bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
New light on Iron Age massive armlets
Authors: Hunter Fraser
Published: April 2023

Four unpublished armlets of the Later Iron Age `massive' tradition are described and discussed. Two are late-twentieth-century finds, a third being an antiquarian discovery to which a Fetlar (Shetland) provenance can be restored; this casts light on the intellectual networks of the late-eighteenth century, as well as being the first find of early Celtic art from the islands. A further armlet previously provenanced only to the Glamis area can be located to Templelands of Meigle, Perth and Kinross, from antiquarian sources. Current knowledge of this artistic tradition, its products, purpose and stimuli, are reviewed. Includes
Excavations at Gilmerton Cove, Edinburgh, 2002
Authors: Johnson Melanie , Oram Richard , Neighbour Tim , Cressey M , Haggarty G , Henderson D , Hobbs A , Hobbs B , Murdoch R
Published: April 2023

A research project was undertaken at Gilmerton Cove, Edinburgh by CFA Archaeology Ltd in advance of its development as a visitor attraction by City of Edinburgh Council. Historical research indicates that the Cove was built in the early 18th century. Excavation revealed hitherto unknown details of the layout of the Cove, including the presence of features cut into the rock floors; a well or cistern; a sump; and a second entrance.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 136

Table of Contents

Editorial Board for the Proceedings, 2005-6

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council for 2005-6

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2005-6

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Fluctuating settlement patterns in Bronze Age Sutherland: excavation of a roundhouse at Navidale, Helmsdale
Authors: Dunbar Lindsay , Ellis C , Engl R P , Hunter F , McLaren D , MacSween A , Vince A
Published: April 2023

Excavation of a well-preserved upstanding roundhouse revetted into a steep hillside at Navidale has revealed a structure with unusually sophisticated architectural traits dated to around 1400–1200 BC. The house was built within an agricultural landscape but its abandonment appears to have been linked to a cessation of agriculture within that landscape, possibly part of a wider environmental decline across northern Scotland.
Total excavation of a later prehistoric enclosure at Braehead, Glasgow
Authors: Ellis Clare , Anthony Iona , Breen Ann , Crone Anne , Dore John , Engl Rob , Hunter Fraser , McLaren Dawn , MacSween Ann , Madella Marco , Sanderson David , Vaughan-Williams Alys
Published: April 2023

Total excavation revealed a later prehistoric multi-ditched and multi-palisaded enclosure succeeded by unenclosed settlement. Despite the obvious investment of time and labour in the construction of the numerous palisades and three large concentric ditches episodic, seasonal use of the site is strongly indicated. Total artefact retrieval produced a cannel coal assemblage which has thrown light on the manufacture of the cannel coal bracelets so typical of later prehistoric sites in west-central Scotland.
Medieval archaeological features at Dunglass Burn, Borders Region, Scotland
Authors: Tipping Richard , Henderson D
Published: April 2023

An assemblage of small archaeological features from an eroding coastal section on the Dunglass Burn, near Cockburnspath, in south-east Scotland is described. The immediacy of the threat from coastal storms necessitated a salvage excavation of the features, and because this approach may be increasingly needed given the impacts of global climate change, this approach is evaluated. One component of the assemblage is a series of four small, well preserved wood charcoal accumulations resting on bedrock. A fragment of Corylus (hazel) from one accumulation is 14C dated to 1010–1190 cal AD. These are interpreted as beacon fires used to guide fishing boats landing on this rocky coast. The second component of the assemblage is a collection of large mammal bones, which includes both wild and domestic animals. Some bones have been worked by human beings. An antler of red deer (Cervus elaphus) is 14C dated to 980–1160 cal AD. The stratigraphic and dating controls indicate that the two components are contemporary but no clear causal link between the fires and thefaunal remains can be established. The absence of archaeological features after c 1100 cal AD may reflect abandonment through increasing numbers or impacts of coastal storms, demonstrated from the sediment stratigraphy, but equally this part of the coast may have ceased to be used because of its catastrophic inundation by flood sediments descending the burn.
Excavation of a beaker cist burial with meadowsweet at Home Farm, Udny Green, Aberdeenshire
Authors: Murray Hillary K , Shepherd Ian A G , Lamb C , Kerr N W , Davies Althea L , Jay Mandy , Tipping Richard , Mukherjee Anna J , Evershed Richard P , Richards Michael P
Published: April 2023

This paper summarizes the results of the rescue excavation of a short cist burial of a young male.Pollen and other analyses of residues in and immediately below the accompanying beaker suggestthat it had contained a drink, possibly milk, flavoured with meadowsweet and possibly containinghoney. Pollen analysis also revealed that the cist had been constructed within an open, farmedlandscape, probably not far from a settlement; wheat and perhaps barley had probably been grownvery near the cist. A radiocarbon date of 3795 ± 28 BP (2340–2130 cal BC) has been obtained fromthe skeleton. Isotopic analysis of the bones, undertaken as part of the Marischal Museum’s currentBeakers and Bodies Project, has revealed that the young man’s diet was, like that of other recentlyanalysed British Early Bronze Age skeletons, terrestrial.
Fragments of a 13th-century choir screen at Dundrennan Abbey
Authors: Markus Mary
Published: April 2023

