bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of a context shift on the inverse base rate effect
Authors: Inkster Angus , Mitchell Chris , Schlegelmilch René , Wills Andy
Published: September 2019

The Inverse Base Rate Effect (IBRE; Medin and Edelson (1988)) is a non-rational behavioural phenomenon in predictive learning. In the IBRE, participants learn that a stimulus compound AB leads to one outcome and that another compound AC leads to a different outcome. Importantly, AB and its outcome are presented three times as often as AC (and its outcome). On test, when asked which outcome to expect on presentation of the novel compound BC, participants preferentially select the rarer outcome, previously associated with AC. This is irrational because, objectively, the common outcome is more likely. Usually, the IBRE is attributed to greater attention paid to cue C than to cue B, and so is an excellent test for attentional learning models. The current experiment tested a simple model of attentional learning proposed by Le Pelley, Mitchell, Beesley, George, and Wills (2016) where attention paid to a stimulus is determined by its associative strength. This model struggles to capture the IBRE, but a potential solution suggested by the authors appeals to the role of experimental context. In the present paper, we derive three predictions from their account concerning the effect of changing to a novel experimental context at test, and examine these predictions empirically. Only one of the predictions was supported, concerning the effect of a context shift on responding to a novel cue, was supported. In contrast, Kruschke (2001b)’s EXIT model, in which attention and associative strength can vary independently, captured the data with a high degree of quantitative accuracy.
Evaluating tornado casualty rates in the United States
Authors: Fricker Tyler
Published: September 2019

Tornadoes account for nearly one fifth of all natural hazard fatalities in the United States, yet there exist no general estimates of casualty rates across the country. Here tornado casualty rates are estimated for all casualty-producing tornadoes over the period 1995–2016 using tornado level information related to the population and total housing units within each damage path. The 22-year United States per-capita casualty rate is 2.3%, while the 22-year United States per-housing unit casualty rate is 5.4%. Injury and fatality rates are also estimated over the same period. The 22-year United States per-capita fatality rate is .15% and the per-capita injury rate is 2.1%. The per housing unit fatality rate is .36% and the per-housing unit injury rate is 5.1%. Casualty rates are further examined through subsets of Enhanced Fujita rating, state boundaries, and county boundaries. When used in conjunction with estimates of future changes in tornado behavior and population growth, these casualty rates can help predict tornado casualty events in communitiesthroughout the United States.
Oriented Attachment Crystal Growth Model in Hydrothermal Synthesis of Magnetite (Fe3O4) Nanoparticles
Authors: Fadli Ahmad , Amri Amun , Sari Esty octiana , Sukoco Sukoco , Saprudin Deden
Published: September 2019

The magnetite nanoparticles (Fe3O4) are very promising nanomaterials to be applied as drug delivery due to their excellent superparamagnetic, biocompatibility and easily modified surface properties. Those properties are influenced by the structure and size of the material which can be controlled by studying the evolution of crystal growth. The purpose of this research is to study the evolution of crystal growth of magnetite nanoparticles in the hydrothermal system and determine the crystal growth kinetics using the Oriented Attachment Growth model. Magnetite nanoparticles were synthesized using a hydrothermal method from FeCl3, citrate, urea and polyethylene glycol at 210?C for 1 - 12 hours at a various concentration of FeCl3 (0.05 M, 0.10 M, and 0.15 M). The characterizations were conducted by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Particle size analyzer (PSA), and Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). The XRD difractogram  indicated that the magnetite was begun to form at 3.5 hours synthesis. The crystallinity and the crystal size of magnetite rose with reaction time. The diameter of magnetite crystals was in the range of 9.4-30 nm. Characterization by TEM showed that the particles were formed from a smaller particles which were then agglomerated. The PSA characterization showed that the distribution of diameter size enlarged with the enhancement of  concentrations. VSM result showed that the magnetite nanoparticle has superparamagnetic properties. The magnetite crystal growth can be fitted by the Oriented Attachment Growth model with an error of 29%.
Erasing the Personal Baseline: Graphing Responders to Psychiatric Drug Maintenance Therapy
Authors: Deshauer Dorian
Published: September 2019

Since the 1950s, the practice of psychiatric drug maintenance therapy has been supported by graphics. Lacking physical markers to identify “responders” to long-term drugs, psychiatrists have used graphics to make the outcomes of their interventions visible. This article identifies changes in the graphical representation of drug responders in psychiatric journals between the mid-1950s and the mid-1990s. It argues that before 1970, psychiatrists assessed patients’ responses in relation to their personal baselines or symptom trajectories. After 1970, clinical trials made it possible to see responders through a statistical lens, as a homogeneous population, decontextualized from its past and having a future consisting of two possible states: relapse or remission. Abstracted from their life’s context, responders became the desired outcome of prescribing protocols that could be applied anywhere. Psychiatry’s graphical language supported an authoritative view of mental health as something to be optimized and maintained with prescription drugs.
Borders and Blood Fractions: Gamma Globulin and Canada’s Fight against Polio, 1950–55
Authors: Mawdsley Stephen E.
Published: September 2019

