bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Aerobic and oxygen-limited naphthalene-amended enrichments induced the dominance of Pseudomonas spp. from a groundwater bacterial biofilm
Authors: Benedek Tibor , Szentgyörgyi Flóra , Szabó István , Farkas Milán , Duran Robert , Kriszt Balázs , Táncsics András
Published: May 2020

In this study, we aimed at determining the impact of naphthalene and different oxygen levels on a biofilm bacterial community originated from a petroleum hydrocarbon–contaminated groundwater. By using cultivation-dependent and cultivation-independent approaches, the enrichment, identification, and isolation of aerobic and oxygen-limited naphthalene degraders was possible. Results indicated that, regardless of the oxygenation conditions, Pseudomonas spp. became the most dominant in the naphthalene-amended selective enrichment cultures. Under low-oxygen conditions, P. veronii/P. extremaustralis lineage affiliating bacteria, and under full aerobic conditions P. laurentiana–related isolates were most probably capable of naphthalene biodegradation. A molecular biological tool has been developed for the detection of naphthalene 1,2-dioxygenase-related 2Fe-2S reductase genes of Gram-negative bacteria. The newly developed COnsensus DEgenerate Hybrid Oligonucleotide Primers (CODEHOP-PCR) technique may be used in the monitoring of the natural attenuation capacity of PAH-contaminated sites. A bacterial strain collection with prolific biofilm-producing and effective naphthalene-degrading organisms was established. The obtained strain collection may be applicable in the future for the development of biofilm-based bioremediation systems for the elimination of PAHs from groundwater (e.g., biofilm-based biobarriers).
Vascular Resection During Hepatectomy for Liver Malignancies. Results from a Tertiary Center using Autologous Peritoneal Patch for Venous Reconstruction
Authors: Langella Serena , Menonna Francesca , Casella Michele , Russolillo Nadia , Lo Tesoriere Roberto , Alessandro Ferrero
Published: May 2020

Background

To evaluate early outcomes of venous reconstruction with peritoneal patch (PP) during resection for hepatic malignancies.

Methods

Since May 2015, PP was considered as the first option for venous reconstruction in the case of lateral resection. Between May 2015 and June 2019, 579 consecutive hepatectomies for malignancies were performed at our institution. Among 27 patients requiring venous resection, PP was used in 22, who were included in the present study. Data from a prospectively collected database were analysed.

Results

Tumour types were ten colorectal metastases (CRLM), six intrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas, four hilar cholangiocarcinomas, one hepatocellular carcinoma and one gallbladder carcinoma. Hepatectomies were major in 50% of cases. Eleven patients had hepatic vein resections, eight portal vein and three inferior vena cava. Venous reconstruction enabled resection in 12 (54.5%) patients, otherwise non‐resectable. Among CRLM, the venous reconstruction allowed avoidance of major resection in eight (80%) cases. Median operative time was 456 min (range 270–960). Blood loss was a median 300 cc (range 40–1500), and blood transfusions were required in three patients (13.6%). At pathological examination, venous infiltration was confirmed in 14 (63.6%) patients. No vascular complications related to the patch were recorded. Post‐operative major (Dindo III/IV) complications were observed in two (9%) patients. One patient died because of liver failure without vascular thrombosis and one due to biliary fistula complicated by arterial bleeding. Overall, post‐operative mortality was 9% (2/22).

Conclusions

Venous reconstruction with peritoneal patch during hepatectomy for malignancies can feasibly allow resection in otherwise unresectable patients and decrease the rate of major resection in colorectal liver metastases.
Surgical Strategy During the COVID‐19 Pandemic in a University Metropolitan Hospital in Milan, Italy
Authors: Mariani Nicolò M. , Pisani Ceretti Andrea , Fedele Veronica , Barabino Matteo , Nicastro Vincenzo , Giovenzana Marco , Scifo Giovanna , De Nicola Enrico , Opocher Enrico
Published: May 2020

The COVID‐19 pandemic has spread rapidly, forcing some drastic changes not only in our daily lives, but also in our clinical and surgical activities. Given our extensive Italian experience, we hereby describe how our surgical unit activity has changed and how, in some cases, it was necessary to modify surgical strategies. We hope our experience can be shared with our global colleagues who are suffering under similar condition.
Postoperative morbidity after adenotonsillectomy versus adenopharyngoplasty in young children with obstructive sleep apnea: an RCT
Authors: Fehrm Johan , Borgström Anna , Nerfeldt Pia , Friberg Danielle
Published: May 2020

Purpose

In our previous randomized controlled trial (RCT), comparing adenotonsillectomy (ATE) with adenopharyngoplasty (APP) in children with severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), there were no differences in respiratory sleep parameters or quality of life. The purpose of the present report was to evaluate postoperative morbidity from this RCT.

Methods

The study was a blinded RCT in 83 children (ATE = 47; APP = 36), 2–4 years of age, with an obstructive apnea–hypopnea index of ≥ 10. Pain was assessed from the first until the tenth day after surgery with a logbook that reported pain by child (FPS-R, Faces Pain Scale-Revised) and caregiver (visual analogue scale), analgesic use, return to normal diet, and weight change. Bleeding, infection, satisfaction with treatment, speech, and swallowing were assessed with a questionnaire and medical records 6 months after surgery.

