bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Video capsule endoscopy in patients with iron deficiency anaemia: experience at a regional Australian service
Authors: Furner Maddison , Nagel Robyn , Pinidiyapathirage Janani
Published: May 2022

Objective

The objective of this study was to identify the diagnostic performance of video capsule endoscopy (VCE) among patients presenting with iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) and negative bidirectional endoscopy to a gasteroendoscopy practice in regional Australia. The secondary objectives were to identify the distribution of findings and factors predictive of positive findings in a regional setting.

Results

In total 123 procedures were included in the study. Mean age of the patients was 67.9 years. Females made up 60.2% (n = 74) of the study population. Mean haemoglobin and ferritin levels were 93.3 g/L and 11.9 ug/L, respectively. Positive findings were present in 67 procedures (54.5%) with the most frequent finding being small bowel angiodysplasia (53.7%, n = 36/67), followed by ulceration/significant erosion (26.8%, n = 18/67), fresh blood (20.8%, n = 14/67) and tumour/polyp (16.4%, n = 11/67). Haemoglobin level was the only variable associated with positive findings (p = 0.005) in the study population. Of the procedures reporting positive findings outside the small bowel, the majority (80%) were within reach of conventional upper endoscopy and may have implications for future practice, particularly when allocating health resources in a rural setting.
Dialogue as a tool of nutrition literacy in an agricultural intervention programme in Odisha, India
Authors: Narayanan Rama , Panda Akshaya Kumar , Nithya D. J. , Bhavani R. V.
Published: May 2022

Background

An ongoing action research nutrition literacy programme based on Freire’s approach of raising critical consciousness through the use of dialogue as a pedagogic tool is being implemented as part of a nutrition sensitive agricultural intervention in tribal Odisha. One hundred and eight adults, referred to as Community Hunger Fighters (CHFs) underwent two modules of a residential training programme of two and a half days each, spread over two months. Through discussion they explored the reasons behind the lack of diversity in their daily diets and identified the social, economic and cultural barriers to food intake in the context of their own poverty. They undertook collective exercises in nutrition sensitive agricultural planning. The transformative behaviour of the CHFs was captured through observation, interviews and focus group discussion with a set of qualitative indicators.

Results

The methodology of dialogue as a pedagogic tool generated a discussion about food security among the community. CHFs identified key messages and shared them with fellow villagers in imaginative ways. The process of critical reflection and analysis helped understand gender disparities, the bottlenecks in food production, brought in life style changes to improve food intake and created a demand for technical training for improving agricultural productivity. Thirty eight had started a nutri-garden and several took on leadership roles on other issues of importance besides food security.

Conclusion

Dialogue as a pedagogic tool for nutrition literacy in an agricultural intervention programme has the potential to facilitate a process of critical reflection on the socio cultural and economic barriers to food production and consumption thereby leading to transformative action.
International Comparisons of Clinical Demographics and Outcomes in the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms Tumor 2001 Trial and Study
Authors: de Aguirre-Neto Joaquim Caetano , de Camargo Beatriz , van Tinteren Harm , Bergeron Christophe , Brok Jesper , Ramírez-Villar Gema , Verschuur Arnauld , Furtwängler Rhoikos , Howell Lisa , Saunders Daniel , Olsen Oystein , Coulomb Aurore , Vokuhl Christian , Godzinski Jan , Smets Anne M. , Vujanic Gordan M. , van den Heuvel-Eibrink Marry M. , Graf Norbert , Pritchard-Jones Kathy
Published: May 2022

PURPOSE

International comparisons of patient demographics, tumor characteristics, and survival can shed light on areas for health care system improvement. The International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms Tumor 2001 trial/study registered patients through national clinical study groups in Western Europe and Brazil. This retrospective post hoc analysis of the International Society of Pediatric Oncology Wilms Tumor 2001 database aims to make visible and suggest reasons for any variations in outcomes.

METHODS

All patients with unilateral Wilms tumor (WT), age > 6 months, treated with preoperative chemotherapy as per protocol, and registered between 2001 and 2011 were eligible. Countries were grouped to give comparable case numbers and geographical representation. Cox univariable and multivariable (MVA) statistics were applied, with the German collaborative group (Gesellschaft für Pädiatrische Onkologie und Hämatologie—Austria, Germany, and Switzerland) as reference for hazard ratios for event-free survival (EFS) and overall survival (OS).

RESULTS

A total of 3,176 eligible patients were registered from 24 countries assigned into six groups. Age and histologic risk group distribution were similar across all groupings. The distribution of WT stage varied by country grouping, with 14.9% (range, 11.1%-18.2%) metastatic at diagnosis. Median follow-up was 78.9 months. For localized WT, 5-year EFS varied from 80% (Brazilian group) to 91% (French group; P < .0001), retaining significance only for Brazil in MVA ( P = .001). Five-year OS varied from 89% (Brazilian group) to 98% (French group; P < .0001). In MVA, only superior OS in France was significant ( P = .001). Five-year EFS/OS for stage IV did not vary significantly. High-risk histology and tumor volume at surgery were significantly associated with increased risk of death in MVA for metastatic disease.

