bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CSAPSO-BPNN-Based Modeling of End Airbag Stiffness of Nursing Transfer Robot
Authors: Liu Teng , Li Xinlong , Qi Kaicheng , Zhang Zhong , Xiao Yunxuan , Guo Shijie
Published: March 2024

The use of nursing transfer robots is a vital solution to the problem of daily mobility difficulties for semi-disabilities. However, the fact that care-receivers have different physical characteristics leads to force concentration during human–robot interaction, which affects their comfort. To address this problem, this study installs an array of double wedge-shaped airbags onto the end-effector of a robot, and analyses airbag mechanical properties. Firstly, this study performed the mechanical testing and data collection of the airbag, including its external load and displacement, at various gas masses. Then, the performance of the Back Propagation (BP) neural network is improved using chaos (C) theory and simulated annealing particle swarm optimization (SAPSO), resulting in the establishment of the CSAPSO-BP neural network. By this method, a fitting model is developed to determine the mechanical parameters of the wedge-shaped airbag stiffness, and the fitting relation of external load–displacement is obtained. Data analyses show that the wedge-shaped airbag stiffness increases quadratically, linearly, and with a constant rate as the gas mass increases. The airbag stiffness regulation and model describe its three distinct phases with quadratic, linear, and linear invariant characteristics as the gas mass changes. These findings contribute to the structural optimization of airbags.
Defect Identification of XLPE Power Cable Using Harmonic Visualized Characteristics of Grounding Current
Authors: Wang Minxin , Liu Yong , Huang Youcong , Xin Yuepeng , Han Tao , Du Boxue
Published: March 2024

This paper proposes an online monitoring and defect identification method for XLPE power cables using harmonic visualization of grounding currents. Four typical defects, including thermal aging, water ingress and dampness, insulation scratch, and excessive bending, were experimentally conducted. The AC grounding currents of the cable specimens with different defects were measured during operation. By using the chaotic synchronization system, the harmonic distortion was transformed into a 2D scatter diagram with distinctive characteristics. The relationship between the defect type and the diagram features was obtained. A YOLOv5 (you only look once v5) target recognition model was then established based on the dynamic harmonics scatter diagrams for cable defect classification and identification. The results indicated that the overall shape, distribution range, density degree, and typical lines formed by scatter aggregation can reflect the defect type effectively. The proposed method greatly reduces the difficulty of data analysis and enables rapid defect identification of XLPE power cables, which is useful for improving the reliability of the power system.
Restoring Subtropical Forests: Alleviating P Limitation and Introducing C Limitation Using Evergreen Broad-Leaved Tree Species
Authors: Yang Yujing , Xia Wei , Fan Yixuan , Chong Yujie , Xiong Jiatai , Yu Wenjing
Published: March 2024

Determining which species to utilize for the artificial restoration of subtropical secondary forests has become a focal point in forestry and ecology. To compare the effects of the subtropical secondary forest artificial restoration model on soil microbial nutrient acquisition and limitation, we examined secondary forests (CKs), evergreen coniferous forests (GCPs), evergreen coniferous mixed broad-leaved forests (GCBMs), evergreen mixed broad-leaved forests (GBMs), and natural deciduous broad-leaved mixed forests (DBMs) as research subjects. Among them, GCPs, GCBMs, and GBMs were dominated by the species of the early, middle, and climax stages of subtropical forest succession, respectively. The activities and stoichiometry of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), and acid phosphatase (ACP) in the topsoil were analyzed. The results showed that the forest type significantly affects the activities of BG and LAP rather than NAG or ACP. The BG activity in DBMs was the lowest, while the LAP activity in CKs was significantly higher than that in plantations. Furthermore, the nutrient limitation of microbes was quantitatively analyzed by using the vector analysis of enzyme stoichiometry. The soil microbes in the study area were co-limited by C and P, and the nutrient limitation was in the order of C > P > N. Among the forests, the enzyme stoichiometric ratios in GCPs and DBMs were closest to 1:1:1. From CKs to GBMs, the microbial C limitation was increased, while the P limitation was decreased. The C limitation in DBMs was slightly lower than that in CKs. Overall, the P limitation in evergreen plantations was less than that in CKs. The soil bulk density, C/P, and N/P significantly influenced enzyme activities and stoichiometry. These results suggest that the artificial restoration of subtropical forests using evergreen species alleviated P limitation, while using deciduous broad-leaved species offered potential for alleviating microbial C limitation. Compared with evergreen broad-leaved species, employing pioneer and mid-successional or deciduous broad-leaved species can better achieve balanced microbial nutrient requirements.
In Situ Rainwater Harvesting System Slows Forest Decline through Increasing Soil Water Content, Fine-Root Traits, and Plant Hydraulic Conductivity
Authors: Ma Changkun , Yang Wanyu , Zhou Beibei , Wang Quanjiu , Shao Mingan
Published: March 2024

