bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Protected Means Armed”: Perspectives on Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Among Women Who Engage in Sex Work and Use Drugs in Kazakhstan
Authors: McCrimmon Tara , Frye Victoria , Darisheva Meruyert , Starbird Laura , Cordingley Olivia , Terlikbayeva Assel , Primbetova Sholpan , Gilbert Louisa , El-Bassel Nabila , West Brooke S.
Published: October 2023

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) for HIV prevention has recently become available in Kazakhstan, but women engaged in sex work who use drugs (WESW-UD) could benefit from tailored approaches to support uptake and adherence. To better understand how best to support WESW-UD at each stage of the PrEP continuum (awareness, acceptability, uptake, and adherence), we analyzed data from 30 in-depth interviews and four focus groups with 48 WESW-UD from two cities in Kazakhstan. We conducted thematic analysis to characterize perceptions, barriers, and motivators within each step of the PrEP continuum. Participants reported low awareness, but high interest in PrEP. Motivating factors included optimizing health and increased confidence. Participants expressed many preferences and concerns regarding PrEP modality and delivery. Participants also described how organizational mistrust and social support can prevent or facilitate PrEP uptake or adherence. Kazakhstan's scale-up of PrEP should consider the needs and preferences of WESW-UD to ensure equitable access.
β-Adrenergic Signaling Promotes Morphological Maturation of Astrocytes in Female Mice
Authors: Rosenberg Marci F. , Godoy Marlesa I. , Wade Sarah D. , Paredes Mercedes F. , Zhang Ye , Molofsky Anna V.
Published: October 2023

Astrocytes play essential roles in the developing nervous system, including supporting synapse function. These astrocyte support functions emerge coincident with brain maturation and may be tailored in a region-specific manner. For example, gray matter astrocytes have elaborate synapse-associated processes and are morphologically and molecularly distinct from white matter astrocytes. This raises the question of whether there are unique environmental cues that promote gray matter astrocyte identity and synaptogenic function. We previously identified adrenergic receptors as preferentially enriched in developing gray versus white matter astrocytes, suggesting that noradrenergic signaling could be a cue that promotes the functional maturation of gray matter astrocytes. We first characterized noradrenergic projections during postnatal brain development in mouse and human, finding that process density was higher in the gray matter and increased concurrently with astrocyte maturation. RNA sequencing revealed that astrocytes in both species expressed α- and β-adrenergic receptors. We found that stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors increased primary branching of rodent astrocytesin vitro. Conversely, astrocyte-conditional knockout of the β1-adrenergic receptor reduced the size of gray matter astrocytes and led to dysregulated sensorimotor integration in female mice. These studies suggest that adrenergic signaling to developing astrocytes impacts their morphology and has implications for adult behavior, particularly in female animals. More broadly, they demonstrate a mechanism through which environmental cues impact astrocyte development. Given the key roles of norepinephrine in brain states, such as arousal, stress, and learning, these findings could prompt further inquiry into how developmental stressors impact astrocyte development and adult brain function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThis study demonstrates a role for noradrenergic signaling in the development of gray matter astrocytes. We provide new evidence that the β1-adrenergic receptor is robustly expressed by both mouse and human astrocytes, and that conditional KO of the β1-adrenergic receptor from female mouse astrocytes impairs gray matter astrocyte maturation. Moreover, female conditional KO mice exhibit behavioral deficits in two paradigms that test sensorimotor function. Given the emerging interest in moving beyond RNA sequencing to probe specific pathways that underlie astrocyte heterogeneity, this study provides a foundation for future investigation into the effect of noradrenergic signaling on astrocyte functions in conditions where noradrenergic signaling is altered, such as stress, arousal, and learning.
Distinct ACC Neural Mechanisms Underlie Authentic and Transmitted Anxiety Induced by Maternal Separation in Mice
Authors: Jiang Jinxiang , Tan Shuyi , Feng Xiaoyi , Peng Yigang , Long Cheng , Yang Li
Published: October 2023

It is known that humans and rodents are capable of transmitting stress to their naive partners via social interaction. However, a comprehensive understanding of transmitted stress, which may differ from authentic stress, thus revealing unique neural mechanisms of social interaction resulting from transmitted stress and the associated anxiety, is missing. We used, in the present study, maternal separation (MS) as a stress model to investigate whether MS causes abnormal behavior in adolescence. A key concern in the analysis of stress transmission is whether the littermates of MS mice who only witness MS stress (“Partners”) exhibit behavioral abnormalities similar to those of MS mice themselves. Of special interest is the establishment of the neural mechanisms underlying transmitted stress and authentic stress. The results show that Partners, similar to MS mice, exhibit anxiety-like behavior and hyperalgesia after witnessing littermates being subjected to early-life repetitive MS. Electrophysiological analysis revealed that mice subjected to MS demonstrate a reduction in both the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic activities of parvalbumin interneurons (PVINs) in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). However, Partners differed from MS mice in showing an increase in the number and excitability of GABAergic PVINs in the ACC and in the ability of chemogenetic PVIN inactivation to eliminate abnormal behavior. Furthermore, the social transfer of anxiety-like behavior required intact olfactory, but not visual, perception. This study suggests a functional involvement of ACC PVINs in mediating the distinct neural basis of transmitted anxiety.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTThe anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) is a critical brain area in physical and social pain and contributes to the exhibition of abnormal behavior. ACC glutamatergic neurons have been shown to encode transmitted stress, but it remains unclear whether inhibitory ACC neurons also play a role. We evaluate, in this study, ACC neuronal, synaptic and network activities and uncover a critical role of parvalbumin interneurons (PVINs) in the expression of transmitted stress in adolescent mice who had witnessed MS of littermates in infancy. Furthermore, inactivation of ACC PVINs blocks transmitted stress. The results suggest that emotional contagion has a severe effect on brain function, and identify a potential target for the treatment of transmitted anxiety.
Complex Synaptic and Intrinsic Interactions Disrupt Input/Output Functions in the Hippocampus ofScn1bKnock-Out Mice
Authors: Chancey Jessica Hotard , Ahmed Alisha A. , Guillén Fernando Isaac , Ghatpande Vighnesh , Howard MacKenzie A.
Published: October 2023

