bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Scale-Free Networks with the Same Degree Distribution: Different Structural Properties
Authors: Grisi-Filho José H. H. , Ossada Raul , Ferreira Fernando , Amaku Marcos
Published: May 2013

We have analysed some structural properties of scale-free networks with the same degree distribution. Departing from a degree distribution obtained from the Barabási-Albert (BA) algorithm, networks were generated using four additional different algorithms (Molloy-Reed, Kalisky, and two new models named A and B) besides the BA algorithm itself. For each network, we have calculated the following structural measures: average degree of the nearest neighbours, central point dominance, clustering coefficient, the Pearson correlation coefficient, and global efficiency. We found that different networks with the same degree distribution may have distinct structural properties. In particular, model B generates decentralized networks with a larger number of components, a smaller giant component size, and a low global efficiency when compared to the other algorithms, especially compared to the centralized BA networks that have all vertices in a single component, with a medium to high global efficiency. The other three models generate networks with intermediate characteristics between B and BA models. A consequence of this finding is that the dynamics of different phenomena on these networks may differ considerably.
Shape Effects of Iron Nanowires on Hyperthermia Treatment
Authors: Lin Wei-Syuan , Lin Hong-Ming , Chen Hsiang-Hsin , Hwu Yeu-Kuang , Chiou Yuh-Jing
Published: May 2013

This research discusses the influence of morphology of nanomagnetic materials (one‐dimensional iron nanowires and zero‐dimensional iron nanoparticles) on heating efficiency of the hyperthermia treatment. One‐dimensional iron nanowires, synthesized by reducing method in external magnetic field, are explored in terms of their material properties, magnetic anisotropy, and cytotoxicity of EMT‐6 cells. The magnetic anisotropy of an array of nanowires is examined in parallel and perpendicular magnetic fields by VSM. For the magnetic hyperthermia treatment tests, iron nanowires and nanoparticles with different concentrations are heated in alternating magnetic field to measure their actual heating efficiency and SLP heating properties. The shape effects of iron nanomaterials can be revealed from their heating properties. The cytotoxicity of nanowires with different concentrations is measured by its survival rate in EMT‐6 with the cells cultivated for 6 and 24 hours.
Nesting Associations without Interdependence: A Preliminary Review on Plesiobiosis in Ants
Authors: Kanizsai Orsolya , Lőrinczi Gábor , Gallé László
Published: May 2013

Plesiobiosis, the most basic form of interspecific associations in ants, denotes occasional or regular nesting of heterospecific colonies of certain species pairs in close proximity to each other without biological interdependence. Plesiobionts differ from each other both in morphology and in behaviour (e.g., in their foraging strategies), and at least one of the plesiobiotic pair is a submissive species. Recent studies on plesiobiosis have revealed thatFormica fuscaandLasius flavusare two of the most frequent plesiobionts. To date, at least 48 different plesiobiotic species pairs have been recorded from various habitat types of the Holarctic region. Two main habitat properties may play a role in the forming of plesiobiosis: the scarcity of suitable nesting sites as a forcing factor and the sufficient amount of food sources available, influencing the abundance of colonies. Thus, high colony density may contribute to the formation of such associations, resulting in (1) frequent nesting in each other's neighbourhood and (2) stronger intraspecific competition, which forces colonies into the vicinity of heterospecific nests. Plesiobiotic associations formed this way may promote persistent coexistence, leading to the formation of other types of interspecific associations (e.g., clepto- or lestobiosis).
Mechanical and Abrasive Wear Behavior of Metal Sulphide Lubricant Filled Epoxy Composites
Authors: Sudheer M. , Madhyastha N. Karthik , Amanna M. Kewin , Jonthan B. , Jayaprakash K. Mayur
Published: May 2013

The present work reveals the effect of the addition of commercial MoS2 (10 wt%) particles on mechanical and two-body abrasive wear behavior of epoxy with/without glass fiber mat reinforcement. The composites were fabricated using casting and simple hand lay-up techniques followed by compression molding. The mechanical properties such as density, hardness, tensile, and flexural properties were determined as per ASTM standards. The abrasive wear testing was carried out using pin-on-disc wear tester for different loads and abrading distances at constant speed of 1 m/s. A significant reduction in wear loss and specific wear rate was noticed after the incorporation of MoS2 filler allowing less wear of matrix during abrasion which in turn facilitated lower fiber damage. However the incorporation of MoS2 particles had a detrimental effect on most of the mechanical properties of the composites. The worn surface features were investigated through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in order to investigate the wear mechanisms.
The Effect ofAchyranthes asperaExtracts on Mild Steel Corrosion in Industrial Water Medium
Authors: Kumar Chikkur B. Pradeep , Mohana Kikkeri N.
Published: May 2013

Achyranthes aspera(AA) extracts were studied as corrosion inhibitor for mild steel (MS) in industrial water medium using mass loss and electrochemical techniques. The results of the study revealed that AA extracts inhibit MS corrosion through adsorption process following Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. The protection efficiency increased with increase in inhibitor concentration and decreased with temperature. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements showed that the charge transfer resistance increases with increase in the concentration of AA extracts. The polarization curves obtained indicate that AA extracts act as mixed type of inhibitor. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze the surface adsorbed film.
Synthesis and Characterization of Heteronuclear Copper(II)-Lanthanide(III) Complexes of N,N′-1,3-Propylenebis(Salicylaldiminato) Where Lanthanide(III) = Gd or Eu
Authors: Singh Longjam Jaideva , Singh Rajkumar Hemakumar
Published: May 2013

