bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Princípios contratuais e exigência de fundamentação das decisões: boa-fé e função social do contrato à luz do CPC/2015
Authors: Konder Carlos Nelson
Published: January 2017

O artigo analisa o impacto da introdução, pelo Código de Processo Civil de 2015, de parâmetros para que se possa avaliar a adequada fundamentação de uma decisão judicial sobre a aplicação dos princípios contratuais, mais especificamente, a boa-fé e a função social do contrato. Parte das contribuições da teoria da argumentação contemporânea, incorporadas pela doutrina processualista, em especial no que tange a estruturas normativas, como princípios, cláusulas gerais e conceitos indeterminados. Dedica-se, então, à observação de uma amostragem de decisões judiciais representativa das críticas doutrinárias, que afirmam a ocorrência de invocação meramente retórica dos princípios contratuais, como forma apenas de avalizar o entendimento pessoal do intérprete. Ao final, sinaliza instrumentos para que o intérprete possa se desincumbir mais adequadamente do ônus argumentativo de fundamentação das decisões, por meio de topoi discursivos sugeridos doutrinariamente ou positivados constitucionalmente, tal como as chamadas especializações funcionais ou figuras parcelares da boa-fé e os bens jurídicos referidos pelo constituinte aptos a dar conteúdo à função social do contrato, como educação, saúde, moradia e meio ambiente.
Recent Advances in Endometrial Cancer
Authors: Tran Arthur-Quan , Gehrig Paola
Published: January 2017

Endometrial cancer is the most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States, with yearly rates continuing to increase. Most women present with early stage disease; however, advanced disease carries a grave prognosis. As a result, novel therapies are currently under investigation for the treatment of endometrial cancer. These advances include a better understanding of the genetic basis surrounding the development of endometrial cancer, novel surgical therapies, and new molecular targets for the treatment of this disease. This review explores the literature regarding these advancements in endometrial cancer.
From the microbiome to the central nervous system, an update on the epidemiology and pathogenesis of bacterial meningitis in childhood
Authors: Janowski Andrew B , Newland Jason G
Published: January 2017

In the past century, advances in antibiotics and vaccination have dramatically altered the incidence and clinical outcomes of bacterial meningitis. We review the shifting epidemiology of meningitis in children, including after the implementation of vaccines that target common meningitic pathogens and the introduction of intrapartum antibiotic prophylaxis offered to mothers colonized withStreptococcus agalactiae. We also discuss what is currently known about the pathogenesis of meningitis. Recent studies of the human microbiome have illustrated dynamic relationships of bacterial and viral populations with the host, which may potentiate the risk of bacterial meningitis.
Rituximab therapy in pemphigus and other autoantibody-mediated diseases
Authors: Ran Nina A. , Payne Aimee S.
Published: January 2017

Rituximab, a monoclonal antibody targeting the B cell marker CD20, was initially approved in 1997 by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Since that time, rituximab has been FDA-approved for rheumatoid arthritis and vasculitides such as granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis. Additionally, rituximab has been used off-label in the treatment of numerous other autoimmune diseases, with notable success in pemphigus, an autoantibody-mediated skin blistering disease. The efficacy of rituximab therapy in pemphigus has spurred interest in its potential to treat other autoantibody-mediated diseases. This review summarizes the efficacy of rituximab in pemphigus and examines its off-label use in other select autoantibody-mediated diseases.
Recent Advances in Understanding, Diagnosing, and Treating Ovarian Cancer
Authors: Mills Kathryn , Fuh Katherine
Published: January 2017

