bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Axial thrust instability analysis and estimation theory of high speed centrifugal pump
Authors: Zhu Zuchao , Lin Yanpi , Li Xiaojun , Zhai Lulu , Lin Tong
Published: June 2022

High-speed centrifugal pumps are widely used in the aerospace and chemical industries. However, the large axial thrust of a rotor due to high rotating speeds exacerbates the device operation instability. Herein, the axial thrust characteristics of a high-speed centrifugal pump under variable speed conditions are analyzed via numerical simulations and experiments. Results show that at high rotating speeds, although the dynamic reaction of the impeller and axial force on the inducer blade only account for a small proportion of the axial thrust, they are the main sources of axial thrust instability. Moreover, axial thrust exhibits a linear relation with the axial force acting on the front and back surfaces of the impeller, and the values of these parameters are very close. However, huge errors are afforded when these two parameters are interchanged, and many axial thrust estimation models ignore this. Therefore, considering the influence of the impeller dynamic reaction and the axial force of the inducer blade on axial thrust, this study proposes an estimation theory for predicting axial thrust. Comparison of the prediction results of the estimation theory and the numerical simulation results reveals that the maximum and minimum relative errors of these two parameters are 11.1% and 2.6%, respectively, under different rotational speeds, thereby suggesting that the prediction results of the estimation theory are sufficiently accurate. The estimation theory can greatly reduce the calculation cost, shorten the design cycle of the centrifugal pump, and provide certain reference for engineering practice.
Increase in telemental health services on the Medicare Benefits Schedule after the start of the coronavirus pandemic: data from 2019 to 2021
Authors: Snoswell Centaine L. , Arnautovska Urska , Haydon Helen M. , Siskind Dan , Smith Anthony C.
Published: June 2022

Objective To describe the change in telemental health service volume that resulted from the introduction of the Medicare Benefits Schedule (MBS) item numbers in 2020 for services provided by psychologists and psychiatrists in Australia for a 3-year period, from January 2019 to December 2021. Methods Quarterly MBS activity and cost data for mental health services provided by consultant psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and psychologists between January 2019 and December 2021 were extracted from the MBS statistics website. Data were grouped by profession and delivery mode (in-person, telephone or videoconference) and reported using activity counts. Descriptive analysis and interrupted time-series regression analysis were conducted. Specific descriptive explorations were also conducted for psychiatrists, including: new client consultations, review or general consultations, and group consultations. Results The delivery of mental health services by telehealth (telemental health) during the pandemic has increased (P < 0.0001). When the pandemic started in March 2020, telemental health services provided by psychiatrists and psychologists increased from a combined 1–2% per quarter to 29% videoconference and 20% telephone in quarter two 2020. After the onset of the pandemic, videoconference remained the primary form of telehealth for these professions. However, the telephone accounted for approximately a third of the telehealth activity after the new item numbers were introduced. Conclusion Telemental health services are more likely to be conducted by videoconference than by telephone. The observed increase in telehealth service activity confirms how crucial appropriate funding models are to the sustainability of telehealth services in Australia. The growth in telehealth was used to support people with mental health conditions in Australia.
Corrigendum to: Firebrand transport from a novel firebrand generator: numerical simulation of laboratory experiments
Authors: Wadhwani R. , Sutherland D. , Ooi A. , Moinuddin K.
Published: June 2022

Firebrands (often called embers) increase the propagation rate of wildfires and often cause the ignition and destruction of houses. Predicting the motion of firebrands and the ignition of new fires is therefore of significant interest to fire authorities. Numerical models have the potential to accurately predict firebrand transport. The present study focuses on conducting a set of benchmark experiments using a novel firebrand generator, a device that produces controlled and repeatable sets of firebrands, and validating a numerical model for firebrand transport against this set of experiments. The validation is conducted for the transport of non-burning and burning cubiform firebrand particles at two flow speeds. Four generic drag sub-models used to estimate drag coefficients that are suited for a wide variety of firebrand shapes are verified for their applicability to firebrand transport modelling. The four sub-models are found to be good in various degrees at predicting the transport of firebrand particles.
A hybrid empirical and parametric approach for managing ecosystem complexity: Water quality in Lake Geneva under nonstationary futures
Authors: Deyle Ethan R. , Bouffard Damien , Frossard Victor , Schwefel Robert , Melack John , Sugihara George
Published: June 2022

Severe deterioration of water quality in lakes, characterized by overabundance of algae and declining dissolved oxygen in the deep lake (DO
B
), was one of the ecological crises of the 20th century. Even with large reductions in phosphorus loading, termed “reoligotrophication,” DO
B
and chlorophyll (CHL) have often not returned to their expected pre–20th-century levels. Concurrently, management of lake health has been confounded by possible consequences of climate change, particularly since the effects of climate are not neatly separable from the effects of eutrophication. Here, using Lake Geneva as an iconic example, we demonstrate a complementary alternative to parametric models for understanding and managing lake systems. This involves establishing an empirically-driven baseline that uses supervised machine learning to capture the changing interdependencies among biogeochemical variables and then combining the empirical model with a more conventional equation-based model of lake physics to predict DO
B
over decadal time-scales. The hybrid model not only leads to substantially better forecasts, but also to a more actionable description of the emergent rates and processes (biogeochemical, ecological, etc.) that drive water quality. Notably, the hybrid model suggests that the impact of a moderate 3°C air temperature increase on water quality would be on the same order as the eutrophication of the previous century. The study provides a template and a practical path forward to cope with shifts in ecology to manage environmental systems for non-analogue futures.
Action-driven remapping of hippocampal neuronal populations in jumping rats
Authors: Green Laura , Tingley David , Rinzel John , Buzsáki György
Published: June 2022

