bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Potential Benefits of an Integrated Electric-Acoustic Sound Processor with Children: A Preliminary Report
Authors: Wolfe Jace , Neumann Sara , Schafer Erin , Marsh Megan , Wood Mark , Baker R. Stanley
Published: September 2016

Background:A number of published studies have demonstrated the benefits of electric-acoustic stimulation (EAS) over conventional electric stimulation for adults with functional low-frequency acoustic hearing and severe-to-profound high-frequency hearing loss. These benefits potentially
include better speech recognition in quiet and in noise, better localization, improvements in sound quality, better music appreciation and aptitude, and better pitch recognition. There is, however, a paucity of published reports describing the potential benefits and limitations of EAS for
children with functional low-frequency acoustic hearing and severe-to-profound high-frequency hearing loss.Purpose:The objective of this study was to explore the potential benefits of EAS for children.Research Design:A repeated measures design was used to evaluate performance
differences obtained with EAS stimulation versus acoustic- and electric-only stimulation.Study Sample:Seven users of Cochlear Nucleus Hybrid, Nucleus 24 Freedom, CI512, and CI422 implants were included in the study.Data Collection and Analysis:Sentence recognition (assayed using
the pediatric version of the AzBio sentence recognition test) was evaluated in quiet and at three fixed signal-to-noise ratios (SNR) (0, +5, and +10 dB). Functional hearing performance was also evaluated with the use of questionnaires, including the comparative version of the Speech, Spatial,
and Qualities, the Listening Inventory for Education Revised, and the Children’s Home Inventory for Listening Difficulties.Results:Speech recognition in noise was typically better with EAS compared to participants’ performance with acoustic- and electric-only stimulation,
particularly when evaluated at the less favorable SNR. Additionally, in real-world situations, children generally preferred to use EAS compared to electric-only stimulation. Also, the participants’ classroom teachers observed better hearing performance in the classroom with the use of
EAS.Conclusions:Use of EAS provided better speech recognition in quiet and in noise when compared to performance obtained with use of acoustic- and electric-only stimulation, and children responded favorably to the use of EAS implemented in an integrated sound processor for real-world
use.
SNP Discovery and QTL Mapping of Sclerotinia Basal Stalk Rot Resistance in Sunflower using Genotyping‐by‐Sequencing
Authors: Talukder Zahirul I. , Seiler Gerald J. , Song Qijian , Ma Guojia , Qi Lili
Published: September 2016

Basal stalk rot (BSR), caused by the ascomycete fungusSclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.) de Bary, is a serious disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.) in the cool and humid production areas of the world. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for BSR resistance were identified in a sunflower recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross HA 441 × RHA 439. A genotyping‐by‐sequencing (GBS) approach was adapted to discover single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. A genetic linkage map was developed comprised of 1053 SNP markers on 17 linkage groups (LGs) spanning 1401.36 cM. The RILs were tested in five environments (locations and years) for resistance to BSR. Quantitative trait loci were identified in each environment separately and also with integrated data across environments. A total of six QTL were identified in all five environments: one of each on LGs 4, 9, 10, 11, 16, and 17. The most significant QTL,Qbsr‐10.1andQbsr‐17.1, were identified at multiple environments on LGs 10 and 17, explaining 31.6 and 20.2% of the observed phenotypic variance, respectively. The remaining four QTL,Qbsr‐4.1,Qbsr‐9.1,Qbsr‐11.1, andQbsr‐16.1, were detected in only one environment on LGs 4, 9, 11, and 16, respectively. Each of these QTL explains between 6.4 and 10.5% of the observed phenotypic variation in the RIL population. Alleles conferring increased resistance were contributed by both parents. The potential of theQbsr‐10.1andQbsr‐17.1in marker‐assisted selection (MAS) breeding are discussed.
ESTIMATION OF QUALITY PARAMETERS IN THE RADIO FLIGHT SUPPORT OPERATIONAL SYSTEM
Authors: SOLOMENTSEV Oleksandr , ZALISKYI Maksym , ZUIEV Oleksiy
Published: September 2016

The paper considers the structure of the operational system of radio equipment, determines the procedures related to the estimation of the quality parameters in the radio flight support operational system, using the ready-to-operate factor and the probability of no failure operation in a finite time interval, and shows the analytical ratios for the probability density function (PDF).
AMMONIA AND CO OUTFLOW AROUND 6.7 GHz METHANOL MASERS
Authors: Li F. C. , Xu Y. , Wu Y. W. , Yang J. , Lu D. R. , Menten K. M. , Henkel C.
Published: September 2016

