bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Combined temperature and velocity field measurements in thermal fluid systems with magnetic resonance velocimetry
Authors: Bruschewski Martin , John Kristine , Benson Michael J. , Grundmann Sven
Published: February 2022

A method for the combined measurement of velocity and temperature fields in water using magnetic resonance velocimetry (MRV) is presented. MRV can provide accurate volumetric, time-averaged temperature and velocity field data. However, the choice of the flow medium and other materials is limited due to the requirements placed on the magnetic properties. There are also limitations to the measurable fluid velocities and temperatures. The echo time TE, which typically defines the temperature sensitivity, is particularly important for temperature measurement in fluid flows. A longer TE means better temperature precision, but measurement errors are increased. In addition, material properties such as magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity are temperature-dependent and this can lead to systematic errors in the temperature results. The design of the MRV experiment must take all of these effects into account. Here, a measurement method is proposed that includes various corrective measures. The capabilities are demonstrated with two types of experiments, a pin-fin heat exchanger and a jet-in-crossflow experiment. The fluid in these systems is water with velocities of up to 1 m/s and a temperature between 20 °C and 50 °C. These experiments demonstrate the possibilities of performing quick parameter studies with MRV while achieving low measurement uncertainty and low systematic errors.
Synthesis and structural characterization of three new mixed ligand alkaline-earth metal picrates
Authors: Parsekar Neha U. , Narvekar Kedar U. , Srinivasan Bikshandarkoil R.
Published: February 2022

The dissolution of alkaline-earth metal carbonate in aqueous picric acid followed by reaction with nicotinamide results in the formation of [M(H2O)
n
(nic)2(pic)2] (nic = nicotinamide; pic = picrate; n = 1 and M = Ba 1; n = 2 and M = Ca (or Sr) 2 (or 3)). In [Ba(H2O)(nic)2(pic)2] 1, the barium and the oxygen atoms of a terminal aqua ligand are located on a two-fold axis. Compound 1 exhibits a {BaO7N2} coordination sphere, where the barium atom is bonded to a unique bidentate picrate and the crystallographically independent nicotinamide bridges to two symmetry related barium atoms with a Ba···Ba separation of 9.799 Å via the pyridine nitrogen and the amide oxygen atoms leading to the formation of a two-dimensional coordination polymer. The compounds 2 and 3 are isostructural with discrete molecules. The central Ca atom in 2 (or Sr in 3) located on a two-fold axis is bonded to a crystallographically unique terminal aqua ligand, an independent monodentate nicotinamide and a unique bidentate picrate anion resulting in a distorted {MO8} polyhedron. The mixed ligand alkaline-earth metal picrates 1–3 exhibit three varieties of hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions. Several alkaline-earth metal picrates are compared in this study.
Evaluación de subpoblaciones linfocitarias en individuos seropositivos a Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Palacios Martínez Monika , Nájera Medina Oralia , Gonázlez López Marco , Ramírez Navarro Karina , Solís Chávez Patricia Concepción , Gutiérrez Cárdenas Elena Marcia
Published: February 2022

Las infecciones por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) son consideradas un problema de salud pública debido a su altoíndice de morbilidad en la población mexicana. Por ello, este trabajo está enfocado a la detección de anti- IgA-H.pylori por medio de la prueba de ELISA y la evaluación de subpoblaciones linfocitarias por citometría de flujo en sangreperiférica de población adulta de una zona rural del estado de Morelos. Se trabajó con 79 participantes adultos (edadde 42 ± 13.7 años), de los cuales 57% (n = 45) fueron seropositivos y 43% (n = 24) seronegativos. No se encontrarondiferencias estadísticamente significativas en leucocitos, ni en células efectoras, solo una pequeña tendencia a aumentar las células de memoria CD4+ y CD8+ en individuos seropositivos a H. pylori, así como una disminución en células CD8+ dobles positivos (CD8+CD45RA+CD45RO+, p < 0.05). Probablemente no existen diferencias relevantes debido a la capacidad de la bacteria para evadir la respuesta inmunológica.
Desenvolvimento e Democracia: uma análise comparada do modelo Gerencial e modelo Societal
Authors: MOURA J. A. R. , SANTOS E. R. , CABRAL S. M.
Published: February 2022

The central focus of this article is to analyze the relationship between development policies and democracy in Brazil, taking the governments of Fernando Henrique Cardoso and Luiz Inácio da Silva as a historical basis in the period running from 1995 to 2010, which underwent both the implementation of the managerial public policy model during the first government term and the societal model, during the second. The article seeks to respond to the following research problem: did the different development policies experienced by Brazil under the FHC and Lula governments bear any relation to Brazilians’ support for democracy? The methodology applied is quantitative, in the form of a survey, based on an analysis of research results from the Latinobarómetro database, as well as the indicators of GDP, Gini, and HDI. The results obtained reveal that development and democracy policies bear a certain connection as the GDP and HDI increase while the Gini declines, with a rise in support and satisfaction with democracy in the country.
Assembling the dead: human vertebrae-on-posts in the Chincha Valley, Peru
Authors: Bongers Jacob L. , Mejía Juliana Gómez , Harper Thomas K. , Seidensticker Susanna
Published: February 2022

