bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Forimtamig, a novel GPRC5D-targeting T-cell bispecific antibody with a 2+1 format, for the treatment of multiple myeloma
Authors: Eckmann Jan , Fauti Tanja , Biehl Marlene , Zabaleta Aintzane , Blanco Laura , Lelios Iva , Gottwald Stefan , Rae Richard , Lechner Stefanie , Bayer Christa , Dekempe Quincy , Osl Franz , Carrié Nadege , Kassem Sahar , Lorenz Stefan , Christopeit Tony , Carpy Alejandro , Bujotzek Alexander , Bröske Ann-Marie , Dekhtiarenko Iryna , Attig Jan , Kunz Leo , Cremasco Floriana , Adelfio Roberto , Fertig Georg , Dengl Stefan , Gassner Christian , Bormann Felix , Kirstenpfad Claudia , Kraft Thomas , Diggelmann Sarah , Knobloch Melanie , Hage Carina , Feddersen Romi , Heidkamp Gordon , Pöschinger Thomas , Mayoux Maud , Bernasconi Luise , Prosper Felipe , Dumontet Charles , Martinet Ludovic , Leclair Stéphane , Xu Wei , Paiva Bruno , Klein Christian , Umaña Pablo
Published: October 2024

Despite several approved therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease with high unmet medical need. “Off-the-shelf” T-cell bispecific antibodies (TCBs) targeting B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) and G protein–coupled receptor class C group 5 member D (GPRC5D) have demonstrated high objective response rates in heavily pretreated patients with MM; however, primary resistance, short duration of response, and relapse driven by antigen shift frequently occur. Although GPRC5D represents the most selective target in MM, recent findings indicate antigen loss occurs more frequently than with BCMA. Thus, anti-GPRC5D immunotherapies must hit hard during a short period of time. Here, we characterize forimtamig, a novel GPRC5D-targeting TCB with 2+1 format. Bivalent binding of forimtamig to GPRC5D confers higher affinity than classical 1+1 TCB formats correlating with formation of more stable immunological synapses and higher potency in tumor cell killing and T-cell activation. Using an orthotopic mouse model of MM, forimtamig recruited T effector cells to the bone marrow and induced rapid tumor killing even after the introduction of step-up dosing to mitigate cytokine release. Combination of forimtamig with standard-of-care agents including anti-CD38 antibodies, immunomodulatory drugs, and proteasome inhibitors improved depth and duration of response. The combination of forimtamig with novel therapeutic agents including BCMA TCB and cereblon E3 ligase modulatory drugs was potent and prevented occurrence of GPRC5D -negative tumor relapse. Forimtamig is currently being evaluated in phase 1 clinical trials in patients with relapsed and refractory MM for monotherapy and in combination treatments. This trial was registered at www.ClinicalTrials.gov as #NCT04557150.
The ageing of people living with cystic fibrosis: what to expect now?
Authors: Felipe Montiel Almudena , Fernández Antonio Álvarez , Amigo Mario Culebras , Traversi Letizia , Clofent Alarcón David , Reyes Karina Loor , Polverino Eva
Published: October 2024

The prognosis of people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF) has improved dramatically with the introduction of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulators (CFTRm). The ageing of the cystic fibrosis (CF) population is changing the disease landscape with the emergence of different needs and increasing comorbidities related to both age and long-term exposure to multiple treatments including CFTRm. Although the number of pwCF eligible for this treatment is expected to increase, major disparities in care and outcomes still exist in this population. Moreover, the long-term impact of the use of CFTRm is still partly unknown due to the current short follow-up and experience with their use, thus generating some uncertainties. The future spread and initiation of these drugs at an earlier stage of the disease is expected to reduce the systemic burden of systemic inflammation and its consequences on health. However, the prolonged life expectancy is accompanied by an increasing burden of age-related comorbidities, especially in the context of chronic disease. The clinical manifestations of the comorbidities directly or indirectly associated with CFTR dysfunction are changing, along with the disease dynamics and outcomes. Current protocols used to monitor slow disease progression will need continuous updates, including the composition of the multidisciplinary team for CF care, with a greater focus on the needs of the adult population.
Endometriosis development in relation to hypoxia: a murine model study
Authors: Hoffmann-Młodzianowska Marta , Maksym Radosław B. , Pucia Katarzyna , Kuciak Monika , Mackiewicz Andrzej , Kieda Claudine
Published: October 2024

Background

Endometriosis, due to its ambiguous symptoms, still remains one of the most difficult female diseases to treat, with an average diagnosis time of 7–9 years. The changing level of hypoxia plays an important role in a healthy endometrium during menstruation and an elevated expression of the hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF-1α) has been demonstrated in ectopic endometria. HIF-1α mediates the induction of proangiogenic factors and the development of angiogenesis is a critical step in the establishment and pathogenesis of endometriosis. Although the inhibition of angiogenesis has been proposed as one of the actionable therapeutic modalities, vascular normalization and re-oxygenation may become a possible new approach for therapeutic intervention.

Methods

Our goal was to investigate whether a selected murine model of endometriosis would be suitable for future studies on new methods for treating endometriosis. Non-invasive, high-resolution ultrasound-monitored observation was selected as the preclinical approach to obtain imaging of the presence and volume of the endometriotic-like lesions. The EF5 (2-(2-Nitro-1H-imidazol-1-yl)-N-(2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl)acetamide) compound that selectively binds to reduced proteins in hypoxic cells was used for hypoxia detection. The expression of Pten and other crucial genes linking endometriosis and hypoxia were also assessed.