Single point observations are presented in NH3 (1, 1) and (2, 2) inversion transitions using the Effelsberg 100 m telescope for a sample of 100 6.7 GHz methanol masers and mapping observations in the 12CO and 13CO (1 − 0) transitions using the Purple Mountain Observatory Delingha 13.7 m telescope for 82 sample sources with detected ammonia. A further 62 sources were selected for either 12CO or 13CO line outflow identification, producing 45 outflow candidates, 29 using 12CO and 16 using 13CO data. Twenty-two of the outflow candidates were newly identified, and 23 had trigonometric parallax distances. Physical properties were derived from ammonia lines and CO outflow parameters were calculated. Histograms and statistical correlations for ammonia, CO outflow parameters, and 6.7 GHz methanol maser luminosities are also presented. No significant correlation was found between ammonia and maser luminosity. However, weak correlations were found between outflow properties and maser luminosities, which may indicate that outflows are physically associated with 6.7 GHz masers.
ELEMENT MASSES IN THE CRAB NEBULA
Authors: Sibley Adam R. , Katz Andrea M. , Satterfield Timothy J. , Vanderveer Steven J. , MacAlpine Gordon M.
Published: September 2016

Using our previously published element abundance or mass-fraction distributions in the Crab Nebula, we derived actual mass distributions and estimates for overall nebular masses of hydrogen, helium, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. As with the previous work, computations were carried out for photoionization models involving constant hydrogen density and also constant nuclear density. In addition, employing new flux measurements for [Ni ii] λ7378, along with combined photoionization models and analytic computations, a nickel abundance distribution was mapped and a nebular stable nickel mass estimate was derived.
ON THE FEASIBILITY OF CHARACTERIZING FREE-FLOATING PLANETS WITH CURRENT AND FUTURE SPACE-BASED MICROLENSING SURVEYS
Authors: Henderson Calen B. , Shvartzvald Yossi
Published: September 2016

Simultaneous space- and ground-based microlensing surveys, such as K2's Campaign 9 (K2C9) and WFIRST, facilitate measuring the masses and distances of free-floating planet (FFP) candidates, which are identified as single-lens events with timescales that are of the order of 1 day. Measuring the mass and distance of an FFP lens requires determining the size of the source star ρ, measuring the microlens parallax

, and using high-resolution imaging to search for the lens flux

from a possible host star. Here we investigate the accessible parameter space for each of these components considering different satellites for a range of FFP masses, Galactic distances, and source star properties. We find that at the beginning of K2C9, when its projected separation

from the Earth is ≲0.2 au, it will be able to measure

for Jupiter-mass FFP candidates at distances larger than ∼2 kpc and to Earth-mass lenses at ∼8 kpc. At the end of K2C9, when

= 0.81 au, it is sensitive to planetary-mass lenses for distances ≳3.5 kpc, and even then only to those with mass ≳M
Jup. From lens flux constraints we find that it will be possible to exclude hosts down to the deuterium-burning limit for events within ∼2 kpc. This indicates that the ability to characterize FFPs detected during K2C9 is optimized for events occurring toward the beginning of the campaign. WFIRST, on the other hand, will be able to detect and characterize FFP masses down to or below super-Earths throughout the Galaxy during its entire microlensing survey.
RADIAL PROFILE OF THE 3.5 keV LINE OUT TO R200 IN THE PERSEUS CLUSTER
Authors: Franse Jeroen , Bulbul Esra , Foster Adam , Boyarsky Alexey , Markevitch Maxim , Bautz Mark , Iakubovskyi Dmytro , Loewenstein Mike , McDonald Michael , Miller Eric , Randall Scott W. , Ruchayskiy Oleg , Smith Randall K.
Published: September 2016

The recent discovery of the unidentified emission line at 3.5 keV in galaxies and clusters has attracted great interest from the community. As the origin of the line remains uncertain, we study the surface brightness distribution of the line in the Perseus cluster since that information can be used to identify its origin. We examine the flux distribution of the 3.5 keV line in the deep Suzaku observations of the Perseus cluster in detail. The 3.5 keV line is observed in three concentric annuli in the central observations, although the observations of the outskirts of the cluster did not reveal such a signal. We establish that these detections and the upper limits from the non-detections are consistent with a dark matter decay origin. However, absence of positive detection in the outskirts is also consistent with some unknown astrophysical origin of the line in the dense gas of the Perseus core, as well as with a dark matter origin with a steeper dependence on mass than the dark matter decay. We also comment on several recently published analyses of the 3.5 keV line.
ON LITHIUM-RICH RED GIANTS. I. ENGULFMENT OF SUBSTELLAR COMPANIONS
Authors: Aguilera-Gómez Claudia , Chanamé Julio , Pinsonneault Marc H. , Carlberg Joleen K.
Published: September 2016

