bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Integration of Big Data With Information Retrieval Technology in the Construction of Translation Talent Pools
Authors: Li Xiaoli , Yang Huqun
Published: August 2024

This paper conducts a corresponding study on the construction of a translation talent pool internally through the context of information retrieval technology. It first discusses the current state of development of information retrieval technology in various countries in the present era and the current social development of information retrieval technology. A model of the system is constructed by basing it on information retrieval technology. The system model of information retrieval technology combined with the optimisation problems associated with translation talent pools is also investigated, incorporating a factorisation algorithm. The results of the study show that the system model of big data combined with information retrieval technology has good application in concrete practical applications after modelling and performing internal upgrading.
Artificial Intelligence Technology on Layered Water Injection in Oilfield Development Process
Authors: Wang Dewei , Qin Qiang
Published: August 2024

Since the 1960s, researchers have worked to advance water flooding technology to address challenges like high viscosity, low fluidity, and depleting reservoirs, aiming to prevent oil fields from becoming unproductive. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI), computer vision, and advanced algorithms like BP neural networks has recently revolutionized this field. These technological advancements have upgraded water injection methodologies, overcoming past limitations and enabling real-time monitoring and dynamic control of water injection into different oil layers. This 'intelligent layering' ensures optimized water management, enhancing overall recovery rates. This overview highlights the progression of water injection techniques, critiques traditional methods' shortcomings, and delves into the cutting-edge applications of AI-driven intelligent layering systems. It serves as a valuable guide for oil industry stakeholders, equipment manufacturers, and research institutions seeking to refine water injection practices and boost hydrocarbon extraction efficiency.
Z-Number TODIM-EDAS Decision-Making Framework for Cultural Tourism Competitiveness Evaluation in the Yellow River Basin
Authors: Guo Yourong
Published: August 2024

Cultural tourism, as a new and highly knowledgeable form of tourism, is gradually replacing traditional tourism and becoming the core competitiveness of tourism industry development in regions with abundant cultural tourism resources. Culture endows tourism with new connotations, and achieving the integration and development of cultural and tourism industries is of great significance for enhancing the competitiveness of China's cultural tourism industry. The cultural tourism competitiveness evaluation under the background of rural revitalization is a MADM. TODIM and EDAS technique was employed to manage MADM. The Z-number is employed as a tool for portraying uncertain information during the cultural tourism competitiveness evaluation in the Yellow River basin under the background of rural revitalization. In this work, the Z-number TODIM-EDAS (ZN-TODIM-EDAS) technique is cultivated to manage the MADM under Z-number. Finally, a numerical study for cultural tourism competitiveness evaluation in the Yellow River basin is conducted to verify the ZN-TODIM-EDAS technique.
Dynamic Bias-Temperature Instability Testing in SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Martino Edoardo , Kicin Slavo , Zong Yuan , Nasralla Ahmad , Romano Gianpaolo , Burkart Ralph , Mesemanolis Athanasios , Wirths Stephan
Published: August 2024

For power converter development in mission critical applications, the attractive performances of SiC power MOSFETs are shadowed by reliability concerns, particularly those induced by the defects at the gate dielectric. Charge trapping at the oxide-semiconductor interface can lead to threshold voltage drift, degrading the power converter efficiency and lifetime. The scope of this contribution is to show a testing methodology under development to understand SiC power MOSFET threshold voltage stability under dynamic and accelerated operating conditions. The presented testing methodology relies on switching the device under test at high-voltage and current, simultaneously applying a gate stress and extracting threshold voltage from switching transients. The paper outlines the setup description, its operating modes and intended design of experiment to assess SiC MOSFET threshold voltage stability.
Impregnation of Ce3+ in YPO4 Lattice for Enhanced Green Emission for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Pyngrope Davidson , Syndai Phlegon , Prasad Amresh I.
Published: August 2024

Green light-emitting YPO4:Tb3+ and YPO4:Tb3+: Ce3+ nanoparticles were synthesised at low temperatures using the polyol method. The phase purity, micromorphology and luminescence characteristics were studied using Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transfer Infrared absorption spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Photoluminescence spectroscopy (PL). Combined XRD and TEM analysis showed that the YPO4 nanoparticles crystallised into a single phase of tetragonal (I41/amd) structure. For all samples, the emission intensity at λem=543 nm assigned to 5D4→7F5 is more prominent than 5D4→7F6 with a maximum at λem=488 nm, and the asymmetric ratio was calculated and analysed. The asymmetric ratio is strongly correlated with the symmetry around the local environment of Tb3+ ions. A significant increase in the asymmetric ratio is observed with an increase in annealing temperature. The energy transfer from Ce3+ ions to Tb3+ ions was tested by studying the photoluminescence properties of YPO4:Tb3+ and YPO4:Tb3+: Ce3+ nanoparticles and how it results in the improvement of the luminescence intensity. The Ce3+5d−4f and Tb3+5D4→7FJ (J = 6 − 3) transitions were observed.
Modelling-Augmented Failure Diagnostics in Planar SiC MOS Devices Using TDDB Measurements
Authors: Cornigli Davide , Schlichting Holger , Becker Tom , Larcher Luca , Erlbacher Johann Tobias , Pesic Milan
Published: August 2024

