bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Estimation of Fish Biomass and Attached Organisms beneath Oyster Rafts in Hiroshima Bay, Japan
Authors: Wahyudin Wahyudin , Yamamoto Tamiji
Published: November 2021

Hiroshima Bays is top production approximately 60% of oyster production in Japan. For cultivate of oyster, fishermen use hanging rafts. A thousand of raft is hanging during 2-3 years in the bay. Large-scale oyster culture may change the ecosystem structure and material cycles in the bay through the filtration of particulate matter by oysters and other associated animals. This study described the community structure of marine organisme in terms of fishes surrounding and animal attached on oyster rafts. Field observation was carried out from 2016 to 2019 at oyster farming in Hiroshima Bay. Oyster production and provisioning for the fish habitat were also evaluated by placing underwater video cameras beneath oyster culture rafts. The result showed that black seabream was high biomass and oyster it shelf was bigger bioyster for animal attached on oyster raft. The number of individual, mussel is most abundance of animal attach on oyster raft with ratio 9:1 than number of oyster. Maintaining oyster culture is important not only for maintaining oyster production, but also for maintaining fish production by enhancing material cycles through the paths in the food chains of Hiroshima Bay under oligotrophic conditions.
Root Biomass Estimation in Natural and Planted Mangrove
Authors: Sudirman Nasir , Kepel Terry Louise , Ati Restu Nur Afi , Kusumaningtyas Mariska A. , Salim Hadiwijaya Lesmana
Published: November 2021

Belowground root biomass plays an essential role in the mangrove ecosystem as potential carbon storage, nutrient gain, or sediment accumulation yet is still overlooked. Therefore, estimation of root biomass is necessary. The objective was to determine and compare the belowground root biomass at the natural and planted mangrove ecosystem. We also measured the forest structure and the aboveground biomass. This study was conducted at four stations in Pramuka Island, Pari Island, Rambut Island (2 stations), Seribu Islands, Jakarta. The first island represented planted mangroves, whereas the latter two as natural stems. Rhizophora stylosa was the dominant species in three stations except for Rambut Island 2 that dominated by Ceriops Tagal. Stand densities were 2730±5 stems ha-1, 1733±5 stems ha-1, 1311±2 stems ha-1, and 1300±2 stems ha-1 for Pramuka Island, Pari Island, Rambut Island 1 and 2. The highest pile density was counted in Rambut Island 2 for 1612±8 stems ha-1 and the lowest in Pramuka Island (780±5 stems ha-1). The aboveground biomass was estimated as follows 109.13±11.91 Mg ha-1 in Pari Island, 89.45±19.53 in Rambut Island 2, 68.41±17.12 Mg ha-1 in Rambut Island 1, and 14.05±5.74 Mg ha-1 in Pramuka Island. Belowground root biomass in planted mangrove Pramuka Island (3.63±0.82 Mg ha-1) and the other two natural mangroves Pari Island (6.56±0.47 Mg ha-1) and Rambut Island 1 (7.17±0.81 Mg ha-1), were similar except for Rambut Island 2 (49.23±6.77 Mg ha-1). The contribution of root biomass ranges from 6-24% of the total biomass of mangrove trees, whereas the fine roots (< 2 mm) biomass occurred 28-74% in the entire root biomass. The results confirm the high contribution of belowground root biomass to the total biomass pool and the importance of maintaining the planted mangrove as a part of ecosystem rehabilitation.
Analyzing Customer Satisfaction Over Telecom Companies in Sudan Using Apriori Algorithm
Authors: Fageeri Sallam Osman , Arockiasamy S. , Said Aiman Moyaid
Published: November 2021

With the rapid growth in the field of information and communication technology, the demand for telecommunications and internet services increased over the years. In Sudan, three reputed telecom companies provide these types of services. Although a great competition between these companies in order to attract more new customers and also to keep the existing customers satisfied, many new and existing customers still has some apprehensions over the difficulty on how to choose the best among the service providers in terms of full range of services with affordable cost. This study aims to measure the customer satisfaction from the telecom companies in Sudan. The survey questionnaire designed and distributed electronically to as many customers to find frequent patterns by applying association rule mining techniques. The results of analysis show that Zain Sudan performs better compared to MTN and Sudani telecom companies in terms of various customer-oriented services.
A Granger Causal Analysis of Tax-Spend Hypothesis: Evidence from Malaysia
Authors: Khan Hanana , Marimuthu Maran , Lai Fong-Woon
Published: November 2021

