bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Antiochos of Ascalon
Authors: Verde Francesco
Published: June 2024

Antiochos of Ascalon was a philosopher who belonged to the school founded by Plato, the Academy, and lived in the first century
bce
. He is an extremely important thinker in the history of ancient Platonism because he was a pupil of Philon of Larissa, who belonged to the so‐called Skeptical Academy. Later he distanced himself from his teacher to establish an innovative form of dogmatic Platonism incorporating as much Stoicism as philosophy of Aristotle and (partially) of Theophrastus. For this reason, Antiochos’ thought has been called “syncretistic.”
Persian wars, memory of
Authors: Yates David
Published: June 2024

The Persian wars were among the most remembered events in the ancient world and formed an important component of Greek and later Roman collective memory. From the beginning of Persia's intervention in the Greek world to the end of antiquity, the Greeks and Romans produced numerous commemorations that incorporated some recollection of these events. These commemorations could vary considerably and were constantly evolving. The victorious Greek states and their self‐proclaimed successors supply the majority of the surviving examples. Much less can be said of the memories that emerged in the Persian Empire and among its defeated Greek allies.
Effect of Heterogeneous Deformation on Microstructure and Microtexture Evolution of Ti‐6Al‐4V Alloy during Multidirectional Isothermal Forging
Authors: Zhang Simo , Huang Wenhao , Yu Jiajun , Zhang Zhixiong , Zhang Juntao , Yuan Ruilin , Zhang Changjiang , Han Jianchao , Meng Jianan , Wang Tao
Published: June 2024

The heterogeneous deformation of Ti‐6Al‐4V alloy during multidirectional isothermal forging and its effect on microstructure, microtexture, and related mechanical properties are investigated here. It is found that lowering the deformation temperature, combined with increasing the number of forging times, accelerates the grain refinement and recrystallization process in the as‐received billet, especially in the surface section rather than the inner of the billet. Finally, a heterogeneous lamellar structure is formed after annealing the billet with a fourth step of forging. The heterogeneous lamella structure enables a better synergy of strength and ductility when compared to its equiaxed counterpart, achieving a high tensile strength of 1194 MPa and an elongation of 13.1%. During the deformation, a high proportion of back stress to total flow stress, ranging from 64–67%, denotes that back stress strengthening is one of the main reasons for the better synergy of strength and ductility. This study guides a low‐cost and convenient way for the regulation of microstructure and mechanical properties of titanium alloy with good performance.
Ultra Stable Ink with Promising Areal Capacitance as Advanced Micro‐Supercapacitor and Unique Metal Absorptivity Enabled by Surface Functionalization of Titanium Carbide (MXene)
Authors: Neiber Rana R. , Kumar Jai , Sharma Bharat Prasad , Ding Wei‐Lu , Lu Xingmei
Published: June 2024

2D Ti3C2Tx‐MXenes have gained attention as highly promising materials owing to their distinctive characteristics. Even so, the limited ionic kinetics and active site exposure of these materials are hindered by the significant degradation caused by oxidation, as well as the challenges in ink formulation processability and nanosheet restacking. Here, this study presents a single‐step and economical method to embellish cysteine onto titanium carbide (MX‐C) nanosheets. Cysteine is found to facilitate the tuning of the interlayer spacing in MXene nanosheets. The idea is then applied in the development of micro‐supercapacitors (MSCs) and the removal of toxic metal ions, specifically lead. In addition, the investigation reveals that MX‐C exhibits antioxidant behavior and possesses excellent qualities as inks. The MX‐C‐printed MSC exhibits ultra‐high areal capacitance (68 mF cm−2 ( = 5)) and power density (170.6 µW cm−2) compared to the reported printed MSC system. Similarly, the MX‐C facilitates a high capacity for selectively adsorbing lead while also exhibiting excellent performance in terms of adsorption–desorption. The adsorption‐induced effectiveness of cysteine is additionally validated by density functional theory simulations. The versatile approach emphasizes the potential of MX‐C inks with antioxidation properties for the invention of MSCs and metal uptake for printable electronics and clean water applications, respectively.
Progresses and Perspectives of 1D Soft Sensing Devices for Healthcare Applications
Authors: Kim Jinho , Kim Hwajoong , Lee Mugeun , Lee Junyeong , Lee Yukye , Kim Daehyeon , Lee Jaehong
Published: June 2024

Healthcare sensing devices enable continuous monitoring of diverse biosignals, such as respiration, heartbeat, temperature, inflammation, Electroencephalogram (EEG), and biomechanical movement, contributing to the management of health conditions and early diagnosis of diseases. However, clinically available tools have several limitations for real‐time measurement of biosignals in non‐hospital environments owing to their cumbersome, complex designs, and rigidity. To address these limitations, there has been a growing body of research that explores flexible and soft electronics for healthcare applications, which feature high mechanical compliance and adaptability. Especially, sensing devices based on fiber structures have attracted significant attention due to high flexibility, lightweight design, effective workspace and unique structural adaptability. Moreover, 1D sensing devices can be seamlessly integrated into garments and the human body with complex structures without any unconformity. In this perspective, The fabrication and electrical functionalization of fiber substrates and focus on recent advances in various fiber‐based sensing systems for strain, pressure, temperature, pH, biomarkers, and neural activity is explored. Additionally, biodegradable fiber‐based sensing devices as future healthcare technologies are briefly discussed. Finally, this article provides a summary and outlook on the remaining challenges for current fiber‐based sensing devices.
Interventional Removal of Travelling Microthrombi Using Targeted Magnetic Microbubble
Authors: Li Yongjian , Gao Zujie , Zheng Xiaobing , Pan Yunfan , Xu Jinlong , Li Yan , Chen Haosheng
Published: June 2024

