bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Spatial-Contextual Indoor Trajectory Prediction Approach via Hidden Markov Models
Authors: Wang Peng , Yang Jing , Zhang Jianpei
Published: January 2022

Unlike outdoor trajectory prediction that has been studied many years, predicting the movement of a large number of users in indoor space like shopping mall has just been a hot and challenging issue due to the ubiquitous emerging of mobile devices and free Wi-Fi services in shopping centers in recent years. Aimed at solving the indoor trajectory prediction problem, in this paper, a hybrid method based on Hidden Markov approach is proposed. The proposed approach clusters Wi-Fi access points according to their similarities first; then, a frequent subtrajectory based HMM which captures the moving patterns of users has been investigated. In addition, we assume that a customer’s visiting history has certain patterns; thus, we integrate trajectory prediction with shop category prediction into a unified framework which further improves the predicting ability. Comprehensive performance evaluation using a large-scale real dataset collected between September 2012 and October 2013 from over 120,000 anonymized, opt-in consumers in a large shopping center in Sydney was conducted; the experimental results show that the proposed method outperforms the traditional HMM and perform well enough to be usable in practice.
Multidimensional Vibrations of Cable-Harnessed Beam Structures with Periodic Pattern: Modeling and Experiment
Authors: Yerrapragada Karthik , Agrawal Pranav , Salehian Armaghan
Published: January 2022

The dynamics of space structures is significantly impacted by the presence of power and electronic cables. Robust physical model is essential to investigate how the host structure dynamics is influenced by cable harnessing. All the developed models only considered the decoupled bending motion. Initial studies by authors point out the importance of coordinate coupling in structures with straight longitudinal cable patterns. In this article, an experimentally validated mathematical model is developed to analyze the fully coupled dynamics of beam with a more complex cable wrapping pattern which is periodic in nature. The effects of cable wrapping pattern and geometry on the system dynamics are investigated through the proposed coupled model. Homogenization-based mathematical modeling is developed to obtain an analogous solid beam that represents the cable wrapped system. The energy expressions obtained for fundamental repeating segment are transferred into the global coordinates consisting of several periodic elements. The coupled partial differential equations (PDE) are obtained for an analogous solid structure. The advantage of the proposed analytical model over the existing models to analyze the vibratory motion of beam with complex cable wrapping pattern has been shown through experimental validation.
Alpha-Fetoprotein Ratio Predicts Alpha-Fetoprotein Positive Hepatocellular Cancer Patient Prognosis after Hepatectomy
Authors: Sun Li-Yue , Cen Wen-Jian , Tang Wen-Ting , Deng Ling , Wang Fang , Ji Xiao-Meng , Yang Jiao-Jiao , Zhang Ren-Jing , Zhang Xu-Hui , Du Zi-Ming
Published: January 2022

Background. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) ratio on the prognosis of AFP-positive hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients after hepatectomy. Methods. We retrospectively included 879 HCC patients with AFP-positive who underwent hepatectomy from February 2012 to October 2017 and randomly divided into training cohort and validation cohort. AFP ratio was equal to the AFP level within one week before hepatectomy to AFP level within 20-40 days after surgery. The end point of follow-up was disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Results. AFP ratio was not associated with clinical characteristics in training cohort and validation cohort. According to the X-tile software, the optimum cut-off point was 17.8 for AFP ratio. Significant differences between AFP ratio high and AFP ratio low were observed in DFS and OS in both cohort (

p
<
0.05

). Kaplan-Meier curves and receiver-operating curves were showed that AFP ratio was better than AFP level preoperation in predicting the prognosis of AFP-positive HCC patients after hepatectomy. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that AFP ratio was a significant independent risk factor for both OS and DFS in HCC patients with AFP-positive. Conclusions. AFP ratio might be a prognosis predictor for HCC patients with AFP-positive after hepatectomy.
Effect of Ball Milling Time on the Performance of Phosphorous Building Gypsum
Authors: Wu Lei , Tao Zhong , Zhao Zhi-man , Ghafar Wahab Abdul , Tao Yan , Liao Shixiong , Zhang Yi
Published: January 2022

The use of phosphogypsum to prepare phosphorus building gypsum (PBG) is of great value to the resource utilization of phosphogypsum. In this study, PBG was ball‐milled to obtain phosphorus building gypsum with good performance, which can meet the requirements of the Chinese standards for first‐class building gypsum. Meanwhile, the changes of net slurry physical properties, mechanical properties, and particle size parameters of PBG under different treatment times were analyzed. With the increase of ball milling time, the particle size of PBG decreased rapidly and then stabilized, and the specific surface area gradually increased and then started to rise back. Ball milling can significantly reduce the standard consistency water requirement of phosphogypsum, resulting in a shorter setting time and higher strength of phosphogypsum. In the fixed water consumption test, the effect of ball milling time on the performance of phosphogypsum was small. Compared with sieving, washing, aging, and other means of PBG treatment, ball milling has the advantages of simplicity, environmental protection, and low cost, and it has some practical significance in production.
Simvastatin Improves Myocardial Ischemia Reperfusion Injury through KLF-Regulated Alleviation of Inflammation
Authors: Wei Tingju , Li Jun , Fu Guowei , Zhao Hui , Huang Chen , Zhu Xiaohua , Huang Gongcheng , Xu Jing
Published: January 2022

