bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A systematic approach to the study of psychological and pedagogical factors of the effectiveness of mastering a foreign language
Authors: Tavasieva Bella A.
Published: July 2020

This article discusses the problems of increasing the efficiency of the process of teaching a foreign language in a non-language university. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to use a systematic approach in the educational process, i.e. to create a holistic picture of the relationship and interaction of psycho-medical factors affecting the level of success of learning a foreign language. Using a systematic approach in the study of psycho-medical factors of the effectiveness of foreign language mastering in the university, it is necessary to consider the internal determination of the success of foreign language mastering as a result of the interconnected functioning of the complex of factors and to study the degree of formation of each factor, depending on the different conditions of educational activity. From the analysis of domestic and foreign works it follows that the success of mastering a foreign language is determined by a whole complex of psychological - pedagogical, methodological factors. As a basis for selecting the factors constituting the set of determinants of the internal order and determining the success of the study of a foreign language, their importance in the implementation of a single function for them - to contribute to the effectiveness of the process of learning a foreign language - was used. Having conducted a theoretical study, a set of factors represented by language abilities, thought activities, motivation and will qualities of students was determined. In the basis of this complex the author puts abilities as individual-psychological features of personality, which realize and facilitate the process of mastery, make it the most effective. But since research and practice show that success and ability do not always directly correlate with each other, it is advisable to study the nature of the connection between the success of foreign language acquisition by students of different levels of formation of language abilities with other psychological factors - pedagogical factors: mental activity, motivation and will qualities of students.
Budget tools for supporting the agro-industrial complex in China
Authors: Aguzarova Larisa A. , Dzudtsova Inna I.
Published: July 2020

The agro-industrial complex is one of the most important sectors in the economy of any country, and the Russian Federation is no exception. The modern development of the state’s economy largely depends on the level of development of the agro-industrial sector and the efficiency of management activities of its management. For more than 25 years, Russia has been in the process of reforming and transforming the agricultural sector. The level of agricultural development remains quite ambiguous.
Stimulating the agricultural sector at the state level is a priority for advanced countries in economic policy, because agriculture is the most important branch of the national economy, which actively involves a diverse set of measures for state support (subsidies, benefits, trade protection, etc.). The existing system of state regulation and support of agriculture in China is based on standard methods used in most countries of the world.
The article is devoted to the study of the mechanisms of state support for the agro-industrial complex in China, because it is important to study which structure and organization of agricultural production contributes to the most intensive and balanced development. It is necessary to realize that it is not possible to improve the efficiency of the agro-industrial complex in the short term, so long-term forecasts and programs should be developed. This is especially important in today’s volatile economy.
Possible methods of stimulating domestic agricultural producers based on the experience of the country under consideration are considered. As a result of the analysis, positive and negative factors of influence of certain measures for state support of agriculture in General on the country’s economy were identified. The article discusses the main methods of state support for agriculture used in the PRC and the possibility of their application in the Russian Federation. This article is intended for those who work in the field of Finance of the agro-industrial complex.
Formation of the concept «difference» in early works of R. Musil
Authors: Konysheva N.Yu.
Published: July 2020

«Other condition» is a utopia of opposites of rational and irrational. The idea of «otherness», which is the basis of the whole creation of Musil took shape in a holistic concept of knowledge and search. The way of the formation of the concept in early diaries, the first novel and the novel of the early creation are described in this article. The general field of the concept of semantic, which extends to early works of Musil, formalizes differently and gets additional meanings inside of the separate creation. In early creation of R. Musil we can distinguish three phases of the formation of the concept. In diaries it’s the formulation of the idea of the otherness: the possibility of an irrational experience; in novel «The confusions of young Torless» it is the statement and the solving of the problem of word search and linguistic expression of the concept; and finally it’s the conceptualization of the idea in the novel « The Perfecting of a Love». In novel «The confusions of young Torless» semantic aspects of the concept are actual: 1) exceptionality of the hero, who is different in relation to other; 2) the evolution of the character that is «different» in relation to yourself; 3) «different», that is contraposed.
Physicochemical Analysis and Antioxidant Activity of Onion Bulbs (Allium cepa L.)
Authors: Ladeska Vera , Rindita  , Amyra Nur , Dwi Veranthy Tamara
Published: July 2020

Allium cepa L. (onion bulb) is a cultivated onion extensively and types of onions that are often used for various cuisines in Indonesia. The onion bulb was efficient in reducing blood fat levels and diuretics. This study aims to complete the onion monograph with determine the physicochemical characteristics and antioxidant activity. Microscopic results obtained include: has fibrous roots and it’s white, and about 9.5 cm long. The stem is pseudo, and the water is whitish-green, cylindrical leaves are dark green, elongated like a pipe and hollow with a length of ± 20 cm, and the tip is tapered. Onion tubers are single layer bulbs, having a diameter of 6 mm, which is higher than onions. Microscopic results contained identification fragments, including hair covering and transporting beams with thickening stairs and spirals. From the results of research on ethanol extract, 70% Allium cepa L. shows a drying shrinkage of 9.69%, 5.16% total ash content, 0.07 % acid insoluble acid dust, 14.36% water-soluble extract, and soluble ethanol extracts 23.04%. Phytochemical screening contains flavonoids, saponins, phenols, dan triterpenoids. Total flavonoid content contained in ethanol extract of onion tubers was 1.48 ± 0.12 mg QE/g. Total phenolic concentrations obtained in onion tuber ethanol extract were 103.47 ± 3.09 mg GAE/g. The antioxidant activity of ethanol extract of onion tubers by the DPPH method received IC50 is 65.31 ppm.
DIETA E EXERCÍCIO FÍSICO NO ENVELHECIMENTO SAUDÁVEL - PROJETO DE EXTENSÃO SAÚDE E MEIO AMBIENTE
Authors: Nascimento Raphael Castiglioni , Santos Veronica de Souza , Vetoraci Matheus Valiati , Puppin Maria Angélica Ferreira Leal
Published: July 2020

