bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Evaluation of DBSKKV Developed Fruit harvesters for Matured Nutmeg Harvesting
Authors: Pachangane A. A. , Dhande K. G. , Nalawade V. S.
Published: September 2021

Nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.) is an important tree spice which produces two different spices. Harvesting should be done at proper stage of maturity in order to maintain their nutrients level as attaining desirable quality. Presently, the method adopted for harvesting nutmeg in Konkan region is done manually. The DBSKKV, Dapoli has developed four different fruit harvesters. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the field performance and check feasibility for harvesting of matured Nutmeg fruits with DBSKKV, Dapoli developed fruit harvesters. The performance of the DBSKKV developed fruit harvesters for matured Nutmeg fruit were evaluated in terms of harvesting capacity (kg/h), damage fruit per cent, total harvesting time (h), labour requirement and economics of Nutmeg harvesting. The average harvesting capacity of Naveen Mango harvester, Nutan Mango harvester, Atul Sapota harvester and Multi fruit harvester foe matured Nutmeg harvesting was found to be 51.33 Nos./h (2.79 kg/h), 61 Nos./h (2.78 kg/h), 51.33 Nos./h (2.92 kg/h) and 144.66 nos./h (5.63 kg/h) respectively. The average damage fruit per cent for Naveen Mango harvester, Nutan Mango harvester, Atul Sapota harvester and Multi fruit harvester for matured                      Nutmeg harvesting were found to be 25.73%, 25.79%, 17.02% and 7.76% respectively. The cost of operation of Naveen Mango harvester, Nutan Mango harvester, Atul Saopta harvester and Multi fruit harvester for matured Nutmeg harvesting was found to be Rs 18.21/kg, Rs 18.44/kg, Rs 17.53/kg and Rs 9.01/kg respectively. Among the evaluated DBSKKV, Dapoli fruit harvesters for matured Nutmeg harvesting, Multi fruit harvester perform better with minimum damage of fruits.
Genetic Variability Studies for Yield and Yield Related Attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Genotypes
Authors: Dinesh Babburi , Lal Gaibriyal M. , Bhanuprasad L.
Published: September 2021

A set of twenty four rice genotypes including one check variety were grown to estimate study genetic variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation and path coefficient for 13 quantitative characters, observation recorded to study the genetic variability parameters, correlation coefficient and path coefficient for yield and its attributing traits. High to moderate estimates of GCV and PCV were recorded for test weight followed by spikelets per panicle, grain yield per plant, flag leaf width, flag leaf length, tillers per hill, biological yield and panicles per hill. Grain yield indicated significant positive correlation with plant height followed by tillers per hill, panicles per hill, biological yield and harvest index in terms of phenotypic correlation coefficient whereas in terms of genotypic coefficient it showed positive and significant correlation with plant height, tillers per hill, panicles per hill, biological yield and harvest index. Path coefficient analysis showed positive significant direct effects on grain yield per hill were exhibited by plant height, tillers per hill and harvest index at genotypic level whereas it showed positive and significant direct effect for tillers per hill, flag leaf width, biological yield and harvest index at phenotypic level. Thus, these traits are identified as the efficient and potential for indirect selection for the improvement of rice productivity in the present experimental materials.
Leptospirosis in COVID-19 Positive Pregnancy: A Rare Case Report Mimicking Hellp Syndrome
Authors: Singh Aarshika , Tayade Surekha , Thadiboina Ooha , Srinidhi Cherukuri
Published: September 2021

Leptospirosis in pregnancy is often underdiagnosed and not commonly reported due to its unusual appearance and rarity. It looks like HELLP syndrome, obstetric cholestasis, viral hepatitis & pregnancy-related acute fatty liver. Miscarriages in the first trimester, stillbirths, and neonatal leptospirosis are serious complications that necessitate a high degree of concern, heightened sensitivity, and prompt diagnosis and treatment. We have one such incidence of leptospirosis in a COVID-19 positive pregnant female. A 21-year-old Primigravida with a predisposition of serious anaemia & thrombocytopenia, presented with fever, haematemesis, malena and sore throat at 38 weeks and 2 days gestation, during the COVID-19 pandemic. She had pallor, oedema, and haematuria on catheterization, rest all investigations were within normal limits. Proteinuria, haemolysis, low platelets, and elevated bilirubin were discovered during the investigation. Due to the lack of hypertension and elevated transaminases, the working diagnosis was atypical haemolysis, low platelets (HELLP) syndrome. The patient was tested for COVID-19 RT-PCR, came out to be positive and the fever spikes continued, leading to further investigations for Dengue, Malaria, Scrub Typhus, and Leptospirosis due to the ongoing Covid-19 pandemic. After the EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay) IgM antibody (confirmatory for Leptospirosis) tested positive for Leptospirosis, the decision to start Doxycycline was made. Meanwhile, the patient's CTG (Cardio tocograph) revealed signs of foetal distress, and a decision for an emergency LSCS was taken (Lower Segment Caesarean Section). The histology of the placenta after the section revealed normal findings. Doxycycline was initiated with a neonatal feeding regimen that was acceptable. On day two of life, the newborn had no indications of inherited leptospirosis and was removed from Neonatal Intensive Care. Within one week, the patient's symptoms had disappeared, and her biochemistry had went back to normal within 2 weeks.
Perceived work ability and work-family conflict in healthcare workers: An observational study in a teaching hospital in Italy
Authors: La Torre Giuseppe , Grima Daniela , Romano Ferdinando , Polimeni Antonella
Published: September 2021

Objective

The aim of the study was to investigate the variables associated with work ability, work-family conflict and the relationship between these variables.