Objective. To clarify the protective effect of simvastatin on myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury (MIRI) and the underlying mechanism. Materials and Methods. The MIRI model in rats was firstly constructed. Twenty-four male rats were randomly assigned into the sham group, ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) group, and simvastatin group, with 8 rats in each group. Contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as serum levels of CK and inflammatory factors, in rats were determined by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the three groups was examined. Through flow cytometry and Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, apoptosis and viability in each group were detected, respectively. Relative levels of HMGB1, Kruppel-like factor 2 (KLF2), eNOS, and thrombomodulin (TM) were finally determined. Results. Simvastatin treatment markedly enhanced SOD activity and reduced contents of MDA, LDH, and creatine kinase (CK) in MIRI rats. The increased apoptosis and decreased viability following MIRI were partially reversed by simvastatin treatment. Besides, MIRI resulted in the upregulation of inflammatory factors and chemokines. Their elevations were abolished by simvastatin. In MIRI rats, simvastatin upregulated KLF2 and p-eNOS. Conclusions. Simvastatin protects inflammatory response at post-MIRI through upregulating KLF2, thus improving cardiac function.
Modelling, Simulation, and Implementation of Effective Controller for KY Stepping Up Converter
Authors: Kumar K. Ramash , Anandhi T. S. , Vijayakrishna B. , Balakumar S.
Published: January 2022

This paper studies on a new Hybrid Posicast Control (HPC) for Fundamental KY Boost Converter (FKYBC) worked in Continuous Current Mode (CCM). Posicast is a feed-forward compensator. It reduces the overshoot in the step result of the flippantly damped plant. But the conventional controller approach is sensitive owing to the changes in the natural frequency. So, as to reduce this undesirable sensitivity and load potential control of FKYBC, a HPC is designed in this article. Structure of HPC is posicast with feedback loop. The independent computational time delay is the main design function of the posicast. The enactment of the FKYBC with HPC is confirmed at various operating regions by making the MATLAB/Simulink and experimental model. The posicast function values are implemented in Arduino Uno-ATmega328P microcontroller. The results of new HPC have produced minimal noise in control signal in comparison with traditional PID control.
C-Reactive Protein Knockout Attenuates Temporomandibular Joint Inflammation in Rats
Authors: He Yao , Zhou Mengjiao , Jian Zixiang , Fang Lingli , Huang Lan , Song Jinlin
Published: January 2022

Background. C-reactive protein (CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, is highly expressed in osteoarthritis- (OA-) related diseases, but its exact role remains unknown. In this study, we evaluated the biological effect of CRP on temporomandibular joint (TMJ) inflammation. Methods. Freund’s complete adjuvant (CFA) was used to induce TMJ inflammation in CRP-knockout (CRP-/-) and control rats. Degenerative changes in the TMJ were compared to elucidate the role of CRP in TMJ inflammation. In addition, inflammatory cytokines, macrophage activation, and osteoclast differentiation were evaluated by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry, and tartrate-resistant phosphatase staining to explore the potential regulatory mechanism. Results. Compared to the control, CFA induced TMJ inflammation, which increased systemic and local CRP expression. Furthermore, CRP-/- rats exhibited less severe inflammatory symptoms. The downregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin- (IL-) 1β and IL-6) and upregulation of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 were detected in CRP-/- rats, which also exhibited reduced macrophage activation and osteoclast differentiation. Conclusion. These results indicated that controlling the highly elevated levels of CRP during inflammation could modify the cytokine profile, macrophage activation, and osteoclast differentiation, thus, providing beneficial effects for TMJ-OA prevention and treatment.
Atrial Fibrillation Caused by Intractable Hiccups: A Unique Cause and Cure
Authors: Arnold Joshua H. , Brandon Neil
Published: January 2022

We present the case of a 61-year-old male who developed persistent hiccups concurrently with the onset of atrial fibrillation (AF). The hiccups were refractory to traditional treatment but resolved immediately upon electrical cardioversion (ECV) to normal sinus rhythm (NSR). The patient has remained in NSR and free of hiccups. The potential etiologies for hiccups are numerous and varied, and the management of persistent hiccups can be difficult. Cardiac associations including myocardial infarction and pericarditis have been described, while few cases of first-time onset of atrial fibrillation leading to hiccups have been documented. This case discusses a unique instance demonstrating a connection between hiccups and cardiac pathology and an overview of its management.
Abstract IA-22: A multilevel framework for reducing cancer risk in diverse Asian American populations
Authors: Fang Carolyn Y.
Published: January 2022

