bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Novel UWB Flexible Antenna with Dual Notch Bands for Wearable Biomedical Devices
Authors: Geyikoglu M. Dilruba
Published: June 2022

This study presents a novel UWB flexible antenna with dual band-notched design for wearable biomedical devices. The proposed antenna is designed on Kapton Polyimide-based flexible substrate. This includes a CPW fed circular and triangle structure. The dual notched bands are realized by using two triangular-shaped defected ground structures. The first notched band (2.4−3.7 GHz) is generated for rejecting WLAN and WiMAX, the second notch (5.15-5.725 GHz) is generated for rejecting HyperLAN /2. The designed UWB antenna has approximately a bandwith of 150% (2.05-14 GHz) in simulation. Thus, the designed UWB antenna meets FCC standards. The antenna has an omnidirectional radiation pattern with a maximum gain of 12.7 dB in 8.4 GHz.The proposed antenna is fabricated with the low-cost airbrush printed technique. In this technique, a higher gain value is obtained by controlling the thickness of the conductive layer .Effect of flexibility on the antenna performance is tested for different configurations in the simulation and anechoic chamber environments. According to the results obtained, the overall performance is not affected except for the shift in frequency. Since the antenna has a UWB structure, the frequency shift that occurs in bending is at a tolerable level. The proposed UWB antenna is suitable for wearable biomedical devices, with a high UWB performance.
Effect of Lead on Enzyme Activity in the Liver of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Karimov Erkin Bakhtiyerovich , Halley Grayson , Li Fen , Jiazhang Chen
Published: June 2022

Worldwide heavy metals belong to one of the most important groups of pollutants. Most of them including cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc are considered extremely dangerous in the eco-toxicological aspect. Recently, the use of biological markers or biomarkers measured at the molecular or cellular level has been proposed as a sensitive tool to evaluate oxidative stress in fish. The study aimed to investigate the potential of lead (Pb) in water to affect growth performance, weight gain, feed utilization, and its potential to induce oxidative stress and enzyme activity disruptions. Five treatments were designed including a control and Pb contaminated water at 0.01, 0.05, 0.25 and 1.25 mg/L concentrations. Results from the present study showed that fish exposed to Pb contaminated water at the highest tested concentration resulted in significantly high (P < 0.05) lipid peroxidation levels in tilapia when compared to all other groups and the control. Furthermore, a contaminant in water resulted in a significant increase of glutathione (GSH) activity in the liver of fish compared to control. However, no significant changes in catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities were observed when compared among groups and with the control.
Dynamically Stable and Amplified Circularly Polarized Excimer Emission (CPEE) of Achiral Pyrene-Based Dye Regulated by Solvation of Chiral Co-assembly Process
Authors: Zhang Yuxia , Li Hang , Geng Zhongxing , Zheng Wenhua , Quan Yiwu , Cheng Yixiang
Published: June 2022

Chiral supramolecular assembly has been assigned to be one of the most favorable strategies for the development of excellent circularly polarized luminescent (CPL)-active materials. Herein, we report our study of an achiral boron-containing pyrene (Py)-based chromophore (PyBO) as a circularly polarized excimer emission (CPEE) dye induced by chiral co-assemblies containing chiral binaphthyl-based enantiomers (R/S-M). Chiral co-assembly R/S-M-(PyBO)4 fresh film spin-coated from toluene solution can exhibit orderly nanofibers and strong green CPEE (λem = 512 nm, gem = ± 0.45, ΦFL = 51.2 %) resulting from an achiral PyBO excimer. In contrast, only a very weak blue CPL was observed (λem = 461 nm, gem = ± 0.0125, ΦFL = 19.0 %) after 187 h due to PyBO monomer emission as spherulite growth. Interestingly, this kind of chiral co-assembly R-M-(PyBO)4-T film from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution retains uniform morphology and affords the most stable and strongest CPEE performance (λem = 512 nm, gem = + 0.62, ΦFL = 53.3 %) after 10 days.
High and low value care recommended and undertaken prior to knee or hip arthroplasty: A survey study
Authors: Mills Kathryn , Brewster Anne-Marie , Hackett Danella , Cheung Chris , Solomon Michael , Naylor Justine
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Interventions for osteoarthritis (OA) vary widely in value. Currently, appointment attendance, audits and practitioner surveys are used to determine which interventions are recommended prior to arthroplasty. The patient perspective is missing from this evidence base. Objective: To describe the prevalence of high and low value care being recommended and undertaken by individuals awaiting OA-related lower limb arthroplasty. To examine sociodemographic or disease-related variables associated with being recommended different levels of care. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 339 individuals was conducted in metropolitan and regional hospitals and surgeon consultation rooms. Along with demographic and disease-related questions, respondents were asked what intervention they were recommended by healthcare practitioners, or other sources of information, and what they had undertaken within two years prior to hip or knee arthroplasty. Results: Simple analgesics were most frequently recommended (68% [62.9 to 73.1). 24.8% [20.2 to 29.7] of respondents were recommended high value care only. 75.2% [70.2 to 79.7] of respondents were recommended at least one low value intervention. Respondents awaiting hip arthroplasty, living regionally and without private health insurance had greater odds of recommended rather than core interventions being advised. Conclusion: The prevalence of recommendations and uptake of high value care appears to be increasing. In most cases they are combined with recommendations for low value care. From a patient’s perspective, disease-related and sociodemographic variables influence the level of care recommended.
Sea Surface Temperature Predictability at the interface between oceanographic modelling and machine learning
Authors: Boschetti Fabio , Feng Ming , Hartog Jason R. , Hobday Alistair J. , Zhang Xuebin
Published: June 2022

