bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emprego dos métodos expeditos de Chow Gumbel e Bell para formulação de equações de chuvas intensas – uma avaliação de desempenho
Authors: Almeida Karinnie Nascimento de , Tosta dos Reis José Antonio , Ferreira Mendonça Antônio Sergio
Published: February 2017

O adequado dimensionamento de estruturas de micro e macrodrenagem usualmente depende de vazões estimadas com auxílio de equações de chuvas intensas. Séries históricas de precipitações longas e representativas, obtidas através de pluviógrafos, permitem a conformação de equações que relacionem intensidade, duração e frequência de precipitações. Entretanto, em muitas regiões brasileiras não existem pluviógrafos em operação, ou as séries históricas de registros pluviográficos disponíveis são substancialmente mais curtas e menos confiáveis do que aquelas estabelecidas por pluviômetros. Neste contexto, recorrentemente são empregados métodos expeditos para obtenção de equações de chuvas intensas a partir de registros pluviométricos. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho dos métodos expeditos de Chow-Gumbel e de Bell, quando da conformação de equações de chuvas intensas a partir de coeficientes de desagregação disponíveis na literatura técnica corrente. O teste F de variâncias, assumindo-se nível de significância de 95%, foi empregado para comparar as respostas das equações de chuvas intensas produzidas pelos métodos expeditos com as respostas de equações de chuvas intensas estabelecidas a partir de registros pluviográficos. Como referência para a análise, foram consideradas equações de chuvas intensas disponíveis para o estado do Paraná. Os resultados indicaram que, para períodos de retorno superiores a 10 anos e durações superiores a 30 minutos, as equações de chuvas intensas determinadas pelos métodos expeditos produzem intensidades equivalentes àquelas determinadas por registros pluviográficos.
Connectivity by geodesics on globally hyperbolic spacetimes with a lightlike Killing vector field
Authors: Bartolo Rossella , Candela Anna Maria , Flores Dorado José Luis
Published: February 2017

Taking a globally hyperbolic spacetime endowed with a complete lightlike Killing vector field and a complete Cauchy hypersurface, we characterize the points which can be connected by geodesics. A straightforward consequence is the geodesic connectedness of globally hyperbolic generalized plane waves with a complete Cauchy hypersurface.
Twists of non-hyperelliptic curves
Authors: Lorenzo García Elisa
Published: February 2017

In this paper we present a method for computing the set of twists of a non-singular projective curve defined over an arbitrary (perfect) field

k

. The method is based on a correspondence between twists and solutions to a Galois embedding problem. When in addition, this curve is non-hyperelliptic we show how to compute equations for the twists. If

k=\mathbb{F}_q

the method then becomes an algorithm, since in this case, it is known how to solve the Galois embedding problems that appear. As an example we compute the set of twists of the non-hyperelliptic genus 6 curve

x^7-y^3-1=0

when we consider it defined over a number field such that

[k(\zeta_{21}):k]=12

. For each twist equations are exhibited.
Continuity of the isoperimetric profile of a complete Riemannian manifold under sectional curvature conditions
Authors: Ritoré Manuel
Published: February 2017

Let

M

be a complete Riemannian manifold possessing a strictly convex Lipschitz continuous exhaustion function. We show that the isoperimetric profile of

M

is a continuous and non-decreasing function. Particular cases are Hadamard manifolds and complete non-compact manifolds with strictly positive sectional curvatures.
Multi-parameter singular integral operators and representation theorem
Authors: Ou Yumeng
Published: February 2017

We formulate a class of singular integral operators in arbitrarily many parameters using mixed type characterizing conditions. The main result we prove for this class of operators is a multi-parameter representation theorem stating that a generic operator in our class can be represented as an average of sums of dyadic shifts, which implies a new multi-parameter

T

1 theorem as a byproduct. This extends the representation principles of Hytönen’s and Martikainen’s to the multi-parameter setting. Furthermore, equivalence between ours and Journé’s class of multi-parameter operators is established, whose proof requires the multiparameter

T

1 theorem.
Harmonic measure and approximation of uniformly rectifiable sets
Authors: Bortz Simon , Hofmann Steve
Published: February 2017

Let

E \subset \mathbb R^{n+1}

,

n \ge 1

, be a uniformly rectifiable set of dimension

n

. We show

E

that has big pieces of boundaries of a class of domains which satisfy a 2-sided corkscrew condition, and whose connected components are all chord-arc domains (with uniform control of the various constants). As a consequence, we deduce that

E

has big pieces of sets for which harmonic measure belongs to weak-

A_\infty

.
Erratum to “A geometric criterion for the finite generation of the Cox rings of projective surfaces”
Authors: De La Rosa Navarro Brenda Leticia , Frías Medina Juan Bosco , Lahyane Mustapha , Moreno Mejía Israel , Osuna Castro Osvaldo
Published: February 2017

We add a reasonable hypothesis in Theorem 1 in Rev. Mat. Iberoam. 31 (2015) no. 4, 1131–1140, in order to make it correct.
Variabilité et changement climatique en France de 1951 à 2010 : analyse au moyen de la classification de Köppen et des « types de climats annuels »
Authors: Eveno Maëlle , Planchon Olivier , Oszwald Johan , Dubreuil Vincent , Quénol Hervé
Published: February 2017

