bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prediction of coating thickness for polyelectrolyte multilayers via machine learning
Authors: Gribova Varvara , Navalikhina Anastasiia , Lysenko Oleksandr , Calligaro Cynthia , Lebaudy Eloïse , Deiber Lucie , Senger Bernard , Lavalle Philippe , Vrana Nihal Engin
Published: September 2021

Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition method of polyelectrolytes is a versatile way of developing functional nanoscale coatings. Even though the mechanisms of LbL film development are well-established, currently there are no predictive models that can link film components with their final properties. The current health crisis has shown the importance of accelerated development of biomedical solutions such as antiviral coatings, and the implementation of machine learning methodologies for coating development can enable achieving this. In this work, using literature data and newly generated experimental results, we first analyzed the relative impact of 23 coating parameters on the coating thickness. Next, a predictive model has been developed using aforementioned parameters and molecular descriptors of polymers from the DeepChem library. Model performance was limited because of insufficient number of data points in the training set, due to the scarce availability of data in the literature. Despite this limitation, we demonstrate, for the first time, utilization of machine learning for prediction of LbL coating properties. It can decrease the time necessary to obtain functional coating with desired properties, as well as decrease experimental costs and enable the fast first response to crisis situations (such as pandemics) where coatings can positively contribute. Besides coating thickness, which was selected as an output value in this study, machine learning approach can be potentially used to predict functional properties of multilayer coatings, e.g. biocompatibility, cell adhesive, antibacterial, antiviral or anti-inflammatory properties.
Hypothalamic structural integrity and temporal complexity of cortical information processing at rest in migraine without aura patients between attacks
Authors: Porcaro Camillo , Di Renzo Antonio , Tinelli Emanuele , Di Lorenzo Giorgio , Seri Stefano , Di Lorenzo Cherubino , Parisi Vincenzo , Caramia Francesca , Fiorelli Marco , Di Piero Vittorio , Pierelli Francesco , Coppola Gianluca
Published: September 2021

The hypothalamus has been attributed an important role during the premonitory phase of a migraine attack. Less is known about the role played by the hypothalamus in the interictal period and its relationship with the putative neurocognitive networks previously identified in the pathophysiology of migraine. Our aim was to test whether the hypothalamic microstructure would be altered during the interictal period and whether this co-existed with aberrant connectivity at cortical level. We collected multimodal MRI data from 20 untreated patients with migraine without aura between attacks (MO) and 20 healthy controls (HC) and studied fractional anisotropy, mean (MD), radial (RD), and axial diffusivity of the hypothalamus ROI as a whole from diffusion tensor imaging (DTI). Moreover, we performed an exploratory analysis of the same DTI metrics separately for the anterior and posterior hypothalamic ROIs bilaterally. From resting-state functional MRI, we estimated the Higuchi’s fractal dimension (FD), an index of temporal complexity sensible to describe non-periodic patterns characterizing BOLD signature. Finally, we correlated neuroimaging findings with migraine clinical features. In comparison to HC, MO had significantly higher MD, AD, and RD values within the hypothalamus. These findings were confirmed also in the exploratory analysis on the sub-regions of the hypothalamus bilaterally, with the addition of lower FA values on the posterior ROIs. Patients showed higher FD values within the salience network (SN) and the cerebellum, and lower FD values within the primary visual (PV) network compared to HC. We found a positive correlation between cerebellar and SN FD values and severity of migraine. Our findings of hypothalamic abnormalities between migraine attacks may form part of the neuroanatomical substrate that predisposes the onset of the prodromal phase and, therefore, the initiation of an attack. The peculiar fractal dimensionality we found in PV, SN, and cerebellum may be interpreted as an expression of abnormal efficiency demand of brain networks devoted to the integration of sensory, emotional, and cognitive information related to the severity of migraine.
A machine learning interpretation of the contribution of foliar fungicides to soybean yield in the north‐central United States
Authors: Shah Denis A. , Butts Thomas R. , Mourtzinis Spyridon , Rattalino Edreira Juan I. , Grassini Patricio , Conley Shawn P. , Esker Paul D.
Published: September 2021

Foliar fungicide usage in soybeans in the north-central United States increased steadily over the past two decades. An agronomically-interpretable machine learning framework was used to understand the importance of foliar fungicides relative to other factors associated with realized soybean yields, as reported by growers surveyed from 2014 to 2016. A database of 2738 spatially referenced fields (of which 30% had been sprayed with foliar fungicides) was fit to a random forest model explaining soybean yield. Latitude (a proxy for unmeasured agronomic factors) and sowing date were the two most important factors associated with yield. Foliar fungicides ranked 7th out of 20 factors in terms of relative importance. Pairwise interactions between latitude, sowing date and foliar fungicide use indicated more yield benefit to using foliar fungicides in late-planted fields and in lower latitudes. There was a greater yield response to foliar fungicides in higher-yield environments, but less than a 100 kg/ha yield penalty for not using foliar fungicides in such environments. Except in a few production environments, yield gains due to foliar fungicides sufficiently offset the associated costs of the intervention when soybean prices are near-to-above average but do not negate the importance of disease scouting and fungicide resistance management.
Clinical characteristics of advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR exon 20 insertions
Authors: Morita Chie , Yoshida Tatsuya , Shirasawa Masayuki , Masuda Ken , Matsumoto Yuji , Shinno Yuki , Yagishita Shigehiro , Okuma Yusuke , Goto Yasushi , Horinouchi Hidehito , Yamamoto Noboru , Motoi Noriko , Yatabe Yasushi , Ohe Yuichiro
Published: September 2021

