bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effects of isothermal heat treatment on tribological and electrochemical performances of alumina-based coatings with monoclinic zirconia
Authors: Bouklouche Issam , Younes Rassim , Boudjit Sarra , Bradai Mohand Amokrane , Rezzoug Amine , Gehlen Larissa Rossi , Pintaude Giuseppe
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The purpose of this study is to explore the possibility of enhancing the tribological and electrochemical performances of alumina coating using monoclinic zirconia addition and post-heat treatment.

Design/methodology/approach

Al2O3 and Al2O3-ZrO2 coatings were deposited on plain steel by flame-wire spraying. The influence of zirconia addition and post-treatment (900? for two hours) on phase composition and mechanical, tribological and electrochemical behaviors was investigated. Sliding dry tests were performed using a ball-on-disc test rig with WC-Co as the counter body. Polarization and impedance electrochemical responses were conducted under a 3.5 Wt.% NaCl solution.

Findings

X-ray diffraction measurements revealed an increase in the a-Al2O3 phase after heat treatment. Sliding dry tests showed that the abrasive wear mechanism was predominant for all coatings, leading to a good correlation between hardness and wear rates. However, the friction behavior had an opposite trend: the higher the hardness, the higher the coefficient of friction. The addition of zirconia significantly affected the corrosion resistance, which was more positive than the heat treatment effect.

Originality/value

Post-treatment showed beneficial effects on the wear and corrosion performance of alumina-based coatings, with a particularly noticeable improvement for the coating containing 30 Wt.% ZrO2. These improvements were more pronounced for the Al2O3-ZrO2 coating than the pure alumina Al2O3 coating.

Peer review

The peer review history for this article is available at: https://publons.com/publon/10.1108/ILT-05-2024-0190/
Using rational influence tactics to build long-term relationship and acquire knowledge in B2B marketing channels: evidence from Vietnam
Authors: Do Hai-Ninh , Dang-Van Thac
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Relationship between firms in a B2B marketing channel is often complex in nature. In emerging markets, there is a dramatic shift from traditional state-owned channels to a more market-oriented channel. Acquiring knowledge and expertise from channel firms is an important issue in these markets. However, the mechanisms to acquire knowledge in B2B marketing channels have been underdetermined in the current literature of B2B marketing channels. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between rational influence tactics and knowledge acquisition, with the mediating role of long-term relationship and the moderating role of helping behavior in the specific context of B2B marketing channels in Vietnam.

Design/methodology/approach

Structural equation modeling is used to analyze a three-way time-lagged sample data of 530 questionnaires collected from purchase managers in Vietnam.

Findings

Results indicate that rational influence tactics, including information exchange and recommendations, have a positive influence on knowledge acquisition. In addition, long-term relationship positively mediates the relationship between information exchange tactic and knowledge acquisition and that between recommendations tactic and knowledge acquisition. Furthermore, helping behavior positively moderates the relationship between long-term relationship and knowledge acquisition.

Originality/value

This study contributes to the current literature of B2B marketing channels by proposing and testing a unique model that explains the relationship between rational influence tactics and knowledge acquisition, with the mediating role of long-term relationship and the moderating role of helping behavior. Findings of this study provide implications for academic researchers and business managers in using rational influence tactics to build long-term relationship and acquire knowledge from business partners in B2B marketing channels.
Language negativity and analysts’ earnings forecast
Authors: Liu Zihua , Tsang Albert , Yu Li , Zhao Dong
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The paper examines the effect of language negativity of US financial analysts’ ancestral origins on their earnings forecast behavior.

Design/methodology/approach

The paper first developed a dictionary of the most emotionally negative words in 25 languages, based on the study by Dodds et al. (2015). The authors constructed firm-year analyst-level earnings forecast data and applied multivariate regression model along with a series of robustness tests to examine the research question.

Findings

The empirical results indicate that financial analysts with their ancestral countries characterized by a high level of language negativity tend to issue less optimistic earnings forecasts than other analysts. Additional evidence suggests that the effect of language negativity on analysts’ forecast is strengthened (1) during periods of financial crisis, (2) for firms with losses and a high level of earnings volatility and (3) for younger analysts and analysts working for small brokerage firms. Finally, we find evidence that higher levels of language negativity increase analysts’ forecast accuracy.

Originality/value

Collectively, the findings of this study support the conjecture that the level of negativity across languages can have a significant impact on capital market participants’ behavior. Thus, the study sheds light on how culturally inherited emotion can affect analysts’ earnings forecast properties.
Is masculinity ruining the male skincare market? Comprehensive insights on consumer behavior in cosmetics
Authors: Duarte Paulo , Silva Susana , Carvalho Maria Joana
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper aims to investigate the factors influencing men’s purchase intentions for skincare products, particularly focusing on the evolving attitudes toward masculinity, grooming and self-care. The study seeks to identify dimensions such as self-image, health concerns, masculinity and perceptions regarding skincare, along with the impact of social media use on men’s skincare purchase intentions.

Design/methodology/approach

The research uses an online questionnaire to gather data from 178 valid responses. The collected data is analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling.

