bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Residual Effect of Sago Dregs Fertilizer to Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) Growth and Yield in Planting Period II in Marginal Land
Authors: Hasid Rachmawati , Madiki Abdul , Rakian Tresjia Corina , Arma Makmur Jaya
Published: June 2023

Aims: The research aimed to study the potential of sago dregs fertilizer residue in increasing the growth and yield of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) in planting period II on marginal land.

Study Design:  The research was conducted using a randomized block design with a single factor.

Place and Duration of Study: The research was conducted in Field Laboratory of Faculty of Agriculture, University of Halu Oleo, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study was conducted for four months.

Methodology: Single factor design in Randomized block design was used in the research. consists of 6 treatment levels of sago dregs fertilizer residue that have been applied in the previous planting period (planting period I), namely: without sago dregs (S0), using sago dregs 5 t ha-1 (S1), 10 t ha-1 (S2), 15 t ha-1 (S3), 20 t ha-1 (S4) and 25 t ha-1 (S5). Each treatment was placed in three groups so that there were 18 experimental units. The data was analyzed using analysis of variance and continued by Tukey Test 95% confidence level.

Results: The results generally showed that the sago dregs fertilizer residual had a significant effect on the growth and yield of Abelmoschus esculentus. The effectiveness of the residual effect of sago pulp organic fertilizer is 3.39% to 25.68% on the variable plant height, 12.77% to 24.07% on the variable stem diameter, 17.72% to 32.26% on the variable number of leaves, 23.84% to 53.03% on the variable area leaves, 24.06% to 39.15% in plant dry weight variable, 20.21% to 41.61% on the variable number of fruit and 14.46% to 34.21% on the variable weight of fruit. Strongly influenced by the dose of sago pulp organic fertilizer applied in growing season I.

Conclusion: Residual of sago dregs fertilizer potentially increasing of okra (Abelmoschus esculentus) growth and yield in planting period II in marginal land. The effectiveness highest was achieved in the treatment of 15 t ha-1 sago dregs organic fertilizer, for all of variables observed.
Generalized Horadam-Leonardo Numbers and Polynomials
Authors: Soykan Yüksel
Published: June 2023

In this study, we define and investigate some linear third order polynomials called the generalized Horadam-Leonardo polynomials (with its two special cases, namely), (r, s)-Horadam-Leonardo and (r, s)-Horadam-Leonardo-Lucas polynomials. We give Binet’s formulas, generating functions, Simson formulas, and the sumformulas for these polynomial sequences. Also, we present some identities and matrices related to thesepolynomials. Furthermore, we present some special cases of generalized Horadam-Leonardo polynomials,namely, generalized Leonardo, generalized John, generalized Ernst, generalized Pisano, generalized Edouardand generalized Bigollo numbers.
Accountability and Quality of Service Delivery in Marsabit County Government
Authors: Ungaye Halima Ali , Obuba Robert
Published: June 2023

Any organization's continued viability rests in large part on the quality of the services it provides. According to the theoretical literature, the level of professionalism shown by workers is a major factor in the quality of service clients get. However, there has been a lack of empirical research on the relationship between accountability and service quality. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effects of accountability on quality of service delivery in Marsabit county government. The study was anchored under The Service Quality Theory. The target population for this study was 303 Marsabit County employees working at various ministries within the County headquarters and with an adoption of sample size of 45% the study established a sample size of 137 respondents. Stratified random sampling was used to select the respondents. A questionnaire was used as the primary instrument for data collection. The study employed both descriptive statistics such as percentages, means and standard deviations and inferential statistics such as Pearson’s correlation and Multiple Regression to present and analyze the data. The statistical package for social science (SPSS) aided the data analysis. The study established that accountability has a strong positive effect on quality of service delivery and accounted for 72.2% (R square = 0.722) of the variation in quality of service delivery. This study suggests that there is need for counties top leadership to ensure that accountability practices are formulated, enforced and adhered to. It is also important that counties to adopt code of conduct/ethics to improve on quality of service delivery. It is recommended that a more comprehensive survey covering different counties to be done to shed more light on this subject.
Morphometric Indices and Parasitic Incidence of Synodontis nigrita from Lower River Benue, Makurdi, Nigeria
Authors: Omeji S. , Jackson U. J. , Surma K. S.
Published: June 2023

The study was carried out to determine the morphometric indices and parasitic incidence of 160 fresh samples of Synodontis nigrita comprising of 80 samples each of female and male sexes.  Fish samples were obtained from the catches of local fishermen along Lower River Benue at Wadata fish landing site of Benue State. Length–weight relationship was analyzed using the equation W=aLb. The condition factor of the fish samples was determined using the equation, K=100W/L3. Samples of Synodontis nigrita were later subjected to parasitological examination using standard parasitological method. The mean total length, body weight, condition factor, regression and correlation coefficients were higher for un-infested female samples of Synodontis nigrita than the infested female. Similarly, the mean total length body weight, condition factor, regression and correlation coefficients of un-infested male samples of Synodontis nigrita were higher than the infested males. A total of three hundred and fifty seven (357) parasites were recovered from 76(47.50%) infested samples. Out of the 357 parasites, 251 were recovered from 49(61.3%) infested female samples, 106 parasites were recovered from 27(33.8%) infested male samples. Among the infested parts of the female samples, the intestine accounted for the highest number/percentage (116/46.4%) parasite load, the least 2(0.8%) was recorded for the skin. Between the external parts (gill and skin) of the female fish samples, while the gill recorded the higher number of parasite load 28(12.8%), skin recorded 2(0.8%). Similarly, among the infested parts of the male samples, the intestine accounted for the highest number/percentage (65/61.3%) parasite load, the least 9(8.5%) was recorded for the gill. Between the external parts (gill and skin), the gill recorded 9(8.5%) number/percentage parasite load, no parasite was recovered from the skin. Prevalence (61.25), number of parasites (251) and intensity (5.10) of parasite infection were higher for female samples compared to the male with the prevalence, and intensity of parasite infection of 33.80, 106 and 3.90, respectively. However, the chi square value showed that there was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the prevalence, number of parasites and intensity of parasite infection between the sexes of Synodontis nigrita. Variation in the prevalence and intensity of parasite infection of female and male Synodontis nigrita based on size groups existed. However, it was generally observed that longer and heavier sized fish of both sexes were more infested with higher number of parasites than the smaller sized samples of both sexes.
Productivity Analysis of Tilapia Farming in the Pond of Lengkong Kulon Village, Sindangwangi District, Majalengka Regency, Indonesia
Authors: Suryana Asep Agus Handaka , Fajarwati Mayapada , Andriani Yuli , Maulina Ine
Published: June 2023

