bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Serum Potassium Levels and Adverse Outcomes in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
Authors: Abbas Rizwan , Nazar Tazeen , Aziz Bilal , Saeed Furqan , Nawaz Kashif , Nabeel Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the effect of serum potassium levels on short term mortality outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Methods: This Descriptive Case Series was conducted in the CCU of Mayo Hospital Lahore from 15th November, 2017 to 15th May, 2018. A total of 156 patients of either sex between the age group of 30-60 years and diagnosed as cases of myocardial infarction with symptoms of less than 24 hours duration and serum potassium level of <3.5 mEq/L were included in the study. Patients were then followed up for 7 days and adverse outcome was recorded. Data was analyzed using computer software SPSS Version 22.0. Results: Out of the 156 patients, 119 (76.3%) were males and 37 (23.7%) were females. Mean age of the patients was 47.88±6.24 years, mean weight 85.31±13.14 Kg, mean duration of presenting complaints was 10.269±4.51 hours and mean Serum Potassium levels were 3.05±0.25 mEq/L. Adverse outcome in the form of mortality due to arrhythmias was seen in 15 (9.6%) patients. Conclusion: Low serum potassium level (<3.5mEq/L/L) was significantly associated with increased adverse outcome in acute myocardial infarction patients. Keywords: Acute myocardial infarction, Low serum potassium levels, Adverse outcome How to cite: Abbas R., Nazar T, Aziz B., Saeed F., Nawaz K., Nabeel M. serum potassium levels and adverse outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Esculapio 2021;17(01):5-8
Discontinuation of Tuberculosis Treatment in Co-Infected TB with HIV
Authors: Usman Umer , Saqib Muhammad , Chaudhary Aneela
Published: April 2021

Objective: To determine the factors for discontinuation of TB medication in patient with TB/HIV co- infection. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted in department of pulmonology DHQ hospital, Faisalabad. We analyze the reasons that lead to co-infected TB/HIV patients to discontinue TB medication and to find out the action of health team. Forty-five professionals participated in the study who serves patients with TB/HIV comorbidity. All patients were informed about the procedure. Result: After compiling the results, it was noted that low socioeconomic conditions, lack of information about the disease, possible side effects are frequent reasons leading to discontinuation. Conclusion: Global progress in implementation of TB/HIV activities is encouraging but still limited and late. The need of the hour is to strengthen the existing strategies to overcome the current issues. Keywords: Tuberculosis. Endemic diseases. Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Patient's refusal to treatment. Patient care team. How to cite: Usman U., Musharaf S.M., Chaudhary A., Discontinuation of Tuberculosis Treatment in Co-Infected TB with HIV. Esculapio 2021;17(01):60-64
Stress, Resilience and Moral Distress among Health Care Providers During COVID-19 Pandemic
Authors:   ,1 ,2 ,3 ,4,5 6, Latif Ahmed , Yaqub Sobia , Anwar Dar Qudsia , Sultan Awan Umer , Farhat Hina , Abbas Khokhar Muhammad
Published: April 2021

Objective: This study aims to determine level of stress, resilience and moral distress among health care providers during covid-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study performed using an online questionnaire. Data was collected from Health Care Providers, working in various tertiary care hospitals of Lahore, using an online questionnaire. Perceived stress scale (PSS), Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC 10) and Moral Distress Thermometer were used to determine level of stress, resilience and moral stress respectively among the HCPs. Scores on the PSS can range from 0 to 40 with scores of 0-13, 14-26 and 27-40 being considered as low, moderate and high stress respectively. The Moral Distress Thermometer has scores ranging from 0-10 with value of ≥4 considered high. Data was analyzed using SPSS version.23.Descriptive variables were reported as means and frequencies. Intergroup analysis was done using Chi square test with p<0.05 taken as significant. Results: A total of 278 (n=278) HCPs participated in study. According to the PSS (Perceived Stress Scale) scores, 5.03% (14) reported low, 86.69% (241) moderate and 8.27% (23) high stress levels. The mean stress score is 21.56+/-4.32. Providing patient care (mean = 2.28+/-1.15 SD) and transmitting infection to others (mean = 3.02+/-1.10 SD) were deemed major causes of stress. The mean CD-RISC score was 23.14+/-7.81 SD. Only 10.8% (30) had a score of ≥ 32. The mean Moral Distress score was 4.2+/-2.98 SD, with 53.2% (149) participants reporting high Moral distress (score ≥4). Conclusion: The high level of stress among HCPs during COVID-19 pandemic highlights the need of urgent measures to overcome this psychological issue which if left un-addressed can affect performance of HCPs. Key Words: Stress, Resilience, HCPs How to cite: Latif A., Yaqub S., Dar A.Q., Awan S.U., Farhat Hina., Khokhar A.M., Stress, Resilience and Moral Distress among Health care Providers during COVID-19 pandemic. Esculapio 2021;17 (01):79-82
DEVELOPMENT OF AL T OF ALGORITHM OF OPTIMUM CON THM OF OPTIMUM CONTROL BY MULTIDIMEN-SION TIDIMEN-SIONAL DISCRE AL DISCRETE DYNAMIC OBJEC AMIC OBJECTS BY QUICK Y QUICK CRITERIA
Authors: Siddikov I , Atajonov M
Published: April 2021

