bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The implementation of PMS in Italian universities: A longitudinal analysis
Authors: Bruno Adriana , Dal Molin Martina
Published: April 2022

Starting from the 1990s, the New Public Management (NPM) has been the most inspiring principle of public sector reforms in Europe. The Higher Education (HE) sector is among the different fields in which the implementation of NPM reforms have been controversial. Based on the NPM framework, most HE reforms have focused on enhancing universities' accountability and transparency through performance measurement and performance management (Rabovsky, 2014; Rebora and Turri, 2011). The effects of the implementation of this "calculative technologies" is, however, still under investigated (Arnaboldi et al., 2016). Using documentary analysis as research methodology, this paper investigates implementation trajectories of performance management system (PMS) in Italian universities (Marchi, 2015). Specifically, this is a longitudinal documentary analysis and it offers the results from a content analysis of the Performance Plan (PP) and the Performance Report (PR) of 66 Italian Universities in two periods, i.e. 2016 and 2018. Furthermore, the longitudinal documentary analysis adopts the matrix from a previous study (Dal Molin et al., 2017), which matches the "quality of PMS" and the "expected use of PMS". The main objective of this study is to investigate if the "implementation gap" (Ongaro and Valotti, 2008) highlighted in previous studies (e.g. Dal Molin et al., 2017) has been fulfilled and in which elements it is possible to observe such improvement. As main result, the study shows that the implementation gap is still strongly present, from 2012 until now, and a formal compliance with the law still persists (Allini et al., 2020). There are areas of improvement related to external accountability and compliance, however, this is not supported by an internal use based on internal accountability (Tieghi et al., 2018).
Gli effetti del volontariato sul senso di appartenenza di giovani immigrati: una prospettiva europea
Authors: Bona Marzia , Carlà Andrea , Flarer Heidi , Lehner Marie , Mattes-Zippenfenig Astrid , Reeger Ursula
Published: April 2022

Questo contributo esamina gli effetti del volontariato su giovani immigrati in sei paesi europei, concentrandosi sui cambiamenti occorsi dopo un anno di coinvolgimento volontario nel loro senso di appartenenza e nei legami con il luogo di residenza. Lo studio ha dato ampio spazio all'auto-percezione dei volontari, rilevata attraverso metodi qualitativi, ricorrendo all'uso di un "control group". L'ipotesi - che l'esperienza potesse rafforzare il senso di appartenenza con intensità variabile a seconda del background migratorio del partecipante - è stata in parte confermata. L'analisi mostra variazioni apprezzabili in particolare tra i giovani con background migratorio, per chi si è impegnato per più tempo, e tra i giovani con precedente esperienza di volontariato, ad indicare l'importanza di contesti di volontariato che sostengano il capitale sociale di tipo "bridging".
Cittadinanza dal basso e solidarietà inclusiva. L'alleanza trasversale tra migranti e cittadini a Napoli durante la pandemia da Covid-19
Authors: Gatti Rosa
Published: April 2022

Perseguendo l'obiettivo teorico di contribuire ai dibattiti su cittadinanza e solidarie-tà in senso più inclusivo, l'articolo analizza congiuntamente i concetti di cittadinanza dal basso e solidarietà dal basso applicandoli all'analisi empirica di una particolare pratica di solidarietà promossa dal basso dagli stessi migranti in alleanza con i cittadini durante la pandemia da Covid-19 nella città di Napoli. Il materiale empirico utilizzato è frutto di una ricerca etnografica di lungo periodo sulla partecipazione sociale e politica dei migranti nella città di Napoli. Costruendo reti di relazioni e alleanze trasversali, migranti e cittadini hanno dato vita ad una for-ma di solidarietà inclusiva, capace di sfidare e aggirare le strutture di solidarietà esclusiva, trasgredire i confini della comunità sociale e politica e ridefinire le appartenenze. In particolare, mostrerò come tale pratica di solidarietà sia stata capace di mettere in discussione e trasformare la cittadinanza, sfidando, modificando e rinnovando i modi in cui i soggetti coinvolti hanno definito se stessi e agito come cittadini, valorizzando le loro relazioni sociali. L'analisi degli atti di solidarietà prodotti dall'alleanza di migranti e cittadini può fornire una estensione della teoria degli atti di cittadinanza e rappresentare il punto di partenza per riflettere in maniera innovativa e più inclusiva su solidarietà, alleanze, appartenenze, confini e cittadinanza.
Being Out-of-quota: an Analysis of Refugee's Border Experiences in Northern Italy
Authors: Lintner Claudia
Published: April 2022

Drawing on fieldwork among refugees and asylum seekers in Northern Italy, this article examines how local policies of exclusion and the resulting accentuation on a system of stratification in the Italian northern border zone of South Tyrol target the exclusion of particular groups of refugees. In doing so, it indicates concrete policies of exclusion and exclusionary practices against refugees and potential asylum seekers in the Italian northern border zone. To manage and control mixed mi-gration flows, local authorities have extended the system of civic stratification in the province by denying fundamental rights to a particular group of refugees. The article adopts a qualitative research approach. Two research methods have been used to understand the complex research settings: semi-structured interviews with different actors operating in the research field and document analysis. The results of the analyses underline the importance of linking the labelling process with a broader discussion on civic stratification as a potential framework to understand a system of inequality based on the relationship between specific categories of individuals and local authorities and the rights denied by them.
Pierre Bourdieu as I Remember Him
Authors: Kauppi Niilo
Published: April 2022

