bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Incidence of pests and viral disease on pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.) in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan
Authors: Kim Ok-Kyung , Ishikawa Tadashi , Yamada Yoshihiro , Sato Takuma , Shinohara Hirosuke , Takahata Ken
Published: August 2017

The solanaceous fruit crop pepino (Solanum muricatum Ait.), originating in the Andes, is grown commercially in South American countries and New Zealand. In these areas, pests and diseases of pepino have been identified well; however, to date, these have seldom been investigated in detail in Japan. Herein, we attempt to reconstruct an agricultural production system for commercial pepino crops in Japan, and evaluate the incidence of pests and viral diseases on pepino. The findings of this study will facilitate in developing a better crop system for the commercial cultivation of healthy pepino fruits.

A total of 11 species, comprising nine insects and two mites, were recognized as pests of pepino plants in our experimental fields in Kanagawa Prefecture, central Honshu, Japan. Of these pest species, the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch, 1836 and the cotton aphid Aphis gossypii Glover, 1877, were remarkably abundant than the other pest species. Eventually, 13 species, including two previously recorded, are currently recognized as the pests of pepino in Japan. With regard to viruses, we tested two species Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) and Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), as well as three genera Carlavirus, Potexvirus, and Potyvirus. No virus was detected in symptomatic pepino leaves collected in our experimental fields. This is a first report on the identification of pests on pepino plants in Kanagawa Prefecture, Japan and elucidates the relationship between currently occurring pests of pepino plants and potential viral pathogens that they can transmit.
Pierre Nora, éditeur
Authors: Simonin Anne , Fouché Pascal
Published: August 2017

Dans cet entretien Pierre Nora retrace sa double carrière d’historien et d’éditeur. Après avoir enseigne à Sciences Politiques, il a été directeur d’études à l’Ecole des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales pendant vingt ans. Il a crée la collection « Archives » en 1964 et est entré chez Gallimard en 1966 pour s’occuper des sciences humaines. Il a fondé la revue Le Débat en 1980 et a dirigé Les Lieux de Mémoire parus chez Gallimard entre 1984 et 1993.
La réhabilitation comme coup éditorial : infortunes et fortune de Jack London en France
Authors: Lacassin Francis
Published: August 2017

Le témoignage de Francis Lacassin, éditeur des œuvres de Jack London dans la collection « 10/18 », montre comment en 1973 il a ressuscité un auteur, qui n’était plus publié en France depuis plus de trente ans, en organisant son lancement grâce à la volonté d’un éditeur de poche. Le succès lui a permis de publier une cinquantaine de volumes en douze ans dont certains, recueils de textes disparates, étaient inédits en langue anglaise.
Justice au travail et travail du droit : invitations à une sociologie différenciée du droit et de la justice
Authors: Michel Hélène
Published: August 2017

L’étude sociologique des conflits du travail devant les tribunaux doit beaucoup aux développements des travaux qui empruntent à trois traditions de recherche : l’analyse de l’action collective, les études du syndicalisme et des relations professionnelles et la sociologie du droit et de la justice. Toutefois, même en articulant ces trois perspectives d’analyse, les travaux en restent à une approche généraliste du droit et de la justice, occultant la spécificité du droit du travail et de ses juridictions dans la régulation et la résolution des conflits. Au-delà du cas du travail, cet article plaide pour une approche différenciée du droit et de la justice susceptible de rendre compte à la fois des logiques de l’action, qu’elle soit collective ou individuelle, et des effets du travail juridique et judiciaire sur les différents secteurs économiques et sociaux.
Face au handicap : action syndicale et cadrages juridiques
Authors: Lejeune Aude , Yazdanpanah Héléna
Published: August 2017

Les travailleurs en situation de handicap forment une catégorie invisibilisée et discriminée. Cet article examine la façon dont les militants syndicaux, en France, utilisent le droit et la justice pour défendre les travailleurs handicapés et, par ce biais, pour rendre ce public visible, aux yeux des employeurs et de leurs propres organisations syndicales. Il montre tout d’abord comment les syndicalistes font émerger la cause des travailleurs handicapés. Ensuite, il examine leurs usages du droit, très contrastés en fonction des arènes mobilisées et des buts poursuivis. Il met enfin en évidence les cadrages pluriels du handicap au sein des organisations syndicales, qui allient leur action pour la protection des emplois des salariés à des revendications d’égalité professionnelle. Plus généralement, cette étude renouvelle les travaux sur les usages syndicaux du droit en portant attention aux rôles du droit dans la visibilisation d’un public.
Les pratiques militantes d’un avocat travailliste contre des restructurations d’entreprises
Authors: Tonneau Jean-Philippe
Published: August 2017

Les restructurations et les licenciements collectifs ont fait la une de la presse nationale et régionale, ou tout au moins ont occupé, ces dernières années, une place de choix dans les pages économiques et/ou judiciaires. Pour autant les chercheurs se sont peu penchés sur la contestation judiciaire et juridique menée par les élus du personnel et sur les relations entretenues avec leur avocat. À partir des archives professionnelles de l’avocat Tiennot Grumbach, l’article relate l’épisode juridique de cinq restructurations d’entreprise. Dans un premier temps, il tente de saisir l’usage syndical par le bas des élus syndicaux en s’intéressant à leur mobilisation du droit et son articulation avec d’autres modes d’actions. Dans un deuxième temps, l’article s’interroge sur les raisons du recours au droit et à T. Grumbach par les représentants du personnel. L’engagement d’une procédure par les élus pour contester la restructuration leur permet de gagner du temps, d’encadrer la mobilisation et les salariés, et de peser dans les négociations avec la direction de leur entreprise.
« Quand on va au juridique, c’est qu’on a déjà perdu »
Authors: Giraud Baptiste
Published: August 2017

