bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Metabolomic Heterogeneity of Urogenital Tract Cancers Analyzed by Complementary Chromatographic Techniques Coupled with Mass Spectrometry
Authors: Yumba-Mpanga Arlette , Struck-Lewicka Wiktoria , Wawrzyniak Renata , Markuszewski Marcin , Roslan Marek , Kaliszan Roman , Markuszewski Michał Jan
Published: October 2017

Background:

In regard to urogenital tract cancer studies, an estimated 340,650 new cases and 58,360 deaths from genital system cancer and about 141,140 new cases and 29330 deaths from urinary system were projected to occur in the United States in 2012. The main drawbacks of currently available diagnostic tests constitute the low specificity, costliness and quite high invasiveness.

Objective:

The main goal of this pilot study was to determine and compare urine metabolic fingerprints in urogenital tract cancer patients and healthy controls.

Method:

A comparative analysis of the metabolic profile of urine from 30 patients with cancer of the genitourinary system (bladder (n=10), kidney (n=10) and prostate (n=10)) and 30 healthy volunteers as a control group was provided by LC-TOF/MS and GCQqQ/ MS. The data analysis was performed by the use of U-Mann Whitney test or Student’s t-test, principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA).

Results:

As a result, 33, 43, and 22 compounds were identified as statistically significant in bladder, prostate and kidney cancer, respectively, compared to healthy groups.

Conclusion:

Diverse compounds such as purine, sugars, amino acids, nucleosides, organic acids which play a role in purine metabolism, in tricarboxylic acid cycle, in amino acid metabolism or in gut microbiota metabolism were identified. Only two metabolites namely glucocaffeic acid and lactic acid were found to be in common in studied three types of cancer.
Metabolomics and Heart Diseases: From Basic to Clinical Approach
Authors: Barba Ignasi , Andrés Mireia , Garcia-Dorado David
Published: October 2017

Background:

The field of metabolomics has been steadily increasing in size for the last 15 years. Advances in analytical and statistical methods have allowed metabolomics to flourish in various areas of medicine. Cardiovascular diseases are some of the main research targets in metabolomics, due to their social and medical relevance, and also to the important role metabolic alterations play in their pathogenesis and evolution.  Metabolomics has been applied to the full spectrum of cardiovascular diseases: from patient risk stratification to myocardial infarction and heart failure. However - despite the many proof-ofconcept studies describing the applicability of metabolomics in the diagnosis, prognosis and treatment evaluation in cardiovascular diseases - it is not yet used in routine clinical practice.  Recently, large phenome centers have been established in clinical environments, and it is expected that they will provide definitive proof of the applicability of metabolomics in clinical practice. But there is also room for small and medium size centers to work on uncommon pathologies or to resolve specific but relevant clinical questions.  Objectives: In this review, we will introduce metabolomics, cover the metabolomic work done so far in the area of cardiovascular diseases.

Conclusion:

The cardiovascular field has been at the forefront of metabolomics application and it should lead the transfer to the clinic in the not so distant future.
Biomarkers of Atrial Fibrillation in Hypertension
Authors: Tsioufis Costas , Konstantinidis Dimitris , Nikolakopoulos Ilias , Vemmou Evi , Kalos Theodoros , Georgiopoulos Georgios , Vogiatzakis Nikolaos , Ifantis Aris , Konstantinou Konstantinou , Gennimata Vasiliki , Tousoulis Dimitrios
Published: October 2017

Background:

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most frequently encountered cardiac
arrhythmia globally and substantially increases the risk for thromboembolic disease.
Albeit, 20% of all cases of AF remain undiagnosed. On the other hand, hypertension amplifies
the risk for both AF occurrences through hemodynamic and non-hemodynamic
mechanisms and cerebrovascular ischemia. Under this prism, prompt diagnosis of undetected
AF in hypertensive patients is of pivotal importance.

Method:

We conducted a review of the literature for studies with biomarkers that could
be used in AF diagnosis as well as in predicting the transition of paroxysmal AF to sustained
AF, especially in hypertensive patients.

Results:

Potential biomarkers for AF can be broadly categorized into electrophysiological,
morphological and molecular markers that reflect the underlying mechanisms of adverse
atrial remodeling. We focused on P-wave duration and dispersion as electrophysiological
markers, and left atrial (LA) and LA appendage size, atrial fibrosis, left ventricular
hypertrophy and aortic stiffness as structural biomarkers, respectively. The heterogeneous
group of molecular biomarkers of AF encompasses products of the neurohormonal
cascade, including NT-pro BNP, BNP, MR-pro ANP, polymorphisms of the ACE and
convertases such as corin and furin. In addition, soluble biomarkers of inflammation (i.e.
CRP, IL-6) and fibrosis (i.e. TGF-1 and matrix metalloproteinases) were assessed for predicting
AF.