Large-scale vegetation restoration campaigns have been implemented on the Chinese Loess Plateau, which have resulted in higher soil moisture deficits in this region. This, in turn, has hampered the healthy growth of planted trees, leading to a decline and, in severe cases, mortality of trees. Therefore, the rational regulation and utilization of rainwater, the primary water source in this region, may alleviate drought stress, ensuring the sustainability of the ecosystem. In this study, we investigated the impact of in situ rainwater collection and infiltration systems (IRCISs) on soil water, fine-root distribution, xylem vascular, and hydraulic conductivity characteristics in declining Robinia pseudoacacia forests. The results demonstrated that the application of an IRCIS can effectively increase plant available moisture content (0–5.0 m) of declining Robinia pseudoacacia forests. In particular, IRCIS treatment significantly increased xylem conduit diameter and plant hydraulic conductivity while substantially reducing the percentage loss of hydraulic conductivity in both roots and branches. Furthermore, IRCIS treatment significantly reduced the root biomass and distribution depth of Robinia pseudoacacia during both wet and dry years. This implies that IRCISs are beneficial for plant growth and survival. The findings of this study are significant for devising strategic methodologies for the planning and management of rainwater resources.
Screening Traditional Foods for the Prevention of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88ac (F4ac) Attachment to IPEC-J2 Cells
Authors: Zhu Yanan , Shao Changyan , Martín-Orúe Susana María
Published: March 2024

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the major diarrhoea-causing pathogen world-wide. Fimbria–receptor recognition is the primary step when attachment of ETEC to the intestine occurs. This study aims to evaluate the potential of some traditional foods, particularly those rich in β-glucans, as analogues for fimbriae or receptors in reducing ETEC colonisation. The adhesion test (AT) demonstrated that aqueous extracts of highland barley (EHB), black rice (EBR) and little millet (ELT) at concentrations of 2% and 1% could attach to more ETEC K88ac (p < 0.001), as well as aqueous extracts of shiitake (EST) (p < 0.01). The competition test (CT) revealed that EHB and EST significantly prevented ETEC K88ac from adhering to intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-J2) at 2% (p < 0.01) and 1% (p < 0.05). In the Exclusion Test (ET) and the displacement test (DT), the food samples were unable to impair ETEC colonisation in terms of blocking receptors or removing attached pathogens. These results demonstrate how some traditional foods such as highland barley and shiitake contain bioactive compounds that interfere with the attachment of ETEC to the intestinal epithelium, and their potential in the prevention and treatment of ETEC diarrhoea.
Influence of Beef Hot Carcass Weight on Sensory Characteristics of Strip Loin, Eye of Round, and Denver Cut Steaks
Authors: Bakker Christina E. , Egolf Samantha R. , O’Sullivan Lydia M. , Cox Ryan B. , Rode-Atkins Heather R. , Blair Amanda D. , Underwood Keith R. , Grubbs J. Kyle
Published: March 2024

The objective of this research was to investigate the influence of beef hot carcass weight (HCW) on consumer sensory attributes. Beef carcasses (n = 116) were selected based on the USDA quality grade and HCW. Lightweight (LW; 296–341 kg), middleweight (MW; 386–432 kg), or heavyweight (HW; 466–524 kg) carcasses with USDA Choice (LC) or USDA Select (SEL) quality grades were used in this study. Carcasses were tracked through fabrication and the semitendinosus, chuck roll, and strip loin were collected and fabricated into eye of round, Denver cut, and strip loin steaks, respectively, for consumer sensory evaluation. USDA Select MW Denver cut steaks had increased overall liking and texture liking scores and were more tender and juicier than the SEL LW steaks (p ≤ 0.02). USDA Select MW strip loin steaks had increased overall and flavor liking scores and were more tender than the SEL LW steaks (p ≤ 0.02). USDA Choice MW eye of round steaks had increased overall, flavor, and texture liking scores and were juicier than the LW eye of round steaks (p ≤ 0.04). The steaks evaluated in this study were differentially impacted by HCW and little to no clear pattern of effects could be determined across cut or quality grade. Additional research is needed to determine the most acceptable HCW from a consumer perspective.
Identification of Characteristic Bioactive Compounds in Silkie Chickens, Their Effects on Meat Quality, and Their Gene Regulatory Network
Authors: Yang Xinting , Tang Chaohua , Ma Bowen , Zhao Qingyu , Jia Yaxiong , Meng Qingshi , Qin Yuchang , Zhang Junmin
Published: March 2024

Silkie chicken, an important chicken breed with high medicinal and nutritional value, has a long history of being used as a dietary supplement in China. However, the compounds with health-promoting effects in Silkie chickens remain unclear. In the present study, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of metabolic and lipidomic profiles to identify the characteristic bioactive compounds in Silkie chickens, using a common chicken breed as control. The results showed that the levels of 13 metabolites including estradiol, four lipid subclasses including cardiolipin (CL), eight lipid molecules, and three fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6) were significantly increased in Silkie chickens, which have physiological activities such as resisting chronic diseases and improving cognition. These characteristic bioactive compounds have effects on meat quality characteristics, including improving its water-holding capacity and umami taste and increasing the content of aromatic compounds and phenols. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the two chicken breeds revealed the regulatory network for these characteristic bioactive compounds. Fifteen DEGs, including HSD17B1, are involved in the synthesis of characteristic metabolites. Eleven DEGs, including ELOVL2, were involved in the synthesis and transport of characteristic lipids and fatty acids. In summary, we identified characteristic bioactive compounds in Silkie chickens, and analyzed their effects on meat quality characteristics. This study provided important insight into Silkie chicken meat as a functional food.
Mining Heat-Resistant Key Genes of Peony Based on Weighted Gene Co-Expression Network Analysis
Authors: Yang Xingyu , Huang Yu , Yao Yiping , Bu Wenxuan , Zhang Minhuan , Zheng Tangchun , Luo Xiaoning , Wang Zheng , Lei Weiqun , Tian Jianing , Chen Lujie , Qin Liping
Published: March 2024

