bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Simultaneous Model for Simulating the Propagation of Hydraulic Head in Aquifers with Leakage Pathways
Authors: Lee Seong Jun
Published: May 2016

A three-dimensional simultaneous solution model was developed for analysis of variable transient flows, specifically leakage associated with arbitrary groundwater aquifers. The model simultaneously calculates leakage rates using the hydraulic gradients between coupled leakage points at two leaky aquifers and evaluates the propagation of hydraulic heads in multiple aquifers resulting from that leakage. Important considerations for leakage simulation are variant leakage rates with time and leakage starting time. Two types of leakage pathways are specified in terms of the generated time, including (1) pre-existing leakage pathways and (2) abruptly-induced leakage pathways at specific times. The governing equation with a leakage term is composed of three finite difference equations, and its form depends on whether leakage pathways pre-exist or are induced at specified times according to known or assumed aquifer histories. The developed numerical code was validated by comparison with the results of the TOUGH2/EOS1 program for a three-dimensional conceptual domain.
Social Information Processing and Reactive and Proactive Aggression among Children with ADHD
Authors: Hammad Muhammad Ahmed , Awed Huda Shaaban Muhammad
Published: May 2016

This study examined the social information processing qualities among children with reactive and proactive aggression among children with Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD). It enrolled a total of 112 Saudi school children (62 boys, 50 girls; mean age = 9.26 years, SD = 1.98) of which 51 were diagnosed with ADHD and 61 typically developing peers. Data on children’s social informational processing and type of aggression displayed were gathered and analyzed for group differences by diagnosis and gender within diagnosis. Findings suggest gaps in social information processing and elevated aggression levels among children with ADHD compared to typical others. Male children with ADHD to present mostly with proactive aggression and self-serving information processing. Female ADHD were characterized by reactive aggression and selective information processing. Implicit socialization processes might explain the differences in social information processing and type of aggression among male and female students with Arabic culture background.
Probleemanalyse is het halve werk
Authors: Waardenburg Maurits , Keijser Bas , Groenleer Martijn , de Jong Jorrit
Published: May 2016

Problem analysis is half the work. Cooperation and innovation in the struggle against subversive criminality

Science and practice are largely agreed on the importance of interorganizational cooperation in the approach of tackling complex societal problems. Organization transcending innovation through this type of cooperation however appears to be complicated. Based on an analysis of the literature about partnerships, the authors distinguish three challenges: coping with the tension between old and new accountability structures, building good working relationships and developing capabilities for problem-oriented working. Starting from these insights they designed action research into problem-oriented partnerships in the safety domain (safety chain). Their main question was: what is the most important obstacle for innovation through problem-oriented interorganizational cooperation? Over a period of nine months, they watched eight teams of professionals from different organizations. Their task was to develop and implement innovative approaches to tackle persistent organized crime. Although all three challenges identified in the literature indeed played a prominent role, problem diagnosis and problem definition appeared to be the main obstacle for the teams. In this article the authors describe the action research and explore, on the basis of the results and the literature, how partnerships could cope in practice with the challenge of problem definition and problem analysis. They conclude the article with suggestions for the design of a follow-up round of the action research.
Action-Centered Faith, Doubt, and Rationality
Authors: McKaughan Daniel J. ,   Philosophy Documentation Center
Published: May 2016

Popular discussions of faith often assume that having faith is a form of believing on insufficient evidence and that having faith is therefore in some way rationally defective. Here I offer a characterization of action-centered faith and show that action-centered faith can be both epistemically and practically rational even under a wide variety of subpar evidential circumstances.
An Appeeling Activity
Authors: Urich Joshua A. , Sasse Elizabeth A.
Published: May 2016

Students peel oranges to explore the surface area and volume of a sphere.
Korean College Entrance Exams: An Inside Look
Authors: Hong Dae S. , Choi Kyong Mi
Published: May 2016

The mathematical concepts, skills, and problem-solving methods that Korean students need to know in preparation for high-stakes testing.
The Back Page: Financing a College Education
Authors: Crowley Laura M.
Published: May 2016

A favorite lesson is presented by a teacher. This lesson involves student participation in planning post-secondary school financing. Compound interest and the present and future value formulas are the mathematical basis for the lesson.
Quick Reads: A Handy Multiplication Mystery
Authors: Christensen Evelyn B. , Christensen Stephen M.
Published: May 2016

We had just finished a Thanksgiving meal last year, and several family members were relaxing on the front porch. I sat on the swing next to my eight-year-old niece. “What interesting things have you been learning in school recently?” I asked. She told me that she had been learning her multiplication tables. As a former math teacher and elementary teacher, I was pleased that she considered learning math to be interesting.
Palette of Problems – August 2011
Authors: Rock David , Porter Mary K.
Published: May 2016

A monthly set of problems is aimed at a variety of ability levels.
Canine Conjectures: Using Data for Proportional Reasoning
Authors: Westenskow Arla , Moyer-Packenham Patricia S.
Published: May 2016

A family dog supplies the measurements for scatter plots and variables so that students can explore relationships among data sets—not to mention paws and tails.
A Geometric Path to the Concept of Function
Authors: Steketee Scott , Scher Daniel
Published: May 2016

Transformations using dynamic software can provide a unique perspective on a common topic.
Exploring Combinations with Apples and Bananas
Authors: McGrath Sandra F. , Sanford Tammy J.
Published: May 2016

Students say some amazing things. This department highlights the learning of one or two students and their approach to solving a math problem or prompt. Each article includes the prompt used to initiate the discussion, a portion of dialogue, student work samples (when applicable) and teacher insights into the mathematical thinking of the students. In this article, Walker shares his thoughts on compensation with his classmates as they explore the relationships between the combinations of apples and bananas in a fruit bowl.
Reapropiándonos de nuestras vidas. Un espacio para el empoderamiento y la visibilización de mujeres lesbianas, bisexuales y pansexuales
Authors: Poch Riquer Laura , Francisco Andrea
Published: May 2016