Le contexte actuel de changement climatique global soulève de nombreuses questions quant à l’évolution des climats aux échelles régionales et locales. La littérature scientifique, de plus en plus riche à ce sujet, mérite d’être approfondie. La méthode des « Types de Climats Annuels » (TCA) a été utilisée, selon la classification climatique de Köppen, afin d’analyser la variabilité spatio-temporelle du climat en France. À l’échelle régionale, les fréquences d’apparition des TCA ont été étudiées pour 110 stations, pour la période 1951-2010 et pour les deux sous-périodes 1951-1980 et 1981-2010. Les résultats font ressortir : (1) l’influence de la latitude, de la continentalité et du relief sur la répartition spatiale des TCA sur l’ensemble de la période (1951-2010); (2) l’augmentation des fréquences d’apparition des « nouveaux TCA » à été chaud (typesCsaetCfa) à partir des années 1980, notamment dans le Sud de la France. Ces nouveaux TCA soulignent à leur tour certains contrastes régionaux.
Comparison of the effects of sternal and tibial intraosseous administered resuscitative drugs on return of spontaneous circulation in a swine model of cardiac arrest
Authors: O'Sullivan, MS3 Mara , Long Audrey , Johnson, DNP, CRNA Michelle , Blouin, BS Dawn , Johnson, PhD Arthur D. , Burgert, DNAP, CRNA James M.
Published: February 2017

Objective: Compare vasopressin, amiodarone, and epinephrine administration by sternal intraosseous (SIO), tibial intraosseous (TIO), and intravenous (IV) routes in a swine model of cardiac arrest.Design: Prospective, randomized, between subjects, experimental design.Setting: Laboratory.Subjects: Male Yorkshire-cross swine (N = 35), seven per group.Intervention: Swine were randomized to SIO, TIO, IV, cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with defibrillation, or CPR-only groups. Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced under general anesthesia. Mechanical CPR began 2 minutes postarrest. Vasopressin (40 U) was administered to the SIO, TIO, and IV groups 4 minutes postarrest. Defibrillation was performed and amiodarone (300 mg) was administered 6 minutes postarrest. Defibrillation was repeated, and epinephrine (1 mg) was administered 10 minutes postarrest. Defibrillation was repeated every 2 minutes and epinephrine repeated every 4 minutes until return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) or 26 postarrest minutes elapsed.Main Outcome Measures: Rate of ROSC, time to ROSC, and odds of ROSC.Results: There were no significant differences in rate of ROSC between the SIO and TIO (p = 0.22) or IV groups (p = 1.0). Time to ROSC was five times less in the SIO group than the TIO group (p = 0.003) but not compared to IV (p = 0.125). Time to ROSC in the IV group was significantly less than the TIO group (p = 0.04). Odds of ROSC for the SIO group were five times higher compared to the TIO group but same as IV. Odds of ROSC in the IV group were higher than the TIO group.Conclusion: There was a statistically significant delay in the time to ROSC and a clinically significant difference in odds of ROSC when resuscitative drugs, including lipophilic amiodarone, were administered by the TIO route compared to the SIO and IV routes in a swine model of sudden cardiac arrest. Further investigations are warranted to isolate the mechanism behind these findings.
Summer ozone in the Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area:
Weekend-weekday effects, temperature dependences and the
impact of drought
Authors: Abeleira Andrew A. , Farmer Delphine K.
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Contrary to most regions in the U.S., ozone in the Northern Front Range Metropolitan Area (NFRMA) of Colorado was either stagnant or increasing between 2000 and 2015, despite substantial reductions in NOx emissions. We used available long-term ozone and NOx data in the NFRMA to investigate these trends. Ozone increased from weekdays to weekends for a number of sites in the NFRMA with weekend reductions in NO2 at two sites in downtown Denver, indicating that the region was in a NOx-saturated ozone production regime. The stagnation and increases in ozone in the NFRMA are likely the result of (1) decreasing NOx emissions in a NOx-saturated environment, and (2) increased anthropogenic VOC emissions in the NFRMA. Further investigation of the weekday-weekend effect showed that the region outside of the most heavily trafficked Denver area was transitioning to peak ozone production towards NOx-limited chemistry. This transition implies that continued NOx decreases will result in ozone being less sensitive to changes in either anthropogenic or biogenic VOC reactivity in the NFRMA. Biogenic VOCs are unlikely to have increased in the NFRMA between 2000 and 2015, but are temperature dependent and likely vary by drought year. Ozone in the NFRMA has a temperature dependence, consistent with biogenic VOC contributions to ozone production in the region. We show that while ozone increased with temperature in the NFRMA, which is consistent with a NOx-saturated regime, this relationship is suppressed in drought years. We attribute this drought year suppression to decreased biogenic isoprene emissions due to long-term drought stress.
Changes in the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic meridional heat transport in a RCP 8.5 climate projection in MPI-ESM
Authors: Fischer Matthias , Domeisen Daniela I. V. , Müller Wolfgang A. , Baehr Johanna
Published: February 2017