Three complexes, namely, [Cu(salbn)] (1), [Cu(salbn)Gd(NO3)3·H2O] (2), and [Cu(salbn)Eu(NO3)3·H2O] (3) where salbn = N,N′-1,3-propylenebis (salicylaldiminato) have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analyses, ICP-AES, IR, UV, NMR, MS, EDX, powder XRD, and EPR spectroscopies. The EDX results suggest the presence of two different metal ions in heteronuclear complexes (2) and (3). The ligand(salbn), complex (1), and complex (3) crystallize in triclinic system while complex (2) crystallizes in monoclinic system. The EPR studies suggest that [Cu(salbn)] complex is tetragonally coordinated monomeric copper(II) complex with unpaired electron in the dx2-y2 orbital and spectral features that are the characteristics of axial symmetry while complex (2) in DMF solution at liquid nitrogen temperature exhibits an anisotropic broad signal around g ~ 2.03 which may suggest a weak magnetic spin-exchange interaction between Gd(III) and Cu(II) ions. The fluorescence intensity of Eu(III) decreased markedly in the complex (3).
Mineral and Matrix Changes in Brtl/+Teeth Provide Insights into Mineralization Mechanisms
Authors: Boskey Adele L. , Verdelis Kostas , Spevak Lyudmila , Lukashova Lyudmila , Beniash Elia , Yang Xu , Cabral Wayne A. , Marini Joan C.
Published: May 2013

The Brtl/+ mouse is a knock-in model for osteogenesis imperfecta type IV in which a Gly349Cys substitution was introduced into one COL1A1 allele. To gain insight into the changes in dentin structure and mineral composition in these transgenic mice, the objective of this study was to use microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared imaging (FTIRI) to analyze these structures at 2 and 6 months of age. Results, consistent with the dental phenotype in humans with type IV OI, showed decreased molar volume and reduced mineralized tissue volume in the teeth without changes in enamel properties. Increased acid phosphate content was noted at 2 and 6 months by FTIRI, and a trend towards altered collagen structure was noted at 2 but not 6 months in the Brtl/+ teeth. The increase in acid phosphate content suggests a delay in the mineralization process, most likely associated with the defect in the collagen structure. It appears that in the Brtl/+ teeth slow maturation of the mineralized structures allows correction of altered mineral content and acid phosphate distribution.
Calculation of Thermal Pressure Coefficient of R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 Refrigerants by pVT Data
Authors: Moeini Vahid , Farzad Mahin
Published: May 2013

For thermodynamic performance to be optimized particular attention must be paid to the fluid’s thermal pressure coefficients and thermodynamic properties. A new analytical expression based on the statistical mechanics is derived for R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 refrigerants, using the intermolecular forces theory. In this paper, temperature dependency of the parameters of R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 refrigerants to calculate thermal pressure coefficients in the form of first order has been developed to second and third orders and their temperature derivatives of new parameters are used to calculate thermal pressure coefficients. These problems have led us to try to establish a function for the accurate calculation of the thermal pressure coefficients of R11, R13, R14, R22, R23, R32, R41, and R113 refrigerants based on statistical-mechanics theory for different refrigerants.
A Coherence Preservation Control Strategy in Cavity QED Based on Classical Quantum Feedback
Authors: Li Ming , Chen Wei , Gao Junli
Published: May 2013

For eliminating the unexpected decoherence effect in cavity quantum electrodynamics (cavity QED), the transfer function of Rabi oscillation is derived theoretically using optical Bloch equations. In particular, the decoherence in cavity QED from the atomic spontaneous emission is especially considered. A feedback control strategy is proposed to preserve the coherence through Rabi oscillation stabilization. In the scheme, a classical quantum feedback channel for the quantum information acquisition is constructed via the quantum tomography technology, and a compensation system based on the root locus theory is put forward to suppress the atomic spontaneous emission and the associated decoherence. The simulation results have proved its effectiveness and superiority for the coherence preservation.
Wronskian Envelope of a Lie Algebra
Authors: Poinsot Laurent
Published: May 2013

The famous Poincaré-Birkhoff-Witt theorem states that a Lie algebra, free as a module, embeds
into its associative envelope—its universal enveloping algebra—as a sub-Lie algebra for the usual commutator Lie bracket. However, there is another functorial way—less known—to associate a Lie algebra to an associative algebra and inversely. Any commutative algebra equipped with a derivation , that is, a commutative differential algebra, admits a Wronskian bracket under which it becomes a Lie algebra. Conversely, to any Lie algebra a commutative differential algebra is universally associated, its Wronskian envelope, in a way similar to the associative envelope. This contribution is the beginning of an investigation of these relations between Lie algebras and differential algebras which is parallel to the classical theory. In particular, we give a sufficient condition under which a Lie algebra may be embedded into its Wronskian envelope, and we present the construction of the free Lie algebra with this property.
Mitochondrial Signaling: Forwards, Backwards, and In Between
Authors: Whelan Sean P. , Zuckerbraun Brian S.
Published: May 2013