Microthrombus is one of the major causes of the sequelae of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID‐19 and leads to subsequent embolism and necrosis. Due to their small size and irregular movements, the early detection and efficient removal of microthrombi in vivo remain a great challenge. In this work, an interventional method is developed to identify and remove the traveling microthrombi using targeted‐magnetic‐microbubbles (TMMBs) and an interventional magnetic catheter. The thrombus‐targeted drugs are coated on the TMMBs and magnetic nanoparticles are shelled inside, which allow not only targeted adhesion onto the traveling microthrombi, but also the effective capture by the magnetic catheter in the vessel. In the proof‐of‐concept experiments in the rat models, the concentration of microthrombus is reduced by more than 60% in 3 min, without damaging the organs. It is a promising method for treating microthrombus issues.
7D High‐Dynamic Spin‐Multiplexing
Authors: Qin Yue , Guo Hao , Pazos Sebastian , Xu Mengzhen , Yan Xiaobing , Qiao Jianzhong , Wang Jia , Zhou Peng , Chai Yang , Hu Weida , Zhu Zhengqiang , Li Zhonghao , Wen Huanfei , Ma Zongmin , Li Xin , Lanza Mario , Tang Jun , Tian He , Liu Jun
Published: June 2024

Multiplexing technology creates several orthogonal data channels and dimensions for high‐density information encoding and is irreplaceable in large‐capacity information storage, and communication, etc. The multiplexing dimensions are constructed by light attributes and spatial dimensions. However, limited by the degree of freedom of interaction between light and material structure parameters, the multiplexing dimension exploitation method is still confused. Herein, a 7D Spin‐multiplexing technique is proposed. Spin structures with four independent attributes (color center type, spin axis, spatial distribution, and dipole direction) are constructed as coding basic units. Based on the four independent spin physical effects, the corresponding photoluminescence wavelength, magnetic field, microwave, and polarization are created into four orthogonal multiplexing dimensions. Combined with the 3D of space, a 7D multiplexing method is established, which possesses the highest dimension number compared with 6 dimensions in the previous study. The basic spin unit is prepared by a self‐developed laser‐induced manufacturing process. The free state information of spin is read out by four physical quantities. Based on the multiple dimensions, the information is highly dynamically multiplexed to enhance information storage efficiency. Moreover, the high‐dynamic in situ image encryption/marking is demonstrated. It implies a new paradigm for ultra‐high‐capacity storage and real‐time encryption.
TMEM52B Isoforms P18 and P20 Differentially Promote the Oncogenesis and Metastasis of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
Authors: Zhu Yuqi , Lu Yanxin , Xu Chunhua , Huang Yuqian , Yu Ziyi , Wang Tongyu , Mao Longyi , Liao Ximian , Li Shi , Zhang Wanqing , Zhou Feng , Liu Kaiqing , Zhang Yu , Yang Wei , Min Shasha , Deng Yaqin , Wang Zaixing , Fan Xiaoqin , Nie Guohui , Xie Xina , Li Zesong
Published: June 2024

Transmembrane protein 52B (TMEM52B), a newly identified tumor‐related gene, has been reported to regulate various tumors, yet its role in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remains unclear. Transcriptomic analysis of NPC cell lines reveals frequent overexpression of TMEM52B, and immunohistochemical results show that TMEM52B is associated with advanced tumor stage, recurrence, and decreased survival time. Depleting TMEM52B inhibits the proliferation, migration, invasion, and oncogenesis of NPC cells in vivo. TMEM52B encodes two isoforms, TMEM52B‐P18 and TMEM52B‐P20, differing in their N‐terminals. While both isoforms exhibit similar pro‐oncogenic roles and contribute to drug resistance in NPC, TMEM52B‐P20 differentially promotes metastasis. This functional discrepancy may be attributed to their distinct subcellular localization; TMEM52B‐P18 is confined to the cytoplasm, while TMEM52B‐P20 is found both at the cell membrane and in the cytoplasm. Mechanistically, cytoplasmic TMEM52B enhances AKT phosphorylation by interacting with phosphoglycerate kinase 1 (PGK1), fostering NPC growth and metastasis. Meanwhile, membrane‐localized TMEM52B‐P20 promotes E‐cadherin ubiquitination and degradation by facilitating its interaction with the E3 ubiquitin ligase NEDD4, further driving NPC metastasis. In conclusion, the TMEM52B‐P18 and TMEM52B‐P20 isoforms promote the metastasis of NPC cells through different mechanisms. Drugs targeting these TMEM52B isoforms may offer therapeutic benefits to cancer patients with varying degrees of metastasis.
Field‐Effect Enhancement of Non‐Faradaic Processes at Interfaces Governs Electrocatalytic Water Splitting Activity
Authors: Wen Ning , Wang Haihua , Liu Qilu , Song Kepeng , Jiao Xiuling , Xia Yuguo , Chen Dairong
Published: June 2024

