bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Family Firms, Chaebol Affiliations, and Corporate Social Responsibility
Authors: Ryu Haeyoung , Chae Soo-Joon
Published: March 2021

This study analyzes the corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities of family-owned firms by investigating public companies in Korea. By nature of their governance structures, which are aligned with the interests of their shareholders and management, family firms are managed from a long-term perspective based on a sense of ownership. While CSR implementation entails investment costs, it ultimately increases firm value by enhancing the firm’s reputation and brand image. As such, family firms are expected to be more active than non-family firms regarding CSR investments. We conducted an empirical analysis based on the Korean Economic Justice Institute Index (KEJI Index) from the Citizens’ Coalition for Economic Justice and found that family firms’ CSR scores were higher than those of non-family firms. This indicates that family firms are relatively more active in their CSR activities, as they are managed from a long-term viewpoint. However, family firms classified as large-scale corporate groups (chaebols) had lower CSR activity levels. This is because when family firms are classified as corporate groups, they can enjoy monopolistic market positioning through their subsidiaries, and are thus more likely to utilize the resources originally required for CSR in other projects that conform to the pursuit of firm interests.
Evaluation of Environmental Naturalness: A Case Study in the Tietê-Jacaré Hydrographic Basin, São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Trevisan Diego Peruchi , Ruggiero Mayara Herrmann , Bispo Polyanna da Conceição , Almeida Dayana , Imani Maryam , Balzter Heiko , Moschini Luiz Eduardo
Published: March 2021

The connection between humanity and nature has an organizational impact on land use/land, often changing landscapes’ patterns. In this context, our study aims to analyze the changes in the landscape structure of the Tietê-Jacaré watershed, São Paulo state, Brazil, in 2007 and 2017, through the urbanity index. The landscape analysis described the temporal landscape patterns resulting from the influence of anthropogenic processes. This approach assumes that the environmental impacts are associated with the vulnerability of land use components. The urbanity index was utilized to analyze the landscape sustainability conditions in response to anthropogenic influence. We observed a reduction in vegetation areas (2.72%), representing 32,149 ha, followed by an expansion of crops (2.05%, 24,507.53 ha) and, as a result, a reduction of the landscape environmental quality with a growth of the areas with anthropic intervention. The development of anthropic activities, land use, and land cover changes could compromise the region’s ecosystems negatively, e.g., through effects on soils that provide sustenance vegetation and afford energy for terrestrial life. The urbanity index expressed the conservation and natural state of the landscape studied. It is presented as an essential tool for diagnosing the environment and for the conservation of the ecosystem, allowing precise analysis of landscape elements and enabling accurate analysis of each fragment of the landscape.
Evaluation of Green Development Efficiency of the Major Cities in Gansu Province, China
Authors: Liu Rongrong , Chen Dong , Yang Suchang , Chen Yang
Published: March 2021

Green development (GD) has become a new model of sustainable development across the world. However, our knowledge of green development efficiency (GDE) in Gansu province is poor. In remedy, this study, based on the panel data of 12 major cities in Gansu from 2010 to 2017, employed the super-efficient Slack-based measure (SBM) to analyze and evaluate GDE from the input–output perspective. Furthermore, we analyzed the input redundancy and output deficiency of identified inefficient cities in 2017 and conducted spatial autocorrelation analysis of GDE of the cities under study. Results show differences in the GDE of the major cities in Gansu, with an average value of 0.985. Green development efficiency in Lanzhou, Qingyang, Jinchang, Jiuquan, and Tianshui was relatively higher than in other cities. Green development efficiency in Zhangye, Wuwei, Jiayuguan, Baiyin, Dingxi, Longnan, and Longnan was less than one due to their redundant labor and capital input and excessive pollutant emission output. The overall GDE in Gansu depicts “high east and low west” zones. Each city in Gansu needs to formulate targeted policies and regulations to improve resource utilization, innovation capacity, reduce pollutant emission, optimize the industrial structure, and promote inter-city cooperation to construct a sustainable green economy.
Optimizing the Sustainable Aspects of the Design Process through Building Information Modeling
Authors: Vite Clara , Morbiducci Renata
Published: March 2021

More than thirty years after the definition of sustainable development, the commitment to protect the planet has been renewed, and all sectors of human activity have been called to contribute to this critical challenge of our time. Therefore, the construction sector can also make an essential contribution. Designers are called upon to modify their actions to consider the environmental, social, and economic impacts during the entire life cycle of construction. The digital revolution could be a suitable opportunity for a profound renewal oriented towards sustainability. The new digital technologies and the increased computing power are useful for managing the increasing complexity in current projects and supporting collaboration between the many experts involved. The presented research analyzes the current state and identifies the signs of change and the cues to imagine possible virtuous complicity between sustainable development goals and the digital revolution’s potential, which is supported by the operational features of optimization methods. Based on this in-depth analysis, an operational strategy has been defined, combining the three macro themes usually treated separately—sustainability, digitization, and optimization. This strategy can be a valuable tool to guide designers in optimizing the process of sustainable design and regenerative construction.
Mechanical Properties of Concrete Using Recycled Aggregates Obtained from Old Paving Stones
Authors: Bravo-German Ana María , Bravo-Gómez Iván Daniel , Mesa Jaime A. , Maury-Ramírez Aníbal
Published: March 2021

