bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analytics for multiperiod risk‐averse newsvendor under nonstationary demands
Authors: Yu Yugang , Wang Ting , Shi Ye
Published: November 2021

Based on the practice of a Chinese food manufacturer, this article develops a predictive and prescriptive analytics research on a multiperiod risk‐averse newsvendor problem with nonstationary demands. We start with a predictive analysis that aims to transform the nonstationary demand series into a predictable stationary one, and then develop inventory models for deriving prescriptive decisions based on transformed stationary series. When transforming the nonstationary demand series, we consider three commonly used methods—detrending (DET), differencing (DIT), and percentage change transformations (PCT)—which all effectively convert nonstationary demand series into stationary ones. These methods not only have desired simplicity and interpretability but also provide better predictive performance than the autoregressive integrated moving (ARIMA) process. Moreover, we develop an ensemble of the three transformation methods following the model averaging approach, which provides comparable predictions as the machine learning approaches. When developing prescriptive inventory decisions, we construct dynamic risk‐averse newsvendor models for the three methods having different structures, and find that the optimal order quantities under DET and DIT monotonically change as the newsvendor becomes more risk‐averse, but the optimal order quantity under PCT may not. Similarly, we also develop a heuristic ensemble of the inventory decisions under the three methods, which can lead to better profit performance. An extensive numerical simulation based on the manufacturer's historical data set shows that the heuristic ensemble inventory decision outperforms the sole decision generated by every transformation method and achieves an average performance improvement up to 92.25%. Several extensions are also considered to confirm the robustness of our findings.
Early intervention in psychosis in emerging countries: Findings from a first‐episode psychosis programme in the Ribeirão Preto catchment area, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Corrêa‐Oliveira Gabriel Elias , Scarabelot Luis Felipe , Araújo Jéssica Morais , Boin André Campiolo , de Paula Pessoa Rebeca Mendes , Leal Livio Rodrigues , Del‐Ben Cristina Marta
Published: November 2021

Aim

People presenting with first‐episode psychosis (FEP) can benefit from early intervention programmes. However, such programmes are scarce in low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs). In Brazil, there are a few programmes, but they are unequally distributed across the country. We aimed to describe the implementation and performance of the Ribeirão Preto Early Intervention in Psychosis Programme (Ribeirão Preto‐EIP), an outpatient service for patients presenting with FEP residing in the Ribeirão Preto catchment area in Southeastern Brazil.

Methods

A detailed description of the service, staff and theoretical framework was compiled. Furthermore, a retrospective cohort study of patients attending the programme throughout 4 years (2015–2018) was conducted. Data were obtained by analysing the medical records of all patients, and sociodemographic and diagnostic stability information for this period was recorded.

Results

The Ribeirão Preto‐EIP had 358 new referrals during the study period. Among them, 237 patients were assessed for an average (median) duration of 14 months. Most patients were male (64.1%) and single (84.8%). The median age was 23.5 years (range, 9–86 years). Schizophrenia was the main diagnosis (43.4%), followed by substance‐induced (25.7%) and affective (18.6%) psychosis. Referrals occurred from emergency, inpatient, community‐based mental health and primary care services.

Conclusions

Programmes such as the Ribeirão Preto‐EIP demonstrate that early intervention in psychosis is feasible in LMICs despite significant challenges for their access and integration in the health system. Strategic scale‐up policies could be undertaken to offer better short‐ and long‐term outcomes for individuals presenting with FEP and their families.
Distinct sensory‐ and goal‐related signals underlie the gap effect in the superior colliculus
Authors: Marino Robert A. , Levy Ron , Munoz Douglas P.
Published: November 2021

The removal of a fixation point (FP) prior to the appearance of a saccade target (gap effect) influences pre‐motor circuits and reduces saccadic reaction time (SRT). Saccade preparation signals underlying the gap effect have been observed within the intermediate layers of the superior colliculus (SCi). Neurons in the caudal SCi, coding a target location, increase their activity during the gap, while neurons in the rostral SCi, with tonic activity related to visual fixation, decrease activity. However, the gap effect confounds two factors: (1) a goal‐driven temporal warning component (upcoming saccade target appearance) and (2) a stimulus‐driven sensory component (FP disappearance). These factors combine to reduce SRT and elicit pre‐target responses in the SCi. To dissociate warning and sensory effects, we altered the luminance of the FP during the gap period (renamed warning period) such that it could increase, decrease, or stay the same. Faster SRTs resulted with larger decrements in FP luminance. Different categories of SCi warning period activity were evaluated: (1) always increasing or decreasing or (2) sensory‐linked responses to changes in FP luminance. In the caudal SCi (at the location coding the target), all activity correlated negatively with SRT (i.e., saccade facilitation), and two categories of activity were observed (always increasing or opposing FP luminance changes). In the rostral SCi, four categories of activity were observed: activity that increased or followed the change in FP luminance correlated positively with SRT (i.e., saccade inhibition), while activity that decreased or opposed FP luminance changes correlated negatively with SRT. Such SCi activity reflected both goal‐driven saccade preparation signals and FP sensory properties.
Appraising Indigenous cultural safety within healthcare: Protocol of a scoping review of reviews
Authors: Chakanyuka Christina , Bacsu Juanita‐Dawne R. , Desroches Andrea , Walker Jennifer , O’connell Megan E. , Dame Jessy , Carrier Leah , Symenuk Paisly , Crowshoe Lynden , Bourque Bearskin Lisa
Published: November 2021

Aim

The objective of this scoping review of reviews will be to synthesize the existing literature to identify key elements, conceptualizations and interventions of cultural safety to improve healthcare for Indigenous Peoples.

