bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Preferential evaluation of coal filling mining scheme under building pressure based on improved grey target decision-making model of game theory
Authors: Ma Junpeng , Ma Chaoqun , Liu Tao , Zhu Xianxiang , Li Song , Jin Lei
Published: February 2024

The problem of coal compression under buildings is common in underground mining of coal mines in China. The selection of traditional mining programme is subjective and lacks scientific rationality. In order to solve this problem, this paper studies the evaluation index system and model applicable to the selection of coal filling mining scheme under buildings. A multi-objective evaluation index system integrating economic, technical and adaptive factors is constructed. And an integrated optimization model is established, which is based on the traditional grey target model, combining the game theory optimal combination of weights with the hierarchical analysis method, entropy weight method, Critic method to determine the weights, and then introducing the TOPSIS model and the Mars distance to establish an improved grey target decision-making model. The validity of the evaluation index system and model is verified by taking the example of coal mining under pressure of buildings in five mining areas of a coal mine, which provides technical support for decision makers. This study helps to scientifically and reasonably carry out the preferred mining scheme of coal filling under building pressure.
Transcriptomic and physiological analysis provide new insight into seed shattering mechanism in Pennisetum alopecuroides‘Liqiu’
Authors: Fan Xifeng , Yue Yuesen , Xu Yue , Liu Lingyun , Jia Ming , Teng Ke , Mu Na , Guo Yidi , Liu Muye , Wu Juying , Teng Wenjun , Huang Linkai
Published: February 2024

Pennisetum alopecuroides is one of the most representative ornamental grass species of Pennisetumgenus. It has unique inflorescence, elegant appearance, and strong stress tolerance. However, the shattering of seeds reduces not only the ornamental effect but also the seed production. In order to understand the potential mechanism of seed shattering in P. alopecuroides, we conducted morphological, histological, physiological, and transcriptomic analyses on P. alopecuroides cv. ‘Liqiu’. According to histological findings, the seed shattering of ‘Liqiu’ is determined by the abscission zone at the base of the pedicel. Correlation analysis showed that seed shattering was significantly correlated with cellulase, lignin, auxin, gibberellin, cytokinin and jasmonic acid. According to histological and physiological findings, accumulation of cellulase and lignin occurs during ‘Liqiu’ seed abscission. We used PacBio full-length transcriptome sequencing (SMRT) combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS) transcriptome technology to improve the transcriptome data of ‘Liqiu’. Transcriptomics further identified many differential genes involved in cellulase, lignin and plant hormone-related pathways. This study will provide new insights into the research on the shattering mechanism of P. alopecuroides.
Backlash compensation based oscillation suppression control for automatic loading manipulator arm with nonlinear extended state observer
Authors: Wang Jiehao , Zou Quan , Xu Yadong , Chang Shuaichuan , Li Yanze
Published: February 2024

A servo system of automatic loading manipulator arm (ALMA) with backlash nonlinearity is investigated in this paper to suppress the limit cycle oscillation. To provide a more accurate representation of the system response, a two-inertia model method is employed. According to the system response, the influence of variation in backlash width, load inertia, and proportionality factor on the limit cycle is discussed using the frequency domain analysis method. The decrease of transmission torque resulting from backlash nonlinearity as the main cause of limit cycle oscillation is identified. Based on frequency domain analysis, an oscillation suppression method that employs backlash as disturbance compensation is proposed. A novel Third-order Nonlinear Extended State Observer (TNESO) that is more economical and reliable than torque sensors is utilized to estimate the transmission torque. Consequently, the estimated transmission torque as well as the displacement of the motor and load is utilized to obtain the backlash disturbance which can be counteracted by introducing a compensation of current reference value to mitigate the adverse effects of backlash on the system. The comparison of displacement-time curve between compensated and uncompensated experiments reveals that positioning error is reduced from 0.006 rad to 0.001 rad when displacement is compensated. Besides, the compensated system's position curve is smoother. Thus, the effectiveness of the proposed method is verified.
Causal Effects of Gut Microbiota on Oral Cavity Cancer— A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Authors: DAI Yuwei , MAO Ruohui , CHEN Yitong , YE Xinjian , WANG Chaowei , ZHU Huiyong
Published: February 2024

