bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cu‐modified Fe‐Mn magnetic mercury adsorbent and anti‐SO2 characteristic
Authors: Shang Yu , Gong Ruhao , Duan Yufeng , Zhou Qiang
Published: February 2024

A series of Fe6Mn1Cux adsorbents for mercury removal were prepared by using co‐precipitation and impregnation methods. The performance of mercury adsorption and anti‐SO2 characteristic was studied in a fixed‐bed experimental system. The effect of Cu doping amount, reaction temperature, and flue gas components on mercury removal was investigated. The mercury species on the spent adsorbent was analyzed through Hg‐TPD test. The physical–chemical features were characterized by using the N2 adsorption/desorption, VSM, XPS, and XRD. It was found that the Fe6Mn1Cu0.4 exhibited a high performance of mercury adsorption and well magnetic property and good sulfur resistance. Under high concentration of SO2, the average adsorption efficiency of Fe6Mn1Cu0.4 adsorbent achieved 99%. Cu modification optimized the pore structure and improved the mercury removal performance as well as SO2 resistance. The XPS analysis indicated that Mn4+ was the main form that played an important role in oxidizing Hg0, as a result of decrement of Mn4+ after mercury adsorption. Mercury adsorbed on the spent adsorbent was HgO and HgSO4.
Evolutionary anatomical and functional characteristics of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles in the northern anteater (Tamandua mexicana)
Authors: Torres Suárez Sharith Valentina , Monroy‐Cendales Maria Jose , Velasco‐Bolaños Juan , Miglino Maria Angelica , Vélez García Juan Fernando
Published: February 2024

Tamandua mexicana is an anteater species native from Mexico to Peru. This species is of great evolutionary interest because it belongs to one of the oldest clades of placental mammals in the American continent. This study aimed to describe the origin, insertion, and arterial supply of the intrinsic shoulder and brachial muscles of T. mexicana. We also compared the masses of the functional groups. Gross dissections were performed on both thoracic limbs of 13 cadavers. ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was used for statistical analyses. The subscapularis muscle presents a hiatus to the common tendon of the caput breve of the biceps brachii and coracobrachialis muscles. A variant accessory muscle, the m. articularis humeri lateralis, was found on the lateral surface of the shoulder joint. M. deltoideus pars acromialis has two bellies. The teres major muscle is perforated by the aponeurotic origin of the m. tensor fasciae antebrachii. The triceps brachii has two capita longi. The caput mediale is fused with the m. anconeus medialis. The caput laterale can have an accessory belly as an anatomical variant. Among the functional groups, a significant difference was found between the elbow extensors and flexors, with the latter having the lowest mass. In conclusion, the intrinsic muscles of T. mexicana presented unique features for the species, as well as arrangements in mass distribution that evidence a possible evolutionary convergence among species of the Superorder Xenarthra.
Developing an Effective Environmental Laboratory Workforce
Authors: Adams Hunter , Reyes Dimas , Ganegoda Sathya Sandarenu , Thames Becky , Gillis Leah D. , English Zonetta E. , Thomas Dave
Published: February 2024

Key Takeaways

Talent acquisition and retention will be major industry challenges in the future, so water and wastewater utilities must focus on recruitment.

When hiring, education and experience should be considered without one being exclusive of the other, while internal and external candidates bring different advantages to job positions.

Programs for continuous improvement and professional development, including mentorship opportunities, are key to fostering a thriving workforce culture in environmental laboratories.
The application of process simulations in lignocellulosic biorefinery: a review
Authors: Wan Qiaoling , Cheng Long , Li Liangli , Shi Jingjing , Xu Junming , Lu Yanju
Published: February 2024

In recent years there has been a growing interest in the scale‐up and commercialization of lignocellulosic biorefinery. Process simulation is a crucial preliminary study, conducted at the system level, to evaluate the feasibility of industrializing biorefinery operations. Numerous research studies have been conducted on the application of process simulation in lignocellulosic biorefinery, making it essential to provide a detailed introduction to this topic. This paper summarizes two aspects of the application of process simulation in lignocellulosic biorefinery: the production of bioenergy and the production of biochemicals. The bioenergy section describes the application of process simulation to hydrochar, syngas, and bioethanol. The biochemicals section relates to the production processes for cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose. Additionally, the research status of process simulation in biorefinery are detailed from the following aspects: physical property parameters, kinetic study, the variety of raw materials and validation. Finally, this paper discusses some advances in biorefinery process simulation. It is hoped that this paper will assist the industrialization of lignocellulosic biorefinery.
Do corporate environmental protection efforts reduce firm‐level operating risk? Evidence from a developing country
Authors: Jamil Syed Hassan , Khan Majid Jamal
Published: February 2024

