bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tunable Supramolecular Interactions of Aggregation‐Induced Emission Probe and Graphene Oxide with Biomolecules: An Approach toward Ultrasensitive Label‐Free and “Turn‐On” DNA Sensing
Authors: Wang Hui , Ma Ke , Xu Bin , Tian Wenjing
Published: September 2016

Aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) probes have shown great potential applications in fluorescent sensing of biomolecules, and the integration of AIE probe and graphene oxide (GO) attracts intense interest in developing new tools for label‐free and “turn‐on” fluorescent biomolecular analysis. Herein, an ultrasensitive label‐free and “turn‐on” DNA sensing is realized by tuning the supramolecular interactions of AIE probe and GO with DNA. The investigation of supramolecular interactions of AIE probes and GO with DNA demonstrate that AIE probe with short alkyl chains substitute shows highest binding affinity with DNA strand, and GO with low oxidation degree possesses strong binding interactions to ssDNA and the highest fluorescence quenching efficiency. As a result, the optimized AIE probes and GO‐based fluorescent sensor can selectively detect the target DNA sequence and exhibits the detection limitation as low as 0.17 × 10–9m. It is believed that the research efforts will provide an efficient approach to improve the performance of DNA sensing assay and an indepth understanding of the supramolecular interactions of AIE probes and GO with DNA, and thus facilitate their extended applications in biosensors and biomedicine.
A Silver(I)‐Estrogen Nanocluster: GSH Sensitivity and Targeting Suppression on HepG2 Cell
Authors: Shen De‐Feng , Wu Shan‐Shan , Wang Rui‐Rui , Zhang Qiang , Ren Zhong‐Juan , Liu Hong , Guo Hua‐Dong , Gao Guang‐Gang
Published: September 2016

A structure‐determined silver nanocluster of [Ag10(Eth)4(CF3COO)6(CH3OH)3]·3C­H3OH (Eth = ethisterone) (1), is firstly demonstrated by self‐assembly of silver salt and ethisterone. Due to the thiophilicity of silver(I) ions, complex 1 shows reactivity with glutathione (GSH) molecules in solution and induces the fluorescence quenching behavior. Thus, complex 1 can be used as a fluorescent sensor for GSH. In consideration of the higher level of GSH in cancerous cells, complex 1 presents significant tumor suppression reactivity toward the human hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells with IC50 value of 165 × 10−9
m. Especially, complex 1 displays 3.4‐fold higher in vitro cytotoxicity to HepG2 cells than that of the normal CCC‐HEL‐1 cells, which makes complex 1 a potential targeting suppression agent for cancerous cells. The molecular design of complex 1 not only generates a new medicine‐silver(I) cluster family, but also opens a new avenue to the targeting anticancer organosilver(I) materials.
Simplification and verification of dual potential capacity model for reinforced concrete beams subjected to shear
Authors: Lee Deuck Hang , Han Sun‐Jin , Hwang Jin‐Ha , Ju Hyunjin , Kim Kang Su
Published: September 2016

In the authors' previous study, the dual potential capacity model (DPCM) was proposed to evaluate the shear strengths of reinforced concrete (RC) members, in which the shear contributions of both the cracked tension zone and the compression zone are considered. In this paper, the main concept and formulations of the proposed DPCM were briefly introduced, and the simplified DPCM was developed for the practical application of the proposed model. A total of 1019 data sets of shear test results on RC members were collected for detailed verifications of the detailed and simplified DPCM. The verification results demonstrated that the proposed models can appropriately assess the effects of key influential factors including compressive strength of concrete, shear span‐to‐depth ratio, size of coarse aggregate, sizes of members, and shear reinforcement on the shear strengths of RC members.
Chiral Bidentate NHC Ligands Based on the 1,1′‐Binaphthyl Scaffold: Synthesis and Application in Transition‐Metal‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions
Authors: Xu Qin , Gu Peng , Jiang Hanchun , Wei Yin , Shi Min
Published: September 2016

The use of the chiral 1,1′‐binaphthyl scaffold to construct chiral ligands can be traced back for a long time. However, the development of bidentate NHC ligands based on the same backbone has only appeared recently. In this account, we describe the design and synthesis of a new family of chiral NHC ligands based on the 1,1′‐binaphthyl scaffold and demonstrate the applications of these chiral NHC–metal complexes in the catalyzed oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols, asymmetric carbon–carbon bond formations, hydrosilylations, and cyclizations of 1,6‐enynes. The chiral NHC ligands containing the 1,1′‐binaphthyl backbone can be synthesized in good yields from enantiomerically pure 1,1′‐binaphthyl‐2,2′‐diamine. These transition metals coordinated with chiral bidentate NHC ligands exhibit high catalytic activities and good enantioselectivities for a wide range of metal‐catalyzed asymmetric reactions.