The post-mortem manipulation of human bodies is documented in many regions of the world, including South America. Recent archaeological fieldwork in the Chincha Valley, Peru, adds to this catalogue nearly 200 examples of the threading of human vertebrae onto reed posts. Here, the authors report on the distribution and composition of these ‘vertebrae-on-posts’, which are radiocarbon-dated to the Late Horizon (AD 1400–1532) and Colonial (AD 1532–1825) periods. The authors argue that these modified remains represent a social process that reconstructed the dead in response to Colonial-period looting. This manipulation of human remains reflects protracted relationships between the living and the dead, and the enduring social lives of human remains.
Research on Impact Factors of Workability of Roller Compacted Concrete Based on Modified Vebe Test
Authors: Zhong Yixiong , Yao Jialiang , Lin Jun , Yao Ding
Published: February 2022

To obtain the optimum workability of roller compacted concrete (RCC), it is necessary to fully consider the degree of influence of each component of RCC. In this research, the influence of water-cement ratio, the content of cement slurry, the content of mortar, the sand ratio, the particle size of maximum aggregate, and the content of mineral powder on the workability of RCC was studied by modified Vebe test. The results showed that the Vebe consistency decreased with the increase of water-cement ratio. The recommended range of cement slurry surplus parameter was 1.1∼1.4; the recommended range of cement mortar surplus parameter was 1.2∼1.6; mixing the fly ash and silica fume into RCC is beneficial to its workability, but the content of fly ash could not exceed 20 %, and the optimum value of the content of silica fume was between 5 and 7.5 %; and the sand ratio has a significant effect on RCC, and there is an optimal sand ratio just like ordinary concrete, which is 34 % in this study.
PENGARUH PELATIHAN PASAR MODAL TERHADAP MINAT INVESTASI MAHASISWA DI PASAR MODAL DENGAN PENGETAHUAN INVESTASI DAN MANFAAT INVESTASI SEBAGAI VARIABEL INTERVENING
Authors: Aditama Raka Rizky , Nurkhin Ahmad
Published: February 2022

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisis pengaruh pelatihan pasar modal terhadap minat investasi mahasiswa yang dimediasi oleh pengetahuan investasi dan manfaat investasi. Populasi penelitian sebanyak 858 diambil dari mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi Universitas Negeri Semarang Angkatan 2015. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode proportional random sampling sebanyak 273 mahasiswa. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan menggunakan kuesioner (angket). Teknik analisis data menggunakan analisis statistik deskriptif dan SEM-PLS. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa: (1) pelatihan pasar modal berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi, (2) pengetahuan investasi berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi, (3) manfaat investasi berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi, (4) pelatihan pasar modal berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan investasi, (5) pelatihan pasar modal berpengaruh terhadap manfaat investasi, (6) pelatihan pasar modal berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi melalui pengetahuan dan manfaat investasi. Simpulan penelitian adalah pelatihan pasar modal berpengaruh terhadap minat investasi mahasiswa. Pengetahuan investasi dan manfaat investasi mampu memediasi pengaruh pelatihan pasar modal terhadap minat investasi mahasiswa. Saran yang dapat diberikan adalah mahasiswa hendaknya lebih mempelajari cara berinvestasi yang tepat agar nantinya mendapatkan penghasilan tambahan dari investasi. Mahasiswa hendaknya lebih mengoptimalkan sarana yang dimiliki fakultas berupa Galeri Investasi sebagai sumber belajar dan wawasan mengenai investasi.
Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid Content and in vitro Sun Protection Factor test of Arabica Coffee Leaves Extract (Coffea arabica L)
Authors: Fatmawati Sofia , Sjahid Landyyun Rahmawan , Utami Nadiyya Maulida , Kartini Kartini
Published: February 2022

Background: Arabica coffee leaf (Coffea arabica L.) is a well-known plant by the Indonesian people because it has many benefits apart from being a drink. Coffee leaves are known to have good antioxidant activity. The use of antioxidants in sunscreen preparations can prevent various diseases caused by UV radiation from UV rays’ sunlight.

Aim: This study aims to determine the phenol content, the flavonoid content and the value of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) from differences between solvent extracts of arabica coffee leaves (Coffea arabica L.).

Method: The extraction method used was maceration with solvents: 70% ethanol, 96% ethanol and methanol. Determination of phenol content was carried out using the Folin ciocalteu method. Determination of flavonoid content was done by the AlCl3 method. SPF value is based on the Mansur equation from absorbance scanning using UV Spectrophotometry.

Result: The results obtained were the highest phenol and flavonoid content is in the methanolic extract of arabica coffee namely 62.371 ± 0.47 mgGAE/g and 8.6707 ± 0.04 mgQE/g. In the SPF test, the highest value was obtained from 70% ethanol extract of 5.0593 ± 1.28 at 100 ppm extract concentration with intermediate protection category.

