bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Tensile properties of flexible composites with knitted reinforcements from various yarn materials
Authors: Schwaiger Markus , Roeper (Röper) Florian , Wolfahrt Markus , Taesler Johannes , Schirmer Heiko , Salzmann Moritz , Feuchter Michael , Resch‐Fauster Katharina
Published: November 2023

The tensile behavior of a flexible epoxy resin reinforced with knitted reinforcements from various fiber materials was comprehensively studied in the wale and course direction. By measuring dry yarns, temperature‐treated yarns, dry knitted fabrics and flexible composites, the effect of the fiber material and the knitted fabric on the tensile properties was analyzed. The interlock knit structure strongly affected the deformation behavior of the flexible composites which differed significantly from the dry knitted fabrics. The deformation behavior of the flexible composites was monitored using digital image correlation which revealed the formation of cracks and high local strain differences in the course direction for all fiber materials. This was linked to fiber‐matrix debonding by scanning electron microscope observations. In the wale direction, the deformation of the knitted structure under tensile load led to plastic deformation of the matrix material. Overall, with yarns from recycled thermoplastic fibers, a higher maximum stress and strain at break was achieved compared to bio‐based fibers. However, irreversible damage occurred for all fiber materials at similar strain values.

Highlights

Tensile tests on yarns, knitted fabrics and flexible composites.

Investigation of the effect of fiber material on mechanical properties.

High local strain differences in composites due to knitted structure.

Fiber‐matrix debonding in course direction.

Plastic deformation of the matrix material in the wale direction.
Cardiovascular adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors
Authors: Yuan Fangzheng , Lenneman Carrie , Krone Ronald , Williams Grant R. , Outlaw Darryl , Katsnelson Michael , Lirette Stephen
Published: November 2023

Background

Vascular endothelial growth factor inhibitors, including tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) and anti‐angiogenics, are first‐line therapies for advanced and metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma. Although TKIs have a greater potential for off‐target adverse effects compared with bevacizumab (anti‐angiogenics), a direct comparison of the risk of cardiovascular adverse events between these two types of therapies has not been performed.

Objective

To compare the incidence of and characterize cardiovascular adverse events in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma receiving TKIs versus bevacizumab.

Methods

This cohort study included adult patients with hepatocellular carcinoma who received first‐line TKIs (sorafenib or lenvatinib) or bevacizumab at two academic medical centers and one community cancer center from September 2018 to August 2021. The primary outcome was risk of cardiovascular adverse events. Major secondary outcomes included the incidence of individual types of cardiovascular adverse events and risk factors associated with major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE).

Results

The study included 221 patients (159 TKI patients; 62 bevacizumab patients). At a median follow‐up of 5 months, the probability of cardiovascular adverse events was not significantly different between the two groups (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.85; 95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.58–1.24; p = 0.390). The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events was highest in patients receiving lenvatinib (sub‐distribution hazard ratio [SHR]: 1.53; 95% CI: 1.02–2.30) compared with those receiving sorafenib (reference) or bevacizumab (SHR: 1.05; 95% CI: 0.68–1.64) after adjustment for comorbidities, liver transplant status, and presence of portal vein thrombosis at baseline. Cardiovascular adverse events were observed in 151 (68%) patients, and MACE were observed in 27 (12%) patients. Risk factors associated with MACE were hypertension (SHR: 3.5; 95% CI: 0.9087–15.83; p = 0.086), prior history of MACE (SHR: 2.01; 95% CI: 0.83–4.87; p = 0.124), and tobacco use (SHR: 2.85; 95% CI: 0.90–8.97; p = 0.074).

Conclusions

Cardiovascular risk was not significantly different between TKIs and bevacizumab. Lenvatinib appears to have the highest risk of cardiovascular adverse events among these first‐line VEGF inhibitors.
Safeguarding strategies in athletes with intellectual disabilities: A narrative review
Authors: Raum George , Chowdhary Kuntal , Glotfelty‐Scheuering Olivia A. , Stratton Catherine S. M. , Tuakli‐Wosornu Yetsa A.
Published: November 2023

Compared to their non‐disabled peers, athletes with disabilities are at an increased risk of interpersonal violence in sport. Athletes with intellectual disabilities specifically may face compounded risk due to impaired communication and social challenges. Despite the inherent risk of interpersonal violence in athletes with intellectual disabilities, there is a paucity of literature focused on safeguarding strategies in this population, and no global consensus prevention guidelines exist. The goal of this review was to synthesize the literature on interpersonal violence in athletes with intellectual disabilities and propose an evidence‐informed safeguarding framework. Future research and practice should emphasize tailored training on appropriate athlete‐protection strategies and ways to recognize and respond to suspicions of abuse in this population. Given the benefits of sports participation for persons with intellectual disabilities, implementation of fit‐for‐purpose safeguarding strategies would help address any elevated risk of interpersonal violence. Formal monitoring and evaluation of these initiatives can help minimize interpersonal violence.
Cumulative information generating function and generalized Gini functions
Authors: Capaldo Marco , Di Crescenzo Antonio , Meoli Alessandra
Published: November 2023

