bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
"Krieg und Frieden in den Praktiken der Konfliktführung um 1370 und der "Friede von Stralsund"
Authors: Höhn Philipp
Published: October 2024

Dieser Aufsatz untersucht die Verhandlungen von Stralsund im Jahr 1370 im Kontext der zeitgenössischen Praktikender Konfliktführung im Baltikum und in Europa.
Autonomie von Hansestädten
Authors: Schmalfuß Jana
Published: October 2024

Städtische Autonomie war der Eckpfeiler der Hanse.
Functional characteristics and molecular structural modification of plant proteins. Review
Authors: Kolpakova V. V. , Byzov V. A.
Published: October 2024

Protein preparations from plant raw materials are widely used in the food industry as improvers, replacers or enrichers for products. However, their functional properties, as a rule, are less pronounced than those of proteins of animal origin. The aim of the review is to analyze and summarize the results of investigations dedicated to studying and characterizing the main functional properties of plant proteins (hydration, solubility, water binding capacity, fat binding capacity and gel-forming capacity, stability of emulsions, foams, rheological properties, texturization) and their modification. The objects of the research were scientific publications, most of which were published in 2017–2024. Functional properties of proteins were characterized; their dependence on the nature and variety of crop, methods of extraction, technological factors of processing and methods of modification was revealed. The search and selection of papers were carried out in the bibliographic databases eLIBRARY.RU, RSCI, Google Scholar, Scopus, Web of Science, Elsevier, and PubMed. Data analysis was performed with their systematization, generalization, intermediate conclusions and general conclusion. The special attention was paid to chemical, physical, physico-chemical and enzymatic methods for modification of protein properties, their advantages and disadvantages, as well as the interrelation of structural and physico-chemical features of proteins with their functional properties. The main regularities were revealed for an effect of modification methods on the secondary and tertiary structures of proteins, surface hydrophobicity, the ratio from fractions, aggregation, denaturation and biological activity obtained by the modern methods of investigations (IR‑spectroscopy, fluorescent microscopy, SDS-PAGE, circular dichroism, spectrophotometry and so on). It has been concluded that it is necessary to carry out further investigations aimed to studying interrelation of molecular structural features of proteins with indicators of functionality and regularities of their behavior in food systems due to an increase in the production of protein preparations from alternative raw materials (pea, chickpea, sunflower, kidney bean, rice and others). Based on the revealed and newly obtained theoretical information, the targeted modification and regulation of properties of protein ingredients for production of high-quality foods are possible.
Technological aspects of managing the structural and mechanical properties of wheat bread crumb
Authors: Chernykh V. Ya. , Alekseenko E. V. , Smetanin D. O. , Baluyan Kh. A. , Pechnikova Yu. Yu.
Published: October 2024

This work is dedicated to the study of the structural-mechanical properties of wheat bread crumb 12 hours after baking and then every 24 hours during 108 hours of storage. The basis of this investigation was the study of the starch retrogradation process, which is a transfer of the amorphous structure of starch grains into the crystalline state, which predetermines an increase in the values of the hardness parameters and hardness index. The aim of the work was investigation of an effect of the state of carbohydrate-amylase and protein-proteinase complex of wheat flour by introduction of wheat malt and dry gluten on the structural-mechanical properties of crumb of bakery products and their staling rate during storage. In this study, the authors used baker’s wheat flour of the highest grade, wheat malt, dry gluten, bread from baker’s wheat flour of the highest grade that was made using the straight dough method by the experimental laboratory baking. The authors established an effect of dosing wheat malt and dry wheat gluten on changes in the water absorption of wheat dough in the process of mixing, on its rheological properties, on the structural-mechanical properties of crumb of wheat bread made by the experimental laboratory baking as well as on the rate of its staling during storage. The optimal dosage of wheat malt was 5%, which ensured the falling number equal to 235 s. The dose of dry gluten of 3% ensured the total gluten content in dough of 31.3%, dough moisture of 43.1% and dough consistency equal to 640 FU. Simultaneous introduction of wheat malt and dry wheat gluten ensured a decrease in the hardness index of wheat bread crumb by 55% and the rate of its staling by 3.3 times.
Development of gluten-free pasta with chickpeas as a wheat flour substitute and fortified with carob, beetroot, and spinach
Authors: Smuda S. S. , Mohamed R. M. , Abedelmaksoud T. G.
Published: October 2024