CONCLUSION

International benchmarking of survival rates from WT within a large trial/study database has demonstrated statistically significant differences. Clinical interpretation should take account of variation in tumor stage but also treatment factors.
Paracrine Regulation of Adipose Tissue Macrophages by Their Neighbors in the Microenvironment of Obese Adipose Tissue
Authors: Wang Kai , Wang Yuan-Yuan , Wu Liang-Liang , Jiang Li-Yan , Hu Yin , Xiao Xin-Hua , Wang Ya-Di
Published: May 2022

Obesity has recently been defined as a chronic low-grade inflammatory disease. Obesity-induced inflammation of adipose tissue (AT) is an essential trigger for insulin resistance (IR) and related metabolic diseases. Although the underlying molecular basis of this inflammation has not been fully identified, there is consensus that the recruited and activated macrophages in AT are the most important culprits of AT chronic inflammation. Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) are highly plastic and could be polarized from an anti-inflammatory M2 to proinflammatory M1 phenotypes on stimulation by microenvironmental signals from obese AT. Many efforts have been made to elucidate the molecular signaling pathways of macrophage polarization; however, the upstream drivers governing and activating macrophage polarization have rarely been summarized, particularly regulatory messages from the AT microenvironment. In addition to adipocytes, the AT bed also contains a variety of immune cells, stem cells, as well as vascular, neural, and lymphatic tissues throughout, which together orchestrate the AT microenvironment. Here, we summarize how the aforesaid neighbors of ATMs in the AT microenvironment send messages to ATMs and thus regulate its phenotype during obesity. Deciphering the biology and polarization of ATMs in the obese environment is expected to provide a precise immunotherapy for adipose inflammation and obesity-related metabolic diseases.
Firearm-Related Pediatric Head Trauma: A Scoping Review
Authors: Gadot Ron , LoPresti Melissa A. , Smith David N. , Ouellette Lara , Lam Sandi
Published: May 2022

BACKGROUND:

Firearm-related injury is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric populations. Despite a disproportionate role in the most morbid outcomes in both traumatic brain injury and firearm-related injury populations, firearm-related traumatic brain injury (frTBI) is an understudied epidemiological entity. There is need to increase understanding and promote interventions that reduce this burden of disease.

OBJECTIVE:

To assess the evidence characterizing pediatric frTBI to highlight trends and gaps regarding burden of disease and interventions to reduce frTBI.

METHODS:

We conducted a scoping review under Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses-Scoping Review (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines on peer-reviewed studies across 5 databases (Medline OVID, EMBASE, Web of Science Legal Collection, PsychINFO, and Academic Search Complete). English studies examining pediatric frTBI epidemiology, prevention, and/or social or legal policy advocacy were included. Articles were excluded if they more generally discussed pediatric firearm-related injury without specific analysis of frTBI.

RESULTS:

Six studies satisfied inclusion criteria after screening and full-text assessment. Limited studies specifically addressed the burden of disease caused by frTBI. There was an increased risk for both injury and death from frTBI in men, preteenage and teenage youths, minorities, and individuals in firearm-owning households. Further study is required to ascertain if suggested methods of targeted patient screening, firearm-injury prevention counseling, and advocacy of safety-oriented policy tangibly affect rates or outcomes of pediatric frTBI.

CONCLUSION:

By understanding published epidemiological data and areas of intervention shown to reduce frTBIs, neurosurgeons can become further engaged in public health and prevention rather than strictly treatment after injury.
Economics of Foster Care
Authors: Bald Anthony , Doyle Joseph J. , Gross Max , Jacob Brian A.
Published: May 2022

Foster care provides substitute living arrangements to protect maltreated children. The practice is remarkably common: it is estimated that 5 percent of children in the United States are placed in foster care at some point during childhood. This paper describes the main tradeoffs in child welfare policy and provides background on policy and practice most in need of rigorous evidence. Trends include efforts to prevent foster care on the demand side and to improve foster home recruitment on the supply side. With increasing data availability and a growing interest in evidence-based practices, there are opportunities for economic research to inform policies that protect vulnerable children.
The Cumulative Costs of Racism and the Bill for Black Reparations
Authors: Darity William , Mullen A. Kirsten , Slaughter Marvin
Published: May 2022

Two major procedures for establishing the monetary value of a plan for reparations for Black American descendants of US slavery are considered in this paper: 1) Enumeration of atrocities and assignment of a dollar value to each as a prelude to adding up the total, and 2) Identification of a summary measure that captures the dollar amount of the cumulative, intergenerational effects of anti-Black atrocities. Under the first approach, the itemization strategy, we assess wage costs to the enslaved of bondage; financial gains to the perpetrators of slavery; damages to Black victims of post-Civil War white massacres and lynchings; losses from discrimination in the provision of the home buying supports from the Federal Housing Administration and the G.I. Bill; and income penalties due to racial discrimination in employment. Under the second approach, the global indicator strategy, we calculate the present value of providing 40 acres of land to freed slaves in 1865 and the current wealth gap between Black and White Americans. We conclude that the latter standard, the racial wealth gap, provides the best gauge for the size of the bill for Black reparations.
Κριτική προσέγγιση ζητημάτων της Κοινωνικής και Πολιτικής Αγωγής στο Δημοτικό μέσω έργων τέχνης
Authors: Χρήστου Μαρία
Published: May 2022

