bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Estudio sobre la ley: del fuero juzgo a la novísima recopilación
Authors: Ortiz Caballero René
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Matrimonio y familia: informacion sobre el parentesco
Authors: Rodríguez Iturri Roger
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo tiene necesariamente que combinar información entre estas tres instituciones sociales (matrimonio,familia y parentesco).Para ello en este trabajo, nos hemos visto precisados a conjugar datos antropológicos, históricos, sociales, culturales y jurídicos,en un intento de escudriñar en la intrincada maraña que significa el estudio retrospectivo, y aún actual, de la familia y el parentesco.
El derecho de prenda y la realización de la prenda en los códigos civiles de la República de Chile y de la República de Argentina que recogen los proyectos Bello y Vélez Sarsfield, respectivamente
Authors: Viale Salazar Fausto
Published: December 2020

El presente trabajo tiene por finalidad efectuar un estudio comparativo de dos grandes proyectos de Código Civil en Latinoamérica del siglo XIX, cuales son los Proyectos Bello y Vélez Sarsfield, que se van a plasmar en los Códigos Civiles de la República de Chile y de la República Argentina, respectivamente, encuanto a algunos aspectos de su normatividad acerca del derecho de prenda y la realización de la misma.
El Tribunal de Garantías Constitucionales ante la crítica
Authors: Aguirre Roca Manuel
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Sistema electoral y representación política en el Perú actual
Authors: García Belaunde Domingo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Rol del convenio colectivo de la economía nacional
Authors: Pasco Cosmópolis Mario
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
El grupo de contadora frente a los medios de solución pacífica de controversias
Authors: Tello María Cecilia
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Desarrollo y vigencia de los derechos y garantías en diez años de régimen constitucional (1980-90)
Authors: Eguiguren Praeli Francisco José
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Las reglas constitucionales para la aplicacion de la norma laboral
Authors: Neves Mujica Javier
Published: December 2020

El propósito de este trabajo es realizar una sistematización de los más importantes criterios que deben orientar la aplicación de la normativa laboral en cada uno de los supuestos esenciales en que esa tarea pudiera resultar compleja, que son los identificados en el sumario precedente. Este esfuerzo, que se emprende con la finalidad de brindar un instrumento útil a los operadores del derecho, señalará en cada caso los problemas especiales que se presenten y, si las hubiera, las diversas posiciones planteadas en los temas más polémicos.
Régimen de los recursos naturales en la constitución de 1979
Authors: Figallo Adrianzén Guillermo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Los tratados internacionales y el sistema de fuentes de derecho en el Perú
Authors: Fernández Maldonado Guillermo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Libertad de cátedra: ¿monopolio docente?
Authors: León Pastor Ricardo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Los adelantos de la ciencia y la permeabilidad del derecho: reflexiones en torno a la "reproducción humana asistida"
Authors: Boza Dibós Beatriz
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Un mundo sin propiedad
Authors: Bullard Alfredo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La transferencia de propiedad de los bienes muebles incorporales en el código civil
Authors: Torres Méndez Miguel
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La naturaleza jurídica de los intereses: punto de conexión entre derecho y economía
Authors: Fernández Cruz Gastón
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La oferta al público: razones para una discrepancia
Authors: Forno Flores Hugo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La controversia sobre el aborto en los estados unidos: las dimensiones constitucionales
Authors: Baker Robert
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La sentencia del tribunal de garantías constitucionales sobre la constitucionalidad de la ley de la bolsa de trabajo y los principios de igualdad y libertad
Authors: Landa Arroyo César
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Formación del abogado y sociedad: balance y perspectivas
Authors: Zolezzi Ibárcena Lorenzo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
A propósito de la interpretación de la ley penal
Authors: Hurtado Pozo José
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
El principio de oportunidad en nuestro sistema procesal penal
Authors: Yon Ruesta Roger
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Tráfico ilícito de drogas: represión, poder judicial y policía
Authors: San Martín Castro César
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La obediencia debida y el nuevo código penal: consideraciones dogmáticas y políticos criminales
Authors: Zuñiga Rodriguez Laura
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
El modelo francés de control político de la constitucionalidad de las leyes. Su evolución
Authors: Fernández Segado Francisco
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Garantías jurisdiccionales para la tutela de los derechos humanos en el Perú
Authors: García Belaunde Domingo
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La eficacia horizontal del recurso de amparo: problema de la Drittwirkung Der Grundreghte
Authors: Vega García Pedro de la
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
El modelo de utilidad
Authors: Halperin Grobman Jorge
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Avances internacionales de los temas de propiedad intelectual en biotecnología
Authors: Straus Joseph
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
El derecho informático en el proyecto de acuerdo trips de la rueda Uruguay
Authors: Correa Carlos
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Marcas notorias, marcas renombradas, marcas de alta reputación
Authors: Pacón Ana María
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
El encuentro del derecho y la moral: reflexiones sobres la guerra justa
Authors: Schmitt Michael
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Pluralidad cultural y derecho penal
Authors: Francia Luis
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Comentarios al código procesal civil. La postulación al proceso
Authors: Parodi Remón Carlos
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La casación civil
Authors: Velasco Gallo Francisco
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
La intervención del tercero en el proceso civil peruano
Authors: Palacios Pareja Enrique
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Las presunciones en el derecho civil
Authors: Zavala Toya Salvador
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Dogmática de los derechos de la persona en la constitución española de 1978 y en su interpretación por el tribunal constitucional
Authors: Fernández Segado Francisco
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Introducción al derecho penal de la Competencia. Análisis histórico y Comparativo del decreto Legislativo 701
Authors: Abanto Vásquez Manuel
Published: December 2020