Recognizing the essential factor governing interfacial hydrogen/oxygen evolution reactions (HER/OER) is central to electrocatalytic water‐splitting. Traditional strategies aiming at enhancing electrocatalytic activities have mainly focused on manipulating active site valencies or coordination environments. Herein, the role of interfacial adsorption is probed and modulated by the topological construct of the electrocatalyst, a frequently underestimated non‐Faradaic mechanism in the dynamics of electrocatalysis. The engineered Co0.75Fe0.25P nanorods, anchored with FeOx clusters, manifest a marked amplification of the surface electric field, thus delivering a substantially improved bifunctional electrocatalytic performance. In alkaline water splitting anion exchange membrane (AEM) electrolyzer, the current density of 1.0 A cm−2 can be achieved at a cell voltage of only 1.73 V for the FeOx@Co0.75Fe0.25P|| FeOx@Co0.75Fe0.25P pairs for 120 h of continuous operation at 1.0 A cm−2. Detailed investigations of electronic structures, combined with valence state and coordination geometry assessments, reveal that the enhancement of catalytic behavior in FeOx@Co0.75Fe0.25P is chiefly attributed to the strengthened adsorptive interactions prompted by the intensified electric field at the surface. The congruent effects observed in FeOx‐cluster‐decorated Co0.75Fe0.25P nanosheets underscore the ubiquity of this effect. The results put forth a compelling proposition for leveraging interfacial charge densification via deliberate cluster supplementation.
Layered Cathode with Ultralow Strain Empowers Rapid‐Charging and Slow‐Discharging Capability in Sodium Ion Battery
Authors: Yang Maolin , Chen Ziwei , Huang Zhongyuan , Wang Rui , Ji Wenhai , Zhou Dong , Zeng Tao , Li Yongsheng , Wang Jun , Wang Liguang , Yang Tingting , Xiao Yinguo
Published: June 2024

The development of the electric vehicle industry has spurred demand for secondary batteries capable of rapid‐charging and slow‐discharging. Among them, sodium‐ion batteries (SIBs) with layered oxide as the cathode exhibit competitive advantages due to their comprehensive electrochemical performance. However, to meet the requirements of rapid‐charging and slow‐discharging scenarios, it is necessary to further enhance the rate performance of the cathode material to achieve symmetrical capacity at different rates. Simultaneously, minimizing lattice strain during asymmetric electrochemical processes is also significant in alleviating strain accumulation. In this study, the ordered distribution of transition metal layers and the diffusion pathway of sodium ions are optimized through targeted K‐doping of sodium layers, leading to a reduction of the diffusion barrier and endowment of prominent rate performance. At a 20C rate, the capacity of the cathode can reach 94% of that at a 0.1C rate. Additionally, the rivet effect of the sodium layers resulted in a global volume strain of only 0.03% for the modified cathode during charging at a 10C rate and discharging at a 1C rate. In summary, high‐performance SIBs, with promising prospects for rapid‐charging and slow‐discharging capability, are obtained through the regulation of sodium layers, opening up new avenues for commercial applications.
Enhancing maize (Zea mays L.) productivity through optimization of brewery sludge and blended NPS fertilizer in North Mecha District, Northwestern Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Fenta , Gebremedhin Zenebe , Alem Teferi , Mengist Yigrem , Tesfahun Jebesa Wakjira
Published: June 2024

Maize (Zea mays L.) is one of the most important cereal crops in Ethiopia. However, its yield is lower than its potential mainly due to low soil fertility problems caused by continuous cultivation, limited use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, erosion, and leaching. Therefore, this field experiment has been conducted to optimize brewery sludge and blended NPS fertilizer rates to harness the maximum productivity potential of maize in North Mecha District, northwestern Ethiopia. The experiment was designed in a factorial arrangement of three levels of brewery sludge (0, 10, and 20 t ha−1) and four levels of blended NPS fertilizer (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha−1) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The analysis of variance showed that the main effects of the blended NPS fertilizer had significant effects on the ear length, number of kernels per row, stover yield, and 1000‐kernel weight. Their interactions also had a significant effect on leaf area, leaf area index, aboveground dry biomass yield, grain yield, plant height, number of ears per plant, number of rows per ear, number of kernels per row, number of kernels per ear, and harvest index. Accordingly, the combined application of 10 t ha−1 brewery sludge and 100 kg ha−1 blended NPS fertilizer resulted in the highest grain yield (9163.4 kg ha−1), net benefit (145,590.1 ETB [Ethiopian Birr] ha−1), and marginal rate of return (3789.30%) of maize. Thus, this treatment can be tentatively recommended for the North Mecha district.
Atomic size mismatch induced consecutive compressive strain on intermetallic compound towards boosted hydrogen evolution
Authors: Li Jiankun , Guan Zeyu , Wu Haoran , Wang Yixing , Lei Linfeng , Zhu Minghui , Zhuang Linzhou , Xu Zhi
Published: June 2024

Modulating lattice strain in intermetallic compounds could effectively alter their electronic structure and binding energy, thus impacting catalytic activity. Strain is usually induced through lattice mismatch, achieved by constructing core‐shell nanostructures or metal‐substrate interfaces with complex reciprocity and distractors. However, in situ induced strain without interface‐construction or lattice mismatch presents challenges. In this study, we precisely manipulate consecutive compressive strain from −0.5% to −0.8% in CoPt3Pd intermetallic compound by inducing interior atomic radius mismatch. Precise strain control results in a negative shift of d‐band center, dynamic charge distribution, and facilitates water dissociation, leading to enhanced electrocatalytic activity. The CoPt3Pd catalyst with −0.5% compressive strain exhibits exceptional hydrogen evolution activity, with an overpotential of 169 mV at 1 A cm−2. Our approach offers a straightforward method to manipulate compressive strain on intermetallic compounds by atomic size mismatch, with broad implications for catalytic processes.
Picotaur: A 15 mg Hexapedal Robot with Electrostatically Driven, 3D‐Printed Legs
Authors: Kim Sukjun , Johnson Aaron M. , Bergbreiter Sarah
Published: June 2024

