bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Augmented Reality Gamification for Promoting Healthy Lifestyles and Wellbeing in Children
Authors: Modak Kali Charan , Mahawar Sanju , Mukherjee Pallabi
Published: April 2024

In recent years, the merging of augmented reality (AR) technology and gamification has received substantial attention, providing fresh pathways for engaging youngsters in encouraging healthy lifestyles and general well-being. This book chapter delves into the intersection of augmented reality and gamification as a novel method to addressing the growing concerns about childhood health issues. This chapter investigates how these technologies might effectively grab children's interest and empower them to make healthier choices by synergistically combining the immersive experiences of AR with the motivational features of gamification. This chapter elucidates the psychological underpinnings of gamification through a thorough assessment of relevant literature, emphasising its ability to inspire intrinsic motivation, foster skill development, and increase engagement. Furthermore, it delves into the pedagogical ideas that underpin great AR design, emphasising the significance of developing immersive and interactive experiences that smoothly integrate with real-world environments.
Ethical Navigations
Authors: Farina Allen , Stevenson Carolyn N.
Published: April 2024

In an era driven by digital innovation, artificial intelligence (AI), or Generative AI, emerges as a transformative force reshaping the landscape of higher education. Its potential to personalize learning experiences, bolster research capacities, and streamline administrative operations is revolutionary. However, the integration of Open AI into academia raises complex ethical issues for faculty and learners. The need for comprehensive ethical guidelines is imperative to ensure that the integration and utilization of AI in higher education are aligned with the core values of academic integrity and social responsibility. This chapter examines the ethical frameworks essential for governing the use of generative AI technologies in academia and provides practical recommendations for stakeholders involved. Additionally, emerging AI technologies such as experimental NotebookLM and Gemini will be discussed as future directions for AI use in teaching, learning, and research.
Lensing Legal Dynamics for Examining Responsibility and Deliberation of Generative AI-Tethered Technological Privacy Concerns
Authors: Singh Bhupinder
Published: April 2024

The rapid integration of generative AI technology across various domains has brought forth a complex interplay between technological advancements, legal frameworks, and ethical considerations. In a world where generative AI has transcended its initial novelty and is now woven into the fabric of everyday life, the boundaries of human creativity and machine-generated output are becoming increasingly blurred. The paper scrutinizes existing privacy laws and regulations through the lens of generative AI, seeking to uncover gaps, challenges, and possible avenues for reform. It explores the evolution of jurisprudence in the face of technological disruption and debates the adequacy of current legal frameworks to address the dynamic complexities of AI-influenced privacy infringements. By scrutinizing cases where personal data has been exploited by nefarious actors employing generative AI for malevolent purposes, a stark reality emerges: the emergence of a new avenue for privacy breaches that tests the limits of existing legal frameworks.
Resource Allocation in Serverless Computing
Authors: Kuchipudi Ramu , Palamakula Ramesh Babu , Murthy T. Satyanarayana
Published: April 2024

This book chapter introduces readers to the dynamic and transformative world of serverless computing. With the focus on agility, scalability, and cost-effectiveness for developing and deploying applications, serverless computing has become a game-changer. The chapter's introduction to serverless computing provides a clear understanding of its fundamental principles and concepts, setting it apart from conventional computing models. Specifically, it explores the fundamental aspects of serverless architectures, emphasizing critical components such as functions as a service (FaaS), event driven programming, and the involvement of cloud providers in this setting. The chapter discusses the potential of serverless systems to optimize resource usage, speed up development, and adapt to changing user preferences while minimizing operational expenses. The chapter highlights practical use cases and success stories that demonstrate how serverless has been successfully implemented in various industries and domains.
Containerization
Authors: Mudrakola Swapna , Chennam Krishna Keerthi , Selvarajan Shitharth
Published: April 2024

Applications are developed and deployed on the specific stack of software, as virtualization creates an environment to run the designed stack of software. Virtualization requires the installation of the entire software to run the application. The environment setup time will take more than, the execution time. Memory and CPU time are not effectively utilized. The containers are replacing the drawback of installing the unnecessary services of the software, not requiring running applications. The container consists of only the required services software loaded in the container. Container security is also an important aspect of utilizing applications with portability features. Different tools are designed for different aspects of security issues.
Function as a Service (FaaS) for Fast, Efficient, Scalable Systems
Authors: Mallellu Sai Prashanth , Maheswari V.  , Aluvalu Rajanikanth , Kantipudi M. V. V. Prasad
Published: April 2024

Function as a service (FaaS) is a central component of serverless computing, reshaping the landscape of application development in the cloud. FaaS allows developers to create stateless functions responding to specific events, triggering execution without the need for direct infrastructure management. This architecture abstracts developers from underlying complexities, emphasizing code-centric development. The pay-per-use model, automatic scaling, and event-driven execution contribute to an efficient, cost-effective, and responsive application development process. This abstract presents an overview of the core principles of FaaS, emphasizing its transformative role in modern cloud computing. Function as a Service (FaaS) is an essential element of serverless computing, reshaping the landscape of cloud-based application development. FaaS empowers developers to craft concise, stateless functions tailored for specific tasks triggered by diverse events. By abstracting infrastructure management, developers can concentrate solely on coding.
NodeJS and Postman for Serverless Computing
Authors: Kannan Rajesh Kannan , Abarna K. T. Meena , Vairachilai S. , Vijayalakshmi R.
Published: April 2024