No contiene resumen
Cómo estudiar Derecho constitucional (Una década más tarde)
Authors: García Belaúnde Domingo
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
La posición constitucional de las Fuerzas Armadas en España. Reflexiones en torno al articulo 8 de la Constitución de 1978
Authors: Fernandez Segado Francisco
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
El Consejo Nacional de la Magistratura
Authors: Zolezzi Ibarcena Lorenzo
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
La Nulidad de Cosa Juzgada Fraudulenta y la Acción de Amparo Constitucional
Authors: Quiroga León Aníbal
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
Impunidad de personas con patrones culturales distintos
Authors: Hurtado Pozo José
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
Legislación procesal familiar en el Perú
Authors: Reyes Ríos Nelson
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
El convenio arbitral en la nueva ley general de Arbitraje, ley 26572
Authors: Cantuarias Salaverry Fernando
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
Competencia notarial de los asuntos no contenciosos
Authors: Flores Nano Lourdes
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
El uso de titulos de deuda externa como medio de pago en la venta de empresas públicas
Authors: Zegarra Guevara Jaime
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
La tenencia de la tierra en el asentamiento humano Sagrada Familia
Authors: Aranda Mirva , Flores Patricia , Gutiérrez Carmen , Luyo Vanessa , Valdez Flor De María
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
Propietarios de su destino: Análisis económico de los derechos de propiedad en las comunidades campesinas de la Sierra
Authors: Delgado Flores Enrique
Published: December 2020

No presenta resumen
Agricultural Mobile Apps used in India: Current Status and Gap Analysis
Authors: Balkrishna A. , Sharma J. , Sharma H. , Mishra S. , Singh S. , Verma S. , Arya V.
Published: December 2020

Background: Agriculture plays a significant role in economic and social development in India. With the rapid development of Information and Communication Technologies, information and data can be effectively generated, stored and used by farmers to improve agricultural productivity. For this, smart farming technologies using mobile applications (apps) that help reduce costs, maximize yields and increase profits are being employed. Here, we present an overview of several mobile apps available for traceability in agricultural sectors, discuss their features, functions and how they are lacking in some domains. Methods: In this study during Aug 2019-Sep 2019, several online databases were used for the survey according to the guidelines for Transparent Reporting of Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. 73 agriculture mobile apps were selected based upon the hits using keywords like “mobile apps, agriculture mobile app, animal husbandry, etc. and with the inclusion criteria of a good review and proper up to date information. These apps were found to be used in different agriculture allied sectors in India. Result: Among these 73 mobile apps used by Indian farmers in various agricultural sectors viz. farm management, fisheries, poultry, livestock and animal husbandry, food traceability and pure agriculture sectors; the respective availability percentage of apps were 12, 14, 14, 23, 23 and 14%. These apps are discussed here in detail along with their gap analysis and a new traceability mechanism has been proposed as well.
Urban Rooftop Farming – Model for Sustainable Vegetable Production and Environmental Well-being
Authors: Gajbe Pawan U.
Published: December 2020

Background: Urban rooftop farming is a form of urban agriculture. Due to the scarcity of agricultural land in urban areas, rooftop farming is becoming popular in many countries. An experiment was conducted to grow herbs and vegetables in a small and sustainable urban rooftop farm in Nagpur city, India and the various ecological benefits of this form of urban agriculture were studied.Methods: The experiment was conducted on a 230 sq ft rooftop area from July 2019 to March 2020. Environment friendly cultivation methods employed in the study include pest management by cultural means to produce pesticide-free vegetables, conversion of household green waste into compost for augmentation of soil nutrients and the use of harvested rain water and greywater for irrigation.Result: The experiment resulted in the production of 61.7 kg of pesticide-free vegetables from an area of 230 sq ft using sustainable farming methods. Apart from this, the various ecological benefits obtained from the experiment point to the fact that sustainable urban rooftop farming can be an innovative means to promote urban agriculture without harming the environment.
Agroforestry- A sustainable Tool for Climate Change Adaptation and Mitigation
Authors: Sharma Harish , Kumar Dhirender , . Ludarmani , Pant K.S.
Published: December 2020

