bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alteration of nanocrystalline calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) at pH 9.2 and room temperature: a combined mineralogical and chemical study
Authors: Marty Nicolas C. M. , Grangeon Sylvain , Warmont Fabienne , Lerouge Catherine
Published: July 2015

Calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) alteration was studied with flow-through experiments at 25°C and pH 9.2. Three materials with apparent Ca/Si ratios (C/S ratios) of 1.47, 1.38 and 0.86 were investigated. Physical (thermogravimetric analyses/differential thermal analysis), mineralogical (X-ray diffraction) and chemical (electron probe microanalysis, transmission electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry) analyses were performed to characterize the reacting minerals. Initial stoichiometric C/S ratios were 1.22, 1.22 and 0.85, respectively. The excess of Ca is attributed mainly to the presence of calcium hydroxide intimately mixed in with C-S-H particles.

The C-S-H chemical compositions were monitored during flow-through experiments in order to determine the mineral stoichiometry needed for reaction kinetics. Under our experimental conditions the stoichiometric C/S ratios decreased continuously with time. A close to stoichiometric dissolution was observed after 2 days of experiments. Using an integrated approach, the kinetics was found to be a function of the C/S.

A decrease in layer-to-layer distance in the early stage of the alteration process is interpreted as interlayer Ca/Na exchange (Na being part of the pH buffering solution). A second dissolution step, marked by a close to stoichiometric release of Ca and Si, undoubtedly results from layer dissolution. The structural similarity of C-S-H and tobermorite was confirmed.
The tobermorite supergroup: a new nomenclature
Authors: Biagioni Cristian , Merlino Stefano , Bonaccorsi Elena
Published: July 2015

The name 'tobermorites' includes a number of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) phases differing in their hydration state and sub-cell symmetry. Based on their basal spacing, closely related to the degree of hydration, 14, 11 and 9 Å compounds have been described. In this paper a new nomenclature scheme for these mineral species is reported. The tobermorite supergroup is defined. It is formed by the tobermorite group and the unclassified minerals plombièrite, clinotobermorite and riversideite. Plombièrite ('14 Å tobermorite') is redefined as a crystalline mineral having chemical composition Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·7H2O. Its type locality is Crestmore, Riverside County, California, USA. The tobermorite group consists of species having a basal spacing of ∼11 Å and an orthorhombic sub-cell symmetry. Its general formula is Ca4+x(AlySi6–y)O15+2x–y·5H2O. Its endmember compositions correspond to tobermorite Ca5Si6O17·5H2O (x= 1 andy= 0) and the new species kenotobermorite, Ca4Si6O15(OH)2·5H2O (x= 0 andy= 0). The type locality of kenotobermorite is the N'Chwaning II mine, Kalahari Manganese Field, South Africa. Within the tobermorite group, tobermorite and kenotobermorite form a complete solid solution. Al-rich samples do not warrant a new name, because Al can only achieve a maximum content of 1/6 of the tetrahedral sites (y= 1). Clinotobermorite, Ca5Si6O17·5H2O, is a dimorph of tobermorite having a monoclinic sub-cell symmetry. Finally, the compound with a ∼9 Å basal spacing is known as riversideite. Its natural occurrence is not demonstrated unequivocally and its status should be considered as “questionable”. The chemical composition of its synthetic counterpart, obtained through partial dehydration of tobermorite, is Ca5Si6O16(OH)2. All these mineral species present an order-disorder character and several polytypes are known. This report has been approved by the International Mineralogical Association Commission on New Minerals, Nomenclature and Classification.
Selective precipitation of schwertmannite in a stratified acidic pit lake of Iberian Pyrite Belt
Authors: Santofimia E. , López-Pamo E. , Montero E.
Published: July 2015

Selective precipitation of schwertmannite was identified in the water column of a chemically stratified acidic lake (pH 2.0 2.5). A set of analytical techniques was used to identify accurately the mineral phase (X-ray diffraction, X-ray fluorescence spectrometry, scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive spectroscopy). The lake has two clearly differentiated layers: a thin superficial layer that extends to ∼2 m in depth with less dissolved solid content and, therefore, lower density, which contrasts with a thicker lower layer that extends to 34 m in depth. The upper layer is strongly influenced by climatic factors, triggering dilution (rainfall), concentration (dry season) and intense seasonal thermal fluctuations, while the lower layer is more compositionally and thermally stable.

Schwertmannite precipitate was initially observed only in the upper layer, adhered to a plastic buoy and the anchor line. The latter was confirmed through a test involving a precipitation device that consisted of maintaining a series of plastic plates at different depths over a period of several months. Only the plates located in the upper layer became covered with precipitate, whereas the plates that were submerged in the lower layer remained clean. These observations clearly differed from the saturation indices of schwertmannite (SIsch) calculated usingPHREEQCand using Bighamet al.(1996) or Kawano and Tomita (2001) solubility products. Schwertmannite would not precipitate in the lake with the former but would precipitate in both layers with the latter. It is the constant provided by Yuet al.(1999) that makes SIschin both layers approach the observed behaviour: SIsch>0 displays oversaturation in the upper layer while SIsch<0 displays undersaturation in the lower layer. The value of the product of solubility that better adjusts to this situation is log Ksch= 9.5 10. Using the method by Yuet al.(1999) to establish the apparent solubility, a range of log Kschvalues was defined between 10.5 and 11.5 for the system studied.
Platelet binding sites for factor VIII in relation to fibrin and phosphatidylserine
Authors: Gilbert Gary E. , Novakovic Valerie A. , Shi Jialan , Rasmussen Jan , Pipe Steven W.
Published: July 2015