Το μάθημα της Κοινωνικής και Πολιτικής Αγωγής στην Πρωτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση συμβάλλει στην καλλιέργεια ικανοτήτων διαχείρισης και αντιμετώπισης κοινωνικών και ηθικών προβλημάτων της ζωής και του κοινωνικού περιβάλλοντος των μαθητών. Η ανάπτυξη των συγκεκριμένων ικανοτήτων προϋποθέτει την καλλιέργεια οριζόντιων ικανοτήτων των μαθητών, όπως είναι η κριτική-εμπεριστατωμένη σκέψη, η δημιουργικότητα, η πρωτοβουλία, η συνεργασία, η ενσυναίσθηση και κυρίως ο κριτικός στοχασμός, με την έννοια της επαναξιολόγησης των δυσλειτουργικών απόψεων που μπορεί να εκφράζουν οι μαθητές για συγκεκριμένα ζητήματα στα οποία έχουν εμπειρία. Και αυτό γιατί οι μαθητές προκειμένου να μπορέσουν να διαχειριστούν και να αντιμετωπίσουν κοινωνικά και ηθικά προβλήματα της ζωής και του κοινωνικού τους περιβάλλοντος, συχνά χρειάζεται να προβούν σε ποιοτική αλλαγή του τρόπου σκέψης και συμπεριφοράς τους, γεγονός που θέτει τις βάσεις για τη σταδιακή ανάπτυξη ενός περισσότερο χειραφετητικού τρόπου σκέψης μέχρι να φτάσουν στο στάδιο της ενηλικίωσής τους. Στο παρόν άρθρο επιχειρείται να αναδειχθεί η σημασία αξιοποίησης σημαντικών έργων τέχνης στο γνωστικό αντικείμενο της Κοινωνικής και Πολιτικής Αγωγής στο Δημοτικό για την κριτική προσέγγιση κοινωνικών ζητημάτων που θίγονται στο ισχύον Αναλυτικό Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών. Αρχικά επισημαίνεται η σημασία καλλιέργειας οριζόντιων ικανοτήτων διά βίου μάθησης από την Πρωτοβάθμια Εκπαίδευση με στόχο την αποφυγή καλλιέργειας ενός μονοδιάστατου τρόπου σκέψης των μαθητών. Προκειμένου να επιτευχθεί αυτό, είναι απαραίτητη όχι απλά η ανάπτυξη της κριτικής-εμπεριστατωμένης σκέψης των μαθητών, η οποία βασίζεται στους κανόνες της λογικής και στοιχεία της είναι η ερμηνεία, η τεκμηρίωση, η ανάλυση και η αξιολόγηση μιας κατάστασης, αλλά η καλλιέργεια πτυχών του κριτικού στοχασμού των μαθητών. Ο κριτικός στοχασμός περιλαμβάνει όλα τα στοιχεία της κριτικής-εμπεριστατωμένης σκέψης, αλλά και την επαναξιολόγηση των βαθιά εδραιωμένων πεποιθήσεων του ατόμου, τον έλεγχο της εγκυρότητας των επιχειρημάτων στα οποία εδράζονται οι πεποιθήσεις αυτές και τη διερεύνηση των συνεπειών τους, με απώτερο στόχο τον μετασχηματισμό των δυσλειτουργικών του απόψεων για κάποιο θέμα που μελετάται. Στη συνέχεια του άρθρου γίνεται αναφορά στην αξιοποίηση της τέχνης ως μέσο ενεργοποίησης του κριτικού στοχασμού των εκπαιδευομένων. Κατόπιν, αναδεικνύεται η θέση που κατέχει η τέχνη στο ισχύον Αναλυτικό Πρόγραμμα Σπουδών για την Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Αγωγή στο Δημοτικό. Ακολουθεί η παρουσίαση δύο ενδεικτικών διδακτικών παρεμβάσεων σε ένα συγκεκριμένο κεφάλαιο από την Κοινωνική και Πολιτική Αγωγή της Ε΄ Δημοτικού, όπου αξιοποιούνται έργα τέχνης με στόχο την ανάπτυξη πτυχών του κριτικού στοχασμού των μαθητών. Στο τέλος γίνεται συζήτηση και εξαγωγή συμπερασμάτων. Σε όλο το άρθρο χρησιμοποιείται ένα γένος, χάριν οικονομίας του λόγου, χωρίς αυτό να παραπέμπει σε οποιαδήποτε διάκριση με βάση το φύλο.
THE TOPIC OF OBJECTIVITY OF KNOWLEDGE AS A SOCIOCULTURAL PROBLEM
Authors: TOTROVA Z.H.
Published: May 2022

The actualization of this topic is explained by modern information technologies, which center the question of knowledge, as such, before its practical application. The purpose of the article is to analyze the topic of objectivity of knowledge, as a sociocultural problem, involving consideration of the relationship of various forms of skepticism with the sociocultural context. Research methods are philosophical and general logical. Research results. Pyrrhonian skepticism reflects the personal, socio-political and economic crisis of the Hellenistic era. The complete and consistent development of the views of extreme skeptics in practice turns into an apology for force or chaos. The time of M. Montaigne is characterized by the conjugation of historical optimism with paradigm instability, the struggle of ideas and socio-cultural structures for the right to exist. Hence the appeal to the subject, as to the basis that determines the stability of social and personal existence.
LEXICO-SEMANTIC FIELD “FOOD” IN THE SERIES OF NOVELS BY J. GALSWORTHY “THE FORSYTE SAGA” AND “MODERN COMEDY”
Authors: PODDUBSKAYA O.N. , ROMANOV N.R.
Published: May 2022

The article is devoted to the research of lexical-semantic field “Food” based on the study and analysis of the vocabulary on the topic in the novels “The Forsyte Saga” and “Modern Comedy” by J. Galsworthy, as well as the menu of restaurants in modern Britain. The relevance of the article is in the study of the difference between the lexical-semantic fields, which allows to determine how the “food code” of the nation changed at a certain stage of the society development.
THE FEATURES OF CREATING AN INFORMATION BASE DURING CONSIDERATION OF THE TRANSPORT SYSTEM
Authors: LVOVICH Ya.Ye. , PREOBRAZHENSKIY A.P. , PREOBRAZHENSKIY Yu.P.
Published: May 2022

