bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toward becoming an inclusive library
Authors: Yap Joseph Marmol , Kamilova Yelizaveta
Published: February 2020

Purpose

The library's role in promoting and supporting the United Nations Agenda for Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) is beyond borders. It has the capacity to be a powerful driving force in leading exemplary programs that will transform society in many dimensions. This paper will share the value of libraries in integrating SDG's into their work and how it can positively advocate for change toward attaining an inclusive, open and tolerant society.

Design/methodology/approach

This survey research and program evaluation are designed to solicit opinions from participants of two library programs focusing on gender equality at Nazarbayev University. Data collection was prepared, gathered and analyzed using Qualtrics.

Findings

Participants believed that gender-related programs of the library are positive ways on how to stimulate a gender-balanced society. The programs increased awareness on gender equality among the academic community and promoted the welfare and rights of marginalized sectors. Finally, these programs addressed various stigmas, thus empowering vulnerable groups to stand up to discrimination.

Practical implications

Libraries are safe spaces that advocate social inclusivity.

Social implications

It proves that a library can hold programs in support of SDGs, particularly on gender equality.

Originality/value

This paper shares academic library initiatives in Central Asia, particularly in Kazakhstan, in support of SDGs.
Green closed-loop supply chain network design considering cost control and CO2 emission
Authors: Huang Lufei , Murong Liwen , Wang Wencheng
Published: February 2020

Purpose

Environmental issues have become an important concern in modern supply chain management. The structure of closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) networks, which considers both forward and reverse logistics, can greatly improve the utilization of materials and enhance the performance of the supply chain in coping with environmental impacts and cost control.

Design/methodology/approach

A biobjective mixed-integer programming model is developed to achieve the balance between environmental impact control and operational cost reduction. Various factors regarding the capacity level and the environmental level of facilities are incorporated in this study. The scenario-based method and the Epsilon method are employed to solve the stochastic programming model under uncertain demand.

Findings

The proposed stochastic mixed-integer programming (MIP) model is an effective way of formulating and solving the CLSC network design problem. The reliability and precision of the Epsilon method are verified based on the numerical experiments. Conversion efficiency calculation can achieve the trade-off between cost control and CO2 emissions. Managers should pay more attention to activities about facility operation. These nodes might be the main factors of costs and environmental impacts in the CLSC network. Both costs and CO2 emissions are influenced by return rate especially costs. Managers should be discreet in coping with cost control for CO2 emissions barely affected by return rate. It is advisable to convert the double target into a single target by the idea of “Efficiency of CO2 Emissions Control Reduction.” It can provide managers with a way to double-target conversion.

Originality/value

We proposed a biobjective optimization problem in the CLSC network considering environmental impact control and operational cost reduction. The scenario-based method and the Epsilon method are employed to solve the mixed-integer programming model under uncertain demand.
The winners of legislative mandate: An analysis of post‐parliamentary career positions in Germany and the Netherlands
Authors: CLAESSEN CLINT , BAILER STEFANIE , TURNER‐ZWINKELS TOMAS
Published: February 2020

Little is known about the careers of parliamentarians after they leave parliament. We analyse the post‐parliamentary careers of German and Dutch parliamentarians over the last 20 years and document the presence of a persistent and substantial gender gap. This gap exists regardless of party, country or political position and persists even when the status of the pre‐parliamentary profession and achievement within parliament are controlled for. Aside from demonstrating our findings, we offer new insights into possible explanations for the dynamics behind them. Additionally, we show that parliament only serves as a stepping stone for a more successful career for a relatively small share of politicians: only 32 per cent of MPs obtain more attractive positions in the public or private sector after their legislative service.
Typical reactive carbonyl compounds in food products: Formation, influence on food quality, and detection methods
Authors: Zhou Xuxia , Zhang Zhiwen , Liu Xiaoying , Wu Di , Ding Yuting , Li Guoliang , Wu Yongning
Published: February 2020

Reactive carbonyl compounds are a large group of highly reactive electrophilic compounds containing one or more carbonyl groups, which can be created by lipid oxidation both in vivo and in food. Malondialdehyde (MDA) and 4‐hydroxy‐2‐nonenel (HNE) are the two most important reactive carbonyl compounds in food. They can react with proteins and nucleic acids and cause biological damage to cells and lead to carbonyl stress. Therefore, they are regarded as representative products of lipid oxidation, toxic molecules, and biomarkers of oxidative stress. Apart from biological toxicity, they can also react with myoglobin and myofibrillar protein and further affect color, gel properties, hydrophobicity, or other properties of food. However, the effects of MDA and HNE on food qualities have not received as much attentions and it is noteworthy that the existing analytical methods for detecting MDA and HNE have a variety of limitations due to the complexity of food samples. To provide a comprehensive understanding of HNE and MDA, the formation mechanism, occurrence, and analytical methods for MDA and HNE in food matrix were summarized in this article. Emphasis is focused on formation mechanism including non‐enzymatic pathway and enzymatic pathway, and detection methods including the extraction methods, the new development of sample pre‐treatment technology and the selection of derivative reagents. Impressively, the reaction mechanism of MDA and HNE with myoglobin or myofibrillar protein is also described to explain how MDA and HNE affect food quality.
Accuracy of non‐contrast quiescent‐interval single‐shot and quiescent‐interval single‐shot arterial spin‐labelled magnetic resonance angiography in assessment of peripheral arterial disease in a diabetic population
Authors: Lam Adrienne , Perchyonok Yuliya , Ranatunga Dinesh , Lukies Matthew W , Richmond Danielle , Hornsey Emma K , McColl Brenden , Heidrich Jason , Ko Pei‐Heng , Spelman Tim , Chuen Jason , Edelman Robert R , Lim Ruth P
Published: February 2020