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) exon 20 insertion mutations (Exon20ins) account for 4–12% of all EGFR mutations in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. Data on the differences in clinical characteristics between patients with Exon20ins and major mutations (M-mut) such as exon 19 deletion and L858R are limited. We retrospectively reviewed advanced NSCLC patients with EGFR mutations, who were treated with systemic therapy between January 2011 and December 2019. We identified 23 patients with Exon20ins and 534 patients with M-mut. In Exon20ins patients, the median age was 60 (range 27–88) years, and females and never-smokers were predominant. Clinical characteristics were similar in the two groups. In Exon20ins patients, 17 patients received platinum doublet as first-line therapy, and the overall response rate (ORR) and median progression-free survival (mPFS) were 11.8% and 8.9 months. Additionally, seven patients received conventional EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), and eight patients anti-PD-1 antibodies in any-line therapy. ORR and mPFS of EGFR-TKIs and anti-PD-1 antibodies were 0%, 2.2 months and 25%, 3.1 months, respectively. Overall survival was significantly shorter in Exon20ins patients than in M-mut patients (29.3 vs. 43.4 months, p = 0.04). The clinical outcomes in Exon20ins patients were not satisfactory compared to M-mut patients.
Association of biomarkers related to preoperative inflammatory and coagulation with postoperative in-hospital deaths in patients with type A acute aortic dissection
Authors: Li Ming , Xu Suochun , Yan Yang , Wang Haichen , Zheng Jianjie , Li Yongxin , Zhang Yongjian , Hao Junjun , Deng Chao , Zheng Xinglong , Liu Miaomiao , Gao Yang , Wang Xue , Xue Li
Published: September 2021

The aim of this study was to analyze the role of blood biomarkers regarding preoperative inflammation and coagulation in predicting the postoperative in-hospital mortality of patients with type A acute aortic dissection (AAD). A total of 206 patients with type A AAD who had received surgical treatment were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into two groups: the death group (28 patients who died during hospitalization) and the survival group (178 patients). Peripheral blood samples were collected before anesthesia induction. Preoperative levels of D-dimer, fibrinogen (FIB), platelet (PLT), white blood cells (WBC) and neutrophil (NEU) were compared between the two groups. Univariable and multivariable logistic regression analysis were utilized to identify the independent risk factors for postoperative in-hospital deaths of patients with type A AAD. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve were used to analyze the predictive value of these indices in the postoperative in-hospital mortality of the patients. Univariable logistic regression analysis showed that the P values of the five parameters including D-dimer, FIB, PLT, WBC and NEU were all less than 0.1, which may be risk factors for postoperative in-hospital deaths of patients with type A AAD. Further multivariable logistic regression analysis indicated that higher preoperative D-dimer and WBC levels were independent risk factors for postoperative in-hospital mortality of patients with type A AAD. ROC curve analysis indicated that application of combining FIB and PLT could improve accuracy in prediction of postoperative in-hospital mortality in patients with type A AAD. Both preoperative D-dimer and WBC in patients with type A AAD may be used as independent risk factors for the postoperative in-hospital mortality of such patients. The combination of FIB and PLT may improve the accuracy of clinical prognostic assessment.
Association of the malate dehydrogenase-citrate synthase metabolon is modulated by intermediates of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid cycle
Authors: Omini Joy , Wojciechowska Izabela , Skirycz Aleksandra , Moriyama Hideaki , Obata Toshihiro
Published: September 2021

Mitochondrial malate dehydrogenase (MDH)-citrate synthase (CS) multi-enzyme complex is a part of the Krebs tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle ‘metabolon’ which is enzyme machinery catalyzing sequential reactions without diffusion of reaction intermediates into a bulk matrix. This complex is assumed to be a dynamic structure involved in the regulation of the cycle by enhancing metabolic flux. Microscale Thermophoresis analysis of the porcine heart MDH-CS complex revealed that substrates of the MDH and CS reactions, NAD+ and acetyl-CoA, enhance complex association while products of the reactions, NADH and citrate, weaken the affinity of the complex. Oxaloacetate enhanced the interaction only when it was present together with acetyl-CoA. Structural modeling using published CS structures suggested that the binding of these substrates can stabilize the closed format of CS which favors the MDH-CS association. Two other TCA cycle intermediates, ATP, and low pH also enhanced the association of the complex. These results suggest that dynamic formation of the MDH-CS multi-enzyme complex is modulated by metabolic factors responding to respiratory metabolism, and it may function in the feedback regulation of the cycle and adjacent metabolic pathways.
Acute benzo[a]pyrene exposure induced oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and epigenetic change in blood clam Tegillarca granosa
Authors: Guo Baoying , Feng Dan , Xu Zhongtian , Qi Pengzhi , Yan Xiaojun
Published: September 2021

