bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAPPING CARBON STOCKS IN THE DIMAKO COMMUNAL FOREST, EAST-CAMEROON
Authors: HUBERT MOUNMEMI KPOUMIE , LILIANE MAFFO MAFFO NICOLE , LAGARDE BETTI JEAN , OUSSENI AROUNA , FUNWI FORBI PREASIOUS , IBRAHIM NDAM KOUOTOU , TATIANA NANA , MIREIL TCHOUPOU VOTIO CAROLE , FLORE NTONMEN YONKEU AMANDINE , LOUIS ZAPFACK
Published: September 2022

In the global context of global warming, Cameroon's forests have a major role to play in mitigating climate change. The objectives of this study were to assess and spatialize carbon stocks in different types of land use/land cover types. To achieve these objectives, an approach based on the diachronic analysis of satellite images and the inventory of woody plants with a diameter greater than or equal to 10 cm in plots of 250 m x 20 m were carried out. The results show a 22.94% decrease in the area of mature forests and an 8.39% increase in the area of young forests in 2015. Results from field surveys show that carbon stocks vary from stratum to stratum and pool to pool. Stored carbon is higher in mature forests (133.52 tC/ha) and low in swamps (6.71 tC/ha). The aboveground compartment stores more carbon (224, 88 tC/ ha) followed by the belowground compartment (42.88 tC/ ha) and finally dead standing wood (2.59 tC/ ha). The mapping provided more account for the spatial variability of carbon stocks between land use/land cover types, providing arguments for fully meeting REDD+ targets.
MYCOCHEMICALS AND ANTIDIABETIC ACTIVITY OF LIGNOCOLOUS FUNGI – A CRITICAL REVIEW
Authors: NAGADESI PRAVEEN KUMAR , STEPHEN A.
Published: September 2022

Plants and fungi have a potential resource of natural compounds used as medicine. They have attracted the attention of humans because of their wide variety of nutraceuticals and biochemicals with bioactivity. A wide variety of mycochemical compounds isolated from different species of lignicolous mushrooms have been identified and their bioactivities like Antimicrobial, Antibacterial, Antiviral, Anthelminthic, Antifungal, Antioxidant, Anticancerous, Antidiabetic, immune boosters, etc. have been reported by different mycologist around the world. The present paper mainly focuses on the antidiabetic mushrooms widely growing in the forest, and cultivation. The lignicolous macro-fungi have different varieties of mycochemical compounds with pharmacological importance; so present papers mainly deal with mycochemicals, antidiabetic activity, and factors affecting the concentration of the mycochemical compounds in wild and cultivated lignicolous macro-fungi.
THE EFFECT OF DIFFERENT PACKAGING MATERIALS ON THE SANITARY QUALITY AND PROXIMATE COMPOSITION OF TRADITIONALLY PRODUCED PEANUT BUTTER
Authors: P. Omorodion Nnenna J. , Emmanuella Odu,
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted   to determine the microbial and proximate composition of Peanut butter using standard microbiological methods.  A total of 40 samples from different vendors of peanut butter were purchases at random. 20 samples were purchased in plastics while 20 were purchased in nylons. Nylon peanut butter was more contaminated than the plastic peanut butter. The organisms isolated include Bacillus sp, Escherichia coli, Serratia sp Enterococcus sp, Staphylococcus sp and Klebsiella sp. Bacillus sp had the highest percentage of occurrence of 35.5% followed by Klebsiella sp and Staphylococcus sp with a percentage frequency of occurrence of 19.4%, respectively. Enterococcus sp had a frequency of 12.9% and Serratia sp had a frequency of 9.7%. While Escherichia coli was the least with a frequency of 3.2%. For fungi, Aspergillus sp, and Penicillium sp were isolated. Aspergillus sp had the highest Percentage of occurrence of 60% and Penicillium sp a percentage occurrence of 40%. The occurrence of pathogenic bacteria in traditionally made peanut butter can be a potential health risk to the consumers, so proper handling of peanut butter during production is encouraged and also proper storage condition and safe usage while using for a prolong period time should be maintained properly to minimize the risk of microbial contamination of the  peanut butter  as well as the foodborne diseases of the consumers.
IMPACT OF SULPHUR DIOXIDE (SO2) STRESS ON GROWTH AND PHYSIOLOGICAL RESPONSES OF Calendula officinalis L.
Authors: GUPTA RICHA , PAL PRIYANKA , BHARTI . , MALHOTRA CHANCHAL , SARSAR VIKAS
Published: September 2022

Sustainable agriculture is need of era to maintain productivity and environment quality for farmers and society. The increased industrialization and urbanization are mainly responsible for increased air pollution. Pollutants can already lead to serious reduction of crop growth and yield. Sulphur compounds are the most harmful pollutants; the prime one is Sulphur dioxide (SO2). At pre-flowering stages, the growth responses of field-grown marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) plants to SO2 (320g/m3, 667g/m3, 1334g/m3) stress were investigated. Significant decrease in root and shoot length, leaf area, leaf number and chlorophyll content was observed with increased SO2 concentration. Compared with control, fumigation of SO2 at lower concentration also showed significant changes in plant attributes. SO2 fumigation reduces plant growth and affects negatively various morphological and physiological attributes. The results clearly showed that increasing day to day pollution causes the adverse effect on human food and economic viability of farm operations.
A prospective study of neonatal complications and birth defects in Pakistan
Authors: Aneela Adeeb  , Saima Gulshan  , Fatima Anwar  , Muhammad Imran khan  , Muhammad Farhan Sohail  , Badarqa Tul Ayesha  , Aamir Mushtaq
Published: September 2022