The current dominant view of the hippocampus is that it is a navigation “device” guided by environmental inputs. Yet, a critical aspect of navigation is a sequence of planned, coordinated actions. We examined the role of action in the neuronal organization of the hippocampus by training rats to jump a gap on a linear track. Recording local field potentials and ensembles of single units in the hippocampus, we found that jumping produced a stereotypic behavior associated with consistent electrophysiological patterns, including phase reset of theta oscillations, predictable global firing-rate changes, and population vector shifts of hippocampal neurons. A subset of neurons (“jump cells”) were systematically affected by the gap but only in one direction of travel. Novel place fields emerged and others were either boosted or attenuated by jumping, yet the theta spike phase versus animal position relationship remained unaltered. Thus, jumping involves an action plan for the animal to traverse the same route as without jumping, which is faithfully tracked by hippocampal neuronal activity.
Stress-induced high-

T
c

superconductivity in solid molecular hydrogen
Authors: Song Xianqi , Liu Chang , Li Quan , Hemley Russell J. , Ma Yanming , Chen Changfeng
Published: June 2022

Solid molecular hydrogen has been predicted to be metallic and high-temperature superconducting at ultrahigh hydrostatic pressures that push current experimental limits. Meanwhile, little is known about the influence of nonhydrostatic conditions on its electronic properties at extreme pressures where anisotropic stresses are inevitably present and may also be intentionally introduced. Here we show by first-principles calculations that solid molecular hydrogen compressed to multimegabar pressures can sustain large anisotropic compressive or shear stresses that, in turn, cause major crystal symmetry reduction and charge redistribution that accelerate bandgap closure and promote superconductivity relative to pure hydrostatic compression. Our findings highlight a hitherto largely unexplored mechanism for creating superconducting dense hydrogen, with implications for exploring similar phenomena in hydrogen-rich compounds and other molecular crystals.
Biological control of insect pests by insect parasitoids and predators: the BIOCAT database.
Authors:   International Institute of Biological Control, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berks. SL5 7TA, UK., Greathead D. J. , Greathead A. H. ,   International Institute of Biological Control, Silwood Park, Buckhurst Road, Ascot, Berks. SL5 7TA, UK.
Published: June 2022

The structure of the BIOCAT database, which contains records of the introductions of insect natural enemies for the control of insect pests worldwide, and is now available online, is explained. It is a useful summary of biological control effort and a guide to factors which may influence the success of introduction programmes, but is not detailed enough for making firm predictions.
Residual neuromuscular fatigue influences subsequent on‐court activity in basketball
Authors: Palmer Jodie A. , Bini Rodrigo R. , Wundersitz Daniel W. T. , Kingsley Michael I. C.
Published: June 2022

The aim of this study was to determine if residual neuromuscular fatigue influenced subsequent match and training activity in professional women's basketball. Prior to matches and training sessions throughout a season, players performed countermovement jumps while wearing a magnetic, angular rate and gravity (acceleration) sensor on their upper back. Flight time to contraction time ratio was used to determine neuromuscular performance and to identify neuromuscular fatigue. Average session intensity and volume, the proportion of live time spent in different intensity bands (matches), and absolute and relative time spent in different intensity bands (training) were quantified using accelerometry. Residual neuromuscular fatigue was deemed to be present when the decrement in neuromuscular performance relative to pre‐season baseline was greater than the smallest worthwhile change. Players displayed residual neuromuscular fatigue before 16% of matches and 33% of training sessions. When players were fatigued prior to matches, the proportion of live time undertaking supramaximal activity was 5.7% less (p = 0.02) and moderate‐vigorous activity was 3.7% more than when not fatigued (p = 0.02). When fatigued prior to training, the players displayed a 2.6% decrement in average intensity (p = 0.02), 2.8% decrement in absolute (p = 0.01) and 5.0% decrement in relative (p = 0.01) maximal activity, as well as 13.3% decrement in absolute (p < 0.01) and 6.8% decrement in relative (p < 0.01) supramaximal activity when compared to not being fatigued. These findings suggest that residual neuromuscular fatigue influences players’ ability to perform supramaximal activity, which highlights the importance of monitoring neuromuscular performance throughout a professional season.
Publication trends in cochlear implantation outcome measures
Authors: Sethukumar Priya , Amin Nikul , Hall Andrew , Nash Robert
Published: June 2022

Objective

To review trends in outcome domains and instruments reported by modern researchers in 100 consecutively published articles on cochlear implantation (CI).

