bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Riesgos ergonómicos asociados a sintomatología músculo esqueléticas en el personal de salud del área de cirugía en el Hospital General Docente Ambato
Authors: Pachucho Flores Ana Pamela , Moya Jiménez Evelin Lizbeth , Chicaiza López Mónica Gabriela , Lozada Lara Lourdes Maricela
Published: March 2023

Para el cuidado de pacientes en una institución hospitalaria, además de todo el equipo interdisciplinarios es importante la actuación del personal de Salud, caracterizada por la ejecución de una serie de actividades; como traslado de peso, manejo de instrumentos médicos, permanencia de pie durante mucho tiempo como ocurre a lo largo de una cirugía. El objetivo de la presente investigación fue determinar los riesgos ergonómicos asociados a la sintomatología musculo esquelética en el personal de Personal de Salud que labora en el área de cirugía del Hospital General Docente Ambato. Se realizó un estudio de tipo cuantitativo, descriptivo y de campo con 20 profesionales de salud del área de cirugía que tiene contrato con el Hospital General Docente Ambato mediante un Cuestionario de Riesgos Ergonómicos elaborado por los investigadores y el Cuestionario Nórdico realizado por Martínez, M & Muños R. Con relación a los riesgos evaluados se evidencio que las posturas forzadas representan el 75%. Con respecto a los requerimientos excesivos de fuerza, el 60%, realizan esfuerzo físico mayor de 25kg. En cuanto a los riesgos ergonómicos asociados a movimientos excesivos, se destacan los movimientos repetitivos representando un 90%. De acuerdo con los parámetros mencionados anteriormente podrían con el tiempo sufrir anomalías que vayan en contra de su propia salud. Se determinó que los riesgos ergonómicos a los están expuestas con frecuencia las profesionales de salud son: posturas forzadas, requerimientos excesivos de fuerza y la demasía de movimientos, los mismo que afectan su salud. Estas contribuyen a la aparición de dolencias y posteriormente patologías musculo esqueléticas que afectan a su buen desempeño laboral.
ANALISIS PROSES PEMBELAJARAN MEDIA GAMBAR KARTU TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN BERBICARA PADA ANAK USIA 5-6 TAHUN DI TK AISYIYAH BUSTANUL ATHFAL SAPEN YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Virli Susanti Utia , Fajriati Ruliana , Susanti Desy Susanti
Published: March 2023

Pembelajaran yang efektif memerlukan perencanaan yang baik. Media yang digunakan dalam proses pembelajaran juga memerlukan perencanaan yang baik pula. Kemampuan berbicara anak usia 5-6 tahun dapat di berikan stimulasi yang baik dengan menggunakan media gambar kartu. Medianya dapat menarik minat dan perhatian anak, menuntutnya dalam penyajian lebih jelas dan mempermudah anak terhadap apa yang disampaikan pendidik. Sehingga kemampuan berbicara anak di usia 5-6 tahun yang kurang dapat di atasi dengan media gambar kartu. Dengan demikian ada tiga fokus utama dalam penelitian ini, pertama proses pembelajaran media gambar kartu terhadap kemampuan berbicara anak, kedua desain pembelajaran media gambar kartu terhadap  kemampuan berbicara anak, ketiga hasil dari penggunaan media gambar kartu terhadap kemampuan berbicara pada anak.

Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif, subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah kepala sekolah, guru, dan anak, metode pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah redukasi data, penyajian data, penyimpulan. Selanjutnya untuk mengetahui uji keabsahan data menggunakan teknik trianggulasi dengan menggunakan sumber teknik satu penelitian ganda.

 Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa (1) proses pembelajaran dengan media gambar kartu dapat di lihat dari perencanaan guru menggunakan prosedur terkait tema yang diajarkan, peralatan penggunaan media, system kelompok, variasi media gambar, RPPH. (2) desain pembelajaran dengan media gambar kartu dapat dilihat dari kegiatan pembuka, yang menjelaskan terkait melatih pembiasaan, kegiatan inti terdapat penjelasan media, variasi warnanya. Dan kegiatan penutup menjelaskan terkait pengulangan proses belajar.(3) hasil dari penggunaan media gambar kartu, dapat dilihat dari pengamatan seperti mengamati aktivitas belajar peserta didik, kemudian catatan menyeluruh yang mencatat berbagai aktivitas belajar peserta didik, dan kemudian buku laporan mingguan (buku penghubung) yang merekap kegiatan anak selama satu minggu.
Analisis Perkembangan kemampuan Membaca Permulaan Pada Siswa Sekolah Dasar Menggunakan Metode Montessori
Authors: Aminullah Wanda Alifia Nur Aminullah , Liansari Vevy Liansari
Published: March 2023

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan kemampuan membaca permulaan pada siswa yang mengalami kesulitan membaca menggunakan metode Montessori studi kasus siswa sekolah dasar negeri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif eksperimen dengan desain penelitian Pre-Experimental Design dan bentuk penelitian One Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Penelitian ini dilakukan sesuai dengan tahap pembelajaran membaca menggunakan metode Montessori. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah asesmen membaca permulaan. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan hasil nilai pre-test dan post-test. Data yang telah diperoleh dianalisis menggunakan SPSS dengan uji paired sample t-test dan uji independent sample t-test. Uji paired sample t-test Sig. (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 < 0,05 sehingga perbedaan nilai pre-test dan post-test signifikan. Uji Independent t-test Sig. (2-tailed) 0,011 < 0,05 sehingga terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan antara beda hasil pre-test dan post-test siswa kondusif dengan siswa tidak kondusif. Maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa metode Montessori efektif dalam meningkatkan perkembangan kemampuan membaca permulaan siswa akan tetapi perbedaan efektifitas metode Montessori dapat berbeda berdasarkan kondusifitas siswa.