Worldwide 7.6 million children died in 2010 before reaching their 5th birthday. Pakistan has the 3rdhighest rate of neonatal mortality. There are several reasons for neonatal death so it is important to investigate the factors and causes behind this tragedy. The aim of current study was to determine the most commonly occurring diseases in neonates and causes behind them. Data was collected from different hospitals and about 150 neonates were selected for analysis. The analysis shows that female babies correspond to 56% as compared to male that is 44%. The premature cases reported were 24% while the rest were mature/ normal. At delivery time, 48% infants were under-weight.66% of the babies were delivered via C-Sections while 26% by Episiotomy and remaining case were of Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD).According to this study 46% of babies were normal and 42% were present with some complication whereas12% of infants were born with several birth defects. The most prevailing conditions in neonates were birth asphyxia, hypothermia, sepsis respiratory arrest, moaning ultimately death. So it is important to focus on antenatal care, effective referral system, increasing the literacy rate to minimize such complications can be avoided.
The Repercussions of the Donbass Crisis On Foreign Investment in Lugansk, Ukraine
Authors: Imad Mohammed Azhar Ali
Published: September 2022

Luhansk region is one of the biggest industrial regions in Ukraine and has considerable economic potential, which attracts attention of foreign enterprises. Foreign economic activity of the region is realized both at the level of the region and at the level of individual enterprises. This work aims to shed light on the Donbas crisis and the reasons behind the recent disquieting developments. The research divided the beginning of the concept of the economic crisis and the repercussions of the Donbas, specifically the city of Luhansk, eastern Ukraine, before and after the crisis.
Aspectual Connectors: Supporting the Seamless Integration of Aspects and ADLs
Authors: Batista Thaís , Chavez Christina , Garcia Alessandro , Kulesza Uirá , Sant’Anna Cláudio , Lucena Carlos
Published: September 2022

With the emergence of Aspect-Oriented Software Development (AOSD), there is a need to understand the adequacy of Architecture Description Languages (ADLs) connection abstractions for capturing the crosscutting nature of some architectural concerns. In this paper, we present the Aspectual Connector (AC), a special kind of architectural connector, as the only necessary enhancement to an ADL in order to support a seamless integration of AOSD and Software Architecture. We also present AspectualACME, an extension to ACME that incorporates ACs and additional facilities to modularize architectural crosscutting concerns. We use a Web-based information system as the main case study.
Uma Investigação de Modelos de Estimativas de Esforço em Gerenciamento de Projeto de Software
Authors: Tronto Iris Fabiana de Barcelos , Silva José Demísio Simões da , Sant’Anna Nilson
Published: September 2022

Estimativas precisas em gerenciamento de projetos é um fator crítico. Medidas de tamanho, esforço, recursos, custo, e tempo despendidos no desenvolvimento de software são fundamentais. Valores subestimados de esforço podem fazer com que pressões de tempo comprometam todo o desenvolvimento funcional e até mesmo o teste de software. Por outro lado, valores superestimados podem resultar em projetos não competitivos. Neste artigo, modelos como redes neurais e regressão, são apontados como alternativas para aqueles que não acreditam em modelos de estimativas. Os resultados apresentados comparam o desempenho desses métodos e indicam que estas técnicas são competitivas com os métodos APF, SLIM e COCOMO.
Experimental Evaluation of Coverage Criteria for FSM-based Testing
Authors: Simão Adenilso , Petrenko Alexandre , Maldonado Jose Carlos
Published: September 2022

In order to plan testing activities, testers face the challenge of determining a strategy, including a test coverage criterion, that offers an acceptable compromise between the available resources and test goals. Known theoretical properties of coverage criteria do not always help and thus empirical data are needed. In this paper, we present the results of an experimental evaluation of several commonly used coverage criteria for Finite State Machines.
Unveiling and Taming Liabilities of Aspect Libraries Reuse
Authors: Coelho Roberta , Kulesza Uirá , Rashid Awais , von Staa Arndt , Lucena Carlos
Published: September 2022

Aspect Libraries have introduced new possibilities of application composition, facilitating the reuse of crosscutting functionalities. However, if on the one hand this facilitates the independent development of reusable aspects, on the other hand it can bring additional complexity to software reuse, especially, in exception-aware systems. In this work, we present a set of potential fault scenarios associated with aspect libraries reuse. We show that the reuse of aspect libraries is indeed fault prone in exceptional conditions and present a principled reuse approach supported by a static analysis tool that leads to significant improvements.
AIRDoc – An Approach to Improve Requirements Documents
Authors: Ramos Ricardo , Castro Jaelson , Araújo João , Moreira Ana , Alencar Fernanda , Santos Emanuela , Penteado Rosangela
Published: September 2022

Requirements models and specifications tend to be plagued by many problems such as requirements that have been abandoned and that are no longer meaningful, descriptions that are unnecessarily long and convoluted, and information that is duplicated. These problems hinder the overall understandability and reusability of software models throughout the whole development process. In this paper we propose an approach called AIRDoc that supports the identification of potential problems that may be present in requirements models. AIRDoc is based on the elaboration of goals and the definition of questions and hypotheses that will be addressed by requirements metrics. In order to improve the quality of requirements models we advocate the use of refactorings and requirements patterns. A case study demonstrates how the AIRDoc has been successfully applied in large requirements model conducted by SERPRO, a Brazilian Government software company.
Die Zurechnung bei Straftaten aus Gruppen
Authors: Bähr Mathias
Published: September 2022

