bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The impact of energy barrier height on border traps in the metal insulator semicondoctor gate stacks on III–V semiconductors
Authors: Yoshida Shinichi , Taniguchi Satoshi , Minari Hideki , Lin Dennis , Ivanov Tsvetan , Watanabe Heiji , Nakazawa Masashi , Collaert Nadine , Thean Aaron
Published: May 2016

We investigated the effect of a thin interfacial layer (IL) made of silicon or germanium between high-k dielectrics and III–V semiconductors on the frequency dispersion of the capacitance–voltage (C–V) curves in detail. We demonstrated experimentally that the frequency dispersion at accumulation voltage is strongly dependent on the energy barrier height (ΦB) between high-k dielectrics and semiconductors. It was revealed that the improvement of frequency dispersion for n-type III–V semiconductors with IL is attributed to the increase in ΦB realized by inserting Ge IL. Moreover, the border trap density did not necessarily decrease with IL through the assessment of border trap density using a distributed bulk-oxide trap model. Finally, we proved that it is important to increase ΦB to suppress the carrier exchange and improve high-k/III–V gate stack reliability.
Application to Photocatalytic H2 Production of a Whole‐Cell Reaction by Recombinant Escherichia coli Cells Expressing [FeFe]‐Hydrogenase and Maturases Genes
Authors: Honda Yuki , Hagiwara Hidehisa , Ida Shintaro , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: May 2016

A photocatalytic H2 production system using an inorganic–bio hybrid photocatalyst could contribute to the efficient utilization of solar energy, but would require the development of a new approach for preparing a H2‐forming biocatalyst. In the present study, we constructed a recombinant strain of Escherichia coli expressing the genes encoding the [FeFe]‐hydrogenase and relevant maturases from Clostridium acetobutylicum NBRC 13948 for use as a biocatalyst. We investigated the direct application of a whole‐cell of the recombinant E. coli. The combination of TiO2, methylviologen, and the recombinant E. coli formed H2 under light irradiation, demonstrating that whole cells of the recombinant E. coli could be employed for photocatalytic H2 production without any time‐consuming and costly manipulations (for example, enzyme purification). This is the first report of the direct application of a whole‐cell reaction of recombinant E. coli to photocatalytic H2 production.
First Step Towards a Devil's Staircase in Spin‐Crossover Materials
Authors: Trzop Elzbieta , Zhang Daopeng , Piñeiro‐Lopez Lucia , Valverde‐Muñoz Francisco J. , Carmen Muñoz M. , Palatinus Lukas , Guerin Laurent , Cailleau Hervé , Real Jose Antonio , Collet Eric
Published: May 2016

The unprecedented bimetallic 2D coordination polymer {Fe[(Hg(SCN)3)2](4,4′‐bipy)2}n exhibits a thermal high‐spin (HS)↔low‐spin (LS) staircase‐like conversion characterized by a multi‐step dependence of the HS molar fraction γHS. Between the fully HS (γHS=1) and LS (γHS=0) phases, two steps associated with different ordering appear in terms of spin‐state concentration waves (SSCW). On the γHS≈0.5 step, a periodic SSCW forms with a HS‐LS‐HS‐LS sequence. On the γHS≈0.34 step, the 4D superspace crystallography structural refinement reveals an aperiodic SSCW, with a HS‐LS sequence incommensurate with the molecular lattice. The formation of these different long‐range spatially ordered structures of LS and HS states during the multi‐step spin‐crossover is discussed within the framework of “Devil's staircase”‐type transitions. Spatially modulated phases are known in various types of materials but are uniquely related to molecular HS/LS bistability in this case.
Elevated levels of tissue plasminogen activator and E‐selectin in male children with autism spectrum disorder
Authors: Şimşek Şeref , Çetin İhsan , Çim Abdullah , Kaya Savaş
Published: May 2016

Although the etiopathology of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is not clear, immune dysfunction has been proposed as a mechanism for the pathophysiology of ASD. The purpose of this study is to examine serum levels of tissue plasminogen activator (t‐PA) and some adhesion molecules in children with ASD that have not been investigated previously in detail. The study group included 35 male children aged from 2 to 9 diagnosed with ASD according to DSM‐V criteria. Soluble platelet endothelial adhesion molecule‐1 (sPECAM‐1), P‐selectin, E‐selectin, and t‐PA in the serum were determined with enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Autism behavior check list (ABC) is used for the assessment of ASD severity. The levels of t‐PA (P = 0.025) and E‐selectin (P = 0.007) was detected significantly higher in children with ASD than control group. Serum levels of sPECAM‐1 showed statistically significant negative correlation with sensory, body and object‐use, language, social, and self‐help and total scores in the patient group (r = −0.349, P = 0.04; r = −0.411, P = 0.01; r = −0.412, P = 0.01; r = −0.417, P = 0.01, and r = −0.531, P < 0.01, respectively). Serum levels of P‐selectin levels showed statistically significant negative correlation with ABC total score in the patient group (r = −0.378, P = 0.03). It may be suggested that t‐PA, E‐selectin, P‐selectin, and sPECAM‐1 a crucial role in inflammatory conditions in children with ASD. Autism Res 2016, 9: 1241–1247. © 2016 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
The pharmacokinetics of dronedarone in normolipidemic and hyperlipidemic rats
Authors: Jardan Yousef A. Bin , Brocks Dion R.
Published: May 2016

