bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Molecular targets for metastasis-directed therapy in malignant tumors
Authors: Bodenko V. V. , Larkina M. S. , Prach A. A. , Plotnikov E. V. , Belousov M. V. , Chernov V. I.
Published: July 2024

Over the past two decades, targeted therapy has actively developed and, demonstrating impressive clinical results, has gained an increasingly important role in the treatment of cancer. This was facilitated to a large extent by an in-depth understanding of the mechanisms of cancer development, and mainly, the discovery of molecular targets. Despite the fact that targeted therapy can radically change the results of treatment and the prognosis of the disease course in some cancer cases, its effectiveness is sometimes replaced by drug resistance, in others. The authors of the lecture analyzed and systematized therapeutic approaches to addressing a number of important molecular targets that are key for implementing a specific stage in human tumor pathogenesis. These include maintaining chronic proliferative signaling, promoting evasion of cell growth suppressors, inducing angiogenesis, forming immune surveillance, and activating invasion and metastasis. The lecture presented targeted therapy drugs used in the Russian Federation, including antibody-based drugs and small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitors. It also analyzed mechanisms of molecular interaction between these drugs and their targets, as well as possible factors for developing resistance and ways to overcome these resistance mechanisms.
Analyzing serological screening of the functional state of gastric mucosa in clinical practice
Authors: Belkovets A. V. , Ozhiganova N. V. , Kruchinina M. V. , Polonskaya Ya. V. , Shcherbakova L. V.
Published: July 2024

Aim. To analyze the results of the GastroPanel and GastroScreen-3 tests over a 15-year follow-up and determine the incidence of autoimmune gastritis (AIG) in clinical practice and in a random sample of Novosibirsk residents. Materials and methods. Biomarkers were analyzed in two groups: 1,742 people, average age of 50.0 ± 13.53 years (GastroPanel test, Biohit Oy, Finland), and 170 people, average age of 53.8 ± 12.89 years (GastroScreen-3 test, Vector-Best, Russia), from 2007 to 2022. The AIG incidence was calculated in current clinical practice and in a random sample of Novosibirsk residents aged 45–69 years. The PGI level of 160 µg / l was taken as the upper limit of normal, PGI of 31–50 µg / l indicated moderate atrophy, PGI < 30 µg / l and the PGI / PGII ratio ≤ 3 indicated severe gastric fundus atrophy. AIG was considered at PGI ≤ 10.1 μg / l, the PGI / PGI ratio ≤ 1.3, and gastrin-17 ≥ 42.4 pmol / l (GastroPanel) and at PGI ≤ 16.8 μg / l and the PGI / PGII ratio ≤ 1.5 (GastroScreen-3). The H. pylori IgG level > 42 EIU was considered to be positive. Antibodies to CagA protein were determined using the HelicoBest Antibody test (Vector-Best, Novosibirsk). Results. Serological signs of severe and moderate gastric fundus atrophy were detected in 10 and 9.4% (GastroPanel test) and in 13.3 and 7% (GastroScreen-3 test) of those examined, respectively. Signs of multifocal atrophy were found in 0.7% of cases. Antibodies to H. pylori were detected in 57.7%, CagA+ strain – in 56.1% of cases. Peptic ulcer disease (PGI ≥160 µg / l) was found in 15.3% (GastroPanel test) and 10% (GastroScreen-3 test) of the examined. According to the GastroPanel and GastroScreen-3 tests, the incidence of AIG was 1.6% in a random sample and 2.6 and 3.5% in current clinical practice, respectively. Conclusion. Twenty percent of the examined persons were at risk of developing gastric cancer and 10–15% had peptic ulcer disease, which requires further examination. The incidence of AIG in different study groups based on serological screening was 1.6–3.5%.
Olmeda de las Fuentes. Propuestas bioclim�ticas en el espacio p�blico
Authors: C�rdoba Hern�ndez Rafael , Rom�n L�pez Mar�a Emilia , Alonso Ramos Andrea , Aranda Barrios Estela , Eiroa Escalada Teresa , Gallego Gamazo Cristina , Garc�a Gonz�lez Mar�a Cristina , Gerez Alonso Mar�a Jos� , G�mez Nieto Alicia , Grande Bl�zquez Paula , Harradine Abalo Rebeca , Higueras Garc�a Ester , Mandic Neva , Mart�nez de Paz Sarah , Matesanz Parellada �ngela , Recalde Arranz Sergio , Pereira �lvarez Carlos , Petrus Jacob , Piquer Ortega Marta , Prieto Mi�ano Miguel Angel , Ricote Crespo Ruth , Ricq de Haro Sara , Rodr�guez Escudero �lvaro Daniel , Rubio Garc�a Silvia , Ruiz Rodr�guez Cristina , S�nchez Armijo Aurora , Sim�n Rojo Marian , Tamayo Palacios Alejandro , T�llez Fern�ndez Alejandra , Ubierna Cid Alicia
Published: July 2024

