bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Theoretical programs for the development of teaching activities of college teachers
Authors:   Alikhan Bokeikhan University, Karipzhanova N.M. , Ayupova G.T. ,   Alikhan Bokeikhan University, Gelisli Y. ,   Institute of Educational Sciences of Gazi University
Published: May 2024

The article considers the fact that the requirements for education in the college depend on the teacher's implementation of the educational process, i.e. pedagogical activity. Not the implementation of the pedagogical activity of college students through theoretical research methods, but its improvement is set as an urgent task. Improvement of pedagogical activity is based on interdependence and harmony of continuous personal development and professional development of the college teacher. Based on an analysis of the literature, especially the work of domestic researchers, the determinants of continuous personal development and professional development of a college teacher are identified. In this regard, a number of components are considered, such as the sphere of value-motivational orientation, self-awareness, social-psychological qualities, professional-psychological health, the level of professional education, and pedagogical organizational features of the college teacher.
Тhe concept essense of "patriotic culture"
Authors:   K. Zhubanov Aktobe regional university, Kairova A.T. , Turebayeva K.Zh. ,   K. Zhubanov Aktobe regional university
Published: May 2024

In this article, the idea is formulated by studying the works of scholars and philosophical, psychological, and pedagogical analysis of various concepts in determining the essence of the concept of "patriotic culture". In the research work, based on the works of scholars the concept of "patriotic culture" can be considered as a multifaceted concept in the modern world. This concept is formed in the consciousness of mankind as the highest level of love through civic duty, preservation of national unity, a sense of responsibility for one's people, country, understanding of history, culture and native language. Human consciousness develops through a system of spiritual values, so it is necessary to form a patriotic culture among the younger generation. That is why now, in the transition to spirituality, patriotic culture is becoming relevant and socio-cultural significant at the state level. The patriotism inherent in the younger generation will gradually be filled with ideological, civic content and will become not only a moral, but also a moral and political quality. The only reason why an independent country occupies a worthy place in the global civilization - this is a patriotic culture. Attention was drawn to the concept of patriotic culture, as well as scientifically analyzed and studied from a theoretical and practical point of view in order to determine its full essence. Human in its spiritual development can become a patriot when he/she absorbs ideas, feelings of patriotism and consciously turns them into a spiritual need. Therefore, in order to form a patriotic culture that occupies a place in his/her spiritual world, it is necessary to define the essence of the concept of "patriotic culture". And this concept is based on culture. Culture is a set of spiritual and material values created and performed in the process of creative activity of mankind, reflecting the achieved stage in the historical development of society.
Features of military personnel prone to autodestructive behavior
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Tilmagambetova R.E. , Utaliуeva Zh.T. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Mambetalina A.S. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: May 2024

This study examines the most important problem of autodestructive behavior among military personnel. The main focus is on the psychological factors that contribute to this behavior. Despite extensive research in the field of military psychology, there is no comprehensive understanding of the specific psychological traits associated with autodestructive tendencies. This study aims to bridge this gap by examining individual psychological characteristics. The study was conducted with the participation of 10 selected active military personnel from various units. Questionnaires, standardized psychological tests and semi-structured interviews were used. Quantitative and qualitative analysis of the data revealed high levels of stress, depression and anxiety among the participants, correlating with impulsivity and autodestructive behavior. Key findings include the significant role of stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety and impulsivity in the development of autodestructive behavior. Military personnel with traumatic experience, especially in combat, have demonstrated a higher propensity for such behavior. The interview highlighted the impact of direct combat and traumatic experiences on psychological well-being. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of the self-destructive behavior of military personnel and provides a basis for the development of effective prevention and support strategies, emphasizing the importance of a multi-level approach that takes into account psychological, social and biological factors.
Sociocultural Aspects of Identification of Student Youth of Modern Kazakhstan
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Zharkynbekova Sh.K. , Galiуeva B.Н. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Ayupova G.K. ,   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University
Published: May 2024

The article is devoted to the problem of studying identity as an interdisciplinary category. The analysis of theoretical and methodological approaches to the phenomenon of identity allowed to substantiate it as a key concept of many interdisciplinary concepts, to reveal the structure of identity and the spheres of its manifestation. The relevance of youth themes in terms of studying the process of identification of young people in various aspects (educational, professional, ethnic, social, etc.) is substantiated. The authors focus on the fact that in modern conditions the problem of youth adaptation to the new social reality is one of the key aspects of the state policy of the society. The empirical research carried out within the framework of the study has made it possible to explain the mechanisms of formation of Kazakhstani student youth and determine their value categories. The authors present the results of questionnaire survey among students of Kazakhstani universities, based on the tested methodology of M. Kuhn and T. McPartland, T. Rumyantseva with the application of their own adjustments. The answers received during the study have been analyzed from several points of view: available life experience, from the point of view of manifestation of reflection in the answers, concerning the relation of social roles and individual characteristics in identity, concerning the representation in identity of different spheres of life, in the psychological aspect, etc. The typical definitions of the identity of the student youth of Kazakhstan, which allowed to determine the dominant characteristics due to the life activities of young people.
Professional values of a social worker
Authors:   Kazakh National University named after Al-Farabi, Nurlanova S.S.
Published: May 2024