During the early 1950s, Canada’s efforts to prevent polio became heavily influenced by developments in the United States. America’s foremost polio charity, the National Foundation for Infantile Paralysis, sponsored University of Pittsburgh researcher Dr. William McD. Hammon to evaluate the efficacy of a human blood fraction, gamma globulin (GG), to prevent paralytic polio. When the resulting clinical trial data appeared to show that the blood fraction offered some protection against the disease, Canadians embraced the concept for reasons of historical trust, parental demand, and public health pragmatism. They established Canada’s first national immunization program to fight polio before the vaccine, as well as developed a plan to produce, evaluate, and distribute GG to epidemic areas. Despite being an expensive enterprise for a geographically vast and sparsely populated nation, Canada’s GG program was extended to citizens and it became an important response to polio before a safe and effective vaccine was licensed. Although the blood fraction was not as effective at preventing polio paralysis as researchers had anticipated, its systematic use reveals how Canadian health leaders drew on transnational relationships to reduce the incidence of disease.
FRANCHISING AS AN INTEGRAL PART OF THE NATURALLY RESERVE FUND'S ECONOMY
Authors: NIKOLAYCHUK TETYANA
Published: September 2019

Topicality. The franchising tool can become a form environmentally oriented business activities, a development vector of cooperation of naturally reserved fund institutions and representatives of the private sector, who want to carry out their activities taking into account environmental imperatives and produce truly ecologically pure products, but first of all corresponding contractual mechanism must be formalized into a legal structure and an independent object of normative-legal regulation.
Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is represented the main tendencies and realities the franchising's law nature problem. Also few questions are being discussed, concerning the specification of franchising like a unique law phenomena. Therefore, the relevant article is devoted to the problems of the formation and use the franchising tool in the field of conservation work, advantages and disadvantages of implementing the mechanism of franchising contracts are considered both for the NRF institutions, and for representatives of the private sector of the economics.
Research results. In this article we have reviewed the public and social elements of "natural reserve franchising's", which engulfs the narrow sphere of relations than other kinds of franchising. Designing a proper franchise system is a creative activity and entails developing a strategic plan, which needs to be written and have a logical flow of information. The strategic plan provides management with a road map for the company, with defined tactical actions that achieve the company�s objectives.
Conclusion. Nowadays, franchisors are looking today to leverage the advantages inherent in the multi-unit developer relationship by modifying the terms of their offerings for developers, by requiring the franchisee to internalize and share in some of the unit support obligations typically provided to single-unit franchisees and reduce the franchisor�s per-unit cost of support. Today�s educated investors are not only looking at what it takes to get into the business, but also the ROI and exit strategy when it�s time to get out. And capitalizing on one�s hard work can be exponentially rewarding in franchising by way of resales. The original franchise model was built on the premise that the franchisor would continue to operate a material number of its own units and therefore would set system goals and operational imperatives that were mutually beneficial.
Evaluation of the Effectiveness of Baselines and Thresholds Intensity Epidemics, According to the Results of Traditional Surveillance for Influenza
Authors: Karpova L. S. , Sominina A. A. , Danilenko D. M. , Volik K. M. , Leonenko V. N.
Published: September 2019

Relevance.Early recognition of the beginning of the epidemic in the country and its individual Federal Districts determines the possibility of timely introduction of anti-epidemic measures in the country as a whole and at the regional level, which helps to reduce the incidence rate and socio-economic damage from influenza.The aimof the study was to improve the traditional surveillance of influenza and common cold in Russia in accordance with the requirements of the World Health Organization.Materials and methods.Weekly epidemic thresholds (NEP), as well as baseline (BL) and epidemic intensity thresholds, were calculated on average for the entire population of the cities and individual federal districts observed.Results and discussion.For the first time, as an additional criterion of the epidemic and its intensity, the baselines and intensity thresholds for the incidence of «influenza» and hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza» for the entire population and different age groups of the Russian Federation and the total incidence of influenza and ARI at the regional level were calculated and tested. Epidemic 2019, in terms of the total incidence of influenza and ARI, separately «influenza» and hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza», was average in terms of intensity, as the previous (2018). The baselines and thresholds of the intensity of the epidemic on the total incidence of influenza and ARI for the Federal districts and, in addition, separately influenza for different age groups of the population of the country revealed the order of involvement in the epidemic and the different intensity of the epidemic in the Federal districts and age groups. This season in the country as a whole at the beginning of the epidemic was more sensitive weekly epidemic threshold, and at the end – post epidemic baseline of influenza and ARI.Сonclusion.The baseline incidence of «influenza» and a hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza» was more sensitive than the weekly epidemic thresholds and the baseline cumulative incidence. Baseline «influenza» morbidity and hospitalization with a diagnosis of «influenza» may be additional signs of the epidemic, revealing the initial and residual circulation ofinfluenza, mainly at a sporadic level.
About Recurrence of Epidemic Process of Tuberculosis
Authors: Yakovlev A. A. , Kornilov M. S. , Pozdeeva E. S. , Burnasheva L. S. , Polyakova N. A.
Published: September 2019

Relevance.The problem of the cyclical nature of the epidemic process (EP) in various infections, including tuberculosis, remains poorly understood.Aim.To study the cyclical nature of the epidemic process of tuberculosis using the example of the territories of the Primorsky Territory and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). The accounting and reporting documents of official medical statistics were used. The incidence of tuberculosis in the population of Primorsky Krai was analyzed from 1951 to 2016, the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) – from 1962 to 2016. For comparison, we used data on the incidence of tuberculosis in the Russian Federation for 1960–2016.Results and discussion.On the basis of data for more than a 60-year period, the dynamics of the development of EP of tuberculosis among the population of the Primorsky Territory and the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) was studied in comparison with that of the Russian Federation as a whole.Conclusion.It is shown that the dynamics of the incidence in the analyzed territories is characterized by synchronism and two periods of an increased incidence rate are distinguished in it: the 50s – the beginning of the 70s of the last century and from the end of the 80s to the present.
Cellular Immune Status Indicators of Anti-Plague Vaccinated Persons, Living on the Caspian Sandy Natural Plague Focus Territory
Authors: Kravtsov A. L. , Kozhevnikov V. A. , Klyueva S. N. , Kudryavtseva O. M. , Schukovskaya T. N. , Mikshis N. I. , Bugorkova S. A.
Published: September 2019

