bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Modeling Causal Relationships Among Giftedness Structure Variables
Authors: Fathey Okasha Mahmoud , Abdalmageed Amany Farahat
Published: February 2021

The present research aimed at identifying the interrelationships between cognitive, meta-cognitive, and extra-cognitive abilities, and exploring the paths of causal relationships between the constituent variables of the model, as well as verifying the suitability of the structural model with its various components in the interpretation of giftedness. The research sample consisted of (130) male and female students in secondary grades one and two in Technology and Sciences School for gifted in Cairo (STEM Egypt), (32) female students, and (98) male students. The sample's aged between (15-17) years with an average of 15.87 years and a standard deviation of 1.13 degree. The instruments of the study were applied on them after checking their psychometric properties. These tools were: Raven's Progressive Matrices test (Abu Hatab, 1977), and Torrance creative thinking test (photo B) (Sulaiman & Abu Hatab, 1976), as well as a computerized battery that includes a computerized task specific metacognitive skills test, and a computerized Extra-cognitive abilities scale. The research concluded that there is a high impact of meta-cognitive abilities on cognitive abilities, except achievement, and high impact of extra-cognitive abilities on meta-cognitive skills. The results also showed the relevance of the proposed model with its variables in the interpretation of giftedness structure.

Keywords: giftedness structure model, developmental cognitive theory of giftedness, meta cognitive abilities, extra-cognitive abilities.
Preventive Behavior Towards Maya Index at DHF Endemic Area
Authors: Pratiwi Tiwik Suci , Wikurendra Edza Aria , Yudhastuti Ririh , Mirasa Yudhied Agung
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Primary health care Putat Jaya is an area with the highest number of DHF cases out of the three primary health care in Sawahan District, Surabaya City. The number of breeding sites for mosquitoes and the density of larvae can be the risk factors that affect mosquitoes’ spread. Maya Index is an indicator to measure the number of water reservoirs used as breeding grounds for mosquitoes. This study aims to analyze behavioral factors towards virtual index in dengue-endemic areas in the Primary health care Putat Jaya Surabaya. Methods: The research used observational type with a cross-sectional design. The population of this study was all houses in the highest endemic. The sample consisted of 100 houses taken randomly, with research variables including mosquito nests eradication behavior and Maya Index status. Data collection used questionnaires and direct observation. The data were presented in the form of distribution tables and statistically analyzed with the chi-square test. Results and Discussion: The results showed the Maya Index of 74 houses in the high category. There was a significant relationship between the respondent’s behavior (knowledge, attitude, action) and the Maya Index. Analysis of the relationship between respondents’ knowledge and Maya Index showed that the p-value = 0.00. Analysis of the relationship between respondents’ attitudes with the Maya Index shows that p-value = 0.02. Furthermore, there was a significant relationship between the respondent’s actions and the Maya Index with a p-value = 0.03. Conclusion: Based on the results of research, community behavior (Knowledge, Attitude, Action) has a significant relationship with the Maya Index level, and the high virtual index affects the risk level of DHF transmission. Knowledge was the most potential factor that affected the Maya Index. It is suggested that the community will often strive to eradicate mosquito nests independently and regularly as well as increase community knowledge with the help of community health center officers regarding the eradication of mosquito nets.
The Role of Sanitarian and Social-Cultural Factors in Promoting the Open Defecation-Free (ODF) Village
Authors: Elhanur Anisa Haq , Ramadhani Putri Nabilah , Azizah R
Published: February 2021

Introduction: Open defecation behavior can be a means of spreading disease. A person’s defecation behavior can be influenced by supporting factors provided by health workers, the socio-cultural environment and access to healthy latrine facilities. The aim of this study was to analyze the role of families, community leaders, health workers and the socio-cultural environment on defecating behavior in ODF and non-ODF villages. Methods: This study used quantitative and qualitative observational analytic. The study design was cross sectional design. All people who live on the banks of railway in non ODF and ODF villages were the population in this study. A total of 68 peoples were sampled who determined by themethod proportional random sampling. The independent variables were family support, sanitarian support, community leaders support, the health department team support, socio-culture and population density. The dependent variable was defecation activity. Data were collected by field observation and questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the Mann Whitney Test. Results and Discussion: There was no difference in family support (p = 0.661), community leaders support (p = 0.122), the health department team support (p = 0.555). However, there were differences in sanitarian officers support (p = 0.000), the socio-cultural environment (p = 0.000) and the population density in non ODF villages is higher than in ODF villages. Conclusion: There were differences in sanitarian officers support, the socio-cultural environment and population density between non ODF and ODF villages.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF NUTRITION EDUCATION THROUGH SOCIO-DRAMATIC METHOD TO VEGETABLE & FRUIT KNOWLEDGE AND CONSUMPTION IN 5-6 YEARS OLD CHILDREN
Authors: Maghfiroh Luluk Hidayatul , Arif Tsani A Fahmy , Dieny Fillah Fithra , Adi Murbawani Etisa , Purwanti Rachma
Published: February 2021

