bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Teaching the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale to Paramedics (E-Learning vs Video): Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Koka Avinash , Suppan Laurent , Cottet Philippe , Carrera Emmanuel , Stuby Loric , Suppan Mélanie
Published: April 2020

Background

Prompt and accurate identification of stroke victims is essential to reduce time from symptom onset to adequate treatment and to improve neurological outcomes. Most neurologists evaluate the extent of neurological deficit according to the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), but the use of this scale by paramedics, the first healthcare providers to usually take care of stroke victims, has proven unreliable. This might be, at least in part, due to the teaching method. The video used to teach NIHSS lacks interactivity, while more engaging electronic learning (e-learning) methods might improve knowledge acquisition.

Objective

This study was designed to evaluate whether a highly interactive e-learning module could enhance NIHSS knowledge acquisition in paramedics.

Methods

A randomized controlled trial comparing a specially designed e-learning module with the original NIHSS video was performed with paramedics working in Geneva, Switzerland. A registration number was not required as our study does not come into the scope of the Swiss federal law on human research. The protocol was nevertheless submitted to the local ethics committee (Project ID 2017-00847), which issued a “Declaration of no objection.” Paramedics were excluded if they had prior knowledge of or previous training in the NIHSS, or if they had worked in a neurology or neurosurgery ward. The primary outcome was overall performance in the study quiz, which contained 50 questions. Secondary outcomes were performance by NIHSS item, time to course and quiz completion, user satisfaction regarding the learning method, user perception of the course duration, and probability the user would recommend the course to a colleague.

Results

The study was completed by 39 paramedics. There was a better overall median score (36/50 vs 33/50, P=.04) and a higher degree of satisfaction regarding the learning method in the e-learning group (90% vs 37%, P=.002). Users who had followed the e-learning module were more likely to recommend the course to a colleague (95% vs 63%, P=.02). Paramedics in the e-learning group took more time to complete the course (93 vs 59 minutes, P<.001), but considered the duration to be more adequate (75% vs 32%, P=.01). Time to quiz completion was similar between groups (25 vs 38 minutes, P=.12).

Conclusions

Use of an e-learning module shows promising results in teaching the NIHSS to paramedics.
European Portuguese Version of the User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ): Transcultural Adaptation and Validation Study (Preprint)
Authors: Domingos Célia , Costa Patrício Soares , Santos Nadine Correia , Pêgo José Miguel
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Wearable activity trackers have the potential to encourage users to adopt healthier lifestyles by tracking daily health information. However, usability is a critical factor in technology adoption. Older adults may be more resistant to accepting novel technologies. Understanding the difficulties that older adults face when using activity trackers may be useful for implementing strategies to promote their use.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of this study was to conduct a transcultural adaptation of the User Satisfaction Evaluation Questionnaire (USEQ) into European Portuguese and validate the adapted questionnaire. Additionally, we aimed to provide information about older adults’ satisfaction regarding the use of an activity tracker (Xiaomi Mi Band 2).

METHODS

The USEQ was translated following internationally accepted guidelines. The psychometric evaluation of the final version of the translated USEQ was assessed based on structural validity using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Construct validity was examined using divergent and discriminant validity analysis, and internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach α and McDonald ω coefficients.

RESULTS

A total of 110 older adults completed the questionnaire. Confirmatory factor analysis supported the conceptual unidimensionality of the USEQ (χ24=7.313, P=.12, comparative fit index=0.973, Tucker-Lewis index=0.931, goodness of fit index=0.977, root mean square error of approximation=0.087, standardized root mean square residual=0.038). The internal consistency showed acceptable reliability (Cronbach α=.677, McDonald ω=0.722). Overall, 90% of the participants reported excellent satisfaction with the Xiaomi Mi Band 2.

CONCLUSIONS

The findings support the use of this translated USEQ as a valid and reliable tool for measuring user satisfaction with wearable activity trackers in older adults, with psychometric properties consistent with the original version.
Complementing the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System With Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting From Social Media: Comparative Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Zhou Zeyun , Hultgren Kyle Emerson
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) can occur any time someone uses a medication. ADRs are systematically tracked and cataloged, with varying degrees of success, in order to better understand their etiology and develop methods of prevention. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has developed the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) for this purpose. FAERS collects information from myriad sources, but the primary reporters have traditionally been medical professionals and pharmacovigilance data from manufacturers. Recent studies suggest that information shared publicly on social media platforms related to medication use could be of benefit in complementing FAERS data in order to have a richer picture of how medications are actually being used and the experiences people are having across large populations.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study is to validate the accuracy and precision of social media methodology and conduct evaluations of Twitter ADR reporting for commonly used pharmaceutical agents.

METHODS

ADR data from the 10 most prescribed medications according to pharmacy claims data were collected from both FAERS and Twitter. In order to obtain data from FAERS, the SafeRx database, a curated collection of FAERS data, was used to collect data from March 1, 2016, to March 31, 2017. Twitter data were manually scraped during the same time period to extract similar data using an algorithm designed to minimize noise and false signals in social media data.