O treinamento de resistência é atualmente a estratégia conhecida mais eficaz para combater a sarcopenia, estimulando a hipertrofia e aumento da força; consiste em qualquer atividade em que os músculos
Osmanlıların Bağdat'taki Veli Topu: Ebu Hızzame
Authors: GÜNAY Vehbi
Published: July 2020

Bağdat’ın Kanunî Sultan Süleyman tarafından 1534’te Osmanlı egemenliğine alınmasının ardından XVII. yüzyıl başlarında ortaya çıkan gelişmeler şehrin 1624’te Safevîlerin eline geçmesiyle sonuçlanmıştır. Osmanlı Devleti’nin şehri geri almak için yaptığı sefer ve kuşatmalar başarısız olmuş, 1635’te ilk doğu seferine çıkarak Revan ve Tebriz’i fethetmiş olan Sultan IV. Murad 1638’deki uzun süreli muhasaranın ardından Bağdat’ı yeniden Osmanlı topraklarına katmıştır.

Sultan IV. Murad, berkitilmiş surlar ve istihkâmlarla savunulan Dicle nehrinin kenarındaki şehrin kuşatılması için güçlü ordusuyla birlikte çok miktarda kale döğen top getirmiştir. Bağdat kuşatmasında aktif olarak kullanılan büyük silahlardan bazıları geri götürülmeyerek muhafaza ve müdafaa için bırakılmıştır. Bağdat’taki Osmanlı topları I. Dünya Savaşı’nda Kûtü’l-Amâre harekâtı sırasında da kullanılmışlardır. Bunlar Bağdat önlerindeki faaliyetlerinden 278 yıl sonra tekrar savaşa katılmışlardır.

Sultan Murad devrine ait Bağdat’taki Osmanlı toplarından birisi halk arasında “Ebu Hızzâme” olarak adlandırılmıştır. Bu ünlü kuşatma topu hakkında çeşitli inanış ve pratikler geliştiği gibi kutsiyet atfedilerek velî mertebesinde olduğu kabul edilmiştir.

Bu çalışmada, Ortadoğu’nun önemli stratejik merkezlerinden olan Bağdat’ın Osmanlılar tarafından yeniden alınmasına dair genel bir değerlendirme yapılarak Osmanlı’nın bu topraklardaki müşterek yadigârı olarak günümüze ulaşabilen Bağdat’ın tarihî topuna ilişkin bilgiler ele alınmıştır.
On Yedinci Yüzyılda Safevî İranı ile Moskova Arasındaki İpek Ticaretinde Ortaya Çıkan Osmanlı Aleyhtarı Siyasalar ve Mürûr Hakları
Authors: MATTHEE Rudi
Published: July 2020

Rudi Matthee, “Anti-Ottoman Politics and Transit Rights: The Seventeenth-Century Trade in Silk between Safavid Iran and Muscovy”, Cahiers du Monde russe, vol. 35, No. 4 (Oct.-Dec., 1994), s. 739-761.

Safevî İranı’nı, mücavir devletlerden müteşekkil bir çarkın merkezi olarak tasavvur edersek bu çarkın merkezi ile mücavir devletler arasındaki muhtelif irtibat hatlarına ilişkin bilgimizin sathiliği de hemen fark edilir. Safevîlerin, İran ile siyasi ve ticari cihetten yakın bulunan ülkelerle münasebetlerine dair, Moskova Devleti ile ilişkileri hakkında telif edilmiş Rusça tetkikler hariç, hemen hemen hiçbir şey bilinmiyor.

İran ile arasındaki coğrafyada mukim uzlaşmaz aşiret halkları yüzünden İran’dan uzun zamandır kopuk olan Moskova; İran’a, Osmanlı Devleti ve Babürlü İmparatorluğu’na kıyasla daha uzaktı ve bu iki imparatorluk siyasi yapı ve iktisat siyasaları açısından ise benzer özelliklere sahipti. Fakat bu ahval, Rusya’nın güneye doğru genişlemesi Moskova’yı Safevî İranı’nın kendisine ait olduğunu iddia ettiği bölgenin hudutlarına yaklaştırdığı dönemde yani 16. yüzyılda değişmeye başladı. Rusya ile Safevîler arasındaki bu keyfiyet ise Safevîler ile Osmanlı Devleti arasında mevcut olan karşılıklı husumetten tamamen farklı bir yapıya sahipti. Safevî ve Osmanlı ilişkilerinin çatışmalı bir hâl almasına sebebiyet veren husus, müşterek bir dinî mirasın yekdiğerine rakip olan tevilleriydi. Rusya ve İran birbirleriyle, Safevîler ile Babürlüler arasındaki münasebetleri tefrik eden türden kültürel bir alışverişe hiç girişmediler. Buna mukabil Rusya ile İran’ı temasa geçiren unsur, iktisat ve siyasete müteallik bir takım müşterek ve müşahhas menfaatlerdi ve bu iki husus 17. yüzyılın başlarında cari olan beynelmilel siyaset yapılanmaları ve ticaret tarzları ile de yakından ilgiliydi.
Пространственная мобильность жителей Новосибирской области (по материалам массового опроса жителей области в 2018 г.)
Authors: Мосиенко Н. Л. , Иванова В. В. , Дьячкова П. А.
Published: July 2020