The objectives of the current study were to characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of dronedarone in the rat, and to examine the effect of hyperlipidemia on its pharmacokinetics. Single doses of dronedarone were administered to rats intravenously (4 mg/kg), orally (55 mg/kg) and intraperitoneally (65 mg/kg). To induce hyperlipidemia, some of the rats were administered intraperitoneal doses of poloxamer 407 before giving an oral dose of dronedarone. After intravenous doses of 4 mg/kg dronedarone, plasma clearance and volume of distribution at steady‐state were 25.1 ± 8.09 mL/min/kg and 10.8 ± 4.77 L/kg, respectively. After oral doses the maximum plasma concentrations (Cmax) and their median time of attainment (tmax) were 1.87 ± 1.65 mg/mL and 3.5 h, respectively. Intraperitoneal administration of 65 mg/kg dronedarone base yielded plasma Cmax and median tmax of 0.816 ± 0.611 mg/mL and 3 h, respectively. Protein binding was high in NL and HL plasma. Dronedarone is extensively distributed with high volume of distribution in the rat. The drug showed poor bioavailability (<20%) after oral and intraperitoneal administration. The increased plasma concentrations after oral dosing to hyperlipidemic rats appears to be attributable to a direct effect on metabolizing enzymes or transport proteins. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Outcomes after resection and/or radiofrequency ablation for recurrence after treatment of colorectal liver metastases
Authors: Hof J , Wertenbroek M W J L A E , Peeters P M J G , Widder J , Sieders E , de Jong K P
Published: May 2016

Background

Repeat liver resection for colorectal liver metastases (CRLMs) is possible in a limited number of patients, with radiofrequency ablation (RFA) as an alternative for unresectable CRLMs. The aim of this study was to analyse survival rates with these interventions.

Methods

This was a database analysis of patients who underwent first and repeat interventions for synchronous and metachronous CRLMs between 2000 and 2013. Descriptive and survival statistics were calculated.

Results

Among 431 patients who underwent resection or RFA for CRLMs, 305 patients developed recurrences for which 160 repeat interventions (resection and/or RFA or ablative radiotherapy) were performed. In total, after 707 first or repeat interventions, 516 recurrences (73·0 per cent) developed, of which 276 were retreated curatively. At the time of first intervention, independent risk factors for death were lymph node-positive primary tumour (hazard ratio (HR) 1·40; P = 0·030), more than one CRLM (HR 1·53; P = 0·007), carcinoembryonic antigen level exceeding 200 ng/ml (HR 1·89; P = 0·020) and size of largest CRLM greater than 5 cm (HR 1·54; P = 0·014). The 5-year overall survival rates for liver resection and percutaneous RFA as first intervention were 51·9 and 53 per cent, with a median overall survival of 65·0 (95 per cent c.i. 47·3 to 82·6) and 62·1 (52·2 to 72·1) months, respectively.

Conclusion

RFA had good oncological outcomes in patients with unresectable CRLMs. Radiofrequency ablation is progressively more applied with each additional intervention.
Facile Preparation of Bright‐Fluorescent Soft Materials from Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Wang Hang‐Xing , Yang Ze , Liu Zhong‐Guo , Wan Jia‐Yun , Xiao Juan , Zhang Hao‐Li
Published: May 2016

Highly fluorescent and biocompatible soft materials are desirable for many potential applications, but their synthetic processes are somehow complicated. Herein, we have explored the feasibility of synthesis of unconventional fluorescence soft materials from small organic molecules under mild conditions. A new blue‐fluorescent soft material with high quantum yield (89.6 %) and eutectic feature prepared by simple heat treatment of citric acid (CA) and cysteine (Cys) aqueous mixtures below 100 °C in air was reported. The as‐prepared fluorescent material has the features of facile preparation, low cost, scalable production and easy to process, making it suitable for applications like fluorescent labeling and light‐emitting devices. This new finding opens a new venue for the preparation of fluorescent soft materials.
Personalized blood flow computations: A hierarchical parameter estimation framework for tuning boundary conditions
Authors: Itu Lucian , Sharma Puneet , Suciu Constantin , Moldoveanu Florin , Comaniciu Dorin
Published: May 2016

We propose a hierarchical parameter estimation framework for performing patient‐specific hemodynamic computations in arterial models, which use structured tree boundary conditions. A calibration problem is formulated at each stage of the hierarchical framework, which seeks the fixed point solution of a nonlinear system of equations. Common hemodynamic properties, like resistance and compliance, are estimated at the first stage in order to match the objectives given by clinical measurements of pressure and/or flow rate. The second stage estimates the parameters of the structured trees so as to match the values of the hemodynamic properties determined at the first stage. A key feature of the proposed method is that to ensure a large range of variation, two different structured tree parameters are personalized for each hemodynamic property.