This research aims to analyze the productivity of tilapia aquaculture in Lengkong Kulon Village. The research was carried out from January 2023 to March 2023 in Lengkong Kulon Village, Sindangwangi District, Majalengka Regency. The method used is the survey method. Sampling using the purposive sampling technique was analyzed with quantitative descriptive. The total sample of farmers was 30 respondents. Tilapia Farming in Lengkong Kulon Village has not been maximal in applying good fish farming methods principles, based on 17 good fish farming methods suitability criteria there are 9 suitable criteria and 8 inappropriate criteria. The average value of productivity in the land area obtained is 7,52 Kg/year/m2. This value is still low, so it is necessary to increase productivity by improving the quality of seeds and feed according to good fish farming methods principles.
Influence of Biofertilizer and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)
Authors: Kumar Lokesh , Singh Rajesh , Indu Thakur
Published: June 2023

The field experiment entitled “Influence of Biofertilizer and Phosphorus on Yield and Economics of Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)” was conducted during rabi season, 2022 at Crop Research Farm in the Department of agronomy, Naini Agriculture Institute, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj Uttar Pradesh.  The study included Biofertilizer Rhizobium, PSB and Rhizobium + PSB, and three levels of Phosphorus (20, 40 and 60 kg/ha) and control. The experiment was layout in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 10 treatments and replicated thrice. The soil in the experimental area was sandy loam with pH (7.8), Organic Carbon (0.43%), Available N (181.58 kg/ha), Available P (15.45 kg/ha) and Available K (197.64 kg/ha). Application of (Rhizobium + PSB + Phosphorus 60 kg/ha) produces higher Seed yield (1537.20 kg/ha.), Stover yield (3195.12 kg/ha.), Gross Return (INR 97985/ha.), Net Return (INR 66560/ha.) and B:C Ratio (2.12).
Advancing Intrusion Detection in Fog Computing: Unveiling the Power of Support Vector Machines for Robust Protection of Fog Nodes against XSS and SQL Injection Attacks
Authors: Azarkasb Seyed Omid , Khasteh Seyed Hossein
Published: June 2023

Fog computing, characterized as a cloud infrastructure in close proximity to end devices, faces substantial security challenges that necessitate robust intrusion detection mechanisms for fog nodes. The resource-constrained nature of fog nodes renders them particularly susceptible to attacks, making the development of efficient intrusion detection systems imperative. In this study, we propose a comprehensive approach to protect fog nodes, taking into account their limited resources. Leveraging the power of Support Vector Machines (SVMs), a widely adopted machine learning technique in IoT security, our method overcomes challenges associated with local optima, overfitting, and high-dimensional data. A thorough literature review underscores the prevalent use of SVMs in IoT security research. Specifically, we focus on addressing two prevalent web attacks: Cross-Site Scripting (XSS) and SQL injection attacks, based on global statistical data. To evaluate our approach, we employ the CSE-CIC-IDS2018 dataset and a pseudo-real dataset. Precision, recall, and accuracy are employed as evaluation metrics, along with the Mean Average Precision (MAP). Our evaluation results demonstrate an exceptional level of accuracy, achieving an impressive 98.28% accuracy in terms of average performance when compared to existing methods. Comparative analysis with state-of-the-art approaches further validates the superior efficacy and efficiency of our proposed method.
Long-COVID: A Chronic Fatigue Condition: Case Report
Authors: Lavelle Marina , Brusewitz N. D. Jennifer
Published: June 2023

For the growing number of patients suffering from post-COVID-19 syndrome, there is little definitive guidance for treatment protocols or prognosis. Neurologic manifestations following acute COVID-19 infection are continually surfacing in the literature, with fatigue being the most common persistent symptom. This case study follows a 44-year-old female experiencing debilitating fatigue and neurologic symptoms persisting after the resolution of an acute SARS-COV-2 infection. The complex medical history of this patient, including past Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) infection and Myalgic Encephalomyelitis, commonly known as Chronic Fatigue Syndrome, suggests a potential predisposition for the development of neurologic long-COVID. Through investigation of current research and treatment responses, this case report aims to gain an understanding of the complicated nature of this illness, and to propose treatments that address this specific subset of post-acute SARS-COV-2 sequelae.
Method of Lines Analysis of Soret and Dufour Effects on an Unsteady Heat and Mass Transfer MHD Natural Convection Couette Flow
Authors: Durojaye M. O. , Kazeem J. A. , Ogunfiditimi F. O. , Ajie I. J.
Published: June 2023