Findings

The results reveal that men’s skin health concerns significantly impact their purchase intention for skincare products. Self-image concerns and perceptions regarding skincare also emerge as influential determinants in shaping men’s purchasing decisions. Conversely, health concerns and social media platform use do not directly influence skincare purchase intention. Notably, self-image completely mediates the relationship between men’s social media usage and their intention to purchase skincare products.

Research limitations/implications

The data is based on responses from an online questionnaire, which may introduce biases. In addition, the research focuses on specific personal variables and social media use, potentially overlooking other influential factors.

Practical implications

By recognizing the importance of men’s skin health concerns, self-image and perceptions regarding skincare, cosmetic companies can tailor marketing strategies to effectively target key dimensions to enhance sales of skincare products among men.

Social implications

In a broader societal context, this research contributes to the ongoing evolution of attitudes. By identifying influential factors in men’s skincare purchase intention, the study sheds light on changing societal norms and perceptions. Acknowledging these shifts can lead to a more inclusive understanding of masculinity and contribute to breaking traditional stereotypes related to men’s grooming practices.

Originality/value

This research contributes to the understanding of men’s skincare purchase intention by exploring dimensions such as self-image, health concerns, masculinity and perceptions regarding skincare, in conjunction with the impact of social media use. The findings provide valuable insights, expanding on previous studies on men’s attitudes toward skincare products. The identification of self-image as a complete mediator is a novel contribution.
The environmental damage: a disaggregated effect of financial structure, freedom dynamics and institutional sub-systems on CO2 emissions
Authors: Bhat Mohd Nadeem
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This study examines the impact of various macroeconomic, financial and institutional factors, including foreign direct investment (FDI), financial development (FD), freedom dimensions and institutional sub-systems on CO2 emissions across 30 countries over 23 years (2002–2023). The research aims to uncover both the short-term and long-term effects of these variables on environmental sustainability.

Design/methodology/approach

A Pooled Mean Group – Autoregressive Distributed Lag (PMG-ARDL) model is employed to analyze panel data from 30 countries over the period 2002–2023. The model was selected using the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to account for both long-term and short-term dynamics in the relationship between the studied variables and CO2 emissions.

Findings

The results reveal that in the long term, most variables, including FDI, financial development and economic freedom, have significant impacts on CO2 emissions, with varying directions. In contrast, short-term effects are largely insignificant, indicating that the environmental impacts of economic and institutional factors are more pronounced over extended periods.

Research limitations/implications

The findings suggest that policymakers need to consider the long-term environmental consequences of economic and financial policies. For instance, while financial development and economic freedom may drive growth, they also contribute to higher CO2 emissions, necessitating a comprehensive and inclusive approach to sustainable development.

Originality/value

This study provides a comprehensive analysis of the interplay between financial, institutional and freedom dynamics and their impact on CO2 emissions, offering valuable insights for policymakers focused on achieving sustainable economic development. Using the PMG-ARDL model adds robustness to the findings by capturing both short-term and long-term effects.
A hybrid risk-based maintenance approach for evaluating the maintenance risks of urban tunnel lighting systems
Authors: Vaghefi-Rezaee Hoda Alsadat , Khademi-Adel Setareh , Sarvari Hadi , Edwards David J. , Rashidi Amirreza
Published: January 2025

Purpose

Given the expansion of cities and urbanization, developing efficient and reliable transportation infrastructure, especially urban tunnels, is essential. Failure to maintain such complex construction facilities with intelligent equipment systems could result in human losses and impose huge costs on governments. Therefore, it is necessary to have practical maintenance plans and operational safety monitoring for urban tunnels, which leads to their long lifespan, increases users’ safety and reduces operation risks.

Design/methodology/approach

Hence, this research aims to evaluate the maintenance risks of urban tunnel lighting systems (UTLS) using a hybrid risk-based maintenance (RBM) approach. In this vein, three rounds of a fuzzy Delphi survey were conducted to consolidate the specific operation criteria and maintenance risk factors to the circumstances of Iran and UTLS. Furthermore, the fuzzy DEMATEL method was applied to determine the cause-and-effect relationships among the identified critical operation criteria. The identified risks associated with maintenance in UTLS were then analyzed and ranked using a combination of fuzzy ANP-VIKOR techniques.

Findings

The ranking of the various risks revealed that the “poor performance of switchboards in power supply due to faults in switchboard equipment” risk was ranked first, followed by the “poor performance of panels in the power supply due to unfavorable environmental conditions,” “The poor performance of panels in the power supply due to problems with switches (key failure)” and “The poor performance of panels in power supply due to burning fuses due to unauthorized current” risks. The findings of this study indicate that this hybrid maintenance method, developed as a risk-based network, provides reliability for maintaining urban tunnel lighting systems (UTLS).

Originality/value

It is anticipated that the findings of this research will considerably contribute to improving UTLS maintenance management while enhancing different stakeholders’ understanding of the most critical risks in maintenance, particularly toward the UTLS in Iran. An RBM management program can result in preparing and formulating policies, comprehensive guidelines or regulations for the maintenance of urban tunnels that are recommended for future research.
NASUP Emerging PDS Leader Award
Authors: Kennedy Christopher , Roseburgh Elleana
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This article highlights the most recent winner of NASUP’s Emerging PDS Leader Award. This award is annually awarded to teacher candidates who have shown leadership skills during their PDS partnership experiences.

Design/methodology/approach

The article is written in an informative, narrative style.