First, the second stage of the parameter estimation framework is evaluated based on the properties of the outlet boundary conditions in a full body arterial model: the calibration method converges for all structured trees in less than 10 iterations. Next, the proposed framework is successfully evaluated on a patient‐specific aortic model with coarctation: only six iterations are required for the computational model to be in close agreement with the clinical measurements used as objectives, and overall, there is a good agreement between the measured and computed quantities. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modulation of tumor eIF4E by antisense inhibition: A phase I/II translational clinical trial of ISIS 183750—an antisense oligonucleotide against eIF4E—in combination with irinotecan in solid tumors and irinotecan‐refractory colorectal cancer
Authors: Duffy A.G. , Makarova‐Rusher O.V. , Ulahannan S.V. , Rahma O.E. , Fioravanti S. , Walker M. , Abdullah S. , Raffeld M. , Anderson V. , Abi‐Jaoudeh N. , Levy E. , Wood B.J. , Lee S. , Tomita Y. , Trepel J.B. , Steinberg S.M. , Revenko A.S. , MacLeod A.R. , Peer C.J. , Figg W.D. , Greten T.F.
Published: May 2016

The eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) is a potent oncogene that is found to be dysregulated in 30% of human cancer, including colorectal carcinogenesis (CRC). ISIS 183750 is a second‐generation antisense oligonucleotide (ASO) designed to inhibit the production of the eIF4E protein. In preclinical studies we found that EIF4e ASOs reduced expression of EIF4e mRNA and inhibited proliferation of colorectal carcinoma cells. An additive antiproliferative effect was observed in combination with irinotecan. We then performed a clinical trial evaluating this combination in patients with refractory cancer. No dose‐limiting toxicities were seen but based on pharmacokinetic data and tolerability the dose of irinotecan was reduced to 160 mg/m2 biweekly. Efficacy was evaluated in 15 patients with irinotecan‐refractory colorectal cancer. The median time of disease control was 22.1 weeks. After ISIS 183750 treatment, peripheral blood levels of eIF4E mRNA were decreased in 13 of 19 patients. Matched pre‐ and posttreatment tumor biopsies showed decreased eIF4E mRNA levels in five of nine patients. In tumor tissue, the intracellular and stromal presence of ISIS 183750 was detected by IHC in all biopsied patients. Although there were no objective responses stable disease was seen in seven of 15 (47%) patients who were progressing before study entry, six of whom were stable at the time of the week 16 CT scan. We were also able to confirm through mandatory pre‐ and posttherapy tumor biopsies penetration of the ASO into the site of metastasis.
Central Hypoventilation in Progressive Supranuclear Palsy
Authors: Herrick Kory S. , Woltjer Randy , Pham Thao , Chalupsky Megan , Hiller Amie L.
Published: May 2016

Central hypoventilation, also known as Ondine's curse, results from an impairment of the autonomic respiratory drive. It is characterized by an attenuated or absent respiratory response to hypoxemia and hypercapnia with preservation of volitional respiratory function. R.J. was a 75‐year‐old woman with a diagnosis of probably PSP who developed central hypoventilation approximately 4 years after her initial onset of symptoms. Brain MRI showed no evidence of medullary lesions, one of the more common causes of adult‐onset central hypoventilation. The respiratory centers in the medulla, especially the ventral respiratory group (VRG) containing Botzinger and pre‐Botzinger complex of neurons, appear critical for normal respiratory rhythm generation. R.J. was maintained on a portable ventilator after her diagnosis of central hypoventilation. Ten months after being placed on ventilation, she passed of unclear causes. R.J. showed pathological features consistent with a diagnosis of PSP, specifically loss of neurons, secondary demyelination, and tau‐positive inclusions in both astrocytes and neurons, chiefly in the globus pallidus, midbrain, and brainstem. R.J. showed significant tauopathy in the region of the VRG in particular. We also examined this region in 16 other cases of PSP and found similar tauopathy in all but 1 case, which had significantly less involvement of this area. We had limited clinical data on these cases, but 1 had two episodes of unexplained hypoxia shortly before being placed on hospice. Central hypoventilation associated with tauopathy involving the VRG may be more common than often appreciated.
Size-selective fishing of Palaemon serratus (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) in Wales, UK: implications of sexual dimorphism and reproductive biology for fisheries management and conservation
Authors: Emmerson Jack A. , Haig Jodie A. , Robson Georgia , Hinz Hilmar , Le Vay Lewis , Kaiser Michel J.
Published: May 2016

The common prawn (Palaemon serratus) supports a small-scale but economically important seasonal static-gear fishery in Cardigan Bay, Wales (UK). Due to a lack of statutory obligation and scientific evidence, the fishery has operated to date without any harvest-control rules that afford protection from overfishing. In response to fluctuations in landings and in pursuit of increased economic returns for their catch, some members of the fishing industry have adopted a size-selective harvesting regime, which we evaluate here using baseline data. Monthly samples were obtained from fishers operating out of five ports between October 2013 and May 2015 (N = 4233). All prawn were sexed, weighed and measured, whilst the fecundity of females was estimated for 273 (44%) individuals. Peak spawning occurred during the spring and females were estimated to undergo a ‘puberty moult’ at a carapace length (CL) of 7.7 mm, whilst functional maturity was estimated at a CL of 9.9 mm. The sampled population exhibited sexual dimorphism, with females attaining a greater size than males. The current harvesting regime results in a sex bias in landings as even large mature males remained under the recruitment size to the fishery, unlike the large mature females. The temporal trend in sex-ratio indicates a continual decrease in the catchability of female prawn through the fishing season; however, whether this is caused by depletion via fishing mortality or migratory behaviour is yet to be resolved. Here, we provide a comprehensive baseline evaluation of population biology and discuss the implications of our findings for fisheries management.
THEHIPPIAS MINORAND THE TRADITIONS OF HOMERIC CRITICISM
Authors: Hunter Richard
Published: May 2016