Aim. To compare by flow cytometry the cellular immune status indicators in persons, living on the territory of the Caspian sandy natural plague focus for epidemic indications. Materials and methods. Whole blood leukocytes of 120 people were examined by flow cytometry with using the two four-color labeled monoclonal antibody reagents (Cyto-Stat CD45-FITC, CD4-PE, CD8-ECD, CD3-PC5 и Cyto-Stat CD45-FITC, CD56-PE, CD19-ECD, CD3-PC5) and by means of CD95-FITC reagent. The results were taken into account before and in a month and 6 months after vaccination. We were determined in the blood the relative content of lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, leukocytes carrying an early apoptosis marker (CD95), T and B- lymphocytes, NK cells as well T – lymphocyte helpers (Th) and cytotoxic T-lymphocytes (Tcyt) for immunoregulatory index (IRI) calculation. Results. Before anti-plague vaccination in 14 people (11,7%) were found abnormally low immunoregulatory index values characterized the immunodeficiency state (IRI <1) and noted less intensive and less prolonged immune system cell reaction in response to anti-plague vaccination. In the other surveyed persons IRI were registered before vaccination in the range 1,4-1,5 with a smooth increase in it a month after vaccination and with preservation of the established IRI interval in a range 1,6-1,8 later 6 months after an inoculation. Conclusion. To estimate the effectiveness of anti plague vaccination within the framework of the ongoing measures quality monitoring to ensure sanitary and epidemiological welfare of the population, living on territory of the natural plague foci, the timely immune status monitoring is important in persons at risk for plague infection (hunters, shepherds, agricultural workers, medical workers).
Particulate Matter in a Hospital Environment: as Potential Reservoir for Hospital Strains
Authors: Chezganova E. A. , Efimova O. S. , Sozinov S. A. , Efimova A. R. , Sakharova V. M. , Kutikhin A. G. , Osnova M. V. , Ismagilov Z. R. , Brusina E. B.
Published: September 2019

Relevance. For decades, many aspects of aerosol transmission of hospital pathogens have been and remain the subject of scientific debate. Despite fairly detailed studies of the mechanism of microbial aerosols formation, distribution, the role of particulate matter in the formation of antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant hospital clones of microorganisms is still unclear. Aim. To investigate physicochemical properties and microbiological diversity of hospital particulate matter. Materials and Methods. Shape and size of particulates was assessed by means of scanning electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering while elemental analysis was performed using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and high-temperature catalytic oxidation. Microbial profiling was conducted using polymerase chain reaction and Vitek 2 biochemical analyzer. Results. Hospital particulate matter included globular and fibrillary particles consisting of carbon, oxygen, calcium, silicon, aluminium, and sulfur. Intriguingly, microfiber particles had higher oxygen and calcium content along with the lower level of carbon in mineral but not organic component. Differential localisation of silicon and calcium in elemental mapping suggested that hospital particulate matter was composed of aluminosilicate minerals and calcium compounds. Among the microorganisms, we found multidrug-resistant strains Raoultella ornithinolytica, Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pantoea spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecium and additionally Pasteurella canis in hospital particulate matter samples. Conclusions. Particulate matter in the hospital environment might be considered as a potential reservoir for the evolution of antibiotic resistance and multidrug-resistant strains.
Effect of Vaccination against Pneumococcal Infection and Influenza on the Clinical Course of Bronchial Asthma
Authors: Andreeva N. P. , Protasov A. V. , Kostinovа T. A. , Lezhenina S. V.
Published: September 2019

Relevance.Bronchial asthma is widespread in the world, according to WHO estimates, 235 million people suffer from it. In Russia, according to official figures, 1.3 million cases of bronchial asthma have been reported. Domestic experts reasonably believe that these data are underestimated at least 4 times. Considering that patients with bronchial asthma undergo significant changes in the immune system and are especially difficult to tolerate respiratory and other infectious diseases, determining the effect of vaccination on the clinical course of bronchial asthma is very important. The purpose of the review is to show how vaccinations against pneumococcal infection and influenza affect the condition of patients with bronchial asthma.Conclusion.Features of formation of protective immunity at various schemes of immunization against pneumococcal infection are analyzed. In patients with bronchial asthma, the justification of the vaccination scheme with the advantage of the priority administration of conjugated polysaccharide vaccine with the subsequent introduction of a polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine after 8 weeks is given. Vaccination against pneumococcal infections has led to the elimination of sputum S. рneumoniae. In vaccination against pneumococcal infection, there was an improvement in the level of disease control, which was confirmed by the ACQ-5 test-a decrease in the indicator from 2 [1,5;1,8;3] points (lack of asthma control) to 0,6 [0;1] points (asthma control) during the year of observation, p < 0,001. Vaccination against influenza in patients with bronchial asthma leads to a decrease in the frequency and duration of exacerbations, there is a decrease in the level of markers of systemic inflammation. Combined vaccination against influenza and pneumococcal infection is not accompanied by a reliable difference in tolerability in comparison with monovaccination only against pneumococcal infection or influenza.
Ritz solution for buckling analysis of thin-walled composite channel beams based on a classical beam theory
Authors: Duong Nguyen Ngoc , Kien Nguyen Trung , Nhan Nguyen Thien
Published: September 2019

Buckling analysis of thin-walled composite channel beams is presented in this paper. The displacement field is based on classical beam theory. Both plane stress and plane strain state are used to achieve constitutive equations. The governing equations are derived from Lagrange’s equations. Ritz method is applied to obtain the critical buckling loads of thin-walled beams. Numerical results are compared to those in available literature and investigate the effects of fiber angle, length-to-height’s ratio, boundary condition on the critical buckling loads of thin-walled channel beams.