Results

Sixty-four children (77%) returned the logbook and 65 (78%) answered the questionnaire. The median (interquartile range) day the children graded themselves as pain free (FPS-R = 0) was 7 (6–10) after ATE, compared with 9 (7 to > 10) after APP (p = 0.018). There were no other significant differences between the groups regarding any other pain-related outcomes, bleeding, infection, satisfaction, swallowing, or speech, but three children (11%) reported impaired speech after APP compared to none after ATE (p = 0.067).

Conclusion

The results regarding postoperative morbidity were in favor of ATE and the results from our previous report showed no advantages of APP. Therefore, APP should not be recommended in young, otherwise healthy children with OSA.
Neurological soft signs and cognition in the late course of chronic schizophrenia: a longitudinal study
Authors: Herold Christina J. , Duval Céline Z. , Schröder Johannes
Published: May 2020

Neurological soft signs (NSS) are minor (‘soft’) neurological abnormalities in sensory and motor performances, which are frequently reported in patients with schizophrenia at any stage of their illness. It has been demonstrated that NSS vary in the clinical course of the disorder: longitudinally NSS decrease in parallel with remission of psychopathological symptoms, an effect which mainly applies to patients with a remitting course. These findings are primarily based on patients with a first episode of the disorder, while the course of NSS in patients with chronic schizophrenia and persisting symptoms is rather unknown. Therefore, we investigated NSS twice in 21 patients with chronic schizophrenia (initial mean duration of illness: 23 ± 11 years) with a mean follow-up interval of 7 years. NSS were evaluated by the Heidelberg Scale, established instruments were used to rate neuropsychological performance and psychopathological symptoms. NSS showed significant increases on the subscales “motor coordination” and “integrative functions”, while positive and negative symptoms, including apathy, showed only minor, non-significant changes. Verbal memory, verbal fluency, and cognitive flexibility along with severity of global cognitive deficits demonstrated a significant deterioration. Regression analyses identified executive dysfunction (cognitive flexibility and verbal fluency) at baseline as significant predictors of NSS increase at follow-up. Our findings indicate that NSS deteriorate in the long-term course of chronic schizophrenia. This effect may be accounted for by a decrease of executive functions and logical memory, which can be attributed to premature brain aging.
The Landscape of Videofluoroscopy in the UK: A Web-Based Survey
Authors: Benfield J. K. , Michou E. , Everton L. F. , Mills C. , Hamdy S. , Bath P. M. , England T. J.
Published: May 2020

Videofluoroscopy (VFS) is considered one of the gold-standard assessments of swallowing. Whilst guidelines for the application and conduct of VFS exist, their translation into clinical practice remain challenging. To build a greater understanding on how VFS clinics operate in the UK. A web-based survey was shared with speech and language therapists (SLTs) working in VFS clinics via professional networks and social media from October 2018 to January 2019. 101 responses were received. Two thirds of clinics were SLT-led, with the majority of clinics being run by two SLTs (73.6%) and a radiographer (95.5%) also known as radiologic technologists, diagnostic radiographers and medical radiation technologists. Less than 50% of radiographers had received specialist training. Around half of the clinics used a standard assessment or analysis protocol and 88.1% a rating scale. Set recipes for a range of textures were used in 53.4% of VFS clinics. Barium and water soluble contrasts were used, but only 15.8% knew the concentration of contrast used. The most commonly reported VFS pulse and frame rate was 15 per second. There was evidence of a lack of SLT knowledge regarding technical operation of VFS. Screening times varied from 0.7–10 min (median 3 min, IQR 2.5–3.5). Around 50% of respondents reported quality issues affecting analysis. In a survey of UK SLTs, translation of VFS guidance into practice was found to be limited which may impact on the quality of assessment and analysis. Collaboration with radiology, strengthening of guidelines and greater uptake of specialist training is deemed essential.
Vertebral, intraspinal and other organ anomalies in congenital scoliosis
Authors: Mohanty S. P. , Pai Kanhangad Madhava , Narayana Kurup Jayakrishnan K. , Saiffudeen Sibin
Published: May 2020

Aims

This study was undertaken to describe the pattern of vertebral, intraspinal and other organ anomalies in patients with congenital scoliosis and to determine the correlation between them.

Methods

Complete medical and radiological records of 227 consecutive patients with congenital scoliosis were analysed. The radiographs were examined for type of vertebral anomaly, location and severity of deformity. The median curve progression index (MCPI) was calculated in 198 patients. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the whole spine was analysed to detect the presence of cord abnormalities. The presence of other organ-system anomalies was also noted. The independent sample t test was used to compare severity of deformity between those with and without cord anomalies. The Chi-square test was used to compare frequency of cord abnormalities in different vertebral and organ-system anomalies.

Results

Hemivertebra with contralateral bar had the highest MCPI, while block vertebrae and wedge vertebrae had the lowest MCPI. Forty-eight patients had 83 cord anomalies. There was no statistically significant difference in severity of deformity, between those with and without cord anomalies. Failure of segmentation had the highest frequency of cord anomalies (p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in the frequency of cord anomalies between those with and without other organ defects.