Results

Using EF5, a pentafluorinated derivative of the 2-nitroimidazole that is metabolically reduced by oxygen-inhibitable nitroreductase, we confirmed that hypoxia did develop in the selected model and was detected in uterine and ectopic endometriotic lesions. Moreover, the changes in oxygen tension also influenced the expression level of significant genes related to endometriosis, like Pten, Trp53, Hif1a, Epas1, and Vegfa. Their strong modulation evidenced here is indicative of model reliability. Using high-resolution ultrasound-based imaging, we present a non-invasive method of visualization that enables the detection and observation of lesion evolution throughout the duration of the experiment, which is fundamental for further preclinical studies and treatment evaluation.

Conclusions

The selected model and method of visualization appear to be suitable for the study of new treatment strategies based on hypoxia alleviation and blood flow restoration.
Chemokine CXCL13–CXCR5 signaling in neuroinflammation and pathogenesis of chronic pain and neurological diseases
Authors: Zheng Kaige , Chen Muyan , Xu Xingjianyuan , Li Peiyi , Yin Chengyu , Wang Jie , Liu Boyi
Published: October 2024

Chronic pain dramatically affects life qualities of the sufferers. It has posed a heavy burden to both patients and the health care system. However, the current treatments for chronic pain are usually insufficient and cause many unwanted side effects. Chemokine C–X–C motif ligand 13 (CXCL13), formerly recognized as a B cell chemokine, binds with the cognate receptor CXCR5, a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), to participate in immune cell recruitments and immune modulations. Recent studies further demonstrated that CXCL13–CXCR5 signaling is implicated in chronic pain via promoting neuroimmune interaction and neuroinflammation in the sensory system. In addition, some latest work also pointed out the involvement of CXCL13–CXCR5 in the pathogenesis of certain neurological diseases, including ischemic stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Therefore, we aim to outline the recent findings in regard to the involvement of CXCL13–CXCR5 signaling in chronic pain as well as certain neurological diseases, with the focus on how this chemokine signaling contributes to the pathogenesis of these neurological diseases via regulating neuroimmune interaction and neuroinflammation. Strategies that can specifically target CXCL13–CXCR5 signaling in distinct locations may provide new therapeutic options for these neurological diseases.
Joint effects of depression and social determinants of health on mortality risk among U.S. adults: a cohort study
Authors: Wang Zun , Pu Boxuan
Published: October 2024

Background

Unfavorable social determinants of health (SDoH) are associated with depression. Both depression and SDoH are associated with increased risks of mortality, but their joint impacts on mortality risks remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the joint effects of depression and SDoH on mortality risk.

Methods

Utilizing data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007–2018, 24,727 adults aged ≥ 20 were included. SDoH was assessed based on the 5 domains outlined in the U.S. Healthy People 2030 initiative. The cumulative number of unfavorable SDoH was calculated and categorized into low and high burden levels. The definition of depression was based on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scores ≥ 10. The joint associations of depression and SDoH with all-cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer mortality were examined using Cox proportional hazard models.

Results

We identified 2,377 (6.84%) all-cause deaths (CVD, 717; cancer, 606) during a median follow-up of 7.0 years. Depression was associated with increased mortality risks, and SDoH could explain 32.4% and 28.3% of the associations between depression and all-cause and CVD mortality, respectively. No significant interactions were observed between depression and SDoH on mortality. However, a low burden of unfavorable SDoH reduced the risk of all-cause mortality in depressed patients (hazard ratio [HR], 0.58; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.36–0.92). In the joint analysis, individuals with both depression and a high burden of unfavorable SDoH had the highest risks of all-cause and CVD mortality. Specifically, compared with individuals with no depression and a low burden of unfavorable SDoH, those with depression and a high burden of unfavorable SDoH had higher risks of all-cause (HR, 2.52; 95% CI: 2.01–3.18) and CVD mortality (HR, 2.79; 95% CI: 1.95–3.99).

Conclusion

Adults with both depression and a high burden of unfavorable SDoH had the highest risks of all-cause mortality and CVD mortality. The result suggests considering depression and SDoH jointly in developing targeted intervention strategies to improve survival outcomes and calls for larger cohort studies and clinical trials to validate our findings.
Enhancing core components for a digital “healthy eating” resource in early childhood and care settings: staff’s perceptions and needs
Authors: Helland Sissel H. , Bjørkkjaer Tormod , Vejrup Kristine , Øverby Nina C.
Published: October 2024

Background

In response to the growing need for effective programmes to promote healthy eating habits among children in real-world settings, we conducted a qualitative study. Our aim was to explore the content-related needs of early childhood education and care (ECEC) staff regarding the core components of an upcoming digital “healthy eating” resource. This resource, designed for real-world implementation through the Nutrition Now project, seeks to enhance children’s nutrition and health within ECEC settings.

Methods

Twelve individual semi-structured interviews with ECEC staff in a Norwegian municipality were conducted. Subsequently, we conducted two focus group discussions, involving five participants, to encourage reflection on the preliminary findings from the individual interviews. Qualitative thematic analysis was conducted using Nvivo software. Data from the interviews and focus groups were transcribed verbatim and analysed thematically to identify and summarise staff’s subjective experiences and reasoning.