Node.js is a robust, open-source cross platform server-side JavaScript runtime environment. Node.js, which Ryan Dahl created in 2009, is incredibly popular because it makes it easier to create network applications that are both scalable and high-performing. Its event-driven architecture, which permits asynchronous I/O operations and makes it ideal for managing concurrent connections and delivering quick, real-time applications, is one of its main advantages. With Node.js, coders can leverage JavaScript for both the client and server- side scripting, promoting code reuse and resulting in a smoother development process.
A Study on the Landscape of Serverless Computing
Authors: Kalaiselvi T. , Saravanan G. , Haritha T. , Babu A. V. Santhosh , Sakthivel M. , Boopathi Sampath
Published: April 2024

This chapter explores serverless computing, a transformative paradigm that revolutionizes application development, deployment, and management. It provides an overview of the core principles and advantages driving its adoption in contemporary technological ecosystems, including function as a service (FaaS) offering, orchestration tools, and serverless frameworks. These technologies enable developers to focus on code execution, abstracting infrastructure management complexities, and serve as a guide for elucidating the efficacy and scalability of serverless architectures. This narrative delves into the evolution of serverless technologies, from early frameworks to sophisticated tools, emphasizing their significance in scalability, operational efficiency, and resource optimization, providing a guide for technologists, developers, and researchers.
Creating a Neuro-Inclusive Workplace
Authors: Dawra Shuchi , Sharma Sandhir , Tennin Kyla L.
Published: April 2024

Understanding brain science helps in navigating the rough terrain of diverse workforce in organizations. Human potential in itself has infinite capabilities to bring in real change. Neuro studies focused on neurodiverse people facilitate exploring the untapped potential of the people with neurological differences such as autism, dyslexia, ADHD, and other such conditions. These are in reality just natural variations of the human brain that as a society we should be accepting, not as individuals but also as organizations. This chapter reflects upon how neuro-inclusive workspaces can be created to unlock the potential of a neurodiverse workforce. A factor matrix of neurodiversity helps to understand the change that is required in the organizational system and approach neurodiverse employees' engagement. Thus, exploring the avenues and challenges in front of leadership makes organizations more diverse and effective.
The Application of Neuroscience in Leadership Development
Authors: Rao Patcha Bhujanga , Inampudi Preethi , Meegada Vijaya Bhaskar Reddy , Sathyanarayana N.
Published: April 2024

This chapter discusses neuroscience and leadership and the necessity of brain understanding. Neuroscience's fundamentals are used in leadership research. The chapter examines how the brain affects leadership behaviour, focusing on the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex, and amygdala's roles in memory, emotion, and decision-making. These areas support leadership processes neurally. The chapter then examines neuroplasticity and how it affects leadership. Leadership skill development requires ongoing personal growth and learning. Stress must be addressed when using neuroscience in leadership development. The chapter examines the neurobiological impacts of chronic stress and suggests ways leaders may manage stress, improve decision-making, and develop resilience. Through neuroscience, the chapter examines empathy and social intelligence in leadership and its origins in the brain's mirror neuron system. Understanding this neurological association helps one understand emotional intelligence in leadership.
A Study on Overcoming Cognitive Biases in Leadership Decision-Making
Authors: Mohanty Stutee , Sahoo Suresh Kumar , Sharma Indu , Panigrahi Arpita , Bosu Leticia
Published: April 2024

This study attempts to recognize, investigate, and showcase a research paradigm of cognitive biases impacting leadership decision-making. A questionnaire was systematically framed and distributed among leaders of the Indian corporate sector, and 400 proper responses were accepted at the end. The study utilizes structure equation modelling and partial-least square method (SEM-PLS) to examine the impact of cognitive biases on the leadership decision-making process. It finally suggests various ways to overcome the most prominent biases found in the study. Overconfidence and optimism bias have the largest influence on the leadership decisions of corporate leaders followed by representativeness and hindsight bias. Uniqueness and availability bias had the least impact on the participants and their decisions. The study will contribute to academicians, scholars, analysts, practitioners, policymakers, and firms to make feasible leadership decisions for the cognitive biases considered in it. The impact of the factors on leaders' decision-making process will vary with region and sample size.
Exploring the Fusion of Neuroscience and Leadership Through Bibliometric Analysis
Authors: Kaur Gurloveleen , Kalra Dixit , Kumari Inu , Gupta Swati , Saluja Shefali
Published: April 2024

