bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Η επίδραση της μουσικής εκπαίδευσης στην ακουστική και μουσική αντίληψη παιδιών με κοχλιακά εμφυτεύματα
Authors: Τρούκα Δήμητρα
Published: May 2024

Ένας περιορισμένος αριθμός ερευνών δείχνει ότι η μουσική εκπαίδευση συνδέεται με τη βελτίωση της ακουστικής και μουσικής αντίληψης παιδιών με κοχλιακά εμφυτεύματα. Ένα από τα κύρια ερωτήματα της έρευνας αφορά το εάν η εκπαίδευση της αντίληψης του τονικού ύψους, του ρυθμού και του ηχοχρώματος μπορεί να επιφέρει βελτίωση στη μουσική αντίληψη παιδιατρικών χρηστών κοχλιακών εμφυτευμάτων και αν θα υπάρχει μεγαλύτερη επίδραση στα παιδιά που εμφυτεύτηκαν πριν τα δύο έτη. Επίσης, με βάση την υπόθεση OPERA (Patel, 2011) αναζητήθηκαν δεδομένα για το κατά πόσο η μουσική εκπαίδευση μπορεί να βελτιώσει την ομιλητική αντίληψη σε ησυχία και θόρυβο και τέλος διερευνήθηκε εάν η εκπαίδευση του ηχοχρώματος μπορεί να βελτιώσει την αντίληψη του λόγου σε θόρυβο. Η έρευνα υιοθέτησε το ψευδο-πειραματικό σχέδιο με επαναλαμβανόμενες μετρήσεις και στρατολόγησε 14 παιδιά χρήστες κοχλιακών εμφυτευμάτων ηλικίας από επτά έως 17 ετών. Οι συμμετέχοντες χωρίστηκαν σε ομάδα ελέγχου και εξομοιωμένη πειραματική ομάδα, η οποία συμμετείχε σε δομημένο πρόγραμμα μουσικής εκπαίδευσης διάρκειας τριών μηνών, το οποίο αναπτύχθηκε αποκλειστικά για τις ανάγκες της παρούσας έρευνας. Τα αποτελέσματα έδειξαν στατιστικά σημαντική βελτίωση στην πειραματική ομάδα σε όλες τις εκπαιδευόμενες μουσικές δεξιότητες μετά την τρίμηνη εκπαίδευση, χωρίς ωστόσο να βρεθεί συσχέτιση μεταξύ της ηλικίας εμφύτευσης και του βαθμού βελτίωσης. Ακόμη, τα αποτελέσματα της έρευνας υπέδειξαν στατιστικά σημαντική βελτίωση στην αντίληψη του λόγου σε θόρυβο και παρόλο που παρουσιάστηκε θετική συσχέτιση με την αντίληψη του ηχοχρώματος δεν ήταν στατιστικά σημαντική. Επιπλέον, δεν εντοπίστηκε στατιστικά σημαντική βελτίωση στην αντίληψη του λόγου σε ησυχία. Συνεπώς, τα αποτελέσματα εμφανίζουν ενδείξεις ότι η μουσική εκπαίδευση πιθανόν να έχει τη δυνατότητα να βελτιώσει τη μουσική και ομιλητική αντίληψη σε θόρυβο παιδιών με κοχλιακά εμφυτεύματα, ωστόσο απαιτούνται μελλοντικές έρευνες μεγαλύτερης διάρκειας και συμμετεχόντων, ώστε να διαπιστωθεί η επίδρασή της ή μη στην αντίληψη του λόγου σε ησυχία και η πιθανή συσχέτισή της με την ηλικία εμφύτευσης.
GCM2 mutation in primary hyperparathyroidism - A Case Report
Authors: Chmielowiec Zuzanna , Pach Magdalena , Wierzejska Natalia , Fugas Agnieszka , Smykiewicz Karolina , Michalczewska Aneta , Nowak Agnieszka , Partyka Alicja , Dziedzic Mariola , Dobrzańska Justyna
Published: May 2024

Primary hyperparathyroidism is a common endocrine disorder. It is characterised by elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) level causing hypercalcemia. 90-95% of cases have a spontaneous cause, with the remaining 5-10% having a genetic basis. On routine examination, a 47-year-old patient was found to have hypercalcemia, vitamin D deficiency, normal PTH levels and no hypercalciuria. Despite vitamin supplementation, calcemia remained unchanged. Single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) examination detected possible adenomas in the lower parathyroids regions, and ultrasound revealed an adenoma of the lower left parathyroid gland and hypertrophy of the lower right parathyroid gland. The atypical clinical presentation - young age, inadequate normal PTH levels and the location of the lesions within the two parathyroid glands suggested genetic testing, which confirmed the presence of a genetic mutation - the GCM2 variant. Treatment included exploration of the parathyroid area using fluorescence. Both lower parathyroid glands were dissected. PTH monitoring showed a decrease in baseline levels of more than 50% after surgery. One month after surgery, PTH and calcium levels remained normal. Primary hyperparathyroidism is usually asymptomatic, detected when laboratory tests are performed for another cause. Symptoms include nephrolithiasis, bone and joint pain, osteoporosis, arrhythmias and fatigue. The typical patient has high PTH levels and hypercalcemia, but not every case will be schematic. High serum calcium levels do not always result in increased PTH levels and an in-depth diagnosis is required. The GCM2 mutation, detected in the patient presented here, may occur in familial isolated hyperparathyroidism. Correct diagnosis and treatment is crucial not only for the patient, as it significantly improves their quality of life, but also for their family members, who may also have a genetic mutation and be unaware of the disorder developing in their body.
Exploitation of Marine Shells at Roman Jerash (Jordan)
Authors: Abuhelaleh Bellal , Shiyyab Adnan , Lidour Kevin , Reese David S.
Published: May 2024