Conclusion: Arabica coffee leaves have the potential as an active ingredient in herbal sunscreens
La Incorporación de las actitudes linguísticas y las representaciones sociales a la teoría de la argumentación de Michel Meyer
Authors: El Mouden Mohamed , Crismán-Pérez Rafael
Published: February 2022

La Teoría de la Argumentación ha experimentado una modificación de sus presupuestos tradicionales en los últimos años, especialmente a partir de las publicaciones de Meyer. La principal novedad es la incorporación de los factores contextuales a la dialéctica argumentativa, lo que converge en la focalización del proceso lingüístico-argumentativo en las preguntas en lugar de las respuestas. Esto supone una nueva teoría acerca del cuestionamiento. A partir de ahí, el presente trabajo analiza la relación del contexto comunicativo con el proceso argumentativo mediante el vínculo de aquel con las actitudes lingüísticas y las representaciones sociales. Finalmente se proponen posibilidades de reorientación de la investigación de la Teoría de la Argumentación a partir de la incorporación de estos componentes al discurso argumentativo y su relación con las teorías de configuración de valores sociales según los componentes de las actitudes desde una perspectiva mentalista
Ethnic Studies Matters
Authors: Torres Lourdes
Published: February 2022

On January 30, 2020, Harvard University’s Warren Center for Studies in American History held a one-day gathering titled “The Legacy of Dominicanidad: A Symposium on the Work of Lorgia García-Peña.” The first panel considered “Ethnic Studies and Lorgia García-Peña’s Scholarship.” This article is a version of my presentation on that panel.
Three Essays toward Care in and beyond Academia
Authors: Brown Camara , Keish Kim Eun-Jin , Ulloa Massiel Torres
Published: February 2022

Radical practices of care rooted in feminist praxis and the lessons we have learned from Professor Lorgia García-Peña are fundamental to our pedagogy and our imagination of a more just future. We insist on a need for care practices across the university—in the abolitionist visions of the future of higher education, in student-led ethnic studies movements on college campuses, and in feminist pedagogical and reading practices. Grounded in transnational feminist thought and praxis that centralizes collectivity, community, and interdependence, our essays incorporate the lessons we have learned from García-Peña and our organizing efforts for ethnic studies as graduate students at Harvard to challenge the exploitative, capitalist, and violent practices of neoliberal universities. Through personal narrative, testimony, cultural and historical analysis, and poetry, this interdisciplinary piece insists that the humanities are indefensible without a focus on ethnic studies methodologies.
Your Mirada. Gracias. Siempre: Afro-Asia, Intimacies, and Women-of-Color Feminisms
Authors: Peters Catherine R.
Published: February 2022

This essay considers the dialogue that scholar Lorgia García-Peña and performance artist Josefina Báez have co-created to explore connections between Asia and Africa in the Americas. Situating their praxis in women-of-color feminisms, I describe their endeavors to build coalition across historical and material difference. Finally, I contextualize how chosen ties between Asian and African diasporic subjects actively refuse imperial and capitalist histories that have sought to divide and separate them.
Latinidad, Dominicanidad, and Anti-Blackness: Two Nations under U.S. Empire
Authors: Briggs Laura
Published: February 2022

Lorgia García-Peña’s Borders of Dominicanidad situates the history of racial differentiation and exclusion in Hispaniola within the context of U.S. empire, arguing that the multiple occupations of the Dominican Republic by the U.S. Marines played a significant role in locating Blackness on the Haitian side of the border and latinidad—which was meant to exclude Blackness—on the Dominican side of the border. This article argues that we need to attend to García-Peña’s argument about racialization and spatialization in the context of U.S. empire. It also reads her work as underscoring the importance of the production of gendered narratives of race—from the masculinity of the Afro-Dominican peasant hero and religious figure Papa Liborio (Olivorio Mateo), killed by the marines to the transformation of the banditry resulting in the deaths of the Galindo family into a story of “virgins” raped by Black Haitian soldiers, using tropes straight out of the folk mythology of the United States.
Bringing Dominican History from the Footnote to the Center of the Page
Authors: Manley Elizabeth S.
Published: February 2022

Through her scholarship, pedagogy, and activism, Lorgia García-Peña has fought for a centering of Dominicans and Dominican studies, dominicanidad, and the island of Hispaniola itself in larger scholarly and public imaginations. Particularly in the aftermath of Harvard’s intellectually marginalizing decision to deny tenure to García-Peña, her work continues to remind us what we risk losing by not engaging with her set of intertwined practices of centering. She implores us to address the Dominican “footnote condition” but also to think about how this condition afflicts other areas of study. In this article I argue that García-Peña’s academic contributions, particularly around this centering practice, have highlighted the relevance of the island to key concerns of history as a discipline but also how the recent, expanding literature on Hispaniola and “transnational Hispaniola” underscores its significance in a more inclusive, interdisciplinary, and pedagogically grounded approach to our collective pasts and presents in the university, in the nation-state, and on the globe. I argue that it is intellectually and pedagogically crucial that we stop allowing Hispaniola and its diaspora to be allocated such a marginalized place in academia, and I point to the ways we can use García-Peña’s work—on the page and embodied—to think about a more holistic understanding of the island’s scholarly and contemporary impact.
The Knowledge of Justice in America
Authors: Miller Julie J.
Published: February 2022

