bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Type studies of Rossbeevera bispora, and a new species of Rossbeevera from south China
Authors: Hosen Md. Iqbal , Zhong Xiang-Jing , Gates Genevieve , Orihara Takamichi , Li Tai-Hui
Published: April 2019

The type of Rossbeeverabispora and additional collections from the type location and adjacent areas were studied. Molecular data for R.bispora derived from the new collections are provided. In addition, R.griseobrunnea, a new species of Rossbeevera, is described from Xiangtoushan National Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province of China. The new species is characterized by its globose to subglobose sequestrate basidiomata with grayish white to grayish brown pileus, pale bluish discoloration in some parts of the hymenophore when injured becoming rusty brown to dark brown after being exposed to the air, fusoid (star-shaped in cross section) basidiospores 17–20 × 9–12 μm, and subcutis elements in the pileus. Based on multi-locus (ITS+nrLSU+tef1-α+rpb2) molecular phylogenetic analyses, both species appear as sister to R.paracyanea. We present color photos, macro- and micro-description, SEM basidiospores, molecular affinities of the species and compare them with morphologically similar taxa within the genus. A key to the species known from northern and southern hemispheres is provided.
A new soil centipede from South-East Asia with a unique arrangement of ventral glands, and a revised synopsis of Gonibregmatidae (Chilopoda, Geophilomorpha)
Authors: Tran Binh Thi Thanh , Tran Hoa Thi Xuan , Bonato Lucio
Published: April 2019

A new gonibregmatid centipede,Vinaphilusunicusgen. n.,sp. n., is described based on two females from a single location in northern Vietnam. The new genus and species are distinguished mainly by the arrangement of the ventral pore-fields, which is unique among all Chilopoda. A critically revised synopsis of the Gonibregmatidae is also given. In particular, three species are provisionally recognized inHimatosomaPocock, 1891:H.bidivisumSilvestri, 1919,H.porosumPocock, 1891 (=H.typicumtridivisumSilvestri, 1919,syn. n.), andH.typicumPocock, 1891. The generaDschangelophilusVerhoeff, 1937 andTweediphilusVerhoeff, 1937, with their speciesD.coloratusVerhoeff, 1937 andT.malaccanusVerhoeff, 1937, are moved to the Gonibregmatidae, whereasGeoporophilusaporusAttems, 1930 is moved to the Oryidae asOrphnaeusaporus(Attems, 1930),comb. n.
ASSESSMENT OF THE ACCURACY OF THREE TECHNIQUES TO PREDICT LEG LENGTH DISCREPANCY
Authors: Smith David J , Zindrick Michael R , Lambert Ross W , Millar Edward A
Published: April 2019

ABSTRACT: Three techniques to predict leg length discrepancy were applied to a series of 50 patients with leg length inequality. The methods of Green and Anderson, the Moseley Chart, and a program written by the authors, designed to be run on a relatively inexpensive programmable calculator, were used.

The data processed on the calculator produced slightly more accurate results than the Moseley Chart, though not statistically significant. The Green and Anderson technique resulted in the largest errors.
Biomechanical Analysis of Subclinical Keratoconus With Normal Topographic, Topometric, and Tomographic Findings
Authors: Koc Mustafa , Aydemir Emre , Tekin Kemal , Inanc Merve , Kosekahya Pinar , Kiziltoprak Hasan
Published: April 2019

PURPOSE:

To investigate the corneal biomechanical responses of subclinical keratoconus with normal topographic, topometric, and tomographic findings.

METHODS:

In this prospective observational study, the study group was selected from patients with clinically evident keratoconus in one eye and subclinical keratoconus with normal topographic, topometric, and tomographic findings in the fellow eye. The control group was selected from candidates for contact lens use. The biomechanical analyses were performed using the Corvis ST (Oculus Optikgeräte, Wetzlar, Germany). The following parameters were analyzed: A1 velocity, A2 velocity, A1 length, A2 length, deformation amplitude ratio, stiffness parameter at the first applanation, Corvis Biomechanical Index, and Tomographic and Biomechanical Index (TBI).

RESULTS:

The study group consisted of 21 patients (10 men and 11 women; mean age: 27.7 ± 6.9 years), and the control group consisted of 35 patients (17 men and 18 women; mean age: 26.1 ± 5.8 years). No significant differences were found between the eyes with subclinical keratoconus and normal eyes in corrected distance visual acuity and the topographic, topometric, and tomographic parameters (
P
> .05). Significant differences were found in the values of A2 length, A1 velocity, A2 velocity, and TBI between the subclinical keratoconus group and the control group (
P
< .05). In distinguishing eyes with subclinical keratoconus from normal eyes, the TBI showed the highest area under the curve (0.790; cut-off: 0.29; sensitivity: 67%; specificity: 86%) in the receiver operating characteristic analysis.