Key Points

Coagulation fVIII binds to a protein complex, including fibrin, on stimulated platelets rather than to membrane PS. Anti-fVIII antibodies inhibit function on platelets differently than on phospholipid vesicles used in clinical assays.
Disease evolution and outcomes in familial AML with germline CEBPA mutations
Authors: Tawana Kiran , Wang Jun , Renneville Aline , Bödör Csaba , Hills Robert , Loveday Chey , Savic Aleksandar , Van Delft Frederik W. , Treleaven Jennifer , Georgiades Panayiotis , Uglow Elizabeth , Asou Norio , Uike Naokuni , Debeljak Maruša , Jazbec Janez , Ancliff Philip , Gale Rosemary , Thomas Xavier , Mialou Valerie , Döhner Konstanze , Bullinger Lars , Mueller Beatrice , Pabst Thomas , Stelljes Matthias , Schlegelberger Brigitte , Wozniak Eva , Iqbal Sameena , Okosun Jessica , Araf Shamzah , Frank Anne-Katrine , Lauridsen Felicia B. , Porse Bo , Nerlov Claus , Owen Carolyn , Dokal Inderjeet , Gribben John , Smith Matthew , Preudhomme Claude , Chelala Claude , Cavenagh Jamie , Fitzgibbon Jude
Published: July 2015

Key Points

Germ-line CEBPA mutations are highly penetrant, causing early-onset de novo AML associated with favorable survival outcomes. Familial CEBPA-mutated AML displays a unique model of disease progression, with recurrence caused by novel, independent leukemic episodes.
Coexisting choroidal neovascularization and active retinochoroiditis—an uncommon presentation of ocular toxoplasmosis
Authors: Hegde Sharat , Relhan Nidhi , Pathengay Avinash , Bawdekar Abhishek , Choudhury Himadri , Jindal Animesh , Flynn Harry W
Published: July 2015

Background

Choroidal neovascularization during the active stage of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis is an uncommon clinical presentation. The authors retrospectively reviewed medical charts of patients with coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane and active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis.

Findings

Three patients presented with coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane and active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis. All lesions had adjacent subretinal hemorrhage. The diagnosis was confirmed based on clinical presentation, fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA), and optical coherence tomography (OCT) findings. The patients were managed with a combination of treatments including intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), oral anti-Toxoplasma treatment, and oral corticosteroids. In all patients, the retinitis lesion resolved in 6 weeks and the coexisting choroidal neovascular membrane resolved over 6 to 12 weeks.

Conclusions

Recurrences in Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis are common as satellite lesions adjacent to an old atrophic scar. Coexisting choroidal neovascularization with active Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis is an important presentation and should be suspected in the presence subretinal hemorrhage and managed with a combination of anti-Toxoplasma treatment and intravitreal anti-VEGF.
Elucidation of monocyte/macrophage dynamics and function by intravital imaging
Authors: Rua Rejane , McGavern Dorian B
Published: July 2015

Monocytes and macrophages are a diverse population of innate immune cells that play a critical role in homeostasis and inflammation. These cells are surveillant by nature and closely monitor the vasculature and surrounding tissue during states of health and disease. Given their abundance and strategic positioning throughout the body, myeloid cells are among the first responders to any inflammatory challenge and are active participants in most immune-mediated diseases. Recent studies have shed new light on myeloid cell dynamics and function by use of an imaging technique referred to as intravital microscopy (IVM). This powerful approach allows researchers to gain real-time insights into monocytes and macrophages performing homeostatic and inflammatory tasks in living tissues. In this review, we will present a contemporary synopsis of how intravital microscopy has revolutionized our understanding of myeloid cell contributions to vascular maintenance, microbial defense, autoimmunity, tumorigenesis, and acute/chronic inflammatory diseases.
Id2 deletion attenuates Apc-deficient ileal tumor formation
Authors: Biyajima Kyoko , Kakizaki Fumihiko , Shen Xiaodong , Mori Kentaro , Sugai Manabu , Taketo M. Mark , Yokota Yoshifumi
Published: July 2015

The expression level of inhibitor of DNA binding 2 (Id2) is increased in colorectal carcinomas and is positively correlated with poor prognosis. However, the functional significance of Id2 in intestinal tumorigenesis has not been fully defined using genetic approaches. Here, we show that Id2 promotes ileal tumor initiation in Apc-deficient mice. Expression of Id2 was stimulated by Wnt signaling through the enhancer region of the Id2 promoter at the early stage of tumorigenesis in Apc+/Δ716 (ApcΔ716) mice. Genetic depletion of Id2 in ApcΔ716 mice caused ∼80% reduction in the number of ileal polyps, but had little effect on tumor size. Notably, the lack of Id2 increased the number of apoptotic cells in the normal crypt epithelium of the mice. Furthermore, DNA microarray analysis revealed that the expression level of Max dimerization protein 1 (Mxd1), known as a c-Myc antagonist, was specifically increased by Id2 deletion in the ileal intestinal epithelium of ApcΔ716 mice. In contrast, the protein level of c-Myc, but not the mRNA level, was decreased by loss of Id2 in these mice. These results indicate that loss of Id2 inhibits tumor initiation by up-regulation of Mxd1 and down-regulation of c-Myc in ApcΔ716 mice.
Unraveling dual feeding associated molecular complexity of salivary glands in the mosquitoAnopheles culicifacies
Authors: Sharma Punita , Sharma Swati , Mishra Ashwani Kumar , Thomas Tina , Das De Tanwee , Rohilla Suman Lata , Singh Namita , Pandey Kailash C. , Valecha Neena , Dixit Rajnikant
Published: July 2015