Background
Recent studies have found that there is a certain correlation between gut microbiota (GM) and oral cavity cancer (OCC). However, their causality is unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the causal relationship between GM and OCC and identify specific pathogenic microbial taxa.
Materials and Methods
In this Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study,GWAS of the microbiome from the MiBioGen consortium (18,340 samples from 24 population-based cohorts) were used as exposure data. In addition, outcome data (357 OCC cases and 372,016 controls) were extracted from the IEU Open GWAS project. To examine the characteristics of potentially pathogenic bacteria in OCC, we performed two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses-based genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary statistics with the use of inverse-variance-weighting or Wald ratio. Subsequently, sensitivity analyses were performed to explore the robustness of the primary results. Finally, we performed reverse MR analysis to mitigate reverse causality.
Result
A total of 2,699 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with 196 bacterial genera were screened as instrumental variables (IVs), and the results suggested that the following taxonomic groups could increase the risk of OCC: order.Burkholderiales, order.Bacillales, class.Betaproteobacteria, genus.Desulfovibrio, order.Pasteurellales, family.Pasteurellaceae, genus.Eubacteriumfissicatenagroup, family.Alcaligenaceae, genus.LachnospiraceaeUCG004, genus.Prevotella7, and genus.Peptococcus.Conversely, genus.Butyrivibrio, genus.Eggerthella, genus.Clostridiumsensustricto1, family.Clostridiaceae1, and phylum.Lentisphaerae exhibited a protective effect against OCC.
Conclusion
Bacillus orders, Bacillus phylums and Proteobacteria are associated with an increased risk of occ, while Genus Butyrivibrio, genus Eggerthella, and genus Clostridium reduce the risk of OCC development. Our study supports a potential causal relationship between several GM and occ, but how this affects OCC development remains to be further explored.
The Fur-like regulatory protein MAP3773c modulates key metabolic pathways in Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis under in-vitro iron starvation
Authors: Thapa Sajani , Rathnaiah Govardhan , Zinniel Denise K. , Barletta Raul G. , Bannantine John P. , Huebner Marianne , Sreevat Srinand
Published: February 2024

Johne’s disease (JD) is a chronic enteric infection of dairy cattle worldwide. Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the causative agent of JD, is fastidious often requiring eight to sixteen weeks to produce colonies in culture – a major hurdle in the diagnosis and therefore in implementation of optimal JD control measures. A significant gap in knowledge is the comprehensive understanding of the metabolic networks deployed by MAP to regulate iron both in-vitro and in-vivo. The genome of MAP carries MAP3773c, a putative metal regulator, which is absent in all other mycobacteria. The role of MAP3773c in intracellular iron regulation is poorly understood. In the current study, a field isolate (K-10) and an in-frame MAP3773c deletion mutant (ΔMAP3773c) derived from K-10, were exposed to iron starvation for 5, 30, 60, and 90 minutes and RNA-Seq was performed. A comparison of transcriptional profiles between K-10 and ΔMAP3773c showed 425 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 30 minutes time post-iron restriction. Functional analysis of DEGs in ΔMAP3773c revealed that pantothenate (Pan) biosynthesis, polysaccharide biosynthesis and sugar metabolism genes were downregulated at 30 minutes post-iron starvation whereas ATP-binding cassette (ABC) type metal transporters, putative siderophore biosynthesis, PPE and PE family genes were upregulated. Pathway analysis revealed that the MAP3773c knockout has an impairment in Pan and Coenzyme A (CoA) biosynthesis pathways suggesting that the absence of those pathways likely affect overall metabolic processes and cellular functions, which have consequences on MAP survival and pathogenesis.
“As a patient I do not belong to the clinic, I belong to the community.” Co-developing a multi-level, person-centred tuberculosis stigma intervention in Cape Town, South Africa
Authors: Hayward Sally E. , Vanqa Nosivuyile , Makanda Goodman , Tisile Phumeza , Ngwatyu Luthando , Foster Isabel , Mcinziba Abenathi , Biewer Amanda , Mbuyamba Rachel , Galloway Michelle , Bunyula Siyavuya , Westhuizen Helene-Mari , Friedland Jon S. , Marino-Medina Andrew , Viljoen Lario , Schoeman Ingrid , Hoddinott Graeme , Nathavitharana Ruvandhi R.
Published: February 2024

Background: Anticipated, internal, and enacted stigma are major barriers to TB care engagement, and directly impact patient well-being. Unfortunately, targeted stigma interventions are lacking. We aimed to co-develop a person-centred stigma intervention with TB-affected community members and health workers in South Africa.
Methods: Using a community-based participatory research approach, we conducted ten group discussions with people diagnosed with TB (past or present), caregivers, and health workers (total n=87) in Khayelitsha, Cape Town. Group discussions were facilitated by TB survivors. Discussion guides explored experiences and drivers of stigma and used human-centred design principles to co-develop solutions. Recordings were transcribed, coded, thematically analysed and then further interpreted using the socio-ecological model.
Results: Intervention components across socio-ecological levels shared common behaviour change strategies, namely education, empowerment, engagement, and innovation. At the individual level, participants recommended counselling to improve TB knowledge and provide ongoing support. TB survivors can guide messaging to nurture stigma resilience by highlighting that TB can affect anyone and is curable, and provide lived experiences of TB to decrease internal stigma. At the interpersonal level, support clubs and family-centred counselling were suggested to dispel TB-related myths and foster support. At the institutional level, health worker stigma reduction training informed by TB survivor perspectives was recommended. Consideration of how integration of TB/HIV care services may exacerbate TB/HIV intersectional stigma and ideas for restructured service delivery models were suggested to decrease anticipated and enacted stigma. At the community level, participants recommended awareness-raising events led by TB survivors, including TB information in school curricula. At the policy level, solutions focused on reducing the visibility generated by a TB diagnosis and resultant stigma in health facilities and shifting tasks to community health workers.
Conclusions: Decreasing TB stigma requires a multi-level approach. Co-developing a person-centred intervention with affected communities is feasible and generates stigma intervention components that are directed and implementable. Such community-informed intervention components should be prioritised by TB programs, including integrated TB/HIV care services.
Event-triggered Stochastic Finite-time Tracking Control of Robot Manipulator with Uncertain Disturbance Neural Network Estimation
Authors: Dang Boyu , Li Haiyan
Published: February 2024