Results

Six themes were identified for the development of the upcoming digital “healthy eating” resource: (1) A comprehensive recipe bank, and menu suggestions, (2) Tips for easy and quick cooking, simple hygiene and allergy management, (3) Age-appropriate food learning ideas, (4) Strategies for mealtime learning and engagement, (5) Alignment with the national ECEC curriculum, and (6) Parent-friendly access and content.

Conclusions

This research provides valuable guidance and informs the adaptation of an expert-led digital “healthy eating” intervention to better suit ECEC staff and the ECEC context, consequently enhancing its feasibility and effectiveness.

Trial registration

This study was not registered in a trial registry as it is not a clinical trial or intervention study but serves as a pilot for the Nutrition Now study, trial identifier ISRCTN10694967 (https//doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN10694967), registration date 19/06/2022.
Fusarium verticillioides pigment: production, response surface optimization, gamma irradiation and encapsulation studies
Authors: Mwaheb Mai Ali , Hasanien Yasmeen A. , Zaki Amira G. , Abdel-Razek Alaa S. , Al Halim Laila R. Abd
Published: October 2024

Background

Natural pigments are becoming more significant because of the rising cost of raw materials, pollution, and the complexity of synthetic pigments. Compared to synthetic pigments, natural pigments exhibit antimicrobial properties and is less allergic. Pigments from microbial sources could easily be obtained in an inexpensive culture media, produced in high yields, and microbes are capable of producing different colored pigments. Searching for new sources for natural pigments to replace synthetic ones in food applications has become an urgent necessity, but the instability of these compounds is sometimes considered one of the obstacles that reduce their application. Encapsulation provides an ideal solution for natural dye protection through a controlled release strategy. Thus, this study aims at isolation of several soil fungi and subsequent screening their pigment production ability. The chosen pigment-producing fungal strain underwent full identification. The produced pigment was extracted with ethyl acetate and estimated spectrophotometrically. As there is a necessity to obtain a high pigment yield for efficient industrial application, the best production medium was tested, optimum conditions for maximum dye production were also investigated through the response surface methodology, and gamma irradiation was also employed to enhance the fungal productivity. Encapsulation of the produced pigment into chitosan microsphere was tested. The pigment release under different pH conditions was also investigated.

Results

A new strain, Fusarium verticillioides AUMC 15934 was chosen and identified for a violet pigment production process. Out of four different media studied, the tested strain grew well on potato dextrose broth medium. Optimum conditions are initial medium pH 8, 25 °C-incubation temperature, and for 15-day incubation period under shaking state. Moreover, a 400 Gy irradiation dose enhanced the pigment production. Chitosan microsphere loaded by the pigment was successfully prepared and characterized by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Conclusion

This irradiated Fusarium strain provides a more economically favorable source for production of a natural violet dye with an optimum productivity, enhanced yield, and improved properties (such as, enhanced stability, controlled release, and bioaccessibility) by encapsulation with chitosan for efficient application in food industry.
Effect of soft tissue thickness on accuracy of conventional and digital implant impression techniques
Authors: Awad Eman Mostafa , ElSheikh Mohamed Maamoun , El-Segai Azza Abd el moneim
Published: October 2024

Background

Placing implants deep sub-gingivally may affect the accuracy of implant impression techniques and the fit of final restoration.

Purpose

The aim of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the effect of soft tissue thickness on accuracy of conventional and digital implant impression techniques.

Methods

Four parallel implant analogues (A, B, C, D) placed in each of two epoxy resin models representing edentulous mandible covered by flexible polyurethane material with two different thickness two mm and four mm. A total of sixty impressions performed, thirty impressions for each model divided into four groups (n = 15 per group) GI (C2mm) open tray impression with two mm implant depth, GII (C4mm) open tray impression with four mm implant depth, GIII (D2mm) digital impression with two mm implant depth, GIV (D 4 mm) digital impression with four mm implant depth. Impressions from open tray technique were poured to get stone casts while impressions from digital scanning technique were printed as three-dimensional printed casts. The six inter-implant distances between analogues were measured using Co-ordinate measuring machine, deviations compared to reference models were calculated. Data was collected, tabulated and statistically analyzed using One-way ANOVA test to detect significances between groups.

Results

For conventional impressions there was significant difference between C2mm/C4mm (P < 0.001) regarding interimplant distance, while in digital impressions there was no significant difference between D2mm/D4mm AB(p = 0.110), BC(p = 0.066), CD(p = 0.710), AD(p = 0.084), AC(p = 0.067) and BD(p = 0.072). There was significant difference between conventional and digital impression techniques C2mm/D2mm, C4mm/D4mm (P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Within the limitations of this in-vitro study digital impressions provide more accurate outcomes with implants placed deeper subgingivally than conventional impressions.

