bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demographic and fertility transition in Nigeria; the progress made so far: a literature review
Authors: Addah Abednigo , Ikobho Ebenezer
Published: December 2022

Background: Nigeria, since its inception as a sovereign nation, has been plagued by population explosion. This may be due to factors that need to be addressed by the government and individuals alike such as fertility desires.
Main body: In the course of this review, we drew our resource information from the Nigerian Demographic and Health survey of 2018, PubMed, and African Journals Online (AJOL, Scholarly publications on sub-Saharan Africa and Nigeria in particular that dwell on the area under review.
The total fertility rate (TFR) meaning the number of children a woman would bear in her lifetime is high, at a rate of 5.3 Children per woman. Population explosion is also a consequence of the low contraceptive use in Nigeria which stands at a rate of 17 % amongst married couples. Other factors that could be responsible for this population explosion include a lack of good population policies and few or non-existent national family planning programs.  These negative effects on the Nigerian population made it grow at an annual rate of 2 %.  Fifty percent (50%) of the Nigerian age distribution is under 19 years. This means that the Nigerian demography may not transit (change) readily.
Conclusion: A community or country is said to undergo demographic transition when the death rate and fertility rate balance each other, and the age distribution is made of working-class people against the young and the aged who are dependent on others for a living. The economy of such a country is industrialized, with good health systems and a long life span for its citizens. Fertility transition on the other hand means a situation where a community or national fertility rate shows a substantial decline compared to industrialized countries of Europe, The USA, and Latin America in the contemporary world.
Baseline anthropometric measurements and Obesity among students in Sagamu, Ogun State, southwest, Nigeria
Authors: Taiwo Emmanuel , Thanni Lateef olatunji O
Published: December 2022

Objectives: This study was designed to determine the anthropometric characteristics and prevalence of obesity among secondary and undergraduate students in Sagamu.
Methods: This cross-sectional study involved a selection of 260 students aged 10 to 33 years in Sagamu using a convenience sampling method. The weight, height, and waist and hip circumferences of each subject were measured. The body mass index was then calculated. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25.0 and p-values< 0.05 were considered statistically significant.
Results: The age ranges were 1o to 17 years (Secondary school (SS) students) and 14 to 33 years (undergraduate students). There were 130 students in each group, comprising 52.7% males and 47.4% females. Underweight was commoner among the SS students (20.8% versus 6.2%). Most of the subjects were of normal weight 52.3% in SS and 68.5% in undergraduates. Only 3.1% of SS students were obese compared to 4.6% of undergraduate students. The mean BMI of SS students (22.2± 0.39 versus 23.24±0.34) was statistically lower (p=0.019). The mean waist circumference of SS students (66.92±0.44 versus 74.64±0.67) was also statistically lower (p=0.000). The mean BMI of SS students was higher in females than in male subjects (23.14±0.62 versus 20.86±0.42). The mean waist and hip circumferences and BMI were lower in female subjects for both study groups.
Conclusions: The mean BMI and hip circumferences were higher in female subjects while the mean waist circumferences were lower in females than males in both study groups.
The current use of the artemisinin-based Combination Therapies in adult patients at a Tertiary Hospital, South-South Nigeria
Authors: AYINBUOMWAN STEPHEN , Opadeyi Abimbola , Isah Ambose
Published: December 2022

Objective: The antimalarial preferences, tolerability, and cost of the Artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) among adult patients and caregivers are largely understudied despite being the recommended treatment for Plasmodium falciparum. We, therefore, evaluated antimalarial preferences, tolerability, and cost of the ACTs among adult patients attending the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. 
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted among adult patients and their caregivers at the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria, using a semi-structured questionnaire. Their preferred antimalarial medication, previous use of antimalarial monotherapies, current ACT use; cost considerations, and adverse effects profile were sought.
Result: Six hundred respondents were recruited with a mean age of 41.4±16.3years and M/F ratio of 1.4. The majority (88.0 %), reported that they had between 1-5 episodes of malaria fever in a year. Only 28.2% received doctors’ prescriptions while 85.8% purchased their antimalarial medications from a pharmacy. Sixty percent of the respondents used at least one ACT; mainly Artemether-Lumefantrine (AL) 312 (52.0%). Only 9.3% reported previous adverse effects with the ACTs with 4.0% of respondents discontinuing their medications. The mean (SD) cost of purchasing ACTs was 1,516.47±760.3 (3.65 USD) Naira.
Conclusion: This study showed adult patients’ preference for the ACTs, especially Artemether-Lumefantrine despite some inclination towards antimalarial monotherapies and parenteral route. There was also a high rate of use of malaria presumptive treatment, but only a few reported adverse effects. There is a need to make ACTs affordable because the cost is still presently high for most Nigerians.
MENERAPKAN PETA KONSEP DALAM MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN KOMUNIKASI MATEMATIKA
Authors: Ratna Suminar Euis
Published: December 2022

Concept maps can help students to understand the subject matter because it is not just memorizing, but actually identifying the concepts obtained. In other words, concept maps provide schemas for analyzing new stimuli, and for determining relationships within and between categories. Classroom Action Research is designed for this study. To lead the achieved objectives, the study examines: 1) The process of student learning mathematics after learning using concept maps in each cycle and throughout the cycle, 2) Increasing students' mathematical communication skills in mapping and explaining mathematical concepts by using concept maps, 3) Students' responses to learning mathematics by using concept maps. The results are: 1) An overview of the learning process using concept maps is displayed in form of class photos during learning activities, 2) Mathematical communication skills in each cycle always increases by an average value of the first cycle is 73.15%, the second cycle is 77.15%, and the third cycle is 81.52%, 2) The students' mathematical communication ability after following the entire learning cycle shows good criteria with an average of 83.23%, 3) Based on the attitude scale score analysis, it is obtained that in general, students have a positive attitude towards learning using concept maps.
Tıp Fakültesi Öğrencilerinin Beyin Göçüne Yönelik Tutumlarının Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: FİLİZ Mustafa , KARAGÖZ Mustafa Burak , KARAGÖZ Naim
Published: December 2022

