bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Alternativas para a agregação de valor aos resíduos da industrialização de peixe
Authors: Feltes Maria M. C. , Correia João F. G. , Beirão Luiz H. , Block Jane M. , Ninow Jorge L. , Spiller Valeria R.
Published: June 2010

O setor pesqueiro, em especial a pesca extrativa marinha, é uma atividade de grande importância econômica em diversas localidades do Brasil. A industrialização de peixe gera uma quantidade expressiva de resíduos ricos em proteínas e em ácidos graxos de cadeia longa, entre os quais se destacam os insaturados da série ômega-3. Este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer uma revisão sobre as alternativas tecnológicas disponíveis para aproveitamento de resíduos de peixe, como maneira de se agregar valor a este material, sob o enfoque da tecnologia limpa. Este material pode ser processado para a obtenção de óleo, farinha ou silagem que, por sua vez, podem ser aplicados na alimentação animal. O óleo obtido pode ainda ser estabilizado mediante reações de interesterificação, sendo que os triacilgliceróis estruturados assim obtidos podem ser aplicados em rações, com vantagens nutricionais sobre os óleos originais. Os resíduos de peixe podem ser aplicados como substrato para a produção de proteína texturizada, concentrado protéico, carne mecanicamente separada, surimi, produtos reestruturados ou até mesmo óleo, utilizados na alimentação humana. A conversão do óleo obtido a biodiesel é outra proposta de interesse particular no campo de combustíveis alternativos.
Transferência internacional de conhecimento na multinacional: quando o jogo competitivo multimercado se sobrepõe aos mecanismos internos de coordenação
Authors: Ferreira Manuel Portugal , Li Dan , Serra Fernando A. Ribeiro
Published: June 2010

Uma parte importante da investigação existente sobre empresas multinacionais procura explicar por que e como a transferência de conhecimento, ou de tecnologia, ocorre dentro das multinacionais. A maioria dessa investigação trata as transferências num contexto que pressupõe a cooperação entre as subsidiárias geograficamente dispersas. Neste artigo, explicamos como nem sempre as subsidiárias cooperam e, pelo contrário, pelo menos às vezes, competem, e exploramos algumas implicações dessa diferença para que as transferências de conhecimento efetivamente ocorram. Ao examinar as relações de cooperação e de competição entre as subsidiárias de uma mesma multinacional, sugerimos que o sucesso da transferência de conhecimento depende do formato organizacional da empresa multinacional, do alinhamento entre a estratégia internacional e a estrutura organizacional, e do sistema de recompensas em prática. Na ausência destes, parece razoável sugerir que emerge uma competição multimercado entre as subsidiárias que é originada pela sobreposição na carteira de produtos, tecnologias e mercados das subsidiárias.
Fotografando estrelas com uma câmera digital
Authors: Ourique Pedro Antônio , Giovannini Odilon , Catelli Francisco
Published: June 2010

Diversas possibilidades de uso da câmera fotográfica digital no ensino de astronomia são apresentadas neste trabalho. As técnicas aqui descritas envolvem recursos acessíveis e de baixo custo quando comparados com equipamentos profissionais que são usados para este fim. Na primeira parte do trabalho são apresentadas configurações da câmera que permitem obter imagens do céu noturno; na segunda parte são descritas estratégias didáticas de ensino de astronomia por meio destas imagens.
Estudo de filtros RC para baixas e altas freqüências por meio de um circuito para superposição de sinais
Authors: Carlin N. , Szanto E.M. , Ichiwaki R. , Jorge F.O. , Seale W.A. , Souza F.A.
Published: June 2010

Apresentamos nesse trabalho, um experimento realizado nos Laboratórios didáticos do Instituto de Física da USP, relacionado ao estudo do funcionamento de filtros RC para baixas e altas freqüências. Para tal, foi especialmente projetado um circuito que efetua a superposição de um sinal gerado internamente, a uma onda senoidal externa. Várias situações experimentais podem ser geradas, por meio da variação da freqüência, tanto do sinal interno quanto da onda senoidal externa. Um estudo das componentes de freqüência de Fourier é também realizado para se estabelecer os parâmetros de funcionamento dos filtros. O funcionamento dos circuitos como integradores e diferenciadores também é explorado. Os estudantes são, portanto, levados a compreender a eficácia desses filtros mais simples, dependendo das freqüências dos sinais de entrada e correspondentes componentes de Fourier, e das freqüências de corte estabelecidas.
Poço quadrado quântico finito e método de fatorização
Authors: Freitas G.B. , Veigas R.G. , Drigo Filho E.
Published: June 2010

O sistema constituído de uma partícula sujeita a uma poço de potencial quadrado quântico finito é muito explorado em estudos iniciais de mecânica quântica e se mostra bastante útil para descrever sistemas confinados. Neste artigo mostra-se uma maneira alternativa, através do método de fatorização, para determinar as autofunções e os autovalores de energia para o sistema.
Estudando campos magnéticos e histerese com um anel de Rowland
Authors: Lüdke Everton
Published: June 2010