A small fraction of red giants are known to be lithium (Li) rich, in contradiction with expectations from stellar evolutionary theory. A possible explanation for these atypical giants is the engulfment of an Li-rich planet or brown dwarf by the star. In this work, we model the evolution of Li abundance in canonical red giants including the accretion of a substellar mass companion. We consider a wide range of stellar and companion masses, Li abundances, stellar metallicities, and planetary orbital periods. Based on our calculations, companions with masses lower than

dissolve in the convective envelope and can induce Li enrichment in regimes where extra mixing does not operate. Our models indicate that the accretion of a substellar companion can explain abundances up to A(Li) ≈ 2.2, setting an upper limit for Li-rich giants formed by this mechanism. Giants with higher abundances need another mechanism to be explained. For reasonable planetary distributions, we predict the Li abundance distribution of low-mass giants undergoing planet engulfment, finding that between 1% and 3% of them should have

. We show that depending on the stellar mass range, this traditional definition of Li-rich giants is misleading, as isolated massive stars would be considered anomalous while giants engulfing a companion would be set aside, flagged as normal. We explore the detectability of companion engulfment, finding that planets with masses higher than

produce a distinct signature, and that descendants of stars originating in the Li dip and low-luminosity red giants are ideal tests of this channel.
WARM JUPITERS FROM SECULAR PLANET–PLANET INTERACTIONS
Authors: Petrovich Cristobal , Tremaine Scott
Published: September 2016

Most warm Jupiters (gas-giant planets with

0.1

au
≲
a
≲
1

au) have pericenter distances that are too large for significant orbital migration by tidal friction. We study the possibility that the warm Jupiters are undergoing secular eccentricity oscillations excited by an outer companion (a planet or star) in an eccentric and/or mutually inclined orbit. In this model, the warm Jupiters migrate periodically, in the high-eccentricity phase of the oscillation, but are typically observed at lower eccentricities. We show that in this model the steady-state eccentricity distribution of the warm Jupiters is approximately flat, which is consistent with the observed distribution if we restrict the sample to warm Jupiters with detected outer planetary companions. The eccentricity distribution of warm Jupiters without companions exhibits a peak at

e
≲
0.2

that must be explained by a different formation mechanism. Based on a population synthesis study, we find that high-eccentricity migration excited by an outer planetary companion (1) can account for

∼
20
%

of the warm Jupiters and most of the warm Jupiters with 

e
≳
0.4
;

 and (2) can produce most of the observed population of hot Jupiters, with a semimajor axis distribution that matches the observations, but fails to account adequately for

∼
60
%

of hot Jupiters with projected obliquities

≲
20
°

. Thus

∼
20
%

of the warm Jupiters and

∼
60
%

of the hot Jupiters can be produced by high-eccentricity migration. We also provide predictions for the expected mutual inclinations and spin-orbit angles of the planetary systems with hot and warm Jupiters produced by high-eccentricity migration.
NARROW-LINE-WIDTH UV BURSTS IN THE TRANSITION REGION ABOVE SUNSPOTS OBSERVED BY IRIS
Authors: Hou Zhenyong , Huang Zhenghua , Xia Lidong , Li Bo , Madjarska Maria S. , Fu Hui , Mou Chaozhou , Xie Haixia
Published: September 2016

Various small-scale structures abound in the solar atmosphere above active regions, playing an important role in the dynamics and evolution therein. We report on a new class of small-scale transition region structures in active regions, characterized by strong emissions but extremely narrow Si iv line profiles as found in observations taken with the Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph (IRIS). Tentatively named as narrow-line-width UV bursts (NUBs), these structures are located above sunspots and comprise one or multiple compact bright cores at sub-arcsecond scales. We found six NUBs in two data sets (a raster and a sit-and-stare data set). Among these, four events are short-lived with a duration of ∼10 minutes, while two last for more than 36 minutes. All NUBs have Doppler shifts of 15–18 km s−1, while the NUB found in sit-and-stare data possesses an additional component at ∼50 km s−1 found only in the C ii and Mg ii lines. Given that these events are found to play a role in the local dynamics, it is important to further investigate the physical mechanisms that generate these phenomena and their role in the mass transport in sunspots.
Spondylolysis and End Plate Arthrosis at L5-S1: A Cadaveric Study
Authors: McCunniff Peter T. , Yoo Hojun , Yu Charles , Bajwa Navkirat S. , Toy Jason O. , Ahn Uri M. , Ahn Nicholas
Published: September 2016

