bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
EFFECT OF PEER EDUCATION MODEL ON KNOWLEDGE AND SELF-EFFICACY OF CHILDREN IN THE PREVENTION OF PHYSICAL SEXUAL VIOLENCE
Authors: Fitriana Rufaida Nur , Suryawati Chriswardani , Zubaidah Zubaidah
Published: February 2019

Background: The rate of incidence of physical assault on school children increases from year to year. Efforts to prevent child sexual violence can be done through school-based education with student empowerment.

Objective: To identify the effect of education by peers on the knowledge and self-efficacy of primary school children in preventing sexual violence in Grabag sub-district, Magelang regency, Indonesia.

Methods: This study was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and posttest non-equivalent control groups. A total of 84 school-aged children were purposively recruited from two different primary schools. Each group consisted of 42 respondents. Children's Knowledge of Abuse Questionnaire-Revised III (CKAQ-RIII) instrument was used to measure knowledge and self-efficacy questionnaire was measured for self-efficacy. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon and Chi-Square test.

Results: The study showed that a statistically significant difference in the variables of both knowledge (p=0.008) and self-efficacy (p=0.000) in the intervention group after given peer education treatment.

Conclusion: Educational interventions by peers can improve the knowledge and self-efficacy of primary school-aged children in preventing sexual violence. Peer education can be used as an effort to prevent sexual violence in children through school empowerment programs.
EFFECT OF SPIRITUAL NURSING CARE ON THE LEVEL OF ANXIETY IN PATIENTS WITH STROKE
Authors: Trihandini Bernadeta , Fatmasari Diyah , Hartati YK Lucia Endang , Sudirman Sudirman
Published: February 2019

Background: Anxiety in stroke patients occurs as a normal reaction to stress with life changes; however, when it becomes excessive, it will be disorder. Effort to deal with anxiety is needed and spiritual approach nursing care is considered useful in caring patients with stroke.

Objective: To examine the effect of spiritual nursing care on anxiety in stroke patients in the inpatient ward.

Methods: This study used a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest control group. Thirty respondents were selected using consecutive sampling, which 15 respondents assigned in the experiment and control group. The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale was used to measure anxiety. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and independent t-test.

Results: The results showed that the mean level of anxiety in the experiment group before intervention was 29.33 and decreased to 9 after intervention, while in the control group the mean level of anxiety before intervention was 29.47 and decreased to 17.73 after intervention. Paired t-test obtained p-value 0.000 (<0.05), which indicated that there was a significant effect of spiritual nursing care on anxiety levels in patients with stroke.

Conclusion: Spiritual nursing care could reduce anxiety in patients with stroke.
COMBINATION OF HYPNOSIS THERAPY AND RANGE OF MOTION EXERCISE ON UPPER-EXTREMITY MUSCLE STRENGTH IN PATIENTS WITH NON-HEMORRAGHIC STROKE
Authors: Irawan Chandra , Mardiyono Mardiyono , Suharto Suharto , Santjaka Aris
Published: February 2019

Background: Range of Motion (ROM) exercise has been identified in the literature that it has an effect in improving muscle strength, especially in patients with stroke. However, little is known about the effect of ROM exercise combined with hypnosis therapy.

Objective: To determine the effect of combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise on upper extremity muscle strength in patients with non-hemorrhagic.

Methods: This study employed a quasi-experiment with pretest-posttest control group design. Thirty-two samples were selected using simple random sampling, which 16 randomly assigned in the experiment and control group. Muscle strength was measured using muscle strength scale. Hypnosis Deepening test was used to measure the level of hypnosis depth. Paired t-test and Independent t-test were used for data analysis.

Results: The mean value of muscle strength in the experiment group was 3.50 and  the mean value in the control group  was 2.62. Independent sample t-test obtained p-value = 0.012, indicated that there was a statistically significant difference in the mean of muscle strength of upper extremity in the experiment and control group. Paired t-test obtained p-value = 0.000, which indicated that there was significant difference between the average of muscle strength value before and after treatment

Conclusion: The combination of hypnosis therapy and ROM exercise has a significant effect in increasing muscle strength of upper extremity in patients with stroke non-hemorrhagic.
EMPOWERING WOMEN’S ORGANIZATIONS FOR ANEMIA PREVENTION AND CONTROL IN TRIMURTI VILLAGE, SRANDAKAN SUB-DISTRICT, BANTUL, YOGYAKARTA, INDONESIA
Authors: Waryana Waryana , Supadi Supadi , Haryani Wiworo
Published: February 2019

Background: Anemia in Indonesia is mostly caused by micronutrient deficiency such as iron. Although much have been done to address anemia in the community, the problem remains. As health is not solely government’s responsibility, community participation should be seen as an alternative effective approach.

Objective: The influence of women’s organizations to community participation and their self-sustenance in anemia prevention and control was examined.

Methods: It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest and post-test control group design involving 30 women in reproductive-age who were selected through a multi-stage random sampling method; and 20 health providers, of whom were members of Dasa Wisma, posyandu cadres, PKK, and Karang Taruna. At the intervention group, women’s organization in anemia prevention and control was enabled in order to increase community participation. Hemoglobin level was measured as the outcome of the intervention program.

Results: By empowering women’s organization, participation level of community members in the intervention group significantly increased, shown by family’s willingness to provide and consume iron-sufficient foods in their daily diets. As an outcome, hemoglobin level of reproductive-aged women at the intervention group slightly raised from its initial level, whilst the level in the control group was relatively stagnant.

