bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Geodetic Determining of Stockpile Volume of Mineral Excavated in Open Pit Mine/ Geodetické Určenie Objemu Vyťažiteľných Zásob Nerastu V Povrchovom Lome
Authors: Labant Slavomír , Staňková Hana , Weiss Roland
Published: January 2015

In the contemporary geodetic practice it is practically a must to use modern geodetic apparatuses and a variety of the CAD (Computer Aided Design) software for processing and visualising spatial data. The present paper deals with geodetic surveying of Kecerovce open pit mine to determine, for the purpose of mine reopening and commencing with mining of andesite, the volume of non-extracted volumes of andesite. The open pit mine is situated on the foot of Slanské vrchy mountain range. Determining of the auxiliary survey control points and the quarry vicinity was performed by GNSS technology and RTK method. Detailed surveying of the open pit mine was performed through an electronic total station. By measurements attained spatial data were processed by pertinent proprietary software. Subsequently, the determined spatial coordinated were imported into the graphiccalculating softwares for further processing and visualisation. These graphical-calculating applications make possible not only 3D modelling and visualising of surfaces but also their analysing, especially then determining the volumetric data that represent various aspects necessary to assess as activities within the related branches so possible future development.
Estimation of Avalanche Hazard in the Settlement of Magurka using Elba+ Model / Posúdenie Ohrozenosti Osady Magurky Lavínami S Použitím Modelu Elba+
Authors: Bartík Martin , Hríbik Matúš , Hanzelová Miriam , Škvarenina Jaroslav
Published: January 2015

In our study we focused on advanced software applications to allow simulation of an avalanche. We used the model ELBA+, by which we tried to assess the vulnerability of mountain environments around the old mining settlement called Magurka (1036 m a.s.l.), which lies below the main ridge of Low Tatras at the end of Ľupčianská valley. The avalanche in the Ďurková valley released on 14th March 1970 went down in history because it is still one of the largest avalanches recorded in Slovakia. Using archived data of the Avalanche Prevention Centre in Jasná, we tried its most faithful reconstruction. Then we tried to simulate an avalanche in the Viedenka valley using the same amount of snow in the release zone as it was supposed to be in 1970. Because a part of the Magurka settlement is situated at the mouth of this valley, which has more direct and shorter terrain than the valley of Ďurková, we examined the possibility of intervention by the avalanche.
Geographic Information Systems in Developing Countries – What are the Ethical Issues we need to be aware of ? / Geografické Informační Systémy A Jejich Využití V Rozvojových Zemích - Jakým Etickým Otázkám Musíme Čelit?
Authors: Pánek Jiří
Published: January 2015

The use of GIS in developing countries has been coined as an oxymoron for several reasons, but mainly due to the fact that the historical burden of maps is to have been used as a tool of control and technological dominance. Participatory approaches in mapping and GIS allow to bring a greater degree of social responsibility and ethics in research and visualisation of local spatial knowledge. The article focuses on the description of selected reasons that led to the sceptical attitude towards GIS, and to identify the basic ethical issues of collection and interpretation of spatial information in developing countries on an example of mapping water resources in the village Koffiekraal in South Africa.
The First Test of the New Neutron Generator at the Všb / Technical University of Ostrava První Test Nového Neutronového Generátoru Na Všb-Tu Ostrava
Authors: Alexa Petr , Uhlář Radim
Published: January 2015

The compact neutron generator MP320 (Thermo Scientific Inc.) operating on the principle of a deuterium-tritium reaction was tested before its planned application as the neutron source for the purpose of Fast Neutron Activation Analysis applications. Plates made from Al, Fe, Sn and Si were irradiated by a 14 MeV neutron beam and typical neutron induced reactions were identified.
Application of Gpr During Investigation Concerning Causes of Pavement Failure and Road Subgrade Quality in Granitoid Massif Near Simtany / Využití Gpr Pro Průzkum Příčin Porušení Vozovky A Podloží Silnice V Prostředí Granitoidního Masivu U Simtan
Authors: Kovář Luděk , Pospíšil Pavel
Published: January 2015

The survey of damaged engineering buildings is in many cases very demanding in terms of the selection of a right exploration method in relation to the results obtained for subsequent engineering works, time for survey implementation, and violations arising from survey activities. Heterogeneity of materials of a natural and anthropogenic origin is a fundamental axiom which can subsequently lead to either a distortion or a failure threatening statically the existence of a building structure. On the test object of a pavement, after some time of its use, severe deformations became evident whose causes and future evolution were not known. Within the design of survey techniques being able to quickly and efficiently uncover the causes of failures, the GPR (Ground Penetrating Radar) investigation was included which as an indirect, non-destructive survey method very quickly helped to clarify he causes of failures of the building structure.
Changes in Mollusc Species Composition in the Mining Landscape on the Exemple of the Extinct Pond System Territory / Změny V Druhovém Složení Měkkýšů V Hornické Krajině Na Příkladu Území Zaniklého Rybničního Systému
Authors: Kupka Jiří , Švehláková Hana , Kašovská Kamila
Published: January 2015