Trial registration

Retrospectively registered.
Enhancement of early proximal caries annotations in radiographs: introducing the Diagnostic Insights for Radiographic Early-caries with micro-CT (ACTA-DIRECT) dataset
Authors: Valenzuela Ricardo E. Gonzalez , Mettes Pascal , Loos Bruno G. , Marquering Henk , Berkhout Erwin
Published: October 2024

Background

Proximal caries datasets for training artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms commonly include clinician-annotated radiographs. These conventional annotations are susceptible to observer variability, and early caries may be missed. Micro-computed tomography (CT), while not feasible in clinical applications, offers a more accurate imaging modality to support the creation of a reference-standard dataset for caries annotations. Herein, we present the Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam—Diagnostic Insights for Radiographic Early-caries with micro-CT (ACTA-DIRECT) dataset, which is the first dataset pairing dental radiographs and micro-CT scans to enable higher-quality annotations.

Methods

The ACTA-DIRECT dataset encompasses 179 paired micro-CT scans and radiographs of early proximal carious teeth, along with three types of annotations: conventional annotations on radiographs, micro-CT-assisted annotations on radiographs, and micro-CT annotations (reference standard). Three dentists independently annotated proximal caries on radiographs, both with and without micro-CT assistance, enabling determinations of interobserver agreement and diagnostic accuracy. To establish a reference standard, one dental radiologist annotated all caries on the related micro-CT scans.

Results

Micro-CT support improved interobserver agreement (Cohen’s Kappa), averaging 0.64 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.59–0.68) versus 0.46 (95% CI: 0.44–0.48) in its absence. Likewise, average sensitivity and specificity increased from 42% (95% CI: 34–51%) to 63% (95% CI: 54–71%) and from 92% (95% CI: 88–95%) to 95% (95% CI: 92–97%), respectively.

Conclusion

The ACTA-DIRECT dataset offers high-quality images and annotations to support AI-based early caries diagnostics for training and validation. This study underscores the benefits of incorporating micro-CT scans in lesion assessments, providing enhanced precision and reliability.

Graphical Abstract
Collaborative work processes in establishing a MiniMaria treatment center for youth substance addiction: a qualitative inquiry of county council healthcare and municipal efforts
Authors: Lindberg Maria , Kihlström Jofen , Hylander Irene , Salzmann-Erikson Martin
Published: October 2024

Background

This article is part of a larger study exploring the collaborative dynamics between key stakeholders in providing care to youths suffering from alcohol or substance use and their families in formulating policies and operational practices for county and country-wide application in similar settings. The focus of this article is to describe the collaborative processes between two stakeholders, a municipality, and a county council, in establishing a MiniMaria treatment center. While collaborative efforts between municipalities and county councils in health service provision are often acknowledged, little is known about how communication and decision-making processes between these entities shape the success of such initiatives. This study aims to fill this gap by providing insights into the communicative processes that foster organizational cohesion, agility, and innovation. The guiding research question is: What communicative processes occur between the county council and municipal stakeholders during the planning phase of the MiniMaria treatment center?

Methods

The municipality and county council were selected based on purposive sampling, owing to the proximity and accessibility of the field. An exploratory and descriptive design, incorporating a participatory research approach, was employed for this qualitative investigation.

Results

Two central themes, each underpinned by specific subthemes sum up the essence of our findings. The first theme underscores the collaborative dynamics and shared objectives that have emerged through the project, thus showing the importance of a unified vision and mutual understanding in driving the initiative forward. The second theme points to the practical aspects of implementing the project, including recruitment strategies, and the significance of interpersonal communication.

Conclusions

This article sheds light on the establishment of a MiniMaria treatment center through collaboration between a municipality and county council, using the Four Flows Model to interpret communicative processes. Membership negotiation was crucial for defining roles and building a unified team identity, while activity coordination ensured aligned stakeholder efforts. Self-structuring facilitated internal organization and operational clarity, and institutional positioning aligned the initiative with broader healthcare norms, enhancing its credibility and impact. These communicative practices were central to get a grip on inter-organizational complexities, emphasizing communication’s constitutive role in organizational development and innovation.
Treatment ineffectiveness towards Haemonchus contortus is highly prevalent in sheep and goat farms of North-Eastern Italy
Authors: Maurizio Anna , Dotto Giorgia , Fasoli Antonia , Gaio Francesco , Petratti Sara , Pertile Alice , Tessarin Cinzia , Marchiori Erica , Dellamaria Debora , Vadlejch Jaroslav , Cassini Rudi
Published: October 2024

Background

Anthelmintic resistance (AR) is a global threat to grazing livestock farming. In Italy, anthelmintic efficacy remains high compared to other European countries, but many parts of the country haven’t been investigated yet. Local veterinary practitioners from Trentino and Veneto regions reported suspected inefficacy towards anthelmintic drugs in some of their farms, prompting a study on AR in sheep and goat farms of northern Italy. The study aimed to assess anthelmintic effectiveness using genus-specific faecal egg count reduction tests (FECRT), to detect differences in treatment response among nematode genera involved in the infection.

Results

Twelve farms (6 sheep and 6 goat farms) were included based on clinical suspicion of AR. Treatments were carried out with either benzimidazoles (BZ) or macrocyclic lactones (ML) Treatment was effective in 3/6 goat trials, with reduced effectiveness to BZ in two farms and to ML the last one. In sheep farms (6/6), effectiveness was consistently and more severely insufficient. Ineffectiveness was particularly high towards Haemonchus contortus, while Oesophagostomum/Chabertia maintained susceptibility in nearly all trials. Trichostrongylus/Teladorsagia exhibited intermediate results.