According to WMO (World Meteorological Organization), 2018 was the fourth warmest year on record and average global temperature reached approximately 1°C above pre-industrial level portraying climate change. Changing weather had an impact on lives and sustainable development especially in developing countries. Agriculture is the human enterprise that is most vulnerable to climate change. Large percentage of the population of developing countries depends upon agriculture for their livelihoods. Agroforestry, is an age old management system practiced by farmers to provide shade, a steady supply of food throughout the year, arrest degradation and maintain soil fertility, diversify, increase and stabilize income sources, enhance use efficiency of soil nutrients, water and radiation and provide regular employment thereby increasing system resilience. Agroforestry, thus provides an example of a set of innovative practices designed to enhance productivity in a way that often contributes to climate change mitigation and can also strengthen system’s ability to cope with adverse impacts of changing climate conditions.
Prevalence and Pathology of Trichomonas gallinae in Domestic Pigeon (Columba livia domestica) of Assam, India
Authors: Saikia M. , Bhattacharjee K. , Sarmah P.C. , Deka D.K. , Upadhyaya T.N. , Konch P.
Published: December 2020

Background: Trichomonas gallinae is a flagellated protozoa, infects the upper digestive system of pigeon and causing a condition called canker, characterized by development of granulomatous lesions in the buccal cavity, crop, proventriculus, gizzard and liver of affected birds causing mortality upto 90% in squabs. Systemic research on prevalence and pathology of T. gallinae in pigeons are scant in India. The present work was carried out to document the prevalence and pathology of T. gallinae in pigeons of Assam. Methods: During the one- year study period, throat swab samples were collected from households, market places and temple premises in 4 districts of Assam. A total of 324 birds were examined by wet mount and Giemsa staining methods for detection of T. gallinae. Naturally died carcasses were studied for gross and histopathological alteration in different organs. Result: In the present study prevalence of T. gallinae was found 26.85% and squabs were highly susceptible with 56.25 percent. Sex wise, comparatively higher prevalence was observed in females (33.54%) than in the males (20.48%). Seasonality study revealed highest prevalence during winter. Gross pathological alteration characterized by yellowish white caseo-necrotic haemorrhagic lesion in the upper digestive tract beginning with the oral cavity and lesions also found in liver and lungs. Histopathological alteration also recorded in different organs. In the liver sinusoidal congestion and kupffer cell hyperplasia were observed. Infiltration of polymorphonuclear cells in the thickened inter alveolar space of lungs also recorded. Further study is required to identify the prevalent strains of T. gallinae on the basis of pathogenicity in this geographic region and immunology of T. gallinae in pigeons and other hosts remain to be explored.
A Case of Parasitic Fibrino-necrotic Enteritis in A Rottweiler Dog
Authors: Nehra Vikas , Vohra Sukhdeep , Kadian Vijay , Lather Deepika , Sharma Charlie
Published: December 2020

Background: A Rottweiler male dog carcass (7 years) with clinical history of inappetence, pyrexia, diarrhoea and nasal discharge was received in the post mortem hall of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana. The current work was aimed to study the clinical history, pathological and parasitological examination in the Rottweiler male dog carcass. Methods: After collection of the samples, laboratory work was undertaken in the laboratories of Department of Veterinary Pathology and Veterinary Parasitology, LUVAS, Hisar, Haryana (India) in the year 2018-2019 regarding the examination of the clinical history, pathological and parasitological investigation. Result: Necropsy revealed anaemic mucous membranes; pale conjunctiva; hydrothorax; hydroperitoneum; lungs and heart were congested, blackish discolouration of liver; fully distended gall bladder; congested along with thickened intestinal mucosa; intestinal lumen contained white nematode as well as long creamy cestodes identified as Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum, respectively. Histopathologically, intestine revealed presence of severe fibrino-necrotic enteritis characterized by infiltration of mono nuclear cells, degeneration and desquamation of microvilli, congested blood vessels and haemorrhages. Spleen revealed acute splenitis with presence of severe hemorrhages along with neutrophilic infiltration. Liver revealed areas of necrotic hepatitis. The case was confirmed as parasitic fibino-necrotic enteritis due to mixed infection by Toxocara canis and Dipylidium caninum.
Enhancing EFL teachers’ intercultural sensitivity through instruction, is it really feasible? An ethnocentrism versus ethnorelativism perspective
Authors: Rahimi Ali , Soltani Ali , Ghamarnia Marzieh
Published: December 2020

It is simplistic to believe that second language learning can be accomplished without proper acquisition of the second language culture. This study aimed at investigating the feasibility of promoting Iranian EFL teachers’ intercultural sensitivity through training. To do so, 35 teachers, who proved to be homogenous, were randomly selected from among 45 teachers after the administration of the general language proficiency test TOEFL. Afterwards, Chen and Starosta’s Intercultural Sensitivity Scale was completed by the participants. They were then required to take the intercultural sensitivity training course for a semester. The same scale was completed by them at the end of the semester. A pre-test and a post-test were also administered. The results of the t-test run indicated a notable enhancement in the level of Iranian EFL teachers’ intercultural sensitivity. The findings could have some important implications for all stakeholders who are open-mindedly inclined to acknowledge the unavoidable, although neglected, role played by culture as the inseparable component of modern language education which can effectively trigger a movement away from ethnocentric stages towards ethno relative stages.
Keywords: EFL, ethnocentrism, ethno relativism, intercultural sensitivity.
Teachers’ perceptions, practices and challenges of active learning strategies utilisation at secondary schools in Ethiopia
Authors: Amare Yayachew , Dagnew Asrat Kelkay
Published: December 2020

