bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Study on the Growth Conditions Role in Defining InGaAs Epitaxial Layer Quality
Authors: Demir Meryem , Elagöz Sezai
Published: June 2024

This study delves into the epitaxial growth and characterization of InxGa1-xAs layers on InP substrate, a critical area in the development of high-performance III-V semiconductor devices. InxGa1-xAs is renowned for its superior electron mobility and broad spectral response, making it indispensable in applications ranging from photodetectors to quantum cascade lasers. Employing a horizontal flow reactor MOVPE (metal-organic vapor phase epitaxy) technique, we meticulously grew n-InxGa1-xAs epilayers under varying conditions to investigate the impact of indium content, growth temperature, and V/III ratio on the material's structural, optical, and electrical properties. HRXRD (High-resolution X-ray diffraction) and Hall-effect measurements provided insights into the correlation between growth parameters and epitaxial layer quality, including dislocation density and carrier mobility. Our findings highlight the delicate balance required in the growth process to optimize the InxGa1-xAs /InP structure's performance for advanced semiconductor applications. The research underscores the potential of tailored InxGa1-xAs layers to push the boundaries of current photonics and optoelectronics technologies, emphasizing the importance of growth condition optimization for enhancing device efficiency and thermal stability.
Multispectral Imaging and Single-Cell Analysis with Genetically Encoded Biosensors Unveil Complex Interactions between Extracellular ATP and Intracellular Calcium
Authors: Eroğlu Emrah
Published: June 2024

The dynamic interplay between extracellular ATP (eATP) and intracellular calcium ([Ca2+]i) serves as a pivotal signaling axis in cellular physiology, influencing a myriad of cellular processes. Traditionally recognized as an energy currency within the cell, ATP has emerged as a multifunctional signaling molecule that orchestrates diverse cellular responses through activation of purinergic receptors. The complex link between ATP signaling and calcium dynamics plays a central role in cellular communication and homeostasis. Advancements in imaging technologies such as development of genetically encoded biosensors have revolutionized the study of cellular signaling dynamics, enabling visualization of the spatiotemporal aspects of eATP and [Ca2+]i in real-time. The convergence of eATP signaling and [Ca2+]i dynamics serves as a central hub in cellular communication. In this study, utilizing bicistronic construct biosensors for multispectral imaging of [Ca2+]i responses to eATP, we show that distinct concentrations of eATP administration reveal complex intracellular [Ca2+]i responses, potentially attributed to receptor desensitization. Single-cell co-imaging uncovers [Ca2+]i heterogeneity, emphasizing the significance of individual cell dynamics in eATP-induced calcium signaling. Therefore, this study sheds light on the intricacies of eATP-induced calcium signaling, providing insights valuable for basic research and therapeutic applications.
Методы и приемы дизайн-мышления при проектировании в графическом дизайне
Authors: Вартанова Людмила Карловна
Published: June 2024

Статья рассматривает применение различных методов и приемов генерации идей в творческом дизайн-мышлении, а также инструменты, способствующие развитию латерального мышления. Автор анализирует способы определения и разрешения проблем в процессе проектирования и реализации проекта в графическом дизайне.
Эргономика как научно-практическая дисциплина в подготовке современного специалиста дизайнерского образования
Authors: Абакумов Лев Иванович
Published: June 2024

В статье рассматривается роль эргономики как основы профессии дизайнера, а также представлен исторический путь развития эргономики от древних цивилизаций до современности.
Елизавета Тюдор как Парис: что выбирает королева?
Authors: Симакина Марина Анатольевна
Published: June 2024

В ряду сохранившихся до нашего времени портретов Елизаветы Тюдор существенное место занимают портреты аллегорические. Наполненные символикой портретные образы Елизаветы I вызывают постоянный интерес исследователей и являются основой для новых научных публикаций. В данной работе в фокусе нашего внимания находится мало известная в России картина «Елизавета I и три богини» (“Elizabeth I and the Three Goddesses”), созданная в 1569 г. и подписанная монограммистом H. E.
Development of Agrowaste and Cellulose-based Composite Filters and Their Application in Fast Removal of Metallic Cations from Water
Authors: Costa Pedro Eduardo , De Souza Altamiro Xavier , De Carvalho Gabriel Badagnani , Pasquini Daniel , Firmino de Oliveira Marcelo , Marcio de Faria Anízio , Neri Cláudio Roberto , De Morais Luis Carlos
Published: June 2024

Low-cost lignocellulosic filters were made from soybean hulls (SH), sugarcane bagasse fibers (SBF), cellulose nanofibers (CNF), and Kraft-bleached pulp (BP) as renewable feedstocks and applied in Cu (II) and Cd (II) removal from aqueous medium. Filtration was performed with a vacuum pump; filtration times ranged from 3 to 1200 seconds. For the same filter, the best permeate flow was 13,333 L.h.m-2 for both cations. The best Cd (II) removal (77.2 %) was achieved within 7 seconds at a permeate flow of 5,714 L.h.m-2. The same filter was also the best at removing Cu (II) (46.5 %), which was achieved within 7 seconds at a permeate flow of 5,714 L.h.m-2, as well. This short time evidenced that a long contact time is not needed to achieve higher removal. The best filter was made of BP, CNF, and SH. The presence of SBF and SH increased the contact angle and decreased the solid free energy surface. By FTIR-ATR it was possible to verify with which groups present in the chemical structures of the filter components the Cd (II) and Cu (II) cations interacted best. These results demonstrate the potential use of lignocellulosic biomass for producing composites aimed at water decontamination.
Exploring the Selective Generation of Arsenic Hydrides in Quaternary Ammonium Salt Suspension: A Didactic and Systematic Qualitative Approach Applied to Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Dos Santos Costa Bruno Elias , Alves da Silva Luciano , Melo Coelho Nívia Maria
Published: June 2024

