bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Innovation and Creation of Recent Bridge Engineering under the Direction of IABSE Outstanding Structure Award
Authors: Ge Yaojun , Hussain Naeem
Published: November 2022

Over recent years there has been considerable development in bridge engineering. Thirty-two bridge projects have received IABSE Outstanding Structure Awards during the past two decades in recognition of the most remarkable, innovative, creative, or otherwise stimulating structures. Several creative structural forms have been created such as two twin-box girder suspension bridges, three spatial main cable suspension bridges, six multi-main-span cable-supported bridges and one cable-stayed and suspension hybrid bridge. Various innovative material combinations have been developed and used in two steel truss and PC flange composite girder bridges, one butterfly web extradosed bridge, one multiple material strength bridge and one long-life concrete cable-stayed bridge. Some remarkable functional technologies have been invented for two remarkable movable bridges, two innovative cable-stayed bridges, two extreme seismic function cable-supported bridges and two environmental coordination bridges. Many stimulating bridge projects have been awarded as Winners or Finalists including three extradosed bridges, four arch bridges, two cable-stayed bridges and four sea-crossing bridges. The innovation and creation of recent bridge engineering has been recognised by IABSE Outstanding Structure Award reflecting the creative structural forms, the innovative material combinations, the remarkable functional technologies and the stimulating bridge projects.
The Construction of Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge
Authors: Zhang Jinwen , Gao Wenbo , Su Quanke , Xia Zili , Zhu Yongling
Published: November 2022

The Hong Kong–Zhuhai–Macao Bridge (HZMB) is located at the Pearl River Estuary on the south of China, It is the longest sea-crossing infrastructure made of island, tunnel and bridge. It links Hong Kong in the east with Zhuhai-Macao in the west with a total length of 55 km. The HZMB was built according to the highway standard of due three lanes. It has a design life of 120 years to meet the Hong Kong standard that is the first in China Mainland. The HZMB has greatly improved traffic conditions on the east and west sides of the coast of the Pearl River Estuary and strengthened the communication, transportation, and economic integration of the three regions, thus accelerating the formation of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. This paper outlines the key construction technologies and strategies used in HZMB to provide references for the design and construction of other mega-projects in China or abroad.
ShiZiYang Bridge – General Scheme Design Options for Mega Suspension Bridge
Authors: Jun Xu , YuGang Wu , TaiKe Zhang , Marcussen Jens Brolev
Published: November 2022

The ShiZiYang suspension bridge in the Guangdong province in China will when constructed have a world record main span of 2180 m and carry an impressive 2 x 8 lanes of traffic on the double-deck truss girder. A bridge of this previously unmatched proportion requires innovative design concepts to develop a feasible and constructable bridge. The ShiZiYang Crossing owner organization invited three well-known bridge design companies in the initial design process to develop different options for overall configuration of girder, tower, anchorage, and cable system. Each of the different concepts have their own merits and regardless which one is chosen it will be on the limit to what has previously been achieved. While focusing on minimizing the deck weight, many other items must be taken into consideration such as aerodynamic stability, operation and maintenance, construction, cost, and aesthetic value. Comprehensive comparison of various options was thus carried out to select promising options that can serve as the basis for work of the next phase.
Construction Technologies of a large span Railway Suspension Bridge- Wufengshan Bridge
Authors: Wu Fengyuan , Feng Chenlin , Xia Ye
Published: November 2022

This paper is to introduce construction technologies of a thousand-meter scal high-speed railway suspension bridge in China, Wufengshan Bridge. There are basic principles applied throughout the bridge construction process: 1) To pay attention to innovations in bridge design method and basic theory by emphasizing both life cycle optimization design and durability design; 2) To advance key bridge construction technology; 3) To grasp the state deterioration mechanism and evolution law of the bridge operation and maintenance process in advance; 4) To build a whole life-cycle management framework system. This paper involves the design method, calculation theory, and the corresponding technical standards of high-speed railway suspension bridges in China.
Trial Design of a New Type of Large-Span Double-Limb Prestressed Concrete Box Girder Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs
Authors: Bing Shangguan , Su Qingtian , Li Tianyu , Zhang Hao
Published: November 2022

Owing to the buckling problem of corrugated steel webs, up to now the span of prestressed concrete box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs has not exceeded 200m . Based on the analysis of buckling strength of corrugated steel webs, a new type of large span prestressed concrete box girder bridge with double-limb corrugated steel webs is proposed in this paper. It reduces the free height of the corrugated steel webs by filling core concrete between the double-limbed corrugated steel webs, and increases buckling strength of the webs. Additionally, the optimization technique of strong top plate and thin bottom plate is applied to reduce the self-weight of constant load without reducing the cross-sectional stiffness. The result of the trial design shows that this bridge type is applicable and economical, which can achieve a breakthrough in the span of prestressed concrete box girder bridges with corrugated steel webs.
Nonlinear Coupling in Cable-Supported Bridges for Non-Analogous Modes
Authors: Maheux Sébastien , King J. Peter C. , El Damatty Ashraf , Brancaleoni Fabio
Published: November 2022