Abstract. We investigate changes in the seasonal cycle of the Atlantic Ocean meridional heat transport (OHT) in a climate projection experiment with the Max Planck Institute Earth System Model (MPI-ESM) performed for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5). Specifically, we compare a Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) RCP 8.5 climate change scenario, covering the simulation period from 2005 to 2300, to a historical simulation, covering the simulation period from 1850 to 2005. In RCP 8.5, the OHT declines by 30–50 % in comparison to the historical simulation in the North Atlantic by the end of the 23rd century. The decline in the OHT is accompanied by a change in the seasonal cycle of the total OHT and its components. We decompose the OHT into overturning and gyre component. For the OHT seasonal cycle, we find a northward shift of 5° and latitude-dependent shifts between 1 and 6 months that are mainly associated with changes in the meridional velocity field. We find that the changes in the OHT seasonal cycle predominantly result from changes in the wind-driven surface circulation, which projects onto the overturning component of the OHT in the tropical and subtropical North Atlantic. This leads in turn to latitude-dependent shifts between 1 and 6 months in the overturning component. In comparison to the historical simulation, in the subpolar North Atlantic, in RCP 8.5 we find a reduction of the North Atlantic Deep Water formation and changes in the gyre heat transport result in a strongly weakened seasonal cycle with a weakened amplitude by the end of the 23rd century.
Wind Reconstruction Algorithm for Viking Lander 1
Authors: Kynkäänniemi Tuomas , Kemppinen Osku , Harri Ari-Matti , Schmidt Walter
Published: February 2017

Abstract. The wind measurement sensors of Viking Lander 1 (VL1) were only fully operational for the initial phase of the mission. We have developed an algorithm for reconstructing the wind measurement data after the wind measurement sensor failures. The algorithm for wind reconstruction enables the processing of wind data during the complete VL1 mission. The heater element of the quadrant sensor, which provided auxiliary measurement for wind direction, failed during the 45th sol of the VL1 mission. Additionally, one of the wind sensors of VL1 broke down during the sol 378. Regardless of the failures, it was still possible to reconstruct the wind measurement data, because the failed components of the sensors did not prevent the determination of the wind direction and speed, as some of the components of the wind measurement setup remained intact for the complete mission. This article concentrates on presenting the wind reconstruction algorithm and methods for validating the operation of the algorithm. The algorithm enables the reconstruction of wind measurements for the complete VL1 mission. The amount of available sols is extended from 350 to 2245 sols.
Measuring and Characterizing Community Recovery to Earthquake: the Case of
2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, China
Authors: Liu Jie , Shi Zhenwu , Lu Di , Wang Yongliang
Published: February 2017

Abstract. Our world is prone to more frequent, deadly and costly earthquake disasters, which are increasingly uncertain and complex due to the rapid environmental and socio-economic changes occurring at multiple scales. There is an urgent need to recover rapidly and effectively for community after earthquake disasters. To enhance community recovery, it is necessary to have a good initial understanding of what it is, its determinants and how it can be measured, maintained and improved. So this article proposes the concept of community recovery as the capacity to recover and rebuild after the earthquake disasters by considering the original perspective of recovery. And we develop a new quantitative approach to measure community recovery to earthquake from four dimensions (population, economic, building, and infrastructure) by extending the concepts of recovery triangle. Taking the community of Wenchuan as the example to test our mathematical model and compare different recovery levels of four dimensions under the situation of Wenchuan Earthquake, the results can help the policy makers identify the low-recovery dimensions of Wenchuan to enhance post-disaster recovery and reconstruction efforts, and address the vital importance of local government in improving the post-disaster recovery.
PSICOTRÓPICOS: PERFIL DE PRESCRIÇÕES DE BENZODIAZEPÍNICOS, ANTIDEPRESSIVOS E ANOREXÍGENOS A PARTIR DE UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Magalhaes Camelo Antonio Edson , Nascimento Dinelly Caroline Matias , Silva Oliveira Maria Auxiliadora
Published: February 2017

Objetivou-se traçar um perfil das prescrições de medicamentos psicotrópicos (anorexígenos, antidepressivos e benzodiazepínicos) a partir de revisão. Para isso foi realizado uma pesquisa de natureza bibliográfica, descritiva, retrospectiva utilizando como base de dados bibliotecas virtuais LILACS, BIREME, Scientific Library on Line (SciELO), Google, além dos documentos, artigo e dados publicados pelo Ministerio da Saúde e ANVISA. Os resultados encontrados foram: os anorexígenos mais prescritos anfepramona e femproporex com 90,90% e 100% dos artigos analisados, respectivamente. Com relação ao gênero dos usuários de anorexígenos, as mulheres foram mais citadas. Entre os benzodiazepínicos o diazepam liderou nas prescrições. Em relação aos antidepressivos foi constatado um maior consumo da fluoxetina, seguido pelos antidepressivos tricíclicos como a amitriptilina.
SUBSTÂNCIAS ATIVAS DO ALISAMENTO CAPILAR E SEUS MECANISMOS DE AÇÃO
Authors: Ferreira Lilian Abreu , Braga Danielly Caixeta
Published: February 2017

O córtex é a região intermediária do fio capilar onde é possível modificar a forma do cabelo. Nesta região encontramos as ligações de dissulfeto, as ligações iônicas e as de hidrogênio. Essas ligações, ao sofrerem uma mudança em sua conformação, proporcionam a modificação necessária para o alisamento capilar. Atualmente existem duas categorias de alisamento, o temporário, no qual o agente primário necessário é a água e o calor, e o alisamento permanente, onde são usados ativos alisantes altamente alcalinos (pH > 9,0) e diferentes mecanismos de ação para modificar a forma do cabelo. Devido à gama de produtos contendo esses ativos alisantes existentes no mercado e à velocidade com que são lançados novos outros pela indústria cosmética, torna-se importante conhecer esses ativos, bem como seus mecanismos de ação. Esse conhecimento contribui na segurança e eficácia dos produtos, além de evitar o uso indiscriminado de substâncias não autorizadas pelo órgão sanitário, visto que alguns ativos alisantes podem oferecer mais riscos à saúde e danos aos fios que outros.
A PARTICIPAÇÃO DO PAI NO PROCESSO DE AMAMENTAÇÃO
Authors: Lima Janete Pereira , Cazola Luiza Helena De Oliveira , Pícoli Renata Palópoli
Published: February 2017