§ 184j StGB is one of the most criticized provisions of the German Criminal Code. The criticism refers in particular to the lack of compatibility with the principle of personal liability. The authour succeeds - with recourse to social psychology - in refuting the criticism. The attribution made by § 184j StGB proves to be reasonable against the background of group dynamics. On the basis of this finding, the authour addresses the question of the need for a general norm for all criminal acts committed from within a group. He concludes that there is a need for regulation only for sexual offenses. Finally, the author presents an alternative wording for § 184j StGB.
Mediação da atividade pedagógica na apropriação e na objetivação dos conteúdos escolares
Authors: Sousa Elayna Maria Santos , Marques Eliana Sousa Alencar
Published: September 2022

Com base no entendimento de que a atividade pedagógica desenvolvida na escola é mediação indispensável para formação de novas funções psicológicas superiores dos estudantes, este artigo analisa significações produzidas por professores acerca do potencial da atividade pedagógica como mediação no processo de apropriação e objetivação dos conteúdos escolares no Ensino Médio. Ancorada na Psicologia Histórico-Cultural e na Pedagogia Histórico-Crítica, é resultado de pesquisa-formação realizada em estudos de mestrado, envolvendo professores e alunos de uma escola filantrópica da cidade de Teresina-PI, que participam de projeto de extensão universitária. Os instrumentos utilizados na produção das informações que serviram como corpus empírico foram sessões de estudo e reflexão crítica, com base em textos previamente selecionados e entrevista reflexiva. Como procedimento de análise, adota a análise textual discursiva. As significações produzidas pelo participante da pesquisa revelam que a atividade pedagógica ganha outra qualidade quando favorece aos estudantes (singularidades) apropriação dos conteúdos científicos mediada pela dimensão afetivo-cognitiva, ou seja, pelo que sentem e pensam a respeito da sua realidade, objetivando novos modos de ser e de existir, sobretudo quando conseguem realizar inferências analógicas entre conhecimento científico e vida cotidiana. A apropriação e a objetivação dos conteúdos científicos na escola medeiam o desenvolvimento dos estudantes à medida que os levam à produção de novos questionamentos que se traduzem em novas relações com a realidade social e histórica.
branquitude acadêmica, a invisibilização da produção científica negra, a autoproteção branca, o pesquisador branco e o objetivo-fim
Authors: Cardoso Lourenço Conceicao
Published: September 2022

Neste artigo tratarei da invisibilização da produção científica negra promovida pelos brancos acadêmicos. Darei ênfase ao pioneirismo do Guerreiro Ramos para se pensar a identidade racial branca no mundo, abordarei a importância de Maria Aparecida da Silva Bento a respeito do tema branquitude no Brasil. Além disso, descreverei o papel do movimento negro como escola informal e a prática do branco se proteger quando entra em disputa com o negro. Por fim, questionarei o papel do branco pesquisador que procura buscar sua paz quando a realidade social o incomoda. Isto é, o fato do branco, investigador da branquitude, se encontrar no lugar de opressor e de explorador racial pode levá-lo a apresentar rapidamente uma solução para problema. Ou talvez seja uma saída ligeira para o seu próprio desconforto. A minha análise também levará em conta uma autorreflexão, a minha educação “informal”, ou seja, o conhecimento que adquiri com os meus encontros com alguns personagens do movimento negro.
Las ‘memorias’ del terrorismo: Las víctimas de la violencia política y la educación secundaria en el País Vasco (2005-2021)
Authors: Mota Zurdo David
Published: September 2022

Desde octubre de 2011, las instituciones vascas y españolas se han sumergido en el análisis del pasado reciente del País Vasco, haciendo hincapié en la historia y la memoria del terrorismo. Éstas están trabajando en el estudio de este episodio traumático a través de entidades como el Centro Memorial de las Víctimas del Terrorismo y de Gogora: Instituto de la Memoria, la Convivencia y los Derechos Humanos. La existencia de dos organizaciones memorialísticas de relato divergente ha puesto de manifiesto que la sociedad vasca aún permanece polarizada y que, pese al periodo inicial de optimismo, la ciudadanía está pasando (in-)conscientemente la página del terrorismo sin siquiera haberla leído: una disparidad de narrativas que está teniendo su efecto en el ámbito educativo. Este artículo da cuenta de las iniciativas implementadas por el Gobierno Vasco para llevar la historia del terrorismo al currículo de la Educación Secundaria Obligatoria en Euskadi, subrayando los programas educativos desplegados entre 2005 y 2021 para tratar de deslegitimarlo. El objetivo es evidenciar el enfrentamiento de narrativas, el porqué de las discrepancias y la incidencia que tal circunstancia tiene sobre cómo se quiere transmitir y contar este episodio de la historia de la violencia política en España.
Validación psicométrica de la Escala Tránsito a la Vida Adulta en estudiantes universitarios
Authors: Guerra-Santana Mónica
Published: September 2022