En dépit de la constitution d’un véritable savoir-faire militant dans l’usage du droit au sein des organisations syndicales, une partie de leurs militants continue d’entretenir un rapport critique et ambivalent à l’action en justice. Beaucoup n’envisagent cette modalité d’action que comme une arme de dernier recours, pour des raisons liées à des contraintes d’ordre tout à la fois juridique, organisationnel et stratégique. Cet article s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique menée auprès de militants d’une structure syndicale territoriale de la CGT dans le secteur du commerce et des services. L’étude de son fonctionnement permet d’abord de mettre en évidence le rôle d’intermédiation fondamentalement ambigu que joue cet espace syndical dans les modalités de saisine de l’arme du droit par ses adhérents. Le soutien apporté aux adhérents pour régler leurs problèmes juridiques constitue une activité centrale des dirigeants de cette structure syndicale. La prise en charge des plaintes des adhérents passe cependant par l’apprentissage et par la mise en œuvre de stratégies d’évitement du recours à la justice, afin de privilégier des formes plus militantes de résolution des litiges, jugées plus efficaces pour faire valoir leurs droits et plus cohérentes avec les principes militants de l’organisation. Dans un second temps est étudié un long mouvement de grève révélateur des stratégies juridiques à la disposition des directions en situation de grève pour contenir la mobilisation, et des difficultés que les militants syndicaux peuvent a contrario rencontrer pour concilier le recours à l’action juridique avec l’organisation d’une grève. Cet article vise ainsi à rendre compte tout à la fois de certaines limites de la judiciarisation des stratégies syndicales et de la diversité des conditions dans lesquelles les conflits du travail en viennent à se prolonger dans l’arène judiciaire.
De jeunes salariés confrontés à l’(in)justice du travail : recours aux prud’hommes et effets socialisateurs de l’épreuve judiciaire
Authors: Trémeau Camille
Published: August 2017

À partir d’une enquête menée au Conseil de Prud’hommes de Nantes auprès de jeunes salariés, cet article propose d’interroger la genèse de leurs mobilisations judiciaires. Il montre que le sentiment d’injustice ne constitue pas systématiquement le « moteur » du recours au Conseil de Prud’hommes, ou encore l’unique élément déclencheur du conflit. Certes, aux yeux des enquêtés, les épreuves vécues au travail nécessitent une reconnaissance et une réparation de nature symbolique et/ou pécuniaire. Mais aux usages offensifs des Prud’hommes s’articulent des logiques plus défensives, lorsque l’action en justice vise avant tout à mettre fin au contrat de travail. L’article éclaire par ailleurs les effets socialisateurs de l’épreuve judiciaire. Au terme de la procédure, si les savoirs juridiques et procéduraux des enquêtés peuvent s’accroître, ils demeurent le plus souvent limités à l’expérience vécue. En revanche, l’appréhension des relations salariales par les requérants apparaît transformée. L’expérience prud’homale consacre ainsi l’existence d’intérêts antagoniques entre employeur et salarié, et les encourage à développer un sentiment d’avoir « droit à avoir des droits ».
Observer le militantisme par intermittence : les effets de la discontinuité sur le terrain
Authors: Emperador Badimon Montserrat
Published: August 2017

Cet article interroge les enjeux posés par l’observation directe mais intermittente d’espaces militants. Quelques effets tangibles de l’intermittence sont la difficulté de la chercheuse à endosser un rôle pertinent dans l’espace militant observé ou à développer des liens de confiance avec les personnes enquêtées. Le constat d’une faible socialisation dans le milieu peut provoquer un impact émotionnel particulier. Il est nécessaire d’en tenir compte, car cette expérience émotionnelle constitue une source d’information sur l’objet étudié au même titre que les données tirées des observations et des entretiens.
Evaluation of a Health Literacy Program for Chronic Conditions
Authors: Elmer Shandell , Bridgman Heather , Williams Andrew , Bird Marie-Louise , Murray Sandra , Jones Rachael , Cheney Michael
Published: August 2017

Background:

Although much is known about health literacy in concept and practice, more research is needed to understand the mechanisms that improve health literacy and result in healthy behavior change. This is particularly so for those at risk of or living with chronic conditions who reside in communities experiencing socioeconomic disadvantage.

Objective:

The program aimed to improve the prevention and management of chronic conditions by responding to health literacy needs.

Methods:

A health literacy program, underpinned by Ophelia principles, was developed in consultation with three Neighbourhood Houses located in areas of socioeconomic disadvantage. Four 7-week group programs were delivered by a multidisciplinary team of academic health professionals. The evaluation aimed to explain how the design, content, and approach to delivery resulted in healthy behavior change and increased health literacy for the participants. Four focus groups were conducted to elicit feedback about the participants' experience of the program and recommendations for future programs. Data were thematically analyzed. The focus groups were attended by 22 (43%) of the total 51 program participants. Most of the participants were women with one or more chronic condition and residing in an area of socioeconomic disadvantage.

