bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Analysis of Guided Motion of a Research Spacecraft with a Solar Sail
Authors: Khabibullin R.M. , Starinova O.L.
Published: December 2019

The paper considers guided motion of a research spacecraft with a frame-type solar sail. When scheduled turns of the solar sail are performed, disturbing forces appear, the characteristics of which depend on the solar sail design. It is necessary to take into account the design features of the solar sail to analyze the controlled motion of the spacecraft. A finite element model of a frame-type solar sail spacecraft construction is developed. A mathematical model of motion in the combined helio-centric coordinate system is described. Local-optimal control laws of orbit elements maintenance and correction are formulated. The software developed for simulating the motion of a spacecraft with a solar sail in the heliocentric coordinate system is used in this study. The analysis of the data obtained during motion simulation demonstrates the feasibility of using the solar sail technology for interplanetary flights.
Molecular Characterization of the TLR2 Gene in Datong Yak
Authors: Peng Shuai , Chen Lang , Zheng Tian Yu , Zhang Li , Li Zhuo , Tian Xiao Jing , Ma Zhong Ren , Liu Li Xia
Published: December 2019

The coding region of Datong yak’s TLR2 gene was amplified and subjected to sequence characterization. The coding region of the Datong yak TLR2 gene comprised a single ORF of 2355 nucleotides that coded for 784 amino acids with translatable products. The coding region of the TLR2 gene of the Datong yak contained two nucleotide mutation sites, namely, G677A and G1587A. G677A exhibited a missense mutation. After comparing nucleotide and amino acid sequences among related species and constructing the phylogenetic relationships, Datong yak sequences were shown to be highly similar to those of Bos taurus. The Datong yak TLR2 protein simultaneously possessed leucine-rich repeats, a TIR domain and an aldehyde dehydrogenase active site. Results showed that the protein plays an important role in the body’s immune regulation mechanism.
Effect of Different Energy Levels in Starter Ration Of Suckling Angus Calves on Blood Biochemical Parameters, Hormone Profile, Immune Response and Antioxidant Status
Authors: Dong Chen , Jing Tang , Weijun Shen , Duanqin Wu , Jingcai Yan , Fuqiang Li , Rahman Muhammad Aziz ur
Published: December 2019

The objective of study was to evaluate the effects of energy level in starter ration on blood biochemical parameters, hormone profile, immune response and antioxidant status of calves. A total of eighteen angus calves were divided into three groups in such a way that each group had six calves. Three energy levels were {9 MJ/kg, low metabolizable energy (LME), 12.38 MJ/kg, medium metabolizable energy (MME) and 13.62 MJ/kg, high metabolizable energy (HME)}fed to experimental groups. Results showed that hemoglobin, red blood cells, hematocrit, thrombocytocrit and high-density lipoprotein was higher in HME diet (plessthan0.05). While, mean corpuscular volume, mean corpuscular hemoglobin, mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width was higher in MME diet as compared to HME diet plesstha0.05). Results of immunity revealed that IgA content were lowest in calves fed LME diet plesstha0.05). Calves received different energy level in the diet had no effect on IgG, IgM and C4 (P>0.05). However, the calves on LME starter diet represented higher blood complement C3 contents plesstha0.05). It is concluded that blood metabolites were influenced by energy level in Angus calves.
Changes in Teat Morphology (Doka Phenomenon) and Estrus Prediction in Riverine Buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)
Authors: Joshi S K , Mohanty T K , Kumaresan A , Bhakat M , Sathapathy S
Published: December 2019

The objective of the study was to characterize the term Doka and to capture morphological changes in teat to find out the relationship between Doka and onset of estrus in Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis). The Murrah buffaloes maintained at of Livestock Research Centre (LRC), ICAR-NDRI, Karnal were classified into two groups based on the lactation number for the study of Doka characteristics. In group I, twenty animals up to 3rd lactation were incorporated, whereas thirty animals from 4th to 5th lactation were included in group II. The period when buffaloes showed teat engorgement was called as Doka period, is the local term used by the farmers in North India that can be taken as a visual sign for prediction of estrus. The length and diameter of teats, before and after milking were measured, for both the groups during morning and evening milking and subsequently analyzed. The present study confirmed that the teat diameter (mm) before milking during Doka was significantly (plessthan0.05) higher as compared to pre Doka period in both the groups (group-I - 37.01 ±2.13 vs 28.42 ±1.64, group-II - 53.49 ±2.82 vs 41.096±2.16). The teat diameter (mm) during Doka period after milking was significantly (plessthan0.05) more in both the groups (group-I - 26.65 ±1.26 vs 24.44 ±1.16, group-II - 39.27 ±2.41 vs 35.31 ±2.17) as compared to pre Doka period. So, it can be concluded that the changes in teat diameter can safely be considered as a sign of Doka and the forthcoming heat in Murrah buffaloes. However, the difference in teat length between different stages of Doka was found to be non significant.
Survey of mentors’ roles in guiding and supporting novice teachers in Dangila district elementary schools, Ethiopia
Authors: Dagnew Asrat , Asrat Aster
Published: December 2019