CONCLUSIONS:

Biomechanical analysis with the Corvis ST may be used as a complementary diagnostic method in detecting subclinical keratoconus.

[
J Refract Surg
. 2019;35(4):247–252.]
Cd2+ + Cr6+ causes toxic effects on chromosomal development of microspore in Carthamus tinctorius
Authors: Mittal Neha , Srivastava Anand Kumar
Published: April 2019

Intra-category hybrids of Carthamus tinctorius were analyzed for the genetic toxicity in detail for effect of Cd2+ + Cr6+ on reproductive biology of Carthamus tinctorius. Five partially tolerant and five non-tolerant accessions of Carthamus tinctorius after screening were crossed to produce intra-category hybrid. These two heavy metals in combination influenced antagonistically first as well as second meiotic divisions inducing various kinds of anomalies and reduced the number of pollen grains per anther and significantly increased pollen sterility. A differential response for the amount of meiotic irregularity was recorded between different treated sets of hybrids in (Cd + Cr) treated sets. This could be due to differential response of the genotypes for the same concentration of (Cd + Cr). These two heavy metals in combination reduced the number of pollen grains per anther and significantly increased pollen sterility.
Design and Assessment of Using Smartphone Application in the Classroom to Improve Students’ Learning
Authors: Kadry Seifedine , Ghazal Bilal
Published: April 2019

Teachers are always frustrated with students and their use of cell phones during classroom. Texting, tweeting, and snap chatting during in class are an incredible distraction, resulting in a difficult teaching environment. In this paper, we pro-pose an innovative approach to encourage students to use effectively their smartphone in classroom. The main idea behind this is to develop an easy and friendly application related to the course that may be accompanied by the used textbook. The proposed application can be adapted easily to any textbook, where no coding is required.
Mixing Educational Robotics, Tangibles and Mixed Reality Environments for the Interdisciplinary Learning of Geography and History
Authors: Xefteris Stefanos , Palaigeorgiou George
Published: April 2019

In the present study we present a mixed reality learning environment that aims to become a creative, joyful and efficient interdisciplinary canvas for learning about history and geography and for concurrently fostering computational thinking. The environment makes use of embodied affordances and educational robotics and consists of two parts: an augmented 3D-tangible model of southern Europe with finger-based interaction and a second floor-based augmented robotics track de-picting European landmarks, where students are asked to perform tasks with Mindstorms EV3 robots. The game scenario describes a treasure hunt around Eu-rope and students swap between finger-based and robotics-based interactive sur-faces in two pairs. For the evaluation of our intervention, six groups of four stu-dents played with the environment for approximately 45 minutes each. Data col-lection was performed through pre- and post-knowledge test, attitude question-naire and a semi-formal group interview. Students’ answers showed that the mixed reality environment improved their engagement and motivation and en-hanced their orientation around Europe’s geophysical features. The robotics as-pect consolidated further their computational thinking skills while being highly exciting. The proposed approach was closer to the student’s expectations and in-teractive experiences, successfully exploited embodied learning opportunities and gamified the learning process.
Energy Consumption Balanced Topology Variable Routing Algorithm for WWSN in Disaster Rescue Scenarios
Authors: Zhang Lincong , Chen Xueyi , Wei Kefeng , Zhang Wenbo , Feng Yongxin
Published: April 2019

In recent years, the Wearable Wireless Sensor Network (WWSN) has become one of the most popular networks used in disaster and emergency scenarios. We propose a routing algorithm named Energy Consumption Balanced Topology Variable (ECB-TV) on the body of users in WWSN. In the ECB-TV algorithm, network topology can be variable according to the change of network state. A multi-hop topology is used in normal situation and the network will switch to single-hop topology at once when an abnormal event happens. We also design a novel multi-hop routing algorithm for multi-hop topology where we select the node with the highest energy balance factor as next hop node. Energy balance factor is innovatively designed by simultaneously taking into account both energy consumption of transmitting and receiving nodes, which can balance the energy consumption of sensor nodes well. The simulation results show that the proposed ECB-TV algorithm has better performance in terms of lifetime in normal situations and delay in abnormal situations.
A Novel Model of Data Storage Service in the Architecture Cloud Storage
Authors: Taha Hatem , Aknin Noura , El kadiri Kamal Eddin
Published: April 2019