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Prostate cancer management: the times they are a‐changin'
Authors: Kirby Roger
Published: September 2016

The prospects for men with prostate cancer have been transformed recently with advances in diagnostics and treatment approaches.
The management of hypersexuality in men
Authors: Winder Belinda
Published: September 2016

Hypersexuality and its associates (sexual preoccupation and sexual compulsivity) may cause men who live with these disorders severe anxiety and distress. Moreover, hypersexuality is linked to deviant sexual interests, risky sexual behaviours and, potentially, criminal acts. In this article the author describes the nature of hypersexuality and how it can be managed.
Diagnosis and management of penile cancer
Authors: Kane Clare , Sellers Laura , Miller Rowan
Published: September 2016

Cancer of the penis is rare, but if caught early has a good prognosis. In this article the authors discuss the epidemiology, risk factors, presentation features and management of penile cancer.
Screening for lung cancer – are we nearly there yet?
Authors: Ruparel Mamta , Janes Samuel
Published: September 2016

Lung cancer remains a significant disease in men in the UK and worldwide. It is often diagnosed late when treatment options are limited. Early diagnosis is key. In this article the authors discuss the latest techniques in diagnosing lung cancer and the potential benefits of a lung cancer screening programme.
Statistical wind direction modeling for the analysis of large scale wind power generation
Authors: Koivisto Matti , Ekström Jussi , Mellin Ilkka , Millar John , Lehtonen Matti
Published: September 2016

Understanding the effects of large‐scale wind power generation on the electric power system is growing in importance as the amount of installed generation increases. In addition to wind speed, the direction of the wind is important when considering wind farms, as the aggregate generation of the farm depends on the direction of the wind. This paper introduces the wrapped Gaussian vector autoregressive process for the statistical modeling of wind directions in multiple locations. The model is estimated using measured wind direction data from Finland. The presented methodology can be used to model new locations without wind direction measurements. This capability is tested with two locations that were left out of the estimation procedure. Through long‐term Monte Carlo simulations, the methodology is used to analyze two large‐scale wind power scenarios with different geographical distributions of installed generation. Wind generation data are simulated for each wind farm using wind direction and wind speed simulations and technical wind farm information. It is shown that, compared with only using wind speed data in simulations, the inclusion of simulated wind directions enables a more detailed analysis of the aggregate wind generation probability distribution. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring of Anionic Surfactants in a Wastewater Treatment Plant of Algiers Western Region by a Simplified Spectrophotometric Method
Authors: Ahmia A. C. , Idouhar M. , Arous O. , Sini K. , Ferradj A. , Tazerouti A.
Published: September 2016

Evaluation of anionic surfactant (AS) quantities in the environment has been the subject of intensive worldwide investigation. Even so, significant questions related to their presence in Algerian wastewaters discharged into the Mediterranean Sea remain. For the first time, monitoring of AS in a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) located about 30 km west of Algiers was carried out. Four sampling points were selected to inspect the behavior of AS and investigate surfactant removal efficiencies of the WWTP: untreated wastewaters (UW), samples clarified via primary treatment, samples biologically treated and treated waters. To achieve this work, a spectrophotometric method of AS determination has been developed. Dioctyl sulfosuccinate sodium was chosen as a reference because of its low costs and its high response, compared to other AS commonly used by this method. The effects of pH, time of extraction, and washing step were studied. The volume of solvent was optimized. The calibration curve was linear and exhibited a significant coefficient of correlation. The lower limit of detection was found to be around 10−6 M. Mechanical and biological treatments remove 53 % of AS from wastewaters before being discharged into the aquatic environment. It was found that the concentration of AS discharged into the Mediterranean Sea in the studied region reaches 10−4 M.
Comportements alimentaires en Gaule du Nord : étude isotopique du site de l'Îlot de la Boucherie (iiie–ve siècles apr. J.-C.) à Amiens
Authors: Mion L. , Herrscher E. , Blondiaux J. , Binet E. , Andre G.
Published: September 2016

L'analyse des comportements alimentaires constitue un indicateur permettant d'approcher les transformations des modes de vie ou encore les processus d'acculturation des populations au cours du temps. C'est notamment dans le contexte particulier de la Gaule du Nord, entre le IIIe siècle et le début du ve siècle apr. J.-C., qu'une étude des pratiques alimentaires a été entreprise afin de cerner l'impact de la romanisation sur ces habitudes. Cette étude propose de contribuer à cette question par l'analyse des isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote (δ13C et δ15N) contenus dans les phases organique et minérale des dents et des os de sujets adultes provenant du site de l'Îlot de la Boucherie à Amiens (Somme). Les objectifs sont de définir le régime alimentaire et de décrire son évolution au cours de la vie des individus. Les sujets échantillonnés (n = 33) forment un groupe aux habitudes alimentaires peu disparates qui ne varient pas entre l'enfance et l'âge adulte. La comparaison des valeurs de δ13C entre les sujets humains et les animaux domestiques (n = 28) met en évidence un enrichissement important en 13C dans les tissus humains lié soit à la consommation d'une ressource de type C4 comme le millet, soit à celle de ressources marines de faible niveau trophique (fruits de mer). Les valeurs de δ15N des humains relativement basses laissent supposer une alimentation contenant peu de protéines animales. Le régime alimentaire décrit pour cette population se distingue des résultats publiés pour le reste de l'Empire romain.
Clinical Utility of the Envelope Task in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Dementia
Authors: Marcone Sonia , Gagnon Jean-François , Lecomte Sarah , Imbeault Hélène , Limoges Frédérique , Postuma Ronald B. , Bertrand Josie-Anne , Joubert Sven , Rouleau Isabelle
Published: September 2016

