bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
تأثير طريقة الري على الإنتاجية والنوعية لنخيل البلح " صنف سكرية "
Authors: جلال محمد البدري باصهي جلال محمد البدري باصهي
Published: February 2020

تم إجراء تجربة حقية لمدة ثلاث سنوات في محطة الأبحاث الزراعية بهدى الشام بهدف دراسة أثر طريقة الري على إنتاجية ونوعية نخيل البلح صنف سكرية. حيث استخدمت ثلاث طرق ري مختلفة ( سطحي، ونبع، وتنقيط) لري أشجار النخيل، ذات العمر 14 سنة. حيث تم استخدام تصميم القطاعات العشوائية الكاملة في أربع مكررات لمدة ثلاث سنوات. وقد أوضحت النتائج عدم وجود تأثير معنوي لنظم الري على محصول النخيل من البلح، ووزن، وحجم، وقطر الثمرةن وكذلك نسبة اللحم في كل سنة من الثلاث سنوات. وكذلك لم يكن هناك تأثير معنوي لنظم الري على النسبة المئوية للرطوبة، المادة الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ودرجة الحموضة للثمار في السنة الأولى، بينما كان هناك تأثير معنوي لنظم الري على النسبة المئوية للرطوبة فقط في السنة الثانية وفي السنة الثالثة كان هناك تأثير معنوي لنظم الري على درجة الحموضة فقط.
دراسات على إزهار وإثمار بعض أصناف الرمان المحلية والمستوردة
Authors: محمد علي أحمد باشه محمد علي أحمد باشه
Published: February 2020

أجرى هذا البحث بكلية الزراعة ـ جامعة الملك سعود على ستة أصناف من الرمان ، أربعة منها محلية وهي : أحمر بلدي ، حامض أبيض ، خب الجميل والمدينة واثنان مستوردان من أسبانيا هما : مولر وديجاتيفا وذلك خلال موسمي 1989 و 1990م . وقدتم دراسة طبيعة حمل الأزهار والثمار وتقدير المحصول والصفات الطبيعية والكيميائة للثمار في هذه الأصناف. وقد أوضحت النتائج المتحصل عليها أن طبيعة حمل البراعم الزهرية تختلف من صنف إلى آخر حيث يمكن أن تحمل الأزهار على أفرع حديثة النمو أو أفرع عمرها سنة أو أكثر ( طرفياً أو جانبياً). كما وجد أن النسبة بين 18 إلى 53% في الأصناف المختلفة، كما اختلف متوسط محصول الأشجار من صنف لآخر حيث تراوح من 6.49 إلى 36.12 كجم لكل شجرة خلال موسمي الدراسة. بالإضافة إلى ذلك وجد أن الصفات الطبيعية للثمار ( الوزن ، الطول ، القطر ، حجم العصير ) والصفات الكيميائية ( المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية ، الحموضة ، فيتامين ج والنسبة بين المواد الصلبة الذائبة الكلية إلى الحموضة ) قد اختلفت من صنف إلى آخر . وقد درست أيضا المتغيرات الموسمية للصفات الطبيعية والكيميائية للثمار خلال مراحل نموها ونضجها ووجد أن جميع هذه الصفات تتغير من مرحلة لأخرى وكان الاتجاه الغالب لهذه التغيرات متشابه تقريبا في جميع الأصناف.
دراسة استطلاعية لإعداد خريطة جيومورفولوجية لمنطقة سهل المطران ، المملكة العربية السعودية ، مبنية على أساس بيانات الاستشعار عن بعد
Authors: عاصم يحيى بخاري عاصم يحيى بخاري
Published: February 2020

تبين هذه الدراسة إمكانية استخدام وتطبيق الاستشعار عن بعد في البحوث الجيومورفولوجية لمنطقة تقع ضمن مربع سهل المطران ، في المنطقة الغربية للمملكة العربية السعودية وتدخل فيها مدينة العلا . وتشرح الدراسة بالتفصيل الخطوات والإجراءات العملية التي اتخذت لاستخدام بيانات قواعد المعلومات ومعالجتها وتحليلها وتقييم النتائج من وجهة النظر الموفولوجية. كما تم تطير نظام التصنيف الجيومورفولوجي واستخدامه في تفسير خرائط التكوينات الأرضية ، وقد ساندت الصور الفوتوغرافية متعددة الوجهات الناتج التي توصل إليها .
قدرات النمو والتناسل وإنتاج البيض في السمان الياباني
Authors: طريف عبد العزيز شما طريف عبد العزيز شما
Published: February 2020