This study investigates the impact of corporate environmental protection efforts on firm‐level operating risk. The importance of environmental protection has gained attention in recent years, as proliferation in ESG rating agencies has significantly increased. As suggested by stakeholder theory, the corporations for their survival are required to take care of the environment in which they operate. We used a sample of 245 non‐financial publicly listed firms of developing economy, Pakistan, from 2007 to 2019, to examine whether firms that engage in environmental protection activities have lower operating risk than firms that do not. We identified four important dimensions based on previous literature, to develop a unique index for measuring the firms' environmental performance. These dimensions included voluntary standardization, product environmental compliance, process environmental compliance, and environmental social drives. Focused on downside operating risk in terms of firm operating income, we used binary codes to distinguish firms that are negatively deviating from their industrial average. Using logistic regression on our hand‐collected environmental performance index data, this study finds that firms maintaining effective environmental protection activities are less likely to experience operational failure compared to peers who do not. This relationship holds true even after controlling for various firm‐specific factors such as firm size, leverage, growth opportunity, and profitability. Our findings have implications for policymakers and corporate managers who seek to improve their firms' environmental and financial performance simultaneously. By highlighting the potential benefits of corporate environmental protection efforts, our study provides valuable insights for firms operating in emerging economies.
Volatile Organic Compounds from Offspring of Stingless Bee Sacrificed in Hygienic Behavior Test
Authors: Neiva de Jesus Jossimara , Ribeiro Mesquita Paulo Roberto , Barbosa da Silva Kelly , de Medeiros Rodrigues Frederico , Lopes de Carvalho Carlos Alfredo , Gomes da Costa João , Lima Aguiar Cândida Maria
Published: February 2024

This study shows the profile of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from pupae and larvae of Melipona quadrifasciata anthidioides Lepeletier subjected to three death induction techniques for hygienic behavior (HB) studies: freezing in liquid nitrogen (LN2), freezing in a freezer (FRZ) and piercing of offspring with an entomological pin (PIN). The VOCs from larvae and pupae were obtained through headspace solid‐phase microextraction and characterized using gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. In addition, an HB test was performed on the colonies. The main classes of VOCs were hydrocarbons, terpenes and alcohols. Multivariate analysis was applied and showed that there was a separation in the compound profiles between the different treatments. The HB test in the colonies showed that 24 hours after the application of the techniques, the bees removed more dead larvae in LN2 treatment (83.5 %), while after 48 hours more larvae were removed in the LN2 and FRZ treatments (92.3 %). When compared to pupae removal, larvae removal was significantly faster in LN2.
Optimizing the Vanillin‐Acid Sulfuric Method to Total Saponin Content in Leaves of Yerba Mate Clones
Authors: de Aguiar Natalia Saudade , Hansel Fabricio Augusto , Reis Cristiane Aparecida Fioravante , Lazzarotto Marcelo , Wendling Ivar
Published: February 2024

Yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) is a forest species consumed in the form of non‐alcoholic beverages in South America, with applications in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. The species leaves are globally recognized for their important bioactive compounds, including, saponins. We adjusted the vanillin‐acid sulfuric method for determining spectrophotometrically the total saponin in yerba mate leaves. Seeking to maximize the extraction of saponins from leaves, a Doehlert design combined with Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used, considering ethanol:water ratios and ultrasound times. In addition, the same methodology was used for the analysis of times and temperatures in the vanillin‐sulfuric acid reaction heating. The contents of total saponin in mature leaves were compared in four yerba mate clones. The extraction was maximized using 40 % ethanol:60 % water and 60 minutes of ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) without heating. For the reaction conditions, 70 °C for 10 minutes heating is recommended, and UV/Vis reading from 460 to 680 nm. Using the optimized methodology, total saponin contents ranged from 28.43 to 53.09 mg g−1 in the four yerba mate clones. The significant difference in saponin contents between clones indicate great genetic diversity and potential for clones’ selection and extraction of these compounds from yerba mate leaves.
Electrocatalytic Effects of Au Nanoclusters in its Electrochemiluminescence Enhanced by Coreactant Tertiary Amines
Authors: Ma Hedi , Yang Ruoyu , Yi Meijun , Wang Gangli
Published: February 2024

Atomically precise metal nanoclusters are increasingly exploited in electrocatalysis such as water electrolysis and CO2 reduction. The catalytic effects are generally evaluated by conventional electrochemical methods or end‐product analysis. Herein, near infrared electrochemiluminescence (ECL) of the nanoclusters is introduced as a new signaling mechanism to complement classical voltammetric analysis for elucidating essential electrocatalytic parameters. Coreactant ECL from an aqueous soluble Au22 nanocluster (NCs) enhanced by a common pH buffer materials 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) and by a piperazine drug hydroxyzine (HDZ) is studied under oxidative reduction pathways. Foot of the wave analysis on voltametric features and the kinetics profiles in potential‐step experiments are studied in different nanocluster and coreactant concentrations. Benchmark parameters such as rate constants are determined under EC (Electron‐transfer‐Chemical‐reaction) mechanism as feasibility validations. Because the luminescence properties of AuNCs are sensitive to the surface ligands or adsorbents, ECL is proposed as a new signal readout for operando studies providing insights for governing reaction mechanism and kinetics during catalytic reactions. Retrospectively, mechanistic understanding of the complex multi‐step reactions during ECL generation can provide guidance for the evaluation and optimization of ECL property for better quantitative applications.
Mechanistic Insights into Sc(III)‐Catalyzed Asymmetric Homologation of Ketones with Diazo Compounds: How Trans Influence Assists in Controlling Stereochemistry
Authors: Huang Meirong , Wu Yun‐Dong , Zhang Xinhao
Published: February 2024