Findings

Due to the nature of this piece, there are no research findings. However, the article features the work of the NASUP’s Emerging Leader Award winner for 2024, Elleana Roseburgh from Baylor University. Elleana discusses the value of her PDS clinical experience on her development of her relationship-building and collaboration skills. Skills that have contributed to her leadership.

Originality/value

This article draws additional attention to this exemplary partnership work and may inspire future nominations for potential emerging leaders.
Psychic distance and inter-organizational relationships: theoretical foundations, methodological approaches, and future research directions
Authors: Egwuonwu Arthur , Oruh Emeka Smart , Egwuonwu Ambrose , Onyima Jude
Published: January 2025

Purpose

This paper presents a comprehensive and integrated review of the literature on the role of psychic distance in shaping inter-organizational relationships, by uncovering the theoretical, methodological, and thematic foundations of this research domain.

Design/methodology/approach

Leveraging a systematic literature review in combination of text mining techniques using Leximancer, the study identified 62 relevant articles published between 1980 and 2024. The analysis revealed four key areas of focus: (1) interfirm business relationships, (2) relational governance and performance, (3) relationship quality, and (4) relationship violation.

Findings

The findings indicate that this body of research is grounded in well-established theoretical frameworks, with social exchange theory, transaction cost analysis, relational exchange theory, and the resource-based view being the most frequently employed. The literature predominantly emphasizes the role of psychic distance in the formation and maintenance of interfirm business relationships, while the other three areas remain comparatively underexplored.

Originality/value

By offering a more robust framework and a holistic understanding of psychic distance in inter-organizational relationships context, this study paves the way for further theory-driven studies, which is a theoretical contribution towards advancing this research area
Analysis of the seismic behavior and comparison of the behavior factor of steel structures braced with centered and eccentric bars
Authors: Hellal Ourida , Belhocine Malika , Merakeb Seddik , Mechiche Mohand Oussalem
Published: January 2025

Purpose

The study of structures subjected to seismic action is important in countries with high seismicity. However, observation of the damage caused to these structures shows that they absorb much greater forces. The explanation lies largely in the energy dissipation mechanism. In particular, the structure’s overall behavior coefficient is “q”. The purpose of this study is to provide a method for evaluating the behavior factor and the comparison between two types of bracing of metal structures.

Design/methodology/approach

The aim is to provide a method for evaluating the overall behavior coefficient of structures braced with a centered bar system and an eccentric bar system and to carry out a comparative study between them. The work was carried out on three structures. The authors then estimated an average value for the “q” coefficient and a plastic hinge formation sequence was presented for each type.

Findings

As a result, the breaking of all structures is achieved by plasticization of the bars for centered bar bracing and by the formation of plastic hinges in the seismic eccentricity sections and then in the beams for eccentric bracing. The mean values of the behavior factors for centered and eccentric bar bracing are of the order of 3.5 and 2.5, respectively. The study showed that we are within the range recommended by Eurocode-8 in accordance with an average level of ductility.

Originality/value

The comparison between the types of bracing studied and the portal frame type shows that eccentric bar bracing is intermediate to the other two. This confirms the reliability of the study and is more dissipative than centered bar bracing.
Let ‘Pregnant Women Choose the Destiny for Themselves and Their Child’. How Fertility Clinic Digital Platforms Frame Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) in Spain
Authors: Turrini Mauro , Otín‐Gavín Jorge
Published: January 2025

Preimplantation Genetic Testing (PGT) is used to select in vitro embryos for distinct clinical contexts and purposes. PGT for monogenic conditions (PGT‐M), also known as Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis (PGD), enables the prevention of passing on a known genetic disorder to one's offspring. Conversely, PGT for aneuploidies (PGT‐A), or Preimplantation Genetic Screening (PGS), is used to improve IVF success rates in fertility patients and increase confidence about the health outcomes of potential offspring. Using discourse analysis, we examine how Spanish fertility clinic digital platforms frame these techniques and their associated subjectivity processes. We find: first, an excessively unproblematic portrayal of experimental innovations such as PGT; second, a linguistic, semantic and clinical overlap between ‘diagnosis’ and ‘screening’, which increases the genetic responsibility of couples or women without known genetic conditions regarding their prospective children; and third, the use of genomics as a modulator of female fertility and as a means to control maternal age‐related decline. Ultimately, this discourse positions PGT as a routine IVF component, serving as an assurance tool for both treatment success and the health of the potential baby. This narrative reflects the speculative turn in assisted reproduction, emphasising new forms of responsibility and choice of would‐be mothers.
The Impact of Dating Twin Pregnancy by the Larger, Smaller or Mean Twin Crown‐Rump Length: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Authors: Blayney Gillian V. , Giorgione Veronica , Bhide Amar , Thilaganathan Basky
Published: January 2025

Objective

To evaluate the impact of twin dating by ultrasound‐measured crown‐rump length (CRL) of the larger (CRL‐L), smaller (CRL‐S) or mean twin measurement (CRL‐M) on the rates of preterm birth (PTB) and detection of small for gestational age (SGA) births.

Design

A retrospective cohort study.

Setting

A tertiary fetal medicine centre (London, UK).

Population or Sample

All twin pregnancies between 1998 and 2023 who underwent first trimester CRL ultrasound assessment and fetal growth assessment.