Objective:Prospective memory (PM) is a cognitive function defined as the ability to perform an intention at an appropriate moment in the future. In the aging population, PM is essential for maintaining independent daily living. Introduced as a simple and quick way to assess PM in clinical settings, the envelope task has to date received very limited empirical and practical interest.Methods:The present study investigated the task’s clinical utility in detecting PM impairment in a sample composed of 49 healthy older adults (OA), 41 patients with Alzheimer’s disease, and 64 individuals with amnestic and nonamnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of heterogeneous etiology: 17 of idiopathic nature, 20 presenting an idiopathic rapid-eye movement sleep behaviour disorder, and 27 patients diagnosed with idiopathic Parkinson’s disease.Results:The envelope task was highly sensitive and specific in discriminating Alzheimer’s disease patients from OA. Although it was specific in distinguishing MCI individuals from OA, its sensitivity was modest, especially in patients presenting a nonamnestic MCI subtype.Conclusions:Given its high specificity and simple low-cost administration procedure, the envelope task is a promising instrument for clinicians who seek to rapidly assess PM impairment in their daily practice.
InappropriateClostridium difficileTesting and Consequent Overtreatment and Inaccurate Publicly Reported Metrics
Authors: Kelly Sean G. , Yarrington Michael , Zembower Teresa R. , Sutton Sarah H. , Silkaitis Christina , Postelnick Michael , Mikolajczak Anessa , Bolon Maureen K.
Published: September 2016

BACKGROUND

The nationally reported metric forClostridium difficileinfection (CDI) relies solely on laboratory testing, which can result in overreporting due to asymptomaticC. difficilecolonization.

OBJECTIVE

To review the clinical scenarios of cases of healthcare facility-onset CDI (HO-CDI) and to determine the appropriateness ofC. difficiletesting on the basis of presence of symptomatic diarrhea in order to identify areas for improvement.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study.

SETTING

Northwestern Memorial Hospital, a large, tertiary academic hospital in Chicago, Illinois.

PATIENTS

The cohort included all patients with a positiveC. difficiletest result who were reported to the National Healthcare Safety Network as HO-CDI during a 1-year study period.

METHODS

We reviewed the clinical scenario of each HO-CDI case. On the basis of documentation and predefined criteria, appropriateness ofC. difficiletesting was determined; cases were deemed appropriate, inappropriate, or indeterminate. Statistical analysis was performed to compare demographic and clinical parameters among the categories of testing appropriateness.

RESULTS

Our facility reported 168 HO-CDI cases to NHSN during the study period. Of 168 cases, 33 (19.6%) were judged to be appropriate tests, 25 (14.8%) were considered inappropriate, and 110 (65.5%) were indeterminate. Elimination of inappropriate testing would have improved our facility’s standardized infection ratio from 0.962 to 0.819.

CONCLUSION

Approximately 15% of HO-CDI cases were judged to be tested inappropriately. Testing only patients with clinically significant diarrhea would more accurately estimate CDI incidence, reduce unnecessary antibiotic use, and improve facilities’ performance of reportable CDI metrics. Improved documentation could facilitate targeted interventions.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol2016;1395–1400
Explicit solutions for a probabilistic moraine preservation model
Authors: MUZIKAR PAUL
Published: September 2016

If a series of glacial advances occurs over the same pathway, the moraines that are now present may constitute an incomplete record of the total history. This is because a given advance can destroy the moraine left by a previous one, if the previous advance was less extensive. Gibbons, Megeath and Pierce (GMP) formulated an elegant stochastic model for this process; the key quantity in their analysis is $\bi P(n\vert N)$, the probability that n moraines are preserved after N glacial advances. In their paper, GMP derive a recursion formula satisfied by $\bi P(n\vert N)$, and use this formula to compute values of P for a range of values of n and N. In the present paper, we derive an explicit general answer for $\bi P(n\vert N)$, and show explicit, exact results for the mean value and standard deviation of n. We use these results to develop more insight into the consequences of the GMP model; for example, to a good approximation, 〈n〉 increases as ln(N). We explain how a Bayesian approach can be used to analyze $\bi P(N\vert n)$, the probability that there were N advances, given that we now observe n moraines.
Public Religion and Secularization in England: Defending Bryan R. Wilson
Authors: Bruce Steve
Published: September 2016

Matthew Wood’s recent article in theEuropean Journal of Sociologyis a useful addition to the secularization debate. There is value in studying ways in which religious organizations now attempt to re-enter the public arena and the secularizing consequences of such activity. However, there is no justification for framing that case as an indictment of either Bryan R. Wilson’s original 1966 presentation of the modern sociological secularization theory or the subsequent work of others in the same paradigm. This rejoinder explains Wilson’s apparent assuming rather than demonstrating the declining influence of religious institutions and concludes that his work can be augmented without asserting that he had missed something which fundamentally alters the secularization approach to religious change.
HEREDITARY TORSION THEORIES OF A LOCALLY NOETHERIAN GROTHENDIECK CATEGORY
Authors: AHMADI KAIVAN , SAZEEDEH REZA
Published: September 2016

Let${\mathcal{A}}$be a locally noetherian Grothendieck category. We construct closure operators on the lattice of subcategories of${\mathcal{A}}$and the lattice of subsets of$\text{ASpec}\,{\mathcal{A}}$in terms of associated atoms. This establishes a one-to-one correspondence between hereditary torsion theories of${\mathcal{A}}$and closed subsets of$\text{ASpec}\,{\mathcal{A}}$. If${\mathcal{A}}$is locally stable, then the hereditary torsion theories can be studied locally. In this case, we show that the topological space$\text{ASpec}\,{\mathcal{A}}$is Alexandroff.
RAMANUJAN CAYLEY GRAPHS OF FROBENIUS GROUPS
Authors: HIRANO MIKI , KATATA KOHEI , YAMASAKI YOSHINORI
Published: September 2016

