bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Memory Hole or Right to Delist?
Authors: Rosnay Melanie Dulong de , Guadamuz Andres
Published: November 2016

This article studies the possible impact of the “right to be forgotten” (RTBF) on the preservation of native digital heritage. It analyses the extent to which archival practices may be affected by the new right, and whether the web may become impossible to preserve for future generations, risking to disappear from memories and history since no version would be available in public or private archives. Collective rights to remember and to memory, free access to information and freedom of expression, seem to clash with private individuals’ right to privacy. After a presentation of core legal concepts of privacy, data protection and freedom of expression, we analyse the case of the European Union Court of Justice vs. Google concerning the right to be forgotten, and look deeper into the controversies generated by the decision. We conclude that there is no room for concern for archives and for the right to remember given the restricted application of RTBF.
Legal Implications of Digital Heritagization
Authors: Weber Rolf H. , Chrobak Lennart
Published: November 2016

Due to the development of information and communication technologies as well as the influence of the Internet, life and work of the contemporary society take increasingly place in virtual form and the approach towards knowledge and heritage fundamentally altered. The remarkable sign of this continuous process is the emergence of Digital Heritage, understood as the accumulation of computer-based, valuable materials, which constitutes a digital reflection of societal developments. Different “heritage institutions” from the public sector, such as archives, libraries, museums, but also private undertakings became involved in the related process of Digital Heritagization encompassing cultural, scientific and administrative resources. The objective aimed for is the preservation of the named resources in order to enable future generations to access the collective memory of our society by means of electronic records. Since the digitization of analogue resources and the utilization of born-digital content presupposes inter alia the reproduction and duplication of the content in question, the field of intellectual property law gains particular interest. Thereby, the discussion on the national and international level is characterized by the heterogeneous and partly restrictive legal framework. The contribution takes this new environment as opportunity to approach the legal framework of civil law as well as common law jurisdictions related to digital heritage from a copyright law perspective, with particular reference to the legal exemptions and fair dealings doctrine. In order to emphasize the high practical impact of the issue at stake, recent judgments of the ECJ, the Swiss Federal Tribunal and the S.D.N.Y. (Google Books Case) assessing the admissibility of the digitalization and related aspects are considered and critically evaluated. On that basis, the future need of legislative measures in order to balance personal proprietary rights and public interests is discussed.
Activating KIR2DS4 Is Expressed by Uterine NK Cells and Contributes to Successful Pregnancy
Authors: Kennedy Philippa R. , Chazara Olympe , Gardner Lucy , Ivarsson Martin A. , Farrell Lydia E. , Xiong Shiqiu , Hiby Susan E. , Colucci Francesco , Sharkey Andrew M. , Moffett Ashley
Published: November 2016

Tissue-specific NK cells are abundant in the pregnant uterus and interact with invading placental trophoblast cells that transform the maternal arteries to increase the fetoplacental blood supply. Genetic case-control studies have implicated killer cell Ig-like receptor (KIR) genes and their HLA ligands in pregnancy disorders characterized by failure of trophoblast arterial transformation. Activating KIR2DS1 or KIR2DS5 (when located in the centromeric region as in Africans) lower the risk of disorders when there is a fetal HLA-C allele carrying a C2 epitope. In this study, we investigated another activating KIR, KIR2DS4, and provide genetic evidence for a similar effect when carried with KIR2DS1. KIR2DS4 is expressed by ∼45% of uterine NK (uNK) cells. Similarly to KIR2DS1, triggering of KIR2DS4 on uNK cells led to secretion of GM-CSF and other chemokines, known to promote placental trophoblast invasion. Additionally, XCL1 and CCL1, identified in a screen of 120 different cytokines, were consistently secreted upon activation of KIR2DS4 on uNK cells. Inhibitory KIR2DL5A, carried in linkage disequilibrium with KIR2DS1, is expressed by peripheral blood NK cells but not by uNK cells, highlighting the unique phenotype of uNK cells compared with peripheral blood NK cells. That KIR2DS4, KIR2DS1, and some alleles of KIR2DS5 contribute to successful pregnancy suggests that activation of uNK cells by KIR binding to HLA-C is a generic mechanism promoting trophoblast invasion into the decidua.
To Evaluate the Effect of Nasal Packing on Blood Oxygen Saturation
Authors: Singh Jagat , Yadav SPS , Gulati Ankit , Singh Surender , Bishnoi Anamika
Published: November 2016

Objective

To study the effect of nasal packing on blood oxygen saturation.

Materials and methods

Study was conducted on 30 patients of deviated nasal septum, who underwent septoplasty under local anesthesia followed by anterior nasal packing. The pulse oximetry was carried out three times on each patient to record the blood oxygen saturation (SpO2) by using digital pulse oximeter. The first reading of SpO2was taken before nasal packing, second after 24 hours of nasal packing and third 3 weeks after surgery. Statistical analysis was done by Chi-square test and paired t-test.

Results

A total of 33.3% patients were below 20 years of age, whereas 60% were between 20 and 30 years of age and 6.7% were above 30 years. Males were 80%. It was observed that preoperative mean SpO2was 98.3 ± 0.794%, after 24 hours of nasal packing was 97.17 ± 1.744% and 3 weeks after surgery was 98.87 ± 0.629%. On statistical analysis, the difference in SpO2was highly significant (p < 0.001).

