bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Numerical Studies of the Effect of Constitutive Model Parameters as Reflecting Polymer Molecular Structure on Extrudate Swell
Authors: Nithi-Uthai Nattapong , Manas-Zloczower Ica
Published: May 2019

PolyFlow, a software package based on the finite element method was employed to simulate the extrudate swell for polybutadiene of various molecular weight (Mw) and molecular weight distribution (MWD). We calculated the relaxation spectra for the different samples and then inserted the spectra into a standard K-BKZ constitutive model used in the numerical simulations. Accurate predictions of MWD confirm the completeness of frequency range in the oscillatory shear experimental data. In turn, the wholeness of relaxation spectra as substantiated by MWD predictions, sustain the level of confidence when using constitutive models based on these spectra. We demonstrate the importance of using the full range of relaxation spectrum rather than a short range around typical shear rates for the accuracy of the numerical predictions. We found extrudate swell ratio (ESR) to be strongly dependent on MWD and stress conditions at the die exit.
Optimization of the asymmetric synthesis of (S)-1-phenylethanol using Ispir bean as whole-cell biocatalyst
Authors: Atak Gunay Baydar , Bayraktar Emine , Mehmetoglu Ülkü
Published: May 2019

In this study, enantiomerically pure (S)-1-phenylethanol was produced via asymmetric bioreduction of acetophenone. Ispir bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) was used as an alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) source since whole cells are cheaper than isolated enzymes. Acetone powder methodology was applied for biocatalyst. Glucose was used as a cosubstrate in-order to regenerate cofactor (NADPH). The reactions were carried out in an orbital shaker whose temperature and agitation rate can be controlled. (S)-1-phenylethanol concentration was analyzed by HPLC using a Chiralcel OB column. Effects of the reaction time, substrate concentration, cosubstrate concentration and biocatalyst concentration on the (S)-1-phenylethanol production were investigated using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). 36 h bioreduction time, 6 mM acetophenone concentration, 25.15 mM glucose concentration, and 175 mg/mL biocatalyst concentration were determined as optimum values. In these conditions, 2.4 mM (S)-1-phenylethanol was obtained in phosphate buffer (pH=7.0) at 30°C with >99% enantiomeric excess.
Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Juglans regia leaf extract and assessment of their physico-chemical and biological properties
Authors: Asemani Marjan , Anarjan Navideh
Published: May 2019

Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were green synthesized using walnut leaf extract. Effects of three synthesis parameters namely; amount copper salt (1-4 g), amount of walnut leaf extract (10-40 mL) and furnace temperature (300-500°C), on the particle size as manifested in broad absorption peak (λmax, nm), concentration (absorbance), antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity as minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the fabricated CuO NPs were studied using response surface methodology, based on Box behnken experimental design. The spherical and crystalline monodispersed fabricated CuO NPs with mean particle size of 80 nm, were achieved using optimum synthesis parameters including 1 g copper salt, 14 mL walnut leaf extract and 490°C of furnace temperature. The fabricated CuO NPs at these conditions had maximum antioxidant activity of 83.64% and minimum MIC value of 1.78% w/v againstE. coli, with λmaxand absorbance values of 226 nm, 4.44% a.u., respectively.
The metabolic consequences of overweight in a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes
Authors: Sevaliev Natalia , Strich David , Avnon-Ziv Carmit , Levy-Khademi Floris
Published: May 2019

Objective

To estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among a cohort of children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and its metabolic consequences.

Methods

This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the Pediatric Diabetic Clinic at Shaare Zedek Medical Center and Clalit Health Care Services. Background information was taken from the patients’ files. Anthropometric measures, blood pressure, waist and hip circumference (WC and HC), hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid profile were recorded. The prevalence of metabolic derangements was compared between normal and overweight children.

Results

The study included 96 patients with type 1 diabetes, mean age 14.1 ± 3.7 years, mean diabetes duration 3.9 ± 3 and mean HbA1c level 8.1 ± 1.4% (65 mmol/mol). Thirty-seven percent of the study population were overweight and of them 11.5% were obese. In the overweight group, the high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels were significantly lower and systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) values were higher compared with normal weight participants. Multivariate analysis showed that BMI and age at study affected SBP and HDL levels, while age at study and HbA1c levels affected DBP. Female patients were significantly overweight compared to males and had higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and cholesterol levels. Waist-to-hip ratio, an indicator of central obesity, was abnormally high among overweight males and females.

Conclusions

In our cohort of children with type 1 diabetes, there were a significant number of overweight children, with a higher prevalence in females. Components of metabolic syndrome were more prevalent among overweight and obese diabetic individuals.
Effect of chemical additives on softness components of hygiene paper
Authors: Park Jung Yoon , Melani Lili , Lee Hyeonggyu , Kim Hyoung Jin
Published: May 2019

Chemical additives are used singly or in combination to impart functionality to hygiene paper (suggested). In particular, in the hygiene paper making process, dry strength agent, wet strength agent, softener, and other are widely used. The effects of chemical additives on the softness components were evaluated. In the case of surface softness, there was no change in MMD according to the addition of dry and wet strength agents. The MMD (mean deviation from the average friction of coefficient) was decreased by adding a softener, which is the purpose of its addition to the hygiene paper making process. The softness and wet strength were improved when the wet strength agent was added before the softener. In addition, lotion treatment was applied to the surface of tissue paper. The surface softness component of non-silicone-based lotion was similar or improved, which may overcome the problems of silicon-based lotion.
Theological Critiques of Natural Theology: A reply to Andrew Moore
Authors: Loke Andrew Ter Ern
Published: May 2019