This study examines the numerical solutions of an unsteady natural convection Couette flow of a viscous, incompressible and electrically conducting fluid between the two vertical parallel plates in the presence of thermal radiation, Soret and Dufour. The fundamental dimensionless governing partial differential equations for the impulsive movement of the plate are solved by method of lines (MOL). The numerical simulations for the effects of Soret and Dufour on the velocity profile, the temperature profile and the concentration profile of the flow are shown graphically. The analysis indicates that the fluid velocity is an increasing function of Soret and Dufour numbers. Also, the concentration profile and the temperature profile increase with increase in the Soret number and Dufour number respectively.
Development and Validation of a Sulfa Antibiotic Allergy Clinical Decision Rule
Authors: Waldron Jamie L. , Rose Morgan , Vogrin Sara , Krantz Matthew S. , Bolotte Ryan , Phillips Elizabeth J. , Trubiano Jason A.
Published: June 2023

This cohort study describes the adaptation of a widely used penicillin allergy clinical decision tool for evaluation of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole allergy.
Liberating the Electrolyte via In Situ Conversion of an Amide, Sulfonate‐Containing Monomer Precursor for High‐Temperature Graphite/NCM Batteries
Authors: Zheng Xueying , Cao Zhang , Luo Wei , Zhao Tong , Han Yan , Yang Hao , Liu Xuyang , Zhou Yu , Wen Jiayun , Shen Yue , Zheng Honghe , Huang Yunhui
Published: June 2023

High‐temperature (HT) operation and storage performance of Li‐ion batteries (LIBs) are essential for applications in electric vehicles, grid storage, or defense missions. Unfortunately, severe capacity fading is witnessed due to growing instability of the electrode/electrolyte interphase at HT. Herein, the study liberates the electrolyte from the task of film‐formation. Instead, it takes advantage of the favorable solid‐electrolyte interphase (SEI)‐forming functional groups by priorly anchoring them on graphite surface. Specifically, via molecular design, unsaturated CC bond, together with amide and sulfonate groups, are concurrently involved, namely the lithium‐2‐acrylamido‐2‐methyl‐1‐propanesulfonate (Li‐AMPS). Upon electrochemical cycle, the unsaturated CC bond in Li‐AMPS turns into a radical that induces polymerization between CC bonds to construct a polymeric network. The presence of amide and sulfonate groups endows the SEI with nitrogen, sulfur‐based reduction products OSO2Li and Li3N, etc. As such, the designed interphase makes the use of propylene carbonate‐based electrolyte possible. By assembling full cells with the modified graphite and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (cathode loading of ≈18.5 mg cm−2), the capacity retention of the full cell has increased from 53.2% (with pristine graphite) to 77.8% after 300 cycles under 60 °C. A 2 Ah, 265 Wh kg−1 pouch cell is also able to operate for 200 cycles at an extreme temperature of 80 °C with the modified graphite.
Amorphization Boost Multi‐Ions Storage for High‐Performance Aqueous Batteries
Authors: Jin Bowen , Liu Yuanhui , Cui Junya , Zhang Shimeng , Wu Yu , Xu Annan , Xu Ming , Shao Mingfei
Published: June 2023

Regarding the complex properties of various cations, the design of aqueous batteries that can simultaneously store multi‐ions with high capacity and satisfactory rate performance is a great challenge. Here an amorphization strategy to boost cation‐ion storage capacities of anode materials is reported. In monovalent (H+, Li+, K+), divalent (Mg2+, Ca2+, Zn2+) and even trivalent (Al3+) aqueous electrolytes, the capacity of the resulting amorphous MoOx is more than quadruple than that of crystalline MoOx and exceeds those of other reported multiple‐ion storage materials. Both experimental and theoretical calculations reveal the generation of ample active sites and isotropic ions in the amorphous phase, which accelerates cation migration within the electrode bulk. Amorphous MoOx can be coupled with multi‐ion storage cathodes to realize electrochemical energy storage devices with different carriers, promising high energy and power densities. The power density exceeded 15000 W kg−1, demonstrating the great potential of amorphous MoOx in advanced aqueous batteries.
Uniting Dual‐Modal MRI/Chemiluminescence Nanotheranostics: Spatially and Sensitively Self‐Reporting Photodynamic Therapy in Oral Cancer
Authors: Tao Yining , Yan Chenxu , Wu Yue , Li Dan , Li Juan , Xie Yuchen , Cheng Yingsheng , Xu Yisheng , Yang Kai , Zhu Wei‐Hong , Guo Zhiqian
Published: June 2023

Unpredictable in vivo therapeutic feedback of reactive oxygen species (ROS) efficiency is the major bottleneck of photodynamic therapy (PDT). Herein, novel PDT‐based nanotheranostics Pa–Mn&CH‐A@P are elaborately constructed for in vivo tracking biodistribution and in situ self‐reporting PDT, which innovatively unites magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and chemiluminescence (CL) signals. Taking advantages of the versatility of lanthanide coordination chemistry and flash nanoprecipitation (FNP) technology, photosensitizers, MRI, and CL agents are unprecedently integrated within a stable and uniform nanotheranostic. Specifically, MRI signal offers detailed dose distribution of nanotheranostics with high‐spatial resolution, and CL signal timely performs in situ evaluation of ROS generation with high sensitivity. This dual‐modal MRI/CL nanotheranostic makes a breakthrough in high fidelity feedback for oral tumor, conquering the inherent unpredictable obstacles on spatially and sensitively reporting PDT.
A Versatile Disorder‐to‐Order Technology to Upgrade Polymers into High‐Performance Bioinspired Materials
Authors: Liu Shengyang , He Shicheng , Chen Can , Li Chunwang , Luo Wei , Zheng Kaikai , Wang Jing , Li Zhiyong , He Hongyan , Chen Qiang , Li Yulin
Published: June 2023