Conclusion

The application of nasal packs can be risky in old patients, more so having cardiopulmonary disease. The use of packs with airflow is recommended in these patients who should ideally be monitored with pulse oximetry.

How to cite this article

Singh S, Singh J, Kakkar V, Yadav SPS, Bishnoi A, Kathuria B, Gulati A, Sharma C. To Evaluate the Effect of Nasal Packing on Blood Oxygen Saturation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):41-44.
Management of Smoke Inhalational Laryngotracheal Injury: A Modest Experience
Authors: Raman Eswaran Venkata , Anand Vellore Thiruvengadam , Kumari Ainippully Mohanan Anitha , Thaoroijam Dhana Devi , Jose Chacko
Published: November 2016

Smoke inhalation injury (SII) to the airway is frequently seen in victims of accidental or contrived fires. However, with limited publications our knowledge and understanding about SII; and its management is just evolving over the last 50 years. Here, we discuss our experience with the challenges, we apprehended in managing survivors of SII with the objective of contributing to the existing guidelines of management.

How to cite this article

Raman EV, Anand VT, Kumari AMA, Thaoroijam DD, Jose C. Management of Smoke Inhalational Laryngotracheal Injury: A Modest Experience. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):60-63.
Venous Ectasia: A Potential Mimicker for Laryngocele Radiology Covers the Road
Authors: Ashish Gaurav
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Venous ectasia is rare causes of neck mass. Among neck veins, ectasia of the internal jugular vein (IJV) are extremely uncommon. However, this is to be kept in mind when considering differentials for laryngocele.

Objectives

To recognize the similarities between laryngocele and ectasias of the IJV and the differences in their presentation and management.

Study design

Observational.

Setting

Tertiary care hospital, India.

Conclusion

Presenting a 7-year-old boy with a left-sided soft, non-tender neck mass that fluctuated in size with coughing and straining for the past 1 year, presentation classical of laryngocele. Computed tomography (CT) demonstrated marked asymmetrical dilatation of the left IJV in the neck. Color-flow Doppler ultrasonography revealed a solitary cystic lesion with evidence of high venous blood flow in the IJV area. The relevance of radiological evaluation in neck swelling is being highlighted.

How to cite this article

Ashish G, Kurien M. Venous Ectasia: A Potential Mimicker for Laryngocele Radiology Covers the Road. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):64-67.
Transoral Laser Excision of Schwannoma in Base of Tongue: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Ashish Gaurav , Sundereshan Rajan S , Philip Ajay
Published: November 2016

Shwannoma, better known as neurilemmomas, are benign, slow growing, usually solitary and encapsulated tumor, originating from Schwann cells of the nerve sheath. They are exceedingly rare in the base of tongue and, therefore, not immediately thought of as a differential diagnosis of oropharyngeal tumors. However, the key to the diagnosis lies in the histopathologic examination. A number of surgical approaches have been proposed for tongue base Schwannomas with varying degree of postoperative morbidity.

We report a case where a 19-year-old woman presented to us with progressive dysphagia, occasional dysarthria, and was found to have a large tongue base lesion. Diagnosis was confirmed by imaging studies and biopsy. Transoral laser assisted excision of the tumor was done. Histologic identification of Antoni A and B areas along with strong and diffuse staining with S-100 stain confirmed the diagnosis of Schwannoma.

How to cite this article

Ashish G, Sundereshan RS, Philip A. Transoral Laser Excision of Schwannoma in Base of Tongue: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):68-71.
Chondrosarcoma of Larynx: A Case Report with Review of Literature
Authors: Mundhe Rajesh , Tarte Sagar , Patil Prerana , Malik Majeda , Bano Salawa , Chinoy Roshan
Published: November 2016

In spite of being the most common nonepithelial neoplasm, chondrosarcoma makes up only about 0.2% of all head and neck malignancies and approximately 1% of all laryngeal tumors. Primary laryngeal chondrosarcoma is rare with only 300 cases being reported in literature.

Herein, we present a case of 61-year old male who presented with long-standing neck mass. Histopathological examination, revealed it to be a chondrosarcoma arising from cricoid cartilage of larynx. Microscopic features with differential diagnoses and review of literature is being discussed.

How to cite this article

Mundhe R, Tarte S, Patil P, Malik M, Bano S, Chinoy R. Chondrosarcoma of Larynx: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2): 72-74.
Fish in Hypopharynx: A Rare Case Report
Authors: Khatua Rabindra Kumar
Published: November 2016

We present a case of a 10 years old child who swallowed a live fish, which resulted in severe upper airway obstruction. The child presented to the casuality with severe airway obstruction with a history of accidental slippage of a live Koi fish into the throat. He was restless, dysphasic, dyspneic, typically placing his hands in front of his neck. On physical examination, there was suprasternal retraction and bilateral decreased breath sound. Direct laryngoscopy was done and fish was removed from hypopharynx as an emergency procedure. We outline our emergency airway management strategies and focus our discussion on the technique used to remove the impacted fish from the upper airway, which was paramount for the successful outcome of this case.

