bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Chronischer Beckenschmerz
Authors: Kuhn Annette
Published: May 2019

Zusammenfassung. Als chronischer Beckenschmerz (chronic pelvic pain, CPPS) wird ein Schmerzsyndrom bezeichnet, dass ohne vorliegende Infektion oder akutes Trauma zu teilweise invalidisierenden Schmerzen über mehr als drei Monate führt. Bei Frauen tritt dieses Syndrom oft gemeinsam mit Endometriose, Bladder Pain Syndrom oder interstitielle Zystitis auf, bei Männern mit chronischer abakterieller Prostatitis. Die Pävalenz des CPPS schwankt je nach Literaturangaben zwischen 1 – 11 % [1]. Der chronische Beckenschmerz stellt eine multifaktorielle Erkrankung unklarer Ätiologie dar. Es gibt keine international allgemein anerkannten und therapeutischen Standards für die Behandlung. Die Ursachen sind häufig unklar und ohne manifeste Infektionen oder definierbare Pathologien. Diagnosen wie Dyspareunie, Vaginismus, Anismus, Vulvodynie, Beckenringschmerzen, Coccygodynie und anorektale Schmerzen sind unter der Überschrift des CPPS häufig. Die Symptome des CPPS sind mannigfaltig. Dabei muss es sich nicht nur um Schmerzen handeln, sondern typischerweise auch um Beschwerden wie Missempfindungen, Brennen, Stechen, Kribbeln, Reizblasenbeschwerden, Druck-, Krampf- oder Verspannungsgefühlgefühl oder einfach einem unangenehmen Bewusstsein im Beckenbereich. Die Schmerzen können über dem Schambeinknochen im Bereich der Blase, entlang der Harnröhre, im Bereich der Labien, Klitoris, am Scheideneingang, am Damm, am After oder am Steissbein mit Ausstrahlungen in die Leiste oder in den Bauch auftreten. Die Symptome können konstant oder intermittierend, z. B. nur nach dem Wasserlösen, nach dem Stuhlen oder nach der Sexualität bemerkbar sein. Oft kann langes Sitzen, enge Kleidung, Kälte oder Stress die Beschwerden verstärken. Die Symptom-Palette kann durch Verkürzungen der am Becken angrenzenden Muskulatur oder Verspannung der Beckenbodenmuskulatur mit eventueller Bildung von Triggerpunkten entstehen oder unterhalten werden. Diese können gezielt physiotherapeutisch behandelt werden. Wie bei allen Rehabilitationsmassnahmen wird auf Grund des Befundes ein individueller Behandlungsplan erstellt.
Looking Ahead
Authors: de Matos Margarida Gaspar , Wainwright Tony , Brebels Lieven , Craciun Barbara , Gabrhelík Roman , Schjodt Britt Hjartnes , Plantade-Gipch Anne , Poštuvan Vita , Stojadinovic Irena , Richards Jennifer
Published: May 2019

Abstract. Across many domains of health and welfare, there have been remarkable advances in prevention where public-health models have had a significant impact. Psychology has much to offer in building on these successes and we describe some excellent examples, but in general, it has not been fully engaged with prevention science and implementation. We set out some of the key challenges and opportunities for psychology and prevention science in contemporary practice, recognizing that often the rhetoric from governments to support prevention interventions do not match up to making the necessary resources available. We argue that psychology must prioritize this area of practice as there is evidence that the gains of recent decades may be under threat without concerted efforts.
Retrieval of Chemical Abundances in Titan's Upper Atmosphere From Cassini UVIS Observations With Pointing Motion
Authors: Fan Siteng , Shemansky Donald E. , Li Cheng , Gao Peter , Wan Linfeng , Yung Yuk L.
Published: May 2019

Cassini/Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (UVIS) Far‐UV observations of stellar occultations at Titan are well suited for probing its atmospheric composition and structure. However, due to instrument pointing motion, only 5 out of tens of observations have been analyzed. We present an innovative retrieval method that corrects for the effect of pointing motion by forward modeling the Cassini/UVIS instrument response function with the pointing motion value obtained from the SPICE C‐kernel along the spectral dimension. To illustrate the methodology, an occultation observation made during flyby T52 is analyzed, when the Cassini spacecraft had insufficient attitude control. A high‐resolution stellar model and an instrument response simulator that includes the position of the point source on the detector are used for the analysis of the pointing motion. The Markov chain Monte Carlo method is used to retrieve the line‐of‐sight abundance profiles of eleven species (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, HCN, C4H2, C6N2, C6H6, haze, HC3N, and C2N2) in the spectral vector fitting process. We obtain tight constraints on all of the species aside from C2H6, C2N2, and C6N2, for which we only retrieved upper limits. This is the first time that the T52 occultation was used to derive abundances of major hydrocarbon and nitrile species in Titan's upper and middle atmosphere, as pointing motion prohibited prior analysis. With this new method, nearly all of the occultations obtained over the entire Cassini mission could yield reliable profiles of atmospheric composition, allowing exploration of Titan's upper atmosphere over seasons, latitudes, and longitudes.
Characteristics of High‐Energy Proton Responses to Geomagnetic Activities in the Inner Radiation Belt Observed by the RBSP Satellite
Authors: Xu Jiyao , He Zhaohai , Baker D. N. , Roth Ilan , Wang Chi , Kanekal S. G. , Jaynes A. N. , Liu Xiao
Published: May 2019