The purpose of this study was to assess the roles and responsibilities of mentors in guiding and supporting novice teachers in primary schools of Dangila district. In doing so, an attempt was made to answer the basic questions; Do mentors guide and support novice teachers effectively? What are the conditions that affect the mentoring relationship between mentors and novice teachers? Is there a healthy relationship between mentors and novice teachers? And what are the major problems facing novice teachers? The method used to conduct this study was descriptive survey. Fourteen primary schools in Dangila district were selected using a simple random technique. Before dispatching the questionnaires, a pilot test was conducted and proved by using an alpha coefficient. Its’ internal consistency was 0.85. Mentors, novice teachers and principal respondents were selected randomly to fill out the questionnaire properly. Data gathered from 33 mentors, 63 novice teachers and 14 principals were analysed and interpreted. Furthermore, a portfolio of novice teachers and information obtained through observation was incorporated. The findings of the study indicated that mentors did not guide and support novice teachers effectively, although mentors seem good in knowing their roles and responsibilities. Absence of training, shortage of time and logistic, lack of interest, few numbers of experienced teachers in remote schools and absence of planned regular meeting were identified as crucial factors that affect the mentoring relationship. The relationship between mentors and novice teachers was found good. Accommodating students’ differences, ineffective evaluation and absence of well-developed content knowledge were identified as a problem facing the novice teachers. Providing mentoring training, encouraging experienced teachers to retain in the remote schools for longer years, appropriate support by district expert and sharing experience from experienced teachers are some of the possible solutions.
Keywords: Elementary school, guiding and supporting, mentoring, mentors, novice teacher
School anxiety and presenteeism in refugee children in Turkey
Authors: Saricam Hakan , Ozbey Adnan
Published: December 2019

In this study, the first aim is to compare school anxiety and presenteeism levels in refugee and native Turkish children. A total of 200 elementary and middle school students who are enrolled in the Turkish public school were selected as the study group via a purposive sampling technique in different countries in Turkey. Not only refugee children were selected but also native children were included in the study. Their teachers filled in the School Anxiety Scale-Teacher Form and the School Presenteeism Scale-Teacher Form on the behalf of refugee and native children. Independent samples t-test, Pearson product-moments correlation analysis and simple linear regression analysis were performed for data analysis. In conclusion, statistically significant positive correlations between school anxiety and school presenteeism have been determined in all participants. In comparison analysis, refugee children have more presenteeism and school anxiety levels than native Turkish children.
Keywords: Refugee, school anxiety, presenteeism.
Editorial
Authors: Desarrollo Ciencia en
Published: December 2019

Agradezco la oportunidad que me brinda la Revista Ciencia en Desarrollo, para dar mi punto de vistasobre el campo de la Ciencia de los Materiales, como un área multidisciplinar y tan necesaria, la cual sigue abriendo numerosas pasiones en el mundo de la investigación científica, por las múltiples oportunidades que presenta a medida que nos introducimos en su experimentación.Así, vivimos en un mundo evolutivo, cada vez más tecnológico y ello no sería posible sin que dispusiéramos de materiales con capacidad de satisfacer dicha demanda tecnológica. Así, podemos diseñar nuevos materiales, con propiedades eléctricas, magnéticas, mecánicas, ópticas, etc.Dichos materiales son tan necesarios que pueden dar solución a necesidades tan vitales para la supervivencia de la humanidad, como es el desarrollo de nuevas fuentes energéticas, mas compactibles ambientalmente, o el poder seguir investigando en campos de telecomunicación, o también en el campo de la salud, mediante el desarrollo de biomateriales, que nos pueda ofrecer mayor calidad de vida a las personas, a medida que vivimos más años.Pues bien, para conseguir mayores avances en estos campos y también en otros no nombrados, lasUniversidades de países como Colombia deben establecer vínculos de Universidades de otros países, a través de los cuales se puedan establecen intercambios de estudiantes y profesores, de manera que repercuta en un mayor crecimiento intelectual y personal para las personas que vivan estas experiencias.Esta experiencia tan enriquecedora la he podido compartir desde hace ya más de quince años con laUniversidad Nacional de Colombia, que ha permitido a estudiantes de dicha Universidad formarse en mi grupo de investigación de la Universitat Jaume I de Castellón en España. De esta manera los estudiantes han podido realizar sus trabajos de maestría y doctorado, contando con la ayuda recibida tanto por la Agencia Española de Cooperación Internacional como por la Institución Colombiana Colciencias. La estrecha colaboración ha posibilitado el intercambio de profesores en incluso se ha llevado a cabo proyectos de investigación conjunto, como los proyectos Iberoeka, participando en los mismos la Industria Cerámica Colombiana, además de laindustria española.Prof. Dr. Juan Bautista Carda Castelló, es Director del Grupo de Investigación de Química del EstadoSólido y Director de la Cátedra de Innovación Cerámica “Ciutat de Vila-real”. Es además Profesor Emérito de la Universidad de Tecnología Química y Metalurgia de Sofía (Bulgaria) y recientemente, el pasado mes de septiembre ha sido nombrado Profesor Honorario de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia.

Castellón de la Plana, Noviembre de 2015.
Tratamiento electroquímico de aguas que contienen antibióticos β-lactámicos.
Authors: Giraldo Aguirre A. L. , Erazo Erazo E. D. , Flórez Acosta O. A. , Serna Galvis E. A. , Torres Palma R. A.
Published: December 2019

