bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Análise da prevalência do Câncer de Colo de Útero no estado do Amazonas
Authors: Oliveira Samilla de Melo , Campelo Isabela Bessa , Batista Bédia Lisandra Pedroso , Bezerra Izabel Cecília Maia , De Menezes João Gabriel Pinheiro , Macedo Thiago Lima , Carlos Adriano Cézar Lins , Barbosa Julianna Laís Meneses
Published: May 2023

Introdução: O câncer de colo de útero (UCC) configura-se como uma neoplasia maligna proveniente de mutações celulares que evoluem para um carcinoma cervical invasor que pode se manifestar como verrugas na mucosa vaginal, ânus, pênis, laringe e esôfago. Quanto aos fatores para o desenvolvimento do UCC, cabe citar baixo nível econômico, má higiene individual e sexual, abuso de tabaco, início precoce da vida sexual e número elevado de parceiros sexuais. Objetivo: Este projeto tem por objetivo realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre a fisiopatologia do mecanismo de funcionamento do câncer do colo do útero e a problemática da elevada prevalência do agravo no Estado do Amazonas, de acordo com ênfase em artigos científicos e embasamento epidemiológico da região. Metodologia: Revisão Integrativa respaldada sob análise de artigos presentes na literatura voltados para o câncer de colo de útero, do período de 2012 a 2022, levantados nas principais bases de dados como como Scientific Eletronic Library Online (Scielo), Google Scholar e PubMed utilizando os descritores “Neoplasias do Colo Uterino” e “Promoção da saúde” em ciências da saúde da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS). Resultados: O estudo realizado sobre a prevalência e os índices de mortalidade do agravo na região do Amazonas comprovaram que a taxa para cada grupo de 100 mil mulheres é de 40,18, quase três vezes maior que a média brasileira, segundo o Inca (Instituto Nacional do Câncer) em 2020. Quanto à média nacional, houve queda da mortalidade em todas as regiões, com exceção nos municípios interioranos da Região Norte que, em 2017, apresentaram taxa três vezes superior à da Região Sudeste, o que caracteriza um dos motivos da gravidade da situação no estado e da necessidade de maior abordagem desse tema nos meios científicos. No período de 2013 a 2020, foram registrados, no Sistema de Informação de Mortalidade (SIM), 48.586 óbitos por neoplasia maligna do colo de útero (CID-9: 179; CID-10: C55) no país, desses, 2.234 foram notificados no Amazonas. Políticas de prevenção apresentam níveis diferenciados de abrangência nas regiões brasileiras, de acordo com as condições socioeconômicas, visto que as populações das zonas rurais, em sua maioria, possuem um déficit no acesso às ações preventivas, como ao próprio exame de rastreamento (Papanicolau). Conclusão: Por meio dos dados obtidos, constata-se a necessidade de um maior investimento nas políticas públicas voltadas para a mulher, análise de fatores de risco e verificar o que está ocasionando a menor procurar para a realização dos exames preventivos, principalmente na região Norte devido ao número crescente de casos e óbitos em relação a outras regiões do Brasil.
Planejamento Empreendedor no Agronegócio
Authors: De Faria Denilda Caetano , Oliveira Rita de Cassia Alves
Published: May 2023

O presente artigo trata-se do Planejamento Empreendedor no Agronegócio, buscando apresentar instrumentos gerenciais que possibilitam as empresas a desenvolverem suas atividades de forma estratégica. O estudo teve como objetivo investigar quais as estratégias adotadas pelo empreendores para o desenvolvimento do seu negócio, sobretudo no segmento rural. A abordagem metodológica utilizada neste estudo consiste em uma revisão de literatura que recorre a estudos técnicos, científicos, livros e artigos que tratam do assunto. Os resultados do estudo ressaltam a importância do Planejamento Estratégico, adicionado com novas ferramentas gerenciais contemporâneas por ser considerado um poderoso instrumento de gestão que analisa o mercado, identifica as oportunidades, define uma direção estratégica e detalha os planos de ação para o sucesso da empresa.
Relationship between the degree of market orientation and the business geographical scope: the case of the spanish company at the end of the 20th century
Authors: Solar Olga Bocigas , Del Hoyo Alfonso P. Fernández
Published: May 2023

Este estudo tenta analisar a relação entre o grau de orientação de mercado das empresas espanholas no final do século XX e o seu âmbito geográfico, que se compreende na sua tripla faceta: local, nacional e internacional. Em suma, a orientação de mercado é a filosofia empresarial que orienta as suas ações para a satisfação do cliente, procurando rentabilidade a longo prazo e tendo em conta a concorrência. A literatura existente mostra uma clara ligação entre o nível de orientação de mercado e o desempenho empresarial, daí a sua importância.
Certificação Rainforest Alliance em chocolates e cafés comercializados nos municípios de Ouro Fino e Pouso Alegre
Authors: Félix Ana Paula , Dutra Mariana Borges de Lima
Published: May 2023