In this study we analyzed the physical mechanisms governing time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) and we used TDDB physical model of dielectric breakdown, implemented in the defect-centric Ginestra® modeling platform, to deconvolute the intrinsic material properties effects and geometry feature impact on the gate oxide (GOx) and SiC-device breakdown.
The Impact of Gamma Irradiation on 4H-SiC Bipolar Junction Inverters under Various Biasing Conditions
Authors: Metreveli Alex , Hallén Anders , di Sarcina Ilaria , Cemmi Alessia , Verna Adriano , Zetterling Carl Mikael
Published: August 2024

In this study, we introduce the impact of gamma irradiation on 4H-SiC based transistor-transistor logic (TTL) inverters. These monolithic bipolar inverters have been successfully demonstrated in a broad spectrum of temperature and supply voltage conditions. In this iteration of experiments, attempts made to the processing to increase beta values. The gamma radiation tests from a 60Co source were conducted under various operation conditions and measured in-situ under different biasing conditions. The Silicon Carbide Integrated circuits ( SiC ICs) show excellent tolerance properties to gamma radiation up to doses of nearly 1 MRad. Comparable Si BJT-based TTL inverters show considerable degradation already at one order of magnitude lower doses, clearly demonstrating the superior radiation hardness of 4H-SiC ICs.
UIS Ruggedness of Parallel 4H-SiC MOSFETs
Authors: Steinmann Philipp , Atzeri Marco , Ji In Hwan , Langan Jared , Myers Kevin , Oldham Neal , Park Jae Hyung , Potera Rahul , Rinderer Caleb , van Brunt Edward
Published: August 2024

We have studied the UIS (Unclamped Inductive Switching) ruggedness of SiC MOSFETs in parallel. We show that UIS ruggedness of parallel MOSFETs is a function of the difference in their breakdown voltage (Δ-BVDSS). As expected, for large Δ-BVDSS UIS, ruggedness is dominated by the lower BVDSS transistor. Somewhat unexpectedly, for small enough Δ-BVDSS, UIS ruggedness is better than the sum of its two transistors. Specifically, the energy that parallel transistors of low Δ-BVDSS can sustain depends on the peak current and is 10%-20% higher than the sum of the energies of the individual transistors. We explain the physical mechanism of this effect and extend the concept to the case of more than 2 parallel transistors. These findings are important for the efficient design of power circuits with multiple die in parallel.
Study of the Bias Driven Threshold Voltage Drift of 1.2 kV SiC MOSFETs in Power Cycling and High Temperature Gate Bias Tests
Authors: Boldyrjew-Mast Roman , Heimler Patrick , Liu Xing , Reiter Kristiane , Schwabe Christian , Thönelt Nick , Lutz Josef , Basler Thomas
Published: August 2024

Threshold voltage instability remains a challenging aspect for metal-oxide semiconductor-field-effect-transistors (MOSFETs) made from silicon carbide (SiC). SiC MOSFETs from two manufacturers, with planar and trench gate structure respectively, have been tested under different test procedures, including power cycling and high temperature gate bias tests. The standard power cycling test setup has been modified to enable an in situ threshold voltage read-out procedure with the hysteresis method. The recorded threshold voltage drift has been compared with results from high temperature gate bias tests applying a simple power law fit, with the intention to predict the drift in power cycling tests. For the group with trench MOSFETs comparable results between power cycling and gate stress tests have been achieved.
Experimental Demonstration of Ultra-Fast SiC MOSFET Overload Protection Using Embedded Current and Temperature Sensors
Authors: Tournier Dominique , Vadebout Thomas , Bevilacqua Pascal , Brosselard Pierre , de Palma Jean François
Published: August 2024

Fault protection of AC and DC network using semiconductors requires accurate electrothermal design of active and passive devices to keep power losses low in nominal condition and to sustain high current overload. Using SiC MOSFET for SSPC arises challenges to keep power losses low and to ensure robustness versus abnormal operating condition. Indeed, unpredictable events can dramatically damage the device integrity such as current overload, short-circuit... To overcome those issues, ones are generally carefully design driving system, implementing sensors and fast digital control circuit computing to sense simultaneously current, voltage and temperature, to analyze and detect abnormal operating condition. To reduce the whole detection transmission and reaction chain, we have designed a 1200V ; 30A ; 65mΩ instrumented SiC MOSFET, including both a current mirror and a temperature sensor in the active area of the die. This paper reports for the first-time real-time SiC instrumented MOSFET temperature and current measurement without the need of external sensors nor estimators.
Navigating the AI Frontier in Neurological Practice
Authors: Chang Thashi
Published: August 2024

No abstract available
Mild Primary or Breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 Infection Promotes Autoantibody Production in Individuals with and without Neuro-PASC
Authors: Visvabharathy Lavanya , Dalil Neda , Leonor Lucia , Zhu Chengsong , Orban Zachary S , Jimenez Millenia , Lim Patrick H , Penaloza-MacMaster Pablo , Koralnik Igor J
Published: August 2024