Mosquito salivary glands are well known to facilitate meal acquisition, however the fundamental question on how adult female salivary gland manages molecular responses during sugar versus blood meal uptake remains unanswered. To investigate these responses, we analyzed a total of 58.5 million raw reads generated from two independent RNAseq libraries of the salivary glands collected from 3–4 day-old sugar and blood fed Anopheles culicifacies mosquitoes. Comprehensive functional annotation analysis of 10,931 contigs unraveled that salivary glands may encode diverse nature of proteins in response to distinct physiological feeding status. Digital gene expression analysis and PCR validation indicated that first blood meal significantly alters the molecular architecture of the salivary glands. Comparative microscopic analysis also revealed that first blood meal uptake not only causes an alteration of at least 12–22% of morphological features of the salivary glands but also results in cellular changes e.g. apoptosis, confirming together that adult female salivary glands are specialized organs to manage meal specific responses. Unraveling the underlying mechanism of mosquito salivary gene expression, controlling dual feeding associated responses may provide a new opportunity to control vector borne diseases.
Apical complex protein Pals1 is required to maintain cerebellar progenitor cells in a proliferative state
Authors: Park Jun Young , Hughes Lucinda J. , Moon Uk Yeol , Park Raehee , Kim Sang Bae , Tran Khoi , Lee Ju-Seog , Cho Seo-Hee , Kim Seonhee
Published: July 2015

Through their biased localization and function within the cell, polarity complex proteins are necessary to establish the cellular asymmetry required for tissue organization. Well-characterized germinal zones, mitogenic signals, and cell types make the cerebellum an excellent model for addressing the critical function of polarity complex proteins in the generation and organization of neural tissues. Deleting apical polarity complex protein Pals1 in the developing cerebellum results in a remarkably undersized cerebellum with disrupted layers in poorly formed folia and strikingly reduced granule cell production. We demonstrate that Pals1 is not only essential for cerebellum organogenesis, but also for preventing premature differentiation and thus maintaining progenitor pools in cerebellar germinal zones, including cerebellar granule neuron precursors (CGNP) in the external granule layer (EGL). In the Pals1 mutants, expression of genes that regulate cell cycle were diminished, correlating with the loss of proliferating population of germinal zones. Furthermore, enhanced Shh signaling through activated Smoothened (Smo) cannot overcome impaired cerebellar cell generation, arguing for an epistatic role of Pals1 in proliferation capacity. Our study identifies Pals1 as a new intrinsic factor that regulates the generation of cerebellar cells and Pals1 deficiency as a potential inhibitor of overactive mitogenic signaling.
The miR-199/DNM regulatory axis controls receptor-mediated endocytosis
Authors: Aranda Juan F. , Canfrán-Duque Alberto , Goedeke Leigh , Suárez Yajaira , Fernández-Hernando Carlos
Published: July 2015

Small non-coding RNAs (microRNAs) are important regulators of gene expression that modulate many physiological processes, however their role in regulating intracellular transport remains largely unknown. Intriguingly, we found that the dynamin (DNM) genes, a GTPase family of proteins responsible for endocytosis in eukaryotic cells, encode the conserved miR-199a/b family of miRNAs within their intronic sequences. Here, we demonstrate that miR-199a/b regulates endocytic transport by controlling the expression of important mediators of endocytosis such as clathrin heavy chain (CLTC), Rab5A, low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) and caveolin-1 (Cav-1). Importantly, miR-199a/b-5p overexpression markedly inhibits CLTC, Rab5A, LDLR and Cav-1 expression, thus preventing receptor-mediated endocytosis in human cell lines (Huh7 and HeLa). Of note, miR-199a-5p inhibition increases target gene expression and receptor-mediated endocytosis. Altogether, our work identifies a novel mechanism by which miRNAs regulate intracellular trafficking. In particular, we demonstrate that the DNM/miR-199a/b-5p genes act as a bifunctional locus that regulates endocytosis, thus adding an unexpected layer of complexity in the regulation of intracellular trafficking.
Mechanical properties of the cuticle of the tick,Amblyomma hebraeum(Acari: Ixodidae)
Authors: Flynn Peter C. , Kaufman W. Reuben
Published: July 2015