The Jerash archaeological site holds great significance as one of the most prominent Roman sites in the Middle East. In our research paper, we present an assortment of marine shells discovered in the northern region of the Jerash archaeological site during the University of Jordan’s excavations from 2017 to 2019. We analyze the shells to determine their species. Additionally, we document the human modifications of the shells in order to reconstruct their possible use. The number of shells is small, but their value is heightened by the variety of species represented and the human modifications observed. The most frequently found shell are 12 murex (11 are Bolinus brandaris). Some shells exhibit perforations, which could be attributed to various purposes such as adornments, the production of cosmetics, or souvenirs.
Animal Mummies in the Collections of the National Museum in Krakow and the Princes Czartoryski Museum
Authors: Gorzelany-Nowak Dorota , Wilczyński Jarosław
Published: May 2024

The collections of the National Museum in Krakow and the Princes Czartoryski Museum include four Egyptian animal mummies, whose radiological and tomographic examinations were carried out twice, in 1999 and 2021, in the Department of Radiology of the Jagiellonian University Medical College. The paper will present two aspects of the examinations, crucial for the knowledge of the artifacts. On the one hand, these are provenience research that allow to determine the history of the acquisition for the collection of both museums. On the other hand, medical examinations provided the answer to the question about the authenticity and value of the objects. Images of the inside of the mummies allowed to correlate the shape of the mummies with the animal species – in our case, a cat, Marsh Harrier, Kestrel – and to clarify the biological data on birds. X-rays also revealed the imitation of the ichneumon mummy, which, considering the species of the animal and the history of its acquisition for the Princes Czartoryski Museum, had always been a unique specimen among Egyptian artifacts.
A Motif of Parrots in Dionysian Contexts on Selected Examples of Hellenistic and Roman Mosaics
Authors: Głowa Anna
Published: May 2024

This paper provides an overview of the mosaics in which parrots are represented as a motive accompanying Dionysian themes. Based on the written and iconographic sources, the author argues that a parrot was an intrinsic element of the visual language conveying ideas of earthly happiness and eternal bliss, as well as the Hellenistic concept of tryphé.
Dating of Three Sasanian Bowls from the National Museum of Iran
Authors: Akbarzadeh Daryoosh , Khadir Shiba
Published: May 2024

Three Sasanian Silver Bowls at the National Museum of Iran, known collectively as the “dancer-musician scenes,” have been considered as one of the museum’s most iconic works for the past 70 years. Only bowl No. 1 has been examined by numerous Western and Iranian scholars. Based on the catalog of the exhibition “7000 Years of Iranian Art Exhibition” in Vienna (2001-2002), these dishes have been tentatively dated to 8-9th centuries CE. All subsequent exhibitions have followed the same pattern. In addition, the dark heart-shaped decorations on two dishes have been called minā (enameling) in most of the previous publications. The importance of these three bowls (and also the famous Sasanian silver cup) has been the main reason for their selection for technical analysis, X-Ray fluorescence (XRF), and spectroscopy. However, a well-known Sasanian cup (called also “a silver musician-dancer” piece) was only subjected to a semi-quantitative investigation using XRF analysis. The XRF has been extremely helpful in determining a more exact dating for the three bowls indicated above, but it has also raised serious concerns about the dark heartshaped embellishments. Moreover, the dating of the artifacts has been called into doubt by an XRF study of Arabo-Sasanian coins (early Islamic periods) and a comparison of the metal compounds of these objects with those of the three dishes. Additionally, the authors of the present article have proposed niello for the dark ornamentation on the bowls based on these two technical evaluations. Indeed, spectroscopy was not able to answer the main question about the heart-shaped decorations on bowls No. 1 & No. 2, but it has opened a new venue to challenge the term minā, which was widely used in printed works. However, these two chemical analyses expose the possibility that the items may have been created in a workshop of the same artist (or a group of artists).
Reconocimiento y autonomía de la persona mayor: dimensiones bioéticas del envejecimiento
Authors: Roa Vargas Vivian Andrea , Pinto Bustamante Boris Julián , Castro Fuentes María Camila
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo abordaremos algunas perspectivas que las sociedades han tenido sobre el envejecimiento, la relevancia del principio de respeto a la vulnerabilidad en el contexto del envejecimiento, el problema ético del maltrato hacia las personas mayores, los desafíos bioéticos del cuidado y el marco normativo existente en Colombia para la garantía de sus derechos fundamentales.
Los signos y los síntomas del envejecimiento normal
Authors: González López Francisco
Published: May 2024