Patients with long COVID can develop humoral autoimmunity after severe acute SARS-CoV-2 infection. However, whether similar increases in autoantibody responses occur after mild infection and whether vaccination prior to SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection can limit autoantibody responses is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that mild SARS-CoV-2 infection increases autoantibodies associated with rheumatic autoimmune diseases and diabetes in most individuals, regardless of vaccination status prior to infection. However, patients with long COVID and persistent neurologic and fatigue symptoms (neuro-PASC) have substantially higher autoantibody responses than convalescent control subjects at an average of 8 mo postinfection. Furthermore, high titers of systemic lupus erythematosus– and CNS-associated autoantibodies in patients with neuro-PASC are associated with impaired cognitive performance and greater symptom severity. In summary, we found that mild SARS-CoV-2 primary and breakthrough infections can induce persistent humoral autoimmunity in both patients with neuro-PASC and healthy COVID convalescents, suggesting that a reappraisal of mitigation strategies against SARS-CoV-2 is warranted to prevent transmission and potential development of autoimmunity.
Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase-1 Regulates Pyroptosis Independent Function of NLRP3 Inflammasome in Neutrophil Extracellular Trap Formation
Authors: Delinois Louis J , Sharma Atul , Ramesh Ashwin K , Boatright Laurel D , Li Qun , Xu Rong , Luo Hongbo R , Mishra Bibhuti B , Sharma Jyotika
Published: August 2024

Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) function to control infectious agents as well as to propagate inflammatory response in a variety of disease conditions. DNA damage associated with chromatin decondensation and NACHT domain-leucine-rich repeat-and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation have emerged as crucial events in NET formation, but the link between the two processes is unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase-1 (PARP-1), a key DNA repair enzyme, regulates NET formation triggered by NLRP3 inflammasome activation in neutrophils. Activation of mouse neutrophils with canonical NLRP3 stimulants LPS and nigericin induced NET formation, which was significantly abrogated by pharmacological inhibition of PARP-1. We found that PARP-1 is required for NLRP3 inflammasome assembly by regulating post-transcriptional levels of NLRP3 and ASC dimerization. Importantly, this PARP-1–regulated NLRP3 activation for NET formation was independent of inflammasome-mediated pyroptosis, because caspase-1 and gasdermin D processing as well as IL-1β transcription and secretion remained intact upon PARP-1 inhibition in neutrophils. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition or genetic ablation of caspase-1 and gasdermin D had no effect on NLRP3-mediated NET formation. Mechanistically, PARP-1 inhibition increased p38 MAPK activity, which was required for downmodulation of NLRP3 and NETs, because concomitant inhibition of p38 MAPK with PARP-1 restored NLRP3 activation and NET formation. Finally, mice undergoing bacterial peritonitis exhibited increased survival upon treatment with PARP-1 inhibitor, which correlated with increased leukocyte influx and improved intracellular bacterial clearance. Our findings reveal a noncanonical pyroptosis-independent role of NLRP3 in NET formation regulated by PARP-1 via p38 MAPK, which can be targeted to control NETosis in inflammatory diseases.
Maternal Helminth Infection Causes Dysfunctional B Cell Development in Male Offspring
Authors: Gibbs Lisa C , Oviedo Juan M , Ondigo Bartholomew N , Fairfax Keke C
Published: August 2024

Infections during pregnancy are known to trigger alterations in offspring immunity, often leading to increased disease susceptibility. Maternal helminth infections correlate with lower Ab titers to certain childhood immunizations and putative decreased vaccine efficacy. The mechanisms that underlie how maternal infection blunts offspring humoral responses are unclear. Using our murine model of maternal schistosomiasis, we found that maternal helminth infection decreases the germinal center response of all offspring to tetanus immunization. However, only male offspring have defects in memory B cell and long-lived plasma cell generation. We found this sex-specific aberration begins during B cell development within the bone marrow via alteration of the IL-7 niche and persists throughout antigenic activation in the germinal center in the periphery. Critically, these defects in males are cell intrinsic, persisting following adoptive transfer to control male pups. Together, these data show that maternal infections can alter both the bone marrow microenvironment and the development of B lymphocytes in a sex-specific manner. This study correlates maternal infection induced defects in early life B cell development with ineffective Ab responses after vaccination.
Optimizing Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Based on Intra-Abdominal Pressure in Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Hancı P , Demir ET , Şekerci B , İnal V
Published: August 2024

Background:

Positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) is a crucial component of mechanical ventilation to improve oxygenation in critically ill patients with respiratory failure. The interaction between abdominal and thoracic compartment pressures is known well. Especially in intra-abdominal hypertension, lower PEEP may cause atelectotrauma by repetitive opening and closing of alveoli.

Aim:

In this study, it was aimed to investigate the effect of PEEP adjustment according to the intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on oxygenation and clarify possible harms.

Method:

Patients older than 18 were mechanically ventilated due to hypoxemic respiratory failure and had normal IAP (<15 mmHg) included in the study. Patients with severe cardiovascular dysfunction were excluded. The following PEEP levels were applied: PEEPzero of 0 cmH2O, PEEPIAP/2 = 50% of IAP, and PEEPIAP = 100% of IAP. After a 30-minute equilibration period, arterial blood gases and mean arterial pressures were measured.