Introduction

Diabetic patients with peripheral arterial disease (PAD) are challenging to assess. Non‐contrast magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) offers a safe alternative in patients with renal impairment. The study objective is to evaluate accuracy of lower limb quiescent‐interval single‐shot (QISS) MRA and pedal QISS‐arterial spin‐labelled (ASL) MRA for detection of significant stenosis in diabetic patients with PAD.

Methods

Combined QISS and QISS‐ASL MRA was performed in 32 diabetic PAD patients (20 male, 12 female; mean 69 years; 8 with critical ischaemia). Two readers assessed haemodynamically significant (>50%) stenosis and diagnostic confidence on MRA, against digital subtraction angiography (DSA) as the reference standard, with subgroup analysis of patients with severe renal impairment (n = 7). Inter‐reader agreement of stenosis and diagnostic confidence were evaluated. Test–retest reproducibility was evaluated in 10 subjects who underwent repeat MRA on a different day.

Results

At DSA, 262/645 segments (40.6%) had haemodynamically significant stenoses. MRA accuracy was 78.1% (478/612) and 75.6% (464/614), sensitivity 64.7% (161/249) and 77.5% (193/249), and specificity 87.3% (317/363) and 74.2% (271/365) for 2 readers. MRA accuracy was 80.9% and 80.7% for readers 1 and 2, respectively, in patients with severe renal impairment. QISS MRA but not pedal QISS‐ASL MRA was considered of diagnostic image quality. Inter‐reader agreement was moderate for stenosis (ĸ = 0.60) and diagnostic confidence (ĸ = 0.41). Test–retest reproducibility was high (ĸ = 0.87) and moderate (ĸ = 0.54) for individual readers.

Conclusions

Quiescent‐interval single‐shot MRA has reasonable accuracy in a diabetic PAD population with high burden of disease, providing a non‐contrast option in patients with renal impairment. QISS‐ASL MRA requires further optimisation to be clinically feasible.
AragoJ: A free, open‐source software to aid single camera photogrammetry studies
Authors: Aleixo Francisco , O’Callaghan Seán A. , Ducla Soares Luís , Nunes Paulo , Prieto Rui
Published: February 2020

Close‐range photogrammetry (CRP) is a well‐established technique to retrieve quantitative information from objects using photography. CRP is often used in morphology studies when the direct handling of individuals is unpractical or unethical, or to reduce processing costs and time. Although multiple software to extract quantitative information from 3D reconstructions of objects exist, tools for 2D CRP are scarce and often tailored for specific applications.

We present AragoJ, a cross‐platform, open‐source, Java based software designed to integrate and streamline all 2D CRP workflow steps in a single program.

AragoJ allows the user to perform all the main tasks involved in obtaining measurements from digital pictures, namely: (1) performing camera calibration and correcting radial picture distortions; (2) calculating a scaling factor either by: (a) utilizing a scale in the picture, or (b) based on camera specifications (focal distance and digital sensor size) and distance to object; (3) measuring and scaling the relevant traits in the photographs; (4) obtaining information from pictures’ digital metadata files; and (5) exporting measurements and metadata to a comma separated values file.

AragoJ was designed to be versatile and unconstrained, in order to be useful for 2D CRP studies across multiple disciplines. The software, source code and detailed documentation are available from https://github.com/AzWhaleLab/AragoJ.
The impact of interleukin serum levels on the prognosis of patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation
Authors: Schopka Simon , Philipp Alois , Müller Thomas , Lubnow Matthias , Lunz Dirk , Unterbuchner Christoph , Rupprecht Leopold , Keyser Andreas , Schmid Christof
Published: February 2020