Esta investigación tuvo por objeto analizar la validez de constructo y la fiabilidad de un cuestionario adaptado al español de la escala sobre la percepción acerca de la transición a la edad adulta de Arnett (2001) mediante juicio de expertos, un análisis factorial exploratorio (AFE), para identificar las dimensiones latentes, y análisis factorial confirmatorio (AFC), utilizando el método basado en el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (SEM). Este modelo estudia la bondad de ajuste para determinar si las varianzas y covarianzas de los datos son consistentes con el modelo diseñado para demostrar que la estructura factorial del instrumento es parsimoniosa y posee buen ajuste. La muestra está formada por 906 estudiantes universitarios, siendo la media de edad de 21 años.   El AFE revela una estructura de tres factores responsables del 63,04% de la varianza, los cuales presentan unas saturaciones que oscilan entre α=.67 y α=.89; asimismo, la consistencia interna del global de la escala es muy alta, α= .895. Los valores de los índices de bondad de ajuste del modelo fueron bastante satisfactorios, GFI= .934 y AGFI= .934, el RMSEA= .057 y SRMR= .043. Los resultados sugieren que la escala presenta unas propiedades psicométricas adecuadas pues goza de validez de constructo, de una satisfactoria estructura factorial y de una notable fiabilidad, lo que hace recomendable su uso.
PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE METAL ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING
Authors: ARRIZUBIETA ARRATE JON IÑAKI , LAMIKIZ MENTXAKA AITZOL , UKAR ARRIEN ENEKO
Published: September 2022

Additive manufacturing (AF) is a set of processes based on the contribution of material and that, according to ISO/ASTM 52900:2021, the result is a component of greater mass than the initial one. In this way, FA enables the integral fabrication of complex geometries of complex geometries, the generation of details in those areas of interest areas of interest or the coating of localized areas areas, generally subjected to high demands. to high demands.
AIR INFILTRATIONS AND EFFECTS ON COMFORT: CASE STUDY
Authors: FRANQUELO SOLER JUAN , BLÁZQUEZ PARRA ELIDIA BEATRIZ , DE COZAR MACIAS OSCAR , MARIN GRANADOS MANUEL DAMIAN , SOTO LARA FRANCISCO JAVIER
Published: September 2022

The Mediterranean is known for its mild climate and pleasant temperature. This situation explains why old buildings in these areas have generally lacked a high level of protection against the cold and not much emphasis has been placed on insulation or infiltration.
Ultralyd-veiledet venekateterisering
Authors: Mehus Andrea , Johansen Ina Maria , Løvland Kristin
Published: September 2022

Introduksjon: Ved CT-undersøkelser gis kontrastinjeksjon for å forbedre gjengivelsen av blodkar, organer, svulster mm. Perifer venepunksjon kan være vanskelig, av ulike anatomiske årsaker. Sikker kontrast-injeksjon krever adgang via et kateter, lagt inn i et ‘tilstrekkelig godt blodkar’.  Vener kan ligge dypt i vevet, være tynne, porøse, ligge anatomisk vanskelig til; eller på andre måter være vanskelig. Målet var en empirisk studie med kartlegging av erfaringer med ultralyd-veiledet perifert venekateter (UL-PVK), i stedet for frihånds-innlegging.  

Metode: Semi-strukturerte, individuelle intervjuer ble utført med syv radiografer fra tre ulike sykehus; alle hadde erfaring med UL-PVK. En intervju-guide ble designet med grunnlag i kasuistikker fra tida før og etter tilgang til ultralyd-assistert innleggelse av veneflon. Tematisk metode ble benyttet for gruppering av egenskaper, og analysere av datamaterialet. 

Resultat: Den tematiske analysen viste tre hovedtemaer; 1) Tidspress knyttet til arbeidsmengden for arbeidsdagen, og hvordan radiografene opplevde at UL påvirket dette. 2) Praktisk anvendelse ved PVK-innleggelsen og hvilke muligheter UL-PVK gir radiografene. 3) Pasient-behandling, hvordan informantene opplever at UL-PVK påvirker kvaliteten i arbeidet.  

Konklusjon: Informantene opplevde positiv endring i flyt på CT-programmet, etter de fikk tilgang på UL. De opplevde økt følelse av kontroll, mestring og tids-effektivisering; ringvirkninger som ga bedret pasientflyt og økt yrkesstolthet.
Adverse Outcomes in Pregnancy with Chronic Hypertension with and without Superimposed Preeclampsia in Urban South Indian Population: A Prospective Observational Study
Authors: Kallu Niharika Reddy , Kolar Geeta , Redishetty Saritha , Kistampally Pradeep Kumar Reddy
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Pregnant women with chronic hypertension and who developed superimposed Preeclampsia (PE) had a higher rate of adverse maternal and perinatal outcomes. Prospective data on the outcome of pregnancies with chronic hypertension are sparse. Aim: To evaluate the maternal and perinatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by chronic hypertension with and without superimposed PE in South Indian population. Materials and Methods: A two group, parallel, prospective observational study was carried out in 270 women with singleton pregnancy and chronic hypertension with and without superimposed PE and who received antenatal care and delivered in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at Fernandez hospital, Hyderabad, Telangana, India from March 2019 to February 2020. A total of 180 women had chronic hypertension without superimposed PE and 90 had superimposed PE (group A, 180 cases; group B, 90 cases). The medical records were reviewed with specific reference to the treatment, development of Foetal Growth Restriction (FGR), maternal and perinatal outcomes. FGR was considered as the primary outcome variable. Secondary variables were stillbirth rate, low birth weight, Neonatal Intensive Care Unit admissions, Appearance, Pulse, Grimace, Activity, and Respiration (APGAR) at 5 minutes, gestational age at delivery, caesarean section rate and maternal complications. Categorical variables were assessed by Pearson’s Chi-square test. Continuous variables were assessed by unpaired student t-test. Results: The mean maternal age in group A was 32±5 years and in group B was 30±4 years. Adverse maternal outcomes like abruption, Haemolysis, Elevated liver enzymes, and Low platelets (HELLP) syndrome, and pulmonary oedema were all low in women without superimposed PE than those with superimposed PE (1.6% vs 12%, p≤0.001). There were no maternal deaths in either group. Compared to group A, group B showed higher FGR rate (15.5%vs 51.1%, p<0.001), preterm deliveries (<37 weeks) (50.5% vs 80% p<0.001), stillbirths (0 vs 13.3%), low APGAR at 5 minutes (1.1% vs 16.6%%, p<0.001), low birth weight (21.2% vs 71.1%, p<0.001), NICU admissions (14.4% vs 43.3%, p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the caeserean section rate between the groups (69.4% vs 74.4%, p=0.39). Conclusion: Maternal and perinatal morbidity was higher in women having chronic hypertension with superimposed PE. They need vigilant maternal and foetal surveillance and should be counseled about all the possible adverse outcomes.
Enhanced Periodontal Debridement with Periodontal Endoscopy (Perioscopy) for Diagnosis and Treatment in Periodontal Therapy
Authors: Rathod Aishwarya Deepaksingh , Jaiswal Priyanka Ganesh , Masurkar Deepika Ajit
Published: September 2022

