bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Testing Horndeski Gravity from EHT Observational Results for Rotating Black Holes
Authors: Afrin Misba , Ghosh Sushant G.
Published: June 2022

The Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) collaboration recently unveiled the first image of the supermassive black hole M87*, which exhibited a ring of angular diameter θ

d
= 42 ± 3 μas, a circularity deviation of ΔC ≤ 0.1, and also inferred a black hole mass of M = (6.5 ± 0.7) × 109
M
⊙. This provides a new window onto tests of theories of gravity in the strong-field regime, including probes of violations of the no-hair theorem. It is widely believed that the Kerr metric describes astrophysical black holes, as encapsulated in the critical but untested no-hair theorem. Modeling Horndeski gravity black holes—with an additional hair parameter h besides the mass M and spin a of the Kerr black hole—as the supermassive black hole M87*, we observe that to be a viable astrophysical black hole candidate, the EHT result constrains the (a, h) parameter space. However, a systematic bias analysis indicates that rotating Horndeski black hole shadows may or may not capture Kerr black hole shadows, depending on the parameter values; the latter is the case over a substantial part of the constrained parameter space, allowing Horndeski gravity and general relativity to be distinguishable in the said space, and opening up the possibility of potential modifications to the Kerr metric.
Circular Polarization Observations of Type II Solar Radio Bursts and the Coronal Magnetic Field
Authors: Ramesh R. , Kathiravan C. , Chellasamy E. Ebenezer
Published: June 2022

It is well known that magnetic field strength (B) in the solar corona can be calculated using the Alfvén Mach number (M

A
) and Alfvén speed (v

A
) of the magnetohydrodynamic shock waves associated with coronal type II radio bursts. We show that observations of weak circularly polarized emission associated with the harmonic component of the type II bursts provide independent and consistent estimates of B. For the coronal type II burst observed on 2021 October 9, we obtained B ≈1.5 G and ≈1.9 G at a heliocentric distance (r) of ≈1.8 R
⊙, using the above two techniques, respectively.
A Single-Institute Cross-sectional Study of HCV-Positive Cancer Patients’ Quality of Life in Egypt
Authors: Hayek Noha , El Lawindi Mona , Sayed Hanan Ali , Sedrak Amal , El Hafeez Zeinab M. Abd. , Saad Amr Shafik
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Egypt is the country with the greatest number of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 4 infections. The latest mass screening campaign in Egypt in 2018 reported an overall HCV seroprevalence of 4.61% (95% confidence interval 4.61 to 4.62) among the 48,345,948 subjects tested. The prevalence of HCV in the cancer population is estimated to range from 1.5 to 32%. HCV per se might directly influence health-related quality of life (HRQoL), via colonization of microglia in the brain or, indirectly, via the effect of systemic inflammatory cytokines which, in turn, can trigger brain interleukin production. Thus, there is an increased interest about the effect of the dual burden of HCV in cancer patients and its impact on the patients’’ HRQoL.

AIM: The study is conducted at the outpatient chemotherapy unit of a university hospital in Egypt, over a period of 6 months to estimate their quality of life (QoL) scores according to the European Organization for Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire (EORTC QLQ)-C30 v3.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including all patients referred to the chemotherapy clinic during the study period and proven to be HCV positive. Recruited patients were asked to fill the EORTC QLQ-C30 v3 questionnaire, and data regarding their medical conditions were collected from their medical files.

RESULTS: One hundred and sixteen (8.8%) patients were HCV positive. QoL scores were statistically significantly lower from almost all reference values categories published in the EORTC manual.
Thiamine Level in Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Patients
Authors: Buranasakda Marturod , Pattanarattanamolee Ratrawee
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Thiamine deficiency is more common in critically ill patients. Administration of thiamine in cardiac arrest mice has improved survival and neurological outcomes. Evidence for thiamine deficiency in cardiac arrest humans is insufficient to support routine use of thiamine in cardiac arrest patients.

AIM: This study aimed to determine thiamine blood levels in cardiac arrest patients to understand whether the presence of thiamine deficiency is common in cardiac arrest patients.

METHODS: A prospective descriptive study from April 2017 to March 2018, on 24 adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients. We used the high-performance liquid chromatography technique to determine whole blood thiamine pyrophosphate levels in cardiac arrest patients who arrived at the emergency department within 1 h of the onset of a cardiac arrest.

RESULTS: The mean thiamine pyrophosphate level within 1 h of the onset of a cardiac arrest was 170.9 ± 56.7 nmol/L. Only one participant had thiamine deficiency according to the cut-off level for thiamine pyrophosphate in whole blood of <70 nmol/L. Fourteen patients had spontaneous return of circulation. Thiamine pyrophosphate levels were not different between the two groups of patients who had and did not have the return of spontaneous circulation at the emergency department.

CONCLUSION: Little evidence was found to support thiamine deficiency as a feature among our cardiac arrest patients. A study with a larger population is required for more meaningful statistical analysis. As there is no consensus on cut-off level for thiamine deficiency diagnosis, the level of thiamine pyrophosphate in specific populations should be evaluated to establish reference values.
The Association between NTproBNP Biomarker Levels and Clinical Symptoms of Cardiac Septal Defects in Children
Authors: Nova Ria , Putra Sukman Tulus , Nurmaini Siti , Partan Radiyati Umi
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: In a cardiac septal defect, there is left-to-right shunt at the atrial, ventricle level, or both. This causes clinical symptoms of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or malnutrition. NTproBNP is synthesized and released into the circulation by the ventricular myocytes in response to pressure, volume overload, and increase in myocardial wall stress.