This portrait of Bourdieu's laboratory in the early days describes the impact of the bourdieusian «tribe» on the author's social destiny, especially to his attempt to develop a reflexive political sociology that explores the intertwinement of culture, power, and knowledge. Repeatedly, he depicts himself as an outsider suspended between several (geographical, disciplinary, and intellectual) worlds. Without directly addressing the issue of self-objectivation, the author puts it into practice as sociogenesis of several elements: relationships, collaborations, interests, oppositions/attractions, position-taking, scientific success.
Lost and Gained in Translation
Authors: Prieur Annick
Published: April 2022

This self-examination is programmatically centered on language, examined by the author at the same time as a medium of cross-cultural communication (her work as PB's translator), the traces laid down that betray one's background (the «undefinable» accent that marks her polyglotism), and a form of domination (English linguistic imperialism in contemporary academia). Almost in self-help terms, Bourdieu's sociological theory is interpreted as an antidote to alienation, crucial to reappropriate one's own voice
Bourdieusian Self-Analyses as a Japanese Sociologist
Authors: Iso Naoki
Published: April 2022

Iso's article painstakingly reviews his research on the epistemology of PB's sociology. His biographical experience (especially the transition across three different countries, Japan, the US, and France) is presented and interpreted by using bourdieusian categories. The author argues that Bourdieu's conception of reflexivity should not remain pure speculation but has to be concretely put into practice, with regard to everyday life situations
Transforming Leviathan: Job, Hobbes, Zvyagintsev and Philosophical Progression
Authors: Goff Graham C.
Published: April 2022

The allegory of Leviathan, the biblical serpent of the seas, has undergone numerous distinct and even antithetical conceptions since its origin in the book of Job. Most prominently, Leviathan was the namesake of Thomas Hobbes’s 1651 political treatise and Andrey Zvyagintsev’s 2014 film of the same name, a damning indictment of Russian corruption. These three iterations underscore the societal transition from the recognition of power as being derived from God to the secularization of power in Hobbes’s philosophy, to the negation of the legitimacy of divine and secular institutional power, in Zvyagintsev’s controversial film. This examination of Leviathan’s three unique iterations elucidates the evolution of philosophy and the solution to a world devoid of authority. An autopsy of Leviathan’s allegorical beached corpse invites the individual to create and recognize their own authority and purpose, thus fabricating a fourth transformation of Leviathan.
The Bible as Relic, Fetish or Talisman in Nollywood Films: A Semiotic Perspective
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C.
Published: April 2022

Many Nollywood Christian films tap into a plurality of myths and idiosyncrasies prevailing in Nigeria in particular and the Christendom in general. Some of these myths and idiosyncrasies revolve around the perceived magical powers of the Bible, particularly the Holy Book’s ability to neutralize or prevent the designs of paranormal and satanic entities. In line with such Christian myths, many Nollywood Christianity-based films deploy various typologies of artifacts, signs and special effects to represent the Bible as an object which is more than a mere carrier of holy scriptures and the voice of God. In this paper, attention is given to the different indexical and symbolic signs used in Nollywood filmic productions to represent the Bible as a fetish or a relic. Using a critical review of secondary sources and relevant films, as well as semiotics, the paper identifies the use of visual and sound effects as one of the procedures deployed by Nollywood film directors to naturalize and popularize fetishist beliefs about the Bible. The effects popularly used by these film directors include radiating bibles, open pages of the Bible that generate dazzling light, ardent fire or meteoric energy with which pastors counter the attacks to satanic forces or deliver people in distress.
New Approaches to Islam in Film
Authors: Arjana Sophia
Published: April 2022

This is a book review of Kristian Petersen, ed., New Approaches to Islam in Film (New York: Routledge, 2021).
The Construction of Agricultural Production Trusteeship Service Quality Evaluation Index System based on Farmers' Perception
Authors: Mei Li , Cao Yujuan , Xuan Zhao
Published: April 2022

At present, the problem of poor land utilization, reduced land production, and land desolation frequently happens in China's rural areas. As a new form of agricultural socialization service, agricultural production trusteeship can help farmers increase production and income, ensure food safety, and promote the organic connection between small farmers and modern agriculture. However, China's agricultural production trusteeship is still at a preliminary stage, and there are still certain shortcomings in terms of service quality and other aspects. To improve the service quality of agricultural production trusteeship, this paper constructs an evaluation system based on farmers' perceptions, combining Ridit analysis and multiplication scale method, with farmers' perceived service quality as the target, and six first-level indicators of plowing service, planting service, prevention service, harvesting service, selling service and complaint and risk handling, and puts forward relevant policy and suggestions for the high-quality development of agricultural production trusteeship.
MOLECULAR DETECTION OF THE PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM OBTAINED FROM OUT-PATIENTS FROM SELECTED HOSPITALS IN KADUNA STATE
Authors: Osagiede Nicholas Osazuyi , Yayock H. C. , Ndife J.
Published: April 2022