Biodegradable polymer as traditional material has been widely used in the medical and tissue engineering fields, but there is a great limitation as to its inferior mechanical performance for repairing load‐bearing tissues. Thus, it is highly desirable to develop a novel technology to fabricate high‐performance biodegradable polymers. Herein, inspired by the bone's superstructure, a versatile disorder‐to‐order technology (VDOT) is proposed to manufacture a high‐strength and high‐elastic modulus stereo‐composite self‐reinforced polymer fiber. The mean tensile strength (336.1 MPa) and elastic modulus (4.1 GPa) of the self‐reinforced polylactic acid (PLA) fiber are 5.2 and 2.1 times their counterparts of the traditional PLA fiber prepared by the existing spinning method. Moreover, the polymer fibers have the best ability of strength retention during degradation. Interestingly, the fiber tensile strength is even higher than those of bone (200 MPa) and some medical metals (e.g., Al and Mg). Based on all‐polymeric raw materials, the VDOT endows bioinspired polymers with improved strength, elastic modulus, and degradation‐controlled mechanical maintenance, making it a versatile update technology for the massive industrial production of high‐performance biomedical polymers.
Isotope Exchange Raman Spectroscopy (IERS): A Novel Technique to Probe Physicochemical Processes In Situ
Authors: Stangl Alexander , Pla Dolors , Pirovano Caroline , Chaix‐Pluchery Odette , Baiutti Federico , Chiabrera Francesco , Tarancón Albert , Jiménez Carmen , Mermoux Michel , Burriel Mónica
Published: June 2023

A novel in situ methodology for the direct study of mass‐transport properties in oxides with spatial and unprecedented time resolution, based on Raman spectroscopy coupled to isothermal isotope exchanges, is developed. Changes in the isotope concentration, resulting in a Raman frequency shift, can be followed in real time, which is not accessible by conventional methods, enabling complementary insights for the study of ion‐transport properties of electrode and electrolyte materials for advanced solid‐state electrochemical devices. The proof of concept and strengths of isotope exchange Raman spectroscopy (IERS) is demonstrated by studying the oxygen isotope back‐exchange in gadolinium‐doped ceria (CGO) thin films. Resulting oxygen self‐diffusion and surface exchange coefficients are compared to conventional time‐of‐flight secondary‐ion mass spectrometry (ToF‐SIMS) characterization and literature values, showing good agreement, while at the same time providing additional insight, challenging established assumptions. IERS captivates through its rapidity, simple setup, non‐destructive nature, cost effectiveness, and versatile fields of application and thus can readily be integrated as new standard tool for in situ and operando characterization in many laboratories worldwide. The applicability of this method is expected to consolidate the understanding of elementary physicochemical processes and impact various emerging fields including solid oxide cells, battery research, and beyond.
Discovery and Engineering of an Ene‐reductase for Kinetic Resolution and Cascade Reduction of Hajos‐Parrish/Wieland‐Miescher Ketones
Authors: Li Dongyan , Dong He , Chen Xianwen , Li Yangyang , Xu Yiping , Wang Jing , Fang Jiali , Huang Chenming , Zhang Wenhe , Jia Xian , You Song , Qin Bin
Published: June 2023

Ene‐reductase (ERED)‐catalyzed asymmetric reduction of α,β‐unsaturated ketones is an attractive method in organic synthesis. Through the discovery and further structure‐guided protein engineering of BsER, an ERED from Bacillus subtilis, the selective bio‐reduction of the well‐known building blocks Hajos‐Parrish ketone (HPK, 1 a) and Wieland‐Miescher ketone (WMK, 1 b) was achieved in this study. The optically pure (R)‐HPK ((R)‐1 a) and (R)‐WMK ((R)‐1 b) with corresponding >99% and 98% enantiomeric excess (ee) values were obtained by kinetic resolution of the racemic substrates. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of ERED mediated kinetic resolution of rac‐HPK and rac‐WMK. In addition, the reduction products cis‐7a‐methylhexahydro‐1H‐indene‐1,5(4H)‐dione (cis‐2 a) and cis‐8a‐methylhexahydronaphtha‐ lene‐1,6(2H,5H)‐dione (cis‐2 b) with high diastereomeric ratios (dr) were also obtained. We also developed four routes of biocatalytic cascade reduction involving BsER and ketoreductases (KREDs). Using optimized ERED‐KRED and KRED‐ERED cascades, (S)‐HPK ((S)‐1 a) and (S)‐WMK ((S)‐1 b) could be reduced stepwise, yielding the bioactive products all with >91% purity. This study presents a biocatalytic strategy for the kinetic resolution and cascade reduction of HPK and WMK (1 a and 1 b).
pH‐Responsive Hexa‐Histidine Metal Assembly (HmA) with Enhanced Biocatalytic Cascades as the Vehicle for Glucose‐Mediated Long‐Acting Insulin Delivery
Authors: Zhou Sijie , Yang Ruhui , Xie Xiaoling , Wang Liwen , Zheng Shengwu , Li Na , Tang Sicheng , Zan Xingjie
Published: June 2023