RESULTS

A total of 40,539 FAERS ADR reports were obtained via SafeRx and more than 40,000 tweets containing the drug names were obtained from Twitter’s Advanced Search engine. While the FAERS data were specific to ADRs, the Twitter data were more limited. Only hydrocodone/acetaminophen, prednisone, amoxicillin, gabapentin, and metformin had a sufficient volume of ADR content for review and comparison. For metformin, diarrhea was the side effect that resulted in no difference between the two platforms (P=.30). For hydrocodone/acetaminophen, ineffectiveness as an ADR that resulted in no difference (P=.60). For gabapentin, there were no differences in terms of the ADRs ineffectiveness and fatigue (P=.15 and P=.67, respectively). For amoxicillin, hypersensitivity, nausea, and rash shared similar profiles between platforms (P=.35, P=.05, and P=.31, respectively).

CONCLUSIONS

FAERS and Twitter shared similarities in types of data reported and a few unique items to each data set as well. The use of Twitter as an ADR pharmacovigilance platform should continue to be studied as a unique and complementary source of information rather than a validation tool of existing ADR databases.
The Computer Will See You Now: Overcoming Barriers to Adoption of Computer-Assisted History Taking (CAHT) in Primary Care (Preprint)
Authors: Spinazze Pier , Aardoom Jiska , Chavannes Niels , Kasteleyn Marise
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

Patient health information is increasingly collected through multiple modalities, including electronic health records, wearables, and connected devices. Computer-assisted history taking could provide an additional channel to collect highly relevant, comprehensive, and accurate patient information while reducing the burden on clinicians and face-to-face consultation time. Considering restrictions to consultation time and the associated negative health outcomes, patient-provided health data outside of consultation can prove invaluable in health care delivery. Over the years, research has highlighted the numerous benefits of computer-assisted history taking; however, the limitations have proved an obstacle to adoption. In this viewpoint, we review these limitations under 4 main categories (accessibility, affordability, accuracy, and acceptability) and discuss how advances in technology, computing power, and ubiquity of personal devices offer solutions to overcoming these.
COVID-19 pandemic: Impact of lockdown, contact and non-contact transmissions on infection dynamics (Preprint)
Authors: Roy Shovonlal
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

COVID-19 coronavirus pandemic has virtually locked down the entire world of human population, and through its rapid and unstoppable spread COVID-19 has essentially compartmentalised the population merely into susceptible, exposed, infected and recovered classes. Adapting the classical epidemic modelling framework, two distinct routes of COVID-19 transmission are incorporated into a model: (a) direct person-to-person contact transmission, and (b) indirect airborne and fomites-driven transmission. The indirect non-contact transmission route needs to explored in models of COVID-19 spread, because evidences show that this route of transmission is entirely viable with hugely uncertain level of relative contribution. This theoretical study based on model simulations demonstrates the following: (1) Not incorporating indirect transmission route in the model leads to underestimation of the basic reproduction number, and hence will impact on the COVID-19 mitigation decisions; (2) Lockdown measures can suppress the primary infection peak, but will lead to a secondary peak whose relative strength and time of occurrence depend on the success and duration of the lockdown measures; (3) To make lockdown effective, a considerable level of reduction in both contact and non-contact transmission rates over a long period is required; (4) To bring down the infection cases below any hypothetical health-care capacity, reduction of non-contact transmission rate is key, and hence active measures should be taken to reduce non-contact transmission (e.g., extensive uses of areal and aerosol disinfectant in public spaces to improve contaminated surfaces and air); (5) Any premature withdrawal of lockdown following the sign of a brief retracement in the infection cases can backfire, and can lead to a quicker, sharper and higher secondary peak, due to reactivation of the two transmission routes. Based on these results, this study recommends that any exit policy from lockdown, should take into account the level of transmission reduction in both routes, the absolute scale of which will vary among countries depending on their health-service capacity, but should be computed using accurate time-series data on infection cases and transmission rates.
Use of Technology to Access Health Information/Services and Subsequent Association With WASH (Water Access, Sanitation, and Hygiene) Knowledge and Behaviors Among Women With Children Under 2 Years of Age in Indonesia: Cross-sectional Study (Preprint)
Authors: Niedfeldt Heidi Jane , Beckstead Emmalene , Chahalis Emily , Jensen Mindy , Reher Britton , Torres Scott , Rachmi Cut Novianti , Jusril Hafizah , Hall Cougar , West Joshua H , Crookston Benjamin T
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Water access, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) remain a public health concern in Indonesia. Proper WASH practices can decrease risk of stunting, wasting, and disease in children under the age of 2.

OBJECTIVE

The purpose of our study is to examine if using technology to access health information and services among Indonesian women affects knowledge and behaviors regarding handwashing and defecation practices.