Extracorporeal life support is increasingly used in the treatment of patients presenting with cardiogenic shock or in need of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. Identifying therapeutic targets and factors associated with the prognosis are highly desirable. The present study analyzed the impact of interleukin 6 and 8 on the outcome of patients undergoing venoarterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA ECMO). Interleukin 6 and 8 serum levels of 329 patients were analyzed prior to, on days 1 and 5 of VA ECMO therapy. Interleukin 6 and 8 serum levels of surviving and nonsurviving patients were compared. At time points with significant differences, receiver operating characteristics and cutoff levels were analyzed to determine the prognostic value of interleukin serum levels. Survival analysis was performed to compare patients above and below cutoff levels. Interleukin 6 serum levels were significantly elevated in nonsurviving patients prior to VA ECMO initiation. Interleukin 6 and 8 serum levels in nonsurviving patients were significantly elevated on day 1 of VA ECMO. Receiver operating characteristics analysis revealed significant prognostic impact of interleukin 6 and 8 on day 1 of VA ECMO (AUC 0.70 and 0.72). Survival analysis comparing patients above and below the cutoff showed a 1‐year survival of 32.6% for IL6 and 20.8% for IL8 above, as well as 66.9% for IL6 and 61.9% for IL8 below the cutoff (P < .05). Interleukin 6 and 8 serum levels demonstrated prognostic value early in VA ECMO therapy. The technical applicability of interleukin reduction raises interest in interleukins 6 and 8 as therapeutic targets.
Drawing of their own sleep by children with sleep‐disordered breathing gives insight into their imaginary life
Authors: Filhol Auriane , Ouss Lisa , Amaddeo Alessandro , Khirani Sonia , Fauroux Brigitte
Published: February 2020

Aim

To examine how children with sleep‐disordered breathing express their own sleep through drawing.

Methods

Children hospitalised for a sleep study in a sleep laboratory of a tertiary hospital were asked to draw a human figure and themselves while asleep. Characteristics of the two drawings were analysed and compared along with a descriptive analysis of some drawings.

Results

Children with sleep‐disordered breathing and an associated disorder, n = 34, age 5‐11 years, participated in the study. The size of the human figure, the colours used, the orientation of the sheet, the type of drawing strokes and the objective quality of the drawing were comparable between the two drawings. On the sleep drawing, 71% of the children drew a bed, 15% drew themselves asleep, 19% represented snoring and 12% night elements. Sixty‐two per cent of the children preferred the human drawing to the sleep drawing. A descriptive analysis of 12 drawings showed the influence of the associated disorder on the two drawings.

Conclusion

This study showed how the associated disease of children with sleep‐disordered breathing infiltrated their imaginary life. The sleep drawing gave useful information about representation, fears and wishes in relation to the associated disease and the child's sleeping.
How preclinical studies have influenced novel psychoactive substance legislation in the UK and Europe
Authors: Santos‐Toscano Raquel , Guirguis Amira , Davidson Colin
Published: February 2020

Novel psychoactive substances (NPS) are new drugs of abuse. Over the last 10 years 50–100 new NPS have been detected for the first time each year. This has led to numerous deaths and challenges to healthcare providers and law‐makers worldwide. We review preclinical studies of NPS and discuss how these studies have influenced legislative decisions. We focus on the UK legal system but include experiences from Europe. We reviewed manuscripts from 2008–2019 and have summarised the in vitro and in vivo data on NPS, highlighting how these studies define pharmacological mechanisms and how they might predict harm in humans. We found that only a small percentage of NPS have been examined in preclinical studies. Most preclinical studies of NPS focus on basic pharmacological mechanisms (46% of studies reviewed) and/or addictive liability (32%) rather than toxicity and harm (24%). Very few preclinical studies into NPS include data from chronic dosing schedules (9%) or female rodents (4%). We conclude that preclinical studies can predict harm to humans, but most of the predictions are based on basic pharmacology rather than demonstrated toxicity. Some of these studies have been used to make changes to the law in the UK and Europe and perhaps, because of the paucity of toxicology data, most NPS have been placed in the highly dangerous schedule 1 or Class A category in the UK. We suggest that in silico studies and high throughput toxicology screens might be the most economical way forward to rapidly screen the health harms of NPS.
“It was emotional”—A group for people with learning disabilities to talk about end of life
Authors: Reilly Deirdre Emer , Raymond Kathryn , O'Donnell Chris
Published: February 2020

Accessible summary

People with a learning disability told us people do not talk to them about death.

This is about a group we ran to help people learn about death and the end of their life.

The group talked about people who had died and what might happen when they die.

People in the group wanted help to talk to their own parents about what might happen when their parents die.

People did not have enough information about the cost of funerals.

The group was important as it helped people to learn. Some people made plans for what they would like to happen when they die.

Background

Academic research and reports from healthcare professionals tell us people with learning disabilities are not routinely supported to learn about end‐of‐life issues or make plans for the end of their lives.

Materials

Questionnaires were used to check how much people knew. Accessible symbols were used to help people understand end‐of‐life specific terms.

Method

Partnering with a charity, three sessions were held in three consecutive weeks to ask people in a convened group what they wanted to know and help them learn. The sessions supported people to start creating their own plans for funerals, where they want to die and what should happen with their possessions.

Results

This group had between 21 and 23 (N = 23) attendees each week and all except one person came back after the first week. The participants were keen to highlight what they did not know and learn about end‐of‐life issues. They also wanted support to plan for the end of their lives and their parents' lives, and the group tried to provide information and support on these topics.

Conclusion

This group was a valuable exercise that was very much needed by local people with learning disabilities. The group will run again and should be offered in other areas. Groups of this kind can offer unmet needs that are highlighted by national guidance in England, UK such as the NHS long‐term plan and the Learning Disability Mortality Review Programme.
Depression, drugs and dental anxiety in prisons: A mediation model explaining dental decay experience
Authors: Arora Garima , Humphris Gerry , Lahti Satu , Richards Derek , Freeman Ruth
Published: February 2020

Objective

To test a theoretical mediation model and investigate whether drug use and/or dental anxiety act as mediating factors between depression and dental decay experience among prisoners.