The development of the industry in last two centuries, and especially intensive coal mining activities definitely changed the local landscape character. It led to the destruction of indigenous biotopes with natural flora and fauna communities. Many ecological studies use a group of molluscs as indicators of changes in the landscape. The advantage of this group is a relatively small number of taxa, relatively simple determination and very good knowledge of ecological requirements and distribution of individual species. The territory of Loucké ponds represents an interesting area in the industrial landscape of Karvinsko, where based on the above aspects of malacocenosis, it is possible to use and compare historical data of their incidence as well as to compare the data with current research. The pond system affected by the declension has an important function in the landscape today. The first malacological researches in the Loucké ponds territory were conducted in 1954 and 1955 (Brabenec, 1954, Ložek, 1964). Detailed survey was conducted by Macha (1978, 1979) who found 29 aquatic species (12 Bivalvia and 17 Gastropoda) and 19 land species of molluscs. This research was followed by the authors' survey in 2006, 2007 and 2013 which confirmed the presence of 48 molluscs species altogether (42 Gastropoda and 6 Bivalvia), from which 21 species were aquatic molluscs and 27 species were land molluscs.
Occupational Competence for Improving Industrial Enterprise Competitive Standards / Profesní Kompetence Pro Zlepšení Konkurenčních Standardů Průmyslového Podniku
Authors: Krčmarská Lucie , Černý Igor , Vaněk Michal
Published: January 2015

Success of enterprises is usually measured by their achievements. This success results from the competence of people working for the company. The employee competence can be understood as the sum of their actual performance and their latent abilities. Both is essential and provides for the competence completeness. Missing or inadequate occupational competences cause problems in running industrial enterprises, and thus a continuous improvement process of competence levels is a must. If a company is aware of the importance of people competences in relation to success or failures and strives to develop them, it is able not only solve current problems, but also remove causes of future problem incidences. This paper focuses on the assessment of the occupational competences and competence models as an important tool in the management of human resources.
Research On Petrophysical Properties Of Chosen Samples From The Point Of View Of Possible CO2 Sequestration / Výzkum Kolektorských Vlastností Vybraných Horninových Vzorků Z Hlediska Možné Geosekvestrace CO2
Authors: Klempa Martin , Porzer Michal , Bujok Petr , Pavluš Ján
Published: January 2015

Man-made CO2 emissions (the so called anthropogenic CO2 emissions) and their increasing trend can be, by some scientists, considered a serious menace for the sustainable development of mankind, and their reduction a prerequisite for the environment protection. Carbon dioxide is one of the most important gases that cause a greenhouse effect which warms up the earth surface as a consequence of a different heat flow between the earth and the atmosphere. Our laboratory measurements determined the porosity, permeability and grain density for clastic sedimentary rock samples which were drilled from an underground gas storage facility. Additionally, our results showed a reduction in porosity and permeability after a confining pressure was applied. We assume that this effect is caused by internal structure changes due to the repeatedly increased and decreased net pressure applied to the samples
Effect Of Chemical Activation On Sorption Characteristics Of Selected Wood Samples / Vliv Chemické Aktivace Na Sorpční Charakteristiky Uhlíkatých Materiálů
Authors: Smatanová Nikola , Koutník Ivan , Večeř Marek
Published: January 2015

Two samples of hardwood, beech and a mixture of beech and oak were pyrolyzed by continuous chemical activation with K2CO3. Two final temperatures were tested on activated samples (550 °C, 750 °C). In the same temperature regime, also non-activated original samples were pyrolyzed. The sorption for carbonaceous material was measured with a high-pressure thermal analyzer (TGA-HP50) in the presence of nitrogen and the carbon dioxide atmosphere in the range of pressure from 0,03 to 4,5 MPa, respectively from 0,03 to 2 MPa. The sorption experiments were carried out at three different temperatures - 20, 30 a 40 °C. The tests indicate that the final temperature of activation and sorption conditions (pressure, temperature) have significant impact on sorption properties of material
Evaluation Of Surfactant Performance For Enhanced Oil Recovery / Posouzení Vhodnosti Aplikace Povrchově Aktivních Látek (Pal) Pro Potřeby Zvýšení Vytěžitelnosti Ložisek Uhlovodíků
Authors: Porzer Michal , Bujok Petr , Klempa Martin , Pánek Petr
Published: January 2015

This paper focuses on the field of enhanced oil recovery by means of a chemical flooding of oil deposit especially a surfactant flooding method. The main objective is the application of the aforementioned method at the Czech oil deposit Ždánice - Miocene which bears the crude oil of significant viscosity and gravity that does not allow conventional production methods to be used. We evaluated the performance of various surfactants in the laboratory environment by simulating oil recovery processes
Functional traits of selected clones of southern sweet-grass (Hierochloë australis /Schrad./ Roem. & Schult.)
Authors: Bączek Katarzyna , Angielczyk Mirosław , Przybył Jarosław L. , Ejdys Marcin , Geszprych Anna , Węglarz Zenon
Published: January 2015

