bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Single‐cell RNA sequencing reveals the effects of capsaicin in the treatment of sepsis‐induced liver injury
Authors: Zhang Qian , Liu Jing , Shen Jing , Ou Jinhuan , Wong Yin Kwan , Xie Lulin , Huang Jingnan , Zhang Chunting , Fu Chunjin , Chen Junhui , Chen Jiayun , He Xueling , Shi Fei , Luo Piao , Gong Ping , Liu Xueyan , Wang Jigang
Published: October 2023

Sepsis is a difficult‐to‐treat systemic condition in which liver dysfunction acts as both regulator and target. However, the dynamic response of diverse intrahepatic cells to sepsis remains poorly characterized. Capsaicin (CAP), a multifunctional chemical derived from chilli peppers, has recently been shown to potentially possess anti‐inflammatory effects, which is also one of the main approaches for drug discovery against sepsis. We performed single‐cell RNA transcriptome sequencing on 86,830 intrahepatic cells isolated from normal mice, cecal ligation and puncture‐induced sepsis model mice and CAP‐treated mice. The transcriptional atlas of these cells revealed dynamic changes in hepatocytes, macrophages, neutrophils, and endothelial cells in response to sepsis. Among the extensive crosstalk across these major subtypes, KC_Cxcl10 shared strong potential interaction with other cells when responding to sepsis. CAP mitigated the severity of inflammation by partly reversing these pathophysiologic processes. Specific cell subpopulations in the liver act collectively to escalate inflammation, ultimately causing liver dysfunction. CAP displays its health‐promoting function by ameliorating liver dysfunction induced by sepsis. Our study provides valuable insights into the pathophysiology of sepsis and suggestions for future therapeutic gain.
Noncanonical Emden–Fowler neutral differential equations: New criteria for oscillation
Authors: Abouelregal A. E. , Moaaz O. , Muhib A. , Abouhawwash M. , Khalil K. M. , Nasr M. E.
Published: October 2023

In this study, we extend the approach used to study the oscillatory behavior of delay differential equations to neutral equations. In the noncanonical case, we establish a new one‐condition criterion that guarantees the oscillation of a class of second‐order Emden‐Fowler neutral differential equations. The symmetry between the positive and negative solutions of the studied equation plays an important role in the proof of our results. Finally, we present an example to compare our results with previous relevant results.
Polyvinyl chloride surface coated with polymer brushes using a chain‐transfer reaction for enhanced fouling resistance
Authors: Almousa Rashed , Chen Yong , Li Jiliang , Anderson Gregory G. , Xie Dong
Published: October 2023

This study reports coating negatively charged polymer brushes covalently onto the surface of polyvinylchloride (PVC) using a simple conventional surface free‐radical polymerization technique with help of a chain transfer agent. The coated surfaces were assessed with contact angle, protein adsorption, cell adhesion and bacterial adhesion. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and bovine fibrinogen (BFG) were used for protein adsorption evaluation. Mouse fibroblast (NIH‐3 T3) cells and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) were used to assess cell and bacterial adhesion. Results show that the surface modified with all the attached polymer brushes exhibited significantly reduced contact angle, protein adsorption, and cell as well as bacterial adhesion, among which the negatively charged polymers showed the extremely low values in all the tests. The negatively charged polymer shows its contact angle at 4.6° as compared to 70° for original PVC. Its BSA, BFG, 3 T3 adhesion and P. aeruginosa adhesion were 93%, 84%, 92%, and 95% lower than original PVC. Furthermore, the PVC surface coated with negatively charged polymer brushes exhibited a hydrogel‐like property. The results indicate placing acrylic acids using a simple surface‐initiated free‐radical polymerization with help of a chain transfer agent onto PVC surface and then converting the acids to negative charges can be an affective and efficient route for fouling resistant applications.
Metameric Brooker's versus Reichardt's zwitterions: Conformational metamorphosis on optoelectronic properties, using coupled‐perturbed and finite field theories
Authors: Pant Divya , Sitha Sanyasi
Published: October 2023

This contribution reports influences of unusual conformational metamorphosis shown by Reichardt's and Brooker's metameric zwitterions by an earlier work, on various intrinsic electronic and optoelectronic properties. Detailed quantum mechanical investigations were carried out using HF, B3LYP, CAM‐B3LYP, and ωB97xD methodologies. Observations suggest that whereas certain properties were directly and strongly influenced by the conformation preferences (twisted vs. planar), others were not strongly inclined to such conformational transformations. Interestingly, even with inherent conformational differences, observed properties were found to have only one major contributing component in each molecule and can be beneficial in one dimensional (1D) or pseudo‐1D chromophore design strategies. Both coupled perturbed (CP) and finite field (FF) theories were used to compute dipole moments, polarizabilities, and hyperpolarizabilities, and so on, and excellent agreements (or exact matching results) were observed between the two theories. Reichardt's metamer was found to be more efficient in many aspects than Brooker's metamer. The direct and strong influences of metameric manipulations on structure–property correlations shown in this work can be adopted as a useful strategy for efficient chromophore design. Such a strategy is useful in the field of nonlinear optics, and may also find applications in various other areas of material sciences.
One‐step site‐specific S‐alkylation of full‐length caveolin‐1: Lipidation modulates the topology of its C‐terminal domain
Authors: Julien Jeffrey A. , Rousseau Alain , Perone Thomas V. , LaGatta David M. , Hong Chan , Root Kyle T. , Park Soohyung , Fuanta René , Im Wonpil , Glover Kerney Jebrell
Published: October 2023