The perioscope, which was only recently introduced, has greatly improved the removal of subgingval calculus during periodontal therapy. A fibre-optic periodontal endoscope was created to aid in the imaging of subgingival tissues and to improve periodontal disease diagnosis and treatment. Scaling and root planing have the goal of completely removing plaque and calculus from root surfaces. While this is unachievable, the agreed end-point during periodontal instrumentation is a smooth, glassy root surface. This has frequently led in over instrumentation and excessive cementum removal. Cement removal has been judged unnecessary in most cases. The removal of plaque, calculus, and endotoxin adhered to the root surface is critical. The easiest way to clean root surfaces is to use powered instruments sparingly. Due to a lack of visibility, excessive cementum removal occurs during hand instrumentation. The ability to visibly debride roots using endoscopic technology can improve success rates in a more conservative and minimally invasive manner. The perioscopy device was created to visualise the subgingival region for diagnosis, but it has since been altered to help with periodontitis therapy. The perioscope is a small camera that is encased in a sleeve and inserted under the gingival sulcus or pocket for subgingivally visualisation and instrumentation. This technique gives the greatest conservative approach to non surgical and surgical periodontal care because it enables superb magnified visualisation of the root surface and ensures the total or near complete elimination of the bacterial infection. The aim of this brief review was to provide knowledge about periodontal endoscopy, its implementation in day today practice.
An Emerging Neglected Co-infection: Aspergillus fumigatus and Mycobacterium gordonae Co-infection in an Immunocompromised Patient
Authors: Kumaravel Rani , Shanmugam Priyadarshini , Selvabai R Alice Peace
Published: September 2022

Non Tuberculous Mycobacteria (NTM) commonly affect the immunocompromised patients afflicted with chronic pulmonary disease and other opportunistic infections such as Aspergillus species. Although the symptoms and signs are similar for both, early laboratory diagnosis and treatment would reduce the duration of hospitalisation and unnecessary exposure to antimicrobials. Since NTM and Aspergillus species co-infection is an emerging trend, and delay in diagnosis and treatment can cause major complications, it is essential to clinically suspect the same, and this will help in early diagnosis of the infection, keeping in mind the delayed growth of NTM and Aspergillus species in culture and the time taken to identify the infecting organism. Here, an interesting case of an immunocompromised 63-year-old male patient with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) on frequent treatment who had symptoms of cough with expectoration, breathlessness on exertion, malaise, loss of weight and appetite for three months is reported. The patient was conscious, oriented and cachectic with complaints of breathing difficulty at the time of admission. Considering the positive report of Sputum for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) and negative GeneXpert report, the patient sample was tested by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for NTM which was positive. The patient was diagnosed with Mycobacterium gordonae (M. gordonae) and Aspergillus fumigatus co-infection.
Para Adnexal CystsA Clinicopathological Study
Authors: Basavaraj Shwetha , Prakash Sumitha Maniyan , Modepalli Nalini , Raj Jyothi Ananth , Chaudhuri Devayani , Saini Ravi
Published: September 2022

Introduction: Para adnexal cysts (paraovarian and paratubal) constitutes a homogenous group of cystic lesions originating from mesosalphinx or broad ligament, located in proximity of the fallopian tube and ovary. As with the lesions of the adnexa, paraovarian and paratubal cysts can be neoplastic but are often misinterpreted as true functional cysts. A correct radiological and clinical diagnosis would be useful in order to render necessary treatment. Aim: To highlight the histomorphologic spectrum of the paraadnexal cysts and correlate with clinical findings. Materials and Methods: The present study was a descriptive study conducted in the Department of Pathology, Rajarajeswari Medical College, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India over a period of two years six months. All specimens including salpingoophorectomy specimens which harboured paratubal or paraovarain cysts, or paratubal/paraovarian cysts diagnosed on radiology and resected and sent separately for histopathologic evaluation were sampled and included in the study. All surgically and radiologically proven paratubal and paraovarian cystic lesions were included and solid lesions were excluded. The results were analysed using descriptive statistics. Results: The mean age of diagnoses was 40.1 years and menstrual abnormalities was the most common presentation. Of the Neoplastic cysts, paraovarian cysts (78.6%) were more common than paratubal cysts (21.4%). About 75.4 % were non neoplastic cysts and 24.6% were neoplastic. Conclusion: Para adnexal cysts are often misdiagnosed or not sampled as they are thought of as functional cysts. Present study analysed 114 cases and found that 28 of the cases showed neoplastic cysts, one of them showing a serous borderline tumour, which have the potential to turn malignant. Hence, histopathologic evaluation of these lesions would help in understanding the different histological types that would arise in para adnexal sites which in turn helps in better management of these patients.
Comparison of Infiltration Rates of Soils for Run-Off Management and Irrigation Planning in Makurdi Benue State, Nigeria
Authors: O. Adaikwu A. , M. Samson V. , Judge J.
Published: September 2022

