bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Demonstration of a Hybrid B5G System Integrating VLC and RF-Based Technologies with Access Networks
Authors: Andrade Tomás Powell Villena , Lopes Celso Henrique de Souza , Carneiro de Souza Letícia , Sodré Junior Arismar Cerqueira
Published: January 2025

Visible-light communication (VLC) has emerged as a promising technology to provide the very high-throughput wireless communications demanded by beyond-fifth-generation (B5G) applications. However, few works are found in the literature regarding the integration of VLC systems with other wireless communications technologies and with access networks. In this context, and as a proof of concept, we implement and experimentally evaluate a hybrid network architecture based on VLC, radio-over-fiber (RoF), free space optics (FSO), fiber-wireless (FiWi), and millimeter-waves (mm-waves) for B5G applications. Such optical networks make use of fiber-optic links based on RoF technology as backhauls, whereas their fronthauls might be either by FSO or RoF. Finally, a triple-wireless-access network is ensured by VLC, FiWi, and mm-wave links. The latter use a real 5G new radio (5G NR) signal. The system performance is evaluated in terms of a root mean square error vector magnitude (EVMRMS) parameter in accordance with the 3rd-Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) requirements. The experimental results demonstrate a total maximal theoretical throughput of approximately 1.66 Gbps, aligning with the digital performance requirements set by 3GPP.
The Essential Role of Monte Carlo Simulations for Lung Dosimetry in Liver Radioembolization—Part B: 166Ho Microspheres
Authors: d’Andrea Edoardo , Politano Andrea , Cassano Bartolomeo , Lanconelli Nico , Cremonesi Marta , Patera Vincenzo , Pacilio Massimiliano
Published: January 2025

This study compares dosimetric approaches for lung dosimetry in 166 radioembolization (Ho-TARE) with direct Monte Carlo (MC) simulations on a voxelized anthropomorphic phantom derived from a real patient’s CT scan, preserving the patient’s lung density distribution. Lung dosimetry was assessed for five lung shunt (LS) scenarios with conventional methods: the mono-compartmental organ-level approach (MIRD), voxel S-value convolution for soft tissue (kST, ICRU soft tissue with 1.04 g/cm3) and lung tissue (kLT, ICRU lung tissue with 0.296 g/cm3), local density rescaling (kSTL and kLTL, respectively, for soft tissue and lung tissue), or global rescaling for a lung mean density of 0.221 g/cm3 (kLT221). Significant underestimations in the mean absorbed dose (AD) were observed, with relative differences with respect to the reference (MC) of −64% for MIRD, −93% for kST, −56% for kSTL, −76% for kLT, −68% for kLT221, and −60% for kLTL. Given the high heterogeneity of lung tissue, standard dosimetric approaches cannot accurately estimate the AD. Additionally, MC results for 166Ho showed notable spatial absorbed dose inhomogeneity, highlighting the need for tailored lung dosimetry in Ho-TARE accounting for the patient-specific lung density distribution. MC-based dosimetry thus proves to be essential for safe and effective radioembolization treatment planning in the presence of LS.
Magnetic Source Detection Using an Array of Planar Hall Effect Sensors and Machine Learning Algorithms
Authors: Vizel Miki , Alimi Roger , Lahav Daniel , Schultz Moty , Grosz Asaf , Klein Lior
Published: January 2025

We use an array of nine elliptical Planar Hall Effect (PHE) sensors and machine learning algorithms to map the magnetic signal generated by a magnetic source. Based on the obtained mapping, the location and nature of the magnetic source can be determined. The sensors are positioned at the vertices of a symmetrical and evenly spaced 3 × 3 grid. The main electronic card orchestrates their measurement by supplying the required driving current and amplifying and sampling their output in a synchronized manner. A two-dimensional interpolation of the data collected from the nine sensors fails to yield a satisfactory mapping. To address this, we employed the Levenberg–Marquardt Algorithm (LMA) as a deterministic optimization method to estimate the magnetic source’s position and parameters, as well as machine earning (ML) algorithms, which consist of a Fully Connected Neural Network (FCNN). While LMA provided reasonable results, its reliance on a sparse sensor network and initial guesses for variables limited its accuracy. We show that the mapping is significantly improved if the data are processed with an FCNN that undergoes training and testing. Using simulations, we demonstrate that achieving similar improvement without ML would require increasing the number of sensors to more than 50.
Unveiling the Utilization of Grape and Winery By-Products in Cosmetics with Health Promoting Properties
Authors: Tsiapali Olga I. , Ayfantopoulou Efthymia , Tzourouni Athanasia , Ofrydopoulou Anna , Letsiou Sophia , Tsoupras Alexandros
Published: January 2025