The Cistercian Abbey at Dundrennan (NX747 474) has a very large collection of ex situ carved and moulded stones. While this collection was being catalogued (2003–6), a group of about 20 pieces, most of them of a substantial size, were found to be related and are now stored in one of the vaults along the west side of the cloisters at Dundrennan. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that these fragments came from a two-sided screen with miniature vaults and a processional doorway, to discuss sources and to date the screen.
Ceramic vessels associated with late 13th- to early 18th-century coin hoards
Authors: Dean Valerie E
Published: April 2023

An overview of a group of ceramic vessels which had contained coin hoards and which were found in Scotland since the late 18th century. The association with a tightly dated collection of coins is of value to ceramicists in that it can provide a date for the vessel itself.
'The original may yet be discovered': seven Bronze Age swords supposedly from Netherley, Kincardineshire
Authors: Curtis Neil G W
Published: April 2023

Among the leaf-shaped swords in the collections of the University of Aberdeen are three that have been recorded as having similar provenances in Kincardineshire. University museum records show that they have been described in very different ways over the two centuries since the first of them was reported as a ‘Roman gladius’. Since then discussion has varied, now focusing on whether they were made in the later Bronze Age or if they are recent replicas. Through a combination of metallurgical analysis and archival research, this paper untangles the stories of the swords. From what can now be shown to have been a single original sword, at least six copies were made; in addition to the two in the University, four reached the collections of other museums, making this perhaps the largest known group of 19th-century replica prehistoric metalwork from the British Isles. The history of these swords demonstrates changing attitudes of antiquarians and archaeologists to the distant past, particularly the shift from an interest in links to Roman invaders, founded in Classical sources, to the search for indigenous histories.
Prelims
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

Front matter for Volume 137

Table of Contents

Editorial Board for the Proceedings, 2006-7

Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Council for 2006-7

Patron and Honorary Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, 2006-7

Laws of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland
Sir Howard Colvin
Authors: Campbell Ian
Published: April 2023

Howard Montagu Colvin, Honorary Fellow of the Society since 1986, who died at the end of 2007 aged 88, more than any other individual, can take the credit for transforming architectural history in britain from the ‘hopelessly amateurish’ state it was in up to the 1930s into a recognised academic discipline.
Excavations at Garnhall on the line of the Antonine Wall
Authors: Woolliscroft David J
Published: April 2023

Excavations at Garnhall, Cumbernauld, revealed a number of features associated with a reasonably well-preserved section of the Antonine Wall. These included a series of pits on the berm between the Wall and its ditch, parts of a temporary camp, a stone platform attached to the Wall rampart back and what may be a Roman watch tower in an ideal position to act as an observation post and a signalling link between the Wall forts of Westerwood and Castlecary. The work was carried out by volunteers and students of the Universities of Manchester, Freiburg and Edinburgh, under the direction of the writer, assisted by Dr B Hoffmann.
Early stone emplacement in three Scottish ecclesiastical national monuments
Authors: Potter John F
Published: April 2023

The stonework at three well-known Scottish ecclesiastical buildings has been examined in detail. In each, the orientation of the bedding layers in individual stones in certain quoins and arch jambs, and in two instances the wall faces, indicate when these buildings were first erected. In England, the period of construction would have been described as Anglo-Saxon; in this paper the work is referred to as being of 'Patterned' style. On this evidence each building is ascribed to a particularly early origin.
Scottish external funerary metal plates
Authors: Thomson George
Published: April 2023

Small external funerary metal plates made before the middle of the 19th century are given littleattention or ignored in most studies of British gravemarkers. These hand-engraved artefacts arerelatively common in Gloucestershire, Cumbria and, to a lesser extent, in Yorkshire. Although usuallyreferred to as brasses, most of them are made from bronze alloy and exhibit both affinities with anddifferences from interior small brass memorials. They are uncommon elsewhere in England and areextremely rare in Scotland. This paper describes the nine Scottish plates so far found in Scotland,all but one in the far south of the country, together with details of the gravestones on which they aremounted. Special consideration is given to the lettering of the inscriptions as a possible indicator oftheir provenance. The reasons for the rarity of these artefacts in Scotland are discussed.
Curling medals with miniature stones
Authors: Smith David B
Published: April 2023

This paper describes a small group of exuberantly designed and skilfully executed medals which wereproduced between 1842 and 1858 as trophies in the game of curling. For much of the 19th century,the main trophy of the game was the medal, which was competed for annually, or as frequently asthe weather permitted. The winner, or winners then held the medal until the date of the next contest.These medals were not designed to be worn; they were to be displayed and admired rather like smallworks of art. This group is very unusual, in that miniature stones and various other implements ofthe game are set upon the obverse.
Annual Report for the year 1 July 2008 -31 May 2009
Authors: - -
Published: April 2023

At the Anniversary meeting the Annual Report was delivered covering topics such as Research grants, events, the activities of the Society and publications. The Treasurer also presented the Society’s Financial Review. A list of newly elected Fellows was read, and a list of deceased Fellows from 2008-2009 is included. New members of Council were then elected and the Presidential Address was delivered by Roger Mercer.
What Parents Should Know About Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Children
Authors: Touhy Patrick C. , Albertini Laurie W. , Thompson Lindsay A.
Published: April 2023