Understanding of initial infiltration rates and steady state infiltration rates of soil is very important for runoff management and irrigation scheduling. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm of Joseph Sarwuan Tarka University, Makurdi in 2018 to evaluate the initial and steady state infiltration rates of soils in Makurdi, Nigeria. Infiltration test was carried out using double ring infiltrometer at eighteen points. Initial and steady state infiltration rates and the cumulative infiltration were then calculated. Soil samples were collected from the adjacent area of the marked points at 0-15 cm and 15-30 cm depths for routine analysis. Undisturbed soil samples were also collected for the measurement of saturated hydraulic conductivity, bulk density, total porosity and moisture content determination. Simple descriptive statistic of mean, variance and standard deviation was used to analyze the data. The soils were predominantly sandy loan texture, with percentage sand, silt and clay as 710.7, 118.9, and 170.4 g kg-1 respectively. Soil bulk density and saturated hydraulic conductivity were 1.40 g cm-3 and 10.27 cm hr-1 at 0 – 15 cm depth, while soil organic carbon and CEC were 0.67 % and 6.62 cmol/kg respectively. The initial infiltration rate ranged from 7.40 - 87.46 mm hr-1 with a mean of 44.09 mm hr-1, meanwhile, the steady state infiltration rate ranged between 4.99 – 22 mm hr-1, with a mean value of 15.42 mm hr-1. High soil bulk density caused moderate to low infiltration capacity. The mean values for the steady state infiltration rate suggest that the soils of the study area have moderate infiltration capacity, therefore, water application for irrigation should be less or equal to the infiltration capacity of the soils to minimize water loss by surface runoff and erosion.
Screening of Various Genotypes of Castor for Resistance against Castor Leafhopper, Empoasca flavescens Fabricius
Authors: Josan Chaand , Kalkal Deepika , Parkash Jai
Published: September 2022

A screening trial with 10 castor genotypes to assess their relative reaction to leafhoppers (Empoasca flavescens) was conducted at CCSHAU, Regional Research Station, Bawal during the Kharif season, 2019-20. Among the 10 genotypes, leafhopper population varied from 2.3 to 8.3. Based on leafhopper population and hopper burn score, the triple bloom genotypes Maharaja-9 and GCH-7 were found tolerant to leafhopper whereas the single bloom genotype DCH-177 was highly susceptible. The phenols content in the castor leaves had a significant negative correlation with leafhopper population and hopper burn score while total carbohydrates present in the leaves had a significant positive correlation with leafhopper population and hopper burn score. The intensity of bloom and phenols and carbohydrates content were found to play a major role in the infestation of castor leafhopper.
Response of Different Level of Phosphorus, Zinc and Rhizobium Inoculation on Growth Yield Attributes and Yield of Chickpea (Cicer aretinum L.)
Authors: Yadav Ankit , Singh Devendra , Kumar Ravindra , Sachan Ravindra , Kumar Kishan , Singh Anshul , Tiwari Abhishek , Singh Krishna Kumar
Published: September 2022

The present field experiment was conducted during the Rabi season of 2020-21 and 2021-22 at the Student's Instructional Farm of Chandra Shekhar Azad University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur, Uttar Pradesh. The experiment comprised of 18 treatment combinations in Factorial randomized block deign with three replications. The result shown among the growth parameters the following assessed data: maximum plant height (48.56 cm) at 90 DAS, the number of nodules (31.27) at 60 DAS, dry weight of nodules (185.77 mg) at 60 DAS and the number of branches (18.12), similarly among yield attributes and yield viz. number of pod plant-1 (69.54), number of grains pod-1 (1.78), 100 grain weight (20.19 gm), grain yield (20.89 q ha-1) and stover yield (25.26 q ha-1) were recorded under T18 (P60+Zn2.5+ rhizobium) during the second year (2021-22) of experimentation. The application of phosphorous, zinc and rhizobium inoculation significantly increase growth, yield and yield attributes of chickpea during the both years of experiments. The present study shown that application of phosphorus, zinc and rhizobium inoculation along with recommended nitrogen and potassium could been an effective option for enhancing the chickpea growth parameters, yield attributes and yield of chickpea.
A New Investigation on Resonance of the Sun with a Decisive Importance to Magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) Pure Shear Flow Permeated by an Oblique Magnetic Field
Authors: Ghosh S. K.
Published: September 2022

MHD Couette motion in a rotating environment under the influence of an inclined magnetic field subjected to a periodic driving force under resonance is investigated. The existence of a magnetic mirror with the Sun is the representation of an inclined magnetic field that exerts its influence of a thermonuclear reactor at the resonant level. Plasma fusion interacts with a controllable region in the presence of an inclined magnetic field so that the emission of hot electron spiralling in a magnetic field. Plasma induced laser radiation in the presence of a magnetic mirror with reference to a driving force with a decisive importance to a dynamo context of the system to exhibit resonance fluorescence so that a laser photon light is transmitted from the sun.
Advances in the Adverse Effects of Covid-19 Vaccination and the Concept of Vaccine Development
Authors: Hussain Md. Sadique , Singh Sandeep , Dhingra Garima , Khatri Himanshi , Tanwar Sonia , Panchal Anshuman
Published: September 2022

Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) is an outbreak on a scale unseen in modern human history. More than two years after the outbreak began, there are 271 million fatalities and more than 5.32 million mortalities reported globally. Vaccination has been the most successful medical intervention in the last century to minimize mortality and suffering due to infectious illnesses. Only the discovery and dissemination of an effective vaccine will probably result at the end of this pandemic. Tremendous attempts have also been made to develop secure and convenient vaccinations. Vaccination is an efficient method of preventing viral illness, stopping its spread, and developing protective immunity. Improved understanding of protective immunity and significant advances in gene editing has enabled the development of a wide range of novel vaccines by manipulating sugars, RNA, proteins, and DNA. The development of attenuated mutants, the expression of prospective antigens in live vectors, and the purifying and direct production of antigens in novel systems have all greatly enhanced vaccination science. Several researchers have been working to assess the effectiveness and toxicity of potential vaccinations against new COVID-19. Furthermore, it is critical to assess the impact of immunization on the severity of illness. Vaccination is currently the most efficient method of regulating animal and human viral illnesses, either by avoiding fatality or drop in suffering. This review summaries several vaccinations developed by different countries. The details are taken and reviewed by a number of articles including research/review articles, systematic reviews and meta-analysis. The articles were selected randomly and different data was collected to present as a short review.
Fundus Changes in the Offspring of Mothers With Confirmed Zika Virus Infection During Pregnancy in French Guiana, Guadeloupe, and Martinique, French West Indies
Authors: Merle Harold , Chassery Maxime , Béral Laurence , Najioullah Fatiha , Cabié André , Césaire Raymond , Fléchelles Olivier , Pignol Jérome , Errera Marie-Hélène , Ventura Eric , Grant Rebecca , Fontanet Arnaud , David Thierry , Tressières Benoit , Hoen Bruno
Published: September 2022

Importance

Most ocular lesions have been described for children with congenital Zika syndrome. The frequency of finding ocular abnormalities is unknown among children exposed to Zika virus (ZIKV) during pregnancy. This study was conducted on newborns whose mothers were positive for ZIKV, confirmed with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) testing.

Objective

To report ocular fundus manifestations in newborns with congenital ZIKV exposure in French Guiana, Martinique, and Guadeloupe, French West Indies, to assess its prevalence. Risk factors, such as the presence of extraocular fetopathies and the gestational term at infection, were sought.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This was a cross-sectional multicentric study, conducted from August 1, 2016, to April 30, 2019, for which data were collected prospectively. The study inception was at the beginning of 2016 from the onset of the ZIKV epidemic in the French West Indies. Newborns whose mothers tested positive (by RT-PCR) for ZIKV during pregnancy were included.

Interventions

Fundus examination was performed using widefield retinal imaging after pupil dilation. Infection date, delivery mode, and newborn measurements were collected.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Anomalies of the vitreous, choroid, retina, and optic disc.

Results

A total of 330 children (mean [SD] age, 68 [IQR, 22-440] days; 170 girls [51.5%]) were included. Eleven children (3.3%) had perivascular retinal hemorrhages, and 3 (0.9%) had lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection: 1 child had torpedo maculopathy, 1 child had a chorioretinal scar with iris and lens coloboma, and 1 child had a chorioretinal scar. Retinal hemorrhages were found at childbirth during early screening. Lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection were not associated with the presence of extraocular fetopathy. Microcephaly was not associated with lesions compatible with congenital ZIKV infection (odds ratio [OR], 9.1; 95% CI, 0.8-105.3; P = .08), but severe microcephaly was associated with an OR of 81 (95% CI, 5.1-1297.8; P = .002).

Conclusions and Relevance

Results of this cross-sectional study suggest that the ocular anomalies found may be associated with ZIKV in 0.9% of the exposed population. Ocular lesions were rare, affected mostly the choroid and retina, and seemed to be associated with choroiditis-related scarring that developed during fetal growth.
Artificial intelligence and auditing in small‐ and medium‐sized firms: Expectations and applications
Authors: Rikhardsson Pall , Thórisson Kristinn R. , Bergthorsson Gudmundur , Batt Catherine
Published: September 2022

Auditing is a field of expertise often mentioned as being ripe for automation using artificial intelligence methods at all levels of operations. Primarily, the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the auditing profession is done by and for large organizations, leveraging large datasets. While AI approaches for big data are continually improving, methods for small data are scarce. Yet most firms in the world employ fewer than 50 people and can, therefore, rarely rely on big data for automation. In our study, we ask auditors, who mainly audit SMEs, about their expectations towards the impact of AI on the auditing profession and where they expect it to provide the most value when it comes to auditing SMEs. We find that these auditors expect significant improvements in their own efficiency on the job, that learning to use AI applications will not be a challenge for them, and that the use of AI in auditing firms will become mandatory in the future. They expect the performance of certain tasks to become AI‐augmented, including risk assessment of individual transactions, conducting audit interviews, performing all manners of analysis, writing confirmation letters, performing the final verification of annual reports, and performing physical observations. Considering these results, we discuss the potential impact of these developments, such as how AI could make the auditing process more effective and efficient but also how AI could lead to an even higher concentration of the auditing service industry.
2D Xenes: Optical and Optoelectronic Properties and Applications in Photonic Devices
Authors: Liu Zhihao , Liu Jun , Yin Peng , Ge Yanqi , Al‐Hartomy Omar A. , Al‐Ghamdi Ahmed , Wageh Swelm , Tang Yuxuan , Zhang Han
Published: September 2022