Pathogenic variants inSCN1Bhave been linked to severe developmental epileptic encephalopathies including Dravet syndrome.Scn1bknock-out (KO) mice modelSCN1Bloss-of-function (LOF) disorders, demonstrating seizures, developmental delays, and early death.SCN1Bencodes the protein β1, an ion channel auxiliary subunit that also has roles in cell adhesion, neurite outgrowth, and gene expression. The goal of this project is to better understand of how loss ofScn1balters information processing in the brain, resulting in seizures and associated cognitive dysfunction. Using slice electrophysiology in the CA1 region of the hippocampus from male and femaleScn1bKO mice and wild-type (WT) littermates, we found that processing of physiologically relevant patterned Schaffer collateral (SC) stimulation produces larger, prolonged depolarizations and increased spiking in KO neurons compared with WTs. KO neurons exhibit enhanced intrinsic excitability, firing more action potentials with current injection. Interestingly, SC stimulation produces smaller, more facilitating excitatory and IPSCs in KO pyramidal neurons, but larger postsynaptic potentials (PSPs) with the same stimulation. We also found reduced intrinsic firing of parvalbumin (PV)-expressing interneurons and disrupted recruitment of both parvalbumin-expressing and somatostatin (SST)-expressing interneurons in response to patterned synaptic stimulation. Neuronal information processing relies on the interplay between synaptic properties, intrinsic properties that amplify or suppress incoming synaptic signals, and firing properties that produce cellular output. We found changes at each of these levels inScn1bKO pyramidal neurons, resulting in fundamentally altered cellular information processing in the hippocampus that likely contributes to the complex phenotypes ofSCN1B-linked epileptic encephalopathies.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTGenetic developmental epileptic encephalopathies have limited treatment options, in part because of our lack of understanding of how genetic changes result in dysfunction at the cellular and circuit levels.SCN1Bis a gene linked to Dravet syndrome and other developmental epileptic encephalopathies, andScn1bknock-out (KO) mice phenocopy the human disease, allowing us to study underlying neurophysiological changes. Here, we found changes at all levels of neuronal information processing in brains lackingScn1b, including intrinsic excitability, synaptic properties, and synaptic integration, resulting in greatly enhanced input/output functions of the hippocampus. Our study shows that loss ofScn1bresults in a complex array of cellular and network changes that fundamentally alters information processing in the hippocampus.
Proteome profiling of early gestational plasma reveals novel biomarkers of congenital heart disease
Authors: Yin Ya‐Nan , Cao Li , Wang Jie , Chen Yu‐Ling , Yang Hai‐Ou , Tan Su‐Bei , Cai Ke , Chen Zhe‐Qi , Xiang Jie , Yang Yuan‐Xin , Geng Hao‐Ran , Zhou Ze‐Yu , Shen An‐Na , Zhou Xiang‐Yu , Shi Yan , Zhao Rui , Sun Kun , Ding Chen , Zhao Jian‐Yuan
Published: October 2023

Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease (CHD) relies primarily on fetal echocardiography conducted at mid‐gestational age—the sensitivity of which varies among centers and practitioners. An objective method for early diagnosis is needed. Here, we conducted a case–control study recruiting 103 pregnant women with healthy offspring and 104 cases with CHD offspring, including VSD (42/104), ASD (20/104), and other CHD phenotypes. Plasma was collected during the first trimester and proteomic analysis was performed. Principal component analysis revealed considerable differences between the controls and the CHDs. Among the significantly altered proteins, 25 upregulated proteins in CHDs were enriched in amino acid metabolism, extracellular matrix receptor, and actin skeleton regulation, whereas 49 downregulated proteins were enriched in carbohydrate metabolism, cardiac muscle contraction, and cardiomyopathy. The machine learning model reached an area under the curve of 0.964 and was highly accurate in recognizing CHDs. This study provides a highly valuable proteomics resource to better recognize the cause of CHD and has developed a reliable objective method for the early recognition of CHD, facilitating early intervention and better prognosis.
The Landscape Changes in Mento Toelakan Plantation, 1863-1950s
Authors: Pradita Dennys , Wardhana Adi Putra Surya
Published: October 2023