Conclusions

This study reveals diminished efficacy of both BZ and ML in small ruminant farms in north-eastern Italy, an area previously lacking data on the topic, except for goats in South Tyrol. Variability in treatment responses among nematode genera support suspicions of AR, and further concerns are raised by the prevalence of treatment ineffectiveness against the highly pathogenic Haemonchus contortus. This finding underscores the urgent need for comprehensive AR monitoring in the area and improved management practices to prevent further resistance development and protect livestock health.
Clinical evaluation of serum miR-513a-3p combined with arterial blood gas analysis parameters and lung ultrasound score in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Authors: Du Tingting , Lei Hui , Dong Jian , Wang Ye , Li Jun
Published: October 2024

Background

Neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS) is harmful to neonates and the prognosis is variable, ranging from mild to severe forms. This study aims to evaluate the clinical utility of miR-513a-3p in conjunction with arterial blood gas analysis parameters and lung ultrasound (LUS) score in the context of NRDS.

Methods

The study included 169 preterm infants, including 106 newborns with NRDS and 63 newborns without NRDS. The relative expression level of miR-513a-3p was detected by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Umbilical artery blood gas parameter values and LUS score were recorded, and the clinical significance of miR-513a-3p, umbilical artery blood gas parameter and LUS score in NRDS were evaluated by Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis.

Results

Elevated levels of miR-513a-3p were detected in the serum of NRDS, and higher expression of miR-513a-3p was observed in individuals with poor prognosis. Notably, miR-513a-3p exhibited a significant correlation with the parameters of arterial blood gas analysis and LUS score in NRDS patients. Furthermore, miR-513a-3p was one of the risk factors for poor prognosis in NRDS patients. miR-513a-3p levels combined with umbilical artery blood gas parameters and LUS score has diagnostic value for NRDS and is reliable for its prognosis.

Conclusions

Elevated levels of miR-513a-3p in neonatal serum served as a useful tool in the combined assessment with umbilical artery blood gas analysis and LUS score to diagnosis and prognosis of NRDS. Consequently, miR-513a-3p may be served as a biomarker for diagnosis and prognosis of NRDS.
Expecting the expected – learning from the past to provide forward scenarios through geomorphic change detection, monitoring and modeling
Authors: Bossi G. , Cavalli M. , Mantovani M. , Catelan F. T. , Ballaera A. , Ceccotto F. , Marcato G. , Pasuto A
Published: October 2024

This paper tells the story of a landslide, its origins, its activity and the actions undertaken to mitigate the risks that it poses. The Rotolon landslide is a large Deep-seated Gravitational Slope Deformation (DGSD), located in the Eastern Italian Alps, whose unremitting movements provide a sediment supply for large-scale debris flow events. It has been active since at least 1789, threatening the valley where the thermal baths town of Recoaro Terme is located. In 2010, a major reactivation of the landslide channelled 320,000 m3 of material towards the town causing significant concern, the evacuation of the exposed population and threatening several buildings. A few days after the emergency, the personnel of the Research Institute for Geo-Hydrological Protection of the Italian Research Council (IRPI-CNR) deployed a monitoring system consisting of an automatic total station, several extensometers and web cameras to monitor the evolution of the unstable slope and set up an early warning and alarm system equipped with sirens to warn the local population. Subsequently, after the emergency phase, the 2010 event was studied through multi-temporal LiDAR Digital Terrain Models (DTMs) and modeling. The authors have continued monitoring and actively studying this landslide ever since. In 2020, a new LiDAR survey of the area allowed assessment of the sediment dynamics within the catchment through the comparison with the post-2010 event LiDAR DTM. Based on DEM of difference maps, new insight into the behaviour of the catchment emerged, which appears to be influenced both by natural processes and anthropic activities. The authors were able to assess the amount of sediment that could be stored in the channel without causing overflooding and to calculate the expected damage to the built environment should another event occur. Furthermore, the considerable amount of data collected by the monitoring system throughout the years has allowed identification of two active sectors of the DGSD that may be prone to detachment, and through numerical modeling, future hazard scenarios were produced. Based on these outcomes, a second-tier targeted monitoring campaign was implemented, consisting of a network of four permanent GNSS receivers, additional topographic benchmarks and web cameras, and a new early warning protocol, in an ever-updating cycle of monitoring, modeling and mitigation.
Protective effect of Schistosoma mansoni infection and/or soluble egg antigen on allergic reaction in male mice
Authors: Amer Noura , Kamel Reem O. A. , Abd-Elhalem Sahar Sobhy , Bayaumy Fatma E. A.
Published: October 2024

Background

Innovative treatments are being examined to develop more effective and innocuous protective medications for allergic conditions. In recent times, helminth-based immunotherapy is gaining attention as a potential therapeutic approach that could establish a pathway for controlling anaphylaxis. To the extent of our knowledge, there are no previous studies that examine the protective effect of both Schistosoma mansoni (S. mansoni) and its soluble egg antigen (SEA) together against anaphylaxis. Therefore, the purpose of the current study was to examine and compare the impact of SEA immunization and/or S. mansoni infection on Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced systemic anaphylaxes in mice model.