Methods

An observational prospective study was conducted and involved 436 employees of a Teaching Hospital in Rome. Data collection was performed using the following tools: the Work Ability Index (WAI) and the Work-to-family conflict and Family-to-work conflict Scale (WFC—FWC Scale). Data were analyzed through univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate linear regression, using the SPSS software version 25.

Results

A direct relationship of the WFC score with two variables (female gender and physicians) and an inverse relationship with other two variables (age and administrative staff) were found. There is a direct relationship between the FWC score and the variable “having sons”. The WFC and FWC scores showed a direct relationship between them.

The Work Ability presented an almost significant association only with the profession variable, in which administrative staff, followed by physicians, presented a higher WAI score with respect to other professional categories, such as nurses.

Conclusions

Wellbeing intervention for health workers should be directed mainly to women, older workers and those with sons. In addition, more attention should be given to nurses, who showed lower work ability scores.
Geographies of Beer, Wine, and Spirits
Authors: Hoalst‐Pullen Nancy , Patterson Mark
Published: September 2021

Alcohol has been an integral part of many societies over millennia. Regardless of the type, strength, inception, or ingredients, alcoholic beverages like wine, beer, and spirits have played important cultural and symbolic roles in observing traditions and rituals, constructing behavioral norms and values, prescribing medical remedies, and upholding social systems and cultural constructs. In addition to their functional symbolic values, wine, beer, and spirits impart distinct geographies of origin, production, and consumption.
Tourism, Environmental Change
Authors: Solberg Anna M.
Published: September 2021

Being one of the largest industries in the world, and growing at an exceptional rate, makes tourism a concept worth exploring from a geographic perspective. Because the tourism industry has linkages across every continent and every environment, there is priority in understanding how the industry is impacting those environments at both a local and a global level. Money spent by tourists at a destination directly influences the host economy and the wellbeing of local populations, can contribute to conservation efforts, and can greatly shape development there. However, tourism also manages to affect the entire landscape of the destination in potentially negative ways in a similar manner: the local economy, the local society, and the environment. There is great importance in understanding how those linkages work and how the various phenomena of tourism are impacting the local and global environment.
Alternative/Diverse Economies
Authors: Schmid Benedikt
Published: September 2021

Alternative economies and diverse economies refer to the heterogenous ways in which humans organize and govern their common survival and wellbeing with an emphasis on processes that diverge (intentionally or not) from private accumulation of monetary value, market competition, and the commodification of essentials and life itself. This entry unravels the different lines of thought and practice that comprise the field(s) of alternative and diverse economies while maintaining an integrative perspective. It outlines alternative proposals with respect to six common points of contention – growth, property, markets, labor, heteronomy, and exploitation.
Monitoring function‐based active disturbance rejection control for uncertain systems with unknown control directions
Authors: Teixeira Aline , Gouvea Josiel Alves , Zachi Alessandro Rosa Lopes , Rodrigues Victor Hugo Pereira , Oliveira Tiago Roux
Published: September 2021

This paper proposes an improved active disturbance rejection control (ADRC) method for output tracking of uncertain plants with unknown control direction. A basic design procedure in the ADRC methodology is to assume the exact knowledge of the system control direction, that is, the sign of its input channel coefficient. Recent works have been proposed to relax such a requirement by performing modifications in its control structure. However, despite considering uncertainties in the input coefficient, many variants of the ADRC method still assume the knowledge of the control direction, which means that the control gain is uncertain in norm, but not in sign. For solving the latter case, and also aiming to generalize the earlier ADRC results for a larger class of systems, the present work incorporates the concept of monitoring functions in the controller design. It is a switching‐based strategy whose main function is to determine the correct sign of the control direction, which is directly related to the sign of the plant input channel coefficient. As a consequence of the resulting new control method, exponential stability with respect to a small residual set is guaranteed for the output tracking problem in closed‐loop. Numerical simulations are performed and discussed initially in an academical example, only for comparing the robustness properties concerning the unknown control direction of the proposed strategy with another ADRC methodology. In the sequence, the proposed ADRC strategy based on monitoring function is applied to the automotive plant system of an Anti‐Lock Braking System for illustrating its performance.
In‐Materio Reservoir Computing in a Sulfonated Polyaniline Network
Authors: Usami Yuki , van de Ven Bram , Mathew Dilu G. , Chen Tao , Kotooka Takumi , Kawashima Yuya , Tanaka Yuichiro , Otsuka Yoichi , Ohoyama Hiroshi , Tamukoh Hakaru , Tanaka Hirofumi , van der Wiel Wilfred G. , Matsumoto Takuya
Published: September 2021