Neste artigo, discuto uma implementação de um experimento simples destinado a laboratórios didáticos de eletromagnetismo como material de apoio para a investigação de campos magnéticos e histerese pelo aluno, empregando o clássico método do anel de Rowland. Um gerador de sinal produz H em um anel toroidal de material ferromagnético enquando que o sinal captado por uma bobina sensora é amplificado e integrado, possibilitando que a curva de histerese do material seja visualizada na tela de um osciloscópio pelo método de figuras de Lissajous. Uma metodologia adequada para explorar o experimento em um grupo de alunos também é apresentada.
Do International Online Collaborative Learning Projects Impact Ethnocentrism?
Authors: Boehm Diane , Kurthen Hermann , Aniola-Jedrzejek Lilianna
Published: June 2010

Preparing students for success in a globalized world invites new approaches. Online collaboration between students from different countries via globally networked learning environments (GNLEs) is one such approach. This article presents the results of a six-semester study beginning in 2006 of international online project collaborations between undergraduate students at a university in the United States and in Poland. The two universities and student populations involved have very different learning environments, backgrounds, and programs, raising interesting questions about the impact of such international collaborations on student intercultural awareness. Focusing on one aspect of such awareness – ethnocentrism – this article reports on a quasi-experimental study using James Neuliep's 22-item Generalized Ethnocentrism (GENE) scale, designed to measure ethnocentrism. The findings suggest that the international online collaborations reported in this study did not have any statistically significant impact on ethnocentrism. With the high level of interest in GNLE approaches, these findings point to the need for more study to better understand the attitudinal effects of international online collaboration.
Palytoxin and Analogs: Biological and Ecological Effects
Authors: Ramos Vítor , Vasconcelos Vítor
Published: June 2010

Palytoxin (PTX) is a potent marine toxin that was originally found in soft corals from tropical areas of the Pacific Ocean. Soon after, its occurrence was observed in numerous other marine organisms from the same ecological region. More recently, several analogs of PTX were discovered, remarkably all from species of the dinoflagellate genus Ostreopsis. Since these dinoflagellates are also found in other tropical and even in temperate regions, the formerly unsuspected broad distribution of these toxins was revealed. Toxicological studies with these compounds shows repeatedly low LD50 values in different mammals, revealing an acute toxic effect on several organs, as demonstrated by different routes of exposure. Bioassays tested for some marine invertebrates and evidences from environmental populations exposed to the toxins also give indications of the high impact that these compounds may have on natural food webs. The recognition of its wide distribution coupled with the poisoning effects that these toxins can have on animals and especially on humans have concerned the scientific community. In this paper, we review the current knowledge on the effects of PTX and its analogs on different organisms, exposing the impact that these toxins may have in coastal ecosystems.
Apport de la gravimétrie à l’étude de la structure du bassin du Haouz (Maroc)
Authors: El Goumi N. , Jaffal M. , Kchikach A. , Manar A.
Published: June 2010

[fr] La présente étude a pour objectif d’améliorer la connaissance de la structure du bassin du Haouz en se basant sur l’analyse des données gravimétriques. Dans un premier temps, une carte des anomalies résiduelle a été calculée à partir de la carte de l’anomalie de Bouguer, fortement affectée par un gradient régional. La carte calculée fournit des informations sur la variation de la densité du sous-sol, expliquée principalement par des ondulations du toit du socle paléozoïque sous la couverture sédimentaire. Toutefois, afin d’exploiter davantage cette carte, celle-ci a été analysée à l’aide d’une méthode qui permet de mettre en évidence les différentes structures géologiques, en combinant le calcul du gradient horizontal et du prolongement vers le haut. Les résultats obtenus ont permis d’établir une carte structurale du bassin du Haouz qui confirme l’existence de structures déjà reconnues ou supposées par les études géologiques classiques en précisant leur tracés et pendages, et met en évidence de nouveaux accidents, restés au contraire inconnus jusqu’à nos jours. Cette carte montre que le système de failles responsable de la structuration du bassin du Haouz est organisé selon deux familles de directions NE-SW et NW-SE.
Chemical characterization and oxidative stability of the oils from three morphotypes of Mauritia flexuosa L.f, from the Peruvian Amazon
Authors: Vásquez-Ocmín Pedro G. , Freitas Alvarado Luis , Sotero Solís Víctor , Paván Torres Rosángela , Mancini-Filho Jorge
Published: June 2010

Three morphotypes of aguaje Mauritia flexuosa were tested, classified by the color of their mesocarpium: “color”, “shambo” and “amarillo”, collected from different areas near the city of Iquitos, Peru. Also, physical-chemical analyses of the mesocarpium were performed, such as the characterization of fatty acids by gas chromatography, determination of β- carotene y α – tocopherol by high efficiency liquid chromatography system in normal and reverse phase and the determination of oxidation induction time in the Rancimat apparatus. Proximate, mineral and fatty acid analyses were done on the seeds. The aguaje mesocarpium is rich in oleic oil (“amarillo”: 75.63% ± 0.31), β-carotene (“amarillo”: 342.42ug/g ± 0.71) and α- tocopherol (“color”: 685.81mg/L ± 1.04), plus the morphotype “color” has a superior oxidation induction time compared to other morphotypes with 6.91 ± 0.01. The aguaje seed contains significant amounts of ω6 (linoleic oil) in “shambo” with 36.04 ± 0.09%. The results indicate that these oils, regardless their classification, contain important chemical compounds that give them a special nutritive value.
Influence of the olive exploitation system on the net profit of the producer. Strategies for extensive olive fields in the context of the absence of subsidies
Authors: Vilar Hernández Juan , Velasco Gámez María del Mar , Puentes Poyatos Raquel
Published: June 2010