The study aimed to develop pasta dough using chickpeas as a substitute for wheat flour and fortified with carob, beetroot, and spinach. Three formulations of gluten-free pasta were prepared: F1 (chickpea flour 97% + carob powder 2% + CMC1%), F2 (chickpea flour 87% + carob powder 2% + beetroot powder 10% + CMC1%) and F3 (chickpea flour 87% + carob powder 2% + spinach powder 10% + CMC1%). Physical, chemical, rheological, and sensory characteristics of chickpea pasta were evaluated and compared to semolina flour (CS) as a control. In comparison with conventional wheat pasta, chickpea pasta has a higher content of protein, fiber, and polyphenolic compounds. The results indicated that the incorporation of chickpea as a main ingredient significantly increased the content of protein in the formulations of gluten-free pasta (17.50, 15.05 and 14.88% in F1, F3, and F2, respectively) compared to CS (12.10%). A similar trend was observed for the fiber content (0.45, 1.89, 2.16, and 2.29 in CS, F1, F2, and F3, respectively) and polyphenolic compounds (109.14, 112.14, 141.89, and 178.96 in CS, F1, F2, and F3, respectively). Chickpea pasta demonstrated strong acceptance across all sensory criteria, including texture, odor, shape, and taste. Therefore, this study suggests that chickpeas can serve as an effective substitute for wheat, thereby increasing the availability of healthy options for everyone, particularly for those with celiac disease, obesity, or diabetes.
Microplastics: Features of appearance, identification methods (subject review)
Authors: Myalenko D. M.
Published: October 2024

Polymer packaging materials have become firmly embedded in our way of life. They are used in the manufacture of household items, as well as in the pharmaceutical, chemical, and automotive industries. Production and application of polymer packaging are expanding rapidly encompassing various spheres of the industry. According to Plastics Europe Market Research Group (PEMRG), global plastics production reached 348 million tons in 2017 and is likely to reach 33 billion tons by 2050. At the same time, about 26 million tons of plastic waste are generated annually on the territory of the European Union (EU), of which only 30% is collected for recycling. Despite this, in many countries of the world, including Russia, more than 50% of polymer materials are disposed of at landfills, where under the influence of external environmental factors (temperature, humidity), their destruction occurs with the formation of huge quantities of micro- and nanoplastics. Most people do not consider the environmental problems associated with microplastics to be serious. However, many studies aimed at in-depth study of this problem have proved that micro- and nanoplastics have significant negative effects on terrestrial and marine animals, as well as on human health, whether directly or indirectly. The identification of microplastics in various model environments and living systems is usually based on the use of infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectrophotometry. Each of the methods has its advantages and disadvantages, mainly related to sample preparation to improve the accuracy of identification. This review is devoted to the problem of formation and identification of microplastics in various natural objects.
Allergy to aquatic biological resources as food
Authors: Tsarin S. A. , Stolyarchuk N. M. , Kuznetsov A. V.
Published: October 2024

The review reveals the problem of allergies to fish and other highly allergenic foods. First of all, the products obtained from aquatic organisms are considered. The world production of fish of various species is discussed with the presentation of FAO statistics for recent years in this article. The role of aquaculture in the production of fish, shellfish and crustaceans is considered. In particular, the trends of fishing in the Black Sea and the growth of aquaculture production in Russia are analyzed. Generalized data indicate an increase in the importance of aquatic biological resources (ABR) in a balanced human diet. The study demonstrates the role of parvalbumin in the mechanism of development of allergies to products from ABR. Examples of other allergenic proteins that contain epitopes that trigger allergic reactions in the human body are given. The mechanism of these reactions is briefly described. Attention is drawn to cross-allergic reactions. Anthropogenic factors that can exacerbate allergies to fish products are discussed. These are pesticides, herbicides, antibiotics, detergent components, changes in chemical composition, and food storage conditions. Pseudoallergens with the ability to cause allergic reactions are also mentioned. Allergy symptoms can range from skin rashes and itching to respiratory problems and anaphylaxis. Treatment of fish allergy is similar to treatment for allergies to other foods. It includes the use of antihistamines, corticosteroids and sorbents. Heredity plays a major role in the development of allergic reactions. It is important to pay attention to the purity and quality of products, cooking methods, and also follow a diet. Due to the potentially higher cumulative toxicity of freshwater species, it is recommended that marine fish be preferred.
Lactobacilli as additional cultures in cheese making
Authors: Sorokina N. P. , Kucherenko I. V. , Bruckaya A. L.
Published: October 2024

Production of cheeses from thermally processed milk at an industrial scale is impossible without using commercial bacterial starter cultures that include a limited number of species and strains of microorganisms. This leads to the fact that sensory indicators of mass-produced cheeses practically do not differ. Traditional cheeses from unpasteurized milk are distinguished by more pronounced and diverse tastes. Scientific literature describes the significant taxonomic variety of microbiota of traditional cheeses, including non-starter lactobacilli. Sensory indicators and safety of cheeses directly depend on the composition of this microbiota. This study examines the main moments of the taxonomic reform of lactobacilli, which resulted in union of two families Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae, and division of the genus Lactobacillus into 25 genera. New description of the family and several species of lactobacilli used in starter cultures is given. The authors demonstrate the complex autochthonous microbiota of cheeses and a possibility of stabilization of fermentation upon cheese making from raw milk and improvement of their quality without losing individuality due to the introduction of selected autochthonous additional cultures. When cheeses are made from pasteurized milk, these cultures improve sensory characteristics of a product and impart the original flavor to them. Several studies show that probiotic bacteria intensively develop and maintain viability for a long time even in long-ripened cheeses. Such cheeses can be carriers of live probiotics and their metabolites that are beneficial for the consumer health. This review summarizes information about promising directions of extension of the species spectrum of additional cultures for creation of domestic starter cultures for cheese making. Taking into consideration that microbiology of cheese making is quite a wide field that is not fully studied, the review does not claim to be the comprehensive analysis of all existing approaches.
Utilization of artichoke (Cynara scolymus L.) by-products for enhancing nutritional value and phytochemical content of cookies
Authors: Ammar A. S.M. , Riyad Y. M. , Ebrahiem A. A.A.
Published: October 2024

