bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Radian Scaling and Its Application to Enhance Electricity Load Forecasting in Smart Cities Against Concept Drift
Authors: Bin Kamilin Mohd Hafizuddin , Yamaguchi Shingo , Bin Ahmadon Mohd Anuaruddin
Published: November 2024

In a real-world implementation, machine learning models frequently experience concept drift when forecasting the electricity load. This is due to seasonal changes influencing the scale, mean, and median values found in the input data, changing their distribution. Several methods have been proposed to solve this, such as implementing automated model retraining, feature engineering, and ensemble learning. The biggest drawback, however, is that they are too complex for simple implementation in existing projects. Since the drifted data follow the same pattern as the training dataset in terms of having different scale, mean, and median values, radian scaling was proposed as a new way to scale without relying on these values. It works by converting the difference between the two sequential values into a radian for the model to compute, removing the bounding, and allowing the model to forecast beyond the training dataset scale. In the experiment, not only does the constrained gated recurrent unit model with radian scaling have shorter average training epochs, but it also lowers the average root mean square error from 158.63 to 43.375, outperforming the best existing normalization method by 72.657%.
Sustainable Synchronization of Truck Arrival and Yard Crane Scheduling in Container Terminals: An Agent-Based Simulation of Centralized and Decentralized Approaches Considering Carbon Emissions
Authors: Riaventin Veterina Nosadila , Cakravastia Andi , Cahyono Rully Tri , Suprayogi
Published: November 2024

Background: Container terminal congestion is often measured by the average turnaround time for external trucks. Reducing the average turnaround time can be resolved by controlling the yard crane operation and the arrival times of external trucks (truck appointment system). Because the truck appointment system and yard crane scheduling problem are closely interconnected, this research investigates synchronization between the approaches used in truck appointment systems and yard crane scheduling strategies. Rubber-tired gantry (RTG) operators for yard crane scheduling operations strive to reduce RTG movement time as part of the container retrieval service. However, there is a conflict between individual agent goals. While seeking to minimize truck turnaround time, RTGs may travel long distances, ultimately slowing down the RTG service. Methods: We address a method that balances individual agent goals while also considering the collective objective, thereby minimizing turnaround time. An agent-based simulation is proposed to simulate scenarios for yard crane scheduling strategies and truck appointment system approaches, which are centralized and decentralized. This study explores the combined effects of different yard scheduling strategies and truck appointment procedures on performance indicators. Various configurations of the truck appointment system and yard scheduling strategies are modeled to investigate how those factors affect the average turnaround time, yard crane utilization, and CO2 emissions. Results: At all levels of truck arrival rates, the nearest-truck-first-served (NTFS) scenario tends to provide lower external truck turnaround times than the first-come-first-served (FCFS) and nearest-truck longest-waiting-time first-served (NLFS) scenario. Conclusions: The decentralized truck appointment system (DTAS) generally shows slightly higher efficiency in emission reduction compared with centralized truck appointment system (CTAS), especially at moderate to high truck arrival rates. The decentralized approach of the truck appointment system should be accompanied by the yard scheduling strategy to obtain better performance indicators.
The Influence of Social Capital on Farmers’ Tourism Livelihood Willingness—A Study on Goulanyao Village
Authors: Zhou Huiling , Guo Yu , Jiang Yajun , Wu Ke
Published: November 2024

Based on social capital theory, semi-structured interviews were conducted with farmers in Goulanyao Village, and content analysis was used to sort out the social capital status of local farmers and how social capital shaped their tourism livelihood willingness. The results show that farmers affect their tourism livelihood willingness through four paths: the social network path, social norm path, social trust path, and cultural identity path. The mutual promotion and restriction relationship between the social network path, social norm path, and social trust path leads to the gradient difference in farmers’ own social capital perception. Social capital and cultural identity jointly affect and determine the four modes of farmers’ tourism livelihood willingness: rapid acceptance, hesitant acceptance, hesitant rejection, and rapid rejection. The research results supplement the achievements of social capital in rural tourism research and provide a reference for promoting farmers’ tourism livelihood willingness and livelihood diversification.
Study on the Thermal Control Performance of Mg-Li Alloy Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating in High-Temperature Environments
Authors: Zhang Wentao , Xin Shigang , Huang Qing , Jiao Haiyang
Published: November 2024

This paper reports on the successful preparation of a low absorption–emission thermal control coating on the surface of LAZ933 magnesium–lithium alloy using the micro-arc oxidation method. This study analyzed the microstructure, phase composition, and thermal control properties of the coating using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), UV–visible near-infrared spectroscopy (UV-VIS-NIR) and infrared emissivity measurements. The results indicate that the hemispherical emissivity of the coating remains unaffected with an increase in temperature and holding time, while the solar absorption ratio gradually increases. The thermal control performance of the coating after a high-temperature experiment was found to be related to the diffusion of the Li metal element in the magnesium lithium alloy matrix, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), flame graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) and Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GD-OES). As the holding time is extended, the coating structure gradually loosens under thermal stress. The Li metal element in the substrate diffuses outward and reacts with O2, H2O and CO2 in the air, forming LiO2, LiOH, Li2CO3 and other products. This reaction affects the coating’s solar absorption ratio in the end.
Modeling the Terminal Velocity of Rising Electrocharged Microbubbles
Authors: Pérez-Garibay Roberto , Bueno-Tokunaga Arturo , Acosta-González Francisco Andrés , Arellano-Piña Ramón
Published: November 2024

