bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Empirical Network Structure of Malicious Programs
Authors: Musgrave John , Campan Alina , Messay-Kebede Temesguen , Kapp David , Ralescu Anca
Published: August 2022

A modern binary executable is made up of various networks. This study is an empirical 1
analysis of the networks composing malicious binaries from multiple samples and quantifies their 2
structural composition with network measurements. We demonstrate the presence of Scale-Free 3
properties for data dependency and control flow graphs, and show that data dependency graphs 4
have both Scale-Free and Small-World properties. We show that program data dependency graphs 5
have a degree correlation that is disassortative, and that control flow graphs have a neutral degree 6
assortativity. These network measurements provide a set of features for further classification tasks to 7
identify patterns of malicious programs.
Buffalo on the Edge: Factors affecting Historical Distribution and Restoration of Bison bison in the Western Cordillera, North America
Authors: Farr Jonathan James , White Clifford A.
Published: August 2022

The historic western edge of bison (Bison bison) range and the ecological processes that caused its formation are frequently debated with important implications for bison restoration in the Western Cordillera of North America. We test the hypothesis that a combination of bottom-up habitat suitability and top-down harvest pressure from Indigenous peoples were important processes in forming the western edge of bison distribution. Using 9,384 historical journal observations from 1691 – 1928, we employ MaxEnt ecological niche modelling to identify suitable bison habitat across the Western Cordillera from bottom-up climatic, land cover, and topographic factors. We then use mixed-effect logistic regression to test if bison occurrence in journal records can be explained by the abundance of Indigenous humans, wolves, or grizzly bears, in addition to MaxEnt-derived habitat suitability. We find support for our hypothesis based on the limited suitable habitat in the Rocky Mountains that likely prevented westward bison dispersal from core habitat, and the was a negative relationship between bison occurrence and human harvest pressure. On this basis, we propose that intensive human harvest from large Indigenous populations in the Western Cordillera, subsidized by other wildlife, salmon, and vegetation resources, is an underappreciated socioecological process that needs to be restored alongside bison populations. Co-managing bison with Indigenous people will also mitigate the adverse effects of overabundant bison and maximize the ecological and cultural benefits of bison restoration.
In Vivo Models for Prostate Cancer Research
Authors: Adamiecki Robert , Hryniewicz-Jankowska Anita , Ortiz Maria A. , Li Xiang , Porter-Hansen Baylee A , Nsouli Imad , Bratslavsky Gennady , Kotula Leszek
Published: August 2022

In 2022, prostate cancer (PCa) is estimated to be the most commonly diagnosed cancer in men in the United States – almost 270,000 American men are estimated to be diagnosed with PCa in 2022 [1]. This review compares and contrasts in vivo models of PCa with regards to the altered genes, signaling pathways, and stages of tumor progression associated with each model. The main type of model included in this review are genetically engineered mouse models, which include conditional and constitutive knockout model. 2D cell lines, 3D organoids and spheroids, xenografts and allografts, and patient derived models are also included. The major applications, advantages and disadvantages, and ease of use and cost are unique to each type of model, but they all make it easier to translate the tumor progression that is seen in the mouse prostate to the human prostate. Although both human and mouse prostates are androgen-dependent, the fact that the native, genetically unaltered prostate in mice cannot give rise to carcinoma is an especially critical component of PCa models. Thanks to the similarities between the mouse and human genome, our knowledge of PCa has been expanded, and will continue to do so, through models of PCa.
Does Adult Children’s Education Increase Parents Longevity in China?
Authors: Ma Yanna , Ma Zhanli , Yang Moqin
Published: August 2022

Background: Some developing countries, such as China, population is aging rapidly, meanwhile, the average years of schooling for residents is constantly increasing. However, the question of whether adult children’s education has an effect on the longevity of older parents, remains inadequately studied. Methods: This paper uses China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Survey (CHARLS) data to estimate the causal impact of adult children's education on their parents' longevity. Identification is achieved by using the truncated regression model and using historical education data as instrument variables for adult children’s education. Results: For every unit increase in adult children’s education, the father’s and mother’s longevity increased by 0.89 years and 0.75 years, respectively. Mechanism analysis shows that adult children's education has a significant positive impact on parents' emotional support, financial support and self-reported health. Further evidence shows that for every unit increase in adult children’s education, the father-in-law’s and mother-in-law’s longevity increased by 0.40 years and 0.46 years, respectively. Conclusions: It is conclusion that improving the level of adult children’s education can increase parents’ and parents-in-law’s longevity. Adult children’s education might contribute to the longevity of older parents by three channels that providing emotional, economic support and affecting parents’ health.
Intramolecular Isotope Analysis enables Multivariate Climate Reconstructions
Authors: Wieloch Thomas , Yu Jun , Schleucher Jürgen , Niittylä Totte
Published: August 2022