The treatment of laboratory waste containing arsenic compounds should be part of the chemical analysis protocol in educational and research institutions. An alternative procedure for the treatment of these residues is proposed for the development of a didactic analytical route in the detection of As3+, As5+, MMA (monomethylarsonic acid) and DMA (dimethylarsinic acid). The treatment is based on the coprecipitation of inorganic arsenic species with a quaternary ammonium salt (tetra-n-butylammonium perchlorate) in suspension. Detection occurred by controlling the hydride generation reactions and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The methylated species MMA and DMA remain in the supernatant and can be monitored by adjusting the pH, concentration of the borohydride reducer, and the use of auxiliary reducers (hydroxylamine hydrochloride and KI). Satisfactory selective detectability was obtained for each arsenic species present in the waste sample.  This work contributes to the development of experiments to be implemented in Qualitative Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis classes. The results allow to approach the chemical vapor generation, which is generally not well explored in undergraduate classes. Discussion of this procedure is supported by a teaching proposal based on the theory of nascent hydrogen for inorganic arsenic species and the nucleophilic performance of the hydride ion for methylated species. This approach allows the student to contextualize important concepts such as Lewis structure, oxidation state and kinetics of arsenic hydride generation reactions. This interdisciplinary contextualization forms a common theoretical basis, preparing and enabling the student to research speciation analysis by hydride generation and to understand the most accepted theories.
Android-based Audio-Visual Comics in Enhancing Conceptual Understanding and Motivation of Chemistry Concepts
Authors: Cotiangco Erika Niña , Huraño Niña Jan , Sodoso Ellen Rose , Sumagang Mylene Grace , Jumao-as Jose Joey , Canoy Jenelyn , Picardal Marchee , Sanchez Joje Mar
Published: June 2024

The complexity of chemistry arises from its abstract nature and heavy reliance on mathematical concepts, posing significant challenges for students. Combining technology with traditional teaching, comics are used as one of the educational multimedia options because of their unique ability to infuse humor, a way to convey scientific information that can captivate people's attention and interest. This study investigated the effectiveness of Android-based audio-visual comics in teaching chemical bonding among two groups of Grade 9 science class students in a public secondary school in Cebu, Philippines. Using a causal-comparative design, a 20-item pretest-posttest method was used to measure the extent of the effect of the integration on students’ conceptual understanding; meanwhile, an adapted version of the Chemistry Motivation Questionnaire-II (CMQ-II) to measure the increased motivation of the students. A semi-structured interview was utilized to gather qualitative data for teaching experiences, while a focus group discussion was used to collect students’ experiences. Quantitative results suggested that students’ conceptual understanding significantly improved after exposure to the instructional material. Meanwhile, the four components of students’ motivation significantly increased, specifically intrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, self-determination, and grade motivation. Moreover, students’ learning experiences using the instructional material discussed in the focus group discussion revealed that it helped them understand chemistry topics better and become more motivated to learn chemistry. Thus, science educators may consider using the instructional material in teaching science concepts to enhance motivation and conceptual understanding. Furthermore, future studies would have to consider the appropriateness and suitability of the instructional material in other subject areas and grade levels.
Çocuklarda Akılcı Analjezik İlaç Kullanımı
Authors: Kıroğlu Olcay , Köylü Mahmut , Surmelioglu Nursel
Published: June 2024

Çocuklarda ilaç kullanımı erişkinlere göre farklılık göstermektedir. Çocukların erken evrelerde fizyolojik özelliklerinin erişkinlerden farklı olmasının bu değişkenlikte önemli rolü bulunmaktadır. Yaşa göre değişen vücut yüzey alanı ve ağırlık, organ fonksiyonlarındaki değişimler, ilaç uygulama ve uyunç problemleri bu farklıların başında gelmektedir. Çocuklarda ağrı ve ateş bulgularının sık görülmesi, analjezik ilaçların çok kullanılmasına neden olmaktadır. Analjezik ilaçların hastaların bireysel özelliklerine uygun, klinik gereksinimlerini karşılamak amacıyla yeterli sürede, en doğru dozda ve en uygun maliyetle kullanılmaması akılcı olmayan analjezik kullanımına yol açmaktadır. Analjeziklerin akılcı kullanılmaması ilaçların tedavideki etkilerinin azalmasına veya önemli yan etkilere neden olmaktadır. Çocuklarda analjezik kullanırken çocuklara özgü ilaçların farmakodinamik-farmakokinetik farklılıklarına, çocukların gelişim dönemlerinin gerekliliklerine uygun akılcı ilaç kullanım yaklaşımlarının yapılması gerekmektedir
Nöropatik Ağrıda Farmakolojik Yaklaşımlar
Authors: Büyüknacar Hacer Sinem , Çiçek Figen Amber , Çatalbaş Kozan Hatice
Published: June 2024