Conclusion: Involving the community member has been proven as an effective approach in anemia prevention and control. Given that women’s social movement are existed in many settings, therefore, empowering such organization as a manifestation of community participation can be applied in other setting, and also for other health program.
THE CORRELATION BETWEEN LEVEL OF HEMOGLOBIN, HEMATOCRIT, AND THROMBOCYTES OF MOTHER AND ASPHYXIA IN NEWBORN
Authors: Priansiska Norwidya , Raden Abkar , Rokhanawati Dewi
Published: February 2019

Background: Infant mortality in Indonesia is at the highest level among the countries in South East Asia. Asphyxia in newborn has become the second risk factor for infant mortality.

Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the correlation between the level of hemoglobin, hematocrit, and thrombocytes of the mothers and asphyxia in the newborns at Panembahan Senopati Bantul Hospital, Indonesia.

Methods: The study employed case-control method with 282 samples, which 141 assigned in the case and control group. This study used medical record of the patients as the secondary data. Chi-square, multiple logistic regression, and Odds Ratio Calculation (OR) were used for data analysis.

 Results: There was a meaningful correlation between the level of hemoglobin (OR=2.3, 95%CI=1.3-4), hematocrit (OR=4.3, 95%CI=1.4-13.4, and thrombocytes (OR=5.3, 95%CI=1.14-24.6) of the mothers and asphyxia in newborns. Thrombocytes was the most dominant factor related to asphyxia in newborns.

Conclusion: Mothers who have hemoglobin, hematocrit and thrombocytes levels under the normal have more than two times risk of asphyxia in their newborn than mothers who have normal hemoglobin, hematocrit and thrombocytes levels.
PERCEPTIONS OF INDONESIAN PRACTICAL NURSES TOWARDS UPDATING CAPABILITY TO PROVIDE CARE: A QUALITATIVE STUDY
Authors: Arofiati Fitri , Nuntaboot Khanitta
Published: February 2019

Background: Capability to provide care can be recognized as the combination of nursing knowledge, skills, and attitude of care which is dynamic.

Objective: This study aims to explore the perceptions of practical nurses towards updating capability to provide care.

Methods: A descriptive qualitative study was conducted to explore the deep understanding of practical nurses towards updating capability to provide care. Data were gathered using in-depth interview with 25 practical nurses from different areas of practices, three times focus group discussion (FGD) and participant-observation. Qualitative content analysis model was applied to anaylze the data.

Result: There were two themes emerged from data: 1) internal perceptions of updating capacity to provide care, with three subthemes: having great expectation, being confidence as a professional nurse, and developing self-initiation, 2) external contexts driving perception of practicing nurses, with two subthemes: giving best care and acquiring requirement.

Conclusions: The findings indicated that updating capacity to provide care supports practical nurses to provide better nursing services to patients and meet the regulation of nursing professionalism.
EFFORT TO REDUCE ANXIETY LEVELS AMONG MOTHERS USING FEBRILE CONVULSIONS EDUCATIONAL PACKAGE
Authors: Rofiqoh Siti , Isyti’aroh Isyti’aroh
Published: February 2019

Background: Parents often experience anxiety when seeing their children having febrile convulsion. It may be due to lack of knowledge about febrile seizure and the way of handling it.

Objective: This study aims to analyze the education package of febrile convulsion and its effect on mother’s anxiety.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest posttest with control group design.  Eighty-one participants were selected, which randomly assigned to be two groups that 41 participants in control group and 40 participants in intervention group. Anxiety was measured using State Anxiety Inventory in Indonesian version. Data were collected from March to Mei, 2017. Data were analyzed using Wilcoxon-test.

Results: The results showed that the mean of anxiety level in the intervention group before intervention was 77.40 and decreased to 35.78 after intervention, while the mean of anxiety level in the control group was 68.17 before intervention and decreased slightly to 64.17 after intervention. The p-value of the difference between control and intervention group was 0.001 (<0.05).

Conclusion: There was a significant effect of education package about febrile convulsion on mother's anxiety level. It is suggested that febrile convulsion educational package can be used as an alternative therapy to reduce anxiety levels among mothers.
THE EFFECT OF KELAKAI (STECHNOLAENA PALUSTRIS) CONSUMPTIONS ON HEMOGLOBIN LEVELS AMONG MIDWIFERY STUDENTS
Authors: Petricka Gracea , Makiyah SN Nurul , Mawarti Retno
Published: February 2019

Background: It is estimated that 49.2% of Indonesian adolescents (10-19 years) have iron deficiency of anemia. Green vegetables can be used as an alternative consumption to meet the body's need for iron. Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) containing 291.32 mg-100 g of Fe has been consumed by Dayak ethnic society to prevent anemia.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) consumptions to increase hemoglobin levels among late adolescents (17-19 years).

Methods: It was a quasi-experiment with pre-test and post-test study on anemic Midwifery students (8-11 g / dl) of Betang Asi Midwifery Academy of Palangka Raya Indonesia in September 2017. In which Kelakai was given as dietary supplements of the subject line and ferrous fumarate tablet as a control. There were 66 participants recruited by purposive sampling, divided into 33 subjects for each group. Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) (250 mg) and ferrous fumarate tablet (60 mg) were administrated daily for a week. Hemoglobin levels were measured before and after intervention using the hemoglobin testing system quick-check tool. Data were analyzed using paired and independent t-test.