The RNA-Seq and gene expression data of mature leaves under high temperature stress of Paeonia suffruticosa ‘Hu Hong’ were used to explore the key genes of heat tolerance of peony. The weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) method was used to construct the network, and the main modules and core genes of co-expression were screened according to the results of gene expression and module function enrichment analysis. According to the correlation of gene expression, the network was divided into 19 modules. By analyzing the expression patterns of each module gene, Blue, Salmon and Yellow were identified as the key modules of peony heat response related functions. GO and KEGG functional enrichment analysis was performed on the genes in the three modules and a network diagram was constructed. Based on this, two key genes PsWRKY53 (TRINITY_DN60998_c1_g2, TRINITY_DN71537_c0_g1) and PsHsfB2b (TRINITY_DN56794_c0_g1) were excavated, which may play a key role in the heat shock response of peony. The three co-expression modules and two key genes were helpful to further elucidate the heat resistance mechanism of P. suffruticosa ‘Hu Hong’.
ACTN3 XX Genotype Negatively Affects Running Performance and Increases Muscle Injury Incidence in LaLiga Football Players
Authors: Del Coso Juan , Rodas Gil , Soler-Aguinaga Aitor , López-Del Campo Roberto , Resta Ricardo , González-Rodenas Joaquín , Ferrandis Jordi , Moreno-Pérez Víctor
Published: March 2024

The aim of this study was to investigate the association of the ACTN3 rs1815739 polymorphism with match running performance and injury incidence in top-level professional football players. A total of 315 top-level professional football players from the first division of Spanish football (i.e., LaLiga) participated in this prospective and descriptive study. The ACTN3 rs1815739 genotype was identified for each player using genomic DNA samples. During LaLiga 2021–2022, players’ performance was obtained through a validated camera system in all official matches. Additionally, the incidence of non-contact injuries was obtained by each team’s medical staff according to the International Olympic Committee (IOC) statement. From the study sample, 116 (36.8%) players had the RR genotype, 156 (49.5%) had the RX genotype, and 43 (13.7%) had the XX genotype. The anthropometric characteristics of the players were similar across genotypes. However, the total running distance (p = 0.046), the distance at 21.0–23.9 km/h (p = 0.042), and the number of sprints (p = 0.042) were associated with the ACTN3 genotype. In all these variables, XX players had lower match performance values than RR players. Additionally, total and match injury incidences were higher in XX players than in RR players (p = 0.026 and 0.009, respectively). The rate of muscle injuries was also higher in XX players (p = 0.016). LaLiga football players with the ACTN3 XX genotype had lower match running performance and a higher incidence of non-contact injuries over the season.
Impact of Gap-Graded Soil Geometrical Characteristics on Soil Response to Suffusion
Authors: Dong Chen , Disfani Mahdi M.
Published: March 2024

The phenomenon of fine particle migration through the voids of the granule skeleton under the seepage force is called suffusion. Relative density, original fine particle content, and gap ratio are thought to play vital roles in the suffusion process. This paper investigates the effect of geometrical characteristics (i.e., original fine particle content, gap ratio, and relative density) on soil structure and mechanical performance (i.e., small strain shear modulus) using the bender element method technique. The small strain shear modulus (G0) is used as a mechanical parameter to evaluate the shear stress transmission of the soil structure along with the erosion process. The comparison between erosion percentage and vertical strain change suggests the alteration in soil fabric after soil erosion. The G0 monitoring results show that packings with a higher original fine particle content have a lower G0 value, whereas the gap ratio and relative density present a positive relationship with G0.
The Association of Job Stress, Quality of Sleep, and the Experience of Near-Miss Errors among Nurses in General Hospitals
Authors: Kwak Seong-Kyeong , Ahn Jin-Soo , Kim Yeon-Ha
Published: March 2024

This study investigated the association of job stress, quality of sleep, and near-miss error experiences among nurses working in general hospitals. A convenience sample of 195 nurses with over 3 months of work experience in a general hospital participated in the study. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS 27.0. Factors influencing experiences of near-miss errors were examined through univariable and multivariate logistic regression. In total, 58.5% of nurses in a general hospital had experienced near-miss errors. Nurses in the upper job stress tertile (≥118) were 2.24 times more likely to encounter near-miss errors (95% CI: 1.07–4.69) and particularly 2.58 times (95% CI: 1.26–5.26) in falls and medical equipment-related near-miss errors. Nurses working more than 3 h of overtime per week had a 2.72 times higher (95% CI: 1.35–5.48) likelihood of experiencing near-miss errors related to falls and medical equipment and 4.03 times higher (95% CI: 1.92–8.45) likelihood of experiencing near-miss errors associated with examination procedures. To prevent near-miss errors among nurses in general hospitals, effective management of organizational job stress is crucial. Particularly for departments with a high level of overtime work (more than 3 h/week), it is essential to provide and manage educational programs on patient safety.
High- or Low-Yielding F2 Progeny of Wheat Is Result of Specific TaCKX Gene Coexpression Patterns in Association with Grain Yield in Paternal Parent
Authors: Szala Karolina , Dmochowska-Boguta Marta , Bocian Joanna , Orczyk Wacław , Nadolska-Orczyk Anna
Published: March 2024