Southern sweet-grass (Hierochloë australis /Schrad./ Roem. & Schult., Poaceae), commonly known as a bison grass, is a perennial tuft grass rarely occurring in mixed forests in Eastern and Northern Europe. The raw material collected from this plant are leaves rich in coumarin compounds (especially coumarin) responsible for sweet, specific aroma of these organs. In Poland, southern sweet-grass leaves are used mainly for alcohol products aromatisation. Growing demand for the raw material results in uncontrolled and excessive collecting of this plant. The best way to solve this problem is to introduce this plant into cultivation. Since southern sweet-grass is allogamous and heterozigotic, strong intraspecific variability of the species is observed. Fourteen clones of selected individuals from one population of southern sweet-grass naturally occurring in East Poland were compared in respect of morphological traits as well as accumulation of biologically active compounds. The clones differed significantly in the weight of leaves (3.76-22.59 g of air-dry weight per plant). The total coumarin content (determined by a spectrophotometric method) in this raw material for investigated clones ranged from 1.49 to 1.94%, flavonoids - from 0.25 to 0.55%, and phenolic acids - from 0.20 to 0.42%. Three coumarin compounds were identified by HPLC, namely coumarin, 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, and o-coumaric acid. The content of coumarin ranged from 84.00 to 310.85, 3,4-dihydrocoumarin: from 17.80 to 168.45, and o-coumaric acid: from 37.50 to 70.00 mg · 100 g-1 dry matter.
Diversity of Eleutherococcus genus in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation
Authors: Bączek Katarzyna
Published: January 2015

Eight species of Eleutherococcus genus grown at Rogów Arboretum collection were compared in respect of biologically active compounds accumulation, i.e. eleutheroside B and E, phenolic acids and sterols. For the determination of content of these compounds in underground organs and stem bark high performance liquid chromatography was applied. The highest content of the sum of eleutherosides B and E was observed in underground organs and stem bark of E. leucorrhizus (322.0 and 300.8 mg × 100 g-1, respectively) and E. nodiflorus (218.9 and 363.5 mg × 100g-1, respectively). In the raw materials from E. senticosus, the content of these compounds was significantly lower (177.4 and 159.3 mg × 100 g-1, respectively). E divaricatus and E. setchuenensis were characterized by the lowest accumulation of these compounds in underground organs whereas E. divaricatus, E. sessiliflorus and E. giraldii - in stem bark. Four phenolic acids were identified in the investigated species, namely: chlorogenic, rosmarinic, ferulic and caffeic acids. The main phenolic acid in the analyzed species was chlorogenic acid. The content of this compound in underground organs varied from 102.1 (E. henryi) to 958.7 mg × 100 g-1 (E. leucorrhizus) and in stem bark from 26.7 (E. giraldii) to 542.5 mg × 100 g-1 (E. setchuenensis). The content of identified sterol compounds (sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucoside /eleutheroside A / campesterol, stigmasterol) was relatively low, but higher in underground organs in comparison with stem bark.
Accumulation of biomass and phenolic compounds in Polish and Mongolian great burnet (Sanguisorba officinalis L.) populations
Authors: Bączek Katarzyna
Published: January 2015

Eight Polish and six Mongolian great burnet populations were evaluated ex situ in respect of the mass of underground organs and accumulation of biologically active compounds. In the raw materials collected in autumn of the second year of plant vegetation, total content of tannins and phenolic acids as well as the content of phenolic compounds identified by HPLC were determined. Distinct differences between Polish and Mongolian populations and their high intraspecific variability, concerning analysed parameters, was observed. The mass of underground organs of Polish populations was higher than in Mongolian ones (595.0 and 523.5 g × plant-1, respectively, for fresh mass). Polish populations were characterised by significantly higher total content of tannins and phenolic acids (6.02 and 1.60%, respectively) in comparison with Mongolian ones (2.89 and 0.97%, respectively). In the investigated raw materials eight phenolic compounds were identified, namely: /-/-epigallocatechin, /+/-catechin, /-/-epicatechin, /-/-epicatechin gallate, /-/-epigallocatechin gallate, astragalin, ellagic and gallic acids. In all populations, the dominating compound, was /-/-epigallocatechin. The contents of /-/-epigallocatechin, /-/-epicatechin gallate and gallic acid were distinctly higher in Polish populations.
Influence of cadmium on protein profile of flax varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.)
Authors: Szalata Milena , Wróbel Tomasz , Luwańska Aleksandra , Szalata Marlena , Wielgus Karolina
Published: January 2015

The aim of the study was the evaluation of the influence of cadmium on protein profile of flax varieties (Linum usitatissimum L.). Linola and Norlin explants were cultured on control medium Dorothy and with addition of 25 and 75 mg/l Cd(NO3)2. Extracts were separated on DEAE-Cellulose (20 mM Tris-HCl buffer, 0.2-1 M NaCl). Protein content was evaluated by measuring the absorbance at wavelengths 280 and 254 nm. Linola was characterized by proteins occurrence in fractions eluted by 0.4 and 0.6 M NaCl at 25 mg/l of Cd(NO3)2, at 75 mg/l and additionally by 0.3 M NaCl. Norlin showed response in the form of proteins appeared at 0.2, 0.4, 0.5 and 0.6 M NaCl gradient at 25 mg/l of cadmium, at higher concentration in fractions eluted by 0.2, 0.5 and 0.6 M NaCl. Electrophoretic analysis showed an increase in the protein bands intensity above 60 kDa and under 52 kDa in extracts from flax cultivated with Cd(NO3)2. Studies showed appearance of new proteins during stress condition.
Diet based on oil of seeds of Brassica napus. Implications for the prevention and treatment of prostate diseases
Authors: Kujawski Radosław , Baraniak Justyna , Kania Małgorzata , Bartkowiak-Wieczorek Joanna , Bogacz Anna , Ożarowski Marcin , Cichocki Michał , Spoz Ewa , Mikołajczak Przemysław Ł.
Published: January 2015