Olmeda de las Fuentes. Propuestas bioclim�ticas en el espacio p�blico. Publicaci�n digital de los trabajos elaborados por los estudiantes del curso 2022/23 de la asignatura La Ciudad y el Medio de la Escuela T�cnica Superior de Arquitectura de Madrid de la Universidad Polit�cnica de Madrid. Muestra una serie de propuestas elaboradas en la asignatura para mejorar bioclim�ticamente diferentes espacios p�blicos municipales en el marco del acuerdo realizado entre el Departamento de Urban�stica y Ordenaci�n del Territorio y el Excmo. Ayuntamiento de Olmeda de las Fuentes (Madrid).
Technological innovations in vineyard spraying: assessment of PWM technology and future prospects
Authors: Lewis Maude , Codis Sébastien , Delpuech Xavier , Ribeyrolles Xavier , Naud Olivier , Vergès Adrien
Published: July 2024

The Institut Français de la Vigne et du Vin and INRAE have worked with the companies OPTIMA Concept and Berthoud to develop a high-precision digitally controlled sprayer that automatically adjusts the volume of spray delivered by each nozzle according to geo-referenced guidance maps. This paper describes the technical characteristics and performance of the solutions studied, and outlines the prospects for deploying these technologies in viticulture.
Characterization of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) Thin Films Towards Terahertz (THz) Functional Device Applications
Authors: Sahoo Anup Kumar , Au Wei-Chen , Pan Ci-Ling
Published: July 2024

In this study, we explored the manipulation of optical properties in the terahertz (THz) frequency band of radio-frequency (RF) sputtered indium-tin-oxide (ITO) thin-films on highly resistive silicon substrate by rapid thermal annealing (RTA). The optical constants of as-deposited and RTA-processed ITO films annealed at 400°C, 600°C and 800°C are determined in the frequency range of 0.2 to 1.0 THz. The transmittance can be changed from ~ 27% for as-deposited to ~ 10% and ~ 39% for ITO films heat-treated at different annealing temperatures, Ta’s. Such variations of optical properties in the far infrared for the samples under study are correlated with their mobility and carrier concentration, which are extracted from Drude-Smith modeling of THz conductivity with plasma frequency, scattering time and the c-parameters as fitting parameters. Resistivities of the films are in the range of 10-3 to 10-4 W-cm, confirming that annealed ITO films can potentially be used as transparent conducting electrodes for photonic devices operating at THz frequencies. The highest mobility, m = 47 cm2/V∙s, with carrier concentration, Nc = 1.31´1021 cm-3, was observed for ITO films annealed at Ta = 600°C. The scattering times of the samples were in the range of 8 – 21 fs, with c-values of -0.63 to -0.87, indicating strong back scattering of the carriers, mainly by grain boundaries in the polycrystalline film. To better understand the nature of these films, we have also characterized the surface morphology, microscopic structural properties and chemical composition of as-deposited and RTA-processed ITO thin-films. For comparison, we have summarized the optical properties of ITO films sputtered on fused silica substrates, as-deposited and RTA-annealed, in the visible transparency window of 400-800nm. The optical bandgaps of the ITO thin films were evaluated with a Tauc plot from the absorption spectra.
Effects of covid19 Pandemic on the Mental Health of Employees in Ghana: The Moderating Role of Social Capital
Authors: Kwartemaa Rita , Baidoo Jnr Francis
Published: July 2024

The study examined the impact of social capital in moderating the effects of the Covid19 pandemic on workers' mental health. We posited that their level of social capital influences workers’ mental health during the Covid19 crisis. Data was sourced from a cross-sectional survey of 422 employees from various industries in Ghana, analyzed using partial least squares-based structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM).
Results indicated that the pandemic adversely affected employees' mental well-being, increasing anxiety levels. However, a higher degree of social capital within the workplace buffered these negative effects, enhancing mental health during this period. Essentially, strong workplace relationships and networks mitigated the pandemic's impact on employees' mental health in Ghana.
These findings underscore the importance of social capital in health outcomes, especially during crises. For industries in Ghana and beyond, the results emphasize the value of fostering strong social networks. In times of health crises, such as the Covid19 pandemic, robust social ties become crucial. As we navigate the aftermath of this pandemic and prepare for potential future crises, the lessons from this research highlight the need to integrate the knowledge gained from the Covid19 experience into our disaster response strategies. The role of social capital in such scenarios cannot be overstated
Synthesized Bis-Triphenyl Phosphonium-Based Nano Vesicles Have Potent and Selective Antibacterial Effects on Several Clinically Relevant Superbugs
Authors: Alfei Silvana , Zuccari Guendalina , Bacchetti Francesca , Torazza Carola , Milanese Marco , Siciliano Carlo , Athanassopoulos Constantinos M. , Piatti Gabriella , Schito Anna Maria
Published: July 2024

