bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cognitive impairment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: prevalence, pathogenetic mechanisms, the effect of antidiabetic drugs
Authors: Ostroumova Olga D. , Surkova Elena V. , Chikh Evgenia V. , Rebrova Ekaterina V. , Borisov Miron S.
Published: October 2018

In recent years, a large amount of data has been accumulated on the relationship between cognitive impairment, dementia and diabetes mellitus. This article presents an overview of modern literature, including the definition of cognitive functions, the modern classification of cognitive impairment, pathogenetic mechanisms of diabetes mellitus influence on the development of cognitive impairment and dementia (neurogenesis, integrity of the blood-brain barrier, systemic inflammatory reactions, hyper- and hypoglycemia, insulin resistance, vascular dysfunction of the microvasculature and increase in glucocorticosteroids). The influence of anti-diabetic medications on cognitive functions has been examined in detail: insulin preparations, oral hypoglycemic agents of the biguanide group (metformin), thiazolidinediones (rosiglitazone and pioglitazone), sulfonylurea derivatives (glycazide, glipizide), a-glucosidase (acarbose) inhibitors, incretin-directed therapy (receptor agonists glucan-like peptide (exenatide and liraglutide) and inhibitors of dipeptidylpeptidase type 4 (sitagliptin, vildagliptin and alogliptin)), sodium glucose inhibitors cotransporter type 2. The data demonstrating a multidirectional effect on the cognitive functions of various antidiabetic drugs is presented, the possible influence on the rate of progression of cognitive impairment and the risk of dementia of intensive control of plasma glucose level in comparison with the standard decrease in patients with type 2 diabetes is analyzed.
Trends in the epidemiology of diabetic retinopathy in Russian Federation according to the Federal Diabetes Register (2013–2016)
Authors: Lipatov Dmitry V. , Vikulova Olga K. , Zheleznyakova Anna V. , Isakov Mikhail А. , Bessmertnaya Elena G. , Tolkacheva Anna A. , Chistyakov Timofey A. , Shestakova Marina V. , Dedov Ivan I.
Published: October 2018

Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the most common causes of blindness in patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) that is why its necessary to study the epidemiological characteristics of this complication.
Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of DR and blindness in adult patients with type 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) diabetes in Russian Federation (RF) for period 201316years.
Materials and methods: Database of Federal Diabetes register, 81st regions included in the online register. Indicators were estimated per 10,000 adult DM patients (18years).
Results: In 2016 the DR prevalence in RF was T1 38,3%, T2 15,0%, with marked interregional differences: 2,666,1%, 1,146,4%, respectively. The DR prevalence within 20132016 years was: T1 3830,93805,6; T2 1586,01497,0. Trend of new DR cases/per year increased: T1 153,2187,8; T2 99,7114,9. The structure of new cases of DR in 2016: non-proliferative stage (T1 71,4%, T2 80,3%), pre-proliferative stage 16,4%, 13,8%, proliferative 12,1%, 5,8%, terminal 0,2%, 0,1%, respectively, these data indicated the earlier detection of DR. The mean age of DR diagnosis increased: T1 by 1,2 years, T2 by 2,6. The average DM duration of DR determine increased T1 9,613,1 years, T2 6,09,1. The prevalence of blindness tends to decrease: T1 92,390,8; T2 15,415,2/10.000 DM adults. The amount of new cases of blindness/per year increased: T1 4,34,6; T2 1,21,4. The mean age of blindness increased: T1 39,141,6 years, T2 64,467,4; the mean duration of diabetes before blindness occur (from the time of DM diagnosis) increased: T1 20,221,2 years, in T2 10,711,3. We observed growth of DR treatment (laser surgery, vitrectomy, anti-VEGF medication) but the frequency of use in T2 patients is about 2 times less than in T1.
Conclusions: There was a decrease in the overall incidence of eye damage in diabetes (DR and blindness) in the analyzed period in RF. DR and blindness develops at advanced age and with a longer duration of diabetes. As the main directions of eye care development in diabetes it is necessary to standardize primary care in the regions, to unify the examination algorithms and methods of early diagnostic, to increase the continuity and interaction of endocrinologists and ophthalmologists in managing patients with diabetes in order to prevent the development of new cases of vision loss.
I Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Farmacêuticas
Authors: João Walter da Silva Jorge , De Santi Valmir , Canquerini Roberto , De Melo Angelita Cristine
Published: October 2018

Resumos de Trabalhos Científicos do I Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências Farmacêuticas, 6º Congresso Brasileiro sobre o Uso Racional de Medicamentos, I Congresso Pan-Americano sobre o Uso Racional de Medicamentos, I Congresso Latino-Americano de Estudantes de Farmácia, II Congresso Brasileiro de Farmácia Estética, II Simpósio Farmacêutico de Nutracêuticos e III Encontro Nacional de Educadores em Farmácia Clínica
How does it end?
Authors: Piercy Marge
Published: October 2018

A new poem by Marge Piercy, author of many books of poetry&emdash;most recently Made in Detroit.
A Subaltern Perspective on China's Ecological Crisis
Authors: Chi Lau Kin
Published: October 2018