Design

Eligible studies will include reviews (e.g. scoping reviews, systematic reviews and narrative reviews) focused on Indigenous cultural safety in healthcare.

Methods

Guided by Weber‐Pillwax's Indigenous principles of relationality and Arksey and O’Malley's scoping review framework, a review of reviews will be conducted by searching peer‐reviewed literature published between January 2010 and December 2020. The database search will include CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. This scoping review protocol was registered with the Joanna Briggs Institute on January 28, 2021.

Discussion

There is a paucity of knowledge on existing interventions and implementation strategies to support Indigenous cultural safety within the healthcare system. Improving Indigenous cultural safety in healthcare requires a comprehensive understanding of its core components and the specific interventions.

Impact

This review will help guide future research and enhance cultural safety interventions for Indigenous Peoples, including Indigenous Peoples with diverse genders and sexualities. The findings from this review will provide critical insight and knowledge to inform cultural safety policies, programs and practices to support healthcare for Indigenous populations.
Impact of the treatment of periodontitis on systemic health and quality of life: A systematic review
Authors: Orlandi Marco , Muñoz Aguilera Eva , Marletta Debora , Petrie Aviva , Suvan Jean , D'Aiuto Francesco
Published: November 2021

Aim

To investigate the effect of treatment of periodontitis on systemic health outcomes, pregnancy complications, and associated quality of life.

Materials and methods

Systematic electronic searches were conducted to identify randomized controlled trials with minimum 6‐month follow‐up and reporting on the outcomes of interest. Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed as deemed suitable.

Results

Meta‐analyses confirmed reductions of high‐sensitivity C‐reactive protein (hs‐CRP) [0.56 mg/L, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.88, −0.25), p < .001]; interleukin (IL)‐6 [0.48 pg/ml, 95% CI (−0.88, −0.08), p = .020], and plasma glucose [1.33 mmol/l, 95% CI (−2.41, −0.24), p = .016], and increase of flow‐mediated dilation (FMD) [0.31%, 95% CI (0.07, 0.55), p = .012] and diastolic blood pressure [0.29 mmHg, 95% CI (0.10, 0.49), p = .003] 6 months after the treatment of periodontitis. A significant effect on preterm deliveries (<37 weeks) was observed [0.77 risk ratio, 95% CI (0.60, 0.98), p = .036]. Limited evidence was reported on quality‐of‐life (QoL) outcomes in the included studies.

Conclusions

Treatment of periodontitis results in systemic health improvements including improvement in cardiometabolic risk, reduction in systemic inflammation and the occurrence of preterm deliveries. Further research is however warranted to confirm whether these changes are sustained over time. Further, appropriate QoL outcomes should be included in the study designs of future clinical trials.
Does female labor scarcity encourage innovation? Evidence from China's gender imbalance
Authors: Chen Taoran , Tan Zhibo , Zhang Xiaobo
Published: November 2021

This paper studies how the scarcity of different types of workers in a region shapes firm innovation across industries, using the unbalanced regional sex ratios in China as a source of identification strategy. The empirical results show that the shortage of female workers has spurred firms in female‐intensive industries to innovate more, particularly in industries with low substitution between female and male workers, consistent with the price effect of the directed technical change theory. In male‐intensive industries with high elasticity of substitution and regions with more skewed local sex ratios, firms are more innovative, demonstrating that the market size effect of the directed technical change theory is also at play.
Extended pre‐release holding with raspberry ketone and methoprene as supplements: Field performance of Bactrocera tryoni males
Authors: Biswas Md Jamil Hossain , Rempoulakis Polychronis , Benelli Maurizio , Adnan Saleh Mohammad , Allen Andrew P. , Taylor Phillip W. , Mainali Bishwo
Published: November 2021

In Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) programs, the released sterile insects must attain sexual maturity at an early adult age so that a large proportion survive to mature and contribute to reducing reproduction of pest populations. Previous field studies based on release of adult Queensland fruit fly, Bactrocera tryoni (Froggatt) (‘Q‐fly’), at 2 days of age found a significant increase in the recapture of mature male Q‐flies when they were provided methoprene or raspberry ketone (RK) before release. SIT for Q‐flies has subsequently adopted release at 5 days of age; there is now a contextual need to re‐assess the merit of methoprene and RK supplements. We assessed field abundance and dispersal of mature sterile male Q‐flies that had been held for 5 days on pre‐release standard diets of sugar and yeast hydrolysate (3:1) (control) with and without methoprene or RK supplements. Overall, the proportion of control‐ and RK‐treated flies recaptured was higher than the proportion of methoprene‐treated flies recaptured. We found no evidence that either methoprene or RK supplements yielded improvements over the control diet alone concerning abundance and dispersal of the male Q‐flies. Laboratory studies indicate that while the doses of methoprene (control + methoprene at 0.05% or 0.5%) and RK (control + RK at 1.25% or 5%) used in field releases at 2 days of age did not affect male longevity when sustenance was provided, these doses resulted in reduced longevity when no sustenance was provided. Furthermore, all doses of methoprene and RK used in field releases at 5 days of age reduced male longevity regardless of sustenance. At 5 days of age, the flies are already in an advanced state of maturity when released and in this context, it appears that additional pre‐release treatments of methoprene and RK provide no further improvement and may even be detrimental when nutrition is scarce.
Accounting for frailty and multimorbidity when interpreting high‐sensitivity troponin I tests in oldest old
Authors: Ticinesi Andrea , Nouvenne Antonio , Cerundolo Nicoletta , Prati Beatrice , Parise Alberto , Tana Claudio , Rendo Martina , Guerra Angela , Meschi Tiziana
Published: November 2021