High‐energy trapped particles in the radiation belts constitute potential threats to the functionality of satellites as they enter into those regions. In the inner radiation belt, the characteristics of high‐energy (>20 MeV) protons variations during geomagnetic activity times have been studied by implementing 4‐year (2013–2016) observations of the Van Allen probes. An empirical formula has been used to remove the satellite orbit effect, by which proton fluxes have been normalized to the geomagnetic equator. Case studies show that the region of L < 1.7 is relatively stable, while L > 1.7 is more dynamic and the most significant variation of proton fluxes occurs at L = 2.0. The 4‐year survey at L = 2.0 indicates that for every geomagnetic storm, sharp descent in proton fluxes is accompanied by the corresponding depression of SYM‐H index, with a one‐to‐one correspondence, regardless of the storm intensity. Proton flux dropouts are synchronous with SYM‐H reduction with similar short timescales. Our observational results reveal that high‐energy protons in the inner radiation belt are very dynamic, especially for the outer zone of the inner belt, which is beyond our previous knowledge.
Interannual Variability of Antarctic Intermediate Water in the Tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Fu Yao , Wang Chunzai , Brandt Peter , Greatbatch Richard J.
Published: May 2019

Interannual variability of Antarctic Intermediate Water (AAIW) in the tropical North Atlantic is investigated using the GECCO2 ocean state estimate and Argo data. AAIW salinity variability near the western boundary is highly correlated with the transport along the western boundary on interannual timescales. Northward propagating anomalies are associated with the western boundary transport variability that, to some extent, is related to the large‐scale wind stress curl forcing by means of the Sverdrup balance. AAIW anomalies also propagate westward with the speed of baroclinic Rossby waves, indicating that the displacement of the meridional salinity gradient by westward propagation of baroclinic Rossby waves plays a role in the variability of AAIW characteristics. Slower eastward spreading of AAIW anomalies is identified on decadal timescales likely associated with the advection of salinity anomalies by weak eastward current bands. Understanding the observed interannual and decadal variability of AAIW salinity is important to properly interpret salinity changes reported in response to changes in the hydrological cycle.
Late Cenozoic Clockwise Rotations in the Westernmost Part of the Arcuate Qiulitage Fold‐and‐Thrust Belt of Southern Tian Shan Foreland and Its Tectonic Implications
Authors: Zhang Zhiliang , Sun Jimin , Lü Lixing , Tian Shengchen , Cao Mengmeng , Su Bai , Li Jiawei , Li Yousheng
Published: May 2019

Curvature of fold‐and‐thrust belts (FTBs) is a rather common feature in foreland basins. The problem of how curves in FTBs originate is essential for understanding the propagation of deformation and tectonic history of orogens. In this study, we carried out systematic paleomagnetic studies in the westernmost part of the Qiulitage FTB, southern Tian Shan foreland, where thrusting, strike‐slip fault, and tectonic boundary coexist. Our new results suggest that the study area has been subjected to ~20° clockwise rotations after ~5 Ma. Oroclinal test of the paleomagnetic data across the FTB suggests that oroclinal bending caused by the formation of the curved Qiulitage FTB is the dominate reason for these tectonic rotations. The Kalayuergun dextral strike‐slip transfer fault delimiting the western boundary of the Qiulitage FTB is a thin‐skinned structure accommodating the discrepancy in horizontal displacement on both sides of it. These results also suggest that the formation of the curved Qiulitage FTB should not be older than ~5 Ma, indicating that the southern Tian Shan foreland has experienced significant tectonic shortening since the latest Miocene to early Pliocene. Our new results, together with previous studies on deformation history, estimates of crustal shortening, GPS observations and earthquake records, suggest that the southern Tian Shan foreland has been subjected to significant deformation during the past ~5 million years, and the crustal shortening is still ongoing.
The Evolution of the Complex Anticlinal Belt With Crosscutting Strike‐Slip Faults in the Central Tarim Basin, NW China
Authors: Qiu Huabiao , Deng Shang , Cao Zicheng , Yin Ting , Zhang Zhongpei
Published: May 2019

Integrated 2‐D and 3‐D seismic data sets reveal that a WNW trending complex anticlinal belt (the Tazhong Uplift) was cut roughly perpendicularly by a series of NNE oriented strike‐slip faults in the central Tarim Basin, NW China. Through detailed interpretation of the internal architecture of the Tazhong Uplift and the structural characteristics of the strike‐slip faults, the timing of their movements was determined. Based upon their geometric relationship and coeval movement, we propose an integrated model for the evolution of both the Tazhong Uplift and the strike‐slip fault system. Initially, the Tazhong Uplift formed perpendicular to the NNE oriented compression that responded to the collision between the Tarim block and the western Kunlun terrane in the latest Middle Ordovician. Meanwhile, regional joints formed parallel to the maximum compression, that is, perpendicular to the Tazhong Uplift. In the latest Ordovician, northward compression caused the uplifting climax of the Tazhong Uplift in response to the collision between the Tarim block and the coherent eastern Kunlun‐Altyn Tagh‐Qaidam‐Qilian terrane. Under such a northward compression, the resolved shear stress on the NNE trending joints formed the transpressional strike‐slip faults. Afterward, the Tazhong Uplift tilted northward during the ongoing subduction from the Kunlun Ocean, which lasted until the latest Middle Devonian. The negative flower structures formed along the preexisting transpressional strike‐slip faults due to the dragging of the overlying covers in the latest Middle Devonian. The data and evolution model not only unveil the formation mechanism of the Tazhong Uplift and the associated strike‐slip faults but also provide further constraints on the evolutionary age of the Proto‐Tethys Ocean.
Impact of Mafic Underplating and Mantle Depletion on Subsequent Rifting: A Numerical Modeling Study
Authors: Chenin Pauline , Jammes Suzon , Lavier Luc L. , Manatschal Gianreto , Picazo Suzanne , Müntener Othmar , Karner Garry D. , Figueredo Patricio H. , Johnson Christopher
Published: May 2019