Ovarian cancer, a term that encompasses ovarian, fallopian, and peritoneal cancers, is the leading cause of gynecologic cancer mortality. To improve patient outcomes, the field is currently focused on defining the mechanisms of cancer formation and spread, early diagnosis and prevention, and developing novel therapeutic options. This review summarizes recent advances in these areas.
Materials on multicellular parasites fauna of the ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus Linnaeus, 1758 (Pisces: Percidae) from the Saratov water basin
Authors: Минеева  , Mineeva O.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. Data on the species composition of the fauna of multicellular parasites and the infection rates of the pope ruffe Gymnocephalus cernuus Linnaeus, 1758 from Mordovian floodplain of the Saratov reservoir (the middle part) are pesented. Materials and methods. 53 ruffe individuals were investigated in spring and summer 2012 – 2015 by incomplete parasitological post-mortem examination (Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya, 1985). 19 species of multicellular parasites belonging to 7 classes: Monogenea - 1, Cestoda - 1, Trematoda - 11, Nematoda - 3, Acanthocephala - 1, Bivalvia - 1, Crustacea – 1 were registered. The largest group are flukes; more than half of species (8) are larval forms, which is the result of bottom living of the host. The significant diversity of larval stages of helminths (8 species of trematodes and 2 species of nematodes) shows the involvement of the ruffe as an intercalary, supplementary and/or reservoir host in the circulation of parasites in fish, birds and mammals. 7 species of parasites infest the ruffe on the food chain; 12 species – using the active infestation way. Results and discussion. The studied parasite fauna contains one species narrowly specific for the ruffe (monogenea D. amphibothrium (Wagener, 1857) and 2 species typical for percoid fishes (cestoda Proteocephalus percae (Müller, 1780) and trematoda Bunodera luciopercae (Müller, 1776). 2 alien species Nicolla skrjabini (Iwanitzky, 1928) (marita) and Apophallus muehlingi (Jägerskiöld, 1898) (mtc.) whose natural habitat is limited by the rivers of the Azov-Black Sea and Baltic Sea were registered in the fauna of multicellular parasites of the ruffe from the Saratov reservoir. The most common ruffe parasites are Diplostomum and Ichthyocotylurus metacercariae metacercaria infesting fish by penetrating through the body covers. These metacercariae as well as Apophallus muehlingi metacercariae are pathogenic to fish.
Number of adult flies and their larvae at a pig farm in autumn season
Authors: Агеев  , Ageev I. , Сафиуллин  , Safiullin Rinat , Гадаева  , Gadaeva G.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: To study the abundance of adult of flies and their larvae in a pig farm in the fall two weeks before the end of the production cycle. Materials and methods: The abundance of adult flies and their larvae was investigated in September - October 2015 at the pig farm “Kuznetsovsky” of Moscow region in two sow houses and one pigsty for weaned piglets two weeks before the end of the production cycle. To calculate the number of adult flies, we have placed in each selected pigsty the flytraps (sticky tapes) “Mukholov-Proshka” produced in St. Petersburg. The trap has an adhesive base containing rosin, rubber and mineral oil. Traps were placed at 1 and 2 m from the floor, six traps in each room. The number of adhered insects was calculated at the laboratory of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of animals and plants named after K.I. Skryabin, 24 hours after placement of traps. To calculate the number of fly larvae and pupae, in cooperation with the pig farm veterinary service the scrapings were taken from the floor with dimensions of 10 × 10 cm (six scrapings from each pigsty). Scrapings with the mass of 3-5 g were placed into individual plastic minicontainers with a particular number and delivered to the laboratory of the Institute for examination. Results and discussion: The study on initial number of adult flies and their larvae conducted two weeks before the end of the previous technological cycle showed a significant insect number at different heights from the floor. In the first pigsty, the number of flies in a flytrap (at a height of 1 and 2 m from the floor) ranged from 199 to 286 ind. Calculated 24 hours after the placement of flytraps; the average number was 257 individuals. In the second pigsty, the number of flies ranged from 108 to 198 individuals; the average number was 147individuals. In the pigsty for weaning piglets, one day after the placement of traps, the number of adult flies in one flytrap ranged from 162 to 286 individuals, and the average number was 249 individuals. The average number of fly larvae in one tested sample taken from the floor of a pigsty was 267 and 118 individuals, and in a pigsty for weaning piglets - 29 individuals.
Distribution of Diphyllobothrium latum in the populations of pike in lakes of Transbaikalia
Authors: Жепхолова  , Zhepkholova O. , Дугаров  , Dugarov Zh. , Толочко  , Tolochko L.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. The aim of the study was to explore the degree of contamination of pike and other fish species, plerosarcoidoma Diphyllobothrium latum in water bodies of the Baikal region. Materials and methods. In 2009-2014 was conducted parasitological study on infestation role of the D. latum plerocercoids of various species of fish. Just investigated 20 specimens of pike, 38 – burbot, 91 – perch and ruff 73 specimens in lakes of the North-Eastern part of Transbaikalia, located located in different districts of the Republic of Buryatia. The infection of fish with plerocercoids of D. latum were evaluated by extensiveness (EI), the abundance index (EI) and the intensity of infection (AI). Results and discussion. The pike infestation with plerocercoids of D. latum in lake. Goose in 2013-2014 decreased in 3 times compared with a maximum in 1973-1974 and was 0.8 % most Often, the D. latum plerocercoids are localized in the adipose tissue, the gonads, the wall of the swim bladder, liver, peritoneal epithelium, muscle, the wall of the stomach and the villagesince respectively 40,9 %; 13,8; 9,1; 9,1; 9,1; 4,5; 4,5; 4,5 and 4.5 % of cases. In Transbaikalia the fish parasitize three species of tapeworms, of which the epidemiological importance of the D. latum, D. dendriticum. D. ditremum in humans does not develop until the adult stage. In the region annually celebrate 150-450 cases of difillobotrioza in humans. In the basin of the Selenga river is-the reputed source of human infection by difillobotrioza are pike and perch, the infected with its good-Azerbaijani D. latum and the Baikal omul Coregonus migratorius infected with D. dendriticum. EI Baikal omul D. dendriticum is 62.3-100 %, and IO – 4,0-9,8 copies of This cestode is brought in the Selenga river from oz. The Baikal in the autumn spawning of Arctic Cisco. On owasco-FDI sample of human feces is impossible to distinguish the species D. latum and D. dendriticum. Probably in the Selenga region of Buryatia, there is a hotbed of difillobotrios caused by these two species of cestodes.
Diagnostics of trichinosis in the early stages of larval development
Authors: Скворцова  , Skvortsova F. , Успенский  , Uspenskiy A.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research. The purpose of the study is the Confirmation of the diagnosis of trichinosis depends on many factors, among which is the sampling of muscle tissue from some of the most infested parts of the carcass, method of research and the equipment used. Materials and methods. The research material were samples of muscle tissue from experimentally T. spiralis infected rats. Was infected 18 white mongrel rats weighing 90-100g at a dose of 10 l/G. For the early diagnosis of trichinosis when the rats were killed with 6 to day 24 after infection. First investigated by the compressor method available and the most affected muscles: the diaphragm, masseter and chest muscles by increasing (x 25, 50, 100). Each term is made photomicrographs of larvae on the slices. Then the samples of the hindlimb muscle mass of 50 g was investigated by automated method of peptonize apparatus Gastros. At the end of the cycle of operation of the apparatus when microscopy was considered the quantity of larvae and their morphological development. Selected larvae 16 to 18 days of age have been infected mice (bioassay). After 35-36 days carcass mice were fully exposed topatolisfor the detection of Trichinella spp. Results and discussion. When peptonize automated method muscle tissue of rats infected with larvae of T. spiralis, found that larvae aged from 10 to 15 days after infection by the method are not detected. Trichinae isolated from 16-day-old, identified by microscopy, despite the lack of size of the larvae. The massive selection of Trichinella spp. begins with the 17th day after infection, when most of the larvae reaches invasionist. Non-encapsulated trichinae 16 days of age become invasive, which showed successful infection of white mice with larvae that are highlighted after peptonize. According to the results of a biosample main mass of larvae becomes infective to 19-20 days after infection. Thus, an automated method of peptonize muscle tissue easily diagnose the infection of animals with non-encapsulated larvae of Trichinella spp. that are difficult or sometimes impossible in compressor research. Diagnosis of trichinosis by automated method is most effective when the larvae of invasionist.
Caryopathic effect of bio-preparation Bacillus subtilis 12В on the status of spermatogenic epithelium of animals infected with helminths
Authors: Сивкова  , Sivkova T. , Красникова  , Krasnikova E. , Шураков  , Shurakov S.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: to study the caryopathic effect of bio-preparation Bacillus subtilis