This study presents a novel event-triggered finite-time stochastic control method for a robot manipulator. The random moment of inertia of the manipulator system is expressed by building a stochastic dynamic model, and the parameter variation disturbance is estimated by using a stochastic configuration neural network. An event-triggered controller with uncertain disturbance rejection is proposed, which not only realizes the stochastic finite-time stability of the tracking error system, but also guarantees the safety of motion velocity, and robustly improves the tracking accuracy of the robot manipulator. Compared with the existing works, the obvious feature of the proposed method is that it can simultaneously solve the random disturbance and uncertain parameter disturbance of the manipulator system, save communication resources, and ensure that the manipulator system can reach a steady state in finite time. We also discuss the effectiveness of the proposed stochastic tracking control method. Simulation and comparative analysis results further show that the controller can be updated less frequently while guaranteeing robust tracking performance of the robot manipulator.
Analysis of risk factors of Omicron infection and antibody response in people with HIV: a multi-center cross-sectional study
Authors: Wang Ni , Zhang Dazhi , Shu Chang , Fan Huimin , Lu Ting , Sun Wei , Qin Feng , Song Weijun , Lin Qing , Wang Na
Published: February 2024

[Purpose]Analyse the factors that influence the rate of Omicron infection, symptom severity, symptom duration and antibody levels in PLWH, in particular the role of vaccination. [Methods]We randomly investigated the Omicron infection status in 338 PLWH at multiple centers and examined their WT and Omicron specific antibodies, separately. [Results]Age was the only factor that affected the rate of Omicron infection, severity of symptoms, and duration of symptoms in PLWH. Infection, number of vaccination, ART regimen and time all affect antibody levels.With the increase of number of vaccination, both WT and BA.5 specific antibodies were gradually increased, and the overall antibody levels of PLWH with hybrid immunity were higher than those of PLWH with only vaccine immune. [Conclusions]The prevalence of Omicron is higher and symptoms is more severe in PLWH younger than 40 years, but the duration of symptoms is shorter in PLWH younger than 40 years. Although vaccination does not reduce the infection rate of SARS-CoV-2, it can significantly not only enhance the antibody level against the original strain, but also expand the antibody response against the newly emerged virus variant strain. What’s more, although breakthrough infections still occur, antibody levels can be significantly increased after hybrid immunization. For PLWH at high risk of infection, booster vaccination may be beneficial for them to cope with SARS-CoV-2 normalized infection.
PMW: The Portuguese Man o' War optimization algorithm
Authors: MiarNaeimi Farid , salehnia Taybeh , Hamzehkolaei Naser Safaeian , Ahmadi Mahmood , Mirjalili Seyedali
Published: February 2024

In the present study, the Portuguese Man o' War (PMW) movement on the fishes hunting route was used as a source of inspiration for the development of the PMW optimization algorithm. The Portuguese Man o' War is a marine creature that moves on the surface of the ocean under the wind force, wave surface currents, wave tension and diffusion current. The PMW feeds of hunting the fishes by poisonous strings. Following the movement of this sea creature, it was realized that there was an "irregular discipline" in its life cycle. In this way, in this paper, by simulating the movement of PMWs along with the use of several innovative solutions, a robust and powerful algorithm was created in two phases of exploration and exploitation. The performance of PMW was discussed by unbound test functions as well as bound engineering problems and compared with the results of other new algorithms. The results show that the proposed algorithm performs better or equal to the existing algorithms, both in terms of obtaining the final response and in reducing the number of calls to the objective function.
Remarkable mechanical performance at low temperatures of hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene enhanced by hyperbranched polysiloxane
Authors: Yuan Junshan , Huang Xiaoying , Wang Rui , Feng Weixu , Yan Hongxia
Published: February 2024

The inadequate mechanical properties and limited low temperature adaptability of Hydroxy-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB) impose constraints on its practical utilization in solid propellant applications. In the present investigation, a pioneering approach involved the synthesis of a novel hyperbranched polysiloxane, denoted as HBPSi-NH2, which encompasses -NH2 groups and Si-O-C chains. The HBPSi-NH2 with its unique flexible Si-O-C segments, serving as the soft component in the crosslinked network, in conjunction with the curing agent TDI as the hard component, achieves a synergistic balance of rigidity and flexibility. The resulting HTPB composites not only demonstrate enhanced mechanical properties but also exhibit excellent low temperature adaptability. Remarkably, the HTPB composites exhibit excellent mechanical properties at both 25°C (0.74 MPa ~ 2.08 MPa) and − 40°C (1.77 MPa ~ 12.49 MPa). This enhancement can be ascribed to the abundant presence of functional groups, namely -OH and -NH2. These active groups significantly augment the cross-linking density within the HTPB system, also promote the formation of numerous hydrogen bonds, enhancing the strength of HTPB. Simultaneously, the abundant presence of Si-O-C flexible chain segments within HBPSi-NH2 enhances the reactivity of the HTPB molecular chains, not only improving the toughness of HTPB but also significantly reducing its Tg (-65.95°C to -75.62°C). Furthermore, this study establishes a pivotal direction for the design and synthesis of high-performance HTPB-PU materials.
Cognitive impairment and neurocognitive profiles among people living with HIV and HIV- negative individuals older over 50 years: a comparison of IHDS, MMSE and MoCA
Authors: Chen Panpan , Xin Xin , Xiao Shaotan , Liu Hantao , Liu Xin , He Na , Ding Yingying
Published: February 2024

