bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Esta es la libertad: procesos creativos desde las narrativas del yo y una ética del cuidado. 10 años del Proyecto Soy Libertad (INPE- PUCP)
Authors: Pastor Rubio Lorena
Published: December 2024

En 2024, el proyecto de investigación y creación escénica en penales Soy Libertad (INPE-PUCP) cumple diez años de vida. En este texto comparto una reflexión desde mi lugar de artista e investigadora, respecto a nuestros procesos de creación que tienen como punto de partida el cuerpo escénico y la producción de una narrativa del yo y de un nosotros. Desde estas narrativas propongo destejer cuál es el sentido y el significado de la libertad que emerge desde este cuerpo colectivo. Asimismo, reflexionar acerca de cómo nuestros procesos se sostienen en una ética del cuidado y en concebir al grupo como una comunidad que acciona estética y afectivamente frente a la vulnerabilidad y realidad de la persona privada de su libertad.
La recepción del Orff-Schulwerk en el mundo hispano: las ediciones latinoamericana y española de Musik für Kinder (1950-1954)
Authors: De la Hoz-Díaz Joaquín , Marín-López Javier
Published: December 2024

Desde la publicación original en alemán de Musik für Kinder (1950-1954), las ediciones del Orff-Schulwerk o método Orff en formato de libro se han sucedido en multitud de países, convirtiéndose en una de las vías más efectivas para la difusión mundial de este conocido sistema pedagógico. En este artículo se analizan y comparan las ediciones germana, latinoamericana –publicada en Argentina (1961)– y española (1969) del Orff-Schulwerk a partir de su estructura y contenido, la temática y características del repertorio, y la plantilla instrumental requerida. El estudio concluye que existieron notables diferencias entre las ediciones hispanas del manual, resultado de un proceso de adaptación en el que fueron determinantes factores estéticos e ideológicos locales. Asimismo, subraya la relevancia del manual como uno de los eslabones fundamentales de la cadena de transmisión del método en su conjunto, caracterizado por una camaleónica capacidad de adaptación que le permitía operar en contextos muy diversos sin perder sus fundamentos pedagógicos. Todo ello permite avanzar en nuestro conocimiento sobre la recepción del Orff-Schulwerk en el mundo hispano en las décadas de 1960 y 1970.
Zinc Availability in Calcareous Soil as Influenced by Various Levels, Sources of Zn and Zn Solubilizing Bacteria
Authors: P.Malathi  , Babu Bimal Glory , K.M.Sellamuthu
Published: December 2024

Zinc is one among the micronutrients essential for the growth and development of crops. Application of inorganic zinc fertilizers to mitigate Zn deficiency is relatively ineffective since it gets converted into unavailable forms. Microbial transformation of Zn from unavailable form to soil available form is an important approach contributing to plant Zn nutrition. An incubation experiment was conducted to study the transformation of Zn in calcareous soil. The results of incubation experiment revealed that application of Zn fertilizers with Zinc Solublizing Bacteria (ZSB) reduced the soil pH, increased the EC and DTPA-Zn content of the soil.  It was found that ZnSO4 addition at 7.5 kg Zn ha-1 along with ZSB (Enterobacter cloacae) was considered to be the best Zn management strategy in calcareous soil for sustaining Zn availability to crops.
Global Perspectives on Food Safety and Quality Control Standards: A Comprehensive Review
Authors: Bhavna  , Neetu  , Kathuria Bhavya , Kumari Anju , Sindhu Sangeeta Chahal
Published: December 2024

Food safety and quality control standards are vital for ensuring the safety and integrity of the global food supply chain. This review explores the key frameworks and regulations that govern food safety, emphasizing the critical roles of various stakeholders, including regulatory agencies, food manufacturers, and consumers. Key methodologies such as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) and Good Manufacturing Practices (GMP) are examined to demonstrate their effectiveness in identifying and mitigating risks associated with foodborne illnesses. Additionally, the role of International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards in promoting consistency and accountability across food industries is discussed. The importance of traceability and rigorous testing protocols play key role in enhancing consumer confidence and ensuring product quality. Emerging challenges such as globalization, technological advancements, and environmental sustainability are addressed, underscoring the need for adaptive and innovative approaches in food safety practices. By analyzing current standards and the interplay between regulatory compliance and industry practices, this review aims to offer insights into improving food safety and quality control measures. Ultimately, fostering a culture of safety and quality not only protects public health but also enhances consumer trust and supports the sustainability of food systems worldwide.
From Policy to Practice: Exploring Beneficiary Farmers Utilization of PM-KISAN Funds
Authors: Padmaja Borra , P.R. Deshmukh, , P.S. Kapse, , M. Jyothi Deshmukh, , R.P. Kadam,
Published: December 2024