Uluslararası Ağrı Çalışmaları Birliği, ağrıyı gerçek veya potansiyel doku hasarı ile ilgili olarak ortaya çıkan hoş olmayan emosyonel bir deneyim olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Nosiseptif, nöropatik ve psikojenik ağrı olmak üzere üç gruba ayrılmaktadır. Bunlardan biri olan nöropatik ağrı, nosiseptif ağrı türleri olan baş ağrısı, sırt ağrısı ve diğer kas-iskelet sistemi ağrıları gibi sıklıkla bildirilen diğer ağrı durumlarından farklıdır ve hem periferik hem de merkezi duyarlılık mekanizmalarını yansıtır. Nöropatik ağrısı olan hastaların tedavi yönetimi karmaşıktır. Nöropatik ağrı tedavisinde genellikle basamaklı bir tedavi yaklaşımı önerilmektedir. Birinci basamak tedavide; trisiklik antidepresanlar, serotonin ve norepinefrin geri alım inhibitörleri, kalsiyum kanallarının alfa-2 delta ligandı (gabapentin ve pregabalin), topikal lidokain yer almaktadır. Opioid analjezikler ve tramadol, genellikle ikinci basamak tedavisinde önerilmektedir fakat bazı belirlenmiş klinik durumlarda birinci basamak kullanım için de önerilebilir. Üçüncü basamak tedavisinde ise antiepileptikler, antidepresanlar, meksiletin, N-metil-D-aspartat reseptör antagonistleri ve topikal kapsaisin yer almaktadır. İlaç seçimi; muhtemel yan etkiler, potansiyel yararlı veya zararlı etkiler ve analjezik etkisinin hemen başlamasının gerekli olup olmadığı göz önünde bulundurularak kişiye özgü olarak yapılmalıdır.
Non-Rayleigh statistics of ultrasonic backscattered echoes
Authors:   , Narayanan Manoj Vidyadharan
Published: June 2024

Till recently, many of the tissue characterization models have been based on the Rayleigh distribution. However, there have been many instances cited in literature suggesting that deviations from Rayleigh statistics occur when the region of interest contains fewer number of scatterers, exhibits significant variations in scattering cross-section, or contains scatterers with some form of periodic alignment. To account for these non-Rayleigh statistics, new models that are very general and flexible in scope have been proposed in this thesis. The K-distribution is a very general model for characterizing the envelope statistics regardless of whether they are pre-Rayleigh or Rayleigh in nature. In addition, its parameters have the capability for providing relative information on both the number of scatterers as well as the scattering cross-sections simultaneously, in contrast to many of the existing models. Another aspect of non-Rayleigh statistics was also investigated by analyzing the phase information. In the presence of periodic or quasi-periodic scatterers, the phases are no longer uniformly distributed. Two new parameters, the signal to noise ratio of the phase and a [chi]2 test statistic obtained from conducting a [chi]2 goodness of fit test to test the uniformity of the phase distribution, have been introduced to characterize the presence of periodic elements. These two techniques in combination with the power spectral density provide us with a more robust means of identifying the presence of periodic elements. Yet another model, the generalized K-distribution, was developed to characterize scattering from different types of tissues with differing scattering arrangements. This is truly a wide ranging model and it can characterize the whole spectrum of speckle statistics (pre-Rayleigh, Rayleigh or post-Rayleigh distributions). In essence, a novel multi-parametric approach to tissue characterization involving the envelope, phase and the power spectral density has been provided, and these methods would serve as useful tools in the area of tissue characterization. In addition, by combining all these parameters it would be possible to provide a more accurate description of the scattering properties of tissue being imaged.
Evaluation of the standing balance of children with cerebral palsy and the tools for assessment
Authors:   , Lowes Linda Pax , Westcott Sarah L
Published: June 2024

Children with cerebral palsy frequently receive physical therapy to remediate balance deficits. Evaluation of the impairments associated with poor balance could facilitate more effective treatment programs. This study was designed to evaluate the standing balance of children with cerebral palsy using a systems approach to identify the impairments associated with poor balance. Additionally, this study looked at several psychometric properties of the instruments used for balance assessment. Thirty five children between the ages of 6 and 14 years of age with spastic cerebral palsy were evaluated using the Pediatric Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction (P-CTSIB), the Timed Up and Go (TUG), the Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency running speed and agility subtest (RUN), the Pediatric Evaluation Of Disability Index (PEDI), goniometry and hand-held dynamometry. The results indicated that children with hemiplegia scored significantly better on the P-CTSIB than children with either diplegia or quadriplegia. The P-CTSIB detected a deficit in the ability of children with diplegia to maintain standing balance when inaccurate somatosensory information was presented. This deficit was not present in the children with hemiplegia. During the testing the children were noted to primarily use an ankle strategy to maintain their balance, but also utilized a crouching strategy. The P-CTSIB was shown to have a moderate correlation to the TUG, RUN and PEDI mobility and self-care functional skill subtest. Blocked, hierarchical multiple regression analysis revealed that force production explained 31% of the variance in P-CTSIB scores in this sample while range of motion explained an additional 13%. The total variance explained by these variables was, therefore, 54%. Results of this study would suggest that impairment level testing may allow the development of more effective individualized treatment programs to remediate balance deficits. Testing should include evaluation of sensory processing abilities, force production and range of motion. The large amount of variance in P-CTSIB scores that was explained by the strength and range of motion variables suggests that intervention to remediate these impairments should be considered as part of a balance treatment program. This study also supported the use of the P-CTSIB as an evaluative measure of a child's balance abilities.
Plasmodium yoelii orthologue of macrophage migration inhibitory factor alters the course of blood stage malaria infection
Authors:   , Thorat Swati , Burns James M.
Published: June 2024

