bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparative analysis of aviation losses of the Leningrad Front during the blockade
Authors: Prigodich Nikita Dmitrievich , Vasil'ev Andrei Vladimirovich
Published: April 2023

The subject of the research in this article is the loss of aviation forces on the Leningrad Front during the blockade. The authors consider in detail the statistical data on losses in the composition of the aviation defending Leningrad from the perspective of an integrated approach to the study of the history of the blockade of the city as a single unbroken process, which is an important expansion of scientific knowledge about the affected problem. In addition, this study is based on the materials of the Leningrad Front Air Force headquarters, which are being introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Particular attention is paid in the article to the comparative analysis of losses among personnel with aircraft losses for the same period. The main conclusions of the presented study demonstrate that the periods of increasing losses of personnel and materiel are naturally associated with the stages of massive counter-offensive operations in September 1942, January and September 1943, in January 1944. However, the data provided also indicate a number of unique provisions. As a result, the presented information allows us to somewhat expand the available data on the actions of aviation in the defense of Leningrad. The use of statistical materials allows us to ask some important questions, the scientific answer to which will be inextricably linked to the more general problems of the history of the defense and blockade of Leningrad during the Great Patriotic War.
Financial aspects of the construction of the Trans-Siberian Railway: the structure of budget expenditures
Authors: Shilnikova Irina
Published: April 2023

The article deals with issues related to the financing of the construction of the Trans–Siberian railway in the late XIX - early XX centuries. In the course of the study, the total cost of construction was determined, as well as the reasons for the differences in the amounts spent for individual sections of this railway were identified. The comparison of planned and actual expenses, both total and for individual items, was carried out, as well as the reasons for overspending the originally planned amounts and the circumstances that made it possible to reduce costs for certain types (stages) of work were identified. The structure of expenses is determined, the share of various items in the total amount of construction costs is estimated. A comparison of the cost structure of different parts of the Trans-Siberian Railway is carried out. The basis of the source base of this study is the materials of reports on the construction of individual lines of this railway. In the structure of expenses for all sections of the road, the most significant items are allocated, which take over the bulk of the allocated funds. At the same time, the existing differences can be explained, first of all, by the conditions of construction work, the need to construct various infrastructure facilities, bridges, tunnels. Despite the presence of miscalculations at the planning stage during the construction of the West Siberian, Tomsk branch of the Middle Siberian, both sections of the Ussuri Railway, the cost amounts did not exceed the initial estimates.
Regulation of the human right to a fair trial in the norms of international law and domestic acts of individual countries (comparative legal analysis)
Authors: Soloveva Anna Sergeevna
Published: April 2023

The object of the research is interstate relations arising within the framework of ensuring the human right to a fair trial. The subject of the research is universal and regional international legal acts in the field of human rights protection, as well as domestic acts. Using the example of national constitutions and criminal procedure codes (acts), the features of the implementation of the right to a fair trial in the internal acts of individual States are considered. Within the framework of a comparative legal analysis of the provisions of international and domestic acts, it is revealed to what extent individual countries implement the provisions of international treaties to which they are parties to consolidate the right to a fair trial. The main conclusion of the research is to determine the options for securing the right to a fair trial in the internal acts of States (by establishing its constituent elements; indirectly; in a general manner, without subject fixation). The influence of international legal norms on domestic acts in terms of unification of national legal regulation in the issue of securing the right to a fair trial is determined. The novelty of the research lies in the substantive analysis of the implementation of the provisions of international treaties in terms of the right to a fair trial by individual States within the framework of constitutions and criminal procedure codes (acts).
Pedagogical wishes of Professor E. K. Virsaladze in the work on R. Schumann's "Symphonic Etudes" op. 13
Authors: Kaprin Aleksander Dmitrievich
Published: April 2023

In this article, for the first time, the work of Professor E. K. Virsaladze in class on the "Symphonic Etudes" Op. 13 by R. Schumann was reviewed and a small performance analysis of her performance in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory was given. The concert took place on April 16, 2010, on the 200th anniversary of the birth of R. Schumann. The author, being a student of her class and an assistant trainee, made notes of the teacher's wishes in the work on the "Symphonic Etudes" by the romantic composer R. Schumann. The suggestions and recommendations expressed by E. K. Virsaladze on "Symphonic Sketches" are presented for the first time and have great practical and artistic value. The author discusses in detail the work on each etude. In his work, the professor pays attention to all means of musical expression: rhythm, strokes, dynamics… Advises a certain fingering, pedal… Such work of a teacher should undoubtedly contribute to obtaining certain performing skills from students for their further development. As an example, the article examines Virsaladze's performance of "Symphonic Etudes" in the Great Hall of the Moscow Conservatory in a concert dedicated to the 200th anniversary of the birth of R. Schumann. The article is recommended for students of music universities, colleges, colleges preparing for a concert performance of Schumann's works, in particular, "Symphonic Etudes" Op. 13.
Two-dimensional bright soliton in exciton-polariton condensate
Authors: Huang Yi-Fan , Liang Zhao-Xin ,   Department of Physics, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China
Published: April 2023