The increasing emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) pathogens, due to antibiotics misuse, translates in obstinate infections, with high morbidity and high-cost hospitalizations. To oppose these MDR superbugs, new antimicrobial options are necessary. Although both quaternary ammonium (QASs) and phosphonium salts (QPSs) possess antimicrobial effects, QPSs have been studied at lesser extent. Recently, we have successfully reported on the bacteriostatic and cytotoxic effects of a triphenyl phosphonium salt against MDR isolates of Enterococcus and Staphylococcus genus. Here, aiming at finding new antibacterial devices possibly bactericidal towards a broader spectrum of clinically relevant bacteria, responsible for severe human infections, we synthesized a water-soluble, sterically hindered quaternary phosphonium salt (BPPB). It encompasses two triphenyl phosphonium groups linked by a C12 alkyl chain, thus embodying the characteristics of molecules known as bola-amphiphiles. BPPB was characterized by ATR-FTIR, NMR and UV spectroscopy, FIA-MS (ESI), elemental analysis and potentiometric titrations. Optical and DLS analyses evidenced BPPB tendency to self-forming spherical vesicles in solution (45 nm by DLS), having a positive zeta potential (+18 mV). The antibacterial effects of BPPB were for the first time assessed against fifty clinical isolates of both Gram-positive and Gram-negative species. Excellent antibacterial effects were observed on all strains tested, involving all the most worrying species included in ESKAPE bacteria. The lowest MICs were 0.250 µg/mL, while the highest ones (32 µg/mL) were observed on MDR Gram-negative metallo-β-lactamase-producing bacteria and/or species resistant also to colistin, carbapenems, cefiderocol, so that intractable with current available antibiotics. Moreover, when administered to HepG2 human hepatic and Cos-7 monkey kidney cell lines, BPPB showed selectivity indices > 10 for all Gram-positive isolated and for clinically relevant Gram-negative superbugs such as those of E. coli species, thus being very promising to be clinically developed.
Teachers’ and Administrators’ Perspectives on School Princi-pals’ Self-Regulation Skills and Decision-Making Styles: A Mixed-Methods Study
Authors: Çekiç Özgün , Çınkır Şakir
Published: July 2024

This study explores the impact of self-regulation skills on the decision-making styles of school administrators in public primary schools. There is a noticeable gap in the literature regarding how self-regulation components—foresight, will control, and self-reflection—affect the deci-sion-making processes of school leaders. A mixed-methods approach was used, integrating quantitative data from the "Self-Regulation Skills Scale for School Administrators" and the "Deci-sion-Making Styles Scale" with qualitative data from semi-structured interviews with adminis-trators and teachers. The findings reveal that administrators with strong self-regulation skills predominantly use rational and intuitive decision-making styles. This correlation leads to more effective management and improved educational outcomes. The study underscores the im-portance of professional development programs aimed at enhancing self-regulation abilities among school administrators. Such improvements in self-regulation can lead to better deci-sion-making processes, ultimately benefiting student performance and overall school success.
Long-Term Monitoring of European Brown Hare (Lepus europaeus, L.) Population in the Slovak Danubian Lowland
Authors: Vizzarri Francesco , Slamecka Jaroslav , Sladecek Tomas , Jurčík Rastislav , Ondruška Ľubomír , Schults Peter
Published: July 2024

In many European countries over the last decades, arable fields dominate agriculture landscapes, leading to a very intensive land-use practices. This reason seems to be the main cause of popula-tions declines for numerous farmland species, including the European hare (Lepus europaeus Pallas, 1778). The Research institute for Animal Production (National Agricultural and Food Centre, Luzianky, Slovakia) has been engaged in a long monitoring project (project currently run-ning), collecting certain indicators of hare population dynamics during hunting season since 1987 to 2023 in the Slovak Danubian Lowland. In the same macro-area (Čiližská Radvaň and Lehnice) a study was conducted on the influence of permanent semi-natural vegetation in relation to re-cruitment, population density and production. The whole monitored period was aggregated into 5-years intervals (for a total of 7 time-intervals), with the aim of analyzing the brown hare popu-lation dynamics. Spring hare density in the Danubian Lowland is currently 20.8 hares/km2, with harvests of 4.6 hares/km2. During all the monitoring period, bag’s animals have been examined following the regular hunting operations for the purpose of age determination (weight of eye lenses), sex ratio and productivity. The results of our analysis showed that the proportion of juve-nile in bag (PYB) among those shot varied from 37.0 % of the last 5-years interval (2018-2023), to a maximum of 51.0 % in interval of years 1998-2002. On total average there were 1.86 juveniles per adult female (r). The proportion of adult females in gamebag varied from 22.58 % (years in-terval 1992-1997) to 31.26 % (years interval 2018-2023). Sex-ratio (SI; males : females) among shot hares showed a value of 0.50, ranged from 0.48 in the period 2008-2012 to 0.52 in the first observed period (years 1987-1991) and in the last one (years 2018-2023). Average weight of shot hares was 4.04 kg (juveniles 3.83 kg, adults 4.27 kg, adult males 4.21 kg and females 4.32 kg). There was a large positive effect of set-aside with special mixtures, created for hares in large-scale farmed agrarian landscape, on hare density, bag and recruitment. In model hunting grounds with such set-asides increased the spring stock by 25 %, bag by 100 % and recruitment by 20 %. This study reveals that the management of European brown hare is not sustainable, and the population is decreasing. It is proved through the decline of harvest hares and by population dynamics parameters. Environmental improvements lead to the stabilization and increasing of requested parameters.
The Phospho-Drp1-637/Fis1/Mid49 Cluster Modulates Mitochondrial Periphery Fission Signature Responses to Mitotic Arrest
Authors: Huey Jiun Ko , Tsai Cheng Yu , Nguyen Thi-Huong , Cheng Tai-Shan , Huang Chi-Ying F. , Wu Nian-Siou , Su Chun-Li , Tsai Po-Yu , Chiou Shean-Jaw , Lieu Ann-Shung , Loh Joon-Khim , Hong Yi-Ren
Published: July 2024

