bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diretrizes sobre trombose venosa profunda da Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular
Authors: Sobreira Marcone Lima , Marques Marcos Áreas , Paschoa Adilson Ferraz , Ribeiro Alcides José Araújo , Casella Ivan Benaduce , Burihan Marcelo Calil , Matielo Marcelo Fernando , Soares Rafael de Athayde , Araujo Walter Junior Boin de , Joviliano Edwaldo Edner , Oliveira Julio Cesar Peclat de
Published: October 2024

Resumo Trombose venosa profunda é uma das principais causas de morbidade hospitalar e ambulatorial, seja em pacientes clínicos, seja em pacientes cirúrgicos, impactando significativamente nas estatísticas de mortalidade, exigindo um diagnóstico rápido para que se institua de forma imediata o tratamento. O presente documento foi preparado e revisado por onze especialistas certificados pela Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular, que buscaram nas principais bases de dados as melhores evidências referentes à abordagem diagnóstica (exame físico, exames de imagem) e terapêutica (heparina, cumarínicos, anticoagulantes orais de ação direita, fibrinolíticos) da doença.
Influência do Contexto ou Atributos Individuais? Modelos Multiníveis Aplicados à Análise de Resultados Eleitorais
Authors: Cortez Costa Thiago
Published: October 2024

Modelos de regressão convencionais têm entre seus pressupostos: 1) que a variável resposta é numérica e contínua (em jargão técnico, diz-se que tem distribuição de frequências ‘normal’); e 2) que as observações são independentes entre si. Contudo, para grande parte dos problemas de pesquisa em investigações sociais esse não é o caso. Frequentemente a variável resposta é qualitativa, por exemplo, em formato binário, categórico nominal ou ordinal. Outra dificuldade comum ocorre em relação à independência entre as observações, pois o resultado de uma observação pode estar correlacionado de diversas formas ao resultado das demais. Os modelos generalizados de efeito misto, também chamados de modelos hierárquicos generalizados, constituem uma solução para essas limitações. São uma técnica apropriada para o estudo de casos em que se acredita que as características e os comportamentos de uma determinada observação são influenciados pelo conglomerado ou agrupamento a que ela pertence. Desse modo, possibilita-se que o pesquisador considere, num mesmo modelo, dados de contexto e dados de indivíduos. O presente trabalho pretende difundir o uso da modelagem hierárquica como ferramenta de análise de dados organizados em níveis ou agrupamentos quando a variável resposta não é variável numérica contínua (isto é, não possui uma distribuição normal). Para tanto, apresenta-se a teoria estatística subjacente à técnica, acompanhada de uma análise aplicada aos resultados de eleições nacionais do Brasil.
Bunchgrass Meadows — Among Our Wetlands of Distinction
Authors: MacLaren Colin
Published: October 2024

In the northeast corner of Washington State sit the Selkirk and Kettle mountain ranges. There, woodland caribou, grizzly bear, and gray wolves freely roam 1.5 million acres of spruce and fir forest, talus, and river valleys. Within this geographic area is Bunchgrass Meadows, a 711-acre (288-hectare) wetland complex within the Colville National Forest that stands out as one of the many gems on our public lands and one of the newest “Wetlands of Distinction”. Bunchgrass Meadows is at the headwaters of Harvey Creek and at the crossroads of Kootenai, Colville, Kalispel, Spokane, and Okanogan traditional tribal lands (Figure 1). This relatively high-elevation feature (about 5,084 ft., 1,550 m) is found in the Canadian Rocky Mountain ecoregion near the boundary between Washington and Idaho. Snowmelt and rain confined by the surrounding hillslopes collect and linger on a slow meander to Harvey Creek at the northeastern end, sustaining an exceptionally rich and diverse array of wetland habitats (riverine, lacustrine, slope, and depressional; Figure 2). Multiple natural resource management agencies have compiled documentation on the unique structure and composition of this wetland complex. The U.S. Forest Service (USFS) designated Bunchgrass Meadows as a Research Natural Area (RNA) in 2008. The USFS’ regional RNA Committee found Bunchgrass Meadows to be exemplary of terrestrial and wetland ecosystems, including high elevation mountain meadow,
Some Observations from a Summer Trip to Alaska
Authors: Tiner Ralph
Published: October 2024

Last summer my wife and I went to Alaska for a couple of weeks. In my nearly 40 years of work with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service I never had the opportunity to experience Alaska’s wetlands, so I had to do it in retirement — one item on my bucket list. We started our trip in Anchorage and our first stop with the rental car was Potter Marsh which has a great boardwalk system traversing the marsh. To our surprise after walking just 100 yards, we saw a moose feeding in the shallow water...what a sight at our first stop. We then went to Seward and along the way stopped at the Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center and Exit Glacier. When back in Anchorage we stopped at 49th State Brewing where I had two pints of a delicious imperial stout — “Candy Bar” — brewed with peanuts, chocolate, and caramel...perfect for my sweet tooth (sorry but the beer was just so good I have to give it a shout-out). We also visited a high school classmate who was a teacher in Anchorage and spent a day in Talkeetna where we spoke with Aurora Dora, a local photographer who has captured some amazing images of the Aurora Borealis (check out images on her website: https://auroradora.com/). Here we also sampled some birch syrup made from White or Paper Birch (Betula papyrifera var. humilis and B. neoalaskana). On Day 3 we began our Princess land-sea cruise tour as we headed north to Denali for a couple of days and then took the scenic train to Whittier (great views of Alaska’s wetlands on the way, despite the rain) and then to various ports via ship. I was hoping to see some bears in Denali and other places, but the salmon were not yet running, so bears were out of sight although I did see one running across a meadow at some distance. I also saw a few along with other animals common to the state at the Alaska Wildlife Conservation Center where they rescue injured/orphaned wildlife. Some high points of the trip were seeing Denali in all its glory, a female moose with calf at Horseshoe Lake, wildflowers in bloom along the Savage River Trail and the Savage Alpine Trail (exhausting but great time for wildflower photography), a hike across a local bog at Hoonah (Icy Strait Point), a hike through a temperate rain forest (Tongass National Forest) to Mendenhall Glacier, and seeing Humpback Whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) bubblenet feeding in Auke Bay, plus views of a few other glaciers and whales during the cruise. If you don’t know what bubble-net feeding is ... check out this website: https:// www.youtube.com/watch?v=z00G0RxeSP0. There’s still more to see in Alaska, so we’ll probably be heading back in late summer 2025 to travel inland. Here’s some mostly wetland-centric images from the trip.
Preserving La Mancha’s Wetland Avian Heritage with a Community-Driven Bird Monitoring Initiative
Authors: Carpinteiro-Díaz Angel , Romero Enrique , Moreno-Casasola Patricia
Published: October 2024