استخدم في هذه الدراسة عدد 2110 طائر من السمان الياباني تم إنتاجها خلال ثلاثة أجيال متعاقبة وقد تم تقييم قدرات النمو من خلال تسجيل أوزان الجسم عند أعمار مختلفة إلى جانب معدل النمو خلال فترات النمو المختلفة. كما تمت دراسة خصائص الذبيحة وإنتاج البيض ونسبة الخصوبة ونسبة الفقس ومتوسط وزن الكتاكيت عند الفقس لكل دجاجة. وكان متوسط وزن الجسم الأسبوعي 8.07 ، 21.97 ، 43.22 ، 78.22 ، 107.15 ، 122.98 ، 134.98 جرام من الفقس حتى الأسبوع السادس من العمر. وكان متوسط معدل النمو اليومي المقدر كل أسبوعين 2.51 ، 4.57 ، 1.97 ، 3.02 جرام / يوم خلال فترات النمو من الفقس حتى الأسبوع السادس ومن الفقس إلى 6 أسابيع. وارتفع معدل النمو اليومي في الإناث عنه في الذكور بدرجة عالية المعنوية خلال جميع فترات النمو المختلفة ، وكان معدل النمو من الفقس وحتى 6 أسابيع ومن الفقس إلى 6 أسابيع ، واختلفت الأجيال بصورة عالية المعنوية في نسبة تصافي الذبيحة حيث بلغت 63.6 ، 64.9 ، 66.3 خلال الثالثة أجيال على التوالي. كانت نسبة البروتين والدهن والرطوبة في اللحم 23.06 ، 8.99 ، 66.05. كان متوسط العمر عند أول بيضة ونسبة الخصوبة ونسبة الفقس 45.7 يوم و 84.91 على التوالي. وكان متوسط إنتاج البيض خلال 70 يوم 50.9 ، 59.3 ، 60.1 بيضة خلال الثلاثة أجيال على التوالي.
A new look at the environmental conditions favorable to secondary ice production
Authors: Korolev Alexei , Heckman Ivan , Wolde Mengistu , Ackerman Andrew S. , Fridlind Ann M. , Ladino Luis A. , Lawson R. Paul , Milbrandt Jason , Williams Earle
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study attempts a new identification of mechanisms of
secondary ice production (SIP) based on the observation of small faceted ice
crystals (hexagonal plates or columns) with typical sizes smaller than 100 µm. Due to their young age, such small ice crystals can be used as
tracers for identifying the conditions for SIP. Observations reported here
were conducted in oceanic tropical mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and midlatitude frontal clouds in the temperature range from 0 to
−15 ∘C and heavily seeded by aged ice particles. It was found that
in both MCSs and frontal clouds, SIP was observed right above the melting
layer and extended to higher altitudes with colder temperatures. The roles
of six possible mechanisms to generate the SIP particles are assessed using
additional observations. In most observed SIP cases, small secondary ice
particles spatially correlated with liquid-phase, vertical updrafts and aged
rimed ice particles. However, in many cases, neither graupel nor liquid
drops were observed in the SIP regions, and therefore, the conditions for an
active Hallett–Mossop process were not met. In many cases, large
concentrations of small pristine ice particles were observed right above the melting layer, starting at temperatures as warm as −0.5 ∘C. It is
proposed that the initiation of SIP above the melting layer is stimulated by
the recirculation of large liquid drops through the melting layer with
convective turbulent updrafts. After re-entering a supercooled environment
above the melting layer, they impact with aged ice, freeze, and shatter. The size of the splinters generated during SIP was estimated as 10 µm or
less. A principal conclusion of this work is that only the freezing-drop-shattering mechanism could be clearly supported by the airborne in situ
observations.
Analysis of 24 years of mesopause region OH rotational temperature observations at Davis, Antarctica. Part 2: Evidence of a quasi-quadrennial oscillation (QQO) in the polar mesosphere
Authors: French W. John R. , Klekociuk Andrew R. , Mulligan Frank J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Observational evidence of a quasi-quadrennial oscillation (QQO) in the polar mesosphere is presented based on the analysis of 24 years of hydroxyl (OH) nightglow rotational temperatures derived from scanning spectrometer observations above Davis Research Station, Antarctica (68° S, 78° E). After removal of long term trend and solar cycle responses, the residual winter mean temperature variability contains an oscillation over an approximately 3.5–4.5 year cycle with an amplitude of 3–4 K. Here we investigate this QQO feature in the context of the global temperature, pressure, wind and surface fields using the Aura/MLS and TIMED/SABER satellite data, ERA5 reanalysis and the Extended-Reconstructed Sea Surface Temperature and Optimally-Interpolated sea ice concentration data sets. We find a significant anti-correlation between the QQO and the meridional wind at 86 km altitude measured by a medium frequency spaced antenna radar at Davis. The QQO signal is also correlated with vertical transport as determined from evaluation of carbon monoxide (CO) concentrations in the mesosphere. Together this relationship suggesting that a substantial part of the QQO is the result of adiabatic heating and cooling driven by the meridional flow. The presence of quasi-stationary or persistent patterns in the ERA5 data geopotential anomaly and the meridional wind anomaly data during warm and cold phases of the QQO suggests a tidal or planetary wave influence in its formation, which may act on the filtering of gravity waves to drive an adiabatic response in the mesosphere. The QQO signal potentially arises from an ocean-atmosphere response, and appears to have a signature in Antarctic sea ice extent.
Combining atmospheric and snow layer radiative transfer models to
assess the solar radiative effects of black carbon in the Arctic
Authors: Donth Tobias , Jäkel Evelyn , Ehrlich André , Heinold Bernd , Schacht Jacob , Herber Andreas , Zanatta Marco , Wendisch Manfred