This study seeks to examine the diverse patterns related to exploring the fusion of neuroscience and leadership through bibliometric analysis based on prior research in this field. It also delves into the primary topic and prospects for forthcoming investigation. The present study used electronic Scopus databases, encompassing all significant previous studies published from 1989 to 2023. Only 803 research papers were retrieved from the Scopus database. This bibliometric analysis employs content analysis that discusses the methodology, year-wise contribution trends, and leading countries in the area of research. Secondly, bibliometric analysis is done using VOS-Viewer software and includes analyses based on bibliographic coupling, co-occurrence, and co-authorship analyses, which give numerous graphical illustrations of the network of research items. Thirdly, thematic mapping is done, which helped identify the different clusters in our topic and the latest contributions, in which new topics emerge and new methodologies are applied to study the fusion of neuroscience with leadership.
Trustworthy AI for Optimizing Agriculture
Authors: Babu C. V. Suresh , Koti Reddy  , Chandu Gopi , Kowshik Tati , Rao Lakshmi Narasimha
Published: April 2024

The chapter explores the transformative role of trustworthy AI in the agricultural landscape by harnessing the power of IoT sensory data. The journey begins with an exploration of the intersection between AI and IoT in agriculture, emphasizing the pivotal significance of trustworthy AI. The chapter unravels the challenges and opportunities in processing IoT sensory data, shedding light on ways to enhance AI reliability. It then delves into the fusion of soil moisture and weather sensory data, showcasing the importance of data preprocessing for precise insights. The discussion expands to remote monitoring and control, highlighting user-friendly interfaces and their contribution to sustainable agriculture. Security measures for trustworthiness are addressed, emphasizing data security, privacy, and protection against unauthorized access. The chapter concludes with a recapitulation of Trustworthy AI's pivotal role in agriculture, offering insights into future directions and implications for this dynamic field.
Abstracts of Oral and Poster Presentation: 46th Annual Academic Sessions 2024 Kandy Society of Medicine, 8th and 9th February 2024, Hotel Grand Kandyan
Authors: Co–Editors
Published: April 2024

NA
Strong association between angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism and unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion of Sudanese women: a case-control study
Authors: Babker Asaad M.A. , Fadul Ahmed Hanan Khalid , Suliman Rania Saad , Osman Ahmed Luay , Alfeel Ayman Hussien , Kandakurti Praveen Kumar , Elzaki Salaheldein G.
Published: April 2024

This study investigated the link between angiotensin I-converting enzyme insertion/deletion (ACE I/D) polymorphism and unexplained spontaneous abortion. This retrospective analytical case-control was conducted at the Omdurman Maternity Hospital in Sudan. The current study contained 230 individuals, including 119 cases (women who had at least three abortions) of unknown cause and 119 controls (healthy women who had at least two full-term deliveries without spontaneous abortion). Patients and controls were provided five ml of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid blood and answered questionnaires about their demographics, personal lives, and family histories. ACE I/D polymorphisms were assessed using a conventional polymerase chain reaction approach after total genomic DNA was isolated from blood leukocytes using the GF-1 blood DNA extraction kit. Data was analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 24. ACE I/D polymorphism is strongly linked to unexplained spontaneous abortion, and women with the I/D and D/D genotypes are more likely to have it than those with the I/I genotype. The current study reveals that ACEI/D polymorphism increases pregnancy problems. Sudanese women may have spontaneous abortions due to the ACE I/D polymorphism.
Interpolating asymptotic integration methods
for second-order differential equations
Authors: Stepin Stanislav Anatol'evich
Published: April 2024

The problem of asymptotic behaviour at infinity of solutions
to second-order differential equation can be reduced via the Liouville transform
to that of
an equation with almost constant coefficients. In the present paper,
we compare various methods of asymptotic integration in application to
the reduced equation $u"-(\lambda^2+\varphi(t))u=0$ and interpolate
the corresponding results in the case $\operatorname{Re}\lambda>0$,
provided that a complex-valued function $\varphi(t)$ is in a certain sense small
for large values of the argument.
Arithmetic of certain $\ell$-extensions ramified at three places. IV
Authors: Kuz'min Leonid Viktorovich
Published: April 2024

Let $\ell$ be an odd regular prime, $k$ be the $\ell$th cyclotomic field, and
$K=k(\sqrt[\ell]{a})$, where $a$ is a natural number that has exactly
three distinct prime divisors. Assuming that there are exactly three places
ramified in $K_\infty/k_\infty$, we study the $\ell$-component of the class
group of the field $K$. For $\ell>3$, we prove that there always exists an unramified extension
$\mathcal{N}/K$ such that
$G(\mathcal{N}/K)\cong (\mathbb Z/\ell\mathbb Z)^3$, and all places over $\ell$
split completely in $\mathcal{N}/K$. If $\ell=3$ and $a$ is of the form $a=p^rq^s$,
we give a complete description of the possible structure of the $\ell$-component
of the class group of $K$.
Some other results are also obtained.
Morphological abnormalities of leukocytes in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Authors: Moueden Amine , Messaoudi Reda , Derouiche Mokhtar
Published: April 2024

