bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
STRATEGI GURU PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM (PAI) DALAM MENANAMKAN NILAI AKHLAK SISWA DI SEKOLAH MENENGAH KEJURUAN (SMK) NEGERI 6 SUKOHARJO
Authors: Purwasari Dharma Ratna , Waston Waston , Rochim Maksum Muh. Nur
Published: September 2023

Penanaman akhlak adalah usaha-usaha menggantikan akhlak yang buruk dengan akhlak yang baik, dan meningkatkan akhlak yang baik sehingga siswa paham dan mampu merasakan, sampai akhlak mulia mampu terpatri dalam diri individu.Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif, dengan mengambil tempat di SMK Negeri 6 Sukoharjo. Dalam pengumpulan data, penulis melakukan studi lapangan dengan metode pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi dan dokumentasi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, penulis dapat menarik kesimpulan bahwa strategi Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam penanaman akhlak siswa di SMK Negeri 6 Sukoharjo yaitu  pembiasaan, motivasi, keteladanan, kisah, memberi gambaran surga dan neraka, reward dan punishment. Faktor-faktor pendukung penanaman akhlak di SMK Negeri 6 Sukoharjo ini terdapat beberapa faktor yaitu adanya partisipasi dari semua guru, siswa memiliki antusias yang tinggi, adanya koordinasi yang baik antar guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dan dukungan Kepala Sekolah dalam segala kegiatan dan bersedia memenuhi prasarana dan prasarana yang dibutuhkan dalam kegiatan keagamaan. Sedangkan faktor-faktor penghambat yang di hadapi guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) dalam penanaman akhlak siswa di SMK Negeri 6 Sukoharjo  yaitu kurangnya pengawasan dan perhatian orang tua ketika dirumah dan latar belakang siswa yang berbeda. Hasil penanaman akhlak oleh Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) terhadap siswa di SMK Negeri 6 Sukoharjo dinilai berhasil dengan ditandai adanya perubahan sikap anak yang menjadi ramah, sopan dan santun. Selain itu anak sudah terbiasa sholat diawal waktu dan sudah memakai jilbab bagi yang perempuan muslim. Selain itu juga didukung dengan nilai raport peserta didik yang mayoritas sudah memenuhi KKM.
Humanist Education the Dayak of Kalimantan Indonesia Islamic Perspective
Authors: Shobron Sudarno , Trisno Trisno , Muthoifin Muthoifin , Mahmudulhassan Mahmudulhassan , Rochim Maksum Muh. Nur
Published: September 2023

This research aims to find a model of human Islamic education for the Dayak Bakumpai tribe in Puruk Cahu, Murung Raya Regency, Central Kalimantan, and factors that support and hinder the implementation of humanism Islamic education. This research was qualitative research using the field study method. Data were collected through observation, field interviews, and documentation in the form of manuscripts and articles related to the research's subject. The object of this research was Islamic education institutions comprised of formal, non-formal, and informal education institutions. The research subjects were Islamic religious teachers, preachers, Bakumpai Dayak people, and religious leaders. The approach used was ethnography-phenomenology, emphasizing studying and interpreting the nomenclature of the Dayak ethnic group. The analysis was done using descriptive analysis, which looks for correlation and significance between the data collected to arrive at results that are in line with the predicted outcomes. The findings of the research indicate that the humanism Islamic education model of the Dayak tribe can be divided into three categories: (1) formal education; at SMA Muhammadiyah, this was accomplished through a self-development program in the form of extracurricular activities such as the martial arts Tapak Suci, Hizbul Wathon, and counselling and guidance. (2). Non-formal education; at Pondok Pesantren Karya Pembangunan in the form of Speech training, Nasyid, Habsyi, and leadership training. (3). Informal education; in the form of arisan (a kind of social gathering activity), community development for converts, and religious lectures in mosques. Humanism Islamic education was influenced by several factors, such as Sufism, immigrants, trade, and marriage.
Technology Education in the Quran
Authors: Irmi Rana Farras , Al Farabi Mohammmad , Darlis Ahmad
Published: September 2023

The type of research that the author uses is a type of qualitative research using a content analysis approach (Content Analysis), or what can be called a content study. This analysis is a research technique for making a conclusion or inference that can be replicated and the correctness of the data by considering the context. The object of this research is explored through various information in the form of books, interpretations, and journals. This journal discusses how children use technology in their early years, both at home and school. because in this increasingly sophisticated era, children cannot be separated from technology. The existence of technology is undeniable, and children cannot be prevented from using it. However, rights to property and assistance may be the best option for children. Teachers and parents alike are expected to learn a lot from the findings of this research regarding the process of using technology and its applications.
Vedvarende uligeløn mellem kvinder og mænd
Authors: Larsen Mona
Published: September 2023

Denne artikel handler om ulighed mellem kvinder og mænd, når det gælder de to køns indtjening. Fokus er rettet mod forskelle mellem kvinders og mænds timeløn. Artiklen giver en oversigt over hovedresultaterne fra SFIs forskning på dette område.
Skatter, offentlig sektor og økonomisk performance
Authors: Andersen Torben M.
Published: September 2023

Effekterne af beskatningen kan ikke vurderes uafhængigt af, hvad skatterne finansierer. En stor del af de offentlige udgifter har potentielt positive eller negative effekter på arbejdsudbuddet, og de bør medtages i en analyse af skatternes effekter. Nyere empiri underbygger betydningen af at sondre mellem aktive eller passive udgifter og mellem mere eller mindre forvridende skatter.
Points de vue d’hommes victimes d’abus sexuels durant leur enfance sur leur expérience : les retombées de l’aide mutuelle dans l’intervention de groupe
Authors: Deslauriers Jean-Martin , Berteau Ginette , Godbout Natacha
Published: September 2023