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Solar radiative effects (cooling or warming) of black carbon (BC) particles suspended in the Arctic atmosphere and surface snow layer were explored by radiative transfer simulations on the basis of BC mass concentrations measured in pristine early summer and polluted early spring conditions under cloudless and cloudy conditions. To account for the radiative interactions between the black carbon containing snow surface layer and the atmosphere, a snow layer and an atmospheric radiative transfer model were coupled iteratively. For pristine summer conditions (no atmospheric BC) and a representative BC particle mass concentration of 5 ng g−1 in the surface snow layer, a positive solar radiative effect of +0.2 W m−2 was calculated for the surface radiative budget. Contrarily, a higher load of atmospheric BC representing springtime conditions, results in a slightly negative radiative effect of about −0.05 W m−2, even when the same BC mass concentration is suspended in the surface snow layer. This counteracting of atmospheric BC and BC suspended in the snow layer strongly depends on the snow optical properties determined by the snow specific surface area. However, it was found, that the atmospheric heating rate by water vapor or clouds is one to two orders of magnitude larger than that by atmospheric BC. Similarly, the total heating rate (6 K day−1) within a snow pack due to absorption by the ice water, was found to be more than one order of magnitude larger than the heating rate of suspended BC (0.2 K day−1). The role of clouds in the estimation of the combined direct radiative BC effect (BC in snow and in atmosphere) was analyzed for the pristine early summer and the polluted early spring BC conditions. Both, the cooling effect by atmospheric BC, as well as the warming effect by BC suspended in snow are reduced in the presence of clouds.
Determining the daytime Earth radiative flux from National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR) measurements
Authors: Su Wenying , Minnis Patrick , Liang Lusheng , Duda David P. , Khlopenkov Konstantin , Thieman Mandana M. , Yu Yinan , Smith Allan , Lorentz Steven , Feldman Daniel , Valero Francisco P. J.
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The National Institute of Standards and Technology Advanced Radiometer (NISTAR) onboard the Deep Space Climate Observatory (DSCOVR) provides continuous full-disk global broadband irradiance measurements over most of the sunlit side of the Earth. The three active cavity radiometers measure the total radiant energy from the sunlit side of the Earth in shortwave (SW; 0.2–4 µm), total (0.4–100 µm), and near-infrared (NIR; 0.7–4 µm) channels. The Level 1 NISTAR dataset provides the filtered radiances (the ratio between irradiance and solid angle). To determine the daytime top-of-atmosphere (TOA) shortwave and longwave radiative fluxes, the NISTAR-measured shortwave radiances must be unfiltered first. An unfiltering algorithm was developed for the NISTAR SW and NIR channels using a spectral radiance database calculated for typical Earth scenes. The resulting unfiltered NISTAR radiances are then converted to full-disk daytime SW and LW flux by accounting for the anisotropic characteristics of the Earth-reflected and emitted radiances. The anisotropy factors are determined using scene identifications determined from multiple low-Earth orbit and geostationary satellites as well as the angular distribution models (ADMs) developed using data collected by the Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES).
Global annual daytime mean SW fluxes from NISTAR are about 6 % greater than those from CERES, and both show strong diurnal variations with daily maximum–minimum differences as great as 20 Wm−2 depending on the conditions of the sunlit portion of the Earth. They are also highly correlated, having correlation coefficients of 0.89, indicating that they both capture the diurnal variation.
Global annual daytime mean LW fluxes from NISTAR are 3 % greater than those from CERES, but the correlation between them is only about 0.38.
Towards improved turbulence estimation with Doppler wind lidar VAD scans
Authors: Wildmann Norman , Päschke Eileen , Roiger Anke , Mallaun Christian
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The retrieval of turbulence parameters with profiling Doppler wind lidars (DWL) is of high interest for boundarylayer meteorology and its applications. The DWL measurements extend beyond the observations with meteorological masts and are comparably flexible in their installation. Velocity-azimuth display (VAD) type scans can be used to retrieve turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) dissipation rate through a fit of measured azimuth structure functions to a theoretical model. At the elevation angle of 35.3° it is also possible to derive TKE. We show in this study how modifications to existing methods allow to retrieve TKE and its dissipation rate even with a small number of scans, how a simple correction for advection improves the results at low altitudes and that VAD scans at different elevation angles with the same instrument provide comparable results of TKE dissipation rate after all filters and corrections. For this purpose, data of two experiments are utilized: First, measurements at the Observatory Lindenberg – Richard-Aßmann Observatory (MOL-RAO) are used for validation of the DWL retrieval with sonic anemometers on a meteorological mast. Second, distributed measurements of three DWL during the CoMet campaign are analyzed and compared to in-situ measurements of the DLR Cessna Grand Caravan 208B. The comparison to in-situ instruments shows that the methods to improve turbulence retrievals from VAD scans introduced in this study are effective, especially at low altitudes and for narrow cone angles, but it also shows the limits of turbulence measurement with state-ofthe-art DWL in low turbulence regimes.
Partitioning climate projection uncertainty with multiple Large Ensembles and CMIP5/6
Authors: Lehner Flavio , Deser Clara , Maher Nicola , Marotzke Jochem , Fischer Erich , Brunner Lukas , Knutti Reto , Hawkins Ed
Published: February 2020