The region of La Mancha includes several bodies of water and communities of wetlands and jungles. It has a rich flora and fauna, and its wetlands are a Ramsar site (La ManchaEl Llano no 1336). Since 1999, there has been a community ecotourism group made up of farmers, ranchers, and fishermen who actively participate in research projects at CICOLMA (a reserve and field station of the Instituto de Ecología A.C., a public research center). They supported the restoration of freshwater wetlands, and since then, one of their members has been monitoring monthly the birds that arrive at the restored wetland. He has recorded 200 species, including aquatic, wading, and terrestrial birds. His training and enthusiasm have allowed him to constantly support data collection and generate this list, showing the role of a small wetland in bird richness. The group’s activity has also resulted in greater community interest in conservation and becoming a livelihood.
Tropical Mountain Peatlands from Southern Espinhaço Range, Brazil: Ecosystem Services, Biodiversity and Paleoenvironmental Reconstruction
Authors: Christofaro Silva Alexandre , Tassinari Diego
Published: October 2024

Peatlands are transition ecosystems between terrestrial and aquatic environments, formed over time and space by the accumulation of plant materials under conditions of excessive moisture, low nutrient availability, low pH and oxygen scarcity, in which organic matter undergoes slow processes of humification. Peatland ecosystems from the Southern Espinhaço Range (SdEM), located in the State of Minas Gerais, were formed by the sui generis combination of environmental factors, setting the stage for their vast biodiversity, endemic and peculiar. For thousands of years these ecosystems have been developing, preserving proxies for environmental reconstitution, sequestering more and more carbon, and increasing their capacity to store water (spongelike effect) and regulate the water discharge from streams. Environmental reconstruction studies carried out in these ecosystems have revealed various regional paleoclimatic changes in the last 35,000 years. The carbon stock sequestered is 8.7 Mt, and 255 million m3 of water are stored in 25,385 hectares of these peatlands. These ecosystems constitute the headwaters of the most important rivers in Eastern Brazil: the São Francisco, Jequitinhonha, and Doce River basins, and regulate their flows during the dry season. However, peatlands located outside of conservation units are threatened by human activity. The Long-Term Ecological Research Program “Peatlands of the Southern Espinhaço Range: Ecosystem Services and Biodiversity” (PELDturf; funded by National Council of Scientific and Technologic Development - CNPq and Minas Gerais State Research Support Foundation - Fapemig), initiated in 2021, has intensified the characterization and monitoring of biodiversity and ecosystem services of peatlands. The results of two decades of research have revealed the importance of these ecosystems for biodiversity, the global carbon cycle, regional water resources, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction. It has also become evident that the rapid degradation of these ecosystems, mainly caused by human activity, can irreversibly compromise their ecosystem services, biodiversity, and paleoenvironmental reconstruction studies in the medium term. Therefore, it is imperative to empower local and regional communities regarding the importance of peatland ecosystems for the environment, socio-economy, and quality of life for their populations, as well as for the planet.
Using Pistia stratiotes to Phytoremediate Oil and Grease from Greywater in Georgetown, Guyana
Authors: Reuben Sharida , Rosales Judith , Hamer Seon
Published: October 2024

This study sought to investigate whether turbidity can be used as a surrogate variable for oil and grease pollution and to analyze the growth dynamic of Pistia stratiotes L. (water lettuce) to phytoremediate oil and grease from water. A quantitative analysis was done using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) using seven treatments of greywaters with constant concentrations of nutrients (NPK) and emulsifier, and variable concentrations of waste lubricant oil which included a control over a 20-day period. The growth of the Pistia plants was monitored using the Leaf Area. The data were then analyzed using a one-way ANOVA. The results showed a significant correlation between turbidity and oil and grease. The greywater that was treated with Pistia stratiotes had as high as 85% reduction in oil and grease over a period of 30 days and as low as 65% in 20 days. Consequently, Pistia stratiotes was found to be highly efficient in phytoremediation of oil and grease pollution. The results also suggest that turbidity can be used as a surrogate variable for oil and grease pollution
Functional Connectivity of the California Bulrush (Schoenoplectus californicus) in Central-Western Wetlands in Mexico
Authors: Noriega-Rico Efraín , Rico Yessica , Lobato-de Magalhães Tatiana
Published: October 2024