Methods

Data collection included CRL measurement, estimated fetal weight (EFW), pregnancy outcome and birthweight (BW) for each twin. Pregnancies were retrospectively re‐dated by CRL‐S, CRL‐L and CRL‐M.

Main Outcome Measures

SGA < 10th centile and extreme PTB rates (< 28 weeks).

Results

In the 1129 twin pregnancies, median CRL‐S was 61 mm (interquartile range [IQR]: 56.0–66.0) and CRL‐L was 63 mm (IQR: 58.4–68.9) with a mean discordance of 4.0%. Prenatal SGA diagnosis occurred in 19.8% and 23.1% of smaller twins when dated by CRL‐S and CRL‐L, respectively. When pregnancies were dated by CRL‐M versus CRL‐S or CRL‐L, there was no difference in prenatal SGA diagnosis (p = 0.275 and p = 0.419); SGA at birth (p = 0.132 and p = 0.325); or extreme PTB (p = > 0.999 and p = 0.765 respectively).

Conclusions

Dating by the smaller, larger or mean twin CRL does not significantly alter rates of extreme preterm birth, SGA detection or SGA birth. Dating by the mean twin CRL reduces stigmatisation of the smaller twin and retains the utility of accurate gestational age assessment without impacting clinical outcomes.
Artificial intelligence and food flavor: How AI models are shaping the future and revolutionary technologies for flavor food development
Authors: Cui Zhiyong , Qi Chengliang , Zhou Tianxing , Yu Yanyang , Wang Yueming , Zhang Zhiwei , Zhang Yin , Wang Wenli , Liu Yuan
Published: January 2025

The food flavor science, traditionally reliant on experimental methods, is now entering a promising era with the help of artificial intelligence (AI). By integrating existing technologies with AI, researchers can explore and develop new flavor substances in a digital environment, saving time and resources. More and more research will use AI and big data to enhance product flavor, improve product quality, meet consumer needs, and drive the industry toward a smarter and more sustainable future. In this review, we elaborate on the mechanisms of flavor recognition and their potential impact on nutritional regulation. With the increase of data accumulation and the development of internet information technology, food flavor databases and food ingredient databases have made great progress. These databases provide detailed information on the nutritional content, flavor molecules, and chemical properties of various food compounds, providing valuable data support for the rapid evaluation of flavor components and the construction of screening technology. With the popularization of AI in various fields, the field of food flavor has also ushered in new development opportunities. This review explores the mechanisms of flavor recognition and the role of AI in enhancing food flavor analysis through high‐throughput omics data and screening technologies. AI algorithms offer a pathway to scientifically improve product formulations, thereby enhancing flavor and customized meals. Furthermore, it discusses the safety challenges of integrating AI into the food flavor industry.
The Prominent Subarachnoid Space in Children: How has a Normal Variant Become Medicolegally Life‐Threatening Pathology?
Authors: Ditchfield Michael , Sadrarhami Shohreh , Tully Joanna , Smith Anne
Published: January 2025

A prominent subarachnoid space (SAS) in infants under 24 months is a very common finding and is a normal variant that can be associated with macrocephaly. This must be differentiated from various pathological conditions that also cause a prominent SAS, including a reduction in brain volume, obstruction to the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) or malformations of the skull. The inappropriate labelling of normal SAS prominence as enlargement due to pathology and misrepresentation of published literature by some author groups has created confusion medicolegally, contributing to inappropriate conclusions that a normal prominent SAS may cause subdural haemorrhage (SDH) and brain injury. This paper aims to review the characteristics of the SAS in infants, the terminology relating to the prominence of the SAS and the possible association between the prominence of the SAS and SDH.
Intermittent Fasting Enhances Motor Coordination Through Myelin Preservation in Aged Mice
Authors: Liu Zhuang , Zhao Ziyue , Du Hongying , Zhou Qingqing , Li Mei , Gui Zhu , Wu Jinfeng , Gao Yunling , Zheng Ning , Zhang Yu , Du Ailian , Wang Hongxing , Wang Jie
Published: January 2025

Integrating dietary interventions have been extensively studied for their health benefits, such as Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and aging. However, it is necessary to fully understand the mechanisms of long‐term effects and practical applications of these dietary interventions for health. A 10‐week intermittent fasting (IMF) regimen was implemented on the aging animals in the current study. The variations of cerebral functions were analyzed employing a comprehensive experimental design that includes behavioral tests, neuroimaging, and ultrastructural analysis, such as resting‐state functional MRI (rsfMRI), EEG/EMG recordings, transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemistry. Over a 10‐week regimen, IMF significantly improved locomotor activity, motor coordination, and muscle strength compared to controls (p < 0.01). Resting‐state fMRI (rsfMRI) demonstrated that IMF modulates brain‐wide functional connectivity, enhancing communication between key brain regions. Advanced imaging techniques revealed increased expression of myelin‐related proteins, including myelin basic protein (MBP), and myelin‐associated glycoprotein (MAG), indicating enhanced myelin integrity and repair, particularly in axons with diameters < 400 nm (p < 0.01). These findings suggest that IMF may mitigate age‐related declines by promoting better neuronal signaling. This study highlights the potential function of IMF as a non‐pharmacological intervention to promote brain health and mitigate cognitive decline in aging populations.
Harmonization of alcohol use data and mortality across a multi‐national HIV cohort collaboration
Authors: Ingle Suzanne M. , Trickey Adam , Lankina Anastasia , McGinnis Kathleen A. , Justice Amy , Cavassini Matthias , d’ Arminio Monforte Antonella , van Sighem Ard , Gill M. John , Crane Heidi M. , Obel Niels , Jarrin Inma , Wallner Elmar , Guest Jodie , Silverberg Michael J. , Vourli Georgia , Wittkop Linda , Sterling Timothy R. , Satre Derek D. , Burkholder Greer A. , Costagliola Dominique , Sterne Jonathan A. C.
Published: January 2025