METHODS

Our study is an interview-based cross-sectional survey. Participants included 1734 mothers of children under 2 years of age. These women were randomly selected and interviewed as part of a 3-stage cluster sampling technique. Our study uses data regarding WASH knowledge which includes benefits of handwashing with soap, 5 critical times of handwashing, risks of open defecation, media of disease transmission, defecation locations, and risks of open defecation. Data regarding WASH behaviors were also included: handwashing with soap, type of latrine used at home, and where defecation took place. This investigation used adjusted and unadjusted logistic and linear regression models to determine differences in WASH outcomes between those who use technology to access health information and services and those who did not.

RESULTS

One result is that Indonesian women with children under 2 years of age who use technology to access health information and services are more likely to know the advantages of proper handwashing (odds ratio [OR] 2.603, 95% CI 1.666-4.067) and know the 5 critical times of handwashing (OR 1.217, 95% CI 0.969-1.528). Women who use technology to access health information are also more likely to know the risks of open defecation (OR 1.627, 95% CI 1.170-2.264) and use a type of toilet (such as a gooseneck or squat toilet) that limits risk (OR 3.858, 95% CI 2.628-5.665) compared to women who did not use technology to access health information.

CONCLUSIONS

Using technology to access health information and services was associated with an increase in handwashing and defecation knowledge. In the future, promoting mothers of children under 2 years of age to access health information through technology might be used to increase handwashing and defecation knowledge as well as safe defecation practices. However, further research should be done to determine how technology may increase the frequency of recommended handwashing behaviors.
Factors Influencing the Smartphone Usage Behavior of Pedestrians: Observational Study on “Spanish Smombies” (Preprint)
Authors: Fernández César , Vicente María Asunción , Carrillo Irene , Guilabert Mercedes , Mira José Joaquín
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Smartphone addiction has become a reality accepted by all. Some previous studies have shown that the use of smartphones on public roads while walking is very common among the young population. The term “smombie” or smartphone zombie has been coined for this behavior. Such behavior causes a reduction in the attention given to other pedestrians and drivers and may result in accidents or collisions. However, there are no precise data about how many people use the phone while they are walking on the street. Smartphone usage habits are evolving rapidly, and more in-depth information is required, particularly about how users interact with their devices while walking: traditional phone conversations (phone close to the ear), voice chats (phone in front of the head), waiting for notifications (phone in hand), text chats (user touching the screen), etc. This in-depth information may be useful for carrying out specific preventive actions in both the education field (raising awareness about the risks) and in the infrastructure field (redesigning the cities to increase safety).

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to gather information about pedestrians’ smartphone usage and to identify population groups wherein interventions should be focused to prevent accidents. The main hypothesis was that gender, age, and city area can significantly influence the smartphone usage of the pedestrians while walking.

METHODS

An observational study of pedestrians in the street was carried out in Elche, a medium-sized Spanish city of 230,000 inhabitants. The following data were gathered: gender, age group, location, and type of smartphone interaction. A specific smartphone app was developed to acquire data with high reliability. The statistical significance of each variable was evaluated using chi-squared tests, and Cramér’s V statistic was used to measure the effect sizes. Observer agreement was checked by the Cohen kappa analysis.

RESULTS

The behavior of 3301 pedestrians was analyzed, of which 1770 (53.6%) were females. As expected, the effect of the main variables studied was statistically significant, although with a small effect size: gender (P<.001, V=0.12), age (P<.001, V=0.18), and city area (P<.001, V=0.16). The phone in hand or “holding” behavior was particularly dependent on gender for all age groups (P<.001, V=0.09) and to a greater extent in young people (P<.001, V=0.16). Approximately 39.7% (222/559) of the young women observed showed “holding” or “smombie” behavior, and they comprised the highest proportion among all age and gender groups.

CONCLUSIONS

An in-depth analysis of smartphone usage while walking revealed that certain population groups (especially young women) have a high risk of being involved in accidents due to smartphone usage. Interventions aimed at reducing the risk of falls and collisions should be focused in these groups.
Internal Medicine Physicians and Social Media: Knowledge, Skills, and Attitudes (Preprint)
Authors: Bhuiyan Mohaammed Nadir , Medina-Inojosa Jose R , Croghan Ivana , Marcelin Jasmine R , Ghosh Karthik , Bhagra Anjali
Published: April 2020

UNSTRUCTURED

This research study was designed to understand physician awareness and engagement with social media (sometimes referred to as #SoMe) within the digital landscape of healthcare delivery. An audience-response survey focused on social media “Social media in Healthcare: Physician Survey”, was administered during the “A Systematic Approach to Medically Unexplained Symptoms” continuing medical education conference. The Conference took place between August 22, 2019 and August 24, 2019. Data was collected on August 23, 2019. A range of 103 (59.5%) to 112 (64.7%) of the total 173 attendees participated in this cross-sectional audience-response survey, depending on the questions answered. Most responders were between the ages of 35 and 65 years (79.6%) and female (60.2%). A majority of responders were aware of social media terminology (88.7%), and many had used it personally (46.7%), but only 12% knew how to use social media to search medical topics, 18% used it to network professionally and most (68.9%) had a distrust of social media when it came to the protection of their privacy or their patients’ privacy. Overall, about 29.6% indicated an interest in future continued medical education focused on social media (and 27.4% were neutral). Awareness of social media’s role in healthcare has increased among physicians in practice, however their participation and knowledge of opportunities remains limited. Distance from academic institutions and concerns about privacy play the largest roles in the aversion towards professional use of social media.
Scientific Publication Patterns of Mobile Technologies and Apps for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Treatment: Bibliometric Co-Word Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Kulakli Atik , Shubina Ivanna
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Mobile apps are viewed as a promising opportunity to provide support for patients who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The development of mobile technologies and apps shows similar trends in PTSD treatment. Therefore, this emerging research field has received substantial attention. Consequently, various research settings are planned for current and further studies.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this study was to explore the scientific patterns of research domains related to mobile apps and other technologies for PTSD treatment in scholarly publications, and to suggest further studies for this emerging research field.