AIM: This study aims to evaluate relationship between NTproBNP levels and clinical symptoms of cardiac septal defect.

PATIENTS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted from April to August 2021 at Moh Husin Hospital, Palembang, Indonesia. The presence of heart failure was determined using the modified Ross score. Nutritional status was defined on anthropometric measurement, and data were plot to weight to height Z-score chart. The presence of pulmonary hypertension was measured by Doppler echocardiography.

RESULTS: A total of 75 cardiac septal defect patients were included in this study. A similar plasma NTproBNP of 554 pg/ml was determined as the cut-off point for predicting heart failure and pulmonary hypertension, with a sensitivity of 57.1% and 54.5%, specificity of 85% and 80.9%, with area under receiver operating characteristic (ROC) of 0.706 and 0.716 respectively. For malnutrition, plasma NTproBNP of 429 pg/ml was found to have sensitivity, specificity, and area under ROC of 54.3%, 77.5%, and 0.640, respectively. The multivariate logistic regression showed that NTproBNP >554 pg/ml and >429 pg/ml had a 6-fold higher odds of having heart failure, an 8-fold higher odds of having pulmonary hypertension, and a 4-fold odds of having malnutrition.

CONCLUSION: NTproBNP is a biomarker that is strong enough to predict clinical symptoms of heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, and malnutrition in children with cardiac septal defect.
High Central Venous Pressure Associated with Mortality in Intensive Care Unit
Authors: Lubis Bastian , Amelia Putri , Viandy Vincent
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Central venous pressure (CVP) has been used as a measurement tool to assess hemodynamics, medication, and nutritional status in critically ill patients for decades. We frequently use the Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation or Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score to predict the mortality of intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Unfortunately, it requires a lot of time and procedures to measure these parameters. Moreover, not every single hospital can apply these scores. Since CVP is widely used in ICU, we can use the value of CVP to predict mortality.

AIM: The aim of this study was to find the correlation between CVP and mortality rate.

METHODS: This cross-sectional study was conducted in ICU of Haji Adam Malik General Hospital, Medan, in 2017. Basic demographic data, CVP measurements and mortality were recorded among all ICU patients. Patients with CVP >12 mmHg were considered high. The association between CVP and mortality was analyzed.

RESULTS: One hundred patients were admitted during the study period with mortality rate of 38%. The most common cause of ICU admission was postoperative neurosurgical patients (28%). We found correlation between high CVP (>12 mmHg) and mortality among ICU patients (odds ratio: 3.372; 95% confidence interval: 1.349–8.428; p = 0.008)

CONCLUSION: CVP level >12 mmHg associated with higher mortality rate in ICU patients.
Immunomodulatory Effects of Cermai Leaves (Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels) Ethanol Extract on Normal Male Rats and Cyclophosphamide Induction
Authors: Nurfadhilah Dhea , Yuandani Yuandani , Hasibuan Poppy Anjelisa Zaitun
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus (L.) Skeels leaf contains flavonoids and saponins that were widely used as herbal medicinal plant. The present study focused on exploring the biological potential as well as immunomodulatory effects.

AIM: The present study aimed to investigate the immunomodulatory effects of P. acidus extract on total and differential leukocyte count, antibody titer, delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) response in normal male rats, and immunosuppressed male rats.

METHODS: P. acidus extract was obtained by maceration technique by using ethanol as a solvent. Standardization of P. acidus and phytochemical screening includes examination of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids. The trial animals were male rats which were divided into two large groups, namely normal group and immunosuppressed group. All animals were given extract on the 1st day until day 14, on 4th day the animals were infected with 2% sheep red blood cells. Immunosuppressed rats were injected by 70 mg/kg bw cyclophosphamide on 8th and 13th day. The immunomodulatory effect was analyzed by evaluating total leukocytes, leukocyte differential, antibody titer, and DTH.

RESULTS: Phytochemicals screenings were showed alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, tannins, and steroids/triterpenoids from P. acidus extract. P. acidus extract showed an immunomodulatory activity on normal male rats and immunosuppressed male rats. The result was shown from the increasing of total leukocyte count and leukocyte differential, antibody titer value, and the volume of rat paws were higher than negative control (p < 0.05).

CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the P. acidus extract had immunomodulatory effects and its potential to be developed as immunomodulator agent.
Perilipin Genetic Variation Correlated with Obesity and Lipid Profile in Metabolic Syndrome
Authors: Hastuti Pramudji , Mus Rosdiana , Puspasari Anggelia , Maharani Citra , Setyawati Ika
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Perilipin is very important for the regulation of the deposition and mobilization of fats. The human perilipin gene (PLIN) is near the locus for risk of obesity and hypertriglyceridemia. The PLIN gene is thought to be involved in the occurrence of metabolic syndrome.

AIM: The aim of this research is to determine the role of variations of the PLIN gene (PLN4 11482 G>A) as a risk factor for component of metabolic syndrome.

METHODS: This study involved a total of 160 subjects consisting of 80 with metabolic syndrome and 80 controls. Genotype analysis was done with the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The data were analyzed with t-tests to compare the subjects’ characteristics between metabolic syndrome groups and controls. Risk factors of PLIN genotypes were calculated with odds ratio and multivariate regression analysis was used to determine the role of the PLIN gene with each biochemical characteristic.