Mitochondria are semiautonomous organelles that are a defining characteristic of almost all eukaryotic cells. They are vital for energy production, but increasing evidence shows that they play important roles in a wide range of cellular signaling and homeostasis. Our understanding of nuclear control of mitochondrial function has expanded over the past half century with the discovery of multiple transcription factors and cofactors governing mitochondrial biogenesis. More recently, nuclear changes in response to mitochondrial messaging have led to characterization of retrograde mitochondrial signaling, in which mitochondria have the ability to alter nuclear gene expression. Mitochondria are also integral to other components of stress response or quality control including ROS signaling, unfolded protein response, mitochondrial autophagy, and biogenesis. These avenues of mitochondrial signaling are discussed in this review.
Study of Bovine Serum Albumin Solubility in Aqueous Solutions by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements
Authors: Masuelli Martin Alberto
Published: May 2013

The behavior of bovine serum albumin (BSA) in water is scarcely studied, and the thermodynamic properties arising from the experimental measurements have not been reported. Intrinsic viscosity measurements are very useful in assessing the interaction between the solute and solvent. This work discussed in a simple determination of the enthalpy of BSA in aqueous solution when the concentration ranges from 0.2 to 36.71% wt. and the temperature from 35 to40°C. The relationship between the concentration and intrinsic viscosity is determined according to the method of Huggins. The temperature increase reduces the ratio between inherent viscosity and concentration (ηi/c). This is reflected in the Van't Hoff curve. Furthermore, this work proposes hydrodynamic cohesion value as an indicator of the degree of affinity of protein with water and thermodynamic implications in conformational changes.
Endothelial Function in Women with and without a History of Glucose Intolerance in Pregnancy
Authors: Brewster Shireen , Floras John , Zinman Bernard , Retnakaran Ravi
Published: May 2013

Background/Aims. Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and milder gestational impaired glucose tolerance (GIGT) identify women who are at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Endothelial dysfunction, as indicated by impaired flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) on brachial artery ultrasound, is an early marker of vascular disease. Thus, we sought to evaluate endothelial function in women with and without recent glucose intolerance in pregnancy.Methods. One-hundred and seventeen women underwent oral glucose tolerance testing (OGTT) in pregnancy, enabling stratification into those with normal gestational glucose tolerance (n=59) and those with GDM or GIGT (n=58). 6 years postpartum, they underwent a repeat of OGTT and brachial artery FMD studies, enabling assessment of FMD and 4 secondary vascular measures: FMD after 60 seconds (FMD60), baseline arterial diameter, peak shear rate, and reactive hyperemia.Results. There were no differences between the normal gestational glucose tolerance and GDM/GIGT groups in FMD (mean 8.5 versus 9.3%,P=0.61), FMD60(4.1 versus 5.1%,P=0.33), baseline diameter (3.4 versus 3.4 mm,P=0.66), peak shear rate (262.6 versus 274.8 s−1,P=0.32), and reactive hyperemia (576.6 versus 496.7%,P=0.07). After covariate adjustment, there were still no differences between the groups.Conclusion. Despite their long-term cardiovascular risk, women with glucose intolerance in pregnancy do not display endothelial dysfunction 6 years postpartum.
Pacing Lead-Induced Granuloma in the Atrium: A Foreign Body Reaction to Polyurethane
Authors: Yoko Shinagawa , Kobayashi Yuka , Iiri Takao , Kitazawa Hitoshi , Okabe Masaaki , Kobayashi Hiroshi , Okazaki Etsuo , Aizawa Yoshifusa
Published: May 2013

We described a case of an 82-year-old male who presented with a granuloma entrapping the polyurethane-coated pacing lead at the site of contact on the atrium. He had been paced for 8 years without symptoms or signs suggestive of an allergic reaction to the pacemaker system and died from thrombosis of the superior mesenteric artery and heart failure. A histological examination of the nodule showed an incidental granuloma with multinucleated giant cells. No granuloma was found in the heart or the lung.
Advanced Stochastic Modeling of Railway Track Irregularities
Authors: Zhu Mengyi , Cheng Xiaohui , Miao Lixin , Sun Xinya , Wang Shuai
Published: May 2013

As an important interference source of railway vibration, track irregularity is studied in this paper. It is presented that irregularities in the vertical profile and alignment can be modeled as a Gaussian random process. The power spectral density (PSD) of the irregularity is calculated and discussed. By analyzing the model, level-crossing properties as well as peak statistics are studied and compared with the observed data.
Simulation of Quantum Dynamics Based on the Quantum Stochastic Differential Equation
Authors: Li Ming
Published: May 2013

The quantum stochastic differential equation derived from the Lindblad form quantum master equation is investigated. The general formulation in terms of environment operators representing the quantum state diffusion is given. The numerical simulation algorithm of stochastic process of direct photodetection of a driven two‐level system for the predictions of the dynamical behavior is proposed. The effectiveness and superiority of the algorithm are verified by the performance analysis of the accuracy and the computational cost in comparison with the classical Runge‐Kutta algorithm.
Fuzzy Bases of Fuzzy Domains
Authors: Rao Sanping , Li Qingguo
Published: May 2013