How to cite this article

Khatua RK. Fish in Hypopharynx: A Rare Case Report. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):81-82.
Tuberculous Pleural Effusion Presenting with Prevertebral and Cervical Emphysema: An Unusual Presentation
Authors: Singh Ishwar
Published: November 2016

We present a case of a 45-year-old male presenting with acute onset swelling on anterior aspect of neck, dysphagia and dyspnea. Clinical examination revealed bilateral submandibular space emphysema and retropharyngeal bulge. The preliminary diagnosis was made of an evolving deep neck space infection. Further, computed tomography (CT) of chest and neck was done which showed heterogenous collection in retropharyngeal space with air pockets and right-sided pleural effusion. Pleural tap was sent for cytology and adenosine deaminase (ADA) levels, which were found to be significantly raised. Thus, a final diagnosis of tuberculous pleural effusion was made and patient was started on anti-tubercular treatment.

How to cite this article

Chauhan A, Rajan S, Singh I. Tuberculous Pleural Effusion Presenting with Prevertebral and Cervical Emphysema: An Unusual Presentation. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):83-84.
An Interesting Case of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum with Subcutaneous Emphysema following Oral Provocative Manoeuvre
Authors: Pratibha CB , Satish Deepthi , Gopal Suraj
Published: November 2016

Aim

To discuss a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with pneumothorax with subcutaneous emphysema presenting with stridor due to laryngeal edema with relevant review of literature.

Background

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is a rare condition that has been described in healthy individuals following Valsalva manoeuvre, excessive and prolonged cough or emesis. Laryngeal involvement in these cases has not been reported so far.

Case description

We present an interesting case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with pneumothorax with pneumopericardium and cervicofacial emphysema with suspected ingestion of foreign body. In view of stridor due to laryngeal edema tracheostomy was done. No obvious cause for the air leak was found on further investigations. The foreign body sensation could have led to oral provocative manoeuvres by the patient causing increased intra-alveolar pressures and air leak.

Conclusion

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum with cervicofacial emphysema with pneumopericardium with laryngeal involvement is very rare. Tracheostomy is essential in case of airway compromise. A thorough evaluation for the underlying condition is essential to prevent further air leak.

Clinical significance

In a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with airway compromise due to involvement of the larynx, tracheostomy is essential to secure the airway and could also help in resolution of emphysema.

How to cite this article

Pratibha CB, Satish D, Gopal S, Balasubramanya AM. An Interesting Case of Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum with Subcutaneous Emphysema following Oral Provocative Manoeuvre. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):93-96.
Adult Retropharyngeal Abscess: A Retrospective Case Series
Authors: Kumar Naveen
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA), is a deep tissue neck infection. It is a serious and occasionally life-threatening infection due to the anatomic location and the potential for obstruction of the upper airway. The retropharyngeal space is found posterior to the esophageal wall and anterior to the prevertebral fascia. Lymph nodes found in this space drain the nasopharynx, paranasal sinuses and middle ear. Often infections of these areas will lead to infection in the retropharyngeal space. Atrophy of these lymph nodes at or before puberty has been found as an explanation of the predominance of RPAs in young children. In fact, some believe that they atrophy after 4 years of age. Once almost exclusively a disease of children, is observed with increasing frequency in adults. Retropharyngeal abscess poses a diagnostic challenge for the ENT surgeon because of its infrequent occurrence and variable presentation.

Materials and methods

Ten cases of adult retropharyngeal abscess were reviewed. The diagnostic criteria were radiological evidence of widening of pre-vertebral soft tissue shadow and presence of pus in the swelling.

Results

Sore throat, fever, muffled speech, painful swallow and stiffness of the neck were common presenting symptoms. Lateral X-ray of the neck was diagnostic. Commonest organism isolated wasStreptococcus pyogenes. Airway obstruction was the commonest complication.

Discussion

Most of the patients had history of trauma prior to the development of RPA. Computed tomography (CT) scan of neck and thorax has an important role in planning the management in addition to lateral X-ray of the neck. Transoral surgical drainage in association with antibiotics is the treatment of choice in abscesses confined to the retropharyngeal space.

Conclusion

Tuberculosis is no longer the commonest cause of adult retropharyngeal abscess. Sore throat or dysphagia, disproportionate to clinical findings in the throat should arouse suspicion of RPA. Early intervention with antibiotics reduces the chances of the development of complications.

How to cite this article

Kumar N. Adult Retropharyngeal Abscess: A Retrospective Case Series. Int J Otorhinolaryngol Clin 2015;7(2):100-103.
A Retrospective Study of Bony Erosion Patterns in Cases of Fungal Rhinosinusitis
Authors: Mehrotra Ashish , Sharma Vinit K , Iqbal Zafar , Nigam Kunal
Published: November 2016

Erosion of bone with or without extension of disease into adjacent anatomic spaces is observed among some patients with fungal rhinosinusitis (FRS). Preoperative computed tomographies is very important to determine the sites of bony erosion. Patients with bony erosions are classified based on the involved subsite and the extent of erosion.

Bony erosions was seen in 37.5% cases. Six patients were having bone erosions on CT scan. 40 % erosions were present in patients belonging to younger age group. Erosion of sinus boundaries were more common in male patients (60%). The ethmoid sinus complex was most commonly involved (46.6%). This was followed in frequency of involvement by the maxillary sinus (26.6%), the sphenoid sinus (20%) and the frontal sinus (6.6%). The most common site of erosion was the lamina papyracea (33.3%), followed by the medial maxillary wall (20%).