Key Results:

Four major themes were identified including the components of self-determination theory (SDT) (autonomy and competence and relatedness) and a separate, but related theme of empowerment. Recommendations for improving future programs were categorized separately.

Conclusions:

The SDT framework is a useful and novel approach to explaining the evaluation outcomes, the application of the Ophelia principles' underpinning design of the program, and the contribution of a multidisciplinary team of academic health professionals. Future programs will benefit from the SDT as a planning and evaluation framework, as well as understanding the long-term effects of the program within the broader community.

[
Health Literacy Research and Practice
. 2017;1(3):e100–e108.]

Plain Language Summary:

A team of health professionals developed a 7-week group program that they delivered in the community setting to people who were living with or at risk of developing chronic conditions. The evaluation showed the benefit of providing health information in ways that can be understood and acted upon, as well as the value of a group program that fosters participation.
Conflitos e relações de poderes entre a justiça e os gêneros sexuais: o crime de sedução de menor dentro da literatura jurídica brasileira – 1940-1990
Authors: Pereira Eder Adriano
Published: August 2017

Este ensaio é parte de minha pesquisa de mestrado a qual analisa por meio de 17 fontes processuais, arquivadas no acervo do Centro de Documentação e Apoio à Pesquisa ─ Cedap, situado na Unesp/Assis-SP, o crime de sedução de menores ocorrido entre 1940, com o advento do Código Penal, até o ano de 1990, com a instauração do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente, ECA. Tal análise investigativa justifica-se em pesquisar o tratamento judicial dado aos réus e as vítimas inseridas no crime de sedução de menor, no período anterior à estruturação do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente na região de Assis. Além disso, inserir o cotidiano judicial dos réus e das vítimas ao contexto das relações sociais da época, que antecede a regulamentação da lei 8069 de 1990 a partir, da vigência do Código Penal de 1940.
Ensinar Filosofia para ensinar a filosofar
Authors: Alves Antônio José Lopes , Silva Sabina Maura
Published: August 2017

No presente artigo, toma-se para exame a querela inaugurada pela assertiva kantiana de que não se é possível ensinar filosofia, mas tão somente a filosofar. O objetivo é analisar a pertinência da questão, bem como a apropriação que dela se fez no contexto das discussões acerca do ensino de filosofia, o qual é preponderantemente calcado numa contraposição abstrata entre o pensar e o pensamento. A argumentação, aqui, recoloca em bases diferentes, não dicotômicas, as relações entre produto e produção intelectuais. Chama-se a atenção para o quanto esse reposicionamento é importante para o trabalho pedagógico em filosofia.  Seria Kant um precursor das proposituras não diretivas em pedagogia? O pensador de Königsberg teria realmente invalidado a utilização do texto da tradição em sala de aula? Para exame da propositura de Kant, parte-se de seu contexto, as formulações contidas no Anúncio do programa de lições do semestre de inverno de 1765-1766.
Coaching na Educação? Pesquisa-ação com gestores escolares
Authors: Birck Fernanda Kleber , Ziliotto Denise Macedo
Published: August 2017

O artigo tem como objetivo analisar uma experiência de coaching realizada com gestores em contexto escolar, de modo a avaliar as potencialidades da ferramenta neste âmbito. A investigação teve como método a pesquisa-ação, sendo sujeitos de pesquisa gestores de diferentes setores de uma escola privada. Os norteadores teóricos são oriundos do campo da Educação - Lück (2000, 2005, 2006, 2009 e 2011), Paro (2010), Libâneo, Oliveira e Toschi (2005), Santos e Sales (2012) e Rodrigues (2009) - e do Coaching, como Dutra (2010), Whitmore (2010), Pérez (2009) e Goldsmith (2012). O processo de coaching foi percebido como uma experiência que permitiu aos gestores reverem suas práticas profissionais e projetarem mudanças necessárias. Os participantes avaliaram-no como um dispositivo que lhes oportunizou reflexão e espaço para o diálogo, fortaleceu o grupo e possibilitou mais proximidade e integração. Como desdobramentos do processo, os gestores identificaram o desenvolvimento da capacidade de planejamento e de organização, potencializando sua atuação no cotidiano da escola. Como desafios pode-se mencionar a instabilidade empregatícia na escola privada, a multiplicidade de demandas feitas aos gestores e uma possível resistência inicial no ambiente escolar, pois a prática do coaching prevalece no âmbito empresarial.
Editorial
Authors: Sita Patrícia Coradim , Vicentini Max Rogério
Published: August 2017

Editorial do Volume 39(2) de 2017.
Microstructure and Corrosion Properties of Homogenized Mg-4Zn-1La Magnesium Alloy
Authors: Zengin Huseyin , Turen Yunus , Ahlatci Hayrettin , Sun Yavuz , Kara Ismail Hakkı
Published: August 2017