It has been shown that the nonlinear differential equations representing the structural system of a suspension bridge exhibit nonlinear modal coupling that can lead to large torsional vibrations of the bridge deck. Such nonlinear coupling could play a role in the stability of cable-supported bridges under wind effects. Therefore, this paper presents an investigation of nonlinear modal coupling in cable-supported bridges with an emphasis on coupling between pairs of non- analogous modes, i.e., modes having a weak correlation along the bridge deck between the verti- cal displacement and torsional rotation. A procedure for assessing nonlinear coupling that relies on nonlinear generalized stiffness parameters is utilized for this purpose. Results of nonlinear gen- eralized stiffness analysis for suspension bridges indicate that non-analogous modes have a weak- er nonlinear coupling compared to analogous modal pairs.
Study on Mechanical Property of Reticulated Shell Structure Canopy Considering Elevated-effect of Viaduct in High-speed Rail Station
Authors: Liu Chuanping , Jia Jian
Published: November 2022

Some high-speed rail stations use reinforced concrete reticulated shell as its canopy structure in China. This structure has advantages of beautiful shape, large span and convenient maintenance. This paper mainly studies the influence of the viaduct structure on mechanical property of reticulated shell structure upper, and establishes the overall finite element model of station including the viaduct and canopy structure. The study results show that due to the relatively large structural stiffness of the viaduct, it can select a separate model of the canopy from the whole station structure to analysis, and can meet the safety requirements of the canopy structure.
State of the Art of Concrete Segmental Bridges
Authors: Huang Dongzhou , Huang Yicheng
Published: November 2022

The objective of this paper is to summarize current theory, design, and construction methods of concrete segmental girder bridges and to propose future research needs. First, the analytical theory will be overviewed, including concrete creep and shrinkage, bending strength with external tendons and unbounded tendons, web crack control, anchorage, etc. Then, the paper covers design methods regarding corrosion, including the use of Electrically Isolated Tendons (EIT) system, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) tendons and other corrosion protection techniques. In addition, internal redundance; the use of ultra-high-performance concrete (UHPC); and standardization for expediting the concrete segmental bridge design will be presented. The paper concludes with a discussion of research needs for future development of concrete segmental bridges.
Study on Measures to Improve Natural Vibration Characteristics of Three-Towers and Four-Span Suspension Bridge During Construction
Authors: Gong Ming , Shen Ruili , Wang Hui , Chen Wei , Yang Haizhong
Published: November 2022

In this paper, we take the suspension bridge of Oujiang Beikou bridge in Wenzhou, as the engineering background, the effects of a full rigid connection between segments, adding restraint cables between the stiffening beam and bridge tower, and adding restraint cables between the main cable and bridge tower, addition underwater auxiliary pier and the combination of the above measures on the natural vibration characteristics of the structure are studied and compared, especially the influence of torsional frequency and vibration mode. The calculation results show that when the hoisting quantity of stiffening beams is small, setting cables or a combination of the rigid connection of the beam and setting cables can improve the torsional frequency of the structure. When the hoisting quantity of stiffening beams is large, setting cables or combination setting auxiliary pier and rigid connection of beam
Analytical Methods to Adjust the Distribution of Dead Loads of a Suspension Bridge with Three Cable Planes to Three Cables in The Transverse Direction
Authors: Zhang Wenming , Liu Jijiu , Liu Zihang
Published: November 2022

Suspension bridges with three cable planes (SB-3CP) provide an excellent solution to the suspension bridges’ downwarp problem with ultrawide decks. However, the middle cable bears most of the deck load, which affects the torsional rigidity, and force status of the upper transverse beam on the pylon. It is necessary to adjust the distribution of dead loads to three cables in the transverse direction. In this paper, two analytical methods respectively based on the hanger cross sectional area (Method 1) and unstrained length (Method 2) are proposed. By altering the cross- sectional area of each hanger (Method 1) and increasing the unstrained length of the middle hanger (Method 2), the load share beard by the middle cable reduces. Finally, an SB-3CP was taken as an example. As the results show, the more load the side cable bears, the more torsional rigidity the bridge has, and the less vertical force is applied by the main cable to the upper transverse beam on the pylon.
Stability Analysis of a Super Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge in China
Authors: Zheng Xing , Huang Qiao , Huang Jian , Zhang Jin-Tao , Song Xiao-Dong
Published: November 2022

With a main span of 1176 meters, the Changtai Yangze River Bridge is a super long-span rail-cum- road cable-stayed bridge under construction in China. The steel truss girder is a transverse asymmetry structure. And the spacial diamond shaped pylon is applied in the bridge to ensure the stiffness of pylon. In this paper, the stability of the Changtai Yangze River Bridge is investigated using finite element method. Dead load, live load and wind load are considered in the analysis. Linear elastic buckling analysis and nonlinear stability analysis, in which both material nonlinearity and geometrical nonlinearity are considered, is performed. The failure mode of the nonlinear stability is presented and discussed. The results show that the minimum stability coefficients are 10,50 and 2,04, respectively for the linear elastic buckling analysis and nonlinear stability analysis. The crushing of concrete at the bottom of the pylon indicates the failure of the structure.
Axial Force Transfer Mechanism of Steel-Concrete Joint in Hybrid Girder for Railway Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Wang Taiqi , Ma Guang , Yang Xinran , Xie Yuanchao , Liu Rong
Published: November 2022