Wetlands are natural links between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems maintaining biodiversity at regional and landscape levels. Wetland conservation in Mexico could benefit from understanding functional connectivity for aquatic plants. This is an ongoing research project aimed at identifying the landscape factors that determine gene flow and genetic diversity of Schoenoplectus californicus in the highland wetlands of Central-Western Mexico. Between 10 to 30 leaf tissue samples from S. californicus individuals were collected in natural and artificial wetlands in the states of Michoacán, Guanajuato, and Jalisco for genomic DNA extraction. A total of sixteen nuclear microsatellite markers developed for S. americanus will be transferred and genotyped to estimate genetic diversity and differentiation and to statistically test their relationship with landscape elements. To date, 419 individuals from 27 sites have been sampled from 11 wetlands. Six out of 16 microsatellites have been transferred. The results of this work will guide the design of wetland management and conservation strategies at the landscape scale, particularly in anthropogenic landscapes where wetlands are at high risk.
Observations from an Expedition to Costa Rican Peatlands
Authors: Loisel Julie , Peters Jan , Tegetmeyer Cosima , Girkin Nick , Parsekian Andrew , Rivera Wong Jacklyn
Published: October 2024

In July and August of 2023, we visited Costa Rica to examine some of the country’s peatlands. The purpose of our trip was to collect peat samples from a variety of wetland habitats from the coast to the highlands for future analysis. We summarize our observations in this short essay.
Hadügy - tudomány - etika
Authors: Harai Dénes
Published: October 2024

A kapitalizmus forradalmisága mellett a más természetű forradalmak kifulladtak. A társadalomban egymást tagadó értéktömbök vannak. A morális Jó és Rossz határai leolvadtak, ami eddig pozitív volt, az negatívvá változik. Újjáéled a terrorisztikus morál (ISIS). A hagyomány és modernizáció egymásnak feszül, kényes egyensúlyuk mögött álló csoportok értékei küzdenek egymással. Úgy gondoljuk, egy ember egy hagyományban képes gyökeret ereszteni. Az oktatásnak a morális zavarban fontos feladatai vannak.
A katonai hívatás és az önkéntes haderő értékei
Authors: Krizbai János
Published: October 2024

A szerző a katonai szervezet tradicionális értékei és modern önkéntes haderő értékrendszerekialakításának kérdéseit elemzi. Tanulmányában rámutat fejlesztési irányokra, a szervezetikultúra erősítésének összefüggéseire.
Jemen: Quo vadis? (2. rész)
Authors: Tomolya János
Published: October 2024

Jement az ókorban Boldog Arábiának hívták. Ma, ez az ország polgárháborútól, éhínségtől, járványoktól szenved. Az évek óta tartó válság a világ legnagyobb éhínségének kitörésével fenyeget, otthonok, iskolák, kórházak lerombolását eredményezte egy amúgy is szegény országban. Külföldi hatalmak fegyveres beavatkozása Jement még mélyebb káoszba taszította, és mára felmerült a konfliktus regionális háborúvá válásának veszélye is. Az állandósult hatalmi vákuum lehetőséget adott az al-Kaida és az Iszlám Állam terroristáinak az országon belüli terjeszkedésre. Az iráni támogatású húszi lázadók házilag készített robbanó eszközök (IED) mellett harcászati rakétákat is bevetettek a szaúdiak ellen. A nemzetközi közösség megosztott a válság tekintetében, ezért gyors megoldásra nem lehet számítani.
Jemen: Quo vadis? (3. rész)
Authors: Tomolya János
Published: October 2024

Jement az ókorban Boldog Arábiának hívták. Ma, ez az ország polgárháborútól, éhínségtől, járványoktól szenved. Az évek óta tartó válság a világ legnagyobb éhínségének kitörésével fenyeget, otthonok, iskolák, kórházak lerombolását eredményezte egy amúgy is szegény országban. Külföldi hatalmak fegyveres beavatkozása Jement még mélyebb káoszba taszította, és mára felmerült a konfliktus regionális háborúvá válásának veszélye is. Az állandósult hatalmi vákuum lehetőséget adott az al-Kaida és az Iszlám Állam terroristáinak az országon belüli terjeszkedésre. Az iráni támogatású húszi lázadók házilag készített robbanó eszközök (IED) mellett harcászati rakétákat is bevetettek a szaúdiak ellen. A nemzetközi közösség megosztott a válság tekintetében, ezért gyors megoldásra nem lehet számítani.
Az európai nagyvárosok terrorfenyegetettségének jellemzői az Iszlám Állam megjelenése előtti időszakban
Authors: Horváth Attila
Published: October 2024

A nagyvárosok idilli környezetet jelentenek a terrorcsoportok számára. A magas népsűrűség és beépítettség, a viszonylag könnyen pusztítható célpontok sokasága, a városi létforma, és a kedvező működési feltételek vonzóak a terroristák számára. A tanulmány a nagyvárosok terrorfenyegetettségének jellemzőit vizsgálja az Iszlám Állam megjelenése előtti időszakban.
Megtámasztási megoldások a katasztrófavédelem speciális beavatkozásai során
Authors: Pántya Péter , Szalóki Péter
Published: October 2024

Sok olyan káresemény következik be, melyek során építményekben jelentős szerkezeti károsodás keletkezik és az ott tartózkodó személyek saját erejükből nem képesek kimenekülni. A romosodott épületben rekedt sérültek túlélési esélyei rohamosan csökkennek az idő múlásával, ezért fontos, hogy a mentéshez a szakértelem mellett a megfelelő technikai eszköz is rendelkezésre álljon. A cikk az ilyen kárhelyszíni körülményeket és a műszaki mentési beavatkozás lehetőségeit ismerteti.
A magyar honvédség a hidegháborúidõszakában(1944–1991)
Authors: Horváth Miklós
Published: October 2024