Methods

Retrograde literature review of Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane Databases of 100 consecutive scientific publications. Outcome domains and instruments from each included study were extracted in categories: speech perception, speech development, sound perception, electrophysiological and quality of life.

Results

61 studies met inclusion criteria. 84 outcome measures were reported in total across all 61 studies. Across the 42 studies reporting speech perception, 31 different measures were utilised. Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Consonant Nucleus Consonant (CNC) were the most frequently used instruments. Nine studies reported speech development, with 11 different instruments used. Speech Intelligibility Rating (SIR) was most frequently used instrument. Sixteen studies reported on sound perception, with Pure Tone Audiometry (PTA) being the most frequently used instrument. Eleven studies reported six different electrophysiological instruments, with Auditory Brainstem Response (ABR) being used most frequently used. Two studies measured quality of life outcome, with three instruments used.

Conclusion

This study confirms a large degree of CI outcome heterogeneity within the peer reviewed literature. Determining consensus on core outcome domains and recommended instruments may increase the future impact and generalisability of work undertaken.
Four statements and a storyline – discourses in urban green transformation
Authors: Skorstad Berit , Mohus Thina
Published: June 2022

As global society acknowledges the need for fundamental changes because of the climate crisis, local communities are addressing this need in diverse ways. This article uses discourse analysis to examine official documents and interviews with key actors in a Norwegian city that describes itself as future-oriented and ready for fundamental green transformation. The city is planning a large-scale urban green development project to improve mobility, infrastructure, waste treatment, and renovation. There are few critical voices and there is support from all political parties in the municipality. The findings indicate that the restructuring projects, although highly original, have a pragmatic foundation. Our findings illustrate how crisis communication can be transformed from a problem-oriented, prosaic, and even paralysing narrative to an optimistic, opportunistic, and imaginative storyline. However, the findings also reveal a ‘discourse coalition’ of technocrats and administrators characterised by competition, market and administrative logics, signalling the depoliticisation of local climate politics.
On the dielectric and mechanical characterization of tissue‐mimicking breast phantoms
Authors: Di Meo Simona , Cannatà Alessia , Morganti Simone , Matrone Giulia , Pasian Marco
Published: June 2022

Objective. In this paper, we focus on the dielectric and mechanical characterization of tissue-mimicking breast phantoms. Approach. Starting from recipes previously proposed by our research group, based on easy-to-handle, cheap and safe components (i.e. sunflower oil, deionized water, dishwashing liquid and gelatin), we produced and tested, both dielectrically and mechanically, more than 100 samples. The dielectric properties were measured from 500 MHz to 14 GHz, the Cole–Cole parameters were derived to describe the dielectric behaviour in a broader frequency range, and the results were compared with dielectric properties of human breast ex vivo tissues up to 50 GHz. The macroscale mechanical properties were measured by means of unconfined compression tests, and the impact of the experimental conditions (i.e. preload and test speed) on the measured Young’s moduli was analysed. In addition, the mechanical contrast between healthy- and malignant-tissue-like phantoms was evaluated. Main results. The results agree with the literature in the cases in which the experimental conditions are known, demonstrating the possibility to fabricate phantoms able to mimic both dielectric and mechanical properties of breast tissues. Significance. In this work, for the first time, a range of materials reproducing all the categories of breast tissues were experimentally characterized, both from a dielectric and mechanical point of view. A large range of frequency were considered for the dielectric measurements and several combinations of experimental conditions were investigated in the context of the mechanical characterization. The proposed results can be useful in the design and testing of complementary or supplementary techniques for breast cancer detection based on micro/millimetre-waves, possibly in connection with other imaging modalities.
LRR-CED: low-resolution reconstruction-aware convolutional encoder–decoder network for direct sparse-view CT image reconstruction
Authors: Kandarpa V S S , Perelli Alessandro , Bousse Alexandre , Visvikis Dimitris
Published: June 2022

Objective. Sparse-view computed tomography (CT) reconstruction has been at the forefront of research in medical imaging. Reducing the total x-ray radiation dose to the patient while preserving the reconstruction accuracy is a big challenge. The sparse-view approach is based on reducing the number of rotation angles, which leads to poor quality reconstructed images as it introduces several artifacts. These artifacts are more clearly visible in traditional reconstruction methods like the filtered-backprojection (FBP) algorithm. Approach. Over the years, several model-based iterative and more recently deep learning-based methods have been proposed to improve sparse-view CT reconstruction. Many deep learning-based methods improve FBP-reconstructed images as a post-processing step. In this work, we propose a direct deep learning-based reconstruction that exploits the information from low-dimensional scout images, to learn the projection-to-image mapping. This is done by concatenating FBP scout images at multiple resolutions in the decoder part of a convolutional encoder–decoder (CED). Main results. This approach is investigated on two different networks, based on Dense Blocks and U-Net to show that a direct mapping can be learned from a sinogram to an image. The results are compared to two post-processing deep learning methods (FBP-ConvNet and DD-Net) and an iterative method that uses a total variation (TV) regularization. Significance. This work presents a novel method that uses information from both sinogram and low-resolution scout images for sparse-view CT image reconstruction. We also generalize this idea by demonstrating results with two different neural networks. This work is in the direction of exploring deep learning across the various stages of the image reconstruction pipeline involving data correction, domain transfer and image improvement.
Investigation of the complex magnetic behavior of Ni46.86Co2.91Mn38.17Sn12.06 (at%) magnetic shape memory alloy at low temperatures
Authors: Yıldırım Oğuz , Yuce Suheyla , Bruno Nickolaus M , Doğan Emel Kilit , Yurtseven Hamit , Duman Eyup , Emre Baris
Published: June 2022