In non-conservative nonlinear systems, the basic physical mechanics of soliton generation is that the kinetic energy and nonlinear terms of the system, as well as the gain and dissipation terms reach a double dynamic balance. How to generate stable free high-dimensional solitons in such a system is currently a challenging topic in soliton theory. In this article, we propose a theoretical scheme for realizing two-dimensional free bright solitons in exciton-polariton Bose-Einstein condensates, which proposes a physical mechanism for generating stable two-dimensional free space bright solitons through time periodic modulation interactions and a dual balance between gain and dissipation. In this end, firstly, we obtain the dynamic equations of two-dimensional bright soliton parameters through the Lagrange variational method, and obtain its dynamically stable parameter space. Secondly, the evolution of the generalized dissipative Gross-Pitaveskii equation is numerically simulated to verify the stability of two-dimensional bright solitons. Finally, we add Gaussian noise to simulate a real experimental environment and find that two-dimensional bright solitons are also stable within the observable time range of the experiment. Our experimental scheme opens the door to the study of bright solitons in high-dimensional free space in non-conservative systems.
In vivo MRI is sensitive to remyelination in a nonhuman primate model of multiple sclerosis
Authors: Donadieu Maxime , Lee Nathanael J , Gaitán María I , Ha Seung-Kwon , Luciano Nicholas J , Roy Snehashis , Ineichen Benjamin , Leibovitch Emily C , Yen Cecil C , Pham Dzung L , Silva Afonso C , Johnson Mac , Jacobson Steve , Sati Pascal , Reich Daniel S
Published: April 2023

Remyelination is crucial to recover from inflammatory demyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). Investigating remyelination in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is difficult in MS, where collecting serial short-interval scans is challenging. Using experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) in common marmosets, a model of MS that recapitulates focal cerebral inflammatory demyelinating lesions, we investigated whether MRI is sensitive to, and can characterize, remyelination. In six animals followed with multisequence 7 T MRI, 31 focal lesions, predicted to be demyelinated or remyelinated based on signal intensity on proton density-weighted images, were subsequently assessed with histopathology. Remyelination occurred in four of six marmosets and 45% of lesions. Radiological-pathological comparison showed that MRI had high statistical sensitivity (100%) and specificity (90%) for detecting remyelination. This study demonstrates the prevalence of spontaneous remyelination in marmoset EAE and the ability of in vivo MRI to detect it, with implications for preclinical testing of pro-remyelinating agents.
Single-cell transcriptomics of a dynamic cell behavior in murine airways
Authors: Kwok Sheldon JJ , Montoro Daniel T , Haber Adam L , Yun Seok-Hyun , Vinarsky Vladimir
Published: April 2023

Despite advances in high-dimensional cellular analysis, the molecular profiling of dynamic behaviors of cells in their native environment remains a major challenge. We present a method that allows us to couple the physiological behaviors of cells in an intact murine tissue to deep molecular profiling of individual cells. This method enabled us to establish a novel molecular signature for a striking migratory cellular behavior following injury in murine airways.
Complex plumages spur rapid color diversification in kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae)
Authors: Eliason Chad M , McCullough Jenna M , Hackett Shannon J , Andersen Michael J
Published: April 2023

Colorful signals in nature provide some of the most stunning examples of rapid phenotypic evolution. Yet, studying color pattern evolution has been historically difficult owing to differences in perceptual ability of humans and analytical challenges with studying how complex color patterns evolve. Island systems provide a natural laboratory for testing hypotheses about the direction and magnitude of phenotypic change. A recent study found that plumage colors of island species are darker and less complex than continental species. Whether such shifts in plumage complexity are associated with increased rates of color evolution remains unknown. Here, we use geometric morphometric techniques to test the hypothesis that plumage complexity and insularity interact to influence color diversity in a species-rich clade of colorful birds—kingfishers (Aves: Alcedinidae). In particular, we test three predictions: (1) plumage complexity enhances interspecific rates of color evolution, (2) plumage complexity is lower on islands, and (3) rates of plumage color evolution are higher on islands. Our results show that more complex plumages result in more diverse colors among species and that island species have higher rates of color evolution. Importantly, we found that island species did not have more complex plumages than their continental relatives. Thus, complexity may be a key innovation that facilitates evolutionary response of individual color patches to distinct selection pressures on islands, rather than being a direct target of selection itself. This study demonstrates how a truly multivariate treatment of color data can reveal evolutionary patterns that might otherwise go unnoticed.
Caveolae and Bin1 form ring-shaped platforms for T-tubule initiation
Authors: Lemerle Eline , Lainé Jeanne , Benoist Marion , Moulay Gilles , Bigot Anne , Labasse Clémence , Madelaine Angéline , Canette Alexis , Aubin Perrine , Vallat Jean-Michel , Romero Norma B , Bitoun Marc , Mouly Vincent , Marty Isabelle , Cadot Bruno , Picas Laura , Vassilopoulos Stéphane
Published: April 2023