Caveolin‐1 is an integral membrane protein that is known to acquire a number of posttranslational modifications upon trafficking to the plasma membrane. In particular, caveolin‐1 is palmitoylated at three cysteine residues (C133, C143, and C156) located within the C‐terminal domain of the protein which could have structural and topological implications. Herein, a reliable preparation of full‐length S‐alkylated caveolin‐1, which closely mimics the palmitoylation observed in vivo, is described. HPLC and ESI‐LC‐MS analyses verified the addition of the C16 alkyl groups to caveolin‐1 constructs containing one (C133), two (C133 and C143), and three (C133, C143, and C156) cysteine residues. Circular dichroism spectroscopy analysis of the constructs revealed that S‐alkylation does not significantly affect the global helicity of the protein; however, molecular dynamics simulations revealed that there were local regions where the helicity was altered positively or negatively by S‐alkylation. In addition, the simulations showed that lipidation tames the topological promiscuity of the C‐terminal domain, resulting in a disposition within the bilayer characterized by increased depth.
Identification and characterization of a small molecule that activates thiosulfate sulfurtransferase and stimulates mitochondrial respiration
Authors: Al‐Dahmani Zeyana M. , Hadian Mojgan , Ruiz‐Moreno Angel J. , Maria Sabogal‐Guaqueta Angelica , Batista Fernando A. , Zhang Ran , Luo Yang , Sadremomtaz Afsaneh , van der Straat Robin , Spoor Mette , Dolga Amalia M. , Dekker Frank J. , S S Alexander Dömling , van Goor Harry , Groves Matthew R.
Published: October 2023

The enzyme Thiosulfate sulfurtransferase (TST, EC 2.8.1.1), is a positive genetic predictor of diabetes type 2 and obesity. As increased TST activity protects against the development of diabetic symptoms in mice, an activating compound for TST may provide therapeutic benefits in diabetes and obesity. We identified a small molecule activator of human TST through screening of an inhouse small molecule library. Kinetic studies in vitro suggest that two distinct isomers of the compound are required for full activation as well as an allosteric mode of activation. Additionally, we studied the effect of TST protein and the activator on TST activity through mitochondrial respiration. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) approaches supports an allosteric site for the binding of the activator, which is supported by the lack of activation in theEscherichia coli. mercaptopyruvate sulfurtransferase. Finally, we show that increasing TST activity in isolated mitochondria increases mitochondrial oxygen consumption.
Pharmacovigilance of unlicensed cannabidiol in European countries
Authors: Calapai Fabrizio , Esposito Emanuela , Ammendolia Ilaria , Mannucci Carmen , Calapai Gioacchino , Currò Mariaconcetta , Cardia Luigi , Chinou Ioanna
Published: October 2023

Cannabidiol (CBD) is a multitarget agent possessing anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant properties. Unlicensed CBD gained public favor for the care of general health and well‐being as well as to get comfort from inflammatory complaints, pain, anxiety, mood, and sleep disorders. Safety profile of unlicensed CBD has been not sufficiently described. For this reason, suspected adverse reactions (SARs) to CBD unlicensed products were analyzed. Serious SARs to unlicensed CBD products in EudraVigilance, a system purchased by the European Medicines Agency, were analyzed for age, sex of the patient, adverse reactions, indication for use, and concomitant drugs. Serious SARs were 18.9% of all adverse events to unlicensed CBD; they were more frequent in men and adult people and, to a less extent, in children (3–11 years). About sex, in EudraVigilance serious Individual Cases Safety Reports of SARs to CBD in men are in the largest number (58.8%) with respect to women. Unlicensed CBD was used in the 38.8% of cases for treatment of epilepsy; more frequent adverse effects were: mental disorders, hepatic disorders, and aggravation of pre‐existing epilepsy. Drugs or substances more frequently associated with SARs were the antiepileptics clobazam and valproic acid, followed by cannabis. Results suggest that precautions and appropriate surveillance of adverse effects should be taken when unlicensed CBD is used.
Gold Nanoparticles Capped with a Novel Titanium(IV)‐Containing Polyoxomolybdate Cluster: Selective and Enhanced Bactericidal Effect Against Escherichia coli
Authors: Paesa Mónica , Almazán Fernando , Yus Cristina , Sebastián Víctor , Arruebo Manuel , Gandía Luis M. , Reinoso Santiago , Pellejero Ismael , Mendoza Gracia
Published: October 2023