Cloud storage is the lower layer of the cloud computing system that supports other layers above it. Up to now the likes of Google, Microsoft, IBM, Amazon have been providing cloud storage services. Since it’s efficient way to store and manage important data, the offer of free storage attracts researchers. As a result, cloud storage research will not only track trends, but will also have high application value. Therefore, this paper, introduces a novel model of data storage and backup in cloud storage, that optimally combines customer storage resources with service providers, so that redundancy, storage strategy and configuration properties can be adjusted adequately to the needs of the storage service consumer. In this paper, we review two of the backup technologies (Snapshot and D2D), that are used in this model. And the first contribution is bound to both determining consumer requirements and choosing the provider. Next— life cycle and phases of preparation model for data storage services. Furthermore, we present place and form of the model in cloud storage architecture. The model aims to increase the availability of data and reduces the loss of data in storage environments.
Personal Health Care System Using IOT
Authors: Elaydi Hatem A
Published: April 2019

Designing a device to manage the medical doses for elderly people is essential in terms of the patient safety and well-being. The device is created in order to regulate medication schedules and deliver doses of medication according to a prescribed time and dose by alerting patients of the scheduled dose through communication means such as mobile phones. The device utilizes mobile technology and communication such as Android and Wi-Fi. This device consists of six basic elements: Arduino Uno board, ESP8266 Wi-Fi module that connects the phone with the device, RTC module (Real Time Clock), GSM module for alarming when the time of medication is reached, Drivers for motors to release the prescribed doses of the medication and Smartphone for control purposes. The device was built and tested and showed promise to be used for serving the local community.
TCP FIN Flood Attack Pattern Recognition on Internet of Things with Rule Based Signature Analysis
Authors: Stiawan Deris , Wahyudi Dimas , Heryanto Ahmad , Samsuryadi Samsuryadi , Idris Mohd. Yazid , Muchtar Farkhana , Abdullah Alzahrani Mohammed , Budiarto Rahmat
Published: April 2019

Focus of this research is TCP FIN flood attack pattern recognition in Internet of Things (IoT) network using rule based signature analysis method. Dataset is taken based on three scenario normal, attack and normal-attack. The process of identification and recognition of TCP FIN flood attack pattern is done based on observation and analysis of packet attribute from raw data (pcap) using a feature extraction and feature selection method. Further testing was conducted using snort as an IDS. The results of the confusion matrix detection rate evaluation against the snort as IDS show the average percentage of the precision level.
The Use of Cloud-Computing to Promote Collaborative Learning in Higher Education
Authors: Martin Melissa S. , Hugues Rachel E. , Puliatte Alison
Published: April 2019

Generation Z students are inherently different than previous generations. These students may need adapted forms of instruction in order to match their learning styles. Collaborative learning can be adapted using cloud-computing, which helps students work together online and manage their interactions. These students may benefit from a technological twist to a common instructional strategy and are inclined to use online means of communication to complete coursework. Technology has dominated the educational experiences of these students and they are no strangers to collaborative work through e-learning platforms. Higher education institutions and instructors must develop the format of courses in order to meet the technological learning preferences of Generation Z.
Promoting the Representation of Historically Disadvantaged Students
Authors: Karkouti Ibrahim M. , Abu Rabia Hazza
Published: April 2019

This chapter highlights the importance of diversity, provides an overview of the historical plight that minorities suffered during the formation of the American history, describes the policies that aim at expanding educational opportunities for socially and economically disadvantaged groups, and presents a conceptual framework that guides educational leaders towards creating inclusive campuses. Also, it reports the findings of an empirical investigation that elicited minority students' views regarding the factors that enhance their persistence. Findings from this study could be of primary importance for university administrators and policymakers trying to enhance diversity on campus. The chapter ends with conclusions and recommendations for research and future practice.
New Tools for Cyber Security Using Blockchain Technology and Avatar-Based Management Technique
Authors: Mkrttchian Vardan , Gamidullaeva Leyla Ayvarovna , Vertakova Yulia , Panasenko Svetlana
Published: April 2019

The chapter introduces the perspectives on the use of avatar-based management techniques for designing new tools to improve blockchain as technology for cyber security issues. The purpose of this chapter was to develop an avatar-based closed model with strong empirical grounding that provides a uniform platform to address issues in different areas of digital economy and creating new tools to improve blockchain technology using the intelligent visualization techniques. The authors show the essence, dignity, current state, and development prospects of avatar-based management using blockchain technology for improving implementation of economic solutions in the digital economy of Russia.
Technology Acceptance Model-Based Website Evaluation of Service Industry
Authors: Dinçer Hasan , Yüksel Serhat , Pınarbaşı Fatih
Published: April 2019