Orogenesis in the Variscan belt of Western Europe was followed by a major magmatic event during the Permian that formed a mafic lower crust by crystallizing pyroxenite and gabbros from mantle‐derived melts at the base of the continental crust. Partial melting of the asthenosphere left a significantly depleted mantle that was progressively incorporated into the subcontinental lithospheric mantle as the orogenic domain cooled. The potential impact of such large‐scale thermal and lithologic layering has never been taken into account in the study of the Alpine Tethys and North Atlantic rift systems that developed subsequently in Western Europe. Here we investigate via numerical modeling how a mafic heterogeneity within the lowermost part of a quartzo‐feldspathic continental crust and/or a zone of depleted mantle within the lithospheric mantle beneath a former orogenic domain could have influenced subsequent rifting. Our numerical modeling results indicate that, in a thermally equilibrated lithosphere, a mafic body within the lower continental crust or a zone of shallow depleted mantle prevents rifting of overlying weaknesses (e.g., faults and suture zones). We propose that the regional mafic lower crust beneath the Variscan orogenic domain may explain why the Tethyan and southern North‐Atlantic rift systems did not localize at former suture zones of the Western European orogenic lithosphere.
Organic Nutrients Support High Primary Production in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Sarma V. V. S. S. , Rao D. N. , Rajula G. R. , Dalabehera H. B. , Yadav K.
Published: May 2019

The Bay of Bengal (BoB) is known to experience low productivity but high sinking carbon fluxes to the bottom, and this paradox is attributed to mineral ballast of organic matter. We found for the first time that primary production in the BoB is higher, and it is supported by dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) and phosphorus (DOP) transported from the shelf regions through eddies. Both DON and DOP contribute up to 70–99% to the total dissolved nutrients in the waters above the thermocline. DON and DOP displayed positive relationship with primary production in the upper 25 m of water column, suggesting that organic nutrients significantly support primary producers. Primary production and export production in the BoB is comparable to that in the Arabian Sea, in contrast to the earlier belief that it has low production due to lack of inorganic nutrients caused by strong salinity stratification.
Equatorial Propagation of the Magnetosonic Mode Across the Plasmapause: 2‐D PIC Simulations
Authors: Min Kyungguk , Němec František , Liu Kaijun , Denton Richard E. , Boardsen Scott A.
Published: May 2019

Recent studies have indicated that fast magnetosonic waves (also referred to as equatorial noise) excited far outside the plasmapause cannot propagate deep into the plasmasphere because of the preferential azimuthal propagation of the waves at the source region. Since conditions in the low‐density plasma trough are typically favorable for the wave excitation, one possible explanation for the magnetosonic wave origin inside the plasmapause is refraction of the waves excited in the plasma trough but close to the plasmapause. In this study, two‐dimensional particle‐in‐cell (PIC) simulations are carried out at the dipole magnetic equator to investigate the self‐consistent excitation and propagation of magnetosonic waves across the steep plasmapause density gradient. The simulations show that the magnetosonic waves grow outside the plasmapause and propagate predominantly in the azimuthal direction. However, the waves excited close to the plasmapause experience refraction toward the density gradient, allowing them to cross the plasmapause and then propagate dominantly toward the Earth. The amount of refraction is in good agreement with a theoretical prediction based on the geometric optic approximation. We find that the refraction at the plasmapause can redirect magnetosonic waves toward the Earth, but an additional mechanism is needed to account for the statistical properties of the wave electric field polarization reported in the plasmasphere.
Proteomics quantifies protein expression changes in a model cnidarian colonised by a thermally tolerant but suboptimal symbiont
Authors: Sproles Ashley E , Oakley Clinton A , Matthews Jennifer L , Peng Lifeng , Owen Jeremy G , Grossman Arthur R , Weis Virginia M , Davy Simon K
Published: May 2019

The acquisition of thermally tolerant algal symbionts by corals has been proposed as a natural or assisted mechanism of increasing coral reef resilience to anthropogenic climate change, but the cell-level processes determining the performance of new symbiotic associations are poorly understood. We used liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the effects of an experimentally induced symbiosis on the host proteome of the model sea anemone Exaiptasia pallida. Aposymbiotic specimens were colonised by either the homologous dinoflagellate symbiont (Breviolum minutum) or a thermally tolerant, ecologically invasive heterologous symbiont (Durusdinium trenchii). Anemones containing D. trenchii exhibited minimal expression of Niemann-Pick C2 proteins, which have predicted biochemical roles in sterol transport and cell recognition, and glutamine synthetases, which are thought to be involved in nitrogen assimilation and recycling between partners. D. trenchii-colonised anemones had higher expression of methionine-synthesising betaine–homocysteine S-methyltransferases and proteins with predicted oxidative stress response functions. Multiple lysosome-associated proteins were less abundant in both symbiotic treatments compared with the aposymbiotic treatment. The differentially abundant proteins are predicted to represent pathways that may be involved in nutrient transport or resource allocation between partners. These results provide targets for specific experiments to elucidate the mechanisms underpinning compensatory physiology in the coral–dinoflagellate symbiosis.
Correction to: Suppressive effects of plumbagin on invasion and migration of breast cancer cells via the inhibition of STAT3 signaling and down-regulation of inflammatory cytokine expressions
Authors: Yan Wei , Tu Bing , Liu Yun-yun , Wang Ting-yu , Qiao Han , Zhai Zan-jing , Li Hao-wei , Tang Ting-ting
Published: May 2019