In leading academic publications, Oxford theologian Andrew Moore has systematically developed new objections to natural theology based on Karl Barth’s methodological arguments, historical considerations as well as theological considerations related to Scriptural passages such as Romans 1:18 ff, the noetic effects of sin, whether natural theology leads to the God who has revealed himself in Christ, the work of the Holy Spirit, and attitudes such as humility and self-denial. I demonstrate the inadequacy of his methodological and historical arguments and show that the numerous Scriptural passages cited by Moore do not really support his objections, and that Moore neglects other passages (e. g. Acts 14:15–17, 17:22–31) which contradict his arguments. I defend the value of natural theology as the first of a two-step approach which (1) shows that there is a Creator God (2) shows that this God has revealed himself in Christ.
Enantioselective organocatalytic approaches to active pharmaceutical ingredients – selected industrial examples
Authors: Carlone Armando , Bernardi Luca
Published: May 2019

Catalysis is, often, the preferred approach to access chiral molecules in enantioenriched form both in academia and in industry; nowadays, organocatalysis is recognised as the third pillar in asymmetric catalysis, along with bio- and metal-catalysis. Despite enormous advancements in academic research, there is a common belief that organocatalysis is not developed enough to be applicable in industry. In this review, we describe a selection of industrial routes and their R&D process for the manufacture of active pharmaceutical ingredients, highlighting how asymmetric organocatalysis brings added value to an industrial process. The thorough study of the steps, driven by economic stimuli, developed and improved chemistry that was, otherwise, believed to not be applicable in an industrial setting. The knowledge discussed in the reviewed papers will be an invaluable resource for the whole research community.
Truncated rank correlation (TRC) as a robust measure of test-retest reliability in mass spectrometry data
Authors: Lim Johan , Yu Donghyeon , Kuo Hsun-chih , Choi Hyungwon , Walmsley Scott
Published: May 2019

In mass spectrometry (MS) experiments, more than thousands of peaks are detected in the space of mass-to-charge ratio and chromatographic retention time, each associated with an abundance measurement. However, a large proportion of the peaks consists of experimental noise and low abundance compounds are typically masked by noise peaks, compromising the quality of the data. In this paper, we propose a new measure of similarity between a pair of MS experiments, called truncated rank correlation (TRC). To provide a robust metric of similarity in noisy high-dimensional data, TRC uses truncated top ranks (or top m-ranks) for calculating correlation. A comprehensive numerical study suggests that TRC outperforms traditional sample correlation and Kendall’s τ. We apply TRC to measuring test-retest reliability of two MS experiments, including biological replicate analysis of the metabolome in HEK293 cells and metabolomic profiling of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) patients. An R package trc of the proposed TRC and related functions is available at https://sites.google.com/site/dhyeonyu/software.
Gemeinsame Europäische Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik – Quo Vadis?
Authors: Rudischhauser Wolfgang , Mayer Helena
Published: May 2019

Europas Sicherheit ist auf vielfältige Weise bedroht. Die internationale Ordnung geht verloren und Frieden und Sicherheit sind so bedroht wie schon lange nicht mehr. Vor allem durch das aggressivere außenpolitische Auftreten Russlands, das gewachsene Selbstverständnis und die verstärkte Machtprojektion Chinas nach außen, aber auch durch die zunehmend nach innen gerichtete Fokussierung der US-Regierung unter Präsident Donald Trump haben sich die Rahmenbedingungen für die Gemeinsame Europäische Sicherheitspolitik grundlegend verändert. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass auch durch Entwicklungen innerhalb Europas (BREXIT, Populismus, politische Spannungen zwischen Mitgliedsstaaten) die Basis für eine gemeinsame Sicherheitspolitik schrumpft. Neue oder wiederbelebte Instrumente wie die verstärkte strukturierte Zusammenarbeit im Rahmen der gemeinsamen Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik (GSVP) können hier einen Beitrag leisten, um in begrenztem Umfang Druck abzufedern. Die bestehenden Instrumente der GSVP müssen aber konsequent und rasch weiterentwickelt werden und die europäische Integration sollte auch auf dem Gebiet der Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik weiter vorangetrieben werden, etwa durch eine schrittweise Abschaffung des Einstimmigkeitsprinzips. Auch ein „Europäischer Sicherheitsrat“ könnte einen ersten Zwischenschritt darstellen. Die NATO wird aber noch auf lange Zeit von großer Bedeutung für Europas Sicherheit bleiben. Militärisch bleiben eine Europäische Armee und selbst eine Armee der Europäer noch in weiter Ferne. Sollten sich die USA tatsächlich von Europa abwenden, wird aber am Ende nur ein geeintes und starkes Europa mit einer gemeinsamen Verteidigungs- und Sicherheitspolitik die diesen Namen wirklich verdient, mit dem langfristigen Ziel einer europäischen Armee in der Lage sein, seine Sicherheit und Werte gemeinsam und dauerhaft selbst zu verteidigen.
The loss of case system in Ardeshen Laz and its morphosyntactic consequences
Authors: Öztürk Balkız
Published: May 2019

Pazar (Atina) and Ardeshen are the two western dialects of Laz spoken in Turkey. Pazar exhibits alternating case patterns for arguments depending on their semantic denotation, while Ardeshen has lost its morphological case system. Yet, both dialects make use of a rich verbal agreement system. This paper aims to investigate the impact of the absence of case morphology on Ardeshen with specific emphasis on subjecthood. We will argue that Pazar Laz, retaining differentiated case marking for the subjects, typologically constitutes a clear example of Initiation-language. Ardeshen, on the other hand, has lost some of the Initiation-language properties available in Pazar, which we will argue to be correlated with the loss of its morphological case system.
Book Review of Shaping Higher Education with Students: Ways to connect research and teaching
Authors: Willison John
Published: May 2019