Dynamic and agile locomotion in legged robots enables them to overcome obstacles and navigate complex and unstructured terrain. However, the leg mechanisms and actuators needed for versatile locomotion are much more challenging to manufacture and integrate in sub‐gram scale robots. Herein, Picotaur, a 15.4 mg hexapedal robot with legs that enable various locomotion tasks such as turning, climbing 3D‐printed stairs, and pushing loads for the first time at these size scales, is presented. 3D printing with two‐photon polymerization enables the manufacture of electrostatically driven 2 degrees of freedom legs on a robot body made from a flexible printed circuit board. Based on simple control inputs, Picotaur can achieve alternating tripod gaits, reaching speeds up to 57 mm (7.2 body lengths) per second, as well as pronking gaits to tackle a wider variety of terrain. This approach to manufacturing and controlling legged robots at smaller scales provides a path forward toward robots that can be used for practical applications ranging from inspection to exploration and rival the performance of insects at similar size scales.
A Perspective on Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods: SHAP and LIME
Authors: Salih Ahmed M. , Raisi‐Estabragh Zahra , Galazzo Ilaria Boscolo , Radeva Petia , Petersen Steffen E. , Lekadir Karim , Menegaz Gloria
Published: June 2024

eXplainable artificial intelligence (XAI) methods have emerged to convert the black box of machine learning (ML) models into a more digestible form. These methods help to communicate how the model works with the aim of making ML models more transparent and increasing the trust of end‐users in their output. SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) and Local Interpretable Model Agnostic Explanation (LIME) are two widely used XAI methods, particularly with tabular data. In this perspective piece, the way the explainability metrics of these two methods are generated is discussed and a framework for the interpretation of their outputs, highlighting their weaknesses and strengths is proposed. Specifically, their outcomes in terms of model‐dependency and in the presence of collinearity among the features, relying on a case study from the biomedical domain (classification of individuals with or without myocardial infarction) are discussed. The results indicate that SHAP and LIME are highly affected by the adopted ML model and feature collinearity, raising a note of caution on their usage and interpretation.
ZnO Nanorod: An Efficient Reusable Catalyst for One‐pot Multicomponent C−C Bond Formation Reactions Involving Isatins
Authors: Gotgi Nandini M , Jaman Singh Rajkumar , Kanti Giri Arnab , Baran Panda Asit , Ghosh Debashis
Published: June 2024

In the present study we have disclosed here that ZnO nanorod (ZnO‐NR) can effectively be used as a catalyst for various C−C bond formation reactions, i. e. allylation, as well as one‐pot three components conjugate addition and Knoevenagel‐allylation of isatins. The corresponding products were obtained with good to excellent yields under solvent‐free conditions in most cases at RT. The catalyst was successfully recycled for up to five cycles for allylation reaction and one pot three components Knoevenagel‐allylation reaction of isatin. X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to characterize the structure and morphology of the catalyst.
Pd‐Monothiosquaramides: Efficient Catalysts for the Enantioselective Imine Reduction of Dihydro‐β‐Carbolines
Authors: Reis Francisco A. A. , Sathish Manda , Villaseñor Jorge , Nachtigall Fabiane M. , Santos Leonardo S.
Published: June 2024

An efficient enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydro‐β‐carbolines (THBCs) using chiral metal‐monothiosquaramides (M–MTSQs) was planned. The in situ generated Pd/Fe‐monothiosquaramides (Pd/Fe‐MTSQs) catalysed imine reduction of dihydro‐β‐carbolines exceptionally to afford chiral THBCs with an excellent enantiomeric excess (up to 98% ee). In a catalysis study, Pd‐MTSQ 12 a (10 mol%) was found to be more efficient than Pd‐MTSQ 12 b and Fe‐MTSQs (13 a and 13 b) for enantioselective imine reduction of DHBCs 14 a–e. All the major chiral alkyl‐THBC isomers 15 a–c (90% ee, 98% ee and 95% ee, respectively) were observed with R configuration which was explained by Si face hydride attack on alkyl DHBC imines (14 a–c). Surprisingly, S configuration was perceived for the major isomers of chiral aryl‐THBCs 15 d and 15 e (95% ee and 96% ee, respectively) which was rationalized by Re face hydride attack on aryl DHBC imines (14 d and 14 e).
PKCδ serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: Du Ying , Guo Tiantian , Hao Yunfeng , Li Chuan , Tang Linghui , Li Xia , Zhang Xiaoxiao , Li Lin , Yao Dan , Xu Xia , Si Huaxing , Zhang Jinghan , Zhao Nana , Yu Tong , Zhao Yingjun , Zhang Wei , Xu Huaxi
Published: June 2024

INTRODUCTION

To investigate the role of a novel type of protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) in the neuroinflammation of Alzheimer's disease (AD).

METHODS

We analyzed PKCδ and inflammatory cytokines levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of AD and normal controls, as well as their correlations. The cellular expression pattern of PKCδ and the effects of PKCδ modulation on microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation were evaluated by quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction (qRT‐PCR), western blot, RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq), and immunofluorescence staining.

RESULTS

PKCδ levels were increased dramatically in the CSF of AD patients and positively correlated with cytokines. PKCδ is expressed mainly in microglia in the brain. Amyloid beta (Aβ) stimulation increased PKCδ expression and secretion, which led to upregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway and overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines. Downregulation or inhibition of PKCδ attenuated Aβ‐induced microglial responses and improved cognitive function in an AD mouse model.