Asymmetric one‐carbon homologation or ring expansion of ketones with formal insertion of carbene intermediate, is a challenging but useful strategy to construct a complex skeleton. Sc(III) and chiral ligands have been employed in this regard. However, due to flexible conformations and a variety of stereo models, the origin of stereochemistry remains ambiguous. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were carried out to explore the interactions that control the stereoselectivity of a Sc(III)‐catalyzed asymmetric homologation. The trans influence of counterions was found to affect the coordination mode of ketone to Sc(III), and consequently affect the stereoselectivity.
Investigating the benefits of using HPGR prior to cyanidation of low grade gold ore
Authors: Pural Yusuf Enes , Kahya Zeynep , Tarhan Nihat , Şirvancı Nursun , Arslan Fatma , Boylu Feridun
Published: February 2024

It is known that the cracked structure of the particles has positive effects in leaching processes. In this respect, high pressure grinding rolls (HPGR) provides some advantages such as increasing leaching efficiency and reducing leaching time by creating more cracked particles compared to other crushers. Although there are studies on the advantages of HPGR on different ores, these have not been fully demonstrated in low grade gold ores, and leaching kinetics have not been examined in detail in the studies conducted in this context. In this study, first of all, crack formation in a low grade gold ore by crushing with HPGR and jaw crusher was investigated. Then, bottle roll tests were performed in different size fractions and different cyanide concentrations along with column leaching of the pelletized ore in a single test condition. As a result of the studies, it was determined that 2–3 times more cracked particles were formed in HPGR depending on the particle size. It was shown that the modified Kelsall model explains the kinetics better than other kinetic models tested. In summary, it was revealed that maximum gold extractions are almost same for HPGR and jaw crushers. However, the fast dissolution kinetic constant was found to be around 25% higher for HPGR than for the jaw crusher in bottle roll tests while this ratio was approximately 30% higher in column leaching tests, suggesting a distinct influence of the crushing method on the dissolution kinetics.
Is grafting crystals the new art of making conventional elastomers smart?
Authors: Basak Sayan
Published: February 2024

Conventional elastomers, such as polyisoprene, polybutadiene, and styrene–butadiene rubber, lack inherent shape memory properties due to their low glass transition temperature. Recently, researchers have discovered a method to incorporate external crystal moieties, thereby transforming these elastomers into thermoresponsive shape memory polymers. However, the question remains: what possibilities might this revolution unfold in the near future? This brief opinion piece celebrates the development of semi‐crystalline shape memory elastomers developed via grafting crystals onto conventional elastomers and offers personal insights into the potential directions this discovery could take us.
Helical BODIPY Dyes as Heavy‐Atom‐Free Triplet Photosensitizers for Photodynamic Therapy of Cancer
Authors: Mula Soumyaditya , Koli Mrunesh
Published: February 2024

Despite of having many advantages over the popular cancer therapies, photodynamic therapy still is not widely acceptable for clinical applications. Scarcity of efficient triplet photosensitizers (PSs) is one of the main bottlenecks for this. Although numerous heavy atom attached PSs are developed as PDT agents, but these are not suitable for clinical applications due to several reasons. Thus, development of heavy‐atom‐free organic PSs is urgently required. In this context, development of new type of helical BODIPYs as PSs for PDT is discussed. BODIPYs have rich photophysical properties and structural helicity further enhances their triplet conversion rates. This new concept of structural helicity to enhance the triplet conversion of BODIPYs is discussed with reported helical BODIPYs. Helical geometries of these dyes are checked by X‐ray crystallography studies and their high triplet conversions as compared to planar BODIPYs are also confirmed. Importantly, these dyes have high triplet lifetimes and are capable of generating high singlet oxygens even in hypoxia condition as compared to conventional heavy atom attached BODIPYs. All these make the helical BODIPYs excellent candidates as PDT agents. Finally, their successful applications as PDT agents in killing of various types of cancer cells are also discussed. The results are encouraging which indicate that helical BODIPYs could be next generation heavy‐atom‐free PSs for PDT applications.
SWOG 1609 cohort 48: anti–CTLA‐4 and anti–PD‐1 for advanced gallbladder cancer
Authors: Patel Sandip P. , Guadarrama Elizabeth , Chae Young Kwang , Dennis Michael J. , Powers Benjamin C. , Liao Chih‐Yi , Ferri William A. , George Thomas J. , Sharon Elad , Ryan Christopher W. , Othus Megan , Lopez Gabby , Blanke Charles D. , Kurzrock Razelle
Published: February 2024

Introduction

Most patients with advanced gallbladder cancer are treated with multiagent chemotherapy. Immune checkpoint inhibitors offer the possibility of a durable response with less toxicity. This prospective, multicenter, open‐label study was designed to evaluate the anticancer activity of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.

Methods

Nineteen patients with advanced gallbladder cancer refractory to ≥1 previous therapy received nivolumab 240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks and ipilimumab 1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. The primary end point was confirmed radiographic overall response rate (ORR) (complete response [CR] + partial response [PR] confirmed on subsequent scan); secondary end points included unconfirmed overall response, clinical benefit rate (confirmed and unconfirmed responses + stable disease >6 months), progression‐free survival, overall survival, and toxicity.