This study investigates the utilization of the Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN) scheme funds by beneficiary farmers in the Marathwada region of Maharashtra across two financial years, 2021-2022 and 2022-2023. Using a multistage sampling technique, data were collected from 300 farmers across six talukas in the Beed and Nanded districts. The analysis focused on the allocation of funds towards agricultural and non-agricultural purposes over three installments each year. Results revealed a shift in fund utilization patterns between the two financial years. In 2021-2022, there was a gradual decrease in agricultural spending from 58.33% in the first installment to just 15.00% in the third, coupled with a rise in non-agricultural spending from 41.67% to 78.33%. Conversely, in 2022-2023, agricultural spending saw a significant increase in the first two installments, peaking at 80.33% before declining to 28.67% in the third installment. Non-agricultural spending followed a similar pattern, with a marked increase towards the end of the financial year. The findings suggest that while the PM-KISAN scheme supports agricultural investments early in the financial year, the funds are increasingly diverted towards household needs as the year progresses. This pattern underscores the dual role of the scheme in sustaining both agricultural productivity and household economic stability. The results have significant implications for policy-makers, As the PM-KISAN scheme is designed to support farmers in distress and is not intended to cover the full cost of cultivation, it may not fully address all financial needs. However, our sample of beneficiary farmers has indicated that the disbursed amount should be increased to Rs. 10,000/- to better meet their farm requirements. Fund diversion and its use for unproductive or non-agricultural purposes lead to the failure of the scheme's designated aim, especially in the summer season. Instead of providing three installments a year, if the government provides two installments of Rs. 5,000 each during the kharif and rabi seasons, it would better serve the purpose of the PM-KISAN scheme. This change could potentially provide farmers with a substantial lump sum of money at crucial points in the year, making it more convenient for managing farm expenses.
Expanding role of PI5P4Ks in cancer: A promising druggable target
Authors: Arora Gurpreet K. , Palamiuc Lavinia , Emerling Brooke M.
Published: November 2021

Cancer cells are challenged by a myriad of microenvironmental stresses, and it is their ability to efficiently adapt to the constantly changing nutrient, energy, oxidative, and/or immune landscape that allows them to survive and proliferate. Such adaptations, however, result in distinct vulnerabilities that are attractive therapeutic targets. Phosphatidylinositol 5‐phosphate 4‐kinases (PI5P4Ks) are a family of druggable stress‐regulated phosphoinositide kinases that become conditionally essential as a metabolic adaptation, paving the way to targeting cancer cell dependencies. Further, PI5P4Ks have a synthetic lethal interaction with the tumor suppressor p53, the loss of which is one of the most prevalent genetic drivers of malignant transformation. PI5P4K's emergence as a crucial axis in the expanding landscape of phosphoinositide signaling in cancer has already stimulated the development of specific inhibitors. Thus, a better understanding of the biology of the PI5P4Ks will allow for targeted and effective therapeutic interventions. Here, we attempt to summarize the mounting roles of the PI5P4Ks in cancer, including evidence that targeting them is a therapeutic vulnerability and promising next‐in‐line treatment for multiple cancer subtypes.
PACS‐1 contains distinct motifs for nuclear‐cytoplasmic transport and interacts with the RNA‐binding protein PTBP1 in the nucleus and cytosol
Authors: Trothen Steven M. , Zang Rong Xuan , Lurie Antony , Dikeakos Jimmy D.
Published: November 2021

Phosphofurin acidic cluster sorting protein 1 (PACS‐1) is canonically a cytosolic trafficking protein, yet recent reports have described nuclear roles for PACS‐1. Herein, we sought to define the nuclear transport mechanism of PACS‐1. We demonstrate that PACS‐1 nucleocytoplasmic trafficking is dependent on its interaction with the nuclear transport receptors importin alpha 5 and exportin 1. PACS‐1 nuclear entry and exit are defined by a nuclear localization signal (NLS, residues 311‐318) and nuclear export signal (NES3, residues 366‐375). Mutation of the PACS‐1 NLS and NES3 altered the localization of a complex formed between PACS‐1 and an RNA‐binding protein, polypyrimidine tract‐binding protein 1. Overall, we identify the nuclear localization mechanism of PACS‐1 and highlight a potential role for PACS‐1 in RNA‐binding protein trafficking.
Mechanical Metamaterials with Discontinuous and Tension/Compression‐Dependent Positive/Negative Poisson's Ratio
Authors: Yang Nan , Deng Yong , Zhao Shengjie , Song Yifan , Huang Jinlun , Wu Nan
Published: November 2021

Ordinary materials have positive Poisson's ratios (PRs), and the currently known mechanical metamaterials possess negative PRs both under tension and compression. Herein, two types of novel cellular structure units with tension/compression‐dependent positive/negative PRs are demonstrated. For type I structure, the unit exhibits a positive PR during tension and a negative PR during compression, while for type II structure, the unit shows a negative PR during tension and a positive PR during compression. The deformation behaviors of the new metamaterials are first predicted by a simple analytical model and finite‐element method calculations, and the predicted results are then confirmed experimentally. Numerical and experimental studies show that for the plane angle , the unit of the new metamaterial switches its PR under compression and exhibits a discontinuous change in the PR. The deformation law does not depend on either the Young's modulus or the hardness of the material. The geometrically determined deformation behaviors of the proposed metamaterials are observed in 2D and 3D cellular structures and are proven to be robust through numerical and experimental studies. The proposed mechanical metamaterials can be applied as new deformation‐protected materials in energy‐absorbing devices, soft robotics, and tissue engineering scaffolds and as thermal deformation materials.
Microextrusion Foaming of Polyetheretherketone Fiber: Mechanical and Thermal Insulation Properties
Authors: Li Mengya , Zhou Mengnan , Jiang Junjie , Tian Fangwei , Gao Ning , Zhai Wentao
Published: November 2021