In Dred Scott v. Sandford (1857), Chief Justice Roger Taney wrote that the knowledge of justice in the United States belonged to those who “formed the sovereignty” in 1787. That thought captured a problem later perceived by James Baldwin and made stark by unrelenting attacks on the memory of Emmett Till from 2008 to 2018. Focusing attention precisely there is the purpose of this essay. Adopting a theory of popular sovereignty hewn to fix moral insight and political power together, the U.S. Constitution memorialized the people’s choice to deprive enslaved Black humanity not only of power but of moral authority in civic life. The essay reflects on the consequences of that founding choice while reimagining it, observing that the knowledge of justice lay with the enslaved.
Songs That Never End: A Film by Yehuda Sharim
Authors: Lipsitz George
Published: February 2022

Songs That Never End (2019) is a fascinating, compelling, and mesmerizing film. It focuses on seemingly small events inside small spaces to pose big questions about how people struggle with the hand that history has dealt them in a time of devastation, dispossession, and displacement. Filmed in cinema verité style, yet brilliantly shot, framed, and paced by director, camera operator, and interviewer Yehuda Sharim, Songs That Never End revolves around the everyday life experiences, events, injuries, and aspirations of an Iranian immigrant family living in a small apartment in Houston. Across nearly two hours of cinema, it sutures together a series of short scenes that convey chaos and unpredictability in the lives of these refugees who never find refuge, these exiles for whom exile never ends.
The Last Straw
Authors: Cherríe Moraga
Published: February 2022

None
Introduction: The Enduring Dangers of Essentializing Labor and Laborers
Authors: Rosas Abigail
Published: February 2022

This special issue of Kalfou on “The Enduring Dangers of Essentializing Labor and Laborers” identifies and examines the diversity of ways in which the COVID-19 pandemic has given rise to two definitions of the word “essential.” On the one hand, service and production workers manufacturing and selling vital goods have been tagged with the title “essential workers” because their labor is needed to enable society to survive the pandemic. A grossly disproportionate percentage of these workers are immigrants and children of immigrants, African Americans, Latinx, and women. They are allowed—and in some cases required—to suspend social distancing and safety measures because the work they do is necessary. Yet in being declared essential, they have also been rendered disposable: susceptible to disease at their workplaces while deprived of proper protective equipment and adequate healthcare. As the articles in this issue demonstrate, these workers have become “essentialized” in another sense of the word—reduced to the essence of bare life and labor, treated as if underpaid service and physical sacrifice are their natural roles in life, defining their being. The authors gathered here explore how people deemed essential have been devalued as disposable, as well as how diverse people and social institutions have attempted to come to terms with the pandemic’s deadly toll by offering oppositional ideas about what—and who—is truly essential.
Essential Only as Labor: Coachella Valley Farmworkers during COVID-19
Authors: Paiz Christian O.
Published: February 2022

In this article, I attempt to come to terms with the Trump administration’s designation of farmers as “essential” to the economy, which allowed—or condemned—them to work while the majority of U.S. residents sheltered in place in the spring and early summer of 2020. I provide a snapshot of the Coachella Valley during the COVID-19 outbreak and relate farmworker pandemic conditions to a century-long exploitation of Mexican agricultural communities in the U.S. Southwest. I argue that a relational approach to race making and racialized life is key for understanding farmworkers’ present marginality: to see their disproportionate pandemic vulnerability, we must relate it to other racialized people’s historical oppression, especially within Indigenous and African American communities. But I also insist on pairing this approach with a transnational frame that centers the role of noncitizen labor in subsidizing U.S. consumption. Farmworker marginality, in other words, indicates more than a nimble and relational white supremacy. It also reflects the United States’ imperial relationship to the Global South and its citizenry’s reliance on noncitizen “essential labor.” Farmworker marginality suggests further that in a world marked by a growing refugee diaspora, a climate change crisis, and continued wealth inequalities, the United States’ citizen/noncitizen divide will continue to grow and shape its racialized hierarchies. To study farmworker pandemic conditions, in short, is to study the world to come.
The Cost of Freedom: The Violent Exploitation of Black Labor as Essential to Nation Building in Jamaica and the United States of America
Authors: Levy Janelle O. , Sojoyner Damien M.
Published: February 2022

With a specific focus on labor, our goal is to demonstrate the inherent violence located within nation-building projects that have performed the slippage of equating freedom with the freedom of people to choose their labor (i.e., wage labor). It is within this context that we situate “work” and “labor” as antithetical to Blackness. Similar to the transmutation of freedom to free labor by the financial and industrial class during Reconstruction, Western constructions of labor and work have been utilized as modalities to suppress liberation. Utilizing interlocutors within Black studies who have theorized the relationship between statecraft and Blackness, we foreground Blackness as a way to move beyond the geographic boundaries of nations in order to understand the intent of capital formations that have demanded the gross exploitation of Black labor throughout the African diaspora. To this end, while our argument is based within Jamaica and the United States, we utilize models of the plantation and the carceral state to demonstrate that the usages of labor as a racialized disciplining force are not bounded to national demarcations. Further, we document how Western nations react to Black radical organizing and communal development in order to suppress ideological formations that expose the decadent and corrupt nature of Western modalities of being that are centered on vile exploitation.
To Care, to Belong: Art-Work in Community during the COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors: Diaz Misael , Arteaga Amy Sanchez
Published: February 2022