Results

The confirmed ORR was 16% (CR, n = 1 [5%]; PR, n = 2 [11%]); all were microsatellite stable, and the confirmed CR had undetectable programmed death‐ligand 1 by immunohistochemistry. The unconfirmed ORR and clinical benefit rates were both 32%. The median duration of response was 14.8 months (range, 4–35.1+ months). The 6‐month progression‐free survival was 26% (95% CI, 12–55). The median overall survival was 7.0 months (95% CI, 3.9–19.1). The most common toxicities were fatigue (32%), anemia (26%), and anorexia (26%). Aspartate aminotransferase elevation was the most common grade 3/4 toxicity (11%). There was 1 possibly related death (sepsis with attendant hepatic failure).

Conclusions

Ipilimumab plus nivolumab was well tolerated and showed modest efficacy with durable responses in previously treated patients with advanced gallbladder cancer.

Clinical Trial Registration

NCT02834013 (ClincialTrials.gov).

Plain Language Summary

This prospective study assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus ipilimumab in 19 patients with advanced gallbladder cancer refractory to previous therapy. The combination demonstrated modest efficacy with a 16% confirmed overall response rate, durable responses, and manageable toxicities, suggesting potential benefits for this challenging patient population.
MXene‐Mediated Catalytic Redox Reactions for Biomedical Applications
Authors: Wu Chenyao , Xia Lili , Feng Wei , Chen Yu
Published: February 2024

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in orchestrating a myriad of physiological processes within living systems. With the advent of materdicine, an array of nanomaterials has been intricately engineered to influence the redox equilibrium in biological milieus, thereby pioneering a distinctive therapeutic paradigm predicated on ROS‐centric biochemistry. Among these, two‐dimensional carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides, collectively known as MXenes, stand out due to their multi‐valent and multi‐elemental compositions, large surface area, high conductivity, and pronounced local surface plasmon resonance effects, positioning them as prominent contributors in ROS modulation. This review aims to provide an overview of the advancements in harnessing MXenes for catalytic redox reactions in various biological applications, including tumor, anti‐infective, and anti‐inflammatory therapies. The emphasis lies on elucidating the therapeutic mechanism of MXenes, involving both pro‐oxidation and anti‐oxidation processes, underscoring the redox‐related therapeutic applications facilitated by self‐catalysis, photo‐excitation, and sono‐excitation properties of MXenes. Furthermore, this review highlights the existing challenges and outlines future development trends in leveraging MXenes for ROS‐involving disease treatments, marking a significant step towards the integration of these nanomaterials into clinical practice.
Construction of Double‐enzyme Complexes with DNA Framework Nanorulers for Improving Enzyme Cascade Catalytic Efficiency
Authors: Cao Nan , Wang Shaopeng , Li Fan , Mao Xiuhai , Zuo Xiaolei , Zhang Yueyue , Li Min
Published: February 2024

Efficient biocatalytic cascade reactions play a crucial role in guiding intricate, specific and selective intracellular transformation processes. However, the catalytic activity of the enzyme cascade reaction in bulk solution was greatly impacted by the spatial morphology and inter‐enzyme distance. The programmability and addressability nature of framework nucleic acid (FNA) allows to be used as scaffold for immobilization and to direct the spatial arrangement of enzyme cascade molecules. Here, we used tetrahedral DNA framework (TDF) as nanorulers to assemble two enzymes for constructing a double‐enzyme complex, which significantly enhance the catalytic efficiency of sarcosine oxidase (SOx)/horseradish peroxidase (HRP) cascade system. We synthesized four types of TDF nanorulers capable of programming the lateral distance between enzymes from 5.67 nm to 12.33 nm. Enzymes were chemical modified by ssDNA while preserving most catalytic activity. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to verify the formation of double‐enzyme complex. Four types of double‐enzyme complexes with different enzyme distance were constructed, in which TDF26(SOx+HRP) exhibited the highest relative enzyme cascade catalytic activity, ~3.11‐fold of free‐state enzyme. Importantly, all the double‐enzyme complexes demonstrate a substantial improvement in enzyme cascade catalytic activity compared to free enzymes.
Fault section location in resonant grounding distribution systems based on feature subset optimization of phase current variation
Authors: Bai Hao , Chen Mu‐Yan , Guo Mou‐Fa , Liu Yi‐Peng , Gao Jian‐Hong
Published: February 2024

The existing single‐phase grounding (SPG) fault section location methods typically suffer from difficulty in feature selection, limited feeder terminal units (FTUs) configuration, and excessive dependence on communication, which weaken their generalization and robustness. To overcome these challenges, an SPG fault section location approach based on feature subset optimization is proposed. First, the relation between the position of FTU and its three‐phase current variation is analyzed, and its fault features are extracted to construct the candidate feature sets as feature subset optimization objects. Then, genetic algorithm and support vector machine (SVM) are combined to select the optimal feature subset with small dimensions and recognition error, which avoids the empirical errors of artificial feature selection. To reduce the cumulative errors, the SVM hyperparameters are simultaneously optimized. Finally, the SVM model is trained based on the optimal feature subset and hyperparameters. In the absence of zero‐sequence current measurement, three‐phase currents measured by FTU are locally processed to locate the fault section by the trained SVM. The experimental results verified the effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method.
Blockade of V‐domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T‐cell activation reprograms tumour‐associated macrophages and improves efficacy of PD‐1 inhibitor in gastric cancer
Authors: Cao Yifan , Yu Kuan , Zhang Zihao , Gu Yun , Gu Yichao , Li Wandi , Zhang Weijuan , Shen Zhenbin , Xu Jiejie , Qin Jing
Published: February 2024

Background and aims

In gastric cancer, the response rate of programmed cell death protein‐1 (PD‐1) inhibitor is far from satisfactory, indicating additional nonredundant pathways might hamper antitumour immunity. V‐domain immunoglobulin suppressor of T‐cell activation (VISTA) has been reported in several malignancies as a novel immune‐checkpoint. Nevertheless, the role of VISTA in gastric cancer still remains obscure. Our purpose is to explore the clinical significance and potential mechanism of VISTA in affecting gastric cancer patients’ survival and immunotherapeutic responsiveness.