En este capítulo se desarrollan los signos más prevalentes en las personas que envejecen y su abordaje desde una perspectiva fisiológica, sin dejar de reconocer que solo una mínima parte de ellas presenta límites estrictamente definidos entre “normalidad” y trastorno. Tal como se evidenciará, muchas de las variaciones en el proceso de envejecer, destacado por lo diverso y lo complejo, se caracterizan por reducción de la eficiencia biológica, mayor vulnerabilidad y pérdida progresiva de la capacidad de adaptación ante las exigencias del medio.
El lavado de activos: un desafío de la industria de la tecnología financiera
Authors: Alvarado Barreto María Paula
Published: May 2024

Las dinámicas del fenómeno del lavado de activos se incrementan y adaptan a todas las áreas de la economía, incluido el mercado intermediario y el sistema financiero. En la medida en que se fomenta el avance de las instituciones, medios y mercados del sistema financiero, crecen también las modalidades y tipologías de lavado de activos. El desarrollo de la tecnología es un acontecimiento raudo que involucra el sector financiero y que requiere atención y estudio en lo relativo a los canales que implementa la criminalidad para blanquear capitales a través de la reciente tecnología financiera. Este capítulo contiene una aproximación al concepto de tecnología financiera o FinTech y describe cuál ha sido el impacto y desarrollo en el ámbito nacional. Presenta algunos desafíos relacionados con la lucha de las tecnologías financieras para el cumplimiento de los estándares y normas de prevención de lavado de activos y financiación del terrorismo y propone determinadas recomendaciones sobre el desarrollo de ciertas operaciones FinTech en las que se evidencia ese riesgo.
Más allá de la financiación colectiva: el crowdfunding como una herramienta de marketing en la era digital
Authors: Useche Alejandro J. , Paredes Mario R.
Published: May 2024

En tal marco, este capítulo tiene como objetivo expandir el concepto de crowdfunding más allá del ámbito financiero, para explorar el potencial que representa para el desarrollo de estrategias innovadoras de marketing. Para cumplir con este fin, se divide en cuatro secciones: en la primera, se presenta el concepto del crowdfunding como instrumento de financiación colectiva; en la segunda, se lleva a cabo una revisión a la evolución del concepto en un contexto global y se introducen los tipos existentes de campañas; en la tercera, se introducen las aplicaciones del crowdfunding como herramienta de marketing y se describe su aplicación en un caso de análisis; y en la última sección, se plantean las conclusiones.
Credit Market Conditions and Mental Health
Authors: Hu Qing , Levine Ross , Lin Chen , Tai Mingzhu
Published: May 2024

Research offers conflicting predictions about the impact of credit conditions on mental health. We first assess how bank regulatory reforms that improved credit conditions, for example, by enhancing the efficiency of credit allocation and lowering lending rates, impacted mental health. We discover that among low-income individuals, these regulatory reforms reduced mental depression, boosted labor market outcomes, eased access to mortgage debt, and reduced the ranks of the “unbanked.” We also find that mergers of large regional banks that led to branch closures and tighter credit constraints in affected counties harmed the mental health of lower-income individuals in treated counties.

This paper was accepted by Kay Giesecke, finance.

Funding: C. Lin and M. Tai acknowledge financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China [Grant 72192841] and the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administration Region, China [Project T35/710/20R].

Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2023.00194 .
The Efficacy of Pre-Treatment Proton Pump Inhibitors in the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori
Authors: Özkeçeci Coskun Firat , Arslan Melike , Başaran Edibe Gözde , Balam Necati
Published: May 2024

Objective: Proton pump inhibitors significantly reduce Helicobacter pylori colonization and provide recovery in its activity and inflammation. We investigated; the effects of eradication initiated 28 days after proton pump inhibitor treatment and eradication initiated simultaneously with proton pump inhibitor treatment, on treatment success rates of Helicobacter pylori.

Material and Methods: The study took place at our tertiary care hospital, where 42 patients in the study group were given oral lansoprazole treatment for 28 days followed by eradication treatment and 41 patients in the control group were given both treatments simultaneously. Eradication success was monitored using Helicobacter pylori polyclonal antigen stool tests.

Results: A total of 83 participants, aged between 8 and 18 years, tested positive for Helicobacter pylori. The mean age of the participants was 15.14 ± 2.01 years. The Helicobacter pylori cure rate was found to be 92.9% in the study group and 92.7% in the control group. There were no significant differences observed between the two groups in terms of eradicating Helicobacter pylori (p=0.976).

Conclusion: We found no significant differences in Helicobacter pylori treatment success rates with modified proton pump inhibitor usage in children.
Building a House of Glass
Authors: Carter Katlyn Marie
Published: May 2024

The chapter covers the emergence of the French National Assembly in 1789 and its procedural operations. Despite articulating an insulated theory of political representation similar to that held by American Federalists, the deputies repeatedly committed themselves to the principle of publicity as a cornerstone of their legitimacy as representatives of the French nation. However, their dedication to allowing an audience, facilitating reporting on their deliberations, and communicating constantly with constituents posed challenges to their legitimacy rather than securing it. The way publicity was undermining their claim to voice the people’s will came to the fore after Louis XVI’s failed Flight to Varennes in 1791.
Epilogue
Authors: Carter Katlyn Marie
Published: May 2024

