bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Role of probiotics in prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates
Authors: S Chandrashekar G , Shettigar Sanchita , Varghese Tharun C
Published: June 2020

Background: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the common emergencies in preterm neonates which are associated with high morbidity and mortality despite recent advances in neonatal care. Probiotics may be one of the most effective therapies for the prevention of NEC. Objective: The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of probiotics in reducing the incidence of NEC in preterm newborns. Methods: This was a prospective randomized control study conducted at tertiary care teaching hospital. A total of 140 preterm newborns of gestation ?34 weeks of age were enroled in the final analysis. The recruited newborns were randomized into intervention group and control group by simple random sampling method. The intervention group was fed probiotics mixed with expressed breast milk, and the control group was fed with milk alone. Result: The incidence of NEC in probiotics group was significantly lower than in the control group (2.86% vs. 11.43%), (p=0.04). Although there were no significant differences in the initial presentation of NEC between the two groups, those in the study group who developed NEC had less severe disease, based on Bell’s staging criteria. There was no significant difference in terms of age in diagnosis of NEC and in age at which birth weight is gained between the two groups. However, there was a statistically significant difference in duration of hospital stay (15.62±2.84 vs. 23.54±3.43 days; p<0.001) and time to reach full feed (15.82±3.15 vs. 20.22±2.14; p<0.001). There was no significant difference in incidence of overall mortality (p=0.209; relative risk [RR] 0.25, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.029–2.18) and sepsis rate (p=0.673; RR 1.15, 95% CI: 0.593–2.243) between the two groups. Conclusion: Probiotics supplementation reduced the incidence and severity of NEC in the preterm neonates. This resulted in shorter duration of hospital stay and faster achievement of full oral feeds.
Medical research and ethics - Revisited
Authors: Thakkar P , Shringarpure K S , Gupte S , Agrawal A
Published: June 2020

Ethics in the medical research is known since many years; however, there have been new developments in this area recently. A phenomenal improvement in the health-care system, leading to increased life expectancy, and thereby, newer lifestyle and other health-related diseases has opened avenues for newer drugs and health-care technology. However, these have to be tried and tested in the context of the disease epidemiology, health-care delivery and of course, medical ethics. Monitoring and evaluation of the treatment regimes of well documented effective medicines is also required. This is the core of medical research. With the ever increasing concept of evidence-based medical system, and thereby, a rapid rise in the number of clinical trials; the role of medical ethics is potentially increasing to keep the patients
Congestive cardiac failure induced by antitubercular therapy in a child: A case report
Authors: Aulakh Roosy , Kapoor Isha
Published: June 2020

Tuberculosis is a significant public health concern affecting people of all age groups in developing countries. Agranulocytosis and pancytopenia occurring in adult tuberculosis patients taking antitubercular therapy (ATT) are well known. In contrast, only a couple of reports are available in the literature documenting pancytopenia in children with tuberculosis receiving ATT. These have reported pancytopenia secondary to disseminated tuberculosis presenting as hemophagocytosis or due to drug-induced systemic lupus erythematosus. However, clinically significant pancytopenia in the absence of hemophagocytosis and secondary lupus along with concurrent hepatitis leading to congestive cardiac failure in pediatric age group as witnessed in the index patient occurring due to ATT has not been reported previously. This child developed severe anemia presenting as congestive cardiac failure requiring multiple packed red blood cell transfusions. This case reinforces the need for regular hematological and liver function test monitoring in children receiving ATT so as to prevent the development of complications such as congestive cardiac failure.
Case report of multiple hepatic microabscesses in a term neonate
Authors: Bafna Sanjay , Kirthana S B , Bafna Vibha , Lad Sagar , Ravikanth Mergu
Published: June 2020

Neonatal liver abscess is a rare entity, which usually occurs in preterm infants with sepsis and certain risk factors like umbilical vein catheterization. Neonatal hepatic abscess has a non-specific clinical presentation, and a high index of suspicion for this condition is warranted in case of unresolving sepsis especially in the presence of risk factors. Ultrasonography of abdomen is an important investigation in a febrile neonate with sepsis. Here, we report a case of hepatic microabscesses in a term neonate without any significant risk factors. We want to report this case because of its rare occurrence particularly in a term neonate without significant risk factors. This case also emphasizes the utility of abdominal ultrasonography in a febrile neonate with unresolving sepsis.
Prevalence of seroprotective antibodies against hepatitis B virus in immunized children in a community hospital
Authors: Ramachandran Nandhini , Ramagopal Ganavi
Published: June 2020

Background: The potential problem of hepatitis B (HB) vaccination is the declining levels of antibody to HB surface (anti-HBs) antigen causing concern regarding its protective efficacy. Objectives: The objectives were to study the rate of seroconversion of children of age 1
Prevalence of specific learning disability among schoolchildren between 8 and 12 years
Authors: Sharma Neetu , Petchimuthu Prakash , Gaur Ajay , Kumar Ranjeet
Published: June 2020