O café é a segunda bebida mais consumida no mundo e no Brasil, o País se destaca como sendo o maior produtor de café do mundo. Segundo a Confederação da Agricultura e Pecuária, o cacau é uma fruta nativa da Amazônia, sua amêndoa é utilizada para a produção do pó e da manteiga de cacau. Ambos cultivos possuem problemáticas semelhantes como escravidão contemporânea para colheita e produção dos frutos e exploração dos recursos naturais, no caso do café, uso intenso de agrotóxicos. A Rainforest Alliance é uma organização internacional que trabalha para combater o desmatamento, garantir os direitos dos trabalhadores, etc. Este estudo teve como objetivo quantificar a porcentagem de embalagens de cafés e chocolates em barra que expõe o selo Rainforest Alliance no comércio varejista alimentício nas cidades de Ouro Fino e Pouso Alegre, do Estado de Minas Gerais. A porcentagem de chocolates em barra com o selo de sustentabilidade ambiental foi superior aos dos tipos de café Torrado e moído e Solúvel, e o chocolate em barra tipo Meio Amargo apresentou 21% de produtos certificados.
“The Hidden Artist”: Edith Schaeffer and the Success of L’Abri Fellowship
Authors: TALBOT CHRISTOPHER
Published: May 2023

Abstract
While much attention has been given to Francis Schaeffer, his work, and his influence on the L’Abri community, less attention has been given to Edith Schaeffer’s unique contribution. She complemented Francis’s more intellectual, apologetic, and discussion-oriented approach by cultivating a family-oriented community with an emphasis on hospitality, creativity, and prayer. L’Abri’s visitors have lauded Edith’s crucial contribution to their enduring community. However, to fully understand L’Abri community’s impact, there remains a need to assess Edith Schaeffer’s work and contribution more fully. This article considers Edith’s written work, as well as observations from those who attended L’Abri, and in doing so, evaluate Edith’s unique contribution. I will argue that Edith Schaeffer’s thought and work were a necessary component to L’Abri Fellowship’s enduring success. KEYWORDS: Edith Schaeffer, Francis Schaeffer, hospitality, community, family, L’Abri Fellowship
Rightly Applying God’s Law Makes Legalism Impossible
Authors: BEEVERS BRAD
Published: May 2023

Abstract
Legalism is, at its core, a wrong theology of the law. It is rooted in the conviction that God’s commands can be fundamentally kept with disciplined and earnest effort. A robust and practical theology of the law completely undermines this false faith. It shows how the law is spiritual (about the heart, not just behavior), comprehensive (addressing every similar situation), and perfect (requiring active love, not just avoiding harm). Grasping this makes Pharisaic piety impossible. God’s law is so demanding that only perfect holiness satisfies it, and the law shows how far we are from this holiness. Understanding this severs the root of legalistic pride and wonderfully drives us to the cross. KEYWORDS: Legalism, Pharisees, God’s law, works-righteousness, heart, sanctification, gospel, love, biblical counseling
Robert L. Wilken. Liberty in the Things of God: The Christian Origins of Religious Freedom
Authors: RESTER TODD M.
Published: May 2023

KEYWORDS:
FAKTOR PENGETAHUAN DAN KETERSEDIAAN DENGAN PENGGUNAAN KONDOM DALAM PENCEGAHAN HIV AIDS PADA WANITA PEKERJA SEKS
Authors: Natasya Celine Delvi , Kristianti Shinta , Sendra Eny
Published: May 2023

Infeksi Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) adalah suatu spektrum  enyakit yang menyerang sel-sel kekebalan tubuh yang meliputi infeksi primer, dengan atau tanpa sindrom akut, stadium asimtomatik, hingga stadium lanjut. Menurut kelompok berisiko, WPS (Wanita Pekerja Seks) menempati golongan risiko tinggi penularan HIV. Pengetahuan WPS tentang manfaat kondom merupakan salah satu faktor penggunaan kondom, dari 77 WPS yakni 41 WPS (53.4%) memiliki pengetahuan yang kurang baik. Dari 33 orang WPS yang tidak menyediakan kondom sebanyak 15 orang (20.5%) yang menggunakan kondom dan ada sebanyak 18 orang (24.7%) yang tidak menggunakan kondom. Tujuan umum dari penelitian ini adalah menjelaskan hubungan antara pengetahuan dan ketersediaan kondom dengan penggunaan kondom dalam upaya pencegahan  penularan HIV/AIDS pada Wanita Pekerja Seksual berdasarkan studi literatur. Penelitian literature  review ini menggunakan desain studi systematic mapping study  dengan sumber literatur yang didapatkan dari database Pubmed, dan Google Scholar. Strategi pengumpulan literature  menggunakan PEOS selanjutnya diseleksi sehingga menghasilkan 10 artikel yang tersaring dan dianalisis menggunakan penyajian hasil literature review. Berdasarkan 10 artikel yang dianalisis menghasilkan faktor pengetahuan yang baik maka membuat WPS menggunakan kondom saat berhubungan seksual. Faktor ketersediaan kondom di lokalisasi lebih memudahkan WPS untuk selalu menggunakan kondom dalam setiap transaksi seksual dengan pelanggan. Terdapat hubungan antara pengetahuan dan  ketetersediaan kondom dengan penggunaan kondom dalam upaya pencegahan penularan HIV/AIDS pada WPS.
SEKSUALITAS PADA AWAL MENOPAUSE BURUH GENDONG DIPASAR BERINGHARJO YOGYAKARTA
Authors: Dini MA. Iballa Brilian , Phyowai Ganap Eugenius , Satriyandari Yekti
Published: May 2023