The article deals with the development of a synthesis algorithm in the sense of the optimal control of multidimensional dynamic objects by the criterion of speed. To solve this problem, we propose a modified method based on the representation of a discrete system in the form of a space of state variables and using the theorem on N-intervals. When determining the values of control actions, it is proposed to use the values of predicted errors that allow improving the quality of the control process and will provide high accuracy of calculation of control actions.
Pengembangan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Komputer Berorientasi Model Drills And Pratice
Authors: Darman  , Hasnawati
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kelayakan media pembelajaran berbasis komputer berorientasi model drills and practice sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran oleh guru dan siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan model pengembangan Lee & Owens yang terdiri dari 4 langkah yaitu analisis, desain, implementasi dan pengembangan, dan evaluasi. Penelitian ini dilaksakan di SMP Negeri 5 Kendari. Subjek penelitian ini sebanyak 37 orang, yang terdiri dari 4 orang untuk validasi media, 4 orang guru IPA Terpadu untuk validasi materi, dan 29 orang siswa untuk uji implementasi media. Berdasarkan hasil uji validasi kelayakan yang dilakukan, ditemukan informasi bahwa hasil uji kelayakan media sebesar 78,40% yang terkategori sangat layak, hasil uji kelayakan materi sebesar 75,69% yang terkategori layak, dan hasil uji implementasi sebesar 77,93% yang terkategori sangat layak. hasil terebut menunjukkan bahwa media pembelajaran berbasis komputer berorientasi model drills and practice materi IPA terpadu sangat layak digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran di SMP Negeri 5 Kendari.
Aplikasi ISO (Informasi Spesialite Obat) Indonesia Berbasis Web Menggunakan Metode Pencarian Binary Search
Authors: Fajriani Alfiah
Published: April 2021

Penyediaan informasi tentang obat merupakan komponen penting yang sangat diperlukan dalam peningkatan kesehatan. Ketersediaan informasi obat itu telah terangkum dalam ISO (Informasi Spesialite Obat) meliputi informasi kandungan, indikasi, kontra indikasi, dosis, kemasan, dan lain-lain serta persamaan obat yang dapat ditemukan. Akan tetapi bagi masyarakat khususnya pasien tidak memanfaatkan dengan baik dimana tidak awamnya masyarakat akan ISO dan disamping itu bentuk penyediaan informasinya yang hanya berupa kamus. Sehingga dengan pembuatan aplikasi ISO dapat menampilkan secara efektif kepada masyarakat dan profesional medis dalam mendapatkan informasi obat dan persamaan kandungan obat yang diperlukan. Pemanfaatan media internet digunakan untuk memberikan kemudahan akses bagi masyarakat luas. Metode pencarian yang diterapkan untuk melakukan pencarian obat dalam aplikasi ini adalah metode binary search. Pengujian waktu pencarian biner yang dibandingkan dengan query menghasilkan bahwa pencarian menggunakan query lebih cepat dibandingkan menggunakan binary search. Hasil pengujian juga menunjukkan perbedaan waktu pencarian berdasarkan kata atau karakter yang dimasukkan baik itu menggunakan pencarian biner maupun menggunakan query dimana waktu pencarian dengan masukkan 1 huruf saja membutuhkan waktu lebih lama dibanding dengan memasukkan dengan tepat nama obat yang dicari.
Pengembangan Mobile Learning Berbasis Android Menggunakan Articulate Storyline 3 Di Sekolah Dasar
Authors: Razilu Zila
Published: April 2021

Observasi awal yang dilakukan di SD Negeri 10 Mandonga ditemukan informasi bahwa guru yang mengajar mata pelajaran komputer belum menggunakan mobile learning. Media yang digunakan adalah media berbasis komputer berupa power point yang digunakan dalam pembelajaran. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengembangkan media pembelajaran dengan menggunakan aplikasi articulate storiline 3 pada mata pelajaran komputer di sekolah dasar kelas V. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian pengembangan (research and development). Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa kelas V SD Negeri 10 Mandonga yaitu 20 siswa. Teknik pengambilan data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah angket, dokumentasi, dan observasi. hasil uji validasi oleh ahli media pembelajaran diperoleh persentase sebesar 81,5% yang berarti terkategori layak. Penilaian dari ahli materi diperoleh persentase sebesar 86,36% yang berarti masuk dalam kategori sangat layak digunakan. Penilaian dari 20 orang siswa kelas V SD Negeri 10 Mandonga diperoleh persentase rata-rata sebesar 94,54% yang berarti masuk dalam kategori sangat layak digunakan. Hasil uji ini menunjukkan bahwa pengembangan mobile learning menggunakan articulate storyline 3 pada mata pelajaran komputer di SD Negeri 10 Mandonga terkategori sangat layak untuk digunakan dalam pembelajaran.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Dengan Media Pembelajaran Komputer Fisika Kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Napabalano Kabupaten Muna
Authors: Samusu
Published: April 2021