DISCUSSION

Our study identifies PKCδ as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in AD.

Highlights

Protein kinase C delta (PKCδ) levels increase in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and positively correlate with elevated inflammatory cytokines in human subjects.

PKCδ is expressed mainly in microglia in vivo, whereas amyloid beta (Aβ) stimulation increases PKCδ expression and secretion, causing upregulation of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF‐κB) pathway and production of inflammatory cytokines.

Downregulation or inhibition of PKCδ attenuates Aβ‐enhanced NF‐κB signaling and cytokine production in microglia and improves cognitive function in AD mice.

PKCδ serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target for microglia‐mediated neuroinflammation in AD.
Single‐step preparation of intrinsic solid–solid phase change materials with excellent anti‐leakage and form‐stable performance
Authors: Xiao Changren , Yin Xinpeng , Chen Jiaqi , Wang Yanshuo , Liao Wenming , Zhang Jiangyun , Jiang Wenzhao , Tu Chaoqun
Published: June 2024

Phase change materials (PCM) often encounter severe problems of leakage and shape collapse concerns. Chemical modification methods, utilizing chemical bonds to bind phase change molecular chains, have the potential to address the above‐mentioned problems radically. However, this approach often entails the use of expensive raw materials and complex processes. Therefore, a simple one‐pot preparation method had been reported using earth‐abundant and inexpensive octadecyl methacrylate (OMA) and 1,6‐hexanediol diacrylate (HD) as raw materials to prepare PCM with a molecular structure of cross‐linked polymer main chains and phase change side chains through free radical polymerization. Owing to the three‐dimensional polymer main chain structure, it exhibited excellent leakage‐proof performance, maintaining its form‐stable nature at 70°C with no obvious leakage observed during the phase change process, confirming it to be an excellent intrinsic solid–solid PCM (SSPCM). Additionally, the introduction of the cross linking segment significantly improves its thermal stability, and the 50% degradation temperature increased significantly from 228.8 to 355.9°C. Moreover, the latent heat increased with the decrease of the crosslinking density until the molar ratio of HD/OMA was reduced to 1/40 and then tended to reach constant. At the optimal ratio the latent heat of SSPCM can reach 88.23 J g−1. Excessive crosslinking density will affect the stacking tightness of molecular chains during the crystallization process, thereby reducing the latent heat.
Enhancing DSSCs and Photocatalytic Hydrogen Production with D‐A1‐A2‐π‐A Sensitizers Containing 10′H‐Spiro [Fluorene‐9,9′‐Phenanthren]‐10′‐one and Benzo[c][1,2,5]Thiadiazole
Authors: Li Hsin , Shen Xiao‐Feng , Lin Ying‐Sheng , Lin Yu Hsuan , Hung Yu‐Tong , Chen Nai‐Hwa , Watanabe Motonori , Chang Yuan Jay
Published: June 2024

Novel D‐A1‐A2‐π‐A organic sensitizers (FZ‐sensitizer), utilizing spiro [fluorene‐9,9′‐phenanthren]‐10′‐one and benzo [c][1,2,5]thiadiazole moiety as two auxiliary acceptors, are synthesized and applied in dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) and hydrogen production. By incorporating a bulky spiro [fluorene‐9,9′‐phenanthrene]‐10′‐one (A1) and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole (A2) between the donor (D) and π‐bridge moiety, structural modifications inhibit molecular aggregation, while the carbonyl group enhances the capture of Li+ ions, thereby delaying charge recombination. Furthermore, the extended π‐conjugation broadens the light absorption range and enhances the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of FZ‐2 under AM1.5 conditions, achieving up to 5.72%. Co‐sensitization with N719 and FZ‐2 shows PCE of 9.60% under one sun. Under TL84 indoor light conditions, the efficiency is 29.69% at 2500 lux. The superior co‐sensitization performance of N719 and FZ‐2 can be attributed to FZ‐2′s high absorptivity at short wavelengths, compensating for N719′s shortcomings in this range. FZ‐sensitizers also exhibit high efficiency in photocatalytic hydrogen production. The hydrogen production activities of FZ‐2 are 9190 μmol/g (1 hour) and 76582 μmol/g (12 hours) respectively, while those of FZ‐1 are 7430 μmol/g (1 hour) and 64004 μmol/g (12 hours), indicating that FZ‐2 can inject charges into TiO2 more efficiently and utilize them for water splitting. Stability testing of photocatalytic water splitting after 12 hours shows a turnover number (TON) of 4249 for FZ‐1 and 5378 for FZ‐2.
Ion‐Pairing: A Bygone Treatment of Electrolyte Solutions?
Authors: Colbin Lars Olow Simon , Shao Yunqi , Younesi Reza
Published: June 2024