El presente artículo busca difundir el proyecto Reapropiándonos de nuestras vidas. En él, un grupo de mujeres lesbianas, bisexuales y pansexuales elaboramos colaborativamente relatos de nuestras vidas con el objetivo de visibilizar experiencias fuera de los discursos producidos por el sistema patriarcal y heteronormativo. En el proceso construimos un espacio de seguridad, confianza e intimidad que nos ha permitido repensar nuestra vida junto con otras, además de generar un material didáctico para trabajar la diversidad sexual a partir de mostrar modelos, prácticas y deseos alternativos a la heterosexualidad.
La emergencia de otra política para una democracia real: 15-M, PAH…
Authors: Mir Garcia Jordi
Published: May 2016

Los movimientos sociales son indicadores del malestar que existe en una sociedad y de la capacidad para tratar de dar respuestas. Es buena señal de la salud de esta sociedad que tengamos conocimiento de todo lo que pueden aportar y también de sus posibles limitaciones, de sus puntos fuertes y débiles. El periodo de movilización en el que entramos a partir del 15 de mayo de 2011 y en el que todavía estamos ha llevado a pensar a muchas personas pertenecientes a diferentes sectores de nuestra sociedad que la participación en el gobierno de las sociedades de las que formamos parte tendría que tener que ver con algo más que el voto. Asistimos a una reivindicación de la participación en las decisiones de todo aquello que nos afecta. A la exigencia de otra política. Una política con más participación, mejor representación, más transparente y con mayores mecanismos de rendimiento de cuentas, atenta a las necesidades y derechos del conjunto de la ciudadanía. No es un reto fácil, pero para muchas personas es por donde pasa la salida de la verdadera crisis que se está viviendo en España.
Del “Que se vayan todos” al “No nos representan”. Respuestas a la crisis económica en Argentina y España
Authors: Nuño de la Rosa García Julia
Published: May 2016

Las respuestas sociales a la crisis de 2001 en Argentina marcan un antes y un después en las movilizaciones populares del país, en cuanto a nuevas formas de protesta, organización y acción colectiva. El asamblearismo, las caceroladas, la toma de fábricas o la recuperación de espacios desocupados, son algunas de las estrategias de acción normalizadas a partir 2001.Diez años después, la crisis económica en el Estado Español, también marca un punto de inflexión en la movilización social del país, que llega a su punto álgido el 15 de mayo de 2011. “Lxs indignadxs” recuperarán algunas de las formas de protesta que veíamos en Argentina, pero también, establecerá nuevas vías de acción y desobediencia.Las diferencias de contexto, social y político, determinarán que en Argentina surjan movimientos relacionados con reivindicaciones barriales y laborales (piqueteros), o con la crisis monetaria (ahorristas), mientras que en España, surjen plataformas ciudadanas relacionadas con los recortes sociales en materias de educación, sanidad, etc., o la crisis inmobiliaria (afectados por las hipotecas, desahucios, etc).Desde el reconocimiento de sus similitudes y diferencias, en este artículo intentaremos analizar dos de las experiencias de movilización social más importantes de la última década.
Mundo árabe: retrocesos, derrotas, luchas
Authors: Alba Rico Santiago
Published: May 2016

Tres años después, las revoluciones parecen haber conducido a una derrota total o, al menos a retrocesos tan claros y a veces tan trágicos que resulta difícil columbrar bajo las involuciones golpistas o los conflictos violentos el original impulso democrático que desencadenó las protestas populares. ¿Qué queda de esas protestas? ¿Qué consecuencias han tenido, a nivel político y geoestratégico para el conjunto de la región? Cualesquiera que sean los retrocesos, lo que no se puede negar es que por primera vez desde la descolonización los pueblos árabes han irrumpido en el escenario de la historia y con su rebelión, fallida o no, han modificado radicalmente el orden geopolítico de la zona y del mundo.
Sindicalismo y crisis económica: Amenazas, retos y oportunidades.
Authors: Barranco Oriol , Molina Óscar
Published: May 2016

El artículo analiza el impacto que la actual crisis económica está teniendo en los sindicatos españoles y los desafíos, amenazas y oportunidades que ésta les plantea. Se señalan las implicaciones ambivalentes que tienen para los sindicatos los impactos de la crisis en el mercado de trabajo, estado del bienestar, gobernanza y representación política. Se defiende que el deterioro del mercado de trabajo genera un descontento social potencialmente canalizable por los sindicatos, pero también intensifica y agrava las dificultades sindicales para representar a desempleados y trabajadores atípicos. La reducción de la protección y cobertura del estado del bienestar también contribuye a dicho descontento social, pero puede disminuir la confianza ciudadana en la eficiencia de la acción sindical. La crisis de gobernanza pone en cuestión el papel sociopolítico jugado por los sindicatos mayoritarios y les deja sin una de sus fuentes tradicionales de legitimación que era el diálogo social. Finalmente, la crisis del sistema de representación política afecta a los sindicatos disminuyendo la confianza social en ellos. En este contexto, el desafío de los sindicatos es conseguir adaptar su acción a las nuevas circunstancias para que los trabajadores los continúen viendo como útiles y eficientes para defender sus intereses.
Minimum Eccentricity Shortest Paths in some Structured Graph Classes
Authors: Dragan Feodor , Leitert Arne
Published: May 2016