Tujuan penelitiaan ini adalah pengaruh penggunaan media ajar dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar fisika kelas X SMA Negeri 1 Napabalano Kabupaten Muna. Penelitiaan dilaksanakan pada bulan oktober s/d Desember 2020 di SMA Negeri 1 Napabalano Kabupaten Muna. Jenis penelitian yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini meliputi data hasil belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian yang diperoleh menyimpulkan bahwa pengaruh penerapan media pembelajaran komputer dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Napabalano Kabupaten Muna yaitu penggunaan media ajar berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Napabalano. Artinya jika skor penggunaan media ajar meningkat maka hasil belajar siswa kelas X di SMAN 1 Napabalano juga meningkat.
ENHANCING STUDENTS’ TRANSLATION WORKS: A CASE FOR TRANSLATION TEACHING
Authors: Gustini Ani , Baihaqi Akhmad
Published: April 2021

This current study is aiming to investigate the enhancement of students’ translation works of both process and result served by the Student Teams Achievement Division as a learning technique. The study was managed in one private university in Banten Province, Indonesia. Classroom action research was used as a method, and 15 students participated in the study as the subject of the research. The data collecting technique was triangulated by using observation, test, and documentation. The result proves that Student Teams Achievement Division may help students to work cooperatively; they can share and discuss the learning material; then, they can support each other. The results also prove that the average score of pre-cycle is 72 while after Student Teams Achievement Division implementation it improves to 81 in cycle I and 85 in cycle II. Both are categorized as Very Good Translation results. Therefore, it proves that Student Teams Achievement Division can significantly enhance students’ translation works of both process and result, and it can be served as an alternative way in teaching and learning translation.
LEARNING MANAGEMENT OF ISLAMIC CLASSIC BOOKS: A CASE STUDY AT ASY SIFA ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL
Authors: Nurhakim Muhamad Syara , Budi Asep
Published: April 2021

This research is motivated by the lack of learning methods applied to the yellow book learning. The purpose of this study is to determine the planning, implementation, and evaluation of the Islamic classic book, known also as Kitab Kuning. The research method used a qualitative research method. The data collection techniques used observation analysis, interview, and documentation study. The results of the research based on direct observation, documentation and interviews with clerics, teaching boards, administrative staff and santri administrators can be summarized as follows: Planning for learning the Islamic classic book at Pondok Asy Syifa is rooted in kiyai's thinking about the Islamic classic book learning levels due to the absence of a clear lesson plan at the Pondok Asy Syifa. Salafiyah are rooted in the abilities of the santris (students) themselves. The teaching and learning process is carried out every day except Thursday and Friday, the learning of the Islamic classic book is carried out by the teacher/ustadz delivering the subject matter using the method of delivering sorogan, bandongan and rote material. Learning evaluation uses formative evaluation, namely an assessment in the form of nadhaman memorization that is carried out before learning takes place and summative evaluation.
STUDENTS’ ATTITUDE IN LEARNING ISLAMIC EDUCATION COURSE THROUGH VALUES CHARACTER HABITUATION
Authors: Imtihanudin Dede , Mariana Ria
Published: April 2021

The purpose of this study is to determine how character education can provide implications for student attitudes changing at the Islamic education learning at SDIT Widya Cendekia Serang. The population in this study were students of SDIT Widya Cendekia Serang at 6th year class. The technique of data collecting in this study are observation, interview, and documentation. The data used in this research are primary data, data collected directly by researchers by making direct observations and interviews with lecturer. The results of the study state that habituation in instilling character values ​​can cause changes in students' attitudes in learning Islamic Education. Among the characters are: trustful, fond of good deeds, anticipatory, disciplined, hard working, responsible, sincere, honest, independent, and diligent.
THE USE OF ONLINE LEARNING MEDIA TO IMPROVE STUDENTS' CREATIVE THINKING ABILITY DURING COVID 19 PANDEMIC
Authors: Hidayatullah Agus
Published: April 2021

The government's policy to stop the Covid-19 pandemic has a huge impact on the education system in Indonesia. The teaching and learning process should not be done in class directly as usual but must be carried out by a distance learning process or online learning. The massive development of science and technology emphasizes students especially to be able to improve their performances. One aspect here is the ability to think creatively. The online learning requires students to think creatively about how to run the learning process effectively. The effectiveness of online learning really considered so that students can comprehend the material as well as offline learning. The purpose of this research is to find out and understand how the effectiveness of online learning using the Zoom Meeting application. This study uses a qualitative method. The data collection technique was carried out by interviewing via Google Form and Whatsapp to third semester classes in the Islamic Education Department of STAI Syekh Manshur Pandeglang. By using online learning, it encourages students to be more active in their learning processes. Many features in Zoom Meeting make learning process more interesting. In addition, the learning materials conveyed by the lecturers can be grasped by the students.
EDUCAÇÃO SOCIAL COMO INSTRUMENTO DE HUMANIZAÇÃO PARA APRENDIZAGEM NO PROGRAMA DE CAPACITAÇÃO PROFISSIONAL
Authors: Farias Júnior Artur Alves , Andrade Ruth Sales Gama de
Published: April 2021