Members of the TaCKX gene family (GFM) encode oxidase/dehydrogenase cytokinin degrading enzymes (CKX), which play an important role in the homeostasis of phytohormones, affecting wheat development and productivity. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was to test how the expression patterns of the yield-related TaCKX genes and TaNAC2-5A (NAC2) measured in 7 days after pollination (DAP) spikes and the seedling roots of parents are inherited to apply this knowledge in the breeding process. The expression patterns of these genes were compared between parents and their F2 progeny in crosses of one mother with different paterns of awnless cultivars and reciprocal crosses of awned and awnless lines. We showed that most of the genes tested in the 7 DAP spikes and seedling roots of the F2 progeny showed paternal expression patterns in crosses of awnless cultivars as well as reciprocal crosses of awned and awnless lines. Consequently, the values of grain yield in the F2 progeny were similar to the pater; however, the values of seedling root mass were similar to the mother or both parents. The correlation analysis of TaCKX GFMs and NAC2 in spikes and spikes per seedling roots reveals that the genes correlate with each other specifically with the pater and the F2 progeny or the mother and the F2 progeny, which shape phenotypic traits. The numbers of spikes and semi-empty spikes are mainly correlated with the specific coexpression of the TaCKX and NAC2 genes expressed in spikes or spikes per roots of the pater and F2 progeny. Variable regression analysis of grain yield and root mass with TaCKX GFMs and NAC2 expressed in the tested tissues of five crosses revealed a significant dependency of these parameters on the mother and F2 and/or the pater and F2 progeny. We showed that the inheritance of yield-related traits depends on the specific cooperative expression of some TaCKX GFMs, in some crosses coupled with NAC2, and is strongly dependent on the genotypes used for the crosses. Indications for parental selection in the breeding of high-yielding lines are discussed.
Quantitative Shotgun Proteomic Analysis of Bacteria after Overexpression of Recombinant Spider Miniature Spidroin, MaSp1
Authors: Randene Kathryn , Mendoza J Alexander Hoang , Ysit Michael , Vierra Craig
Published: March 2024

Spider silk has extraordinary mechanical properties, displaying high tensile strength, elasticity, and toughness. Given the high performance of natural fibers, one of the long-term goals of the silk community is to manufacture large-scale synthetic spider silk. This process requires vast quantities of recombinant proteins for wet-spinning applications. Attempts to synthesize large amounts of native size recombinant spidroins in diverse cell types have been unsuccessful. In these studies, we design and express recombinant miniature black widow MaSp1 spidroins in bacteria that incorporate the N-terminal and C-terminal domain (NTD and CTD), along with varying numbers of codon-optimized internal block repeats. Following spidroin overexpression, we perform quantitative analysis of the bacterial proteome to identify proteins associated with spidroin synthesis. Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS) reveals a list of molecular targets that are differentially expressed after enforced mini-spidroin production. This list included proteins involved in energy management, proteostasis, translation, cell wall biosynthesis, and oxidative stress. Taken together, the purpose of this study was to identify genes within the genome of Escherichia coli for molecular targeting to overcome bottlenecks that throttle spidroin overexpression in microorganisms.
Design, Synthesis, Anti-Inflammatory Activity, DFT Modeling and Docking Study of New Ibuprofen Derivatives
Authors: Abbas Abbas M. , Nasrallah Hossam H. , Aboelmagd Ahmed , Kishk Safaa M. , Boyd W. Christopher , Kalil Haitham , Orabi Adel S.
Published: March 2024

A new ibuprofen derivative, (E)-2-(4-isobutylphenyl)-N′-(4-oxopentan-2-ylidene) propane hydrazide (IA), was synthesized, along with its metal complexes with Co, Cu, Ni, Gd, and Sm, to investigate their anti-inflammatory efficacy and COX-2 inhibition potential. Comprehensive characterization, including 1H NMR, MS, FTIR, UV–vis spectroscopy, and DFT analysis, were employed to determine the structural configurations, revealing unique motifs for Gd/Sm (capped square antiprismatic/tricapped trigonal prismatic) and Cu/Ni/Co (octahedral) complexes. Molecular docking with the COX-2 enzyme (PDB code: 5IKT) and pharmacokinetic assessments through SwissADME indicated that these compounds have superior binding energies and pharmacokinetic profiles, including BBB permeability and gastrointestinal absorption, compared to the traditional ibuprofen standalone. Their significantly lower IC50 values further suggest a higher efficacy as anti-inflammatory agents and COX-2 inhibitors. These research findings not only introduce promising ibuprofen derivatives for therapeutic applications but also set the stage for future validation and exploration of this new generation of ibuprofen compounds.
Fluorescent Vitamin B12–Platinum(II) Derivatives as Potential Metallotheranostic Agents for the Treatment and Imaging of Tumors
Authors: Mehder Rozan , de la Torre-Rubio Elena , de la Cueva-Alique Isabel , O’Malley Ciaran , Pérez-Redondo Adrián , Gude Lourdes , Royo Eva , Ronconi Luca
Published: March 2024