During re-read of our previously article [1] published in Bone Research, we regretted to find a mistake in Figure 1B. The representative figure chosen to compare the inhibitory effect of 0 μmol·L−1 plumbagin upon breast cancer metastasis was wrong due to the mishandling in manuscript preparation. Although this correction does not affect the results and conclusion of above paper, all the authors agree to correct this negligence as providing the right figure 1 presented below. We feel sorry and apologize for all the inconvenience it caused.
Clinical outcomes of two patients with a novel pathogenic variant in ASNS: response to asparagine supplementation and review of the literature
Authors: Sprute Rosanne , Ardicli Didem , Oguz Kader Karli , Malenica-Mandel Anna , Daimagüler Hülya-Sevcan , Koy Anne , Coskun Turgay , Wang Haicui , Topcu Meral , Cirak Sebahattin
Published: May 2019

Asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASNSD, OMIM #615574) is a rare autosomal recessive neurometabolic inborn error that leads to severe cognitive impairment. It manifests with microcephaly, intractable seizures, and progressive cerebral atrophy. Currently, there is no established treatment for this condition. In our pediatric cohort, we discovered, by whole-exome sequencing in two siblings from Turkey, a novel homozygous missense mutation in asparagine synthetase at NM_133436.3 (ASNS_v001): c.1108C>T that results in an amino acid exchange p.(Leu370Phe), in the C-terminal domain. After identification of the metabolic defect, treatment with oral asparagine supplementation was attempted in both patients for 24 months. Asparagine supplementation was well tolerated, and no further disease progression was observed during treatment. One of our patients showed mild developmental progress with increased levels of attention and improved nonverbal communication. These results support our hypothesis that asparagine supplementation should be further investigated as a treatment option for ASNSD. We further reviewed all previously reported ASNSD cases with regard for their clinical phenotypes and brain imaging findings to provide an essential knowledge base for rapid diagnosis and future clinical studies.
Author Correction: Mechanism-based tuning of insect 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase for synthetic bioproduction of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids
Authors: Vavricka Christopher J. , Yoshida Takanobu , Kuriya Yuki , Takahashi Shunsuke , Ogawa Teppei , Ono Fumie , Agari Kazuko , Kiyota Hiromasa , Li Jianyong , Ishii Jun , Tsuge Kenji , Minami Hiromichi , Araki Michihiro , Hasunuma Tomohisa , Kondo Akihiko
Published: May 2019

In the original version of this Article, the abbreviation of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetaldehyde synthase presented in the first paragraph of the Discussion section was given incorrectly as DYPAA. The correct abbreviation for this enzyme is DHPAAS. This error has been corrected in both the PDF and HTML versions of the Article.
Presentation of lung cancer in primary care
Authors: Weller D. P. , Peake M. D. , Field J. K.
Published: May 2019

Survival from lung cancer has seen only modest improvements in recent decades. Poor outcomes are linked to late presentation, yet early diagnosis can be challenging as lung cancer symptoms are common and non-specific. In this paper, we examine how lung cancer presents in primary care and review roles for primary care in reducing the burden from this disease. Reducing rates of smoking remains, by far, the key strategy, but primary care practitioners (PCPs) should also be pro-active in raising awareness of symptoms, ensuring lung cancer risk data are collected accurately and encouraging reluctant patients to present. PCPs should engage in service re-design and identify more streamlined diagnostic pathways—and more readily incorporate decision support into their consulting, based on validated lung cancer risk models. Finally, PCPs should ensure they are central to recruitment in future lung cancer screening programmes—they are uniquely placed to ensure the right people are targeted for risk-based screening programmes. We are now in an era where treatments can make a real difference in early-stage lung tumours, and genuine progress is being made in this devastating illness—full engagement of primary care is vital in effecting these improvements in outcomes.
Development of pink-beam 4D phase CT for in-situ observation of polymers under infrared laser irradiation
Authors: Vegso Karol , Wu Yanlin , Takano Hidekazu , Hoshino Masato , Momose Atsushi
Published: May 2019

Four-dimensional phase computed tomography (4D phase CT) by an X-ray Talbot interferometer (XTI) with white synchrotron radiation has ever been demonstrated at a temporal resolution of about 1 s for soft-matter samples. However, the radiation damage to samples caused by white synchrotron radiation occasionally hampers our understanding of the sample dynamical properties. Based on the fact that XTI functions with X-rays of a bandwidth up to ca. 10% with performance comparable to that by monochromatic X-rays, filtering white synchrotron radiation to generate a ‘pink-beam’ of a 10% bandwidth is effective to reduce radiation damage without degrading the image quality and temporal resolution. We have therefore developed pink-beam 4D phase CT at SPring-8, Japan by installing a multilayer mirror with a 10% bandwidth and a 25 keV central photon energy. XTI optimal at this photon energy was built downstream, and a CMOS-based X-ray detector was used to achieve fast image acquisitions with an exposure time of 1 ms (or 0.5 ms) per moiré image. The resultant temporal resolution of pink-beam 4D phase CT was 2 s (1 s). We applied the pink-beam 4D phase CT to in-situ observation of polypropylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), and polycarbonate under infrared laser irradiation (1064 nm). The dynamics of melting, bubbling, and ashing were successfully visualized in 3D movies without problematic radiation damage by synchrotron radiation.
Accelerating upward treeline shift in the Altai Mountains under last-century climate change
Authors: Cazzolla Gatti Roberto , Callaghan Terry , Velichevskaya Alena , Dudko Anastasia , Fabbio Luca , Battipaglia Giovanna , Liang Jingjing
Published: May 2019