The hybrid girder for a railway cable-stayed bridge consists of the steel-concrete composite girder at the main span and the prestressed concrete (PC) girder at the side span. The two spans are connected by the steel-concrete joint (SCJ) with multiply concrete filled steel cells (CFSC). The mechanical behavior of SCJ is investigated using three-dimensional finite element analysis (FEA). Results show that the internal force can be effectively transferred from the composite girder to the PC girder through CFSC without sever stress concentration. The two bearing plates remain the major force transfer components with the force sharing ratio of 60%, while both the shear connectors and the top concrete slab play important roles with the force sharing ratio of 20% respectively. The unique CFSC with extended force transfer path may improve the mechanical behavior of SCJ and is recommended for the application in the high-speed railway cable-stayed bridge.
The Analysis of the Non-Axial Force Connection for the Earth-Anchored Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Zhang Yajun , Yang Yan , Tang Shoufeng , Liao Yuan , Ding Wangxing , Liu Yuqing
Published: November 2022

The Danjiangkou Reservoir Bridge is the earth-anchored light composite cable-stayed bridge with the largest span in the world. The non-axial force connection is firstly used in the composite cable- stayed bridge. This connection mainly consists of the support system, outer and inner box girders. Based on the FE analysis, the stress distribution, load path and deformation of the non-axial force connection are discussed. The results show that the load on the outer box girder is transferred to the inner box girder by vertical and horizontal supports, so as to complete the transmission of shear force, bending moment and torsion of the cable-stayed bridge at the mid-span. The non-axial force connection presents effective mechanical performance and structural deformation response, which indicates that this connection can reduce the unfavourable longitudinal deformation of the earth- anchored cable-stayed bridge.
Structural Performance and Cost Analysis of Multi-span Extradosed Cable-Stayed Bridge
Authors: Xiong Zhihua , Hou Xu , Zhu Houda , Liu Yuqing , Meng Yang
Published: November 2022

To investigate the structural performance and economic applicability of multi-span extradosed cable-stayed bridge, a comparative scheme of composite beam with corrugated steel web was designed based on the Wangjia River Bridge, which was an extradosed cable-stayed bridge with prestressed concrete girder built in Shaanxi. Spatial finite element models of the whole bridge were established by CSIBridge for extradosed cable-stayed bridge with two different sections of girder. Considering the influence of p-Δ effect, the vertical and horizontal deformation and the governing sections of the two forms were analyzed and compared. The material consumption of steel, concrete and steel strand of the extradosed cable-stayed bridge with corrugated steel web was calculated. The material consumption of the two schemes was compared. The differences in structural performance and economic cost for the two structures were explored. It’s expected to provide a reference for the tender design of multi-span extradosed cable-stayed bridges with similar span length.
Design and Construction of Chongqing Lijia Jialing River Bridge
Authors: Lai Ya-ping , Chen Xiao-hu , Yan Fu-cheng
Published: November 2022

To achieve a cost-effective, rational, and efficient structural system, two traditional structural systems—a continuous rigid frame (CRF) girder bridge and a deck arch bridge—are combined to form a new bridge type—arch-stiffened girder (ASG) bridge. This bridge type fulfil the innovative and unique requirements for the Chongqing Lijia Jialing river bridge. The ASG bridge combines the simplicity of a girder bridge with the elegance of an arch bridge. In terms of structural behaviours, the ASG bridge utilizes the arch to assist the main girder and forms a self-balancing system, significantly reducing the mid-span and side-span girder lengths, and thus optimizing structural performance through increased vertical stiffness and effective control of long-term deflection. This article discusses the major components of the Chongqing Lijia Jialing river bridge's design, construction, load capacity testing, and effects upon completion.
Conceptual Design of 5 km-Class Super Long Span Bridge
Authors: Kim Chang Su , Cho Eu Kyeong , Kim Ho Kyung
Published: November 2022

In order to examine the feasibility of a 5 km-class super long-span bridge, behavioral characteristics and problems were analyzed in 5K-Bridge technology, and a conceptual design was performed based on the latest and future technologies.

As for the material of the main cable, the applicability of the carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) with low weight and high tensile strength of 3000 MPa was examined and compared with a steel cable with a tensile strength of 2060 MPa.