METHODS

We conducted a bibliometric analysis to identify publication patterns, most important keywords, trends for topicality, and text analysis, along with construction of a word cloud for papers published in the last decade (2010 to 2019). Research questions were formulated based on the relevant literature. In particular, we concentrated on highly ranked sources. Based on the proven bibliometric approach, the data were ultimately retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection (Clarivate Analytics).

RESULTS

A total of 64 studies were found concerning the research domains. The vast majority of the papers were written in the English language (63/64, 98%) with the remaining article (1/64, 2%) written in French. The articles were written by 323 authors/coauthors from 11 different countries, with the United States predominating, followed by England, Canada, Italy, the Netherlands, Australia, France, Germany, Mexico, Sweden, and Vietnam. The most common publication type was peer-reviewed journal articles (48/64, 75%), followed by reviews (8/64, 13%), meeting abstracts (5/64, 8%), news items (2/64, 3%), and a proceeding (1/64, 2%). There was a mean of 6.4 papers published per year over the study period. There was a 100% increase in the number of publications published from 2016 to 2019 with a mean of 13.33 papers published per year during this latter period.

CONCLUSIONS

Although the number of papers on mobile technologies for PTSD was quite low in the early period, there has been an overall increase in this research domain in recent years (2016-2019). Overall, these findings indicate that mobile health tools in combination with traditional treatment for mental disorders among veterans increase the efficiency of health interventions, including reducing PTSD symptoms, improving quality of life, conducting intervention evaluation, and monitoring of improvements. Mobile apps and technologies can be used as supportive tools in managing pain, anger, stress, and sleep disturbance. These findings therefore provide a useful overview of the publication trends on research domains that can inform further studies and highlight potential gaps in this field.
Diagnostic Accuracy of Chest Computed Tomography Scans for Suspected Patients With COVID-19: Receiver Operating Characteristic Curve Analysis (Preprint)
Authors: Wu Lianpin , Jin Qike , Chen Jie , He Jiawei , Brett-Major David M , Dong Jianghu James
Published: April 2020

BACKGROUND

Computed tomography (CT) scans are increasingly available in clinical care globally. They enable a rapid and detailed assessment of tissue and organ involvement in disease processes that are relevant to diagnosis and management, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this paper is to identify differences in the CT scan findings of patients who were COVID-19 positive (confirmed via nucleic acid testing) to patients who were confirmed COVID-19 negative.

METHODS

A retrospective cohort study was proposed to compare patient clinical characteristics and CT scan findings in suspected COVID-19 cases. A multivariable logistic model with LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator) selection for variables was used to identify the good predictors from all available predictors. The area under the curve (AUC) with 95% CI was calculated for each of the selected predictors and the combined selected key predictors based on receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.

RESULTS

A total of 94 (56%) patients were confirmed positive for COVID-19 from the suspected 167 patients. We found that elderly people were more likely to be infected with COVID-19. Among the 94 confirmed positive patients, 2 (2%) patients were admitted to an intensive care unit. No patients died during the study period. We found that the presence, distribution, and location of CT lesions were associated with the presence of COVID-19. White blood cell count, cough, and a travel history to Wuhan were also the top predictors for COVID-19. The overall AUC of these selected predictors is 0.97 (95% CI 0.93-1.00).

CONCLUSIONS

Taken together with nucleic acid testing, we found that CT scans can allow for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19. This study suggests that chest CT scans should be more broadly adopted along with nucleic acid testing in the initial assessment of suspected COVID-19 cases, especially for patients with nonspecific symptoms.
Implementasi Program Pagu Wilayah Kecamatan Bidang Ekonomi untuk Peningkatan Kapasitas Sosial dan Ekonomi Masyarakat di Kabupaten Temanggung
Authors: Astuti Yuni , Sunartiningsih Agnes
Published: April 2020