Dentro da proposta pedagógica da Sala de Extensão PROPEX, ligada à Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Extensão (PROPEX), no Campus Aracaju, do Instituto Federal de Sergipe (IFS), desde o início de 2016, a multidisciplinaridade é ferramenta fundamental para o enriquecimento da formação acadêmica e cidadã da comunidade interna e externa da instituição. Para a programação de 2017, o Programa de Capacitação Profissional (PCP) surge como leitura mais subjetiva e humanizada, baseando-se no tripé: segurança do trabalho, meio ambiente e saúde e, ainda, em conceitos de Educação Social para suporte da metodologia dos cursos oferecidos. Como opções, tem-se os cursos de NR 20 / Frentista de Postos Combustíveis e de Atendente de Farmácia.  Deste modo, vê-se o PCP não só como um conjunto de cursos profissionalizantes, mas também como facilitador de aprendizagem ao propor conexões com temas cidadãos para o empoderamento do indivíduo e assim melhor prepará-lo para o mercado de trabalho. Nessa perspectiva, o presente trabalho propõe possibilitar a conexão do caráter reprodutivista de ensino de cursos de capacitação com o olhar humanizado, ao entendê-los como agentes transformadores na comunidade. Para nortear o estudo, além de conceitos literários, consideraram-se informações do Estatuto da Criança e do Adolescente (ECA), Organização das Nações Unidas para Educação, Ciência e Cultura (Unesco), Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social (MDS/BR) e aplicação de questionário com estudantes atendidos, de modo a demonstrar a evolução do programa.
ENSINO REMOTO DE CIÊNCIAS: ANÁLISE DAS PERSPECTIVAS DOS PROFESSORES DOS ANOS FINAIS DO ENSINO FUNDAMENTAL DA REDE PÚBLICA DE ENSINO DO MUNICÍPIO DE HIDROLÂNDIA-CE
Authors: Farias Francielly Rodrigues de , Santos Antônia Nádia Brito dos , Soares Mônica Dias , Bessa Filipe Gutierre Carvalho de Lima
Published: April 2021

A disseminação do novo coronavírus, associada às medidas de contenção impostas pelas autoridades governamentais em concordância com órgãos sanitários, fizeram com que escolas em todo o mundo suspendessem atividades presenciais e adotassem uma modalidade de ensino emergencial conhecida por ensino remoto. Através do presente trabalho objetiva-se diagnosticar e pontuar as principais dificuldades e perspectivas encontradas pelos professores de Ciências dos anos finais do ensino fundamental da rede pública do município de Hidrolândia-CE. Mediante aplicação de questionário através da plataforma google forms, identificou-se boa aprovação dos professores com a metodologia emergencial, porém os mesmos encontram dificuldades com tecnologias digitais e em contatar os alunos devido fatores socioeconômicos, além de encontrar divergências a respeito do ensino híbrido antes da imunização da população e como aliado permanente no ensino.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA MÚSICA NO PROCESSO DE ENSINO-APRENDIZAGEM
Authors: Luchesi Matheus Henrique
Published: April 2021

Este artigo apresenta a importância da música no processo de ensino-aprendizagem, os elementos que contribuem para o desenvolvimento da criança e a eficácia do ensino musical no âmbito escolar. A presença da música quando inserida corretamente no processo de ensino-aprendizagem permite o alcance de conhecimentos específicos e adequados, capazes de solucionar os problemas inerentes a dimensão humana e formativa da criança. A música é um instrumento da educação, capaz de transcender a atividade artística e adentrar na plenitude do ser humano suscitando o reconhecimento de seus valores e potencialidades. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo refletir a música na educação e os conceitos que a definem, como também apresentar novas estratégias e metodologias que auxiliam a prática do ensino escolar, de modo a explicar como a musicalização pode contribuir na aprendizagem de maneira significativa. No entanto, a experiência musical além de estimular o uso dos sentidos da criança, desperta-as para habilidades desconhecidas: o autoconhecimento e a conquista de autonomia. No que se refere ao desenvolvimento de suas aptidões, alguns instrumentos e objetos evidenciam tais habilidades, propiciando a interação e inclusão da criança com o meio nessa fase importante do desenvolvimento pedagógico. Por fim, a inserção da música no contexto escolar vai além de implantar e estabelecer currículos. A música aponta para elementos psicossomáticos que constituem a formação integral da criança, estabelece uma visão harmônica sobre o ser e o mundo que o cerca.
Gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus skin infection
Authors: Palma Marco
Published: April 2021

Gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus changes during infection to survive its host. Therefore, to find new strategies to combat staphylococcal infections, it is important to understand the mechanisms that this pathogen uses to adapt to its host and how the host responds to the presence of staphylococcal cells. We have reviewed two studies of gene expression in Staphylococcus aureus during skin infections, one study using a rabbit skin infection model and the other study using a diabetic skin infection model in mice. We compared the two gene expression profiles to find similarities and differences. Many genes did not show any differences in gene expression in S. aureus during the skin infection compared to the control groups. However,19 genes were upregulated in both systems include chaperones (e.g., groES, groEL, grpE, dnaK9), sodM, hrcA, sbi, and the gene encoding a cadmium-exporting ATPase protein. Also, four genes were downregulated in both systems including a gene that encodes a hydrolase and three genes for hypothetical proteins. Also, there was a group of genes expressed in different ways in the two systems. The gene expression of sarU, transcriptional regulators of the LysR family, Cro family, crp family, TetR family, tenA, and many hypothetical proteins were upregulated in the rabbit system but downregulated in the mouse system. The genes rps, rpl, rpm, and several others involved, for example, in translation and transcription were downregulated in the rabbit system but upregulated in the mouse system. Many genes that showed significant changes in overall gene expression in the rabbit model were unaffected in the mouse model. For example, in the rabbit skin infection model increased important gene regulators like agr and sarV, while some stress-response genes (e.g., sigB and lexA) were downregulated. The gene expression of several staphylococcal genes encoding virulence factors such as fibronectin-binding proteins, hemolysins, coagulases, complement inhibitory proteins, Emp, and many exotoxins were upregulated while clumping factor A was downregulated. Besides, some genes showed expression changes in the mouse model, but not in the rabbit model. For example, sarA, rot, ecb, ctsR, spx, many ribosomal proteins, and hypothetical proteins increased, while cap5k, lysE, rusA, and many hypothetical proteins decreased in the mouse model but they were unaffected in the rabbit model. On the other hand, the host responded to the S. aureus infection by inducing the expression of genes encoding host inflammatory cytokines, receptors, genes associated with neutrophil adhesion and migration, inflammation, and immune cell trafficking. In conclusion, the level of gene expression changed both in the pathogen and the host during the skin infection. The information of gene expression can make significant contributions to understand which genes are involved in the infection process, which can be targeted for antimicrobial chemotherapy.
Peroperative Complications and Postoperative Alignment Problems in Patients with Primary Total Hip Replacement
Authors: Karakaşlı Ahmet
Published: April 2021