Bu çalışmada amaç, tıp fakültesinde okuyan öğrencilerin beyin göçüne yönelik tutumlarını belirlemek ve bir takım demografik değişkenlere göre farklılıkları incelemektir. Beyin göçü veren ülkeler, birçok yönden zarar görmektedir. Özellikle hızla gelişen teknoloji, bilginin hızı, nitelikli personele olan ihtiyaç gibi faktörlerde göz önünde bulundurulduğunda ülkelerin bu konuya daha fazla önem vermeleri gerekmektedir. Çalışmanın evrenini 2021-2022 bahar dönemi Cumhuriyet Üniversitesi tıp fakültesinde eğitim gören 1504 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmanın örneklemini ise gönüllü olarak katılım sağlayan 206 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Veriler online olarak toplanmış ve kolayda örneklem yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Demografik değişkenler arasındaki farklılıkları ortaya koymak için ikili karşılaştırmalarda t-testi, üç ve daha fazla değişkenin karşılaştırılması için ise ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. Tıp öğrencilerinin beyin göçüne eğilimlerinde itici faktörlerin, çekici faktörlere göre daha etkili olduğu görülmüştür. Cinsiyet, yaş, ailenin gelir düzeyi ve ailenin yaşadığı bölgeye göre tıp öğrencilerinin beyin göçüne yönelik algılarının değişmediği görülmüştür. Öğrencilerin sınıfı, yabancı dil düzeyi, kırsal alanda çalışma isteği, sağlık sistemine bakış açısı ve toplumun hekimlere bakış açısı gibi faktörlere göre beyin göçü algısının değiştiği görülmüştür. Çalışmada temel sonuç olarak tıp öğrencilere beyin göçüne ciddi şekilde eğilimliler ve bunun temelinde ülkedeki sorunlar, yetersizlikler vb. onları hoşnut etmeyen hallerin mevcut olmasından dolayı kaynaklandığı görülmüştür. Beyin göçüne neden olan faktörlerin genel itibariyle itici faktörler olduğu görülmüştür.
Doğu Karadeniz Spor Faaliyetlerinin Covid-19 Salgını Öncesi ve Sonrası Durumunun Karşılaştırılması
Authors: GÜRSES Necati , SEMİZ Kıvanç
Published: December 2022

Bu araştırmanın amacı, Covid-19 salgını öncesi ve sonrasındaki Gençlik Spor İl Müdürlükleri sporcu sayılarını değerlendirmektir. Araştırmada nitel araştırma türlerinden doküman incelemesi kullanılarak Doğu Karadeniz’de bulunan Artvin, Bayburt, Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize ve Trabzon şehirlerinin Gençlik Spor İl Müdürlükleri’nin lisanslı sporcu sayılarını içeren yıllık kurum raporlarının Covid-19 salgını öncesi 2019 yılı ile Covid-19 salgını sonrası 2022 yılı istatistikleri kullanılmıştır. Bulgulara göre Doğu Karadeniz illerinin tümünde toplam lisanslı sporcu sayısında yıllara oranla artış gözlemlenmekle beraber; faal sporcu bakımından salgın öncesi 2019 yılı ile salgın sonrası 2022 yılı karşılaştırıldığında, Artvin ve Gümüşhane'de artış gözlemlenirken; Bayburt, Giresun, Rize ve Trabzon'da düşüş gözlemlenmiştir. Faal sporcu sayısının düşmesinin, sporcu ailelerinin salgın döneminde sürekli çocuklarının test yaptırma ve seyahat etme durumlarından doğabilecek hastalık durumlarından ötürü tedirginlik duymalarından kaynaklandığı söylenebilir.
Analisis Kisah Yefta dalam Hakim-hakim 11:29-40
Authors: Selly Michael Marthinus , Nixon Grant
Published: December 2022

Kitab Hakim-hakim berisi berbagai kisah dari dua belas hakim yang diutus Tuhan, salah satu di antaranya adalah Yefta. Tuhan memanggil Yefta setelah sekian lamanya Ia marah kepada bangsa Israel. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk menemukan alur kisah Yefta sejak pemanggilannya hingga penggenapan nazarnya, dan memperoleh gambaran apa yang sesungguhnya terjadi pada penggenapan nazar Yefta. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis naratif. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah, Yefta dipilih sebagai pemimpin orang Gilead, Tuhan menyerahkan kemenangan Yefta bukan hanya atas bani Amon di Mizpah Gilead, kemenangan yang diperoleh Yefta harus dibayarkan dengan nazar yang ia ucapkan kepada Tuhan, dan ia tidak bisa lari atau mengingkari nazar tersebut. Penggenapan nazar Yefta bukanlah menjadikan putrinya layaknya hewan korban bakaran, tetapi menjadikan putrinya persembahan untuk mengabdi kepada Tuhan.
Religiositas Pelayan Perjamuan Kudus Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19
Authors: Santo Joseph Christ , Prasetyo Ary
Published: December 2022