Vitamin B12 (cyanocobalamin) is an essential nutrient with very low bioavailability. Compared with normal cells, tumor cells show an increased demand for vitamin B12 to support their abnormal proliferation, which is a feature that can be exploited for the tumor-specific delivery of therapeutic and/or diagnostic agents by functionalizing vitamin B12 with suitable metallodrugs and/or luminescent probes. In this context, we report on the design of fluorescent vitamin B12–metal conjugates of the type [FLUO–B12–{M}] in which cyanocobalamin is functionalized at the 5′-site of the ribose unit with a fluorophore (FLUO: rhodamine 6G), whereas the Co(III)–cyano moiety is N-coordinated to a metal-based anticancer scaffold ({M}: Pt(II) substrate bearing enantiopure phenylamino-oxime ligands derived from R- or S-limonene). Two novel fluorescent cyanocobalamin–platinum(II) derivatives and their corresponding non-fluorescent counterparts were successfully generated and fully characterized, including the evaluation of their lipophilicity and luminescent properties. Although they exhibit low antiproliferative activity (IC50 = 40–70 μM), both fluorescent vitamin B12–platinum(II) conjugates showed an enhanced capability to inhibit cell viability compared with the inactive metal precursors and the non-fluorescent vitamin B12–platinum(II) analogues, confirming the beneficial effect of functionalization with the rhodamine 6G scaffold not only for imaging purposes but also with the aim of improving their biological activity.
Thrips Species Composition in Ontario Greenhouse Floriculture: Innovative Identification Tools and Implications for Integrated Pest Management
Authors: Jandricic Sarah Elizabeth , Summerfield Ashley , Maw H. Eric L. , Brunet Bryan M. T. , Buitenhuis Rosemarije
Published: March 2024

Proper species identification is the keystone of successful integrated pest management (IPM). However, efforts to identify thrips species in Canadian greenhouses have not been formally made since the 1980s. In response to recent increases in crop damage, we sampled thrips communities from eight commercial floriculture greenhouses in the Niagara region (Ontario, Canada) from May until August 2016. Selected sites were revisited in 2017, 2018, and 2019 to determine changes in species composition over time. Western flower thrips (Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande)), along with onion thrips (Thrips tabaci Lindeman), constituted the majority of species found. Other pest species (less than 8% of specimens across all sampling years) included poinsettia thrips (Echinothrips americanus Morgan), chrysanthemum thrips (Thrips nigropilosus Uzel), and Frankliniella fusca (Hinds). Further investigations of thrips outbreaks in Ontario from 2016 to 2023 revealed other important species, including Thrips parvispinus (Karny), Hercinothrips femoralis (Reuter), and Scirtothrips dorsalis Hood. The current biocontrol strategies used in Ontario floriculture crops for western flower thrips do not adequately control onion thrips or other thrips pests in ornamental crops, making identification a fundamental step in determining whether biocontrol or chemical control strategies should be implemented. However, traditional taxonomic keys are inaccessible to non-specialists due to their technical difficulty. Using the data gathered in these surveys, we developed a simplified, illustrated identification key for use by growers and IPM consultants.
Mortality Time-Trends of Different Cardiovascular Diseases in a Practically Extinct Cohort of Italian Middle-Aged Men Followed-Up for 61 Years: A Possible Etiological Explanation?
Authors: Puddu Paolo Emilio , Piras Paolo , Menotti Alessandro
Published: March 2024

Purpose. To study a male Italian cohort (initially aged 40–59, n = 1712) during 61 years and the natural history of major CVD mortality categories including coronary heart disease (CHD), stroke and other heart diseases of uncertain etiology (HDUE), including congestive heart failure) along with their risk factor relationships. Methods and Results. Cox models were run with 12 covariates as possible predictors measured at entry to the study. About 93% of all CVD deaths were covered by the three major groups selected here (N = 751): 37.4% of them were diagnosed as CHD, 30.6% as stroke and 28.5% as HDUE. CHD declined in the last 20 years of follow-up, while a sharp increase in HDUE mortality was seen. Baseline mean levels of serum cholesterol were 209.6, 204.2 and 198.0 mg/dL, respectively, for CHD, stroke and HDUE deaths: the multivariable coefficients of serum cholesterol were positive and significant for CHD (p < 0.0001), and stroke (p = 0.0203) and not significant for HDUE (p = 0.3467). In Fine–Gray models, the algebraic signs of cholesterol coefficients were opposite for CHD versus the other mortality categories (t = 3.13). The predictive performances of remaining risk factors were varied whereas that of Cox models was not very good, probably due to the attrition phenomenon and possible competing risks. Conclusion. Large differences in natural history and risk factors were found comparing the three CVD conditions, potentially indicating different etiologies and pointing to the need of not mixing them up in a grouped CVD category.
Ten Future Challenges in the Field of Transcatheter Mitral Valve Edge-to-Edge Repair
Authors: Orban Mathias , Weckbach Ludwig T. , Stocker Thomas J. , Doldi Philipp M. , Näbauer Michael , Massberg Steffen , Hausleiter Jörg , Stolz Lukas
Published: March 2024