INTRODUCTION: The application of hip joint arthroplasty in hip joint degenerative diseases improves joint pain. The lower elastic modulus of titanium alloy prostheses in hip prostheses than stainless steel elastic modulus ensures higher bone "bone ingrowing" in titanium alloy prostheses. However, malaligment applications during surgery shorten the life of the prosthesis. The aim of this study is to investigate post-operative alignment and to examine perioperative complications in patients undergoing total hip prosthesis. METHODS: In this study, 122 patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty for degenerative hip joint disease and elderly collum femoris fractures between 2013-2017 were evaluated. Perioperative complications in total hip prostheses and early complications of prosthesis alignment in retrospective early follow-up. RESULTS: 78 of these patients were female, 44 of them were male, the mean age was 66 years (42-87), the mean follow-up period was 27 months (6-48). Intraoperatively, femoral calcar fractures developed in 2 patients while 1.5% femoral component was placed. Malaligment was placed at an average of 6 degrees (3-9 degrees) in 9% valgus position in 11 patients. Intraoperative blood loss was observed on average 855 ml (460-1250 ml) DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: The results of the implants produced in our country show similar clinical and radiological results with the results stated in the literature. It is considered to be advantageous in terms of both the contribution to the country's economy and the contribution to the patient's health and being easily available.
Environmental Impacts of Palm Oil Products: What can we learn from LCA?
Authors: Bessou Cécile , Pardon Lénaïc
Published: April 2021

Quantifying the environmental impact of production systems has become a milestone for agricultural commodity chains. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a unique ISO standardized methodology for estimating the environmental impact of human activities along a commodity chain. In the last decade, LCA has become the worldwide standard for environmental product declarations and the baseline model behind various GHG calculators and certifications (e.g. European Directive 2009; RSPO PalmGHG 2012). Various LCA on palm oil products have shown that the agricultural stage is a major contributor to most of the potential environmental impacts, including global warming, eutrophication and acidification for instance. This large contribution is due to combined important nitrogen (N) input levels in the field and low input levels at the mill and refinery stages. The agricultural stage remains a critical contributor even when the system boundary is extended to palm-based biofuel production. Focusing on global warming impact, main contributors are N-related GHG emissions in the plantation and methane emissions from palm oil mill effluent treatment. The impact from the plantation becomes overwhelming when forests or peatland areas are converted to palm plantations. Meanwhile, impact from palm oil mill effluent can be drastically reduced if the biogas is captured with electricity recovery. While nitrogen inputs are critical, LCA models still mostly rely on global emission factor. A better modeling of the nitrogen balance including a better accounting for soil processes would allow for a more accurate diagnosis of environmental impacts and control levers in plantation management.
Environmental Assessment of Motorcycle using a Life-Cycle Perspective
Authors: Sopha Bertha Maya , Setiowati Setiowati , Ma’mun Sholeh
Published: April 2021

Transportation sector contributes as the second largest polluter of the air pollution in Indonesia. Of the transportation sector, road transport has generated 70% of the air pollution, 81% of which is attributable to motorcycles. The motorcycles are currently accounting for 79% of the total motor vehicles. It is predicted that the number of motorcycles will continue to grow at an annual rate of 9-26%. However, due to little attention to the motorcycle’s environmental impacts, this present study, therefore, aims to assess and report the environmental impacts of using motorcycles based on life-cycle perspective. Using a functional unit of one passenger per kilometer (pkm), resource consumption and emissions through the entire life-cycle of a motorcycle were estimated. The foreground Life Cycle Inventory (LCI) was compiled through observation, interview, and secondary data, while the background LCI was based on ecoinvent data v.2.0. Results show that the environmental impacts of the chosen function unit constitute Abiotic Resource Depletion Potential (ADP) of 0.515 g Sb-eq., Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 176 g CO2-eq, Human Toxicity Potential (HTP) of 1.1 g 1.4-DCB-eq, and Acidification Potential (AP) of 0.544 g SO2-eq, respectively. Operation (usage stage) of the motorcycle has been the most contributor to GWP and AP, while manufacturing stage has been the most contributor to HTP. Potential interventions related to the manufacturing process, fuel, and usage of the motorcycle to reduce the environmental impacts are also discussed.
Implementation of Life Cycle Costing for a University Building
Authors: Kaming Peter
Published: April 2021