Background: Specific learning disability (SLD) is known to cause a great amount of psychological and mental stress to the children and their parents. Objectives: To find out the prevalence of SLD among children in Gwalior and to find out the risk factors associated with SLD. Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted between 2016 and 2017 in two government and two private schools of Gwalior. A total of 800 students from the 3rd to 6th standard were included in the study. The details of every student were filled in a pro forma which included their academic performance. Based on this, last 10% of the low-performing students from each class were recruited and they were subjected to visual, hearing, IQ assessment, and NIMHANS index for SLD. Results: A total of 23 students were identified as having SLD, with a prevalence of 2.87%. The most common type was combined type (dyslexia and dyscalculia). The prevalence of arithmetic disability was found to be around 2.25%, reading disability was 2.5%, and that of writing disability was around 1.37%. The mean age of students diagnosed as SLD was 9.8. Among the learning-disabled students, 19 students (82%) were having only one sibling. SLD was diagnosed mostly in class IV students (p=0.023). Among SLD students, a history of prematurity was found in 11 students (48%), low birth weight in 13 students (57%), and head trauma in 13 students (57%) with SLD. Among SLD students, 7 were having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). No students were identified as having ADHD in the remaining students and it was highly significant (p<0.001). Conclusion: The prevalence of SLD was 2.87%, with the most common type being combined type. The antenatal risk factors associated with SLD were prematurity, low birth weight, and a history of head trauma. The most common comorbid condition associated with SLD was attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Iron status among under-five children with first febrile convulsion and subsequent febrile convulsion
Authors: Krishnan Rekha , S Geetha , K E Elizabeth , A N Anisha
Published: June 2020

Objective: The objective of this study is to estimate the iron status using hemoglobin (Hb), red cell indices, serum iron, plasma ferritin, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), and transferrin saturation (TSAT) in children with first febrile convulsion (FFC) and subsequent FC (SFC). Methods: The study was conducted in a tertiary care teaching hospital among children aged 6 months–5 years with first and subsequent episodes of the simple FC taking cases and controls in a ratio of 2:2:1. Consecutive cases and concurrent controls were selected for the study. Controls were children of the same age group with short febrile illness but without any seizures. After informed consent from parents, detailed history was taken; clinical examination and blood investigations were done to estimate iron status in both cases and controls. Laboratory tests included Hb, hematocrit( Hct), red cell indices, peripheral smear, red cell distribution width (RDW), serum iron concentration, plasma ferritin, TIBC, and TSAT. The data were then analyzed statistically using SPSS software. Results: 44 cases with FFC, 44 with SFC, and 22 controls were included in the study. The mean Hb, Hct, red cell indices, and RDW between the three groups did not show any significant difference. The mean serum ferritin was significantly lower in the SFC group compared to the control group (p=0.005). The mean serum TIBC was significantly higher in the SFC group compared to the control group (p=0.004) and also the SFC group compared to the FFC group (p=0.022). Conclusions: Poor iron status in subsequent febrile seizures indicates that iron deficiency is associated with subsequent seizures. Hence, screening for iron status rather than Hb level estimation should be considered for children presenting with or at high risk for febrile seizures.
Unwanted penile engorgement in pediatric patients under anesthesia: The role of anesthetic technique and other contributing factors
Authors: Hasan Muazzam , Nadeem Abu , Raza Nadeem , Ahmed Syed Moied
Published: June 2020

Background: The mechanism behind intraoperative penile engorgement (PE) is complex. One common myth is that PE occurs more frequently during spinal anesthesia than the general anesthesia. Objective: The objective of this study was to report the incidence and management of intraoperative PE in pediatric patients undergoing urogenital operations under spinal anesthesia with or without sedation over a period of 1 year. Methods: Patients aged between 2 and 12 years, posted for elective urogenital surgery of expected duration <1 h, were given spinal anesthesia with or without supplemental sedation as per child’s cooperation. Incidence of unwanted intraoperative PE, time of onset of the SA, length of surgery, attempts of successful lumbar puncture, need for supplemental systemic sedation, conversion to general anesthesia, and perioperative complications were recorded. Results: A total of 348 patients were included in the study. Only two (0.005%) cases developed PE intraoperatively. 225 (64.6%) children required systemic sedation along with spinal blockade. 123 (35.3%) cases were successfully operated under spinal alone without any sedation. None of the cases required conversion into general anesthesia. The mean time of onset of spinal blockade was 100±54 s. First attempt success rate of lumbar puncture was 83% while 16.9% of patients required the second attempt. There were no major complications in any child in the perioperative period. Conclusion: Spinal anesthesia is associated with very less incidence of PE and can be practiced safely in the pediatric patients. Just the fear of development of PE should not bias the choice of an esthetic technique toward general anesthesia.
Congenital syphilis: How long do we have to deal?
Authors: Gupta Vivek , Jain Gitanjali , Gupta Rakesh
Published: June 2020

Congenital syphilis is a preventable disease and its presence reflects a failure of prenatal care delivery system, as well as syphilis control programs. Adequate antenatal screening is a boon to prevent cases of congenital syphilis. There have been sporadic case reports of congenital syphilis in our country, but the exact disease burden is not very clear. We present a neonate born to a mother, who was venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) reactive and treated before delivery. This neonate was asymptomatic after birth, but serum VDRL was reactive with a 4-fold rise in titer and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) VDRL was also reactive. Treponema pallidum hemagglutination assay was detected for both the mother and baby. Neonate was treated with intravenous sodium benzylpenicillin G for 10 days. During follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and CSF and serum VDRL were non-reactive after 6 months.
Second malignant neoplasm in a treated Ewing sarcoma patient: A case report
Authors: Mudra Kakoti Lopa , Zachariya Choudhury , Jagannath Sharma
Published: June 2020