The purpose of this study was to investigate teachers’ perceptions, practices and challenges of active learning strategies utilisation at secondary schools in Ethiopia. Its specific purposes were to examine the perception of teachers towards active learning strategies utilisation, to explore whether active learning strategies utilisation are being practiced by teachers or not and to identify factors that hinder teachers in implementing active learning strategies in secondary schools. To conduct this study, descriptive survey design was employed. A total of 109 teachers participated in the study through systematic sampling technique. The study was complemented by the mixed method approach that employed both qualitative and quantitative data collection tools, such as observation checklists, questionnaires and interviews. The quantitative data were analysed using frequency, percentage, mean value, grand mean and mean ranking, and the qualitative data were analysed by organising, summarising and interpreting narrative description. The findings of the study reported that most of the respondents perceived active learning strategies positively. In spite of their good perceptions, their practices of active learning strategies were low. The major factors affecting the effective implementation of active learning strategies were large class size, students’ lack of interest, shortage of time, teachers’ lack of commitment, students’ beliefs and perceptions  and diversity of student interest, which were among the most influential factors hindering its implementation. Finally, it is recommended that responsible bodies should reorganise the conditions and facilitate necessary inputs for the implementation of active learning strategies.
 
Keywords: Active learning, challenges, perceptions, practices, secondary schools, strategies, utilisation.
Performance and Emissions of a Microturbine and Turbofan Powered by Alternative Fuels
Authors: Przysowa Radoslaw , Gawron Bartosz , Białecki Tomasz , Łęgowik Anna , Merkisz Jerzy , Jasiński Remigiusz
Published: December 2020

Alternative fuels containing biocomponents produced in various technologies are introduced in aviation to reduce its carbon footprint but there is little data describing their impact on the performance and emissions of engines. The purpose of the work is to compare the performance and gas emissions produced from two different jet engines: the GTM-140 microturbine and the full-size DGEN380 turbofan, powered by blends of Jet A-1 and one of two biocomponents: 1) ATJ and 2) HEFA produced from used cooking oil (UCO) in various concentrations. The acquired data will be used to develop an engine emissivity model to predict gas emissions. Blends of the mineral fuel with synthetic components were prepared in various concentrations, and their physicochemical parameters were examined in the laboratory. Measurements of emissions from both engines were carried out in selected operating points using the Semtech DS gaseous analyzer and the EEPS spectrometer. The impact of tested blends on engine operating parameters is limited, and their use does not carry the risk of a significant decrease in aircraft performance or increase in fuel consumption. Increasing the content of biocomponents causes a noticeable rise in the emission of CO and slight increase for some other gasses (HC and NOx), which should not, however, worsen the working conditions of the ground personnel. This implies that there are no contraindications against using tested blends for fuelling gas-turbine engines.
Vision Acuity Index. A Novel Metric to Select the Best Fit Computer Vision Algorithm for Smart Cities and Industry 4.0
Authors: Contreras-Masse Roberto , Ochoa-Zezzatti Carlos Alberto , Torres-Arguelles Vianey , García Vicente , Elizondo Mayra , Perez-Dominguez Luis , Mejia Jose
Published: December 2020

Computer vision is considered as an ally to solve business problems that require human intervention, intelligence and criteria. This topic of research has evolved in XXI century at faster peace, delivering various alternatives from open source until commercial platforms. With so many options and market growing, it result difficult to make a decision on which one to use, or even worse, realize it was not suited for different scenarios. In this paper we analyze five options selected arbitrarily and tested on a dataset of 755 images to detect persons in an image, using object detectors. We analyze elapsed time to process an image, error with observations by humans, number of persons detected, correlation of time and person density, object detected size and F1 Score, considering precision and recall. As we found there are score ties and similar behaviors among options available, we introduce a novel index that takes in consideration the number of persons and their pixel size, to propose the Vision Acuity Index of Computer Vision. The results demonstrate this is a good option to serve as indicator to make decisions. Also, this index proposed have a potential to be expanded for different business use cases, and to measure new proposed algorithms in the future along with the traditional metrics used previously.
Nomogram With a Novel Microenvironment Signature Is Systematically Constructed and Validated to Predict the Survival Rate of Glioma Patients.
Authors: Li Tianhua , Chen Yiguang , Chen Yongjian , Liu Guangjie , Zou Shisheng , Yang Anming , Liu Yi , Fan Jun
Published: December 2020