This Patient Page describes how children may develop iron-deficiency anemia and provides information on how to make sure children have enough iron in their bodies.
Multimodal investigation of melanopsin retinal ganglion cells in Alzheimer's disease
Authors: La Morgia Chiara , Mitolo Micaela , Romagnoli Martina , Stanzani Maserati Michelangelo , Evangelisti Stefania , De Matteis Maddalena , Capellari Sabina , Bianchini Claudio , Testa Claudia , Vandewalle Gilles , Santoro Aurelia , Carbonelli Michele , D'Agati Pietro , Filardi Marco , Avanzini Pietro , Barboni Piero , Zenesini Corrado , Baccari Flavia , Liguori Rocco , Tonon Caterina , Lodi Raffaele , Carelli Valerio
Published: April 2023

Objective

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the presence of circadian dysfunction is well‐known and may occur early in the disease course. The melanopsin retinal ganglion cell (mRGC) system may play a relevant role in contributing to circadian dysfunction. In this study, we aimed at evaluating, through a multimodal approach, the mRGC system in AD at an early stage of disease.

Methods

We included 29 mild–moderate AD (70.9 ± 11 years) and 26 (70.5 ± 8 years) control subjects. We performed an extensive neurophtalmological evaluation including optical coherence tomography with ganglion cell layer segmentation, actigraphic evaluation of the rest‐activity rhythm, chromatic pupillometry analyzed with a new data‐fitting approach, and brain functional MRI combined with light stimuli assessing the mRGC system.

Results

We demonstrated a significant thinning of the infero‐temporal sector of the ganglion cell layer in AD compared to controls. Moreover, we documented by actigraphy the presence of a circadian‐impaired AD subgroup. Overall, circadian measurements worsened by age. Chromatic pupillometry evaluation highlighted the presence of a pupil‐light response reduction in the rod condition pointing to mRGC dendropathy. Finally, brain fMRI showed a reduced occipital cortex activation with blue light particularly for the sustained responses.

Interpretation

Overall, the results of this multimodal innovative approach clearly document a dysfunctional mRGC system at early stages of disease as a relevant contributing factor for circadian impairment in AD providing also support to the use of light therapy in AD.
The correlation between intracranial arterial calcification and the outcome of reperfusion therapy
Authors: Du Heng , Zheng Jianrong , Li Xuelong , Bos Daniel , Yang Wenjie , Cheng Yajing , Liu Cong , Wong Lawrence Ka Sing , Hu Jun , Chen Xiangyan
Published: April 2023

Objective

Intracranial arterial calcification (IAC) is a risk factor of ischemic stroke. However, the relationship between IAC patterns and clinical outcome of ischemic stroke remains controversial. We aimed to investigate the correlation between IAC patterns and the effects of reperfusion therapy among acute stroke patients.

Methods

Consecutive acute ischemic stroke patients who underwent reperfusion therapy were included. IAC was categorized as intimal or medial. Based on its involvement, IAC was further classified as diffuse or focal. Neurologic dysfunction was assessed by the National Institute of Health stroke scale (NIHSS). Clinical outcome including favorable neurologic outcome (FNO) and early neurologic deterioration (END) were assessed.

Results

Of 130 patients, 117 had IAC. Intimal IAC was identified in 74.6% of patients and medial IAC was present in 64.6% of patients. Diffuse IAC was present in 31.5% of patients. All diffuse IACs were medial pattern. Diffuse IAC was associated with higher baseline NIHSS (p = 0.011) and less FNO (p = 0.047). Compared with patients with focal or single diffuse IAC, patients with multiple diffuse IAC had higher baseline NIHSS (p = 0.002) and less FNO (p = 0.024). Multivariable linear regression (p < 0.001) and logistic regression (p = 0.027) suggested that multiple diffuse IAC was associated with higher baseline NIHSS and less FNO. No significant association was found between END and different IAC patterns.

Interpretation

Multiple diffuse medial IAC may predict severer neurologic dysfunction and less favorable neurologic outcome after reperfusion therapy in acute stroke patients.
Health Equity Implications of Missing Data Among Youths With Childhood‐Onset Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Proof‐of‐Concept Study in the Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry
Authors: Woo Jennifer M. P. , Simmonds Faith , Dennos Anne , Son Mary Beth F. , Lewandowski Laura B. , Rubinstein Tamar B. ,   for the CARRA Registry investigators
Published: April 2023

Objective

Health disparities in childhood‐onset systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disproportionately impact marginalized populations. Socioeconomically patterned missing data can magnify existing health inequities by supporting inferences that may misrepresent populations of interest. Our objective was to assess missing data and subsequent health equity implications among participants with childhood‐onset SLE enrolled in a large pediatric rheumatology registry.

Methods

We evaluated co‐missingness of 12 variables representing demographics, socioeconomic position, and clinical factors (e.g., disease‐related indices) using Childhood Arthritis and Rheumatology Research Alliance Registry childhood‐onset SLE enrollment data (2015–2022; n = 766). We performed logistic regression to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for missing disease‐related indices at enrollment (Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index 2000 [SLEDAI‐2K] and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index [SDI]) associated with data missingness. We used linear regression to assess the association between socioeconomic factors and SLEDAI‐2K at enrollment using 3 analytic methods for missing data: complete case analysis, multiple imputation, and nonprobabilistic bias analyses, with missing values imputed to represent extreme low or high disadvantage.