Bacterial infections are a public health threat of increasing concern in medical care systems; hence, the search for novel strategies to lower the use of antibiotics and their harmful effects becomes imperative. Herein, the antimicrobial performance of four polyoxometalate (POM)‐stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au@POM) against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) as Gram‐negative and Gram‐positive bacteria models, respectively, is studied. The bactericidal studies performed, both in planktonic and sessile forms, evidence the antimicrobial potential of these hybrid nanostructures with selectivity toward Gram‐negative species. In particular, the Au@GeMoTi composite with the novel [Ti2(HGeMo7O28)2]10– POM capping ligand exhibits outstanding bactericidal efficiency with a minimum inhibitory concentration of just 3.12 µm for the E. coli strain, thus outperforming the other three Au@POM counterparts. GeMoTi represents the fourth example of a water‐soluble TiIV‐containing polyoxomolybdate, and among them, the first sandwich‐type structure having heteroatoms in high‐oxidation state. The evaluation of the bactericidal mechanisms of action points to the cell membrane hyperpolarization, disruption, and subsequent nucleotide leakage and the low cytotoxicity exerted on five different cell lines at antimicrobial doses demonstrates the antibiotic‐like character. These studies highlight the successful design and development of a new POM‐based nanomaterial able to eradicate Gram‐negative bacteria without damaging mammalian cells.
Facile Synthesis of Vertical Layered Double Hydroxides Nanosheets on Co@Carbon Nanoframes as Robust Bifunctional Oxygen Electrocatalysts for Rechargeable Zn–Air Batteries
Authors: Chang Fangfang , Du Hongnan , Su Panpan , Sun Yanhui , Ye Runping , Tian Qiang , Zhang Guoxin , Li Haitao , Liu Jian
Published: October 2023

The development of efficient and low‐cost bifunctional catalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is imperative but remains challenging in rechargeable zinc–air batteries. Herein, a metal oxidation‐assisted approach is developed for the facile synthesis of a highly efficient bifunctional catalyst (Co@NC@LDHs) which is composed of layered double hydroxides (LDHs) nanosheets in situ vertically grown on the surface of hollow carbon nanoframes encapsulating Co nanoparticles (Co@NC). Specifically, the vertical LDHs distributing on the carbon surface ensure the maximized number of accessible active sites and the interaction between LDHs with the carbon matrix. The hierarchically structured bifunctional Co@NC@LDHs display an overpotential of 0.33 V at 10 mA cm−2 for OER and a half‐wave potential of 0.88 V for ORR. The potential gap (ΔE) of Co@NC@LDHs is calculated to be 0.68 V, outperforming the mixed Pt/C + RuO2 catalysts (ΔE = 0.77 V), manifesting its superior bifunctional electrocatalysis performance. Moreover, the Zn–air batteries based on Co@NC@LDHs electrocatalyst exhibit a high peak power density (185.2 mW cm−2) and excellent durability (5.0 mA cm−2 over 500 h). This work may provide a facile strategy for the fabrication of LDHs on carbon substrate, acting as efficient catalysts for broad energy‐related applications.
High‐Resolution Mapping Nanoscale Hydrophobicity for Fine Structures and Dynamic Evolution of Nanomaterial Surface
Authors: Zhang Yuyao , Zhu Xiaoying , Zhu Bokai , Chu Chiheng , Chen Baoliang
Published: October 2023

Nanomaterial hydrophobicity plays a critical role in interfacial phenomena ranging from biological toxicity to chemical reactions. However, it is difficult to figure out the high‐resolution surface hydrophobicity at the nanoscale. Herein, a chemical force microscopy is demonstrated to profile in situ hydrophobicity images with the nanoscale resolution, exhibiting order‐of‐magnitude gain than the traditional methods. This method is utilized to rapidly recognize the spatial fine structure hydrophobicity on Au, graphite, mica, and graphene oxides (GO), enabling the recognition of complicated substances and structures. It is found that the hydrophobicity of GO is opaque and is independent of stacking thickness, which is entirely different from the original graphene. Especially, the regions of wrinkles/edges are first proved to be generally less attractive to the hydrophobic probe than flat areas. This method is used to observe the dynamic evolution of GO hydrophobicity in different aqueous conditions, and is capable of detecting local oxidation variation during interfacial reactions.
Investigating river water quality assessment through non‐parametric analysis: A case study of the Godavari River in India
Authors: Modi Prakhar , Chintalacheruvu Madhusudana Rao
Published: October 2023

This study examines temporal variations in water quality parameters of Godavari River. The present study examines the concentrations of seven water quality parameters, namely total alkalinity (Alk), calcium (Ca), chlorine (Cl), total hardness (Hard), magnesium (Mg), sodium (Na), and sulfate (SO4), using data from 1981 to 2005 at seven gauging stations, that is, Mancherial, Pathagudem, Nowrangpur, Jagdalpur, Perur, Konta, and Polavaram. A seasonal analysis (pre‐monsoon, monsoon, and post‐monsoon) is conducted to detect trends in water quality parameters. The study also uses normality tests Kolmogorov–Smirnov (K–S) and Shapiro–Wilk (S–W) which reveals nonnormal distribution in the majority of datasets, necessitating non‐parametric analysis. The concentration of Alk, Ca, and Hard is found to be significantly increasing trend at some stations during all three seasons, along with significantly decreasing trend found in the concentrations of Cl, Na, and SO4 using non‐parametric Mann–Kendall's (M–K) and Sen's Slope test. The concentration of Mg depicts mixed trends at different stations which may be due the variation in agricultural practices or industrial activities surrounding the stations. It is evident that none of the parameter exhibits statistically significant trends across all seasons at any station. The results of Sen's Slope test are found to be in good agreement with Mann–Kendall's test statistics. A second order auto‐regressive model (AR (2)) is successfully employed to predict and forecast the water quality parameters in present and future time steps. The authenticity of AR (2) model is assessed using Nash‐Sutcliffe (NSE) efficiency and coefficient of determination (R2). The values of NSE and R2 are found to be more than 0.85 for all parameters during all the three seasons, along with, the values of mean square error (MSE), root mean square error (RMSE), and mean absolute error (MAE). The results of coefficient of variation (CV) and persistence‐criterion (PC) also depicts that AR (2) can successfully be utilized in forecasting the water quality parameters. The research contributes insights for effective water resource management in Godavari River basin.
The Complexity of Building Bridges of Books Across Global Cultures
Authors: Kleker Dorea , Short Kathy G. , Kim HeeYoung , Joseph Reena
Published: October 2023