Oxacilina (OXA), Cloxacilina (CLX) y Dicloxacilina (DCX) son antibióticos β-lactámicos usados paratratar infecciones producidas por microorganismos grampositivos y gramnegativos, estas sustancias pueden alcanzar los sistemas acuáticos debido a su inadecuada disposición o a deficiencias de los sistemas de tratamiento de aguas, originando un serio riesgo de proliferación en el ambiente de bacterias resistentes a estos antibióticos. El presente trabajo investigó la degradación de OXA, CLX y DCX mediante oxidación anódica, empleando un ánodo de Ti/IrO2. Un diseño experimental, evaluando las variables ‘corriente aplicada’, ‘concentración de NaCl’ y ‘concentración de sustancia’, permitió determinar las condiciones más favorables para la degradación de los β-lactámicos ensayados. Las mejores eficiencias, en términos de la remoción del contaminante y su actividad antibiótica, fueron obtenidas a altos niveles de corriente aplicada (121 mA) y concentración media de NaCl (0,225 mol L−1) como electrolito soporte, mientras que la concentración del antibiótico no ejerció un efecto significativo sobre el desempeño del sistema. Los antibióticos OXA, CLX y DCX (203 μmol L−1) experimentaron, en forma independiente, una completa remoción a los 5 min de tratamiento, por una vía de degradación mediada por especies reactivas de cloro electrogeneradas en la superficie del ánodo. De manera interesante, se observó una pérdida completa de la actividad antimicrobiana tan pronto como desapareció el compuesto padre, indicando que los productos de degradación no presentanpotencia antibiótica, inclusive algunos de estos productos formados inicialmente son también degradados por el sistema electroquímico. Los resultados indicaron que la oxidación electroquímica tiene gran proyección para el tratamiento de aguas que contienen antibióticos β-lactámicos, debido a su alta eficiencia tanto para remover el contaminante como para eliminar la actividad antimicrobiana de estos compuestos en periodos cortos de tiempo.
A Review of Foreign Language Teachers’ Assessment Literacy
Authors: PEHLİVAN ŞİŞMAN Emine , BÜYÜKKARCI Kağan
Published: December 2019

This study aims to review studies about foreign / second language
teachers’ language assessment literacy (LAL) from 1987 to 2019. Within the
scope of this study, 82 research studies and articles are investigated in the
national and international spheres. Perceptions of assessment literacy are
unpacked to find out language teachers’ background and needs in LAL. Subtopics
are determined to categorize the research studies as assessment courses,
teachers’ knowledge base in language assessment, their beliefs and practices in
language assessment, their training needs in assessment, professional
development in LAL, perceptions in LAL, and effect of LAL and curriculum on
exam preparation. This review article indicates the general view on EFL
teachers’ LAL level and makes suggestions in developing language assessment
literacy.
BASÎRET GAZETESİ’NE GÖRE PRUSYA-FRANSA SAVAŞI (1870-1871)
Authors: ÇAVDAR Necati
Published: December 2019

1870-1871
yıllarında, Avrupa siyasetinde köklü değişikliklere yol açan Prusya-Fransa
Savaşı Osmanlı kamuoyu tarafından da yakından takip edilmiştir. O esnada
İstanbul’da yayınlanmakta olan Basîret başta olmak üzere az sayıdaki gazete bu
savaşı sayfalarına taşımıştır. Özellikle Basîret gazetesi bu savaşta Prusya’yı
destekleyen bir yayın çizgisi takip ederek bariz bir Prusya tarafgirliği
sergilemiştir. Gazetenin bu tutumunda, yazarları arasında bulunup aslen Polonya
(Leh) mültecisi olan Konstanty Borzecki ve Karol Karsky adlı şahısların önemli
rolü olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Bazı çevreler tarafından Basîret gazetesi, yabancı
bir devletten yardım gören ilk gazete, onun nâşiri Ali Efendi ise ilk
Germanofil olarak gösterilmiştir. Basîret gazetesinin bu yayın politikasını bir
fırsat olarak kullanan Almanya’nın, II. Abdülhamid devrine uzanacak olan “Drang
Nach Osten (Doğu’ya Yayılma)” siyasetinin psikolojik zeminini sağlamlaştırma
adına Osmanlı kamuoyunda bir avantaj elde etmiş olduğu düşünülmektedir.
Çalışmamızda, Basîret gazetesinde yer alan haber ve yorumlardan faydalanılarak
1870-1871 Prusya-Fransa Savaşı ele alınmıştır.
Ergenlerde çevrimiçi oyun oynama özellikleri akran zorbalığına yol açıyor mu?
Authors: YALAKİ Zahide , TAŞAR Medine Ayşin
Published: December 2019

Giriş: Bilgisayar oyun bağımlılığı, tüm dünyada yaygınlığı artmakta olan bir sağlık sorunudur. Ayrıca, çevrimiçi oynanan oyunların büyük kısmının şiddet içermesi diğer bir sorundur. Çalışmamızda ergen yaş grubunda bilgisayar oyun bağımlılığının akran zorbalığı ile ilişkisini araştırmayı amaçladık.

Gereç ve Yöntem: Çocuk hastalıkları polikliniğine herhangi bir nedenle başvuran 12-18 yaş arası 400 ergen çalışmaya alındı. Olgulara sosyodemografik verileri sorgulayan anket formu, çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılık ölçeği ve akran zorbalığı formu verildi.

Bulgular: Çalışma grubunun yaş ortancası 17 yıl (12-18) idi. Çalışma grubunun çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılığı ölçeği puan ortalaması 52,9±18,2, akran zorbalığı-kurban ölçeği puan ortalaması 148,8±79,6 ve akran zorbalığı-zorba ölçeği puan ortalaması 150±83,1 idi. Ergenlerin %88,4‟ü çevrimiçi oyun oynadıklarını belirtti. Kızlarda çevrim içi oyun bağımlılığı ölçeği ortalaması 50 ±17,6, erkeklerde ise 56,4±18,5 idi ve erkeklerde istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulundu (p=0,004). Çevrim içi oyun bağımlılığı ölçeği ile akran zorbalığı ölçek puan ortalaması arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05). Savaş içeren film seyredenlerin çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılığı ölçeği puan ortalaması daha yüksek saptandı (p=0,001). Akran zorbalığı ölçeği puan ortalaması ile seyredilen film türü arasında anlamlı bir ilişki saptanmadı (p>0,05).