Results

On average, participants were missing 6.2% of data, with over 50% of participants missing at least 1 variable. Missing data correlated most closely with variables within data categories (i.e., demographic). Government‐assisted health insurance was associated with missing SLEDAI‐2K and/or SDI scores compared to private health insurance (OR 2.04 [95% CI 1.22, 3.41]). The different analytic approaches resulted in varying analytic sample sizes and fundamentally conflicting estimated associations.

Conclusion

Our results support intentional evaluation of missing data to inform effect estimate interpretation and critical assessment of causal statements that might otherwise misrepresent health inequities.
Research on soil moisture content combination prediction model based on ARIMA and BP neural networks
Authors: Wang Guowei , Han Yingxin , Chang Jing
Published: April 2023

Predicting soil moisture accurately is the precondition of realizing accurate irrigation and improving the utilization rate of water resource and the necessary step of developing water‐saving agriculture, which can alleviate the water shortage in our agricultural effectively. In order to further improve the accuracy of soil water content prediction, a combined soil water content prediction model based on Autoregressive moving average model (ARIMA model) and back propagation neural network (BP neural network) neural network is proposed. The model considers the linear and nonlinear characteristics of soil water content data, combines them according to the characteristics of the model itself, gives full play to the advantages of ARIMA model and BP neural network. At the same time, two data smoothing methods were used to establish the ARIMA model, and the adaptive moment estimation algorithm (Adam algorithm) and mind evolutionary algorithm (MEA) optimization BP neural network model were used to propose an improved combined prediction model to predict soil water content data. The experimental results show that the average relative error of the improved combinatorial prediction model is 1.51%, which is 4.18%, 0.95% and 3.1% lower than the combinatorial prediction model, BP neural network model and ARIMA model, respectively, and the overall prediction effect is better, which can be used to save agricultural water and provide a strong basis for the development of water‐saving agriculture in China. At the same time, it can also ensure that crop production is increased and the purpose of national food security is guaranteed.
Anisotropic Interlayer Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya Interaction in Synthetic Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Sandwiches
Authors: Yun Jijun , Cui Baoshan , Cui Qirui , He Xiaodong , Chang Yuhan , Zhu YingMei , Yan Ze , Guo Xi , Xie Hongfei , Zhang Jianrong , Bai Qiaoning , Zhai Yongbo , Xu Hengyi , Zuo Yalu , Yang Dezheng , Jia Chenglong , Yu Guoqiang , Wu Hao , Yang Hongxin , Xue Desheng , Xi Li
Published: April 2023

The interfacial Dzyaloshinskii–Moriya interaction (DMI) in ferromagnetic/non‐magnetic‐metal bilayers is essential to stabilize chiral spin textures for potential applications. Recent works reveal that the interlayer DMI is beneficial to designing 3D chiral spin textures that possess fundamental importance and the associated technological promises. Here, the interlayer DM constants are determined quantitatively in synthetic ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic Pt/Co/Pt/Ru/Pt/Co/Ta structures. The results demonstrate that the interlayer DMI shows uniaxial anisotropic characteristics. The first‐principles calculations elucidate that the anisotropic interlayer DMI is induced by the in‐plane symmetry breaking along two high symmetric directions, which favors the magnetization of adjacent ferromagnetic layers canting in different directions. The anisotropic interlayer DMI is also confirmed by spin‐orbit torque driven asymmetric magnetization switching. Moreover, the interlayer DMI can be tuned by the Ru‐layer‐thickness and beneficial to designing 3D spin textures for future spintronic devices.
State of Charge Estimation for Lithium‐Ion Batteries Based on an Adaptive Fractional‐Order Cubature Kalman Filter
Authors: Chai Haoyu , Gao Zhe , Miao Yue , Jiao Zhiyuan
Published: April 2023

Based on the fractional‐order model (FOM), this paper proposes an adaptive fractional‐order cubature Kalman filter (AFCKF) method for state of charge (SOC) estimation of a lithium‐ion battery (LIB). Firstly, a FOM with two constant phase elements is built, which can accurately represent the dynamic features of a LIB with a higher accuracy. Secondly, the adaptive estimations of the coefficients in the measurement equation are achieved by a linear Kalman filter algorithm, which avoids the calculation of the relationship between the open‐circuit voltage and SOC. Thirdly, an augmented state equation including the SOC, the fractional‐orders and parameters in the FOM is investigated by introducing the augmented vector method, and the state information is estimated online via the AFCKF algorithm. The algorithm requires a little computational burden while ensuring the estimation accuracy and is well adapted to complex working conditions. Besides, this study fully considers the impact of noises on the estimation effect. To better overcome the disturbances caused by unknown noises and further improve the precision and stability of the algorithm, an adaptive estimation method of the noise covariance matrices is achieved. Finally, the experimental findings are given to reveal that the proposed method can be effectively used to different working conditions and the estimation accuracy is better than the adaptive integer‐order cubature Kalman filter.
CCR7 Mediated Mimetic Dendritic Cell Vaccine Homing in Lymph Node for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Therapy
Authors: Xu Jiabin , Liu Hong , Wang Tao , Wen Zhenfu , Chen Haolin , Yang Zeyu , Li Liyan , Yu Shan , Gao Siyong , Yang Le , Li Kan , Li Jingyuan , Li Xiang , Liu Lixin , Liao Guiqing , Chen Yongming , Liang Yujie
Published: April 2023