Peristiwa pandemi Covid-19 yang mulai melanda dunia sejak akhir 2019 tidak hanya berdampak pada kesehatan manusia. Peraturan pemerintah di berbagai negara termasuk Indonesia untuk membatasi kegiatan masyarakat telah memberikan dampak sosial lainnya. Pembatasan kegiatan ibadah sedikit banyak berpengaruh terhadap religiositas seseorang, tidak menutup kemungkinan religiositas pelayan perjamuan kudus GBIS Kepunton juga terdampak. Penelitian ini berusaha menjawab bagaimana aktivitas religius pelayan-pelayan perjamuan kudus GBIS Kepunton selama pembatasan kegiatan ibadah, dan bagaimana religiositas pelayan-pelayan perjamuan kudus GBIS Kepunton pada masa pandemi Covid-19. Dengan pendekatan fenomenologi, penelitian ini mengambil data primer berupa hasil wawancara 8 orang dari 20 orang pelayan perjamuan kudus GBIS Kepunton. Fokus penelitian ini adalah religiositas para pelayan perjamuan kudus GBIS Kepunton, dengan sub-fokus pada empat dimensinya, yaitu keyakinan religius, praktik religius, pengalaman religius, dan pengetahuan religius. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah aktivitas religius yang dilakukan para pelayan perjamuan kudus GBIS Kepunton selama pemerintah memberlakukan pembatasan kegiatan masyarakat adalah mengikuti ibadah secara daring. Aktivitas ini menunjukkan bahwa para pelayan perjamuan kudus menjaga religiositas mereka.
Evaluation of indocyanine-mediated photodynamic therapy cytotoxicity in human osteoblast-like cells: an in vitro study
Authors: Aghayan Shabnam , Yazdanfar Asma , Seyedjafari Ehsan , Noroozian Mohammad , Ioana Bordea Roxana , Chiniforush Nasim
Published: December 2022

Introduction: Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) is an adjunctive non-invasive procedure for the management of periodontal tissue infection and deep periodontal pocket decontamination. However, the effects of this procedure on periodontal cells like osteoblasts that play a role in periodontal tissue repair and regeneration is not yet clear.

Aim: This study aimed to investigate aPDT based on indocyanine green (ICG) on MG-63 osteoblast-like cells in vitro.

Materials and methods: MG-63 cells were treated in 9 different groups: 1) Control (untreated cells), 2) ICG alone at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, 3) ICG alone at a concentration of 2000 µg/mL, 4) diode laser irradiation alone for 30 s, 5) laser irradiation for 30 s combined with ICG with a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, 6) laser irradiation for 30 s combined with ICG at a concentration of 2000 µg/mL, 7) laser irradiation alone for 60 s, 8) laser irradiation for 60 s combined with ICG at a concentration of 1000 µg/mL, and 9) laser irradiation for 60 s combined with ICG at a concentration of 2000 µg/mL. Cell viability was assessed by MTT assay in different groups.

Results: In groups that were treated with 2000 µg/mL of ICG or diode laser irradiation at fluency of 39 J/cm2 for 60 s alone or in combination during ICG-aPDT, osteoblast-like cells viability decreased, remarkably.

Conclusions: IGC-mediated aPDT with 1000 µg/mL of ICG combined with diode laser irradiation at fluency of 39 J/cm2 for 30 s is safe for MG-63 human osteoblast-like cells; however, higher concentration of ICG or laser irradiation time will increase cells death. There is still a need for more in vivo studies.
Neonatal urinoma associated with ascites in a newborn with a solitary kidney
Authors: Dorosiev Emil , Minova Gabriela , Mladenov Boris , Pelov Teofil , Peev Stoyan
Published: December 2022

Fetal urinomas are often diagnosed in prenatal ultrasonography. The etiology is usually an obstructive uropathy leading to hydronephrosis and increased intrarenal pressure putting future kidney function at risk. Rupture of pyelocaliceal system in such cases may lead to retroperitoneal urinoma or urinary ascites, sepsis, uraemia, and acute renal failure. On the other hand, this may serve as “pop-off valve” mechanism decreasing intrarenal pressure and protecting from definitive kidney function loss. We present a case of a newborn girl with a retroperitoneal urinoma, ascites, uraemia, and obstruction of a solitary right kidney, which was successfully treated minimally invasively through peritoneal and retroperitoneal drainage and intubation of the right ureter with a DJ stent shortly after birth.
Endobronchial localization - arena of two tumors: a case report
Authors: Shopov Spasimir
Published: December 2022

The lung is a common arena for metastases of tumors with different localization, but endobronchial localization of metastases is very rare. The most common tumors with endobronchial localization of metastasis are renal, breast, and colorectal cancer. We report a man presenting with cough and hemoptysis. Endobronchial biopsy showed renal cell carcinoma and micro-invasive bronchogenic squamous cell carcinoma. Endobronchial metastases from renal cell carcinoma are rare. The squamous cell lung cancer is one of the most common cancers in men, but the combination of renal cell carcinoma and micro-invasive squamous cell carcinoma with endobronchial localization is a casuistic case.
Comparison of short term results following robotic and laparoscopic total gastrectomy and D2 lymph node dissection
Authors: Kostov Gancho , Dimov Rossen , Doykov Mladen
Published: December 2022

Introduction: In the last decade, there has been a progressive shift from open to mini-invasive operative techniques for surgical resection of gastric cancer. Advanced equipment of surgical robots, with its 3D visualization, steady camera view, flexible instrument tips, attracts more and more practitioners in performing robotic gastrectomy with D2 dissection in gastric cancer patients. Thus, the comparison of some basic oncological as well as some surgical variables related to laparoscopic and robotic gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy is necessary.