Asian Americans are the fastest-growing racial group in the United States (US). The Asian American population is also diverse and heterogeneous with respect to language, culture, country of origin, preventive-health orientation, and other characteristics. The practice of presenting aggregated data on cancer incidence and mortality in Asian Americans obscures important health differences as some Asian American subgroups experience higher rates of cancer – such as liver, uterine cervix, and stomach cancers – than other racial/ethnic groups. Despite this elevated risk, many Asian American subgroups have lower cancer screening rates compared with other populations. Low screening rates have been attributed to a number of factors including psychosocial beliefs and barriers to healthcare access; and despite considerable effort over the past decades, screening rates remain well below national goals. In this presentation, we will illustrate the application of a multilevel framework to address individual-, interpersonal-, and community-level factors contributing to uptake of cancer screening and prevention behaviors in several US Asian subgroups. Examples from recent research will be presented to highlight how community-academic partnerships have successfully enhanced cancer screening and prevention behaviors. We will also review ongoing challenges and discuss new opportunities for promoting a greater focus across and within diverse Asian American populations. Engaging multiple stakeholders in the planning process can lead to effective and sustainable programs that result in increased participation among underserved and underrepresented individuals. Together, these strategies may help reduce inequities and improve outcomes across our diverse communities.

Citation Format: Carolyn Y. Fang. A multilevel framework for reducing cancer risk in diverse Asian American populations [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr IA-22.
Abstract PO-063: Medical students' knowledge and comfort in participating in cancer prevention for LGBTQ+ patients
Authors: Quinn Gwendolyn P. , Tamargo Christina , Murphy Devin , Sutter Megan , Fein Lydia , Ferrari Fabio , Sampson Amani , Charifosn Mia , Schabath Matthew B.
Published: January 2022

Background: The majority of US medical schools have a required curriculum related to the care of LGBTQ+ people, which varies in length and content across schools. All medical specialties and sub-specialties have a component of need for cancer care; either in prevention, treatment, or care planning. As such, it is imperative that medical trainees receive relevant training in the care of LGBTQ+ populations, a community experiencing significant cancer health disparities. Assessing trainees' knowledge and confidence in providing care is an important aspect of preparing the next generation of physicians. Methods: This abstract reports on survey results from 3 US medical schools (New York University, University of Miami, University of Texas San Antonio) assessing the knowledge, attitudes and comfort in providing care for LGBTQ+ people. The survey was comprised of 54 Likert response (1=strongly disagree; 7=strongly agree) choice questions on: attitudes (30), knowledge (10), student demographics (13) and desire for additional LGBTQ+ education (1). Results were analyzed using descriptive and quantitative analyses. Results: A total of 360 medical students completed the survey and analyses revealed the majority of students had positive attitudes towards caring for LGBTQ+ patients, but lacked comfort in providing care for transgender/non binary patients (TNB) in general (p=0.05); specific cancer prevention care for TNB (p< 0.01); reproductive care for TNB (p< 0.01) and sexual heath (p=0.01). There was a significant correlation between high knowledge scores and comfort in asking a patient's pronouns (p<0.01). More than 80% felt comfortable discussing cancer prevention care with LGB patients and 75% believed it was important to know the sexual orientation of patient to provide the best care. Eighty percent agreed there should be mandatory LGBTQ+ education in medical school. As in our prior studies, total knowledge scores did not correlate with attitudes. Conclusions: Medical students feel comfortable and willing to provide cancer prevention care for LGB patients but may need more education and training in the unique needs of TNB patients. Medical schools should consider specific education in cancer prevention and treatment for TNB populations.

Citation Format: Gwendolyn P. Quinn, Christina Tamargo, Devin Murphy, Megan Sutter, Lydia Fein, Fabio Ferrari, Amani Sampson, Mia Charifosn, Matthew B. Schabath. Medical students' knowledge and comfort in participating in cancer prevention for LGBTQ+ patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-063.
Abstract PO-122: Palliative care for 317 cancer patients with COVID-19 in a major public hospital in South America
Authors: Correa Tulio L. , Sobreira Joyce V.B. , Simão Áurea M.S. , Anbar Fernanda B. , Yarshell Flavia , de Carvalho Ricardo T.
Published: January 2022