Female ticks of the family Ixodidae increase their weight up to 100-fold during the 7-10 day feeding period. We determined the material properties of the alloscutal cuticle of female Amblyomma hebraeum from the time of moulting through full engorgement. The material properties of the cuticle were evaluated by a Kelvin-Voigt analysis of compliance determined from the stretch of loops of cuticle under stress. There was a 3-fold increase in cuticle dry weight during the first 3 weeks post moult, during which the ductility and stiffness of the cuticle increased substantially. Under stress, cuticle displayed time-dependent stretch, with a plastic (non-recoverable) and viscoelastic (recoverable) component. Plastic deformation was reasonably constant in the range of 10 to 15% over a wide range of induced stress above ∼0.6 MPa. The plastic component of tick alloscutal cuticle was about five to ten times higher than that of unsclerotized insect cuticle. Tick cuticle is also far more ductile than unsclerotized insect cuticle. Material properties of the cuticle did not change significantly as a function of cuticular water content over the normal range throughout the feeding cycle (13-37% wet weight). Injected dopamine (DA) reduced one measure of the viscosity of cuticle by 38%. Plastic deformability of cuticle was reduced by 70% after an in vitro stretch, but restored in fully engorged ticks, and in in-vitro stretched loops by treatment with DA and reduced pH. Thinning of cuticle by half during the rapid phase of engorgement requires plastic deformation (irreversible strain) in two orthogonal dimensions in excess of 40%. Treatment with DA increased plastic deformation and enabled extensibility (strain at the point of rupture) above 40%.
Computational Studies of the Gas Phase Reactions of Ethers with Anions: Kinetic Barriers, Isotope Effects, Consecutive Eliminations and Site Selectivity
Authors: Wang Zhe-Chen , Bierbaum Veronica M.
Published: July 2015

Bimolecular elimination reactions (E2) are fundamentally important processes in organic chemistry. Our current work focuses on a computational investigation of several interesting and unexpected experimental results previously obtained in our laboratory. In particular, we have examined the detailed mechanisms for generating CH2CHO− from the reaction of HO− + CH3CH2OCH2CH2OCH3, the unusually large isotope effect ( kH/ kD = 5.5) for the reaction of NH2− + CH3CH2OCH2CH3, and the possible kinetic barriers in the reaction of H− + CH3CH2OCH2CH3. Moreover, we have explored the high site selectivity in the reaction of NH2− + CH3CH2OC(CH3)3. In the HO− + CH3CH2OCH2CH2OCH3 reaction, three ion-neutral encounter complexes were located and fully optimized. The corresponding transition states were confirmed during the first E2 hydrogen-transfer process and they all possess E1cb-like antiperiplanar conformations. The formation of loosely bonded CH3O− and H2O moieties was found to be essential for the second E2-type hydrogen transfer, and an intriguing E1cb-like gauche transition state (CH3OH–C α–Cβ–OCHCH2 dihedral = 40.9°) was located, which results in the formation of ionic CH2CHO− and neutral CH3OH, H2O, and C2H4 products. The lowest kinetic barrier for the reaction of NH2− + CH3CH2OCH2CH3 is −5.3 kcal mol−1 (–22.2 kJ mol−1), which is 1.5 kcal mol−1 (6.3 kJ mol−1) higher in energy than the lowest barrier for the reaction HO− + CH3CH2OCH2CH3. The higher kinetic barrier of the NH2− + CH3CH2OCH2CH3 reaction is consistent with the observation of a larger isotope effect. The lowest kinetic barrier for the reaction of H− + CH3CH2OCH2CH3 is +5.4 kcal mol−1 (22.6 kJ mol−1), indicating that, although H− is a strong base, this reaction cannot occur at room temperature, which agrees well with the experimental results. The high selectivity in the formation of CH3CH2O− from the reaction of NH2− + CH3CH2OC(CH3)3 is explained by an electrostatic potential analysis of the ether molecule. Thus, this computational study provides important insight into the detailed mechanisms of elimination reactions.
How to Deal with the “Matrix Effect” as an Unavoidable Phenomenon
Authors: Ryska Miroslav
Published: July 2015

Adsorption effects in the chromatographic system and/or ion source may play a very important role in the ionization processes of liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry. They have been illustrated and considered as matrix effects extensively. These effects cannot be simply removed by any thorough cleaning of the system and/or by perfecting the chromatography. The use of isotopically labeled internal standards (isotope dilution technique) is the only effective compensation for their negative impacts. The complete effectiveness of the method was presented by the evaluation of normalized matrix factor (according to the European Medicines Agency) in 85 different high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry methods for determination of drugs in human plasma. On the other hand, the adsorption effect of methylamine was successfully used for the determination of lacidipine in human plasma at the low picogram level
New Insights into Coenzyme a Interaction with Mercury Ions Provided by Mass Spectrometric and Circular Dichroism Spectroscopic Approaches
Authors: Andries Claudia , Manea Marilena , Drochioiu Gabi , Gradinaru Robert
Published: July 2015

The interaction of coenzyme A (CoA) with mercury ions was investigated using electrospray ionization mass spectrometry and circular dichroism spectroscopy. Our results indicated a 1:1 stoichiometric CoA–Hg complex at physiological pH. Furthermore, the CoA conformation considerably changed in the presence of mercury ions. In addition, a by-product of the reaction, thiocoenzyme A, was identified using mass spectrometry.
La habilidad del pensamiento crítico para el establecimiento de una posición frente a un tema en la escritura digital
Authors: Calle Álvarez Gerzon Yair
Published: July 2015

Este artículo es el resultado de una investigación que tuvo entre sus objetivos fortalecer las habilidades del pensamiento crítico durante la escritura de textos digitales, bajo ambientes de aprendizaje apoyados por herramientas de la web 2.0 en un grupo de estudiantes de grado once. En el presente artículo se presentan los resultados de la habilidad del pensamiento crítico para el establecimiento de una posición frente a un tema en la escritura digital. El enfoque asumido en el estudio fue mixto; participaron 32 estudiantes, quienes durante 11 sesiones elaboraron producciones digitales que pudieran evidenciar las posiciones frente a determinados temas. Los principales resultados mostraron que es posible fortalecer el establecimiento de la posición frente a un tema en las prácticas de escritura digital
Vom Königssohn aus Pommern , der nicht Tarbes gelernt hatte – ein Schwank, aus der Distanz erzählt
Authors: Rasumny Wiebke
Published: July 2015

