bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Data and Code Availability in Political Science Publications from 1995 to 2022
Authors: Rainey Carlisle , Roe Harley , Wang Qing , Zhou Hao
Published: February 2025

In this article, we assess the availability of reproduction archives in political science. By “reproduction archive,” we mean the data and code supporting quantitative research articles that allows others to reproduce the computations described in the published article. We collect a random sample of quantitative research articles published in political science from 1995 to 2022. We find that—even in 2022—most quantitative research articles do not point to a reproduction archive. However, practices are improving. In 2014, when the DA-RT symposium was published in PS: Political Science and Politics, about 12% of quantitative research articles point to the data and code. Eight years later, in 2022, that has increased to 31%. This underscores a massive shift in norms, requirements, and infrastructure. Still, only a minority of articles share the supporting data and code. In 2014, Lupia and Alter wrote, “Today, information on the data production and analytic decisions that underlie many published works in political science is unavailable.” They could write the same today; much work remains to be done.
Trinity Beyond Revelation, Salvation and Relationality: On the ‘Severe and Novel Trinitarian Doctrine’ of Katherine Sonderegger
Authors: Cowdell Scott
Published: February 2025

Episcopalian theologian Katherine Sonderegger regards the Trinitarian persons as fulfilling without superseding Old Testament approaches to God’s processional nature. Her metaphysically engaged scriptural mysticism challenges the Trinitarian revival with its human-focused attention to soteriology and epistemological foundationalism. But has Sonderegger escaped or merely displaced these core concerns of modern theology? And can true knowledge of God and theosis be had apart from salvation history – a challenge posed by the work of René Girard.
Coupling of Tectonics, Climate, and Lithology in Orogenic Systems: Insights From Cosmogenic 10Be Erosion Rates and River Profile Inversion Modeling in the Talesh Mountains, NW Iranian Plateau
Authors: Moumeni Mohammad , Delchiaro Michele , Ballato Paolo , Della Seta Marta , Nozaem Reza , Clementucci Romano , Tikhomirov Dmitry , Christl Marcus , Egli Markus
Published: February 2025

The landscape of the Talesh Mountains, located in the NW sector of the Iranian Plateau (within the Arabia‐Eurasia collision zone), results from the interplay of multiple forces. To explore the interaction between tectonics, climate, and lithology we present 11 new erosion rates derived from meteoric 10Be on the eastern (wetter) and western (drier) flanks of the range. The erosion rates range from approximately 100 to 400 m/Myr, with lower values in the more arid plateau interior and higher values in the more humid plateau exterior (western and eastern Talesh flanks, respectively). These rates exhibit a positive correlation with topographic metrics and a moderate correlation with mean annual precipitation, suggesting a tectonic control possibly enhanced by the across‐strike precipitation gradient. Conversely, erosion rates do not correlate with rock strength. However, along‐ and across‐strike changes in rock erodibility suggest that lithology may have influenced the landscape response time to evolving boundary conditions. Furthermore, relative rock‐uplift histories from river profile inversion analysis indicate that mountain‐building processes accelerated around 12–10 Ma, possibly due to a combination of short‐wavelength (i.e., shallower) processes, such as thrusting, and long‐wavelength (i.e., deeper) processes, such as lower mantle inflow. This led to a progressive precipitation concentration along the windward side of the orogen, leading to efficient mass removal via erosion and further enhancing tectonic activity. Additionally, an increase in erosion rates occurred during the 0.6–1.5 km lowering of the Caspian Sea base‐level between ∼6 and 3.2 Ma. Overall, the efficient erosion on the wetter side likely concentrated tectonic deformation, ultimately contributing to the development of a stationary wedge.
Evaluation of magnesium-based scaffolds fabricated using a modified sintering technique and two types of space holding agents (in vitro study)
Authors: Ghabour Omnia , Taha Nahla , Aboul Gheit Salma , Mohy El Din Mona
Published: February 2025

Objective

The aim of this work was to study the mechanical, degradation behavior and bioactivity of porous magnesium-based scaffolds alloyed with zinc and hydroxyapatite, fabricated using two different types of space holding agents and a modified powder metallurgy route.

Methods

Powder particles of magnesium, zinc, hydroxyapatite (HA) and spacers were mixed, then mixtures were divided into 6 groups: IA (urea/0%HA), IB (urea/5%HA), IC (urea/7.5%HA), IIA (ammonium bicarbonate/0%HA), IIB (ammonium bicarbonate/5%HA) and IIC (ammonium bicarbonate/7.5%HA). A modified powder metallurgy route was used to fabricate the composites. Porosity analysis and microstructural characterization using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX), and X-ray Diffraction Analysis (XRD) were done. Evaluation of mechanical properties, in-vitro degradation rate in simulated body fluid (SBF) and in-vitro bioactivity using SEM and XRD were done. Data were statistically analyzed using two-way and three-way repeated ANOVA tests.

Results

All scaffolds were found to be highly porous. Significant differences were observed regarding mechanical properties, degradation rate and concentration of magnesium released during degradation (P  < 0.0001). The results showed that group IIB had the lowest strength and fastest corrosion rate, while IB had the highest strength and elastic modulus and the slowest corrosion rate among all groups. Bioactivity evaluation revealed extensive formation of calcium phosphate crystals and precipitations covering the scaffolds’ surfaces.