Este estudo objetivou identificar a participação do pai no processo de amamentação em uma maternidade estadual da região centro-oeste do Brasil. Pesquisa descritiva de abordagem quantitativa, utilizando-se de dados primários coletados por meio de entrevistas estruturadas, junto a 56 pais acompanhantes de suas puérperas. Predominaram pais na faixa etária de 25 a 31 anos, 20 (35,71%), casados, 22 (39,29%) e com ensino médio completo, 18 (32,14%). Todas as gestantes realizaram pré-natal e 36 (64,29%) pais as acompanharam. Receberam orientações sobre amamentação, 23 (41,07%) pais e dentre os profissionais que forneceram informações, predominou o enfermeiro 17 (30,36%). O principal fator facilitador para os pais ajudarem na amamentação foi a vontade de apoiar a esposa 37 (66,08%) e o dificultador, conciliar o horário de trabalho, 19 (33,93%). Estar junto da mulher é a maneira que os pais encontraram para favorecer a amamentação e sua participação é fundamental para o sucesso desse processo.
Lateness: A Recurrent Problem among Secondary School Students in Akoko South East Local Government Area of Ondo State Nigeria, Implications for Counselling
Authors: Onoyase Anna
Published: February 2017

The study investigated lateness as a recurrent problem among secondary school students in Akoko South East Local Government Area of Ondo State. Four hypotheses were formulated and an instrument titled “Cause of Lateness to School Questionnaire” (COLTSQ) used to gather data for the study. The instrument had a reliability coefficient of 0.78. It had content validity and language appropriateness. The researcher used two research assistants to administer 325 copies of the questionnaire on SS2 and SS3 students in the 5 public secondary schools used. 300 copies of the questionnaire were retrieved showing 92.3 percent return rate. The data collected were collated and the t-test statistics was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. The findings showed that there is no significant difference between male and female students in their identification of electronic media as a reason for lateness to school, there is no significant difference between students from high and low socio-economic status in their identification of broken home as a reason for lateness to school, there is no significant difference between SS2 and SS3 students in their identification of location of school as a reason for lateness to school, there is no significant difference between students in urban and rural areas in their identification of cultural background as a reason for lateness to school. One of the recommendations is that parents should put in place enforceable rules or time limit for watching television programmes at night and ensure that their children go to bed early.
Tests of Independence for a $2 \times 2$ Contingency Table with Random Margins
Authors: Yu Yuan , Bhadra Dhiman , Nandram Balgobin
Published: February 2017

Fisher's exact test is commonly used for testing the hypothesis of independence between the row and column variables in a $r \times c$ contingency table. It is a ``small-sample'' test since it is used when the sample size is not large enough for the Pearsonian chi-square test to be valid. Fisher's exact test conditions on both margins of a $2 \times 2$ table leading to a hypergeometric distribution of the cell counts under independence. Moreover, it is conservative in the sense that its actual significance level falls short of the nominal level. In this paper, we modify Fisher's exact test by lifting the restriction of fixed margins and allow the margins to be random. In doing so, we propose two new tests - a likelihood ratio test in a frequentist framework and a Bayes factor test in a Bayesian framework, both of which are based on a new multinomial distributional framework. We apply the three tests on data from the Worcester Heart Attack study and compare their power functions in assessing gender difference in the therapeutic management of patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).
Determination of Ethanol in Kombucha Products: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2016.12
Authors: Ebersole Blake , Liu Ying , Schmidt Rich , Eckert Matt , Brown Paula N
Published: February 2017

Kombucha is a fermented nonalcoholic beverage that has drawn government attention due to the possible presence of excess ethanol (≥0.5% alcohol by volume; ABV). A validated method that provides better precision and accuracy for measu ing ethanol levels in kombucha is urgently needed by the kombucha industry. The current study validated a method for determining ethanol content in commercial kombucha products. The ethanol content in kombucha was measured using headspace GC with flame ionization detection. An ethanol standard curve ranging from 0.05 to 5.09% ABV was used, with correlation coefficients greater than 99.9%. The method detection limit was 0.003% ABV and the LOQ was 0.01% ABV. The RSDr ranged from 1.62 to 2.21% and the Horwitz ratio ranged from 0.4 to 0.6. The average accuracy of the method was 98.2%. This methodwas validated following the guidelines for single-laboratory validation by AOAC INTERNATIONAL and meets the requirements set by AOAC SMPR 2016.001, “Standard Method Performance Requirements for Determination of Ethanol in Kombucha.”
Initial Diagnostic Workup of Acute Leukemia: Guideline From the College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology
Authors: Arber Daniel A. , Borowitz Michael J. , Cessna Melissa , Etzell Joan , Foucar Kathryn , Hasserjian Robert P. , Rizzo J. Douglas , Theil Karl , Wang Sa A. , Smith Anthony T. , Rumble R. Bryan , Thomas Nicole E. , Vardiman James W.
Published: February 2017

Context.—

A complete diagnosis of acute leukemia requires knowledge of clinical information combined with morphologic evaluation, immunophenotyping and karyotype analysis, and often, molecular genetic testing. Although many aspects of the workup for acute leukemia are well accepted, few guidelines have addressed the different aspects of the diagnostic evaluation of samples from patients suspected to have acute leukemia.