In this study, microstructure and corrosion behaviour of homogenized Mg-4Zn-1La magnesium alloy was investigated. Mg-4Zn-1La alloy was produced by low-pressure die casting method. Homogenization treatments were performed at 350 °C and 400 °C for 12, 18, 24 and 48 hours, followed by rapid cooling in water at room temperature. Microstructure characterizations showed that La addition led to a formation of semi-continuous network structure and islands of second phases which identified as T-phase (Mg7Zn3RE). A significant amount of second phase dissolution and an increase in a-Mg grain size with increasing both homogenization time and temperature was observed. Homogenization treatment led to an improvement in corrosion resistance of Mg-4Zn-1La alloy. Homogenization at 400 °C resulted in better corrosion resistance than homogenization at 350 °C for all homogenization duration.
CoCrFeNiMo High Entropy Alloy Produced by Solid State Processing
Authors: Csáki Ioana , Karlsdottir Sigrún Nanna , Serghiuță Steluța , Popescu Gabriela , Buzatu Mihai , Geambazu Laura Elena , Manea Ciprian Alexandru
Published: August 2017

Mechanical alloying (MA) is a high-energy ball milling process results in the obtaining of simple and stable microstructures having increased homogeneity compared to other non-equilibrium synthesis methods. The aim of this paper was to develop a high entropy alloy with an improved hardness value suitable for coating turbine blades working in geothermal steam. CoCrFeNiMo high entropy alloy was processed in solid state, using mechanical alloying. After 40h milling time in a planetary ball mill the alloyed sample was consolidated using spark plasma sintering process. The samples obtained were investigated with the aid of optical and electron microscope, X ray diffraction and the hardness value was determined. The results obtained revealed that the powder was completely alloyed after 40 hour milling and the mixture between BCC and FCC phases resulted in 34% improved hardness value in comparison with a stainless steel usually used for turbine blades working in geothermal environment.
Sequential Casting of Functionally Graded Material
Authors: Peter Ildiko , Rosso Mario , Lombardo Silvia
Published: August 2017

Functionally graded materials (FGM) are used for components with specific characteristics required by the considered area of application. In this research, functionally graded material is obtained with sequential casting process of two different aluminum alloys. They are poured into the mould, aiming to obtain within the same component high thermal resistance and mechanical strength on one side and ductility and elongation on the other side.The new casting has high potential, especially in the production of automotive components, e.g., pistons. Usually, piston alloys are eutectic Al-Si alloys, with high percentage of other alloying elements which increases the thermal resistance of the material. However, this high concentration of alloying elements leads to a considerable reduction of the material’s elongation that is not always tolerable. The low ductility can be an issue for the inferior part of the piston that is more subjected to fatigue stress. To increase the elongation, in addition to the alloy used for the manufacturing, a hypoeutectic Al-Si alloy is considered in the sequential casting of the FGM, that in turn gives rise to a superior ductility in the component.The purpose of this research is the optimization of the manufacturing process parameters of a functionally graded material to be used for the production of a more performing element. In particular, the produced piston shows a superior resistance at high temperatures in the area which it is in contact with the gas combustion and, simultaneously exhibits a superior fatigue life on its lateral part.
Obtaining of Fe-Base Biodegradable Metallic Alloy
Authors: Săndulache Florin , Stanciu Sergiu , Cimpoeşu Nicanor , Cimpoeşu Ramona , Stanciu Teodor
Published: August 2017

Biodegradable metallic materials gain space in implantable materials field based on the applications that can fulfill. Beside Mg-based alloys a new class of metallic materials is under development, alloys based on Fe, in order to improve the corrosion rate, one of the disadvantages of magnesium alloys, and the mechanical properties of the implant. In this article we present the steps took to obtain a biodegradable FeMnSi alloy with metallic additions and few preliminary results about the chemical composition (X-ray dispersive energy analyze EDS) of the sample and the influence of hardening heat treatment on chemical composition. After the melting and pouring stages the new material was analyzed.
Design and Processing of Novel Ceramic Composite Structures for Use in Medical Surgery
Authors: Fornabaio Marta , Palmero Paola , Reveron Helen , Chevalier Jérôme , Montanaro Laura
Published: August 2017

. In order to fulfill the clinical requirements for strong, tough and stable ceramics for dental applications, we have designed and developed innovative Ceria-stabilized zirconia (Ce-TZP)-based composites. In particular, we have added two kinds of second phases to the Ce-TZP matrix: equiaxed a-Al2O3 grains, for increasing the hardness and the fracture strength, and elongated hexa-aluminates (both SrAl12O19 and CeMgAl11O19), to provide an additional toughening effect by crack deflection/bridging mechanisms. In order to carefully control the composition and the microstructure in those complex composite systems, we have used a novel surface-coating approach for the preparation of the nanostructured composite powders, which allows a perfect tailoring of the microstructural, morphological and compositional features of the composites. Once optimized the sintering cycle for each composite material, both composites reached full densification. Mechanical properties (Vickers hardness, flexural strength and fracture toughness) were evaluated, while the zirconia transformability was followed by means of an optical microscope during load-unload bending tests. The sensitivity to ageing was estimated by autoclave treatments. In spite of a remarkable different behavior – mainly in terms of stress-induced tetragonal to monoclinic zirconia transformability - both materials showed excellent mechanical properties as well as a negligible sensitivity to ageing, thus demonstrating their high potential for new reliable and safe devices for structural biomedical applications.
Studies and Research on the Influence of Carbon and Chromium Content Aimed at Obtaining Superior Mechanical Characteristics of 16CD4 Steel Used in the Automobile Industry
Authors: Stoian Elena Valentina , Enescu Maria Cristiana , Petre Ivona , Fluieraru Petre Cristian , Negrea Alexis
Published: August 2017