We investigate the Minimum Eccentricity Shortest Path problem in some structured graph classes. It asks for a given graph to find a shortest path with minimum eccentricity. Although it is NP-hard in general graphs, we demonstrate that a minimum eccentricity shortest path can be found in linear time for distance-hereditary graphs (generalizing the previous result for trees) and give a generalised approach which allows to solve the problem in polynomial time for other graph classes. This includes chordal graphs, dually chordal graphs, graphs with bounded tree-length, and graphs with bounded hyperbolicity. Additionally, we give a simple algorithm to compute an additive approximation for graphs with bounded tree-length and graphs with bounded hyperbolicity.
Enquiry into the Nature of Liberation: Bhaṭṭa Rāmakaṇṭha’s Paramokṣanirāsakārikāvṛtti, a Commentary on Sadyojyotiḥ’s Refutation of Twenty Conceptions of the Liberated State (mokṣa). Edited and translated by Alex Watson, Dominic Goodall, and
Authors: Nicholson Andrew J.
Published: May 2016

An Enquiry into the Nature of Liberation: Bhaṭṭa Rāmakaṇṭha’s Paramokṣanirāsakārikāvṛtti, a Commentary on Sadyojyotiḥ’s Refutation of Twenty Conceptions of the Liberated State (mokṣa). Edited and translated by Alex Watson, Dominic Goodall, and S. L. P. Anjaneya Sarma. Collection Indologie, vol. 122. Pondicherry: Institut Français de Pondichéry, École française d’Extrême-Orient, 2013. Pp. 508. €38.
Visualization of hepatitis B virus entry – novel tools and approaches to directly follow virus entry into hepatocytes
Authors: Zhang Zhenfeng , Zehnder Benno , Damrau Christine , Urban Stephan
Published: May 2016

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a widespread human pathogen, responsible for chronic infections of ca. 240 million people worldwide. Until recently, the entry pathway of HBV into hepatocytes was only partially understood. The identification of human sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) as a bona fide receptor of HBV has provided us with new tools to investigate this pathway in more details. Combined with advances in virus visualization techniques, approaches to directly visualize HBV cell attachment, NTCP interaction, virion internalization and intracellular transport are now becoming feasible. This review summarizes our current understanding of how HBV specifically enters hepatocytes, and describes possible visualization strategies applicable for a deeper understanding of the underlying cell biological processes.
Likelihood testing of seismicity‐based rate forecasts of induced earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas
Authors: Moschetti M. P. , Hoover S. M. , Mueller C. S.
Published: May 2016

Likelihood testing of induced earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas has identified the parameters that optimize the forecasting ability of smoothed seismicity models and quantified the recent temporal stability of the spatial seismicity patterns. Use of the most recent 1 year period of earthquake data and use of 10–20 km smoothing distances produced the greatest likelihood. The likelihood that the locations of January–June 2015 earthquakes were consistent with optimized forecasts decayed with increasing elapsed time between the catalogs used for model development and testing. Likelihood tests with two additional sets of earthquakes from 2014 exhibit a strong sensitivity of the rate of decay to the smoothing distance. Marked reductions in likelihood are caused by the nonstationarity of the induced earthquake locations. Our results indicate a multiple‐fold benefit from smoothed seismicity models in developing short‐term earthquake rate forecasts for induced earthquakes in Oklahoma and Kansas, relative to the use of seismic source zones.
Surface and Interface Modified Thermal, Structural and Charge Transport Properties in Conjugated Polymer Thin Films
Authors: Qin Hui , Liu Dan , Wang Tao
Published: May 2016

Conjugated polymers are widely employed as the active layer in various electronic and optoelectronic devices. In this article, the modifications of thermal, structural and charge transport properties of conjugated polymers confined in thin film geometry are reviewed. Deviations of thermal transition temperatures of conjugated polymers are summarized and discussed through lessons drawn from conventional saturated polymer thin films. These phenomena are explained by the surface and interface effects that virtually divide a thin film into several vertically heterogeneous layers each having different physical characters. The precise determination of thermal transition temperatures as a guide for rational thermal treatments of various devices is highlighted. We then review surface and interface mediated molecular structure in conjugated polymer thin films via surface‐ and bulk‐ sensitive techniques, e.g. near‐edge X‐ray absorption fine structure and grazing‐incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering, and discuss how local morphology can affect charge mobility in the out‐of plane and in‐plane directions in diodes and field‐effect transistors. A thorough understanding of these phenomena and the underlying mechanism is critical for the rational design and precise control of devices for high performance.
Control of the Hydrophilic/Hydrophobic Behavior of Biodegradable Natural Polymers by Decorating Surfaces with Nano‐ and Micro‐Components
Authors: de Oliveira Gama Renata , Bretas Rosario E. S. , Oréfice Rodrigo Lambert
Published: May 2016

Packaging materials based on natural polymers are becoming popular because these polymers are derived from renewable resources and can display biodegradability. However, natural polymers are typically highly hydrophilic, and packaging films produced with them can absorb water, leading to dimensional changes and reductions in mechanical properties. In this work, films of thermoplastic starch (TPS) and blends of TPS/low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) were prepared, and their surfaces were decorated to alter their hydrophilic characteristics. Micro‐ (polymer microspheres) and nano‐components (polycaprolactone electrospun nanofibers) were deposited on the surface of starch and its blends with LDPE. Nanofibers containing silver sulfadiazine were also used to decorate the starch and its blends to change the topography (evaluated by SEM and atomic force microscopy) and to provide anti‐bacterial properties. High values of contact angle (CA) and low values of CA hysteresis were measured for the modified surfaces, including a CA higher than 150° and a hysteresis lower than 10°. Therefore, it was demonstrated that the intrinsically hydrophilic surfaces of biodegradable natural polymers could be altered by creating topographical patterns through decoration with nano‐/micro‐components to generate hydrophobic and even superhydrophobic features that can be useful in minimizing the water absorption of these materials.
Swampscott in International Context: Expanding Our Ecology of Knowledge
Authors: Sonn Christopher C.
Published: May 2016