Nowadays, construction, maintenance, reparation, rehabilitation, retrofitting, and demolition from infrastructure and buildings generate large amounts of urban waste, which usually are inadequately disposed due to high costs and technical limitations. On the other hand, the increasing demand for natural aggregates for concrete production seriously affects mountains and rivers as they are the source of these nonrenewable goods. Consequently, the recycling of aggregates for concrete is gaining attention worldwide as an alternative to reduce the environmental impacts caused by the extraction of nonrenewable goods and disposal of construction and demolition waste (C&DW). Therefore, this article describes the effect on the mechanical properties of new concrete using recycled aggregates obtained from old paving stones. Results show that replacing 50% by weight of the fine and coarse aggregate fractions in concrete with recycled aggregate does not meaningfully affect its mechanical behavior, making the use of recycled aggregates in new precast paving stones possible. Therefore, the latter can reduce environmental impacts and costs for developing infrastructure and building projects.
Sustainable Market Entry Strategy under a Supply Chain Environment
Authors: Wu Yanjie , Wang Sujuan
Published: March 2021

Firms routinely face the challenging decision of whether and how to enter a new market. Inspired by the practice of Chinese household appliance firms sustainably entering the rural market from the urban market, Tesla and Topshop entered the Chinese market from their own. We model a supply chain system composed of a manufacturer and a retailer to investigate entry strategies for facing a new market. These sustainable entry processes can help enterprises better achieve their own promotion and increase profits. The equilibrium solutions indicate that (1) the manufacturer’s exclusive entry mode is “market development” entry, while the retailer’s exclusive entry or joint entry mode can achieve “dual benefit” entry under certain conditions; and (2) both the manufacturer and the retailer prefer the joint entry mode. It is the only Nash equilibrium. Monopoly firms dominating the new market may not be profitable all the time. Appropriate competition can bring about a win-win situation. These results provide theoretical proof for the preference and rationality of the rural market entry mode in the Chinese household appliance industry and of the overseas market entry mode for international enterprises.
Development of Biosorbent Derived from the Endocarp Waste of Gayo Coffee for Lead Removal in Liquid Wastewater—Effects of Chemical Activators
Authors: Mariana Mariana , Mulana Farid , Juniar Lisa , Fathira Dinda , Safitri Risna , Muchtar Syawaliah , Bilad Muhammad Roil , Shariff Amir Husni Mohd , Huda Nurul
Published: March 2021

This study reports the development of bio-based adsorbent by utilizing coffee endocarp (CE) waste as a raw material for lead (Pb) removal from liquid wastewater. The effect of NaOH and HCl as activation precursors on the characteristics and performance of the resulting adsorbents was investigated. The prepared adsorbents were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Surface Area Analyzer (SAA). The characterization results confirm the positive role of the activation by either NaOH or HCl in enhancing the surface properties of the resulting adsorbents. The chemical activations removed most of impurities leading to smoother surface, pore size enlargement and enhanced surface area to pore volume ratio, which result in an enhanced adsorption capacity and Pb removal efficiency. The raw adsorbent shows 57.7% of Pb removal efficiency and sorption capacity of 174.4 mg/g. On the other hand, after the chemical treatment using HCl and NaOH, the Pb removal efficiencies increased up to 63.9% and 89.86%, with adsorption capacity of 193 and 271.58 mg/g, respectively. Though both activated sorbents demonstrate better adsorption performance compared to the non-activated CE, overall results reveal that the NaOH-activated sorbent offers better characteristic and performance than the HCl-activated sorbent.
Freight-Efficient Land Uses: Methodology, Strategies, and Tools
Authors: Holguin-Veras Jose , Ramirez-Rios Diana , Ng Juvena , Wojtowicz Jeffrey , Haake Daniel , Lawson Catherine T. , Calderón Oriana , Caron Benjamin , Wang Cara
Published: March 2021

Land-use planning and policymaking is central to how communities manage their economic activity and the social and environmental impacts these activities produce. Because of this central role, enhancing land-use practices to better incorporate the needs and impacts of freight activity has strong potential to improve the efficiency of their associated supply chains. This paper summarizes the key findings of the NCFRP 08-111 project on “Freight-Efficient Land Uses (FELUs)”, probably the most comprehensive research project to date aimed at designing policy procedures to foster land-uses that minimize the private and external costs associated with the production, transportation, and consumption of goods. As part of the paper, the authors define freight efficient land-uses, identify the principles that should guide the process towards FELUs, outline the process to develop FELU plans and programs, propose to analyze the freight efficiency of current and future land uses in their jurisdictions, and identify complementary initiatives (both land-use and transportation related) that could help mitigate the negative impacts on local communities. The authors discuss three illustrative cases that provide evidence on how land-use decisions produce unintended effects on local communities. The paper explains how decision makers can carefully consider the FELU principles in their planning and avoid or mitigate such negative results.
Development of a Rainfall and Runoff Simulator for Performing Hydrological and Geotechnical Tests
Authors: Mendes Thiago Augusto , Pereira Sávio Aparecido dos Santos , Rebolledo Juan Félix Rodriguez , Gitirana Gilson de Farias Neves , Melo Maria Tereza da Silva , Luz Marta Pereira da
Published: March 2021