In recent years, tremendous attention has been paid to the investigation of single‐element 2D materials. These 2D materials mainly consist of elements from group IV and group V such as silicene, phosphorene, and antimonene. Together with other four elements from groups III and VI, they are classified as 2D Xenes and exhibit rich optical and optoelectronic properties such as broadband optical response, strong nonlinearity, ultrafast recovery time, and layer‐dependent bandgap. 2D Xenes can be easily integrated with microfibers and other optical platforms. On the basis of their attracting characteristics, 2D Xenes have been utilized in various functional devices. In this review, the optical and optoelectronic properties of the most intensively studied 2D Xenes are introduced. Their applications in photonic devices including all‐optical modulators, wavelength converters, ultrafast lasers, and photodetectors are explicitly explored. Finally, the challenges and future perspectives of photonic devices based on 2D Xenes are discussed.
Revealing 2D Magnetism in a Bulk CrSBr Single Crystal by Electron Spin Resonance
Authors: Moro Fabrizio , Ke Shenggang , del Águila Andrés Granados , Söll Aljoscha , Sofer Zdenek , Wu Qiong , Yue Ming , Li Liang , Liu Xue , Fanciulli Marco
Published: September 2022

2D magnets represent material systems in which magnetic order and topological phase transitions can be observed. Based on these phenomena, novel types of computing architectures and magnetoelectronic devices can be envisaged. Unlike conventional magnetic films, their magnetism is independent of the substrate and interface qualities, and 2D magnetic properties manifest even in formally bulk single crystals. However, 2D magnetism in layered materials is rarely reported often due to weak exchange interactions and magnetic anisotropy, and low magnetic transition temperatures. Here, the electron spin resonance (ESR) properties of a layered antiferromagnetic CrSBr single crystal are reported. The W‐like shape angular dependence of the ESR linewidth provides a signature for room temperature spin–spin correlations and for the XY spin model. By approaching the Néel temperature the arising of competing intralayer ferromagnetic and interlayer antiferromagnetic interactions might lead to the formation of vortex and antivortex pairs. This argument is inferred by modeling the temperature dependence of the ESR linewidth with the topological Berezinskii‐Kosterlitz‐Thouless phase transition. These findings together with the chemical stability and semiconducting properties, make CrSBr a promising layered magnet for future magneto‐ and topological‐electronics.
Gradient Modulus Tissue Adhesive Composite for Dynamic Wound Closure
Authors: Li Yuan , Li Guohao , Chen You , Zhao Xiaotong , Wang Yatong , Liu Jie , Li Zhe
Published: September 2022

Wound closure in fluid‐rich and dynamic environments is challenging. Wound closed by suturing or stapling is prone to tear, causing fluid leakage and inflection. Despite recent advances in tissue adhesive for wound sealing, existing tissue adhesive hydrogels are too soft and stretchable to keep wound edges together under dynamic loading. Here a biodegradable gradient modulus tissue adhesive composite (GmTAC), consisting of three functional components including a tissue adhesive matrix, a gradient modulus micro‐mesh, and an oil‐infused anti‐adhesion surface is presented. The 100 µm thick GmTAC patch can rapidly adhere on wet tissue surface to seal the wound, protect the wound from dynamic tear, prevent adhesion with surrounding tissue, and gradually degrade without the need of patch retrieval. Moreover, an optimally designed GmTAC patch can make the wounded intestine deform like its intact counterpart without visible tear or stress concentration even under large tension or inflation. Efficacy of the GmTAC for wound closure and tear prevention in dynamic and fluid‐rich environments is verified in vitro and in vivo with simulation. This study thereby demonstrates that this strategy has the great potential for the management of challenging wounds.
Tissue Niche Miniature of Glioblastoma Patient Treated with Nano‐Awakeners to Induce Suicide of Cancer Stem Cells
Authors: Yoon Seon‐Jin , Baek Sewoom , Yu Seung Eun , Jo Euna , Lee Dongkyu , Shim Jin‐Kyoung , Choi Ran Joo , Park Junseong , Moon Ju Hyung , Kim Eui‐Hyun , Chang Jong Hee , Lee Jung Bok , Park Joon‐Sang , Sung Hak‐Joon , Kang Seok‐Gu
Published: September 2022

Patient‐specific cancer therapies can evolve by vitalizing the mother tissue‐like cancer niche, cellular profile, genetic signature, and drug responsiveness. This evolution has enabled the elucidation of a key mechanism along with development of the mechanism‐driven therapy. After surgical treatment, glioblastoma (GBM) patients require prompt therapy within 14 days in a patient‐specific manner. Hence, this study approaches direct culture of GBM patient tissue (1 mm diameter) in a microchannel network chip. Cancer vasculature‐mimetic perfusion can support the preservation of the mother tissue‐like characteristic signatures and microenvironment. When temozolomide and radiation are administered within 1 day, the responsiveness of the tissue in the chip reflected the clinical outcomes, thereby overcoming the time‐consuming process of cell and organoid culture. When the tissue chip culture is continued, the intact GBM signature gets lost, and the outward migration of stem cells from the tissue origin increases, indicating a leaving‐home effect on the family dismantle. Nanovesicle production using GBM stem cells enables self‐chasing of the cells that escape the temozolomide effect owing to quiescence. The anti‐PTPRZ1 peptide display and temozolomide loading to nanovesicles awakes cancer stem cells from the quiescent stage to death. This study suggests a GBM clinic‐driven avatar platform and mechanism‐learned nanotherapy for translation.