Mitral valve transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (M-TEER) and replacement (TMVR) have evolved as guideline-recommended treatment approaches for mitral regurgitation (MR). Even though they are supported by a growing body of evidence from either randomized trials or large registries, there are still several unsolved challenges in the field of interventional MR treatment. In the present review, we discuss the ten most important open questions regarding M-TEER and TMVR.
Optical Three-Dimensional Imaging for Objective Evaluation of the Donor Site after Anterolateral Thigh Flap Surgery
Authors: Heitzer Marius , Winnand Philipp , Ooms Mark , Bock Anna , Katz Marie Sophie , Peters Florian , Kniha Kristian , Möhlhenrich Stephan Christian , Hölzle Frank , Modabber Ali
Published: March 2024

Background: The high volume of the fasciomyocutaneous anterolateral thigh flaps (ALT) is suitable for the reconstruction of pronounced soft tissue defects. At the same time, harvesting ALT results in a drastic change in thigh shape. Here, we present an optical three-dimensional imaging method for thigh comparison, which can be an objective and reproducible method for evaluating donor sites after ALT harvesting. Methods: In total, 128 thighs were scanned with an optical three-dimensional scanner, Vectra XT ®. Sixty-eight non-operated right and left thighs were compared and served as a control. Sixty thighs were scanned in the ALT group. The average surface area deviations, thigh volume, thigh circumference, and flap ratio to thigh circumference were calculated. The results were correlated with Δthigh circumference and Δvolume of the unoperated thighs of the control group. Results: No significant difference between the thigh volumes of the right and left thighs was found in the control group. Removal of an ALT flap showed a significant (p < 0.007) volume reduction compared to unoperated thighs (2.7 ± 0.8 L and 3.3 ± 0.9 L, respectively). Flap area correlated strongly with the Δthigh circumference (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and Δvolume (r = 0.68, p < 0.001). Strong correlations were observed between flap ratio and thigh circumference with Δhigh circumference (r = 0.57, p < 0.001) and Δvolume (r = 0.46, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Optical three-dimensional imaging provides an objective and reproducible tool for detecting changes in thigh morphology volume differences after ALT harvesting.
Telehealth in Informal Caregivers of Stroke Survivors: A Systematic Review
Authors: Zuil-Escobar Juan Carlos , Martín-Urrialde Jose Antonio , Mesa-Jiménez Juan Andrés , Palomo-Carrión Rocío , Martínez-Cepa Carmen Belén
Published: March 2024

Background: There has been an increase in people with disabilities who require continuous care, which often falls to informal carers (ICs). Stroke is one of the conditions where ICs are most needed. Therefore, it is necessary for ICs to improve their caregiving skills and self-care capacity. Telehealth (TH) can facilitate them. The aim of this systematic review is to summarize the evidence of the effects of interventions on ICs of stroke patients. Methods: The search was conducted in Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, CINALH, Psychology and Behavioral Sciences Collection, and APA PsycInfo. Key search terms included “stroke”, “informal caregiver” and “telemedicine”. Only randomised clinical trials were included. Results: A total of 2031 articles were found in the databases, 476 were screened and 19 clinical trials met the eligibility criteria. Different TH programmes have evaluated many outcomes related to physical and emotional health. The TH tools included phone, videophone, web-based interventions, and social media. The most investigated outcome was depression; although contradictory results were found, the TH may have helped to prevent an increase in depressive symptoms. There were inconsistent results on the caregiving burden and the preparedness of the IC. However, TH has positive effects on the health of the ICs, reducing the number of unhealthy days, anxiety, task difficulty perception, and improving psychological health. Conclusions: TH may be a useful tool to improve the abilities and health of ICs of SS. No adverse effects have been reported. More quality studies evaluating the effects of telemedicine on the ICs of stroke survivors, as well as the most appropriate doses, are needed.
Predicting the Length of Mechanical Ventilation in Acute Respiratory Disease Syndrome Using Machine Learning: The PIONEER Study
Authors: Villar Jesús , González-Martín Jesús M. , Fernández Cristina , Soler Juan A. , Ambrós Alfonso , Pita-García Lidia , Fernández Lorena , Ferrando Carlos , Arocas Blanca , González-Vaquero Myriam , Añón José M. , González-Higueras Elena , Parrilla Dácil , Vidal Anxela , Fernández M. Mar , Rodríguez-Suárez Pedro , Fernández Rosa L. , Gómez-Bentolila Estrella , Burns Karen E. A. , Szakmany Tamas , Steyerberg Ewout W. ,   the PredictION of Duration of mEchanical vEntilation in ARDS (PIONEER) Network
Published: March 2024