Molecular detection of Plasmodium falciparum based on PCR amplification is generally very specific and sensitive test for determining the species of Plasmodium present in the blood of an individual than the microscopy-based diagnosis from blood smears. Thirty-two (32) microscopic malaria positive blood samples were collected from some patients between November 2013 to March 2014 from three major hospitals.Plasmodium DNA was extracted from the 32 blood samples collected from the malaria-positive patients confirmed by microscopy and the DNA amplification was done by using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). The amplified COX3 gene of each malaria isolates were further characterized using Agarose gel electrophoresis while sequence identification was performed by using GenBank’s BLAST algorithm. After the completion of the agarose gel electrophoresis the bands indicating amplified Cox3 gene by PCR was observed in four (4) plasmodium positive blood samples out of the 32 samples analyzed. Amplified band for COX3 gene was located at 300bp position on the DNA ladder on the agarose gel plate for sample 1, 9 and 24 all from Kagarko general hospital while sample 28 was from GwannaAwan general hospital. The BLAST results showed that the P. falciparum DNA sequences aligned at 98-99% similarity with those deposited in the GenBank confirming the parasite isolated from the patients were P. falciparum. The use of PCR diagnosis to compliment microscopy examination of stained blood smears in our medical centres is strongly recommended so that an accurate detection of malaria parasites in blood will help to institute proper drug therapy
EVALUATION OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MARKERS IN PATIENTS WITH PULMONARY TUBERCULOSIS IN SOME HOSPITALS IN UYO, AKWA IBOM STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Ibokette D. M. , Umo A. N. , Akinjogunla Olajide , Moses A. E.
Published: April 2022

Pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) remains a major public health problem especially in the developing countries. Literature evidence opines that serological markers associated with PTB infections enhance early diagnosis. This study employed CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and total serum immunoglobulin to establish early diagnosis in PTB patients in Uyo. Sputum samples of 105 patients were screened for Acid Fast Bacilli, while blood (7ml) was collected for CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts and quantification of total serum using cytoflow counter and Enzyme linked Immunoassay, respectively. A prevalence of 12.4% was established for PTB infection among the patients. The mean differences between immunoglobulins levels in relation to CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts was not significant at p ˃ 0.05. The mean IgG value of PTB patients was 737.29 ± 435.8 mg/dL, while the apparently healthy subjects (AHS) had the mean IgG value of 23.15 ± 32.2 mg/dL. The mean IgA level in PTB patients (190.91 ± 94.8 mg/dL) was higher than that of AHS (126.81 ± 35.5 mg/dL). The mean IgM value of PTB patients and that of the AHS was 317.75 ± 146.11 and 50.00 ± 32.3 mg/dL, respectively. There was significant difference between the immunoglobulin levels of PTB patients and AHS at p > 0.05 with respect to IgA and at p > 0.001 with respect to IgG and IgM. This study has indicated that biomarkers of humoral immunity were significantly affected when compared with AHS, thus, this study would enhance knowledge of the health practitioners and enable them to grasp the role of biomarkers in
EVALUATION OF THE SUBSURFACE STRUCTURES IN PART OF FEDERAL UNIVERSITY OF GUSAU CAMPUS , ZAMFARA STATE, NIGERIA
Authors: Shaibu Isah , Ovwasa M. O. , Misbahu A.
Published: April 2022

Geo-electric evaluations of the subsurface structures of federal University Gusau Campus, Zamfara State, Nigeria were carried out using vertical electrical soundings technique (VES). The area lies within the Pre-Cambian Basement Complex of Northern Nigeria. Thirty-six (36) vertical electrical soundings (VES) along six profiles (A-F) were carried out during the survey. The surveys were carried out on grid 500m by 500m.  The data obtained were interpreted using computer based program named Zohdy. The result of the interpreted curves reveals three distinct geo-electric curves types were delineated: K, H and HK-curves with H-type having the most prolific aquifer. The result also shows 3 geo-electric layers which were confirm by some borehole lithology. The aquifers in the study area are likely to be found in the fractured basement layers of western and southeastern parts of the study area. The civil engineering work can be sited mostly in the northern and southwestern parts of the study area which are the region of shallow basement within t=he study areas. Further boreholes in the area should reached an effective depth of 75m to 90m and the borehole be supervised by a certified hydrogeologist for optimum groundwater yields. Pumping test should be carried out in order to ascertain the size and type of submersible pump to install.
INVESTIGATION OF GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF BOGORO AND ENVIRONS, NORTH-EAST NIGERIA
Authors: Yohanna A. , Musa N. , Balogun F. A. , Agada E. A. , Adamu A. , Galumje S. S.
Published: April 2022

The quality of drinking water in some selected areas of Bogoro and its Environs in Bauchi State, Nigeria, were investigated in order to assure a continuous supply of clean and safe drinking water for public health protection and analyze the spatiotemporal variation of groundwater quality in the area. A rigorous physical and chemical study of drinking water samples was conducted in some residential and commercial areas. For each water sample collected during dry and wet seasons, a variety of physical characteristics such as pH, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), and chemical parameters such as Ca, Na, K, SO24, PO24, F, Cl, Cu, Mg, Fe, and Mn were analyzed. The resulting values for each parameter were compared to the World Health Organization's (WHO) and European Union (EU) standards.  The values of each parameter were found to be within the permissible limits with the exception of Turbidity with an average value of 7.55mg/L, Fluoride (0.52mg/L), Iron 0.69mg/L which were above the permissible limit. The implications of ingestion of these contaminants include Gastro-Intestinal distress, liver or kidney damage with some other health implications. However, in order to assess the total water quality of water in the area, it’s necessary to analyze other potential water contaminations, such as heavy metals, microbiological and radioactive elements, and human body fluids. Based on these findings, it’s recommended that Public health institutions should intensify awareness and enlightenment campaigns to water users on procedures and water treatment techniques.
Saldo Kas Minimal dan Optimalisasi Kas Pemerintah
Authors: Mulyono Agung
Published: April 2022