The modernization paradigm pursued by China has tended to privilege industry over agriculture, urban over rural, and the middle class over the subaltern, with the country's growth statistics and policy emphases accordingly geared to such a paradigm. This has resulted in almost mindless degradation of nature. The key question China faces is thus not one of more progress or more growth, but of the multiple tasks of reversing the dire damage already done to its ecology, society, and culture.
Docetaxel Labeled with Iodine 131 Radionuclide – A Possible New Anticancer Drug? (The Pilot Study)
Authors: Pastera Jiří , Rudolf Emil , Dittrich Milan
Published: October 2018

The cytotoxic potentials of the lipiodol emulsion with dissolved 131I-docetaxel, the 131I-lipiodol emulsion and non-labeled docetaxel were tested on the HeLa Hep2 cell line during 24 hours. The pilot study confirmed that the radiolabeled docetaxel was significantly more toxic than the radionuclide or docetaxel alone.
Serum levels of IL-31, IL-33 and ST2 in allergic rhinitis of children in China
Authors: Qiao Yi , Chen Jie
Published: October 2018

This study aimed to compare the serum levels of IL-31, IL-33 and ST2 in children patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and allergic asthma and tried to reveal more insights in development of AR. Thirty-six children patients with intermittent AR were selected in the present study during January 2013 to December 2016. Two control groups were set, the allergic asthma group and the healthy individuals. Atopic status of all participants in this study was tested and confirmed by skin prick testing (SPT). Levels of IL-31, IL-33 and ST2 were determined using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed by SPSS 18.0. There is no significant difference in age, gender ratio and BMI for all patients. However, positive ratio of SPT and total IgE in patients' groups were significantly higher than the control group. Levels of IL-33 and IL-31 in both AR and allergic asthma group were significantly higher than those of the control group, P<0.05. However, level of ST2 in the three groups didn't show significant difference. Correlation analysis showed that there was a positive correlation between levels of IL-33 and IL-31, P<0.05. However, levels of ST2 and IL-33, ST2 and IL-31 were not significantly correlated. The serum levels of IL-33 and IL-31 were significantly up-regulated in both AR and allergic asthma patients compared with normal individuals. These results could provide more clinical evidences for understanding roles of IL-33, IL-31 and ST2 in children patients with allergic rhinitis.
Establishment of a cochlear injury model using bone-conducted ultrasound irradiation in guinea pigs and investigation on peripheral coding and recognition of ultrasonic signals
Authors: Wang Fusen , Cao Cheng , Huang Chengcheng , Li Qian , Li Tiegang , Liu Xia , Zhang Shaoyan , Ceng Xinyu , Wang Chaoyan
Published: October 2018

The cochlea of guinea pigs was irradiated with different frequencies of bone-conducted ultrasound (BCU) at a specific dose to induce cochlear hair cell-specific injuries, in order to establish frequency-related cochlear hair cell-specific injury models. Cochlear near-field potentials were then evoked using BCU of different frequencies and intensities to explore the peripheral coding and recognition of BCU by the cochlea. The inner ears of guinea pigs were irradiated by 30 kHz at 100 db and 80 kHz at100 db BCU for 6h to create frequency-related, ultrasound-specific cochlear injury models. Then, 30 kHz and 80 kHz BCU of different intensities were used to evoke auditory brainstem response (ABR) thresholds, compound action potential (CAP) thresholds, and action potential (AP) intensity-amplitude input-output curves in the normal control group and the ultrasonic cochlear injury group. This allowed us to explore the coding and recognition of BCU frequencies and intensities by cochlear hair cells. Immunofluorescence assay of outer hair cell (OHC) Prestin and inner hair cell (IHC) Otofelin was performed to verify the injury models. Irradiation of guinea pig inner ears by 30 kHz and 80 kHz BCU at a specific dose induced hair cell injuries at different sites. Irradiation with low frequency BCU mainly induced OHC injury, whereas irradiation with high frequency BCU induced IHC injury; moreover, IHC injury was more serious than OHC injury. The 30 kHz-evoked ABR threshold was significantly higher in the 30 kHz ultrasonic cochlear injury group compared to the normal control group. The 30 kHz-evoked ABR threshold was significantly higher in the 30 kHz ultrasonic cochlear injury group compared to the 80 kHz ultrasonic cochlear injury group. The difference in the 80 kHz-evoked ABR thresholds were not significant between the 30 kHz and 80 kHz ultrasonic cochlear injury groups. The click- and 30 kHz-evoked AP intensity-amplitude curves for the 30 kHz ultrasonic cochlear injury group indicate that the AP amplitude evoked at the same intensity was higher in the 30 kHz-evoked group than the click-evoked group. The spatial positions of cochlear hair cells in guinea pigs had a coding function for the frequencies of low-frequency ultrasound. OHCs have an amplification effect on the coding of low-frequency ultrasonic intensities. The peripheral perception of high frequency BCU may not require the participation of cochlear hair cells.
Boric acid protects against cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats
Authors: Cengiz Mustafa
Published: October 2018

The worldwide increase in the rate of cancer incidence also leads to a significant increase in the use of chemotherapeutic agents. Unfortunately, the optimal clinical usefulness of these agents is heavy restricted by a high incidence of several organ toxicity and as well reason oxidative stress and bring about changing in antioxidant status. Kidney toxicity is a side effect often encountered with cyclophosphamide (CPM) which is commonly used in most cancer chemotherapy. The present study aims on the assessment of the probable defensive efficacy of Boric acid (BA) against CPM-induced oxidative stress and renal damage in rats. Based upon our investigation results with oxidative stress markers and light microscopic findings, it can be concluded that BA significantly reduced CPM induced oxidative stress and renal damage. As far as we know, high dose (200 mg/kg) of BA are the first study on the prevention of kidney damage caused by CPM. It is thought that the renoprotective effects of BA may be due to an increase in the activity of the antioxidant protection system and also inhibition of lipid per oxidation.
Keratinocytes contribute to the recruitment and M1 polarisation of macrophages during C. albicans colonisation
Authors: Guan Xiu-Hao , Hong Yu-Xiao , Qi Rui-Qun , Gao Xing-Hua
Published: October 2018