Abstract. Partitioning uncertainty in projections of future climate change into contributions from internal variability, model response uncertainty, and emissions scenarios has historically relied on making assumptions about forced changes in the mean and variability. With the advent of multiple Single-Model Initial-Condition Large Ensembles (SMILEs), these assumptions can be scrutinized, as they allow a more robust separation between sources of uncertainty. Here, the iconic framework from Hawkins and Sutton (2009) for uncertainty partitioning is revisited for temperature and precipitation projections using seven SMILEs and the Climate Model Intercomparison Projects CMIP5 and CMIP6 archives. The original approach is shown to work well at global scales (potential method error
Paleo-hydrologic reconstruction of 400 years of past flows at a weekly time step for major rivers of Western Canada
Authors: Slaughter Andrew R. , Razavi Saman
Published: February 2020

Abstract. The assumption of stationarity in water resources no
longer holds, particularly within the context of future climate change.
Plausible scenarios of flows that fluctuate outside the envelope of
variability of the gauging data are required to assess the robustness of
water resource systems to future conditions. This study presents a novel
method of generating weekly time step flows based on tree-ring chronology
data. Specifically, this method addresses two long-standing challenges with
paleo-reconstruction: (i) the typically limited predictive power of
tree-ring data at the annual and sub-annual scale and (ii) the inflated
short-term persistence in tree-ring time series and improper use of
pre-whitening. Unlike the conventional approach, this method establishes
relationships between tree-ring chronologies and naturalized flow at a
biennial scale to preserve persistence properties and variability of
hydrological time series. Biennial flow reconstructions are further
disaggregated to weekly flow reconstructions, according to the weekly flow distribution of
reference 2-year instrumental periods, identified as periods with broadly
similar tree-ring properties to those of every 2-year paleo-period. The
Saskatchewan River basin (SaskRB) in Western Canada is selected as a study
area, and weekly flows in its four major tributaries are extended back to
the year 1600. The study shows that the reconstructed flows properly
preserve the statistical properties of the reference flows, particularly in terms of
short- to long-term persistence and the structure of variability across timescales. An ensemble approach is presented to represent the uncertainty
inherent in the statistical relationships and disaggregation method. The
ensemble of reconstructed weekly flows are publicly available for download
from https://doi.org/10.20383/101.0139 (Slaughter and Razavi,
2019).
Soil moisture and hydrology projections of the permafrost region – a model intercomparison
Authors: Andresen Christian G. , Lawrence David M. , Wilson Cathy J. , McGuire A. David , Koven Charles , Schaefer Kevin , Jafarov Elchin , Peng Shushi , Chen Xiaodong , Gouttevin Isabelle , Burke Eleanor , Chadburn Sarah , Ji Duoying , Chen Guangsheng , Hayes Daniel , Zhang Wenxin
Published: February 2020

Abstract. This study investigates and compares soil moisture and hydrology projections of broadly used land models with permafrost processes and highlights the causes and impacts of permafrost zone soil moisture projections. Climate models project warmer temperatures and increases in precipitation (P) which will intensify evapotranspiration (ET) and runoff in land models. However, this study shows that most models project a long-term drying of the surface soil (0–20 cm) for the permafrost region despite increases in the net air–surface water flux (P-ET). Drying is generally explained by infiltration of moisture to deeper soil layers as the active layer deepens or permafrost thaws completely. Although most models agree on drying, the projections vary strongly in magnitude and spatial pattern. Land models tend to agree with decadal runoff trends but underestimate runoff volume when compared to gauge data across the major Arctic river basins, potentially indicating model structural limitations. Coordinated efforts to address the ongoing challenges presented in this study will help reduce uncertainty in our capability to predict the future Arctic hydrological state and associated land–atmosphere biogeochemical processes across spatial and temporal scales.
Urocystis cumminsii sp. nov., a smut fungus on Themidaceae from Arizona
Authors: Savchenko Kyryll G. , Harper Sylena R. , Carris Lori M. , Castlebury Lisa A.
Published: February 2020

The morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a species of Urocystis on Dichelostemma capitatum (Themidaceae, Asparagales) collected in the Tucson Mountains in Arizona, United States, were studied using microscopy and ITS rDNA sequence analyses. This
is a first record for smut fungi on hosts from Themidaceae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data revealed its basal position in relation to species on Poaceae. As a result, the smut in leaves of Dichelostemma capitatum is described and illustrated
here as a new species, Urocystis cumminsii.
Dictyostelids from Jilin Province, China 3: new Cavenderia and Dictyostelium records
Authors: Liu Pu , Zhang Shunhang , Li Zhuang , Zou Yue , Kang Xueping , Li Yu
Published: February 2020

Cavenderia parvispora, Dictyostelium vermiforme, and D. dimigraforme, isolated from samples of soil collected in Jilin Province, China, represent new records from China. Descriptions and illustrations based on these isolates are provided.
Records of Aureobasidium harposporum , Sarcophoma miribelii , and Stigmina dothideoides from Turkey
Authors: Erdoğdu Makbule , Ulukapı Merve , Karayel Ali Ihsan , Suludere Zekiye
Published: February 2020

During field studies on the microfungi in Mucur District of Kirşehir Province, Aureobasidium harposporum, and Stigmina dothideoides were revealed as new records for Turkey; and Sarcophoma miribelii, previously recorded from northeastern Turkey, is reported
from central Turkey. Distinguishing morphological characters of these species are described, and their photographs are provided.
Dendrographium multiseptatum sp. nov. from China
Authors: Ma Li-Guo , Zhang Yue-Li , Zhang Bo , Qi Kai , Li Chang-Song , Qi Jun-Shan
Published: February 2020

A new species, Dendrographium multiseptatum, is described and illustrated from specimens collected on rotten twigs in China. This fungus is characterized by synnematous conidiophores with polytretic conidiogenous cells producing obclavate, 6–9-distoseptate, pale brown conidia.
Haematomma pluriseptatum sp. nov. from China
Authors: Miao Congcong , Tang Rong , Dong Linlin , Ren Zhaojie , Zhao Zuntian
Published: February 2020