Conclusion

Curve progression can be predicted by the underlying vertebral abnormalities. However, it cannot predict cord and other organ-system anomalies. Thus, all patients with congenital scoliosis must undergo MRI of the spine, electro- and echocardiography and ultrasonography of the abdomen to detect occult abnormalities and optimize the patient prior to deformity correction.
Thermal exfoliation of electrochemically synthesized graphite intercalation compound with perrhenic acid
Authors: Gurzęda Bartosz , Buchwald Tomasz , Krawczyk Piotr
Published: May 2020

In present work, we describe the synthesis of graphite intercalation compounds with perrhenic acid (HReO4-GIC) through the anodic oxidation of graphite in aqueous perrhenic acid solution and their thermal exfoliation. Due to electrochemical treatment of graphite in perrhenic acid solution, ReO4− ions are intercalated into interlayer spaces of graphite. Anodic oxidation of graphite in HReO4 solution leads to the formation of 3-stage GIC. Simultaneously, some amount of perrhenic acid becomes deposited on the graphite surface and edges. In the next step, thermal treatment of the previously synthesized GIC was performed, causing both the exfoliation of graphitic structure and transformation of perrhenic acid into rhenium oxides on the surface of graphene layers. The yielded product was exfoliated graphite-ReO2/ReO3 composite. The obtained composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. Additionally, specific surface area of the exfoliated materials was measured.
Porewater Carbonate Chemistry Dynamics in a Temperate and a Subtropical Seagrass System
Authors: Kindeberg Theodor , Bates Nicholas R. , Courtney Travis A. , Cyronak Tyler , Griffin Alyssa , Mackenzie Fred T. , Paulsen May-Linn , Andersson Andreas J.
Published: May 2020

Seagrass systems are integral components of both local and global carbon cycles and can substantially modify seawater biogeochemistry, which has ecological ramifications. However, the influence of seagrass on porewater biogeochemistry has not been fully described, and the exact role of this marine macrophyte and associated microbial communities in the modification of porewater chemistry remains equivocal. In the present study, carbonate chemistry in the water column and porewater was investigated over diel timescales in contrasting, tidally influenced seagrass systems in Southern California and Bermuda, including vegetated (Zostera marina) and unvegetated biomes (0–16 cm) in Mission Bay, San Diego, USA and a vegetated system (Thallasia testudinium) in Mangrove Bay, Ferry Reach, Bermuda. In Mission Bay, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and total alkalinity (TA) exhibited strong increasing gradients with sediment depth. Vertical porewater profiles differed between the sites, with almost twice as high concentrations of DIC and TA observed in the vegetated compared to the unvegetated sediments. In Mangrove Bay, both the range and vertical profiles of porewater carbonate parameters such as DIC and TA were much lower and, in contrast to Mission Bay where no distinct temporal signal was observed, biogeochemical parameters followed the semi-diurnal tidal signal in the water column. The observed differences between the study sites most likely reflect a differential influence of biological (biomass, detritus and infauna) and physical processes (e.g., sediment permeability, residence time and mixing) on porewater carbonate chemistry in the different settings.
Rethinking morbidity compression
Authors: Seaman Rosie , Höhn Andreas , Lindahl-Jacobsen Rune , Martikainen Pekka , van Raalte Alyson , Christensen Kaare
Published: May 2020

Studies of morbidity compression routinely report the average number of years spent in an unhealthy state but do not report variation in age at morbidity onset. Variation was highlighted by Fries (1980) as crucial for identifying disease postponement. Using incidence of first hospitalization after age 60, as one working example, we estimate variation in morbidity onset over a 27-year period in Denmark. Annual estimates of first hospitalization and the population at risk for 1987 to 2014 were identified using population-based registers. Sex-specific life tables were constructed, and the average age, the threshold age, and the coefficient of variation in age at first hospitalization were calculated. On average, first admissions lasting two or more days shifted towards older ages between 1987 and 2014. The average age at hospitalization increased from 67.8 years (95% CI 67.7–67.9) to 69.5 years (95% CI 69.4–69.6) in men, and 69.1 (95% CI 69.1–69.2) to 70.5 years (95% CI 70.4–70.6) in women. Variation in age at first admission increased slightly as the coefficient of variation increased from 9.1 (95% CI 9.0–9.1) to 9.9% (95% CI 9.8–10.0) among men, and from 10.3% (95% CI 10.2–10.4) to 10.6% (95% CI 10.5–10.6) among women. Our results suggest populations are ageing with better health today than in the past, but experience increasing diversity in healthy ageing. Pensions, social care, and health services will have to adapt to increasingly heterogeneous ageing populations, a phenomenon that average measures of morbidity do not capture.
Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate suppresses inflammation in RAW264.7 macrophages and blocks macrophage–adipocyte interaction
Authors: Olajide Olumayokun A. , Akande Idowu S. , da Silva Maia Bezerra Filho Carlos , Lepiarz-Raba Izabela , de Sousa Damião Pergentino
Published: May 2020