Conclusion:

The reviewed individual biomarkers might be a valuable addition to current
diagnostic tools but the ideal candidate is expected to combine multiple indices of atrial
remodeling in order to effectively detect both AF and adverse characteristics of high risk
patients with hypertension.
Potential of Plant-sourced Phenols for Inflammatory Bowel Disease
Authors: Xiao Hai-tao , Wen Bo , Shen Xiang-chun , Bian Zhao-xiang
Published: October 2017

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is an uncontrolled chronic inflammatory intestinal
disorder, which requires medications for long-term therapy. Facing the challenges
of severe side effects and drug resistance of conventional medications, to develop the
strategies meet the stringent safety and effectiveness in the long-term treatment are urgent
in the clinics. In this regard, a growing body of evidence confirms plant-sourced phenols,
such as flavonoids, catechins, stilbenes, coumarins, quinones, lignans, phenylethanoids,
cannabinoid phenols, tannins, phenolic acids and hydroxyphenols, exert potent protective
benefits with fewer undesirable effects in conditions of acute or chronic intestinal inflammation
through improvement of colonic oxidative and pro-inflammatory status,
preservation of the epithelial barrier function and modulation of gut microbiota. In this
review, the great potential of plant-sourced phenols and their action mechanisms for the
treatment or prevention of IBD in recent research are summarized, which may help further
development of new preventive/adjuvant regimens for IBD.
Protective Effects of the Caffeine Against Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Tellone Ester , Galtieri Antonio , Russo Annamaria , Ficarra Silvana
Published: October 2017

Background:

Recent studies and increased interest of the scientific community helped to
clarify the neurological health property of caffeine, one of the pharmacologically active substances
most consumed in the world.

Methods:

This article is a review search to provide an overview on the current state of understanding
neurobiochemical impact of caffeine, focusing on the ability of the drug to effectively counteract several
neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, Huntington’s diseases, Multiple
sclerosis and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Results:

Data collection shown in this review provide a significant therapeutic and prophylactic potentiality
of caffeine which acts on human brain through several pathways because of its antioxidant activity
combined with multiple molecular targets. However, the need to adjust the CF dosage to individuals,
because some people are more sensitive to drugs than others, may constituted a limit to the CF effectiveness.

Conclusion:

What emerges from the complex of clinical and epidemiological studies is a significant CF
potential impact against all neurological disorders. Although, further studies are needed to fully elucidate
the several mechanisms of drug action which in part are still elusive.
Recent Advances and Perspectives in Liposomes for Cutaneous Drug Delivery
Authors: Carita Amanda C. , Eloy Josimar O. , Chorilli Marlus , Lee Robert J. , Leonardi Gislaine Ricci
Published: October 2017

The cutaneous route is attractive for the delivery of drugs in the treatment of a
wide variety of diseases. However the stratum corneum (SC) is an effective barrier that
hampers skin penetration. Within this context, liposomes emerge as a potential carrier for
improving topical delivery of therapeutic agents. In this review, we aimed to discuss key
aspects for the topical delivery by drug-loaded liposomes. Phospholipid type and phase
transition temperature have been shown to affect liposomal topical delivery. The effect of
surface charge is subject to considerable variation depending on drug and composition. In
addition, modified vesicles with the presence of components for permeation enhancement,
such as surfactants and solvents, have been shown to have a considerable effect. These
liposomes include: Transfersomes, Niosomes, Ethosomes, Transethosomes, Invasomes,
coated liposomes, penetration enhancer containing vesicles (PEVs), fatty acids vesicles,
Archaeosomes and Marinosomes. Furthermore, adding polymeric coating onto liposome
surface could influence cutaneous delivery. Mechanisms of delivery include intact vesicular
skin penetration, free drug diffusion, permeation enhancement, vesicle adsorption to
and/or fusion with the SC, trans-appendageal penetration, among others. Finally, several
skin conditions, including acne, melasma, skin aging, fungal infections and skin cancer,
have benefited from liposomal topical delivery of drugs, with promising in vitro and in
vivo results. However, despite the existence of some clinical trials, more studies are
needed to be conducted in order to explore the potential of liposomes in the dermatological
field.
Level V Metastasis, a Novel Predicative Factor for Recurrence in N1b Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Authors: Wu Yifeng , Li Jianjun , Wu Xianjiang , Dai Lei
Published: October 2017

Background:

Lymph nodal (LN) metastasis, classified as pN1b, is considered as an independent poor
prognostic factor for Papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) patients. However, whether LN metastasis can serve as a
predictive factor for recurrence or disease-free survival of N1b PTC is still plagued by controversy.

Methods:

The N1b PTC patients who underwent total thyroidectomy and unilateral modified radical neck dissection
(MRND) by the same surgical team in Ningbo NO.2 Hospital from March, 1998 to March, 2015 were
included in this study. The clinical and pathological characteristics of each patient were recorded in detail. Univariate
and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were performed to analyze the associations
between clinicopathological characteristics with recurrence. Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test were used
for the analysis of overall RFS and level V metastasis.

Results:

A total of 214 patients were eligible for the final analyses. Of the 214 finally included patients with N1b
PTC, 39 patients were classified with recurrence and 175 without recurrence. The final univariate and multiple
Cox proportional hazards analysis only suggested level V metastasis as the independent predictive factor of N1b
PTC recurrence (HR: 4.11; 95% CI:1.22–11.05, P=0.028). The patients with level V metastasis showed a significantly
lower 10-year RFS rate (P=0.031) as illustrated by Kaplan–Meier analysis and log-rank test.