Results

The outcome results revealed that S. mansoni infection and SEA immunization were able to improve body weight, reduce the mortality rate, increase plasma IgE and IgG4 levels and decrease histamine levels in broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF). Additionally, they elevated interleukin-(IL)-4, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-beta (ΤGF-β) levels in BALF. They also restored the stabilization of peritoneal mast cells (MCs) membrane in inverted light microscopy results accompanied by amelioration of the lung and liver histology.

Conclusions

The present study provided indication for the prophylactic effects of S. mansoni infection and SEA immunization against OVA-induced systemic anaphylaxes in mice model. Also, it focuses on the possible therapeutic mechanisms of helminth-derived products administration that might be related to upregulation of immune regulatory mechanisms. As a result, S. mansoni-derived products may be used as preventative supplemented treatments to inhibit the development of anaphylaxis which provides us with a new vision for developing pioneering therapy.
Appraising the corrosion inhibitory efficacy and adsorption mechanism of leaf extract of Datura discolor on low-carbon steel in low pH media via gravimetric experiments and AFM analysis
Authors: Ahanotu Cornelius C. , Ezigbo Veronica O. , Okonkwo Sylvia I. , Madu Kenneth C.
Published: October 2024

Background

The study investigated the inhibitory action of Datura discolor leaf extract against the corrosion of low-carbon steel in 0.5 M solutions of three acids. The purpose was to ascertain the effect of extract concentration, immersion time and temperature variation on corrosion inhibitory efficiency, and to relate to existing reports which show that organic molecules in most plant extracts inhibit corrosion. Extraction of the leaves was done by maceration using methanol, and solvent was removed by evaporation to dryness. Classical gravimetric (mass loss) experiments were used, and experimental data were fitted to adsorption isotherm models to ascertain the best approximation. Surface examination of the low-carbon steel substrates was carried out using the atomic force microscope.

Results

Inhibitory protective efficiency of extract was found to appreciate with increasing Datura discolor leaf extract concentration at a fixed temperature, with values ranging 77.6–88.8%, 91.35–98.08% and 19.64–44.64% in H2SO4, HCl and HNO3 solutions respectively at 27 °C. Elevation of temperature was found to depreciate the inhibitor efficiency at constant inhibitor concentration. Best isotherm model fitting was obtained with Langmuir model both at 27 °C and 60 °C and in all the hostile media, while Temkin model gave good approximation only at 60 °C and in H2SO4 and HCl solutions only. The negative values of free energy of adsorption $$(\Delta G_{{{\text{ads}}}}^{0} )$$

(
Δ

G

ads

0

)

suggested that the adsorptive interaction of the inhibitor with the substrate surface was very spontaneous. Values of $$\Delta G_{{{\text{ads}}}}^{0}$$

Δ

G

ads

0

were all consistent, fluctuating between − 16.35 and − 17.63 kJ mol−1 in both H2SO4 and HCl solutions, and between − 9.76 and − 10.25 kJ mol−1 in HNO3 solution, and this suggests that adsorption of the inhibitor molecules occurred via physisorption. Values of the activation energy of the corrosion reaction $$(E_{{{\text{act}}}} )$$

(

E
act

)

are all < 40 kJ mol−1, suggesting that the inhibition occurred by a physical adsorption mechanism.

Conclusions

The study concludes that Datura discolor crude leaf extract suppressed the corrosion reactions, and the inhibition was found to arise from the physisorptive interaction of the organic molecules with the substrate/solution interface, forming a stabilize inhibitor film on the substrate surface as revealed by the atomic force micrographs.
All black: a microplastic extraction combined with colour-based analysis allows identification and characterisation of tire wear particles (TWP) in soils
Authors: Foetisch Alexandra , Grunder Adrian , Kuster Benjamin , Stalder Tobias , Bigalke Moritz
Published: October 2024

While tire wear particles (TWP) have been estimated to represent more than 90% of the total microplastic (MP) emitted in European countries and may have environmental health effects, only few data about TWP concentrations and characteristics are available today. The lack of data stems from the fact that no standardized, cost efficient or accessible extraction and identification method is available yet. We present a method allowing the extraction of TWP from soil, performing analysis with a conventional optical microscope and a machine learning approach to identify TWP in soil based on their colour. The lowest size of TWP which could be measured reliably with an acceptable recovery using our experimental set-up was 35 µm. Further improvements would be possible given more advanced technical infrastructure (higher optical magnification and image quality). Our method showed a mean recovery of 85% in the 35–2000 µm particle size range and no blank contamination. We tested for possible interference from charcoal (as another black soil component with similar properties) in the soils and found a reduction of the interference from charcoal by 92% during extraction. We applied our method to a highway adjacent soil at 1 m, 2 m, 5 m, and 10 m and detected TWP in all samples with a tendency to higher concentrations at 1 m and 2 m from the road compared to 10 m from the road. The observed TWP concentrations were in the same order of magnitude as what was previously reported in literature in highway adjacent soils. These results demonstrate the potential of the method to provide quantitative data on the occurrence and characteristics of TWP in the environment. The method can be easily implemented in many labs, and help to address our knowledge gap regarding TWP concentrations in soils.
A dynamic platform for global pullorum disease and fowl typhoid
Authors: Kang Xiamei , Jin Canghong , Gu Pengkun , Wang Song , Gao Zhengjie , Dai Chenyi , Zhou Xiao , Siddique Abubakar , Zhou Haiyang , Huang Linlin , Li Yan , Yue Min
Published: October 2024