The study of professional values of a social worker is currently one of the topical problems. In the article qualitative analysis of foreign literature of XX-XXI centuries is carried out for comparative analysis of features of professional values of a social worker and its differences from personal values, nature of professional values, responsibility and accountability, value orientations of a social worker. The development of social-emotional skills of social workers, assimilation and strengthening of necessary ethical, aesthetic and emotional values are among the most important activities in this field. This study revealed the following: special importance is given to the formation of desired behavioral, personal, and professional values in accordance with professional standards of social work experience; to date, scientific works in the field of studying and understanding the emotional component and values of a social worker are insufficient; studies of social workers' values are divided into two categories: studies related to the values of social workers and social workers' socialization with the profession of social work. The purpose of this paper is to study the scientific literature to determine the roles and values adopted by social work professionals. The object of the study is a set of professional values of a social worker.
Review of Luneburg Lens Antenna Designs Manufactured Using 3D Printing
Authors: Kusaykin D. V. , Grigoriev I. V. , Denisov D. V. , Turalchuk P. A.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. The interest in multibeam dielectric lens antenna arrays has been growing in recent years due to the development of millimeter-wave telecommunication and radar systems. Progress in the development of mobile communication systems based on adaptive beamforming technology is increasingly associated with multibeam systems based on lens antenna structures, providing an alternative to hard-to-implement and energy-consuming phased antenna arrays. In recent years, spherical and cylindrical Luneburg lens antennas implemented using additive manufacturing technology have attracted research attention. Despite their complexity of execution, these design exhibit excellent electromagnetic characteristics. This paper provides a review of Luneburg lens antennas manufactured using 3D printing, which can find application in 5G and 6G communication systems.

Aim. To review achievements in the design of lens antenna structures manufactured using additive manufacturing.

Materials and methods. Materials for analysis, comparison, and systematization were derived from various sources, including research articles, publications in proceedings of Russian and international conferences, and websites of manufacturers of lens antennas over the past 20 years. The material selection mechanism was based on the originality of the presented designs of printed Luneburg lens antennas.

Results. A review of Luneburg lens antennas manufactured using 3D printing, which differ from each other in terms of mechanical strength, complexity of execution, and electrodynamic characteristics, was carried out. The results of a comparative analysis of the key characteristics of these antennas are presented, along with examples of their practical implementation.

Conclusion. The disadvantage of Luneburg lens antennas has always been the complexity of their manufacture; however, additive manufacturing technologies open up new opportunities for their fast, high-quality, and automated production. Various 3D printing technologies can be used to create dielectric lens antennas, which differ in the resolution of printers, printing speed, and cost. Additive manufacturing methods are constantly developing, having reached the technological possibility of printing Luneburg lens for the sub-THz range with a high level of resolution and accuracy. In addition, 3D printers capable of printing multiple lenses simultaneously have also appeared.
Performance Statistics of Autoregressive Short and Ultrashort Signal Detectors
Authors: Kutuzov V. M. , Ipatov V. P. , Sokolov S. S.
Published: May 2024

Introduction. Parametric spectral estimation methods provide an improved level of frequency resolution compared to matched signal processing conventionally used in radar technology. This renders these methods promising for application in cases where the sample size of a spatial or temporal signal is strictly limited. At the same time, parametric methods are not optimal when receiving single signals against the background of normal uncolored additive noise. Therefore, parametric methods can be used as independent approaches provided that, first, working detection statistics are selected and justified and, second, that detection characteristics and noise immunity are constructed and analyzed.

Aim. This paper investigates modified detection statistics of the parametric Burg method, characterized by the simplicity of decision functions and the capacity to provide a constant false alarm probability under varying additive noise levels.

Materials and methods. Statistical computer simulation of the detection algorithms under consideration was conducted. This method is widely used in the analysis of parametric methods of signal processing. The detection characteristics obtained in the work were compared using the well-known Burg harmonic mean method, which involves the lowest computational costs.

Results. The paper presents original decision functions derived from the transformation of power spectral density estimates of the Burg method. The detection characteristics and immunity to signal-like interference of the modified Burg method are obtained and investigated, providing the basis for a comparative analysis of the proposed partial detection statistics. These are shown to retain the property of invariance of false alarm probability to the level of normal white noise.

Conclusion. The obtained detection and noise immunity characteristics for ultrashort and short signal samples allow us to recommend the parametric Burg harmonic mean method, implemented on the basis of a forward and backward linear prediction algorithm, as an independent signal processing method under strict restrictions imposed on the size of the analyzed sample of spatial-temporal signals.
Organopathology of the mammary gland in female carnivores: current state of research issues
Authors: Koreyba L. V. , Masyuk D. M. , Skliarov P. M. , Leshchova M. O.
Published: May 2024

