ming‐Qiang , Xu Xiao‐Ying , Zhang Xiao‐Mei , Yuan Wei‐Cheng
Published: February 2016

The method proves superior to previously developed protocols, thus providing variously substituted polycyclic spirooxindoles in virtually quantitative yields with excellent diastereo‐ and enantioselectivities.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Synthesis of Spiro[chroman‐3,3′‐pyrazol] Scaffolds with an All‐Carbon Quaternary Stereocenter via a Oxa‐Michael—Michael Cascade Strategy with Bifunctional Amine‐Thiourea Organocatalysts.
Authors: Zheng Weiping , Zhang Jiayong , Liu Shuang , Yu Chengbin , Miao Zhiwei
Published: February 2016

It is shown that the thiourea moiety and cyclohexyl scaffold of the employed bifunctional catalyst play a significant role in controlling the stereoselectivity of the oxa‐Michael‐Michael cascade reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Naphthofurans by tBuOK‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Anionic Cycloaddition of Unsymmetrical Bis‐propargyl Ethers.
Authors: Grimaldi Tamiris B. , Back Davi F. , Zeni Gilson
Published: February 2016

Optimized conditions allow the preparation of the desired heterocyclic skeleton within a short time.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal‐Free Coupling of 2‐Vinylphenols and Carboxylic Acids: An Access to 3‐Acyloxy‐2,3‐dihydrobenzofurans.
Authors: Chen Jijun , Shao Ying , Zheng Hao , Cheng Jiang , Wan Xiaobing
Published: February 2016

The new coupling reaction between 2‐vinylphenols and carboxylic acids results in the formation of dihydrobenzofuran derivatives using Bu4NI as a catalyst and t‐BuOOH as an oxidant.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Construction of 3,4‐Diamino Pyrrolidines via Chiral N,O‐Ligand/Cu(I) Catalyzed 1,3‐Dipolar Cycloaddition of Azomethine Ylides with β‐Phthalimidonitroethene.
Authors: He Fu‐Sheng , Zhu Han , Wang Zheng , Gao Ming , Yu Xingxin , Deng Wei‐Ping
Published: February 2016

The scalable preparation of the title products is based on the diastereoselective and enantioselective synthesis of N‐phthalimide‐protected 5‐aryl or 5‐alkyl substituted 3‐amino‐4‐nitropyrrolidine‐2‐carboxylates.
ChemInform Abstract: Bifunctional Phase‐Transfer Catalysis in the Asymmetric Synthesis of Biologically Active Isoindolinones.
Authors: Di Mola Antonia , Tiffner Maximilian , Scorzelli Francesco , Palombi Laura , Filosa Rosanna , De Caprariis Paolo , Waser Mario , Massa Antonio
Published: February 2016

A series of 23 bifunctional chiral ammonium salts is tested as catalysts in the asymmetric cascade reaction of 2‐cyanobenzaldehyde with dimethyl malonate.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of 3‐Iminoisoindolinones by a Rhodium(III)‐Catalyzed and Methanol‐Assisted C—H Cyanation‐Cyclization Cascade with N‐Alkoxyl Transfer.
Authors: Jia Jinlong , Liu Xuelei , Shi Jingjing , Xu H. Eric , Yi Wei
Published: February 2016

The title compounds, key structures in the preparation of various heterocyclic systems including natural products and pharmaceutical agents, are readily available on treatment of N‐alkoxybenzamides with cyano‐reactant (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Palladium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Addition of C—N Bond to Alkynes: A Novel Approach to 3‐Diketoindoles.
Authors: Wu Chenglin , Zhao Fei , Shu Shuangjie , Wang Jiang , Liu Hong
Published: February 2016

The title indoles are obtained by indole ring construction with the migration of the α‐ketoacyl group.The protocol features operational simplicity, high atom economy, broad substrate scope, and high yields.
ChemInform Abstract: An Efficient and Practical Synthesis of [2‐11C]Indole via Superfast Nucleophilic [11C]Cyanation and RANEY® Nickel Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization.
Authors: Qu Wenchao , et al.
Published: February 2016

A new rapid method for the synthesis of 11C radiolabeled indoles is developed using a sub‐nanomolar quantity of no‐carrier‐added [11C]cyanide as radio‐precursor.
ChemInform Abstract: Proline‐Catalyzed Cyclization Reaction for the Synthesis of Naphthostyrils: Application to the Total Synthesis of Prioline.
Authors: Park Kyeong‐Yong , Song Ha‐Jeong , Heo Jung‐Nyoung
Published: February 2016

The title compounds are synthesized by Stille coupling of indolinones (I) with β‐tributylstannyl‐α,β‐unsaturated ketones (II) followed by 4‐hydroxyproline‐catalyzed cyclization of the coupling products.