Glioma accounts for the highest proportion of primary intracranial malignant tumors. Microenvironment enormously influences the process of glioma progression. Our study is to establish an individualized prognostic nomogram for glioma patients with microenvironment signature. Glioma samples of Chinese Glioma Genome Atlas (CGGA) were grouped by the immune and stromal score based on ESTIMATE algorithm. Microenvironment-related genes (MRGs) in glioma were analyzed by R. To determine the best prognostic correlation genes, univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis were used to analyze MRGs. Use the selected genes (CHI3L1, SOCS3, SLC47A2, COL3A1, SRPX2 and SERPINA3), we established the prognostic risk score model (microenvironment signature) and validated it. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) showed that the high-risk group was mainly enriched in immune and stromal function KEGG pathways. Finally, the nomogram was constructed and evaluated. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, Calibration plots and decision curve analysis (DCA) of training and validation set indicated the excellent predictive performance of nomogram. In conclusion, the 6-gene microenvironment signature can not only provide directions for the basic research of glioma, but also can be included as an independent prognostic index in nomogram for individual prediction to guide clinical treatment.
Antioxidant Activity of a Novel Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor: In Vivo and Ex vivo Studies
Authors: Simeonova Rumiana , Stavrakov Georgi , Philipova Irena , Atanasova Mariyana , Doytchinova Irini
Published: December 2020

The acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors are the main drugs for symptomatic treatment of neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer’s disease. A recently designed, synthesized and tested hybrid compound between the AChE inhibitor galantamine (GAL) and the antioxidant polyphenol curcumin (CU) showed high AChE inhibition in vitro. Here, we describe tests for acute and short-term toxicity in mice as well as antioxidant tests on brain homogenates measured the levels of malondialdehide (MDA) and glutathione (GSH). Haematological and serum biochemical analyses were also performed. In the acute toxicity tests, the novel AChE inhibitor given orally in mice showed LD50 of 49 mg/kg. The short-term administration of 2.5 and 5 mg/kg did not show toxicity. In the ex vivo tests, the GAL-CU hybrid performed better than GAL and CU themselves. In a dose of 5 mg/kg, it demonstrates 25% reduction in AChE activity, 28% and 73% increase in the levels of MDA and GSH, respectively. No significant changes in blood biochemical data were observed. The GAL-CU hybrid is a novel non-toxic AChE inhibitor with high antioxidant activity which makes it a perspective multitarget drug candidate for treatment of Alzheimer’s disease.
Nutritional Support of Neurodevelopment and Cognitive Function in Healthy Children – An Update and Novel Insights
Authors: Cohen Kadosh Kathrin , Muhardi Leilani , Parikh Panam , Basso Melissa , Jan Mohamed Hamid Jan , Prawitasari Titis , Folake Samuel , Ma Guansheng , Geurts J.M.W
Published: December 2020

Proper nutrition is crucial for normal brain and neurocognitive development. Failure to optimize neurodevelopment early in life can have profound long-term implications for both mental health and quality of life. Although the first 1000 days of life represent the most critical period of neurodevelopment, the central and peripheral nervous systems continue to develop and change throughout life. All this time, development and functioning depend on many factors, including adequate nutrition. In this review, we outline the role of nutrients in cognitive, emotional, and neural development in infants and young children with special attention to the emerging roles of polar lipids and high quality (available) protein. Furthermore, we discuss the dynamic nature of the gut-brain axis and the importance of microbial diversity in relation to a variety of outcomes, including brain maturation/function and behavior are discussed. Finally, the promising therapeutic potential of psychobiotics to modify gut microbial ecology in order to improve mental well-being is presented. Here we show that the individual contribution of nutrients, their interaction with other micro-and macronutrients, and the way in which they are organized in the food matrix are of crucial importance for normal neurocognitive development.
Genomic landscapes reveal post-transcriptional modifier disruption in cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Li Xiangcheng , Zhang Yaodong , Ma Zijian , Li Changxian , Wang Cheng , Jiang Wangjie , Chang Jiang , Han Sheng , Lu Zefa , Shao Zicheng , Wang Yirui , Wang Hongwei , Jiao Chenyu , Wang Dong , Wu Xiaofeng , Shen Hongbing , Wang Xuehao , Hu Zhibin
Published: December 2020

Molecular variation of different geographic populations and cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) subtypes indicate CCA’s potential genomic heterogeneity and novel genomic features. We analyzed exome-sequencing data of 87 perihialr cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA) and 261 intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA) from 3 Asian centers (including 43 pCCAs and 24 iCCAs from our center). Patients with iCCA presented higher tumor mutation burden and copy number alteration burden (CNAB) than pCCA patients, and CNAB indicated a poorer pCCA prognosis. In our newly identified 12 significantly mutated genes and 5 focal CNA regions, post-transcriptional modification-related novel driver genes METTL14 and RBM10 are prone to occur in pCCA. We demonstrated the tumor-suppressing functional role of METTL14, a major RNA N6-adenosine methyltransferase (m6A), and its loss-of-function mutation R298H may function through m6A modification on new driver gene MACF1. Our results may be valuable for better understanding of post-transcriptional modification effects CCA development, and similarities and differences between pCCA and iCCA.
The effect of nutrition and reproductive health education intervention on pregnant women in reducing stunting in Indonesia: A-quasi experimental study
Authors: Permatasari Tria Astika Endah , Rizqiya Fauza , Kusumaningati Walliyana , Suryaalamsah Inne Indraaryani , Hermiwahyoeni Zahrofa
Published: December 2020