Excitation-contraction coupling requires a highly specialized membrane structure, the triad, composed of a plasma membrane invagination, the T-tubule, surrounded by two sarcoplasmic reticulum terminal cisternae. Although the precise mechanisms governing T-tubule biogenesis and triad formation remain largely unknown, studies have shown that caveolae participate in T-tubule formation and mutations of several of their constituents induce muscle weakness and myopathies. Here, we demonstrate that, at the plasma membrane, Bin1 and caveolae composed of caveolin-3 assemble into ring-like structures from which emerge tubes enriched in the dihydropyridine receptor. Bin1 expression lead to the formation of both rings and tubes and we show that Bin1 forms scaffolds on which caveolae accumulate to form the initial T-tubule. Cav3 deficiency caused by either gene silencing or pathogenic mutations results in defective ring formation and perturbed Bin1-mediated tubulation that may explain defective T-tubule organization in mature muscles. Our results uncover new pathophysiological mechanisms that may prove relevant to myopathies caused by Cav3 or Bin1 dysfunction.
When landmarks are not enough
Authors: Hill Paul F
Published: April 2023

Including geometric spatial cues in an environment can help reverse the difficulties with spatial navigation experienced by children and older adults.
The design of early warning software systems for financial crises in high-tech businesses using fusion models in the context of sustainable economic growth
Authors: Guo Houfang
Published: April 2023

Enterprises are urged to continue implementing the sustainable development strategy in their business operations as “carbon neutrality” and “carbon peak” gradually become the current stage’s worldwide targets. High-tech businesses (HTE) need to be better equipped to manage financial risks and avoid financial crises in the face of severe market competition. The most popular machine learning models—logistic regression, XGBoost, and BP neural networks—are chosen as the base models in this study. The three models are combined using the stacking method to train and forecast the fusion models while offering other researchers some basic model research ideas. The financial crisis early warning (FCEW) of HTE is built concurrently by contrasting the fusion of various quantitative basis models and the fusion procedures of voting and averaging. The outcomes demonstrate that the fusion model outperforms the single model in terms of performance, and the stacked fusion model has the best early warning impact. By comparing and comparing the effect of three fusion models on financial crisis warnings of high-tech enterprises, it makes up for the defect of low accuracy of traditional forecasting methods. It improves the sustainable development path of enterprises.
The ‘what’ and ‘how’ of screening for social needs in healthcare settings: a scoping review
Authors: Karran Emma L. , G. Cashin Aidan , Barker Trevor , A. Boyd Mark , Chiarotto Alessandro , Dewidar Omar , Petkovic Jennifer , Sharma Saurab , Tugwell Peter , Moseley G. Lorimer ,   Identifying Social Factors that Stratify Health Opportunities and Outcomes (ISSHOOs) Collaborative Core Research Group
Published: April 2023

Background

Adverse social determinants of health give rise to individual-level social needs that have the potential to negatively impact health. Screening patients to identify unmet social needs is becoming more widespread. A review of the content of currently available screening tools is warranted. The aim of this scoping review was to determine what social needs categories are included in published Social Needs Screening Tools that have been developed for use in primary care settings, and how these social needs are screened.

Methods

We pre-registered the study on the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/dqan2/). We searched MEDLINE and Embase from 01/01/2010 to 3/05/2022 to identify eligible studies reporting tools designed for use in primary healthcare settings. Two reviewers independently screened studies, a single reviewer extracted data. We summarised the characteristics of included studies descriptively and calculated the number of studies that collected data relevant to specific social needs categories. We identified sub-categories to classify the types of questions relevant to each of the main categories.

Results

We identified 420 unique citations, and 27 were included. Nine additional studies were retrieved by searching for tools that were used or referred to in excluded studies. Questions relating to food insecurity and the physical environment in which a person lives were the most frequently included items (92–94% of tools), followed by questions relating to economic stability and aspects of social and community context (81%). Seventy-five percent of the screening tools included items that evaluated five or more social needs categories (mean 6.5; standard deviation 1.75). One study reported that the tool had been ‘validated’; 16 reported ‘partial’ validation; 12 reported that the tool was ‘not validated’ and seven studies did not report validation processes or outcomes.
Are anthropometric characteristics powerful markers to predict the Cooper Run Test? Actual Caucasian data
Authors: Azzali Gianluca , Bellato Massimo , Giuriato Matteo , Carnevale Pellino Vittoria , Vandoni Matteo , Ceccarelli Gabriele , Lovecchio Nicola
Published: April 2023

Background

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a powerful marker of cardiovascular health, especially in youth. Several field tests can provide accurate measurement of CRF, the Cooper Run Test (CRT) is generally preferred by physical education (PE) teachers and trainers. The CRT performance in adolescents has been compared to reference distance values, gender and age but the differences among the anthropometric characteristics of youth has not been evaluated. For these reasons, the aim of this study was to develop reference standards for CRT and evaluate possible correlations between biometric measurements and athletic performance.

Methods

This cross-sectional study involved a total of 9,477 children (4,615 girls) aged 11–14 years, freely recruited from North Italian middle schools. Mass, height and CRT performances were assessed in the morning during PE classes as scheduled (mornings-Monday to Friday). The anthropometric measures were collected at least 20 min before the CRT run test.

Results

We found a better CRT result in boys (p< 0.001), however a smaller SD in girls suggested a more homogeneous aerobic performance for girls (i.e., 371.12 mvs282.00 m). In addition, the Shapiro-Wilk test showed a lowp-value (p< 0.001) but the effect size (0.031 for boys and 0.022 for girls) was small enough that the correction on this parameter allows a practical assumption of normality for the distributions. A visual homoskedastic distribution in both sexes is evident for both body mass index (BMI), mass and VO2peak with respect to CRT results. In addition, there were low linear correlation coefficients for both BMI, mass and VO2peak compared to the CRT results, with a R2 < 0.5 for every covariate. The only visual heteroskedastic distribution was observed in regression between distance in CRT and age at peak high velocity.