Aim: The aim of the study was to compare our initial short-term results after robotic and laparoscopic gastrectomy.

Materials and methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed. For a period of four years between January 2018 and August 2022, a total number of 110 patients with total gastrectomy and D2 lymphadenectomy due to gastric cancer operated in Department of General Surgery, Kaspela University Hospital, Plovdiv, were included into the study. They were separated in two groups: thirty-eight patients with robotic surgery and 72 with laparoscopic assisted procedure.

Results: The oncological variables such as location of tumor, nodal status, number of lymph nodes removed, and pathological tumor showed no statistically significant differences between robotic and laparoscopic group. The demographic variables as age, sex, BMI, as well as ASA score also demonstrated no remarkable difference in both groups (p>0.05). The overall complication rate were similar (p=0.983).

Conclusion: We found no significant advantages of robotic over laparoscopic gastric surgery in our patients. However, we think that robotic surgery is effective, safe, and promising approach to the treatment of gastric cancer capable of correcting some of the disadvantages of laparoscopy.
On the Palaearctic tiger beetle species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) in the collections of “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest
Authors: Serafim Rodica , Stan Melania
Published: December 2022

The paper deals with twenty-two species and subspecies of tiger beetles of the Palaearctic Region, except the species of Romanian fauna. The specimens preserved in the collections of “Grigore Antipa” National Museum of Natural History, Bucharest has been reviewed.
The first arrival of the Chinese sand roach Polyphaga cf. plancyi (Blattodea: Corydiidae) in Europe
Authors: Vujić Mihailo , Vesović Nikola
Published: December 2022

Polyphaga plancyi Bolívar, 1883, also known as Chinese sand roach, it is a large Corydiidae species with a native distribution that includes several Chinese provinces and southern part of the Russian Far East. It is a well-known insect in traditional Chinese medicine, and the biological activity of the compounds isolated from it are actively studied. So far, there are no records of this species outside its natural range, at least outside China. In this article, we present the first record of P. cf. plancyi specimen collected in Europe, probably imported from Shanghai. The specimen was recognized as a non-native cockroach species to Europe via photo posted on social media, and it was subsequently taxonomically identified. Details of its possible origin, its morphology, importance of citizen science, as well as annotations on the other synanthropic cockroaches in Serbia are provided.
A classic case of Solitary Pseudopapillary Epithelial Neoplasm of Pancreas - Case report with Review of Literature
Authors: DHAWAN SURUCHI , CHORDIYA RUSHABH , ONKAR PRASHANT , DHOK AVINASH
Published: December 2022

We report a case of a solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas in a 19-year-old female who presented with abdominal pain. Computed tomography of the abdomen showed a heterogenous density mass in the tail of the pancreas. The mass had fluid density in the central region and soft tissue density in the peripheral region. Post-contrast evaluation showed enhancement in the peripheral solid component. Based on the radiological investigation carried out at our institute, a diagnosis of solid pseudopapillary epithelial neoplasm of the pancreas was established which was confirmed on histopathology.
Il mondo sotto la superficie. L’ontologia liquida delle isole Belep (Kanaky Nuova Caledonia)
Authors: Giordana Lara
Published: December 2022

La recente letteratura sulla “sovranità marina” suggerisce la necessità di considerare da una nuova prospettiva i modi di gestione e la governance dell’Oceano Pacifico, per far fronte ai cambiamenti ecologici degli ultimi decenni, ma anche per riconoscere la coesistenza di ontologie diverse. Questo articolo tenta di fare affiorare la densità di presenze e la poli-cronia che caratterizza l’ontologia acquatica dei Belema, gli abitanti delle isole Belep (Kanaky Nuova Caledonia). Per i Belema l’oceano è molto più di una superficie da attraversare per raggiungere altre terre o il contenitore di importanti risorse economiche. L’oceano è uno spazio denso: visibile e invisibile si intrecciano nella sua profondità opaca; passato e presente, vita e morte si toccano; umano e non umano si incontrano. La geografia acquatica (un’idro-grafia, scandita da villaggi e percorsi sottomarini), le genealogie (in cui i primi antenati sono animali marini) e le continuità e corrispondenze tra esseri acquatici e terrestri rivelano la forza plasmante dell’oceano. Esso dà forma alla società belema e contribuisce a farne una società più che umana.
Il mare come metodo? Suggestioni dall’Oceano Indiano
Authors: Maddaluno Raffaele
Published: December 2022

Le caratteristiche di movimento, fluidità, indeterminatezza si presentano come espressione della materialità del mare e al tempo stesso come serbatoio immaginativo con il quale ripensare logiche binarie, terrestri, cristallizzate. In questo contributo si ripercorrono alcuni studi che guardano alla materialità del mare nella sua dimensione perturbativa e immaginativa, con l’intento di metterli in dialogo con la letteratura che pensa l’Oceano Indiano come continuum culturale svelando la preponderanza del contesto oceanico e delle sue caratteristiche intrinseche nel connettere e plasmare saperi, culture, immaginari. Dall’Oceano Indiano si vuole quindi pensare il mare come (anti-) metodo, soffermandosi su quelle caratteristiche di movimento, fluidità, disordine quali assiomi con cui rileggere l’imprevedibilità degli incontri, delle ibridazioni, dei processi storici e culturali.
‘On board’ deep-sea mining. An ocean-based perspective
Authors: Gentilucci Marta
Published: December 2022