A curious story featured as no. 207 in the Old Yiddish
Diving for pearls and Tzetzes’ death
Authors: Cullhed Eric
Published: July 2015

This article argues against a recent attempt to date Ioannes Tzetzes’ poem on Psellos’ paraphrase of Aristotle’s Peri hermeneias to after 1174/78 and thereby provide a new terminus post quem for Tzetzes’ death.
Two species of Sapromyza new to Slovakia with note on S. zetterstedti Hendel 1908 / Dva nové druhy rodu Sapromyza pre Slovensko s poznámkou k druhu S. zetterstedti Hendel 1908
Authors: Semelbauer Marek
Published: July 2015

Sapromyza viciespunctata and S. bisigillata are introduced as new species to Slovakia. A brief description and photographs of adults as well as drawing of terminalia are provided. The presence of S. zetterstedti in the territory of Slovakia is briefly discussed
Convergence Between Kazakhstan’S Financial Systemand International Standards: Overcoming Difficulties
Authors: Uvarova Natalya
Published: July 2015

This article deals with the convergence of the Kazakh financial system with international standards in light of the new, enhanced agreement with the European Union on partnership and cooperation (January 19, 2015). Based on this research, the approaches used by the Kazakh financial system to converge with the European Union (EU) and the mechanism of implementing international standards in the national regulatory framework are determined. In practice, the study provides justification for the necessity of arranging the systematization of existing rules and regulations covering financial activity in the Republic, eliminating discrepancies between the national regulatory framework and international standards, and determining clear security guarantees for foreign investors’ financial activity in the Republic. The research results are primarily focused on the development of public finance management theory. Theories and conclusions present in the study can be used in the educational processes of economic and legal institutions and in the policymaking activity of public finance management bodies.
Preventing intellectual disability during pregnancy: what are the potentially high yield targets?
Authors: Wang Yinding , McDermott Suzanne , Mann Joshua R. , Hardin James W.
Published: July 2015

To identify risk factors among children with unknown cause intellectual disability (ID) and to estimate the population-attributable risk (PAR) associated with these factors.

This was a retrospective cohort study of maternal and child pairs born between 2004 and 2010 in South Carolina, and information was obtained from Medicaid billing records, birth certificates, and other administrative data. The data included 123,922 children and logistic generalized estimating equations (GEE) regression models were used to estimate the association of maternal risk factors and ID. We estimated models with and without birth weight as a covariate, since low birth weight is known to be a mediator of the association between some risk factors and ID in children.

The prevalence of ID in the children was 3.85% and the associations between risk factors and ID were similar for female and male children. We found that the odds of having ID were increased if a child’s mother had a diagnosis of major depression; for male children, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.34 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.14–1.59, PAR 2.17%); and for females, the OR was 1.59 (95% CI 1.30–1.95, PAR 4.70%). The odds of having ID were also increased for children of women with bipolar disorder (males – OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.53–2.48, PAR 2.85%; females – OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.20–2.22, PAR 2.05%).

Major maternal depression and bipolar disorder were each significantly associated with the odds of ID in children, each accounting for approximately 2–5% of the PAR, when controlling for covariates.
Effects of preeclampsia on the amplitude integrated electroencephalography activity in preterm infants
Authors: Topcuoglu Sevilay , Kolsuz Leyla Daban , Gursoy Tugba , Ovali Fahri , Karatekin Guner
Published: July 2015

Preeclampsia leads to chronic intrauterine hypoxia by interfering with placental blood supply. The aim of this study was to investigate whether preeclampsia exposure has an influence on the central nervous system of infants, as monitored by amplitude integrated electroencephalography (aEEG).

We recruited 52 infants with gestational age between 30 and 34 weeks. Twenty-seven infants were born to preeclamptic mothers, and 25 gestational age-matched infants whose mothers were healthy were enrolled as a control group. aEEG recordings were performed between 24 and 48 h of life using a cerebral function monitor (CFM) (Olympic Brainz monitor). Along with aEEG, middle cerebral artery (MCA) blood flow velocities (BFV) were measured using Doppler ultrasound.

The duration of quiet sleep was significantly shorter (P=0.001), and Burdjalov score was lower (P=0.04) in the preeclampsia group. However, there was no change in MCA BFV in this group.

Preeclampsia altered cerebral electrical activity of premature infants born to preeclamptic mothers.
Pseudo almost periodic and automorphic mild solutions to nonautonomous neutral partial evolution equations
Authors: Akdad Abdelkarim-Nidal , Ezzinbi Khalil , Souden Lotti
Published: July 2015

In this work, we present a new concept of Stepanov weighted pseudo almost periodic and automorphic
functions which is more generale than the classical one, and we obtain a new existence result of
μ-pseudo almost periodic and μ-pseudo almost automorphic mild solutions for some nonautonomous evolution
equations with Stepanov μ-pseudo almost periodic terms. An example is shown to illustrate our results.
Crystal structure of 3-{[4-(4-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]methyl}-5-(thiophen- 2-yl)-2,3-dihydro-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2-thione, C17H17FN4OS2
Authors: Al-Omary Fatmah A. M. , AlRabiah Haitham , Ghabbour Hazem A. , Quah Ching Kheng , Fun Hoong-Kun , El-Emam Ali A.
Published: July 2015