Conclusions

Our findings suggested that anthropometric characteristics are not powerful markers to predict Cooper Run Test results in a well-mixed, unpolarized and unbiased pool of middle school boys and girls. PE teachers and trainers should prefer endurance tests over the use of indirect formulas to predict performance.
Myriad applications of bacteriophages beyond phage therapy
Authors: García-Cruz Juan Carlos , Huelgas-Méndez Daniel , Jiménez-Zúñiga Jorge Santiago , Rebollar-Juárez Xareni , Hernández-Garnica Mariel , Fernández-Presas Ana María , Husain Fohad Mabood , Alenazy Rawaf , Alqasmi Mohammed , Albalawi Thamer , Alam Pravej , García-Contreras Rodolfo
Published: April 2023

Bacteriophages are the most abundant biological entity on the planet, having pivotal roles in bacterial ecology, animal and plant health, and in the biogeochemical cycles. Although, in principle, phages are simple entities that replicate at the expense of their bacterial hosts, due the importance of bacteria in all aspects of nature, they have the potential to influence and modify diverse processes, either in subtle or profound ways. Traditionally, the main application of bacteriophages is phage therapy, which is their utilization to combat and help to clear bacterial infections, from enteric diseases, to skin infections, chronic infections, sepsis, etc. Nevertheless, phages can also be potentially used for several other tasks, including food preservation, disinfection of surfaces, treatment of several dysbioses, and modulation of microbiomes. Phages may also be used as tools for the treatment of non-bacterial infections and pest control in agriculture; moreover, they can be used to decrease bacterial virulence and antibiotic resistance and even to combat global warming. In this review manuscript we discuss these possible applications and promote their implementation.
Myoinositol and Metformin versus Only Metformin in the Management of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomised Open-label Clinical Trial
Authors: Mazumder Palash , Jhunjhunwala Nidhi , Mitra Sukumar , Dutta Shyamali , Bag Tarasankar
Published: April 2023

Introduction: The incidence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is rising globally with India no exception. The overall prevalence of GDM in our country is 16.55%. Insulin is the gold standard for the treatment of diabetes. Metformin, an Oral Hypoglycaemic Agent (OHA) is promisingly used in place of or along with Insulin. Myoinositol an insulin sensitiser may have some role in the treatment of GDM. Aim: To assess whether myoinositol in addition to metformin provides any better glycaemic control in GDM patients than those receiving metformin only. Materials and Methods: An open-label randomised clinical trial was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India, in which mothers with a singleton pregnancy with 2-hour Postprandial Blood Sugar (PPBS) ≥140 mg/dL after 75 gm oral glucose {Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) criteria} were included and those with pregestational diabetes, on any form of anti-diabetic treatment and with other co-morbidities like renal pathology, hypertension were excluded. A total of 150 patients with GDM were given Medical Nutrition Therapy (MNT) and after two weeks, 66 patients were selected and randomly allocated into two groups. Group 1 was given Myoinositol along with metformin (n=33) and group 2 was given metformin only (n=33). Dropouts were three in each group. So, a net of 30 patients from each group was taken for the final analysis. A p-value ≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The mean change in fasting glucose levels in group 1 was 19.30±9.713 mg/dL whereas in group 2 was 20.76±13.70 mg/dL. (p=0.6343). The mean change in postprandial blood glucose was 59.4667±16.8026 mg/dL in group 1 and 54.7667±18.8674 mg/dL in group 2. Both these results were statistically not significant. Two (6.7%) patients required insulin in group 1 and in group 2, 5 (16.7%) patients had insulin added. Association was not statistically significant (p=0.2276). Conclusion: Myoinositol supplementation with metformin achieves good glycaemic control through its insulin-sensitising action and reduces the complications of GDM to a certain extent but it does not provide any extra benefits over metformin alone.
Evaluation of Oral Health Status and Temporomandibular Joint in Patients with Various Psychiatric Disorders in a Tertiary Care Center of Maharashtra, India
Authors: Kakde Kadambari Vivek , Reche Amit , Madhu Priyanka Paul , Awachat Akshata , Dodal Ketan , Dhakulkar Shamli
Published: April 2023