Books can provide compelling invitations for children to explore global cultures, but how those books are used influences whether readers connect information about a particular global community to that culture's deeper values. Our concerns about reducing the cultural richness of a global community and establishing stereotypes led us to explore engagements for children that encourage a cosmopolitan orientation. Through this orientation, children balance critical reflection on their own cultural loyalties with critical reflection on their openness to an unfamiliar global culture. This article focuses on our learning as teachers in an afterschool club and our recognition that books can close rather than open children's minds and build walls rather than bridges across cultures.
Statistical methods for gene–environment interaction analysis
Authors: Miao Jiacheng , Wu Yixuan , Lu Qiongshi
Published: October 2023

Most human complex phenotypes result from multiple genetic and environmental factors and their interactions. Understanding the mechanisms by which genetic and environmental factors interact offers valuable insights into the genetic architecture of complex traits and holds great potential for advancing precision medicine. The emergence of large population biobanks has led to the development of numerous statistical methods aiming at identifying gene–environment interactions (G × E). In this review, we present state‐of‐the‐art statistical methodologies for G × E analysis. We will survey a spectrum of approaches for single‐variant G × E mapping, followed by various techniques for polygenic G × E analysis. We conclude this review with a discussion on the future directions and challenges in G × E research.

This article is categorized under:

Applications of Computational Statistics > Genomics/Proteomics/Genetics

Data: Types and Structure > Massive Data

Statistical Models > Linear Models
Conceptions of Diversity Among Finnish Principals
Authors: Jantunen Anita , Heikonen Lauri , Ahtiainen Raisa , Fonsén Elina , Kallioniemi Arto
Published: October 2023

Principals have a crucial role when leading the school community towards more responsive and equitable education. Changes in Finnish society have occurred rapidly, and there is a gap in Finnish research concerning diversity in education and leadership. Our aim with this study was to form an understanding of Finnish comprehensive school principals’ conceptions of diversity. Richard Milner’s (2010) outlining of the conceptual repertoires of diversity formed the basis for this examination. This study is a quantitative analysis of the responses of Finnish comprehensive school principals to a questionnaire. The results were obtained through two separate analyses: descriptive analysis about principals’ approaches to conceptions of diversity and cluster analysis to identify the profiles of principals based on their diversity conceptions. As a result, we described Finnish principals’ conceptions of diversity, as well as identifying five profiles: the Encouragers, the Understanders, the Delegators, the Adjusters and the Discreets.
Teachers as Leaders? Finnish Student Teachers’ Perceptions of Participation in Leadership in School
Authors: Lantela Lauri , Korva Saana , Purtilo-Nieminen Sirpa , Lakkala Suvi
Published: October 2023

School teachers’ work is increasingly associated with leadership. Teacher autonomy is exceptionally high in Finland, and newly qualified teachers are expected to take responsibility for and participate in leadership processes, both inside their classrooms and schoolwide. To develop these abilities, student teachers should recognise the leadership dimensions of their profession to be active agents: their opportunities to participate in and influence the development of pedagogical solutions and the operation of the school. This study explores how student teachers perceive their participation and agency in leadership in their future work. The data consist of student teachers’ (N = 68) empathy-based written stories describing either the promising future of a teacher or a future in which things went poorly. The data were analysed using a narrative approach. The results show that student teachers perceive leadership to be composed of individual professional skills and external factors that enable them to be active, such as opportunities provided by the principal and the general school culture.
In Quest of Principalship
Authors: Salo Petri , Saarukka Siv
Published: October 2023

The chapter uses a scoping literature review of Finnish school research to make sense of the task and practice of principalship in the Finnish educational context. The data consists of 20 doctoral dissertations from Finnish universities, year 2000 to 2020, in which acting and former principals study various aspects of their own professional practice.