Treeline shift and tree growth often respond to climatic changes and it is critical to identify and quantify their dynamics. Some regions are particularly sensitive to climate change and the Altai Mountains, located in Central and East Asia, are showing unequivocal signs. The mean annual temperature in the area has increased by 1.3–1.7 °C in the last century. As this mountain range has ancient and protected forests on alpine slopes, we focus on determining the treeline structure and dynamics. We integrated in situ fine-scale allometric data with analyses from dendrochronological samples, high-resolution 3D drone photos and new satellite images to study the dynamics and underlying causal mechanisms of any treeline movement and growth changes in a remote preserved forest at the Aktru Research Station in the Altai Mountain. We show that temperature increase has a negative effect on mountain tree growth. In contrast, only younger trees grow at higher altitudes and we document a relatively fast upward shift of the treeline. During the last 52 years, treeline moved about 150 m upward and the rate of movement accelerated until recently. Before the 1950s, it never shifted over 2150–2200 m a.s.l. We suggest that a continuous upward expansion of the treeline would be at the expense of meadow and shrub species and radically change this high-mountain ecosystem with its endemic flora. This documented treeline shift represents clear evidence of the increased velocity of climate change during the last century.
Regulation of Cholesterol Homeostasis by a Novel Long Non-coding RNA LASER
Authors: Li Chuanwei , Hu Zhangxue , Zhang Wen , Yu Junyi , Yang Yang , Xu Zaicheng , Luo Hao , Liu Xiaoli , Liu Yukai , Chen Caiyu , Cai Yue , Xia Xuewei , Zhang Xiaoqun , Wang Da-zhi , Wu Gengze , Zeng Chunyu
Published: May 2019

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified many genetic variants in genes related to lipid metabolism. However, how these variations affect lipid levels remains elusive. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in a variety of biological processes. We hypothesize lncRNAs are likely to be located within disease or trait-associated DNA regions to regulate lipid metabolism. The aim of this study was to investigate whether and how lncRNAs in lipid- associated DNA regions regulate cholesterol homeostasis in hepatocytes. In this study, we identified a novel long non-coding RNA in Lipid Associated Single nucleotide polymorphism gEne Region (LASER) by bioinformatic analysis. We report that LASER is highly expressed in both hepatocytes and peripheral mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Clinical studies showed that LASER expression is positively related with that of cholesterol containing apolipoprotein levels. In particular, we found that LASER is positively correlated with plasma PCSK9 levels in statin free patients. siRNAs mediated knock down of LASER dramatically reduces intracellular cholesterol levels and affects the expression of genes involved in cholesterol metabolism. Transcriptome analyses show that knockdown of LASER affects the expression of genes involved in metabolism pathways. We found that HNF-1α and PCSK9 were reduced after LASER knock-down. Interestingly, the reduction of PCSK9 can be blocked by the treatment of berberine, a natural cholesterol-lowering compound which functions as a HNF-1α antagonist. Mechanistically, we found that LASER binds to LSD1 (lysine-specific demethylase 1), a member of CoREST/REST complex, in nucleus. LASER knock-down enhance LSD1 targeting to genomic loci, resulting in decreased histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation at the promoter regions of HNF-1α gene. Conversely, LSD1 knock-down abolished the effect of LASER on HNF-1α and PCSK9 expressions. Finally, we found that statin treatment increased LASER expression, accompanied with increased PCSK9 expression, suggesting a feedback regulation of cholesterol on LASER expression. This observation may partly explain the statin escape during anti-cholesterol treatment. These findings identified a novel lncRNA in cholesterol homeostasis. Therapeutic targeting LASER might be an effective approach to augment the effect of statins on cholesterol levels in clinics.
Perceptual constraints on colours induce the universality of linguistic colour categorisation
Authors: Gong Tao , Gao Hangxian , Wang Zhen , Shuai Lan
Published: May 2019

The universal linguistic colour categorisation pattern as evident in the World Colour Survey (WCS) has been a principal focus of investigations on the relationship between language and cognition, yet most existing studies have failed to clarify whether this universality resulted primarily from individual perceptual constraints and/or socio-cultural transmissions. This paper designed an agent-based, unsupervised learning model to address the relative importance of these two aspects to linguistic colour categorisation. By directly comparing with the empirical data in the WCS, our study demonstrated that: the physical colour stimuli that reflect human perceptual constraints on colours trigger a categorisation pattern quantitatively resembling the WCS data, the randomised stimuli that distort such constraints lead to distinct categorisation patterns, and the processes of linguistic categorisation in both cases follow similar dynamics. These results reveal how perceptual and socio-cultural factors interact with each other to trigger linguistic universality, and serve as decisive evidence that human perceptual constraints induce the universality in linguistic categorisation, yet socio-cultural transmissions, though imperative, play an auxiliary role of transcribing perceptual constraints into common linguistic categories with slight variations.
Staphylococcus aureus induces DNA damage in host cell
Authors: Deplanche Martine , Mouhali Nassim , Nguyen Minh-Thu , Cauty Chantal , Ezan Frédéric , Diot Alan , Raulin Lesly , Dutertre Stephanie , Langouet Sophie , Legembre Patrick , Taieb Frederic , Otto Michael , Laurent Frédéric , Götz Friedrich , Le Loir Yves , Berkova Nadia
Published: May 2019