A sulfonated polyaniline (SPAN) organic electrochemical network device (OEND) is fabricated using a simple drop‐casting method on multiple Au electrodes for use in reservoir computing (RC). The SPAN network has humidity‐dependent electrical properties. Under high humidity, the SPAN OEND exhibits mainly ionic conduction, including charging of an electric double layer and ionic diffusion. The nonlinearity and hysteresis of the current–voltage characteristics progressively increase with increasing humidity. The rich dynamic output behavior indicates wide variations for each electrode, which improves the RC performance because of the disordered network. For RC, waveform generation and short‐term memory tasks are realized by a linear combination of outputs. The waveform task accuracy and memory capacity calculated from a short‐term memory task reach 90% and 33.9, respectively. Improved spoken‐digit classification is realized with 60% accuracy by only 12 outputs, demonstrating that the SPAN OEND can manage time series dynamic data operation in RC owing to a combination of rich dynamic and nonlinear electronic properties. The results suggest that SPAN‐based electrochemical systems can be applied for material‐based computing, by exploiting their intrinsic physicochemical behavior.
Bioinspired Underwater Adhesives
Authors: Fan Hailong , Gong Jian Ping
Published: September 2021

Underwater adhesives are in high demand in both commercial and industrial sectors. Compared with adhesives used in dry (air) environments, adhesives used for wet or submerged surfaces in aqueous environments have specific challenges in development and performance. In this review, focus is on adhesives demonstrating macroscopic adhesion to wet/underwater substrates. The current strategies are first introduced for different types of underwater adhesives, and then an overview is provided of the development and performance of underwater adhesives based on different mechanisms and strategies. Finally, the possible research directions and prospects of underwater adhesives are discussed.
Magneto‐Responsive Microneedle Robots for Intestinal Macromolecule Delivery
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxuan , Chen Guopu , Fu Xiao , Wang Yuetong , Zhao Yuanjin
Published: September 2021

Oral administration is the most convenient and commonly used approach for drug delivery, while it is still a challenge to overcome the complicated gastrointestinal barriers and realize efficient macromolecular drug absorption. Here, novel magneto‐responsive microneedle robots are presented for efficient oral delivery of versatile macromolecules. These microneedle robots with three components of the magnetic substrate, the separable connection, and tips are generated by a Lego‐brick‐stacking‐inspired multistage 3D fabrication strategy. With the assistance of commercial enteric capsule encapsulation, they can be taken orally and be released when entering the small intestine. Benefitting from their polarized magnetic substrate, the tips of the microneedle robots can orient to the small intestinal wall, overcome the barriers, insert into the tissue, and deliver encapsulated actives under specific magnetic fields. Besides, after the separable connection degrades, the tips can be left inside the tissue for continuous actives release, and the magnetic substrate can be excreted safely. Based on these features, the practical values of the microneedle robots are demonstrated by using them to orally deliver insulin and efficiently regulate the blood glucose of pigs. It is believed that the proposed microneedle robots can orally deliver diverse macromolecules and thus open a new chapter for oral administration.
Post‐Transition Metal Electrodes for Sensing Heavy Metal Ions by Stripping Voltammetry
Authors: Zheng Jiewei , Rahim Md. Arifur , Tang Jianbo , Allioux Francois‐Marie , Kalantar‐Zadeh Kourosh
Published: September 2021

Heavy metal ions contamination is an ever‐growing threat to human health and ecosystems. Analytic sensing of heavy metal ions is a prerequisite step toward addressing this challenge. Electroanalytical technique is an effective and convenient way to detect heavy metal ions. Especially, stripping voltammetry techniques have been utilized for sensing metal ions at trace levels in different sample matrices. The choice of the working electrode materials plays a decisive role in the precision and sensitivity of stripping voltammetry. Post‐transition metals (including elements in group 12) are elements with low melting points, demonstrating unique properties including amalgamation with heavy metal ions that enhance the performance of stripping voltammetry during the pre‐concentration step, which make them particularly suitable for heavy metal ion sensing. Here, for better understanding the features and advantages of post‐transition metals in stripping voltammetry, eight classes of working electrodes based on zinc (Zn), mercury (Hg), gallium (Ga), indium (In), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), and bismuth (Bi), are reviewed, with their efficiency and effectiveness compared and recent progresses discussed. Additionally, liquid metal electrodes based on post‐transition metals and alloys are also presented. This review provides viable directions for future development of heavy metal ion sensors based on post‐transition metals.
Organic Chiral Spin‐Optics: The Interaction between Spin and Photon in Organic Chiral Materials
Authors: Gao Mingsheng , Qin Wei
Published: September 2021

Recently, the spin‐dependent effects in chiral materials are being intensively explored due to requirements of fundamental research and technological applications. In organic chiral materials, there is a strong electron−phonon coupling, which will affect the magnitude of spin polarization. Moreover, the chirality‐generated orbital angular momentum can also affect spin polarization. Thus, the coupling among the electron spin, orbit, lattice, and photon can be effectively enhanced in organic chiral materials, which allows the existence of magneto‐chiral dichroism, chirality‐induced spin selection effects, magnetic field dependence of circularly polarized light emission and transmission. Recent studies on the electron spin and photon interaction in organic chiral materials are presented and understood here, which provides guidance for the future development and application in organic chiral spin‐optics.
Universal Structural Influence on the 2D Electron Gas at SrTiO3 Surfaces
Authors: Guedes Eduardo B. , Muff Stefan , Brito Walber H. , Caputo Marco , Li Hang , Plumb Nicholas C. , Dil J. Hugo , Radović Milan
Published: September 2021