The article presents the results of studies on the prevalence of mammary gland lesions in cats and dogs in veterinary hospitals of the city of Dnipro and associated with a wide range of pathological processes. Pathological processes (neoplastic, hyperplastic, inflammatory) in the mammary gland, in case of untimely diagnosis and treatment, give rise to the development of neoplasms, which are mostly malignant and manifest as adenocarcinoma, lymphoma, sarcoma, and carcinoma. Studies of mammary gland organopathology in female carnivores have shown that among mammary gland diseases in female pets, adenocarcinoma and adenoma (38 % and 10 %, respectively), lymphoma and sarcoma (2 % and 3 %, respectively), mastopathy (5–7 %), mastitis (10 %), and agalactia (1 3 %) were recorded. In cats aged 5 to 10 years and older, the tumour process is predominantly malignant, with an intensive and rapid course. Dogs aged 5 to 10 years are at risk of developing both non-malignant and malignant mammary tumours. In dogs over 10 years of age, malignant and benign mammary tumours are detected with equal frequency. Adenoma and fibroadenoma are more commonly recorded types of benign mammary neoplasms, and malignant processes are recorded in the form of adenocarcinoma, carcinoma, lymphoma, and sarcoma in cats and dogs. Adenocarcinomas are the most common malignant tumours of the breast. Carcinomas, lymphomas, and sarcomas are recorded to a lesser extent. Adenocarcinoma and mastopathy are more common in cats than in dogs. In dogs, cases of benign fibrocystic mastopathy are reported. It has been proven that in small animals, a combination of imaging methods (ultrasound, computed tomography, and radiography) is advisable for more accurate diagnosis and differential diagnosis of mammary tumours, which assess the size of the tumour, its vascularization, and characteristics. In any case, the diagnosis is confirmed by laboratory methods (morphological examination). The morphological studies of the affected mammary tissues allowed us to diagnose and structure tumour diseases, compare the data obtained with the results of a clinical study, and clarify the main clinical and morphological criteria for verifying the diagnosis.
Pathogenesis of notohedrosis in cats
Authors: Dovhiy Y. Y. , Melniychuk I. V.
Published: May 2024

The clinical picture of notohedrosis of the experimental cats in 100 % of cases was manifested by skin lesions in the head area ( forehead, bridge of the nose, superbrow arches and auricles).  During the experiment in animals, at the intensity of invasion of Notoedres cati of 5.8 ± 0.3 specimens of live ticks  in the examined smear showed  such symptoms as the appearance of small nodules and blisters (in 40 % of experimental cases), blisters, where the fur partially or completely fell out (60 %), moderate itching (30 %), general depression (20 %), local soreness including the jaws, which prevented the consumption of food, especially solid food (30 %), and as result of weight loss (10 %). According to the intensity of the invasion of 15.1 ± 0.61 specimens of live fleas in the examined swab, the clinical picture in the affected cats was more pronounced. Thus, small nodules and blisters were detected on the affected areas of the scalp in 20 % of the experimental cats; blisters with partial or complete loss of hair on them in 80 %, moderately expressed itching in 50 %, general depression in 60 %, local soreness of the jaws and difficult consumption of solid food in 80 %, weight loss and exhaustion in 60 %. In the leukogram of the blood of the cats of the experimental group, significant changes were also found compared to healthy animals. Thus, basophils (2.70 ± 0.09 %), appeared in the blood of sick animals, which were not found in healthy animals. The concentration of eosinophils was 3 times higher (2.70 ± 0.08 %) in healthy cats and 8.20 ± 0.31 % in sick cats (Р < 0.001). Among the changes in the ratio of neutrophils in the blood of cats with notohedrosis, it was noted the appearance of young neutrophils (4.80 ± 0.18 %), an increase in the number of rod-shaped neutrophils by 69.2 % (from 5.20 ± 0.25 % in healthy animals to 8.80 ± 0.32 % in sick animals, Р < 0.001) and a decrease in segment nuclear by 26.7 % (from 69.30 ± 3.26 tо 50.80 ± 1.71 % respectively, Р < 0,01). At a high intensity of the invasion of pathogens of notohedrosis (15.1 ± 0.61 specimens of live ticks in the examined swear) the changes in the morphological composition of the blood were even more pronounced. Thus, a decrease in the content of erythrocytes by 16.2 % was noted (from 7.44 ± 0.23 Т/L in healthy cats to 6.07 ± 0.19 Т/L in the infected cats, Р < 0.01) and an increase in the number of leukocytes was noted 2.4 times (from 13.90 ± 0.62 tо 32.80 ± 0.85 g/L respectively, Р < 0.001).
The intensity of carbohydrate metabolism in the body of sows under the action of ferrum and germanium nanocompounds
Authors: Kovalchuk O. O. , Tomchuk V. A. , Danchuk V. O. , Khymynets P. S. , Gutyj B. V. , Kravchuk S. V. , Zhurenko O. V. , Kryvoruchko D. I. , Karpovskyi V. V. , Karpovskyi P. V. , Todoriuk V. B. , Hrelia R. V. , Zhurenko V. V.
Published: May 2024