This research studies the landscape change of Mento Toelakan Plantation in Wonogiri(Periode). Mento Toelakan was a private plantation located in the Duchy of Mangkunegaran. The existence of this plantation was a sign of the triumph of the liberal economic era. This research used a historical method, landscape, and environmental history approach. Several problems discussed were (1) the causes of the Mento Toelakan area experiencing the landscape change, (2) the forms of landscape change, and (3) the impact of the landscape change in Mento Toelakan Plantation Periode. The results showed that the landscape at the Mento Toelakan Plantation underwent landscape changes in several stages. The reason was the rented land by European investors and the political dynamics after the end of Dutch colonialism. First, land rent converted forest areas in Mento Toelakan into plantations. Second, coffee cultivation introduced the local society to coffee culture. Third, changing coffee plantations to agave plantations introduced the local community to natural fiber processing. Fourth, the Japanese military occupation used Mento Toelakan land for military purposes. Finally, the Mento Toelakan plantation was taken over by the village community to become dry land and rice fields in the independence era. This indicates that many factors, such as capitalism, politics, human activities, and nature itself, influenced the changing landscape of Mento Toelakan.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji perubahan lanskap Perkebunan Mento Toelakan di Wonogiri 1863-1950-an. Mento Toelakan merupakan perkebunan swasta yang berada di wilayah Kadipaten Mangkunegaran. Keberadaan perkebunan ini menjadi tanda kejayaan era ekonomi liberal. Eksploitasi modal asing memengaruhi perubahan lanskap di wilayah Mento Toelakan, Wonogiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode sejarah dan pendekatan lanskap dan sejarah lingkungan. Beberapa permasalahan yang dibahas adalah (1) penyebab area Mento Toelakan mengalami perubahan lanskap, (2) bentuk perubahan lanskap, (3) dan dampak perubahan lanskap Perkebunan Mento Toelakan 1863-1950-an(Periode) Hasil penelitian menunjukkan lanskap di Perkebunan Mento Toelakan mengalami perubahan lanskap dalam beberapa  tahap. Penyebabnya adalah penyewaan lahan oleh pemodal swasta dan dinamika politik pasca berakhirnya kolonialisme Belanda. Pertama, sewa tanah yang dilakukan pemodal swasta mengubah area hutan di Mento Toelakan menjadi perkebunan. Kedua, budidaya kopi mengenalkan masyarakat dengan budaya kopi. Ketiga, mengubah perkebunan kopi menjadi perkebunan agave telah mengenalkan masyarakat dengan pengolahan serat alam. Keempat, pemerintah militer Jepang memanfaatkan lahan untuk kepentingan militer. Terakhir, perkebunan Mento Toelakan diambil alih oleh masyarakat desa sehingga menjadi tanah-tanah tegalan dan sawah pada era kemerdekaan. Dengan demikian, perubahan lanskap Mento Toelakan dipengaruhi oleh banyak faktor, seperti kapitalisme, politik, ulah manusia, dan alam itu sendiri.
Variación temporal de la densidad y aspectos ecológicos del ictioplancton en la zona epipelágica de la fosa de Cariaco, Venezuela
Authors: Rondón-Ramos Mariana , López-Marcano Juan , Núñez-Peñalver José , Marín-Espinoza† Baumar
Published: October 2023

Se describió la composición y los aspectos ecológicos de las larvas de peces presentes en la fosa de Cariaco, Venezuela. Se realizaron 7 campañas, mediante las cuales se colectaron muestras planctónicas entre octubre de 2012 y diciembre de 2013. Se utilizó una red cónica estándar de ahorque de 35 cm de diámetro de boca y poro de 300 micras. Los calados se efectuaron de manera horizontal, a una profundidad de 20 metros, con una duración de 15 minutos, a una velocidad de 2 nudos. Se obtuvo 322 larvas de peces: en 16 órdenes, 20 familias y 28 especies. Las familias Carangidae y Gobiidae presentaron mayor número de especies, con 6 y 3, respectivamente; mientras, Bregmacerotidae fue la que contribuyó con mayor densidad de organismos (53.29 org/100 m3), y constituyó la especie con mayor abundancia relativa Bregmaceros cantori, con un 29.81%. En general, la diversidad mensual resultó baja, con valores entre 0 y 1.55 bits/ind; no difirió estadísticamente entre meses (KW = 7.604; P = 0.2686). La riqueza de especies entre 0 y 2.06 tampoco presentó diferencias entre los meses (KW = 7.0927; P = 0.3124). El ictioplancton de la fosa de Cariaco estuvo dominado, principalmente, por familias de peces mesopelágicos como Bregmacerotidae y Myctophidae. De las 28 especies identificadas, el 54% es de interés comercial para el país, lo que proporciona valor adicional a la fosa de Cariaco.
Comparison of Eating Habits and Behaviors of Young Single-Person Households based on Food-Related Lifestyle
Authors: Kim Dokyung , Lee Sim-Yeol
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to investigate the dietary habit problems related to lifestyle by analyzing health behaviors and dietary habits in Korean young adults.Adults aged 20≥ and ≥39 years single-person households who participated in the survey were included in the study. Subjects were classified into food related lifestyle. Subsequently, characteristics, health behaviors, dietary habits were analyzed.The participants of the study were classified into five types: a ‘taste-type’, an ‘economy-type’, a ‘convenience-type’, a ‘health-type’, and a ‘safety-type’. As a result of comparing eating habits by food-related lifestyles, the ‘economy-type’ showed the highest dietary assessment with a score of 3.18, while the ‘safety-type’ ranked the lowest, a score of 2.54. The ‘economy-type’ scored highest they ate out less, cooked more, suggesting a need for nutritious cooking classes. The ‘health-type’, with more men and price-conscious individuals, sought healthier convenience options. The ‘taste-type’ preferred food delivery and dining out, needing balanced menus. In contrast, the ‘convenience-type’ overate, scoring low in habits, emphasizing the need for healthier menus and support. The ‘safety-type’ which has a high percentage of jobs in the service industry and high school graduates, showed the need for policy support for better diet.Young single-person households have different dietary problems depending on their food-related lifestyle. Therefore, we recommended for the customized dietary education considering the characteristics of each type.
Lietuviškojo tapatumo apraiškos grįžusių iš užsienio vaikų sakytinės kalbos tekstyne
Authors: Gaidienė Anželika , Tamulionienė Aurelija
Published: October 2023