 

Kata Kunci:   Membaca Permulaan, Siswa Sekolah Dasar, Metode Montessori.
ANALYSIS OF FAMILY WELL-BEING IMPROVEMENT THROUGH THE JOINT ENTERPRISE GROUP PROGRAM (KUBE) IN HULOTHALANGI DISTRICT
Authors: Syamsul  , Mediansyah Achmad Risa , Pakaya Syaiful
Published: March 2023

The research objectives were to analyze the implementation of the joint enterprise group program (KUBE) in supporting family enterprise groups in Hulothalangi District, to analyze the benefits of the KUBE program in improving family well-being, and to analyze the obstacles faced by beneficiary families in developing their enterprise groups. The stages in the research method began with collecting data by using two approaches, namely, in-depth interview and focused group discussion. Administrators, members, government and stakeholders were conducted in In-depth interviews. Data analysis in this research used a descriptive-qualitative approach with Miles and Huberman's data analysis model consisting of data collection, data reduction, data display, and Conclution Drawing/Verification. The results showed that the thorough implementation of the KUBE program was not fully carried out seriously. The benefits of the KUBE program for groups have not yet been gained to increase family well-being. There are many obstacles that prevent the KUBE program from being implemented properly.
Can Tax Knowledge, Tax Awareness and Socialization Increase Taxpayer Compliance?
Authors: Adam Novita , Suleman Nurjana , Thalib Maryati Kadir
Published: March 2023

This study wants to examine how the influence of knowledge and awareness on taxpayer compliance; and want to test whether tax socialization is able to moderate to relationship awareness and taxpayer compliance. Data was collected through a questionnaire distributed to 100 taxpayers at KPP West Makassar research samples then analyzed using the Partial Least Square (PLS) approach. The results of the study found that tax knowledge and awareness affect taxpayer compliance. However, tax socialization was unable to moderate the relationship between awareness and taxpayer compliance.
Aspects of the characteristics of financial reports from governments through organizational commitment
Authors: Fuada Nurul , Amin Asbi
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this research is to demonstrate that the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the objectives of the budget have an impact on the characteristics of government financial reports and the clarity of the objectives of the budget on the characteristics of government financial statements. Organizational commitment is capable of moderating the relationship between the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the objectives of the budget with the characteristics of the financial reports of the government. This is a quantitative study of primary data. The population in this study was responsible for making the financial reports of the Makassar City Regional Apparatus Organization using a purposeful sampling technique by the head of administration and accounting staff, so that the sample was fifty-four people. A questionnaire survey collected data and tested it through Partial Least Square (PLS) analysis. The results demonstrate that the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the budget objectives have a significant impact on the characteristics of government financial reports. The organizational commitment, however, was unable to moderate the relationship between the capacity of the financial apparatus and the clarity of the budgetary objectives with regard to the characteristics of government financial reporting.
The Influence of Organizational Culture and Work Motivation on Organizational Commitment
Authors: Syamsu Nur , Syam Jumiati
Published: March 2023

This study examines and analyzes the influence of organizational cultureand work motivation on organizational commitment at the Department ofWomen's Empowerment and Child Protection in the Mamasa Regency.Data collection using primary data with a questionnaire technique. Thepopulation in this study were all employees who worked at the Departmentof Women's Empowerment and Child Protection in Mamasa Regency. Asmany as 68 employees used a saturated sample so that 68 samples wereobtained. The questionnaire results have been tested for validity andreliability, as well as tested classical assumptions in the form of normalityassumptions and heteroscedasticity assumptions. Methods of data analysisusing multiple regression techniques. Based on the results of the analysis,it turns out that the research results prove that all hypotheses are acceptedbecause Organizational Culture and Work Motivation have a positive andsignificant effect partially and simultaneously on OrganizationalCommitment at the Department of Women's Empowerment and ChildProtection in the Mamasa Regency. It means that if employees canimprove their organizational culture and work motivation at work, theycan increase Organizational Commitment to the Office of Women'sEmpowerment and Child Protection in the Mamasa Regency.
Understanding Ethics in Building Workplace Culture: Gender-Based Perspective
Authors: Handayani Ening , Wahyudi  , Kurniawan Deden
Published: March 2023