Result:  The result showed of significant increases on hemoglobin levels (3.24 g / dl) after consuming Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) for a week (p≤0.05). The hemoglobin levels after intervention in the control group were 0.03 g / dl higher than Kelakai group, but based on the analysis, there was no significant difference on both groups (p≥0.05).

Conclusion: Kelakai is proven to increase hemoglobin levels. Thus, Kelakai (Stenochlaena palustris) is recommended a food supplementation to prevent iron deficiency of anemia.
VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF INSTRUMENT TO MEASURE CLINICAL INDICATOR OF NURSING DIAGNOSIS: FATIGUE ON PATIENT UNDERTAKING HAEMODIALYSIS
Authors: Astuti Atika Dwi , Nurjannah Intansari , Mulyani Sri
Published: February 2019

Background: Fatigue as nursing diagnosis is a common phenomenon in patient undertaking haemodialysis. There is, however, no clear instrument to measure the clinical indicators of this nursing diagnosis.
Objectives:  To measure the validity and reliability an instrument to measure clinical indicator in nursing diagnosis fatigue.
Methods: Content Validity Index for Scale (S-CVI) and Point-Biserial Correlation were used to measure the validity of instrument. Cronbach Alpha Reliability was used for reliability of 72 patients undertaking haemodialysis.
Results: S-CVI score was 1 on relevance, accuracy and clarity, 0.98 on simplicity and ambiguity. The Cronbach’s Alpha of the instrument was 0.675 which was considered reliable.
Conclusion: The instrument to measure clinical indicators of nursing diagnoses fatigue has acceptable validity and reliability score in Indonesian, and it is recommended to be used in clinical setting.
NEUROCOGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN HIV/AIDS: A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
Authors: Lindayani Linlin , Anna Anastasia , Ko Nai-Ying
Published: February 2019

HIV-associated with neurocognitive disorder (HAND) is a major interest issues worldwide, as results from introduction of Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) and increasing life expectancy. However, previous studies have been limited by lack of a guiding framework. The purpose of this review was to provide a conceptual framework to guide studies of neurocognitive impairment in patients with HIV/AIDS. A literature search was conducted of articles published from 1998 through December 2015 using the PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Ebscohost databases on evaluating the problem of neurocognitive impairment in HIV. This search resulted in a total of 36 articles. Evidence has indicated that there are neurobiological changes and brain abnormalities among people living with HIV/AID, which may affect cognitive functioning. Being infected by HIV and increased age are independently factors on HAND. However, there is remaining unclear the effect of HAART, is protective factors or risk factors of HAND and its consequence on quality of life among patients with HIV/AIDS. Considering the major issues in above, patient with HIV/AIDS is vulnerable population for developing HAND that might have been resulted to under report. Future studies focus on exploring HAND is necessary especially from low income countries where the accessibility to HAART are limited.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE OCCURRENCE OF HYPERTROPHIC SCARS AMONG POSTOPERATIVE PATIENTS IN GARUT, INDONESIA
Authors: Nugraha Andri , Chaidir Rizal , Rahayu Urip , Rinjani Santi
Published: February 2019

Background: Hypertrophic scar causes physical and psychological problems. Thus, understanding the factors related to the occurrence of hypertrophic scar tissue is needed. Little is known about its influencing factors in Indonesia, especially in Garut.
Objective: This study aims to examine the relationships between hypertrophic scar and its influencing factors, and identify the most dominant factor of the occurrence of hypertrophic scars.
Methods: This was an observational case control study using retrospective approach in Polyclinic of Surgery of Regional Public Hospital of dr. Slamet of Garut Regency. There were 40 samples recruited in this study by purposive sampling, which was divided to be case group (20 patients) and control group (20 patients). Data were collected using Stony Brook Scar Evaluation Scale by observation and documentation of the medical records of patients. Data were analyzed using logistic regression analysis.
Results: Findings indicated that there were significant relationships between the surgical wound infection (p = 0.02), family history (p = 0.026), and type of suture (p = 0.043) with the occurrence of hypertrophic scars. The most dominant factor on the occurrence of hypertrophic scars was type of suture, acid polyglactin 910. The variables that had no significant relationships with the occurrence of hypertrophic scar tissue were age (p = 0.34), area of surgical wound (p = 0.177), and smoking habit (p = 0.479).
Conclusion: There were significant relationships between infection of surgical wound, genetic history, the type of suture, and the occurrence of hypertrophic scar tissue. The most dominant factor that influenced the occurrence of hypertrophic scar tissue was the type of suture. Therefore, it is suggested to health professionals to modify the using of acid polyglactin 910 sutures, and nurses particularly need to provide the information regarding the family history and genetic-related hypertrophic scar, and prevent the infection of surgical wound after operation.
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF COACHING USING SBAR (SITUATION, BACKGROUND, ASSESSMENT, RECOMMENDATION) COMMUNICATION TOOL ON NURSING SHIFT HANDOVERS
Authors: Herawati Vitri Dyah , Nurmalia Devi , Hartiti Tri , Dwiantoro Luky
Published: February 2019

Background: The SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) method assists nurses in communicating information in nursing shift handover. Inaccurate shift handover can have a serious impact on patients due to poor communication. Optimal resource development can be done by coaching as the best guidance method from manager for directional discussion and guidance activity to learn to solve problem or do better job and build nursing leadership culture in clinical service.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of coaching method using SBAR communication tool on nursing shift handovers.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest posttest control group design. Fifty-four nurses were selected using a consecutive sampling, which 27 assigned in the experiment and control group. An observation checklist was developed by the researchers based on the Theory of Lardner to evaluate the effectiveness of the implementation of coaching using SBAR on nursing shift handover. Independent t-test, Mann-Whitney test and Wilcoxon test were used for data analyses. 