В статье представлены результаты исследования пространственной мобильности и маятниковых миграций жителей Новосибирской области. Информационную базу исследования составили данные массового опроса жителей области, проведенного в июле 2018 г. Метод сбора информации – формализованное телефонное интервью. Даны оценки масштаба пространственной мобильности и маятниковых миграций жителей региона. Для анализа территория Новосибирской области была условно разделена на пять укрупненных территориальных зон: город Новосибирск (центр агломерации), Периферия агломерации, Восточная часть области (без агломерации), Центральная и Западная части. Выявлены различия пространственной мобильности и маятниковых миграций между территориальными зонами по следующим параметрам – регулярность, частота, цели, длительность поездок и вид используемого транспорта. Также описана дифференциация оценок условий для работы, отдыха, образования, получения медицинской помощи по укрупненным территориальным зонам: наиболее высокие оценки достаточности возможностей по всем аспектам условий жизни даны жителями Новосибирска, жители остальных территориальных зон оценивают качество условий жизни в своих населенных пунктах ниже по всем аспектам, что является одним из стимулов пространственной мобильности.
Рециклинг вторичных строительных ресурсов. Проблемы и перспективы отрасли на примере г. Москвы
Authors: Лунев Г. Г. , Прохоцкий Ю. М.
Published: July 2020

В статье анализируется проблема утилизации отходов строительства и сноса в России, особенно актуальная в связи с активизацией проектов реновации жилого фонда и реализацией национальных проектов. Наиболее эффективным методом утилизации является рециклинг, т.е. переработка в качестве вторичных строительных ресурсов (ВСР), но по доле перерабатываемых строительных отходов (около 10% от их общего объема) Россия сильно отстает от развитых стран. На примере г. Москвы рассмотрены предварительные итоги начального этапа реновации ветхого жилого фонда и выявлены основные проблемы, негативно влияющие на эффективность и развитие отрасли по переработке строительных отходов. Главные из них – это недостаточная мощность существующих предприятий и сложность организации процесса сбора и сортировки отходов непосредственно на строительной площадке. С целью преодоления названных ограничений авторы предлагают блок-схему структуры и этапов комплексного рециклинга вторичных строительных ресурсов. Определены и рассмотрены основные экономически эффективные технологии переработки ВСР, которые перспективны для инвестирования в развитие малого и среднего бизнеса с использованием рыночных механизмов и государственного регулирования.
Реален ли сценарий повышения доступности бензина в России
Authors: Колпаков А. Ю.
Published: July 2020

В последние годы на российском рынке моторных топлив сформировалась система противоречивых требований, что вылилось в резкий рост цен в 2018 г. В результате был введен инструмент обратных акцизов и предельной оптовой цены, что изменило систему ценообразования. Нефтяные компании продолжают использовать цену нетбэк в качестве ориентира, но вычитают из нее обратный акциз и некоторую скидку для внутреннего рынка, определяя таким образом оптовую цену. За 2015–2019 гг. доступность бензина в России снизилась на 12% и упала ниже уровня 2009 г. В базовом сценарии, согласованным с актуальным прогнозом Минэкономразвития России, доступность бензина повысится за счет роста реальных доходов населения, но останется ниже уровня 2015 г. При этом возможна реализация сценария повышения доступности бензина через замедление роста цен на моторные топлива. Это позволит перераспределить часть доходов государственного бюджета и нефтяного сектора (которые, вероятно, подверглись бы резервированию) в пользу населения и неэнергетических отраслей экономики, то есть именно туда, где необходимо качественное улучшение положения дел.
Особенности стоимости капитала на рынке зеленых облигаций
Authors: Дорофеев М. Л.
Published: July 2020

В работе исследуется рынок зеленых облигаций – ключевой инструмент финансирования растущего сектора «зеленой» экономики. Анализируются особенности ценообразования на этом рынке в части наличия специфических премий/дисконтов за риск. Методами исследования выступают обзорный анализ и систематизация результатов научных и эмпирических исследований по проблематике оценки премий за риск, предоставляемых финансовым рынком в период с 2007–2019 гг. инвесторам зеленых облигаций. Выявленные значительные расхождения в стоимости привлеченного капитала (от -18 до +12 базисных пунктов к стоимости аналогичных коричневых облигаций) главным образом зависят от деловой репутации и статуса эмитентов этих бумаг. Для мелких и средних частных эмитентов зеленых облигаций стоимость привлеченного капитала может оказаться выше, чем для аналогичных эмитентов классического долгового рынка, не обладающих зеленым статусом.
О производительности труда и одноименном национальном проекте
Authors: Лавровский Б. Л. , Хайруллина М. В. , Волосская К. Н. , Чуваев А. В.
Published: July 2020