The study aims of conceptualizing and comprehending principalship using a two-step process of analysis, with two intertwined analytical frameworks. As a result, principalship is firstly described as consisting of three intertwined practices: being a principal, doing principalship and contextualising principalship. In the second step of the analysis, a framework consisting of two basic dimensions for situating the research interests in the dissertation is constructed. The first dimension consists of school leadership understood as an individual undertaking or as a shared, social and cultural practice. The second dimension either locates principalship in its organisational, cultural and operational context or focus on professional ambitions for strategic development or change. In summary, principalship consists of tasks and duties, capacities and leadership styles, or can be constructed as a contextual social practice, for enhancing collaborative school development.
Key Resilience Factors in Four Patagonia Nature-Based Tourism Destinations in the Aysén Region of Chile
Authors: Gutiérrez Vega Cecilia , Rovira Adriano , Szmulewicz Pablo
Published: October 2023

This chapter supports the idea that tourism destinations should be prepared for adversities and that this preparation is the responsibility of key tourism stakeholders in the territory. Key resilience factors are identified for tourism destinations associated with protected areas in ChileanPatagonia. We analyze the strategic planning aspects of four case studies: Aysén Patagonia Queulat, Coyhaique-Puerto Aysén-Cerro Castillo, Lago General Carrera, and Provincia de los Glaciares (Province of the Glaciers). A measurement model was applied to assess three fundamental pillars of resilience (capabilities, ownership, and connections), incorporating natural risk assessment as a mechanism to relate resilience capacity to the territorial context. Results indicate positive evaluations for several resilience factors in three of the four tourism destinations. Nevertheless, all four destinations presented high levels of natural risks, with the Provincia de los Glaciares destination as the most vulnerable. The discussion focuses on the implications for each of the study’s destinations, suggesting that destinations with higher levels of natural risks should focus on strengthening their resilience factors. Thus, these destinations should develop strategies to build connections (relations with other networks), capacities (management of tools and knowledge, social and technical skills), and ownership (participation of local actors and managers in the governance of the territory).
Contributions of Nature Bathing to Resilience and Sustainability
Authors: Lazo Álvarez Angel Custodio , Ednie Andrea , Gale-Detrich Trace
Published: October 2023

This chapter discusses the merits of harmonious relationships between people, society, and nature, and their potential to help address increasing societal vulnerabilities. In recent years, The Chilean National Forestry Corporation (CONAF) has developed the concept of nature bathing, through its Nature for Everyone program. Nature bathing draws from validated programs that have been found to strengthen the immune system and reduce anxiety, depression, and stress, all of which may contribute to greater psychological resilience. Specifically, CONAF’s Nature Bathing program integrates elements of the cosmovision and practices associated with forest bathing (Shinrin Yoku, in Japanese), grounding, and Andean Indigenous and popular culture. Accredited experts facilitate a 2–3-hour experience in a PA, promoting a reflective meditation (mindfulness), that immerses participants in the environment by activating the senses. This chapter reviews the health benefits attributed to spending time in nature and developing direct relationships with nature. Next, we share some practices and traditions being employed around the world to purposefully rebuild human connections with nature. Then, we delve into CONAF’s Nature Bathing initiative, as an example of a transformative program designed to strengthen the role of PAs as public health infrastructure and help visitors build resilience while rediscovering their interconnectedness with nature.
How Changing Imaginaries of Nature and Tourism Have Shaped National Protected Area Creation in Argentine Patagonia
Authors: Anderson Christopher B. , Dicenta Mara , Archibald Jessica L. , Valenzuela Alejandro E. J.
Published: October 2023

Even regions of the planet widely considered to be “remote” or “pristine” like Patagonia are actually dynamic social-ecological systems with interrelated local-international connections of discourses, practices, and institutions. Yet, their study and management often do not consider this complexity. In Argentine Patagonia’s iconic landscapes, protected areas (PAs) represent a major human-nature relationship, and PA creation has been motivated by objectives ranging from geopolitical interests to biodiversityconservation. In this chapter, we employed the social imaginary framework to conduct an historical analysis of local, national, and international influences regarding the way nature and tourism are conceived and managed in national PAs. We evaluated the discourses (ideals, values, beliefs) and institutions (norms, rules, structures, stakeholders) involved in creating these PAs in Argentine Patagonia. The national PA system was legally formed in the 1930s, but initial efforts reach back as far as the early 1900s. We found that while the globalization of Patagonian conservation-based development has consolidated since the 1980s, local-international relationships extended over more than a century to co-produce these social-ecological systems.
Western Patagonia: From Frontiers of Exploration to the Commodification of Nature
Authors: Salazar-Burrows Alejandro , Matus Claudia , Olea-Peñaloza Jorge
Published: October 2023

Western Patagonia is a territory whose historical trajectory has been described in terms of the harshness of its colonization processes and the constant struggle to domesticate nature. These ideas are still in use today. This chapter reflects on two major transformations: first, the historical and environmental configuration of western Patagonia, including the colonization processes and their continuity up to the present day, and the continuities and ruptures of economic activities, mainly tourism. Second, it describes the current occupation strategies, mainly focused on the touristification of western Patagonia, understood as a process of commodification of nature. As a result, we discuss the impact of normative notions of nature and culture in the production of narratives about western Patagonia, which constitute the basis of the practices of the contemporary tourism industry. At the same time, we identify and consider that the previous production and use of data about the territory provide a particular reality in which the definition of both social and natural aspects of the territory must be considered.
Beyond the Border: Understanding Freshwater Resources, Shared Identity, and Transboundary Cooperation in Southern Patagonia
Authors: Mirza Sanober R. , Repetto Giavelli Fiorella , Thomsen Jennifer M.
Published: October 2023