The Government of the District of Temanggung implements the District Area Budget Ceiling Economic Program (economic PWK) to alleviate poverty towards acceleration of people's welfare improvement. Through the economic PWK, Temanggung Regency government provides a number of revolving working capital funds to poor communities at the district level as a means of capacity building and empowerment of communities both individually and in groups.  Using descriptive qualitative research methods, this study aims to analyze the implementation of the program in Selopampang District in Temanggung Regency based on input, process, output, and outcome indicators. This research found that the implementation of economic PWK in Selopampang District, Temanggung District helped the poor in increasing economic and social capacity. Beneficiaries claim experiencing capacity improvement in terms of meeting their daily needs, accessing capital to build a business, and displaying their social roles in the community.
Akses Masyarakat Adat Terhadap Tanah Ulayat: Studi Kasus pada Masyarakat Adat Minangkabau
Authors: Hafidh Al , Krisdyatmiko Krisdyatmiko
Published: April 2020

This article explores how the Bawan Nagari community access their customary land after the Indonesian political reform in 1998, leading to grant social rights' all citizens. To gain further understanding of this topic, the case study method is employed to grasp further complex and detailed issues comprehensively. This study found that community access to customary land faces several challenges stemming from internal and external factors. Internal factors stem from the indegenious tradition system adopted at Nagari Bawan, where the greater dominance to customary leaders in decision making has led to abuse of power. While external factors concerning the formal regulatory framework is suffering from in-contextualized with the current conditions and has not able in accommodating the implementation of customary law that relevant to the current situation; especially the establishment of legal instrument that closely related to the legal protection of customary rights holders.
Comparative analysis of cost–effectiveness between isosorbide-5-mononitrate and isosorbide: a retrospective real-world evaluation
Authors: Zhang Guimin , Liu Xinling , Xu Jian , Cheng Guoliang , Xu Juntang
Published: April 2020

Aim:
The cost–effectiveness of isosorbide-5-mononitrate (5-ISMN) and isosorbide dinitrate (ISDN) in real-world use in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD; either angina pectoris or myocardial infarction) was retrospectively compared.
Method:
In this retrospective real-world evaluation, patients with established CHD satisfying the following criteria were selected from information system of two tertiary hospitals in China: with pharmacy claiming for at least one injection of 5-ISMN or ISDN between July 2008 and May 2017; and, CHD patients. By using propensity score matching (PSM), we compared clinical aspects of efficacy, safety, length of hospital stay and cost during hospitalization between 5-ISMN and ISDN group. All data were processed by R statistical package v.2.13.1 (R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria).
Result:
Of 5609 patients selected, 4047 received 5-ISMN and 1562 received ISDN. After PSM, we acquired 1555 pairs based on balancing of age, sex, insurance and comorbidities on admission. The frequency (4.2 ± 6.6-times vs 6.5 ± 9.5-times; p < 0.05) and total dosage (47.5 ± 153.4 vs 136.4 ± 261.0 mg; p < 0.05) of sublingual nitroglycerin use decreased and hypotension incidence lowered (8.0 vs 13.0%; p < 0.05) in 5-ISMN group compared with ISDN group. Hospital stay (16.0 ± 11.3 days vs 17.7 ± 13.2; p < 0.05) and hospitalization expenditure ([the ratio of cost in the study to the average hospitalization cost in the city] [odds ratio: 2.5 vs 2.6; p < 0.05]) were reduced in 5-ISMN group as with that of ISDN group. Moreover, the main component of hospitalization cost was medical consumables and medications in both the groups.
Conclusion:
In the present retrospective real-world evaluation, by using PSM analysis, we found that newer injection agent of 5-ISMN was associated with fewer use of sublingual nitroglycerin, less hypotension incidence, shorter length of hospital stay and less hospitalization expenditure related to its comparator ISDN in patients with established CHD. Further evaluation and clinical experience are need in different circumference for the usage of ISDN.
Forming the image of Other: Religion in the Geopolitical Maps Around Jungar and Kalmyk Khanates
Authors: Kitinov Baatr Uchaevich
Published: April 2020

The first third of XVIII century was very important for Kalmyks and Jungars. The political affairs, where Kalmyks, Russians, Jungars and Manchus as well as the external issues have been communicated, had been closely related with the religious matters, led to intensification of regional political processes. In Kalmyk khanate the Buddhist affairs were under the supervision of the famous Shakur Lama, and it was during his rule when the Islamic issue had had some importance, because it had been closely related with the plan to establish the Kalmyk-Crimean khanate (perhaps, initially the Ottomans’ idea). In Jungaria the situation was even more complex due to the policy of Qing, when the leaders of this khanate were accused in conversion to Islam. The rare word “Thomkar” from Russian archival materials illustrates very special skill of Qing officials - it was “created” for Jungars to define them as being “converted” to Islam. The meaning of all these events allow to suppose, that religion at the time under consideration became the state tool for implementation of the virtual geopolitical maps to change the “usual” image of someone into “necessary” “enemy face”.
Participation of Britain and its role in the elaboration of the London Inter-Allied Conference’s decisions on the “Russian question” (December 11-13, 1919)
Authors: Mironyuk Sergei A.
Published: April 2020