Ewing sarcoma (ES) is an aggressive tumor commonly seen in children and young adults. Late effects of ES therapy include the second cancers, a tragic outcome for survivors of such young age. We report a case of a 3-year-old male child who presented with a right maxillary mass extending to the orbit. Fine-needle aspiration cytology and tru-cut biopsy showed features suggestive of a small round cell tumor. Immunohistochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of ES/primitive neuroectodermal tumor. The patient was started on non-metastatic Ewing family tumor protocol with intensity-modulated radiotherapy and responded well to therapy. He was followed up regularly, but after 5 months of initial diagnosis, his peripheral blood smear showed atypical cells resembling blasts. His bone marrow aspiration (BMA) and biopsy showed marrow infiltrated by hematolymphoid malignancy. Based on the positivity of the blasts for myeloperoxidase and non-specific enolase in cytochemistry on the BMA and flow cytometric analysis, a diagnosis of acute myeloid leukemia with monocytoid differentiation was made. We report this case to emphasize the role of the pathologist in differentiating the second malignancies from recurrence of the first malignancy or therapy-related changes, especially in the case of an equivocal morphological picture.
Physical health perspective and mental subnormality of a child with Hunter’s disease
Authors: Wani Gowhar Iqbal , Imran Ayesha , Rathore Vyas , Gupta Anumodan
Published: June 2020

Hunter’s disease or mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS II) is a rare X-linked recessive disorder caused by deficiency or malfunctioning of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS), leading to progressive accumulation of glycosaminoglycans in almost all cell types, tissues and organs which result in permanent, progressive cellular damage that affects the appearance, physical abilities, organ and system functioning and, in most cases, mental development. The common clinical presentations include facial dysmorphism, pulmonary dysfunction, hepatosplenomegaly, and skeletal defects including joint stiffness and contractures, cardiomyopathies, and neuropsychiatric manifestations. We present this case of MPS II with clinical presentation including coarse facies, short stature, and mental retardation. The diagnosis was confirmed by demonstrating the deficiency of IDS in plasma. We report this case to highlight the clinical features and to specify the mental and physical health perspective of a child with Hunter’s disease. Mental subnormality includes progressive cognitive deterioration that is not manageable with enzyme replacement therapy. Hence, the patient should undergo regular assessment and should be trained accordingly.
Human milk banking: One year experience from a tertiary care centre
Authors: P Kumar , K S Kumaravel , D Satheeshkumar , C Karuna , V Anurekha
Published: June 2020

Introduction: A human milk bank (HMB) systematically collects, screens, processes, and dispenses excess milk donated by healthy nursing mothers. First HMB of Asia was established in the year 1989 in Mumbai, but there are still insufficient milk banks in India. Objective: This study aimed to provide our experience in the past 1 year. Methods: This retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the HMB of a tertiary care institution. The data were collected from donor forms and other milk bank records in the milk bank. All the demographic details and bacteriological data were collected. Results: There were 1168 donors with no extramural donors. Of these, 882 donors had term babies and 286 had preterm babies. The mean age of the donor population was 23.53±3.27 years. On the analysis of the volume of milk donated, the mean volume was 77.62±51.26 ml. A total of 90,660 ml of human milk was collected during the study period of 1 year. The bacteriological culture of the donor milk showed growth in 42 (3.6%) samples and was discarded. Klebsiella (2.39%) was the most common organism followed by Escherichia coli (0.44%) and Staphylococcus (0.35%). There were 1424 recipients and about 74% of them, were preterm babies. There were no extramural recipients. Conclusion: For a large number of preterm babies and the neonates without breast milk in India, pasteurized donor human milk will be the best source of nutrition. Hence, number of HMBs will improve the neonatal survival and reduce the morbidity.
Accuracy of touch method for assessing temperature in newborn
Authors: Anto Ancy Anto , Mathew Shiny , Shekharappa Chandrakala Bada
Published: June 2020

Introduction: Early recognition of hypothermia by the mother or a health worker is crucial to institute corrective actions to improve the survival of newborn babies. Hand-touch technique is a simple, practical, and inexpensive method that has been promoted for assessing neonatal hypothermia in resource-poor countries. Objective: The objective of this study is to compare the accuracy of touch method as assessed by mothers with the axillary method (standard technique) and to find the association of maternal variables with the accuracy of touch method. Materials and Methods: In this diagnostic study, postnatal babies with birth weight >2 kgand gestation >35 weeks were included within 24 h of birth after the parental consent. Those babies who were shifted to neonatal intensive care unit were excluded from the study. Investigator demonstrated the touch method of assessing temperature to the mother, and the temperature assessed by the mothers was then compared with the standardized temperature measurement technique in the axilla. Babies were classified into two groups, i.e., hypothermia or no hypothermia (normothermia). Results: A total of 82 mother-baby dyads were studied. Of 22 (26.83%) babies, who were hypothermic by axillary temperature, mothers could correctlycategorize only 11 (50%) babies as hypothermic by touch method. Of 60 (73.17%) babies who had normal temperature as assessed by axillary method, 40 (66.67%) babies were correctly categorized as normothermic by touch technique. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of touch method by the mother and the investigator was 50%, 66%, 35.48%, and 78.43% and 78.33%, 81.82%, 92.16%, and 58.06%, respectively. Conclusion: The sensitivity of the touch method as assessed by the mother to detect hypothermia is poor. However, adequate and frequent training and experience of the mother can improve the sensitivity. The study could be recommended to perform with larger sample size.
Perception of medical graduates and resource persons about communication skills training programme in a tertiary care hospital
Authors: Katyal Rashmi , Upadhyay Deepak , Agarwal Medhavi , Joshi Hari Shankar , Singh Arun , Tanwar Himanshu
Published: June 2020