Background

Alcohol use is measured in diverse ways across settings. Harmonization of measures is necessary to assess effects of alcohol use in multi‐cohort collaborations, such as studies of people with HIV (PWH).

Methods

Data were combined from 14 HIV cohort studies (nine European, five North American) participating in the Antiretroviral Therapy Cohort Collaboration. We analyzed data on adult PWH with measured alcohol use at any time from 6 months before starting antiretroviral therapy. Five cohorts measured alcohol use with AUDIT‐C and others used cohort‐specific measures. We harmonized alcohol use as grams/day, calculated using country‐level definitions of a standard drink. For Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT‐C), we used Items 1 (frequency) and 2 (number of drinks on a typical day). Where alcohol was measured in categories, we used the mid‐point to calculate grams/day. We used multivariable Cox models to estimate associations of alcohol use with mortality.

Results

Alcohol use data were available for 83,424 PWH, 22,447 (27%) had AUDIT‐C measures and 60,977 (73%) recorded the number of drinks/units per week/day. Of the sample, 19,150 (23%) were female, 54,006 (65%) had White ethnicity, and median age was 42 years. Median alcohol use was 0.3 g/day (interquartile range [IQR] 0–4.8) and 0 g/day (IQR 0–20) for those with and without AUDIT‐C. There was a J‐shaped relationship between grams/day and mortality, with higher mortality for PWH reporting no alcohol use (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] 1.46; 95% CI: 1.23–1.72) and heavier (>61.0 g/day) alcohol use (aHR 1.92; 1.41–2.59) compared with 0.1–5.5 g/day among those with AUDIT‐C measures. Associations were similar among those with non‐AUDIT‐C measures.

Conclusions

Grams/day is a useful metric to harmonize diverse measures of alcohol use. Magnitudes of associations of alcohol use with mortality may differ by setting and measurement method. Higher mortality among those with heavier alcohol use strengthens the case for interventions to reduce drinking.
Pregnenolone effects on parasympathetic response to stress and alcohol cue provocation in treatment‐seeking individuals with alcohol use disorder
Authors: Gao Huaze , Sinha Rajita , Wemm Stephanie , Milivojevic Verica
Published: January 2025

Background

Chronic alcohol consumption in alcohol use disorder (AUD) is associated with autonomic nervous system dysregulation, increasing cardiovascular risk, and high alcohol cravings. Heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of autonomic nervous system responsiveness to stressors, may mediate alcohol's impact on the cardiovascular system. While pregnenolone (PREG) has been shown to normalize heart rate and blood pressure in individuals with AUD, its effects on sympathetic and parasympathetic components of HRV and related alcohol craving are not known.

Methods

Fifty‐five treatment‐seeking individuals with AUD were randomized to placebo (n = 21) or daily pregnenolone at 300 mg (n = 18) or 500 mg (n = 16), in a double‐blind, 8‐week pilot clinical trial. In week 2, participants underwent three randomized, counterbalanced 5‐minute personalized guided imagery provocations (stress, alcohol, and neutral/relaxing cues) on separate days. HRV indices were assessed during each session and analyzed using linear mixed‐effects models (LMEs), including association between HRV indices and anxiety and alcohol craving.

Results

A medication group × condition interaction was found for parasympathetic, high‐frequency (HF) (p = 0.028) and sympathetic/parasympathetic, low‐frequency/high‐frequency (LF/HF) ratio (p = 0.017) indices of HRV. Placebo had higher HF during alcohol cue (p = 0.011), while 500 mg PREG demonstrated lower HF in response to stress (p = 0.050) and alcohol cues (p = 0.047). Placebo showed lower LF/HF ratio during stress (p = 0.006) and alcohol cue (p = 0.001), while the PREG groups showed no changes. Overall, the LF/HF response to alcohol cue was significantly lower in placebo compared to the 300 mg PREG (p = 0.012) and 500 mg PREG (p = 0.037) groups. Lastly, HF was found to predict alcohol craving regardless of PREG doses.