Introduction: The causative agent of COVID-19 (Coronavirus Disease 2019) is an enveloped RNA (ribonucleic acid) virus of the SARS-CoV-2 (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2) family. The effects of SARS-CoV-2 on the differentiation and maturation of blood cells have been the subject of several studies, we report our experience of an investigation of the morphologic abnormalities of leukocytes observed during COVID-19.Patients and methods: This is a prospective study of 5 months, from February 2021 to June 2021. Forty COVID-19 patients and 20 healthy controls were included in this study. We performed complete blood count and peripheral blood smear of all patients and control samples. Leukocytes abnormalities were quantified as a percentage of 100 leukocytes of the same lineage.Results: The morphological abnormalities of the leukocytes found in percentage of patients have been mainly neutrophils bilobed 72,5%, hypogranulation 45%, acquired pseudo Pelger-Huet 35%, vacuolated neutrophils 42,5%, Apoptotic neutrophils 35,5 %, neutrophils with toxic granulations 30%, myelemia 45%, atypical lymphocytes 52,5%, lymphoplasmocytes 60% and vacuolated monocytes 27, 5%.Conclusion: Our study revealed several morphological abnormalities of the different cells of the leukocyte lineage. The presence of toxic granulations in the cytoplasm of the myelocytes was specific to this study.
Knowledge and perception of antimicrobial resistance and antimicrobial stewardship among healthcare students in Nigeria
Authors: Idongesit L Jackson , Mary R Akpan , Grace O Adebayo
Published: April 2024

Background: Assessment of knowledge and perception of healthcare students regarding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) would facilitate more effective education of these future prescribers.Objectives: To assess knowledge and perception of AMR and AMS among healthcare students in Nigerian universities.Methods: This was a questionnaire-based, cross-sectional survey of medical, nursing and pharmacy undergraduate students from November 2019 to January 2020, using both paper and electronic modes of self-administration.Results: A total of 335 students participated in the survey. Mean age of respondents was 23±3 years; 114 (34.4%) were in their 5th year of study. Most (78.9%) of the respondents agreed that widespread use of antimicrobials promotes AMR. Only 70 (21.1%) were aware that poor hand hygiene promotes AMR; 45.9% (42.7%, 37.3% and 57.7% for medicine, nursing and pharmacy respectively, p = 0.007) agreed that AMR is promoted by substandard quality of antimicrobials. Majority (94.3%) perceived AMR as a worldwide problem. Over half (60.8%) were not familiar with the term ‘antimicrobial stewardship’. Eleven (3.3%) and 122 (36.9%) rated their AMS knowledge as ‘very good’ and ‘poor’ respectively.Conclusions: Nigerian healthcare students had suboptimal knowledge of AMR and AMS. Current undergraduate healthcare curriculum should be reviewed to incorporate AMS principles.
A systemic review and meta-analysis on the prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among adult clients in Ethiopia
Authors: Tadele Lankrew Ayalew , Belete Gelaw Wale , Bitew Tefera Zewudie
Published: April 2024

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for premature mortality and excessive morbidity in the world. It is a growing public health problem in developing countries including Ethiopia. It is a silent killer. Information on the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors is to be considered vital to focus on early diagnosis and improve prevention and control of cardiovascular diseases. However, on the prevalence and contributing factors of hypertension in Ethiopia, there is a dearth of information. Thus, this review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and its contributing factors among Ethiopia's adult population.Objective: The main objective of this study was to provide pooled evidence on the prevalence of hypertension among the adultpopulation in Ethiopia.Methods and material: This systematic review and meta-analysis were searched through MEDLINE/ Pub Med, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar by using different search terms on the prevalence of hypertension and Ethiopia. Joanna Briggs Institute Meta-Analysis of Statistics Assessment and Review Instrument was used for critical appraisal of studies. The analysis was done using STATA 14 software. The Cochran Q test and I2 test statistics were used to test the heterogeneity of studies. Egger’s test was used to show the publication bias. The pooled prevalence of HDP and the odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval were presented using forest plots.Results: A total of 22 studies with 14,202 participants were included in this review and the overall estimated prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia was 28.02% (95% CI (23.89%, 32.15%). Age 4.37(2.71, 6.04), sex (AOR=2.54,95% CI: 1.00–4.09), family history of hypertension (AOR=3.05, 95% CI, 1.89, 4.21), inactive physical exercise (AOR=2.67, 95% CI: 1.38, 3.97), being obese (AOR=3.94, 95CI:2.83, 5.06), khat chewing (AOR=3.73, 95% CI: 2.65, 4.80), salt consumption (AOR=4.20, 95% CI: 1.55, 6.86) were significantly associated factors. Subgroup meta-analysis done by region showed that a higher in Tigray region 52.19(46.54, 57.66), and the lower was observed in Harare region1 2.71 (9.54, 15.87).Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension among the adult population in Ethiopia is high. Healthcare professionals and other stakeholders should give attention to the early detection of hypertension in Ethiopia to reduce the burden of the disorder.
Hypertension: risk perception and health seeking behaviour of long-distance drivers in Port Harcourt
Authors: David Hart , Omosivie Maduka , Amarachi John , Kemdirim Chinonye , Opurum Ndubuisi , Uduak Abiasianam
Published: April 2024