We determine a bound for the valency in a family of dihedrants of twice odd prime orders which guarantees that the Cayley graphs are Ramanujan graphs. We take two families of Cayley graphs with the underlying dihedral group of order $2p$: one is the family of all Cayley graphs and the other is the family of normal ones. In the normal case, which is easier, we discuss the problem for a wider class of groups, the Frobenius groups. The result for the family of all Cayley graphs is similar to that for circulants: the prime $p$ is ‘exceptional’ if and only if it is represented by one of six specific quadratic polynomials.
A NOTE ON JEŚMANOWICZ’ CONJECTURE CONCERNING PRIMITIVE PYTHAGOREAN TRIPLES
Authors: DENG MOU-JIE , HUANG DONG-MING
Published: September 2016

Let $a,b,c$ be a primitive Pythagorean triple and set $a=m^{2}-n^{2},b=2mn,c=m^{2}+n^{2}$, where $m$ and $n$ are positive integers with $m>n$, $\text{gcd}(m,n)=1$ and $m\not \equiv n~(\text{mod}~2)$. In 1956, Jeśmanowicz conjectured that the only positive integer solution to the Diophantine equation $(m^{2}-n^{2})^{x}+(2mn)^{y}=(m^{2}+n^{2})^{z}$ is $(x,y,z)=(2,2,2)$. We use biquadratic character theory to investigate the case with $(m,n)\equiv (2,3)~(\text{mod}~4)$. We show that Jeśmanowicz’ conjecture is true in this case if $m+n\not \equiv 1~(\text{mod}~16)$ or $y>1$. Finally, using these results together with Laurent’s refinement of Baker’s theorem, we show that Jeśmanowicz’ conjecture is true if $(m,n)\equiv (2,3)~(\text{mod}~4)$ and $n<100$.
Skin impressions of the last European dinosaurs
Authors: FONDEVILLA VÍCTOR , VILA BERNAT , OMS ORIOL , GALOBART ÀNGEL
Published: September 2016

Southwestern Europe is one of the best regions for characterizing the dinosaur assemblages that prevailed just before the end-Cretaceous extinction. Aiming to better document this scenario, we provide the first evidence of dinosaur skin impressions in the red-beds of the Tremp Formation (southern Pyrenees). The impressions are assigned to sauropods (probably titanosaurians) on the basis of their scale morphology, arrangement and size. They represent a valuable tool for analysing the last occurrences of the sauropod clade before the K–Pg extinction, as they fall within chron C29r (latest Maastrichtian), thus representing some of the lastin situremains of this clade worldwide.
Health informatics model for helminthiasis in Thailand
Authors: Nithikathkul C. , Trevanich A. , Wongsaroj T. , Wongsawad C. , Reungsang P.
Published: September 2016

At the beginning of the new millennium, helminth infections continue to be prevalent, particularly among impoverished populations. This study attempts to create the first health informatics model of helminthiasis in Thailand. The authors investigate how a health informatics model could be used to predict the control and eradication in a national control campaign. Fish-borne helminthiasis caused by Opisthorchis viverrini remains a major public health problem in many parts of South-East Asia, including Thailand, Lao PDR, Vietnam and Cambodia. The epicentre of this disease is located in north-east Thailand, where high prevalence coexists with a high incidence of cholangiocarcinoma (CHCA). The current report was conducted to determine a mathematical model of surveillance for helminthiasis while also using a geographic information system. The fish-borne helminthiasis model or the predicted equation was Y1 = 3.028 + 0.020 (elevation) – 2.098 (clay). For soil-transmitted helminthiasis, the mathematical model or the predicted equation was Y2 = −1.559 + 0.005 (rainfall) + 0.004 (elevation) − 2.198 (clay). The Ministry of Public Health has concluded that mass treatment for helminthiasis in the Thai population, targeting high-risk individuals, may be a cost-effective way to allocate limited funds. This type of approach, as well as further study on the correlation of clinical symptoms with environmental and geographic information, may offer a novel strategy to the helminth crisis.
From the Iron Age to early cities at Sri Ksetra and Beikthano, Myanmar
Authors: Stargardt Janice
Published: September 2016

This article traces the evolutionary record of urbanism at two sites in Myanmar: their transition from late prehistory inc. second to first century BCE to proto-urban and fully urban development at Sri Ksetra and Beikthano by the mid-first millennium CE. The Pyu cities are remarkable because of their spatial continuity, for their early achievements in water control, iron production, ritual and domestic ceramics, brick monumental architecture, rich funerary culture, literacy and adoption of Buddhism on both elite and popular levels. Though the radiocarbon dates for Pyu urbanism are at present earlier, they share many features with other urbanising societies in mainland Southeast Asia, where new chronologies are emerging for social and economic complexity at Dvaravati, Pre-Angkorian and Co Loa sites. The article provides new and specific evidence on the dates and types of contacts between the Pyu, India, and other areas of Southeast Asia to interrogate the meaning of Indianisation in Southeast Asia.
Sites, survey, and ceramics: Settlement patterns of the first to ninth centuries CE in the Upper Mun River Valley, northeast Thailand
Authors: Evans Caitlin , Chang Nigel , Shimizu Naho
Published: September 2016