The aim of this chapter is to evaluate the website of Turkish companies in service industry which are listed in İstanbul Stock Exchange. Within this framework, two different dimensions are identified by considering technology acceptance model. On the other side, six different criteria are also defined based on SERVQUAL method. Fuzzy DEMATEL method is used to weight dimensions and criteria. Moreover, fuzzy VIKOR and fuzzy TOPSIS approaches are considered to rank the service companies according to the website overall performance. The findings show that being user friendly is the most significant criterion with respect to the website effectiveness. Another important result is that banks are on the first rank for this aspect whereas telecommunication companies have the lowest performance. Therefore, it is recommended that telecommunication companies should firstly focus on improving the factors that make the use of website very easily for the investors. This situation attracts the attention of these investors and it has a positive influence on the financial performance of these companies.
Popular Culture and Peer Effects in Consumption
Authors: Tezcan Unay Tamgac
Published: April 2019

People are not living in isolation and they are largely affected by the people around themselves. People's consumption decisions are also influenced by the decisions and actions of their peers, what is called “consumption peer effects.” In the last decades there have been two major changes in the social and economic life that has affected masses: the internet revolution and the rise in inequality. Consequently, peer effects have become more important in consumption decisions and so has been its aggregate impact. This chapter provides a survey on consumption peer effects and its economic consequences by relying on recent empirical findings. It starts with a discussion on peer effects and conspicuous consumption, why and how comparisons are made, and how culture affects peer effects. Following is a discussion on the recent changes in the popular culture, their effect on peer effects and the resulting consequences. The chapter concludes with some policy recommendations.
“The Modern Daily Life” in Turkey in the 1950s in Popular Play Scripts of the State Theater
Authors: Akar Başak
Published: April 2019

The aim of this chapter is to examine how modern daily life is imagined and transmitted to the audience by the products of the popular culture in the 1950s through the repertory of the state theater and how this reflects the tendencies of the time. This study is based on the argument that the imagination of the modern daily life in the 1950s is not a simple continuation of the early republican period's way of defining the modern daily life on the basis of public life solely. Modern daily life in the 1950s is set both on the public life and the private life. Also, it relies on the adversity of the lifestyle, religion, emancipation, and universalism and civilization in the context of public life, complemented by the corruption of the family, the changing role of the man and the changing role of the woman.
Popular Culture and Iconology
Authors: Aslan Pınar
Published: April 2019

This chapter intends to take a look at the concept of iconology with a focus on how it evolved into today's iconicity within the framework of cultural studies, media studies, and women's studies. The relation of icons to popularity and popular culture is paid special attention since icons are the best symbols of the zeitgeist of the era they belong to. The main theory of the literature study is taken from art history, that is Erwin Panofsky's study of iconology, and it is implemented into popular culture which can be summarized as a process of reading contemporary icons as works of art.
A Film Analysis Related to Globalization and Capitalist Consumer Culture and Its Reflections on Advertising Industry
Authors: Ozgen Ozlen , Elmasoglu Kamile
Published: April 2019

In this chapter, the changes in consumer culture and advertising industry are analyzed within the frame of globalization and capitalism through a French film 99 Francs, released in 2007. In the first section of this study the headlines of globalization and capitalist network, the effect of globalization on the consumer, advertisement and advertising industry, and the functions of advertising agencies as the head actors in advertising industry are dealt with. In the second phase of the study, the French film called 99 Francs is semiologically analyzed. Within this context, firstly general information and formal expression of the film; secondly, inspired by Barthes' semiological approach, an analysis on “denotation and connotation” is addressed. Human, object, and setting images in the film are handled in accordance with the progress in the field of consumer culture and advertisement in the globalization period. Consequently, the advertisement industry has an effective long-term role on providing a circulation of mass consumers.
Consumption in the Digital Age
Authors: Turanci Eda
Published: April 2019

In today's world, the digital environment has an influence on consumers' lives, in terms of attitudes, preferences, habits, likes and dislikes, and purchasing practices. It is also observed that throughout history, a variety of professionals have been utilized to influence the public. To the group of individuals who lead as celebrities, role models, or opinion leaders in the digital age, “influencers” have been added in. This chapter aims to examine the relationship between influencers and consumption. As a result of the research, it was revealed that most of the shares/posts had the name of a brand or product, tagged brand, or used related hashtags to direct followers to consumption. The findings also show that despite the use of a large number of brand names, a very small number of these posts have the emphasis of sponsorship, advertising, or cooperation. Finally, it was also found that despite the high number of followers, the interaction rate is very low.
The Diffusion of Mobile Telephony in Popular Culture
Authors: Adikpo Janet Aver
Published: April 2019

For a long time, popular culture has assumed a central place in the debate on media content and consumption. Popular culture invades the lives of people and influences the attitudes and consumption patterns. With the changing dynamics of society, individuals experience overwhelming impact of messages in form of images, texts, and sounds. Therefore, common cultures with massive appeal are cultivated and become popular, irrespective of style. This chapter on the diffusion of mobile telephony popular culture is built on existing knowledge to draw a background on mobile telephony. Related literature explained the global emergence of mobile technology and established that mobile telephones have diffused in popular culture. While considering the shortfalls and scholarship, the study concluded that technological innovations have contributed to the popularity of mobile phones, and in the same way, the consumption needs of people have made the practices a popular trend.
Popular Culture Discourse and Representation of the Organizations' Dark Side
Authors: Tuzlukaya Sule Erdem
Published: April 2019