12В on the status of spermatogenic epithelium of white mice after a single intra-abdominal

administration of the Fasciola hepatica extract.

Materials and methods: The investigations were conducted on white male mice after oral

use of preparation Sporovite based on B. subtilis 12B; then the intra-abdominal injection of F.

hepatica extracts at a dose of 100 mkg/head was applied. The protein extract from F. hepatica

was administered to mice of the second group, and animals of the third group received only

the probiotic Sporovite. Animals of the fourth group did not get the preparation and served as

controls. 48 hours later the animals were killed; touch smears obtained from testis were stained

by the Romanovsky method and examined under a microscope what enables to determine the mitotic index and the number of pathological meiosis forms. The experiments were conducted

on lambs whose seminal vesicles were placed into a solution of 10% Formalin and examined

histologically. 2-3μ-thick slices were stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin by Van Gieson method

and examined under a microscope at 50, 400 and 1000 x magnifications.

Results and discussion: During the pathomorphological and caryomitotic studies of testis

of white mice and lambs after administration of Sporovite on the background of intra-abdominal

injection of F. hepatica extract the reduction of negative effects on the status of spermatogenic

epithelium of testis in animals wasn’t observed. A decrease in mitotic index by 2-3 times and a

high amount of pathological forms were registered. The number of metaphases with preterm

chromosome disjunction under the joint effect of F. hepatica and B. subtilis extracts has decreased

by half.
Ecological-faunistical review of fish parasites from the lake Sobach’e (putorana Plateau)
Authors: Поляева  , Polyaeva K. , Романов  , Romanov V.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: The purpose of our research was to study parasite fauna of salmonoid fishes from the lake Sobach’e (Putorana plateau) and to report its ecological and faunistic characteristics. Material and methods: 88 specimens of salmonoid fishes (herring, siberian whitefish, round whitefish, arctic grayling and dominant species of char) were collected from the lake Sobach’e in July — August 2014. Collecting, fixation and cameral treatment were carried out using the standard method of Bykhovskaya-Pavlovskaya. Statistical treatment of the data was conducted using the Quantitative Parasitology 3.0 software. Results and discussion: Data on parasite infestation of salmonoid fishes from the lake Sobach’e is provided. 29 parasite species (Myxosporea — 3, Monogenea — 2, Cestoda — 7, Trematoda — 7, Nematoda — 3, Acanthocephala — 4, Hirudinea — 1, Crustacea — 2) were found. Analysis of parasite distribution in their fish hosts was described. The lake has been classified as oligotrophic with the features of subfamilies Orthocladiinae and Pontoporane according to the concept of the parasitological typing of lakes presented by Rumyantsev E.A.
Features of helminthoses in cattle and sheep in the Kaliningrad region
Authors: Ефремов  , Efremov A.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: Parasitic diseases of which helminthoses are the most dangerous, lead to decrease in livestock numbers, milk and meat production. Therefore, the important task is to develop highly effective broad-spectrum anthelmintics, optimal doses of their application and schedules for dehelmintization taking into account epizootological features of different helminthoses.

Materials and methods: Research was carried out at livestock farms of Bagrationovsky, Gvardeysky, Guryevsky, Zelenogradsky, Nesterovsky, Krasnoznamensky, Slavsky, Gusevsky, Nemansky, Prabdinsky, Polessky, Ozersky, Chernyakhovsky districts of the Kaliningrad region. Some jobs were conducted at the Department of Zootechnics of Kaliningrad State Technical University. 680 cattle and 370 sheep heads were investigated.