Severe malaria is being recognized as a systemic inflammatory condition with increased production of inflammatory cytokines playing a major part in disease pathogenesis. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an immune mediator that promotes a sustained pro-inflammatory response by inhibiting glucocorticoid-mediated down-regulation of inflammation, in addition to its role in the pathogenesis of malarial anemia. Plasmodium species were found to contain a conserved orthologue of MIF with significant similarity to mammalian MIF (30%). We used P. yoelii murine model to study the potential role of parasite-encoded MIF in the pathogenesis of malaria. Initial characterization of PyMIF using bacterially expressed recombinant protein in functional assays showed that PyMIF could actively induce chemotaxis of macrophages but did not show enzymatic activity or ability to induce or enhance TNF-[alpha] production from macrophages. Localization studies showed that PyMIF was expressed during infection and was detected in parasitized erythrocytes and in the extracellular medium. Neutralization of PyMIF by immunization-induced antibody during infection resulted in a low-persistent parasitemia and longer period of anemia. To further evaluate the role of PyMIF, two transgenic parasite lines that constitutively overexpress PyMIF on a nonlethal P. voelii 17X (PyMIFcon, PyMIF-OE 17X) and lethal P. yoelii I7XL background (PyMIF-OE 17XL) were generated. Challenge studies with transgenic parasites in mice showed that over-expression of PyMIF resulted in a modest decrease in disease severity. The non-lethal transgenic parasites showed a slight decrease in mean peak parasitemia and anemia. In infections with lethal transgenic parasites, a delay in mortality was observed, the extent of which was dependent on expression level of PyMIF. Overall, PyMIF over-expressing parasites showed lower parasite burdens indicating a trend towards attenuation. We studied early cytokine responses during challenge infection with PyMIF-OE 17XL parasites to determine the possible mechanism of PyMIF-based attenuation and saw increased IFN-[gamma] responses in the PyMIF-OE 17XL infected mice but no significant changes in other pro or anti-inflammatory cytokines. These data show that PyMIF has a protective role during infection and can modulate blood-stage malaria by inducing early IFN-[gamma] production and possibly, by increasing macrophage migration to the spleen to aid the clearance of parasites.
Ecografía de glándula salival en el Síndrome de Sjögren primario
Authors: Chávez Teresa , Ordano Félix , Maidana Agustina
Published: June 2024

Introducción: El Síndrome de Sjögren primario es una enfermedad autoinmune que se caracteriza por un proceso inflamatorio que afecta fundamentalmente a las glándulas exocrinas. Existe un interés creciente en el uso de la ecografía de glándulas salivales como una herramienta no invasiva para el diagnóstico del Síndrome de Sjögren primario (SSp). Objetivo: Describir los hallazgos ecográficos de glándulas salivales y de biopsia glandular en pacientes con sospecha de Síndrome de Sjögren primario. Materiales y métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional de corte transversal en el que se incluyó a pacientes adultos con sospecha de SSp. En todos los casos se realizó ecografía y biopsia de glándulas salivales. Se registraron variables epidemiológicas, clínicas, de imagen (i.e. ultrasonido) y el resultado anatomopatológico de las biopsias de glándulas salivales. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables. Resultados: Se incluyeron a 23 pacientes con sospecha de SSp. La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 47,7±11,1 años, y el 96,0% fueron de sexo femenino. En todas las ecografías se constataron hallazgos compatibles con SSp, mientras que en el 96% de las biopsitas se objetivaron datos compatibles con SSp. Conclusión: En esta serie de pacientes, se pudo constatar un alto porcentaje de casos en los que se objetivó cambios compatibles con SSp, tanto en la ecografía de glándulas salivales como en la anatomía patológica.
Síndrome de Sjögren: identificación de nuevos biomarcadores y mecanismos moleculares implicados en su fisiopatogénesis
Authors: Vázquez Jiménez Lourdes Carolina , Vergara Serpa Oscar Vicente , Sierra Orlenis , Espitia Muñoz Vianh Carlos , Ordosgoitia Dickson Luis Felipe , García Juan Pablo , Diaz Suarez Esteban David , Daza Arnedo Rodrigo , Rico Fontalvo Jorge
Published: June 2024