Results:

One hundred thirty-eight patients (mean age 66.5 ± 15.9, 56.5% male) enrolled on the study. The mean IAP was 9.8 ± 3.4. Seventy-nine percent of the patients’ PaO2/FiO2 ratio was under 300 mmHg. Figure 1 shows the change in PaO2/FiO2 ratio, PaCO2, PPlato, and MAP of the patients according to the PEEP levels. Overall increases were detected in the PaO2/FiO2 ratio (P < 0.001) and Pplato (P < 0.001), while PaCO2 and MAP did not change after increasing PEEP gradually. Pairwise analyses revealed differences in PaO2/FiO2 between PEEPzero (186.4 [85.7–265.8]) and PEEPIAP/2 (207.7 [101.7–292.9]) (t = -0.77, P < 0.001), between baseline and PEEPIAP (236.1 [121.4–351.0]) (t = -1.7, P < 0.001), and between PEEPIAP/2 and PEEPIAP (t = -1.0, P < 0.001). Plato pressures were in the safe range (<30 cmH2O) at all three PEEP levels (PEEPzero = 12 [10–15], PEEPIAP/2 = 15 [13–18], PEEPIAP = 17 [14–22]).

Conclusion:

In patients with acute hypoxemic respiratory failure and mechanically ventilated, PEEP adjustment according to the IAB improves oxygenation, especially in the settings of the limited source where other PEEP titration methods are absent.
Hepatitis Delta Virus Surveillance Practice among Clinicians in Nigeria: A Cross-Sectional Survey
Authors: Ifeorah IM , Musa Y , Abdulkareem LO , Oguntoye OO , Gideon OD , Ogunwale AO , Ogu CO , Ariyo OE
Published: August 2024

Background:

The near total absence of routine Hepatitis Delta Virus (HDV) screening in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa is a major challenge to understanding the burden of HDV in the region.

Aim:

To evaluate Hepatitis Delta Virus screening practices and associated factors among clinicians in Nigeria.

Methods:

A cross-sectional study was conducted in June–July 2022, in which a self-administered questionnaire that inquired about HDV awareness, screening practices, and treatment options was shared electronically with consenting clinicians practicing in Nigeria. At the end of the survey, data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The level of significance was set at 0.05.

Results:

At the end of the survey, 210 of the 213 responses retrieved from respondents were analyzed. The respondent’s mean age was 38.60 ± 7.27 years with a male-to-female ratio of 1:2.5. They comprised 13.8% gastroenterologists and 86.2% respondents in other areas of clinical medicine. The study showed that 89.5% of the respondents knew that HDV infection occurs only in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals. Most (91.4%) respondents do not screen for HDV in chronic HBV patients, mainly due to the non-availability of screening tools and lack of awareness of any screening test for HDV. Research interest was reported as the reason for screening among clinicians who had ever screened for HDV. Pegylated interferon was the main regimen used for treatment by 87.5% of respondents. About 2% did not know treatment options for HDV. A significant association between knowledge of HDV infection and area of specialty, as well as the nature of medical practice was noted (P = 0.008 and 0.013, respectively).

Conclusion:

The study showed a high level of awareness of HDV dependency on HBV, for natural infection to occur. However, it documented very minimal HDV screening in clinical settings and factors affecting screening among clinicians.
Brain Diffusion Changes in Perinatal Asphyxia Cases
Authors: Dogan F , Gumus H
Published: August 2024

Background:

Prolonged perinatal asphyxia (PA) may cause hypoxic-ischemic damage to the brain. The aim of this study was to investigate the brain diffusion changes of patients with PA and examine the relationship with brain damage.

Methods:

This retrospective study included 55 patients diagnosed with PA, separated into mild and severe PA groups. For the evaluation of brain damage in all the study neonates, brain and diffusion MRI scans were performed using a 3T device. The scans were taken between 5 and 10 days postnatal, after completion of hypothermia treatment, in accordance with the standard clinical protocol of our institution. Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values of the lentiform nucleus, thalamus, frontal white matter, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule were measured. Minitab package programs and SPSS version 20.0 software were used for statistical analysis and graphic drawing. Spearman’s rank correlation analysis was used.

Results:

The bilateral lentiform nucleus, thalamus, frontal white matter, and posterior limbs of the internal capsule ADC values were significantly higher in the severe PA group than in the mild PA group.

Conclusions:

In neonates with severe perinatal asphyxia, brain damage can be evaluated on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) of the cerebral deep white matter and basal ganglia. DWI, imaging with conventional brain MRI comes to the fore in clinical importance in PA patients.
Artificial Intelligence and Cardiology Practice in Nigeria: Are We Ready?
Authors: Antia SE , Ajaero CC , Kalu AU , Odili AN , Ugwu CN , Isiguzo GC
Published: August 2024

Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of death globally. As cardiovascular risk factors continuously rise to pandemic levels, there is intense pressure worldwide to improve cardiac care in preventive cardiology, cardio-diagnostics, therapeutics, and interventional cardiology. Artificial intelligence (AI), an advanced branch of computer science has ushered in the fourth industrial revolution with myriad opportunities in healthcare including cardiology. The developed world has embraced the technology, and the pressure not to be left behind is intense for both policymakers and practicing physicians/cardiologists in low to middle-income countries (LMICs) like Nigeria. This is especially daunting for LMICs who are already plagued with a high burden of infectious disease, unemployment, physician burnt, brain drain, and a developing cardiac practice. Should the focus of cardiovascular care be on men or machines? Is the technology sustainable in a low-resource setting? What lessons did we learn from the COVID-19 pandemic? We attempt to zero in on the dilemmas of AI in the Nigerian setting including AI acceptance, the bottlenecks of cardiology practice in Nigeria, the role of AI, and the type of AI that may be adapted to strengthen cardiovascular care of Nigerians.
Early Results of the First 15 Operative Closures of Atrial Septal Defect in Burkina Faso, West Africa
Authors: Sawadogo Adama , Bazongo Moussa , Belem Farid Pingwindé , Zonga Yacouba , Somé Hippolyte Nebepoua , Tamboura Yacouba , Naré Youssouf , Sanou Alain , Sanou Adama
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass started in the world by atrial septal defect (ASD) closure. In Burkina Faso, West Africa, open heart surgery was started in January 2021 with an operating closure of ASD (O-ASD) at the University Hospital of Tengandogo. The aim of this study was to report the early results of the first 15 cases of O-ASD that were performed in West Africa.