Since the onslaught of the COVID-19 crisis began in early 2020, Tierra Narrative and Sustainable Little Tokyo—two community-based artist collectives working in the hard-hit urban centers of New York and Los Angeles, respectively—have taken up integral aspects of care with and in their communities. Using art as a vehicle to help secure access to basic necessities for vulnerable populations while creating opportunities for respite and healing, they have continued ongoing transnational and intergenerational efforts to (re)build community from the bottom up, modeling how cultural labor can sustain more livable presents and usher in more just futures. To this end, their art-work functions as both platform and mechanism to weave community members closer together (even while remaining physically apart), fostering networks of mutual care that holistically address both material and emotional needs that impact individual and collective well-being.
Global Capitalism, Racism, and Social Triage during COVID-19
Authors: Flynn Matthew B.
Published: February 2022

The theory of global capitalism offers useful tools for understanding the socio-structural determinations that result in enduring global health inequities. The theory’s conceptual framework highlights the role of transnational corporations, financialization, consumerism, transnational social classes, and the transnational state in affecting the production and distribution of economic resources, spread of cultural ideologies, and exercise of political power. To understand the health consequences and economic disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, the theory of global capitalism offers a holistic approach for understanding the current geopolitical order as well as its inherently contested nature. However, the approach often elides questions of race and gender while privileging class analysis. To understand the intersectionality in the reproduction of capitalist globalization, the concept of social triage offers an organizational level of analysis to interrogate how bureaucratic decision-making leads to racial and gender health inequalities at the global and national levels. The examples of essential workers, immigration detention, and disparate access to medical technologies reveal the necropolitical reality of an anti-Black pandemic, contributing to current debates about racial capitalism.
Essential, Yet Expendable: Brazilian Black Women and Domestic Work in the Age of COVID-19
Authors: Harrington Jaira J.
Published: February 2022

At the intersection of racial, gender, and class marginalization, Brazilian domestic workers are disproportionately impacted by COVID-19. At the height of the global pandemic, their essential worker status forced this group to commute and work in the homes of their employers instead of sheltering in place. Routinely discriminated against, undervalued, and stigmatized, Black Brazilian women are overrepresented in this profession. Black women employed as domestic workers are exponentially burdened by the political, social, and economic costs of this deadly virus. To meet the demands of these unprecedented times, this article takes on the following format: (1) a survey of the scholarly literature on Brazilian domestic work, with special attention to race and gender; (2) excerpts of a testimonial interview from Creuza Maria Oliveira, president of the national domestic workers’ union (FENATRAD), on the status of this work in Brazil during COVID-19; and (3) an intersectional assessment of Black women’s vulnerability during the pandemic through the lens of domestic work. Domestic workers’ experiences during COVID-19 reflect the ongoing challenges for all Afro-Brazilians, while providing a nuanced example of how gender and class influence the necropolitics of the virus’s impact.
Red Line Lullaby, directed by Yehuda Sharim
Authors: Aparicio Frances R.
Published: February 2022

None
The design and efficiency of a physical education program to promote attitudinal changes towards people with visual impairments
Authors: Cordente Mesas David , González Víllora Sixto , Contreras Jordán Onofre
Published: February 2022

The main goal of this study was to design, and confirm the efficiency of, a formative Physical Education program with the purpose of improving schoolchildren’s attitudes towards people who have a visual impairment. The participants were 910 students aged 9 to 13 years old from the region of Castilla-La Mancha (Spain). Participants simulated visual impairment during eight Physical Education sessions within the context of play and a sports-based learning environment.  They completed an attitudinal questionnaire both pre and post the intervention. The author’s (2018) aim was to evaluate children’s attitudes toward both visual impairment and integrated Physical Education CAIPE-R (Block, 1995). Both a descriptive and comparative analyses, as well as ANOVA, were conducted. The results indicated a significant improvement in children’s attitudes toward those with visual impairment. Therefore, this program would be efficacious when applied in schools in the future in order to promote a better attitude toward inclusion.
Assessment of the efficiency of the integrated application of educational software when teaching children with mild intellectual disabilities (MID)
Authors: Pantelis Efstratios , Tsankov Nikolay
Published: February 2022

Learning software for children with intellectual disabilities is particularly important because some of the solutions are highly practical, allowing for easy presentation of different types of incentives and goals, often with higher quality than other media. Educational information and communication technologies, and in particular the various software packages, provide a wider range of incentives for pupils with mild intellectual disability and create a favorable environment for their full development in different areas through a list of activities that ensure progress. This study presents an evaluation of performance results from the use of specially selected software products in the education of children with mild intellectual disabilities. This is an attempt to prove the hypothesis that the systematic and targeted application of information and communication technologies, and in particular specific software products (such as "AKTINES", "I learn to run with security", "Small works in action", "STERXIS", "Round with value" and "My home and school “) improves the efficiency of the educational process.
Simulation of Kinetic Processes, Optical and Neutron Properties of the Nuclear-Excited Dusty Plasma of Noble Gases
Authors: Budnik A.P. , Deputatova L.V. , Fortov V.E. , Lunev V.P. , Vladimirov V.I.
Published: February 2022