Keywords:

Ritz method; thin-walled composite beams; buckling.
Static analysis of Reissner-Mindlin plates using ES+NS-MITC3 elements
Authors: Thanh Chau Dinh , Con Ho Thi , Binh Le Phuong
Published: September 2019

In this research, the smoothed finite element methods (S-FEM) based on the edge-based (ES) and node-based (NS) approaches are combined to develop for the 3-node triangular plate element which uses the mixed interpolation of tensorial components (MITC3) technique to remove the shear-locking phenomenon. This approach is based on the βFEM in which the parameter β is used to tune the contribution ratio of the edge-based and node-based smoothed domains. The strain fields of the proposed ES+NS-MITC3 element are smoothed on a part of the edge-based domains and the other on the node-based domains which are respectively defined by elements sharing common edges and common nodes. The ES+NS-MITC3 element passes the patch test and is employed to statically analyze some benchmark Reissner-Mindlin plates, including square and rhombus ones. Numerical results show that, in both thin and thick plates the ES+NS-MITC3 element can give results better than similar elements using the ES-FEM or NS-FEM only.
Large displacement elastic analysis of planar steel frames with flexible beam-to-column connections under static loads by corotational beam-column element
Authors: Hai Nguyen Van , Nghiem Doan Ngoc Tinh , Binh Le Van , Tin Le Nguyen Cong , Cuong Ngo Huu
Published: September 2019

This paper presents the elastic large-displacement analysis of planar steel frames with flexible connections under static loads. A corotational beam-column element is established to derive the element stiffness matrix considering the effects of axial force on bending moment (P-Δ effect), the additional axial strain caused by end rotations and the nonlinear moment – rotation relationship of beam-to-column connections. A structural nonlinear analysis program is developed by MATLAB programming language based on the modified spherical arc-length algorithm in combination with the sign of displacement internal product to automate the analysis process. The obtained numerical results are compared with those from previous studies to prove the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed element and program.
Computational opposition analysis using word embeddings: A method for strategising resonant informal argument
Authors: Shackell Cameron , Sitbon Laurianne
Published: September 2019

In informal argument, an essential step is to ask what will “resonate” with a particular audience and hence persuade. Marketers, for example, may recommend a certain colour for a new soda can because it “pops” on Instagram; politicians may “fine-tune” diction for different social demographics. This paper engages the need to strategise for such resonance by offering a method for automating opposition analysis (OA), a technique from semiotics used in marketing and literary analysis to plot objects of interest on oppositional axes. Central to our computational approach is a reframing of texts as proxies for thought and opposition as the product of oscillation in thought in response to those proxies, a model to which the contextual similarity information contained in word embeddings is relevant. We illustrate our approach with an analysis of texts on gun control from ProCon.org , implementing a three-step method to: 1) identify relatively prominent signifiers; 2) rank possible opposition pairs on prominence and contextual similarity scores; and 3) derive plot values for proxies on opposition pair axes. The results are discussed in terms of strategies for informal argument that might be derived by those on each side of gun control.
Physiotherapist-led triage of patients with thoracic spine pain in a musculoskeletal assessment clinic: A service evaluation of activity and outcomes
Authors: Smyth Conor , Smart Keith , Fitzpatrick Martina , Caffrey Aoife , McLoughlin Catherine , Doody Catherine
Published: September 2019

BACKGROUND:

Thoracic spine pain and dysfunction (TSPD) has received less attention in the literature compared to the lumbar and cervical spine, which has created challenges for differential diagnosis in the region.

AIMS:

The study purpose was to describe the clinical activity and outcomes of TSPD patients attending a clinical specialist physiotherapist (CSP)-led orthopaedic and rheumatology triage service, known as the ‘Musculoskeletal Assessment Clinic’ (MAC).

METHODS:

The Clinical Audit department of St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, approved this study. A retrospective service evaluation was carried out of patients who attended the MAC with TSPD between August 2012 and October 2015. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics with SPSS version 20.

RESULTS:

Of the n = 5,143 new patients referred to the MAC over a period of 37 months, 88 of these (2%) (mean age 36.66, years sd = 16.61), were referred primarily for TSPD. Sixty nine percent ( n = 61) of patients were categorized as non-specific thoracic spine pain (NSTSP) and 18% ( n = 16) structural. Seventy-six investigations were requested for 59% ( n = 52) of patients and plain radiograph was the most frequently requested (40.8%, n = 31). Eighty percent ( n = 70) of patients were independently managed by CSPs, with 16% ( n = 14) of patients being referred for a surgical or medical consultant opinion.