Background

Older patients evaluated in Emergency Departments (ED) for suspect Myocardial Infarction (MI) frequently exhibit unspecific elevations of serum high‐sensitivity troponin I (hs‐TnI), making interpretation particularly challenging for emergency physicians. The aim of this longitudinal study was to identify the interaction of multimorbidity and frailty with hs‐TnI levels in older patients seeking emergency care.

Methods

A group of patients aged≥75 with suspected MI was enrolled in our acute geriatric ward immediately after ED visit. Multimorbidity and frailty were measured with Cumulative Illness Rating Scale (CIRS) and Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS), respectively. The association of hs‐TnI with MI (main endpoint) was assessed by calculation of the Area Under the Receiver‐Operating Characteristic Curve (AUROC), deriving population‐specific cut‐offs with Youden test. The factors associated with hs‐TnI categories, including MI, CFS and CIRS, were determined with stepwise multinomial logistic regression. The association of hs‐TnI with 3‐month mortality (secondary endpoint) was also investigated with stepwise logistic regression.

Results

Among 268 participants (147 F, median age 85, IQR 80–89), hs‐TnI elevation was found in 191 cases (71%, median 23 ng/L, IQR 11–65), but MI was present in only 12 cases (4.5%). hs‐TnI was significantly associated with MI (AUROC 0.751, 95% CI 0.580–0.922, p = 0.003), with an optimal cut‐off of 141 ng/L. hs‐TnI levels ≥141 ng/L were significantly associated with CFS (OR 1.58, 95% CI 1.15–2.18, p = 0.005), while levels <141 ng/L were associated with the cardiac subscore of CIRS (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.07–1.71, p = 0.011). CFS, but not hs‐TnI levels, predicted 3‐month mortality.

Conclusions

In geriatric patients with suspected MI, frailty and cardiovascular multimorbidity should be carefully considered when interpreting emergency hs‐TnI testing.
Effectiveness of a brief family strengths‐oriented therapeutic conversation intervention for patients with schizophrenia and their caregivers
Authors: Hsiao Chiu‐Yueh , Lu Huei‐Lan , Hsieh Ming‐Hong , Tsai Yun‐Fang
Published: November 2021

Purpose

To examine the effects of a brief family strengths‐oriented therapeutic conversation (FAM‐SOTC) intervention on symptom severity of patients with schizophrenia and family coping and caregiver burden for family caregivers.

Design

A quasi‐experimental research design with repeated measures.

Methods

A convenience sample of 72 dyads of patient‐family caregivers was recruited from randomized inpatient psychiatric rehabilitation units in a psychiatric hospital in Taiwan. Sixty‐one patient‐family caregiver dyads that comprised the intervention group (n = 29) and control group (n = 32) completed questionnaires at four time points (baseline, immediate, one‐ and three‐months post‐intervention). Demographic questionnaires and clinical information, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, Family Crisis‐Orientation Personal Evaluation Scales, and Zarit Burden Interview were used to collect data. Generalized estimating equations were used to assess the differences in symptom severity, family coping, and caregiver burden between the two groups.

Findings

As compared to the control group, the intervention group showed statistically significant improvements over three months in symptom severity as well as family coping, especially acquiring social support, reframing, and mobilizing social support for family caregivers. Caregiver burden in the intervention group was ameliorated immediately and one month after the intervention rather than a three‐month post‐intervention.

Conclusions

A brief FAM‐SOTC intervention proved to be favorable for alleviating psychiatric symptoms of patients coupled with an improvement in family coping and burden in family caregivers encountering schizophrenia.

Clinical relevance

Integration of a brief family therapeutic conversation intervention into the routine psychiatric rehabilitation services delivery is recommended to help patients and their family caregivers effectively manage schizophrenia.
Ethical considerations regarding the effects of climate change and planetary health on children
Authors: Williams Phoebe CM , Marais Ben , Isaacs David , Preisz Anne
Published: November 2021