The 2‐dimensional electron gas (2DEG) found at the surface of SrTiO3 and related interfaces has attracted significant attention as a promising basis for oxide electronics. In order to utilize its full potential, the response of this 2DEG to structural changes and surface modification must be understood in detail. Here, a study of the detailed electronic structure evolution of the 2DEG as a function of sample temperature and surface step density is presented. By comparing the experimental results with ab initio calculations, it is shown that local structure relaxations cause a metal‐insulator transition of the system around 135 K. This study presents a new and simple way of tuning the 2DEG via surface vicinality and identifies how the operation of prospective devices will respond to changes in temperature.
Superiority of laparoscopic liver resection to open liver resection in obese individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma: A retrospective study
Authors: Ishihara Atsushi , Tanaka Shogo , Shinkawa Hiroji , Yoshida Hisako , Takemura Shigekazu , Amano Ryosuke , Kimura Kenjiro , Ohira Go , Nishio Kohei , Kubo Shoji
Published: September 2021

Aim

This study aimed to elucidate the effects of laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) vs open liver resection (OLR) for major complications (Clavien‐Dindo classification grade ≥ IIIa) in obese individuals with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Methods

The clinical records of 339 and 733 patients who underwent LLR and OLR, respectively, for HCC between 2000 and 2019 were retrospectively reviewed. Body mass index (BMI) groups were classified according to the definitions of the World Health Organization: underweight group, BMI ≤ 18.4 kg/m2 (LLR vs OLR: 27 vs 47); normal weight, BMI 18.5‐24.9 kg/m2 (211 vs 483); overweight, BMI 25.0‐29.9 kg/m2 (85 vs 181); and obese, BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2 (16 vs 22). The effects of obesity on major complications after LLR and OLR were investigated.

Results

In total, 18 (5.3%) and 127 (17.3%) patients presented with major complications after LLR and OLR, respectively. There was no significant difference in the incidence of major complications after OLR in the four BMI groups. However, a stepwise decrease in the incidence of major complications after LLR was observed from the underweight to the obese group. In addition, a multivariate analysis revealed that increased BMI was an independent preventive factor for major complications after LLR (P = .026, odds ratio: 0.84). The estimated adjusted risk of major postoperative complications decreased with increased BMI in the LLR group, while the risk did not decrease in the OLR group (P for interaction = .048).

Conclusion

Laparoscopic liver resection is beneficial for obese patients and is superior to OLR.
Long‐acting implantable corticosteroid matrix for chronic rhinosinusitis: Results of LANTERN Phase 2 randomized controlled study
Authors: Cervin Anders , Rimmer Joanne , Wrobel Agnieszka , Abelak Yogen , Brayton Lindsay , Kuang Yina
Published: September 2021

Background

Topical steroids are first‐line treatment for chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), but fail to provide adequate symptom control for all patients. Designed for medical treatment failures, LYR‐210 is an implantable matrix that locally elutes mometasone furoate to inflamed sinonasal tissue for up to 24 weeks in CRS patients. In an open‐label phase 1 study, LYR‐210 demonstrated clinically relevant improvement in the 22‐item Sino‐Nasal Outcome Test (SNOT‐22). Safety and efficacy of LYR‐210 in CRS were evaluated in the LANTERN Phase 2 study.

Methods

Sixty‐seven surgically naive adult CRS patients who were inadequately controlled by previous medical management and seeking an alternative treatment enrolled in a multicenter, blinded, controlled, dose‐ranging study. Patients had moderate‐to‐severe disease based on SNOT‐22 and composite 7‐day average scores of the 4 cardinal CRS symptoms (4CS), with diagnosis confirmed by nasal endoscopy and magnetic resonance imaging. Patients were randomized (1:1:1) to saline irrigation–only control or bilateral in‐office administration of LYR‐210 (2500 μg) or LYR‐210 (7500 μg). Safety and efficacy were evaluated over 24 weeks.

Results

Both LYR‐210 doses were safe and well‐tolerated over the 24‐week treatment period. LYR‐210 demonstrated rapid and durable dose‐dependent symptom improvement based on 4CS and SNOT‐22, with LYR‐210 (7500 μg) achieving statistical significance as early as 8 weeks and out to 24 weeks compared with control. LYR‐210 (7500 μg) reduced rescue treatment use and radiographic ethmoid opacification at week 24.

Conclusions

LYR‐210 is the first implantable sinonasal treatment to achieve up to 24 weeks of benefit from a single administration in surgically naive CRS patients with and without nasal polyps.
A critical appraisal of tau‐targeting therapies for primary and secondary tauopathies
Authors: Imbimbo Bruno P. , Ippati Stefania , Watling Mark , Balducci Claudia
Published: September 2021

Introduction

Primary tauopathies are neurological disorders in which tau protein deposition is the predominant pathological feature. Alzheimer's disease is a secondary tauopathy with tau forming hyperphosphorylated insoluble aggregates. Tau pathology can propagate from region to region in the brain, while alterations in tau processing may impair tau physiological functions.

Methods

We reviewed literature on tau biology and anti‐tau drugs using PubMed, meeting abstracts, and ClnicalTrials.gov.

Results

The past 15 years have seen >30 drugs interfering with tau aggregation, processing, and accumulation reaching the clinic. Initial results with tau aggregation inhibitors and anti‐tau monoclonal antibodies have not shown clinical efficacy.