The London Inter-Allied Conference on the "Russian question" (December 11-13, 1919) is rarely mentioned by historians, but a landmark event in the history of British participation in foreign intervention in Russia - and in a broad sense an interesting phenomenon in world history. During the Conference in London participants - Britain, Italy, USA, France and Japan - discussed the future of the intervention and in general a new foreign policy strategy regarding Russia in the context of the evident Bolsheviks’ victory in the Civil War and the formation of a new system of international relations after the First World War, in which it was necessary to determine the position of Russia. The approaches and methods adopted in London, as practice shows, seem to be currently relevant. The purpose of this article is to analyze the participation of Britain and determine its role in the development of decisions of the London Inter-Allied Conference on the "Russian question" on the basis of previously uninvolved documents of the Cabinet of Ministers and the Parliament of the United Kingdom, as well as sources of personal origin. The decisions of the London Conference on the "Russian question" put an end to largescale military assistance to the White movement and thus contributed to the end of the Russian Civil War. The British government played a key role in producing the decisions of the London Conference. The Government had prepared thoroughly for the Conference and had proposed its draft decisions.
Review of the Book Vasiliy A. Kuznecov “Secret Tunisian Tropes: to Live Telling the Revolution”. (M., 2018)
Authors: Zueva Elena G. , Kudelin Andrey A.
Published: April 2020

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On the motion of bodies based on changes in the kinetic moment
Authors: Razoumny Yury N. , Kupreev Sergei A.
Published: April 2020

The controlled motion of a body in a central gravitational field without mass flow is considered. The possibility of moving the body in the radial direction from the center of attraction due to changes in the kinetic moment relative to the center of mass of the body is shown. A scheme for moving the body using a system of flywheels located in the same plane in near-circular orbits with different heights is proposed. The use of the spin of elementary particles is considered as flywheels. It is proved that using the spin of elementary particles with a Compton wavelength exceeding the distance to the attracting center is energetically more profitable than using the momentum of these particles to move the body. The calculation of motion using hypothetical particles (gravitons) is presented. A hypothesis has been put forward about the radiation of bodies during accelerated motion, which finds indirect confirmation in stellar dynamics and in an experiment with the fall of two bodies in a vacuum. The results can be used in experiments to search for elementary particles with low energy, explain cosmic phenomena and to develop transport objects on new physical principles.
Experimental Comparison of Al5083 Alloy Subjected to Annealing and Equal-Channel Angular Pressing
Authors: ŞAHBAZ Mehmet , KAYA Hasan , KENTLİ Aykut , UÇAR Mehmet , ÖĞÜT Serkan , ÖZBEYAZ Kerim
Published: April 2020

In
this study, the hardness and electrical resistivity of Al5083 alloy were
investigated after equal-channel angular pressing (ECAP) and annealing
processes. The effects of the annealing and ECAP processes on the properties of
the alloy were investigated, and the results of the processes were compared
with each other. The major reason for the different results between the two
processes was changes in the microstructure, which were observed by optical
microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that, ECAP decrease
the grain size, in parallel with it increase the hardness and electrical
resistivity of material.
Clustering of European Countries in terms of Healthcare Indicators
Authors: ECER Billur , AKTAŞ Ahmet
Published: April 2020

Health is always
considered as one of the most important issues related to human being. Due to
this importance, governments should primarily provide the best healthcare
services to their citizens. Some indicators can show the quality of healthcare
services in the country. However, one country can have a higher value of one
indicator and can have a lower value of another. Thus, countries can be
categorized in terms of quality of healthcare services. Clustering is a useful
tool for comparing countries and defining the similar countries in terms of
healthcare services. In this study, 28 European Union (EU) countries were
evaluated on 14 health factors and the number of clusters was determined by the
generally accepted rule of thumb. To cluster countries, k-means clustering
method is run in WEKA software for two cluster numbers and four different
initial solution approaches. The resulting clusters were evaluated according to
the Spearman rank correlation coefficient using the order of the GDP per capita
values of the countries in each cluster. It seems using four clusters with
Canopy initial solution approach is the most appropriate way of clustering.
Optimization Of Traffic Signalization For Complex Roundabout By Fuzzy Logic According To Various Parameters
Authors: PALANDIZ Tolga , ŞENOL Ramazan , BAYRAKÇI Hilmi Cenk
Published: April 2020

In this study, traffic
signalization by fuzzy logic according to number of vehicles, vehicle type,
fuel and time parameters of 5 leg roundabouts were simulated in computer
environment. For this purpose, city surveillance cameras (mobese) were used for
the selected intersection. In the simulation, the Mamdani type fuzzy model was
used. The results of the application are listed in tables. According to the
vehicle density coming near the intersection, the transition times or stopping
times applied to the intersection were optimized. Also, types of vehicles
coming near the intersection are analyzed and vehicles with high fuel
consumption are given priority. Thus, fuel consumption and environmental
pollution can be reduced. The methods in this study are compared in terms of
fuel saving, environmental effects and faster road flow. Accordingly, neutral
fuel consumption with fuzzy logic method is averagely %15.9 less than classical
method.
Viscosity Change and its Effect on Pressure Distribution in Hydrodynamically Lubricated Journal Bearing
Authors: ERHUNMWUN İredia , AKPOBI John
Published: April 2020