Introduction: Living a physically and mentally healthy lifestyle is equally vital. It occurs at all socioeconomic levels and affects individuals of all backgrounds. It is estimated that 450 million people are suffering from mental problems worldwide. Irrespective of the cause, everyone should be aware that poor dental health impacts overall health. Aim: The purpose of this study was to assess the level of oral health for people with different psychiatric illnesses in Maharashtra, to determine whether these people’s level of oral health correlates with other characteristics and to determine the extent of the issue with dental health and the best way to address it. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, ninetyeight patients receiving care at the Psychiatric department of Maharashtra, India, between April and May 2022 were included. A case history Performa was prepared to gather detailed information on all aspects. The oral examination was done by examining lymph nodes, lips, tongue, gums and tissue, saliva, natural teeth, oral cleanliness, and dental pain with a sterile mouth mirror and probe using Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) for Dental Screening Modified from Kayser-Jones . Dental caries was reported using the Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth (DMFT) index. Furthermore, Helkimo’s TMJ Index was used to assess Temporomandibular Joint (TMJ). Descriptive statistics were used to observe frequency variation. Result: The participants patients mean age was 41.33±13.58 years, and their range of age was 21-65 years. The male to female ratio of the study population was 1:1.13. Sleep disorders (24.50%) and anxiety (22.40%) were the most prevalent psychiatric conditions impacting the research population. The oral health examination of the patients described changes in the oral cavity and associated factors, including lips, tongue, gums and tissues, saliva, natural teeth, oral cleanliness, and dental pain. 59.10% of the participants had moderate to severe TMJ dysfunction. The range of the DMFT score was 3 to 17 (mean 7.89±3.21). The participants’ TMJ Index score ranged from 0 to 17 (mean 5.51±4.48). More than half of the participants (59.10 %) had moderate to severe TMJ dysfunction. Conclusion: Maharashtra’s psychiatric patients have poor oral health conditions, highlighting the need for oral health education and expanding access to dental care for these patients.
Applications of Arterial Spin Labeling Sequence in Neuroimaging, Case Depictions with Examples: Case Series
Authors: Patil Chandrasekhar , Kumar Arun , Kumar KS Prashanth , Battula Vasudha , Kotamraju Sai
Published: April 2023

Since many neurological diseases are associated with altered regional cerebral flow, Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) image being a non invasive non contrast sequence, is increasingly being used and incorporated in routine protocols as an adjuvant sequence to study the regional alterations in cerebral perfusion or Cerebral Blood Flow (CBF). It demonstrates increased or decreased regional CBF in various brain pathologies reliably without the use of intravenous contrast material. In this series, ASL is increased (increased CBF) in cases of high-grade tumour, highly cellular tumours, encephalitis, tumour recurrence, acute phase of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome (PRES), and decreased in cerebral infarct, peri-infarct ischaemic penumbra, thereby making an effort to emphasise the significance and utilisation of ASL in adjunct to the other routine Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) sequences.
The Management of Seagrass Ecosystem as an Attractive Object of Ecotourism in the Coastal Areas of Yensawai and Arefi, in Dampier Strait Marine Protected Area, Raja Ampat
Authors: Kaber Yuanike , Yulianda Fredinan , Bengen Dietriech G. , Dahuri Rokhmin , Bawole Roni , Manangkalangi Emannuel
Published: April 2023

The seagrass ecosystem and ecological interaction between the components of ecosystem and dugongs (Dugong dugon) have potentials to be utilized for marine ecotourism objects in the coast of Yensawai and Arefi in Dampier Strait marine protected area of Raja Ampat. This objective of the research was to identify the characteristics and ecologycal interaction in the seagrass ecosystem with the emergence and presence of dugongs that can be developed as the potential ecosystem for the attractive object of marine ecotourism in a specific ecotourism destination. The data were collected and consisted of the bioecology of the seagrass ecosystem as a result of dugongs’ monitoring from their emergence and presence in the seagrass ecosystem and feeding grazing. The research results showed that seagrass biodiversity consists of 4 species: Enhalus acroides, Halophila ovalis, Syringodium isoetifolium, and Thalassia hemprichii.The condition of seagrass ecosystems in Yensaway showed that Thalassia hemprichii had the highest frequency of presence in this area, and Syringodium isoetifolium was most frequently found in the coastal area of Arefi. The width of the utilization areas recommended for seagrass ecotourism based on the ecosystem preservation and migration of biota is 103,575.00 m2. The strategy for the effectiveness of seagrass ecotourism management is to allocate the area as much as 25%, the carrying capacity as many as 104 people/day (9,581 people/year), and in 50% of the area, the carrying capacity is 207 people/day (7,665 people/year). The development of seagrass ecotourism must be managed, synergized, harmonized with the management of the conservation area, and it should guarantee and maintain the sustainability of ecological process that supports the system of life, conserve the biodiversity, and ensure the sustainable use of species and ecosystem contributing to the welfare of the community.
Modelling and Optimization of Natural Gas Dehydration System Using Triethylene Glycol
Authors: Chidiebere Olughu O. , Inyang Uwem E. , Oboh Innocent O.
Published: April 2023

The problem with water vapour in natural gas stream, threaten the process facilities if the dew point temperature is not properly managed. Hydrate formation is inevitable at temperatures below the dew point. It becomes very important to reduce the water content in the gas stream to below or within the acceptable limit of 6-7lb/MMSCFD. There are many methods that can be used to reduce the water content in the natural gas stream of which adsorption and absorption are one of them, in this work absorption was employed. Natural gas composition analysis was carried out and Industrial data of a natural gas dehydrating plant was obtained and simulated using Aspen Hysys software. Process conditions of 72.6 barg and 38oC and gas flow rate of 10 lb/mmscfd, were inputted into the software and simulated. Different Triethylene Glycol (TEG) flow rates were used for the simulation. Results obtained show that for a TEG of 3.5m3/h (0.1480 kgmole/h), the water content in the dry gas was 6.6333 lb/MMSCF which is within the acceptable water limit and when the TEG flow rate was increased up to 15.7m3/h (0.6640kgmole/h) the water content in the dry gas was further reduced to 1.0930 lb/MMSCF from an initial value of 19.84lb/MMSCF. For the first simulation, a reboiled still column was used and 88% of TEG was recovered and 12% was lost with water vapour at the top of the still column but after the second simulation where a recovery separator, still column with reboiler and reflux condenser were used, 99.98% of the TEG was recovered which was compared with other methods in the industry. This implies that for a higher purity of TEG to be achieved, a recovery separator and a reflux still column needs to be used because increasing the reflux reduces glycol loss. The sum of the total capital cost and glycol loss per year is 3,873,590 USD for simulation 1, while there is a negligible TEG loss in simulation 2 so the total capital cost is 3,863,380 USD and the two simulations have the same energy consumption of 114,300KJ/h.
Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Mortality Rates by Race Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in the US
Authors: Kulkarni Neeti S. , Wadhwa Divneet K. , Kanwal Fasiha , Chhatwal Jagpreet
Published: April 2023