The blood clam (Tegillarca granosa) is being developed into a model bivalve mollusc for assessing and monitoring marine pollution on the offshore seabed. However, the information on the response of blood clam to PAHs, an organic pollutant usually deposited in submarine sediment, remains limited. Herein, we employed multiple biomarkers, including histological changes, oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and global DNA methylation, to investigate the effects of 10 and 100 μg/L Bap exposure on the blood clams under laboratory conditions, as well as the potential mechanisms. Acute Bap exposure can induce significant morphological abnormalities in gills as shown through hematoxylin–eosin (H.E) staining, providing an intuitive understanding on the effects of Bap on the structural organization of the blood clams. Meanwhile, the oxidative stress was significantly elevated as manifested by the increase of antioxidants activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and glutathione-s-transferase (GST), lipid peroxidation (LPO) level and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) content. The neurotoxicity was also strengthened by Bap toxicity manifested as inhibited acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) activities. In addition, the global DNA methylation level was investigated, and a significant DNA hypomethylation was observed in Bap exposed the blood clam. The correlation analysis showed that the global DNA methylation was negatively correlated with antioxidants (SOD, CAT and POD) activities, but positively correlated choline enzymes (AChE and ChAT) activities. These results collectively suggested that acute Bap exposure can cause damage in gills structures in the blood clam possibly by generating oxidative stress and neurotoxicity, and the global DNA methylation was inhibited to increase the transcriptional expression level of antioxidants genes and consequently elevate antioxidants activities against Bap toxicity. These results are hoped to shed some new light on the study of ecotoxicology effect of PAHs on marine bivalves.
Using approach latency and anticipatory behaviour to assess whether voluntary playpen access is rewarding to laboratory mice
Authors: Ratuski Anna S. , Makowska I. Joanna , Dvorack Kaitlyn R. , Weary Daniel M.
Published: September 2021

Laboratory mice are typically housed in “shoebox" cages that limit the expression of natural behaviours. Temporary access to more complex environments (playpens) may improve their welfare. We aimed to assess if access to playpens is rewarding for conventionally-housed mice and to document mouse behaviour during playpen access. Female C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and DBA/2J mice were provided temporary access to a large enriched playpen three times per week; control mice remained in their home cages. We measured latency to enter playpens and anticipatory behaviour to determine if access was rewarding, and recorded mouse behaviour during playpen sessions. Over time, playpen mice entered the playpen more quickly; latency declined from 168 ± 22 to 13 ± 2 s over the 14-d trial. As expected, playpen mice showed an increase in anticipatory behaviour before playpen access (mean ± SE = 19.7 ± 2.6 behavioural transitions), while control mice showed no change in anticipatory behaviour relative to baseline values (2.4 ± 1.6 transitions). Mice in the playpen performed more ambulatory behaviours than control mice who remained in home cages (21.5 ± 0.7 vs 6.9 ± 1.1 observations of 25 total observations). We conclude that conventionally-housed mice find voluntary playpen access rewarding, and suggest this as a useful option for providing laboratory mice with access to more complex environments.
Loan default prediction of Chinese P2P market: a machine learning methodology
Authors: Xu Junhui , Lu Zekai , Xie Ying
Published: September 2021

Repayment failures of borrowers have greatly affected the sustainable development of the peer-to-peer (P2P) lending industry. The latest literature reveals that existing risk evaluation systems may ignore important signals and risk factors affecting P2P repayment. In our study, we applied four machine learning methods (random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting tree (XGBT), gradient boosting model (GBM), and neural network (NN)) to predict important factors affecting repayment by utilizing data from Renrendai.com in China from Thursday, January 1, 2015, to Tuesday, June 30, 2015. The results showed that borrowers who have passed video, mobile phone, job, residence or education level verification are more likely to default on loan repayment, whereas those who have passed identity and asset certification are less likely to default on loans. The accuracy and kappa value of the four methods all exceed 90%, and RF is superior to the other classification models. Our findings demonstrate important techniques for borrower screening by P2P companies and risk regulation by regulatory agencies. Our methodology and findings will help regulators, banks and creditors combat current financial disasters caused by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic by addressing various financial risks and translating credit scoring improvements.
Patient apprehensions about the use of artificial intelligence in healthcare
Authors: Richardson Jordan P. , Smith Cambray , Curtis Susan , Watson Sara , Zhu Xuan , Barry Barbara , Sharp Richard R.
Published: September 2021

While there is significant enthusiasm in the medical community about the use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare, few research studies have sought to assess patient perspectives on these technologies. We conducted 15 focus groups examining patient views of diverse applications of AI in healthcare. Our results indicate that patients have multiple concerns, including concerns related to the safety of AI, threats to patient choice, potential increases in healthcare costs, data-source bias, and data security. We also found that patient acceptance of AI is contingent on mitigating these possible harms. Our results highlight an array of patient concerns that may limit enthusiasm for applications of AI in healthcare. Proactively addressing these concerns is critical for the flourishing of ethical innovation and ensuring the long-term success of AI applications in healthcare.
Cellular 3D-reconstruction and analysis in the human cerebral cortex using automatic serial sections
Authors: Larsen Nick Y. , Li Xixia , Tan Xueke , Ji Gang , Lin Jing , Rajkowska Grazyna , Møller Jesper , Vihrs Ninna , Sporring Jon , Sun Fei , Nyengaard Jens R.
Published: September 2021