The paper deals with the task associated with the development of software for the information base of transport systems. An illustration of the results achieved on the basis of the proposed approach is given.
ANXIETY DISORDERS AMONG STUDENTS OF MEDICAL HIGHER EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS (LITERATURE REVIEW)
Authors: MOSKALENKO O.L. , YASKEVICH R.A.
Published: May 2022

The review of literature on the actual problem of medicine - anxiety disorders among medical students presented. The need to study the problem of anxiety disorders among students of medical higher educational institutions is due to their high frequency and negative impact on the quality of life of students.
EXPERIENCE OF DENERVATION OF INTERVERTEBRAL JOINTS OF THE LUMBAR SPINE
Authors: YARIKOV A.V. , SMIRNOV I.I.
Published: May 2022

In this work, the immediate and long-term results of denervation of intervertebral joints in 30 patients with pain syndrome in the lumbar spine were studied. The catamnesis was collected from 18 patients in terms from 1.7 months to 18 months after surgery. Pain syndrome on a visually analog scale after surgery decreased by an average of 20-30 mm. Subclinically expressed anxiety/depression persists in all patients with a “good” result of treatment, the assessment was carried out using the hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). According to the Nurick scale, treatment results were assessed at level 2 (improvement) in 93.3% of cases (n=28), level 3 (unchanged condition) - 6.7% of cases (n=2). According to the results of the study, denervation of the intervertebral joints is an effective minimally invasive method of treating facet syndrome. It allows in the early and long-term postoperative periods to significantly reduce the pain syndrome and improve the quality of life of patients. The authors also admit that the pain syndrome in the back is polyethological, which requires careful selection of patients for this type of procedure.
Duchowa bezużyteczność Onezyma problemem Filemona? Sprawdzenie podstaw tezy B. Adamczewskiego na temat listu do Filemona
Authors: Olek Grzegorz
Published: May 2022

Artykuł Duchowa bezużyteczność Onezyma problemem Filemona? jest poświęcony sprawdzeniu podstaw tezy B. Adamczewskiego nt. listu do Filemona, który w komentarzu z serii NKB.NT twierdzi, iż kluczem do zrozumienia kontekstu listu jest nieużyteczność duchowa niewolnika Onezyma w domu chrześcijanina Filemona. Okazało się, że jest to teza przejęta bezpośrednio od J.M. Ryan i poszerzona argumentacyjnie. W ramach artykułu dokonano analizy literatury starożytnej, na którą powołuje się Adamczewski, aby uprawdopodobnić postawioną tezę – są to Diatryby Epikteta, 1 list Klemensa Rzymskiego oraz List Ignacego Antiocheńskiego do Polikarpa. W trakcie analizy okazało się, że żaden z przywołanych tekstów nie pozwala uprawdopodobnić postawionej tezy, a wręcz przeciwnie – opisują one zjawiska o innym charakterze i stoją w sprzeczności względem idealistycznej wizji relacji pomiędzy Filemonem a Onezymem, jak i ogólnie pomiędzy niewolnikami-chrześcijanami i panami-chrześcijanami, której można się doszukać w tezie Adamczewskiego.
Homo oeconomicus: Pojęcie, model, zastosowania
Authors: Guzik Tomasz
Published: May 2022

The book discusses two research issues. The first one consists in reconstructing the model of the economic man, which is based on the classically understood theory of rational choice. The second problem comes down to proving that the normative model of an individual’s activity reconstructed that way can be used in the law at various levels. The thesis consists of three parts. The first part contains an overview of the philosophical and scientific achievements in the field of rationality as well as of the mechanisms of human decision-making. The section provides an in-depth analysis of modern concepts of rationality along with contemporary approaches to homo oeconomicus (from the representatives of Scottish Enlightenment, through Marginal Revolution, to the Neoclassical Economics and the Austrian School). In addition, contemporary decision-making models, i.e. behavioural, psychological and neuroscientific models are also discussed. The second part of the book is devoted to the reconstruction of the postulated model. Ultimately, it consists of three components: instrumental rationality, utility, and egoism. The last part focuses on presenting various possibilities of using the reconstructed model in law. In particular, its applications in the areas of creating, interpreting and applying law are demonstrated. Moreover, acting as a paradigm of human action, the concept of homo oeconomicus can be used to enhance conducting economic analysis of selected fields of law. The book, by adopting the assumption that consumers and taxpayers are homines oeconomici, demonstrates what requirements tax and consumer law should meet in order to be economically effective. The summary gathers the conclusions from the whole work.
Adapting Reinforcement Learning Treatment Policies Using Limited Data to Personalize Critical Care
Authors: Baucum Matt , Khojandi Anahita , Vasudevan Rama , Davis Robert
Published: May 2022

Reinforcement learning (RL) demonstrates promise for developing effective treatment policies in critical care settings. However, existing RL methods often require large and comprehensive patient data sets and do not readily lend themselves to settings in which certain patient subpopulations are severely underrepresented. In this study, we develop a new method, noisy Bayesian policy updates (NBPU), for selecting high-performing reinforcement learning–based treatment policies for underrepresented patient subpopulations using limited observations. Our method uses variational inference to learn a probability distribution over treatment policies based on a reference patient subpopulation for which sufficient data are available. It then exploits limited data from an underrepresented patient subpopulation to update this probability distribution and adapts its recommendations to this subpopulation. We demonstrate our method’s utility on a data set of ICU patients receiving intravenous blood anticoagulant medication. Our results show that NBPU outperforms state-of-the-art methods in terms of both selecting effective treatment policies for patients with nontypical clinical characteristics and predicting the corresponding policies’ performance for these patients.
Traversing Magical Realism in Postcolonial Literature
Authors: Nurhidayah Sri , Setiawan Rahmat
Published: May 2022