Контекст национальных проектов, судя по структуре их финансирования, состоит в мобилизации накопленных резервов по возможности без серьезных инвестиций. Иначе говоря, добиться повышения уровня жизни предполагается за счет относительно скромных вложений в источники экономического роста. Теоретически это возможно. В рамках восстановительного периода (по окончании 1990-х гг.) такая схема была успешно осуществлена. В промышленности в течение 2000–2004 гг. повсеместно наблюдалось вовлечение резервов накопленных мощностей, заметное систематическое нарастание их нагрузки – с 42,1% до 50,8%. Но возможно ли повторить подобный маневр в современных условиях? По данным Росстата, средняя нагрузка мощностей в промышленности в течение 2010–2016 гг. оставалась практически неизменной (чуть более 50%). С учетом застойного характера развития последних лет прирост средней нагрузки мощностей за период действия нацпроекта при благоприятной спросовой конъюнктуре может составить 2–3 п.п. Отсутствие достаточного спроса не превращает потенциал сколь угодно больших объемов свободных мощностей в реальный источник экономического роста. И наоборот. Возрастающее год от года значение национальных проектов для наращивания совокупного спроса не является критически значимым. Скажем, в 2022 г. их финансирование из федерального бюджета будет находиться в пределах 12,5% от общей величины расходов. Сколько-нибудь заметного эффекта от расширения совокупного спроса к настоящему времени не просматривается.
Потребление vs сбережения: выбор россиян в условиях экономической нестабильности 2015–2017 гг.
Authors: Белехова Г. В.
Published: July 2020

В статье на основе данных официальной статистики и национальных социологических исследований рассматриваются процессы потребления и сбережения денежных средств населением в период нестабильной экономической конъюнктуры 2015–2017 гг. Обращение к данной тематике актуализируется тем, что именно потребительское и сберегательное поведение являются первичными маркерами адаптации населения к изменяющимся внешним условиям. За 2015–2017 гг. структура формирования и распределения доходов, соотношение доходных групп существенно не изменились. Не наблюдается кардинального сокращения сбережений в форме банковских вкладов и объемов потребления, рассматриваемых через розничный товарооборот. Неизменными остаются как самооценки населением материального положения, так и общественные настроения относительно реализации потребительских предпочтений. Несмотря на затянувшийся спад реальных доходов, население стало менее негативно оценивать свою жизнь в целом; сократилось число тех, кто испытывает острую нехватку денег или экономит на текущем потреблении.

 
Текущее состояние продовольственной безопасности в странах ЕАЭС
Authors: Ползиков Д. А.
Published: July 2020

 В статье рассматриваются принятые концепции продовольственной безопасности и оценивается её актуальное состояние в странах Евразийского экономического союза (ЕАЭС). Представлен анализ экономической и физической доступности продовольствия, зависимости внутреннего рынка от импорта. Приводятся данные о среднедушевом потреблении продуктов питания (в сравнении с установленными нормативами), энергетической ценности рациона, доле расходов на продовольствие в структуре потребительских расходов населения, а также авторские оценки относительно фактических и нормативных потребительских расходов домашних хозяйств в разрезе 10%-х доходных групп. На основе данных балансов ресурсов и использования основных видов агропродовольственной продукции рассчитана доля импорта в их внутреннем потреблении. Автор делает вывод о том, что действующие критерии продовольственной безопасности формально выполняются по большинству продуктов питания во всех странах ЕАЭС, кроме Кыргызстана. Вместе с тем сохраняется проблема недостаточной экономической доступности продовольствия в требуемых объёмах и ассортименте для значительной части населения. Показано, что основную часть импорта сельхозсырья и продовольствия составляют поставки из стран-партнёров по ЕАЭС. Это уменьшает риски внешних шоков предложения агропродовольственной продукции и создаёт предпосылки для смягчения целевых установок концепции продовольственной безопасности в странах ЕАЭС в отношении минимальных уровней продовольственного самообеспечения.
Будущее российской экономики глазами «отцов» и «детей». Взгляд шестой
Authors: Берсенева Д. А. , Шмат В. В.
Published: July 2020

Статья продолжает цикл публикаций в «ЭКО» с краткими отчетами о результатах исследования по сценарному прогнозированию развития российской экономики с применением экспертно-статистического байесовского метода. Особенность метода состоит в том, что на основе экспертных оценок он позволяет строить прогнозы в условиях сильной неопределенности. На шестом этапе исследования сформирована содержательная модельная конструкция, отражающая проблематику модернизации экономики, инновационного развития во взаимосвязи с экономическим ростом. По результатам экспертного опроса и их интерпретации «нарисован» эскиз наиболее вероятного будущего с преобладанием застойно-пессимистических черт. Математическое моделирование прогноза выявило высокие шансы реализации сценариев «На периферии мира», «Ресурсная держава» и «Лицом к Востоку».
KRİZ KOŞULLARINDA IRAK TOPLUMUNDA İNSANİ GÜVENLİK VE GELİŞİMİ ÜZERİNE BİR ANALİZ
Authors: AKCA Ümit , ABD Hassan Hamad Abd
Published: July 2020

Toplumsal gelişmenin temel dayanaklarından biri olarak nitelenen insani güvenlik, bireylerin statülerini, saygınlıklarını, geçimlerini ve hayatlarını tehdit eden tehlikelerden koruyup kurtarmak şeklinde tanımlanabilir. Toplumsal gelişmenin bir boyutunu oluşturan insani gelişme de bireylerin yeteneklerini ve kendilerine sağlanan fırsatların gelişmesini artırmaktadır. İnsani güvenlik konusunda yapılan araştırmalar, bu olgunun sadece kriz toplumlarında mevcut güvenlik koşullarına değil, bütün toplumlarda insan hayatının varlığına bağlı olan geniş bir anlama sahip olduğunu göstermektedir. Toplumsal hedeflerin ve önceliklerin farklılığına rağmen, insani güvenlik, bütün toplumlar için ortak bir endişe kaynağıdır. Irak toplumu özelinde, yaşanan güvensizlik durumunun, bireyler ve gruplar arasında kendileri için çok önemli olan emniyet durumunun kaybolması hissini uyandırmış olduğu söylenebilir. Irak’ta toplumsal hayat içinde bireyler sürekli olarak tehdit altında yaşadıklarını ve bu tehdit kaynaklarının gelecekte de karşı konulamaz veya kontrol edilemez hale geldiğini hissetmektedir. Irak devletinin politikasına hakim olan terörizmle savaş ile çabası, bireylerin hak ve güvenliğine yapılan baskının artmasına ve bir çok şehirde altyapının tahrip edilmesine neden ve böylece de toplumun eskisinden daha az güvenli bir ortam yaratmasına sebep olmuştur.
RUSSIAN CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS 2020: SOCIAL STATE OR PUTIN FOREVER?
Authors: DEMYDOVA Viktoriia
Published: July 2020