Today, the extraction of minerals from the seabed is increasingly seen as the new frontier in the push to transition to a “low-carbon economy” that requires larger quantities of metals. It therefore becomes anthropologically salient to ask: what are the political, epistemological, ecological, and economic consequences of a mining future that promises to be bound up with autonomous machines and increasingly sophisticated technologies? How does engagement with mining change when extraction takes place in the deep sea? How does our relationship with the ocean change? In this article I go virtually ‘on board’ DSM, as a first theoretical step towards designing innovative research on this emergent sector.
Économie végétale à partir des études carpologiques du boulevard Dr Henri-Henrot à Reims/Durocortorum
Authors: Matterne Véronique
Published: December 2022

La fouille d’un quartier de la périphérie sud de Reims, situé en bordure de la Vesle, au niveau du boulevard Dr Henri-Henrot, a livré un matériel carpologique particulièrement diversifié et riche en produits d’importation, documenté par 4 668 restes qui appartiennent à 59 taxons. Son étude apporte des informations inédites sur le degré de pénétration de la culture romaine dans la ville, au moins en ce qui concerne les pratiques de consommation et l’agriculture. Plusieurs espèces importées remarquables par leur rareté ont été mises en évidence, notamment l’amandier, le grenadier, l’olivier, le pin pignon, mais aussi la pêche, la nèfle et la mûre de mûrier noir, révélant l’importance des marchés urbains dans la mise à disposition d’aliments exotiques. On n’enregistre cependant pas de différenciations sociales par secteurs, mais plutôt le reflet d’activités spécifiques : les restes alimentaires se démarquent de ceux qui témoignent potentiellement d’une activité artisanale centrée sur la gaude. La diversification des fruitiers est surtout enregistrée au cours du iie et jusqu’au début du iiie s., périodes où la batterie de cuisine se transforme également. Il est probable que certaines espèces aient été rapidement acclimatées et produites sur place, car au moins huit complexes de vergers ont été identifiés aux alentours de la ville.
Activités artisanales sur la rive droite de la Vesle à Reims/Durocortorum
Authors: Jouhet Émilie , Brunet Michaël , Mathelart Pierre , Matterne Véronique
Published: December 2022

Le site archéologique du boulevard Dr Henri-Henrot, situé dans un secteur excentré de l’agglomération antique en bord de Vesle, a livré plusieurs types de productions artisanales datées entre le iie et les premières décennies du ve s. apr. J.‑C. Les vestiges les plus anciens concernent les pratiques de transformation du métal, avec la présence de nombreux foyers et de couches charbonneuses contenant des battitures, et l’activité textile attestée par la découverte de fosses de stockage d’argile smectique, de nombreux pesons de métiers à tisser ainsi que d’une grande quantité de brosses à lainer. La plus importante des constructions mises au jour est un grand bâtiment rectangulaire, édifié au tout début du ive s. apr. J.‑C., mais dont la fonction précise reste à déterminer. Soigné dans son mode de construction, où le bois de chêne occupe une large place, il abrite une batterie d’au moins huit fours. La localisation de ces artisanats sur les berges de la rivière (dans le cas du bâtiment) ou légèrement en retrait (dans le cas des artisanats du métal et du textile), montre que la proximité du cours d’eau était un facteur déterminant dans les choix d’implantation.
Les vestiges fauniques de la rue Lecointre à Reims/Durocortorum : une carrière utilisée comme dépotoir
Authors: Poupon Frédéric
Published: December 2022

Lors de la fouille réalisée au 22 rue Lecointre à Reims/Durocortorum (Marne) en 2012, une vaste carrière à ciel ouvert a pu être mise en évidence dans la partie occidentale de la zone étudiée. Elle a été utilisée comme dépotoir entre 280 et 320 apr. J.‑C. et de nombreux détritus de différente nature y ont été déversés. Parmi eux, près de 3 000 restes de faune ont été collectés. Leur analyse a permis d’identifier des déchets d’origines diverses liés aux rejets alimentaires, à la boucherie bovine, aux rebuts du travail de l’os, à l’évacuation des cadavres d’équidés ; plus surprenant, une série de restes d’ours et quelques os de daim ont été découverts. La position excentrée de ce dépotoir dans un secteur de la ville profondément démantelé pose la question de la provenance de ces déchets. La confrontation de cet ensemble à des assemblages fauniques contemporains dans un cadre topographique plus large tente d’y répondre. Ainsi, la proximité de quartiers artisanaux, de même que celle d’un temple polygonal et plus vraisemblablement de l’amphithéâtre pourraient être à l’origine d’une partie de ces détritus.
Le temple polygonal de la rue Lecointre à Reims/Durocortorum
Authors: Péchart Sébastien , Poupon Frédéric
Published: December 2022

La localisation, la chronologie et la nature des vestiges mis au jour rue Lecointre renouvellent et complètent les données archéologiques sur l’extrémité nord de la ville du Haut-Empire. Le site constitue la première fenêtre d’observation d’un espace à vocation cultuelle à Reims/Durocortorum (Marne) pour les périodes de transition romaine précoce et alto-impériale. S’il reste délicat de statuer sur l’importance réelle à donner aux activités cultuelles ou funéraires pratiquées dans ce secteur à La Tène finale, l’enchaînement chronologique des indices, avec en particulier l’édification d’un temple polygonal dans le dernier tiers du ier s. apr. J.‑C., signale qu’une fois cristallisée, la vocation du lieu ne changera plus.
Radio Lorraine Cœur d’Acier, Longwy, 1979-1980, un outil pour mobiliser les travailleurs immigrés ?
Authors: Hayes Ingrid
Published: December 2022