This study was conducted to make functional cookies using powdered artichoke stems and bracts, which are rich in phytochemicals. The chemical composition and phytochemicals in wheat flour, artichoke bract powder, artichoke stem powder and the produced cookies were determined. Physical properties, color and sensory characteristics were determined in wheat flour cookies, artichoke bract powder cookies and artichoke stem powder cookies. The results showed that artichoke bract powder cookies (15%) contained the highest levels of ash and protein being 2.07% and 9.65%, respectively. The cookies with powdered artichoke stems (15%) had the greatest overall lipid content (14.65%). Furthermore, the highest total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were found in artichoke by-products (stems and bracts). The panelists approved of up to 15% artichoke by-product powder added to wheat flour. It can be seen from the results that the artichoke by-products are a good source of phytochemicals, minerals, total protein and total lipids, which improves the quality of cookies. Therefore, it can be concluded that using artichoke by-products up to 15% enhanced the antioxidant properties and nutritional value of the baked cookies.
Colorimetric method for estimating the intensity of heat load during milk pasteurization
Authors: Topnikova E. V. , Myagkonosov D. S. , Abramov D. V. , Kashnikova O. G.
Published: October 2024

The authors proposed a method for determining the intensity of heat load during milk pasteurization based on the transformation of the products of the initial stage of the Maillard reaction (lactosylated amino acids) contained in milk into intensely colored products of the final stage of the Maillard reaction (melanodes). The color intensity of products is measured by the colorimetric method. To carry out the analysis, a casein preparation purified from free lactose is made from milk, dried and crushed into particles with a size of 500–800 microns. The casein preparation is kept at 100°C for 5 hours to form melanoids. The color intensity of casein preparations is measured on the CIE L* a* b* color scale and the criterion of total color difference ΔE is calculated by the value of the L* a* b* color criteria before and after heat treatment of casein preparations. The conducted studies of pasteurized milk samples confirmed the physical nature of the coloration of casein powders, consisting in the presence of melanoids in them, the content of which was proportional to the intensity of pasteurization of milk sample.
The history of the breeding of Clematis (Clematis L.) in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden, NAS of Ukraine
Authors: Makovskyi V. V.
Published: October 2024

Purpose. Investigate the history of Clematis breeding in the M. M. Gryshko National Botanical Garden (NBG), NAS of Ukraine, determine the main directions of hybrid Clematis breeding work. Results. It was established that the result of more than 16 years of breeding Clematis in the NBG was the selection of the 61 perspective hybrid, 42 of which, the most perspective, were assigned names. Of these, large­flowered varieties are the most numerous according to the distribution of variety groups in the current Royal Horticultural Society of Great Britain classification. In particular, Late Large­flowered account for about 40% of the total and Early Large­flowered for about 29%. Small­flowered hybrids make up the smaller part, of which about 26% belong to the Viticella group and one hybrid (‘Sputnik’) to the Integrifolia. The known directions of distribution of hybrid Сlematis of the NBG breeding indicate the possibility of their successful cultivation both in continental and maritime areas with a high level of humidity in the temperate zone and in the dry Mediterranean climate of the subtropical climate zone, which reveals their significant adaptive potential. Conclusions. Obtaining varieties of hybrid Clematis of domestic breeding is important for the implementation of sustainable horticulture practices on the territory of Ukraine, since a significant part of the modern introduced assortment of Clematis raises doubts about their adaptability to the local climate, and requires additional research into their adaptive potential. A successful combination in vertical landscaping of NBG­bred Clematis belonging to different varietal groups can ensure continuous flowering from May to the end of the season. These unique characteristics of Clematis ensure the creation of not only environmentally sustainable, but also visually appealing spaces that will contribute to the overall health and beauty of the urban environment.
Az öngondoskodás szerepe a hazai nyugdíjrendszer fenntarthatóságában
Authors: Bencsik Győző , Pataki László
Published: October 2024