Paleoclimate information is key to understanding the climate system and predicting future climate. Currently, stable isotope analysis of whole molecules in tree rings is among the most advanced paleoclimate tools. Still, it only enables reconstructions of one climate parameter at a time (univariate climate reconstruction), a fundamental limitation. Here, we investigated whether this limitation can be overcome by analysing isotope variability at the level of intramolecular carbon positions in tree-ring glucose. We found that drought governs isotope variability at glucose C-1 to C-3, whereas radiation governs isotope variability at glucose C-5 to C-6. These isotope-climate relationships are statistically and mechanistically robust. According to cross-validation analysis, they can be reconstructed with high accuracy and precision. Thus, intramolecular isotope analysis enables multivariate climate reconstructions (proof of concept).
Critical Appraisal of Current Acute LBP Management and the Role of a Multimodal Approach
Authors: Hanna Magdi , Perrot Serge , Varrassi Giustino
Published: August 2022

Acute low back pain (LBP) stands as a leading cause of activity limitation and work absenteeism, and its associated healthcare expenditures are expected to become substantial when acute LBP develops into a chronic and even refractory condition. Therefore, early intervention is crucial to prevent progression to chronic pain whose management is particularly challenging and for which the most effective pharmacological therapy is still controversial. Current guideline treatment recommendations vary and are mostly driven by expertise with opinion differing across different interventions. Thus, it is difficult to formulate evidence-based guidance when relatively few randomized clinical trials did explore the diagnosis and management of LBP while employing different selection criteria, statistical analyses, and outcome measurements. This narrative review aims to provide a critical appraisal of current acute LBP management by discussing the unmet needs and areas of improvement from bench-to-bedside and proposes multimodal analgesia as the way forward to attain an effective and prolonged pain relief and functional recovery in patients with acute LBP.
Spectroscopy Study of Isothermal Spin State Switching in a Fe (II) Spin Crossover Molecular Thin Film
Authors: Yazdani Saeed , Collier Kourtney , Yang Grace , Phillips Jared , Dale Ashley , Grocki Samuel , Zhang Jian , Cheng Ruihua , Dowben Peter A.
Published: August 2022

Using optical characterization, it is evident that the spin state of the spin crossover molecular complex [Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] (pz = tris (pyrazol-1-1y)-borohydride, bipy = 2,2’-bipyridine) depends on the ferroelectric polarization of an adjacent thin film of the polymer ferroelectric polyvinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (PVDF-HFP). The UV-Vis spectroscopy reveals that room temperature switching of [Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] molecules in bilayers of PVDF-HFP/[Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] as a function of ferroelectric polar polarization. The electric polarity dependence of bilayers of PVDF-HFP/[Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] shows a strong dependence on the thickness of the PVDF-HFP layer. The PVDF-HFP/[Fe{H2B(pz)2}2(bipy)] interface may affect polarization retention in the PVDF-HFP thin film limit.
Metagenomics Next Generation Sequencing (mNGS): An Exciting Tool for Early and Accurate Diagnosing Plant Fungal Pathogens
Authors: Gökdemir F. Şeyma , İşeri Özlem D. , Sharma Abhishek , Achar Premila , Eyidoğan Füsun
Published: August 2022

Crop output is directly impacted by plant infections (with fungi as the major pathogen), making accurate diagnosis of these threats crucial. Developing technology and multidisciplinary approaches are turning to genomic analyses in addition to traditional culture methods in diagnosing fungal plant diseases. The metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) method is preferred for genotyping identification of organisms, identification at the species level, illumination of metabolic pathways, and determination of microbiota. Moreover, the data obtained so far show that this new approach shows promise as an emerging new trend in fungal disease detection. Another approach covered by mNGS technologies, known as metabarcoding, enables use of specific markers specific to a genetic region and allows for genotypic identification by facilitating the sequencing of certain regions. Although the core concept of mNGS remains constant across applications, the specific sequencing methods and bioinformatics tools used to analyze the data do differ. In this review, we focus on how mNGS technology, including metabarcoding, is applied in fungal pathogenesis and its promising developments for the future.
The Effect of chlorhexidine irrigation on root dentin microhardness in regenerative endodontics using double antibiotic paste
Authors: Abdelazeem Mohamed
Published: August 2022

Immature teeth with necrotic pulp represents a challenge in Endodontics management owing to thin fragile roots and blunderbuss apices . Clinically, multiple visit Apexification with calcium hydroxide or one visit Apexification with Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is preferred by clinicians however it has several disadvantages including long term period and increased root dentin brittleness, increasing risk of root fractureRoot canal irrigants and intra-canal medicaments used during Endodontic regeneration procedure may negatively affect the physical and mechanical properties of radicular dentin. Long term exposure of dental hard tissues to acidic antibiotics might cause demineralization and negatively affect their mechanical propertiesMatrix Metalloproteinases (MMPS) are proteinases that participate in the degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM).Chlorhexidine (CHX) is a potent Matrix Metalloproteinases (MMPS) inhibitor, may inhibit the catalytic activity of MMPs.CHX prevents and decreases the release of MMPs by its protein inhibition action (Proteinase inhibitor). Thus we can presume that the increase in the micro-hardness may be attributed to the better preservation of the collagen fibrils of the dentinal surface after treatment with two percent CHX.
General and Specific Quality of life in long-term oral cancer survivors reconstructed with free forearm flap.
Authors: Tofe-Povedano Alvaro , Herce-Lopez Javier , Rollon-Ugalde Virginia , Parras-Hernandez Julia , Tofe-Povedano Santiago , Rollon-Mayordomo Angel
Published: August 2022

