bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Device‐Level Optimization ofn‐Type Mg3(Sb, Bi)2‐Based Thermoelectric Modules toward Applications: A Perspective
Authors: Xu Congcong , Liang Zhongxin , Song Shaowei , Ren Zhifeng
Published: July 2023

In recent decades, improvements in thermoelectric material performance have made it more practical to generate electricity from waste heat and to use solid‐state devices for refrigeration. However, despite the development of successful strategies to enhance the figure‐of‐meritzT, optimizing devices for large‐scale applications remains challenging. HighzTvalues do not guarantee excellent device performance, and maintaining highzTover a wide temperature range is difficult. Thus, device‐level structural optimization is crucial for maximizing overall energy conversion efficiency. Proper interfacial and structure design strategies, including contact layer selection, multi‐stage optimization, and size matching for then‐ andp‐type thermoelectric legs, are necessary for advancing device performance. Additionally, thermal stability issues, device assembly techniques, mechanical properties, and manufacturing costs are crucial considerations for large‐scale applications. To achieve actual applications, the thermoelectric community must look beyond simply aiming for highzTvalues. This article focuses on modules based onn‐type Mg3(Sb, Bi)2, one of the most promising commercially available thermoelectric materials, and discusses the influence of various parameters on the modules and on the corresponding device‐level optimization strategies.
Defect and Interface Engineered Tungsten Bronze Superstructure Anode toward Advanced Sodium Storage
Authors: Xiong Xuhui , Liu Zhengwang , Yang Liting , Liang Guisheng , Zhang Ruixuan , Cheng Yifeng , Liu Jiwei , Zhang Jincang , Che Renchao
Published: July 2023

Defect and interface engineering, which can facilitate exceptional electrochemical stability and activity, are some of the most important strategies in devising electrode materials. However, the complex nanoscale chemistry and structure characteristics make the origin of electrochemical mechanism extremely difficult to understand. To eliminate this issue, the delicately designed 1D tungsten bronze superstructure anode, guided by defect and interface engineering, is successfully prepared for sodium storage to gain insight into the endogenous structure‐property relationships. It can realize the intensely enhanced Na+‐storage performance with a safe operating potential of ≈0.5 V, a high specific capacity of 228 mAh g−1 at 0.1 C and superior rate performance, which is attributed to the rapid electron and ion transfer process induced by abundant heterointerfaces. More importantly, it can convey an ultra‐stable long‐term cycling performance, with the capacity retention close to 90% after 4500 cycles at 5 C and 10000 cycles at 10 C, which can be explained by the inherently zero‐strain characteristic of a novel vacancy‐ordered superstructure in tungsten bronze Ba3.4Nb10O28.4 (BNO). This study reveals the structural origins of defect and interface engineering responsible for electrochemical mechanism, providing critical insight into the design of superior electrode materials.
Color‐Tunable, Excitation‐Dependent, and Water Stimulus‐Responsive Room‐Temperature Phosphorescence Cellulose for Versatile Applications
Authors: Peng Fang , Chen Yian , Liu Hongchen , Chen Pan , Peng Feng , Qi Haisong
Published: July 2023

Smart‐response materials with ultralong room‐temperature phosphorescence (RTP) are highly desirable, but they have rarely been described, especially those originating from sustainable polymers. Herein, a variety of cellulose derivatives with 1,4‐dihydropyridine (DHP) rings are synthesized through the Hantzsch reaction, giving impressive RTP with a long lifetime of up to 1251 ms. Specifically, the introduction of acetoacetyl groups and DHP rings promotes the spin‐orbit coupling and intersystem crossing process; and multiple interactions between cellulose induce clustering and inhibit the nonradiative transitions, boosting long‐live RTP. Furthermore, the resulting transparent and flexible cellulose films also exhibit excitation‐dependent and color‐tunable afterglows by introducing different extended aromatic groups. More interestingly, the RTP performance of these films is sensitive to water and can be repeated in response to wet/dry stimuli. Inspired by these advantages, the RTP cellulose demonstrates advanced applications in information encryption and anti‐counterfeiting. This work not only enriches the photophysical properties of cellulose but also provides a versatile platform for the development of sustainable afterglows.
Materials, Structures, and Strategies for Foldable Electroluminescent Devices
Authors: Chen Zhi‐Yu , Yin Da , Feng Jing
Published: July 2023

Foldable electroluminescent (EL) devices have attracted much attention in recent years. By folding, 2D EL devices can be transformed to 3D structures, which play an important role in foldable, portable, and 3D displays. Foldability is similar to flexibility, but there are differences. Foldable electronic devices mainly focus on the properties of the folding regions, which are flexible or stretchable, while the non‐folding regions may be rigid. On the other hand, folding deformation is usually accompanied by severe and sharp compression and stretching in the folding regions, which have a significant impact on device performance. The unique deformation characteristics make foldable devices complicated in materials, structures, and strategies. In this review, the progress of foldable electronic devices is summarized. According to the crease characteristics, foldable devices are divided into a free‐folding type and a crease‐preset type. First, the materials, structures, and strategies of various non‐luminescent foldable electronic devices are summarized, which will enlighten the research of foldable EL devices. Then, the progress of foldable EL devices is summarized. Foldable EL devices are still in the early stage of research and still face many problems and challenges. It is hoped that this review can promote their rapid development.
Self‐Powered Photodetector with High Performance Based on All‐2D NbSe2/MoSe2 van der Waals Heterostructure
Authors: Li Chunyu , Wu Zhiming , Zhang Chaoyi , Peng Silu , Han Jiayue , He Meiyu , Dong Xiang , Gou Jun , Wang Jun , Jiang Yadong
Published: July 2023