Background: Almost one-third of children under five suffer from stunting in Indonesia. Stunting can be prevented optimally since the period of pregnancy as the initial phase of the first 1000 days of life. This study aims to determine the effect of nutrition education and reproductive health on pregnant women in Bogor Regency, Indonesia.Methods: A quasi-experimental study was conducted among 194 pregnant women from August to November 2019. The pregnant women were randomly selected from two different villages that were the stunting locus in Bogor Regency. The intervention group (n=97) received two hours of nutrition and reproductive health education in small groups (4-5 mothers per group) every two weeks for three consecutive months. This interactive education had been given by a facilitator using some techniques such as role-playing, lectures, simulation, and games. The control group (n=97) were to obtain regular health care services. A structured questionnaire was applied to collect data consisting of maternal characteristics, nutritional and reproductive health knowledge, attitudes, and practices in the intervention and control groups. Data were analyzed using t-test and chi-square analysis.Results: Pregnant women in the intervention group indicate a significant increase in knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding nutrition and health reproductive after being given an education. The pretest and posttest mean scores in the intervention group were 55.1 and 83.1; 40.2 and 49.0; and 36.2 and 40.2, for the overall mother's knowledge, attitudes, and practices, respectively. Whereas in the control group, there was no significance between the pretest and posttest mean for these three variables. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the posttest mean between the intervention group and the control group, but the diﬀerence was not signiﬁcant (p>0.05) at the pretest.Conclusion: Providing nutrition and reproductive health education through small groups with interactive methods improves the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women. This intervention has the potential to be replicated and developed into large-scale implementation by optimizing collaboration between government, non-governmental organizations, and maternal and child health service providers.
Predicting Rifampicin Resistance Mutations in Bacterial RNA Polymerase Subunit Beta Based on Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Ning Qing , Wang Dali , Cheng Fei , Zhong Yuheng , Ding Qi , You Jing
Published: December 2020

BackgroundMutations in an enzyme target are one of the most common mechanisms whereby antibiotic resistance arises. Identification of the resistance mutations in bacteria is essential for understanding the structural basis of antibiotic resistance and design of new drugs. However, the traditionally used experimental approaches to identify resistance mutations were usually labor-intensive and costly. ResultsWe present a machine learning (ML)-based classifier for predicting rifampicin (Rif) resistance mutations in bacterial RNA Polymerase subunit β (RpoB). A total of 66 resistance mutations were gathered from the literature to form positive dataset, while 53 residue variations of RpoB among a series of naturally occurring species were obtained as negative database. The features of the mutated RpoB and their binding energies with Rif were calculated through computational methods, and used as the mutation attributes for modelling. Classifiers based on four ML algorithms, i.e. decision tree, k nearest neighbors, naïve Bayes and supporting vector machine, were developed, which showed accuracy ranging from 0.69 to 0.76. A majority consensus approach was then used to obtain a new classifier based on the classifications of the four individual ML algorithms. The majority consensus classifier significantly improved the predictive performance, with accuracy, precision, recall and specificity of 0.83, 0.84, 0.86 and 0.83, respectively. ConclusionThe majority consensus classifier provides an alternative methodology for rapid identification of resistance mutations in bacteria, which may help with early detection of antibiotic resistance and new drug discovery.
Knowledge and Attitudes Regarding Amblyopia Among Parents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: a Cross-sectional Study
Authors: Basheikh Ahmed , Alhibshi Nizar , Bamakrid Motaz , Baqais Rasha , Basendwah Mohammed , Howldar Sara
Published: December 2020

Objectives: To assess parents’ perceptions about amblyopia and its causes, symptoms, risk factors, treatments, and the importance of follow-up and to evaluate their awareness regarding the consequences and critical complications.Results: Parents or their companions (n=401) were surveyed, and 52.9% were mothers, 81.8% of mothers and 85.7% of fathers were highly educated (diploma, college or university degree), and 58 (14.5%) had a child who was afflicted with amblyopia. The knowledge subscale (nine items) showed acceptable reliability. Twenty percent of the participants declared having knowledge about amblyopia, but assessment by item showed low percentages of an adequate knowledge level, ranging from 0% for amblyopia causes, 35.9% for definition, and 59.9% for whether amblyopia is a hereditary disease. Thus, the rate of adequate knowledge (KS≥8) was 25.9%, and was associated with parents’ nationality (p<0.05) and self-declared knowledge about amblyopia (p<0.001). No significant difference was observed among respondents who had a child with amblyopia. There was a lack of knowledge about basic information and different aspects of the disease, which emphasized the relevance of school-based screening programs and adequate use of trustworthy internet resources using easily understood medical information.
Prognostic value of Onodera’s Nutritional Index for intermediate and high risk gastrointestinal stromal tumors treated with or without Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors
Authors: Wang Feng , Tao Tingting , Yu Heng , Xu Yingying , Yang Zhi , Xia Xuefeng , Wang Meng , Zong Liang , Guan Wenxian
Published: December 2020