This paper is an attempt to develop quantitative domain theory over frames. Firstly, we propose the notion of a fuzzy basis, and several equivalent characterizations of fuzzy bases are obtained. Furthermore, the concept of a fuzzy algebraic domain is introduced, and a relationship between fuzzy algebraic domains and fuzzy domains is discussed from the viewpoint of fuzzy basis. We finally give an application of fuzzy bases, where the image of a fuzzy domain can be preserved under some special kinds of fuzzy Galois connections.
Molecular Characterization and Clinical Impact ofTMPRSS2-ERGRearrangement on Prostate Cancer: Comparison between FISH and RT-PCR
Authors: Fernández-Serra A. , Rubio L. , Calatrava A. , Rubio-Briones J. , Salgado R. , Gil-Benso R. , Espinet B. , García-Casado Z. , López-Guerrero J. A.
Published: May 2013

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a very heterogeneous disease, and there are constraints in its current diagnosis. Serum PSA levels, digital rectal examination (DRE), and histopathologic analysis often drive to overdiagnosis and overtreatment. Since 2005, the presence of the genetic rearrangement between transmembrane-serine protease gene (TMPRSS2) and the erythroblast transformation-specific (ETS) memberERG(v-ets erythroblastosis virus E26 oncogene homolog avian) has been demonstrated in almost half of PCa cases. Both FISH and RT-PCR are useful tools for detecting these rearrangements, but very few comparatives between both techniques have been published. In this study, we included FFPE tumors from 294 PCa patients treated with radical prostatectomy with more than 5 years of followup. We constructed a total of 20 tissue microarrays in order to perform break-apart and tricolor probe FISH approaches that were compared with RT-PCR, showing a concordance of 80.6% (P<0.001). The presence ofTMPRSS2-ERGrearrangement was observed in 56.6% of cases. No association betweenTMPRSS2-ERGstatus and clinicopathological parameters nor biochemical progression and clinical progression free survival was found. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that both FISH and RT-PCR are useful tools in the assessment of theTMPRSS2-ERGfusion gene status in PCa patients and that this genetic feature per se lacks prognostic value.
Comparison of Different Methods for Separation of Haploid Embryo Induced through Irradiated Pollen and Their Economic Analysis in Melon (Cucumis melo var. inodorus)
Authors: Baktemur Gökhan , Taşkın Hatıra , Büyükalaca Saadet
Published: May 2013

Irradiated pollen technique is the most successful haploidization technique within Cucurbitaceae. After harvesting of fruits pollinated with irradiated pollen, classical method called as “inspecting the seeds one by one” is used to find haploid embryos in the seeds. In this study, different methods were used to extract the embryos more easily, quickly, economically, and effectively. “Inspecting the seeds one by one” was used as control treatment. Other four methods tested were “sowing seeds direct nutrient media,” “inspecting seeds in the light source,” “floating seeds on liquid media,” and “floating seeds on liquid media after surface sterilization.” Y2 and Y3 melon genotypes selected from the third backcross population of Yuva were used as plant material. Results of this study show that there is no statistically significant difference among methods “inspecting the seeds one by one,” “sowing seeds direct CP nutrient media,” and “inspecting seeds in the light source,” although the average number of embryos per fruit is slightly different. No embryo production was obtained from liquid culture because of infection. When considered together with labor costs and time required for embryo rescue, the best methods were “sowing seeds directly in the CP nutrient media“ and ”inspecting seeds in the light source.”
Influence of Anode Area and Electrode Gap on the Morphology of TiO2 Nanotubes Arrays
Authors: Wang Min , Jia Li , Deng Shuangmei
Published: May 2013

In order to fabricate the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes arrays which were used in the photocatalytic degradation of total volatile organic compounds (TVOC) by anodization, the influence of the electrode gap and anode area on the morphology of the titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotubes was studied. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanotube arrays were prepared by anodization with various electrode gaps and anode areas. Field emission scanning electron microscopy was used to investigate the morphology of the TiO2 nanotubes arrays. The results showed that the morphology of TiO2 nanotubes arrays was influenced by electrode gap and anode area. The appropriate anode area and electrode gap were 5 cm × 2 cm and 20 mm, respectively. Thus, TiO2 nanotube arrays with better morphology (with larger dimension and uniform TiO2 nanotubes) were successfully fabricated by anodic oxidation with 5 cm × 2 cm anode area and 20 mm electrode gap at 30 V.
A Novel Coherence Reduction Method in Compressed Sensing for DOA Estimation
Authors: Liu Jing , Han ChongZhao , Yao XiangHua , Lian Feng
Published: May 2013

A novel method named as coherent column replacement method is proposed to reduce the coherence of a partially deterministic sensing matrix, which is comprised of highly coherent columns and random Gaussian columns. The proposed method is to replace the highly coherent columns with random Gaussian columns to obtain a new sensing matrix. The measurement vector is changed accordingly. It is proved that the original sparse signal could be reconstructed well from the newly changed measurement vector based on the new sensing matrix with large probability. This method is then extended to a more practical condition when highly coherent columns and incoherent columns are considered, for example, the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation problem in phased array radar system using compressed sensing. Numerical simulations show that the proposed method succeeds in identifying multiple targets in a sparse radar scene, where the compressed sensing method based on the original sensing matrix fails. The proposed method also obtains more precise estimation of DOA using one snapshot compared with the traditional estimation methods such as Capon, APES, and GLRT, based on hundreds of snapshots.
Blocking Neurogenic Inflammation for the Treatment of Acute Disorders of the Central Nervous System
Authors: Lewis Kate Marie , Turner Renée Jade , Vink Robert
Published: May 2013