RESULTS: The result was significant differences between the characteristics of the metabolic syndrome subjects with controls (p < 0.05). There was no difference in genotypes between patients with metabolic syndrome and controls. The multivariate analysis of the genetic role with biochemical components showed the PLIN gene in AA carriers as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome compare GA+GG, risk of obesity, and hypercholesterolemia with p < 0.05.

CONCLUSION: It can be concluded that PLIN variation has a role in the incidence of metabolic syndrome, especially in relation to obesity and hypercholesterolemia. Further study is needed to determine the role of other gene variations as a risk factor for metabolic syndrome.
Islamic Fasting Models but not Only Ramadan Improved Metabolic Parameter in High-Fat-High-Fructose-Induced Rats
Authors: Ismail Naufal Arif , Pramaningtyas Miranti Dewi , Nurmasitoh Titis
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Various types of Islamic fasting, apart from Ramadan fasting, have not been studied for their effects on health and metabolic processes.

AIM: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of models of Ramadan, Dawood, and Monday-Thursday fasting on metabolic parameters in high-fat-high-fructose (HFHF)-induced rats.

METHODS: Wistar rats were subjected to normal diet control, HFHF diet alone, and modeling Islamic fastings such as Ramadan, Dawood, and Monday-Thursday fasting models, within a period of 29 days at night that HFHF previously induced for 2 weeks. Serum lipid profile, glucose, uric acid, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) for liver function, and urea and creatinine for kidney function were assessed after HFHF induction (pre-test) and after fasting treatment (post-test).

RESULTS: HFHF administration for 2 weeks caused dyslipidemia and increased urea levels significantly. However, other parameters were impaired but not statistically significant. Islamic fasting models demonstrated a significantly improved lipid profile. However, glucose, uric acid, AST, ALT, urea, and creatinine improved after fasting treatment but were not statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Islamic fasting models have a beneficial effect on improving metabolic parameters. Both Dawood and Monday-Thursday fastings can be considered to promote health and improve metabolic processes as well as Ramadan fasting.
Severe Neutropenia after Sarilumab Administration in Two COVID-19 Patients: Case Reports and Literature Review
Authors: Marino Andrea , Campanella Edoardo , Ceccarelli Manuela , Bonomo Carmelo , Gussio Maria , Micali Cristina , Celesia Benedetto Maurizio , Nunnari Giuseppe , Cacopardo Bruno
Published: June 2022

BACKGROUND: Two years have passed since the WHO declared a pandemic state for SARS-CoV2 infection. COVID-19 pathogenesis consists of a first viral phase responsible for early symptoms followed by an inflammatory phase, which is cytokine-mediated, responsible for late-onset signs up to acute respiratory distress syndrome. Considering that interleukin (IL)6 plays a key role in the development and maintenance of inflammation, drugs targeting both IL6 and IL6 receptors have been evaluated.

CASE REPORTS: The present study reports the cases of two hospitalized patients with severe respiratory COVID-19 treated with a single dose of intravenous sarilumab, a monoclonal anti-IL6 antibody, along with standard of care medications and high-flow oxygen therapy. Although a few days following sarilumab administration, clinical and biochemical conditions started ameliorating, these patients developed severe and self-limiting neutropenia.

CONCLUSION: Sarilumab may represent a promising weapon to treat the fearsome hyperinflammatory phase; however, more trials are needed to decide whether to use it in combination with other drugs or alone, and to better understand pharmacokinetics and side effects.
Ectopic Pregnancy Following Levonorgestrel Emergency Contraception: Report of Two Cases
Authors: Telbiyska Katia , Angelova Mariya
Published: June 2022

Abstract
Ectopic pregnancy (EP) is likely to occur as an unwanted complication after unprotected intercourse in spite of levonorgestrel emergency contraception (LNG-EC).   Its incidence has been increasing recently.
We present 2 cases of tubal EP  after the oral use of levonorgestrel, treated by  laparoscopy.The first unruptured EP with unclear ultrasound findings, because of   uterine ventrofixation  after the caesarean section (CS) . The second case is a ruptured EP after LNG –EC   on day 24 of the period  with mild  haemoperitoneum with severe peritoneal irritation.
The fundamental question is whether levonorgestrel participates in the etiology of EP.
The etiology of EP involves many factors. Levonorgestrel mechanisms of action give us grounds to believe theoretically that it increases the risk of EP and participates as an etiological factor.
Searching for novel antagonists of adenosine A1 receptors among azolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine nitro derivatives
Authors: Yakovlev Dmitry S. , Vassiliev Pavel M. , Agatsarskaya Yana V. , Brigadirova Anastasia A. , Sultanova Kira T. , Skripka Maria O. , Spasov Alexander A. , Savateev Konstantin V. , Rusinov Vladimir L. , Maltsev Dmitriy V.
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Ligands of adenosine A1Rs are potential candidates for the development of drugs for the treatment of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, angina pectoris, hypertriglyceridemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, neuropathic pain, and heart failure. At the same time, there is a deficiency of drugs that can regulate the functions of A1 receptors. A number of A1-antagonists are at the various stages of clinical trials; other drugs are not very selective or are characterized by an insufficient breadth of their therapeutic action. Therefore, the search for new medicinal compounds for the prevention and treatment of A1-depended diseases among nitro derivatives of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine and 1,2,4-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine is of scientific interest.