Ensemble models, statistical analysis and machine learning (ML) can be used to predict novel conditions in a rapidly changing ocean. Traditionally, ML has been understood as a purely data-driven approach. Recently, success has been reported in training ML on both observational and model data to forecast Sea Surface Temperature (SST) anomalies. Here we use ML trained only on climate model simulations to predict regional SST variations, thereby suggesting a novel role for ML as an ensemble model interpolator. We propose a measure of the predictability provided by different ML implementations as well as by standard time series analysis methods. Weighting each forecast by this predictability measure computed on model data only, provides a significant improvement in forecast skill. We demonstrate the performance of this approach for regions around Australia, the Nino3.4 region (central-eastern equatorial Pacific) and in the eastern equatorial Pacific and discuss the implications for SST predictability as a function of geographical location, area size, seasonality, proximity to the coast and model data quality.
Association between oral health behavior and multiple chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults in Beijing, China
Authors: Guo Dan , Shi Zhenyu , Luo Yanan , Ding Ruoxi , He Ping
Published: June 2022

Objectives
To evaluate the association between oral health behavior and multiple chronic diseases among middle-aged and older adults.
Methods
Data from the Beijing Health Service Survey were used to estimate the association between oral hygiene behavior and risk of multiple chronic diseases using multivariate logistic models(N = 18,158).
Results
The risk of overall chronic diseases (OR = 1.27, 95% CI:1.18 ~ 1.37), cardiovascular diseases (CVD, OR = 1.30, 95% CI:1.21 ~ 1.39) and endocrine or nutritional metabolic disorders (OR = 1.11, 95% CI:1.01 ~ 1.22) was higher in those who with poor oral health behavior. There was no significant correlation between oral health behavior and the risk of diseases of the musculoskeletal, respiratory, digestive, and genitourine systems.
Conclusions
Poor oral hygiene practices were associated with a higher risk of overall chronic diseases, CVD and diabetes mellitus (DM) in middle-aged and older people. These findings motivate further studies to evaluate whether improved oral health behavior may prevent the incidence of chronic diseases.
Noname manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor)
Nonlinear Normal Modes based Study of Synchronization in Delay Coupled Limit Cycle Oscillators.
Authors: Pandey Manoj , M Govind
Published: June 2022

Nonlinear normal modes (NNMs), a powerful analytical tool for studying nonlinear systems is used here to study synchronization dynamics in delay coupled oscillators, which exhibit limit cycle oscillations (LCO) and hysteresis when uncoupled. A method described by Shaw and Pierre is used to arrive at the NNMs which are found to be two dimensional invariant manifolds containing closed curves corresponding to either the in-phase or out-of-phase synchronized oscillations for both delayed and non-delayed, reactively or dissipatively coupled systems. Motion initiated on these NNMs, is found to evolve strictly on them, settling onto a stable orbit if existent or on to a quasi-periodic orbit lying between the two manifolds in the absence of one. The NNMs are used to decouple the governing equations of the system, giving the in-phase and out-of-phase synchronization frequencies directly. Parametric study in terms of strength of coupling, frequency detuning and delay time is performed using the averaged equations of the system, aided by continuation software AUTO, which also reveals the bifurcations in the system. These are verified using NNM, direct numerical integration and shooting method based Floquent analysis of the original system and are found to match well. The results obtained here agree with prior work in literature, at the same time extending them to hitherto unexplored parameter range and provide a new perspective on the same from the point of view of NNMs. Hence this study demonstrates the utility of NNMs for the study of synchronization dynamics in both delayed and non delay mutually coupled LCOs and can be useful for studying larger arrays of the same.Mathematics Subject Classification (2020) 70K75 · 34D06 · 34K24
Ghrelin regulates crosstalk between apoptosis, necroptosis and autophagy programmed cell death pathways in the hippocampal neurons of amyloid-β 1–42-induced rat model of Alzheimer’s disease
Authors: Naseri Faezeh , Sirati-Sabet Majid , Sarlaki Fatemeh , Keimasi Mohammad , Mokarram Poneh , Siri Morvarid , Ghasemi Rasoul , Shahsavari Zahra , Goshadrou Fatemeh
Published: June 2022

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a common progressive and irreversible neurodegenerative disorder. Neuronal loss in the brain is one of the important characteristic features of AD, which is along with memory and cognitive dysfunction. Activation of programmed cell deaths, especially apoptosis and necroptosis, and autophagy failure plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of AD. Ghrelin, an appetite-related hormone, exerts neuroprotective effects via the stimulation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a in the central nervous system. In this study, rats' cognitive impairment was induced by intra-hippocampal Cornu Ammonis 3 administration of amyloid-beta 1–42 (Aβ 1–42). Then animals were treated with ghrelin 80 µg/kg intraperitoneally for 10 consecutive days. The Morris water maze and passive avoidance learning test were used to evaluate of effect of ghrelin on learning and memory performance. After that, histopathological study on rat hippocampus was done, and the expression of pro-apoptotic protein Bax, anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, necroptotic proteins RIP1K and RIP3K and autophagic marker Beclin-1 were assessed using western blotting method. Our findings showed that ghrelin improves memory impairment in Aβ 1–42-induced rats and reduces Bax, RIP1K, and RIP3K expressions and also Bax/Bcl-2 ratio, as well as Beclin-1 expressions. In conclusion, our study suggests that ghrelin can provide neuroprotection via apoptosis and necroptosis inhibition and autophagy promotion and also crosstalk regulation between three cell death pathways in Aβ 1–42-induced model of Alzheimer's disease.
Non-destructive assessment of equivalent umami concentrations in salmon using hyperspectral imaging technology combined with multivariate algorithms
Authors: Sun Zongbao , Pan Haodong , Zuo Min , Li Junkui , Liang Liming , Ho Chi-Tang , Zou Xiaobo
Published: June 2022