Conclusion

This study showed that using up to 5% HA as a reinforcing element with moderate compaction pressure and urea as a space holding agent can result in the fabrication of magnesium scaffolds suitable for orthopedic applications.
HNF4A mitigates sepsis-associated lung injury by upregulating NCOR2/GR/STAB1 axis and promoting macrophage polarization towards M2 phenotype
Authors: Yang Yu-Hang , Wen Ri , Huang Xin-Mei , Zhang Tao , Yang Ni , Liu Chun-Feng , Zhang Tie-Ning
Published: February 2025

Sepsis can trigger systemic inflammation and lead to detrimental effects on several organs, with particular emphasis on the lungs. In sepsis-associated lung injury, macrophages assume a pivotal role, as their overactivation could facilitate the secretion of inflammatory factors and the imbalance of polarization. Hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 alpha (HNF4A) has been reported its potential involvement in the regulation of inflammatory response and macrophage polarization. This study discusses the role and mechanism of HNF4A in sepsis-induced lung damage. HNF4A exhibits a decrease in expression by analyzing the differentially expressed genes in the lungs of septic mice from the Gene Expression Omnibus dataset GSE15379. Then, we established a mouse sepsis model through a cecal ligation and puncture method and observed that the expression of HNF4A was reduced in both lung tissues and alveolar macrophages. To evaluate the function of HNF4A, we overexpressed HNF4A mediated by adenovirus vectors, which were injected into mice. We found that HNF4A overexpression resulted in a higher survival rate in septic mice and an amelioration of pulmonary damage. Meanwhile, HNF4A overexpression mitigated the infiltration of inflammatory cells and impeded the M1 polarization but facilitated the M2 polarization of macrophages in the lung tissues or the alveolar lavage fluid. In vitro, we treated bone marrow-derived macrophages with interleukin-4. Consistent results were obtained that HNF4A overexpression promoted the M2 polarization of macrophages. Mechanistically, we found that HNF4A transcriptionally regulate the expression of nuclear receptor coactivator 2 (NCOA2) through binding to its promoter region. NCOA2 interacted with glucocorticoid receptor (GR). Stabilin 1 (STAB1) was selected as a possible target by transcriptome sequencing analysis. Functional experiments confirmed STAB1 as a downstream target of the HNF4A/NCOA2/GR axis. Overall, this research investigated the potential impact of HNF4A on pulmonary injury in sepsis. It is suggested that one of the regulatory mechanisms involved in this association may be the NCOR2/GR/STAB1 axis.
Structural basis for malate-driven, pore lipid-regulated activation of the Arabidopsis vacuolar anion channel ALMT9
Authors: Lee Yeongmok , Demes-Causse Elsa , Yoo Jaemin , Jang Seo Young , Jung Seoyeon , Jaślan Justyna , Hwang Geum-Sook , Yoo Jejoong , De Angeli Alexis , Lee Sangho
Published: February 2025

In plant cells, ALMTs are key plasma and vacuolar membrane-localized anion channels regulating plant responses to the environment. Vacuolar ALMTs control anion accumulation in plant cells and, in guard cells, they regulate stomata aperture. The activation of vacuolar ALMTs depends on voltage and cytosolic malate, but the underlying molecular mechanisms remain elusive. Here we report the cryo-EM structures of ALMT9 from Arabidopsis thaliana (AtALMT9), a malate-activated vacuolar anion channel, in plugged and unplugged lipid-bound states. In all these states, membrane lipids interact with the ion conduction pathway of AtALMT9. We identify two unplugged states presenting two distinct pore width profiles. Combining structural and functional analysis we identified conserved residues involved in ion conduction and in the pore lipid interaction. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed a peculiar anion conduction mechanism in AtALMT9. We propose a voltage-dependent activation mechanism based on the competition between pore lipids and malate at the cytosolic entrance of the channel.
Entanglement growth from squeezing on the MPS manifold
Authors: Leontica Sebastian , Green Andrew G.
Published: February 2025

Finding suitable characterizations of quantum chaos is a major challenge in many-body physics, with a central difficulty posed by the linearity of the Schrödinger equation. A possible solution for recovering non-linearity is to project the dynamics onto some variational manifold. The classical chaos induced via this procedure may be used as a signature of quantum chaos in the full Hilbert space. Here, we demonstrate analytically a previously heuristic connection between the Lyapunov spectrum from projection onto the matrix product state (MPS) manifold and the growth of entanglement. This growth occurs by squeezing a localized distribution on the variational manifold. The process qualitatively resembles the Cardy-Calabrese picture, where local perturbations to a moving MPS reference are interpreted as bosonic quasi-particles. Taking careful account of the number of distinct channels for these processes recovers the connection to the Lyapunov spectrum. Our results rigorously establish the physical significance of the projected Lyapunov spectrum, suggesting it as an alternative method of characterizing chaos in quantum many-body systems, one that is manifestly linked to classical chaos.
Bacteria invade the brain following intracortical microelectrode implantation, inducing gut-brain axis disruption and contributing to reduced microelectrode performance
Authors: Hoeferlin George F. , Grabinski Sarah E. , Druschel Lindsey N. , Duncan Jonathan L. , Burkhart Grace , Weagraff Gwendolyn R. , Lee Alice H. , Hong Christopher , Bambroo Meera , Olivares Hannah , Bajwa Tejas , Coleman Jennifer , Li Longshun , Memberg William , Sweet Jennifer , Hamedani Hoda Amani , Acharya Abhinav P. , Hernandez-Reynoso Ana G. , Donskey Curtis , Jaskiw George , Ricky Chan E. , Shoffstall Andrew J. , Bolu Ajiboye A. , von Recum Horst A. , Zhang Liangliang , Capadona Jeffrey R.
Published: February 2025