C17H17FN4OS2, triclinic, P1̅ (no. 2), a = 6.3278(8) Å, b = 9.6250(13) Å, c = 14.789(2) Å, α = 81.739(5)°, β = 82.226(4)°, γ = 76.611(4)°, V = 862.3 Å3, Z = 2, Rgt(F) = 0.0798, wRref(F2) = 0.2072, T = 150 K.
The “monster” of Seymour Avenue: Internet crime news and Gothic reportage in the case of Ariel Castro
Authors: Arntfield Michael
Published: July 2015

While American media reportage of heinous crimes has long drawn on Gothic iconography to secure readers, the contemporary digital news market has engendered a trend in crime reporting that transparently imparts the conventions of Victorian horror, and by extension the nineteenth-century American Gothic. Employing a semiotic content analysis of Internet news stories (
On U-equivalence spaces
Authors: Omidi Farshad , Molaei MohammadReza
Published: July 2015

In this paper induced U-equivalence spaces are introduced and discussed. Also the notion of U- equivalently open subsets of a U-equivalence space and U-equivalently open functions are studied. Finally, equivalently uniformisable topological spaces are considered.
Acanthocephalans Of The Genus Centrorhynchus (Palaeacanthocephala, Centrorhynchydae) From Birds Of Ukraine With The Description Of A New Species
Authors: Lisitsyna O. I. , Greben O. B.
Published: July 2015

The article presents the results of the investigation of material on the genus Centrorhynchus Lühe, 1911 stored in the collection of the Department of Parasitology, Schmalhauzen Institute of Zoology, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine. Five species: Centrorhynchus aluconis, C. globocaudatus, C. spinosus, C. conspectus and C. polissiensis sp. n. were studied and described. Centrorhynchus polissiensis sp. n., differs from all known species by the complex morphological characters, in particular, by the formula of proboscis hooks in combination with the number of large hooks with roots, by the number of hooks in anterior part of the proboscis, and by comparatively smaller eggs. C. polissiensis sp. n. is most similar to C. aluconis, C. conspectus and C. globocaudatus. The main differences between the species are in the proboscis armament, 13–17 hooks in a longitudinal row in C. aluconis, 16–18 hooks in C. conspectus vs 19–20 hooks in C. polissiensis sp. n., and in the egg sizes, 56–65 × 28–30 for C. aluconis, 68–72 × 33–35 for C. conspectus vs 45–55 × 25 for C. polissiensis sp. n. C. polissiensis sp. n. differs from C. globocaudatus in shape and morphology of the proboscis hooks. We do not confirm the record of C. amphibius from birds of the territory of Ukraine. The data on synonymy, hosts and distribution in Ukraine and in the world are given for seven species of the genus recorded in Ukraine. Illustrated descriptions about the material of collection are presented for five species. We provide an identification key for nine species of the genus Centrorhynchus of the birds of the fauna of Ukraine and adjacent territories.
Via placement optimization for a group of wires
Authors: Knop K. A. , Luzin S. Yu.
Published: July 2015

Most PCB design CAD systems offer a limited number of “patterns” for the via placement on a bus (group of wires) which would be either a single- or a double-row placement. This article demonstrates the incorrectness of such limitations, because in this case the mounting space is used not in an optimal way. The paper presents the optimum solution for a certain type of problems on via placement when changing the layer of a bus. The solution suggests a regular (periodic) arrangement, but with a multi-row placement. The calculation of the parameters for optimal placement is narrowed, in general, to finding the number of via rows with which the area of a topological fragment is minimal.
Operational monitoring of acoustic sensor networks
Authors: Boltenkov V. A. , M. Al-Jasri G. Kh.
Published: July 2015

Acoustic sensor networks (ASN) are widely used to monitor water leaks in the power generating systems. Since the ASN are used in harsh climatic conditions the failures of microphone elements of ASN are inevitable. That's why the failure detection of ASN elements is a problem of current interest. Two techniques of operational monitoring ASN are developed. Both of them are based on the placement of the test sound source within a network. The signal processing for ASN sensors had to detect the failed element. Techniques are based time difference of arrival (TDOA) estimating at the each pair of ASN elements. TDOA estimates as argmaximum of cross-correlation function (CCF) for signals on each microphone sensors pair. The M-sequence phase-shift keyed signal is applied as a test acoustic signal to ensure high accuracy of the CCF maximum estimation at low signal/noise ratio (SNR). The first technique is based on the isolation principle for TDOA sum at three points. It require to locate the test sound source in the far field. This is not always possible due to technological reasons. For the second proposed technique test sound source can be located near the ASN. It is based on a system of hyperbolic equations solving for each of the four elements of the ASN. Both techniques has been tested in the computer imitation experiment. It was found that for the SNR to –5 dB both techniques show unmistakable indicators of control quality. The second method requires significantly more time control.
Structure and dielectric properties in the radio frequency range of polymer composites based on vanadium dioxide
Authors: Kolbunov V. R. , Tonkoshkur A.S. , Antonova K.V.
Published: July 2015