In last centuries, human diet has been modified due to changes in the technological, economic, and cultural mode of the social life. The rapid development of the technology and advances in food production and processing of plants resulted in changes in the structure of consumption. The consequence is an growing interest among researchers, but also among consumers in searching for new alternatives to classical pharmacology, preventive solutions, and therapeutic strategies of age related, chronic diseases and cancer. In this paper, the authors have attempted to assess the benefits of usage in diet cold-pressed oils extracted from the seeds of Brassica napus (oilseed rape) with particular emphasis on the evidence of possible use of B. napus oil, and other bio-active substances contained therein, in the prevention and symptomatic treatment of prostate diseases, including benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). The authors postulate that the information presented in this paper may be important and helpful in the development of new, effective and safe forms of prevention and treatment of progressive age-related disorders (phytotherapeutics) and nutritional strategies (dietary supplements) based on seeds oil of Brassicace family representatives, especially Brassica napus (pollen).
Discovering herbalism through art. Plants in Polish symbolic painting (1890–1914)
Authors: Magowska Anita
Published: January 2015

The article focuses on the historical link between herbalism and art at the turn of the twentieth century. The aim of this investigation is to recognize medicinal plants shown as symbols in Polish painting between 1890 and 1914 and find some cultural context of their presence in artworks. In this qualitative study online art galleries and museum collections were analyzed to select Polish symbolists’ artworks including plant images. Next, their botanical classification and medicinal context were examined. Twenty wild-growing plant species were recognized. Some of them had been used in traditional medicine (Alcea rosea, Angelica archangelica, Artemisia abrotanum, Betula pendula, Carduus marianus, Convallaria majalis, Crocus sativus, Lilium candidum, Matricaria chamomilla, Nuphar lutea, Paeonia officinalis, Papaver somniferum, Pelargonium hortorum, Populus nigra, Primula veris, Sorbus aucuparia, Taraxacum officinale, and Verbascum thapsus) and two species grown in the Carpathians (Digitalis purpurea, Lilium bulbiferum) at the time. Used to paint realistic objects, the symbolists made free-hand drawings in nature and in this way they recorded some wild-growing plants typical for surroundings of the town of Cracow and the Carpathian Mountains. Artistic images of plants were not intentionally aimed at taxonomic identification, however, sometimes classification was possible.
Influence of Different Hip Joint Centre Locations on Hip and Knee Joint Kinetics and Kinematics During the Squat
Authors: Sinclair Jonathan , Atkins Stephen , Vincent Hayley
Published: January 2015

Identification of the hip joint centre (HJC) is important in the biomechanical examination of human movement. However, there is yet to be any published information regarding the influence of different HJC locations on hip and knee joint kinetics during functional tasks. This study aimed to examine the influence of four different HJC techniques on 3- D hip and knee joint kinetics/kinematics during the squat. Hip and knee joint kinetics/kinematics of the squat were obtained from fifteen male participants using an eight camera motion capture system. The 3-D kinetics/kinematics of the squat were quantified using four hip joint centre estimation techniques. Repeated measures ANOVAs were used to compare the discrete parameters as a function of each HJC location. The results show that significant differences in joint angles and moment parameters were evident at both the hip and knee joint in the coronal and transverse planes. These observations indicate that when calculating non-sagittal joint kinetics/kinematics during the squat, researchers should carefully consider their HJC method as it may significantly affect the interpretation of their data.
Training Effectiveness of the Inertial Training and Measurement System
Authors: Naczk Mariusz , Brzenczek-Owczarzak Wioletta , Arlet Jarosław , Naczk Alicja , Adach Zdzisław
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of inertial training with different external loads using a new original device - the Inertial Training and Measurement System (ITMS). Forty-six physical education male students were tested. The participants were randomly divided into three training groups and a control group (C group). The training groups performed inertial training with three different loads three times weekly for four weeks. The T0 group used only the mass of the ITMS flywheel (19.4 kg), the T5 and T10 groups had an additional 5 and 10 kg on the flywheel, respectively. Each training session included three exercise sets involving the shoulder joint adductors. Before and after training, the maximal torque and power were measured on an isokinetic dynamometer during adduction of the shoulder joint. Simultaneously, the electromyography activity of the pectoralis major muscle was recorded. Results of the study indicate that ITMS training induced a significant increase in maximal muscle torque in the T0, T5, T10 groups (15.5%, 13.0%, and 14.0%, respectively). Moreover, ITMS training caused a significant increase in power in the T0, T5, T10 groups (16.6%, 19.5%, and 14.5%, respectively). The percentage changes in torque and power did not significantly differ between training groups. Electromyography activity of the pectoralis major muscle increased only in the T0 group after four weeks of training. Using the ITMS device in specific workouts allowed for an increase of shoulder joint adductors torque and power in physical education students.
Intracyclic Velocity Variation and Arm Coordination for Different Skilled Swimmers in the Front Crawl
Authors: Matsuda Yuji , Yamada Yosuke , Ikuta Yasushi , Nomura Teruo , Oda Shingo
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to examine whether the intracyclic velocity variation (IVV) was lower in elite swimmers than in beginner swimmers at various velocities, and whether differences may be related to arm coordination. Seven elite and nine beginner male swimmers swam front crawl at four different swimming velocities (maximal velocity, 75%, 85%, and 95% of maximal swimming velocity). The index of arm coordination (IDC) was calculated as the lag time between the propulsive phases of each arm. IVV was determined from the coefficient of variation of horizontal velocity within one stroke cycle. IVV for elite swimmers was significantly lower (26%) than that for beginner swimmers at all swimming velocities