Cette recherche donne la parole à des hommes ayant été victimes d’abus sexuels pendant leur enfance ou leur adolescence au sujet de leur participation à un groupe axé sur l’aide mutuelle. L’objectif est de documenter l’appréciation des hommes au sujet de cette forme d’aide. Leurs récits témoignent du caractère crucial des relations tissées entre les membres de leur groupe et du soutien mutuel donné et reçu ainsi que des nombreuses retombées positives dans plusieurs dimensions de leur vie. Ce modèle s’avère prometteur dans les services destinés aux hommes victimes d’agression sexuelle durant leur enfance. Ces résultats soulignent l’importance de se fonder sur les besoins de chaque membre, la prise de parole, l’utilisation de l’aide mutuelle, la valorisation des forces, la co-construction d’un processus de groupe garant de changements.
À l’intersection de plusieurs réalités : quand la diversité sexuelle rencontre le milieu rural agricole
Authors: Constantineau Caroline , Chamberland Line , Côté Isabel , Blais Martin
Published: September 2023

Bien que les études s’intéressent désormais aux communautés LGBTQ en milieu rural, rares sont celles qui se sont penchées sur leur situation dans un contexte de travail traditionnellement masculin comme celui de l’agriculture. Cet article a pour objectifs de documenter les formes d’exclusion que vivent les personnes de la diversité sexuelle oeuvrant en milieu rural agricole. Il se base sur l’analyse d’entrevues semi-dirigées réalisées avec 12 personnes de la diversité sexuelle oeuvrant en milieu rural agricole au Québec lors de deux rencontres individuelles. Les résultats indiquent que les personnes de la diversité sexuelle doivent composer avec de l’exclusion symbolique, identitaire et territoriale. L’intersection entre l’orientation sexuelle des agriculteur.rice.s, leur métier et le fait de vivre hors métropole amplifie ainsi les difficultés auxquelles iels font face malgré les stratégies individuelles et collectives mises en place.
Lmx1a is a master regulator of the cortical hem
Authors: Iskusnykh Igor Y , Fattakhov Nikolai , Li Yiran , Bihannic Laure , Kirchner Matthew K , Steshina Ekaterina Y , Northcott Paul A , Chizhikov Victor V
Published: September 2023

Development of the nervous system depends on signaling centers – specialized cellular populations that produce secreted molecules to regulate neurogenesis in the neighboring neuroepithelium. In some cases, signaling center cells also differentiate to produce key types of neurons. The formation of a signaling center involves its induction, the maintenance of expression of its secreted molecules, and cell differentiation and migration events. How these distinct processes are coordinated during signaling center development remains unknown. By performing studies in mice, we show that Lmx1a acts as a master regulator to orchestrate the formation and function of the cortical hem (CH), a critical signaling center that controls hippocampus development. Lmx1a co-regulates CH induction, its Wnt signaling, and the differentiation and migration of CH-derived Cajal–Retzius neurons. Combining RNAseq, genetic, and rescue experiments, we identified major downstream genes that mediate distinct Lmx1a-dependent processes. Our work revealed that signaling centers in the mammalian brain employ master regulatory genes and established a framework for analyzing signaling center development.
Cell type-specific control of secondary cell wall formation by Musashi-type translational regulators in Arabidopsis
Authors: Kairouani Alicia , Pontier Dominique , Picart Claire , Mounet Fabien , Martinez Yves , Le-Bot Lucie , Fanuel Mathieu , Hammann Philippe , Belmudes Lucid , Merret Rémy , Azevedo Jacinthe , Carpentier Marie-Christine , Gagliardi Dominique , Couté Yohann , Sibout Richard , Bies-Etheve Natacha , Lagrange Thierry
Published: September 2023

Deciphering the mechanism of secondary cell wall/SCW formation in plants is key to understanding their development and the molecular basis of biomass recalcitrance. Although transcriptional regulation is essential for SCW formation, little is known about the implication of post-transcriptional mechanisms in this process. Here we report that two
bonafide
RNA-binding proteins homologous to the animal translational regulator Musashi, MSIL2 and MSIL4, function redundantly to control SCW formation in Arabidopsis. MSIL2/4 interactomes are similar and enriched in proteins involved in mRNA binding and translational regulation. MSIL2/4 mutations alter SCW formation in the fibers, leading to a reduction in lignin deposition, and an increase of 4-
O
-glucuronoxylan methylation. In accordance, quantitative proteomics of stems reveal an overaccumulation of glucuronoxylan biosynthetic machinery, including GXM3, in the
msil2/4
mutant stem. We showed that MSIL4 immunoprecipitates
GXM
mRNAs, suggesting a novel aspect of SCW regulation, linking post-transcriptional control to the regulation of SCW biosynthesis genes.
Modelling and verification of post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms using Maude
Authors: García Víctor , Escobar Santiago , Ogata Kazuhiro , Akleylek Sedat , Otmani Ayoub
Published: September 2023