Long steel products type 16CD4 used in car industry must meet high quality conditions regarding chemical composition, surface quality, macro-structural, microstructural and mechanical characteristics. The paper presents the correlations between mechanical characteristics and the main alloying elements of 16CD4 steel; this will give varying characteristics Rm, A5 and KCU, in correlation with the various proportions of chrome, molybdenum and carbon contained by steel. This steel brand is part of the chosen alloy steels, presenting plastic deformation resistance in conditions of high temperature. See that it is not necessary maximum carbon content for the mechanical characteristics have maximum values. The material studied was 16CD4 steel (17MoCr11), developed in EBT and treated steel to LF. Mechanical properties dependent of the content of carbon, chromium and molybdenum have been analyzed in this paper, using a mathematical model. Model verification was conducted by test Fischer and the results indicate that there are strong correlations between the mechanical properties and the percentage of carbon, chromium and molybdenum.
Investigations of Thin Films Obtained by Plasma Jet Method on a Stainless Steel Used in Turbine Blades Construction
Authors: Tugui Catalin Andrei , Vizureanu Petrică , Perju Manuela Cristina , Nejneru Carmen , Istrate Bogdan , Savin Adriana
Published: August 2017

A series of alloys of iron, chromium and nickel are usually used in the construction of hydraulic turbines for producing electricity. This paper study GX3CrNi13-4, a martensitic stainless steel, as base material, and the powder type Metco 71 Ns (based on tungsten carbide cobalt) as material deposition. The material properties can be enhanced by deposition of metal layers of special materials by means of the plasma jet method [1,2]. The microstructures of thin films deposited were analyzed in Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The deposited layer was subjected to microhardness and roughness tests.
Formability Analysis of Fukui Stretch-Drawing and Square Cup Drawing Using Strain and Stress Based Forming Limit Curves
Authors: Panich Sansot , Seemuang Nopparat , Chaimongkon Taratip
Published: August 2017

In this work, the experimental and numerical analyses of Forming Limit Curve (FLC) and Forming Limit Stress Curve (FLSC) for Advanced High Strength Steel (AHSS) sheet, grade JAC780Y, are performed. Initially, the FLC is experimentally determined by means of the Nakazima Stretch forming test. Subsequently, the FLSC of investigated steel was plastically calculated using the experimental FLC data. Different yield criteria including Hill48, and Yld89, are applied to describe plastic flow behavior of the AHS steel and Swift hardening law is taken into account. Hereby, influences of the constitutive yield models on the numerically determined FLSCs are evaluated regarding to those results from the experimental data. The obtained stress based forming limits are affected significantly by the yield criteria. Finally, the experimental and numerical formability analyses of Fukui stretch-drawing and square cup drawing tests are studied through FLC and FLSCs. It is observed that all stress based curves can be used very well to describe material formability of the examined steel compared to the strain based FLC. The strain based FLC depend on forming history and strain paths change. In the other hand, the stress based FLC do not depend on these issue. In this study, it can be concluded that the FLSCs could predict failure more realistically and better than the strain based FLC.
Bending Limit Curves in Sheet Metal Bending Evaluation
Authors: Panich Sansot
Published: August 2017

Bending and hemming process are used in automotive industries for assembling the car body panel.The main failure mechanism under bending loads is the intercrystalline fracture. This is due to the fact that the Forming Limit Curve (FLC) describes first occurrence of membrane instability and no material failure in consequence of an intercrystalline fracture at bending.The FLC fails to predict the formability in hemming processes since difference in failure mechanism. A new failure criterion, the so-called Bending Limit Curve (BLC) has been developed. In this work, the left hand side BLCs are experimentally determined for Advanced High Strength Steel grade DP1000, Stainless Steel grade SUS430 and Deep Drawing Steel grade SPCC having a thickness of 1.0 mm. The influence of various bending radii and level of pre-strain on the bending strains are investigated and discussed by using the Three Point Bending Test. Bendability of investigated materials are evaluated by using optical strain measurement system GOM-Aramis to determine maximal achievable bending strain on the specimens. The developed left hand side BLCs were found to be higher level than conventional FLCs. The bigger bending radius established lower bending limit strain. The higher bending strain was obtained from the higher pre strain level.
Stress Measurement in Carbon Steel by Magnetic Barkhausen Noise Technique
Authors: Noipitak Mai
Published: August 2017

The Magnetic Barkhausen Noise (MBN) technique can evaluate the residual stresses in carbon steel and provide information about the relationship between residual stress level and MBN signal. This research work is based on the analysis of MBN signals obtained from carbon steel samples. ASTM A36 and A516 carbon steel were used to vary the residual stress by heat treatment process with 5 conditions: annealing, normalizing, quenching in oil, quenching in water and quenching in salt water. The microstructure and hardness of samples also were varied by these heat treatment processes. Twelve samples (including base materials) were cut to analyze the microstructure and hardness by the microscope and hardness testing machine. Reference materials from each condition were established to represent the MBN signals. The MBN technique was used to evaluate the residual stresses from heat treatment process on each reference material. Then each sample was prepared to tensile specimen. All specimens were applied static tension load below yield point. The load was increased at 25 N/mm2 (MPa) in increment. Each tensile stress level was measurement by MBN technique at 0 and 90 degree of direction of tension axis. The experimental results found that the MBN signal amplitude changed as the condition of heat treatment changed and the relationship between tensile stress and MBN signal showed linear correlation. This research is useful to understand and guide for establishing the reference materials for residual stress measurement by MBN technique.
Effect of Calcium Carbonate on Crystallization Behavior and Morphology of Poly(3-Hydroxybutyrate-co-3-Hydroxyvalerate)
Authors: Duangphet Sitthi , Szegda Damian , Tarverdi Karnik , Song Jim
Published: August 2017