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Correlation between Microstructural Features and Tensile Properties in Near-α Titanium Alloy IMI 834 Processed in the α + β Regime
Authors: Balasundar I. , Raghu T. , Kashyap B. P.
Published: May 2019

The mechanical properties of titanium alloys are highly sensitive to the morphology, topology, and dimensions of the α and β phases present in the material. An attempt has been made here to systematically evaluate the effect of heat treatment parameters, that is, solution treatment temperature and cooling rate, on the microstructure and room temperature tensile properties of a near-α titanium alloy IMI 834. Seven important microstructural features that affect the mechanical properties of a near-α titanium alloy IMI 834 processed in the α + β regime were quantified and used to establish a direct microstructure-mechanical property correlation with the aid of artificial neural network. The established neural network has been used to evaluate and understand the effect of each individual microstructural feature on the tensile property of the material. The results obtained are presented and discussed here.
The Experiences of Young Men, Their Families, and Their Coaches Following a Soccer and Vocational Training Intervention to Prevent HIV and Drug Abuse in South Africa
Authors: Swendeman Dallas , Bantjes Jason , Mindry Deborah , Stewart Jackie , Tomlinson Mark , Rotheram-Borus Mary Jane , Medich Melissa
Published: May 2019

Young men in South Africa are at high-risk for HIV, substance abuse, and gender-based violence. This article presents qualitative results from a pilot study testing soccer leagues and vocational training to engage young-adult township men to deliver preventive interventions, including rapid HIV and alcohol/drug testing, shifting attitudes toward gender-based violence, and promoting other prosocial behaviors. Three groups participated in focus groups and in-depth interviews on experiences with the program: (1) a subset of 15 participants, (2) 15 family members, and (3) five intervention coaches. Results suggest that participants first reduced substance use on tournament days and then gradually reduced to practice days and beyond. Families suggested that “keeping young men occupied” and encouragement of prosocial behaviors was critical to risk reduction and led to increased community respect for the men. Coaches noted that behavioral and attitudinal changes were incremental and slow. The use of incentives was problematic and more research is needed to understand how incentives can be used in interventions of this nature.
Characteristics of the Provider-Patient Encounter Associated With Awareness of and Willingness to Take PrEP Among Young Minority Urban Males in Baltimore City
Authors: Chandran Aruna , Marcell Arik V. , Sanders Renata Arrington , Perin Jamie , Page Kathleen R. , Loosier Penny S. , Dittus Patricia J. , Jennings Jacky M.
Published: May 2019

We aimed to identify provider encounter characteristics associated with awareness of and willingness to take PrEP among young urban minority males at higher risk for HIV acquisition. The 74 individuals included in this analysis from a cross-sectional survey of males aged 15–24 being seen at a Baltimore city clinic were those who identified as a man who had sex with men (MSM), reported injection drug use, were in a serodiscordant relationship, had a sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the past 6 months, or reported condomless sex with a partner with unknown HIV status. Topics of provider-initiated conversations associated with willingness to take PrEP included one's sexual behavior (OR 7.35, 95% CI [2.23, 24.26]), whether one had been hurt by a partner (OR 4.71, 95% CI [1.40, 15.87]), and risk reduction (OR 6.91, 95% CI [2.10, 22.81]). This study may yield new targets for provider-level interventions for increasing PrEP uptake.
Examining the Viability of Corporate Recycling Initiatives and Their Overall Environmental Impact: The Case of Nike Grind and the Reuse-A-Shoe Program
Authors: Curtis Alexander , Hansson Amanda
Published: May 2019

The Reuse-A-Shoe program and Nike Grind are sustainability initiatives run by Nike to improve their environmental performance through the recycling of worn out shoes and surplus manufacturing materials into various surface materials. However, the positive environmental benefits associated with recycling may be offset by the negative impacts caused by the extensive logistics associated with these programs. This case study provides an overview and breakdown of both Nike and its recycling programs. It addresses the positive and negative environmental impacts of these programs, such as reduced waste to landfill and increased greenhouse gas emissions from increased transportation. The analysis concludes that these programs have limited potential in achieving any significant positive environmental impact and that Nike should investigate alternative models focusing more on biodegradable materials or a closed-loop system where materials are upcycled rather than downcycled, and where both material use and greenhouse gas emissions are considered.
The New Mediascape and Contemporary American Food Culture
Authors: Bush Leigh Chavez
Published: May 2019

Together, food and media have long been a means by which people communicate, perform their identities, and express their values. This article focuses on how contemporary culinary work is influenced by the new mediascape, a channel of convergence through which we understand, enjoy, and participate in our food worlds. As new media proliferates and access to interactive and creative tools expands, content generation and ownership has transferred from the hands of a small population of professionals into the fast fingers of amateurs and expert producers across the globe—effectively transforming who mediates and how we mediate. Consumers now double as mediamakers; often called co-creators, or prosumers, these new forms of interactive mediation influence labor practices and professional identities across industries. In the food world, this transition has been spurred onward by food TV and chef celebrity changing the expectations we hold for our chefs and their restaurants. By drawing from the everyday experiences of people embedded within these food and media networks and integrating transdisciplinary theory, this article demonstrates a promising approach to understanding our food futures.
The opioid epidemic: How did we get here and where do we stand?
Authors: Smyth Michael , Doucet Robyn
Published: May 2019