The article shows the influence of ferrum and germanium nanoparticles on the indicators of carbohydrate metabolism in sows' blood before and after farrowing. The impact of farrowing on the content of glucose, lactate, pyruvate, and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the blood plasma of animals was established (F= 9.0–38.7 > FU = 2.9; P < 0.001). By the day of farrowing, the blood glucose content of sows increases by 14.8 % (P ≤ 0.05), lactate by 30.1 % (P ≤ 0.001), pyruvate by 15.4 % (P ≤ 0.05), lactate dehydrogenase activity by 18.0 % (P ≤ 0.05). Within ten days after farrowing, the content of glucose in the blood serum of sows decreases by 17.1 % (P ≤ 0.05), the content of lactate decreases by 25.0 % (P ≤ 0.001), and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase by 22 % (P ≤ 0.001). Administration of iron and germanium nanocompounds for ten days had a significant effect on lactate content and lactate dehydrogenase activity in the blood of sows – F= 8.6–10.9 > FU = 4.15 (Р = 0.002–0.006). One day before farrowing, the lactate content in the blood plasma of sows was 17.0 % (P ≤ 0.05) lower; due to doda, after farrowing, the content of lactate was lower by 12.6 % (P ≤ 0.05), and pyruvate by 8.4 % (P ≤ 0.05) more than the indicators of animals of the control group. The most significant effect of the application of nanocompounds of iron and germanium on indicators of hydrocarbon metabolism in the blood of sows was revealed during the day after farrowing; in particular, the effect of the application of nanoparticles on the content of lactate, pyruvate, and their ratio in the blood of sows was – ħ²ᵪ=0.53–0.71 (P ≤ 0.05–0.01). Three days after farrowing, administration of metal nanoparticles affects lactate dehydrogenase activity in sows' blood (ħ²ᵪ = 0.46; P ≤ 0.05).
The influence of the family status on the manifestation of anxiety in children and adolescents
Authors: Kojić Miroslava , Markov Zagorka , Kojić Grandić Smiljana
Published: May 2024

The prime aim of the research was to establish whether children and adolescentsfrom foster families and children and adolescents from single-parent families suffermore from anxiety than the respondents from two-parent families. The sampleincluded 124 respondents, 42 respondents from foster families, 38 children andadolescents from single-parent families and 44 from two-parent families. The resultsindicate that there are differences in the manifestation of anxiety when it comes torespondents from single-parent families and foster families compared to children andadolescents from two-parent families. There are statistically significant differences inthe levels of expression of anxiety among children who live in foster families comparedto children who live with their two-parents and one parent families. Children fromtwo-parent families show less anxiety compared to children from single-parent andfoster families. The conclusion would be that society should provide support to theproblem of anxiety in children and adolescents, as well as the most common mentalproblems in the health, social and educational contexts. The support would refer bothto the prevention of anxiety and to an adequate multidimensional approach in whichspecialists from different fields, trained educators and parents or guardians of childrenwould be involved
Student’s view through “rosetinted glasses”
Authors: Jeličić Ruža
Published: May 2024

Every student experiences the world, reality and himself/herself through the prismof personal experience and knowledge. There are no two students who feel, see andaccept reality in the same way. Each student views the world through different glasses.The formation of their worldview is influenced by many factors, which is why theseglasses come in a wide variety of tones, colors, purposes and different dioptres. Creating a life dependent on other people’s opinion and comparison with others is culturally and sociologically conditioned. Highlighting in a good or bad way has unpredictable consequences for the student. Due to the fear of judgment and not belonging, many students turn their backs on their own truths, silence their inner voice and put on “rose-tinted glasses” in order not to provoke criticism. In this way, they allow likability and acceptance to become more important than standing up for themselves. This paper talks about the fact that only an objective and realistic picture of oneself gives students the opportunity to assess which knowledge and characteristics can contribute to the achievement of goals, and which hinder them in achieving balance, a fulfilled life and a correct view of themselves and the world.
Cisternostomy In Lipomyelomeningocele Without Hydrocephalus: A Case Report
Authors: Mouza Abdurrahman , Farhan Luthfy , Sembiring Arya Sadewa , Rasyid Fahmi
Published: May 2024