A model of kinetic processes in the argon-xenon gas plasma with the admixture of uranium nanoclusters is developed. This dusty plasma seems to be perspective as an active laser medium in the technologies of direct conversion of the nuclear energy into coherent light. The process of formation of quasistationary states in plasma and the influence of uranium nanoclusters are considered in the developed mathematical model of the kinetic processes in the argon-xenon gas excited by nuclear fission  fragments. The suggested system of equations allows one to describe the kinetic processes in the plasma with presence of the uranium dust in a self-consistent way. The model include the evolutionary equations for the distribution function of electron velocities and for concentrations of a different components of plasma, including charged uranium nanoclusters. The model takes 44 components of plasma and 507 plasma-chemical processes into account. The method of solution of such equations is suggested, and the program complex realizing this method is developed. The influence of the dust concentration on the optical and neutronic properties of the plasma media is studied in calculations. The calculation of the neutron multiplication factor for the laser active infinite medium containing uranium dust particles is performed with the use of MCNP-5 code. The neutron cross-sections needed for calculations were taken from the ENDF/b-VI library. The attenuation of electromagnetic waves by uranium dust particles was calculated in the frame of the Mie theory for various spherical particle sizes and different wavelengths. Real and imaginary parts of the refraction coefficient for uranium needed for this calculation were taken from the experimental and theoretical works.
Thermal Properties of Simulated Non-Ideal Systems
Authors: Khrustalyov Yu.V. , Vaulina O.S. , Petrov O.F. , Fortov V.E.
Published: February 2022

The dependence of the thermal conductivity on the temperature is studied for a simulated non-ideal Yukawa system by means of the Green–Kubo formula in a wide range of parameters. The phase state of the system under study is changed from a strongly coupled 2D-solid to a low-coupled hot liquid. A method of calculation of the thermal conductivity for 2D-systems via the Green–Kubo formula is developed.
High-Temperature Heat and Mass Transfer and Critical Phenomena in the Gas Mixtures of Carbon Particles
Authors: Orlovskaya S.G. , Kalinchak V.V. , Zuy O.N. , Mandel O.V. , Kachan S.V.
Published: February 2022

The influence of internal reactions on the characteristics of high-temperature heat and mass transfer and the critical conditions for the ignition and the extinction in gas suspensions of carbon particles are researched. It is found that the internal reactions lead to asignificant decrease in the ignition delay and critical diameters, which determines the ignition and the extinction of particles of a gassuspension. It is proven that the porous particle extinguishes when its mass achieves some critical value. The intervals of initial diameters and mass concentrations of particles are determined corresponding to the most complete burnout of carbon fuel.
Deposition of Metal Films on Microparticles Trapped in RF Magnetron Discharge
Authors: Pal A.F. , Rudavets A.G. , Ryabinkin A.N. , Serov A.O.
Published: February 2022

The technique for a metal film deposition on spherical microparticles in an RF plasma trap is presented. Both the particle confinement and the electrode sputtering are performed by a single RF magnetron discharge. The samples of a coated spheres are obtained and examined. The technique allows confining the particles near to the sputtered region close to the border zone of ballistic bombardment by sputtered atoms.
On the Role of Electron Quantum Tunneling in Charging of Dust Grains in Complex Plasma
Authors: Tyshetskiy Yu.O. , Vladimirov S.V.
Published: February 2022

The role of the quantum tunneling effect in the electron accretion current onto a negatively charged grain immersed in isotropic plasma is analyzed, within the quasiclassic approximation, for different plasma electron distribution functions, plasma parameters, and grain sizes. It is shown that the contribution of the quantum tunneling into the grain charging is small (negligible) for relatively large (micron-sized) dust grains in plasmas with electron temperatures of the order of a few eV, but becomes important for nano-sized dust grains (tens to hundreds nm in diameter) in cold and ultracold plasmas (electron temperatures ~ tens to hundreds of Kelvin degrees), especially in plasmas with depleted high-energy "tails" in the electron energy distribution.
Спектр електронів низькоенергетичної області, що виникає при опроміненні Au α-частинками 238Pu
Authors: Купряшкін В.Т. , Сидоренко Л.П. , Феоктістов О.І. , Ровенських Є.П.
Published: February 2022

Методом часових (αe)-збігів досліджено низькоенергетичний спектр електронів, що виникає внаслідок бомбардування атомів мішені Au α-частинками 238Pu. Іонізація атомів при бомбардуванні їх зарядженими частинками розглядається як струс електронів у неперервний спектр при раптовому збуренні їх налітаючою частинкою. Порівняння експериментального розподілу вилітаючих електронів по енергії з розрахунковим показало гарне узгодження, що підтверджує правильність опису іонізації як результат ефекту струсу.
Hidden Affinities Of Andrey Bely And Otokar Březina
Authors: Vorel Jan
Published: February 2022

T In the article we aim to compare aesthetic worlds of A. Bely and O. Březina. We have concluded that they both created philosophical and aesthetical systems having directed symbolism to be understood as a complex of means of more profound cognition of reality.
‘A sacred relic kept’
Authors: Brummitt Jamie L
Published: February 2022