Communication and information technologies shape the world’s systems of today, and those systems shape our society. The security of those systems relies on mathematical problems that are hard to solve for classical computers, that is, the available current computers. Recent advances in quantum computing threaten the security of our systems and the communications we use. In order to face this threat, multiple solutions and protocols have been proposed in the Post-Quantum Cryptography project carried on by the National Institute of Standards and Technologies. The presented work focuses on defining a formal framework in Maude for the security analysis of different post-quantum key encapsulation mechanisms under assumptions given under the Dolev-Yao model. Through the use of our framework, we construct a symbolic model to represent the behaviour of each of the participants of the protocol in a network. We then conduct reachability analysis and find a man-in-the-middle attack in each of them and a design vulnerability in Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation. For both cases, we provide some insights on possible solutions. Then, we use the Maude Linear Temporal Logic model checker to extend the analysis of the symbolic system regarding security, liveness and fairness properties. Liveness and fairness properties hold while the security property does not due to the man-in-the-middle attack and the design vulnerability in Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation.
Climate change and carnivores: shifts in the distribution and effectiveness of protected areas in the Amazon
Authors: Leão Camila Ferreira , Lima Ribeiro Matheus S. , Moraes Kauê , Gonçalves Gabriela Silva Ribeiro , Lima Marcela Guimarães Moreira
Published: September 2023

Background

Carnivore mammals are animals vulnerable to human interference, such as climate change and deforestation. Their distribution and persistence are affected by such impacts, mainly in tropical regions such as the Amazon. Due to the importance of carnivores in the maintenance and functioning of the ecosystem, they are extremely important animals for conservation. We evaluated the impact of climate change on the geographic distribution of carnivores in the Amazon using Species Distribution Models (SDMs). Do we seek to answer the following questions: (1) What is the effect of climate change on the distribution of carnivores in the Amazon? (2) Will carnivore species lose or gain representation within the Protected Areas (PAs) of the Amazon in the future?

Methods

We evaluated the distribution area of 16 species of carnivores mammals in the Amazon, based on two future climate scenarios (RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5) for the year 2070. For the construction of the SDMs we used bioclimatic and vegetation cover variables (land type). Based on these models, we calculated the area loss and climate suitability of the species, as well as the effectiveness of the protected areas inserted in the Amazon. We estimated the effectiveness of PAs on the individual persistence of carnivores in the future, for this, we used the SDMs to perform the gap analysis. Finally, we analyze the effectiveness of PAs in protecting taxonomic richness in future scenarios.

Results

The SDMs showed satisfactory predictive performance, with Jaccard values above 0.85 and AUC above 0.91 for all species. In the present and for the future climate scenarios, we observe a reduction of potencial distribution in both future scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5), where five species will be negatively affected by climate change in the RCP 4.5 future scenario and eight in the RCP 8.5 scenario. The remaining species stay stable in terms of total area. All species in the study showed a loss of climatic suitability. Some species lost almost all climatic suitability in the RCP 8.5 scenario. According to the GAP analysis, all species are protected within the PAs both in the current scenario and in both future climate scenarios. From the null models, we found that in all climate scenarios, the PAs are not efficient in protecting species richness.
Sistemas agroflorestais e a produção de alimentos: uma experiência na cooperativa d’Irituia
Authors: Dos Santos Rayssa Silva , Costa Adriane de Brito Silva , Gonçalves Bruno Santos , Ribeiro Suezilde da Conceição Amaral
Published: September 2023

A educação da população do campo vem sendo estudada por diferentes movimentos populares sociais que acreditam que o maior desafio é construir referenciais culturais e políticos no intuito de preparar essas pessoas para intervirem ativamente como sujeitos sociais na realidade em que fazem parte. Assim, esse trabalho teve como objetivo conhecer as práticas produtivas desenvolvidas pelos produtores rurais, a relação dos saberes empíricos com os conhecimentos científicos para o desenvolvimento do seu trabalho e as políticas públicas desenvolvidas para as populações do campo no município de Irituia – Pará. Como técnicas de coleta de dados foram adotadas a observação direta, conversa informal e caminhada transversal sobre assuntos relacionados à organização social, realidade da comunidade, modo de vida, produção dos alimentos, o trabalho coletivo da cooperativa e políticas públicas. Os agricultores relataram que por meio da cooperativa conseguiram a implantação dos sistemas agroflorestais que trouxe melhorias ao meio ambiente, na produção e na qualidade de vida dos agricultores. A educação formal é presente e influente na melhoria do empreendimento familiar visto que ao conciliar os conhecimentos acadêmicos e empíricos promove o aumento da produtividade agrícola. Os agricultores destacaram a carência de investimentos dos poderes públicos na região, principalmente em relação a oferta de educação de qualidade para crianças e jovens do campo, também ressaltaram as deficiências na atenção à saúde das pessoas da comunidade. Percebeu-se que as políticas públicas relativas à educação e saúde ainda não atendem plenamente as necessidades dos sujeitos que vivem e trabalham no campo.
Endometrial Stromal Tumour: Clinicopathological Series of Seven Cases
Authors: Sen Srimoyee , Sarkar Manisha , Sengupta Moumita , Chatterjee Uttara
Published: September 2023