Climate change represents one of the most significant health challenges and global inequities of our generation. As a ‘wicked’ problem, climate change imposes an involuntary exposure on vulnerable individuals and societies that is regressive in its nature, with those least responsible for destroying planetary health at greatest risk of suffering the direct and indirect health consequences of unabated warming of the planet. The current and future generations of children are the most vulnerable population to suffer the effects of climate change. By 2030, there will be 131 000 additional child deaths each year if climate mitigation strategies are not enacted, driven by the synergy of an increasing burden of infectious diseases, food insecurity and political instability. Over half a billion of the world's children live in areas vulnerable to extreme weather events, and there is a pressing risk that our current lack of action to mitigate and adapt to climate change will result in today's children, and future generations, being the first to have poorer physical and mental health than previous generations – creating a significant intergenerational ethical dilemma. Child health‐care professionals need to advocate for policies to address climate change that consider the complex health, planetary and ethical considerations necessary to solve the most significant risk to our children's health today. Without immediate action, the health of the current and future generations of children is perilous.
Bta‐miR‐6517 promotes proliferation and inhibits differentiation of pre‐adipocytes by targeting PFKL
Authors: Yang Mengli , Gao Xiaoqian , Ma Yanfen , Wang Xingping , Lei Zhaoxiong , Wang Shuzhe , Hu Honghong , Tang Lin , Ma Yun
Published: November 2021

The proliferation and differentiation of pre‐adipocytes are regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs) and other factors. In this study, the potential functions of bta‐miR‐6517 in the regulation of pre‐adipocyte proliferation and differentiation were explored. The qRT‐PCR, oil red O staining and CCK‐8 assay were used to evaluate the role of bta‐miR‐6517. Further, the target gene of bta‐miR‐6517 was identified using bioinformatics analysis, dual‐luciferase reporter system and qRT‐PCR system. The results found that the overexpression of bta‐miR‐6517 promoted the expression of proliferation marker genes and substantially increased the adipocyte proliferation vitality in the CCK‐8 assay, whereas suppressing of bta‐miR‐6517 had the opposite effect. Overexpression bta‐miR‐6517 suppressed the expression of adipogenic genes, which inhibited lipid accumulation, whereas suppressing of bta‐miR‐6517 had the opposite effect. Furthermore, the dual‐fluorescent reporter experiment results demonstrated that bta‐miR‐6517 directly targeted phosphofructokinase, liver type (PFKL). When bta‐miR‐6517 was either overexpressed or suppressed, it negatively regulated PFKL. In conclusion, we observed that bta‐miR‐6517 promoted adipocyte proliferation and inhibited differentiation by targeting PFKL.
Reticular contraction frequency and ruminal gas dome development in goats do not differ between grass and browse diets
Authors: Clauss Marcus , Tschuor Andreas , Codron Daryl , Hummel Jürgen
Published: November 2021

In investigations of differences between ruminant species feeding on browse or grass, it is often unclear whether observed differences are animal‐ or forage‐specific. Ruminant species have been classified as ‘moose‐type’, with little rumen content stratification, or ‘cattle‐type’ with a distinct rumen contents stratification, including a gas layer. To which extent putative differences in forestomach motility are involved in these patterns is unknown. Using sonography, we investigated the frequency of reticular contractions and the stratification of rumen contents in goats fed exclusively on grass hay (n = 6) or dried browse (n = 5) directly after feeding, and after another 6 and 12 h with no access to feed. The frequency of reticular contractions decreased from immediately after feeding (1.8 ± 0.3 min−1) to 6 h afterwards (1.2 ± 0.2 min−1) and then remained constant, with no difference between diets. A gas dome became more visible over time, but neither its incidence nor its extent differed between diets. The results are in accord with classifying goats as ‘cattle‐type’ in terms of their digestive physiology, and they add to a growing body of evidence that differences in digestive physiology between ruminant species are more due to species characteristics than different kinds of ingested forages.
Serum anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a IgG antibodies are biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis
Authors: Halstead S. K. , Gourlay D. S. , Penderis J. , Bianchi E. , Dondi M. , Wessmann A. , Musteata M. , Le Chevoir M. , Martinez‐Anton L. , Bhatti S. F. M. , Volk H. , Mateo I. , Tipold A. , Ives E. , Pakozdy A. , Gutierrez‐Quintana R. , Brocal J. , Whitehead Z. , Granger N. , Pazzi P. , Harcourt‐Brown T. , José‐López R. , Rupp S. , Schenk H. C. , Smith P. , Gandini G. , Menchetti M. , Mortera‐Balsa V. , Rusbridge C. , Tauro A. , Cozzi F. , Deutschland M. , Tirrito F. , Freeman P. , Lowrie M. , Jackson M. R. , Willison H. J. , Rupp A.
Published: November 2021

Objectives

A previous single‐country pilot study indicated serum anti‐GM2 and anti‐GA1 anti‐glycolipid antibodies as potential biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis. This study aims to validate these findings in a large geographically heterogenous cohort.

Materials and Methods

Sera from 175 dogs clinically diagnosed with acute canine polyradiculoneuritis, 112 dogs with other peripheral nerve, cranial nerve or neuromuscular disorders and 226 neurologically normal dogs were screened for anti‐glycolipid antibodies against 11 common glycolipid targets to determine the immunoglobulin G anti‐glycolipid antibodies with the highest combined sensitivity and specificity for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis.