Discussion

The reasons for these clinical failures are unclear but could be linked to the clearing of physiological forms of tau by non‐specific drugs. Research is now concentrating efforts on developing reliable translational animal models and selective compounds targeting specific tau epitopes, neurotoxic tau aggregates, and post‐translational tau modifications.
Consecutive and Selective Double Methylene Insertion of Lithium Carbenoids to Isothiocyanates: A Direct Assembly of Four‐Membered Sulfur‐Containing Cycles
Authors: Senatore Raffaele , Malik Monika , Langer Thierry , Holzer Wolfgang , Pace Vittorio
Published: September 2021

A formal CH2−CH2 homologation conducted with C1 carbenoids on a carbon electrophile for the obtainment of a four‐membered cycle is reported. The logic proposes the consecutive delivery of two single nucleophilic CH2 units to an isothiocyanate—as competent electrophilic partner—resulting in the assembling of a rare imino‐thietane cluster. The single synthetic operation procedure documents genuine chemocontrol, as indicated by the tolerance to various reactive elements decorating the starting materials. Significantly, the double homologation protocol is accomplished directly on a carbon electrophile, thus not requiring the installation of heteroatom‐centered manifolds (e.g. boron).
A SARS‐CoV‐2 Neutralization Assay Using Single Molecule Arrays
Authors: Gilboa Tal , Cohen Limor , Cheng Chi‐An , Lazarovits Roey , Uwamanzu‐Nna Augusta , Han Isaac , Griswold Kettner , Barry Nick , Thompson David B. , Kohman Richie E. , Woolley Ann E. , Karlson Elizabeth W. , Walt David R.
Published: September 2021

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) manifests with high clinical variability and warrants sensitive and specific assays to analyze immune responses in infected and vaccinated individuals. Using Single Molecule Arrays (Simoa), we developed an assay to assess antibody neutralization with high sensitivity and multiplexing capabilities based on antibody‐mediated blockage of the ACE2‐spike interaction. The assay does not require live viruses or cells and can be performed in a biosafety level 2 laboratory within two hours. We used this assay to assess neutralization and antibody levels in patients who died of COVID‐19 and patients hospitalized for a short period of time and show that neutralization and antibody levels increase over time. We also adapted the assay for SARS‐CoV‐2 variants and measured neutralization capacity in pre‐pandemic healthy, COVID‐19 infected, and vaccinated individuals. This assay is highly adaptable for clinical applications, such as vaccine development and epidemiological studies.
Vertical Graphene Arrays as Electrodes for Ultra‐High Energy Density AC Line‐Filtering Capacitors
Authors: Xu Shichen , Wen Yeye , Chen Zhuo , Ji Nannan , Zou Zhigang , Wu Mingmao , Qu Liangti , Zhang Jin
Published: September 2021

High‐frequency responsive electrochemical capacitor (EC), as an ideal lightweight filtering capacitor, can directly convert alternating current (AC) to direct current (DC). However, current electrodes are stuck in limited electrode area and tortuous ion transport. Herein, strictly vertical graphene arrays (SVGAs) prepared by electric‐field‐assisted plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition have been successfully designed as the main electrode to ensure ions rapidly adsorb/desorb in richly available graphene surface. SVGAs exhibit an outstanding specific areal capacitance of 1.72 mF cm−2 at Φ120=80.6° even after 500 000 cycles, which is far better than that of most carbon‐related materials. Impressively, the output voltage could also be improved to 2.5 V when using organic electrolyte. An ultra‐high energy density of 0.33 μWh cm−2 can also be handily achieved. Moreover, ECs‐SVGAs can well smooth arbitrary AC waveforms into DC signals, exhibiting excellent filtering performance.
Ecological risk assessment of elasmobranchs caught in the Gulf of Papua prawn fishery
Authors: Baje Leontine , Chin Andrew , White William T. , Simpfendorfer Colin A.
Published: September 2021

One‐third of all elasmobranch species currently known to occur in Papua New Guinea are taken as bycatch in the Gulf of Papua trawl fishery. An ecological risk assessment was conducted on the 16 species of sharks and 23 species of rays caught by the fishery.

Eight species were classified to be at low risk, 28 species were at medium risk while three species – Rhynchobatus palpebratus (eyebrow wedgefish), Carcharhinus coatesi (Australian blackspot shark) and Maculabatis astra (blackspotted whipray), all endemic to New Guinea and northern Australia – faced the highest level of risk from the fishery at current fishing levels.

There is potential for more vessels to enter the fishery in future, which is likely to elevate the risk for a greater proportion of elasmobranch species. Ongoing monitoring of bycatch levels, supported by biological and ecological studies on frequently caught species, is required to assess and manage risk in the future.