Candida albicans (C. albicans) is an opportunistic human fungal pathogen that colonises the skin. Both keratinocytes and macrophages play crucial roles in host defence against C. albicans. However, the interaction of keratinocytes with macrophages during C. albicans colonisation has not been well studied. In this study, macrophages were cultured in conditioned medium from keratinocytes treated with heat-inactivated C. albicans (CM-C. albicans), macrophage migration and polarised activation and were then assessed by a Transwell assay, flow cytometry, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR), Western blot and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The results showed that CM-C. albicans-stimulated macrophages display significantly increased migration and phagocytosis, and they display an upregulation of proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF-a), interleukin (IL)-12 and nitric oxide (NO)). Markers characteristic of M1 macrophages, such as human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR, CD86 and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), are upregulated, whereas markers of M2 macrophages, such as mannose receptor (MR) and Arginase 1 (Arg1), are not affected. Additionally, the levels of TNF-a, IL-12 and monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1) in CM-C. albicans are markedly upregulated, whereas the levels of IL-4 and IL-10 are not affected. And the CM-C. albicans-induced M1 macrophage polarisation, proinflammatory cytokine production and phagocytosis could be blocked by an anti-TNF-a neutralising antibody. This study showed that keratinocytes may promote macrophage recruitment and M1 polarisation during C. albicans colonisation at least in part by secreting TNF-a.
The Key to the City: Using Digital Tools to Understand Tablet Provenience
Authors: Brumfield Sara
Published: October 2018

Assyriologists have a variety of methods available to assign unprovenienced materials with educated certainty to its ancient site. The occurrence of specific toponyms and month names as well as the detailed study of prosopography, paleography, orthography, lexicography, tablet shape, format and sealing practices assist specialists in reconstructing the ancient context of a specific object. Now, with the fluorescence of technology, new digital tools are being developed and refined that may contribute to the complex process of provenience assignment. Text mining, the practice of deriving information from blocks of text using pattern recognition or trend analysis, has already been applied to corpora ranging from Shakespeare to Twitter.

For an example of previous text mining analysis on cuneiform sources, see, ENEA’s TIGRIS Virtual Lab (http://www.afs.enea.it/project/tigris/indexOpen.php)

With the ability to search for statistically significant correlations in large blocks of text following user-defined criteria and rules, statistical methods, here accessed via text mining software, have significant potential for revealing new levels of data in cuneiform texts.
Messunsicherheit bei der virtuellen Messung geometrischer Größen im Automobilbau
Authors: Galovska Maryna , Germer Christoph , Nagat Mike , Tutsch Rainer
Published: October 2018

Die Virtuelle Messdatenanalyse (VMDA) ist ein bei der Volkswagen AG entwickeltes System, das der Analyse der geometrischen Fahrzeugqualitätsmerkmale dient. Die Basis der VMDA ist das Kombinieren eines virtuellen Fahrzeugmodells und der realen Messwerte. Virtuelle Messungen der Spaltmaße zwischen den Baugruppen sind indirekte Messungen, deren Modelle als Algorithmen dargestellt werden. Ein Ansatz zur Bestimmung der Unsicherheit für virtuelle Messungen geometrischer Größen wurde vorgeschlagen und die Fortpflanzung der Messunsicherheiten im virtuellen Fahrzeug analysiert. Starke Auswirkungen der Korrelation auf die kombinierte Unsicherheit von virtuellen Fugenmessungen wurden gezeigt.
Harare’s Deteriorating Wetlands: Why Sound Policies and Legislations Are Not Enough
Authors: Matamanda Abraham R. , Chirisa Innocent , Mukamuri Billy B. , Kaduwo Privilege , Mhlanga Magret
Published: October 2018

This article assesses the legal and institutional framework around governance of wetlands and wetland-related ecosystem services in Harare, the capital city of Zimbabwe (member of the Ramsar Convention on Wetlands). A mixed research methodology, comprising review of literature, interviews, document analysis, and Geographical Information Systems, forms the key methodology used in this study. Results from analyzed data show that lack of a clear and harmonized legal and institutional framework is leading the Harare’s wetlands to rapidly shrink and affecting their ability to provide key ecosystem services, such as clean water, flood protection, recreational areas, and wildlife. In addition, both overlapping roles and functions among the various institutions and legislations are responsible for wetland management in Harare. Key recommendation emerging from the study points to the need to define clear boundaries and harmonization of key legislations to promote the sustainability of wetlands in Harare.
Mitotane (op’DDD) restores growth and puberty in nine children with Cushing’s disease
Authors: Motte Emmanuelle , Rothenbuhler Anya , Gaillard Stephan , Lahlou Najiba , Teinturier Cécile , Coutant Régis , Linglart Agnès
Published: October 2018