Laboratory apparatuses for the analysis of infiltration and runoff enable studies under controlled environments and at reduced costs. Unfortunately, the design and construction of such systems are complex and face difficulties associated with the scale factor. This paper presents the design, construction, and evaluation of a portable rainfall and runoff simulator. The apparatus allows the evaluation of unsaturated soils with and without vegetation cover, under a wide range of simulation scenarios. The apparatus also enables the control of the intensity, size, and uniformity of simulated raindrops for variable surface slope, specimen thickness, and length conditions. The monitoring of the volumetric water content and matric suction and a rigorous computation of water balance are ensured. The obtained results indicate that the automated rainfall generator produces raindrops with Christiansen uniformity coefficients higher than 70%, and with an adequate distribution of raindrop sizes under a range of rainfall intensities between 86.0 and 220.0 mm h−1. The ideal rainfall generator conditions were established for a relatively small area equal to or lower than 1.0 m2 and considering rainfall events with return periods of 10 to 100 years.
Synthesis of Biodiesel from Tall Oil Fatty Acids by Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Catalysis
Authors: Lawer-Yolar Gideon , Dawson-Andoh Benjamin , Atta-Obeng Emmanuel
Published: March 2021

This study compared the yield of biodiesel produced from tall oil fatty acids (TOFA) via (i) homogeneous catalyst (sulfuric acid) and (ii) a heterogeneous catalyst (Amberlyst® BD20, together with Ambersep BD 19 (Midcontinental Chemical Co., Olathe, KS, USA)® using a batch reactor. The effect of operation conditions including temperature, catalyst concentration, methanol: oil ratio and reaction time on esterification yield were investigated. Gas chromatographic data showed that the major fatty acids present in the TOFA are oleic acid (C18:1n9) and linoleic acid (C18:2n6). Homogenous catalysis yielded 96.76% biodiesel compared to 90.24% for heterogeneous catalysis. Optimized conditions for homogenous catalysis were at a catalyst concentration of 0.5 w/w%, 15:1 methanol: oil mass ratio at 55 °C for 60 min. FTIR results also showed that the homogeneous catalyst yielded a more complete reaction toward biodiesel production in a shorter time (60 min) compared to the heterogeneous catalyst (4.7 h). For heterogeneous catalysis, the highest yield and the lowest acid value were achieved after a second recycling because the reactants were not fully in contact with the catalyst during the first recycling. The catalyst did not show a reduction in catalytic activity even after the fourth recycling. However, the acid value was higher than that for ASTM standards for biodiesel.
An Improved Estimation Method of Mutual Inductance Angle for a Two-Dimensional Wireless Power Transfer System
Authors: Lee Sangyong , Lee Jeonho , Kwon Jongkyum , Chung Se-Kyo
Published: March 2021

The improvement of power transmission efficiency (PTE) is an important issue in the design of a wireless power transfer (WPT) system. The WPT system with multiple transmitting (Tx) or receiving (Rx) coils is a way to improve the PTE. This paper deals with the estimation of the mutual inductance angle for a two-dimensional (2D) WPT system with two Tx coils and one Rx coil. The mutual inductance angle is one of the most important parameters to determine the PTE in the 2D WPT system. The condition for the maximum PTE is investigated and the mutual inductance angle is defined for the 2D WPT system. An improved estimation method of the mutual inductance angle is proposed based on the phase-locked loop (PLL) technique using the voltages and currents of the Tx coils. The simulation and experimental results are provided to validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.
Least Squares Support Vector Machine-Based Multivariate Generalized Predictive Control for Parabolic Distributed Parameter Systems with Control Constraints
Authors: Ai Ling , Xu Yang , Deng Liwei , Teo Kok Lay
Published: March 2021

This manuscript addresses a new multivariate generalized predictive control strategy using the least squares support vector machine for parabolic distributed parameter systems. First, a set of proper orthogonal decomposition-based spatial basis functions constructed from a carefully selected set of data is used in a Galerkin projection for the building of an approximate low-dimensional lumped parameter systems. Then, the temporal autoregressive exogenous model obtained by the least squares support vector machine is applied in the design of a multivariate generalized predictive control strategy. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed multivariate generalized predictive control strategy is verified through a numerical simulation study on a typical diffusion-reaction process in radical symmetry.
Research Progress and Challenges in Vaccine Development against Classical Swine Fever Virus
Authors: Wei Qiang , Liu Yunchao , Zhang Gaiping
Published: March 2021