Results

Anti‐GM2 anti‐glycolipid antibodies reached the highest combined sensitivity and specificity (sensitivity: 65.1%, 95% confidence interval 57.6 to 72.2%; specificity: 90.2%, 95% confidence interval 83.1 to 95.0%), followed by anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a anti‐glycolipid antibodies (sensitivity: 61.7%, 95% confidence interval 54.1 to 68.9%; specificity: 89.3%, 95% confidence interval 82.0 to 94.3%) and these anti‐glycolipid antibodies were frequently present concomitantly. Anti‐GA1 anti‐glycolipid antibodies were detected in both acute canine polyradiculoneuritis and control animals. Both for anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a anti‐glycolipid antibodies, sex was found a significantly associated factor with a female to male odds ratio of 2.55 (1.27 to 5.31) and 3.00 (1.22 to 7.89), respectively. Anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a anti‐glycolipid antibodies were more commonly observed in dogs unable to walk (OR 4.56, 1.56 to 14.87).

Clinical Significance

Anti‐GM2 and anti‐GalNAc‐GD1a immunoglobulin G anti‐glycolipid antibodies represent serum biomarkers for acute canine polyradiculoneuritis.
Recent approaches to paratext studies in eighteenth‐century literature
Authors: Readioff Corrina
Published: November 2021

This survey will provide an insight into the most significant eighteenth‐century paratext research in British literary studies produced over the last 20 years, identifying and exploring the key themes and connections that have emerged. Ever since Gérard Genette's ground‐breaking book Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation (1997) scholars have begun to reconsider and address the function and interpretive value of the paratexts that frame, surround, or are attached to the edges of literary texts. In eighteenth‐century studies in particular, paratexts frequently constitute a critical and unique area for the expression of identity and for influencing how texts are read and interpreted. This article reviews the extensive body of scholarship that examines and focuses upon paratexts, and that collectively contributes towards the formation of the much‐needed new specialism of paratext studies.
Efficacy and safety of atezolizumab plus bevacizumab in Korean patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma
Authors: Cheon Jaekyung , Yoo Changhoon , Hong Jung Yong , Kim Han Sang , Lee Dae‐Won , Lee Myung Ah , Kim Jin Won , Kim Ilhwan , Oh Sang‐Bo , Hwang Jun‐Eul , Chon Hong Jae , Lim Ho Yeong
Published: November 2021

Background & Aims

Atezolizumab plus bevacizumab (Ate/Bev) has demonstrated efficacy and safety in patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in the phase III trial. Further evaluation is necessary to investigate the safety and efficacy of Ate/Bev in real settings.

Methods

This was a multicentre retrospective analysis. Between May 2020 and February 2021, 138 patients received Ate/Bev as first‐line treatment for advanced HCC from 11 institutions. We excluded patients with Child‐Pugh B or C and BCLC D stage, and the remaining 121 patients were included in this analysis.

Results

According to RECIST 1.1, the objective response and disease control rates were 24.0% and 76.0%. The median follow‐up duration was 5.9 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 5.4‐6.4), the median progression‐free survival (PFS) was 6.5 months (95% CI, 4.1‐9.0), and median overall survival (OS) was not reached (95% CI, not available). The most frequent grade 3‐4 adverse event was aspartate aminotransferase elevation (10.7%). In the multivariate analyses, AFP increase (P = .037), baseline neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte ratio (NLR) ≥ 5 (P = .023), and best response to stable disease or progressive disease (P = .019) were significantly associated with worse PFS. Macrovascular invasion (P = .048) and baseline NLR ≥5 (P < .001) were significantly associated with worse OS.

Conclusions

Ate/Bev showed real‐life efficacy and safety in Korean patients with advanced HCC, in line with results from phase III trial. Considering unfavourable survival outcomes of Ate/Bev in patients with elevated NLR, careful assessment of treatment response needs to be performed in this group.
Healthy soil, healthy food, healthy people: An outline of the H3 project
Authors: Jackson Peter , Cameron Duncan , Rolfe Stephen , Dicks Lynn V. , Leake Jonathan , Caton Sam , Dye Louise , Young William , Choudhary Sonal , Evans David , Adolphus Katie , Boyle Neil
Published: November 2021

This paper provides an outline of a new research project, funded through UKRI’s ‘Transforming UK food systems’ programme. The H3 project (Healthy soil, Healthy food, Healthy people) aims to transform the UK food system ‘from the ground up’, through an integrated programme of research at lab, farm, landscape, local, regional and national scales. This article introduces the H3 project with a particular emphasis on those parts of our work that have most direct relevance in terms of improving human diet and nutrition. Specifically, we seek to make early interventions in the food system through biofortification and other measures that reduce the need for costly interventions at later stages. Focusing on low‐income populations and using a ‘health by stealth’ approach, we also seek to increase fibre consumption among the UK population by reformulating foods that are already an established part of people's diet. The paper concludes by assessing the likely impact of these interventions and the significance we attach to working with stakeholders in business, government and civil society.
Acute kidney injury referred to the nephrologist: A single centre experience in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Pistolesi Valentina , Artegiani Federica , Di Napoli Anteo , Zeppilli Laura , Santoboni Francesca , Somma Sara , Di Mario Francesca , Regolisti Giuseppe , Fiaccadori Enrico , Morabito Santo
Published: November 2021

Aim

Acute kidney injury (AKI) shows an increasing incidence, accounting for a remarkable proportion of nephrology team in‐hospital activity. The aim was to describe main features and outcomes of AKI observed in patients admitted to a tertiary care hospital.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective analysis in all consecutive AKI patients referred for nephrology consultation (November 2018–February 2020) focusing on the factors associated with in‐hospital mortality within 90 days and kidney function recovery (KFR) upon discharge. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data, as well as main features of AKI episodes, were collected from medical records of the entire hospital stay. AKI was defined according to KDIGO Clinical Practice Guideline.