Background
Immunoinflammatory and nutritional markers such as peripheral blood neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) and onodera’s prognostic nutritional index (OPNI) have gained considerable attention and revealed preliminaryly as prognostic markers in gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST).
Methods
In this study, we firstly investigated the prognostic value of OPNI in GIST treated with or without TKIs based on the propensity score matching (PSM) method. All of the patients had received surgical resection for primary GIST, the data from 2010 to 2018 were initially and retrospectively identified from our gastrointestinal center. Recurrence-free survival (RFS) was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method and compared by the log-rank test.
Results
These patients who were treated with TKIs and those who did not were divided into two groups, and we used propensity score matching method to make them have more unified baseline data. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression models were applied to identify associations with outcome variables. A total of 563 GISTs were initially chosen and 280 of them were included for analysis under an inclusion criteria. After PSM, there were 200 patients included. Multivariate analyses identified OPNI was an independent prognostic marker, and was associated with primary site, tumor size, mitotic index, tumor rupture, necrosis, and modified NIH risk classification. Low OPNI (< 42.6; HR 0.315; P༜0.001) were associated with worse RFS.
Conclusions
Preoperative OPNI is a novel and useful prognostic marker for GISTs both treated with or without TKIs.
Integration of 3D interconnected sodium hydroxide modified biochar with the tile-like architecture of cobalt oxides for asymmetric supercapacitors
Authors: Norouzi Omid , Pourhoseini Seyed Esmaeil Mohammadi , Naderi Hamid Reza , Maria Francesco Di , Dutta Animesh
Published: December 2020

Two state-of-the-art electrodes were successfully synthesized and used to assemble both symmetric and asymmetric type supercapacitors. 3DFAB was fabricated by direct pyrolysis of green macroalgae in the presence of NaOH. Possible mechanisms of NaOH activation is proposed, which explains the formation of oxygen functional groups through quick penetration of OH- and NaOH into the vacancies. To obtain CoTLM, the tile-like architecture of cobalt oxides was introduced to the 3D interconnected functional algal biochar (3DFAB) by a simple one-pot hydrothermal method under mild conditions. For the symmetric supercapacitors, the maximum specific capacitance of RAB, 3DFAB, and CoTLM were 177 F g− 1, 322 F g− 1, and 529 F g− 1 at a scan rate of 5mVs− 1. Regarding cobalt-based asymmetric systems, the maximum capacitance for the RAB//CoTLM and 3DFAB//CoTLM were ∼300 F g− 1 and 400 F g− 1, respectively. The 3DFAB//CoTLM showed a higher energy density compared with RAB//CoTLM, while the RAB//CoTLM exhibited better cycling performance (99.1% of its initial capacitance after 4 k cycles at the current density of 4 A g 1).
Chemical Composition of Leaves and Hull from Pistacia Vera L. an Evaluation of Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Properties of their Extracts
Authors: Elakremi Manel , Sillero Leyre , Ayed Lazher , Labidi Jalel , Moussaoui Younes
Published: December 2020

The pistachio industry in Tunisia generates a high amount of waste every year due to the large pistachio production. This, together with the good properties of the compounds that can be extracted from these by-products, makes it necessary a comprehensive study of their potential. Because of that, the aim of this work was to analyze the chemical characterization of male and female leaves and hull of Pistacia vera L. and their ethanol-water extracts. With that purpose, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents of the extracts were determined and their antioxidant activities were investigated using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP methods. The total phenolic content varied from 218to533mg GAE/g DE, and the total flavonoid content varied from119to 397 mg CE/g DE. In general, the antioxidant activity showed significant values. The DPPH assay and the ABTS assay were in the range of 332–704 mg TE/g DE and 427and 1394 mg TE/g DE, respectively .In the case of FRAP, male leaves extract had the best result, being the TE value 808 mg TE/g DE. All the extracts were rich in phenolic compounds and possess valuable antioxidant activities. Therefore, leaves and hull of Pistacia vera L. could be used as cheap natural antioxidant in different applications.
Prevotella Copri Increases fat Accumulation in Pigs fed by Formula Diets
Authors: Chen Congying , Fang Shaoming , Wei Hong , He Maozhang , Fu Hao , Xiong Xinwei , Zhou Yunyan , Wu Jingyuan , Gao Jun , Yang Hui , Huang Lusheng
Published: December 2020