This study examined the effect of bilateral and unilateral L5 pars defects on the degree of disk degeneration at the L5-S1 level in cadaveric specimens. An observational study was performed of 690 cadaveric specimens selected at random. These specimens represent individuals who died between 1893 and 1938. The study included 558 male and 132 female cadavers. Of the 120 specimens with L5 spondylolysis, 95 cases were bilateral and 25 were unilateral. The remaining 544 specimens were used as the control cohort. Degenerative disk disease was measured by the classification of Eubanks et al. According to this classification, degenerative disk disease was graded from no arthrosis (grade 0) to complete ankylosis (grade IV). Linear regression analysis corrected for age, sex, and race showed that subjects with bilateral spondylolysis at L5 had a statistically significant increase in the amount of disk degeneration (
P
=.02) compared with those with unilateral lesions. Student's
t
tests showed significant differences (
P
<.001 and
P
=.002, respectively) in the amount of degeneration seen with both bilateral and unilateral spondylolysis above what would be predicted in the normal control population. A positive correlation was found between the number of pars defects at L5 and the degree of disk degeneration at L5-S1. These results support the idea that individuals with spondylolysis at these levels may be at increased risk for development of low back pain and reduced quality of life. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e59–e64.]
Preliminary Trial of Intra-articular LMWF-5A for Osteoarthritis of the Knee
Authors: Schwappach John , Dryden Sara M. , Salottolo Kristin M.
Published: September 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the safety and efficacy of 3 intraarticular injections of the low–molecular-weight fraction of 5% human serum albumin (LMWF-5A) administered every 2 weeks for knee pain as a result of osteoarthritis. This single-center, randomized, vehicle-controlled, double-blind, phase II study was designed to ensure the safety of multiple intra-articular injections of LMWF-5A and to explore its efficacy in reducing pain as a result of knee osteoarthritis. Patients were randomized 1:1 to receive 3 biweekly intra-articular knee injections of either 4 mL LMWF-5A or vehicle control (saline), administered at weeks 0 (baseline), 2, and 4. Safety was examined as the incidence and severity of adverse events. Efficacy was assessed by the mean (SD) change between treatment groups in the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) pain score from baseline to week 20. A total of 40 patients were randomized and received treatment. No drug-related serious adverse events and no deaths were reported. Adverse events were similar in patients who received saline (18, 90%) and LMWF-5A (19, 95%). Those treated with LMWF-5A had a significant decrease in pain at 20 weeks compared with the saline group (−1.41 [SD, 0.81] vs −0.85 [SD, 0.64],
P
=.02), corresponding to improvement in pain at week 20 of 64% with LMWF-5A compared with 40% with saline. This preliminary clinical trial showed that repeated intra-articular injections of LMWF-5A are safe when administered at 2-week intervals and are effective in providing relief of the pain of osteoarthritis of the knee at 20 weeks. [
Orthopedics.
2017; 40(1):e49–e53.]
Application of WeChat Teaching Platform in Interactive Translation Teaching
Authors: Shi Zijuan , Luo Gaofeng
Published: September 2016

With the increasing use of smartphones in China, WeChat has become one of the most popular social applications. With its powerful functions, WeChat not only implements social features for its users but also provides a new way to fulfill mobile learning (M-learning), which is a form of distance education with the use of mobile devices. After analyzing M-learning models and WeChat’s features, this paper attempts to integrate WeChat’s interactive functions to construct a WeChat teaching platform under the guidance of constructive theory. The WeChat teaching platform was constructed based on WeChat’s multiple functions and with the support of wireless network technology. It can help to increase the interaction between students and teachers, because such interaction makes achieving ubiquitous learning for university students feasible. This empirical study proved that the new model is feasible and effective in facilitating interaction in translation teaching and in developing the students’ translation competence.
An Online Learning System Based on Panoramic Technology for Sport Psychology
Authors: Xu Wenxin , Yao Jiwei
Published: September 2016

Traditional teaching mode cannot meet the learning needs of students. Online learning technology is increasingly accepted and has gradually become an important teaching mode. However, most online learning systems cannot achieve the panoramic effect. Moreover, students cannot be personally on the scene, such that it is difficult for them to focus. Particularly, some abstract course contents cannot be well expounded, which results in low learning efficiency. Thus, this study constructed an online learning system based on panoramic technology for sport psychology. This system synchronously performs explanation process, voice, and course data. This system can also reach the teaching purpose of panoramic simulation of a real classroom. In addition, this system has strong applicability. The experiment proves that students who learn with this system improve significantly in terms of course interest, theoretical knowledge understanding and wish, and practical application.
Design and Implementation of Webpage Addition Technology in Aerobics Courses
Authors: Zheng Yingying
Published: September 2016

The rapid development of modern information technology facilitates the reform and innovation of college teaching. A series of technologies, including webpage addition technology, can meet the requirement of aerobics and other shape-related teaching for animation display. Thus, webpage addition technology is a new viewpoint in the education modernization process. The combination of webpage addition technology and Aerobics courses will provide help for Aerobics teaching. Starting from teaching features and the website learning status of Aerobics courses, this paper carried out an application design for webpage addition design. Then, an Aerobics course served as an experimental course. The control experiment method was applied to explore the application practice of webpage addition technology in the control experiment. Furthermore, this paper conducted contrastive analysis on the teaching effect difference with and without webpage addition technology, and drew some conclusions, in the hope of offering reference for combining webpage addition technology with Aerobics courses.
A Projection Color Auto-adjustment Technology in Landscape Design Teaching
Authors: Wang Yue
Published: September 2016