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Severe Combined Immunodeficiency: A Review for Neonatal Clinicians
Authors: Michniacki Thomas F. , Seth Divya , Secord Elizabeth
Published: May 2019

The proper development and function of T cells is imperative in the creation of adequate cell-mediated and humoral immunity. Healthy term newborns have baseline immune immaturity, increasing their risk of infections, but significant immunologic consequences can occur, because of abnormal T-cell maturation. Combined immunodeficiencies can result, because B cells and natural killer cells rely on successful interactions with T cells to ensure their proper performance and survival. Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is the most noteworthy of these conditions, leading to considerable early morbidity and often death by the age of 1 year if left untreated. Newborn screening for SCID is effective and allows for early implementation of lifesaving supportive measures, including protective isolation, initiation of prophylactic antimicrobials, caution with blood product transfusions, and avoidance of live vaccinations. Once a definitive diagnosis of SCID has been established, treatment frequently involves bone marrow or stem cell transplantation; however, enzyme replacement and gene therapy are also becoming options in those with SCID due to adenosine deaminase deficiency and other forms of SCID. Neonatal clinicians should understand the screening and diagnostic approach to SCID along with the initial management approaches for these extremely high-risk patients.
Traits and land transformation change the fortunes of grasshopper generalists vs. specialists in a biodiversity hotspot
Authors: Adu-Acheampong S. , Samways M. J.
Published: May 2019

Understanding the link between species traits and how they use various elements in a heterogeneous agro-natural landscape is essential for conservation planning. Land-use and season affect the availability of resources for herbivorous insects such as grasshoppers. Also, the level at which these herbivores utilise these resources on the landscape depend on their traits. We focus here on the Cape Floristic Region biodiversity hotspot, which is rich in both endemic plants and narrow-range grasshoppers. We assessed dispersion patterns and abundance of the grasshopper species across the agro-natural mosaic, while specifically focusing on species traits and how they change over two seasons (spring and summer). We found that land-use and species traits played major roles in grasshopper spatial dispersion across the landscape, with season a highly significant variable. Not surprisingly, highly mobile, generalist feeders were abundant and widely dispersed across the landscape. Importantly however, this was especially the case in late season, when they could take advantage of high plant productivity in the vineyards. In contrast, low mobility, specialist feeders were limited to occupying only natural fynbos vegetation in both seasons. Generally, the highly mobile generalists benefitted in two ways: occupation of transformed areas, and receiving a population boost late season. This was not the case for the low-mobility specialists, which were doubly disadvantaged: not able to move far, and lacking their specific host plants in the transformed areas. From a conservation perspective, our results indicate the importance of improving functional connectivity using natural fynbos for conservation of the endemic specialists, while the generalists can largely look after themselves across this agro-natural mosaic.
Range of Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) in conditions of global climate change
Authors: Avtaeva T. A. , Sukhodolskaya R. A. , Skripchinsky A. V. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: May 2019

Using geodata technology, we conducted a bioclimatic modeling of the spatial distribution of the common palearctic ground beetle – Pterostichus oblongopunctatus (Fabricius, 1787). The range of comfort of the territories included in this species’ range was obtained. We used the data on 510 sampling points, obtained as a result of the authors’ field surveys and the data base of the GBIF global fund of biodiversity and 19 climatic parameters from the WorldClim open base and MaxEnt program. The results determined the factors which have the greatest impact on the current distribution of P. oblongopunctatus. The main climatic factors affecting the distribution of P. oblongopunctatus are average annual temperature, average 24-hour amplitude of temperature over each month, average temperature over the driest quarter, average temperature over the warmest quarter of the year, total of precipitations in the driest month of the year. We performed a prediction of possible change in the range by two scenarios (RCP 2.6 and RCP 8.5) for 2050 and 2070. Using QGIS program, we estimated the areas of the species’ range, and compared them. According to the scenario RCP 2.6, by 2050, the range of the species will contract due to decrease in the territories with moderately continental climate, and by 2070, a restoration of the range would take place, for according to this scenario, the average annual temperature stabilizes. According to the scenario RCP 8.5, the range will contract by 2050 and will continue to decrease by 2070, for the concentration of CO2 continues to increase along with increase in average annual temperature. Climate changes can affect the life cycle of the beetle, its life expectancy and activity over the season. With changes in temperature, eggs and larvae of P. oblongopunctatus can be more vulnerable.
Morphological variation of four species of Strongyloides (Nematoda, Rhabditida) parasitising various mammal species
Authors: Gugosyan Y. A. , Boyko O. O. , Brygadyrenko V. V.
Published: May 2019