Analysis of a design process is very important in controlling the initial costs and future costs in possession of an investment project. Therefore, it should be wise to perform a LCC analysis to determine the cost of any category contained in a building project. The analysis also provide information to see how much the total cost incurred by a development project from initial to the future cost by implementing BS ISO 15686 part 5: 2008. The purpose of this study is to identify the cost proportion and make long-term plans of a university building in term of life cycle costing in the area of Univeristy of Atma Jaya Yogyakarta (UAJY). Results of the study show that there are three groups that make up the LCC: the cost of development of the building, the operating costs, and the cost of maintenance and replacement. For a long-term plan the LCC for 25 years the percentage obtained as follows, initial development cost of Rp. 10,301,450,000 (43%), operational costs Rp. 11,085,000,000 (46%), maintenance and replacement costs Rp. 2.660.570.080 (11%).
Challenges for Life Cycle Assessment Of Palm Oil Production System
Authors: Stichnothe Heinz , Bessou Cécile
Published: April 2021

Growing demand for palm oil is driven by increasing human population, income growth as well as biodiesel stimulation programs. Covering an area of over ten million ha in Indonesia, palm oil production is also one of the most important sources of crop residues while processing generates large amounts of wastewater. Cultivation and processing of this crop are considered as potentially large sources of emissions. Improving environmental impacts of the palm oil production can help to reduce existing emissions while increasing yield and generating surplus energy and farm income. However, area expansion for oil palm plantation is perceived as  closely linked to illegal logging, deforestation and diminishing biodiversity. Apart from ensuring sustainable land use change, the use of residues is the most important criterion in ensuring sustainable palm oil. It is important to note that there are trade-offs (e.g. between maximizing bio energy production, reducing environmental impacts other than greenhouse gases (GHG), and sustaining soil fertility). Nitrogen (N) losses in palm oil production systems are a major environmental and economic issue. Unfortunately,  there is little comprehensive knowledge on how to calculate N-budgets in oil palm plantation in order to optimize fertilization, taking into account N-leaching and N-gaseous emissions. Land use, soil-carbon, N-emissions and biodiversity are key aspects of life cycle assessment (LCA) of palm oil production systems and they pose a number of methodological questions.
Assessing the Financial and Environmental Sustainability in Raw Rubber Processing; a Case Study with Ribbed Smoked Sheet Manufacture in Sri Lanka
Authors: Dunuwila Pasan , Rodrigo V.H.L. , Goto Naohiro
Published: April 2021

Sri Lanka has been renowned for its top quality natural rubber products. Among the locally manufactured raw rubber types, ribbed smoked sheets (RSS) hold a significant position as it entails ca. 50% of total natural rubber production in island. With no sufficient information on effectiveness in the use of materials and finance and then environmental impacts of RSS manufacture, this study aimed at assessing RSS manufacturing process adopting Material flow analysis, Material flow cost accounting and environmental Life cycle assessment in three factories in view of providing effective suggestions for making the system to be more cost efficient and environmentally friendly. Results indicated that manufacture cost, financial loss and GHG emissions generated by processing 1 MT of RSS were LKR 104,004 ± 6,336, LKR 1,007 ± 44 and 38.0 ± 2.1 kg CO2e, respectively (mean ± standard error). As an improvement option, installing single-day smoke dryers was proposed. This option could reduce firewood consumption per 1 MT of RSS by ca. 30% resulting in 0.1% and 14% of reductions in manufacture cost and GHG emissions, respectively. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
Design of Integrated Data Management System for Sustainability Reporting and Program for Manufacturing Industries in Indonesia
Authors: Rahayu Priskila Christine , Amanda Daisy , Hanafi Jessica
Published: April 2021

The    manufacturing    industry    and    its relationship with sustainable development simply cannot be separated.  Especially,  when  the  government  started  to  show their   attention   by   giving   various   obligations   for   the manufacturing industry to implement sustainable development   principles,   such   as   the   obligation   of   the company     to     conduct     a     social     and     environmental responsibility  by  making  sustainability  report,  the environmental impact assessment (AMDAL) report,  to  participate  in  various  sustainability  programs such  as  Corporate Performance Rating Program (PROPER)  and  Green  Industry  Award.  There  are  so many  indicators  and  data  that  need  to  be  collected  in  order to   fulfill   these   obligations.   It   certainly   may   charge   the company in terms of time, yet the number of indicators and the   data required were similar between one report to another.  There is still no particular design to be able to resolve the issue. Therefore, the aim of this study is to design an  integrated  data  management  system  for  sustainability reporting  needs  and  sustainability  programs  which  has  the end  result  of  an application  prototype  of  a  system  that  can help  companies,  especially  in  the  manufacturing  industry  to create  reporting  even  more efficient.  Data  management  is done  by  combining  all  four  types  of  reporting  and  program which  are  Global Report Initiative sustainability  report,  the  AMDAL  report, Green  Industry  program,  and  PROPER.  The  prototype  is made   based   on   the   results   of   data   management   using Microsoft  Access  to  store  data  and  to  produce  four  types  of summary   reports.   In   the   end   of   the   study,   it   can   be concluded  that,  overall,  the  system  can  be  implemented  and by  the  withdrawal  of  three  respondents review,  the  system can  improve  the efficiency of  the  company  in  preparing sustainability reporting. In the evaluation phase, it is found a related  method  that  can  be  used  as  the basis  to  do  before making reporting in order to make them more easily 40.98%, that is Life Cycle Assessment.
Life cycle assessemnt (LCA) study of a milk powder product in aluminium foil packaging
Authors: Aiman Venessa Allia , Chaerul Mochammad , Rahardyan Benno
Published: April 2021