Over the course of the late eighteenth century, state secrecy generated suspicion. Many British, American, and French thinkers valorized publicity in government, especially as a crucial component of representative politics. Once revolutions broke out aiming to establish political representation as a tool of popular sovereignty, the question of secrecy and publicity in government assumed central importance in the construction of new regimes. In the decisions revolutionaries made about the place of secrecy in government and in the debates those decisions engendered, we can trace an underlying contest over the very function of political representation. Moreover, focusing on changing practices shows how the idea of representative democracy evolved and was shaped through the experience of its implementation. Since the Age of Revolutions, we have come to associate representative democracy so firmly with publicity—or transparency—that secrecy is generally considered exceptional, problematic, even threatening. The epilogue explores how our continued debate about the proper place of secrecy in a representative government remains in many ways strikingly similar to that of revolutionaries in the eighteenth century. However, it also explores the modern manifestations and implications of transparency to ask whether democracy dies not in darkness but in broad daylight.
Those Exuberant Male Manakins
Authors: Schlinger Barney A.
Published: May 2024

Manakins are neotropical birds, with the “bearded” manakins (Manacus) found throughout Central and South America. Males of this bird genus gather in leks and perform elaborate and noisy courtship displays. The birds make unique loud snapping sounds with their wings--wingsnaps and rollsnaps-- while dancing about a court they create on the forest floor. General features of golden-collared manakin biology are described in this chapter, including detailed descriptions of the male’s courtship display, their plumage, and their life history. Questions are raised about the evolution of the male’s unusual behavior. The remainder of the book seeks to provide some of the answers.
Male Manakins Keep Their Gardens Clean
Authors: Schlinger Barney A.
Published: May 2024

Male golden-collared manakins clear an arena of bare dirt between at least 3 small saplings around which they perform their courtship display Testosterone increases the motivation of males to clear leaves from their court but has no effect on females who never appear interested in clearing leaf litter. Experiments that manipulated leaf weight show that males can move leaves as large and as heavy as they are, and do so by several methods depending on the leaf weight. This set of behaviors is compared to other bird species that lift heavy objects or prey or who engage in cognitively challenging tasks.
The Education of a Tree-Hugger
Authors: Sayen Jamie
Published: May 2024

The author fell in love with wild northern New Hampshire in 1986 and bought a log cabin. Conservation scientists were then warning about the sixth extinction event, and the need for more, very large, unmanaged ecological reserves. In February 1988, working for a local weekly newspaper, he broke the story that nearly a million acres formerly owned by Diamond International were for sale at a price that reflected the land’s development, not its timber value. Northern New England’s political, timber industry, and conservation leaders were mortified that the status quo of the previous century was endangered. He proposed that the crown jewel of the lands for sale, the 40,000-acre Nash Stream watershed, should be acquired by the public and designated wilderness. For suggesting that conservation science must take precedence over political horse trading, he was ostracized by conservationists. His education began with the teachings of timber industry conventional wisdom:
• Wilderness is bad; • Private property rights are supreme; • Elites are entitled to control the agenda of public policy that affects their interests; • The sum of the economic parts is greater than the ecological whole; • To create jobs and prosperity, it is permissible to degrade land, air, water, and wildlife habitat.
EROS PÂNDEMOS, EROS URÂNIOS E EROS FILÓSOFO: UM ESTUDO SOBRE O PAPEL PEDAGÓGICO DO FILÓSOFO NO "BANQUETE"
Authors: Alexia Oliveira Rodrigues  , Adriana Santos Tabosa
Published: May 2024

A pesquisa é baseada na leitura do diálogo O Banquete, em uma análise comparativa entre dois discursos: Pausânias e Sórates-Diotima, visando os argumentos levantados nos discursos sobre o elogio a Eros e em como se manifesta.
Understanding the Helms-Burton Act
Authors: Hitchman Ariadna Cornelio , Rodriguez Seida Barrera , Lopez Ernesto Dominguez
Published: May 2024

In this article we study the Helms-Burton Act in the intersections of foreign policy, American law, and international law. We provide an explanation of the making of the law through the lenses of policymaking, and the core variables that drove the process, as we consider that it was an act of foreign policy, and that foreign policy is a particular form of public policy. We discuss the legality of the statute within American law, and point out its inconsistencies and open contradictions with the constitutional framework of the United States, as it violates some of its core principles and provisions. We examine the legality of the Helms-Burton according to international law, and determine that it violates several fundamental principles included in the Charter of the United Nations and other major international treaties and charters of international organisations, of which the United States is a signatory.
Exploring Indigenous Disability Experiences in Taiwan
Authors: Chiu Tasing
Published: May 2024

The inclusion of CRPD principles in Taiwan’s Disabilities Rights Act in 2007 highlighted the need for culturally sensitive disability services for Indigenous communities. However, there’s a gap in understanding how these communities perceive and address disability within their unique cultural contexts. Traditional approaches to disability in Taiwan’s Indigenous communities have evolved differently from mainstream society, influenced by varying degrees of colonial impact based on geographic location. To explore this evolution, the article presents three case studies: ethnographic records of Tao elders, writings by
Amis
author Lifok ‘Oteng, and the personal experiences of Paiwan blind poet Maljaljaves Mulaneng. These cases illuminate the complex relationship between disability experiences and historical developments in Taiwan’s Indigenous communities, aiming to offer insights into culturally appropriate services for Indigenous people with disabilities.
Les biblioteques especialitzades a Catalunya: anàlisi de la situació actual i activitat (2020-2022)
Authors: Navas-Fernández Miguel
Published: May 2024