Introducción: El Síndrome de Sjögren (SS) es una enfermedad autoinmune de carácter sistémico, que afecta principalmente al sistema glandular exocrino, generando un funcionamiento anormal de las glándulas lacrimales y salivales. Objetivo: proporcionar una actualización sobre la identificación de nuevos biomarcadores y mecanismos moleculares implicados en la fisiopatogénesis del SS. Método: Revisión narrativa de la literatura en diferentes bases de datos, mediante la búsqueda de términos descritos incluidos en los tesauros MESH y DeCs, para artículos publicados a partir del año 2018. Resultados: presentamos evidencia que destaca la identificación de nuevos biomarcadores y mecanismos implicados en la fisiopatogénesis del SS, describiendo las vías de: linfocitos B, catepsina S, cistatina C, quimioquina C-X3-C modificada de ligando 1, quimiocina regulada por activación del timo, células T, proteína morfogenética ósea 6, estimulación del receptor de oxitocina, receptor de zinc, calponina-3. Conclusión: los avances en la tecnología facilita el análisis detallado de la genética y fisiopatogénesis del SS, impulsando el desarrollo de terapias específicas. La búsqueda de biomarcadores no invasivos responde a las limitaciones de los métodos existentes y la invasividad de las biopsias salivales, prometiendo mejoras diagnósticas y terapéuticas.
Papel del IFN-λ en la patogénesis del Lupus eritematoso sistémico: mecanismos Biomoleculares
Authors: Vergara Serpa Oscar Vicente , Apraez Mazabel Nayla , Córdoba Paredes Juan Sebastián , Arenas Contreras Erika Jhohanna , Lemus Arellano Elva Rosa , Herrera Olivares Miguel Ángel , Ruiz Pastrana Geraldine Lucia , Grajales Marín Vanesa Alejandra , Daza Arnedo Rodrigo , Vázquez Jiménez Lourdes Carolina , Rico Fontalvo Jorge
Published: June 2024

Introducción: El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad autoinmune que causa inflamación sistémica y alteraciones en la tolerancia inmunológica. La activación de los genes inducibles por interferón (IFN), contribuye en más del 50% de su patogenia. Objetivo: relacionar el papel del IFN-λ en la patogenia del LES. Materiales y Métodos: Búsqueda sistémica en base de datos; a través de las palabras claves del MeSH and DeCS. Fue incluido adicionalmente la palabra “Interferón Lambda”. Resultados: Se encontró que la producción aberrante de interferón tipo I contribuye a la desregulación de IFN-λ, producido principalmente por células dendríticas plasmocitoides. Este proceso conduce a la estimulación inmunológica por autoanticuerpos y a un aumento de IFNλR-1 en células B, potenciando la generación de anticuerpos. IFN-λ3 se asocia particularmente con nefritis lúpica, y el IFN-λ en general aumenta la expresión de MHC-I, intensificando la respuesta de células T CD8+ y posiblemente afectando la tolerancia central y la regulación en el timo. Conclusión: Se destaca que el IFN-λ favorece la activación inmune, formación de inmunocomplejos, inflamación crónica y producción de autoanticuerpos, vinculándose niveles altos de IFN-λ3 con mayor actividad de la enfermedad.
A comparative analysis of the use of back massage and Murattal AI-Qur'an on dysmenorrhea pain and anxiety levels
Authors: Mamlukah
Published: June 2024

Background: Dysmenorrhea pain and anxiety are ordinary women's health concerns that can significantly impact their quality of life. This study compared the effectiveness of two interventions, back massage and Murottal Al-Qur'an (listening to specific Quran verses), in reducing pain and anxiety associated with dysmenorrhea.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 69 women diagnosed with dysmenorrhea. Participants were divided into three groups: a back massage group, a Murottal Al-Qur'an group, and a control group. The back massage and Murottal Al-Qur'an groups received their respective interventions for 30 minutes daily during the first three days of their menstrual period. Validated questionnaires were used to assess pain intensity and anxiety levels before and after the interventions. The questionnaires employed were the Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), a well-validated tool that measures pain intensity on a scale of 0 (no pain) to 10 (worst possible pain), and the Zung Self-Anxiety Scale (SAS), an established instrument that assesses various aspects of anxiety using a 4-point Likert scale.
Results: Both the back massage and Murottal Al-Qur'an interventions significantly reduced anxiety levels (p<0.001) compared to the control group. Interestingly, the Murottal Al-Qur'an group showed a more significant reduction in pain (p<0.001) compared to both the back massage group (p=0.012) and the control group (no significant change).
Conclusions: This study suggests that both Murottal Al-Qur'an and back massages can be effective in reducing anxiety associated with dysmenorrhea. However, Murottal Al-Qur'an appears to be a more effective intervention for managing pain intensity during menstruation.
Historestorative effects of Warbugia ugandensis on high fat diet induced atherosclerosis in New Zealand rabbits
Authors: O. Oyugi Spencer , Allan Khisa W. , M. Nyabola Atanas
Published: June 2024

Background: Historestorative feature is a vital component that any organ can acquire secondary to its damage. Most of the time damage arises from traumatic injury or toxification by toxic agents. In the current context the aortic intima lumen significantly histologically changed secondary to administration of Warbugia ugandensis thus increasing blood supply to vital organs.
Methods: Posttest only true experimental study design was used with 33 male New Zeeland rabbits considered for this study. In grouping of animals, Systematic sampling method was used to assign them as control and experimental groups. W. ugandensis extract was obtained after which phytochemical analysis and acute oral toxicity were conducted to determine safe dose. The animals were fed on high fat diet to induce atherosclerosis.
Results: The mean fraction of restorative group reduced significantly (p=0.0001) relative to vehicle control group. There was no significant difference in mean area fraction of W. ugandensis restorative group when compared with negative control group (p=1.000). On histological features, restorative group had a smaller lesion as compared to vehicle group. The lipid core was smaller in size with large fibrous cap around it. The endothelial cells surrounded the lesion as opposed to vehicle control group make it more stable.
Conclusions: Therefore, it can be concluded that W. ugandensis has historestorative benefits portrayed by reduction of atherosclerotic lesion with a lipid core covered by a large fibrous cap.
Factors associated with sputum conversion time among patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis in Kenya
Authors: David Mutabari , Orowe Idah , Karanja Anthony , Kipruto Hillary
Published: June 2024

Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is a form of antimicrobial resistance that is difficult and costly to treat. It is caused by TB bacteria that are resistant to at least one of the first-line existing TB medications, resulting in fewer treatment options and increasing mortality rates. Treatment for this form of TB, known as DR-TB, requires a minimum of 18-24 months of treatment with drugs that are less effective, more toxic, and more expensive than those needed for drug-susceptible TB.
Methods: This was a retrospective review of secondary data for patients diagnosed with DR-TB in Kenya from 2014 to 2019. Each patient had a two-year follow-up period to monitor sputum conversion time and the associated factors. The enrolled patients comprised all patients diagnosed with DR-TB within the 47 counties in Kenya and enrolled at any drug-resistant registered treatment center.
Results: A total of 2674 patients were enrolled for review to establish factors associated with conversion and we only found out that the type of resistance a patient enrolled on gender, intensive phase regiment, modification of intensive phase, and waiting time before treatment initiation were the only significant factors that would influence when a patient would convert from being sputum positive to negative.
Conclusions: Patients with resistant TB require correct diagnosis and timely start of medication with good follow-up to avoid being lost to follow-up or failing on the medication started. Additionally, healthcare workers need continuous training to gain more knowledge in case of detection for patients coming to hospitals.
Experience in the treatment of liver echinococcosis in Grodno Region, Belarus
Authors: Dissanayake Senuri Randula Abeywickrama , Kulasinghe K. A. Nethuki Akithma , Fathima Atheefa Mohamed Aslam , Ruslan Shyla
Published: June 2024

Background: A parasitic hydatid disease called liver echinococcosis is brought on by the tapeworm echinococcus and is a reason for concern for global health. In addition to the liver, the lungs can harbor parasites. In the life cycle of parasites, humans occupy a middle position. Depending on the size and intensity of the cyst, the clinical signs can vary and be non-specific. The complications include bleeding, perforation, suppuration, cyst rupture, mechanical jaundice, and portal hypertension. Here is an analysis of own results of surgical treatment of patients with liver echinococcosis in Grodno region, Belarus between June 2012 to October 2022.
Methods: The research design was cross-sectional. Diagnostic methods that are instrumental and laboratory-based include a general blood test, a biochemical blood test, an enzyme immunoassay (IFA), abdominal and retroperitoneal MRIs and ultrasounds, abdominal and chest CT scans and brain scans. There were 10 men and 17 women among the 27 patients. The age range of the majority of the patients was 18 to 83.
Results: All patients underwent resections, including laparoscopic procedures. One of the patients in our series of cases received a two-stage therapy regimen due to a secondary focus of echinococcosis in the left lung. In our series of cases, no postoperative complications or mortality occurred.
Conclusions: Patients with hepatic echinococcosis should be treated at specialized hospitals. Abdominal, chest, and brain CT scans are required in order to search for additional foci. When it comes to treating echinococcosis, minimal invasive surgical procedures should be preferred.
The effectiveness of self-hypnosis to reduce the intensity of nausea vomiting in emesis patients
Authors: Kusuma Wijaya , Sari Yeni M. , Hami Seno Budhi
Published: June 2024

Background: Pregnancy triggers various physical and psychological changes, including common first-trimester symptoms like nausea and vomiting. Self-hypnosis can help alleviate these symptoms, offering an alternative treatment for pregnant women.
Methods: This double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) included 44 pregnant women with gestational ages less than 20 weeks, selected through purposive and total sampling. Participants were divided into two groups: the treatment group (n=22) received self-hypnosis recordings with water sounds, while the control group (n=22) received recordings of water sounds only. Both groups listened to the recordings for 15 minutes each morning and night over a period of 4 weeks. The study took place in the Kedunggalar Health Center area from June to July 2023. The PUQE-24 instrument measured nausea and vomiting severity before the intervention and weekly for four weeks thereafter. Data were analyzed using independent sample t-test and repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA).
Results: The treatment group experienced a statistically significant reduction in nausea and vomiting intensity, as indicated by PUQE-24 scores, at week I (p=0.013), week II (p=0.000), week III (p=0.000), and week IV (p=0.000). The treatment group showed a greater reduction in mean PUQE-24 scores compared to the control group (p<0.05). Clinically, nausea and vomiting intensity decreased from moderate to mild or none in the treatment group, while the control group showed no significant changes.
Conclusions: Self-hypnosis is effective in reducing the intensity of nausea and vomiting in patients with emesis gravidarum.
Reporting of serous effusions in accordance with Indian Academy of Cytology guidelines in a tertiary care centre: a 1-year study
Authors: Gulia Manish , Gulia Sandhya P. , Mittal Shivanshi S. , Rana Surya , Tathagat  , Aaryan
Published: June 2024