Dairy processing industry is one of the industries that give positive contribution to the economic growth, however it also contributes in many impacts on the environment, as well as milk powder product manufactured by PT X. The main objective of this study was to determine the most significant environmental impact caused by production and transportation of milk powder in bag 250 gram (Product X) using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methodology. The boundary of the LCA study is “cradle to gate”, including: materials production, materials transportation from supplier to the PT X factory, manufacture of milk powder in PT X, and distribution of the products from factory to distributor. Four impact categories will be calculated on this study: global warming potential (GWP), eutrophication potential (EP), acidification potential (AP), and photochemical oxidant creation potential (POCP). The impact assessment was calculated by software SimaPro v.8.3.2 faculty license, and the calculation result validated manually by Microsoft Excel. The result of environmental impact calculation showed the GWP, EP, AP, and POCP of 1 kg milk powder is 1.3245 kg CO2 eq/kg, 0.0033 kg PO43- eq/kg, 0.0066 kg SO2 eq/kg and 0.0020 kg C2H4 eq/kg. The material production subsystem has the highest environmental impact on GWP, POCP, AP and EP categories. In particular, production activity in PT X also contributes to GWP. An environmental impact reduction strategy can focus on reducing GWP with electricity usage efficiency and developing a material supplier selection plan with environmental impacts of material production as one of criteria.
Life Cycle Assessment of Silicon-Based Tandem Solar Photovoltaics and their End-of-Life
Authors: Lunardi Marina Moneiro , Alvarez-Gaitan Juan Pablo , Bilbao Jose , Corkish Richard Paul
Published: April 2021

The rapid global uptake of solar photovoltaics (PV) promises the hope of affordable low-carbon electricity. Most production of PV modules so far, and for the foreseeable future, has been based on silicon wafer cells and while there are further R&D outcomes still to be fully transferred to the silicon cell industry, the next major technology change is likely to be the addition of a thin-film top cell to form an efficient tandem device. The authors have applied life cycle assessment (LCA) to several of the current and potential mass manufactured solar cell technology choices, including different silicon wafer styles and silicon/thin-film tandems. We have demonstrated that the environmental benefits of some paths for efficiency improvements, particularly of the incorporation of atomic hydrogen into silicon wafers, more than compensate for the additional inputs required. Furthermore, we have shown that the stability of top-cell materials for tandems is paramount, to avoid the premature demise of the underlying silicon bottom cell.The end-of-life has been assumed to be landfill in most preceding LCA studies but there is a growing global need for PV recycling due to the rapid rise in uptake of photovoltaics, which will result in a significant future waste stream. Europe is leading the world in requiring industry stewardship for photovoltaics (and batteries, inverters and other system components) and other jurisdictions, including Australia, are following. However, photovoltaic modules are difficult to dismantle or deconstruct for materials recovery by methods that are both financially and environmentally sustainable. We will use LCA to guide our research on module recycling by chemical, thermal and mechanical methods and their combinations, with an aim to maximize the value of the recovered materials.
Life Cycle Assessment Applications To The Dry Steam Geothermal Power Generation (Case Study: Star Energy Geothermal Wayang Windu, Ltd, Indonesia)
Authors: Annisa Rina , Rahardyan Benno
Published: April 2021

Geothermal potential in Indonesia estimate can produced renewable energy 29 GW, and until 2016 it still used 5% or about 1643 MW in. From that result, about 227 MW produced by Wayang Windu geothermal power plant. The Input were raw material, energy and water. These input produced electricity as main product, by product, and also other output that related to environment i.e. emission, solid waste and waste water. All environmental impacts should be controlled to comply with environmental standard, and even go beyond compliance and perform continual improvement.  This research will use Life Cycle Assessment method based on ISO 14040 and use cradle to gate concept with boundary from liquid steam production until electricity produced, and Megawatt Hours as the functional unit. Life Cycle Inventory has been done with direct input and output in the boundary and resulted that subsystem of Non Condensable Gas and condensate production have the largest environmental impact. LCI also show that every MWh electricity produced, it needed 6.87 Ton dry steam or 8.16 Ton liquid steam. Global Warming Potential (GWP) value is 0.155 Ton CO2eq./MWh, Acidification Potential (AP) 1.69 kg SO2eq./MWh, Eutrophication Potential (EP) 5.36 gPO4 eq./MWh and land use impacts 0.000024 PDF/m2. Life Cycle Impact Assessment resulted that AP contribute 78% of environmental impact and 98% resulted from H2S Non Condensable Gas. Comparison results with another dry steam geothermal power plant show that impact potential result of the company in good position and there’s a strong relation between gross production, GWP and AP value.Keywords: Life cycle assessment; Geothermal; Continual Improvement; Global Warming Potential; Acidification Potential
Getting ready for PROPER and other policies: global learnings and key success factors for Indonesia
Authors: Mieras Eric , Hanafi Jessica , Vieira Marisa , Gaasbeek Anne , Golsteijn Laura
Published: April 2021