Methods

Our study recruited eight independent cohorts with a total of 1403 gastric cancer patients. Immunohistochemistry, multiplex immunofluorescence, flow cytometry or intracellular flow cytometry, quantitative polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, fluorescence‐activated cell sorting, magnetic‐activated cell sorting, smart‐seq2, in vitro cell co‐culture and ex vivo tumour inhibition assays were applied to investigate the clinical significance and potential mechanism of VISTA in gastric cancer.

Results

VISTA was predominantly expressed on tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs), and indicated poor clinical outcomes and inferior immunotherapeutic responsiveness. VISTA+ TAMs showed a mixed phenotype. Co‐culture of TAMs and CD8+ T cells indicated that VISTA+ TAMs attenuated effective function of CD8+ T cells. Blockade of VISTA reprogrammed TAMs to a proinflammatory phenotype, reactivated CD8+ T cells and promoted apoptosis of tumour cells. Moreover, blockade of VISTA could also enhance the efficacy of PD‐1 inhibitor, suggesting that blockade of VISTA might synergise with PD‐1 inhibitor in gastric cancer.

Conclusions

Our data revealed that VISTA was an immune‐checkpoint associated with immunotherapeutic resistance. Blockade of VISTA reprogrammed TAMs, promoted T‐cell‐mediated antitumour immunity, and enhanced efficacy of PD‐1 inhibitor, which might have implications in the treatment of gastric cancer.
Dual interactive Wasserstein generative adversarial networks optimized with hybrid Archimedes optimization and chimp optimization algorithm‐based channel estimation in OFDM
Authors: Mydhili S. K.
Published: February 2024

Dual interactive Wasserstein generative adversarial networks optimized with hybrid Archimedes optimization and chimp optimization algorithm‐based channel estimation in OFDM (DiWGAN‐Hyb AOA‐COA‐MIMO‐OFDM) is proposed in this manuscript. In OFDM, there is a non‐stationary channel physical appearance during channel estimation (CE). Therefore in this work, Hyb AOA‐COA is employed to enhance the DiWGAN weight parameters. The proposed DiWGAN‐Hyb AOA‐COA‐MIMO‐OFDM technique is executed in network simulator (NS2) tool. The proposed technique attains lower computational cost 99.67%, 92.34%, and 97.45%; lesser bit error rate 98.33%, 83.12%, and 88.96%; and lesser mean square error 93.15%, 79.90%, and 92.88% compared with existing methods, like MIMO‐OFDM system using deep neural network and MN‐based improved AMO model (DNN‐IAMO‐MIMO‐OFDM), MIMO‐OFDM systems using the deep learning and optimization (RBFNN‐PSO‐MIMO‐OFDM), and MIMO‐OFDM systems using hybrid neural network (HNN‐CSI‐MIMO‐OFDM) respectively.
Effective modeling of metasurface‐loaded circularly polarized dielectric resonator‐based MIMO antenna for sub‐6.0‐GHz band using machine learning algorithms
Authors: Pachori Khushboo , Prakash Amit , Kumar Nagendra
Published: February 2024

In this article, a dual‐port dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is modeled using machine learning (ML) algorithms, that is, deep neural network (DNN), random forest, and XGBoost. The unique properties of the proposed article are as follows: (i) Two different diversity techniques, that is, pattern (with the help of metallic wall) and polarization (mirror image of the aperture), improve the isolation value between the ports; (ii) ML algorithms are used to optimize and predict the reflection coefficient as well as mutual coupling of the proposed antenna. The accuracy of ML algorithms is verified by using the HFSS EM simulator and experimental validation. Error is less than 1%–2% between the value predicted from ML algorithms and HFSS/experimental results. The proposed design is working well in between 2.4 and 4.02 GHz with a 3‐dB axial ratio from 2.84 to 2.95 GHz. All these features make the radiator employable to the sub‐6.0‐GHz frequency band.
Synthesis, characterization, molecular modeling studies, and biological evaluation of metal piroxicam complexes (M = Ni(II), Pt(IV), Pd(II), Ag(I)) as antibacterial and anticancer agents
Authors: Soliman Aya M. , El‐sagheir Ahmed M. K. , Thabet Momen M. , Abdel Hakiem Ahmed Faried , Aboraia Ahmed S.
Published: February 2024