To investigate whether low-dose mitotane (up to 2 g/day) could be a temporary therapeutic alternative to transsphenoidal surgery (TSS) in pediatric Cushing’s disease (CD). Twenty-eight patients with CD aged 12.2 years (± 2.2) were referred to our center. We compared nine patients treated with mitotane alone for at least 6 months to 13 patients cured after surgery. Primary outcomes were changes in growth velocity, BMI and pubertal development. The following results were obtained: (1) Mitotane improved growth velocity z-scores (−3.8 (±0.3) vs −0.2 (±0.6)), BMI z-scores (2.1 (±0.5) vs 1.2 (±0.5) s.d.) and pubertal development. After 1 year on mitotane, the mean BMI z-score was not significantly different in both groups of patients. (2) Control of cortisol secretion was delayed and inconsistent with mitotane used as monotherapy. (3) Side effects were similar to those previously reported, reversible and dose dependent: unspecific digestive symptoms, concentration or memory problems, physical exhaustion, adrenal insufficiency and hepatitis. (4) In one patient, progressive growth of a pituitary adenoma was observed over 40 months of mitotane treatment, allowing selective adenomectomy by TSS. In conclusions, low-dose mitotane can restore growth velocity and pubertal development and decrease BMI in children with CD, even without optimal control of cortisol secretion. It may promote pituitary tumor growth thus facilitating second-line TSS. However, given its possibly life-threatening side effects (transient adrenal insufficiency and hepatitis), and in the absence of any reliable follow-up procedures, this therapy may be difficult to manage and should always be initiated and monitored by specialized teams.
Nutrient sensor signaling pathways and cellular stress in fetal growth restriction
Authors: Hart Bethany , Morgan Elizabeth , Alejandro Emilyn U
Published: October 2018

Fetal growth restriction is one of the most common obstetrical complications resulting in significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. The most frequent etiology of human singleton fetal growth restriction is placental insufficiency, which occurs secondary to reduced utero-placental perfusion, abnormal placentation, impaired trophoblast invasion and spiral artery remodeling, resulting in altered nutrient and oxygen transport. Two nutrient-sensing proteins involved in placental development and glucose and amino acid transport are mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and O-linked N-acetylglucosamine transferase (OGT), which are both regulated by availability of oxygen. Impairment in either of these pathways is associated with fetal growth restriction and accompanied by cellular stress in the forms of hypoxia, oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, metabolic dysfunction and nutrient starvation in the placenta. Recent evidence has emerged regarding the potential impact of nutrient sensors on fetal stress response, which occurs in a sexual dysmorphic manner, indicating a potential element of genetic gender susceptibility to fetal growth restriction. In this mini review, we focus on the known role of mTOR and OGT in placental development, nutrient regulation and response to cellular stress in human fetal growth restriction with supporting evidence from rodent models.
THE TRITERPENOID AND STEROID FROM THE FRUITING BODY OF Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat. IN VIETNAM
Authors: Tran Thang Dinh
Published: October 2018

Five compounds, ergosterol (1), 5α,8α-epidioxy-22E-ergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (2); ergosta-7,22-dien-3β-ol (3); lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol (4) and 3β-hydroxy-5α-lanosta-7,9,24(E)-trien-26-oic acid (5) were isolated from fruiting body of Ganoderma applanatum (Pers.) Pat.  (Ganodermataceae). The structures of the isolated compounds were established by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, COSY, HSQC and HMBC). These compounds were isolated from the Vietnamese fungi for the first time. Moreover, the lanosta-7,9(11),24-triene-3,26-diol is the first compound was found in the fungi.
Feed selectivity of laying hens undergoing different beak trimming in two rearing systems
Authors: Baggio Rafael Alan , Lunardi Samuel Jacinto , Testa Manuela , Chiossi Diego Mateus , Petroli Tiago Goulart , Boiago Marcel Manente , Paiano Diovani , Zotti Maria Luisa Appendino Nunes
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The present research was conducted to evaluate whether different beak trimming methods and rearing systems affected the feed selectivity of laying hens. A total of 178 Hy-line Brown laying hens in the growing phase and 120 hens in the production phase were divided in a factorial arrangement (2 x 3), with two rearing systems (floor and cages) and three beak trimming methods: without beak trimming (control), hot-blade beak trimming, and infrared beak trimming, with four replicates. Laying hens were feed with isonutritive diets. Samples were collected from feed orts and feed provided, with a subsequent analysis of dry matter, crude energy, crude protein, mineral matter, geometric mean diameter and geometric standard deviation. The results were subjected to the error normality test, analysis of variance and the Fisher-Snedecor (P<0.05) and Duncan tests (P<0.05). The beak trimming methods evaluated were not sufficient to prevent feed selection in laying hens. However, in the growing phase, hot-blade beak trimming reduced feed selection capacity of laying hens more than did infrared beak trimming. The cage system favored feed selection, both in the growing and production phases.
Clara Fernandes, uma lésbica perante o Tribunal da Inquisição (1555-1560)
Authors: Silva Ronaldo Manoel
Published: October 2018