Staphylococcus aureus causes serious medical problems in human and animals. Here we show that S. aureus can compromise host genomic integrity as indicated by bacteria-induced histone H2AX phosphorylation, a marker of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs), in human cervix cancer HeLa and osteoblast-like MG-63 cells. This DNA damage is mediated by alpha phenol-soluble modulins (PSMα1–4), while a specific class of lipoproteins (Lpls), encoded on a pathogenicity island in S. aureus, dampens the H2AX phosphorylation thus counteracting the DNA damage. This DNA damage is mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS), which promotes oxidation of guanine forming 7,8-dihydro-8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG). DNA damage is followed by the induction of DNA repair that involves the ATM kinase-signaling pathway. An examination of S. aureus strains, isolated from the same patient during acute initial and recurrent bone and joint infections (BJI), showed that recurrent strains produce lower amounts of Lpls, induce stronger DNA-damage and prompt the G2/M transition delay to a greater extent that suggest an involvement of these mechanisms in adaptive processes of bacteria during chronicization. Our findings redefine our understanding of mechanisms of S. aureus-host interaction and suggest that the balance between the levels of PSMα and Lpls expression impacts the persistence of the infection.
Boron Nitride Nanotubes as Filler for Resin-Based Dental Sealants
Authors: Bohns Fabio Rocha , Degrazia Felipe Weidenbach , de Souza Balbinot Gabriela , Leitune Vicente Castelo Branco , Samuel Susana Maria Werner , García-Esparza Maria Angeles , Sauro Salvatore , Collares Fabricio Mezzomo
Published: May 2019

The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of boron-nitride nanotubes (BNNTs) on the properties of resin-based light-curing dental sealants (RBSs) when incorporated at different concentration. RBSs were formulated using methacrylate monomers (90 wt.% TEGDMA, 10 wt.% Bis-GMA). BNNTs were added to the resin blend at 0.1 wt.% and 0.2 wt.%. A Control group without filler was also designed. Degree of conversion, ultimate tensile strength, contact angle, surface free energy, surface roughness and color of the RBSs were evaluated for the tested materials. Their cytotoxicity and mineral deposition ability (Bioactivity) were also assessed. A suitable degree of conversion, no effect in mechanical properties and no cytotoxic effect was observed for the experimental materials. Moreover, the surface free energy and the surface roughness decreased with the addition of BNNTs. While the color analysis showed no difference between specimens containing BNNTs and the control group. Mineral deposition occurred in all specimens containing BNNTs after 7d. In conclusion, the incorporation of BNNTs may provide bioactivity to resin-based dental sealants and reduce their surface free energy.
Author Correction: Moderate acute alcohol intoxication increases visual motion repulsion
Authors: Wang Zhengchun , Wang Huan , Tzvetanov Tzvetomir , Zhou Yifeng
Published: May 2019

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.
A label-free photoelectrochemical aptasensor for facile and ultrasensitive mercury ion assay based on a solution-phase photoactive probe and exonuclease III-assisted amplification
Authors: Xu Ningning , Hou Ting , Li Feng
Published: May 2019

An immobilization-free and label-free PEC aptasensing strategy has been developed, with methylene blue in homogeneous solution as a photoactive probe and bare ITO glass as a working electrode and ultrasensitive and highly specific Hg2+ analysis is successfully achieved.
Ultrafast synthesis of fluorine-18 doped bismuth based upconversion nanophosphors for tri-modal CT/PET/UCL imaging in vivo
Authors: Li Yuhao , Liu Jie , Qin Xiaojia , Deng Yong , Zhang Jianping , Sun Yun
Published: May 2019

A fluorine-18 doped bismuth upconversion luminescence (UCL) nanoprobe (18F-UNBOF) was quickly synthesized within 1 min at room temperature, and it could be utilized for computed tomography (CT), positron emission tomography (PET) and UCL imaging in vivo.
Enantioselective reduction of N-alkyl ketimines with frustrated Lewis pair catalysis using chiral borenium ions
Authors: Mercea Dan M. , Howlett Michael G. , Piascik Adam D. , Scott Daniel J. , Steven Alan , Ashley Andrew E. , Fuchter Matthew J.
Published: May 2019

Effective enantioselective reduction of ketimines has been demonstrated by ‘frustrated’ Lewis pair catalysis using an IBiox-stabilised borenium cation.
Spin-crossover behavior of neutral iron(iii) complexes with salicylaldehyde thio-, seleno- and semicarbazone ligands: experiment and theoretical analysis
Authors: Spitsyna Nataliya G. , Blagov Maxim A. , Lazarenko Vladimir A. , Zorina Leokadiya V. , Vasiliev Alexander N. , Krapivin Vladimir B. , Svetogorov Roman D. , Maximova Olga V. , Simonov Sergey V. , Yagubskii Eduard B.
Published: May 2019

A novel neutral complex [FeIII(Hsemsal)(semsal)]·3H2O was synthesized and its magnetic properties, and crystal and electronic structures were studied.
Quercetin inhibits kidney fibrosis and the epithelial to mesenchymal transition of the renal tubular system involving suppression of the Sonic Hedgehog signaling pathway
Authors: Liu Xianghua , Sun Ning , Mo Nan , Lu Shan , Song Eli , Ren Chuanchuan , Li Zhenzhen
Published: May 2019

Quercetin is the most ubiquitous flavonoid in fruits, herbs, vegetables and products made from them.
Combination of 47Ti and 48Ti for the determination of highly polydisperse TiO2 particle size distributions by spICP-MS
Authors: Bucher Guillaume , Auger François
Published: May 2019