The year of 2020 was to become a triumph year for Putin. His 20th anniversary would be marked by the amendments to the Constitution and the 75th anniversary of the Soviets’ Victory in the World War II. This article seeks to examine 2020 Constitutional amendments in the Russian Federation that were proposed by Putin in January 2020 and that would secure Putin’s power till 2036. The author argues that in order to stay in power after 2024 election, Putin had to propose significant social guarantees to the Russian people. Direct changes in the balance of powers and presidential terms would be impossible due to the declining ratings of support for the president and government. Therefore, provisions about maternity payments, indexation of pensions and minimal wage were presented before the changes to the political system of the country. Besides, Russians have little knowledge about political system and abovementioned basic promises would look more attractive. Case study, utilized in this article, includes analysis of Putin’s speeches regarding amendments to 1993 Russian Constitution, corresponding presidential bill, legislation related to the issues introduced to the Constitution in 2020 and media coverage of those. It was complemented by the examination of the factors that led to the concrete provisions in the text as well as their outcomes for the society.
Development and Optimization of Amoxicillin Floating Raft System to effectively treat Helicobacter pylori infection
Authors: Kamsali Akhil , Eranti Bhargav , CH Mounika , Manne Ravi , G Chaitanya Barghav , P Subba Reddy
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The aim of the present study was to develop and to characterize the Floating raft system (FRS) of Amoxicillin to enhance gastric residence time and drug release to target Helicobacter pylori effectively. Method: In the present study, guar gum, Glyceryl Monostearate (GMS), Calcium carbonate were selected as factors. Gelation duration (h), floating lag time (min), and % Cumulative drug release (CDR) were selected as responses. 23 factorial design with replicates was selected for experimentation. Results: It was observed that Guar gum and GMS were the major factors affecting gelation duration, increase in the quantity of both Guar gum and GMS increased gelation duration i.e., sustained gelation period (24 h).  Floating time increased with an increase in the amount of guar gum and calcium carbonate, whereas an increase in the quantity of GMS decreased floating time. Guar gum, calcium carbonate, and GMS  exhibited an antagonistic effect on  % CDR. Contour plots were used to identify design space; further numerical analysis yielded 12 best solutions based on desirability. FRS exhibited greater AUCo-t, Cmax, tmax, and t1/2 when compared to marketed formulation approximately 2.30 folds enhancement and prolongation with a sustained release for greater than 24 h that might be due to better gelation. Conclusions: It can be concluded that the floating raft system was successfully developed by the Design of experiment (DoE) application with fewer trails and by utilizing easily available excipients for better floating, gelation, and sustained delivery of the drug.
Formulation and evaluation of baclofen liposome vesicles using lecithin
Authors: Keservani Raj K. , Gautam Surya Prakash
Published: July 2020

Introduction: The main aim of present study was to prepare and characterize liposomal formulation of baclofen to improve the effectiveness of the topically applied formulation. Method: For the preparation of liposomes, different ratio of lecithin, cholesterol and ethanol were taken but ratio of drug and stearic acid were kept constant and prepared by ethanol injection method. Liposomes were characterized for vesicle size, vesicle shape, entrapment efficiency, in vitro studies, stability studies and in vivo studies. Results: The average particle size of formulated liposome was in the range of 3.98±0.45-4.24±0.65 µm and small unilamellar vesicles with spherical in shape observed. Entrapment efficiency of optimized formulation was 58.67±0.81 %. The maximum % cumulative drug release behaviours were 67.66±5.32 % after 10 h. formulation stored in 4±2 °C temperature shows better stability (64.19±0.26) compared to elevated temperature. Swiss albino mice were used for the in vivo study and exhibit muscle relaxant activity in terms of no. of falls from rota rod apparatus (p value =0.001). Conclusions: Baclofen loaded liposomal formulation have shown skeletal muscle relaxant activity in mice suggesting delivery of baclofen from liposomes in the therapeutic range.
Experience of Application of Phosphodiesthesis Inhibitor 5 Type Eroton (Sildenafil Citrate) in Therapy Erectile Dysfunction
Authors: Ю. М. Гурженко
Published: July 2020

The clinical efficacy and safety of Eroton in the treatment of erectile dysfunction in a group of 86 patients with ED of mixed origin was studied. Performance monitoring was carried out using questionnaires on the ICEF scale and Dopplerography. A significant improvement in sexual function was established according to the ICEF as a result of the course intake of Eroton. The clinical efficacy of Eroton is 90.7 %.
Application of Autodermoplasty for Gunshot Injury of Penis and Scrotum at the Specialized Level of Medical Care (Clinical case)
Authors: С. В. Головко  , О. В. Циц  , О. Ф. Савицький  , А. А. Кобірніченко  , А. В. Лисак  , В. Р. Балабаник
Published: July 2020