Low consumption of vegetable and fruit in children was still commonly found. Appropriate and effective nutrition education methods are needed to increase knowledge and consumption of vegetable and fruit in children. This study aimed to know the effectiveness of nutrition education through socio-dramatic method of vegetable and fruit knowledge and consumption in children 5-6 years old.This study was a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test control group design. Research subjects were 36 Taman Putra Kindergarten children who were divided into treatment group who were given nutrition education with socio-dramatic method, and control group who were given nothing. The improvement of nutrition knowledge was assessed by pre-test and post-test with pictured form, while vegetable and fruit consumption were assessed by 3 Days Food Record instrument. A total of 15 subjects had low fruit vegetable knowledge, and more than 50% of subjects had less fi ber intake, types of vegetable consumption <7 types, the amount of vegetable intake <250 grams, and fruit <150 grams. The provision of nutritional education through sociodrama method was effective in increasing knowledge of fruit vegetables in pre-school children (p <0.001), as seen from the increase in average knowledge of treatment group compared to control group. But unfortunately, nutrition education through sociodrama method has not been able to signifi cantly increase fruit vegetable consumption in terms of both quantity and type (p> 0.05).
BREAKFAST HABITS AND NUTRIENT ADEQUACY LEVEL OF SNACKS IS CORRELATED WITH NUTRITION STATUS AMONG ADOLESCENT IN SMPN 1 TUBAN
Authors: Damara Chandramanda Dewi , Muniroh Lailatul
Published: February 2021

Adolescent often skip breakfast, so snacks are usually used as substitute for breakfast at school. Some snacks have unbalanced nutrient content. An imbalance in nutrient intake can affect nutritional status of adolescents. The purpose of this study was to analyze correlation between breakfast habits and nutrition adequacy level of snack with nutritional status of adolescents. The study design used in this study was cross sectional. The sampling technique was proportional random sampling with total sample of 77 students. Data on breakfast habits were obtained through questionnaires, while data on the adequacy level of snacks intake was obtained through 2x24 hours food recall. The correlation test used was spearman correlation. The results showed that there were correlation between breakfast habits, the adequacy level energy, protein, fat, and carbohydrate of snacks with nutritional status. Adolescent with poor breakfast habits and high adequacy of nutritional levels of snacks tend to have more obesity nutritional status.
ACADEMIC STRESS IS ASSOCIATED WITH EMOTIONAL EATING BEHAVIOR AMONG ADOLESCENT
Authors: Ramadhani Nadia , Mahmudiono Trias
Published: February 2021

Academic stress is one of the sources of stress factor among adolescent. Stress condition will trigger cortisol reaction process which associated with unhealthy eating behavior. Emotional eating is an eating behavior in response to stimulation of negative emotion. This study aims to analyze the association between academic stress with emotional eating behavior among adolescent at SMAN 6 Surabaya. This study used a cross sectional design. Samples were obtained using Cluster Random Sampling techniques with total sample of 133 people. Data were collected using the Educational Stress Scale for Adolescent (ESSA), Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire (DEBQ) and Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ). Kolmogorov-Smirnov was used to determine the normality of data obtained. Association between variables was analyzed using Spearman correlation. The results showed that 47,4% students experienced moderate academic stress and 51,1% of students experienced emotional eating. There was signifi cant association between academic stress with emotional eating behavior (p=0.003). Emotional eating behavior was positively correlated with consumption of fast food or canned food, sweet food or cakes, dairy products and sweet beverages.
ASSOCIATION OF MACRONUTRIENT INTAKE WITH PERCENTAGE OF VISCERAL FAT IN INTERNATIONAL STUDENT AT UNIVERSITAS AIRLANGGA SURABAYA
Authors: Baswedan Salmiah Ibrahim , Sumarmi Sri
Published: February 2021

Diets are often associated with nutritional status of a person. Good nutritional status always accompany a good diet, if the intake of food is good, then it will give a good nutritional status as well. If energy intake exceeds output energy along with low physical activity, so it can lead to a build up of fat and increase the risk of overweight and obesity. The purpose of this research was to analyze the relationship between macronutrient intake with visceral fat on foreign students Universitas Airlangga in Surabaya. This study is observational, cross-sectional research design. The research sample was 65 students, where subjects was determined by purposive with inclusion criteria that had stayed at least 6 months in Indonesia, healthy, and not on a diet. The independent variable is the level of macro nutrient adequacy. The dependent variable is the visceral fat. Data were analyzed using chi-square test with a signifi cance level of <0.05 and linear regression. Results showed that there was a signifi cant relationship between energy suffi ciency level (p = 0.000) and fat (p = 0.018) with percentage of visceral fat. Every 1% increase in level of energy suffi ciency, respondent’s percentage of visceral fat will increase by 3.589. Every additional 1% of level of fat suffi ciency, percentage of visceral fat will increase by 1.712. The higher the intake of energy and fat, there will be an increase in visceral fat. The conclusion of this study is energy and fat intake can increase visceral fat. Increasing energy suffi ciency and fat will increase visceral fat as well.
ACCEPTABILITY AND NUTRIENTS CONTENT (VITAMIN B12 AND FOLIC ACID) OF SUBTITUTED SNACK BAR WITH PURPLE SWEET POTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) ENRICHED WITH NUTRITIONAL YEAST AS HEALTHY VEGAN FOOD
Authors: Ghifari Achmad Maralda Ainin
Published: February 2021

Vegan are group of people who have high risk of megaloblastic anaemia because of vitamin B12 and folic acid defi ciency. Purple sweet potato (Ipomoea Batatas L.) and nutritional yeast are rich vitamin B12 and folic acid, therefore can be formulated into healthy food, such as snack bar for vegan. The purpose of this study is to determine the eff ect of purple sweet potato substitution and nutritional yeast addition on acceptability and availability of vitamin B12 and folic acid of snack bar. The type of research of formulation was true experimental design (Complete Randomize Design) with 1 formula control and 2 modifi ed formula. This research was carried out for 3 months (December 2018-March 2019) in Nutrition Laboratory Universitas Airlangga. The panelists are 38 people who affi liated with vegan community Yayasan Buddha Maitreya Surabaya. Statistical analysis used Kruskall Wallis test and Mann Whitney test with 5% signifi cance level. The results of organoleptic test showed that the most preferred formula by panelists was F2 with an average value of 3,6. There are diff erences in terms of smell characteristic (p=0.017) and taste characterictic (p=0.021). F2 have the highest content of vitamin B12 and folic acid, which are 1.58 mcg and 1,62 mcg, respectively, for 50 gram snack bar. The study showed that the best optimization (acceptability and nutrient content) in formula is F2 (substitution of 20% of purple sweet potato and addition 9 g of nutritional yeast). Therefore, snack bar with purple sweet potato substitution and nutritional yeast enrichment is feasible as an alternative healthy snack for vegan.
The assessment of usefulness of innovative instrumental treatments for non‑invasive reduction of a double chin
Authors: Kroma Anna , Sobkowska Daria , Pelant Ewa , Micek Iwona , Urbańska Maria , Kuczyński Sebastian , Gornowicz‑Porowska Justyna
Published: February 2021