In the fast-paced modern life where high efficiency is pursued, projection technology is not only applicable to temporary conferences and workshops for technology and network center, but is also connected with the computer and multimedia. Thus, projection technology is a large-screen image equipment projection technology that is widely applied. An intelligent projection system with the function of background color auto-adjustment was constructed. In the present paper, the intelligent projection system was combined with multimedia teaching of Landscape Design. Application results show that the image shown on the multimedia large screen by the projection display system is clearer than common multimedia, and the color effect is more vivid. Thus, this projection display system improves the teaching quality of Landscape Design, including exhibition, appreciation, communication, and examination, and enhances the teaching effect and the students’ learning ability.
Application of Model Display Technology in Multimedia Teaching of Ecological Architecture Course
Authors: Bo Liming , Yu Kanhua
Published: September 2016

as building information model technology becomes increasingly developed, building information model technology is increasingly introduced in modern construction engineering project design, and good effect has been gained. Based on the above background, this paper applied building information model technology to develop a building information model technology image display system. This system has such functions as teletransmission, 3D display, plane display and interactive demonstration. Based on B/S architecture, this system can achieve teletransmission display between building plane image and 3D image. On this basis, contrastive teaching research was adopted to apply the system in teaching Ecological Architecture Course of architectural engineering specialty. The results show that the combination of model display technology and multimedia teaching system can improve courseware display effect and transmission efficiency and then significantly promote course teaching effect.
Exploration of Application Mode of MOOC-based Distance Education Mode in Digital Illustration
Authors: Zou Mei
Published: September 2016

with continuous development of computer technology, online learning also becomes a new trend. MOOC-based distance education mode can meet students’ demand for superior teaching resources and offers help for students to carry out independent study and for teachers to change classroom teaching mode. This paper started from development status of MOOC and distance education to construct MOOC platform and design MOOC-based distance education mode. Then, control experiment was adopted to explore the application effect of such mode in Digital Illustration and analyze teaching effect differences of MOOC platform, and existing online learning platforms. The conclusion offers certain reference for further promoting MOOC-based distance education mode.
Restored Wetlands in Mid-Atlantic Agricultural Landscapes Enhance Species Richness of Amphibian Assemblages
Authors: Mitchell Joseph C.
Published: September 2016

I measured amphibian occurrence in wetlands restored under programs implemented by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's Natural Resources Conservation Service during 2010–2011 in two regions of sites in the Mid-Atlantic region of the United States. One cluster was in Delaware and Maryland on the Delmarva Peninsula and the other was in southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina. I compared larval species richness and relative abundance among 17 restored wetlands, 12 natural wetlands, and 8 wetlands (ditches) in active agricultural fields. Based on larval occurrence, I documented 56 and 60% of the expected number of anurans and salamander species, respectively, known to use ponds and ephemeral wetlands in this region. Of the total number of species encountered, 71% used restored wetlands, 76% used natural wetlands, and 35% used the ditches in agricultural fields. Mean number of species did not differ significantly among the three habitat types due to wide confidence intervals. Total species richness in restored wetlands was not correlated with age (years since restoration), percentage of canopy cover, or percentage of emergent aquatic vegetation. Wetlands restored through Natural Resources Conservation Service and private landowner partnerships, such as those included in this study, support amphibian populations that help mitigate natural habitat loss in these two regions.
Embedding Indigenous Knowledge in Library and Information Science Education in Anglophone Eastern and Southern Africa
Authors: Ngulube Patrick
Published: September 2016

There is need to re-examine the inclusion or exclusion of indigenous knowledge (IK) in the university curriculum in sub Saharan Africa (SSA). Western scientific knowledge on which the university curriculum in SSA is mainly based has proved to be inadequate in addressing developmental challenges. Using the curriculum of library and information science (LIS) departments in Anglophone east and southern Africa (AESA) as a case study, this chapter focuses on factors that influence the inclusion of IK in higher education in SSA. IK is recognised for its potential contribution to development by organisations such as the World Bank and African Union. Its inclusive ethos and accommodation of multiple realities also accounts for its popularity. In spite of that, IK has not established a stronghold in LIS curriculum in AESA. This study investigates the factors that influence its integration into the curriculum and makes recommendations based on the findings.
Communities of Practice and Indigenous Knowledge
Authors: Lutomia Anne Namatsi , Bello-Bravo Julia
Published: September 2016

This chapter contributes to critical inquiry literature regarding various ways that indigenous knowledge intersects with technology, especially in regards to female knowledge systems. Using Lave and Wenger's community of practice framework, this chapter illustrates how animations assist women in knowledge sharing on best practices in shea butter processing. Making use of state of the art technology, “Scientific Animations Without Borders” (SAWBO) proposes a new approach to capture, preserve and share indigenous knowledge globally. This program creates short animations showing scientific best practices, while still incorporating indigenous knowledge. These animations can be viewed with video capable cell-phones or on portable projection systems. This approach has the potential to keep indigenous and local knowledge alive, and allow for its spread across geopolitical, cultural and linguistic borders. Through this case study of shea producers, the authors examine how video animations provide a mechanism that amplifies traditional knowledge sharing through new technologies.
So, What is Creativity?
Authors: Ma Henry
Published: September 2016