Results: There was an increase in coaching ability of head nurses in the implementation of SBAR in nursing handover after 2-weeks and 4-weeks of coaching. There was also a significant improvement of the use of SBAR on nursing shift handover in the experiment group (p <0.05) compared to the control group. 

Conclusion: Coaching using SBAR (situation, background, assessment, recommendation) communication tool was effective on nursing shift handovers. There was a significant increase of the capability of head nurses and nursing shift handovers after given coaching intervention.
FACTORS RELATED TO DEPRESSION AMONG OLDER PEOPLE LIVING IN CIMAHI, WEST JAVA PROVINCE, INDONESIA
Authors: Gustryanti Kiki , Thongpat Sunanta , Maneerat Sonthaya
Published: February 2019

Background: Depression is commonly found in older people. The prevalence of depression among older people, particularly in Indonesia is increasing worldwide.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the factors related to depression among older people living in Cimahi, West Java Province, Indonesia.

Method: A cross sectional design was used with a total of 267 older people aged from 60 to 79 years old. A multi-stage random sampling was used in five public health centers in Cimahi. The instruments comprised of socio-demographic questionnaires, general health perceptions questionnaire, Chula Activities of Daily Living Index (CADLI), and Geriatric Depression Scale-15 (GDS-15). Data analysis was conducted using descriptive statistic, chi-square, and point-biserial.

Results: The result revealed that 56.2% of respondents were no depression and 43.8% of respondents was depression. The results also showed that age, marital status, family history of depression, perceived health status, and activities of daily living was significant relationship with depression among older people (p<.01; p<.05).

Conclusion: This finding can be used as a reference to implement new strategies to decrease depression among older people.

 

This article has been corrected with a separate erratum: https://doi.org/10.33546/bnj.1141
EFFECTIVENESS OF SUCTION ABOVE CUFF ENDOTRACHEAL TUBE (SACETT) IN PREVENTING VENTILATOR ASSOCIATED PNEUMONIA IN CRITICAL PATIENTS IN INTENSIVE CARE UNIT
Authors: Sukmadi Arfiyan , Pujiastuti Rr Sri Endang , Santjaka Aris , Supriyadi Supriyadi
Published: February 2019

Background: The mechanical ventilator is an indispensable breathing tool in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). But the mechanical ventilator is associated with the risk of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP). VAP occurs due to poor hygiene of the endotracheal tube (ETT). ETT hygiene should be maintained to inhibit bacterial development in the lungs using suction above cuff endotracheal tube (SACETT) to prevent VAP.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of SACETT in preventing Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) in critical patients in the ICU.

Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study with posttest only with control group design with 15 samples in intervention group (SACETT and Chlorhexidine 0.2%) and 15 in control group (ETT, Open Suction, and Chlorhexidine 0.2%) with purposive technique sampling. The Simplified Clinical Pulmonary Infection Score (CPIS) was used to measure VAP.

Results: This study illustrates that there was no VAP incidence in the intervention group, and as much as 13.3% VAP in the control group. SACETT was more effective in preventing VAP than in standard ETT on day 4 (p = 0.001).

Conclusion: SACETT is more effective in preventing VAP than standard ETT in the fourth day in patients with neurological, cardiovascular, urinary, digestive, and immune system disorders.
HYPNOANXIETY AS AN ALTERNATIVE THERAPY TO REDUCE ANXIETY IN PRIMIGRAVIDA MOTHERS
Authors: Jannah Nurul , Hadi Hadi , Rahayu Sri , Hadisaputro Soeharyo , Fatmasari Diyah , Mashoedi Imam Djamaluddin
Published: February 2019

Background: Anxiety among primigravida mothers should be handled to avoid the risks during pregnancy. Hypnotherapy is considered to be a solution; however, there are limited studies to determine its effect on anxiety, especially in primipara mothers.

Objective: To examine the effect of hypnoanxiety on the level of anxiety in primigravida.

Methods: This was a Randomized Controlled Trials (RCTs) with pretest-posttest design, conducted between September – October 2016 in the working area of the Health Center of Bergas Semarang, Indonesia. There were 40 respondents recruited using simple random sampling, which divided into intervention and control group. Hypnoanxiety was performed 8 times for 4 weeks. The Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale (ZSAS) was used to measure anxiety in pregnant women. Data were analyzed using Mann Whitney test and Kruskal Wallis test.

Results: Findings showed that after four weeks intervention, there was a decrease of the level of anxiety in the intervention group, consisted of 25% of moderate anxiety, 40% of mild anxiety, and 35 % of respondents with no anxiety. The p-value was 0.05, which indicated that there was mean difference of anxiety level between intervention and control group.