Background: Several studies, as well as licensing bodies, have found that poor communication skill is the most frequent underlying cause of complaints against physicians and malpractice allegations. Objectives: The objectives of the study were to know the perception of the interns as well as the faculty about the communication Skills Training Programme. Methodology: The workshop was conducted to train the interns in communication skills. To know the effect of sensitization program; feedback, of the students and the faculty members as the assessors, was taken after the completion of the posting. Results: Most of the students and faculty agreed on the feasibility of the workshop and appreciated its contribution in medical education. In spite of the known challenges, it was found to be a great approach to ensure it as a part of the curriculum. Conclusions: The perception of the interns as well as the faculty was found to be favorable in all aspects of the introduction of communication Skills Training Programme.
Nurse’s perspective on barriers in the implementation of kangaroo mother care in a tertiary care hospital from North India
Authors: Singh Anita , Mishra Namita , Gupta Girish , Mishra Prabhaker
Published: June 2020

Background: Despite the established benefits of kangaroo mother care (KMC), it is not being implemented in all eligible babies. There are several barriers in its implementation including those from the nurses, mothers, and institution. Objective: The objective of the study was to determine the nurse’s perspective on various barriers in the implementation of KMC. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional descriptive study in which data were collected from all the nurses of the Department of Neonatology and Obstetrics in a tertiary care hospital, from North India, over 1 week using a structured pre-tested questionnaire covering barriers in three main domains - mothers (6), nursing staff (7), and institutional (5). Results: There were a total of 40 nurses, who responded to questionnaire; among them, 70% were from neonatology and 30% were from obstetrics. Mean barrier-free score (BFS) (%) was 48.93±14.77 with a range of 29.17–76.39, while median (interquartile range) was 47.22 (44.4–52.4). Mean BFS was found to be statistically significant when compared between maternal and nursing domains (54.5±11.1 vs. 43.3±11.9 vs. 49.0±18.4, p=0.003). Conclusion: The present study shows that the most important barriers in KMC implementation were lack of support to mother, duty schedule of staff, difficulty in convincing, and a private/separate environment for KMC. Therefore, actions need to be taken to overcome these barriers to use this simple intervention with enormous benefits.
Etiological evaluation of convulsions in children from 1 month to 14 years of age
Authors: M Madhan Kumar , Ramesh Shanthi , S Sundari
Published: June 2020

Background: Seizures are a common problem evaluated in the pediatric emergency departments worldwide. Objective: The objective of the study was to study the etiology of convulsions in children aged 1 month–14 years. Methods: This cross-sectional study was done among 120 children admitted to the pediatric ward of a tertiary care hospital with convulsions during the period of June 2014–May 2015. Complete blood count, blood sugar, serum calcium, magnesium, and electrolytes were done for all the children. Mantoux, chest X-ray, liver biopsy, electroencephalograph, lumbar puncture and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, ultrasonography cranium, computed tomography brain, or magnetic resonance imaging brain were done based on the clinical situation. Results: We found that 46.7% of the children had febrile seizures, 19.2% had seizure disorder, 15% had cerebral palsy, 5.8% had viral encephalitis, 3.3% had pyogenic meningitis, 1.7% had neurocysticercosis, 0.8% had metabolic disorders, and 0.8% had traumatic brain injury, and the cause of seizures was unknown in 6.6% of the children. Conclusion: Children with seizures need a thorough evaluation to identify the underlying pathology causing seizures.
Hubungan Komunikasi Terapeutik Perawat Dengan Tingkat Kecemasan Pasien Hemodialisa Di RSUD Dr Harjono Ponorogo
Authors: Cholis Ervan Nur , Rumpiati Rumpiati , Sureni Ike
Published: June 2020

Seorang perawat harus mampu menjalankan tahapan komunikasi terapeutik dengan baik. Kecemaan dapat terjadi karena kurangnya kemampuan komunikasi oleh perawat terhadap pasien. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan tingkat kecemasan pada pasien dengan terapi hemodialisa di RSUD dr Harjono Ponorogo.Desain penelitian ini adalah korelasi. Populasi penelitian adalah semua pasien hemodialisa di RSUD dr Harjono Ponorogo. Teknik sampling menggunakan insidental sampling, jumlah sampel sebanyak 71 responden. Variabel independen adalah komunikasi terapeutik perawat, sedangkan variabel dependent adalah tingkat kecemasan pasien dengan terapi hemodialisa. Uji statistik Spearman rho. Hasil peneilitian menunjukkan bahwa sebagian besar komunikasi terapeutik yang dijalani perawat adalah baik dengan 38 responden (54%), dan sebanyak 32 responden (45%) mempunyai tingkat kecemasan dalam kategori kecemasan ringan. Hasil uji statistik Spearman rho didapatkan hasil p=0,000, p<0,05 dengan tingkat korelasi 0,663, maka ada hubungan komunikasi terapeutik perawat dengan tingkat kecemasan pada pasien dengan terapi hemodialisa di RSUD dr Harjono Ponorogo. Para perawat diharapkan menggunakan komunikasi terapeutik karena dapat menurunkan tingkat kecemasan pasien.
HYDROGEN: PROPERTIES, PRODUCTION AND USES
Authors: Karp I.M.
Published: June 2020