By at least the 1830s, evangelical Protestants in the United States considered relic collection and distribution to be an essential part of an individual’s ‘good death’ experience. Protestant relics took form as bodily and contact relics. Bodily relics included locks of hair, pictures of bodies that once lived, post-mortem images, and, in rare cases, blood and bones. Contact relics included Bibles, clothes, burial shrouds, letters, and other objects associated with the dead. Evangelical publishers employed the memoir genre to teach children and adults how to distribute these relics on their deathbeds to family and friends. Some evangelical children even modeled handwritten memoirs of their friends after these published accounts. By the mid-nineteenth century, most Anglo-American Protestants regarded relic collection and distribution around the deathbed as a defining feature of evangelicalism. This held true for evangelical women, children, and men. In fact, evangelical men took these deathbed practices with them to war. Civil War soldiers who died away from home insisted on writing deathbed letters to families as part of their good death experiences. These letters usually carried soldiers’ most treasured possessions back home as Protestant relics, including locks of hair, Bibles, and rings.
An Intimate Rebuke: Female Genital Power in Ritual and Politics in West Africa By L. S. Grillo (2018)
Authors: Johnson Michelle C
Published: February 2022

An Intimate Rebuke: Female Genital Power in Ritual and Politics in West Africa By L. S. Grillo (2018) Durham: Duke University Press, ix + 284pp.
Jain Antecedents
Authors: Gombrich Richard
Published: February 2022

Influences of Jainism on Buddhism
The Social and Political role of the Saṅgha in Lanka
Authors: Raghavan Suren
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines the history of Buddhism and key texts alongside developments in Lankan history to try to define the nature of of the society of Buddha and to trace some of the strands defining the relationship between the Buddhist movement and political governance through the centuries. In seeking to seek to map the institutionalization of the Buddhist order and the resultant political powers this process created in Lanka, the chapter asks whether early Buddhism outlined and effected an alternative power arrangement to existing modes prevalent at the time. Finally, through detailed analysis, the chapter concludes that the evolution of the self-understanding of the Saṅgha in Lanka went through four major phases: 1. From the Pāli Tripiṭaka teaching to the Mahāvaṃsic outlook (from 300 BCE to 500 CE), 2. from monastic worldview (Lokottara) to social worldview (Laukika) (500 CE to 1700), 3. from a universalistic, open outlook to an ethnic and caste orientation, (1700–1900), and finally 4. from being supporters of political groups and policies to direct political engagement (1900–2010).
Three Saṅgha Activists and their Politics
Authors: Raghavan Suren
Published: February 2022

The aim of this chapter is to trace the cross-fertilizing dynamics between Sinhala Buddhist ethnoreligious nationalism and the worldview of three selected Saṅgha activists as they affected the local politics between 1990 and 2010. The chapter will reconstruct their worldview and perception towards the minority political demands in Lanka and the “unitary” ideology they advanced. The three Saṅgha to be considered in this chapter and their periods of influence are as follows: Venerable Walpola Rāhula 1995–1997 Venerable Gaṅgoḍawila Sōma 2000–2003 Venerable Athuraliyē Rathana 2004–2010 The analysis of their self-understanding in the selective biographies set out in this chapter will help us understand why federalism, instead of providing a solution, fuelled Saṅgha hostility and agitation.
The Forest Hypothesis
Authors: Drewes David
Published: February 2022

This chapter examines the ‘Forest Hypothesis’ of early Mahāyāna, which has been influential in recent decades. It argues that the theory has little evidentiary support and is primarily based on the old idea that Buddhism is essentially focused on the pursuit of religious experience or ‘awakening’.
Charismatic Gurus in Adult Education
Authors: Newcombe Suzanne
Published: February 2022

In addition to the efforts of the yoga enthusiasts detailed in the previous chapter, two highly popular Indian teachers changed the face of yoga by teaching in adult education venues, Yogini Sunita (1932-1970) and B.K.S. Iyengar (1918-2011). Both of these teachers attracted thousands of students to their classes. Yogini Sunita was based at the Birmingham Athletics Institute during the 1960s. While B.K.S. Iyengar’s was championed under the Inner London Educational Authority, gaining a monopoly on yoga classes in these publicly-funded inner London venues from 1969 to around 1980. This chapter focuses on the secular interests and pressures of that the structures of the educational institutes placed upon the yoga being taught and how these systematized and transformed the nature of yoga teaching and ‘teacher training.’
Yoga on the Telly
Authors: Newcombe Suzanne
Published: February 2022

Simultaneous to the youth exploration of yoga and Indian spirituality was an increasing standardization and accessibility of yoga as exercise on television. The first presentations of Sir Paul Dukes (1889– 1967) on BBC television in 1949 were not well received by audiences. However, by the late 1960s the public was much more receptive. Perhaps the most popular televised programme in Britain was Yoga for Health (1971-74), imported from the United States and featuring Richard Hittleman (1927-1991). The success of Hittleman’s series lead to a UK-based spin-off series featuring Lyn Marshall which continued into the 1980s and a number of rival BBC programmes featuring yoga taught by Aruthur Balaskas which had been influenced by the anti-psychiatry of R.D. Laing, as well as a yoga feature on the popular lunchtime show Pebble Mill at One, whose yoga teachers had been taught by Punjabi immigrants to Britain, Dr. Gopal and Kalaish Puri. This chapter argues that yoga on television was a continuation of the adult education cultural form in which secular benefits for health and wellbeing were emphasized.
Yoga as Therapy
Authors: Newcombe Suzanne
Published: February 2022