Immunotherapy has been recognized as one of the most promising treatment strategies for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). As a pioneering trend of immunotherapy, dendritic cell (DC) vaccines have displayed the ability to prime an immune response, while the insufficient immunogenicity and low lymph node (LN) targeting efficiency, resulted in an unsubstantiated therapeutic efficacy in clinical trials. Herein, a hybrid nanovaccine (Hy‐M‐Exo) is developed via fusing tumor‐derived exosome (TEX) and dendritic cell membrane vesicle (DCMV). The hybrid nanovaccine inherited the key protein for lymphatic homing, CCR7, from DCMV and demonstrated an enhanced efficiency of LN targeting. Meanwhile, the reserved tumor antigens and endogenous danger signals in the hybrid nanovaccine activated antigen presenting cells (APCs) elicited a robust T‐cell response. Moreover, the nanovaccine Hy‐M‐Exo displayed good therapeutic efficacy in a mouse model of HNSCC. These results indicated that Hy‐M‐Exo is of high clinical value to serve as a feasible strategy for antitumor immunotherapy.
A Cobalt‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework Nanosheet as the Electrode for High‐Performance Asymmetric Supercapacitor
Authors: Liu Qian , Guo Zengqi , Wang Cong , Guo Su , Xu Zhiwei , Hu Chenguang , Liu Yujing , Wang Yalei , He Jun , Wong Wai‐Yeung
Published: April 2023

Inspired by the significant advantages of the bottom‐up synthesis whose structures and functionalities can be customized by the selection of molecular components, a 2D metal‐organic framework (MOF) nanosheet Co‐BTB‐LB has been synthesized by a liquid–liquid interface‐assisted method. The as‐prepared Co‐BTB‐LB is identified by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM/EDX) and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and the sheet‐like structure is verified by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Co‐BTB‐LB electrode exhibits an excellent capacity of 4969.3 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and good cycling stability with 75% capacity retention after 1000 cycles. The asymmetric supercapacitor device with Co‐BTB‐LB as the positive electrode shows a maximum energy density of 150.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 1619.2 W kg−1 and good cycling stability with a capacitance retention of 97.1% after 10000 cycles. This represents a state‐of‐the‐art performance reported for asymmetric supercapacitor device using electroactive bottom‐up metal‐complex nanosheet, which will clearly lead to a significant expansion of the applicability of this type of 2D nanomaterials.
Physics‐Informed Deep‐Learning For Elasticity: Forward, Inverse, and Mixed Problems
Authors: Chen Chun‐Teh , Gu Grace X.
Published: April 2023

Elastography is a medical imaging technique used to measure the elasticity of tissues by comparing ultrasound signals before and after a light compression. The lateral resolution of ultrasound is much inferior to the axial resolution. Current elastography methods generally require both axial and lateral displacement components, making them less effective for clinical applications. Additionally, these methods often rely on the assumption of material incompressibility, which can lead to inaccurate elasticity reconstruction as no materials are truly incompressible. To address these challenges, a new physics‐informed deep‐learning method for elastography is proposed. This new method integrates a displacement network and an elasticity network to reconstruct the Young's modulus field of a heterogeneous object based on only a measured axial displacement field. It also allows for the removal of the assumption of material incompressibility, enabling the reconstruction of both Young's modulus and Poisson's ratio fields simultaneously. The authors demonstrate that using multiple measurements can mitigate the potential error introduced by the “eggshell” effect, in which the presence of stiff material prevents the generation of strain in soft material. These improvements make this new method a valuable tool for a wide range of applications in medical imaging, materials characterization, and beyond.
Spotlight on Nerves: Portable Multispectral Optoacoustic Imaging of Peripheral Nerve Vascularization and Morphology
Authors: Jüstel Dominik , Irl Hedwig , Hinterwimmer Florian , Dehner Christoph , Simson Walter , Navab Nassir , Schneider Gerhard , Ntziachristos Vasilis
Published: April 2023