Després d’identificar les característiques bàsiques de les biblioteques especialitzades i centres de documentació, s’analitza de manera crítica el seu univers a Catalunya segons les dades del Direc-tori de Biblioteques de Catalunya, per tipologies i titularitats. Es descriuen els catàlegs existents i les activitats de les xarxes durant els tres anys d’aquest període. Finalment, es debat sobre l’estat actual de les especialitzades, i s’aporten algunes idees i propostes.
Entonación y emociones en hablantes del estado de Querétaro, México
Authors: Villalva Camacho Sofia Alejandra , Velásquez-Upegui Eva Patricia
Published: May 2024

La presente investigación describe las variaciones que presenta la frecuencia fundamental (F0) de un acto de habla asertivo cuando expresa emociones (de forma adyacente) como alegría, tristeza y enojo, al igual que la influencia de la edad, el sexo y el nivel de instrucción. Para ello se llevó a cabo una prueba semi-controlada a un total de 18 colaboradores quienes produjeron el mismo enunciado con las tres emociones por estudiar más un enunciado “no marcado”. Los datos se analizaron empleando Praat en su versión 6.1.50 y el sistema de etiquetado Sp_ToBI. Los resultados muestran una variación estadísticamente significativa de la F0 cuando se expresa alegría y enojo, así como la influencia de las variables sexo y nivel de instrucción.
To Shake Off the British Shackle Forever: The Political Economy of the Dutch Republic during the American Revolution
Authors: Tieleman Matthijs
Published: May 2024

abstract: In the 1780s, Dutch Patriot revolutionaries celebrated the independence of the United States as an event that would revitalize their downtrodden economy and society at large. Why would they believe that the newly independent United States could resurrect the Dutch Golden Age? This article demonstrates that, from the Seven Years' War onward, political and economic thought and practice in the Dutch Republic became deeply entangled with the unfolding of the American Revolution. Ideas about commerce and innovative practices that emerged in the context of a rapidly changing Atlantic world proved foundational to the Dutch Patriot Revolution of the 1780s. In this way, the transatlantic connections between the American and Dutch Patriots were longer and more complex than previously argued. As a result of these connections, the American Revolution forged the political and economic program of the Dutch Patriot Revolution, which would ultimately signal the beginning of the end of the two-hundred-year-old Dutch Republic. Abstract: In the 1780s, Dutch Patriot revolutionaries celebrated the independence of the United States as an event that would revitalize their downtrodden economy and society at large. Why would they believe that the newly independent United States could resurrect the Dutch Golden Age? This article demonstrates that, from the Seven Years' War onwards, political and economic thought and practice in the Dutch Republic became deeply entangled with the unfolding of the American Revolution. Ideas about commerce and innovative practices that emerged in the context of a rapidly changing Atlantic world proved foundational to the Dutch Patriot Revolution of the 1780s. In this way, the transatlantic connections between the American and Dutch Patriots were longer and more complex than previously argued. As a result of these connections, the American Revolution forged the political and economic program of the Dutch Patriot Revolution, which would ultimately signal the beginning of the end of the two-hundred-year-old Dutch Republic.
(Candle)sticks on Stone: The Representation of Women in Jewish Tombstone Art
Authors: Gruber Ruth Ellen
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Candles and candlesticks are a common and potent symbol on the gravestones of Jewish women because lighting the Sabbath candles is one of the three so-called “women’s commandments” carried out by female Jews; it is the only one easily represented in visual terms. This essay describes the author’s field research, photographic, and writing project, “(Candlesticks) on Stone,” carried out mainly in 2009–2011, to explore the variety of ways candles and candlesticks are depicted on women’s gravestones in Eastern Europe. It also questions the transmission of the candle-lighting tradition from her East European ancestors to later generations.
A Cold Case of Irish Facts: Re(:)visiting John Stanislaus Joyce
Authors: O'Grady Thomas
Published: May 2024

ABSTRACT: Will the case that argues for Brian O'Nolan's authorship of "Interview with Mr. John Stanislas [ sic ] Joyce (1849-1931)," published in A James Joyce Yearbook in 1941, ever be fully dismissed? This essay revisits the evidence supporting the claims of O'Nolan's authorship—evidence promulgated and perpetuated by such reputable scholars as John V. Kelleher and Hugh Kenner—as well as the testimony, constituting the counter-argument, from O'Nolan's friend and biographer Anthony Cronin and his friend Niall Sheridan in an attempt to cast reasonable—if not irrefutable—doubt on O'Nolan as the perpetrator of a fraud of significant literary consequence.
The Construction and Open Sharing of Ancient Books Resources in the National Library of China
Authors: Zhao Wenyou , Chen Yishuang
Published: May 2024