Endometrial Stromal Tumour (EST) mimics other neoplasms and is difficult to diagnose due to its wide range of morphologies. This is a clinicopathological study of seven cases of EST, which includes Endometrial Stromal Nodule (ESN), Low-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (LGESS), and High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma (HGESS). The age ranges from 34 to 75 years. Five out of seven cases presented with abnormal uterine bleeding, abdominal pain, and were radiologically suspected to be leiomyomas. After histopathological and Immunohistochemical (IHC) examination, one was diagnosed as ESN, three as LGESS, and the remaining three cases as HGESS. One case was initially diagnosed as a cellular leiomyoma and experienced multiple recurrences, eventually being diagnosed as HGESS with a fatal outcome within 36 months of the onset of the first symptoms. ESN and LGESS should be differentiated from leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. IHC plays an important role in distinguishing these tumours from the more common smooth muscle counterparts.
Effect of Human Capital Development on Employees’ Performance in the Nigerian Civil Service
Authors: Oigbochie Abel Ehizojie , Ahonya Obera Victoria , Nchedo Paschal Mba
Published: September 2023

The Nigerian civil service over the years has endured stagnation, denigration and generally low optimism due to the inadequacy of human capital development, whose intentions spins around training, education and motivation, in other to improve the cognitive ability of personnel in the discharges of their responsibilities and to act in a way that seems rational and realistic. The study examines the effect of human capital development on employee’s performance in the Nigeria Civil Service. Descriptive statistics was used in analyzing the responses elicited through questionnaire, from the sampled population of 214 respondents, from selected ministries in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. Data gathered were analyzed qualitatively. Finding from this study shows an association between human capital development and service accountability, including leadership supervision. Based on this findings, appropriate recommendation were made for the setting up of clear and measurable goals for service delivery, and the provision of tools and training employees need to do their job.
Determinants of Estimate Difference between Geometric Measure and Standard Deviation
Authors: Mbaji Rukia Mbaita , Benedict Troon John , Kevin Okumu Otieno
Published: September 2023

Measures of variation are statistical measures which assist in describing the distribution of data set. These measures are either used separately or together to give a wide variety of ways of measuring variability of data. Researchers and mathematicians found out that these measures were not perfect, they violated the algebraic laws and they possessed some weakness that they could not ignore. As a result of these facts, a new measure of variation known as geometric measure of variation was formulated. The new measure of variation was able to overcome all the weaknesses of the already existing measures. It obeyed all the algebraic laws, allowed further algebraic manipulation and was not affected by outliers or skewed data sets. Researchers were also able to determine that geometric measure was more efficient than standard deviation and that its estimates were always smaller than those of standard deviation but they did not determine their main relationship and how the sample characteristics affect the minimum difference between geometric measure and standard deviation. The main aim of this study was to empirically determine the ratio factor between standard deviation and geometric measure and specifically how certain variable such as sample size, outliers and geometric measure affects the minimum difference between geometric measure and standard deviation. Data simulation was the concept that was used to achieve the studies objectives. The samples were simulated individually under four different types of distributions which were normal, Poisson, Chi-square and Bernoulli distribution. A Hierarchical linear regression model was fitted on the normal, skewed, binary and countable data sets and results were obtained. Based on the results obtained, there is always a positive significant ratio factor between the geometric measure and standard deviation in all types of data sets. The ratio factor was influenced by the existence of outliers and sample size. The existence of outliers increased the difference between the geometric measure and standard deviation in skewed and countable data sets while in binary it decreased the difference between the standard deviation and geometric measure. For normal and binary data sets, increase in sample size did not have any significant effect on the difference between geometric measure and standard deviation but for skewed and countable data sets the increase in sample size decreased the difference between geometric measure and standard deviation.
Impact of Planting Date on Growing Degree Units, Grain Yield and Growth Traits of Some Egyptian Yellow Maize Inbred Lines
Authors: K. I. Khalifa, , El-Latif M. S. Abd , Mohamed H. A. A. , Darwish M. M. D. , Mostafa A. K. , Hasan N. A.
Published: September 2023

This study was conducted in 2021 to study the impact of planting date on maize inbred lines and determine their accumulated growing degree units (GDU).The experiment was held at three agriculture research stations (Gemmeiza, Ismaelia and Sids) with RCBD of four replications. It was planned to provide also some insights to optimize maize production and mitigate the impact of climatic changes to all researchers in the scientific community. Three planting dates i.e. April 20th (early), May20th (optimal) and June 20th (moderately late) were applied to investigate their effect on number of days to 50% tasselling and silking, plant height and grain yield of 16 Egyptian yellow maize inbred lines. In addition, to determine accumulated growing degree units (GDU) from planting to 50% silking. Results revealed highly significant differences among tested inbreds for all studied traits at the three planting dates indicating presence of genetic diversity among tested inbreds. Also, the same trend was found for differences among locations and inbreds x location indicating climatic variability among the three testing locations and that inbreds behaved differently at different locations due to differences in climatic conditions among locations and also genetic diversity among inbreds. Number of days to 50% tasselling and silking was reduced from April to June planting as a result of increased temperatures during plant development. Longest plant heights were obtained in April planting as a result of prolonged vegetative growth due to cool - moderate temperatures prevailing at early vegetative growth. Grain yield of all tested inbreds was reduced, with few exceptions, in June 20th planting as a result of high temperatures prevailing at time of tasselling and silking which resulted in pollen, stigma or fertilization abortion and caused poor seed setting. Highest yield of studied inbreds was obtained at Gemmeize location in April 20th planting and it is recommended as a suitable production location for inbreds.  Inbred Sakha 3 was the best performing under variable planting dates. Also, inbreds Sakha 1, Sakha 11, Gz 639 and Gm 1021 performed well on certain planting dates. Determination of accumulated growing degree units for tested inbreds revealed big variation among them as a result of genetic diversity of inbreds and matched well with variation present in their silking dates and specified earliness or lateness of tested inbreds. Results of GDU would help in expectation of timing for many agricultural practices such beginning of detasselling process and harvest time in hybrid breeding programs.
Performance of Horse Gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (L.) Verdc] Germplasm for Seed Yield and Its Component Characters
Authors: Priyanka Thota , Salini K.  , Kumar C. V. Sameer , Lakshmi N. Jyothi
Published: September 2023