Classical inflammation is a well-characterized secondary response to many acute disorders of the central nervous system. However, in recent years, the role of neurogenic inflammation in the pathogenesis of neurological diseases has gained increasing attention, with a particular focus on its effects on modulation of the blood-brain barrier BBB. The neuropeptide substance P has been shown to increase blood-brain barrier permeability following acute injury to the brain and is associated with marked cerebral edema. Its release has also been shown to modulate classical inflammation. Accordingly, blocking substance P NK1 receptors may provide a novel alternative treatment to ameliorate the deleterious effects of neurogenic inflammation in the central nervous system. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the role of substance P and neurogenic inflammation in acute injury to the central nervous system following traumatic brain injury, spinal cord injury, stroke, and meningitis.
Memristive Perceptron for Combinational Logic Classification
Authors: Wang Lidan , Duan Meitao , Duan Shukai
Published: May 2013

The resistance of the memristor depends upon the past history of the input current or voltage; so it can function as synapse in neural networks. In this paper, a novel perceptron combined with the memristor is proposed to implement the combinational logic classification. The relationship between the memristive conductance change and the synapse weight update is deduced, and the memristive perceptron model and its synaptic weight update rule are explored. The feasibility of the novel memristive perceptron for implementing the combinational logic classification (NAND, NOR, XOR, and NXOR) is confirmed by MATLAB simulation.
Lessons Learnt from Evidence-Based Approach of Using Chinese Herbal Medicines in Liver Cancer
Authors: Zheng Zhan , Cho William Chi-Shing , Xu Ling , Wang Juyong , Sze Daniel Man-Yuen
Published: May 2013

This paper is a systematic review of evidence-based studies of the effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) in the treatment of liver cancer. After a detailed analysis of the literature, five animal studies and four human clinical trials met the criteria for inclusion. Analysis revealed that results of the clinical trials, whilst encouraging, need to be interpreted with caution as problems with study designs may lead to apparent benefits being attributable to various forms of bias. However, as each of the CHM agents used in these studies appeared to be potentially beneficial, further well-designed and controlled randomized clinical trials are warranted. The second part of this review focused on the lessons learned from the relationships between Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) theory, TCM Syndrome Differentiation, and modern scientific understanding of mechanisms of action of CHM agents. The understanding of TCM Syndrome Differentiation may allow identification of different patterns of disharmony and may provide important guidance to the prescription of CHM. Furthermore, quality control using both biological and chemical fingerprinting of CHM is important to ensure batch-to-batch consistency to deliver sustained therapeutic benefit. Also, careful assessment of herb-drug interactions is paramount for safety and integrative use of western chemotherapeutic and CHM agents.
Choriocarcinoma Syndrome: A Case Report and a Literature Review
Authors: Baagar Khaled , Khan Fahmi Yousef , AlKuwari Einas
Published: May 2013

A 35-year-old Qatari man presented to our hospital with a 4-month history of mild abdominal pain, weight loss, and jaundice. He was found to have central intra-abdominal mass and a single testis in the scrotum. His investigations showed cholestatic jaundice and very high level ofβ-HCG (1131379 IU/L). CT scans of the chest and abdomen showed a huge pelvic-abdominal mass with extensive retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy, in addition to liver and lung metastases. CT-guided Tru-Cut biopsy of the mass showed mixed germ cell tumor. Chemotherapy was refused by the patient and his family. In the following days, the patient bled from his liver metastases leading to hemorrhagic shock, hemorrhage from metastatic sites of choriocarcinoma containing tumors is named choriocarcinoma syndrome. He was transferred to the medical intensive care unit, where he was intubated and resuscitated. Embolization of the right hepatic artery was done, but failed to control the bleeding, which continued with development of disseminated intravascular coagulopathy and a severe abdominal compartment syndrome, and eventually the patient died.
Monocytes, Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells, and THP-1 Cells Exhibit Different Cytokine Expression Patterns following Stimulation with Lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Schildberger Anita , Rossmanith Eva , Eichhorn Tanja , Strassl Katharina , Weber Viktoria
Published: May 2013

THP-1 cells are widely applied to mimic monocytes in cell culture models. In this study, we compared the cytokine release from THP-1, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), monocytes, or whole blood after stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and investigated the consequences of different cytokine profiles on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) activation. WhilePseudomonas aeruginosa-stimulated (10 ng/mL) THP-1 secreted similar amounts of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) as monocytes and PBMC, they produced lower amounts of interleukin(IL)-8 and no IL-6 and IL-10. Whole blood required a higher concentration ofPseudomonas aeruginosa(1000 ng/mL) to induce cytokine release than isolated monocytes or PBMC (10 ng/mL). HUVEC secreted more IL-6 and IL-8 after stimulation with conditioned medium derived from whole blood than from THP-1, despite equal concentrations of TNF-αin both media. Specific adsorption of TNF-αor selective cytokine adsorption from the conditioned media prior to HUVEC stimulation significantly reduced HUVEC activation. Our findings show that THP-1 differ from monocytes, PBMC, and whole blood with respect to cytokine release after stimulation with LPS. Additionally, we could demonstrate that adsorption of inflammatory mediators results in reduced endothelial activation, which supports the concept of extracorporeal mediator modulation as supportive therapy for sepsis.
Generalized Likelihood Uncertainty Estimation Method in Uncertainty Analysis of Numerical Eutrophication Models: Take BLOOM as an Example
Authors: Li Zhijie , Chen Qiuwen , Xu Qiang , Blanckaert Koen
Published: May 2013