This article aims at traversing historical traces, concepts, and characteristics of magical realism and how it is pertinent in literary analysis. The pivot of the conceptual framework of this article in on Faris’ perspective on magical realism. The approach of this study is grounded theory. The data are quotations taken from referential books and journals. The techniques of data collection are documentation and quoting. The technique of analysis is thematic interpretation. This article figures out that magical realism deconstructs the status of magical and the real into a somersaulting realm. Western historical narrative establishes the real through rationality and alienates the magical which is identical to the East, the Other, or the indigenous. This rational narrative is propagandized and turns to be power relation. Therefore, magical realism, through some literary works, deconstructs the rational perspective with logical-magical narrative as one of postcolonial studies.
The Speech Act of Thanking in Shakespeare: The Case of Romeo and Juliet and All’s Well that Ends Well
Authors: Beloufa Chahra
Published: May 2022

Shakespeare’s written words are not innocent. Many individual words from his dramatic texts can be “obscure or impenetrable”. They are not only meant to embellish the scene and the context, yet their elaboration is aimed to set up meaning and effect. In this part, we will analyze and look at how this utterance operates in characters’ dialogues. We will try to highlight Shakespeare conventionalized thank you, which can be not only a sign of gratitude but a complex emotion that adds to the dramatic situation. In the construction of Shakespeare's dialogues in the plays, many linguistic features are omnipresent and do serve a variety of functions. From a linguistic perspective, thanking is a conversational routine such as advising, requesting and complementing, yet in the use of thanking expressions, there is genuine artistry that Shakespeare wittingly invented. Some words carry risks when negotiating actions. We might think primarily of insults, criticisms and curses. These negative speech acts are not the only damaging and threatening in speech, there is also thanksgiving, which can be regarded as an element bearing risks. The present study focuses on the speech act of thanking in the Shakespearean corpus. The word "thanks" and the formula "I thank you" occurred more than four hundred times in the 37 plays of Shakespeare. Was "thanking" a sincere speech act that acted in the fictional setting of the play? What are the reasons that lead to "thanks" in 16th century Shakespeare? Did Shakespeare succeed to use “thanks” as a successful performative speech act that acts when it is said, or are "thanks" a simple language ornament? To answer these questions, we are going to select specific scenes from Shakespeare's All's Well that Ends Well and Romeo and Juliet examining how the speech act of thanking operates in the plays.
CONSTRUÇÕES GRAMATICAIS E PONTO DE VISTA AS CONCESSIVAS [EMBORA P, Q] E AS CONDICIONAIS CONCESSIVAS [SE P, Q]
Authors: Ferrari Lilian Vieira , Ribeiro Gabriela Silva
Published: May 2022

Este trabalho contrasta construções concessivas [Embora P, Q] e condicionais concessivas [Se P, Q] em textos jornalísticos do português brasileiro. Com base no Princípio de Não-Sinonímia (GOLDBERG, 1995), evidencia-se que essas construções apresentam diferenças pragmáticas que podem ser explicadas a partir da alternância de ponto de vista na rede de espaços mentais na qual se inserem (FAUCONNIER, 1994, 1997; CUTRER, 1994; DANCYGIER & SWEETSER, 2012). A análise destaca que, nas concessivas [Embora P,Q], o ponto de vista é alocado no espaço Base,  referente ao aqui e agora do jornalista.  Já nas condicionais concessivas [Se P, Q], o ponto de vista é deslocado para um espaço de discurso reportado, referente à fala de uma terceira pessoa reportada anteriormente no discurso.  Associadas às diferentes estratégias de sinalização de ponto de vista, essas construções também refletem posturas epistêmicas distintas. As concessivas refletem postura epistêmica positiva e, portanto, comprometimento do jornalista com a factualidade do evento descrito na cláusula introduzida por “embora”, enquanto as condicionais concessivas refletem postura epistêmica neutra, indicando que o jornalista expressa neutralidade  com relação à factualidade do evento reportado na prótase condicional introduzida por “se”.
A COMPLEMENTARIDADE DA GRAMATICALIZAÇÃO E DA CONSTRUCIONALIZAÇÃO PARA A PESQUISA DA FORMAÇÃO DE MARCADORES DISCURSIVOS EM PORTUGUÊS
Authors: Oliveira Mariangela Rios de , Sambrana Vania Rosana Mattos
Published: May 2022

O artigo defende a complementaridade de dois pressupostos teóricos funcionalistas para o estudo da mudança linguística que deriva na formação de marcadores discursivos de base verbal ver no português, como em vejamos e veja lá. Assumimos que gramaticalização (GIVÓN, 1979; HOPPER, 1991) e construcionalização gramatical (TRAUGOTT e TROUSDALE, 2013; HILPERT, 2014) podem ser compatibilizados para a descrição e a análise desses constituintes, como proposto em Traugott (2021), a partir dos contextos de uso desses constituintes (DIEWALD e SMIRNOVA, 2021).
PRÁTICAS DE EDUCAÇÃO MUSEAL ONLINE FORJADAS NA/COM AS REDES SOCIAIS DIGITAIS DA SEÇÃO DE ASSISTÊNCIA AO ENSINO DO MUSEU NACIONAL (SAE/MN)
Authors: Marti Frieda Maria
Published: May 2022