Brain-machine interface performance can be affected by neuroinflammatory responses due to blood-brain barrier (BBB) damage following intracortical microelectrode implantation. Recent findings suggest that certain gut bacterial constituents might enter the brain through damaged BBB. Therefore, we hypothesized that damage to the BBB caused by microelectrode implantation could facilitate microbiome entry into the brain. In our study, we found bacterial sequences, including gut-related ones, in the brains of mice with implanted microelectrodes. These sequences changed over time. Mice treated with antibiotics showed a reduced presence of these bacteria and had a different inflammatory response, which temporarily improved microelectrode recording performance. However, long-term antibiotic use worsened performance and disrupted neurodegenerative pathways. Many bacterial sequences found were not present in the gut or in unimplanted brains. Together, the current study established a paradigm-shifting mechanism that may contribute to chronic intracortical microelectrode recording performance and affect overall brain health following intracortical microelectrode implantation.
Topologically cloaked magnetic colloidal transport
Authors: Rossi Anna M. E. B. , Märker Thomas , Stuhlmüller Nico C. X. , Kuświk Piotr , Stobiecki Feliks , Urbaniak Maciej , Akhundzada Sapida , Vereijken Arne J. , Ehresmann Arno , de las Heras Daniel , Fischer Thomas M.
Published: February 2025

Cloaking is a method of making obstacles undetectable. Here we cloak unit cells of a magnetic pattern squeezed into an otherwise periodic pattern from a magnetically driven colloidal flow. We apply a time-periodic external magnetic field loop to an ensemble of paramagnetic colloidal particles on the deformed periodic magnetic pattern. There exist topological loops where the particles avoid to trespass the cloaked regions by robustly traveling around the cloak. Afterwards the ensemble of particles continues with a motion identical to the motion as if the distorted region were nonexistent and the ensemble would have trespassed the undeformed region. We construct the cloak by continuously squeezing new conformally mapped unit cells between those of the originally undeformed and periodic pattern. We find a cloaking/decloaking transition as a function of the size and shape of the newly squeezed-in region. A cloak is scalable to arbitrary size if the biholomorphic map from the undistorted periodic lattice to the region outside the cloak locally rotates by less than an angle of forty five degrees. The work generalizes cloaking from waves toward particles.
Peroxisomal core structures segregate diverse metabolic pathways
Authors: Bäcker Nils , Ast Julia , Martorana Domenica , Renicke Christian , Berger Jil , Mais Cristopher-Nils , Christ Marvin , Stehlik Thorsten , Heimerl Thomas , Wernet Valentin , Taxis Christof , Pané-Farré Jan , Bölker Michael , Klatt Judith M. , Sandrock Björn , Schink Kay Oliver , Bange Gert , Freitag Johannes
Published: February 2025

Peroxisomes are single membrane-bounded oxidative organelles with various metabolic functions including β-oxidation of fatty acids. Peroxisomes of many species confine certain metabolic enzymes into sub-compartments sometimes visible as electron dense cores. Why these structures form is largely unknown. Here, we report that in the smut fungus Ustilago maydis detergent resistant core structures are enriched for different enzymes excluding several key enzymes of the β-oxidation pathway. This confinement contributes to generation of peroxisome subpopulations that differ in their enzyme content. We identify short amino acid motifs necessary and sufficient for protein self-assembly into aggregates in vitro. The motifs trigger enrichment in cores in vivo and are active in mammalian cells. Perturbation of core assembly via variation of such motifs affects peroxisome function in U. maydis strains challenged with fatty acids. Thus, protein core structures serve to compartmentalize the lumen of peroxisomes thereby preventing interference of biochemical reactions. Metabolic compartmentalization of peroxisomes via assembly of specific proteins may occur in other organisms as well.
Accelerating crystal structure search through active learning with neural networks for rapid relaxations
Authors: Hessmann Stefaan S. P. , Schütt Kristof T. , Gebauer Niklas W. A. , Gastegger Michael , Oguchi Tamio , Yamashita Tomoki
Published: February 2025

Global optimization of crystal compositions is a significant yet computationally intensive method to identify stable structures within chemical space. The specific physical properties linked to a three-dimensional atomic arrangement make this an essential task in the development of new materials. We present a method that efficiently uses active learning of neural network force fields for structure relaxation, minimizing the required number of steps in the process. This is achieved by neural network force fields equipped with uncertainty estimation, which iteratively guide a pool of randomly generated candidates toward their respective local minima. Using this approach, we are able to effectively identify the most promising candidates for further evaluation using density functional theory (DFT). Our method not only reliably reduces computational costs by up to two orders of magnitude across the benchmark systems Si16, Na8Cl8, Ga8As8 and Al4O6 but also excels in finding the most stable minimum for the unseen, more complex systems Si46 and Al16O24. Moreover, we demonstrate at the example of Si16 that our method can find multiple relevant local minima while only adding minor computational effort.
Site-specific activation of the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole by tetrathiolate zinc centres
Authors: Marker Teresa , Steimbach Raphael R. , Perez-Borrajero Cecilia , Luzarowski Marcin , Hartmann Eric , Schleich Sibylle , Pastor-Flores Daniel , Espinet Elisa , Trumpp Andreas , Teleman Aurelio A. , Gräter Frauke , Simon Bernd , Miller Aubry K. , Dick Tobias P.
Published: February 2025