Our understanding of the transition from the last centuries of prehistory to the Pre-Angkorian period in northeast Thailand has been limited by a lack of projects bridging both periods. This article examines settlement patterns of the first to the ninth centuries CE in the Upper Mun River Valley based on recent (2012–14) surveys. The findings highlight the gradual settlement trends in the region, with a focus on local modification rather than the sudden adoption of external ideas. Results reinforce the fourth to sixth centuries CE as a pivotal period, when large centres consolidated and cautiously expanded upriver, into previously uninhabited regions. A relatively modest, flexible, and resilient settlement strategy developed, attuned to wider supra-regional trends, but allowing for the demands of the local cultural and physical landscape.
Phum Lovea: A moated precursor to the pura of Cambodia? Sociopolitical transformation from Iron Age settlements to early state society
Authors: O'Reilly Dougald , Shewan Louise
Published: September 2016

The understanding of Angkorian pre-state society has been greatly enhanced by an increase in archaeological investigation in recent years. From excavations conducted at Cambodian Iron Age sites we have evidence that attests to a transformative period characterised by increasing sociopolitical complexity, intensified inter- and trans-regional mercantile activity, differential access to resources, social conflict, technological transfer and developments in site morphology. Among the growing corpus of Iron Age sites excavated, Phum Lovea, on the periphery of Angkor, is uniquely placed to provide insight into increasing sociopolitical complexity in this area. The site is one of the few prehistoric moated settlements known in Cambodia and the only one to date to have been excavated. Excavation of the site has revealed an Iron Age agrarian settlement whose occupants engaged in trade and exchange networks, craft specialisation, metal production, and emergent water management strategies. These attributes can be seen as antecedent to the profound developments that characterise the first millennium CE polity centred on Angkor.
Religiosity, race/ethnicity, and alcohol use behaviors in the United States
Authors: Meyers J. L. , Brown Q. , Grant B. F. , Hasin D.
Published: September 2016

Background

Religiosity is a protective factor against many health problems, including alcohol use disorders (AUD). Studies suggest that religiosity has greater buffering effects on mental health problems among US Blacks and Hispanics than Whites. However, whether race/ethnic differences exist in the associations of religiosity, alcohol consumption and AUD is unclear.

Method

Using 2004–2005 NESARC data (analytic n = 21 965), we examined the relationship of public religiosity (i.e. frequency of service attendance, religious social group size), and intrinsic religiosity (i.e. importance of religious/spiritual beliefs) to frequency of alcohol use and DSM-IV AUD in non-Hispanic (NH) Blacks, Hispanics and NH Whites, and whether associations differed by self-identified race/ethnicity.

Results

Only public religiosity was related to AUD. Frequency of religious service attendance was inversely associated with AUD (NH Whites β: −0.103, p < 0.001; NH Blacks β: −0.115, p < 0.001; Hispanics β: −0.096, p < 0.001). This association was more robust for NH Blacks as compared with NH Whites and Hispanics (interaction β: 0.025, p < 0.001). Among NH Whites, higher intrinsic religiosity was inversely associated with alcohol use frequency (β: −0.143, p < 0.001). These effects were more robust among NH Whites (interaction (β: 0.072, p < 0.033) than for NH Blacks (β: −0.080, p > 0.05) or Hispanics (β: −0.002, p > 0.05).

Conclusions

US adults reporting greater public religiosity were at lower risk for AUD. Public religiosity may be particularly important among NH Blacks, while intrinsic religiosity may be particularly important among NH Whites, and among Hispanics who frequently attend religious services. Findings may be explained by variation in drinking-related norms observed among these groups generally, and in the context of specific religious institutions.
Plasma-filled diode with a rod anode for repetitive pulsed X-ray sources
Authors: Kovalchuk B.M. , Zherlitsyn A.A. , Tsoy N.V.
Published: September 2016

The paper presents a cylindrical diode with a rod anode for repetitive pulsed intense X-ray sources. The diode uses a massive anode of diameter 1 cm, thus increasing the lifetime of the energy converter. The diode gap is preliminary filled with ions produced by cathode flare in a vacuum discharge, allowing electron beam pinching at a voltage of <200 kV. In the mode of pinching, the diode is an efficient source of high-power X rays. At a distance of 20 cm from the X-ray source, the radiation dose per pulse is 0.4 R at a peak power of 7 × 106 R/s. The full-width at half-maximum of the radiation pulse is 40 ns. The power in the diode is 1.8 GW at a beam current of 10 kA and exceeds the maximum power of the generator operating onto a matched load with constant resistance.
Discrepancies among Measures of Executive Functioning in a Subsample of Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumor: Associations with Treatment Intensity
Authors: McCurdy Mark D. , Turner Elise M. , Barakat Lamia P. , Hobbie Wendy L. , Deatrick Janet A. , Paltin Iris , Fisher Michael J. , Hocking Matthew C.
Published: September 2016

