bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Study of the early Stage of Deposition Process for Electrodeposited Ni100-XFeX Thin Films
Authors: Messaadi Saci , Daamouche Mosbah , Guittoum Abderrahim , Medouer Hadria , Fenineche Noureddine , Zidani Ibtissem
Published: November 2011

The aim of this work is to understand the early stages in the growth mechanism of invar (Fe64Ni34) alloys and also to study the influence of potential on the evolution of their crystalline structures. Fe64Ni34 layers were deposited onto copper substrates under optimal conditions using the electrochemical method of cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA). The influence of the potential is examined and the nucleation kinetics is discussed. In this purpose, the obtained experimental data was interpreted by applying useful theoretical methods developed by Scharifker and Hills. X-ray diffraction experiments were performed on all samples in order to follow the structural evolution of Fe64Ni34 layers as a function of the potential.
Effect of Substrate Temperature on Microstructural Characteristics of Thermal Sprayed Superalloys
Authors: Azarmi Fardad , Karami Ghodrat
Published: November 2011

Recently, there has been a huge interest in application of thermal spraying processes to apply a protective layer on the surface of engineering components. Thermal spraying as a near net shape forming technique has also found applications in manufacturing of advanced engineering components. Spraying methods such as High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF), Vacuum Plasma Spraying (VPS), and Air Plasma Spraying (APS) are among the most commonly used deposition techniques. Coatings are built up from impact of molten particles on the substrate surface and their flattening and solidification (splat formation). Deposition of millions of individual splats connected to each other at different layers will result in a lamellae type structure. This is a typical example of an anisotropic microstructure. The microstructural features such as porosity, oxide layers define the physical and mechanical properties of coating material. This study investigates the influence of substrate temperature on microstructural characteristics of APS deposited superalloy 625 on steel substrate. The coatings were deposited on substrates at different temperatures. The porosity level was measured using prosimetry. Both image analysis technique and Electron Probe Microanalysis (EPMA) was used to measure the amount of oxide phase. The results indicated that lower substrate temperature results in lower oxide in microstructure. There has been no significant change in porosity level due to substrate temperature.
Silver-Rutile UV Sensor Fabricated on Thermally Oxidized Titanium Foil
Authors: Lajvardi Mehdi Mohamadzade , Hossein-Babaei Faramarz , Boroumand Farhad Akbari
Published: November 2011

A UV-sensitive Schottky diode of Ag-rutile-Ti structure is fabricated on a thermally oxidized titanium chip. The junction is formed by the thermal evaporation of silver in vacuum and a subsequent controlled annealing process. Applying a biasing voltage of-300 mV, the reverse current of the fabricated silver-rutile-titanium structure increases five orders of magnitude under 50 µW/mm2 UV illumination ( λ=355 nm). The device is visible-blind and its operation is described based on the photoelectric mechanism in the carrier-depleted oxide layer. The dominance of the photoelectric, rather than photoconductive, mechanism along with the dense rutile layer are responsible for the fast transient times observed. The response and recovery times of the device are 800 µs and 7 ms, respectively.The device is stable and extremely cost effective.
Magnetic Field Sensor Based on the Domain Wall Nucleation and Propagation
Authors: Kokkinis Georgios
Published: November 2011

In this paper we present a magnetic field sensor based on the domain wall nucleation and propagation process in glass covered amorphous wires. The sensor utilizes the Sixtus and Tonks apparatus. A linear characteristic is reported to magnetic fields with direction opposite to the driving field, while to fields with the same direction; a monotonic, though inappropriate for sensing applications, respond is shown.
Use of Superficial Magnetic Techniques to Evaluate the Mechanical Properties of Duplex Stainless Steels
Authors: Giannouli Christina
Published: November 2011

Aim of this study is the correlation among magnetic properties, tensile deformation and microstructure of the duplex stainless steel 2205. This correlation is achieved by the magnetic ferrite phase of the two phase microstructure. The amount of Barkhausen noise for a given material is linked with the amount of impurities, crystal dislocations, etc. and can be a good indication of mechanical properties of the material. Specimens of the alloy DSS2205 were tested under tensile deformation in different percentages and the magnetic measurements were taken online, during the tensile deformation. The measurements of the parameters of BHN combined with the percentages of the deformations and their graphic plot showed an exponential relationship. Microstructure studied with SEM technique. Macro hardness also measured and its measurements compared with those of BHN. The resultant plots showed a linear proportion among them.
Metamaterial Sensor Based on WGM
Authors: Yang Jing Jing , Huang Ming , Sun Jun , Yang Jun Dong
Published: November 2011

Sensor utilizing metamaterials have opened up a new ﬁeld of considerable interest. We extend here the works of our group about metamaterial sensor based on Whispering Gallery Mode (WGM), which is constructed with a microring resonator sensor coated with metamaterial layer. We demonstrate that our sensor possesses higher sensitivity than the traditional sensor since the amplification and penetration of evanescent wave by metamaterials.
Studies of Magnetic Properties of Amorphous Microwires Produced by Combination of by Quenching, Glass Removal and Drawing Techniques
Authors: Zhukova Valentina , Umnov P. , Molokanov V. , Shalygin A.N. , Zhukov Arcady P.
Published: November 2011