Method

A cross‐sectional survey was conducted on a convenience sample of 300 prisoners across three prison establishments in Scotland. Depression and dental anxiety were measured using the Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and the Modified Dental Anxiety Scale, respectively. Drug use was assessed using three yes (scoring 1)/ no (scoring 0) questions: ‘ever taken (illegal) drugs’, ‘injecting drugs’ and ‘ever participated in a rehabilitation programme’. Participants had an oral examination to determine dental caries experience (missing [MT] and untreated decay [D3cvT]) in all four quadrants. Latent variable path analysis was conducted to test the mediation model.

Results

A total of 342 prisoners participated, of which 298 yielded a complete data set. Depression was associated with missing teeth and untreated decay (D3T) through an indirect pathway (Total standardized indirect effects = 0.11, P < .01) via drug use and dental anxiety (X2 [71] = 89.8, P = .07; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation: 0.03; Comparative Fit Index: 0.994 and Tucker‐Lewis index: 0.992). Twenty‐two percent of the variance in untreated decay and missing teeth was explained by both drug use and dental anxiety; however, the strongest predictor was drug use (total standardized direct effects = 0.45, P < .001).

Conclusion

A relatively simple model to assist understanding dental decay experience of people in prison has been proposed. The data collected were consistent with our specified model. Drug use acted as the primary mediator and dental anxiety as a secondary mediator between depression and dental decay experience. Given the co‐morbidity between mental health and drug use and dental decay experience, an integrated or shared approach is proposed. We recommend that future research should concentrate on building a firmer picture by replicating and extending the framework presented.
Factors associated with provider self‐efficacy in delivery of evidence‐based programs for children, youth, and families
Authors: Shapiro Cheri J. , Charest Emilie
Published: February 2020

Investments in training real‐world behavioral health providers in evidence‐based programs (EBPs) can be costly; thus, it is important to understand which providers may be more or less likely to implement such approaches after training. Provider self‐efficacy is associated with implementation of EBPs, but research on factors associated with provider self‐efficacy is less common. An exploratory, cross‐sectional, quantitative survey examined factors associated with provider self‐efficacy among 150 real‐world service providers who reported delivering EBPs to children, youth, or families in one U.S. state. Factors found to be associated with higher self‐efficacy included profession, workplace support, and extent of training received; difficulty engaging families was associated with lower self‐efficacy. Self‐efficacy was found to be associated with program use but not fidelity. Several organization‐level variables were identified as both facilitators and barriers to implementation of EBPs. Implications for research and practice are discussed.
Mutations in KRT10 in epidermolytic acanthoma
Authors: Cheraghlou Shayan , Atzmony Lihi , Roy Simon F. , McNiff Jennifer M. , Choate Keith A.
Published: February 2020

Background

Epidermolytic acanthoma (EA) is a rare acquired lesion demonstrating a characteristic histopathological pattern of epidermal degeneration referred to as epidermolytic hyperkeratosis (EHK). On histopathological analysis, EA appears nearly identical to inherited EHK‐associated dermatoses such as epidermolytic ichthyosis and ichthyosis bullosa of Siemens. While it has been speculated that EA is caused by mutations in KRT10, KRT1, or KRT2 found in these inherited dermatoses, none have yet been identified. Herein, we aim to identify the contributions of keratin mutations to EA.

Methods

Using genomic DNA extracted from paraffin‐embedded samples from departmental archives, we evaluated a discovery cohort using whole‐exome sequencing (WES) and assessed remaining samples using Sanger sequencing screening and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis.

Results

DNA from 16/20 cases in our sample was of sufficient quality for polymerase chain reaction amplification. WES of genomic DNA from lesional tissue revealed KRT10 c.466C > T, p.Arg156Cys mutations in 2/3 samples submitted for examination. RFLP analysis of these samples as well as eight additional samples confirmed the mutations identified via WES and identified four additional cases with Arg156 mutations. In sum, 6/11 screened cases showed hotspot mutation in KRT10.

Conclusions

Hotspot mutations in the Arg156 position of KRT10, known to cause epidermolytic ichthyosis, also underlie EA.
Next generation of endoscopy: Harmony with artificial intelligence and robotic‐assisted devices
Authors: Fujii Masashi , Isomoto Hajime
Published: February 2020

This Editorial refers to the article by Gulati et al., p 512–522 of this issue.
Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
Authors: Li Junfang , Lin Xiaotong , Li Huichao , Lu Changhong , Li Rong , Liu Weigang , Wang Zhibin
Published: February 2020

Background and Objectives

This study aimed to assess right ventricular (RV) diastolic dysfunction in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) using velocity vector imaging (VVI) and to evaluate the application of VVI technology.