Sonuç: Ergenlerin yaş grubunda çevrimiçi oyun oynama sıklığının yüksek olduğu ve erkeklerde bağımlılığın daha yüksek olduğu saptandı. Ayrıca şiddet içerikli film seyredenlerin çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılığı ölçeği puan ortalaması daha yüksekti. Akran zorbalığı ve çevrimiçi oyun bağımlılığı arasında bir ilişki bulunmadı. Bu konuda yeni çalışmalara ihtiyaç olduğu düşünülmektedir
Ependimom ve L-2-hidroksiglutarik asidüri: İki kardeş olgu sunumu
Authors: BAHAR Semra , ZÜBARİOĞLU Tanyel , CANSEVER Mehmet Şerif , YALÇINKAYA Cengiz
Published: December 2019

L-2-hidroksiglutarik asidüri (L2HGA), yavaş seyirli, otozomal çekinik geçişli, nörodejeneratif bir metabolik hastalıktır. Hastalığın temel klinik bulgularını motor gelişim basamaklarında gecikme, davranış bozuklukları, febril ve afebril nöbetler oluşturup, sık görülen muayene bulguları arasında makrosefali, mental retardasyon, serebellar ataksi, piramidal ve ekstrapiramidal bulgular yer alır. Beyin manyetik rezonans görüntülemesinde (MRG) subkortikal alandan başlayan beyaz cevher etkilenmesi ile bazal gangliyon ve serebellar dentat nükleus tutulumu tipiktir. Kesin tanı klinik ve radyolojik görüntülemelerin eşliğinde serumda, idrarda ve beyin omurilik sıvısında (BOS) artmış 2-hidroksiglutarik asit düzeyinin gösterilmesi ve L2HGDH geninin moleküler analizi ile konulur. L2HGA tanısıyla takip edilen hastalarda beyin neoplazmı gelişimi bildirilmiştir. Bu yazıda, adolesan dönemde beyin tümörü nedeniyle opere edilen bir hastada patolojik beyin MRG bulgularının varlığının L2HGA tanısı koydurduğu bir hasta sunulmuştur. Tanı sonrası yapılan aile taramasında hastanın kardeşi de L2HGA tanısı almıştır. Sunulan olguların ışığında, erken yaşta beyin tümörü saptanan hastalarda, eşlik eden gelişim basamaklarında gecikme, mental retardasyon ve patolojik muayene bulgularının varlığında metabolik hastalıkların da ayırıcı tanıda akılda tutulması, nöro-metabolik hastalıkların spesifik radyolojik bulgularının üzerinde durulması ve metabolik hastalıklarda aile taramasının önemi vurgulanmıştır.
Logic of care versus logic of choice in modern concepts of medical practice
Authors: Lekhtsierv Vitaly L.
Published: December 2019

The article compares two fundamental and conflicting principles in the ethical interpretation of clinical experience — the patient's right to medical choice and care as an immanent ethics of healing. Conceptual attempts to theoretically and empirically justify an unconditional priority of care in modern social and humanitarian research of medicine, as well as the desire to include the logic of choice in the logic of care are made from different methodological perspectives and on the basis of different intellectual traditions. Thus it is more important to compare the key concepts of care on this issue in order to reveal the global trend in understanding the essence of medical experience. The article offers a comparative analysis of the following: firstly, the arguments of an American researcher Joan C. Tronto, formulated in the context of universal political theory and ethics, but relevant to the field of medicine, secondly, the theory of care of the German doctor and philosopher of medicine Klaus Dörner and his opposition to the principle of autonomy, carried out in the practice of informed consent, thirdly, “involved ethnography” of the logic of care, carried out by the Dutch philosopher and anthropologist Annemarie Mol. The comparative analysis of the main texts of these authors on this problem revealed many general statements expressed by them, mainly, the general idea that in the case of chronic disease, which is a typical case of pathology in modern society, the most important is the logic of good care, the logic of interdependence of all subjects of care as a process, and that it is not the political opposition of power and equality here that comes to the centre, but the opposition of care and neglect in everyday medical practices.
On Interdisciplinarity in Sociology in Light of the Problematic Status of its Disciplinary Identity
Authors: Malinkin Alexander N.
Published: December 2019

The article discusses the problems of interdisciplinary interactions in Russian sociology. The author sees the main problem of sociology and, respectively, of interdisciplinary interactions within it in the fact that there is no consensus on the disciplinary identity of sociology in the professional community of sociologists. It serves as a sort of roof for interdisciplinary interactions and each type of interdisciplinary synthesis, including the controversial ones, while its own disciplinary interests are often not recognized or even ignored. The author points to the likely causes of the current state of affairs. As one way of changing it, he offers a critical analysis of sociological knowledge from the standpoint of the sociology of knowledge.
The Practice of Cooperation between Mathematicians and Sociologists in the USSR during the 1960–1980’s
Authors: Klimov Ivan A.
Published: December 2019