Resumo: Na sociedade portuguesa de Antigo Regime, o sexo entre mulheres era suscetível à pena de morte na fogueira e, por ser um crime de foro misto, também esteve sob a alçada do Tribunal da Inquisição. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar o processo inquisitorial da jovem Clara Fernandes, sentenciada em 1556 por sodomia foeminarum. Apesar de casada e mãe de três filhos, as atitudes de Clara externam um incontido desejo sexual por mulheres. Atormentada por suas “culpas”, buscou o perdão do Santo Ofício, mas encontrou a “justiça” de um Tribunal inclemente.
Potassium fertilization and irrigation with treated wastewater on gas exchange of colored cotton
Authors: Lima Breno L. de C. , Silva Ênio F. de F. e , Santos Hugo R. B. , Souza Edivan R. de
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The use of treated domestic wastewater in agriculture is promising because it contains essential nutrients for crops, especially for cotton plants. Information on leaf gas exchanges helps to understand the responses of plants to different water and nutrient managements, since they directly affect physiological processes. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilization and irrigation with treated wastewater on the gas exchange of naturally colored cotton plants grown in the semi-arid region of the state of Pernambuco, Brazil, providing a reference for evaluations of responses of cotton plants to abiotic factors. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 5 × 5 factorial arrangement, with four replications. The treatments consisted of five potassium rates (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200% of the recommended rate for the crop) and five irrigation depths (50, 75, 100, 125, and 150% of the evapotranspiration of the crop). The highest stomatal conductance, transpiration, net assimilation rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, and carboxylation efficiency were found in irrigated plants with 110, 99, 117, 150, and 113% of ETc, combined with the potassium rates of 96, 113, 97, 100, and 100% of the recommendation rate for the crop, respectively. The increase in irrigation depths increased the diffusion of CO2 of the plants. The highest instantaneous water-use efficiency was found with the irrigation of 150% of ETc without potassium fertilization. According to the interaction between irrigation depths and potassium rates, the most efficient potassium rate for naturally colored cotton depends on the irrigation depth applied.
Response of four woody species to salinity and water deficit in initial growth phase
Authors: Lima Alan D. , Bezerra Francisco M. S. , Neves Antônia L. R. , Sousa Carlos H. C. de , Lacerda Claudivan F. de , Bezerra Antônio M. E.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth of forest species under conditions of salinity and water deficit. The experimental design was completely randomized in a triple factorial scheme with four forest species (Neem - Azadirachta indica A. Juss, ‘Aroeira’ - Myracrodruon urundeuva Fr Allemão, ‘Ipê’ - Tabebuia impetiginosa (Mart. ex. DC.) Standl and ‘Sabiá’ - Mimosa caesalpiniifoliaBenth), two salinity levels (1.2 and 8.6 dS m-1) and two water regimes (with and without water restriction). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves, shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter were measured. For all the studied variables, there was statistical significance for the factors species (A) and salinity (B), individually. However, water deficit (Factor C) and the interaction among factors (A x B x C) did not cause any statistical effect. The 50% reduction in water replacement for the four species studied was not enough to cause significant damage to plant growth, with a mean reduction in dry matter production lower than 10%. It was observed that the tolerance index found varied according to the imposition of the stresses, being caused mainly by salinity. Based on shoot dry matter production, the species Neem behaved as moderately tolerant, while the other species were moderately sensitive to salinity. The applied water deficit was not enough to intensify the effects of the salt stress under the conditions of the present study.
Spray volume distribution pattern and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles
Authors: Massola Mateus P. , Holtz Vandoir , Martins Marcos P. de O. , Umbelino Anderson da S. , Reis Elton F. dos
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Droplet size spectrum and uniformity of spray volume distribution are important parameters for selecting spray nozzles. The objective of this study was to evaluate the average spray volume distribution and droplet size spectrum from ceramic nozzles. The spray volume distribution pattern was evaluated on a test table for hydraulic spray nozzles using spray heights of 0.4, 0.5, 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 m, and working pressures of 500, 600, and 700 kPa. Computer simulations were used to analyze the spray volume distribution using arrangements of bar heights, working pressures, and spacing between spray nozzles in a bar of 12 m. The droplet size spectrum from the spray nozzles was evaluated using a randomized complete experimental design in a 2 × 3 split-plot arrangement consisting of two types of nozzles (ATR-1.0, and TVI-800075) and three working pressures (500, 600, and 700 kPa), with four replications. The uniformity of spray volume distribution was improved when using ATR-1.0 spray nozzles spaced 0.4 or 0.6 m apart, regardless of the working pressure. Regarding the droplet size spectrum, the volume median diameter decreased with increasing the working pressure for both types of nozzles, reaching 210 μm (ATR-1.0) and 483 μm (TVI-800075). Contrastingly, the percentage of droplets with diameter smaller than 100 μm increased with increasing working pressure; the target coverage presented the same trend, with 8.4% of coverage when using ATR nozzles with working pressure of 700 kPa.
Brasil e Argentina: interação no meio virtual e formação (inicial e continuada) de professores de língua espanhola
Authors: Drogui Amábile Piacentine
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Este artigo visa apresentar uma pesquisa que, articulando formação inicial e continuada, teve por objetivo avaliar se a interação, mediada por gêneros do meio virtual, em ambiente virtual de aprendizagem, pode resultar na mobilização de tipos discursivos que indiquem a aprendizagem de conteúdos propostos. Para geração dos dados, realizou-se uma intervenção de cunho formativo, que ocorreu por meio de um curso on-line - via plataforma Moodle - cujos participantes foram dezesseis brasileiros em formação continuada, que atuam como professores de língua espanhola em escolas públicas pertencentes ao NRE de Apucarana (PR), e dezesseis argentinos, em formação inicial, da Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC). Os dados gerados são analisados levando em conta os gêneros como instrumentos psicológicos de mediação (SCHNEUWLY, 2010) e a interação como propiciadora de aprendizagem (VIGOTSKI, 1994, 2002). Os resultados apontam que a interação, entre tutora/participantes e participante/participantes, mediada pelo fórum virtual, associado aos demais recursos disponibilizados no Moodle, propicia a aprendizagem de conteúdos propostos.
Discurso, interpretação e tradução: a profissão TILS e seus sentidos na atualidade
Authors: Russo Ângela , Fiss Dóris Maria Luzzardi
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O presente artigo trata da questão do intérprete de língua brasileira de sinais como uma posição discursiva em construção sob o aporte teórico-analítico da Análise de Discurso (AD) francesa na perspectiva de Michel Pêcheux em interface com os Estudos da tradução. O interesse pela retomada de pesquisa recente acontece, principalmente, pelo fato de novas condições de produção de discurso acerca dos tradutores e intérpretes de língua de sinais (TILS) e suas atividades constituírem-se com maior capilarização na última década em todo o país.
Educação como percurso: por uma mestria ativa, criativa e inventiva na educação de surdos
Authors: Martins Vanessa Regina de Oliveira , Gallo Sílvio
Published: October 2018