This article compares the competiveness and profit margins of different cultivation systems and analyzes these circumstances for this agricultural activity and at the same time gives some different alternatives in order to help to improve the net profit from traditional olive tree cultivation. These different strategies are always based on field concentration, work force and innovation activity.
A tentative characterization of volatile compounds from Iberian Dry-Cured Ham according to different anatomical locations. A detailed study
Authors: Narváez-Rivas Mónica , Gallardo Emerenciana , Ríos José Julián , León-Camacho Manuel
Published: June 2010

The aim of this work was to carry out a characterization of the volatile fraction of 23 Iberian dry-cured hams by GC-iontrap- MS. Two different locations –subcutaneous fat and musclefrom the slices taken parallel to the femur from each ham were analyzed. The analyses were done by Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrometry with a polar capillary column and after a previous extraction using the Purge and Trap method. A total of 109 volatile compounds were identified, twenty-eight of which for the first time in Iberian dry-cured ham (isopropanol, 4-methyl-5-decanol, 2-butyl-1-octanol, 2-etoxy-ethanol, 2-ethyl-phenol, 2-hexen-1-ol, 3,5-octadien-2-ol, 2-decen- 1-ol, 5-ethylcyclopent-1-enecarboxaldehyde, 2,4-heptadienal, 6-nonenal, cyclopentanone, 3-ethenyl-cyclohexanone, 2-methyl-cyclopentanone, 6-octen-2-one, 5-methyl-2-(1-methylethyl)- cyclopentanone, 3,5-octadien-2-one, 2-hydroxymethyl- 2,3,3-trimethyl-oxirane, 2-ethyl-hexyl 2-propenoate, 1-methoxypentane, 2,3-dihydrofurane, 2-D-2-pentadecyl-1,3-dioxolane, hexyl octyl eter, eucalyptol, di-(3-methyl-buthyl) eter, piperidine, isopropylamine and 2-ethenyl-pyridine).
Enhancement of biodiesel production from different species of algae
Authors: El-Moneim M. R. Afify Abd , Shalaby Emad A. , Shanab Sanaa M. M.
Published: June 2010

Eight algal species (4 Rhodo, 1 chloro and 1 phaeophycean macroalgae, 1 cyanobacterium and 1 green microalga) were used for the production of biodiesel using two extraction solvent systems (Hexane/ether (1:1, v/v)) and (Chloroform/ methanol (2:1, v/v)). Biochemical evaluations of algal species were carried out by estimating biomass, lipid, biodiesel and sediment (glycerin and pigments) percentages. Hexane/ ether (1:1, v/v) extraction solvent system resulted in low lipid recoveries (2.3-3.5% dry weight) while; chloroform/methanol (2: 1, v/v) extraction solvent system was proved to be more efficient for lipid and biodiesel extraction (2.5 – 12.5% dry weight) depending on algal species. The green microalga Dictyochloropsis splendida extract produced the highest lipid and biodiesel yield (12.5 and 8.75% respectively) followed by the cyanobacterium Spirulina platensis (9.2 and 7.5 % respectively). On the other hand, the macroalgae (red, brown and green) produced the lowest biodiesel yield. The fatty acids of Dictyochloropsis splendida Geitler biodiesel were determined using gas liquid chromatography. Lipids, biodiesel and glycerol production of Dictyochloropsis splendida Geitler (the promising alga) were markedly enhanced by either increasing salt concentration or by nitrogen deficiency with maximum production of (26.8, 18.9 and 7.9 % respectively) at nitrogen starvation condition.
Action and fate of natural and synthetic antioxidants during frying
Authors: Marmesat S. , Morales A. , Velasco J. , Dobarganes M. C.
Published: June 2010

The action of antioxidants to delay lipid oxidation in fats and oils is well known although most of the information is related to their effects at room temperature during storage or at the moderate temperatures of the accelerated tests to measure oil stability. However, oxidation at the high temperatures of food processes like frying, is more complex because the availability of air is unknown and both oxidative and thermal reactions are simultaneously involved. In this review, the main studies defining the action of natural and synthetic antioxidants at frying temperatures are summarized. This review has been divided into two main parts concerning the information on natural antioxidants, i.e. tocopherols and other phenolic compounds present in specific oils like olive, sesame and rice bran oils, and on synthetic antioxidants, i.e. BHA, BHT and TBHQ.
A comparative study of recycled aggregates from concrete and mixed debris as material for unbound road sub-base
Authors: Jiménez J. R. , Agrela F. , Ayuso J. , López M.
Published: June 2010