Winemaking by-products, such as grape pomace and grape seed oil, provide sustainable and eco-friendly resources for cosmetics and are rich in bioactive compounds like phenolic bioactives, proteins, and lipids (i.e., unsaturated fatty acids, bioactive polar lipids, and carotenoids). These compounds, extracted using advanced techniques such as ultrasound, microwave, and enzyme-assisted methods, exhibit antioxidant, antimicrobial, anti-aging, and anti-inflammatory properties. In vitro and in vivo studies on keratinocytes and fibroblasts demonstrate their efficacy in enhancing skin hydration, elasticity, and UV protection while reducing oxidative stress and inflammation through pathways like SIRT1 and HSP47. Encapsulation techniques further improve their stability and bioavailability. The aim of this review is to investigate in detail the advanced techniques for the extraction of bioactive compounds from winemaking by-products and to evaluate their effectiveness in the isolation of phenolic compounds, proteins, and lipids. At the same time, it focuses on the application of the extracted compounds in the cosmetics industry, highlighting their contribution to products with antioxidant, anti-aging, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties. Finally, special emphasis is given to encapsulation techniques to improve their stability and bioavailability, with the aim of developing innovative and sustainable cosmetic products.
Optimization Design of Space Camera Enclosure Based on Bionics
Authors: Li Hongyu , Li Fu , Zhao Zhihua , Yang Janfeng , Lv Juan
Published: January 2025

To optimize the design of the space camera enclosure, this paper employs biomimicry methods. The study compares the structural characteristics of the tendons and veins of the Victoria lindl, analyzes the similarities between the reinforced tendons and the Victoria lindl structure, and explores the feasibility of biomimicry design. An evaluation factor set and judgment matrix are established for both, and a similarity evaluation is conducted. Utilizing the Solidworks-Ansys interface, parametric modeling is performed, completing the biomimetic initial structural design of the space camera enclosure. Incorporating response surface optimization design principles, the study examines the relationship between the dimensions of stiffener and substrates, the maximum deformation of the enclosure, and the first-order natural frequency. Genetic algorithms are employed for optimization, leading to a secondary optimization design for the space camera enclosure. Through Ansys simulation analysis, a comparison is made between the first-order natural frequency, maximum deformation, and enclosure weight of the space camera enclosure before and after optimization. The results indicate that the biomimicry-inspired space camera enclosure structure, modeled after the tendons of Victoria lindl, can reduce weight by 36.9% compared to traditional designs, while maintaining high stiffness and fundamental frequency. This offers a novel approach for research in this field.
Comparison of Sparse Representation Methods for Complex Data Based on the Smoothed L0 Norm and Modified Minimum Fuel Neural Network
Authors: Panokin Nikolay V. , Kostin Ivan A. , Karlovskiy Alexander V. , Nalivaiko Anton Yu.
Published: January 2025

This article outlines the results of comparison methods for representing complex data based on a redundant basis using the L0 norm and analyses the method of a modified MFNN (minimum fuel neural network) and the sparse representation method for the complex-data SL0 (smoothed L0 norm), based on the smoothed L0 norm. The example of numerical modeling for determining the direction of arrival (DOA) of sources received by an equidistant antenna array (ULA—Uniform Linear Array) shows that the SL0 method ensures a high convergence rate. However, unlike the MFNN-like neural network method, it does not guarantee convergence to the correct solution.
Technical Characterization of a High-Power Diode Laser at 445 nm for Medical Applications: From Continuous Wave Down to Pulse Durations in the µs-Range
Authors: Liu Zhaoqun , Lu Yunfan , Lange Birgit , Meister Jörg
Published: January 2025

The technical development of diode lasers with regard to wavelengths, output powers and pulse durations in the order of microseconds is expanding the range of medical applications. The 445 nm wavelength, in particular, offers a promising approach. Such a laser system is now available, and its technical and optical properties are introduced here. To characterize the diode laser with a wavelength of 445 nm, laser settings were recorded in both CW and pulse modes in the range µs to ms, with duty-cycles of 1% up to 40% (partially also up to 90%). At the same time, the temporal behaviour of the laser pulses was documented. In addition, the influence of different irradiation parameters for pulse durations of 10 µs, 100 µs and 1 ms at duty-cycles of 50%, 25% and 15% on porcine tissue was investigated. With regard to the cutting depth and thermal damage zones, cuts were carried out in the contact mode using an optical fiber with a core diameter of 375 µm and a cut speed of 3 mm/s. The average power was set between 2 W and 8 W. Output powers of up to 12.7 W in CW mode and peak powers > 30 W, with pulse durations of 5 and 10 µs, were achieved. Cuts with a depth of up to 1 mm could be created using 100 µs pulses with different duty-cycles and also in CW mode. The width of the thermal damage zone was between 200 and 350 µm for all settings. The 445 nm wavelength is characterized by a large number of possible advantages in surgical applications. Pulse durations down to the µs-range with peak power approximately three times higher than average power could open up new applications.
HyFusER: Hybrid Multimodal Transformer for Emotion Recognition Using Dual Cross Modal Attention
Authors: Yi Moung-Ho , Kwak Keun-Chang , Shin Ju-Hyun
Published: January 2025