Materials and methods: The search for active compounds was carried out by in silico and in vitro methods. At the first stage, a computer forecast of A1-antagonistic activity was carried out using the Microcosm BioS software. At the second stage, the prediction results were verified in vitro in a model of isolated mouse atria.

Results and discussion: Based on the results of the prediction by the method of maximum similarity to standards, the most active compounds III, VIII, and XVII were selected. After testing the prediction results by the isolated atria method, the compound VIII was characterized by A1-blocking effect in vitro at a concentration of 10 μmol/L.

Conclusion: The most promising compound with A1-blocking effect in vitro was identified; it is a derivative of tetrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine under the code of VIII. It is of interest for us for further in-depth study of its pharmacological properties.
On the SEL Egyptian fraction expansion for real numbers
Authors: Janthawee Mayurachat , Kanasri Narakorn R.
Published: June 2022

In the authors' earlier work, the SEL Egyptian fraction expansion for any real number was constructed and characterizations of rational numbers by using such expansion were established. These results yield a generalized version of the results for the Fibonacci-Sylvester and the Engel series expansions. Under a certain condition, one of such characterizations also states that the SEL Egyptian fraction expansion is finite if and only if it represents a rational number. In this paper, we obtain an upper bound for the length of the SEL Egyptian fraction expansion for rational numbers, and the exact length of this expansion for a certain class of rational numbers is verified. Using such expansion, not only is a large class of transcendental numbers constructed, but also an explicit bijection between the set of positive real numbers and the set of sequences of nonnegative integers is established.
Mode & morale. Une brève histoire du temps long
Authors: Delille Damien
Published: June 2022

Dans l’introduction de cette thématique consacrée aux liens entre mode et moralité, un bilan historiographique est dressé dans une optique transhistorique et chrono-thématique, allant de l’Antiquité gréco-romaine à nos jours. La lecture attentive de la réception critique des usages vestimentaires témoigne de l’émergence d’une rhétorique dépréciative qui se situe au cœur des pamphlets, satires et autres lois somptuaires. Ces écrits et les images qui les accompagnent s’appuient sur différentes règles morales qui sont imposées par la religion, la politique et l’économie, afin de maîtriser la mode et ses excès. La diversité des exemples et des contextes historiques qui sont présentés et analysés dessine en creux une série de constances sociales, dans le rapport de l’individu à la société, à travers son apparence distinctive et mimétique. Ce travail de synthèse entend souligner l’importance de ces principes moraux dans l’évolution de la mode, jusqu’aux dernières expressions d’une mode soutenable et inclusive.
La figure du petit-maître est-elle subversive ?
Authors: Forestier Albane
Published: June 2022

Cet article s’attache à mieux comprendre l’évolution de la mode masculine dans la France du XVIIIe siècle, en se concentrant sur le phénomène des petits-maîtres, descendants des petits marquis de Molière, et bien moins connus que leurs voisins anglais, les Macaronis. Partageant pourtant avec ces derniers un style flamboyant et des manières efféminées qui font tout autant scandale en France qu’en Angleterre, le phénomène reste peu étudié. Souvent considéré comme l’ultime expression de la figure de l’homme de cour, le petit-maître passe pour un modèle archaïque, puisque bientôt remplacé par celui du bourgeois en costume noir du XIXe siècle.Par l’étude des représentations de ce phénomène, notamment dans les domaine littéraires et philosophiques, cet article permet d’analyser les critiques morales et religieuses de cette mode masculine au XVIIIe siècle. Il montre dans quelle mesure la singularité vestimentaire de ce personnage est perçue comme un moyen d’affirmation de soi, révélant ainsi chez le petit-maître, et notamment dans sa relation à la mode, une modernité annonciatrice de celle du dandy. Si le cliché du jeune homme efféminé et entiché de son apparence n’est pas neuf, le petit-maître semble cristalliser les critiques politiques et sociales de l’homme de cour, et incarner la version antagoniste d’un nouvel idéal masculin construit sur le retour au naturel et à l’authenticité.
Lightweight Design and Additive Manufacturing of a Fatigue-Critical Automotive Component
Authors: Nicoletto Gianni , Riva Enrica , uriati Federico
Published: June 2022

Metal additive manufacturing is finding growing applicability in motorsports and high performance car sectors. Laser-Powder Bed Fusion (L-PBF) is the most developed AM technology for lightweight aluminum alloys producing near-net-shape components of complex geometry that achieve outstanding lightweight targets. A key issue in the widespread industrial acceptability of L-PBF is the structural integrity of these lightweight components when subjected to dynamic loading conditions because it requires in-depth knowledge of the fatigue behavior of L-PBF aluminum under the combined effect of stress gradients, residual stresses, surface condition and process-induced internal defects. This contribution overviews the presentation and application of an integrated design workflow that includes the following phases: i) a topological optimization phase to achieve lightweight targets, ii) a design for additive manufacturing phase supported by process simulation to optimize part production, iii) actual part fabrication in an industrial-grade L-PBF system using AlSi10Mg alloy powder followed by post fabrication heat treatment iv) production and fatigue testing of witness specimens providing relevant design data; v) fatigue testing of the parts to determine actual performance and vi) final assessment of the design know-how developed for fatigue-critical additively manufactured metal components.
Effectiveness of vermicompost from cow manure on agronomic parameters of tomato
Authors: Ndiaye Issa Alé , Diatte Mamadou , Labou Babacar , Balde Amadou , Tendeng Etienne , Sylla El Hadji Serigne , Seydi Omar , Diop Pape , Sene El Hadji Omar , Diarra Karamoko
Published: June 2022