Conclusion:

Level V metastasis is a novel indicator for tumor recurrence and 10-year RFS in patients with N1b
PTC.
Isoform Separation by a Mixed-mode Resin, TOYOPEARL MX-Trp-650M
Authors: Arakawa Tsutomu
Published: October 2017

TOYOPEARL particles are cross-linked hydroxylated methacrylic polymers available in different pore and particle sizes. They are conjugated with different ligands to generate ion-exchange, hydrophobic interaction and affinity resins. They have excellent physical and chemical properties. A mixed-mode resin, TOYOPEARL MX-Trp-650M, is made of this particle with tryptophan conjugated via N-terminal amino group and hence has both hydrophobic/aromatic side chain and carboxyl group. In this review, I will summarize the properties of the TOYOPEARL particles and MX-Trp-650M resin and application of this resin for purification of proteins and in some detail the separation of disulfide (SS)- scrambled oligomers of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1). For this particular application, the intact IGF-1 was used to examine binding and elution conditions of TOYOSCREEN MX-Trp-650M column. Strong binding was obtained at pH 4.0, at which arginine, but not NaCl, resulted in elution. Both NaCl and arginine resulted in elution at pH 6.5. In addition, a pH gradient from 4.0 to 8.5 was effective. When applied to SS-scrambled IGF-1 oligomers, both pH and arginine gradient exhibited an efficient separation of the oligomers.
Nano and Microbubble Systems for On-Demand Cancer Drug Delivery
Authors: Budhwani Karim I. , Dettmann Makena A. , Saleh Mansoor N. , Thomas Vinoy
Published: October 2017

Background:

Chemotherapy, the predominant cancer treatment modality, suffers from
elimination in renal and hepatic systems causing reduced bioavailability and increased toxicity leading
to harmful side effects. Targeted release of formulations encapsulated in protective biocompatible
polymer or polymer-lipid microbubbles can improve bioavailability and potency while reducing
systemic toxicity, resulting in a higher therapeutic index.

Objective:

Double emulsion, the most common method for microbubble fabrication suffers from low
encapsulation efficiency and wide size distributions. In this concise article, we analyze the emergent
coaxial electrospray technique vis-à-vis established double emulsion methods to manufacture biocompatible
polymer microbubbles for targeted drug delivery systems.

Method:

Specifically, we investigate size, morphology, and encapsulation efficiencies of microbubbles
fabricated using double emulsion and coaxial electrospray techniques.

Results:

We found that microbubbles produced via coaxial electrospray displayed higher encapsulation
efficiency and a narrower size distribution.

Conclusion:

Coaxial electrospray is a promising technology with considerably improved size distribution
and encapsulation efficiency; however, reproducibility across facilities and scale remain challenging.
Phosphate-based treatments for conservation of stone
Authors: Sassoni Enrico
Published: October 2017

To overcome the limitations of currently available protectives and consolidants for carbonate stones (such as marble and limestone), in 2011 the use of calcium phosphate was proposed. The idea is forming calcium phosphates (ideally hydroxyapatite) as the reaction product between the substrate and an aqueous solution of a phosphate salt, that the stone is treated with. In this paper, the studies aimed at identifying the best treatment conditions (in terms of nature and concentration of the phosphate precursor, solution pH, reaction time, ionic and organic additions) are first briefly summarized. Then, the efficacy of the phosphate treatment in protecting marble from dissolution in rain and restoring cohesion of weathered marble and limestone is discussed. Some recent studies on the use of the phosphate treatment on alternative substrates and some future steps for research on the topic are finally outlined.
Pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan pelayanan terhadap kepuasan siswa di SMA Negeri Kabupaten Berau
Authors: Yusuf Y.
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur (1) pengaruh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kepuasan siswa (2) pengaruh pelayanan terhadap kepuasan siswa, (3) pengaruh antara kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan pelayanan secara bersama-sama terhadap dengan kepuasan siswa. Metode penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kuantitatif dengan teknik survei korelasional. Teknik sampling yang digunakan adalah teknik multi stage random sampling. Responden dalam penelitian ini adalah Siswa-siswi SMA Negeri yang berada di Kabupaten Berau dengan populasi sebanyak 3486 siswa/i dan sampel sebanyak 171 siswa/i. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa: Pertama, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari kepemimpinan kepala sekolah terhadap kepuasan siswa. Kedua, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari pelayanan terhadap kepuasan siswa. Ketiga, terdapat pengaruh yang signifikan dari kepemimpinan kepala sekolah dan pelayanan secara bersama-sama terhadap kepuasan siswa.Kata kunci: kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, pelayanan, kepuasan siswa THE EFFECTS OF HEADMASTER'S LEADERSHIP AND SERVICE ON STUDENTS' SATISFACTION IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOLS IN BERAU REGENCYAbstractThis research aimed to find out (1) the effects of headmaster’s leadership on students’ satisfaction, (2) the effects of service on students’ satisfaction, (3) the effects of  headmaster’s leadership and service collectively on students’ satisfaction. The research used quantitative method with correlational survey technique. The sampling technique used was multi stage random sampling. The respondents in this research were Senior High School students in Berau Regency with the population of 3486 students and sample of 171 students. The result of this research shows that: First, there is a significant effect of headmaster’s leadership on students’ satisfaction. Second, there is a significant effect of the service on students’ satisfaction. Third, there is a significant effect of the headmaster’s leadership and service collectively on students’ satisfaction.Keywords: headmaster’s leadership, service, student’s satisfaction
Manajemen pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kota Yogyakarta
Authors: Muniroh Jauharotul , Muhyadi Muhyadi
Published: October 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan sistem manajemen sumber daya manusia terkait tentang perencanaan, perekrutan, penempatan dan pengembangan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan di Madrasah Aliyah Negeri Kota Yogyakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan jenis fenomenologi. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut (1) perencanaan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan honorer dengan mengusulkan dari madrasah ke Kantor Wilayah Kementerian Agama, dengan menggunakan tiga analisis yaitu melalui analisis kebutuhan, analisis jabatan, analisis beban kerja, sehingga mampu melakukan analisis kelebihan dan kekurangan; (2) perekrutan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan honorer dengan menentukan kualifikasi penerimaan sehingga diperoleh pendidik yang berkompeten sesuai dengan mata pelajaran yang diampu; sedangkan tenaga kependidikan honorer yang memiliki skill dan keahlian yang dibutuhkan; (3) penempatan pendidik mengacu pada prinsip the right man on the right place akan tetapi masih terdapat mismatch sebesar 10% antara latar belakang pendidikan dengan mata pelajaran yang diampu; (4) kegiatan pengembangan pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan meliputi pendidikan dan pelatihan berupa bimtek, spiritual quantum learning, studi lanjut, pengembangan diri melalui musyawarah guru mata pelajaran, kegiatan pengajian dan pembinaan. Kata kunci: manajemen, pendidik dan tenaga kependidikan.  MANAGEMENT OF TEACHERS AND EDUCATION PERSONNEL IN MADRASAH ALIYAH NEGERI YOGYAKARTAAbstractThis study aims to determine the human resources management system in terms of planning, recruitment, placement and development of teachers and education personnel of madrasah aliyah negeri (MAN) in Yogyakarta. This study is using a qualitative approach with phenomenology type. The results of this study indicate that: (1) planning, honorary teachers and education personnel with the proposal from the bottom up, or from madrassas to the Regional Office of the Ministry of Religion Affairs using three kinds of analysis: needs analysis, job analysis, and workload analysis to be able to analyze the advantages and disadvantages; (2) recruiting honorary teachers and education personnel by determining the requirements for acceptance in order to obtain a competent educator in accordance with the subject matter and honorary education personnel who have the skills and expertise needed; (3) the placement of educators applying the principle of the right man on the right place, although there is a mismatch of 10%; (4) developing activities of teachers and education personnel including education and training in the form of technical assistance, spiritual quantum learning, further studies, self-development through Subject Matter Teacher Forum, pengajian activities, and coaching.Keywords: management, teachers and education personnel
Integrating Sustainability and Skillin the 'vuca' World with Millennials: a Macro-view
Authors: Kumar Alok , Pathak Pramod
Published: October 2017