A new species, Haematomma pluriseptatum, is described from southwestern China. This corticolous species is characterized by large ascospores with (19–)20–26(–27) septa and by the presence of atranorin, russulone, and pseudoplacodiolic acid. A detailed description
of its morphology, high resolution photographs, chemistry, comments, and distribution are provided. Related lichen taxa are discussed, and a key to the species of Haematomma from China is also provided.
Filsoniana lhasanensis sp. nov. from Tibet, China
Authors: Wen Xue-Mei , Shahidin Hurnisa , Abbas Abdulla
Published: February 2020

A new species, Filsoniana lhasanensis, is described from Tibet, China, where it grows on rocks at altitudes 4200–4432 m. The lichen is characterised by a poorly developed or absent dark orange areolate thallus, lecanorine to zeorine orange to deep-orange aggregated apothecia,
and richly branched and anastomosed paraphyses. DNA was obtained for three gene loci—nuclear internal transcribed spacer (ITS), nuclear large subunit (LSU), and mitochondrial small subunit (SSU). Phylogenetic analyses support the taxon as a new species of Filsoniana .
The Status of Teaching Gifted Students in King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence
Authors: Al-Dhaimat Yahya , Salah Raed Omar , Abutayeh Khaled Asheq
Published: February 2020

The present study aimed to identify the reality of teaching gifted students in King Abdullah II schools for excellence in southern Jordan. The study sample consisted of (98) primary, middle and high school teachers. The results of the study indicated that the level of teaching related to (teaching strategies, physical environment, classroom environment, teacher-specific competencies, and assessment techniques) was high and that the level of teaching of gifted students related to the teaching aids was average. The results of the study also showed that there were no statistically significant differences due to gender, age, academic qualification and specialization variables. Moreover, there were statistically significant differences in the level of teaching attributed to the years of experience variable in favor of those who have less than 5 years of experience. In addition, they showed that there were statistically significant differences in level of teaching among teachers of 20 years of experience and above in relation to the domain of assessment methods. This is attributed to the cumulative experience of teachers as a result of years of experience and the diversity of evaluation methods. As to the gender variable, the results showed no differences in the total dimensions except for the physical environment and the qualifications of the teacher. Thus, this indicated that there were statistically significant differences in the gender variable amongthe teachers of gifted students in favor of female teachers. Furthermore, the researchers recommended that all teachers of gifted students should be trained through holding training courses and workshops to enhance the knowledge and enrichment content of teachers. They also recommended that there is a need to continuously develop the physical environment surrounding gifted students in the schools for excellence in southern Jordan.
El fusilamiento de Maximiliano de Habsburgo visto desde París : inexactitudes y reacciones en la prensa periódica parisina
Authors: García Bahena Samuel Iván
Published: February 2020

La historiografía sobre el fusilamiento de Maximiliano de Habsburgo es abundante; sin embargo, se ha dejado de lado la recepción de la noticia en la prensa parisina. La desinformación y los rumores generaron toda suerte de especulaciones en los periódicos. Quizás por ello, la noticia causó más revuelo en París durante la Exposición Universal de 1867.
Dante y Maquiavelo : lengua y patriotismo en el Renacimiento
Authors: García Jurado Roberto
Published: February 2020

Dante y Maquiavelo son dos personajes fundamentales en la cultura italiana y universal. Aun cuando la aportación de Dante se concentra fundamentalmente en el terreno de la literatura y la de Maquiavelo en la política, hay un punto de coincidencia entre ambos, que es el problema de la lengua y la cultura nacional. Los dos abordaron de manera específica este tema, discrepando en la denominación de la lengua que se usaba en Florencia entre los siglos xiv y xvi, lo cual tenía una repercusión directa en su concepción del patriotismo. En este artículo se analizan sus posturas y la crítica que Maquiavelo dirigió a Dante.
La biblioteca conjetural de Nora Pasternac
Authors: Astey Gabriel
Published: February 2020

Utilizando como motivo conductor la idea de que la biblioteca de un académico refleja su ethos y su cosmovisión, este texto epidíctico celebra la trayectoria intelectual de Nora Pasternac, profesora del Departamento Académico de Lenguas del ITAM
Argentina: como país receptor de inversiones chinas para el desarrollo de videojuegos
Authors: Sanchez Maria Sofía
Published: February 2020

Este documento pretende describir la situación actual de los flujos de Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) en Argentina entre los años 2014-2018, y analiza las oportunidades y los desafíos relacionados para invertir en el país en el desarrollo de videojuegos. Proporcionamos un análisis exhaustivo utilizando los datos brindados por el Banco Mundial, Naciones Unidas, INDEC, OECD, entre otros; con la intención de aclarar los efectos positivos y negativos de invertir en Argentina como país anfitrión para el desarrollo de videojuegos. Apoyamos la opinión de la Asociación de Desarrolladores de Videojuegos Argentinos (ADVA) que mantiene que la industria de los videojuegos ha tenido un fuerte desarrollo en Argentina en la última década, argumentando que Argentina posee la mayoría de los unicornios tecnológicos en América Latina. Este es un recurso bien conectado, particularmente para satisfacer el consumo interno y lograr la exportación trabajando para empresas extranjeras. Aunque el desarrollo de videojuegos ha ayudado a mejorar el desempeño económico en el país, descubrimos que la reciente dependencia del financiamiento externo puede provocar otros problemas debido a la inestabilidad de las inversiones en Argentina y el mercado en constante cambio podría generar incertidumbre en el crecimiento interno. Además, la creciente dependencia de las inversiones extranjeras y la falta de financiamiento del gobierno podrían conducir también al lento crecimiento del sector.
Entropía en los Modelos Macroeconómicos: Otra perspectiva de Función de Producción
Authors: Pomares Calero Martin
Published: February 2020