Seven different types of recycled aggregates from construction and demolition waste (CDW) have been evaluated as granular materials for unbound road sub-bases construction. The results showed that recycled concrete aggregates complied with all specifications for using in the construction of unbound structural layers (sub-base) for T3 and T4 traffic categories according to the Spanish General Technical Specification for Road Construction (PG-3). Some mixed recycled aggregates fell short of some specifications due to a high content of sulphur compounds and poor fragmentation resistance. Sieving off the fine fraction prior to crushing the mixed CDW reduce the total sulphur content and improve the quality of the mixed recycled aggregates, by contrast, pre-sieving concrete CDW had no effect on the quality of the resulting aggregates. The results were compared with a crushed limestone as natural aggregate.
Collecting Datasets from Ambient Intelligence Environments
Authors: Zappi Piero , Lombriser Clemens , Benini Luca , Tröster Gerhard
Published: June 2010

This paper describes a methodology and lessons learned from collecting datasets in Ambient Intelligence Environments. The authors present considerations on how to setup an experiment and discuss decisions taken at different planning steps, ranging from the selection of human activities over sensor choices to issues of the recording software. The experiment design and execution is illustrated through a dataset involving 150 recording sessions with 28 sensors worn on the subject body and embedded into tools and the environment. The paper also describes a number of unforeseen problems that affected the experiment and useful considerations that help other researchers recording their own ambient intelligence datasets.
Casting the Ubiquitous Net of Information Control
Authors: Tai Zixue
Published: June 2010

Alongside the rise of the Internet as a pivotal economic and cultural force in Chinese society, the Chinese government has implemented a two-tiered strategy in dealing with the great potential and underlying risks associated with the network era. This paper offers a critical, in-depth overview of China’s state-orchestrated Internet surveillance apparatus from the Great Firewall to the latest Green Dam project. The author examines the conceptual and historical evolution of the Golden Shield program and analyzes the legal framework through which official regulation is justified or rationalized. Next, the author examines the prevalent practice of industry self-regulation among both Chinese and foreign companies engaged in online business in China. The paper ends with a discussion of the aborted official effort of extending content control to individual computers with the Green Dam Youth Escort project.
An Evaluation Method of Relative Reducts Based on Roughness of Partitions
Authors: Kudo Yasuo , Murai Tetsuya
Published: June 2010

This paper focuses on rough set theory which provides mathematical foundations of set-theoretical approximation for concepts, as well as reasoning about data. Also presented in this paper is the concept of relative reducts which is one of the most important notions for rule generation based on rough set theory. In this paper, from the viewpoint of approximation, the authors introduce an evaluation criterion for relative reducts using roughness of partitions that are constructed from relative reducts. The proposed criterion evaluates each relative reduct by the average of coverage of decision rules based on the relative reduct, which also corresponds to evaluate the roughness of partition constructed from the relative reduct,
An Exploratory Study of the Key Skills for Entry-Level ERP Employees
Authors: Peslak Alan R. , Boyle Todd A.
Published: June 2010

This research identifies the key skills (e.g., business, team, communication) that industries expect for entry level positions involving enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems. Based on a review of the literature, a number of possible core skills that ERP entry level employees should possess are identified. To identify the relative importance of these specific skills, a web-based survey involving IT professionals from 105 organizations is conducted. Analyzing the findings using exploratory factor analysis and scale reliability analysis indicates four specific and significant factors representing the major key skills that industry expects from entry level ERP positions labeled for this study such as systems analysis and integration, team skills, project management, and business and application understanding. Various common technical skills (e.g., programming, networks) were found to be significantly less important than the business and team skills. This study should assist companies in developing criteria for evaluating potential candidates for entry level positions in ERP systems, as well as universities for evaluating the relevancy of their IT and Business programs.
Careful What You Say
Authors: Ognyanova Katherine
Published: June 2010

This paper outlines the practices of state control over Internet content in Russia, explaining their grounding in the information culture and media environment of the country. Building on existing data on freedom of the press and online censorship, the present work provides a socio-cultural context expanding the understanding of Kremlin’s influence on the Web. To this end, three relevant planes of power relations are explored. The first one involves censorship and self-censorship routines embedded in Russian information traditions. The second pertains to the state-controlled traditional media, where news goes through a political filter and Internet gets framed in a particular restricted manner. The third domain is that of legislative frameworks and their selective application. The paper suggests that the tools used to control objectionable materials on the Russian Web are not Internet-specific. Rather, they should be seen as an extension of the censorship mechanisms used in traditional media.
"YouTube Debate"
Authors: Deligiaouri Anastasia , Symeonidis Panagiotis
Published: June 2010

The convergence of television with Internet technologies has renewed the discussion about a new era of political communication. The adoption of Internet communication regulations in television programs has created a new hybrid model of “Internetized Television.” This hybrid model aims to reverse the passivity of television democracy, supporting a more active political participation by citizens. In this paper, an extensive empirical study of certain variables relating to participation in internetized television was conducted, focusing, in particular, on the impact of this new medium during the 2007 national elections in Greece, when a specific broadcast was aired on TV, namely the “Skai-YouTube Debate.” Based on the results of the authors’ survey, an in-depth theoretical discussion of the political and communicative challenges imposed by this form of internetized television was conducted.
Mobile Multimedia Streaming Using Secure Multipath in Wireless Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Chen Lei , Lee Chung-wei
Published: June 2010