The aim of the article is to analyse the spoken corpus samples with the lexemes Lietuva, lietuvis, lietuviškas and lietuviškai of the repatriated children and to show how the children's Lithuanian identity expressed through the use of these lexemes. The aim of the research was to explore the perception of Lithuania among the repatriated children, what they (dis)like in Lithuania, what characteristics of Lithuania, Lithuanians, etc., they identify, etc. The research material consists of data from 73 children (aged 8-12). Examples of these lexemes were collected from the first part of the semi-structured interview "warm-up", in which the pupils introduced themselves, talked about their family, friends, place of residence, etc. In this part of the interview, the children were also asked what they like in Lithuania, what they don't like and why. The analysis of the examples found showed that the Lithuanian identity of the repatriated children is most broadly expressed through social and cultural aspects. This significantly points to factors important for adaptation.
Modern views on the use of physical therapy with arterial hypotension
Authors:   Kharkiv .State Academy of Physical Culture, Lomovtseva M.A. , Kalmykova Yu.S. ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, Dugina L.V. ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture
Published: October 2023

Purpose: to characterize the use of the main means of physical therapy in arterial hypotension. Material and methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of modern scientific literature in the application of rehabilitation means of arterial hypotension. Results: the main non-pharmacological measures for the treatment of arterial hypotension are considered. Conclusions: in order to stabilize blood pressure and achieve long-term remission, the treatment of arterial hypotension should have a comprehensive approach in the selection of methods and rehabilitation of patients, such as drug therapy; phytotherapy; diet therapy; physiotherapy; exercise therapy; therapeutic massage, occupational therapy; observing a gentle psycho-emotional regime.
Analysis of modern means of physical therapy in chronic noncalculous cholecystitis
Authors:   Kharkiv .State Academy of Physical Culture, Chashey L.O. , Kalmykova Yu.S. ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture, Dugina L.V. ,   Kharkiv State Academy of Physical Culture
Published: October 2023

Purpose: to characterize the use of physical therapy in chronic noncalculous cholecystitis. Material and methods: theoretical analysis and generalization of modern scientific literature in the use of rehabilitation means in chronic noncalculous cholecystitis. Results: modern means of physical therapy for chronic non-calculous cholecystitis were considered. Conclusions: with chronic noncalculous cholecystitis, complex physical rehabilitation is the most effective, the component of which is a rational movement regime, therapeutic nutrition, natural physical factors, therapeutic exercise, therapeutic massage, and physiotherapy treatment.
Female Burial of Cherniakhiv Culture with a Red Slip Jar of Provincial Roman Production from the Shyshaky Cemetery
Authors: Reida R. M. , Heiko A. V. , Sapiehin S. V.
Published: October 2023

The article is devoted to the publication of materials from the burial no. 88 discovered at Shyshaky cemetery of the Cherniakhiv culture. It consisted of the inhumation of a woman (20—25 years old), who was oriented with her head to the north and was lying in a subrectangular pit with rounded corners (fig. 1—2). Among almost all the burials (more than 150) in the Shyshaky necropolis, this grave was distinguished by the largest number of accompanying material. First of all, there were a lot of wheel-made pottery (11 items) (fig. 3—4). Among the latter there were: bowls shaped like vases (2 items), a two-handled jar, a bowl shaped like a drinking vessel, pots (3 items), bowls (2 items), an ornamented cup and an imported antique one-handled jar (fig. 3: 6). Fragments (7 items) of brown pebbles and the bowl where they were found should be associated with ritual rites. Beads made of carnelian (8 items) (fig. 6: 56—63), glass (21 item) (fig. 6: 35—55), coral (33 items) (fig. 6: 1—33) and amber (1 item) (fig. 6: 34) were found in the upper part of the woman’s chest. In the burial there were also two fibulae (fig. 5: 1—2) and a belt buckle (fig. 5: 3) made of white metal, a horn comb (fig. 5: 10), a bone needle case (fig. 5: 4), a bronze knife (fig. 5: 5), as well as a spindle (fig. 4: 1) whorl with a sharp edge made on a potter’s wheel, fragments of iron parts of a knife (fig. 5: 8—9) and probably the remains of a casket casing (fig. 5: 6—7). Next to the pelvic bones of the skeleton on the left there were the bones and jaws of cattle, probably accompanying food. An interesting discovery in the burial no. 88 is a bone needle case (fig. 5: 4) and a miniature knife (fig. 5: 5) made of a copper alloy, the analogies of which are often found in female burials at the Shyshaky necropolis. Such knives are oriented in the northern direction. Similar sets (a bone needle case, a needle and sometimes an awl or a small knife) for sewing and clothing or shoes repairing are typical for the burial monuments of the Cherniakhiv — Sântana de Mureș cultures. Part of the pottery from the burial no. 88 is associated with beliefs in an afterlife feast. A bowl (fig. 3: 1), a cup (fig. 3: 2), a two-handled and a one-handled jars (fig. 3: 4, 6) were used for this purpose. It is also interesting that although an imported glass cup was not found in this burial, imported pottery used for drinking alcohol was put into the grave. The one-handled red slip jar (fig. 3: 6) of provincial Roman production is also quite rare for burials of the Cherniakhiv culture and unique for the Dnipro Forest-Steppe Left Bank territory. Chronological indicators such as a fibula, a buckle and a horn comb found in the burial no. 88 make it possible to date it back to the last quarter of the 4th century. A significant number of beads, accompanying food can indicate the Sarmatian (Alan) tradition.
Jewellery of the Martynivka Circle among Materials of Saltiv Culture: Data Analysis
Authors: Volodarets-Urbanovych Ya. V.
Published: October 2023