We introduce and study the cumulative information generating function, which provides a unifying mathematical tool suitable to deal with classical and fractional entropies based on the cumulative distribution function and on the survival function. Specifically, after establishing its main properties and some bounds, we show that it is a variability measure itself that extends the Gini mean semi-difference. We also provide (i) an extension of such a measure, based on distortion functions, and (ii) a weighted version based on a mixture distribution. Furthermore, we explore some connections with the reliability of k-out-of-n systems and with stress–strength models for multi-component systems. Also, we address the problem of extending the cumulative information generating function to higher dimensions.
Physical properties of copper oxide nano-composite incorporated PVP/chitosan blend matrix by casting method
Authors: Abdelrazek E. M. , Elzayat Asmaa M. , Elbana A. A. , Awad W. M.
Published: November 2023

Nanocomposite blend films were prepared by a simple casting method. Polyvinyl propylene (PVP) and chitosan (PVP/chitosan) were used as a based material. Different CuO nanoparticles concentrations were added to a specific blend film concentration of PVP/chitosan (80/20). The mechanism of the interaction between the blend and the nanoparticles was studied by different characterization techniques. The structure modification was confirmed by X-ray diffraction pattern due to the addition of the nanoparticles, in addition, the complexation and the miscibility between the nanoparticles and the blended composite was confirmed by UV–Vis spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is by the appearance of new peaks in the spectrum. The band gap computation and optical characteristics show that the addition of the nanoparticles decreases the crystallinity of the nanocomposites system. The findings show that the surface morphology checked by scanning electron microscopy shape and swelling rate behavior are affected by the integration of CuO nanoparticles into the polymer blend matrix. From all the results, this work has a great interest in wide bioapplications such as wound healing and food packing.
Calibration and validation of solar radiation-based equations to estimate crop evapotranspiration in a semi-arid climate
Authors: Nikolaou Georgios , Neocleous Damianos , Manes Antonio , Kitta Evangelini
Published: November 2023

The Abtew and Jensen-Haise solar radiation-based equations were used to estimate evapotranspiration, considering the limited climatic data in many locations. Both equations were proven to successfully predict the potential evapotranspiration (ETO) compared with the standard Penman–Monteith (PM) method in two Mediterranean countries. Calibration of the constant coefficient k of the Abtew equation showed substantial differences compared to recommended values (1.22 vs. 0.53), with the highest values observed during September (1.46). Validation of ETO measurements using calibrated Abtew equation against the PM method indicated a high correlation coefficient (r2 = 0.97, RMSE = 0.61). Further, evapotranspiration requirements, using the calibrated empirical equation, were calculated for olives (449 mm) and citrus (807 mm) showing a good agreement with recommended values for dry climate regions. Therefore, the tested equations could be safely used to predict frequencies and doses of irrigation in semi-arid climates, considering limited climatic data availability.
Die Geschichte der Psychosomatik in Österreich
Authors: Scheer Peter J.
Published: November 2023

Der Medizin und ihrer Vorgängerin, der Religion, sind leib-seelische Zusammenhänge seit jeher bekannt. Die Erörterungen zu Diagnose und Therapie der Lepra in der hebräischen Bibel sind sowohl phänomenologisch, also auf das Leibliche sowie den Verlauf und die Heilung der Krankheit ausgerichtet, als auch auf die angenommene Verursachung der Seuche durch die „böse Zunge“ – das Gerücht. Heilungen durch den Geist durchziehen auch neutestamentliche Berichte. Der Glaube heilt aussichtslos Kranke. Ein Lepröser wird durch Jesu Wirken geheilt. Die Heilung durch das säkuläre Gespräch in der modernen Medizin ist eine jüdische Erfindung. Sie fand am Beginn des 20. Jahrhunderts in Wien statt. Der Arzt Sigmund Freud erfand die Psychoanalyse zuerst als Behandlung der Hysterie, jedoch wurde von ihm und seinen Kollegen auch eine Vielfalt an Krankheiten mit der neuen Methode behandelt. Die neuzeitliche, besonders die österreichische Geschichte der Psychosomatik wird vom Verfasser teils als „Zeitzeuge“ berichtet. Einst als „junges Talent“ 1977 am Kongress der österreichischen Gesellschaft für Kinderheilkunde mit wenig Wissen und viel Selbstbewusstsein als Referent einer juvenilen Obstipation aufgetreten, hat er bei Emigranten der 1. Blüte der Psychoanalyse lernen dürfen und deren Erinnerungen erfahren. Referierend ist Weglassen Pflicht. Jede Erinnerung ist eine Geschichte, die für den Moment konstruiert wird. So sind auch die subjektiven Erinnerungen in dieser Serie. Daher ist jede andere Erinnerung und jeder andere Bericht vielleicht ähnlich wahrhaftig. Hier ist der erste Teil der fünfteiligen Serie zur Geschichte der Psychosomatik in Österreich. Die vier Teile sind: 1. die (Wieder‑)Erfindung der leib-seelischen Zusammenhänge durch die Psychoanalyse im fin de siècle – Sándor von Ferenczi; 2. die stürmische Entwicklung in Wien zwischen den Weltkriegen – Minderwertigkeit der Organe als Prinzip – Alfred Adlers; 3. während des Zweiten Weltkriegs: Exil und das M. H. Göring-Institut; 4. die Entwicklung nach dem 2. Weltkrieg: Erwin Ringels psychosomatische Station, Hans Zimprich als Pionier der Kinderpsychosomatik; 5. der Beitrag der Grazer Kinderpsychosomatik mit der Einbeziehung der gesamten Kinder- und Jugendzeit ab dem Säuglingsalter.
The Implications of the COVID-19 Pandemic for the Construction of the Family Affluence Scale: Findings from 16 Countries
Authors: Boer Maartje , Moreno-Maldonado Concepción , Dierckens Maxim , Lenzi Michela , Currie Candace , Residori Caroline , Bosáková Lucia , Berchialla Paola , Eida Tamsyn , Stevens Gonneke
Published: November 2023