This research aims to understand standards of conduct as part of ethics in shaping workplace culture. An exploratory research method is used in this study to analyse the survey result of workplace culture conducted biannually by an international organization in seven provinces in Indonesia. The same data are taken to compare Indonesia with the other seven ASEAN countries: Cambodia, Lao DPR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Thailand, and Vietnam to enrich the interpretation of the survey result. The research is to answer two research questions: to what extent standards of conduct as part of ethics influence the workplace culture using gender perspective lens and to find out the most crucial factors in cultivating a conducive working environment.
The Effect of Capital Adequacy and Earning Asset Quality on Profitability at PT. BPRS Harta Insan Karimah Makassar
Authors: Ardhana Muhammad Anugrah
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine and analyze the effects of capital adequacy and the quality of productive assets (KAP) on profitability. The object of this research is PT. BPRS Harta Insan Karimah Makassar, where researchers took data in the form of financial statements for the 2017–2019 period as a sample using the purposive sampling method. The data collection method in this research uses the literature study method and the documentation method. Normality, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity tests are used to analyze test requirements. The analytical method used is multiple regression analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) capital adequacy has a significant but not significant effect on profitability; (2) product asset quality (KAP) has a significant effect on profitability; and (3) capital adequacy and the quality of productive assets (KAP) together have a significant effect on profitability at PT. BPRS Harta Insan Karimah Makassar period 2017–2019.
The Influence of Work Discipline, Leadership Style, and Job Training on Employee Performance at the Makassar Sub-District Office
Authors: Amir Kasmuliadi , Rina  , Adi Yusram
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to analyze the effects of work discipline, leadership style, and job training on employee performance at the Makassar sub-district office. This research is a type of quantitative descriptive research with a simple correlation analysis approach and multiple linear regression to measure the relationship between variables. The choice of this method was based on the formulation of the problem. The research was carried out at the Makassar sub-district office in August-December 2021. The sample in this study consisted of 50 employees of the Makassar sub-district office, as well as all the employee population of the office. The data analysis technique used a simple linear regression analysis approach with the SPSS 25 program. The results showed that leadership style, work discipline, and training simultaneously had a significant influence on employee performance in Makassar City, Sub-District Makassar.
Financial Ratio Analysis of Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budgets on Financial Performance in Regional Governments
Authors: Sessu Andi , Imaduddin
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the regional financial performance of Makassar City in 2017-2019 seen from (1) Regional Financial Independence Ratio, (2) PAD Effectiveness Ratio, (3) Regional Financial Efficiency Ratio, (4) Growth Ratio, and (5) Ratio Shopping compatibility. This research is quantitative descriptive research conducted at the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Makassar City. Data collection uses the documentation method. The results of the analysis show that the Regional Financial Performance of Makassar City as seen from (1) the Regional Financial Independence Ratio is still relatively low, indicating that the level of regional dependence on assistance from the central government is still very high because the average ratio is 7.15%. (2) Effectiveness Ratio based on APBD classified as Ineffective, with an average effectiveness of 83.05%. (3) Regional Financial Efficiency Ratio is classified as efficient because the average size of this ratio is 98.83%. (4) The Growth Ratio of PAD, Revenue, and Operational Expenditure always increases year after year, with fluctuating Capital Expenditure Growth. (5) The Expenditure Harmony Ratio can be said that the Makassar City Government allocates most of its budget for regional operating expenditure, namely an average of 78.23% compared to the average capital expenditure of 21.65%.
Analysis of Regional Financial Capability in the Context of Regional Autonomy in Makassar City
Authors: Yulianadewi Ina , Johanis Andrew Ridow , Nurdiana
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the financial capacity of the region and the contribution of regional original revenue (PAD) to the regional revenue and expenditure budget (APBD) in supporting the implementation of regional autonomy in Makassar City. This research uses quantitative and qualitative research methods (mixed). The results showed that the financial capacity of the city of Makassar experienced a positive trend because it was in the more than adequate category by looking at the ratio of regional financial independence, which resulted in a total of 55.44%. The financial capacity of the city of Makassar from 2014 to 2016 experienced a positive tendency to increase with an average level of 16.43%, the effectiveness of PAD is 110.87%, the priority of expenditure allocation is still on routine spending, the growth of the PAD ratio, income and expenditure has fluctuated growth, and the remainder of the previous year’s budget calculation (SILPA) is decreasing every year. This indicates that the capacity and financial performance of the city of Makassar is quite optimal, so it is necessary to tighten the existing regulations.
Transformational Leadership’s Influence on Human Resource Performance via Organizational Climate and Commitment
Authors: Tovan  , Armawati  , Mutmainah  , Salma D
Published: March 2023

This study aims to examine the impact of transformational leadership on human resource performance through organizational climate and organizational commitment in the Morowali Regency Government, using a sample of 77 respondents and data collected through questionnaires and analyzed using PLS (Partial Least Square) software. The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant influence of transformational leadership on organizational climate and organizational commitment and that organizational climate has a significant influence on employee performance. At the same time, organizational commitment had no significant effect on employee performance in the Morowali Regency Government.
The Influence of Customer Value Theory Attitude and Online Buy-ing Behavior During the Covid-19 Pandemic in Indonesia
Authors: Ihsan Rafi Mohammad , Kurniawati Kurniawati
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the influence of Customer Value Theory on Attitude and Online Buying Behavior as dependent variables during the Covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. The collection method in this study was by non-probability sampling method and a purposive sampling technique. The data used in this study is quantitative data obtained from a questionnaire with a total of 189 respondents. With a 5-point Likert Scale it ranges from 1 (Strongly Disagree) to 5 (Strongly Agree). The results of the study revealed that there is a positive relationship between Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Perceived Enjoyment, Convenience, Wider Selection, Price, Health Aspect to Attitude, and Shopping Intentions to Online Buying Behavior.  Managerial implications in this study can provide advice to online shops about changing consumers' purchasing behavior, in this case, online shops must create a good and good website so that the web is informative and easy to understand by consumers. In addition, online shops must also maintain product quality so that they are always available, online shops must also give a good impression, one of which is by offering discounts and gifts so that consumers are interested in shopping online.
The Influence of Transformational Leadership Style on Village Apparatus Performance Through Work Motivation in East Halmahera Regency
Authors: Abdi Mohamad Rian Pratama , Rajak Adnan , Jannang Abdul Rahman
Published: March 2023

This study aims to analyze the effect of a transformational leadership style on the performance of village officials through work motivation in East Halmahera Regency. The type of research used in this research is quantitative research. The sample selected was comprised of 90 village officials using a purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire and then analyzed using path analysis with the help of SPSS Version 26. The results of this study found that        1) Transformational leadership had a positive and significant impact on village officials' performance, 2) Transformational leadership had a significant and positive impact on work motivation, 3) Work motivation has a positive and significant impact on the Village Apparatus' performance, and 4) Indirectly, transformational leadership has a positive and significant effect on the performance of the Village Apparatus through work motivation in East Halmahera Regency.
Effect of Liquidity and Solvency on Profitability of Banking Companies in Indonesia
Authors: Hariatih Hariatih , Aziz Indrawan
Published: March 2023

This study aims to determine the effect of liquidity and solvency on profitability as one of the company's main objectives. The population in this study was 36 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2014-2018. This research was conducted using secondary data from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). Sample selection was made using the purposive sampling technique. Of the 36 banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, ten have had a positive profitability trend in the last four years. The type of data used in this research is quantitative data. The data was obtained from the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange, namely www.idx.co.id, in the form of quarterly financial reports (March 2014-September 2018). Go public, commercial banks. The data collection technique used in this research is the method of documentation analysis or literature study. The results obtained are 1) Liquidity variable (LDR) has a positive and significant effect on the profitability (ROE) of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. 2) Solvency variable (DER) has no (negative) and no significant effect on the profitability (ROE) of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. 3) Liquidity (LDR) and Solvency (DER) variables have a significant positive effect on the profitability (ROE) of banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.
The Effect of CSR, Intellectual Capital and GCG on Company Value with Financial Performance as a Moderating Variable in Food & Beverage Industry Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX)
Authors: Harahap Andi Tenri , Andi Ratna Sari Dewi
Published: March 2023