Drp1 is considered the master regulator of mitochondrial fission and affects the proper segregation during mitosis. Here, we identified two clusters on mitochondria, including Drp1-Ser-616/Mff/Mid51 and-Drp1-Ser637/Fis1/Mid49 for midzone fission (division) and peripheral fission signatures, respectively. This study revealed that phospho-Drp1-Ser637 is involved in mitigating mitochondrial oxidative stress, resolving a long-standing localization issue. Additionally, we demonstrated that Mid49 and Mid51 exhibit distinct functions in recruiting Drp1 for mitochondrial fission. It also confirmed the essential role of the Fis1 and Mid49 adaptors contributed into mitochondrial fission within the phospho-Drp1-Ser637/Fis1/Mid49 cluster during M-phase. Moreover, it suggested that there is mutual exclusivity between two clusters of phospho-Drp1 with four adaptors on mitochondria, as well as varied responses to specific anti-cancer drugs during mitotic arrest. Remarkably, the upregulation of the spindle assembly checkpoint (SAC) was also observed, ensuring the prolongation of M-phase with the formation of multipolar spindles. Collectively, the phospho-Drp1-637/Fis1/Mid49 cluster may not only function in peripheral fission (mitophagy) but also serve as a key SAC coordinator for the regulation of spindle assembly during mitotic arrest. These findings appear to be mutually exclusive of phospho-Drp1 with four adaptors on mitochondria and vary in response to specific anti-cancer drugs.
Impact and Regulations of AI on Labor Market and Employment in USA
Authors: Adhikari Prabin , Hamal Prashamsa
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the impact of AI regulations and adoption on labor markets and employment in the USA. In order to achieve the study's objective, a robust econometric approach was employed using Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to address multicollinearity among the variables. The regression analysis incorporated principal components representing overall AI adoption and education (PC1), AI innovation and academic output (PC2), economic growth (PC3), and unemployment and AI strategies (PC4). The analysis utilized heteroskedasticity-robust standard errors to ensure reliable coefficient estimates and tested for stationarity to confirm the stability of the time series data. Data were collected from 2010 to 2022, encompassing key AI-related and economic indicators.
The results reveal that higher AI adoption and education levels initially lead to job displacement, negatively impacting labor market metrics. Similarly, AI innovation and economic growth driven by AI do not immediately translate into job creation, reflecting transitional challenges. However, the strategic implementation of AI significantly mitigates these adverse effects and enhances employment conditions. The study finds that comprehensive AI strategies, robust regulatory frameworks, and effective workforce retraining and upskilling programs are essential for supporting labor market stability and promoting employment growth. Based on the findings, the study recommended that there is the need to develop and implement comprehensive AI strategies that include robust regulatory frameworks to support workforce transitions. Policies should focus on retraining and upskilling programs to help displaced workers adapt to new AI-driven roles.
Light Distortion Analyzer and Applications
Authors: S. Alves-de-Carvalho Rafaela , Macedo-de-Araújo Rute J. , González-Méijome José M.
Published: July 2024

This narrative review synthesizes recent basic and clinical research on visual disturbances in low-light environments, highlighting evaluation techniques for these conditions. It focuses on the degradation of visual acuity under dim lighting, exacerbated by pupil dilation, known as night vision disturbances (NVD). Key contributors to NVD include optical scattering, intraocular diffraction, ocular aberrations, and uncorrected refractive errors, all significantly impacting quality of life and functional abilities. The review also examines the effects of aging, eye disorders, surgical interventions, and corneal irregularities on NVD. It details the definitions, distinctions, and measurement methodologies for various optical phenomena, using both objective and subjective approaches, such as visual function questionnaires, simulators, and the Light Distortion Analyzer (LDA). The LDA is validated for clinical characterization and quantification of light distortion, proving useful in both clinical and research settings. The review advocates for continued innovation in therapeutic interventions to improve patient outcomes and alleviate the impact of visual disturbances.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Docking Study of a Novel Indole Derivative Containing a Tosyl Moiety as Anti-oxidant Agent
Authors: Chihab Abdelali , El Brahmi Nabil , El Kazzouli Saïd
Published: July 2024

Indole derivatives are key components of natural products and possesses a wide range of biological and pharmaceutical applications. Here we present the synthesis of a new indole derivative namely 2-(1-ethyl-5-nitro-1H-indole-7-carbonyl) butyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (5). The structural elucidation of 5 was accomplished through comprehensive spectroscopic analysis, including Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS). Our molecular docking study revealed that compound 5 exhibits strong affinity towards Tyrosinase, making it a promising candidate as an antioxidant agent. Keywords: Indole derivative; Tosyl group; Molecular docking; Antioxidant agent.
Understanding the Impact of Oxidative Stress on Ovarian Cancer: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment
Authors: Meshkovska Yeva , Abramov Artem , Mahira Shaheen , Thatikonda Sowjanya
Published: July 2024