Emotion recognition is becoming increasingly important for accurately understanding and responding to user emotions, driven by the rapid proliferation of non-face-to-face environments and advancements in conversational AI technologies. Existing studies on multimodal emotion recognition, which utilize text and speech, have aimed to improve performance by integrating the information from both modalities. However, these approaches have faced limitations such as restricted information exchange and the omission of critical cues. To address these challenges, this study proposes a Hybrid Multimodal Transformer, which combines Intermediate Layer Fusion and Last Fusion. Text features are extracted using KoELECTRA, while speech features are extracted using HuBERT. These features are processed through a transformer encoder, and Dual Cross Modal Attention is applied to enhance the interaction between text and speech. Finally, the predicted results from each modality are aggregated using an average ensemble method to recognize the final emotion. The experimental results indicate that the proposed model achieves superior emotion recognition performance compared to existing models, demonstrating significant progress in improving both the accuracy and reliability of emotion recognition. In the future, incorporating additional modalities, such as facial expression recognition, is expected to further strengthen multimodal emotion recognition capabilities and open new possibilities for application across diverse fields.
LiveDrive AI: A Pilot Study of a Machine Learning-Powered Diagnostic System for Real-Time, Non-Invasive Detection of Mild Cognitive Impairment
Authors: Al-Hindawi Firas , Serhan Peter , Geda Yonas E. , Tsow Francis , Wu Teresa , Forzani Erica
Published: January 2025

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) represents a significant global health issue, affecting over 55 million individuals worldwide, with a progressive impact on cognitive and functional abilities. Early detection, particularly of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) as an indicator of potential AD onset, is crucial yet challenging, given the limitations of current diagnostic biomarkers and the need for non-invasive, accessible tools. This study aims to address these gaps by exploring driving performance as a novel, non-invasive biomarker for MCI detection. Using the LiveDrive AI system, equipped with multimodal sensing (MMS) technology and a driving performance assessment strategy, the proposed work analyzes the predictive capacity of driving patterns in indicating cognitive decline. Machine learning models, trained on an expert-annotated in-house dataset, were employed to detect MCI status from driving performance. Key findings demonstrate the feasibility of using nuanced driving features, such as velocity and acceleration during turning, as indicators of cognitive decline. This approach holds promise for integration into smartphone or car applications, enabling real-time, continuous cognitive health monitoring. The implications of this work suggest a transformative step towards scalable, real-world solutions for early AD diagnosis, with the potential to improve patient outcomes and disease management.
The Target-Defining Attributes Can Determine the Effects of Attentional Control Settings in Singleton Search Mode
Authors: Chen Ying , Wang Junzhe , Miao Zhiwei , Jiang Yunpeng , Wu Xia
Published: January 2025

The attentional control settings (ACSs) can help us efficiently select targets in complex real-world environments. Previous research has shown that category-specific ACS demands more attentional resources than feature-specific ACS. However, comparing natural or alphanumeric categories with color features does not distinguish the effects of processing hierarchy and target-defining properties. The present study employed a spatial cueing paradigm to better understand the effects of target-defining properties and search mode on attentional resources in visual search. The target was defined as a combination of shape feature (shape “X”) and color category (green in different shades), which generated shape-specific ACS (sACS) and color-specific ACS (cACS). The degrees of shape matching (SM), color matching (CM), and spatial validity between the cue and target were manipulated. Search modes were manipulated by changing the homogeneity of distractors in either shape or color dimensions. Results show a main effect of CM across all four experiments, indicating that category can tune on attentional capture consistently. Importantly, the analysis between four experiments found different interactions across experiments, suggesting that the singleton search mode can reduce the effects of ACS and increase the interactions with other factors. In conclusion, this study suggests that the effects of ACS on attentional capture are determined by both target-defining properties and search mode, rather than processing hierarchy. The results indicate that attentional processes are highly dynamic and context-dependent, requiring a flexible allocation of resources to effectively prioritize relevant information.
Unpacking the Impact of Writing Feedback Perception on Self-Regulated Writing Ability: The Role of Writing Self-Efficacy and Self-Regulated Learning Strategies
Authors: Hwang Soonhee
Published: January 2025

Writing is a goal-oriented cognitive activity that requires metacognition and is essential for learners across all academic levels. However, many students struggle with writing skills, which can negatively affect their academic success and future opportunities. This study aimed to analyze factors influencing undergraduates’ writing achievement and to explore the relationships among writing feedback perception, writing self-efficacy, self-regulated learning strategies, and self-regulated writing ability. The study was conducted in two parts: Phase 1 examined the factors affecting the writing achievement of 196 undergraduates, while Phase 2 explored the mediating role of writing self-efficacy and self-regulated learning strategies in the relationship between the writing feedback perception and self-regulated writing ability of 306 undergraduates in Korea. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation, regression, and multiple mediation analyses. Findings from Phase 1 showed that self-regulated learning strategies and self-regulated writing ability predicted writing achievement, while writing feedback perception and writing self-efficacy did not. In Phase 2, three key results emerged. First, writing feedback perception was a significant predictor of writing self-efficacy and self-regulated learning strategies. Second, writing feedback perception, writing self-efficacy, and self-regulated learning strategies significantly predicted self-regulated writing ability. Third, writing self-efficacy and self-regulated learning strategies mediated the relationship between writing feedback perception and self-regulated writing ability. The findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying undergraduates’ writing achievement by emphasizing the indirect effects of writing feedback perception through writing self-efficacy and self-regulated learning strategies. The results underscore the role of fostering writing self-efficacy and equipping learners with effective self-regulated learning strategies to enhance writing skills. Additionally, the study highlights the value of well-designed writing feedback as a foundational element for cultivating students’ confidence and autonomy in their writing practices.
Online and Offline Disclosures of Unwanted Sexual Experiences: A Comparison of Reactions and Affect
Authors: de Roos Melissa S. , Caon Giorgia , Veldhuizen Ochodničanová Elza
Published: January 2025