In this paper, I offer reflections as someone from outside the United States about the Swampscott conference. I refer to Fryer and Fox's (The Community Psychologist, 24, 2014, 1) critique of the “Swampscott discourse” and its role in fixing the birthplace of community psychology. While the critique is important, I note the growing references to international community psychology and the need to view the discipline as a product of social political realities in different contexts, as well as dynamics of dominance and marginality in knowledge production in psychology. The work in the Global South presents opportunities to contribute to developing a decolonizing community psychology through expanding the ecology of knowledge.
Rapid clinical deterioration in an individual with Down syndrome
Authors: Jacobs Julia , Schwartz Alison , McDougle Christopher J. , Skotko Brian G.
Published: May 2016

A small percentage of adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome experience a rapid and unexplained deterioration in cognitive, adaptive, and behavioral functioning. Currently, there is no standardized work‐up available to evaluate these patients or treat them. Their decline typically involves intellectual deterioration, a loss of skills of daily living, and prominent behavioral changes. Certain cases follow significant life events such as completion of secondary school with friends who proceed on to college or employment beyond the individual with DS. Others develop this condition seemingly unprovoked. Increased attention in the medical community to clinical deterioration in adolescents and young adults with Down syndrome could provide a framework for improved diagnosis, evaluation, and treatment. This report presents a young adult male with Down syndrome who experienced severe and unexplained clinical deterioration, highlighting specific challenges in the systematic evaluation and treatment of these patients. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
14q13 distal microdeletion encompassing NKX2‐1 and PAX9: Patient report and refinement of the associated phenotype
Authors: Gentile Mattia , De Mattia Delia , Pansini Angela , Schettini Federico , Buonadonna Antonia Lucia , Capozza Manuela , Ficarella Romina , Laforgia Nicola
Published: May 2016

Chromosome 14q11‐q22 deletion syndrome (OMIM 613457) is a rare genomic disorder whose associated phenotype is heterogeneous, depending on the size, and, mostly, on the deleted region. We report the clinical and molecular characterization of a female newborn, whose phenotype was characterized by poor growth, dysmorphic facial features, subclinical hypothyroidism, and mild reduction of CD3CD8 Lymphocytes with increased CD4/CD8 ratio. By array‐CGH, we identified a 4.08 de novo interstitial deletion of the 14q13.2q21.1 region, which includes 16 OMIM genes.Our patient phenotype is compared with other published cases, for a better classification of the 14q11‐q22 deletion syndrome. We demonstrated that the 14q13.2q21.1 deletion, which encompasses NKX2‐1, but not FOXG1 gene and HPE8 region, identifies a well defined, more benign, microdeletion syndrome. This report confirms that an early identification with accurate characterization of the genomic disorders is of great relevance, enabling proper genetic counseling of the reproductive risk, as well as disease prognosis, and patient management. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Further delineation of FKBP14‐related Ehlers–Danlos syndrome: A patient with early vascular complications and non‐progressive kyphoscoliosis, and literature review
Authors: Dordoni Chiara , Ciaccio Claudia , Venturini Marina , Calzavara‐Pinton Piergiacomo , Ritelli Marco , Colombi Marina
Published: May 2016

FKBP14‐related Ehlers–Danlos syndrome (EDS) is an extremely rare recessive connective tissue disorder described for the first time in 2012 by Baumann and coworkers. The causal gene, FKBP14, encodes a member of the F506‐binding family of peptidyl‐prolyl cis‐trans isomerases. The paucity of patients described so far makes this disorder poorly defined at clinical level. Here, we report an additional pediatric patient, who is compound heterozygous for a recurrent and a novel FKBP14 mutation, and compare his phenotype with those available in literature. This evaluation confirms that kyphoscoliosis (either progressive or non‐progressive), myopathy, joint hypermobility, and congenital hearing loss (sensorineural, conductive, or mixed) are the typical features of the syndrome. Since the patient showed a severe cardiovascular event in childhood and atlantoaxial instability, this report expands the phenotype of the disorder and the allelic repertoire of FKBP14. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Biobehavioral consequences of prenatal exposure to a matrilineal overthrow and relocation in captive infant rhesus (Macaca mulatta) monkeys
Authors: Herrington Joshua A. , Del Rosso Laura A. , Capitanio John P.
Published: May 2016

There is a general consensus that perinatal experiences help to shape infant behavior; however, relatively little is known about the effects of prenatal experience on postnatal phenotype in non‐human primates. The current study sought to take advantage of a naturally occurring incident in a captive population of rhesus monkeys. Following a matrilineal overthrow in an outdoor field cage, pregnant female rhesus macaques were relocated from outdoor to indoor housing. Using data collected from the California National Primate Research Center's Biobehavioral Assessment Program, we assessed infants born to mothers that were in their first or second trimester of pregnancy during the overthrow and relocation, and compared their data with that of animals from two control groups born in the same year: indoor mother raised infants and field cage reared infants. Our results suggest that the experience of an overthrow and relocation during the first trimester elevated postnatal emotional responsiveness, while the same experience in the second trimester resulted in modified HPA axis regulation, elevated glucocorticoid output following maternal separation, and lower hematocrit levels compared to control groups. These data add to a growing body of literature that prenatal experiences represent a significant contribution to postnatal phenotypic variability. Findings such as ours have implications for studies in captive management and the management of captive rhesus monkey populations. Am. J. Primatol. 78:895–903, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Non‐invasive quantification of immunoglobulin A in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) at Gombe National Park, Tanzania
Authors: Lantz Emma L. , Lonsdorf Elizabeth V. , Heintz Matthew R. , Murray Carson M. , Lipende Iddi , Travis Dominic A. , Santymire Rachel M.
Published: May 2016

Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the primary antibody responsible for mucosal defense in mammals and has been used as a marker for chronic stress and immune status. Therefore, this antibody may provide a more reliable indicator of an individual's immunocompetence than is currently available through other methods. Immunoglobulin A has never before been quantified in a wild population of non‐human primates using non‐invasive sample collection techniques. In this study, we present methodology for non‐invasive IgA extraction in the field and provide quantification of mean fecal IgA concentrations in wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii). During the study period (November 2009–October 2010), we collected fecal samples (N = 1463) from 59 individuals at Gombe National Park, Tanzania. We modified a field extraction technique for steroidal hormones to extract IgA from the fecal samples and then quantified mean IgA concentrations (ng/g) using a commercial human IgA enzyme immunoassay. Mean IgA concentration varied among individuals but not by sex or reproductive status. Mature animals tended toward higher mean IgA concentration than immature. Mean IgA concentration differed by quartile season, following a similar pattern previously observed for respiratory illness rates in this population, with the late dry season having significantly higher averages than the late wet. A circadian rhythm was also evident with mean IgA concentrations higher in samples collected in the latter half of the day. These demographic and temporal patterns of IgA concentration provide baseline values necessary to interpret future results, which may be combined with other health values to better understand the role of health and long‐term stress in wild great ape populations. Am. J. Primatol. 80:e22558, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Effect of CuBr2salt treatment on the performance of nanocolloidal PPy:PSS multilayer thin film counter electrodes of dye‐sensitized solar cells
Authors: Maruthamuthu S. , Chandrasekaran J. , Manoharan D. , Karthick S. N. , Kim Hee‐Je
Published: May 2016

A thin Pt layer on fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) glass is commonly used as the counter electrode (CE) for dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs). We have investigated thin layers on FTO glass made from spherical polypyrrole (PPy)–poly(styrene sulfonate) (PSS) nanocolloidal particles with and without treatment of CuBr2and used them as CEs. The colloidal polymer composite (PPy:PSS) was spin‐coated at 4000 rpm, and PPy:PSS multilayer (one, three, five) films were employed as the CEs. Aqueous solutions of CuBr2(0.5Mand 1M) were coated onto the multilayer CEs, which increased the efficiency of DSCs. When compared with the untreated PPy:PSS counter electrodes, the CuBr2‐treated PPy:PSS films showed lower charge‐transfer resistance, higher surface roughness, and improved catalytic performance for the reduction of. The enhanced catalytic performance is attributed to the interaction of the superior electrocatalytic activity of PPy:PSS and CuBr2salt. Under standard AM 1.5 sunlight illumination, the counter electrodes based on a single‐layer PPy:PSS composite with 0.5Mand 1MCuBr2salt treatment demonstrated power conversion efficiencies (PCE) of 5.8% and 5.6%, respectively. These values are significantly higher than that of the untreated PPy:PSS CE and are comparable with that of a Pt CE. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci.2016,133, 43772.
Complexation of macroporous amphoteric cryogels based on N,N‐dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid with dyes, surfactant, and protein
Authors: Kudaibergenov Sarkyt E. , Tatykhanova Gulnur S. , Klivenko Alexey N.
Published: May 2016

Macroporous amphoteric cryogels based on N,N‐dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate and methacrylic acid p(DMAEM‐co‐MAA) crosslinked by N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide (MBAA) were synthesized by radical copolymerization of monomer mixtures in cryoconditions. The structure and morphology of cryogels were evaluated by FTIR and SEM. Cryogels exhibited interconnected porous structure with pore size ranging from 40 to 80 µm, which depended on their crosslinking degree. The value of the isoelectric point (IEP) of equimolar amphoteric cryogel determined from the water flux was equal to 4.4, while the IEP of cryogel with the excess of DMAEM units was equal to 7.1. The mechanical strength of equimolar amphoteric cryogels increases with increasing amount of crosslinking agent. The complexation ability of amphoteric cryogels with respect to surfactant, dyes, and protein was demonstrated. The adsorption isotherms with respect to anionic surfactant—sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (SDBS) and protein—lysozyme correspond to Langmuir equation, while adsorption isotherms of anionic and cationic dyes—methylene blue (MB) and methyl orange (MO) are well described by Freundlich equation. It was found that the binding ability of p(DMAEM‐co‐MAA) with respect to various low‐ and high‐molecular weight compounds changes in the following order: SDBS > lysozyme ≫ MO > MB. The preferential adsorption of MB from the mixture of protein and MB was shown. The quantitative release of protein, surfactant and dye molecules from the matrix of cryogels takes place at the IEP of cryogel. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2016, 133, 43784.
Natural‐Antioxidant‐Inspired Benzo[b]selenophenes: Synthesis, Redox Properties, and Antiproliferative Activity
Authors: Paegle Edgars , Domracheva Ilona , Turovska Baiba , Petrova Marina , Kanepe‐Lapsa Iveta , Gulbe Anita , Liepinsh Edvards , Arsenyan Pavel
Published: May 2016

The cyclization of arylalkynes under selenobromination conditions, combined with an acid‐induced 3,2‐aryl shift, was elaborated as a general synthetic pathway for the preparation of polyhydroxy‐2‐ and ‐3‐arylbenzo[b]selenophenes from the same starting materials. The redox properties, free‐radical‐scavenging ability, and cytotoxicity against malignant cell lines (MCF‐7, MDA‐MB‐231, HepG2, and 4T1) of the synthesized compounds were explored, and the obtained results were used to consider the structure–activity relationships (SARs) in these compounds. Consequently, the structural features that were responsible for the highly potent peroxyl‐radical‐scavenging activity were established.
Naphthyridine‐Benzoazaquinolone: Evaluation of a Tricyclic System for the Binding to (CAG)n Repeat DNA and RNA
Authors: Li Jinxing , Sakata Akihiro , He Hanping , Bai Li‐Ping , Murata Asako , Dohno Chikara , Nakatani Kazuhiko
Published: May 2016