Cash minimum policy on General State of Cash Account or RKUN is aimed to fulfill cash needed for funding budget execution. That policy has possibility to be changed due to cash optimization purposes and advancement of banking technology. Study intend to increase our understanding about state cash management especially for cash balance on RKUN and explore a discourse in development of optimum cash management on RKUN for managing Government’s cost of fund. This paper uses simple average simulation, Boumol’s model dan Miller-Orr’s model with exploiting daily cash transaction on RKUN for 3 years to derive the form of the optimal cash balance  under different assumptions about transaction costs and the demand for funds. Output of all models shows that amount of optimum cash on RKUN in the end of day should be smaller than the amount of cash set by cash minumun policy worth to Rp 2 billion. The result may open further discussion for policy changes on Government cash management.
La educación inclusiva en Ecuador. Identificación de características en docentes
Authors: Guzmán Jordán Clara Cecilia , Valle Gavilanes Diana del Rocío
Published: April 2022

Introducción. Los modelos educativos actuales se caracterizan por ser igualitarios y muy estructurados. El sistema educativo ecuatoriano contempla lineamientos internacionales de inclusión; sin embargo, aún existen docentes que no poseen las habilidades necesarias para manejar escenarios educativos con estudiantes con necesidades educativas especiales. Objetivo. Identificar las características que tienen los docentes de la carrera de Literatura de la Facultad de Filosofía, Letras y Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Guayaquil con relación a la educación inclusiva. Metodología. Se desarrolló una investigación de tipo descriptiva, exploratoria, con diseño de campo, no experimental, asumiendo el enfoque cuantitativo. La población fue de 39 docentes. Para la recolección de datos se usó la técnica de la encuesta, y como instrumento se aplicó un cuestionario, enviado a los participantes mediante Google Forms. Resultados. Se obtuvo que un 43.59% de los docentes opinó que siempre se preocupa por formarse continuamente; un 48.72%; sólo algunas veces escucha a sus estudiantes; un 53.85% investiga las necesidades de sus alumnos; sin embargo, un 48.72% nunca propone acciones individualizadas para el tratamiento de estas necesidades; un 69.23% siempre procura la defensa de la dignidad del ser humano; pero, un 58.97% nunca trabaja la espiritualidad. Conclusión. Las características que poseen los docentes estudiados son: 1. procuran la defensa de la dignidad del ser humano, seguida por el 2. reconocimiento de sus propios defectos o carencias, y en 3. su preocupación por formarse continuamente. De las doce características que debe poseer un docente inclusivo sólo cumplen tres, en consecuencia, se debe diseñar e implementar un plan de formación tal que logre que estos docentes puedan solventar estas falencias.
Análisis de la influencia de la gestión del conocimiento en el sector de la educación
Authors: Alba Cruz Roxanna , Lobaina González Carlos , Jiménez Valero Bisleivys , Velastegui López Luis Efraín
Published: April 2022

La planificación estratégica en el sector de la educación tiene una larga tradición favorable y ha priorizado la gestión del conocimiento para el desarrollo económico social sostenible. El objetivo de esta investigación es analizar la influencia de la gestión del conocimiento en el sector de la educación. Para contribuir al desarrollo de la indagación se utilizaron técnicas y herramientas como la recopilación de información, la revisión documental, el análisis y síntesis de documentos, libros, artículos, tesis y archivos. Se analizaron 77 documentos según las palabras claves seleccionadas transitadas desde 2017 hasta la actualidad donde las investigaciones provienen de un total de diez países, de los cuales nueve son de la región de América Latina y el Caribe. Se realizó un análisis de las publicaciones desarrolladas en Cuba, donde se resalta el papel de las universidades en la Gestión del Conocimiento y la Innovación en el proceso de desarrollo local. El estudio evidencia que en la actualidad los recursos apoyados por el conocimiento suelen ser complejos de imitar por lo que una correcta gestión es definitiva para lograr beneficios competitivos y el rendimiento superior de las organizaciones educativas.
Administración estratégica en las pymes de Tungurahua y su impacto en la reactivación post pandemia
Authors: Paredes Ocaña Álvaro Santiago , Gallardo Medina Washington Marcelo
Published: April 2022