The generation of electrocharged microbubbles is very important for several separation processes (e.g., water treatment, paper industry, and mineral processing). However, their rising terminal velocities are not fully understood. This work presents a laboratory study of the terminal velocity of single microbubbles (bubble diameter (Db) < 100 µm) rising in stagnant aqueous solutions with different pH levels (from 2 to 12) and reagent types (frother and collector; 30 ppm). The measurements were compared with the respective predicted velocities computed from the Stokes and Hadamard–Rybczynski models. It was found that the terminal velocities of electrocharged microbubbles were larger than the respective predictions from the Stokes equation. A regression equation was proposed to predict the terminal velocity as a function of the bubble diameter, which showed considerable dispersion depending on the type of reagent adsorbed on its surface, the concentration of these reagents, and the physical characteristics that the boundary layer acquires by modifying the zeta potential of the microbubbles; this effect has not yet been addressed in the literature.
FLSAD: Defending Backdoor Attacks in Federated Learning via Self-Attention Distillation
Authors: Chen Lucheng , Liu Xiaoshuang , Wang Ailing , Zhai Weiwei , Cheng Xiang
Published: November 2024

Federated Learning (FL), as a distributed machine learning framework, can effectively learn symmetric and asymmetric patterns from large-scale participants. However, FL is susceptible to malicious backdoor attacks through attackers injecting triggers into the backdoored model, resulting in backdoor samples being misclassified as target classes. Due to the stealthy nature of backdoor attacks in FL, it is difficult for users to discover the symmetric and asymmetric backdoor properties. Currently, backdoor defense methods in FL cause model performance degradation while reducing backdoors. In addition, some methods will assume the existence of clean samples, which does not match the realistic scenarios. To address such issues, we propose FLSAD, an effective backdoor defense method in FL via self-attention distillation. FLSAD can recover the triggers using an entropy maximization estimator. Based on the recovered triggers, we leverage the self-attention distillation to eliminate the backdoor. Compared with the baseline backdoor defense methods, FLSAD can reduce the success rates of different state-of-the-art backdoor attacks to 2% on four real-world datasets through extensive evaluation.
A Security Situation Prediction Model for Industrial Control Network Based on Explainable Belief Rule Base
Authors: Li Guoxing , Wang Yuhe , Yang Jianbai , Li Shiming , Li Xinrong , Mo Huize
Published: November 2024

Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are vital components of industrial production, and their security posture significantly impacts operational safety. Given that ICSs frequently interact with external networks, cyberattacks can disrupt system symmetry, thereby affecting industrial processes. This paper aims to predict the network security posture of ICSs to ensure system symmetry. A prediction model for the network security posture of ICSs was established utilizing Evidence Reasoning (ER) and Explainable Belief Rule Base (BRB-e) technologies. Initially, an evaluation framework for the ICS architecture was constructed, integrating data from various layers using ER. The development of the BRB prediction model requires input from domain experts to set initial parameters; however, the subjective nature of these settings may reduce prediction accuracy. To address this issue, an ICS network security posture prediction model based on the Explainable Belief Rule Base (BRB-e) was proposed. The modeling criteria for explainability were defined based on the characteristics of the ICS network, followed by the design of the inference process for the BRB-e prediction model to enhance accuracy and precision. Additionally, a parameter optimization method for the explainable BRB-e prediction model is presented using a constrained Projection Equilibrium Optimization (P-EO) algorithm. Experiments utilizing industrial datasets were conducted to validate the reliability and effectiveness of the prediction model. Comparative analyses indicated that the BRB-e model demonstrates distinct advantages in both prediction accuracy and explainability when compared to other algorithms.
The Impact of Cruise Product Consumption Phases on Cruise Passenger Spending in a Non-Overnight Stay Port: Implications for Destination Managers
Authors: Abeal-Vázquez José-Pablo , Moss Sarah Louise , Teira-Fachado Andrea
Published: November 2024

The level of expenditure by cruise passengers in the various cities visited during their journey is a crucial variable for the key stakeholders involved in this industry. Promoting higher spending by cruise passengers in non-overnight stay ports is a challenge led by the destination manager. This study aims to shed light on the effect that different phases in the cruise passenger’s travel cycle have on their propensity to spend during their stay. Our case focuses on the city of A Coruña, a non-overnight stay port on Europe’s Atlantic arc routes, where the average spending per cruise passenger during their visit is quite low. The analysis considers the impact of passenger profiles and the cruise product consumption phases on the average spending per passenger. From a methodological perspective, we have applied logistic regression. The results indicate that the profile of the cruise passenger, variables related to the onboard journey, and the experience of the city are the factors with the greatest potential to increase cruise passenger spending during their visit to the city. This has allowed the areas of greatest impact and where actions should be focused to be identified for both the destination manager and key stakeholders.
Gravitational Lensing Effects from Models of Loop Quantum Gravity with Rigorous Quantum Parameters
Authors: Li Haida , Zhang Xiangdong
Published: November 2024