Background: Cancer patients are at higher risk of developing severe COVID-19 and worse virus-related outcomes. In addition, low- and middle-income countries may be even more impacted by COVID-19, and not offer appropriate end-of-life support to many patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the palliative care offered to cancer patients with COVID-19 in a major referral hospital in South America. Methods: Descriptive and retrospective study in Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo, Brazil. This hospital is considered one of the major referral and public hospitals in South America. Medical records of adult cancer patients admitted for COVID-19 were reviewed. Patients were screened for the need for palliative care through Supportive and Palliative Care Indicators Tool (SPICT). Data was analyzed using Stata 14. Results: The sample was composed of 317 Latino patients, of which 155 (48.9%) were male and 162 (51.1%) were female. Median [IQR] age was 68 [56-81] years old. In addition, 119 (37.5%) were admitted to the wards, 110 (34.7%) to the emergency room, and 88 (27.8%) to the intensive care unit. Patients admitted to the wards were more likely to receive palliative care (46.7% vs. 32.9%; p=0.016). A total of 107 (33.7%) patients had access to palliative care. Regarding SPICT criteria, 260 (82.0%) were at risk of deteriorating and dying. Of the patients who met SPICT criteria, 98 (37.7%) had access to palliative care during hospitalization. Regarding outcomes; 155 patients (48.9%) died, 128 (40.4%) were discharged, and 34 (10.7%) were transferred to another unit. Of the patients who died, 72 (46.5%) did not have access to palliative care. Conclusions: In our study, there was a high mortality rate in Latino cancer patients with COVID-19, although a considerable percentage of them did not have access to palliative care before dying. It is important to give further attention to the end-of-life support offered to cancer patients with COVID-19, especially in underserved communities and among racial/ethnic minorities.

Citation Format: Tulio L. Correa, Joyce V.B. Sobreira, Áurea M.S. Simão, Fernanda B. Anbar, Flavia Yarshell, Ricardo T. de Carvalho. Palliative care for 317 cancer patients with COVID-19 in a major public hospital in South America [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-122.
Abstract PO-151: Prognostic relevance of ZNF668 expression in clear cell renal carcinoma: Implications for patients of African Ancestry
Authors: Reams R. Renee , Heyliger Simone O. , Saulsbury Marilyn
Published: January 2022

Although the incidence of clear cell renal carcinoma (ccRCC) is higher in Whites, a recent report suggests Blacks suffer worst outcomes relative to White ccRCC patients. These observations underscore the need to determine the molecular basis for survival disparity among Blacks and Whites in clear cell renal carcinoma patients. Since higher stage/grade ccRCC is uniformly lethal, it is imperative that biomarkers and candidate genes be found that can identify patients at greater risk of progressing to advanced stage/grade, drug-resistant clear cell renal carcinoma, as well as that, can point to the drivers of ccRCC progression in different demographic groups. Using KIRC (clear cell renal carcinoma) TCGA dataset, we have observed that ZNF668, a KRAB zinc-finger transcription factor, is significantly overexpressed in ccRCC (p=1.62E-12). Moreover, ZNF668 transcripts were significantly elevated in higher stages and grades (p<.001). Higher ZNF668 transcripts levels were also correlated with metastasis (p<0.01) and were associated with the more aggressive ccB phenotype (p<0.001). Overexpression was also associated with more unsatisfactory overall patient survival (p<.001; HR = 1.76 (1.3 − 2.37) with a median survival of 66 months for the high expression group compared to 120 months for the low expression. In addition, we observed that Blacks exhibited higher expression of ZNF668 transcripts relative to Whites (p=2.22E-04). Taken collectively, data suggests that higher levels of ZNF668 is associated with cancer progression and more aggressive ccRCC subtypes. Moreover, ZNF668 behaves in a manner that indicates that it is a negative prognostic marker and a possible oncogene in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Lastly, higher expression in Blacks suggests this population may be particularly at risk for developing more aggressive forms of ccRCC.

Citation Format: R. Renee Reams, Simone O. Heyliger, Marilyn Saulsbury. Prognostic relevance of ZNF668 expression in clear cell renal carcinoma: Implications for patients of African Ancestry [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-151.
Abstract PO-153: ANPEP: A potential regulator of tumor-immune metabolic interactions in African American men with prostate cancer
Authors: El-Kenawi Asmaa E. , Awasthi Shivanshu , Serna Amparo N. , Dhillon Jasreman , Yamoah Kosj
Published: January 2022