This study utilized equivalent umami concentrations (EUC) to characterize umami intensity in salmon with different freeze-thaw times. A rapid and non-destructive method was established to determine EUC values in salmon which is based on hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system combined with multiple characteristic variable screening methods. The established CARS-PLS model showed greater advantages in correlating the reference values of spectral data with EUC in salmon with Rc of 0.9012, Rp of 0.9009, RMSECV of 0.82, and RMSEP of 0.88. The model was employed pixel-wise to visualize the distribution of EUC with different freeze-thaw times, which demonstrated the reduction of EUC value with the increasing of freeze-thaw times. Therefore, this reseearch showed hyperspectral imaging (HSI) system combined with chemometrics possesses a substantial capability to predict and visualize the EUC of salmon, which would provide an intuitive understanding of salmon quality prediction and detection.
The matrilineal ancestry of Nepali populations
Authors: Basnet Rajdip , Rai Niraj , Tamang Rakesh , Awasthi Nagendra , Pradhan Isha , Parajuli Pawan , Kashyap Deepak , Reddy Alla Govardhan , Chaubey Gyaneshwer , Manandhar Krishna Das , Shrestha Tilak Ram , Thangaraj Kumarasamy
Published: June 2022

The Tibetan plateau and high mountain ranges of Nepal are one of the challenging geographical regions inhabited by modern humans. While much of the ethnographic and population-based genetic studies were carried out to investigate the Tibetan and Sherpa highlanders, little is known about the demographic processes that enabled the colonization of the hilly areas of Nepal. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the past demographic events that shaped the extant Nepalese genetic diversity using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variations from ethnic Nepalese groups. We have analyzed mtDNA sequences from 999 Nepalese samples and compared the data with 38,622 published mtDNA sequences from the rest of the world. Our analysis revealed that the genomic landscapes of prehistoric Himalayan settlers of Nepal were similar to the low altitude extant Nepalese (LAN), especially to that of Newar and Magar population group; but differ from contemporary high-altitude Sherpas. LAN might have derived their East Eurasian ancestry mainly from low altitude Tibeto-Burmans, who might have migrated from East Asia and assimilated across the Eastern Himalayas extended from Eastern Nepal to North-East of India, Bhutan, the Tibet and Northern Myanmar. We also identified a clear genetic sub-structure across different ethnic groups of Nepal based on mtDNA haplogroups and ectodysplasin-A receptor (EDAR) gene. Our comprehensive high-resolution mtDNA-based genetic study of Tibeto-Burman communities reconstructs the maternal origins of prehistoric Himalayan populations and sheds light on migration events that have brought most of the East Eurasian ancestry to the present-day Nepalese population.
Aging reprogramming liver endothelial zonation triggers steatohepatitis by inactivating pericentral endothelium-derived C-kit
Authors: Duan Juanli , Liu Jingjing , Ruan Bai , Ding Jian , Fang Zhiqiang , Xu Hao , Song Ping , Xu Chen , Li Zhiwen , Du Wei , Wang Lin
Published: June 2022

Aging leads to systemic metabolic disorders including nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Here, we showed that aging-induced liver sinusoidal endothelial cell (LSEC) senescence accelerated liver sinusoid capillarization and promoted steatohepatitis by reprogramming liver endothelial zonation and inactivating pericentral endothelium-derived C-kit. Abrogation of endothelial C-kit triggered cellular senescence which disturbed LSEC homeostasis. During diet-induced NASH development, C-kit deletion aggravated hepatic steatosis and exacerbated NASH-associated fibrosis and inflammation. Mechanistically, CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling was inhibited by C-kit. Blocking CXCR4/SDF-1 signaling by AMD3100 abolished LSEC-macrophage crosstalk and recovered the aggravated NASH in C-kit deficient mice. For therapeutic purpose, C-kit+ LSECs were implanted into NASH or aged mice, which counteracted LSEC senescence and improved diet or aging-induced NASH by restoring the homeostasis of pericentral liver endothelium.
Comparison of Oxford Nanopore Technologies and Illumina MiSeq sequencing with mock communities and agricultural soil
Authors: Stevens Bo , Creed Timothy , Reardon Catherine , Manter Daniel
Published: June 2022