Classical swine fever (CSF), caused by CSF virus (CSFV), is one of the most devastating viral epizootic diseases of swine in many countries. To control the disease, highly efficacious and safe live attenuated vaccines have been used for decades. However, the main drawback of these conventional vaccines is the lack of differentiability of infected from vaccinated animals (DIVA concept). Advances in biotechnology and our detailed knowledge of multiple basic science disciplines have facilitated the development of effective and safer DIVA vaccines to control CSF. To date, two types of DIVA vaccines have been developed commercially, including the subunit vaccines based on CSFV envelope glycoprotein E2 and chimeric pestivirus vaccines based on infectious cDNA clones of CSFV or bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV). Although inoculation of these vaccines successfully induces solid immunity against CSFV, none of them could ideally meet all demands regarding to safety, efficacy, DIVA potential, and marketability. Due to the limitations of the available choices, researchers are still striving towards the development of more advanced DIVA vaccines against CSF. This review summarizes the present status of candidate CSFV vaccines that have been developed. The strategies and approaches revealed here may also be helpful for the development of new-generation vaccines against other diseases.
Vertical Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in Second Trimester Associated with Severe Neonatal Pathology
Authors: Sukhikh Gennady , Petrova Ulyana , Prikhodko Andrey , Starodubtseva Natalia , Chingin Konstantin , Chen Huanwen , Bugrova Anna , Kononikhin Alexey , Bourmenskaya Olga , Brzhozovskiy Alexander , Polushkina Evgeniya , Kulikova Galina , Shchegolev Alexander , Trofimov Dmitry , Frankevich Vladimir , Nikolaev Evgeny , Shmakov Roman G.
Published: March 2021

The effects of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in women on the gestation course and the health of the fetus, particularly in the first and second trimesters, remain very poorly explored. This report describes a case in which the normal development of pregnancy was complicated immediately after the patient had experienced Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) at the 21st week of gestation. Specific conditions included critical blood flow in the fetal umbilical artery, fetal growth restriction (1st percentile), right ventricular hypertrophy, hydropericardium, echo-characteristics of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (leukomalacia in periventricular area) and intraventricular hemorrhage at the 25th week of gestation. Premature male neonate delivered at the 26th week of gestation died after 1 day 18 h due to asystole. The results of independent polymerase chain reaction (PCR), mass spectrometry and immunohistochemistry analyses of placenta tissue, umbilical cord blood and child blood jointly indicated vertical transmission of SARS–CoV-2 from mother to the fetus, which we conclude to be the major cause for the development of maternal vascular malperfusion in the studied case.
Common Oral Medications Lead to Prophage Induction in Bacterial Isolates from the Human Gut
Authors: Sutcliffe Steven G. , Shamash Michael , Hynes Alexander P. , Maurice Corinne F.
Published: March 2021

Many bacteria carry bacteriophages (bacterial viruses) integrated in their genomes in the form of prophages, which replicate passively alongside their bacterial host. Environmental conditions can lead to prophage induction; the switching from prophage replication to lytic replication, that results in new bacteriophage progeny and the lysis of the bacterial host. Despite their abundance in the gut, little is known about what could be inducing these prophages. We show that several medications, at concentrations predicted in the gut, lead to prophage induction of bacterial isolates from the human gut. We tested five medication classes (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory, chemotherapy, mild analgesic, cardiac, and antibiotic) for antimicrobial activity against eight prophage-carrying human gut bacterial representative isolates in vitro. Seven out of eight bacteria showed signs of growth inhibition in response to at least one medication. All medications led to growth inhibition of at least one bacterial isolate. Prophage induction was confirmed in half of the treatments showing antimicrobial activity. Unlike antibiotics, host-targeted medications led to a species-specific induction of Clostridium beijerinckii, Bacteroides caccae, and to a lesser extent Bacteroides eggerthii. These results show how common medication consumption can lead to phage-mediated effects, which in turn would alter the human gut microbiome through increased prophage induction.
Picornaviruses: A View from 3A
Authors: Jackson Terry , Belsham Graham J.
Published: March 2021

Picornaviruses are comprised of a positive-sense RNA genome surrounded by a protein shell (or capsid). They are ubiquitous in vertebrates and cause a wide range of important human and animal diseases. The genome encodes a single large polyprotein that is processed to structural (capsid) and non-structural proteins. The non-structural proteins have key functions within the viral replication complex. Some, such as 3Dpol (the RNA dependent RNA polymerase) have conserved functions and participate directly in replicating the viral genome, whereas others, such as 3A, have accessory roles. The 3A proteins are highly divergent across the Picornaviridae and have specific roles both within and outside of the replication complex, which differ between the different genera. These roles include subverting host proteins to generate replication organelles and inhibition of cellular functions (such as protein secretion) to influence virus replication efficiency and the host response to infection. In addition, 3A proteins are associated with the determination of host range. However, recent observations have challenged some of the roles assigned to 3A and suggest that other viral proteins may carry them out. In this review, we revisit the roles of 3A in the picornavirus life cycle. The 3AB precursor and mature 3A have distinct functions during viral replication and, therefore, we have also included discussion of some of the roles assigned to 3AB.
Learning Case Study of a Shallow-Water Model to Assess an Early-Warning System for Fast Alpine Muddy-Debris-Flow
Authors: Pasculli Antonio , Cinosi Jacopo , Turconi Laura , Sciarra Nicola
Published: March 2021