Results and discussion: Monieziasis is spread in all districts of the Kaliningrad region, and causes significant economic damage to livestock. In the Kaliningrad region located in the area of over-moistening, oribatid mites appear on the soil surface in the first decade of April, then the increase in mite numbers is observed until July-August. At infestation of animals at the end of the pasture period, growth and development of helminths

is slower than in spring and summer seasons. Preventive (pre-imaginal) dehelmintizations and efficient use of pastures are leading measures for the prevention of monieziasis in ruminants.
Blood eosinophilic reaction in young sheep at experimental dictyocaulosis and after the complex therapy
Authors: Дегтяревская  , Degtyarevskaya T.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: The study of eosinophilic reaction in blood at experimental dictycaulosis of young sheep and after providing the complex therapy.

Materials and methods: The research was conducted in August- September 2013at an experimental farm «Kurilovo» in Podolsk district of Moscow region. Six mongrel lambs at 4–5 months of age, free from infection, and 18 lambs experimentally infected with Dictyocaulus filarial at gtye dose of 1000 larvae per head were investigated. 30 days after invasion, lambs were divided into 3 equal groups (6 head in each) and kept under conditions excluding the possibility of spontaneous invasion. Lambs of the first group free from infection, served as controls and did not receive the drug. Infected animas of the second group were not treated and served as controls. Lambs of the third group received Alben as 20% granulated powder at the dose of 5 mg a.i./kg (0,25 g of granules per 10 kg of body weight); the fourth group of lambs received Alben at the same dose and subcutaneously T-activin at the dose of 2 mkg/kg once a day on the 1st , 3rd and 7th day of invasion, and В-activin at the dose of 5 mkg/ kg intramusculary once a day during 5 days. Before the experiment and after 7, 15, 30 and 60 days of treatment, blood samples were taken from calves. Trilon B was used as anticoagulant. Blood eosinophil levels were measured by the standard method.

Results and discussion: Persistent blood eosinophilia was determined at experimental dictycaulosis in lambs. The level of eosinophils cannot be fully restored by dehelmintization with Alben. The full restoration of the quantity of eosinophils in blood of infected lambs occurs after the complex therapy with Alben in combination with T and В-activin.
Cercariae Opisthorchis felineus and Metorchis bilis from first intermediate hosts for the first time in basin of Chany lake (Novosibirsk region, Russia) is found
Authors: Сербина  , Serbina E.
Published: January 2017

Objective of research: to perform the analysis of long-term (15 annum) dynamics of Bithyniidae snails infected by trematode parthenites from the Chany Lake, the biggest lake in the south of Western Siberia.

Materials and methods: The Bithyniidae snails examined in the lake-river systems Chany Lake in 1994-2013 (in the middle reaches and in the estuary of the Kargat River) and in the Zolotye Rossypi Bay and the Malye Chany Lake. The Bithyniidae snails were collected from May to September (twice in any ten days) by hand from 4–6 plots of 0.25 m2 at a depth of 0.1–0.7 m. In total, 8,316 Bithynia troscheli (Paasch, 1842) and 766 В. tentaculata (L., 1758) were examined. Identification of parthenitae trematode was based on observation when mature cercariae were capable of leaving the shell of the host snail on their own.

Results and discussion: In Bithyniidae snails, we found parthenites from trematodes from 12 families Cyathocotylidae Mühling, 1898 Poche, 1925; Prosthоgonimidae Luhe, 1909; Pleurogenetidae Looss, 1898; Lecithodendriidae Odhner, 1911; Microphallidae (Ward, 1901) Travassos, 1920; Plagiorchiidae Lühe, 1901 Echinostomatidae (Looss 1899) Dietz, 1909 Odhner 1910); Psilostomidae (Looss 1900) Odhner 1913; Notocotylidae Luhe, 1909; Monorchiidae Odhner, 1911; Cyclocoelidae Kossack, 1911 и Opisthorchidae (Lass, 1899) Braun, 1901.

The prevalence of bithyniid snails infected by trematode parthenites varied from 1,6% to 24,1% in different years

The double infection by trematode parthenites was found in 0,96% bithyniid snails from estuary of the Kargat River; 4,45% in the Malye Chany Lake, and 26,6%, in the Zolotye Rossypi Bay. The cercariae of Opisthorchidae family in four annum of the fifteen detected. The prevalence of bithyniid snails infected by trematode parthenites from Opisthorchis felineus (Rivolta, 1884) and Metorchis bilis (Braun, 1890) was observed in Chany Lake systems for the first time. Both species (O. felineus and M. bilis) of trematodes have danger to human health and causes very dangerous disease, opisthorchiasis and metorchiasis.
PERSONNEL POLICY AND COSOLIDATION OF SOCIETY RISKS
Authors: Турчинов  , Turchinov Alyeksandr
Published: January 2017

The author considers the personnel policy in different subjects of management. Its constructive and destructive potential is revealed. The author gives characterization consolidating of society risks, generated by ill-considered personnel policy. The author emphasizes that the capability of human resource strategy is not quite comprehended in state governance yet. The need is stressed to employ of a holistic scientific approach to reproduction and demand for human resource capacity, what will provide personnel security of the society and the state in the conditions of human resource globalization.
FEATURES OF HIGHER PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION FINANCING IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES
Authors: Римская  , Rimskaya O. , Пальянов  , Palyanov A.
Published: January 2017