El amplio concepto de entropía se ha venido desarrollando con gran aplicación en la economía, con diversas visiones, desde aplicar la termodinámica y sus leyes a los sistemas complejos, donde los sistemas económicos son un tipo de ellos, así como para comprender la reversibilidad o irreversibilidad productiva de un sistema en función de su Producto Interno Bruto. En este trabajo se aborda la entropía como una función de producción no neoclásica, para analizar el comportamiento del sistema macroeconómico de Nicaragua comprendido entre el año 2000 y 2010. Con el presente estudio se pudo comprobar la utilidad de la entropía como herramienta no neoclásica de la macroeconomía o bien como un aporte de la econofísica al análisis macroeconómico.
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening rates and factors associated with screening in Eastern Canadian men: Findings from cross-sectional survey data
Authors: Tchir Devan , Farag Marwa , Szafron Michael
Published: February 2020

Introduction: The prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is used in Canada to detect prostate cancer (PCa) despite mixed recommendations. Complications arising from false-positives are common, posing as a cancer-screening concern. This work estimates some Canadian rates of PSA screening and identifies men at increased odds for PSA screening.

Methods: The Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS) from 2009/10 (Atlantic Canada; ATL), 2011/2012 (Ontario; ON), and 2013/2014 (Quebec; QC) were used. Lifetime and recent PSA screening with confidence intervals were constructed to estimate PSA screening in ATL, ON, and QC. Two logistic regression models (for men <50 and ≥50 years of age) were used to determine associations between factors and lifetime PSA screening.

Results: PSA screening rates have increased in most age groups for ATL, ON, and QC since 2000/2001. Factors positively associated with lifetime PSA screening in men of all ages were: having a digital rectal exam, having a regular doctor, and having a colorectal exam. Fruit and vegetables consumption and non-smoking status were positively associated with lifetime PSA screening in men <50 years of age. High income and the presence of chronic health conditions were positively associated with lifetime PSA screening in men ≥50 years of age.

Conclusions: PSA screening rates have generally increased since 2000/2001 in Canada. Physician-related factors play a role in men at all ages, while different factors are associated in men <50 years of age and men ≥50 years of age. Limitations include the generalizability to all of Canada and the potential for recall bias.
The cost of operating room delays in an endourology center
Authors: Maskal Sara , Jain Rajat , Fedrigon III Donald , Rose Emily , Monga Manoj , Sivalingam Sri
Published: February 2020

Introduction: This study sought to characterize delays and estimate resulting costs during nephrolithiasis surgery.

Methods: Independent observers documented delays during ureteroscopy (URS) and percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) procedures. Fifty index cases over a period of three months was considered sufficient to observe the generalizable trends. Operating room staff, excluding the surgeons, were blinded. Time-related metrics and delays preventing case progression were recorded using a smartphone-accessible data collection instrument. Delays were categorized as: 1) missing equipment; 2) missing personnel; 3) equipment malfunction; or 4) delay due to case complexity. The first two categories were regarded as preventable and the latter two non-preventable.

Results: Forty URS and 18 PCNL cases were included. There was a total of 56 delays in 35 (65%) cases. Twelve (67%) PCNLs and 23 (58%) URSs had delays (p=0.57). The mean cumulative delay per case was 3.5±3.2 minutes. Pre-start delays (n=17) were 4.5±3.5 minutes on average while intraoperative delays (n=39) were 3.1±2.9 minutes (p=0.167). Delays were evenly spread among the four categories. Thirty-one (55%) delays were preventable (mean 3.7±3.2 minutes) while 25 (45%) were non-preventable (mean 3.2±3.2 minutes) (p=0.58). This translates to $137 per case in preventable costs.

Conclusions: Preventable operative delays are encountered frequently in nephrolithiasis surgery, translating to significant additional charges and costs. We demonstrate a rationale for the development of improved communication and workflow protocols to increase efficiency in endourological surgeries. Key limitations are the observational nature of the study and sample size.
Case – Tension hydrocele: A rare cause of acute scrotal pain
Authors: Bitcon Christopher , White Joshua , Cox Ashley , Skinner Tom
Published: February 2020