In the paper jewellery from sites and complexes of the Saltiv culture, which do not chronologically fit within the boundaries of its existence, is considered. The studied jewellery is typical for the hoards of Martynivka circle (group II, subgroup 1). It is represented by four burial complexes and one hoard. Dmytriivka cemetery was investigated by S. Pletneva. Two trapezoidal pendants ornamented with punched rows of dots on the edge from catacombs no. 151 and no. 154 (fig. 1A: 1). Items from the Khatskivskyi hoard, the Kovrai locality, and three finds from the Luchistoye burial ground are known with such an ornamentation system. In general, such pendants can be dated by the 5th—7th centuries (fig. 1). Sukha Homilsha cemetery 1 was investigated by V. Mikheev. Burial no. 54 contained a vorvorka (fig. 2). Burial date: late 8th—early 9th centuries. Analogies in size are presented in several hoards, in ornamentation — from the settlement of Kryvets 4. In general, these items are typical for the hoards of Martynivka circle, the second half of the 6th— the middle third quarter of the 7th centuries. Bochkove cemetery has been studied by O. Laptev since 2014. Grave no. 2 (fig. 3; 4) contained two trapezoidal pendants ornamented with four spherical protrusions and two rows of pressed dots along the edge (fig. 5; 6). Similar pendants are associated with the Penkivka monuments and hoards of the Martynivka circle. Myrna Dolyna hoard discovered in 2019. The complex includes: 1) blacksmith tools and several iron items (fig. 7: 1—11); 2) four screams (fig. 7: 12—15); 3) fragments of a bronze cauldron and a pair of phaleras (fig. 8); 4) heraldic belt decorations, including matrices and semi-finished products (fig. 9; 10); 5) Roman coins (fig. 11). Only six heraldic decorations (fig. 9: 1-3; 10: 1—3) are known among Slavic antiquities at the level of broad analogies. All the considered sites of the Saltiv culture with finds of jewellery from the Martynivka circle are concentrated in the Siverskyi Donets basin. Both individual finds and treasures are known here. In the upper reaches of the river, monuments of the Kolochyn culture are known, and below — of the Penkivka culture. The chronology of the complexes of the Dmytriivka cemetery and the Myrna Dolyna hoard can be determined within the general framework of the existence of culture. However, the chronology of burial no. 54 of the Sukha Homilsha-1, burial no. 2 of the Bochkove cemetery and the chronology of the Martynivka circle decorations differ by almost a century (table 1). Consequently, such adornments could be found by the inhabitants of the Khazar Khaganate and reused in everyday life or attire.
Balka Kantserka: technological aspects of pottery production
Authors: Butskyi I. M. , Yurchenko A. V. , Korokhina A. V.
Published: October 2023

In the paper, the technological aspects of the pottery production at the Balka Kantserka settlement are considered. In particular, the reconstruction of the process of manufacturing of three-handed gray-ware jars which were mass-produced at the settlement is carried out. They were constructed from separately manufactured parts: body, neck, handles and spout. At the same time, in some cases, handles and knob-shaped decorative elements were attached to already dried and even decorated vessels. The presence of different types of the same structural parts, decorative elements and their technical solutions indicates that the jars were not made by one craftsman, but by a group of craftsmen who had different skills and tastes. The fact that the vessels of different masters were found in a complex associated with one particular kiln indicates that it was used simultaneously by a group of potters. For other technological groups (hand-built pottery, amphorae and fragments with individual technological features), it was possible to reliably determine only the composition of the paste. It was found out that the hand-built pottery at the settlement are represented by five recipes, of which at least three can be associated with the Penkivska culture, which surrounded Balka Kantserka. Fragments of amphorae are characterised by a natural admixture that made up to 1/5 of limestone and about 1/7 of sand. As for the recipes represented by individual fragments, it is difficult to interpret them for sure at the moment. The fact that the ceramic complex obtained by the excavations does not contain physically or archaeologically complete vessels, currently makes it difficult to quantify the types of structural elements of the vessels and their decoration, which would allow judging the possible number of potters who used the kiln.
Letters of K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński to K. V. Bolsunovskyi (According to the Scientific archive of The National Museum of The History of Ukraine)
Authors: Popelnytska O. O.
Published: October 2023