Gone are the days when organizational stability was proportional to the duration of employees' stay. Instead, it is the 'skill' basket that has redefined the stability perspective. It also becomes important to discuss the HR issues because of the VUCA(Volatile, Uncertain, Complex, Ambiguous) scenario that has encapsulated every organisation and its workforce in the regime of technological upswing. Job rotation once happed to define the sustainability. Today, in the scenario where lay-offs are common, would multi-skilling help overcome the same? We need to understand skills in a totally newer perspective in the age of 'Millennials'. The paper looks at this issue and suggests how skill and sustainability can be intertwined to result in a win-win situation
ISOLATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ACTINOMYCETES FROM SOIL OF AD-DAWADMI, SAUDI ARABIA AND SCREENING THEIR ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITIES
Authors: Sheik Gouse Basha , Maqbul Muazzam Sheriff , S. Gokul Shankar , S Ranjith M
Published: October 2017

Objective: To isolate and characterize novel actinomycetes and to evaluate their antibacterial activity against drug-resistant pathogenic bacteriaMethods: In the present study, 19 soil samples were collected from different localities of Ad-Dawadmi, Saudi Arabia. Actinomycetes were isolated from these samples using serial dilution and plating method on Actinomycetes isolation agar supplemented with nalidixic acid and actidione to inhibit bacteria and fungi. Crude extracts of potential actinomycetes were produced by submerged fermentation. The antimicrobial activity of crude extracts of actinomycetes was tested against different bacteria using the agar well diffusion method. Characterization of the isolates was done by morphological, physiological and biochemical methods.Results: A total of 9 (47%) isolates of actinomycetes were isolated from 19 different soil samples tested. Among them, 4 (44%) isolates confirmed as Streptomyces sp. showed potential antimicrobial activity against one or more test organisms. Crude extracts were made from these 4 actinomycetes isolates(DOM1, DOM3, DP3, DP4)and tested for their antibacterial activities against 4 different clinical bacterial strains (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus). Crude extract from DP3 isolate showed highest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (28 mm, 21 mm, 20 mm and 18 mm) respectively and DP4 showed lowest antibacterial activity against all the four test organisms (14 mm, 12 mm, 0 mm, 6 mm) respectively. The highest zone of inhibition was shown by DP3 against Staphylococcus aureus (28 mm) and Escherichia coli was resistant for DP4. Most of the Inhibition zones produced by crude extracts showed significant differences when compared with control, tested against test organisms (P<0.05). Inhibition zones produced by DP3 and DOM1 against Staphylococcus aureus were 28 mm and 23 mm, respectively which were strong active when compared with control Ciprofloxacin (18 mm).Conclusion: Further studies for purification of bioactive metabolites and molecular characterization analysis of isolated Streptomyces sp. are in progress which would be helpful in discovering novel compounds of commercial value.
PICEATANNOL AMELIORATES CISPLATIN-INDUCED HISTOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL ALTERATIONS IN RATS KIDNEY
Authors: Wahdan Sara A. , Azab Samar S. , Elsherbİny Doaa A. , El-demerdash Ebtehal
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present study was designed to investigate the effect of different doses of piceatannol (PIC) on cisplatin-induced biochemical and histological alterations in rat kidney.Methods: Male Wistar rats received a single intraperitoneal (i. p.) injection of cisplatin (7 mg/kg). PIC was given in different daily doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) i. p., for seven days, starting two days before cisplatin injection. Nephrotoxicity was evaluated by means of measurement of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine and histopathological examination of the kidney. We also investigated the antioxidant effect of the most effective dose of PIC by measuring reduced glutathione (GSH) and lipid peroxides levels. Moreover, the ability of PIC to affect nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB) expression was determined by immunohistochemical analysis.Results: A single dose of cisplatin (7 mg/kg) significantly increased BUN and creatinine levels, as well as relative kidney weight, compared to the control group. In addition, significant histopathological alterations including tubular necrosis, hemorrhage and casts formation were observed. PIC was given in different doses (5, 10 and 20 mg/kg) for 7 d, starting 2 d before cisplatin injection. PIC dose 10 mg/kg was the most effective in preventing these alterations. PIC significantly increased GSH level and decreased lipids peroxidation compared to cisplatin group. Moreover, PIC significantly mitigated cisplatin-induced expression of NF-kB.Conclusion: PIC has the potential to ameliorate cisplatin-induced renal injury.
GENETIC DIVERSITY IN ACCESSIONS OF INDIAN TURMERIC (CURCUMA LONGA L.) USING RAPD MARKERS
Authors: Ashraf Kamran , Ahmad Altaf , Shah Syed Adnan Ali , Mujeeb Mohd