Introduction: Spinal dysraphisms can be classified as either open or closed dysraphisms. Closed spinal dysraphisms such as lipomyelomeningocele, diastematomyelia, and spina bifida occulta have no exposed neural tissue and are accompanied by cutaneous markers in 43%–95% of cases, and include lesions such as subcutaneous masses, capillary hemangioma, dimples, and hairy nevus. These cutaneous markers can be used to recognize cases in an asymptomatic neonate. LMMC can be associated with additional pathologies, including Chiari malformation type 1 (13%), spina bifida (14.4%), split cord malformations (3.1%), associated dermal sinuses (3.1%), dermoid or epidermoid cysts (3.1%), diastematomyelia (3.1%), terminal hydromyelia (3.1%), anal stenosis (1.0%), and Down syndrome (1.0%).
Case Report: A year old girl, came to our department with chief complaint of lump on the back since the patient was born. No history of increased intracranial pressure was complained. On physical examination, there is no maceration on the lump, and there is no sign of ruptured lump on the back. Patient also has active motoric on all extremity. We diagnosed the patient with spina bifida. We did CT scan of the head to rule out hydrocephalus and MRI for the confirmation of spina bifida. Excision of cele was done. Postoperatively, there is an increased of csf leak of the patient from the excised cele and we decided to do cisternostomy. After cisternotomy, there is no increased of leakage and patient also have good motoric function. Patient was treated in our outpatient clinic and has good recovery after surgery.
Discussion: Lipomyelomeningocele is a rare but complicated defect, lying in the spectrum of occult neural tube defects. It is actually a form of occult spinal dysraphism in which a subcutaneous fibrofatty mass traverses the lumbodorsal fascia, causes a spinal laminar defect, displaces the dura, and infiltrates and tethers the spinal cord. Spinal lipomas and LMMCs are frequently associated with cutaneous and musculoskeletal abnormalities in addition to sensorimotor deficits and urological dysfunction. Cutaneous lesions include subcutaneous lipomas, capillary hemangiomas, complex dimples, and hypertrichosis, whereas complex malformations, such as dermal appendages, are rare. Magnetic resonance imaging is useful in demonstrating the presence of a fatty mass and cord tethering. Surgical objectives in a lipomyelomeningocele repair include removal of the adipose mass, identification of the defect in the lumbosacral fascia for release of the tether, possible release of the filum terminale, preservation of neural elements, and prevention of retethering of the spinal cord. After operation for lipomyelomeningocele, the cord may not be completely untethered, or after a short period may retether
Discussion: Cisternostomy may be done in cases of spina bifida without hydrocephalus in our experience
PENGUJIAN PERFORMANSI MOTOR DIESEL BERBAHAN BAKAR BIODIESEL DENGAN BAHAN BAKU MINYAK GORENG BEKAS DARI RUMAH TANGGA
Authors: Sukri Ikhsan , Nasution A. Halim , Sitorus Tulus B. , A. Himsar , Bin Nur Taufiq , UHSG Terang
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh persentase campuran biodiesel pada solar terhadap unjuk kerja mesin diesel dengan menggunakan metode variable speed (1200, 1500, 1800, 2100, dan 2400) rpm dan variable load (0,5, 1, dan 1,5) kg. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan mesin diesel TD110-TD115 Test Bed and Instrument for Small Engines. Parameter yang diukur dalam penelitian ini adalah Torsi, Daya, Rasio Perbandingan Udara-Bahan Bakar (AFR), Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Spesifik (sfc), Efisiensi Volumetris, dan Efisiensi Thermal Brake. Bahan bakar yang digunakan adalah solar murni, dan campuran biodiesel 5% (B5), 10% (B10), 15% (B15) dan 20% (B20). Dari penelitian ini unjuk kerja mesin diesel tertinggi diperoleh pada penggunaan bahan bakar solar masing-masing pada putaran 2400 rpm dimana Torsi maksimal sebesar 5,5 (Nm; Daya terbesar 1,382 (kW); Konsumsi Bahan Bakar Spesifik paling ekonomis sebesar 211,349 (g/kWh); Perbandingan Udara-Bahan Bakar (AFR ) terbesar 53,565; Efisiensi Volumetris terbesar 0,808 (80,8%); Efisiensi Thermal Brake terbesar 0,422 (42,2%).
PENGARUH PROSES TERMOMEKANIK TERHADAP KEKERASAN DAN STRUKTUR MIKRO BAJA K-110 KNL EXTRA
Authors: Leo Aldiansyah , Indra  , Isranuri Ikhwansyah , Sabri M. , Mahadi  , Ariani Farida
Published: May 2024

Proses termomekanik adalah teknik perlakuan logam yang didesain untuk meningkatkan sifat mekanis dengan proses deformasi plastis. Secara umum proses termomekanik terdiri dari proses pemanasan (thermal) dan proses mekanik seperti Thermo–Forging Hammer.Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah Menganalisa pengaruh hammering dan tingkat deformasi terhadap sifat mekanis bahan seperti kekerasan dan struktur mikro bahan. Menganalisa hubungan dan pengaruh diameter butir terhadap sifat mekanis bahan. Menganalisa apakah baja K-110 KNL EXTRA yang telah diproses dengan perlakuan hammering memliki sifat mekanis lebih baik dari bahan awal (raw material) tanpa perlakuan apapun. Perbaikan sifat mekanis baja K-110 KNL EXTRA untuk mata pisau pemanen sawit ini dilakukan dengan metode deformasi plastis dengan menggunakan mesin hammering. Pemanasan pada suhu 700°C, 750°C, 800°C, 850°C dan 900°C ditahan selama 1 jam dengan waktu pukulan 5 detik, 10 detik, 15 detik, dan 20 detik. Hasil dari pengujian ini adalah Sifat mekanis baja karbon tinggi tipe K-110 KNL EXTRA dengan proses Hammering diperoleh hasil uji kekerasan maksimum adalah 617,8 BHN pada proses Hammering dengan suhu 850°C dan waktu pukulan 20 detik. Hubungan antara kekerasan dan ukuran butir berbanding terbalik, dimana semakin kecil ukuran butir maka bahan akan semakin keras. Pengaruh dari proses yang telah dilakukan, setelah diambil nilai-nilai optimalnya maka hasil yang diperoleh masih diatas dari pada bahan mentahnya (raw material), sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengaruh proses hammering menaikan sifat-sifat mekanisnya.
ANALISA PERFORMANSI TURBIN VORTEX MENGGUNAKAN PERANGKAT LUNAK CFD DENGAN VARIASI DIMENSI SUDU I DAN SUDU III, DEBIT AIR MASUK SERTA LUAS SALURAN BUANG
Authors: Tanjung Irham F. , Gultom Syahril , Napitupulu Farel H. , Pintoro Andianto , Siregar A. Husein
Published: May 2024