Conclusions: There was a significant effect of hypnoanxiety on the level of anxiety in pregnant women. It is suggested that hypnoanxiety could be one of the alternative therapies to reduce the anxiety among pregnant women. This could be considered to be included in the standard of midwifery care in Indonesia.
THE DEVELOPMENT OF E-PARTOGRAPH MODULE AS A LEARNING PLATFORM FOR MIDWIFERY STUDENTS: THE ADDIE MODEL
Authors: Hadi Selasih Putri Isnawati , Kuntjoro Tjahjono , Sumarni Sri , Anwar Muh.Choiroel , Widyawati Melyana Nurul , Pujiastuti Rr.Sri Endang
Published: February 2019

To enhance the competencies of midwifery students, one must design a learning instruction in such a manner that it will optimize the learning. The learning materials designed based on technology will facilitate the learners to achieve the desired outcome. In this study, e-partograph was developed using ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation) instruction model. The module of e-partograph was followed the structural guideline of Department of National Education of Indonesia consisted of: self-instruction, self-contained, stand alone, adaptive, and user friendly. The evaluation showed that e-partograph was feasible (99.3) in the material subject, very feasible (195) in terms of media, feasible (101.6) in the try-out, and feasible for the students (users) (104.18). It is suggested that e-partograph could be applied in the teaching learning system, and it is expected to contribute positively to the increase in skill and competence of midwifery students who will be able to carry out its role both academic and practice.
ANALYSIS OF FACTORS AFFECTING POST-POWER SYNDROME AND QUALITY OF LIFE IN THE ELDERLY
Authors: Indarwati Retno , Nursalam Nursalam , Hargono Rachmat , Suprajitno Suprajitno , Haryanto Joni , Fauziningtyas Rista , Pratama Randy Yusuf
Published: February 2019

Background: Quality of life is the individuals’ perception of their place in life in the context of the cultural system and values in which they live, along with their goals, expectations, and worries. Retirement is an adaptable period that results in a change of role, changes in social interactions, and limited financial resources.

Aim: This study aims to analyze the factors that affect post power syndrome and quality of life of the elderly.

Methods: The design of this research was a correlation study with a cross-sectional approach. The population consisted of 44 retired elderly individuals. Purposive sampling was applied to the determined sample size. The independent variables were physiological stressors, psychological stressors and aging attitudes. The dependent variables were post-power syndrome and the quality of life of elderly people. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling- Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) with a significance t statistic ≥ 1.96.

Results: The findings showed all of the significant indicators measured to the variable factor. Physical stressor factors affect post-power syndrome with a t value of 2.366, and psychological stress factors affect post-power syndrome with a t value of 3.326. Aging behavior factors affects post-power syndrome with a t statistic of 5.296 and the post-power syndrome effect on the quality of life of the elderly has a t value of 7.689.

Conclusion: There were significant effects in relation to physiological stressor factors, psychological stress factors, and aging attitudes towards post-power syndrome. There was an influence of post-power syndrome on the quality of elderly life.
EFFECT OF CARICA PAPAYA L LEAF ON MENSTRUAL PAIN AND PROSTAGLANDIN LEVEL IN ADOLESCENT WITH PRIMARY DYSMENORRHEA: A TRUE EXPERIMENT
Authors: Abidah Siska Nurul , Hadisaputro Soeharyo , Runjati Runjati , Hidayat Syarief Thaufik , Suwondo Ari , Mulyantoro Donny Kristanto
Published: February 2019

Background: Primary dysmenorrhea occurs because of the excessive amount of prostaglandins in the blood. Papaya leaf extract is considered to be able to reduce prostaglandin and menstrual pain.

Objective: This study aims to prove that papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya L.) can decrease the level of menstrual pain and prostaglandin levels in primary dysmenorrhea.

Methods: A true experimental study with randomized pretest posttest control group design. There were 32 samples recruited using simple random sampling, with 16 each assigned to an experiment group and a control group. Numerical Rating Scale (NRS) was used to measure menstrual pain, and the level of prostaglandin was measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Independent t-test and paired t-test were performed for data analysis.

Results: There was statistically significant difference of menstrual pain and prostaglandin level before and after intervention with p-value 0.000 (<0.005), which indicated that papaya leaf extract had a significant effect on reducing menstrual pain. The decrease of menstrual pain in the experimental group was -3.375 and in the control group was -3.438; while the decrease of prostaglandin level in the experimental group was -56.971 and in the control group was -57.557.

Conclusion: Provision of papaya leaf extract (Carica Papaya L.) significantly decreased the level of menstrual pain and prostaglandin levels in primary dysmenorrhea. Papaya leaf extract can be used as a safe and effective herbal medicine for primary dysmenorrhea which has almost the same efficacy as mefenamic acid.
Mass casualty incidents and tactical medical capabilities amongst first responders
Authors: Hartley Jason
Published: February 2019

In August 2018, I was awarded the inaugural Australian Tactical Medical Association (ATMA) study grant to attend the International Public Safety Association (IPSA) Fall 2018 Symposium in Virginia, United States of America (USA) and conduct research in tactical medical methodologies utilised by first responders.

This report outlines the outcomes of my objectives for the study grant:

•Record the content and lessons learnt by attendance at the International Public Safety Association (IPSA) 2018 Fall Symposium; and

•Explore tactical medical methodologies, particularly within law enforcement and its application to Mass Casualty Incident (MCI) response.

The IPSA Fall 2018 Symposium primarily focused on MCIs and the planning, response and recovery to such incidents by first responders, such as Law Enforcement Officers (LEOs), Paramedics/Emergency Medical Services (EMS), Firefighters and other emergency personnel.