For this review, a two-dimensional parametric study was performed for a three-span suspension bridge with main spans from 2000 m to 5000 m with 500 m span length increments. In addition, a conceptual design was performed for a suspension bridge with a main span of 5000 m to evaluate the tension forces, area of the main cables and structural behavior.
Prediction of Aerodynamic Coefficients using Artificial Neural Network in Shape Optimization of Centrally-Slotted Box Deck Bridge
Authors: Elhassan Mohammed , Zhu Ledong , Tan Zhongxu , Alhaddad Wael
Published: November 2022

Aerodynamic shape optimization of bridge deck is a very important task in the wind-resistant design of long-span bridges and often carried out via wind tunnel tests of sectional model or CFD simulation, both of which commonly need heavy workload, thus are time-consuming and costly. In this paper, an artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed to predict aerodynamic coefficients of a central-slotted box deck of a 1600m main span cable-stayed bridge during the aerodynamic shape optimization to enhance its performance of wind-induced static stability. The ANN model was built and trained with a data set of aerodynamic coefficients obtained from limited cases of wind tunnel tests. The effect of neuron numbers in the hidden layer on prediction accuracy was discussed. The results show that the built ANN model can accurately predict the aerodynamic coefficients and significantly reduce the workload of wind tunnel tests.
Experimental Study on Shear Performance of Steel Shear Key Dry Joint in Precast Segmental Bridges
Authors: Zou Yu , Xu Dong , Song Bingquan , Qiu Songli , Xie Zhengyuan
Published: November 2022

The joints between segments represent weak points and introduce discontinuity into structures, therefore they are particularly significant in precast concrete segmental bridges (PCSBs). In this study, a new steel shear key was designed, and 3 full-scale tests were conducted. Various shear keys were taken as experimental parameters to study crack development, failure mode, shear slip, ultimate bearing capacity, and the residual bearing capacity of various joints under direct shear force. The results show that the stiffness and bearing capacity of steel shear keyed joints is higher than concrete key joints, and the structural system is more stable than concrete key joints at the moment of cracking.
Slipping Behavior and Relaxation Characteristics of Thin-Walled GFRP High-Strength Bolted Friction Joints for Sound Barriers on Bridge Viaducts
Authors: Sekimoto Masaki , Hayashi Gen , Yamaguchi Takashi , Sakai Keiichi , Aoki Kai , Kubo Keigo
Published: November 2022

This study aimed to clarify the performance of high-strength bolted joints for thin-walled glass-fiber- reinforced polymer (GFRP) members by conducting slip tests and long-term relaxation tests. The parameters of the slip test were the FRP surface treatment, bolt axial force, and bolt hole diameter. Relaxation characteristics might also be affected by variations in fiber content based on differences in production lots. Hence, samples from different production lots were taken. However, in these tests, the influence of all parameters was relatively minimal. One year after tightening, the axial force reduction gradually subsided and tended toward convergence. However, because it is difficult to determine convergence based on temperature changes, long-term measurements will continue. In the slip tests, the highest slip coefficient was obtained when the GFRP was coated with fluoroplastic and the connecting plates were treated with phosphate. This study proposes a design slip coefficient for GFRP high-strength bolted friction joints.
Track Transition on Bridges or Switch-Over Ramps: Rail Based Urban Transport
Authors: Roy B. C. , Bhattacharyya S.
Published: November 2022

With rapid urbanisation, pressures on the urban transport facilities have increased manyfold for reasons of ever increased population and demands for better living. Rail based Mass Rapid Transit Systems (MRTS) be it elevated or underground was the first choice of the Indian Cities, which is changing now with more and more interest coming from 2nd and 3rd Tier Cities, Light Rail Transit System (LRTS) and trolley bus is gaining momentum and this become preferred choice in tier 1 cities as well to provide last mile connectivity, in sync with multi-modal integration to for door-to-door service. In order to control cost, it is now more and more explored to adopt to At Grade Section in such light transit systems. But at junction of such at grade section with Elevated / Underground stretch, it becomes inevitable to provide transition section. This paper aims in elaborating approach to design such transition zone for trackwork.
The Qilihe Street Pedestrian Bridge in Nanjing, China
Authors: Zhu Wenguang , Yuan Aimin , Liu Zihao , Zhang Bing , Wang Xinghong , Wang Fenglin
Published: November 2022

In order to build a complete pedestrian access area in the wetland park, a curved steel structure pedestrian bridge has been built approach to the lake, extending one span of beam from both ends of the second link of the bridge, which is connected with the landscape road in the park. Stairways are set up at the side span to provide an open and diverse viewing experience. Section of partial pentagon girder is provided with half of the glass bridge deck. The piers are consolidated on the inclined web of the box girder on the other side, which provide a stable support for the curved bridge. Assembled high strength screws are used at the pier bottom to anchor the pier to the pile cap to provide sufficient stiffness. The finite element models were established to calculate and analyze the overall structure and local structure of the bridge to prove its applicability.
Property Analysis of Link Slab in Long-span Steel-Concrete Composite Bridge
Authors: Xiao Liang , Su Qingtian , Lin Yu , Peng Tianbo
Published: November 2022