Methods

According to the apnea–hypopnea index (AHI), 69 patients with OSAS were divided into three groups: mild, moderate, and severe. A total of 35 cases of healthy subjects were enrolled as the control group. Digital images of apex four‐chamber views were acquired to measure the peak early diastolic strain rate (RV‐SRe), late diastolic strain rate(RV‐SRa), and RV‐SRe/RV‐SRa using VVI.

Results

RV‐SRe, RV‐Sra, and RV‐SRe/RV‐SRa were decreasing along with the disease severity. RV‐SRe, RV‐SRe/RV‐SRa in moderate and severe OSAS group showed lower than control and mild OSAS groups. RV‐SRa in severe OSAS group showed lower than control group. RV‐SRe had the best correlation with AHI than other parameters.

Conclusions

Right ventricular diastolic dysfunction starts before the development of heart failure and pulmonary hypertension in patients with OSAS. RV‐SRe was the parameter that may reflect subclinical myocardial dysfunction and can better reflect RV diastolic dysfunction.
Where is the right ventricle? Accurate diagnosis with cardiovascular multimodality imaging
Authors: Güner Ahmet , Topel Çağdaş , Cansever Aysel Türkvatan , Güner Ezgi Gültekin , Tüfekcioğlu Omaç , Ertürk Mehmet , Güler Gamze Babür
Published: February 2020

Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a globally unattended disease with significant rates of morbidity and mortality. It has a higher prevalence in tropical and subtropical countries compared to the rest of the world. Endomyocardial fibrosis can affect the atrioventricular valves, along with all four chambers of the heart, but spares the myocardium. Patients currently undergo symptomatic treatment with diuretics and vasodilators to enhance quality of life, although medical therapy alone is associated with poor prognosis. Hence, patients with severe symptoms prefer surgical treatment. Modern multimodality imaging, however, can help these definitions to be made more accurately.
Does the BRRD affect the retail banking business model in the Euro area?
Authors: Tropeano Domenica
Published: February 2020

This paper discusses how the introduction of the Banking Recovery and Resolution Directive (BRRD) in European Union legislation may change the retail banking business model, which is the most prevalent model in Southern European countries. The main point is the treatment of deposits in the BRRD. Uninsured deposits may be written down or converted into equity in case of resolution of a bank. This contrasts with the treatment of other short‐term liabilities, in particular repurchase agreements. Short maturity repos are excluded from the bail‐in, regardless of their size. Also, liabilities related to securities lending and derivatives are given privileged treatment. It is argued that this will be an advantage for wholesale and investment banks, which use these types of short‐term funding largely to finance asset purchases. Moreover, it will severely hit retail banking business models of various types by undermining the trust of depositors in the bank, causing bank runs whenever rumours circulate about financial distress situations, thus increasing its cost of funding and lowering the value of its shares. Therefore, to avoid runs on repos, runs on banks are resurging.
Political efficacy and the persistence of turnout shocks
Authors: Garmann Sebastian
Published: February 2020

Whether voter turnout is sticky, that is, whether turnout shocks persist over time, is important both for the evaluation of institutional reforms and to inform about assumptions in behavioral models of turnout. This study examines an exogenous and large turnout boost caused by combining a high‐office with a low‐office election, but does not find that this contemporaneous turnout boost per se persists at subsequent, nonconcurrent low‐office elections. Heterogeneity analyses rather show that the effect is conditional on the closeness of the low‐office election: Close elections lead to positive turnout persistence, while clearly decided races even discourage from voting in the next election. An explanation is that the turnout boost causes voters to update their beliefs about the probability of being pivotal.
Two‐year diagnostic stability in a real‐world sample of individuals with early psychosis
Authors: Cawkwell Philip B. , Bolton Kirsten W. , Karmacharya Rakesh , Öngür Dost , Shinn Ann K.
Published: February 2020

Objectives

Diagnostic shifts in first episode psychosis (FEP) are not uncommon. Many studies examining diagnostic stability use structured diagnostic interviews. Less is known about the stability of FEP diagnoses made clinically.

Methods

We conducted a retrospective chart review of patients enrolled in a transdiagnostic FEP clinic. For the 96 patients followed clinically at least 2 years, we compared diagnoses at intake and 24 months.

Results

Diagnostic stability was high for bipolar disorder (89%), schizoaffective disorder (89%), and schizophrenia (82%). Psychosis not otherwise specified (13%) was more unstable, with limited baseline differences that would enable clinicians to predict who would convert to a primary psychotic vs affective psychotic disorder.

Conclusions

Our real‐world clinical sample shows that FEP diagnoses, with the exception of unspecified psychosis, are diagnostically stable, even without structured diagnostic interviews.
Acceptability, safety and perceived impact of providing a fact sheet to young people about cognitive symptoms in depression
Authors: Bryce Shayden , Cooke Melanie , Yuen Hok Pan , Allott Kelly
Published: February 2020

Aim

Cognitive deficits are common in young people, aged 15‐25, with depression. Nevertheless, these symptoms are not routinely addressed in clinical care. This study examined the acceptability, safety, and reported impact on cognitive knowledge and strategy use, of a newly developed fact sheet (Thinking about Thinking Skills in Depression) for young people with depression.