Bony erosions due to FRS were mainly due to long-term mechanical compression by the fungal mass. A case of chronic rhinosinusitis with bony erosions in CT scan may indicate a fungal etiology.

How to cite this article

Sharma VK, Sharma R, Mehrotra A, Iqbal Z, Nigam K. A Retrospective Study of Bony Erosion Patterns in Cases of Fungal Rhinosinusitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):62-64.
Middle Ear Dysfunction: Connection to Allergic Rhinitis
Authors: Sharma Shilpam , Srivastava Abhinav , Sharma Chander Mohan
Published: November 2016

Introduction

The correlation between middle ear pathology due to Eustachian tube dysfunction and nasal allergy has been a topic of debate since long. Studies of the pathogenesis of otitis media have identified interactions among infection, allergic reactions and Eustachian tube dysfunction. AIMS- The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between Eustachian tube dysfunction and nasal allergy and to evaluate the efficacy of oral steroids and intranasal steroidal spray on Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Materials and methods

The patients were diagnosed according to the diagnostic criteria of allergic rhinitis. A total of 50 patients having moderate/severe symptoms who had not taken any treatment for allergic rhinitis in the past 6 weeks with deranged middle ear function were included in the study. Group I patients were given Prednisolone, 30 mg once daily for 10 days in tapering dose along with intranasal steroid spray for 6 weeks. Group II patients were given only intranasal steroid spray for 6 weeks. Impedance audiometry was repeated at the end of 6 weeks and results were statistically analyzed.

Result

This study demonstrated the outcome of systemic steroids and intranasal steroidal spray in the treatment of middle ear dysfunction. In our study impedance audiometry was done at the start of study and showed type B tympanogram in 36% ears in group I and 21% in group II and type C tympanogram in 60% in group I and 50% in group II. Impedance audiometry was repeated at 10 days of treatment and showed reversal to type A curve in 26% of ears in group I and 14% of ears in group II. Impedance audiometry at the end of treatment demonstrated reversal to type A tympanogram in 64% of ears in group I and 48 % of ears in group II.

How to cite this article

Sharma S, Srivastava A, Sharma CM. Middle Ear Dysfunction: Connection to Allergic Rhinitis. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):65-67.
Mucociliary Function: Its Variations with Disease
Authors: Kumar Satish C , Preetham AP , Feshan Musarrat
Published: November 2016

Introduction

This study compares the nasal mucociliary clearance time of patients with chronic sinusitis (pre- and postoperatively) and smokers, with controls, attending the ear, nose, and throat outpatient department at Southern Railway Headquarters Hospital, Perambur, Chennai.

Materials and methods

Saccharin granule was used to study mucociliary clearance as it is safe, easy, fast, and reliable. A total of 32 patients in each group were studied. In chronic rhinosinusitis patients, the test was done preoperatively and 4 weeks postoperatively.

Results

The average mucociliary clearance time pre- and post-operatively in chronic rhinosinusitis patients was 29.54 ± 28.68 and 12.17 ± 5.84 respectively. Cigarette smokers had a longer mucociliary clearance time (27.63 ± 21.11) compared with beedi smokers (24.04 ± 24.93). Controls had the fastest mucociliary clearance rate of 9.67 ± 4.62 among the study subjects.

Conclusion

Surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis improves both the overall symptoms of chronic rhinosinusitis and the protective functions of the nose and paranasal sinuses. Smokers had an impaired clearance rate compared with normals. As age advances, the mucociliary clearance rate becomes slower.

How to cite this article

Vamanshankar H, Kumar SC, Preetham AP, Feshan M. Mucociliary Function: Its Variations with Disease. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):68-73.
Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Prediction of the Site of Attachment based on Computed Tomography Scans
Authors: Salwa Anna
Published: November 2016

Sinonasal inverted papilloma is a benign neoplasm of epithelial origin, which represents 0.5 to 4% of all sinonasal tumors. Despite the histological benign nature of this type of tumor, it has a high rate of recurrence after surgical resection and significant malignant potential. Sinonasal inverted papilloma is treated as a locally aggressive tumor. The aggressive surgical approaches, such as en bloc resection via external excision or extensive mucosal stripping of the ipsilateral sinuses are replaced by less invasive intranasal endoscopic approaches. This creates a need for a very accurate preoperative assessment of the location of the tumor on computed tomography (CT) scan and identifies the location of the primary changes. Determination of the primary location of inverted papilloma is especially important for a radical resection of the tumor, because the tumor recurs mostly in the same location as the primary lesion. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between changes in the preoperative CT scan of the paranasal sinuses and the location of papilloma by histological examination of surgical material.

In this study, we evaluated the changes in the preoperative CT scans in the form of focal hyperostosis and erosion of the walls of the paranasal sinuses. Examined groups consisted of 12 people diagnosed with inverted papilloma and 15 peoples diagnosed with preinverted papilloma.

Focal hyperostosis occurred in 83% of cases of inverted papilloma. Their location corresponded to 90% of the primal attachment of the tumor. Among the preinverted papillomas, focal hyperostosis occurred in less than 7% of the cases and did not correspond to the location of papilloma inverted. The analysis of remodeling and erosion of bone walls of the sinuses showed their presence in 67% of cases of inverted papilloma and 40% of cases of preinverted papilloma. However, their overlap with the location of the tumor was 50% for the inverted papilloma and 33% for the preinverted papilloma.