The reforms of the education system that took place in many countries have an impact on the funding of education. Decentralization of the education governing

resulted in uneven allocation of state investments and change in state participation in education. Comparison of international education financing indexes both in general and on its individual levels based on the four main indexes was carried out to define the features of education financing in the world. The problem of international comparison of education financing indexes lies in identification of the integrated index of resources’ provision on the one hand and various results of education system functioning on the other one. The research conducted shows that in order to transfer to the education model for innovative development of state and society, government of any country should make serious efforts at reforming the education system, including the change in the financing structure of education.
JOB ASSESSMENT OF EMPLOYEES OF ENGINEERING SERVICES OF DISTRICT OFFICES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRICULTURE
Authors: Митрофанова  , Mitrofanova Elena , Рассадина  , Rassadina E.
Published: January 2017

In the agricultural economics literature evaluation of employees of engineering services at various levels is rare. At the same time the importance of this issue is beyond doubt, the article provides one way of payroll employees of engineering services with the performance of their work.
Patient Portal as a Tool for Enhancing Patient Experience and Improving Quality of
Care in Primary Care Practices
Authors: Sorondo Barbara , Allen Amy , Fathima Samreen , Bayleran Janet , Sabbagh Iyad
Published: January 2017

Introduction: This study assessed whether patient portals influence patients’
ability for self-management, improve their perception of health state, improve their
experience with primary care practices, and reduce healthcare
utilization.Methods: Patients participating in a nurse-led care coordination program
received personalized training to use the portal to communicate with the care team. Data
analysis included pre-post comparison of self-efficacy (CDSES), health state (EQVAS),
functional status (PROMIS®), experience with the provider/practice (CG-CAHPS), and
healthcare utilization (admissions and ED visits).Results: A total of 94 patients were
enrolled, and 92 (Intent to Treat) were followed up for 7 months to assess their
experience, and for 12 months to assess healthcare utilization. Seventy four (mean age
60+13 years) used the portal (Users). Comparison between baseline and 7-month follow-up
showed no statistically significant improvements in self-efficacy, perception of health
state or experience with the primary care practice. Only functional status improved
significantly. ED visits/1000 patients were reduced by 26% and 21% in the Intent to
Treat and Users groups, respectively. Hospital admissions/1000 patients were reduced by
46% in the Intent to Treat group and by 38% in the Users group.Discussion: For patients
in care coordination, having access to patient portals may improve access to providers
and health data that lead to improvements in patients’ functional status and reduce
high-cost healthcare utilization, but it does not seem to improve self-efficacy,
perception of health state, or experience with primary care practices.Conclusion: In
this study, the use of patient portals improved functional status and reduced high-cost
healthcare utilization in patients with chronic conditions.
Engaging in Collaborative Research: Focus on the Pharmacy Practitioner
Authors: Badowski Melissa , Mazur Joseph E. , Lam Simon W. , Miyares Marta , Schulz Lucas , Michienzi Sarah
Published: January 2017

Research offers an opportunity for investigators to explore unanswered questions, highlight best practices, and engage in collaboration. Clinical research can engage health care professionals to identify treatments or procedures to enhance patient care, quality of life, and outcomes. Research may also include experiences in a unique practice site or teaching methodology of trainees, staff, or patients. The goal of research is to improve individual patient care via dissemination of knowledge through publications. This article aims to highlight the importance of pharmacist-led research in the academic or community medical center and the need for resident-based research and mentorship for the integration of collaborative research and achievement of organizational goals.
Impact of Sterile Compounding Batch Frequency on Pharmaceutical Waste
Authors: Abbasi Ghalib , Gay Evan
Published: January 2017

Purpose

To measure the impact of increasing sterile compounding batch frequency on pharmaceutical waste as it relates to cost and quantity.

Methods

Pharmaceutical IV waste at a tertiary care hospital was observed and recorded for 7 days. The batching frequency of compounded sterile products (CSPs) was then increased from twice daily to 4 times daily. After a washout period, pharmaceutical IV waste was then recorded for another 7 days. The quantity of units wasted and the cost were compared between both phases to determine the impact that batching frequency has on IV waste, specifically among high- and low-cost drugs.

Results

Patient days increased from 2,459 during phase 1 to 2,617 during phase 2. The total number of CSPs wasted decreased from 3.6 to 2.7 doses per 100 patient days. Overall cost was reduced from $4,585.36 in phase 1 to $4,453.88 in phase 2. The value of wasted high-cost drugs per 100 patient days increased from $146 in phase 1 to $149 in phase 2 ( p > .05). The value of wasted low cost drugs per 100 patient days decreased from $41 in phase 1 to $21 in phase 2 ( p < .05). Conclusion: Lean batch IV methodology reduced overall waste quantity and cost. The highest impact of the intervention was observed among low-cost CSPs.
O Uso da Fitoterapia na medicina por Usuários do SUS, Uma Revisão Sistemática
Authors: Valeriano Andréa Cristina De Freitas Rodrigues , Silva Júnior Edivaldo Xavier da , Bedor Cheila Nataly Galindo , Costa Mateus Matiuzzi da
Published: January 2017