Electrolysis of water uses more energy to produce «green» hydrogen than can be obtained by using it. On 1 m3 of electrolytic hydrogen consumes from 4 to 5 kW·h of electricity, while it contains chemical energy of 3.0 kW·h. The calorific value of hydrogen is 3.3 times less than methane. Hydrogen dissolves in metals, causing their corrosion. Its transportation requires special materials for pipelines, as well as special design, compressors and control devices. Owing to wide borders of explosiveness, high speed of torch spreading its use is connected with risks and demands special safety measures. The use of hydrogen as a fuel for driving shunting capacities in the energy system of Ukraine or for substitution of liquid motor fuels requires for its production the amount of energy commensurate with the volume of its total consumption in Ukraine, significant amounts of water and solution of the problem of using surplus oxygen. Taking into account the cost of electricity from renewable energy sources in Ukraine, the economy of hydrogen production and its use is beyond reasonable limits. Transportation of hydrogen in compressed or liquefied state is energy and economically expensive. Mixtures of natural gas and hydrogen are allowed to be transported and used. The driver of hydrogen energy is the prevention of anthropogenic impacts on climate change, which in itself is problematic. The large number of projects on the hydrogen economy that have been introduced today in Europe and around the world can be explained by the significant funds allocated to the problem, in which major companies and scientists — hydrogen activists are interested. Bibl.16, Table 1.
NATURAL GAS SAVING IN THE PROCESSES OF DRYING AND HEATING OF METALLURGICAL LADLES
Authors: Pylypenko R.A. , Melnikov R.V. , Tsvetkov Ye.S.
Published: June 2020

The article shows the results of successful modernization of heating systems for cast iron and steel still-pouring ladles of blast furnace and open-hearth production. It was implemented by Ukraine Energy Ltd. with participation of the Institute of Gas of the National Academy of Science of Ukraine. The main aim was reducing of natural gas consumption and emissions. The modernization has been completed using high-speed burners of various designs and changing heating systems to low-calorie gas. Changing of the heating system of pig-iron ladles of 100 tons from natural gas to the mixture of waste gases with natural gas has allowed to reduced the consumption of natural gas more than twofold. The use of the MSB-80 high-speed burner for drying the lining of 100 tons of iron ladles has made it possible to intensify the drying process and reduce the process time twofold as well. Natural gas saving is more than 35 %. The use of precision heating technology with GNB-1500 high-speed burners for the modernization of heating systems for steel casting 250 tons of ladles enables to increase the uniformity of heating the lining to ± 5 degrees, reduce the specific consumption of natural gas from 37 m3/t to 29.7 m3/t, and reduce the content of harmful substances in combustion products: CO ≤ 29 ppm, NOx ≤ 53 ppm. On example of changing natural gas in the heating system of cast-iron ladles with waste gases and using high-speed burners for burning natural gas is shown a real possibility to significantly reduce the consumption of natural gas, improve the quality of drying, reduce the time of processes and emissions. Bibl. 6, Fig. 9, Tab. 3.
MAINTAINING STABLE NANODISPERSED CERIUM OXIDE FOR HEAT TRANSFER PROCESSES
Authors: Brychka S.Ya. , Bondarenko B.I.
Published: June 2020

The introduction of heat carriers progressive types causes the productivity of heat exchange systems to increase. One of the challenges in thermal applied applications is the search for heat carriers that will provide revolutionary indicators of thermal conductivity and stability over time, thereby increasing the order of the heat transfer processes efficiency magnitude. The paper describes the creation of stable colloidal solutions using cerium oxide and organic stabilizers to provide better heat exchange performance compared to true solutions. Cerium oxide colloids were obtained by precipitation of the oxide from an aqueous solution of cerium nitrate with an aqueous ammonia solution in the presence of a polymer under vigorous stirring at room temperature. A number of cerium oxide nanosized dispersions, stabilized with polyvinylpyrrolidone, with a particle size of 1–10 nm were obtained. The content of CeO2 in the obtained dispersions was 1.72.10–3, 5.15.10–3, 8.6.10–3, 1.21.10–2, 1.72.10–2  % at a polymer content of 1.10–3 mol/l, the pH of the dispersions was 8–9. Electron microscopic images of the obtained nanodispersions showed a colloidal particles narrow distribution and cerium oxide nanoparticles in size. Colloidal particles are macromolecular tangles of polyvinylpyrrolidone with oxide nanoparticles strung in them. A volume of 20–50 nm organic matrix contains 10–40 particles of 1–10 nm cerium oxide. The particle size distributions of the dispersions established by the photon-correlation spectroscopy method have two areas of maxima for each sample. The first maximum for the dispersions of all investigated concentrations refers to particles with a diameter of 5–6 nm, which, in our opinion, are particles of cerium oxide, both in polymer beads and probably free from the stabilizer. Another maximum, depending on the sample, is observed at 30–70 nm or 100–300 nm, and relates to colloidal particles of PVP with cerium oxide encapsulated particles. The static stability of the cerium oxide obtained nanodispersions with polyvinylpyrolidone for two years under standard conditions is comparable to the true polymer solution. It is proposed by the method of UV spectroscopy to control the reproducibility of the obtaining materials technology. Tests of the thermal conductivity of the obtained 1.72.10–3 % stable cerium oxide nanodispersion were performed at 50 °C relative to distilled water with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 0.65 W/(m·deg). We found an increase in the coefficient for nanodispersions by 4–6 %, which is a significant value for dilute solutions. Ref. 15, Fig. 4 .
La Châtelaine de Vergy comme histoire tragique matrimoniale: de Marguerite de Navarre (1558) à Bandello (1573) et Le sixiesme tome des histoires tragiques (1582)
Authors: Leushuis Reinier
Published: June 2020