A Magyar Honvédség (Magyar Néphadsereg) 1945 utáni történetét – általánosan elfogadottan – négy korszakra bontva célszerû vizsgálni. Az elsõ az átmeneti, 1944–1948 közötti idõszakban megtörtént a „demokratikus” jelzõvel illetett – valójában 1948-ra a kommunista párt irányította és kontrolálta – honvédség alapjainak megteremtése. Szovjet elvárásoknak, követeléseknek eleget téve 1953-ig tartott a haderõ extenzív növelésének periódusa, amit újabb moszkvai döntésre, 1956-ig a Magyar Néphadsereg drasztikus csökkentésének idõszaka köve-tett. A Magyar Néphadsereg történetének is kiemelten fontos szakasza a forradalom és szabadságharc, majd a megtorlás idõszaka. A tanulmány befejezõ részében – Magyarország szuverenitása korlátozásának, majd függetlenségünk visszaszerzésének folyamatát is érintve –olvashatunk az 1991-ig tartó idõszak témánkal összefüggõ történéseirõl.
A hibrid hadviselés orosz elméletének változása az ukrajnai tapasztalatok tükrében
Authors: Jójárt Krisztián
Published: October 2024

A cikk a hibrid hadviselés elméletének változását járja körül, különös figyelmet szentelve Alekszandr Bartos, orosz hadtudományi gondolkodó munkáinak. Miközben Bartos – más orosz katonai szakértőkhöz hasonlóan – a Nyugatnak tulajdonítja a hibrid hadviselés alkalmazását, megállapításai – jelen tanulmány szerzõje szerint – valójában az ukrajnai háború orosz tapasztalatain alapulnak.
A „Duna”-hadműveletből levont főbb tapasztalatok, tanulságok – ahogy az elöljárók látták - 2. rész
Authors: M. Szabó Miklós
Published: October 2024

Az 50 évvel ezelőtt zajlott csehszlovákiai események történetét ismertnek véve, a Szerző levéltári iratok alapján e folyóirat 2018/1. és 2018/2.számaiban összefoglalta azokat az alapvető tapasztalatokat, amelyeket a végrehajtásban részt vett – különböző szintű – parancsnokok rögzítettek „összegző jelentésben”, még a hadművelet folyamán, 1968. szeptember végén, október elején. Ez követően – a honvédelmi miniszter parancsára – a vezérkar főnöke elrendelte, hogy ezek alapján a Honvédelmi Minisztérium és a Vezérkar vezető szervei, valamint a hadsereg-, hadtest- és hadosztály-parancsnokságok is összegezzék a tapasztalatokat. Ez a munka 1969-ben megtörtént, aminek lényegét a Szerző két részben összefoglalta, s ennek 2. részét közreadja.
Térbe írt (had)történet
Authors: Tulipán Éva
Published: October 2024

A bölcsészet-és társadalomtudományok különböző „fordulatainak”a hadtörténetés hadtudomány számára is pozitív hozadékai lehetnek. Érezhetően nőtt az antropológiai, kulturális emlékezeti szempontok beemelésére, valamint a hadviselés és a hadseregek tevékenységének tágabb szociokulturális összefüggésekbe ágyazására törekvés a kutatásokban. Ebből következően transzdiszciplináris tudományterületek mellett olyan hagyományos aldiszciplínák újra definiálása is megtörtént, mint a katonai földrajz. A tanulmányban a fenti folyamatok hatását és alkalmazási lehetőségeit vizsgálom a hadtörténeti kutatásokban. Felvázolom a különbözőképpen felfogott fizikai-szociális tér és hadsereg közötti viszony elméleti hátterét az újabb angol nyelvű szakirodalom tükrében, és saját kutatásaimból vett példákon (1948-as centenáriumi ünnepségek, 1956-os halottak adatbázisa) illusztrálom az elemzés lehetőségeit.
A LEA-hadművelet
Authors: Harangi-Tóth Zoltán
Published: October 2024

Az indokínai háború során a mai Vietnám északi szegletében csoportosuló kommunista gerillákról általában az a kép él, hogy folyamatos rajtaütésekkel, és lesállásokkal zaklatták a franciákat, majd visszahúzódtak az elérhetetlennek tartott törzsterületükre, a kínai határ közelébe. Ez alátámasztja azt a nézetet, miszerint a gerilla-hadviselést alkalmazó oldalnak, hogy sikert érhessen el, biztos hátországra, szilárd irányítása alatt álló, őt támogató lakosságra van szüksége, különben nem szállhat szembe sikeresen a jellemzően hatalmas haditechnikai és erőforrásbéli fölényben lévő reguláris ellenfelével. A francia hadsereg 1950 előtt egyértelműen ilyen erő volt, amely kezdetben a gyarmati háborúkra jellemző módon csak katonai alakulatok bevetésével igyekezett megtörni az ellenállást. Ennek az erőfölénynek a birtokában, a háború első időszakában a hibásan kialakult közvélekedésre rácáfolva, több műveletet indítottak a Viet Minh biztonságosnak vélt hátországába, amelyek közül összfegyvernemiségével és az érintett terület méretével is kiemelkedik az 1947-es LEA hadművelet.
A biztonság globális és európai összefüggései
Authors: Babos Tibor
Published: October 2024