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a influência das políticas públicas na orientação de utilização e prescrição por médicos ou profissionais da saúde de medicamentos e produtos fitoterápicos disponíveis no SUS. É uma Revisão Sistemática da Literatura realizada nas Bibliotecas Campus Juazeiro – BA e Petrolina – PE, acessando o Portal de Periódicos CAPES/MEC durante os meses de agosto a outubro de 2016. Utilizando onze bases de dados, Banco de Teses CAPES, Cochrane Library, LILACS, PubMed/ MEDLINE, Repositório Digital da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Repositório Institucional da Fiocruz, Repositório Institucional da Universidade Federal de Lavras, ResearchGate, SciELO, ScienceDirect e Scopus com artigos originais publicados entre janeiro de 2004 a outubro de 2016. Na qual resultou em 07 estudos analisados de acordo com critérios pré-estabelecidos em que aponta um baixo interesse por parte dos médicos e/ou profissionais da saúde em que poucos conhecem, prescrevem e utilizam de fitoterápicos nas Unidades Básicas de Saúde.
Síndrome de Marfan
Authors: Marx Miguel , Simões Neto Eudes Alves , Alves Maria Nizete Tavares , Landim José Marcondes Macêdo , Bezerra Martha Maria Macedo
Published: January 2017

O presente estudo consiste numa revisão bibliográfica das bases de dados PubMed e Scielo. Os artigos foram buscados utilizando a expressão Marfan Syndrome. Obteve 239 artigos de livre acesso no PubMed e 06 no Scielo, foram selecionados 37 trabalhos mais relevantes dos últimos cinco anos no tocante aos aspectos genéticos, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento, e mais sete de datas anteriores, devido a sua importância histórica. Síndrome de Marfan é uma doença sistêmica, autossômica dominante do tecido conjuntivo causada por mutações nas proteínas da matriz extracelular, especialmente a fibrilina-1. Afeta principalmente os sistemas cardiovascular, esquelético e olhos. As manifestações mais freqüentes são: aneurisma de aorta torácica, luxação do cristalino ocular e crescimento exagerado de ossos longos. Há um novo entendimento sobre o papel da regulação do fator de crescimento tumoral β. Esta revisão destaca fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, tratamento padrão, bem como opções terapêuticas inovadoras. Considera importante o acompanhamento multidisciplinar, objetivando o diagnóstico precoce, reduzindo a morbimortalidade dos indivíduos afetados.
A Dicotomia entre a Educação e a Formação
Authors: Oliveira Irineu Correia de , Silva Francisco José Chaves da
Published: January 2017

Formar cidadão é desde a antiga Grécia, entretanto, é necessária uma reflexão profunda para compreender como a atividade educativa age com uma formação integrada. O objetivo do trabalho é de refletir sobre a dicotomia entre a educação e formação. O trabalho é cunho bibliográfico, com autores como Tonet (2016), Leal (2012) e outros. O esboço do trabalho dará destaque em primeiro ponto, a educação; em segundo ponto, currículo; Outros pontos de destaque foi a formação dos professores e a dicotomia entre  educação e formação humana.  O trabalho tem a intenção de enriquecer muito mais as produções cientificas e contribuir para o incentivo de novas pesquisas com a temática proposta.
Educação Ambiental: a mudança que faz a diferença
Authors: Sampaio Caroline Maria Tavares de
Published: January 2017

Este estudo tem como objetivo evidenciar a importância da educação ambiental para a vida dos seres humanos. Primeiramente, foram feitas reflexões sobre a crise ecológica atual. Então, foram elencados vários problemas ambientais e muitas atitudes ecologicamente corretas que devem ser empregadas. Em seguida, os problemas ocasionados pela produção desenfreada de lixo foram analisados. Para que, assim, pudessem ser expostas as melhores maneiras de amenizar este fato. Por fim, foram feitas algumas considerações sobre a importância de se introduzir concretamente a educação ambiental na sala de aula. Então, a importância de cada profissional da educação foi assegurada. Pois, para que haja bons resultados nesse sentido, é imprescindível a cooperação diária de todos os membros da escola. Este trabalho foi executado com a pretensão de contribuir para que a educação ambiental consiga ser um divisor de águas na vida das pessoas, transformando projetos de vida em realidade. Esta preocupação com o meio ambiente é de suma importância para o mundo atual; pois, se não houverem drásticas mudanças na maneira de se relacionar com o meio, a vida dos seres humanos estará gravemente ameaçada.
A Importância da Brincadeira no Desenvolvimento Cognitivo Infantil
Authors: Teixeira Cheila Cristina Dos Santos
Published: January 2017

A brincadeira sempre esteve presente no cotidiano infantil. O brincar é inerente ao ser humano, assim como inúmeras outras ações. É através dela que a criança desenvolve seu lado criativo, imaginativo e social. Esse ato que acreditamos ser uma condição da infância, é considerado por muitos estudiosos imprescindível ao ser. O presente estudo tem como objetivo analisar a importância da brincadeira para a constituição do desenvolvimento intelectual das crianças e seu contexto pedagógico em instituições infantis. Embasados em Vigotsky e outros estudiosos, o trabalho justifica-se por entender que brincar é essencial para consolidar o pleno desenvolvimento infantil transformando e construindo novos significados.
As Contribuições de Vygotsky para o Desenvolvimento das Crianças com Deficiência
Authors: Rodrigues Maria Marilê
Published: January 2017