Background
The aim of our study was to examine potential differences in the assessment of neurocognitive impairment (NCI) using cognitive screening tools between PLWH and HIV-negative individuals, as well as to compare the neurocognitive profiles.
Methods
This was baseline evaluation of Pudong HIV Aging Cohort, including 465 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 465 HIV-negative individuals aged over 50 years matched by age (± 3 years), sex and education. NCI was assessed using the Chinese version of Mini-mental State Examination (MMSE), the International HIV Dementia Scale (IHDS) and Beijing version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA).
Results
In total, 258 (55.5%), 91 (19.6%), and 273 (58.7%) of PLWH were classified as having NCI by the IHDS, MMSE, and MoCA, compared to 90 (19.4%), 25 (5.4%), 135 (29.0%) of HIV-negative individuals, respectively (all p < 0.05); such associations Only MMSE revealed sex difference in NCI prevalence among PLWH. PLWH showed a larger overlap of NCI detected by IHDS, MMSE, and MoCA than HIV-negative people. Regarding cognitive domains, IHDS-motor and psychomotor speeds and MoCA-executive function showed the greatest disparities between two groups. In multivariable analysis, older age and more depressive symptoms were positively associated with NCI regardless of the screening tools or HIV serostatus.
Conclusion
PLWH display a higher prevalence of NCI and distinct neurocognitive profiles compared to HIV-negative individuals, despite viral suppression. Our data support that older PLWH tend to have deficits in multiple cognitive domains simultaneously. It is advisable to utilize the cognitive screening tools in conjunction to reveal complex patterns of cognitive deficits among PLWH, especially older PLWH.
Stochastic Sumudu transform and its applications for solving stochastic differential equations
Authors: Alhassoun M. , Abdallah A. M. , Yahya K. , Amer M.
Published: February 2024

This manuscript introduces the development of the stochastic Sumudu transform theory of Itô type for stochastic calculus. We employ the stochastic integration by parts method to achieve this. The purpose of the stochastic Sumudu transform is to solve stochastic differential equations and establish a method for solving them using integral transforms. Furthermore, we derive the Sumudu transforms of commonly used functions in stochastic differential equations. These findings will contribute to the enhancement of literature on stochastic differential equations and have practical applications in fields such as applied mathematics and finance. Additionally, we provide several examples to demonstrate the validity of our work.
Enhancing Precision in Rectal Cancer Radiotherapy: Localized Fine-Tuning of Deep-learning based Auto-segmentation (DLAS) Model for Clinical Target Volume and Organs-at-risk
Authors: Geng Jianhao , Sui Xin , Du Rongxu , Feng Jialin , Wang Ruoxi , Wang Meijiao , Yao Kaining , Chen Qi , Bai Lu , Wang Shaobin , Li Yongheng , Wu Hao , Hu Xiangmin , Du Yi
Published: February 2024

Background and Purpose
Various deep learning auto-segmentation (DLAS) models have been proposed, some of which commercialized. However, the issue of performance degradation is notable when pretrained models are deployed in the clinic. This study aims to enhance precision of a popular commercial DLAS product in rectal cancer radiotherapy by localized fine-tuning, addressing challenges in practicality and generalizability in real-world clinical settings.
Materials and Methods
A total of 120 Stage II/III mid-low rectal cancer patients were retrospectively enrolled and divided into three datasets: training (n = 60), external validation (ExVal, n = 30), and generalizability evaluation (GenEva, n = 30) datasets respectively. The patients in the training and ExVal dataset were acquired on the same CT simulator, while those in GenEva were on a different CT simulator. The commercial DLAS software was first localized fine-tuned for clinical target volume (CTV) and organs-at-risk (OAR) using the training data, and then validated on ExVal and GenEva respectively. Performance evaluation involved comparing the localized fine-tuned model (LFT) with the vendor-provided pretrained model (VPM) against ground truth contours, using metrics like Dice similarity coefficient (DSC), 95th Hausdorff distance (95HD), sensitivity and specificity.
Results
Localized fine-tuning significantly improved CTV delineation accuracy (p < 0.05) with LFT outperforming VPM in target volume, DSC, 95HD and specificity. Both models exhibited adequate accuracy for bladder and femoral heads, and LFT demonstrated significant enhancement in segmenting the more complex small intestine. We did not identify performance degradation when LFT and VPM models were applied in the GenEva dataset.
Conclusions
The necessity and potential benefits of localized fine-tuning DLAS towards institution-specific model adaption is underscored. The commercial DLAS software exhibits superior accuracy once localized fine-tuned, and is highly robust to imaging equipment changes.
Oral cancer cells secrete stress neurotransmitter and proliferate in response to tobacco carcinogen NNK through a cellular adrenergic pathway.
Authors: Verza Flávia Alves , Santos-Sousa Ana Lívia , Oliveira Sandra Helena Penha , Bernabé Daniel Galera
Published: February 2024