Uncertainty analysis is of great importance to assess and quantify a model's reliability, which can improve decision making based on model results. Eutrophication and algal bloom are nowadays serious problems occurring on a worldwide scale. Numerical models offer an effective way to algal bloom prediction and management. Due to the complex processes of aquatic ecosystem, such numerical models usually contain a large number of parameters, which may lead to important uncertainty in the model results. This research investigates the applicability of generalized likelihood uncertainty estimation (GLUE) to analyze the uncertainty of numerical eutrophication models that have a large number of intercorrelated parameters. The 3-dimensional primary production model BLOOM, which has been broadly used in algal bloom simulations for both fresh and coastal waters, is used.
Delivery of RNA and Its Intracellular Translation into Protein Mediated by SDS-CTAB Vesicles: Potential Use in Nanobiotechnology
Authors: Russo Laura , Berardi Valerio , Tardani Franco , La Mesa Camillo , Risuleo Gianfranco
Published: May 2013

Catanionic vesicles are supramolecular aggregates spontaneously forming in water by electrostatic attraction between two surfactants mixed in nonstoichiometric ratios. The outer surface charges allow adsorption to the biomembrane by electrostatic interactions. The lipoplex thus obtained penetrates the cell by endocytosis or membrane fusion. We examined the possible cytotoxic effects and evaluated the transfection efficiency of one vesicle type as compared to known commercial carriers. We show that the individual components of two different vesicles types, CTAB (cetyltrimethylammonium bromide) and DDAB (didodecyldimethylammonium bromide) are detrimental for cell survival. We also assayed the cytotoxicity of SDS-DDAB vesicles and showed dose and time dependency, with the DDAB component beingper seextremely cytotoxic. The transfection efficiency of exogenous RNA mediated by SDS-CTAB increases if vesicles assemble in the presence of the reporter RNA; finally, freezing abrogates the transfection ability. The results of our experimental strategy suggest that catanionic vesicles may be adopted in gene therapy and control of antiproliferative diseases.
Measurement of the Silver Ion Concentration in Wound Fluids after Implantation of Silver-Coated Megaprostheses: Correlation with the Clinical Outcome
Authors: Hussmann B. , Johann I. , Kauther M. D. , Landgraeber S. , Jäger Marcus , Lendemans S.
Published: May 2013

Background.Tumor patients and patients after traumas are endangered by a reduced immune defense, and a silver coating on their megaprostheses may reduce their risks of infection. The aim of this study was to determine the silver ion concentration directly measured from the periprosthetic tissue and the influence on the clinical outcome.Material and Methods.Silver ions were evaluated in 5 mL wound fluids two days postoperatively and in blood patients 7 and 14 days after surgery using inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry in 18 patients who underwent total joint replacement with a silver-coated megaendoprosthesis.Results.The concentration of silver ions averaged 0.08 parts per million. Patients who showed an increased silver concentration in the blood postoperatively presented a lower silver concentration in the wound fluids and a delayed decrease in C-reactive protein levels. There were significantly fewer reinfections and shorter hospitalization in comparison with a group that did not receive a silver-coated megaprosthesis.Conclusion.An increased concentration of silver in the immediate surroundings of silver-coated prostheses was demonstrated for the first time in cohorts of patients with trauma or tumors. An elevated concentration of silver ions in the direct periprosthetic tissue may have reduced the infection rate.
Analysis and Control of Epileptiform Spikes in a Class of Neural Mass Models
Authors: Liu Xian , Gao Qing , Ma Baiwang , Du Jiajia , Ren Wenju
Published: May 2013

The problem of analyzing and controlling epileptiform spikes in a class of neural mass models is concerned with. Since the measured signals are always contaminated by measurement noise, an algebraic estimation method is utilized to observe the state from the noisy measurement. The feedback control is constructed via the estimated state. The feasibility of using such a strategy to control epileptiform spikes in a regular network of coupled neural populations is demonstrated by simulations. In addition, the influence of the type of the controlled populations, the number of the controlled populations, and the control gain is investigated in details.
Transition and Transversion on the Common Trinucleotide Circular Code
Authors: Benard Emmanuel , Michel Christian J.
Published: May 2013

In 1996, a trinucleotide circular code which is maximum, self-complementary, and , called , was identified statistically on a large gene population of eukaryotes and prokaryotes (Arquès and Michel (1996)). Transition and transversions I and II are classical molecular evolution processes. A comprehensive computer analysis of these three evolution processes in the code shows some new results; in particular (i) transversion I on the 2nd position of any subset of trinucleotides of
generates trinucleotide circular codes which are always and (ii) transversion II on the three positions of any subset of trinucleotides of
yields no trinucleotide circular codes. These new results extend our theory of circular code in genes to its evolution under transition and transversion.
Perforated Meckel’s Diverticulum Lithiasis: An Unusual Cause of Peritonitis
Authors: Mathuram Thiyagarajan Umasankar , Ponnuswamy Amirthavarshini , Bagul Atul , Ponnuswamy Prabakar
Published: May 2013