The current climate change could lead to an intensification of extreme weather events, such as sudden floods and fast flowing debris flows. Accordingly, the availability of an early-warning device system, based on hydrological data and on both accurate and very fast running mathematical-numerical models, would be not only desirable, but also necessary in areas of particular hazard. To this purpose, the 2D Riemann–Godunov shallow-water approach, solved in parallel on a Graphical-Processing-Unit (GPU) (able to drastically reduce calculation time) and implemented with the RiverFlow2D code (version 2017), was selected as a possible tool to be applied within the Alpine contexts. Moreover, it was also necessary to identify a prototype of an actual rainfall monitoring network and an actual debris-flow event, beside the acquisition of an accurate numerical description of the topography. The Marderello’s basin (Alps, Turin, Italy), described by a 5 × 5 m Digital Terrain Model (DTM), equipped with five rain-gauges and one hydrometer and the muddy debris flow event that was monitored on 22 July 2016, were identified as a typical test case, well representative of mountain contexts and the phenomena under study. Several parametric analyses, also including selected infiltration modelling, were carried out in order to individuate the best numerical values fitting the measured data. Different rheological options, such as Coulomb-Turbulent-Yield and others, were tested. Moreover, some useful general suggestions, regarding the improvement of the adopted mathematical modelling, were acquired. The rapidity of the computational time due to the application of the GPU and the comparison between experimental data and numerical results, regarding both the arrival time and the height of the debris wave, clearly show that the selected approaches and methodology can be considered suitable and accurate tools to be included in an early-warning system, based at least on simple acoustic and/or light alarms that can allow rapid evacuation, for fast flowing debris flows.
Water Quality and Life Expectancy: Parallel Courses in Time
Authors: Angelakis Andreas , Vuorinen Heikki , Nikolaidis Christos , Juuti Petri , Katko Tapio , Juuti Riikka , Zhang Jim , Samonis George
Published: March 2021

Since ancient times, the need for healthy water has resulted in the development of various kinds of water supply systems. From early history, civilizations have developed water purification devices and treatment methods. The necessity for fresh water has influenced individual lives as well as communities and societies. During the last two hundred years, intensive and effective efforts have been made internationally for sufficient water quantity and quality. At the same time, human life expectancy has increased all over the globe at unprecedented rates. The present work represents an effort to sketch out how water purity and life expectancy have entangled, thus influencing one another. Water properties and characteristics have directly affected life quality and longevity. The dramatic increase in life expectancy has been, indisputably, affected by the improvement in water quality, but also in other concomitant factors, varying temporally and spatially in different parts of the world throughout the centuries. Water technologies and engineering have an unequivocal role on life expectancy. In some cases, they appear to have taken place earlier than the progress of modern medicine. Among these, improved sanitation, personal hygiene, progress in medicine, and better standards of economic living have played the greatest roles.
Contribution of International Projects to the Development of Maritime Spatial Planning Structural Elements in the Northern Adriatic: The Experience of Slovenia
Authors: Čok Gregor , Mezek Slavko , Urh Vane , Repe Blaž
Published: March 2021

Maritime spatial planning (MSP) has been developing for years on the basis of international commitments, national legislations, and professional practices. Projects under European Territorial Cooperation have also made an important contribution to its development. They were designed to support EU countries in the implementation of MSP. The projects implemented in Slovenia always covered the entire national sea and coastal zone. In accordance with the MSP Directive, the countries of Northern Adriatic are currently preparing the first generation of maritime spatial plans, largely based on the experience and results gained from these projects. This article presents the results of research aimed at assessing the contribution of the projects to the preparation of the first plan in Slovenia. Using a descriptive research method, a detailed analysis of the results of seven projects was conducted and compared with the content of the draft plan. A comparison was made and the proportion of the results implementation in the draft plan was determined for the following structural elements: development baselines, objectives and guidelines; expert bases; stakeholders and public participation; sectoral interests; administrative competences; international dimension; and databases and analytical tools. A high degree of coherence was found, showing the obvious contribution of the projects at the methodological and structural levels.
Optimization and Analysis of a Slow-Release Permanganate Gel for Groundwater Remediation in Porous and Low-Permeability Media
Authors: Hastings Jesse , Lee Eung
Published: March 2021

Dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) like trichloroethylene (TCE) serve as the most common form of groundwater pollution in the world. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a strong oxidant that can quickly destroy DNAPLs into innocuous products. Slow-release permanganate gel (SRPG), a mixture of colloidal silica (CS) and KMnO4, has been recently developed as novel treatment option for dilute and large plumes of DNAPLs in groundwater. The objective of this study was to characterize and optimize gelling and release properties of a SRPG solution in saturated porous media. It was hypothesized that CS and KMnO4 content of the SRPG constrain gelation and release duration. Batch and column tests showed that gelation could be delayed through manipulation of the KMnO4 content. In column tests, silica content had little effect on the gelation lag stage and release rate but influenced duration of permanganate release. Flow tank tests comparing Bindzil 1440 (B-40) SRPGs with pure KMnO4 solutions under varying media conditions demonstrated that the presence of CS enhanced lateral spread and prolonged release duration of the oxidant.
Integrated Framework for Detecting the Areas Prone to Flooding Generated by Flash-Floods in Small River Catchments
Authors: Costache Romulus , Barbulescu Alina , Pham Quoc
Published: March 2021