CONCLUSION:

The majority (80%) of the patients were independently managed by the CSPs. Presentations of TSPD to a physiotherapy-led triage service in a secondary care setting attributable to underlying serious pathologies appears to be rare. Replication of this study in other healthcare institutions would be useful for corroborating our findings.
Searchaton: a gamified, team-based on-site teaching format for literature searching for medical students
Authors: Wilde Michael , Wechsler Monika , Ewald Hannah
Published: September 2019

The Medical Faculty and the University Medical Library of the University of Basel jointly developed a new learning unit called Searchaton. This learning unit aimed at providing knowledge for the point-of-care literature search in everyday clinical practice. To make this as practical and customer-oriented as possible, the faculty and library interacted closely with medical experts. During the Searchaton, the task was to translate a patient case into a clinical question and to find an answer to that question. The format combined collaborative working and gamification with an aspect of time pressure to better reflect everyday clinical situations. The participants benefited greatly from the intensive support and were able to assess their searching skills in the context of evidence-based clinical decision-making.
Obesity diagnosis and mortality risk based on a body shape index (ABSI) and other indices and anthropometric parameters in university students
Authors: Gažarová Martina , Galšneiderová Mária , Mečiarová Lucia
Published: September 2019

Background. Obesity is a global epidemic and belongs to major risk factors for the most prevalent diseases. Anthropometric measures are simple, inexpensive, non-invasive tools to diagnosis obesity and to assess the risk of morbidity and mortality.
The most widely used are body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip (WHR) and waist-to-height ratios, visceral fat area (VFA), body fat (BFP) and a new body shape index (ABSI).
Objective. The aim of this study was to examine the usefulness of the ABSI in obesity diagnosis compared with other anthropometric parameters like WC, WHR, BMI, VFA, and BFP. We also compared the predictability between ABSI and above mentioned common anthropometric indices.
Material and methods. The study group was composed of 236 university students. Body height, weight, WC was measured and BMI, WHR, ABSI and ABSI z-score were calculated. The anthropometric measurements were made by using InBody 720 (Biospace Co. Ltd., Seoul, Republic of Korea). Body composition, especially VFA, BFP, FFM was diagnosed by multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analysis. We evaluated the collected data statistically and graphically in Microsoft Office Excel 2010 (Los Angeles, CA, USA). Statistical analyses were performed using the program STATISTICA Cz version 10.
Results. The diagnosis of obesity among participants according to anthropometric measures and indices showed considerable differences. We found that obesity was diagnosed according to waist circumference in 31% of participants.
According to BMI 20.3% of subjects were overweight and 5.1% obese. With increasing BMI values, the values of WC, WHR and VFA also increased linearly. According to visceral fat area 11.4% of participants were in the risk obese group and by ABSI mortality risk there were 22% of subjects with high risk (4.8% and 28.3% for men and women, respectively) and 19.1% with very high risk (11.1% and 22% for men and women, respectively). VFA and BFP values increased with increasing risk of mortality, and in men also waist circumference values. When evaluating the ABSI in relation to BMI, the U-shaped curve was confirmed and in the case of WC the J-shaped curve. The FFM evaluation showed that the very low ABSI mortality risk group reached the highest values of this parameter and the lowest values showed the average mortality risk group, not only in the study group but also in male and female groups.
Conclusions. Our findings suggest the relevance of ABSI to screen at-risk population.
Role of nutritional support provided by qualified dietitians in the prevention and treatment of non-communicable diseases
Authors: Bednarczuk Barbara , Czekajło-Kozłowska Anna
Published: September 2019

The role of dietitians is to counsel patients on special dietary modifications, develop dietary plans and provide dietary advice for healthy lifestyle in order to promote health and prevent disease. As lifestyle changes have become a primary reason for the increasing prevalence of non-communicable diseases in recent decades, it appears that nutritional therapy should play an important role in the multidisciplinary healthcare system. The aim of the review was to evaluate the role of nutritional support provided by dietitians in the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in terms of its clinical and cost-effectiveness, according to their range of activity and qualifications. The evaluation was based on the review of the current literature. The costs of the treatment of non-communicable diseases encompass the costs of the treatment of the disease itself, costs of its complications and costs resulting from the decline of the productivity of patients. The results of studies indicate that nutritional support provides not only clinical but also cost benefits in the prevention and treatment of various non-communicable diseases. Every €1 spend on dietary counseling of patients with obesity or obesity-related diseases approximately returns a net €14 to €63 over a period of five years. Dietitians appear to be more effective in counseling overweight or obese patients with present risk factors compared to other specialists, however the barriers to accessing a qualified dietitian and problems with the reimbursement for services still exist. As adequate professional qualifications of dietitians appear to be an important factor determining the effectiveness of implemented dietary care, an additional training courses for dietitians and enhanced cooperation of hospitals and medical universities are needed.
Influence of window area and thermal transmittance in the consumption of electric energy in mid-western Brazil
Authors: Elaise Gabriel , Domingos Renata , Guarda Emeli , Grigoletti Giane
Published: September 2019