Rapidly increasing environmental threats that transcend political borders have highlighted the need for collaborative approaches to conservation that extend beyond protected areas. Transboundary conservation operates across political and spatial scales by involving two or more countries cooperating to conserve a border resource or ecosystem. Though the recognition of transboundary conservation is growing, there is limited understanding of the key factors that can support these initiatives or impede them from achieving their goals. This study focused on the Southern Patagonian Ice Field, shared between Chile and Argentina. To gain a greater understanding of transboundary conservation within this landscape, we conducted a case study using semi-structured interviews to explore stakeholder perspectives on key factors influencing transboundary collaboration. The findings from this project have underscored the role of freshwater resources in disputed, transboundary landscapes. Second, local community collaboration, rooted in shared identity, was the basis of existing transboundary collaboration in Southern Patagonia, demonstrating the need to emphasize the local scale in transboundary initiatives. Also, a need was identified for more meaningful engagement and inclusion of both local and Indigenous communities in this transboundary landscape.
Modeling the complexity of elliptic black hole solution in 4D using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with stacked neural networks
Authors: Hatefi Armin , Hatefi Ehsan , López-Sastre Roberto J.
Published: October 2023

Abstract

In this paper, we study the black hole solution of self-similar gravitational collapse in the Einstein-axion-dilaton system for the elliptic class in four dimensions. The solution is invariant under space-time dilation, which is combined with internal SL(2,R) transformations. Due to the complex and highly nonlinear pattern of the equations of motion in the physics of black holes, researchers typically have to use various numerical techniques to make the equations tractable to estimate the parameters and the critical solutions. To this end, they have to ignore the numerical measurement errors in estimating the parameters. To our knowledge, for the first time in the literature on axion-dilation systems, we propose to estimate the critical collapse functions in a Bayesian framework. We develop a novel methodology to translate the modelling of the complexity of the elliptic black hole to a sampling problem using Hamiltonian Monte Carlo with stacked neural networks. Unlike methods in the literature, this probabilistic approach enables us not only to recover the available deterministic solution but also to explore possibly all physically distinguishable self-similar solutions that may occur due to numerical measurement errors.
S-matrix path integral approach to symmetries and soft theorems
Authors: Kim Seolhwa , Kraus Per , Monten Ruben , Myers Richard M.
Published: October 2023

Abstract

We explore a formulation of the S-matrix in terms of the path integral with specified asymptotic data, as originally proposed by Arefeva, Faddeev, and Slavnov. In the tree approximation the S-matrix is equal to the exponential of the classical action evaluated on-shell. This formulation is well-suited to questions involving asymptotic symmetries, as it avoids reference to non-gauge/diffeomorphism invariant bulk correlators or sources at intermediate stages. We show that the soft photon theorem, originally derived by Weinberg and more recently connected to asymptotic symmetries by Strominger and collaborators, follows rather simply from invariance of the action under large gauge transformations applied to the asymptotic data. We also show that this formalism allows for efficient computation of the S-matrix in curved spacetime, including particle production due to a time dependent metric.
Persistierende Riechminderung nach COVID-19 – Empfehlungen der Arbeitsgemeinschaft Olfaktologie und Gustologie der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Hals-Nasen-Ohren-Heilkunde, Kopf- und Hals-Chirurgie e. V.
Authors: Hintschich Constantin A. , Wege-Lüssen Antje , Göktas Önder , Stuck Boris A. , Müller Christian A. , Hummel Thomas
Published: October 2023

Der Artikel soll die existierende Literatur zu mit COVID-19 („coronavirus disease 2019“) assoziierten Riechstörungen nicht vollständig aufarbeiten, sondern die für die HNO-ärztliche Praxis relevanten Forschungserkenntnisse zusammenfassen sowie Empfehlungen zur Diagnostik und Therapie bei persistierenden Riechstörungen nach COVID-19 geben.
Mineralogy and mineral chemistry of the ABM replacement-style volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit, Finlayson Lake district, Yukon, Canada
Authors: Denisová Nikola , Piercey Stephen J. , Wälle Markus
Published: October 2023

The ABM deposit is a bimodal-felsic, replacement-style volcanogenic massive sulfide deposit (VMS) that is hosted by back-arc affinity rocks of the Yukon–Tanana terrane in the Finlayson Lake VMS district, Yukon, Canada. Massive sulfide zones occur as stacked and stratabound lenses subparallel to the volcanic stratigraphy, surrounded by pervasive white mica and/or chlorite alteration. Remnant clasts of volcanic rocks and preserved bedding occur locally within the massive sulfide lenses and indicate that mineralization formed through subseafloor replacement of pre-existing strata. Three mineral assemblages occur at the ABM deposit: (1) a pyrite–chalcopyrite–magnetite–pyrrhotite assemblage that is associated with Cu–Bi–Se–Co-enrichment and occurs at the center of the massive sulfide lenses; (2) a pyrite–sphalerite assemblage, which occurs more commonly towards lens margins and is enriched in Zn–Pb–Ag–Au–Hg–As–Sb–Ba; and (3) a minor assemblage comprising chalcopyrite–pyrrhotite–pyrite stringers associated with pervasive chlorite alteration, which occurs mostly at the sulfide lens margins. Petrographic observations of preserved primary, zone refining, and metamorphic textures in combination with in situ geochemistry show that the pyrite–sphalerite assemblage formed at lower temperatures (< 270 °C) than the other two mineral assemblages (~ 270–350 °C), and that mineral chemistry in all mineral assemblages was affected by greenschist facies metamorphism, although the effects are limited to recrystallization, small-scale remobilization (< 1 m) and trace element redistribution.
Berufliche Gefährdungen schwangerer und stillender Ärztinnen und Präparatorinnen in der Rechtsmedizin
Authors: Schwarz Clara-Sophie , Kegel Peter , Küppers Lisa , Ritz-Timme Stefanie , Germerott Tanja , Walz Cleo
Published: October 2023