Diabetes has been listed as one of the three major diseases that endanger human health. Accurately injecting insulin (Ins) depending on the level of blood glucose (LBG) is the standard treatment, especially controlling LBG in the long‐term by a single injection. Herein, the pH‐responsive hexa‐histidine metal assembly (HmA) encapsulated with enzymes (GOx and CAT) and Ins (HmA@GCI) is engineered as the vehicle for glucose‐mediated insulin delivery. HmA not only shows high proteins loading efficiency, but also well retained proteins activity and protect proteins from protease damage. Within HmA, the biocatalytic activities of enzymes and the efficiency of the cascade reaction between GOx and CAT are enhanced, leading to a super response to the change of LBG with insulin release and efficient clearance of harmful byproducts of GOx (H2O2). In the treatment of diabetic mice, HmA@GCI reduces LBG to normal in half an hour and maintains for more than 5 days by a single subcutaneous injection, and nearly 24 days with four consecutive injections. During the test period, no symptoms of hypoglycemia and toxicity to tissues and organs are observed. These results indicate that HmA@GCI is a safe and long‐acting hypoglycemic agent with prospective clinical application.
A segmentation of fresh meat shoppers based on revealed preferences
Authors: Thies Annika J. , Staudigel Matthias , Weible Daniela
Published: June 2023

Meat‐focused diets are highly debated considering their environmental and health consequences. A change in consumption patterns in industrialized countries seems inevitable. To inform marketers and policymakers on how to mitigate meat consumption as a means of obtaining sustainability goals, the present study identifies consumer segments based on their actual purchases of fresh meat cuts using German household scanner data for the year 2014. Our revealed‐preference approach suggests that pork and beef traditionalists and convenience‐oriented pork buyers may react to financial incentives. Poultry and premium red meat lovers may be influenced by targeted labeling and quality signals. Overall, low‐meat consumption patterns seem to be less prevalent in Germany than commonly portrayed. [EconLit Citations: C38, D12, E21, Q18].
A Study of risk factors of postoperative ileus after laparoscopic colorectal resection
Authors: Fujiyoshi Sunao , Homma Shigenori , Yoshida Tadashi , Ichikawa Nobuki , Shibata Kengo , Matsui Hiroki , Taketomi Akinobu
Published: June 2023

Aim

Postoperative ileus (POI) is a common complication after abdominal surgery. However, the risk factors for POI after laparoscopic colorectal resection are unclear. We therefore investigated the risk factors for POI after laparoscopic colorectal surgery.

Methods

This retrospective study involved 484 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for primary colorectal cancer at Hokkaido University Hospital. We categorized the patients into a POI group (n = 19) and non‐POI group (n = 465). We compared sex, age, smoking, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes mellitus, body mass index (BMI), cardiac disorder, serum albumin, American Society of Anesthesiologists‐physical status, tumor location, tumor stage, operative duration, stoma formation, lymph node dissection, operator, and bleeding as potential risk factors for POI between the POI group and non‐POI group by univariate and multivariate analyses.

Results

The univariate analysis results showed that the POI group had a higher incidence of male sex (P = 0.036), COPD (P = 0.029), and a BMI of <20 kg/m2 (P = 0.0487) as well as a higher bleeding volume (P = 0.014). The multivariate analysis results showed that male sex (odds ratio [OR], 0.2799; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.089–0.993; P = 0.0298), COPD (0.2866; 0.095–0.862; P = 0.0262), and a BMI of <20 kg/m2 (0.2985; 0.112–0.794; P = 0.0154) were independent risk factors for POI after laparoscopic colorectal resection.

Conclusion

Our findings suggest that male sex, COPD, and a BMI of <20 kg/m2 are independent risk factors for POI after laparoscopic colorectal surgery for treatment of colorectal cancer.
A Deep Learning Approach to Powder X‐Ray Diffraction Pattern Analysis: Addressing Generalizability and Perturbation Issues Simultaneously
Authors: Lee Byung Do , Lee Jin-Woong , Ahn Junuk , Kim Seonghwan , Park Woon Bae , Sohn Kee-Sun
Published: June 2023

A deep learning (DL)‐based approach for analysis is proposed. Using synthetic XRD data for a DL approach is inevitable due to the lack of real‐world XRD data. There are two main challenges when conducting a DL‐based XRD analysis: generating realistic XRD data including all possible perturbations, such as peak shift, broadening, texture, and noisy background, and generalizing the DL model applicability to all ICSD entries. To address both the perturbation and generalizability issues, a large‐scale computation is required because it would be infeasible with typical lab‐scale computation. Cloud computing infrastructures are leveraged for parallel computations and to obtain symmetry classification test accuracies of 98.95%, 97.18%, and 96.03% for the crystal system, extinction group, and space group, respectively. A stricter individual compound‐based train and test dataset‐splitting scheme also produces reasonable test accuracies of 92.25%, 87.34%, and 84.39%, which are still state‐of‐the‐art records. Crucially, the DL model trained on synthetic data is assessed using real‐world experimental XRD datasets to ensure its practical applicability. When tested on the real‐world experimental XRD dataset, the model achieves a test accuracy of 90.38% in predicting crystal systems.
α‐Alkylation of Mono‐Carbonyl Compounds with N‐Allylamines through Cooperative Actions of Lewis Acids and a Brønsted Base
Authors: Dai Changhang , Chapman Matthew , Wasa Masayuki
Published: June 2023

We present a strategy for the union of N‐allylamines and carbonyl compounds by the concerted action of B(C6F5)3 and a N‐based Brønsted base under redox‐neutral conditions. The reaction of in situ generated conjugated iminium ions and enolates affords δ‐aminocarbonyl compounds without waste generation. Furthermore, we describe that the cooperative action of B(C6F5)3, a chiral Zn‐based complex, and an amine facilitates the stereoselective reaction of a glycinate Schiff base ester and an N‐allylamine to afford an α‐substituted α‐amino ester.
Copper‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Radical Amination of Tertiary C(sp3)−H Bonds to Access α‐Quaternary Pyrrolidines
Authors: Gao Ang , Ren Yang‐Qing , Luan Cheng , Tian Yu , Liu Lin , Gu Qiang‐Shuai , Li Zhong‐Liang , Yang Chang‐Jiang , Liu Xin‐Yuan
Published: June 2023