O processo de desenvolvimento das crianças com deficiência tem nos chamado atenção por suas características desafiadoras, observando as abordagens de salas de aulas o processo de interação, socialização e os resultados das aprendizagens dos sujeitos com deficiência o artigo hora apresentado buscou identificar as contribuições da abordagem histórico-cultural de Vygotsky nas experiências realizadas dentro do contexto escolar com foco na defectologia e no conceito da zona de desenvolvimento proximal. Para tanto, foram realizados pesquisas bibliográficas envolvendo diversos autores, em livros, periódicos e sites. O presente estudo objetiva ampliar as discussões a cerca dos problemas didáticos das crianças com deficiência e, como vem se constituindo os processos de aprendizagens deste grupo social.
O papel do professor cooperante no contexto da formação de professores de Educação Física: A perspetiva dos professores cooperantes
Authors: Silva Teresa Maria Leandro Sousa , Batista Paula Maria Fazendeiro , Graça Amândio Braga
Published: January 2017

Este estudo teve como objetivo captar o modo como professores cooperantes de Educação Física se posicionam no exercício das tarefas de orientação definidas nos normativos das instituições de formação e como interpretam sua ação na escola. Para o efeito foram entrevistados vinte e seis professores cooperantes envolvidos nos programas de formação inicial de professores de Educação Física de quatro universidades públicas de Portugal Continental. Na análise dos dados recorreu-se à construção de mapas situacionais (Clarke, 2003), alicerçada em dois ciclos de codificação (aberta e focada) para fazer emergir e estabelecer conexões entre os elementos estruturantes da formação (Charmaz, 2006). Os resultados indicam que o modo como os professores cooperantes exercem a função de orientação é regulado pelos normativos e configurado pela dinâmica relacional que estabelecem com o Orientador da Faculdade. Os papéis que os professores cooperantes assumem são predominantemente instrumentais, de apoio e de gestores da aprendizagem académica e profissional dos estudantes-estagiários. A parceria escola-universidade assente numa relação de colaboração e complementaridade emergiu como base necessária e prioritária para a qualidade do processo formativo.
Glycation abolishes the cardioprotective effects of albumin during ex vivo ischemia‐reperfusion
Authors: Mapanga Rudo F. , Joseph Danzil E. , Saieva Marco , Boyer Florence , Rondeau Philippe , Bourdon Emmanuel , Essop M. Faadiel
Published: January 2017

Hyperglycemia‐induced oxidative stress plays a key role in the onset/progression of cardiovascular diseases. For example, it can trigger formation of advanced glycation end (AGE) products with ischemia‐reperfusion performed under hyperglycemic conditions. For this study, we hypothesized that albumin modified by glycation loses its unique cardioprotective properties in the setting of ischemia‐reperfusion under high glucose conditions. Here, ex vivo rat heart perfusions were performed under simulated normo‐ and hyperglycemic conditions, that is Krebs‐Henseleit buffer containing 11 mmol/L and 33 mmol/L glucose, respectively, ± normal or glycated albumin preparations. The perfusion protocol consisted of a 60 min stabilization step that was followed by 20 min of global ischemia and 60 min reperfusion. Additional experiments were completed to determine infarct sizes in response to 20 min regional ischemia and 120 min reperfusion. At the end of perfusions, heart tissues were isolated and evaluated for activation of the AGE pathway, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Our data reveal that native bovine serum albumin treatment elicited cardioprotection (improved functional recovery, decreased infarct sizes) under high glucose conditions together with enhanced myocardial antioxidant capacity. However, such protective features are lost with glycation where hearts displayed increased infarct sizes and poor functional recovery versus native albumin treatments. Myocardial antioxidant capacity was also lowered together with activation of the intracellular AGE pathway. These data therefore show that although albumin acts as a cardioprotective agent during ischemia‐reperfusion, it loses its cardioprotective and antioxidant properties when modified by glycation.
New alien plant species recorded in the southern regions of Latvia / Pietiniuose Latvijos rajonuose aptiktos naujos svetimžemės augalų rūšys
Authors: Gudžinskas Zigmantas , Petrulaitis Lukas
Published: January 2017

Alien plants are one of the most dynamic and rapidly changing components of flora. Many intentionally introduced plants, which formerly were in cultivation only, now are increasingly found escaped and occur in anthropogenic or seminatural habitats. During field investigations in the southern districts of Latvia in 2014-2016, six new alien plant species were recorded: Allium nutans, Hylotelephium spectabile, Solidago ×niederederi, Symphyotrichum dumosum, S. lanceolatum and S. novae-angliae. To date, four species, Allium nutans, Hylotelephium spectabile, Symphyotrichum dumosum and S. novae-angliae, occur as casual aliens in Latvia. Solidago ×niederederi should be ascribed to the group of established species, whereas Symphyotrichum lanceolatum has naturalized and is potentially invasive. Notes on morphology and identification of species as well as characteristics of the recorded populations are discussed. A note on 20 other alien plant species recorded in wastelands, abandoned meadows and unused arable fields in the south-western part of Daugavpils city is also provided.
Morphological and anatomical comparison of mericarps from different types of umbels of Heracleum sosnowskyi / Sosnovskio barščio skirtingų tipų žiedynų merikarpių morfologinės ir anatominės sandaros palyginamoji analizė
Authors: Jurkonienė Sigita , Žalnierius Tautvydas , Gavelienė Virgilija , Švegždienė Danguolė , Šiliauskas Laurynas , Skridlaitė Gražina
Published: January 2017