. In contrast, the IDC was similar between elite and beginner swimmers. These data suggest that IVV is a strong predictor of the skill level for front crawl, and that elite swimmers have techniques to decrease IVV. However, the IDC does not contribute to IVV differences between elite and beginner swimmers.
Prevalence of Stress Urinary Incontinence in Elite Female Endurance Athletes
Authors: Poświata Anna , Socha Teresa , Opara Józef
Published: January 2015

The goal of the study was to assess the prevalence of stress urinary incontinence in a group of elite female endurance athletes, as professional sport is one of the risk factors for stress urinary incontinence. SUI rates in the groups of female cross-country skiers and runners were compared to determine whether the training weather conditions like temperature and humidity influenced the prevalence of urinary incontinence. An anonymous questionnaire was distributed among 112 elite female athletes ie., 57 cross-country skiers and 55 runners. We used a short form of the Urogenital Distress Inventory (UDI-6) to assess the presence of SUI symptoms and the level of urogenital distress. Only women who had been practicing sport professionally for at least 3 years, on an international and national level, were included in the research. The study group consisted of 76% nulliparous and 24% parous women. 45.54% of all participants reported leakage of urine associated with sneezing or coughing which indicates stress urinary incontinence. 29.46% were not bothered by the urogenital distress symptoms. 42.86% of the participants were slightly bothered by the symptoms, 18.75% were moderately bothered, 8.04% were significantly bothered and 0.89% were heavily bothered. The absence of statistically significant differences between both groups seems to indicate that training weather conditions did not influence the prevalence of SUI in elite female endurance athletes.
Acute Endocrine Responses to Different Strength Exercise Order in Men
Authors: da Conceição Rodrigo Rodrigues , Simão Roberto , Silveira Anderson Luiz B. , e Silva Gabriel Costa , Nobre Marcelo , Salerno Veronica P. , Novaes Jefferson
Published: January 2015

This study compared the effects of order of muscle groups’ exercised (larger to smaller muscles vs. smaller to larger muscles) on the acute levels of total testosterone, free testosterone and cortisol during resistance training (RT) sessions. Healthy male participants (n=8; age: 28.8 ± 6.4 years; body mass: 87.0 ± 10.6 kg; body height: 181.0 ± 0.7 cm; BMI: 26.5 ± 4.1) were randomly separated into two experimental groups. The first group (LG-SM) performed an RT session (3 sets of 10 repetitions and a 2 min rest period) of the exercises in following order: bench press (BP), lat pulldown (LP), barbell shoulder press (BSP), triceps pushdown (TP) and barbell cut (BC). The second group (SM-LG) performed an RT session in following order: BC, TP, BSP, LA, BP. Blood was collected at the end of the last repetition of each session. Control samples of blood were taken after 30 min of rest. Significant differences were observed in the concentrations of total testosterone (p < 0.05), free testosterone (p < 0.0001) and cortisol (p < 0.0001) after both RT sessions in comparison to rest. However, when comparing LG-SM and SM-LG, no significant differences were found. The results suggest that, while RT sessions induce an acute change in the levels of testosterone and cortisol, this response is independent of the order of exercising muscle groups.
Reference Values of Maximal Oxygen Uptake for Polish Rowers
Authors: Klusiewicz Andrzej , Starczewski Michał , Ładyga Maria , Długołęcka Barbara , Braksator Wojciech , Mamcarz Artur , Sitkowski Dariusz
Published: January 2015

The aim of this study was to characterize changes in maximal oxygen uptake over several years and to elaborate current reference values of this index based on determinations carried out in large and representative groups of top Polish rowers. For this study 81 female and 159 male rowers from the sub-junior to senior categories were recruited from the Polish National Team and its direct backup. All the subjects performed an incremental exercise test on a rowing ergometer. During the test maximal oxygen uptake was measured with the BxB method. The calculated reference values for elite Polish junior and U23 rowers allowed to evaluate the athletes’ fitness level against the respective reference group and may aid the coach in controlling the training process. Mean values of VO2max achieved by members of the top Polish rowing crews who over the last five years competed in the Olympic Games or World Championships were also presented. The results of the research on the “trainability” of the maximal oxygen uptake may lead to a conclusion that the growth rate of the index is larger in case of high-level athletes and that the index (in absolute values) increases significantly between the age of 19-22 years (U23 category).
Questioning the Resistance/Aerobic Training Dichotomy: A Commentary on Physiological Adaptations Determined by Effort Rather than Exercise Modality
Authors: Fisher James , Steele James
Published: January 2015