Supporting reliable and secure multimedia streaming service is a challenging task in the environment of wireless Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) where radio signals are prone to security attacks and the quality of media streaming is degraded by signal strength loss and interference. The mobility of mobile devices makes streaming even more difficult as communication links are often broken when the devices move out of the transmission range of their neighbors. This paper proposes a stable multipath routing algorithm and an intelligent secure data distribution scheme for multimedia streaming in MANETs. The multipath Neighbor Stability Routing is able to find more stable and long-lasting paths than traditional ad hoc routing algorithms. The secure data distribution takes historical data-path distribution into consideration and maximally disperses new multimedia data to reduce the possibility of information leakage to unauthorized parties. The authors’ simulation and analysis indicate that the combination of these two mechanisms can provide high quality paths to achieve secure multimedia streaming.
Universal Broadband
Authors: Yates David J. , Weiss Joseph W.
Published: June 2010

A new digital divide is emerging both within and between nations that is due to inequalities in broadband Internet access. To bridge the global broadband divide, organizations and individuals must collaborate to provide broadband access to a converged high-speed Internet for both rich and poor citizens worldwide. The authors argue that addressing this global problem is an ethical imperative that requires bridging the perspectives of multiple stakeholders and applying their collective resources, power and will. This paper develops a comprehensive framework, using stakeholder theory, which identifies the global stakeholders as well as the roles and responsibilities that these stakeholders must assume to balance their self-interest with serving the common good. The authors’ framework also highlights relationships between key stakeholders, namely governments and their citizens, businesses in the information and communication technology (ICT) industries, and other organizations. This paper makes four important observations that can guide governments and other stakeholders in bridging the broadband divide in pursuit of the common good.
Strategic Implementation Effectiveness
Authors: Paisittanand Sineenad , Digman L. A. , Lee Sang M.
Published: June 2010

The creation and the use of knowledge have been regarded as important issues for management. A wide range of studies have investigated this topic during the last decade. Notwithstanding these contributions, little systematic attention has been paid to the linkages between knowledge capabilities and strategy implementation. Drawing from knowledge capabilities theory and strategy implementation literature, two aspects of knowledge capabilities in an organization and their effect on strategy implementation effectiveness are investigated; knowledge process capabilities (KPC) and knowledge infrastructure capabilities (KIC). This study hypothesized that KPC affects strategy implementation effectiveness (SIE) and that KPC affects KIC. The third hypothesis proposed the effect of KIC on SIE by examining the mediating role played by KIC in linking KPC and SIE. 1,321 middle-managers were sent questionnaires via electronic mail and 162 were returned. The findings indicated the presence of a mediation effect of KIC on the relationship between KPC and SIE. This study provides guidelines for middle-managers to better understand how to develop activities of KPC and KIC for SIE. In this study, the authors enhance understanding of the strategic importance of knowledge in an organization, especially in the area of strategy implementation.
A Least-Laxity-First Scheduling Algorithm of Variable Time Slice for Periodic Tasks
Authors: Teng Shaohua , Zhang Wei , Zhu Haibin , Fu Xiufen , Su Jiangyi , Cui Baoliang
Published: June 2010

The LLF (Least Laxity First) scheduling algorithm assigns a priority to a task according to its executing urgency. The smaller the laxity value of a task is, the sooner it needs to be executed. When two or more tasks have same or approximate laxity values, LLF scheduling algorithm leads to frequent switches among tasks, causes extra overhead in a system, and therefore, restricts its application. The least switch and laxity first scheduling algorithm is proposed in this paper by searching out an appropriate common divisor in order to improve the LLF algorithm for periodic tasks.
Not Just Software
Authors: Callén Blanca , López Daniel , Doménech Miquel , Tirado Francisco
Published: June 2010

The practice of developing and creating Free Software has been the centre of attention for studies related to economics, knowledge production, laws and the intellectual property framework. However, the practice that constitutes the initiative of Free Software also means a call to rethink current forms of political action and the in-depth meaning of what is understood as “political”. This constitutes the field which has been called techno-activism. Along these lines, the authors propose a particular reading of the political challenge that is Free Software from the standpoint of Hardt and Negri’s (2000) theoretical work. The authors put forward various contributions -regarding the organization, the agents and the form of political action- that they consider to pose a crisis for traditional proposals and urge society to renew its way of relating to information, the raw material upon which the current exercise of government and practices of techno-activist resistance rest.
Amateur Versus Professionals Politics, Citizenship and Science
Authors: Lafuente Antonio , Alonso Andoni
Published: June 2010

Scientific and technological expertise is currently experiencing a crisis. The public shows a growing distrust in many aspects related to the techno-scientific development. The birth of that suspicion begins after World War II but has transformed in the past few decades. In this paper, the authors examine how that doubt has specific features in the present moment. Also, there is a reaction to propose another way to make scientific and technological research where there is a more participative spirit. These changes reshape traditional ideas on science, technology and progress. Amateur efforts in science and technology maybe are opening the possibility of a change for these activities and information technology seems to support these efforts. If these can be considered, a consistent trend is difficult to predict.
Details of Temperature Compensation for Strain Measurements on NPL Bridge - Demonstrator for SHM
Authors: Barton Elena N. , Zhang B.
Published: June 2010