Herein, we describe a Cu(I)/phosphoric acid catalyzed intramolecular radical tertiary C(sp3)−H amination of N‐chlorosulfonamide, providing an applicable route to the pyrrolidine structural motifs bearing an α‐quaternary stereocenter (>20 examples with up to 94 % yield). Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction involves an intramolecular 1,5‐hydrogen atom transfer process to form the key tertiary C‐centered radical followed by a C−N bond formation. The corresponding enantioselective amination is accordingly disclosed by Cu(I)/chiral phosphoric acid catalyst to afford the chiral products with up to 81 % enantiomeric excess (ee). This strategy is anticipated to facilitate the development of tertiary C(sp3)−H functionalization.
Alkynyl Boosted High‐Performance Lithium Storage and Mechanism in Covalent Phenanthroline Framework
Authors: Cao Yingnan , Fang Haoyan , Guo Chaofei , Sun Weiwei , Xu Yi , Wu Yang , Wang Yong
Published: June 2023

The poor conductivity of the pristine bulk covalent organic material is the main challenge for its application in energy storage. The mechanism of symmetric alkynyl bonds (C≡C) in covalent organic materials for lithium storage is still rarely reported. Herein, a nanosized (≈80 nm) alkynyl‐linked covalent phenanthroline framework (Alkynyl‐CPF) is synthesized for the first time to improve the intrinsic charge conductivity and the insolubility of the covalent organic material in lithium‐ion batteries. Because of the high degree of electron conjugation along alkynyl units and N atoms from phenanthroline groups, the Alkynyl‐CPF electrodes with the lowest HOMO–LUMO energy gap (ΔE=2.629 eV) show improved intrinsic conductivity by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. As a result, the pristine Alkynyl‐CPF electrode delivers superior cycling performance with a large reversible capacity and outstanding rate properties (1068.0 mAh g−1 after 300 cycles at 100 mA g−1 and 410.5 mAh g−1 after 700 cycles at 1000 mA g−1). Moreover, by Raman, FT‐IR, XPS, EIS, and theoretical simulations, the energy‐storage mechanism of C≡C units and phenanthroline groups in the Alkynyl‐CPF electrode has been investigated. This work provides new strategies and insights for the design and mechanism investigation of covalent organic materials in electrochemical energy storage.
High‐entropy Electrolyte Enables High Reversibility and Long Lifespan for Magnesium Metal Anodes
Authors: Wang Shiyang , Wang Kewei , Zhang Yuchen , Jie Yulin , Li Xinpeng , Pan Yuxue , Gao Xiaowen , Nian Qingshun , Cao Ruiguo , Li Qi , Jiao Shuhong , Xu Dongsheng
Published: June 2023

The stable cycling of Mg‐metal anodes is limited by several problems, including sluggish electrochemical kinetics and passivation at the Mg surface. In this study, we present a high‐entropy electrolyte composed of lithium triflate (LiOTf) and trimethyl phosphate (TMP) co‐added to magnesium bis(trifluoromethane sulfonyl)imide (Mg(TFSI)2/1,2‐dimethoxyethane (DME) to significantly improve the electrochemical performance of Mg‐metal anodes. The as‐formed high‐entropy Mg2+‐2DME‐OTf−‐Li+‐DME‐TMP solvation structure effectively reduced the Mg2+‐DME interaction in comparison with that observed in traditional Mg(TFSI)2/DME electrolytes, thereby preventing the formation of insulating components on the Mg‐metal anode and promoting its electrochemical kinetics and cycling stability. Comprehensive characterization revealed that the high‐entropy solvation structure brought OTf− and TMP to the surface of the Mg‐metal anode and promoted the formation of a Mg3(PO4)2‐rich interfacial layer, which is beneficial for enhancing Mg2+ conductivity. Consequently, the Mg‐metal anode achieved excellent reversibility with a high Coulombic efficiency of 98 % and low voltage hysteresis. This study provides new insights into the design of electrolytes for Mg‐metal batteries.
A Multifunctional Liquid Crystal as Hole Transport Layer Additive Enhances Efficiency and Stability of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Lai Qian , Zhuang Rongshan , Zhang Kun , Wu Tai , Xie Lin , Zhao Rongjun , Yang Lei , Wang Yang , Hua Yong
Published: June 2023

Lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li‐TFSI) has been identified as the most used and effective p‐dopant for hole transport layer (HTL) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the migration and agglomeration of Li‐TFSI in HTL negatively impact PSCs performance and stability. Herein, we report an effective strategy for adding a liquid crystal organic small molecule (LQ) into Li‐TFSI doped (2,2′,7,7′‐tetrakis(N,N‐di‐p‐methoxyphenylamine)‐9,9′‐ spirobifluorene (Spiro‐OMeTAD) HTL. It was found that the introduction of LQ into Spiro‐OMeTAD HTL can efficiently enhance the charge carrier extraction and transportation in device, which can strongly retard the charge carrier recombination in device. Consequently, the PSCs efficiency is significantly enhanced to 24.42 % (Spiro‐OMeTAD+LQ) from 21.03 % (Spiro‐OMeTAD). The chemical coordination between LQ and Li‐TFSI can strongly confine Li+ ions migration and agglomeration of Li‐TFSI, thus, achieving the enhanced device stability. Only a 9 % efficiency degradation is observed for un‐encapsulated device prepared with Spiro‐OMeTAD and LQ after 1700 h under air environment, while the efficiency drops by 30 % for the reference device. This work provides an effective strategy for improving the efficiency and stability of PSCs, and gives some important insights for understanding intrinsic hot carriers dynamics for perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices.
A DNA‐Gated and Self‐Protected Bioorthogonal Catalyst for Nanozyme‐Assisted Safe Cancer Therapy
Authors: Zhang Yanjie , Zhang Lu , Wang Wenjie , Deng Qingqing , Liu Mengmeng , Zhu Zitong , Liu Hao , Ren Jinsong , Qu Xiaogang
Published: June 2023