Porous polyetheretherketone (PEEK) materials, especially those with controllability and excellent mechanical properties, have always been the development hotspots in the fields of thermal insulation and medical bone implants. However, the traditional sulfonation process of porous PEEK materials has the problems of applying abundant high‐concentration solvents, high production costs, low resource utilization, and environmental pollution. Herein, a microextrusion foaming process with using CO2as a blowing agent is proposed for creating porous PEEK fibers under different parameters. The as‐prepared porous PEEK fiber possesses well‐defined cell morphology, high toughness (136.2%), and excellent thermal insulation properties (13.4 ± 1.50 °C), resulting from the high cell nucleation rate and limited‐time cell growth (<0.85 s). All in all, the microextrusion foaming process provides unprecedented opportunities for continuous manufacturing and functional development of porous PEEK fibers.
Effect of Primary α Phase on the Plastic Deformation Mechanism of Ti–10Mo–1Fe Alloys at Room Temperature
Authors: Wang Qingjuan , Gao Beite , Wang Wei , Xin Shewei , Sun Yaling , Wang Kuaishe
Published: November 2021

Through room‐temperature compression tests, the microstructure evolution and room‐temperature plastic deformation mechanism of a β‐type Ti–10Mo–1Fe alloy, which exhibits a primary α phase after solution treatment at 780 °C, are studied. When the deformation is small, the existence of the primary α phase makes the distribution of twins between grains uneven. A small amount of intragranular twins grows to the intragranular α phase, and then stops growing. The grain boundary α phase (GBα) plays an important role in inhibiting the growth of twin laths to a certain extent. When the deformation is large, compression cracks appear at the α/β phase interface. The α/β phase interface is weak, and the deformation along the 45° direction is relatively large. Owing to the existence of the primary α phase, the ultimate tensile strength of the alloy increases to 934.5 MPa, and the elongation reaches 21.7%. The room‐temperature plastic deformation mechanism of the Ti‐10Mo‐1Fe alloy solution treated at 780 °C is dominated by {332} <113> twins, as well as by a small amount of {112} <111> twins (0.57%) and stress‐induced orthorhombic martensite α” phase (2.5%).
Polymer Acceptors with Flexible Spacers Afford Efficient and Mechanically Robust All‐Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Genene Zewdneh , Lee Jin‐Woo , Lee Sun‐Woo , Chen Qiaonan , Tan Zhengping , Abdulahi Birhan A. , Yu Donghong , Kim Taek‐Soo , Kim Bumjoon J. , Wang Ergang
Published: November 2021

High efficiency and mechanical robustness are both crucial for the practical applications of all‐polymer solar cells (all‐PSCs) in stretchable and wearable electronics. In this regard, a series of new polymer acceptors (PAs) is reported by incorporating a flexible conjugation‐break spacer (FCBS) to achieve highly efficient and mechanically robust all‐PSCs. Incorporation of FCBS affords the effective modulation of the crystallinity and pre‐aggregation of the PAs, and achieves the optimal blend morphology with polymer donor (PD), increasing both the photovoltaic and mechanical properties of all‐PSCs. In particular, an all‐PSC based on PYTS‐0.3 PA incorporated with 30% FCBS and PBDB‐T PD demonstrates a high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 14.68% and excellent mechanical stretchability with a crack onset strain (COS) of 21.64% and toughness of 3.86 MJ m‐3, which is significantly superior to those of devices with the PA without the FCBS (PYTS‐0.0, PCE = 13.01%, and toughness = 2.70 MJ m‐3). To date, this COS is the highest value reported for PSCs with PCEs of over 8% without any insulating additives. These results reveal that the introduction of FCBS into the conjugated backbone is a highly feasible strategy to simultaneously improve the PCE and stretchability of PSCs.
Anomalous Superconducting Proximity Effect in Bi2Se3/FeSe0.5Te0.5 Thin‐Film Heterojunctions
Authors: Zhang Yalin , Zhao Wei‐Min , Zhang Chunchen , Wang Peng , Wang Tong , Li Shao‐Chun , Xing Zhongwen , Xing Dingyu
Published: November 2021

The superconducting proximity effect (SPE) induces a superconductivity transition in otherwise non‐superconducting thin films in proximity with a superconductor. The SPE usually occurs in real space and decays exponentially with film thickness. Herein, an abnormal SPE in a topological insulator (TI)/superconductor heterostructure is unveiled, which is attributed to the topologically protected surface state. Surprisingly, such abnormal SPE occurs in momentum space regardless of the TI film thickness, as long as the topological surface states are robust and form a continuous conduction loop. Combining transport measurements and scanning tunneling microscopy/spectroscopy techniques, the SPE in Bi2Se3/FeSe0.5Te0.5 heterostructures is explored, where Bi2Se3 is an ideal 3D topological insulator and FeSe0.5Te0.5 a typical iron‐based superconductor. As the thickness of the Bi2Se3 thin film exceeds 400 nm, there still exists SPE‐induced superconductivity on the surface of Bi2Se3 thin film with a transition temperature Tc not less than 10 K. Such an extraordinary behavior is induced by the unique properties of topologically protected surface states of Bi2Se3. This research deepens the understanding of the important role of topologically protected surface states in the SPE.
Report of two children with global developmental delay in association with de novo TLK2 variant and literature review
Authors: Woods Emily , Spiller Michael , Balasubramanian Meena
Published: November 2021