The anonymous thirteenth-century poem La Châtelaine de Vergy, a courtly love story that ends in bloodshed after its central secret is divulged, was adapted as the 70th novella in Marguerite de Navarre’s Heptaméron (published 1558–1559). Matteo Bandello’s Italian adaptation of this version of the story (in his posthumously published Quarta parte delle novelle [1573]) introduces an important change by specifying that the lovers are now clandestinely married; this detail is retained in an anonymous French translation of Bandello’s reworking, which appeared in one of the volumes of the popular Histoires tragiques. While critics have been puzzled at this apparent narrative flaw (marriage needs no secrecy), this essay argues that the shift is intentional by considering it in light of the problem of clandestine marriages and post-Tridentine matrimonial reform. While Marguerite’s novella already recasts the Châtelaine de Vergy story in matrimonial terms, Bandello further exploits its drama of speech, in which tragic events are triggered through speaking and divulging secrets, to question the Church tradition of contracting matrimony merely by the partners’ spoken words. A number of textual ambiguities in the French translation reveal furthermore that the story has subsequently been re-interpreted from a new perspective on betrothal as a non-binding spoken promise that gained ground during the Counter-Reformation. The textual transformations introduced into these three versions, moreover, are examined in the context of the development of the “histoire tragique” as a literary genre during the second half of the sixteenth century. This study thus identifies a correlation between the characteristics of the “histoire tragique” and matrimony’s socio-historical dynamics.
La théologie politique des dévots Mathieu de Morgues et Michel de Marillac, opposants au cardinal de Richelieu
Authors: Maillet-Rao Caroline
Published: June 2020

The position of Chief Minister established by Cardinal Richelieu conjoined the minister’s role with the exercise of power. Since all final decisions remained with the king, this system of government was claimed as legitimate. Nevertheless, there were opponents of Richelieu’s ministry. The devout faction, represented by Mathieu de Morgues et Michel de Marillac, saw the new institution as a change to the current theory of monarchy, and thus open to legal challenge. On that basis, they laid out their opposition with a set of arguments. This essay analyzes the arguments, against Richelieu ’s ministry, that refer to the principles of monarchy.
Robert Boyle and the Art of Occasional Meditation
Authors: Anselment Raymond A.
Published: June 2020

L’ouvrage de Robert Boyle, Occasional Reflections upon Several Svbiects, publié en 1665, permet d’estimer la contribution de son auteur à la méditation occasionnelle, de plus en plus courante au dix-septième siècle. Dans le cadre d’un commentaire plus large, l’introduction et le Discourse qui précède la collection, constituent la plus importante discussion de ce genre à cette époque. Au centre de son appréciation de l’exercice méditatif, l’emphase que Boyle y met sur une «manière de penser» ouvre le genre de la méditation occasionnelle sur davantage que des préoccupations pieuses et met de l’avant une habitude de penser propre à la philosophe morale et naturelle. Les méditations elles-mêmes, bien qu’inégales, contribuent à une meilleure compréhension de l’art dont elles relèvent, et complètent le propos de Boyle.
Janus Cornarius éditeur et commentateur du traité de Galien Sur la composition des médicaments selon les lieux
Authors: Guardasole Alessia
Published: June 2020

The Saxon humanist Janus Cornarius (ca. 1500–1558) devoted himself to edit, translate, and comment the extant works of Galen of Pergamon (129–ca. 216). In this study I deal with the Latin translation and commentary of Galen’s work On the composition of drugs by site, edited by Cornarius (Basel, 1537). Namely, by investigating some passages of Galen’s treatise, my effort is to throw light on Cornarius’ working method, defining which literary and manuscript sources he used to improve and interpret thoroughly Galen’s text.
Fantômes et contrefaçons dans l’oeuvre de Béroalde de Verville : ouvrages virtuels, fictifs et fictionnels
Authors: Polizzi Gilles
Published: June 2020

This article proposes to take inventory of and examine, in the abundant vervilienne production, the absent works, non-existent or “disguised.” Reflecting upon the relationship between title and identity, as well as our aptitude to deduce from a title the content and character of a work, the author of this article defines the process of “bibliographical illusion,” used frequently by Verville, who, in his bibliography, multiplies these ghosts. Hence, this article sorts the works while considering, in an approximately chronological order, virtual books (announced, but not published and perhaps not written), fictitious books (those whose title suggests camouflage or forgery), and invented disguises; because the science of the book is fueled by invention. This article concludes with the unexpected restoration of a book as real, from the category of fictitious works. Bibliography is then not only the art of listing titles, but also the art and the science of linking titles with works the art of testing the game of bookish inventions and trickery.
Renaissance Monti di Pietà in Modern Scholarship: Themes, Studies, and Historiographic Trends
Authors: Barile Nicola Lorenzo
Published: June 2020

Il existe une longue tradition d’études des Monti di Pietà, qui est presqu’entièrement publiée en italien. Cet article propose une revue historiographique de ces recherches, en se basant sur quatre thèmes centraux les ayant orientées. Le premier de ces thèmes correspond aux relations entre les banques et les premiers Monti, et à la question de savoir s’ils étaient de véritables banques ou des institutions charitables. Le deuxième thème correspond au contexte de ces pratiques formé par les débats théologiques et les opinions juridiques de la fin du Moyen Âge et de la Renaissance. Le troisième thème est centré sur l’influence des prédicateurs franciscains, incluant comment leurs discours antisémites ont été contrebalancés par les préoccupations économiques locales, pour former un compromis pratique. Le quatrième thème correspond au rôle et à la fonction qu’ont joués les Monti dans le Royaume de Naples. En conclusion, cette revue examine les recherches sur les Monti publiées en anglais depuis les années 1930.
Language as a Second Skin: The Representation of Black Africans in Portuguese Theatre (Fifteenth to Early-Seventeenth Century)
Authors: Belo André
Published: June 2020