Radio Lorraine Cœur d’Acier (LCA), « radio de lutte » de la CGT, émit du 17 mars 1979 au 1er juillet 1980, depuis un studio situé dans l’ancien hôtel de ville de Longwy, en Meurthe-et-Moselle. Elle prit très au sérieux la question de l’immigration et des discriminations de tous ordres que les immigrés subissent, au point de diffuser une émission hebdomadaire, La parole aux immigrés, animée en langue arabe par des syndicalistes immigrés à destination des travailleurs immigrés. Cet article se propose de mesurer l’efficacité de la radio en termes de mobilisation des subalternes, en analysant les discours tenus, les stratégies de mobilisation mises en œuvre et la place des syndicalistes immigrés à LCA.
Activismo feminista y emigración: el caso del podcast Radio Conchita y las migrantes españolas en París (2019-2021)
Authors: Bautista Cosa Olga , Bezanilla Rebollo Carla , Pérez Martínez José Emilio
Published: December 2022

El presente artículo trata de analizar el podcast Radio Conchita, una producción en la que se entrecruzan la experiencia migrante con la experiencia del activismo feminista. Un programa que intenta, desde el principio, servir de espacio de encuentro para las migrantes españolas que llegan a París y, con una clara perspectiva, analizar la actualidad social y política tanto de su país de origen como de su país de acogida.
Fréquence Paris Plurielle : un « outil pour le mouvement » ? Une radio militante à la croisée de l’autonomie et des luttes de l’immigration
Authors: Picot Pauline
Published: December 2022

Fondée en 1992, Fréquence Paris Plurielle est une des dernières radios associatives non commerciales de la FM parisienne. Radio militante à la fois par son positionnement dans le champ radiophonique et par son ancrage dans les mouvements sociaux, elle constitue un terrain privilégié à partir duquel interroger les liens entre radios et mobilisations. À partir d’entretiens et d’archives, cet article revient, dans une perspective socio-historique, sur la mise en œuvre d’un projet radiophonique qui se présente comme la « voix des sans-voix ». D’abord, en montrant l’ancrage de la radio dans les espaces de mobilisation de la gauche non-institutionnelle, du mouvement autonome et des luttes de l’immigration. Ensuite, sous l’angle de la sociologie des médias, on montre comment FPP s’inscrit dans une double critique des médias mainstream qui se traduit sur le plan organisationnel ; ce qui ne va pas sans générer des tensions au moment de concrétiser le projet d’une expression pluri-communautaire.
« Si on est seuls, qu’on nous le dise ». Journalisme, politique nationale et diplomatie internationale au Burundi
Authors: Fierens Marie , Rovetta Ornella
Published: December 2022

De la fin des années 1990 à 2015, le paysage médiatique burundais fait figure d’exception en Afrique subsaharienne francophone. Mais en 2015, tout bascule. Cet article met au jour les enjeux médiatiques et politiques qui ont traversé l’histoire du Burundi, depuis les années 1990 jusqu’à aujourd’hui, pour éclairer une situation paradoxale à première vue : un paysage médiatique burundais jadis exemplaire, aujourd’hui contrôlé par le parti au pouvoir ; des journalistes burundais autrefois loués pour leur liberté de ton, désormais contraints à l’autocensure ou à l’exil ; des bailleurs de fonds historiquement très présents et aujourd’hui discrets ; et enfin, une communauté internationale longtemps investie dans le processus démocratique, aujourd’hui engagée dans une forme de normalisation de la situation, malgré les violations des droits humains.
Serologic Demonstration of a Thymus-Dependent Population of Lymph-Node Cells
Authors: Schlesinger Michael , Yron Ilana
Published: December 2022

The aim of the present study was to determine whether the sensitivity of murine lymph-node cells to isoantibodies against the ϑ and Ly-antigens depends on the presence of the thymus. Neonatal and adult mice of various strains were thymectomized and their lymph-node cells tested at various intervals after thymectomy. Following either neonatal or adult thymectomy, the lymph-node cells of RIII/Jem mice lost their sensitivity to the cytotoxic effect of ϑ-AKR antibodies. The lymph-node cells of neonatally thymectomized C57BL/6 mice became refractory to the cytotoxic effect of ϑ-C3H antibodies, whereas the cells of neonatally thymectomized DBA/1 mice became refractory to ϑ-C3H and Ly-antibodies. In C3H/An mice, neonatal thymectomy resulted in an almost complete loss of the sensitivity of lymph-node cells to ϑ-C3H and Ly-antibodies. Some neonatally thymectomized RIII mice were grafted with allogeneic thymuses, and their lymph nodes were examined 2 to 3 weeks later. The lymph nodes of such reconstituted animals contained cells displaying the ϑ isoantigenicity distinctive for the thymic graft. In addition, these lymph nodes contained a slightly greater number of host cells sensitive to ϑ antibodies than did the lymph nodes of thymectomized littermates which did not receive thymus grafts.