Various morphological and functional parameters of peripheral nerves and their vascular supply are indicative of pathological changes due to injury or disease. Based on recent improvements in optoacoustic image quality, the ability of multispectral optoacoustic tomography, to investigate the vascular environment and morphology of peripheral nerves is explored in vivo in a pilot study on healthy volunteers in tandem with ultrasound imaging (OPUS). The unique ability of optoacoustic imaging to visualize the vasa nervorum by observing intraneural vessels in healthy nerves is showcased in vivo for the first time. In addition, it is demonstrated that the label‐free spectral optoacoustic contrast of the perfused connective tissue of peripheral nerves can be linked to the endogenous contrast of hemoglobin and collagen. Metrics are introduced to analyze the composition of tissue based on its optoacoustic contrast and show that the high‐resolution spectral contrast reveals specific differences between nervous tissue and reference tissue in the nerve's surrounding. How this showcased extraction of peripheral nerve characteristics using multispectral optoacoustic and ultrasound imaging could offer new insights into the pathophysiology of nerve damage and neuropathies, for example, in the context of diabetes is discussed.
Origin of Topological Hall‐Like Feature in Epitaxial SrRuO3 Thin Films
Authors: Roy Pinku , Carr Adra , Zhou Tao , Paudel Binod , Wang Xuejing , Chen Di , Kang Kyeong Tae , Pateras Anastasios , Corey Zachary , Lin Shizeng , Zhu Jian‐Xin , Holt Martin V. , Yoo Jinkyoung , Zapf Vivien , Zeng Hao , Ronning Filip , Jia Quanxi , Chen Aiping
Published: April 2023

The discovery of topological Hall effect (THE) has important implications for next‐generation high‐density nonvolatile memories, energy‐efficient nanoelectronics, and spintronic devices. Both real‐space topological spin configurations and two anomalous Hall effects (AHE) with opposite polarity due to two magnetic phases have been proposed for THE‐like feature in SrRuO3 (SRO) films. In this work, SRO thin films with and without THE‐like features are systematically Investigated to decipher the origin of the THE feature. Magnetic measurement reveals the coexistence of two magnetic phases of different coercivity (Hc) in both the films, but the hump feature cannot be explained by the two channel AHE model based on these two magnetic phases. In fact, the AHE is mainly governed by the magnetic phase with higher Hc. A diffusive Berry phase transition model is proposed to explain the THE feature. The coexistence of two Berry phases with opposite signs over a narrow temperature range in the high Hc magnetic phase can explain the THE like feature. Such a coexistence of two Berry phases is due to the strong local structural tilt and microstructure variation in the thinner films. This work provides an insight between structure/micro structure and THE like features in SRO epitaxial thin films.
Contact/Noncontact‐Mode Thermoelectric Characteristics of Polytriarylamine/Lewis Acid Complex Films in Horizontal Device Geometry
Authors: Lee Woongki , Kim Hwajeong , Kim Youngkyoo
Published: April 2023

Herein, the thermoelectric characteristics of polytriarylamine‐Lewis acid complex films were investigated by employing a horizontal device structure. Poly[N,N′‐bis(4‐butylphenyl)‐N,N′‐bis(phenyl)benzidine] (PolyTPD) is doped with tris(pentafluorophenyl)borane (BCF) via Lewis acid–base reactions by varying the BCF molar ratio (0–300 mol%). The resulting PolyTPD:BCF films are spun on glass substrates and silver electrodes are deposited leading to the horizontal type of organic thermoelectric devices (OTEDs). The OTEDs with the PolyTPD:BCF films are examined by varying temperature differences up to 45 K between two silver electrodes directly contacting hot/cold sources. Both device current and voltage are proportionally increased with the temperature difference, leading to higher powers at larger temperature differences, irrespective of BCF molar ratio. However, the highest current is achieved at 50 mol% owing to the highest electrical conductivity, even though the device voltage is slightly lower at 50 than 20 mol%. The origin of high electrical conductivity is assigned to the formation of radical cations in PolyTPD chains by BCF doping, which is influenced by the reaction time. The device current can be also generated by the illumination of IR radiation (noncontact mode) that is away from the OTEDs with the PolyTPD:BCF films.
Comparative gastrointestinal organ lengths among Amazonian primates (Primates: Platyrrhini)
Authors: Jesus Anamélia de Souza , El Bizri Hani R. , Fa Julia E. , Valsecchi João , Rabelo Rafael Magalhães , Mayor Pedro
Published: April 2023

Objectives

The morphological features of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in mammals reflect a species' food niche breadth and dietary adaptations. For many wild mammals, the relationship between the structure of the GIT and diet is still poorly understood, for example, the GIT for frugivorous primates is usually classified as unspecialized and homogeneous. Here, we compare the GIT structure of 13 primate species from the three families of extant platyrrhines (Atelidae, Pitheciidae, and Cebidae) in Amazonia, and discuss possible evolutionary adaptations to different diets and trophic niches.

Methods

We measured the length of the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, cecum, colon, and rectum of the digestive tracts of 289 primate specimens. We determined the allometric relationships of the different tubular organs with the total length of the GIT as a proxy of specimen body size. Allometric parameters were used to establish the quotients of differentiation of every organ for each primate specimen.

Results

There was a high differentiation in structure of the digestive organs among genera. Alouatta specimens clearly separated from the other genera based on dissimilarities in gastric, colonic, and rectal quotients, likely linked to the fermentation of plant contents. In contrast, all cebines (Sapajus, Cebus, and Saimiri) and Cacajao species had similar small intestine quotients, which is expected due to their high rates of animal matter consumed.