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present investigation was undertaken for identification and assessment of eight accessions of Curcuma longa collected from all ecological zones in India by random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers.Methods: DNA was isolated using modified cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) method. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed according to the method based on Williams et al. and data analysis was done using Alpha Imager EC software.Results: Eleven out of twenty primers screened were informative and produced 150 amplification products among which 132 products (88%) were found to be polymorphic. The percentage polymorphism of all 08 accessions ranged from 44.44% to 100%. A total of 150 amplification products were scored with an average frequency of 13.63 bands per primer. Most of the RAPD markers studied showed a different level of genetic polymorphism. The data of 150 RAPD bands were used to generate Jaccard’s similarity coefficients and to construct a dendrogram by means of UPGMA.Conclusion: Results shows that C. longa undergoes genetic variation due to a wide range of ecological conditions within distribution area of its population in India. This investigation as an understanding of the level and partitioning of genetic variation within the accessions and would provide an important input into determining efficient management strategies and will help to breeders for turmeric improvement program.
EVALUATION OF THE WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF CAESALPINIA BONDUCELLA AND CYCLEA PELTATA EXTRACTS IN EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED DIABETIC RATS
Authors: S. Jagadeep Chandra , S. Mahadeva Murthy , Ramesh Ranjana
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present study was conducted to verify the effect of Caesalpinia bonducella and Cyclea peltata extracts on experimentally induced excision wounds in diabetic rats.Methods: Methanolic and ethyl acetate extract of test sample in PEG base was applied and observed for wound healing effect for a period of 15 d.Results: The data demonstrated statistically significant wound contraction up to 98% in the treated sample as compared to 90% in diabetic control group. The results correlated (r ³ 0.95) with fasting blood glucose level, indicating the deleterious effect of hyperglycemia in wound healing. Histopathological studies indicated moderate granulation with marked epithelial enclose and moderate hyperplasia in groups treated with high dose (100 mg/kg BW) of methanolic extract of aerial part of Cyclea peltata and root of Caesalpinia bonducella. Conclusion: From the study, it can be hypothesized that tested plant extracts favours wound healing in diabetic animals and paves the way for the more detailed study of the phytochemical constituent for therapeutic applications. The present investigation adds to the existing knowledge in the field of therapeutic medicine and may even become the base for the development of herbal based gel formulations or ointments for treating wounds in diabetic patients and thereby continuous usage of synthetic drugs, its associated side effects could be avoided.
EVALUATING THE PROTECTIVE EFFICACY OF COMBINATION AND WITHANIA SOMNIFERA AND VITAMIN E AGAINST CADMIUM INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS MEDIATED HEPATIC HISTOPATHOLOGY AND GENOTOXICITY IN MURINE MODEL
Authors: Rani Seema , Sharma Vijay Lakshmi , Chopra Mani
Published: October 2017

Objective: Cadmium (Cd) exposure develops various serious pathological conditions because of its long-term retention in tissues. Withania somnifera (WS) is a known antioxidant due to its pharmacological properties, whereas vitamin E (VE) is a dietary antioxidant. The present study tries to study the combinational effect of WS and VE against Cd-induced toxicity.Methods: Amelioration of Cd-induced toxicity by WS and VE was evaluated in mice liver by studying biochemical, morphological and genotoxic parameters. For this study mice (n=6) were given short-term Cd exposure of 5 mg/kg b. wt. intraperitoneally (ip) for 5 d. WS leaf extract was given orally (500 mg/kg b. wt.) and in combination with VE (100 mg/kg b. wt.) to study its preventive effects against Cd-induced oxidative stress-mediated histopathological and genotoxic alterations.Results: Cd significantly enhanced lipid peroxidation (LPO (p<0.0001) and declined the levels of antioxidant viz. reduced glutathione (GSH (p ≤ 0.0001), glutathione-S-Transferase (GST (p ≤ 0.0001), superoxide dismutase (SOD (p ≤ 0.0001) and catalase (CAT) (p ≤ 0.0001) activity. Histopathological examination of Cd-treated mice liver exhibited marked structural damage. Metal generated oxidative stress and imbalance of pro-and antioxidants forms the basis for marked structural changes and genotoxicity. Individual treatments of WS and VE reduced the Cd-induced toxicity but when WS was given in combination with VE for the same period, levels of antioxidants were brought to near normal levels.Conclusion: WS in combination with VE reduced Cd-induced oxidative burden and restored the levels of anti-oxidant enzymes resulting into improved histoarchitecture and reduced genotoxic insult.
EFFECT OF PHYSIOCHEMICAL FACTORS ON FRUITING BODY FORMATION IN MUSHROOM
Authors: Khan Foziya , Chandra Ramesh
Published: October 2017