Homer plays an important role in the discussion in theHippias Minorof voluntary and involuntary action and their relation to knowledge and goodness. This paper argues that theHippias Minorsheds light on the Homeric criticism of the late fifth and early fourth centuries, and that it looks forward to, and significantly influenced, the tradition of Hellenistic and later Homeric criticism, for which our best witnesses are the Homeric scholia. This article considers Socrates' presentation of Achilles and Odysseus in theHippias Minorand makes the case, more strongly than it has been made before, that this dialogue was an important influence on the later critical tradition.
Satellite Radar to Observe Earth’s Changing Surface
Authors: Farr Tom , Owen Susan , Rosen Paul
Published: May 2016

NASA-ISRO SAR Mission Science and Applications Workshops; Ahmedabad, India, 19–20 November 2015
A palladium-catalyzed intramolecular carbonylative annulation reaction for the synthesis of 4,5-fused tricyclic 2-quinolones
Authors: Zhang Xiwu , Liu Haichao , Jia Yanxing
Published: May 2016

A new method for the synthesis of 4,5-fused tricyclic 2-quinolones via a palladium-catalyzed intramolecular carbonylative annulation reaction is described.
Distance measurements between paramagnetic ligands bound to parallel stranded guanine quadruplexes
Authors: Donohue M. P. , Szalai V. A.
Published: May 2016

Double electron electron resonance utilizing a shaped pump pulse is used to measure end-stacked ligand separation on parallel-stranded guanine quadruplexes.
A novel method for metallic element analysis in particle samples using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy technique
Authors: Chen Chenghan , Shi Qi , Wang Shuai , Lin Qingyu , Duan Yixiang
Published: May 2016

A novel and simple experimental system was designed for real-time particle analysis using a laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) technique, which avoids time-consuming pretreatment processes and inherent difficulties such as particle splashing.
Photoluminescent polymer composites with R, G, B emission and their potential applications in LCD displays
Authors: Stan Corneliu S. , Horlescu Petronela , Popa Marcel , Coroaba Adina , Ursu Laura E.
Published: May 2016

Photoluminescent polymer composites with RGB emission were prepared, investigated and tested in a configuration which could replace the usual RGB filters in AMLCD displays.
Enhanced electrocatalytic activity and durability of highly monodisperse Pt@PPy–PANI nanocomposites as a novel catalyst for the electro-oxidation of methanol
Authors: Karatepe Özlem , Yıldız Yunus , Pamuk Handan , Eris Sinan , Dasdelen Zeynep , Sen Fatih
Published: May 2016

Highly monodisperse Pt NPs@PPy–PANI exhibits superior electrocatalytic activity and stability toward electro-oxidation of methanol as a new electrode material.
Molecular recognition of aromatic carboxylic acids by hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin: experimental and theoretical evidence
Authors: Terekhova Irina , Kumeev Roman , Alper Gennady , Chakraborty Sandipan , Pérez-Sánchez Horacio , Núñez-Delicado Estrella
Published: May 2016

Inclusion complex formation of hydroxypropyl-γ-cyclodextrin with benzoic, nicotinic and isomeric aminobenzoic acids in water was studied by calorimetry, 1H NMR, densimetry and molecular modeling.
1D nanorod-like porous carbon with simultaneous high energy and large power density as a supercapacitor electrode material
Authors: Tan Yanli , Gao Qiuming , Xu Jiandong , Li Zeyu
Published: May 2016

1D nanorod-like porous carbon material synthesized by pyrolysis of porous coordination polymer following with KOH activation exhibits long cyclic stability and simultaneous high energy and large power density in the 6 M KOH aqueous system.
Facile tailoring of the two-dimensional graphene oxide channels for gas separation
Authors: Shen Jie , Zhang Mengchen , Liu Gongping , Jin Wanqin
Published: May 2016

This work demonstrates a facile method of finely tailoring the graphene oxide (GO) nanochannels by controlling their surface oxygenated functionalities.
Dehydrochlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane over Ba-modified Al2O3 catalysts
Authors: Bai Shuxing , Dai Qiguang , Chu Xinxin , Wang Xingyi
Published: May 2016

The dehydrochlorination of VC to form ethyne occurs on strong acid sites. Decreasing strong acidic sites, Ba/Al2O3 present high VC selectivity and stability in the presence of O2.
Eu3+ local site analysis and emission characteristics of novel Nd2Zr2O7:Eu phosphor: insight into the effect of europium concentration on its photoluminescence properties
Authors: Gupta Santosh K. , Reghukumar C. , Kadam R. M.
Published: May 2016

New Color tunable Nd2Zr2O7:Eu3+ (0–5 mol%) phosphor was synthesized using gel-combustion and its photophysical characteristics such as energy transfer, point group symmetry and Judd–Ofelt parameter were investigated using time resolved photoluminescence.
Hybrid damping adaptive control scheme for grid‐connected inverters in a weak grid
Authors: Chen Xin , Wang Yuncheng , Zhang Yang , Chen Jie , Gong Chunying
Published: May 2016