Many previous works have studied gravitational lensing effects from Loop Quantum Gravity. So far, gravitational lensing effects from Loop Quantum Gravity have only been studied by choosing large quantum parameters much larger than the Planck scale. However, by construction, the quantum parameters of the effective models of Loop Quantum Gravity are usually related to the Planck length and, thus, are extremely small. In this work, by strictly imposing the quantum parameters as initially constructed, we study the true quantum corrections of gravitational lensing effects by five effective black hole models of Loop Quantum Gravity. Our study reveals several interesting results, including the different scales of quantum corrections displayed by each model and the connection between the quantum correction of deflection angles and the quantum correction of the metric. Observables related to the gravitational lensing effect are also obtained for all models in the case of SgrA* and M87*.
Immunogenicity Assessment of a 14-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Candidate in Mice
Authors: Bei Lei , Gao Shuman , Zhao Dandan , Kou Yajuan , Liang Siyu , Wu Yurong , Zhang Xiao , Meng Dan , Lu Jianbo , Luo Chunxia , Li Xuefeng , Wang Yang , Qiu Hongbin , Xie Liangzhi
Published: November 2024

Background: Cervical cancer ranks as the fourth most common cancer affecting women globally, with HPV as the primary etiology agent. Prophylactic HPV vaccines have substantially reduced the incidence of cervical cancer. Methods: This study assessed the immunogenicity of SCT1000, a 14-valent recombinant virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine developed by Sinocelltech, Ltd. using pseudovirion-based neutralization assays (PBNAs) and total IgG Luminex immunoassays (LIAs). Currently in phase III clinical trials in China, SCT1000 targets the same HPV types as Gardasil 9®, plus five additional high-risk types, thereby covering twelve high-risk HPV types implicated in 96.4% of cervical cancer cases. Results: In murine models, a dose of 1.85 μg per mouse was identified as optimal for evaluating SCT1000’s immunogenicity in a three-dose regimen, as measured by PBNA and total IgG LIA across all 14 HPV types. SCT1000 induced high levels of protective antibodies, which were sustained for at least four months following the third dose. The vaccine also demonstrated stable and consistent immunogenicity in mouse potency assays under both long-term and accelerated conditions. Additionally, our studies revealed a strong correlation between the two serological tests used. Conclusions: SCT1000 elicited robust, durable, and consistent humoral immune responses across all 14 HPV types, indicating its potential as a broad-spectrum vaccine candidate against HPV types 6/11/16/18/31/33/35/39/45/51/52/56/58/59. The significant correlations observed between PBNA and total IgG LIA support the use of the Luminex-based total IgG method as a reliable and effective alternative for immunogenicity assessment in preclinical and future clinical vaccine development.
Oceanic Breakthroughs: Marine-Derived Innovations in Vaccination, Therapy, and Immune Health
Authors: Gamberi Chiara , Leverette Chad L. , Davis Alexis C. , Ismail Moayad , Piccialli Ilaria , Borbone Nicola , Oliviero Giorgia , Vicidomini Caterina , Palumbo Rosanna , Roviello Giovanni N.
Published: November 2024

The vast, untapped potential of the world’s oceans is revealing groundbreaking advancements in human health and vaccination. Microalgae such as Nannochloropsis spp. and Dunaliella salina are emerging as resources for recombinant vaccine development with specific and heterologous genetic tools used to boost production of functional recombinant antigens in Dunaliella salina and Nannochloropsis spp. to induce immunoprotection. In humans, several antigens produced in microalgae have shown potential in combating diseases caused by the human papillomavirus, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, influenza virus, Zika virus, Zaire Ebola virus, Plasmodium falciparum, and Staphylococcus aureus. For animals, microalgae-derived vaccine prototypes have been developed to fight against the foot-and-mouth disease virus, classical swine fever virus, vibriosis, white spot syndrome virus, and Histophilus somni. Marine organisms offer unique advantages, including the ability to express complex antigens and sustainable production. Additionally, the oceans provide an array of bioactive compounds that serve as therapeutics, potent adjuvants, delivery systems, and immunomodulatory agents. These innovations from the sea not only enhance vaccine efficacy but also contribute to broader immunological and general health. This review explores the transformative role of marine-derived substances in modern medicine, emphasizing their importance in the ongoing battle against infectious diseases.
Association of COVID-19 Vaccine Intake with Diagnosis, Hospitalization, and Oxygenation/Ventilation: A Longitudinal Analysis, 2021–2022, Japan
Authors: Odani Satomi , Honda Hitoshi , Tabuchi Takahiro
Published: November 2024