Background: Driving as an occupation is associated with the occurrence of heart-related diseases such as hypertension.Objectives: To assess the perception of modifiable risk factors of hypertension and the health seeking behaviour of long-distancecommercial bus drivers in Port Harcourt Metropolis.Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used to obtain data from 272 long distance commercial drivers. Data were analyseddescriptively using SPSS version 24.0. (p≤0.05).Results: A total of 272 questionnaires were completed and returned (100%). Respondents’ mean age was 43.4 ± 8.9. In scoring for perception of modifiable risk factors of hypertension among the drivers, (45.6%) respondents had a high perception score while 148 (54.4%) respondents had a low perception score. In assessing for health seeking behaviour, 190 (69.9%) had checked their blood pressure at least once in their lifetime, 80 (42.1%) of those who had checked, did so over a year ago. However, 18 (9.5%) respondents were on medication for hypertension in the last one month.Conclusion: This study showed that a greater number of the drivers had a low perception of modifiable risk factors of hypertension.Regular health checks were also not observed among participants. There is need for targeted health education for this group.
Evaluation of thoracic inlet view plain radiograph in the management of patients with goitre
Authors: Adefemi Oladiran Afolabi , Constantine Ezeme
Published: April 2024

Background: Thoracic inlet view radiograph is an investigation for assessing patients with goitre in many centres in the sub-Saharan-region. However, there is paucity of information on its usefulness in the diagnosis of retrosternal goitre (RSG) and in planning for thyroidectomy.Method: A review of patients with goitre managed in the Division of Endocrine Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria, between 2002 and 2014 was done. Data were obtained from Operating Theatre Log and electronic data archive of the Division. Clinical RSG (CRSG) was taken as a gland that the examining fingers could not get below its lower margin and Radiological RSG (RRSG) on thoracic inlet view was any extension of the thyroid gland beyond the thoracic inlet. Intra-operatively, if any part of the gland extends beyond the thoracic inlet it was considered as an RSG.Results: 221 (96.5%) of the 229 patients who had thoracic inlet plain radiograph were included in this study. The Male to Female ratio was 1:5.5. WHO grade III goitre was seen in 56.1% of the patients and 43.9% had grade II goitre. The CRSG, RRSG and Intra-operative RSG were seen in 7.7%, 16.7% and 17.6% respectively. The specificity and sensitivity of clinical examination in determining RSG was 88.7% and 94.1% and that of Thoracic inlet radiograph was 97.8% and 94.6% respectively.

Conclusion: It is a useful study for screening patients with goitre for retrosternal extension, however it could not be used to determine the need for extra-cervical surgical access during thyroidectomy.
Domestic violence against Iranian pregnant adolescents: protective and risk factors
Authors: Mona Rahnavardi , Zahra Bostani Khalesi , Zahra Hazrati
Published: April 2024

Background: Domestic violence is an important health, which has serious impacts on women's health. The study aimed to discover the protective and risk factors of domestic violence among pregnant adolescents.Materials and Methods: In the analytical cross-sectional study, 255 eligible pregnant women aged 14-20 years who have beenreferred to Al-Zahra Hospital, in northern Iran between September 2020 and March 2022 participated. Demographical characteristicswere recorded by a questionnaire. Domestic violence was assessed using the instrument of violence against women. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the basic features of the data.Results: The frequency of physical, emotional, and sexual violence was respectively 13.33%, 23.52%, and 9.01%. The risk factors included the spouse’s substance use (OR 2.41, 95% CI 1.25–4.62), spouse’s low education (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.12–3.52), spouse’s unemployment (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.03–1.57) and domestic violence exposure in childhood (OR 1.85, 95% CI 1.46–2.51). Higher education for women was a protective factor for domestic violence (OR 0.70, 95% CI 0.45–0.83).Conclusions: The education level is a protective factor against domestic violence among pregnant adolescents. These results can help to design the most appropriate prevention programs to reduce the risk factors for violence among pregnant adolescents.
Frequency of domestic violence in pregnancy and its adverse maternal outcomes among Pakistani women
Authors: Hussain Sana Shahmir , Makhdoom Shafaq , Husain Samia , Hira Aruna , Bano Khadija , Yasmin Haleema
Published: April 2024

Objective: To determine the frequency of domestic violence in pregnancy and its adverse maternal outcomes among Pakistani women.Material and methods: This was a prospective descriptive longitudinal study conducted at the Department of Obstetrics &Gynecology of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi from October 2021 to March 2022. The questionnaire was filled during an interview. First part included demographic profile, second part comprised of 5 items with ‘yes’ or ‘no’ options. Any positive answer meant woman was subjected to abuse. Adverse maternal outcome was also assessed.Results: Out of a total of 105 pregnant women, 43(41%) women suffered domestic violence. Verbal or emotional violence (39%) was the most common type of violence. In our study, anemia (71.4%) was the most common complication. Preterm labor (63.8%) was the second on the list. was significantly associated with domestic violence (P-value<0.05). Educational status, employment status, substance abuse, and household monthly income of spouse had a significant association (P-value<0.05) with domestic violence.Conclusion: Our study shows that high frequency of violence at the time of pregnancy is related to negative maternal outcomes.Women should be screened for violence and support services for such women should be provided in the country.
Preferred techniques of hair harvest for medical testing among adult pulmonary TB patients
Authors: Grace Muzanyi , David K Mafigiri , Robert Salata , Moses Joloba , Jackson Mukonzo , Muhammad Ntale , Paul Mubiri , Godfrey Bbosa
Published: April 2024