Menopause merupakan satu rangkaian fisiologis tubuh wanita terkait fungsi reproduksinya yang ditandai dengan menurunnya produksi hormon seks wanita yaitu estrogen dan progesteron. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui permasalahan seksualitas pada awal menopause buruh gendong di pasar beringharjo Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini korelatif (corelatif research) dengan pendekatan cross sectional study dan analisis data menggunakan Chi-Square. Hasil pada penelitian ini menyatakan dimana hasil analisis menunjukkan ada hubungan yang bermakna ketika awal menopause dengan permasalahan aktivitas seksual, permasalahannya adalah kurangnya gairah seksual pada awal menopause.                  Saran : diharapkan dapat sebagai bahan masukan bagi profesi kesehatan khususnya bidan untuk menjadi konselor kesehatan reproduksi terhadap wanita yang menopause khususnya kepada wanita menopause yang memiliki kesibukan (bekerja).
GAMBARAN TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN IBU POSTPARUM TENTANG BABY BLUES DI BPM LISMARINI
Authors: Rahma Melia , Anggraini Ririn , Yuningsih Yuningsih
Published: May 2023

Angka  kejadianBaby  Blues Syndrome atau Postpartum  Blues di  Asia sendiri cukup tinggi dan bervariasi antara 26 - 85%, sedangkan  di  Indonesia  angka  kejadian Baby blues atau Postpartum Blues antara 50-70% dari wanita pasca persalinan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran pengetahuan ibu postpartum  tentangbaby blues.penelitian ini menggunakan metode survey deskrikriptif dengan pengambelan sampel dilakukan secara accidental sampling. Hasil analisis univariat bedasarkan pengetahuan responden  tentang definisi baby blues  yaitu  dari 92 responden mayoritas responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik  yaitu sebanyak 55 responden (92,4% ). Dan untuk pengetahuan tentang penyebab baby blues sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup yaitu 65 reponden (70,7%). Untuk pengetahuan tentang gejala baby blues sebagian besar responden memiliki tingkat pengetahuan baik yaitu sebanyak 75 responden (81,5%). Dan responden yang memiliki tingkat pengetahuan cukup untuk dampak baby blues yaitu 64 responden (69,9%). Sedangkan pada penatalaksanaan baby blues responden yang memiliki pengetahuan kurang yaitu sebanyak 79 reponden (85,9%).
Quality of service and digital engagement on Facebook pages
Authors: Pérez-Cruz Omar Alejandro , Oscar Bernardo Reyes-Leal , Santarriaga-Pineda María De Los Dolores , Soto-Ramírez Francisco Carlos
Published: May 2023

Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are recognizing the importance of social networks as loyalty strategies, engaging customers, and reinforcing their commercial brand. Based on the concepts of quality, the study examines the elements of the SERVQUAL model: tangibles, reliability, responsiveness, security and empathy. Goals: This research analyzes how small and medium-sized women's clothing companies (SMEs) strategically use Facebook to engage customers and disseminate the quality of their services.Metodology: Information was obtained from 104 women's clothing SMEs from the cities of Colima and Villa de Álvarez, in Mexico. Regarding the method of multinominal logistic regression analysis. Contributios: The suggest that the quality of the service is positively influenced by the publication of visual content (specifically, photographs) and by the publication during the weekends. The publication frequency did not have a statistically significant effect on the quality of the service. The study also shows that the majority of SMEs in this market segment do not use Facebook with a social media strategy. Only 25% of the SMEs in the sample used Facebook with a digital marketing strategy.
Trainning profiles in motion sensor, facial expression, and mental commands for Emotiv Epoc+ in indicator LEDs interface
Authors: Juárez-Rios Higinio , Carrera-Rodrígue Marcelino , Estrada-Gutiérrez Juan C , Cano-Lara Miroslava
Published: May 2023

The study of the gyroscope method, facial expressions and mental commands using the Emotiv Epoc+ headset for driving indicator led is presented. The analog electrical signal provided by the inertial gyroscope located in the Emotiv headset, with the XY angular displacement and PITCH and JAW rotation, as well as the electrical pulses of cranial nerve VII associated with facial expressions and finally the extraction of the EEG signal acquired from the user's brain, are used to activate the output of indicator leds by developing a control program using Xavier Control Panel, Xavier Emokey and Visual Studio software. The electrical activation by means of the Emotiv Epoc+ headset favors several applications that can be explained with the leds and Arduino nano board interface.
Teacher evaluation is myth or reality for teaching innovation
Authors: Salinas-Aguirre María del Consuelo , Hernández-Cueto Jaquelina Lizet , Chares Meza Angel Gerardo
Published: May 2023

Many teachers have a culturally learned negative perception of teacher evaluation. The objective of this research is to measure teachers' perceptions regarding the evaluation of pedagogical performance, as a basis for educational innovation. Teachers are influenced by negative cultural learning and/or internal fears of evaluation. Research methodology: the design is quantitative, non-experimental, the data collection is transactional with a piloted instrument that contains 136 variables in three axes: evaluation of the professional teaching service, commitment and labor innovation, and quality of teaching. Randomly 392 teachers are measured. The analysis is descriptive; Correlational and Principal Components. The conclusions reflect the current educational paradigm, unfavorable learned attitudes towards evaluation and fear of being exposed with evaluations, arguing that they focus on theory and omit professional praxis. Contribution of results. The relevance of evaluating teaching work is underlined, as support for teaching-learning innovations towards new hybrid pedagogical models. Teacher training focuses on changing positive attitudes towards job evaluation, as a factor "ä priori" for educational innovation. The importance of motivating teaching commitment and research to innovate learning models by transforming post-pandemic paradigms.
Dehydration: An efficient process for ensuring food conservation in vulnerable regions
Authors: González-Rosas Angelina , Ortega-Marin Blanca Andrea , González-Islas Juan Carlos , Godínez-Garrido Gildardo
Published: May 2023