Although there is a growing body of evidence showing the effects of stress-related catecholamines on oral cancer progression, to date there are no studies that have investigated whether oral squamous cells carcinoma (OSCC)-cells are capable of producing these hormones and whether this phenomenon is modulated by tobacco-related nitrosamines. In this study we investigated whether keratinocytes (HaCaT) and OSCC-derived cell lines (SSC9 and SCC25) are able to secrete the neurotransmitter norepinephrine (NE) as also the effects of the tobacco carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) on the NE secretion and OSCC proliferation. Supernatant from the HaCaT, SCC9, and SCC25 cells showed higher NE levels (6-, 14.9- and 15.1-fold more, respectively) compared to culture media without cells. When the cells were stimulated with NNK, a tobacco-specific carcinogen, there were increases in the levels of NE secretion by HaCaT and SCC25 cells, but not by SCC9 cells. NNK (10 µM) induced cell proliferation in the HaCaT, SCC9, and SCC25 cell lines and these effects were totally inhibited by blocking β-adrenergic receptors with propranolol. The NNK-induced OSCC cell proliferation was further dependent on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors α4 (nAChR-α4) activation (totally in SCC9 cells and partially in SCC25 cells), but not dependent on nAChR-α7 activation. Inhibition of the β-adrenergic receptors, nAChR-α4 and nAChR-α7 did not block NNK-induced HaCaT proliferation. Our findings suggest that oral cancer cells secrete the neurotransmitter norepinephrine and the tobacco nitrosamine NNK promotes increased cell proliferation through a stress-related cellular adrenergic pathway.
Non-linear dynamics of a test particle near the Lagrange points L4 and L5 (Earth-Moon and Sun-Earth case)
Authors: Hysa Azem
Published: February 2024

The two-bodies problem can be fully solved, and was solved by Kepler (1609) and Newton (1687). The general three-body problem is often given as an example of a mathematical problem that ‘can’t be solved’. So, there is no general analytical solution. This problem can be significant and a special case of this problem is the Circular Restricted Three-Body Problem (CRTBP), which can be applied to the Earth-Moon system with a spacecraft, the Sun-Earth system with an asteroid, etc. In this paper, let’s focus on the motion of a test particle near the triangular Lagrange points L4 and L5 in the Earth-Moon and the Sun-Earth systems. Studying the movement of an object around these points is especially important for space mission design. To generate a trajectory around these points, the non-linear equations of motion for the circular restricted three-body problem were numerically integrated into MATLAB® 2023 software and the results are presented in the plane (x, y) and the phase plane (x, vx) and (y, vy). By numerical orbit integration, it is possible to investigate what happens when the displacement is relatively large or short from the Lagrange points. Then the small astronomical body may vibrate around these points. The results in this paper are shown in the rotating and inertia axes. Various initial positions near the Lagrange points and velocities are used to produce various paths the test particle can take. The same examples of numerical studies of trajectories associated with Lagrange points are shown in the inertial and the rotating coordinates system and are discussed. From the results of the numerical tests performed in MATLAB® 2023, it is possible to saw that there are different types of periodic, quasi-periodic, and chaotic orbits
Investigation of electrical conductivity and electromagnetic wave absorption capabilities of water hyacinth biocarbon impregnated with Cu atom
Authors: Susilo Sugeng Hadi , Imanudin Azam Muzakhim , Rochman Taufiq , Adhisuwignjo Supriatna
Published: February 2024

This paper discusses the impregnation of Cu atoms at carbonization temperature of water hyacinth bio carbon composite. This composite is used as an absorber of electromagnetic waves. Because the inference of electromagnetic waves can cause damage to other electronic equipment. In addition, electromagnetic wave radiation can cause various human health problems. The purpose of the research is to obtain a material that is able to absorb electromagnetic waves and increase electrical conductivity, impregnation of Cu atoms at carbonization temperature of water hyacinth bio carbon composite. The composite material uses a composition ratio of water hyacinth powder and phenol-formaldehyde of 30:70. The carburization temperatures used were 600 °C, 800 °C, and 1000 °C with a heat increase rate of 7 °C/minute. This study used Scanning Electron Micrograph (SEM), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), LCR Meter, and vector network analyzer. The results show that the impregnation of Cu atoms at carbonization temperature can increase the area of the nanostructure, thereby increasing the formation of micropores in the composite. The higher the carbonization temperature, the percentage of Cu and carbon compounds can increase, while the percentage of crystal structure decreases. Impregnation of Cu atoms further strengthens the composite's absorption of electromagnetic wave radiation. Impregnation of Cu atoms in water hyacinth bio carbon composites at carbonization temperature can increase the electrical conductivity of the composite. The results of this research have potential applications in the electronics industry, batteries, and electrical devices, and can be used to protect devices from electromagnetic interference, especially in telecommunications and the medical field
Codebase release 0.5 for divERGe
Authors: Profe Jonas B. , Kennes Dante M. , Klebl Lennart
Published: February 2024