A tanulmány fókuszában Európai Unió biztonsági összefüggései állnak, kifejtve annak globális és belső vetületeit. Célja, hogy a teljesség igénye nélkül, mégis a prioritásokra való törekvéssel rámutasson azokra a globális és európai kihívásokra, releváns nemzetközi folyamatokra, amelyek meghatározzák, jellemzik vagy befolyásolják Európa biztonságát, védelmi rendszereit. A témakifejtés érdekében a tanulmány először rávilágít a globális biztonság átalakulásának legfontosabb jellemzőire, a fenyegetések természetére és a hatalmi egyensúly változására. A tanulmány második része azokat az európai biztonság szempontjából meghatározó biztonsági trendeket, fenyegetéseket veszi górcső alá, amelyek Európára leginkább befolyással vannak. Az utolsó rész az európai védelmi rendszer aktuális problémáit és ellentmondásait tárgyalja annak érdekében, hogy összességében egy megbízhatóbb képet adjon Európa jelenlegi biztonsági helyzetéről. A tanulmány amellett érvel, hogy az intenzív külső behatások és a súlyos belső feszültségek okán az európai biztonság különös figyelmet érdemel, s azt igyekszik igazolni, hogy a közös európai védelmi képességek jelentős fejlesztése nélkül az Unió elgyöngül, és teljesen kiszolgáltatottá válik már rövid távon is.
Humánpolitikai kihívások NATO-tagságunk múltja és a honvédség jövője szemszögéből – 1. rész
Authors: Jobbágy Zoltán , Krizbai János
Published: October 2024

A tanulmány a NATO-haderők személyi feltételrendszerének kihívásai szemszögéből tekinti át a honvédség humánpolitikai rendszerének elmúlt negyedszázadát. A jövőbe tekintő elemzés hangsúlyos szempontját jelentik azok a kérdések, melyeket a NATO-tagság követelményei orientáltak.
Efeitos da escolaridade na capacidade de fazer inferência
Authors: Palinha Katia de Matos , Mota Márcia Maria Peruzzi Elia da
Published: October 2024

A habilidade inferencial envolve conectar informações que faltam no texto de forma apropriada, sendo essencial para a compreensão. Fatores relacionados tanto ao leitor quanto ao texto podem afetá-la. Este estudo investiga dois deles: a progressão escolar e o tipo da inferência. Assim, este estudo teve por objetivo analisar as possíveis diferenças de escolarização entre os tipos de inferências em estudantes do 4º e 5º anos do Ensino Fundamental. A amostra é composta por 112 estudantes, que responderam a 12 perguntas inferenciais de estado, previsão e causa (quatro de cada tipo). As respostas das crianças foram categorizadas por dois juízes, um terceiro juiz analisou as discordâncias. Em seguida, aplicou-se o Kappa ponderado para as concordâncias (quase perfeita) e o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (excelente). Os resultados da MANOVA demonstraram que apenas a inferência de previsão apresentou diferença estatisticamente significativa entre os grupos de 4º e 5º ano (F (1; 110) = 6,733; p = 0,011), após correção de Bonferroni. Implicações educacionais são discutidas, com relação ao desenvolvimento da compreensão textual, bem como algumas dificuldades apresentadas pelas crianças em lidar com diferentes tipos de inferências. Esses resultados trazem novas contribuições para a literatura. No âmbito educacional, pode fomentar discussões e nortear a prática a respeito da compreensão de textos.
A leitura compartilhada como instrumento de desenvolvimento da compreensão textual de alunos do 3º ano do Ensino Fundamental
Authors: Leite Jan Edson Rodrigues , Luna Morgana Farias de
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo é resultado de uma pesquisa realizada com alunos do 3º ano do ensino fundamental dos anos iniciais de uma escola pública em João Pessoa (PB). Tendo como propósito investigar os efeitos da leitura compartilhada na compreensão leitora dos alunos,  partimos da hipótese de que quando a criança é envolvida na prática de leitura compartilhada, suas habilidades linguístico-cognitivas para as tarefas de compreensão de textos se expandem consideravelmente. A problemática do presente trabalho baseia-se na seguinte indagação: de que forma a leitura compartilhada, como prática pedagógica, pode afetar o desenvolvimento  das habilidades cognitivas necessárias à compreensão de leitura em crianças do terceiro ano do ensino fundamental? Para responder à essa questão realizamos uma pesquisa quali-quantitativa com dois grupos de alunos, na qual aplicamos atividades de leitura compartilhada e de interpretação de quatro textos, analisando algumas habilidades da BNCC referentes à interpretação do texto: i) localizar informações explícitas em textos – EF15LP03; ii) inferir informações implícitas nos textos lidos – EF35LP04; iii) inferir o sentido de palavras ou expressões desconhecidas em textos, com base no contexto da frase ou do texto – EF35LPO5; e iv) opinar e defender ponto de vista sobre tema polêmico relacionado a situações vivenciadas na escola e/ou na comunidade, utilizando registro formal e estrutura adequada à argumentação, considerando a situação comunicativa e o tema/assunto do texto – EF35LP15. As duas turmas foram submetidas a diferentes práticas de leitura, sendo que a turma A (controle) realizou a leitura da maneira convencional e a turma B (experimental) foi submetida à prática da leitura compartilhada. Ambas as turmas responderam aos mesmos testes de compreensão textual após as atividades de leitura. Os dados gerados após as análises dos resultados das atividades de interpretação de texto, indicaram que a turma (B) experimental  apresentou melhor desempenho geral em relação à turma (A) controle, no desenvolvimento das quatro habilidades testadas (EF15LP03; EF35LP04; EF35LPO5 e EF35LP15).
Contação de histórias: contribuições da leitura de textos literários para o letramento
Authors: Zappone Mirian Hisae Yaegashi , De Sousa Thais Fernanda , De Sousa Isabelly Oliveria Fernandes
Published: October 2024