Transition metal catalysts (TMCs) mediated bioorthogonal uncaging catalysis has sparked increasing interest in prodrug activation. However, due to their “always‐on” catalytic activity as well as the complex and catalytic‐detrimental intracellular environment, the biosafety and therapeutic efficiency of TMCs are unsatisfactory. Herein, a DNA‐gated and self‐protected bioorthogonal catalyst has been designed by modifying nanozyme‐Pd0 with highly programmable nucleic acid (DNA) molecules to achieve efficient intracellular drug synthesis for cancer therapy. Monolayer DNA molecules could endow the catalyst with targeting and perform as a gatekeeper to achieve selective prodrug activation within cancer cells. Meanwhile, the prepared graphitic nitrogen‐doped carbon nanozyme with glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and catalase (CAT)‐like activities could improve the catalytic‐detrimental intracellular environment to prevent the catalyst from being inactivated and sensitize the subsequent chemotherapy. Overall, we believe that our work will promote the development of secure and efficient bioorthogonal catalytic systems and provide new insights into novel antineoplastic platforms.
Programmed Pore‐Shape Fixing in a Soft Porous Molecular Crystal—Navigating the Phase Interconversion Landscape
Authors: Eaby Alan C. , Loots Leigh , Basson Jeanice L. , Esterhuysen Catharine , Barbour Leonard J.
Published: June 2023

Pore‐shape fixing effects (PSFEs) in soft porous crystals are a relatively unexplored area of materials chemistry. We report the PSFE in the prototypical dynamic van der Waals solid p‐tert‐butylcalix[4]arene (TBC4). Starting with the high‐density guest‐free phase, two porous shape‐fixed phases were programmed using the stimuli of CO2 pressure and temperature. A suite of complementary in situ techniques, including variable‐pressure (VP) single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction, VP powder X‐ray diffraction, VP differential scanning calorimetry, volumetric sorption analysis, and attenuated total reflectance Fourier‐transform infrared spectroscopy was used to track dynamic guest‐induced transformations, providing molecular‐level insight into the PSFE. The interconversion between the two metastable phases is particle size dependent, making this the second example of the PSFE by crystal downsizing, and the first example involving a porous molecular crystal: larger particles undergo reversible transitions while smaller particles remain fixed in the metastable phase. A complete phase interconversion scheme was constructed for the material, thus allowing navigation of the phase interconversion landscape of TBC4 using the easily applied stimuli of CO2 pressure and thermal treatment.
Designed Tetranuclear Iron‐oxo Clusters with Redox Activity for High‐Performance Lithium Storage
Authors: Lv Jia‐Qi , Li Bo , Liu Qianqian , Gao Zhixin , Lang Zhong‐Ling , Liang Song , Li Yingqi , Zang Hong‐Ying
Published: June 2023

Polyoxometalates (POMs) are considered as promising catalysts with unique redox activity at the molecular level for energy storage. However, eco‐friendly iron‐oxo clusters with special metal coordination structures have rarely been reported for Li‐ion storage. Herein, three novel redox‐active tetranuclear iron‐oxo clusters have been synthesized using the solvothermal method with different ratios of Fe3+ and SO42−. Further, they can serve as anode materials for Li‐ion batteries. Among them, cluster H6[Fe4O2(H2O)2(SO4)7]⋅H2O, the stable structure extended by SO42− with a unique 1D pore, displays a specific discharge capacity of 1784 mAh g−1 at 0.2 C and good cycle performance (at 0.2 C and 4 C). This is the first instance of inorganic iron‐oxo clusters being used for Li‐ion storage. Our findings present a new molecular model system with a well‐defined structure and offer new design concepts for the practical application of studying the multi‐electron redox activity of iron‐oxo clusters.
Single‐Phase Growth, Stabilization, and Electrical Properties of B Phase VO2 Films Grown on Mica by Reactive Magnetron Sputtering
Authors: Ekström E. , Hurand S. , Yildizhan M. M. , Elsukova A. , Persson P. O. Å. , Paul B. , Ramanath G. , le Febvrier A. , Eriksson F. , Eklund P.
Published: June 2023

The VO2 metastable (B) phase is of interest for applications in temperature sensing, bolometry, and Li‐ion batteries. However, single‐phase growth of thin films of this metastable phase is a challenge because vanadium oxide exhibits many polymorphs and the VO2 stable (M1) phase is usually present as a secondary phase. Additionally, the phase transition at 350 °C in the (B) phase severely narrows the processing window for achieving phase‐pure films. Here, single‐phase growth of 5‐to 50‐nm thick VO2 (B) films on muscovite, mica, by pulsed direct‐current reactive magnetron sputtering at 400 °C is demonstrated. The films are phase‐pure and exhibit a high density of 4.05 g cm−3 and low resistivity of about 50 mΩcm at 30 °C. Increasing the film thickness to 100 nm results in a V2O5‐capped VO2 (B) film with a resistivity of 8000 mΩcm. These results indicate that the stability of the VO2 (B) phase is sensitive to in situ annealing during deposition. These findings should serve as a basis to design processes to exclusively obtain phase‐pure VO2 (B) films.
Fabrication of oxygen‐carrying microparticles functionalized with liver ECM‐proteins to improve phenotypic three‐dimensional in vitro liver assembly, function, and responses
Authors: Mansouri Mona , Imes William D. , Roberts Owen S. , Leipzig Nic D.
Published: June 2023