Conclusions

We found a normalization of autonomic response in PREG groups. These findings suggest that PREG holds therapeutic potential for enhancing autonomic function in AUD.
Worse than a braggart: Interpersonal costs of humblebragging in China
Authors: Li Cai , Ybarra Oscar , Lee David S. , Adams Savannah , Bi Chongzeng
Published: January 2025

Humblebragging is a common, indirect self‐presentation strategy. However, its prevalence and effectiveness have never been tested in a non‐western culture. Here, we explored the use and social costs of humblebragging in China across five studies. Studies 1a and 1b demonstrated the form and content of humblebragging on social media in Chinese daily life. Study 2 showed that compared to direct braggarts, observers felt higher contempt and less admiration towards humblebraggarts, and they were more willing to justify socially excluding them than direct braggarts. Study 3a and preregistered Study 3b found that humblebraggarts overestimated the extent to which recipients of their bragging admired them and underestimated the extent to which others felt contempt towards them, as well as others' willingness to exclude them. These findings extend our understanding of humblebragging's ineffectiveness and suggest that there is an interpersonal miscalibration when people use humblebragging.
Peri‐operative identification and management of patients with unhealthy alcohol intake
Authors: Jenkins Matthew J. A. , Kinsella Stephen M. , Wiles Matthew D. , Srivastava Brijesh , Griffiths Catherine , Lewin Jacquelyn , Usher Stephen , Mehta Gautam , Berger Abi , Gondongwe Dereck , Hassan Isra
Published: January 2025

Introduction

This consensus statement gives practical advice for the safe management of patients with harmful alcohol intake undergoing elective and emergency surgery. The wide spectrum of alcohol‐related organ dysfunction observed in this cohort of patients may have a profound impact on care, and the additional effects of alcohol withdrawal may further exacerbate postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Methods

A working party was assembled based on clinical and/or academic expertise in the area. Recommendations were formulated using a modified Delphi process. An initial list of recommendations was produced following targeted literature reviews for all relevant phases of patient care throughout the peri‐operative pathway. These recommendations were distributed among the authors who rated each as ‘include’, ‘exclude’; or ‘revise’. Recommendations with ≥ 75% inclusion decision were included.

Results

The working party produced a list of 10 key peri‐operative management recommendations. These include recommendations on how to screen effectively for excessive alcohol usage in the surgical population. To achieve this, a validated point‐of‐care tool is used with additional weighting provided by considering surgical urgency. This is combined with the use of scoring systems to facilitate decisions regarding peri‐operative care including postoperative location. This document also provides clear explanation of the physiological and pharmacological issues relating to alcohol excess, highlighting the direct effects of alcohol and its secondary effects on organ systems.

Discussion

This consensus statement offers strategies and solutions to minimise the impact of harmful alcohol intake on the safe conduct of anaesthesia.
Association of Anaesthetists guidelines: the use of blood components and their alternatives
Authors: Shah Akshay , Klein Andrew A. , Agarwal Seema , Lindley Andrew , Ahmed Aamer , Dowling Kerry , Jackson Emma , Das Sumit , Raviraj Divya , Collis Rachel , Sharrock Anna , Stanworth Simon J. , Moor Paul
Published: January 2025

Background

The administration of blood components and their alternatives can be lifesaving. Anaemia, bleeding and transfusion are all associated with poor peri‐operative outcomes. Considerable changes in the approaches to optimal use of blood components and their alternatives, driven by the findings of large randomised controlled trials and improved haemovigilance, have become apparent over the past decade. The aim of these updated guidelines is to provide an evidence‐based set of recommendations so that anaesthetists and peri‐operative physicians might provide high‐quality care.

Methods

An expert multidisciplinary, multi‐society working party conducted targeted literature reviews, followed by a three‐round Delphi process to produce these guidelines.

Results

We agreed on 12 key recommendations. Overall, these highlight the importance of organisational factors for safe transfusion and timely provision of blood components; the need for protocols that are targeted to different clinical contexts of major bleeding; and strategies to avoid the need for transfusion, minimise bleeding and manage anticoagulant therapy.

Conclusions

All anaesthetists involved in the care of patients at risk of major bleeding and peri‐operative transfusion should be aware of the treatment options and approaches that are available to them. These contemporary guidelines aim to provide recommendations across a range of clinical situations.
Heritage Protection as Progressive Urbanism? Modernist Social Housing in England
Authors: While Aidan , Pendlebury John
Published: January 2025

Heritage protection can sometimes disrupt the remaking and reimaging of cities by prioritising and protecting alternatives based on non‐market values of architectural and historical significance. In England, the “post‐war listing” programme has positioned state heritage protection as an unlikely advocate and defender (sometimes of last resort) of the diminishing material and symbolic legacy of the architecture of the welfare state and its socialist values from the 1950s and 1960s. In this paper, we explore what might be at stake ideologically, materially, and symbolically in the protection of post‐war architectural heritage in England. While post‐war listing has creating scope for alternatives, its subaltern role (in and against the state) has been limited in various ways by state strategies of market‐based regeneration that erode and marginalise social housing and welfarist rights to the city. Although heritage protection has been only a minor irritant in the politics of regeneration, the paper explores what might be at stake for the Left in engaging more explicitly with heritage building protection and the selectivity of heritage value.
Longitudinal relations among online social activities, peer relationship problems, and well‐being in children: The moderating effect of extraversion
Authors: Wang Yuanyuan , Huebner E. Scott , Liu Wang , Tian Lili
Published: January 2025