The distributed generation system (DGS) located far away from load centres leads to the existence of long distance transmission lines and several transformer devices. Consequently, the equivalent impedance is introduced to a grid, which is called a weak grid and shows high impedance characteristic. A weak grid will affect the control loop stability of grid‐connected inverters in DGS. To study the effects of a weak grid, the small signal model of single‐phase LCL‐type grid‐connected inverters is first derived in this study. Then, the stability of grid‐connected inverters caused by the grid impedance is analysed. Second, two common control schemes of passive and active damping are further studied. Then, the effects of the grid impedance on the damping coefficients under different damping options are analysed in quantity. A novel hybrid‐damping control scheme is thereby proposed. Meanwhile, an adaptive control scheme of grid‐connected inverters based on the hybrid damping is introduced in combination with the grid impedance online measurement, which ensures the stable performance of grid‐connected inverters with different grid impedances. Finally, a prototype is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed adaptive control scheme.
Multifunctionality of hand gestures and material conduct during closing argument
Authors: Matoesian Gregory , Gilbert Kristin
Published: May 2016

Closing argument represents the most crucial part of the adversarial system of justice. For attorneys, it provides an opportunity to showcase their persuasive skills through the full range of semiotic resources at their disposal. While studies of legal discourse have examined speech performance, few studies, if any, have analyzed how speech integrates with gesture and material conduct in the production of persuasive oratory. This work demonstrates the role of multimodal and material action in concert with speech and how an attorney employs hand movements, material objects, and speech to reinforce significant points of evidence for the jury. More theoretically, we demonstrate how beat gestures and material objects synchronize with speech to not only accentuate rhythm and foreground points of evidential significance but, at certain moments, invoke semantic imagery as well.
Children’s Spanish subject pronoun expression
Authors: Shin Naomi
Published: May 2016

This study explores children’s acquisition of structured morphosyntactic variation by examining Spanish subject pronoun expression. Analyses of 5,923 verbs produced by 154 Mexican children, ages 6 to 16, show that the variables that most strongly constrain the oldest children’s pronoun usage – Person, Reference, Priming – are acquired first during childhood. These variables exert similar effects across age, with the exception of second-person singular, which favors tú expression among younger children and tú omission among older children. The developmental trajectory from more to less tú expression is explained as the result of (a) increasing production of nonspecific reference, which in turn decreases rates of tú, and (b) abundant reported speech in the younger children’s data, which rendered tú expression pragmatically appropriate.
“Trabajar es en español, en ladino es lavorar”
Authors: Romero Rey
Published: May 2016

This study analyzes lexical accommodation in Judeo-Spanish (JS) to model Peninsular and Latin American (PLA) Spanish varieties. Data were obtained through sociolinguistic interviews, including an oral translation task, conducted in Istanbul, the Prince Islands, and New York City. Although accommodation appears higher in those lexical items that involve phonological adaptation, such as changing a JS palatal to a PLA velar ([mu.ˈʒer] → [mu.ˈxer]), accommodation by lemma replacement is also a widely-used strategy (JS merkar → PLA comprar). Most of these lemmas appear in all three communities, and a statistical analysis demonstrated that accommodation is higher among speakers 60 years of age and younger. Also, New York City presents the highest percentages of accommodation, probably due to constant contact with other Hispanic and PLA Spanish-speaking populations in the United States. Additional sources and motivations for accommodation include having relatives in Spanish-speaking areas, language attitudes, and professional marketability in a globalized economy.
Refining the understanding of novel metaphor in specialised language discourse
Authors: Ureña Gómez-Moreno José Manuel
Published: May 2016

Novel metaphorical expressions are understudied in traditional approaches to terminology because they behave as sporadic units incapable of structuring whole discourse events. To show that this assumption is wrong, this paper presents a case study of novel bioeconomics metaphors in an academic marine biology research article (Landa 1998). They were analysed following the Career of Metaphor Theory (Bowdle and Gentner 2005), a framework for the description of novel metaphor in usage, and the text-linguistics approach to term description (Collet 2004), which suggests criteria for term definition that challenge the tenets of monolithic terminology models. The analysis of unexpected metaphors identified in the text suggests that these units should be considered proto-terms experienced as deliberate rhetoricalandconceptual devices. Pragmatically speaking, the metaphors are part and parcel of the writer’s discursive strategy to communicate specialised knowledge to her peers. Conceptually speaking, the metaphors are essential building blocks of the article’s mental model.
Opposite relationships in terminology
Authors: Gagné Anne-Marie , L'Homme Marie-Claude
Published: May 2016

This article studies a family of semantic relationships that is often ignored in terminological descriptions, i.e. opposite relationships that include, but are not limited to, antonymy. We analyze English and French terms classified in an environmental database as opposites (Eng.polluting;green,afforestation;deforestation; Fr.réchauffer;refroidir,atténuation;intensification) and revise this first classification based on typologies and criteria supplied by literature on lexical semantics, psycholinguistics and corpus linguistics. Our revised classification shows that diversified opposite relationships can be observed between terms. They also appear to display the same complexity as in general language. Finally, in some cases, the nature of concepts in the specific subject field must be taken into consideration.
Evaluation of the Role of Umbilical Cord Serum and Autologous Serum Therapy in Reepithelialization After Keratoplasty: A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Authors: Kamble Neha , Sharma Namrata , Maharana Prafulla K. , Bandivadekar Pooja , Nagpal Ritu , Agarwal Tushar , Velpandian Thirumurthy , Mittal Suneeta , Vajpayee Rasik B.
Published: May 2016

Purpose:

To evaluate the role of umbilical cord serum (UCS) and autologous serum (AS) therapy in reepithelialization of corneal graft after keratoplasty in a randomized controlled trial.