Study of the morphologic peculiarities of free-living stages of nematodes of the Strongyloides genus is important in differential diagnostics of pathogens. We studied the parasite of goats (Capra aegagrus hircus Linnaeus, 1758) – Strongyloides papillosus (Wedl, 1856); the parasite of horses (Equus ferus caballus Linnaeus, 1758) – S. westeri Ihle, 1917; the parasite of swine (Sus scrofa Linnaeus, 1758 ) – S. ransomi Schwartz & Alicata, 1930; the parasite of dogs (Canis lupus familiaris Linnaeus, 1758) – S. stercoralis (Bavay, 1876). Rhabditiform larvae (L1, L2), filarial larvae (L3), mature males (M) and free-living females (F) were analyzed for each of the four species by five morphological parameters: body length (Lb), total maximum body width (Sb), length of the esophagus (Lo), length of the intestine (Le), length of the tail end (Lc); for females, we additionally examined length from the head end to the vulva (Lv) and the number of formed eggs in the uterus cavity (E), and for males – length of spicules (Ls). First stage larvae of S. papillosus and S. stercoralis significantly differed in all parameters, and first stage larvae of S. westeri and S. stercoralis significantly differed in four out of five parameters. By indices of ratios of total maximum body width (Sb) to body length (Lb), length of the esophagus (Lo) to length of the intestine (Le), length of the tail end (Lc) to body length (Lb), length of the intestine (Le) to body length (Lb), a reliable difference was recorded between L1 of S. papillosus and S. ransomi, L3 of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. westeri and S. ransomi, between males of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. westeri and S. stercoralis, between females of S. papillosus and S. westeri, S. papillosus and S. stercoralis. All four examined species were observed to have reliable differences of ratio of length of esophagus to length of intestine in third stage larvae.
Evaluación teórica de las propiedades electrónicas y estructurales que afectan a la conductividad eléctrica en copolímeros de furanotiofeno
Authors: Anaya Gil Jorge Luis , Drosos Ramirez Juan Carlos , Vergara Lorduy Javier Ernesto , Toro Rojas Juan Pablo , Vivas Reyes Ricardo
Published: May 2019

Desde el punto de vista científico y tecnológico ha habido un gran interés en el uso de monosustituyentes de furano y tiofeno como polímeros conductores, debido a sus múltiples aplicaciones como OLED, amplificadores ópticos, nanotecnología, entre otros. Por ello, el propósito de este trabajo fue estudiar los aspectos teóricos que afectan las propiedades electroconductoras de este tipo de moléculas. Se determinaron teóricamente los aspectos estructurales y electrónicos que influyeron en la conductividad de copolímeros de furano–tiofeno monosustituidos, al utilizar grupos carboxilos, metilos, hidroxilos, ciano y fluoruros como sustituyentes en el carbono C3 y C10 de cada heterociclo. La diferencia de energía entre el LUMO y el HOMO (band gap, Eg) y el potencial de ionización (PI) fue calculada a partir de las geometrías optimizadas en DFT para el estado neutro, anión y catión. Los PI y la Eg de los copolímeros fueron obtenidos mediante la extrapolación de los valores del oligómero a (1/N) y de una cadena de longitud infinita (1/N=0), obteniéndose una correlación lineal (R=0,99), la cual se mantiene a lo largo de todos los modelos de ajuste de cada copolímero analizado en el estudio.
A Study on Several New Fragments of the Säkiz Yükmäk Yaruq Sudur in Uighur Script
Authors: Li Gang
Published: May 2019

In this paper five new and unpublished fragments of a Buddhist sutra in Uighur script will be presented. According to our research, they belong to The Scripture of the Divine Spell of the Eight Yang of Heaven and Earth Spoken by the Buddha, i.e., säkiz yükmäkyaruq sudur (SYY) (Fo shuo tiandi bayang shenzhou jing 佛說天地八陽神咒經, T85n2897). The first three fragments (T2 a/b, T3, T4) from Turfan were discovered by our technicians during their protection work of the cultural relics section while they were classifying, cleaning and repairing other objects. Due to several reasons, these documents have not been numbered up to now. Advised by our technicians we have numbered them with the capital letter T. Two fragments (U1895 a/b and U1896 a/b)1 belong to the Turfan Collection of Berlin2. The paper mainly gives transcriptions, translations, and notes.
The Turkic Kinship System
Authors: Taşbaş Erhan
Published: May 2019

Turkic kinship terminologies have been diversely classified as Turco-Mongolic, Siberian Generational, Omaha etc. by anthropologists as well as by linguists in previous studies. Obviously, it is difficult to claim an invariable kinship system covering all Turkic languages, since modern Turkic kin systems differentiated from not only the Proto-Turkic or Old Turkic system, but also within themselves over time. This paper presents an attempt to trace changes in the kinship systems from Proto-Turkic to the present as far as possible based on surviving well-attested kinship cognates.
Organophosphorus-Based Organic / Inorganic
Hybrids
Authors: Vioux André , Hubert Mutin P. , Le Bideau Jean , Leclercq Dominique
Published: May 2019

This paper is a concise review of some recent works which highlights the
interest of phosphonate groups RP (O)32- in the field of organic/inorganic hybrid materials, as a
general alternative to silicon coupling agents in anchoring of an organic
group to an inorganic support or within an inorganic network. Examples,
focused on metals of groups 4 and 13, illustrate various synthetic routes,
from the hydrothermal synthesis of two- or three-dimensional metal
phosphonates, to the introduction of organic moieties into oxide matrices by
sol-gel processing, without excluding the grafting of metal oxide
surfaces.
Phosphonate Modified Titanium Alkoxides: Intermediates in the
Sol-Gel Processing of Novel Titania / Phosphonate Inorganic-Organic
Hybrids
Authors: Hubert Mutin P. , Mehring Michael , Guerrero Gilles , Vioux André
Published: May 2019