We present divERGe, an open source, high-performance C/C++/Python library for functional renormalization group (FRG) calculations on lattice fermions. The versatile model interface is tailored to real materials applications and seamlessly integrates with existing, standard tools from the ab-initio community. The code fully supports multi-site, multi-orbital, and non-SU(2) models in all of the three included FRG variants: TU^22FRG, N-patch FRG, and grid FRG. With this, the divERGe library paves the way for widespread application of FRG as a tool in the study of competing orders in quantum materials.
Convolutional neural network intelligent diagnosis method using small samples based on SK-CAM
Authors: Chen Liang , Li Simin , Li Peijun , Liu Yutao , Chang Renqi
Published: February 2024

In order to solve the dependence of convolutional neural networks (CNN) on large samples of training data, an intelligent fault diagnosis method based on spectral kurtosis (SK) and attention mechanism is proposed. Firstly, the SK algorithm is used to obtain two-dimensional fast kurtosis graphs from vibration signals, and the two-dimensional fast spectral kurtosis graphs are converted into one-dimensional kurtosis time-domain samples, which are used as the input of CNN. Then the channel attention module (CAM) is added to CNN, and the weight is increased in the channel domain to eliminate the interference of invalid features. The accuracy of fault identification can reach 99.8 % by applying the proposed method on the fault diagnosis experiment of rolling bearings. Compared with the traditional deep learning (DL) method, the proposed method not only has higher accuracy, but also has lower dependence on the number of samples.
The Renardodden flora of Spitsbergen
Authors: Golovneva Lina , Zolina Anastasia
Published: February 2024

The Renardodden flora combines fossil plants from the Skilvika and Renardodden formations of the Renardodden and Scottbreen areas south of Bellsund, the Sesshøgda Formation (Prins Karls Forland) and the Sarstangen conglomerate (Sarsbukta area). We considered them as representing a single fossil flora, because floristic assemblages from these four stratigraphic units contain a large number of common species. The Renardodden flora includes approximately 30 species of conifers and angiosperms. Angiosperms predominate and are represented by the families Platanaceae, Cercidiphyllaceae, Trochodendraceae, Hamamelidaceae, Betulaceae, Cornaceae, Tiliaceae, Aceraceae, and several taxa of an uncertain taxonomic position. Monocots are represented by two aquatic plants: Haemanthophyllum nordenskioldii and Acorus spitsbergensis. A new combination Zizyphoides retusa (Heer) Golovn. et Zolina, comb. nov. is proposed. The Renardodden flora is characterized by a high endemism and has no distinct floristic connections with other arctic and boreal floras. The age of the Renardodden flora is estimated as the late Eocene.
Variability of time duration analysis for rainfall water using precipitation indexes in Hai town
Authors: Al-Humairi Basima Abbas Jabir , Rahal Nadhum Shamkhi
Published: February 2024

Insufficient rainfall has an impact on a variety of natural resources. This work aims to determine the variability of rainfall and drought in Hai town depending on the standardized rainfall index (SRI), rainfall concentration index (RCI), index of wetness (IW), and coefficient of variation (CV). Rainfall series were taken from the Meteorological Station Directorate of Hai Town, Iraq for a period of 30 years (1989–2018). The results indicated that the years 1996 and 2014 had high SRI and were under extremely wet conditions (IW = 195.93 and 165.93, respectively). However, the lowest SRI value was in 2004, with a wetness index of 35.15, whereas the RCI was strongly irregular in rainfall distribution. Also, the CV was highly variable that ranged between 113.78 and 244.01. Mathematical models were created and confirmed for predicting the wetness index using data-fitting software. Model 1 generated best outcomes (R2 = 99.99%, relative error (RE) = 0.221, root mean square error (RMSE = 0.253) and standard error of estimates (SEE = 0.28). The results demonstrated that rain indicators have significant differences and alteration throughout the study period. Hence, the best model for estimating wetness and droughts in Hai town is recommended.
Multifaceted Nature of HuR in Atherosclerosis Development
Authors: Wang Yan-Xia , Zheng Hong-Yu , Zhou Kun , Xie Hai-Lin , Ren Zhong , Liu Hui-Ting , Liu Huan , Zhou Zhi-Xiang , Jiang Zhi-Sheng
Published: February 2024

HuR (Human antigen R) is an RNA binding protein (RBP) that specifically
binds to certain RNA sequences, influencing post-transcriptional regulation. HuR is primarily
involved in tumor regulation, as well as cell growth, proliferation, inflammation,
and angiogenesis. HuR is implicated in endothelial activation, smooth muscle proliferation,
inflammatory response, macrophage apoptosis, lipid regulation, and autophagy,
playing a crucial regulatory role in atherosclerosis. Accumulating evidence suggests that
HuR has dual roles in AS. On the one hand, HuR expedites the development of AS by facilitating
endothelial activation, smooth muscle proliferation, and inflammation. On the
contrary, it exerts beneficial effects by reducing macrophage apoptosis, regulating lipid
efflux, and increasing autophagy. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive
summary of the role of HuR in the development of AS by examining its involvement in
cellular mechanisms, inflammation, autophagy, and apoptosis. Additionally, we discuss
the mechanisms of drugs that target HuR, with the goal of offering new perspectives for
the treatment of AS.
Combating Aminoglycoside Resistance: From Structural and Functional
Characterisation to Therapeutic Challenges with RKAAT
Authors: Otun Sarah Oluwatobi , Graca Richard , Achilonu Ikechukwu
Published: February 2024