Turbin Vortex adalah salah satu jenis turbin mikrohidro yang menggunakan pusaran air sebagai penggerak sudunya. Pusaran air sendiri didapatkan jikaadanya outlet darirumahsudu.Turbin Vortex mempunyai head yang relatifrendahdanhayamemerlukan debit air terusmenerus, yang sangatcocokdigunakan di aliransungai. TugasAkhir ini sendiri adalah menganalisa dan simulasi secara numerik Turbin Vortex secara CFD dengan menggunakan Ansys Fluent. Analisis dilakukan pada aliran tiga dimensi (3D), steady, turbulen dan incompresible. Analisis sendiri menggunakan tiga jenis outlet 5,5 cm, 6 cm, dan 7 cm yang masing masing divariasikan dengan dua jenis sudu. Sudu I dengan panjang 78,3 cm dan lebar 27,5 cm serta sudu III dengan panjang 78,3 cm dan lebar 13,5 cm. Kedua sudu berjumlah 4 blade dengan satu buah poros. Setelah menganalisa dan simulasi didapat efisiensi maksimal sudu I dan sudu III masing – masing adalah 25,522% dan 43,29 %.
PERAN STRATEGI KOMUIKASI PEMASARAN DALAM MENINGKATKAN PENJUALAN KERIPIK PISANG OLEH – OLEH KHAS LAMPUNG PADA UMKM KERIPI PISANG DIDI
Authors: Helmita Helmita , Surajiyo Surajiyo
Published: May 2024

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana strategi komunikasi dalam peningkatan penjualan keripik pisang oleh - oleh khas Lampung. Komunikasi pemasaran adalah kegiatan komunikasi yang dilakukan antara pembeli dan penjual dan merupakan kegiatan yang membantu dalam pengambilan keputusan di bidang pemasaran serta mengarahkan pertukaran agar lebih memuaskan dengan cara menyandarkan semua pihak untuk berbuat lebih baik. Bauran promosi meliputi inisiatif dan koordinasi dari kegiatan yang berkaitan dengan pengembangan produk yang diiklankan dan promosinya.  Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimanakah strategi komunikasi pemasaran dalam meningkatkan penjualan keripik pisang oleh - oleh khas lampung. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, informan dalam penelitian ini adalah owner UMKM keripik pisang Didi dan 4 orang karyawan serta 30 konsumen UMKM keripik pisang Didi. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Teknik analisis data yaitu analisis interaktif dengan tahap : reduksi data, penyajian data dan penarikan kesimpulan. Strategi Komunikasi Pemasaran dalam penelitian ini terdiri dari 4P yaitu Product, Price, Promotion dan Place. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa strategi komunikasi pemasaran menggunakan media WhatsApp, mulut ke mulut masih harus di tingkatkan lagi dengan menambah strategi promosi yang memanfaatkan media sosial misalnya Instagram, TikTok, dll.
Protective Effect of Acid protease inplasmodium berghei
Authors: Dakhel Khalid Majeed
Published: May 2024

Acid protease from plasmodium berghei was purified through sephadex G-200. Five fold purification of the enzyme was achieved.The purified enzyme contained mixture of proteins ranging between Molecular weights 27K to 66K .Acid protease induced antibody response in mice and the animals were Partially protected upon challenge . Antiprotease antibodies inhibited about 50% invasion of erythrocytes by merozoites in vitro.
El aprendizaje y las tutorías en los universitarios
Authors:   Universidad de Guadalajara, Alvarado Nando Maritza
Published: May 2024

La tutoría es una estrategia de apoyo para que el alumnado resuelva los obstáculos que se le presentan en las universidades. Para valorar los resultados de la tutoría en la UdeG, se realizó durante el periodo 2005-2008 una investigación en torno a la identificación de los aprendizajes de los alumnos de cinco carreras profesionales acreditadas del Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud. Sus hallazgos fueron retomados para elaborar este libro, ya que dan consistencia a los proyectos que se podrían derivar de ellos porque aportan elementos de interés para los diseñadores de programas docentes, formadores de profesores y tutores universitarios.
Performance appraisals of digital spectroscopy systems for the measurement of bone lead
Authors: Bateman S N , Pejović-Milić Ana , Stronach I M , E. McNeill Fiona , R. Chettle David
Published: May 2024

The performances of two new digital spectroscopy systems are compared to a conventional analogue amplifier ADC system for the 109Cd based K X-ray fluorescence in vivo measurement of bone lead. Canberra's DSA-2000 and ORTEC's DSPEC(PLUS) were found to show 27.3 and 10.8% improvements in measurement precision respectively, when compared to an optimized conventional system. The resulting improvements in minimum detection limit, compared with the conventional limit of 6-10 microg Pb/g bone mineral, were reductions of 1.5-2.5 microg Pb/g bone mineral for the DSA-2000, and 0.5-1.0 microg Pb/g bone mineral for the DSPEC(PLUS).
An Accelerator Based System for In Vivo Neutron Activation Analysis Measurements of Manganese in Human Hand Bone
Authors: Arnold M. L. , E. McNeill Fiona , Stronach I M , Pejović-Milić Ana , R. Chettle David , Waker A.
Published: May 2024