Techniques involving three-dimensional (3D) tissue structure reconstruction and analysis provide a better understanding of changes in molecules and function. We have developed AutoCUTS-LM, an automated system that allows the latest advances in 3D tissue reconstruction and cellular analysis developments using light microscopy on various tissues, including archived tissue. The workflow in this paper involved advanced tissue sampling methods of the human cerebral cortex, an automated serial section collection system, digital tissue library, cell detection using convolution neural network, 3D cell reconstruction, and advanced analysis. Our results demonstrated the detailed structure of pyramidal cells (number, volume, diameter, sphericity and orientation) and their 3D spatial organization are arranged in a columnar structure. The pipeline of these combined techniques provides a detailed analysis of tissues and cells in biology and pathology.
Isothermal microcalorimetry measures UCP1-mediated thermogenesis in mature brite adipocytes
Authors: Bokhari Muhammad Hamza , Halleskog Carina , Åslund Alice , Boulet Nathalie , Casadesús Rendos Eva , de Jong Jasper Martin Anton , Csikasz Robert , Amri Ez-Zoubir , Shabalina Irina , Bengtsson Tore
Published: September 2021

The activation of thermogenesis in adipose tissue has emerged as an important target for the development of novel anti-obesity therapies. Using multi-well isothermal microcalorimetry, we have demonstrated that mature murine brown and brite adipocytes produce quantifiable heat upon β3-AR stimulation, independently of any anaerobic mechanisms. Additionally, in brite adipocytes lacking UCP1 protein, β3-AR stimulation still induces heat production, albeit to a much lower extent than in their wildtype counterparts, suggesting that UCP1 is an essential component of adrenergic induced thermogenesis in murine brite adipocytes exvivo. Similarly, we could observe an increase in heat production in human-derived adipocytes (hMADS) upon β-AR stimulation. Collectively, these results establish the use of isothermal microcalorimetry as a sensitive and accurate technique for measuring thermogenic responses in intact mature brite adipocytes from murine and human origin.
A portable SERS sensor for pyocyanin detection in simulated wound fluid and through swab sampling
Authors: Tanaka Yuki , Khoo Eng Huat , Salleh Nur Asinah binte Mohamed , Teo Siew Lang , Ow Sian Yang , Sutarlie Laura , Su Xiaodi
Published: September 2021

A portable SERS sensor for the detection of pyocyanin in simulated wound fluid is developed using clinical practices of sample collection.
Polymer surface ligand and silica coating induced highly stable perovskite nanocrystals with enhanced aqueous fluorescence for efficient Hg2+ and glutathione detection
Authors: Shu Yun , Sun Linyan , Wang Yan , Jin Dangqin , Xu Qin , Hu Xiaoya
Published: September 2021

Highly stable and enhanced aqueous fluorescent CsPbBr3-mPEG@SiO2 NCs were synthesized through the synergistic effects of polymer surface ligand and silica encapsulation, and used as a novel “on–off–on” fluorescent probe for detection of Hg2+ and GSH.
Intelligent analysis of maleic hydrazide using a simple electrochemical sensor coupled with machine learning
Authors: Xu Lulu , Wu Ruimei , Zhu Xiaoyu , Wang Xiaoqiang , Geng Xiang , Xiong Yao , Chen Tao , Wen Yangping , Ai Shirong
Published: September 2021

A simple intelligent electrochemical sensing platform based on a low-cost disposable laser-induced porous graphene flexible electrode for maleic hydrazide coupled with machine learning was successfully designed.
A multifunctional green antibacterial rapid hemostasis composite wound dressing for wound healing
Authors: Liang Wencheng , Lu Qiaohui , Yu Fan , Zhang Junyong , Xiao Chuang , Dou Xiaoming , Zhou Yan , Mo Xiumei , Li Jun , Lang Meidong
Published: September 2021

A green multifunctional wound dressing with low-cost that can accelerate wound healing in comparison to gauze.
Correction: Recent development of gene therapy for pancreatic cancer using non-viral nanovectors
Authors: Liu Yu , Wu Wei , Wang Yiyao , Han Shisong , Yuan Yuanyuan , Huang Jinsheng , Shuai Xintao , Zhao Peng
Published: September 2021

Correction for ‘Recent development of gene therapy for pancreatic cancer using non-viral nanovectors’ by Yu Liu et al., Biomater. Sci., 2021, DOI: 10.1039/d1bm00748c.
Indacenodithiophene-based small-molecule donor with strong crystallinity for efficient organic solar cells
Authors: Zheng Yan , Bao Sunan , Yang Hang , Fan Hongyu , Fan Dongdong , Cui Chaohua , Li Yongfang
Published: September 2021

An indacenodithiophene (IDT)-based small molecule is designed as a donor material for efficient all-small-molecule organic solar cells, which recorded a notable power conversion efficiency of 11.04%.
Fast assembly of MXene hydrogels by interfacial electrostatic interaction for supercapacitors
Authors: Peng Mengke , Yang Weizu , Li Longbin , Zhang Kaiyang , Wang Li , Hu Ting , Yuan Kai , Chen Yiwang
Published: September 2021

A 3D MH/Th hydrogel was rapidly assembled via electrostatic interaction and such a structure could effectively suppress restacking and oxidation, and enlarged the surface utilization of the MXene for supercapacitors.
Orbital transitions: insight into energy transfer through an antenna for an organo-lanthanide complex
Authors: Thor Waygen , Zhang Yonghong , Wong Ka-Leung , Tanner Peter A.
Published: September 2021

Including experimental work, WFT and DFT calculations employing a range of functionals were performed for two lanthanide complexes to investigate, in different phases, the frontier orbitals and the orbital transitions between singlet states.
Tuning Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction via an electric field at the Co/h-BN interface
Authors: Huang C. , Jiang L. Z. , Zhu Y. , Pan Y. F. , Fan J. Y. , Ma C. L. , Hu J. , Shi D. N.
Published: September 2021