Chemical fertilization inputs for micro-gardens in Senegal increase production costs and decrease the quality of vegetables. Vermicompost could be positioned as an alternative to chemical fertilizers. This study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of vermicompost from cow manure on agronomic parameters of tomato. Six treatments were compared. They are a mixture of sand and vermicompost constituted of four doses (D1, D2, D3 and D4) and chemical (Tr) and neutral (Tn) controls. The vermicompost treatments D1, D2 and D3 gave the highest germination percentages. The highest germination percentage was noted on the D3 dose. On flowering, the D4 dose gave a higher number of flowers compared to the controls. The treatments (D2, D3 and D4) were more efficient compared to the controls on fruiting and fruit weight. The highest weights were obtained with D4. Vermicompost is an alternative to the use of synthetic chemical fertilizers.
Physico-chemical characterization, acceptability and shelf stability of extruded composite flour enriched with long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens)
Authors: Shabo Esther Pius , Owaga Eddy , Kinyuru John
Published: June 2022

In Tanzania, chronic malnutrition rates remain high, with 32 percent of children under the age of 5 being stunted. The high cost of dietary protein sources is a contributing factor to the deterioration of the nutritional status of most children. Edible insects are suggested to provide an alternative source of protein in enriching the nutritional composition of foods. However, there is limited knowledge on the potential use of long-horned grasshopper (Ruspolia differens) to enhance the nutritional properties of extruded composite flour. This study intended to develop an extruded composite flour enriched with the long-horned grasshopper and further evaluate its proximate composition, mineral properties, antinutritional composition, functional properties, sensory acceptability, and shelf-life stability. Four samples of composite flour were formulated and processed using a twin-screw extruder to produce extruded composite flour (ECF) with a mixing (%wt.) ratios of 100:0 (ECF 0), 95:5 (ECF 5), 85:15 (ECF 15), 75:25 (ECF 25) for composite flour (cassava, millet, sorghum) and edible long-horned grasshopper pellets, respectively. Feed moisture content and barrel temperature were adjusted from 15 to 16% and 128 to 142 0C for Zone I, and 105 to 114 0C for Zone II, respectively. The findings show that the inclusion of long-horned grasshopper meal in the extruded composite flour significantly increased the moisture, crude fibre, crude ash, crude protein, and crude fat and mineral contents of Fe and Zn while significantly decreasing the carbohydrate contents at (p<0.001), and Mg contents at (p=0.0089). The phytate contents between ECF 0 and extruded composite flour treatments enriched with long-horned grasshopper did not differ significantly (p<0.141). All treatments showed a significant higher tannin content ECF 5 (0.007 mg CE/g), ECF 15 (0.012 mg CE/g) and ECF 25 (0.011 mg CE/g) when compared to values in control (0.004 mg CE/g). There was a significant difference at a 5% confidence level on the sensory properties between ECF 0 and ECF 15 and ECF 25; the latter two treatments had higher scores for colour and a lower score for aroma and taste attributes, respectively ECF 0. In addition, treatments (ECF 5, ECF 15, ECF 25) showed significantly higher peroxide values (3.52 to 5.32 mEq/Kg) than those in the control sample (2.80 to 3.33 mEq/Kg). In conclusion, the inclusion of edible long-horned grasshopper in the composite flour, significantly improved the quantity of crude protein, crude fat, and energy with an adequately appropriate amount of Zn and Fe to meet the needs of fast-growing infants and young children. Moreover, the functional properties of the resulted product were positively affected and its consumption is expected not to cause any harm to the human body. However, the product needs modification to improve aroma and taste attributes to increase product acceptability.
Şâfiî Mezhebinin İkinci Kurucu İsmi Büveytî’nin Hayatı, İlmî Şahsiyeti ve Zühd Anlayışı
Authors: AKDAĞ Eyyup
Published: June 2022

Büveytî, İmâm Şâfiî’nin ilmî ve manevî neşvesine sahip, en seçkin talebelerinden birisidir. İmâm Şâfiî’nin bizzat kendisi vefatına yakın bir zamanda, Büveytî’yi halkanın başına geçirmiş ve yerine halef bıraktığını tüm talebelerine ilan etmiştir. Bu manada Büveytî, İmâm Şâfiî’den sonra mezhepte ikinci kurucu isim olarak kabul edilir. İmâm Şâfiî, makamına tayin ettiği Büveytî’nin riyâsetini kabul etmeyecek talebelerin de bir an önce halkayı terk etmelerini istemiştir. İmâm Şâfiî, bu tercihinde Büveytî’nin ilminin büyüklüğünü dikkate aldığı gibi zühd, vera‘, zikir konularındaki hassasiyetini ve ibadete düşkün, sâlih kişiliğini de dikkate almıştır. İmâm Şâfiî’nin vefatından sonra Büveytî, mezhepte tek söz sahibi olmuş ve Şâfiî uleması onun eliyle yetişmiştir. Büveytî’nin tedrisinde yetişen Şâfiî uleması kısa bir zaman içinde mezhebi başta Buhârâ olmak üzere geniş bir coğrafyaya taşımışlardır. Büveytî, ömrünün son döneminde “Mihne” olaylarında sorgulanmış ve Kur’ân’ın mahlûk olduğu görüşünü kabul etmediği için ağır işkencelere maruz kalmış ve bu sebepten dolayı da vefat etmiştir. Sûfîler, tarihî süreç dikkate alındığında Şâfiî mezhebine her zaman sıcak ilgi duymuşlardır. Sûfîlerin, Şâfiliğe sıcak ilgilerinde bu mezhebin usûl ve furû‘ konusundaki yaklaşımları etkili olduğu gibi mezhebin önemli isimlerinin zühd anlayışları, tasavvufî tutum ve davranışları da etkili olmuştur. Bu manada mezhepte ikinci kurucu isim olan Büveytî, zühd anlayışı ve sûfîlere karşı sıcak tavrı ile öne çıkmış önemli bir şahsiyettir.
Vita brevis, Ars longa – applied art and modernist architecture in Poland: Transformation of approach to applied art and contemporary protection
Authors: Wróblewski Sebastian
Published: June 2022