Four piroxicam metal complexes; NiL2, PtL2, PdL2, and AgL were synthesized and characterized by different techniques with enhanced antibacterial and anticancer activity. Regarding in vitro antimicrobial activity, complex NiL2 displayed potent antibacterial effect against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa that was 1.9‐folds higher than piroxicam (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] = 31.85, 65.32 µM), respectively. In case of G+ve bacteria, complex PtL2 had potent activity on Staphylococcus aureus which was 2.1‐folds higher than piroxicam (MIC = 43.12 µM), while activity of complex AgL against Enterococcus faecalis was threefolds higher than piroxicam (MIC = 74.57 µM. Complexes PtL2 and PdL2 exhibited higher inhibition of DNA gyrase than piroxicam (IC50 = 6.21 µM) in the range of 1.9–1.7‐folds. The in vitro antiproliferative activity depicted that all investigated complexes showed better cytotoxic effect than piroxicam, specifically Pt and Pd complexes which had lower IC50 values than piroxicam on human liver cancer cell line HepG2 by 1.8 and 1.7‐folds, respectively. While Pd and Ag complexes showed 2 and 1.6‐folds better effect on human colon cancer cell line HT‐29 compared with piroxicam. Molecular modeling studies including docking on Stranded DNA Duplex (1juu) and DNA gyrase enzyme (1kzn) that gave good insight about interaction of complexes with target molecules, calculation of electrostatic potential map and global reactivity descriptors were performed.
Create inclusive content with accessibility tools
Authors: Talarico Donna
Published: February 2024

When you create social media graphics, downloadable lead magnets, new academic program pages for your website, and email newsletters, are you keeping accessibility in mind? I certainly hope so. It's not only required by federal law for many colleges and universities, but it's also simply the right thing to do — and will most likely lead to a better experience for all, not just students with disabilities.
Body mass, temperature, and pathogen intensity differentially affect critical thermal maxima and their population‐level variation in a solitary bee
Authors: Jones Laura J. , Miller Douglas A. , Schilder Rudolf J. , López‐Uribe Margarita M.
Published: February 2024

Climate change presents a major threat to species distribution and persistence. Understanding what abiotic or biotic factors influence the thermal tolerances of natural populations is critical to assessing their vulnerability under rapidly changing thermal regimes. This study evaluates how body mass, local climate, and pathogen intensity influence heat tolerance and its population‐level variation (SD) among individuals of the solitary bee Xenoglossa pruinosa. We assess the sex‐specific relationships between these factors and heat tolerance given the differences in size between sexes and the ground‐nesting behavior of the females. We collected X. pruinosa individuals from 14 sites across Pennsylvania, USA, that varied in mean temperature, precipitation, and soil texture. We measured the critical thermal maxima (CTmax) of X. pruinosa individuals as our proxy for heat tolerance and used quantitative PCR to determine relative intensities of three parasite groups—trypanosomes, Spiroplasma apis (mollicute bacteria), and Vairimorpha apis (microsporidian). While there was no difference in CTmax between the sexes, we found that CTmax increased significantly with body mass and that this relationship was stronger for males than for females. Air temperature, precipitation, and soil texture did not predict mean CTmax for either sex. However, population‐level variation in CTmax was strongly and negatively correlated with air temperature, which suggests that temperature is acting as an environmental filter. Of the parasites screened, only trypanosome intensity correlated with heat tolerance. Specifically, trypanosome intensity negatively correlated with the CTmax of female X. pruinosa but not males. Our results highlight the importance of considering size, sex, and infection status when evaluating thermal tolerance traits. Importantly, this study reveals the need to evaluate trends in the variation of heat tolerance within and between populations and consider implications of reduced variation in heat tolerance for the persistence of ectotherms in future climate conditions.
eDNA metabarcoding reveals riverine fish community structure and climate associations in northeastern Canada
Authors: Crowley Samantha E. , Bentzen Paul , Kess Tony , Duffy Steven J. , Messmer Amber M. , Watson Beth , Dempson J. Brian , Keefe Donald G. , Perry Robert C. , Marquis Benjamin , Hajibabaei Mehrdad , Fahner Nicole , Berghuis Lesley , Hobrecker Kerry , Bradbury Ian R.
Published: February 2024

Climate change is a critical threat to northern freshwater ecosystems, yet many remote areas are data deficient in terms of biodiversity information. Generating community composition data through collection of environmental DNA (eDNA) is less labor‐intensive than traditional sampling methods and is being increasingly used in areas that have been historically difficult to sample such as northern freshwater habitats. Here, we employed eDNA metabarcoding using three mitochondrial markers at 174 coastal river sites, sampled over three years (2019–2021) across a broad region in northeastern North America, Newfoundland and Labrador. We characterized current riverine fish community composition, compared it to traditional sampling records, and quantified the influence of climate on variation in fish community composition. The analysis detected 33 fish species across the region (1–13 per location), including three non‐native species, as well as several new possible range expansions. Variance partitioning with redundancy analysis indicated ~56% of the variation in community composition could be explained by spatial and climate factors (~21% and ~7%, respectively, with an additional ~28% shared). A temporal comparison across a subset of locations with both eDNA and historical records (1965–1985) revealed that more species were detected on average with eDNA sampling, and that sampling method explained a small portion of the variation (~4%) in comparison with space (~10%) and climate (~7%). Ultimately, this work is the most complete survey of freshwater and diadromous fishes present in Newfoundland and Labrador to date, highlights new detections of non‐native species including previously unknown diversity for the region, and provides future direction for the application of eDNA analysis in northern riverine habitats.
Plank exercise improves respiratory capacity through positive changes in body composition, abdominis function, and autonomic nerves' activities
Authors: Park Sihwa , Kim Young‐Chul , Jee Yong‐Seok
Published: February 2024