Methods:

A total of 105 eyes with epithelial defect (ED) after keratoplasty (penetrating keratoplasty—67 and anterior lamellar keratoplasty—38) on the first postoperative day were included in the study. The eyes were randomized into three groups: UCS (n=35), AS (n=35), and artificial tears (AT) (n=35). All patients received standard postoperative medical therapy. The primary outcome measure was time to epithelialization, and secondary outcome measures were best-corrected visual acuity and graft clarity.

Results:

The ED healed completely in 103 eyes. The mean time for complete reepithelialization was 2.5±2.1, 3.1±2.2, and 4.5±1.4 days in UCS, AS, and AT groups, respectively. The mean percentage decrease in the size of the ED was significantly better in the UCS and AS groups as compared with the AT group (P=0.001). The rate of reepithelialization was comparable between the AS and UCS groups (P=0.3). On bivariate analysis, significant correlation was found between the mean size of postoperative ED, grade of the donor cornea (P=0.001), and the presence of preoperative ED (P=0.001). No complications were associated with the use of serum therapy.

Conclusion:

Most of the cases of postkeratoplasty corneal ED can be managed with AT only. The serum therapy (AS/UCS) helps in the faster reepithelialization of postkeratoplasty ED as compared with AT and may be considered as a treatment option for early epithelial healing.
Prevalence of De Novo Aortic Valve Insufficiency in Patients After HeartWare VAD Implantation with an Intermittent Low-Speed Algorithm
Authors: Saeed Diyar , Westenfeld Ralf , Maxhera Bujar , Keymel Stefanie , Sherif Ahmed , Sadat Najla , Petrov GeorGI , Albert Alexander , Lichtenberg Artur
Published: May 2016

De novo aortic valve insufficiency (AI) is a frequent occurrence in patients supported with left ventricular assist device (LVAD). The European version of the HeartWare LVAD has intermittent low-speed software (lavare cycle) to facilitate intermittent aortic valve opening. We examined aortic valve opening status and prevalence of AI in patients supported with HeartWare LVAD and activated lavare cycle. HeartWare LVAD patients were prospectively monitored using serial echocardiograms at different time points after the LVAD implantation. Inclusion criteria were patients with no > mild AI and/or no aortic valve surgery at the time of LVAD implantation and at least 60 days of support. Three of 37 patients had aortic valve surgery and were excluded from the analysis. A total of 34 patients with mean age of 57 ± 12 years met the inclusion criteria. After median support duration of 408 days (77–1250 days), eight patients had trace/mild AI (24%) and one patient developed moderate AI (3%). An average pump flow, speed, and mean arterial pressure of 4.4 ± 0.6 L/min, 2,585 ± 147 rpm, and 88 ± 11 mmHg were documented, respectively. Aortic valve opening was persistently seen in 22 patients (65%). Aortic valve opening is frequent, and the development of > mild AI seems to be rare in patients supported with HeartWare LVAD.
Establishment and stability of the latent HIV-1 DNA reservoir
Authors: Brodin Johanna , Zanini Fabio , Thebo Lina , Lanz Christa , Bratt Goran , Neher Richard , Albert Jan
Published: May 2016

HIV-1 infection currently cannot be cured because the virus persists as integrated proviral DNA in long-lived cells despite years of suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). To characterize establishment, turnover, and evolution of viral DNA reservoirs we deep-sequenced the p17gag region of the HIV-1 genome from samples obtained after 3-18 years of suppressive ART from 10 patients. For each of these patients, whole genome deep-sequencing data of HIV-1 RNA populations before onset of ART were available from 6-12 longitudinal plasma samples spanning 5-8 years of untreated infection. This enabled a detailed analysis of the dynamics and origin of proviral DNA during ART. A median of 14% (range 0-42%) of the p17gag DNA sequences were overtly defective due to G-to-A hypermutation. The remaining sequences were remarkably similar to previously observed RNA sequences and showed no evidence of evolution over many years of suppressive ART. Most sequences from the DNA reservoirs were very similar to viruses actively replicating in plasma (RNA sequences) shortly before start of ART. The results do not support persistent HIV-1 replication as a mechanism to maintain the HIV-1 reservoir during suppressive therapy. Rather, the data indicate that viral DNA variants are turning over as long as patients are untreated and that suppressive ART halts this turnover.
The effect of workplace incivility on service employee creativity: the mediating role of emotional exhaustion and intrinsic motivation
Authors: Hur Won-Moo , Moon Taewon , Jun Jea-Kyoon
Published: May 2016

Purpose

This study aims to examine how workplace incivility (i.e. coworker and customer incivility) affects service employees’ creativity, specifically the way emotional exhaustion at work decreases their intrinsic motivation, and, in turn, damages service employees’ creativity. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to show the mechanism by which both coworker and customer incivility at work affects service employee creativity.

Design/methodology/approach

Service employees from a hotel in South Korea were surveyed using a self-administered instrument for data collection. Out of 450 questionnaires, a total of 281 usable questionnaires were obtained after list-wise deletion, for a 62.4 per cent response rate. Structural equation modeling analysis provided support for the hypotheses.

Findings

The results indicate a serial multiple mediator model in which both coworker and customer incivility increase service employees’ emotional exhaustion, which, in turn, reduces their intrinsic motivation at work and ultimately decreases their creativity. That is, the findings of this study reveal a negative relationship between workplace incivility (i.e. coworker and customer incivility) and service employees’ creativity that is fully and sequentially mediated by the service employees’ emotional exhaustion and intrinsic motivation.