Approximately 860 million people throughout the world currently live in extreme hunger and poverty due to income reductions, unemployment, and layoffs from the COVID-19 pandemic, all of which disproportionately affect disadvantaged homes (Unated Nations, 2022). One of the objectives of the World Bank (2022) for 2030 is to end extreme poverty and promote shared prosperity. In Mexico, there are 55.7 million people in poverty, extreme poverty, high or very high marginalization, and vulnerable situations on account of lack of food, healthcare, housing, and employment (CONEVAL, 2020). However, there is no immediate solution to rid the world of poverty and food shortage. In this project, we propose to combat the issue of poverty and food inequality with a system for conserving food that takes advantage of the solar energy available in the most disadvantaged and marginalized regions. The solar dehydration used to naturally dry fruits, vegetables, and animal proteins after the harvest will contribute to the food supply, do no harm to the environment, and create an alternative job source.
Storm surge forecast calculus on the Mexican Pacific coast using SWASH numerical model
Authors: Aguilera-Méndez José María , Juárez-Toledo Carlos , Calderón-Maya Juan Roberto , Martínez-Carrillo Irma
Published: May 2023

Storm surge is a phenomenon that occurs on coasts with a higher incidence in the rainy season. The factors that promote its appearance are the wind and the tide whose force has been sometimes catastrophic. The objective of the study is to provide a storm surge forecast using the SWASH numerical model for some points on the Mexican Pacific coast. The approach of the experiment refers to previous works that use the infrastructure and data available from NOAA and SEMAR; the use of unstructured meshes used in a wave model to conclude in a beach wave model. In the validation of the results, the tide gauges of the study locations will be used; with the feedback obtained, the necessary adjustments are expected until the model has at least 60% correct measurements. Some authors agree that global warming affects the power with which the phenomenon has been manifesting itself, so that the development of technology could help minimize the consequences.
Preparation of catalytic materials for obtaining Acrylic Acid from Ethylene and Carbon Dioxide
Authors: Canul-Cemé Carina Ivonne , Conejo-Flores Ricardo , García-González Juan Manuel , Guzmán-Pantoja Javier
Published: May 2023

The environmental problems caused by carbon dioxide emissions, as well as its accumulation in the atmosphere, have forced the scientific community to implement methods to reduce said emissions, as well as to seek alternatives for their use, one of which is in the chemical synthesis; simultaneously, catalysts with various materials that facilitate their activation have been developed. The following research paper presents the synthesis of catalysts for obtaining acrylic acid from carbon dioxide and ethylene. The materials used are transition metals: nickel and cobalt, from the salts NiSO4•(NH4)2SO4•6H2O (ammonium sulfate and nickel hexahydrate) and CoCl2•6H2O (cobalt chloride hexahydrate). During the procedure, nickel is impregnated in a polymeric material and absorbed in a clayey material; both metals are subjected to a chemical reduction process. To verify the composition of the material, a scanning electron microscopy/X-ray energy dispersive spectrometry analysis was performed for allthe obtained materials. The results presented here are initial in the research, so the reaction to obtain the acrylic acid is not yet studied in depth. The proposed materials and gathered information are a good starting point for future research.
Production of volatile compounds and lipopeptides as antagonistic mechanisms of two Bacillus strains towards phytopathogenic fungi
Authors: Ramírez-Martínez Javier , Pacheco-Aguilar Juan Ramiro
Published: May 2023

Phytopathogenic fungi are one of the main causes of diseases that affect agricultural production. For their control, in recent years, biological alternatives have been developed, such as the use of antagonistic microorganisms that produce inhibitory molecules towards these fungi, exerting a biocontrol effect. In the present study, Bacillus licheniformis Q19 and Bacillus subtilis Q20 strains were characterized for their ability to inhibit in vitro the mycelial growth of Rhizoctonia solani, Fusarium oxysporum, Sclerotium rolfsii, Colletotrichum gloesporoides and Phytophthora spp. The results of dual cultures show that only Q20 inhibited the pathogens in a range from 33.3 to 50.6 %, being A. alternata who presented the greatest inhibition. A positive test for hemolysis, which is related to the lipopeptide production, indicates that these molecules could probably be involved in the fungal inhibition. Later, assays in plates overlapping, where the study microorganisms are not in the same culture médium, showed that Q19 and Q20 produce volatile compunds, capable of inhibiting A. alternata and S. rolfsii by 72.4 and 56.3 %, respectively. In conclusion, Q19 and Q20 produce lipopeptides and/or volatile compounds with activity against phythopathogenic fungi as biocontrol mechanisms.
THREE-DIMENSIONAL RECONSTRUCTION AND CHARACTER EXTRACTION OF CORN PLANTS BASED ON KINECT SENSOR
Authors: SUN Yuanyuan , WANG Xuchang , ZHANG Kaixing
Published: May 2023

Aiming at the problems of low precision, strong subjectivity, and continuous measurement in the current measurement methods of corn phenotypic traits, a method of measuring corn phenotypic traits with high precision, low cost, easy carrying and continuous measurement was proposed. Firstly, the three-dimensional scanning device Kinect 2.0 is used to collect corn information and process and reconstruct the collected point cloud. Then, the stem and leaf point clouds were segmented by straight-through filtering, ellipse fitting and region growth segmentation. Finally, the phenotypic parameters of corn were obtained by triangulation and plane fitting for the segmented corn leaves, and the accuracy was analyzed. The results showed that the accuracy of corn plant height was 97.622 %, the average relative error of stem long axis was 9.46 %, the average relative error of stem short axis was 11.17 %, and the accuracy of leaf area was 95.577 %. Studies have shown that this method provides a new method for continuous measurement of phenotypic traits in corn.
DESIGN AND EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF A SMART TREE WHITEWASH DEVICE BASED ON HUMAN–COMPUTER INTERACTION
Authors: WANG Haichao , ZONG Zheying , QIN Yi , DU Yingjie , WANG Zhen , ZHANG Chunhui
Published: May 2023