In peacetime, closed and especially open injuries of the penis are rare in military personnel. In wartime, penile injuries, mainly gunshot and combined, occur quite often. During the WWII, gunshot wounds of the penis accounted for 14% of the total number of injuries of the genitourinary organs. Damage to the penis, especially with the subsequent loss of an organ or part of it, causes not just physical struggle, but also psychological trauma. Damage to the penis accounts for up to half of all injuries of the external genital organs. The frequency of damage to the penis during military conflicts is known and ranges from 10.3 to 16.2 %, according to various authors. Specialized urological care involves the closure of large defects by skin grafts, reconstructive surgery, treatment of complications, closure of the fistula of the bladder and urethra. Mortality among patients with isolated injuries of the penis is minimal, but such patients need emergent medical care, often prompt. Clinical observation of surgical treatment with autodermoplasty of a gunshot wound of the penis at the IV level of medical care is presented. Complete healing of the soft tissue defect of the penis was observed. In order to study the effectiveness of autodermoplasty of a skin defect after a gunshot wound of the penis with a flap of skin from the hip, a dermal fragment was histologically studied after 30 days. At the border of the two fragments, marked fibrosis of the dermis, angiomatosis was noted, foci of chronic inflammation are located in the deeper layers of the dermis, along with fragments of suture material are giant multinucleated cells of the type of foreign bodies. Genital function restored, erection saved. Gunshot combat damage to the external genitalia is an urgent problem for field surgeons and urologists. Despite the improvement of personal protective equipment and the introduction of a new doctrine of medical and evacuation support, methods of prevention, primary care and longterm treatment require attention.
The relationship of the maternal-fetal attachment and the attitude toward exclusive breastfeeding among pregnant women in Indonesia
Authors: Sukriani Wahidah , Suryaningsih Endang Koni , Linh Nguyen Dieu
Published: July 2020

Compare to others province in Borneo, central Borneo has fail to meet the minimum target of exclusive breastfeeding, estimated only about 20.5%. However, in Palangka Raya City, the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding roughly only 14.99% and this number has decreased slowly year by year. Maternal Fetal Attachment (MFA) is playing an important role to the motherâ€™s attitude to breastfeed their babies when they birth. Maternal-fetal attachment also affected to the motherâ€™s health practice attitude toward her pregnancy. The aimed of this study is to explore the relationship between maternal-fetal attachment and their attitude toward breastfeeding exclusively. The consecutive sampling was used to recruited 97 participants in this study. Rank spearmen was calculated to determine the relationship between two variables. The result finding there is no a significant relationship between maternal-fetal attachment and their attitude to breastfeed exclusively. Limitations and recommendations have been made in this article for further study in the same area.
Obedience of iron tablet consumption reduces risk of anemia among Indonesian female adolescents
Authors: Anjarwati Anjarwati , Ruqoiyah Siti
Published: July 2020

Female adolescents have more risks to experience anemia when they have prolonged menstruation, frequent consuming tea, have inadequate iron consumption, have menstrual disorders. The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship of iron tablet consumption obedience with the incidence of anemia among female adolescents in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. This research used cross sectional study. Sampling techniques was using random sampling. Analysis method with Chi square test. The results showed that majority of female adolescents were lack of obedient in consuming iron tablets of 47%. The number of female adolescents were suffered from anemia i.e. 59%. It can be concluded that there was a correlation between the consumption obidience of iron tablets and the incidence of anemia in female adolescents with P value 0.000.
A qualitative study of partnership between woman and midwife within midwife-led care clinic
Authors: Vaira Rizky , Yanti Yanti , Hidayat Asri
Published: July 2020

One indirect causes of maternal mortality in Indonesia is "Three Delays", delays in: (1) deciding to seek appropriate medical help for an obstetric emergency; (2) reaching an appropriate obstetric facility; and (3) receiving adequate care when a facility is reached, which has relation with the lack of women's ability in empowering herself to actively participate and to make suitable decisions about midwifery care they need. The research aims to explore the partnership between woman and midwife in midwifery care. A descriptive qualitative study was conducted using a convenience sample of six low-risk women after they had given birth and six midwives from six geographically distinct midwife-led care clinic in Bantul Regency. Data were collected through semiâ€‘structured inâ€‘depth interviews. The interview was conducted twoÂ  to three times and recorded by audio record. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed by the thematic analysis according to Cresswell approach. Seven major themes were identified: (a) midwives ability to partner with women, (b) equality and reciprocity, (c) negotiation, (d) empowerment, (e) trust and time, (f) sharing power and responsibility, and (g) professional friendship. Most of the women are not capable to empower themselves such as less participating in decision making, less considerate in choosing a birthing position, and worsen by the limitations of midwives availability during the delivery process. Midwives need to reflect more the philosophy meaning inside the midwifery care and strengthen the midwifery professionals curriculum in order to persuade women as a partner who capable to empower themselves and to participate actively.
Determinant analysis of bullying among school-age children in Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Authors: Lestari Nina Dwi , Ningrum Ensi Qoriati , Tri Anggraini Karisma Puspita
Published: July 2020