We describe clinical details, including novel findings, of two further children with the newly defined TLK2‐related disorder. One patient was recruited to the Deciphering Developmental Delay (DDD) Study to identify underlying etiology of global developmental delay. The other was detected on whole‐exome sequencing as part of second line investigations following normal microarray. Both patients were found to have de novo heterozygous pathogenic TLK2 variants. A novel c.6del p.(Glu3Lysfs*) loss‐of‐function frameshift variant was found in Patient 1. A c.1121+1G>A splice‐donor variant was detected in Patient 2. TLK2‐related neurodevelopmental disorder is a specific syndrome that has been recently described. Global developmental delay, behavioral problems, gastrointestinal disorders, and typical facial dysmorphism are common features. Neuropsychiatric disorders, ophthalmic, musculoskeletal and cranial abnormalities, as well as short stature, have also all been described. The novel findings we describe include sleep disturbance, nondifferentiation of lateral semi‐circular canals (where asymmetric semi‐circular canals were a feature in the previous cohort), vesico‐ureteric reflux, and bilateral periauricular skin tags. Here, we report a novel TLK2 variant and previously undescribed features of TLK2‐related disorder, to expand the clinical phenotype and provide further genotype–phenotype correlation.
Initial description and evaluation of EDS ECHO: An international effort to improve care for people with the Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes and hypermobility spectrum disorders
Authors: Schubart Jane R. , Bascom Rebecca , Francomano Clair A. , Bloom Lara , Hakim Alan J.
Published: November 2021

The Ehlers‐Danlos Society Extension for Community Health Care Outcomes (EDS ECHO) is a portfolio of teleconferencing programs developed around the principles and practices of Project ECHO®, aimed at increasing awareness of Ehlers‐Danlos syndromes (EDS) and hypermobility spectrum disorders (HSD) among clinicians, enhancing their confidence in the assessment and management of these complex conditions, and generating networks of clinicians across specialties. We assessed the outcomes of the first EDS ECHO program, launched in April 2019, with two hub locations: Indiana University Health, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA, and The Royal Society of Medicine, London, UK. Clinicians were surveyed before and 6 months after their participation. We describe the initial outcomes of the first four EDS ECHO programs, each comprising nine sessions. Participants reported increased levels of knowledge and confidence in providing care (93% and 95%, respectively) and an increase in referral network participation (65%). Additionally, 80% reported that their interest in EDS and HSD increased; 57% reporting a great increase. Also, 59% reported a decrease in feeling overwhelmed by EDS and HSD, and nearly half reported a decrease in their level of frustration because of participating in EDS ECHO. Clinicians participating in EDS ECHO programs know more, have more confidence in their ability to provide care, and feel energized by their participation.
A Conjugated Figure‐of‐Eight Oligoparaphenylene Nanohoop with Adaptive Cavities Derived from Cyclooctatetrathiophene Core
Authors: Zhan Lijie , Dai Chenshu , Zhang Guohui , Zhu Jun , Zhang Shaoguang , Wang Hua , Zeng Yi , Tung Chen‐Ho , Wu Li‐Zhu , Cong Huan
Published: November 2021

A fully conjugated figure‐of‐eight nanohoop is presented with facile synthesis. The molecule's lemniscular skeleton features the combination of two strained oligoparaphenylene loops and a flexible cyclooctatetrathiophene core. Its rigid yet guest‐adaptive cavities enable the formation of the peanut‐like 1:2 host–guest complexes with C60 or C70, which have been confirmed by X‐ray crystallography and characterized in solution. Further computational studies suggest notable geometric variations and non‐covalent interactions of the cavities upon binding with different fullerenes, as well as overall conjugation comparable to cycloparaphenylenes.
Geometrically Constrained Cationic Low‐Coordinate Tetrylenes: Highly Lewis Acidic σ‐Donor Ligands in Catalytic Systems
Authors: Keil Philip M. , Hadlington Terrance J.
Published: November 2021

A novel non‐innocent ligand class, namely cationic single‐centre ambiphiles, is reported in the phosphine‐functionalised cationic tetrylene Ni0 complexes, [PhRDippENi(PPh3)3]+ (4 a/b (Ge) and 5 (Sn); PhRDipp={[Ph2PCH2SiR2](Dipp)N}−; R=Ph, iPr; Dipp=2,6‐iPr2C6H3). The inherent electronic nature of low‐coordinate tetryliumylidenes, combined with the geometrically constrained [N−E−Ni] bending angle enforced by the chelating phosphine arm in these complexes, leads to strongly electrophilic EII centres which readily bind nucleophiles, reversibly in the case of NH3. Further, the GeII centre in 4 a/b readily abstracts the fluoride ion from [SbF6]− to form the fluoro‐germylene complex PhRDippGe(F)Ni(PPh3)3 9, despite this GeII centre simultaneously being a σ‐donating ligand towards Ni0. Alongside the observed catalytic ability of 4 and 5 in the hydrosilylation of alkynes and alkenes, this forms an exciting introduction to a multi‐talented ligand class in cationic single‐centre ambiphiles.
Stereodivergent Attached‐Ring Synthesis via Non‐Covalent Interactions: A Short Formal Synthesis of Merrilactone A
Authors: Huffman Benjamin J. , Chu Tiffany , Hanaki Yusuke , Wong Jonathan J. , Chen Shuming , Houk Kendall N. , Shenvi Ryan A.
Published: November 2021