This paper discusses and challenges the current opinion that exercise adaptation is generally defined by modality; resistance exercise (RE), or aerobic exercise (AE). In presenting a strong body of recent research which demonstrably challenges these perceptions we suggest alternate hypotheses towards physiological adaptation which is hinged more upon the effort than the exercise modality. Practical implications of this interpretation of exercise adaptation might effect change in exercise adherence since existing barriers to exercise of time, costs, specialized equipment, etc. become nullified. In presenting the evidence herein we suggest that lay persons wishing to attain the health and fitness (including strength and muscle hypertrophy) benefits of exercise can choose from a wide range of potential exercise modalities so long as the effort is high. Future research should consider this hypothesis by directly comparing RE and AE for acute responses and chronic adaptations.
Game Intensity Analysis of Elite Adolescent Ice Hockey Players
Authors: Stanula Arkadiusz , Roczniok Robert
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to determine ice-hockey players’ playing intensity based on their heart rates (HRs) recorded during a game and on the outcomes of an incremental maximum oxygen uptake test. Twenty ice-hockey players, members of the Polish junior national team (U18), performed an incremental test to assess their maximal oxygen uptake (V̇ O2max) in the two week’s period preceding 5 games they played at the World Championships. Players’ HRs at the first and second ventilatory thresholds obtained during the test were utilized to determine intensity zones (low, moderate, and high) that were subsequently used to classify HR values recorded during each of the games. For individual intensity zones, the following HRs expressed as mean values and as percentages of the maximal heart rate (HRmax) were obtained: forwards 148-158 b⋅min-1 (79.5-84.8% HRmax), 159-178 b⋅min-1 (85.4-95.6% HRmax), 179-186 b⋅min-1 (96.1-100.0% HRmax); defensemen 149-153 b⋅min-1 (80.0-82.1% HRmax), 154-175 b⋅min-1 (82.6- 94.0% HRmax), 176-186 b⋅min-1 (94.5-100.0% HRmax). The amount of time the forwards and defensemen spent in the three intensity zones expressed as percentages of the total time of the game were: 54.91 vs. 55.62% (low), 26.40 vs. 22.38% (moderate) and 18.68 vs. 22.00% (high). The forwards spent more time in the low intensity zone than the defensemen, however, the difference was not statistically significant. The results of the study indicate that using aerobic and anaerobic metabolism variables to determine intensity zones can significantly improve the reliability of evaluation of the physiological demands of the game, and can be a useful tool for coaches in managing the training process.
Influence of Exercise Order on Electromyographic Activity During Upper Body Resistance Training
Authors: Soncin Rafael , Pennone Juliana , Guimarães Thiago M. , Mezêncio Bruno , Amadio Alberto C. , Serrão Júlio C.
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of exercise order on electromyographic activity in different muscle groups among youth men with experience in strength training. Three sets of 8 RM were performed of each exercise in two sequences order: (a) sequence A: bench press, chest fly, shoulder press, shoulder abduction, close grip bench press and lying triceps extension; (b) sequence B: the opposite order. The electromyographic activity was analyzed in the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and long head triceps brachii, normalized for maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The muscles activity of the sternocostal head of the pectoralis major, anterior deltoid, and long head triceps brachii showed significant interaction between sequence and exercise. The sternocostal head of the pectoralis major showed considerably higher activity in sequence A (100.13 ± 13.56%) than sequence B (81.47 ± 13.09%) for the chest fly. The anterior deltoid showed significantly higher electromyographic activity in sequence B (86.81 ± 40.43%) than sequence A (66.15 ± 22.02%) for the chest fly, whereas for the lying triceps extension, the electromyographic activity was significantly higher in sequence A (53.89 ± 27.09%) than sequence B (34.32 ± 23.70%). For the long head triceps brachii, only the shoulder press showed differences between sequences (A = 52.43 ± 14.64 vs. B = 38.53 ± 16.26). The present study showed that the exercise order could modify the training results even though there was no alteration in volume and intensity of the exercise. These changes may result in different training adaptations.
Anthropometric, Physical, and Age Differences by the Player Position and the Performance Level in Volleyball
Authors: Palao José M. , Manzanares Policarpo , Valadés David
Published: January 2015

The purpose of this paper was to study the ranges in height, weight, age, spike reach, and block reach of volleyball players in relation to the player position and the level of their respective teams in peak performance. The analysed sample included 1454 male and 1452 female players who participated in the volleyball competitions of the Olympic Games and World Championships in the 2000-2012 period. A descriptive, correlational, and longitudinal design was used. The variables studied were: the player position, body height, weight, body mass index, spike reach, block reach, age, and team level. The results show differences between body height, spike and block reaches, and the age of the players by their position. These differences are related to the needs of the different positions with regard to the actions they execute. Middle-blockers, outside-hitters, and opposites have the characteristics that are most suitable for blocking and spiking, and the setters and liberos appear to have characteristics conducive to setting and receiving as well as digging, respectively. The differences found in the studied variables with regard to the playing position are related to players' needs regarding the actions they perform. Player´s age was a variable that differentiated first teams at this level of competition for males, and physical capacities (body height, weight, spike reach, and block reach) were variables that differentiated first teams at this level of competition for females.
The Properties of Water and their Applications for Training
Authors: Torres-Ronda Lorena , Schelling i del Alcázar Xavi
Published: January 2015