Abstract: Ancient books form part of the strong cultural heritage of China and are significant examples of unique Chinese traditional culture. With advances in information technology, digitization has become an important method to address the contradiction of preservation versus utilization of ancient books. By looking back at the strategic planning for ancient book digitization at the National Library of China, the fundamental status of ancient books collected there is established and the necessity of constructing digital resources of ancient books and of openly sharing these resources is demonstrated. Practical achievements of the National Library of China's ancient book digitization include self-construction at the library, collection outside of the library, and international cooperation. Problems and challenges in digital resource construction and sharing include establishing unified standards of ancient book digitization systems, establishing a unified release platform, raising the ratio of ancient books digitization, and enhancing the level of knowledge service. A survey of overseas Chinese ancient books and digital cooperation countermeasures and suggestions is included. To enhance access to the wisdom of ancient Chinese books, this paper proposes a National Library service transformation.
Research on Digital Resources of Kizil Grottoes Art and MOOC Teaching
Authors: Yao Ronghua
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This article explores effective utilization methods of the massive open online course (MOOC) to promote the digital image resources of the Kizil Grottoes, a valuable cultural heritage site. The purpose of the initiative is to improve the aesthetic and artistic comprehension of art majors as well as to promote the general education of non–art major students. In 2020, Shandong University developed the MOOC course "Appreciation of Chinese Grotto Frescoes," which transformed their specialized courses into a resource-sharing platform. It promoted the improvement of the education and research of art majors and the general education of non-art majors. It provided a successful case for the utilization of digital cultural heritage for teaching and research.
Research on the Quality Control Method of Cultural Heritage Digital Information Service: A Case Study of the Digital Cultural Relics Library Platform of the Palace Museum in Beijing
Authors: Fang Liyu , Sun Jing , Liu Yuxian
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The Palace Museum in Beijing manages a wealth of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, including the world-famous Forbidden City and many ancient collections. For the past thirty years, informatization has gradually become an important method in the Palace Museum to protect, promote, and research their precious cultural heritages. Although museum service quality and user experience and satisfaction have received growing attention, the quality control of museum digital information services remains a less explored research area. The challenges faced by the Palace Museum include how to follow changes in the technological environment, user needs, and the large scale of digital resources and how to continuously and effectively control and improve the service quality of digital information. This research, based on total quality management (TQM) and LibQUAL as well as the relevant indicators of museum quality assessment in the literature review, uses the Digital Cultural Relics Library Platform of the Palace Museum as the research case and constructs a user-centered control model to measure and improve the service quality of cultural heritage digital information, and puts the model into practice. The paper proposes theoretical advances and has implications for future improvements in the quality control of cultural heritage digital information services.
Exploration of the Construction and Digitization of the Yellow River Governance Landscape Special Collection
Authors: Wang Zhigang , Zhao Xing
Published: May 2024

Abstract: The governance and development history of the Yellow River is an important part of Chinese history. Many historical documents and archives have been produced around the governance and development of the Yellow River as well as modern information resources such as databases and pictures, which together constitute a special collection of cultural heritage resources of the Yellow River Governance Landscape. In this paper, a literature search was conducted and unique resources collected for the construction of the Yellow River Governance Landscape, including the main literature, archives, pictures, databases, and other resources. Experts identified the concept and relevant resources of the Yellow River Governance Landscape, and librarians constructed the special collection. The future direction of digitization and database construction for the Yellow River Governance Landscape resources are also discussed. The special resources of the Yellow River Governance Landscape will help to increase the discipline collections and special collections of university libraries, provide resources for multidisciplinary teaching and research, and help to digitize and build databases of Yellow River Governance Landscape resources in the future as well as provide the content basis for open access and sharing of digital resources.
Two Hundred Years of the Lancet : From Quack to Anti-Vax, or How the Lancet Took a Stand
Authors: Demoor Marysa
Published: May 2024

Abstract: This essay traces the rise of the Lancet from its humble nineteenth-century beginnings to its current status as one of the most prestigious medical journals. By examining the Lancet 's early years and the hopes of founding editor Thomas Wakely and his successors, I aim to reveal what distinguished this journal from others circulating at the time and guaranteed its longevity. Despite fierce competition with several early medical journals, including the British Medical Journal and a quack publication that called itself the Anti - Lancet , the Lancet continued to publish research-based information to instruct the medical community far and wide. Indeed, while fake news and anti-vaxers might seem like twenty-first-century problems, this paper shows how the Lancet has been addressing misinformation for two hundred years.
Absorptive metasurface with optical transparency for broadband RCS reduction
Authors: Wang Junlin , Saer A , Wang Xin , Tong Xinyu , Guo Yunsheng , Guan Jing , Shi Kaixuan
Published: May 2024

Here, we introduce an optically transparent and flexible metasurface designed for effective absorption within the microwave spectrum. Indium tin oxide (ITO) films with varying square resistances fabricate a metasurface ground layer and a lossy pattern layers. Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) with a low refractive index, high transparency, and high flexibility is chosen as the dielectric layer. The proposed structure exhibits a reflection band of less than -10 dB with a fractional bandwidth of 167% in the range of 3.0–33.8 GHz under vertical incident electromagnetic waves. The metasurface designed based on this unit allows for the attainment of a radar cross section (RCS) reduction bandwidth of 8.75–31.1 GHz with a 10 dB reduction and a fractional bandwidth of 112%. The metasurface can maintain a broadband RCS reduction over a range of 45° incidence angles. In addition, due to the flexibility of the structure, we analyzed its RCS reduction capability when non-planar by wrapping the structure around a cylinder. The integration of simulation and testing has demonstrated that the structure exhibits excellent performance in the field of electromagnetic stealth. It has potential practical applications in electromagnetic shielding windows and the windows or domes of airplanes or satellites.
Dual-layer capacitance-loaded thin-film lithium niobate electro-optic modulator with high modulation efficiency
Authors: Yue Gongcheng , Yang Hongzhi , Zhang Ziyue , Hao Ting , Xiao Lin , Li Yang
Published: May 2024