Illumina MiSeq is the current standard for characterizing microbial communities in soil. The Oxford Nanopore Technologies MinION sequencer is quickly gaining popularity because of the low initial cost and longer sequence reads. However, the accuracy of MinION, per base, is much lower than MiSeq (95% versus 99.9%). The effects of this difference in base-calling accuracy on taxonomic and diversity estimates remains unclear. We compared the output of short MiSeq to short and full-length MinION 16S rRNA amplicons from a mock community and agricultural soil samples. For all three methods, we found that taxonomic assignments of the mock community at both the genus and species level matched expectations with minimal deviation (genus: 80.9–90.5%; species: 70.9–85.2% Bray-Curtis similarity); however, the short MiSeq with error correction (DADA2) resulted in the correct estimate of species richness and much lower alpha diversity for soils. Several filtering strategies were tested to improve these estimates with varying results. The sequencing platform also had a significant influence on the relative abundances of taxa with MiSeq resulting in significantly higher abundances Actinobacteria, Chloroflexi, and Gemmatimonadetes and lower abundances of Acidobacteria, Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Verrucomicrobia compared to the MinION platform. When comparing agricultural soils from two different sites (Fort Collins, CO and Pendleton, OR) methods varied in the taxa identified as significantly different between sites. At all taxonomic levels, the full-length MinION method had the highest similarity to the short MiSeq method with DADA2 correction with 73.2%, 69.3%, 74.1%, 79.3%, 79.4%, and 82.28% of the taxa at the phyla, class, order, family, genus, and species levels, respectively, showing similar patterns in differences between the sites. In summary, although both platforms appear suitable for 16S rRNA microbial community composition, biases for different taxa may make the comparison between studies problematic; and even with a single study (i.e., comparing sites or treatments), the sequencing platform can influence the differentially abundant taxa identified.
Coupled Discrete Phase Model and Eulerian Wall Film Model for Numerical Simulation of Respiratory Droplet Generation during Coughing
Authors: ANZAI Hitomi , SHINDO Yugo , KOHATA Yutaro , HASEGAWA Masahiro , TAKANA Hidemasa , MATSUNAGA Tetsuro , AKAIKE Takaaki , OHTA Makoto
Published: June 2022

Computational fluid dynamics is widely used to simulate droplet-spreading behavior due to respiratory events. However, droplet generation inside the body, such as the number, mass, and particle size distribution, has not been quantitatively analyzed. The aim of this study was to identify quantitative characteristics of droplet generation during coughing. Airflow simulations were performed by coupling the discrete phase model and Eulerian wall film model to reproduce shear-induced stripping of airway mucosa. An ideal airway model with symmetric bifurcations was constructed, and the wall domain was covered by a mucous liquid film. The results of the transient airflow simulation indicated that the droplets had a wide particle size distribution of 0.1–400 µm, and smaller droplets were generated in larger numbers. In addition, the total mass and number of droplets generated increased with an increasing airflow. The total mass of the droplets also increased with an increasing mucous viscosity, and the largest number and size of droplets were obtained at a viscosity of 8 mPa·s. The simulation methods used in this study can be used to quantify the particle size distribution and maximum particle diameter under various conditions.
ExAdEx: A simple method to maintain human adipose tissue in long-term cultures reveals differential expansion of adipose progenitor cell subpopulations in fibrotic and pro-inflammatory microenvironments.
Authors: DANI Vincent , BRUNI-FAVIER Solène , CHIGNON-SICARD Bérengère , LOUBAT Agnès , DOGLIO Alain , DANI Christian
Published: June 2022

A relevant model to explore how to promote the expansion of adipose progenitor cells (APCs) in lean and obese contexts is still lacking, as current adipocyte models have serious limitations. In this work, we describe a novel adipose tissue model, named ExAdEx, that can be obtained from cosmetic surgery wastes. ExAdEx products are adipose tissue units maintaining the characteristics and organization of adipose tissue as it presents in vivo. The model was viable and metabolically active for up to two months and could adopt a pathological-like phenotype. The results revealed that inflammatory and fibrotic microenvironments differentially regulated the expansion of the CD26 APC subpopulation and its CD54 and CD142 APC progenies. The approach used significantly improves the method of generating adipose tissue models, and ExAdEx constitutes a relevant model of human adipose tissue that could be used to identify pathways promoting expansion of APCs in physiological and pathological contexts.
Comprehensive Analysis of FRAS1/FREM family as Potential Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets in Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Wang Ganggang , Wang Zheng , Lu Haiquan , Guo Liqiang , Kong Feng , Wang Aizhen , Zhao Shengtian
Published: June 2022

Background
FRAS1 (Fraser syndrome protein 1), together with FREM1 (the Fras1-related extracellular matrix proteins 1) and FREM2, belonging to the FRAS1/FREM extracellular matrix protein family, are considered to play essential roles in renal organogenesis and cancer progression. However, their roles in kidney renal clear cell carcinoma (KIRC) remain to be elucidated.
Methods
FRAS1/FREM RNA expression analysis was performed using TCGA/GTEx databases, and valided using GEO databases. Protein expression was peformed using CPTAC databases. Herein, we employed an array of bioinformatics methods and online databases to explore the potential oncogenic roles of FRAS1/FREM in KIRC.
Results
We found that FRAS1, FREM1 and FREM2 genes and proteins expression were significantly decreased in KIRC tissues than in normal tissues. Decreased FRAS1/FREM expression were significantly associated with advanced clinicopathological parameters (pathological stage, grade and tumor metastasis status). Notably, the patients with decreased FRAS1/FREM2 expression showed a high propensity for metastasis and poor prognosis. FRAS1/FREM were correlated with various immune infiltrating cells, especially CD4 + T cells and its corresponding subsets (Th1, Th2, Tfh and Tregs). FRAS1 and FREM2 had association with DNA methylation and their single CpG methylation levels were associated with prognosis. Moreover, FRAS1/FREM might exert antitumor effects by functioning in key oncogenic signalling pathways and metabolic pathways.
Conclusions
Together, our results indicated that FRAS1/FREM family members could be potential therapeutic targets and valuable prognostic biomarkers of KIRC.
IMplementing Predictive Analytics towards efficient COPD Treatments (IMPACT): Protocol for a stepped wedge cluster randomized impact study
Authors: Michaux Kristina D. , Metcalfe Rebecca K. , Conklin Annalijn I. , Hoens Alison M. , Smith Daniel , Struik Laura , Safari Abdollah , Sin Don D. , Sadatsafavi Mohsen
Published: June 2022