Nyugdíjrendszerek áttekintését tűztük ki célul, elsődlegesen Ma-gyarországon és néhány európai országban megvizsgálva azért, hogy be-mutassuk mennyire fontos lenne az, hogy Magyarországon további lépéseket eszközöljön az állam és egyben a lakosság is a jobb minőségű idősebb életkor megélése érdekében. Fontos tény, hogy a pénzügyi döntéseinket heuriszt-ikák, kognitív torzítások nagymértékben befolyásolják és ezek meghatározó jelentőséggel bírnak az öngondoskodás szempontjából is. A nyugdíjak esetleges csökkenése közvetlenül hat a mindenkori állami költségvetés ki-adásaira, de közvetett módon a költségvetési bevételeket is befolyásolja. Kiemelt stratégiai cél, hogy újabb eszközökkel ösztönözzük a lakosságot arra, hogy növelje öngondoskodását a jövőben, ezzel felkészülve az időskori élet magasabb színvonalú megélésére, s támogatva az adott állam működési biztonságát is. Végezetül pedig egy konkrét programot mutatunk be nyugdíj-megtakarítást tekintve, ötvözve kognitív pszichológiai kérdésekkel – SAVE MORE Tomorrow címmel.
Life cycle sustainability assessments of critical civil infrastructure systems: additional guidance for future research and practical application
Authors: Moussavi Sussan , Dvorak Bruce , Lane Kaycie
Published: October 2024

Sustainable development of critical civil infrastructure systems should include economic, environmental, and social considerations, as well as considerations that are of high value to stakeholders and decision-makers. Life cycle economic and environmental impacts of critical civil infrastructure systems are commonly quantified by well-established methodologies such as life cycle assessment and life cycle costing. However, social and other related impacts of critical civil infrastructure systems can be difficult to quantify and are therefore less commonly and thoroughly addressed. A mini-literature review was conducted to explore how sustainability is currently evaluated for critical civil infrastructure systems. The review found that, while there are life cycle assessment frameworks available, there is vague guidance available for addressing factors that are not directly related to environmental, economic, or social (i.e., difficult to quantify) impacts. In response, the authors build upon currently available methodologies by discussing a supplemental approach for collecting additional data for critical civil infrastructure systems, which includes the use of stakeholder discussions and semistructured interviews. Including a range of factors early on in life cycle sustainability assessments of critical civil infrastructure can improve study robustness and allow for further integration of decision-making factors in life cycle sustainability assessments.
Multi-stage ecological pond and reservoir system to enhance river water quality: demonstration study on Periurban River
Authors: Zeng Yuqing , Fan Haodong , Xu Jiefei , Ni Shang , Xie Yifei , Huang Yongbing
Published: October 2024

Pollution of urban rivers not only destroys the river ecology but also adversely affects the health of residents and urban landscape. In this regard, we selected a certain river in Wuhan for research. In this paper, we utilize the modified bypass multi-stage ecological pond reservoir system, set up the front parthenogenetic pond, aeration and oxygenation pond, ecological purification pond and other processes, supplemented with aeration–bacteriophage coupling, filler-type ecological floating island and other technologies to improve the water quality of the river. Results show that 4 months after the operation of the system, the rate of enhancement in water transparency reached 550%, and with a dissolved oxygen (DO) uplift rate of 322%, in addition, this system achieved 77.98, 77.78 and 74.41% removal of the ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (COD) respectively, and the effluent water quality meets the target water quality standard. The process not only has a good pollutant removal effect, low cost and other characteristics but also can enhance the river landscape and improve biodiversity. It can provide a reference for similar river pollution water quality improvement.
Comparative examination of leaching kinetics of soluble solids and effluent characteristics in different soaking processes of paddy parboiling
Authors: Lakmali Iresha , Jeganathan Yanushiya , Nadarajah Kannan
Published: October 2024

Paddy was soaked with 30% moisture, and hot water soaking (35, 40, 45, 50, 55, 60 °C) was compared to cold soaking (CS) and submerged aerated soaking (SAS) in terms of the parameters of the paddy grain and the effluent. The investigation demonstrated that hot water soaking yielded the highest total solids (TS) (1.946±0.045 g/L), total dissolved solids (TDS) (1.724±0.013 g/L), and electrical conductivity (EC) (2.651±0.039 mS/cm) values. Elevated dissolved oxygen (DO) (3.72±0.04 mg/L) was observed in the hot water soaking (60 °C) due to the reduction of soaking duration (2 h). By contrast, the SAS maintained a nearly neutral pH (7.35±0.01) and lower turbidity (510.0±1.4 NTU) level compared to the hot water soaking. The leaching rates and moisture absorption were computed using Pseudo-second-order and Peleg models, and a higher leaching rate (0.081 g/L min) was detected at 60°C. The SAS produced higher efficiency with less resource consumption by reducing effluent strength while maintaining TS in paddy grains. The new knowledge created by the comprehensive evaluation CS, SAS, and hot water soaking of paddy parboiling using leaching models and paddy hydration adds new insights to the development of efficient paddy parboiling methods.
Juventudes e participação política: construindo uma proposta “estadocrítica” libertária
Authors: Jose dos Santos Celio
Published: October 2024