In the archives of the National Museum of the History of Ukraine in the fund of K. V. Bolsunovskyi there are two letters from K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński, dated by 1902. The author of these letters, Karol Kościuszko-Waluszyński, from 1888 had been heading the Museum in Chersonesus and conducted excavations of this ancient city. The recipient of these letters, Karl Bolsunovskyi, was a well-known numismatist-expert, ancient coins connoisseur. K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński and K. V. Bolsunovskyi not only corresponded, but were also personally acquainted. This is evidenced by the lines of the letter of K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński dated by September 12, 1902. K. V. Bolsunovskyi could have met K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński during one of his visits to the museum in Chersonesus. The novelty and relevance of the research lies in the study of professional and personal contacts of the representatives of Kyiv scientific elite K. V. Bolsunovskyi and B. I. Khanenko with the Crimean researcher K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński on the field of archaeology and numismatics. These documents contain information about individual aspects of the activities of the Chersonesus museum, as well as about personal contacts of Kyiv and Crimean scholars that had taken place at the beginning of the 20th century. The letters contain references to the organization of the museum's territory, the creation of a project for a new museum building and the organization of excavations at the end of 1902 — the beginning of 1903. For instance, in a letter to K. V. Bolsunovskyi, dated by September 12, 1902, K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński mentioned plans to build a new museum building, choosing a construction site, carrying out measurements on the site, drawing up plans for the future museum and an estimate of its construction. These letters also characterise K. K. Kościuszko-Waluszyński as an energetic, inquisitive, benevolent and hospitable person, a conscientious researcher and museum officer, who sought to establish contacts with Kyiv scholars in order to identify analogies to the finds from Chersonesus, exchange professional literature and attribution of the discovered finds.
Numerical Study of Methane Mixtures' Conversion Under the Influence of Laser Radiation
Authors: Peskova Elizaveta E. , Snytnikov Valeriy N.
Published: October 2023

The article presents a study of methane mixtures' laser conversion under various conditions of the computational experiment. Such flows are characterized by sharp local changes in the gas dynamic characteristics and the mixture components' concentrations. Their dynamics and mutual transformations are described by a stiff system of Navier-Stokes equations and chemical kinetics, which imposes serious restrictions on the choice of a computational algorithm. Numerical experiments were carried out using previously developed 2D code for modeling subsonic axisymmetric flows of a multicomponent medium, supplemented by modules that take into account laser radiation and solve equations of methane conversion's chemical kinetics. Verification of the results was made by calculating the conversion of methane under the influence of walls' external heating. Comparison of the substances' concentrations at the pipe outlet with the direct solution of the chemical kinetics system at different reaction temperatures showed a good agreement of the results. Computational experiments on the laser radiation's effect on the flow of a chemically active absorbing medium have been completed. It is shown that the laser radiation introduced into the mixture and absorbed by ethylene, changes the flow pattern and significantly increases the temperature of the gas mixture. An increase in temperature contributes to an increase in the yield of target products (ethylene, acetylene, hydrogen) at the reactor shorter length, while in the absence of radiation, the maximum concentrations of products appear at the reactor's outlet. The effect of the initial composition of the gas mixture on the methane's conversion is investigated, and it is concluded that the presence of ethylene significantly increases the formation of target products at moderate reactor walls' temperatures in the presence of laser radiation.
Interaction of a Sparce Particle Stratum with a Constantly Heated Plane in Presence of a Transverse Temperature Gradient
Authors: Syromyasov Alexey O. , Edeleva Yuliya P.
Published: October 2023

While modelling dispersions in containers or tubes it may be necessary to find distortions brought by the suspended particles in the temperature distribution in a vessel. Essential step of such a calculation is to determine of temperature field emerging when the particles are placed near the plane wall of the vessel. For simplicity one may suppose additionally that the carrying medium is stationary and that the particles are spherical. Solving this problem, the authors replace the plane by a fictitious particle that is mirror-positioned with respect to a given one. This allows to use multipole expansion for representation of the temperature that is a harmonic function in the case discussed. The obtained solution is used to find effective heat conduction coefficient of particles’ stratum placed in a half-space bounded by a plane with constant temperature. To do this, the authors average the temperature in the medium by the particles’ positions and compare the result with the solution of reference problem about temperature distribution in a half-space with a uniform stratum of other thermal conductance. The calculation is provided under the assumption that suspended spheres are placed rarely and therefore interact only with the plane but not with each other. A correction term is obtained that must be included in the expression for heat conduction coefficient if the total medium longitude in the direction orthogonal to the plane is finite.
Agronomic characteristics of barley cultivars in response to nitrogen fertilization
Authors: Jaques Lanes Beatriz Acosta , Carvalho Ivan Ricardo , Rodrigues Henrique Eguilhor , Dubal Ítala Thaisa Padilha , Escalera Ruddy Alvaro Veliz , Pimentel João Roberto , Troyjack Cristian , Szareski Vinícius Jardel , Lautenchleger Francine , Radünz André Luiz , Silva Ana Carolina Sampaio , Ducatti Rafael Dal Bosco , Zanatta Tiago Aumonde , Pedó Tiago
Published: October 2023