Introduction: Personalized disease management informed by quantitative risk prediction has the potential to improve patient care and outcomes. The integration of risk prediction into clinical workflow should be informed by the experiences and preferences of stakeholders, and the impact of such integration should be evaluated in prospective comparative studies.The objectives of the IMplementing Predictive Analytics towards efficient Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Treatments (IMPACT) study are to integrate an exacerbation risk prediction tool into routine care and to determine its impact on prescription appropriateness (primary outcome), medication adherence, quality of life, exacerbation rates, and sex- and gender-disparities in COPD care (secondary outcomes).Methods: IMPACT will be conducted in two phases. Phase one will include the systematic and user-centered development of two decision support tools: 1) a decision tool for pulmonologists called the ACCEPT decision intervention (ADI), which combines risk prediction from the previously developed Acute COPD Exacerbation Prediction Tool with treatment algorithms recommended by the Canadian Thoracic Society’s COPD pharmacotherapy guidelines; and 2) an information pamphlet for COPD patients (patient tool), tailored to their prescribed medication, clinical needs, and lung function. In phase two, we will conduct a stepped-wedge cluster randomized controlled trial in two outpatient respiratory clinics to evaluate the impact of the decision support tools on quality of care and patient outcomes. Clusters will be practicing pulmonologists (n≥24), who will progressively switch to the intervention over 18 months. At the end of the study, a qualitative process evaluation will be carried out to determine the barriers and enablers of uptake of the tools.Discussion: The IMPACT study coincides with a planned harmonization of electronic health record systems across tertiary care centers in British Columbia, Canada. The harmonization of these systems combined with IMPACT’s implementation-oriented design and partnership with stakeholders will facilitate integration of the tools into routine care, if the results of the proposed study reveal positive association with improvement in the process and outcomes of clinical care. The process evaluation at the end of the trial will inform subsequent design iterations before largescale implementation. Trial registration: NCT05309356.
On the precursor times of thermal infrared radiation anomalies before earthquakes in Taiwan
Authors: WANG JEEN-HWA
Published: June 2022

Twenty-seven Taiwan’s earthquakes with local magnitudes ML=5.6−7.3 and focal depths d=8.0−215.8 km were proceeded by the thermal infrared radiation (TIR) anomalies. The data set is good for us to explore the precursor times and mechanisms of TIR. Let TD and TN be the largest number of days when the anomalies observed in the day-time and the night-time, respectively. The precursor time, T, for an event is the larger value of TD and TN. The data points of T versus ML and those of TD versus ML are scattered. Regardless of two data points with abnormally large TN values, a positive correlation seems able to be recognized from the data points of TN versus ML. Among the 27 earthquakes, 8 events were proceeded by Rn concentration changes with precursor times TRn=7.4−171 days. For most of the 8 events, TRn is much longer than either TD or TN. Hence, the model of outflow of gases from the depths to the ground surface seems unable to interpret the TIR anomalies. Based on rock mechanics experiments, the temperature rise, ΔT, is generated by frictional heating due to preseismic slip. That the TIR anomalies discontinuously appeared before earthquakes and the occurrence times vary for different events might be due to the generation of frictional heating caused by preseismic slip on a few shallow sub-faults in the source areas before the earthquakes.
FCHM-Stream: Fast Closed High Utility Itemsets Mining over Data Streams
Authors: Li Muhang , Han Meng , Chen Zhiqiang , Wu Hongxin , Zhang Xilong
Published: June 2022

In the data stream scenarios such as the Internet of Things and network click streams, the high-speed, continuous, and endless characteristics of data stream make it a challenging task to quickly mine high utility itemsets in limited memory space. In the data stream scenario, the sliding window model has received extensive research and attention because of its emphasis on recent data. However, in the sliding window model, adjacent windows have a large number of communal batches resulting in a large set of identical itemsets in the resultsets of adjacent windows. At the same time, to provide users with a concise and lossless resultset, a novel algorithm is proposed for mining closed high utility itemsets from data streams, named FCHM-Stream. The algorithm devises a new utility list structure based on batch division. It presents a resultset maintenance strategy based on the skip-list structure to quickly and effectively update the resultset when the window slides which can effectively avoid repeated mining of redundant itemsets. Moreover, various experiments are carried out to compare our method with state-of-the-art algorithms both in static and stream environments. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed algorithm significantly reduces the running time compared to previous algorithms.
Explainable machine learning methods and respiratory oscillometry for the diagnosis of respiratory abnormalities in sarcoidosis
Authors: de Lima Allan Danilo , Lopes Agnaldo J. , Amaral Jorge Luis Machado do , de Melo Pedro Lopes
Published: June 2022