In this paper we found that the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) at the Co/h-BN interface can emerge and is enhanced via applying a downward electric field.
Phase analysis of tungsten and phonon behavior of beryllium layers in W/Be periodic multilayers
Authors: Kumar Niranjan , Pleshkov Roman S. , Nezhdanov Aleksey V. , Yunin Pavel A. , Polkovnikov Vladimir N. , Chkhalo Nikolay I. , Mashin Aleksandr I.
Published: September 2021

In periodic multilayers, thickness-dependent microstructural and phase modifications were investigated in W and Be layers.
The energetics of electron and proton transfer to CO2 in aqueous solution
Authors: Yang Xiao-Hui , Cuesta Angel , Cheng Jun
Published: September 2021

Ab initio molecular dynamics delivers the two thermodynamic pathways opened for the reduction of CO2 to HCOOH in aqueous media after the first electron transfer and the acidity constants of the intermediates (COOH and HCOO) in each of the pathways.
Selective synthesis of N-monomethyl amines with primary amines and nitro compounds
Authors: Wang Xinzhi , Zhao Kang , Wang Hongli , Shi Feng
Published: September 2021

The development of the selective N-monomethylation of primary amines and nitro compounds by using various methylating agents, such as MeX, carbon dioxide, methanol, formaldehyde, formic acid and dimethyl carbonate.
Porous organic polymer enriched in Re functional units and Lewis base sites for efficient CO2 photoreduction
Authors: Li Jixin , Ma Kaiyue , He Yiqiang , Ren Siyuan , Li Chunguang , Chen Xiao-Bo , Shi Zhan , Feng Shouhua
Published: September 2021

A porous organic polymer, BTN-Re, which contains two functional units, exhibits outstanding ability for CO2 photoreduction.
Deposition of highly dispersed gold nanoparticles onto metal phosphates by deposition–precipitation with aqueous ammonia
Authors: Nishio Hidenori , Miura Hiroki , Kamata Keigo , Shishido Tetsuya
Published: September 2021

Deposition–precipitation with aqueous ammonia enabled small gold nanoparticles to be deposited onto a series of metal phosphates with high dispersity and density.
Multifunctional ionic liquid-assisted interfacial engineering towards ZnS nanodots with ultrastable high-rate lithium storage performance
Authors: Cheng Min , Hu Qian-Qian , Li Jian-Rong , Ding Xue-Da , Du Cheng-Feng , Huang Xiao-Ying
Published: September 2021

A nanocomposite with ultrastable high-rate lithium-ion storage performance was prepared through an interfacial engineering strategy based on a zinc-containing ionic liquid.
Wide-bandgap organic–inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic perovskite solar cells and their application in all-perovskite tandem solar cells
Authors: He Rui , Ren Shengqiang , Chen Cong , Yi Zongjin , Luo Yi , Lai Huagui , Wang Wenwu , Zeng Guanggen , Hao Xia , Wang Ye , Zhang Jingquan , Wang Changlei , Wu Lili , Fu Fan , Zhao Dewei
Published: September 2021

We summarize the progress in organic–inorganic hybrid and all-inorganic wide-Egperovskite solar cells. Key challenges and effective strategies are discussed, followed by applications in tandems. We outline perspectives to design superior devices.
Microbial utilization of lignin-derived aromatics via a synthetic catechol meta-cleavage pathway
Authors: Zhang Ruihua , Wang Jian , Milligan Sierra , Yan Yajun
Published: September 2021

Lignin utilization can be expanded by engineering microbes towards diverse bioproducts via a synthetic catechol meta-cleavage pathway.
A carboxymethylcellulose-mediated aqueous colloidal process for building plasmonic–excitonic supramolecular nanoarchitectures based on gold nanoparticles/ZnS quantum emitters for cancer theranostics
Authors: Caires Anderson J. , Mansur Herman S. , Mansur Alexandra A. P. , Carvalho Isadora C. , Carvalho Sandhra C.
Published: September 2021

A carboxymethylcellulose-mediated aqueous colloidal process for building plasmonic–excitonic supramolecular nanoarchitectures: “nanoweapons” to fight against cancer.
TEMPO-catalyzed electrochemical dehydrogenative cyclocondensation of o-aminophenols: synthesis of aminophenoxazinones as antiproliferative agents
Authors: Zhou Jianmin , Ma Zhi-Yuan , Shonhe Chantale , Ji Su-Hui , Cai Yun-Rui
Published: September 2021

A TEMPO-catalyzed electrochemical synthesis of aminophenoxazinone through dehydrogenative dimerization with hydrogen evolution was developed.
A dynamic microscale mid-throughput fibrosis model to investigate the effects of different ratios of cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts
Authors: Mainardi Andrea , Carminati Francesca , Ugolini Giovanni Stefano , Occhetta Paola , Isu Giuseppe , Robles Diaz Diana , Reid Gregory , Visone Roberta , Rasponi Marco , Marsano Anna
Published: September 2021

High percentages of cardiomyocytes mitigate the onset of fibrotic traits induced by fibroblasts in a mid-throughput, mechanically active microdevice.
Oxidative burst as a continuous H2O2 supplier for tumor oxygenation in photodynamic therapy
Authors: Shi Xianqing , Gui Li , Zhou Lin , Wei Shaohua
Published: September 2021