The opening of windows allows the entrance of natural light, however, allows the transfer of thermal load from inside to outside the building and vice versa. Currently, despite the technological advances, it is still not possible in many buildings to integrate natural and artificial light. The design of a building, its geometry, size and properly orientation of the openings can result in great energy savings. Hence, defining the ideal window area for an ambient in which there is a balance between solar thermal load, air conditioning and natural and artificial lighting would lead to an environment whereby the energy consumption is optimized. This research presents the already consolidated methodology for calculation of ideal window area, which aims at the lower consumption of artificial lighting and air conditioning, considering a residential living environment. The analysis of energy consumption was carried out using the DesignBuilder software and the climate file of the city of Cuiabá - MT was considered, in order to quantify the impact of the climate on the supply of natural light and energy consumption. The methodology was divided into 3 stages, the first one consists of the determination of the base case and the constitution of the types of materials for analysis of the different thermal transmittance. In the second part of the method the simulations were performed and in the last stage the results were analysed. The simulations were performed considering the opening area at each 10% of the facade, for three geometries (1: 2, 1: 1 and 2: 1) considering three construction systems. The results showed that the openings in the south facade consume less and that this orientation allows larger openings, as well as the use of geometries with greater depth. Also, the thermal properties of the envelope influence the ideal window area, and the larger the thermal capacity the larger the openings that can be used. The present research showed the importance of considering the adequate areas and implementation of windows in the projects through the simulation. The potential of using sunlight for lighting has also been proven, by integrating natural and artificial light.
水质检验中原子吸收光谱法的应用解析
Authors: 沙 姜华
Published: September 2019

随着社会的发展,我国经济呈现了飞速递增的趋势。而随着经济的增长,各种工业工厂中也出现了污水乱排放的现象,不但对水质造成的严重的污染,同时也对人们的身体健康造成了严重的威胁。在水质检验中,主要是对重金属的含量给予分析,而原子吸收光谱法是较为常用的检测方法。原子吸收光谱法直接应用于生活饮水中重金属含量检测较为广泛,本文重点讨论原子吸收光谱法在水质检验中的间接应用。
城市大气环境治理途径探究
Authors: 程 龙
Published: September 2019

我国城市化建设力度不断增大,城市经济得到发展的同时,也带来了大气环境问题,给人类的健康带来了严重威胁,对此,必须采取相应措施加以改善,提高城市大气环境质量,促进人类社会的可持续发展。本文主要针对大气环境污染的主要原因、大气环境污染的基本构成因素以及加强城市大气环境治理的对策做了具体分析,以供参考。
如何做到风景园林设计中人性化与自然地域元素相结合
Authors: 王 江明
Published: September 2019

景观建设项目正在增加。对于园林设计,人性化可以渗透到园林设计中,可以有效地反映整体设计的起点,具有整体效果；人性化的设计理念可以应用于景观设计。要满足现代人的特点,必须注重绿化,道路,水景,标志等项目的设计。此外,我们还可以结合当地文化和传统文化,提高园林设计的整体水平,使其更好。它满足了人们对园林景观的需求。因此,人性化设计理念在景观设计中的应用是未来园林设计的主要发展趋势。
分散式风电发展技术分析
Authors: 许 崇伟
Published: September 2019

在当今我国社会经济与科学技术的不断发展之中,低碳、清洁以及高效能源的应用与发展越来越受到人们的重视,因此,风力发电也就得到了良好的发展。分散式风电有着建设、技术以及运营方面的很多优势,因此,分散式风电的应用与发展有效弥补了集中式风电的不足。本文就是对分散式风电的技术及其发展进行分析,希望可以对分散式风电在当今的进一步应用与发展提供一定的帮助和参考。
不锈钢厂混酸废水脱氮系统回流除硬工艺
Authors: 杨 爽
Published: September 2019

不锈钢厂在生产过程中在轧制后需要对钢板进行退火处理,退火处理的主要目的是消除钢板表面应力、降低其硬度,退火后会在表面形成氧化层,故在每次退火后都设有酸洗工艺,不锈钢的酸洗前段采用了中性电解液洗或硫酸,后段采用硝酸加氢氟酸的混酸,故在后段的混酸废水排放中含有大量的硝酸根,如不进行处理将会造成总氮排放超标,常规的脱氮采用生物反硝化工艺,在运行过程中由于反硝化产生大量碱度容易产生大量碳酸钙结垢,影响生化正常运行,本文介绍了利用生化出水高碱度回流至前段物化段进行反应去除水中硬度工艺。
环境监测质量控制关键因素及对策
Authors: 马 莹
Published: September 2019

现如今,我国政府对环境污染制定了多条规范,环境监测也成为了环境保护工作中的主要内容。环境问题与日常生活联系密切,故而采取有效措施加强环境监测,积极治理环境问题也成为了人们关注的焦点。本文主要分析了环境监测质量控制关键因素及对策,以供参考。
农村水利工程管理的现状及策略分析
Authors: 闫 新强
Published: September 2019

加强农村水利工程的管理工作对于农村水利工程建设具有重要的意义,完善和加强农村水利工程管理工作是农村建设的一项重要任务。我国农村的水利工程在减灾、防灾、排涝以及防洪等方面已经做出了很大的贡献,并且在生态环境、农业灌溉以及居民生活等各种生产经营活动中发挥了很大的作用,对我国新农村的建设极其重要。本文笔者基于此主要来分析探究当前农村水利工程管理过程中所存在的局限性以及具体的解决对策。
Aspectos Relacionados ao Atraso no Diagnóstico e Tratamento do Câncer de Mama em uma Unidade Hospitalar de Pernambuco
Authors: Paiva Christiano José Kühl de , Cesse Eduarda Ângela Pessoa
Published: September 2019