BackgroundIn this work, we developed many machine learning classifiers to assist in diagnosing respiratory changes associated with sarcoidosis, based on results from the Forced Oscillation Technique (FOT), a non-invasive method used to assess pulmonary mechanics. In addition to accurate results, there is a particular interest in their interpretability and explainability, so we used Genetic Programming since the classification is made with intelligible expressions and we also evaluate the feature importance in different experiments to find the more discriminative features. Methodology/Principal findingsWe used genetic programming in its traditional tree form and a grammar-based form. To check if interpretable results are competitive, we compared their performance to K-Nearest Neighbors, Support Vector Machine, AdaBoost, Random Forest, LightGBM, XGBoost, and Logistic Regressor. We also performed experiments with fuzzy features and tested a feature selection technique to bring even more interpretability. The data used to feed the classifiers come from the FOT exams in 72 individuals, of which 25 were healthy, and 47 were diagnosed with sarcoidosis. Among the latter, 24 showed normal conditions by spirometry, and 23 showed respiratory changes. The results achieved high accuracy (AUC>0.90) in two analyses performed (controls vs. individuals with sarcoidosis and normal spirometry and controls vs. individuals with sarcoidosis and altered spirometry). Genetic Programming and Grammatical Evolution were particularly beneficial because they provide intelligible expressions to make the classification. The observation of which features were selected most frequently also brought explainability to the study of sarcoidosis. ConclusionsThe proposed system may provide decision support for clinicians when they are struggling to give a confirmed clinical diagnosis. Clinicians may reference the prediction results and make better decisions, improving the productivity of pulmonary function services by AI-assisted workflow.
The association between physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and patient outcomes: A Japanese nation-wide observational study
Authors: Otaka Shunichi , Ohbe Hiroyuki , Igeta Ryuhei , Chiba Takuyo , Ikeda Shunya , Shiga Takashi
Published: June 2022

Background
The effectiveness of physician involvement during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest has been shown in adults but remains unknown in pediatric patients. This study aimed to investigate the association between physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and patient outcomes.
Methods
Using a Japanese nationwide database, we identified pediatric patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest from January 2005 to September 2017. We used a generalized linear model to compare outcomes between patients with and without physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The primary outcome was neurologically favourable survival after 1 month. Secondary outcomes were the return of spontaneous circulation and 1-month survival.
Results
In total, 24,684 patients were included in this study. In the adjusted analyses, a ‘physician-present’ group showed a lower 1-month neurologically favourable survival rate compared with a ‘physician-absent’ group (difference, -0.9%; 95% confidence interval [CI] -1.7–-0.2; P = 0.02). The physician-present group had a higher rate of return of spontaneous circulation than the physician-absent group (difference, 1.4%; 95% CI 0.2–2.5; P = 0.02), but no difference in 1-month survival was observed between the groups (difference, -0.9%; 95% CI -2.0–0.2; P = 0.09).
Conclusions
Physician involvement during pediatric out-of-hospital cardiac arrest was associated with lower 1-month neurologically favourable survival rates, although it was associated with a better return of spontaneous circulation than that in the physician-absent group.
A data-driven approach to estimate the rate of penetration in drilling of hydrocarbon reservoirs
Authors: Hashemizadeh Abbas , Bahonar Ehsan , Chahardowli Mohammad , Kheirollahi Hossein , Simjoo Mohammad
Published: June 2022

Drilling costs and time are directly affected by the rate of penetration (ROP). Gas/oil well drilling in challenging environments is a costly operation due to the high cost of wellbore construction, and drilling optimization requires real-time decision-making. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate ROP accurately and thus assist in optimizing the drilling process. In this study, we used total depth, weight on hook, bit, revolutions per minute, torque, standpipe pressure, flow rates, mud weight, mud viscosity, hole size, and formation hardness as input parameters to forecast ROP. Nine machine learning algorithms, i.e., multiple linear regression (MLR), lasso regression, ridge regression, decision tree (DT), bootstrap aggregating (Bagging), random forest (RF), gradient boosting machines (GBM), symbolic regression (SR), and artificial neural networks (ANN) were performed using a dataset consists of 3484 observations. Moreover, several network hyperparameters were adjusted, indicating that using a deep artificial feed-forward network, i.e., [9-11-1] neurons with logarithmic sigmoid transfer function as a predictor model, provided the most accurate model. Results showed that the random forest and artificial neural network models have the highest accuracy, and it estimates ROP with correlation coefficients of 0.93. Overall, the methodology employed in this paper performed well in predicting ROP in the absence of some unavailable parameters such as UCS.
A Ghost Perturbation Scheme to Solve Ordinary Differential Equations
Authors: Garrido P.L.
Published: June 2022