A realização de práticas de letramento, ou seja, de práticas sociais que envolvam a leitura e a escrita, é fundamental para o desenvolvimento dos processos de aprendizagem escolar nos anos iniciais e seguintes. Para que o ensino nas séries iniciais seja efetivo, para tanto, há necessidade de que família e escola favoreçam diferentes práticas de letramento oportunos à formação acadêmica e social do indivíduo. Os estudos de Shirley Heath (1982), por exemplo, defendem que a contação de histórias constitui evento de letramento fundamental para o desenvolvimento de habilidades cognitivas relevantes nas primeiras séries escolares. Tendo como base este estudo, este artigo objetiva demonstrar, por meio de levantamento de dados feito com contadores de história associado a dados de pesquisa realizada por Heath (1982), o quanto essa prática de leitura pode favorecer o desenvolvimento escolar. Nesse sentido, o ambiente escolar pode ser um espaço importante para suprir práticas de letramento de grupos minoritários que não têm a oportunidade de ofertar um ambiente letrado aos filhos. Por isso, a análise do letramento escolar permite compreender seu papel na inclusão social para mitigar desvantagens escolares advindas da pertença social de muitos estudantes – com o intuito de que crianças não favorecidas com ambientes onde as práticas de letramento são desenvolvidas tenham a possibilidade de participar ativamente na escola e na  sociedade.
Mortalidade Feminina por Agressão do Tipo Íntima em Sergipe: Análise Temporal (2015 a 2022)
Authors: Soares de Lima Naynne , Marques Santiago Bianca , Ribeiro Lopes Juliana , Amaral Regiane Cristina do
Published: October 2024

O objetivo do presente estudo foi traçar o perfil epidemiológico das mulheres que foram mortas por agressão, do tipo íntima, durante o período de 2015 a 2022, registradas no Instituto Médico Legal de Sergipe (IML). Foram analisados casos que se configuravam como agressão íntima. Análises de série temporal foram utilizadas para verificar a tendência ao longo dos anos. Foram analisados 1821 laudos periciais e encontrados 108 casos de morte por agressão do tipo íntima. A maioria dos casos aconteceu por meio de arma branca (44%), seguido por arma de fogo (31%). A idade média das vítimas foi de 33,5 (± 12,8) anos, variando de 14 a 71 anos. Dentre os municípios de residência, 15% das vítimas eram de Aracaju, capital de Sergipe, 12% de Itabaiana e 8% de Nossa Senhora do Socorro, municípios próximos da capital. Em 99% dos casos, o local do óbito foi a residência da vítima. Ao se analisar a Variação Percentual Anual (VPA) de mortalidade, esta apresentou-se crescente no período analisado. Assim, pode-se observar que a violência por agressão íntima contra mulheres em Sergipe, no período de 2015 a 2022, traz uma situação crescente. A análise dos dados do Instituto Médico Legal apresentou que, durante esse período, ocorreram 108 casos de morte por agressão íntima, com a maioria das vítimas sendo jovens, com uma média de idade de 33,5 anos. As armas brancas e de fogo foram as principais causas de morte, e a maioria dos crimes aconteceu nas residências das vítimas.
Binomial tree broadcast in remote memory access model
Authors:   Saint Petersburg Electrotechnical University “LETI”, Paznikov Alexey A.
Published: October 2024

This article introduces a broadcast (one-to-all scheme) algorithm, designed to enhance the efficiency of utilizing Remote Memory Access (RMA), a one-sided communication model within the MPI standard, for parallel programming in distributed computing systems. The algorithm leverages a binomial tree structure to organize interprocess interactions, a scheme widely employed for classic collective operations within the MPI standard. With logarithmic complexity, this algorithm proves to be more efficient than linear counterparts. The article also provides analytical complexity estimates within the LogP and LogGP models. Experimental results confirm the algorithm's advantages, although the ultimate efficiency depends on several factors, including the number of processes in the communicator, data transmission size, and the performance of the interconnect.
Combined estimates of linear functional with a priori guess on the parametric class of distributions
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Dmitriev Yury G. , Koshkin Gennady M. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The problem of estimating a linear functional from an unknown distribution, which expresses a certain numerical characteristic of an observed random variable, is considered. It is assumed that the researcher, based on his experience and knowledge, can make an assumption about the admissibility of a particular parametric class of distributions when estimating the functional. This assumption is usually called an a priori guess. This article proposes adaptive estimates of the linear functional that take into account an a priori guess about the parametric class of distributions. The resulting asymptotic distributions of such estimates made it possible to study the influence of an a priori guess on the accuracy of estimation analytically.
Filtering in discrete systems with random and interval parameters
Authors:   National Research Tomsk State University, Smagin Valery I. , Kim Konstantin S. ,   National Research Tomsk State University, Zykov Vladimir A. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: October 2024

The problem of filtering for a discrete object with random and interval parameters is considered. Random parameters in the model are set as Gaussian random sequences. To represent interval parameters, a probabilistic approach is used, which is based on replacing interval-type parameters with independent random variables with a uniform distribution. Recurrent Kalman filtering algorithms are used. The simulation results are presented.
Tackling Social Inequality in the City of Porto, Northern Portugal: Grassroots Horticultural Practices and the Desired City
Authors: Mota Santos Paula
Published: October 2024