The main aim of the present paper is to present the latest achievements in the process of protection of the applied art which was a part of post 1950s architecture in Poland. During the period 1945–1990 many buildings were adorned with different applied art forms: sgraffito, wall paintings, mosaics and other art techniques. The research focuses on the transformation of the society’s approach to applied art after a period of neglect and different forms of protection. In many cases applied art forms like mosaics and ceramic artworks became longer lasting elements than the architecture which they originally adorned. After the demolition of modernist constructions, artworks are frequently transferred to new architecture. That process proves that vita (architecturae) brevis, ars longa.
Legal protection and safety of works of art and other objects with historical or scientific value borrowed from other countries for the purpose of temporary exhibitions organised within the territory of Poland
Authors: Dworzecki Jacek , Nowicka Izabela , Urbanek Andrzej , Szkurłat Izabela
Published: June 2022

The article presents issues involving legal protection of borrowed works of art designated for temporary exhibitions outside the territory of their country of origin, which have frequently constituted the most crucial elements of national heritage of that country. Moreover, the mechanisms and regulations applied in the scope of insurance covering works of art and other objects with historical or scientific value which formed part of exhibitions organised by museums worldwide have been portrayed. The article presents experiences and solutions applied in this regard in Poland further to specifying international legal regulations that refer to the discussed issue.
Estrategia didáctica para el desarrollo del lenguaje oral en los niños y niñas del nivel preescolar
Authors: Pinargote Macías Sandra Yadira , Hipatia Alexandra Meza Intriago
Published: June 2022

La adquisición del lenguaje es un proceso natural del desarrollo de un niño o niña, el reconocimiento de un retraso en la adquisición del lenguaje en etapa temprana permitirá a un especialista actuar y modificar de manera significativa el aprendizaje del lenguaje.  Este artículo se basa en una propuesta educativa, mediante un plan de acción basado en estrategia didáctica para lograr aprendizajes que permitan el desarrollo del lenguaje oral en los niños y niñas del Centro de Educación Inicial Agripina Murillo de Guillem de Ecuador. Este estudio se sustenta en cuatro fases: desde el diagnóstico hasta la valoración de los descriptores. Mediante la ejecución se reflejó que los niños y niñas necesitan estimulación para el desarrollo del lenguaje oral, actividades como imitación, canciones y trabalenguas, tareas de discriminación auditiva y la interacción social.
Guía didáctica para el desarrollo del lenguaje en los niños de 4 años de la escuela “José de Vasconcellos”
Authors: Ostaiza Demera Janet Maribell , Vélez Loor Jéssica Monserrate , Zambrano Acosta Jimmy Manuel
Published: June 2022

El artículo describe los resultados de una investigación que tiene el propósito de elaborar una guía didáctica para el desarrollo del lenguaje en niños de 4 años de la escuela “José de Vasconcellos”. Los referentes teóricos están enmarcados en los postulados de las teorías constructivistas Piagetiana y Vigotskyana, en lo que respecta al desarrollo del lenguaje.  Metodológicamente, la investigación se enmarcó en un enfoque cualitativo, con el método de Investigación Acción según el modelo de Elliot (2000). Para la recolección de información se pusieron en práctica la revisión documental y la observación participante, con el uso de las notas de campo para el registro de datos. El grupo objeto de estudio estuvo conformado por 18 estudiantes, 18 padres de familia, 1 docente y la directora del plantel. El estudio se desarrolló en tres fases, la fase uno permitió descubrir algunas debilidades en el desarrollo del lenguaje de los niños; la fase dos sirvió para activar la participación de los involucrados para el diseño de la guía didáctica, asumida según Hernández (2015). En la fase tres se validó la guía mediante expertos y se aplicó en prueba a un grupo de niños. Sometido el proceso a la discusión cooperativa, se concluye que la investigación es pertinente, siendo recomendable su aplicación a niños de cuatro años de edad.
Educational escape rooms in pharmacy education: A narrative review
Authors: Abdul Rahim Aisyah Saad , Abd Wahab Mohd Shahezwan , Ali Aida Azlina , Hanafiah Nur Hafzan Md.
Published: June 2022