Abstract: Ovarian cancer (OC) ranks as the fifth most common cancer among women in the United States and globally, posing a significant health threat. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have emerged as critical factors in the pathophysiology of this malignancy. ROS, characterized by their instability due to an unpaired electron, are involved in essential cellular functions and play a crucial role in the immune response under normal physiological conditions. However, an imbalance in ROS homeostasis, leading to excessive ROS production, results in oxidative stress (OS), which can cause indiscriminate damage to cellular structures and contribute to the pathogenesis of specific diseases, including OC. OC is primarily classified based on the originating cell type into epithelial, stromal, and germinal tumors, with epithelial tumors being the most prevalent. Despite advancements in medical technology, early detection of OC remains challenging, often leading to delayed treatment initiation. Current therapeutic approaches include surgical excision of tumor tissue, radiotherapy and chemotherapy. While these treatments are effective in early-stage OC, high mortality rates and frequent relapse underscore the urgent need for novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. This review aims to elucidate the role of ROS in OC, emphasizing the potential for developing innovative diagnostic tools and treatments that target ROS-mediated pathways. Given the critical impact of early detection and effective treatment, advancing our understanding of ROS in the context of OC could significantly enhance patient outcomes.
Changes in Soil Organic Matter Associated with Land Use of Arenosols from Southern Botswana
Authors: Kgathi Donald , Sekhwela Mogodisheng , Almendros Gonzalo
Published: July 2024

The effect of land use on sandy soils of southern Botswana was carried out by comparing the composition and properties of soil organic matter. Virgin and disturbed soils were sampled from savanna ecosystems (Central District and Kweneng District). The biodegradability of organic matter was evaluated by incubation in the laboratory. Humic fractions were quantified and humic acids were analyzed by visible and infrared spectroscopy. The results indicate that continued disturbance, whether due to grazing or subsistence farming, has resulted in small significant changes in the concentration of available nutrients and organic matter in the soil. Nevertheless, substantial changes could be established in soil C/N ratio, humic acid/fulvic acid ratio and in the biodegradability of soil organic matter and the structural characteristics of humic acids. The increased aromaticity of humic acid (visible and IR spectroscopies) following disturbance, suggests increased biogeochemical activity and/or the impact of abiotic processes (such as periodic fires) selectively removing aliphatic constituents. The overall results indicate a low potential soil fertility, the sustainable preservation of which depending more on features related to quality than to the total amount of the soil organic matter, which shows considerable aromatization parallel to its degree of association with the mineral fraction.
Accuracy and Precision of the Geopyörä Breakage Test
Authors: Bueno Marcos , Almeida Thiago , Lara Leonardo , Powell Malcolm , Delboni Homero
Published: July 2024

The Geopyörä breakage test uses two counter-rotating wheels to nip and crush rock specimens with a tightly controlled gap between rollers. The force applied and energy consumed during breakage are measured with instrumentation. In contrast to drop weigh test (DWT) methods, the breakage energy is a response to the rock compressive strength and degree of compression, not a controlled test input, such as the kinetic input energy of a falling weight. This paper presents the detailed measures conducted to evaluate the accuracy and precision of energy measurements across various ore types using the Geopyörä device. While force measurement was assessed just for its precision. The outputs are compared directly to the DWT measures of fragmentation at the same energy and fitted A and b parameters. The test reproducibility was evaluated using a Round-Robin methodology, testing several samples in multiple laboratories. The results confirmed that the new test has sufficient accuracy to match DWT results and excellent precision to assure reproducibility.
Machine Learning Algorithms for Condition-Based Maintenance of Marine Diesel Engines
Authors: Maione Francesco , Lino Paolo , Maione Guido , Giannino Giuseppe
Published: July 2024

The development of Artificial Intelligence-based tools is having a big impact on industry. In this context, the maintenance operations of important assets and industrial resources are deeply changing both from a theoretical and a practical perspective, even in the field of ship propulsion systems. Namely, conventional preventive maintenance schedules audits and checks at fixed times by using statistics on component failures, but it can be improved by a predictive maintenance based on the real component health status, which is inspected by proper sensors. In this way, time and costs are saved. More in details, data-driven models, through Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, generate the expected values of monitored variables for comparison with real measurements coming from the asset, hence for a diagnosis based on the difference between expectations and observations. Then, a ML-based fault detection starts with the choice of the ML algorithm. This process is often not the consequence of an in-depth deep analysis of the different algorithms available in the literature. For that reason, the authors propose a simple procedure to support a first implementation stage of the so-called Condition Based Maintenance (CBM): a quick benchmarking of the most suitable ML algorithms useful for fault detection. The algorithms are compared by taking into account not only the algorithm output error, shown by the Mean Squared Error between predictions and data, but also the response time, which is a crucial variable for maintenance purpose.
Simplified Cost Functions Meet Advanced Muscle Models to Streamline Muscle Force Estimation
Authors: Ahmed Muhammad Hassaan , N'Guessan Jacques Ezechiel , Das Ranjan , Goyal Sachin , Leineweber Matthew
Published: July 2024

This study explores an optimal strategy for muscle force estimation by integrating simplified cost functions with detailed muscle models, demonstrating significant advantages over traditional complex methods. Using elbow flexion as a case study, we characterize the interplay between muscle models and cost functions, showing that accurate muscle force estimations can be achieved effectively without electromyography (EMG) data while also substantially reducing computational demands. Validated against established bio-mechanical data, our models confirm their accuracy in predicting muscle behavior. This approach has profound implications for enhancing rehabilitation protocols and athletic training, providing a more accessible and adaptable tool for muscle force analysis. It broadens the applicability of muscle force estimation in clinical and sports settings and paves the way for future innovations in bio-mechanical research.
On Renormalization Group Based Deep Q-Network
Authors: Garayev Guman , Alili Azar
Published: July 2024