One of the most common defects in the facial area is the so‑called “double chin”. The problem affects both males and females, and its occurrence is associated with several different factors. It is commonly believed that this defect is a result of excessive adipose tissue location in the lower face. However, the problem seems to be more complex. It is also facilitated by the loss of firmness and elasticity of ageing skin, and in many persons the existence of a double chin results from their anatomical structure, and therefore is determined by genes. Besides, incorrect posture accentuates the defect. It may seem that such minor change does not affect the appearance to a large extent. Whereas, in most cases it causes that the border between the jaw line and the neck disappears what, in turn, distorts the face contour. All this makes a person with a double chin look much older than he or she in fact is. This leads to negative self‑esteem, makes people feel ashamed, and quite often is the main reason for avoiding interaction with other people. So, it is no wonder that persons with such defect seek methods offering its mitigation.Surgical methods give quick and satisfactory effects. However, they are fraught with high risk of complications, and as such they cause anxiety and ultimately discourage patients from making the decision. Luckily, significant improvements in the field of cosmetology and aesthetic surgery offer a wide range of possibilities to reduce a double chin in a manner which is completely non‑invasive, pain free, and does not require long lasting convalescence. In this case, very good results are achieved with the use of innovative technological solutions, such as HIFU and cryolipolysis. Aim. The main aim of this paper is to assess the efficiacy of cryolipolysis in the double chin reduction and the description of innovative instrumental methods allowing for a non‑invasive reduction of this defect.
Biopulping Of Bagasse Using Different Types Of White Rot Fungi and Different Incubation Times
Authors: Cristy Angelin Marhavyna , Mumpuni Aris , Ratnaningtyas Nuniek Ina
Published: February 2021

Bagasse is fibrous residue that remains after the sugarcane is crushed to extract it’s juice. It mostly consists of lignocellulosic materials that may provide material for paper production through biopulping process. White rot fungi (WRF) is producers of extracellular ligninolytic enzymes that has the capability to mineralize lignin compounds. Three types of white rot fungi that were used in this study are Phanerochaete chrysosporium, Pleurotus ostreatus and Schizophyllum commune. Each of it was inoculated on bagasse substrate within 0, 15, and 30 days of incubation. This study was aimed to know the effect of interaction between white rot fungi and incubation time in the biopulping process and to investigate the most appropriate fungus and incubation time to produce good material for paper making obtained from sugarcane bagasse. The experimental design was done by using Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with a factorial pattern in two factors and analyzed by using Analysis of Variance (ANNOVA) then followed by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) on highly different significance effect of the treatment. The result of this study showed that S. commune is the most effective fungi to degrade highly lignin content (17.38% to 8.88%) at 30 days of incubation, while P. chrysosporium is the most effective fungi to lowering cellulose content in small amount (23.64% to 19.38%) during 30 days of incubation.
Isolation and Characterization Of Arbuscular Mychorhiza Fungi from Gaharu Wood (Aquilaria spp.) Rhizosphere
Authors: Wijayanti Dian Rachma , Turjaman Maman
Published: February 2021

In the last 30 years there have been increasing demand of agarwood. Unlimited hunting of agarwood causing it become threatened species. Aquilaria spp. is the main genus producing agarwood that considered as threathened species. Conserving Aquilaria spp. as germ plasm needs is essential against destruction. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) have been used as inoculant to increase the growth of Aquilaria spp., but information about the existence of AMF in Aquilaria spp. rhizosphere has not been reported. This research was carried out with objective to identify AMF from Aquilaria spp. rhizosphere. Soil and root samples from rhizosphere of Aquilaria spp. taken from four location that is: Carita (A. malaccensis), Ciapus (A. filaria), Cifor (A. crasna & A. malaccensis), and Bantar Kemang (A. beccariana, A. crasna, & A. malaccensis). Roots staining was conducted with modified Phillips and Hayman procedure (1970). Soils sample was run dry wed and placed in pot culture with Pueraria javanica as the host plant. Spore was separated from pot culture using wet sieving and decanting method continued with centrifugation. The result showed the occurrences of AMF in Aquilaria spp. roots i.e. external hypha, internal hypha, coiled hypha, arbuscules, and vesicles. All AMF colony structure found in Aquilaria spp. roots show asosiation bettwen the plant and AMF. Four species of AMF were found i.e. Glomus sp.1, Glomus sp.2, Gigaspora albida, and Dentiscutata sp.