This chapter attempts to investigate how mainstream popular cinema creates and represents the dark side of organizational life. By integrating popular culture and organizational studies, it deconstructs the dark side of organizations and using a number of films that on the working life of societies and suggests that such an examination makes room for complex inquiries regarding the idea of this hidden aspect of organizations.
Art and Brand Contamination
Authors: Massi Marta , Piancatelli Chiara , Pancheri Sonia
Published: April 2019

Albeit often perceived as two worlds apart, low culture and high culture are increasingly converging to collaborate in mutually advantageous ways. Brands—including the name, term, sign, symbol, or combination of them that identify the goods and services of a seller or group of sellers, and differentiate them from those of the competitors—are the new territory where high culture and low culture co-exist and collaborate, creating new possibilities of cross-fertilization and hybridization between the two. Through the analysis of successful examples coming from different industries, this chapter aims to highlight how brands have blurred the distinction between low culture and high culture. On the one hand, brands can use the heritage of the arts world to gain authenticity and legitimate themselves in the eyes of consumers and the society. On the other hand, artists and arts organizations, such as museums and other art institutions, can indulge in popular culture in order to become appealing to younger target markets and enhance their brand awareness and image.
The Concept of Power in the Nigerian Religious Discourse
Authors: Endong Floribert Patrick C. , Essoh Eugenie Grace
Published: April 2019

Nigeria-based Christian bodies have over the years politically acclimatized, secularizing and commoditizing their activities and discourse. This is reflected in their communications which most often tap into controversial sources such as politics and power. In effect, the two phenomena of politics and power today represent dominant themes and forms of baits in religious persuasive communications. A case in point is the Christian advertising discourse that, in many complex ways, often deploys the concept of power, sometimes with political undertones. Using semiotics and the content analysis of a corpus of over 500 advertising copies generated by 50 different charismatic churches based in four South-Eastern Nigerian cities, this chapter critically examines the various ways in which the concept of (socio-political) power is used in advertising messages designed by Nigerian Christian organizations. The study also examines how this concept of power is used outside the spiritual realm in a bid to promise various forms of political and economic prosperity to gullible Nigerian masses.
Social Media
Authors: Talaue Gilbert Macalanda , Al-Saad Ali , Al-Rushaidan Naif , Al-Hugail Alwaleed , Al-Fahhad Saad
Published: April 2019

The aim of this article is to assess the impact of social media on the lives of selected college students. In this article, the authors raised the actual impact of daily communication on youth in social media. A descriptive research design was utilized to gain accurate profile of situation. Sixty business administration and management information system students who are actively using social media are the respondents of the study. It was conducted during the summer semester of academic year 2017-2018. Summing-up, social media becomes an integral part of the students' life and took up most of their free time. Undoubtedly, in social media, there are also things useful for the development of the students such as communication with peers through social media can help a student socialize, find new friends, discuss with them issues related to studies. Thus, it can be concluded that social media have a dual impact on student's life, positive and negative. It is necessary to approach youth's use of social media with ultimate responsibility.
Ownership Structure and Firms' Performance in the Period of Crisis. Evidence From the Listed Food and Beverage Firms in the Athens Stock Exchange
Authors: Kalantonis Petros , Panagiotakopoulou Konstantina , Mitoula Roido
Published: April 2019

Ownership structure is a crucial determinant factor of the corporate governance measurement and has been associated, in prior studies, with the profitability of firms. The current study investigates the effect of ownership structure on the firm's performance in the period of financial crisis. The authors focus on the food and beverage (F&B) industry since this sector has been affected less than others by the economic recession. Exploring the listed F&B beverage in the Athens Stock Exchange for seven years during the crisis period in Greece, the authors have found evidence for the effect of ownership structure on firm performance as it has been reflected in the accounting and financial market indicators. The findings for the relation between ownership structure and firms' performance, measured with accounting indices, are different from those in which the performance has been measured with market indices.
Sociotechnical Factors in the Endorsement of Governmental E-Transactions
Authors: Abunadi Ibrahim , Alqahtani Fayez Hussain
Published: April 2019