In This paper we introduce the integration of Renormalization Group (RG) methods with Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) to improve reinforcement learning in high-dimensional state spaces. RG methods provide multi-scale analysis, enhancing state representation, learning stability, and exploration. The proposed RG-DQN algorithm uses hierarchical Q-value estimation and multi-scale representations, demonstrating superior performance on synthetic genomic data compared to traditional DQNs.}
Diagnostic Performance of a Deep Learning-Powered Application for Aortic Dissection Triage Prioritization and Classification
Authors: Laletin Vladimir , Ayobi Angela , Chang Peter D. , Chow Daniel , Soun Jennifer , Junn Jacqueline C. , Scudeler Marlene , Quenet Sarah , Tassy Maxime , Avare Christophe , Roca-Sogorb Mar , Chaibi Yasmina
Published: July 2024

This multi-center retrospective study evaluated the diagnostic performance of a deep learning (DL)-based application for detecting, classifying, and highlighting suspected aortic dissections (ADs) on chest and thoraco-abdominal CT angiography (CTA) scans. CTA scans from over 200 U.S. and European cities acquired on 52 scanner models from 6 manufacturers were retrospectively collected and processed by CINA-CHEST (AD) (Avicenna.AI, La Ciotat, France) device. The di-agnostic performance of the device was compared with the ground truth established by the majority agreement of three US board-certified radiologists. Furthermore, the DL-algorithm's time-to-notification was evaluated to demonstrate clinical effectiveness. The study included 1,303 CTAs (mean age 58.8 ± 16.4 years old, 46.7% male, 10.5% positive). The device demonstrated a sensitivity of 94.2% [95% CI: 88.8% – 97.5%] and a specificity of 97.3% [95% CI: 96.2% - 98.1%]. The application classified positive cases by AD types with an accuracy of 99.5% [95% CI: 98.9% – 99.8%] for type A and 97.5 [95% CI: 96.4% – 98.3%] for type B. The application did not miss any type A cases. The device flagged 32 cases incorrectly, primarily due to acquisition artefacts and aortic pathologies mimicking AD. The mean time to process and notify of potential AD cases was 27.9 ± 8.7 seconds. This deep learning-based application demonstrated strong performance in detecting and classifying aortic dissection cases, potentially enabling faster triage of these urgent cases in clinical settings.
Influence of the processing conditions on the rheology and heat of decomposition of solution processed hybrid nanocomposites and implication to sustainable energy storage
Authors: Andezai Andekuba , Iroh Jude O.
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the properties of solution processed hybrid pol-yimide, PI nanocomposites containing a variety of nanofillers, including polyaniline copolymer modified clay, PNEA, nanographene sheets, NGS, and carbon nanotube sheet, CNT-PVDF, respectively. Through a series of experiments, the flow behavior of poly(amic acid), PAA solution and PAA suspension containing polyaniline copolymer modified clay, PNEA was determined as a function of the shear rate, processing temperature and polymerization time. It is shown that the neat PAA solution exhibited a complex rheological behavior ranging from shear thickening to New-tonian behavior with increasing shear rate and testing temperature. The presence of modified clay in PAA solution significantly reduced the viscosity of PAA. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) analysis show that polyimide-nanographene sheets, PI NGS nanocomposites processed at high spindle speed (100 rpm) had lower total heat of decomposition which is indicative of improved fire retardancy. The effect of processing temperature on the specific capacitance of polyimide-CNT-PVDF composites containing electrodeposited polypyrrole fillers was determined by using cyclic voltammetry, CV. It was shown that the hybrid composite working electrode material processed at 90˚C produced a remarkably higher overall stored charge when compared to the composite electrode material processed at 250˚C. Consequently, the specific capacitance ob-tained at a scan rate of 5 mV/s for the hybrid nanocomposite processed at 90°C was about 858 F/g after 1 cycle, which is about 6.3 times higher than the specific capacitance of 136 F/g produced by the hybrid nanocomposite processed at 250°C. These findings show that the properties of the hybrid nanocomposites are remarkably influenced by the processing conditions and highlights the need for process optimization.
Immunolocalization of Aquaporins 1, 2, and 9 in Anuran Testis of the Neotropical Pointedbelly Frog Leptodactylus podicipinus
Authors: Bordin Rafael Oliveira Alves , Oliveira Classius de , Domeniconi Raquel Fantin
Published: July 2024

Many anuran strategies for survival involve hydric regulation, and reproduction is not different. The aquaporin (AQP) family plays an important role in water transport and regulation in many tissues, including the male gonad. The testis undergoes various stages of change during the reproductive cycle, and water balance is an important factor in ensuring reproductive success. Considering the relevance of water control in testicular development in anurans and the lack of research regarding the tissue localization of AQP in the male gonad, the present study investigated the expression of three AQPs (1,2, and 9) in the testis of the neotropical anuran species Leptodactylus podicipinus during two different periods of the reproductive cycle. AQP1 and 2 immunoreactions were found in early germ cells, spermatozoa, Leydig cells, and Sertoli cells, which were strongly associated with the reproductive period. AQP1 was also found in the testicular blood vessels. AQP 9 was identified predominantly in the epithelium of the intratesticular ducts of reproductive period individuals. The study present, for the first time, the localization of AQP1, AQP2, and AQP9 in the testis of an anuran species, and the differences in their location during two distinct periods of the reproductive cycle.
One-Shot Learning from Prototype SKU Images
Authors: Kowalczyk Aleksandra , Sarwas Grzegorz
Published: July 2024