Manganese (Mn) is an essential nutrient for growth and development. Unfortunately, overexposure can lead to neurological damage, which is manifested as a movement disorder marked by tremors. Preclinical symptoms have been found in populations occupationally exposed to the element, and it is suggested that in late stages of the disorder, removing the Mn exposure will not prevent symptoms from progressing. Hence, it is desirable to have a means of monitoring Mn body burden. In vivo neutron activation analysis (IVNAA) is a technique which allows the concentration of some elements to be determined within sites of the body without invasive procedures. Data in the literature suggests that the Mn concentration in bone is greater than other tissues, and that it may be a long term storage site following exposure. Therefore, using the McMaster KN-accelerator to produce neutrons through the 7Li(p,n)7Be reaction, the feasibility of IVNAA for measuring Mn levels in the human hand bone was investigated. Mn is activated through the 55Mn(n,y)56Mn reaction, and the 847 keV gamma rays emitted when 56Mn decays are measured outside the body using NaI(Tl) detectors. An optimal incident proton energy of 2.00 MeV was determined from indium foil and microdosimetry measurements. Hand phantom data suggest a minimum detectable limit of approximately 1.8 ppm could be achieved with a reasonably low dose of 50 mSv to the hand (normal manganese levels in the human hand are approximately 1 ppm). It is recommended the technique be developed further to make human in vivo measurements. 
Quantification of bone strontium levels in humans by in vivo X-ray fluorescence
Authors: Pejović-Milić Ana , Stronach I M , B. Gyorffy Janelle , E. Webber Colin , R. Chettle David
Published: May 2024

The need for in vivo bone strontium assessment arises because strontium may exert a number of effects on bone, which may be either beneficial or toxic. Measurements discussed here are noninvasive, no sample is taken, nor is there discomfort to patients. The developed source excited x-ray fluorescence system employs a 109Cd source to excite the strontium K x rays, with the source and detector in approximately 90 degree geometry relative to the sample position. The factors affecting the accuracy and minimal detectable limit for bone strontium in vivo measurements are discussed. A system calibration revealed a minimum detectible limit of approximately 0.25 mg Sr/g Ca, which is sufficient for the monitoring of strontium levels in healthy subjects and patients with elevated bone strontium concentrations. Preliminary in vivo measurements in ten healthy subjects at two bone sites (phalanx and tibia) indicated that this system can be applied for cumulative bone strontium estimation while delivering a low effective dose of 80 nSv during the measurement time. Future work will involve attempts to enhance system precision with alternative fluorescing sources and further optimization of the detection system.
Spectrometry methods for in vivo bone strontium measurements
Authors: Zamburlini M. , Pejović-Milić Ana , Chettle David R.
Published: May 2024

In vivo x-ray fluorescence (XRF) and dual-photon absorptiometry (DPA) are two widely accepted radiation-based measurement techniques. The first one is mainly used for the measurement of toxic elements in the human body, while the second one is clinically used to measure bone density. In this paper we present a literature review of the application of these two techniques to in vivo strontium measurements. Strontium is a natural constituent of the human skeleton, where it may exert beneficial or detrimental effects depending on the dietary intake and other factors. Recently, several medical publications have focused on the beneficial effects on bone of pharmacological dosages of strontium, especially with regard to its anti-osteoporotic effects. However, the mechanism by which strontium exerts its therapeutic action is still not known. XRF and DPA have the potential of providing unique information on bone strontium concentration, retention and elimination that cannot be gained at the moment in any other way.
Monitoring Incorporation of Strontium Citrate in Human Bone using a Novel Non-Invasive Diagnostic Tool, in vivo XRF: A case study
Authors: Moise Helen , D. Adachi J. , R. Chettle David , Pejović-Milić Ana
Published: May 2024

A previously developed in vivo X-ray fluorescence (IVXRF) I-125 based system was used to measure bone strontium levels non-invasively in an osteoporotic female volunteer. The volunteer was recruited in December 2008, as part of the Ryerson and McMaster University Strontium in Bone Research Study and measured at twice weekly, weekly and monthly intervals. Thirty minute measurements were taken at the finger and ankle bone sites, representing primarily cortical and trabecular bone, respectively and the strontium K-alpha X-ray peak at 14.16 keV was used in the analysis. Since the volunteer had no prior history of strontium based medications or supplementation, baseline natural strontium levels were obtained followed by a 24h measurement of first intake of strontium citrate supplements (680 mg Sr/day). While the baseline levels of 0.38 ± 0.05 and 0.39 ± 0.10 for the finger and ankle, respectively, were on par with those previously reported in Caucasians among twenty-two healthy non-supplementing strontium individuals by our group, an increase began to be seen after 24 hrs of 0.62 ± 0.14 and 0.45 ± 0.12 for the finger and ankle, respectively. By 120 h, the increase was statistically significant at 0.68 ± 0.07 and 0.93 ± 0.05, respectively. Further increases occurred within an interval of 90-180 days, with the most recent, after 800 days, at the finger and ankle being 7 and 15 times higher than the initial baseline reading. The intriguing results show bone strontium incorporation and retention follow a pattern, suggesting strontium levels, at least in the ankle, do not plateau within two to three years and will continue to increase over time, as an individual takes strontium supplements. The ability of this IVXRF system to monitor and measure bone strontium levels over time provides a useful diagnostic tool to help gain insight into strontium bone kinetics.
Potential application of the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in MR-guided radiation therapy
Authors: Nosrati Reyhaneh , Paudel Moti , Ravi Ananth , Pejović-Milić Ana , Morton Gerard , Stanisz Greg J.
Published: May 2024