Grassroots urban horticultural plots (hortas), part of the Porto Metropolitan Area in Northern Portugal, are presented as liminal spaces that hold a richness of community life and a “gift economy.” Often in existence for several decades and encompassing groups of over 20 or 30 people, these informal communities are, nevertheless, not cherished by the instances of city governance that do not stand in the way of the destruction of these low‐income urbanite horticultural communities. The use of de Certeau’s concepts of “strategy” and “tactics” are used to try and explain this incompatibility between these two forms of urban (self) governance that hinders the right to the city by the low‐income urbanites who have created these horticultural grassroots communities.
Methodological Issues in Pollen Analysis of Pleistocene Deposits in Denisova Cave
Authors: Bolikhovskaya N. S. , Shunkov M. V.
Published: October 2024

Denisova Cave, in the northwestern Altai, is a key Paleolithic complex in North Asia. Pleistocene deposits in the cave contain lithic industries and human fossils documenting the evolution of the cultural traditions of Denisovans in the second half of the Middle and in the Upper Pleistocene. This study addresses methodological issues in paleogeographic interpretation of pollen records relating to Quaternary deposits of cave sites. We present the results of the analysis of recent and subrecent spectra of cave sediments and soil samples taken at sites of characteristic plant communities in natural zones of the Anui River valley near Denisova Cave. Findin gs from taphonomic study of pollen microremains from loose sediments in the East Chamber of the cave make it possible to obtain a correct climato-stratigraphic and climato-phytocenotic interpretation of pollen spectra from Pleistocene deposits in Denisova Cave.
Textiles from the Ust-Voikary Hillfort Site (Based on Materials from 2012–2016 Excavations)
Authors: Novikov A. V. , Senyurina Y. A.
Published: October 2024

The article describes 366 samples of clothing (some of them attributable), collected in 2012–2016 from cultural layers of the 15th to middle 18th centuries at the Ust-Voikary hillfort site in the subarctic zone of Western Siberia. We provide technological characteristics: size, state of preservation, color, properties of threads and fibers, interlacing system, technological errors, cut, and traces of repair. Both animal and plant fibers are present, and plain and twill weaving are attested. Ethnographic and zoological data provide information on the textile technologies used by residents of the polar zone of Western Siberia, and allow us to compare them with those known from other sites. We conclude that types of textiles for clothing remained virtually the same from the 15th to the 18th centuries. Fabrics, mostly woolen, were imported.
Principal Results of the Project Implemented by the Research and Educational Center for Altaic and Turkic Studies “Greater Altai”
Authors: Zemlyukov S. V. , Grushin S. P.
Published: October 2024

We outline the result of collaboration by a team of more than sixty researchers from 22 Russian and 13 foreign institutions under the project implemented by the Research and Educational Center for Altaic and Turkic Studies “Greater Altai” in 2022–2023. Six archaeological and four ethnographic expeditions were carried out in the Russian Federation, the Republic of Kazakhstan, and the Kyrgyz Republic. Findings concern the origin of the Turkic ethno-cultural complex and its spread across Central Asia. Archaeological surveys revealed new sites, many of which were excavated, and some were included in the museum projects. Extensive photographic and volumetric documentation was conducted. In the course of ethnographic expeditions, Turkic epic texts were collected, many elements of traditional culture were revealed, showing parallels between Altaic and Kyrgyzian traditions. Also ethnographic parallels were documented between Slavic and Turkic cultures of the Greater Altai. These were used to elaborate the concept of Slavo-Turkic unity, which has both theoretical and practical implications.
Use of orthoses in complex rehabilitation of children that have underwent oncological arthroplasty
Authors: Petrichenko Anna V. , Ivanova Evgeniya A. , Shavyrin Ilya A. , Bukreeva Elena A. , Kurdyukov Boris V. , Savlaev Kazbek F. , Ochkurenko Aleksandr A. , Ivanova Nadezhda M.
Published: October 2024

Background: The urgency of medical rehabilitation for children with bone sarcoma is extremely high due to the significant impact on a socially important population and the increasing life expectancy of patients with bone sarcomas, leading to long-term orthopedic complications. This necessitates the development of highly effective, comprehensive programs not only for treatment but also for rehabilitation.
AIM: Maximizing the recovery of residual quality of life abilities in children with bone sarcomas through the use of orthoses during various perioperative periods.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included 61 patients with bone tumors who underwent anti-tumor treatment and surgical intervention involving tumor removal with endoprosthesis implantation. Medical rehabilitation began from the moment of diagnosis and was conducted throughout all periods of anti-tumor therapy to help patients adapt to the treatment, restore functions in the postoperative period, and during remission, as well as to minimize the effects of aggressive specialized treatment.
RESULTS: The functional outcome was assessed using the international MSTS scale. Limb function according to the MSTS scale was evaluated 12 and 24 months after surgery. No unsatisfactory results were observed. Functional outcomes improved over the course of 24 months.
CONCLUSION: A dynamically evolving individualized rehabilitation program for children with bone sarcomas is necessary, tailored to the patient's condition and needs at the time of observation, along with personalized selection of orthoses and timely surgical correction of orthopedic consequences, which should be performed in orthopedic specialized hospitals.
Bone autograft collapse. Clinical case of the complication and clinical case of the solutions to this problem
Authors: Chebotarev Vitaliy V. , Ochkurenko Aleksandr A. , Korobushkin Gleb V.
Published: October 2024