The success of governmental e-transactions in developing countries is due to the effective utilization of information communication technology. The current literature reports that e-transactions can meet with citizen reluctance. Due to its nature as a sociotechnical system, this article investigates the role of sociotechnical factors in the endorsement of e-transactions. Quantitative research was conducted to analyze online data from 663 participants from a population of 80,000 online users. Structural equation modelling was also performed to examine the association between sociotechnical factors and the acceptance of e-transactions. The results suggest that sociotechnical factors influence the usage of e-transactions. Thus, a theoretical sociotechnical model was developed which includes three levels: technical, organizational and social. A number of design and implementation activities, related to the three theorized levels, were suggested to guide governments in increasing the acceptance of e-transactions.
Examining the Effect of Positive Online Reviews on Consumers' Decision Making
Authors: Xiao Lin , Li Yuan
Published: April 2019

Online reviews play an important role in consumers' decision making. However, limited studies have been conducted to understand the effects of online reviews on consumers' behavior. Drawing upon the Elaboration Likelihood Model and the valence framework, a research model was developed to investigate the perceived benefits and potential risks brought by positive online reviews. The moderating effect of review skepticism was also examined. Data were collected through on online survey based on consumers' perceptions of the positive reviews from restaurants and food businesses and analyzed with partial least squares. The results indicated that argument quality and source credibility influence information usefulness, which further influences consumers' behavioral intentions. The influence of positive online reviews on perceived risk differs between high and low skepticism consumers. This research offers a more in-depth understanding of consumer information processing in an online context and benefits practitioners by allowing them to better understand consumers.
Recent Progress on QoS Scheduling for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks
Authors: Kanellopoulos Dimitris N.
Published: April 2019

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) use algorithms that schedule transmissions in a fair and efficient manner. A multihop scheduler schedules transmissions so that the channel utilization is maximized while guaranteeing the quality of service (QoS) for all nodes. QoS-based scheduling in MANETs must be obtained under time-critical conditions as these networks have several features that produce unique queuing dynamics. Schedulers in MANETs take into account various QoS parameters such as end-to-end packet delay, packet delivery ratio, flow priority, etc. Also, scheduling in MANETs takes many forms such as distributed priority, fair, opportunistic, etc. This article provides a survey of scheduling techniques for MANETs and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of each category.
Copper Layer Elaborated by Using Different Electrochemical Methods on ITO/Glass Substrate
Authors: Khaniche Brahim
Published: April 2019

In this work, the reaction and nucleation mechanisms of the electrochemical deposition of copper on an indium-doped tin oxide (ITO) conductive glass substrate in a sulfate solution were characterized respectively by electrochemical methods Such as: cyclic voltammetry and chronoamperometry.The transients (current-time) obtained were analyzed by the model of Scharifker and Hills. The deposited copper layer can be described by a model involving instantaneous nucleation at active sites and diffusion controlled 3D growth. The values of the diffusion coefficient D for the Cu2 + ions are also calculated. Electrochemical techniques were followed by morphological characterizations with atomic force microscopy (AFM).All experiments were carried out in an acid solution at pH 4.
Impact Resistance and Shore Hardness of Barkcloth Reinforced Epoxy Composites for Interior Automotive Panels
Authors: Rwahwire Samson , Musinguzi Wilson Babu
Published: April 2019

The global impact of the consequences of climate change due to an increase in Green House Gas (GHG) emissions are visible. With the implementation of EU directives on waste and end of life disposal strategies, there has been a surge of activity driven by the European automotive industry to introduce Natural Fiber Composites as a substitute to synthetic composites, where appropriate. This paper therefore reports the impact and shore hardness of composites reinforced with a naturally occurring non-woven fabric barkcloth. The composites were produced using a layering architecture; the impact properties show that samples with layering sequence I and IV had the best sequence for the impact properties. The shore hardness of the composites was 72 which is presentable. This further confirms the potential of barkcloth reinforced composites for interior automotive panels.
Persistent bradycardia after hypoglycaemia: a case report and a brief literature review
Authors: Gasperini Beatrice , Lamanna Pierpaolo , Serra Rocco , Montanari Roberto , Cherubini Antonio , Espinosa Emma
Published: April 2019

Hypoglycaemia can cause cardiac arrhythmias such as QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmias. Supraventricular arrhythmias and sinus bradycardia were rarely reported. We present the clinical case of an 84- year-old man who developed a persistent bradycardia after a hypoglycaemic episode. After restoration of normoglycaemia, bradycardia persisted for almost eighteen hours, without QT prolongation or any symptoms. Hypoglycaemia is an unusual cause of bradyarrhytmias mainly mediated by neurologic and endocrine systems. Our clinical case supports recent recommendations for more relaxed inpatient glycaemic targets in frail older adults who may be particularly vulnerable to hypoglycaemia and its consequences.
Dietary advice to cardiovascular patients. A brief update for physicians
Authors: Visioli Francesco , Poli Andrea
Published: April 2019