The Family Affluence Scale (FAS) is a widely used and validated instrument to measure adolescents’ socioeconomic status (SES). It is plausible that the COVID-19 pandemic and resulting social and economic changes have affected the capacity of the six-item FAS-III to measure adolescent SES, particularly the holiday and computer items. Using data from 247,503 adolescents from 16 European countries participating in the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study before (2013/14 and 2017/18) and during (2021/22) the pandemic, the present study aims to fill this gap. Findings showed that although the internal consistency of the scale decreased during the pandemic, related to the functioning of the computer and especially the holiday item, it was still acceptable in all countries. Furthermore, measurement invariance analysis showed that during the pandemic the item thresholds of the computer and particularly the holiday item deviated from the thresholds of these items before the pandemic. However, all item factor loadings were comparable to the factor loadings before the pandemic. In addition, during the pandemic the computer and holiday item and their correlations with health-related outcomes were mostly still in the expected direction. Removing these items from the scale yielded comparable or decreased scale criterion validity as compared to the original FAS-III scale in most countries. These findings inform future research that although mean differences in family affluence levels before and during the pandemic should be interpreted with caution, it is a suitable tool to study (changes in) socioeconomic health inequalities among adolescents during the pandemic.
ARAP1 negatively regulates stress fibers formation and metastasis in lung adenocarcinoma via controlling Rho signaling
Authors: Zhang Zhengzheng , Xie Wenran , Gong Bojiang , Liang Xue , Yu Hongjia , Yu Yanwen , Dong Zhixiong , Shao Fanggui
Published: November 2023

Small GTPases regulate multiple important cellular behaviors and their activities are strictly controlled by a mass of regulators. The dysfunction or abnormal expression of small GTPases or their regulators was frequently observed in various cancers. Here, we analyzed the expression and prognostic correlation of several GTPases and related regulators based on the TCGA database and found that Ankyrin Repeat and PH Domain 1 (ARAP1), a GTPase activating protein (GAP), is reduced in lung adenocarcinoma tissues compared to normal tissues and displays a positive correlation with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) of patients with lung adenocarcinoma. qPCR and western blot verified that ARAP1 is frequently downregulated in lung adenocarcinoma tumor tissues and cancer cells, and its downregulation might be mediated by epigenetic modification. Moreover, metastatic assays showed that overexpression of ARAP1 significantly inhibits metastasis of lung adenocarcinoma in vitro and in vivo. We further demonstrated that Rho signaling inhibition, mediated by RhoGAP activity of ARAP1, majorly contributes to suppressing migration and invasion of lung adenocarcinoma cancer cells via inhibiting stress fibers formation. In summary, this study indicates that ARAP1 may serve as a potential prognostic predictor and a metastatic suppressor in lung adenocarcinoma via its RhoGAP activity.
A comprehensive review on the chemical constituents, sesquiterpenoid biosynthesis and biological activities of Sarcandra glabra
Authors: Chu Jin-Ning , Krishnan Premanand , Lim Kuan-Hon
Published: November 2023

Sarcandra glabra (Thunb.) Nakai is a perennial evergreen herb categorised within the Sarcandra Gardner genus under the Chloranthaceae family. Indigenous to tropical and subtropical regions of East Asia and India, this species is extensively distributed across China, particularly in the southern regions (Sichuan, Yunnan, and Jiangxi). In addition to its high ornamental value, S. glabra has a rich history of use in traditional Chinese medicine, evident through its empirical prescriptions for various ailments like pneumonia, dysentery, fractures, bruises, numbness, amenorrhea, rheumatism, and other diseases. Besides, modern pharmacological studies have revealed various biological activities, such as antitumour, anti-bacterial, anti-viral anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory effects. The diverse chemical constituents of S. glabra have fascinated natural product researchers since the 1900s. To date, over 400 compounds including terpenoids, coumarins, lignans, flavonoids, sterols, anthraquinones, organic acids, and organic esters have been isolated and characterised, some featuring unprecedented structures. This review comprehensively examines the current understanding of S. glabra’s phytochemistry and pharmacology, with emphasis on the chemistry and biosynthesis of its unique chemotaxonomic marker, the lindenane-type sesquiterpenoids.

Graphical Abstract
China Anti-Cancer Association (CACA) guidelines for holistic integrative management of lymphoma (version 2022)
Authors: Zhang Qingyuan , Feng Jifeng , Wang Huaqing , Huang Huiqiang , Zhang Huilai , Li Xiaoqiu , Gao Yuhuan , Song Yongping , Li Zhiming , Bai Ou , Cao Junning , Zhou Hui , Gu Kangsheng , Zhao Shu , Zhao Wenhui , Qin Yan , Li Yajun , Ma Guangyu , Wen Shujuan , Wang Yu , Zhao Peiqi , Guo Wei , Lv Fangfang , Tian Yuyang , Chen Xinrui , Xie Zucheng , Shi Yuankai ,   Lymphoma Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association
Published: November 2023

Purpose

Lymphoma has become a major threat to human health. Fortunately, the diagnosis and treatment of lymphoma have developed rapidly, and research progress has emerged in an endless stream, with new drugs emerging one after another. These results are constantly rewriting guidelines changing clinical practice, need to be popularized and applied more widely.