Methyl 3,4,5-trimethoxycinnamate (MTC) is a bioactive natural phenylpropanoid. We evaluated anti-inflammatory effects of synthetic MTC in RAW264.7 macrophages and RAW264.7–3T3-L1 adipocytes co-culture. Levels of cytokines and chemokines, as well as NO and PGE2 in cell supernatants were analysed using ELISAs, Griess assay and enzyme immunoassays, respectively. In-cell cytoblot was used to assess levels of proteins; while DNA binding and reporter gene assays were used to measure transcription factor DNA binding and transcriptional activities, respectively. Glucose uptake in adipocytes was evaluated with 2‐deoxy‐2‐[(7‐nitro‐2, 1, 3‐benzoxadiazol‐4‐yl) amino]‐d‐glucose uptake. MTC (5–20 µM) suppressed LPS + IFNγ-induced release of TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1β, as well as NO/iNOS and PGE2/COX-2 levels in RAW264.7 cells. Furthermore, there was a reduction in phospho-IκB and phospho-p65 proteins, accompanied by a reduction in total IκB in RAW264.7 cells. Further studies showed that MTC also produced a reduction in NF-κB DNA binding and luciferase activity. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with MTC (5–20 µM) resulted in enhanced DNA binding of Nrf2 and an increase in ARE-luciferase activity. In a macrophage–adipocyte co-culture, the compound reduced the release of TNFα, IL-6, IL-1β, MCP-1 and RANTES, while enhancing glucose uptake and activation of AMPKα. Our results suggest that MTC produced anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities in macrophages. MTC also prevented inflammation in macrophage–adipocyte co-culture. The effect of MTC on glucose uptake in adipocytes is proposed to be linked to activation of AMPK.
Biochemical composition of red, green and brown seaweeds on the Swedish west coast
Authors: Olsson Joakim , Toth Gunilla B. , Albers Eva
Published: May 2020

Seaweed biomass has the potential to become an important raw material for bio-based production. The aim of this study was to screen the overall composition of several seaweed species on the Swedish west coast, including some scarcely studied species, to provide fundamentals for evaluation of biorefining potential and to benchmark with already potentially industrially relevant species and commercially important land-based biomasses. Twenty-two common seaweed species (green, red, brown) were collected and the carbohydrate, ash, protein, water and metal contents were measured. Carbohydrate content varied between 237 and 557 g kg−1dry weight (dw), making it the largest constituent, on a dry weight basis, of most species in the study. Ash, which is considered unwanted in biorefining, ranged between 118 and 419 g kg−1dw and was the largest constituent in several seaweeds, which were therefore considered unsuitable for biorefining. Protein content was most abundant in the red seaweeds but was generally low in all species (59–201 g kg−1dw). High contents of several unwanted metals for processing or human consumption were found (e.g. aluminium, arsenic, copper, chromium and nickel), which need to be considered when utilizing seaweeds for certain applications. Potential targets for further biorefinery development mostly include species already known for their potential (Saccharina latissima,Laminaria digitataandChondrus crispus) while some, such asHalidrys siliquosaandDilsea carnosa, have not been previously noted. However, more detailed studies are required to explore biorefinery processes for these seaweeds, as well as how to potentially cultivate them.
Motives and considerations regarding PGT in couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality: a qualitative exploration
Authors: De Krom G. , Severijns Y. , Vlieg W. L. , Arens Y. H. J. M. , Van Golde R. J. T. , De Die-Smulders C. E. M. , Van Osch L. A. D. M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

This study aims to describe the motives and considerations of couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality deciding on preimplantation genetic testing (PGT).

Methods

A qualitative exploratory study was conducted using semi-structured dyadic interviews with 13 couples (N = 26) carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality. All couples had an informative consultation in our PGT centre in the Netherlands.

Results

Almost all couples considered PGT or natural conception combined with prenatal diagnosis (PND) as the only two reproductive options. Among several considerations mentioned, the majority indicated that the wish to increase the chance of a successful pregnancy was the most important motive to opt for PGT. All couples who opted for PGT had first tried to conceive spontaneously and entered the PGT programme because of their adverse experiences during these attempts (infertility, recurrent miscarriage, termination of pregnancy, birth of an affected child). Couples that refrained from PGT were of advanced maternal age and expressed the long trajectory of PGT as the main reason to refrain. If conceiving spontaneously would not lead to an ongoing pregnancy, these couples also indicated that they would use PGT.

Conclusion

This study shows that couples carrying a structural chromosomal abnormality consider PGT and spontaneous conception with PND as relevant reproductive options. They are looking for the option that is in their opinion the fastest way to establish a successful pregnancy. Information on the perceived pros and cons of PGT or spontaneous conception in these couples can help to optimize counselling and psychological support during the decision-making process.
Quantum Counterpart of Classical Equipartition of Energy
Authors: Łuczka Jerzy
Published: May 2020

It is shown that the recently proposed quantum analogue of classical energy equipartition theorem for two paradigmatic, exactly solved models (i.e., a free Brownian particle and a dissipative harmonic oscillator) also holds true for all quantum systems which are composed of an arbitrary number of non-interacting or interacting particles, subjected to any confining potentials and coupled to thermostat with arbitrary coupling strength.
Using Technology to Support Expectant and Parenting Youth through Case Management: Lessons Learned in the Field
Authors: Kang Nichole , Patrick Morgan , Williams Frances , Hemady Katharine , Aussendorf Mara , Greenbacker Livia , Kannam Allison
Published: May 2020

Introduction

The Support. Empower. Learn. Parenting Health Initiative (SELPHI) provides expectant and parenting youth ages 16–24 in Philadelphia with supports to improve educational, social, and economic outcomes to shape their health and the health of their children. Phone, text, video-based, and social media communication technology is built in to SELPHI’s program design to facilitate case management and connect clients to a broad referral network. Given the novelty of using information and communication technology (ICT) in case management, the reported lessons learned seek to give providers a specific and nuanced picture of ICT in case management.