Research limitations/implications

The use of cross-sectional self-reports potentially raises concerns about common method bias. Caution is recommended in reaching conclusions concerning the causal relationships between the variables, as the current study did not capture causality variation. For instance, it may be that emotional exhaustion from incivility gradually compounds over time, leading to a greater negative impact on service employees. In contrast, employees may develop strategies to cope with uncivil behavior over time, which attenuates the negative effects on service employees as time passes. A longitudinal design might offer an alternative to overcome this limitation in future research.

Practical implications

Considering the findings about the mediating effect of emotional exhaustion between workplace incivility and employee outcomes (i.e. intrinsic motivation and creativity), firms should consider establishing systematic institutional practices and policies to prevent employees from feeling emotionally exhausted from workplace incivility. Executive and senior management teams would benefit by instituting strict policies and regulations which nurture desirable behaviors among organizational members that protect victims of workplace incivility.

Originality/value

This study is the first to examine the relationship between workplace incivility and creativity. Moreover, the present study attempts to develop an understanding of the underlying mechanism through which both coworker and customer incivility negatively affect service employees’ creativity.
How does customer orientation influence authentic emotional display?
Authors: Huang Yu-Shan (Sandy) , Brown Tom J.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

The purpose of this paper is to examine how customer orientation affects frontline service workers’ deep acting and to what extent the effect is moderated by the severity of dysfunctional customer behavior (DCB). Service organizations usually want their employees to demonstrate sincere emotions during customer encounters.

Design/methodology/approach

The study employed a mixed method design using measured variables (e.g. customer orientation) and a scenario-based manipulated variable (i.e. DCB severity). Data from 237 service workers were used to investigate the theoretical model.

Findings

Results showed that perspective taking and emotional sensitivity mediate the positive effect of customer orientation on deep acting. Furthermore, the influence of emotional sensitivity on deep acting is positive when DCB is less severe, but becomes non-significant when DCB becomes severe.

Research limitations/implications

Because the DCB severity is manipulated as a single event, future research can examine its influence based on employees’ experiences. Also, future studies may investigate other mechanisms to explain customer orientation’s effects on deep acting.

Practical implications

This paper provides service organizations an understanding of the key roles of emotional sensitivity and perspective taking in driving deep acting as well as the importance of monitoring DCB severity.

Originality/value

The study is one of the first in marketing to examine the different influences of DCB severity on important employee outcomes. This study also identifies two important mediators to explain how customer orientation drives deep acting.
Determinants of customer price sensitivity: an empirical analysis
Authors: Dominique-Ferreira Sérgio , Vasconcelos Helder , Proença João F.
Published: May 2016

Purpose

Consumer price sensitivity has become a major issue over the past few decades. This paper aims to investigate the importance that insurance customers give to premiums, insurers, intermediary recommendations and bundling strategies. The relationship between attributes and consumer price sensitivity is also studied.

Design/methodology/approach

To calculate the importance of attributes and part-worth utilities, a Conjoint Analysis with Full Profile was performed. To segment the market, a two-stage cluster analysis was performed. The traditional formula for estimating price elasticity of demand was also used.

Findings

Price sensitivity is affected by the level of purchase involvement, bundled discounts and brand loyalty. Also, brand loyalty has a strong influence on customer acceptance of bundled discounts. Price bundling increases a firm’s revenues and profits.

Research limitations/implications

The size of the sample of the second stage of the research could be higher.

It would also be interesting to have the collaboration of an actuary to carry out more precise analysis of premium estimation of bundling strategies and to study the ideal number of products that would compose the bundling strategy. Moreover, it could be relevant to consider life insurance products as part of the bundling strategy. It would also be interesting to study whether there is any benefit in applying the bundle discount to the anchor product instead of applying it to the accessory product.

Practical implications

Insurers and intermediaries can benefit from price bundling strategies to increase sales and profit.

Originality/value

The study contributes to the service marketing literature and marketing of the insurance sector by providing empirical evidence of the impact of price bundling on insurance customer sensitivity, with the use of a methodological and experimental approach.
Timing of earnings restatements: CEO equity compensation and market reaction
Authors: BenYoussef Nourhene , Khan Saqib
Published: May 2016

This study investigates the impact of chief executive officers’ (CEO) compensation on their choices regarding the timing of earnings restatements. The results indicate a negative relationship between options exercised and lags in disclosing the restated earnings, suggesting that managers who exercise options in a given year tend to release information quickly. This effect is more pronounced if the options are exercised after the dark period. We also find that the market penalises longer lags in the restatement disclosure. It seems that the CEO would try to optimise the timing of information release so as to balance the costs and benefits.
A novel molecular disease classifier for psoriasis and eczema
Authors: Garzorz‐Stark Natalie , Krause Linda , Lauffer Felix , Atenhan Anne , Thomas Jenny , Stark Sebastian P. , Franz Regina , Weidinger Stephan , Balato Anna , Mueller Nikola S. , Theis Fabian J. , Ring Johannes , Schmidt‐Weber Carsten B. , Biedermann Tilo , Eyerich Stefanie , Eyerich Kilian
Published: May 2016