Background: This study evaluates the general and specific quality of life (QoL) in oral cancer patients with more than 5 years of survival after initial surgery and reconstructed with Radial Forearm Free Flap (RFFF), comparing these results with a general population group, used as a reference.Methods: We used in our study the SF36 (Short Form 36), the UW (University of Washington) and the EORTC-H&N35 (European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer, Head and Neck 35) QoL questionnaires, self-administered to 30 oral cancer patients reconstructed with RFFF, and at least 5 years of cancer-free survival after surgery. Paired Student t test and Student t test to compare a sample with a theoretical value or Wilconxon test to compare a sample with a theoretical value, when indicated, were used to analyze the statistical significance, which was considered at a value of p<0.05.We applied the Minimum Important Difference (MID) to the difference of means between our patients and the general population. The difference of means was considered clinically relevant if it overcame the MID.Results: The SF-36 questionnaire in our patients yielded a better HRQL (Health Related Quality of Life), both statistically significant and clinically relevant in physical limitation and pain dimension, and statistically significant in emotional limitation dimension when compared to general population. At EORTC-H&N35 questionnaire, our patients presented clinically relevant negative differences and statistically significant scores in specific dimensions of the oral cavity. With UW questionnaire, anxiety dimension scored the best, with clinically and statistically significant differences versus general population. The other dimensions showed clinically and statistically significant worst results than general population.Conclusions: Our patient´s General QoL is similar or even better in some dimension than general population. However, most specific dimensions presented clinically and statistically worst results than general population.
New State of the Arctic Ocean’s Beaufort Gyre
Authors: Lin Peigen , Pickart Robert , Heorton Harry , Tsamados Michel , Itoh Motoyo , Kikuchi Takashi
Published: August 2022

The anti-cyclonic Beaufort Gyre is the dominant circulation of the Canada Basin and the largest freshwater reservoir in the Arctic Ocean. Using an extensive historical hydrographic dataset together with updated satellite dynamic ocean topography data, we find that the Beaufort Gyre has transitioned to a new state in which the increase in sea surface height of the gyre has slowed and the freshwater content has stabilized. In addition, the cold halocline layer has thinned significantly due to less input of cold and salty water stemming from the Pacific Ocean and the Chukchi Sea shelf, together with greater entrainment of lighter water from the eastern Beaufort Sea. The new state of the Beaufort Gyre is due to a southwestward shift in its location as a result of variation in the regional wind forcing. Our results imply that continued thinning of the cold halocline layer could disrupt the present stable state, allowing for a significant freshwater release. This in turn could freshen the subpolar North Atlantic, impacting the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation.
Stress Evaluation on Ecological Integrity of Selected Lotic Water Bodies
Authors: William Gulzaman , Qadir Abdul , Ullah Rizwan , Ali Muhammad Azhar
Published: August 2022

The water quality of the freshwater streams of Pakistan has been degraded with time. The present study aims to explore the water quality and ichthyofauna diversity from the lotic water bodies of the Sialkot. Ten sampling sites were evaluated for pollution levels and ichthyofauna of the Sialkot region. Physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total dissolved substance (TDS) were found to be disturbed. In addition, correlation analysis of water quality parameters was studied. The strongest positive correlation (1.0) was observed between alkalinity and bicarbonate. In contrast, a robust positive correlation (0.99) was observed between EC and TDS, whereas pH shows a moderate, weak negative (-0.30) correlation with EC, TDS, Alkalinity, and Bicarbonate, respectively. Moreover, a total of 22 fish species belonging to 10 families were studied and identified. The composition of the fish assemblage mainly belongs to the family Cyprinidae (41%), while the rests of the families contribute 59% to fish assemblage. Our results indicate that the amount of pollutants and overfishing by using pesticides and illegal mesh size is the main reason for reducing the fish population. During the current study, we found surface water quality of streams is being degraded day by day due to the accumulation of pollutants from industrial and domestic sewage waste. It is recommended that severe measures are needed to stop such water contamination, and regular monitoring should be undertaken to monitor the water quality in the study area.
Transumbilical gallbladder-preserving lithotomy via natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery: Retrospective 7-case series on patients with cholecystolithiasis
Authors: Yin Mengjie , Huang Pengyu , Guo Xianwen , Liang Yunxiao , Chen Songda , He Zhijun , Liang Liexin , Huang Zongshen , Zeng Yiqing , Nong Dingzhong
Published: August 2022

Background
Cholelithiasis is a common disease. It is worthy exploring the efficacy and safety of absorbable cllips in transumbilical gallbladder-preserving lithotomy via natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery.
Method
A retrospective analysis was performed on the clinical data of 7 patients undergoing transumbilical gallbladder-preserving lithotomy via natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery in Department of Gastroenterology, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region People's Hospital from August 2020 to August 2021.
Result
The 7 patients were successfully operated. The operation time was 121 ~ 275min. The intraoperative blood loss was 0 ~ 25ml. The number of absorbable clips used during the operation was 4 ~ 10. The closure time of gallbladder was 29 ~ 93min. The time of first anal exhaust or defecation after operation was 24 ~ 36h. Slight postoperative pain occurred in 2 cases, which could be relieved by themselves. The length of patient stay was 6 ~ 10 days. No postoperative fever occurred in all patients and no complications such as bile leakage and poor closure occurred during hospitalization. The gallbladder function of 7 patients was evaluated by ultrasound or CT during six months follow-up. Among them, 1 case was found residual stones and 1 case was found stone recurrence.
Conclusion
Transumbilical gallbladder-preserving lithotomy via natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery is safe and feasible. Besides, the use of absorbable clips in gallbladder incision is innovative and effective in clinical practice.
Analysis of CT signs, radiomic features and clinical characteristics for Delta Variant COVID-19 patients with different vaccination status
Authors: Wei Huanhuan , Tai Jianqing , Fu Fangfang , Lv Chuanjian , Guo Zhiping , Wu Yaping , Chen Lijuan , Bai Yan , Wu Qingxia , Yu Xuan , Mu Xinling , Shao Fengmin , Wang Meiyun
Published: August 2022