In this paper we report on fabrication and characterization of nearly-zero magnetostriction Co69Fe4Cr4Si12B11amorphous microwires produced by two different methods: i-fabricated by combination of usual Tailor-Ulitovski method allowing rapid quenching of composite glass coated microwires following by glass removal techniques (with diameter about 90 μm); ii-produced by Tailor-Ulitovski method with consequent glass removal and warm drawing (at 300 °C). In first case the metallic nucleus diameter has been about 90 μm and after drawing we obtained microwires with diameter about 55 μm. Drawn samples have been annealed at temperatures between 250 and 450 °C. We studied GMI effect (dependence of impedance, Z, on applied magnetic field H) and hysteretic magnetic properties in produced microwires. Ferromagnetic magnetic without glass coating with good magnetic and mechanical properties and GMI effect have been obtained. We can tailor the microwires magnetic properties for its application in magnetic sensors through the selection of adequate thermal treatment conditions.
CO Sensing Properties of La1-xCaxFeO3 Perovskite Nanocrystalline Materials
Authors: Zhao Ming , Sun Li Hui , Hu Ji Fan , Qin Hong Wei
Published: November 2011

The La1-xCaxFeO3 nanocrystalline powders were prepared by sol-gel method. These powders crystallized as perovskite orthorhombic structure. With an increase of Ca content, the resistance of La1-xCaxFeO3 sensors in air decreases at first, undergoes a minimum at x=0.3, and then increases again. La1-xCaxFeO3-based sensors show sensitive responses to CO. Among those La1-xCaxFeO3-based sensors, the sensor with x=0.2 shows the highest response to 200 ppm CO at operating temperatures below 325°C. The highest response S=(RCO-Rair)/RCO for the La0.8Ca0.2FeO3 based sensor to 200 ppm CO is 87% with response time 15 s and recovery time 60 s at an operating temperature of 100°C.
PVD of N-CuIn3Se5 Photoabsorber Films
Authors: Adhikari N. , Bereznev S. , Kois J. , Volobujeva O. , Raadik Taavi , Traksmaa R. , Tverjanovich A. , Öpik A.
Published: November 2011

Thin films of Cu-In-Se (CISe) photoabsorber with overall composition of CuIn3Se5 were deposited onto glass/ITO substrates by using physical vapour deposition (PVD) technique. Thermal conditions for the substrates during deposition process and following thermal annealing were selected with the purpose to prepare polycrystalline n-CuIn3Se5 photoabsorber layers for the hybrid photovoltaic structures based on inorganic photoabsorber and conductive polymer functional layers. It was found, that the CISe layers deposited at the temperature of substrate of 200 °C and annealed at the temperature range of 450-500 oC in vacuum and double annealed in argon and vacuum at 500 oC demonstrate high photosensitivity and photoconductivity under white light illumination of 100 mW/cm2 intensity. Obtained results show the chalcopyrite structure of prepared photoabsorber films with good adhesion to the glass/ITO substrate.
Effect of Coordination of Molecules on the Properties of Water as Solvent
Authors: De Ninno Antonella , Castellano Agostina Congiu
Published: November 2011

IR spectra of mixtures of light and heavy water seem to provide a clear evidence for the existence of substructures, each of which may be assigned to a particular kind of water molecule on the basis of their correlation with the local environment. These substructures have been related to three different populations named correlated, non correlated and intermediate according to their degree of correlation. Experimental data analysis show that, in a mixture of H2O-D2O, each population participates differently to the solution process.
Fuzzy Control of Reactant Supply System in PEM Fuel Cell
Authors: Hożyń Stanisław , Żak Bogdan
Published: November 2011

Paper presents the attempt to make a synthesis of a fuel cell control system using fuzzy logic. The main emphasis was placed on taking into account the limitations of fuel cell usage onto underwater ships. The fuel cell system model was implemented in MATLAB/SIMULINK as well as proposed control system. For the formulated model there were made the simulation researches and the comparison analysis of the elaborated control systems were performed.
Application of Adaptive Filtering for Weak Impulsive Signal Recovery for Bearings Local Damage Detection in Complex Mining Mechanical Systems Working under Condition of Varying Load
Authors: Zimroz Radoslaw , Bartelmus Walter
Published: November 2011

The paper shows application of an adaptive filter as a pre-processor for impulsive cyclic weak signal recovery from raw vibration signals captured from complex mechanical systems used in the industry (namely bearings used in pulleys – parts of driving units for belt conveyors). Periodic/cyclic impulses are related to local faults which cause impulse/concentric forces/stresses in kinematic pairs. Typical examples of such local faults which cause mechanical system condition change are spall/pitting on bearings elements: outer/inner races and/or rolling elements. For analyzed objects, impulses associated with local faults are masked by other signal sources. In the first part of the paper are presented objects for the better understanding of mechanical phenomena that exist in the system, then preliminary signal analysis will be performed (in time, frequency and time-frequency domain) for the identification of signal nature. Next the idea of an adaptive system and the brief description of Normalized Least Mean Square (NLMS) algorithm will be presented. Application of NLMS is better than classical LMS due to stability of the adaptation. In the last section the results of adaptive filtering for signals from bearings is discussed. Authors show application of NLMS (for the first time in literature) for the case when signals are received from machines working in industrial condition. There were made only trails when the machines were investigated in laboratory conditions.
Ship Shock Modeling of Underwater Explosion
Authors: Grządziela Andrzej
Published: November 2011

Ship shock tests have been conducted for shock qualification of hull integrity and proper operation systems and subsystems. The ship shock trial identifies design and construction and it also validates shock hardening criteria. The main problem is that ship shock trials are costly. Numerical modeling and simulation, using FEM, may provide information to look into the details of fluid model, dynamic characteristics of ship hull and its internal component. The ship shock modeling and simulation has been performed and the predicted results were compared with ship shock test data made into sea trials. The preliminary studies of shock analysis approach is presented and the important parameters are discussed.
Digital Receiving of OQPSK Signals Dedicated for Maritime Mechatronic Systems
Authors: Studański Ryszard
Published: November 2011