A participação política é indissociável da democracia e partimos da premissa de que não existe uma sem a outra. Entretanto, nos estudos sobre juventudes, não existe um consenso em relação ao conceito de participação política, podendo variar de acordo com o entendimento de democracia dos(as) autores(as). Os(as) adeptos(as) da democracia representativa possuem a crença de que o Estado é o garantidor da participação política dos sujeitos, enquanto os(as) autores(as) de tendências mais libertárias, que entendem a democracia como um projeto de autonomia, têm como base a disjunção entre Estado e democracia. Nesse sentido, o presente artigo tem como intuito fazer uma breve discussão sobre a participação política a partir dessas duas perspectivas e trazer a teoria libertária “estadocrítica” como proposta teórico-metodológica para a compreensão da participação política das juventudes, utilizando a tríade com/contra/apesar do Estado como eixo norteador.
NeuropsychopharmARCology: Shaping Neuroplasticity through Arc/ Arg3.1 Modulation
Authors: Mottarlini Francesca , Caffino Lucia , Fumagalli Fabio , Calabrese Francesca , Brivio Paola
Published: October 2024

Activity-regulated cytoskeleton-associated protein (aka activity-regulated gene Arg3.1)
belongs to the effector gene family of the immediate early genes. This family encodes effector proteins,
which act directly on cellular homeostasis and function. Arc/Arg3.1 is localized at dendritic
processes, allowing the protein local synthesis on demand, and it is considered a reliable index of activity-
dependent synaptic changes. Evidence also exists showing the critical role of Arc/Arg3.1 in
memory processes. The high sensitivity to changes in neuronal activity, its specific localization as
well as its involvement in long-term synaptic plasticity indeed make this effector gene a potential,
critical target of the action of psychotropic drugs. In this review, we focus on antipsychotic and antidepressant
drugs as well as on psychostimulants, which belong to the category of drugs of abuse but
can also be used as drugs for specific disorders of the central nervous system (i.e., Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder). It is demonstrated that psychotropic drugs with different mechanisms of action
converge on Arc/Arg3.1, providing a means whereby Arc/Arg3.1 synaptic modulation may contribute
to their therapeutic activity. The potential translational implications for different neuropsychiatric
conditions are also discussed, recognizing that the treatment of these disorders is indeed
complex and involves the simultaneous regulation of several dysfunctional mechanisms.
ENHANCED K-MEANS BY USING GREY WOLF OPTIMIZER FOR BRAIN MRI SEGMENTATION
Authors:   Presidency College, India, Pambudi Elindra Ambar , Badharudin Abid Yanuar ,   Presidency College, India, Wicaksono Agung Purwo ,   Presidency College, India
Published: October 2024

Segmentation is an essential part of the detection and classification series. The best result of brain MRI detection was followed by the best segmentation process. Supporting brain MRI detection accurately, one of the ways could be used by increasing segmentation. This paper utilizes one of the segmentation methods which is called clustering. We propose a clustering approach using K-Means. K-Means has advantages easy to understand, fast process, and guarantees convergence. But it has drawbacks which are initialization cluster center randomly, sometimes it is given good results but sometimes it is not. Therefore, this research proposes to optimize the weak side of K-Means using a grey wolf optimizer. Initialization cluster center was chosen based on fitness value. The fitness value of this paper is Sum Square Error (SSE), we purpose to minimize the SSE of the population and searching new positions depend on Gray Wolf Optimization (GWO)’s rule. The final position of GWO would be initialized by K-Means. The series of our research steps are acquisition image, grayscaling, resizing, segmentation, and analysis performance based on MSE and PSNR. The best result of the purposed method is k=17 which PSNR (16.09) and MSE (15.99). GWO K-Means were given the best outcome segmentation brain MRI based on measuring error value and PSNR.
ENTROPY BASED GREEDY UNSUPERVISED FEATURE SELECTION METHOD USING ROUGH SET THEORY FOR CLASSIFICATION
Authors:   North-Eastern Hill University, India, Bania Rubul Kumar , Sarmah Satyajit ,   Gauhati University, India
Published: October 2024

Feature selection technique attempts to select and remove irrelevant features while ensuring that an informative subset of features remains in the dataset. The performance of a classifier often depends on the feature subset used for the robust classification task. In the medical and healthcare application domain, classification accuracy plays a vital role. The higher level of false negatives in medical diagnosis systems may raise the risk of patients not employing the necessary treatment they need. In this article, we have proposed an unsupervised feature selection method that underlines the concepts of rough set theory for the task of classification of high-dimensional datasets. Experiments are carried out on seven public domain healthcare and life science related datasets. The obtained experimental results justify the significance of the proposed method over five other state-of-the-art feature selection methods.
Utilization of, Perceptions on, and Intention to Use AI Chatbots Among Medical Students in China: National Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Tao Wenjuan , Yang Jinming , Qu Xing
Published: October 2024

Background

Artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots are poised to have a profound impact on medical education. Medical students, as early adopters of technology and future health care providers, play a crucial role in shaping the future of health care. However, little is known about the utilization of, perceptions on, and intention to use AI chatbots among medical students in China.

Objective

This study aims to explore the utilization of, perceptions on, and intention to use generative AI chatbots among medical students in China, using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. By conducting a national cross-sectional survey, we sought to identify the key determinants that influence medical students’ acceptance of AI chatbots, thereby providing a basis for enhancing their integration into medical education. Understanding these factors is crucial for educators, policy makers, and technology developers to design and implement effective AI-driven educational tools that align with the needs and expectations of future health care professionals.