The expansion of CAG repeats in the human genome causes the neurological disorder Huntington's disease. The small‐molecule naphthyridine‐azaquinolone NA we reported earlier bound to the CAG/CAG motif in the hairpin structure of the CAG repeat DNA. In order to investigate and improve NA‐binding to the CAG repeat DNA and RNA, we conducted systematic structure‐binding studies of NA to CAG repeats. Among the five new NA derivatives we synthesized, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay showed that all of the derivatives modified from amide linkages in NA to a carbamate linkage failed to bind to CAG repeat DNA and RNA. One derivative, NBzA, modified by incorporating an additional ring to the azaquinolone was found to bind to both d(CAG)9 and r(CAG)9. NBzA binding to d(CAG)9 was similar to NA binding in terms of large changes in the SPR assay and circular dichroism (CD) as well as pairwise binding, as assessed by electron spray ionization time‐of‐flight (ESI‐TOF) mass spectrometry. For the binding to r(CAG)9, both NA and NBzA showed stepwise binding in ESI‐TOF MS, and NBzA‐binding to r(CAG)9 induced more extensive conformational change than NA‐binding. The tricyclic system in NBzA did not show significant effects on the binding, selectivity, and translation, but provides a large chemical space for further modification to gain higher affinity and selectivity. These studies revealed that the linker structure in NA and NBzA was suitable for the binding to CAG DNA and RNA, and that the tricyclic benzoazaquinolone did not interfere with the binding.
Linear‐Quadratic Optimal Control Problem for Partially Observed Forward‐Backward Stochastic Differential Equations of Mean‐Field Type
Authors: Ma Heping , Liu Bin
Published: May 2016

This paper is concerned with the linear‐quadratic optimal control problem for partially observed forward‐backward stochastic differential equations (FBSDEs) of mean‐field type. Based on the classical spike variational method, backward separation approach as well as filtering technique, we first derive the necessary and sufficient conditions of the optimal control problem with the non‐convex domain. Nextly, by means of the decoupling technique, we obtain two Riccati equations, which are uniquely solvable under certain conditions. Also, the optimal cost functional is represented by the solutions of the Riccati equations for the special case.
Sea surface temperature influence on a winter cold front position and propagation: air–sea interactions of the ‘Nortes’ winds in the Gulf of Mexico
Authors: Passalacqua G. A. , Sheinbaum J. , Martinez J. A.
Published: May 2016

A high‐resolution, regional atmospheric model with different sea surface temperature (SST) boundary conditions (BC) is used to examine the air–sea interactions of the winter cold fronts (CF) advancing over the Gulf of Mexico (GoM). Comparison with oceanic‐buoy 10‐m wind, 2 m air temperature (AIR.2 m), sea level pressure (SLP) and SST reveals good agreement with observations. The CF propagation speed was significantly affected by the SST: higher SST produced faster CF traveling speeds. Using a 1‐D ocean mixed layer model as BC reduced the air–sea fluxes and the CF propagated slower but in accordance with the reanalysis data; representing an improvement in the numerical modeling of the CF propagation and airmass modification over the GoM.
Videoscopic ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy for groin lymph node metastases from melanoma
Authors: Sommariva A , Pasquali S , Cona C , Ciccarese A A , Saadeh L , Campana L G , Meroni M , Rossi C R
Published: May 2016

Background

Groin lymph node dissection for melanoma is burdened by high postoperative morbidity. Videoscopic lymphadenectomy may lower the incidence of complications, including infection, dehiscence and lymphoedema. This pilot study aimed to investigate the feasibility and postoperative outcomes of videoscopic ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy in patients with inguinal nodal melanoma metastases.

Methods

Patients with inguinal nodal metastases, with either a positive sentinel lymph node biopsy or clinically positive nodes from melanoma, were enrolled. Inguinal dissection was performed via three ports. Iliac dissection was obtained through a preperitoneal access. Intraoperative and postoperative data were collected.

Results

Of 23 patients selected for 24 procedures, four needed conversion to an open procedure. Median duration of surgery was 270 (i.q.r. 245–300) min. Wound-related postoperative complications occurred in four patients, although only one needed further intervention. The median number of excised lymph nodes was 21 (i.q.r. 15–25). After a median follow-up of 18 months, regional lymph node recurrence was observed in two patients.

Conclusion

Videoscopic ilioinguinal lymphadenectomy for melanoma groin lymph node metastases is technically feasible, safe, and associated with acceptable morbidity and oncological outcome.
Data‐driven projection method in fluid simulation
Authors: Yang Cheng , Yang Xubo , Xiao Xiangyun
Published: May 2016

Physically based fluid simulation requires much time in numerical calculation to solve Navier–Stokes equations. Especially in grid‐based fluid simulation, because of iterative computation, the projection step is much more time‐consuming than other steps. In this paper, we propose a novel data‐driven projection method using an artificial neural network to avoid iterative computation. Once the grid resolution is decided, our data‐driven method could obtain projection results in relatively constant time per grid cell, which is independent of scene complexity. Experimental results demonstrated that our data‐driven method drastically speeded up the computation in the projection step. With the growth of grid resolution, the speed‐up would increase strikingly. In addition, our method is still applicable in different fluid scenes with some alterations, when computational cost is more important than physical accuracy. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Surface Binding of TOTAPOL Assists Structural Investigations of Amyloid Fibrils by Dynamic Nuclear Polarization NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Nagaraj Madhu , Franks Trent W. , Saeidpour Siavash , Schubeis Tobias , Oschkinat Hartmut , Ritter Christiane , van Rossum Barth‐Jan
Published: May 2016