Objective To explore the characteristics of peripheral blood, high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) imaging and the radiomics signature (RadScore) in patients infected with delta variant virus under different coronavirus disease (COVID-19) vaccination status.Methods 123 patients with delta variant virus infection collected from November 1, 2021 to March 1, 2022 were analyzed retrospectively. According to COVID-19 vaccination Status, they were divided into three groups: Unvaccinated group, partially vaccinated group and full vaccination group. The peripheral blood, chest HRCT manifestations and RadScore of each group were analyzed and compared.Results The mean lymphocyte count 1.22 ± 0.49×10^9/L, CT score 7.29 ± 3.48, RadScore 0.75 ± 0.63 in the unvaccinated group; The mean lymphocyte count 1.55 ± 0.70×10^9/L, CT score 5.27 ± 2.72, RadScore 1.03 ± 0.46 in the partially vaccinated group; The mean lymphocyte count 1.87 ± 0.70×10^9/L, CT score 3.59 ± 3.14, RadScore 1.23 ± 0.29 in the fully vaccinated group. There were significant differences in lymphocyte count, CT score and RadScore among the three groups (all p < 0.05); Compared with the other two groups, the lung lesions in the unvaccinated group were more involved in multiple lobes, of which 26 cases involved the whole lung.Conclusions Through the analysis of clinical features, pulmonary imaging features and radiomics, we confirmed the positive effect of COVID-19 vaccine on pulmonary inflammatory symptoms and lymphocyte count (immune system) during delta mutant infection.
Design of High-Speed GNRFET Based Ternary Logic Circuits
Authors: BANOTHU JETYA , NAKHATE SANGEETA
Published: August 2022

Utilization of energy sifting to expand the exchanging execution of Graphene Nanoribbon Field-Effect Transistors (GNRFETs) is the main concern of this paper. For similar number of logic bits, multiple valued logic (MVL) be able to communicate a dramatically more prominent number of data than double rationale. Few excellent electromechanical possessions of the Graphene Nano Ribbon Field Effect Transistor (GNRFET), has capacity to control the threshold voltage. GNRFET is be exceptionally encouraging for planning MVL logic gates when contrasted with ordinary and other arising gadget advancements. One of the suggested approaches for accomplishing various voltage levels in the MVL circuit is to change the limit voltage. GNRFET is utilized to show the plan of fundamental ternary logic gates like inverters, TNAND and TNOR. A correlation of GNRFET-established on ternary logic gates and circuits with them in view of exemplary CMOS and GNRFET innovation be situated in utilizing delay, total power and power delay- product (PDP) like measurements. The proposed analysis is done with the assistance of the H-SPICE tool and a GNRFET 16nm model. With proposed design average percent reduction in delay 2%, 6% and 6% for STI, TNAND and TNOR design respectively, this tends to enhancement of the speed of Ternary logic Circuits.
A randomised control trial to compare clinical and cost-effectiveness of an on-line parent-led treatment for child anxiety problems with usual care in the context of COVID-19 delivered in Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) in the UK (Co-CAT): A study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Taylor Lucy , Giles Sophie , Howitt Sophie , Ryan Zoe , Brooks Emma , Radley Lucy , Thompson Abigail , Whitaker Emily , Knight Fauzia , Hill Claire , Violato Mara , Waite Polly , Raymont Vanessa , Yu Ly-Mee , Harris Victoria , Williams Nicola , Creswell Cathy
Published: August 2022