2D materials provide an effective strategy for the construction of fast‐responsive and highly sensitive Schottky heterojunction devices. However, the strong Fermi pinning at the contact between bulk metallic electrodes and 2D semiconductor materials greatly hinders the wide application of such devices in optoelectronics. Herein, a self‐powered photodetector with high performance is fabricated based on an all‐2D van der Waals (vdWs) heterojunction composed of metallic 2H‐NbSe2 and semiconducting MoSe2. Benefiting from the strong built‐in electric field, the device exhibits a high rectification ratio of 2.1 × 103. Furthermore, the photovoltaic effect can be observed in a broad spectrum ranging from 405 to 980 nm without external voltage, where a maximum responsivity of 64.92 A W−1, a maximum specific detectivity of 2.39 × 1014 Jones, and a large on–off current ratio >105 are obtained at 650 nm. Simultaneously, the efficient charge separation at the high‐quality heterointerface of NbSe2/MoSe2 results in a fast response/recovery time of 180/80 µs. This work demonstrates the promising potential of the 2D metallic NbSe2 as an electrode forming a Schottky heterojunction to realize a high‐performance broadband photodetector for near‐infrared communication.
Volumetric Refractive Index Measurement and Quantitative Density Analysis of Mouse Brain Tissue with Sub‐Micrometer Spatial Resolution
Authors: Lee Ariel J. , Hugonnet Herve , Kim Young Seo , Kim Joon-Goon , Lee Moosung , Ku Taeyun , Park YongKeun
Published: July 2023

High‐resolution structural imaging of brain tissue is important for neuroscience research. However, conventional approaches have several limitations, such as the need for exogenous staining, limited accessibility to volumetric information, and qualitative analysis. Herein, high‐resolution label‐free volumetric imaging and analysis of mouse brain tissue are presented using 3D quantitative phase imaging. Measurement of the refractive index distribution of tissue enables direct imaging of the cellular and subcellular structures. Quantification of subcellular organelles is performed in the anatomical regions of the somatosensory cortex, corpus callosum, caudoputamen, and thalamus regions.
Electrosynthesis of Aryliminophosphoranes in Continuous Flow
Authors: Costa e Silva Rodrigo , Vega Clara , Regnier Morgan , Capaldo Luca , Wesenberg Lars , Lowe Grace , Thiago de Oliveira Kleber , Noël Timothy
Published: July 2023

A practical electrochemical method for synthesizing aryliminophosphoranes from widely available nitro(hetero)arenes in a continuous‐flow system is presented. The utilization of flow technology offers several advantages to our approach, including the elimination of the need for a supporting electrolyte and enhanced scalability. Our method demonstrates good tolerance towards various functional groups, with electron‐deficient nitroarenes being particularly suitable for this strategy. In addition, we have demonstrated the versatility of aryliminophosphoranes as intermediates in synthesizing anilines, amines, and amides. To further enhance the utility of our approach, we have developed a telescoped method that utilizes a tube‐in‐tube setup for the in‐situ production of isocyanates.
Electrophilic C3−H Alkenylation of 2,6‐Dialkoxypyridine Derivatives via Pd(II)/Tl(III) Reaction System
Authors: Yamada Takahiro , Tanaka Kosaku , Hashimoto Yoshimitsu , Morita Nobuyoshi , Tamura Osamu
Published: July 2023

Herein, we report the reaction system based on Pd(II) catalyst and Tl(OCOCF3)3 for the electrophilic C3−H alkenylation of 2,6‐dialkokypyridines with alkenes. Synergistic action of the Pd/thioether ligand catalytic system and Tl(III) results in efficient C−H alkenylation of various nitrogen heteroaromatics with complete regioselectivity. Remarkably, the use of a sterically hindered thioether ligand and the Pd(II)/Tl(III) system enables mono‐selective C3(5)−H alkenylation of 2,6‐dialkoxypyridines, and subsequent introduction of a second, different alkene affords unsymmetrical, multi‐substituted pyridine derivatives. Mechanistic studies indicate that the reaction proceeds via electrophilic thallation of heteroarenes followed by Pd‐catalyzed Heck‐type reaction. The utility of this method is showcased by its application to the late‐stage functionalization of structurally complex bioactive molecules having 2,6‐dialkoxypyridine as a core structure.
Controllable Skyrmionic Phase Transition between Néel Skyrmions and Bloch Skyrmionic Bubbles in van der Waals Ferromagnet Fe3‐δGeTe2
Authors: Liu Chen , Jiang Jiawei , Zhang Chenhui , Wang Qingping , Zhang Huai , Zheng Dongxing , Li Yan , Ma Yinchang , Algaidi Hanin , Gao Xingsen , Hou Zhipeng , Mi Wenbo , Liu Jun‐ming , Qiu Ziqiang , Zhang Xixiang
Published: July 2023

The van der Waals (vdW) ferromagnet Fe3‐δGeTe2 has garnered significant research interest as a platform for skyrmionic spin configurations, that is, skyrmions and skyrmionic bubbles. However, despite extensive efforts, the origin of the Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in Fe3‐δGeTe2 remains elusive, making it challenging to acquire these skyrmionic phases in a controlled manner. In this study, it is demonstrated that the Fe content in Fe3‐δGeTe2 has a profound effect on the crystal structure, DMI, and skyrmionic phase. For the first time, a marked increase in Fe atom displacement with decreasing Fe content is observed, transforming the original centrosymmetric crystal structure into a non‐centrosymmetric symmetry, leading to a considerable DMI. Additionally, by varying the Fe content and sample thickness, a controllable transition between Néel‐type skyrmions and Bloch‐type skyrmionic bubbles is achieved, governed by a delicate interplay between dipole–dipole interaction and the DMI. The findings offer novel insights into the variable skyrmionic phases in Fe3‐δGeTe2 and provide the impetus for developing vdW ferromagnet‐based spintronic devices.
Integrated Extrinsic and Intrinsic Self‐Healing of Polysiloxane Materials by Cleavable Molecular Cages Encapsulating Fluoride Ions
Authors: Suzuki Mai , Hayashi Taiki , Hikino Takuya , Kishi Masafumi , Matsuno Takamichi , Wada Hiroaki , Kuroda Kazuyuki , Shimojima Atsushi
Published: July 2023