In this paper authors present a possible way to receive a narrowband digital signal that was previously registered in a wide spectrum. To begin with a scheme of receiving equipment is shown. Next, the digital signal processing leading to extraction information from narrowband OQPSK signal is described.
Using a TN-LC Cell as the Mask to Create Individual Bidirectional Alignment Layer in a Single Photoalignment Exposure
Authors: Zhou Ji Wei , Wang Bin , Ke Guang Ming , Chen Geng , Li Rui Xing
Published: November 2011

A method using a TN-LC cell as the mask to create individual bidirectional alignment layer in a single photoalignment exposure was demonstrated. Both the theory and experiments were investigated. The results indicated that the bidirectional alignment layer can be achieved rapidly and individually. The method exhibited significant potential in special LCD production and security applications.
Quantitative Determination of Color Coordinates for Lumninescent Materials
Authors: Zhai Bao Gai , Huang Yuan Ming
Published: November 2011

On the basis of the photoluminescence spectra, a spectrophotometric methodology is developed to determine the color coordinates of luminescent materials such as the red light-emitting porous silicon film, the green light-emitting aluminate-based phosphor and the blue light-emitting liquid crystal.
Planar Dipole Antenna on Liquid Crystal Polymer Substrate at 2.4 GHz
Authors: Madhav B.T.P. , Pisipati V.G.K.M. , Latha D. Madhavi , Prasad P.V. Datta
Published: November 2011

Liquid crystal polymers are the low cost, flexible structured and low weight substrate materials for making antennas. Liquid crystal polymers are excellent dielectric materials having good electrical, mechanical properties which suites in the application of microstrip patch antennas. In this paper liquid crystal polymer with dielectric constant 3.16 is used as substrate material for planar dipole antenna designed to operate at 2.4 GHz. Ansoft-HFSS software is used to simulate the proposed model and obtained the return loss, input impedance, 3D-gain, 2D-gain total, radiation patterns in E and H planes, E-field and H-field distribution results.
Good Quality N (a-Si)-P+(Na-Si)-P (μC-Si) Tunnel Junction for Tandem Solar Cells
Authors: Chen Lan Li , Shi Ming Ji , Yu Jia Hui
Published: November 2011

A new tunnel-recombination junction model was proposed to increase the recombination of n/p junctions in tandem solar cells. According to the model, we fabricated a new tunnel junction with a nanostructured amorphous silicon p+(na-Si p+) layer inserted between the n layer and the p layer. To compare with the conventional method, we fabricated another tunnel junction with an amorphous p+(a-Si p+) insertion layer. Both devices were characterized by their dark current-voltage behavior (I-V), activation energy (Ea) and quantum efficiency (QE). The result shows that the tunnel junction with a na-Si p+insertion layer has higher recombination rates with higher density of defect states of about 2.7×1019cm-3, lower resistance with activation energy of 22meV. The tunnel junction with a na-Si p+insertion layer could be easily integrated into the tandem solar cell deposition process.
Origin of Blue Photoluminescence from Naturally Oxidized Porous Silicon
Authors: Huang Yuan Ming , Ma Qing Lan , Zhai Bao Gai
Published: November 2011

Upon the 325 nm excitation from a helium-cadmium laser, the photoluminescence (PL) from aged porous silicon was investigated with fluorescence spectroscopy. Each PL spectrum of the aged porous silicon films contained two luminescent bands, one of the luminescent bands peaked at about 466.7 nm whereas the other luminescent band peaked at about 596.1 nm. The origin of the blue PL from aged porous silicon was discussed, and our results indicated that the blue photoluminescence of porous silicon films originated from the silicon oxide itself.
Anisotropic Hole Mobility in Strained Si1-xGex/(001)Si
Authors: Song Jian Jun , Lei Shuai , Zhang He Ming , Hu Hui Yong
Published: November 2011

Applying KP theory combined with deformation potential we obtained the valence band structure, and based on this result we calculated the orientation-dependent effective mass which is also called conductivity effective mass in strained Si1-xGex/(001)Si in this research, and furthermore ,we established the scattering rate model by using the density-of-states effective mass. On the basis of conductivity effective mass and scattering rate model, utilizing analytical method and relaxation time approximation we obtained the dependence of the value of hole mobility on stress and doping concentration in strained Si1-xGex/(001)Si along different crystal orientations. Compare to the unstrained Si, the anisotropy of hole mobility is more obvious in strained Si1-xGex/(001)Si, for example, It shows that under the same stress and doping concentration (Ni=1x1014cm-3, x=0.4), the value of hole mobility along [010] crystal orientation is visibly higher than other crystal orientations. This result can provide valuable references to the research of hole mobility of strained Si1-xGex materials and the design of devices.
Mesophase and Optical Properties of Side Chain Copolyacrylate with Mesogens and OLLA Segments Side Chains
Authors: Liu Ya Ping , Li Zhuo Hua , Sun Ling Min , Dong Run Tao , Chen Hong Ru , Xue Qing Bin
Published: November 2011