Erosion and sinus bone destruction do not coincide closely with the primary location of the papilloma, because it is more the result of bone compression by the growing mass than bone invasion. The sites of focal hyperostosis closely coincide with the place of origin of the inverted papilloma, but the pathophysiological mechanism of this phenomenon is not fully understood. The relationship between the sites of focal hyperostosis and the location of the primary tumor can be used when planning surgery for accurate resection.

How to cite this article

Salwa A. Sinonasal Inverted Papilloma: Evaluating the Effectiveness of Prediction of the Site of Attachment based on Computed Tomography Scans. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):84-86.
An Unusual ENT Presentation of Retinoblastoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma
Authors: Saha Subhasis , Das Saumik , Jana Tamoghna , Sengupta Moushumi , Saha Asok K
Published: November 2016

Retinoblastoma is the most common intraocular tumor during childhood. These tumors though respond to treatment are prone to develop second malignancy, recurrence and metastasis which may present as sinonasal mass. We are presenting a rare case of metastatic retinoblastoma of sinonasal region in a 3-year-old male child. The mode of presentation and management of the case is presented along with a review of the literature.

How to cite this article

Jana T, Sengupta M, Das S, Saha AK, Saha S. An Unusual ENT Presentation of Retinoblastoma: A Diagnostic Dilemma. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):90-93.
Maffucci Syndrome with Nasal Enchondroma: A Rare Entity
Authors: Sharma Arpit , Dabholkar JP , Bansal Shruti
Published: November 2016

Introduction

Maffucci syndrome is a congenital nonhereditary disorder in which patients develop multiple enchondromas and cutaneous, visceral, or soft tissue hemangiomas. Less than 200 cases of Maffucci syndrome have been published in the English literature. These lesions most commonly occur in the limb bones, especially in the hands and feet. Rarely, patients of Maffucci syndrome may present with mesodermal dysplasia involving head and neck region with nasal septum enchondromas reported only in two cases till now.

Aim

To report a rare case of nasal enchondroma in a patient of Maffucci syndrome.

Case description

A 15-year-old girl diagnosed with Maffucci syndrome 2 years back was referred to our ENT department with symptoms of left-sided nasal obstruction and epiphora. On thorough clinical examination and proper investigation, she was diagnosed to have nasal enchondroma. She successfully underwent endonasal endoscopic resection of nasal enchondroma.

Conclusion

Maffucci syndrome is a rare entity characterized by multiple enchondromas and hemangiomas, especially in the extremities. A manifestation in the head and neck region is rare and cartilaginous tumors of nasal septum are even rarer; however, differential of nasal cartilaginous tumors should be borne in mind in patients with underlying mesodermal dysplastic disorders like Maffucci syndrome.

Clinical significance

Patients of Maffucci syndrome with enchondromas are at high risk of undergoing malignant transformation, especially chondrosarcomas. These patients need vigilant and close follow-up. Despite their rarity, chondromas should be taken into consideration in the differential diagnosis of nasal tumors, especially those arising from the nasal septum.

How to cite this article

Bansal S, Sharma A, Dabholkar JP. Maffucci Syndrome with Nasal Enchondroma: A Rare Entity. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):94-97.
Mucormycosis Maxilla: Behavior of Disease in an Immunocompetent Young Male Patient
Authors: Gupta Rijuneeta , Nabh Varun , Nahar Uma
Published: November 2016

Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fulminant fungal infection usually noted in immunocompromised individuals like diabetic and AIDS patients, patients receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy, cancer chemotherapy, and organ transplant patients. The disease is very rare to affect healthy individuals. Here we report a case of a 21-year-old immunocompetent young male presented with cheek swelling and hard palate ulcer. Clinically, radiologically, and histologically, the diagnosis of maxillary mucormycosis was made.

How to cite this article

Gupta R, Nabh V, Nahar U, Gupta AK. Mucormycosis Maxilla: Behavior of Disease in an Immunocompetent Young Male Patient. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2):98-101.
Fibrous Dysplasia of Ethmoid
Authors: Mundi Damandeep K , Singh Manjit , Gill Kushaldeep
Published: November 2016

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign skeletal disorder in which abnormally overgrowing bony lesion replaces the normal bone. It can affect one bone (monostotic form) or multiple bones (polyostotic form). The craniofacial bones are involved in about 10% of subjects with monostotic FD. Among FD of the head and neck, the maxilla and mandible are the most frequent sites to be involved. However, its occurrence in the sinonasal tract is very rare. We report a case of a large monostotic FD of the ethmoid bone in a 29-year-old woman. The lesion was removed by lateral rhinotomy approach and pathology proved to be FD.