Meckel’s diverticulum is the commonest congenital malformation of gastrointestinal tract and represents a persistent remnant of the omphalomesenteric duct. Although it mostly remains silent, it can present as bleeding, perforation, intestinal obstruction, intussusception, and tumours. These complications, especially bleeding, tend to be more common in the paediatric group and intestinal obstruction in adults. Stone formation (lithiasis) in Meckel’s diverticulum is rare. We report a case of Meckel’s diverticulum lithiasis which presented as an acute abdomen in an otherwise healthy individual. The patient underwent an exploratory laparotomy which revealed a perforated Meckel’s diverticulum with lithiasis; a segmental resection with end-to-end anastomosis of small bowel was performed. Patient recovery was delayed due to pneumonia, discharged on day 20 with no further complications at 6 months following surgery.
Deadline‐Aware Energy‐Efficient Query Scheduling in Wireless Sensor Networks with Mobile Sink
Authors: Karakaya Murat
Published: May 2013

Mobile sinks are proposed to save sensor energy spent for multihop communication in transferring data to a base station (sink) in Wireless Sensor Networks. Due to relative low speed of mobile sinks, these approaches are mostly suitable for delay‐tolerant applications. In this paper, we study the design of a query scheduling algorithm for query‐based data gathering applications using mobile sinks. However, these kinds of applications are sensitive to delays due to specified query deadlines. Thus, the proposed scheduling algorithm aims to minimize the number of missed deadlines while keeping the level of energy consumption at the minimum.
A New Tau Method for Solving Nonlinear Lane-Emden Type Equations via Bernoulli Operational Matrix of Differentiation
Authors: Tohidi E. , Erfani Kh. , Gachpazan M. , Shateyi S.
Published: May 2013

A new and efficient numerical approach is developed for solving nonlinear Lane-Emden type equations via Bernoulli operational matrix of differentiation. The fundamental structure of the presented method is based on the Tau method together with the Bernoulli polynomial approximations in which a new operational matrix is introduced. After implementation of our scheme, the main problem would be transformed into a system of algebraic equations such that its solutions are the unknown Bernoulli coefficients. Also, under several mild conditions the error analysis of the proposed method is provided. Several examples are included to illustrate the efficiency and accuracy of the proposed technique and also the results are compared with the different methods. All calculations are done in Maple 13.
Fabrication and Characterization of a High-Gain Yb-Er Codoped Phosphate Glass Optical Amplifier
Authors: Scarpignato Gerardo Cristian , Milanese Daniel , Lousteau Joris , Boetti Nadia Giovanna , Mura Emanuele
Published: May 2013

We present the fabrication and characterization of a short core pumped fiber amplifier made of Yb3+-Er3+codoped phosphate glasses. The 27 mm long amplifier provides a maximum internal gain of 10.7 dB for a signal of −30 dBm at 1535 nm with a 479 mW pump power operating at 975.6 nm. This leads to a gain of 4.0 dB/cm, which compares favorably to other recent works.
The Relationship between Cortisol and Bone Mineral Density in Competitive Male Cyclists
Authors: Mathis Shannon L. , Farley Richard S. , Fuller Dana K. , Jetton Amy E. , Caputo Jennifer L.
Published: May 2013

Objective. The purpose of this study was to determine whether race day cortisol was related to bone mineral density (BMD) in competitive male cyclists. A secondary purpose was to determine additional factors associated with BMD in competitive male cyclists.Methods. Measurements of lumbar spine and hip BMD were performed in 35 male competitors in a state championship cycling time trial event. Salivary cortisol was measured 10 minutes prior to the start of the race and 5 minutes after race finished. Participants reported daily calcium intake, age, years of bike training, races per season, and average weekly minutes spent riding a bike, weight training, and running on a survey.Results. Cortisol level increased significantly from pre- to postcompetition but was not significantly associated with BMD. Increased weekly minutes of weight training was associated with higher BMD of the lumbar spine and the hip. The increased number of years of cycling experience was associated with lower BMD of the femoral neck. Increased daily calcium intake was associated with higher BMD of the lumbar spine and femoral neck.Conclusions. Findings indicate that cyclists should participate in weight training and increase calcium intake in order to increase or maintain BMD of the lumbar spine and hip.
Poly(Arylene Ether Sulfone)s with HEPES Pendants: Synthesis, Thermal, and Dielectric Studies
Authors: Ganesh S. D. , Harish M. N. K. , Madhu B. J. , Maqbool Husnasarvari , Pai K. V. , Kariduraganavar M. Y.
Published: May 2013