The development and use of trawl excluder devices or bycatch reduction devices in this fishery have the potential to reduce bycatch levels and reduce risk levels.
A Tri‐state Fluorescent Switch with “Gated” Solid‐state Photochromism Induced by an External Force
Authors: Qian Chen , Ma Zhimin , Liu Jianwei , Zhang Xue , Wang Shitao , Ma Zhiyong
Published: September 2021

Mr. Chen Qian, Dr. Zhimin Ma, Mr. Jianwei Liu, Mrs. Xue Zhang, Prof. Shitao Wang and Prof. Zhiyong Ma. In this article, we report a newly designed molecule composed of a dihydroazulene (DHA) group and a phenothiazine (PTZ) moiety, which achieves aggregation‐induced emission enhancement (AIEE), mechanochromism and “gated” solid‐state photochromism upon stimulation by an external force. Grinding loosens intermolecular interactions in the crystal and causes a red‐shift of fluorescence from 570 nm to 600 nm. Meanwhile, the ring‐opening reaction of DHA unit is activated by grinding and a remarkable photochromism could be observed from the grinded powder. The reddish emission of the grinded powder peaked at 600 nm weakened gradually and finally became dark, and a new absorption band at 470 nm emerged in the absorption spectra. Time‐dependent density functional theory (TD‐DFT) calculation results reveal that the intramolecular intramolecular charge‐transfer (ICT) process is replaced by a locally excited (LE) emission on the DHA group, which leads to the quenching of fluorescence. Its impressive photochromic property inspired us to a simple but effective way to develop an encryption system which can let the correct information be displayed upon external stimulation.
(Re)envisioning considerations for disabled community college students
Authors: Nachman Brett Ranon , Wilke Autumn K.
Published: September 2021

While community colleges enroll high proportions of disabled students, limited research exists on considerations that college personnel should account for in meeting disabled students’ varied needs and strengths. This article explores the impacts of policies and processes on disabled community college students and presents five policy‐related issues and recommendations on how various community college agents with the power to inform and enact policy, including administrators/staff, researchers, and instructors, can best serve disabled community college students.
Carbazole‐Containing Carbadecaphyrins: Non‐aromatic Expanded Porphyrins that Undergo Proton‐Triggered Conformational Changes
Authors: Zhou Weinan , Hao Mengdi , Lu Tian , Duan Zhiming , Sarma Tridib , Sessler Jonathan L. , Lei Chuanhu
Published: September 2021

A pair of meso‐unsubstituted expanded carbaporphyrins containing two carbazole moieties were prepared in high isolated yields (82 and 76 %, respectively). The two macrocycles, namely 3 and 4, differ with respect to their substitution at the carbazole N‐atoms i. e. by H and i‐Bu, respectively. As prepared in their free‐base forms, macrocycles 3 and 4 adopt figure‐of‐eight conformations and are best characterized as 40 π‐electron, non‐aromatic species possessing a decaphyrin(1.1.0.0.0.1.1.0.0.0) skeleton. Protonation of 3 with either trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) or perchloric acid (HClO4) produces a parallelogram‐shaped structure. A similar structure is produced when N‐functionalized system 4 is treated with TFA. In contrast, protonation of 4 with HClO4 leads it to adopt a twisted Möbius strip‐like structure in the solid state, thus allowing access to three distinct conformational states as a function of the conditions.
A Cation Chelation and Reassembly Route to Synthesize a P2‐type Na0.67Ni0.26Mn0.67Mg0.07O2 Cathode Material for High‐performance Sodium Storage
Authors: Xie Chouwei , Ma Xudong , Xu Ruimei , Wang Donghai , Yu Xiao , Liu Yong
Published: September 2021

P2‐type Na2/3Ni1/3Mn2/3O2 (Na‐NM) is an appealing cathode candidate for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) but still suffers a fast capacity decay. Mg doping on the Ni‐site in Na‐NM cathode is an effective way to maintain structural stability, but how to achieve the uniform Mg dopant distribution is still a problem. Here, we report a facile cation chelation and reassembly route to prepare one‐dimensional Na0.67Ni0.26Mn0.67Mg0.07O2 (Na‐NMM) cathode material with uniform element distribution. When evaluated as a cathode material for SIBs, the lower cut‐off voltage could be set to 1.35 V so that an extra reversible capacity of 61 mAh g−1 is contributed from the Mn4+/Mn3+ couple between 2 and 1.35 V, and a total reversible capacity of 173 mAh g−1 is achieved between 4.25 and 1.35 V at 0.1 C. Moreover, the Na‐NMM cathode shows good cycling performance with a reversible capacity of 83 mAh g−1 after 100 cycles at 1 C.
Genetic progress in physiological and biochemical traits related to grain yield in Moroccan durum wheat varieties from 1984 to 2007
Authors: Boussakouran Abdelali , El Yamani Mohamed , Sakar El Hassan , Rharrabti Yahia
Published: September 2021

Knowledge of the key physiological and biochemical traits related to genetic progress is essential to identify yield‐limiting factors and guide future breeding strategies. The aim of this research was to determine the rate of genetic gain in grain yield and physiological and biochemical traits in Moroccan durum wheat cultivars released from 1984 to 2007. Plants were subjected to two water regimes (irrigated and rainfed) during three growing seasons in order to identify those physiological and biochemical traits associated with grain yield. Grain yield (GY) and diverse physiological and biochemical traits known to be linked to mild drought stress were evaluated at anthesis and postanthesis. Physiological traits included stomatal conductance (gs), transpiration rate (E), chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), chlorophyll content in flag leaf (SPAD), canopy temperature depression (CTD), and relative water content (RWC), whereas biochemical characteristics were leaf proline and water‐soluble carbohydrates (WSC) content. Grain yield tends to increase linearly under irrigated conditions with a genetic gain of 1.75% yr−1, in contrast, no significant change was observed under rainfed conditions. Traits that significantly increased over time were leaf proline content, gs, E, CTD, and SPAD. The changes in GY under irrigated conditions were largely explained by increases in gs during anthesis and postanthesis, CTD at postanthesis, and by leaf proline content at anthesis. Although genetic gains in GY under rainfed conditions could not be detected, leaf proline content and E were strongly associated to GY under these conditions, suggesting their usefulness as selection criteria for GY in water‐limited environments.
Roosting ecology of endangered plant‐roosting bats on Okinawa Island: Implications for bat‐friendly forestry practices
Authors: Preble Jason H. , Vincenot Christian E. , Saito Kazuhiko , Ohte Nobuhito
Published: September 2021