Background: The ability to predict a long duration of mechanical ventilation (MV) by clinicians is very limited. We assessed the value of machine learning (ML) for early prediction of the duration of MV > 14 days in patients with moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Methods: This is a development, testing, and external validation study using data from 1173 patients on MV ≥ 3 days with moderate-to-severe ARDS. We first developed and tested prediction models in 920 ARDS patients using relevant features captured at the time of moderate/severe ARDS diagnosis, at 24 h and 72 h after diagnosis with logistic regression, and Multilayer Perceptron, Support Vector Machine, and Random Forest ML techniques. For external validation, we used an independent cohort of 253 patients on MV ≥ 3 days with moderate/severe ARDS. Results: A total of 441 patients (48%) from the derivation cohort (n = 920) and 100 patients (40%) from the validation cohort (n = 253) were mechanically ventilated for >14 days [median 14 days (IQR 8–25) vs. 13 days (IQR 7–21), respectively]. The best early prediction model was obtained with data collected at 72 h after moderate/severe ARDS diagnosis. Multilayer Perceptron risk modeling identified major prognostic factors for the duration of MV > 14 days, including PaO2/FiO2, PaCO2, pH, and positive end-expiratory pressure. Predictions of the duration of MV > 14 days showed modest discrimination [AUC 0.71 (95%CI 0.65–0.76)]. Conclusions: Prolonged MV duration in moderate/severe ARDS patients remains difficult to predict early even with ML techniques such as Multilayer Perceptron and using data at 72 h of diagnosis. More research is needed to identify markers for predicting the length of MV. This study was registered on 14 August 2023 at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT NCT05993377).
Does Double Mean Trouble? Coexistence of Myeloproliferative and Lymphoproliferative Neoplasms
Authors: Lekovic Danijela , Ivanovic Jelena , Terzic Tatjana , Perunicic Jovanovic Maja , Dencic Fekete Marija , Jovanovic Jelica , Arsenovic Isidora , Vukovic Vojin , Bila Jelena , Bogdanovic Andrija , Antic Darko
Published: March 2024

Background: The occurrence of myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) that evolve into each other is well-described, as is this occurrence of lymphoproliferative neoplasms (LPNs). However, less is known about rare MPN/LPN coexistence, and the aim of our study was to analyze charachteristics of these patients after long term follow-up. Methods: Fourteen patients with MPN/LPN coexistence were diagnosed and treated according to guidelines at a single university center across two decades. Results: The overall median age was 53 years (22–69). MPNs patients with subsequent LPNs had a shorter period of second malignancy development and a more aggressive course of LPN, which can cause fatal outcomes. Polycythemia vera and chronic lymphocytic leukemia were most commonly associated (36%). The JAK2V617F mutation had 2/3 and cytogenetic abnormalities occurred in 1/3 of patients. MPN/LPN coexistence cases had significantly higher thrombotic potential (42.8%) and a higher third malignancy accruement frequency (21.4%) versus those without such malignancies. Conclusions: Considering the younger ages at MPN diagnosis, it is recommended to check regularly for blood lymphocytosis or lymphadenopathy occurrences and organomegaly progression faster than expected for MPN, with the aim of timely LPN diagnoses. The presence of molecular-cytogenetic abnormalities in a majority of patients indicate possible genetic instability and increased risk of development of multiple neoplasms, thus elevating thrombotic risk.
Recalled Maternal Rearing Behaviour of Individuals Born Preterm and Their Mothers: The Impact of Intimate Mother–Child Contact
Authors: Otten Daniëlle , Ernst Mareike , Schuster Alexander K. , Tesarz Jonas , Gißler Sandra , Mildenberger Eva , Pfeiffer Norbert , Beutel Manfred E. , Fieß Achim
Published: March 2024

Background: Preterm birth is a risk factor for a variety of detrimental health outcomes. Previous studies have identified recalled (or remembered) parental rearing behaviour as a potential modifier of preterm individuals’ mental health in adulthood. However, no investigations to date have contrasted the parents’ and children’s views, explored whether their congruence is associated with preterm individuals’ mental health, or tested associations with maternal self-reported first skin-on-skin contact. Methods: This cohort study involved 199 participants of the Gutenberg Prematurity Eye Study (GPES), with prospective clinical examination and psychological assessment data available for individuals born preterm and term and their mothers’ perspective on recalled parental rearing behaviour. Participants also completed the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: There were substantial similarities between reported recalled maternal rearing behaviour of individuals born preterm and at term and their mothers, with individuals born preterm with lower gestational age (age of the pregnancy from the woman’s last menstrual period) recalling mothers as comparatively more controlling and overprotective. Incongruence in recalled rejection/punishment was associated with more depressive symptoms. Late first skin-to-skin contact was related to more recalled maternal rejection/punishment, less emotional warmth, and more control/overprotection. Conclusions: this study expands the knowledge about the interrelations of preterm birth, maternal rearing behaviour, and mental health, underscoring the relevance of first relationship experiences, including close intimate contact.
Photogrammetric Investigation of Storm-Induced Erosion Process on Sandy Beach Profile in Medium-Scale Flume
Authors: Wang Jun , Yang Bo , Liang Bingchen , You Zai-Jin , Wang Zhenlu , Wang Zhaowei
Published: March 2024