Results

Among 1145 patients referred for nephrology consultation, 559 were evaluated for AKI (598 episodes). Pre‐existing CKD was present in 54.7% of patients. In 69.2% of cases AKI was evaluated within 48 h from its onset. Most of the episodes (66.6%) were classified as KDIGO Stage 3. In‐hospital mortality within 90 days since admission was 43.3%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed a higher mortality risk for advancing age (HR 1.02/unit, 95% CI 1.01–1.03) and oliguria (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.45–2.52), while a higher eGFR (HR 0.72/unit, 95% CI 0.54–0.95) and KFR within 7 days (HR 0.62, 95% CI 0.41–0.94) were associated to a lower mortality. KFR was observed in 96.4% of survivors. In patients with partial KFR, the loss of eGFR was −29.2 ± 17.9 ml/min. KFR incidence rate was 6.79 per 100‐person days (95% CI 6.72–6.87) in survivors and 2.30 (95% CI 2.25–2.35) in non‐survivors.

Conclusion

AKI‐related nephrology activity accounts for most of the nephrologist workload as consultant. Referred AKI episodes are frequently severe and superimposed on CKD, carrying a relatively high mortality in a patient population developing AKI outside ICU. Early KFR appears strongly associated with a favourable impact upon in‐hospital survival.
A latent profile analysis of math anxiety and core beliefs toward mathematics among children
Authors: Orbach Lars , Fritz Annemarie
Published: November 2021

Recent findings on the negative impacts of math anxiety (MA) have raised questions for educational and clinical research regarding effective intervention programs. One basic approach for developing intervention programs in the field of cognitive behavioral therapy is to gain an in‐depth understanding of the cognitive beliefs of children with a specific mental problem. By applying latent profile analysis (LPA), the present study aimed at identifying different patterns of MA and providing further insights into its cognitive phenomenology. For this purpose, trait‐MA, state‐MA, attitudes toward math, academic self‐concepts, fixed/growth mindsets, executive functions, and math performance of 475 fourth and fifth graders (48.2% girls) were assessed. LPA indicated seven distinct profiles characterized by different dimensions and patterns of state‐MA, trait‐MA, and core beliefs toward math. Furthermore, the profiles showed clearly different math performances. The weakest performances were found for a profile with highest state‐MA, high trait‐MA, and negative cognitive beliefs toward math and a profile with average state‐MA, high trait‐MA, and negative cognitive beliefs toward math, whereas the highest achieving profile had no state‐MA, high trait‐MA, and very positive cognitive beliefs toward math. The findings underline the complexity of MA and emphasize the necessity to develop interventions with careful consideration of the heterogeneous patterns.
A long and winding road: 25 years as editor
Authors: Rhodes R. A. W.
Published: November 2021

This article reflects on 25 years of editing Public Administration. It provides a brief account of Rod Rhodes's term of office before airing some of his pet bugbears on being an editor and on trends in journal publishing.
Customer Bargaining Power, Strategic Fit, and Supplier Performance
Authors: Chang Hsihui , Liu Sheng , Mashruwala Raj
Published: November 2021

Prior studies report mixed evidence on the impact of customers' bargaining power on supplier performance. We shed light on this mixed evidence by considering the moderating role of strategic fit. A strategically aligned supplier can provide long‐term benefits to the customer. As a result, powerful customers may trade off the short‐term benefits obtained through supplier concessions with the long‐term benefits derived from strategic fit. Thus, strategic fit can mitigate the negative impact of customers' bargaining power on supplier performance. We use data on supplier–customer dyads identified using financial disclosures of firms' major customers to examine this research question. We find that a strategic fit between suppliers and their customers on three distinct dimensions (innovation, customer orientation, and efficiency) attenuates the negative association between customers' relative bargaining power and supplier performance. These findings are robust to several sensitivity tests.
The role of phase and orientation for ERP modulations of spectrum‐manipulated fearful and neutral faces
Authors: Bruchmann Maximilian , Schindler Sebastian , Dinyarian Mandana , Straube Thomas
Published: November 2021