In economics, the investigation of the association between government revenues (GR) and government expenditures (GE) remains an essential discussion because of its vital role in policy implication concerning the Budget deficit. This paper aims to conduct a causal analysis of these two fiscal variables (government revenue and expenditure) using financial time-series data covering the period from 1990 to 2019 of Malaysia. The analyses used the unit root, Johanson Cointegration, and the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM). Unit root test proposed tested variables are integrated at a level first. Johanson's cointegration test disclosed the fact that long-run relationships exist between the tested variable. Finally, Granger causality analysis reveals a one-way relation between government revenues and expenditures and this unidirectional association is from revenues to expenditures which indicates that in Malaysia, expenditures are supported by revenues; in other words, the Tax-spend hypothesis is supported. In VECM short-run analysis, government revenues can affect government expenditures significantly and 11% disequilibrium can be corrected in the short-run. In short-run and long-run revenues are supporting expenditures. The study recommends that to avoid a high risk of economic problems like a fiscal illusion, unnecessary financial burden, and inflation policymakers should not be imposing a high tax rate to cut the budget deficit.
Work-related Mobile Instant Messaging Use After Work Hours During Covid-19 Pandemic
Authors: Phan Ah-Kiaw , Sethu Sharmila
Published: November 2021

The Covid-19 pandemic has a far-reaching impact on workplace practices with billions of employees worldwide have to alter work patterns. Most employees fully embraced digital technologies, including mobile instant messaging (MIM) apps, to fulfil their work obligations under new normal. However, the work-related MIM use does not translate into good practice. Its use has extended beyond the contracted schedule, worsening work-life balance, job satisfaction and job performance among employees. Despite the gradual easing of lockdown measures, work-related MIM use after work hours will likely continue to an undetermined period as herd immunity is yet to achieve. Therefore, this captures the urgency to understand the mechanism on how work-related MIM use after work hours can be beneficial to employees during the pandemic, which is under-represented. The study elicited data through an online survey from 368 full-time employees in Malaysia. The evidence suggested employees who obtained information sharing gratification, mobile convenience gratification and self-presentation gratification enjoyed better WLB, subsequently formed higher job satisfaction and ultimately enhance their job performance, based on the postulation of the Uses and Gratification theory and Job Demands-Resources theory. Thus, work-related MIM use after work hours should not be interpreted negatively. Both researchers and practitioners should work jointly on how to implement practices concerning healthy yet sustainable MIM use after work hours to be more resilient for future pandemics.
Entrepreneurship Education and Its Effect on Entrepreneurial Intentions of Omani Undergraduate Students
Authors: Al Ghafri Fatima , Malik Mustafa
Published: November 2021

Entrepreneurial capacity building is one of the important strategies to boost economic growth in general and solve unemployment problems in particular. Governments across the world have taken wider initiatives to encourage entrepreneurship among younger generations. Oman has never been an exception to this phenomenon. It has introduced several initiative and programs to promote entrepreneurship in the Country. One of the important initiatives to promote entrepreneurship came in the year 2015 when the Oman Ministry of Higher Education made it mandatory for all the higher education institution (HEIs) in the Country to introduce a course on Entrepreneurship across all their academic programs. Since the academic year 2015-2016, all the HEIs in the country have been training all their students in entrepreneurship as a national requirement. In this background, the purpose of this paper is to report the effects of entrepreneurship education, which is a national initiative, on the students’ entrepreneurial intention at the Country’s second biggest university, the University of Nizwa. One full cohort of students (N=349) who registered for the University required Entrepreneurship course (MNGT100) at the University of Nizwa, for Fall 2019-2020 Semester was surveyed. The findings show that the entrepreneurial education can positively influence the entrepreneurial intentions of the students. The findings have academic as well as policy implications as strengthening and enhancing entrepreneurship education will further enhance the students’ entrepreneurial intentions.
Sustainability of E-learning in Vietnam: The case study of FPT University
Authors: Trang Vu Minh
Published: November 2021

This paper aims to analyze the sustainability of E-learning of the university education system in Vietnam, specifically FPT University, during the Covid 19 epidemic. In the case of FPT University in this research, the students and teachers and managers from the Business Administration department, who are already familiar with online learning methods, gave information about their perspectives about the sustainability of E-learning based on Environmental, Economic and Social aspects. Furthermore, the lecturers, students, and managers concluded the best sustainable learning method among Synchronous Asynchronous, and Blended Learning. Moreover, some recommendations to sustain E-learning are proposed to strengthen the E-learning system in Vietnam. Qualitative research is applied in this study to find out the sustainability of E-learning in Vietnam.
Performance appraisal as antecedents of job satisfaction among employees in a selected public institution of higher learning
Authors: Mariam Abdullah Siti , Fatihah Abdullah Bandar Nur , Ahmad Rusli , Sumilan Helmi , Sopian Shminan Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Performance appraisal (PA) is an important activity in any organisation. Employers have the responsibility of evaluating the work performance of each and every employee. In acknowledgement of this, most organizations persist in conducting performance appraisals despite numerous problems and constraints. This research attempts to determine the influence of performance appraisal as antecedents of job satisfaction among employees in a selected public institution of higher learning in Sarawak, East Malaysia. Quantitative methodology using an adapted questionnaire with statistical tests like Pearson Correlation Coefficient and Multiple Linear Regression (Stepwise) were utilised to analyse the data. The findings indicated that the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of PA have a positive and significant relationship with job satisfaction. Results also revealed that the strengths of PA is one of significant factors contributing to job satisfaction among employee on the practice of performance appraisal system.
Motivating factors affecting the individual energy consumption behavior
Authors: Akbar Jalal ud Din , Ridhuan Tony Lim Abdullah Muhammad
Published: November 2021