In prostate cancer (PCa), lack of TMPRSS2-ETS gene fusion (ETSnegative) has been a hallmark of tumor in African American (AA) as compared with European American (EA) men. To elucidate biologic features associated with ETSnegative PCa in AA men, we identified aminopeptidase N (ANPEP) as ETS-regulated gene with preferential overexpression in AA. Aminopeptidase N is involved in endocytosis, cholesterol, amino acid transport and peptide hydrolysis. In the current work, we sought to investigate the role of ANPEP in a PCa development and exploit its role in PCa metabolism as a therapeutic vulnerability, particularly in AA tumors. Methods To understand the role of ANPEP in PCa progression and therapeutic vulnerability, we determined the expression of ANPEP in different component of tumor microenvironment. We also developed a consumption and release metabolomic platform to assess the impact of ANPEP on transport of cholesterol, fatty acids and a number of relevant amino acids. Additionally, we assessed the availability of these metabolites and their end products in plasma samples of PCa patients. Results Using publicly available datasets, we showed that prostate tumors form AA men harbor the highest expression of ANPEP as compared with other groups. Using further data mining and experimental approaches, we found that aminopeptidase N is predominantly expressed on macrophages compared with prostate tumor cells, T cell, B cells, neutrophils and dendritic cells. Expression of ANPEP predominantly correlated with various amino acid transporters which also tend to be differentially expressed by ETS status. We have successfully developed a metabolomics-based approach to assess the consumption of more than 15 metabolites in prostate cancer cells and patient derived explants. Conclusion We have identified ANPEP as a macrophage-related gene with a potential role in tumor metabolism. Future work will focus on investigating functional role of ANPEP in the tumor immune microenvironment using our unique metabolic consumption/release assay in explants derived from AA and EA prostate cancer patients.

Citation Format: Asmaa E. El-Kenawi, Shivanshu Awasthi, Amparo N. Serna, Jasreman Dhillon, Kosj Yamoah. ANPEP: A potential regulator of tumor-immune metabolic interactions in African American men with prostate cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-153.
Abstract PO-157: Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide (CARP) increases stemness of colorectal cancer cells
Authors: Mei Leo , Mao Jinghe
Published: January 2022

Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide (CARP) is one of the five alternative splicing products of the doublecortin-like kinase 1 (DCLK1) gene, which is a specific marker for cancer stem cells in multiple cancers. Up-regulation of DCLK1 is correlated with progression and poor prognosis of malignant cancers, but the role of individual DCLK1 isoforms during tumorigenesis is unclear. CARP was reported to play an important role in the hippocampus and in the facilitation of apoptosis in granule cells of the rat dentate gyrus. Here we aimed to reveal the effects of CARP on the stemness of cancer cells. In order to achieve our goal, isogenic CARP over-expressing cells were established using HCT116 cells, a colorectal cancer cell line. Spheroid formation assay, proliferation assay, and clonogenic capacity assay were applied to assess the effects of CARP on cancer biology. Our results demonstrated that over-expression of CARP increased the number of spheroids, but decreased the proliferation rate in comparison to parental control HCT116 cells. In conclusion, CARP can increase the self-renewal capability of cancer cells under spheroid formation conditions, but can also inhibit cell proliferation under normal cell culture conditions. CARP may be used to develop a therapeutic target for cancer treatment.

Citation Format: Leo Mei, Jinghe Mao. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase-related peptide (CARP) increases stemness of colorectal cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-157.
Abstract PO-165: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors: An NHANES study
Authors: Ezeani Adaora , Agurs-Collins Tanya
Published: January 2022

INTRODUCTION The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components by race and ethnicity in cancer survivors (CS) compared to participants without a self-reported history of cancer with (CD) and without (NCD) a chronic disease diagnosis. METHODS Using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2015 to 2018, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) was evaluated among respondents 50 years and older. MetS criteria was based on the 2005 National Cholesterol Education Program's Adult Treatment Panel III. MetS is diagnosed when three of the following five factors are present: low HDL, elevated triglycerides, elevated blood pressure, impaired fasting glucose, and elevated waist circumference. Weighted data were used to estimate the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, stratified by gender, sex, and race/ethnicity. Chi-square test was used to assess group comparisons respectively. RESULTS Approximately, two thirds of all respondents met the criteria for MetS, of which 37% were Non-Hispanic White (NHW), 30.2% were Non-Hispanic Blacks (NHB), and 25.7% were Hispanic or Mexican Americans (Hisp) (p<0.001). Of the five factors in the MetS criteria, elevated TG (p=0.012), elevated glucose (p=0.009), and elevated blood pressure (p<0.001) were significantly associated with NHW, NHB, and Hisp participants who met the MetS criteria. Among those with MetS, 61.5% of NHW, 68.0% of NHB, and 65.6% of Hisp participants had at least one chronic disease (CD), whereas 22.1% of NHW, 10.9% of NHB, and 9.3% of Hisp were cancer survivors (CS) (p<0.001). Of the CS with MetS, the highest reported cancer was non-melanoma skin cancer (35.2%) in NHW, prostate cancer (39.5%) in NHB, and breast cancer (28.5%) in Hisp (p<0.001). CONCLUSION Due to increasing numbers of CS, comorbidities such as MetS have become a concern for healthcare providers. A better understanding of the association between MetS, its factors, and specific cancer sites can provide insight into providing complete clinical care to CS, especially if there are differences by race or ethnicity.