Method

Twenty‐three participants, aged 15‐25 years old (M = 19.6, SD = 3.2), receiving community‐based treatment for a depressive disorder were delivered the fact sheet by their case manager and completed pre‐ and post‐assessments conducted 3 weeks apart. Primary outcomes included: acceptability, safety, subjective distress, knowledge of cognition and use of, and confidence in using, cognitive strategies. Exploratory outcomes included depression symptoms, perceived cognitive difficulties, self‐efficacy and self‐esteem. Case manager perspectives were obtained using an anonymous online survey.

Results

Participant experiences of the fact sheet were favourable. Most reported that the amount of content provided was appropriate (91%), looked at the fact sheet again after receiving it (83%), and tried at least one strategy (57%). Participants reported significant improvements in their knowledge of cognitive difficulties and a greater use of, and confidence in using, cognitive strategies. Distress did not change following fact sheet delivery, supporting safety. Perceived improvements in depression symptoms and cognitive deficits, but not self‐esteem or self‐efficacy, were revealed. Case manager perspectives were also positive.

Conclusion

Written fact sheet resources are an acceptable, safe and pragmatic method of delivering information about cognitive difficulties to young people with depression.
Ontological difference, anthropological difference, and equal liberty
Authors: Balibar Étienne
Published: February 2020

In this lecture, the author seeks to articulate in a systematic manner, although still tentative, the three ideas about which he has been developing his personal philosophy in the last period: “Ontological difference”, which after Heidegger and Derrida needs to become redefined in terms of a quasi‐transcendental problematic of alterity; “anthropological difference”, which covers the wholerange of oppositions which at the same time are inseparable from a representation of the “human” and impossible to define as invariable binaries; “equal liberty”, the combination of heterogeneous values which, since Ancient democracies and Modern republican insurrections, has installed the tension of emancipation at the heart of the political institution.
Rethinking Kant's distinction between the beauty of art and the beauty of nature
Authors: Halper Aaron
Published: February 2020

This paper argues that Kant presents two different accounts of beauty, one that applies properly to art and one that applies properly to nature. The judgment of beauty that applies properly to nature can be free and thus judged without concepts. The work of art, however, is judged beautiful when it expresses aesthetic ideas. This distinction then enables me to explain several problematic passages in Kant's text: those that serve to distinguish these two conceptions of beauty from one another as well as those passages in which Kant views them as overlapping. With respect to the latter, I argue that Kant lays especial significance on cases where we apply the conception of artistic beauty to natural objects, as in doing so we view nature as expressing ideas that step beyond nature.
Angiosperm speciation cools down in the tropics
Authors: Igea Javier , Tanentzap Andrew J.
Published: February 2020

Recent evidence has questioned whether the Latitudinal Diversity Gradient (LDG), whereby species richness increases towards the Equator, results in higher rates of speciation in the tropics. Allowing for time heterogeneity in speciation rate estimates for over 60,000 angiosperm species, we found that the LDG does not arise from variation in speciation rates because lineages do not speciate faster in the tropics. These results were consistently retrieved using two other methods to test the association between occupancy of tropical habitats and speciation rates. Our speciation rate estimates were robust to the effects of both undescribed species and missing taxa. Overall, our results show that speciation rates follow an opposite pattern to global variation in species richness. Greater ecological opportunity in the temperate zones, stemming from less saturated communities, higher species turnover or greater environmental change, may ultimately explain these results.
miR‐155 overexpression is followed by downregulation of its target gene, NFE2L2, and altered pattern of VEGFA expression in the liver of melanoma B16‐bearing mice at the premetastatic stage
Authors: Aksenenko Mariya B. , Palkina Nadezhda V. , Sergeeva Olga N. , Yu Sergeeva Ekaterina , Kirichenko Andrey K. , Ruksha Tatiana G.
Published: February 2020

MicroRNAs are involved in the control of tumour progression and in metastatic cascade dynamics. However, the role of microRNAs in distant organ reorganization at the premetastatic stage is less clear, although the process of premetastatic niche formation is a crucial event according to modern concepts of tumour dissemination. The role of the present study was to investigate the expression levels of miR‐155, miR‐21, miR‐205 and miR‐let7b, as well as that of their target genes, in target organs of melanoma metastasis at the premetastatic stage. The expression levels of both the pro‐oncogenic miR‐155 and the tumour suppressive miR‐205 were found to be altered in the premetastatic liver of melanoma B16‐bearing mice. Bioinformatics analysis identified the target genes of miR‐155 to be nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2 (NFE2L2), secretogranin II, miR‐205, semaphorin 5A and vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA). Among those, the redox status regulatory factor NFE2L2 was downregulated, which corresponded to increased levels of miR‐155. Due to the ability of pro‐oxidative events to initiate angiogenesis, VEGFA levels were evaluated in the premetastatic liver by immunohistochemistry, which revealed increased VEGFA expression in the central parts of the organ and diminished expression in the periphery. Taken together, these findings may support the concept of functional organ reorganization due to melanoma progression.
Scleroderma renal crisis: observations from the South Australian Scleroderma Register
Authors: Khadra Yassmin , Walker Jennifer G. , Hakendorf Paul , Proudman Susanna , Rischmueller Maureen , Hill Catherine L. , Whittle Samuel , Pontifex Eliza , Roberts‐Thomson Peter J.
Published: February 2020

Background

Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a rare but feared complication with high morbidity and mortality. Its aetiopathogenesis is unclear.