Global challenges of climate change and environmental deterioration helped in formulating seventeen sustainable development goals through United Nation. Achieving these sustainable goals, Malaysia initiated and track progress towards affordable and clean energy. The natural environment and climate are mostly influenced by human behavior. Due to the role of human behavior in climate change, a strong tendency towards the pursuit of energy sustainability exists. Attention is paid to strengthen the human behavior from general acts of doing things to carrying specific actions by adopting a responsible behavior into daily routine. A number of factors were identified through literature such as social structure, institution, and education for understanding the individual behavior for sustainability with regard to energy consumption. Many experts related to the field of energy were engaged to sort and prioritize these factors with respect to their importance by using multi-criteria decision making tool of analytical hierarchy process (AHP). The experts were selected from different sectors such as academia, NGOs and industry. With the help of experts, a framework of individual energy consumption behaviour is developed to allow the government and other stakeholders to make policies accordingly to achieve energy sustainable.
Women Empowerment and Work-Life Balance of Women Engineers in the Malaysian Energy Sector: A Conceptual Framework
Authors: Izzaty Shahirah Nor Sham Nur , Salleh Rohani , Syahirah Syed Sheikh Sharifah
Published: November 2021

Malaysian energy sector is listed as one of the sectors that have lower participation of women. This is due to the problem of attracting and retaining the women workforce within the field. The major reason women leave the energy sector especially in the engineering field, is due to the difficulties in balancing work-life. Women hold dual and triple roles where they are stucked between responsibilities as mother, wife, and daughter as well as responsibilities in the workplace. This situation contributes a great impact on their work-life balance. Empowering women in the sector could help in giving them more control in managing their work and family. Hence, this paper aims to provide an overview on women empowerment and its impact on work-life balance. In addition, this paper proposes a conceptual framework to analyze the level of women empowerment (welfare, access, conscientization, participation and control) and its impact on work-life balance of women engineers in Malaysian energy sector for future study. This paper will contribute to the knowledge on an area that is still relatively uncovered. Which refers to the impact of women empowerment and work-life balance of women engineers in energy sector. It is important for organizations to be aware about the importance of women empowerment and their employees work-life balance. Thus, organizations can take an appropriate intervention in order to empower their women talent and assist them to have better work-life balance.
Exploring Frontline Employees’ Motivations to Engage in value Cocreation: A Context of Non-Fuel Retailing
Authors: Amin Muhammad , Shamim Amjad , Ghazali Zulkipli bin
Published: November 2021

In the context of non-fuel retailing, the goal of this study is to find out what motivates frontline employees to participate in value cocreation activities with consumers. According to this study, frontline employees participate in value cocreation activities to attain the expected or perceived value they desire. Through the conduction of six interviews in Malaysia's automotive sector, this study used an exploratory technique to investigate the underlying characteristics of frontline employees' motives. Semi structured interviews were done with the use of a topic guide, but the researchers were not confined in their frame of reference, allowing them to explore for clarification and confirmation. The results of the interviews were examined using an idiographic technique and then compared using cross-case analysis. Professional identity, financial benefits, career progression opportunities, and workplace recognition are all motivators for frontline employees to cocreate value. Due to variances in the employees' past expectations, these reasons may change across different service situations. Managers may begin measuring and managing service interactions between frontline personnel and customers by understanding their motives to cocreate value.
Blutdrucksenkende pleiotrope Effekte antidiabetischer Medikamente
Authors: Babic Milen , van der Giet Markus
Published: November 2021

In den letzten Jahren haben sich einige Medikamente hervorgetan, die unabhängig von ihrer primären Indikation einen protektiven Effekt auf die Nierenfunktion ausüben können. Für Nephrologen besonders interessant ist dabei der nephroprotektive Effekt, den die Inhibitoren des Natrium Glukose Kotransporters 2 (SGLT-2: „sodium glucose linked transporter 2“) wie Empagliflozin, Canagliflozin und Dapagliflozin ausüben, unabhängig von ihrem Einfluss auf den Blutzucker und wie wir seit der Studie DAPA-CKD wissen – sogar bei Patienten ohne Diabetes mellitus. Auch die modernen, nichtsteroidalen Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten wie Finerenon und Esaxerenon machten hinsichtlich ihrer Nephroprotektion auf sich aufmerksam, unabhängig von ihrer primären Indikation für die Therapie der Herzinsuffizienz und bisweilen der arteriellen Hypertonie. Ursächlich sind hierfür pharmakologische „Mehrfachwirkungen“, die pleiotrope Effekte genannt werden und einen vielschichten Eingriff in die (Patho-)Physiologie des Organismus ermöglichen. Die Therapie der arteriellen Hypertonie erfordert eine synergistische Kombination und stellt einen Angelpunkt in der kardiorenalen Achse dar. Deshalb sollen an diesem Beispiel die pleiotropen Effekte von SGLT-2-Inhibitoren, Mineralokortikoid-Rezeptor-Antagonisten und GLP-1-Agonisten (GLP-1: „glucagon-like peptide 1“) sowie deren klinische Implikationen beleuchtet werden.
Ernährung
Authors: Poschwatta-Rupp Sabine
Published: November 2021