Materials and Methods:

Over a period of 2 years from January 1, 2021, to December 31, 2022, 15 patients (eight female patients and seven male patients) consecutively underwent standard closure through the right atrium. The mean age was 15.7 years (range, 3–42 years). Outcomes were defined according to cardiopulmonary and aortic cross-clamp time, intensive care unit stay time, and postoperative morbidity and mortality.

Results:

All the patients presented with secundum ASD with an average size of 20.3 mm (range, 10–32 mm). Overall, 86.7% of the patients presented with dilated right chambers, and 40% with a mild-to-moderate pulmonary hypertension. The mean cardiopulmonary bypass time was 76.9 min (46–150 min), and the mean aortic cross-clamp time was 39.8 min (range, 18–86 min). The postoperative course was uneventful in 14 patients (93.3%). During the study period, one patient died from consecutive complications including neurologic deficit, acute renal insufficiency and septic shock.

Conclusion:

In Burkina Faso, the diagnosis of congenital heart diseases has been performed late when complications have already appeared. However, O-ASD is now feasible in Burkina Faso as a safe and efficient procedure. Key actions to perform are promoting prenatal diagnosis and early correction.
The Impact of a Nurse-Led Cardiac Rehabilitation Program on Knowledge, Medication Adherence, and Quality of Life in Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Kaur Harvinder , Grover Vijay , Bhushan Rahul
Published: August 2024

Background:

Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients require comprehensive education and support to achieve optimal rehabilitation outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a nurse-led cardiac rehabilitation program (NLCRP) on knowledge, medication adherence, and quality of life (QoL) in CABG patients.

Materials and Methods:

A randomized controlled trial was conducted among 120 CABG patients at a tertiary care hospital in New Delhi, India. Participants were assigned to an experimental group (EG), being part of an NLCRP, or a control group (CG) receiving routine care. The NLCRP spanned 7 days and included education, counseling, demonstrations, and motivational follow-up calls. Knowledge, medication adherence, and QoL were assessed at baseline and multiple post-intervention timepoints using validated tools.

Results:

The EG demonstrated substantial improvements in mean knowledge scores, from 10.32 ± 3.69 at baseline to 39.92 ± 0.28 at day 75, compared to the CG (11.00 ± 2.27 to 19.80 ± 4.92). Medication adherence increased significantly in the EG (2.05 ± 1.17 to 3.88 ± 0.32), but decreased in the CG (2.28 ± 1.01 to 1.97 ± 0.61). QoL scores increased markedly in the EG (40.63 ± 7.13 to 84.13 ± 5.66) compared to the CG (41.62 ± 9.69 to 55.20 ± 8.44). Strong positive correlations were found between knowledge, medication adherence, and QoL post-intervention. Reductions in lipid profile, blood pressure, body weight, and BMI were also noted in the EG.

Conclusions:

The NLCRP effectively enhanced knowledge, medication adherence, and QoL in CABG patients. Tailored education, counseling, and motivational support delivered by nurses can optimize rehabilitation outcomes. These findings support the implementation of NLCRP as part of standard CABG care.
Diagnostic and Surgical Outcomes of Mediastinal Tumors in Adults: What Place for Conventional Surgery in Resource-Limited Countries?
Authors: Rabiou Sani , Zabeirou Aliou , Issoufou Ibrahim , Harmouchi Hicham , Lakranbi Marouane , Ouadnouni Yassine , Mohamed Smahi
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Mediastinum tumors are a heterogeneous group of tumors with diverse and varied presentations. We reviewed our experience with mediastinal tumors and the role of conventional surgery in their management in countries with limited resources.

Materials and Methods:

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with mediastinal tumors who underwent surgery at our Thoracic Surgery Department, University Hospital Center, Fez, Morocco, from January 2009 to December 2017.

Results:

A total of 56 patients underwent surgical resection for mediastinal tumors during the 9-year study period. Chest computed tomography imaging was obtained in all patients, and magnetic resonance imaging and technetium 99 (99-m Tc-methoxy-isobutyl-isomitril) scintigraphy were required in select patients. Sternotomy was the most frequently used surgical approach. Histopathology of the resected surgical specimens were 9 neurogenic tumors, 9 cystic benign tumors, 7 ectopic parathyroid adenomas, 8 teratomas, and 23 epithelial tumors of the thymus. Postoperative morbidity and mortality were 5.3% and 5.3%, respectively. All deaths were in patients with thymus epithelial tumors.