Methods

In its initial 6-month implementation period, SELPHI’s five case managers, called Navigators, served 59 clients. Data from feedback surveys and case records were collected from clients and Navigators. Data included client demographic characteristics, needs assessment, and contact records to inform continuous quality improvement (CQI).

Results

ICT’s benefits included having multiple ways to connect to difficult-to-reach clients, the ability to be more responsive to clients, and the flexibility to address scheduling and transportation barriers. ICT’s challenges are related to Navigators’ boundary setting, limitations on rapport building, and data security considerations. CQI data are presented to illustrate the lessons learned. Text messages were the most prevalent ICT; phone calls were most successful in engaging clients. Clients’ ICT preferences differed by purpose of communication.

Discussion

Findings suggest that programs should understand the nuances of client contact preferences. To maximize the benefits of ICT, programs must develop or adapt protocols based on preference and purpose of communication.
CCL20 induced by visfatin in macrophages via the NF-κB and MKK3/6-p38 signaling pathways contributes to hepatic stellate cell activation
Authors: Heo Yu Jung , Choi Sung-E , Lee Nami , Jeon Ja Young , Han Seung Jin , Kim Dae Jung , Kang Yup , Lee Kwan Woo , Kim Hae Jin
Published: May 2020

Chemokines interact with hepatic resident cells during inflammation and fibrosis. CC chemokine ligand (CCL) 20 has been reported to be important in inflammation and fibrosis in the liver. We hypothesized that visfatin, an adipocytokine, could play a role in hepatic fibrosis via CCL20. We investigated the effect of visfatin on CCL20 in THP-1 human promonocytic cells and examined the molecular mechanisms involved. Following treatment of THP-1 cells with visfatin, CCL20 expression and secretion were assessed. We assessed the intracellular signaling molecules IKK/NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3, MAPKs, and MKK3/6 by western blotting. We treated THP-1 cells with visfatin and signaling inhibitors, and examined CCL20 mRNA and protein levels. To investigate the effect of visfatin-induced CCL20 expression in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), LX-2 cells were co-cultured with the culture supernatant of THP-1 cells with or without anti-CCL20 neutralizing antibodies, and fibrosis markers were examined by RT-PCR and immunoblotting. In THP-1 cells, visfatin increased the CCL20 mRNA and protein levels. visfatin increased the activities of the NF-κB, p38, and MLK3/6 signaling pathways but not those of the JAK2/STAT3 and ERK pathways. Visfatin treatment together with an NF-κB, p38, or MLK3 inhibitor reduced the mRNA and protein levels of CCL20. The visfatin-induced CCL20 increased the expression of fibrosis markers and CCR6 in HSCs. Following neutralization of CCL20, the levels of fibrosis markers and CCR6 were decreased. Visfatin increases the expression of CCL20 via the NF-κB and MKK3/6-p38 signaling pathways in macrophages, and visfatin-induced CCL20 expression promotes the fibrosis markers in HSCs.
Nonrestorative sleep scale: a reliable and valid short form of the traditional Chinese version
Authors: Li S. , Fong D. Y. T. , Wong J. Y. H. , Wilkinson K. , Shapiro C. , Choi E. P. H. , McPherson B. , Lau E. Y. Y. , Lam C. L. K. , Huang L. X. , Ip M. S. M.
Published: May 2020

Purpose

Previous research has suggested the essential unidimensionality of the 12-item traditional Chinese version of the Nonrestorative Sleep Scale (NRSS). This study aimed to develop a short form of the traditional Chinese version of the NRSS without compromising its reliability and validity.

Methods

Data were collected from 2 cross-sectional studies with identical target groups of adults residing in Hong Kong. An iterative Wald test was used to assess differential item functioning by gender. Based on the generalized partial credit model, we first obtained a shortened version such that further shortening would result in substantial sacrifice of test information and standard error of measurement. Another shortened version was obtained by the optimal test assembly (OTA). The two shortened versions were compared for test information, Cronbach’s alpha, and convergent validity.

Results

Data from a total of 404 Chinese adults (60.0% female) who had completed the Chinese NRSS were gathered. All items were invariant by gender. A 6-item version was obtained beyond which the test performance substantially deteriorated, and a 9-item version was obtained by OTA. The 9-item version performed better than the 6-item version in test information and convergent validity. It had discrimination and difficulty indices ranging from 0.44 to 2.23 and − 7.58 to 2.13, respectively, and retained 92% of the test information of the original 12-item version.