Proton pump inhibitors have become top-selling drugs worldwide. Serendipitously discovered as prodrugs that are activated by protonation in acidic environments, proton pump inhibitors inhibit stomach acid secretion by covalently modifying the gastric proton pump. Despite their widespread use, alternative activation mechanisms and potential target proteins in non-acidic environments remain poorly understood. Employing a chemoproteomic approach, we found that the proton pump inhibitor rabeprazole selectively forms covalent conjugates with zinc-binding proteins. Focusing on DENR, a protein with a C4 zinc cluster (that is, zinc coordinated by four cysteines), we show that rabeprazole is activated by the zinc ion and subsequently conjugated to zinc-coordinating cysteines. Our results suggest that drug binding, activation and conjugation take place rapidly within the zinc coordination sphere. Finally, we provide evidence that other proton pump inhibitors can be activated in the same way. We conclude that zinc acts as a Lewis acid, obviating the need for low pH, to promote the activation and conjugation of proton pump inhibitors in non-acidic environments.
Response coupling with an auxiliary neural signal for enhancing brain signal detection
Authors: Gupta Ekansh , Sivakumar Raghupathy
Published: February 2025

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) offer an implicit, non-linguistic communication channel between users and machines. Despite their potential, BCIs are far from becoming a mainstream communication modality like text and speech. While non-invasive BCIs, such as Electroencephalography, are favored for their ease of use, their broader adoption is limited by challenges related to signal noise, artifacts, and variability across users. In this paper, we propose a novel method called response coupling, aimed at enhancing brain signal detection and reliability by pairing a brain signal with an artificially induced auxiliary signal and leveraging their interaction. Specifically, we use error-related potentials (ErrPs) as the primary signal and steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEPs) as the auxiliary signal. SSVEPs, known for their phase-locked responses to rhythmic stimuli, are selected because rhythmic neural activity plays a critical role in sensory and cognitive processes, with evidence suggesting that reinforcing these oscillations can improve neural performance. By exploring the interaction between these two signals, we demonstrate that response coupling significantly improves the detection accuracy of ErrPs, especially in the parietal and occipital regions. This method introduces a new paradigm for enhancing BCI performance, where the interaction between a primary and an auxiliary signal is harnessed to enhance the detection performance. Additionally, the phase-locking properties of SSVEPs allow for unsupervised rejection of suboptimal data, further increasing BCI reliability.
Epidemiologic trends and increasing inequalities in orthognathic surgery in Germany: a nationwide analysis 2005–2022
Authors: Meisgeier Axel , Pienkohs Simon , Salomia Constantin , Moosdorf Laura , Neff Andreas
Published: February 2025

Orthognathic surgery (OS) has become a widely used treatment option for moderate to severe dento-skeletal malocclusions. The aim of this study was to analyze the incidence and time trends of OS and potential influencing factors in the German healthcare system. Nationwide data regarding the national diagnosis-related-group (DRG) inpatient billing system was received from the German Federal Statistical Office. We estimated age-gender standardized incidence of OS-associated procedures between 2005 and 2022 and evaluated age- and gender-adjusted time trends using Poisson regression analysis. The total standardized incidence rate of OS-associated procedures in the observational period 2005–2022 was 11.1 (♀13.0; ♂ 9.2) per 100,000 person years. A significant increase of 61.8% (♀+48.7%; ♂+82.9%) in OS-associated procedures was observed within the observational period, mainly due to the increase of the procedures in the age groups 15–34 years (+ 53.6%), 35–59 years (+ 66.7%) and 60–79 years (+ 20.0%). Mandibular procedures increased by 45.0%, while maxillary procedures increased by 88.2%. There were significant differences of the incidence of OS-associated procedures between the various federal states in Germany, indicating a higher incidence and stronger increase in more affluent regions. The age- and gender-standardized incidence of OS-associated procedures increased among all genders and the most relevant age groups in Germany in the last two decades. There is an ongoing trend to implement maxillary and combined procedures. These effects are limited to more affluent regions only, reflecting the impact of socioeconomic and regional factors on healthcare accessibility.
The histone demethylase dLsd1 regulates organ size by silencing transposable elements
Authors: Selmi Ines , Texier Manuela , Aguirrenbegoa Marion , Merce Clémentine , Fraisse-lepourry Laurence , Mugat Bruno , Mohamed Mourdas , Chambeyron Séverine , Cribbs David , Di Stefano Luisa
Published: February 2025

The specific role of chromatin modifying factors in the timely execution of transcriptional changes in gene expression to regulate organ size remains largely unknown. Here, we report that in Drosophila melanogaster depletion of the histone demethylase dLsd1 results in the reduction of wing size. dLsd1 depletion affects cell proliferation and causes an increase in DNA damage and cell death. Mechanistically, we have identified Transposable Elements (TEs) as critical dLsd1 targets for organ size determination. We found that upon dLsd1 loss many TE families are upregulated, and new TE insertions appear. By blocking this new TE activity, we could rescue the wing size phenotype. Collectively, our results reveal that the histone demethylase dLsd1 and maintenance of TE homeostasis are required to ensure proper wing size.
A comparative study on protein digestion of four different soy beverages: Eﬀects of composition, microstructure, and protein digestibility evaluation method
Authors: Zhao Junna , Kong Xiangzhen , Zhang Caimeng , Hua Yufei , Chen Yeming , Li Xingfei
Published: February 2025