RESUMO O presente artigo objetiva trazer uma reflexão sobre o aprender e a relação com o mestre em salas de aulas em que alunos surdos aprendem por processos de interpretação, ou seja, com a presença de intérpretes educacionais. O artigo se desenvolve a partir de aportes teóricos da filosofia francesa alinhados a questões postas sobre o campo da educação, mais especificamente na educação de surdos em espaços inclusivos. As cenas escolares serão trazidas como componentes articuladores da teoria, dessa forma, as análises foram desenvolvidas ao longo de toda a produção textual. Duas obras literárias, O mestre ignorante de Jacques Rancière e O mestre inventor de Walter Kohan, foram apresentadas como forma de ilustrar figuras de mestres que alçam produzir encontros criativos com seus alunos, nos quais aprendem, ensinam, criam e constroem-se. Esses dois experimentos de mestrias anunciados, alinhados ao lugar híbrido que o intérprete educacional ocupa na escola, foram usados como espaço de diálogo para repensar o processo educacional, e o aprender como sendo da ordem da singularidade.
O eu-para-mim de intérpretes de língua de sinais experientes em formação
Authors: Nascimento Vinicius
Published: October 2018

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta o recorte de uma pesquisa de doutorado que discutiu a formação de intérpretes de língua brasileira de sinais (Libras) e língua portuguesa (LP). A pesquisa foi realizada em um curso de especialização em tradução e interpretação de Libras/LP, em uma instituição de ensino superior privada na cidade de São Paulo. Os participantes da pesquisa são intérpretes com, no mínimo, três anos de experiência. Em uma disciplina destinada ao aprimoramento da interpretação na direção Libras-LP, seis sujeitos interpretaram vídeos em duplas e, posteriormente, foram colocados diante da sua própria performance interpretativa por meio do dispositivo da autoconfrontação. Apresenta-se, aqui, como a posição dos sujeitos frente aos “outros de si mesmos”, reveladas na autoconfrontação simples, remete à alteridade constitutiva da atividade de trabalho, e a necessidade de um constante movimento de enfrentamento de si mesmo como outro para o aperfeiçoamento da prática profissional.
Identity of the Brazilian species Dioscorea pumilio Griseb. and its synonyms
Authors: Xifreda Cecilia Carmen , Kirizawa Mizue
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Dioscorea pumilio, a dwarf species, was originally described by Grisebach in 1875 based on staminate material only, which was obtained from a few flowered and floral bud collection made by A. Glaziou. The diagnosis and the drawings with the author's handwriting in the exsiccates deposited at the Göttingen Herbarium (GOET), and the isotypes at the Herbaria of Paris (P), Copenhagen (C) and Berlin (B), are enough to elucidate the identity of the species. Two synonyms of Dioscorea pumilio, D. beyrichii and D. sphaeroidea, are proposed here. All three names were based upon type materials collected at the same site of the “Parque Nacional da Serra dos Órgãos”, Brazil. A brief comment about the systematic implications is also included.
Cultivation Systems, Vegetable Soil Covers and their Influence on the Phytosocyology of Weeds
Authors: FORTE C.T. , GALON L. , BEUTLER A.N. , REICHERT JR. F.W. , MENEGAT A.D. , PERIN G.F. , TIRONI S.P.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: Phytosociological studies are groups of methods that aim at the identification, composition and distribution of plant species in a community. The objective of this study was to identify and quantify the main weeds found in beans, maize and soybean cultivated in no-tillage and conventional systems. The experimental design was a randomized block one, with four replications. Experiments were conducted during three consecutive years, with summer crop (bean, maize and soybean) treatments, no-tillage system (NTS) composed by the covers, black oat, vetch and forage radish, in addition to their intercrop. In the conventional planting system (CTS), the area was left fallow in the off-season. The shoot dry matter of the covers was evaluated in each crop. The evaluated variables were: frequency, density, abundance, dry matter and the importance value index of the species in the area. Eighteen species of weeds and 12 families were identified, with Asteraceae and Poaceae families showing the highest number of individuals. The shoot dry matter production presented a difference among the covers; the cover black oat alone and intercrop with radish and vetch stood out, with the highest averages in the 3 years of the experiments. Cropping systems and different cover crops within the no-tillage system interfered in the number of encontered species. The emergence of Euphorbia heterophylla was favored, while the emergence of Lolium multiflorum was inhibited. E. heterophylla was the most encountered in the NTS areas, and its germination was negatively influenced by soil mobilization. The intercrop of black oat and vetch provided maximum weed control in soybean.
Potential and Persistence of the Inhibitory Effect of Sorghum on Weeds
Authors: BIESDORF E.M. , PIMENTEL L.D. , TEIXEIRA M.F.F. , BIESDORF E. , SALLA P.H.H. , OLIVEIRA A.B.
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT: The inhibitory interaction between plants may be an important strategy of integrated weed management (IWM). This study aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of sorghum on phytosociology and infestation of weeds during cultivation and after harvest. An experiment was carried out in the field in a randomized block design in a split-plot arrangement. Plots consisted of sorghum and corn (control) and subplots were composed of different periods of weed community assessment after crop harvest (DAH) (0, 20, 40, 60, and 80 days). An increased number of species and botanical families was observed after harvest. Degradation of sorghum and corn straw reached the stabilization at 60 DAH. Although sorghum has presented a lower amount of straw and soil cover, weed infestation was, on average, 30% lower in relation to areas cultivated with corn. Sorghum showed an inhibitory effect on some weed species, influencing phytosociology, especially during the first 40 DAH, and can be used as part of IWM strategy.
Genetic improvement of horticultural crops mediated by CRISPR/Cas: a new horizon of possibilities