Objective.—

To develop a guideline for treating physicians and pathologists involved in the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of new acute leukemia samples, including acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, and acute leukemias of ambiguous lineage.

Design.—

The College of American Pathologists and the American Society of Hematology convened a panel of experts in hematology and hematopathology to develop recommendations. A systematic evidence review was conducted to address 6 key questions. Recommendations were derived from strength of evidence, feedback received during the public comment period, and expert panel consensus.

Results.—

Twenty-seven guideline statements were established, which ranged from recommendations on what clinical and laboratory information should be available as part of the diagnostic and prognostic evaluation of acute leukemia samples to what types of testing should be performed routinely, with recommendations on where such testing should be performed and how the results should be reported.

Conclusions.—

The guideline provides a framework for the multiple steps, including laboratory testing, in the evaluation of acute leukemia samples. Some aspects of the guideline, especially molecular genetic testing in acute leukemia, are rapidly changing with new supportive literature, which will require on-going updates for the guideline to remain relevant.
Speaking about Reality Verbatim techniques in contemporary Finnish documentary theatre.
Authors: Gröndahl Laura
Published: February 2017

During the past years, different modes of documentary theatre have gained popularity. A distinctive feature there is the use of verbatim texts, borrowed directly from authentic documents like recorded interviews or minutes, including sometimes even coincidental stuttering of the original speaker. In this article I analyse the verbatim-technique as part of the post-dramatic performance strategies. It makes it possible to focus on the materiality of language as a texture as well as an instrument for meaning making and communicating contents. It also gives a more active role to the audience. When texts are explicitly framed as authentic, and reiterated with exaggerated precision, the attention is drawn to the performative repetition of the speech acts. Thus, the verbatim performances do not so much refer to reality “as it is”, but rather stage acts of making claims about something we call reality. Borrowing Carol Martin, the contemporary generation of documentary theatre makers aspire to make relevant claims about social reality even if they use postmodern strategies and admit that truth and reality are not within their reach. I will discuss different strategies of using the verbatim techniques in documentary performances. I theorize the subject using well-known international examples, move on to a short overview of recent documentary theatre in Finland, and examine closer four cases: Parliament III in Ryhmäteatteri in 2015, Towards Work at Kouvolan Teatteri in 2014, Ruusula Street 10 at Q-teatteri in 2014, and My Palestine at Teatteri Takomo in 2015.
Making inference from wildlife collision data: inferring predator absence from prey strikes
Authors: Caley Peter , Hosack Geoffrey R. , Barry Simon C.
Published: February 2017

Wildlife collision data are ubiquitous, though challenging for making ecological inference due to typically irreducible uncertainty relating to the sampling process. We illustrate a new approach that is useful for generating inference from predator data arising from wildlife collisions. By simply conditioning on a second prey species sampled via the same collision process, and by using a biologically realistic numerical response functions, we can produce a coherent numerical response relationship between predator and prey. This relationship can then be used to make inference on the population size of the predator species, including the probability of extinction. The statistical conditioning enables us to account for unmeasured variation in factors influencing the runway strike incidence for individual airports and to enable valid comparisons. A practical application of the approach for testing hypotheses about the distribution and abundance of a predator species is illustrated using the hypothesized red fox incursion into Tasmania, Australia. We estimate that conditional on the numerical response between fox and lagomorph runway strikes on mainland Australia, the predictive probability of observing no runway strikes of foxes in Tasmania after observing 15 lagomorph strikes is 0.001. We conclude there is enough evidence to safely reject the null hypothesis that there is a widespread red fox population in Tasmania at a population density consistent with prey availability. The method is novel and has potential wider application.
Lifetime Cost-Effectiveness of Structured Education and Exercise Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis in Australia
Authors: Docking Sean , Ademi Zanfina , Barton Christian , Wallis Jason A. , Harris Ian A. , de Steiger Richard , Buchbinder Rachelle , Brusco Natasha , Young Kirby , Pazzinatto Marcella Ferraz , Harries Dylan , Vertullo Christopher J. , Ackerman Ilana N.
Published: October 2024

Importance

Structured education and exercise therapy programs have been proposed to reduce reliance on total knee replacement (TKR) surgery and improve health care sustainability. The long-term cost-effectiveness of these programs is unclear.

Objectives

To estimate the lifetime cost-effectiveness of implementing a national structured education and exercise therapy program for individuals with knee osteoarthritis with the option for future TKR compared with usual care (TKR for all).

Design, Setting, and Participants

This economic evaluation used a life table model in combination with a Markov model to compare costs and health outcomes of a national education and exercise therapy program vs usual care in the Australian health care system. Subgroup, deterministic, and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were completed. A hypothetical cohort of adults aged 45 to 84 years who would undergo TKR was created.

Exposure

Structured education and exercise therapy intervention provided by physiotherapists. The comparator was usual care where all people undergo TKR without accessing the program in the first year.