People are increasingly turning to online settings to disclose very personal experiences, such as unwanted sexual encounters. Whilst the barriers to disclosure of such experiences and the positive effects of disclosure are well documented, little is known about the online disclosure experiences of survivors and victims of sexual violence, and no research has assessed differences between online and offline disclosures. This study assessed experiences of online and offline disclosures (N = 369; 86.4% female), focusing on people’s reasons for (non-)disclosure, the severity of people’s unwanted sexual experiences, the reactions they received to their disclosures, and how they felt about the disclosure. The results indicated differences between online and offline disclosures, with offline disclosures more strongly associated with negative responses than online disclosures. Moreover, people felt more positively about an online disclosure than they did about an offline disclosure. The interplay between these various factors and how people felt about their disclosure showed a different pattern across online and offline contexts. Implications and directions for future research are discussed.
Mechanisms of Anxiety Among Doctoral Students in China
Authors: Bai Fan , Zhang Feng , Xue Yeqi
Published: January 2025

The anxiety of doctoral students in school has consistently been a major concern in society and the medical community, stemming from pressures, such as the pursuit of identity within highly professional and fiercely competitive academic communities, the urgent drive for high-level original scientific research output, and the need to break through the limits of personal ability to complete in-depth academic training. Current research has focused on the prevalence of, causes of, and intervention strategies for anxiety among doctoral students, but it still exhibits deficiencies, such as overly generalized analytical methods, neglect of the diversity within the doctoral student population, and the incomplete theoretical framework for the mechanisms of influence. Therefore, our study aims to examine the anxiety status of different categories of doctoral students and to explore their anxiety intervention mechanisms. Specifically, we employ a mixed research method combining quantitative and qualitative approaches to address issues, such as the influencing factors of anxiety in different types of doctoral students, the mechanisms of action of each factor, and the formation of an influence mechanism framework. The results indicate that anxiety is prevalent among doctoral students, with the key influencing factors being gender, age, love and marriage pressure, and self-perception. Full-time and part-time doctoral students exhibit different anxiety states and causes on account of varying pressures related to graduation, employment, and family factors. Our research distinguishes the heterogeneity of anxiety among different types of doctoral students in China, innovatively constructing a set of anxiety intervention mechanisms for doctoral students. It aims to provide policy insights for the adjustment of their anxiety and hopes to offer novel perspectives and exemplary references for the theoretical research and practical exploration of doctoral students’ anxiety in other countries around the world.
Narrative Review of Single-Port Surgery in Genitourinary Cancers
Authors: Omidele Olamide , Elkun Yuval , Connors Christopher , Eraky Ahmed , Mehrazin Reza
Published: January 2025

Background: The da Vinci single-port (SP) platform is emerging as the latest innovation in minimally invasive surgery and its utilization in treating urologic malignancies continues to expand. Methods: A search was conducted in PubMed, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect. The final set includes 40 academic articles. Results: Research on single-port surgery for genitourinary cancer is still an emerging topic. We divided the topic into the following categories: radical prostatectomy, radical cystectomy, nephrectomy, and nephroureterectomy. Conclusions: The single-port platform provides urologists with another tool to tackle more complex surgical cases and pathologies with the added improvements of decreased length of stay and increased pain tolerance for patients.
Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Metastatic Pancreatic Adenocarcinomas
Authors: Antony Vijay , Sun Tong , Dolezal Darin , Cai Guoping
Published: January 2025

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is often diagnosed late, with an extremely poor prognosis. Treatment options like surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy are rarely curative. Tumor progression from primary to metastatic PDAC remains poorly understood at the molecular level. Methods: In the current study, we analyzed the molecular profiles of metastatic PDAC obtained via the Oncomine Comprehensive Assay in comparison to primary PDAC. Results: The current study cohort consisted of 115 metastatic PDAC cases, of which 71 (62%) cases succeeded in molecular testing while the remaining 44 (38%) cases contained insufficient tumor cells. Molecular profiling of 71 cases revealed a total of 239 molecular alterations, 3.4 alterations per case on average, predominantly in the form of gene mutations. The most common gene mutations included KRAS (86%) and TP53 (83%) mutations. Gene copy number alterations were also detected in 19 (27%) cases involving genes such as CCNE1 and ERBB2. Compared to the molecular profiles of primary PDAC reported in our prior study and TCGA database, there seemed to be increased rates of TP53, ARID1A, BRAF, and PIK3CA mutations in the metastatic diseases. Conclusions: These findings suggest that metastatic PDAC possesses unique genetic characteristics, offering potential therapeutic targets in advanced-stage pancreatic cancer.
Downregulation of Aging-Associated Gene SUCLG1 Marks the Aggressiveness of Liver Disease
Authors: Tsoneva Desislava K. , Napoli Alessandro , Teneva Mariya , Mazza Tommaso , Vinciguerra Manlio
Published: January 2025