Conclusion:

Conventional surgery has acceptable morbidity and mortality and remains a viable therapeutic approach despite the advent of minimally invasive techniques like video-assisted surgery in recent decades.
A clinical approach in the management of endodontic-periodontal lesions of endodontic origin: Two case reports with 2-year follow-up
Authors: Dede Maria , Georgopoulou Maria
Published: August 2024

The term “endodontic-periodontal” (endo-perio) lesions describe lesions with the involvement of pulpal tissues and the periodontium of a tooth. These cases regarding the diagnosis, management, and prognosis of teeth are challenging for the clinician. The aim of this article was to discuss two cases of endo-perio lesions in molars with large periapical radiolucencies. Two healthy male individuals came with a chief complaint of pain during chewing. During clinical examination, a deep periodontal pocket of 10 mm and 7 mm, respectively, was noticed in both cases, and large periapical radiolucencies extended to the apical region were confirmed by the intraoral periapical radiographs. Evaluation of the symptoms together with the clinical findings determined the diagnosis endo-perio lesion of endodontic origin and accordingly the decision for the management. The successful treatment outcome with the periodontal healing in both cases was observed soon 40 days after orthograde root canal treatment. Conservative endodontic therapy was the key to the healing of the periapical tissues in endo-perio lesions of endodontic origin. The clinical approach as well as the 2-year follow-up of those compromised endo-perio lesions showed that endodontic therapy resulted in the healing, whereas no periodontal therapy was performed and the initial decision-making was confirmed.
Metallurgical influence of separated endodontic instruments on the retrieval capability of katana-sword-like ultrasonic tip under different lubricants: In vitro study
Authors: Hakim Omnia Abdel , Sabet Nihal Ezzat , Elasfouri Heba Ahmed
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Ultrasonic retrieval is a time-consuming procedure sacrificing considerable amounts of dentin. This study aimed to assess the retrieval capability of katana tip on different alloys under different lubricants regarding dentin thickness and retrieval time.

Materials and Methods:

Extracted premolars were used to reach 40 samples. The apical 4 mm of X2 ProTaper Next and A1 Neoniti instruments were fractured, and katana tip was utilized for retrieval, using ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or olive oil as intracanal lubricants. Dentin thickness was assessed using cone-beam computed tomography, and the time of retrieval was recorded.

Results:

There was no significant difference in the retrieval capability among the groups. Different alloys and lubricants had no significant effect on dentin thickness. However, olive oil significantly reduced the retrieval time.

Conclusion:

Katana tip proved to be efficient enough to retrieve apically separated instruments in curved canals, with instrument’s metallurgical makeup presenting minimal effect on its capability. Katana tip and high-viscosity lubricants reduced the retrieval time, which might reduce the dentin removal amount.
Outcomes of pulpotomy using calcium silicates in permanent teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Aljarbou Fahd , Abushanan AlWaleed , AlMokhatieb Ahmed A. , Mustafa Mohammed , Alam Mohammad Khursheed , Alamri Hadi Mohammed
Published: August 2024

The decision making process for managing irreversible pulpitis in permanent teeth often involves choosing between pulpotomy and root canal treatment, with clinicians exercising discretion. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to evaluate the efficacy of calcium silicate based pulpotomy in treating symptomatic permanent teeth with irreversible pulpitis. A comprehensive search across PubMed, Google Scholar, and SCOPUS databases yielded 482 articles. From this pool, 169 articles underwent further scrutiny. Following data filtration, presentation, and analysis, a meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5 software. Eleven articles were ultimately selected based on predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This meta-analysis revealed that calcium silicate based pulpotomy, employed in treating irreversible pulpitis cases, exhibited notable success rates ranging from 75% to 90% over a period of 15 years across most of the included studies. The majority of studies integrated into this systematic review reported successful outcomes for teeth with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis undergoing pulpotomy with the utilization of calcium silicate. Nonetheless, further research is necessary to delineate the precise roles of calcium silicate based pulpotomy in managing this condition.
Shaping ability of HyFlex EDM and ProTaper Gold files with or without using glide path files: An in vitro study
Authors: Gharechahi Maryam , Ahmadi Harir , Forghanirad Maryam , Hoseinzadeh Melika , Nouri Anahita
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

The necessity of using a glide path before the canal preparation is inconclusive. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the shaping ability of two rotary systems in the maxillary first molars’ first mesiobuccal canal (MB1), with or without employing the glide path files.

Materials and Methods:

The MB1 canals of 100 extracted molars were randomly prepared using either HyFlex EDM (HEDM) or ProTaper Gold (PTG) systems (n = 50 each). Half of the samples in each group were prepared using ProGlider (PG) or HyFlex EDM Glide (HEG). The cone-beam computed tomography scanning was conducted before and after the instrumentation. The canal transportation, centering ability, and remaining dentin thickness were evaluated and compared between the groups using the independent sample t-test and Mann–Whitney U-test (α =0.05).

Results:

Using HEDM compared to PTG led to greater centering ability at the sub-furcation area (P < 0.05), lower canal transportation at 2 mm below furcation (P = 0.025), and more dentin removed at the middle area (P = 0.011). The systems’ centering ability and canal transportation were comparable when path files were used. Utilizing HEG with HEDM decreased dentin removal at 2 mm below furcation (P = 0.045) and middle area (P = 0.008). Canal preparation with HEDM-HEG caused less dentin removal at 2 mm below furcation than PTG-PG (P = 0.007).