The magnetic properties, martensitic transformation characteristics, the magnetic field-induced transformation characteristics, and super spin-glass behaviour at low temperature of Ni46.86Co2.91Mn38.17Sn12.06 (at%) magnetic shape memory alloys (MSMAs) were investigated under various magnetic field levels over temperature intervals from 400 K to 10 K. We observe a small magnetization difference during the martensitic transition evidenced with a visible thermal hysteresis. To investigate the magnetic field induced phase fraction, the minimum magnetic field required to start and complete the magnetostructural phase transition is computed. Super-spin glass features in magnetic data are observed that interacting magnetic clusters are frozen below a critical temperature. Magnetization is computed as a function of temperature at various constant fields using molecular field theory. The critical exponent, β is deduced for the temperature-induced magnetization, which indicates that the MSMA exhibited ferromagnetic ordering during field-cooling and on heating an antiferromagnetic ordering at low temperatures and in low applied magnetic fields. These observations are consistent within the framework of an Ising or Heisenberg model.
NRC measurement set-up and preparatory work for CCT-K7.2021 key comparison of triple-point-of-water cells
Authors: Peruzzi Andrea , Dedyulin Sergey
Published: June 2022

This paper describes the NRC measurement set-up and the preparatory work for the CCT-K7.2021 key comparison (KC) of triple-point-of-water (TPW) cells. The preparatory work at NRC (charged with piloting the KC) included a comprehensive testing of the measurement set-up, the definition of the new NRC national standard for the TPW temperature, and the evaluation of the uncertainty budgets relevant for this KC. The new NRC TPW national standard is composed of an ensemble of ten fused silica TPW cells, characterized in both their isotopic composition and impurity content. Three uncertainty budgets were evaluated, corresponding to three different cases involved in the measurements at the pilot laboratory: (a) the temperature difference between two TPW cells, which amounted to 26 μK (k = 2), (b) the temperature difference between a TPW cell and NRC national reference, which amounted to 35 μK (k = 2) and (c) the temperature difference between a comparison participant’s transfer cell and the comparison reference, composed of the average of two NRC national reference cells, which amounted to 19 μK (k = 2).
On the dimension of angles and their units
Authors: Mohr Peter J , Shirley Eric L , Phillips William D , Trott Michael
Published: June 2022

We show the implications of angles having their own dimension, which facilitates a consistent use of units as is done for lengths, masses, and other physical quantities. We do this by examining the properties of complete trigonometric and exponential functions that are generalizations of the corresponding functions that have dimensionless numbers for arguments. These generalizations provide functions of angles with the dimension of angle as arguments, but with no reference to units. This parallels most equations in physics which are valid for any units. This property also provides a consistent framework for including quantities involving angles in computer algebra programs without ambiguity that may otherwise occur. This is in contrast to the conventional practice in scientific applications involving trigonometric or exponential functions of angles where it is assumed that the argument is the numerical part of the angle when expressed in units of radians. That practice also assumes that the functions are the corresponding radian-based versions. These assumptions allow angles to be treated as if they had no dimension and no units, an approach that can lead to important difficulties such as incorrect factors of 2π, which can be avoided by assigning an independent dimension to angles.
Hot-tail electrons’ impact on assimilation and injection penetration of D2 shattered pellet injections
Authors: Hu D. , Liu C. , the JOREK Team
Published: June 2022

The assimilation and the penetration of injected materials play significant roles in the mitigation efficiency of shattered pellet injection (SPI) as a disruption mitigation system (DMS), hence an accurate description of the fragment ablation rate is desirable. Current mainstream 3D MHD codes modelling SPIs mostly assume instantaneous thermalization between the previously hot ambient electrons and the newly released cold electrons. This could result in underestimation of the ablation rate if the hot electron thermalization time is comparable or even longer than the fragment flying time across flux tubes, putting the validity of these 3D SPI simulations into question. To resolve this doubt, we hereby investigate the thermalization dynamics and the overall hot-electron impact. The finite-time collisional thermalization of hot-tail electrons in a rapidly cooling plasma, as well as the so-called ‘self-limiting’ effect are considered. The former effect tends to deplete the colder population within a hot-tail species, while the latter is found to preferentially deplete the higher energy population. The combined result is found to cause an almost self-similar decay of the hot electron distribution function, while its shape does not deviate much from that of Maxwellian distribution and the mean energy does not change much during the thermalization process. Based on this observation, axisymmetric JOREK D2 SPI simulations were carried out with additional hot-tail contribution to evaluate their overall impact onto the injection assimilation and penetration. It is found that the hot-tail effect indeed causes enhanced assimilation and shallower penetration, although the overall effect depends on the exact injection configuration, with the slow injection showing negligible hot-tail effect while the fast single non-shattered pellet case shows drastic hot-tail ablation enhancement. For ITER-like SPI parameters, there is no significant deviation in the total assimilation, but some deviation in the injection penetration is observed for the fast injection velocity cases.
Analysis of the Influence of Tolerance Design on Unbalanced Mass of Rotating Pressure Vessel
Authors: Wu Tingwei
Published: June 2022