Objectives:Treatments for childhood brain tumors (BT) confer substantial risks to neurological development and contribute to neuropsychological deficits in young adulthood. Evidence suggests that individuals who experience more significant neurological insult may lack insight into their neurocognitive limitations. The present study compared survivor, mother, and performance-based estimates of executive functioning (EF), and their associations with treatment intensity history in a subsample of young adult survivors of childhood BTs.Methods:Thirty-four survivors (52.9% female), aged 18 to 30 years (M=23.5;SD=3.4), 16.1 years post-diagnosis (SD=5.9), were administered self-report and performance-based EF measures. Mothers also rated survivor EF skills. Survivors were classified by treatment intensity history into Minimal, Average/Moderate, or Intensive/Most-Intensive groups. Discrepancies among survivor, mother, and performance-based EF estimates were compared.Results:Survivor-reported and performance-based measures were not correlated, although significant associations were found between mother-reported and performance measures. Survivors in the Intensive/Most-Intensive treatment group evidenced the greatest score discrepancies, reporting less executive dysfunction relative to mother-reportedF(2,31)=7.81,p<.01, and performance-based measuresF(14,50)=2.54,p<.05. Conversely, survivors in the Minimal treatment group reported greater EF difficulties relative to motherst(8)=2.82,p<.05, but not performance-based estimates (ps>.05).Conclusions:There may be a lack of agreement among survivor, mother, and performance-based estimates of EF skills in young adult survivors of childhood BT, and these discrepancies may be associated with treatment intensity history. Neuropsychologists should use a multi-method, multi-reporter approach to assessment of EF in this population. Providers also should be aware of these discrepancies as they may be a barrier to intervention efforts. (JINS, 2016,22, 900–910)
L2 Proficiency matters in comparative L1/L2 processing research
Authors: KEATING GREGORY D.
Published: September 2016

Grammatical processing in a second language (L2) that is learned in adulthood has been shown to differ from processing in a first/native language (L1). Clahsen and Felser's (2006) landmark article provided the first comprehensive account of these differences. According to their shallow structure hypothesis (SSH), L2 learners, unlike L1 speakers, do not compute abstract, hierarchical representations during online sentence comprehension; instead, they rely on lexical, semantic, and pragmatic information to build ‘good enough’ representations. However, native-like processing is attainable – with sufficient L2 proficiency – for word-level processing and morphosyntactic feature processing between locally related words. Clahsen and Felser's article spurred a prolific volume of research over the last decade. Some findings support the SSH, whereas others favor the competing claim that L1/L2 differences result from capacity-based limitations.
Individual differences and retrieval interference in L2 Processing
Authors: MONTRUL SILVINA , TANNER DARREN S.
Published: September 2016

Cunnings’ keynote article outlines a novel approach to native/non-native differences in on-line language comprehension by proposing that L2 speakers are more susceptible to cue-based retrieval interference than natives. Cue-based, parallel access approaches to processing have been prominent in monolingual studies for around 15 years now, but have barely been applied to L2/bilingual processing. We are particularly excited about the possibilities that this approach offers for understanding L1, L2 and bilingual processing, as well as individual differences. In this commentary, we focus on two issues: 1) whether the existing evidence for cue-based retrial mechanisms in L2 processing support a deficit model, as Cunnings seems to claim, and 2) how individual differences may explain both similarities and differences in L1 and L2 processing.
Antipsychotika-induzierte tardive Bewegungsstörungen – Fallbeispiel einer tardiven Dystonie unter Aripiprazol und Literaturübersicht
Authors: Pitzer Martina , Engelmann Guido , Stammschulte Thomas
Published: September 2016

Zusammenfassung. Extrapyramidalmotorische Nebenwirkungen (EPMS) werden im Vergleich zu Antipsychotika der ersten Generation (FGA) unter Antipsychotika der zweiten Generation (SGA) seltener beschrieben. Dies scheint bei Erwachsenen auch tardive Dyskinesien (TDs) einzuschließen, jedoch nicht tardive Dystonien (TDts). Bei Kindern und Jugendlichen wurde unter FGA eine TD seltener beobachtet als bei Erwachsenen. Zur TDt existieren keine Daten. Unter SGA finden sich zu tardiven Bewegungsstörungen bei Kindern und Jugendlichen nur wenige und widersprüchliche Angaben. SGA unterscheiden sich in ihrem Nebenwirkungsprofil. Dabei verursacht Aripiprazol zwar weniger metabolische und kardiale Nebenwirkungen, verglichen mit anderen SGA bei Kindern und Jugendlichen jedoch relativ häufig EPMS. Bisher wurden TDs oder TDts unter Aripiprazol nur bei Erwachsenen beschrieben. Anhand des Fallberichts einer TDt unter Aripiprazol bei einer 13-jährigen Patientin werden Symptomatik, Differentialdiagnostik, Pathophysiologie, Prävalenz und Therapie tardiver Dystonien dargestellt. Unter Medikation mit SGA sollte das mögliche Auftreten von EPMS einschließlich tardiver Bewegungsstörungen berücksichtigt und klinisch regelmäßig überprüft werden.
Emerging flexible and wearable physical sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications
Authors: Kenry  , Yeo Joo Chuan , Lim Chwee Teck
Published: September 2016