Methods

This guideline has integrated consensuses reached by the Lymphoma Committee of China Anti-Cancer Association (CACA), based on China's practice, tracking previous results of the most advanced clinical researches, absorbing the latest clinical evidence, and referring to domestic and international lymphoma guidelines.

Results

This holistic integrative guideline of lymphoma introduces the latest progress in the diagnosis and treatment of different subtypes of lymphoma, guide the clinical application of new drugs, standardized and precise management for lymphoma patients.

Conclusions

CACA guidelines for holistic integrative management of lymphoma (version 2022) enhance standardization and precision of the management for lymphoma patients in China.
A Perspective on the 2023 Cholera Outbreaks in Zimbabwe: Implications, Response Strategies, and Policy Recommendations
Authors: Olatunji Gbolahan , Kokori Emmanuel , Moradeyo Abdulrahmon , Olatunji Doyin , Ajibola Folake , Otolorin Oluwaseun , Aderinto Nicholas
Published: November 2023

Cholera continues to severely threaten public health, particularly in regions with inadequate access to clean water and sanitation. Zimbabwe, a southern African nation, has witnessed recurrent cholera outbreaks, highlighting the enduring vulnerabilities faced by communities grappling with these underlying challenges. The 2023 cholera outbreak in Chegutu resulted in a devastating impact, with approximately 100 reported deaths and nearly 5000 confirmed and suspected cases. Beyond its immediate health consequences, the outbreak has strained the already fragile healthcare system, exacerbated issues of malnutrition, and disrupted education, particularly affecting vulnerable populations. The Zimbabwean government, non-governmental organisations (NGOs), and international agencies have initiated comprehensive efforts to combat the outbreak, encompassing medical treatment, surveillance, public health measures, infrastructure improvement, and community empowerment. Policy recommendations and future directions are discussed, emphasising risk communication, stakeholder engagement, standardisation, evaluation, resource allocation, and capacity-building to bolster prevention and control measures.
Introduction to Intelligent Systems, Control, and Machine Learning using MATLAB
Authors: Schoen Marco P.
Published: November 2023

Dive into the foundations of intelligent systems, machine learning, and control with this hands-on, project-based introductory textbook. Precise, clear introductions to core topics in fuzzy logic, neural networks, optimization, deep learning, and machine learning, avoid the use of complex mathematical proofs, and are supported by over 70 examples. Modular chapters built around a consistent learning framework enable tailored course offerings to suit different learning paths. Over 180 open-ended review questions support self-review and class discussion, over 120 end-of-chapter problems cement student understanding, and over 20 hands-on Arduino assignments connect theory to practice, supported by downloadable Matlab and Simulink code. Comprehensive appendices review the fundamentals of modern control, and contain practical information on implementing hands-on assignments using Matlab, Simulink, and Arduino. Accompanied by solutions for instructors, this is the ideal guide for senior undergraduate and graduate engineering students, and professional engineers, looking for an engaging and practical introduction to the field.
Recent Tangible Natural Variability of Monsoonal Orographic Rainfall in the Eastern Himalayas
Authors: Kad Pratik , Ha Kyung‐Ja
Published: November 2023

Himalayas hydroclimate is a lifeline for South Asia's most densely populated region. Every year, flooding in the Himalayan rivers is usual during summer monsoon, which impacts millions of inhabitants of the Himalayas and downstream regions. Recent studies demonstrate the role of melting glaciers and snow in the context of global warming, along with monsoonal rain causing recurrent floods. Here, we highlight the natural variability in the eastern Himalayan hydroclimate over the last 43 years (1979–2021). We found extreme monsoonal rainy years with six dry years and seven wet years after removing the climate change signal. Monsoon rainfall is a significant contributor, and melting snow is not a potential contributor to these anomalous extreme years. The variability of Himalayan monsoonal rainfall is strongly regulated by local monsoonal Hadley circulation associated with tropical sea surface temperature. Our findings demonstrate mechanisms associated with Himalayan wet and dry monsoon. Atmospheric dynamics are attributed as the primary modulating factor, influencing local thermodynamics through moist processes. The insights provided in this study underscore the impact of natural variability‐driven challenging events that could be predictable. Thus, this mechanism could improve the predictability of the Himalayas floods.
A Typical Weakly Forced Mountain‐To‐Plain Extreme Precipitation Event Exacerbated by Urbanization in Beijing
Authors: He Yuting , Wang Jun , Feng Jinming
Published: November 2023

