bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Selectivity of gillnets on the main fish species caught in the floodplains of the Madeira River (Rondônia, Brazil)
Authors: Lima Severino Adriano de Oliveira , Gonzaga Junior Marcondes Agostinho , Sousa Raniere Garcez Costa
Published: December 2023

Small-scale fishing in the floodplains of the Amazon basin has intensified, with gillnets being one of the main types of tackle used. In this study, we evaluated the length structure of fish species in a floodplain lake of the Madeira River basin, emphasizing the selectivity of the nets in the main species caught. The fisheries were collected in periods of high water and low water, with nets of mesh sizes of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120 and 160 mm. Tests between the periods and also comparing the meshes were performed and the parameters of the selectivity curves estimated with the SELECT calculation code. Records of 17 new maximum lengths are presented. Of the 12 most abundant species, the selectivity of the nets in the modal lengths for Anchovia surinamensis were 13.3, 19.9, 26.6 and 33.2 cm in the nets with mesh sizes of 40, 60, 80 and 100 mm, respectively. In the three smallest mesh sizes, the values for Potamorhina altamazonica were 12.7, 19.0 and 25.3 cm and for Pellona flavipinnis values were 15.4, 23.2 and 30.9 cm. In the two smallest mesh sizes, the following values were presented for the species Potamorhina latior (12.9 and 19.4 cm), Potamorhina rutiloides (11.3 and 16.9 cm), Triportheus elongatus (19.7 and 29.5 cm), Triportheus flavus (14.1 and 21.1 cm) and Pimelodus blochii (15.5 and 23.0 cm). The estimates of selectivity of the nets, in addition to being basic information for fishery sciences, are also fundamental for the management of Amazonian fish stocks.
Modeling and simulation of dew point temperature generated by a bubble aerator
Authors: Tistomo Arfan Sindhu , Achmadi Aditya , Fajria Melati Azizka , Viridi Sparisoma , Munir Muhammad Miftahul , Suprijadi Suprijadi
Published: December 2023

The dew point temperature can be generated by saturating air with water vapor through several methods, one of which is by creating small-sized air bubbles passed through water in an enclosed space known as a saturator. In practical terms, the dew point temperature produced by this system can be determined by measuring it using a dew point meter. However, the prediction of the dew point temperature generated through theoretical approaches has not been presented before. Thus, in this study, a simulation has been conducted to determine the dew point temperature. The result is then compared to the experimental data. The experiment follows the single pressure humidity generator principle, where a saturator containing a bubble aerator is immersed in a stirred liquid bath. The bath temperature is set to 25 °C, and the gas flow rate is adjusted from 0.1 lpm to 0.4 lpm. The dew point temperature is measured using a 373 LHX chilled mirror dew point meter. On the other hand, the simulation is performed using the Monte Carlo method, and the physical model involves a heat balance between convection and the change in bubble energy. The convection heat transfer coefficient is determined by the behavior of bubble dynamics, which is related to the bubble size and bubble velocity. The dew point temperature obtained from the simulation is assumed to be the same as the bubble temperature. As a result, the simulation data align well with the experimental data.
Rapid parameter identification of three diode photovoltaic systems using the Cheetah optimizer
Authors: El Marghichi Mouncef , El Jadli Ihssan abdelkoddous
Published: December 2023

This study focuses on accurate parameter identification for solar cells and photovoltaic module simulation using experimental data. To tackle the challenge of modelling these highly nonlinear systems, we propose the novel use of the Cheetah Optimizer (CO) algorithm, inspired by cheetah hunting strategies. The CO algorithm employs mathematical models and randomization parameters to balance exploration and exploitation, avoiding local optima by considering energy limitations. We demonstrate the CO algorithm's effectiveness by applying it to the three-diode model in solar photovoltaic systems, specifically the STP6-120/36 and Photowatt-PWP201 PV modules. Impressively, the CO algorithm achieves remarkably low root mean square error values of 0.0145 A and 0.0019 A, outperforming state-of-the-art methods and ensuring high accuracy. Additionally, it delivers the lowest power errors of 0.16054 W and 0.01484 W for the respective modules, highlighting its exceptional performance. The CO algorithm proves to be a promising tool for precise parameter extraction and optimization, leading to improved modelling and performance of solar photovoltaic systems.
Machine learning models applied to estimate the water temperature of rivers and reservoirs
Authors: Gomes da Silva Jheklos , Cavalcante de Souza Ricardo André , De Oliveira Nobrega Obionor
Published: December 2023