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of nitrogen doses on the yield of two barley cultivars, namely BRS Brau and BRS Cauê, cultivated in various growing environments in Southern Brazil. The research was conducted during the 2017 harvest season in Alegrete and Pelotas, RS, Brazil. A randomized block design with a factorial scheme of 2 x 2 x 4 (growing environments x barley cultivars x nitrogen doses) was employed, with four replications. Various parameters were evaluated, including plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of ears per square meter, number of seeds per plant, thousand seeds weight (TSW), and yield. The results indicated that the two barley cultivars responded differently to the growing environments and nitrogen doses. In Pelotas, BRS Brau exhibited superior performance in terms of plant height and TSW, while BRS Cauê showed a higher number of seeds per plant and seed yield. Furthermore, the combination of the Pelotas growing environment and a nitrogen dose of 200 kg ha-1 resulted in optimized growth and yield of barley seeds.
A Legal Study on Director's Breach of Trust and the Business Judgment Rule
Authors:   The Institute of Legal Studies, Kyunghee University, Song Il-Doo
Published: October 2023

Regarding the crime of breach of trust, various controversies have been raised, from conflict over the nature of the crime. In particular, this controversy is further amplified when charges of breach of trust are applied to directors who perform work involving risk. Accordingly, this study examines the breach of trust systems in foreign countries 99and Korea from a comparative legal perspective. Germany, Japan, and France have breach of trust provisions, while the United States punishes breach of duty by mail fraud, and the United Kingdom punishes breach of duty by fraud. When it comes to breach of trust, the broad scope of application or ambiguous requirements are commonly pointed out. This is because the crime of breach of trust emerged to criminally regulate various acts that betray a relationship of trust. And these characteristics of breach of trust pose significant problems in corporate management.
Corporate directors have a fiduciary duty. However, when determining a director's violation of fiduciary duty, the nature of the business judgment must be taken into consideration in order for the director to actively perform his role. Although there were differences from country to country in the way it was accepted as a legal theory, its effectiveness, and whether it was codified, it was accepted in most legal systems. However, since it is a theory in the field of commercial law, it needs to be cautious when introduced in the criminal system. However, it must be accepted for an unified legal order, and the business judgment rule is applied to breach of trust in Germany and Japan as well. In today's business environment, clear standards for legal responsibility must be presented through business judgment rule for creative business activities of entrepreneurs.
Effect of edible coating based on zedo gum containing Thymus essential oil and Cinnamomum extract on quality of cheddar cheese
Authors: Aghdam A.H.K. , Zomorodi Sh. , Roufegarinejad L. , Khosrowshahi asl A. , Hanifian Sh.
Published: October 2023

Effect of edible coatings based on zedo gum (ZG) containing thyme (Thymus vulgaris) essential oil (TEO) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) extract (CAE) on the quality and proteolysis of cheddar cheese was investigated. Four treatments were prepared using different coating formulas including: C (coated cheese with paraffin and wax mixture as commercial coating), Z treatment (coated cheese with ZG solution), TEO treatment (coated cheese with TEO), and CAE treatment (coated cheese with CAE). The results showed that the highest moisture content and proteolysis indices were related to sample C; the lowest moisture content and number of starter lactic acid bacteria (SLAB) and the highest protein content, FDM content, proteolysis indices and number of non-starter lactic acid bacteria (NSLAB) were related to sample Z; while the TEO and CAE treatments showed similar values. Also, TEO and CAE had an inhibitory effect on growth of moulds and yeasts, without affecting NSLAB and SLAB. Therefore, instead of commercial coating, zedo gum containing T. vulgaris essential oil or C. verum extract can be used as active coating on cheddar cheese.
EN PRENSA. Efecto antioxidante de polifenoles presentes en bagazo residual de orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) en aceite vegetal de girasol.EN PRENSA
Authors: Cuevas González María Fernanda , Flores  Martínez Héctor , León Campos Carolina , Lopez Muraira Irma Guadalupe
Published: October 2023

El orégano mexicano (Lippia graveolens Kunth) constituye una especia de gran valor comercial para México como condimento principalmente por su contenido de aceite esencial. Sin embargo, poco aprovechamiento se ha dado a su alta concentración de compuestos fenólicos hidrosolubles como la pinocembrina, flavanona con propiedades antioxidantes de gran importancia alimenticia y para la salud. Durante el proceso extractivo del aceite esencial de su hoja, se genera gran cantidad de residuos sólidos ricos en flavonoides, los cuales son mínimamente aprovechados e incluso llegan a constituir una fuente de contaminación por su mala disposición como desecho. Con el fin de valorizar este desecho agroindustrial, el bagazo se caracterizó mediante la determinación del contenido de fenoles totales, actividad antioxidante y contenido de pinocembrina, observando un buen contenido de este compuesto en el extracto obtenido (0.71 mg/ml). Los resultados sugieren que el bagazo residual de la extracción del aceite esencial puede ser aprovechado con gran potencial por su alto contenido de polifenoles, capacidad antioxidante y pinocembrina por lo que, a partir de éste, se elaboraron extractos ricos en pinocembrina mediante separación por columna cromatográfica pudiendo generarse productos enriquecidos en pinocembrina (1.38 mg/ml). El objetivo del presente proyecto fue evaluar la capacidad de estabilización oxidativa de extractos y fracciones enriquecidas en pinocembrina provenientes del bagazo residual de orégano mexicano como potencial aditivo alimentario en aceite vegetal de girasol, encontrando capacidades de protección contra peroxidación lipídica sobresalientes comparadas con las correspondientes proporcionadas por el BHT, antioxidante sintético comúnmente utilizado con este fin.
Diferenças salariais dos trabalhadores rurais e urbanos dos estados do Amazonas e Pará
Authors: Wendhausen Enimar Jerônimo , Brasil Marília Carvalho , Alves Frederick Fagundes , Sousa Lucas Vitor de Carvalho
Published: October 2023