This study aims to examine the effect of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Intellectual Capital and Good Corporate Governance (GCG) on company value with financial performance as a moderating variable in food and beverage industry companies listed on the IDX. This research is quantitative research, using secondary data obtained from the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The total population in this study is 54 companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2017 -2019. There are 11 companies that meet the criteria to be sampled in this company. The analysis technique used in this research is Descriptive Statistics test, Classical Assumption test, Multiple Linear Regression analysis, Hypothesis testing and MRA. The results of this study indicate that the CSR and Intellectual Capital variables have no significant effect on firm value, Good Corporate Governance and Financial Performance have a positive and significant effect on firm value. Indirectly, financial performance has succeeded in strengthening the relationship between CSR and Intellectual Capital on company value, while financial performance has not been able to moderate the relationship between Good Corporate Governance and company value.
The Influence of Tenure of Service Rewards, Job Satisfaction, and Work Environment on the Performance of Regional Inspectorate Employees in Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province
Authors: Kristanto Acep , Nurdin Latif  , Yusram Adi
Published: March 2023

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the effect of long service rewards, job satisfaction, and work environment on the performance of the employees of the Regional Inspectorate of Kolaka Regency, Southeast Sulawesi Province. In this study, the design used was a descriptive design that also examined the relationship between variables (causal design), which is useful to measure the relationship between research variables or to analyze the influence of a variable on other variables. In this study, data were collected ex post facto; in other words, the researcher relied on the respondents' perceptions to explain their experiences and then analyzed them according to a descriptive and causal design. The data collection technique in this study used the survey method, using a closed questionnaire as a tool. The sample for this research involved all employees—as many as 63 people. The results of the study show that long service awards, job satisfaction, and work environment will affect employee performance at the Regional Inspectorate, Kolaka Regency.
The Effect of Attitude and Trust on Behavioral Intention In The Modern Market Industry
Authors: Arfansyah Hafiz Jodith , Marsasi Endy Gunanto
Published: March 2023

This research gap is the relationship between trust and behavioral intention. Trust will be an element of novelty in this study that affects behavioral intention. This research is based on the Theory of Reasoned Action, which explains attitudes, which are influenced by subjective norms and determine behavior. This research aims to assess the effect of the relationship between hypotheses in the modern market industry, especially minimarkets. It used the structural equation modeling (SEM) method to distribute samples from a total of 245 respondents in the questionnaire. The testing was done using the IBM SPSS 25 program and SEM-AMOS 24 software. The results of this study indicate the rejection of one hypothesis that connects the influence of Smart Shopper Self Perception on behavioral intention in customers in the modern market industry, namely minimarkets.
Öffentliches Wirtschaftsrecht
Authors: Knauff Matthias
Published: March 2023

Das Öffentliche Wirtschaftsrecht ist als ein zentraler Teilbereich des Öffentlichen Rechts von erheblicher Relevanz in Ausbildung und Praxis. Das Lehrbuch behandelt die unions- und verfassungsrechtlichen Grundlagen, stellt die hoheitliche Marktaufsicht und -ordnung durch das Gewerbe-, Kartell- und Regulierungsrecht dar und nimmt schließlich den Staat als Marktakteur in den Blick. Die Bezüge zwischen deutschem und EU-Recht werden dabei durchgängig berücksichtigt. Zahlreiche Beispiele erleichtern das Verständnis und illustrieren die praktische Dimension der angesprochenen Rechtsfragen. Vertiefende Hinweise ermöglichen dem Leser eine weitergehende Auseinandersetzung. Die 3. Auflage wurde durchgehend aktualisiert.
Um der türkischen Sprache willen
Authors: Scherberger Max Gustav
Published: March 2023

This study analyses one of the major works of Kemalist language reform (Türk Dili için). It offers a key to understanding the purism that characterised Turkish language policy in the 1930s and 1940s and had a lasting impact on the modern Turkish language. It is written by the Tatar-Turkish intellectual Sadri Maksudi Arsal (d. 1957), who was one of the pioneers of modern Turkey, not only in the field of language, but also in the fields of history and law. This study examines the language, content, intellectual and historical background and impact of the work in the then nascent Turkish Republic.
Characteristics of engaging teaching videos in higher education: a systematic literature review of teachers’ behaviours and movements in video conferencing
Authors: Verma Navdeep , Getenet Seyum , Dann Christopher , Shaik Thanveer
Published: March 2023

Online learning is in high demand due to benefits such as convenience, flexibility, cost efficiency, and improved accessibility. In online learning, video conferencing is an effective technology for collaboration and increasing online student engagement. This study is part of a larger study conducted using design-based research (DBR) to develop a video annotation tool using artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies such as machine learning and deep learning. This systematic literature review is the foundation of the process which identifies the characteristics and indicators of engaging teaching videos. The studies included in this systematic literature review have been gathered from seven databases and selected by applying inclusion/exclusion criteria in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews. From the selected studies, we identified, categorised, and explained the characteristics and indicators of engaging teaching videos based on teachers’ behaviours and movements. In this study, we identified 11 characteristics and 47 associated indicators of the characteristics critical in enhancing student engagement. Teachers and higher education institutions can use these characteristics and indicators as a benchmark to improve the quality of engaging teaching videos and later improve teaching and learning. In the final stage of DBR, the identified indicators can be used to train a machine learning tool, a form of AI. This tool can provide a report on engaging teaching videos by highlighting the teachers’ behaviours and movements.
ALİ ŞÎR NEVÂYÎ’NİN TÜRKÇE DİVANLARINDA SABIR
Authors: SAYGIN Muhterem
Published: March 2023

Toplum içinde yaşayan bireylerin bazı güzel hasletlere sahip olması beklenir. Yardımseverlik, duygudaşlık, hoşgörü, sağduyu, sabır gibi değerler; toplumun birliği ve huzuru açısından son derece önemlidir. Modern yaşamla birlikte bireylerin sürekli bir yerlere yetişme kaygısı taşıması, hak ve hukuk konusunda güven ve saygının kaybolması, bencillik ve duyarsızlık gibi durumlar insanların birbirlerine karşı tahammülünü azaltmıştır. Neticede sabırsızlık, toplum hayatında karşılaşılan en önemli sorunlardan biri hâline gelmiştir.