The expansion joint of simply supported bridge makes the driving uneven and maintenance inconvenient. Therefore, it is the best way to reduce or cancel it. Link slab is a favourable substitute. At present, it is mainly used for small and medium span bridges. This paper attempts to introduce the link slab into long-span simply supported steel-concrete composite bridge. The numerical model of the whole bridge is built, and the influences of bridge span, debond length of link slab and thickness of link slab on the mechanical property of continuous bridge deck structure are studied. The results show that as the bridge span increases, the longitudinal tensile stress on the upper surface of the control section increases significantly.
A Comparison Study of Reinforcement Design Methods of Concrete Box Girder Bridges Considering Spatial Effects
Authors: Sun Yuan , Zeng Xijie , Zhang Yu , Xu Dong
Published: November 2022

At present, typical reinforcement methods of box girders able to consider spatial effects are known as the amplification factor method, "panel element model" method, and the "spatial grid model" method. However, the differences between these methods have not been investigated.

In this paper, these methods are compared in terms of the full spatial resistances of box-girders, by evaluating the reinforcement results in an example. A surplus indicator in different directions in terms of the ultimate bearing capacity and normal section crack resistance is defined. The results show that in the mid-span section, the amplification factor method is prone to over-limiting the principal tensile stresses at the bottom panel near the web, and the other two methods have the good load-bearing capacity and crack resistance in all directions, but the reinforcement (especially for the spatial grid model method) is too conservative at the web and bottom panel.
Practical Use of UHPC As a Main Material for Superstructure of Pedestrian Bridges
Authors: Vráblík Lukáš
Published: November 2022

The main topic of paper is practical use of UHPFRC as main material for superstructure of pedestrian bridges. Three practical examples of real pedestrian bridges are presented – first is segmental single span bridge (completely made by UHPFRC segments), the second is cable stayed pedestrian bridge also with superstructure made by UHPFRC segments and the last one is low raised arch with external prestressing tendons. Information about design (material and structural analysis, details solutions and construction stages) are described and presented.
Experimental Study of Curved SFRC and ECC Composite Beams
Authors: Zhu Li
Published: November 2022

In order to investigate the cracking behavior of curved steel-concrete composite mechanical behavior under a hogging moment, two composite box girders with a central angle of 9º were designed and tested under static loads. In the reported test program, the CCB-1 was designed with steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) slab and shear studs. In contrast, the CCB-2 was designed with Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC) and Uplift-Restricted and Slip-Permitted (URSP) connectors for enhanced crack resistance. The load-displacement curve, strength and displacement ductility, failure mode, and strain distribution were reported in detail. For the test small curvature beams loaded under the hogging moment, the flexural critical failure mode was observed for both specimens, which was governed by compressive yielding of the top steel plate and tensile yielding of the concrete slab. The URSP connectors effectively reduce the stiffness of the interface slip of composite girders, enhance the interface slip capacity, and reduce the crack width of concrete compared with traditional shear studs.
Creep Effect and Time-Varying Reliability Analysis of Prestressed Continuous Rigid Frame Bridge
Authors: Xiao Junyi , Peng Jianxin , Liu Zhanghong , Zhang Jianren
Published: November 2022

This paper studies the long-term shrinkage and creep performance of C60 low shrinkage and low creep high performance concrete used in the main bridge of continuous rigid frame box girder bridge. The finite element model of the bridge is established by finite element simulation software. Firstly, the shrinkage and creep effect of the main bridge over a long time is calculated and analyzed by using the shrinkage and creep model of C60 low shrinkage and low creep concrete and different specification models of ordinary C60 concrete. The effects of shrinkage and creep on the internal force, stress, deflection and prestress loss of the main beam of the bridge under different loading ages are studied. Finally, combined with the prior information of concrete materials and data sample information, bayes method is used to predict the service reliability of the bridge. The research results can provide guidance for the long-term shrinkage performance and creep reliability of the bridge.
Analysis of local compressive behaviour of concrete bed under an embedded cast iron cable saddle
Authors: Yuan Yuan , Guanhua Liu , Songlin Song , Yuncheng Feng
Published: November 2022

The cable saddle on top of pylon not only helps the main cable pass through the summit of design form, but also transmits the tremendous force to the pylons. An imbedded cast iron cable saddle is proposed for a single pylon and two spans cable stayed bridge. Due to the arched shape of the cable saddle, the local compressive pressure on concrete bed may not be uniform. A plain strain FE model and A solid FE model is adopted to investigate the stress distribution in concrete foundation. The reduce factor for nonuniform local compression is about 0.73. This cable saddle structure can meet the local bearing capacity via theoretical verification, which could provide an example for the similar type of structures.
Modal Analysis and TMD Design of the Wing-spread Bridge: A Pedestrian Bridge along the Binjiang Avenue, Shanghai
Authors: Luo Lanxin , Wang Ao , Liu Zhanhang , Xia Ye , Sun Limin
Published: November 2022