Prioritized processing of fearful compared to neutral faces has been proposed to result from evolutionary adaptation of the contrast sensitivity function (CSF) to the features of emotionally relevant faces and/or vice versa. However, it is unknown whether a stimulus merely has to feature the amplitude spectrum of a fearful face to be prioritized or whether the relevant spatial frequencies have to occur with specific phases and orientations. Prioritized processing is indexed by specific increases of Event‐Related Potentials (ERPs) of the EEG and occurs throughout different early processing stages, indexed by emotion‐related modulations of the P1, N170, and EPN. In this pre‐registered study, we manipulated phase and amplitude properties of the Fourier spectra of neutral and fearful faces to test the effect of phase coherence (PC, face vs. scramble) and orientation coherence (OC, original vs. rotational average) and their interactions with differential emotion processing. We found that differential emotion processing was not present at the level of P1 but strongly affected N170 and EPN. In both cases, intact phase coherence was required for enhanced processing of fearful faces. OC did not interact with emotion. While faces produced the typical N170 effect, we observed a reversed effect for scrambles. Additional exploratory independent component analysis (ICA) suggests that this reversal could signal a mismatch between an early "perceptual hypothesis" and feedback of configural information. In line with our expectations, fearful‐neutral differences for the N170 and EPN depend on configural information, i.e., recognizable faces.
Race and class patterns of income inequality during postrecession periods
Authors: DiPasquale Giacomo , Gomies Matthew , Rodriguez Javier M.
Published: November 2021

Recent research on increasing income inequality focuses on recessions’ role on the income distribution and racial disparities in the United States.

Objective

This study expands this research by focusing on the evolution of racial income inequality during postrecession periods. We hypothesize that differential recovery trends by race and income rank during postrecession periods exacerbate between‐ and within‐race income inequality. Specifically, we examine postrecession trajectories of race‐specific weekly earnings for the bottom and top 10 percent in the U.S. weekly earnings distribution.

Method

We apply a break‐spline regression approach to quarterly weekly earnings data (2001–2018) collected from the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Federal Reserve Bank of Saint Louis for the 2001 Recession, the Great Recession, and between‐recession periods.

Results

Results show an increase in income inequality between the bottom and top 10 percent in the weekly earnings distribution during recovery periods. For all races, the bottom 10 percent recovered from recessions slower and later than the top 10 percent. We also find that Asian Americans’ weekly earnings influence between‐ and within‐race income inequality during postrecession periods.

Conclusion

Income inequality—overall and across races—is entrenched as racial/ethnic minorities and the poor are particularly vulnerable to recessions and are neither catching up nor recovering during upturns of the economy.
NovAT tool—Reliable novel HLA alleles identification from next‐generation sequencing data
Authors: Simakova Tamara , Suvorova Arina , Krivonosova Kristina , Abramova Anna , Loginova Maria , Paramonov Igor
Published: November 2021

HLA molecules are expressed in almost all nucleated cells of the body. These molecules are extremely variable and responsible for tissue specificity recognition. Precise HLA typing is crucial for tissue and organ transplantation. Usually, HLA‐typing NGS methods are based on the assignment of reads to a certain previously reported HLA allele presented in the IPD‐IMGT/HLA Database. But there is a limited number of tools able to identify novel alleles that have not yet been reported and thus absent in the database. Such alleles carry mismatches distinguishing them from all known alleles in the database. Therefore, manual evaluation of the identified HLA alleles in the genome browser is a compulsory step in the analysis, and one that is labor intensive and time consuming. We present the development and validation of a freely available web‐application for the identification of novel HLA alleles in the most relevant HLA class I and II genes from NGS data. The tool can also be used for automated data quality assessment. The software was validated by analyzing 330 alleles. The results are concordant with orthogonal methods.
A Novel Variable Extensometer Method for Measuring Ductility Scaling Parameters From Single Specimens
Authors: Smith Adam J. , Maxwell Hannah L. , Mirmohammad Hadi , Kingstedt Owen T. , Berke Ryan B.
Published: November 2021

Macro-scale ductility is not an intrinsic material property but is dependent on the overall geometry of the specimen. To account for variety in specimen geometries, multiple ductility scaling laws have been developed, which scale ductility between different specimen sizes. Traditionally, these ductility laws rely on testing multiple different specimens of varying sizes to obtain material parameters, often done by varying gauge lengths. With the use of digital image correlation (DIC), this study presents a technique where multiple different gauge lengths are extracted from a single specimen to obtain ductility scaling parameters from a single experiment. This technique provides orders of magnitude more data from each specimen than previous techniques. This variable extensometer method is then validated by testing multiple different geometries, and select scaling laws are then compared.
An Assessment of Effects of Nanofluids on Heat Transfer Performance of Two-Phase Cooling Systems
Authors: Korobko Alexander V. , Fateh Sana
Published: November 2021

The recent increase in complexity of computations and the expansion of edge computing have led to the emergence of high power density data centers with an urgent demand for more advanced thermal management systems. Two-phase passive cooling systems such as thermosyphons and heat pipes have been widely used in industry to maintain the temperature of the servers below the threshold of failure and carry away a large quantity of heat from a small area. Such systems are economically viable and sustainable since they have no moving parts and consume lower power. However, an upgrade to these cooling systems is imminent due to the ever-increasing power densities of the data centers and more challenging thermal management issues faced by the industry. Nanofluids have emerged recently as a new class of cooling liquids claiming to enhance the heat transfer performance in single and two-phase cooling systems. As per several studies presented in this paper, the thermal performance of thermosyphons is shown to be enhanced by employing nanofluids. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on the effect of nanofluids in improving the Critical Heat Flux (CHF) and Heat Transfer Coefficient (HTC) in two-phase cooling systems. The boiling phenomenon and working principles of thermosyphons will be discussed to understand the underlying mechanisms affecting heat transfer in the evaporator region, where the heat is absorbed from the source. The impact of nanoparticle features, concentration, and deposition pattern on HTC enhancement will also be studied. Additionally, estimates of the heat dissipation improvement by using nanofluids along with the bottlenecks and challenges faced in applying such fluids practically are reviewed as well. In conclusion, recommendations are made for future research needed to overcome the risks and commercialize the nanofluids in two-phase cooling systems for providing significant improvement in heat transfer performance as compared to conventional working fluids.
Phase Change Material’s (PCMs) Effectiveness Index for Rapid Assessment in Thermal Management of Transient Pulse Electronics
Authors: Olivera Adrian , Rosales Jhonathan , Quintero Pedro O.
Published: November 2021