Polyethersulfone with active carboxylic acid pendants was prepared from solution polymerization via nucleophilic displacement polycondensation reaction among 4,4′-dichlorodiphenyl sulfone (DCDPS) and 4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid (BHPA). The conditions necessary to synthesize and purify the polymer were investigated in some details. The synthesized polyethersulfone comprises sulfone and ether linkages in addition to reactive carboxylic acid functionality; this reactive carboxylic acid group was exploited to hold the HEPES moiety via ester linkage and is achieved by simple DCC coupling condition at ambient temperature. Without impairing the primary polymeric backbone, three modified polymers were prepared by varying the stoichiometric ratio of HEPES. Characterization of the polymers by 1H & 13C NMR, FT-IR, and TGA demonstrated that HEPES was quantitatively incorporated into the prime polymer. All the prepared polymers were pressed into tablets, and electrical contacts were established to study the dielectric properties. Finally, the influence of the HEPES on the dielectric properties was examined.
Different Peripheral Tissue Injury Induces Differential Phenotypic Changes of Spinal Activated Microglia
Authors: Li Kai , Tan Yong-Hui , Light Alan R. , Fu Kai-Yuan
Published: May 2013

The purpose of this study is to investigate the possible different cellular marker expression associated with spinal cord microglial activation in different pain models. Immunohistochemistry and western blotting analysis of CD45, CD68, and MHC class I antigen as well as CD11b and Iba-1 in the spinal cord were quantitatively compared among widely used three pain animal models, complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) injection, formalin injection, and chronic constriction injury (CCI) models. The results showed that significant upregulated expressions of CD45 and MHC class I antigen in spinal microglia as well as morphological changes with increased staining with CD11b and Iba-1 were seen in CCI and formalin models and not found in CFA-induced inflammatory pain model. CD68 expression was only detected in CCI model. Our findings suggested that different peripheral tissue injuries produced differential phenotypic changes associated with spinal microglial activation; peripheral nerve injury might induce spinal microglia to acquire these immunomolecular phenotypic changes.
Use of FloSeal Sealant in the Surgical Management of Tubal Ectopic Pregnancy
Authors: Clapp Mara , Huang Jaou-Chen
Published: May 2013

Background. Surgery is sometimes required for the management of tubal ectopic pregnancies. Historically, surgeons used electrosurgery to obtain hemostasis. Topical hemostatic sealants, such as FloSeal, may decrease the reliance on electrosurgery and reduce thermal injury to the tissue.Case. A 33-year-old G1 P0 received methotrexate for a right tubal pregnancy. The patient became symptomatic six days later and underwent a laparoscopic right salpingotomy. After multiple unsuccessful attempts to obtain hemostasis with electrocoagulation, FloSeal was used and hemostasis was obtained. Six weeks later, a hysterosalpingogram (HSG) confirmed tubal patency. The patient subsequently had an intrauterine pregnancy.Conclusion. FloSeal helped to achieve hemostasis during a laparoscopic salpingotomy and preserve tubal patency. FloSeal is an effective alternative and adjunct to electrosurgery in the surgical management of tubal pregnancy.
Autoregulation of the Brain Temperature during Whole Body Hyperthermia
Authors: Bicher Haim I. , Mitagvaria Nodar , Devdariani Marina , Davlianidze Lia , Nebieridze Marina , Momtselidze Nana
Published: May 2013

The aim of this study was revealing the temperature changes in rats' brain tissue caused by whole body hyperthermia. The analysis of received results allows to conclude that the brain has a highly secured system of temperature autoregulation against the exogenous temperature changes. The upper limit of this autoregulation (for rats, at least) is in the range of 45°C of environment. An important role in the normal functioning of the brain temperature autoregulation system belongs to Nitric Oxide. The behavioral disorders, observed in animals after whole body hyperthermia (sure within the range of brain temperature autoregulation) are hardly associated with the changes in temperature of the Central Nervous System, but rather have to be mediated by impaired blood circulation and oxygen supply to the brain tissues, caused by the rapid deterioration of the blood rheological properties.
Androtherm Application for the Peyronie's Disease
Authors: Ballerini M. , Baronzio G. F. , Capitò G. , Szasz O. , Cassutti V.
Published: May 2013

Peyronie's disease is characterized by a scarring fibrosis within the tunica albuginea of the penis that could lead to penile length loss, narrowing, curvature, erectile dysfunction, or pain with erection. This problem has recently no appropriate treatment. Our objective is to treat this kind of disease by a new kind of hyperthermia method.
Prevalence of Spinal Cord Disorders in Al-Quseir City, Red Sea Governorate, Egypt
Authors: El Tallawy Hamdy N. , Farghly Wafaa M. , Badry Reda , Rageh Tarek A. , Hakeem Metwally N. Abdel , Shehata Ghaydaa A. , Sayd Mohamed A.M. , Hamed Yasser , Kandil Mahmoud R.
Published: May 2013

The knowledge of the prevalence of spinal cord disorders (SCD) is important to understand specific causes in each part of the worldand to allow to potentially adapt health care and public policy including law enforcement to the main causes. SCD have important personal, biopsychological, socio-economic, short-term and long-term consequences. An SCD is the underlying cause for 1 of every 40 patients admitted to a major trauma centre. The affected population consists primarily of young male adults. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and cause of SCD in Al-Quseir City, using a door-to-door method. The total of inhabitants was 33,285 in Al-Quseir City screened by 3 specialists of neurology. Suspected cases were subjected to full clinical assessment and MRI or CT of the spine. The prevalence rate of SCD was 63/100,000 for the total population. Traumatic spinal cord injury had a prevalence of 18/100,000, while non-traumatic SCD was found in 45/100,000. Degenerative cervical disc prolapse was the most common aetiology of SCD with a prevalence rate of 27/100,000.