Background: Excessive fat accumulation of pigs is undesirable. It severely affects economic return of modern pig industry. Studies in humans and mice have examined the role of the gut microbiome in host energy metabolism. Commercial Duroc pigs are often fed formula diets with high energy and protein. Whether and how the gut microbiome under this type of diets regulates swine fat accumulation is largely unknown.Results: In the present study, we systematically investigated the correlation of gut microbiome with pig lean meat percentage (LMP) in a total of 698 commercial Duroc pigs. We demonstrate that the gut microbiome of fat pigs was dominated by P. copri which occupied 23.53% and 5.76% of relative abundance in average in the discovery and validation cohort, respectively. High abundance of P. copri in the gut resulted in a higher abundance of serum metabolites associated with chronic inflammation, e.g., branched chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids, the metabolites of arachidonic acid metabolism and lipopolysaccharides. Host intestinal barrier permeability and chronic inflammation response were increased. A gavage experiment using germ-free mice confirmed that the P. copri isolated from experimental pigs was a causal species increasing host fat accumulation. Host colon, adipose tissue, and muscle transcriptomes indicated that P. copri colonization significantly upregulated the expression of the genes related to immune and inflammatory responses, lipogenesis, and fat accumulation, but attenuated the genes associated with lipolysis, lipid transport, and muscle growth.Conclusions: Taken together, we identified and confirmed that P. copri in the gut microbial communities of pigs fed by commercial formula diets results in the significantly increased fat deposition of pigs, and proposed a possible mechanism of P. copri affecting fat accumulation. The results provided fundamental knowledges for reducing pig fat accumulation through regulating the gut microbial composition in pig industry.
Airway Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Density in Mechanically Ventilated Patients: Clinical Impact and Relation to Therapeutic Efficacy of Antibiotics
Authors: Migiyama Yohei , Sakata Shinya , Iyama Shinji , Tokunaga Kentaro , Saruwatari Koichi , Tomita Yusuke , Saeki Sho , Okamoto Shinichiro , Ichiyasu Hidenori , Sakagami Takuro
Published: December 2020

Background: The bacterial density of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is closely related to its pathogenicity. We evaluated the effect of airway PA density on the clinical course of mechanically ventilated (MV) patients and the therapeutic efficacy of antibiotics.Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data of intensive care unit (ICU) MV patients with PA isolated from endotracheal aspirates (ETAs). Patients were divided into three groups according to the peak PA density during ICU stay: low-PA (≤104 cfu/mL), moderate-PA (105‒106 cfu/mL), and high-PA (≥107 cfu/mL) groups. The relationship between PA density and weaning from MV, risk factors for high-PA isolation, and antibiotic efficacy were investigated using multivariate and propensity score-matched analyses.Results: Four-hundred-and-sixty-one patients were enrolled. Patients with high-PA had higher inflammation and developed more severe respiratory infections. High PA was independently associated with few ventilator-free days on day 28 (P < 0.01) and increased ICU mortality (P = 0.047). Risk factors for high PA were prolonged MV (odd ratio [OR] 3.07 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.35‒6.97), non-antipseudomonal cephalosporins (OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.35‒3.49), hyperglycemia (OR 2.01, 95% CI 1.26‒3.22) during ICU stay, and respiratory diseases (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.12‒3.23). Isolation of normal respiratory flora was associated with lower risks of high PA (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.26‒0.73). Propensity score-matched analysis revealed that antibiotic therapy for patients with ventilator-associated tracheobronchitis (VAT) improved weaning from MV only in the high-PA group.Conclusions: High PA significantly affected the clinical course of MV patients and could be a good therapeutic indicator for VAT treatment.
Patterns and patient factors associated with loss to follow-up in the Muhimbili Sickle Cell Cohort, Tanzania
Authors: Masamu Upendo , Sangeda Raphael Zozimus , Kandoga Daniel , Ondego Jesca , Ndobho Florah , Mmbando Bruno , Nkya Siana , Msami Khadija , Makani Julie
Published: December 2020

Background: Monitoring patient's clinical attendance is a crucial means of improving retention in care and treatment programmes. Sickle cell patients' outcomes are improved by participation in comprehensive care programmes, but these benefits cannot be achieved when patients are lost from clinical care. In this study, patients are defined as loss to follow-up when they did not attend clinic for more than nine months. Precise information on the retention rate and characteristics of those who are not following their clinic appointments is needed to enable the implementation of interventions that will be effective in increasing the retention to care. Method: This was a retrospective study involving sickle cell patients registered in the Muhimbili Sickle Cohort in Tanzania. Descriptive and survival analysis techniques both non-parametric methods (Kaplan-Meier estimator and Log-rank test) and semi-parametric method (Cox’s proportional hazard model), were used. A p-value of 0.05 was considered significant to make an inference from the analysis.Results: A total of 5476 patients were registered in the cohort from 2004 to 2016. Of these, 3350 (58.13%) were actively participating in clinics, while 2126 (41.87%) were inactive, of which 1927 (35.19%) were loss to follow-up. We used data from 2004-2014 because between 2015-2016, patients were referred to other government hospitals. From the survival analysis results, pediatric (HR: 14.29,95% CI: 11.0071-18.5768, p <0.001) and children between 5-17 years [HR:2.61,95% CI:2.2324 - 3.0705, p< 0.001] patients were more likely to be loss to follow-up than the adult (18 and above years) patients. It was found that patients with above averages for hematocrit (HR: 2.38, 95% CI: 1.0076 - 1.0404, p=0.0039) or mean cell volume (HR: 4.28, (95% CI: 1.0260 - 1.0598, p<0.001) were more likely to be loss to follow-up than their counterparts. Conclusion: Loss to follow-up is evident in the cohort of patients in long term comprehensive care. It is, therefore, necessary to design interventions that improve patients’ retention. Suggested solutions include refresher training for health care workers and those responsible for patient follow-up on techniques for retaining patients and comprehensive transition programs to prepare patients who are moving from pediatric to adult clinics