• Background:In the context of COVID-19, NHS Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services (CAMHS) and other children’s mental health services have faced major challenges in providing psychological treatments that (i) work when delivered remotely, and (ii) can be delivered efficiently to manage increases in referrals as social distancing measures have been relaxed. Anxiety problems are a common reason for referral to CAMHS, children with pre-existing anxiety problems are particularly vulnerable in the context of COVID-19, and there were concerns about increases in childhood anxiety as schools reopened. The proposed research will evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of a brief online parent-led cognitive behavioural treatment (CBT) delivered by the OSI (Online Support and Intervention for child anxiety) platform with remote support from a CAMHS therapist compared to 'COVID-19 treatment as usual’ (C-TAU) in CAMHS and other children’s mental health services throughout the COVID-19 pandemic.• Methods:We will conduct a two arm, multi-site, randomised controlled non-inferiority trial to evaluate the clinical and cost-effectiveness of OSI with therapist support compared to CAMHS and other child mental health services 'COVID-19 treatment as usual' (C-TAU) during the COVID-19 outbreak and to explore parent and therapists' experiences.• Discussion:If non-inferiority is shown, the research will provide:1) a solution for efficient psychological treatment for child anxiety disorders while social distancing (for the COVID-19 context and future pandemics); 2) an efficient means of treatment delivery as ‘normal service’ resumes to enable CAMHS to cope with the anticipated increase in referrals; as well as 3) a demonstration of rapid, high quality evaluation and application of online interventions within NHS CAMHS to drive forward much-needed further digital innovation and evaluation in CAMHS settings. The primary beneficiaries will be children with anxiety disorders and their families, NHS CAMHS teams, and commissioners who will access a potentially effective, cost-effective, and efficient treatment for child anxiety problems.• Trial registration: This trial was registered prospectively on the ISRCTN: ISRCTN12890382 (date of registration 23/10/2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN12890382
Sarcasm Relation to Time: Sarcasm Detection with Temporal Features and Deep Learning
Authors: Razali Md Saifullah , Halin Alfian Abdul , Chow Yang-Wai , Norowi Noris Mohd , Doraisamy Shyamala
Published: August 2022

This paper discusses a framework used to detect sarcasm in relation to time. It uses a set of deep learning extracted features (deep features) combined with a set of handcrafted features. The results of the experiments are positive in terms of Accuracy, Precision, Recall and F1-measure. The combination of features is classified using a few machine learning techniques for comparison purposes. Logistic Regression is found to be the best classification algorithm for this task with an accuracy of 89%. Furthermore, result comparison to recent works and the performance of each feature set are also shown as additional information.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Yam (Dioscorea species) from Western Ethiopia as revealed by simple sequence repeat markers
Authors: Korsa Fekadu , Feyissa Tileye , Dessalegn Obssi , Mekonnen Tilahun
Published: August 2022

Background: Yam (Dioscorea species) is one of the most significant staples tuber crops in Ethiopia. However, few studies of genetic diversity have been conducted for Ethiopian yam germplasm accessions. Therefore, the present study was targeted to assess the genetic diversity and population structure of yams in Ethiopia using SSR markers.Results: A total of 118 yam genotypes representing five populations collected from four zones in western Ethiopia were assessed using ten SSR markers. A total of 92 alleles with an overall mean of 9.2 per locus were detected. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon–Weaver diversity index (I) were 0.88 and 2.13, respectively. All the SSR markers were polymorphic and highly informative, with an overall mean polymorphic information content (PIC) of 0.87. The overall mean expected heterozygosity (He) and percentage of polymorphic loci within populations were 0.73 and 98, respectively. The highest within-population expected heterozygosity was recorded for yam populations of West and East Wollega. It was observed that landrace populations of Ethiopian Dioscorea species are more diverse than the released variety. A statistically highly significant moderate genetic differentiation (PhiPT=0.100, p <0.0001) was observed, as revealed by AMOVA. Most of the total genetic variation (91%) accounted for the within-population variation, leaving only 9% for the among-populations genetic variation. The neighbor-joining cluster analysis, PCoA, and population structure analysis failed to sharply separate the yam genotypes according to their geographical origins and breeding materials. STRUCTURE analysis based on the Bayesian model weakly inferred two subgroups (K=2), confirming the high potential of genetic admixtures and close relationships among the studied yam genotypes, likely due to the presence of high gene flow (NM= 2.39).Conclusions: The present study generated baseline genetic diversity information that was useful for yam breeders to improve desired agronomic traits through breeding and for designing appropriate conservation strategies. Finally, rapid genetic erosion is occurring in the released variety ‘Bulcha’. Thus, breeders are recommended to broaden the genetic base of Bulcha varieties by crossing them with yam landraces through artificial hybridization.
Nanowire melting modes during the Solid-Liquid Phase Transition: Theory and Molecular Dynamics Simulations
Authors: Ridings Kannan M. , Hendy Shaun C.
Published: August 2022

Molecular dynamics simulations have shown that after initial surface melting, nanowires can melt via two mechanisms: an
interface front moves towards the wire centre; the growth of instabilities at the interface can cause the solid to pinch-off and
breakup. By perturbing a capillary fluctuation model describing the interface kinetics, we show when each mechanism is
preferred and compare the results to molecular dynamics simulation. A Plateau-Rayleigh-type of instability is found and
suggests longer nanowires will melt via an instability mechanism, whereas in shorter nanowires the melting front will move
closer to the centre before the solid pinch-off can initiate. Simulations support this theory; preferred modes that destabilise the
interface are proportional to the wire length, with longer nanowires preferring to pinch-off and melt; shorter wires have a more
stable interface close to their melting temperature, and prefer to melt via an interface front that moves towards the wire centre.
A novel step-scheme WS2/BiYWO6 heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic degradation performance towards the degradation of organic pollutant
Authors: Bavani Thirungnanam , Sasikala Parthasarathy , Arumugam Swaminathan , Malathi Arumugam , Praserthdam Piyasan , Madhavan Jagannathan
Published: August 2022