Magnetic resonance-guided radiation therapy (MR-GRT) offers great potential to improve radiation treatment outcomes by providing more accurate and patient-tailored therapy. Despite superior soft tissue contrast in MRI, one of the challenges towards MRI-only workflows is that the process often requires some sort of 'MR-invisible' metal-based devices. In this study, the feasibility of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for visualization of some MR-invisible radiation therapy devices was studied. Our recently proposed QSM-based algorithm for brachytherapy seed visualization was modified and the feasibility of the optimized algorithm for visualization of different devices including: brachytherapy seeds, plastic interstitial needles, CT-markers and obturators, and different types of fiducial markers in agar, prostate and meat phantoms were studied. All phantoms were scanned using 3T MR scanner with a 3D multi-echo gradient recalled echo (ME-GRE) pulse sequence. The QSM results in all phantoms were compared to CT images for spatial accuracy of the QSM. The applied post-processing algorithm was found to be insensitive to the seeds' type; also, presence of nearby calcifications had no effect on seed visualization. QSM successfully generated positive contrast for both types of investigated fiducial markers with high spatial accuracy compared to CT. Interstitial needles containing both aluminum-based CT-maker and titanium-based obturators were accurately depicted on the QSM. The proposed QSM-based technique relies on the standard MR pulse sequences and visualize the conventional MR-invisible metallic devices with CT-like positive contrast solely through post-processing. Upon in vivo validation of the technique, QSM may have the potential to replace CT for an MR-only guided radiation therapy.
Investigating coherent normalization and dosimetry for the Am-241-La K XRF system
Authors: Nguyen Joanna , Pejović-Milić Ana , Gräfe James L
Published: May 2024

Objectives: Lanthanum (La) retention in bone has been shown to occur in individuals who are orally administered lanthanum carbonate (LaC), a drug to treat hyperphosphatemia. The breakdown of LaC in the gastrointestinal tract into La3+ and carbonate ions results in residual quantities of La being deposited in bone. We previously reported on a non-invasive x-ray fluorescence (XRF) system that was developed to quantify bone La concentrations and applied it to a series of excised cadaver tibiae. However, given interpatient variability in bone shape and size, differential signal attenuation that occurs in bone and tissue, patient movement and overlying tissue thickness at the measurement site, quantifying bone La concentrations during in vivo measurements in live subjects needs to be investigated further along with the radiation dose associated with the measurement. Approach: Coherent normalization was investigated as a function of overlying tissue thickness, source-subject distance and bone radius through Monte Carlo simulation and experimental work. This was accomplished by observing the ratio of the net La K x-ray peak area to the coherently scattered peak area at 59.5 keV. In addition, the dose delivered during a 2000 s measurement was determined using radiochromic film. Main results: The coherent normalization of the La x-ray signal was shown to be independent of overlying tissue thickness, source-subject movement and bone radius, which indicates that this normalization procedure can correct for these factors. The equivalent skin dose and effective dose were 18.0 mSv and 3.2 μSv, respectively for a five-year-old. Significance: While coherent normalization for the bone lead (Pb) and bone gadolinium (Gd) systems has been shown to be successful, we also report that this normalization procedure can correct for these interpatient variabilities in the in vivo241Am-La K XRF system.
Investigating the impact of internal standard heterogeneity on gold quantification with total reflection X-ray fluorescence: A simulation study
Authors: Pejović-Milić Ana , Mankovskii Gabriella
Published: May 2024

Total reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF) is a powerful analytical tool with high detection sensitivity that has been applied to a variety of biological samples. While its ability to quantify gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in cancer cells has been demonstrated, the extension to tissue slices would be of interest. To that end, the preservation of the underlying tissue microstructure requires samples to be measured as microtome slices. In this form, internal standard spiking is warranted. Thus, it is important to examine the impact of sample heterogeneity on the TXRF's quantification accuracy. To address these questions, a TXRF spectrometer along with 5 μm thin heterogeneous and homogeneous samples were modeled using TOPAS. The simulation model generated TXRF spectra which were then analyzed to obtain recovery rates of Au in both sample types. The results showed near 100% recovery regardless of the elemental spatial distribution in the samples. This provides insights into the quantification potential for AuNPs inside tumors that are histologically processed into thin tissue slices. In addition, this simulation toolkit provides the first practical means of modeling TXRF spectroscopy which will hopefully be of use to the TXRF community.
Quantification of gold nanoparticles in histologically thin tissue slices using TXRF
Authors: Mankovskii Gabriella , Pejović-Milić Ana
Published: May 2024

The promise of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) in cancer applications remains an active area of research. The assessment of tumoral uptake can provide valuable insights into their intended efficacy. Total X-ray reflection fluorescence (TXRF) spectroscopy offers low detection limits coupled with direct quantification through internal standardization. These features enable TXRF to measure uptake of AuNPs in the presence of organic matrix. In this work, we demonstrate TXRF's ability to directly quantify AuNP concentration in slices of tissue. Bovine liver was cut into 5 μm thin slices, and 10 nm reference material AuNPs were deposited either above or below the tissue. The tissue slice was then spiked with a lanthanum (La) internal standard. In order to extend the investigation to homogenous samples, a TOPAS-based simulation toolkit was used to model Au-containing tissue. Additionally, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the distribution of the Au and La on the tissue slices, revealing elemental uniformity on the tissue surface. The experimental and simulation results revealed nearly 100% quantification accuracy of AuNPs in all permutations of sample configuration—making TXRF a viable option for assessment of tumoral AuNP uptake with minimal sample preparation.