Methods

A web-based electronic survey questionnaire was developed and distributed via social media to medical students across the country. The UTAUT was used as a theoretical framework to design the questionnaire and analyze the data. The relationship between behavioral intention to use AI chatbots and UTAUT predictors was examined using multivariable regression.

Results

A total of 693 participants were from 57 universities covering 21 provinces or municipalities in China. Only a minority (199/693, 28.72%) reported using AI chatbots for studying, with ChatGPT (129/693, 18.61%) being the most commonly used. Most of the participants used AI chatbots for quickly obtaining medical information and knowledge (631/693, 91.05%) and increasing learning efficiency (594/693, 85.71%). Utilization behavior, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived risk, and personal innovativeness showed significant positive associations with the behavioral intention to use AI chatbots (all P values were <.05).

Conclusions

Chinese medical students hold positive perceptions toward and high intentions to use AI chatbots, but there are gaps between intention and actual adoption. This highlights the need for strategies to improve access, training, and support and provide peer usage examples to fully harness the potential benefits of chatbot technology.
eHealth Communication Intervention to Promote Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Middle-School Girls: Development and Usability Study
Authors: Kim Youlim , Lee Hyeonkyeong , Park Jeongok , Kim Yong-Chan , Kim Dong Hee , Lee Young-Me
Published: October 2024

Background

As the age of initiating sexual intercourse has gradually decreased among South Korean adolescents, earlier vaccination of adolescents for human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary before their exposure to HPV. Health communication includes “cues to action” that lead to preventive health behaviors, and recently, social networking services, which operate with fewer time and space constraints, have been used in various studies as a form of eHealth communication.

Objective

This study aims to investigate the feasibility and usability of an eHealth communication intervention for HPV vaccination in middle-school girls aimed at the girls and their mothers.

Methods

The eHealth communication intervention for HPV vaccination was developed using a 6-step intervention mapping process: needs assessments, setting program outcomes, selection of a theory-based method and practical strategies, development of the intervention, implementation plan, and testing the validity of the intervention.

Results

A review of 10 studies identified effective health communication messages, delivery methods, and theories for HPV vaccination among adolescents. Barriers including low knowledge, perceived threat, and the inconvenience of taking 2 doses of the vaccine were identified through focus groups, suggesting a need for youth-friendly and easy-to-understand information for adolescents delivered via mobile phones. The expected outcomes and the performance objectives are specifically tailored to reflect the vaccination intention. Behavior change techniques were applied using trusted sources and a health belief model. Health messages delivered through a KakaoTalk chatbot improved awareness and self-efficacy. Quality control was ensured with the use of a log system. The experts’ chatbot usability average score was 80.13 (SD 8.15) and the average score of girls was 84.06 (SD 7.61).

Conclusions

Future studies need to verify the effectiveness of health communication strategies in promoting HPV vaccination and the effectiveness of scientific intervention using a chatbot as a delivery method for the intervention.
eHealth Communication Intervention to Promote Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Among Middle-School Girls: Development and Usability Study (Preprint)
Authors: Kim Youlim , Lee Hyeonkyeong , Park Jeongok , Kim Yong-Chan , Kim Dong Hee , Lee Young-Me
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

As the age of initiating sexual intercourse has gradually decreased among South Korean adolescents, earlier vaccination of adolescents for human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary before their exposure to HPV. Health communication includes “cues to action” that lead to preventive health behaviors, and recently, social networking services, which operate with fewer time and space constraints, have been used in various studies as a form of eHealth communication.

OBJECTIVE

This study aims to investigate the feasibility and usability of an eHealth communication intervention for HPV vaccination in middle-school girls aimed at the girls and their mothers.

METHODS

The eHealth communication intervention for HPV vaccination was developed using a 6-step intervention mapping process: needs assessments, setting program outcomes, selection of a theory-based method and practical strategies, development of the intervention, implementation plan, and testing the validity of the intervention.

RESULTS

A review of 10 studies identified effective health communication messages, delivery methods, and theories for HPV vaccination among adolescents. Barriers including low knowledge, perceived threat, and the inconvenience of taking 2 doses of the vaccine were identified through focus groups, suggesting a need for youth-friendly and easy-to-understand information for adolescents delivered via mobile phones. The expected outcomes and the performance objectives are specifically tailored to reflect the vaccination intention. Behavior change techniques were applied using trusted sources and a health belief model. Health messages delivered through a KakaoTalk chatbot improved awareness and self-efficacy. Quality control was ensured with the use of a log system. The experts’ chatbot usability average score was 80.13 (SD 8.15) and the average score of girls was 84.06 (SD 7.61).

CONCLUSIONS

Future studies need to verify the effectiveness of health communication strategies in promoting HPV vaccination and the effectiveness of scientific intervention using a chatbot as a delivery method for the intervention.
Sexual Assault Report: Creation and Implementation of an Electronical Form at Geneva University Hospitals (Preprint)
Authors: Cottler-Casanova Sara , Rimondi Laurène , Lamuela Monique , Fracasso Tony , Abdulcadir Jasmine
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

During a sexual assault report, physicians gather a significant amount of information: socio-
demographic characteristics of the victims, events and documentation of injuries. However, the
literature highlights the lack of comparative information from available clinical research
studies. The World Health Organization (WHO) and Council of Europe emphasized the urgent
need for a common methodology to document sexual assaults and to strengthen care.