Wing-spread bridge is an innovative stress-ribbon arch pedestrian bridge expected to be built along Binjiang Avenue, Shanghai, China. Human-induced vibration is an important factor that needs to be considered in the operation period of pedestrian bridges. However, there is a lack of research on this new structure's dynamic characteristics and vibration reduction measures. In this paper, the finite element (FE) model of the Wing-spread Bridge is firstly established, and the modal analysis is conducted based on the FE model. Subsequently, the maximum acceleration of each mode under pedestrian dynamic load is calculated. The result shows that the maximum acceleration of the first- order lateral bending mode exceeds the best comfortable indicator. Finally, two tuned mass dampers (TMD) are designed to be installed at the top of the arches, and the vibration amplitude of the bridge with TMD meets the requirements.
Numeric Analysis of Creep Effects on Steel-concrete Composite Structure with Equivalent Temperature Field Method
Authors: Yin Cunxin
Published: November 2022

The analysis of creep effect on steel-concrete composite structure is very complex. In this paper, the numeric analysis method of creep effect on steel-concrete composite structure with equivalent temperature field method is deduced, including transformation of initial creep strain to nonlinear equivalent temperature field along composite section, and also the reduced elasticity modulus of the concrete deck is taken for solution by computer. Based on this method, the programs for analysis of creep effect on steel-concrete composite structure with elements of integrated section without need of building models as divided separate layer have been developed, which has been used to analyse the creep effect on a long-span pre-stressed steel-concrete composite bridge. The conclusion has been drawn that creep effect is remarkable on pre-stressed steel-concrete bridge even if the reduced equivalent modulus of elasticity is considered.
Case Study On a Nonlinear Static and Dynamic Behavior of a 2D-Story Steel Frame with Different Configuration
Authors: Tim Sob Landry Wilfried , Deng Changgen , Mohamed Elobaid Musa Moneef , Uddin Md Nasir , Mahamoudou Faharidine
Published: November 2022

This paper investigated the seismic performance of steel frames under earthquake motion. Two- story steel frames were designed based on a code-design method for a medium and high-risk seismic zone. The frame's nonlinear static and dynamic analyses have been performed using OpenSees software and sap2000. We consider diverse configurations, concentrated plasticity, and fiber-model were employed. The results obtained in the analytical study concluded that the user design method was reasonable and the mean maximum drift of the frames under the ground motion sets was in an acceptable range.
Analysis and Optimization of Single Cable Plane Prestressed Concrete Extradosed Cable-stayed Bridge
Authors: Liu Chao , Liu Yongqi
Published: November 2022

Extradosed cable-stayed bridge has been used more and more in practical engineering because of its superior structural performance, good economic efficiency and good appearance. In this paper, taking a single cable plane prestressed concrete extradosed cable-stayed bridge as an engineering example, finite element analysis (FEA) is applied to complete the static analysis and stability analysis of the bridge during the construction stage, completed bridge stage and operation stage. In addition, the characteristics of stress distribution of the anchorage zone are analysed by using FEA software and the space finite element method. Finally, FEA software is used to output the cable force influence matrix, and the cable force adjustment and optimization are carried out based on the calculation principle of cable force optimization and combined with Matlab programming. The results can be used as reference for the design and construction of similar bridges.
Parametric Study and Design Method of Compressed Steel-Rubber Composite Anti-Collision Device
Authors: Zhou Ruigen , Xin Ziheng , Ma Haiying , Wang Junjie , Lozano-Galant J. A.
Published: November 2022

The compressed steel-rubber composite anti-collision device is a new type of self-floating device protect bridges from ship collision, which can significantly reduce the structural damage caused by ship collision. The use of compressed tires recycles the old tires and increases the elasticity of the device. Based on experimental analysis, the paper continued to develop detailed finite element model to investigate the behavior of the anti-collision device. Besides the comparison with the test results, parametrical study was developed including the thickness, position, number of the diaphragms to evaluate the sensitive parameters, so as to determine the design parameters for different collision conditions. Finally, a simplified design method including the key parameters was proposed to simplify the design process of anti-collision design.
Influence of Uniform Thermal Cycles in Reducing Rail Stresses Induced by Creep and Shrinkage Built over Time in Concrete Railway Bridges
Authors: Aksil Salem , Durand Paul-Emile
Published: November 2022

In railway bridges supporting a continuously welded rail, the friction induced at the location of the fasteners generates an increment of axial stress in the rail, to be controlled to maintain its integrity. The adequacy to consider creep and shrinkage effects along with the thermal effects in rail structure interaction (RSI) studies is often debated over. A widely accepted analysis approach in the industry is to model the fastening system as reversible bi-linear elastic-plastic. The present article exposes the conclusions of a study which, instead, adopted a realistic hysteretic law for the fastening system to demonstrate, through adequate time-dependent analysis, that the cyclic nature of temperature over time tends to eliminate the gradual increase in axial stress in the rail due to creep and shrinkage, potentially rendering the consideration of concrete rheologic effects in RSI analysis unnecessary, or to be accounted for adequately in order to avoid unnecessary conservatism.
Innovative Design and Materials for Seismic Resilient ABC
Authors: Khaleghi Bijan
Published: November 2022

Earthquakes can happen in Washington State at any time, and past history indicates there may be substantial shifting of land during a seismic event. The State Department of Transportations manages approximately 18,500 highway lane miles and more than 3,600 bridges on the state’s highway system. One of the agencies objectives is to ensure that state highways will be able to provide emergency responders access to damaged portions of the community quickly to provide Recovery life-saving services. State Highways will also need to provide the capability for the state economy and the movement of freight and goods to be re- stored as quickly as possible.