A strategy to control the diastereoselectivity of bond formation at a prochiral attached‐ring bridgehead is reported. An unusual stereodivergent Michael reaction relies on basic vs. Lewis acidic conditions and non‐covalent interactions to control re‐ vs. si‐ facial selectivity en route to fully substituted attached‐rings. This divergency reflects differential engagement of one rotational isomer of the attached‐ring system. The successful synthesis of an erythro subtarget diastereomer ultimately leads to a short formal synthesis of merrilactone A.
HFIP‐Assisted Single C−F Bond Activation of Trifluoromethyl Ketones using Visible‐Light Photoredox Catalysis
Authors: Ghosh Soumen , Qu Zheng‐Wang , Pradhan Suman , Ghosh Avisek , Grimme Stefan , Chatterjee Indranil
Published: November 2021

A visible light photoredox catalytic method for the selective cleavage of single strong C−F bond in trifluoromethyl ketones is reported. Single electron reduction of trifluoromethyl ketones generates difluoromethyl radicals which can be engaged in intermolecular C−C bond formation with N‐methyl‐N‐arylmethacrylamides to furnish fluorine‐containing oxindole derivatives in good yields. The reaction shows excellent chemoselectivity with good functional group tolerance under mild conditions. 1,1,1,3,3,3‐Hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) as a solvent plays a critical role for the selective single C−F bond cleavage. High‐level DFT calculations are depicted to shed light on the mechanism.
Synthesis and properties of poly(ethylene‐co‐diethylene glycol 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) copolymers
Authors: Meng Hongxu , Li Zhisong , Wu Linbo , Li Bo‐Geng , Hu Yumiao , Wang Kecheng
Published: November 2021

Poly(ethylene 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEF) is a biobased polyester with high gas barrier properties, tensile modulus, and strength. In PEF chain, in addition to ethylene furandicarboxylate repeat unit, there is also a small amount of diethylene glycol furandicarboxylate (DF) unit which is formed by etherification side reactions. However, the effect of DF unit in a wide composition range on polymer properties is still unclear. In this study, random poly(ethylene‐co‐diethylene glycol 2,5‐furandicarboxylate) (PEDF) copolymers were synthesized via melt copolycondensation of 2,5‐furandicarboxylic acid, ethylene glycol and diethylene glycol. The copolymers were characterized and evaluated by intrinsic viscosity, 1H NMR, thermal transition, thermogravimetric analysis, tensile, impact, and O2 penetration tests. The copolymers are amorphous in the full composition range. The presence of less than 58 mol% DF unit in PEDFs neither improves the tensile ductility nor deteriorates the oxygen barrier performance, but reduces the glass transition temperature clearly. In comparison with poly(ethylene terephthalate), the PEDF copolymers containing <58 mol% DF unit have higher tensile modulus, strength, and O2 barrier properties.
„Smart Structures“ – aktive und passive Schwingungsreduktion von Bauwerken – Stand der Technik und Erfahrungen bei der praktischen Realisierung
Authors: Meinhardt Christian
Published: November 2021

Um unerwünschte Bauwerksschwingungen zu reduzieren, greift man herkömmlicherweise auf die Strategie zurück, Masse bzw. Steifigkeit eines Bauwerks zu erhöhen. Diese Strategie ist jedoch häufig ineffizient und unwirtschaftlich. Daher kommt es vermehrt zum Einsatz von intelligenten Maßnahmen zur Schwingungsreduzierung. Neben längst etablierten passiven Systemen gibt es auch aktive oder adaptive Lösungen, welche sich an den Schwingungszustand eines Bauwerks anpassen und die auftretenden Bauwerksschwingungen gezielt reduzieren können. Das Innovationspotenzial hierbei liegt entweder in der Optimierung der dynamischen Parameter einer passiven Lösung sowie dem Erreichen dieser Kennwerte für alle relevanten Belastungszustände oder aber in der Implementierung einer semiaktiven, aktiven oder hybriden Schwingungskontrolle. Im Folgenden sollen diese Maßnahmen näher beschrieben und anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen (eigene Erfahrungen und in der Literatur beschriebene) illustriert werden. Dabei liegt der Fokus auf Massendämpfern, welche als semiaktive, aktive, adaptive oder hybride Systeme appliziert werden können. Neben der generellen Wirkungsweise wird auch die Auswahl geeigneterer Aktoren und Regelungskonzepte näher betrachtet.
Optimized Hybrid Structures in Bridge Construction
Authors: Kasuga Akio
Published: November 2021

Hybrid structures have two major objectives. One is to make concrete structures lighter by combining different technologies. And another is to make structural functions clearer by combining different materials. This report outlines two examples of these objectives. The example of the first objective to make structure lighter is light‐weight bridges. We have been building many types of hybrid bridges, for example, the corrugated steel web type, the hybrid truss type and the composite girder type. However, when steel members are used, maintenance is required throughout the lifetime of the structure. To solve these issues, a new type of hybrid bridge has recently been developed – the butterfly web bridge. This new structure combines conventional concrete with high‐strength fibre‐reinforced concrete. The web consists of precast panels shaped like a butterfly wing. These members are reinforced using only prestressing steel in the tension area and have a thickness of just 15 cm. The remaining concrete members are cast‐in‐place. As a result, this new type of bridge achieves a weight reduction of 15 to 20 % compared with a conventional concrete box girder construction. The example of the second objective to make structural functions clear is the hybrid stay cable anchorage system in the tower of cable‐stayed and extradosed bridges. Basically, the steel absorbs the tensile forces of the horizontal component of the stay cable and the concrete absorbs the compressive forces of the vertical component. The steel box anchorage system developed during the 2000s has evolved to make its cheaper to construct in the 2010s. We have undertaken many experiments in our laboratory to confirm the structural behaviour of these evolving systems. The evolution of stay cable anchorage systems is outlined in this article.
Hypercellular bone marrow in aplastic anemia: A case report of two patients
Authors: Sweeney Ryan , Esmail Fatema , Mirza Kamran M. , Nand Sucha
Published: November 2021