Water temperature in rivers and reservoirs plays a crucial role in aquatic ecology, as inadequate conditions can promote the overgrowth of harmful algae and bacteria, resulting in the production of harmful toxins for human and animal health, and affecting water quality. To effectively manage water resources, continuous monitoring of these bodies is crucial. However, existing technological devices rarely offer continuous and real-time data collection, necessitating an alternative approach. The aim of this study was to compare the performance of four machine learning models (Linear Regression, Stochastic Model, Extra Tree, and Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network) in estimating water temperature in Pernambuco, Brazil's rivers and reservoirs. Statistical metrics showed that all models achieved a satisfactory capacity, with the Multilayer Perceptron Neural Network demonstrating slightly superior performance in reservoirs and rivers where it obtained the best result with a Mean Squared Error: 0.343, Root Mean Squared Error: 0.585, Mean Absolute Error: 0.445 and Coefficient of Determination: 0.595. Consequently, the MLPNN model was chosen for the development of virtual sensors. In addition to an interface that allows users to access a map and obtain estimated water temperature information for various locations, facilitating informed decision-making and resource management.
A general Monte-Carlo approach to consider a maximum admissible risk in decision-making procedures based on measurement results
Authors: Ferrero Alessandro , Jetti Harsha Vardhana , Ronaghi Sina , Salicone Simona
Published: December 2023

According to the standards, decision-making procedures generally consider both a threshold that should not be exceeded and the measurement uncertainty that is associated to the measurement result. However, the general indications given in the Standards, in their examples, refer to the particular case when the measurand distributes according to a normal PDF. But a generalization to other cases is not considered and is not straightforward.
In a previous paper, the Authors proposed a decision-making procedure which not only considers the measurement uncertainty and the threshold, but also considers a Maximum Admissible Risk. The proposed procedure leads to decisions taken with a risk of a wrong decision lower than the given Maximum Admissible Risk. In particular, closed-form formulas were derived under specific assumptions for the distributions of the measured values. Hence, the aim of this paper is to generalize the proposed decision rule and method for setting acceptance and rejection limits, by applying the Monte-Carlo method. In this way, it can be generally applied, even when the distribution associated to the measurement result is not a priori known in closed form.
A smart combination of IoT and blockchain enabling technologies to measure and improve workplace safety in dairy farm
Authors: Verde Maria Teresa , Bonavolontà Francesco , Liccardo Annalisa , Lamonaca Francesco , Di Stasio Emilio , Raimondi Giampaolo
Published: December 2023

In 2022, there was a 25.77 % increase in work-related accidents reported in Italy, including 1090 with a fatal outcome. Legislative Decree 81/100 regulates worker safety and requires employers to assess risks and implement necessary interventions. When risks cannot be eliminated, employers must provide appropriate Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). However, safety management requires large investments and supervision to ensure proper use of PPE. The current regulatory system, which focuses on punishing noncompliance with safety requirements, has been insufficient in deterring workplace accidents. To address this, the National Institute for Insurance against Accidents at Work (INAIL), is introducing incentives and substantial discounts on insurance costs for companies that carry out preventive actions. In this paper, the authors propose an innovative tool that leverages IoT and Blockchain technologies to record safety-related events in an immutable and transparent way, quantifying the level of achieved safety. They suggest setting up a system consisting of PPE with RFID technology and an automated surveillance agent to record operations and issue consents. The number of events recorded in Blockchain can quantify the degree of achieved safety.
Impedance method application for number detection Escherichia coli in molluscs testing by official laboratory
Authors: Egidio Marica , Marrone Raffaele , Di Paolo Marika , Capo Salvatore , Esposito Emanuele , Della Rotonda Maurizio , Capuano Federico , Proroga Yolande Thérèse Rose , Sardo Alma , Mancusi Andrea
Published: December 2023

Bivalve molluscan shellfish (BMS) have an important role in the transmission of some pathogens responsible for food-borne disease because they are filter-feeding animals capable of greatly concentrating certain pathogenic agents (bacteria, viruses, or parasites) present in the water column, like Escherichia coli. The reference method for E. coli testing in bivalves is the most probable number (MPN) method therefore, as this method has some disadvantages, alternative techniques of equivalent accuracy could be used without the drawbacks of the MPN method such as the direct impedance technique. This method is based on the principle that bacteria produce positively or negatively charged end products causing an impedance variation of the medium that can be used to measure their growth. The present study evaluated the efficiency of the direct impedance measuring technique through a series of laboratory tests performed on 6 kg of clams belonging to two different batches. The preliminary obtained data, compared with the MPN reference method and dd-PCR to validate the alternative method, show that the direct impedance technique has the potential to be used in place of TBX culture for confirming E. coli in MPN assays.
Tomography-based Digital Twin of Nd-Fe-B Permanent Magnets
Authors: Bolyachkin Anton , Dengina Ekaterina , Kulesh Nikita , Tang Xin , Sepehri-Amin Hossein , Ohkubo Tadakatsu , Hono Kazuhiro
Published: December 2023

Many functional materials are designed at the multiscale level. To properly simulate their physical properties, large and sophisticated computer models capable of replicating the microstructure with nm-level accuracy are required. This is the case for permanent magnets, for which there is a long-standing problem of a significant offset between simulated and experimental coercivity. To overcome this problem and resolve the Brown paradox, we developed a novel approach to construct large-scale finite element models based on the microstructure tomography. It was applied to ultrafine-grained Nd-Fe-B magnets for which, besides the shape, size, and packing of the grains, we reconstructed individual regions of thin intergranular phase separated by triple junctions. Such micromagnetic model managed to reproduce not only experimental coercivity but also its mechanism according to the angular dependence of coercivity. Furthermore, a remarkable role of thin triple junctions as nucleation centers for magnetization reversal was revealed. Proposed digital twins of Nd-Fe-B permanent magnets can assist their optimization towards an ultimate coercivity, while the developed tomography-based approach can be adapted to a wide range of polycrystalline materials.
Machine learning to predict untreated dental caries in adolescents
Authors: Bomfim Rafael Aiello
Published: December 2023