Particle size distribution (PSD) of a highly polydisperse TiO2 sample determined by spICP-MS.
Recognition of the persistent organic pollutant chlordecone by a hemicryptophane cage
Authors: Long Augustin , Lefevre Sara , Guy Laure , Robert Vincent , Dutasta Jean-Pierre , Chevallier Marion L. , Della-Negra Oriane , Saaidi Pierre-Loïc , Martinez Alexandre
Published: May 2019

Two molecular cages have been tested as receptors for the persistent organic pollutant chlordecone.
A turn-on fluorescent probe for sensitive detection of ascorbic acid based on SiNP–MnO2nanocomposites
Authors: Xing Ke , Ge Jia , Wang Wei-Xia , Geng Xin , Shen Xue-Ping , Tang Jin-Lu , Qu Ling-Bo , Sun Yuan-Qiang , Li Zhao-Hui
Published: May 2019

A nanoprobe prepared by coupling nanoparticles (SiNPs) with BSA templated-MnO2nanosheets was constructed for ascorbic acid analysis.
An integrated targeting drug delivery system based on the hybridization of graphdiyne and MOFs for visualized cancer therapy
Authors: Xue Zhongbo , Zhu Mengyao , Dong Yuze , Feng Tong , Chen Zhuozhi , Feng Yaqing , Shan Zhongqiang , Xu Jialiang , Meng Shuxian
Published: May 2019

Graphdiyne and UIO-66-NH2 form a framework structure as a drug carrier and apply to tumor therapy.
A multilayer-graphene nanosheet film deposited on a ceramic substrate without a catalyst for constructing an electrochemiluminescence imaging platform
Authors: Wang Jiannan , Shang Pengxiang , Zhong Jiangyan , Lin Shan , Chi Yuwu
Published: May 2019

Without a catalyst, a multi-layer graphene nanosheet (MLGNS) film is deposited on a ceramic substrate by using ethanol as the carbon source. The MLGNS film/ceramic shows promising applications in electrochemistry.
Correction: High piezo-resistive performances of anisotropic composites realized by embedding rGO-based chitosan aerogels into open cell polyurethane foams
Authors: Zhai Tianliang , Verdolotti Letizia , Kaciulis Saulius , Cerruti Pierfrancesco , Gentile Gennaro , Xia Hesheng , Stanzione Mariamelia , Buonocore Giovanna Giuliana , Lavorgna Marino
Published: May 2019

Correction for ‘High piezo-resistive performances of anisotropic composites realized by embedding rGO-based chitosan aerogels into open cell polyurethane foams’ by Tianliang Zhai et al., Nanoscale, 2019, 11, 8835–8844.
A click mediated route to a novel fluorescent pyridino-extended calix[4]pyrrole sensor: synthesis and binding studies
Authors: Rifai Ahmad , AlHaddad Nancy , Noun Manale , Abbas Ismail , Tabbal Malek , Shatila Rania , Cazier-Dennin Francine , Danjou Pierre-Edouard
Published: May 2019

This new cali[4]pyrrole entity displays molecular fluorescence recognition capabilities towards iron and mercury which are major environmental contaminants.
Living polymerization of acrylamides catalysed by N-heterocyclic olefin-based Lewis pairs
Authors: Wang Huaiyu , Wang Qianyi , He Jianghua , Zhang Yuetao
Published: May 2019

Living/controlled polymerization of acrylamides achieved by a Lewis pair composed of an N-heterocyclic olefin as a Lewis base and triphenylaluminum as a Lewis acid.
Preparation and property investigation of chain end functionalized cis-1,4 polybutadienes via de-polymerization and cross metathesis of cis-1,4 polybutadienes
Authors: Ying Weilun , Pan Weijing , Gan Qiao , Jia Xiaoyu , Grassi Alfonso , Gong Dirong
Published: May 2019

The end-functional cis-1,4 polybutadiene displayed improved thermal stability and mechanistic properties.
Polymer grafted graphitic carbon nitrides as precursors for reinforced lubricant hydrogels
Authors: Kumru Baris , Molinari Valerio , Hilgart Markus , Rummel Florian , Schäffler Michael , Schmidt Bernhard V. K. J.
Published: May 2019

Carbon nitride-based hydrogels are formed in a two-step procedure and feature significant toughness, compressibility and lubricant properties.
Two studies comparing students’ explanations of an oxidation–reduction reaction after viewing a single computer animation: the effect of varying the complexity of visual images and depicting water molecules
Authors: Cole Martin H. , Rosenthal Deborah P. , Sanger Michael J.
Published: May 2019

This paper describes two studies comparing students’ explanations of an oxidation–reduction reaction after viewing the chemical demonstration and one of two different particulate-level computer animations. In the first study, the two animations differed primarily in the complexity of the visual images. Students viewing the more simplified animation provided more correct explanations regarding the identity of water and nitrate ions in the animations, the absence of ion pairs, the correct ratios of silver to nitrate ions and silver ions to copper atoms, the electron transfer process, size changes in the atoms and ions as the reaction occurred, the source of blue colour in solution, and the driving force for the reaction. Students viewing the more simplified animation also wrote more correct balanced chemical equations for the reaction compared to students viewing the more complex animation. Students in the first study also noted that the more simplified animation did not depict extraneous information (camera angle changes, the overabundance of water molecules), and did depict relevant information (atom and ion charges, the number of electrons transferred, the source of the blue colour). In the second study, the two animations differed only by whether water molecules were shown or omitted from the animation. Students’ explanations for most concepts were similar for these two groups of students; however, students viewing the animation with water molecules omitted were better able to identify nitrate ions in the animation. The only difference the students in the second study noticed between the two animations is the presence or absence of water molecules, but these student did not agree as to whether showing or omitting water molecules was more beneficial. The results of the two studies together suggest that showing or omitting water molecules in the animations had a limited effect on students’ explanations of the oxidation–reduction process.
Construction and interconversion of anion-coordination-based (‘aniono’) grids and double helicates modulated by counter-cations
Authors: Fan Xiaoxia , Zhang Dan , Jiang Shiyu , Wang Heng , Lin Lin-Ting , Zheng Bo , Xu Wen-Hua , Zhao Yanxia , Hay Benjamin P. , Chan Yi-Tsu , Yang Xiao-Juan , Li Xiaopeng , Wu Biao
Published: May 2019