Self‐healing ability is crucial to increasing the lifetime and reliability of materials. In this study, spatiotemporal control of the healing of a polysiloxane material is achieved using a cleavable cage compound encapsulating a fluoride ion (F−), which triggeres the dynamic rearrangement of the siloxane (Si–O–Si) networks. A self‐healing siloxane‐based elastomer is prepared by cross‐linking polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a F−‐encapsulating cage‐type germoxane (Ge–O–Ge) compound. This material can self‐heal repeatedly under humid conditions. The F− released by hydrolytic cleavage of the cage framework contributes to rejoining of the cut pieces by promoting the local rearrangement of the siloxane networks. The use of a molecular cage encapsulating a catalyst for dynamic bond rearrangement provides a new concept for designing self‐healing polysiloxane materials based on integrated extrinsic and intrinsic mechanisms.
Chiroptical Synaptic Heterojunction Phototransistors Based on Self‐Assembled Nanohelix of π‐Conjugated Molecules for Direct Noise‐Reduced Detection of Circularly Polarized Light
Authors: Lee Hanna , Hwang Jun Ho , Song Seung Ho , Han Hyemi , Han Seo‐Jung , Suh Bong Lim , Hur Kahyun , Kyhm Jihoon , Ahn Jongtae , Cho Jeong Ho , Hwang Do Kyung , Lee Eunji , Choi Changsoon , Lim Jung Ah
Published: July 2023

High‐performance chiroptical synaptic phototransistors are successfully demonstrated using heterojunctions composed of a self‐assembled nanohelix of a π‐conjugated molecule and a metal oxide semiconductor. To impart strong chiroptical activity to the device, a diketopyrrolopyrrole‐based π‐conjugated molecule decorated with chiral glutamic acid is newly synthesized; this molecule is capable of supramolecular self‐assembly through noncovalent intermolecular interactions. In particular, nanohelix formed by intertwinded fibers with strong and stable chiroptical activity in a solid‐film state are obtained through hydrogen‐bonding‐driven, gelation‐assisted self‐assembly. Phototransistors based on interfacial charge transfer at the heterojunction from the chiroptical nanohelix to the metal oxide semiconductor show excellent chiroptical detection with a high photocurrent dissymmetry factor of 1.97 and a high photoresponsivity of 218 A W−1. The chiroptical phototransistor demonstrates photonic synapse‐like, time‐dependent photocurrent generation, along with persistent photoconductivity, which is attributed to the interfacial charge trapping. Through the advantage of synaptic functionality, a trained convolutional neural network successfully recognizes noise‐reduced circularly polarized images of handwritten alphabetic characters with better than 89.7% accuracy.
Boosting Reaction Kinetics and Mass Transfer of Bifunctional Co‐Based Oxygen Electrocatalyst Prepared from CoAl‐LDH
Authors: Zhao Weipeng , Zhang Qicheng , Zhu Yuanzhi , Zhao Pengwei , Chen Bin , Peng Wenchao , Li Yang , Zhang Fengbao , Fan Xiaobin
Published: July 2023

The simultaneous optimization of sluggish reaction kinetics and mass transfer in bifunctional oxygen electrocatalysts for air cathodes remains a great challenge. This study utilizes CoAl‐layered double hydroxide as a metal precursor to fabricate a bifunctional oxygen electrocatalyst, denoted as CoAlOXD‐Thin. This electrocatalyst features a specific core–shell structure of Co species, which grows on an aerophilic and conductive substrate composed of Al2O3 and carbon. It is successfully demonstrated that the thickness of Co@Co3O4 core–shell structure can be easily controlled by selecting different precursors and the combination of Co core and Co3O4 shell optimizes the adsorption strength of intermediates, leading to enhanced catalytic performance. Additionally, the Al species plays a dual role. It not only facilitates the mass transfer of oxygen species but also hinders the 2e− pathway of oxygen reduction reaction, leading to improved selectivity. Notably, the Zn–air batteries utilizing CoAlOXD‐Thin demonstrate an impressive peak power density of 216.2 mW cm−2, a high specific capacity of 800.8 mAh gZn−1, and excellent cycling stability and reversibility, surpassing those of the Pt/C + RuO2 catalyst. This study presents a novel approach to enhance air cathode performance by optimizing reaction kinetics and mass transfer through precursor design.
Synergetic Effect of Aluminum Oxide and Organic Halide Salts on Two‐Dimensional Perovskite Layer Formation and Stability Enhancement of Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Choi Eunyoung , Lee Jin‐Won , Anaya Miguel , Mirabelli Alessandro , Shim Hongjae , Strzalka Joseph , Lim Jongchul , Yun Siwon , Dubajic Milos , Lim Jihoo , Seidel Jan , Agbenyeke Raphael Edem , Kim Chang Gyoun , Jeon Nam Joong , Soufiani Arman Mahboubi , Park Helen Hejin , Yun Jae Sung
Published: July 2023