Main Outcomes and Measures

Incremental net monetary benefit (INMB), with an incremental cost-effectiveness ratio threshold of 28 033 Australian dollars (A$) per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) gained, was calculated from a health care perspective. Transition probabilities, costs, and utilities were estimated from national registries and a randomized clinical trial.

Results

The hypothetical cohort included 61 394 individuals (53.9% female; 93.6% aged ≥55 years). Implementation of an education and exercise therapy program resulted in a lifetime cost savings of A$498 307 942 (US $339 922 227), or A$7970 (US $5537) per individual, and resulted in fewer QALYs (0.43 per individual) compared with usual care. At a population level, education and exercise therapy was not cost-effective at the lifetime horizon (INMB, −A$4090 [−US $2841]). Subgroup analysis revealed that the intervention was cost-effective only for the first 9 years and over a lifetime only in individuals with no or mild pain at baseline (INMB, A$11 [US $8]). Results were robust to uncertainty around model inputs.

Conclusions and Relevance

In this economic evaluation of structured education and exercise therapy compared with usual care, the intervention was not cost-effective over the lifetime for all patients but was for the first 9 years and for those with minimal pain. These findings point to opportunities to invest early cost savings in additional care or prevention, including targeted implementation to specific subgroups.
Food Retention at Endoscopy Among Adults Using Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists
Authors: Nasser Jason , Hosseini Ava , Barlow Gillian , Gianchandani Roma , Rezaie Ali , Pimentel Mark , Mathur Ruchi
Published: October 2024

This cross-sectional study investigates the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists and food retention during esophagogastroduodenoscopy.
Identification of sparse nonlinear controlled variables for near‐optimal operation of chemical processes
Authors: Ma Xie , Guan Hongwei , Ye Lingjian
Published: October 2024

For optimal operation of chemical processes, the selection of controlled variables plays an important role. A previous proposal is to approximate the necessary conditions of optimality (NCO) as the controlled variables, such that process optimality is automatically maintained by tracking constant zero setpoints. In this paper, we extend the NCO approximation method by identifying sparse nonlinear controlled variables, motivated by the fact that simplicity is always favoured for practical implementations. To this end, the ‐regularization is employed to approximate the NCO, such that the controlled variables are maintained simple, even they are specified as nonlinear functions. The sparse controlled variables are solved using the proximal gradient method, implemented within a tailored Adam algorithm. Two case studies are provided to illustrate the proposed approach.
Long‐Term Excretion of Roxadustat in Urine
Authors: Sobolevsky Tim , Fedoruk Matthew , Dellanna Frank , Geyer Hans , Ahrens Brian , Thevis Mario
Published: October 2024

Roxadustat (FG‐4592), an orally active hypoxia‐inducible factor prolyl hydroxylase stabilizer, has been shown to enhance erythropoiesis by increasing endogenous erythropoietin. It is indicated for the treatment of anemia and chronic kidney disease and is approved for clinical use in several countries, including the European Union, Japan and others. Due to its reasonably anticipated performance‐enhancing effect in athletes, roxadustat is prohibited for use in sports at all times. A few cases of adverse analytical findings in routine doping controls have been reported worldwide, some of which were claimed to be the result of contaminated dietary supplements. The present study offers new data demonstrating the long‐term excretion pattern of roxadustat. Even after a single‐dose administration, roxadustat can remain detectable in urine for 8 months, albeit at very low concentrations (<10 pg/mL). Following three times a week treatment with 70 to 100 mg of roxadustat, the drug was still detectable in the urine of anemic patients for between 9 and 18 months after treatment was discontinued. Lastly, an athlete who admitted use of roxadustat for almost a year (50 mg 3 to 5 times a week) has now tested positive multiple times over the course of 15 months (the first test being 12 months after the drug was discontinued), with an estimated concentration of roxadustat between 3 and 8 pg/mL. Altogether, these findings indicate the unusually prolonged terminal excretion kinetics of roxadustat, a property that testing authorities should consider in their results management process.
ピルシカイニドの大量服薬に対してV–A ECMOを導入した1例(A case of V–A ECMO effectiveness in the treatment of pilsicainide intoxication)
Authors: 萌 関根 , 泰彦 塚田 , 雅洋 岩渕 , 友誉 三澤 , 一樹 菅谷 , 憲哉 武藤 , 憲 伊関
Published: October 2024

抗不整脈薬である塩酸ピルシカイニドは，上室性および心室性の頻脈性不整脈の治療に用いられる。大量服薬により血中濃度が上昇した場合，致死的不整脈を呈しうる。症例は40歳台，女性。意識障害のため救急搬送された。現場にはピルシカイニド（50mg）23錠，ブロマゼパム（2mg）200錠などの空包を認め，大量服薬が考えられた。来院後，JCS III–300，血圧68/40mmHg，P波消失とQRS幅の高度増大，QTc時間延長の心電図変化を認めた。ピルシカイニドによる中毒と考えた。輸液負荷と昇圧剤投与後も高度循環不全が続いており，V–A ECMOを導入した。尿量を確保できていたことから血液浄化法は行わなかった。第2病日には洞調律に復した一方，新規にBrugada症候群に特有のcoved型ST上昇を認めた。循環動態は安定していたため第3病日にV–A ECMOから離脱し第5病日に退院した。塩酸ピルシカイニドはヒトの体内では代謝を受けにくく，90%以上が腎臓から尿中へと排泄され，消失半減期は4～5時間である。尿量が得られていれば比較的短時間で排泄されると考えられ，腎血流量を維持できるV–A ECMOを用いることは有効である可能性がある。また，ピルシカイニド中毒ではBrugada症候群様の心電図変化を呈することがあるが，経過観察が可能である。
Slot‐Die‐Printed Electroactive Polymer Actuators with High‐Strain Sensitivity for Soft Robotic Applications
Authors: Lu Duanhao , Yu Ying , Zuo Yuxin , Lv Yong , Zhang Tianyu , Li You , Zhao Zhangfeng
Published: October 2024