BACKGROUND: The issue of full-thickness osteochondral defect replacement in the talus is highly relevant. Bone autografting has proven effective in treating patients with this pathology, but the method has its drawbacks. The implantation of two or more bone autografts in large osteochondral defects may result in reduced contact strength between the donor bone and the recipient’s surrounding bone, leading to the formation of cysts and autograft instability.
Clinical cases description: We present two clinical cases for your consideration. In the first case, chondroplasty of the talus was performed with mosaic implantation of bone autografts. Six months later, due to instability of the bone autograft accompanied by pain, ankle joint arthrodesis was performed. Six months postoperatively, the pain score on the VAS scale decreased from 7/10 to 3/10, the AOFAS score was 74/100, and the FAAM score was 70/84. In the second clinical case, a modified mosaic chondroplasty using AMIC technology with provisional fixation of bone autografts with a pin was performed. Six months later, CT scans showed osteointegration of the bone autografts without the formation of subchondral cysts. The questionnaires also demonstrated positive dynamics: the VAS score decreased from 7/10 to 1/10, the AOFAS score improved from 70/100 to 90/100, and the FAAM score increased from 72/100 to 83/84.
CONCLUSION: The leading criterion for a successful bone autograft procedure is the stability of the autograft, which is achieved through adequate graft length and secure fixation. The proposed method of provisional fixation of the bone autograft with a pin during mosaic chondroplasty is a reproducible, effective, and cost-efficient technique that ensures the stability of the bone autograft and maintains its press-fit contact with the talus.
Kyphoscoliotic spinal deformities associated with high risk of developing neurological deficits. Literature review
Authors: Nazarenko Anton G. , Kuleshov Alexander A. , Militsa Igor M. , Vetrile Marchel S. , Lisyansky Igor N. , Makarov Sergey N.
Published: October 2024

This is a literature review on kyphoscoliotic deformities with a high risk of severe primary neurological deficit. The review is integrative in nature and was conducted using medical literature databases and search resources such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLibrary. The following aspects are covered: the etiology and pathogenesis of neurological deficits caused by the natural progression of deformities, the main principles, and directions of surgical treatment for neurologically complicated spinal deformities. The scientific literature describes the primary mechanisms of neurological deficit development: mechanical compression and traction of the spinal cord, as well as impaired circulation at the apex of the deformity. Surgical methods for treating neurologically complicated kyphotic and scoliotic deformities have evolved with advancements in spinal instrumentation and approaches. In the first half of the 20th century, various spinal canal decompression methods were described, including laminectomy, costotransversectomy, spinal cord mobilization, and spinal canal remodeling. In the second half of the 20th century, the development and active use of spinal instrumentation (sublaminar hooks, pedicle screws) enabled simultaneous decompression, fixation, stabilization, and correction of spinal deformities. Combining different stabilization and deformity correction methods with concurrent spinal canal decompression creates the conditions for restoring spinal cord function, leading to a regression of neurological deficits and preventing severe patient disability.
Surgical treatment of L5 spondylolysis in an athlete using custom-made implant
Authors: Vetrile Marchel S. , Kuleshov Alexander A. , Makarov Sergey N. , Lisyansky Igor N. , Zakharin Vitaly R. , Kokorev Alexey I. , Aganesov Nikolay A.
Published: October 2024

Background: Spondylolysis is one of the most common causes of lower back pain in children and adolescents who are professionally involved in sports. It is noted that spondylolysis is observed more often when practicing a number of sports that are associated with repeated axial load and/or hyperextension of the lumbar spine with rotation. In most cases, the treatment of spondylolysis, including cases of its occurrence in professional athletes, is conservative. Surgical treatment is indicated only if conservative treatment is ineffective or if symptoms progress. One of the most common methods of surgical treatment of spondylolysis is to restore the integrity of the arch using various metal structures. The use of additive methods for the manufacture of individual implants currently allows the manufacture of personalized implants with a number of advantages. The article describes the first experience of using an individual implant for surgical treatment of spondylolysis and provides a brief review of the literature.
Clinical case description: A clinical case is presented involving the treatment of a 16-year-old female patient who is a professional gymnast. The report includes a description of the patient’s medical history, clinical manifestations, and specialized diagnostic methods. The preoperative planning, design of a custom implant, the surgical procedure, and long-term treatment outcomes are detailed. A brief literature review highlights the results of conservative treatment, the main indications and methods of surgical therapy for spondylolysis, and justifies the use of a custom-made implant for its surgical treatment.
CONCLUSION: For the surgical treatment of L5 spondylolysis and restoration of vertebral arch integrity without limiting motion on L5-S1 level, the use of a custom-made implant is possible. The use of customized implants may improve outcomes in cases where spondylolysis is combined with abnormalities and individual characteristics of the vertebral bone structures, including the patient’s sports activity.
Technological Sovereignty and Economic Interests
Authors:   Central Economics and Mathematics Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Dementiev Victor E.
Published: October 2024

Issues of technological sovereignty and strategic independence of the country are most often discussed from the standpoint of the realization of national interests. However, business has its own ambitions, its own ideas about the rational use of available resources and opportunities. The need to build partnerships between the state and business, to coordinate their economic interests, gives an institutional character to the problem of strengthening the technological sovereignty of the country. Institutional support is also necessary when combining the efforts of friendly countries in order to jointly achieve strategic autonomy. The development of measures to increase technological sovereignty involves the allocation of those links in the supply chains, without localization of which there is a high risk of being the object of external manipulation. Special attention is paid in the article to the choice of critical technologies, since it is influenced by narrow economic interests and the promotion of less significant technological areas by interested parties. It is shown that although the Russian economy has successfully adapted to the sanctions pressure, data on the structure of imports indicate the inertia of the country's technosphere. An analysis of the composition of Russian advisory bodies to determine the priority directions of scientific and technological development allows us to conclude that in the search for ways to strengthen the technological sovereignty of the country, not so much public-private as public-public partnership is being implemented. Various strategic measures aimed at updating the model of Russia's economic development do not remove the transition to a full-scale indicative planning system from the agenda.