Aplastic anemia is a disorder of bone marrow failure characterized by a hypocellular bone marrow. We report two cases with an initial hypercellular bone marrow at the time of presentation, suggesting a new phase in the pathogenesis of the disease.
Bronchopleural fistula and bilateral pneumothorax in a patient with COVID‐19
Authors: Shah Sangam , Mandal Prince , Chamlagain Rajan , Yadav Rukesh , Pande Yubraj , Sah Sanjit Kumar , Sharma Paudel Basanta , Gyawali Madan
Published: November 2021

COVID‐19 pneumonia causes several complications that include pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, empyema, and rarely leads to bronchopleural fistula (BPF). BPF is a communication between the pleural space and the bronchial tree. We report a case of 24 years man with pneumothorax, hydropneumothorax, and BPF that appeared after COVID‐19 infection.
Aerobic C−C Bond Cleavage Catalyzed by Whole‐Cell Cultures of the White‐Rot Fungus Dichomitus albidofuscus
Authors: Zhuk Tatyana S. , Babkina Valeriia V. , Zorn Holger
Published: November 2021

Whole‐cell cultures of the basidiomycetous white‐rot fungus Dichomitus albidofuscus exhibit varying catalytic activity towards aromatic compounds depending on the growth stage. This study reveals the catalytic behavior of mature whole‐cell cultures that effectively catalyze a C−C bond cleavage oxidizing toluene, benzaldehyde and acetophenone to phenol. The reaction products were analyzed by GC‐MS and NMR techniques. To exclude the de novo formation of phenol by the fungus, its origin has been proven by bioconversion of benzaldehyde‐d5. The key step involves an aerobic Baeyer‐Villiger type rearrangement where the incorporation of oxygen into the product was confirmed based on isotope labelling experiments with 18O2. Intermediate esters were not found in reaction mixture presumably due to the detected esterase activity in the mycelium as well as in supernatant of the whole‐cell cultures. As a result, the sequence of biocatalytic reactions catalyzed by D. albidofuscus for the degradation of toluene via C−C bond cleavage has been disclosed.
Wellness and wellness counseling: History, status, and future
Authors: Brubaker Michael D. , Sweeney Thomas J.
Published: November 2021

Despite broad professional and empirical support, wellness and wellness counseling remain largely absent from counselor preparation standards and ethical codes. In this conceptual examination, the authors summarize the current state of these concepts, providing concrete suggestions to enhance these documents and utilize wellness competencies to advance counseling research and practices.
Simplified Synthesis of Spherical Silica Microparticles from Rice Husk
Authors: Jang Il-Seop , Park Ji Yeon , Park Hayoung , Gu Yang Mo , Lee Jin Hyung , Chun Jinyoung
Published: November 2021

A facile synthetic method for preparing spherical silica microparticles from rice husks was developed. Spherical silica particles with an overall size of several micrometers were obtained via direct extraction of silicate solution from rice husks, followed by precipitation of silica using nitric acid and a polymer additive. The synthetic process was simplified by omitting the acid leaching and pyrolysis processes of the rice husks. Herein, it was demonstrated that the extraction of silicate under mild conditions, combined with the use of a polyethylene glycol additive during the precipitation step, are crucial for obtaining spherical silica microparticles. Moreover, the porosity of the silica particles could be controlled by adjusting the calcination temperature.
Helic[6]arene‐Based Chiral Pseudo[1]rotaxanes and [1]Rotaxanes
Authors: Du Xu‐Sheng , Han Ying , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: November 2021

Chiral pseudo[1]rotaxanes and [1]rotaxanes constructed from macrocyclic arenes still remain a big challenge mainly owing to the lack of such chiral macrocycles. In this work, a new system of chiral pseudo[1]rotaxanes formed by self‐inclusion of helic[6]arene containing amide linked with the terminal tertiary amines was first discovered. Based on an atom‐economic stopping strategy, a pair of chiral [1]rotaxanes were conveniently obtained in almost quantitative yields by blocking the pseudo[1]rotaxanes with monobenzyl bromide of tetraphenylethene. The structures of pseudo[1]rotaxanes and [1]rotaxanes were characterized by 2D NMR spectra in solution, combined with DFT calculations. The photophysical properties further revealed the efficient chirality transfer of helic[6]arene to the tetraphenylethene moiety, compared to their unthreaded chiral isomers. The discovery of the chiral pseudo[1]rotaxanes allows for a wide and available synthesis of chiral [1]rotaxanes, and also opening a new avenue to the design of chiral supramolecular materials.
Efficient Extraction of Metal Ions Using a Recirculating Two‐Stage Flow Reactor
Authors: Harvie Andrew J. , de Mello John C.
Published: November 2021

Invited for this month's cover is the group of John C. de Mello at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in Trondheim (Norway). The cover picture shows a simple flow‐based reactor for extracting copper ions from an impure feed solution. The extraction occurs in two stages. In the first stage, the feed solution (blue) is mixed with an immiscible organic solution (orange) that contains copper‐selective extractant molecules. The copper ions rapidly transfer to the organic phase, which is then ‘tapped‐off’ using a liquid‐liquid separator. In the second stage, the organic solution is mixed with an acid solution (green), which strips the copper ions from the organic solvent. The two phases are separated using a second liquid/liquid separator. The copper solution passes straight through, while the organic solution is tapped‐off and recycled through the reactor to carry out further extractions.  Read the full text of their Full Paper at 10.1002/cmtd.202100054.
The frequency of assessment of progression in randomized oncology clinical trials
Authors: Haslam Alyson , Gill Jennifer , Prasad Vinay
Published: November 2021

Background

Progression in tumor assessments is often detected at a follow‐up appointment rather than when actual change in progression has occurred, which can bias PFS outcomes.