Conclusion

The 9-item Chinese NRSS is a reliable and valid tool to measure nonrestorative sleep for epidemiological studies.
Assessment of Structural Monitoring by Analyzing Some Modal Parameters: An Extended Inventory of Methods and Developments
Authors: Rebenciuc Mihai , Bibic Simona Mihaela , Toma Antonela
Published: May 2020

The SHM (structural health monitoring) evaluation consists to determining the modes (resonances) of vibration characteristic of the structure and each of them is represented by its modal parameters which can be obtained experimentally and can be analyzed by different procedures. In the present paper (except subsections 2.1.1, 3.1.1) the coefficients (including the coefficient of displacement) are constant; in this regard, it is made an inventory of some methods of classical and non-classical mathematics with the specific computing scheme. All methods of classical mathematics that were considered, i.e., second-order linear nonhomogeneous differential equations, Laplace operational method, analytical conditional form, approximations with error evaluation (according to contraction principle) are inventoried and then developed—and the first two methods by comparison. As methods of the non-classical mathematics the dyadic wavelet method, the approximation (transform) fuzzy method and the grammatical evolution method are inventoried and then the first is developed. In addition, there are illustrated the calculus techniques by few examples and also computing wavelet coefficients for healthy and damaged structures. Notice that in the subsection 2.1.1 in which the coefficients (including the coefficient of displacement) are considered variable there are some transformations of (non)homogeneous equations in the scaled forms. In addition in the subsection 3.1.1 exact solutions, respectively approximations with error evaluation (according to contraction principle) relative to remarkable equations in literature (including the corresponding standard form) are obtained by using the results of 2.1.1.
Using Person-Reported Outcomes (PROs) to Motivate Young People with Diabetes
Authors: de Wit Maartje , Versloot Judith , Zenlea Ian , Goethals Eveline R.
Published: May 2020

Purpose of Review

This manuscript describes how person-reported outcomes (PROs) can be utilized in care for young people with diabetes in the context of motivation.

Recent Findings

The use of person-reported outcome measures (PROMS) in clinical care is feasible and acceptable, and helps focus the clinical encounter on life domains important to the person with diabetes. Results with regard to impact on self-management and glycemic outcomes are limited. Motivation is an important factor for self-management. Based on self-determination theory, autonomy-supportive, person-centered, and collaborative communication by diabetes care providers is associated with better outcomes. PROMs can facilitate this conversation.

Understanding of youth motivation for maintaining or improving self-management behaviors requires a person-centered approach. PROMs can be used to facilitate an autonomy-supportive and person-centered conversation in clinical care. Training diabetes care providers in autonomy-supportive, person-centered conversation skills to discuss PROs might help to tap into youth’s motivation, but further research is needed.
From Psoriasis to Psoriatic Arthritis: Insights from Imaging on the Transition to Psoriatic Arthritis and Implications for Arthritis Prevention
Authors: Zabotti Alen , Tinazzi Ilaria , Aydin Sibel Zehra , McGonagle Dennis
Published: May 2020

Purpose of Review

To describe the recent advances in the field towards the prevention and early recognition of Psoriatic Arthritis (PsA).

Recent Findings

Defining the preclinical phase of PsA remains challenging since up to 50% of subjects with psoriasis have subclinical imaging enthesopathy, but many of these do not progress to PsA. Nevertheless, there is evidence that subjects with subclinical imaging enthesopathy are at increased risk of developing PsA. In recent years, it has been shown that both PsA and anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA) positive rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are characterized by a subclinical phase of non-specific or brief duration arthralgia with shared imaging features accounting for joint symptomatology. Sonographically determined tenosynovitis and enthesitis are the key imaging features present in non-specific PsO arthralgia that are at risk of future PsA development. Furthermore, the early phases of PsA are complicated by factors including body mass index (BMI), which is a risk factor for PsA, but BMI is also associated with imaging abnormalities on enthesopathy. Fully disentangling these clinical and imaging factors will be important for enrichment for imminent PsA so that disease prevention strategies can be investigated.

Psoriasis patients with arthralgia have a higher prevalence of tenosynovitis and imaging enthesopathy is at higher risk of transitioning to overt PsA.
Thioredoxin System Protein Expression Is Associated with Poor Clinical Outcome in Adult and Paediatric Gliomas and Medulloblastomas
Authors: Yao Anqi , Storr Sarah J. , Al-hadyan Khaled , Rahman Ruman , Smith Stuart , Grundy Richard , Paine Simon , Martin Stewart G.
Published: May 2020

The thioredoxin (Trx) system is an important enzyme family that regulates cellular redox homeostasis. Protein expression of Trx system family members has been assessed in various cancers and linked to various clinicopathological variables, disease progression, treatment response and survival outcomes but information is lacking in brain tumours. Expression of the system was therefore examined, by immunohistochemistry in different brain tumour types, adult and paediatric cases, to determine if expression was of importance to clinical outcome. Trx system proteins were expressed, to variable levels, across all brain tumour types with significant variations in expression between different tumour types/grades/regions. High Trx reductase (TrxR) expression was linked to worse prognosis across all cohorts. High cytoplasmic TrxR expression was significantly associated with adverse overall survival (OS) in adult glioblastoma (P = 0.027) and paediatric low-grade glioma (LGG) patients (P = 0.012). High expression of nuclear TrxR, cytoplasmic and nuclear Trx and Trx-interacting protein (TxNIP) was associated with improved OS in paediatric LGGs (P = 0.031, P < 0.001, P = 0.044 and P = 0.018, respectively). For patients with high-grade gliomas, both high cytoplasmic TrxR and Trx expression were associated with poor OS (P = 0.002 and P = 0.007, respectively). In medulloblastoma, high expression of cytoplasmic TrxR and Trx and nuclear Trx was associated with worse prognosis (P = 0.013, P = 0.033 and P = 0.007, respectively); with cytoplasmic TrxR and nuclear Trx remaining so in multivariate analysis (P = 0.009 and P = 0.013, respectively). The consistent finding that high levels of cytoplasmic TrxR are associated with a worse prognosis across all cohorts suggests that TrxR is an important therapeutic target in brain cancers.
Resource-harvester cycles caused by delayed knowledge of the harvested population state can be dampened by harvester forecasting
Authors: Adamson Matthew W. , Hilker Frank M.
Published: May 2020