In this study, laboratory experiments were conducted to investigate the influence of changes in storm wave height and water level on beach response in a medium-scale wave flume. A schematic storm was simulated (rising, apex, and waning phases). A non-intrusive photogrammetric method was used to collect high-resolution and synchronous data regarding the free surface water elevation and bed level, from which shoreline location, sandbar position, cross-shore sediment transport rates, and nonlinear wave parameters were derived. The cross-shore sediment transport was in agreement with previous laboratory measurements, including the monotonous exchange from foreshore erosion to shoaling zone accretion in most stages of the storm simulation. The surf zone was the main region supplying sediment for beach morphology modification and sandbar generation. The degree of storm erosion was not completely determined by the largest wave height and water level or the cumulative wave power of the apex phase. The largest gradients of the wave parameter sequence change occurred in the rising phase, and this was the main factor generating efficient beachface erosion. It induced an increase in sandbar size, accompanied by the cross-shore motion of maximum velocity amplitude, more violent disturbances of wave nonlinearity, and increased surf zone erosion, with these factors increasing beach instability and leading to more severe storm erosion. The large wave height and water level resulted in shoreline retreat, with a more significant swash zone erosion under a higher runup. The offshore sediment transport turned toward the onshore direction as the original large sandbar deteriorated under the decreasing wave parameter sequence in the waning phase.
Genetic Diversity and Reproduction Trends of Phytophthora infestans in Estonia: EU_41_A2 Detected without an Indication of Clonal Reproduction
Authors: Puidet Britt , Koppel Mati , Kiiker Riinu
Published: March 2024

This study explores the population dynamics of Phytophthora infestans in Estonia from 2005 to 2022, focusing on genetic diversity and potential shifts in reproductive strategies. In total, 153 P. infestans isolates were collected throughout Estonia over ten growing seasons. Genotyping revealed considerable genetic diversity, with most isolates not corresponding to known multilocus genotypes (MLGs). Still, instances of invasive clonal lineages were observed, notably EU_41_A2. The data indicate the likelihood of random mating rather than clonal reproduction in all the analyzed years. The principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) results revealed no distinct clustering among the sampling years. Statistical analysis and the minimum spanning network (MSN) indicated low genetic differentiation between years with minimal fluctuations in allele frequencies. The continuous monitoring of P. infestans populations is essential for detecting any changes from the current evolutionary trajectory and implement effective disease management strategies, especially considering the recent emergence of EU_41_A2 in the Nordics and the potential impacts of climate change.
Cell Immortality: In Vitro Effective Techniques to Achieve and Investigate Its Applications and Challenges
Authors: Chalak Mahla , Hesaraki Mahdi , Mirbahari Seyedeh Nasim , Yeganeh Meghdad , Abdi Shaghayegh , Rajabi Sarah , Hemmatzadeh Farhid
Published: March 2024

Cells are very important to researchers due to their use in various biological studies in in vitro and in vivo settings. This importance stems from the short lifespan of most cells under laboratory conditions, which can pose significant challenges, such as the difficulties associated with extraction from the source tissue, ethical concerns about separating cells from human or animal models, limited cell passage ability, and variation in results due to differences in the source of the obtained cells, among other issues. In general, cells in laboratory conditions can divide into a limited number, known as the Hayflick limit, due to telomere erosion at the end of each cellular cycle. Given this problem, researchers require cell lines that do not enter the senescence phase after a limited number of divisions. This can allow for more stable studies over time, prevent the laborious work associated with cell separation and repeated cultivation, and save time and money in research projects. The aim of this review is to summarize the function and effect of immortalization techniques, various methods, their advantages and disadvantages, and ultimately the application of immortalization and cell line production in various research fields.
Mechanical Properties of a Structural Component Processed in High-Pressure Die Casting (HPDC) with a Non-Heat-Treated Aluminum Alloy
Authors: Cantú-Fernández David Servando , Taha-Tijerina José Jaime , González Alejandro , Hernández Pablo Guajardo , Quinn Brian
Published: March 2024

This industrial research focuses on the implementation and development of a productive process for an automotive structural component (Shock tower) manufactured by a high-pressure die casting (HPDC) process made of aluminum alloy AuralTM-5. This aluminum alloy has been considered in diverse automotive and aerospace components that do not require heat treatment due to its mechanical properties as cast material (F temper). On the other hand, AuralTM-5 has been designed for processing as HPDC because it is an alloy with good fluidity, making it ideal for large castings with thin-wall thicknesses, like safety structural components such as rails, supports, rocker panels, suspension crossmembers, and shock towers. The mechanical properties that were evaluated for the evaluated components were yield strength, ultimate tensile strength, and elongation. Eight samples were taken from different areas of each produced shock tower for evaluating and verifying the homogeneity of each casting. The samples were evaluated from the first hours after they were manufactured by casting until eight weeks after being produced. This was performed to understand the behavior of the alloy during its natural aging process. Two groups of samples were obtained. One set of components was heat-treated by a water quench process after the castings’ extraction and the other set of components was not quenched. Results demonstrated that both sets of components, quenched and not quenched, achieved the expected values for the AuralTM-5 of yield strength ≥ 110 MPa, ultimate tensile strength ≥ 240 MPa, and elongation ≥ 8%. Additionally, this is very important for industry since by not treating the structural components by quenching, there are savings in terms of infrastructure and energy consumption, together with benefits in the environmental aspect by avoiding CO2 emissions and being sustainable.