Background: The pharmacy profession has evolved tremendously, assuming important roles in patient care and often working in multidisciplinary healthcare teams. Educational escape rooms are team-based games delivered in active learning environments that address educational objectives by developing necessary competencies and skills for future pharmacists.  
Methods: This narrative review synthesises current practices and outcomes of educational escape rooms in pharmacy education with the primary aim of helping educators in developing and implementing escape room games. A database search of Web of Knowledge, Scopus, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar identified 1,057 studies.    
Results:  After article screening, twenty studies were included. The majority of the studies (85%) reported the development of escape room games for pharmacy practice and professional development.    
Conclusion:  Educational escape rooms were positively perceived by students, enhancing knowledge and serving as a platform to foster teamwork, communication, and problem-solving skills while applying clinical skills deemed essential in producing competent pharmacists in the 21st century.
Students’ perceptions and impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the pharmaceutical education in Bulgaria: A pilot project
Authors: Gavazva Evelina , Grekova Daniela
Published: June 2022

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic is a crisis that impacted different aspects of daily life. Under such circumstances, digital learning emerged and was adopted by all institutions worldwide to ensure continued education. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of the pandemic on pharmacy education in Bulgaria and present the perceptions and experiences of the students.
Methods: This survey was conducted between April and June 2021. For the purpose of the study, a questionnaire with 13 open and closed-ended questions was developed and 115 pharmacy students completed the survey. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the data.
Results: The challenges of the distance learning process mentioned by the students were: lack of teacher-student interaction, lack of laboratory practical classes and lower motivation to study. About 51 students (44%) reported they had good concentration during the online courses and 32% answered they had depressive thoughts.
Conclusion: The lack of interpersonal communication, lower motivation and concentration are the most significant issues faced by pharmacy students during the pandemic.
Legal review on military duty
Authors:   National Public Law Review, KIM Kwonil
Published: June 2022

This study analyzed the concept of national defense duty, which is the basis of the defense field, specifically the military duty and military service obligations that the people have. In particular, the Constitutional Court said that non-military obligations are included in national defense duty, and military service obligations are also considered to include non-military obligations, which was critically reviewed in this study. It is reasonable to view military service obligations as one of military duty, and it is reasonable to distinguish non-military obligations conceptually from military service obligations.
The requirements of "in times of war, national crisis or other similar emergencies" stipulated in the Military Service Act and the Emergency Readiness Act, which contain military duty, were reviewed. In order to prepare for the military, it is necessary to actively review the requirements to be relaxed to bear military duty when war, etc. is imminent.
In addition, there is a unique form of the War Readiness Reserve Act (Bill), which contains wartime military duty, which does not have the effect of the law yet, so this method is not valid from the perspective of the rule of law.
Finally, we looked at the Defense Production Act, which has recently emerged as a major concern in the United States. In the case of unplanned material production, it is distinguished from the concept of mobilization or requisition, but it is considered possible to enact the Defense Production Act based on Article 126 of the Korean Constitution. Otherwise, the necessary goods may be produced by emergency procurement of the Defense Acquisition Program Act.
A Comparative Study on the Solution of Aging of Public Medical Institutions: Focus on Legal System on Public Private Partnership in Japan
Authors:   National Public Law Review, Hwang Jihye
Published: June 2022

Public medical institution means medical institutions established and operated by the state or local governments to provide public health care to the people. Public medical institutions play a role in supplying inexpensive and good quality medical services to the public and supplying medical services to residents or socially disadvantaged people where the medical environment is weak. In addition, in the event of an infectious disease or other disaster, it is in charge of preventing and managing infectious diseases and treating victims affected by the disaster, and plays a role in responding to the crisis systematically at the national level. In particular, public medical institutions play an important role in preventing polarization in the medical field because they generally provide medical services to the public without considering profitability.
Public medical institution that play such an important role are having difficulties in solving the aging of public medical institutions due to chronic deficits. In recent years, regional variations in the degree of aging have intensified, resulting in regional imbalances in medical service quality. Therefore, it is necessary to solve this problem by preparing a plan to solve the aging of public medical institutions by attracting private capital. However, under the current Act On Public-Private Partnerships In Infrastructure(2020), only the Private Finance Initiative(PFI) scheme accompanied by construction is used. So, in this scheme, new facilities such as hospital wards must be built or if old facilities exist, new building after full demolition of old one must be made. Therefore, it is necessary to omit the construction stage and introduce an operating Private Finance Initiative(PFI) scheme that allows the private sector to repair the ward, supply and maintain new medical devices, etc.
In this motivation, the writer suggests to solve the aging of public medical institutions through comparison with Japan's public-private partnership law so that public safety can be secured from various risks such as COVID-19. Particularly, “The Right to Operate the Public Facility”(公共施設等運営権制度), which is a Japanese operating Private Finance Initiative(PFI) scheme, is reviewed, and the implications and limitations of this system on the Korean Private Finance Initiative(PFI) legislation are discussed.
Kết cục điều trị Dienogest trên bệnh nhân lạc nội mạc tử cung có đau vùng chậu tại Bệnh viện Mỹ Đức
Authors: Vương Tú Như , Nguyễn Thị Ngọc Diễm , Phạm Dương Toàn , Châu Ngọc Minh , Hê Thanh Nhã Yến , Triệu Thị Thanh Tuyền , Vương Thị Ngọc Lan
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Khảo sát hiệu quả và tác dụng phụ của Dienogest trên bệnh nhân lạc nội mạc tử cung có triệu chứng đau đến khám tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Mỹ Đức.