The field of battery research has advanced significantly in the past 50 years. Despite the importance of electrolyte solutions for these devices, the battery community's perception of this essential component arguably aligns more with the 19th century reasoning than the 20th centuries advancements. This paper traces the historical evolution of electrolyte theories, emphasizing the consequences of an overly ion‐pairing‐centric view, and the benefits of a more nuanced analysis. A quantitative example is provided. It will be shown that an association constant of
can be obtained from conductivity measurements of sodium acetate in water. However, studying the activity coefficients of this electrolyte reveals that this association constant would result in an unreasonable scenario where the free ions behave as uncharged particles at low concentrations. The aim is to promote a nuanced perspective on electrolyte solutions within the battery community, while also providing a collection of reputable references for the interested readers further studies.
Combination of Callyspongia sp. and Stem Cells for Wound Repair and Skin Regeneration: in Vivo and in Silico Evidences
Authors: Maher Zahran Eman , Abdelwahab Miada F. , Mohyeldin Reham H. , Tammam Omar Y. , Abdel‐Maqsoud Nehad M. Reda , Altemani Faisal H. , Algehainy Naseh A. , Alanazi Mohammed A. , Jalal Mohammed M. , Elrehany Mahmoud A. , Bringmann Gerhard , Ramadan Abdelmohsen Usama
Published: June 2024

Delayed healing of chronic wounds results in amputation and mortality rates in serious cases. The present study examines the merged wound‐restorative efficacy of injectable bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) and topical Callyspongia sp. extract in immunocompromised rats. HR‐LC–MS analysis of Callyspongia sp. extract tentatively identified twenty‐nine compounds (1–29) and highlighted its richness in fatty acids and terpenoids, known for their wound regenerating efficacies. The wound closure was greatly prominent in the BMMSCs/Callyspongia sp. group in contrast to the control group (p<0.001). The RT‐PCR gene expression emphasized these results by attenuating the oxidative, inflammatory, and immunity markers, further confirmed by histopathological findings. Additionally, in silico modeling was particularly targeting matrix metalloproteinase‐9 (MMP9), a key player in wound healing processes. Computational analysis revealed that compounds 18 and 19 potentially modulate MMP9 activity. The combination of BMMSCs and topical Callyspongia sp. extract holds a promise for regenerative therapy constituting a drastic advance in the wound cure of immunocompromised patients, eventually further safety assessments and clinical trials are required.
Gas Evolution in Li‐Ion Rechargeable Batteries: A Review on Operando Sensing Technologies, Gassing Mechanisms, and Emerging Trends
Authors: Zheng Tianye , Muneeswara Madithedu , Bao Haihong , Huang Jiaqiang , Zhang Leiting , Hall David S. , Boles Steven T. , Jin Wei
Published: June 2024

Gas evolution is fundamentally problematic in rechargeable batteries, and may lead to swelling, smoking, and device‐level failure. In laboratories, monitoring gas evolution can help understand dynamic chemical events inside battery cells, such as the formation of solid‐electrolyte interphases, structural change of electrodes, and electrolyte degradation reactions. However, gassing in commercial batteries, discrete or continuous, is not monitored due to a lack of compatible sensing technologies. Here we describe the working principles of four real‐time gas monitoring technologies for lithium‐ion batteries. Gassing mechanisms and reaction pathways of five major gaseous species, namely H2, C2H4, CO, CO2, and O2, are comprehensively summarized. Since pertinent progress has been made on the optical fiber‐based sensing of strain, pressure, and temperature of various battery cells recently, special emphasis has been given to fiber‐based laser spectroscopy for gas detection. The technical details of the fiber‐enhanced photothermal spectroscopy are compared with the four gas sensing technologies, and the commercialization possibilities are discussed. Owing to its small size, flexibility, and robustness, fiber‐based sensing technology can be compatible with almost all kinds of battery cells, showcasing their great potential in various applications. It is envisioned that gas‐event monitoring of rechargeable cells can be unlocked soon by utilizing fiber‐based gas spectroscopy.
A scoping review: Screening questionnaires for identifying tanning addiction
Authors: Meisenheimer John , Sobotka Michelle , Yang Ronald , Dellavalle Robert P.
Published: June 2024

Introduction

There is a growing body of evidence that ultraviolet (UV) tanning, whether practiced in indoor tanning salons or outdoors in the sun, is not only linked to detrimental health outcomes but is also addictive through both psychological and physiological mechanisms. In clinical practice, it can be challenging to determine which patients will continue tanning despite being at high risk for developing skin cancer. Our study seeks to identify all available screening questionnaires for tanning addiction that could be used in clinical practice and report on published measures of validity for each screening questionnaire.

Methods

An exhaustive literature search of EMBASE, PubMed, PsycINFO, and Scopus was performed using search criteria including the concepts “UV” and “Addiction.” The most recent search was performed in March 2024 and included all articles from database inception to the time of the search. Studies were included if they reported on screening questionnaires for UV addiction. Articles were excluded from the study if they did not report primary data or did not report on measures of questionnaire validity. Methodology was created using best practices for scoping reviews.

Results

After identifying 171 articles, 106 articles underwent full‐text review, and 26 were included in data extraction. We identified nine questionnaires for tanning addiction, with the modified Cut‐down, Annoyed, Guilty, Eye‐opener (mCAGE), and modified Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (mDSM) being most frequently reported on, and the Behavioral Addiction Indoor Tanning Screener (BAITS) being the most promising for future use.