OBJECTIVE

We describe the methods used at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Emergency Departments
(ObGyn ED) of Geneva University Hospitals (HUG) to create a comprehensive, systematic and
reproductible digital datasheet for medico-legal sexual assault reports, with the aim of
informing the creation of a regional sexual assault patient cohort for French-speaking
Switzerland. Integrated into the patient’s electronic medical record (EMR), the ease of access
restricted to authorized staff should enhance the efficiency of the clinical workflow.

METHODS

Identification of data and variables of the electronic Sexual Assault Report (eSAR) was guided
by a retrospective study conducted between 2018 and 2021 in the Swiss University Hospitals
of Geneva and Lausanne and included 740 sexual assault reports. Standardized classifications
and clinical scales were utilized. For one year, the eSAR was revised and improved by a
multidisciplinary panel of experts, through clinical application.

RESULTS

The implementation of the eSAR ensures the collection of 100% of selected variables, monitors
data to identify finalized and not finalized records and provides full traceability of access for
security. Designed to be inclusive of gender diversity, the eSAR is replicable for Adult and
Pediatrics ED.

CONCLUSIONS

Our method for medico-legal sexual assault reporting builds a comprehensive IT guideline for
new doctors through harmonized terminologies and decreases administrative burden to finalize
reports. The eSAR provides IT assistance for the clinical and administrative management of
patients and is intended to contribute to overall efforts to improve research and health services.
The Impact of Video Games on Attention Span and Working Memory Retention in Underprivileged Adolescents: Preliminary Findings (Preprint)
Authors: Vashisht Vrinda , Navqi Hasnain
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND

Video games, especially action games, has become increasingly prevalent among adolescents, with studies indicating potential cognitive benefits, particularly on attention and working memory. However, the effects of video gaming on underprivileged teenagers remain underexplored, despite the unique cognitive challenges they face due to their level of exposure, level of cognitive abilities, and socioeconomic factors.

OBJECTIVE

The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of action video games on attention span and visual working memory retention among underprivileged adolescents. By comparing cognitive performance between those exposed to action games and those in a control group, as well as a sub-group analysis into the difference between older (16-18) and younger groups (13-15), we sought to determine if gaming could enhance cognitive functions in this population, and whether age has any significant factor to play in memory and attention scores.

METHODS

A sample of 100 adolescents aged 13-18 from the Panaah Communities Center in Maharashtra, India, was divided into control (n=50) and experimental (n=50) groups. The experimental group engaged in a 20-minute action game before completing two assessments: the Continuous Performance Test (CPT) to measure attention and the Visual Pattern Test (VPT) for visual working memory. Each day, the experimental and control groups sat for different tests to ensure reliable results. Statistical analyses were conducted to compare group performances and assess age-related differences. T-test Assuming Unequal Variance and the Mann-Whitney U Test were utilized to measure statistical significance. Cohen's d was applied to all variables to ensure real-life applicability through effect size.

RESULTS

The experimental group scored higher than the control group in both attention (CPT: M = 79.028, SD = 32.0; p = 0.034) and working memory (VPT: M = 77.019, SD = 51.5; p = 0.026), suggesting that video game exposure had a positive effect on cognitive functioning. Further analysis revealed minimal age-related differences in cognitive outcomes. High variability in responses, especially among those in the experimental group, highlighted the influence of individual baseline characteristics inherently present in the population.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings indicate that action video games can enhance attention and visual working memory in underprivileged adolescents, though individual differences must be considered. These results emphasize the potential for video games as supplementary cognitive training tools in the classroom, especially for those who have cognitive deficits or trouble learning in normal, peer-group settings.
Development of augmented reality media based on Assemblr Edu to enhance the learning outcomes
Authors: Damayanti La Shita Ardia , Putra Galih Mahardika Christian
Published: October 2024

This study focuses on the development and evaluation of augmented reality (AR) learning media based on the Assemblr Edu application, aimed at enhancing the learning experience of fifth-grade students at SDN Tambaharjo 01. The AR media covers the subject of Community Economic Conditions and Natural Resources and Supporting Factors for Community Economic Activities. The research process included designing the AR content, validating it with experts, and conducting small and large group trials. This study investigates the development and effectiveness of AR learning media based on the Assemblr Edu application to improve learning outcomes in Natural Science and Social Studies for fifth-grade students at SD Negeri Tambaharjo 01. The research employs a quantitative approach with a Research and Development (R&D) method, utilizing the ADDIE development model to create and assess the learning media. The study addresses low student performance in Natural Science and Social Studies by integrating interactive AR technology to make learning more engaging and effective.The developed AR media, which includes 3D and 2D interactive content, was validated by material and media experts, yielding a high validity score of 90.31%. Small and large group trials were conducted, showing significant improvements in student learning outcomes. Pretest and posttest results demonstrated an average score increase from 50 to 85, with a student response rate of 88.46% indicating the media's feasibility. Teachers also rated the AR media highly, with a response score of 91.34%, confirming its practical application in educational settings. The study concludes that the Assemblr Edu-based AR learning media is highly feasible and effective in enhancing student learning outcomes in Natural Science and Social Studies.
Comparative Assessment of the Incidence of Unilateral and Bilateral Lower Limb Deep Venous Thrombosis in Symptomatic and Clinically Suspected Patients
Authors: Wazzan Mohammad , Abduljabbar Ahmed , Batawil Nadia , Alharthy Ahmed , Elkhadir Awad , Alzahrani Yehya , Rani Ahmed
Published: October 2024