How to cite this article

Mundi DK, Bhagat S, Singh M, Gill K. Fibrous Dysplasia of Ethmoid. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2016;9(2): 105-107.
Observations of Atmospheric Chemical Deposition to High Arctic
Snow
Authors: Macdonald Katrina M. , Sharma Sangeeta , Toom Desiree , Chivulescu Alina , Hanna Sarah , Bertram Allan , Platt Andrew , Elsasser Mike , Huang Lin , Chellman Nathan , McConnell Joseph R. , Bozem Heiko , Kunkel Daniel , Lei Ying Duan , Evans Greg J. , Abbatt Jonathan P. D.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Rapidly rising temperatures and loss of snow and ice cover have demonstrated the unique vulnerability of the high Arctic to climate change. There are major uncertainties in modelling the chemical depositional and scavenging processes of Arctic snow. To that end, fresh snow samples collected on average every four days at Alert, Nunavut, from September 2014 to June 2015 were analyzed for black carbon, major ions, and metals, and their concentrations and fluxes reported. Comparison with simultaneous measurements of atmospheric aerosol mass loadings yields effective deposition velocities which encompass all processes by which the atmospheric species are transferred to the snow. It is inferred from these values that dry deposition is the dominant removal mechanism for several compounds over the winter while wet deposition increased in importance in the fall and spring, probably due to enhanced scavenging by mixed-phase clouds. Black carbon aerosol was the least efficiently deposited species to the snow. These measurements are a unique data set for comparison to models that incorporate deposition to high Arctic snow.
Seasonal variations and north–south asymmetries in polar wind outflow due to solar illumination
Authors: Maes Lukas , Maggiolo Romain , De Keyser Johan
Published: November 2016

Abstract. The cold ions (energy less than several tens of electronvolts) flowing out from the polar ionosphere, called the polar wind, are an important source of plasma for the magnetosphere. The main source of energy driving the polar wind is solar illumination, which therefore has a large influence on the outflow. Observations have shown that solar illumination creates roughly two distinct regimes where the outflow from a sunlit ionosphere is higher than that from a dark one. The transition between both regimes is at a solar zenith angle larger than 90°. The rotation of the Earth and its orbit around the Sun causes the magnetic polar cap to move into and out of the sunlight. In this paper we use a simple set-up to study qualitatively the effects of these variations in solar illumination of the polar cap on the ion flux from the whole polar cap. We find that this flux exhibits diurnal and seasonal variations even when combining the flux from both hemispheres. In addition there are asymmetries between the outflows from the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.
Reverse engineering model structures for soil and ecosystem respiration: the potential of gene expression programming
Authors: Ilie Iulia , Dittrich Peter , Carvalhais Nuno , Jung Martin , Heinemeyer Andreas , Migliavacca Mirco , Morison James I. L. , Sippel Sebastian , Subke Jens-Arne , Wilkinson Matthew , Mahecha Miguel D.
Published: November 2016

Abstract. Accurate modelling of land-atmosphere carbon fluxes is essential for future climate projections. However, the exact responses of carbon cycle processes to climatic drivers often remain uncertain. Presently, knowledge derived from experiments complemented with a steadily evolving body of mechanistic theory provides the main basis for developing the respective models. The strongly increasing availability of measurements may complicate the traditional hypothesis driven path to developing mechanistic models, but it may facilitate new ways of identifying suitable model structures using machine learning as well. Here we explore the potential to derive model formulations automatically from data based on gene expression programming (GEP). GEP automatically (re)combines various mathematical operators to model formulations that are further evolved, eventually identifying the most suitable structures. In contrast to most other machine learning regression techniques, the GEP approach generates models that allow for prediction and possibly for interpretation. Our study is based on two cases: artificially generated data and real observations. Simulations based on artificial data show that GEP is successful in identifying prescribed functions with the prediction capacity of the models comparable to four state-of-the-art machine learning methods (Random Forests, Support Vector Machines, Artificial Neural Networks, and Kernel Ridge Regressions). The case of real observations explores different components of terrestrial respiration at an oak forest in south-east England. We find that GEP retrieved models are often better in prediction than established respiration models. Furthermore, the structure of the GEP models offers new insights to driver selection and interactions. We find previously unconsidered exponential dependencies of respiration on seasonal ecosystem carbon assimilation and water dynamics. However, we also noticed that the GEP models are only partly portable across respiration components; equifinality issues possibly preventing the identification of a "general" terrestrial respiration model. Overall, GEP is a promising tool to uncover new model structures for terrestrial ecology in the data rich era, complementing the traditional approach of model building.
The Effect of Problem-Based Learning on Learning Outcomes of Accounting Students
Authors: Hsu Chih-shun , Yen Sin-hui , Lai Wei-hung
Published: November 2016

This study explores the influence of problem-based learning (PBL) on the learning outcomes of accounting students. The participants in this study were sophomore accounting students enrolled in an intermediate accounting course. We adopted a pre-test/post-test design in conjunction with a questionnaire survey. Our results show that the learning outcomes of students in the PBL accounting course (experimental group) were superior to those in the control group. Further analysis revealed that male students improved more than female students, and that the improvements of the male students who had passed the preliminary accounting exam were more pronounced than those who had not passed. In the after-class survey, students in the experimental group reported that PBL encouraged self-direct learning, and promoted their ability to think and learn independently. This study adds to the empirical literature related to the application of PBL in accounting education and presents five suggestions to facilitate further research in such applications.
A Methodological Approach to Selecting a Location for a Waste Disposal Terminal for Vessels on the Section of the Pan-European Waterway Corridor VII in the Republic of Serbia
Authors: Josimovic Boško , Ilic Marina , Bezbradica Ljubisa
Published: November 2016