The biological effects of immersion in water, which are related to the fundamental principles of hydrodynamics, may be beneficial in certain training contexts. The effects and physical properties of water, such as density, hydrostatic pressure and buoyancy are highly useful resources for training, when used as a counterbalance to gravity, resistance, a compressor and a thermal conductor. Not only does the aquatic medium enable a wider range of activities to be used in a context of low joint impact, but it also constitutes a useful tool in relation to sports rehabilitation, since it allows the athlete to return to training earlier or to continue with high-intensity exercise while ensuring both low joint impact and greater comfort for the individual concerned. Moreover, this medium enables the stimulation of metabolic and neuromuscular systems, followed by their corresponding physiological adaptations allowing both to maintain and improve athletic performance. Hydrotherapy can also play a beneficial role in an athlete’s recovery, helping to prevent as well as treat muscle damage and soreness following exercise.
Scoping review of nursing-related dissemination and implementation research in German-speaking countries: Mapping the field / Scoping Review zum Stand der pflegebezogenen Disseminations- und Implementierungsforschung in deutschsprachigen Ländern: eine Bestandsaufnahme
Authors: Hoben Matthias , Berendonk Charlotte , Buscher Ines , Quasdorf Tina , Riesner Christine , Wilborn Doris , Behrens Johann
Published: January 2015

Implementing evidence-based innovations into care practice is a complex, slow and haphazard process. Dissemination and implementation (DI) research seeks to understand and optimize that process, to close gaps between research and practice and to improve quality of care. While there is a growing body of international DI research, little is known about the number and types of DI research studies and the DI topics studied in German-speaking nursing settings. This scoping review therefore evaluates the state of nursing-related DI research in German-speaking countries, discusses these results in light of the international state of DI research and provides directions for future research. We searched international databases (Web of Knowledge including Medline, CINAHL, PsycInfo, and GeroLit), German library meta-search engines, six German-language key trade journals, and reference lists of included articles. In total, 186 references representing 140 research projects were included in our review. Quality appraisal used five validated checklists. Methodological quality of the included studies was generally low. A total of 92 studies assessed the effects of DI strategies, 67 studied DI barriers and facilitators, 64 evaluated the impact or characteristics of DI processes, and 5 reported on the development or validation of DI research tools. None of the included studies focussed on methodological questions of DI research or on development and testing of DI theories and models. Future nursing-related DI research in German-speaking countries should particularly focus on these latter topics. Taking into account the international state of DI research will be especially crucial for those research activities.
Healthcare professionals’ evaluation of interprofessional teamwork and job satisfaction / Evaluation der Teamarbeit und der Arbeitszufriedenheit von Gesundheitsfachberufen
Authors: Körner Mirjam , Göritz Anja S. , Bengel Jürgen
Published: January 2015

Interprofessional teamwork among healthcare professionals in healthcare organizations is a key factor for both their job satisfaction and patients’ effective and efficient treatment. One precondition for successful interprofessional teamwork is a shared mental model (a common cognitive frame of reference and knowledge) of working together as a team. However, there often exist subcultures, and each of these has its own mental model of teamwork. Hence, it can be assumed that different healthcare professional groups do not share the evaluation of their interprofessional teamwork and job satisfaction (Hypothesis 1). Additionally, based on the input-process-output model of team effectiveness, it can be expected that interprofessional teamwork determines job satisfaction (Hypothesis 2). These hypotheses were tested in a survey of 272 employees in 15 rehabilitation clinics in Germany. Results showed that healthcare professionals’ evaluation of their interprofessional teamwork (F(3, 203) = 9.118, p < 0.001, η2 = 0.119) as well as their job satisfaction (F(3, 210) = 3.357, p = 0.02, η2 = 0.046) differed significantly. Physicians reported the highest level of interprofessional teamwork and job satisfaction compared with other groups. Perceptions of interprofessional teamwork explain approximately 20% of the variance in job satisfaction. Thus, both hypotheses were confirmed. Interprofessional interventions in education and practice are recommended to establish a shared mental model, which could improve teamwork and subsequently job satisfaction.
Pd(II) complexes of acetylcholinesterase reactivator obidoxime
Authors: Nedzhib Ahmed , Stoykova Silviya , Atanasov Vasil , Pantcheva Ivayla , Antonov Liudmil
Published: January 2015

The ability of the acetylcholinesterase reactivator obidoxime (H2L2+) to bind palladium(II) cations was evaluated spectrophotometrically at different reaction conditions (pH, reaction time, metal-to-ligand molar ratio). The results showed that immediately after mixing the reagents, pH 7.4, complex species of composition [PdHL]3+ existed predominantly with a value of conditional stability constant lgβ'=6.52. The reaction was completed within 24 hours affording the formation of species [Pd2L]4+ with significantly increased stability (lgβ'=9.34). The spectral data suggest that obidoxime coordinates metal(II) ions through the oximate functional groups. The in vitro reactivation assay of paraoxon-inhibited rat brain acetylcholinesterase revealed that the new complex species were much less active than the non-coordinated obidoxime. The lack of reactivation ability could be explained by the considerable stability of complexes in solution as well as by the deprotonation of oxime groups essential for recovery of the enzymatic activity.
Salvia officinalis L. extract and its new food antioxidant formulations induce apoptosis through mitochondrial/ caspase pathway in leukemia L1210 cells
Authors: Jantová Soňa , Hudec Roman , Sekretár Stanislav , Kučerák Juraj , Melušová Martina
Published: January 2015