Constructing S-scheme heterojunction between two semiconductor materials is an effective route to increase the photocatalytic degradation efficiency. Here, a novel S-scheme WS2/BiYWO6 heterojunction photocatalyst was prepared by wet chemical route. At the same time, the photocatalytic degradation performance of the fabricated materials was analyzed by the degradation of Rhodamine B under visible light. Of all prepared WS2/BiYWO6 composites, the 20 wt. % WS2 loaded WS2/BiYWO6 composite exhibited an enhanced photocatalytic degradation ability than other prepared photocatalysts. Here, O2.− and .OH radicals are performing a pivotal role in the Rhodamine B degradation and the optimized composite shows 1.06- and 1.119-times greater photocurrent intensity than pure BiYWO6 and WS2 respectively. Also, the synthesized photocatalyst maintains its stability with negligible changes even after three cycles. Thereby, the constructed S-scheme WS2/BiYWO6 heterojunction is a potential material for the wastewater remediation.
Neural network-based adaptive reliable control for nonlinear Markov jump systems against actuator attacks
Authors: Zhang Junye , Liu Zhen , Jiang Baoping
Published: August 2022

In this paper, the reliable control problem for a type of uncertain Markov jump systems (MJSs) subjected to actuator failures (AFs), malicious attacks (MAs) and partially unknown transition rates (PUTRs) is under consideration. Since the MAs usually appear as unknown nonlinear signals, the adaptive neural network (ANN) and sliding mode control (SMC) method are introduced for eliminating them in this work. Aiming at tackling the actuator partial failures, a new sliding mode controller is developed to compensate for the faults and further confirm that the system trajectory can be moved onto the devised sliding mode surface (SMS) in finite time and remain the expected performance, in the light of the ANN technique. Subsequently, the analysis process of stochastic stability of the sliding motion is carried out under the case of uncertain PUTRs. Finally, the F-404 aircraft engine model as a simulation example of the investigated system is selected to verify the feasibility of the design method.
Clinical Characteristics and Outcome of Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas Secondary to Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis: a primary or secondary event？
Authors: Huang Xiaoqin , Shen Huixin , Fan Chenqiu , Chen Jian , Meng Ran
Published: August 2022

Background
The Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas (DAVFs) secondary to cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) are rather rare. The aim of present study is to investigate the clinical and radiological features, and treatment outcome of DAVFS in patients following CVST.
Methods
Data about demographic information, clinical presentations, radiological findings, as well as treatment and outcome of DAVFs sequence to CVST were collected to analysis from January 2013 to September 2020 in this retrospective study.
Results
Fifteen patients with DAVFs after CVST were included in the study. The median age was 41 years (range17-76 years). Ten patients (66.67%) were male and 6 patients (33.33%) were female. The median duration of presenting CVST was 182 days (Range 20–365). Mean time from diagnosis of CVST to confirmation of DAVFs was 97 days (range 36–370 days). The most common manifestations of DAVFs following CVST were headache and visual disturbance seen in 7 patients respectively. Five patients had pulsatile tinnitus (%) and 2 had nausea/vomiting. The DAVFs are most frequently located at the transverse/sigmoid sinus (7/15, 46.67%), followed by the superior sagittal the sinus and confluence sinus (6/15, 40.00%) respectively. Angiography of DAVFs revealed Board type I in seven (46.7%) patients, Board type II and III in 4(26.7%) patients, respectively. The Cognard I was noted in seven (46.7%), Cognard IIa and IV in 3 patients, IIb and III in one patient, respectively. The main feeding arteries of DAVFs most commonly originate from the branches of the external carotid artery in 6 (40.0%) patients. The other DAVFs are conjointly supplied by multiple feeders from internal and external carotid artery and vertebral arteries. Fourteen (93.33%) patients were treated with endovascular embolization and none of the patients had permanent deficits during follow-up.
Conclusions
Intracranial DAVFs following CVST are rare presentations. Most patients have a good outcome after timely interventional therapy. Continued observation and follow-up of (DSA) are important to find DAVFs secondary to CVST.
Implementation of hyperspectral imaging in a trauma resuscitation room – a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Katzenschlager Stephan , Dietrich Maximilian , Peterstorfer Franziska , Manten Katharina , Forst Maik von der , Behnisch Rouven , Leowardi Christine , Studier-Fischer Alexander , Nickel Felix , Weigand Markus A. , Weilbacher Frank , Popp Erik
Published: August 2022