The rainstorms that initiate over mountains, propagate to, and suddenly intensify in nearby plains pose great challenges for weather forecasters and the public. Being in a mountain‐plain transition zone, the city of Beijing is prone to rainfall extremes induced by weakly forced mountain‐to‐plain storms. Despite efforts to understand their possible mechanisms, it remains unclear whether and how these mountain‐to‐plain precipitation extremes are affected by urbanization in Beijing. Here we use a high‐resolution weather prediction model to hindcast a weakly forced mountain‐to‐plain extreme rainfall event impacting Beijing on 23 June 2011. We incorporate spatially varying urban canopy parameters into the model to assess their effect on rainfall simulation and find no significant improvement in model performance. By comparing simulations under current and pre‐urbanization scenarios, we find that urbanization intensifies the regional average rainfall within Beijing's Sixth Ring Road by ∼23%, with an increase in peak hourly rainfall rate reaching 27 mm hr−1. The higher surface roughness and enhanced vertical motions in urban areas facilitate the transport of warm and humid air from lower to mid‐upper layers, fueling the development and maintenance of convective storms. The dragging effect of urban canopy leads to more moisture accumulation and slower‐moving convections, resulting in more rainfall falling in urban areas. Our study underscores the key role of local urbanization in shaping the mountain‐to‐plain rainstorms in Beijing, which may help improve the forecast capacity for these weather extremes and related urban resilience planning.
Nanoengineered, Pd-doped Co@C nanoparticles as an effective electrocatalyst for OER in alkaline seawater electrolysis
Authors: Ghouri Zafar Khan , Hughes David James , Ahmed Khalid , Elsaid Khaled , Nasef Mohamed Mahmoud , Badreldin Ahmed , Abdel-Wahab Ahmed
Published: November 2023

Water electrolysis is considered one of the major sources of green hydrogen as the fuel of the future. However, due to limited freshwater resources, more interest has been geared toward seawater electrolysis for hydrogen production. The development of effective and selective electrocatalysts from earth-abundant elements for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) as the bottleneck for seawater electrolysis is highly desirable. This work introduces novel Pd-doped Co nanoparticles encapsulated in graphite carbon shell electrode (Pd-doped CoNPs@C shell) as a highly active OER electrocatalyst towards alkaline seawater oxidation, which outperforms the state-of-the-art catalyst, RuO2. Significantly, Pd-doped CoNPs@C shell electrode exhibiting low OER overpotential of ≈213, ≈372, and ≈ 429 mV at 10, 50, and 100 mA/cm2, respectively together with a small Tafel slope of ≈ 120 mV/dec than pure Co@C and Pd@C electrode in alkaline seawater media. The high catalytic activity at the aforementioned current density reveals decent selectivity, thus obviating the evolution of chloride reaction (CER), i.e., ∼490 mV, as competitive to the OER. Results indicated that Pd-doped Co nanoparticles encapsulated in graphite carbon shell (Pd-doped CoNPs@C electrode) could be a very promising candidate for seawater electrolysis.
Combination of tumor asphericity and an extracellular matrix-related prognostic gene signature in non-small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Zschaeck Sebastian , Klinger Bertram , van den Hoff Jörg , Cegla Paulina , Apostolova Ivayla , Kreissl Michael C. , Cholewiński Witold , Kukuk Emily , Strobel Helen , Amthauer Holger , Blüthgen Nils , Zips Daniel , Hofheinz Frank
Published: November 2023

One important aim of precision oncology is a personalized treatment of patients. This can be achieved by various biomarkers, especially imaging parameters and gene expression signatures are commonly used. So far, combination approaches are sparse. The aim of the study was to independently validate the prognostic value of the novel positron emission tomography (PET) parameter tumor asphericity (ASP) in non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and to investigate associations between published gene expression profiles and ASP. This was a retrospective evaluation of PET imaging and gene expression data from three public databases and two institutional datasets. The whole cohort comprised 253 NSCLC patients, all treated with curative intent surgery. Clinical parameters, standard PET parameters and ASP were evaluated in all patients. Additional gene expression data were available for 120 patients. Univariate Cox regression and Kaplan–Meier analysis was performed for the primary endpoint progression-free survival (PFS) and additional endpoints. Furthermore, multivariate cox regression testing was performed including clinically significant parameters, ASP, and the extracellular matrix-related prognostic gene signature (EPPI). In the whole cohort, a significant association with PFS was observed for ASP (p < 0.001) and EPPI (p = 0.012). Upon multivariate testing, EPPI remained significantly associated with PFS (p = 0.018) in the subgroup of patients with additional gene expression data, while ASP was significantly associated with PFS in the whole cohort (p = 0.012). In stage II patients, ASP was significantly associated with PFS (p = 0.009), and a previously published cutoff value for ASP (19.5%) was successfully validated (p = 0.008). In patients with additional gene expression data, EPPI showed a significant association with PFS, too (p = 0.033). The exploratory combination of ASP and EPPI showed that the combinatory approach has potential to further improve patient stratification compared to the use of only one parameter. We report the first successful validation of EPPI and ASP in stage II NSCLC patients. The combination of both parameters seems to be a very promising approach for improvement of risk stratification in a group of patients with urgent need for a more personalized treatment approach.
Performance of hybrid Innegra-carbon fiber composites
Authors: Vaidya Uday , Thattaiparthasarthy Balaji , Janney Mark , Mauhar Mark , Graham Keith , Cates Elizabeth
Published: November 2023