Roosting information is crucial to guiding bat conservation and bat‐friendly forestry practices. The Ryukyu tube‐nosed bat Murina ryukyuana (Endangered) and Yanbaru whiskered bat Myotis yanbarensis (Critically Endangered) are forest‐dwelling bats endemic to the central Ryukyu Archipelago, Japan. Despite their threatened status, little is known about the roosting ecology of these species and the characteristics of natural maternity roosts are unknown. To inform sustainable forestry practices and conservation management, we radio‐tracked day roosts of both species in the subtropical forests of Okinawa's Kunigami Village District. We compared roost and roost site characteristics statistically between M. ryukyuana nonmaternity roosts (males or nonreproductive females), maternity roosts, and all M. yanbarensis roosts. Generalized linear models were used to investigate roost site selection by M. ryukyuana irrespective of sex and age class. Lastly, we compiled data on phenology from this and prior studies. Nonreproductive M. ryukyuana roosted alone and primarily in understory foliage. Murina ryukyuana maternity roosts were limited to stands >50 years old, and ~60% were in foliage. Myotis yanbarensis roosted almost entirely in cavities along gulch bottoms and only in stands >70 years old (~1/3 of Kunigami's total forest area). Murina ryukyuana maternity roosts were higher (4.3 ± 0.6 m) than conspecific nonmaternity roosts (2.3 ± 0.5 m; p < .001) and M. yanbarensis roosts (2.7 ± 0.5 m; not significant). Model results were inconclusive. Both species appear to be obligate plant roosters throughout their life cycle, but the less flexible roosting preferences of M. yanbarensis may explain its striking rarity. To conserve these threatened bats, we recommend the following forestry practices: (a) reduce clearing of understory vegetation, (b) refrain from removing trees along streams, (c) promote greater tree cavity densities by protecting old‐growth forests and retaining snags, and (d) refrain from removing trees or understory between April and July, while bats are pupping.
Bench Test of a Hydraulic Biofluid Based on Refined Pomace Oil
Authors: Fanigliulo Roberto , Bondioli Paolo , Fornaciari Laura , Folegatti Liliana , Grilli Renato , Benigni Stefano , Calderari Igor , Pochi Daniele
Published: September 2021

This paper aims at investigating the possibility of replacing conventional hydraulic fluids with refined olive pomace oil added with a common food grade antioxidant, as hydraulic fluid for agricultural machinery. The fluid efficiency test is carried out using an experimental test rig based on a hydraulic system designed to apply severe work cycles (pressure values up to 40 MPa; temperatures up to 100 °C) to small oil volumes with the aim of strongly accelerating the ageing of the tested fluid. The fluid, added with 2 g kg−1 of antioxidant, apparently does not undergo any changes in chemical‐physical properties and maintains stable the technical performance of the test equipment during 530 h work cycle. This research has four different goals: i) to contribute to the circular economy, by using olive oil byproducts in agricultural environment; ii) to contribute to the reduction of environmental contamination by substituting petroleum products with natural biodegradable ones; iii) to contribute to avoid the presence of mineral products (such as saturated hydrocarbons, which could accumulate in human organs, and aromatic hydrocarbons, which are potentially genotoxic), as a residue in food products and in vegetable oils. iv) to identify alternative market possibilities for such a by‐product.

Practical applications: The results of the study seem to indicate the possibility of using the olive pomace oil as hydraulic fluid, for example, in agricultural machinery, opening new market perspectives which would increase its added value.
Late Quaternary landscape evolution and paleoenvironmental implications from multiple geomorphic dryland systems, Orog Nuur Basin, Mongolia
Authors: Nottebaum Veit , Stauch Georg , van der Wal Jorien L. N. , Zander Anja , Schlütz Frank , Shumilovskikh Lyudmila , Reicherter Klaus , Batkhishig Ochirbat , Lehmkuhl Frank
Published: September 2021