Thermal properties and phase behaviors of series of newly synthesized copolyacrylate esters with oligomeric-L-LA (OLLA) segments (DP = 10-40) and mesogens as side chains were characterized. The OLLAs prepared by ring opening polymerization of L-LA with active HO-group were modified to form polymerizable acrylate esters and then copolymerized with polymerizable mesogens. The thermal behaviors of these copolyacrylate esters were studied by DSC and POM measurements and phase structures by XRD measurements. The mesogens showed very good induce effect on the formation of layered structures. CD measurements were used to determine the helical structure and the optical rotation power of the side chain copolyacrylate esters.
Annealing of a-Si:H Thin Film by Rapid Thermal Process
Authors: Wang Yu Cang , Jin Rui Min
Published: November 2011

Undoped amorphous silicon film deposited by PECVD,and annealed by rapid tharmal process,then have been studied by using micro-Raman scattering, X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope.It is found that crystallized silicon films is different at different annealing temperatures, there exists a better annealing temperature.
Effect of Rotating Speed on Properties of Antireﬂective Coatings
Authors: Jin Rui Min , Guo Xin Feng , Cai Zhi Duan , Cang Li Min , Tao Yan , Han Xiang Ju
Published: November 2011

Sol-gel thin films prepared by rotating coating technique, sol–gel derived bulk was prepared from constant water (H2O)/tetraethyl-orthosilicate (TEOS) ratio, rotating coating was carried out at different rotating speed 1000r/min (high speed) and 800r/min (low speed), 1500r/min (high speed) and 800r/min (low speed),2000r/min (high speed) and 800r/min (low speed),2500r/min (high speed) and 800r/min (low speed) respectively. The films were characterized by ellipsometer and SEM respectively. The experimental results show the thickness and refractive index of films are become smaller and smaller with the rotating speeds increasing.
Optical Study of Orientational Order Parameter in p-n-(Phenyl Benzylidene) -p-Alkyl and Alkyloxy Anilines
Authors: Rajeswari B.R. , Pardhasaradhi P. , Rao M. Ramakrishna Nanachara , Prasad P.V. Datta , Latha D. Madhavi , Pisipati V.G.K.M.
Published: November 2011

The refractive indices measurements are carried out using a modified spectrometer connected with wedge shaped cell and also the direct measurement of birefringence,δn obtained from Newton’s rings method with an indigenous setup for the liquid crystalline compoundsp-n-(phenyl benzylidene)-p-n-alkyl and alkyloxy anilines, PBnA and PBnOA compounds. The molecular polarizabilitiy anisotropy (α||- α⊥) is calculated for these compounds from different methods such as Lippincott δ-function model, molecular vibration method, Haller’s extrapolation method and scaling methods respectively. Further, the estimation of the molecular polarizabilities αeand αoare done from the isotropic Vuks and anisotropic Neugebauer models. The order parameter directly calculated from ∆n employing the method developed by Kuczynski is compared with the order parameter estimated from the different models using molecular polarizabilities.
Polarizing Optical Microscopic Characterization of Nematic Liquid Crystal Confined in Porous Silicon
Authors: Huang Yuan Ming , Ma Qing Lan , Zhai Bao Gai
Published: November 2011

With polarizing optical microscopy we have investigated the electro-optic properties of a nematic liquid crystal 4-n-pentyl-4′-cyanobipheny confined in the microchannels of porous silicon. Experimental study shows clearly that the liquid crystal molecules tend to align parallel to the direction of the pore columns in porous silicon. Schlieren textures with S = +1 and +2 disclinations were recorded. Our experimental investigations show that uniaxial alignment, the planar radial and the escaped radial configurations exist around the given microchannels of porous silicon.
Blue Fluorescent Liquid Crystal N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-n-alkoxybenzenamine
Authors: Ma Qing Lan , Zhai Bao Gai , Xiong Rui , Huang Yuan Ming
Published: November 2011

Rod-like liquid crystals N-(4-methoxybenzylidene)-4-n-alkoxybenzenamine (MBnBA,n= 1, 2, 10) were synthesized and then were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry, polarizing optical microscopy, ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry and fluorescence spectroscopy. Our results demonstrated that the dilute tetrahydrofuran solutions of each member in the family of MBnBA could give off blue fluorescence under the 325 nm excitation. The calculated electronic structures revealed that the fluorescence recorded at 469 nm (2.65 eV) was the result ofπ* →ntransitions in the molecules of the synthesized liquid crystals MBnBA.
DNA Variation in myoMIRs of the 1, 133, and 208 Families in Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy
Authors: Palacín María , Coto Eliecer , Reguero Julián R. , Martín María , Morís César , Alonso Belén , Díaz Marta , Corao Ana I. , Alvarez Victoria
Published: November 2011

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small RNAs that bind to mRNAs and regulate gene expression. MyoMirs are miRNAs implicated in cardiogenesis. Some MyoMirs have been found deregulated in hearts from patients with left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). DNA variants at these miRNAs could contribute to the risk of developing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). To test this hypothesis we used single strand conformation analysis and direct sequencing to search for DNA variants in the mir-208a, miR-208b, miR-133a-1, miR-133a-2, miR-133b, miR-1-1, and miR-1-2 genes in patients with HCM (n=245), LVH secondary to hypertension (n=120), and healthy controls (n=250). We found several nucleotide variants. Genotyping of patients and healthy controls showed significantly associations between a 133a-1 polymorphism and HCM and a 133b polymorphism and hypertensive- LVH. We concluded that rare variants in these mature miRNAs would be rarely found among HCM patients, but miR-133a-1 and 133b polymorphisms could contribute to the risk of developing cardiac hypertrophy.
Kanegelo ya Nimirode: Re lebelela diphihlelelo t�a gagwe ka lefsa
Authors: Farisani Elelwani B.
Published: November 2011