The increased consumption of soy-based products leads to the incentive for more sustainable soybean processing and more accurately nutritional evaluation. Protein structure and aggregation state of different components varied with...
Composite metamaterial of hyperbolic nanoridges and gold nanoparticles for biosensing
Authors: Yue Xinzhao , Wang Tao , Cai Yaohua , Wang Huimin , Lv Enze , Yuan Xuyang , Zeng Jinwei , Zhao Wenyu , Wang Jian
Published: February 2025

Hyperbolic metamaterials have gained considerable attention in the field of optical biosensing due to their ability to support highly sensitive plasmonic modes.
Newly predicted halide perovskites Mg3AB3 (A = N, Bi; B = F, Br, I) for next-generation photovoltaic applications: a first-principles study
Authors: Khandaker Mayeen Uddin , Osman Hamid , Issa Shams A. M. , Uddin M. M. , Ullah Md. Habib , Wahbi Hajir , Hanfi M. Y.
Published: February 2025

The research examines the exceptional physical characteristics of Mg3AB3 (A = N, Bi; B = F, Br, I) perovskite compounds through density functional theory to assess their feasibility for photovoltaic applications.
Correction: Strategies for the detection of site-specific DNA methylation and its application, opportunities and challenges in the field of electrochemical biosensors
Authors: Ye Chenliu , Zhao Zhibin , Lai Penghui , Chen Chunmei , Jian Fumei , Liang Haiying , Guo Qiongying
Published: February 2025

Correction for ‘Strategies for the detection of site-specific DNA methylation and its application, opportunities and challenges in the field of electrochemical biosensors’ by Chenliu Ye et al., Anal. Methods, 2024, 16, 5496–5508, https://doi.org/10.1039/D4AY00779D.
Building Trisubstituted Ethylenes from Terminal Alkenes via Debrominative Ring-opening Trifluoromethylations of Geminal Dibromocyclopropanes
Authors: Liu Lidong , Guo Yawen , Shi Lin , Wang Yihan , Lei Xingyu , Jiao Peng
Published: February 2025

CuI-catalyzed regio- and stereoselective dehalogenative ring-opening trifluoromethylations of geminal dibromo- or dichlorocyclopropanes or monobromocyclopropanes delivered stereodefined trisubstituted or disubstituted ethylenes bearing a CH2CF3 group in good yields. CuCF3 species likely...
Retraction: In situ fabrication of lanthanum-doped nickel oxide nanostructures using sol–gel for the degradation of rhodamine B
Authors: Ali Furqan , Nazir Asma , Sandhu Zeshan Ali , Mehmood Arslan , Raza Muhammad Asam , Hamayun Muhammad , Al-Sehemi Abdullah G.
Published: February 2025

Retraction of ‘In situ fabrication of lanthanum-doped nickel oxide nanostructures using sol–gel for the degradation of rhodamine B’ by Furqan Ali et al., RSC Adv., 2024, 14, 4406–4415, https://doi.org/10.1039/D3RA08311J.
High-Performance Bifunctional Near-Infrared Diode Enabled by Intentional Manipulation of Energy Transfer and Carrier injection with a Hetero-Active-Layer
Authors: Ye Fanghao , Zhuang Guoliang , Zheng Ting , Lan Xi , Li Junzi , Feng Zhipeng , He Hangyu , Liu Siyang , Wang Ming , He Tingchao , Xu Ping , Li Guijun
Published: February 2025

The realization of integrating the generation and reception of optical signals into a single device in the near-infrared (NIR) region is of great value for the biometric application. However, existing...
BLADE: Energy‐efficient attention accelerator with fused kernel and bit‐level redundancy elimination
Authors: Lin Zhiwei , Qin Yubin , Wang Jiachen , Wang Yang , Wang Huanyu , Zheng Zhe , Cui Wenpeng , Wei Shaojun , Hu Yang , Yin Shouyi
Published: February 2025

Attention‐based transformer model has achieved remarkable performance in various artificial intelligence fields, while the attention computation, being a combination of matrix multiplication and softmax function, is still sub‐optimized in terms of hardware implementation. Normally, it needs 3 pass of input memory access to compute attention, and the on‐chip storage requirement is coupled with the input length, both of which pose significant memory issues. Further, the computation burden is heavy for long inputs. This paper proposes an algorithm‐hardware co‐design for attention. On algorithm side, it uses a linear‐softmax fused kernel to fuse the matrix multiplication and non‐linear functions, which enables high on‐chip memory source utilization. On hardware side, it shows an accelerator named BLADE with identical partial product removing, which eliminates unnecessary computation by exploiting math feature of softmax. Experiment on ViT, Swin transformer, GPT‐2, and LLaMA2 show that the proposed design achieves – of energy efficiency improvement compared to state‐of‐the‐art FlashAttention implementations.
Artificial Intelligence and Digital Twin Technologies for Power Converter Control in Transportation Applications: A Review
Authors: Huang Zhen , Gong Jiawei , Xiao Xuechun , Gao Yuan , Xia Yonghong , Wheeler Pat , Ji Bing
Published: February 2025