Background: Antiretroviral hair drug levels are currently being used to monitor adherence to HIV treatment. There is currently a dearth of literature on the preferred technique(s) of hair harvest for medical testing in the context of African multicultural settings.Objective: To explore the preferred techniques(s) of hair harvest for medical testing among TB patients.Methods: We used a descriptive phenomenological approach to conduct interviews for 15 TB patients from the 06th through the 24th of June 2022. Data was organized by N-VIVO version 10 and analysed step by step using a thematic analytical approach.Results: Participants aged <30 years were more knowledgeable, positively perceived, and experienced about the salon-based hair cutting technique compared to those aged≥30 years old. Participants aged ≥30 had experience, flexibility to use, and were knowledgeable in all three techniques, Overall, for all age categories (<30,30-40 and >40 years), majority of the respondents were knowledgeable, flexible and experienced in using all the three techniques.Conclusion: The majority of TB patients were knowledgeable, experienced and flexible about the hair cutting techniques however, efforts are needed to educate the youth that hair for medical testing can be cut by any of the three techniques without changing their cosmetic look.
Intimate Partner Violence: Factors that Influence Court Decisions in Addis Ababa City Administration
Authors: Helen Abelle Melesse
Published: April 2024

The judiciary, due to its pivotal position, has the potential to play a crucial role in safeguarding women from intimate partner violence (IPV). Despite this, there exists a lack of research on the adjudication of intimate partner violence against women (IPVAW) cases in Ethiopia. This article aims to identify the factors that influence the decision-making process and the final judgments delivered by the judiciary in IPVAW cases within the Addis Ababa City Administration. A qualitative research method was employed as a general research approach to gather data from purposively selected victims/survivors and duty-bearers within the purposively selected sub-cities of Addis Ababa. Primary data were gathered through semi-structured in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, courtroom observations, and court case analysis. The research revealed that various legal, institutional, social, and cultural frameworks present in the study area significantly impact the adjudication of IPVAW cases. These can be categorized into factors directly related to the legal framework of the country and those that go beyond the black letters of the law. The findings suggest the need for a multi-faceted approach to address these factors, including strengthening the legal framework of the country, providing capacity-building training for actors, and raising public awareness about the gravity of the act.
COMMENT: The Retroactive Application of Criminal Law in Favor of the Accused: A Comment on the FDRE Council of Constitutional Inquiry’s (CCI) Decision
Authors: Bebizuh Mulugeta Menkir
Published: April 2024

Article 182 of the Customs Proclamation (Proclamation No 859/ 2014) provides that cases pending before the coming into force of the Proclamation shall be treated in accordance with the previous law. In Melaku Fenta et al, the constitutionality of this provision was challenged because it denied the retroactive application of criminal law in favor of the accused. In its decision, the CCI declared the provision as constitutional and this comment aims to examine this decision. By examining the decision in light of Art 22(2) of FDRE Constitution, domestic laws, international legal frameworks and the literature concerning the retroactive application of criminal law in favor of the accused, this comment argues that the CCI should have declared Art 182 as unconstitutional to the extent it denied the retroactive application of criminal law in favor of the accused. Determining whether the accused could benefit from the decriminalization should have been left to the court to decide.
NOTE: The Development of Modern Criminal Justice Processes and Institutions in Ethiopia (1907-1974): An Overview
Authors: Simeneh Kiros Assefa
Published: April 2024

This note briefly discusses the institutional and process developments in Ethiopia’s modern criminal justice. There is a close relationship between political administration and justice administration considering the issue of judicial independence in a historical context. The year 1907 is taken as a starting point in the development of criminal norms and institutions because the Ministry of Justice was established and Afe Negus Nesibu was appointed Minster of Justice. The institutional and normative developments in this period were merely reactive to problems. Twelve judges were appointed to help the Minster of Justice who was entrusted to see all the cases by himself. Procedural rules were introduced as schedules in order to manage the inflow of cases. The enactment of the 1930 Penal Code helped judges determine sentences rather than sending convicts to the governor for sentencing. Regulation of appeal and preliminary processes such as providing a copy of judgement were introduced. The second phase in Ethiopia’s modern criminal justice system started from 1941 onward because this year is a landmark for the establishment of modern legislation and modern criminal justice institutions. The police were established as an investigation institution that executes orders given by the court. Prison was established signaling imprisonment as a mode of punishment. The prosecution institution was established under the Ministry of Justice. Thereafter, several substantive and procedural rules have been adopted governing the initiation of cases, summons, evidence, judgement and appeal. The last institution established during this period was the judicial organ.
Roles of Iot, big data and machine learning in precision agriculture: a systematic review
Authors: Mughele E. S. , Okuyade O.S. , Abdullahi I. M. , Maliki D. , Duada I. A.
Published: April 2024