It is important, in our opinion, to provide physicians with a brief update of scientifically-sound evidence in preventive nutrition, to be employed in their everyday practice, since the latest scientific and clinical advances in this area are generally not well known. Here, we review the most recent evidence in support of an optimal cardio-protective diet, and we identify the need to focus mainly on protective food which should be part of such diet, rather than on nutrients with negative effects to be limited (salt, saturated fats, simple sugars). We conclude that, to favor patient compliance, it is also necessary to underscore indications on the topics for which there is convincing and coherent literature, leaving other less-explored aspects to individual preferences.
Held's History of Sumbawa. An Annotated Translation
Authors: Hägerdal Hans
Published: April 2019

Sumbawa is a medium-sized island in eastern Indonesia which has a particularly interesting past. In the premodern era it lay on the trade routes that connected the north coasts of the islands of Melaka and Java with the spice-producing areas in Maluku, while Sumbawa itself exported horses, sappan wood, and rice. Its recorded history covers periods of Hindu-Javanese influence, the Southeast Asian Age of Commerce, early Islamisation, and Dutch colonialism. Dutch Indologist Gerrit Jan Held wrote this book in 1955 but died before it could be published; this volume represents its first translation into English, and includes extensive footnotes that set it in context of current research.
Genetic diversity and relationships of Chinese donkeys using microsatellite markers
Authors: Zeng Lulan , Dang Ruihua , Dong Hong , Li Fangyu , Chen Hong , Lei Chuzhao
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Donkeys are one important livestock in China because of their nourishment and medical values. To investigate the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Chinese donkey breeds, a panel of 25 fluorescently labeled microsatellite markers was applied to genotype 504 animals from 12 Chinese donkey breeds. A total of 226 alleles were detected, and the expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.6315 (Guanzhong) to 0.6999 (Jiami). The mean value of the polymorphism information content, observed number of alleles, and expected number of alleles for all the tested Chinese donkeys were 0.6600, 6.890, and 3.700, respectively, suggesting that Chinese indigenous donkeys have relatively abundant genetic diversity. Although there were abundant genetic variations found, the genetic differentiation between the Chinese donkey breeds was relatively low, which displayed only 5.99 % of the total genetic variance among different breeds. The principal coordinates analysis clearly splits 12 donkey breeds into two major groups. The first group included Xiji, Xinjiang, Liangzhou, Kulun, and Guanzhong donkey breeds. In the other group, Gunsha, Dezhou, Biyang, Taihang, Jiami, Qingyang, and Qinghai donkeys were clustered together. This grouping pattern was further supported by structure analysis and neighbor-joining tree analysis. Furthermore, genetic relationships between different donkey breeds identified in this study were corresponded to their geographic distribution and breeding history. Our results provide comprehensive and precise baseline information for further research on preservation and utilization of Chinese domestic donkeys.
Diurnal cycle of short-term fluctuations of integrated water vapour above Switzerland
Authors: Hocke Klemens , Bernet Leonie , Hagen Jonas , Murk Axel , Renker Matthias , Mätzler Christian
Published: April 2019

Abstract. The TROpospheric WAter RAdiometer (TROWARA) continuously measures integrated water vapour (IWV) with a time resolution of 6 seconds at Bern in Switzerland. During summer, we often see that IWV has temporal fluctuations during daytime while the night-time data are without fluctuations. The data analysis is focused on the year 2010 where TROWARA has a good data quality without data gaps. We derive the spectrum of the IWV fluctuations in the period range from about 1 to 100 min. The FFT spectrum with a window size of 3 months leads to a serious underestimation of the spectral amplitudes of the fluctuations. Thus, we apply a band pass filtering method to derive the amplitudes as a function of period Tp. The amplitudes are proportional to Tp0.5. Another method is the computation of the moving standard deviation with time window lengths from about 1 to 100 min. Here, we get similar results as for the band pass filtering method. At all periods, the IWV fluctuations are strongest during summer while they are smallest during winter. We derive the diurnal variation of the short-term IWV fluctuations by applying a moving standard deviation with a window length of 10 min. The daily cycle is strongest during the summer season with standard deviations up to 0.22 mm at about 14:00 CET. The diurnal cycle disappears during winter time. Using the meteorological weather station at Bern, we derive the diurnal cycle of the short-term fluctuations of the specific kinetic energy ek. Since these data have a temporal resolution of 10 min, we apply a 20 min-moving standard deviation. The derived short-term ek fluctuations can be regarded as a proxy of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE). During summer time, the 20 min-moving standard deviation of ek increases during daytime and has a similar diurnal cycle like the short-term IWV fluctuations. Thus, we conclude that the diurnal cycle of the short-term IWV fluctuations is caused by turbulence associated with large convective heating during daytime in summer.
Objective evaluation of surface- and satellite-driven CO2 atmospheric inversions
Authors: Chevallier Frédéric , Remaud Marine , O'Dell Christopher W. , Baker David , Peylin Philippe , Cozic Anne
Published: April 2019