Objective. This study aimed to predict adolescents with untreated dental caries through a machine-learning approach using three different algorithms.
Methods. Data came from an epidemiological survey in the five largest cities in Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Data on sociodemographic characteristics, consumption of unhealthy foods and behaviours (use of dental floss and toothbrushing) were collected using Sisson's theoretical model, in 615 adolescents. For the machine learning, three different algorithms were used: 1) XGboost; 2) decision tree and 3) logistic regression. The epidemiological baseline was used to train and test predictions to detect individuals with untreated dental caries, through eight main predictor variables. Analyzes were performed using the R software (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria). The Ethics Committee approved the study.
Results. For the 615 adolescents, xgboost performed better with an area under the curve (AUC) of 84% versus 81% for the decision tree algorithm. The most important variables were the use of dental floss, unhealthy food consumption, self-declared race and exposure to fluoridated water.
Conclusions. Family health teams can improve the work process and use artificial intelligence mechanisms to predict adolescents with untreated dental caries, and, in this way, schedule dental appointments for the treatment of adolescents earlier.
Phytocphytochemical Profiles of Rhoicissus Tridentata Harvested From the Slopes of Mountain Elgon, Uganda
Authors: Kudamba Ali , Kasolo Josephine N. , Bbosa Godfrey S. , Lugaajju Allan , Wabinga Henry , Niyonzima Nixon , Ocan Moses , Damani Ali M. , Kafeero Hussein M. , Ssenku Jamilu E. , Okurut Shaban A. , Lubowa Muniiru , Walusansa Abdul , Muwonge Haruna
Published: December 2023

Introduction: Prostate cancer remains a formidable threat in Uganda. As such, the quest to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. Medicinal plants are taking center stage in these efforts. In the Elgon sub-region of Eastern Uganda, Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) is one of the medicinal plants commonly used in the management of prostate cancer among communities and traditional herbalists but its phytochemical profiles responsible for toxicity activity have not fully been investigated. This impedes the potential usefulness of R. tridentata in developing improved anticancer biotherapeutics.to find novel, efficacious therapies with reduced side effects to avert this challenge is still ongoing. The current study investigated the phytochemical compositions of aqueous and methanol extracts of Rhoicissus tridentata used in the management of prostate harvested from the Elgon sub-region. Methods The root tubers were harvested from the mountain Elgon sub-region, identified and authenticated, cleaned, air-dried, pounded, and subjected to qualitative phytochemical profiling and spectrophotometry. The laboratory experiments were conducted at Islamic University in Uganda, Uganda Natural Chemotherapeutics Laboratories, and Makerere University. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics with STATA version 15.0 software. Graphs were plotted using GraphPad Prism® version 9.0.0. Results The researchers found that Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) root tuber extracts were very rich in a number of phytochemical compounds that dissolve better in methanol than in ethanol. Polyphenols, tannins, glycosides, carotenoids, and flavonoids were significantly higher in methanol than in ethanol and water (p = 0.0022), while saponins were substantially higher in water (p = 0.0022). Conclusions Root tubers of Rhoicissus tridentata (L.f.) had several bioactive compounds, with the majority found in methanol as compared to water extract. The bioactive compounds observed were mainly polyphenols and flavonoids, and these have been reported to possess reputable anticancer properties. To help the pharmaceutical industry develop novel and more potent anticancer medications from plants such as R. tridentata, it is necessary to undertake in vitro and in vivo investigations on the plant extracts and to purify and characterize the most bioactive compounds.
Use of nano-silica as a supplementary cementitious material in recycled aggregate concrete: Hydration characteristics, mechanical properties and microstructure assessment
Authors: Chen Guofu , Pu Taohong , Ma Jingyue , Li Zhukai , Zhang Qin , Cheng Ziyang
Published: December 2023

Replacement of natural coarse aggregate (NCA) with recycled coarse aggregate (RCA) is an ideal solution to recycle and utilize the huge amount of construction and demolition wastes (CDW). However, due to the relatively higher porosity and cracking of RCA, its application in the construction industry is restricted. In this study, the RCA was used to completely replace natural coarse aggregate (NCA) for preparation of recycled aggregate concrete (RC). The effects of nano-SiO2 (NS) on the hydration characteristics, mechanical properties and permeability and microstructure of RC were investigated by a range of analytical techniques. The results indicated that the incorporated of NS promoted the hydration progress and enhanced the compressive strength at different ages, while it adversely affected the fluidity. Moreover, the microstructure showed less content of calcium hydroxide and dense interfacial transition zone (ITZ) between RCA and matrix in the RC reinforced by NS due to the nucleation effect and the pozzolanic reaction, thus increased the resistance to chloride penetration and capillary water absorption. The maximum efficiency was obtained when 3% NS was used. This method provides the possibility to use 100% RCA in concrete and helps to maintain the better mechanical properties and durability of RC for a longer period.
Comparative analysis of thoracoscopic and open extrapleural surgery in the treatment of neonatal type III esophageal atresia
Authors: Liao Yu , Qing Xudong , Zhao Xiaohuan , Zheng Zebing , Tang Chengyan , Du Qing , Zhu Daiwei , Zhou Wankang , Liu Yuanmei , Jin Zhu
Published: December 2023