Long‐chain organic halide salts are widely used in perovskite‐based optoelectronic devices for surface passivation owing to their capability to interact with the surface defects of perovskites. Here, aluminum oxide (AlOx) is introduced via atomic layer deposition onto octylammonium iodide (OAI) to exploit the benefits of organic halide salts without generating undesired defects. The devices incorporating AlOx on OAI‐treated perovskite (OAI/AlOx) show enhancement in both device performance and photo‐stability compared to those with only treatment. A diffusion of aluminum from AlOx into the perovskite through surface characterization contributes to a uniform photo‐generated carrier transport in both the surface and the bulk of the perovskite absorber. In addition, it is revealed that light‐induced two‐dimensional perovskite formation on OAI/AlOx. This may be ascribed to preventing the loss of OA cations due to the presence of AlOx, leading to a decrease in the number of iodine anions which suppresses the light‐induced degradation of corresponding devices. Consequently, the devices show over 24% efficiency and retain their efficiency over 1000 hours under continuous light illumination.
Cathode Electrolyte Interface Engineering by Gradient Fluorination for High‐Performance Lithium Rich Cathode
Authors: Di Lu , Yufang Chen , Weiwei Sun , Wei Xie , Shuaiyu Yi , Shiqiang Luo , Lanlan Zuo , Yanshuang Zhao , Tianyan Yang , Peitao Xiao , Chunman Zheng
Published: July 2023

Despite their ultrahigh specific capacity, lithium‐rich layered oxide cathodes are still plagued by challenges such as poor cycle stability and notorious voltage decay, which are primarily attributed to surface issues such as the release of lattice oxygen and interfacial side reactions. In this study, a facial strategy of gradient fluorination is adopted to construct a thin but robust LiF‐rich cathode electrolyte interface (CEI), highly enhancing the stability of the interface of lithium‐rich oxides. Experimental results and theoretical calculations both demonstrate that the stable CEI not only promotes oxygen participation in redox reactions and simultaneously inhibits oxygen release and structural transition, but also facilitates the transport kinetics of lithium ions. As a result, the gradient fluorinated lithium‐rich cathode delivers highly enhanced rate performance (133 mAh g−1 at 5 C), superior cycling stability with a capacity retention of 81.9% after 100 cycles at 1 C (250 mAh g−1), and alleviated voltage fade (only 1.75 mV per cycle). Moreover, a unique formation mechanism for LiF‐rich surfaces is proposed according to theoretical calculations. This work not only provides a fresh understanding of the CEI formation mechanism, but also show a promising avenue for designing LiF‐rich CEIs applicable to other layered oxide cathodes.
Revolutionizing n‐type Co3O4 Nanowire for Hydrogen Gas Sensing
Authors: Kumarage Gayan W. C. , Zappa Dario , Mihalcea Catalina G. , Maraloiu Valentin-Adrian , Stefan Mariana , Comini Elisabetta
Published: July 2023

This study presents conductometric sensors based on Co3O4 nanowires for hydrogen detection at ppb levels. The nanowires are synthesized through thermal oxidation of a 50 nm cobalt layer, exhibiting diameters between 6–50 nm and lengths of 1–5 μm, primarily growing along the (311) direction of spinal Co3O4. Raman investigation reveals five characteristic peaks at 195, 482, 521, 620, and 692 cm−1, corresponding to symmetric phonon modes of crystalline Co3O4. Electron paramagnetic resonance measurements confirm the presence of a ferromagnetic phase, attributed to incomplete cobalt oxidation, which disappears after 8 h of thermal aging at 400 °C. Conductometry measurements are performed in the temperature range of 300–500 °C. At temperatures above 300 °C, sensors exhibit abnormal n‐type semiconducting behavior due to lattice oxygen's involvement in the hydrogen sensing mechanism. Operating at 450 °C in dry air, the sensor shows a higher 232% response to 100 ppm H2 compared to ethanol, acetone, methane, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide. Remarkably, the sensor maintains a consistent conductance baseline even under high humidity (90%) for 25 d, with three‐cycle repeatability. This distinctive gas‐sensing capability is attributed to the catalytic activity and elevated operating temperature.
Micromechanical modeling of devulcanized ground tyre rubber, graphene platelets, and carbon black in recycled natural rubber blends
Authors: Innes James Robert , Siddique Nehnah , Hebda Michael , Thompson Glen , Wang Xiaolei , Coates Phil , Whiteside Ben , Benkreira Hadj , Caton‐Rose Philip , Lu Canhui , Wang Qi , Kelly Adrian
Published: July 2023

Waste tyres are a global problem, with 1.5 billion being generated annually. To reduce this problem, a circular economy for tyres should be developed. This requires the incorporation of recycled tyre rubber in tyre products. Yet, most recycled rubber is of insufficient quality. Recycled rubber must react sufficiently well with virgin rubber to be elastically effective in the 3D crosslinked network. Although a broad range of devulcanization techniques have been developed, many recycled‐virgin rubber blends show significant reductions in stiffness compared with their virgin counterparts. This paper demonstrates that micromechanical models for filler reinforcement can be used to evaluate whether recycled rubber behaves in an elastically effective manner. Furthermore, mechanical devulcanization of ground tyre rubber (GTR) by solid‐state shear milling was shown to produce a recycled rubber powder that is elastically effective when blended with virgin natural rubber (vNR). These blends match the equivalent virgin rubber stiffness, despite high‐recyclate content (30/70 vNR/GTR). The addition of nanofillers (carbon black and graphene nanoplatelets) to these blends was evaluated to see how they compared with virgin compounds and filler reinforcement theories. This process may allow for incorporation of devulcanized rubber into existing products, promoting a circular economy for high‐value rubber recycling.
Footwear as product‐service systems: Toward sustainable alternative consumption scenarios
Authors: Mittal Sameer , Khan Muztoba Ahmad , Yadav Vinod , Sharma Milind K.
Published: July 2023