Authors: Koltun Alessandra , Erpen-Dalla Corte Lígia , Mertz-Henning Liliane Marcia , Gonçalves Leandro SA
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The burden of the current global challenge involving food security lies in the need to improve crop production. In this regard, biotechnology stands out as an essential tool to generate plants able to cope with pests, diseases, and harsh climatic conditions, and more efficient in the use of natural resources. An advanced approach to create genetic variability in a precise and targeted way, the genome-editing technique CRISPR/Cas (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR associated proteins), has drawn the attention of breeders. The genome editing CRISPR/Cas system relies on a guiding RNA that directs a nuclease to generate a double-strand break (DSB) at a target DNA, activating the cell repair systems and eventually leading to deletions or insertions of nucleotides. Therefore, CRISPR/Cas is a toolbox to achieve many goals, from basic science investigations to the development of crops with improved agronomic traits, with potential to bring innovative solutions to food production. The CRISPR/Cas system has been applied in a large number of plants, including some horticultural species. In this review, we present details of the CRISPR/Cas natural and artificial systems, its possibilities as a biotechnological tool, advantages over other breeding techniques, regulatory issues, and its applicability in horticultural crops, as well as future challenges.
New insight into how thigmomorphogenesis affects Epipremnum aureum plant development
Authors: Benedetto Adalberto Di , Galmarini Claudio , Tognetti Jorge
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Climbing Epipremnum aureum plants develop larger leaves than unsupported, hanging plants. This effect may be regarded, in part, as a thigmomorphogenic response, but gravimorphogenetic effect may also be involved, since polar auxin transport is known to be negatively affected in plants with horizontal or hanging stems, which may result in an altered hormone balance at the whole plant level. The present work was aimed at studying how exogenous auxins and cytokinins may influence growth of E. aureum rooted cuttings under different training systems. Rooted cuttings of E. aureum were cultivated either climbing on an upright wooden board or creeping on the glasshouse bench or hanging from a basket. All leaves of each plant were sprayed to run-off at sunset with four indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) doses 7 days after transplanting and one week later, with four benzylaminopurine (BAP) concentrations, rendering 16 hormone combination treatments. The application of IAA or BAP at 50 mg L-1 to creeping and hanging plants significantly promoted growth but, in climbing plants, a negative effect was generally observed. Changes in net assimilation and photosynthetic rates, together with modified allometric coefficients, accounted for these responses. The higher growth promotion by exogenous growth regulators observed in creeping or hanging plants compared to climbing plants, may be interpreted mostly as a gravimorphogenetic response.
Compatibility of tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada grafted on different Solanaceae species and control of bacterial wilt
Authors: Zeist André R , Giacobbo Clevison L , Silva Neto Gentil F da , Zeist Ricardo A , Dorneles Keilor da R , Resende Juliano TV de
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the compatibility, gas exchange and yield of tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada, susceptible to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum) when grafted on different Solanaceae species. Rootstock sources were the mini-tomato RVTC-66, Cayenne pepper, Jerusalem cherry (Solanum pseudocapsicum), sticky nightshade (Solanum sisymbriifolium), and cultivar Santa Cruz Kada itself (self-grafting). Two materials were tested to promote the union between rootstocks and scions: grafting clips and biodegradable tape (Parafilm). Grafting success index (GSI) was evaluated and, for treatments using biodegradable tape, grafting incompatibility, gas exchange, agronomic characteristics and bacterial wilt epidemiology were assessed throughout the cycle. The use of biodegradable tape favored graft healing. Cayenne pepper, Jerusalem cherry, and sticky nightshade should not be employed as rootstocks for scions of tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada. The mini-tomato accession RVTC-66 showed low graft incompatibility, high photosynthetic efficiency and, when compared to self-grafting, the same fruit production, but with higher plant health index concerning the bacterial wilt.
Volume of cells on trays influences hydroponic lettuce production
Authors: Lima Tiago JL , Gazaffi Rodrigo , Ceccherini Guilherme J , Marchi Luana , Martinez Marcela , Ferreira Camila G , Sala Fernando C
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Lettuce seedlings used on hydroponic cultivation (NFT) are usually produced in trays with small volume, requiring two transplants: from tray to nursery and then to the definitive place. The aim of this study was to verify lettuce performance under NFT system, using seedlings produced in trays with several cell volumes (50, 40, 35, 31, 30, 29, 27, 20 and 10 cm³ cell-1). The tray volumes are considered treatments. The experimental design was completely randomized blocks, with four replicates. Seedlings were transplanted directly to the definitive profile, except those ones produced in 10 cm³ cell-1. Two harvests were performed, at 22 and 29 days after transplant (DAT). We evaluated number of senescent leaves, total number of leaves, shoot fresh mass, root fresh mass, shoot dry mass, stem length and productivity. The best performance was obtained using seedlings produced in trays with higher volume per cell. The nursery phase was not necessary and it was possible to obtain reduction from two to one transplant, corresponding to trays of 20 to 50 cm³ cell-1. Seedlings produced in trays with 40 and 50 cm³ cell-1 made the early harvest possible, at 22 DAT of cultivation under hydroponic NFT system.
Sanitizing action of triple-strength vinegar against Escherichia coli on lettuce
Authors: Souza Giovanna C , Spinosa Wilma A , Oliveira Tereza CRM
Published: October 2018