Etwa 10–15 % der Weltbevölkerung leiden an einer chronischen Nierenerkrankung (CKD), die mit einem irreversiblen Verlust der Nierenfunktion einhergeht. Eine globale Metaanalyse brachte eine Prävalenz eines Protein-Energy Wasting (PEW) bei 11–54 % der prädialytischen CKD-Patienten (Stadium 3–5) hervor. In der Gruppe der dialysierten Patienten waren 28–54 % betroffen. Auch wenn die Spannweite der Prävalenzen aufgrund unterschiedlicher Bewertungskriterien der Studien sehr groß ist, kann eine steigende PEW-Prävalenz mit zunehmendem CKD-Stadium bestätigt werden 1.
1500 Euro Preisgeld
Authors: Schäfer Christian
Published: November 2021

Die Thieme Gruppe schreibt im Jahr 2022 wieder den Förderpreis Nephrologische Pflege aus und stiftet das Preisgeld von 1500 Euro.
Pros and Cons of Early and Very Early Surgery for Traumatic Central Cord Syndrome with Spinal Stenosis: Literature Review and Case Report
Authors: Hildebrandt Gerhard , Joswig Holger , Stienen Martin Nikolaus , Bratelj Denis
Published: November 2021

Background The case of a 69-year-old patient with an acute traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) with preexisting spinal stenosis raised a discussion over the question of conservative versus surgical treatment in the acute setting. We provide a literature overview on the management (conservative vs. surgical treatment) of ATCCS with preexisting spinal stenosis.

Methods We reviewed the literature concerning essential concepts for the management of ATCCS with spinal stenosis and cervical spinal cord injury. The data retrieved from these studies were applied to the potential management of an illustrative case report.

Results Not rarely has ATCCS an unpredictable neurologic course because of its dynamic character with secondary injury mechanisms within the cervical spinal cord in the early phase, the possibility of functional deterioration, and the appearance of a neuropathic pain syndrome during late follow-up. The result of the literature review favors early surgical treatment in ATCCS patients with preexisting cervical stenosis.

Conclusion Reluctance toward aggressive and timely surgical treatment of ATCCS should at least be questioned in patients with preexisting spinal stenosis.
Practice Patterns in the Acceptance of Medically Complex Living Kidney Donors with Obesity, Hypertension, Family History of Kidney Disease, or Donor-Recipient Age Discrepancy
Authors: Arabi Ziad , Bukhari Muhammad , Hamad Abdullah , Altheaby Abdulrahman , Kaysi Saleh
Published: November 2021

Background To assess the practice patterns of the acceptance of medically complex living kidney donors (MCLKDs).

Methods We distributed a survey to nephrologists and transplant surgeons (TS) across the world through major international transplant societies. The survey contained questions regarding obesity, abnormal blood glucose profile, mild hypertension, donor-recipient age discrepancy, or family history of kidney disease of unknown etiology.

Results In total, 239 respondents from 29 countries (42% were nephrologists and 58% were TS).

Most respondents would allow donations from obese donors, especially if they intended to lose weight but would be cautious if these donors had abnormal blood glucose or family history of diabetes mellitus. In hypertensive donors, future pregnancy plans mattered in decisions regarding the acceptance of female donors. Most respondents would allow young donors but would be more cautious if they had a future risk of hypertension or a family history of kidney disease of unknown etiology. They would also allow donations from an older person if prolonged waiting time was anticipated. We found multiple areas of consensus of practice among the diverse members of international transplant societies, with some interesting variations among nephrologists and TS.

Conclusions This survey highlights the practice patterns of the acceptance of MCLKDs among the international community. In the absence of clear guidelines, this survey provides additional information to counsel kidney donors with these conditions.
Assessment of Growth in Pediatric Syrian Refugee Populations in Jordan
Authors: Vakos Amanda , Khalil Nadia , Kumar Ambuj , Menezes Lynette , Ahson Minal
Published: November 2021

Background Externally displaced pediatric Syrian refugees are at risk of adverse developmental health outcomes in the setting of food insecurity. To evaluate the impact of displacement on nutritional status of Syrian children, this study describes the prevalence of malnutrition of Syrian children residing in Jordan.

Methods A retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from patient records < 18 years of age from the Syrian American Medical Society's (SAMS) January 2019 mission trip to Jordan was performed. Prevalence of stunting, severe wasting, wasting, overweight, and underweight were calculated using the World Health Organization (WHO) definitions.