Conclusions

This information should be used to choose questionnaires to be studied against a “gold‐standard” of a panel of psychologists. After defining accuracy of diagnostic tests, studies can be designed to examine interventions for treating tanning addiction, so at‐risk patients can receive specialized therapy, reducing the overall burden of skin cancers.
Informing the Recommended Phase III Dose of Alnuctamab, a CD3 × BCMA T‐Cell Engager, Using Population Pharmacokinetics and Exposure–Response Analysis
Authors: Kiesel Brian , Osawa Mayu , Masilamani Madhan , Bar Merav , Hsu Kevin , Godwin Colin , Burgess Michael , Lamba Manisha , Gaudy Allison
Published: June 2024

Alnuctamab, a B‐cell maturation antigen (BCMA)‐targeting T‐cell engager, has demonstrated encouraging antitumor activity in the phase I study CC‐93269‐MM‐001 treating patients with relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma. Identification of a recommended Phase III dose (RP3D) was a key objective, as such population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) and exposure–response analysis was critical. Intravenous (IV) alnuctamab was administered in fixed doses (0.15–10 mg) or in step‐up doses to a maximum 10‐mg target dose. Subcutaneous (SC) step‐up doses of 3 and 6 mg were followed by a target dose range of 10–60 mg. Concentration data from IV and SC alnuctamab administration was pooled and was well described by a two‐compartment PopPK model with first‐order absorption and elimination. Covariate analysis determined that the inclusion of baseline soluble BCMA (sBCMA) on clearance significantly improved model fitting. Individual exposure parameters were estimated from the final model to characterize exposure–response relationships. Switching from IV to SC administration improved the safety profile of alnuctamab by limiting the frequency of grade ≥2 CRS events. A significant exposure–CRS relationship was observed after the first SC dose, but not subsequent dose administrations. Exposure–safety analysis did not find a statistically significant relationship between increasing exposure and the probability of key safety events of interest. Logistic regression analysis for patients administered SC alnuctamab identified that increased exposure significantly increased the probability of response, although the additional benefit was minimal at exposures above 30 mg target dose. Considering the totality of exposure–response data, the clinical pharmacology assessment supported a SC RP3D of 3/6/30 mg.
Women's multi‐faceted roles in peacebuilding initiatives: Insights from pastoral communities in west Pokot County, Kenya
Authors: Kong'ani Lilian Namuma S.
Published: June 2024

Women are central custodians of their families. Women constitute at least half of the population in most countries worldwide, yet their role in peacebuilding is often undermined, especially among the pastoral communities where patriarchal structures dominate. Women are increasingly being acknowledged as dual agents of conflicts and peace but the dearth of knowledge on their contribution in peacebuilding would jeopardize policy interventions around women, security, and peace. This article leveraged qualitative research design. Data was collected through semi‐structured and key informant interviews, focus groups, and case narrations, with women in West Pokot County, Kenya, who had been actively involved in peacebuilding activities to unveil their roles in peacebuilding in this conflict‐stricken region. Participant observation and archival data were also employed in the study. Thematic content analysis denoted an inhospitable region with elusive socio‐economic progress occasioned by protracted intra‐ and intercommunity conflicts driving women's fight for peace. From developing early warning systems and leveraging their matriarchal influence, social networks, religious spaces, and integration of cultural perspectives in peacemaking, Pokot women deterred warriors from cattle rustling promoting peace in the region. The transformative peacebuilding efforts of Pokot women advocate for a paradigm shift in global conflict resolution strategies emphasizing inclusion, adaptability and sustainability.
Updates on germline predisposition in pediatric hematologic malignancies: What is the role of flow cytometry?
Authors: Demko Nadine , Geyer Julia T.
Published: June 2024

Hematologic neoplasms with germline predisposition have been increasingly recognized as a distinct category of tumors over the last few years. As such, this category was added to the World Health Organization (WHO) 4th edition as well as maintained in the WHO 5th edition and International Consensus Classification (ICC) 2022 classification systems. In practice, these tumors require a high index of suspicion and confirmation by molecular testing. Flow cytometry is a cost‐effective diagnostic tool that is routinely performed on peripheral blood and bone marrow samples. In this review, we sought to summarize the current body of research correlating flow cytometric immunophenotype to assess its utility in diagnosis of and clinical decision making in germline hematologic neoplasms. We also illustrate these findings using cases mostly from our own institution. We review some of the more commonly mutated genes, including CEBPA, DDX41, RUNX1, ANKRD26, GATA2, Fanconi anemia, Noonan syndrome, and Down syndrome. We highlight that flow cytometry may have a role in the diagnosis (GATA2, Down syndrome) and screening (CEBPA) of some germline predisposition syndromes, although appears to show nonspecific findings in others (DDX41, RUNX1). In many of the others, such as ANKRD26, Fanconi anemia, and Noonan syndrome, further studies are needed to better understand whether specific flow cytometric patterns are observed. Ultimately, we conclude that further studies such as large case series and organized data pipelines are needed in most germline settings to better understand the flow cytometric immunophenotype of these neoplasms.
Machine learning deployment for energy monitoring of Internet of Things nodes in smart agriculture
Authors: John Shemin T. , Sarkar Pradip , Davis Robin
Published: June 2024

Low‐Power Wide‐Area Network technologies, such as LoRa, are gaining popularity in the agricultural sector for field deployment. The crucial factors in these devices are their range and power efficiency. The energy consumption of a LoRa wireless sensor network is predominantly affected by transmission parameters like carrier frequency, bandwidth, transmit power, spreading factor, and coding rate. Incorrect chosen transmission parameters can lead to a reduction in the battery life of end nodes, requiring frequent battery replacements—a situation undesirable for field deployment. This study introduces a machine learning deployment in the form of a web application designed to monitor the energy consumption of end nodes in LoRa wireless sensor networks. The research initially employs 12 regression models, including Linear, Random Forest, K‐Nearest Neighbours, Decision Tree, Support Vector, Lasso, Ridge, AdaBoost, Gradient Boost, XGBoost, CatBoost, and LightGBM models. The findings of the study reveal that the LightGBM model surpasses other models in accurately predicting the energy consumption of Internet of Things (IoT) nodes, leading to its selection for the web application. This machine learning web application can be implemented in a programmable Long Range Wide Area Network (LoRaWAN) gateway to effectively monitor the energy consumption of IoT end nodes in the agricultural sector.
Study on the coupling effects between reactor coolant system and the internal structure on floor response spectrum of small modular reactor
Authors: Wu Xiting , Sun Xiaoying
Published: June 2024