This cross-sectional study examines the national- and state-level age-adjusted mortality rates for alcohol-associated liver disease in 4 racial groups, with a focus on the American Indian or Alaska Native population.
Efficacy and Safety of Esketamine for Supplemental Analgesia During Elective Cesarean Delivery
Authors: Xu Li-Li , Wang Chun , Deng Chun-Mei , Dai Shao-Bing , Zhou Qun , Peng Yong-Bao , Shou Hong-Yan , Han Yin-Qiu , Yu Jing , Liu Chao-Hui , Xia Feng , Zhang Su-Qin , Wang Dong-Xin , Chen Xin-Zhong
Published: April 2023

Importance

Epidural anesthesia is a primary choice for cesarean delivery, but supplemental analgesics are often required to relieve pain during uterine traction.

Objective

To investigate the sedative and analgesic effects of intravenous esketamine administered before childbirth via cesarean delivery with the patient under epidural anesthesia.

Design, Setting, and Participants

This multicenter, double-blind randomized clinical trial assessed 903 women 18 years or older who had full-term single pregnancy and were scheduled for elective cesarean delivery with epidural anesthesia in 5 medical centers in China from September 18, 2021, to September 20, 2022.

Intervention

Patients were randomized to receive intravenous injection of 0.25 mg/kg of esketamine or placebo before incision.

Main Outcomes and Measures

The coprimary outcomes included scores on the numeric rating scale of pain (an 11-point scale, with 0 indicating no pain and 10 indicating the worst pain; a difference of ≥1.65 points was clinically meaningful) and Ramsay Sedation Scale (a 6-point scale, with 1 indicating restlessness and 6 indicating deep sleep without response; a difference of ≥2 points was clinically meaningful) immediately after fetal delivery. Secondary outcomes included neonatal Apgar score assessed at 1 and 5 minutes after birth.

Results

A total of 600 women (mean [SD] age, 30.7 [4.3] years) were enrolled and randomized; all were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. Immediately after fetal delivery, the score on the numeric rating scale of pain was lower with esketamine (median [IQR], 0 [0-1]) than with placebo (median [IQR], 0 [0-2]; median difference, 0; 95% CI, 0-0; P = .001), but the difference was not clinically important. The Ramsay Sedation Scale scores were higher (sedation deeper) with esketamine (median [IQR], 4 [3-4]) than with placebo (median [IQR], 2 [2-2]; median difference, 2; 95% CI, 2-2; P < .001). The neonatal Apgar scores did not differ between the 2 groups at 1 minute (median difference, 0; 95% CI, 0-0; P = .98) and at 5 minutes (median difference, 0; 95% CI, 0-0; P = .27). Transient neurologic or mental symptoms were more common in patients given esketamine (97.7% [293 of 300]) than in those given placebo (4.7% [14 of 300]; P < .001).

Conclusions and Relevance

For women undergoing cesarean delivery under epidural anesthesia, a subanesthetic dose of esketamine administered before incision produced transient analgesia and sedation but did not induce significant neonatal depression. Mental symptoms and nystagmus were common but transient. Indications and the optimal dose of esketamine in this patient population need further clarification, but study should be limited to those who require supplemental analgesia.

Trial Registration

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04548973
The invariant chain CD74 protein is a cell surface binding partner of TIMP‐1 in breast cancer cells
Authors: Høeberg Mikkel , Noer Julie Boertmann , Vistesen Mette Vixø , Bartels Annette , Bech Esben Matzen , Nygård Sune Boris , Lademann Ulrik , Stenvang Jan , Liu Siqi , Fuglsang Anja Thoe , Brünner Nils , Moreira José Manuel Afonso
Published: April 2023

Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases‐1 (TIMP‐1) regulates the proteolytic activity of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), playing an important role in the homeostasis of the extracellular matrix. Beyond its well‐known role in tissue maintenance, TIMP‐1 has been associated with multiple MMP‐independent cytokine‐like functions. The protein structure of TIMP‐1, with two distinct domains, one interacting with MMPs and another able to bind multiple partners, provides a rationale for this multifunctionality. The identification of CD63 as a cell surface receptor for TIMP‐1, able to mediate intracellular signaling through the Erk/MAPK axis, provided a molecular basis for the role of TIMP‐1 in cellular signaling. However, several lines of evidence suggest that TIMP‐1 may be able to associate with many interaction partners, thus attaining multiple functions. To enable the identification of previously unknown interaction partners that may underpin the core cellular functions of TIMP‐1, known as well as unknown, we performed a yeast two‐hybrid screening using a mammary gland complementary DNA (cDNA) library. We report here the identification of multiple interactors, including MHC class II‐associated invariant chain γ (CD74). We verified that CD74 interacts with TIMP‐1 in breast cancer cells and that this interaction contributes to cellular internalization of TIMP‐1 and mediates intracellular signaling through the Akt signaling axis in breast cancer cells. These data provide new insights into the complex nature of the functions of TIMP‐1 and their potential mechanistic basis.
Investigating the contribution of hyaluronan to the breast tumour microenvironment using multiparametric MRI and MR elastography
Authors: Reeves Emma L. , Li Jin , Zormpas‐Petridis Konstantinos , Boult Jessica K. R. , Sullivan James , Cummings Craig , Blouw Barbara , Kang David , Sinkus Ralph , Bamber Jeffrey C. , Jamin Yann , Robinson Simon P.
Published: April 2023

Hyaluronan (HA) is a key component of the dense extracellular matrix in breast cancer, and its accumulation is associated with poor prognosis and metastasis. Pegvorhyaluronidase alfa (PEGPH20) enzymatically degrades HA and can enhance drug delivery and treatment response in preclinical tumour models. Clinical development of stromal‐targeted therapies would be accelerated by imaging biomarkers that inform on therapeutic efficacy in vivo. Here, PEGPH20 response was assessed by multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in three orthotopic breast tumour models. Treatment of 4T1/HAS3 tumours, the model with the highest HA accumulation, reduced T1 and T2 relaxation times and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and increased the magnetisation transfer ratio, consistent with lower tissue water content and collapse of the extracellular space. The transverse relaxation rate R2* increased, consistent with greater erythrocyte accessibility following vascular decompression. Treatment of MDA‐MB‐231 LM2‐4 tumours reduced ADC and dramatically increased tumour viscoelasticity measured by MR elastography. Correlation matrix analyses of data from all models identified ADC as having the strongest correlation with HA accumulation, suggesting that ADC is the most sensitive imaging biomarker of tumour response to PEGPH20.
CDK6 is activated by the atypical cyclin I to promote E2F‐mediated gene expression and cancer cell proliferation
Authors: Quandt Eva , Masip Núria , Hernández‐Ortega Sara , Sánchez‐Botet Abril , Gasa Laura , Fernández‐Elorduy Ainhoa , Plutta Sara , Martínez‐Láinez Joan Marc , Bru Samuel , Munoz‐Torres Pau M. , Floor Martin , Villà‐Freixa Jordi , Morris May C. , Vidal August , Villanueva Alberto , Clotet Josep , Ribeiro Mariana P. C.
Published: April 2023

Cyclin‐dependent kinases (CDKs), together with their cyclin partners, are the master cell cycle regulators. Remarkably, the cyclin family was extended to include atypical cyclins, characterized by distinctive structural features, but their partner CDKs remain elusive. Here, we conducted a yeast two‐hybrid screen to identify new atypical cyclin–CDK complexes. We identified 10 new complexes, including a complex between CDK6 and cyclin I (CCNI), which was found to be active against retinoblastoma protein. CCNI upregulation increased the proliferation of breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, with a magnitude similar to that seen upon cyclin D upregulation, an effect that was abrogated by CDK6 silencing or palbociclib treatment. In line with these findings, CCNI downregulation led to a decrease in cell number and a reduction in the percentage of cells reaching S phase. Finally, CCNI upregulation correlated with the high expression of E2F target genes in large panels of cancer cell lines and tissue samples from breast cancer patients. In conclusion, we unveil CCNI as a new player in the pathways that activate CDK6, enriching the wiring of cell cycle control.
Lumbar spine segmentation method based on deep learning
Authors: Lu Hongjiang , Li Mingying , Yu Kun , Zhang Yingjiao , Yu Liang
Published: April 2023

Aiming at the difficulties of lumbar vertebrae segmentation in computed tomography (CT) images, we propose an automatic lumbar vertebrae segmentation method based on deep learning. The method mainly includes two parts: lumbar vertebra positioning and lumbar vertebrae segmentation. First of all, we propose a lumbar spine localization network of Unet network, which can directly locate the lumbar spine part in the image. Then, we propose a three‐dimensional XUnet lumbar vertebrae segmentation method to achieve automatic lumbar vertebrae segmentation. The method proposed in this paper was validated on the lumbar spine CT images on the public dataset VerSe 2020 and our hospital dataset. Through qualitative comparison and quantitative analysis, the experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper can obtain good lumbar vertebrae segmentation performance, which can be further applied to detection of spinal anomalies and surgical treatment.
Deaths related to alcohol continue to increase
Authors: Knopf Alison
Published: April 2023

The lead federal agencies on substanDuring the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic, alcohol‐related deaths rose. And they rose again during the second year, according to data released last week by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA).
Photocatalytic Valorization of Plastic Waste over Zinc Oxide Encapsulated in a Metal–Organic Framework
Authors: Qin Jibo , Dou Yibo , Zhou Jianchi , Candelario Victor M. , Andersen Henrik Rasmus , Hélix‐Nielsen Claus , Zhang Wenjing
Published: April 2023