The unbalanced mass will cause forced vibration of the pressure vessel when it rotates, and the magnitude of the unbalanced mass is positively correlated with the amplitude of the pressure vessel. Therefore, the study of unbalanced mass is of great significance to the safety of rotating pressure vessels. The influence of form and position tolerances and assembly tolerances on the unbalanced quality of pressure vessel parts is analyzed, and the normal distribution model is used to simulate the tolerance distribution of parts in mass production, and then the total unbalanced mass of the pressure vessel is calculated by the vector synthesis method. Through sensitivity analysis, the parts and key positions that have a greater impact on the total unbalanced mass of the pressure vessel are found, and the geometric tolerances of the parts with high process difficulty are optimized, which provides a theoretical basis for the tolerance optimization design work of the rotating pressure vessel.
Civil Aircraft Cabin Lighting Design and Verification
Authors: Wan Chong , Weng Dan , Tang Jiaji
Published: June 2022

Regarding the equipment in the cabin of a civil aircraft, the complexity of their shapes, the huge quantity, and the high requirements for engineering experience in cabin lighting design will result in huge change costs when design errors occur. This paper proposes a general cabin lighting design method, summarizes the elements that need to be considered in the cabin lighting design, and completes the cabin lighting design according to the design elements. In addition, the digital simulation method is used for verification during the design process. Finally, the data will be verified on the real sample, which checks the correctness of the design process, and lays the foundation for the future aircraft cabin lighting design and verification.
The Importance of Design in the Development of a Portable and Modular Iot-Based Detection Device for Clinical Applications
Authors: Seabra Daniela , Santos Paulo , Paiva Joana S. , Alves Jorge Lino , Ramos Angélica , Cardoso Maria João , Guimarães João Tiago
Published: June 2022

The integration of human factors engineering methods within the medical device design and development process has been highlighted by international standards organizations. Such methods are contributing to the development of safer medical devices, more suitable to users’ needs. Errors during device operation might hamper effective patient diagnosis and treatment, or eventually lead to injury or death. Thus, the designing process of a medical device is indeed crucial to user experience and safety operation. This paper presents a human-centred design analysis of a novel IoT-based screening prototype (iLoF) based on Artificial Intelligence algorithms built-in in a patented-photonics system developed by a deep tech startup. The influence of the design process during the development of the prototype was addressed, based on a human-centred design methodology and considering the device’s application environment. iLoF’s prototype on-field applicability was evaluated considering a single case-study carried out at one of the main hospitals in Portugal through interviews to ten healthcare professionals with high experience in laboratorial testing. A benchmark assessment and a comparison matrix along with the market products are also presented to fully understand the technology state and to find new solutions that can influence iLoF’s product development.
Numerical Simulation Method with Engine Power and Analysis of Jet Interaction
Authors: Yu Jialei , Liu Tiejun , Ma Tuliang , Zhai Chen
Published: June 2022

To explore the effects of engine jet on overall aircraft aerodynamic performance, an aerodynamic numerical simulation method and the interference effects of aircraft with wing-mounted nacelle were studied. In aspect of numerical simulation, based on isentropic flow relationship and automatic mass-flow matching method, a high-precision / high-efficiency numerical simulation of inlet and exhaust boundary conditions is achieved. The calculation result is in good agreement with the experimental values, which validates the calculation method and boundary condition treatment. Through numerical simulation, it is found that the ejection of engine jet can accelerate the air flow, reduce the lower wing pressure, enhance the upper wing shock wave and increase the pitch down moment. At the same time, the effect of jet brings blowing drag and loses the cruise efficiency. The airflow acceleration caused by the narrow channel composed of engine, wing and pylon may cause strong aerodynamic interference. It can be effectively weakened by adjusting the pylon contraction shape based on the near-field pressure distribution. In this way, the shock in the inner side of the pylon can also be eliminated.
Nutrient testing of organic liquid fertilizer in tempeh factory in Pekanbaru City
Authors: Susi Neng , Sari Vonny Indah , Purnama Indra , Yuvendius Hazra
Published: June 2022