Objective: Fungi are heterotrophs and are involved in decomposition, nutrient cycling and nutrient transport, and are indispensable for achieving sustainable development. Mushrooms are the fungi with a distinctive fruiting body. Mushrooms are produced all over the world. In India, Punjab is the leading mushroom growing state. Mushrooms are rich sources of proteins, vitamins and minerals. Different types of immunoceuticals like lentinan, schizophyllan, active hexose correlated compound (AHCC) etc. have also been prepared from various mushrooms. The present review work highlights important observations in the area of mushroom. Methods: This review also shows that how several factors affect the fruiting body formation of mushrooms, which includes physiological (composition of culture media) and environmental factors (light, temperature, salinity, etc.). There are different factors like light, temperature etc. which affects the fruiting body development.Results: It has been found that, light has positive effects on hyphal aggregation and fruiting body maturation. It has been found that in oyster mushroom, light is essential for both normal expansion of pileus and in spore formation. It has been found that length of Stipe and the diameter of cap decreases with an increase in the concentration of CO2. Also, there is a range of temperature within which sporophore development occurs. The composition of media affects the growth of mushrooms too. It’s important to maintain a balance between carbon and nitrogen sources for induction of the fruiting body.Conclusion: There are different environmental factors affecting the fruiting body development of mushrooms. Hence, by adjusting various factors like temperature, light, media composition production of mushrooms can be increased.
SYNTHESIS, CHARACTERIZATION AND EVALUATION OF 4-HYDROXY-1-PHENYL/METHYL-3-(3-SUBSTITUTED-1-(SUBSTITUTEDIMINO) PROPYL) QUINOLINE-2(1H)-ONE DERIVATIVES AND 4-HYDROXY-1-PHENYL/METHYL-3-(1-(SUBSTITUEDIMINO) ETHYL) QUINOLINE-2(1H)-ONE DERIVATIVES AS POSSIBLE ANTICANCER AGENTS
Authors: Desai S. N. Mamle , Priolkar Rudrax N. S. , Karmali Harshank A. Naik , Ambe Prabhav D. , Biradar B. S.
Published: October 2017

Objective: Synthesis, characterization and evaluation of quinolin-2-one derivatives as possible anticancer agents.Methods: A series of novel 4-hydroxy-1-phenyl/methyl-3-(3-substituted-1-(substitutedimino)propyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives IIa(1-5)/IIb(1-5) and 4-hydroxy-1-phenyl/methyl-3-(1-(substituedimino)ethyl)quinolin-2(1H)-one derivatives IIIa(1-3)/IIIb(1-3) were synthesised by nucleophilic addition of substituted anilines on 3-acetyl-4-hydroxy-1-phenyl/methylquinolin-2(1H)-one (a/b) and 4-hydroxy-3-(3-substitutedpropanoyl)-1-phenyl/methyl quinolin-2(1H)-one (Ia/Ib); respectively. The synthesised derivatives were characterised by spectral analysis and were tested for their in vitro anticancer activity against K562 and Hep 3b cell lines by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay method.Results: The compounds were tested for their in vitro anticancer activity against K562 and Hep 3b cell lines at 10, 20, 25, 30 and 50 µg/ml concentration using MTT assay method. The compound 4-hydroxy-3-(3-morpholino-1-(phenylimino)propyl)-1-phenylquinolin-2(1H)-one (IIa-1) showed anticancer activity with IC50 value 20 µg as compared to the control against K562 cell lines. The compound 4-hydroxy-1-phenyl-3-(1-(phenylimino) ethyl) quinolin-2(1H)-one (IIIa-1) showed anticancer activity with IC50 value less than 10 µg.Conclusion: The proposed method for the synthesis of novel derivatives is convenient and gives a good yield. Some of the synthesised compounds showed promising anticancer activity against K562 and Hep 3b cell lines. Compound IIa-1 (R=-C6H5; R1= morpholine; R2= C6H5-NH-) exhibited most potent activity against K562 cell lines. Compound IIIa-1 (R=-C6H5; R3= C6H5-NH-) has been proved to be the most cytotoxic compound among the other derivatives against Hep 3b cell lines.
AVERMECTIN PRODUCTION BY SOLID STATE FERMENTATION-A NOVEL APPROACH
Authors: Khan Shadab , Awadhiya Pushpendra , Patil Shridhar , Banerjee Tushar
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present study was carried out to evaluate SSF process for the production of avermectin by Streptomyces avermitilis NRRL 8165 using easily available grains, millets and some agricultural by-product.Methods: Various substrates were screened for their ability to support avermectin production. Different parameters to maximize the yield of avermectin by S. avermitilis NRRL 8165 under SSF were optimized by conventional one factor at a time approach and parameters optimized earlier were adopted for the subsequent study.Results: Sorghum seeds used as solid substrate supported maximum growth and total avermectin production (4.6 mg g-1 dry substrate). The optimum values for maximum avermectin production were: moistening medium containing g l-1 KH2PO4 1; MgSO4.7H2O 0.4, inoculum size 20 % (24 h old culture in yeast extract-malt extract dextrose medium) v/w of initial dry substrate, substrate particle size 0.5 to 4 mm, incubation temperature 28 °C, initial moisture level 105%, incubation period of 15 d, 8 % w/w sucrose and 5% w/w soyameal. The avermectin yield with optimized fermentation condition was 5.8 mg g-1 dry substrate which is 1.3 fold higher as compared to non-optimized condition.Conclusion: Avermectin produced by S. avermitilis are widely used as an anthelmintic agent in the medical, veterinary and agricultural applications. In comparison with submerged fermentation, SSF can become an alternative cost-effective method for the production of avermectin. This report demonstrates the feasibility of employing agro-based substrate, that could reduce antibiotics production cost.
ASSESSMENT OF THE PRODUCTION VARIABLES ON THE PELLETIZATION PROPERTIES OF MICROCRYSTALLINE CELLULOSE II (MCCII)
Authors: Rojas John , Correa David
Published: October 2017