These results indicate that the lymph-node cells which are sensitive to the cytotoxic effect of ϑ and Ly-isoantibodies are thymus-dependent, and that at least some of them are thymus-derived. Moreover, the thymus may possibly affect the expression of the ϑ and Ly-antigens in lymph-node cells by an indirect control mechanism.
Denaturation of Lysozyme by Freund's Complete Adjuvant
Authors: Scibienski Robert J.
Published: December 2022

Reduction and alkylation of the disulfide bonds of lysozyme results in a molecule which does not cross-react with the native molecule at the humoral level. Nevertheless, antilysozyme antisera induced with the aid of Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA) can be shown to react with the denatured form (CM-lysozyme), whereas antilysozyme antisera induced in the absence of adjuvant do not react with CM-lysozyme. The reaction of adjuvant-induced antilysozyme antisera with CM-lysozyme cannot be inhibited by lysozyme, indicating that the reaction is non-cross-reactive in nature. It is postulated that the antibodies involved arose in response to denatured forms in the immunogen, which in turn arose during emulsification in FCA.
The Role of the Inflammatory Response of Skin and Lymph Nodes in the Induction of Sensitization to Simple Chemicals
Authors: Friedlaender Mitchell H. , Chisari Francis V. , Baer Harold
Published: December 2022

Simple chemicals which were sensitizers when applied to the skin of guinea pigs or injected in complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) possessed primary irritant properties. Chemicals which were sensitizers when injected in CFA but nonsensitizers when applied to the skin had no primary irritancy. Treatment of guinea pig skin with certain inflammatory agents before skin application of chemicals from this latter group was associated with the development of contact sensitivity. While all three inflammatory agents examined induced a nonspecific inflammatory cell infiltrate, only two promoted the development of sensitivity. The two chemicals which were nonsensitizers when applied to the skin but sensitizers when injected in CFA caused expansion of the paracortical areas of the draining lymph nodes and the development of pyroninophilic blast cells in this region. It is suggested that the inflammatory properties of simple chemicals, whether inherent in the chemical or exogenous, can influence sensitization.
Correlations Between Quantitative Assay of Red Cell-Bound C3, Serologic Reactions, and Hemolytic Anemia
Authors: Fischer J. , Petz L. , Garratty G. , Cooper N.
Published: December 2022

The number of molecules of C3 on human RBC was determined by the method of Borsos and Leonard (J. Immunol., 107: 766, 1971) based on inhibition of anti-C3 antibody by cell-bound C3. The assay was standardized with fluid phase C3 of known concentration and with RBC sensitized with radiolabeled C3. Normal RBC and cells sensitized with IgG gave negative results. Lewis antibody was used to sensitize RBC with C3 in vitro. In vivo sensitized RBC were obtained from 25 patients having a positive anti-C3 antiglobulin test. The antiglobulin test with anti-C3 antiglobulin serum was weakly positive with 115 molecules C3/RBC, and was strongly positive with >1000 molecules C3/RBC. There was a good correlation between antiglobulin test titration score and number of molecules C3/RBC, but for a given score, there were about three times as many C3 molecules/RBC on in vitro vs. in vivo sensitized cells.
Deficiency of Hemolytic C1 in Experimental Hypogammaglobulinemia
Authors: Gabrielsen A. E. , Linna T. J. , Weitekamp D. P. , Pickering R. J.
Published: December 2022

It has been known for many years that agammaglobulinemic patients tend to have deficient C1 activity, paralleled by a reduced level of C1q protein. The only complete experimental analogue of X-linked recessive agammaglobulinemia is achieved in the chicken. Total hemolytic C was titered in such chickens by Gewurz and Cooper several years ago, but to our knowledge no one has looked at their C1. A major obstacle has been the inadequacy of mammalian hemolysins in total C assays, thus almost assuring that a conventional EAC4 cell would be inadequate. We found, however, that such a cell yields a linear dose-response with chicken serum, but felt we had to examine this paradox before titering sera of hypogammaglobulinemic chickens. Rabbit hemolysin fixes chicken C but probably does not activate it to any extent. In higher dilution, in low ionic strength buffer, we believe that C1 is activated, and that it is largely activated C1 which is assayed with a standard EAC4.
Enhanced Antibody Response of Mice to Polyinosinic Polycytidylic Acid by Antithymocyte Serum and its Age-Dependent Loss in NZB/W Mice
Authors: Chused Thomas M. , Steinberg Alfred D. , Parker Leroy M.
Published: December 2022

A single injection of a double stranded RNA antigen, polyinosinic·polycytidylic acid (rI·rC), in aqueous solution leads to an antibody response which is augmented when heterologous antithymocyte serum (ATS) is given with the antigen. Since the response to rI·rC is largely thymic independent, the enhancement is explainable by the elimination of regulator cells by the ATS. An additional mechanism, an adjuvant-like action of ATS, was suggested by the enhancement of the antibody response by ATS despite prior thymectomy and ATS treatment.

NZB/W mice which spontaneously develop an autoimmune disease characterized by antibodies to nucleic acids demonstrate an age-dependent loss of the ATS-mediated enhancement of the response to rI·rC. This loss of regulation of the response to nucleic acid antigens could explain their spontaneous antibody production and may be caused by spontaneously occurring antithymocyte antibody.
The Importance of Chimerism in Maintaining Tolerance of Skin Allografts in Mice
Authors: Lubaroff David M. , Silvers Willys K.
Published: December 2022

The importance of the persistence of antigen for maintaining tolerance of transplantation isoantigens has been investigated. Established A strain skin grafts on CBA mice rendered tolerant at birth were destroyed by the passive transfer of C3H anti-A lymphoid cells. Evidence is presented that these C3H cells also eliminated cell chimerism and that they too were rejected. Inasmuch as such treated tolerant mice rejected subsequent A strain skin grafts, it is concluded that the destruction of these second grafts was mediated by immunologically competent cells of host genotype, i.e., cells which became competent as a result of the elimination of A strain antigens. This conclusion is supported by experiments in which tolerance was sustained in a high percentage of CBA mice who, shortly after the destruction of their original A strain grafts, received an inoculation(s) of CBA/A cells.
The Cutaneous Basophil Response to Mitogens
Authors: Stadecker Miguel J. , Leskowitz Sidney
Published: December 2022

Basophil-rich skin reactions have been elicited in normal guinea pigs with local injections of phytohemagglutinin, concanavalin A, and pokeweed mitogen. Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide, a B cell mitogen, had no such effect.