A nanomedicine consisting of Fe3O4 and zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc12) was fabricated to form HFZP. HFZP utilized oxidative burst as a continuous H2O2 self-supplier, which could be used for hypoxia relief in research areas.
A universal polymer shell-isolated nanoparticle (SHIN) design for single particle spectro-electrochemical SERS sensing using different core shapes
Authors: Boccorh Delali K. , Macdonald Peter A. , Boyle Colm W. , Wain Andrew J. , Berlouis Leonard E. A. , Wark Alastair W.
Published: September 2021

A new design of shell isolated nanoparticles (SHINs) is described that can be applied to various gold core shapes for non-interfering surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) sensing at single nanoparticle resolution in electroactive environments.
The size-dependent influence of palladium doping on the structures of cationic gold clusters
Authors: Ferrari Piero , Delgado-Callico Laia , Lushchikova Olga V. , Hou Gao-Lei , Baletto Francesca , Bakker Joost M. , Janssens Ewald
Published: September 2021

The physicochemical properties of small metal clusters strongly depend on their precise geometry.
Hematin-conjugated gelatin as an effective catalyst for preparing biological hydrogels
Authors: Ton Tan Phuoc , Nguyen Van Toan , Doan Phuong , Nguyen Dinh Trung , Nguyen Thi Phuong , Huynh Chan Khon , Ngo Thi Cam Quyen , Dang Le Hang , Tran Ngoc Quyen
Published: September 2021

The design of Ge–He provides feasible strategies for mimicking HRP enzyme to fabricate biomedical hydrogels.
Coupling NiFe-MOF nanosheets with Ni3N microsheet arrays for efficient electrocatalytic water oxidation
Authors: Wang Boran , Chen Duo , Jiao Shihui , Zhang Qi , Wang Wenwen , Lu Mengjie , Fang Zhenxing , Pang Guangsheng , Feng Shouhua
Published: September 2021

An effective strategy for growing a MOF material on metallic transition metal nitride for electrocatalytic OER at high current densities.
Synthesis of a BiPO4/Bi4O5I2 heterostructure for efficient degradation of oil field pollutants
Authors: Zhang Xu , Yang Ping , Yang Bo , Bai Yang , Liu Weihua , Huo Hongbo , Li Jinman , Li Gang
Published: September 2021

In this research, composite photocatalysts were found to have a superior photocatalytic performance.
Zinc porphyrin/mesoporous titania thin film electrodes: a hybrid material nanoarchitecture for photocatalytic reduction
Authors: Caraballo Rolando M. , Vensaus Priscila , Herrera Facundo C. , Soler Illia Galo J. A. A. , Hamer Mariana
Published: September 2021

In this work, photocatalytic reduction of methyl viologen is achieved using zinc tetra(4-N-methylpyridyl)porphine (ZnP) functionalized mesoporous titania thin films (MTTF). Also, ZnP sensitizing and photophysical properties are retained in the hybrid material.
Design of dynamic trajectories for efficient and data-rich exploration of flow reaction design spaces
Authors: Florit Federico , Nambiar Anirudh M. K. , Breen Christopher P. , Jamison Timothy F. , Jensen Klavs F.
Published: September 2021

Sinusoidal variations of operative parameters in flow chemistry allows the fast exploration of chemical design spaces through inline measurements of an objective function.
Instabilities and patterns in a submerged jelling jet
Authors: Chakrabarti Aditi , Al-Mosleh Salem , Mahadevan L.
Published: September 2021

When a thin stream of aqueous sodium alginate is extruded into a reacting calcium chloride bath, it polymerizes into a soft elastic tube that spontaneously forms helical coils due to the ambient fluid drag.
COF-confined catalysts: from nanoparticles and nanoclusters to single atoms
Authors: Xu Mengyi , Lai Cui , Liu Xigui , Li Bisheng , Zhang Mingming , Xu Fuhang , Liu Shiyu , Li Ling , Qin Lei , Yi Huan , Fu Yukui
Published: September 2021

This review highlights the recent impressive progress in covalent–organic framework (COF)-confined catalysts for heterogeneous catalytic applications and structure–reactivity correlations.
Platinum-complexed phosphorous-doped carbon nitride for electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution
Authors: Nichols Forrest , Liu Qiming , Sandhu Jasleen , Azhar Zahra , Cazares Rafael , Mercado Rene , Bridges Frank , Chen Shaowei
Published: September 2021

Platinum is atomically dispersed within P-doped C3N4 forming Pt–N/P/Cl coordination interactions, and exhibits markedly enhanced electrocatalytic activity towards the hydrogen evolution reaction in acidic media, as compared to the P-free counterpart.
Amine-ligand modulated ruthenium nanoclusters as a superior bi-functional hydrogen electrocatalyst in alkaline media
Authors: Wang Jie , Liu Jing , Zhang Boyang , Gao Jie , Liu Guangbo , Cui Xuejing , Liu Jin-Xun , Jiang Luhua
Published: September 2021

Amine-ligand modulated Ru nanoclusters (Ru/PEI-XC) as an active and stable bi-functional catalyst for the alkaline hydrogen oxidation reaction (HOR) and hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) are successfully developed.
Rationally optimized carrier effective mass and carrier density leads to high average ZT value in n-type PbSe
Authors: Xiao Yu , Liu Wei , Zhang Yang , Wang Dongyang , Shi Haonan , Wang Sining , Jin Yang , Qu Wanbo , Wu Haijun , Ding Xiangdong , Sun Jun , Zhao Li-Dong
Published: September 2021