‘Aniono’ double helicates and grids were constructed using PO43− anions and a bis–tris(urea) ligand and interconverted by changing the counter-cation.
Prediction method for ionospheric clutter suppression for HFSWR
Authors: Zhe Lyu , ChangJun Yu , AiJun Liu
Published: May 2019

The detection performance of high‐frequency surface wave radar (HFSWR) is significantly impacted by ionospheric clutter and sea clutter. In order to suppress the ionospheric clutter, a new method based on the largest Lyapunov exponent prediction algorithm is proposed in this Letter. Firstly, it is demonstrated, for the first time, that the ionospheric clutter from HFSWR is a chaotic dynamical process, and then the largest Lyapunov exponent is estimated using the Wolf algorithm. After verifying the actual data, this suppression algorithm can decrease the amplitude of the ionospheric clutter by at least 30 dB.
Video‐based method for detecting potential risks among multiple electric bikes
Authors: Xia Yingji , Gao Yuhong , Tian Jing , Liu Tianze
Published: May 2019

The tremendous adoption and usage of electric bikes have caused a series of challenges to road safety in China. The existing researches mainly use accumulated trajectory clusters or pairwise conflict indicators to model the potential risks among electric bikes, neglecting different spatial interactions from surrounding electric bikes or the corresponding temporal causality. A novel video‐based sequential heat map method is proposed to represent the temporal influence area of a running electric bike as a teardrop‐shaped thermal potential field, instead of accumulating group conflicts from irrelevant trajectories or decomposing them into several pairwise indicators. A time decay factor along with a thermal diffusion process is introduced in order to retain both spatial and temporal motion information. Moreover, a spatial–temporal potential risk index scheme based on the sequential heat map model is proposed to detect the type of potential risk as well as the occurring time and place. The experiment results have shown its strength and efficiency of the proposed risk detecting method in seeking for the potential risk areas and electric bikes’ conflicts.
Design guidelines for edge‐coupled waveguide unitravelling carrier photodiodes with improved bandwidth
Authors: Razavi Pedram , Schulz Stefan , Roycroft Brendan , Corbett Brian , O'Reilly Eoin P.
Published: May 2019

This study presents experimental and simulation results for edge‐coupled waveguide unitravelling‐carrier (UTC) photodiodes based on an InGaAs/InP heterostructure. Experimental results are used to calibrate the numerical device simulator. The authors study how different aspects of the UTC photodiode epistructure and contacts impact on the overall device bandwidth, calculating the photoresponse for different structural parameters and doping concentration profiles. The effect of these parameters on the 3‐dB cut‐off frequency is studied, and design guidelines for UTC photodiodes with improved performance are presented. The UTC photodiode simulated using authors’ design guidelines has a 3 dB cut‐off frequency of 49 GHz, a factor of 2 larger than the 25 GHz cut‐off of the fabricated UTC photodiode.
Mover guide in a linear electric generator with double‐sided stationary stators
Authors: Kenfack Pierre , Matt Daniel , Enrici Philippe
Published: May 2019

This study addresses double‐sided stationary stators in a linear electric generator with similar operation to a linear oscillatory motion electric machine. The plate mover in the linear electric generator's double‐sided stationary stators is powered by the acoustic power output of the thermoacoustic engine's acoustic line. The main originality of this structure resides in the linear guidance used for the moving part. The mover is made up of a plate of sandwich magnets between two stators. This plate is in magnetic balance between the two stators through a controlled friction device.
Performance of a tubular machine driven by an external‐combustion free‐piston engine
Authors: Baker Nick J. , Korbekandi Ramin M. , Sa. Jalal Aslan , Wu Dawei
Published: May 2019

Free‐piston engines have the potential to offer a compact machine capable of delivering electrical power. In this work, the design and modelling of a linear tubular generator are presented and used to investigate the effect of the electrical machine design on engine performance. A cogging‐force‐reduction technique is presented and used as a case study to demonstrate the importance of the integrated design.
Effect of tooth tips on the electromagnetic performance of PM fractional‐slot modular machines using grain‐oriented electrical steel
Authors: Maraví‐Nieto Jaime , Azar Ziad , Thomas Arwyn S. , Zhu Zi‐Qiang
Published: May 2019

The effect of tooth tips on the performance variations due to using grain‐oriented electrical steel (GOES) stator laminations in permanent magnet fractional‐slot modular machines is studied in this work. It is concluded that the electromagnetic performance is further improved using GOES in machines with tooth tips compared to machines without tooth tips. This is due to a higher increment on the flux density in the airgap. The acoustic behaviour variations due to using GOES are predicted by analysing several mechanical‐ and acoustic‐related parameters. It is predicted that implementing GOES improves the acoustic behaviour in machines without tooth tips. Furthermore, the effects of GOES in machines with tooth tips are slightly improved compared to machines without tooth tips. However, in order to determine the real mechanical and acoustic behaviours, further analysis is needed.