In the present study, the susceptibility to flash-floods and flooding was studied across the Izvorul Dorului River basin in Romania. In the first phase, three ensemble models were used to determine the susceptibility to flash-floods. These models were generated by a combination of three statistical bivariate methods, namely frequency ratio (FR), weights of evidence (WOE), and statistical index (SI), with fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (FAHP). The result obtained from the application of the FAHP-WOE model had the best performance highlighted by an Area Under Curve—Receiver Operating Characteristics Curve (AUC-ROC) value of 0.837 for the training sample and another of 0.79 for the validation sample. Furthermore, the results offered by FAHP-WOE were weighted on the river network level using the flow accumulation method, through which the valleys with a medium, high, and very high torrential susceptibility were identified. Based on these valleys’ locations, the susceptibility to floods was estimated. Thus, in the first stage, a buffer zone of 200 m was delimited around the identified valleys along which the floods could occur. Once the buffer zone was established, ten flood conditioning factors were used to determine the flood susceptibility through the analytical hierarchy process model. Approximately 25% of the total delimited area had a high and very high flood susceptibility.
Review of Seawater Intrusion in Western Coastal Regions of South Korea
Authors: Jeen Sung-Wook , Kang Jiyoung , Jung Hyejung , Lee Jeonghoon
Published: March 2021

Groundwater salinization in coastal aquifers because of seawater intrusion has raised serious concerns worldwide since it deteriorates the quality of drinking water and thereby threatens sustainable economic development. In particular, this problem has been a cause of growing concern in the western coastal regions of South Korea. In this paper, we review studies of seawater intrusion in western coastal regions of South Korea conducted over the past 20 years, particularly focusing on studies reported in international journals. We summarize the study locations, methods used, and major findings from individual and regional-scale studies. General methods used to identify and interpret seawater intrusion and subsequent geochemical processes are also presented. On the basis of insights gleaned from the previous studies, future research needs are discussed.
Le portail Saint-Étienne de la cathédrale de Meaux et son prototype parisien : un « copier-coller »
Authors: Albrecht Stefan
Published: March 2021

In the history of art, the portal of the south façade of the Cathedral of Meaux represents a special case. It is a direct copy of the portal of the south façade of the cathedral of Notre-Dame in Paris, which was constructed a few years earlier. Precise measurements made with a laser scanner and analyses made from a scaffolding installed expressly for the measuring clarified the process of conception and construction of the two portals. The article shows that drawings were used to make the copy in Meaux. This engendered misunderstandings and errors when the portal was erected. At the same time, differences in the cutting of the stones generated other modifications, leading to the conclusion that the draftsman and sculptor collaborated closely.
L’autel d’or de la basilique Saint-Ambroise de Milan au IXe siècle : un programme anti-hérétique ?
Authors: Foletti Ivan
Published: March 2021

The golden altar in the basilica of San Ambrogio in Milan, made at the behest of Archbishop Angilbert II (824-859), is considered to be one of the most important monuments of the cult of Saint Ambrose in the city. The scenes on the altar place the biography of the saint in relation to the life of Christ. The narrative choice of the Vita of Ambrose seems, however, more complex : for the informed spectator, his life is noticeably abridged. Any allusion to the many conflicts between the Milanese bishop and the emperor is absent ; moreover, there is no mention of his miraculous discovery of the relics of martyrs. If the first omission is understandable considering the politics of the time, Angilbert II having no interest in side-lining imperial power, silence concerning the discovery of the Milanese relics is difficult to understand. Although the cult of Gervase and Protase is no longer at its apogee, they are nonetheless on the altar, next to Ambrose. To explain this surprising choice, the only conceivable solution lies in the decision to favor another aspect of the biography of the saint. It may have to do with the struggle against heresy, another important facet of the saint’s life. This dimension is not immediately visible, but a series of refined allusions, intended for the elite who were the only ones who had access to the reverse side of the altar, constitute a meta-discourse crucial to that part of the decoration. As there is not attested presence of heretics in Lombardy at that time, this choice may appear strange. Considering, however, the manner in which papal propaganda described the Lombards as an ethnic group of dubious Christianity, it is evidently to them that the subtle message is being addressed. Furthermore, Ambrose is a saint who had scarcely been appreciated by the Lombards. His celebration should thus be considered equally as an affront to the vanquished, transforming the altar de facto into a veritable object of ethnic exclusion.
Un témoin de la gloire des Francini : la grotte à automates du château d’Outrelaize
Authors: Faisant Étienne
Published: March 2021

The important extensions added to the Château d’Outrelaize (Calvados) in the late 16th and early 17th century reflect the owner’s desire to possess a Parisian-style residence. This ambition led him to install an artificial grotto in 1613, entrusting its design to Marin Le Bourgeois, the painter and inventor of Henri IV. Destroyed in the 18th century, this garden fantasy, which was unique in lower Normandy, was animated by surprise water jets and automata birds that Le Bourgeois could have seen at Saint-Germain-en-Laye during his visits to the king. The grotto envisaged by the lord of Outrelaize was thus probably a smaller sized variation of the prestigious creations by the Francini, and illustrated the appreciation in France of the works of these Italian fountain makers.
DETECÇÃO DE IMUNOGLOBULINAS ANTI- TOXOPLASMA GONDII E ANTI- NEOSPORA CANINUM EM BOVINOS NO RIO GRANDE DO SUL, BRASIL
Authors: Callefe João Luis Revolta , Langoni Helio , Bott Mantovan Karine
Published: March 2021

Neosporose e toxoplasmose são doenças de importância na esfera reprodutiva e em saúde pública. Dados de soroprevalência destes protozoários em regiões de importante cadeia produtiva de bovinos no Brasil, como a região Sul, são necessários para compreender a extensão dos problemas causados por estas enfermidades, bem como melhorar o emprego de medidas profiláticas e de controle. Os resultados do levantamento sorológico realizado por este estudo, pela reação de Imunofluorescência Indireta (IFI) para detecção de anticorpos anti- T. gondii e anti- N. caninum, apontaram animais positivos para infecção por T. gondii (7,2%) e N. caninum (7,6%), abaixo das citadas na literatura no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, que parece apresentar prevalências menores quando comparado com outras regiões do Brasil, caracterizando uma disseminação moderada destes agentes.
Configuração espacial de Alagoas
Authors: de Freitas Silva Paulo Rogério
Published: March 2021

O livro “A configuração espacial de Alagoas” é uma contribuição à geografia alagoana. Nela, o leitor encontrará um rico levantamento dos aspectos mais relevantes para o conhecimento dos recortes regionais realizados no estado desde tempos pretéritos. Os 102 municípios ganham movimento, pois são descritos em sua gênese, dentro de uma toada que torna a leitura em um chamamento a olhar a Alagoas em sua diversidade natural, cultural, política, econômica e social interna e em suas particularidades em relação a outras unidades do território brasileiro. A escrita didática do Professor Paulo Rogério permite que a obra seja compreendida, mesmo quando lida em partes, pois acredito que muitos alagoanos de imediato se encontrarão em seus lugares. Nesse sentido, convido-os a saborear a leitura desse estado, apresentado a mim e a tantos colegas pelo amigo Paulo Rogério, de forma tão bonita e original.
PERFIL DOS ESTUDOS DE ASSISTÊNCIA DE ENFERMAGEM AO PORTADOR DE TUBERCULOSE NO BRASIL
Authors: Keller Gregorio de Araújo Vitória , Yasmine Bezerra e Silva Sandy , Daeny Medeiros do Nascimento Vitória , Simone Galvão Pinto Érika
Published: March 2021

OBJETIVO: Descrever o perfil dos estudos de assistência de enfermagem ao portador de tuberculose produzidos no Brasil. MÉTODO: Trata-se de um estudo de revisão de literatura, descritivo e quantitativo. A busca dos estudos foi realizada no mês de dezembro de 2019, através da Biblioteca Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações. RESULTADOs: foram selecionados 11 estudos para integrarem a amostra. Os estudos selecionados foram produzidos entre os anos 2012 e 2019. Em relação ao tipo do estudo, 72,72% eram dissertações de mestrado. Identificou-se a prevalência de estudos sobre o tratamento e avaliação do controle da TB. CONCLUSÃO: Os estudos sobre assistência de enfermagem ao portador de TB produzidos no Brasil focalizaram aspectos do tratamento e da avaliação em saúde. Esses achados corroboram com as principais dificuldades encontradas no cenário brasileiro frente à doença.

Palavras chave: Enfermagem. Revisão. Tuberculose.
CUIDADO DOMICILIAR: OBSTÁCULOS VIVENCIADOS POR CUIDADORAS DE PESSOAS COM MOBILIDADE FÍSICA PREJUDICADA
Authors: Karoline Farias Silva Renata , Guedes de Oliveira Araújo Michelly , Oliveira Machado Dutra Michelinne , Santos Baptista Rosilene
Published: March 2021

Objetivo: identificar as possíveis dificuldades sentidas por cuidadoras informais de pessoas com mobilidade física prejudicada, bem como orientá-las visando qualificar o cuidado prestado. Método: estudo descritivo com abordagem qualitativa, realizado no período de fevereiro a maio de 2016, por meio de visita domiciliar, em Unidades Básicas de Saúde do município de Campina Grande - Paraíba. Os sujeitos do estudo foram mulheres cuidadoras de pessoas com mobilidade física prejudicada. A coleta foi realizada em três momentos: aplicação de questionário para traçar o perfil das cuidadoras; observação, através da qual se detectou as necessidades apresentadas e qualificação das cuidadoras na prestação dos cuidados. Na análise dos dados, utilizou-se a técnica de análise de conteúdo, da qual surgiram três grandes categorias: Limitações das cuidadoras x prática do cuidar, Dificuldades no ato de cuidar e Sentimentos das cuidadoras x Pessoa cuidada. Resultados: Em relação aos dados obtidos, verificou-se que: são inúmeras as limitações enfrentadas pelas cuidadoras, devido à falta de orientação e apoio por parte dos profissionais de saúde; as dificuldades presentes no exercício do cuidar geram consequências para quem está sendo cuidado e para a própria cuidadora; a orientação oferecida às cuidadoras informais favorece a prestação de uma assistência qualificada. Conclusão: essa pesquisa foi de grande contribuição para desenvolver nas cuidadoras uma visão crítica e a partir deste ponto, potencializar suas ações de cuidado, colaborando para aquisição de conhecimento e habilidades que proporcionam um cuidado direcionado a patologia do cliente, possibilitando a prestação de uma assistência qualificada.

Palavras chave: Assistência domiciliar. Cuidadores. Enfermagem.
ANÁLISE DOS INDICADORES DE PRODUTIVIDADE DOS CENTROS DE ATENÇÃO PSICOSSOCIAL ENTRE AS MACRORREGIÕES DO ESTADO DA PARAÍBA NOS ANOS DE 2013 A 2020
Authors: Américo Dantas Camilo de Souza Renato , Bento Cavalcanti Jonathan , Luiz Silva Camêlo Edwirde
Published: March 2021

RESUMO: Este estudo buscou rastrear e discutir as prováveis correlações estatísticas observadas entre alguns dos principais indicadores de produtividade dos serviços de saúde mental oferecidos pelos CAPS das 4 macrorregiões do estado da Paraíba. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo- analítico, baseado em dados secundários registrados entre Janeiro de 2013 e Dezembro de 2020 nas bases de dados governamentais do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares do Departamento de Informática do Sistema Único de Saúde, SIH-DATASUS. Com exceção dos atendimentos em grupo, a quantidade de procedimentos realizados nos CAPS da região da Mata paraibana demonstra pouquíssima dispersão, o que aponta para uma constância no decorrer dos anos. Os atendimentos em grupo nessa região também aparecem de forma um pouco simétrica, o valor máximo foi puxado por um ponto extremo, mostrando que a Mata Paraibana tem pontos elevados por causa das grandes cidades e da densidade populacional. Reitera-se a necessidade de defesa do SUS enquanto pauta política fundamental à consolidação da garantia de direito ao acesso amplo e democrático da população à serviços de saúde mental humanizados, especializados e de alta qualidade.

Palavras chave: Psicologia da Saúde. Sistema Único de Saúde. Centro de Atenção Psicossocial. Políticas Públicas.
“Scientific Atheism” in Action
Authors: Klimova Svetlana , Molostova Elena
Published: March 2021

This paper discusses the methodological challenges of Soviet sociology of religion in the period between 1960 and 1989, when it was charged with the contradictory task of investigating the actual standing of religion in Soviet society and, at the same time, with proposing methods through which the official “scientific atheism,” deeply rooted in Marxism, could be imposed upon the very populations that were the subject of its inquiries. The authors propose an insight into the actual practices of the researchers, based on little-known archival materials from the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History. The materials adduced by the authors show the various ways in which Soviet believers were surveyed and in which questionnaires were constructed, illustrating the modes of argumentation used in atheist propaganda conducted alongside such surveys, and giving a rare glimpse into the methodological discussions that were taking place at conferences organized by the Institute of Scientific Atheism. The authors track also the sociological conceptions and typologies adopted by Soviet sociology.
Above Reason Propositions and Contradiction in the Religious Thought of Robert Boyle
Authors: Marko Jonathan S.
Published: March 2021

In this essay, I argue that Robert Boyle does not hold that true religion requires us to believe doctrines that are in violation of the law of noncontradiction or that it yields logical contradictions. Rather, due to the epistemological limitations of human reason, we are sometimes called to believe doctrines or propositions that are at first blush contradictory but, upon further inspection, not definitively so. This holds for doctrines considered singly or together and is an important qualifier to the traditional line of scholarship’s flat claim that Boyle’s limits of belief are logical contradictions. My conclusions here are at odds with Jan W. Wojcik’s claim, in her important, revisionist work on the famous natural philosopher, that he teaches that sometimes we are required to believe religious doctrines that violate the law of noncontradiction.
From Progressive Radicalism to Democratic Degeneration: The Trajectory of John Locke's Political Theory
Authors: Karimi Sirvan
Published: March 2021

As an organic intellectual of the emerging propertied class in 17th century England, John Locke has made an enduring contribution to the prevailing ideas shaping the socio-political order in Western societies and beyond. Through invoking the law of nature and natural rights which were nothing more than what he had abstracted from the socio-economic conditions of the seventeenth century and had projected back into the state of nature, Locke assiduously embarked on justifying the separation of civil society from the state, naturalizing  class inequalities identifying the preservation of property as the fundamental function of the state, and rationalizing the subordination of  propertyless classes to the emerging  liberal democratic political order geared to preserve the interests of economically hegemonic classes.