Klasik Türk edebiyatına göre âşık, aşk konusunda pek çok sıkıntıya katlanmak durumundadır. Bu sebeple âşığın sahip olması beklenen hususiyetlerden birisi, sabırdır.

Türk edebiyatının seçkin şahsiyetlerinden Ali Şîr Nevâyî; Garâibü’s-Sıgar, Nevâdirü’ş-Şebâb, Bedâyi’u’l-Vasat, Fevâyidü’l-Kiber adlı divanlarında sabır kavramına yer vermiş, sabrı farklı hayal ve tasavvurlar içinde ele almıştır. Bu çalışmada öncelikle sabır kavramı açıklanmakta; kültürümüzde, söz varlığımızda, Kur’an-ı Kerîm’de, hadislerde, tasavvuf geleneğinde ve klasik Türk edebiyatında sabrın anlamsal çerçevesi çizilmektedir. Ardından Ali Şîr Nevâyî’nin Türkçe divanlarında sabır ile ilgili oluşturulan teşbih, hayal ve tasavvurlar tasnif edilmekte, elde edilen veriler tablo ve grafiklerle desteklenerek açıklanmakta, ortaya çıkan sonuçlar değerlendirilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı şairin Türkçe divanları örnekleminde günlük yaşantımızda her gün daha fazla ihtiyaç duyduğumuz sabrın Ali Şîr Nevâyî’nin algı ve hayal dünyasındaki yerini ortaya koymaktır. Sanatkâr, yaşadığı çağın zihniyetinden ayrı düşünülemez. Bu dikkatle çalışmanın bir diğer hedefi de Ali Şîr Nevâyî’nin içinde yaşadığı toplumun zihniyetinde sabrın taşıdığı değer hakkında günümüz insanının fikir sahibi olmasını sağlamaktır.
AHMEDÎ’NİN “İSKENDERNÂME”SİNDE EDEBÎ SAVAŞ TASVİRLERİ
Authors: UĞUR Ahmet
Published: March 2023

Ahmedî’nin İskendernâme isimli eseri her ne kadar Makedonyalı Büyük İskender’in efsanevî hayatı hakkında bilgiler içeren ansiklopedik bir eser olsa da Firdevsî ve Nizâmî’nin eseri örnek alınarak Türk bir şair tarafından kaleme alınmış bir eserdir. Dolayısıyla içerisinde Türk’e ait üslup özelliklerini barındırmaktadır.

İskendernâme’deki edebî savaş tasvirlerinin incelendiği bu çalışmada, genel olarak savaş/harp edebiyatı hakkında bilgiler verildikten sonra savaş sebepleri, bir savaşçıda bulunması gereken özellikler, savaş öncesi hazırlıkla ilgili tasvirler, savaş esnası hakkında yapılan tasvirler ve savaş sonrası tasvirler üzerinde durulmuştur. Eserde savaş meydanı, savaşılan halklar, savaş teçhizatı ve ganimetler gibi çeşitli konularda bilgiler bulunmaktadır. Bu sebeple eser, savaş/harp edebiyatı ürünü olarak değerlendirilmiştir.

Savaş sebepleri ve savaş tasvirleri eserden seçilen çeşitli beyitler vasıtasıyla açıklanmıştır. Tabii ki eserdeki savaş sebepleri bu yazıdakilerle sınırlı değildir. Burada eserde sıklıkla yer alan sebeplere ve tasvirlere yer verilmiştir. Yine aynı biçimde bir savaşçıda bulunması gereken özellikler de beyitlerde yer alan bilgilerden elde edilmiştir. Savaş tasvirlerinin ele alındığı kısımda ise şairin kelime seçimleri ve tasvirleri incelenmiş, beyitler gerekli görüldüğü yerlerde açıklanmıştır.

Bu çalışma ile bir savaş/harp edebiyatı ürünü olarak değerlendirilen İskendernâme’deki savaş sahnelerinin anlatımında şairin anlatım biçimi ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Şair, savaş öncesi tasvirler, savaş esnası hakkında tasvirler ve savaş sonrasındaki tasvirlerin anlatımında farklı bir yol izlediği için konu ayrı başlıklar altında izah edilmiştir.
Bau Anyir yang Terpinggir:Aceh di Masa Darurat Militer Dalam Perspektif HAM
Authors: Billah M.M.
Published: March 2023

Artikel  ini membahas konflik  Aceh  sebagai sebuah peristiwa pelanggaran HAM dan upaya yang dilakukan negara atas peristiwa tersebut.  Bagian awal   membahas  sejarah pergolakan di  Aceh, termasuk situasi Darurat Militer   I dan Darurat Militer  II sebagaibagian pergolakan panjang tersebut.  Pada bagian ini  juga   dijelaskan akar masalah, kekerasan yang  terjadi, dan dampak yang  ditimbulkan akibat konflik tersebut baik dampak sosiologis, politis, maupun ekonomi. Selain  itu, artikel ini menjelaskan aktor – aktor yang terlibat dalam pergolakan, termasuk pengaruhnya pada kondisi yang  terjadi. Pada bagian berikutnya, artikel ini membahas secara substansial-material peristiwa yang  terjadi pada masa Darurat Militer  I dan II yang  melanggar kaidah – kaidah HAM, khususnya prinsip martabat manusia. Namun identifikasi tindak pelanggaran  HAM – salah satunya berlandaskan pada Laporan Komnas HAM – tersebut masih sulit  dibuktikan sebagai bentuk pelanggaran HAM dalam sistem peradilan yang  berlaku di  Indonesia. Sejak penandatanganan Nota Kesepahaman  antara Pemerintah Indonesia dengan Gerakan Aceh Merdeka (GAM) yang  dikenal dengan MoU Helsinki,  tidak  terjadi upaya untuk membawa kasus pelanggaran HAM yang terjadi pada masa Darurat Militer  I dan II itu ke dalam langkah - langkah penyelidikan yang  lebih  konkrit oleh negara.
Syariat Islam dan Implikasi Penerapannya Terhadap Perempuan di Aceh
Authors: Ismail Nurjannah
Published: March 2023