With the impact of the development of the Creative Industries in the UK and other countries, China adopted the term Cultural and Creative Industry in a national strategy to initiate a structural refinement of the industrial sectors. The animation industry in China has long served as a major original equipment manufacturer (that is, producers of contract work for an external brand) to foreign investors. It then started to develop into a center of original design manufacturers (self-originated work sold to others) and original brand manufacturers (self-originated, self-branded work). This led to a rapid demand for creative talent from higher education institutes. Creativity is a relatively complex concept, and successfully fostering creativity in education demands a clear conception of what creativity and creativity education are. The objective of this chapter is to explore how teachers and students perceive the meaning of the term creativity and identify factors that contribute to teachers and students' conception of creativity in education.
The Neurolecturer as Model for Design Education
Authors: Rivas Miguel , Garcia Giovanni J. Contreras
Published: September 2016

Are there lecturers capable of educating a digital generation of players in state-of-the-art innovation and creativity techniques? Far-reaching challenge to accomplish, but hard to avoid if governments and institutions want to overcome the future challenges of the global economy, particularly emerging nations such as the ‘BRICS' and ‘MINT.' Education design can be instrumental to support a deep transformation of society, but the expertise needed in the classroom must be updated for a new era, characterized by educational approaches aimed at developing multiple intelligences. Teaching styles that match students' personality will enrich that process by taking into account their behavior when making pedagogic decisions. Cognitive neuroscience applied to learning will be a plus to ensure a deep transformation of design education in the in 21st century. The conceptualization of a new kind of lecturer, capable of carrying out this application is the center of this chapter.
Investigating Mindsets and Motivation through Eye Tracking and Other Physiological Measures
Authors: Zentall Shannon R. , Junglen Angela G.
Published: September 2016

Although the influence of mindsets on motivation has been investigated using behavioral measures or verbal responses (e.g., Cimpian et al., 2007), only a handful of studies have used physiological measures, such as eye-tracking, to understand this process beyond explicit responses. Physiological measures are needed to understand thoughts and feelings that children are unable or unwilling to express verbally (e.g., Nisbett & Wilson, 1977). Physiological measures provide the opportunity to identify and quantify possible contributing causes to motivational mindsets (e.g., level of stress or anxiety) that can be compared across settings. Understanding the implicit thoughts and emotions that underlie observable behaviors (e.g., persistence) allow us to better understand mechanism.
How Revisions to Mathematical Visuals Affect Cognition
Authors: Clinton Virginia , Cooper Jennifer L. , Michaelis Joseph E. , Alibali Martha W. , Nathan Mitchell J.
Published: September 2016

Mathematics curricula are frequently rich with visuals, but these visuals are often not designed for optimal use of students' limited cognitive resources. The authors of this study revised the visuals in a mathematics lesson based on instructional design principles. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of these revised visuals on students' cognitive load, cognitive processing, learning, and interest. Middle-school students (N = 62) read a lesson on early algebra with original or revised visuals while their eye movements were recorded. Students in the low prior knowledge group had less cognitive load and cognitive processing with the revised lesson than the original lesson. However, the reverse was true for students in the middle prior knowledge group. There were no effects of the revisions on learning. The findings are discussed in the context of the expertise reversal effect as well as the cognitive theory of multimedia learning and cognitive load theory.
IL-33 Precedes IL-5 in Regulating Eosinophil Commitment and Is Required for Eosinophil Homeostasis
Authors: Johnston Laura K. , Hsu Chia-Lin , Krier-Burris Rebecca A. , Chhiba Krishan D. , Chien Karen B. , McKenzie Andrew , Berdnikovs Sergejs , Bryce Paul J.
Published: September 2016

Eosinophils are important in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, and eczema. Whereas IL-5 is crucial for supporting mature eosinophils (EoMs), the signals that support earlier eosinophil lineage events are less defined. The IL-33R, ST2, is expressed on several inflammatory cells, including eosinophils, and is best characterized for its role during the initiation of allergic responses in peripheral tissues. Recently, ST2 expression was described on hematopoietic progenitor subsets, where its function remains controversial. Our findings demonstrate that IL-33 is required for basal eosinophil homeostasis, because both IL-33– and ST2-deficient mice exhibited diminished peripheral blood eosinophil numbers at baseline. Exogenous IL-33 administration increased EoMs in both the bone marrow and the periphery in wild-type and IL-33–deficient, but not ST2-deficient, mice. Systemic IL-5 was also increased under this treatment, and blocking IL-5 with a neutralizing Ab ablated the IL-33–induced EoM expansion. The homeostatic hypereosinophilia seen in IL-5–transgenic mice was significantly lower with ST2 deficiency despite similar elevations in systemic IL-5. Finally, in vitro treatment of bone marrow cells with IL-33, but not IL-5, led to specific early expansion of IL-5Rα–expressing precursor cells. In summary, our findings establish a basal defect in eosinophilopoiesis in IL-33– and ST2-deficient mice and a mechanism whereby IL-33 supports EoMs by driving both systemic IL-5 production and the expansion of IL-5Rα–expressing precursor cells.
Developing a community-centred malaria early warning system based on indigenous knowledge: Gwanda District, Zimbabwe
Authors: Macherera Margaret , Chimbari Moses J.
Published: September 2016