The conversion of waste plastic into high‐value‐added chemicals is regarded as a promising approach for relieving global plastic pollution and contributing to the circular economy. Herein, a partial calcination strategy is developed to fabricate a zinc oxide/UiO66‐NH2 (ZnO/UiO66‐NH2) heterojunction, in which ZnO is encapsulated in porous UiO66‐NH2 for the photocatalytic valorization of plastic. This strategy preserves the framework structure of UiO66‐NH2, thus enabling the formation of ZnO with ultra‐small size distributed inside the skeleton. The synergistic effect of the obtained ZnO/UiO66‐NH2 heterojunction facilitates providing an efficient channel for carrier/mass transfer and guarantees structural stability. As a result, ZnO/UiO66‐NH2 exhibits high activity for converting polylactic acid (PLA) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) into acetic acid, coupled with H2 production. This work provides a feasible strategy for rationally designing heterojunction photocatalysts, as well as an insight into understanding the process of photocatalytic valorization of plastic.
Nacre‐Mimetic Nanocomposite Aerogels with Exceptional Mechanical Performance for Thermal Superinsulation at Extreme Conditions
Authors: Zhang Junyan , Zheng Junjie , Gao Mengyue , Xu Chengjian , Cheng Yanhua , Zhu Meifang
Published: April 2023

Thermal protection under extreme conditions requires materials with excellent thermal insulation properties and exceptional mechanical properties to withstand a variety of complex external stresses. Mesoporous silica aerogels are the most widely used insulation materials due to their ultralow thermal conductivity. However, they still suffer from mechanical fragility and structural instability in practical applications. Herein, a nacre‐mimetic nanocomposite aerogel, synthesized via in situ growth of inorganic minerals in a lamellar cellulose nanofibrous network, is reported. The multiscale structural adaptation of the inorganic–organic components endows nanocomposite aerogels with rapid configuration recovery during ambient pressure drying. The resulting aerogels show ultralow thermal conductivities (17.4 mW m−1 K−1 at 1.0 atm). These aerogels also integrate challenging mechanical properties, including high compressive stiffness to resist deformation under the pressure of an adult, superelasticity to prevent static and dynamic stress cracking even under the crushing of a vehicle (1.6 t), and high bending flexibility to adapt to any surface. Moreover, they exhibit excellent structural stability under fatigue stress/strain cycles over a wide temperature range (−196 to 200 °C). The combination of high thermal insulation performance and excellent mechanical properties offers a potential material system for robust thermal superinsulation under extreme conditions, especially for aerospace applications.
Long‐Cycle‐Life Sodium‐Ion Battery Fabrication via a Unique Chemical Bonding Interface Mechanism
Authors: Meng Weijia , Dang Zhenzhen , Li Diansen , Jiang Lei
Published: April 2023

Titanates have been widely reported as anode materials for sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs). However, their wide temperature suitability and cycle life remain fundamental issues that hinder their practical application. Herein, a novel hollow Na2Ti3O7 microsphere (H‐NTO) with a unique chemically bonded NTO/C(N) interface is reported. Theoretical calculations demonstrated that the NTO/C(N) interface stabilizes the crystal structure, and the optimized interface enables the H‐NTO anode to stably operate for 80 000 cycles in a conventional ester electrolyte with negligible capacity loss. Optimizing the electrolyte allows the H‐NTO electrode to cycle stably for 200 calendar days without capacity degradation at −40 °C. The excellent cycling stability is attributed to the NTO/C(N) interface and the stable solid electrolyte interphase formed by the highly adaptable electrolyte/electrode interface. Titanate exhibits solvent co‐intercalation behavior in ether‐based electrolytes, and its robust structure ensures that it can adapt to large volume changes at low temperatures. This study provides a unique perspective on the long‐cycle mechanism of titanate anodes and highlights the critical importance of manipulating the interfacial chemistry in SIBs, including the material and electrode/electrolyte interfaces.
NiSi: A New Venue for Antiferromagnetic Spintronics
Authors: Ghosh Pousali , Guo Jiasen , Ye Feng , Heitmann Thomas , Kelley Steven , Ernst Arthur , Dugaev Vitalii , Singh Deepak K.
Published: April 2023

Envisaging antiferromagnetic spintronics pivots on two key criteria of high transition temperature and tuning of underlying magnetic order using straightforward application of magnetic field or electric current. Here, it is shown that NiSi metal can provide suitable new platform in this quest. First, the study unveils high‐temperature antiferromagnetism in single‐crystal NiSi with Néel temperature, TN ⩾ 700 K. Antiferromagnetic order in NiSi is accompanied by non‐centrosymmetric magnetic character with small ferromagnetic component in the a–c plane. Second, it is found that NiSi manifests distinct magnetic and electronic hysteresis responses to field applications due to the disparity in two moment directions. While magnetic hysteresis is characterized by one‐step switching between ferromagnetic states of uncompensated moment, electronic behavior is ascribed to metamagnetic switching phenomena between non‐collinear spin configurations. Importantly, the switching behaviors persist to high temperature. The properties underscore the importance of NiSi in the pursuit of antiferromagnetic spintronics.