The present investigation was carried out with 78 diverse horse gram [Macrotyloma uniflorum (L.) Verdc] genotypes along with 4 checks during the late Kharif season. Data was recorded on days to 50 percent flowering, days to maturity, plant height, number of branches per plant, pod length, number of seeds per pod, number of pods per plant, pod weight (g), seed yield per plant (g), and 100-seed weight (g). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among all the genotypes for all the characters studied. A wide range of variations had been observed for all the characters except for the number of seeds per pod. The highest coefficient of variation was observed in the number of pods per plant followed by 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant. The phenotypic coefficients of variation (PCV) were higher than the genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) for all the traits but the differences were narrow. The highest magnitude of PCV and GCV were recorded for seed yield per plant (g) followed by pod weight (g) indicating a wide range of variation which provides a chance for yield improvement. High heritability coupled with high genetic advance was observed for plant height, number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, pod weight, seed yield per plant, and 100 seed weight indicating additive gene action and the abundant scope for improvement in these traits through simple selection. This study provides information about the performance of the genotypes and identifies some prominent genotypes. Thirty-three genotypes recorded significantly higher seed yield per plant as compared to the best-performing check. These genotypes were IC 426292, IC 470167, IC 426471, IC 470229, IC 470206, IC 470262, IC 426464, IC 107247, IC 108076, IC 426550, IC 426540, IC 108078, IC 426537, IC 470166, IC 467865, CRHG-1, IC 426539, IC 426478, IC 426524, IC 426549, IC 426522, IC 470170, IC 261278, IC 470188, IC 426535, IC 107222, IC 226533, IC 426574, IC 426523, IC 526965, IC 426571, IC 426517 and IC 426538. These genotypes may be further used for parental selection in breeding programs for the improvement of yield and its attributes in horse gram.
Rooting Hormone and Substrate Effects on Mini-Cloned Mulberry (Morus indica)
Authors: S. Vijay , Susikaran S.  , Shandeep S. G.  , Haran M. S. R.  , Deeikshana T.  , Abinaya C.
Published: September 2023

Manipulation of propagation is a common practice in many commercial plant to obtain healthy and resistance plant for good yield. Many propagation techniques such as cutting, grafting, layering were evolved focusing on low budget production of high quality planting materials. An experiment was conducted to focus on standardizing a sound protocol for mini clonal propagation of M. indica variety V1. Among different concentrations of growth hormones evaluated, apical cuttings treated with IBA at 3000 ppm recorded significantly higher sprouting per cent (82.39%), rooting per cent (63.27%), survival per cent (68.80%), root length (22.22 cm), shoot length (22.05 cm), number of roots (14.40) and number of leaves (18.30) followed by NAA at 4000 ppm. Besides that, various rooting medium used, Soil: Coir pith: FYM (1:1:1) registered superior in survival per cent (14.26%), sprouting per cent (67.50%), rooting per cent (38.77%) and number of roots (12.45) whereas Soil: Sand: Vermicompost (1:1:1) registered maximum performance in shoot length (16.98 cm), root length (16.42 cm) and number of leaves (14.18). Hence it was clearly evident that IBA at 3000 ppm treated plants raised under Soil: Coir pith: FYM medium suitable for mass multiplication of M. indica.
Effectiveness of Virtual Reality Glasses in Reducing Anxiety in Children and Dentists' Operative Time for Pediatric Dental Procedures: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Reis Caio Luiz Bitencourt , Almeida Ana Cláudia Pedreira de , Júnior Edmêr Silvestre Pereira , Küchler Erika Calvano , Matsumoto Mirian Aiko Nakane , Stuani Maria Bernadete Sasso , Romano Fabio Lourenço , Filho Flares Baratto , Oliveira Daniela Silva Barroso de
Published: September 2023

This randomized clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of audiovisual distraction using virtual reality glasses during inferior alveolar nerve block in pediatric dental patients. This clinical trial randomly included 20 participants aged 4 to 11 years from a pediatric dentistry clinic to receive anesthesia with or without VR glasses. Behavioral assessments were conducted using the Frankl scale, FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability) scale, and Wong-Baker FACES Pain Rating Scale (PRS). Anesthesia administration time was recorded. The results were compared by Wilcoxon test, and Cohen’s dRepeated Measures, pooled  (CdRMp) estimated the effect size. Three children were excluded due to device rejection. In the Frankl scale assessment, children achieved better behavior scores in the session with VR glasses (CdRMp = 0.20; p = 0.031). Children reported significantly less pain when using VR glasses according to the PRS scale (CdRMp = -0.73; p = 0.016).
Additionally, the time required for anesthesia administration was significantly shorter with VR glasses  (CdRMp = -1.20; p <0.001). The results suggest that virtual reality glasses are a valuable tool for audiovisual distraction in pediatric dentistry, effectively reducing anxiety, fear, and the time required for anesthesia administration during dental treatment.
Reservoir Geomechanics: A Data-driven Approach
Authors: Korie Izuchukwu Josephmartin , Ogochukwu Chudi-Ajabor , Innocent Onwuagba Kenechi
Published: September 2023