Conclusions

We show that diverse adaptations in digestive structure exist among frugivorous primates, which in turn reflect different dietary patterns within this group that may enable the geographic coexistence of different primate species.
Characteristic Features of Gravitational Wave Lensing as Probe of Lens Mass Model
Authors: Cremonese Paolo , Mota David Fonseca , Salzano Vincenzo
Published: April 2023

To recognize gravitational wave lensing events and being able to differentiate between similar lens models will be of crucial importance once one will be observing several lensing events of gravitational waves per year. In this work, the lensing of gravitational waves is studied in the context of LISA sources and wave‐optics regime. While different papers before the studied microlensing effects enhanced by simultaneous strong lensing, the focus is on frequency (time) dependent phase effects produced by one lens that will be visible with only one lensed signal. It is shows how, in the interference regime (i.e., when interference patterns are present in the lensed image), one is able to i) distinguish a lensed waveform from an unlensed one, and ii) differentiate between different lens models. In pure wave‐optics, on the other hand, the feasibility of the study depends on the signal‐to‐noise ratio of the signal and/or the amplitude of the lensing effect. To achieve these goals, the phase of the amplification factor of the different lens models and its effect on the unlensed waveform is studied, and the signal‐to‐noise calculation to provide some quantitative examples is exploited.
Decentralized linear–quadratic–Gaussian control of networked control systems with asymmetric information
Authors: Wang Na , Liang Xiao , Wang Haixia , Zhang Qiyan , Lu Xiao
Published: April 2023

The decentralized linear–quadratic–Gaussian (LQG) control problem for networked control systems (NCSs) with asymmetric information is investigated, where controller 1 shares its historical information with controller 2, and not vice versa. The asymmetry of the information structure leads to the coupling between controller 2 and estimator 1, and hence the classical separation principle fails. Through the assumption of linear control strategy, the coupling between controller 2 and estimator 1 (CCE) is decoupled, but the estimation gain is still coupled with the control gain. It is noted that the control gain conforms to the backward Riccati equation while estimation gain abides by the forward equation, which is computationally challenging. Applying the stochastic maximum principle, the solvability of the decentralized LQG control problem is reduced to that of corresponding forward and backward stochastic difference equations (FBSDEs). Further, necessary and sufficient conditions for the solvability of optimal control problem are presented by two Riccati equations, one of which is nonsymmetric. Moreover, a novel iterative forward method is proposed to calculate the coupled backward control gain and forward estimation gain.
Synthesis and structure activity relationship studies of 2‐amino‐4‐arylsulfonyl‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinazolines as 5‐HT6 receptor antagonists
Authors: Shim Young Sun , Lee Yeyong , Wang Hyun Jung , Tae Jinsung , Park Jonghyun , Choo Hyunah , Rhim Hyewhon , Nam Ghilsoo
Published: April 2023

A novel series of 4‐arylthio‐ or 4‐arylsulfonyl‐substituted 2‐amino‐5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquiazolines was synthesized and evaluated for serotonin receptor subtype 6 (5‐HT6R) antagonistic effects in vitro. The structure activity relationships (SAR) of this series were discussed on the basis of in vitro activity. Among the derivatives synthesized in the present study, the lead compound, 7a, having sulfonyl functionality at the 4‐position and N‐methylpiperazine at the 2‐position of the core structure showed the most potent 5‐HT6 receptor inhibitory activity in vitro and good metabolic stability without CYP liability.
Green resource orchestration: A critical appraisal of the use of resource orchestration in environmental management research, and a research agenda for future study
Authors: Andersén Jim
Published: April 2023

Resource orchestration (RO) is a strategic management framework that details various processes by which how firms structure, bundle, and leverage resources. This study reviews how RO has been considered in environmental management research. The review highlights some limitations on how RO has been used in studies on environmental management, and it also illustrates a lack of knowledge accumulation in the field. To realize the full potential of RO, the concept of green RO is developed. Green RO (GRO) is defined as a firm's capability to coordinate and manage the structuring of resources and the bundling and leveraging of capabilities to create economic value for the company while simultaneously creating environmental benefits. Three main research areas for GRO are described: GRO as an organizational or managerial meta‐capability, management of specific GRO processes, and the synchronization of several GRO processes.
Risk factors for mortality in fulminant acute necrotizing encephalopathy following influenza A in an adolescent boy
Authors: Khosroshahi Nahideh , Rezaei Darya , Emami Farnoosh , Eftekhari Kambiz
Published: April 2023

Key clinical Message

Acknowledging the risk factors of mortality and morbidity of each disease is effective for its final outcome. Recognizing these cases can have the value of preventing the occurrence of unfortunate events, such as not recommending the use diclofenac in an influenza epidemic.
Fetal hypertrophic cardiomyopathy with elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA PSV): A potentially grim association
Authors: Keller Nathan A. , Bracero Luis A. , Kouba Insaf , Talwar Rohit , Blitz Matthew J.
Published: April 2023

Key Clinical Message

An elevated middle cerebral artery peak systolic velocity (MCA PSV) in the setting of nondiabetic hypertrophic cardiomyopathy may portend an especially poor prognosis.
Identification of immune‐related genes contributing to head and neck squamous cell carcinoma development using weighted gene co‐expression network analysis
Authors: Guo Qiaojuan , Lu Tianzhu , Xu Hanchuan , Luo Qingfeng , Liu Zhiliang , Jiang Sicong , Pan Jianji , Lin Shaojun , Lin Mengyao , Guo Fang
Published: April 2023

Background

This study aimed to identify genes related to the degree of immune cell infiltration in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), explore their new biological functions, and evaluate their diagnostic and prognostic value in HNSCC.