Prior research has predominantly examined the relations between online social activities (OSA) and mental health among adolescents and adults, with comparatively less emphasis placed on children, particularly concerning positive indicators of subjective health, such as well‐being. The relations between OSA and well‐being are likely intricate and necessitate meticulously designed methodologies to investigate the associations and their underlying mechanisms. This longitudinal study employed the random intercept cross‐lagged panel models to explore the dynamic relations between OSA and well‐being, considering peer relationship problems as a potential mediator and extraversion as a moderator of the associations, while distinguishing between‐ and within‐person effects. A total of 2,300 Chinese children (56.1% boys, Mage = 9.49, SD = 0.56) completed four measurements over a two‐year period. The results indicated that: (a) OSA negatively predicted well‐being, but not vice versa; (b) peer relationship problems mediated the relations from OSA to well‐being; and (c) extraversion served as a moderator of the associations, with notable differences between extraverted and introverted children. These findings provide valuable insights for developing targeted guidance for children's Internet use to enhance their general well‐being.
Two‐Site Thoracoscopic Surgery for Extra‐Pulmonary Sequestration Using an Extraction Wound: Five Pediatric Cases With Favorable Cosmetic Outcomes
Authors: Yano Keisuke , Nishida Nanako , Kedoin Chihiro , Tabata Yumiko , Iwamoto Yumiko , Ogata Masato , Takada Lynne , Nagano Ayaka , Tsuruno Yudai , Murakami Masakazu , Sugita Koshiro , Onishi Shun , Harumatsu Toshio , Kawano Takafumi , Muto Mitsuru , Kaji Tatsuru , Ieiri Satoshi
Published: January 2025

Many institutions perform thoracoscopic surgery for pediatric extrapulmonary sequestration (EPS). This approach achieves good cosmetic outcomes due to the small skin incision in comparison to open surgery. However, an extension or additional incision is sometimes necessary to extract resected specimens from the thoracic cavity, which reduces the advantages of this procedure. We herein report 5 cases of two‐site thoracoscopic surgery (TTS) using an extraction wound with left‐sided EPS. In this procedure, a camera port was inserted inside the skin incision at the sixth intercostal space of the middle axillary line using optical methods, and the operator's left‐hand port was inserted inside the same skin incision. The EPS was resected and extracted through a skin incision without extension or additional incision. A surgeon‐in‐training performed the procedure in 4 of the 5 cases. The postoperative course was uneventful in all cases. The patients showed quick recovery and good cosmetic outcomes. TTS is a cosmetically favorable approach for EPS.
Patient‐Related Factors Associated With the Initiation of Potentially Inappropriate Medication in Home Care: An Observational Study Based on Resident Assessment Instrument Data
Authors: Paulamäki Jasmin , Jyrkkä Johanna , Hyttinen‐Huotari Virva , Huhtala Heini , Jämsen Esa
Published: January 2025

Background

The harmful outcomes of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) are highlighted among multimorbid older home care clients using several medicines. The aim of this study was to identify patient‐related factors associated with the initiation of PIMs.

Methods

This register‐based study used Resident Assessment Instrument‐Home Care (RAI‐HC) assessments (n = 6176) from year 2014 to 2015. PIMs were identified according to the Beers criteria. Generalised estimating equations were used to identify factors associated with the initiation of PIMs.

Findings

A total of 228 (11.3%) clients initiated PIMs during the follow‐up (mean 13 months). Factors associated with higher odds to initiate PIMs were higher education (OR = 1.36, 95% CI 1.02–1.82), cognitive impairment (OR = 1.70, 1.02–2.82), reduced social interaction (OR = 1.50, 1.06–2.13), independent activity outdoors (OR = 1.72, 1.18–2.51), diabetes (OR = 1.47, 1.12–1.94), Parkinson's disease (OR = 3.42, 1.86–6.27) and longer interval between RAI assessments (OR = 1.09 per month, 1.02–1.18).

Conclusions

Incidence of PIMs among home care clients was common. The results help healthcare professionals to focus more attention on clients more susceptible to PIM prescribing. Preventing PIM use is essential, especially among older adults with cognitive impairment, to prevent further decline of health status and admission to long‐term care.
A phase II study of zandelisib in patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non‐Hodgkin lymphoma: ME‐401‐K02 study
Authors: Munakata Wataru , Kumode Takahiro , Goto Hideki , Fukuhara Noriko , Shimoyama Tatsu , Takeuchi Masahiro , Kawakita Toshiro , Kubo Kohmei , Sawa Masashi , Uchida Toshiki , Mishima Yuko , Ichii Michiko , Hanaya Miyoko , Matsumoto Asuka , Kuriki Masaaki , Seike Toshihiro , Izutsu Koji , Ishizawa Kenichi
Published: January 2025