Introducción. Las Pequeñas y medianas empresas (PYMES) son aquellas empresas que se dedican a varias actividades en la provincia de Tungurahua, anualmente facturan varios miles de dólares por las ventas de sus bienes y servicios, este sector fue golpeado fuertemente por la pandemia, por tanto, se aplicaron varias estrategias de administración para que continúen funcionando. Objetivo. Determinar el impacto de la administración estratégica para el desarrollo de estrategias e implementarlas en los departamentos más vitales de cualquier organización. Metodología. La población consta de 381 empresas de bienes y servicios registradas en el Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Censos,  para desarrollar la investigación fue necesario aplicar el método descriptivo por medio de una encuesta hacia el personal administrativo, para dar el nivel de confiabilidad fue necesario calcular el coeficiente de confiabilidad conocido como Alpha de Cronbach, a su vez se requirió elaborar un marco teórico para lo cual fue necesario aplicar el método bibliográfico para recolectar todas las definiciones detalladas en la presente investigación. Resultados. El 38% las empresas de la provincia de Tungurahua realizan un análisis FODA para desarrollar las estrategias las cuales se involucran con los departamentos de marketing, ventas, producción, administración, finanzas y producción, el 50% de estas empresas emplea indicadores para elaborar informes que permita medir la efectividad de las estrategias implementadas. La administración estratégica es vital para la implementación de estrategias y poder realizar las actividades acordes a la realidad sanitaria que afronta la provincia y mundo entero. Conclusión. La pandemia ocasionó que se busque la innovación en el método de funcionamiento de cualquier empresa, por tanto, fue necesario realizar los análisis y desarrollar estrategias en base al funcionamiento de cada departamento, evaluarlas por medio de indicadores y controlarlas por medio de datos estadísticos.
Status of Red Blood Cell Indices in Iron Deficiency Anemia and β Thalassaemia Trait: A Comparative Study
Authors: Mondal Biva , Parvez Mashud , Rana Md Masud , Rahman Lotifur , Zahan Rowshan , Pal Kishor Chandra , Khan Waqer Ahmed
Published: April 2022

Background: Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and b  thalassemia trait (b -TT) are the two important differential diagnosis of microcytic hypochromic anaemia. It is important to distinguish between the above two conditions to avoid unnecessary iron therapy. Red blood cell (RBCs) indices are simple, easy, and cost effective method to get a primary and valuable information regarding the diagnosis of IDA and b -TT.

Objectives: This study was aimed to compare the RBC count, hemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Hct%), RBC indices, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), red cell distribution width (RDW) and redcell distribution width index (RDWI) in Iron deficiency anemia and b thalassemia trait.

Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted in the department of clinical pathology, Dhaka Shishu Hospital, Dhaka from July 2019 to March 2020. Total 107 patients with microcytic hypochromic anaemia (64 subjects of IDA and 43 subjects of b -TT were tested for RBC count, Hb%, MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW, and PCV from venous blood by haematology analyser. Serum ferritin was measured by Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assays (ELISA). Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS version 22. Statistical significance was set at p value less than 0.05.

Results: RBC count, Hb, and Hct,MCV, MCH and MCHC were significantly lower and RDW and RDWI was significantly higher in IDA group than in b- TT group (p< 0.001). Similar result was observed in male and female participants when compared them in separate group.

Conclusion: The study showed that RBC count, Hb, Hct, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were significantly lower in IDA group than in b-TT group, whereas RDW and RDWI were significantly higher in IDA group than in b-TT group.

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 9-14
Clinico-pathological Profile of Childhood Nonhodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) in A Tertiary Care Hospital in Bangladesh
Authors: Nahar Kamrun , Hasan Ahmed Rashidul , Islam Afiqul , Jamal Chowdhury Yakub
Published: April 2022

Background: Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) is the third most common childhood malignancy. With histopathology based intensive chemotherapy and CNS-directed therapy, survival can reach more than 80%.

Objective: The study was conducted to observe the clinico-pathological findings of NHL in Bangladeshi children.

Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Paediatric Haematology and Oncology Department of BSMMU from June 2012 to December 2012. Newly diagnosed NHL patients were included in the study. Patient’s initial clinical presentations, time interval from onset of symptoms to diagnosis were recorded. Diagnostic and staging workups were done by CBC, biochemistry, radio-imaging, histopathology (FNAC/excision biopsy), serous fluids/CSF cytology (cytospin), and bone marrow aspiration.

Result: Among the 34 patients, BL had preponderance (n=23, 68%) then LL. Median age was 7.6 years. Male: female ratio was 2.1:1. Delayed diagnosis was found in 59% patient. Primary sites were abdomen (65%), thorax (32%), and head-neck (3%). At initial presentation, 83% patients of Burkitt NHL and 100% Lymphoblastic NHL patients came with advanced disease. Bone marrow involvement was found in 23.6% patients and 12% had CNS involvement at their presentation. Irrespective to histology, most common stage was stage-III, which was 53% and then stage-IV was 35%. Median LDH was 1719 U/L. Patient with abdominal variety of NHL came with abdominal complaint like pain (66%), distension (65%), ascites (48%), mass like hepatomegaly (39%), splenomegaly (26%), intussusceptions (8%), testicular involvement (4%). B symptoms were commonly found in 74% patient. Pallor (82%), anorexia, nausea & vomiting (48%), oedema (25%), peripheral lymphadenopathy (49%) were also noticed. In case of thoracic variety of NHL, most common presentation was respiratory distress (90%), superior mediastinal syndrome (SMS) (45%), with high incidence of B symptoms (90%), peripheral lymphadenopathy (72%) with other respiratory finding like chest bulging, mediastinal mass, pleural effusion was also found.

Conclusions: About 59% childhood NHL patients tend to present with delayed diagnosis and 88% with advanced disease. Burkitt NHL is the commonest childhood lymphoma, mostly presented with abdominal complaint. Thoracic variety is mostly Lymphoblastic lymphoma. Histopathological findings following excisional biopsy is the most significant and confirmatory for diagnosis. Serum LDH were found significantly high level in both varieties.