We are currently developing a 2-step sol-gel route to metal oxide /
phosphonate hybrid materials, based on the non-hydrolytic condensation of a
metal alkoxide with a phosphonic acid, followed by hydrolysis / condensation
of the remaining alkoxy groups. Several molecular intermediates in this
process were obtained by reaction of Ti(OiPr)4 with
phosphonic acids RPO3H2(R = Me, Ph,
tBu):[Ti4(OiPr)2(tBuPO3)]4(1),[Ti4(μ3-O)(OiPr)5(μ-OiPr)3(PhPO3)3]·DMSO
(2),
[Ti4(μ3-O)(OiPr)5(μ-OiPr)3(MePO3)3]·DMSO
(3),
[Ti4(μ3-O)(OiPr)5(μ-OiPr)3(tBuPO3)3]·DMSO
(4), which were characterized by single crystal X-ray structure analysis
and/or NMR spectroscopy. These compounds give information on the sol-gel
chemistry in our process and are structural models for the final hybrid
materials. In all cases the non-hydrolytic condensation is complete, and the
phosphoryl oxygen is coordinated to a titanium atom. In addition, these
clusters are soluble in common organic solvents and contain hydrolyzable
alkoxy groups, which make them potential building blocks in the sol gel
process. Accordingly, the use of cluster 2 as a single source precursor was
investigated.
Periodic Mesoporous Organosilicas (PMOs): Nanostructured
Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Materials
Authors: Asefa Tewodros , Coombs Neil , Dag Ömer , Grondey Hiltrud , MacLachlan Mark J. , Ozin Geoffrey A. , Yoshina-Ishii Chiaki
Published: May 2019

Lateral thinking in biomimetic materials chemistry has permitted chemists to
create fascinating structures that mimic the biomaterials optimized by
Nature. The integration of organic and inorganic chemistry at multiple
length scales gives optimal performance characteristics to biomaterials,
such as bone. In a similar fashion, lateral thinking in our lab has enabled
us to consolidate the chemistry of inorganic surfactant-templated mesoporous
materials with the organic-inorganic hybrid structure of amorphous xerogels.
A new class of materials, periodic mesoporous organosilicas (PMOs), has
emerged that marries organic and solid-state chemistry in the channels of
hexagonally ordered mesoporous materials. Various organic and organometallic
groups may be integrated into the framework, creating materials with novel,
tunable properties. Surfactant can be solvent-extracted or ion-exchanged to
create a high surface area PMO with the framework and the organic group
intact. This renders the organic groups accessible for reaction to give a
new type of “chemistry of the channels”.
Multifunctional Nanocomposite Coatings
Authors: Rentrop Corné H.A. , Batenburg Lawrence F. , Van Dam Roelant A. , Hogerheide Marinus P. , Meinema Harry A. , Gielgens Leon H. , Fischer Hartmut R.
Published: May 2019

Multifunctional nanocomposite coatings and bulk materials have been
developed on the basis of a combination of purely organic, as well as hybrid
organic-inorganic polymeric matrices and anisotropic synthetic and natural
clays. The clays have been chemically modified in such a way that they
became compatible to the polymeric matrices. Clay platelets may be separated
by modification with an organic molecule that contains two or more charged
functional groups. The cations or anions located between the clay sheets are
exchanged with one of these organic functional groups, which results in the
formation of clay platelets “coated” with charges, thereby causing a
molecular dispersion. Depending on the nature of the organic molecule
colored or colorless coatings and polymeric bulk materials, containing
homogeneously dispersed separated clay platelets, have been obtained.

While retaining the basic functional properties of the materials new and/or
improved properties have been introduced. This concerns in particular
improved barrier properties, such as a decreased permeability for oxygen and
water, improved corrosion resistance and increased thermal stability.

The composition of the wet coating systems is such that they can be properly
applied and thermally or photo-chemically cured on various substrates such
as glass, steel, aluminum and plastics. The bulk materials can be processed
into final product shapes by conventional polymer processing techniques.
Broadband Dielectric Relaxation of Polymer Composite
Films
Authors: Chiang C.K. , Popielarz Roman , Nozaki Ryusuke , Obrzut Jan
Published: May 2019

The broadband dielectric relaxation of a BaTiO3-polymer composite
film was studied. The complex dielectric constant data from 10-4
Hz to 1010 Hz reveals the existence of relaxation process at
frequency of 10 MHz in the polymer composite. On the basis of Cole-Cole
analysis, the relaxation time of the system is of order of 10-8
s. The understanding of the broad dispersion in dielectric behavior of
polymer composite materials is needed to support next generation electronic
devices used in wireless communication and related applications.
Patterned Functional Arrays by Selective
De-Wetting
Authors: Fan Hongyou , Doshi Dhaval , Lu Yunfeng , Lopez Gabriel P. , Jeffrey Brinker C.
Published: May 2019

Using a micro-Contact Printing (μ-CP) technique, substrates are prepared
with patterns of hydrophilic, hydroxyl-terminated SAMs and hydrophobic
methyl-terminated SAMs. Beginning with a homogeneous solution of silica,
surfactant, ethanol, water, and functional silane, preferential ethanol
evaporation during dip-coating, causes water enrichment and selective
de-wetting of the hydrophobic SAMs. Correspondingly, film deposition occurs
exclusively on the patterned hydrophilic SAMs. In addition, by
co-condensation of tetrafunctional silanes (Si(OR)4) with
tri-functional organosilanes ((RO)3Si
(CH2)3NH2), we have selectively derived
the silica framework with functional amine NH2 groups. A pH
sensitive, micro-fluidic system was formed by further conjugation reactions
with pH sensitive dye molecules.
Sol-Gel Chemistry of Trialkoxysilanes
Authors: Schneider Duane A. , Baugher Brigitta M. , Loy Douglas A. , Rahimian Kamyar , Alam Todd
Published: May 2019