Kanegelo ya Hama/Nimirode e �omi�it�we go gatelela Bathobaso ba Afrika-Borwa le ba Amerika. Taodi�wana ye e lekola Nimirode ka lefsa le go t�ea magato a go bu�et�a seriti sa gagwe le sa Bathobaso sekeng.Seo se tlo dirwa ka dikgato t�e tlhano ka mo tlase. Sa mathomo, re tlo lekola dimelo t�a bana ba Noage, go kwe�i�a Nimirode, yo e lego yena �edi ye kgolo ya taodi�wana ye. Sa bobedi re tlo lebelela ka fao bangwadi ba bangwe ba t�welet�ago seswant�ho sa go befa sa Nimirode. Sa boraro, re tlo sekaseka tiri�o ya kanegelo ya Hama/Nimirode go gatelela le go dira Bathobaso makgoba. Sa bone, re tlo sekaseka diphihlelelo le dikatlego t�a Nimirode. Mo re tlo tsepelela diphihlelelo t�a gagwe t�e tharo t�e kgolo bjalo ka go ba mmu�i wa maemo, motsomi yo maatla le moagi. Nepo ya karolo ye ke go ganet�ana le tshekatsheko ya go se be botse ye e nepilwego Nimirode nakong ya go feta. Re tlo tlalelet�a ka go fa tshekatsheko ye e tebilego ya thogako godimo ga Hama/Ku�e/Nimirode. Sa bohlano, ebile e le sa mafelelo, re tlo t�welet�a nyanyeng bohlokwa bja kanegelo ya Nimirode go bao ba bego ba gatelet�we le go ba makgoba ka baka la temana ye. Re tlo nepi�a Afrika-Borwa.
Overcoming modernity�s individualism: Becoming a community of peace in the face of violence
Authors: Suderman Andrew G.
Published: November 2011

Modernity�s understanding of the primacy of the individual represents a significant challenge to a holistic understanding of the vocation of the church. Furthermore, individualism, that is the understanding of oneself as separate and apart from others, is often the foundation for violence against the other as the interconnectivity, and therefore the dependence and vulnerability inherent within a relationship, is lost. When the church is relegated to serve individuals as private and individualised belief systems, it is banished to a cold, dark cell of isolation. In order to respond to violence, the church needs to create communities that restore and reconcile relationships, thus embodying peace.
Embryonal carcinoma in androgen insensitivity syndrome
Authors: Barmon Debabrata , Kataki Amal Chandra , Sharma J D , Hafizur Rahman
Published: November 2011

Embryonal cell carcinoma is a rare clinical entity. We report a case of a 20-year-old patient who presented with lump lower abdomen for last two months with primary amenorrhea and poorly developed secondary sexual characteristics. Ultrasonography (USG) whole abdomen showed lower abdominal mass approximately 15΄15΄10 cm, probably neoplastic changes in intra-abdominal testis, with mild ascites, no uterus and ovaries. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the tumor mass reported the possibility of non-seminomatous germ cell tumor, possibly embryonal carcinoma. The patient received three cycles of neo-adjuvant chemotherapy (Regime Bleomycin, Etoposide and Cisplatin) followed by laparotomy, at laparotomy (L) orchidectomy with removal of tumor, (R) orchidectomy, omentectomy and appendisectomy was performed. Postoperatively the patient received two more cycles of chemotherapy of the same regime. The patient has been under close follow-up for the last three years with no evidence of disease.
Metastatic adenocarcinoma in a young male, 12 years after treatment of primary non seminomatous germ cell tumor
Authors: Coca Pragnya , Gundeti Sadashivudu , Uppin Shantiveer , Digumarti Raghunadharao
Published: November 2011

A man aged 32 years presented with metastatic adenocarcinomatous deposits, 12 years after his initial diagnosis and treatment of immature teratoma of the testis. He was treated for his metastasis with local radiotherapy, failing which he underwent excision of the tumor and palliative chemotherapy. This case is presented for its rarity of occurrence, unique presenting features and difficulty in management.
Primary extraosseous intracranial Ewing′s sarcoma: Case report and literature review
Authors: Choudhury Krishnangshu Bhanja , Sharma Shyam , Kothari Ramesh , Majumder Anjali
Published: November 2011