The increase of waste production has been affecting global warming, triggering the climate change. The right cultivation based on the environment and its existence could expectantly turn into a clean, sanitary and comfortable environment. Moreover, the appropriate waste could generate additional values that would increase income. Inedible factory waste of tempeh could be utilized for organic liquid fertilizer. Based on its premise, author has done research titled “Nutrient Testing of Organic Liquid Fertilizer in Tempeh Factory”. The analysis done in a lab of Central Plantation Services resulted that N total 537 mg/Kg, P2O5 442 mg/Kg, K2O 2700 mg/Kg, Mg 175 mg/Kg, Cu 0,32 mg/Kg, Zn 0,95 mg/Kg, C-Organic 3800 mg/Kg pH H2O 4,88 and C/N Ratio 7,08Introduction.
The effect of orange peel waste addition on ZnO characteristics and its ability to degrade methyl orange
Authors: Rosanti Aulia Dewi , Hidayat Fahmi , Kusumawati Yuly , Fadlan Arif , Wardani Anggita R.K , Latifah Eva Umi
Published: June 2022

The development of the textile industry in Indonesia is rapid. It cause serious environmental problems because the dyes used in the textile industry are synthetic that is azo dyes. Azo dyes are non-biodegradable substances that pollute the environment if not processed. One of the azo dyes that is often used in the textile industry is Methyl Orange. Photodegradation is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly method of removing synthetic dyes. This study will discuss the effect of adding orange peel on the characterization of ZnO and the ability to degrade Methyl Orange. The results of the FTIR spectra showed an absorption in the area of 1430-1455 cm-1 that means the orange peel had been impregnated into ZnO and the more ZnO as added on orange peel, it may reduce the number of -OH and CH groups of the ZnO/OP composite. Based on the results of characterization using XRD, it is known that the addition of orange peel into ZnO did not damage the crystal structure and crystal form. The crystal structure of ZnO/OP formed was wurtzite with a hexagonal shape. The results of the characterization using DR-UV showed that the band gap energy of ZnO/OP was smaller than ZnO and the more ZnO was added, the wider the band gap of energy. ZnO/OP with a variation of 1:25 can degrade Methyl Orange more than ZnO that was 73% in 60 minutes.
The Identification and Role pf Mold in Lowering the HCN Levels in Black Cassava Based on the Immersion Duration
Authors: Pattipeilohy Mery , Pelamonia Alamanda
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to provide information for people in Banda, Central Maluku, about types and role of mold in lowering the HCN levels in black cassava. It is expected that the availability of alternative choices of quality food ingredients and affordable prices can improve food security and nutrition at the family level. The Identification of mold was performed through 16S rRNA sequence analysis. The analysis of HCN levels in black cassava was conducted using argentometric method. Five mold isolates, namely J1, J2, J3, J4, and J5 were successfully identified from black cassava samples. The mold species were classified into Rhizopus, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus clavatus. The results of the analyses showed that mold and immersion duration played a significant role in lowering the HCN levels in black cassava. In fact, the HCN levels in Manihot aipi decreased significantly from 0.3024% (302.4 mg HCN/kg) to 0.1296 (129.6 mg HCN/kg), 0.135 % (135 mg HCN/kg), 0.162% (162 mg HCN/kg), and 0.1782 (178.2 mg HCN/kg) after 12, 24, 36, and 48-hour immersion, respectively. Similarly, at 12h, 24h, 36h, and 48h fermentation duration, the HCN levels in black cassava were reduced from 0.135% (135 mg HCN/kg) to 0.108% (108 mg HCN/kg), 0.0918% (91.8 mg HCN/kg), and 0.0864% (86.4 mg HCN/kg). The analysis of mold species and HCN levels in black cassava from Manihot aipi Phol. is important because mold species and HCN levels can determine the number of foodborne pathogens that cause many diseases and, in extreme cases, death. The analysis of mold species and HCN levels is also vital to food security. The results of this study can provide insights to the people in Banda regarding the immersion and fermentation duration of Manihot aipiPhol., which is safe for black cassava processing.
Intelligent ubiquitous technology as a precision agri-food framework: a proposed framework
Authors: Cahyanto T A , Wahjuni S , Sukoco H , Rahmawan H , Neyman S N
Published: June 2022

Agri-Food is another term for the agriculture-based food sector, which is currently one of Indonesia’s main pillars of the national economy. One of the well-known plants for agricultural-based food processing called Agri-Food in Indonesia is Cocoa. Cocoa is one of the plantation commodities that has an essential role in economic activities in Indonesia. Given the critical role of cocoa as a source of the country’s economy, it must guarantee productivity and quality of cocoa and sustainability. To ensure cocoa productivity and quality sustainability, agricultural activities in today’s era can integrate intelligent ubiquitous technology as a framework for obtaining precise production results. What can measure precision production results from three aspects: increasing agricultural land productivity, reducing production costs, and minimizing the environmental impact. This paper discusses the proposed framework with intelligent ubiquitous technology to support precision agri-food that focuses on context-aware systems. The context-aware system in the proposed framework is expected to become a control center in collecting and processing data in real-time to help farmers make the best decisions regarding weather conditions and diseases caused by plants.
LCA methodology for detecting environmental impacts on natural gas drilling process
Authors: Rosyidah Masayu , Andiyan Andiyan , Listyorini Haniek , Prayitno Pranoto Hadi , Yuswardi Yuswardi , Yuhanah Yuhanah
Published: June 2022