Objective To investigate the efficacy of both transthoracoscopic and open thoracic surgical approaches in the treatment of neonatal type III esophageal atresia, to compare the feasibility of the two surgical approaches and to provide a reference for clinical treatment.
Methods Clinical data for 73 patients with type III esophageal atresia admitted to the Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University from January 2016 to December 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into an open-chest group (n=21 patients) and a lumpectomy group (n=52 patients) according to the surgical method. Numerous perioperative observations and postoperative complication rates were compared between the two groups of children.
Results Operating time [(156.10.10±9.02) min vs. (144.10±6.66) min], anesthesia time［（206.10.10±12.11）min VS（197.50±15.97）min］,surgical bleeding [(5.86±1.24) ml vs. (2.98±1.38) ml], and incision length [(6.68±0.56) cm vs. (1.12±0.16) cm] were significantly different between the open-chest and lumpectomy groups. Postoperative differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conversely, differences in length of postoperative hospital stay, postoperative drainage tube removal time, and postoperative complication rate between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In the lumpectomy group, there were 11 cases of anastomotic stricture (21.15%), 9 cases of anastomotic leak (17.31%) and 3 cases of recurrent tracheo-esophageal fistula (5.77%). In the open group, there were 5 cases of anastomotic stenosis (23.81%), 4 cases of anastomotic leakage (19.05%) and 2 cases of tracheo-esophageal fistula recurrence (9.52%). The difference between the two groups was not statistically significant (P < 0.05).
Conclusion Compared with the open-heart surgical approach, thoracoscopy is a safe and minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of type III CEA, and is advantageous in that the operative field is larger, the procedure is more precise and the postoperative recovery is faster.
Higher severity fire increases the long-term competitiveness of pyrophytes in an upland oak-pine forest, Kentucky, USA
Authors: Culbert Scott , Arthur Mary A. , Cotton Claudia A. , Muller Jacob J.
Published: December 2023

Background In many eastern North American forests and woodlands, formerly dominant oaks (Quercus spp. L.) and pines (Pinus spp. L.) are experiencing widespread regeneration challenges and biodiversity loss. These changes are due to past land use and widespread fire exclusion, facilitating positive feedbacks that reduce the effectiveness of low-severity prescribed fire. High-severity fires (wildfires and potentially prescribed burns) offer promise to overcome these feedbacks and assist in ecosystem restoration. In 2010, a 670 ha mixed-severity wildfire burned in the Daniel Boone National Forest in Kentucky, USA, providing a rare opportunity to track oak-pine vegetation community recovery across a wide fire severity spectrum. We examined the effects of burn severity on species diversity, forest structure, community assemblage, stem recruitment into the midstory (2–10 cm diameter at breast height (DBH); 0.79–3.94 in DBH) and canopy (10 + cm DBH; 3.94 + in DBH), and non-native invasive plant (NNIP) populations.Results After 12 years, burn severity was positively related to midstory recruitment of yellow pine (Pinus echinata Mill., P. rigidia Mill., P. virginiana Mill.) and unrelated to recruitment of oak and mesophytic species. Burn severity was negatively related to the relative importance of midstory mesophyte species and positively related to the relative importance of midstory pyrophyte species. Increased burn severity dramatically increased the probability of invasive species presence, particularly Chinese silvergrass (Miscanthus sinensis Andersson).Conclusions Earlier results found that up to six years post-fire, burn severity was significantly and positively related to oak sapling recruitment. Our results indicate that, 6 years later, higher burn severity was no longer associated with oak midstory recruitment but was associated with increased recruitment and importance of other pyrophytic species, particularly yellow pines. Our results also suggest that a single high-severity fire can provide long-term recruitment benefits to yellow pine species and increase the competitive status of pyrophytes relative to mesophytes. To re-stimulate recruitment of oak into the midstory, it may be necessary to reintroduce fire between six and 12 years following a high-severity burn. This research demonstrates the benefits of higher-severity fire for restoring fire-adapted communities, though the proliferation of NNIPs severely undermines these benefits.
α-Klotho Prevents Diabetic Retinopathy by Reversing the Senescence of Macrophages
Authors: Li Qingbo , Wang Peiyu , Xu Manhong , Gong Yi , Wang Manqiao , Luan Rong , Li Jiaxin , Liu Juping , Li Xiaorong , shao yan
Published: December 2023