Ewing′s sarcoma / peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumors occur most often in bone and soft tissues of children and young adults. The intracranial manifestation of the disease is rare, and when present, this is often misdiagnosed with other varieties of primary brain tumors. We report such a case of extraosseous Ewing′s sarcoma, which was initially suspected to be a case of meningioma in an 11-year-old girl.
Airborne measurements of trace gases and aerosols over the London metropolitan region
Authors: McMeeking G. R. , Bart M. , Chazette P. , Haywood J. M. , Hopkins J. R. , McQuaid J. B. , Morgan W. T. , Raut J.-C. , Ryder C. L. , Savage N. , Turnbull K. , Coe H.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The Emissions around the M25 motorway (EM25) campaign took place over the megacity of London in the United Kingdom in June 2009 with the aim of characterising trace gas and aerosol composition and properties entering and emitted from the urban region. It featured two mobile platforms, the UK BAe-146 Facility for Airborne Atmospheric Measurements (FAAM) research aircraft and a ground-based mobile lidar van, both travelling in circuits around London, roughly following the path of the M25 motorway circling the city. We present an overview of findings from the project, which took place during typical UK summertime pollution conditions. Emission ratios of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) emitted from the London region were consistent with measurements in and downwind of other large urban areas and indicated traffic and associated fuel evaporation were major sources. Sub-micron aerosol composition was dominated by secondary species including sulphate (24% of sub-micron mass in the London plume and 30% in the background aerosol), nitrate (24% plume; 18% background) and organic aerosol (30% plume; 30% background). The primary sub-micron aerosol emissions from London were minor compared to the larger regional background, with only limited increases in aerosol mass in the urban plume compared to the background (15% mass increase on average). Black carbon mass was the major exception, which more than doubled in the urban plume and lead to a decrease in the single scattering albedo from 0.91 in the background aerosol to 0.86 in the London plume, on average. Our observations indicated that regional aerosol appeared to dominate urban sources, at least during typical summertime conditions, meaning future efforts to reduce PM levels in London must account for regional as well as local aerosol sources.
Simulation of nitrogen deposition in the North China Plain by the FRAME model
Authors: Zhang Y. , Dore A. J. , Liu X. , Zhang F.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Simulation of atmospheric nitrogen (N) deposition in the North China Plain (NCP) at high resolution, 5 × 5 km2, was conducted for the first time by the Fine Resolution Atmospheric Multi-pollutant Exchange (FRAME) model. The total N deposition budget was 1481 Gg in this region, with 77 % from reduced N and 23 % from oxidized N, and the annual deposition rate (47 kg N ha−1) was much higher than previously reported values for other parts of the world such as the UK (13 kg N ha−1), Poland (7.3 kg N ha−1) and EU27 (8.6 kg N ha−1). The exported N component (1981 Gg) was much higher than the imported N component (584 Gg), suggesting that the NCP is an important net emission source of N pollutants. Contributions of N deposition budgets from the seven provinces in this region were proportional to their area ratios. The calculated spatial distributions of N deposition displayed high rates of reduced N deposition in the south and of oxidized N deposition in the eastern part. The N deposition exceeded an upper limit of 30 kg N ha−1 for natural ecosystems over more than 90 % of the region, resulting in terrestrial ecosystem deterioration, impaired air quality and coastal eutrophication not only in the NCP itself but also in surrounding areas including the Bohai Sea and the Yellow Sea.
Implementation of splitting methods for air pollution modeling
Authors: Schlegel M. , Knoth O. , Arnold M. , Wolke R.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Explicit time integration methods are characterized by a small numerical effort per time step. In the application to multiscale problems in atmospheric modeling, this benefit is often more than compensated by stability problems and step size restrictions resulting from stiff chemical reaction terms and from a locally varying Courant-Friedrichs-Lewy (CFL) condition for the advection terms. Splitting methods may be applied to efficiently combine implicit and explicit methods (IMEX splitting). Complementarily multirate time integration schemes allow for a local adaptation of the time step size to the grid size. In combination these approaches lead to schemes which are efficient in terms of evaluations of the right hand side. Special challenges arise when these methods are to be implemented. For an efficient implementation it is crucial to locate and exploit redundancies. Furthermore the more complex program flow may lead to computational overhead which in the worst case more than compensates the theoretical gain in efficiency. We present a general splitting approach which allows both for IMEX splittings and for local time step adaptation. The main focus is on an efficient implementation of this approach for parallel computation on computer clusters.
Development and evaluation of a building energy model integrated in the TEB scheme
Authors: Bueno B. , Pigeon G. , Norford L. K. , Zibouche K.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. The use of air-conditioning systems is expected to increase as a consequence of global-scale and urban-scale climate warming. In order to represent future scenarios of urban climate and building energy consumption, the Town Energy Budget (TEB) scheme must be improved. This paper presents a new building energy model (BEM) that has been integrated in the TEB scheme. BEM-TEB makes it possible to represent the energy effects of buildings and building systems on the urban climate and to estimate the building energy consumption at city scale (~10 km) with a resolution of a neighbourhood (~100 m). The physical and geometric definition of buildings in BEM has been intentionally kept as simple as possible, while maintaining the required features of a comprehensive building energy model. The model considers a single thermal zone, where the thermal inertia of building materials associated with multiple levels is represented by a generic thermal mass. The model accounts for heat gains due to transmitted solar radiation, heat conduction through the enclosure, infiltration, ventilation, and internal heat gains. As a difference with respect to other building parameterizations used in urban climate, BEM includes specific models for real air-conditioning systems. It accounts for the dependence of the system capacity and efficiency on indoor and outdoor air temperatures and solves the dehumidification of the air passing through the system. Furthermore, BEM includes specific models for passive systems, such as window shadowing devices and natural ventilation. BEM has satisfactorily passed different evaluation processes, including testing its modelling assumptions, verifying that the chosen equations are solved correctly, and validating the model with field data.
Multi-offset ground-penetrating radar imaging of a lab-scale infiltration test
Authors: Mangel A. R. , Moysey S. M. J. , Ryan J. C. , Tarbutton J. A.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. A lab scale infiltration experiment was conducted to evaluate the use of transient multi-offset ground-penetrating radar (GPR) data for characterizing dynamic hydrologic events in the vadose zone. A unique GPR data acquisition setup allowed sets of 21 traces at different offsets to be recorded every 30 s during a 3 h infiltration experiment. The result is a rich GPR data cube that can be viewed as multi-offset gathers at discrete moments in time or as common offset images that track changes in the GPR arrivals over the course of the experiment. These data allows us to continuously resolve the depth to soil boundaries while simultaneously tracking changes in wave velocity, which are strongly associated with soil water content variations. During the experiment the average volumetric water content estimated in the tank ranged between 10–30% with discrepancies between the GPR results, moisture probe data, and 1-D numerical modeling on the order of 3–5% (vol vol−1), though the patterns of the estimated water content over time were consistent for both wetting and drying cycles. Relative errors in the estimated depth to a soil boundary located 60 cm from the surface of the tank were typically on the order of 2% over the course of the experiment. During the period when a wetting front migrated downward through the tank, however, errors in the estimated depth of this boundary were as high as 25%, primarily as a result of wave interference between arrivals associated with the wetting front and soil boundary. Given that our analysis assumed one-dimensional, vertical infiltration, this high error could also suggest that more exhaustive GPR data and comprehensive analysis methods are needed to accurately image non-uniform flow produced during periods of intense infiltration. Regardless, we were able to track the movement of the wetting front through the tank and found a reasonably good correlation with in-situ water content measurements. We conclude that transient multi-offset GPR data are capable of quantitatively monitoring dynamic soil hydrologic processes.
Preliminary assessment of model parametric uncertainty in projections of Greenland Ice Sheet behavior
Authors: Applegate P. J. , Kirchner N. , Stone E. J. , Keller K. , Greve R.
Published: November 2011