Bullying is a very common, complex, and potentially damaging among school-age children. This incidence has increased from year to year, especially in Yogyakarta. This study aims to determine the factors that influence the occurrence of bullying among school-age children in Yogyakarta. The research method used was quantitative with a cross-sectional design in 114 school-age children in the elementary schools in Yogyakarta. The samples were taken by simple random sampling technique. The research instrument uses a questionnaire. Data were analyzed using the Chi-Square Test. The results showed that the bullying incidence was 51.8% dominated by the type of physical bullying which amounted to 62.7%. There were no significant relationship between sex (p-value = 0, 490), parenting style (p-value = 0778) with the incidence of bullying in school-age children. There were significant relationships between school factors (p-value = 0.001), peers (p-value = 0.024), intensity of watching television shows (p-value = 0.026) with the incidence of bullying in school-age children. It is expected that schools and community health nurses have a role in controlling bullying that occurs in schools
Womenâ€™s knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Rahmawati Elia Ika , Andriyani Dini , Rohmah Fathiyatur
Published: July 2020

Cervical cancer is a malignant disease that remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among women in the world. In Indonesia, only 5% of women of reproductive age screen for cervical cancer. 76.6% of cervical cancer patients are detected with the disease when they entered the advanced stage. Early detection of cervical cancer is the key intervention in the reduction of incidence and mortality of cervical cancer. Other studies reported that the awareness of women of reproductive age to do cervical cancer screening is still very low due to a lack of knowledge about cervical cancer. This study aimed to determine the correlation of knowledge and participation in early detection of cervical cancer in women in reproductive age. This study used an analytical survey with a cross-sectional approach. The sampling technique used incidental sampling with a total of 36 women in reproductive age. Data analysis used Chi-Square test. Statistical results showed that there was a significant correlation between knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer and participation in early detection of cervical cancer, which is p value = 0.020 (< 0.05) and coefficient of contingency (r) = 0.423. The level of closeness of the correlation is medium. Therefore, there is a need for tailored services that could improve knowledge of women in reproductive age about cervical cancer to improve participation with a view to preventing cervical cancer by early detection.
perangkat sumber daya manusia (brainware)
Authors: deby Yosi sinta
Published: July 2020

Abstrak Brainware adalah manusia yang terlibat dalam mengoperasikan serta mengatur sistem di dalam Komputer. Diartikan juga sebagai perangkat intelektual yang mengoperasikan dan mengeksplorasi kemampuan dari hardware maupun software.Konsep hardware-software-brainware adalah merupakan tri tunggal yang tidak bisa di pisahkan satu dengan lainnya. Untuk tahap pertama, manusia harus memasukan program terlebih dahulu ke dalam komputer. Setelah program tersimpan di dalam komputer, maka komputer baru bisa bekerja untuk membantu manusia di dalam menyelesaikan persoalan ataupun pekerjaannya.Kata kunci : sumber daya manusia (Brainware)Abstract Brainware is humans who are involved in operating and managing systems un computers. Also interpreted as an intellectual device that operates and explores the capabilities of hardware as well software.The concept of brainware-software-hardware is a single tri that cannot be separated from one another. For the first stage humans must first enter the program into the computer. After the program is stored in the computer, then the new computer can work to help humans in sloving problems or work.Keywords : human resources (Brainware)
Cross-reactive immunity from combination DTP vaccines could protect against COVID-19
Authors: Reche Pedro A
Published: July 2020

The recently emerged SARS-Cov-2 causing the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic is particularly virulent in the elderly while children are largely spared. Here, we explored the potential role of cross-reactive immunity acquired from vaccinations and exposure to common human pathogens in protection and pathology of COVID-19. To that end, we sought for peptide matches to SARS-CoV-2 (identity ≥ 80%, in at least 8 residues) in the proteomes of 25 human pathogens and in vaccine antigens, and subsequently predicted their T and B cell reactivity to identify potential cross-reactive epitopes. We found that viruses subject to pediatric vaccinations do not contain cross-reactive epitopes with SARS-CoV-2 to support that they can provide any general protection against COVID-19. Likewise, common viruses including rhinovirus, respiratory syncytial virus, influenza virus and several herpesviruses are also poor or null sources of cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2, discarding that immunological memory against these viruses can have any protective or pathological role in COVID-19. In contrast, we found combination vaccines for treating diphtheria, tetanus and pertussis infectious diseases (DTP vaccine) to be significant sources of potential cross-reactive immunity to SARS-CoV-2. DTP cross-reactive epitopes with SARS-CoV-2 include numerous CD8 and CD4 T cell epitopes with broad population coverage and potentially neutralizing B cell epitopes in SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein. Worldwide children receive several DTP vaccinations, including three-four doses the first year of life and one at 4-6 year of age. Moreover, a low antigenic Tdap dose is also given at age 9-14. Thereby, children may well be protected from SARS-CoV-2 through cross-reactive immunity elicited by DTP vaccinations, supporting testing in the general population to prevent COVID-19.
perangkat sumber daya manusia
Authors: Hasibuan Ermida
Published: July 2020

Perangkat Sumber Daya Manusia adalah bagian terpenting dari komponen suatu informasi dalam dunia bisnis yang dikenal sebagai sistem informasi manajemen. Komponen perangkat sumber daya ini merupakan bagian yang tak terpisahkan dengan komponen lainnya di dalam suatu informasi sebagai hasil dari perencanaan, analisis, perancangan, dan strategi implementasi yang didasarkan pada komunikasi diantara sumber daya manusia yang terlibat dalam suatu organisasi. Perangkat sumber daya manusia adalah istilah yang digunakan untuk manusia yang berhubungan dengan sistem komputer. Manusia merupakan suatu elemen dari sistem komputer. Manusia adalah yang merancang bagaimana suatu mesin dapat bekerja sesuai dengan hasil yang diinginkannya. Atau perangkat sumber daya manusia adalah setiap orang yang terlibat dalam kegiatan pemanfaatan komputer/sistem pengolahan data.
Analytic reproducibility in articles receiving open data badges at the journal Psychological Science: An observational study
Authors: Hardwicke Tom Elis , Bohn Manuel , MacDonald Kyle Earl , Hembacher Emily , Nuijten Michele B. , Peloquin Ben , deMayo Benjamin , Long Bria , Yoon Erica J. , Frank Michael C.
Published: July 2020