O distanciamento físico e social gerada pela pandemia de COVID-19 causou o fechamento da maioria dos museus (94,7%). Estes voltaram sua atenção para as tecnologias digitais em rede (TDR) para manterem contato com seus públicos. A pandemia desvelou a difícil realidade enfrentada pelos profissionais da Educação Museal no Brasil e no resto do mundo, provocando debates locais e internacionais sobre profissionalização, demissões e formação. Diante da importância do campo e de seus profissionais para garantir o cumprimento da função social dos museus e dos desafios emergentes relacionados à formação dos educadores museais frente ao cenário sociotécnico contemporâneo, temos como objetivo narrar e discutir algumas práticas de Educação Museal Online (EMO) forjadas na/com as redes sociais da Seção de Assistência ao Ensino do Museu Nacional (SAE/MN) e seus praticantes seguidores desde 2018. As práticas narradas têm como intencionalidade central fomentar a participação ativa dos praticantes seguidores das/nas redes da SAE. A variedade de usos de diferentes linguagens, mídias e formatos característicos da cibercultura, evidenciou as potencialidades comunicacionais das tecnologias digitais em rede (TDR) como meio para acionar a participação ativa dos praticantes seguidores em ambiências conversacionais interativas que geraram o compartilhamento de emoções, a partilha e a produção coletiva e coautoral de ‘conhecimentossignificações’ em rede. As práticas de EMO aqui narradas e discutidas representam o alinhamento dos ‘fazeressaberes’ da Educação Museal ao contexto sociotécnico e comunicacional contemporâneo, isto é, à cibercultura.
COLETIVOS CULTURAIS CINECLUBISTAS DA BAIXADA FLUMINENSE: um conjunto de panoramas
Authors: Moreira Leonardo Cesar Alves , D’Arrochella Marcio Luiz Gonçalves , Cupolillo Pedro De Almeida
Published: May 2022

O presente ensaio tem como objetivo realizar um estudo sobre dois Coletivos Culturais Cineclubistas da Baixada Fluminense, o Mate com Angu e Buraco do Getúlio, traçando um conjunto de panoramas sobre suas potencialidades educativas e de ocupação do espaço urbano através das relações entre os seus participantes, sujeitos periféricos (D’ANDREA, 2013), situados nos grupos que pluralizam e diversificam as juventudes contemporâneas (FEIXA, 2004; MARTÍN-BARBERO, 1997; DAYRELL, 2007). A partir deste estudo, são  discutidos os conceitos de coletivo cultural e de cineclube, à luz da bibliografia  disponível na plataforma de periódicos da CAPES e de pesquisa em documentos históricos, como revistas e estatutos que apresentam definições da prática cineclubista.  Procurando refletir sobre a dualidade entre centro e periferia, a partir da Baixada Fluminense, contexto onde esses Coletivos se mobilizam, discutimos sobre o direito à cultura na cidade e a forma de atuação dos coletivos culturais através de entrevistas realizadas com integrantes dos Coletivos Culturais Cineclubistas. Por fim, apresentamos um conjunto de panoramas, refletindo sobre temas como a cotidianidade, as cidades, as culturas em sua estrita relação à juventude contemporânea, mais especificamente dos sujeitos periféricos.
What is the adult experience of Perthes’ disease?
Authors: McGuire Molly F. , Vakulenko-Lagun Bella , Millis Michael B. , Almakias Roi , Cole Earl P. , Kim Harry K. W. ,   A study from the International Perthes Study Group
Published: May 2022

Aims

Perthes’ disease is an uncommon hip disorder with limited data on the long-term outcomes in adulthood. We partnered with community-based foundations and utilized web-based survey methodology to develop the Adult Perthes Survey, which includes demographics, childhood and adult Perthes’ disease history, the University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) Activity Scale item, Short Form-36, the Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score, and a body pain diagram. Here we investigate the following questions: 1) what is the feasibility of obtaining > 1,000 survey responses from adults who had Perthes’ disease using a web-based platform?; and 2) what are the baseline characteristics and demographic composition of our sample?

Methods

The survey link was available publicly for 15 months and advertised among support groups. Of 1,505 participants who attempted the Adult Perthes survey, 1,182 completed it with a median timeframe of 11 minutes (IQR 8.633 to 14.72). Participants who dropped out were similar to those who completed the survey on several fixed variables. Participants represented 45 countries including the USA (n = 570; 48%), UK (n = 295; 25%), Australia (n = 133; 11%), and Canada (n = 46; 4%). Of the 1,182 respondents, 58% were female and the mean age was 39 years (SD 12.6).

Results

Ages at onset of Perthes’ disease were < six years (n = 512; 43%), six to seven years (n = 321; 27%), eight to 11 years (n = 261; 22%), and > 11 years (n = 76; 6%), similar to the known age distribution of Perthes’ disease. During childhood, 40% (n = 476) of respondents had at least one surgery. Bracing, weightbearing restriction, and absence of any treatment varied significantly between USA and non-USA respondents (p < 0.001, p = 0.002, and p < 0.001, respectively). As adults, 22% (n = 261) had at least one total hip arthroplasty, and 30% (n = 347) had any type of surgery; both more commonly reported among women (p = 0.002).