This research aimed to explore the impact of plank exercise training (PET) on respiratory function, body composition, abdominis performance, and autonomic nervous system (ANS). Sixty‐one young adults participated and were divided into a control group (CG, n = 31) and an exercise group (EG, n = 30), wherein PET was administered 3 days per week for 12 weeks. After the experiment, the body composition of the CG deteriorated, whereas that of the EG improved (p < 0.001). The EG exhibited a reduction of ∼34% in the mean maximum displacement and a rise of ∼20% in the mean contraction time of the abdominis. The sit‐up in the EG demonstrated a significant increase of ∼55%. In the EG, there was a substantial increase in peak expiratory force by ∼24% and forced expiratory volume in 1 s by ∼14%, accompanied by a reduction in resting respiratory rate by ∼ −9%. When compared to the CG, these alterations were significant between the two groups (p = 0.001). In the EG, there was a significant decrease in resting heart rate by ∼2%, accompanied by a decrease in sympathetic nervous activity by ∼ −5% and by an increase in parasympathetic nervous activity by ∼5%. When compared to the CG, these alterations were significant between the two groups (p = 0.001). The findings of this study revealed that implementing PET in young adults, while controlling for dietary intake and physical activity, resulted in noteworthy changes in respiratory capacity. These changes were coupled with improvements in body composition, abdominal functions, and the ANS.
Work productivity, quality of life, and care needs: An unfolding epilepsy burden revealed in the Australian Epilepsy Project pilot study
Authors: Marquina Clara , Foster Emma , Chen Zhibin , Vaughan David N. , Abbott David F. , Tailby Chris , Jackson Graeme D. , Kwan Patrick , Ademi Zanfina ,   for the Australian Epilepsy Project
Published: February 2024

Objective

Epilepsy is a common and serious neurological disorder. This cross‐sectional analysis addresses the burden of epilepsy at different stages of the disease.

Methods

This pilot study is embedded within the Australian Epilepsy Project (AEP), aiming to provide epilepsy support through a national network of dedicated sites. For this analysis, adults aged 18–65 years with first unprovoked seizure (FUS), newly diagnosed epilepsy (NDE), or drug‐resistant epilepsy (DRE) were recruited between February–August 2022. Baseline clinicodemographic data were collected from the participants who completed questionnaires to assess their quality of life (QOLIE‐31, EQ‐5D‐5L), work productivity (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment [WPAI]), and care needs. Univariate analysis and multivariate regression was performed.

Results

172 participants formed the study cohort (median age 34, interquartile range [IQR]: 26–45), comprising FUS (n = 44), NDE (n = 53), and DRE (n = 75). Mean QOLIE‐31 score was 56 (standard deviation [SD] ± 18) and median EQ‐5D‐5L score was 0.77 (IQR: 0.56–0.92). QOLIE‐31 but not EQ‐5D‐5L scores were significantly lower in the DRE group compared to FUS and NDE groups (p < 0.001). Overall, 64.5% of participants participated in paid work, with fewer DRE (52.0%) compared with FUS (76.7%) and NDE (72.5%) (p < 0.001). Compared to those not in paid employment, those in paid employment had significantly higher quality of life scores (p < 0.001). Almost 5.8% of participants required formal care (median 20 h/week, IQR: 12–55) and 17.7% required informal care (median 16 h/week, IQR: 7–101).

Significance

Epilepsy is associated with a large burden in terms of quality of life, productivity and care needs.

Plain Language Summary

This is a pilot study from the Australian Epilepsy Project (AEP). It reports health economic data for adults of working age who live with epilepsy. It found that people with focal drug‐resistant epilepsy had lower quality of life scores and were less likely to participate in paid employment compared to people with new diagnosis epilepsy. This study provides important local data regarding the burden of epilepsy and will help researchers in the future to measure the impact of the AEP on important personal and societal health economic outcomes.
Towards the net zero carbon future: A review of blockchain‐enabled peer‐to‐peer carbon trading
Authors: Parhamfar Mohammad , Sadeghkhani Iman , Adeli Amir Mohammad
Published: February 2024

The increasing trend of energy generation and management systems towards decentralized structures such as using renewable energy resources makes it necessary to use digital and smart platforms for exchanging information and even conducting financial transactions in a decentralized manner, known as the peer‐to‐peer model. The decentralized transaction verification of cryptocurrencies makes it possible to use these encrypted currencies and decentralized blockchain networks in energy management systems and carry out financial transactions related to carbon trading. Carbon and other greenhouse gas (GHG) emission trading systems reduce the competitiveness of fossil fuel projects in the market and accelerate investment in low‐carbon energy sources such as wind and photovoltaic power generation units. This market mechanism allows large entities such as countries and companies that emit GHGs into the atmosphere to buy and sell these gases. This paper reviews the blockchain solutions developed for carbon markets. Studies related to the design of smart contracts in the platform of blockchain are investigated. Special cryptocurrencies that are used in the field of green energy transactions and carbon trading are introduced. In addition, the application of artificial intelligence and game theory in energy trading is stated. The study of different blockchain frameworks for carbon trading shows that the use of decentralized platforms in carbon trading can have a significant impact on the trend towards low‐carbon measures and achieving the goals of the Kyoto Treaty, increasing the value of green cryptocurrencies and the volume of transactions. These technologies offer a promising avenue for creating a more decentralized, efficient, and environmentally conscious energy ecosystem.
How do surrogates make treatment decisions for patients with dementia: An experimental survey study
Authors: Nicholas Lauren Hersch , Langa Kenneth M. , Halpern Scott D. , Macis Mario
Published: February 2024