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 21-27
Prevalence of Infection and Changing Pattern of Organisms Causing Infections in Childhood Nephrotic Syndrome
Authors: Mahmud KM Sarwar , Rana Rubina Afroz
Published: April 2022

Background: Infection remains an important complication of children with nephrotic syndrome. It results in significant morbidity and may also be responsible for a poor response to steroid therapy or induce relapse in child who has already attained remission.

Objectives: This study was conducted to find out pattern of infection and type of organisms causing infections in nephrotic syndrome.

Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in the Paediatric Nephrology Department of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital from January 2010 to November 2010. One hundred fifteen (115) cases of nephrotic syndrome, age between 1 to 13 years were enrolled according to the inclusion criteria. Along with routine investigations, urine, blood and throat swab culture and sensitivity and MT test were done. Risk factors of infection were also determined. Statistical analysis was done by SPSS version 12. Level of significance was taken as <0.05.

Results: Prevalence of infection in nephrotic syndrome was 54.78%. Infections were more common in childhood nephrotic syndrome below 6 years of age. Infections encountered in nephrotic syndrome were UTI 51(44.34%), septicemia 4(3.47%), pneumonia 5(4.34%), peritonitis 1(0.87%), cellulitis 1(0.87%) and tuberculosis 1(0.87%). Statistically significant risk factors associated with infection were generalized edema, steroid dependence, steroid resistance, persistent proteinuria and high spot urine protein creatinine ratio. In case of UTI E. coli was the commonest 27(52.9%) organism followed by Morganella and Pseudomonas 5(9.8%).

Conclusion: Prevalence of infection in nephrotic syndrome is very high and E. coli is the commonest organism found in this study. Generalized edema, persistent proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, steroid dependence, steroid resistance are important risk factors for infection.

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 28-33
Consanguinity and Risk of Congenital Heart Defects in Bangladesh
Authors: Al Mamun Mohammad Abdullah , Hussain Manzoor , Shahid Khan Md Khalid Ebna
Published: April 2022

Background: Consanguineous marriage have been associated with an increased risk to various forms of inherited disease. Potential role of consanguinity in certain common birth defects is less clear especially with congenital heart defects (CHDs).

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate the potential role of consanguinity as a risk factor for congenital heart defects (CHDs) in Bangladesh.

Methodology: It was a case control study, conducted from July 2018 to July 2019 at Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital. Parents of the children with CHD visited the outpatient department was considered as case. Control was taken from parents of the children who didn’t have congenital heart disease. Informed written consent was taken from parents. Data were collected by using a structured questionnaire containing all the variables of interest and analyzed by using SPSS version 21. Chi square test (S«2), Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated to estimate the associations between parental consanguinity and all CHDs. Risk factors on bivariate analysis were introduced into a logistic regression model as independent factors and dependent variable was CHDs to find out the association between CHDs and consanguinity.

Results: Among study population consanguinity was present in 33(6.11%) cases. In the case group 23 children (8.85%) were born to consanguineous parents and in control group 10 children (3.57%) were born to consanguineous parents. CHDs were found significantly higher in children born to consanguineous parents (p<0.05). On logistic regression analysis consanguinity (p=0.02) was independently associated with CHDs. Children who born to consanguineous parents had 2.5 times risk of developing CHDs compared to those who were not born to consanguineous parents.

Conclusions: Parental consanguinity is significantly associated with CHDs.

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 34-39
Prevalence and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Isolates from Urine Samples in A Tertiary Care Hospital
Authors: Sharmin Sohely , Nahar Azizun , Alamgir Farhana , Fahim Imran
Published: April 2022

Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is one of the leading causes of infection worldwide. P. aeruginosa is a versatile opportunistic pathogen and it is the third most common organism causing nosocomial urinary tract infections. With the widespread use of antibiotics, multidrug resistance pseudomonas continues to go up rapidly. This multidrug resistance pseudomonas increases the risk of mortality and morbidity.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of P. aeruginosa and to understand the current statistics of its antimicrobial resistance pattern.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted from January 2019 to December 2020 in the Department of Microbiology, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital, Dhaka. Clean catch mid-stream urine samples were collected in sterile containers. The samples were cultured on CLED agar media with a standard calibrated loop and incubated at 370C overnight. P. aeruginosa grows well at 25°C to 37°C, and its ability to grow at 42°C helped to distinguish it from other Pseudomonas species. Antibiotic sensitivity test was done according to Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI) guideline.

Results: A total of 10427 urine sample were received in the department of Microbiology of BMCH during these two years. Isolation rate of P. aeroginosa was 4% in 2019 and it increased to 6% in 2020. Piperacillin/Tazobactam showed sensitivity which was 63.33% in 2019 and 82% in 2020, followed by imipenem, meropenem, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime and aztreonam; which were 50% to 60% on an average. Sensitivity of the organism to Gentamycin (13.33% in 2019 & 30.3% in 2020), Netilmicin (20% in 2019 & 30.3% in 2020) and Ceftriaxone (13.33% in 2019 & 12.3% in 2020) was found very low.

Conclusion: P. aeruginosa isolates in urine culture is increasing in hospital admitted patient and becoming resistant to multiple antibiotics which is frightening.