Cet article analyse le langage et le personnage de l’Africain Noir dans le théâtre portugais du XVIe siècle, en particulier dans les pièces ou autos de Gil Vicente et d’António Ribeiro Chiado, ainsi que celles d’autres auteurs moins connus et quelques intermèdes espagnols. On accompagne l’évolution du stéreotype du Noir considéré incapable de parler correctement les langues ibériques, depuis sa première apparition littéraire, dans le Cancioneiro Geral de Garcia de Resende. La première partie de cet article, plus méthodologique, met en cause la possibilité d’utiliser le langage attribué aux Noirs pour reconstituer une langue orale effectivement parlée, l’intention de dénigrement étant constitutive de ce discours. Ensuite, en parcourant les différentes pièces, on propose la notion d’un langage presque phénotypique, qui « colle à la peau » des Noirs et les désigne même lorsqu’ils ne sont pas sur scène. De manière moins rigide que le stéréotype, cette « seconde peau », qui est la langue, devient un instrument de dénigrement en soi, y compris de certains personnages blancs.
The Passion and Flagellation in Sixteenth-Century Japan
Authors: Shin Junhyoung Michael
Published: June 2020

Cet article met en relation la pratique ascétique et pénitentielle de l’auto-flagellation par les tous premiers catholiques du Japon du XVIe siècle, avec leur compréhension de la passion du Christ telle qu’enseignée par les missionnaires Jésuites, et avec la tradition japonaise de l’ascétisme bouddhiste. On y montre que les pratiques dévalorisant les valeurs corporelles qui se trouvaient déjà dans les traditions religieuses japonaises, ont facilité la compréhension et la sympathie pour les pratiques comparables de la nouvelle religion européenne, malgré que les Jésuites leur aient présenté une théologie monothéiste inédite au Japon. Ces similitudes ont contribués à l’assimilation de la passion du Christ par les convertis japonais et à leur adoption de l’auto-flagellation rituelle, qui contraste vivement avec la mission contemporaine des Jésuites en Chine.
İki Dillilik ve Bulgaristan Türklerinin İki Dilliliği Üzerine Bir İnceleme
Authors: Çelik Mehmet Emre
Published: June 2020

Balkanlardaki en yoğun Türk varlığı Bulgaristan’da yaşamaktadır. Sayıları bir milyona yakın olan Türklerin eğitim, kültür ve sosyal yaşama dair pek çok sorunları bulunmaktadır. Bu araştırmada iki dillilik kavramı, Bulgaristan’daki Türk çocuklarının sahip oldukları iki dillilik özellikleri ve bu durumun eğitimlerine yansımalarının ayrıntılı olarak incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Veri toplama aracı olarak gözlem, görüşme ve anket metotlarından yararlanılan bu araştırmada, Bulgaristan’daki Türk çocuklarının hem Türkçeyi hem de Bulgarcayı standart düzeyde edinemedikleri dolayısıyla bu durumun, akademik başarılarını olumsuz etkilediği, Bulgaristan’da seçmeli statüde okutulan Türkçe dersinin şehirlerde (Kırcaali, Şumnu vd.) yaşayan Türk veliler tarafından seçilmediği, genellikle köylerde yaşayan çocukların ailelerinin bu dersi seçtikleri sonucuna ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonunda bu durumun düzeltilebilmesi için çeşitli önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Sürdürülebilir Kalkınmada Kültür Mirasının Yeri ve Önemi
Authors: Türkoğlu İlknur
Published: June 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı, son yıllarda her alanda sıkça sözü edilen “sürdürülebilirlik” ve “sürdürülebilir kalkınma” kavramları içinde kültür mirasının nasıl ve ne kadar yer aldığı üzerine bir değerlendirme yapmaktır. Bu yapılırken, öncelikle sürdürülebilir kalkınma kavramının gelişimi özetlemiş, bu konudaki uluslararası toplantılar ve bu toplantıların sonuç metinleri ve literatür incelenmiştir. Sonrasında kültür mirası konusunda önemli ve yeni gelişen kavramlar tanımlanmıştır. Kültür varlıklarının pek çok değerinin yanı sıra ekonomik değeri de ele alınmıştır.
Son bölümde ise sürdürülebilir kalkınma ile ilgili başlıca uluslararası metinlerde kültür mirası kavramının yeri değerlendirilmiş, kültürün, sürdürülebilir kalkınmanın temel ögeleri olarak kabul edilen sosyal gelişim, ekonomik kalkınma ve çevre koruma ile birlikte ve tüm bunları bağlayıcı şekilde ele alınması gerekliliği üzerinde durulmuştur.
Bir Mecmuadan Hareketle Edirneli Şairlerin Şiirleri II
Authors: Kılıçarslan Orhan
Published: June 2020