Dynamic nuclear polarization (DNP) NMR can enhance sensitivity but often comes at the price of a substantial loss of resolution. Two major factors affect spectral quality: low‐temperature heterogeneous line broadening and paramagnetic relaxation enhancement (PRE) effects. Investigations by NMR spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC), and EPR revealed a new substantial affinity of TOTAPOL to amyloid surfaces, very similar to that shown by the fluorescent dye thioflavin‐T (ThT). As a consequence, DNP spectra with remarkably good resolution and still reasonable enhancement could be obtained at very low TOTAPOL concentrations, typically 400 times lower than commonly employed. These spectra yielded several long‐range constraints that were difficult to obtain without DNP. Our findings open up new strategies for structural studies with DNP NMR spectroscopy on amyloids that can bind the biradical with affinity similar to that shown towards ThT.
Metalloporphyrin‐Based Hypercrosslinked Polymers Catalyze Hetero‐Diels–Alder Reactions of Unactivated Aldehydes with Simple Dienes: A Fascinating Strategy for the Construction of Heterogeneous Catalysts
Authors: Dou Zhiyu , Xu Li , Zhi Yongfeng , Zhang Yuwei , Xia Hong , Mu Ying , Liu Xiaoming
Published: May 2016

We describe a novel and intriguing strategy for the construction of efficient heterogeneous catalysts by hypercrosslinking catalyst molecules in a one‐pot Friedel–Crafts alkylation reaction. The new hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) as porous solid catalysts exhibit the combined advantages of homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis, owing to their high surface area, good stability, and tailoring of catalytic centers on the frameworks. Indeed, a new class of metalloporphyrin‐based HCPs were successfully synthesized using modified iron(III) porphyrin complexes as building blocks, and the resulting networks were found to be excellent recyclable heterogeneous catalysts for the hetero‐Diels–Alder reaction of unactivated aldehydes with 1,3‐dienes. Moreover, this new strategy showed wide adaptability, and many kinds of homogeneous‐like solid‐based catalysts with high catalytic performance and excellent recyclability were also constructed.
ChemInform Abstract: THREE CRYSTALLINE POLYMORPHS OF KFESIO4, POTASSIUM FERRISILICATE
Authors: BENTZEN J. J.
Published: May 2016

Rhombisches α‐KFeSiO4, hexagonales β‐KFeSiO4 und hexagonales 7‐KFeSiO4 werden durch Entglasung von KFeSiO4‐Glas dargestellt (Röntgen‐Pulverdaten).
ChemInform Abstract: THERMOCHEMISTRY OF MIXTURES OF LANTHANOID CHLORIDES WITH CHLORIDES OF SOME DIVALENT CATIONS
Authors: ENNINGA E. , ALBERTS G. , BLACHNIK R.
Published: May 2016

Die Zustandsdiagramme der Systeme (I)‐(IV) werden mit Hilfe der DTA bestimmt.
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES IN AROMATIC NITRATION. 2. NITROGEN‐14 NMR STUDY OF THE NITRIC ACID/NITRONIUM ION EQUILIBRIUM IN AQUEOUS SULFURIC ACID
Authors: ROSS D. S. , KUHLMANN K. F. , MALHOTRA R.
Published: May 2016

14N‐NMR‐Messungen an 81‐96proz. H2SO4‐Lösungen bei 25°C liefern im Gegensatz zu den Beobachtungen von Seel et al. (1972) getrennte Signale für HNO3 und NO2+.
ChemInform Abstract: MIXED‐VALENCE CHEMISTRY OF ADJACENT VANADIUM CENTERS IN HETEROPOLYTUNGSTATE ANIONS. I. SYNTHESIS AND ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES OF MONO‐, DI‐, AND TRISUBSTITUTED DERIVATIVES OF α‐OCTADECATUNGSTODIPHOSPHATE(6‐) ION (α‐(P2W18O62)6‐)
Authors: HARMALKER S. P. , LEPARULO M. A. , POPE M. T.
Published: May 2016

Heteropolywolframate α‐[P,(W,V)ig06,]"′ mit ein, zwei oder drei V‐Atomen in einem der zwei äquivalenten M3Olg‐"Caps" der α‐Pzwm′ Obz‐Struktur wurden synthetisiert und u.a. an verschiedenen Derivaten (reduziert und mit gemischten Valenzen) elektrochemisch und durch optische und ESR‐ sowie 31P‐ und "V‐NMR‐Spektroskopie charakterisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: RELATION BETWEEN STRUCTURES AND SPECTROSCOPIC PROPERTIES OF GROUP IIB METAL (M(CHELATE)X2) COMPLEXES (X = CL, BR, I). CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF (H2NCH2(CH3)2CCH2NH2)MX2 COMPLEXES (M = ZN, X = CL, BR; M = CD, X = BR)
Authors: CARIATI F. , CIANI G. , MENABUE L. , PELLACANI G. C. , RASSU G. , SIRONI A.
Published: May 2016

Durch 1:1 molare Umsetzung der Metallhalogenide mit dem Liganden in Methanol wird die Reihe der d′° MetallUU‐Verbindungen vom Typ (l ) synthetisiert.
ChemInform Abstract: ELECTROCHEMICAL ADAMANTYLATION OF STYRYLPYRIDINES
Authors: HESS U. , HUHN D.
Published: May 2016

Bei der Elektroreduktion der 4‐Styryl‐pyridine (I) in Gegenwart von 1‐Brorn‐adamantan in Lösungsmitteln geringer Protonendichte reagieren die elektrochemisch erzeugten Anionradikale der Styrole (voltammetrische Untersuchungen) mit Adamantyl‐Radikalen unter Bildung der Addukte (II) und (III).
ChemInform Abstract: SEPARATION OF RACEMATES OF 1,2‐DISUBSTITUTED GLYCEROL DERIVATIVES IN TO ANTIPODES
Authors: ANDGULADZE M. K. , KAPLUN A. P. , KULISH M. A. , SHVETS V. I.
Published: May 2016

Die racemischen Gemische des Di‐O‐benzylglycerins (Ia) bzw. des O‐Stearoyl‐O‐ benzylglycerins (Ib) werden mit Acetylbromglucose (II) bzw. mit Mannose‐tert.‐butylorthoacetat (V) in die als chromatographisch trennbare Diastereomerenpaare anfallenden Glycoside (III) und (IV) bzw. (VI) und (VII) übergeführt, die chromatographisch getrennt werden.
ChemInform Abstract: COMPLETE ASYMMETRIC INDUCTIONS IN DIELS‐ALDER REACTIONS OF CHIRAL SULFINES
Authors: PORSKAMP P. A. T. W. , HALTIWANGER R. C. , ZWANENBURG B.
Published: May 2016