Introduction: The most common liver disease is nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, characterized by an intrahepatic accumulation of lipids that most often accompanies obesity. Fatty liver can evolve, in the presence of oxidative stress and inflammation, into disabling and deadly liver diseases such as cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and cholangiocarcinoma (CC). Old age seems to favor HCC and CC, in agreement with the inflammaging theory, according to which aging accrues inflammation. Cancer, in general, is an age-related disease, as incidence and mortality for most types of cancer increase with age. However, how molecular drivers in tumors differ or are mutated more frequently among patients of different ages remains scarcely investigated. A recent integrative analysis of the age-associated multi-omic landscape across cancers and healthy tissues demonstrated that age-related gene expression changes are linked to numerous biological processes. HCC and CC have among the lowest five-year survival estimates due to their aggressive progression. Materials and methods: In this study, we extracted top gene candidates from the above-mentioned pan-analyses (i.e., B2M, C1qA, SUCLG1) and tested by qPCR their expression and their correlation with disease progression in 48 tissue samples covering liver disease stages (fatty liver, hepatitis, cirrhosis, HCC and CC) and normal tissues. Results: Here, we report a significant downregulation in the expression of the age-associated gene SUCLG1 during the progression of liver disease toward HCC and CC, which also associates with poor patient survival. Conclusion: SUCGL1, a mitochondrial enzyme gene that catalyzes the conversion of succinyl CoA to succinate, might be therapeutically targeted for the development and progression of age-associated liver cancers with low survival rates.
Controlling the Carbon Species to Design Effective Photocatalysts Based on Explosive Reactions for Purifying Water by Light
Authors: Saber Osama , Awada Chawki , Hegazy Asmaa M. , Osama Aya , Shaalan Nagih M. , Alshoaibi Adil , Osama Mostafa
Published: January 2025

The international challenges of water directed the scientists to face the environment-related problems because of the high concentrations of industrial pollutants. In this direction, the present study focuses on designing effective photocatalysts by explosive technique to use light as a driving force for removing industrial pollutants from water. These photocatalysts consist of gold, carbon species (nanotubes, nanofibers, and nanoparticles), and aluminum oxides. By controlling the explosive processes, two photocatalysts were prepared; one was based on carbon nanotubes and nanofibers combined with aluminum oxide, and the other contained the nanoparticles of both carbon and aluminum oxides. The Raman spectra, transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and mapping images confirmed the presence of these nanostructures in homogenous nanocomposites. The optical properties of the prepared nanocomposites were evaluated by UV–Vis absorbance, band gap energy, and photoluminescence (PL) measurements. The experimental results indicated that the presence of CNTs and CNFs led to a lowering of the band gap energy of the prepared nanocomposite to 2.3 eV. This band gap energy is suitable for obtaining an effective photocatalyst. This speculation was confirmed through photocatalytic degradation of the green dyes. The prepared photocatalyst caused a complete removal of the dyes from water after 21 min of light radiation. PL measurement indicated that the CNTs and CNFs have important roles in accelerating the photocatalytic degradation of the pollutants. A kinetic study confirmed that carbon nanotubes boosted the efficiency of the photocatalyst to accelerate the reaction rate of the photocatalytic decomposition of the green dyes more than four times faster than the photocatalyst based on the carbon nanoparticles. Finally, this study concluded that CNTs and CNFs are more favorable than carbon nanoparticles for designing effective photocatalysts to meet the special requirements of the markets of pollutant removal and water purification.
Structure–Function Diversity of Calcium-Binding Proteins (CaBPs): Key Roles in Cell Signalling and Disease
Authors: Morris Vanessa S. , Richards Ella M. B. , Morris Rachael , Dart Caroline , Helassa Nordine
Published: January 2025