Sosnowsky’s hogweed (Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden.) mericarps were collected from satellite and stem branch umbels for comparative anatomical investigation. Located near Vilnius city, the habitat of Heracleum sosnowskyi, formerly a natural forest edge has recently been densely occupied by plants of this species. SEM micrographs of abaxial and adaxial surfaces of mericarps obtained from satellite and stem branch umbels of H. sosnowskyi were similar, but morphometrical analysis revealed statistically significant differences in mericarps collected from satellite umbels, which were longer and wider than mericarps from stem branch umbels. The data on longitudinal sections of H. sosnowskyi mericarps clearly showed that embryos of satellite umbels were at later torpedo stage compared to embryos of stem branch umbels, which were at earlier heart stage. These data represent unequal development of the embryos in mericarps from different types of umbels. Such different development can be treated as an adaptation of the invasive plant to occupy the current habitat and survive in the seed bank by allowing the embryo to complete development within a seed and germinate when new conditions permit.
Additions to vascular plant flora of the Western Suwałki Lakeland, north-eastern Poland / Suvalkų ežeringojo krašto vakarinės dalies (Šiaurės Rytų Lenkija) induočių augalų floros papildymai
Authors: Pliszko Artur
Published: January 2017

The present study provides a floristic list of twenty vascular plant species recorded in 2015-2016 in the Western Suwałki Lakeland, north-eastern Poland, by using the ATPOL cartogram method. Attention is drawn to the species Camelina sativa, Geranium columbinum, Rubus corylifolius aggr., Salix ×mollissima and Vicia pannonica, which are new to the regional flora. Through this study, the distribution status of Allium vineale and Erigeron acris subsp. serotinus in the region has changed from the category of very rare taxon to the category of rare taxon. Two newly recorded species, Camelina sativa and Vicia pannonica, may become established in the Western Suwałki Lakeland in the future as agricultural weeds.
Static Corrosion Test of Porous Iron Material with Polymer Coating
Authors: Markušová-Bučková Lucia , Oriňaková Renáta , Oriňak Andrej , Gorejová Radka , Kupková Miriam , Hrubovčáková Monika , Baláž Matej , Kováľ Karol
Published: January 2017

At present biodegradable implants received increased attention due to their use in various fields of medicine. This work is dedicated to testing of biodegradable materials which could be used as bone implants. The samples were prepared from the carbonyl iron powder by replication method and surface polymer film was produced through sol-gel process. Corrosion testing was carried out under static conditions during 12 weeks in Hank’s solution. The quantity of corrosion products increased with prolonging time of static test as it can be concluded from the results of EDX analysis. The degradation of open cell materials with polyethylene glycol coating layer was faster compared to uncoated Fe sample. Also the mass losses were higher for samples with PEG coating. The polymer coating brought about the desired increase in degradation rate of porous iron material.
Micromechanisms of Fracture of Magnesium Based Composite After Superplastic Deformation
Authors: Ballóková Beáta , Sülleiová Katarína , Besterci Michal , Velgosová Oksana , Huang Song-Jeng
Published: January 2017

The micromechanisms of fracture of AZ61 + 1 wt. % Al2O3 composite in the zone of superplastic deformation was analysed and quantified in this work. The specimens were tested at temperature of 200°C at different strain rates. Changing the strain rate, from 1x10-2 s-1 to 1x10-4 s-1, a significant growth of ductility was observed. At maximum value of superplasticity the fracture was transcrystalline ductile with dimples of two size categories. Based on the statistical analysis of fracture micromechanisms at the elevated temperature and strain rates of 10-0- 1x10-4 s-1 hyperbolic dependency was depicted according to Gurland - Plateau theory.
Design Methodology of Strength Verification of Platform During Load Out of the Arkutun Dagi SE-Topside 43.800 MT
Authors: Kaup Magdalena , Jurczak Wojciech , Kaup Janusz
Published: January 2017

This paper presents the methodology of strength verification during load out of the heavy cargo, in this case Arkutun Dagi SE-Topside platform. General methodology of making calculation models and load algorithms has been presented. Paper shows results of verification of global shear forces and bending moments using self-developed algorithms to modify centre of gravity, fill tanks and hydrostatically balance a 3D finite element model with commercial hydrostatic code. The NAPA and ANSYS codes were used to calculate hydrostatic pressures and to apply to 3D-FE models and to carry out strength calculation of barge construction.
Educational research between on devices and mobile learning
Authors: Martiniello Lucia , Paparella Nicola
Published: January 2017

The great potential of mobile learning devices hooks up these new contexts that are, above all, cultural and social, but also organisational and relational, forcing us to reconsider fundamental themes of pedagogical discourse. Among these themes, the first must be the construction of the student’s identity and, connected to this, the issue of personalised education. Let us consider, for instance, the by-now familiar distinction between formal, informal and non-formal. Compared with formal learning, we have always considered the two conditions of informal and non-formal education as independent or at least parallel, but essentially distinct and fundamentally different. In the moment in which teaching is done through mobility, and therefore with the effects of interference in contexts completely different from those that are somewhat predictable by the designer of distance learning, can we still think of a "distinction" between formal and informal or, at least, should we not assume a sort of context cross-breeding?

The question does not arise from considerations of quantitative, but instead arises from qualitative, evaluations. In our opinion, here exists a paradigm: the learning context not only escapes the teaching team’s realm of predictability, but somehow eludes even the predictability of the learner, and indeed, it is the very nature of the context that takes completely different characteristics and connotations.

We are on the verge of justifying a major revision of some paradigms that relate to the nature of the context, the role of the teacher and the position (in the sociological sense) of the student, which also affect the nature of the message and, more generally, the “entire educational setting”. It means working in this direction.