Precision agriculture utilizes information technologies to efficiently manage water and soil resources in agriculture. This technological revolution has been sparked by the big data analytics, machine learning and Internet of Things (IoT)in numerous industries. This game-changing technology has influence on houses, grids, smart cities, and health. Machine learning and data-intensive decision-making have been made possible, which has created new possibilities for efficiency and innovation in various fields. In several fields, the convergence of IoT, big data analytics, and machine learning has opened the way for cutting-edge solutions and enhanced results.The application of machine learning in the agricultural sector can increase production quantity and quality to meet increasing food demand. These advancements are transforming current agrarian approaches and generating new opportunities, despite some limitations. This paper presents a systematic appraisal of the role of IoT, big data analytics, and machine learning in precision agriculture, highlighting the potential benefits and challenges in this rapidly evolving field.
DNN-based Multilingual Acoustic Modeling for Four Ethiopian Languages
Authors: Teferra Solomon , Yifiru Martha , Schultz Tanja
Published: April 2024

In this paper, we present the results of experiments conducted on multilingual acoustic modeling in the development of an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system using speech data of phonetically much related Ethiopian languages (Amharic, Tigrigna, Oromo and Wolaytta) with multilingual (ML) mix and multitask approaches. The use of speech data from only phonetically much related languages brought improvement over results reported in a previous work that used 26 languages (including the four languages). A maximum Word Error Rate (WER) reduction from 25.03% (in the previous work) to 21.52% has been achieved for Wolaytta, which is a relative WER reduction of 14.02%. As a result of using multilingual acoustic modeling for the development of an automatic speech recognition (ASR) system, a relative WER reduction of up to 7.36% (a WER reduction from 23.23% to 21.52%) has been achieved over a monolingual ASR. Compared to the ML mix, the multitask approach brought a better performance improvement (a relative WERs reduction of up to 5.9%). Experiments have also been conducted using Amharic and Tigrigna in a pair and Oromo and Wolaytta in another pair. The results of the experiments showed that languages with a relatively better language resources for lexical and language modeling (Amharic and Tigrigna) benefited from the use of speech data from only two languages. Generally, the findings show that the use of speech corpora of phonetically related languages with the multitask multilingual modeling approach for the development of ASR systems for less-resourced languages is a promising solution.
Perception of Health Workers on the Integration of Mental Health Care with HIV Services in Primary Health Care Centres in Ogun East Senatorial District, Nigeria: A qualitative studyealth Services into HIV Care in Ogun East Senatorial District, Nigeria: A qualitative study
Authors: Sodeinde Kolawole , Ogunsilu Esther , Imishue Onome , Adebisi Olusegun , Omotosho Adebola , Adefala Ngozi , Gbadebo Abiola
Published: April 2024

Background: People Living with HIV/AIDS have an increased incidence of mental health disorders as compared to the general population, and there exists an enormous gap between the demand and supply of mental health services, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
Aim/Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between HIV and mental health and the knowledge and perception of health workers on their integration in Primary Health Care Services in Ogun East Senatorial District, Nigeria
Methodology: Four Focused Group Discussions were conducted among 27 PHC workers in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART)-enabled centres of Ogun East senatorial district, Nigeria using a focused group guide designed according to study objectives. Data were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach.
Result: Six important themes were extracted from the data in this study (Table 2); “Integration of PHC services”, “Multiple mental/psychological health challenges”, “Multiple factors as causes of mental illness”, “Diverse manifestations of mental illness”, “Necessity of incorporating HIV and Mental Healthcare into PHC services”, and “Challenges of incorporating HIV and Mental Healthcare into PHC services.”
Conclusion and Recommendation: The primary health workers identified the need to integrate mental health care into HIV care in PHCs. However, there is a need to scale up the capacity of PHCs for optimal performance in this regard.
RE-DESAIN FASILITAS KERJA KURSI ERGONOMI UNTUK MENGURANGI RISIKO MUSCULOSAL DISORDERS MENGACU PADA NILAI ANTROPOMETRI DI PT. X
Authors: Widodo Tri , Setyawan Eko
Published: April 2024

PT. X is a company engaged in manufacturing with Radiator products. From the results of the Nordic Body Map in the production department of the press shop line section, many workers have complaints in the muscles (musculoskeletal disorders) because the workplace is not ergonomic as many as 15 workers, including aches in the neck of 3 people, back pain 4 people, back pain 1, stiff neck 5 people, bent body 2 people. From these results, there needs to be further action by making the design of the seatwork facility ergonomic concerning anthropometric values. With this reference, the design of popliteal height (TPo) 41 cm, popliteal buttocks (PPO) 39 cm, hip-width 38 cm, backrest height (TSP) 45 cm, seated back width (LSD) 35 cm, eye height sitting (TMD) 73 cm, height of backrest (TSP) 13 cm
ANALISIS SELISIH PERSEDIAAN BARANG MENGGUNAKAN METODE PDCA DI PT XYZ
Authors: Rinaldi Dikdik , Rismayanti Zani , Ramdani Willy Rizkilah , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: April 2024