The monitoring of ecosystems and the spread of information concerning their state among human stakeholders is often a lengthy process. The importance of mutual feedbacks between socioeconomic and ecological dynamics is being increasingly recognised in recent studies, but it is generally assumed that the feedback from the environment is instantaneous, ignoring any delay in the spread of ecosystem knowledge and the resulting potential for system stability loss. On the other hand, human actors rarely make purely myopic socioeconomic decisions as is often assumed. Rather, they show a degree of foresight for future utility which may have an opposing, stabilising effect to any delay in knowledge. In this paper, we consider a generic resource-harvester model with delayed ecosystem knowledge and predictive behaviour by the harvesters. We show that delays in the spread of information about the resource level can destabilise the bioeconomic equilibrium in the system and induce harvesting cycles or the collapse of the resource. Sufficiently farsighted prediction by the harvesters can stabilise the system, provided the delay is not too long. However, if the time horizon of prediction is too long relative to the timescale of resource growth, prediction can be destabilising even in the absence of delay. The results imply that effective monitoring of ecosystems and fast dissemination of the results are necessary for their sustainable use and that efforts to promote appropriate foresight among ecosystem users on the personal and institutional level would be beneficial to the stability of coupled socioeconomic-ecological systems.
The multivariate method strikes again: New power functions with low differential uniformity in odd characteristic
Authors: Felke Patrick
Published: May 2020

Let f(x) = xd be a power mapping over $\mathbb {F}_{n}$

F

n

and $\mathcal {U}_{d}$

U

d

the maximum number of solutions $x\in \mathbb {F}_{n}$
x
∈

F

n

of ${\Delta }_{f,c}(x):=f(x+c)-f(x)=a\text {, where }c,a\in \mathbb {F}_{n}\text { and } c\neq 0$

Δ

f
,
c

(
x
)
:
=
f
(
x
+
c
)
−
f
(
x
)
=
a
, where

c
,
a
∈

F

n

and

c
≠
0
. f is said to be differentially k-uniform if $\mathcal {U}_{d} =k$

U

d

=
k
. The investigation of power functions with low differential uniformity over finite fields $\mathbb {F}_{n}$

F

n

of odd characteristic has attracted a lot of research interest since Helleseth, Rong and Sandberg started to conduct extensive computer search to identify such functions. These numerical results are well-known as the Helleseth-Rong-Sandberg tables and are the basis of many infinite families of power mappings $x^{d_{n}},n \in \mathbb {N},$

x

d

n

,
n
∈
ℕ
,
of low uniformity (see e.g. Dobbertin et al. Discret. Math. 267, 95–112 2003; Helleseth et al. IEEE Trans. Inform Theory, 45, 475–485 1999; Helleseth and Sandberg AAECC, 8, 363–370 1997; Leducq Amer. J. Math. 1(3) 115–123 1878; Zha and Wang Sci. China Math. 53(8) 1931–1940 2010). Recently the crypto currency IOTA and Cybercrypt started to build computer chips around base-3 logic to employ their new ternary hash function Troika, which currently increases the cryptogrpahic interest in such families. Especially bijective power mappings are of interest, as they can also be employed in block- and stream ciphers. In this paper we contribute to this development and give a family of power mappings $x^{d_{n}}$

x

d

n

with low uniformity over $\mathbb {F}_{n}$

F

n

, which is bijective for p ≡ 3 mod 4. For p = 3 this yields a family $x^{d_{n}}$

x

d

n

with $3\leq \mathcal {U}_{d_{n}}\leq 4,$
3
≤

U

d

n

≤
4
,
where the family of inverses has a very simple description. These results explain “open entries” in the Helleseth-Rong-Sandberg tables. We apply the multivariate method to compute the uniformity and thereby give a self-contained introduction to this method. Moreover we will prove for a related family of low uniformity introduced in Helleseth and Sandberg (AAECC, 8 363–370 1997) that it yields permutations.
Socio-Economic Differences in the Development of Six-Year-Old Children in Rural Areas of East Poland
Authors: Jopkiewicz Andrzej , Nowak Stanisław Bogdan , Jopkiewicz Agata Maria , Lelonek Magdalena
Published: May 2020