Calcium (Ca2+) signalling is a fundamental cellular process, essential for a wide range of physiological functions. It is regulated by various mechanisms, including a diverse family of Ca2+-binding proteins (CaBPs), which are structurally and functionally similar to calmodulin (CaM). The CaBP family consists of six members (CaBP1, CaBP2, CaBP4, CaBP5, CaBP7, and CaBP8), each exhibiting unique localisation, structural features, and functional roles. In this review, we provide a structure–function analysis of the CaBP family, highlighting the key similarities and differences both within the family and in comparison to CaM. It has been shown that CaBP1–5 share similar structural and interaction characteristics, while CaBP7 and CaBP8 form a distinct subfamily with unique properties. This review of current CaBP knowledge highlights the critical gaps in our understanding, as some CaBP members are less well characterised than others. We also examine pathogenic mutations within CaBPs and their functional impact, showing the need for further research to improve treatment options for associated disorders.
Congenital Myasthenic Syndrome-4C in a Consanguineous Romani Family: Genetic Insights and Clinical Implications
Authors: Petchesi Codruta Diana , Jurca Aurora Alexandra , Jurca Alexandru Daniel , Dorobantu Florica Ramona , Iuhas Alin Remus , Severin Emilia , Jurca Claudia Maria
Published: January 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Congenital myasthenic syndrome-4C (CMS4C) associated with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) deficiency is an autosomal recessive defect of the motor endplate caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the CHRNE gene on chromosome 17p13. Case Presentation: The authors present a familial case of CMS4C with three affected children in a consanguineous Romani family. Muscle weakness, fatigue, and ocular muscle impairment were present in all cases; two of the three siblings had delayed motor milestones, highly arched palates, and facial weakness. None of the children expressed bulbar symptoms. One child expressed a severe form, with recurrent respiratory infections, and multiple hospitalizations, while the other siblings expressed a mild phenotype, without hospital admissions. Repetitive nerve stimulation showed a myasthenic-type decrement greater than 10% of several muscles. A pathogenic frameshift variant (NM_000080.4: c.1327del) in the CHRNE gene was found in a homozygous status in all the affected children and in both parents. After 6 months of Pyridostigmine and Salbutamol treatment, the evolution of the case was good, with the improvement of most of the signs and no need for hospitalization. Conclusions: Early genetic diagnosis and appropriate therapy in the context of a multidisciplinary approach is mandatory for an optimal long-term prognosis. Community-wide carrier screening through comprehensive genetic testing is imperative to ensure accurate genetic counseling in genetic isolates. The authors report this case due to the increased number of affected children in a consanguine family from a small Romani community.
Promoting Understanding of the Concept of the Refraction of Light Through the Use of Attentive Teaching
Authors: Schur Yaron , Guberman Ainat , Ovsyannikov Svetlana
Published: January 2025

The goal of this study was to follow students’ developing understanding of the concept of the refraction of light when using a dialogic–constructivist teaching approach—Attentive Teaching. This is a multiple-case study. The participants, four 10th graders in a science class, were asked to draw the surroundings as seen from within a drop of water and provide written and oral explanations before and after the study unit. The findings demonstrate that mediated instruction that includes students’ drawings, written explanations, and classroom discourse supports student learning in three ways. (1) It creates a context in which teachers and students work together to construct knowledge. The students represent their initial individual points of view and experience conceptual changes that stem from the mediated discourse. (2) The individual drawings and their explanations represent students’ conceptualizations. Repeated drawing and explanation tasks provide teachers with an important formative assessment tool that enables them to see the conceptual change processes the students undergo and adapt their instruction accordingly. (3) Teachers can assess their students’ visual and verbal representations of their emotions while learning and relate to them, thus strengthening students’ self-confidence as well as student–teacher relationships.
A Portable Hybrid Photovoltaic Thermal Application: Shape-Stabilised Phase-Change Material with Metal Flakes for Enhanced Heat Transfer
Authors: Maneechot Pakin , Klungsida Nivadee , Kueathaweekun Thep , Butploy Narut , Somnugpong Sawet , Khiewwan Kanokwan , Thongchai Jaturong , Tantisantisom Khumphicha , Ramachandran Tholkappiyan , Kuppusamy Madhan , Velmurugan Karthikeyan
Published: January 2025

Photovoltaic–thermal (PVT) applications have been widely studied in recent years, though commercialisation has become critical due to their operational characteristics and size. In this study, a portable PVT system was developed for mobilisation with assistance from an organic phase-change material (PCM). Two different PCM composites were developed using the PCM with charcoal (PCM + C) and charcoal and metal flakes (PCM + C + M). Considering the portability of the PVT system, conventional metal-container-based PCM storage units were avoided, and the shape-stabilised PCMs (SS-PCMs) were fitted directly on the back surface of the PV module. Further, a serpentine copper tube was placed on the SS-PCMs to extract heat energy for hot water applications. It was found that PVPCM+C+M exhibited a higher cooling rate, with peak reductions of 24.82 °C and 4.19 °C compared to the PVnoPCM and PVPCM+C, respectively. However, PVPCM+C exhibited a higher outlet water temperature difference of 11.62 °C. Secondly, an increase of more than 0.2 litres per minute showed a declining trend in cooling in the PV module. Considering the primary concern of electrical power generation, it was concluded that PVPCM+C+M is suitable for PVT mobilisation applications, owing to it having shown the highest thermal cooling per 190 g of PCM and a 1-Watt (TCPW) cooling effect of 2.482 °C. In comparison, PVPCM+C achieved a TCPW cooling effect of 1.399 °C.
Modeling and Simulation on the Hybrid Solution of Static Var Generator and Synchronous Condenser for Unlocking Power Output Limitation of Wind Farms Integrated into Weak Grid
Authors: Liang Haiyang , Zhang Yanbin , Liu Shuran , Wu Jianling , Fan Jifeng , Zhang Yi , Yu Junjie , Zhang Tianlong , Zhu Ziyi
Published: January 2025