Background/Objectives: Japan’s COVID-19 vaccination campaign achieved high coverage by 2022, yet limited national-level data has hindered evaluations of vaccine effectiveness. This study analyzed the impact of vaccines on infection outcomes while considering socioeconomic and behavioral factors in the Japanese population. Methods: A total of 19,482 individuals aged 16–81 years, who participated in both the 2021 (baseline) and 2022 (follow-up) waves of an Internet-based survey, were analyzed. Vaccine intake during the follow-up period (0/1/2+ doses) served as the exposure, while outcomes included COVID-19 diagnosis, hospitalization, and receipt of oxygenation/ventilation. Adjusted prevalence ratios (APRs) were calculated using Poisson regression models, controlling for baseline characteristics such as vaccination status, infection history, underlying medical conditions, socioeconomic factors, and preventive behaviors. Results: Overall, 81.6% of respondents received at least 1 dose of COVID-19 vaccine during the follow-up period. Among those without COVID-19 history at baseline (N = 19,182), 10.9% were diagnosed with COVID-19 in the past year, and 6.6% in the past 2 months. Respondents who received 1 or 2+ doses had lower diagnosis rates (APR = 0.76 and 0.43, respectively). For the past 2 months, only those with 2+ doses showed a significant reduction (APR = 0.51). Among 1999 diagnosed cases, those with 1 or 2+ doses showed lower hospitalization and oxygenation/ventilation likelihoods, though these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions: The results supported the protective effect of COVID-19 vaccines against infection. Continued research is essential to further clarify the complex influence of vaccination, individual characteristics, and preventive behaviors on COVID-19 morbidity at the population level.
Vehicle-To-Grid (V2G) Charging and Discharging Strategies of an Integrated Supply–Demand Mechanism and User Behavior: A Recurrent Proximal Policy Optimization Approach
Authors: He Chao , Peng Junwen , Jiang Wenhui , Wang Jiacheng , Du Lijuan , Zhang Jinkui
Published: November 2024

With the increasing global demand for renewable energy and heightened environmental awareness, electric vehicles (EVs) are rapidly becoming a popular clean and efficient mode of transportation. However, the widespread adoption of EVs has presented several challenges, such as the lagging development of charging infrastructure, the impact on the power grid, and the dynamic changes in user charging behavior. To address these issues, this paper first proposes a vehicle-to-grid (V2G) optimization framework that responds to regional dynamic pricing. It also considers power balancing in charging and discharging stations when a large number of EVs are involved in scheduling, with the aim of maximizing the benefits for EV owners. Next, by leveraging the interaction between environmental states and the dynamic behavior of EVs, we design an optimization algorithm that combines the recurrent proximal policy optimization (RPPO) algorithm and long short-term memory (LSTM) networks. This approach enhances system convergence and improves grid stability while maximizing benefits for EV owners. Finally, a simulation platform is used to validate the practical application of the RPPO algorithm in optimizing V2G and grid-to-vehicle (G2V) charging strategies, providing significant theoretical foundations and technical support for the development of smart grids and sustainable transportation systems.
Paramedic or GP consultations in primary care: prospective study comparing costs and outcomes
Authors: Hollingworth William , Gadah-Jeynes Nouf S , Taylor Hazel , Garfield Kirsty , Voss Sarah , Booker Matthew
Published: November 2024

Background

General practice faces pressures because of increased demand and a shortage of GPs. Paramedics in general practice (PGPs) increasingly contribute to managing minor illnesses, conducting home visits, and providing urgent consultations.

Aim

To explore the impact of paramedic consultations on patient-reported experience, safe management, and NHS costs.

Design and setting

Prospective cohort study comparing PGP with GP consultations at 34 GP sites in England.

Method

Eligible participants had a consultation with a PGP (25 PGP sites) or GP (nine non-PGP sites) between May 2022 and February 2023. Questionnaires were provided after the initial consultation and 30 days later. Questionnaires assessed patient experience, outcomes, and perceived safety (PCOQ and PREOS PC), quality of life (EQ-5D-5L), and healthcare use.

Results

Of 715 participants recruited, 489 completed the 30-day questionnaire. No evidence was found that PGP consultations resulted in greater improvement/deterioration in patient-reported health and wellbeing (−0.03, 95% confidence interval [CI] = −0.09 to 0.04); confidence in health provision (−0.05, 95% CI = −0.15 to 0.05); health knowledge (0.05, 95% CI = −0.04 to 0.15); or confidence in the health plan (−0.06, 95% CI = −0.11 to −0.01) over the 30-day period. However, the PGP group reported lower confidence in health provision (mean 4.0 versus 4.5;P<0.001), poorer perceptions of practice engagement in safety promotion (median 75 versus 88;P<0.001), and more communication problems with staff (17% versus 8%;P<0.001) immediately after the initial consultation. Patients receiving PGP consultations reported fewer GP appointments during the 30-day period; however, savings to the NHS were offset by higher use of other healthcare professionals.