The existing footwear ecosystem is not environmentally friendly and thus poses a threat to sustainability. In this article, our objective is to take a product‐service systems approach to propose alternative footwear consumption scenarios from a sustainability viewpoint and investigate the perspective of Indian consumers toward the proposed scenarios. To this end, we initially conducted a comprehensive literature review to explore alternative consumption scenarios in the realm of fashion products. This step led to the development of 10 alternative footwear consumption scenarios that focus on maintenance and repair, takeback, assembly, customization, personalization, advice and consultancy, rent, sequential share, swap, and functionality. Next, we adopted the focus group interview methodology to investigate the perception of Indian consumers toward the 10 alternative footwear consumption scenarios, which can inform the footwear industry's product development, marketing strategies, and sustainability initiatives. Our results indicate that while the participants found the consumption scenarios to be interesting and practical, they feel that the proposed scenarios may prove to be more feasible for comparatively expensive footwear products because of the associated logistics costs. Furthermore, the participants pointed out a few cultural as well as hygiene‐related issues that may hinder the adoption of certain alternative footwear consumption scenarios.
Utility of cerebrospinal fluid liquid biopsy in distinguishing CNS lymphoma from cerebrospinal infectious/demyelinating diseases
Authors: Iriyama Chisako , Murate Kenichiro , Iba Sachiko , Okamoto Akinao , Goto Naoe , Yamamoto Hideyuki , Kato Toshiharu , Mihara Keichiro , Miyama Takahiko , Hattori Keiko , Kajiya Ryoko , Okamoto Masataka , Mizutani Yasuaki , Yamada Seiji , Tsukamoto Tetsuya , Hirose Yuichi , Mutoh Tatsuro , Watanabe Hirohisa , Tomita Akihiro
Published: July 2023

Background

Distinguishing between central nervous system lymphoma (CNSL) and CNS infectious and/or demyelinating diseases, although clinically important, is sometimes difficult even using imaging strategies and conventional cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analyses. To determine whether detection of genetic mutations enables differentiation between these diseases and the early detection of CNSL, we performed mutational analysis using CSF liquid biopsy technique.

Methods

In this study, we extracted cell‐free DNA from the CSF (CSF‐cfDNA) of CNSL (N = 10), CNS infectious disease (N = 10), and demyelinating disease (N = 10) patients, and performed quantitative mutational analysis by droplet‐digital PCR. Conventional analyses were also performed using peripheral blood and CSF to confirm the characteristics of each disease.

Results

Blood hemoglobin and albumin levels were significantly lower in CNSL than CNS infectious and demyelinating diseases, CSF cell counts were significantly higher in infectious diseases than CNSL and demyelinating diseases, and CSF‐cfDNA concentrations were significantly higher in infectious diseases than CNSL and demyelinating diseases. Mutation analysis using CSF‐cfDNA detected MYD88L265P and CD79Y196 mutations in 60% of CNSLs each, with either mutation detected in 80% of cases. Mutual existence of both mutations was identified in 40% of cases. These mutations were not detected in either infectious or demyelinating diseases, and the sensitivity and specificity of detecting either MYD88/CD79B mutations in CNSL were 80% and 100%, respectively. In the four cases biopsied, the median time from collecting CSF with the detected mutations to definitive diagnosis by conventional methods was 22.5 days (range, 18–93 days).

Conclusions

These results suggest that mutation analysis using CSF‐cfDNA might be useful for differentiating CNSL from CNS infectious/demyelinating diseases and for early detection of CNSL, even in cases where brain biopsy is difficult to perform.
Child and adolescent well‐being: Potentials of intersectionality for community psychology
Authors: Bilbao‐Nieva M. Isidora , Alfaro Inzunza Jaime
Published: July 2023

This theoretical article aims to recognize the potential of intersectionality theory for understanding well‐being during childhood and adolescence, particularly from a community psychology perspective. Following the tenets of intersectionality, the article analyses and proposes three relevant dimensions for community psychologists, researchers and professionals interested in studying and intervening in children's and adolescents' well‐being. Those dimensions consider (1) adultism as an intersecting power axis fundamental for understanding well‐being, (2) the acknowledgment of diversity in well‐being conceptions and experiences as a critical issue and (3) the need for advancing studies that involve praxis and engagement in transformative changes for child and adolescent well‐being.
Metabolite Profiling of Pleurotus ostreatus Grown on Sisal Agro‐Industrial Waste Supplemented with Cocoa Almond Tegument and Wheat Bran
Authors: Ferraz Caline G. , Ribeiro Paulo R. , Verde Brenno V. , dos S. Silva Rafael , do Carmo C. Silva Maria , do Carmo Cristiano O. , Bazioli Jaqueline M. , dos Santos Iago B. F. , Fill Taicia P. , Sforca Mauricio L. , Silva Franceli , da S. Magaton Andréia , Soares Ana Cristina F.
Published: July 2023