A comprehensive knowledge of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes (AMEs) and their
role in bacterial resistance mechanisms is urgently required due to the rising incidence of antibiotic
resistance, particularly in Klebsiella pneumoniae infections. This study explores the essential
features of AMEs, including their structural and functional properties, the processes by which they
contribute to antibiotic resistance, and the therapeutic importance of aminoglycosides. The study
primarily examines the Recombinant Klebsiella pneumoniae Aminoglycoside Adenylyl Transferase
(RKAAT), particularly emphasizing its biophysical characteristics and the sorts of resistance
it imparts. Furthermore, this study examines the challenges presented by RKAAT-mediated
resistance, an evaluation of treatment methods and constraints, and options for controlling infection.
The analysis provides a prospective outlook on strategies to address and reduce antibiotic resistance.
This extensive investigation seeks to provide vital insights into the continu
Novel Biomaterials Based Strategies for Neurodegeneration: Recent
Advancements and Future Prospects
Authors: Singh Dilpreet , Nagdev Sanjay
Published: February 2024

Neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Huntington's
disease, pose significant challenges for effective treatment due to the complex nature of the
central nervous system and the limited delivery of therapeutic agents to the brain. Biomaterial-based
drug delivery systems offer promising strategies to overcome these challenges and improve therapeutic
outcomes. These systems utilize various biomaterials, such as nanoparticles, hydrogels, and implants,
to deliver drugs, genes, or cells to the affected regions of the brain. They provide advantages
such as targeted delivery, controlled release, and protection of therapeutic agents. This review examines
the role of biomaterials in drug delivery for neurodegeneration, discussing different biomaterialbased
approaches, including surface modification, encapsulation, and functionalization techniques.
Furthermore, it explores the challenges, future perspectives, and potential impact of biomaterialbased
drug delivery systems in the field of neurodegenerative diseases.
TRUST Technique for Neurointervention: A Promising Alternative for
Complex Cases
Authors: Jiang Xinzhao , Wang Peng , Liu Fang , Wu Huadong , Jiang Peng , Yuan Ruozhen , Zhang Sheng , Shi Zongjie
Published: February 2024

Background:

Neurointervention via Transradial Access (TRA) is becoming increasingly
popular as experience with this technique increases. However, approximately 8.6–10.3%
of complex TRA cases are converted to femoral access due to a lack of support or radial artery
spasm. This study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of the TRUST (trans-radial coaxial
catheter technique using a short sheath, Simmons catheter, and Tethys intermediate catheter)
technique in interventional procedures via TRA.

Methods:

This was a single-center retrospective analysis of 16 patients admitted to our institute
between January 2023 to May 2023 to undergo endovascular interventions with the TRUST
technique via the TRA.

Results:

The mean age of the study population was 63.8 years, and 62.5% were male (10/16).
The most common procedure was intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis (93.75%, 15/16). All procedures
were performed successfully, and the most common procedures in our cohort were ballooning
(50.0%, 8/16), stenting (18.75%, 3/16), and both procedures combined (31.25%, 1/16).
All procedures were performed using the TRA, and the distal and proximal radial arteries were
used for access in 31.35% (5/16) and 68.75% (11/16) of the cases, respectively. Technical success
was achieved in all patients and most cases demonstrated mTICI ≥2b recanalization
(93.75%, 15/16). In this case, no major access-site complications occurred.

Conclusion:

The TRUST technique is technically safe and feasible and had a high technical success
rate and low complication rate in our study. These results demonstrate that the TRUST
technique is a promising alternative for patients undergoing complex neurointerventions.
Cuproptosis Related Gene DLD Associated with Poor Prognosis and
Malignant Biological Characteristics in Lung Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xinyang , Rui Junshuai , Yang Zihan , Shang-Guan Feng , Shi Haolin , Wang Dengkui , Sun Jiachun
Published: February 2024

Purpose:

Cuproptosis plays a crucial role in the biological function of cells. The subject
of this work was to analyze the effects of cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) on the prognosis
and biological function in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD).

Methods:

In this study, RNA sequencing and clinical data of LUAD samples were screened from
public databases and our institution. A CRG signature was identified by least absolute shrinkage
and selection operator and Cox regression. In addition, this study analyzed the correlation between
prognostic CRGs and clinicopathological features. Finally, this study studied the effect of inhibiting
dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLD) expression on cell biological function.

Results:

There were 10 CRGs that showed differential expression between LUAD and normal tissues
(p<0.05). A prognostic signature (DLD and lipoyltransferase 1 [LIPT1]) was constructed. Survival
analysis suggested that patients with LUAD in the high-risk group had shorter overall survival
(OS) (p<0.05). High expression of DLD and low expression of LIPT1 were significantly associated
with shorter OS (p<0.05). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that, in LUAD tissues,
DLD was highly expressed, whereas LIPT1 was not detected. Finally, inhibition of DLD expression
could significantly restrain cell proliferation, invasion and migration.