The issues of low inertia, overvoltage, and wide-frequency oscillations in high-proportion renewable energy systems have become prominent, posing major challenges to renewable energy integration and threatening grid stability. Currently, many wind-rich areas ensure grid safety and stability by reducing wind farm output. To enhance the active power delivery capability of wind farms, this paper proposes a hybrid solution of a small synchronous condenser (SC) and static var generator (SVG) within wind farm stations to optimize reactive power and voltage at the point of grid connection. First, it was analyzed that the low short-circuit ratio (SCR) is a key factor affecting the stable operation of wind farms, and the sub-transient reactance of the SC can increase the SCR. Based on this, a method for configuring the capacity of the SC was developed. Next, simulation models for both the SC and the SVG were established, and their reactive power compensation capabilities were verified. The hybrid control approach combined the advantages of both devices, providing comprehensive voltage support across sub-transient, transient, and steady-state conditions for renewable energy stations. Furthermore, based on a practical 50.5 MW wind farm, which has been operating with a power delivery consistently limited to 60% of its capacity, a simulation model and scenarios were set up. A comparison of the simulation results shows that, with only the SVG in operation, the wind farm is prone to oscillations after a grid fault. However, after adopting the hybrid control of the SC and SVG, the wind farm operates stably. Therefore, installing a small SC within wind farms can effectively address the limitations of voltage stability and a low short-circuit ratio, thereby supporting higher levels of renewable energy integration.
Heat Transfer Modeling of Hydrogen-Fueled Spark Ignition Engine
Authors: Beccari Stefano , Pipitone Emiliano
Published: January 2025

Currently, green hydrogen, generated through renewable energy sources, stands out as one of the best substitutes for fossil fuels in mitigating pollutant emissions and consequent global warming. Particularly, the utilization of hydrogen in spark ignition engines has undergone extensive study in recent years. Many aspects have been analyzed: the conversion of gasoline engines to hydrogen operation, the combustion duration, the heat transfer, and, in general, the engine thermal efficiency. Hydrogen combustion is characterized by a smaller quenching distance compared to traditional hydrocarbon fuels such as gasoline or natural gas and this produces a smaller thermal boundary layer and consequently higher heat transfer. This paper presents findings from experimental trials and numerical simulations conducted on a hydrogen-powered CFR (cooperative fuel research) engine, focusing specifically on heat transfer with combustion chamber walls. The engine has also been fueled with methane and isooctane (two reference fuels); both the engine compression ratio and the air/fuel ratio have been changed in a wide range in order to compare the three fuels in terms of heat transfer, combustion duration, and engine thermal efficiency in different operating conditions. A numerical model has been calibrated with experimental data in order to predict the amount of heat transfer under the best thermal efficiency operating conditions. The results show that, when operated with hydrogen, the best engine efficiency is obtained with a compression ratio of 11.9 and an excess air ratio (λ) of 2.
Traditional Biomass Energy Use Among Women Street Coffee Vendors: Access and Health Implications in Bahir Dar City, Ethiopia
Authors: Engida Yilikal Muche , Demena Binyam Afewerk , Afrifa Salomey Gyamfi
Published: January 2025

Biomass energy is a significant yet often overlooked energy source in many developing nations, particularly in households where it is utilized in highly inefficient ways. This inefficiency stems from the direct combustion of wood, charcoal, leaves, agricultural residues, and animal dung for cooking purposes. A substantial portion of the Ethiopian population relies on traditional biomass energy, a dependence influenced by socioeconomic factors and residential location. In this study, we focus on traditional coffee vendors operating on the streets of Bahir Dar who utilize traditional biomass for coffee preparation. We aim to investigate the accessibility and health implications of traditional biomass utilization among these women coffee vendors. We employed a mixed-methods research approach with a concurrent research design to achieve our objectives. Data were analyzed quantitatively through descriptive statistics and qualitatively through thematic analysis. Both the descriptive and textual data indicate that women traditional coffee vendors (WTCVs) rely on traditional biomass energy because customers expect the ceremonies to be performed using it, as it holds significant traditional and cultural value. While traditional biomass energy is relatively accessible, the vendors’ limited income often restricts their ability to secure it consistently. Consequently, their dependence on traditional biomass, combined with poor working conditions, negatively impacts their respiratory health and heightens the risk of burns and injuries.
Ecosystem-Model-Based Valuation of Ecosystem Services in a Baltic Lagoon: Long-Term Human Technical Interventions and Short-Term Variability
Authors: Schernewski Gerald , Neumann Thomas , Piehl Sarah , Swer Nicole M.
Published: January 2025