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Joining of AA2014 and AA5059 dissimilar
aluminium alloys by Friction Stir Welding
Authors: Saleh A.A.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: This work aims to investigate the microstructure and mechanical properties
achieved by FSW of butt joints, namely of dissimilar sheets namely of 2014-T3 to 5059-H11
Al alloys by bonding the two materials perpendicular to their rolling directions.
Design/methodology/approach: AA 2014T3 and AA 5059H11 were two dissimilar
aluminium alloys friction stir welded. The joint has been examined in terms of hardness,
microstructure, and mechanical properties. The microstructure of the weld area was
characterized by using optical microscopy. Seven diverse regions of the microstructure in
the joint can be illustrious.
Findings: It has been noticed that a structure of fine grain is formed in the nugget region
as a consequence of recrystallization. The thermos mechanically affected and heat affected
zones of aluminium alloy 2014 are characterized by the lowest hardness values in spite
of there are a general hardness decrease through the weld zone compared to both base
metals. The ultimate tensile strength values of the dissimilar joint were found to be varying
between 54% to 66% those of the base metal.
Research limitations/implications: The t joining in FSW takes place with the base
materials remnant in the solid state, which gives a considerable possibility to produce joints
between the alleged difficult-to-weld heat treatable aluminium alloys.
Originality/value: The outcomes display that friction stir welding can be effectively
applied for the joining of dissimilar aluminium alloys.
Identification of the eddy current method
features in the implementation
of computer simulation algorithms
for controlling the characteristics
of the food production equipment parts
Authors: Zashchepkina N.M. , Zdorenko V.G. , Sebko V. , Markina O.M.
Published: February 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to study the theoretical provisions of the operation
of a vortex device in the implementation of a non-contact method of controlling the details
of brewing equipment using computer simulation algorithms.
Design/methodology/approach: The theoretical positions of thermal ECT operation with
a copper product are obtained, which is controlled while maintaining a constant value of the
magnetic field frequency f1 = 70.0 Hz, with small values of the generalized parameter x≤1.1 and
increasing the parameter x due to the increase in the frequency of thermal ECT, that is, at x≥3.5.
Findings: On the basis of computer simulation algorithms the results of the joint measuring
control of diameter d, electrical resistance ρ and temperature t of the sample made of copper
(in the temperature range from 20-160°C) and the results of determination of thermally
dependent thermal ECT signals with the sample of equipment details and the values of
specific normalized values that relate the ECT signals to the physical and mechanical
characteristics of the samples of the equipment being monitored.
Research limitations/implications: Product diameters range is 5 mm to 50 mm. The
lower boundary is limited by the frequency of the magnetic field f = 20 Hz and the upper
boundary by the diameter of the frame of the thermal eddy current transformer transducer
is 50 mm. Perspective positions of work require further development in the direction of
extending the limits of control of geometrical parameters of the samples due to the use of
automated control systems based on overhead eddy current transformer transducers.
Practical implications: The practical value of the work is to increase the overall likelihood
of control of the parameters of brewing equipment parts by increasing its instrumental
component Di, due to the reduction of measurement errors due to instrumental techniques
and on the basis of computer modelling algorithms for three-parameter control of parts of
brewing equipment, electrical and temperature parameters, allows to obtain the value of the
overall control probability Dz = 0.998.
Originality/value: The originality of the article is the study of the theoretical provisions of
the eddy current transformer transducer and the implementation of a non-contact method of
controlling the details of brewing equipment using computer simulation algorithms that take
into account the modes of joint three-parameter control: at high values of the generalized
parameter x (with three-parameter surface control), at small values of x (while controlling
the value of the average cross section geometry, electrical, temperature settings) at a fixed
frequency magnetic field (get information on the diameter d, resistivity ρ and temperature t
with a certain depth of penetration of the magnetic field in the sample Δ).
NDI COMUNIDADE: AMPLIANDO A RELAÇÃO TEORIA E PRÁTICA NA FORMAÇÃO INICIAL E CONTINUADA DE ACADÊMICOS E PROFISSIONAIS DA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Spinelli Carolina S. , Euzébio Juliana , Schneider Juliete
Published: February 2020

The NDI Community Extension project aims to promote the initial and continuing education of teachers and professionals in the area of early childhood education. Since 1994, the Center for Child Development (NDI) linked to the Center for Educational Sciences (CED) of the Federal University of Santa Catarina(UFSC), operates through the NDI Community Extension project in the initial and continuing education of students, teachers and area managersfromKindergarten and other areas. This project is linked to teaching and research because it establishes dialogue with the pedagogical practices of NDI and the research carried out by its teachers. Throughout its existence, the Extension Project welcomed the community of teachers and sought to ensure a space for articulation between theory and practice in its formation. This article analyzes the questionnaires sent after the technical visits and thematic training, in order to understand what was formative in the experience of these professionals.
ASPECTOS DO PERFIL DE CRIANÇAS QUE MANIFESTAM AGRESSIVIDADE NA EDUCAÇÃO INFANTIL
Authors: Doná Gabrielly , Wiezzel Andreia Cristiane Silva
Published: February 2020

This qualitative research aims to presenta profile of children who manifest excessive aggressiveness in the classroom, consideringtheaspects of their subjectivity andtheirsurroundings. We analyzed 10 children from a municipal kindergarten, between 4 and 6 years old. The data were collected through questionnaires applied to parents and teachers of these children. The obtained resultswill be discussed mainly based on the theoretical framework of Donald Woods Winnicott(1975,1982,1992,2000,2005). In this article, which presents and discusses the data regarding teachers' questionnaires, it is understood that the most children manifest stubbornness, have difficulties in following rules, do not like to be contradicted and lack boundaries, showing, thus, low tolerance for frustration. In addition, there have been several marks in thelife storyof the participating children, some permeated by affective lossandfamily violence.
Characterization of software testing practices: A replicated survey in Costa Rica
Authors: Quesada-López Christian , Hernandez-Agüero Erika , Jenkins Marcelo
Published: February 2020