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a significant cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population worldwide. Aging is considered an important risk factor for its development. Macrophages in aged mice bear typical M2 marker proteins but simultaneously express a pro-inflammatory factor profile. This may explain why the level of intraocular inflammation does not decrease during proliferative diabetic retinopathy despite the occurrence of neovascularization and fibrosis (M2 activation). Our studies demonstrate that senescent macrophages are involved in the pathogenic mechanism of DR for the first time. α-Klotho (KL) is a well-established longevity protein. However, the role of KL in DR pathophysiology has not been previously reported. In vivo diabetic mice models showed a strong protective effect of KL on retinal structure and function in conditions of DM. Furthermore, the data suggested that KL alleviates DM-induced retinal macrophage senescence by downregulating HECTD1 and decreasing IRS1 ubiquitination and degradation. These results show that modulation of KL expression is an exciting and viable target for DR.
Adverse Childhood Experiences, Brain Function, and Psychiatric Diagnoses in a Large Adult Clinical Cohort
Authors: Keator David , Salgado Frank , Madigan Caroline , Murray Sydnyy , Norris Stephanie , Amen Daniel
Published: December 2023

Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) have been associated with higher rates of psychiatric illness in adults. Neuroimaging studies have previously identified regional volume, functional connectivity, and altered blood flow as a function of increasing ACEs in relatively small samples. Thus far, no study has evaluated a large adult clinical population to identify which brain functional associations may be mediators between ACEs and an adult psychiatric diagnosis. This study aims to understand the relationship between ACEs and adult brain function in a large clinical cohort (N=7275) using HMPAO SPECT scans at rest and during a concentration task, to gain insight into the common brain functional patterns associated with increasing ACEs in adults with varying degrees of mental health illnesses. We evaluate how patient-reported ACEs are associated with brain function in adults, across diagnoses. We then evaluate the risk of being diagnosed with specific classes of mental health conditions as a function of increasing ACEs, along with understanding which specific ACE questions were statistically related to each diagnosis in this cohort. To evaluate how brain function, in association with ACEs might influence an adult psychiatric diagnosis, we performed mediation analyses where brain functional regions of interest act as mediators between patient-reported ACEs and each diagnosis. Broadly, we found increased function in cognitive control and default mode networks and decreased function in areas of the dorsal striatum and cerebellum. We found that having more ACEs increases the risk of being diagnosed with a variety of mental health conditions that generally fall into anxiety-related disorders, substance abuse-related disorders, and depression. Further, we found many of the regions implicated in the neuroimaging analyses are potential mediators between ACEs and an adult psychiatric diagnosis.
A privacy-preserving publicly verifiable quantum random number generator
Authors: Islam Tanvirul , Banerji Anindya , Boon Chin Jia , Rui Wang , Reezwana Ayesha , Grieve James A. , Piera Rodrigo , Ling Alexander
Published: December 2023

Verifying the quality of a random number generator involves performing computationally intensive statistical tests on large data sets commonly in the range of gigabytes. Limitations on computing power can restrict an end-user's ability to perform such verification. There are also random number-based applications where the user needs to publicly demonstrate that the random bits they are using pass the statistical tests without the bits being revealed. Here, we report the implementation of an entanglement-based protocol that allows a third party to publicly perform statistical tests without compromising the privacy of the random bits.
Causal association between erectile dysfunction with urate levels and gout: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Authors: Gao Qingqiang , Zhu Leilei , Pan Chunyan , Wang Yunrui , Zhang Zhijian , Zhang Jian
Published: December 2023

Background
A plethora of studies have demonstrated that the level of uric acid (UA) and gout are the risk factors for erectile dysfunction (ED). However, the causal effect of UA level and gout on ED is still unclear.
Objectives
This Mendelian randomization (MR) study aims to examine the bidirectional causality between ED and UA levels as well as gout.
Materials and methods
We performed a bidirectional MR analysis using summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to investigate the causal association between ED and UA levels as well as gout. We meticulously selected single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) based on rigorous criteria as instrumental variables. Four two-sample MR analysis methods, including inverse-variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and weighted mode, were applied in our study. Furthermore, several sensitivity analyses including Cochrane's Q-test, MR-Egger intercept test, MR-PRESSO global test, and leave-one-out analysis were performed to assess heterogeneity, horizontal pleiotropy, and stability.
Results
The study included one dataset related to UA levels (GWAS meta-analysis conducted by Tin et al.), two datasets related to gout (ukb-b-12765 and finn-R9-M13_GOUT), and one dataset related to ED (GWAS meta-analysis conducted by Bovijn et al.). MR results of the IVW method indicated that UA levels and gout were not causally associated with ED in three UA levels/gout-related datasets (IVW, odds ratio [OR]: 0.99, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.92 − 1.07, P = 0.834; 3.20, 0.17–61.69, 0.441; 1.03, 0.97–1.09, 0.372, respectively). The reverse MR revealed no evidence of a causal effect of ED on UA levels or gout according to the IVW method (OR: 0.99, 95%CI: 0.96–1.02, P: 0,568; 1.00, 1.00–1.00, 0.555; 0.97, 0.89–1.05, 0.425, respectively). The results of other MR analysis methods were consistent with IVW. Furthermore, sensitivity analysis suggested that the results were robust, with no pleiotropy or heterogeneity detected.
Conclusion
Our MR study supports no bidirectional causal effect of UA level or gout on ED.
Improved coloration efficiency and stability of WO3 electrochromic devices by the addition of silver nanowires
Authors: An Dong-Kun , Jeon Seog-Jin
Published: December 2023