This study uses LCA analysis to monitor potential damage to eco-efficiency. This approach uses an environmental life cycle assessment (LCA) to detect ecological impacts in natural gas production systems. The study results found that the lowest environmental impact on the production process at PT was seen. X is located on the Ozone layer and Resp. Organics are 4.71E-06 DALY and 3.22E-05 DALY. The highest impact lies in Resp. Inorganics, Fossil fuels, and Climate change. This shows that the drilling system hurts the environment, especially in the climatic conditions of soil, plants, and fossil fuels which continue to decrease. In addition, because the drilling process is carried out using generator power, it causes air pollution that can interfere with the respiratory system (respiratory inorganics).
Groundwater level fluctuations in peatlands as responses to canal block construction in Sungai Tohor, Tebing Tinggi Island, Indonesia
Authors: Malik H. , Purnama Ig. L. S. , Sudarmadji  , Santosa L. W. , Naufal M.
Published: June 2022

Peatlands play an essential role in an ecosystem and generally have three main functions, e.g., a buffer zone in a water system. However, they are vulnerable and susceptible to environmental changes. In response to the increasing demand for habitable space, more peatlands have been converted to productive agricultural land by canal blocking to transform an originally anaerobic environment into an aerobic one. This condition also occurs in peatlands in Sungai Tohor, Tebing Tinggi Island, Kepulauan Meranti Regency. This study sought to determine the groundwater level fluctuations in peatlands after the construction of canal blocks by the Peatland Restoration Agency (BRG). A water level logger was installed at the monitoring well, and the daily groundwater levels were observed for one year. The results showed that the groundwater levels fluctuated from 8.78 m (the lowest) to 9.72 m (the highest), with an average of 9.21 meters. This means that canal blocking might have a sufficient wetting impact, i.e., maintaining the presence of water in the surrounding peatlands.
Helminthiasis of rabbits on the upland and lowland areas and the risk factors
Authors: Indrasanti D , Indradji M , Sufiriyanto  , Samsi M , Yuwono E
Published: June 2022

Rabbits are a potential livestock commodity to supply quality meat with higher protein and lower fat and cholesterol content than other meat. Helminthiasis is a parasitic worm infection that has imposed economic loss involving some risk factors. This study aimed to investigate the helminthiasis cases in both upland and lowland areas, as well as their risk factors on helminthiasis infection of rabbit farming. A total of 192 rabbit samples was derived from Baturraden and Kalibagor, Banyumas Regency, Central Java Province, Indonesia. The research engaged a survey method with a purposive sampling. Data on the correlation between the areas and helminthiasis incidence were subjected to a chi square analysis. The risk factors were computed in the 2x2 contingency table and analyzed with Odds Ratio. The result showed a significant correlation between the altitude of an area and the helminthiasis incidence (P<0.05). Regarding the host, male rabbit is 1.15 times as risky as the female counterparts to get helminthiasis infection. Meanwhile, the environmental factors, such as the metal floor of the rabbit cage contribute 7.42 times as much risk of helminthiasis infection as that of wooden floor.
Utilization of bamboo charcoal to decrease tannin content of lindur fruit flour (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)
Authors: Pujirahayu Niken , Uslinawaty Zakiah , Hadjar Nuhayati , Muhtadir
Published: June 2022

This study aims to determine the correct concentration of bamboo charcoal in the processing of Bruguiera gymnorrhiza fruit to produce mangrove flour with the lowest tannin content. The process of making bamboo charcoal is carried out at the Forestry Laboratory of the Forestry Department, Faculty of Forestry and Environmental Sciences. Meanwhile, the chemical analysis of flour is carried out in the Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Halu Oleo University Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. The chemical analysis test was carried out using a completely randomized design method with a one-factor treatment test. This factor is the percentage of bamboo charcoal during boiling and soaking (R0 = 0%; R1 = 15%; R2 = 20%) for the type of mangrove fruit used (P1 = Brugueira gymnorrhiza). The results showed that the provision of bamboo charcoal at the time of boiling and soaking had a significant effect on reducing tannin levels and had a very significant effect on reducing the moisture content and HCN of lindur fruit flour. The best treatment is giving 20% bamboo charcoal with soaking time for 48 hours and changing the soaking water every 24 hours. The best treatment is giving bamboo charcoal 20% with immersion time for 48 hours and changing the immersion water every 24 hours, with the water content of 8.7%, tannin content of 0.063%, and HCN content of 2.093 ppm, where these results meet SNI standards. 01-2997-1996 [1] and ADI (Acceptable Daily Intake) as food ingredients.
Effects of plant extracts against gastrointestinal nematodes of livestock: a meta-analysis
Authors: Jayanegara A , Sinaga D M , Laconi E B
Published: June 2022