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 40-44
Alagille Syndrome: A Case Report
Authors: Baidya Madhabi , Ahmed Syed Shafi , Mahmud Salauddin
Published: April 2022

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 71-73
Institute News Vol. 37(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2022

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 80
Postgraduate Courses and Training in Paediatrics in BSH&I Vol. 37(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2022

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 81
Students Qualified from Bangladesh Shishu Hospital & Institute (Former BICH) Vol. 37(1)
Authors: Editor The
Published: April 2022

Abstract not available

DS (Child) H J 2021; 37(1): 82
Phacoemulsification Learning Curve : Our Experience
Authors: Abedin Md Jainal , Mollick Chinmoy
Published: April 2022

Background : To asses resident”s performance of phacoemulsification surgery and determine which steps of the procedure are most difficult to learn and to measure rate of intraoperative complications.

Materials and methods : A prospective study was carried out at Bangladesh Eye Hospital between January 2016 to December 2017. The total 50 (Fifty) eyes of fifty patients diagnosed cataract patient were selected randomly.

Results : Corrected visual outcome after 3 weeks of operation were 6/6 in 18 patients (36%) 6/9 in 17 pts (34%) 6/12 in 7 pts (14%) 6/18 in 4 pts (8%) 6/24 in 3 (6%) and 6/36 in one pt (2%). Overall intraoperative complications occurred in 14 cases (28%) including with cases experiencing more than one complication. There is corneal wound burn 2 cases (4%) Iris catch by phaco probe 3 cases (6%) Anterior capsular edges tear 3 cases (6%) Posterior capsular rupture 4 cases (8%) with vitrous loss 2 cases (4%) retained lens fragments 2 cases (4%). Post operative complications include wound gap, shallow anterior chamber, corneal stromal oedema and bullous keratopathy.

Conclusion : The study indicates that a trainee can be taught phacoemulsification with acceptable complication rates and visual results. The results compare favourably with reports of senior surgeons converting to phacoemulsification, trainee surgeons learning extracapsular surgery, and recently reported phacoemulsification series.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), June 2021; 43-46
Aetiology, Clinical Presentation and Outcome of Patients with Ascites in Medicine Unit of Chittagong Medical College Hospital : A Study of 100 Cases
Authors: Rahman Touhidur , Alam Sultana Ruma , Haque Salina , Nasreen Hasina , Sultan Mohammad Majed
Published: April 2022

Background: Ascites is a common clinical condition encountered by physician in day-to-day practice. It will be an understatement to state that ascites is common in our country rather it is safe to say that ascites is one of the most common mode of presentation in the hospital wards in our country. The aim of the study was to find out the common causes of ascites by evaluating the clinical presentations along with the ascitic fluid study and other routine and related investigations followed by observing the short-term outcome of the patients with ascites during their hospital tenure.

Materials and methods: It is a descriptive observational study carried out in Medicine Department of Chittagong Medical College Hospital (CMCH) over a period of one year (October 2008- September 2009). Hundred consecutive adult patients admitted in different units of Medicine Department, CMCH with ascites were the subjects of this study. After selection of cases detailed clinical history was taken and elaborate physical examination was done. Common criteria for data collection were followed in every case. Ascitic fluid was collected and examined in all 100 cases. Selected investigations were designed considering the symptomatology and systems affected and reserved for those cases where symptoms and signs were strongly in favour of the diagnosis that needs to be investigated accordingly. All the data were computed and analysed with proper statistical methods.

Results: Data analysis of the present study reveals that Cirrhosis of liver is the commonest cause of ascites (50%). Next two major causes are Tubercular Peritonitis (21%) and Congestive Cardiac Failure (14%). Other important causes include hepatocellular carcinoma (7%) Su-bacute Hepatic Failure (3%) Intra-abdominal malignancy (Except hepatocellular Carcinoma) (3%) and Nephrotic Syndrome (1%). Clinical presentations have shown that most of the patients had multiple and variable presentations. Serum ALP, AST, ALT, Ascitic Fluid Total Protein (AFTP) (F=5.04, p=0.0009 <0.05) Serum Ascitic Fluid Albumin Gradient (SAAG) are found to be statistically significant. Total 76% patients improved with treatment, condition of 11% patients were static and 1% deteriorated. 9% patients of this study died during hospital stay in spite of appropriate treatment measures. 3% of them died of grade IV hepatic encephalopathy, 2% died of complications of very late stage of congestive cardiac failure. Rest 4% were case of hepatocellular carcinoma on top of cirrhosis of liver.

Conclusion: Results of this study offers an overview of aetiology, clinical presentation and short-term outcome of the patients with ascites reporting to a tertiary level hospital in this zone.