WO3 is one of the most studied electrochromic materials due to its high coloration efficiency, strong cycling stability, and low price. Those advantages make WO3 ECD attractive to applications needing optical modulation, including smart windows and smart glasses. However, due to market demands for reduced manufacturing and operating costs, demands for improved coloration efficiency and long-term stability have been continuously raised. In this study, we attempted to improve the contact between WO3 nanoparticles and Li ions and electrons by forming a nanocomposite electrochromic layer of WO3 nanoparticles and silver nanowires. It was confirmed that this not only improves optical modulation and coloration efficiency but also improves long-term stability. WO3 electrochromic devices with improved coloration efficiency and long-term stability are expected to improve the performance of existing smart windows and smart glasses and be applicable to new applications such as virtual reality glasses.
The Impact of Different Combinations of Organic Fertilizers on Residual Soil and Potted Plants in Alpine Mining Areas, West China
Authors: Jin Liqun , Li Xilai , Sun Huafang , Zhang Jing , Wu Jinrong , Jay Gao
Published: December 2023

This study addresses how to overcome the challenges facing ecological restoration and vegetation recovery in alpine mining areas via indoor controlled pot experiments. The soil layer was recon-structed using a mixture of granular organic fertilizer, sheep manure, and mining slag, and manually sowed with a mixture of five types of grass seeds after potting to assess the impact of dosage of granular organic fertilizer and ratios of sheep manure to mining slag. Results indicate that the dosage of granular organic fertilizer significantly impacted plant characteristics, soil available nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and pH (P < 0.01), and show significantly positive correlation with the number of dead seedlings. Sheep manure significantly affects soil available phosphorus and bulk density (P < 0.01). The highest grass density and biomass occurred with zero organic fertilizer dosage and a volume ratio of 1:3 between sheep manure and soil (M1S4), indicating that sheep manure effectively enhances seedling emergence. The dosage in the potted experiments is approximately six times higher than that in the alpine mining field. A dosage of granular organic fertilizer exceeding 1.5 kg/m²results in seedling mortality. Therefore, the dosage of granular organic fertilizer in restoration in alpine mining areas should not exceed 9 kg/m².
Open Communication between Patients and Relatives about Illness & Death in Advanced Cancer – Results of the eQuiPe Study
Authors: Haaksman Michelle , Ham Laurien , Brom Linda , Baars Arnold , Basten Jean-Paul van , Borne Ben E. E. M. van den , Hendriks Mathijs P. , de Jong Wouter K. , Laarhoven Hanneke W. M. van , Lindert Anne S. R. van , Mandigers Caroline M. P. W. , Padt-Pruijsten Annemieke van der , Smilde Tineke J. , Zuylen Lia C. van , Vliet Liesbeth M. van , Raijmakers Natasja
Published: December 2023

Objective
To assess the degree of openness of communication about illness and death between patients with advanced cancer and their relatives during the last three months of the patient’s life, and its association with relatives’ characteristics and bereavement distress.
Methods
We used data from bereaved relatives of patients with advanced cancer from the prospective, longitudinal, multicenter, observational eQuipe study. Univariate and multivariable linear regression analyses were used to assess the association between the degree of openness of communication (measured using the validated Caregivers’ Communication with patients about Illness and Death scale), the a priori defined characteristics of the relatives, and the degree of bereavement distress (measured using the Impact of Event Scale).
Results
A total of 160 bereaved relatives were included in the analysis. The average degree of open communication about illness and death between patients with advanced cancer and their relatives was 3.86 on a scale of 1 to 5 (SE = 0.08), A higher degree of open communication was associated with a lower degree of bereavement distress (p = 0.003). No associations were found between the degree of open communication and the relatives’ age (p = 0.745), gender (p = 0.196), level of education (p > 0.773), (religious) worldview (p = 0.435), type of relationship with the patient (p > 0.548), or level of emotional functioning before the patient’s death (p = 0.075).
Conclusions
Open communication about illness and death between patients and relatives seems to be important, as it is associated with a lower degree of bereavement distress. Healthcare professionals can play an important role in encouraging the dialogue. However, it is important to keep in mind that some people not feel comfortable talking about illness and death.
Time to Positivity of Blood Cultures in a Level IV NICU Varies Based on Organism Category and Population Subgroups: Is a 36-hour rule out safe?
Authors: Nishihara Yo , MacBrayne Christine , Prinzi Andrea , Pearce Kelly , Melara Diane , Weikel Blair , Zenge Jeanne , Grover Theresa , Parker Sarah
Published: December 2023

Background:
Antibiotics are frequently prescribed in the NICU, with increasing concern for antimicrobial resistance. Time to positivity (TTP) of positive cultures can support earlier antimicrobial cessation.
Methods:
Retrospective cohort study all positive blood cultures at a Level IV NICU. TTP calculated from date/time collection to when first growth was reported.
Results:
Of 309 positive cultures from 268 infants, median TTP [IQR] was 21.1 [14.3, 25.2] hours, with 91.2% positive at 36 hours, and 96.1% positive at 48 hours. 77 gram positive pathogens (24.9%), 60 gram negative pathogens (19.4%), and 169 gram positive commensals identified, with 124 (40.1%) considered a contaminant. Sub-group analysis identified different organism characteristics. Death within 4 weeks of positivity recorded in 9.5%.
Conclusion:
Majority of gram positive and negative pathogens were identified within 36h of blood culture collection. When antimicrobials are started for concern for bacteremia, 36 hours may be sufficient in a Level IV NICU population.
Comparison of statistical low-frequency earthquake activity models
Authors: Nishikawa Tomoaki
Published: December 2023