In an earthquake, damage to infrastructure bridges is more closely related to ground motion rather than magnitude. In addition, the ground type can significantly influence ground acceleration. Base on the geographic area and historical data geologists are able to create seismic hazard maps which show likely earth- quake ground motion zones. This paper discusses the seismic design requirements for bridges and challenges to achieve these requirements for new and existing bridges.

In recent years the ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) has been tested for bridge columns to improve to improve the performance of the connection within the plastic hinging regions. UHPC with its superior properties of higher compressive strength and modulus, and very low permeability, can provide improvements over conventionally build bridge columns.
In-Situ Test and Simulation of the Web-Self-Supporting Construction for the Composite Bridge with Corrugated Steel Webs
Authors: Cai Haochu , Wang Sihao , Liu Yuqing , Tian Hao , Wei Jun
Published: November 2022

In order to improve the safety and economics of the construction for long-span composite bridges with corrugated steel webs(CSWs), the web-self-supporting construction method with the characteristic of using the CSWs to carry the construction load is one of the effective ways. In this paper, a composite bridge with CSWs with a span of 55+100+55 m is taken as the research object. The stress distribution of main components and the stability of the CSWs in each segment during the construction process are analyzed by finite element simulation. The applicability of the construction method is verified by comparing the simulated with the test results of the practical bridge, and corresponding optimization measures are proposed. The results show that the stresses and stability within the scope of specification requirements, and the web-self-supporting cantilever construction method is safe. The transition sections between the concrete slabs and the cantilever CSWs are critical positions, which should be appropriately strengthened during construction. The arrangement of transverse braces can effectively prevent the lateral-torsional buckling of the CSWs.
Key Technology for Planning and Construction of Automated Production Lines in Large Bridge Factories
Authors: Sun Hai-peng , Song Jun
Published: November 2022

Prefabricated bridges are one of the key means to realize industrialized bridge construction. Tradi- tionally, bridge components are produced in temporary prefabricated girder yards serving a single specific project, which produce prefabricated components with limited use and low utilization rate. Therefore, the construction of permanent prefabricated production bases has gradually become the trend of the highway bridge industry. This paper discusses the planning method and construction technology of permanent precast production plants for different concrete members of highway bridges. The construction method of bridge precast plants in terms of production line selection, equipment selection and application is introduced. Eventually, the key technologies for the auto- mated production lines and construction of large bridge precast factories are systematically estab- lished to provide reference for the construction of highway bridge precast factories.
Key technologies for design and construction of deep-buried capping cofferdam in the confined water layer area of the Yellow River Basin
Authors: He Jiangping , Qi Wang , Mu Yaoqing
Published: November 2022

The Anluo Yellow River Expressway Bridge is a (110+135+520+135+110) m double-tower double- cable plane composite beam cable-stayed bridge, The main pier cap adopts the separated octagonal cap, The outer outline size of a single bearing platform is 35.6m×32.1m, the thickness is 6.0m, and it is buried 12.2m underground. The cofferdam adopts PLC combined pile[1] structure, the outer contour size is 38.6m×35.1m, and three support systems are set up. About a series of problems for platform, such as: a long period of platform construction, high risk of sudden surge in foundation pits, high safety risk of cofferdom process conversion, high risk of temperature control in the construction of mass concret. Moreover, this deeply buried platform located in the Yellow River Basion pressurized water layer., through the calculation and design of Visual modflow software, a single cofferdam is set with 12 dewatering wells and 1 observation well for continuous dewatering to improve the anti-surge stability of the foundation pit; use MIDAS software to simulate the working conditions of each process of cofferdam construction to reduce the safety risk of process conversion, and it is calculated that the strength, stiffness and embedded stability of each component of the cofferdam can meet the design requirements.
Research on Key Technology of Large Tonnage Steel Beam Fast Sliding Positioning
Authors: Zhang Wenlong , Chao Liu , Zhang Xiang
Published: November 2022

A certain bridge adopts the green design of "one span across the river", and the installation of 21 pieces of steel box girder on the south span is limited by geographical conditions, tower limb width and construction period. Innovatively developed a dedicated skid scooter, the steel box girder successfully crosses the orbit change position with the help of the windlass，move laterally to the tower area，replace the longitudinal skid scooter，move to the design bridge. In the steel beam positioning link, firstly, set bearing pre-offsetting on pier top support to circumvent the influence of steel box girder welding, shrinkage creep deformation and closure temperature difference on the displacement of beam length. After the bridge is completed, the feasibility and reliability of the research method are verified by elevation measurement, static load test and implementation process.
Research on Standardized Design of Assembled Pile-slab Road Struc- tures
Authors: Hu Ke , Zhu Yu , Liu Zhiquan , Fang Yuan
Published: November 2022