This article describes those interaction between applied sciences (mathematics and information technology) and sociologists in the 1960’s and 1980’s which influenced the subsequent development of Russian sociology. The object of research is scientific articles and other texts (popular science articles, memoirs, interviews) of those participating in past and present interdisciplinary interaction. The main trait of the interdisciplinary cooperation between sociologists and mathematicians is the paradigmatization of sociology as a field of science. Precise sciences played a special role in this process, as they participated in the formation of the language, thematic repertoire and methodological arsenal of sociology. As shown by our analysis, the demand for cooperation was formed by three tasks: of the methodological, instrumental and practical (socio-engineering) variety. The article describes three cases of cooperation. Number one — when it was formed by the organizational and intellectual leadership of mathematicians (Novosibirsk school). Number two — when leadership positions were held by sociologists (Leningrad school). And number three — when “game rules” were set by external agents — the cooperation of sociologists and mathematicians in the name of solving industrial tasks. The typical tasks which scientists collectively solved in each of these three cases were identified and systematized. The article offers conclusions about the significance of this period for the development of sociology. Further development of this topic, in our opinion, lies within giving direction to the analysis of cooperation mechanisms between sociologists and researchers in the field of precise sciences, as well as its institutionalization.
¿CONSENSOS EN LA BIOÉTICA DEL FINAL DE LA VIDA?: MÁS ALLÁ DE LA POLARIZACIÓN
Authors: Ferrer Jorge José
Published: December 2019

Una de las características de las sociedades occidentales contemporáneas es la polarización social e ideológica. Esta última se refiere a la tendencia a adoptar posiciones extremas en temas políticos y éticos. La polarización se refleja con toda claridad en los debates bioéticos, especialmente en los temas tocantes al principio y el final de la vida. El autor sostiene que los agrios desacuerdos morales en al­gunos temas no excluyen la consolidación de acuerdos. La búsqueda de consensos es irrenunciable si queremos promover el respeto mutuo y la cooperación social. El artículo examina las raíces de los desacuerdos existentes en la bioética del final de la vida y propone tres temas en los que es posible consolidar consensos: la adecuación de esfuerzo terapéutico, la planificación anticipada del cuidado médico al final de la vida y la asistencia espiritual al paciente terminal. La reflexión teo­lógica, fundamentándose en los valores propios de la tradición cristiana, tiene la responsabilidad de contribuir a la consolidación de consensos.
INTEGRAÇÃO DA ESPIRITUALIDADE NOS CUIDADOS EM SAÚDE: CONSIDERAÇÕES TEÓRICO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS
Authors: Ruthes Vanessa Roberta Massambani
Published: December 2019

Este ensaio tem como objetivo compreender a gênese e a formação dos modelos de cuidado em saúde que culminaram com a proposição do modelo biopsicossocioespiritual. Para tanto, realiza-se uma incursão histórico-teórica por meio do método do realismo materialista aberto e de autores que consideram que a relação saúde-doença-cuidado surge como uma resposta às necessidades histórico­-sociais das populações. São apresentados os princípios epistemológicos que cons­tituíram os modelos de assistência/cuidado que culminam com a proposição do modelo biopsicossocioespiritual. Conclui-se o estudo apresentando os princípios do Cuidado Espiritual Interdisciplinar como uma proposta teórico/prática viável para a efetiva integração da espiritualidade nos cuidados em saúde.
RATZINGER E HABERMAS: UM DIÁLOGO ENTRE DOIS ANTÍPODAS
Authors: Oliveira Claudia Maria Rocha de
Published: December 2019

No ano de 2004, encontraram-se em Munique dois importantes pen­sadores contemporâneos: Joseph Ratzinger e Jürgen Habermas. Representantes de posições bastante distintas, eles protagonizaram um evento intelectual de altíssimo nível e de grande repercussão. O diálogo entre eles girou em torno do tema da necessidade, ou não, de o Estado liberal se apoiar em pressupostos normativos pré-políticos para garantir a defesa da dignidade e a criação de vínculos de soli­dariedade entre os cidadãos. A investigação a respeito do tema conduziu ambos os alemães a colocarem a questão a respeito da relação entre a razão e a religião. O debate deu origem a múltiplos estudos posteriores. O objetivo do presente artigo é contribuir com esses estudos. Procuraremos mostrar que a divergência entre Habermas e Ratzinger é bastante profunda porque eles se apoiam em concepções distintas de razão. O artigo encontra-se dividido em três partes. Na primeira, serão explicitados os elementos centrais do debate que aconteceu em Munique. Em seguida, acentuar-se-á a oposição entre Ratzinger e Habermas. Finalmente, aprofundar-se-á a questão da relação entre razão e religião, acentuando de que maneira cada um deles compreende a razão. O artigo nos conduzirá a identificar a razão como elemento fundamental a partir do qual é possível pensar os dois alemães como antípodas intelectuais.
Simulation of Turbulent Flow around a Generic High-Speed Train Using Hybrid Models of RANS Numerical Method with Machine Learning
Authors: Hajipour Alireza , Mirabdolah Lavasani Arash , Eftekhari Yazdi Mohammad , Mosavi Amir , Shamshirband Shahaboddin , Chau Kwok-Wing
Published: December 2019

In the present paper, an aerodynamic investigation of a high-speed train is performed. In the first section of this article, a generic high-speed train against a turbulent flow is simulated, numerically. The Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations combined with the SST turbulence model are applied to solve incompressible turbulent flow around a high-speed train. Flow structure, velocity and pressure contours and streamlines at some typical wind directions are the most important results of this simulation. The maximum and minimum values are specified and discussed. Also, the pressure coefficient for some critical points on the train surface is evaluated. In the following, the wind direction influence the aerodynamic key parameters as drag, lift, and side forces at the mentioned wind directions are analyzed and compared. Moreover, the effects of velocity changes (50, 60, 70, 80 and 90 m/s) are estimated and compared on the above flow and aerodynamic parameters. In the second section of the paper, various data-driven methods including Gene Expression Programming (GEP), Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), and random forest (RF), are applied for predicting output parameters. So, drag, lift and side forces and also minimum and a maximum of pressure coefficients for mentioned wind directions and velocity are predicted and compared using statistical parameters. Obtained results indicated that RF in all coefficients of wind direction and most coefficients of free stream velocity provided the most accurate predictions. As a conclusion, RF may be recommended for the prediction of aerodynamic coefficients.
Evaluation of Erythroferrone, Hepcidin, and Iron Overload Status in Iraqi Transfusion-dependent β-Thalassemia Major Patients
Authors: Smesam Hasan , Qazmooz Hasan , Arjmand Sareh , Al-Hakeim Hussein Kadhem , Ranaei‐Siadat, Seyed Omid
Published: December 2019