Slow earthquakes are slow fault slip events. Quantifying and monitoring slow earthquake activity characteristics are important because they may change before large earthquakes occur. Statistical seismicity models are useful for quantifying seismicity characteristics. However, no standard statistical model exists for slow earthquake activity. This study used a high-quality catalog of low-frequency earthquakes (LFEs), a type of slow earthquake, in the Nankai subduction zone from April 2004 to August 2015 and conducted the first comparison of existing statistical LFE activity models to determine which model better describes LFE activity. Based on this comparison, this study proposes a new hybrid model that incorporates existing model features. The new model considers the LFE activity history in a manner similar to the epidemic-type aftershock sequence (ETAS) model and represents the LFE aftershock rate (subsequent LFE occurrence rate) with a small number of model parameters, as in the Omori–Utsu aftershock law for fast earthquakes. The results show that the proposed model outperforms other existing models. However, the new model cannot reproduce a feature of LFE activity: the sudden cessation of intense LFE bursts. This is because the new model superimposes multiple aftershock activities and predicts extremely high seismicity rates during and after the LFE bursts. I suggest that reproducing and successfully predicting the sudden cessation of intense LFE bursts is critical for the further improvement of statistical LFE activity models. In addition, the empirical equations formulated in this study for the LFE aftershock rates may be useful for future statistical and physical modeling of LFE activity.
Effects of Long-term Microgravity Exposure on Liver Activity and the Gut Microbiota as well as on Gut-liver Axis Homeostasis in the Hindlimb Suspension Rat Model
Authors: Chen Pu , Chen Junli , Xu Nan , Wang Weiran , Hou Lingwei , Sun Bowen , Lan Haiyun , Liu Wei , Shen Qibing , Yu Yanbo , Zang Peng
Published: December 2023

Background:Recent advances in understanding gut‒liver axis homeostasis have been made because of its promising beneficial effects on health maintenance and performance promotion. However, we still have little knowledge about the effects of long-term microgravity exposure on the gut-liver axis or about effective countermeasures to prevent disruptions in gut-liver axis homeostasis. Hence, we conducted a well-controlled study to determine the effects of long-term microgravity exposure on liver activity and the gut microbiota and on gut-liver axis homeostasis via a hindlimb suspension rat model.
Results: Interestingly, long-term microgravity exposure increased lipid deposition, oxidative stress and inflammation in the liver; increased proportions of enteric opportunistic pathogens; and disrupted intestinal barrier integrity, paralleling the dysregulation of gut-liver axis homeostasis, which especially underlined portal influx of secondary bile acid (mainly ursodeoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid). Notably, metabolites derived from the liver were strongly correlated with those from the colon, and the gut microbiota played a vital role in the cometabolism pathways of aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis, vitamin B6 metabolism, alanine, and aspartate and glutamate metabolism, which may emphasize the critical role of microbial homeostasis in maintaining hepatic synthesis and metabolism of amino acids upon microgravity.
Conclusions: Taken together, our findings suggest that gut-liver axis disturbances resulting fromlong-term microgravity exposure should receive additional attention in further studies of manned space.
Global change in cloud radiative effect revealed in CERES observations
Authors: Song Hyebin , Choi Yong-Sang , Kang Hyoji
Published: December 2023

This study uses data from the Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System (CERES) to examine global changes in cloud radiative effect (CRE) for 2001–2022. Results show that the 22-year changes in shortwave (SW) CRE are generally opposite to those of longwave (LW) CRE, which shows that the change in net CRE is relatively weakened due to the offset of these two variables. However, significant changes in net CRE are found in some regions. Over the Arctic, the net CRE decreased by –0.8 W m⁻²/decade due to surface darkening caused by loss of snow and ice that outweighed the increase in cloud fraction (SW cooling effect of clouds intensified). Over the northeastern Pacific and northwestern Atlantic Oceans, strong increases in SW CRE occurred with decreasing cloud fraction. However, this did not lead to a significant change in the entire northern hemispheric mid-latitudes because it was offset by the decreased SW and LW CREs over China. Over the Tropics, the net CRE decreased slightly, by –0.1 W m⁻²/decade, due to the dominant decrease in LW CRE at 0–10° N in association with the decreasing cloud fraction and increasing water vapor (decreased LW warming effect of clouds). Over the southwestern Indian Ocean and southern Atlantic Ocean, the net CRE increased due to the decreasing cloud fraction (weakened SW cooling effect of clouds). These multi-decadal changes in CREs are not well-simulated in the current climate models, which may limit the accuracy of regional climate predictions.
« Figure it out on your own »: a mixed-method study on pelvic health survivorship care after gynecologic cancer treatments
Authors: Bernard Stéphanie , Wiebe Ericka , Waters Alexandra , Selmani Sabrina , Turner Jill , Dufour Sinéad , Tandon Puneeta , Pepin Donna , McNeely Margaret L.
Published: December 2023