Objective: Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) is a familiar coagulation pathology that can be diagnosed through Doppler ultrasonography. This is a highly specific and sensitive method for the assessment of thrombosis. The present study aims to assess the incidence of lower limb DVT in a cohort of symptomatic and clinically suspected Saudi Arabian patients.
Methods: This is a retrospective study that incorporated 1051 DVT patients over three years between January 2015 and December 2017 which presented with signs and symptoms of single or bilateral disease. Data were collected on the history of oedema, swelling, pain, tenderness, weakness, hotness, redness, fever, and vomiting. Possible risk factors that may increase the probability of developing DVT were also recorded.
Results: The incidence of bilateral lower limb DVT in suspected patients was 84.5% negative and 15.5% positive. Old age was found to be the most common risk factor that resulted in DVT. The incidence of DVT is more common among females, whereas males were with all the bilateral cases.
Conclusions: Screening tests are needed for DVT in symptomatic and asymptomatic patients.
Natural Language, Legal Hurdles: Navigating the Complexities in Natural Language Processing Development and Application
Authors: Ilin Ilya , Kelli Aleksei
Published: October 2024

This article delves into the legal challenges faced in developing and deploying Natural Language Processing (NLP) technologies, focusing particularly on the European Union’s legal framework, especially the DSM Directive, the InfoSoc Directive, and the Artificial Intelligence Act. It addresses the legal status and accessibility of language data and the development of NLP technologies under both contractual and exception-based models. The authors acknowledge the partial truth in the saying, “US innovates, China replicates, and the EU regulates”. Although Europe’s AI sector is a global competitor and its strict regulations ensure ethical standards and data protection, these regulations might not necessarily boost competitiveness. Such stringent regulations can introduce complexities that may inhibit innovation relative to regions with more lenient policies.
O IMPACTO DAS QUEIMADAS NA SAÚDE DE CRIANÇAS NA CIDADE DE CASTANHEIRA - MATO GROSSO
Authors: Silva Leandro Tenório da , Rempel Claudete
Published: October 2024

O processo de queimadas de biomassa, de ordem natural ou por intermédio do homem, afeta diretamente a saúde populacional. Estudos apontam direta relação entre queimadas e busca por atendimento hospitalar para crianças. Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar a relação entre queimadas florestais e possíveis causas de doenças respiratórias em crianças de até 12 anos de idade incompletos, considerando as condições meteorológicas como variáveis de controle. Foi realizado um levantamento de dados no Pronto Atendimento Municipal - PAM onde verificou-se buscas por atendimento médico para crianças, via Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS, contribuindo para construção e fortalecimento das políticas de enfrentamento das queimadas, promovendo a saúde humana. Considerando as condições meteorológicas como variáveis de controle, fez-se a detecção dos focos de calor e condições climáticas por meio das bases de dados disponibilizadas pelo Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE e pela Organização Internacional de Meteorologia – OGIMET, para o período compreendido entre 01 de janeiro de 2020 a 31 de dezembro de 2020. Observou-se número de internações por doenças respiratórias em crianças de até 12 anos de idade incompletos, sua relação e o número de focos de queimadas ocorridos na cidade de Castanheira - MT. Os resultados apontam que as maiores taxas de comorbidades coincidem com o aumento dos focos de incêndios florestais, porém, não houve associações significativas se comparadas à diminuição da umidade relativa do ar. Portanto, é possível verificar correlação significativa entre os índices de queimadas e doenças do aparelho respiratório em crianças.
â€˜Publish or Perishâ€™ Trend: Fueling the Predatory Journals
Authors: Atreya Alok
Published: October 2024

In the past, journals were published only in the print, and the only way to access them was through the library. However, today we can easily access journals and articles with a click. There are more online journals which have made it possible and feasible for authors to submit their work.
As an editor of a journal, I am often approached by younger aspiring authors for accelerated publication of their manuscripts. The journal is biannual and undergoes double-blind peer review process which in itself is time consuming. The authors also fear the reviewerâ€™s comment about major corrections or even rejection of their article. The criteria of mandatory publication for academic promotion has compelled medical professionals to write and publish research articles. To get their articles published quick and easy, they sometimes fall prey to predatory journals. The â€˜Publish or Perishâ€™ trend should be discouraged and young researchers should be mentored and encouraged to publish in good impact journals.