According to Chinese code and US standard review plan (US SRP), when the equipment and structure satisfy certain decoupling conditions, the seismic analysis of the structure is performed using a decoupling method, where only the mass of the equipment is considered in the structure. The reactor coolant system of small modular reactor (SMR) which is integrated is different from that of PWR, and it is more likely to affect the seismic response of the supporting structure. In this paper, a decoupling model was first constructed based on the decoupling principles in the code. Then, a coupled model is built by connecting the main loop system model with the structure. The floor response spectra of the decoupling model and the coupled model are analyzed separately using ACS SASSI software to investigate the coupling effect. By the comparison of the results, the preliminary conclusions are drawn as follows: the decoupling criteria in code are met for the internal structure and reactor coolant system. For hard rock site, the coupling effect has negligible influence on the in‐structure response spectra (ISRS) for most of the structure except the reactor pit, which shows obvious change in the high‐frequency region. For soft soil site, there is no remarkable influence on the ISRS of the structure even for the reactor pit due to the filter effect of the site to the high‐frequency component in the seismic input. For the site with shear wave velocity greater than 1100 m/s, the influence of couple effect cannot be ignored.
In situ epoxidation of oleic acid with applied natural zeolite as a catalyst
Authors: Azmi Intan Suhada , Adnan Siti Aisyah , Masri Asiah Nusaibah , Nurherdiana Silvana Dwi , Abdullah Siti Nadia , Jalil Mohd Jumain
Published: June 2024

In recent years, there has been a growing demand for environmentally friendly epoxides made from vegetable oils. Therefore, the use of materials from renewable resources, was implemented in this study with natural zeolite as a catalyst being chosen over synthetic zeolite because synthetic zeolite mostly consists of strong corrosive materials. The aims of this research to determine the effect of catalyst concentration on the relative conversion of oxirane (RCO). RCO was the highest at 30 min of the reaction for sunflower oil, being 72% at 80°C using a 0.25 g concentration of catalyst. Meanwhile, for palm oil, the highest RCO was only 52% at 80°C. Lastly, MATLAB software was used to develop a mathematical model for determination rate constant. In this model, the Runge–Kutta method of the fourth order was combined with genetic algorithm optimization to for development of kinetic model that best fitted with the experimental data.
Shake table tests of steel moment resisting frame with self‐centering SMA‐based isolators
Authors: Huang Jiahao , Zhu Songye , Wang Bin , Chen Zhi‐peng
Published: June 2024

This paper investigates a steel moment resisting frame (MRF) with a novel type of self‐centering (SC) base isolators, wherein superelastic shape memory alloy (SMA) U‐shaped dampers (SMAUDs) work as core components. A two‐story steel MRF model equipped with two SMAUD‐based isolators was designed and built in the laboratory, and a series of shake table tests were conducted to examine the dynamic behavior and seismic performance of the frame. Throughout all the tests, no interventions, such as repair or replacement of frame or isolator members, were done. Shake table test results demonstrated that the SMAUD‐based isolators could withstand multiple strong earthquakes with stable SC behavior. The utilization of SMAUD‐based isolators provided effective protection for the frame, enabling it to restore its original position with minimal structural damage. A numerical model of the tested steel MRF with SMAUD‐based isolators was also built. The results obtained from the numerical analyses agreed with those of the shake table tests satisfactorily. A comparative study of the seismic performance between the MRF with SMAUD‐based isolators and the MRF with traditional steel U‐shaped damper‐based isolators was also conducted in the shake table tests. The results showed that SMAUD‐based isolators not only inherit the isolation function of conventional isolators to protect the frame but also possess an SC ability to eliminate residual isolator deformation effectively. Moreover, SMAUD‐based isolators demonstrate remarkable resilience to withstand multiple strong seismic events without any need for repair or replacement.
Social cognition and bulimic symptoms in male undergraduate students: The conditional effect of emotion dysregulation
Authors: Kwan Mun Yee , Dodd Dorian
Published: June 2024

Objective

Research demonstrates associations between poor social cognition and eating disorder (ED) pathology. Moreover, research shows that individuals with EDs struggle with emotion regulation. The present study replicates and extends the literature on social cognition and ED pathology, which previously focused largely on symptoms of anorexia nervosa among women while the present study focuses on symptoms of bulimia nervosa among undergraduate men. Further, this study tests the hypothesis that better emotion regulation mitigates the association between social cognition and ED pathology.

Methods

At a single timepoint, undergraduate males (n = 520) completed a series of questionnaires, and a task assessing mentalising, a key element of social cognition.

Results

Consistent with hypotheses, bulimic symptoms were associated with worse mentalising and worse self‐reported emotion regulation. Moreover, the association between mentalising and bulimic symptomatology was conditional on emotion regulation, such that it was strongest among those with more difficulties regulating their emotions.

Conclusion

Results are consistent with existing theories that highlight an interplay between interpersonal (e.g., mentalisation) and intrapersonal (e.g., affective functioning) factors in relation to ED symptomatology. Among undergraduate males, bulimic symptoms were associated with worse mentalisation. However, a good ability to regulate emotions interrupted this association.