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Báo cáo loạt ca gồm 40 trường hợp bệnh nhân lạc nội mạc tử cung có đau vùng chậu điều trị Dienogest tại Bệnh viện Đa khoa Mỹ Đức với liều 2mg/ngày trong khoảng thời gian từ 25/10/2020 đến 30/05/2021. Mỗi bệnh nhân được đánh giá đau theo thang điểm nhìn (VAS) với các mức từ 0 đến 10 điểm và theo dõi các tác dụng phụ của thuốc tại các mốc 01 tháng, 03 tháng và 06 tháng sau điều trị.

Kết quả: Cải thiện trung vị điểm số đau VAS tại các thời điểm 01, 03 và 06 tháng so với trước điều trị lần lượt là -7 (-8,7; -3; p<0,0001), -7 (-10; -5; p<0,0001) và -8 (-10; -6; p<0,0001). Các tác dụng phụ thường gặp của Dienogest bao gồm rong kinh (12,1%), mụn mặt (6,1%), bốc hỏa (3%), dấu hiệu khô âm đạo (3%). Hiệu quả giảm đau sau điều trị Dienogest có xu hướng liên quan thuận với mức độ đau trước điều trị, mặc dù chưa có ý nghĩa thống kê (p=0,06).

Kết luận: Dienogest là một chọn lựa điều trị giảm đau hiệu quả và dung nạp tốt đối với những bệnh nhân lạc nội mạc tử cung (LNMTC).
Nghiên cứu thực trạng sử dụng surfactant trong điều trị hội chứng suy hô hấp ở trẻ sơ sinh tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương
Authors: Lê Thị Lan Anh , Trần Thị Thanh Hà , Lê Minh Trác , Nguyễn Thành Hải , Đoàn Anh Dũng
Published: June 2022

Mục tiêu: Mô tả thực trạng sử dụng surfactant trong điều trị hội chứng suy hô hấp (RDS) ở trẻ sơ sinh tại Bệnh viện Phụ sản Trung ương;

Đối tượng và phương pháp nghiên cứu: Nghiên cứu mô tả hồi cứu bệnh án của các bệnh nhi sơ sinh có sử dụng surfactant trong khoảng thời gian từ 01/10/2019 đến hết 31/12/2019.

Kết quả: 182 trẻ sơ sinh mắc RDS sử dụng 208 lượt surfactant, trong đó số lượt sử dụng beractant là nhiều nhất (45,7%). Chỉ 68,8% lượt bơm surfactant được hội chẩn trước khi dùng thuốc. Liều poractant alfa, beractant và bovactant ban đầu phù hợp khuyến cáo lần lượt chiếm 87,5%; 14,6% và 9,5%. Tỉ lệ chỉ định thời điểm dùng poractant alfa và beractant phù hợp lần lượt là 93,1% và 91,0% ở liều đầu; 86,7% và 85,7% ở liều lặp lại. Tỉ lệ chỉ định bovactant phù hợp về thời điểm còn thấp (38,1% ở liều đầu và 50% ở liều lặp lại).

Kết luận: Bác sĩ sơ sinh cần phải hội chẩn đầy đủ trước khi sử dụng surfactant và sử dụng đúng các mức liều surfactant được khuyến cáo cho mỗi loại surfactant và mỗi liều surfactant theo đơn vị mg/kg cân nặng của trẻ, đồng thời chỉ định surfactant kịp thời cho trẻ sơ sinh trong trường hợp cần sử dụng thuốc nhằm tăng hiệu quả điều trị.
Potato virus S (PVS)-Bitlis izolatının Kılıf Proteinin in silico Karakterizasyonu ve Konak Proteini ile Docking Analizi
Authors: KORKMAZ Gülüstan , USTA Mustafa , DEMİREL Serap
Published: June 2022

Patates virus S (PVS) dünya çapında yaygın olan virüslerden biridir ve patates bitkilerinde genellikle orta düzeyde simptomlar oluşturur. Viral proteinlerin konakçılarıyla etkileşimleri başarılı bir enfeksiyon oluşturmada ve sistemik yayılmayı sağlamada oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada PVS’nün kılıf proteini (CP) ve patates bitkisi tarafından kodlanan savunma sisteminde yer alan PSH-RGH6 proteini arasındaki interaksiyon homoloji modelleme ve protein-protein docking yaklaşımı kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. PVS-Bitlis izolatının CP geni gen spesifik primerler kullanılarak RT-PCR ile çoğaltıldı. İlgili gen pGEM-T Easy vektöre klonlandı ve PVS-Bitlis CP genini taşıyan plazmid sekanslandı. Elde edilen sekansa ait amino ait dizisi kullanılarak I-TASSER programı ile homolojiye ait protein modeli oluşturuldu. PSH-RGH6 proteini için Swiss-model programı kullanılarak proteine ait model oluşturuldu. Her iki proteine ait modeller arasında interaksiyon Chimera 1.15 programında AutoDock yaklaşımı ile araştırıldı. Docking sonucuna göre PVS-Bitlis CP ve PSH-RGH6 proteinleri arasında interaksiyon varlığı belirlenmiş olup bu interaksiyonun ayrıntılı analizler ile doğrulanması gerekmektedir.
An Introduction to Birth Sovereignty: Children, Initiates, and Infrastructure
Authors: Blacquemoss Tyrell
Published: June 2022

This intention statement describes the ethnographic and experimental practice of modern applications of African and Black Indigenous traditional dream practices. Specifically, the focus is on birth sovereignty as it applies to the birthing and growing of children, initiates, and the infrastructure necessary for liberation. Birth sovereignty focuses our dreams and connects the groundwork of elders with the visions of the young.