Citation Format: Adaora Ezeani, Tanya Agurs-Collins. Prevalence of metabolic syndrome among cancer survivors: An NHANES study [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-165.
Abstract PO-180: Synergistic interplay between genetic characteristics of glucose homeostasis and long-term exposure to cigarette smoking in development of African American colorectal cancer
Authors: Jung Su Yon
Published: January 2022

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the leading cause of cancer diagnosis and death in women in the United States and other westernized countries and approximately 90% of new cases and deaths occur in women 50 years old and older. African American (AA) women have the highest CRC incidence and mortality rates among all races/ethnic female groups. Also, CRC is the third most common cancer diagnosis and cause of cancer deaths in AA women. Insulin resistance (IR) or glucose intolerance is a critical biologic mechanism for the development of CRC owing to obesity in postmenopausal women. Whereas IR and excessive adiposity are more prevalent in AA women than in white women, AA women are under-represented in genome-wide studies for systemic regulation of IR and the association with CRC risk. Methods: Having examined 780 genome-wide IR single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) available in the Women's Health Initiative Database for Genotypes and Phenotypes (WHI dbGaP) SNP Health Association Resource (SHARe) among 4,692 AA women, we tested for a causal inference between genetically elevated IR and CRC risk in a Mendelian randomization (MR) framework. Further, by incorporating 35 CRC-associated lifestyle factors, we established a prediction model on the basis of gene–environment interactions to generate risk profiles for CRC with the most influential genetic and lifestyle factors and eventually estimated their combined and joint effects on CRC risk. Results: In the pooled MR analysis, the genetically elevated IR was associated with 9 times increased risk for CRC. By addressing the variation of individual SNPs in CRC risk in the prediction model, we detected 4 fasting glucose–specific SNPs in GCK, PCSK1, and MTNR1B and 4 lifestyles, including smoking, aging, prolonged lifetime exposure to endogenous estrogen, and high fat intake, as the most predictive markers for CRC risk. Our joint test for those risk genotypes and lifestyles with smoking revealed the synergistically increased CRC risk, more substantially in women with longer-term exposure to cigarette smoking. Conclusion: Our findings may improve CRC prediction ability among medically under-represented AA women and highlight genetically informed preventive interventions (e.g., smoking cessation; CRC screening to longer-term smokers) for those women at high risk with risk genotypes and behavioral patterns.

Citation Format: Su Yon Jung. Synergistic interplay between genetic characteristics of glucose homeostasis and long-term exposure to cigarette smoking in development of African American colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-180.
Abstract PO-194: Hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Latinos: A systematic literature review
Authors: Correa Tulio L. , Guelli Mariana S.T.C.
Published: January 2022

Background: Liver cancer is one of the most important cancers in the United States, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is its most common form. In addition, health disparities can impact cancer-related outcomes in racial/ethnic minorities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to conduct a systematic review to analyze the hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Latinos. Methods: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. Papers were selected searching PubMed/Medline, SciELO, and LILACS databases in July 2021 using the search terms [Latin Americans] OR [Latinos] OR [Hispanics] OR [Racial Disparity] AND [Hepatocellular carcinoma]. The inclusion criteria was limited to observational studies published in the last five years that evaluated hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Hispanics/Latinos. The language was restricted to English, Spanish or Portuguese. Results: Among the 179 papers initially identified, 44 were eligible for this review after full texts were read. Although there is a constant evolution in screening, diagnosis, and treatment strategies to improve the prognosis of HCC; racial and ethnic minorities are reported to have higher mortality related to HCC. In the United States, the age-adjusted incidence of HCC in Hispanics has surpassed those of HCC in Asians. From a public health perspective, active hepatitis C and B continue to drive most of the global burden of HCC, and there is a high prevalence of these infections in Latin America. In addition, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the main risk factors for HCC in the USA, followed by alcoholic liver disease, and hepatitis C and B infections. Latin Americans have a higher prevalence of NAFLD, whereas African Americans have a lower prevalence of NAFLD. The exact contribution of genetic and environmental factors on these differences in prevalence has not been determined. While one in five HCC patients in the USA is of Hispanic ethnicity, only 38% meet the criteria for liver transplantation at the time of diagnosis. Acculturation, insurance status, and access to health care may further contribute to the observed HCC disparities among Latinos. Conclusions: The data indicates that HCC disparities in early diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes among Latinos are an important issue and need more attention. We suggest that interventions are necessary to reduce HCC disparities among Latinos in order to improve cancer-related outcomes.