Hintergrund

Die Rechtsmedizin ist ein Fachgebiet, in dem schwangere und stillende Frauen bei der Ausübung der beruflichen Tätigkeit gegenüber biologischen, chemischen, physikalischen und psychomentalen Gefährdungen exponiert sein können. Die Erfahrung zeigt, dass eine Beurteilung dieser Gefährdungen häufig Schwierigkeiten bereitet und zudem keine einheitliche Handlungsempfehlung existiert. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit ist es, Gefährdungen Schwangerer und Stillender und ihrer Kinder in der forensischen Pathologie, der klinischen Rechtsmedizin und der experimentellen Forschung zu identifizieren und Empfehlungen zum Umgang mit diesen Gefährdungen auszuarbeiten.

Methoden

Die im Berufsalltag von rechtsmedizinisch tätigen Ärztinnen und Präparatorinnen vorkommenden mutterschutzrelevanten Gefährdungen wurden systematisch erfasst und mithilfe der verfügbaren wissenschaftlichen Literatur in einem interdisziplinären Team (Rechtsmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin) beurteilt.

Ergebnisse und Diskussion

Die Übertragung von bakteriellen und viralen Infektionen bei Obduktionen oder körperlichen Untersuchungen kann durch Abstand von Tätigkeiten mit Verletzungspotenzial sowie konsequente Schutzmaßnahmen vermieden werden. Unter Einhaltung des Arbeitsplatzgrenzwerts ist auch der Umgang mit formalinfixiertem Gewebe und ggf. bestimmten anderen Chemikalien grundsätzlich möglich. Das Bewegen schwerer Lasten (regelmäßig > 5 kg), bewegungsarmes langes Stehen (> 4 h täglich) sowie Nachtarbeit darf Schwangeren gemäß Mutterschutzgesetz nicht zugemutet werden.

Schlussfolgerung

Aufgrund der Vielfalt der Tätigkeiten und der möglichen Einwirkungen auf Schwangere/Stillende ist als Basis für die Verfügung von Schutzmaßnahmen bis hin zu einem möglicherweise erforderlichen Beschäftigungsverbot eine strukturierte allgemeine und individuelle Gefährdungsbeurteilung erforderlich. Generelle Tätigkeitsverbote wie ein Obduktions- oder Laborverbot oder ein pauschales Verbot körperlicher Untersuchungen lassen sich aus den gesetzlichen Vorgaben nicht ableiten.
Long-time asymptotics for coagulation equations with injection that do not have stationary solutions
Authors: Cristian Iulia , Ferreira Marina A. , Franco Eugenia , Velázquez Juan J. L.
Published: October 2023

In this paper we study a class of coagulation equations including a source term that injects in the system clusters of size of order one. The coagulation kernel is homogeneous, of homogeneity $$\gamma < 1$$

γ
<
1

, such that K(x, y) is approximately $$x^{\gamma + \lambda } y^{-\lambda }$$

x

γ
+
λ

y

-
λ

, when x is larger than y. We restrict the analysis to the case $$\gamma + 2 \lambda \ge 1 $$

γ
+
2
λ
≥
1

. In this range of exponents, the transport of mass toward infinity is driven by collisions between particles of different sizes. This is in contrast with the case considered in Ferreira et al. (Annales de l’Institut Henri Poincaré C, Analyse Non Linéaire, 2023), where $$\gamma + 2 \lambda <1$$

γ
+
2
λ
<
1

. In that case, the transport of mass toward infinity is due to the collision between particles of comparable sizes. In the case $$\gamma +2\lambda \ge 1$$

γ
+
2
λ
≥
1

, the interaction between particles of different sizes leads to an additional transport term in the coagulation equation that approximates the solution of the original coagulation equation with injection for large times. We prove the existence of a class of self-similar solutions for suitable choices of $$\gamma $$
γ
and $$\lambda $$
λ
for this class of coagulation equations with transport. We prove that for the complementary case such self-similar solutions do not exist.
The KIR2DL1 intermediate upstream element participates in gene activation
Authors: Wright Paul W. , Li Hongchuan , Rahman Md Ahasanur , Anderson Erik M. , Karwan Megan , Carrell Jeffrey , Anderson Stephen K.
Published: October 2023