This paper is part of ongoing structural health monitoring in the National Physical Laboratory. The work is aimed at improving reliability of sensors and increasing the uptake of monitoring systems by improving the understanding of the fundamental interactions between the sensors and their environments. It is important to optimize and validate the selection of the sensors for each application in order to ensure that the results are meaningful. An example of unexpected aspects of a sensor performance exposed to temperature and solar radiation is demonstrated and the importance of temperature compensation is highlighted. More work is required fully to explain this phenomenon.
Finite Element Model Updating of a Thin Wall Enclosure under Impact Excitation
Authors: David-West O.S. , Wang J. , Cooper R.
Published: June 2010

Simulation result of a structural dynamics problem is dependent on the techniques used in the finite element model and the major task in model updating is determination of the changes to be made to the numerical model so that dynamic properties are comparable to the experimental result. In this paper, the dynamic analysis of a thin wall structure ( approx. 1.5±0.1 mm thick) was realized using the Lanczos tool to extract the modes between 0 and 200 Hz, but the interest was to achieve a good aggreement between the first ten natural frequencies. A shell element with mid size nodes was used to improve the finite element result and the model was tunned using the damping constant, material properties and discretization. The correlation of the results from the impact excitation response test and the finite element was significantly improved. A correlation coefficient of 0.99 was achieved after tunning the model.
Determination of High Strain-Rate Compressive Stress-Strain Loops of Selected Polymers
Authors: Yokoyama Takashi , Nakai Kenji
Published: June 2010

Compressive stress-strain loops of selected polymers at strain rates up to nearly 800/s are determined in a strain range of nearly 8% on the standard split Hopkinson pressure bar. Four different commercially available extruded polymers are tested at room temperature. The compressive stress-strain loops at low and intermediate strain rates are measured on an Instron testing machine. The effects of strain rate on the Young's modulus, flow stress and dissipation energy are discussed. It is shown that the area included within the stress-strain loop increases with increasing strain rate as well as a given strain, that is, all four extruded polymers tested exhibit intrinsic strain-rate dependent viscoelastic behavior and a high elastic aftereffect following complete unloading.
Effects of Bonded Splice Joints on the Flexural Response of Pultruded Fibre Reinforced Polymer Beams
Authors: Turvey G.J.
Published: June 2010

Three Pultruded Fibre Reinforced Polymer (PFRP) 152 x 152 x 6.4mm Wide Flange (WF) beams were fabricated with a central two-plate splice joint. The 6.4mm thick PFRP splice plates were 210, 410 and 610mm long. Each beam was tested in symmetric four-point bending about its major and minor-axis and deflections, rotations and surface strains were recorded. Beam transverse stiffnesses, support rotations and splice rotational stiffnesses were quantified and compared with theoretical predictions. Predicted deflections were 3.5% to 18.5% larger and support rotations were 10% smaller to 14.2% larger than the experimental values. Splice end rotations were generally poorly predicted.
Viscoelastic Characterization of Short Fibres Reinforced Thermoplastic in Tension and Shearing
Authors: Andriyana A. , Silva Luisa , Billon Noelle
Published: June 2010

The present work can be regarded as a first step toward an integrated modelling of mould filling during injection moulding process of polymer matrix composites and the resulting material behaviour under service loading conditions. More precisely, the emphasis of the present research is laid on the development of a mechanical model which takes into account the processing-induced microstructure and is capable to predict the mechanical response of the material. In the Part I, a set of experiments which captures the mechanical behaviour of an injection moulded short fibre reinforced under different strain histories is described. Three mechanical testing are conducted: Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA), uniaxial tension and simple shear. Tests show that the material exhibits complex responses mainly due to non-linearity, anisotropy, time/rate-dependence, hysteresis and permanent strain. Moreover, the relaxed state of the material is characterized by the existence of a so-called anisotropic equilibrium hysteresis independently of the prescribed strain rate.
Investigation into the Damping and Stiffness Characteristics of an Elevator Car System
Authors: Herrera I. , Su H. , Kaczmarczyk Stefan
Published: June 2010

Modelling the dynamic performance of an elevator car system represents a complex task and forms an important step in the elevator system design procedure. The need to consider the behaviour of passengers travelling in the car complicates the procedure further. This paper presents an original approach to identify the stiffness and damping characteristics of an elevator car system. A simplified model is developed and the experimental rig with a rectangular elevator platform fixed on the top of four silent blocks attached to a shaker is setup. The transmissibility measurements are carried out with a harmonic excitation applied first to a platform with no passenger load and then to the platform with one passenger within the frequency range of 1 – 20 Hz. A single person standing on the platform is employed in order to assess the passenger’s contribution to the dynamic behaviour of the elevator car system. The curve fitting technique implemented in MATLAB is used to determine the damping and stiffness coefficients both for the empty car system and the car-passenger system. Investigation on the tolerances for both parameters is carried out. An approach to simplify the experimental procedure and to reduce the number of individual tests is proposed.
A Feasible Algorithm for a Class of Mathematical Problems in Mechanical System
Authors: Yin Jing Ben , Li Kun , Jiao Hong Wei , Chen Yong Qiang
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we proposed an algorithm to globally solve a class of mathematical problems in mechanical system. Firstly, by utilizing equivalent problem and linear relaxation technique, a linear relaxation programming of original mathematical problem is established. Secondly, by using branch and bound theory, a feasible algorithm is proposed for globally solving original problem. Finally, the convergence of the proposed algorithm is proven, and numerical experiments showed that the presented algorithm is feasible.
Study on Structure and Property of PAN//MWNTs Composite Fibers
Authors: Zhang Hui Qin , Zhang Li Yan , He Xiao Wei
Published: June 2010