The aim of this study is to evaluate socio-economic differences in physical, cognitive, and motor development among six-year-old children living in rural areas. The study encompassed 228 children, including 118 girls and 110 boys living in different rural settlements in the Świętokrzyskie Province in Poland, who were selected through a combination of nonprobability and random sampling. The study was carried out from April to June 2014. A questionnaire was used to collect information from the parents of the children concerning the parents’ education, number of children in the family, and the number of persons per room. Based on the concept of socio-economic status (SES), three levels of quality of life conditions of each family, i.e., high, average, and low, were distinguished. The study noted considerable differences in BMI, and especially the cognitive development of the children with respect to the socio-economic status of their family. It was observed that children from rural areas who live in bad socio-economic conditions are exposed to a wide range of negative factors affecting their health, which leads to lower educational results and negative long-term biological and psychosocial consequences. The chance for more rapid alignment of development deficits for those children would have been their earlier cover of school duty.
Accuracy of the UAV-Based DEM of Beach–Foredune Topography in Relation to Selected Morphometric Variables, Land Cover, and Multitemporal Sediment Budget
Authors: Rotnicka Joanna , Dłużewski Maciej , Dąbski Maciej , Rodzewicz Mirosław , Włodarski Wojciech , Zmarz Anna
Published: May 2020

Recent developments in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have resulted in high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs) of vulnerable coastal environments, including beach–foredune topography. If performed repetitively, they can offer an excellent tool to determine the spatial and temporal changes in the sediment budget, which may be required for proper land management. However, the quality of a UAV, slope parameters, and vegetation significantly influence DEM accuracy. The aim of this study is to compare precise GPS-RTK transects across a section of the South Baltic coast in Poland with those obtained from a DEM based on high-resolution and high-accuracy images obtained by a wind-resistant, high-quality fixed-wing UAV during beyond visual line of sight operation (BVLOS). Different land cover classes, slope inclination, and general curvature, as well as surface roughness, were taken into consideration as possible factors influencing the uncertainty. The study revealed that marram grass greatly affects the accuracy of the UAV-derived model and that the uncertainty of the UAV-derived DEM increases together with increasing slope inclination and, to a lesser degree, with increasing general slope curvature. We showed that sediment budget determinations with the use of a UAV-based DEM are correct only where grass cover is sparse, in our study, up to 20% of the area.
From ice to space: a greenhouse design for Moon or Mars based on a prototype deployed in Antarctica
Authors: Maiwald Volker , Vrakking Vincent , Zabel Paul , Schubert Daniel , Waclavicek René , Dorn Markus , Fiore Lorenzo , Imhof Barbara , Rousek Tomas , Rossetti Vittorio , Zeidler Conrad
Published: May 2020

The future of human space exploration is aimed at long-term missions to Moon and Mars. Currently, plans are elaborated by NASA, ESA, CNSA and others for a return to the lunar environment within the next decade as an intermediate step towards the goal of reaching the surface of Mars. For sustenance and crew comfort the crew of such long-duration missions should be provided with fresh food on the lunar or Martian surface. Due to the associated power demand, the required resources and technological complexity, this is a major challenge for this kind of missions. To continuously provide fresh food without the need for cargo transfer from Earth towards Moon or Mars an on-site greenhouse system is required, producing the fresh food in situ. The associated effort and cost for all resources to be transported to the base of operation prohibit any waste of resources, requiring a system operating in a (nearly) closed loop. Developing and validating a prototype for an effective and efficient greenhouse, labeled future exploration greenhouse (FEG) for space exploration has been the goal of the EDEN ISS project, funded by the EU, in the past 4 years. This paper shows the results of a design elaboration of the FEG into a greenhouse for planetary deployment on Moon or Mars. Guided by lessons learned from operating the FEG in Antarctica for one year and based on assumptions concerning the mission scenario, e.g. assuming an existing base infrastructure on-site, the presented design incorporates a plant growth area which is more than a factor of two larger than the prototype. The total mass of the cylindrical system, including equipment required during launch, transfer and landing, is about 19 mT, fitting into a Falcon 9 launcher. The versatile design is compatible with a wide variety of mission scenarios, e.g. ESA’s Moon Village, and currently public mission plans.
Duloxetine-Induced Neural Cell Death and Promoted Neurite Outgrowth in N2a Cells
Authors: Gao Wanli , Chen Rui , Xie Nan , Tang Daolin , Zhou Borong , Wang Ding
Published: May 2020

Duloxetine is a clinical drug that is primarily used for treatment of depression and pain, but it has side effects of addiction and tolerance. Cytochrome P450 (CYP) is its metabolic enzyme, and the drug’s biofunction results from its neuro-protective effect in animal and cell models. We aimed to investigate the duloxetine-induced neural cytotoxicity effect and its performance in an N2a cell neurite outgrowth model. Cell death was assessed as cell viability using a Cell Count Kit-8 and further evaluated using bright-field images, propidium iodide (PI) and annexin V staining, colony-formation analysis, TUNEL staining of the cells, and biochemical testing. N2a cells were committed to differentiation by serum withdrawal and RA induction, and the neurite outgrowth was evaluated as the number of differentiated cells, longest neurite length, and average neurite length. Cell cycle analysis, PI and annexin V staining, mRNA expression, and biochemical testing were used to evaluate the drug effects on differentiation. The induction of neural cell death by duloxetine was not affected by classic cell death inhibitors but was promoted by the CYP inducer rifampicin. N2a cell neurite outgrowth was promoted by duloxetine via reduction of the CYP2D6 and MDA levels and induction of Bdnf protein levels. Duloxetine induces neural cell death through effects on CYP and promotes N2a cell neurite outgrowth by regulating CYP, Bdnf protein, and the intracellular lipid peroxidation level.