There are now numerous emerging flexible and wearable sensing technologies that can perform a myriad of physical and physiological measurements. Rapid advances in developing and implementing such sensors in the last several years have demonstrated the growing significance and potential utility of this unique class of sensing platforms. Applications include wearable consumer electronics, soft robotics, medical prosthetics, electronic skin, and health monitoring. In this review, we provide a state-of-the-art overview of the emerging flexible and wearable sensing platforms for healthcare and biomedical applications. We first introduce the selection of flexible and stretchable materials and the fabrication of sensors based on these materials. We then compare the different solid-state and liquid-state physical sensing platforms and examine the mechanical deformation-based working mechanisms of these sensors. We also highlight some of the exciting applications of flexible and wearable physical sensors in emerging healthcare and biomedical applications, in particular for artificial electronic skins, physiological health monitoring and assessment, and therapeutic and drug delivery. Finally, we conclude this review by offering some insight into the challenges and opportunities facing this field.
Ferroelectricity by Bose–Einstein condensation in a quantum magnet
Authors: Kimura S. , Kakihata K. , Sawada Y. , Watanabe K. , Matsumoto M. , Hagiwara M. , Tanaka H.
Published: September 2016

The Bose–Einstein condensation is a fascinating phenomenon, which results from quantum statistics for identical particles with an integer spin. Surprising properties, such as superfluidity, vortex quantization or Josephson effect, appear owing to the macroscopic quantum coherence, which spontaneously develops in Bose–Einstein condensates. Realization of Bose–Einstein condensation is not restricted in fluids like liquid helium, a superconducting phase of paired electrons in a metal and laser-cooled dilute alkali atoms. Bosonic quasi-particles like exciton-polariton and magnon in solids-state systems can also undergo Bose–Einstein condensation in certain conditions. Here, we report that the quantum coherence in Bose–Einstein condensate of the magnon quasi particles yields spontaneous electric polarization in the quantum magnet TlCuCl3, leading to remarkable magnetoelectric effect. Very soft ferroelectricity is realized as a consequence of the O(2) symmetry breaking by magnon Bose–Einstein condensation. The finding of this ferroelectricity will open a new window to explore multi-functionality of quantum magnets.
Optimization of hierarchical structure and nanoscale-enabled plasmonic refraction for window electrodes in photovoltaics
Authors: Han Bing , Peng Qiang , Li Ruopeng , Rong Qikun , Ding Yang , Akinoglu Eser Metin , Wu Xueyuan , Wang Xin , Lu Xubing , Wang Qianming , Zhou Guofu , Liu Jun-Ming , Ren Zhifeng , Giersig Michael , Herczynski Andrzej , Kempa Krzysztof , Gao Jinwei
Published: September 2016

An ideal network window electrode for photovoltaic applications should provide an optimal surface coverage, a uniform current density into and/or from a substrate, and a minimum of the overall resistance for a given shading ratio. Here we show that metallic networks with quasi-fractal structure provides a near-perfect practical realization of such an ideal electrode. We find that a leaf venation network, which possesses key characteristics of the optimal structure, indeed outperforms other networks. We further show that elements of hierarchal topology, rather than details of the branching geometry, are of primary importance in optimizing the networks, and demonstrate this experimentally on five model artificial hierarchical networks of varied levels of complexity. In addition to these structural effects, networks containing nanowires are shown to acquire transparency exceeding the geometric constraint due to the plasmonic refraction.
The RNA-binding protein vigilin regulates VLDL secretion through modulation of Apob mRNA translation
Authors: Mobin Mehrpouya B. , Gerstberger Stefanie , Teupser Daniel , Campana Benedetta , Charisse Klaus , Heim Markus H. , Manoharan Muthiah , Tuschl Thomas , Stoffel Markus
Published: September 2016

The liver is essential for the synthesis of plasma proteins and integration of lipid metabolism. While the role of transcriptional networks in these processes is increasingly understood, less is known about post-transcriptional control of gene expression by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). Here, we show that the RBP vigilin is upregulated in livers of obese mice and in patients with fatty liver disease. By usingin vivo, biochemical and genomic approaches, we demonstrate that vigilin controls very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) secretion through the modulation of apolipoproteinB/ApobmRNA translation. Crosslinking studies reveal that vigilin binds to CU-rich regions in the mRNA coding sequence ofApoband other proatherogenic secreted proteins, including apolipoproteinC-III/Apoc3and fibronectin/Fn1. Consequently, hepatic vigilin knockdown decreases VLDL/low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels and formation of atherosclerotic plaques inLdlr−/−mice. These studies uncover a role for vigilin as a key regulator of hepaticApobtranslation and demonstrate the therapeutic potential of inhibiting vigilin for cardiovascular diseases.
Nutrient enrichment induces dormancy and decreases diversity of active bacteria in salt marsh sediments
Authors: Kearns Patrick J. , Angell John H. , Howard Evan M. , Deegan Linda A. , Stanley Rachel H. R. , Bowen Jennifer L.
Published: September 2016

Microorganisms control key biogeochemical pathways, thus changes in microbial diversity, community structure and activity can affect ecosystem response to environmental drivers. Understanding factors that control the proportion of active microbes in the environment and how they vary when perturbed is critical to anticipating ecosystem response to global change. Increasing supplies of anthropogenic nitrogen to ecosystems globally makes it imperative that we understand how nutrient supply alters active microbial communities. Here we show that nitrogen additions to salt marshes cause a shift in the active microbial community despite no change in the total community. The active community shift causes the proportion of dormant microbial taxa to double, from 45 to 90%, and induces diversity loss in the active portion of the community. Our results suggest that perturbations to salt marshes can drastically alter active microbial communities, however these communities may remain resilient by protecting total diversity through increased dormancy.
FHF-independent conduction of action potentials along the leak-resistant cerebellar granule cell axon
Authors: Dover Katarzyna , Marra Christopher , Solinas Sergio , Popovic Marko , Subramaniyam Sathyaa , Zecevic Dejan , D’Angelo Egidio , Goldfarb Mitchell
Published: September 2016