ABSTRACT Vegetable sanitization protocols recommend the use of chlorine, which has adverse effects on the environment and carcinogenic effects on humans. Acetic acid is an interesting alternative to chlorine because it possesses no risk to human health and is widely available in the form of vinegar. This study aimed to evaluate the sanitizing action of vinegar, 130 g L-1 total titratable acidity expressed as acetic acid, on lettuce. Vinegar was chosen because it is a low-cost product widely available in the Brazilian market. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of vinegar against Escherichia coli were 2.5 and 15 g L-1 total acidity, respectively. Lettuce leaves artificially contaminated with E. coli or naturally contaminated with total coliforms were washed with water and immersed in vinegar solution (15 g L-1 total acidity) for 15 min. This period was sufficient to reduce E. coli counts in artificially contaminated samples and total coliforms in naturally contaminated samples. There were no visual changes in lettuce leaves, which indicates that vinegar at 15 g L-1 total acidity can be used to sanitize vegetables without affecting their appearance.
Argamassas de cal e terra: características e possibilidades de aplicação
Authors: Faria Paulina
Published: October 2018

Resumo Admite-se como hipótese que as argamassas mistas de cal e terra tenham resultado da prática profissional quando as condições económicas possibilitaram a adição de cais às argamassas vernáculas só de terra, que são susceptíveis à ação da água. Em estudos anteriores verificou-se que a adição de baixos teores de cal aérea a argamassas de terra de cor escura, embora tornem as argamassas resistentes à água, conduzem a alterações da sua cor para tom mais claro e redução de resistências mecânicas. Neste estudo avalia-se o efeito que substituições de cal aérea por uma terra local caulinítica apresentam em argamassas de cal ao traço volumétrico 1:2, correspondendo a argamassas com traço em massa de 1:8, com substituições de 10% a 50%. As argamassas têm, pela sua formulação, menor energia incorporada e demonstram ser adequadas para aplicação em rebocos de edifícios antigos e mesmo em construção nova com características compatíveis. Os resultados da caracterização mecânica, física e por ataque de sulfatos foram positivos para uma substituição de 10%, variando percentualmente entre propriedades, mas muito há ainda a investigar para um conhecimento aprofundado deste tipo de argamassas mistas de cal e terra, muito utilizadas no passado, com vista à otimização de formulações que possam vir a ser aplicadas correntemente.
Método para verificação automatizada de requisitos em empreendimentos Habitacionais de Interesse Social
Authors: Fernandes Guilherme von der Heyde , Formoso Carlos Torres , Tzortzopoulos-Fazenda Patrícia
Published: October 2018

Resumo Uma das possíveis estratégias para melhorar a qualidade dos empreendimentos de construção é o uso de Building Information Modelling1 (BIM), que envolve inovações relacionadas à tecnologia da informação e mudanças em processos críticos. Na habitação de interesse social no Brasil, um dos desafios enfrentados é a necessidade de avaliar em um prazo relativamente curto um grande número de projetos submetidos para financiamento, principalmente após a criação do programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida. A verificação automatizada de projetos tem sido apontada na literatura como uma das principais oportunidades para o uso de BIM. A avaliação de projetos por órgãos governamentais é com frequência baseada principalmente na experiência dos técnicos responsáveis, e pode haver falta de uniformidade nos critérios adotados, além de ser um processo demorado e custoso. O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em propor um método automatizado de verificação de requisitos para projetos de empreendimentos de habitação de interesse social com o uso de BIM. Esse método foi testado em dois empreendimentos habitacionais do programa Minha Casa, Minha Vida e foi comparado com o processo realizado manualmente. O estudo também apresenta contribuições referentes à natureza dos requisitos para esse tipo de empreendimento e discute as mudanças de processo necessárias para o uso de sistemas computacionais de verificação automatizada.