Thin film lithium niobate (TFLN) modulators with low driving voltage and high bandwidth are desirable for fiber-optic communication. Enhancing the modulation efficiency of TFLN modulators can reduce the device length while maintaining a low driving voltage, leading to more dies per wafer and subsequently lower fabrication cost. However, waveguide loss induced by metal absorption limits the electrodes spacing, thereby constraining the modulation efficiency. Here, we propose a novel dual-layer capacitance-loaded electrode structure to improves the modulation efficiency while maintaining a low absorption loss. We experimentally demonstrate a C-band (1550 nm) modulator featuring a half-wave voltage of 3.2 V, a modulation length of 5 mm, and a 3-dB bandwidth over 67 GHz.
Superhigh gain InGaN/GaN visible-light photodetector using polarization heterointerface barrier and single-carrier superlattices
Authors: Lv Zesheng , Zhang Supeng , Jiang Hao
Published: May 2024

Visible-light detection with high sensitivity and strong wavelength selectivity is highly desired in emerging applications. Here, we demonstrate a high-performance visible-light photodetector with an active region composed of a polarization induced barrier and single-carrier superlattices (SCSLs). The barrier at SCSLs/GaN heterointerface brings both a low dark current and a high gain originating from the photoinduced barrier reduction effect. Meanwhile, the designed InGaN/GaN SCSLs allow the photoelectrons in the quantum wells to escape, but photogenerated holes are weakly localized, thus generating the additional photoconductive gain. The resulting devices exhibited a super-high gain of 7.8 × 104, a large detectivity of 1.2 × 1016 jones, and a relatively fast response speed with rise/falling time of 2.5/89.6 ns. Also, a 400/500-nm rejection ratio greater than 3 × 105 was shown at 1 V, indicating excellent wavelength selectivity.
Multimode interference methane sensor based on a ZIF-8/PDMS composite film
Authors: Li Yan , Wang Zelong , Li Xinghan , Lu Ke , Zhu Kehui , Yang Fuling
Published: May 2024

A multimode interference methane sensor based on a ZIF-8/PDMS composite film is proposed. The sensing principle is that the refractive index of the ZIF-8/PDMS composite film changes when it adsorbs methane, leading to a measurable optical path difference during the coupling of the cladding higher-order modes and the fundamental mode in the multimode interference fiber (MMI). The environmental methane concentration is then detectable by detecting the wavelength shifts of the interference peaks in the resulted spectrum. Through simulations and experiments aimed at enhancing sensor sensitivity, we optimized three parameters within the sensor structure: the length of the Tapered Single-Mode Fiber (TSMF), the composite film thickness, and the TSMF taper diameter. The experimental results indicate that the sensor’s sensitivity reaches a maximum of 0.231 nm%−1. Additionally, the sensor exhibits excellent structural stability and measurement repeatability. The response time is as short as 40 s, and the recovery time ranges between 3 and 5 min. The proposed multimode interferometric methane sensor based on the ZIF-8/PDMS composite film has great potential to support highly sensitive methane concentration detection in many applications.
Middle-schoolers’ reading and lexical-semantic processing depth in response to digital and print media: An N400 study
Authors: Froud Karen , Levinson Lisa , Maddox Chaille , Smith Paul
Published: May 2024

We report the first use of ERP measures to identify text engagement differences when reading digitally or in print. Depth of semantic encoding is key for reading comprehension, and we predicted that deeper reading of expository texts would facilitate stronger associations with subsequently-presented related words, resulting in enhanced N400 responses to unrelated probe words and a graded attenuation of the N400 to related and moderately related words. In contrast, shallow reading would produce weaker associations between probe words and text passages, resulting in enhanced N400 responses to both moderately related and unrelated words, and an attenuated response to related words. Behavioral research has shown deeper semantic encoding of text from paper than from a screen. Hence, we predicted that the N400 would index deeper reading of text passages that were presented in print, and shallower reading of texts presented digitally. Middle-school students (n = 59) read passages in digital and print formats and high-density EEG was recorded while participants completed single-word semantic judgment tasks after each passage. Following digital text presentation, the N400 response pattern to moderately-related words indicated shallow reading, tracking with responses to words that were unrelated to the text. Following print reading, the N400 responses to moderately-related words patterned instead with responses to related words, interpreted as an index of deeper reading. These findings provide evidence of differences in brain responses to texts presented in print and digital media, including deeper semantic encoding for print than digital texts.
Feature analysis of joint motion in paralyzed and non-paralyzed upper limbs while reaching the occiput: A cross-sectional study in patients with mild hemiplegia
Authors: Sakamoto Daigo , Hamaguchi Toyohiro , Kanemura Naohiko , Yasojima Takashi , Kubota Keisuke , Suwabe Ryota , Nakayama Yasuhide , Abo Masahiro
Published: May 2024