This paper highlights the importance of one-shot learning from prototype SKU images for efficient product recognition in retail and inventory management. Traditional methods require large supervised datasets to train deep neural networks, which can be costly and impractical. One-shot learning techniques mitigate this issue by enabling classification from a single prototype image per product class, thus reducing data annotation efforts. We introduce the variational prototyping-encoder (VPE), a novel deep neural network for one-shot classification. Utilizing a support set of prototype SKU images, VPE learns to classify query images by capturing image similarity and prototypical concepts. Unlike metric learning-based approaches, VPE pre-learns image translation from real-world object images to prototype images as a meta-task, facilitating efficient one-shot classification with minimal supervision. Our research demonstrates that VPE can significantly reduce the need for large datasets while accurately classifying query images into their respective categories, providing a practical solution for product classification tasks.
A Benefaction of Flavonoids as Epigenetic Modulators for Effective Cancer Treatment
Authors: Gholap Amol D. , Chavda Vivek P , Vaghela Dixa A. , Sawant Sampada D. , Hatvate Navnath T , Vora Lalitkumar K. , Bhowmik Deblina , Shen Bairong , Balar Pankti C. , Singla Rajeev K.
Published: July 2024

Histone changes that are adjustable and transmitted without altering the DNA sequence are part of epigenetic control. In many disorders, most famously malignancy, abnormal genetic information is seen as a result of mismanagement of typical epigenetic mechanisms. A paradigm change in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer has been brought about by recent discoveries about the processes of epigenetic modifications, chromatin remodeling, and noncoding RNAs implicated in the changed expression patterns of tumor cells. There is a significant increase in the search for drugs that could alter the epigenetic environment altered by tumor cells and benefit from their therapeutic potential. Phytochemicals with a high concentration of naturally produced phenol molecules known as flavonoids can regulate genomic processes. Understanding the precise epigenetic alterations brought on by flavonoid-mediated mechanisms is necessary to develop combination therapy techniques and genomic therapies for cancer. This article aims to thoroughly examine the epigenetic modifications of flavonoids, including their anticancer properties.
Towards a Healthier Hospital Environment: The Role of Digital Twins in Achieving Optimal Environmental Comfort
Authors: Cumo Fabrizio , Giovenale Anna Maria , Pennacchia Elisa , Tiburcio Virginia Adele
Published: July 2024

Indoor environmental comfort is fundamental to human health as people spend 90% of their time indoors. This aspect is even more crucial in hospitals, where the concept of health is closely linked to well-being, ethics, and environmental aspects. Emerging methodologies and technologies such as Digital Twin, Building Information Modeling, the Internet of Things, sensing technologies, and data analytics offer new opportunities to ensure healthier environments and more efficient building management. This paper provides an assessment of how digitalization can support decision-making processes related to maintaining high levels of indoor environmental comfort in hospital settings, particularly by analyzing how real-time data processing and the application of machine learning can promote proactive interventions in these facilities. The methodological approach was based on four phases: defining the objectives of the digital twin, identifying the input data to build and feed the digital model, defining the KPIs to evaluate the system's correct functioning, and identifying the enabling technologies to be integrated into the system to achieve the set goal. The result is a digital twin for managing the operating room and its related services, with the aim of guiding decisions based on accurate data and improving operational efficiency, levels of environmental comfort, and safety regarding the diffusion of medical gases.
Exploration of Choroidal Thinning Located Temporally to the Fovea: A Pilot Study
Authors: Ehongo Adèle , Jawdat De Togme Georgina , De Maertelaer Viviane
Published: July 2024

Background/Objectives: Posterior staphyloma (PS) is a hallmark of pathological myopia
corresponding to a circumscribed outpouching of the eyeball with choroidal thinning and inward
scleral deformation at its edges. Its pathogenesis is still unclear, thus constituting a research priority
as the prevalence of myopia is increasing worldwide. Recently, it has been suggested that the optic
nerve sheaths or oblique muscles are potential promoters of PS through the traction or compression
effect that they apply to the eye wall. The inferior oblique muscle (IOM) inserts 1-2 mm from the
macula. The projection of its insertion is accessible by Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT).
Before launching prospective studies, we sought to detect any choroidal thinning (ChT) in the
temporal vicinity of the macula and to measure the distance between it and the fovea (FT-distance).
Methods: This retrospective cross-sectional pilot study included 120 eyes. Using Spectralis-OCT,
the area centered by the Bruch’s membrane opening-fovea axis was analyzed for ChT and FT-
distance. Results: Of the 112 defined eyes, 70% (78 eyes) had ChT. Pachymetry was significantly
thinner (p = 0.018) in eyes with than without ChT. The mean FT-distance was 3601.9 ± 93.6µm.
Conclusion: The location of ChT coincided with the insertion distance of the IOM, suggesting a link between them. The association between the presence of ChT and thinner pachymetry suggests reduced scleral resistance as thinner pachymetry is related to thinner sclera. Our results support a possible involvement of the IOM in the pathogenesis of certain PS, warranting further investigation.
The Role of Inventory Management in Achieving Sustainability in Supply Chains
Authors: Holloway Samuel
Published: July 2024