Ionic electroactive polymer gels are widely employed as actuators in soft robotics due to their ability to undergo rapid mechanical deformation under low‐voltage. How to improve the performance of the ionic electroactive polymer actuators is always the focus of research in this field. Optimizing the migration of ions within the actuator is crucial for enhancing the actuation performance. In this regard, this study innovatively introduces slot‐die‐printing technology to fabricate gel actuation layers characterized by high smoothness and uniform particle distribution, achieving seamless integration between the electrodes and gel actuation layers, while mitigating issues associated with ion accumulation due to polymer clustering. Furthermore, this study attempts to add lactic acid to the traditional CS‐PVA‐IL gel, effectively strengthening the connection between CS and PVA, and promoting smooth ion transport within the gel. The results demonstrate that the actuators prepared in this study achieved a high‐bending‐strain of 0.35%, with a retention rate of 91% for actuation displacement after 10 000 cycles, showcasing superior actuation performance compared to existing research. The fabrication method proposed in this study is simple and highly reproducible, making it suitable for widespread industrial application, and providing a new approach for future industrial production of soft robotics.
The Ricci flow for circle bundles over surfaces
Authors: Bazdar Arash , Fotopoulos Georgios
Published: October 2024

In this work, we study and solve the normalized Ricci flow equation for circle bundles over surfaces. Moreover, we study the asymptotic behavior of the solutions and their connections to some model geometries.
Segmental myocardial strain in myocarditis in young adults: Natural variability versus myocarditis signal
Authors: Kirn Borut , Strašek Katja , Awais Kanza , Cerne Cercek Andreja
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Myocardial segmental peak strain (pkS) is used in detection and characterization of myocarditis; however, its clinical diagnostic values are inconclusive. To reveal potential causes of positive and negative study results and evaluate the diagnostic potential of pkS, we quantified its natural variability and compared it to the change in pkS caused by myocarditis.

Methods

The study included 34 patients (sex: 29 M, age: 30 ± 7.5 years) with diagnosed myocarditis which underwent two‐dimensional speckle tracking echocardiography (2D‐STE) in three apical echocardiographic planes at the time of diagnosis (M0) and 6 months (M6) following treatment. In total, 18 longitudinal segmental strain patterns were extracted at each session and a pkS was found as a minimum strain value during systole. The average natural variability () was calculated from sector values of all unique pkS absolute differences separately at M0 and M6, and myocarditis signal () was calculated from pkS difference in the same patient between M6 and M0. A signal‐to‐noise ratio was calculated as ().

Results

We found that the average pkS at M0 and M6 were different (−19% ± 5% and −20% ± 5%, p < 0.05), and the difference was largest around the basal‐posterior segment. There was no difference in () between M0 and M6 (5.1% ± 4.2% and 5.0% ± 4.2%, p > 0.05), but they were both significantly larger than () (−1.3% ± 5.3%, p < 0.05). The average signal‐to‐noise ratio was 0.3, and it was largest in the basal‐lateral region and lowest in the anterior‐septal region.

Conclusion

We found that natural variability in pkS is significantly larger than the change of pkS due to myocarditis. Thus, information about inflammation severity and location from pkS alone needs further investigation.
Realisation of the Non-Rotating Terrestrial Reference Frame by an Actual Plate Kinematic and Crustal Deformation Model (APKIM2020)
Authors: Drewes Hermann , Seitz Manuela , Sánchez Laura
Published: October 2024

Since 1991, the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF) includes the global time evolution of station positions (velocities) in addition to the three-dimensional Cartesian station positions at a fixed reference epoch. The orientation of the velocities refers to a kinematic model of rigid tectonic plates derived from geophysical observations over millions of years. For consistency with other geodetic parameters (e.g., Earth orientation), the models must be aligned to actual no-net-rotation of the whole Earth surface. Because of deviations of present-day velocities and neglect of non-rigid surface deformations, e.g., in seismic zones, the geophysical models are not valid for today. This paper describes a further developed method of estimating a non-rotating terrestrial reference frame from space geodetic observations. Different to previous estimations of geodetic no-net-rotation models, regional inter-plate and intra-plate crustal deformations are included, and instead of using the irregularly distributed observed station velocities, an evenly distributed grid throughout the Earth is interpolated by least squares collocation. Due to significant changes of the station velocities from one ITRF to another, NNR models must be computed for each ITRF. Here it is done for the ITRF2020.
FFAG, Scaling
Authors: Méot François
Published: October 2024

This chapter is an introduction to Fixed-Field Alternating Gradient (FFAG) cyclic accelerators. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical and technological context, and continues with the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It relies on charged particle optics and acceleration concepts introduced in the previous cyclotron and synchrotron chapters. Furthermore it addresses

design aspects of scaling FFAGs,

beam dynamics in radial- and spiral-sector rings,

synchrotron acceleration and various other acceleration techniques.