Methods

Transcriptomic data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) HNSCC dataset was used to screen differentially expressed genes between tumors and normal tissues, followed by weighted correlation network analysis (WGCNA) to identify immune‐related modules. Differential gene expression, immune cell infiltration, and survival analyses were performed to screen key genes. The expression of these key genes was validated in Oncomine and gene expression omnibus (GEO) datasets and by immunohistochemistry (IHC).

Results

1869 and 1578 genes were significantly upregulated and downregulated in HNSCC. WGCNA showed that the brown module was associated with the most significant number of immune‐related genes. PPI network analysis demonstrated that PPL, SCEL, KRT4, KRT24, KRT78, KRT13, SPRR3, TGM3, CRCT1, and CRNN were key components in the brown module. Furthermore, the expression levels of KRT4, KRT78, KRT13, and SPRR3 in HNSCC correlated with infiltration levels of CD8+ T cells and macrophages. Survival analyses revealed that the expression of KRT78, KRT13, and SPRR3 in HNSCC correlated with overall survival (OS). The IHC assay indicated that KRT13 (p = .042), KRT78 (p < .001), and SPRR3 (p = .022) protein expression levels in HNSCC were significantly lower than in normal tissues. Analysis of GSE65858 and GSE41613 datasets showed that a worse OS was associated with low expression of KRT78 (p = .0086, and p = .005) and SPRR3 (p = .017, and p = .02).

Conclusions

Our findings suggest that KRT4, KRT78, KRT13, and SPRR3 are related to the occurrence and development of HNSCC. Importantly, KRT78 and SPRR3 might serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers of HNSCC.
A novel blockchain tumbling scalability framework in a bitcoin network
Authors: Pathan Summiya A. , Shariff Noorullah
Published: April 2023

Bitcoin is a decentralized digital currency system that uses a distributed data structure called blockchain, a log that lists all transaction details accomplished with the currency. The bitcoin network delivers a promising infrastructure for one who makes use of e‐currency in e‐commerce. However, the transaction of bitcoin is highly suffered with some scalability issues that could not be overwhelmed with the prior methodologies. Hence, a novel scalability blockchain tumbling framework is proposed to tackle the scalability issues in which a rake interior blockchain etiquette is designed to increase the number of bitcoin transactions in which peer faction algorithm groups blocks that reduces propagation delay and ravenous algorithm ensure higher credibility of transaction with tamper resistant. However, transaction size of the record is high hence, to manage transaction record a novel batch payment into one transaction approach is utilized to limit the size of the transaction records by initiating a precise block using block summing‐up and chagrin algorithms that collects all trust information about blocks. Thus the proposed framework attains 550 bitcoin transaction within 2 min and latency of proposed model is reduced below 60 s.
A novel hybrid meta‐heuristic‐oriented latency sensitive cloud object storage system
Authors: Nataraj N. , Nataraj R. V.
Published: April 2023

Cloud providers must find out how to properly arrange data in a limited count of servers while ensuring latency assurances to reduce total storage expenses. Timeout is also important to consider because it has a substantial impact on response latency. The core aim of this task is to implement a new cloud object storage system strategy that handles challenges like “latency‐sensitive data allocation, latency‐sensitive data re‐allocation, and latency‐sensitive workload consolidation.” The main contribution here is that distributing the latency of the cloud object storage system allows for better data allocation, data reallocation, and workload consolidation. The primary aim is to use the fewest number of servers feasible to fulfill all requests while maintaining their latency requirements, lowering the overall data transmission cost. As a consequence, Whale Butterfly Optimization Method (WBOA) is a novel hybrid meta‐heuristic algorithm that solves NP‐hard problems by combining baseline advanced algorithms. The simulation outcomes reveal that the offered paradigm consistently provides the greatest outcomes regarding throughput utilization, lower latency, higher storage, and number of used nodes when compared to competing techniques.
Uncertainty‐aware structural damage warning system using deep variational composite neural networks
Authors: Eltouny Kareem A. , Liang Xiao
Published: April 2023

Structural health monitoring (SHM) is, without a doubt, one of the most important assets for building resilient communities. The vast and rapidly advancing research in data science and machine learning has provided researchers in the civil engineering community with various tools that can facilitate the processing of significant amounts of gathered data. However, deep learning models are prone to mistakes, and with the catastrophic consequences that can happen due to damage misidentification, damage diagnosis models’ predictions should not be taken for granted. In this study, we present an uncertainty‐aware early‐warning system that can provide near real‐time SHM. The system utilizes a deep composite encoder‐decoder network that combines elements from convolutional neural networks, recurrent neural networks, and variational inference (VI) to provide damage index distributions. The framework can detect anomalies in the structural system during seismic events and provide a measure of uncertainty that can be used to question the model's predictions. To assess the system's validity and practicality, we apply our proposal to three real structures, two of which suffered damage during the 1994 Northridge earthquake. We found that the early warning system delivers an accurate, yet cautious, continuous monitoring that is capable of sending warning signals when damage occurs in the course of seismic events. Source code is available at: https://github.com/keltouny/VSCAN.