Abstract. We study an ensemble of six multi-year global Bayesian CO2 atmospheric inversions that vary in terms of assimilated observations (either column retrievals from one of two satellites or surface air sample measurements) and transport model. The time series of inferred annual fluxes are first compared with each other at various spatial scales. We then objectively evaluate the small inversion ensemble based on a large dataset of accurate aircraft measurements in the free troposphere over the globe, that are independent from all assimilated data. The measured variables are connected with the inferred fluxes through mass-conserving transport in the global atmosphere and are part of the inversion results. Large-scale annual fluxes estimated from the bias-corrected land retrievals of the second Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2) differ from the prior fluxes much, but are similar to the fluxes estimated from the surface network within the uncertainty of these surface-based estimates. The OCO-2- and surface-based inversions have similar performance when projected in the space of the aircraft data, but relative strengths and weaknesses of the two flux estimates vary within the Northern and Tropical parts of the continents. The verification data also suggests that the more complex and more recent transport model does not improve the inversion skill. In contrast, the inversion using bias-corrected retrievals from the Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite (GOSAT) or, to a larger extent, a non-Bayesian inversion that simply adjusts a recent bottom-up flux estimate with the annual growth rate diagnosed from marine surface measurements, estimate much different fluxes and fit the aircraft data less. Our study highlights a way to rate global atmospheric inversions. It suggests that some satellite retrievals can now provide inversion results that are, despite their uncertainty, comparable in credibility to traditional inversions using the accurate but sparse surface network and that are therefore complementary for studies of the global carbon budget.
Laboratory analysis of volcanic ash particles using a 2D video disdrometer
Authors: Suh Sung-Ho , Maki Masayuki , Iguchi Masato , Lee Dong-In , Yamaji Akihiko , Momotani Tatsuya
Published: April 2019

Abstract. Radar variables of volcanic ash clouds are dependent on microphysical processes and can be expressed using physical parameters of volcanic ash particles, such as terminal velocity, axis ratio, and canting angle, which are necessary for quantitative ash-fall estimations. In this study, free-fall experiments of volcanic ash were accomplished using a two-dimensional video disdrometer under controlled conditions. Samples containing a rotating symmetric axis were selected and divided into five types according to shape and orientation, i.e., oblate and prolate spheroids with horizontally and vertically oriented axes and spheres. The horizontally and vertically oriented particles were present in proportions of 75.5 % and 21.6 %, and oblate and prolate spheroids were in proportions of 76.2 % and 23.8 %, respectively. The most common shape type was a horizontally oriented oblate spheroid (57.3 %). The terminal velocities were classified according to shape type. The terminal velocities of prolate spheroids (vertically oriented) particles were higher than those of oblate spheroids (horizontally). Terminal velocities were in the range 0.5 < volume–equivalent spherical particle diameter (D) < 1 mm for OH because of an increase in axis ratio and a sharp decrease in sample size from D < 0.7 mm. The axis ratios fell over a wide range, from 0 to 1.5, at D < 2 mm, but converged to 0.94 at D > 2 mm. The histogram of canting angles followed unimodal and bimodal distributions with respect to horizontally and vertically oriented particles, respectively. The mean values were close to 0° and the standard deviation for the entire particle shape types was close to that of raindrops (10°) under calm atmospheric conditions.
The effect of mountain uplift on eastern boundary currents and upwelling systems
Authors: Jung Gerlinde , Prange Matthias
Published: April 2019

Abstract. All major mountain ranges are assumed to have been subject to increased uplifting processes during the late Miocene and Pliocene. Previous work has demonstrated that African uplift is an important element to explain Benguela upper-ocean cooling in the late Miocene/Pliocene. According to proxy records, a surface ocean cooling also occurred in other Eastern Boundary upwelling regions during the late Neogene. Here we investigate a set of sensitivity experiments altering topography in major mountain regions (Andes, North American Cordillera and South/East African mountains) separately with regard to the potential impact on the intensity of near-coastal low-level winds, Ekman transport and Ekman pumping as well as upper-ocean cooling. The simulations show that mountain uplift is important for upper-ocean temperature evolution in the area of Eastern Boundary Currents. The impact is primarily on the atmospheric circulation which is then acting on upper-ocean temperatures through changes in strengths of upwelling, horizontal heat advection and surface heat fluxes. Different atmosphere-ocean feedbacks additionally alter the sea surface temperature response to uplift. The relative importance of the different feedback mechanisms depends on the region, but is most likely also influenced by model and model resolution.