The use of nanocomposites phase change materials (PCMs) as transient passive thermal solution for high power electronics have been growing in the last few years. Typical application loads are in timescales of seconds, milliseconds, or nanoseconds; where the use of traditional cooling solutions, designed for steady state conduction/convection, are no longer effective. Common combinations for nanocomposites, with a PCM matrix and metal nanoparticle fillers, are Wax-Ag/Au or Sugars-Ag/Au. However, there is a lack of a performance parameter to guide the decision making during the co-design process. In this investigation we propose the formulation of an effectiveness parameter (index), in terms of response time and effective PCM volume selection, to assist the tradeoff analysis required for complex systems. The index is defined by the ratio of the PCM volume’s phase change time to the melting time. When heating a PCM, with a finite thickness, a melt front is formed as soon as the interface with the heat source begins melting while the heat source continues adding energy into the material. This melting front will achieve a constant velocity through the thickness owing to the high volumetric latent heat; therefore, the volume changes phase with an accompanying linear temperature increase. This non-isothermal phenomenon drives the definition of our proposed phase change energy term, or modified latent heat, for non-isothermal transient phase changing systems such as those encountered in pulsed power electronics. The calculated modified latent heat was validated, with a 1.68% difference, when compared to Field’s metal experimental data using a 12W heater and the Temperature-Energy diagram. Furthermore, a 0.39% difference was obtained between the calculated modified latent heat of organic PCM PT-58 and the experimental data with a 2W heater.
Operational Map and Thermal Performance of a Thermosyphon Cooling System for Compact Servers
Authors: Amalfi Raffaele L. , Hoang Cong H. , Enright Ryan , Cataldo Filippo , Marcinichen Jackson B. , Thome John R.
Published: November 2021

This paper advances the state-of-the-art in novel passive two-phase systems for more efficient cooling of datacenters and telecom central offices compared to the traditional air-based cooling solutions (e.g. aisle-based containment systems). The proposed passive two-phase technology uses numerous server-level thermosyphons to dissipate the heat generated by critical components, such as central processing units, accelerators, etc., with the flexibility of selecting the rack-level and room-level cooling elements depending on the deployment scenarios. The main goal of this paper is to experimentally investigate the thermal performance and maximum heat removal capability of a server-level thermosyphon for cooling compact servers. The experimental apparatus, built at Nokia Bell Labs, incorporates a single 7-cm high liquid-cooled thermosyphon that fits within a 2U server (smaller form factors can be achieved by a proper design that would further reduce the thermosyphon’s height). The heat source is represented by a pseudo-chip, composed of six parallel cartridge heaters installed in a copper block that incorporates local temperature measurements and is able of dissipating a total power of ≈ 500 W over a footprint area of 3.5 cm × 3.5 cm (corresponding heat flux of ≈ 41 W/cm2). Steady-state experiments were carried out at various heat loads up to 240 W (corresponding heat flux of ≈ 20 W/cm2), filling ratios and secondary side inlet conditions (coolant temperatures and mass flow rates), using R1234ze(E) and deionized water as the working fluids on the primary and secondary side, respectively. Test results demonstrate high heat transfer performance of the server-level thermosyphon over a wide range of conditions, and operating points are identified and classified into an operational map. Thermosyphon-based cooling systems across multiple length scales can significantly improve operation in terms of lowering energy consumption, allowing for higher hardware density, increased processing speed and reliability.
Thermal-Hydraulic Analytical Models of Split-Flow Microchannel Liquid-Cooled Cold Plates With Flow Impingement
Authors: Kisitu Deogratius , Ortega Alfonso
Published: November 2021

Impingement split flow liquid-cooled microchannel cold plates are one of several flow configurations used for single-phase liquid cooling. Split flow or top-in/side-exit (TISE) cold plates divide the flow into two branches thus resulting in halved or reduced flow rates and flow lengths, compared to traditional side-in /side-exit (SISE) or parallel flow cold plates. This has the effect of reducing the pressure drop because of the shorter flow length and lower flow rate and increasing the heat transfer coefficient due to thermally developing as opposed to fully developed flow. It is also claimed that the impinging flow increases the heat transfer coefficient on the base plate in the region of impingement. Because of the downward impinging and turning flow, there are no exact analytical models for this flow configuration. Computational and experimental studies have been performed, but there are no useful compact analytical models in the literature that can be used to predict the performance of these impingement cold plates. Results are presented for novel physics-based laminar flow models for a TISE microchannel cold plate based on an equivalent parallel channel flow approach. We show that the new models accurately predict the thermal-hydraulic performance over a wide range of parameters.