For any scientific report, repeating the original analyses upon the original data should yield the original outcomes. We evaluated analytic reproducibility in 25 Psychological Science articles awarded open data badges between 2014-2015. Initially, 16 (64%, 95% confidence interval [43,81]) articles contained at least one “major numerical discrepancy” (>10% difference) prompting us to request input from original authors. Ultimately, target values were reproducible without author involvement for 9 (36% [20,59]) articles; reproducible with author involvement for 6 (24% [8,47]) articles; not fully reproducible with no substantive author response for 3 (12% [0,35]) articles; and not fully reproducible despite author involvement for 7 (28% [12,51]) articles. Overall, 37 major numerical discrepancies remained out of 789 checked values (5% [3,6]), but original conclusions did not appear affected. Non-reproducibility was primarily caused by unclear reporting of analytic procedures. These results highlight that open data alone is not sufficient to ensure analytic reproducibility.
Is it a painful error? The effect of unpredictability and intensity of punishment on the error-related negativity, and somatosensory evoked potentials
Authors: Willems Anne , Jelincic Valentina , Vlaeyen Johannes , von Leupoldt Andreas , Torta Diana
Published: July 2020

Recent findings showed that an unpredictable context increases the amplitude of the Error-Related Negativity (ERN), a cognitive Event-Related Potential (ERP) that appears after the commission of an error. Interestingly, this effect has only been studied using unpredictable, performance-unrelated stimuli. In many situations, however, it is the consequence of the error itself that is unpredictable. The present study examined how predictable and unpredictable punishment intensity contingent on error commission differentially modulated ERN amplitudes. Using high-density EEG, we recorded the ERN in 40 healthy volunteers while they performed an arrowhead version of the Eriksen flanker task under three conditions: Errors were either consistently punished with (1) predictable nonpainful, (2) predictable painful, or (3) unpredictable (50% painful/50% nonpainful) electrical stimulation. Furthermore, we examined whether individual differences in trait anxiety modulated the effect. Contrary to our predictions, ERN amplitudes did not differ across conditions, nor were there any differences between low and high anxiety groups. Nevertheless, the effects of predictability and intensity were present in Somatosensory Evoked Potentials (SEPs) elicited by the punishments. N1 amplitudes were increased for painful compared to nonpainful stimulation. P2 amplitudes were increased for painful compared to nonpainful, and for unpredictable compared to predictable stimulation, whereas the Late Positive Potential (LPP) was increased for unpredictable compared to predictable stimulation. Overall, these results demonstrate that unpredictability and increased painfulness of punishment (1) enhanced the potential motivational significance of the errors, but (2) did not potentiate ERN amplitudes beyond the ones elicited by errors punished with predictable nonpainful stimulation.
What influences people’s responses to public health messages for managing risks and preventing infectious diseases? A rapid systematic review of the evidence and recommendations
Authors: Ghio Daniela , Lawes-Wickwar Sadie , Tang Mei Yee , Epton Tracy , Howlett Neil , Jenkinson Elizabeth , Stanescu Sabina , Westbrook Juliette , Kassianos Angelos , Watson Daniella , Sutherland Lisa , Stanulewicz Natalia , Guest Ella , Scanlan Daniel , Carr Natalie , Chater Angel , Hotham Sarah , Thorneloe Rachael , Armitage Chris , Arden Madelynne , Hart Jo , Byrne-Davis Lucie , Keyworth Chris
Published: July 2020

Background Population level behaviour change, requiring individual behaviour change such as hand hygiene and physical distancing, are central to reducing transmission of infectious diseases, including COVID-19, but little is known about how best to communicate this type of risk reducing information, and how populations might respond. We conducted a rapid systematic review to identify and synthesise evidence relating to: a) What characterises effective public-health messages for managing risk and preventing infectious disease, and b) What influences people’s responses to public-health messages.Methods Rapid systematic review methodology was used. We included all study designs and grey literature. Non-English language papers were excluded. Ovid Medline, Ovid PsycINFO and Healthevidence.org were searched alongside PsyarXiv and OSF Preprints up to May 2020. A narrative synthesis was conducted.Findings We identified 70 eligible papers: 3 systematic reviews, 54 individual papers and 14 pre-prints. To influence behaviour effectively at the population level, public-health messages need to be acceptable, credible and trustworthy, to increase the public’s understanding and perceptions of the threat. Interpretation Key recommendations are to: engage communities in the development of public-health messaging, use credible and legitimate sources, address uncertainty immediately and with transparency, focus on unifying messages from all sources, and develop messages aimed at increasing understanding, induce social responsibility and empower personal control. Embedding these principles of behavioural science into public-health messaging is an important step towards more effective health-risk communication for managing risk, promoting protective behaviours and preventing disease during epidemics/pandemics.
Covid-19; Challenges and Opportunities In Nepal
Authors: Rimal Hem Sagar
Published: July 2020

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