Indonesia introduced new policies, like PROPER, that require companies to develop LCA capacity. Currently, LCA expertise is still developing. Therefore, the question arises how the development of LCA expertise and a growth of LCA Practitioners can be achieved. In this article learnings and key success factors from global best practices are identified and illustrated based on case studies. The key success factors are 1) harmonization and guidance, 2) capacity building, 3) focus on business value and 4) ease of use. These Key Success Factors can give Indonesia and its LCA practitioners a head start in implementing and embedding LCA in policy implementation and compliance by private companies. Developing a program that provides the following six elements a) Introduction to LCA training, b) Training for managers and policy makers, c) Learning by doing with screening LCAs, d) Facilitate easy to use tools, e) Develop Product Category Rules (PCR) and f) Create a label or other verified report/certificate can accelerate the development of LCA expertise and the implementation of LCA practices.
An LCA of French beans from Kenya for decision-makers
Authors: Basset-Mens Claudine , Edewa Andrew , Gentil Céline
Published: April 2021

Although challenging, private and public decision-makers increasingly demand for quantitative assessments of the environmental performance of value chains in South contexts. This paper presents and critically analyzes a complete LCA study performed with Endpoint indicators for a public decision-maker for the fresh French bean (FB) value chain of Kenya. A cradle-to-market-gate LCA study was done including five main stages: agricultural production, transport by road before pack-house, pack-house, transport by road after pack-house, intercontinental transport by air-freight and using 1 kg of raw French bean processed as functional unit. Supported by local experts, primary data were collected for all inputs and outputs for 33 farms over 5 counties and 2 pack-houses. An expert-based typology defined four farm types: large-farm, medium-farm, small-holder farm (SHF) contracted and small-holder farm scattered. Best available methods for field emissions were used and adapted when possible to local conditions (e.g. P losses). At market-gate, air-freight was identified as main hot-spot pleading for the design of stabilized FB products that could be sea-freighted. At farm-gate, large differences were observed between farm types and fertilizer, water and land use were the key-drivers of their eco-efficiency. Impacts due to pesticides applications were small at Endpoint level but were incomplete. These results should be validated with a greater sample of stakeholders and the scope of the LCA should be extended to the consumption stage. Research is also needed to provide LCA practitionners with operational and reliable tools for a better inclusion of pesticides’ impacts and uncertainty.
Global Warming Impacts Study of Tofu Products in Mampang Prapatan Small and Medium Enterprises with Life Cycle Assessment Methods
Authors: Sukmana Bayu , Surjandari Isti , . Muryanto , Setiawan Arief A. R. , Wiloso Edi Iswanto
Published: April 2021

Firstly global warming issue caused by greenhouse gas emissions (CO2) which comes from human activities. Along with increasing of daily need, that humans of activities food produce is also increase, include of tofu. Tofu is a traditional Indonesian specialty made from soybeans and used as a side dish. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of global warming from tofu products on Mampang Prapatan's Small Tofu and Medium Enterprises. The method used in this study is the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) method with the help of Simapro 8.4 software with a 1 kg tofu functional unit. The data collected in this study is the average data of tofu production for 3 months, namely January - March 2018. The LCA data in this study include the process of soybean cultivation, transportation processes for shipping soybeans, water, fuel wood, and electricity use. The limitations of this study are from cradle (soybean cultivation) to gate (tofu products).The results showed that UKM Mampang Prapatan has the potential impact of global warming with a value of 3.84 kg CO2-eq, while the value of global warming in the production process knows the scenario of wastewater treatment and the use of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) as fuel for boiling pulp 4.49 kg CO2-eq soybeans. Based on the results of this study, greenhouse gas (CO2) emissions are issued; the intervention that can be done is to optimize the use of raw materials for production to reduce the impact of CO2-eq kg global warming.
Ten Golden Rules for Applying Life Cycle Information
Authors: Fava Jim
Published: April 2021

We have seen rivers burning, marine litter growing, climate change impacts increasing, limited resources to name a few.  Often our resources are directed towards actions which we create unexpected impacts elsewhere, because we have not considered the full range of impacts along a product life cycle.  Life cycle assessment has increasing become a tool of choice to understand the environmental and social trade-offs associated with product and packaging systems. What have we learned that can accelerate the generation and use of life cycle information to inform decision making?  As we are approaching nearly 30 years of experiences, there is much still to do to develop the capacity and capabilities to generate and use life cycle information to ensure we are working on the right issue, at the right place in the value chain, and by the right groups.    We see a future where products will be designed, manufactured, used and managed at the end of life in ways to create reduced environmental and social impacts than the previous generation.  These innovative products will create business value, e.g., growing revenue, enhancing brand, reducing costs, and mitigating risk). All actors over a product’s life cycle have a role.  New business models will surface.  These outcomes are happening now, but not at the scale needed.  Based upon nearly 30 years of experiences, we have identified Ten Golden Rules for applying life cycle information.  These will be described with examples and guidance on how they can be applied within your own organization.