Key Words:  Isolation, Arbuscule Mycorrhizae Fungi, Rhizosfer, Agarwood
Authors: Mukholladun Wildan , Rokhmani Rokhmani , Riwidiharso Edy
Published: February 2021

RINGKASANGurami (Osphronemus gouramy Lac.) merupakan jenis ikan air tawar yang banyak dibudidaya oleh masyarakat Indonesia. Tingginya harga ikan gurami ukuran konsumsi dan dagingnya yang empuk dan gurih. Di Tasikmalaya petani ikan gurame dalam budidaya benih gurami masih mengalami kendala. Benih ikan gurame yang dipelihara sampai ukuran dewasa mengalami mortalitas tinggi yang disebabkan serangan ektoparasit. Serangan ektoparasit tersebut salah satunya ialah serangan Trichodina sp.Telah dilakukan penelitian yang bertujuan 1. Mengetahui prevalensi benih ikan gurami yang terserang Trichodina sp. yang di dapatkan dari petani ikan di Desa Rajapolah Kabupaten Tasikmalaya dan 2. Mengetahui variasi morfometrik Trichodina sp. yang ditemukan pada benih ikan gurami yang didapatkan dari petani ikan di Desa Rajapolah Kabupaten TasikmalayaMetode yang dipakai pada penelitian ini adalah metode survei.Benih ikan gurame yang berumur 2 minggu sebagai sampel. Isolasi dan identifikasi dilakukan dengan pembuatan preparat rentang dan pengecatan menggunakan larutan AgNO3 2%.Hasil penelitian ditemukan bahwa prevalensi sebesar 88% atau tinggi, sedangkan hasil dari pemeriksaan variasi morfometrik ditemukan 4 spesies trichodina sp. yaitu T. Pediculus, T. Nigra, T.heterodentata, dan T. Acuta.Kata Kunci:Trichodina sp., gurami, variasi morfometrik, kelimpahan, Rajapolah
Authors: Isnasari Azma Nurizqi , Kusharyati Dyah Fitri , Oedjijono Oedjijono
Published: February 2021

Kesehatan manusia sangat erat kaitannya dengan kondisi saluran pencernaan manusia sejak awal kehidupannya. Diversitas mikroorganisme yang terdapat dalam saluran pencernaan manusia sangat beragam, yaitu berkisar 300-500 spesies bakteri berbeda. Penambahan beberapa aspek dalam nutrisi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan daya kerja nutrisi. Prebiotik seperti inulin dan FOS serta probiotik seperti Bifidobacteria adalah aspek yang dapat ditambahkan untuk meningkatkan nutrisi.  Pertumbuhan bakteri yang optimal dapat diketahui berdasarkan pada kurva pertumbuhan bakteri. Permasalahan penelitian yang muncul yaitu bagaimana pengaruh prebiotik inulin dan FOS terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E, berapa waktu inkubasi yang diperlukan untuk mendukung pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E, dan bagaimana interaksi antara jenis prebiotik dan waktu inkubasi terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh prebiotik inulin dan FOS terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E, mengetahui waktu inkubasi optimal Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E, dan mengetahui interaksi antara jenis prebiotik dan waktu inkubasi terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E. Penelitian ini dilakukan menggunakan rancangan percobaan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan pola faktorial. Parameter utama yang diukur yaitu jumlah populasi Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E, sedangkan parameter pendukung yang diukur yaitu nilai pH dan kadar asam laktat tertitrasi. Variabel bebas yang diamati dalam penelitian ini adalah penambahan prebiotik pada medium, sedangkan variabel terikat yang diamati yaitu jumlah populasi dari Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan penambahan prebiotik inulin dan FOS dengan waktu inkubasi berbeda berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E. Hasil terbaik yang dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan Bifidobacterium sp. Bb2E yaitu kombinasi prebiotik inulin+FOS dan waktu inkubasi 18 jam dengan nilai optical density sebesar 1,794 dan jumlah kepadatan populasi sebanyak 2,44x1010 CFU/mL.
Genera Jamur Patogen dan Persentase Penyakit Bercak Daun yang ditemukan pada Pertanaman Sawi Hijau (Brassica juncea) di Desa Serang, Kecamatan Karangreja, Purbalingga
Authors: Hartatik Nia Sri , Sucianto Eddy Tri , Purwati Endang Sri
Published: February 2021

Green mustard (Brassica juncea) is an annual or horticultural plant of the Brassica genus. The purpose of this research is to knowledge the type of fungi that cause leaf spot disease on green mustard plants and to know the large percentage of leaf spot diseases caused by fungus on mustard greens in Serang Village, Karangreja District, Purbalingga. This research is used survey method by taking purposive random sampling at two different locations. The type of fungus that causes leaf spot disease on (B. juncea) mustard green can be identified by isolating the part of plants are sick then identified. Identification of fungi is doing by two stages of observation, that is observation macromorphological characters and micromorphological characters. Observation of macromorphological characters includes colony color, colony shape, the edge of colony shape and colony reverse color. Observation of the  micromorphology character includes the presence of hyphae, hyphae (insulated or non-insulated), conidia shape, conidia color, additional devices and conidiophores. The next stage to find out the type of fungus that causes leaf spot disease is Koch's Postulate.The results obtained there is one type of disease in green mustard plants. Leaf spot is one of the diseases of mustard greens caused by the fungus Alternaria sp, with a frequency of leaf spot disease as many as 196 times, and the percentage of disease of 51,30%.
Authors: Hardiyati Triani , Proklamasiningsih Elly , Budisantoso Iman
Published: February 2021