Edebiyat tarihinin temel kaynaklarından olan şiir mecmuaları bütüncül bir değerlendirme yapmak yahut tarihî kaynaklarda kayıp halkaların tespit edilebilmesi açısından önemlidir. Mecmualardan bazıları farklı yüzyıllarda şairlerin farklı nazım şekilleriyle yazdıkları şiirlerden oluşabildiği gibi bir meşrebin veya bir şehirle anılan şairlerin şiirlerinin derlenmesi biçiminde de oluşturulmuştur. Edirne Selimiye Yazma Eser Kütüphanesi’nde 22 Sel 2110 numarada kayıtlı mecmua Edirneli şairlerin şiirlerinin toplandığı bir mecmua olarak değerlendirilebilir. Tertip açısından belirgin özellikleri olmayan veya sistematik bir tarzda kaydedilmemiş olan mecmuada bulunan hemen bütün manzum parçalar bir şekilde Edirne ile ilgisi/ilişkisi olan şairlerin şiirleridir. Bu çalışmada 22 Sel 2110 numarada kayıtlı mecmua ile yine aynı kütüphanede 22 Sel 2299 numarada kayıtlı olan mecmuanın benzer özellikleri tespit edilmiş ve iki mecmuanın karşılaştırılması yapılmıştır. Karşılaştırmada iki mecmuada da ortak şairler bulunmasına rağmen kayıtlı şiirlerin farklı olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Edirne tarihini anlatan eserler, nazire mecmuaları ve diğer edebiyat tarihi kaynaklarından şiirlerin karşılaştırılması yapılarak herhangi bir kaynakta kayıtlı olmayan şiirler gösterilmiştir.
Aydınlanma Felsefesi ve Alman Aydınlanma Edebiyatı
Authors: Güven Emre Bekir
Published: June 2020

Globalleşen dünyanın giderek artan ihtiyaçlar silsilesi göz önünde bulundurulduğunda; hoşgörü, anlayış, empati gibi insani kavramların ilk sıralarda yer almasına şaşırılmamalıdır. Homo habilis’ten bu yana insanlık sadece fizyolojik veya teknolojik gelişim ve dönüşümler göstermemiş, aynı zamanda duygusal gelişimler de sergilemiştir. Bunlar kimi zaman olumlu yönde serpilirken, kimi zaman da olumsuz yönde yayılmıştır. 18. yüzyıla gelindiğinde ise Homo sapiens geçmişten topladığı tecrübelerle, bundan sonra olumsuz yönde gerçekleşecek gelişmeleri engelleyebilmek adına, bir bakıma devrim gerçekleştirmiş ve akıl olgusunu ön plana çıkarmıştır. İnsanlığın karşısında bundan böyle Kant’ın “Sapere aude!” vurgusu vardır. “Bilen, düşünebilen insan” geçmişinden daha farklı düşünmelidir. Bu yeni düşünce şekli elbette sadece felsefe disipliniyle sınırlı kalmamıştır. Edebiyat, resim, müzik, heykelcilik gibi disiplinlerde de yansımasını bulabileceğimiz bu yeni düşünce şekli temel olarak saygı, tolerans, empati gibi değerleri esas almaktadır. Alman edebiyatının o dönem ortaya konulmuş eserlerinde onur, erdem ve hoşgörüye dair izleklere rastlamak mümkündür. 18. yüzyıl Alman edebiyatı, Aydınlanma felsefesinden belirli açılardan beslenmiştir. Özellikle de Avrupa aydınlanmasının öncülerinden Immanuel Kant’ın akıl (Vernunft) ve zihin (Verstand) gibi vurgularının Alman Aydınlanma edebiyatına yansımalarını bulmak mümkündür. Bu çalışma, aydınlanma felsefesinin yanı sıra, Lessing’in Bilge Nathan eseri üzerinden belirli örnekler sunarak Alman Aydınlanma edebiyatını genel bir çerçevede özetlemektedir.
Halûk Perk Müzesi'nden Bir Grup Damga Mührün Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: Özdemir Burcu , Savrum Kortanoğlu Müge
Published: June 2020

Geçmişten günümüze güvenliğin ve özel mülkiyetin göstergesi sayılan mühürler farklı dönemlerde, farklı formlarda ve malzemelerden yapılmış olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. İlk örnekleri yaklaşık M.Ö. 8000’de görülen mühürlerde malzeme olarak kil ve taş kullanılmıştır. Daha sonra dönem şartlarına, iklime, coğrafyaya, gelişen teknolojiye paralel olarak malzeme ve yapım tekniklerinde değişiklik ve çeşitlilik meydana gelmiştir. Metal, değerli taş, kemik, fayans, cam gibi malzemeler mühür yapımında sıklıkla kullanılmıştır. Bu çalışmada Halûk Perk Müzesi’ne farklı tarihlerde satın alma ile kazandırılmış 19 adet damga mühür değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmayı; malzemesi bakır (tunç)? ve kurşun olan ve yaklaşık olarak bir tarih aralığı verilerek İlk Tunç ile Orta Tunç Çağı’na tarihlendirilen damga mühür grubu oluşturmaktadır. Satın alma yoluyla müzeye kazandırılan bu mühürlerin buluntu yeri bilinmemektedir. Söz konusu mühürlerin baskı yüzeyleri genellikle dairesel, kare biçimli, tutamakları ise ip delikli ya da deliksiz tutamaklıdır. Halûk Perk Müzesi’ne kayıtlı olan ve çalışma kapsamına alınan mühürlerin benzerleri sadece Anadolu’da değil, Mezopotamya ve Balkanlarda da görülmektedir. Bu çalışma ile damga mühürlerin, kazılarda ele geçen ve müze koleksiyonlarında bulunan benzer örnekleri esas alarak karşılaştırılması, yaklaşık bir tarihleme yapılarak; buluntu yerlerini yine yaklaşık olarak coğrafi açıdan tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Böylelikle buluntu yeri belli olmayan söz konusu mühürlerin hangi coğrafya ve döneme yakın olduğu tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.