Due to operational sensitivities, some information or conversations from engagements is redacted. This, however, has not affected the substance of this report nor its recommendations.

My goal for this study grant is to promote awareness and education to groups or organisations which have had limited exposure to tactical medical methodologies or MCIs. Through simple knowledge and equipment, survivability amongst victims and first responders can be significantly improved.
«Гравітації» для фортепіано Ганни Гаврилець: поле «тяжіння» індивідуального стилю композитора
Authors: Kokhanyk Iryna
Published: February 2019

Розглянуто композиційні, ладогармонічні, семантичні особливості фортепіанного циклу «Гравітації» Ганни Гаврилець, у якому реалізується ідея нестійкої рівноваги. Виявлені в аналізі лаконічна манера композиторського письма, класичне відчуття форми, камерність висловлювання, відчуття простору, тонке промалювання деталей, виділення ключової інтонації та її варіантні перетворення, імпровізаційна свобода у поєднанні з чіткою логікою композиційно-драматургічного розвитку, вишукана краса мелодизму, породжена романтичним світосприйняттям автора, вже у ранньому творі визначає глибинні риси індивідуального стилю сучасного українського композитора.
Ноктюрн М. Глинки для фортепиано или арфы и его культурно-автобиографические смыслы
Authors: Timchenko-Byhun Inna
Published: February 2019

Статья посвящена рассмотрению культурно-автобиографических смыслов Ноктюрна Es-dur М. Глинки (1828 г.) для фортепиано или арфы, изначально ориентированного на два инструмента. Анализ художественной мотивации такого композиторского решения позволяет осознать значение этого раннего сочинения в пианизме Глинки. Внимание сконцентрировано на каждом из трех смысловых маркеров названия сочинения: ноктюрн (как жанр пианизма Глинки) – арфа и ноктюрн – фортепиано и ноктюрн. Рассматривается значение жанра ноктюрна в пианизме Глинки, а также смыслы, связанные с его арфовой и фортепианной интерпретациями. Используются перспективный и ретроспективный векторы рассмотрения – т.е., осмысление направленности композиторских поисков в конце 20-х годов, а также констатация принципов, которые сформировались в этом сочинении и впоследствии закрепились в фортепианном стиле Глинки.
Вірш О. Пушкіна «Я возмужал среди печальных бурь» у двох музичних прочитаннях українських композиторів – Є. Станковича та Ю. Іщенка
Authors: Tugusheva Nataliya
Published: February 2019

У статті розглянуто ІІ частину Камерної симфонії № 4 «Пам’яті Поета» Є. Станковича, а також романс для голосу з фортепіано Ю. Іщенка. Центральним для Станковича став образ «небесної лазурі», що вплинуло на загальний просвітлений та умиротворений характер музики. Іщенко акцентує внутрішню напругу, сумніви та тривогу як домінантні образи. Об’єднуючим елементом музичних прочитань виступила гармонія, якій обидва композитори відвели першочергову роль.
Design för undervisning och lärande – ett didaktiskt verktyg
Authors: Hauge Trond Eiliv
Published: February 2019

Vi behöver nya didaktiska verktyg för att kunna möta utmaningarna i dagens skola. Designbegreppet är ett sådant verktyg. Det kan användas båda till analys och som ett utvecklingsredskap för undervisning och elevens lärande. I denna artikel argumenterar författaren för att designbegreppet har en viktig och integrerad plats i den didaktiska vokabulären.
Arbeta med skolor i missgynnade stadsmiljöer
Authors: Day Christopher
Published: February 2019

- Ett projekt för kunskapsöverföring och kunskapsutbyte (KTEN, Knowledge Transfer and Exchange)

En av de mest angelägna frågorna för regeringar världen över är att höja standarderna för undervisning och lärande i skolor, särskilt de som arbetar med socioekonomiskt missgynnade grupper.
Hur reformer styr verksamhet på fritidshem
Authors: Löfgren Ragnhild , Elvstrand Helene , Jansson Magnus , Löfgren Håkan
Published: February 2019

De senaste åren har fritidshemmen präglats av en ”reformträngsel”. Hur påverkar det den dagliga verksamheten? Genom att ta del av lärares och rektorers egna berättelser om fritidshem har vi undersökt hur reformerna förändrar fritidshemmens verksamhet idag och hur det påverkar det systematiska kvalitetsarbetet.
Så minskar vi gymnasieavhoppen
Authors: Billemar Christina , Beganovic Ibrahim
Published: February 2019

En fjärdedel av de svenska gymnasieeleverna fullföljer inte sin gymnasieutbildning inom utsatt tid. Den stora andelen gymnasieavhopp är ett problem för såväl individerna som för samhället i stort. Ungdomar som inte fullföljer sin gymnasieutbildning har svårt att få varaktiga arbeten. De kan inte heller studera vidare och löper risk att hamna i utanförskap. Motala kommun arbetar nu med ett lovande samverkansprojekt som ska förhindra avhopp från skolan.
Förstår, följer och har elever nytta av lärares instruktioner?
Authors: Samuelsson Marcus
Published: February 2019

Behöver elever vara detektiver för att förstå lärares instruktioner eller har de lärt sig att följa instruktionernas logik fastän de inte går att få ihop?
Lärar-elevrelationens betydelse i antimobbningsarbetet
Authors: Thornberg Robert
Published: February 2019