Tree whitewash has the functions of parasite prevention and cold protection and is therefore commonly used in the maintenance and management of trees. At present, tree whitewash mainly relies on manual operation, which has the problems of low efficiency, poor quality, and uneven distribution of the whitewash agent. To address this issue, this study developed a smart tree whitewash device based on human–computer interaction. The device was controlled mainly by a programmable logic controller (PLC). Once the trunk information collected by sensors was received by the PLC, it would control the up and down motions of the ball screw to manipulate the mechanical arm for whitewash. In addition, a Mitsubishi GT12 touch screen was adopted to facilitate system operation. Subsequently, a whitewash experiment was performed on poplar trunks with lengths of 10–35 cm using three different whitewash devices, i.e., a backpack sprayer, a semi-automatic tree sprayer, and the proposed smart tree whitewash device; the efficiency and the amount of whitewash agents used were compared. The results suggested that as the tree diameter at breast height increased, the amount of required whitewash agent elevated accordingly. In this case, the time required by the backpack sprayer and the semiautomatic tree sprayer to complete the job both increased, whereas that required by the smart tree whitewash device remained almost identical. In terms of work efficiency, the time required by the smart whitewash device to whitewash a tree was 109.89 s, which was approximately 1/2 of the time required by the backpack sprayer or 2/3 of that required by the semiautomatic tree spraying device. Meanwhile, the amount of whitewash agent required by the smart whitewash device to whitewash a tree was 140.23 g, which was approximately 0.46 of the amount required by the backpack sprayer or 0.74 of that required by the semiautomatic tree spraying device. Therefore, it was concluded that the proposed smart tree whitewash device could not only improve the work efficiency of tree whitewash but also greatly reduce the amount of whitewash agent required, thereby decreasing the cost and minimising environmental pollution. This study provides theoretical guidance and technical support for future research on smart tree whitewash devices.
Analisis Faktor-Faktor Sosial Ekonomi yang Berpengaruh Terhadap Pendapatan Usaha Industri Gula Aren di Kecamatan Selupu Rejang
Authors: Yanuarti Mira , Apriyanti Cikit , Prisdinawati Dwita , Milanda B Putri
Published: May 2023

TGula aren merupakan salah satu produk unggulan yang ada di Kecamatan Selupu Rejang jumlahpelaku usaha industri gula aren terus meningkat pada setiap tahun, pada tahun 2019 sebanyak768,88 ton tahun 2020 sebanyak 991,63 ton dan tahun 2021 sebanyak 1.509,126 ton. Penelitianini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor sosial ekonomi yang berpengaruh terhadap pendapatanusaha industri gula aren di Kecamatan Selupu Rejang. Pendekatan kuantitatif digunakan padapenelitian ini. Penelitian ini dilakukan pada Januari 2022 berlokasi di Kecamatan Selupu Rejang.Penentuan responden pada penelitian ini menggunakan metode Slovin. Responden sejumlah 30pelaku usaha industri gula aren. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah data primer dandata sekunder. Pengambilan data dilakukan dengan wawancara kepada responden denganmengggunakan kuesioner terstruktur. Analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan variabel dummy yaitu usia, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, modal,tingkat pendidikan formal dan nonformal yang pernah diikuti oleh pelaku usaha gula aren baikyang dilaksanakan oleh lembaga pemerintah maupun nonpemerintah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitiandiperoleh persamaan Y = -88.941 + 0.01 X1 - 1.663 X2+0.077 X3 + 0.444X4 + 2.311Di + e .sedangkan pada hasil uji t-hitung diketahui bahwa variabel modal (X3), Pendidikan formal (X4)dan pendidikan nonformal (D5) berpengaruh nyata terhadap pendapatan dan hasil uji F-hitung6.167 lebih besar dibandingkan nilai F-tabel 3.32 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapatpengaruh nyata variabel usia, jumlah tanggungan keluarga, modal, tingkat pendidikan formal dannonformal terhadap pendapatan.
Analisis Kemandirian Belajar Matematika Siswa Kelas VIII SMP Negeri 1 Kota Baru
Authors: Sari Nurlaela Windiya , Nur Iyan Rosita Dewi
Published: May 2023

Permasalahan yang sering ditemukan dalam pembelajaran matematika adalah seringkali siswa ketergantungan dengan orang lain dalam mengerjakan tugas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kemandirian belajar siswa pada pembelajaran matematika. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian dengan jenis pendekatan kualitatif dan metode yang digunakan adalah metode deskriptif. Pemilihan subjek penelitian menggunakan purposive sampling sehingga diperoleh banyak subjek yang diteliti adalah 5 siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan angket kemandirian belajar, wawancara, dan observasi. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan yaitu model interaktif menurut Miles&Huberman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan subjek 5 dapat mengidentifikasi kesalahan dalam penyelesaian tugas matematika, subjek 2 perlu dorongan dari orang lain ketika belajar matematika dan merasa kurang yakin ketika mengerjakan soal tes matematika, subjek 3 dapat meyelesaikan tugas matematika yang sulit dengan baik, akan tetapi subjek 3 kurang dalam mencari sumber belajar untuk lebih memahami materi pelajaran matematika yang sedang dipelajari, Subjek 4 memiliki kemauan belajar sendiri tetapi kurang memperbanyak latihan soal dan  ia  hanya menggunakan sumber belajar yang digunakan oleh guru saja. Subjek 1 malas dalam mengerjakan tugas matematika dan merasa cemas dalam belajar matematika
Surface modification of sputtered NiOx hole transport layer for CH3NH3PbI3 perovskite solar cells
Authors: Yanagida Masatoshi , Nakamura Tensho , Yoshida Tsukasa , Khadka Dhruba B. , Shirai Yasuhiro , Miyano Kenjiro
Published: May 2023