We propose an algebraic method that finds a sequence of functions that exponentially approach the solution of any second-order ordinary differential equation (ODE) with any boundary conditions. We define an extended ODE (eODE) composed of a linear generic differential operator that depends on free parameters, p, plus an ϵ perturbation formed by the original ODE minus the same linear term. After the eODE’s formal ϵ expansion of the solution, we can solve order by order a hierarchy of linear ODEs and we get a sequence of functions y n (x; ϵ, p) where n indicates the number of terms that we keep in the ϵ-expansion. We fix the parameters to the optimal values p * (n) by minimizing a distance function of y n to the ODE’s solution, y, over a given x-interval. We see that the eODE’s perturbative solution converges exponentially fast in n to the ODE solution when ϵ = 1: |y n (x; ϵ = 1, p * (n)) − y(x)| < Cδ n+1 with δ < 1. The method permits knowing the number of solutions for Boundary Value Problems just by looking at the number of minima of the distance function at each order in n, p * ,α (n), where each α defines a sequence of functions y n that converges to one of the ODE’s solutions. We present the method by its application to several cases where we discuss its properties, benefits and shortcomings and some practical algorithmic improvements on it.PACS numbers: 18-3e
A patient specific in vitro investigation into the fenestration seen within the single ventricle anatomy
Authors: McHugo V. S. , Nölke L. , Morris Liam , McMahon C. J.
Published: June 2022

The creation of the total cavopulmonary connection facilitates direct transit of desaturated venous blood from the inferior vena cava to the pulmonary arterial circulation, bypassing the respective sub-pulmonary ventricle. A fenestration is created by incorporating a small hole or tube between the inferior vena cava and the right atrium thereby reducing central venous pressure in the circuit and maintaining systemic output. The fenestration procedure improved clinical outcomes but there is limited data on its impact of the flow hemodynamics. An in vitro biosimulator was developed using flexible patient specific models and soft robotic actuators to assess the current surgical methods. A small sized shunt of 3mm ID, a large sized shunt of 6mm ID and a patch scenario were chosen to evaluate the most commonly seen surgical methods against a non-fenestrated model. It was found that the fenestration reduced central venous pressure by 5-9.5% while reducing energy losses by 9-40%. This shows that the fenestration offers a more efficient circulation for hypoplastic left heart syndrome patients.
The effect of lay responders’ experience on response time to medical emergencies in a rural area: An observational study
Authors: Starck Simon Michael , Jensen Jonas Junghans , Sarkisian Laura , Schakow Henrik , Andersen Claus , Henriksen Finn Lund
Published: June 2022

Aim
The aim of this retrospective observational study was to determine how response times correlated to the experience of the community first responders (CFRs) using data collected from the Danish Island of Langeland via a global positioning system (GPS)-based system.
Methods
All medical emergency calls involving CFRs in the time period from 21st of April 2012 to 31st of December 2017 were included. Each emergency call activated 3 CFRs. Response times were calculated using the time from when the system alerted the CFRs to CFR time of arrival at the emergency site measured by GPS. CFRs response times were grouped depending on their level of experience according to ≤ 10, 11–24, 25–49, 50–99, ≥ 100 calls accepted and arrived on-site.
Results
A total of 7273 CFR activations were included. Median response time for the CFR arriving first on-site (n = 3004) was 4:05 min (IQR 2:42 − 6:01) and median response time for the arrival of the CFR with an automated external defibrillator (n = 2594) was 5:46 min (IQR 3:59 − 8:05). Median response times were 5:53 min (3:43 − 8:29) for ≤ 10 calls (n = 1657), 5:39 min (3:49 − 8:01) for 11–24 calls (n = 1396), 5:45 min (3:49 − 8:00) for 25–49 calls (n = 1586), 5:07 min (3:38 − 7:26) for 50–99 calls (n = 1548) and 4:46 min (3:14 − 7:32) for ≥ 100 calls (n = 1086) (p < 0.001). There was a significant negative correlation between experience and response times (p < 0.001, Spearman’s rho=-0.0914).
Conclusion
This study found that response times are significantly reduced as CFRs become more experienced which could lead to increased survival after a time-critical incident.
Photodistributed Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis: A Systematic Review and Proposal for a New Diagnostic Classification
Authors: McKinley Blake J , Allen Mitchell E , Michels Nicole
Published: June 2022

BackgroundUltraviolet radiation (UVR) exposure is commonly reported as a risk factor for Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN). However, minimal evaluation of photo-induced SJS/TEN has been conducted. Thus, this review identifies all cases of SJS/TEN that are linked to an acute exposure of UVR and outline the unifying characteristics of these cases. Furthermore, the theoretical pathogenesis, differential diagnoses, and proposed diagnostic criteria are defined.MethodsPubMed, Google Scholar, and other databases and websites were searched from inception to September 2021 to identify studies that met inclusion criteria. The following keywords were utilized: “Stevens-Johnson syndrome” and “toxic epidermal necrolysis” with “ultraviolet,” “photodistributed,” “photo-induced,” “photosensitivity,” and “photo.” One reviewer assessed study characteristics, with confirmation by a second. The risk of bias was assessed independently by another.ResultsThirteen patient cases were identified, all reporting ultraviolet radiation prior to rash onset and an underlying causal drug. Case classifications included 7/13 SJS and 6/13 TEN. All cases described the rash as photodistributed with UVR exposure prior to rash onset (delay of 1-3 days) and a causal drug. 10 cases provided evidence that the photodistributed rash distribution lacked linear demarcation (as in a sunburn) with satellite target-like lesions. No cases described a flu-like prodrome.DiscussionMucositis, palmar and plantar rash, a positive Nikolsky sign, and a prolonged disease course can help distinguish from photosensitive reactions, while a negative direct immunofluorescence test is important to distinguish from other photo-induced disorders.ConclusionPhysicians should be aware that UVR may precipitate SJS/TEN in patients taking susceptible drugs. After a 24-hour delay from UVR exposure, a non-distinct, photodistributed rash appears with no flu-like prodrome and progresses for at least 48 hours to include vesiculobullous eruptions and mucous membrane involvement. Photodistributed SJS/TEN appears to be photo-drug-induced with a unique onset and rash presentation that should be recognized as a distinct diagnosis.
Strongly Clean Semiring
Authors: Das D. , Kar S.
Published: June 2022