Objective: To study microcrystalline cellulose II (MCCII) as new pelletization aid using the extrusion/spheronization technology.Methods: The effect of the spheronization rate and spheronization time was assessed by a response surface design. The shape descriptors and physical properties of pellets were taken as response variables. Approximately, 30 g of MCCII were hydrated, passed through a # 20 mesh sieve and spheronizated at frequencies of 6, 9 and 12 Hz and residence times of 15, 240 and 480 s in 9 experimental runs. In a separate experimental set, moisture levels of 25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% were employed at the optimal operating conditions of 6 Hz and 480 s. A microscopy analysis was used to evaluate the shape descriptors. Pellets properties such as compressibility, friability, porosity, strength, flow rate and mass were also evaluated.Results: Pellets having a small size and a high value of shape descriptors related to morphology were obtained employing a spheronization rate and spheronization time of 6Hz and 480s and 100% wetting level. The spheronization time increased pellet densification but decreased the total porosity. Pellet mass was also favoured by using high spheronization rates. A high moisture level (>100%) rendered pellets having a large size, mass, low porosity and good yield. Conversely, pellet size decreased as sample load increased, whereas porosity and compressibility increased as sample load augmented.Conclusion: MCCII offers the potential for use as an alternative pelletization agent rendering pellets having a good flowability, high mechanical strength and low friability at the optimal operational conditions.
DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE DOWNREGULATES BONE RESORPTION ACTIVITY OF OSTEOCLASTS IN DOSE DEPENDENT MANNER: AN IN VITRO MODEL USING RAW 264.7 CELLS
Authors: Thu Hnin Ei , Hussain Zahid , Mohamed Isa Naina , Shuid Ahmad Nazrun
Published: October 2017

Objective: Numerous studies have evidenced the bone regulatory potential of dihydrotestosterone in androgen-deficient osteoporosis. The present study was thus aimed to explore the translational mechanism of dihydrotestosterone to down-regulate the bone resorption activity of osteoclasts using RAW 264.7 cells as in vitro model.Methods: Prior to analyze the efficacy of dihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) to alleviate osteoclastic differentiation, their cell viability and cell proliferative ability was assessed using lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and MTS assays. The osteoclastic differentiation capacity of dihydrotestosterone was evaluated by measuring TRAP activity and the expression of bone resorption-related proteins such as matrix metallopeptidase-9 (MMP-9), cathepsin-K, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and NFATc1. Moreover, the effects of dihydrotestosterone were also evaluated on superoxide (free radicals) generation and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in RANKL-induced osteoclasts.Results: Dihydrotestosterone showed no toxicity towards RAW 264.7 cells and significantly enhanced their proliferation and growth rates in a dose-dependent fashion. It was also observed that dihydrotestosterone exhibits a remarkable inhibitory effect on differentiation, maturation and activation of osteoclasts. The marked inhibition of differentiation and activation of osteoclasts caused by 5α-DHT was due to down-regulation of the expression of MMP-9, cathepsin-K, TRAP, NFATc1, generation of superoxide and up-regulation of SOD activity in the RAW 264.7 cells.Conclusion: Resulting data provided substantially in vitroevidence for the pronounced anti-osteoclastogenetic activity of dihydrotestosterone and its therapeutic value in treating osteoporosis and other bone-erosive disorders.
ACTUAL OR POTENTIAL EXTENDED SERVICES PERFORMED BY MALAYSIAN COMMUNITY PHARMACISTS, PERCEPTIONS AND BARRIERS TOWARDS IT’S PERFORMANCE: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW
Authors: Nordin Nazri , Hassali Mohamed Azmi Ahmad , Sarriff Azmi
Published: October 2017

Objective: Aims of this review were to identify actual or potential extended services performed in community pharmacy settings, perceptions among community pharmacists (CPs), general practitioners (GPs), consumers and policymakers of these extended services and barriers towards its performance.Methods: A literature review was conducted, using Google Scholar and PubMed as a searching engine.Results: Identifying eight quality full texts to review which fulfil the inclusion searching criteria, revealing a wide range of actual or potential extended services performed by CPs such as counselling on asthma, cardiovascular disease, breast cancer, diabetes, smoking cessation and self-medication. GPs’ perceptions towards these extended services were varied, not or in favour of CPs to perform some actual or potential extended services. Customers were in favour of CPs to perform these actual or potential extended services whereas CPs indicated a few barriers towards the performance of these actual or potential extended services.Conclusion: As a conclusion, CPs in Malaysia were in the right position to perform the actual or potential extended services, collaborating with GPs to promote better medication use and enhance patients’ quality of life. Some barriers towards these extended services must be intervened in order to enhance the quality of the services.
PRODUCTION AND PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF PIGMENTS PRODUCED BY KOCURIA SP BRI 36: INFLUENCE OF HEAVY METALS
Authors: Mulik Anuradha , Kumbhar Priyanka , Bhadekar Rama
Published: October 2017