Infestation of gastrointestinal nematodes to livestock may cause a loss in production performance and under severe condition may lead to death. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of plant extract additions on larval inhibition and mortality of gastrointestinal nematodes. A total of nine articles that comprised of 16 data points were integrated into a database. For each data point, both control and plant extract treatments were specified that included data on number of samples, mean and standard deviation. Effect size of the meta-analysis was based on Hedges’ d with the continuous random effects of DerSimonian-Laird method. Results showed that addition of plant extracts had a strong effect to inhibit larval of gastrointestinal nematodes with a cumulative effect size (95% confidence interval) of 36.6 (30.5-42.7, P<0.001). All papers supported such larval inhibition effect of plant extracts except one paper only. Further, plant extracts increased adult mortality of gastrointestinal nematodes with a cumulative effect size of 73.1 (44.6-101.7, P<0.001). In conclusion, addition of plant extracts that rich in bioactive compounds are effective to control the population of gastrointestinal nematodes. The use of plant extracts for such purpose is favorable since it is environmentally friendly.
Effect of dietary supplementation with flying fish (exocoetidae) silage on the egg quality and duck performance
Authors: Ambarwati L , Syah S P
Published: June 2022

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with flying fish silage on egg quality and duck performance. This study was design using a completely randomized design (CRD), 4 treatments of dietary supplementation (P0=7%, P1=8%, P2=9%, P3=10%) with 5 replications of laying duck. The observed variable of the egg quality was egg weight, egg yolk index (EYI), and Haugh unit (HU), and the duck performance were daily weight gain (DWG) and feed conversion ratio (FCR). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and followed by Duncan’s test. The results showed that the flying fish waste silage have no significant effect on egg quality and duck performance (P> 0.05). The EYI ranged from 0.790 to 0.816, HU ranged from 95.04 to 99.09, egg weight ranged from 63 to 66.92 g, DWG ranged from 3.34 to 5.42, and FCR ranged from 1.85 to 2.26. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with flying fish waste silage up to a level of 10% was not able to decrease egg quality and duck performance.
Externality Assessment of Health Damage Caused by PM from PPV of China based on IPA
Authors: Huang Yi , Liu Zongyuan , Liang Rongzhen , Jiang Yanjie , Ding Xiaodi
Published: June 2022

Health damage caused by pollutants is an important part of environmental externality. Its scientific and accurate evaluation is the basis of environmental policy-making and one of the recent research hotspots. In this paper, the Impact Pathway Approach (IPA) is used to evaluate the externality scale of health damage caused by Particulate Matter (PM) emitted by PPV (Private Passenger Vehicle) of China. Let the public, especially PPV owners, realize that the use of PPV has great health damage to others. Only by making active changes from themselves can reduce the negative externality. The core links of the IPA framework is the Concentration Response Function (CRF) and the determination of the average cost of each health damage observation point. In the end we got a total scale of health damage externality with the mean value of 2678522*104 yuan, in which premature death took the largest part.
Local extensional flows promote long-range fiber alignment in 3D collagen hydrogels
Authors: Ahmed Adeel , Mansouri Mehran , Joshi Indranil M , Byerley Ann M , Day Steven W , Gaborski Thomas R , Abhyankar Vinay V
Published: June 2022

Randomly oriented type I collagen (COL1) fibers in the extracellular matrix are reorganized by biophysical forces into aligned domains extending several millimeters and with varying degrees of fiber alignment. These aligned fibers can transmit traction forces, guide tumor cell migration, facilitate angiogenesis, and influence tissue morphogenesis. To create aligned COL1 domains in microfluidic cell culture models, shear flows have been used to align thin COL1 matrices (<50 µm in height) in a microchannel. However, there has been limited investigation into the role of shear flows in aligning 3D hydrogels (>130 µm). Here, we show that pure shear flows do not induce fiber alignment in 3D atelo COL1 hydrogels, but the simple addition of local extensional flow promotes alignment that is maintained across several millimeters, with a degree of alignment directly related to the extensional strain rate. We further advance experimental capabilities by addressing the practical challenge of accessing a 3D hydrogel formed within a microchannel by introducing a magnetically coupled modular platform that can be released to expose the microengineered hydrogel. We demonstrate the platform’s capability to pattern cells and fabricate multi-layered COL1 matrices using layer-by-layer fabrication and specialized modules. Our approach provides an easy-to-use fabrication method to achieve advanced hydrogel microengineering capabilities that combine fiber alignment with biofabrication capabilities.
Symmetric powers of algebraic and tropical curves: A non-Archimedean perspective
Authors: Brandt Madeline , Ulirsch Martin
Published: June 2022

We show that the non-Archimedean skeleton of the

d
d

-th symmetric power of a smooth projective algebraic curve

X
X

is naturally isomorphic to the

d
d

-th symmetric power of the tropical curve that arises as the non-Archimedean skeleton of

X
X

. The retraction to the skeleton is precisely the specialization map for divisors. Moreover, we show that the process of tropicalization naturally commutes with the diagonal morphisms and the Abel-Jacobi map and we exhibit a faithful tropicalization for symmetric powers of curves. Finally, we prove a version of the Bieri-Groves Theorem that allows us, under certain tropical genericity assumptions, to deduce a new tropical Riemann-Roch-Theorem for the tropicalization of linear systems.