Purpose. Pelvic health issues after treatment for gynecological cancer are common. Due to challenges in accessing physiotherapy services, exploring virtual pelvic healthcare is essential. This study aims to understand needs, preferences, barriers, and facilitators for a virtual pelvic healthcare program for gynecological cancer survivors.
Methods. A multi-center, sequential mixed-methods study was conducted. An anonymous online survey (N=50) gathered quantitative data on pelvic health knowledge, opportunities, and motivation. Focus groups (N=14) explored patient experiences and consensus on pelvic health interventions and virtual delivery. Quantitative data used descriptive statistics and focus group analyses employed inductive thematic analysis. Findings were mapped to the Capability, Opportunity and Motivation (COM-B) behavior change model.
Results. Participants reported lacking knowledge about pelvic health interventions and capability related to the use of vaginal dilators and continence care. Barriers to opportunity included lack of healthcare provider initiated pelvic health discussions, limited time in clinic with healthcare providers, finding reliable information, and cost of physical therapy pelvic health services. Virtual delivery was seen favorably and may help to address motivational barriers related to embarrassment and frustration with care.
Conclusion. Awareness of pelvic healthcare is lacking among people treated for gynecological cancer. Virtual delivery of pelvic health interventions is perceived as a solution to enhance access while minimizing travel, cost, embarrassment, and exposure risks.
Implications for cancer survivors. A better understanding of the pelvic health needs of individuals following gynecological cancer treatments enables the development of tailored virtual pelvic floor rehabilitation interventions which may improve access to pelvic health survivorship care.
Implementation of a Population Mental Health and Wellness Text-Message Service: A mixed-methods study
Authors: Risling Tracie , Kassam Iman , Shin Hwayeon Danielle , Carlberg Courtney , Moss Tyler , Chen Sheng , Ma Clement , Strudwick Gillian
Published: December 2023

Background: Despite the growing adoption of digital health tools as a means to support mental health, many individuals remain unaware of the variety of mental health resources available to them through this format. In an effort to address this knowledge gap and better support population mental health, this study advanced the design, development, and implementation of a text-based service, SaskWell, to raise awareness of evidence based mental health resources and create more immediate connections to these tools. The purpose of this research was to assess, understand, and describe the adoption of text-based support in this mental health context, focusing on acceptability, satisfaction, and potential benefits for users of the intervention. The two primary objectives of the study were to assess and evaluate the adoption of SaskWell by focusing on user acceptance, satisfaction, and perceived benefit, and to identify factors which contributed to user engagement with the SaskWell text-based service. Both quantitative and qualitative data contributed to the final study results.Results: This study utilized a co-designed text-messaging service to provide residents of Saskatchewan an important connection to digital mental health and wellness resources during the height of the COVID-19 pandemic. Using the RE-AIM framework as an implementation guide, four distinct cycles of SaskWell were delivered with modifications to the service in each subsequent cycle based on user engagement, feedback, and the direction of a community advisory group.Conclusions: Both the user engagement survey and the qualitative data supported the worth of ongoing efforts to refine and extend the use of text messaging as a means to engage citizens around the awareness and use of digital mental health and wellness resources. As the pandemic has receded into the background for many as a feature of their daily lives, for healthcare providers, and others who continue to be impacted more heavily by the persistent challenges of this event, this type of service may continue to be timely.
Exercise Therapy for Low Back Pain in the last Decade: A Bibliometric and Visualization Analysis using CiteSpace
Authors: Wang Yu , Zhang Hongli , Chen Borui , Zhu Haoming , Yang Zhengyu , Jin Jing , Liu Haichao , Lin Jianping , Wang Shizhong , Chen Shaoqing
Published: December 2023

Objective: To undertake a bibliometric analysis of research on exercise therapy for low-back pain (LBP) from 2012 to 2022.
Methods: The literature related to exercise therapy for LBP published in 2012–2022 was obtained from the Web of Science Core Collection database. CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to draw visual knowledge maps and analyze: publications, countries, and institutions; cited journals, authors, and cited authors; references; keywords; keywords with strongest citation bursts.
Results: A total of 1557 publications were included in the analysis. During the study period, the overall trend of the number of publications in this field was increasing. The USA and University of Sydney was the most productive and influential country and institution, respectively. BMC Musculoskeletal Disease, with the most articles published, was the major journal for research on using exercise therapy for LBP in the past decade. Spine was the most cited journal. Rehabilitation was the most popular subject. Costa et al, Hayden and colleagues, and Hides and collaborators were active in this field. Keywords with the strongest citation bursts were “chronic musculoskeletal pain”, “patient education”, “muscle activity”, and “individual”.
Conclusions: Research on exercise therapy for LBP has continued to increase in the last decade. This analysis of the research in this field can promote research into exercise therapy; help to find a better exercise program; aid exploration of the therapeutic mechanism of exercise therapy; help researchers find better partners, master the latest and hottest topics, and track the development trends in this field.