In
this work, a parametric study of the change in lubricant viscosity with
pressure variation of fluid (lubricant) in a hydrodynamic journal bearing was
carried out. This study was carried out using the Finite Element Method (FEM)
and this was used to analyse the pressure behaviour of the bearing was
presented using the classical Reynolds Equation. From the result, it was
observed that at the beginning of the bearing where the pressure was equal to
the ambient pressure, the pressure increases thereafter till about 0.01875m where the pressure was at
maximum. From this point to the other trailing end of the bearing, the pressure
decreases to the ambient pressure at L =
0.025m. At the early stage in the bearing, the pressure increase was seen
not to be that significant. This was usually between the ranges of 0 ≤ L ≤ 0.00625m. From this point
onward, the pressure begins to increase significantly. The reverse was the case
when the bearing’s angular displacement was in the range of 1800 ≤ L ≤ 3600.
The result also shows a linear relationship between viscosity and pressure. The
result obtained when compared with relevant literature shows a strong positive
agreement.
Лиувиллева классификация интегрируемых геодезических потоков на проективной плоскости в потенциальном поле
Authors: Антонов Евгений Игоревич , Козлов Иван Константинович
Published: April 2020

Получена лиувиллева классификация натуральной гамильтоновой системы на проективной плоскости с метрикой вращения и линейным интегралом. Вычислены все инварианты Фоменко — Цишанга (т. е. меченые молекулы) системы.
Оптимальное управление с обратной связью для одной модели движения нелинейно-вязкой жидкости
Authors: Звягин Виктор Григорьевич , Звягин Андрей Викторович , Хонг Нгуен Минь
Published: April 2020

В работе рассматривается задача оптимального управления с обратной связью для начально-краевой задачи, описывающей движение нелинейно-вязкой жидкости. Доказывается существование оптимального решения, дающего минимум заданному функционалу качества. Для доказательства существования оптимального решения используется аппроксимационно-топологический метод исследования задач гидродинамики.
MODELO DE AVALIAÇÃO DE DESEMPENHO BASEADO EM COMPETÊNCIAS
Authors: Azevedo Fernanda De , Cerutti Bernardete Bregolin
Published: April 2020

As organizações modernas adotam instrumentos de avaliação em seus diversos níveis, desde o corporativo até o individual, pois o desempenho no trabalho é resultante não apenas de competências inerentes ao indivíduo, mas também das relações interpessoais, do ambiente e das características da organização. Com base nisso, este artigo busca apresentar um modelo de avaliação de desempenho para uma escola de educação infantil do Vale do Taquari/RS. Para tanto, foram mapeadas, inicialmente, as competências dos cargos, por meio de uma pesquisa que se classifica, quanto à abordagem do problema, como qualitativa, quanto à natureza, aplicada, e quanto aos objetivos, descritiva. A partir do mapeamento das competências dos cargos existentes na referida escola, apresenta-se o modelo de avaliação de desempenho customizado, de maneira que possa auxiliar na gestão de pessoas, gerando sentido e sustentação à competência da organização.
DESLOCAMENTO PENDULAR DE ESTUDANTES PROMOVIDO PELA UNIVERSIDADE DO VALE DO TAQUARI – UNIVATES
Authors: Cerutti Bernardete Bregolin , Braido Gabriel Machado
Published: April 2020

Este estudo busca identificar o deslocamento pendular de estudantes promovido pela Universidade do Vale do Taquari – Univates. Para alcançar este objetivo, realizou-se uma pesquisa com abordagem quali-quantitativa, por meio de levantamento de dados secundários em fontes bibliográficas e documentais, e pela medição e análise numérica. Os resultados demonstram que a universidade apresenta um crescente dinamismo, o que tem provocado a atração de pessoas para estudar, além de promover a desconcentração metropolitana e o desenvolvimento regional.
IMPLEMENTAÇÃO DO BEYOND BUDGETING: DESAFIOS, VANTAGENS E CRÍTICAS
Authors: Vilanova Rita De Cássia da Silva , Feil Alexandre André
Published: April 2020

O Beyond Budgeting estabelece um modelo de gestão alternativo, flexível, descentralizado e participativo. Neste sentido, este estudo objetiva analisar os desafios, vantagens e críticas na implementação do Beyond Budgeting. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa, descritiva e o procedimento técnico estratifica-se como estudo de caso, sendo que a obtenção dos dados ocorreu mediante entrevista semiestruturada e pesquisa documental primária. As principais dificuldades na implementação do Beyond Budgeting na Industria A relacionam-se a centralização da gestão, a falta de uma adequada formalização de controles e procedimentos relacionados a governança corporativa e segregação de funções, e a carência de políticas de planejamento estratégico e operacional. As facilidades encontradas para a adaptação e implementação do orçamento Beyond Budgeting relacionam-se a disponibilidade dos proprietários em aprimorar o modelo tradicional de orçamento, migração para um software de gestão que agilize os processos e disponibilidade de flexibilizar o orçamento tradicional, modificando principalmente a forma de gestão centralizada. Conclui-se que apesar das críticas e desafios na implementação do orçamento Beyond Budgeting os proprietários da Indústria A solidificam sua aceitação como uma ferramenta eficiente e capaz de gerar resultados satisfatórios.
PRÁTICAS AMBIENTAIS NO PODER JUDICIÁRIO: UMA ANÁLISE DA GESTÃO DO FÓRUM NA COMARCA DE JUARA-MT
Authors: Brito Luana Maritza de , Machado Vivieni Lara , Oliveira Luciano Aparecido de , Poquiviqui Agilson
Published: April 2020