The modification of the sputtered NiOx (x ≧ 1)/CH3NH3PbI3 interface by 2-(3,6-dimethoxy-9H-carbazol-9-yl) ethyl] phosphonic acid (MeO-2PACz) considerably enhances the power conversion efficiency of perovskite solar cells whose structure is ITO/NiOx/CH3NH3PbI3/[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM)/aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO)/Ag. In devices without MeO-2PACz, the internal quantum efficiency (IQE) above 450 nm increases with the increase in NiOx thickness from 4 to 53 nm, although even in the thickest case, the IQE never reaches 90%. On the other hand, devices with MeO-2PACz modified NiOx show thickness-insensitive IQE of ca. 90%. We propose that (1) MeO-2PACz effectively fills the pinholes in thinner NiOx and (2) it passivates the carrier trapping/recombination defects at the NiOx/perovskite interface.
Percepção Sensível em Descartes
Authors: Landim Filho Raul Ferreira
Published: May 2023

Neste artigo procuramos analisar e responder a três questões: [a] As sensações são apenas estados mentais? [b] São as sensações estados mentais intencionais, isto é, percepções sensíveis? [c] São as percepções sensíveis ideias sensíveis? Para responder a estas questões, analisamos as condições corporais das sensações, a expressão destas condições na mente e mostramos sob que condições as sensações são percepções intencionais e sob que condições percepções intencionais podem ser consideradas como ideias.
O realismo transcendental e os fundamentos da terceira antinomia da Crítica da Razão Pura
Authors: Louzado Gerson Luiz
Published: May 2023

O propósito deste artigo consiste em examinar alguns dos princípios subjacentes às diferentes formas que o realismo transcendental pode assumir e seu papel na constituição, particularmente, da terceira antinomia da Crítica da Razão Pura. Procura-se mostrar que, correlativamente aos diferentes modos pelos quais espaço e tempo podem ser considerados como dados em si (independentemente de nossa sensibilidade), engendram-se diferentes confusões entre coisas e representações e entre princípios e domínios operatórios das faculdades cognitivas, confusões estas que se encontram na base da ilusão transcendental envolvida na asserção, por seus partidários, de tese e antítese da antinomia. AbstractThe paper investigates some principles of transcendental realism and their role in the third antinomy of the Critique of Pure Reason. We try to show that things and representations, as well as distinctive types of faculties, are differently confl ated according to diff erent ways in which space and time are said independent of our sensibility. We try to explain the diff erent claims of partisans of thesis and antithesis in the third antinomy based on these different ways in which things and representations, and cognitive principles, collapse.
Juizos infinitos e determinação em Kant
Authors: Altmann Sílvia
Published: May 2023

O objetivo desse artigo é apresentar uma sugestão de compreensão das diferenças e relações entre juízos afirmativos, negativos e infinitos segundo Kant e indicar em que medida tais relações podem contribuir para a compreensão do modo pelo qual a razão prática pode, indo além da razão teórica, alcançar alguma determinação do "eu" do ponto de vista numenal. AbstractWe offer an interpretation of the differences and relations between affirmative, negative and infinite judgments according to Kant and suggest how these relations shed light in the way practical reason could, beyond theoretical reason, attain a determination of the "self" from the noumenal point of view.
Strawson sobre o juízo estético em Kant
Authors: F¶rster Eckard
Published: May 2023

Este artigo parte da leitura que Strawson faz de Kant para enfatizar, a partir do Opus Posthumum, a autonomia da terceira crítica e do juízo reflexivo enquanto princípio novo e irredutível aos princípios regulativos da razão na primeira crítica. AbstractThis paper starts with an homage to Strawson's reading of Kant and emphasizes, based on the Opus Posthumum, the autonomy of the Third Critique and of the principle of reflexive judgment as a new and independent principle which cannot be reduced to any of the regulative principles in the Critique of Pure Reason.
Uma teoria dos signos e das afecções: Guilherme de Ockham e os fundamentos da crítica à teoria das species
Authors: De Oliveira Carlos Eduardo
Published: May 2023

Lendo o triângulo semiótico aristotélico, apresentado em Sobre a interpretação (c. 1, 16a 3-9), Ockham reformula a relação entre os elementos deste triângulo fazendo com que as palavras faladas e escritas sejam signos imediatos das coisas ao serem signos subordinados da afecção da alma. Essa operação ockhamiana parece apenas se fazer possível porque Ockham assume que a afecção intelectual à qual o Sobre a interpretação faz referência seja a própria apreensão que o intelecto tem das coisas. Como conseqüência disso, temos a assunção de duas teses concorrentes: a de que toda apreensão intelectual é potencialmente um termo mental, e a de que não há a necessidade de qualquer intermediário entre a sensação e a intelecção para a apreensão das coisas materiais, isto é, não há a necessidade da mediação de uma espécie inteligível para a apreensão dos singulares. AbstractReading the Aristotelian Semiotic Triangle on De interpretatione (c. 1, 16a 3-9), Ockham gives a new formulation to it, making the spoken and written words immediate signs of things as far as they are made subordinated signs of intellectual affections. The only reason that seems to make this operation possible seems to be the fact that Ockham assumes that the intellectual affection to which the De interpretatione makes reference isn't anything different from the apprehension that the intellect has of things. As a consequence of that, we have the assumption of two coordinated thesis: that every intellectual apprehension is potentially a mental term, and that there's no need of any intermediation between sensation and intellection to the apprehension of the material things, in other words, that there's no need of an intellectual species to the apprehension of single entities.
William Crathorn on predication and mental language
Authors: Robert Aurélien
Published: May 2023