Abstract. Lack of knowledge about the values of ice sheet model input parameters introduces substantial uncertainty into projections of Greenland Ice Sheet contributions to future sea level rise. Computer models of ice sheet behavior provide one of several means of estimating future sea level rise due to mass loss from ice sheets. Such models have many input parameters whose values are not well known. Recent studies have investigated the effects of these parameters on model output, but the range of potential future sea level increases due to model parametric uncertainty has not been characterized. Here, we demonstrate that this range is large, using a 100-member perturbed-physics ensemble with the SICOPOLIS ice sheet model. Each model run is spun up over 125 000 yr using geological forcings, and subsequently driven into the future using an asymptotically increasing air temperature anomaly curve. All modeled ice sheets lose mass after 2005 AD. After culling the ensemble to include only members that give reasonable ice volumes in 2005 AD, the range of projected sea level rise values in 2100 AD is 30 % or more of the median. Data on past ice sheet behavior can help reduce this uncertainty, but none of our ensemble members produces a reasonable ice volume change during the mid-Holocene, relative to the present. This problem suggests that the model's exponential relation between temperature and precipitation does not hold during the Holocene, or that the central-Greenland temperature forcing curve used to drive the model is not representative of conditions around the ice margin at this time (among other possibilities). Our simulations also lack certain observed physical processes that may tend to enhance the real ice sheet's response. Regardless, this work has implications for other studies that use ice sheet models to project or hindcast the behavior of the Greenland ice sheet.
The Initiative to extend Medicare into Mexico: a case study in changing U.S. Health Care Policy
Authors: Ibarra Roberto A.
Published: November 2011

This study examines the geo-political activities of interest groups, governments and multinational corporations involved in an initiative to extend Medicare to U.S. retirees residing in Mexico.  If the initiative to change the current Medicare policy succeeds, the relocation of Medicare-eligible populations from the U.S. to Mexico is likely to increase; the U.S. is expected to gain cost-savings for taxpayers on Medicare; Mexico can develop senior-housing and options for long-term care it currently lacks; and foreign-led multinational corporations will increase their profits and dominance, fostering even more privatization in Mexico’s health care sector. By exploring new issues about retirement migration and health this study seeks to gain knowledge about the phenomena in a number of areas.  First, the retirement migration of North Americans to Latin America is an under-studied phenomenon in the fields of social gerontology, migration research, and health policy studies.  Second, the Medicare in Mexico initiative is even less well-known among health policy scholars than the retirement migration phenomenon into Mexico. Yet this initiative is inherently international in scope and involves a number of US-based institutions and interest groups actively promoting the project from within Mexico. Thus, the initiative has important geo-political and socio-economic implications for reforming health care systems in the U.S. and Mexico.
UNAPREĐENJE ZDRAVSTVENOG SISTEMA ZEMALJA U RAZVOJU PRIMENOM MOBILNIH TEHNOLOGIJA
Authors: Uzelac Ana , Zoranović Dragan , Gligorić Nenad , Vučetić Miljan , Vuković Sanja
Published: November 2011

Stalni porast broja stanovnika, sve više onemogućava adekvatnu zdravstvenu zaštitu celom stanovništvu, pogotovu u nerazvijenim zemljama. Ubrzan razvoj informaciono komunikacionih tehnologija, a posebno mobinih mreža se može iskoristiti kao polazna osnova za transformaciju rigidnog zdravstvenog sistema u fleksibilan i otvoren sistem koji bi mogao da pruži efikasniju i jeftiniju zdravstvenu zaštitu. U radu se razmatraju trenutni stupanj razvoja pomenutih tehnologija, primeri njihove trenutne primene, i daju predlozi daljeg razvoja. Takođe, rad se bavi i mogućnošću unapređenja zdravstvenog sistema u Srbiji i prednostima koja se time dobijaju.
In Situ Generation of Few‐Layer Graphene Coatings on SnO2‐SiC Core‐Shell Nanoparticles for High‐Performance Lithium‐Ion Storage
Authors: Chen Zhongxue , Zhou Min , Cao Yuliang , Ai Xinping , Yang Hanxi , Liu Jun
Published: November 2011