Conclusion

Well-designed training and supervision are needed to ensure PGPs have the right knowledge and can clearly convey healthcare plans to patients. While PGPs may reduce GP workload pressure, they do not necessarily reduce NHS costs.
"Projeto Vozes": ensino, pesquisa e divulgação científica a partir de uma aula de Antropologia
Authors: Eilbaum Lucía , Viana Palucci Júlia , Pitasse Fragoso Mariana , Ignacio Barbosa Maria Vitória
Published: November 2024

Este artigo aborda uma experiência de ensino de Antropologia, focando na articulação entre docência, pesquisa e divulgação científica. Entendemos que atualmente tais dimensões são constitutivas da prática antropológica, baseada em uma forma de produção de conhecimento a partir de múltiplos diálogos. O artigo estrutura-se a partir do relato da experiência docente vivenciada pelas autoras na disciplina “Antropologia e Educação” do curso de Antropologia da Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), na cidade de Niterói, Brasil. Nessa experiência, propusemos como método de trabalho a construção coletiva de uma ferramenta que permitisse a introdução dos alunos à prática de pesquisa e a uma forma inicial de divulgação científica: um podcast de Antropologia produzido coletivamente. O resultado desta proposta de trabalho foi apresentar os estudantes à perspectiva antropológica a partir de uma experiência na qual foram protagonistas do diálogo com diferentes atores.
Ecossistemas pedagógicos em situações de hostilidade educacional: um exercício de autoetnografia e antropologia autorreflexiva
Authors: Couceiro Luiz
Published: November 2024

Pretendo apresentar argumentos de base etnográfica sobre uma experiência de ensino-aprendizagem em ambiente universitário para sustentar a validade do uso analíticos do conceito de ecossistemas pedagógicos, para a compreensão de situações de hostilidade educacional. No texto, as perspectivas de entendimentos dos(as) alunos(as) são parte fundamental das discussões, estabelecidas a partir de literatura especializada em antropologia em processos educacionais, mas não somente. No presente artigo, opero no registro de análise de exercício pedagógico exploratório de autoetnografia e antropologia autorreflexiva.
Rare helminthic variants in ophthalmologic practice in the Far East
Authors: Shamray V. S. , Shulgina N. A.
Published: November 2024

In this work, we carry out a literature review into the current knowledge of the rarest ophthalmic helminthoses, including approaches to their timely diagnosis and effective therapy. In terms of their rarity, ocular forms of helminthoses should be classified into relatively frequent forms, such as toxocarosis, and rarer forms, such as those with the infestation of the visual organ and the development of paragonimiasis and dirofilariosis. The epidemiology of ocular onchocerciasis in the Far East of the Russian Federation is not only exclusively imported, but also has an orphan prevalence. The lack of adequate biomicroscopic visualization of the causative agent of dirofilariasis is the main limiting factor in the management of these patients, which affects both diagnosis and treatment. The masquerade syndrome in the clinical course of paragonimiasis is a factor that prioritizes anamnestic findings, which are most often confined to the consumption of an additional host, most often improperly processed crayfish. Ophthalmologic and cerebral forms require radiologic imaging with detection of characteristic MRI patterns. At the current stage of medicine development, drug therapy is sufficient to resolve the pathologic process in ocular paragonimiasis. Ophthalmologists should carry out a more comprehensive assessment of the somatic status of each patient resistant to primary, often empirical, therapy in order to exclude parasitological causes.
Relationship between anthropometric indicators and respiratory muscle strength in chronic heart failure
Authors: Baykina N. G. , Silkina T. A. , Ivanov K. M.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To determine, according to anthropometry, caliperometry, and dynamometry, the parameters determining individual physical development and somatotypes, as well as to identify their relationship with the strength of the respiratory muscles (RM) in the initial and clinically pronounced stages of chronic heart failure (CHF) with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Materials and methods. 58 patients of both sexes aged 45 to 72 years were examined. The patients were divided into two groups: the main group (patients with CHF) and the comparison group (patients without CHF). All patients underwent anthropometric measurements, caliperometry, and dynamometry. The strength of RM was determined. Statistical processing was carried out using nonparametric methods. The indicators were considered reliable at p < 0.05. Results. When determining somatotypes, a high incidence of endomorphic type was revealed in patients with CHF with a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The indices of RM strength did not significantly differ in both groups. The analysis of anthropometry parameters revealed high values in patients with weakness of inspiratory and expiratory muscles in CHF with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. Conclusion. (1) Endomorphic somatotype was more common in patients with clinically pronounced CHF with preserved ejection fraction. (2) In the patients with CHF and RM weakness, the level of the N-terminal fragment of natriuretic cerebral propeptide was higher compared to the patients with CHF with a preserved fraction of the left ventricle with preserved RM strength (p = 0.05). (3) With an increase in the functional class of CHF, the tendency to decrease the strength of inspiratory muscles increases (F = 3,3; p = 0,027). (4) In all examined patients, a positive correlation was found between the strength of RM and the results of carpal dynamometry. In the CHF patients with preserved left ventricular fraction, anthropometry parameters correlated only with the maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), while those in patients without CHF correlated both with maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) and MEP.
Effect of sodium benzoate injections on the dentin biomineral ultrastructure of the lower incisor in white rats and its correction possibilities
Authors: Bibik V. V.
Published: November 2024