Salvia officinalis, L. (Lamiaceae) is one of the most widespread herbal species used in the area of human health and in the foodprocessing industry. Salvia and its extracts are known to be a rich source of antioxidants. As shown previously, the crude ethanolic extract of salvia (SE) exerts lower anti-oxidative properties in lard compared to the new salvia food formulations No. 1 (SF1; 32% of SE + 68% of the emulsifier Dimodan S-T) and No. 2 (SF2; 32% of SE + 68% of the emulsifier Topcithin 50).

The aim of the present study was to investigate and compare the effects of the SE and its food formulations SF1 and SF2 on the toxicity and/or proliferation of L1210 leukemia cells. We found that SE and both SF1 and SF2 demonstrated different concentration- and time-dependent cytotoxic/antiproliferative cellular effects already within the first 24 h of the treatment. However, SE was nearly 10 times more effective than the new salvia food formulations SF1 and SF2.

We investigated partially also the molecular mechanisms lying behind the action of SE, SF1 and SF2 induced apoptosis in our cell model. We found an apparent involvement of the mitochondrial/caspase-dependent pathway in the described processes. Nevertheless, further investigation is needed before salvia extract and its new antioxidant formulations can be included among the potential food antioxidants with protective properties against cancer.
Chronic alcoholism-mediated metabolic disorders in albino rat testes
Authors: Shayakhmetova Ganna M. , Bondarenko Larysa B. , Matvienko Anatoliy V. , Kovalenko Valentina M.
Published: January 2015

There is good evidence for impairment of spermatogenesis and reductions in sperm counts and testosterone levels in chronic alcoholics. The mechanisms for these effects have not yet been studied in detail. The consequences of chronic alcohol consumption on the structure and/or metabolism of testis cell macromolecules require to be intensively investigated. The present work reports the effects of chronic alcoholism on contents of free amino acids, levels of cytochrome P450 3A2 (CYP3A2) mRNA expression and DNA fragmentation, as well as on contents of different cholesterol fractions and protein thiol groups in rat testes. Wistar albino male rats were divided into two groups: I - control (intact animals), II - chronic alcoholism (15% ethanol self-administration during 150 days). Following 150 days of alcohol consumption, testicular free amino acid content was found to be significantly changed as compared with control. The most profound changes were registered for contents of lysine (-53%) and methionine (+133%). The intensity of DNA fragmentation in alcohol-treated rat testes was considerably increased, on the contrary CYP3A2 mRNA expression in testis cells was inhibited, testicular contents of total and etherified cholesterol increased by 25% and 45% respectively, and protein SH-groups decreased by 13%. Multidirectional changes of the activities of testicular dehydrogenases were detected. We thus obtained complex assessment of chronic alcoholism effects in male gonads, affecting especially amino acid, protein, ATP and NADPH metabolism. Our results demonstrated profound changes in testes on the level of proteome and genome. We suggest that the revealed metabolic disorders can have negative implication on cellular regulation of spermatogenesis under long-term ethanol exposure.
High mortality due to accidental salinomycin intoxication in sheep
Authors: Ashrafihelan Javad , Eisapour Hamed , Erfani Amir Mehdi , Kalantary Amir Ali , Amoli Jamileh Salar , Mozafari Morteza
Published: January 2015

In February 2012, 100% mortality was reported in a herd with 79 local sheep that were kept around of Abhar, Northwest of Iran. The ration for adult sheep was daily mixed (40 kg straw, 25 kg wheat and 2 kg Vit-C premix) and accidentally 1 500 g of salinomycin (Salinomycin 12% Premix; Aras Bazar Laboratories, Iran) had been added to the ration (22388 mg/kg = 22388 ppm) and overnight was fed to herd. At the morning, 78 sheep were founded dead and one of them showed convulsive seizures. Postmortem examination revealed pulmonary congestion and edema, hemorrhages in abomasum, large pale kidney and white streak lines in myocardium. Main histopathologic lesions were extensive subepicardial and intercardiomyofibers hemorrhages, extensive cardiomyolysis and myocarditis in heart, severe hyperemia and extensive acute tubular necrosis (ATN) in kidneys and focal necrosis and retention of bile cholangitis in the liver. In this study, on the basis of the history, observation of the ionophore remnant in the ration, clinical signs, gross and histopathological findings, acute salinomycin intoxication is definitely diagnosed.
Performance Analysis of Robust Image Features Detection Algorithms
Authors: Nikolova I.
Published: January 2015

This paper deals with the challenging task of acquiring stable image features in a sequence of images of the same scene taken under different viewing positions by a digital still camera. Two popular contemporary algorithms for discrete feature detection: SIFT and SURF are regarded. The results of the timing performance analysis of their sequential implementations are presented and discussed. The performance speedup analysis and scalability tests with multi-threading and GPU-based implementations are analyzed