Malaria continues to be a major public health problem in Sub-Saharan Africa despite efforts that have been made to prevent and control the disease for many decades. The knowledge on prediction and occurrence of the disease that communities acquired over the years has not been seriously considered in control programmes. This article reports on studies that aimed to integrate indigenous knowledge systems (IKS) on malaria into the malaria control programme in Gwanda District, Zimbabwe. The studies were conducted over a 3-year period. Data were collected using participatory rural appraisals, key informant interviews, household interviews and workshops in three wards (11, 15 and 18) with the highest malaria incidence in Gwanda District. Disease livelihoods calendars produced by the community showed their knowledge on the relationship between malaria, temperature and rainfall, and thus an understanding of malaria as a hazard. Volunteer IKS experts willing to record the indigenous environmental indicators for the occurrence of malaria in the study area were identified by the communities. Indigenous environmental indicators for the occurrence of malaria were classified as insects, plant phenology, animals, weather and cosmological indicators. Plant phenology was emphasised more than the other indicators. A community-based malaria early warning system model was developed using the identified IKS indicators in two of the wards using the ward health team as an entry point to the health system. In the model, data on indicators were collected at the village level by IKS experts, analysed at ward level by IKS experts and health workers and relayed to the district health team.
Cultivating the soft skills of future construction managers through restorying construction workers’ career narratives
Authors: Carstens Adelia
Published: September 2016

Background: In the construction industry, there is an increased awareness of the importance of soft skills. However, no empirical studies have been conducted on the effectiveness of pedagogical strategies in higher education to improve the soft skills of future construction managers.Aim: The main aim of the research was to explore how undergraduate students of the construction sciences construe the identities of construction workers and whether their views have been changed through their retelling of and reflecting on the career stories of these workers. It was anticipated that the results would give an indication of whether the students’ ‘soft skills’ can be improved through curricular interventions.Setting: The research was situated in a module on academic and professional literacy for students of Construction Economics at a large residential university in Gauteng. The module serves as an adjunct to a core module in Building Science.Methods: Theoretically, the article is underpinned by Critical Multicultural Education, and methodologically, it is based on theories of narratives and storytelling. The primary instruments of data gathering were students’ narrative reconstructions of the career stories of construction workers that were gathered through personal interviews. The student narratives were analysed using the qualitative data analysis program AtlasTi.Results: Four themes emerged from the analysis of the narratives – personal characteristics, sponsors/enablers, challenges and agency – while the analysis of students’ critical reflections on their narratives pointed towards an understanding that career success is determined by diligence and work ethics, rather than circumstances.Conclusion: An important change that occurred in students’ perceptions about construction workers is a realisation that successful workers are driven by an internal locus of control and are not derailed by adverse circumstances. The changed attitudes go beyond tolerance and reduced stereotyping. It is recommended that in order to deliver well-rounded graduates to the construction industry, multiple opportunities should be created in the curricula for modules focused on the acquisition of ‘hard’ as well as ‘soft’ skills.
A voice from the margins: Investigating the African Adventist rationale on the quest for female ordination
Authors: Lagat Rebecca J.
Published: September 2016

Discussions surrounding women�s ordination reached a peak with the 60th General Conference Session (GCS 2015) of the Seventh-day Adventist (SDA) Church. A report compiled by a section of delegates from the East-Central Africa Division � Biblical Research Committee indicated that this continent was not yet ready to ordain women as pastors. In light of the report, this article aims to investigate the rationale of such a stark decision. Firstly, the report shows that African Adventist women theologians were omitted from the discussions � a lack of good will from the church leadership towards the females as the majority of the membership. Secondly, the decision against ordination of women is suspect and biblically inconclusive. Through an overview of literature on a biblical missional design, the article postulates: Contextualisation and theologising are necessary for Africa, but the SDA Church must remember that globally both theology and culture are subject to the biblical guidelines, and thus to God�s missio Dei as well.Intradisciplinary and/or interdisciplinary implications: This article balances cultural contextualism and gender relations � challenging a cultural bias through a missional hermeneutic. This can lead to fairer representation of African women in Adventist church structures and reroute the equality discourse in light of the missio Dei. The study intersects with cultural theory, social analysis and biblical hermeneutics.�
Debates to personal conclusion in peripheral nerve injury and reconstruction: A 30-year experience at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital
Authors: Chuang David Chwei-Chin
Published: September 2016