Aim

We sought to evaluate the frequency of tumor assessment scans in clinical trials of anti‐cancer interventions and to compare this to recommended (National Comprehensive Cancer Network) and real‐world frequencies of tumor assessments.

Methods

In a cross‐sectional analysis, we searched for articles published in the three top oncology journals between July 2017 and June 2020. We included articles that were RCTs of patients that had unresectable or metastatic solid tumors and used an intervention that was designed to be anti‐tumor. We abstracted median PFS survival for each group, the PFS hazard ratio, frequency of tumor assessment scans, tumor type, intervention type, and information regarding the study.

Results

We found that, in the 182 comparisons (163 articles), less frequent tumor assessment (occurring more than 9 weeks between assessments) was associated with higher median PFS values for both the intervention group (p < .0001) and the control group (p < .0001). PFS hazard ratios for studies scanning for tumors every 10 or more weeks were no different than for studies scanning for tumors more frequently (p = .88). Data on the frequency of tumor assessments in the real world is sparse.

Conclusion

We found that less frequent tumor assessment frequency was associated with longer median PFS in both intervention and control groups of clinical oncology trials but was not associated with differences in PFS hazard ratios. Future research is needed to compare real world to trial assessment.
Recent Advances in All‐Inorganic Zero‐Dimensional Metal Halides
Authors: Guo Yang , Chen Bing , Ren Xiaolin , Wang Feng
Published: November 2021

All‐inorganic zero‐dimensional (0D) metal halides are composed of isolated metal halide polyhedrons bridged by monovalent alkali metal ions. The unique structure gives rise to molecule‐like electronic configuration and consequently highly attractive optical properties. In comparison with their three‐dimensional (3D) counterparts, the 0D metal halides exhibit characteristic features such as broadband emission and long‐term stability. In addition, 0D metal halides can be constructed from a diverse range of metal ions and permit high‐level impurity doping, thereby offering great structural designability and spectral tunability. This Review surveys recent advances in 0D metal halides, including crystal preparation, luminescence modulation, and emerging applications.
Two Faces of the Bi−O Bond: Photochemically and Thermally Induced Dehydrocoupling for Si−O Bond Formation
Authors: Ramler Jacqueline , Schwarzmann Johannes , Stoy Andreas , Lichtenberg Crispin
Published: November 2021

The diorgano(bismuth)alcoholate [Bi((C6H4CH2)2S)OPh] (1‐OPh) has been synthesized and fully characterized. Stoichiometric reactions, UV/Vis spectroscopy, and (TD‐)DFT calculations suggest its susceptibility to homolytic and heterolytic Bi−O bond cleavage under given reaction conditions. Using the dehydrocoupling of silanes with either TEMPO or phenol as model reactions, the catalytic competency of 1‐OPh has been investigated (TEMPO=(tetramethyl‐piperidin‐1‐yl)‐oxyl). Different reaction pathways can deliberately be addressed by applying photochemical or thermal reaction conditions and by choosing radical or closed‐shell substrates (TEMPO vs. phenol). Applied analytical techniques include NMR, UV/Vis, and EPR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry, single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis, and (TD)‐DFT calculations.
Synthesis of 2‐(Chlorodifluoromethyl)indoles for Nucleophilic Halogen Exchange with [18F]Fluoride
Authors: Bock Leonard , Schultheiß Stefanie K. , Maschauer Simone , Lasch Roman , Gradl Susanne , Prante Olaf , Zard Samir Z. , Heinrich Markus R.
Published: November 2021

The synthesis of 2‐[18F]trifluoromethylated indoles from the corresponding chlorodifluoromethyl precursors was found to proceed under milder conditions when compared to known metal‐free nucleophilic exchange reactions with [18F]fluoride on chlorodifluoro‐methyl arenes. A key element in the reaction course is – most likely – a favorable elimination‐addition mechanism on the 2‐methyl position of the indole. Given the increasing interest in 18F‐labelled compounds, this single step labeling methodology nicely complements the so far existing routes to 2‐[18F]trifluoromethylated indoles.
(R)‐BINOL‐6,6’‐bistriflone: Shortened Synthesis, Characterization, and Enantioselective Catalytic Applications
Authors: Mouhtady Omar , Castellan Tessa , André‐Barrès Christiane , Gornitzka Heinz , Fabing Isabelle , Saffon‐Merceron Nathalie , Génisson Yves , Gaspard Hafida
Published: November 2021