The assembled pile-slab road structure is a frame structure system composed of factory prefabri- cated plate girders and pipe piles, which has the advantages of fast construction, small footprint, and low environmental impact compared with the traditional earth roadbed. In order to develop a series of pile-slab road structures that can replace high-fill roadbeds, this paper studies the rea- sonable forms of pile-slab road structures suitable for replacing earth roadbeds in response to the needs of highway reconstruction and expansion and new construction. The reasonable form of pile-slab road structure travel lane plate is systematically analysed, and the reasonable upper and lower structure forms of pile-slab road structure are proposed. And for the need of assembly con- struction, the division method of the prefabricated sections of members is studied, and a series structure system of 6m~12m is established, which is suitable for application in road construction projects with tight land resources and has good comprehensive benefits. Finally, a standardized design method for pile-slab road structures is developed, which can provide guidance for the ap- plication of such assembled pile-slab road structures.
Construction of Flexible Waterstops on Underwater Cofferdams for Pile Caps in Bridge Projects
Authors: Zhang Junle
Published: November 2022

The water-stopping efficiency of cofferdams for pile caps is an important indicator with direct influ- ence to the quality and durability of the pile-pouring process. In recent years, a new technique fea- turing flexible capsules serving as waterstops has been introduced, but is still in experimental stage. This thesis, taking the water-stopping construction programme of underwater PC houses of the J. P. Magufuli Bridge project in Tanzania as background, analyzed the two existed types of flexible water- stopping construction methods, id est the integral and separate structures, and studied on measures for improving the flexible water-stopping construction techniques and optimizing the rubber cap- sule waterstops, in the hope of providing references and, possibly, inspirations for similar projects in the future.
Modeling and Optimization for The Tensile Properties of 3D-Printed FRP using Artificial Neural Network and Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm
Authors: Alhaddad Wael , Yahya Mohammed Almajhali Khalil , Halabi Yahia , Elhassan Mohammed
Published: November 2022

Fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) has multiple applications as a primary material or reinforcing material for the structural elements. Controlling the quality of the 3D printed FRP is critical to guarantee a FRP material of high performance. In this research, machine learning (ML) model based on data collected from experimental studies was developed by artificial neural network (ANN) to control the quality of 3D printed FRP. ANN model predicts the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) of the FRP as function of 7 material and printing parameters. The UTS of the FRP was maximized via optimizing the printing and material parameters by using artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm. ANN and ABC algorithms were coded by MATLAB. The results showed that the developed ANN model can predict with good accuracy the UTS of FRP. Moreover, it was found that the ABC optimization algorithm can design the input parameters such that a FRP with maximum UTS can be obtained.
Prediction of Concrete Column Reinforcement Corrosion Degree Under Initial Strain Based on Support Vector Regression
Authors: Wu Taotao , Chen Weizhen
Published: November 2022

Faraday's law is usually used to predict the corrosion degree of reinforced concrete column members in the electric accelerate corrosion experiment. However, this law doesn’t consider the influence of initial compressive strain on the corrosion degree. In this paper, using the experimental data of concrete column members under different initial compressive strain levels, the support vector regression (SVR) model is developed to forecast the reinforcement corrosion degree of column members. The predicted results are compared with the experimental results. The results show that when there is the initial strain in the column member, the reinforcement actual corrosion degree decreases, and the main reinforcement's actual corrosion degree is significantly less than that calculated by Faraday's law. The SVR model proposed can accurately and quantitatively reflect this phenomenon.
Numerical and Experimental Study on the Temperature Distribution of an RC Maglev Viaduct Based on Meteorological Monitoring
Authors: Wang Ao , Lei Xiaoming , Xia Ye , Sun Limin
Published: November 2022

Thermal energy exchange induces non-uniform temperature distribution on the concrete bridge structures, leading to variation of static and dynamic properties of structural systems. The finite element method can facilitate thermal simulation and predict the structural temperature distribution based on heat flow theories. Previous studies mainly focused on the daytime with sunny weather, and the effects of solar shadow distribution were not fully considered or even ignored. In this paper, a systematic all-weather thermal simulation method was proposed to investigate the temperature distributions of concrete maglev bridges. The solar shadow distribution on the bridge surface could be accurately simulated to determine the solar radiation- imposed range. A meteorological station and some thermocouples were installed on a real concrete maglev bridge to obtain the real-time structural temperatures and environmental conditions. Results show that the simulated structural temperature matches the measured results under various weather conditions. Moreover, the simulation method acquired a higher accuracy under overcast or rainy weather due to weaker solar radiation effects. The proposed methodology for temperature field simulation is oriented by all-weather prediction of structural temperature, which is reliable for concrete bridge structures with the help of accurate measurement of real- time solar radiation.