This study investigates the role of sustainable inventory management within supply chains, exploring strategies, benefits, challenges, and implications for organizations. Through qualitative research involving semi-structured interviews with supply chain professionals from diverse industries, key themes emerged. Sustainable practices such as green logistics, waste minimization, and ethical sourcing were identified as critical strategies to reduce environmental impact and enhance operational efficiency. Technological advancements, including AI, IoT, and blockchain, facilitate real-time monitoring, predictive analytics, and transparency, supporting data-driven decision-making in inventory management. Benefits include cost reduction, improved brand reputation, regulatory compliance, and risk mitigation, positioning organizations favorably in a competitive landscape shaped by environmental regulations and consumer expectations. Challenges such as cost constraints, regulatory complexities, and organizational inertia necessitate strategic investments, collaborative efforts, and leadership commitment to overcome. The study underscores the importance of integrating environmental, social, and economic considerations into supply chain practices to foster sustainability and resilience. Looking forward, the study advocates for a holistic approach to sustainable supply chain management, emphasizing innovation, stakeholder engagement, and capacity building. By aligning organizational values with societal expectations and regulatory frameworks, businesses can navigate complexities, drive positive environmental and social impacts, and achieve sustainable growth. This research contributes insights into current practices and future directions for sustainable inventory management, informing strategies that balance profitability with environmental stewardship and societal responsibility.
Suspicion on the Non-conformity of the Goods as a Foundation of Breach of International Sales Contract
Authors: Latifah Emmy , Bajrektarevi Anis H. , Salsabila Dini Kartika
Published: July 2024

The aim of the research is to analyze the breach of international sales contract based on suspicion on non-conformity of the goods in regards to United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). This study is normative legal research. The types of approach used are the legislative approach, case approach, and conceptual approach. The analysis technique uses syllogistic methods through deductive thinking patterns. The result of the study indicates that the appropriate reason of suspicion of non-conformity of the goods under Article 35 of the CISG is the effect of suspicion on the usability of the goods rather than the existence of suspicion itself. It is required the most influence factor in having adverse effect on the function of the goods to be categorized as non-conformity of the goods in regards to a breach of contract. Suspicion could be removed by ensuring that the goods are functional. Finally, the burden of proof towards the suspicion on the non-conformity of the goods could be liable by the parties, especially the seller.
Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Marigold (Tagetes erecta) Flower Extract for Photodegradation of Methylene Blue Dye
Authors: Suprihatin Iryanti Eka , Antariksa Najwa Kusuma Putri , Kunti Sri Panca Dewi I Gusti Ayu , Dewi Lestari Gusti Ayu , Intan Wahyuni Pande Made
Published: July 2024

The utilization of methylene blue dye in the textile industry can have a significant environmental impact due to its high toxicity. To address this issue, a study was conducted on the photodegradation of methylene blue dye using silver nanoparticles (AgNP) synthesized with marigold (Tagetes erecta) flower extract as a bioreducer. This article reports on the synthesis of AgNP and its application in the photodegradation of methylene blue dye. The synthesis of AgNP involved the reduction of AgNO3 with marigold flower extract. Different ratios of marigold flower extract to AgNO3 solution (0.01 M) were used: 1:9, 2:8, 3:7, 4:6, and 5:5. The formation of AgNP was monitored at various time intervals using UV-Vis spectroscopy. The best AgNP sample was measured using a Particle Size Analyzer (PSA). The research results indicated that the optimal conditions were achieved at a marigold extract to AgNO3 ratio of 2:8, with the UV-Vis spectrum showing a peak at a wavelength of 411 nm. The optimum conditions for photodegradation were as follows: AgNP volume of 15 mL, irradiation for 30 minutes, and pH 4. Under these conditions, photodegradation of methylene blue dye achieved a reduction of up to 72.46% from the initial concentration of 100 ppm.
Synthesis of Eco-Friendly Bioplastic from Banana Hump Starch and Sugarcane Bagasse Cellulose Filler with Fish Scale Chitosan
Authors: Agustina Ayu Safitri , Jumrah Elfira , Abubakar Andi Nur Fitriani
Published: July 2024

This study aims  to make environmentally friendly bioplastics. This is because the use of plastic creates a plastic waste problem which is very difficult to handle. After all, it is difficult to decompose. Excessive use of plastic will be bad for the safety of the earth in the future. One of the innovations to be developed is the synthesis of environmentally friendly bioplastics. The basic ingredients for making bioplastics come from starch, cellulose, and chitosan. The process of making bioplastics uses several formulations including A0 (control), A1, A2 and A3. The research results showed that the biodegradability test was good for the A3 formula and the water absorption test was 3.77% and water resistance was 96.2%.
Formulation of Lahuna Leave Extract ( Chromolaena odorata ) and Binahong Leave Extract (Anredera cordifolia) As Antiseptic Ointments
Authors: Jumrah Elfira , Agustina Ayu Safitri
Published: July 2024

This study utilizes natural ingredients as a source of active ingredients in ointment preparations. Lahuna leaves and binahong leaves have potential as a source of active ingredients which, based on phytochemical tests, contain flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins and steroids. Ointment preparations were made with 5 formulas based on organoleptic evaluation showing the five formulas in semi-solid form, color and characteristic odor of extracts. homogeneous and can spread evenly. Test the pH of ointment preparations according to SNI 164399-1996 for the quality of skin preparations. In vitro test showed formulas I and III had inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.