Background: The objective of the present study was to categorize serous effusions in accordance with the Indian Academy of Cytology (IAC) guidelines, evaluate the characteristics of various types of serous effusions using cytological findings, and determine the risk of malignancy within different diagnostic categories.
Methods: The study conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital focused on patients with pleural, and peritoneal effusions/ascitic fluid, using retrospective data from patient records. Samples sent to the pathology department for cytopathological analysis over a one-year period after obtaining approval from institutional ethics committee (IEC). The statistical methods used included descriptive statistics and frequency analysis to examine the different cell types and characteristics present in the effusions. Risk of malignancy was calculated for each category. A Chi-square test was used to assess the relationship between different diagnostic categories, with a p value of <0.05 indicating statistical significance.
Results: The findings of the study indicate that out of a total of 161 cases, there were 127 (78.88%) male patients and 34 (21.12%) female patients, resulting in a male to female ratio of 18:5. Ascitic fluid was present in 103 cases (64%) and pleural fluid in 58 cases (36%). The majority of cases, 148 (91.92%), fell into the benign category, followed by 5 cases (3.10%) in category 3, 3 cases (1.86%) in category 5, 2 cases (1.24%) in category 4, and 3 cases (1.86%) in category 1. A statistically significant p value of 0.04 was found among the different diagnostic categories.
Conclusions: The IAC has specific guidelines and recommendations for reporting serous effusion cytology to ensure accurate and consistent interpretation of results. In conclusion, reporting serous effusion cytology according to IAC guidelines is essential for accurate diagnosis, prognostic information, quality assurance, communication with the healthcare team, and promoting research and education in the field. Adhering to these guidelines ensures standardized reporting practices and improves patient care outcomes.
A 22-year study to evaluate disparities in place of death in the United States using the CDC WONDER database for intracerebral hemorrhage
Authors: Lade Ananya , Chaverri A. Kevin G. , Nachu Amrutha , Goel Ramita , Pansuriya Jaymin , Pillikunte Doddareddy Navya , Saravanan Abirami
Published: June 2024

Background: Interpretation of data collected from the CDC WONDER database and analysis of disparities in places of death for those patients diagnosed with intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the United States from 1999 to 2020. Our research intends to uncover important insights into potential differences in end-of-life care for patients suffering from ICH and to provide solicited care during this crucial time.
Methods: We conducted an epidemiological study in which all patient-specific demographics were extracted from the CDC WONDER database evaluated for disparities in place of death, and compared based on variables. The odds ratio was also calculated. Qualitative data was expressed in percentage and proportion, whereas statistical analysis was done using R programming software.
Results: Data of 18,783,791 ICH deaths was aggregated. Data explained that patients in the 85+ age group are the most likely to die at home, and this particular age group also has seen the highest number (1,941,657) of fatalities in home or hospice and the highest number (4,937,395) of fatalities in medical or nursing facilities. Male patients in the 55–64 age group were most likely to die at home or hospice, whereas female patients in general were most likely to die in medical or nursing facilities. West census region patients were 1.424 times more likely to die at home or hospice, this number being the highest of all regions.
Conclusions: Home or hospice mortality trend in patients with ICH, within a 22-year period, increased significantly, specifically in white male patients ages 85 and older from the west rural region.
Evaluation of bowel by computed tomography enterography: comparing the water, mannitol and iodinated oral contrast
Authors: Naik Pratik Narad , Kardam Narendra Kumar , Gehlot Kushal Babu , Ola Sandeep Kumar , Nayak Rakesh
Published: June 2024

Background: Despite the small intestine's size and significance, disorders of it are comparatively uncommon and can pose difficulties for diagnosis and treatment. Even with the advent of cutting-edge imaging methods like double balloon endoscopy and capsule endoscopy, diagnostic tests are still unable to accurately evaluate the bowel. Recent innovations, including capsule endoscopy and MRI have emerged as an alternative small bowel imaging techniques that can be performed without ionizing radiations. In this study we have compared Water, mannitol and iodinated oral contrast for assessing intraluminal distension, mucosal fold visualization and mural enhancement.
Methods: A total of 150 patients fulfilling the selection criteria were studied. All patients of age group 25 to 70 years were included in the study. Patients with ileostomy, nasogastric tube in-situ and nil by mouth., with suspected intestinal obstruction, patient presenting with acute abdomen and fever were excluded.
Results: It was observed that mannitol, homogeneity and mannitol group showed better bowel distension than iodinated contrast and plain water group (p<0.001), iodinated contrast and plain water group. (p<0.001). Mannitol group showed better wall visibility than iodinated contrast and plain water group. (p<0.001). Mannitol is better endo-luminal contrast agent than, iodinated contrast in water and plain water to assess the overall image quality.
Conclusions: Computed tomography (CT) enterography using mannitol is excellent technique in better visualization of small bowel loops and thus helped to provide better diagnosis for intestinal abnormalities.
A clinicopathological study of histomorphological differentiation and staging of lymph node metastasis in periampullary carcinoma
Authors: Chakraborty Ramit , Chandanwale Shirish , Gore Charusheela , Londhe Mangesh S.
Published: June 2024