In thermoelectric materials, carrier effective mass and carrier density are two key parameters to determine the electrical transport properties. Therefore, rationally optimizing these two parameters can largely enhance the power factor and ZT value.
A diketopyrrolopyrrole-based ratiometric fluorescent probe for endogenous leucine aminopeptidase detecting and imaging with specific phototoxicity in tumor cells
Authors: Xu Weibo , Wang Jian , Xu Chenyang , Hua Jianli , Wang Yu
Published: September 2021

A new ratiometric fluorescent probe (DPP-Leu) was developed for endogenous LAP imaging and the quantitative detection of LAP in FBS and artificial urine. DPP-Leu also showed specific phototoxicity toward cancer cells, triggered by LAP.
Diemissive dye@CP composites with full-spectrum tunable mechanoluminescence
Authors: Huang Jiaxiang , Zhao He , Zhang Jian-Jun , Zhang Bo-Lun , Ni Jun , Song Bo , Li Yan-Qin , Liu Shuqin , Duan Chunying
Published: September 2021

A doping dye control strategy to regulate the photoluminescence color of dye@CP composites before and after grinding is presented.
Ferroelectric perovskite-enhanced photoelectrochemical immunoassay with the photoexcited charge-transfer of a built-in electric field
Authors: Yu Zhichao , Xu Jianhui , Li Yuxuan , Gong Hexiang , Wei Qiaohua , Tang Dianping
Published: September 2021

This work reported a photoelectrochemical bioassay for prostate-specific antigen detection using the lanthanide-doped bismuth ferrite/reduced graphene oxide/tungsten oxide nanohybrids.
Single-component organic molecular ferroelectrics based on disk- or wheel-like rotation
Authors: Horiuchi Sachio , Kumai Reiji , Ishibashi Shoji
Published: September 2021

Large polarizations are experimentally and theoretically demonstrated for new rotational-type ferroelectrics, which were effectively screened using a crystal structure database.
Coordination mechanism of cyanine dyes on the surface of core@active shell β-NaGdF4:Yb3+,Er3+ nanocrystals and its role in enhancing upconversion luminescence
Authors: Beygi Nasrabadi Hossein , Madirov Eduard , Popescu Radian , Štacková Lenka , Štacko Peter , Klán Petr , Richards Bryce S. , Hudry Damien , Turshatov Andrey
Published: September 2021

The sensitization of lanthanide-doped upconversion nanocrystals (UCNCs) using organic dyes with a broad and intense optical absorption is an interesting approach for efficient excitation-energy harvesting and enhancing the upconversion luminescence.
What do machines see? Utilizing artificial intelligence to explore cell biology
Authors: De Vries Matt , Bakal Chris
Published: September 2021

With our ability to take and quantify numerous complex images of cells and cell populations, the ability to paint an accurate picture of the underlying data has never been more valuable. Deferring from the contemporary classics in data visualization to methods that exploit advances in artificial intelligence is an essential step in understanding high-throughput, three-dimensional microscopy data. This feature article discusses how generating or simulating representative cells that may not exist in the data set, yet summarize the underlying distribution, allows researchers to effectively and efficiently analyse cellular morpho-dynamics. Furthermore, learning from these artificial intelligence-based techniques allows us to ‘see what the machine is seeing’ in a step towards unpacking the chaos of cell biology to understand the very fundamentals of living organisms.
Phonological Measures for Bilingual Spanish-English–Speaking Preschoolers: The Language Combination Effect
Authors: Fabiano-Smith Leah , Privette Chelsea , An Lingling
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to examine the diagnostic accuracy of traditional measures of phonological ability developed for monolingual English-speaking children with their bilingual peers in both English and Spanish. We predicted that a composite measure, derived from a combination of English and Spanish phonological measures, would result in higher diagnostic accuracy than examining the individual phonological measures of bilingual children separately by language.

Method

Sixty-six children, ages 3;3–6;3 (years;months), participated in this study: 29 typically developing bilingual Spanish-English–speaking children (
x
= 5;3), five bilingual Spanish-English–speaking children with speech sound disorders (
x
= 4;6), 26 typically developing monolingual English-speaking children (
x
= 4;8), and six monolingual English-speaking children with speech sound disorders (
x
= 4;9). Children were recorded producing single words using the Assessments of English and Spanish Phonology, and productions were phonetically transcribed and analyzed using the Logical International Phonetics Program. Overall consonants correct–revised; accuracy of early-, middle-, and late-developing sounds; and percent occurrence of phonological error patterns in both English and Spanish were calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves and support vector machine models were applied to observe diagnostic accuracy, separately and combined, for each speaker group and each language.

Results

Findings indicated the combination of measures improved diagnostic accuracy within both the English and Spanish of bilingual children and significantly increased accuracy when measures from both languages of bilingual children were combined. Combining measures for the productions of monolingual English-speaking children did not increase diagnostic accuracy.

Conclusion

To prevent misdiagnosis of speech sound disorders in bilingual preschoolers, the composite phonological abilities of bilingual children need to be assessed across both gross and discrete measures of phonological ability.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16632604
Characteristics of Japanese Electrolaryngeal Speech Produced by Untrained Speakers: An Observational Study Involving Healthy Volunteers
Authors: Sato Koji , Genda Junji , Minabe Ryoya , Taniguchi Takumi
Published: September 2021

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the characteristics of electrolaryngeal (EL) speech among untrained speakers to aid in its effective introduction and to identify syllables and words that are easy or difficult to pronounce.