The reaching motion to the back of the head with the hand is an important movement for daily living. The scores of upper limb function tests used in clinical practice alone are difficult to use as a reference when planning exercises for movement improvements. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify in patients with mild hemiplegia the kinematic characteristics of paralyzed and non-paralyzed upper limbs reaching the occiput. Ten patients with post-stroke hemiplegia who attended the Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of the Jikei University Hospital and met the eligibility criteria were included. Reaching motion to the back of the head by the participants’ paralyzed and non-paralyzed upper limbs was measured using three-dimensional motion analysis, and the motor time, joint angles, and angular velocities were calculated. Repeated measures multivariate analysis of covariance was performed on these data. After confirming the fit to the binomial logistic regression model, the cutoff values were calculated using receiver operating characteristic curves. Pattern identification using random forest clustering was performed to analyze the pattern of motor time and joint angles. The cutoff values for the movement until the hand reached the back of the head were 1.6 s for the motor time, 55° for the maximum shoulder joint flexion angle, and 145° for the maximum elbow joint flexion angle. The cutoff values for the movement from the back of the head to the hand being returned to its original position were 1.6 s for the motor time, 145° for the maximum elbow joint flexion angle, 53°/s for the maximum angular velocity of shoulder joint abduction, and 62°/s for the maximum angular velocity of elbow joint flexion. The numbers of clusters were three, four, and four for the outward non-paralyzed side, outward and return paralyzed side, and return non-paralyzed side, respectively. The findings obtained by this study can be used for practice planning in patients with mild hemiplegia who aim to improve the reaching motion to the occiput.
Persistence of genetically engineered canola populations in the U.S. and the adventitious presence of transgenes in the environment
Authors: Travers Steven E. , Bishop D. Bryan , Sagers Cynthia L.
Published: May 2024

Feralization of genetically engineered (GE) crops increases the risk that transgenes will become integrated into natural and naturalizing plant populations. A key assumption of the management of GE crops is that populations of escaped plants are short-lived and therefore the risks they pose are limited. However, few populations of escaped crop plants have been tracked over the long term so our understanding of their persistence in ruderal or natural landscapes is limited. We repeated a large-scale road survey of feral GE canola populations in North Dakota, USA, initially conducted in 2010. Our objectives in 2021 were to determine the current distribution of feral canola populations, and to establish the relative frequency of GE and non-GE phenotypes in populations of canola throughout North Dakota. Our results indicate that, although the incidence of feral canola was less in 2021 than 2010, escaped canola populations remain common throughout the state. The prevalence of alternate forms of GE herbicide resistance changed between surveys, and we found an overabundance of non-GE plants compared to the frequency of non-transgenic forms in cultivation. Indirect evidence of persistence includes sampling plants with multiple transgenic traits, and finding populations far from transportation routes. We conclude that feral canola populations expressing transgenic herbicide resistance are established outside of cultivation, that they may be under selection for loss of the transgene, but that they nonetheless pose long-term risks by harboring transgenes in the unmanaged landscape.
Inadequate sanitation in healthcare facilities: A comprehensive evaluation of toilets in major hospitals in Dhaka, Bangladesh
Authors: Amin Nuhu , Foster Tim , Hossain Md. Imam , Hasan Md Rezaul , Sarkar Supriya , Rahman Aninda , Adnan Shaikh Daud , Rahman Mahbubur , Willetts Juliet
Published: May 2024

Background

Lack of access to functional and hygienic toilets in healthcare facilities (HCFs) is a significant public health issue in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), leading to the transmission of infectious diseases. Globally, there is a lack of studies characterising toilet conditions and estimating user-to-toilet ratios in large urban hospitals in LMICs. We conducted a cross-sectional study in 10-government and two-private hospitals to explore the availability, functionality, cleanliness, and user-to-toilet ratio in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Methods

From Aug-Dec 2022, we undertook infrastructure assessments of toilets in selected hospitals. We observed all toilets and recorded attributes of intended users, including sex, disability status, patient status (in-patient/out-patient/caregiver) and/or staff (doctor/nurse/cleaner/mixed-gender/shared). Toilet functionality was defined according to criteria used by the WHO/UNICEF Joint-Monitoring Programme in HCFs. Toilet cleanliness was assessed, considering visible feces on any surface, strong fecal odor, presence of flies, sputum, insects, and rodents, and solid waste.

Results

Amongst 2875 toilets, 2459 (86%) were observed. Sixty-eight-percent of government hospital toilets and 92% of private hospital toilets were functional. Only 33% of toilets in government hospitals and 56% in private hospitals were clean. A high user-to-toilet ratio was observed in government hospitals’ outpatients service (214:1) compared to inpatients service (17:1). User-to-toilet ratio was also high in private hospitals’ outpatients service (94:1) compared to inpatients wards (19:1). Only 3% of toilets had bins for menstrual-pad disposal and <1% of toilets had facilities for disabled people.

Conclusion

A high percentage of unclean toilets coupled with high user-to-toilet ratio hinders the achievement of SDG by 2030 and risks poor infection-control. Increasing the number of usable, clean toilets in proportion to users is crucial. The findings suggest an urgent call for attention to ensure basic sanitation facilities in Dhaka’s HCFs. The policy makers should allocate resources for adequate toilets, maintenance staff, cleanliness, along with strong leadership of the hospital administrators.