Conclusion

While there are limitations due to self-sampling, our study shows the feasibility of obtaining a large set of patient-reported data from adults who had childhood Perthes’ from multiple countries. Cite this article: Bone Jt Open 2022;3(5):404–414.
Evaluation of the quality and mechanical resistance of eggs with the application of biodegradable coatings
Authors: Lopes Larissa Chivanski , Silva Alexandra Oliveira da , Luvielmo Márcia de Mello
Published: May 2022

The chicken egg is one of the most complete and balanced foods for human nutrition, representing an important source of animal protein of the highest quality. The application of coatings can extend the shelf life of these foods, minimizing the migration of moisture, gases (CO2 and O2), solutes and volatile aromatic compounds, and can even function as a vehicle for food additives. The objective of the present work was to test the effect of whey protein concentrate (WPC) based coatings with and without the addition of a lipid source (palm oil) on the quality and mechanical resistance of chicken eggs. The result of this study showed that the coating that offered the least loss of egg quality during storage was the WPC+oil coating. The presence of a lipid combined with a protein constituted a barrier to moisture and CO2; consequently, this coating presented lower values for weight loss and pH, as well as higher values for Haugh unit and shell strength, characterizing better quality eggs.
Autoencoder-based training for multi-illuminant color constancy
Authors: Vršnak Donik , Domislović Ilija , Subašić Marko , Lončarić Sven
Published: May 2022

Color constancy is an essential component of the human visual system. It enables us to discern the color of objects invariant to the illumination that is present. This ability is difficult to reproduce in software, as the underlying problem is ill posed, i.e., for each pixel in the image, we know only the RGB values, which are a product of the spectral characteristics of the illumination and the reflectance of objects, as well as the sensitivity of the sensor. To combat this, additional assumptions about the scene have to be made. These assumptions can be either handcrafted or learned using some deep learning technique. Nonetheless, they mostly work only for single illuminant images. In this work, we propose a method for learning these assumptions for multi-illuminant scenes using an autoencoder trained to reconstruct the original image by splitting it into its illumination and reflectance components. We then show that the estimation can be used as is or can be used alongside a clustering method to create a segmentation map of illuminations. We show that our method performs the best out of all tested methods in multi-illuminant scenes while being completely invariant to the number of illuminants.
Modulation instability generation with blue-detuned pump laser in coupled microcavities
Authors: Cheng Zihao , Huang Dongmei , Li Feng , Lu Chao , Wai P. K. A.
Published: May 2022

Optical frequency combs based on microcavities with Kerr nonlinearity are promising frequency comb sources for many applications. A typical Kerr soliton comb is generated in a nonlinear microcavity with anomalous dispersion pumped by a red-detuned continuous-wave laser. Modulation instability (MI) is the basis for Kerr soliton comb generation. In a microcavity with nearly zero dispersion, the first pair of MI modes can grow only with a red-detuned pump laser. In this paper, we find that MI generation is possible with blue-detuned pump lasers for coupled microcavities with nearly zero dispersion. We study a microcavity with Kerr nonlinearity coupled with an auxiliary microcavity, which has negligible nonlinearity. By theoretical analysis, we show that the coupled microcavities can create a region supporting MI generation in the blue-detuned side of the resonances of the nonlinear main cavity, whereas there is no blue-detuned MI generation in a single nonlinear microcavity. The properties of the blue-detuned MI region are determined by the coupling coefficient between the two microcavities, the loss of the auxiliary cavity, and the detuning between the modes of the two microcavities. The size and location of the blue-detuned MI region can be varied by tuning these parameters. Numerical simulations of MI generation based on the blue-detuned MI region in the coupled microcavities are presented. By considering more modes, MI comb generations with coupled microcavities having anomalous and normal dispersion are also numerically simulated.
Stitching method based on dual quaternion for cylindrical mirrors
Authors: Zhang Shuai , Hou Xi , Yan Wei , Zhang Changrui , Qin Die , Hu Xiaochuan , Li Mengfan , Quan Haiyang
Published: May 2022

In this study, a stitching method based on dual quaternion is proposed. The application of a dual quaternion in sub-aperture stitching interferometry is analyzed in detail, and a calculation method for sub-aperture stitching based on a dual quaternion is deduced. The experimental results demonstrate the accuracy of the stitching method proposed in this study (residuals of overlapping area approximately 0.22 nm RMS). Finally, the residual differences of 0.79 nm RMS between the figure errors are acquired with a stitching by parts algorithm based on the dual quaternion and long trace profiler (FSP at HEPS). The high-accuracy and high-efficiency stitching method proposed in this study will expand its application in the metrology and manufacture of long cylindrical mirrors.
Energy scaling of carrier-envelope-phase-stable sub-two-cycle pulses at 1.76 µm from hollow-core-fiber compression to 1.9 mJ
Authors: Zinchenko Kristina S. , Ardana-Lamas Fernando , Utrio Lanfaloni Valentina , Pertot Yoann , Luu Tran Trung , Wörner Hans Jakob
Published: May 2022

We present the energy scaling of a sub-two-cycle (10.4 fs) carrier-envelope-phase-stable light source centered at 1.76 µm to 1.9 mJ pulse energy. The light source is based on an optimized spectral-broadening scheme in a hollow-core fiber and a consecutive pulse compression with bulk material. This is, to our knowledge, the highest pulse energy reported to date from this type of sources. We demonstrate the application of this improved source to the generation of bright water-window soft-X-ray high harmonics. Combined with the short pulse duration, this source paves the way to the attosecond time-resolved water-window spectroscopy of complex molecules in aqueous solutions.
Natural layered mercury antimony sulfosalt livingstonite with anisotropic optical properties
Authors: Tripathi Ravi P. N. , Gao Jie , Yang Xiaodong
Published: May 2022