Novel specific therapies for psoriasis and eczema have been developed, and they mark a new era in the treatment of these complex inflammatory skin diseases. However, within their broad clinical spectrum, psoriasis and eczema phenotypes overlap making an accurate diagnosis impossible in special cases, not to speak about predicting the clinical outcome of an individual patient. Here, we present a novel robust molecular classifier (MC) consisting of NOS2 and CCL27 gene that diagnosed psoriasis and eczema with a sensitivity and specificity of >95% in a cohort of 129 patients suffering from (i) classical forms; (ii) subtypes; and (iii) clinically and histologically indistinct variants of psoriasis and eczema. NOS2 and CCL27 correlated with clinical and histological hallmarks of psoriasis and eczema in a mutually antagonistic way, thus highlighting their biological relevance. In line with this, the MC could be transferred to the level of immunofluorescence stainings for iNOS and CCL27 protein on paraffin‐embedded sections, where patients were diagnosed with sensitivity and specificity >88%. Our MC proved superiority over current gold standard methods to distinguish psoriasis and eczema and may therefore build the basis for molecular diagnosis of chronic inflammatory skin diseases required to establish personalized medicine in the field.
Combined Effect of Drought Stress and Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on the Yield Parameters and Water Use Properties of Winter Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Genotypes
Authors: Varga B. , Vida G. , Varga‐László E. , Hoffmann B. , Veisz O.
Published: May 2016

The decline in the amount of water available to plants will lend growing importance to the dynamics of water uptake and to water use efficiency (WUE; g kg−1) in cereals. Water use properties were investigated in terms of the phenological and yield parameters of five winter wheat genotypes in a greenhouse experiment carried out in climate‐controlled chambers. The plants were grown either with optimum water supplies or with simulated drought in two phenophases, combined with different CO2 concentrations (ambient and enriched to 700 and 1000 ppm). Multivariate analysis showed that the CO2 concentration alone significantly influenced water use and water use efficiency but in combination with the cultivars, it also had a significant influence on the grain yield and in a combination with the water supply on the straw biomass, respectively. Higher CO2 concentration significantly reduced the water uptake and improved the WUE values in both the drought treatments. All three factors investigated were found to have a significant influence on the water consumption during the growing season, and the interaction between CO2 and the cultivar influenced WUE. The least change in WUE was detected for Bánkúti 1201 (1.35–1.86 g kg−1), while Mv Mambó, Plainsman V and Mv Toborzó formed a group responding similarly to various environmental effects (1.85–2.55 g kg−1; 1.57–2.34 g kg−1 and 1.45–2.24 g kg−1, respectively).
TaZAT8, a C2H2‐ZFP type transcription factor gene in wheat, plays critical roles in mediating tolerance to Pi deprivation through regulating P acquisition, ROS homeostasis and root system establishment
Authors: Ding Weiwei , Wang Yanxia , Fang Weibo , Gao Si , Li Xiaojuan , Xiao Kai
Published: May 2016

Transcription factors (TFs) play critical roles in mediating defense of plants to abiotic stresses through regulating downstream defensive genes. In this study, a wheat C2H2‐ZFP (zinc finger protein) type TF gene designated as TaZAT8 was functionally characterized in mediating tolerance to the inorganic phosphate (Pi)‐starvation stress. TaZAT8 bears conserved motifs harboring in the C2H2‐ZFP type counterparts across vascular plant species. The expression of TaZAT8 was shown to be induced in roots upon Pi deprivation, with a Pi concentration‐ and temporal‐dependent manner. Overexpression of TaZAT8 in tobacco conferred plants improved tolerance to Pi deprivation; the transgenic lines exhibited enlarged phenotype and elevated biomass and phosphorus (P) accumulation relative to wild‐type (WT) after Pi‐starvation treatment. NtPT1 and NtPT2, the tobacco phosphate transporter (PT) genes, showed increased transcripts in the Pi‐deprived transgenic lines, indicative of their transcriptional regulation by TaZAT8. Overexpression analysis of these PT genes validated their function in mediating Pi acquisition under the Pi deprivation conditions. Additionally, the TaZAT8‐overexpressing lines also behaved enhanced antioxidant enzyme (AE) activities and enlarged root system architecture (RSA) with respect to WT. Evaluation of the transcript abundance of tobacco genes encoding AE and PIN proteins, including NtMnSOD1, NtSOD1, NtPOD1;2, NtPOD1;5, NtPOD1;6, and NtPOD1;9, and NtPIN1 and NtPIN4 are upregulated in the TaZAT8‐overexpressing lines. Overexpression of NtPIN1 and NtPIN4 conferred plants to enlarged RSA and elevated biomass under the Pi‐starvation stress conditions. Our investigation provides insights into plant adaptation to the Pi‐starvation stress mediated by distinct ZFP TFs through modulation of Pi acquisition and cellular ROS detoxicity.
Exchange Rate Flexibility and the Effect of Remittances on Economic Growth
Authors: Lartey Emmanuel K. K.
Published: May 2016

This paper studies the question of whether exchange rate policy affects the impact of remittances on economic growth in recipient countries. The findings indicate that more flexible exchange rate regimes are associated with a greater increase in economic growth following an increase in remittances, but also that the impact of remittances on growth is positive under a fixed regime. The results further show that the effect of remittances under a fixed exchange rate regime is positive in less financially developed countries as well, but do not provide conclusive evidence that this effect varies inversely with exchange rate flexibility in such economies as theorized; the results being sensitive to the choice of financial development indicator.