Pullorum disease and fowl typhoid are caused by the Salmonella serovars Gallinarum biovars Pullorum and Gallinarum, respectively. The prevalence of these diseases varies across regions and is affected by different risk factors that remain insufficiently documented. To fill this knowledge gap, we have compiled a global dataset for its prevalence, drawing upon a collection of literature from the last seven decades obtained from bilingual databases. However, a more interactive and dynamic platform is still needed for both academics and policymakers to improve biosecurity measures, limit disease transmission, and prevent future outbreaks at the global and local levels. Here, we developed an advanced visualization platform to depict the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum, especially in China, which is categorized by geographical region and temporal span. The platform offers a user-friendly, efficient, and visually engaging tool to explore the prevalence of pullorum disease and fowl typhoid between 1945 and 2021 in different regions. Additionally, this platform allows users to understand the influence of various factors, such as breed, farm mode, economic usage and even the sex of the primary host, chickens, on the prevalence of this disease. We further provided a detailed overview of individual province within China. In particular, by selecting two different provinces on the interface, users can quickly visualize and grasp the disparities in disease prevalence between the chosen regions. This interactive toolkit enables a dynamic exploration of the patterns and factors contributing to the prevalence of Salmonella Pullorum and Gallinarum. This interactive platform is freely available open source at http://139.9.85.208/.
2025 ACSM Worldwide Fitness Trends: Future Directions of the Health and Fitness Industry
Authors: Newsome A'Naja M. , Batrakoulis Alexios , Camhi Sarah M. , McAvoy Cayla , Sansone Jessica (Sudock) , Reed Rachelle ,   Contributors:
Published: October 2024

Apply It!

• Identify predictions for the top 20 fitness trends in the United States and across the globe for 2025.

• Utilize data informed decision making to promote physical activity in the commercial, clinical, corporate, and community fitness sectors.

• Evaluate trend themes across regions to support consumer health and fitness.
Επιπολασμός της εκκριτικής μέσης ωτίτιδας και της δυσλειτουργίας της ευσταχιανής σάλπιγγας στο νομό Λάρισας
Authors: Τσιτηρίδης Ιωάννης
Published: October 2024

Εισαγωγή : Τα επιδημιολογικά δεδομένα για την εκκριτική μέση ωτίτιδα (ΕΜΩ) στην Ελλάδα είναι σπάνια και αναφέρονται στον επιπολασμό της ΕΜΩ πριν από 20 χρόνια, ενώ κατά την κρίσιμη περίοδο της οικονομικής κρίσης δεν είχαν διεξαχθεί σχετικές μελέτες. Κατά τη διάρκεια αυτής της περιόδου είχε σημειωθεί σημαντική επιδείνωση των περιβαλλοντικών συνθηκών στις μεγάλες ελληνικές πόλεις, κυρίως λόγω της ατμοσφαιρικής ρύπανσης. Σκοπός: Η εκτίμηση του επιπολασμού της ΕΜΩ και της Δυσλειτουργίας της Ευσταχιανής Σάλπιγγας (ΔΕΣ) σε ορεινές/αγροτικές περιοχές σε σύγκριση με τις αστικές περιοχές της κεντρικής Ελλάδας την εποχή της οικονομικής κρίσης και πέντε χρόνια αργότερα, μετά το τυπικό πέρας αυτής. Σχεδιασμός μελέτης: Συγχρονική μελέτη δύο φάσεων (έτη 2016-2017 και 2022-2023). Μέθοδος: Στη μελέτη συμμετείχαν 586 και 482 παιδιά δημοτικού σχολείου ηλικίας 6-12 ετών, από αστικές και ορεινές/αγροτικές περιοχές. Πραγματοποιήθηκαν πνευματική ωτοσκόπηση, και τυμπανογράφημα. Αποτελέσματα: Και στις δύο περιόδους της μελέτης, ο επιπολασμός των ΕΜΩ και ΔΕΣ ήταν υψηλότερος στα παιδιά ηλικίας 6-7 ετών στις αστικές περιοχές [24,4% (23,3%) και 21,0% (17,3%) ] αντίστοιχα. Ο επιπολασμός μειώθηκε σταδιακά, με μικρές διακυμάνσεις, στη χαμηλότερη τιμή 11,2% (11,0%) (για ΕΜΩ) και 14,5% (12,0%) (για ΔΕΣ) στην ηλικία 11-12 ετών για τα παιδιά αστικών περιοχών. Το ίδιο πρότυπο επιπολασμού παρατηρείται και στα παιδιά των ορεινών περιοχών: ο επιπολασμός ΕΜΩ μειώνεται από 24,3% (25,3%) (ηλικιακή ομάδα 6-7 ετών) σε 12,8% (12,7%) για παιδιά ηλικίας 11-12 ετών. χρονών. Οι διαφορές ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικές μεταξύ των ηλικιακών ομάδων (p<0,001). Ο επιπολασμός της ΕΜΩ στο δείγμα από τις αγροτικές/ορεινές περιοχές ήταν 17,8% (16,4%), ενώ ο επιπολασμός στις αστικές περιοχές ήταν 30,3% (29,6%). Οι διαφορές ήταν στατιστικά σημαντικές (p<0,001). Συμπέρασμα: Ο επιπολασμός της μέσης ωτίτιδας σε παιδιά δημοτικού είναι αρκετά υψηλός, με αξιοσημείωτη διαφορά μεταξύ αστικών και αγροτικών/ορεινών περιοχών, με τις τελευταίες να παρουσιάζουν το χαμηλότερο επιπολασμό. Αυτή η μεγάλη διαφορά μεταξύ αγροτικών/ορεινών και αστικών περιοχών επιτρέπει την υπόθεση ότι περιβαλλοντικοί παράγοντες και ενδεχομένως η ατμοσφαιρική ρύπανση μπορεί να ευθύνονται για αυτές τις διαφορές. Τα ευρήματά μας δικαιολογούν την έναρξη των προγραμμάτων προσυμπτωματικού ελέγχου ΕΜΩ σε σχολικές εγκαταστάσεις και τη διεξαγωγή περαιτέρω μελετών προς διευκρίνιση των αιτίων στη διαφορά του επιπολασμού της ΕΜΩ μεταξύ αστικών/πεδινών και ορεινών περιοχών.
Preliminary evaluation of predictions from compressive strength models for masonry
Authors: KOUZELIS LAMPROS , MORETTI MARINA
Published: October 2024