These results suggest that T cells may mediate such reactions by releasing a factor chemotactic for basophils.
Distribution of Isotypic and Allotypic Human IgG Antigens in Non-Human Primates
Authors: Gaarder Per Ivar , Natvig Jacob B.
Published: December 2022

The occurrence of a range of human isotypic and allotypic antigens in various non-human primate species was investigated. Most of the antigens were found only among the Hominoidea. However, certain isotypic antigens of IgG1 and IgG4 and allotypic antigens of IgG1 (Gm(f) and Gm(z)) and IgG3 (Gm(b0) and Gm(c5)) were found in Old World monkeys as well. IgG2 antigens were found within the Pongidae only. The subclass antigens were generally not more widely distributed than the allotypes. Several species had remarkably high serum concentrations of Gm(b0) and Gm(c5). In chimpanzees Gm(b0) may occur in several subclasses and “non b0” as an allotype within one minor subclass, thus reversing the relationship observed in man between these two antigens. The sheer multitude of iso- and allotypic antigens found makes the existence of subclasses likely in several species. Immunosorbent studies, however, provided strong evidence for the existence in chimpanzees of at least two IgG populations corresponding to subclasses.
Immunoglobulin Expression of Cells from Human Lymphoblastoid Lines
Authors: Litwin Stephen D. , Hütteroth Thomas H. , Lin Por K. , Kennard Janis , Cleve Hartwig
Published: December 2022

Surface Igs of eight different human established lymphoblastoid lines were investigated by means of a radioassay method and cytotoxicity testing. The number of surface Ig sites varied from 1.0 to 4.5 × 105 per Ig positive cell in different lymphoid lines. µ heavy (H) chain and κ light (L) chains were the predominant surface Ig antigens encountered in most but not all cases. A molar excess of L chains was observed in five out of eight lymphoid lines. Multiple factors contributed to the excess of L chains. In certain lines a L chain excess was also present in secreted and in cellular Ig favoring an interpretation of unbalanced oversynthesis of L chains. Two lines, however, had the L chain excess restricted to surface Ig. Experiments on two of the lines with L chain excess demonstrated that while most Ig positive cells had both L and H chain surface antigens, a minor proportion of cells had only L chains detectable on their surface.
Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes as Effectors of Cell-Mediated Immunity to Syngeneic and Allogeneic Transplants in the Rat
Authors: Tucker Derek F. , Dennert Gunther , Lennox Edwin S.
Published: December 2022

The nature of the cells effecting in vitro cell-mediated immunity has been examined and compared in a syngeneic and allogeneic tumor system. The tumors used for these different models were the syngeneic W/Fu rat transplantable lymphoma (C58NT)D, induced by Gross virus, and the allogeneic DMBA#8 cell line derived from a chemically-induced F334 rat mammary carcinoma.

In both systems, time course experiments show that cytotoxic effector cells recirculate through the thoracic duct. Maximum cell-mediated cytotoxicity in the lymph occurs at day 7 after immunization, which is close in time to peak cytotoxic activity in the spleen.

Since treatment of spleens immunized with the syngeneic or allogeneic cell line with specific anti-T cell serum markedly decreases cytotoxicity, we conclude that the major effector cell is a thymus-derived lymphocyte.

We did some experiments to decide whether, in addition to T cell killing, there was antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity. In the allogeneic system in particular there was some indication that the antibody-directed mechanism may play a role. Following primary (as well as repeated) immunization, a high proportion of allogeneic sera have the capability of inducing specific tumor target lysis by normal spleen cells. In a few instances, similar but weak antibody activity appeared in syngeneic sera only after a booster injection of tumor cells and if harvested after 30 to 50 days. In the syngeneic system it therefore seems likely that only T cells are concerned in the rejection process following primary inoculation of tumor cells, whereas in the allogeneic systems, in addition to cytotoxic T cells, antibody-dependent effector cells also may be involved in tumor cell destruction. This latter conclusion is supported by the finding that anti-T cell serum completely abrogates cytotoxicity in the syngeneic system, while the inhibition is sometimes incomplete in the allogeneic one.
Immunity to C-Type RNA Viruses: Antibody Formation after Natural or Deliberate Infection
Authors: Schwartz R. S. , Donnelly J. , Melief C. J. M. , Louie S.
Published: December 2022

A combined virologic and immunologic study was done in mice that were either naturally or deliberately infected with C-type RNA viruses. In about 60% of B10.A mice, natural infection was accompanied by detectable anti-VEA antibodies in the serum. The absence of such antibodies was a reliable indicator of the absence of virus in B10 mice. Deliberately infected young adult B10 mice failed to eliminate the virus completely, despite high titers of anti-VEA antibodies. B10 mice exposed to B tropic viruses at birth made anti-VEA antibodies but failed to eliminate the virus. By contrast, some NIH Swiss mice exposed to N-tropic virus at birth made anti-VEA antibodies and eliminated the virus.