PT. XYZ merupakan perusahaan manufaktur yang bergerak di bidang farmasi. Perusahaan tersebut memiliki gudang suku cadang. Gudang merupakan komponen penting dari rantai pasokan, melibatkan kegiatan dalam berbagai tahap yaitu produksi, distribusi barang, dari penanganan bahan baku, sparepart, dan barang dalam proses hingga produk jadi. Persediaan sparepart part harus dikendalikan dengan baik sehingga barang tersebut harus tersedia saat dibutuhkan. Pengendalian persediaan meliputi pengendalian kuantitas dan jumlah dalam batas-batas yang telah direncanakan dan perlindungan fisik persediaan. Pada bagian gudang suku cadang PT. XYZ terdapat permasalahan yang menggangu produktivitas perusahaan terhadap bagian produksi. Permasalahan yang terjadi adalah terjadinya selisih persediaan barang antara jumlah persediaan yang ada pada data gudang dengan jumlah persediaan yang ada di dalam gudang. Efek yang diakibatkan dari terjadinya selisih jumlah persediaan adalah terjadinya kekosongan persediaan. Setiap perusahaan dapat meningkatkan kinerjanya melalui perbaikan berkelanjutan. Kualitas dan pengelolaannya selalu dikaitkan dengan aktifitas perbaikan berkelanjutan (continuous improvement) guna memenangkan persaingan. Salah satu metode problem solving untuk menerapkan continuous improvement adalah PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action). Setelah dilakukan perbaikan dengan menggunakan metode PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) terlihat perbedaan selisih sistem dan fisik pada stock opname bulan oktober menurun
ANALISIS PENERAPAN PERAWATAN MOTOR KONVEYOR MESIN XRAY DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE RELIABILITY CENTERED MAINTENANCE (RCM) PADA PT. TRISTAN ENGINEERING
Authors: Purnomo Joko , Affandi Naufal , Rahmatullah Asep
Published: April 2024

PT. Tristan engineering is a company engaged in services and goods. This company provides services and procurement of goods or spare parts needed by other companies. The Xray machine moves 165 rpm for 24 hours non-stop in checking the goods that come in and out of the company. In this situation the damage can occur at any time and can cause uncertainty about the availability of the machines to support the checking process. The purpose of this research is to determine the application of the system and the benefits of the Reliability Centered Maintenance system on the application of maintenance of the xray machine conveyor motor. The research method used is the Reliability Centered Maintenance method, which is a method used to reduce downtime that occurs in PT. Tristan Engineering. The research results obtained at PT. Tristan Engineering include the absence of periodic maintenance, causing damage to the xray engine components. From the results of the improvement of the proposed conveyor motor maintenance application, the occurrence of downtime is caused by the identification of the failure to detect the severity value, occurrence, and detection of each component of the discussion and conclusion described using the FMEA method is 683 RPN, it must be done periodically machine maintenance. From the planning effort of Reliability Centered Maintenance accompanied by a comparative analysis it is found that the proposed improvements can reduce the average downtime by 39% on the problems of each component accompanied by MTBF 2.412 hour
IDENTIFIKASI JENIS PEMBOROSAN YANG TERJADI PADA PT.PQR DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE 8 WASTE
Authors: Febrianty Tifani Bella , Hermansyah Faizal Aziz , Syafiin Ifham Azizi Surya , Fauzi Muchammad
Published: April 2024

Indonesia is a country whose industrial development is very rapid, this spurs industrial companies to continue to compete and make restorations in increasing their performance. An effective and efficient production system will form a quality and competitive product, as a result of which the company can obtain aporisma profit and avoid losses. The losses experienced by the company are caused by waste. PT. XYZ is one example of several Indonesian cigarette manufacturers that have been known by many people. This company often experiences conflicts that exist because of the permborosan. as an example of waste that occurs, namely the delay which is not uncommon in the production process. the emergence of the conflict was material for researchers to conduct research using one of the lean manufacturing tools "8waste". The purpose of this study is to analyze how the conflict occurs and what solutions must be done to carry out restoration so that the dilemma does not occur again in the coming year
APPLICATION OF TOPOLOGY OPTIMIZATION ON A 3D-PRINTED SHELF BRACKET
Authors: Fenni Berker Özün , Eken Ersin , Kaygısız Hüseyin
Published: April 2024

In this study, the topology optimization approach was adopted to reduce the material used in manufacturing. Specifically, the mass optimization technique was deemed suitable. Mass optimization eliminates the parts that don't affect a bracket’s overall strength while under load, resulting in weight reduction and material savings. Two shelf brackets were designed to test this theory and were subjected to mass optimization. A static structural analysis of this optimized model was carried out to confirm the optimization findings. These designs were then manufactured using the 3D-printing process. The yield points were next determined by performing a uniaxial tensile test on the shelf brackets. The outcome of the tests was subsequently compared with the simulation results, and a cost analysis model was created as an output. Ultimately, a reduction of 70% in mass was achieved with acceptable structural strength. In related optimization studies, the connecting part of an unmanned aerial vehicle's landing gear has been optimized resulting in fuel savings. The theory that topology optimization may be used to make both light and stiff parts at the same time has been proven by the results of this research as well as other studies that have been done on the same topic.