Many reported experience of physical pain and suffering as a motivation to begin yoga practice. This chapter explores the growth of yoga as therapy to deal with specific medical complaints, with a particular focus on The Yoga for Health Foundation, the Yoga Biomedical Trust and B.K.S. Iyengar’s traditions of yoga for ‘remedial’ conditions as varying visions of applying yoga as therapy. The further professionalization of yoga teaching in the therapeutic context is considered. It is argued that yoga in Britain avoided a medical model of professionalization, while maintaining a popular promise of improving health and well-being.
Dudjom Rinpoche's Re-presentation of Pema Lingpa's Ultra Secret Razor Lifeforce Vajrakīlaya (yang gsang srog gi spu gri)
Authors: Cantwell Cathy
Published: February 2022

Dudjom Rinpoche compiled a number of ritual practice texts for the Vajrakīlaya revelation cycle of Bhutan’s national saint, Pema Lingpa (padma gling pa, 1450–1521), also writing commentarial instructions on them. Here, two of his compilations are examined in detail. In assessing Dudjom Rinpoche's two texts, various aspects of the productive process are highlighted, such as: the 'blessings' of a current generation high status lama connected with the tradition; the needs of the ritual community for familiar textual structures and liturgies; beautiful metrical verses for chanting; the integration of materials from the broader tantric heritage, but also the preservation of some highly individual elements of the revelation.
Verbs of Saying and Images of Huineng
Authors: Yu Hailing
Published: February 2022

3.1 Introduction 3.2 Analysis and discussion 3.2.1 General verbs of saying 3.2.2 Specific verbs of saying 3.3 Interpretation: in relation to context 3.4 Conclusion
Mood and Modality and Images of Huineng
Authors: Yu Hailing
Published: February 2022

5.1 Introduction 5.2 Mood and modality: a systemic functional perspective 5.2.1 Clause as exchange, speech function, mood and modality 5.2.2 Mood and modality in clauses as statements 5.2.3 Mood and modality in clauses as commands 5.3 Analytical procedure 5.4 Analysis and discussion 5.4.1 Statements: how authoritative is Huineng? 5.4.2 Commands: how powerful is Huineng? 5.4.3 Summary 5.5 Why are different types of image recreated? 5.5.1 Textual consideration 5.5.2 Contextual consideration 5.6 Conclusion
Christian Culture and the History of Religions
Authors: Dubuisson Daniel
Published: February 2022

Links, Numerous and Diffuse The Invention of “Religio“ The Intellectual Hegemony of Christianity Power, Church and Religion
Prologue: Rethinking Yoga
Authors: Newcombe Suzanne
Published: February 2022

The introduction considers the apparent ‘crisis of authenticity’ amongst contemporary yoga practitioners. It argues that in the course of the twentieth century, yoga was studied, popularized and practiced in ways that have fundamentally influenced the kaleidoscopic understandings of yoga present in the current environment. Those who investigated, interrogated and taught yoga traditions in the twentieth century were (in most cases) attempting to respectfully explore a tradition which might meet present needs. It argues that the popularization of yoga in the British context was highly influential in understanding the shape of contemporary global yoga.
Introduction
Authors: Wildcroft Theodora
Published: February 2022

Chapter 1 contextualises the emergence of post-lineage yoga as a phenomenon. While mindfulness apps and Instagram yoga stars are still in the business of selling yoga, we are also witnessing a widespread reckoning with abuses by high-profile teachers, and growing attempts to diversify the practice to marginalised and vulnerable populations. As I will show, all these developments are also characteristic of post-lineage yoga. Beyond the simple dichotomies of traditional versus commercial, spiritual versus secular, and indeed born of the productive tensions between them, post-lineage yoga defies easy categorisation. • The usefulness of post-lineage yoga (PLY) as a concept for understanding a little-known British subculture of yoga camps and festivals • A comparison of PLY with the visible yoga mainstream: PLY as subculture and as process • Key features of the camps at the heart of the subculture
Case Studies
Authors: Wildcroft Theodora
Published: February 2022

Part 2 moves to six case studies of yoga teachers who are key figures in their common subculture. 6 practice case studies, each with a key theme: Case study 1: “The pristine body” Case study 2: The “microbial temple” Case study 3: The dance of “Śiva and Śakti” Case study 4: “Part of you and part of nature and everything” Case study 5: “Building nerves of steel” with building blocks of practice Case study 6: “One step in the world and one step in spirit”
Introduction
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

This provides basic background on the Red Book and a brief account of the Middle Way in Buddhism and as developed in previous work, followed by an outline of the purpose and course of this book.
The Tree of Life and the Mandala
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

The Red Book includes a number of pictures that particularly explore the symbolism of the Tree of Life and the mandala. Both these offer symbolic representations of integration and the Middle Way, though Jung varied and developed them in striking ways.
The Soul and the Anima
Authors: Ellis Robert M.
Published: February 2022

Jung encounters the feminine in himself in the form of his soul, whom he meets in various attractive forms in different visions. The feminine also often stands for embodied meaning and love in Jung’s experience. Jung works imperfectly with his love-hate relationship with his soul, but succeeds to the extent that he avoids the extremes of response. The Buddhist Brahmavihara meditations are explored as a practical way of working with the unbalanced demands that may accompany love for the projected anima/ animus.