The section of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway flowing through Serbia is of exceptional international significance, as well as significance to the Republic of Serbia, both in the domains of transport and of environmental protection. In this part of the Pan-European Corridor VII waterway, there is development of both passenger and freight traffic without an established system of control and management of solid waste and wastewater from vessels, which directly threatens the environment, as well as the safety of traffic and people. The crews of international and domestic vessels are faced with the problem of disposing of solid waste, waste oil and waste water, due to the lack of adequate waste terminals in this section of waterway corridor VII (The Danube River). For this reason, the construction of a waste terminal is a priority and an unavoidable necessity as a starting point for establishing a sustainable system of managing waste from vessels in the Republic of Serbia. This paper presents a methodological approach for selecting an optimal location for the construction of such a terminal in the city of Belgrade, capital of Serbia (a case study). The method of multi-criteria evaluation of potential locations was used, as well as the method of evaluating various locations under different scenarios. The specificity of the method used can be seen in the selection of criteria for comparative evaluation of the potential locations, as well as in the evaluation of the potential sites under different scenarios and with weight categories based on the PROMETHEE method. The results presented in this paper make it possible for decision makers to consider different aspects and scenarios when selecting the most appropriate location for the terminal, whilst taking into account the international standards and principles governing this field in the European Union.
Investigating the Washback Effects of Task-based Instruction on the Iranian EFL Learners’ Vocabulary Learning
Authors: Hamzeh Alireza
Published: November 2016

The current research was an attempt to explore the washback impact of task-based instruction (TBI) on EFL Iranian learners’ vocabulary development. To this end, conducting an Oxford Placement Test (OPT), 30 out of 72 EFL Iranian learners studying in an English language institute, were randomly selected. Then, they were assigned to experimental (N=15) group, and control group (N=15). The experimental group of the study was taught through TBLI and the control group of the study was instructed the vocabulary via conventional teaching instruction for 12 ninety-minute sessions. The class sessions were held twice a week. The data was examined through independent sample t-test. The findings revealed that there was significantly different between two groups’ performance in the posttest, thereby TBI had a significant effect on developing Iranian EFL learners’ vocabulary development. Furthermore, some pedagogical implications for EFL instructors and learners as well as syllabus designers have been presented.
Regeneração pós-fogo em um fragmento de Floresta Estacional Semidecidual no município de Viçosa, MG.
Authors: Martins Sebastião Venâncio , Ribeiro Guido Assunção , Silva Junior Wilson Marcelo da , Nappo Mauro Eloi
Published: November 2016

Estudou-se a vegetação colonizadora seis meses após perturbação por fogo, em uma área do Campus da Universidade Federal de Viçosa, em Viçosa (20o 45' S, 42o 51' W ), MG. A área total de floresta secundária atingida por incêndio foi de 12 hectares, apresentando níveis diferenciados de destruição da vegetação. O estudo concentrou-se no trecho onde o efeito do fogo foi mais drástico, com a destruição total da cobertura vegetal. Dentro da área de estudo, foram comparadas duas toposseqüências de relevo: côncavo (ravina) e convexo (crista). Em cada toposseqüência, foram instaladas dezoito parcelas contíguas de 5x5 m, totalizando 36 parcelas, nas quais foram identificadas todas as plantas vasculares. No total, foram amostradas 75 espécies, pertencentes a 26 famílias. As famílias mais ricas em espécies foram: Asteraceae (14), Poaceae (10), Malvaceae (7) e Fabaceae (6). Na toposseqüência crista as espécies com maior valor de cobertura foram: Sida carpinifolia seguida de Melinis minutiflora, Diodia alata e Eupatorium laevigatum, e na ravina: Melinis minutiflora, Eupatorium laevigatum, Sida carpinifolia e Sidastrum paniculatum. Todas as parcelas apresentaram mais de 90% da área coberta por vegetação herbácea e subarbustiva, destacando a importância dessa vegetação inicial na proteção do solo contra processos erosivos em relevos acidentados.
Análise florística e estrutural de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana, situado em Criúva, RS - Brasil.
Authors: Rondon Neto Rubens Marques , Watzlawick Luciano Farinha , Caldeira Marcos Vinícius Winchler , Schoeninger Emerson Roberto
Published: November 2016

O presente trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer e analisar a composição florística e descrever a estrutura do componente arbóreo de um fragmento de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Montana, localizado no município de Criúva, RS. Em oito parcelas de 10 x 100 m foram inventariados 673 indivíduos com DAP  5 cm, distribuídos em 37 espécies, pertencentes a 32 gêneros e 22 famílias. O valor do índice de diversidade de Shannon foi de 2,768. As famílias que apresentaram maior número de indivíduos amostrados são: Araucariaceae, Myrsinaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Anacardiaceae e Rutaceae. O dossel dessa floresta é dominado pela Araucaria angustifolia e o sub-bosque por espécies das famílias Lauraceae e Myrtaceae. A densidade total encontrada foi de 841,25 indivíduos/ha, com DAP médio de 24,01 cm e altura média de 9,34 m. As cinco espécies que tiveram os maiores valores de importância, em ordem decrescente, foram: Araucaria angustifolia, Sebastiania commersoniana, Lithraea brasiliensis, Zanthoxylum rhoifolium e Myrcia sp.. O fragmento apresenta uma considerável diversidade florística de espécies, apesar das perturbações sofridas no passado. Para que a vegetação atinja as características florísticas e estruturais próximas às da vegetação original é preciso evitar a presença de bovinos e eqüinos na área e explorações da floresta.
Fatores econômicos relacionados à intervenção na vegetação para a implantação de linhas de transmissão no estado de Rondônia.
Authors: Abreu Allan Ribeiro , Fiedler Nilton Cesar , Pádua Cláudio B. Valladares , Silva Gilson F.
Published: November 2016