IAHS Medical Journal Vol 4(2), June 2021; 56-62
Low Cost and Portable Mechanical Ventilator
Authors: Ahmed Saim , Ahmed Ehtisham , Ahmad khan  , Zeeshan Rafiq
Published: April 2022

This paper presents a low-cost and portable mechanical ventilator in order to contribute towards the increasing demand for mechanical ventilators all over the world due to the global pandemic of COVID-19. The proposed system’s portability makes it different from the other ventilators which are currently used in different hospitals. It could be easily carried from one place to another without facing any difficulty because of its small size and low weight as compared to the previous versions of ventilators. Moreover, the aim is to design and provide an adequate amount of oxygen and clear CO2 simultaneously to the patients and it will also prevent infection. The proposed ventilator is one of the simplest variations of a mechanical ventilator and the idea behind this vision is to make it too simple so that any ward nurse or a common man can easily operate it efficiently. Therefore, an expert can also invest his/her time while looking after much more severe cases as compared to not making much of his/her timeless productive while standing in front of the ventilators and taking care of patients in the early stage.
Desenvolvimento e caracterização de cereal matinal extrusado de tapioca e folhas de estévia (Stevia rebaudiana)
Authors: Sousa Luana Cristina Silva de , Machado Leonardo Martins , Raniero Ghiovani Zanzotti , Zancheta Julia Castilho , Silva Denise de Moraes Batista da , Zorzenon Maria Rosa Trentin , Costa Sílvio Cláudio da , Monteiro Antonio Roberto Giriboni
Published: April 2022

Desenvolver produtos extrusados com maior qualidade nutricional e que tenham sabor agradável é um desafio para a indústria de alimentos. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é desenvolver um cereal matinal extrusado à base de mandioca e de folhas de estévia pré-tratadas com etanol e caracterizá-lo química e sensorialmente. Foram produzidas três formulações de cereais matinais utilizando tapioca granulada e de 0-2% de folhas de estévia. As determinações de umidade, cinzas e proteínas foram realizadas de acordo com o método descrito pela AOAC (2005) e a de lipídeos pelo método de Goldfish. O teor de carboidratos foi estimado subtraindo-se de 100 o somatório dos resultados anteriores. A aceitação sensorial foi avaliada por meio de escala hedônica de nove pontos. A incorporação de folhas de estévia nos cereais matinais de tapioca representou um aumento significativo na composição centesimal dos extrusados, elevando o teor de proteínas entre as formulações. Apenas os teores de cinzas e lipídeos não diferiram estatisticamente entre a formulação com 1% de estévia e o controle. Todas as formulações foram bem aceitas sensorialmente e não houve diferenças significativas entre as notas atribuídas aos cereais matinais, todos obtendo valores entre 5,71 e 5,82 para o sabor, 5,29 e 6,29 para a textura e 5,53 e 6,29 para a avaliação global. O cereal matinal elaborado com adição de 2% de folhas de estévia obteve os menores percentuais na região de rejeição e o maior teor de proteínas, se mostrando promissor para a produção de cereais matinais.
REASONS FOR SCHOOL ESCAPE FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF TEACHERS AND STUDENTS OF THE INTEGRATED ELECTRONICS TECHNICAL COURSE AT THE FEDERAL INSTITUTE OF ALAGOAS ON CAMPUS MACEIÓ
Authors: Fidelis Mariluze da Silva Vieira , Lima André Sueldo Tavares de
Published: April 2022

This article intends to understand school, dropout from the perspective of teachers and students within the Integrated Technical Course of Electronics of the Federal Institute of Alagoas, at Campus Maceió, in order to alleviate the problem in the context of the course, building proposals that help the student stay in the integration of studies. The study methodology has a quantitative and qualitative approach. Data were collected in 2020 and 2021 by applying online questionnaires, made possible by google forms, sent to 66 teachers of general and technical training who teach classes in the integrated electronics course and to 194 enrolled students. It is observed in the field research recurrence referring to the need to expand the continuous and pedagogical training of teachers and other school actors, to resize the lack of articulation between sectors, to strengthen public education policies, attention to the socioeconomic problems of students, to encourage greater family participation, the need to readjust physical spaces and reactivate the school food and nutrition sector, propose strategies that help those who by social imposition need to reconcile study and work and finally plan a wide dissemination of the nature of the courses offered at IFAL, in order to to prevent the lack of identification of students with the course they are taking. It is understood that this problem is also associated with the diversity of professionals and students who make up the Federal Institutes, as is verified in other realities by scholars on the subject. Finally, this problem becomes characteristic of the dynamism of inclusion.
Diagnosis of the production cycle in the small shaft sinking
Authors: Luz José Aurélio Medeiros da , Silva José Margarida da , Neuppmann Pedro Henrique
Published: April 2022

Shaft sinking is a classic activity in underground mines. In shafts with small cross-section or in mines with low mechanization indices it is common to use hand pneumatic drills and blasting by explosive gelatin in cartridges, employing natural draft or flexible ducts with axial fans for gases and fumes exhaustion, muck removal by hand shoveling into hoistable dumping buckets. System of this type has been studied here, consisting of a rectangular cross-section shaft (3.7 m x 2.0 m), with final depth of 94 m, excavated in order to obtain samples for a pilot-scale mineral processing testwork, before the open pit mine’s industrial startup. The shaft had a concrete collar and its walls were supported by wooden sets spaced 1.5 m and 25 mm thick wooden planks as liners. This shaft has been excavated in schist rocks belonging to the metamorphosed hydrothermal deposit of copper and gold located in Chapada (municipality of Mara Rosa, Brazil). Daily production worksheets covering one month campaign were statistically analyzed, encompassing the entire cycle of mining operations, namely drilling, charging and blasting, fumes exhaustion, mucking, wall and   face trimming and scaling, and assemblage of support system. Operation downtimes were also quantified. Statistical analysis of productivity indices allowed the detection of critical points of the operation and the establishment reference for similar mining operations.