Syariat Islam  sejak semula telah memberikan hak  dan peran kepada kaum perempuan di wilayah domestik maupun wilayah publik. Dalam artikel  ini, penulis menyatakan sesungguhnya semangat dan pesan moral  yang   dikandung  syariat  Islam   adalah  persamaan  derajat antara laki-laki dan perempuan dan berusaha menegakkan keadilan jender di masyarakat. Lebih lanjut penulis berpendapat walaupun pesan universal syariat Islam adalah keadilan jender, banyak penafsir yang memahami teks-teks syariat yang  terdapat dalam Alquran dan hadits -- hanya secara tekstual, parsial dan dilepaskan dari  konteks turunnya, sehingga menghasilkan interpretasi  yang bias   jender dan melahirkan aturan  dan doktrin ketidakadilan jender. Hasil interpretasi seperti inilah  kemudian yang  banyak dipahami dan dipraktikkan di masyarakat Islam  sehingga menimbulkan diskriminasi terhadap perempuan termasuk masyarakat perempuan di Aceh, khususnya pada masa sekarang ini. Artikel  ini juga  mengelaborasi lebih  lanjut penyebab  diskriminasi terhadap perempuan di Aceh yang masih terjadi hingga kini.  Penulis berpendapat adalah ironi  ketika syariat Islam  di era reformasi diterapkan di bumi Serambi Mekah, kedudukan perempuan di Aceh  tidak  semulia, bermartabat dan tinggi  seperti pada masa lalu. Dalam analisisnya penulis menekankan penegakan syariat Islam memang harus didahului dengan pendidikan masyarakat yang  memadai serta pemerataan kesejahteraan dan ekonomi yang berkeadilan.
Pemilu:Pemaknaan Demokrasi dari Aceh
Authors: Abdullah Otto Nur , Salim Rima
Published: March 2023

Kompetisi dalam setiap pemilihan umum sering dimaknai oleh para pihak sesuai dengan kebutuhan politik yang  mereka targetkan; dan sekaligus ditentukan oleh konteks dan karakter sosial masyarakatnya. Pemilu 2004,  2009  dan 2014  memiliki konteksnya  masing-masing untuk Aceh.  Konteks yang  dimaksud adalah konteks dalam periode konflik, pasca konflik   dan pada masa perawatan perdamaian. Dalam ketiga periode itu terlihat bahwa sikap  politik pun berubah sejalan dengan perubahan konteks dan kepentingan.
Jaminan Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia
Authors: Rahmat Imdadun
Published: March 2023

Setiap   orang   memiliki kebebasan   dan   kemerdekaan   untuk mengamalkan agama dan kepercayaannya. Hak  ini dijamin oleh instrumen Hak Asasi Manusia. Tidak ada seorangpun yang  boleh dipaksa untuk memilih agama. Tidak ada yang berhak mengurangi, membatasi atau menghilangkan hak  seseorang untuk memeluk agamanya. Karena hak  beragama dan berkeyakinan adalah non-derogable right, suatu hak  yang  tidak  bisa  dikurangi dalam keadaan apapun dan oleh siapapun. Penulis, yang  merupakan Special  Rapporteur Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan  Komnas HAM, menekankan bahwa Konstitusi dan Undang- Undang yang  berlaku di Indonesia memberi jaminan bahwa memilih, memeluk, mengimani dan menjalankan ibadat suatu agama dan kepercayaan adalah hak  bagi setiap individu.Secara jelas,  Penulis menjabarkan  hak  atas kebebasan beragama dan berkeyakinan yang  dapat  dipilah kedalam kategori: forum internum (privat freedom) dan forum externum (public freedom), kewajiban negara terkait forum internum dan forum externum serta bentuk dan jenis  pelanggarannya yang terjadi di Indonesia.Penulis melengkapi artikel ini dengan data-data terkini dan komprehensif terkait pelanggaran atas Hak  atas Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan di Indonesia, yang  tidak  saja  dihasilkan oleh Komnas HAM, namun juga  oleh lembaga masyarakat Sipil yang  menaruh perhatian khusus pada isu ini.Tulisan  ini ditutup dengan rekomendasi yang  patut dijadikan pertimbangan bagi  Pemerintah baik  pihak eksekutif maupun  legislatif dan terutama Kepolisian Republik Indonesia dalam menjalankan kewajibannya terkait pemenuhan dan perlindungan Hak  atas Kebebasan Beragama dan Berkeyakinan bagi Warga Negara Indonesia.
Pernikahan Beda Agama dan Jaminan Kebebasan Beragama di Indonesia
Authors: Nurcholish Ahmad
Published: March 2023