Beta thalassemia major (β-TM) disorder characterized by the lack, or severe reduction in the production of hemoglobin β-globin chains. The standard protocol for the management of β-TM is blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy to reduce the iron overload state. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between two iron regulatory hormones, hepcidin (HEPC) and erythroferrone (ERFE) levels and iron status parameters (ISPs) in Iraqi patients with β-TM. ISPs and hormones were measured in sixty patients and compared with thirty healthy controls. The results indicated significant changes in different iron status parameters, while ferritin (FRT) with the ~11 fold increase showed the most change. Significant reduction in HEPC and increase in ERFE levels were detected in patients as compared to the control group, while no direct correlation was identified with the other measured ISPs. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis showed that the z-score of the composite of ERFE+FRT has a full diagnostic ability for β-TM. In conclusion, our finding indicated the correlation between different ISPs, FRT as the leading predictor of iron overload and tow main iron regulatory hormones.
Activation of Transposable Elements in Immune Cells of Fibromyalgia Patients
Authors: Ovejero Tamara , Sadones Océane , Sánchez-Fito Teresa , Almenar-Pérez Eloy , Espejo José Andrés , Martín-Martínez Eva , Nathanson Lubov , Oltra Elisa
Published: December 2019

The development of nucleic acid sequencing technology and the unprecedented availability of metadata has evidenced that 45% of human genome constituted by transposable elements (TEs) is not only transcriptionally active but also physiologically needed. Aberrant regulation of TEs, and of human retroviral endogenous sequences (HERVs) in particular, associates with several neurologic and autoimmune diseases, including the Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (ME/CFS) frequently comorbid with fibromyalgia (FM). However, no study has yet addressed whether abnormal expression of these sequences correlates with FM. The work presented here shows, for the first time, that in fact HERVs of the H, K and W types are overexpressed in the cells of the immune system of FM patients with or without comorbid ME/CFS. The patients with increased HERV expression (N=14) presented increased levels of interferon (INF-β and INF-γ) but unchanged levels of TNF-α. In support of our proposal that TE activation is a contributor to FM, we find that the tRNA pools are decreased in comparison to matched healthy participants (N=14). The findings reported here could explain the flu-like symptoms FM patients present with in the absence of concomitant infections. Future work towards identifying specific genomic loci differentially affected in FM and ME/CFS is granted.
Ultrasonography in the Diagnosis and Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Authors: Edmonds Eric W. , Hughes Jessica L. , Bomar James D. , Brooks Jaysson T. , Upasani Vidyadhar V.
Published: December 2019

» Graf’s technique for static anatomic assessment of the hip is widely accepted as part of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) evaluation and is the foundation for other, more dynamic techniques utilized today.

» The low cost and lack of ionizing radiation of ultrasound have encouraged some international communities to implement ultrasound in universal screening.

» The technique’s limitations with regard to high intraobserver and interobserver variability in interpretation, along with controversy about the efficacy of universal screening, have led to the 2018 American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) Appropriate Use Criteria for the Management of Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip to recommend selective screening.

» Dynamic ultrasonography, first described by Harcke in 1984, has become a more commonly used ultrasonographic method.

» Harcke’s method of dynamic ultrasonography allows for the real-time assessment of an infant’s hip and can be performed with and without stress maneuvers in both the coronal and transverse planes of a neutral and a flexed hip.

» A pediatric orthopaedic surgeon should have a fundamental understanding of ultrasonographic technique, its indications, and its limitations to appropriately utilize it in the neonatal period.
A Study of Factors Affecting on Patients’ Length of Stay in a Surgical Ward: Toward Optimization by Technology-based Solutions
Authors: Baniasadi Tayebeh , Ghazisaeedi Marjan , Hassaniazad Mehdi , Kalhori Sharareh R. Niakan , Shahi Mehraban
Published: December 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Association of ABO blood groups with craniofacial morphology among orthodontic patients of Kathmandu district
Authors: Gupta Sanjay Prasad
Published: December 2019

The authors have withdrawn this preprint from Research Square
Identification of two recessive etiolation genes (py1, py2) in pakchoi (Brassica rapa L. ssp. chinensis)
Authors: Zhang Kun , Mu Yu , Li Weijia , Shan Xiaofei , Wang Nan , Feng Hui
Published: December 2019