Polymer composites with active fillers are recently considered to be promising materials for the design of new functional devices with controllable properties and are intensively investigated. Dielectric studies are one of the most effective methods for studying structural features and mechanisms of conductivity formation for this type of two-component systems. The paper presents research results of the dielectric characteristics in the range of radio frequency of 50 kHz — 10 MHz and temperature range of 30—60°C of polyethylene composites of vanadium dioxide with different volume fractions of filler. Two dispersion areas were found: a high-frequency area caused by the Maxwell charge separation on the boundaries of the polyethylene matrix — conductive filler of VI2 crystallites, and a low frequency area associated with the presence of the transition layer at this boundary. The relative permittivity of the composite has a tendency to a decrease in absolute value with increasing temperature. The analysis of the low-frequency dependence of the dielectric constant of the value of the filler’s volume fraction revealed that the investigated composite belongs to two-component statistical mixtures with a transition layer between the components.
Diagnostic use of facial image analysis software in endocrine and genetic disorders: review, current results and future perspectives
Authors: Kosilek R P , Frohner R , Würtz R P , Berr C M , Schopohl J , Reincke M , Schneider H J
Published: July 2015

Cushing's syndrome (CS) and acromegaly are endocrine diseases that are currently diagnosed with a delay of several years from disease onset. Novel diagnostic approaches and increased awareness among physicians are needed. Face classification technology has recently been introduced as a promising diagnostic tool for CS and acromegaly in pilot studies. It has also been used to classify various genetic syndromes using regular facial photographs. The authors provide a basic explanation of the technology, review available literature regarding its use in a medical setting, and discuss possible future developments. The method the authors have employed in previous studies uses standardized frontal and profile facial photographs for classification. Image analysis is based on applying mathematical functions evaluating geometry and image texture to a grid of nodes semi-automatically placed on relevant facial structures, yielding a binary classification result. Ongoing research focuses on improving diagnostic algorithms of this method and bringing it closer to clinical use. Regarding future perspectives, the authors propose an online interface that facilitates submission of patient data for analysis and retrieval of results as a possible model for clinical application.
Evaluation of the pharmacological activities of RAD1901, a selective estrogen receptor degrader
Authors: Wardell Suzanne E , Nelson Erik R , Chao Christina A , Alley Holly M , McDonnell Donald P
Published: July 2015

Endocrine therapy, using tamoxifen or an aromatase inhibitor, remains a first-line treatment for estrogen receptor 1 (ESR1) positive breast cancer. However, tumor resistance limits the duration of response. The clinical efficacy of fulvestrant, a selective ER degrader (SERD) that triggers receptor degradation, has confirmed that ESR1 often remains engaged in endocrine therapy resistant cancers. Recently developed, selective ER modulators (SERMs)/SERD hybrids (SSHs) that facilitate ESR1 degradation in breast cancer cells and reproductive tissues have been advanced as an alternative treatment for advanced breast cancer, particularly in the metastatic setting. RAD1901 is one SSH currently being evaluated clinically that is unique among ESR1 modulators in that it readily enters the brain, a common site of breast cancer metastasis. In this study, RAD1901 inhibited estrogen activation of ESR1in vitroandin vivo, inhibited estrogen-dependent breast cancer cell proliferation and xenograft tumor growth, and mediated dose-dependent downregulation of ESR1 protein. However, doses of RAD1901 insufficient to induce ESR1 degradation were shown to result in the activation of ESR1 target genes and in the stimulation of xenograft tumor growth. RAD1901 is an SSH that exhibits complex pharmacology in breast cancer models, having dose-dependent agonist/antagonist activity displayed in a tissue-selective manner. It remains unclear how this unique pharmacology will impact the utility of RAD1901 for breast cancer treatment. However, being the only SERD currently known to access the brain, RAD1901 merits evaluation as a targeted therapy for the treatment of breast cancer brain metastases.
Spatial and temporal expression of immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 in the rat
Authors: Joustra Sjoerd D , Meijer Onno C , Heinen Charlotte A , Mol Isabel M , Laghmani El Houari , Sengers Rozemarijn M A , Carreno Gabriela , van Trotsenburg A S Paul , Biermasz Nienke R , Bernard Daniel J , Wit Jan M , Oostdijk Wilma , van Pelt Ans M M , Hamer Geert , Wagenaar Gerry T M
Published: July 2015

Loss-of-function mutations in the immunoglobulin superfamily member 1 (IGSF1) gene cause an X-linked syndrome of central hypothyroidism, macroorchidism, variable prolactin and GH deficiency, delayed pubertal testosterone rise, and obesity. To understand the pathophysiology of this syndrome, knowledge on IGSF1's place in normal development is imperative. Therefore, we investigated spatial and temporal protein and mRNA expression of IGSF1 in rats using immunohistochemistry, real-time quantitative PCR (qPCR), andin situhybridization. We observed high levels of IGSF1 expression in the brain, specifically the embryonic and adult choroid plexus and hypothalamus (principally in glial cells), and in the pituitary gland (PIT1-lineage of GH, TSH, and PRL-producing cells). IGSF1 is also expressed in the embryonic and adult zona glomerulosa of the adrenal gland, islets of Langerhans of the pancreas, and costameres of the heart and skeletal muscle. IGSF1 is highly expressed in fetal liver, but is absent shortly after birth. In the adult testis, IGSF1 is present in Sertoli cells (epithelial stages XIII–VI), and elongating spermatids (stages X–XII). Specificity of protein expression was corroborated withIgsf1mRNA expression in all tissues. The expression patterns of IGSF1 in the pituitary gland and testis are consistent with the pituitary hormone deficiencies and macroorchidism observed in patients with IGSF1 deficiency. The expression in the brain, adrenal gland, pancreas, liver, and muscle suggest IGSF1's function in endocrine physiology might be more extensive than previously considered.
Anti-Müllerian hormone is a gonadal cytokine with two circulating forms and cryptic actions
Authors: McLennan Ian S , Pankhurst Michael W
Published: July 2015

Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a multi-faceted gonadal cytokine. It is present in all vertebrates with its original function in phylogeny being as a regulator of germ cells in both sexes, and as a prime inducer of the male phenotype. Its ancient functions appear to be broadly conserved in mammals, but with this being obscured by its overt role in triggering the regression of the Müllerian ducts in male embryos. Sertoli and ovarian follicular cells primarily release AMH as a prohormone (proAMH), which forms a stable complex (AMHN,C) after cleavage by subtilisin/kexin-type proprotein convertases or serine proteinases. Circulating AMH is a mixture of proAMH and AMHN,C, suggesting that proAMH is activated within the gonads and putatively by its endocrine target-cells. The gonadal expression of the cleavage enzymes is subject to complex regulation, and the preliminary data suggest that this influences the relative proportions of proAMH and AMHN,Cin the circulation. AMH shares an intracellular pathway with the bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and growth differentiation factor (GDF) ligands. AMH is male specific during the initial stage of development, and theoretically should produce male biases throughout the body by adding a male-specific amplification of BMP/GDF signalling. Consistent with this, some of the male biases in neuron number and the non-sexual behaviours of mice are dependent on AMH. After puberty, circulating levels of AMH are similar in men and women. Putatively, the function of AMH in adulthood maybe to add a gonadal influence to BMP/GDF-regulated homeostasis.
Cholecystokinin receptors regulate sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation via uptake of HCO3−
Authors: Zhou Yuchuan , Ru Yanfei , Shi Huijuan , Wang Yanjiao , Wu Bin , Upur Halmurat , Zhang Yonglian
Published: July 2015

Cholecystokinin (CCK), a peptide hormone and a neurotransmitter, was detected in mature sperm two decades ago. However, the exact role of CCK and the types of CCK receptors (now termed CCK1 and CCK2) in sperm have not been identified. Here, we find that CCK1 and CCK2 receptors are immunolocalized to the acrosomal region of mature sperm. The antagonist of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor strongly activated the soluble adenylyl cyclase/cAMP/protein kinase A signaling pathway that drives sperm capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation in dose- and time-dependent manners. But these actions of stimulation were abolished when sperm were incubated in the medium in the absence of HCO3−. Further investigation demonstrated that the inhibitor of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor could accelerate the uptake of HCO3−and significantly elevate the intracellular pH of sperm. Interestingly, the synthetic octapeptide of CCK (CCK8) showed the same action and mechanism as antagonists of CCK receptors. Moreover, CCK8 and the antagonist of CCK1 or CCK2 receptor were also able to accelerate human sperm capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation by stimulating the influx of HCO3−. Thus, the present results suggest that CCK and its receptors may regulate sperm capacitation-associated protein tyrosine phosphorylation by modulating the uptake of HCO3−.
Comparative Genomics Reveals Chd1 as a Determinant of Nucleosome Spacing in Vivo
Authors: Hughes Amanda L , Rando Oliver J
Published: July 2015

Packaging of genomic DNA into nucleosomes is nearly universally conserved in eukaryotes, and many features of the nucleosome landscape are quite conserved. Nonetheless, quantitative aspects of nucleosome packaging differ between species because, for example, the average length of linker DNA between nucleosomes can differ significantly even between closely related species. We recently showed that the difference in nucleosome spacing between two Hemiascomycete species—Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Kluyveromyces lactis—is established by trans-acting factors rather than being encoded in cis in the DNA sequence. Here, we generated several S. cerevisiae strains in which endogenous copies of candidate nucleosome spacing factors are deleted and replaced with the orthologous factors from K. lactis. We find no change in nucleosome spacing in such strains in which H1 or Isw1 complexes are swapped. In contrast, the K. lactis gene encoding the ATP-dependent remodeler Chd1 was found to direct longer internucleosomal spacing in S. cerevisiae, establishing that this remodeler is partially responsible for the relatively long internucleosomal spacing observed in K. lactis. By analyzing several chimeric proteins, we find that sequence differences that contribute to the spacing activity of this remodeler are dispersed throughout the coding sequence, but that the strongest spacing effect is linked to the understudied N-terminal end of Chd1. Taken together, our data find a role for sequence evolution of a chromatin remodeler in establishing quantitative aspects of the chromatin landscape in a species-specific manner.
Grey Matters
Authors: Haynes Sarah
Published: July 2015

In my 2013 Bulletin blog post on the categorization of religious traditions as eastern or western I focused on my work as an academic studying Tibetan Buddhism in North America and my experiences teaching eastern religions to students at a post-secondary institution in the United States. Expanding on my earlier contribution, here I focus my attention on the challenges and responses related to the east/west taxonomies in the context of my research and teaching.
Introduction
Authors: Solin Anna , Östman Jan-Ola
Published: July 2015

This special issue of JALPP focuses on responsibility in professional settings and in particular on how responsibility is manifested, expressed, attributed, negotiated and contested in the discourses of professional settings. The studies in this collection thereby also show the importance of analysing discourse from the point of view of discourse participants’ agency, accountability and responsibility, and they thus add an important dimension to existing strands of research in discourse studies and applied linguistics.