Pleurotus ostreatus is an edible fungus with high nutritional value that uses industrial and agricultural lignocellulosic residues as substrates for growth and reproduction. Understanding their growth metabolic dynamics on agro‐industrial wastes would help to develop economically viable and eco‐friendly biotechnological strategies for food production. Thus, we used UHPLC/MS/MS and GNPS as an innovative approach to investigate the chemical composition of two strains of P. ostreatus, coded as BH (Black Hirataki) and WH (White Hirataki), grown on sisal waste mixture (SW) supplemented with 20 % cocoa almond tegument (CAT) or 20 % of wheat bran (WB). Metabolite dereplication allowed the identification of 53 metabolites, which included glycerophospholipids, fatty acids, monoacylglycerols, steroids, carbohydrates, amino acids, and flavonoids. This is the first report of the identification of these compounds in P. ostreatus, except for the steroid ergosterol. Most of the metabolites described in this work possess potential biological activities, which support the nutraceutical properties of P. ostreatus. Thus, the results of this study provide essential leads to the understanding of white‐rot fungi chemical plasticity aiming at developing alternative biotechnologies strategies for waste recycling.
Chemical Profiling and Antifungal Activity of Ziziphora clinopodioides Leaf Essential Oil against the Pathogen Verticillium dahliae
Authors: Han Caixia , Mei Yu , Zhou Shixing , Shao Hua
Published: July 2023

Essential oils (EOs) are often used as natural antifungal agents to control the growth of phytopathogenic fungi. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of Ziziphora clinopodioides leaf EO against Verticillium dahliae, a pathogenic fungus of cotton. Gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) analysis revealed the presence of 15 compounds of the total of extracted oil, which was consisted of 98.79 % monoterpenes and 0.61 % sesquiterpenes. The major constituents were pulegone (62.17 %), isomenthone (18.42 %), l‐menthone (5.55 %) and piperitenone (3.99 %). The mycelial growth of Verticillium dahliae was completely inhibited at 0.24 μL/mL air under vapor phase condition. Considerable morphological variations were also observed in the fungal sclerotia at the contact phase at 3 μL/mL. This study demonstrated for the first time that Z. clinopodioides EO can effectively inhibit the growth of V. dahliae, implying that it has the potential to be explored as an antifungal agent against Verticillium Wilt of cotton.
Synthesis of Novel Pyrazole‐Oxindole Conjugates with Cytotoxicity in Human Cancer Cells via Apoptosis
Authors: Jain Pravesh M. , Gutierrez Denisse A. , Kumar Sujeet , Aguilera Renato J. , Karki Subhas S.
Published: July 2023

A novel series of pyrazole‐oxindole conjugates were prepared and characterized as potential cytotoxic agents by FT‐IR, NMR and HR‐MS. The cytotoxic activity of these compounds was tested in the Jurkat acute T cell leukemia, CEM acute lymphoblastic leukemia, MCF10 A mammary epithelial and MDA‐MB 231 triple negative breast cancer cell lines. Among the tested conjugates, 5‐methyl‐3‐((3‐(1‐phenyl)‐3‐(p‐tolyl)‐1H‐pyrazol‐4‐yl)methylene)indolin‐2‐one 6h emerged as the most cytotoxic with a CC50 of 4.36+/−0.2 μM against Jurkat cells. The mechanism of cell death induced by 6h was investigated through the Annexin V‐FITC assay via flow cytometry. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, mitochondrial health and the cell cycle progression were also evaluated in cells exposed to 6h. Results demonstrated that 6h induces apoptosis in a dose‐response manner, without generating ROS and/or altering mitochondrial health. In addition, 6h disrupted the cell cycle distribution causing an increase in DNA fragmentation (Sub G0‐G1), and an arrest in the G0‐G1 phase. Taken together, the 6h compound revealed a strong potential as an antineoplastic agent evidenced by its cytotoxicity in leukemia cells, the activation of apoptosis and restriction of the cell cycle progression.
Research on the Chemical Constituents against Alzheimer's Disease of the Fruits of Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino
Authors: Teng Yang , Yuan Qi , Wu You , Wu Shuang , Su Jin , Zhang Pengxia , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2023

Physalis alkekengi L. var. franchetii (Mast.) Makino (PA) is a natural plant which is utilised as a traditional herbal medicine. It has properties that make it effective against inflammation and free radical damage. In the present study, the major constituents of four extraction parts of the fruits of PA (PAF) were investigated by combining ultra‐performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry (UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS). The mice model of Alzheimer's disease (AD) induced by aluminum chloride (AlCl3) combined with D‐galactose (D‐gal) was established to comprehend the mechanism behind PAF's anti‐AD activity from both behavioural and pathological perspectives. The results showed that four extraction parts of PAF (PAFE) had favorable anti‐AD effects and the ethyl acetate (EA) group showed the best activity. UPLC‐Q‐TOF‐MS analysis identified Physalin B, Nobiletin and Caffeic acid as the main anti‐AD active constituents in EA extract. This study reveals that PAF can reduce neuroinflammatory damage by inhibiting p38 mitogen‐activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) signaling pathway, which is the theoretical basis for clinical development and utilization of PAF in AD therapy.
Prediction of residual ischemia after coronary stenting by quantitative flow ratio modulated by optical coherence tomography: Where we are now and our future perspectives
Authors: Suzuki Nobuaki
Published: July 2023

Key Points

The present article revealed the utility of simulated residual OCT‐μQFR, which was computed from pre‐PCI angiography and OCT, by assuming full stent expansion to the intended‐to‐treat segment.

More accurate and specific PCI planning, including the decision on treatment segment and the size and length of devices, is possible using simulated residual OCT‐μQFR.

Future studies should be considered to determine whether the further plaque composition AI analysis application will support comprehensive residual risk assessment by OCT‐guided PCI.
Impact of concomitant tricuspid regurgitation on outcome after edge‐to‐edge mitral valve repair
Authors: Gröger Matthias , Zeiml Katharina P. , Schneider Leonhard M. , Rottbauer Wolfgang , Markovic Sinisa , Keßler Mirjam
Published: July 2023

Aims

To evaluate the impact of tricuspid regurgitation (TR) on echocardiographic and functional outcome after mitral valve transcatheter edge‐to‐edge‐repair (M‐TEER).