Conclusions:

The HEDM system outperformed PTG regarding centering ability in the sub-furcation areas and canal transportation 2 mm below the furcation. However, HEDM showed more dentin removal in the middle region than PTG, which was resolved when HEG was used. Therefore, using PathFile with the HEDM system might be suggested.
Comparative analysis of the efficiency of the Broken Tool Remover-Pen versus Zumax kit in the removal of fractured NiTi files from the root canal system. An in vitro study
Authors: Saad Abdelhamied Yousef , Baraktat Farah T. , Attia Mohamed I.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Removal of a broken instrument may result in excessive dentin destruction and eventual tooth extraction. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate the success of the Broken Tool Remover (BTR)-Pen system versus the Zumax kit in the retrieval of separated rotary files from the root canals, root canal volume changes, and retrieval time.

Materials and Methods:

Forty mandibular first molars were used in this investigation. Mesiobuccal canals were instrumented by ProTaper Next Rotary System up to a standard apical size 20/40 taper. Five mm of X2 file size 25/60 taper was fractured at a level of 3 mm apical to canal orifice. Teeth were randomly divided into two groups, 20 samples each. In Group A, fractured instruments were retrieved by utilizing BTR-Pen. In Group B, fractured files were retrieved using a Zumax kit. The success rate (%), as well as the postretrieval volumetric canal changes (mm3) using cone-beam computed tomography, and the retrieval time (min) were calculated in both groups.

Results:

The success rate of the separated fragment retrieval in Groups A and B was 80% and 90%, respectively, with no significant difference (P = 0.31). Moreover, concerning canal volume changes, there was a significant difference (P = 0:001) in comparison between the pre- and postretrieval volume changes in both groups. Group A showed significant lower changes (P = 0.0051) in root canal volume than Group B. Furthermore, the mean time ± standard deviation of retrieval in Group A was 29.56 ± 4.09 min, whereas in Group B, it was 23.29 ± 7.15 min with a significant difference (P = 0.00) between the two groups.

Conclusion:

Both devices were efficient and successful in retrieving separated rotary files. The utilization of the Zumax kit resulted in greater dentin loss but faster regarding time of retrieval.
Analysis of fiber post–resin cement interfacial adaptation at different post regions using field emission scanning electron microscopy
Authors: Alwan Nada J. , Al-Askary Raghad A.
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

An ideal interfacial adaptation between fiber posts and resin cement is critical for optimum retention and good scenario. Therefore, this research was designed to estimate the interfacial adaptation at fiber post–resin cement interfaces using field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) investigation.

Materials and Methods:

Forty-five extracted human lower premolars with sole and round canal were classified into three groups (n = 15) following the fiber post types. Each tooth was decoronated and implanted in acrylic resin-filled polyvinyl chloride mold. Roots were undergone endodontic management and post space preparations. Then, each group was classified into three subdivisions (n = 5) according to the resin cement types. After cementation, each post space was marked into apical, middle, and coronal thirds and sectioned horizontally into three 2 mm disc thickness for each third. After that, each disc in each sub-group was then subjected to FESEM analysis to evaluate the gaps width at fiber post–resin cement interface in µm. The data were recorded and statistically evaluated and compared using two-way analysis of variance and Duncan’s multiple range tests at P ≤ 0.05.

Results:

The everStick post with the RelyX U-200 cement group showed significantly the least gap width mean, while the glass fiber post with the TOTAL C-RAM cement has statistically the greatest gap width mean along the coronal, middle, and apical thirds of fiber post at P ≤ 0.05. The apical third of fiber post showed significantly the greatest mean of gap width, while the middle third showed the least gap width mean at P ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion:

Different brands of fiber post and resin cement can influence the interfacial adaptation at post–cement interface.
Navigating endodontic outcomes through cone-beam computed tomography: A narrative review
Authors: Zahran Shatha S. , Mirdad Lujain H.
Published: August 2024

Periapical radiographs (PRs) have been the most reliable modality for assessing periapical health. Later, the evolution of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) revolutionized three-dimensional maxillofacial skeletal imaging. CBCT imaging has emerged as a superior diagnostic tool compared to PR. The aim of this narrative review was to provide a comprehensive overview of the outcomes related to the use of CBCT in evaluating various endodontic treatments, including primary root canal treatments, secondary treatments, endodontic microsurgeries, and vital pulp therapies and the associated prognostic factors. The research selection process involved systematically searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for literature on CBCT and endodontics. Criteria included English-language; peer-reviewed articles published from January 2010 to December 2023, reporting 1-year outcomes of various endodontic treatments using CBCT. Two independent reviewers screened titles, abstracts, and full texts. A total of 18 outcome study articles utilizing CBCT to evaluate primary root canal treatment were selected, as well as 7 for secondary root canal retreatment, 3 for vital pulp therapy, and 11 articles pertaining to endodontic microsurgery. The outcomes revealed varying success rates and prognostic factors. Consistent with outcome research employing PRs, studies that utilized CBCT also exhibited substantial variability in factors affecting initial and secondary treatment outcomes. The rate of favorable outcomes was significantly lower when assessed with CBCT compared to PR. The results from utilizing CBCT for primary and secondary root canal treatments, endodontic microsurgeries, and vital pulp therapies demonstrate diverse success rates and prognostic factors in comparison to outcomes based solely on PRs.
Quantitative statistical evaluation of maxillary and mandibular incisor root canal morphology in Saudi patients
Authors: Aldahman Yousef , Cahusac Peter M. B. , Alnazhan Saad , Mandorah Ayman , Alsadhan Ra’ed , Aljebaly Asma , Alnassar Faisal , Alolayan Abdulrahman
Published: August 2024

Introduction:

Clinical practice demands understanding the complexity of the root canal system to achieve desired treatment goals. The statistically detailed morphology of the tooth and root canal morphology is very important to know. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the statistical analysis of root canal morphology and morphological variations of maxillary and mandibular incisor teeth using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in Saudi patients attending King Saud University Dental Hospital.