In this work material synergy with high stiffness carbon fiber with ductile high strength polypropylene fiber (Innegra S), (referred to as Innegra, herein) have been evaluated in a range of laminate designs. Both woven and discontinuous carbon fiber have been considered. The discontinuous fibers are based on three-dimensional deposition (3DEP) (referred to as 3DEP, herein) carbon fiber preform process. Eleven (11) variants of Innegra-carbon fiber hybrid laminates were investigated for tensile, flexure, compression, in-plane shear and low velocity impact response. The effect of position of Innegra within the laminate was studied and found to influence strength and stiffness properties. In terms of overall trends, Innegra provides upward of 18% improvement in strain (ductility) to the composite and eliminates brittle fracture of carbon fiber. The moduli trends follow the proportionality of Innegra fiber to carbon fiber plies. However, the strength is controlled by the interface between Innegra and carbon fiber. The primary failure mode in tension and compression is via onset of debonding between Innegra and carbon fiber. The 3DEP carbon fiber constituents provided highest values of in-plane shear indicating that three-dimensional (3D) network of carbon fiber provides higher shear resistance. The Innegra intensive variants exhibited superior energy absorption under low velocity impact, at energy levels 15–60 J. This work provides insight for designers to incorporate Innegra and carbon fiber hybrids in composite structures.
Spatial correlation network structure of energy-environment efficiency and its driving factors: a case study of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration
Authors: Liu Shucheng , Yuan Jie
Published: November 2023

Improving energy-environment efficiency is not only a requirement for constructing China’s ecological civilization but also inevitable for achieving sustainable economic and social development. Studies on energy-environment efficiency based on relational data and network perspectives are limited, which hinders the development of collaborative regional emission reduction activities. This study uses the SBM-Undesirable model to measure the energy-environment efficiency of the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration from 2010 to 2020, adopts a modified gravity model and social network analysis to reveal the structural characteristics of its spatial correlation network, and explores its driving factors through the QAP method. The study found (1) an overall upward trend in energy-environment efficiency but with problems of uneven development. (2) The spatial correlation of energy-environment efficiency shows a complex network structure, with increasing network correlation and strong network stability; the network can be divided into four plates: net benefit, net overflow, two-way spillover, and agent. (3) Differences in industrial structure, environmental regulation, economic development, and technological innovation significantly impact the formation of spatial correlation network of energy-environment efficiency. This study provides a reference for the construction of a cross-regional synergistic mechanism to improve energy-environment efficiency.
Synthesis and electrochemical properties of nanocubes Mn2SnS3 for high-performance supercapacitors
Authors: Sanayee Mona , Arvand Majid
Published: November 2023

Exploring environment-friendly active material-electrolyte combinations has become increasingly necessary with the rising use of supercapacitors. In this study, the potential of ternary Mn2SnS3 on Ni foam as an electrode material was considered. The study investigated the impact of precursors on the morphology of the prepared electrodes utilizing techniques such as X-ray diffraction, energy dispersive X-ray analysis, field-emission scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy. Nanocubes Mn2SnS3 (NC-MTS) and nanoworms Mn2SnS3 (NW-MTS) were synthesized via a facile solvothermal route. The results suggest that NC-MTS exhibits better capacitive performance compared with NW-MTS, which means that morphology has a significant effect on the electrochemical reaction. NC-MTS presents excellent supercapacitor performances with a high specific capacity of about 2115 F g−1 at current density 2 A g−1, excellent rate capability of 78% at 17 A g−1 and excellent cycling stability 92% capacitance retention after 3000 GCD cycles. Whereas, NW-MTS illustrated a specific capacity of about 853 F g−1 at current density 2 A g−1, rate capability of 50% at 17 A g−1 and cycling stability of 81% capacitance retention after 3000 GCD cycles. Additionally, an asymmetric supercapacitor NC-MTS/NF//AC based on the NC-MTS/NF as a positive electrode and activated carbon (AC) as a negative electrode was successfully constructed with the excellent electrochemical performance, which demonstrated a high energy density of 60.56 Wh kg−1 and a high power density of 699.89 W kg−1.
In vivo marker of brainstem myelin is associated to quantitative sleep parameters in healthy young men
Authors: Talwar Puneet , Deantoni Michele , Van Egroo Maxime , Muto Vincenzo , Chylinski Daphne , Koshmanova Ekaterina , Jaspar Mathieu , Meyer Christelle , Degueldre Christian , Berthomier Christian , Luxen André , Salmon Eric , Collette Fabienne , Dijk D.-J. , Schmidt Christina , Phillips Christophe , Maquet Pierre , Sherif Siya , Vandewalle Gilles
Published: November 2023

The regional integrity of brain subcortical structures has been implicated in sleep–wake regulation, however, their associations with sleep parameters remain largely unexplored. Here, we assessed association between quantitative Magnetic Resonance Imaging (qMRI)-derived marker of the myelin content of the brainstem and the variability in the sleep electrophysiology in a large sample of 18-to-31 years healthy young men (N = 321; ~ 22 years). Separate Generalized Additive Model for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS) revealed that sleep onset latency and slow wave energy were significantly associated with MTsat estimates in the brainstem (pcorrected ≤ 0.03), with overall higher MTsat value associated with values reflecting better sleep quality. The association changed with age, however (MTsat-by-age interaction—pcorrected ≤ 0.03), with higher MTsat value linked to better values in the two sleep metrics in the younger individuals of our sample aged ~ 18 to 20 years. Similar associations were detected across different parts of the brainstem (pcorrected ≤ 0.03), suggesting that the overall maturation and integrity of the brainstem was associated with both sleep metrics. Our results suggest that myelination of the brainstem nuclei essential to regulation of sleep is associated with inter-individual differences in sleep characteristics during early adulthood. They may have implications for sleep disorders or neurological diseases related to myelin.
Identification of bladder cancer subtypes and predictive model for prognosis, immune features, and immunotherapy based on neutrophil extracellular trap-related genes
Authors: Guo Changhong , Li Peiying , Guo Xingkui , Wang Xinfen , Liu Bo , Cui Liang
Published: November 2023