Tulisan ini  mengatakan pernikahan beda agama merupakan fakta sosial yang  tak  terbantahkan di negeri Indonesia yang  plural. Tapi fakta tersebut  menjadi problem tersendiri bagi  pelakunya karena status pernikahan mereka sering tidak  dicatat atau tidak  mendapat pengakuan dari  negara. Di Indonesia pengakuan pernikahan dilakukan oleh Kantor Urusan Agama (KUA) yang  berfungsi mencatat perkawinan pasangan yang  sama-sama beragama Islam.  Sedangkan dan Dinas  Kependudukan dan Catatan Sipil (DKCS) berfungsi mencatatkan perkawinan kalangan yang bukan beragama Islam, seperti Kristen, Katolik, Hindu dan Buddha serta Khonghucu. Sementara agama yang   di  luar   itu,  dianggap tidak   berhak mengesahkan lembaga perkawinan. Padahal, sebetulnya, sesuai dengan aturan tentang civil registration PBB, pencatatan merupakan kewajiban negara untuk menjamin terpenuhinya hak-hak sipil warga atau citizen.Asumsi-asumsi tentang  agama  resmi dan  yang   tidak   resmi sudah seharusnya ditinggalkan. Karena ternyata merugikan kehidupan berbangsa dan bernegara dalam masyarakat bangsa yang  majemuk dan bhinneka ini. Perlu dilakukan revisi  terhadap sejumlah peraturan atau undang-undang, antara lain  UU  Perkawinan Tahun 1974,   agar segala bentuk diskriminasi atas dasar etnis, ras,  budaya dan agama, terutama pencatatan perkawinan bagi  pemeluk agama dan keyakinan tidak  terjadi lagi. Di level  praktik, perlu dilakukan penyuluhan  kepada  pegawai-pegawai KUA dan DKCS tentang kesadaran pentingnya pencatatan nikah beda agama sebagai hak-hak asasi manusia.
Potret Pers dan Media di Papua: Belum Hadir Memenuhi Hak Atas Informasi
Authors: Prasetyo Yosep Adi
Published: March 2023

Artikel ini membahas belum terpenuhinya hak atas informasi di Papua. Kondisi  tersebut  dipaparkan  diawali  dengan  penjelasan  tentang  realitas sosial masyarakat di Papua, khususnya terkait kekerasan yang terjadi baik secara sosial, politik dan juga ekonomi. Kemudian artikel ini memaparkan adanya reformasi lokal yang memiliki beberapa catatan kegagalan dan keberhasilannya sendiri. Bagian berikutnya memaparkan kondisi geografis Papua dan kendala yang dihadapi Media di Papua berdasarkan  kondisi geografis tersebut. Ketiga subtema itu dipaparkan sebagai pengantar bagi kondisi media dan pers di Papua. Pada bagian selanjutnya sejarah pers di Papua sebelum era reformasi, dilanjutkan dengan pers pada saat era reformasi juga  dijelaskan.  Problematika  Pers  di  Papua  dipaparkan  pada bagian ini termasuk ancaman bagi pers itu sendiri. Setidaknya terdapat dua ancaman yang nyata bagi kondisi pers dan media di Papua. Ancaman Eksternal dan ancaman hukum. Artikel ini juga memaparkan situasi bisnis pers yang setidaknya berkorelasi dengan isi Media di Papua yang memprihatinkan. Hal lain yang juga digambarkan dalam artikel ini adalah tantangan yang dihadapi oleh media dan pers di Papua, yaitu potensi konflik yang timbul dimasyarakat dan sulitnya membuat berita.   Kondisi lainnya yang juga terjadi adalah pembatasan akses bagi wartawan luar negeri yang juga terjadi. Tantangan – tantangan tersebut mengakibatkan media dan pers di Papua sulit bergerak dan menjalankan perannya sebagai the forth estate, lebih jauh lagi, kondisi tersebut menyebabkan hak atas informasi semakin sulit  terpenuhi    di  Papua.  Pada  akhirnya  menutup  kebebasan  pers  dan akses terhadap informasi di Papua, semakin membuat situasi Papua tidak kondusif  dan  menghambat  upaya  mengurangi  kekerasan  yang  terjadi disana.
HAM dan Pemerintah Daerah: Ikhtiar Membumikan HAM di Level Lokal
Authors: Mulyana Asep
Published: March 2023

Wacana tentang pemerintah daerah  dan  Hak Asasi Manusia (HAM) baru-baru    ini   menjadi    topik   penting    dalam   pertemuan-pertemuan HAM internasional. Wacana  itu  didorong   oleh  kebutuhan untuk mengimplementasikan norma dan standar HAM ke dalam praktik langsung di  tingkat  lokal.  HAM yang  sudah  diakui  secara  internasional  memiliki persoalan  di tingkat  pelaksanaan.  Pelanggaran  HAM kerap terjadi di level lokal. Memutus mata rantai pelanggaran HAM dipandang akan lebih efektif jika pada  level lokal dibangun kapasitas  pemerintah dalam  menunaikan kewajiban HAM. Penghormatan, pemenuhan, dan perlindungan HAM akan lebih terasa  dampaknya  bagi masyarakat, terutama kelompok  rentan  jika otoritas di level lokal didorong untuk memiliki kesadaran HAM dan, dengan itu, mampu  menyusun  pilihan-pilihan kebijakan dan membangun praktik- praktik terbaik bagi perwujudan penikmatan HAM di tingkat lokal. Program Kota HAM adalah  salah  satu  upaya  yang  diarahkan  untuk  membangun kapasitas pemerintah daerah dalam penegakan HAM. Program ini juga harus melibatkan  sejauh  mungkin  partisipasi  dan  kapasitas  politik masyarakat, sehingga Program Kota HAM menjadi milik dan dipelihara oleh publik.
Sekolah Ramah HAM:Tawaran Solusi Meredam Pelanggaran HAM di Sekolah
Authors: Widodo Rusman
Published: March 2023