The effects of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) concentration on crystallization behaviors and morphology of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV) were investigated. Composites of PHBV with CaCO3 were prepared with filler loadings of low (5%wt) and high concentration (20%wt) and these were subsequently compared to unloaded PHBV. The morphologies of PHBV composites on the freeze-fractured specimens were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The SEM images revealed that increasing concentration of CaCO3 resulted in agglomeration. This agglomeration might affect crystal growth rate and mechanism. The crystal growth behavior of melt-crystallized PHBV with different amounts of CaCO3 was studied by polarized optical microscopy (POM), while the crystal structure was examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The rate of crystal growth determined from POM at selected crystallization temperatures revealed that the addition of a small amount of CaCO3 accelerated crystal growth rate, whereas excess amount of CaCO3 had the opposite effect. The POM images were also used to illustrate the change of crystal growth process presence of CaCO3. The unloaded PHBV clearly showed nucleation and growth mechanism, while PHBV composites displayed nucleation and then combination of crystals during the growth process. However, CaCO3 did not affect the crystal structureof any PHBV composite as observed by XRD. Molecular weight determination via gel permeation chromatography (GPC) indicated that there was no significant difference among PHBV composites.
The Smart Blending for Multilayer Structure of PLA/EVOH
Authors: Pongmuksuwan Pornlada , Kitisatorn Wanlop
Published: August 2017

The concept of smart blender to form a multilayer structure of PLA/EVOH has been developed. Unlike conventional mixing, smart blending provides a formation of multilayer structure by dictating the motion of stir rod to agitate melts. The PLA and EVOH are supplied separately by a single-screw extruder. An experimental rig is assembled at the end of a co-extruder, and melt from an extruder entered an experimental rig via a cylindrical port. The molten EVOH is recursively stretched and folded in an experimental rig of PLA major phase to give an alternating layer structure. The rod is rotated by variable speed motor that is independently controllable. The rod rotational speed and volumetric flow rates of EVOH and PLA are of our interest. Careful design of stir rod in smart blending is necessary for effective performance. The computational model provided the visualization of flow profile inside an experimental rig. The simulation determined the geometry of the stir rod required to achieve the spiral flow developed of the melt. The experimental results suggest that the injected streams of EVOH are stretched and folded to multiple and distributed layers ranging thickness from 10 to 200 um. The characteristic folding of EVOH melt depends on the volumetric flow rate of the screw extruder and rod rotational speed. However, the coalescence of EVOH layers is observed for high rod rotational speed.
Effect of Synthesized Ag Nanoparticles by Using the Different Amounts of Polyvinylpyrrolidone for Ag-Natural Rubber Hybrid Sheets and their Antibacterial Properties
Authors: Prasanseang Warot , Sriwong Chaval , Choojun Kittisak
Published: August 2017

Ag-natural rubber (Ag-NR) hybrid sheets were successfully prepared with a very simple and low cost method. In this method, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were firstly synthesized by a rapid and green microwave-assisted using polyvinylpyrroridone (PVP) media. The effect of PVP weight ratios towards the size of AgNPs was also investigated. Then, Ag-NR hybrid sheet samples were prepared by latex mixing-casting method using concentrated natural rubber (NR) latex with the synthesized AgNPs colloids. The characteristic absorption, particles sizes and shapes of the obtained AgNPs were examined through UV-vis, TEM and SAED. Also, the prepared Ag-NR sheet samples were characterized using XRD, FT-IR, SEM and EDS techniques. It was found that the particles sizes of all the synthesized AgNPs had spherical-like shape, and the mean sizes were increased from 29.7 to 90.4 nm upon increasing PVP contents. EDS results showed the AgNPs were well-dispersed and impregnated into the rubber matrix. Moreover, the antibacterial properties of the prepared Ag-NR sheets were tested by agar disk-diffusion method with Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria as Staphylococcus aureus(S. aureus) and Escherichia coli(E. coli), respectively. The results showed that the hybrid sheets exhibited excellent antibacterial properties against these bacteria, in which the zones of inhibition were also dependent on the synthesized AgNPs by utilizing the different amounts of PVP.
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Wood Plastic Composites from Teak Wood Sawdust and High Density Polyethylene (HDPE)
Authors: Bootkul Duangkhae , Butkul Thammanun , Intarasiri Sawet
Published: August 2017