Results Overall, 392 Syrian children were included. In the 0 to 59 months group (n = 191), prevalence of stunting was 13.9% (n = 165), severe wasting 4.2% (n = 165), wasting 6% (n = 165), overweight 16.4% (n = 165), and underweight 5.3% (n = 190). In the > 59 months group (n = 201), prevalence of stunting was 7.2% (n = 194), severe wasting 3.6% (n = 194), wasting 5.2% (n = 194), overweight 6.7% (n = 194), and underweight 4.6% (n = 153). Age group was significantly associated with stunting (odds ratio [OR]  = 2.08,9 5% CI 1.03 to 4.19) and overweight (OR = 2.72; 95% CI 1.36 to 5.47) with increased odds of each in the 0–59 months group.

Conclusion The findings suggest evidence of higher prevalence of malnutrition in Syrian children compared with prior assessments and greater impact on the younger cohort. In 0 to 59 months' old Syrian children, stunting and wasting were of medium severity and overweight was of high severity. This may reflect food insecurity in the setting of ongoing conflict, strain on resources, and evolving refugee policies, acknowledging study limitations. Syrian refugee children living in Jordan experience wasting and stunting. Comprehensive assessment of current nutritional status of Syrian children is needed. Access to adequate and nutritious food is paramount.
Dark Cartilage Lesions in the Knee: MRI Appearance and Clinical Significance
Authors: Knoth John Christopher , Long Jeremiah R. , Stensby James Derek
Published: November 2021

Early investigations into the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearance of articular cartilage imaging relied on assessment of the morphology, with subsequent investigators reporting identifying increased T2 signal intensity, bright signal, in degenerated cartilage. The cartilage “black line sign” is a finding that has recently been described in the radiology literature to characterize cartilage pathology. This sign refers to a focal linear hypointense signal within articular cartilage that is oriented perpendicular to the subchondral bone on T2-weighted MRI. The diagnostic significance and clinical relevance of this sign is debated. Since its first description, several papers have further delineated the etiology, prevalence, and clinical relevance of these and other dark cartilage abnormalities. The intent of this article is to summarize these findings, with hopes of bringing to light the importance of dark cartilage lesions and their clinical implication in the world of knee surgery. We will briefly discuss the most probable etiologies of dark cartilage abnormalities and the major factors determining the unique signal intensity. The described anatomical patterns of this finding, the clinical importance, potential mimics, and current treatment recommendations will be reviewed.
What is evidence as evidence is used? A case of dualism?
Authors: Fletcher Andrew Neil
Published: November 2021

How ‘evidence’ is conceptualised, generated and deployed in meso-level policy implementation on the ground is critical to health delivery. Using the case of a large-scale health service reconfiguration in northwest England, this study began as a narrative investigation into how different data types and sources are prioritised as NHS administrative structures change over time. During the research, one unpopular reconfiguration decision, the downgrading of a hospital, was challenged using judicial review. Suddenly, a key decision was being based not upon ‘facts and data’ type evidence but upon evidence of adherence to administrative procedure. This transferred focus away from the ever-shifting categories and hierarchies of data ‘types’ towards an emphasis on process. By comparing two deliberative contexts—committee and judicial review—this article proposes that evidence can be understood as simultaneously entity and process. As health service reconfigurations continue in response to austerity, integration agendas, evolving organisational landscapes, and demographic and political change, it is increasingly important to recognise the different meanings and uses of evidence.
Experimental investigation of friction behaviors for CrCoNi medium entropy alloy in reciprocating sliding
Authors: Zhang Siyuan , Liu Yanwei
Published: November 2021

Medium/high entropy alloys have some excellent properties, such as high strength, high plasticity, high toughness, high wear resistance, etc., which are better than those of traditional metal alloys. The mechanical properties of medium/high entropy alloys have always been the focus of academic research, but research on their interface mechanical behaviors is still missing. In this paper, we have designed a fretting friction and wear testing system, whose accuracy has been verified. A series of friction experiments have been carried out on the medium entropy alloy–steel friction pair. The friction responses have been investigated, and the factors affecting the friction coefficient have been revealed. Results show that the friction coefficient increases with the increase in the maximum horizontal displacement and decreases with the increase in the normal pressure. The sliding velocity and the normal load together affect the friction coefficient between the friction pairs. Compared with the commonly used titanium alloy and nickel alloy, the friction coefficient between the medium entropy alloy–steel friction pair is smaller during the fretting cycle process. Despite the experimental results, a theoretical model is also proposed to qualitatively explain the corresponding experimental phenomena. Our research sheds light on revealing the interfacial mechanical properties of the medium entropy alloy and provides a basis for tribological design and its internal mechanism.
Generation of whistler wave by parametric decay of lower hybrid wave in a complex plasma
Authors: Kumar Amit , Gupta Ruby , Sharma Jyotsna
Published: November 2021