Methods and Results

A total of 740 patients underwent M‐TEER at our center from 2010 to 2021. Patients were analyzed according to severity of concomitant TR at the time of M‐TEER procedure: low‐grade TR (grade ≤I [trace–mild], 279 patients [37.7%]), moderate TR (grade II, 170 patients [23.0%]) and high‐grade TR (grade III‐V [severe–torrential], 291 patients [39.3%]). Patients with moderate to high‐grade TR had higher morbidity. Procedural success of M‐TEER was achieved similarly in all groups (98.2% vs. 97.6% vs. 95.9%, p = 0.22). TR severity decreased rapidly and consistently after M‐TEER to only 48.0% of high‐grade TR patients after 3 months (p < 0.001) and to 46.8% after 12 months (p = 0.99). High‐grade TR patients had significantly higher mortality (21.5% vs. 18.2% vs. 11.1%, p = 0.003) up to 12 months after M‐TEER. However, high‐grade TR did not independently predict mortality (HR 1.302, 95% CI 0.937–1.810; p = 0.116). Echocardiographic and functional outcome was similar in both secondary and primary MR patients.

Conclusions

High‐grade concomitant TR did not independently predict adverse outcome following M‐TEER. A wait‐and‐observe approach for these patients is reasonable.
Sinus node dysfunction during transcatheter assessment and stent correction of sinus venosus atrial septal defects
Authors: Sandoval Juan Pablo , Rosenthal Eric , Arias Eduardo , García‐Montes José A. , Rodríguez‐Zanella Hugo , Zabal Carlos , Kabir Saleha , Yong San Fui , Jones Matthew , Qureshi Shakeel
Published: July 2023

Covered stent correction of a superior sinus venosus atrial septal defect is increasingly performed as an alternative to surgical repair. While sinus node dysfunction requiring pacemaker implantation may be required after surgical repair, this has not been previously reported after covered stent implantation. We reviewed the experience in two interventional centers. Balloon inflation in the superior vena cava was used to confirm the anomalous pulmonary vein drainage would be unobstructed after stent implantation. During balloon testing in 62 consecutive patients, we assessed gradients across the pulmonary vein to left atrium while monitoring the rhythm. We observed the outcomes after covered stent correction in 51 patients. In a single patient, significant bradycardia and pauses developed on repeat balloon testing and the procedure was abandoned without stent implantation. In another patient, there was no sign of sinus node dysfunction during balloon testing but several hours after stent implantation, the patient became symptomatic from sinus bradycardia and pauses and had a pacemaker implanted 3 days later. Over a year later there are some signs of improvement in sinus node function. While sinus node dysfunction has not been described previously during balloon testing or after stent implantation, this report demonstrates for the first time that it may occur. Larger registries are therefore required to monitor for this uncommon complication.
Sugars as Emerging Hydrogen Donors in the Synthesis of Alditol via Catalytic Transfer Hydrogenation
Authors: Wang Shuqi , Hui Yingshuang , Zhan Yulu , Gao Lou , Zhang Yahong , Tang Yi
Published: July 2023

The utilization of biomass‐derived sugars as the emerging hydrogen donor in catalytic transfer hydrogenation (CTH) reactions has received great attention in recent years. In this work, we proposed two CTH routes of alditol production in the aqueous solution, i. e. self‐disproportionation of sugar and cross CTH of different sugars. Both could realize the process of sugar towards alditol. Taking advantage of the differences in hydrogenation and dehydrogenation capabilities of different sugars, a high C4 alditol yield of 85.9 % was surprisingly obtained via cross CTH route using glucose as the hydrogen donor, which is much better than that obtained when using traditional hydrogen donor isopropanol. The CTH reactions using sugars as the hydrogen donor can not only reduce the utilization of fossil energy, but also provide a new pathway for the production of alditols.
Intermetallic Rh3Sn2 Catalysts for Selective Hydrogenation of Functionalized Nitroarenes to Aromatic Ammonia
Authors: Zuo Lu‐Jie , Xue Kun‐Ze , Xu Shi‐Long , Kong Yuan , Liang Hai‐Wei
Published: July 2023

The selective reduction of functionalized nitroarenes to aniline is a promising strategy to produce industrially vital aniline intermediates, while achieving high selectivity is challenging. Here, we reported the synthesis of structurally ordered Rh3Sn2 intermetallic catalysts that exhibited a high selectivity of 95.1 % in the hydrogenation of 4‐nitrostyrene to 4‐aminostyrene. Density functional theory calculation reveals that the adsorption of nitrostyrene through the nitro group on Rh3Sn2 (110) surface are great improved with the addition of the Sn atom. In addition, a significant electronic effect is formed between Rh and Sn by charge transfer that makes the Rh3Sn2 intermetallic compound more favorable for the hydrogenation of nitro group.
Parameter Identification of a Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Model under Different Temperature Conditions
Authors: Singh Parminder , Sandhu Amanpreet
Published: July 2023

A new effective method for optimization of unknown parameters in solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) stack models is suggested. The overall voltage of the SOFC stack depends on these predicted parameters. The goal is to reduce the mean square error (MSE) between the empirical and the predicted polarization curve obtained using the method. Black widow optimization (BWO), a metaheuristic method inspired by nature, describes the minimization process. This algorithm is made to alter the search space, avoid local optima, and deliver greater efficiency in the exploitation and exploration stages. Situations based on multidimensional benchmark functions and SOFC stack temperature variations are investigated to ascertain the system consistency.
N‐Doped Octagon‐Containing HBC as Redox and pH Chiroptical Switch in the NIR
Authors: Medel Miguel A. , Hortigüela Lidia , Lloveras Vega , Catalán‐Toledo José , Miguel Delia , Mota Antonio J. , Crivillers Núria , Campaña Araceli G. , Morcillo Sara P.
Published: July 2023