Objective. To establish changes in the dentin biomineral ultrastructure of the lower incisor of white rats after a 60-day period of sodium benzoate (SB) injections and to substantiate the possibility of their correction with mexidol (MD) or thiotriazoline (TTZ). Materials and methods. 175 male rats weighing 200–210 g were used. SB was injected at a dose of 100 mg/kg/day, MD at a dose of 50 mg/kg/day, and TTZ at a dose of 117.4 mg/kg/day. The dentin biomineral ultrastructure of the lower incisor was studied by XRD analysis. Results. After a 60-day administration of SB, the crystallite sizes were larger than those in the control group from days 3 to 24 of readaptation by 6.06%, 7.88%, 6.58%, and 4.08%; the microtexturing coefficient (MC) from days 3 to 45 was lower by 8.23%, 6.53%, 8.12%, 6.77% and 4.90%. With the introduction of MD, dentin MC from days 10 to 45 exceeded the values of the control group by 2.75%, 3.31%, 3.64%, and 3.31%. With the introduction of TTZ, crystallite sizes from 3 to 15 days decreased by 3.87%, 5.23%, and 4.80%, and MC from 3 to 45 days increased by 2.76%, 3.43%, 3.83%, 4.09%, and 3.33%.Conclusion. SB injections to experimental animals is accompanied by destabilization of the dentin biomineral of the lower incisors. The introduction of MD or TTZ mitigates changes in the dentin biomineral ultrastructure. The use of TTZ was shown to be more effective.
Prognostic algorithm for risk assessment of retinal vein occlusion under geomagnetic perturbations
Authors: Kolenko O. V. , Pomytkina N. V. , Sorokin E. L. , Pashentsev Ya. E.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To develop a screening and prognostic algorithm for assessing the risk of retinal vein occlusion in patients with arterial hypertension under the conditions of geomagnetic disturbances. Material and methods. In total, 1512 patients with arterial hypertension of 1–4 stages were examined. Within the period of three years, 391 patients developed retinal venous occlusions. The parameters of systemic and regional hemodynamics in these patients, as well as ocular microcirculatory function, were compared both in a magnetically calm environment and during geomagnetic disturbances. To simulate the response of microcirculatory bed to stress, a functional pharmacological instillation test with a 10% Irifrin solution was performed. To assess the geomagnetic situation, the Кр index was used, which objectively characterizes fluctuations of the Earth’s magnetic field over a 3h time interval. The International Classification of Кр values was used. Results. For statistical analysis, 78 studied signs of systemic, regional hemodynamics, and microcirculation were selected. The prognostic significance of 30 studied signs was revealed. A training group (1434 people) and an examination group (78 people) were formed. Based on the training group, a predictive algorithm was formed. A number of regularities were established, which can be used to create a system for risk assessment of retinal vein thrombosis during geomagnetic disturbances in patients with hypertension. To determine the risk of retinal vein occlusion, a coefficient was developed. The algorithm showed the sensitivity and specificity of 89% and 94%, respectively. Conclusion. A prognostic algorithm with high sensitivity and specificity for assessing the risk of occlusive lesions of the retinal veins during geomagnetic disturbances in patients with arterial hypertension is proposed.
Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in Primorsky Krai
Authors: Popov A. F. , Kolpakov S. L. , Zakharova G. A. , Ivanis V. A. , Bondar G. N.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To characterize imported cases of dengue fever in Primorsky Krai and to establish the clinical and epidemiological features of the disease. Materials and methods. A retrospective clinical and epidemiological descriptive study was conducted. The material was 71 maps of an epidemiological survey of people sick with dengue fever for the period from 2012 to 2023, as well as 66 case histories. Results. The peak incidence occurred in 2018, with the intensity of 0.78 per 100 thousand population. Since 2012, the cases of dengue fever had been reported every year, except for 2021–22. The import was carried out from the region of Southeast Asia, often from Thailand, mainly in the winter–spring period. The disease was characterized by an acute onset, a persistent fever for 7.1 ± 0.2 days, symptoms of general intoxication, and the appearance of maculopapular exanthema (97.0%). Dengue hemorrhagic fever in the structure of identified cases was 3.0%. Cytolysis (83.3%), leukopenia (72.7%), thrombocytopenia (60.6%), and lymphocytosis (72.2%) were observed in the blood test. Conclusions. Considering the significant excess of the average incidence rate in the Russian Federation, the epidemiological situation regarding the import of dengue fever into the Primorsky Krai can be considered unfavorable. Diagnosis should take into account the clinical characteristics and morbidity risks of the disease.
Analysis of epidemiological and clinical manifestations of foodborne botulism in the Volgograd region
Authors: Kuvshinova T. D. , Makarova I. V. , Chernyavskaya O. A. , Osipov A. V. , Belikova E. A. , Timonova M. S.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To analyze the situation regarding manifestations of foodborne botulism in the Volgograd region in the 2005–2023 period.Materials and methods. A retrospective analysis of 158 records of hospital patients with a diagnosis of foodborne botulism was carried out. The epidemiological data under analysis included transmission factors and outcomes. The clinical data under analysis were duration of the incubation period, severity of clinical manifestations at the time of admission and during the course of the disease, severity of changes in laboratory parameters, studies of biological material for the presence of botulinum toxin. Statistical data were processed using the MS Excel and Stastica 10.0 MS Office software packages. Results. Predominant sporadic cases of botulism were identified. The leading factors of infection transmission and the predominant type of botulinum toxin in the Volgograd region in the period from 2005 to 2023 were determined.Conclusion. Physicians and other specialists working in outpatient facilities and hospital emergency departments should maintain updated knowledge about this severe food bacterial poisoning.
Probability assessment method for intrapelvic anastomoses of superior gluteal artery in humans
Authors: Kuzmenko A. V. , Zhdanovich V. N.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To develop mathematical models for determining the probability of intrapelvic anastomoses of the superior gluteal artery (SGA) in males and females. Materials and methods. Numerical data for discriminant analysis were obtained as a result of studies on 132 unidentified male (aged 40 to 60 years) and 60 female (aged 35 to 74 years) corpses. The following methods were used: preparation, morphometry, injection of blood vessels, somatotyping, mathematical modeling. Results. The length and diameter of SGA in men and women were found to be statistically significant predictor variables for the linear discriminant function. When assessing the probability of intrapelvic anastomoses of SGA using the proposed mathematical model, its accuracy was found to be 93.8 and 91.7% for men and women, respectively. The assignment of each new case to a group of males with a high or low probability of having intrapelvic anastomoses can be calculated using the following formulas: y0 = -11.174 + 1.465x1 + 5.139x2 and y1 = -31.459 + 4.101x1 + 6.436x2, in groups of females – y0 = -99.896 + 1.821x1 + 2.964x2 and y1 = -103.737 + 3.685x1 + 3.493x2. Here, x1 is the SGA diameter for each new case and x2 is the SGA length for each new case. If y0 > y1, then the man or woman belongs to the group with a low probability of having intrapelvic anastomoses of the SGA. If y0 < y1, then the people belong to a group with a high probability of having similar intrapelvic collaterals. Conclusion. The developed mathematical models can be used to predict the presence or absence of intrapelvic anastomoses of SGA in males and females with sufficiently high accuracy.
Assessment of the disease course, diagnosis, and treatment of the new coronavirus infection in a Stavropol multidisciplinary hospital during the COVID-19 pandemic
Authors: Afanasiev N. E. , Pozdnyakova O. Y. , Koshel T. E.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To evaluate the disease course, laboratory diagnosis, and treatment results of COVID-19 patients. Materials and methods. In the period from January to December 2021, the moderate and severe COVID-19 forms complicated by polysegmental community-acquired pneumonia were monitored in 861 patients admitted to Stavropol Clinical City Hospital No. 3. Patients were assessed according to laboratory data, body mass index, concomitant diseases, gender, age, duration of inpatient treatment, and disease outcome. Results. More than half of the COVID-19 patients were overweight and had concomitant diseases at the time of admission, which significantly worsened the course and prognosis of the disease. The inflammation predictors (C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, fibrinogen, D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase) were found to have an important role, with their indicators correlating significantly with the severity of the patient’s condition. Dynamic monitoring of these laboratory parameters served as a marker of the adequacy of the therapy; however, these were not always a criterion for prescribing antibacterial therapy. Bacteriological diagnostics was applied only in 9.4% of cases. Conclusion. Although the COVID-19 severity was not associated with gender, it correlated significantly with age and the presence of comorbid cardiovascular, bronchopulmonary, and endocrine diseases. A retrospective analysis revealed characteristic laboratory markers of the severity of COVID-19 infection. It was revealed that the initial empirical ABT was initiated in 94% of cases in the absence of reliable objective signs of bacterial infection.
Bilateral dimorphism of the auricles in adolescent males in the Lugansk People's Republic
Authors: Volosnik A. S.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To identify somatotypological features of linear parameters and bilateral dimorphism of the auricles in adolescent males.Materials and methods. In total, 140 adolescent males (19.05 ± 0.71 years) in the Lugansk People's Republic were examined. Following somatotyping and cephalotyping, the left and right auricles were photographed. Digital photographs were uploaded to the ImageJ software, which was used to determine 20 sizes of the auricle. An ANOVA analysis of the obtained results was carried out. The index of bilateral dimorphism of each auriculometry parameter was determined. Results. All studied parameters of the left auricle, except for its width, exceeded those of the auricle of the contralateral side. Conclusion. The highest values of the bilateral dimorphism index were observed when studying the height of the tragus and antitragus in males, regardless of their cephalotype.
Efficacy and safety of favipiravir and remdesivir in COVID-19 patients: Clinical data
Authors: Petrov V. I. , Ryazanova A. Yu. , Tokareva N. S.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of favipiravir and remdesivir in the infectious disease hospital of the Volgograd region in 2022. Materials and methods. In total, 559 medical records of patients prescribed favipiravir or remdesivir in 2022 were studied. Long-term results of the drug use and disease outcomes after discharge or transfer to another medical institution were assessed using the Federal registry of people with COVID-19. Results. Favipiravir was more frequently prescribed in mild cases of the disease. After excluding patients without signs of lung injury from the analysis, there were no significant differences in mortality and improvement. Patients receiving favipiravir had lower odds of ALT elevations above 5 upper limits of normal and developing drug-induced liver injury with a possible RUCAM score compared with patients receiving remdesivir (OR = 0.40, 95CI 0.20–0.80 and OR = 0.30, 95 CI 0.08–1.08). Conclusion. The limited experience of the use of favipiravir for COVID-19 necessitates further research into its efficacy and safety, particularly when prescribing warfarin and high doses of direct anticoagulants simultaneously.
Indicator dynamics of the “Combating Cardiovascular Diseases” regional program aimed at reducing mortality from acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Shprakh V. V. , Velm O. V.
Published: November 2024