Aim

To investigate epidemiological, serologic and clinical features of all patients with SRC listed on the population‐based South Australian Scleroderma Register and to examine possible factors in aetiopathogenesis.

Method

A case note review was performed on all SRC patients with relevant data extracted to determine incidence, clinical phenotype, presence of autoantibodies and survival. Possible precipitating and aetiopathogenic factors were also examined. Data from the South Australian Scleroderma Register and Australia Bureau of Statistics was sourced for comparative purposes.

Results

Over the 34‐year period (1985–2018), 30 patients (21 females, 9 males) presented with SRC giving a South Australian mean annual incidence of 0.58/million/year (95% CI 0.39–0.89). Twenty‐eight of these patients had diffuse cutaneous scleroderma and two with limited cutaneous scleroderma. The mean age at first symptom of scleroderma was 51.2 ± 15.9 (mean ± SD) years with SRC occurring 4.6 years later (median = 3.0 years, range 0.1–20 years). Possible precipitating factors for SRC included high dose steroids in five patients. Twelve patients were anti‐ RNA polymerase3 (RNAPol3) positive and two were anti‐topoisomerase 1 (Topo1) positive. Renal outcome was poor with 13 patients requiring renal replacement therapy and two proceeding to renal transplantation. The mean age at death was 61.2 ± 11.6 years with SRC patient survival being significantly shorter than patients with diffuse scleroderma without renal involvement (P = 0.002). There was no significant difference in survival between the 1985–2002 and the 2003–2018 SRC cohorts (P = 0.2). Nailfold capillaroscopy performed in 10 patients revealed extensive microvascular damage with prominent capillary drop out.

Conclusion

SRC is a rare occurrence with an incidence of 0.58/million/year in South Australia. This frequency has not changed over time. It continues to have a severe adverse outcome with frequent requirement for renal replacement therapy and poor survival. Nailfold capillaroscopy revealed evidence of extensive capillary damage. No improvement in survival was observed over the 34‐year study period.
A nationwide survey on therapeutic drug monitoring of anti‐tumour necrosis factor agents for inflammatory bowel disease
Authors: Thomas Pepijn W. A. , Chin Paul K. L. , Barclay Murray L.
Published: February 2020

Background

Routine therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during treatment with anti‐tumour necrosis factor (anti‐TNF) agents in inflammatory bowel disease may increase treatment efficacy and cost‐effectiveness, and reduce the risk of loss of response.

Aims

To assess the current use of anti‐TNF agent TDM, including trough concentration and anti‐drug antibodies, among gastroenterology practitioners in New Zealand.

Methods

A web‐based survey was delivered to gastroenterologists and advanced trainees in New Zealand, identified by the New Zealand Society of Gastroenterology.

Results

The response rate was 36% (48/134). Adalimumab was the most common initial anti‐TNF agent used (78%, infliximab 22%). Ninety‐three percent of those who completed the survey used TDM, mainly in cases of non‐response or loss or response. Most respondents (93% and 83% for adalimumab and infliximab, respectively) measured trough concentrations within 24 h prior to the next administration. In patients in clinical remission but with endoscopic inflammation on anti‐TNF agents, 72% would measure drug concentrations. In the presence of anti‐drug antibodies, 45% would add an immunomodulator in patients with active disease and 47% would add an immunomodulator in patients in remission. With low trough concentrations, 77% would make no changes if the patient was in remission, and 75% would increase the dose in case of active disease.

Conclusion

TDM was routinely used among inflammatory bowel disease gastroenterology clinicians who responded to this survey. However, interpretation of results and decision‐making is variable, suggesting more guidance is required.
Recovery training or over‐training? The contribution of TLR10 to monocyte fitness
Authors: Rodgers Lewis , Milling Simon
Published: February 2020

The concept of trained immunity refers to remodelling of the monocyte and macrophage metabolic and epigenetic landscape, conferring an amplified inflammatory response upon secondary stimulation. This effect is typically modelled in vitro by stimulating monocytes with either Bacillus Calmette Guerin (BCG) or β‐Glucan for 24 hr, before subsequent stimulation with LPS or Pam‐3‐Cys (P3C) as a secondary stimulus 6 days later. Here, we focus on a recent paper which interrogated the role of the anti‐inflammatory TLR, TLR10, on trained immunity. Using both an in vitro model of trained immunity, and analysis of BCG vaccinated individuals, the authors interestingly demonstrate that, despite its ability to regulate aspects of innate immunity, TLR10 does not have a significant role in this process.
Differential influence of Slc7a11 expression and body condition on pheomelanin‐based pigmentation in two Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea populations with different predation risk
Authors: Galván Ismael , Sanz Juan José
Published: February 2020