Penelitian bertujuan mempelajari respon pemberian asam humat pada beberapa macam kombinasi medium tumbuh  terhadap kandungan senyawa aktif pada tanaman Pegagan (Centella asiatica L. Urb). Melalui pemberian pupuk asam humat pada kombinasi medium diharapkan pertumbuhan dan metabolism tanaman meningkat yang kemudian berdampak pada meningkatnya senyawa aktif hasil metabolit primer. Medium yang digunakan adalah : tanah & pasir (1 : 1), tanah & sekam (1 : 1), dan tanah & zeolite (1 : 2). Asam humat yang diperlakukan ada 4 konsentrasi, yaitu : 0 gr/kg medium, 4 gr/kg medium, 8 gr/kg medium dan 12 gr/kg medium.  Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah eksperimen  menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap dengan pola perlakuan factorial. Sebagai Faktor Utama adalah kombinasi medium, dan sebagai Faktor Kedua adalah konsentrasi asam humat. Parameter yang diamati adalah kandungan alkaloid, flavonoid, dan terpenoid. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa medium tanam tanah dengan pasir dengan penambahan asam humat 8 gr/kg medium efektif dalam meningkatkan kandungan alkaloid dan biomassa tanaman pegagan. Sedangkan kandungan flavonoid tertinggi diperoleh pada medium tanah dan zeolite dengan penambahan asam humat 4gr/kg medium.  Teridentifikasi adanya senyawa terpenoid dengan adanya cincin berwarna coklat pada ekstrak yang dilarutkan dalam chloroform , asam asetat dan asam sulfat pekat.
INDUKSI KALUS DENGAN 2,4D DAN BAP PADA EKSPLAN DAUN VEGETATIF DAN GENERATIF TEMPUYUNG (Sonchus arvensis L.)
Authors: Rahayu Shilfiana - , Suharyanto Suharyanto
Published: February 2021

Tempuyung (Sonchus arvensis L.) merupakan tanaman yang memiliki banyak manfaat dan berpotensi sebagai obat. Tanaman ini diketahui memiliki kandungan flavonoid dan terpenoid yang tinggi. Propagasi tanaman ini sangat penting dilakukan untuk menyediakan bahan obat dalam skala prabikasi dan menghasilkan bahan yang memiliki kandungan senyawa yang tinggi. Metode kultur jaringan merupakan salah satu cara yang cepat dalam propagasi tanaman dan dapat meningkatkan kandungan metabolit sekunder dalam tanaman. Metode untuk menghasilkan senyawa yang tinggi dan menghasilkan somatik embrio dalam jumlah yang banyak dapat melalui kultur kalus. Tujuan penelitian adalah ingin mencari pengaruh hormon 2,4D dan BAP serta variasi eksplan daun terhadap pertumbuhan kalus tempuyung. Pada penelitian ini digunakan kombinasi hormon 2,4D (0; 0,5; 1 ppm) dan BAP (0; 0,5; 1 ppm) dalam menginduksi kalus, dan eksplan yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah daun vegetatif dan daun generatif tempuyung. Hasil penelitian ini menyatakan bahwa kalus dihasilkan dalam waktu 10-14 hari, dengan jenis kalus friabel dan berwarna kuning. Eksplan daun vegetatif lebih cepat inisiasi kalusnya disbanding daun generatif.  Hasil lain menunjukkan bahwa kombinasi terbaik dalam produksi adalah BAP 0,5 ppm dan 2,4D 1 ppm, dan eksplan daun yang paling optimal dalam menghasilkan kalus terdapat pada eksplan daun vegetatif.
Kerja Sama Keamanan dalam Masyarakat Politik-Keamanan ASEAN
Authors: Rachmat Angga Nurdin
Published: February 2021

ASEAN as a regional organization is currently in an effort to develop cooperation in the form of the ASEAN Community. The formation of the ASEAN Community is based on three pillars, where one of the pillars is the political-security pillar (ASEAN Political-Security Community / APSC) who faces the most dynamic challenges related to security issues in the Southeast Asia. This security issue certainly has an influence on interactions both among intra-regional states and with extra-regional states. This paper aims to analysis the challenges and opportunities faced by the ASEAN political-security community to strengthen cooperation in dealing with security issues in the Southeast Asian. This paper is based on a constructivism analysis of the formation of a security community. This paper will get an overview of the challenges and opportunities faced in the realization of cooperation to tackle security issues in the Southeast Asia region within the framework of the APSC. The description of these challenges and opportunities can be the basis for analyzing what strategies must be done to encourage the realization of the APSC in accordance with what is expected by the members states.
The Pattern of Herbivorous Fish Assemblages in The In Western and Eastern Outermost Island Indonesia
Authors: Putra Risandi Dwirama , Siringoringo Rikoh Manogar , Abrar Muhammad , Abrar Muhammad , Purnamasari Ni Wayan , Purnamasari Ni Wayan , Syakti Agung Dhamar
Published: February 2021

The herbivorous fishes have been considered as a critical functional group and have capability maintaining coral reef resilience and avoiding coral-algal phase-shifts. The present condition shown, almost in tropical reef location, alga has dominated coral, even in the small outer island. The requirement to conduct comprehensive basic research in studying the patterns and composition of herbivorous fish, especially on the small outer islands. Twelve coral reef sites in eastern Indonesia (Liki Islands) and western Indonesia (Natuna Island) used as a research location for comparing the structure patterns of herbivorous fish communities (diversity, density, and body size) using the Underwater Visual Census (UVC) method. There was different pattern of herbivorous fishes families in Liki Island and Natuna Islands, where Acanthuridae is dominant in eastern Indonesia (Liki Islands), including Ctenochaetus striatus (41,00 ± 11,72 se) individuals/350m2, A. maculiceps (23,33 ± 13,61 se) individuals/350m2, Naso hexacanthus (18,67 ± 6,34 se) individuals/350m2 while Scaridae is dominant in western Indonesia (Natuna island), including Scarus rivulatus (31,67 ± 10,61 se) individuals/350m2, Chlorurus sordidus (30,00 ± 8,52 se) individuals/350m2 and Scarus quoyi (19,00 ± 9,73 se) individuals/350m2. Based on herbivore fishes composition Liki Island has a higher density and biomass compared to Natuna Island.Keywords: herbivore, fish, coral, small outer island, Indonesia
Behavior response of blue swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) to the different entrance gates of collapsible pot
Authors: Aditya Henita , Mawardi Wazir , Riyanto Mochammad
Published: February 2021