Bladder cancer is the most common malignant tumor of urinary system, and its morbidity and mortality are increasing rapidly. Although great advances have been made in medical technology in recent years, there is still a lack of effective prognostic and therapeutic methods for bladder cancer. NETs are reticulated DNA structures decorated with various protein substances released extracellularly by neutrophils stimulated by strong signals. Recently, it has been found that NETs are closely related to the growth, metastasis and drug resistance of many types of cancers. However, up to now, the research on the relationship between NETs and bladder cancer is still not enough. In this study, we aimed to conduct a comprehensive analysis of NRGs in bladder cancer tissues to evaluate the relationship between NRGs and prognosis prediction and sensitivity to therapy in patients with bladder cancer. We scored NRGs in each tissue by using ssGSEA, and selected gene sets that were significantly associated with NRGs scores by using the WCGNA algorithm. Based on the expression profiles of NRGs-related genes, NMF clustering analysis was performed to identify different BLCA molecular subtypes. For the differentially expressed genes between subtypes, we used univariate COX regression, LASSO regression and multivariate COX regression to further construct a hierarchical model of BLCA patients containing 10 genes. This model and the nomogram based on this model can accurately predict the prognosis of BLCA patients in multiple datasets. Besides, BLCA patients classified based on this model differ greatly in their sensitivity to immunotherapy and targeted therapies, which providing a reference for individualized treatment of patients with bladder cancer.
Low sodium availability in hydroponically manipulated host plants promotes cannibalism in a lepidopteran herbivore
Authors: Santiago-Rosario Luis Y. , Salgado Ana L. , Paredes-Burneo Diego , Harms Kyle E.
Published: November 2023

As an abundant element in the Earth’s crust, sodium plays an unusual role in food webs. Its availability in terrestrial environments is highly variable, but it is nonessential for most plants, yet essential for animals and most decomposers. Accordingly, sodium requirements are important drivers of various animal behavioural patterns and performance levels. To specifically test whether sodium limitation increases cannibalism in a gregarious lepidopteran herbivore, we hydroponically manipulated Helianthus annuus host plants' tissue-sodium concentrations. Gregarious larvae of the bordered patch butterfly, Chlosyne lacinia, cannibalized siblings when plant-tissue sodium concentrations were low in two separate experiments. Although cannibalism was almost non-existent when sodium concentrations were high, individual mortality rates were also high. Sodium concentration in host plants can have pronounced effects on herbivore behaviour, individual-level performance, and population demographics, all of which are important for understanding the ecology and evolution of plant-animal interactions across a heterogeneous phytochemical landscape.
Application of machine learning models in the capacity prediction of RCFST columns
Authors: Megahed Khaled , Mahmoud Nabil Said , Abd-Rabou Saad Elden Mostafa
Published: November 2023

Rectangular concrete-filled steel tubular (RCFST) columns are widely used in structural engineering due to their excellent load-carrying capacity and ductility. However, existing design equations often yield different design results for the same column properties, leading to uncertainty for engineering designers. Furthermore, basic regression analysis fails to precisely forecast the complicated relation between the column properties and its compressive strength. To overcome these challenges, this study suggests two machine learning (ML) models, including the Gaussian process (GPR) and the extreme gradient boosting model (XGBoost). These models employ a range of input variables, such as the geometric and material properties of RCFST columns, to estimate their strength. The models are trained and evaluated based on two datasets consisting of 958 axially loaded RCFST columns and 405 eccentrically loaded RCFST columns. In addition, a unitless output variable, termed the strength index, is introduced to enhance model performance. From evolution metrics, the GPR model emerged as the most accurate and reliable model, with nearly 99% of specimens with less than 20% error. In addition, the prediction results of ML models were compared with the predictions of two existing standard codes and different ML studies. The results indicated that the developed ML models achieved notable enhancement in prediction accuracy. In addition, the Shapley additive interpretation (SHAP) technique is employed for feature analysis. The feature analysis results reveal that the column length and load end-eccentricity parameters negatively impact compressive strength.
A single-center experience on long-term clinical performance of a rapid SARS-CoV-2 Antigen Detection Test, STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test
Authors: Kim Seo Wan , Park Yongjung , Kim Dokyun , Jeong Seok Hoon
Published: November 2023