Pelanggaran  HAM di sekolah dalam beragam  bentuk  telah menjadi keprihatinan  nasional karena kasusnya dari tahun ke tahun cenderung meningkat  jumlahnya, lebih beragam  bentuk perbuatannya, lebih beragam pelaku,  lebih  beragam   korban  serta  modus  operandinya.   Persoalan  ini telah  menimbulkan gejolak sosial dan  hukum  di masyarakat  yang serius, menimbulkan kekhawatiran  bagi  para  orang  tua, dan  hilangnya  suasana kondusif di sekolah (aman, nyaman dan menyenangkan). Bila terus dibiarkan persoalan   pelanggaran  HAM di  sekolah   bisa   menimbulkan  dampak terhambatnya pencapaian tujuan pendidikan  nasional, terhambatnya program revolusi mental, serta hancurnya masa depan bangsa.Beragam upaya telah dilakukan oleh sejumlah kementerian/lembaga pemerintah dan masyarakat untuk memutus, menghilangkan atau menghapus mata  rantai  pelanggaran HAM di sekolah. Tapi upaya-upaya tersebut belum bisa berjalan optimal karena konsep yang mereka tawarkan cenderung sektoral, tematik, tidak terintegratif, tidak partisipatif dan tidak berkelanjutan.Sekolah   Ramah  HAM (SRH) merupakan    pendekatan  baru   dan berbeda untuk  menyelesaikan    beragam   pelanggaran HAM di  sekolah. Sekolah Ramah HAM (Human Rights Friendly School) adalah sebuah  sekolah yang mengintegrasikan nilai-nilai HAM sebagai  prinsip-prinsip  inti dalam organisasi  dan  pengelolaan  sekolah,  di  mana   nilai  atau   prinsip  HAM menjadi  pusat  atau  ruh dari proses  pembelajaran dan  pengalaman serta hadir di semua sisi kehidupan  sekolah tersebut. Pendekatan konsep SRH ini diharapkan  mampu  menyelesaikan persoalan  pelanggaran HAM di sekolah yang kompleks dan multi dimensi.
Pendidikan Perdamaian dalam Kerangka Sekolah Ramah HAM
Authors: Widaningtyas Adoniati Meyria
Published: March 2023

Sekolah sebagai mini society yang multidimensi karena berkumpul orang-orang dari latar belakang sosial, ekonomi, agama, dan bahkan budaya yang berbeda. Perbedaan terkadang menimbulkan konflik antar peserta didik, mulai dari senda gurau hingga mengarah pada bullying, perkelahian, tawuran bahkan kekerasan. Tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa kebutuhan akan suasana dan lingkungan yang damai tidak hanya ada di daerah-daerah konflik tetapi juga di daerah-daerah tanpa konflik bahkan di lingkungan pendidikan, lingkungan di mana harusnya konflik apalagi dengan kekerasan tidak terjadi. Tulisan ini hendak memberikan perspektif lain dalam penanganan konflik dan berbagai tindakan seperti bullying, diskriminasi, intoleransi, tawuran dan juga kekerasan yang terjadi di sekolah dengan mengedepankan aspek pencegahan. Salah satu bentuk pencegahan adalah dengan mengembangkan budaya damai (peace culture) di sekolah melalui pendidikan perdamaian (peace education) dan pendidikan HAM (human rights education) yang bertujuan membangun pemahaman dan kesadaran siswa dan seluruh unsur komunitas sekolah tentang perbedaan yang menyatukan (unity by diversity), nilai-nilai perdamaian (peace values), nilai-nilai HAM (human rights value) dan multikulturalisme. Sekolah Ramah HAM menjadi sebuah wadah bagi pengembangan budaya damai yang menerapkan nilai-nilai hak asasi manusia. Budaya sekolah sebagai area kunci keempat dari Sekolah Ramah HAM turut pula menjadi komponen utama pendidikan perdamaian. Pendidikan perdamaian yang diajarkan di sekolah diharapkan akan menghadirkan perilaku damai dengan menghargai hak asasi orang lain, sehingga akan membentuk kultur damai yang menjunjung tinggi hak asasi dan martabat manusia.
Pendekatan HAM dalam Penyelesaian Konflik dengan Korporasi Pertambangan dan Migas
Authors: Suntoro Agus
Published: March 2023

Pengaduan masyarakat ke Komnas HAM RI dari waktu ke waktu terus mengalami peningkatan,  baik  dalam  aspek  kuantitas  dan  kualitas.  Jika  sebelumnya  aktor non – negara dalam hal ini korporasi tidak terlalu menonjol, justru dalam 5 (lima) tahun terakhir pengaduan terhadap dugaan pelanggaran HAM oleh sektor ini memiliki tren yang meningkat, baik dalam industri pertambangan, perkebunan, kehutanan, minyak dan gas. Dengan semakin menguatnya peran korporasi dan di sisi lain negara semakin sulit melakukan kontrol terhadap entitas ini, maka pendekatan HAM untuk memastikan perlindungan dan pemulihan terhadap masyarakat, khususnya yang terdampak menjadi relevan – tidak sekedar menuntut penghormatan korporasi terhadap peraturan perundang-undangan semata.
Inkorporasi Hak-Hak Fair Trial dalam Rancangan Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana
Authors: Abidin Zainal
Published: March 2023

Pemerintah saat ini sedang menyusun Rancangan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Acara Pidana (RUU KUHAP) sebagai pengganti UU No. 8 Tahun 1981 tentang Hukum Acara Pidana (KUHAP) dengan tujuan untuk pembaruan hukum acara pidana dan penghormatan hak asasi manusia. Namun, RUU KUHAP belum sepenuhnya dirumuskan sesuai dengan standar dan perkembangan norma-norma hak-hak fair trial dalam hukum HAM internasional dan hukum pidana internasional. Indonesia telah meratifikasi berbagai perjanjian HAM internasional, diantaranya ICCPR dan UNCAT,sehingga terikat untuk menyesuaikan dalam hukum nasionalnya hak-hak asasi yang dijamin dalam perjanjian-perjanjian HAM tersebut termasuk hak-hak fair trial. Dalam konteks ini, penting melakukan analisis mendalam dan memberikan rekomendasi terhadap RUU KUHAP untuk memastikan bahwa standar dan pengaturan hak-hak fair trial dalam ICCPR diakomodasi dalam RUU KUHAP sehingga hukum acara pidana Indonesia kedepan dapat compatible dengan standar hak-hak fair trial dalam hukum HAM internasional.