Reservoir geomechanics is a crucial aspect of optimising and developing oil and gas activities, especially in maximising production. Recent technological advancements have revolutionised reservoir geomechanics studies, including integrating data-driven approaches. This review examines and integrates machine learning, data science, and data twin in reservoir studies. The primary aim is to identify the benefits, limitations, significant advancements, potential challenges, opportunities, and research gaps of data-driven approaches to reservoir geomechanics. Additionally, this study aims to create opportunities for further research to address these challenges. The review identifies cost-effectiveness, improved reservoir characterisation, and reduced operational risks as the benefits of integrating data-driven approaches in reservoir geomechanics. However, the review also highlights the significant challenges of data-driven approaches, such as insufficient datasets, limited interpretability, and limited transferability of models. By shedding light on these issues, this review provides a foundation for future research toward finding solutions to these challenges.
The influence of patient positioning and immobilization equipment on MR image quality and image registration in radiation therapy
Authors: Rostami Atefeh , Robatjazi Mostafa , Javadinia Seyed Alireza , Shomoossi Nematullah , Shahraini Ramin
Published: September 2023

Introduction

MRI is preferred for brain tumor assessment, while CT is used for radiotherapy simulation. This study evaluated immobilization equipment's impact on CT‐MRI registration accuracy and MR image quality in RT setup.

Methods

We included CT and MR images from 11 patients with high‐grade glioma, all of whom were immobilized with a thermoplastic mask and headrest. T1‐ and T2‐weighted MR images were acquired using an MR head coil in a diagnostic setup (DS) and a body matrix coil in RT setup. To assess MR image quality, signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) and contrast‐to‐noise ratio (CNR) were considered in some dedicated regions of interest. We also evaluated the impact of immobilization equipment on CT‐MRI rigid registration using line profile and external contour methods.

Results

The CNR and SNR reduction was in the RT setup of imaging. This was more evident in T1‐weighted images than in T2‐weighted ones. The SNR decreased by 14.91% and 12.09%, while CNR decreased by 25.12% and 20.15% in T1‐ and T2‐weighted images, respectively. The immobilization equipment in the RT setup decreased the mean error in rigid registration by 1.02 mm. The external contour method yielded Dice similarity coefficients (DSC) of 0.84 and 0.92 for CT‐DS MRI and CT‐RT MRI registration, respectively.

Conclusion

The image quality reduction in the RT setup was due to the imaged region's anatomy and its position relative to the applied coil. Furthermore, optimizing the pulse sequence is crucial for MR imaging in RT applications. Although the use of immobilization equipment may decrease the image quality in the RT setup, it does not affect organ delineation, and the image quality is still satisfactory for this purpose. Also, the use of immobilization equipment in the RT setup has increased registration accuracy.
Programmable Droplet Bouncing on Bionic Functional Surfaces for Continuous Electricity Generation
Authors: Zhan Ziheng , Wang Zhaolong , Xie Mingzhu , Chen Yongping , Duan Huigao
Published: September 2023

The natural phenomenon of droplets bouncing on various surfaces holds remarkable potential for applications like water transportation, self‐cleaning, antifreezing, etc. However, achieving precisely controlled patterned droplet bouncing on functional surfaces with accurately controlled factors like bouncing velocity and trajectory in three dimensions remains a formidable challenge. In this context, a concept of bionic hydrophobic functional surfaces composed of mushroom‐like microstructures is introduced. These microstructures are crafted using the projection microstereolithography (PµSL) based 3D printing technique, subsequently coated with a hydrophobic spray. By finely adjusting the geometric attributes and inclination angles of these micromushrooms, the ability is gained to meticulously manipulate the bouncing velocity and trajectory of water droplets. The most optimal performance is demonstrated by a droplet exhibiting a maximal jumping distance and height respectively of 2.5 and 7.1 mm with 50° inclined micromushrooms. Notably, these specially designed micromushrooms orchestrate diverse behaviors in droplet bouncing, encompassing patterned bouncing, antigravity jumps, and directional water transportation. Additionally, the functional surface's adaptable self‐cleaning capability facilitates the harnessing of energy from rainfall on large surfaces, offering potential applications in realms, such as self‐cleaning mechanisms, droplet capture, water conveyance, and clean energy generation.
Side‐Chain Engineered P Or N‐Type Nonaqueous Polymeric Ionic Gels for Sustainable Ionic Thermoelectrics
Authors: Kim Sungryong , Ham Mirim , Lee Junwoo , Kim Jeongsu , Lee Hyunjung , Park Taiho
Published: September 2023

Although ionic hydrogels have been developed recently for innovative wearable electronics, they necessitate high humidity to diffuse ions in water and fast self‐healing, which negatively impacts their performance and stability in ambient conditions (e.g., dry environments). In this study, a series of p‐ and n‐type polymeric ionic gels (PIGs) with different ratios of ionic side chains are synthesized to allow only single‐type ions to pass through them. The results demonstrate that the repeatedly stretchable PIGs are transparent, thermally robust up to 125°C, and self‐healing. Among the series of PIGs, p‐ and n‐type PIGs with 75% ion moieties (P75 and N75) exhibit the optimum ionic conductivity (σi) (4.1 × 10−4 and 2.7 × 10−4 S cm−1) and ionic Seebeck coefficients (Si) (5.84, and ‐4.18 mV K−1) under ambient conditions (25°C and relative humidity (RH) of 30%), resulting in ZTi values of 1.87 × 10−3 and 1.18 × 10−3. Moreover, the σi and Si of PIGs are almost consistent under extremely low RH 10%. Accordingly, P(([EMIM+][SPA])0.75‐r‐MA0.25) (P75) and P(([APTA][TFSI−])0.75‐r‐MA0.25) (N75) are used to achieve stretchable ionic thermoelectrics (iTEs) with stable operability under ambient conditions (RH of 30%), satisfying all of the requirements. The iTEs with five pairs of p/n couples exhibit a thermovoltage of up to ∼0.8 V.
Self‐Powered Underwater Force Sensor Based on a T‐Shaped Triboelectric Nanogenerator for Simultaneous Detection of Normal and Tangential Forces
Authors: Hou Yu , Dong Xuanli , Li Ding , Shi Dazheng , Tang Wei , Wang Zhong Lin
Published: September 2023