Introdução: A alta mortalidade por câncer de mama no Brasil está intimamente associada ao retardo na investigação das lesões suspeitas e na instituição oportuna da terapêutica. Objetivo: Investigar os aspectos relacionados ao atraso no diagnóstico e tratamento das pacientes com câncer de mama. Método: Estudo epidemiológico observacional, descritivo, de corte transversal. Foram inicialmente entrevistadas 54 pacientes admitidas para investigação no departamento de mastologia do Hospital de Câncer de Pernambuco; destas, 25 resultaram positivas para câncer de mama se constituindo no universo da pesquisa. Resultados: A faixa etária mais representada foi das pacientes entre 60 e 79 anos (48%). A maioria se apresentava em estádios avançados (72%) e após, pelo menos, três meses do início dos sintomas (64%). O diagnóstico foi confirmado em menos de 30 dias (88,9% dos casos); porém o início do tratamento excedeu os 60 dias em 56,6% dos casos. Conclusão: Demonstrou-se que, para a maior parte das pacientes, há atraso no estabelecimento do diagnóstico e início do tratamento. Este se distribui nos diversos níveis de atenção à saúde e possui aspectos relacionados tanto às usuárias, como aos profissionais e aos serviços de saúde.
Journal Importance on free dissemination of researches and ideas
Authors: Lopes Jr Guilherme B , Bock Eduardo G P
Published: September 2019

Science has been strongly linked to the ability to disseminate ideas in academia. In the advancing technological and information age, available capacity for ideas dissemination
encompasses much more than congresses and events, giving air to faster ways for information to be disseminated. After all, once-limited information has reached every audiences, hungry for knowledge in an area. However, the breadth of these information bumps into two factors: first, which limits who can disseminate their ideas, since research remains hostage to prevailing rates/fees and their commercial interests, which culminate in surpassing academic interest; and second, the amount of information, without any qualitative criteria, contaminates the environment of truly relevant information. Despite slow progress, Open Access publishing medias increase slowly and become significant in the scientific world. This advancing scenario provides new journal initiatives which disseminate quality work at no fees, aiming only at the academic gain of these disclosures, eliminating some bottlenecks that hinder scientific advancement in certain areas. Thus, new ideas and results from serious researches have reaching notoriety in free Open Access magazines. In this context the TASJ is inserted. It started with an ambitious proposal: to create a no-fees Open Access magazine that could give visibility to quality research that previously could not be covered by the traditional journals. This has promoted, throughout this brief period of existence, dissemination of articles, whose ideas convey and enable scientific growth. The continuous process through the collaboration of volunteers has advanced, always focused on the qualitative evolution of the journal. With ISSN register being the first step, Open Access magazine accreditation and future indexing, this bold initiative of a group of visionary and academic researchers have been consolidated. In this September 2019 edition, important works are highlighted in the three basic areas, coming from different regions and researchers to corroborate national and international science. The editorial board, represented here by us, thanks everyone involved in these articles, especially the reviewers who devoted hours of their time to help select and improve these articles. We invite you to be part of this history, and we believe that promising work and ideas should always be encouraged.
Ensaios em materiais cerâmicos e poliméricos de alta performance em mancais nos Dispositivos de Assistência Ventricular (DAV)
Authors: Araki Sergio Y , Florentino Pamela C , Saito Michele A , Bock Eduardo G P , Arruda Antonio C F , Rocha Joaquim A , Stoeterau Rodrigo L
Published: September 2019

Com os atuais estudos de pesquisa e desenvolvimento em bomba de sangue, se faz necessário o conhecimento de novas perspectivas de materiais que garantam confiabilidade e durabilidade em relação à sua resistência ao desgaste. Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o desenvolvimento de ensaios e análises dos desgastes dos eixos em mancais, realizados em Dispositivo para Assistência Ventricular (DAV). Os materiais envolvidos são eixos em materiais cerâmicos de óxido de zircônio (ZrO2). Os testes foram realizados em um protótipo de DAV desenvolvido pelo Laboratório de Bioengenharia e Biomateriais do IFSP, as análises foram obtidas com um perfilômetro CCI MP Taylor Hobson em parceria com o Laboratório de Mecânica da Poli (USP). No corpo de prova não foi detectado nenhuma rugosidade superficial que interferisse no teste. Os eixos e mancais avaliados apresentaram resultados satisfatórios quanto ao desgaste observado no perfilômetro. Outras técnicas poderão ser utilizadas no futuro para garantir maior confiabilidade desses componentes da Bomba de Sangue Centrífuga Implantável.
Aplicação da técnica óptica de Moiré de projeção para análise de deformação nos mancais cerâmicos do Dispositivo de Assistência Ventricular (DAV)
Authors: Loiola Monyze T C , Araki Sergio Y , Bock Eduardo G P , Fujita Isac K
Published: September 2019

Os Dispositivos de Assistência Ventricular (DAV), tais como as bombas de sangue centrífugas, auxiliam o bombeamento sanguíneo do coração de um paciente com insuficiência cardíaca por um longo período. Estes dispositivos são desenvolvidos com um eixo rotor apoiado em dois mancais, podendo ocorrer desgaste por atrito devido à velocidade de giro do rotor e força de contato entre o eixo rotor e os mancais. Há a possibilidade de que, se ocorrer determinado desgaste, exista contaminação sanguínea por partículas liberadas do mancal após o atrito. Frente às necessidades de evitar os danos mecânicos deste dispositivo, o presente trabalho propôs a metodologia da técnica de Moiré de Projeção, sendo este fenômeno baseado no momento em que grades são projetadas sob a superfície do objeto, sofrendo interferências, em que gera o Retículo Modelo, ou seja, obtém – se franjas de Moiré sendo essas padronizadas em linhas mais claras e escuras. Esta técnica de Moiré aplicada nos mancais de um DAV permite a verificação de seu perfil e dos desgastes dos mesmos, resultando em um mapa de deformação através da utilização de software de tratamento de imagens das franjas. Os resultados para este projeto, através do tratamento das imagens obtidas, podem ser utilizados como metodologia alternativa para detectar os desgastes dos mancais no eixo rotor, para assim auxiliar na melhoria do projeto.
Viabilidade da implementação de um sistema háptico pneumático para cirurgia robótica
Authors: Liao D , Machado D S , Moser E , Wagner J P D , Ponce D A S
Published: September 2019