Materials and Methods:

CBCT images of 480 patients were selected. Number of roots and root canal configuration were identified and categorized according to Vertucci’s classification. Tooth length, distance from cementoenamel junction (CEJ) to the area of canal division, and width of the canal at the area of division were also evaluated. Bilateral symmetry and association between gender and age with the different variables were investigated. Data were analyzed using Chi-square, multiple linear regression, and McNemar’s tests.

Results:

A total of 3412 teeth were evaluated. All maxillary teeth had one root with Type I canal configuration. For mandibular teeth, all exhibited one root with the majority having Type I canal configuration in central (71.2%) and lateral (75%) incisor teeth. There was a statistically significant association between number of canals and age in mandibular incisor teeth observed only in females (P < 0.001), while no association was observed between canal configuration and gender (P = 0.900 and P = 0.721, respectively). Multiple regression analyses showed that age and gender significantly explain the difference of the variance in tooth length (P < 0.001). Moreover, bilateral symmetry was observed in 98.1% of mandibular central and 97.6% of lateral incisor teeth with no statistically significant association (P = 1 and P = 0.058, respectively).

Conclusion:

All maxillary and most mandibular incisor teeth present with one root and Type I canal configuration. In general, males have longer teeth than females, with a significant decrease in length with each year increase in age. Mandibular lateral incisor teeth exhibited the highest mean distance from CEJ to point of canal separation and highest mean width in the area of canal division.
Some results on Quillen’s conjecture via equivalent-poset techniques
Authors: Piterman Kevin Iván , Smith Stephen D.
Published: August 2024

We extend the main theorem of Aschbacher and Smith on the Quillen conjecture from

p>5

to the remaining odd primes

p = 3,5

. In the process, we develop further combinatorial and homotopical methods for studying the poset of non-trivial elementary abelian

p

-subgroups of a finite group. The techniques lead to a number of further results on the conjecture, often reducing dependence on the CFSG; in particular, we also provide some partial results toward the case of

p=2

.
Biological treatment of nitrate-contaminated groundwater by Bacillus subtilis: The potential use of treated groundwater as agricultural irrigation water
Authors: Cho Seungik , Kim Jungwoo , Yoon Sunho , Choi Minhee , Lee Jungho , Wu Duanyang , Na Jonguk , Bae Sungjun
Published: August 2024

High levels of nitrate (NO3-) pollution in groundwater can cause potential health problems. In this study, a novel concept for groundwater treatment was designed and implemented for: i) the biological treatment of real nitrate-contaminated groundwater and ii) the use of treated groundwater to enhance plant growth. Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR; Bacillus subtilis) were used to investigate the effect of nitrate on bacterial growth in nitrate-contaminated groundwater. No significant effect of cations on bacterial growth was observed, whereas the presence of nitrate in the growth medium significantly increased the growth rate after 40 h-incubation. The OD600 value of high concentrations of nitrate (100 mg/L) was almost 1.4-fold smaller than that of low concentrations of nitrate (i.e., 10 mg/L) owing to its toxic effects at high concentrations. Plant growth experiments showed that the dried biomass weight of kidney beans watered with B. subtilis-treated groundwater was almost 1.7- to 2.0-fold higher than that of other treated samples, whereas germination failure was observed when plants were directly watered with nitrate-contaminated groundwater. The novel findings of this study highlight the application of B. subtilis for the aerobic denitrification of nitrate-contaminated groundwater and its potential for use in treating nitrate-contaminated groundwater for enhanced plant growth.
Removal of NH3-N from wastewater by novel zeolite X: adsorption behavior and removal mechanism
Authors: Zhou Yihui , Hu Simeng , Liu Kang , Li Yu , Jiang Yiling , Lv Yongshang , Hou Xifei , Liu Qianru , Wang Jieying , Yi Shi
Published: August 2024

This study utilized a straightforward method to fabricate zeolite X, demonstrating high adsorption performance for the removal of NH3-N from wastewater. The adsorption behavior of zeolite X towards NH3-N was investigated through various methods including adsorption kinetics, isothermal adsorption, and thermodynamic models. The mechanism of zeolite X for removing NH3-N were analyzed using techniques such as SEM, EDS, XRD, BET, and XPS. The results indicated that when t = 30 min, pH = 6, zeolite dosage was 20 g/L and initial NH3-N concentration was 100 mg/L, the removal efficiency of NH3-N could reach 95.5%. The adsorption process followed Freundlich model and were endothermic. The enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS) and Gibbs function (ΔG(308.15 K)) were 10.66 kJ/mol, 28.81 J/(mol･K), and 1.78 kJ/mol, respectively. SEM and XRD analysis show that the crystal shape of zeolite X is octahedral, which is a typical morphology of FAU-type zeolite. The specific surface area of zeolite X was as high as 643 m2/g. The results of XPS analysis show that after Na+ exchange with NH4+, hydrogen bonds were formed between ammonia nitrogen and oxygen in zeolite X. This study introduces a novel adsorbent, offering a fresh approach to tackling ammonia nitrogen pollution in wastewater.