The effect of fluctuations of dust grains on the parametric up conversion of lower hybrid waves into a whistler wave in a complex plasma is studied. In a complex plasma, which contains ambient magnetic field, the lower hybrid pump possessing a large amplitude decays into two modes: a whistler wave mode and a lower hybrid wave mode having low frequency. Furthermore, a ponderomotive force is exerted by the lower hybrid pump and whistler side bands on the existing electrons, which drives the lower hybrid decay mode. Furthermore, the coupling of v⃗1, the oscillatory velocity of low-frequency lower hybrid waves, along with the density perturbations, produces a nonlinear current, which drives the whistler mode. The growth rate Γ (sec−1) of lower hybrid waves scales linearly with the amplitude of the pump waves, and it increases as the amplitude of the lower hybrid pump waves increase. Moreover, the dust grain charges influence the instability appreciably. Our theoretically observed growth rate decreases with the increase in the relative density d=n0i/n0e of negatively charged dust grains, while it decreases with the size of dust grains a (μm). The growth rate varies inversely to the electron cyclotron frequency ωce, and it decreases as ωce increases. The results presented in the article are efficiently able to elaborate the basics of the whistler wave excitation in complex plasmas, space plasmas, processing in solid state plasmas, fusion plasmas, and laboratory plasmas as well as industrial plasmas.
Processing clitic pronouns outside coargumenthood
Authors: Brunetto Valentina
Published: November 2021

Online adult processing of English pronouns is subject to early structural constraints. However, if a sentence fails to provide a licit antecedent for a pronoun, ungrammatical antecedents may be fleetingly considered, causing processing disruption. This paper investigates whether illicit antecedents exert any interference in the processing of clitic pronouns. Given an established asymmetry between simple and Exceptional Case Marking predicates in the acquisition of binding Principle B (Baauw & Cuetos 2003), this study asks whether the notion of coargumenthood plays a role during the online processing of clitic pronouns by Italian-speaking adults. I report experimental evidence from a self-paced reading study suggesting that the time course of pronoun resolution is affected by coargumenthood. In Exceptional Case Marking predicates, comprehenders appear to temporarily consider a feature-matching local antecedent as soon as the clitic trace is processed in its thematic position.
The varieties of temporal anaphora and temporal coincidence
Authors: Demirdache Hamida
Published: November 2021

This paper explores the temporal construals of perfective vs. imperfective aspect in Sequence of Tense contexts in Spanish and French, in particular, under ellipsis. The distribution of past-shifted vs. simultaneous, as well as sloppy vs. strict, temporal construals is taken to support extending to viewpoint aspect a referential approach to tense, as Demirdache & Uribe-Etxebarria (2014) contend. I derive the distribution of simultaneous vs. past-shifted readings by extending their analysis of imperfective vs. perfective to embedded contexts. The intricate distribution of strict vs. sloppy (simultaneous, as well as past-shifted) readings is explained by extending the LF-parallelism constraint on ellipsis (Fox 2000) – specifically, the assumption that structural parallelism yields sloppy readings, while referential parallelism yields strict readings – to temporal anaphora under ellipsis.
The structure and interpretation of ‘non-matching’ split interrogatives in Spanish
Authors: Fernández-Soriano Olga
Published: November 2021

The goal of this paper is to analyze the properties of (a special type of) ‘split interrogative’ (SI) constructions in Spanish. SIs are wh-questions followed by a phrase that constitutes a possible answer, the ‘tag’. The overall structure is interpreted as a yes/no question (as in what did John bring, a book?). In standard cases, the tag matches the (case and thematic) features of the wh-element. Nevertheless, in (spoken Peninsular) Spanish what I will call ‘Non-matching Split Interrogatives’ (NMSI) are also possible. In these cases, the wh-element and the XP in the tag may not match; instead, it is the dummy (neuter) qué “what” that heads the wh-clause. I investigate these cases and propose a (biclausal) analysis involving an ellipsis process similar to the one taking place in fragments (Merchant 2004). To support this hypothesis, I focus on a the fact that: in NMSI there is a form-meaning mismatch that, to my knowledge, has gone unnoticed both in theoretical and descriptive studies.
Craindre (“fear”) and expletive negation in diachrony
Authors: Tahar Chloé
Published: November 2021

This paper investigates the distribution of expletive negation in the complement clause of craindre (“fear”) in French. Building on Anand & Hacquard’s (2013) proposal that fear verbs are hybrid attitude verbs, featuring both a doxastic and a (dis)preferential component, this paper argues that these two components are conveyed by different layers of meaning (in line with Giannakidou & Mari (2020)). More precisely, I argue that, in actual discourse context, craindre may receive two main interpretations: a volitive (dispreference-related) or a psychological (belief-related) interpretation, depending on whether the verb asserts or presupposes dispreference. Based on a diachronic corpus study of the distribution of expletive negation, I show that expletive negation, in the earliest stages of French, places semantic restrictions on the main verb, which are met when the interpretation of craindre is volitive.
Fission in Romance demonstrative-reinforcer constructions
Authors: Terenghi Silvia
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a new approach to Romance demonstrative-reinforcer constructions. The account is based on a binary valued feature system for deictic person and is embedded in the Distributed Morphology framework. Looking at data from Romance varieties, some (implicit) shortcomings of previous accounts are repaired via a morphological operation: Fission. Specifically, those accounts do not provide formal means to make sense of the deictic compatibility constraint between the demonstrative and its reinforcer, nor do they discuss categorisation issues relative to reinforcers. Via Fission, instead, a featural reason is given to ensure deictic compatibility, and I put forward a new approach to the category of reinforcers, aiming to overcome their problematic categorisation as DP-internal adverbs.
Into-causatives in World Englishes
Authors: Brunner Thomas
Published: November 2021