This study investigates the late Quaternary development of the sedimentary system of Orog Nuur Basin in southern Mongolia. Geomorphological archives (lacustrine sediments and beach ridges, alluvial fans, aeolian deposits, peat) recorded palaeoenvironmental change from marine isotope stage (MIS) 7 to the late Holocene. Synthesizing the variety of archives allows a better understanding of geomorphological interactions in arid regions and palaeoenvironmental implications for the area. By performing palaeoshoreline mapping and dating, we identified eight palaeolake levels resulting in a refined lake level history of Orog Nuur. The highest reliably dated shoreline is about 56 m higher than today's lake level and provides evidence for a late MIS 5 lake level between 100 and 75 thousand years (ka). Reconstructions yield a minimum volume estimate of 24.5 km3, delineating a lake that is 153 times larger than that of today (0.16 km3). Massive lake extensions occurred also during MIS 3 and the Holocene. The geomorphological investigation reveals late MIS 5 and MIS 3 lake expansions were of similar magnitude. The palaeoenvironmental reconstruction from early Holocene archives indicates that lake expansion was caused by an increase in precipitation and meltwater inflow from the surrounding mountain systems. Afterwards, lake levels declined with some intermittent highstands during the mid‐Holocene (7–5 ka), indicating a general trend towards a lower water inflow throughout the Holocene. Palynological reconstructions of the alpine vegetation development reveal that mid‐Holocene highstands (c. 6.5 ka and 5.5 ka) were fed by higher precipitation in the nearby Gurvan Bogd range. Mountain silts, basin silty sands, and Holocene dune deposits provide further evidence for paleoenvironmental change. As controlling factors of the sedimentary system, we identified changes in effective moisture, higher precipitation values and the contribution of meltwater. Orog Nuur Basin archives are valuable for landscape and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and for comparisons in supraregional reconstruction approaches.
Market inefficiencies surrounding energy announcements
Authors: Alturki Sultan , Kurov Alexander
Published: September 2021

We use sequential energy inventory announcements to shed new light on the informational efficiency of financial markets. Our findings provide clear evidence of inefficiency in crude oil futures and stock markets. This inefficiency can be exploited by sophisticated traders. We examine the effect of market liquidity on the efficient incorporation of information in this setting. We also construct a predictor that can predict inventory surprises and preannouncement returns in‐sample and out‐of‐sample. Finally, we develop a combination forecast that can be used as a proxy for market expectations of oil inventory announcements.
Do different means of recording sexual orientation affect its relationship with health and wellbeing?
Authors: Urwin Sean , Mason Thomas , Whittaker William
Published: September 2021

Analyses of an individual's sexual orientation over time are desirable for policy evaluations and in estimating causal effects. We explore whether accounting for those who change sexual orientation over two time points, to create a measure of fluidity, produces substantially different results compared to sexual orientation measured at one time point and extrapolated to subsequent survey waves. We use seven waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study which asked sexual orientation identity questions at two time points: waves three (2011–2013) and nine (2017–2019). Using the relationship with sexual orientation and various health outcomes as an empirical example, via a correlated random effects estimation approach, we find that the infrequent reporting of sexual orientation could over‐estimate the negative impact for lesbian, gay and “other” individuals and under‐estimate the negative impact for bisexuals. We further test the feasibility of the fluidity measure by examining attrition by sexual orientation identity and find small but statistically significant probabilities of attrition. Correction for attrition bias through inverse probability weighting makes little difference to the results. These results highlight the importance of accounting for changes in sexual orientation in empirical analysis and that doing so is feasible.
Front Cover
Authors: Willenbacher Ella , Brunner Andrea , Zelger Bettina , Unterberger Seraphin H. , Stalder Roland , Huck Christian W. , Willenbacher Wolfgang , Pallua Johannes D.
Published: September 2021

Mid‐infrared (MIR) microscopic imaging is a powerful tool for the characterization of tissue sections, allowing the investigation of the spatial distribution of different molecules. In the present study, MIR microscopic imaging and data analysis methods were combined to distinguish between normal lymph node and human lymphomas compared to standard histology. Results showed that MIR imaging can be successfully used to differentiate between normal lymph node and small and large cell human lymphomas.

Further details can be found in the article by Ella Willenbacher, Andrea Brunner, Bettina Zelger, Seraphin H. Unterberger, Roland Stalder, Christian W. Huck, Wolfgang Willenbacher, Johannes D. Pallua (e202100079).

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Omarigliptin protects against nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation
Authors: Li Zeyu , Wang Hong , Wu Kanglin , Zhang Lianfeng
Published: September 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a prevalent liver disease with high morbidity. Omarigliptin is a novel antidiabetic drug that inhibits dipeptidyl peptidase‐4 and alleviates inflammation and insulin resistance. In the present study, the anti‐inflammatory and antioxidative stress property of omarigliptin will be investigated to explore the potential therapeutic effects of omarigliptin on NAFLD in mice models. A high‐fat diet (HFD) was used to induce a NAFLD model in mice. Hematoxylin–eosin staining and detection on the concentrations of total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) were used to evaluate lipid accumulation of the liver tissues. Liver function was evaluated by measuring aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and lactate dehydrogenase. The insulin resistance index, the concentration of glucose, and insulin in the serum were determined. The levels of malondialdehyde and superoxide dismutase activities were detected to access the oxidative stress state. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)‐1α, IL‐6, and CXCL1 were measured using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) p65 and SIRT1 in the liver tissues. Significant elevated body weight and liver weight, marked macrovesicular steatosis combined with hepatocellular ballooning on the liver tissues, accumulated TC and TG concentrations, damaged liver function, increased oxidative stress, and elevated production of inflammatory factors were all induced with an HFD and significantly reversed by treatment with omarigliptin. Also, the activated NF‐κB signaling pathway, as well as suppressed SIRT1 expression level, were significantly reversed by omarigliptin. Omarigliptin protected against NAFLD by ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation.