bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Multiple Sclerosis-like Lesions Induced by Radiation: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Literature
Authors: Sterpi Angeliki-Erato , Triantafyllou Alexandros-Stavros , Tzanetakos Dimitrios , Ampantzi Eleni , Kitsos Dimitrios , Theodorou Aikaterini , Koutsouraki Effrosyni , Maili Maria , Stefanou Maria Ioanna , Moschovos Christos , Palaiodimou Lina , Tzartos John , Giannopoulos Sotirios , Tsivgoulis Georgios
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Radiotherapy (RT) remains crucial in treating both primary and metastatic central nervous system cancer. Despite advancements in modern techniques that mitigate some toxic adverse effects, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans still reveal a wide range of radiation-induced changes. Radiation can adversely affect neuroglial cells and their precursors, potentially triggering a demyelinating pattern similar to multiple sclerosis (MS). The aim of the current review is to investigate the occurrence and characteristics of such cases presented in the literature. Methods: We present the case of a 37-year-old female patient with multiple white matter lesions on a brain MRI, mimicking MS, after the completion of RT sessions. Additionally, a systematic review of the literature (PROSPERO id: CRD42024624053) was performed on 4 January 2024. The databases of MEDLINE and SCOPUS were searched. Case reports or case series of adult patients with white matter lesions in a brain MRI, consistent with the MAGNIMS criteria for MS plaques, after RT, were included in our final synthesis. The PRISMA guidelines were applied. Results: The systematic search of the literature revealed 1723 studies, 7 of which conformed to our inclusion criteria, including seven patients in our final analysis. Four of them were female and the mean age was 39 ± 11 years. Several intracranial and extracranial RT types were performed. The symptoms occurred 3 ± 0.8 months after the completion of RT. Lesions were revealed in infratentorial, periventricular and subcortical white matter regions, but not in the spinal cord. All patients who received corticosteroids (83%) showed clinical improvement. Clinical and radiological recurrence occurred in two of the patients during the follow-up period. Fingolimod and Interferon beta-1a were administered to these two patients. Conclusions: Radiation-induced demyelination is a critical clinical and radiological entity that requires attention from both oncologists and neurologists. Comprehensive follow-up is essential to identify patients who may benefit from disease-modifying therapies and to distinguish them from those with pre-existing demyelinating conditions.
Nystagmus During a Vertigo Crisis in Menière’s Disease—Direction of Nystagmus, Contribution of a Mobile Phone and Therapeutic Implications
Authors: Ionescu Valéria , Alzarqaa Tamadhor , Albalawi Saad , Lelonge Yann , Reynard Pierre , Karkas Alexandre , Bertholon Pierre
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Spontaneous nystagmus during vertigo attacks of Menière’s disease has been essentially described as horizontal, beating ipsilaterally (irritative type) or contralaterally (deficit type) to the hearing loss. Our main objective was to describe the characteristics of nystagmus during vertigo attacks. The second objective was to determine the feasibility of self-video recording of eye movements by a mobile phone. The third objective was to discuss the therapeutic implications of the observed nystagmus. Methods: We selected patients with definite Menière’s disease according to the Barany Society. Patients were video-recorded during their attacks by videonystagmoscopy (by the physician) and/or mobile phone (by the patient or immediate surroundings). Results: Seventeen patients were video-recorded by mobile phone (n = 8) or videonystagmoscopy (n = 8) or both (n = 1). The nystagmus was horizontal in 14 patients of the irritative type (n = 7) and of the deficit type (n = 5) or changed from the deficit to the irritative type (n = 2). The nystagmus was vertical in three patients, either down-beating (n = 2) or up-beating (n = 1). This vertical nystagmus changed to a more classical horizontal nystagmus in two patients. Conclusions: The direction of the nystagmus was variable and mostly horizontal, although it could be vertical and could change direction. Thus, the direction of the nystagmus has no value in deducing the affected side of Menière’s disease, which essentially relies on hearing dysfunction. The nystagmus could be video-recorded by a mobile phone, which was objective proof of the impact on daily life. This was a helpful therapeutic aid, particularly when chemical labyrinthectomy was considered.
Orthokeratology Lens Decentration with Two Designs of Corneal Refractive Therapy™ Lenses: A One-Year Prospective Study
Authors: Batres Laura , Arroyo-del Arroyo Cristina , Bodas-Romero Julia , Carracedo Gonzalo
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: The objective of this study was to examine the trend of treatment zone (TZ) decentration over 12 months of orthokeratology (OK) wear using two Corneal Refractive Therapy (CRT) lens designs: standard (STD) and dual axis (DA). Methods: A prospective, randomized, longitudinal study was conducted at the Optometry Clinic of the Complutense University of Madrid. Subjects were randomly fitted with an STD design or DA design in one of the eyes. Refraction, uncorrected visual acuity (VA), and corneal topography were performed at baseline and after 1 night, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of lens wear. Subjects requiring lens parameter adjustments or replacements after 3 months were excluded. Decentration was measured by subtracting pre-OK from post-OK tangential curvature maps at each visit, with decentration distance and corneal optical TZ being measured using MATLAB. Correlations between decentration and visual acuity (VA) were also analyzed. Results: A total of 30 healthy children (17 females and 13 males) with a mean age of 12.83 ± 2.42 years (range: 8–17 years) completed all the visits. No statistically significant differences (p > 0.05) were found between lens designs in horizontal, vertical, nor total decentration through the visits. However, for the STD design, horizontal and total decentration increased significantly at the last visit (p < 0.05). For the DA design, no significant differences were found over time (p > 0.05). No correlation was found between decentration and VA. Conclusions: Total decentration in both lens designs was similar throughout one year of follow-up. The standard design tended to decenter horizontally during the last 6 months, while the dual-axis design maintained consistent decentration throughout the year.
A Critical Review of Natural and Synthetic Polymer-Based Biological Apatite Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering
Authors: Alkaron Wasan , Almansoori Alaa , Balázsi Csaba , Balázsi Katalin
Published: December 2024

During the past decade, there has been a continued increase in the demand for bone defect repair and replacement resulting from long-term illnesses or traumatic incidents. To address these challenges, tissue engineering research has focused on biomedical applications. This field concentrated on the development of suitable materials to enhance biological functionality and bone integration. Toward this aim, it is necessary to develop a proper material that provides good osseointegration and mechanical behavior by combining biopolymers with ceramics, which increase their mechanical stability and mineralization process. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is synthesized from natural resources owing to its unique properties; for example, it can mimic the composition of bones and teeth of humans and animals. Biopolymers, including chitosan and alginate, combined with HAp, offer good chemical stability and strength required for tissue engineering. Composite biomaterials containing hydroxyapatite could be a potential substitute for artificial synthetic bone grafts. Utilizing various polymers and fabrication methodologies would efficiently customize physicochemical properties and suitable mechanical properties in synergy with biodegradation, thus enhancing their potential in bone regeneration. This review summarizes the commonly used polymers in tissue engineering, emphasizing their advantages and limitations. This paper also highlights recent advances in the production and investigation of HAp-based polymer composites used in biomedical applications.
Effects of Off-Season Heavy-Load Resistance Training on Lower Limb Mechanical Muscle Function and Physical Performance in Elite Female Team Handball Players
Authors: Fristrup Bjørn , Krustrup Peter , Petz Anders Kløve , Bencke Jesper , Zebis Mette K. , Aagaard Per
Published: December 2024

Background/Objectives: Team handball involves a high number of rapid and forceful muscle actions. Progressive heavy-load resistance training is known to enhance mechanical muscle function; however, its transfer into functional performance in team handball athletes remains largely unknown. The current study aimed to analyze the effects of eight weeks undulating heavy-load resistance training on lower limb mechanical muscle function and sports-specific performance in elite female team handball players. Methods: Players from the Danish Women’s Handball League were block randomized to perform an off-season resistance training program (RT, n = 12, 23.0 ± 2.7 yr) or follow a training-as-usual control program (CON, n = 15, 24.1 ± 3.8 yr). All study participants were tested before and after an eight-week period during the off-season phase, including assessments of maximal isometric knee extensor and flexor peak torque, rate of torque development, countermovement jump (CMJ) power/work, and sports-specific performance (maximal vertical countermovement jump height, sprint capacity, team handball-specific on-court agility). Results: Agility performance improved for RT (−3.5%, p = 0.008), different from CON (p < 0.001) following eight weeks of designated resistance training. Additionally, CON demonstrated impaired agility (+4.0–7.3%, p < 0.05) and 20-m sprint (+1.9%, p = 0.002) performance. Maximal knee extensor peak torque increased in RT (4.5%, p = 0.044). Vertical CMJ flight height (JH) increased in both groups (RT +4.8%, p = 0.012, CON +8.4% p = 0.044); however, jump height relative to ground level (JHGL) increased in RT only (+8.0%, p = 0.013). Conclusions: In conclusion, designated resistance training during the off-season period is effective in maintaining and improving essential components of sports-specific performance and maximal knee extensor strength in elite female team handball players. Comparable protocols of twice-a-week heavy-load resistance training may also be beneficial in other types of intermittent elite team sports (i.e., football, basketball) that include maximal jumping actions, short-distance sprints, and rapid change of direction movements.
Microstructure Characterization and Mechanical Properties of Al6061 Alloy Fabricated by Laser Powder Bed Fusion
Authors: Hosseini Faezeh , Asad Asad , Yakout Mostafa
Published: December 2024

Processing high-performance aluminum alloys, including 6xxx and 7xxx series, via laser additive manufacturing (AM) processes poses significant challenges, primarily due to the rapid cooling rates inherent in these processes, which often result in solidification cracking and metallurgical defects. This study aimed at producing dense, crack-free samples of Al6061 alloys, using the laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) process. Taguchi’s method of design of experiments was employed to study the effects of laser power, scanning speed, and hatch spacing on the L-PBF process parameters for Al6061. Two types of samples were fabricated: cubic samples for density and microstructural analyses; and dog bone samples for tensile testing. The microstructure, density, mechanical properties, fractography, and material composition of the L-PBF Al6061 parts were investigated. Based on our experimental findings, an optimal process window is suggested, with a laser power of 200–250 W, scanning speed of 1000 mm/s, and hatch spacing of 140 µm, resulting in complete melting within the energy density range of 44–50 J/mm3. This work demonstrates that adjusting processing conditions—specifically, increasing the energy density from 25.51 J/mm3 to 44.64 J/mm3—leads to a reduction in porosity from approximately 5% to below 1%, significantly improving the density and quality of the parts fabricated using L-PBF.
Online Data-Driven Integrated Prediction Model for Ship Motion Based on Data Augmentation and Filtering Decomposition and Time-Varying Neural Network
Authors: Gao Nan , Chuang Zhenju , Hu Ankang
Published: December 2024

Online prediction for ship motion with strong nonlinear characteristics under harsh sea states will significantly reduce the damage of large accidents. Therefore, an integrated ship motion online prediction model consisting of a data augmentation algorithm based on the Improved Temporal Convolutional Network and Time Generative Adversarial Network (ITCN-TGAN), and an Improved Empirical Mode Decomposition (IEMD) and a Time-Varying Neural Network based on Global Time Pattern Attention (GTPA-TNN), is proposed in this article. The results of the validation tests in which the container ship KCS is taken as the example show that the synthetic data generated by ITCN-TGAN based on the dataset with few nonlinear samples are very similar to the original data, which proves that the synthetic data have high authenticity and can be used as training data to reduce the sampling cost; the input signal is decomposed into multiple Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMFs) by IEMD without noise diffusion, an endpoint effect, or mode mixing occurring in it, which indirectly improved the accuracy; and the dynamic sliding window adaptively adjusts the input sequence length according to the waveform characteristics to improve the computational stability of the model, the accuracy of GTPA-TNN can maintain a high level during the prediction period in various working conditions, and the error distribution is almost the same, which suggests that the integrated model has strong robustness and can realize the goal of online prediction of ship motion under harsh sea conditions.
Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Port Construction on the Surrounding Mudflat Topography Based on Remote Sensing—A Case Study of Binhai Port in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Chen Binbin , Chen Zhengdong , Song Chuping , Pang Xiaodong , Liu Peixun , Kang Yanyan
Published: December 2024

Activities, particularly harbor construction, often exert significant and non-negligible impacts on coastal environments. Therefore, it is of great practical importance to quantitatively assess the effects of such construction on the surrounding topography, such as tidal flats. This study focuses on the coast of Jiangsu Binhai Harbor. Using multi-source and multi-temporal remote sensing images, digital elevation models of tidal flats surrounding Binhai Harbor were generated for the years 2013, 2015, and 2017 through the waterline method. A quantitative analysis was conducted utilizing GIS spatial analysis techniques to examine erosion–deposition patterns, contour changes, and typical cross-sectional comparisons. The findings reveal that, although the overall coastline is in a state of erosion, the localized impacts of harbor construction are evident. Between 2013 and 2017, the northern tidal flats experienced overall erosion, whereas deposition occurred near the harbor’s root areas. Compared to 2013–2015, there was a significant decrease in erosion between 2015 and 2017, indicating that the construction of the project had a significant impact on the northern tidal flats. Throughout the five-year study period, the tidal flats within the breakwater underwent continuous adjustment, shifting from being close to the shoreline to being concentrated on both sides of the breakwater. Significant siltation was observed on the inner side of the breakwater at Binhai Harbor between 2015 and 2017, with an increase of 0.86 km2 in the area above −2 m. This study demonstrates that remote sensing technology is highly effective in monitoring changes in coastal topography, especially under the influence of human activities.
Fungi and Fungal Metabolites for the Improvement of Human and Animal Life, Nutrition and Health
Authors: Dufossé Laurent
Published: December 2024

Fungi: 1, 2, 3, [...]
The Decisive Influence of the Improved Remote Sensing Ecological Index on the Terrestrial Ecosystem in Typical Arid Areas of China
Authors: Guo Long , Xu Chao , Wu Hongqi , Shi Mingjie , Fan Yanmin
Published: December 2024

This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal changes in ecological environment quality (EEQ) in arid regions, using Xinjiang as a case study, from 2000 to 2023, with an improved remote sensing ecological index (IRSEI). Due to the complex ecology of arid regions, the traditional remote sensing ecological index (RSEI) has limitations in capturing ecological dynamics. To address this, we propose an enhanced IRSEI model that replaces normalization with standardization, improving robustness against outliers. Additionally, the kernel normalized difference vegetation index (kNDVI) and normalized difference salinity index (NDSI) are integrated to assess saline areas more effectively. The methodology includes time series analysis, spatial distribution analysis, and statistical evaluations using the difference method, coefficient of variation, and the Hurst index. Results show that the IRSEI more accurately reflects ecological dynamics than the RSEI. Temporal analysis reveals stable overall EEQ, with some areas improving. Spatially, the environment is generally better in the north and in mountainous regions than in the south and plains. Statistical evaluations suggest a positive trend in ecological changes, with improved areas surpassing degraded ones. This study contributes to the monitoring, protection, and management of arid region ecosystems, emphasizing the need for high-resolution data and further analysis.
Response Modeling and Optimization of Process Parameters in Turning Medium Carbon Steel Under Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) with Vegetable Oil and Oil Blends
Authors: Das Indranil , Zaman Prianka Binte
Published: December 2024

Machining is an important aspect of manufacturing. The application of cutting fluid in the field of engineering manufacturing has a history of hundreds of years, and it plays a vital role in the processing efficiency and surface quality of parts. The use of vegetable oil in machining operations is receiving attention currently for sustainable alternatives to mineral-based cutting oil. If the vegetable oil is applied through the minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) technique, it becomes more cost effective, eco-friendly, and sustainable. This study aims to investigate the effects (cutting force and temperature) of coconut oil, a coconut–rice bran oil blend, and a coconut–olive oil blend, and compare them with VG 68 oil using MQL. A magnetic stirrer was employed for mixing oils (coconut–rice bran oil and coconut–olive oil), performed at 40 °C and 250 rpm. The response parameter values were evaluated at different combinations of speed (78, 113.5, and 149 mm/min), feed (0.1, 0.13, and 0.16 mm/rev), and depth of cut (0.5, 0.75, and 0.1 mm). The design of the experiment (DOE) was created using the value of input parameters using response surface methodology (RSM). Percentage (%) reduction was calculated to compare the reduction in cutting force and temperature by using coconut oil, a coconut–rice bran oil blend, and a coconut–olive oil blend concerning mineral oil. Empirical models were developed for cutting force and temperature by RSM for the four cutting environments. The ANOVA result shows that the model performed satisfactorily for both temperature and force analysis. RSM-based optimization was carried out and the optimal solution was found at the cutting speed of 80.15 m/min, feed rate of 0.10 mm/min, and 0.5 mm depth of cut for the coconut–olive oil blend. Also, the model performed better in the reduction in force than temperature.
Study on Performance of Compliant Foil Gas Film Seal Based on Different Texture Bottom Designs
Authors: He Zhenpeng , Zou Yuchen , Si Jiaxin , Lei Ziyi , Li Ning , Guo Yuhang
Published: December 2024

To investigate how texture affects the sealing performance of compliant foil, a systematic analysis was conducted on the impact of various bottom shapes of rectangular textures on the gas film sealing performance of the foil. The Reynolds equation for the compliant foil seal is solved using the finite difference method., and the average gas film pressure, bearing capacity, leakage, and friction performance parameters of the compliant foil gas film seal are obtained. The results indicate that the convergent right triangle bottom shape texture provides the best sealing performance, with the average gas film pressure reaching 1.457. This is 0.10% higher than the non-textured case and 0.55% higher than the horizontal bottom shape texture. For the same texture area ratio, increasing the texture length in the axial direction improves the dynamic pressure effect. When the aspect ratio is 2/1, the gas film pressure reaches its maximum, and leakage is minimized. With an area ratio of 0.25 and a depth of 5 μm, the compliant foil gas film seal achieves the highest pressure and the lowest leakage. Compared with the average pressure without texture, the average pressure can be increased by 0.83%, and the leakage can be reduced by 6.61%.
Evaluation of Almond Shell Activated Carbon for Dye (Methylene Blue and Malachite Green) Removal by Experimental and Simulation Studies
Authors: Rial Adrián , Pimentel Catarina Helena , Gómez-Díaz Diego , Freire María Sonia , González-Álvarez Julia
Published: December 2024

The present work analyzes the behavior of an activated carbon fabricated from almond shells for the removal of cationic dyes (methylene blue, MB, and malachite green, MG) by adsorption from aqueous solutions. The carbonized precursor was activated with KOH at a 1:2 (w/w) ratio with the objective of increasing both the surface area and the pore volume. Both non-activated and activated carbon were characterized in different aspects of interest in dye adsorption studies (surface structure, point of zero charge, specific surface area, and pore size distribution). The effect of the dye’s initial concentration and adsorbent dosage on dye removal efficiency and carbon adsorption capacity was studied. Adsorption kinetics were analyzed under different experimental conditions, and different models were assayed to determine the adsorption mechanism. Dye adsorption in the adsorbent surface could be considered the rate-limiting step. Different adsorption equilibrium models were evaluated to fit the experimental data. This adsorbent allowed us to reach high Langmuir adsorption capacity for both dyes (MB: 341 mg·g−1, MG: 364 mg·g−1 at 25 °C and 0.5 g·L−1). Moreover, kinetic and equilibrium adsorption data have been used to simulate breakthrough curves in a packed-bed column using different conditions (bed length, liquid flowrate, and dye initial concentration). The simulation results showed that almond shell activated carbon is a suitable adsorbent for methylene blue and malachite green removal from wastewater.
Numerical Homogenization of Orthotropic Functionally Graded Periodic Cellular Materials: Method Development and Implementation
Authors: Shahbazian Behnam , Bautista Katsalukha Victor , Mirsayar Mirmilad
Published: December 2024

This study advances the state of the art by computing the macroscopic elastic properties of 2D periodic functionally graded microcellular materials, incorporating both isotropic and orthotropic solid phases, as seen in additively manufactured components. This is achieved through numerical homogenization and several novel MATLAB implementations (known in this study as Cellular_Solid, Homogenize_test, homogenize_ortho, and Homogenize_test_ortho_principal). The developed codes in the current work treat each cell as a material point, compute the corresponding cell elasticity tensor using numerical homogenization, and assign it to that specific point. This is conducted based on the principle of scale separation, which is a fundamental concept in homogenization theory. Then, by deriving a fit function that maps the entire material domain, the homogenized material properties are predicted at any desired point. It is shown that this method is very capable of capturing the effects of orthotropy during the solid phase of the material and that it effectively accounts for the influence of void geometry on the macroscopic anisotropies, since the obtained elasticity tensor has different E1 and E2 values. Also, it is revealed that the complexity of the void patterns and the intensity of the void size changes from one cell to another can significantly affect the overall error in terms of the predicted material properties. As the stochasticity in the void sizes increases, the error also tends to increase, since it becomes more challenging to interpolate the data accurately. Therefore, utilizing advanced computational techniques, such as more sophisticated fitting methods like the Fourier series, and implementing machine learning algorithms can significantly improve the overall accuracy of the results. Furthermore, the developed codes can easily be extended to accommodate the homogenization of composite materials incorporating multiple orthotropic phases. This implementation is limited to periodic void distributions and currently supports circular, rectangular, square, and hexagonal void shapes.
Histological Evaluation of Sodium Iodide-Based Root Canal Filling Materials in Canine Teeth
Authors: Lee Jae Hee , Lee Sak , Park Hye-shin , Kim Yu-Jin , Lee Hae-Hyoung , Han Mi-Ran , Lee Jun-Haeng , Kim Jong-Bin , Shin Ji-Sun , Kim Jong-Soo , Lee Jung-Hwan
Published: December 2024

A novel water-soluble root canal filling material based on sodium iodide (NaI) has been developed to overcome the limitations of existing iodine-based formulations. However, the biological stability of this approach in animal studies remains unverified. This study evaluated the biocompatibility of NaI compared to commercial root canal filling materials (Calcipex II and Vitapex®) in pulpectomized canine teeth to assess its clinical applicability. Following a four-week observation period, none of the experimental groups exhibited tooth mobility or fistula formation. Radiographic and micro-CT analyses revealed no radiolucency in periapical lesions. Histopathologic evaluation demonstrated the absence of inflammatory responses in periapical regions across all material groups, with histological inflammation scoring 0. High-magnification histological examination of periapical areas showed well-preserved periodontal ligament tissue in all groups. Despite certain limitations of NaI-based fillings in the pulp cavity, including loss of radiopacity and tooth discoloration, NaI demonstrates potential as a safe and effective alternative for pulp filling material, particularly due to its minimal risk of root resorption and inflammatory response.
Dynamic Characteristics of Gear System Under Compound Fault of Tooth Root Crack and Bearing Outer Ring
Authors: Bai Yu , Jiang Hong , Zhang Xiangfeng , Lei Zhen , Huang Wenhan , Zhu Zhijie , Cui Chaochao
Published: December 2024

Research on single faults like tooth root cracks and bearing outer ring failures is well-established. However, existing studies often replace the actual crack propagation path with a simplified linear crack model, neglecting the variation in stress intensity factors. They do not account for the coupling effect between gear teeth when calculating gear mesh stiffness. In practice, gearbox failures are predominantly compound failures involving both gears and bearings. This paper simulates the actual crack propagation path based on Workbench, introduces a dual-tooth meshing zone method to address the tooth-to-tooth coupling effect, and establishes a dynamic model of a system with compound faults of tooth root cracks and bearing outer ring defects. The dynamic response of the system under different levels of deterioration is then investigated. The findings indicate that the crack propagation path exhibits a concave shape, with the curvature of the path increasing as the crack deteriorates. The time-varying mesh stiffness calculated by considering tooth-to-tooth coupling effects aligns more closely with the finite element results. By analyzing the evolution patterns of the impact components and sidebands during the deterioration process, the dynamic evolution trends of the coupling phenomenon between tooth root cracks and bearing outer ring faults are clarified.
Research on the Model and Pattern of Community Opinion Dis-Semination Regarding Coal Mines
Authors: Yu Kai , Mu Zhaoxiang , Lu Jifeng
Published: December 2024

Residents of coal mining communities include both coal mine workers and local residents, making the guidance of public opinion essential for maintaining social stability in such communities. Therefore, this paper utilizes an improved word2Vec model to extract factors influencing public opinion from a large number of accident cases. It then develops a coal mining community public opinion dissemination model based on game theory, focusing on two groups: official media and opinion leaders. By integrating cellular automata (CA) and agent-based modeling, this study examines the dissemination patterns of public opinion in coal mining communities. The simulation results and practical applications indicate that public opinion in coal mining communities spreads rapidly and can be effectively shaped. Positive guidance from official media plays a crucial role in directing public opinion. However, as interactions evolve, public opinion dynamics may become less favorable. Strengthening the intensity of positive guidance from official media further enhances its ability to shape and influence public opinion in coal mining communities. This research provides a novel perspective and methodology for studying community safety management, offering significant theoretical and practical implications.
Integral Reinforcement Learning-Based Online Adaptive Dynamic Event-Triggered Control Design in Mixed Zero-Sum Games for Unknown Nonlinear Systems
Authors: Liang Yuling , Shao Zhi , Su Hanguang , Liu Lei , Mao Xiao
Published: December 2024

Mixed zero-sum games consider both zero-sum and non-zero-sum differential game problems simultaneously. In this paper, multiplayer mixed zero-sum games (MZSGs) are studied by the means of an integral reinforcement learning (IRL) algorithm under the dynamic event-triggered control (DETC) mechanism for completely unknown nonlinear systems. Firstly, the adaptive dynamic programming (ADP)-based on-policy approach is proposed for solving the MZSG problem for the nonlinear system with multiple players. Secondly, to avoid using dynamic information of the system, a model-free control strategy is developed by utilizing actor–critic neural networks (NNs) for addressing the MZSG problem of unknown systems. On this basis, for the purpose of avoiding wasted communication and computing resources, the dynamic event-triggered mechanism is integrated into the integral reinforcement learning algorithm, in which a dynamic triggering condition is designed to further reduce triggering times. With the help of the Lyapunov stability theorem, the system states and weight values of NNs are proven to be uniformly ultimately bounded (UUB) stable. Finally, two examples are demonstrated to show the effectiveness and feasibility of the developed control method. Compared with static event-triggering mode, the simulation results show that the number of actuator updates in the DETC mechanism has been reduced by 55% and 69%, respectively.
A Novel Multi-Channel Image Encryption Algorithm Leveraging Pixel Reorganization and Hyperchaotic Maps
Authors: Feng Wei , Yang Jiaxin , Zhao Xiangyu , Qin Zhentao , Zhang Jing , Zhu Zhengguo , Wen Heping , Qian Kun
Published: December 2024

Chaos-based encryption is promising for safeguarding digital images. Nonetheless, existing chaos-based encryption algorithms still exhibit certain shortcomings. Given this, we propose a novel multi-channel image encryption algorithm that leverages pixel reorganization and hyperchaotic maps (MIEA-PRHM). Our MIEA-PRHM algorithm employs two hyperchaotic maps to jointly generate chaotic sequences, ensuring a larger key space and better randomness. During the encryption process, we first convert input images into two fused matrices through pixel reorganization. Then, we apply two rounds of scrambling and diffusion operations, coupled with one round of substitution operations, to the high 4-bit matrix. For the low 4-bit matrix, we conduct one round of substitution and diffusion operations. Extensive experiments and comparisons demonstrate that MIEA-PRHM outperforms many recent encryption algorithms in various aspects, especially in encryption efficiency.
Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm for Determining Global Optima of Investment Portfolio Weight Using Mean-Value-at-Risk Model in Banking Sector Stocks
Authors: Amal Moh. Alfi , Napitupulu Herlina , Sukono
Published: December 2024

Computational algorithms are systematically written instructions or steps used to solve logical and mathematical problems with computers. These algorithms are crucial to rapidly and efficiently analyzing complex data, especially in global optimization problems like portfolio investment optimization. Investment portfolios are created because investors seek high average returns from stocks and must also consider the risk of loss, which is measured using the value at risk (VaR). This study aims to develop a computational algorithm based on the metaheuristic particle swarm optimization (PSO) model, which can be used to solve global optimization problems in portfolio investment. The data used in the simulation of the developed computational algorithm consist of daily stock returns from the banking sector traded in the Indonesian capital market. The quantitative research methodology involves formulating an algorithm to solve the global optimization problem in portfolio investment with mathematical calculations and quantitative data analysis. The objective function is to maximize the mean-value-at-risk model for portfolio investment, with constraints on the capital allocation weights in each stock within the portfolio. The results of this study indicate that the adapted PSO algorithm successfully determines the optimal portfolio weight composition, calculates the expected return and VaR in the optimal portfolio, creates an efficient frontier surface graph, and establishes portfolio performance measures. Across 50 trials, the algorithm records an average expected return of 0.000737, a return standard deviation of 0.00934, a value at risk of 0.01463, and a Sharpe ratio of 0.0504. Further evaluation of the PSO algorithm’s performance shows high consistency in generating optimal portfolios with appropriate parameter selection. The novelty of this research lies in developing an accurate computational algorithm for determining the global optima of mean-value-at-risk portfolio investments, yielding precise, consistent results with relatively fast computation times. The contribution to users is an easy-to-use tool for computational analysis that can assist in decision-making for portfolio investment formation.
Design of Dual-Channel Supply Chain Network Based on the Internet of Things Under Uncertainty
Authors: Nozari Hamed , Abdi Hossein , Szmelter-Jarosz Agnieszka , Motevalli Seyyed Hesamoddin
Published: December 2024

In this paper, a mathematical model of a dual-channel supply chain network (DCSCN) based on the Internet of Things (IoT) under uncertainty is presented, and its solution using algorithms based on artificial intelligence such as genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), imperialist competitive algorithm (ICA), and gray wolf optimizer (GWO). The main goal of this model is to maximize the total DCSCN profit to determine the amount of demand accurately, price in direct and indirect channels, locate distribution centers, and equip/not equip these centers with IoT devices. The results show that with the increase in the uncertainty rate, the amount of demand and corresponding transportation costs have increased. This issue has led to a decrease in the total DCSCN profit. By analyzing the mathematical model, it was also observed that deploying IoT equipment in distribution centers has increased fixed costs. Examining this issue shows that by increasing the savings factor by 0.2, the total DCSCN profit has increased by 6.5%. By ranking the algorithms with the TOPSIS method, the GA was ranked as the most efficient algorithm, followed by PSO, ICA, and GWO. This IoT-enhanced dual-channel supply chain model not only aims to optimize traditional supply chain metrics but also introduces advanced, data-driven strategies for improving demand management, pricing, and infrastructure allocation, ultimately driving profitability in uncertain environments.
Transgenic Schizochytrium as a Promising Oral Vaccine Carrier: Potential Application in the Aquaculture Industry
Authors: Ma Ke , Deng Lei , Wu Yuanjie , Gao Yuan , Fan Jianhua , Wu Haizhen
Published: December 2024

Schizochytrium limacinum SR21, a kind of eukaryotic heterotrophic organism rich in unsaturated fatty acids, is an emerging microbial alternative to fish oil. The dietary inclusion of 15% SR21 was optimal for the growth performance of zebrafish. Previous studies demonstrated that fructose-1,6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA) of Edwardsiella tarda is a valuable broad-spectrum antigen against various pathogens in aquaculture (e.g., Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibro anguillarum, Vibro harveyi, Vibro alginolyticus). We pioneered the development of stable S. limacinum SR21 transformants expressing the antigen protein FBA, exploring their potential as a novel oral vaccine for the aquaculture industry. The model animal zebrafish (Danio rerio) and ornamental fish koi carp (Cyprinus carpio koi) were harnessed to assess the immunoprotective effect, respectively. According to the quantitative expression analysis, zebrafish fed with recombinant Schizochytrium expressing FBA exhibited specific immune responses in the intestine. The expression levels of MHC-I and MHC-II, involved in cell-mediated adaptive immune responses, were significantly upregulated on the 14th and 28th days post-immunization. Additionally, the expression of highly specialized antibody genes IgZ1 and IgZ2 in mucosal immunity were significantly triggered on the 14th day post-immunization. Feeding koi carp with recombinant S. limacinum SR21-FBA increased the production of myeloperoxidase and FBA-specific antibodies in the sera. Furthermore, the sera of koi fed with recombinant S. limacinum SR21-FBA exhibited significant bactericidal activities against pathogen E. tarda. Thus, S. limacinum SR21 is a natural and highly promising oral vaccine carrier that not only provides essential nutrients as a functional feed ingredient but also offers specific immune protection to aquatic animals. This dual application is vital for promoting the sustainable development of the aquaculture industry.
Detection of the Cyclic Imines Pinnatoxin G, 13-Desmethyl Spirolide C and 20-Methyl Spirolide G in Bivalve Molluscs from Great Britain
Authors: Alexander Ryan P. , O’Neill Alison , Dean Karl J. , Turner Andrew D. , Maskrey Benjamin H.
Published: December 2024

Harmful algal biotoxins in the marine environment are a threat to human food safety due to their bioaccumulation in bivalve shellfish. Whilst official control monitoring provides ongoing risk management for regulated toxins in live bivalve molluscs, no routine monitoring system is currently in operation in the UK for other non-regulated toxins. To assess the potential presence of such compounds, a systematic screen of bivalve shellfish was conducted throughout Great Britain. A rapid dispersive methanolic extraction was used with UHPLC-MS/MS analysis to test for fifteen cyclic imines and seven brevetoxins in 2671 shellfish samples taken from designated shellfish harvesting areas around Great Britain during 2018. Out of the 22 toxins incorporated into the method, only pinnatoxin G, 13-desmethyl spirolide C and 20-methyl spirolide G were detected, with maximum concentrations of 85.4 µg/kg, 13.4 µg/kg and 51.4 µg/kg, respectively. A follow up study of pinnatoxin G-positive samples examined its potential esterification to fatty acids and concluded that following hydrolysis, pinnatoxin G concentration increased by an average of 8.6%, with the tentative identification of these esters determined by LC-HRMS. This study highlights the requirement for ongoing monitoring of emerging threats and the requirement for toxicological and risk assessment studies.
Effectiveness of Meditation Techniques in Treating Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Authors: Orme-Johnson David W. , Barnes Vernon A. , Rees Brian , Tobin Jean , Walton Kenneth G.
Published: December 2024

Background and Objectives: Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating condition worldwide. The limited effectiveness of current psychological and pharmacological treatments has motivated studies on meditation techniques. This study is a comprehensive, multiple-treatments meta-analysis comparing the effectiveness of different categories of meditation in treating PTSD. Methods and Materials: We followed Prisma guidelines in our published protocol to search major databases and to conduct a meta-analysis of the studies. Results: We located 61 studies with 3440 subjects and divided them logically into four treatment groups: Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR, 13 studies); Mindfulness-Based Other techniques (MBO, 16 studies), Transcendental Meditation (TM, 18 studies), and Other Meditations that were neither mindfulness nor TM (OM, 14 studies). Trauma populations included war veterans, war refugees, earthquake and tsunami victims, female survivors of interpersonal violence, clinical nurses, male and female prison inmates, and traumatized students. Of those offered, 86% were willing to try meditation. The baseline characteristics of subjects were similar across meditation categories: mean age = 52.2 years, range 29–75; sample size = 55.4, range 5–249; % males = 65.1%, range 0–100; and maximum study duration = 13.2 weeks, range 1–48. There were no significant differences between treatment categories on strength of research design nor evidence of publication bias. The pooled mean effect sizes in Hedges’s g for the four categories were MBSR = −0.52, MBO = −0.66, OM = −0.63, and TM = −1.13. There were no appreciable differences in the study characteristics of research conducted on different meditations in terms of the types of study populations included, outcome measures, control conditions, gender, or length of time between the intervention and assessment of PTSD. TM’s effect was significantly larger than for each of the other categories, which did not differ from each other. No study reported serious side effects. Conclusions: All categories of meditation studied were helpful in mitigating symptoms of PTSD. TM produced clinically significant reductions in PTSD in all trauma groups. We recommend a multisite Phase 3 clinical trial to test TM’s efficacy compared with standard treatment.
Slit1 Promotes Hypertrophic Scar Formation Through the TGF-β Signaling Pathway
Authors: Cui Hui Song , Zheng Ya Xin , Cho Yoon Soo , Ro Yu Mi , Jeon Kibum , Joo So Young , Seo Cheong Hoon
Published: December 2024

Background and objectives: Slit1 is a secreted protein that is closely related to cell movement and adhesion. Few studies related to fibrosis exist, and the preponderance of current research is confined to the proliferation and differentiation of neural systems. Hypertrophic scars (HTSs) are delineated by an overproduction of the extracellular matrix (ECM) by activated fibroblasts, leading to anomalous fibrosis, which is a severe sequela of burns. However, the functionality of Slit1 in HTS formation remains unknown. We aimed to investigate whether Slit1 regulates fibroblasts through a fibrosis-related mechanism derived from post-burn HTS tissues and normal patient tissues. Methods: Human normal fibroblasts (HNFs) and hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HTSFs) were extracted from normal skin and post-burn HTS tissues, with settings grouped according to the patient of origin. Cell proliferation was evaluated using a CellTiter-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay Kit. Cell migration experiments were carried out using a μ-Dish insert system. Protein and mRNA expression levels were quantified by Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Results: We found increased expressions of Slit1 in HTS tissues and HTSFs compared to normal tissues and HNFs. The treatment of human recombinant Slit1 protein (rSlit1) within HNFs promoted cell proliferation and differentiation, leading to an upregulation in ECM components such as α-SMA, type I and III collagen, and fibronectin. The treatment of rSlit1 in HNFs facilitated cell migration, concurrent with enhanced levels of N-cadherin and vimentin, and a diminished expression of E-cadherin. Treatment with rSlit1 resulted in the phosphorylation of SMAD pathway proteins, including SMAD2, SMAD3, and SMAD1/5/8, and non-SMAD pathway proteins, including TAK1, JNK1, ERK1/2, and p38, in HNFs. Conclusions: Exogenous Slit1 potentiates the epithelial–mesenchymal transition and upregulates SMAD and non-SMAD signaling pathways in HNFs, leading to the development of HTS, suggesting that Slit1 is a promising new target for the treatment of post-burn HTS.
Molecular Mimicry Between Gut Microbiome and Rheumatoid Arthritis: Current Concepts
Authors: Muruganandam Anandanarayan , Migliorini Filippo , Jeyaraman Naveen , Vaishya Raju , Balaji Sangeetha , Ramasubramanian Swaminathan , Maffulli Nicola , Jeyaraman Madhan
Published: December 2024

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) represents an autoimmune condition impacted by a combination of genetic and environmental factors, with the gut microbiome (GMB) being one of the influential environmental factors. Patients with RA display notable modifications in the composition of their GMB, characterised by decreased diversity and distinct bacterial alterations. The GMB, comprising an extensive array of approximately 35,000 bacterial species residing within the gastrointestinal tract, has garnered considerable attention as a pivotal contributor to both human health and the pathogenesis of diseases. This article provides an in-depth exploration of the intricate involvement of the GMB in the context of RA. The oral–GMB axis highlights the complex role of bacteria in RA pathogenesis by producing antibodies to citrullinated proteins (ACPAs) through molecular mimicry. Dysbiosis affects Tregs, cytokine levels, and RA disease activity, suggesting that regulating cytokines could be a strategy for managing inflammation in RA. The GMB also has significant implications for drug responses and toxicity, giving rise to the field of pharmacomicrobiomics. The composition of the microbiota can impact the efficacy and toxicity of drugs, while the microbiota’s metabolites can influence drug response. Recent research has identified specific bacteria, metabolites, and immune responses associated with RA, offering potential targets for personalised management. However, several challenges, including the variation in microbial composition, establishing causality, accounting for confounding factors, and translating findings into clinical practice, need to be addressed. Microbiome-targeted therapy is still in its early stages and requires further research and standardisation for effective implementation.