Background: The periampullary region is an anatomically and histologically complex area that is prone towards malignant transformation. Malignancies in this region have increased in incidence in the last few decades. Classifying these malignancies has become crucial for prognosis and treatment. With the pancreato-biliary type being more aggressive as compared to the intestinal type. Lymph node metastasis and lymph node ratio also aid in prognostication.
Methods: This prospective descriptive study was conducted over one year from August 2022 on 30 patients diagnosed with periampullary tumors who underwent pancreatoduodenectomy and biopsy. Histopathological classification and prognostic factors were analyzed based on Kimura et al classification.
Results: The study included 18 males and 12 females with a mean age of 53.47 years. The origin of the tumor was the head of the pancreas in 66.66% (n=20) of the patients. Adenocarcinoma was the most common histological type. The pancreato-biliary type of adenocarcinoma was more aggressive than the intestinal type when primary tumor size and staging were compared.
Conclusions: Periampullary carcinomas are difficult to classify. Kimura et al classification is an important classification system that helps in the treatment and prognostication of the patient. The pancreato-biliary type of adenocarcinoma is more aggressive as compared to the intestinal type. Lymph node metastasis and lymph node ratio are also important prognostic factors.
Effectiveness of respiratory proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation technique on pulmonary function in spinal cord injury patients: a randomized controlled trial
Authors: Thorat Komal D. , Tungikar Sudhir , Lofvenmark Inka
Published: June 2024

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) often leads to respiratory complications due to impaired neuromuscular control. Proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation (PNF) techniques have shown promise in improving respiratory function in various populations, but their effectiveness in SCI patients remains underexplored. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of respiratory PNF techniques on pulmonary function in individuals with SCI.
Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted involving SCI patients with respiratory impairment. A total of 43 participants were included in this study. The study duration was 4 years with an intervention period of 4 weeks and the outcome measures were pulmonary functions and chest expansion using inch tape.
Results: There was a significant improvement in pulmonary functions in the control group and a highly significant improvement in pulmonary functions in the experimental group after 4 weeks of interventions and chest expansion was significantly improved in the experimental group.
Conclusions: The respiratory PNF techniques demonstrated a clinically meaningful enhancement in pulmonary function and chest mobility among SCI patients. Respiratory PNF techniques represent a valuable adjunct therapy for improving pulmonary function and chest mobility in individuals with SCI.
Role of multidetector computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation of buccal mucosal neoplasms
Authors: Bamdhamravuri Sravan Kumar , Nagaraj B. R. , Kammela Radha
Published: June 2024

Background: Buccal mucosa cancers are increasingly common among younger individuals, primarily due to tobacco usage. Accurate staging is essential for effective treatment planning. This study evaluates the role of multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in assessing buccal mucosa neoplasms.
Methods: This prospective study included 25 patients from Great Eastern medical school and hospital over a 12-month period. All patients underwent initial clinical examination followed by CT and MRI scans. CT scans were conducted using a GE 16-slice MDCT scanner, and MRI scans were performed with a 1.5-T unit. Imaging results were correlated with histopathological findings. The TNM classification system was used for disease staging.
Results: CT and MRI demonstrated high sensitivity (98%) in detecting bone erosion and invasion into the infratemporal fossa. MDCT effectively identified the extent of bone involvement, while MRI provided detailed soft tissue contrast, aiding in the evaluation of surgical outcomes. Imaging accurately identified key features impacting staging and treatment, including involvement of the retromolar trigone, tongue, masticator space, bones, neurovascular bundles, lymph nodes, and distant metastases.
Conclusions: MDCT and MRI are non-invasive, cost-effective tools critical for the staging and management of buccal mucosa cancer. Early and accurate imaging significantly improves treatment planning and prognostication. Both modalities play complementary roles in assessing disease extent and guiding clinical decisions.
Assessing the prevalence of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy at a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Sarker Mohammad Shahjahan , Siddique Mazharul Alam , Islam M. Zahidul , Hanif Mohammad , Rahman M. Mizanur , Hossain A. B. M. Delowar
Published: June 2024

Background: Thyroidectomy is a common surgical procedure for various thyroid disorders, but it often leads to complications such as hypocalcemia. Understanding the prevalence and predictors of hypocalcemia post-total thyroidectomy is crucial for improving patient outcomes.
Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital with 100 patients undergoing thyroid surgery, including total thyroidectomy, completion thyroidectomy, and thyroidectomy with neck dissection. We analyzed the incidence of transient and permanent hypocalcemia, examining correlations with surgery type, demographic variables, and postoperative day of onset. Data were collected through patient records and postoperative follow-ups.
Results: The study revealed that 30% of patients experienced hypocalcemia postoperatively. Hypocalcemia was most prevalent among patients undergoing thyroidectomy with neck dissection (58.33%), compared to those undergoing total thyroidectomy (18.18%) and completion thyroidectomy (40.00%). The majority of hypocalcemia cases (66.67%) occurred on the second postoperative day. Most hypocalcemia instances were transient (86.67%), with a smaller fraction being permanent (13.33%).
Conclusions: Hypocalcemia remains a significant complication following thyroid surgery, particularly in surgeries involving neck dissection. Early identification and management of at-risk patients could mitigate the severity of this complication. Our findings underscore the importance of vigilant monitoring and tailored postoperative care to minimize the impact of hypocalcemia on patient recovery and quality of life.