Lärare som är varma, lyhörda och stödjande minskar risken för mobbning i skolan. Lärare som medvetet arbetar för att utveckla och bibehålla sådana relationer med sina elever gör skolan till en tryggare plats. Dessutom är det gynnsamt för elevernas skolprestationer.
Föräldraidentiteter som skapas och formas under inskolningen i förskolan
Authors: Simonsson Maria
Published: February 2019

Förskolestarten börjar med inskolning. Den här tiden är en omvälvande period inte bara för barnet utan för hela familjen. Vårdnadshavarna måste lära sig att bli trygga förskoleföräldrar, att  hjälpa sitt barn under inskolningen, att bidra med kunskaper om barnet och att hjälpa pedagogerna att tolka barnets beteende och önskningar under inskolningen.
Förskolebarn löser problem med matematiska handlingar i legoleken
Authors: Albinsson Anders
Published: February 2019

Det behövs matematisk kompetent förskolepersonal som är närvarande och deltagande i barns lekaktiviteter som kan stötta och utveckla barns problemlösande. Förskolepersonal som kan synliggöra vad, hur och varför barn använder matematik för problemlösning så barn blir medvetna om sina matematiska handlingar.
Avtryck som synliggör
Authors: Samuelsson Marcus
Published: February 2019

Ensamarbetets dagar är till ända, för elevers och lärares skull. Fast vi är inte riktigt där än. I väntan på detta finns det anledning att uppmärksamma om och hur pedagogiskt förhållningssätt skiljer sig åt i ett kollegium.
Socialt samspel i förskolan: datorspelande, språkanvändning och tambursamtal
Authors: Björk-Willén Polly
Published: February 2019

Det är fri lek i förskolan. Otto och Lisa sitter framför datorn och spelar. Datorspelet de använder handlar om gubben Pettsons katt Findus som leker skeppsbrott, vilket innebär att spelaren ska föra Findus genom en hinderbana som går ut på att inte nudda golvet i Pettsons sal. Det är Otto som håller i musen och Lisa sitter engagerat bredvid och deltar genom att kommentera spelet. Samtidigt som barnen spelar så diskuterar de även andra saker.
Instability and Drift Phenomena in Switching RF-MEMS Microsystems
Authors: Mulloni Viviana
Published: February 2019

MEMS switches include mobile beams in their mechanical structure and these suspended parts are essential for the device functioning. This paper illustrates the most important instability phenomena related to MEMS switches. Starting from the most important instability exploited in these devices—the electrical actuation—the paper also analyzes other important effects related to instability phenomena, which are very common in this type of technology. Instabilities due to dielectric charge trapping, fabrication tolerances, mechanical deformation, contact wear, and temperature variation are duly analyzed, giving a comprehensive view of the complexity encountered in the reliable functioning of these apparently simple devices.
Selection of Salicylic Acid Tolerant Epilines in Brassica napus
Authors: Klemme Sonja , De Smet Yorick , Cammue Bruno P. A. , De Block Marc
Published: February 2019

Two of the major pathways involved in induced defense of plants against pathogens include the salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)-mediated pathways that act mainly against biotrophs and necrotrophs, respectively. However, some necrotrophic pathogens, such as Botrytis cinerea, actively induce the SA pathway, resulting in cell death that allows the pathogen to proliferate in the plant. Starting from an isogenic canola (Brassica napus) line, epilines were selected with a reduced sensitivity to SA. The genes belonging to the SA pathway had an altered transcription profile in the SA-tolerant lines, when treated with SA. Besides the already known genes of the SA pathway, new SA target genes were identified, creating possibilities to better understand the plant defense mechanism against pathogens. The SA-tolerant line with the lowest SA-induced gene expression is tolerant to Botrytis cinerea. When treated with SA, this line has also a reduced histone modification (histone H3 lysine 4 trimethylation) at the genes at the start of the SA pathway.
Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Erythrocytes and in the Central Nervous System
Authors: Franco Rafael , Navarro Gemma , Martínez-Pinilla Eva
Published: February 2019

Differential antioxidant action is found upon comparison of organ/tissue systems in the human body. In erythrocytes (red blood cells), which transport oxygen and carbon dioxide through the circulatory system, the most important issue is to keep hemoglobin in a functional state that requires maintaining the haem group in ferrous (Fe2+) state. Conversion of oxidized Fe3+ back into Fe2+ in hemoglobin needs a special mechanism involving a tripeptide glutathione, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, and glucose and NADPH as suppliers of reducing power. Fava beans are probably a good resource to make the detox innate system more robust as the pro-oxidant molecules in this food likely induce the upregulation of members of such mechanisms. The central nervous system consumes more oxygen than the majority of human tissues, i.e., 20% of the body’s total oxygen consumption and, therefore, it is exposed to a high level of oxidative stress. This fact, together with the progressive age-related decline in the efficiency of the antioxidant defense system, leads to neuronal death and disease. The innate mechanism operating in the central nervous system is not well known and seems different to that of the erythrocytes. The strategies of antioxidant intervention in brain will be reviewed here.
Pipe Crack Recognition Based on Eddy Current NDT and 2D Impedance Characteristics
Authors: Dai Lianshuang , Feng Hao , Wang Ting , Xuan Wenbo , Liang Ziqian , Yang Xinqi
Published: February 2019