Conclusion:

Overall, this prognostic CRG signature may play a pivotal role in LUAD outcome,
while oncogene DLD may be a future therapeutic candidate for LUAD.
Development of Chromatin Regulator-related Molecular Subtypes and a
Signature to Predict Prognosis and Immunotherapeutic Response in Head
and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Huang Juntao , Xu Ziqian , Wang Zhenzhen , Zhou Chongchang , Shen Yi
Published: February 2024

Background:

Chromatin regulators (CRs) serve as indispensable factors in tumor biological
processes by influencing tumorigenesis and the immune microenvironment and have been identified
in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Hence, CR-related genes (CRRGs) are
considered potential biomarkers for predicting prognosis and immune infiltration in HNSCC. In this
study, we established a novel signature for predicting the prognosis and immunotherapeutic response
of HSNCC.

Methods:

A total of 870 CRRGs were obtained according to previous studies. Subsequently, patients
in the TCGA-HNSC cohort were divided into different clusters based on the expression of prognostic
CRRGs. Kaplan‒Meier (K‒M) survival analysis was conducted to compare the prognosis in clusters,
and the CIBERSORT and ssGSEA methods assessed the immune infiltration status. In addition,
the differences in immunotherapeutic responses were determined based on the TICA database. Furthermore,
the differentially expressed CRRGs between clusters were identified, and the predictive
signature was established according to the results of univariate Cox, least absolute shrinkage and
selection operator regression analysis, and multivariate Cox. The predictive effects of the risk model
were evaluated according to the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (AUC)
in both the training and external test cohorts. A nomogram was established, and survival comparisons,
functional enrichment analyses, and immune infiltration status and clinical treatment assessments
were performed. In addition, the hub gene network and related analysis were conducted with
the Cytohubba application.

Results:

Based on the expression of prognostic CRRGs, patients were divided into two clusters, in
which Cluster 1 exhibited a better prognosis, more enriched immune infiltration, and a better immunotherapeutic
response but exhibited chemotherapy sensitivity. The AUC values of the 1-, 3- and 5-
year ROC curves for the risk model were 0.673, 0.732, and 0.692, respectively, as well as 0.645,
0.608, and 0.623 for the test set. In addition, patients in the low-risk group exhibited more immune
cell enrichment and immune function activation, as well as a better immunotherapy response. The
hub gene network indicated ACTN2 as the core gene differentially expressed between the two risk
groups.

Conclusions:

We identified molecular subtypes and established a novel predictive signature based on
CRRGs. This effective CRRS system can possibly provide a novel research direction for exploring
the correlation between CRs and HNSCC and requires further experimental validation.
Malignant and Benign Head and Neck Tumors of the Pediatric Age: A Narrative Review
Authors: Micangeli Ginevra , Menghi Michela , Profeta Giovanni , Paparella Roberto , Tarani Francesca , Petrella Carla , Barbato Christian , Minni Antonio , Greco Antonio , Ferraguti Giampiero , Tarani Luigi , Fiore Marco
Published: February 2024

:

Malignant tumors of the head and neck are rare in children, but it is important to know
these lesions and identify them early in order to have a good outcome for these patients. Benign lesions
of the head and neck are much more frequent and have an excellent prognosis. For this reason,
it is necessary to recognize the warning signs and symptoms and understand when to refer the
patient to a reference center for the treatment of these pathologies. The clinical presentation of
both benign and malignant lesions in children may be similar as usually, both categories have compressive
effects. This confirms the fact that the clinical diagnosis is not sufficient and always requires
instrumental investigations and biopsies. In this narrative review, we analyzed both malignant
lesions such as lymphoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, thyroid tumors, salivary gland tumors, neuroblastoma,
and nasopharyngeal carcinoma, and benign ones such as cystic dermoid teratoma, hemangioma,
juvenile angiofibroma and fibrosis dysplasia. Indeed, we set out to discuss the most
common lesions of this site by evaluating their characteristics to highlight the differentiation of
malignant tumors from benign lesions and their correct clinical-therapeutic management. A literature
search was carried out in the PubMed and Google Scholar databases to identify all narrative
reviews addressing malignant and benign head and neck tumors of the pediatric age. In conclusion,
the care of children affected by head and neck benign lesions and malignancy must be combined
and multidisciplinary. It is essential to recognize the diseases early in order to differentiate
and intervene as soon as possible for the correct clinical-therapeutic management.
Association of the Immunity Genes with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Khaiz Youssef , Al Idrissi Najib , Bakkali Mohammed , Ahid Samir
Published: February 2024

:

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1D) is a complicated illness marked by the death of insulin-
producing pancreatic beta cells, which ultimately leads to insulin insufficiency and hyperglycemia.
T lymphocytes are considered to destroy pancreatic beta cells in the etiology of T1D
as a result of hereditary and environmental factors. Although the latter factors are very important
causes of T1D development, this disease is very genetically predisposed, so there is a
significant genetic component to T1D susceptibility. Among the T1D-associated gene mutations,
those that affect genes that encode the traditional Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA) entail
the highest risk of T1D development. Accordingly, the results of decades of genetic linkage
and association studies clearly demonstrate that mutations in the HLA genes are the most associated
mutations with T1D. They can, therefore, be used as biomarkers for prediction strategies
and may even prove to be of value for personalized treatments. Other immunity-associated genetic
loci are also associated with higher T1D risk. Indeed, T1D is considered an autoimmune
disease. Its prevalence is rising globally, especially among children and young people. Given
the global rise of, and thus interest in, autoimmune diseases, here we present a short overview
of the link between immunity, especially HLA, genes and T1D.