The rapid electrification across transportation sectors has promoted extensive adoption of electrical power systems. Power electronic converters play a crucial role as components within these systems, enabling efficient and stable system operation through sophisticated control strategies. However, traditional approaches to power converter control often cannot deliver the rapid response and robust control capability in handling nonlinear systems needed in these applications. With the rapid advancement of computational capabilities and various simulation technologies, advanced information technologies such as Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Digital Twin (DT) can significantly enhance control performance by leveraging powerful algorithms and high‐fidelity models. AI and DT have been proven to be efficient and reliable tools in addressing these challenges. This review critically examines the application of AI and DT technologies in power converter control for electrical power systems on transportation platforms, analyzing DT models from the perspective of AI algorithms and offering insights for their deeper integration. Finally, the review identifies ongoing challenges and future trends in this field, providing valuable resources for researchers and practitioners involved in developing power converter control of onboard electrical power systems.
Dual‐mode control and switching control strategy of microgrid for power battery formation and grading testing system
Authors: Xie Di , Wang Liangliang , Jiang Tao , Kang Longyun , Wang Shoumo
Published: February 2025

To address the stability issues of the microgrid system for power battery formation and grading testing systems in scenarios involving multiple parallel converters, this paper proposes a hybrid dual‐mode control strategy combining grid‐following and grid‐forming modes to ensure stable operation of the microgrid system. However, the conventional switching between the two control strategies during the operation of the converter can lead to transient power and current surges, which may even affect the stable operation of the converter. Therefore, this paper studies the characteristics of grid‐following and grid‐forming control strategies. Based on the fact that both have the same type of output variables, a seamless switching control strategy based on the method of controller output state following is proposed, the switching time can be shortened by more than 1 s to the greatest extent possible. Furthermore, a seamless switching control strategy for grid‐connected and islanded operation modes of the microgrid system is introduced. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified using the Simulink simulation platform and a hardware‐in‐the‐loop experimental simulation platform. The experimental results demonstrate the validity of the proposed approach.
A primordial radius valley as a consequence of planet formation
Authors: Nielsen Jesper , Johansen Anders , Bali Komal , Dorn Caroline
Published: February 2025

The radius distribution of close-in planets has been observed to have a bimodal distribution, with a dearth of planets around ∼1.5-2.0 R_⊕ commonly referred to as the 'radius valley'. The origin of the valley is normally attributed to mass-loss processes such as photoevaporation or core-powered mass loss. Recent work, however, has suggested that the radius valley may instead arise as a consequence of gas accretion by low-mass planets. Therefore in this work, we aim to investigate the formation of a primordial radius valley from the formation of planet cores through pebble accretion up until the dissipation of the protoplanetary disc and subsequent contraction of accreted atmospheres. The goal of this work is to explore the conditions for forming a primordial radius valley from the first principles of planet formation theory, rather than attempting to explain the detailed structure of the observed valley. We used an analytical model with minimal assumptions to estimate the contraction rate of atmospheres and find the formation of a primordial radius valley. The planets smaller than the valley did not reach the pebble isolation mass, which is required for the planets to cool down sufficiently to be able to accrete a significant amount of gas. We also estimated the slopes of the radius gap as a function of orbital period for the intrinsic population as well as for planets with orbital periods of less than 100 days. For the intrinsic population, the radius gap follows the pebble isolation mass and increases with increasing orbital period, but for close-in planets, the direction of the slope reverses and decreases with increasing orbital period. We find that planets smaller than the radius valley are predominantly rocky, while the population of planets larger than the valley comprises a mixture of rocky and water-rich planets.
The jet paths of radio active galactic nuclei and their cluster weather
Authors: Vardoulaki E. , Backöfer V. , Finoguenov A. , Vazza F. , Comparat J. , Gozaliasl G. , Whittam I.H. , Hale C.L. , Weaver J.R. , Koekemoer A.M. , Collier J.D. , Frank B. , Heywood I. , Sekhar S. , Taylor A.R. , Pinjarkar S. , Hardcastle M.J. , Shimwell T. , Hoeft M. , White S.V. , An F. , Tabatabaei F. , Randriamanakoto Z. , Filipovic M.D.
Published: February 2025

We studied bent radio sources within X-ray galaxy groups in the COSMOS and XMM-LSS fields. The radio data were obtained from the MeerKAT International GHz Tiered Extragalactic Explorations data release 1 (MIGHTEE-DR1) at 1.2-1.3 GHz, with angular resolutions of 8.9" and 5", and median noise levels of rms_ med ∼ = 3.5 and 5.5 μJy/beam. Bent radio active galactic nuclei (AGN) were identified through visual inspection. Our analysis included 19 bent radio AGN in the COSMOS field and 17 in the XMM-LSS field that lie within X-ray galaxy groups ($2 200c /M_ ⊙ ≤ 3 $). We investigated the relationship between their bending angle (BA) — the angle formed by the jets or lobes of two-sided radio sources associated with AGN — and the properties of their host galaxies and large-scale environment probed by the X-ray galaxy groups. Our key findings are: a) In the XMM-LSS field, we observed a strong correlation between the linear projected size of the bent AGN, the group halo mass, and the projected distance from the group centre. This trend, consistent with previous studies, was not detected in the COSMOS sample. b) The BA is a function of environmental density, with the type of medium playing a significant role. Additionally, at z 0.5 we found a higher number of bent sources (BA ≤ ∘ ) compared to higher redshifts (z ∼ 1), by a factor of $>1.5$. This trend aligns with magneto-hydrodynamic simulations, which suggest that denser environments and longer interaction times at lower redshifts contribute to this effect. A comparison with the literature suggests that jet bending in galaxy groups within the redshift range $0.1 < z < 1.2$ is primarily driven by ram pressure exerted on the jets, which occurs during quiescent phases of AGN activity. This study underscores the role of environmental interactions in shaping the morphology of radio AGN within galaxy groups, providing insights into the interplay between large-scale structure and AGN physics.
The reason for the widespread energetic storm particle event of 13 March 2023
Authors: Dresing N. , Jebaraj I.C. , Wijsen N. , Palmerio E. , Rodriguez-Garcia L. , Palmroos C. , Gieseler J. , Jarry M. , Asvestari E. , Mitchell J.G. , Cohen C.M.S. , Lee C.O. , Wei W. , Ramstad R. , Riihonen E. , Oleynik P. , Kouloumvakos A. , Warmuth A. , Sanchez-Cano B. , Ehresmann B. , Dunn P. , Dudnik O. , Mac Cormack C.
Published: February 2025