The force distribution in the oceans, which cover 71% of the Earth's surface, is relatively unknown compared to the cosmos between Earth and 13.8 billion light years away due to the lack of sensors that can operate over long periods in a harsh underwater environments. Herein, a self‐powered underwater force sensor (SUFS) is reported based on a T‐shaped triboelectric nanogenerator (T‐TENG) for simultaneous detection of normal and tangential forces of finger touching as well as water flow exerted on the underwater objects. The SUFS based on two coupled TENGs can detect normal and tangential forces working in different TENG modes. The T‐shaped structure and atmosphere of the airbag inside the SUFS are optimized for improved electrical outputs. Furthermore, simple method suitable for mass production is also proposed to achieve a superhydrophobic surface with an underwater anti‐interference function. The SUFS can effectively monitor the angle α, force, and frequency of the kayak paddle and finger touching, and is promising for self‐powered intelligent motion sensing, soft robotics, human–computer interaction, and ocean monitoring in general.
Overcoming the Tradeoff Between Processability and Mechanical Performance of Elastomeric Vitrimers
Authors: Formon Georges J. M. , Storch Sonja , Delplanque Arnaud Y.‐G. , Bresson Bruno , Van Zee Nathan J. , Nicolaÿ Renaud
Published: September 2023

Vitrimers are polymer networks with dynamic covalent bonds that allow the network to reconfigure its connectivity while maintaining a constant number of chemical bonds at all temperatures. The melt viscosity of vitrimers thus gradually decreases with temperature. This behavior makes vitrimers more difficult to process than typical thermoplastics using conventional processing techniques, such as extrusion. Although many strategies have been reported to address this issue, it remains challenging to overcome a key tradeoff between improving the processability or the mechanical performance. Herein, this work presents a new strategy for overcoming this tradeoff in the context of elastomeric vitrimers. The approach entails the cross‐linking of a functionalized low‐glass transition (Tg) polymer matrix with an incompatible high‐Tg polymer featuring pendant groups with complementary reactivity. When compared to a conventional homogeneous vitrimer, the microphase‐separated materials prepared by reactive extrusion present improved tensile properties and creep resistance at room temperature while also exhibiting enhanced processability at high temperature. These enhanced properties are a consequence of the combination of the phase separation between the soft and hard phases, the restriction of dynamic cross‐linking reactions within the interfacial zones, and the judicious selection of the Tg of the hard phase to be in between the use and processing temperatures.
Multimodal Optically Nonlinear Nanoparticles Exhibiting Simultaneous Higher Harmonics Generation and Upconversion Luminescence for Anticounterfeiting and 8‐bit Optical Coding
Authors: Runowski Marcin , Woźny Przemysław , Martín Inocencio R. , Soler‐Carracedo Kevin , Zheng Teng , Hemmerich Hanoch , Rivera‐López Fernando , Moszczyński Jan , Kulpiński Piotr , Feldmann Sascha
Published: September 2023

Nonlinear optical materials are essential in areas such as nanophotonics, optical information processing, and biomedical imaging. However, nanomaterials employed for these diverse applications to date are efficient only for one type of nonlinear optical activity. Herein, the first multimodal nonlinear optically active class of nanomaterials based on lanthanide‐doped lithium niobate nanoparticles, which simultaneously exhibit unprecedentedly efficient second and third harmonic generation, as well as up‐conversion photoluminescence, is reported. These dielectric nanoparticles retain their high nonlinear optical conversion efficiency both as powder and as aqueous colloidal solution. The high stability also allows for the fabrication of optically active biocompatible micron‐sized fibers and polymer‐based 3D‐printable objects, as well as for fingerprint detection. Finally, the first 8‐bit coding platform purely based on multimodal nonlinear optical activity originating from different parametric and nonparametric processes is demonstrated, showcasing the technological potential of these materials for both anti‐counterfeiting and advanced optical information processing.
A Smart Nanovector of Cationic Starch Modified Curcumin with Excellent Targeting and Sonodynamic Properties for Effective Therapy of MRSA‐Induced Osteomyelitis
Authors: Chen Cuihong , Yang Zhenxing , Mao Congyang , Jin Liguo , Wu Shuilin , Zheng Yufeng , Cui Zhenduo , Li Zhaoyang , Zhang Yu , Zhu Shengli , Jiang Hui , Liu Xiangmei
Published: September 2023