Guilherme de Crathorn é bem conhecido por suas posições provocativas sobre vários importantes temas de filosofia e de teologia de seu tempo. O presente artigo aborda a teoria nominalista de Crathorn sobre a linguagem mental com o intuito de mostrar que ela se encaixa em sua teoria do conhecimento mais geral e sistemática, mas também que ela traz problemas que dizem respeito à natureza da predicação mental. Com efeito, contrariando Guilherme de Ockham, Crathorn afirma que não há uma linguem mental natural. Seres humanos podem possuir representações naturais, mas seus pensamentos linguísticos têm sempre um sentido convencional  proveniente de linguagens convencionais. Após ter inventado palavras escritas e faladas em numa linguagem particular, a mente humana é capaz de formar algumas representações naturais dessas palavras. Mas essas representações não significam o que elas representam, mas o que é significado pelas palavras que elas representam. Nós evidenciamos dois problemas fundamentais nessa teoria: 1) ela é incapaz de oferecer uma explicação coerente das diferenças entre os termos mentais que correspondem ao sujeito, à cópula e ao predicado; 2) ela não pode explicar como palavras podem estar por diferentes coisas em vários contextos proposicionais (a suppositio dos termos). De fato, Crathorn não pode manter a distinção entre suposição simples e material, isto é, as situações nais quais um termos está por um conceitos ou por uma ocorrência material da palavra, como se dá com o termo-sujeito nas seguintes proposições: "cavalo é um conceito" e "cavalo é uma palavra". AbstractWilliam Crathorn is well known for his provocative views on many important philosophical and theological issues of his time. This paper focusses on Crathorn's nominalist theory of mental language, in order to show that it enters in his more general and systematic theory of knowledge, but also that it raises some problems concerning the nature of mental predication. Indeed, contrary to William of Ockham, he affirms that there is no natural mental language. Human beings may have natural representations, but their linguistic thoughts always have a conventional meaning coming from conventional languages. After having invented spoken and written words in a particular language, the human mind is able to form some natural representations of theses words. But these representations do not mean what they represent, but what is signified by the words they represent. We argue that there are two major problems with this theory: 1) it cannot give a coherent account of the differences between the mental terms corresponding to the subject, the copula and the predicate; 2) it cannot explain how words can stand for different things in various propositional contexts (thesuppositio of terms). Indeed, Crathorn cannot maintain the distinction between material and simple supposition, i.e. the situations where a term stands for a concept or for an material occurrence of the word, such as the subject term in the following propositions: "horse is a concept" and "horse is a word".
Habermas e a Questão do Realismo Moral
Authors: Saturnino Braga Antonio Frederico
Published: May 2023

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a afirmação de Cristina Lafont de que a ética do discurso precisa se comprometer com uma concepção extra-epistêmica (realista) da justiça. A discussão parte de uma análise dos diversos tipos de discurso prático identificados por Habermas: discurso pragmático, discurso ético-político, discurso moral e negociação procedimentalmente regulada; com ênfase na diferença entre o discurso moral e o discurso de negociação. Com base no esclarecimento dessa última diferença, defende-se a tese de que Lafont não tem razão ao atribuir um comprometimento realista à ética do discurso, embora sua posição possa ser útil em uma análise que focalize o procedimento discursivo como um processo de aprendizagem, envolvendo a transição entre duas formas de se efetivar a condição procedimental da imparcialidade. Abstract:The aim of this paper is to discuss Cristina Lafont's thesis that discourse ethics is commited with an extra-epistemic (realist) conception of justice. The discussion starts with an analysis of the different kinds of practical discourse identified by Habermas: pragmatic discourse, ethical-political discourse, moral discourse and procedurally regulated bargaining; with emphasis on the difference between moral discourse and bargaining discourse. Based on the clarification of this last difference, I defend the thesis that Lafont is not entitled to assign a realist involvement to discourse ethics, albeit her position could be useful in an analysis that focuses on the discursive procedure as a learning process, involving a transition between two ways of fulfilling the procedural condition of impartiality.
Kant e a Discursividade do Entendimento
Authors: Beckenkamp Joãosinho
Published: May 2023

Entre os fundamentos da filosofia crítica de Kant, encontra-se a concepção de conceito alcançada por volta de 1770, cuja consequência mais impactante é a tese da discursividade do intelecto humano. O presente artigo procura situar esta tese no duplo contexto histórico e de formação do pensamento kantiano, concluindo pela apresentação sumária de suas consequências para o discurso filosófico em geral. Abstract:Among the main foundations of Kant's critical philosophy there is his conception of concept, reached about 1770, a conception that has as more important consequence the thesis of the discursivity of human intelect. This paper aims to mark the place of this thesis in a double context of Kant's thought, both historical and formative. As conclusion it presents briefly some consequences of discursivity for philosophy as a whole.
Popper e o problema da predição prática
Authors: De Carvalho Eros Moreira
Published: May 2023