The behavior of blue swimming crab (BSC) (Portunus pelagicus) to the collapsible pot is observed to redesign the entrance of the pot with high effectiveness. The purpose of this study is to analyze the behavior response of BSC to the entrance gate of the collapsible pot by laboratory experiments. The behavior response of the BSC (100-150 mm of carapace width (CW), n= 15) to the two angles of the entrance gate, that were 200 as control and 400 as a modification of the collapsible pot. The movement and speed of the crab to the entrance gate were observed by using CCTV Camera. The results showed that the percentage of crabs failed to find the entrance was higher than crab that be successful to enter the pot. The crab that failed to find the entrance was 43% for control and 52% for modification pot, while the crab that be successful to enter was 24% for control pot and 19% for modification pot. There were five movement patterns of crab to the pot i.e. straight to entrance, side to entrance, side to side, entrance to side, and straight to side. The average speed of entrance crab was 127.89 ± 46.48 for control, and 88.45 ± 5.74 for modification pot. Keywords: behavior, response, blue swimming crab, collapsible pot, Portunus pelagicus
Wave Energy Potential for Development of Renewable Energy in Riau Archipelago Province
Authors: Putra Risandi Dwirama , Bachtiar Ibnu Kahfi , Cahyo Tri Nur , Suhana Mario Putra , Sianturi Oksto Ridho , Siringoringo Rikoh Manogar , Sari Ni Wayan Purnama , Abrar Muhammad , Suryanti Ani , Agust Satria , Syakti Agung Dhamar
Published: February 2021

Energy and electricity demand in Riau Islands is increasing rapidly due to the fast-growing population, urbanization, industrial development, and economic growth. The limitations of energy and electricity in the Riau Islands caused frequent blackouts. To support the high demand for energy and electricity in the Riau Islands, renewable energy is the most suitable alternative energy solution. Renewable energy is not only playing a key role in providing energy but also providing long-term clean and sustainable energy. We investigated the wave energy potential in the Riau Islands Sea in four different consecutive monsoons (North monsoon, East monsoon, South Monsoon and West Monsoon) using ECMWF data during January 2018 to December 2018 with 0.125o x 0.125o and 6 hourly spatial and temporal resolutions. We extracted bathymetry data from NOAA’s database ETOPO1 and forecasting wave characteristics use the SPM (Shore Protection Manual) method. The potential wave energy simulation from significant wave height (Hs) and energy period (Te) was shown in spatial distribution based on different monsoon. Our studies found that the potential wave energy was higher in north monsoon with maximum spatial of wave power density 3.240 – 3.640 kW.m-1. The east monsoon tended to be lower potential wave energy with dominance of wave power density at 0 – 0.127 kW.m-1. Keywords: wave power density, potential wave energy, ECWFM, monsoon
Sediment Porosity Investigation of Tidal Zone in Teluk Penyu Cilacap, Indonesia
Authors: Haryono Florencius Eko Dwi , Suripto Hydian , Trenggono Mukti
Published: February 2021

The sediment fraction is the grain size, sorting and composition of the sediment, while sediment porosity is the ratio of the volume of the cavity in total volume. The cavity in marine sediment is a habitat of decomposing organisms.  The research aimed to analyze the relationship between the fraction and porosity of tidal zone sediments in coastal of Teluk Penyu Cilacap. This survey method used sediment core samplers, sediments fractions used sieve method and the porosity used method of Reeve (1986), and analysis used software SPSS20. The results showed that tidal zone sediments in coastal of Teluk Penyu Cilacap were dominated by the fine sand with percentage when high water was higher than low water. Based on mean size diameter, sediment near Serayu river was found medium sand and far was fine sand. Based on linear regression, the relation between sediment fraction and porosity at high water and low water was obtained very weak, but when low water was found in opposite condition to the high water, that the greater of sediment diameter was smaller of porosity.  High porosity indicates a wider space between the sediments and allows more decomposing organisms. It is important to consider the results of the clearing of organic matter which affects to fish resources in coastal waters. Keywords: sediment fractions, porosity, teluk penyu
Smart-Urea-Controlled-Release-Nitrogen-Fertilizer Menggunakan Plastik Biodegradable Poli Asam Laktat Sebagai Carrier
Authors: Kaavessina Mujtahid , Husnabilqis Chitra , Hardiyanti Meylani Tri
Published: February 2021

Poly lactic acid is a polymer that has been developed as an alternative to substitution of conventional polymers. The properties of this polymer are biodegradable in nature and non-toxic substances. These polymers potentially can be used as a matrix for urea carries. The aim of this research was to synthesize poly lactic acid in a low molecular weight. This product can be used as a matrix that urea release controller during the process of fertilization. The methodology consisted of two stages. The first stage was polycondensation of lactic acid and degradability test. Lactic acid was mixed with SnCl2 catalyst 0.1% and heated to 138oC for 24 hours. The second stage was producing in the form of Smart Urea Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer (CRNF). Urea was dissolved in poly lactic acid through a heating process at 150°C to dissolve urea with variation in urea concentration weight of  0.5%; 0.1%; 0.15%; 0.2%; 0.25%; 0.3% and CRNF granulation processes. Finally, the mixture was granulated in ambient temperature. Chemical analysis was done the molecular weight of poly lactic acid. The relationship between intrinsic viscosity  and  molecular  weight  was  used.  The  IR  spectra  (FTIR)  was  used  to  fine molecular structure. The release testing of urea from the matrix of poly lactic acid uses UV-VIS Spectrophotometer. The results showed that the average molecular weight of poly lactic acid is 1149.49 g /gmol. FTIR spectra of CRNF with variation in urea concentration weight showed the presence of groups owned by poly lactic acid and urea. The peaks are