We conducted 3D ecosystem model simulations over a 10-year period, supplemented by socio-economic data, to evaluate the ecosystem services provided by the large, shallow Oder/Szczecin Lagoon. Our analysis focused on three scenarios reflecting the progressive deepening of the navigational waterway across the lagoon: from 6 m (1880) to 10.5 m (1984) and finally to 12.5 m (2023). For the 10.5 m scenario, the total value of all six ecosystem services was estimated at EUR 272 million/year, or approximately EUR 0.4 million/year/km2. The individual contributions of each ecosystem service were as follows: nitrogen retention, EUR 166 million/a; phosphorus retention, EUR 5 million/a; carbon storage, EUR 0.4 million/a; active recreation, EUR 61 million/a; landscape aesthetics, EUR 36 million/a; wild fish catches, EUR 3.2 million/a; and transportation, EUR 32 million/a. Among these, denitrification emerged as the most economically important process, valued at EUR 178 million/year, or EUR 0.26 million/year/km2. Regulating ecosystem services displayed substantial interannual variability and pronounced seasonality. Additionally, the two parts of the lagoon, Kleines Haff (Germany) and Wielki Zalew (Poland), exhibited distinct patterns. Our model indicates that channel deepening enhances sediment burial and significantly increases phosphorus and carbon retention. However, the associated increase in connectivity to the Baltic Sea appears to have a minor effect.
Phylogenetic and Codon Usage Bias Analysis Based on mt-DNA of Cyphochilus crataceus (Coleoptera: Melolonthinae) and Its Neighboring Species
Authors: Zhan Haofeng , Cao Quan , Yang Xiaofei
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: In order to determine the basic structural characteristics of the mitochondrial genome of Cyphochilus crataceus and explore its phylogenetic status, as well as to understand the codon usage bias of Melolonthinae species, the next-generation sequencing was used to obtain the mitochondrial genome sequence of C. crataceus. Methods: Combined with 121 sequences of Scarabaeidae downloaded from GeneBank, a phylogenetic tree of the family was constructed using PhyloSuite v 1.2.3 software. Additionally, the codon composition and codon usage bias of the mitochondrial protein-coding genes of C. crataceus and 16 other Melolonthinae species were analyzed. Results: The results showed that the mitochondrial genome sequence of C. crataceus was 17,946 bp in length, with an A + T content of 71.82%, exhibiting a significant AT bias and a preference for ending with the base A/U, showed typical features of Scarabaeidae mitogenomes. The analysis of RSCU, ENC-plot, and neutrality plot revealed that factors such as nucleotide composition, gene mutations, and natural selection can have an impact on codon usage bias, but the intensity varies. For C. crataceus, codon usage preference is primarily influenced by gene mutations. The phylogenetic tree results indicated that, apart from Melolonthinae, all other subfamilies within Scarabaeidae were monophyletic. Conclusions: This study not only enriches the mitochondrial genome information of scarab beetles in the subfamily Melolonthinae but also provides important foundational information for molecular systematics, population genetics, and molecular ecology research in the family Scarabaeidae.
From Industrial Heritage to Cultural Space: The Touristic Transformation in the Region of Ciudad Rodrigo (Spain)
Authors: Fernández Portela Julio , Aguilar-Cuesta Ángel Ignacio
Published: January 2025

This study analyses the evolution of industrial heritage in the Ciudad Rodrigo region from its initial form to its current role as a cultural asset within the tourism sector. This study identifies and analyses the old mills in the region, distinguishing between those that have been abandoned and those that have been recovered for tourism purposes. Various historical sources have been used to do so, highlighting the Cadastre of the Marquis of Ensenada (mid-18th century). The aim is to determine the impact of this evolution on the local economy, with special attention to the role of tourism as a driver of territorial development through the enhancement of this industrial heritage using tourist routes. The results emphasise the importance of heritage recovery as a strategy to revitalise rural areas, highlighting the importance of tourism in the local economy, and as a key element for the sustainability of the territory.
Effects of Gypsum and Limestone on Early-Age Hydration and Strength Optimization in Belite Calcium Sulfoaluminate Cement
Authors: Ponduru Sai Akshay , Aylas-Paredes Bryan K. , Han Taihao , Neithalath Advaith , Neithalath Narayanan , Sant Gaurav , Kumar Aditya
Published: January 2025

Belite calcium sulfoaluminate cement (CSAB), an alternative to Portland cement, exhibits excellent strength at both early and later ages. However, due to its high belite content, the carbon reduction from this type of cement is not sufficient when compared to other alternative cements. To further enhance CSAB’s sustainability, this study investigates the performance of CSAB when partially replaced by low-carbon mineral additives (i.e., limestone and gypsum). The primary objective is to identify the optimal mixture design by incorporating gypsum and limestone to formulate a sustainable binder that maintains high compressive strength. The CSAB is replaced (with both additives) by up to 51% at two different liquid-to-solid ratios of 0.4 and 0.5. gypsum replacements ranging from 0% to 27%, resulting in three unique gypsum-to-ye’elimite molar ratios (M). Limestone replacements range from 0% to 30% in 10% increments. The investigation focuses on the development of hydrates, hydration kinetics, and compressive strength of the sustainable binders after 3 days. The results indicate that a higher replacement level of limestone provides more free water to react with ye’elimite and belite, thereby enhancing the hydration kinetics, but decreasing the compressive strength. It also shows that the addition of gypsum enhances the formation of ettringite, enabling the maintenance of great compressive strength within the binder even at high limestone replacement levels. The binder containing 12% gypsum and 20% limestone was identified as the optimal mixture, yielding a compressive strength of 39 MPa. This performance, when compared to the plain CSAB (compressive strength of 49 MPa), demonstrates that the optimized binder achieves adequate sustainability while maintaining mechanical properties without significant compromise.