Naturally occurring layered mineral livingstonite is identified as a new type of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructure based 2D material, consisting of two commensurately modulated alternating layers of HgSb2S4 and Sb2S4. The heterostructures of livingstonite crystal are prepared as thin flakes via mechanical exfoliation method. The prepared livingstonite crystals are further investigated in the context of vibrational, linear, and nonlinear optical properties, including anisotropic Raman scattering, wavelength-dependent linear dichroism (LD) transition effect, birefringence, and anisotropic third-harmonic generation (THG). Owing to the monoclinic crystal structure, livingstonite crystals exhibit strong anisotropic vibrational and optical responses. In contrast to conventional vdW heterostructures, the anomalous LD transition effect and the evolution of butterfly-shaped THG emission pattern in livingstonite crystals are demonstrated. Furthermore, the third-order nonlinear susceptibility is estimated for livingstonite crystal using the thickness-dependent THG emission response. Overall, the discussed outcomes establish livingstonite as a new type of naturally grown vdW heterostructure based 2D material and offer insights in tailoring linear and nonlinear light-matter interactions in such vdW heterostructures, which may find further relevance in polarized optical applications and on-chip integrated photonic circuits.
Subsurface phytoplankton vertical structure observations using offshore fixed platform-based lidar in the Bohai Sea for offshore responses to Typhoon Bavi
Authors: Chen Peng
Published: May 2022

Subsurface phytoplankton vertical structure was observed using an offshore fixed platform-based lidar in the Bohai Sea for the first time. The lidar obtained two periods of continuous day-and-night measurements for a week. A hybrid retrieval method for the optical properties and chllorophyll-a concentration vertical structure of seawater using lidar data was developed. We studied offshore subsurface phytoplankton vertical variation responses to Typhoon Bavi. Significant changes in the intensity and depth of the subsurface phytoplankton maximum layer in the Bohai Sea may result from horizonal advection, light availability, and rainfall dilution following Typhoon Bavi. Preliminary results suggested that lidar measurements provide a new approach for understanding oceanic dynamics mechanisms at the submeso-mesoscale.
Establishment and clinical validation of an in-cell-ELISA-based assay for the rapid quantification of Rabies lyssavirus neutralizing antibodies
Authors: Schöler Lara , Le-Trilling Vu Thuy Khanh , Dittmer Ulf , Fiedler Melanie , Trilling Mirko
Published: May 2022

Neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) prevent the entry of viruses into permissive cells. Since nAbs represent correlates of protection against the Rabies lyssavirus, the presence of sufficient nAbs indicates effective vaccination. Accordingly, Rabies lyssavirus-specific nAb titers need to be determined in routine diagnostics to identify individuals being at risk of Rabies lyssavirus infections due to insufficient immunity. The current gold standard for the quantification of Rabies lyssavirus-specific nAbs is the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test (RFFIT). However, RFFITs are expensive and labor-intensive since multiple microplate wells must be evaluated one-by-one by trained personnel through microscopic inspection, which limits the number of samples that can be processed. To overcome this disadvantage, we established a novel assay for Rabies lyssavirus-specific nAbs relying on an in-cell-ELISA (icELISA)-based neutralization test (icNT). The icNT differs from the RFFIT in the readout phase, and can be automatically quantified in minutes using broadly available microplate readers. During the establishment, icNT parameters such as antibody concentrations, permeabilization procedures, blocking reagents, infectious doses, and the duration of infection were optimized. Afterwards, a dose-dependent detection of Rabies lyssavirus neutralization was demonstrated using the WHO Standard Rabies Immunoglobulin reference. A panel of 200 sera with known RFFIT titers revealed very good sensitivity and specificity of the icNT. Furthermore, the icNT showed very good intra- and inter-assay precision. By recognizing Rabies lyssavirus-specific antigens, the assay can be applied immediately to automatically quantify the concentration of Rabies lyssavirus nAbs in routine diagnostics or for various basic research questions such as screening for antiviral compounds.
The distinguishing NS5-M114V mutation in American Zika virus isolates has negligible impacts on virus replication and transmission potential
Authors: Peng Nias Y. G. , Amarilla Alberto A. , Hugo Leon E. , Modhiran Naphak , Sng Julian D. J. , Slonchak Andrii , Watterson Daniel , Setoh Yin Xiang , Khromykh Alexander A.
Published: May 2022

During 2015–2016, outbreaks of Zika virus (ZIKV) occurred in Southeast Asia and the Americas. Most ZIKV infections in humans are asymptomatic, while clinical manifestation is usually a self-limiting febrile disease with maculopapular rash. However, ZIKV is capable of inducing a range of severe neurological complications collectively described as congenital Zika syndrome (CZS). Notably, the scale and magnitude of outbreaks in Southeast Asia were significantly smaller compared to those in the Americas. Sequence comparison between epidemic-associated ZIKV strains from Southeast Asia with those from the Americas revealed a methionine to valine substitution at residue position 114 of the NS5 protein (NS5-M114V) in all the American isolates. Using an American isolate of ZIKV (Natal), we investigated the impact of NS5-M114V mutation on virus replication in cells, virulence in interferon (IFN) α/β receptor knockout (Ifnar-/-) mice, as well as replication and transmission potential in Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. We demonstrated that NS5-M114V mutation had insignificant effect on ZIKV replication efficiency in cells, its ability to degrade STAT2, and virulence in vivo, albeit viremia was slightly prolonged in mice. Furthermore, NS5-M114V mutation decreased mosquito infection and dissemination rates but had no effect on virus secretion into the saliva. Taken together, our findings support the notion that NS5-M114V mutation is unlikely to be a major determinant for virus replication and transmission potential.