A simple ball‐milling method is used to synthesize a tin oxide‐silicon carbide/few‐layer graphene core‐shell structure in which nanometer‐sized SnO2 particles are uniformly dispersed on a supporting SiC core and encapsulated with few‐layer graphene coatings by in situ mechanical peeling. The SnO2‐SiC/G nanocomposite material delivers a high reversible capacity of 810 mA h g−1 and 83% capacity retention over 150 charge/discharge cycles between 1.5 and 0.01 V at a rate of 0.1 A g−1. A high reversible capacity of 425 mA h g−1 also can be obtained at a rate of 2 A g−1. When discharged (Li extraction) to a higher potential at 3.0 V (vs. Li/Li+), the SnO2‐SiC/G nanocomposite material delivers a reversible capacity of 1451 mA h g−1 (based on the SnO2 mass), which corresponds to 97% of the expected theoretical capacity (1494 mA h g−1, 8.4 equivalent of lithium per SnO2), and exhibits good cyclability. This result suggests that the core‐shell nanostructure can achieve a completely reversible transformation from Li4.4Sn to SnO2 during discharging (i.e., Li extraction by dealloying and a reversible conversion reaction, generating 8.4 electrons). This suggests that simple mechanical milling can be a powerful approach to improve the stability of high‐performance electrode materials involving structural conversion and transformation.
Armenin and Isoarmenin – Two Prenylated Coumarins from the Aerial Parts of Artemisia armeniaca
Authors: Mojarrab Mahdi , Delazar Abbas , Moghadam Sadeighe Bamdad , Nazemiyeh Hossein , Nahar Lutfun , Kumarasamy Yashodharan , Asnaashari Solmaz , Hadjiakhoondi Abbas , Sarker Satyajit Dey
Published: November 2011

The reversed‐phase (RP) preparative HPLC analyses of the MeOH extract of the aerial parts of Artemisia armeniaca yielded four prenylated coumarins, 7‐hydroxy‐8‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutoxy)coumarin (named armenin), 8‐hydroxy‐7‐(4‐hydroxy‐3‐methylbutoxy)coumarin (named isoarmenin), lacarol, and deoxylacarol, together with five other compounds, including three flavonoid glycosides, quercetin 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, rutin, and kaempferol 3‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside, and chlorogenic acid, and tryptophan. (10E,12Z)‐9‐Hydroxyoctadeca‐10,12‐dienoic acid (β‐dimorphecolic acid) was isolated from the CH2Cl2 extract. Armenin and isoarmenin were new coumarins. Structures of all compounds were determined by spectroscopic means, including UV, MS, 1D‐ and 2D‐NMR. The in vitro free‐radical‐scavenging property of the extracts and isolated compounds was evaluated by the 1,1‐diphenyl‐2‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay.
Chemical Composition and in vitro Schistosomicidal Activity of the Essential Oil of Plectranthus neochilus Grown in Southeast Brazil
Authors: Caixeta Soraya C. , Magalhães Lizandra G. , de Melo Nathalya I. , Wakabayashi Kamila A. L. , de P. Aguiar Gabriela , de P. Aguiar Daniela , Mantovani André L. L. , Alves Jacqueline M. , Oliveira Pollyanna F. , Tavares Denise C. , Groppo Milton , Rodrigues Vanderlei , Cunha Wilson R. , Veneziani Rodrigo C. S. , da Silva Filho Ademar A. , Crotti Antônio E. M.
Published: November 2011

The chemical composition and the in vitro schistosomicidal effects of the essential oil of Plectranthus neochilus (PN‐EO) grown in Southeast Brazil was studied. β‐Caryophyllene (1; 28.23%), α‐thujene (2; 12.22%), α‐pinene (3; 12.63%), β‐pinene (4; 6.19%), germacrene D (5; 5.36%), and caryophyllene oxide (6; 5.37%) were the major essential oil constituents. This chemical composition differed from that previously reported for specimens harvested in Africa. Concerning the in vitro schistosomicidal activity against adult Schistosoma mansoni worms, PN‐EO was considered to be active, but less effective than the positive control praziquantel (PZQ) in terms of separation of coupled pairs, mortality, decrease in the motor activity, and tegumental alterations. However, PN‐EO caused an interesting dose‐dependent reduction in the number and the percentage of developed S. mansoni eggs. These results suggest that PN‐EO might be very promising for the development of new schistosomicidal agents.
Feasibility of recycling KOH in chemical activation of oil‐sands petroleum coke
Authors: Yuan Mingjiang , Kim Yesul , Jia Charles Q.
Published: November 2011

Although potassium hydroxide (KOH) is known to be effective in generating highly porous activated carbons, the mechanism of KOH activation has not been well elucidated. To develop porosity in carbon, a high KOH/carbon mass ratio must be maintained. Consequently, KOH, as the activating agent, represents a major part of the cost of the activation process. Focusing on the mechanism, particularly the activation products, the present work attempted to establish the technical feasibility of recycling KOH. Experiments revealed that the major products of KOH activation at 600–900°C are metallic K, K2CO3, CO and H2, which is supported by thermodynamic analysis. The overall reaction may be written as 6KOH + 4C = K2CO3 + 4K + 3H2 + 3CO. At temperatures over 900°C, K2CO3 becomes unstable and participates in activation reactions with carbon; a more suitable overall reaction would be KOH + C = CO + K + 0.5H2. As potassium ion is reduced to metallic K which is readily converted into KOH and hydrogen gas upon reacting with water, KOH recycling is feasible. The reuse of KOH in chemical activation could substantially reduce the cost of activation process. © 2011 Canadian Society for Chemical Engineering
Pregnancy‐associated breast cancer
Authors: Borges Virginia F. , Schedin Pepper J.
Published: November 2011

Pregnancy‐associated breast cancer is an important but challenging topic of research. The article by Murphy et al on this subject is reviewed, and includes a discussion of the definition of pregnancy‐associated breast cancer, in terms of whether diagnosis is made during or after pregnancy.