Neurons in vertebrate central nervous systems initiate and conduct sodium action potentials in distinct subcellular compartments that differ architecturally and electrically. Here, we report several unanticipated passive and active properties of the cerebellar granule cell’s unmyelinated axon. Whereas spike initiation at the axon initial segment relies on sodium channel (Nav)-associated fibroblast growth factor homologous factor (FHF) proteins to delay Nav inactivation, distal axonal Navs show little FHF association or FHF requirement for high-frequency transmission, velocity and waveforms of conducting action potentials. In addition, leak conductance density along the distal axon is estimated as <1% that of somatodendritic membrane. The faster inactivation rate of FHF-free Navs together with very low axonal leak conductance serves to minimize ionic fluxes and energetic demand during repetitive spike conduction and at rest. The absence of FHFs from Navs at nodes of Ranvier in the central nervous system suggests a similar mechanism of current flux minimization along myelinated axons.
See–saw relationship of the Holocene East Asian–Australian summer monsoon
Authors: Eroglu Deniz , McRobie Fiona H. , Ozken Ibrahim , Stemler Thomas , Wyrwoll Karl-Heinz , Breitenbach Sebastian F. M. , Marwan Norbert , Kurths Jürgen
Published: September 2016

The East Asian–Indonesian–Australian summer monsoon (EAIASM) links the Earth’s hemispheres and provides a heat source that drives global circulation. At seasonal and inter-seasonal timescales, the summer monsoon of one hemisphere is linked via outflows from the winter monsoon of the opposing hemisphere. Long-term phase relationships between the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) and the Indonesian–Australian summer monsoon (IASM) are poorly understood, raising questions of long-term adjustments to future greenhouse-triggered climate change and whether these changes could ‘lock in’ possible IASM and EASM phase relationships in a region dependent on monsoonal rainfall. Here we show that a newly developed nonlinear time series analysis technique allows confident identification of strong versus weak monsoon phases at millennial to sub-centennial timescales. We find a see–saw relationship over the last 9,000 years—with strong and weak monsoons opposingly phased and triggered by solar variations. Our results provide insights into centennial- to millennial-scale relationships within the wider EAIASM regime.
De novo transcriptome assembly databases for the butterfly orchid Phalaenopsis equestris
Authors: Niu Shan-Ce , Xu Qing , Zhang Guo-Qiang , Zhang Yong-Qiang , Tsai Wen-Chieh , Hsu Jui-Ling , Liang Chieh-Kai , Luo Yi-Bo , Liu Zhong-Jian
Published: September 2016

Orchids are renowned for their spectacular flowers and ecological adaptations. After the sequencing of the genome of the tropical epiphytic orchid Phalaenopsis equestris, we combined Illumina HiSeq2000 for RNA-Seq and Trinity for de novo assembly to characterize the transcriptomes for 11 diverse P. equestris tissues representing the root, stem, leaf, flower buds, column, lip, petal, sepal and three developmental stages of seeds. Our aims were to contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms driving the analysed tissue characteristics and to enrich the available data for P. equestris. Here, we present three databases. The first dataset is the RNA-Seq raw reads, which can be used to execute new experiments with different analysis approaches. The other two datasets allow different types of searches for candidate homologues. The second dataset includes the sets of assembled unigenes and predicted coding sequences and proteins, enabling a sequence-based search. The third dataset consists of the annotation results of the aligned unigenes versus the Nonredundant (Nr) protein database, Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) databases with low e-values, enabling a name-based search.
Long-term data set of small mammals from owl pellets in the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition area
Authors: Escribano Nora , Galicia David , Ariño Arturo H. , Escala Carmen
Published: September 2016

We describe the pellet sampling data set from the Vertebrate Collection of the Museum of Zoology of the University of Navarra. This data set compiles all information about small mammals obtained from the analysis of owl pellets. The collection consists on skulls, mandibles, and some skeletons of 36 species of more than 72,000 georeferenced specimens. These specimens come from the Iberian Peninsula although most samples were collected in Navarra, a highly diverse transitional area of 10,000 kilometre square sitting across three biogeographical regions. The collection spans more than forty years and is still growing as a result of the establishment of a barn owl pellet monitoring network in 2015. The program will provide critical information about the evolution of the small mammals’ community in this transition zone as it changes over time.
The Harvard organic photovoltaic dataset
Authors: Lopez Steven A. , Pyzer-Knapp Edward O. , Simm Gregor N. , Lutzow Trevor , Li Kewei , Seress Laszlo R. , Hachmann Johannes , Aspuru-Guzik Alán
Published: September 2016

The Harvard Organic Photovoltaic Dataset (HOPV15) presented in this work is a collation of experimental photovoltaic data from the literature, and corresponding quantum-chemical calculations performed over a range of conformers, each with quantum chemical results using a variety of density functionals and basis sets. It is anticipated that this dataset will be of use in both relating electronic structure calculations to experimental observations through the generation of calibration schemes, as well as for the creation of new semi-empirical methods and the benchmarking of current and future model chemistries for organic electronic applications.