In this paper, we introduce and study the concept of strongly clean semiring. Let S be a semiring. An element a ∈ S is called strongly clean if a = e+u with e an idempotent in S and u a unit in S such that eu = ue. A semiring S is said to be strongly clean if every nonzero element of S is strongly clean. We mainly study the notion of strongly clean semiring and obtain some important characterizations of strongly clean semiring in connection with exchange semiring, antisimple semiring and additively regular semiring.
Auswahl und Generierung von passenden Feedbacks auf Basis eines Feedback-Rating-System-Frameworks
Authors: Kasakowskij Regina
Published: June 2022

Feedback gehört zu den wichtigsten Aspekten des Lehr-Lern-Prozesses. Doch nicht jedes Feedback ist für alle Lernenden passend in Bezug auf die Verständlichkeit und Effektivität. Auf der anderen Seite ist personalisiertes Feedback seitens der Lehrenden für eine kapazitätsüberschreitende Anzahl an Lernenden nicht umsetzbar. Im Gegensatz dazu kann ein computergestütztes Lernsystem schnell und auf eine skalierbare Art und Weise passendes Feedback bereitstellen. Es gibt bereits einige Ansätze dazu, Feedback adaptiv oder personalisiert bei der Aufgabenbearbeitung den Lernenden unter Einbezug einzelner Diversitätsmerkmale zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die Auswahl von passenden Feedbacks könnte jedoch auch von mehreren Diversitätsmerkmalen abhängig sein. Aus diesem Grund wird ein neuartiges Lernsystem vorgeschlagen, das auf einer soziotechnischen Basis verschiedene Diversitätsmerkmale verwendet, um passendes Feedback zu generieren, auszuwählen und vorzuschlagen.
Edge physics at the deconfined transition between a quantum spin Hall insulator and a superconductor
Authors: Ma Ruochen , Zou Liujun , Wang Chong
Published: June 2022

We study the edge physics of the deconfined quantum phase transition
(DQCP) between a spontaneous quantum spin Hall (QSH) insulator and a
spin-singlet superconductor (SC). Although the bulk of this transition
is in the same universality class as the paradigmatic deconfined Neel to
valence-bond-solid transition, the boundary physics has a richer
structure due to proximity to a quantum spin Hall state. We use the
parton trick to write down an effective field theory for the QSH-SC
transition in the presence of a boundary. We calculate various edge
properties in an N\to\inftyN→∞
limit. We show that the boundary Luttinger liquid in the QSH state
survives at the phase transition, but only as ``fractional’’ degrees of
freedom that carry charge but not spin. The physical fermion remains
gapless on the edge at the critical point, with a universal jump in the fermion scaling
dimension as the system approaches the transition from the QSH side. The
critical point could be viewed as a gapless analogue of the quantum spin Hall
state but with the full SU(2)SU(2)
spin rotation symmetry, which cannot be realized if the bulk is
gapped.
VULVAR CANCER: RETROSPECTIVE STUDY RELATING TO 11 CASES
Authors:   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco., Chatbi Zaineb , Fekkoul Soukaina ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco., Taheri Hafsa ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco., Saadi Hanane ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco., Mimouni Ahmed ,   Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mohammed VI University Hospital Center, Oujda, Morocco.
Published: June 2022

Invasivecarcinomaofthevulvaisarareneoplasticdisease, representing5%ofgynecologicalcancers. It occurs most often in elderlywomen. Theobjectiveofthisworkwastoevaluatetheepidemiological, clinical, histologicalandtherapeuticprofileofaseriesofpatientswithvulvarcancer.Thiswasaretrospectiveanalyticalstudy of a series of 11 patients treated for vulvar cancer in the gynecological obstetrics CHU MohammedVIdepartment in Oujdaduringthe period fromSeptember 2014 to July2022. The average age of the patients was 62 years (range 51-78 years), 82% of patients were multiparous.Theaveragedelayof consultation was8months, morethan 6 monthsin 60 %. Clinicalsymptomatologywasdominated by the perception of a vulvartumor by patients in 90,9%,less frequentlypain, pruritus.Theulcerous-buddingformsrepresent 54.54% of the cases. And multifocal involvement is themost frequent. The vulvar biopsy was performed in 100% of the cases and concluded to a squamouscell carcinoma in 72,72%of the cases. Assessment of extension revealed a second localization inonepatient. Eight of our patients benefited from total vulvectomysurgerywithbilateralinguinallymphnodedissection.Post-surgicalcomplicationsaredominatedbylymphoedemainfection,suturerelease.Radiotherapyand chemotherapyareothertherapeuticmodels.Theprognosisdepends on severalfactors itis all the better as the tumorissmall and theganglia arenot invaded.Earlydiagnosis and the adequate management of precancerouslesionshelps to improvetheprognosis.