Simulations introduce dedicated keywords providing an analytical modeling of the field: FFAG (radial sector dipole) and FFAG-SPI (spiral sector). They otherwise use optical elements met in the previous chapters: DIPOLE[S], TOSCA, CAVITE, data input/output keywords such as FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, the SYSTEM keyword, etc. Beam dynamics simulations include

particle trajectories through multiple-dipole FFAG cells,

closed-orbit finding, from multi-turn raytracing or using FIT,

deriving ancillary outcomes from rays, such as

transport matrices using MATRIX,

periodic optical functions and their transport using TWISS,

finding dynamical aperture.
Relativistic Cyclotron
Authors: Méot François
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces the AVF (azimuthally varying field), isochronous, relativistic cyclotron, and to the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. A brief reminder of the historical context is followed by further basic theoretical considerations leaning on the cyclotron concepts introduced in Chap. 3 and including

Thomas focusing and the AVF cyclotron,

positive focusing index,

isochronous optics,

separated sector cyclotrons,

spin dynamics in an AVF cyclotron.

Simulation exercises use optical elements and keywords met earlier: the analytical field modeling DIPOLE, TOSCA in case using a field map is preferred, CAVITE to accelerate, SPNTRK to solve spin motion, FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, FIT, etc. The exercises further develop on radial and spiral sector magnets, edge focusing and flutter, isochronous optics, separated sector ring cyclotrons, and their modeling in DIPOLE, DIPOLES and other CYCLOTRON keyword capabilities.
Microtron
Authors: Méot François
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces the microtron, and to the theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises. It begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with the beam optics and acceleration techniques that the microtron method leans on, relying in that on basic charged particle optics and acceleration concepts introduced in the previous chapters. It further addresses the following aspects:

spiraling accelerated orbits tangenting at the accelerating gap,

beam recirculation through an accelerating system, via return arcs,

methods for periodic motion stability,

harmonic number jump acceleration.

The simulation of a classical microtron only requires one optical element: DIPOLE, and CAVITE for acceleration. Simulation of a racetrack microtron adds DRIFT to simulate drift sections, possibly BEND for small steering dipoles along the recirculation paths, and a series of CAVITE to simulate a linac section. Particle monitoring requires keywords introduced in the previous chapters, such as FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, PICKUPS, and some others. Beam path and optics optimization use FIT[2]. SYSTEM is used to, mostly, resort to gnuplot so as to end simulations with some nice graphs (orbits, fields, or else) obtained by reading data from output files such as zgoubi.fai (resulting from the use of FAISTORE), zgoubi.plt (resulting from IL $$=$$
=
2), or other zgoubi.*.out files resulting from a PRINT command.
Synchrocyclotron
Authors: Méot François
Published: October 2024

This chapter introduces the concept of phase focusing by synchronous acceleration, and the synchrocyclotron which confirmed the principle. Synchrocyclotron style of acceleration in a fixed field alternating gradient accelerator (FFAG) is also addressed. The theoretical material needed for the simulation exercises is essentially that of the Weak Focusing Synchrotron, Chap. 8, regarding phase stability, and that of the Classical Cyclotron, Chap. 3, or FFAG optics, Chap. 10, regarding transverse stability. The chapter begins with a brief reminder of the historical context, and continues with the theoretical material which the synchrocyclotron optics and acceleration techniques lean on. The simulation of a synchrocyclotron is achieved using just three keywords: DIPOLE for the magnet, and CAVITE and SCALING for acceleration. FFAG dipoles have their specific keywords, FFAG and FFAG-SPI (Chap. 10). Particle monitoring uses FAISCEAU, FAISTORE, and some others. Optics matching and optimization, and the design of RF programs as well, use FIT[2]. INCLUDE is resorted to, although there is no obligation, in order mostly to simplify the input data files. SYSTEM calls to gnuplot scripts allow ending simulations with various graphs; gnuplot reads data from output files such as zgoubi.fai (produced by FAISTORE), zgoubi.plt (resulting from IL $$=$$
=
2) and from files zgoubi.*.out resulting from a PRINT command.
Three-Step Rhetorical Model of Conspiratorial Populism
Authors: Bergmann Eirikur
Published: October 2024

This chapter delineates a threefold claim that nativist populists put forth in their support of the people. Initially, they tend to fabricate an external threat to the inner nation discursively. Subsequently, they levy accusations against a domestic elite, alleging treachery against the populace, often portraying them as colluding with external foes. Lastly, they cast themselves as the authentic guardians of the ‘pure people,’ pledging protection against both the elite and these malevolent foreign entities—entities they have themselves rhetorically constructed. In the current landscape of post-truth politics, conspiracy theories stand out as one of the most effective rhetorical strategies populist leaders can use. In the chapter, the commonalities between populist conspiratorial ideologues, transcending national and thematic boundaries will be illuminated. The discourse will centre on three salient contemporary conspiracy theories: the notion of Eurabia in Europe, the Deep State in the United States, and anti-Western narratives in Russia. The analysis will reveal how populist figures employ Neo-Nationalist rhetoric in these instances, thereby ideologically conjuring threats from beyond the nation's borders, denouncing domestic elites as traitors who have surrendered the people to adversaries, and portraying themselves as the genuine protectors of the unblemished populace against both the compromised elite and these fabricated external threats.