The optical and chiroptical properties of an aza‐HBC‐oct‐[5]helicene have been studied and also modulated by means of protonation or oxidation. In both cases, the generated species shows a new absorption band in the NIR region that is not present in the neutral species. This result enables this N‐doped nanographene to act both as optical and, remarkably, as chiroptical switch since both the CD and CPL can be modulated by external stimuli such as redox or pH changes.
Milling Medium‐Free Suzuki Coupling by Direct Mechanocatalysis: From Mixer Mills to Resonant Acoustic Mixers**
Authors: Wohlgemuth Maximilian , Schmidt Sarah , Mayer Maike , Pickhardt Wilm , Grätz Sven , Borchardt Lars
Published: July 2023

Here we describe the development of a sustainable and cost‐effective approach for catalytic cross‐coupling reactions in mechanochemistry. It is found that the substrate‘s impact with the vessel wall alone is sufficient to initiate the reaction, thus indicating that milling balls function primarily as a mixing agent for direct mechanocatalytic Suzuki coupling. The absence of milling balls can be offset by adjusting the rheology using liquid‐assisted grinding (LAG). The LAG sweet spot of 0.25 μL mg−1 is confirmed for both resonance acoustic mixers (RAMs) and ball‐free mixer mills, and is higher than in the presence of milling balls. RAMs exhibit excellent performance in the Suzuki reaction, achieving yields of 90 % after 60 min and complete conversion after 90 min. The longevity of the milling vessel is significantly improved in a RAM, allowing for at least 20 reactions without deterioration.
2H‐Phosphindole‐Enabled Dearomatization and [4+2] Cycloaddition of (Hetero)Arenes
Authors: Luo Haotian , Wang Junjian , Tian Rongqiang , Duan Zheng
Published: July 2023

The heavier main group multiple bonds offer an effective tool for small molecule activation. Transient 2H‐phosphinidole working as a reactive phosphadiene system undergoes phospha‐Diels‐Alder reaction with a wide range of non‐activated aromatic carbocycles and heterocycles, including naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, furan, thiophene, pyrrole, pyridine, and benzo‐fused heterocycles, affording concise access to a range of polycyclic fused rings feature with phosphorus at the bridgehead. These results demonstrate that non‐activated (hetero)arenes are capable of acting as 2π systems in [4+2] cycloaddition with highly reactive 2H‐phosphindole complex.
Separation of Mixtures of Rutin and Quercetin: Evaluating the Productivity of Preparative Chromatography
Authors: Vu Tien Dinh , Selvasembian Rangabhashiyam , Mutavdžin Ivana , Horosanskaia Elena , Lorenz Heike , Seidel-Morgenstern Andreas
Published: July 2023

The flavonoid rutin is present in significant amounts in the flower buds of Sophora japonica L. It offers numerous desired pharmacological effects. Under certain extraction conditions quercetin is found as a hydrolysis product which needs to be separated from rutin. This paper describes the application of liquid chromatography to solve this task. Based on the determination of adsorption equilibrium constants and column efficiencies, the productivity of the separation process is estimated, and scale‐up considerations are presented. A comparison with alternatively directly crystallizing rutin from raw extracts is also reported.
NeI2 Photofragmentation Dynamics Through Quasiclassical and Semiclassical Studies
Authors: Puentes‐Milián Loidel , García‐Alfonso Ernesto , Márquez‐Mijares Maykel , Rubayo‐Soneira Jesús
Published: July 2023

The triatomic system NeI2 is studied under the consideration that the diatom is found in an excited electronic state (B). The vibrational levels (v=13, …, 23) are considered within two well‐known theoretical procedures: quasi‐classical trajectories (QCT), where the classical equations of motion for nuclei are solved on a single potential energy surface (PES), and the trajectory surface hopping (TSH) method, where the same are solved in a bunch of crossed vibrational PES (diabatic representation). The trajectory surface hopping fewest switches (TSHFS) is implemented to minimize the number of hoppings, thus allowing the calculations of hopping probability between the different PES's, and the kinetic mechanism to track the dissociation path. From these calculations, several observables such as, the lifetimes, vibrational and rotational energies (I2), dissociation channels, are obtained. Our results are compared with previous experimental and theoretical work.
Cellulose Dissolution, Modification, and the Derived Hydrogel: A Review
Authors: Wu Chao , Li Jun , Zhang Yu‐qing , Li Xin , Wang Shu‐ya , Li De‐qiang
Published: July 2023

The cellulose‐based hydrogel has occupied a pivotal position in almost all walks of life. However, the native cellulose can not be directly used for preparing hydrogel due to the complex non‐covalent interactions. Some literature has discussed the dissolution and modification of cellulose but has yet to address the influence of the pretreatment on the as‐prepared hydrogels. Firstly, the “touching” of cellulose by derived and non‐derived solvents was introduced, namely, the dissolution of cellulose. Secondly, the “conversion” of functional groups on the cellulose surface by special routes, which is the modification of cellulose. The above‐mentioned two parts were intended to explain the changes in physicochemical properties of cellulose by these routes and their influences on the subsequent hydrogel preparation. Finally, the “reinforcement” of cellulose‐based hydrogels by physical and chemical techniques was summarized, viz., improving the mechanical properties of cellulose‐based hydrogels and the changes in the multi‐level structure of the interior of cellulose‐based hydrogels.