On 13 March 2023, when the Parker Solar Probe spacecraft (S/C) was situated on the far side of the Sun as seen from Earth, a large solar eruption took place, which created a strong solar energetic particle (SEP) event observed by multiple S/C all around the Sun. The energetic event was observed at six well-separated locations in the heliosphere, provided by the Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo, STEREO A, near-Earth S/C, and MAVEN at Mars. Clear signatures of an in situ shock crossing and a related energetic storm particle (ESP) event were observed at all inner-heliospheric S/C, suggesting that the interplanetary coronal mass ejection (CME)-driven shock extended all around the Sun. However, the solar event was accompanied by a series of pre-event CMEs. We aim to characterize this extreme widespread SEP event and to provide an explanation for the unusual observation of a circumsolar interplanetary shock and a corresponding circumsolar ESP event. We analyzed data from seven space missions, namely Parker Solar Probe, Solar Orbiter, BepiColombo, STEREO A, SOHO, Wind, and MAVEN, to characterize the solar eruption at the Sun, the energetic particle event, and the interplanetary context at each observer location as well as the magnetic connectivity of each observer to the Sun. We then employed magnetohydrodynamic simulations of the solar wind in which we injected various CMEs that were launched before as well as contemporaneously with the solar eruption under study. In particular, we tested two different scenarios that could have produced the observed global ESP event: 1) a single circumsolar blast-wave-like shock launched by the associated solar eruption, and 2) the combination of multiple CMEs driving shocks into different directions. By comparing the simulations of the two scenarios with observations, we find that both settings are able to explain the observations. However, the blast-wave scenario performs slightly better in terms of the predicted shock arrival times at the various observers. Our work demonstrates that a circumsolar ESP event, driven by a single solar eruption into the inner heliosphere, is a realistic scenario.
Revisiting reverberation
Authors: Polack Jean-Dominique
Published: February 2025

In 1992, the author proposed a generalization of the Sabine formula that develops reverberation time over a series of powers of the reflection coeﬃcient on the boundaries. Some years later, he reduced the development to just two terms that made it possible to monitor reverberation times up to large absorptions. The present paper revisits this development and justifies it with the help of free path statistics in ergodic 2D and 3D circular and rectangular enclosures. It proves that Kuttruﬀ’s reverberation formula is a special case of the general formula, but diverges for large absorption. Reverting to Kuttruﬀ’s original integration process leads to a formula that does not diverge. The paper further explains the diﬀerence between Eyring-type reverberation times that vanish for total absorption, and Sabine-type reverberation times that never vanish even for total absorption, and proposes a simple scheme for evaluating the asymptotic free path statistics and thus improving reverberation time prediction. Lastly, the approach is extended to non-ergodic enclosures.
Les consommateurs : frein ou levier pour le développement d’une filière ovine en zone contaminée par le chlordécone en Guadeloupe ?
Authors: Nabajoth Cyndi , Lakhia Steewy
Published: February 2025

En Guadeloupe, un tiers des sols a été durablement contaminé par un pesticide organochloré, le chlordécone, suite à son utilisation contre le charançon noir du bananier (Cosmopolite sordidus) jusqu’au début des années 1990. Cette contamination des sols a en retour impacté différents maillons de la chaîne alimentaire et notamment les animaux d’élevage qui se contaminent en ingérant des particules de sol ou du fourrage contaminé lors du pâturage, mais aussi en ingérant de l’eau contaminée ; ils ne sont alors plus commercialisables si la limite maximale de résidu en chlordécone est atteinte. Les possibilités de diversification des systèmes de production via l’élevage ou plus récemment de contrôle de l’enherbement par les ovins, notamment dans les bananeraies, sont alors fortement contraintes. Des travaux ont démontré qu’il était possible de décontaminer les animaux via une production hors sol. Mais la perception du consommateur vis-à-vis de cette viande issue de la décontamination reste inconnue et soulève la question de l’acceptation dans le cas où ce type de filière viendrait à se développer. Pour répondre à cette problématique, un questionnaire auprès de 309 consommateurs a été réalisé. Les résultats montrent que les consommateurs seraient prêts à consommer une viande ovine décontaminée, mais qu’il existe une défiance vis à vis des structures en charge du contrôle à l’abattoir.
Évolution des pratiques agricoles endogènes dans les communes rurales du nord du Burkina Faso
Authors: Tega Yasmina , Ndah Hycenth Tim , Compaoré-Sawadogo Eveline , Dipama Jean-Marie , Schuler Johannes
Published: February 2025