Oxygen and extracellular matrix (ECM)‐derived biopolymers play vital roles in regulating many cellular functions in both the healthy and diseased liver. This study highlights the significance of synergistically tuning the internal microenvironment of three‐dimensional (3D) cell aggregates composed of hepatocyte‐like cells from the HepG2 human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line and hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) from the LX‐2 cell line to enhance oxygen availability and phenotypic ECM ligand presentation for promoting the native metabolic functions of the human liver. First, fluorinated (PFC) chitosan microparticles (MPs) were generated with a microfluidic chip, then their oxygen transport properties were studied using a custom ruthenium‐based oxygen sensing approach. Next, to allow for integrin engagements the surfaces of these MPs were functionalized using liver ECM proteins including fibronectin, laminin‐111, laminin‐511, and laminin‐521, then they were used to assemble composite spheriods along with HepG2 cells and HSCs. After in vitro culture, liver‐specific functions and cell adhesion patterns were compared between groups and cells showed enhanced liver phenotypic responses to laminin‐511 and 521 as evidenced via enhanced E‐cadherin and vinculin expression, as well as albumin and urea secretion. Furthermore, hepatocytes and HSCs exhibited more pronounced phenotypic arrangements when cocultured with laminin‐511 and 521 modified MPs providing clear evidence that specific ECM proteins have distinctive roles in the phenotypic regulation of liver cells in engineering 3D spheroids. This study advances efforts to create more physiologically relevant organ models allowing for well‐defined conditions and phenotypic cell signaling which together improve the relevance of 3D spheroid and organoid models.
Association between ambient temperature and risk of stroke morbidity and mortality: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Authors: Wen Jing , Zou Li , Jiang Ziwen , Li Yufeng , Tao Jiaxin , Liu Yifang , Fu Wenning , Bai Xue , Mao Jing
Published: June 2023

Background

Previous studies have suggested that ambient temperature is associated with the morbidity and mortality of stroke although results among these investigations remained unclear. Therefore, the purpose of present meta‐analysis was to summarize the evidence of the relationship between ambient temperature and stroke morbidity and mortality.

Methods

A systematic search of the PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science databases was from inception to April 13, 2022. The pooled estimates for heat ambient temperature and cold ambient temperature, which were defined as comparison between extreme hot or cold conditions and the reference or threshold temperature, were calculated utilizing a random‐effects model. A total of 20 studies were included in the meta‐analysis.

Results

The pooled estimated show that the heat ambient temperature was significant associated with 10% (relative risk [RR], 1.10; 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 1.02–1.18) and 9% (RR, 1.09; 95%CI: 1.02–1.17) increase in the risk of stroke morbidity and mortality, respectively. In addition, the pooled estimated show that the cold ambient temperature was significant associated with 33% (RR, 1.33; 95%CI: 1.17–1.51) and 18% (RR, 1.18; 95%CI: 1.06–1.31) increase in the risk of stroke morbidity and mortality, respectively.

Conclusion

Integrated epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that both heat and cold ambient temperature have positive association with the risk of stroke morbidity and mortality. Targeted measures should be promoted in public health to reduce this risk.
Comparison of breast‐conserving surgery without radiotherapy and mastectomy in the treatment of elderly patients with early breast cancer: A PSM and SEER database study
Authors: Fu Baiyang , Chen Xi , Liang Wenlong , Wang Yao , Yao Yuan , Zhang Jianguo
Published: June 2023

Background

At present, there is no research on which surgical method can lead to a better prognosis in elderly patients with early breast cancer. The purpose of this study was to establish a nomogram to predict the survival outcome of elderly patients with early breast cancer and to compare the prognosis of the breast‐conserving surgery (BCS) group who did not receive postoperative radiotherapy and the mastectomy group through risk stratification.

Methods

This study included patients with early breast cancer aged ≥70 years from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database (n = 20,520). The group was randomly divided into a development cohort (n = 14,363) and a validation cohort (n = 6157) according to a ratio of 7:3. Risk factors affecting overall survival (OS) and breast‐cancer‐specific survival (BCSS) were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox regression. Present results were obtained by constructing nomograms and risk stratifications. Nomograms were evaluated by the concordance index and calibration curve. Kaplan–Meier curves were established based on BCSS and analyzed using the log‐rank test.

Results

Multivariate Cox regression results showed that age, race, pathological grade, T and N stages, and progesterone receptor (PR) status were independent risk factors for OS and BCSS in the BCS group and mastectomy group. Subsequently, they were incorporated into nomograms to predict 3‐ and 5‐year OS and BCSS in patients after BCS and mastectomy. The concordance index was between 0.704 and 0.832, and the nomograms also showed good calibration. The results of risk stratification showed that there was no survival difference between the BCS group and the mastectomy group in the low‐risk and high‐risk groups. In the middle‐risk group, BCS improved the BCSS of patients to a certain extent.

Conclusion

This study constructed a well‐performing nomogram and risk stratification model to assess the survival benefit of BCS without postoperative radiotherapy in elderly patients with early breast cancer. The results of the study can help clinicians analyze the prognosis of patients and the benefits of surgical methods individually.