Aim. To analyze the dynamics of the application of medical and organizational technologies for achieving the target reduction of mortality from acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in the region. Materials and methods. In 2018, the research covered 1 regional vascular center (RVC), 8 primary vascular departments (PVD), and 41 medical organizations (MO). In 2022, the structure of medical organizations changed to include 3 RSCs, 9 PSOs, and 39 MOs. The indicators characterizing the provision of medical care to ACS patients in the Irkutsk region were calculated and analyzed. The presence, direction, and strength of correlation between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of medical and organizational activities was studied using linear correlation analysis by the Pearson method. Results. Over time, the share of hospitalization of patients with ACS in the early stages up to 12 hours increased from 42.1% to 46.5%. The mortality rate from ACS decreased by 20.4%, primarily due to a decrease in mortality in the first 24 hours (by 28.7%). The key medical and organizational technologies that have the greatest impact on mortality rates were identified. A strong relationship (r = -0.729) was established between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of patients transferred to the regional vascular center for emergency coronoplasty; two medium-level relationships (r = -0.343) were found between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of hospitalized patients with ACS in the first 12 hours; a correlation (r = -0.415) was determined between the number of deaths from ACS and the number of hospitalized patients who underwent thrombolytic therapy. The linear regression method showed that the availability of such procedures as emergency coronoplasty and thrombolytic therapy has prognostic significance for further reduction of the expected number of deaths from ACS in the region. Conclusion. The creation of the RVC and PVD infrastructure in the region allowed the major indicators of the “Combating Cardiovascular Diseases” regional program to be achieved.
COVID-19-induced paraneoplastic polydermatomyositis seropositive for Brucella spp antibodies
Authors: Mikhailov A. O. , Markelova E. V. , Sokotun S. A. , Simakova A. I. , Kudryashova E. S. , Dmitrenko K. A. , Talyzina E. A. , Gafarova O. V.
Published: November 2024