Girth weld cracking of long-distance oil and gas pipelines yields substantial harm to pipeline safety and may cause serious accidents. As of today, non-destructive testing has been one of the most common methods for predicting potential faults and ensuring safe operation. Classical pipeline non-destructive testing methods include magnetic flux leakage testing and the use of ultrasonic testing by electromagnetic acoustic transducers. However, they are incapable of identifying the defects in complex surfaces like girth welds. Magnetic flux leakage testing exhibits poor anti-interference abilities and low space resolution. Ultrasonic testing by electromagnetic acoustic transducers suffer from low conversion efficiency and poor signal quality. In order to overcome the disadvantages of conventional pipeline non-destructive testing methods, we propose an embedded eddy current testing system by leveraging image processing and neural networks. Hough transform and the contour extraction technique are employed to extract the characteristic features from the two-dimensional (2D) eddy current impedance image. Experiment results show that the system can effectively identify the girth weld defects, featuring an accuracy of up to 92%. The low power consumption and compactness of the proposed system makes it a great candidate for pipeline inner inspection.
Enhancement of the Localization Effect during Electrochemical Machining of Inconel 718 by Using an Alkaline Solution
Authors: Wang Dengyong , He Bin , Cao Wenjian
Published: February 2019

Electrochemical machining (ECM) is a cost-effective method for the machining of difficult-to-cut Inconel 718 superalloy. However, the machining accuracy of ECM is still limited by the poor localization effect due to the existence of stray corrosion. In this paper, a mixed solution of neutral NaNO3 and alkaline NaOH is used to improve the localization effect during ECM of Inconel 718. The potentiodynamic polarization curves and current efficiencies for metal dissolution are measured, and the micro morphologies are examined. The results show that the use of an alkaline solution can promote the formation of a compact passive film on the surface of Inconel 718. ECM tests with cylindrical electrodes are specially designed to verify the effect of alkaline solution on the localization of anodic dissolution. The experimental results indicated that the stray corrosion of the non-machined surface of Inconel 718 alloy can be effectively eliminated by using a mixed solution of NaNO3 and NaOH. The surface roughness of the non-machined area can be noticeably improved.
High-Gain Waveguide-Fed Circularly Polarized Spidron Fractal Aperture Antenna
Authors: Trinh-Van Son , Thi Thuy Nguyen , Yang Youngoo , Lee Kang-Yoon , Jung Kyung-Young , Hwang Keum Cheol
Published: February 2019

A high-gain rectangular waveguide-fed aperture antenna that uses a Spidron fractal structure to produce circular polarization is proposed. The antenna consists of a Spidron fractal aperture etched onto the ground plane of a dielectric substrate that is directly excited by a WR (Waveguide Rectangular)-90 waveguide-to-coax adapter. A superstrate was implemented at an appropriate distance above the antenna to enhance the broadside gain significantly. An antenna prototype was fabricated and tested to validate the design. The measured impedance bandwidth for | S 11 | ≤ −10 dB is 9.89–11.58 GHz (15.74%). The corresponding measured 3 dB axial ratio (AR) bandwidth is 10.68–11.00 GHz (2.95%), and within the measured 3 dB AR bandwidth, a maximum realized gain of 9.59 dBic is achieved. The radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are presented and discussed.
Performance Analysis and Experimental Research of Electromagnetic-Ring Active Balancing Actuator for Hollow Rotors of Machine Tool Spindles
Authors: Pan Xin , He Xiaotian , Wei Kunzhu , Wu Haiqi , Gao Jinji , Jiang Zhinong
Published: February 2019

Active balancing actuators are essential components of intelligent machine tool spindles to automatically reduce the unbalance vibration and promote machining accuracy and efficiency. In this study, a novel electromagnetic-ring actuator is introduced, which can be integrated into the hollow rotor of the spindle and compensate the initial mass imbalance through step rotation of two counterweight discs driven by the magnetic field. The working principle of the actuator is described in detail and its performance is analyzed, including balancing ability, balancing accuracy and self-lock capacity. To control the normal operation of the actuator, a phase detection and control program was developed. Finally, to verify the effectiveness of the novel actuator, function experiments and active balancing experiments were carried out. The experimental results show that the novel actuator could reduce the unbalance vibration of the machine tool spindle by 87.5% at 3600 rpm.
Process Simulation and Economic Evaluation of Bio-Oil Two-Stage Hydrogenation Production
Authors: Ma Xiaoyuechuan , Pang Shusheng , Zhang Ruiqin , Xu Qixiang
Published: February 2019

Bio-oil hydrogenation upgrading process is a method that can convert crude bio-oil into high-quality bio-fuel oil, which includes two stages of mild and deep hydrogenation. However, coking in the hydrogenation process is the key issue which negatively affects the catalyst activity and consequently the degree of hydrogenation in both stages. In this paper, an Aspen Plus process simulation model was developed for the two-stage bio-oil hydrogenation demonstration plant which was used to evaluate the effect of catalyst coking on the bio-oil upgrading process and the economic performance of the process. The model was also used to investigate the effect of catalyst deactivation caused by coke deposition in the mild stage. Three reaction temperatures in the mild stage (250 °C, 280 °C, and 300 °C) were considered. The simulation results show that 45% yield of final product is obtained at the optimal reaction condition which is 280 °C for the mild stage and 400 °C for the deep stage. Economic analysis shows that the capital cost of industrial production is $15.2 million for a bio-oil upgrading plant at a scale of 107 thousand tons per year. The operating costs are predicted to be $1024.27 per ton of final product.