Sawdust is a waste from furnitureindustry which is mostly left in the garbage or burn for landfill in hugequantities every year. Efforts to find utilization of this material haveresulted mostly in low value. However, sawdust waste can be considered as analternative to fabricate fiber reinforced polymer composites for furniturefunction. This study was undertaken to determine the physical and mechanicalproperties of wood plastic composites, which were made under laboratoryconditions by hot pressing of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) with teakwoodsawdust as filler. Seven levels of mixed flour, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70%,based on the composition by weight was added to the HDPE powder with palm oilas coupling agent. A flat pressing technology, the simplest method for capableof large dimension wood plastic panel production, was used to manufacturetesting specimens in dimensions 5.8 x 7.3 cm2. Investigation of themechanical property of the composites material, according to the Americansociety for testing and materials (ASTM) method, was done by impact strengthtester. The measurement results were found that impact strength was decreased uponthe increasing of the sawdust up to 30 % mixing then gradually increased. However,by increasing mixed flour content, water resistance of the panels wasnegatively influenced. The best appearance of composites material in comparisonwith the natural woods was ~30% sawdust powder mixing. The woodplastic panels were utilized for construction of a Thai spirithouse as an outdoor decoration.
Development of Water Assisted Solid State Reaction for the Ceramic Materials
Authors: Toda Kenji , Kim Sun Woog , Hasegawa Takuya , Watanabe Mizuki , Kaneko Tatsuro , Toda Ayano , Yamanashi Ryota , Kumagai Shota , Muto Masaru , Itadani Atsushi , Sato Mineo , Uematsu Kazuyoshi , Ishigaki Tadashi , Koide Junko , Toda Masako , Kawakami Emiko , Kudo Yoshiaki , Masaki Takaki , Yoon Dae Ho
Published: August 2017

We report a novel soft chemical synthesis method, water assisted solid state reaction (WASSR) method. This method is very simple and can synthesize many ceramic materials just by storing or mixing raw materials added a small amount of water in a reactor at low temperature below 373 K. For example, well-crystalline SrMoO4 was obtained using the WASSR method.
Modification of Microstructure and Tensile Property of Sintered Fe-Cr-Mo-C Steel by Nickel Addition
Authors: Tosangthum Nattaya , Morakotjinda Monnapas , Krataitong Rungtip , Wila Pongsak , Yodkaew Thanyaporn , Tongsri Ruangdaj
Published: August 2017

Nickel is one of the alloying elements promoting the formation of acicular ferrite at the expense of proeutectoid ferrite. The Ni addition reduces the steady-state nucleation rates of grain boundary ferrite allotriomorph in Fe-C-Ni alloys. Due to such reasons, Ni was added to modify the microstructure of the sintered steel, investigated in this study, with the aim of improved mechanical properties. The sintered steel, produced from pre-alloyed Fe-Cr-Mo powder mixed with 0.3 wt.% C, was modified by Ni addition and cooling rate. The alloy compositional change was performed additions of varied Ni contents of 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 and 3.0 wt.%. The material processing variables were investigated by using two different cooling rates of 0.1 and 5.4 °Cs-1. Under the cooling rate of 0.1 °Cs-1, the sintered Fe-Cr-Mo-3C steel without Ni addition showed dual-phase microstructure consisting of ferrite (soft phase) and bainite (hard structure). With Ni additions, the dual-phase microstructure was replaced by bainitic structure. Microstructural heterogeneity was observed due to the presence of Ni-rich areas, which increased with increasing added Ni contents. Under the cooling rate of 5.4 °Cs-1, the sintered Fe-Cr-Mo-3C steels with and without Ni additions showed bainitic structure. Microstructural heterogeneity was similar to that of slowly cooled steel. Ni additions not only modified the sintered steel microstructure but increased tensile strength and elongation. In general, Ni pushes the C-curve of pearlite transformation to the right hand side and lowers the martensite start temperature. The absence of ferrite from the sintered steel with only 1 wt.% Ni addition and slowly cooled at 0.1 °Cs-1 suggests that Ni strongly suppresses the austenite → ferrite transformation. In another word, Ni promotes bainite formation in the sintered Fe-Cr-Mo-Ni-C steels.
The Study of Crystallization of Polyfluorene and Fullerene Derivatives in Semiconducting Layer of Organic Solar Cells
Authors: Koetniyom Wantana , Keawprajak Anusit , Jiramitmongkon Kanpitcha , Asawapirom Udom
Published: August 2017

This research was focused on the effect of solid crystallization additive namely 1,4-dichlorobenzene (PDCB) in the 1:2 (w/w) active layer of benzothiadiazole/thiophene-based copolymers (PFTBzTT) to [6,6]-phenyl-C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) on the morphology and performance of bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic solar cells. The active layer was deposited by spin-coating with chloroform solutions by different PDCB additive concentrations from 0-52 mg/ml. The inclusion of additive into the polymer solution was able to improve the performance of BHJ solar cells. The maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 0.84% achieved for a cell with PDCB concentration of 36 mg/ml after annealing at 180 °C for 20 min. The XRD and TEM techniques used to analyse the crystal structure and morphology of the thin films. From these results were found that PDCB additive presented higher level of PCBM crystal structure by more aggregation of PCBM and a larger extent of phase separation than those of the films without additive. The AFM results demonstrated that the optimum PDCB concentration and annealing process helped PCBM aggregated into micron sized crystal rods.
Effects of Buffer Layer Growth Temperature on Micro-Structures in the Cubic GaN Films Grown on GaAs (001) Substrates by MOVPE
Authors: Wanarattikan Pornsiri , Sumnavadee Surang , Sanorpim Sakuntam , Onabe Kentaro
Published: August 2017