Despite the growing need for surrogate decision‐making for older adults, little is known about how surrogates make decisions and whether advance directives would change decision‐making. We conducted a nationally representative experimental survey that cross‐randomized cognitive impairment, gender, and characteristics of advance care planning among hospitalized older adults through a series of vignettes. Our study yielded three main findings: first, respondents were much less likely to recommend life‐sustaining treatments for patients with dementia, especially after personal exposure. Second, respondents were more likely to ignore patient preferences for life‐extending treatment when the patient had dementia, and choose unwanted life‐extending treatments for patients without dementia. Third, in scenarios where the patient's wishes were unclear, respondents were more likely to choose treatments that matched their own preferences. These findings underscore the need for improved communication and decision‐making processes for patients with cognitive impairment and highlight the importance of choosing a surrogate decision‐maker with similar treatment preferences.
New Selective Inhibitors of α‐Glucosidase for the Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Khanchouch Takwa , Vallin Aurélie , Alali Urjwan , Benazza Mohammed , Abidi Rym , Bonnet Véronique
Published: February 2024

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic dreadful disease caused by an uncontrolled glucose level in the bloodstream, particularly high after a meal. Inhibitors of glucosidases, involved in the digestion of carbohydrates, can regulate this post‐prandial increase in glucose concentration. The traditional drugs act as competitive inhibitors of both pancreatic α‐amylase and α‐glucosidases and this unselective inhibition is behind severe gastrointestinal side effects related to the concomitant inhibition of α‐amylase. We described herein some perglycosylated cyclodextrins as efficient and selective inhibitors of α‐glucosidase with low micromolar IC50 (3.64‐7.98 μM) compared to the acarbose (IC50 212 μM), clinically used for patients suffering from type 2 diabetes. On the other hand, they do not inhibit α‐amylase (IC50>500 μM). Structure/activity relationship rationalization suggests multiple interactions between the described inhibitors and α‐glucosidase, which support the existence of both active site and allosteric interactions.
Circulating endogenous sex steroids and risk of differentiated thyroid carcinoma in men and women
Authors: Rinaldi Sabina , Dossus Laure , Keski‐Rahkonen Pekka , Kiss Agneta , Navionis Anne‐Sophie , Biessy Carine , Travis Ruth , Weiderpass Elisabete , Romieu Isabelle , Eriksen Anne Kirstine , Tjonneland Anne , Kvaskoff Marina , Canonico Marianne , Truong Thérèse , Katzke Verena , Kaaks Rudolf , Catalano Alberto , Panico Salvatore , Masala Giovanna , Tumino Rosario , Lukic Marko , Olsen Karina Standahl , Zamora‐Ros Raul , Santiuste Carmen , Aizpurua Atxega Amaia , Guevara Marcela , Rodriguez‐Barranco Miguel , Sandstrom Maria , Hennings Joakim , Almquist Martin , Aglago Kouassivi Elom , Christakoudi Sofia , Gunter Marc , Franceschi Silvia
Published: February 2024

Thyroid cancer (TC) is substantially more common in women than in men, pointing to a possible role of sex steroid hormones. We investigated the association between circulating sex steroid hormones, sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and the risk of differentiated TC in men and women within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and nutrition (EPIC) cohort. During follow‐up, we identified 333 first primary incident cases of differentiated TC (152 in pre/peri‐menopausal women, 111 in post‐menopausal women, and 70 in men) and 706 cancer‐free controls. Women taking exogenous hormones at blood donation were excluded. Plasma concentrations of testosterone, androstenedione, dehydroepiandrosterone, estradiol, estrone and progesterone (in pre‐menopausal women only) were performed using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry method. SHBG concentrations were measured by immunoassay. Odds ratios (ORs) were estimated using conditional logistic regression models adjusted for possible confounders. No significant associations were observed in men and postmenopausal women, while a borderline significant increase in differentiated TC risk was observed with increasing testosterone (adjusted OR T3 vs T1: 1.68, 95% CI: 0.96–2.92, ptrend = .06) and androstenedione concentrations in pre/perimenopausal women (adjusted OR T3 vs T1: 1.78, 95% CI: 0.96–3.30, ptrend = .06, respectively). A borderline decrease in risk was observed for the highest progesterone/estradiol ratio (adjusted OR T3 vs T1: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.28–1.05, ptrend = .07). Overall, our results do not support a major role of circulating sex steroids in the etiology of differentiated TC in post‐menopausal women and men but may suggest an involvement of altered sex steroid production in pre‐menopausal women.
Diagnosis and resolution of an enigmatic calcified pelvic mass post‐hysterectomy: A case report
Authors: Ota Kuniaki , Asai Satoshi , Takagi Shun , Kikuchi Mahomi , Miyazaki Kotaro , Saiki Naohiko , Tajima Hiroto , Nagase Masanori , Asada Hironori , Ota Yoshiaki , Takahashi Toshifumi
Published: February 2024

Synopsis

A 73‐year‐old woman with a history of hysterectomy presented with pelvic calcified lesions. Imaging led to laparoscopic surgery, revealing a calcified fibroid after subtotal hysterectomy.