Resumo Este artigo analisa as diferenças salariais entre trabalhadores rurais e urbanos do Amazonas e do Pará. Esta análise foi feita para os dois maiores estados da região Norte por possuírem características socioeconômicas e de mercado de trabalho distintas. Especificamente, verificou-se até que ponto o investimento em capital humano e os atributos não produtivos impactam as diferenças de rendimentos. Utilizou-se a Pesquisa Nacional por Amostra de Domicílios Contínua para 2011, 2013 e 2015. Através das metodologias de pseudopainel com Efeitos Fixos e Oaxaca-Blinder verificou-se que os trabalhadores mais escolarizados e experientes obtêm maiores ganhos salariais. Os trabalhadores urbanos recebem maiores salários do que os trabalhadores rurais, bem como aqueles que residem no Pará. No estado do Amazonas, o que impactou a diferença salarial foram os atributos não produtivos explicados pela segmentação no mercado de trabalho, como a Administração Pública e Outras Atividades em comparação com o setor Agrícola.
Oferta e demanda por economistas no governo brasileiro: histórico, sociologia da profissão e capacidades estatais
Authors: Paula Luis Gustavo Nascimento de , Cavalieri Marco Antonio Ribas
Published: October 2023

Resumo Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de um modelo interpretativo para o estudo da presença de economistas no governo, com especial atenção ao caso brasileiro. Baseando-se em teorias e conceitos da sociologia e do chamado “campo de públicas”, elabora-se um modelo de oferta e demanda de economistas no governo. Para isso, mobilizam-se a sociologia do sistema de profissões de Andrew Abbott e o conceito de capacidades estatais. Esse modelo interpretativo é aplicado para a análise de três momentos da história dos economistas no governo brasileiro: o surgimento da demanda pelo conhecimento econômico no Estado burocrático brasileiro a partir dos anos de 1930 e 1940; a construção de um sistema e de uma comunidade mais sofisticada de economistas ao redor dos anos de 1960; e os debates sobre desigualdade e inflação nos anos de 1970 e 1980.
Impact of production chain on defects of farmed shrimp (Penaeus vannamei)
Authors: Lima Loíse Caroline Santos de , Carriero Ricardo , Souza André Luiz Medeiros de , Salim Ana Paula Amaral de Alcântara , Ferreira Micheli da Silva
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: The production chain of Penaeus vannamei require detailed quality evaluation from farm to processing plant, to maintain the quality standards. We evaluated the impact of production chain steps in main defects of P. vannamei as red hepatopancreas, detached cephalothorax and post-mult. Red hepatopancreas and detached cephalothorax exhibited the highest defect incidence, which are related to capture method and post-harvest handling procedures. Red hepatopancreas showed a positive correlation (r = 0.56; P = 0.008) with post-molts. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) explained 53.91% of total data variance, where the second principal component (PC2) contributed with 19.39% separating shrimp defects and management steps based on square cosines of red hepatopancreas and transport time. These results suggested that steps of production chain as well as post mortem process are directly related to shrimp defects, and the knowledge of these factors can contribute to improve the product quality.
Sporothrix brasiliensis infecting cats in northeastern Brazil: New emerging areas in Paraíba state
Authors: Angelo Débora Ferreira dos Santos , Rabello Vanessa Brito de Souza , Maciel Maria Adrielle Soares , Atanázio Sheilla Suellenn de Lemos Araújo , Costa Maria Clara Lima da , Silva Suely Ruth , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo , Bernardes-Engemann Andréa Reis , Zancopé-Oliveira Rosely Maria , Clementino Inácio José
Published: October 2023

ABSTRACT: Sporotrichosis is a subcutaneous mycosis caused by fungus of the Sporothrix complex, and in Brazil the main species reported is Sporothrix brasiliensis, of which the diseased cat is the transmitter. Although, its occurrence has increased in the state of Paraíba, Brazil, since 2016, data on the disease in this state are limited. Therefore, this research aimed to identify molecularly isolates of Sporothrix spp. from domestic cats from cities in Paraíba, and in this way to expand the understanding of the disease in the state. Thirty-nine samples were analyzed, obtained from skin lesions of domestic felines, from the following cities in Paraíba: João Pessoa, Pilões, Patos, Areia, Bananeiras and Guarabira. Cytological analysis was performed to screen the samples, followed by fungal culture, and the molecular characterization of the isolates was performed, using the species-specific Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) or partial sequencing of the calmodulin gene. All isolates were identified as S. brasiliensis. The sequencing showed 100% similarity to the S. brasiliensis CBS 120339 strain. In view of this, it is concluded that in the study areas the species involved in cases of feline sporotrichosis is S. brasiliensis, its presence in Paraíba demonstrated the spread of the agent in regions distant from the epicenters in Brazil, alerting to the possible occurrence of zoonotic outbreaks similar to those found in the South and Southeast regions of the country. In addition, it highlights the emerging role of felines in the transmission of sporotrichosis in new endemic areas of Brazil.