We identified a stably inherited yellow leaf mutant derived from ‘Huaguan’ pakchoi variety via isolated microspore culture and designated as pylm . This mutant displayed yellow leaves after germination. Its etiolated phenotype was nonlethal and stable during the whole growth period. Its growth was weak and its hypocotyls were markedly elongated. Two recessive nuclear genes named py1 and py2 had a duplicate effect on etiolation. BSR-Seq revealed that py1 and py2 were mapped on chromosomes A09 and A07, respectively. The genes were single Mendelian factors in F 3:4 populations based on a 3:1 phenotypic segregation ratio. The py1 was localized to a 258.3-kb interval on a 34-gene genome. The differentially expressed gene BraA09004189 was detected in the py1 mapping region and regulated heme catabolism. One single-nucleotide polymorphism of BraA09004189 occurred in pylm. A candidate gene-specific SNP marker in 1,520 F 3:4 yellow-colored individuals co-segregated with py1 . For py2 , 1,860 recessive homozygous F 3:4 individuals were investigated and localized py2 to a 4.4-kb interval. Of the five genes in this region, BraA07001774 was predicted as a candidate for py2. It encoded an embryo defective 1187 and a phosphotransferase related to chlorophyll deficiency and hypocotyl elongation. One single-nucleotide polymorphism of BraA07001774 occurred in pylm. It caused a single amino acid mutation from Asp to Asn. According to qRT-PCR, BraA07001774 was downregulated in pylm. Thus, BraA09004189 and BraA07001774 are candidate genes for py1 and py2 . These findings will elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the gene interactions controlling pakchoi etiolation.
Risk factors of initial inappropriate antibiotic therapy and the impacts on outcomes of neonates with gram-negative bacteremia
Authors: Chu Shih-Ming , Hsu Jen-Fu , Lai Mei-Yin , Huang Hsuan-Rong , Chiang Ming-Chou , Fu Ren-Huei , Tsai Ming-Horng
Published: December 2019

Background Timely appropriate empirical antibiotic plays an important role in critically ill patients with gram-negative bacteremia. However, the relevant data and significant impacts have not been well studied in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods An 8-year (1 January 2007-31 December 2014) cohort study of all NICU patients with gram-negative bacteremia in a tertiary-care medical center was performed. Inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy was defined when a patient didn’t receive any antimicrobial agent to which the causative microorganisms were susceptible within 24 hour of blood culture sampling. Results Among 376 episodes of Gram-negative bacteremia, 75 (19.9%) received inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy. The cause of inadequate treatment was mostly due to the pathogen resistant to prescribed antibiotics (88.0%), and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Odds ratio [OR]: 20.8, P < 0.001) and ESBL-producing bacteria (OR: 18.4, P < 0.001) had the highest risk. Previous exposure with 3rd generation cephalosporin was identified as the only independent risk factor (OR: 2.52, 95% CI: 1.18-5.37, P = 0.018). Empirically inadequately treated bacteremias were significantly more likely to have worse outcomes than those with adequate therapy, including more prolonged illness, higher rate of infectious complications (25.3% versus 9.3%, P < 0.001) and overall mortality (22.7% versus 11.0%, P = 0.013). Conclusions Inadequate empirical antibiotic therapy occurs in one-fifth of Gram-negative bacteremias in the NICU, and is associated with worse outcomes. Further effort to decrease emergence of antibiotic resistance and highly suspicion of infection by drug-resistant bacteria clinically is important to reduce rates of inadequacy.
Thawing process calculation of egg ingredients particles in minced meat
Authors: Agafonychev V. P. , Makhonina V. N.
Published: December 2019

Sausages from poultry meat are present on the domestic market. In this regard, the problem of improving the competitiveness of these products is urgent. One way to solve this problem is to replace part of the raw meat in the minced meat for sausages with chicken egg products (pasteurized liquid egg, egg white, yolk). Using egg products as ingredients of minced meat will help stabilize minced meat for sausages before and after heat treatment, increase the nutritional value of the finished product, and reduce its cost. However, currently, the mass fraction of egg ingredients in meat and egg products formulations does not exceed 5–10 %. This is due to the appearance of a specific taste, if it is exceeded, and because it is impossible to obtain a pattern of egg fragments in the section of the finished products, if necessary. This fact restricts the use of egg products as ingredients of meat and egg products. A technological method to eliminate these problems is freezing egg ingredients before adding to minced meat. In order to control the application of this method, the mechanism of changes in frozen egg ingredients during the preparation and heat treatment of minced meat for sausages is revealed. It was found that at the stage of minced meat mixing, the liquid part of the egg ingredients resulting from the thawing of frozen particles surface mixes with meat ingredients. Moreover, when unmoved relative to the surrounding minced meat, the frozen particles of egg ingredients are caught by the minced meat, and then locally coagulate in the process of meat and egg product heat treatment. The weight of the liquid phase resulting from the thawing of frozen egg ingredient particle and the weight of its remaining local part depend on the duration of the minced meat mixing process, its temperature and particle weight. Based on the knowledge about this mechanism, analytical equations are obtained using the energy balance method. They describe the duration of egg ingredients thawing in meat and egg products depending on the particle weight and the temperature of minced meat. The experimental data of the authors are used as a basis for calculating the process of egg ingredients thawing. The proposed calculation method will allow purposeful controlling the process of change in frozen egg ingredients aggregative state in minced meat for sausages, under production conditions.
Forecasting of Primary Air Pollutions: Emission Inventory Sample from Turkey
Authors: Dadaşer Çelik Filiz , AZGIN Şükrü Taner
Published: December 2019