Concentrated sulfuric and concentrated nitric acids treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) were fabricated via a conventional wet spinning process. Mechanical properties of the composite fibers were studied by tensile testing and structures of the fibers were investigated via SEM and DMA. The results showed that the strength, storage modulus and glass translation temperature of the composite fiber containing 5% content of MWNTs were improved compared with those of pure PAN. The fiber with 5wt% MWNTs showed its conductivity of an order of 10-3S/cm.
Solving Fuzzy U-Shaped Line Balancing Problem with Exact Method
Authors: Zhang Ze Qiang , Cheng Wen Ming
Published: June 2010

The basic U-shaped line balancing problem (ULBP) model usually needs to be extended in order to solve real-world line balancing problems. Most of the models for line balancing problem reported in the literature assume constant and deterministic operation times. In this paper, the U-shaped line balancing problem with fuzzy operation times is studied. First, the integer programming formulation of fuzzy ULBP is constructed. The tasks operation times are formulated by triangular fuzzy membership functions. Then the fuzzy ULBP is solved by using the software of Lingo 9.0 extended version. An illustrative example is followed to demonstrate the validity of the proposed models.
Wear Characteristic and Life of Al2O3/(W,Ti)C Ceramic Tool in Turning Iron-Based P/M Composites
Authors: Han Li Fa , Qu Sheng Guan
Published: June 2010

The wear characteristics and life of Al2O3/(W,Ti)C ceramic tool in turning NbCp-reinforced iron-based P/M composites was investigated. Experimental results indicate that cutting parameters have an influence on tool wear, among which cutting speed and depth of cut seem to be more prominent. The maximum flank wear rapidly increases as the increase in cutting speed and depth of cut. While, it increases gradually as the decrease in feed rate. Meanwhile, an empirical model of tool life is established, from which the influence of cutting speed and depth of cut on tool life is far greater than that of feed rate. Also from the empirical model, the preferable range of cutting parameters was obtained.
Time-Dependent Temperature Distribution of Sheets in the Stage of Storing
Authors: Li Zhen Zhe , Jiang Rui , Xuan Dong Ji , Cheng Tai Hong , Seol Seoung Yun , Shen Yun De
Published: June 2010

Obtaining a uniform thickness of the final product using thermoforming is difficult, and the thickness distribution depends strongly on the distribution of the sheet temperature. In this paper, the time-dependent temperature distribution of the total sheets in the stage of storing was studied using the analysis code which has been verified based on the experimental data. It was found out that the time for storing should be managed for decreasing the temperature difference between the sheets. The time-dependent temperature distribution of the total sheets and the method for analysis in this study will be used to improve the quality of the final products.
Study on Evaluation Method of Corroded Reinforcing Steel
Authors: Zhang Ying Zi , Fan Ying Fang , Li Hong Nan , Wu Xue Nan
Published: June 2010

Corrosion ratio is an important index to study the mechanical deteriorates of the steel bars, which has a significant effect to evaluate the residual bearing capacity of reinforced concrete structures. To investigate the mechanical properties of the corroded steel bars, Strain energy loss as corrosion ratio is firstly proposed. Tensile test are conducted on ribbed and plain steels, which are corroded by acceleration corrosion method. Comparing with the weight loss and cross-section loss to describe the effect of corrosion of reinforcing bar, the strain energy loss of reinforcing bars is calculated by Simpson quadrature. Results from this paper and other researchers’ test suggest that the strain energy loss may be a better parameter than weight loss or section loss which to assess the corroded steel bars.
Electrical and Structural Analysis of ATO/PP Nanocomposites
Authors: Pan Wei , He Xiao Wei , Chen Yan
Published: June 2010

The ATO/PP nanocomposites were prepared by solution-mixing method assisted by high-energy sonication and melt-mixing method. Electrical properties of the nanocomposites were characterized by means of surface resistivity measurements and the phase structures were investigated via SEM. The crystallization characteristics of pure PP and ATO/PP nanocomposites were investigated by WAXD and POM. Comparing with the two methods, solution method will make ATO well dispersed in the PP matrix and the obtained materials will have better electrical property. The ATO enhanced the nucleation of polypropylene crystallization and made the crystal smaller and even.
Experimental Investigation on Varying Speed Control of Harmonic in Centreless Grinding
Authors: Xia Xin Tao
Published: June 2010