Citation Format: Tulio L. Correa, Mariana S.T.C. Guelli. Hepatocellular carcinoma disparities among Latinos: A systematic literature review [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-194.
Abstract PO-225: Patterns of colorectal cancer screening in the US: Analysis of the 2019 National Health Interview Survey
Authors: Nieves-Jimenez Humberto R. , Bumanlag Isabela M. , Jaoude Joseph Abi , Ludmir Ethan B. , Taniguchi Cullen M.
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in the United States and, while there is growing conscience towards it, screening is still not widely adopted. Methodology: We used data from the 2019 National Health Interview Survey, which is a cross-sectional study that included 31,997 participants. We focused on the colorectal cancer screening module, and particularly on questions related to participants having ever had a colonoscopy (COL) or sigmoidoscopy (SIG). We then performed bivariate and multivariable analyses to assess the association between participants' variables and having had a COL or SIG. Results: In total, 22,025 participants answered the CRC screening module, and 13,383 participants (60.8%) had done a previous COL/SIG. Participants' sex was not associated with differences in the use of COL/SIG for CRC screening (OR=1.0, P=0.89). When assessing race, Hispanics (OR=0.9, P=0.03) and Asians (OR=0.7, P<0.001) had less odds for undergoing COL or SIG compared to Whites. In the education scope, participants with a college degree (63.2%), some college (62.8%), and high school graduates (58.6%) had undergone more COL or SIG than those with no school or incomplete high school (52.2%). Participants born in the U.S. had more COL or SIG performed than those who were not born in the U.S. (63.6% vs. 45.5%, respectively, P<0.05). Moreover, participants who do not have a usual place for healthcare underwent less COL/SIG for CRC screening (OR=0.3, P<0.001). When assessing insurance, participants with a private or military health insurance were at higher odds for having a COL or SIG, as opposed to any public insurance or no insurance at all (OR=0.8, 0.4, respectively; P<0.001 for both). On multivariable analysis, race, education, nativity in the U.S., insurance, and age were all independently associated with differences in the use of COL/SIG. Conclusions: Colonoscopy and sigmoidoscopy are widely used for CRC screening, however, differences in patterns of use still exist among various U.S. populations.

Citation Format: Humberto R. Nieves-Jimenez, Isabela M. Bumanlag, Joseph Abi Jaoude, Ethan B. Ludmir, Cullen M. Taniguchi. Patterns of colorectal cancer screening in the US: Analysis of the 2019 National Health Interview Survey [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Conference: 14th AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2021 Oct 6-8. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2022;31(1 Suppl):Abstract nr PO-225.
Effect of Expanded Hemodialysis with Theranova® in Patients with COVID-19
Authors: Serrano Salazar María Luisa , Portolés Jose , de Valdenebro Recio Maria , Rosado Garcia Silvia , Llópez Carratalá Maria del Rosario , Bernabeu-Andreu Francisco A. , Sánchez-López Antonio J. , López-Sánchez Paula
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Cytokine storm control is the main target for improving severe COVID-19 by using immunosuppressive treatment. Effective renal replacement therapy (RRT) could give us an advantage removing cytokines in patients with RRT requirements superimposed on COVID-19. Methods: This is a prospective observational study in COVID-19 patients who required hemodialysis (HD). Patients were assigned to online hemodiafiltration (OL-HDF) and expanded HD (HDx) according to Brescia group recommendations. We measured several cytokines, β2 microglobulin and albumin levels pre/post-dialysis and on 1st–2nd week. We compared levels among both techniques and control group (HD without COVID-19). Results: We included 26 patients: 18 with COVID-19 on RRT (5 of them had acute kidney injury [AKI]) and 8 controls. We confirm higher cytokine levels in COVID-19 patients than controls and even higher in patients with AKI than in those with chronic kidney disease. Most cytokines raised during HD session, except IL-10 and TNFα. IL-10 was eliminated by any dialysis technique, while clearance of TNFα was higher in the HDx group. HDx achieved a deeper normalization of cytokines and β2 microglobulin reduction. Mortality was higher in the OL-HDF group than the HDx group. Discussion: Not all cytokines behave equally along HD session. The following characteristics should be taken into account, such as intrinsic kinetic profile during a HD session. HDx seems to get better performance, probably due to the combination of different factors; however, we did not reach statistical significance due to the small sample size, dropout, and reduction of AKI incidence during the 2nd pandemic wave. Conclusion: HDx appears to provide better clearance for TNFα and β2 microglobulin during HD session and associates lower mortality. We propose the HDx technique for COVID-19 patients with RRT requirements since it seems to be safe and more effective than OL-HDF. Further studies are still needed, but we hope that our preliminary data may help us in future pandemic waves of SARS-CoV-2 or other viruses still to come.
How Social Exclusion, Embitterment, and Conspiracy Beliefs Mediate Individual’s Intention to Vaccination against COVID-19: Results from a Moderated Serial Mediation Analysis
Authors: Koroma Dennis , Pestalozzi Maria I. , Znoj Hansjörg
Published: January 2022