O problema da predição racional, lançado por Wesley Salmon, é sem dúvida o calcanhar de Aquiles do método crítico preconizado por Popper. Neste artigo, avalio a resposta que tanto Popper quanto o popperiano Alan Musgrave deram a este problema. Ambas as respostas são inadequadas e, assim, a conclusão de Salmon é reforçada: sem apelar à indução, não há como fazer da predição prática uma ação racional. Além disso, o método crítico precisa ser vindicado se se pretende que a sua aplicação seja adequada para a preferência de hipóteses. Argumento que a natureza desta vindicação é tal que ela também pode ser aplicada à indução. Assim, ser um popperiano é uma boa razão para ser também um indutivista. Abstract:The problem of rational prediction, launched by Wesley Salmon, is without doubt the Achilles heel of the critical method defended by Popper. In this paper, I assess the response given both by Popper and by the popperian Alan Musgrave to this problem. Both responses are inadequate and thus the conclusion of Salmon is reinforced: without appeal to induction, there is no way to make of the practical prediction a rational action.Furthermore, the critical method needs to be vindicated if one pretends that its application be suitable for the preference of hypothesis.I argue that the nature of this vindication is such that it may be applied also to induction. Thus, to be a popperian is a good reason also to be an inductivist.Recebido em 01/2013Aprovado em 03/2013
Hilemorfismo, essência e definição: acordos e desacordos do debate medieval
Authors: Guerizoli Rodrigo
Published: May 2023

Abordarei neste texto certos aspectos da relação entre hilemorfismo, essência e definição em autores-chave dos séculos XIII e XIV. Dois são os traços daquela relação aos quais fundamentalmente me aterei: explorarei as possibilidades que marcam tentativas medievais de se enxergar na estrutura composta das definições um correlato da estrutura composta dos entes materiais; em seguida, buscarei analisar a discussão em torno a certas estratégias que pretenderam fixar o modo como a complexidade das definições se refere à complexidade dos compostos hilemórficos aos quais fazem referência. Abstract:In this text I would like to address some aspects of the relation between hylomorphism, essence, and definition among key authors of the 13th and 14thcenturies. There are two aspects of this relation which I will particularly address: I will explore, first, the possibilities that mark the medieval attempts to glimpse in the compound structure of the definitions a faithful correlate of the compound structure of material entities, and, next, I will seek to analyze the discussion regarding certain strategies that intend to fix the mode in which the complexity of definitions refers to the complexity of the hylomorphic compounds to which they make reference.Recebido em 05/20103Aprovado em 06/2013
A singularidade como raiz da contingência em Leibniz: considerações críticas acerca da solução de Couturat ao problema da contingência em Leibniz
Authors: Marques Edgar
Published: May 2023

Analiso e crítico neste artigo a solução que Couturat apresenta para o problema da contingência em Leibniz, segundo a qual a singularidade constitui a raiz da contingência. Mostro que essa concepção implica duas teses, a saber: (1) que não há prova a priori de nenhuma proposição que expresse a atribuição de um predicado a um indivíduo, e (2) que são contingentes todas as proposições acerca de indivíduos possíveis. Mostro, em seguida, que essas duas teses são insustentáveis no interior da metafísica leibniziana, devendo, portanto ser rejeitada a interpretação de Couturat. Abstract:In this paper I analyze and criticize Couturat's solution to the problem of contingence in Leibniz's philosophy. According to this conception the singularity constitutes the root of contingence. I show that this interpretation implies two theses, namely: (1) that there is no a priori truth of a proposition concerning the attribution of a predicate to an individual; (2) that all propositions about possible individuals are contingent. After that I show that these two theses are unsustainable in the leibnitian metaphysics. Couturat's interpretation must then be rejected.Recebido em 08/20103Aprovado em 09/2013
Do real ao singular pela mediação do universal
Authors: Landim Filho Raul Ferreira
Published: May 2023

Tomás de Aquino afirma que o intelecto humano pode conhecer indiretamente o singular material por uma certa reflexão, graças à conversão à imagem sensível (phantasma). O artigo analisa e questiona a relação entre as noções de 'certa reflexão' e 'conversão ao fantasma', tendo em vista as afirmações de Tomás de que [a] o intelecto humano não pode conhecer direta e primeiramente o singular material; [b] no presente estado da vida não há intelecção em ato sem conversão à imagem sensível; [c] a imagem sensível é uma similitude de um singular material; [d] o conhecimento pelo intelecto do singular material envolve uma espécie de reflexão que é diferente da reflexão constitutiva de todo ato judicativo direto. O artigo procura mostrar as dificuldades para harmonizar estas afirmações no contexto da epistemologia tomista. Abstract Thomas Aquinas says that the human intellect can know indirectly the singular in the material things turning to the sensible images (convertendo se ad phantasmata) by a kind of reflection. This article analyses the relationship between the notions of "turning to the sensible images" and "a kind of reflection" in view of Aquinas's affirmations that [a] the human intellect cannot know directly and primarily the singular in material things; [b] it is impossible for the human intellect to understand anything actually without turning to the sensible images; [c] the sensible image is the likeness of an individual thing; [d] the knowledge of the singular material assumes a kind of reflection different from the reflection assumed by the direct judgments. I show the difficulty in harmonizing these statements in the conceptual framework of Thomistic epistemology. Recebido em 07/04 Aprovado em 08/04