The expression of the gene Slc7a11 promotes the antioxidant capacity of cells by providing them with cysteine that can be used for the synthesis of glutathione (GSH), the most important intracellular antioxidant. In melanocytes, intracellular cysteine can also enter melanosomes and get incorporated in the pheomelanin pigment synthesis pathway, thus decreasing cysteine availability for GSH synthesis and potentially creating chronic oxidative stress. We thus hypothesized that a mechanism limiting the use of intramelanocytic cysteine for pheomelanin synthesis in environmental conditions generating oxidative stress may be physiologically advantageous and favored by natural selection. Here we searched for evidence of such a mechanism by comparing the influence of melanocytic Slc7a11 expression on pheomelanin‐based pigmentation in developing Eurasian nuthatch Sitta europaea nestlings from two populations differing in predation risk, a natural source of oxidative stress. Pheomelanin synthesis and pigmentation tended to increase with Slc7a11 expression in the low‐risk population as expected from the activity of this gene, but decreased with Slc7a11 expression in the high‐risk population. The same was not observed in the expression of five other genes influencing pheomelanin synthesis without affecting cysteine availability in melanocytes. The influence of body condition on the intensity of pheomelanin‐based pigmentation also differed between populations, being positive in the low‐risk population and negative in the high‐risk population. The resulting pigmentation of birds was more intense in the high‐risk population. These findings suggest that birds perceiving high predation risk may limit the use of cysteine for pheomelanin synthesis, which becomes independent of Slc7a11 expression. Some birds may have thus evolved the ability to adjust their pigmentation phenotype to environmental stress.
How different rearing temperatures affect growth and stress status of Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii larvae
Authors: Aidos Lucia , Cafiso Alessandra , Bertotto Daniela , Bazzocchi Chiara , Radaelli Giuseppe , Di Giancamillo Alessia
Published: February 2020

Environmental temperature is one of the critical factors affecting fish development. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of three different rearing temperatures (16, 19 and 22°C) throughout the endogenous feeding phase of the Siberian sturgeon Acipenser baerii. This was performed by assessing (a) larval survival and growth; (b) immunofluorescence localization and expression of genes involved in muscle development and growth – myog and Igf1; and (c) stress status through the expression of thermal stress genes – Hsp70, Hsp90α and Hsp90β – and whole body cortisol. Overall survival rate and larval weight did not differ significantly across temperatures. Larvae subjected to 22°C showed faster absorption of the yolk‐sac than larvae subjected to 19 or 16°C. Both at schooling and at the end of the trial, larvae reared at 16°C showed significantly lower levels of cortisol than those reared at 19 or 22°C. IGF‐1 immunopositivity was particularly evident in red muscle at schooling stage in all temperatures. The expression of all Hsps as well as the myog and Igf1 genes was statistically higher in larvae reared at 16°C but limited to the schooling stage. Cortisol levels were higher in larvae at 22°C, probably because of the higher metabolism demand rather than a stress response. The observed apparent incongruity between Hsps gene expression and cortisol levels could be due to the lack of a mature system. Further studies are necessary, especially regarding the exogenous feeding phase, in order to better understand if this species is actually sensitive to thermal stress.
Low‐temperature drying characteristics of mint leaves in a continuous‐dehumidified air drying system
Authors: Venkatachalam Suresh Kannan , Thottipalayam Vellingri Arjunan , Selvaraj Vijayan
Published: February 2020

Low‐temperature drying seems a better alternative option for drying heat labile products, especially leafy vegetables. In this article, the thin layer drying characteristics of mint leaves are studied using a continuous‐dehumidified air produced by molecular sieve 13X based heatless pressure swing adsorption (PSA) system. The PSA system consists of an air compressor with after cooler, two adsorber towers, and drying chamber. The optimum process parameters of adsorption system are identified through Box Wilson Central Composite experimental design to produce continuous‐dehumidified air suitable for low‐temperature drying applications ranging from 35 to 37°C dry bulb temperature and 0.1% rh. The performance indices of the PSA system such as thermal effectiveness and dehumidification efficiency at optimal conditions are observed as 0.884 and 96.40%, respectively. The effect of the volume flow rate of continuous‐dehumidified air on mint leaves drying characteristics is also studied, and the initial moisture content of leaves is reduced from 83.45% (wb) to less than 10% (wb) in 6 hr at the volume flow rate of 0.160 m3/min. The effective moisture diffusivity value for varied volume flow rates of air is varying from 2.07534 × 10−11 to 3.45817 × 10−11 m2/s. The ascorbic acid retention percentage in dried mint leaves is increased with increase in volume flow rate of dehumidified air, and the maximum of 70.11% is achieved at 0.160 m3/min. Based on the regression analysis, the most suitable drying model to describe the low‐temperature drying characteristics of mint leaves is the Midilli and Kucuk model. It is noted that the low‐temperature drying is the most appropriate drying method for retaining the good amount of ascorbic acid.

Practical applications

Highly suitable for heat‐sensitive products' drying especially medicinal herbs, spicy (leafy) vegetables.

Production of continuous‐dehumidified air (with ultra‐low dew point) for sensitive applications like pharmaceutical, lithium battery manufacturing, defense, chemicals, electronics, leather, and so forth.