Introduction: As Switzerland faced the “second wave” of COVID-19 incidences, a discussion of a potential vaccine against the virus emerged. While some individuals accept vaccines, others challenge or refuse to be vaccinated, a phenomena called vaccine hesitancy. Here, trust plays a vital role in vaccination intention. Embitterment not only goes along with the sense of being treated unjust but also innates a distrust in others. Thus, embitterment may influence individuals’ vaccination intention against COVID-19. In the present study, we investigate how feelings of being socially excluded and the perceived negative impact of the pandemic are associated with embitterment and in turn, how embitterment is related to individuals’ vaccination intention and the tendency to hold COVID-19-related conspiracy beliefs (CCBs). This is in regard of the perceived communication style by the government. Method: A convenience sample of 281 individuals completed an online survey developed on Qualtrics. In this cross-sectional, nonexperimental designed study, indirect effects of a moderated serial mediation were analyzed using Jamm (Jamovi, Version 0.9; 2019). Results: Results indicated that embitterment went along with increased feelings of social exclusion (β = 0.45, p < 0.001). Further, individuals high in embitterment generally indicated a higher vaccination intention against COVID-19 (β = 0.15, p < 0.01). However, embittered individuals holding CCBs had a decreased vaccination intention against COVID-19 (β = −0.71, p < 0.001). Thus, whether or not embittered individuals develop CCBs might be a crucial determinant for their vaccination intention. Noteworthy, the relationship between embitterment and the tendency to hold CCBs was reinforced by the notion of an unsatisfactory style of communication by the government. Conclusion: Taken together, results suggest that embitterment not only plays a relevant role in vaccination intention against COVID-19 but also for the susceptibility to engage in conspiracy beliefs.
Extrastriatal Dopamine D2/3 Receptor Availability in Alcohol Use Disorder and Individuals at High Risk
Authors: Spitta Gianna , Gleich Tobias , Zacharias Kristin , Butler Oisin , Buchert Ralph , Gallinat Jürgen
Published: January 2022

Introduction: Reduced striatal dopamine D2/3 receptor availability in alcohol use disorder (AUD) has been demonstrated in recent clinical studies and meta-analyses. However, only a limited number of studies investigated extrastriatal D2/3 availability in AUD or in at-risk populations. In line with a dimensional understanding of addiction, extrastriatal dopaminergic neuroadaptations have been suggested to be relevant from a pathobiological perspective. Methods: We investigated D2/3 receptor availability via 18F-fallypride positron emission tomography applying a region of interest (ROI) approach. We selected ROIs for the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). Our sample included 19 healthy controls (low risk [LR]), 19 individuals at high risk (HR) to develop addiction, and 20 recently detoxified AUD patients. Results: We found significantly higher D2/3 receptor availability of HR compared to AUD in the left and right rostral ACC (rACC), as well as in the left ventrolateral PFC (vlPFC). We did not observe a significant difference between AUD and LR. After corrections for multiple comparisons none of the ROIs reached significance throughout the group comparison. The D2/3 receptor availability in the left rACC was inversely correlated with symptom severity assessed with the Alcohol Dependency Scale. Discussion: To our knowledge, the present work is the first study investigating extrastriatal D2/3 receptor availabilities in individuals at HR and patients with AUD. The observation that D2/3 receptor availabilities are highest in HR might suggest that their pathobiology differs from subjects with AUD. Future studies are necessary to clarify the intraindividual course of this biomarker over different disease stages and its possible role as a risk or protective factor.
90° Spinning of Polyethylene Inserts in Mobile Bearing Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
Authors: Fitz-Gerald Connor , Kieser David
Published: January 2022

Background The objective of this article is to describe for the first time a case of 90° spin out of a mobile bearing unicompartmental knee arthroplasty (UKA) polyethylene insert. In this report, we present a 57-year-old gentleman with a medial compartment UKA for osteoarthritis in 2017 who developed dislodgement and 90° rotation subsequent to traumatic injury when he was involved in a bus crash and impacted the anterolateral knee sustaining a valgus type injury 1 week postoperatively. Following the injury, he reported medial knee pain and a sensation of something moving within the joint. He was initially managed conservatively and progressed to full weight bearing; however, he experienced intermittent symptoms of catching and blocking of the joint, as well as medial knee swelling, that inhibited his ability to perform activities involving walking, kneeling, or pivoting. Imaging taken in 2018 show a 90° rotation of the polyethylene insert. These images showed the longitudinal metallic marker on the insert facing in an anteroposterior direction as opposed to the normal medial-lateral orientation. Failing conservative management, he presented to our clinic in 2019 and proceeded for revision of his UKA. Intraoperatively, his insert was reviewed and seen to easily spin on axis. The liner was therefore removed and upsized from a size 5 medium to a size 7 medium insert which provided excellent stability and stopped any further spinning. He has done tremendously well since the operation and reports full range of motion and no concerns. In patients with a history of pain, swelling, or locking following a UKA, it would be prudent to consider insert spinning, as well as the more common dislocation, through confirming the orientation of the metallic insert marker. Revision surgery to correct the spinning defect has proven effective with good resolution of symptoms and return to full range of motion.