Hydrolysis and condensation of trialkoxysilanes, HSi(OMe)3 and
HSi(OEt)3, has been used to prepare polyhydridosilsesquioxaes
for dielectric applications. In this study we examined the ability of
trimethoxysilane (TMS) and triethoxysilane (TES) to undergo sol-gel
polymerization to afford gels. Sol-gel polymerization experiments were
conducted under acidic (HCl), basic (NaOH), and neutral conditions in
methanol or ethanol. Gels prepared with basic catalysts were exothermic with
the evolution of hydrogen gas. Gel times are compared with silica gels
prepared from tetramethoxysilane (TMOS) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Gels
were worked up under aqueous conditions to afford xerogels. Surface area
analyses by nitrogen sorption porosimetery revealed that the materials were
mostly mesoporous materials with surface areas in the hundreds of square
meters per gram. Solid state 29Si CP MAS NMR was used to
determine the amount of hydrido group remaining in the xerogels. Gels
prepared under acidic conditions were essentially polysilsesquioxanes with
very little loss of hydride functionalities. In gels prepared under basic
conditions the hydride groups were completely gone leaving silica gels. Gels
prepared with neutral water lost approximately 66% of the hydride
groups.
Some Scattering Results on Organic-Inorganic Composites
Authors: Mark J. E.
Published: May 2019

A number of investigations are described to illustrate the use of small-angle x-ray and neutron scattering to characterize the structures of organic-inorganic composites. The organic phase in these materials is typically a polymer such as poly (dimethylsiloxane), and the inorganic phase a ceramic such as silica or titania (obtained by in-situ hydrolysis and condensation of an organosilane or organotitanate in the usual sol-gel approach). Other inorganic phases of interest include porous materials such as zeolites or Vycor glass. A major goal in such investigations is to correlate the structures of the composites with the synthetic techniques used to prepare them, and with the mechanical properties they exhibit. Carrying out scattering measurements as a function of time can also be used to obtain kinetic results on the sol-gel reactions used to generate the dispersed phase.
TRAO ĐỔI: VỀ CÔNG TRÌNH NGHIÊN CỨU TÍNH TOÁN “ĐỘ TIN CẬY TỔNG THỂ” ĐĂNG TRÊN TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC VÀ CÔNG NGHỆ BIỂN SỐ 3 TẬP 10 NĂM 2010
Authors: Pho Nguyen Van
Published: May 2019

Mục đích của bài viết này là chỉ ra rằng phương pháp tính “Độ tin cậy tổng thể” trong bài báo đăng trên Tạp chí Khoa học và Công nghệ Biển Số 3 Tập 10 (2010) chỉ là một đề xuất, chưa được chứng minh. Tác giả bài báo đã sử dụng định lý nhân xác suất để chứng minh một mệnh đề, trong đó không thỏa mãn giả thiết về sự xuất hiện đồng thời của hai sự kiện ngẫu nhiên bền và mỏi. Ngoài ra bài viết này còn chỉ ra việc đánh giá an toàn của công trình bằng “Độ tin cậy tổng thể” là không hợp lý. Vì vậy, theo ý kiến tác giả bài viết, kết quả nghiên cứu về “Độ tin cậy tổng thể” nêu trên không thể áp dụng trong nghiên cứu, đào tạo và ứng dụng, đặc biệt là vào các lĩnh vực liên quan đến chủ quyền Quốc gia như các công trình biển, đảo.
The Impact of Migration on HIV Infection Situation (Analytical Review)
Authors: Pokrovskaya Anastasia V. , Yumaguzin Valeriy V. , Kireev Dmitry E. , Vinnik Maria V. , Pokrovskiy Vadim V.
Published: May 2019

Today, the unstable political and economic situation in the world has led to an intensified migration and changes in their directions. The legal norms regarding the status of migrants, including people living with HIV, are also changing. Over the past 10 years laws restricting the entry and residence of HIV-infected foreign citizens have been repealed in many countries, but in Russia the deportation and prohibition of long-term stay of HIV positive international migrants are still in effect. This review presents the main aspects of the impact of migration on the spread of HIV in the world and Russia, as well as the possible positive and negative effects of decriminalization of migrants living with HIV in terms of epidemic situation, socio-demographic and economic processes. The argument for retaining the deportation is due to the potential risk of the spread of the disease by foreigners and the unresolved organization of medical care and treatment of HIV infection for foreign migrants, which are provided for Russian citizens from the state budget. On the other hand, the deportation law touches upon ethical aspects, violating freedom of movement, the right to privacy and freedom from discrimination. Despite the presence or absence of restrictive measures against HIV-positive migrants, HIV has spread throughout all countries and led to a global epidemic. Prevention of HIV infection among general population of the country, regardless of their migration status, is a priority on the way to stop the spread of infection.
Efeitos Práticos da Gestão no Valor Acionário da Petrobras
Authors: Cordeiro Júnior Edson Carlos , Penedo Antonio Sergio Torres , Pereira Vinícius Silva
Published: May 2019