The paper analyses the frequency and use of the relatively rare, yet highly productive
into-causative construction in twenty varieties of English on the basis of the 1.9-billion word Corpus of
Web-based Global English (GloWbE; Davies 2013)1 and Schneider’s (2007) Dynamic Model. It hypothesises
differences in frequency, variation in the preference for particularly frequent fillers as well as productivity differences in
line with Schneider’s stages of linguistic evolution. However, it shows that only frequency differences reflect the Dynamic Model;
with regard to the preference for frequent realisations and productivity, postcolonial varieties turn out to be very similar to
British English. These results come as a surprise against the background of similar studies of the
way-construction, where all of these effects have been documented convincingly. It is argued that the properties
of into-causatives themselves (e.g. their idiomatic and semantic simplicity) might contribute to their more
native-like usage patterns in postcolonial varieties of English.
A View from the Heart of Europe
Authors: Mariani Giorgio
Published: November 2021

There are at least three ways of understanding “criticism”: 1) as literary scholarship; 2) as teaching; 3) as a way of engaging the general reading public regarding the significance of literary and cultural matters. Every country has developed its own traditions in each of these three areas. This brief essay focuses on the Italian case, arguing that teachers of American literature need to make the most of their role as cultural mediators and translators, as in the formative years of Italian American Studies. The influence of the corporate model on the Italian public university, along with other factors, has made relations between literary scholars’ and the nonacademic public sphere tenuous. Unless the democratic political ethos that presided over the birth of the discipline is rediscovered, the future for Italian “American literary criticism”—in all the three articulations mentioned above—will be rather bleak.
Recent divergence in functional traits affects rates of speciation in the Neotropical Velloziaceae (Pandanales)
Authors: De Freitas Larocca Paula , Saldanha Mancio Jessica , Padilha Patricia , Mello-Silva Renato , Alcantara Suzana
Published: November 2021

The resurrection plant family Velloziaceae are an iconic element in the Brazilian campos rupestres, where Barbacenia and Vellozia have undergone episodes of explosive species accumulation. Here we focus on the patterns of evolution of growth forms, dry-season physiological strategies and morphofunctional divergence to untangle these radiations. The timings of marked ‘disparification’ (evolution of trait disparity throughout a clade) in both genera were uncoupled from the shifts towards increased diversification rates, with the former accumulating during the Plio-Pleistocene (< 5 Mya). Except for growth forms in Vellozia, the traits analysed display convergent evolution in both genera. Morphofunctional diversity is lower in Barbacenia than in Vellozia, reflecting a young radiation occurring mostly in the southern Espinhaço Province. Growth-form divergence in Vellozia coincided with the Oligocene/Miocene burst in diversification, followed by a slowdown in rate. Moreover, the recent morphofunctional disparification indicates pulses of trait divergence within a mature radiation. Both growth form and divergence in functional traits affect diversification rates in the genera, with the growth forms displaying fastest diversification usually associated with mountain radiations.
The Twisted Satake Transform and the Casselman–Shalika Formula for Quasi-Split Groups
Authors: Gurevich Nadya , Karasiewicz Edmund
Published: November 2021

We prove the Casselman–Shalika formula for unramified groups over a non-archimedean local field by studying the action of the spherical Hecke algebra on the space of compact spherical Whittaker functions via the twisted Satake transform. This method provides a conceptual explanation of the appearance of characters of a dual group in the Casselman–Shalika formula.
Latino Health Access
Authors: Slater Allison , Cantero Patricia J. , Alvarez Guillermo , Cervantes Brett S. , Bracho America , Billimek John
Published: November 2021

Community-initiated health interventions fill important gaps in access to health services. This study examines the effectiveness of a community-initiated health intervention to improve diabetes management in an underserved community of color using a retrospective observational study, comparing a study intervention, the Latino Health Access Diabetes Self-Management Program (LHA-DSMP), with usual care. The LHA-DSMP is a 12-session community health worker (promotor/a) intervention developed and implemented by a community-based organization in a medically underserved area. Usual care was delivered at a federally qualified health center in the same geographic area. Participants were 688 predominantly Spanish-speaking Latinx adults with type 2 diabetes. The main outcome was change in glycemic control (glycosylated hemoglobin [HbA1c]) from baseline to follow-up. At 14-week follow-up, mean (95% CI) HbA1c decrease was −1.1 (−1.3 to −0.9; P < .001) in the LHA-DSMP cohort compared with −0.3 (−0.4 to −0.2; P < .001) in the comparison cohort. Controlling for baseline differences between cohorts, the adjusted difference-in-differences value in HbA1c was −0.6 (−0.8 to −0.3; P < .001) favoring the LHA-DSMP. A community-initiated promotor/a-led educational program for diabetes self-management is associated with clinically significant improvement in blood sugar control, superior to what was observed with usual medical care.
The prevalence of personality disorder in mental state disorder
Authors: Newton-Howes Giles , Austin Sara , Foulds James
Published: November 2021

Purpose of review

This review examines the prevalence of personality disorder in those with mental state disorder. Some challenges disentangling these psychopathologies are delineated and advances in understanding broadly are reviewed.