1627.03 to 1629.92 cm-1 for the -NH group and 3478.77 to 3498.06 cm-1 for group -OH. The existence of these groups proves the existence of urea in CRNF. The release of urea from poly lactic acid occurs by diffusion. It can be seen, when urea in CRNF form immersed in water, the concentration of urea in water increase as well as the increasing immersed time.
Phase Control of TiO2 Prepared by TiCl4 Hydrolysis and Electrochemical Method
Authors: Nur Adrian , Jumari Arif , Fajaroh Fauziatul , Nazriati Nazriati
Published: February 2021

The phase structure of  TiO2   dependent on  applications. It  is  importat to develop an effective method to control the phase structure of TiO2. In this study, the TiO2 was synthesized by TiCl4 hydrolysis method. The control of hydrolysis was done by electrochemical method  in  a  cell  consisting  of  two  plate  carbon  as  electrodes.  The electrodes distance was set to 2.6 to 4 cm and immersed in solution at dimensions of (5 ×

2) cm. The electrodes were connected to the positive and negative terminals of a DC power supply for 1 to 2.5 hours. The voltage was varied from 5 to 15 V at constant stirring and room temperature. The resulted suspension was aged for 48 hours. The solution was

filtered. The powder dried directly in an oven at 150°C for 2 hours, washed 2 times, and dried again 60 °C for 6 hours. In this work, the voltage, electrode distance, and TiCl4 initial concentration can control the phase structure of TiO2.
Chromium Metal Biosorption Using Peanut Shell Adsorbent
Authors: Annida Siti , Inayati Inayati , Setiawati Fera
Published: February 2021

One of the negative effects of the industrial growth is the presence of hazardous waste such as heavy metals. Chromium (VI) is a heavy metal which acts as the pollutant for  the  environment. Chromium concentration in  water  can  be  reduced using some methods. Adsorption is the most favorite method. Some of the biomass can be processed into adsorbent. This work was aimed to produce biosorbent from peanuts shell. The adsorbent was then used to adsorb chromium contented in water. Sodium hydroxide solution 0.5 M was used to activate peanut shell. Produced biosorbent was characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy. The results showed that optimum condition for chromium adsorption was achieved at 30 minutes contact time with maximum adsorbed chromium of 0.022 mg/g adsorbent. The adsorption mechanism was in a good agreement with Langmuir isotherm.
Performance Test of Starch-g-Polyacrylamide Synthesized through Grafting as a Flocculant in Artificial Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Kaavessina Mujtahid , Fatimah Ina , Soraya Suci
Published: February 2021

Flocculation is one of the steps to get clean water. Grafted flocculant was successfully synthesized by combining the benefits of synthetic polymers (polyacrylamide) and natural polymers (cassava starch). This synthesis used “grafting to” method and passed through two stages, i.e. (i) the synthesis of non-terminated polyacrylamide (nt-PAM) and followed by (ii) grafting of non-terminated polyacrylamide (nt-PAM) on the cassava starch. The obtained flocculants were analyzed their molecular structure to determine the success of grafting. Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR) spectra were verifying that polyacrylamide can be attached in the starch molecules. Both neat starch and modified starch were studied as a backbone. The molecular weight of the flocculant is increasing as the increase of acrylamide concentration and polymerization time. The effectiveness of flocculation is relating with the molecular weight. However, the longer chains of attached polyacrylamide show better performance during flocculation than that of shorter chains although the molecular weight was same. The best performance was showed for the flocculant that using: (i) modified starch of cassava as a backbone, (ii) acrylamide concentration of 0.02 M and (iii) polymerization time of 90 minutes. As monitored, it could reduce the turbidity of artificial wastewater about 87,81 %
Optimization of Cow’s Milk Processing into Milk Soap Bar on Small-Medium-Micro Enterprises (UMKM)
Authors: Susanti Ari Diana , Saputro Sulistyo , Wibowo Wusana Agung
Published: February 2021

The quality and quantity of cow’s milk produced were determined by the genetic, food, age, milking processing, and the treatment of cattle. The storability of fresh cow's milk tends to be short. Therefore, it is necessary to find ways to extend the life time of fresh cow's milk, one of which is by processing fresh cow's milk into other products, such as milk soap bar. The purpose of this study was to determine the appropriate method of milk soap bar production in home industries capacity and to formulate composition of vegetable oils and fresh cow's milk. The milk soap bar obtained then was analyzed in several laboratory tests such as acidity test (pH), moisture content, free alkaline content, and foam stability. Based on the research, it is turned out that the appropriate method of milk soap bar production was the cold process. The optimum formula is olive oil (11%), coconut oil (22%), palm oil (22%), fresh cow's milk (33%), and NaOH pellets (12% - equivalent to 9.2 N). The free alkaline content will decrease according the curing time. Simpler economic evaluation obtained that the production cost of milk was Rp.6,711.22/package of 80 grams of milk soap bar. Milk soap bar  is sold for Rp. 7,000.00 will provide 87.96% after-tax of ROI, 11.7

– month of POT, and 65.31% of BEP.
Glucomannan sponges: Effect of different amount of SLS and Sodium Hydroxide.
Authors: Fadilah Fadilah , Trianto Shidiq , Prakoso Tri Nova
Published: February 2021

Abstract.  An attempt to increase the economic value of porang flour was made by utilizing it for making of sponge. The sponge was made by direct foaming of glucomannan solution with the addition of SLS and NaOH. Dried sponge were obtained through freezing-thawing process followed by drying. The effect of amount of SLS and NaOH were investigated. It was found that increasing amount of SLS and NaOH made the cell size of the sponge smaller. While there was no tendency for swelling degree accordance to the various amount of SLS, the increasing amount of NaOH caused in increasing the swelling degree.