Software testing is an essential activity in software development projects for delivering high quality products. In a previous study, we reported the results of a survey of software engineering practices in the Costa Rican industry. To make a more in depth analysis of the specific software testing practices among practitioners, we replicated a previous survey conducted in South America. Our objective was to characterize the state of the practice based on practitioners use and perceived importance of those practices. This survey evaluated 42 testing practices grouped in three categories: processes, activities and tools. A total of 92 practitioners responded to the survey. The participants indicated that: (1) tasks for recording of the results of tests, documentation of test procedures and cases, and re-execution of tests when the software is modified are useful and important for software testing practitioners. (2) Acceptance and system testing are the two most useful and important testing types. (3) Tools for recording defects and the effort to fix them (bug tracking) and the availability of a test database for reuse are useful and important. Regarding use and implementation of practices, the participants stated that (4) Planning and designing of software testing before coding and evaluating the quality of test artifacts are not a regular practice. (5) There is a lack of measurement of defect density and test coverage in the industry; and (6) tools for automatic generation of test cases and for estimating testing effort are rarely used. This study gave us a first glance at the state of the practice in software testing in a thriving and very dynamic industry that currently employs most of our computer science professionals. The benefits are twofold: for academia, it provides us with a road map to revise our academic offer, and for practitioners it provides them with a first set of data to benchmark their practices.
Antimicrobial Resistance with Special Emphasis on Pathogens in Agriculture
Authors: Meenakshi Raman Nitya , Easwaran Murugesh , Kaul Rashmi , Bharti Jyotsna , Fathy Abdel Motelb Khaled , Kaul Tanushri
Published: February 2020

Antibiotics have been used globally to manage the bacterial plant diseases irrespective of the expense involved. Although plant pathogenesis by bacteria is far lower than fungal counterparts, disrupted monitoring and surveillance for drug resistance with respect to human health raise serious concerns. The resistance derived by the plant as the host by the antibiotics used for many generations has now posed as a problem in phyto-systems. Although we currently lack the molecular understanding of the pathogens rendering antibiotic resistance to plants, robust resistance management strategies are critical to ensure management of critically important diseases that specifically target crops of high value and/or global agrarian importance. This chapter discusses evolution of plant-pathogenic bacteria, application of antibiotics and its repercussions on the microbiome of plant agricultural systems, and sustainable crop disease management by genetic engineering.
Phytonanofabrication: Methodology and Factors Affecting Biosynthesis of Nanoparticles
Authors: D. Lade Bipin , S. Shanware Arti
Published: February 2020

The greener way of producing silver nanoparticles is the easiest, cheapest and most efficient way of producing large-scale nanoparticles that have no adverse effect on the environment. The nanosynthesis using various methodologies and the biological synthesis of silver nanoparticles have been discussed in detail. Plant extracts have been known to be competent for the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles suggested by the various publications. Further, effects of various sources and methods on nanoparticle synthesis have been examined. Additionally, the impact of conditions such as dark, light, heating, boiling, sonication, autoclave on the size and shape of colloidal nanoparticles has been analyzed. Moreover, effects of specific parameters such as leaf extract concentration, AgNO3, reaction temperature, pH, light and stirring time for nanoparticle synthesis are discussed, and the impact of silver nanoparticles on plant physiology has examined.
Harmonized and Quality Sample Handling in Biobank-Supported Multicenter Prospective Studies
Authors: Valdivieso-Gómez Verónica , Garrancho-Pérez Javier , Aroca-Siendones Inés , Aguilar-Quesada Rocío
Published: February 2020

In the frame of multicenter research studies, biobanks ensure the harmonization and traceability of the prospective collection of quality samples. This is significant because pre-analytical variables must be carefully considered to guarantee the integrity of biomarkers to be tested and to avoid bias affecting the validity of the analytical results. According to a quality management system, biobanks contribute with documents and records; consumable preparation for collection, processing, and conservation; sample quality controls; and centralized management of sample handling, storage, and distribution. Traceability of samples is based on unique standard codes and the use of pre-assigned, pre-coded, and pre-labeled materials for sample collection, processing, and conservation. By using these supporting tools, quality derivatives are obtained based on common and evidence-based standard operating procedures (SOPs), with associated traceability information in relation with their collection, processing, conservation, and distribution. The biobank-supported workflow, specifically designed and implemented for each project, allows obtaining harmonized quality samples contributing to the quality of large and complex research projects and the corresponding validity of the analyses.
People in the News
Authors: Galloway Ann-Christe
Published: February 2020

Spencer BevisHannah CaproonChris HoltheSamantha (Sam) MeierKurt A. T. BodlingLinda Smith GriffinBarbara J. StitesTanner Wray
On the Role of Gesinnung in Kant’s Ethics and Philosophy of Religion. Part I
Authors: Krouglov Alexei N.
Published: February 2020

Kant’s concept of Gesinnung reveals the whole range of its problematic potential when it has to be translated into other languages: there are no ready-made equivalents. The problem stems from the evolution of this concept in Kant himself from the pre-Critical (“mode of thinking”, “convictions”, “virtuousness”, “virtues”, “sentiments”, “inclinations”, “aspirations”) to the critical works and then in the Critical period in Religion within the Bounds of Bare Reason. Further problems arise from the complex pre-Kant­ian history of the concept of Gesinnung which influenced Kant’s philosophy. Among the sources that had a particularly strong impact both on the meaning of Kant’s concept of Gesinnung and on its perception the most important are various translations of the Bible — both into German and into Russian — as well as Latin works by A. G. Baumgarten and German works by C. A. Crusius and M. Mendelssohn. I have also included an overview of English versions of translations of Kant’s term Gesinnung (disposition, attitude, conviction, sentiment, comportment of mind, intention, Gesinnung) and their more important differences and have shown the unhistorical character of the translation arguments in modern English-speaking Kant scholarship which totally ignores pre-Kantian history and the context of Kant’s contemporaries. Proceeding from this study the next part of the article will offer my own interpretation of Kant’s concept of Gesinnung in the Critical period and suggest a uniform translation of the term into Russian with a corresponding grounding of my choice.