Zandelisib, a selective, potent PI3Kδ inhibitor, demonstrated favourable outcomes in patients with relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma in a global phase II study. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and safety of zandelisib for relapsed or refractory follicular lymphoma or marginal zone lymphoma. Sixty‐one patients received zandelisib orally at 60 mg daily continuously in the first two 28‐day cycles, followed by intermittent dosing on Days 1–7 following each cycle until progressive disease or unacceptable toxicity. Objective and complete response rates were 75.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 62.7%–85.5%) and 24.6% (95% CI, 14.5%–37.3%) respectively. Median time to response was 58 days; 70.5% (43/61) of patients achieved their first response by Week 8. At least one Grade ≥ 3 treatment‐emergent adverse event (TEAE) occurred in 55.7% of patients: transaminase elevation (8.2%); cutaneous reactions (3.3%); and diarrhoea, enterocolitis and lung infection (1.6% each), defined as adverse events of special interest. The discontinuation rate due to any TEAE was 14.8%. No zandelisib‐related death occurred. Zandelisib showed favourable efficacy and tolerability in Japanese patients with relapsed or refractory indolent non‐Hodgkin B‐cell lymphoma. This unique dosing schedule may maintain efficacy while mitigating the safety issues observed with other PI3Kδ inhibitors (ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04533581).
Conservation benefits of a large marine protected area network that spans multiple ecosystems
Authors: Smith Joshua G. , Lopazanski Cori , Free Christopher M. , Brun Julien , Anderson Clarissa , Carr Mark H. , Claudet Joachim , Dugan Jenifer E. , Eurich Jacob G. , Francis Tessa B. , Gill David A. , Hamilton Scott L. , Kaschner Kristin , Mouillot David , Raimondi Peter T. , Starr Richard M. , Ziegler Shelby L. , Malone Daniel , Marraffini Michelle L. , Parsons‐Field Avrey , Spiecker Barbara , Yeager Mallarie , Nickols Kerry J. , Caselle Jennifer E.
Published: January 2025

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely implemented tools for long‐term ocean conservation and resource management. Assessments of MPA performance have largely focused on specific ecosystems individually and have rarely evaluated performance across multiple ecosystems either in an individual MPA or across an MPA network. We evaluated the conservation performance of 59 MPAs in California's large MPA network, which encompasses 4 primary ecosystems (surf zone, kelp forest, shallow reef, deep reef) and 4 bioregions, and identified MPA attributes that best explain performance. Using a meta‐analytic framework, we evaluated the ability of MPAs to conserve fish biomass, richness, and diversity. At the scale of the network and for 3 of 4 regions, the biomass of species targeted by fishing was positively associated with the level of regulatory protection and was greater inside no‐take MPAs, whereas species not targeted by fishing had similar biomass in MPAs and areas open to fishing. In contrast, species richness and diversity were not as strongly enhanced by MPA protection. The key features of conservation effectiveness included MPA age, preimplementation fisheries pressure, and habitat diversity. Important drivers of MPA effectiveness for single MPAs were consistent across MPAs in the network, spanning regions and ecosystems. With international targets aimed at protecting 30% of the world's oceans by 2030, MPA design and assessment frameworks should consider conservation performance at multiple ecologically relevant scales, from individual MPAs to MPA networks.
Is mesh related morbidity the real thread in ventral rectopexy? Results of a retrospective international multicentre comparative analysis of biologic versus synthetic mesh
Authors: Christen Sebastian , Barron Emma , Gidl Daniel , Khoo Emily , Potter Mark , Stuebi Nadja , Geissbuehler Verena , Riss Stefan , von Strauss Marco , Collie Mhairi , Steinemann Daniel C.
Published: January 2025

Aim

Ventral mesh rectopexy (VMR) is an established surgical treatment for rectal prolapse and outlet obstruction. In contrast to continental Europe, in the UK and US the use of synthetic mesh has been abandoned in favour of biologic mesh, due to concerns regarding mesh related morbidity. The current study investigated if either material is superior, in terms of clinical recurrence and mesh related complications.

Methods

VMRs performed between March 2012 and July 2022 in three international pelvic floor centres were prospectively collected and retrospectively analysed, to look at the rate of complications and need for further therapy, including reoperation.

Results

A total of 360 patients were included in the study (140 biologic mesh (bm) / 220 synthetic mesh (sm)). Postoperative complication occurred in 5.7% in bmVMR (5% minor [Clavien‐Dindo I and II] and 0.7% major [Clavien‐Dindo > = III]) and in 10.9% in smVMR (9.1% minor and 1.8% major) (p = 0.28). Oral laxatives were necessary in 31% after bmVMR and in 35% after smVMR (p = 0.49). Rectal laxatives were used in 11% after bmVMR and in 7% after smVMR (p = 0.34). Clinical recurrence appeared in 9% bmVMR and in 5% smVMR (p = 0.20). Mean time to clinical recurrence in bmVMR was 20.9 (5 to 58) months and in smVMR 20.2 (0–55) months (p = 0.75). Mean overall follow‐up time was 18.4 (0–96) months.

Reoperation rate due to clinical recurrence was 6.11% in the bmVMR group versus 2.75% in the smVMR group (p = 0.16). No mesh associated complications such as symptomatic erosion or fistulation occurred in either group.

Conclusion

VMR using biologic mesh was equally safe to that using synthetic mesh, with no difference in clinical recurrence rate. No mesh‐associated morbidity was observed in either group.
Natural disasters and economic dynamism: Evidence from U.S. entrepreneurial activity
Authors: Bayar Omer , Boudreaux Christopher , Yarbrough Todd Richard
Published: January 2025

We examine how disaster events influence small business activity in a sample of 48 U.S. states for the period from 1998 to 2018. Our results show that disaster impacts vary by entrepreneurship type; the rate of new entrepreneurs and start‐up job creation rise in the aftermath of natural disasters, whereas the opportunity share of new entrepreneurs and start‐up survival fall. These findings present a more nuanced understanding of the relationship between natural disasters and entrepreneurial activity than reported in the relevant literature. We interpret our findings in the context of economic dynamism and discuss policy implications.