Objective: To study the production of pigments by Kocuria sp. BRI 36, their characteristics and influence of heavy metals on pigments.Methods: The effects of various physical and chemical parameters on pigments production by Kocuria sp. BRI 36 were examined. Pigments were extracted and partially characterised by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). The effects of heavy metals such as Pb2+, Cd 2+, Ni2+ and Cr3+ were studied on pigment production. Antimicrobial activity and stability studies of crude pigment were also conducted.Results: Kocuria sp. BRI 36 isolated from cold oceanic region maximally produced red-orange pigment in presence of glucose (5% w/v) and protease peptone (0.2% w/v) at pH 7.5, 10±1 °C. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) analysis revealed the occurrence of three different compounds in the crude pigment belonging to carotenoid and xanthophyll group. Metals like Ni2+ and Cr3+ adversely affected pigment production while Pb2+and Cd2+enhanced the yield. The significant features of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigment are i) antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, ii) maximum stability at pH 7.5 and 10±1 °C and iii) ~38% color loss at 50±1 °C in 5 h.Conclusion: Our results suggest application potential of Kocuria sp. BRI 36 pigments in various biotechnological fields.
SYNERGISTIC ANTIOXIDANT ACTION OF MURRAYA KOENIGII AND PLUMERIA RUBRA EXTRACTS ENHANCE HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFICACY AGAINST METHOTREXATE INDUCED LIVER INJURY
Authors: S. Engineer A. , S. Pal , R. Desai K. , N. Highland H.
Published: October 2017

Objective: The present study was focussed on evaluating the hepatoprotective capacity of a combination of leaf extracts of Murraya koenigii and Plumeria rubra on drug-induced toxicity in mice liver.Methods: Hydromethanolic and aqueous extracts were prepared from the leaves of Murraya koenigii and Plumeria rubra. A combination of these extracts was tested as a dual formulation (DF). The extracts were evaluated for their antioxidant activity and phytochemical content. Healthy adult male mice were treated in five groups, for 30 d: Control (Group I-Untreated), Group II (Methotrexate at 10 mg/kg Body weight, intraperitoneally), Group III (Methotrexate+Silymarin), Group IV (Methotrexate+hydromethanolic extract of DF-250 mg/kg b.w., orally), Group V (Methotrexate+aqueous extract of the DF-250 mg/kg b.w. orally). After treatment, the animals were necropsied. Blood was collected for serum parameters such as alanine transaminase (ALT), Aspartate transaminase (AST) and γ glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT). Further liver function tests like Alkaline phosphatase (ALP), Phosphorylase as well as Oxidative stress parameters like Lipid peroxidation (LPO), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), Catalase (CAT), along with the liver protein and cholesterol content were analyzed.Results: Administration of both the DF extracts significantly ameliorated the methotrexate-induced toxic effects on all the aforementioned biochemical parameters. The hydromethanolic extract showed significant recovery in the liver function tests like ALT (p<0.05) and AST (p<0.001). Antioxidant stress enzymes like SOD (p<0.001) and Catalase (p<0.001) also showed significant recovery after administration of both the extracts. The other parameters assayed also followed the same trend. Although both the extracts showed remarkable hepatoprotection, the hydromethanolic extract was found to be significantly more potent than the aqueous extract.Conclusion: The present study concludes that the Dual formulation of the extracts of Murraya koenigii and Plumeria rubra could be an effective hepatoprotective agent due to the synergistic action of the phytoconstituents of both the plants.
ASSOCIATION OF PATIENT RELATED RISKFACTORS WITH EFFECTIVENESS OF PALLIATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY IN CANCER PATIENTS
Authors: Mugada Vinodkumar , Sneha Priyanka Polaramsetti , Prashanth Pidaparthy , Jyothirmai Pedasanaganti
Published: October 2017

Objective: To assess the association of some risk factors on the effectiveness of palliative chemotherapy treatment in cancer patients.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the department of radiotherapy for a period of 6 mo. Ages, Gender, Cancer type, Physical Functioning, Anxiety and Depression, Medical Social Support, Comorbidities, Adverse Drug Reactions are defined as risk factors. The effectiveness of palliative chemotherapy treatment was defined according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST). Mean and standard deviation was calculated from the age. The association between risk factors and the effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment was found by chi-square test. The level of significance was taken as p<0.05.Results: The association between risk factors and effectiveness of palliative chemotherapy treatment was found using Chi-Square test. The mean age of patients in the present study was 50.57±12.62 y. Females were more commonly affected. The Majority of the patients were illiterate, married and homemaker. Reproductive system related cancers (50.66%) were more predominant in the present study. A statistically significant association was observed between age (p=0.027), physical functioning (p=0.0076), anxiety (p=0.000072) and depression (p=0.000016), co-morbidities (p<0.00001) and adverse drug reactions (p<0.00001) with effectiveness of chemotherapy treatment.Conclusion: By predicting these risk factors prior to the initiation of treatment, we can minimize their unfavourable effect on the effectiveness of treatment.