 

Keywords: sponge, glucomannan, sodium laureth sulphate (SLS), sponge cell size, swelling degree.
Pengaruh Laju Alir Umpan dan Arus Recycle Terhadap Proses Fermentasi Bioetanol Menggunakan Integrated Aerobic-Anaerobic Baffled Reactor (IAABR)
Authors: Margono Margono , Manfaat Muhammad Azis Rigit , Hutomo Afianto Suryo , Ramadhani Aida Nur
Published: February 2021

Abstrak. Bahan bakar berbasis minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi utama yang digunakan di dunia. Namun, ada masalah di masa depan dengan cadangan minyak bumi yang menurun. Oleh karena itu beralih ke sumber energi alternatif adalah suatu keharusan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh laju alir umpan dan laju alir daur ulang terhadap proses fermentasi bioetanol menggunakan baffled reactor aerob-anaerobik terintegrasi, khususnya terhadap produksi bioetanol dan konsumsi gula. Proses start up dijalankan dengan volume kerja medium 25 L selama 54 jam inkubasi. Aliran daur ulang bervariasi menjadi 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam ketika feed rate 12,6 L/jam. Dalam percobaan lain, laju aliran umpan dijalankan pada 5 dan 12,6 L/jam ketika laju aliran daur ulang adalah 10 L/jam. Sampel kaldu diambil secara berkala untuk pengukuran konsentrasi bioetanol, populasi ragi dan sisa gula konsumsi. Percobaan menghasilkan konsentrasi bioetanol tertinggi sebesar 14% v/v pada limbah reaktor. Ini lebih tinggi dari proses tanpa daur ulang media proses. Namun demikian, tidak ada perbedaan pengaruh laju alir daur ulang 5 L/jam dan 10 L/jam terhadap produksi bioetanol.

 

Abstract. Petroleum based fuel is the main energy source used in the world. However, there is a future problem with the declined petroleum reserves. Therefore changing to alternative energy resource is a must. This reserach was to investigate the effects of feed flowrate and recycle flow rate on bioethanol fermentation process using integrated aerobic-anaerobic baffled reactor, especially on bioethanol production and sugar consumption. Start up process was run with working volume of 25 L medium for 54 hours incubation. The recycle flow varried into 5 L/h and 10 L/h when the feed rate was 12.6 L/h. In other experiments, the feed flow rate  was run at 5 and 12.6 L/h when the recycle flow rate was 10 L/h. The broth samples were taken out periodically for measurements of bioethanol concentration, yeast population and residual sugar of consumptions. The experiments results in the highest bioethanol concentration of 14% v/v at the effluent of reactor. It is higher from the process without recyle of process medium. Nevertherless, no difference effect of the recycle flow rate of 5 L/h and 10 L/h on the bioethanol production.

 

Keywords: Bioethanol, Baffled Reactor, Feed, Recycle
Morphometry and description of Microchiroptera roosting site at the Bodogol Nature Education and Conservation Center
Authors: Fitria Anisa , Anisa Nurrismawati  , Mochammad Rafli Noer Haiqal  , Tassya Aulianisa  , Qurota ‘Aini  , Ade Suryanda  , Yulilina Retno Dewahrani
Published: February 2021

Kelelawar merupakan satu–satunya mamalia yang memiliki kemampuan untuk terbang. Kelelawar dapat dibedakan berdasarkan ukuran tubuh dan jenis pakannya. Megachiroptera merupakan pemakan buah dan nektar umumnya memiliki ukuran tubuh yang besar, bola mata besar dan memiliki moncong seperti anjing. Sedangkan Microchiroptera merupakan pemakan serangga, dan memiliki ukuran tubuh yang lebih kecil, bola mata yang lebih kecil dan memiliki bentuk wajah yang beragam. Kelelawar umumnya ditemukan bertengger di gua. Namun tidak menutup kemungkinan terjadi peralihan tempat bertengger seperti yang ditemukan di PPKA Bodogol. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran mengenai Microchiroptera di PPKA Bodogol melalui studi morfometri dan deskripsi bangunan bertengger pada kelelawar yang ditemukan di PPKA Bodogol.
Daya reproduksi aseksual beberapa genus bambu di Kebun Raya Bogor, Jawa Barat
Authors: Ardhiani Nur Annisa , Yanuar Rizki Aditya , Rani Anastasia Juwita , Rizky Nur Asma , Supriyatin Supriyatin , Aulya Nailul Rahmi
Published: February 2021

Pemanfaatan rebung yang berlebihan dapat mengganggu daya reproduksi bambu sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian lebih lanjut terkait daya reproduksi bambu. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis perbedaan daya reproduksi aseksual berbagai genus bambu dan kondisi lingkungan yang mempengaruhinya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Raya Bogor (KRB). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Lokasi tumbuh bambu yang paling mendukung daya reproduksi bambu terdapat pada lokasi 3 (sekitar sungai) yang memiliki kondisi lingkungan paling sesuai bagi daya reproduksi bambu. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat menjadi pertimbangan berbagai pihak agar lebih meningkatkan upaya konservasi genus bambu yang memiliki daya reproduksi tidak tergolong tinggi. Manfaat penelitian ini adalah penyedia acuan penelitian dan informasi mengenai daya reproduksi bambu.