Cycloadditionsreaktionen von 2,3‐Din1ethyl‐l ,3‐′butadien (V) mit chiralen Campheroder Sulfoximino‐substituierten Sulfinen laufen unter asymmetrischer Induktion ab.
ChemInform Abstract: SINGLET OXYGEN GENERATION FOR SOLUTION KINETICS: CLEAN AND SIMPLE
Authors: MIDDEN W. R. , WANG S. Y.
Published: May 2016

Die beschriebene Methode beruht darauf, daß 1 mm oberhalb der Oberfläche der Reaktionslösung ein in Silicagel auf einer Glasplatte fixierter Sensibilisator angebracht wird.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF 3‐OXOBUTANAL DERIVATIVES CONTAINING FUNCTIONAL GROUPS IN THE MESOMETHYLENE SECTION
Authors: ZAICHENKO YU. A. , KORMER M. V. , VIL'DAVSKAYA A. I. , RALL' K. B. , MARETINA I. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Arbeit wurde in der Absicht durchgeführt, zu in Position 5 substituierten Pyridin‐ bzw. Pyrimidinderivaten zu gelangen.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF N3‐4‐SUBSTITUTED‐ARYL‐N1‐(ALKYL/ARYL‐SUBSTITUTED ARYL)TRIAZENE N1‐OXIDES AS POTENTIAL ANTICONVULSANT AGENTS
Authors: KUMAR A. , MUKERJEE S. K. , BHATTACHARYA S. K.
Published: May 2016

Die durch Kupplung von Diazoniumsalzen (I) auf Hydroxylamine (II) erhaltenen Triazen‐N‐oxide (III) werden auf krampflösende Wirkung geprüft.
ChemInform Abstract: AN ACID‐CATALYZED REARRANGEMENT OF N‐ALKYL‐N′‐PHENOXYUREAS; SYNTHESIS OF 2‐ALKYLAMINOPHENOLS FROM PHENOLS
Authors: ENDO Y. , SHUDO K. , OKAMOTO T.
Published: May 2016

O‐Phenyl‐hydroxylamin (I) wird mit Isocyanaten (II) in N′‐Phenoxyharnstoffe (III) übergeführt, die sich bei der Behandlung mit Trifluoressigsäure zu N‐(2‐Hydroxyphenyl)‐harnstoffen (IV) umlagern.
ChemInform Abstract: SYNTHESIS OF Nα‐(4‐METHYLBENZOYL)‐4‐AMIDINOPHENYLALANINAMIDES AND ‐ESTER
Authors: VIEWEG H. , WAGNER G.
Published: May 2016

Die Nitrilgruppe des 4‐Cyanphenylalaninamids (I) wird nach bekannten Verfahren über Thioamide und Thioamidsäureester in die Amidingruppierung übergeführt.
ChemInform Abstract: REAGENTS AND SYNTHETIC METHODS; 22. 1‐CHLOROSULFINYL‐4‐DIMETHYLAMINOPYRIDINIUM CHLORIDE AS A NEW REAGENT FOR THE DEHYDRATION OF ALDOXIMES TO NITRILES
Authors: ARRIETA A. , PALOMO C.
Published: May 2016

Das aus 4‐Dimethylaminopyridin und Thionylchlorid zugängliche Chlorsulfinylpyridiniumsalz (II) überführt Aldoxime (I) bei niedrigen Temperaturen rasch in Nitrile (III).
ChemInform Abstract: PREPARATION OF GEOMETRICALLY ISOMERIC β‐(CARBOXYMETHYLTHIO)CINNAMIC ACIDS AND THEIR DIMETHYL ESTERS. CYCLIZATION OF THE ESTERS TO THIOPHENE COMPOUNDS
Authors: LARSSON E.
Published: May 2016

Phenylpropio1‐ säure (IIa) addiert Mercaptoessigsäure (Ia) unter Bildung des Zimtsäure‐Derivats (IIIa).
ChemInform Abstract: REACTION OF PHENOL WITH 1‐PHENYLCYCLOHEXENE IN THE PRESENCE OF ALUMINUM PHENOXIDE
Authors: KOZLIKOVSKII YA. B. , KOSHCHII V. A.
Published: May 2016

Die Alkylierung von Phenol (I) durch das Alken (II) in Gegenwart von (PhO)3Al als Katalysator liefert als Hauptprodukte die Phenyl‐hydroxyphenylcyclohexane (III) ‐ bis (VI), als Produkte der ionischen Hydrierung bzw. Dehydrierung das Cyclohexan (VII) bzw. Diphenyl (VIII) sowie mit Ausb. unter 1% die aus dem Zerfall der Cyclohexane (II)‐(VI) herrührenden Produkte (IX) und (X).
ChemInform Abstract: STUDIES ON β‐LACTAMS. PART 68. SYNTHESIS OF α‐HALO AND α‐DEUTERIO‐β‐LACTAMS
Authors: MANHAS M. S. , KHAJAVI M. S. , BARI S. S. , BOSE A. K.
Published: May 2016

Tribromessigsäure‐trimethylsilyIester (I) reagiert mit dem lmin (II) zum β‐Lactam (III).
ChemInform Abstract: 3‐OXOTETRAHYDROTHIOPHENE 1,1‐DIOXIDE. A VERSATILE SYNTHETIC INTERMEDIATE
Authors: BELLETIRE J. L. , SPLETZER E. G.
Published: May 2016

Das aus Sulfolen zugängliche Dibromid (I) wird mit Natriummethylat zum Ketal (II) umgesetzt, das zum im Titel genannten Keton (III) verseift wird.