Compressive strength is the most essential design parameter of load-bearing masonry structures. The performance of masonry under compression depends on numerous parameters and is linked to the properties of its component materials, which enclose high variability, and to its geometrical characteristics and interlocking arrangement. Available predictive models are usually based only on few variables and therefore their estimates are liable to uncertainties. In this paper, the performance of four existing models for the estimation of the compressive strength of masonry made of solid units, is evaluated. To this end, experimental data from tests on single-layered specimens made of solid clay bricks, and subjected to monotonic compression, were collected from the literature. The predictions of the four models are compared to the experimental strength of the masonry specimens. The performance of each model is assessed through statistical analysis indices. From the analysis, it is concluded that the examined predictive models overestimate the masonry specimens with experimental strength less than 5 MPa.
This Must be the Place: A Holistic Approach to the Development of Boiotian Religious Sites (700-300 BCE)
Authors: Van Wijk Roy
Published: October 2024

In this article I aim to clarify how specific cult sites emerged in southern Boiotia by employing a holistic approach, combining the phenomenological investigations favoured by the recent Spatial and Sensorial Turn with a functionalist understanding of these locations. Understanding how the natural environment provided the impetus for the deliberations on divine presences at these sites forms the first step; a second layer of analysis considers the strategic locations of these places, the political powers willing to invest in the development of the sanctuaries, such as elites or communities, and the paths alongside which these places lay. I will look at how the chosen cult sites – the Apollo cult at Delion, the Ismenios temple at Thebes, the Galaxion and the Kabeirion in the Teneric Plain – were either transformed into sites of trans-local importance due to the investment or take-over from neighbouring larger communities, and how this aimed to create key religious hubs throughout the region that aimed to fortify communal interactions across southern Boiotia between 700 and 300 BCE.
Healing through faith: Meeting a chaplain coupled with biblical readings could produce lymphocyte changes that correlate with brain activity (HEALING study)
Authors: Béres András , Emri Miklós , Aranyi Csaba , Fajtai Dániel , Nagy Ferenc , Szabó Péter , Bödecs Pál , Hörcsik Edit , Perpékné Papp Éva , Tomanek Ferenc , Kuti Márta , Petőfalviné Ágnes , Kisdeákné Hajnalka , Bíró Gergely , Kovács Dániel , Bakos Bettina , Vinczen Eszter , Gál Eszter , Sillinger Renáta , Szalai Zoltán , Szilágyi Antal , Kiss-Merki Marianna , Nagyéri György , Fodor Judit , Németh Tamás , Papp Erzsébet , Repa Imre
Published: October 2024

Background Faith and belief systems impact the emotional as well as immunological states of believers in ways that we are just beginning to understand. However, the clinical implications of prior studies are limited. The aim of the HEALING (Hospital-based Ecumenical and Linguistic Immuno-NeuroloGic) study is to examine immunological and neurological changes in hospitalized patients after meeting with a chaplain coupled with the study of biblical readings. Methods Hospitalized patients were pre-screened to identify those who were most in need of a spiritual intervention. A passage from the Bible was read to them during a meeting with the chaplain at bedside (n = 20) or in the chapel (n = 18). No meeting occurred in the randomized control group (n = 19). Blood samples were obtained 30 min prior and 60 min after the meeting to measure white blood cell (WBC) count, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), immunoglobulin M (IgM), IgA, IgG, and complement 3 (C3). A subgroup of the visited patients was subjected to functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), during which they listened to an audiotape of readings of the same biblical passage (n = 21). Results Immunological changes were not significant. Conversely, a significant (pfwe = 0.003) correlation was observed between lymphocyte changes and activation of the angular gyrus (left BA39) during fMRI, a brain area involved in word recognition. Conclusions This article contributes to the relevant literature by helping to create a realistic picture of the possibilities of neuroimmune modulation in clinical practice. Compared to healthy volunteers, the extent of short-term neuroimmunomodulation becomes narrower in a clinical setting. Although limited by the sample size and cohort study design, the findings suggest that the depth of psycho-immunological changes could depend on the degree to which the chaplain’s main message is understood.