Robôs cirurgiões apresentaram uma grande inovação no setor da saúde. O desenvolvimento dessa inovação depende do aprimoramento da precisão, acurácia e controle desses equipamentos. Um ponto relevante é que normalmente, nessas aplicações, não há a possibilidade de dar um retorno (feedback) ao cirurgião sobre quais são as forças envolvidas no processo de cirurgia, como a força necessária para o corte ou sutura. A proposta deste trabalho é analisar a possibilidade de aplicação de músculos pneumáticos em robôs cirurgiões e da possibilidade de se obter um feedback háptico para o cirurgião durante o processo de operação. É realizada uma análise das vantagens da cirurgia robótica, são explicados os conceitos de feedback háptico e analisado o modelo do músculo de McKibben. Esta análise é feita juntando as ferramentas do domínio pneumático, de feedback háptico e de cirurgia. Duas modelagens são aqui propostas e simuladas, com a finalidade de verificar se é factível ou não a construção de um robô cirúrgico pneumático com feedback háptico. É concluído que não é recomendada a implementação do modelo de robô cirúrgico pneumático com feedback háptico aqui proposto, até , pelo menos, poder solucionar as dificuldades para compensar as respostas não lineares. Recomenda-se finalmente a implementação de um controle robusto para lidar com as não linearidades associadas aos músculos pneumáticos na cirurgia robótica.
Desenvolvimento de veículos para competições universitárias de eficiência energética
Authors: Malacarne L J , Lobão E C , Kimura L Y , Bassi V F , Gaiotto F , Denardi E W , Dominguez L S , Bender S G , Mehanna I , Santos B , Abdel K M , Davi M F , Souza D W
Published: September 2019

O Grupo Cataratas de Eficiência Energética (GCEE) é constituído por docentes e discentes do CECE da Unioeste - Foz do Iguaçu, e tem por finalidade enriquecer a formação de seus integrantes por meio de atividades de projeto, construção e manejo de veículos para competições de eficiência energética para veículos movidos à energia elétrica e etanol. A equipe já participou de diversas competições sendo a detentora do recorde latino-americano na categoria etanol (736 Km com um litro de etanol).
Carotid intimal medial thickness in children with celiac disease
Authors: Bhavika Y M , Dewan Vivek , Sachdev Namrita , Yadav T P , Mittal Hema , Yadav Ajeet Kumar , Nabum Surat
Published: September 2019

Introduction: Increasing cardiovascular risk in celiac disease (CD) may be attributed to the chronic systemic inflammation and unfavorable biochemical profile leading to accelerated atherosclerosis. Carotid intimal medial thickness (CIMT) has emerged as a direct marker of the early atherosclerosis as compared to traditional biochemical markers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to evaluate the CIMT in children with CD aged 1–16 years. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional observational study was conducted at the department of Pediatrics and Radio Diagnosis in a tertiary care hospital of New Delhi. Thirty-six children with CD with age- and sex-matched controls were enrolled. CIMT for the anterior and posterior walls on each side was measured, and the mean CIMT was obtained for all the enrolled children. Results: The mean right-sided CIMT was significantly higher in cases (0.053±0.009 cm vs. 0.039±0.007 cm, p=0.000). The mean left-sided CIMT did not significantly differ between the groups (0.051±0.009 cm vs. 0.048±0.055 cm, p=0.702). The mean CIMT (right and left together), although higher in Celiacs, was not significantly different from controls (0.052±0.008 cm and 0.044±0.029 cm, p=0.114). However, a significant positive correlation between the age of the patients, age at the onset of symptoms, and CIMT was noted. Conclusion: Although we could not demonstrate statistically significant results, the mean CIMT and the right-sided measurements were significantly higher in cases than in controls.
Yüksek Kardiyak Riskli Olguda Ultrasonografi Eşliğinde Kombine Femoral-Siyatik Blok
Authors: YILMAZ Nezir , YEREBAKAN Selcan , GURBET Alp
Published: September 2019

Yüksek kardiyak riskli hastalarda, hemodinamik duyarlılık ve antikoagülan kullanımı nedeniyle genel ve spinal anestezi kontraendi-ke olarak kabul edilmektedir. Hemodinami üzerine etkileri minimal olan periferik sinir blokları yüksek riskli hasta grubunda daha güvenli bir anestezi yöntemi olarak görülmektedir. Bu olgu sunumunda yakın zamanlı miyokard infarktüsü geçmişi olan yüksek riskli kardiyak hastada kombine femoral –siyatik blok uygulamasını sunuyoruz. Hastada operasyon süresince ek anestezi ve analjezi ihtiyacı gözlenmedi. Peroperatif ve erken postoperatif dönemde komplikasyona rastlanmadı. Sonuç olarak kombine femoral –siyatik blok yüksek riskli hastalarda alt ekstremite cerrahilerinde etkin ve güvenli bir anestezi yöntemi olarak uygulanabilir.