Diante das frequentes notícias de crimes envolvendo grandes organizações do primeiro e segundo setor e perante o notório dano social que estas são capazes de causar, este trabalho pretende iluminar o lado obscuro das organizações, identificar qual é o elemento principal desta face obscura, fomentando a discussão sobre a temática, por entender que esta é necessária para a repressão deste tipos de crime. Para tanto será utilizada a perspectiva da teoria organizacional sobre a ótica da crítica teórica no interesse de identificar o atual ponto de coalizão teórica e quais são os efeitos práticos da gestão criminosa no valor acionário das organizações. Por essa razão, este trabalho retratará o impacto dos crimes corporativos no valor da ação negociada em bolsa de valores, será feita uma referência aos crimes organizacionais, expondo alguns termos e argumentos de pesquisadores sobre estes crimes. Pretende-se verificar e demonstrar o resultado prático no valor das organizações quando o seu lado obscuro aflora. Em espécie será verificado quais os danos sofridos em valor de ações e se estes são permanentes, quando da prática criminosa. Para tanto, será realizado um comparativo entre o valor da ação ordinária da Empresa Estatal Petrobras, negociadas na B³ durante cada uma das primeiras 47 fases da operação Lava Jato realizada pela Polícia Federal do Brasil, verificando o efeito negativo quantitativo desta investigação no valor da ação ordinária e se este é permanente. Após a obtenção dos resultados pretende-se esclarecer se as organizações têm mesmo um lado obscuro ou se é apenas mais um reflexo da má gestão.
PENGARUH OZONISASI TERHADAP DO, BOD DAN PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI DI DALAM LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI PENYAMAKAN KULIT
Authors: Yazid Moch , Bastianudin Aris , Usada Widdi
Published: May 2019

PENGARUH OZONISASI TERHADAP DO, BOD DAN PERTUMBUHAN BAKTERI DI DALAM LIMBAH CAIRINDUSTRI PENYAMAKAN KULIT. Telah dilakukan penelitian pengaruh ozonisasi terhadap desolved oxygen (DO),biological oxygen demand (BOD) dan pertumbuhan bakteri di dalam limbah cair industri penyamakan kulit. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh ozonisasai terhadap proses dekomposisi senyawa organik di dalam limbahini, dengan indikator penurunan BOD, kenaikan DO dan pertumbuhan bakteri dekomposer. Ozonisasi dilakukandengan variasi waktu 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90, 105, 120, 135, 150, 165, 180, 195 dan 210 menit. Masing-masingsampel limbah yang telah diozonisasi disimpan dalam tabung reaksi steril untuk isolasi bakteri dan sebagian lagidisimpan di dalam botol lain untuk dilakukan pengukuran BOD dan DO. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwaozonisasi dengan debit 16,243x10-3 mg/detik selama 3,0 jam dapat menurunkan BOD sebesar 19,61 %, dan ozonisasiselama 3,5 jam mampu meningkatkan DO sebesar 82,5%,. Selain itu, dengan ozonisasi selama 3,0 jam juga mampumengurangi pertumbuhan jenis bakteri sebesar 80 %.
DESAIN KOLIMATOR TIPE TABUNG UNTUK PENYEDIAAN BERKAS RADIOGRAFI DENGAN SUMBER GENERATOR NETRON
Authors: Sardjono Yohannes
Published: May 2019

DESAIN KOLIMATOR TIPE TABUNG UNTUK PENYEDIAAN BERKAS RADIOGRAFI DENGAN SUMBERGENERATOR NETRON. Telah dilakukan desain kolimator untuk penyediaan berkas radiografi netron dengansumber generator netron. Kolimator ini berguna untuk mendapatkan fluks netron termal yang optimal dengan pengotorradiasi (netron epitermal dan gamma) yang sekecil-kecilnya. Proses desain dilakukan dengan melakukan simulasimenggunakan Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP) code untuk menghitung tally berupa fluks netron dan laju dosisekuivalen. Desain kolimator yang dipilih adalah jenis tabung yang tersusun dari material moderator parafin, reflektorgrafit, dan kolimator wall alumunium. Parameter optimasi desain adalah panjang kolimator 4 - 8 cm, dengan interval 1cm, jenis bahan moderator (parafin, grafit, berilium, dan air), jenis beam filter adalah timbal, dan material apertureadalah boron atau kadmium. Kriteria penerimaan adalah fluks netron termal 103 - 106 n.cm-2.s-1, n/γ ratio > 106n.cm-2.mR-1 dan Cd ratio > 2. Untuk keselamatan lingkungan digunakan parafin sebagai biological shielding dan timbalsebagai casing. Dari hasil perhitungan optimasi desain dapat diperoleh bahwa kolimator dengan sumber generatornuetron menghasilkan keluaran fluks netron termal 4.67 + 0.5981 x 103 n.cm-2.s-1, rasio netron-gamma (n/γ) ≥ (1.56 +0,000111).106 n.cm–2 mR-1 dan laju dosis ekuivalen pada jarak 10 cm dari permukaan fasilitas adalah 0,0378 - 0,0521mR/jam.
GAS SENSING PROPERTIES OF RUTILE-TiO2 (100) FILMS PREPARED BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION
Authors: Siswanto Bambang , Yamamoto Shunya , Yoshikawa Masahito
Published: May 2019

gas sensing property of TiO2 thin films have been demonstrated in rutile-TiO2 (100) films grown on the a-Al2O3 (0001)substrates by Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD). High quality rutile-TiO2 (100) films were successfully grown on a-Al2O3(0001) with the substrate temperature at 500oC under 15 mTorr of O2 gas pressure. The thickness and crystallinity ofTiO2 films were evaluated by Rutherford backscattering spectrometry combined with channeling (RBS/C) and X-raydiffraction using q-2q scans. To evaluate CO2 gas sensing property of TiO2 films, the dependence of the changing ofelectrical resistivity on the temperature was measured. It’s found that high crystallinity rutile-TiO2 (100) films on the a-Al2O3 (0001) substrate kept at 100oC exhibits good gas sensing property for CO2 gas.Keywords: X-ray diffraction, laser epitaxial, TiO2 thin film, electrical resistivity, CO2