Paraneoplastic syndromes, including paraneoplastic dermatoses, represent a pressing problem for dermatovenereologists, infectious disease specialists and therapists due to the necessity of having broad knowledge in related disciplines. Our article examines a clinical case of the onset of paraneorplastic polydermatomyositis against the background of a new coronavirus infection in a patient with exacerbation of paranoid schizophrenia. When paraneoplastic syndrome manifested itself in this clinical situation, a differential diagnostic search was carried out at the junction of several nosological units, such as the locomotor primary latent form of brucellosis, trichinosis, polydermatomyositis, and steroid myopathy. Taking into account the epidemiological history and the fact of the patient’s residing in a rural area, it was first necessary to exclude the infectious nature of these manifestations, as well as autoimmune pathology involving muscles and skin. A wide range of laboratory and instrumental examination methods were carried out, including false-positive IgM results for the causative agent of brucellosis, which can be explained within the framework of paraneoplastic syndrome and the tumor’s synthesis of biologically active substances. The results formed the basis for the entire clinical picture of the disease. Identification of the oncological process, which became possible with the appearance of pathognomonic clinical symptoms, made it possible to establish the histological picture of the disease and to launch treatment for this patient. In addition, the final clinical diagnosis was complicated by the presence of an underlying disease that required constant use of antipsychotics and the lack of control of the ongoing basic pharmacotherapy in the form of monitoring prolactin levels and assessing the general condition of the body systems.
Association for Counseling Sexology and Sexual Wellness Exemplary Practices for Counseling Sexology and Sexual Wellness
Authors:   College of William and Mary, Pope Amber , Parker Brean'a ,   North Carolina State University at Raleigh, Augustine Bianca ,   College of William and Mary, Ausloos Clark ,   Oakland University, Lytle Juliana ,   Prescott College
Published: November 2024

In this document, we present exemplary practices for counseling sexology and sexual wellness. These professional guidelines advance practice, research, and education in sexuality and sexual health within the counseling profession. The exemplary practices are grounded in critical theories to center the experiences of diverse clients, contextualize the role of culture, environment, and history in shaping our sexualities, and celebrate varied ways of being. We detail 12 exemplary practice areas for sexuality counseling across the following domains: a) attitudes, beliefs, & understanding of historical influences; b) knowledge; c) counseling skills; d) action and advocacy; and e) counselor education and supervision.