c-GaN films on GaAs (001) substrates were investigated using TEM to verify effects of buffer layer growth temperature on micro-structures. Growth temperature of the GaN buffer layer was varied in a range of 550 to 600°C and GaN film was grown at high temperature (∼900°C). For GaN buffer layer at 550°C, the plan-view TEM micrographs of c-GaN films show high density of stacking faults (SFs) and dislocations. At the GaN/GaAs interface, the electron diffraction (ED) pattern demonstrated different type of single diffraction spots which include the high intensity of streaking. This results indicated that the high density of SFs become dense into hexagonal phase single crystal. For 575°C GaN buffer layer, the wide SFs are observed that these broad lines are not expanding to the GaN surface and the dislocations are less found than the other temperature. Moreover, cross-sectional TEM micrographs and the ED pattern at interface show pyramid like structure and less intensity of the steak lines, respectively. There are no diffraction spots related to hexagonal structure. For 600°C GaN buffer layer, there are the steaking of diffraction spots which represent hexagonal phase inclusions at interface. V-shape voids defects are penetrating in the GaAs surface which were caused the thermal decomposition of As. Our results indicated that, the high quality of GaN film with cubic phase purity grown on GaAs (001) are achieved from the optimum growth temperature GaN buffer layer of 575°C.
Effects of Aluminum Concentrations on Microstructure and Compressive Strength of Porous Concrete
Authors: Jongprateep Oratai , Jaroonvechatam Napamas , Stienkijumpai Supicha , Kaewsuwan Sicha , Meesak Thanawat
Published: August 2017

High porosity in porous concretes contributes to benefits in terms of lightweight, high water permeability, and superior insulation properties in the concretes. Nevertheless, excessive porosity can lead to diminished compressive strength. This study, therefore, aimed at fabricating porous concretes with porosity and compressive strength in the range suitable for practical applications. Since addition of aluminium powder is a well-known technique for porosity production, this study also assessed effects of aluminium addition on properties of porous concretes. Relationships among concentrations of aluminium, porosity, and compressive strength of the specimens were examined. Microstructural analysis from scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and compressive strength testing according to ASTM C109 revealed that the specimens with 0.15 wt% Al demonstrated porosity and compressive strength were in an acceptable range. Additionally, porosity production and specimen strengthening were discussed with respect to chemical compositions.
The Effect of Thermoforming on Tear Strength of Ethylene Vinyl Acetate Mouthguard Material in Various Thicknesses
Authors: Srinuan Phakphum , Baiyokvichit Jeerapatr O. , Boonpeng Rasana , Wongwisatekit Tanapol , Pattanasukwasan Pacharaporn , Karnjanangulpan Irada
Published: August 2017

The effect of thermoforming on the tear strength of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) mouthguard material (Bioplast®) has not been widely investigated. The present study compared the tear strengths of non-processed and processed EVA specimens in various thicknesses. Two groups of EVA sheet (non-processed and processed) in three different thicknesses of 3, 4 and 5 mm were used in specimen fabrication. The processed EVA sheets were achieved by forming the EVA sheet on the cylindrical stone model with the pressure-molding device (Biostar®). Twelve of tear strength specimens of non-processed and processed group in each thickness were prepared following the modified ASTM D 624-00 guideline. The tear strength test was conducted using universal testing machine (Lloyd® 1K series) with the speed of 500 mm/min. The mean thickness and tear strength of the non-processed and processed specimens in each thickness were compared using independent T-test. The differences in the mean tear strength for each thickness of non-processed and process specimens were determined using one-way ANOVA. The mean tear strength and mean thickness of processed EVA specimens was significantly lower than the non-processed EVA specimens for every thickness (P ≤ 0.05). There was no significant difference in the mean tear strength of EVA specimens among each thickness in both non-processed and processed groups. It can be concluded that the thermoforming process has the significant effect on the tear strength of the EVA mouthguard material formed by pressure molding device in every thicknesses. The tear strength of processed specimens were significant lower than the non-processed. Thus, it is more relevant for testing properties of the processed mouthguard material that the mouthguard material before processing.
Modified Soil Compositions for Removal of Acetaminophen from Wastewater
Authors: Koottatep Thammarat , Chapagain Saroj  Kumar , Nhat Phong Vo Vo Hoang , Panuvatvanich Atitaya , Polprasert Chongrak , Iamchaturapatr Janjit
Published: August 2017

ACT is a widely used prescriptive drug for analgesic treatment. Due to incomplete conversion of ACT in the body, a significant portion of it is released with human excreta. Most wastewater treatment plants lack the efficiency to treat influent containing ACT residues. As a result, risk of surface and groundwater contamination has been increased. Constructed wetlands (CWs) are one of the widely used natural wastewater treatment technologies, employing soil-plant interactions in treating pollutants through a number of reactions such as plant uptake, ion adsorption and advanced Fenton reaction. In addition, the wetland plants are well-known to generate H2O2 in the surrounding rhizosphere for advanced oxidation process. In this study, the potential of laterite soil in initiating Fenton reactions by its abundant composition of iron (Fe) and its modified structure with activated carbon, cement and crushed shellfish (modified soil) were evaluated for ACT treatment. The induced H2O2 soil environment in the constructed wetland units could remove almost 80% of the ACT present initially. The results showed good occurrence of Fenton process on both natural laterite soil and modified media bed (cement: laterite soil fine: 50% laterite soil coarse: 50% activated carbon).