This study presents an air pollutant emission inventory of primary pollutants for Kayseri, Turkey. Kayseri is one of the largest cities in Turkey which went through industrialization in recent decades together with rapid population growth. Air pollution from residential, industrial, and transportation sources have been a major problem for Kayseri during this period. In this study, emissions of four primary pollutants, namely, particulate matter (PM), sulfur dioxide (SO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and carbon monoxide (CO) were estimate. The sources of air pollutants in Kayseri were classified as point, area, and line sources. The emissions from point and area sources (i.e., industrial and residential areas) were estimated by using the information on types and amounts of fuels used. The emissions from line sources (i.e., transportation) were estimated by using the vehicle count data on major roads. The appropriate emission factors were obtained from the Unites State Environmental Protection Agency or European Environment Agency. The results showed that the annual emission rates for PM, SO2, NOX and CO were 2929 tons,5082 tons, 6791 tons and 37094 tons, respectively. Area sources are responsible for 86%, 94%, and 75% of total PM, SO2, and CO emissions, respectively. Point sources provide about 56% of total NOX emissions. In order to improve the air quality of our cities, it is envisaged that control measures should be taken especially for reducing the residential emissions caused by heating and the determination of national emission calculation factors in order to achieve more reliable results.
EQUILÍBRIO DINÂMICO DE TRÊS CORPOS AUTOGRAVITANTES IDÊNTICOS NA APROXIMAÇÃO PÓS-NEWTONIANA
Authors: Lima dos Santos Alana Carolina , Rodrigues Muniz Celio , Tavares de Oliveira Leonardo
Published: December 2019

Estudamos o problema restrito de três corpos de massas idênticas situados nos vértices de um triângulo equilátero, interagindo entre si por meio da gravidade. Consideramos, inicialmente, que as massas estão sujeitas à atração gravitacional newtoniana. Mostramos que os corpos orbitam com velocidade angular constante em torno do centro de massa do sistema e que a terceira lei de Kepler se aplica. Em seguida, corrigimos a lei da gravitação acrescentando à força newtoniana um termo proporcional a 1/r^4, o qual provém da Teoria da Relatividade Geral (TRG), na aproximação de campo fraco, também chamada de pós-newtoniana. Encontramos que a velocidade angular, para uma dada
distância entre os corpos, é maior que a calculada para o caso newtoniano e que a terceira lei de Kepler não é mais obedecida. Calculamos também a distância crítica entre os corpos para a qual o sistema gira com uma velocidade linear igual à da luz. Constatamos que essa distância é menor que os respectivos raios de Schwarzschild, de modo que, em tal situação, uma análise mais acurada requer o uso das
equações completas da TRG.
FÍSICA MODERNA E CONTEMPORÂNEA NO ENSINO BÁSICO: O CINTO DE SEGURANÇA COMO ALTERNATIVA PARA A ABORDAGEM TEÓRICA DO PRINCÍPIO DE EQUIVALÊNCIA DA RELATIVIDADE GERAL
Authors: Oliveira Antônio Nunes de , Sampaio Wilton Souza , Siqueira Marcos Cirineu Aguiar
Published: December 2019

O ano de 2019 marca os 100 anos de comprovação da Teoria da Relatividade Geral (TRG), a qual se deu mediante análise dos dados fotográficos coletados durante a observação do eclipse total do Sol, em Sobral-Ceará/Brasil e na Ilha do Príncipe-África, no dia 29 de maio de 1919. Visando contribuir com a inserção de tópicos de TRG no Ensino Básico (EB), Fundamental e Médio, este trabalho traz uma pesquisa bibliográfica e eletrônica buscando atualizar os leitores acerca do ensino de Física Moderna e Contemporânea (FMC) e, em seguida, apresenta uma proposta de vinculação entre os temas Princípio de Equivalência e a Educação para o Trânsito, a partir da qual se propõe, mediante a conscientização dos estudantes quanto à importância do uso do cinto de segurança, introduzir o Princípio de Equivalência nessa etapa do ensino. Os resultados apontam para um cenário em que praticamente inexistem abordagens com enfoque no referencial do carro e, como consequência, o uso do cinto de segurança tem sido justificado, quase que exclusivamente pela lei da inércia de Galileu-Newton, gerando erros conceituais na medida em que as pessoas tentam estender a explicação pautada no Princípio de Inércia para o observador no interior do veículo em desaceleração. Esse tipo de abordagem pode ocorrer a partir do 8º ano do Ensino Fundamental, quando os alunos têm o primeiro contato com as leis de Newton e suas aplicações, momento em que geralmente se explica o uso do cinto de segurança como uma necessidade para evitar a inércia dos corpos, negligenciando, geralmente, o ponto de vista de um observador interno ao veículo em colisão.
ASTRONOMIA NO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL: O OLHAR PARA “SI” COMO INSTRUMENTO DE COMPREENSÃO DO UNIVERSO
Authors: Araújo Ana Clara Souza , De Oliveira Francélio Ângelo
Published: December 2019

O presente artigo discorre sobre o ensino de astronomia como ferramenta de ensino aprendizagem e como essa ciência é capaz de levar o discente a reflexão sobre seu papel no universo e na sociedade no qual está inserido. O artigo leva ao questionamento sobre a forma que o ensino da Astronomia pode contribuir para a aprendizagem dos alunos do Ensino Fundamental de modo a ampliar o autoconhecimento e a visão sobre seus papéis na sociedade e no universo. Trata-se de um relato de experiência de um projeto de extensão realizado em escolas públicas do interior do Estado do Ceará que leva o leitor a refletir sobre a importância da astronomia não apenas como ciência, mas também como filosofia de vida. A metodologia abordada foi de aula expositiva dialogada para uma maior interação entre professor e aluno, e o método avaliativo para fins de resultados foi aplicação de um questionário aos alunos participantes. A reflexão aqui abordada é uma faixa de mão dupla, uma vez que menciona a relação homem com homem e homem com universo. Os resultados da aplicação do projeto apontam que além de propagar o conhecimento científico, o ensino de astronomia leva o aluno a se descobrir como agente modificador da sua realidade, descobridor dos fascínios do universo.