Background: Hyperspectral imaging (HSI) is a novel imaging technology with the ability to assess microcirculatory impairment. We aimed to assess feasibility of performing HSI, a noninvasive, contactless method to assess microcirculatory alterations, during trauma resuscitation care.Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in a dedicated trauma resuscitation room of a level one trauma center. We included adult patients who were admitted to the trauma resuscitation room. Patients were allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the HSI group (intervention) or control group. In addition to the standard of care, patients in the intervention group had two hyperspectral recordings (HSR) of their hand palm taken. Primary outcomes were the treatment duration of the primary survey (until end of ABCDE-evaluation, ultrasound and evaluation by the trauma team) and the total resuscitation room care (until transport to definitive care) as well as the ability to perform measurements from all HSR. Secondary outcomes were analyses from the intervention group compared to HSI measurements of 25 healthy volunteers including an analysis based on the ISS (Injury severity score) (<16 vs. ≥16). Care givers, and those assessing the outcomes were blinded to group assignment.Results: Our final analysis included 51 patients, with 25 and 26 allocated to the control and intervention group, respectively. There was a statistically significant shorter median duration of the primary survey in the control group (03:22min [Q1 to Q3 03:00 to 03:51]) compared to the intervention group (03:59min [Q1 to Q3 03:29 to 04:35]) with a difference of -37 seconds (95% CI -66 to -12). Total resuscitation room care was longer in the control group, but without significance: 60 seconds (95% CI -60 to 180). From 52 HSI, we were able to perform hyperspectral measurements on all images, with significant differences between injured patients and healthy volunteers.Conclusion: HSI proved to be feasible during resuscitation room care and can provide valuable information on the microcirculatory state. Trial registration: DRKS DRKS00024047 – www.drks.de. Registered on 13th April 2021
Evaluation of the Antibacterial Activity of Dental Adhesive Containing Biocompatible Silver Nanoparticles Decorated Nano Graphene Oxide Nanocomposites (Ag@nGO NCs) and Its Effect on Bond Strength to Dentine
Authors: ARSLAN Soley , EKRİKAYA Semiha , ILDIZ Nilay , YUSUFBEYOĞLU Sadi , ÖÇSOY İsmail
Published: August 2022

Aim
The purpose of our study was to evaluate the antibacterial activities and dentin bond strengths of silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) and silver nano-graphene oxide nanocomposites (Ag@nGO NCs) produced by green and chemical synthesis method added to dental adhesive.
Methods
Ag NPs were produced by green synthesis (B-Ag NPs) and chemical synthesis methods (C-Ag NPs) and deposited on nGO (nano-graphene oxide). Ag NPs and Ag@nGO NCs (0.05% w/w) were added to primer and bond (Clearfil SE Bond). Group 1: control, Group 2: nGO, Group 3: B-Ag NPs, Group 4: B-Ag@nGO NCs, Group 5: C-Ag NPs, Group 6: C-Ag@nGO NCs. S. Mutans live/dead assay analysis, MTT metabolic activity test, agar disc diffusion test, lactic acid production and colony forming units (CFUs) tests were performed. Bond strength values were determined by microtensile test. Failure types were determined by evaluating with SEM. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA and two-way ANOVA (p < 0.05).
Results
There was a difference between the groups in the viable bacteria ratio and lactic acid production tests (p < 0.05). When the inhibition zone and S. Mutans CFUs were evaluated, there was no difference between Group 3 and Group 4 (p > 0.05), but there was a difference between the other groups (p < 0.05). When metabolic activity of S. Mutans was evaluated, there was a difference between Group 1 and other groups, and between Group 2 and Group 5 and Group 6 (p < 0.05). There was no difference between the groups in the microtensile bond strength values (p > 0.05).
Conclusion
Adhesives containing B-Ag NPs and B-Ag@nGO NCs provided sufficient antibacterial activity and did not reduce bond strength values.
Clinical Significance:
The addition of biocompatible B-Ag NPs and B-Ag@nGO NCs to the adhesive system increased the antibacterial effect by maintaining the bond strength of the adhesive. Antibacterial adhesives can increase the restoration life by protecting the tooth-adhesive interface.
Genetic variability predicting breeding potential of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) for high temperature tolerance
Authors: Farooq Amjad , Shakeel Amir , Saeed Asif , Farooq Jehanzeb , Rizwan Muhammad , Chattha Waqas Shafqat , Sarwar Ghulam , Ramzan Yasir
Published: August 2022

Background
High temperature stress at peak flowering stage of cotton is a major hindrance for crop productivity. This study aimed to increase genetic divergence regarding heat tolerance in newly developed cultivars and hybrids. The fifty cotton genotypes and 40F1 were tested under field conditions following the treatments viz., high temperature stress and control at peak flowering stage during August and October under April and June sowing, respectively.
Results
The means squares revealed significant differences among genotypes, treatments, genotype×treatment for relative cell injury, chlorophyll contents, canopy temperature, boll retention and seed cotton yield. The genetic diversity among 50 genotypes was analyzed through cluster analysis and heat susceptibility index (HSI). Based on HSI and cluster analysis eight tolerant genotypes (FH-Noor, NIAB-545, FH-466, FH-Lalazar, FH-458, NIAB-878, IR-NIBGE-8 and Weal-AG-Shahkar) and five sensitive (CIM-602, Silky-3, FH-326, SLH-12 and FH-442) were selected for hybridization. The breeding material, 40F1 and 13 parents evaluated following line×tester design. Higher specific combining ability variances with dominance variances determined the non-additive gene action for all the traits. The best general combining ability effects for most of the traits were displayed by lines FH-Lalazar, NIAB-878 along with testers FH-326 and SILKY-3. Specific combining ability effects and better-parent heterosis were showed by crosses FH-Lalazar×SILKY-3, FH-Lalazar×FH-326, NIAB-878×SILKY-3 and NIAB-878×FH-326 for seed cotton yield and yield contributing traits under high temperature stress.
Conclusion
Consequently, heterosis breeding for non-additive type of gene action, may utilize the potential parents in different cross combinations to develop high temperature tolerance in local cotton cultivars and hybrids for improving seed cotton yield .
Job Stressors and Job Satisfaction in Taiwanese Nursing Assistants
Authors: Chiang Wen-Jen , Rosalind Pritchard , Chen Hsiao-Yu
Published: August 2022