A pesquisa foi realizada em uma linha de transmissão de energia elétrica entre as cidades de Ji-Paraná e Pimenta Bueno, no estado de Rondônia. O objetivo foi quantificar os fatores econômicos relacionados à supressão da vegetação pelos métodos tradicional e seletivo. O custo do método seletivo foi estimado com base no número de indivíduos por hectare, da área de intervenção e do custo por árvore abatida. O custo total do método tradicional foi determinado pela área de intervenção e pelo custo do hectare desflorestado. A transposição de um fragmento com uso de sete torres de 55 m, sem-intervenção na vegetação, gera um acréscimo de apenas 2,8% no custo total, se comparado ao custo do uso de 7 torres de 35m somado aos custos de intervenção seletiva na vegetação. No método seletivo, o número de indivíduos, por hectare, é a variável mais importante, pois indica diretamente o valor a ser gasto com abate de árvores. O método tradicional deve entrar em desuso por não oferecer grandes vantagens em termos técnicos, ambientais e econômicos.
Precisão experimental em erva-mate (Ilex paraguaiensis St. Hil.).
Authors: Storck Lindolfo , Lúcio Alessandro Dal’Col , Santos Paula Machado dos , Carvalho Melissa Pisaroglo de , Cardinal Átila Bento Beleti
Published: November 2016

Este trabalho foi realizado usando os dados de coeficiente de variação de experimentos com a cultura da erva-mate, publicados em teses, revistas científicas e anais de congressos, com o objetivo de estabelecer limites de classes da precisão para orientar os pesquisadores quanto a qualidade dos seus experimentos. Experimentos com coeficiente de variação acima de 29,4% (variável massa verde) e 52,8% (variável percentagem de enraizamento) são considerados de precisão muito baixa.
Maleševci in Bileca's Rudine
Authors: Pekić Radmilo
Published: November 2016

Different Vlachs katuns were located in the area of Bileća and its neighbouring area of Rudine in the Middle Ages. One of the most prominent katun clan was Maleševci and its brethren, with many branches, which is the main subject of the paper. We will begin with this clan's first written records in the 14th century and continue until the beginning of the 16th century. Numerous documents about Vlachs Maleševci are preserved in Dubrovnik Archive, but some parts are either published or scattered in scientific writings and until now, they have never been systematised.
News on the Battle of Petrovaradin and the siege of Belgrade in the autobiographical writings of Jean-Frédéric Diesbach
Authors: Elezović Dalibor
Published: November 2016

This paper is based on data from the handwritten autobiography of Jean- Frédéric Diesbach, which is kept in the Historical Archives in Fribourg, Switzerland, and in which the Battle of Petrovaradin and the siege of Belgrade are discussed. Diesbach, a Swiss nobleman who was originally in the Swiss and French military service, was later transferred to the Austrian army. This well-known European military leader finished his career as a governor of Syracuse in Sicily and a Major General of the Austrian army. A segment of his memories provides a brief description of the Battle of Petrovaradin and the operations of the Austrian army during the siege of Belgrade. Although it is part of the manuscript of a few pages, it has the value of a historical source, because it is the testimony of participants in these events.
Impact of quantitative evaluation methods on the quality of scientific research conducted by university teachers
Authors: Vasilijević Danijela , Sudzilovski Danijela , Marinković Snežana
Published: November 2016

The theoretical part of this paper analyzes the issue of professional development of university teachers in the context of lifelong learning, points out the character of currently used methods of evaluation of their scientific research, as well as the importance and effects of legislation that deals with quantitative methods for the evaluation of scientific research conducted by university teachers and associates. The methodological framework of the research is based on the research goal focused on examining opinions of teachers and associates at teacher training faculties about the contribution of quantitative evaluation methods of scientific research conducted to the quality of professional development and scientific research of teachers and associates at teacher training faculties with respect to a) belonging to the university where they are employed, b) experience, c) gained scientific degree, d) the number of papers published on the SCI list. The overall objective of the research was realized through two research objectives: 1) to examine how teachers at teacher training faculties perceive the impact of quantitative methods for the evaluation of scientific research on the quality of their own scientific research; 2) to establish how teachers see the correlation between the quality of scientific research and normative acts of the university related to election and appointment to teaching positions; 3) to determine whether and to what extent existing quantitative evaluation methods affect the autonomy of researchers in terms of the choice of their research content and time dynamics. By implementing the descriptive method, Likert attitude scale, we examined and analyzed the attitudes of 97 teachers and associates at teacher training faculties in Užice, Belgrade, Vranje and Jagodina. Results show that, in the opinion of teachers and associates at teacher training faculties, quantitative evaluation methods do contribute to the quality of teaching and professional development of both teachers and associates, but not to a sufficient extent.