The COVID-19 pandemic in Korea has dynamically changed with the occurrence of more easily transmissible variants. A rapid and reliable diagnostic tool for detection of SARS-CoV-2 is needed. While RT-PCR is currently the gold standard for detecting SARS-CoV-2, the procedure is time-consuming and requires expert technicians. The rapid antigen detection test (RADT) was approved as a confirmatory test on 14 March 2022 due to rapid dissemination of the Omicron variant. The benefits of the RADT are speed, simplicity, and point-of-care feasibility. The aim of our study was to evaluate the clinical performance of RADT compared to RT-PCR in a single center over 15 months, fully covering the SARS-CoV-2 ‘Variants of Concern (VOC).’ A total of 14,194 cases was simultaneously tested by RT-PCR and RADT from January 2021 to March 2022 in Gangnam Severance Hospital and were retrospectively reviewed. PowerChek SARS-CoV-2, Influenza A&B Multiplex Real-time PCR Kit, and STANDARD Q COVID-19 Ag Test were used. Positive rates, sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPV), and negative predictive values (NPV) were estimated for five periods (3 months/period). Receiver operator characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was performed, and Spearman’s rank test assessed the correlation between RT-PCR Ct values and semi-quantitative RADT results. The overall positive rate of RT-PCR was 4.64%. The overall sensitivity and specificity were 0.577 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.539–0.614] and 0.991 [95% CI 0.989–0.993], respectively. ROC analysis resulted in an area under the curve of 0.786 (P < 0.0001, Yuden’s index = 0.568). The PCR positive rates were estimated as 0.11%, 0.71%, 4.51%, 2.02%, and 13.72%, and PPV was estimated as 0.045, 0.421, 0.951, 0.720, and 0.798 in Periods 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5, respectively. A significant and moderate negative correlation between PCR Ct values and semi-quantitative RADT results was observed (Spearman’s ρ = − 0.646, P < 0.0001). The RADT exhibited good performance in specimens with low Ct values (Ct ≤ 25.00) by RT-PCR. The PPV was significantly higher in Periods 3 and 5, which corresponds to rapid dissemination of the Delta and Omicron variants. The high PPV implies that individuals with a positive RADT result are very likely infected with SARS-CoV-2 and would require prompt quarantine rather than additional RT-PCR testing. The sensitivity of 0.577 indicates that RADT should not replace RT-PCR. Nonetheless, given the high PPV and the ability to track infected persons through rapid results, our findings suggest that RADT could play a significant role in control strategies for further SARS-CoV-2 variants.
Multilevel and subnational analysis of the predictors of maternity continuum of care completion in Nigeria: a cross-sectional survey
Authors: Oyedele Oyewole K.
Published: November 2023

Understanding population discrepancy in maternity continuum of care (CoC) completion, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa is significant for interventional plan to achieve optimal pregnancy outcome and child survival. This study thus investigated the magnitudes, distribution, and drivers of maternity CoC completion in Nigeria. A secondary analysis of 19,474 reproductive age (15–49 years) women with at least a birth (level 1) in 1400 communities (level 2) across 37 states covered in the 2018 cross-sectional survey. Stepwise regression initially identified important variables at 10% cutoff point. Multilevel analysis was performed to determine the likelihood and significance of individual and community factors. Intra-cluster correlation assessed the degree of clustering and deviance statistics identified the optimal model. Only 6.5% of the women completed the CoC. Completion rate is significantly different between communities “4.3% in urban and 2.2% in rural” (χ2 = 392.42, p < 0.001) and was higher in southern subnational than the north. Education (AOR = 1.61, 95% CI 1.20–2.16), wealth (AOR = 1.73, 95% CI 1.35–2.46), media exposure (AOR = 1.22, 95% CI 1.06–1.40), women deciding own health (AOR = 1.37, 95% CI 1.13–1.66), taking iron drug (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.35) and at least 2 dose of tetanus-toxoid vaccine during pregnancy (AOR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.02–1.78) are associated individual factors. Rural residency (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI = 1.43–2.35), region (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.35) and rural population proportion (AOR = 1.84, 95% CI 1.43–2.35) are community predictors of the CoC completion. About 63.2% of the total variation in CoC completion was explained by the community predictors. Magnitude of maternity CoC completion is generally low and below the recommended level in Nigeria. Completion rate in urban is twice rural and more likely in the southern than northern subnational. Women residence and region are harmful and beneficial community drivers respectively. Strengthening women health autonomy, sensitization, and education programs particularly in the rural north are essential to curtail the community disparity and optimize maternity CoC practice.
Reversible transformation of sub-nanometer Ga-based clusters to isolated [4]Ga(4Si) sites creates active centers for propane dehydrogenation
Authors: Chen Zixuan , Serykh Alexander I. , Kierzkowska Agnieszka , Gajan David , Docherty Scott R. , Yakimov Alexander V. , Abdala Paula M. , Copéret Christophe , Florian Pierre , Fedorov Alexey , Müller Christoph R.
Published: November 2023

This work describes how a propane dehydrogenation catalyst with isolated [4]Ga(4Si) sites can be prepared from silica-supported sub-nm gallia clusters containing [4]Ga(Ga) and [6]Ga(Ga) sites.
Strain hardening in biaxially stretched elastomers undergoing strain-induced crystallization
Authors: Hiraiwa Soichiro , Mai Thanh-Tam , Tsunoda Katsuhiko , Urayama Kenji
Published: November 2023

Pronounced strain hardening due to partial crystallization in natural rubber induced by unequal biaxial stretching is observed using geometrically tailored sheet specimens, measured with a bespoke biaxial tensile tester.