Drugs treatment including antibiotics or herbal medicines cannot cure osteomyelitis effectively accompanied by drug‐resistance bacteria and even amputation after long‐term debridement. Herein, a materioherbological strategy is utilized to construct a smart nanovector of cationic starch (CS) modified curcumin nanoparticles (CS@Cur NPs) for treating methicillin‐resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) induced osteomyelitis. On the one hand, CS modification can reduce the π–π accumulation of curcumin to endow the nanocomposite with excellent water solubility. On the other hand, the hydroxyl group in the curcumin is hydrogen‐bonded to the carbonyl group in the monomer (methyl methacrylate, MMA) of CS, resulting in a decrease in both the bandgap (between the highest and lowest occupied molecular orbitals, labeled as ΔE) and the S1–T1 energy gap (ΔES‐T) while the spin–orbital coupling (SOC) values increase, which benefits the formation of triplet‐state molecules under ultrasonic irradiation, significantly improving the yields of reactive oxygen species (ROS) capacity. The CS@Cur NPs nanocomposite constructed in this paper produced a large number of ROS synergic targeting effects under continuous 15 min ultrasonic irradiation, the clearance rate of MRSA infection induced osteomyelitis in rats can be as high as 99.93%. This study provides a new therapeutic strategy for the treatment of osteomyelitis induced by pathogenic bacteria.
Chiral Ruthenium Halide Semiconductor with Strong Antiferromagnetic Coupling
Authors: Lu Haolin , He Tengfei , Wu Haolin , Qi Fenglian , Wang Hebin , Sun Bing , Shao Tianyin , Qiao Tianjiao , Zhang Hao‐Li , Sun Dali , Chen Yongsheng , Tang Zhiyong , Long Guankui
Published: September 2023

Chiral hybrid organic–inorganic metal halides have attracted wide attention owing to their superior chiroptoelectronic and chirospintronic properties. Here, a new class of chiral lead‐free metal halides, (R/S‐MBA)3Ru2Br9 (MBA = methylbenzylammonium), with unique magnetic properties is reported. (R/S‐MBA)3Ru2Br9 is composed of a surface‐shared octahedron dimer separated by chiral cations and crystallizes into the Sohncke space group of P212121. The crystal structures, chiroptical, magnetic properties, and magnetic circular dichroism of (R/S‐MBA)3Ru2Br9 are systematically investigated. Owing to the strong antiferromagnetic coupling between the Ru atom through bromine bridge in the [Ru2Br9]3− dimer and the weak ferromagnetic coupling between the neighboring [Ru2Br9]3− dimer, (R/S‐MBA)3Ru2Br9 exhibits antiferromagnetic property with Néel temperature at 7 K. Considering the unique magnetic property of ruthenium, together with the rapid progress of antiferromagnetic spintronics and optospintronics recently, this work provides a novel multifunctional lead‐free chiral magnetic candidate toward chiral optoelectronics and antiferromagnetic spintronics.
Defective Engineering Tuning the Analog Switching Linearity and Symmetry of Two‐Terminal Artificial Synapse for Neuromorphic Systems
Authors: Shen Guangyue , Zhuge Chenyu , Jiang Jiandong , Fu Yujun , Zheng Yiming , Qin Zhaoyang , Wang Qi , He Deyan
Published: September 2023

Neuromorphic computing inspired by memristors has gained considerable attention due to its low power and easy integration. However, state‐of‐the‐art two‐terminal resistive switching memristors based on conductive filament formation suffer from high variability and poor controllability. As a three‐terminal device operated through electrochemistry and dynamic insertion/extraction of ions, the electrochemical ion synapse demonstrates deterministic control of electron conductivity based on ion doping. But, integrating the electrochemical ion synapse into crossbar arrays will pose higher challenges and lower integration density. Herein, inspired by first‐principles calculations, a two‐terminal bidirectional plasticity electrochemical artificial synapse with integrated lithium polymer electrolyte and polycrystalline tungsten oxide layer is reported. The linearity and stability of the device weight update are greatly improved by adjusting the defect concentration of the polycrystalline WO3 layer. Even after 16 000 write‐read events in the air, its performance remained almost unchanged. Moreover, it has an over‐limit protection mechanism under one‐way stimulation that exceeds the normal range. Based on this excellent stability, the authors designed and successfully simulated the “muscle memory” that the programmatical organization of the nervous system leads to proficiency in specific actions.
Ultra Rate‐Dependent Pressure Sensitive Adhesives Enabled by Soft Elasticity of Liquid Crystal Elastomers
Authors: Annapooranan Raja , Suresh Jeyakumar Sunil , J. Chambers Robert , Long Rong , Cai Shengqiang
Published: September 2023

The fabrication of pressure sensitive adhesives (PSAs) using liquid crystal elastomers (LCEs), which are known for their excellent dissipation properties, is explored in this work. The adhesive properties of the PSAs are evaluated using the 180° peeling test at various conditions. The performance of the LCE adhesives is found to show significant rate and temperature dependence. When the adhesion energy is plotted against the rate, LCE shows an anomalously large power law exponent (n ≈ 1.17) compared to existing PSAs (n ≈ 0.1–0.6). The unusual rate sensitivity is hypothesized to originate from the synergy of soft elasticity and non‐linear viscoelasticity. The adhesive properties at various rates and temperatures are correlated to the results from dynamic mechanical analysis. Moreover, the large strain stiffening behavior of LCE under uniaxial tension reveals the distinctive advantages offered by LCE as adhesives. Time‐temperature superposition is used to obtain a master curve of adhesion energy that spans rates beyond typical experimental limits. The extreme rate dependence and the large strain stiffening of LCE yield a new category of adhesives that possess special properties, such as reversible adhesion and impact resistance, unlike traditional adhesives.