Recent findings

Recent taxonomic changes to a dimensionally based classification system in the ICD-11 and DSM of mental disorders-V's alternative model of personality disorder include requiring cut offs to examine clinical outcomes akin to those in hypertension. These new criteria affect personality disorder prevalence where it is comorbid with mental state disorder, although more robust the dimensional approach complicates understanding both theoretically and practically. Such issues include: deciding the cut off for ‘pathology’, understanding if psychopathology is related to mental state disorder, personality disorder or both, and consideration of the clinical value of comorbidity.

There is overlap between personality pathology and all types of mental state disorder. However, the shift to a dimensional framework of personality pathology means new methods to define and measure this comorbidity are needed. Dimensional conceptualisation of personality pathology challenges the underlying ontology of comorbidity in this area.
Evaluation of whole-genome sequencing-based subtyping methods for the surveillance of Shigella spp. and the confounding effect of mobile genetic elements in long-term outbreaks
Authors: Bernaquez Isabelle , Gaudreau Christiane , Pilon Pierre A. , Bekal Sadjia
Published: November 2021

Many public health laboratories across the world have implemented whole-genome sequencing (WGS) for the surveillance and outbreak detection of foodborne pathogens. PulseNet-affiliated laboratories have determined that most single-strain foodborne outbreaks are contained within 0–10 multi-locus sequence typing (MLST)-based allele differences and/or core genome single-nucleotide variants (SNVs). In addition to being a food- and travel-associated outbreak pathogen, most

Shigella

spp. cases occur through continuous person-to-person transmission, predominantly involving men who have sex with men (MSM), leading to long-term and recurrent outbreaks. Continuous transmission patterns coupled to genetic evolution under antibiotic treatment pressure require an assessment of existing WGS-based subtyping methods and interpretation criteria for cluster inclusion/exclusion. An evaluation of 4 WGS-based subtyping methods [SNVPhyl, coreMLST, core genome MLST (cgMLST) and whole-genome MLST (wgMLST)] was performed on 9 foodborne-, travel- and MSM-related retrospective outbreaks from a collection of 91

Shigella flexneri

and 232 

Shigella sonnei

isolates to determine the methods’ epidemiological concordance, discriminatory power, robustness and ability to generate stable interpretation criteria. The discriminatory powers were ranked as follows: coreMLST<SNVPhyl<cgMLST<wgMLST (range: 0.970–1.000). The genetic differences observed for non-MSM-related

Shigella

spp. outbreaks respect the standard 0–10 allele/SNV guideline; however, mobile genetic element (MGE)-encoded loci caused inflated genetic variation and discrepant phylogenies for prolonged MSM-related

S. sonnei

outbreaks via wgMLST. The

S. sonnei

correlation coefficients of wgMLST were also the lowest at 0.680, 0.703 and 0.712 for SNVPhyl, coreMLST and cgMLST, respectively. Plasmid maintenance, mobilization and conjugation-associated genes were found to be the main source of genetic distance inflation in addition to prophage-related genes. Duplicated alleles arising from the repeated nature of IS elements were also responsible for many false cg/wgMLST differences. The coreMLST approach was shown to be the most robust, followed by SNVPhyl and wgMLST for inter-laboratory comparability. Our results highlight the need for validating species-specific subtyping methods based on microbial genome plasticity and outbreak dynamics in addition to the importance of filtering confounding MGEs for cluster detection.
Cell cycle difference creates cortical tension difference that separates germ layer fates
Authors: Takatori Naohito , Tachiki Yuuya
Published: November 2021

The segregation of germ layer fates is a fundamental step for embryogenesis, but the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. In ascidians, mRNA localization coupled to nuclear migration and subsequent asymmetrical partitioning of the mRNA separates mesodermal and endodermal fates. The lack of quantitative characterization of nuclear and mRNA localization has hindered our understanding of the molecular basis of fate separation. Here, we quantitatively examined the movement of the nucleus and changes in cell shape and found that the nucleus moves to the mesodermal cell side across the region of the future cleavage furrow. However, this migration was not decisive for the asymmetric distribution of Not mRNA. Asymmetry of surface tension, caused by cell cycle difference between animal and vegetal hemisphere cells, deformed the mesendoderm cell and determined the position of the cleavage furrow, thereby ensuring the asymmetric partitioning of Not mRNA and segregation of fates. This study demonstrates how cell cycle control and the physical force relationships between cells are involved in the segregation of developmental fates.