Significant progress has been achieved in the science and management of peripheral nerve injuries over the past 40 years. Yet there are many questions and few answers. The author, with 30 years of experience in treating them at the Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, addresses debates on various issues with personal conclusions. These include: (1) Degree of peripheral nerve injury, (2) Timing of nerve repair, (3)Technique of nerve repair, (4) Level of brachial plexus injury,(5) Level of radialnerve injury,(6) Traction avulsion amputation of major limb, (7) Proximal Vs distal nerve transfers in brachial plexus injuries and (8) Post paralysis facial synkinesis.
Congenital hand anomalies in Upper Egypt
Authors: Abulezz Tarek , Talaat Mohamed , Elsani Asem , Allam Karam
Published: September 2016

Background: Congenital hand anomalies are numerous and markedly variant. Their significance is attributed to the frequent occurrence and their serious social, psychological and functional impacts on patient’s life. Patients and Methods: This is a follow-up study of 64 patients with hand anomalies of variable severity. All patients were presented to Plastic Surgery Department of Sohag University Hospital in a period of 24 months. Results: This study revealed that failure of differentiation and duplication deformities were the most frequent, with polydactyly was the most common anomaly encountered. The mean age of presentation was 6 years and female to male ratio was 1.46:1. Hand anomalies were either isolated, associated with other anomalies or part of a syndrome. Conclusion: Incidence of congenital hand anomalies in Upper Egypt is difficult to be estimated due to social and cultural concepts, lack of education, poor registration and deficient medical survey. Management of hand anomalies should be individualised, carefully planned and started as early as possible to achieve the best outcome.
Subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap: An old technique revisited and modified!
Authors: Karki Durga , Mehta Nikhil , Narayan Ravi Prakash
Published: September 2016

Background: Post-burn axillary and elbow scar contracture is a challenging problem to the reconstructive surgeon owing to the wide range of abduction and extension that should be achieved, respectively, while treating either of the joint. The aim of this paper is to highlight the use of subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap for the management of post-burn axillary and elbow contractures. Methodology: This is a prospective case study of axillary and elbow contractures managed at a tertiary care hospital using propeller flap based on subcutaneous pedicle from 2009 to 2014. Surgical treatment comprised of subcutaneous-based pedicle propeller flap from the normal tissue within the contracture based on central axis pedicle. The flap was rotated axially to break the contracture. The technique further encompassed a modification, a Zig-Zag incision of the flap, which was seen to prevent hypertrophy along the incision line. There was a mean period of 12 months of follow-up. Results: Thirty-eight patients consisting of 22 males and 16 females were included in this study among which 23 patients had Type II axillary contractures and 15 had moderate flexion contractures at elbow joint. The post-operative abduction achieved at shoulder joint had a mean of 168° whereas extension achieved at elbow had a mean of 175°. The functional and aesthetic results were satisfactory. Conclusion: The choice of surgical procedure for reconstruction of post-burn upper extremity contractures should be made according to the pattern of scar contracture and the state of surrounding skin. The choice of subcutaneous pedicle propeller flap should be emphasised because of the superior functional results of flap as well as ease to learn it. Moreover, the modification of propeller flap described achieves better results in terms of scar healing. There is an inter-positioning of healthy skin in between the graft, so it prevents scar band formation all around the flap.
An unusual foreign body in the infratemporal fossa
Authors: Ramdas Sharad
Published: September 2016

Infratemporal fossa injuries are uncommon and often go undetected presenting later with complications. We present a case of an infratemporal fossa penetrating injury with a ball point spring following a vehicular accident. Post-traumatic trismus even following supposedly trivial injury in the area should raise suspicion of possible injury in this location.
Superficial upper limb vasculature and its surgical implications
Authors: Gupta Richa , Aggarwal Anjali , Gupta Tulika , Kaur Harjeet , Gaba Sunil , Sahni Daisy
Published: September 2016

Any kind of anatomical variation whether encountered during cadaveric dissections or routine clinical or surgical procedures needs to be reported and taken into account. This can be quite helpful in planning surgeries accordingly and avoid disastrous complications. During routine cadaveric dissection, authors found a superficial course of arteries of the arm as well as the forearm, unilaterally in one cadaver. In this case, there were two brachial arteries - superficial and deep. Superficial brachial artery terminated into superficial radial and superficial ulnar artery. Deep brachial artery was trifurcated into common interosseous, medial and lateral artery branches. Authors have also discussed the developmental anomaly, which could have led to the observed morphological variation. Superficial vessels can provide large size pedicles for raising flaps for local reconstructive surgeries in the region of axilla, elbow, wrist or hand, or other regions.