The human KIR genes encode a family of class I MHC receptors that are expressed on subsets of NK cells. The expression of KIR proteins is controlled by a stochastic process, and competition between sense and antisense promoter elements has been suggested to program the variegated expression of these genes. Previous studies have demonstrated distinct roles of distal, intermediate, and proximal sense promoter/enhancer elements in gene activation and expression. Conversely, proximal and intronic antisense promoter transcripts have been associated with gene silencing at different stages of NK cell development. In the current study, we examine the effect of intermediate promoter deletion on KIR2DL1 expression in the YTS cell line. Homozygous deletion of the KIR2DL1 intermediate element did not affect proximal promoter activity but resulted in increased detection of upstream transcripts. No significant changes in alternative mRNA splicing or expression levels of KIR2DL1 protein were observed. However, intermediate element deletion was associated with a reduced frequency of gene activation by 5-azacytidine. Taken together, these results indicate that the intermediate element is not an enhancer required for KIR expression; however, it is required for the efficient activation of the gene.
A continuum model for brittle nanowires derived from an atomistic description by $$\Gamma $$-convergence
Authors: Schmidt Bernd , Zeman Jiří
Published: October 2023

Starting from a particle system with short-range interactions, we derive a continuum model for the bending, torsion, and brittle fracture of inextensible rods moving in three-dimensional space. As the number of particles tends to infinity, it is assumed that the rod’s thickness is of the same order as the interatomic distance. For this reason, discrete terms and energy contributions from the ultrathin rod’s lateral surface appear in the limiting functional. Fracture energy in the $$\Gamma $$
Γ
-limit is expressed by an implicit cell formula, which covers different modes of fracture, including (complete) cracks, folds, and torsional cracks. In special cases, the cell formula can be significantly simplified—we illustrate this by the example of a full crack and also show that the energy of a mere fold is strictly lower for a class of models. Our approach applies e.g. to atomistic systems with Lennard–Jones-type potentials and is motivated by the research of ceramic nanowires.
Long-term air temperature trends in North Cyprus
Authors: Bey Ergün , Türkeş Murat , Hamed Mohammed Magdy
Published: October 2023

The Eastern Mediterranean region is a major climate change hotspot. The island of Cyprus is likely to face increases in the frequency and intensity of hotter weather conditions and heatwaves in the near future. Studies conducted on the long-term temperature changes in Cyprus are very limited. Here, we present an updated and most detailed assessment of the maximum, minimum, mean and diurnal temperature series in North Cyprus for the period 1975–2021. Data obtained from the meterological stations of North Cyprus have been analysed using Mann–Kendal (MK) test and Theil–Sen slope estimator. Overall the mean minimum temperature trend (Tmin) showed the highest warming rate 0.61 (0.24 ≤ Tmin ≤ 0.99)°C decade−1 followed by the mean temperature trend (Tmean) 0.38 (0.29 ≤ Tmean ≤ 0.50) °C decade−1 and the mean maximum temperature trend (Tmax) 0.28 (0 ≤ Tmax ≤ 0.50) °C decade−1. The magnitude of the warming trend observed in the overall mean minimum temperature of North Cyprus 0.61 °C decade−1, is one of the fastest warming trends reported in the literature. A negative association was detected between the direction of prevailing winds of North Cyprus and the magnitude of increase in the mean temperature trends of the locations with coastal Mediterranean climate, which has pointed out the importance of prevailing winds regarding their cooling effect in coastal areas. The diurnal temperature range trend of North Cyprus indicates an apparent decrease (− 0.33 °C decade−1). The warming impact of urban heat island effect was detected in temperature trends of Nicosia in the Mesaoria plain. The information provided here is invaluable to consider in any climate assessment and adaptation plan in Cyprus. If the current warming trend persists into the future, it will devastatingly impact all sectors and natural systems in the region.
Agropastoralism and re-peasantisation: the importance of mobility and social networks in the páramos of Boyacá, Colombia
Authors: Chohan Jaskiran Kaur , Téllez Jeimy Lorena González , Eisler Mark C. , Escobar María Paula
Published: October 2023

The páramos of Boyacá in Colombia are earmarked for delimitation to prevent the expansion of the agricultural frontier and protect endemic flora that contribute to water provision for cities. A varied conservation toolbox will be used, including the creation of protected areas for re-wilding and the ‘sustainable’ transitioning of livelihoods identified as environmentally destructive. Agriculture and cattle livestock farming has been identified for transitioning. Despite the negative discourse related to livestock holding, this paper argues that small-scale agropastoralism contributes to re-peasantisation and provides the foundations for an agrobiodiverse conservation approach. Agropastoralism facilitates re-peasantisation through strong socio-economic networks, interconnected communities, the solidarity economy, and self-management of natural resources. Whilst, agropastoral mobility spatially binds social networks across large and disconnected spaces. Mobility is also fundamental to dynamic land access and pasture management, as it prevents over-grazing. This exemplifies how resilient socio-economic networks and mobile production strategies could be harnessed for agrobiodiversity, instead of land sparing and other sedentary ‘green’ economies. This paper makes conceptual contributions to ‘autonomy’ in re-peasantisation by empirically demonstrating the importance of mobile and flexible systems of production. It also makes a novel methodological contribution in applying a spatial lens that further unpacks how movement across the páramos facilitates autonomy and re-peasantisation. These themes are explored using interview data from 53 semi-structured interviews with key stakeholders and small-scale agropastoralists from across the páramos and field observation. The paper concludes by recommending a harnessing of agropastoral knowledge, to potentiate agrobiodiversity, for a more socio-ecologically just approach to farming and conservation in the páramos.