Background: The purpose of the study was to explore the job stress and job satisfaction of nursing assistants (NAs) in Taiwan. The research took place in a public hospital where NAs were supplied by a contracting agency that tendered every two years for the business of supplying personnel. The performance of the NAs was appraised every month, with the results being subsequently reported to the contractor and to hospital administrators. The NAs had to tackle a wide range of complex tasks, resulting in a heavy workload with high pressure. They were paid 30,000 Taiwanese Dollars per month (about 836 GBP). Lack of employment protection sometimes resulted in high turnover rates with concomitant difficulty in recruiting new workers. Methods: This study adopted a cross-sectional research design and used the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire in conjunction with the Chinese variant of the Job Content Questionnaire to explore the relationship between job satisfaction and job stressors of NAs. A total of 172 valid questionnaires were received, with an effective response rate of 89%; 84% of the respondents were female, and 71% of the sample possessed more than 6 years of professional experience. The data were statistically analyzed including SPSS For Windows 20.0, independent sample t-tests, and regression analysis to calculate the correlation between job stressors and job satisfaction. Results: Respondents’ level of intrinsic, extrinsic and general satisfaction was enhanced by “skill discretion” (i.e., job creativity), work autonomy and social support from management and colleagues. The nursing assistants in this study had relatively low job stress and high job satisfaction. Conclusions: Despite some encouraging findings, the unstable working environment of NAs constitutes a hidden worry for the development of long-term care in Taiwan. Social support is crucial to satisfaction; on-the-job training, and work in interdisciplinary teams, would help establish sustainable professional development; and a career path with promotion opportunities would further increase job satisfaction. Trial Registration: not applicable though ethical approval was granted for implementation of the study.
Imaging genetic association analysis of triple-negative breast cancer based on the integration of prior sample information
Authors: Ning Shipeng , Pan You , Ji Yinan , Huang Rong , Yang Huawei , Huang Qinghua
Published: August 2022

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is one of the more aggressive subtypes of breast cancer. The prognosis of TNBC patients remains low. Therefore, there is still a need to continue identifying novel biomarkers to improve the prognosis and treatment of TNBC patients. Research in recent years has shown that the effective use and integration of information in genomic data and image data will contribute to the prediction and prognosis of diseases. Considering that imaging genetics can deeply study the influence of microscopic genetic variation on disease phenotype, this paper proposes a sample prior information-induced multidimensional combined non-negative matrix factorization (SPID-MDJNMF) algorithm to integrate the Whole- solid image (WSI), mRNAs expression data, and miRNAs expression data. The algorithm effectively fuses high-dimensional data of three modalities through various constraints. In addition, this paper constructs an undirected graph between samples, uses an adjacency matrix to constrain the similarity, and embeds the clinical stage information of patients in the algorithm so that the algorithm can identify the co-expression patterns of samples with different labels. We performed univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis on the mRNAs and miRNAs in the screened co-expression modules to construct a TNBC-related prognostic model. Finally, we constructed prognostic models for 2-mRNAs (IL12RB2 and CNIH2) and 2-miRNAs (miR-203a-3p and miR-148b-3p), respectively. The prognostic model can predict the survival time of TNBC patients with high accuracy. In conclusion, our proposed SPID-MDJNMF algorithm can efficiently integrate image and genomic data. Furthermore, we evaluated the prognostic value of mRNAs and miRNAs screened by the SPID-MDJNMF algorithm in TNBC, which may provide promising targets for the prognosis of TNBC patients.
Psychological distress and desire for professional support in gynecological cancer patients in an outpatient university setting
Authors: Rudolph Katharina , Brambs Christine E , Kiechle Marion , Nest Alexandra , Pichler Theresia , Paepke Daniela
Published: August 2022

Purpose Psychological distress affects many cancer patients; however, gynecological cancer patients face unique challenges. We therefore assessed the level of psychological distress and desire for psychosocial support as well as potential determinants of distress levels in 355 gynecological cancer outpatients.Methods Psychological distress was assessed by analyzing data from routine distress screening using the 10-item self-reporting Questionnaire on Stress in Cancer Patients – short form (QSC-R10). A question regarding their desire for psychosocial support was added. First time screenings completed from 11/2013 to 04/2018 were included (N = 355). We investigated prevalences regarding elevated distress and desire for support. Additionally, a multiple linear regression analysis regarding determinants of distress was calculated.Results At the time of data collection, 39.5% showed elevated levels of psychological distress. Overall, 9.9% indicated a desire for support. 7.1% of the patients with little or no distress indicated a desire for support, whereas 18.2% did so of patients with high distress. Younger age, shorter illness duration, a desire for support and progression of disease were significant determinants regarding elevated distress.Conclusion Regarding distress, particular attention needs to be payed to younger cancer patients, those with shorter illness duration or disease progression and patients expressing a subjective need for support. Distressed patients are more likely to express a desire for support; however, some objectively less distressed patients also indicated that desire. Future investigations should explore ways to improve psychosocial care offers for patients in need and focus on the discrepancy between normative and subjective needs for psychosocial support.