Au Burkina Faso, on constate une dégradation importante des sols liée à une gestion insuffisante des éléments nutritifs et à des pratiques agricoles inadaptées aux conditions climatiques et pédologiques. Les pratiques d’agroécologie sont des solutions endogènes permettant de répondre à ces défis. L’objectif de cette recherche est d’analyser l’évolution des pratiques agricoles endogènes au Nord du Burkina Faso, dans un contexte d’influence d’organisations externes. Notre étude mobilise un cadre d’analyse basé sur le concept de transition vers l’agroécologie. Elle repose sur la réalisation de huit focus groups et 46 entretiens individuels. Les résultats de l’analyse des données montrent un large éventail de pratiques endogènes connues et utilisées par les agriculteurs, qu’on peut considérer comme des pratiques agroécologiques. Certaines de ces pratiques ont été améliorées au fil du temps pour accroître leur efficacité et leur efficience grâce à l’appui d’acteurs externes comme les programmes de recherche-développement. Il ressort que les agriculteurs sont en phase d’amélioration de leurs pratiques endogènes (jachère, compostage) et adoptent de nouvelles pratiques de gestion durable des sols (cultures fourragères, semences améliorées, association de cultures et semis en ligne). Les deux communes étudiées sont engagées dans une dynamique de transition agroécologique entraînant d’importantes transformations de l’agroécosystème dans son ensemble.
Skin Disease Classification Using Deep Learning Techniques
Authors: Ramani Gaddam , Deepika D. , Sanjana Rakonda , Nipun Lingadally , Ravuri Phani Pradhyumna , Ashraf Shaik
Published: February 2025

Skin conditions are becoming increasingly prevalent, and many of these ailments carry concealed risks that can elevate the likelihood of developing skin cancer. Given the low quality of images associated with such conditions, diagnosing these diseases traditionally required advanced medical expertise and specialized equipment. Furthermore, manually detecting skin disorders is often subjective, time-consuming, and demands considerable human effort. This highlights the need for an automated, computer-assisted system capable of diagnosing skin conditions without human intervention. To achieve this, Deep Learning techniques, particularly Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), will be employed to classify skin diseases using dermoscopic images. The dataset for this study comes from the MNIST HAM10000 collection, which contains 10,015 images and was made available by the International Skin Imaging Collaboration (ISIC). The data is divided into seven categories, including skin cancer. For image classification, a pre-trained CNN model will be utilized. One key challenge is the imbalanced nature of the dataset. To mitigate this, data augmentation techniques were applied, helping to reduce class imbalance and ensure that classification accuracy across categories was not dominated by the majority class.
Dark Surfer-A Dark Pattern Analyzer & Classifier
Authors: Babu K. Srinivas , Nithin Bangari Sai , Raghuram E. , Bharath A.
Published: February 2025

Dark Surfer is a project which is aimed to detect and combat dark patterns on websites using advanced language model [LLM]. The problem with dark patterns lies in their potential to undermine user trust, autonomy, and well-being. They can lead to frustration, confusion, and even financial harm for users who unwittingly fall victim to them. Furthermore, they erode the integrity of the digital ecosystem by prioritizing short-term gains for businesses over long-term relationships with customers. Dark patterns refer to design techniques used in user interfaces to manipulate users into taking actions they might not otherwise choose to take. These patterns often exploit psychological biases and can lead to unintended or undesirable outcomes for users. They can manifest in various ways, such as deceptive language, misleading visuals, hidden costs, or confusing interfaces. To avoid us cases we had come up with a website, which helps in analysing the dark patterns and detect them using URLS. We develop a classifier trained on a dataset of label UI elements, encompassing various types of dark patterns and benign design features. Leveraging natural language processing techniques and visual analysis, our classifier identifies deceptive design elements based on linguistic cues, visual attributes, and interaction patterns. So that we can add to the browser extension to analyse the number of dark patterns does the website contains, we also provided a flag site to detect the dark patterns, about the patterns using URL.
Implementation of RISC-V Processor
Authors: Saiprathyusha P. , Chandrasekhar C.
Published: February 2025

This work focuses on implementation/designing the RISC-V Processor with optimized pipeline throughput, cache hit rate, and dynamic instruction scheduling to enhance the processing speed and energy efficiency. RISC-V extension used to support the tasks in AI, signal processing and cryptography. Design of processor will be implemented by using Verilog/VHDL and simulation tools later it will be tested on FPGA hardware. This project in designing to improve the performance mainly used for high-performance application.
User Friendly and Efficient Mini Wallet for Sending Ethers
Authors: Reddy Kumbam Venkat , Reddy Desidi Narsimha , Balakrishna M. , Srividya Yenumula , Pesaru Swetha
Published: February 2025

A user-friendly program called “Mini Wallet for Sending Ethers” was created to make utilizing private keys to send ethers (ETH) between wallets easier. This application, which prioritizes user-friendliness, enables users to connect to their Ethereum wallets—including well-known choices like MetaMask— via the Infura API. It enables customers to effectively manage their Ethereum transactions by reducing crypto currency transactions to a few clicks, doing away with a requirement to browse complicated wallet interfaces. Notably, the program guarantees the security and integrity of transactions by adhering to accepted block chain transaction protocols. The pertinent information is safely entered into a database following every transaction, creating a complete record of all transactions. Furthermore, the sender has easy access to details about the transaction, which improves Ethereum transactions’ accountability and transparency. For Ethereum aficionados looking for a hassle-free method to handle their crypto currency transactions, this cutting-edge technology offers an effective and user-friendly option.