According to the quasi-dynamics harmonic generation theory, the varying speed control method for the harmonic of the rolling bearing ring raceway surface is studied to solve the optimal control problem about the harmonic distribution and the roundness error. The experiments on the constant speed grinding and the varying speed grinding are conducted to view the grinding results. Based on the vibration characteristics of the supported centreless grinding system, the impact of the rotational speed of the ring and the electromagnetic centreless fixture layout parameters on the harmonic distribution are considered for the optimum grinding plan. And the optimum varying speed control experiment is done and the obvious result is obtained, revealing the intrinsic character of the quasi-dynamics harmonic generation theory and supplying a foundation for the quality control of the supported centreless grinding system.
A Game Theory Approach for Multiple Design Tasks Schedule
Authors: Zhang Guo Hai , Zhou Guang Hui , Su Xue Qun
Published: June 2010

This paper presents a new kind of scheduling solution for multiple design tasks in networked developing environments. The main contributions of this study can be focused on three points: The first is to distinguish the concepts and contents of the task scheduling in the networked developing environments. The second is to construct a game-theory mathematical model to deal with this new multiple design tasks scheduling problem. In the presented mathematical model, the players, strategies and payoff are given separately. Therefore, obtaining the optimal scheduling results is determined by the Nash equilibrium (NE) point of this game. In order to find the NE point, a genetic algorithm (GA)-based solution algorithm to solve this mathematical model is proposed. Finally, a numerical case study is presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the methods.
Life Cycle Cost Accessment of Thermal Power Project under Sustainable Development
Authors: Wang Wei Jun , Tu Chang Huan
Published: June 2010

Enterprise sustainable development emphasizes coordination of the development of economy, environment and society. The life cycle cost based on the sustainable development controls the engineering cost as well as environmental pollution and damage. The thermal power plant burns large amount of fossil fuels and discharge pollutants which cause serious pollution. Therefore the pollution control and ecological conservation make up important parts of construction and production cost, both of which are key parts of life cycle cost. This paper uses analytic hierarchy process and fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to estimate the life cycle cost and helps the enterprise to make social or temporal comparison and potentiality exploitation and to improve its sustainable development capability.
Study on State Identifying of Rotary Machine Torsional Oscillation Based on Wavelet Neural Network
Authors: Meng Zong , Fan Feng Jie , Liu Bin
Published: June 2010

This article established a new combining hierarchy genetic algorithm and multivariate linear regression model of WNN (wavelet neural network) for identify the feature of rotary machine. The effection on the question of nonlinear approximation is verified through the simulation and optimization. The test datas of a tandem mill are inputted into the model. After trained, the model has automatic ability of obtained the inspect information and the ability of adapt the changing of worked condition. The self-adaptive study and diagnosis of torsional oscillation state on different work condition are realized. The results verify the combining hierarchy genetic algorithm and multivariate linear regression model has the reliability.
Improving the Qualified Rate of Flux Test about Scavenging Pump in Aeroengine by Applying Six Sigma Methodology
Authors: Cao Yang Hua , Kang Xiu Cui
Published: June 2010

The qualified rate of flux test is decided mainly by the assembly parameters, but for some reasons, the qualified rate especially the one-turn qualified rate had been on a low level for a long time. By applying 6σ methodology, this paper analyzed the influence factors about the flux test and found out the main influence factors firstly; then on base of these analysis results, this paper proposed some improvement measures; finally, this paper validated the effects of these improvement measures by carrying out some tests. The improvement measures proposed in this paper had improved the assembly quality of scavenging pump obviously.
The Nonlinear Dynamics Characteristics Recognition of Power Load under Electricity Market
Authors: Wei Jin Ling , Zeng Zheng , Meng Jun , Zhou Hao
Published: June 2010

Power load is significant for the power system load forecasting, system planning, and so on. Because of its subject to weather, climate and the impact of social systems, it shows complex nonlinear characteristics. Especially when the electricity market is established, its nonlinear dynamics is also guided by the market mechanism. Facing to this, a study is done based on the load data of a certain node in Zhejiang Province grid, extracted its Hurst exponent and the box dimension, calculated the maximum Lyapunov exponent and the K entropy. It proves the nonlinear dynamic characteristics of power load under electricity market, and reconstructs its phase space.
Deformation of Skeletal Muscle Using Volume-Preserving B-Spline Solid
Authors: Liang Xiu Xia
Published: June 2010

In this paper, we proposed a new approach to simulate the deformation of skeletal muscles based on bio-mechanical considerations. The musculo-tendon unit, which generates the active and passive force of the muscles to drive skeletal motion, is established according to the tension-length curve. Muscular deformation is achieved by embedding a musculo-tendon unit in the volume-preserving B-spline solid. The model provides suitable visual effect and manages the deformation of muscles on the basis of the bio-mechanical properties. We demonstrated the simulation by creating a musculoskeletal model of the upper limb.This document explains and demonstrates how to prepare your camera-ready manuscript for Trans Tech Publications. The best is to read these instructions and follow the outline of this text. The text area for your manuscript must be 17 cm wide and 25 cm high (6.7 and 9.8 inches, resp.). Do not place any text outside this area. Use good quality, white paper of approximately 21 x 29 cm or 8 x 11 inches (please do not change the document setting from A4 to letter). Your manuscript will be reduced by approximately 20% by the publisher. Please keep this in mind when designing your figures and tables etc.