Method

A total of 21 healthy individuals who had never used an EL were included. The participants were briefed, and tests comprising 100 Japanese syllables and 50 single words were conducted to evaluate EL speech intelligibility. A trained speaker was defined as a certified speech-language pathologist who underwent EL training for 3 months. A 5-point electrolarynx effectivity score (EES) was used for the subjective assessment of EL.

Results

The median (interquartile range) intelligibility scores of the untrained and trained groups were 24.0% (20.0%–34.0%) and 40.0% (36.0%–45.0%) for syllables and 48.0% (38.0%–60.0%) and 88.0% (82.0%–90.0%) for words, respectively. The intelligibility scores for syllables and words were higher in the trained group than those in the untrained group. Only two syllable subgroups (/m/ and /w/) had > 80% correct answers among untrained speakers. A total of 14 syllable subgroups (/k, kʲ, s, ɕ, t, t͡ɕ, ts, ɲ, h, ç, ɸ, p, pʲ, and a/), a number of which contained voiceless consonants, had < 40% correct answers among both speaker groups. A greater number of morae were associated with higher intelligibility scores. An EES of 4, indicating that the EL was effective, was the most frequent score.

Conclusions

It was difficult for untrained speakers to produce intelligible speech using an EL. Syllables, including voiceless consonants, were difficult to pronounce using an EL. Longer words with a greater number of morae were more intelligible, even for untrained EL speakers.

Supplemental Material

https://doi.org/10.23641/asha.16632622
Decentralized event‐triggered robust MPC for large‐scale networked Lipchitz non‐linear control systems
Authors: GHorbani Saeid , Safavi Ali Akbar , Naghavi S. Vahid
Published: September 2021

This article examines a decentralized event‐triggered robust model predictive control (MPC) for a class of networked large‐scale non‐linear Lipchitz systems. It is assumed that the subsystems are geographically distributed and the connections can be made over a communication network and therefore local event generator modules are used. An event‐triggering condition is then proposed for each module, which only uses local information to trigger data via the communication channel. In this way, the information exchange between subsystems can be reduced significantly compared to time‐triggered conventional control approaches, while the asymptotic stability of the closed‐loop is maintained. In contrast to the reported event‐triggered MPC results, the optimized controller is calculated based on state feedback control law for individual subsystems, which minimizes the upper limit on the infinite horizon cost function subject to constraints on the control inputs. The validness of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by simulation results.
Energy harvesting approach for trackside health monitoring devices in railroads
Authors: Zhang Jimin , Xu Lichao , Shen Tuo , Luo Jinnan
Published: September 2021

Design, modelling, simulation and lab test of a trackside electromagnetic energy harvesting (TEEH) approach for an AC electrified railway is provided in this study. By collecting the electromagnetic energy inspired from track current, an alternative energy source along the trackside can be achieved, which is not sensitive to weather and location factors. This study aims to verify the feasibility of TEEH and provide a guideline for future study. The electromagnetic field distribution model of the rail is built through theoretical calculations and FEM simulation. The relationship between harvester parameters and output power is confirmed. A TEEH prototype test bench has been built to verify the theory. The result indicates a close match. The average output power of 9.2 mW is achieved from a Φ57 × 30 mm hollow coil when the track current is 600 A 50 Hz. This study proposed a detailed derivation and modelling process, providing a preliminary reference and guidance for the design of an electromagnetic energy harvester.
An optimal 3D convolutional neural network based lipreading method
Authors: He Lun , Ding Biyun , Wang Hao , Zhang Tao
Published: September 2021

Lipreading is a visual recognition of speech by using lip movement, which aims to recognise phrases and sentences spoken by a talking face without the audio. However, the existed models for lipreading suffer from slow training speed and insufficient performance. To accelerate the training speed of the model for lipreading, a batch group training algorithm is proposed, which groups all the data of different frames. In addition, a 3D‐MouthNet‐BLSTM‐CTC architecture for lipreading is proposed to improve model performance. It bases on a 3D convolutional neural network, MouthNet, two Bi‐LSTMs, and a CTC objective function. Experiment results in Oulu‐VS2 and self‐built dataset show that 96.2% accuracy rate is achieved on the Oulu‐VS2 dataset, and 93.8% accuracy rate is achieved on the GRID dataset. This article is about lipreading research. It mainly uses deep learning methods to study lip‐reading. A new network architecture and tests on public data sets are proposed to achieve the best results.
A soft‐switching inverting high step‐down converter with a pair of coupled inductors and self‐driven synchronous rectifier
Authors: Hosseinabadi Farzad , Soleymani Behzad , Adib Ehsan , Islam Md. Rabiul , Farzanehfard Hosein , Kouzani Abbas Z. , Mahmud M. A. Parvez
Published: September 2021

In this paper, a non‐isolated coupled‐inductor high step‐down converter with extended duty cycle is proposed, which operates under discontinuous conduction mode. The soft‐switching condition is provided for all the switches and diodes, which results in the reduction of the switching losses, and the losses related to diode reverse recovery problem. Also, a self‐drive circuit is used to automatically generate the ON and OFF gate signals of the synchronous rectifier, which recovers the gate energy and reduces the complexity. In this topology, only a single coupled inductor is proposed which decreases the size and cost of the proposed converter. A 200 W laboratory prototype is implemented, and its results confirm the validity of theoretical analysis and advantages of the proposed converter over previous structures.