The title compound, characterized by X‐ray crystallography, was accessed in 4 steps with 92 % ee. and 25 % yield from an O‐protected (R)‐BINOL precursor. This revised synthetic route relied on a chlorosulfonylation reaction, as a shortcut to a previously developed sequence requiring the use of toxic SO2 gas and bromine. The strongly electron‐impoverished (R)‐6,6′‐Tf2‐BINOL proved an effective ligand in metal‐catalyzed enantioselective transformations such as a Zr‐based Mannich‐type reaction. The catalytic species was characterized by X‐ray crystallography as a unique tetrameric metal cluster. The 6,6′‐bistriflone groups also allowed to exalt the H‐bond donor capacity of the BINOL moiety, as illustrated in an organocatalyzed Morita‐Baylis‐Hillman transformation. Theoretical study indicated that the 6,6′‐bistriflone groups induce a drop of the phenol acidity of 5 pKa units in DMSO. Overall, this work simplified the access, completed the characterization, and confirmed the potential of (R)‐6,6′‐Tf2‐BINOL as a promising platform to further elaborate activated chiral metal ligands or organocatalysts.
Comparative Study of Different Activation Procedures of High Temperature Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Li Jingjing , Yang Linlin , Sun Hai , Sun Gongquan
Published: November 2021

Herein, the objective is to investigate the activation mechanism and activation process in high‐temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cell under different activation procedures from multiple perspectives. The effects of galvanostatic, temperature cycling, current step cycling, and increasing back pressure on cell performance were investigated by current density distribution test, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and distribution of relaxation times analysis. The results show that galvanostatic activation was the optimal activation mode. Current step cycling and elevating back pressure activation increase the voltage growth rate, but make the difference in the optimization of each parameter become greater, and do harm to cell performance stability and long‐term durability. Temperature cycling activation increases the charge transfer resistance and makes the uniformity of current density distribution deteriorate due to the thermal and mechanical stresses. It emphasizes the fact that different activation modes had great influence on the uniformity of current density distribution, and the optimization speed and change trend of each key parameter are not synchronized during the activation process. It is insufficient to focus only on voltage reaching steady state, and factors such as voltage, impedance, and uniformity of current density distribution should be considered comprehensively.
Lithium Powder Synthesis and Preparation of Powder‐Based Composite Electrodes for Application in Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Kolesnikov Aleksei , Wulfers Tristan , Kolek Martin , Bieker Peter , Stan Marian Cristian , Winter Martin
Published: November 2021

The electrochemical performance of lithium metal batteries is affected by many factors, among which the negative electrode is crucial. Although much of the research is focused on lithium metal electrodes from metallic foils, lithium metal powder can also provide several advantages. Herein, the synthesis of lithium metal powder (Lip) using a droplet emulsion technique is described in detail and the scientific background of the method is provided. Furthermore, the electrochemical performance of the composite Lip‐based electrodes prepared with conductive carbon additive (Super C65) via the electrode paste‐casting method is reported. The results indicate that under the same material loading, the composite Lip‐based electrodes can provide at least twice the practical electrode capacity of pure Lip electrodes and with lower overpotentials, as shown in symmetric Li||Li cells. Full cells assembled with an NMC622 cathode and a composite Lip‐based electrode are cycled at least for 100 cycles and show improved cycling performance as compared with the full cells assembled with pure Lip electrodes. In addition, the results also conclude that there are four different types of charge storage mechanisms in these composite Lip‐based electrodes. These occurring mechanisms should be considered when engineering lithium metal electrodes with various designs.
Metal Nanoclusters as Versatile Building Blocks for Hierarchical Structures
Authors: Banach Ewa , Bürgi Thomas
Published: November 2021

Atomically precise monolayer‐protected metal clusters (nanoclusters) are currently in the focus of interest due to their strongly size‐dependent properties, which gives rise to different applications, and the possibility to study the evolution of structure as a function of size. The use of truly monodisperse metal clusters as building blocks for the preparation of hierarchical structures offers exciting possibilities for the design of new materials. In this overview article we describe the current state of the art in the field of assembly of nanoclusters in one, two and three dimensions. The nanoclusters show rich chemistry that can be used for their assembly. Several reports indicate that, within the assemblies of clusters, their photoluminescence is enhanced. Although there is already a considerable body of reports on the assembly of nanoclusters, we believe that much more exciting properties of nanocluster assemblies will be discovered in the future.
Using the present to estimate the future: A simplified approach for the quantification of climate change effects on urban flooding by scenario analysis
Authors: Padulano Roberta , Costabile Pierfranco , Costanzo Carmelina , Rianna Guido , Del Giudice Giuseppe , Mercogliano Paola
Published: November 2021

Understanding and modelling pluvial flood patterns is pivotal for the estimation of flood impacts in urban areas, especially in a climate change perspective. However, urban flood modelling under climate change conditions poses several challenges. On one hand, the identification and collection of climate change data suitable for flood‐related evaluations requires consistent computational and scientific effort. On the other hand, large difficulties can arise in the reproduction of the rainfall‐runoff transformation process in cases when only little information about the subsurface processes is known. In this perspective, a simplified approach is proposed to address the challenges regarding the quantitative estimation of climate change effects on urban flooding for real case applications. The approach is defined as “bottom‐up” because climate change information is not included in flood modelling, but it is only invoked for the interpretation of results. In other words, the challenge faced in this work is the development of a modelling strategy that is expeditious, because it does not require flood simulations for future rainfall scenarios, but only under current climate conditions, thus reducing the overall computational effort; and it is flexible, because results can be easily updated once new climate change data, scenarios or methods become available, without the need of additional flood simulations. To simulate real case applications, the approach is tested for a scenario analysis, where different return periods and hyetograph shapes are used as input for urban inundation modelling in Naples, Italy. The approach can support public and private stakeholders, such as land administrators and water systems managers; moreover, it represents a valuable and effective basis for climate change risk communication strategies.