O presente estudo teve como objetivo compreender quais as práticas da gestão ambiental adotadas pelo Tribunal de Justiça do Estado de Mato Grosso aplicadas no Fórum da comarca de Juara-MT. A adoção de práticas ambientais está vinculada à utilização consciente dos recursos disponíveis, visto ser um procedimento de apoio às políticas ambientais. A capacitação e a conscientização dos servidores para a correta utilização e destinação dos resíduos sólidos contribui para a preservação e o monitoramento do meio ambiente. O estudo foi de abordagem qualitativa; para obtenção dos dados realizou-se uma entrevista com a gestora da organização e aplicação de questionário fechado aos servidores. Os resultados da pesquisa indicaram que há a necessidade de maior de conscientização ambiental por parte dos servidores, visto serem agentes ativos no processo.
Praksisnær undervisning med simulering og rollespill
Authors: Nordkvelle Yngve , Stalheim Odd Rune , Fossland Trine , de Lange Thomas , Wittek Line , Nerland Monika Bærøe
Published: April 2020

Simulation in education involves creating situations that are similar to events, rituals and routines performed in the workplace – or in therapy, consultation, conflicts or similar situations. One recreates as many conditions as are necessary for the students to ‘live’ within what one imitates. Teachers instruct students and run the procedures as if they were ‘reality’. Some simulations, such as in nursing education, require expensive equipment and sophisticated use of ICT. Others can be set up as role-playing games with what one has at their disposal in terms of facilities. The article compares three cases of simulation that were closely examined in connection with a research project. The purpose was to find out if the students experienced this as good quality. The students’ ability to immerse themselves in the situation is of great importance for the benefit of the simulation. Most students find that the situations closely resemble real life and keep them engaged and alert. Teaching that explicitly tries to resemble reality is perceived as very educational.
Å lære om seg selv gjennom å observere andre
Authors: Bakke Inger Marie , Eriksen Håkon Glommen , Nyhus Lene
Published: April 2020

The master’s level course in social science and pedagogy, ‘Communication in professional contexts’ at Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, is the basis for this chapter. In the course, the students carry out observations of real-life interaction situations in different occupational contexts, and reflect on these through written work and in group counselling. The chapter presents these practice-oriented working methods as well as explains students’ experiences. The most important learning objective of the programme is that the students will become more aware of their own preconceptions and values in the professional meetings. The purpose of the chapter is to shed light on what may be the value of the chosen working methods in particular, in order for the students to experience this awareness – in themselves – and as valuable for their own professional practice.
Feltarbeid – forskande tilnærming til praksis
Authors: Traavik Njål Vidar , Eide Egil , Heimly Gisle
Published: April 2020

Using field work and undergoing field practice in junior high school in teacher education for vocational subjects is a new methodological approach to focus, content and to how student practice is organized and carried out. Our research study posed two main questions:
1. Did vocational student teachers find their field-study relevant and meaningful while in junior high school practice and in view of their future vocational teacher practice?
2. Can micro-ethnographic study as a method be used in teaching in vocational subjects for first, second and third year of senior high school?
In light of their experiences in senior high, we wanted to challenge the students to rethink and perhaps alter their approach to teaching within the framework of the junior level of high school. We also wanted the students to design and carry out a project they found challenging as well as novel for them. The selection consisted of 60 students who study to become vocational teachers. The project, including the evaluation of it, was completed in the autumn of 2016. The practice period in junior high school had a duration of two weeks.
Findings: All students considered their practice as relevant, meaningful and useful in the context of their future career as teachers. A large majority considered micro-­ethnographic study as relevant for their own practice as teachers in vocational subjects in first, second and third year of senior high school. In particular, they found the subject called ‘prosjekt til fordjuping’ (‘project for deeper learning’) as very useful. Periods of placement in factories and other work situations were also found to be very useful.
CHALLENGES IN PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE PEOPLE MANAGEMENT AREA
Authors: Fernandes Ciro  A. , Soelti Carolina F. R. do Val , Quel Luís F. , Palmisano Angelo , Cruz Cláudia Menezes da
Published: April 2020

The Human Resources department’s performance has been the object of various researchers’ interest, in search of an appropriate method to demonstrate the area’s influence in the business’ results. In this study the authors investigated articles published in Brazil between 2005 and 2016 in order to know the alignment and differences in the several propositions in measurement and evaluation of HR initiatives. The method used was a bibliographical exploratory research and the results showed a lack of publication (only four) and based not in national experience, but citing international authors and publications.Keywords: Evaluation. Performance. People management