bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PROBLEM ISSUES OF DRUG SUPPLY OF THE POPULATION IN REMOTE AREAS
Authors: E.M. Aslanidi , M.T. Kisieva , F.N. Bidarova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Research on the study and improvement of certain problems of ensuring the quality of medicines (MP) in medical and pharmaceutical organizations (MO and FD) has been carried out in recent years by many specialists (Loskutova E.E., Maksimkina E.A., Yagudina R.I., Bagirova V.L., Telnova E.A., Bidarova F.N. and others). The use in practice of the previously mentioned works contributed to the achievement of modern results in matters of drug provision of the population. However, studies to improve the system of drug supply within the framework of the activities of MO (outpatient and inpatient levels) that have a license to sell pharmaceutical products have not been carried out. Given the great importance and social significance of the problem of ensuring the quality of medicines in MO, further research is needed to identify reserves for improving the processes of drug supply in MO with the right to implement them. This article discusses the causes of the problems of drug provision of the population in rural areas, remote and hard-to-reach areas and raises issues of insufficient efficiency of MO in the study region. Shortcomings in the work of the indicated medical organizations are identified, requiring the adoption of specific steps to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of their activities. The priority of the direction of the state policy on drug provision of citizens of remote settlements with high-quality, effective and affordable drugs should give a long-awaited result. Improving the management structure of drug quality assurance in medical organizations requires the creation of a unified methodological framework. On the basis of structural and system methods of analysis, criteria for evaluating the practical and economic activities of these MOs were formed.
AGE-RELATED ASPECTS OF ANTENATAL, INTRAPARTUM AND EARLY NEONATAL LOSSES
Authors: A.A. Suverneva
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Unfavorable demographic trends, combined with the aging of the population, make it possible to consider the reduction and prevention of perinatal losses as a potential demographic reserve. The reduction in the number of women of active reproductive age, the increase in the birth rate among women over 35 years of age and the lack of a unified scientific opinion regarding the age of mothers unfavorable for the perinatal period indicate the need for research and consideration of age-related aspects in the prediction and prevention of perinatal losses.
Objective of the study: to study the role of women's age as a risk factor for antenatal and intrapartum fetal death, early neonatal death of a newborn.
Materials and research methods. A retrospective study was conducted with the participation of patients with antenatal (n=134) and intrapartum (n=41) fetal death, early neonatal death of a newborn (n=61) and a favorable perinatal outcome (n=50) as a control. We studied the age of women, conducted a comparative analysis of the age structure of these groups, determined the prognostic weight of significant age intervals in antenatal, intrapartum fetal death and early neonatal death of a newborn. We used the program "Statistica 10.0" for statistical processing of the obtained data and the Bayes model of prediction with analysis by A. Wald, method of E.V. Gubler and the criterion of S. Kullback.
Results. We found that there was a statistically significant difference in the age of patients between the groups of antenatal risk and control (p=0.01), as well as antenatal and early neonatal risk (p=0.003). A comparative analysis of the age structure of the groups showed that patients aged 15-19 years were significantly more likely, in comparison with the control, to occur in the early neonatal risk group (p=0.003), and women aged 30 and over ‒ in the antenatal (p=0.002) and intranatal (p= 0.01) risk groups. We have calculated prognostic coefficients and indicators of informativeness of the most significant age intervals in the blood serum of pregnant women with antenatal fetal death, intrapartum fetal death and early neonatal death of a newborn. We have determined age intervals that worsen and improve the perinatal prognosis.
Conclusion. The conducted study allows us to consider certain age categories of women as factors of differentiated risk of antenatal, intrapartum and early neonatal losses. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the prognostic role of women's age and indicate the need to include this factor in the systems for assessing the condition of the fetus and newborn at each stage of the perinatal period.
APPLICATION OF IN VITRO MODELING FOR PHARMACEUTICAL DEVELOPMENT OF IN SITU SYSTEMS
Authors: E.O. Bakhrushina
Published: September 2022

Abstract. In vitro modeling of organs, tissues and systems is used to evaluate biopharmaceutical parameters of dosage forms and delivery systems – a trend that has been developing since the second half of the 20th century. One of the first among such models were devices for determining the parameter "Dissolution" of solid dosage forms. Today, with the growing research interest in the creation of new delivery systems, including stimulus–sensitive systems in situ, the scientific community needs a larger range of in vitro models that provide not only physiological counting actual parameters - pH of the biological fluid medium, temperature, clearance rate, which are taken into account in most modern models, but also special, potentiating the phase transition for in situ systems – the exact reproduced ionic composition of the liquid and mucose, the nature of the soft tissues on which the application is performed, etc. Such parameters can be used both in ready-made validated devices, by setting modified techniques, and when creating fundamentally new in vitro models.
For example, in 2021, on the basis of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology of the Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin of Sechenov University, a model of the nasal cavity made of sculptural plasticine was developed and validated in vitro. The developed model was irrigated with a solution reproducing the mineral composition of nasal fluid before each experiment. The irrigation solution of the model contained 4% (m/V) mucin of pig stomach type II (Sigma Aldrich), which is a mixture of glycoproteins secreted by pig digestive glands with a content of N-acetyl-neuramic acid – 0.5%. For the in vitro experiment, the model was placed in a thermostat and kept at a temperature of 37℃ for 5-10 minutes. The developed nasal cavity model is successfully used for screening of intranasal pharmaceutical compositions both in the form of classical sprays, mucoadhesive systems, and stimulus-sensitive (thermo-, pH- or ion-selective) in situ systems.
RESEARCH ON THE CREATION OF ANTIOXIDANT COMBINATION DRUG
Authors: M.T. Kisieva , F.N. Bidarova , A.N. Sabeeva
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Currently, the search and creation of antioxidant drugs has high relevance and practical significance. From this point of view, drugs such as taurine and ascorbic acid, dihydroquercetin are of interest, which are important in regulating the antioxidant system.
The proposed drug will allow correcting oxidative processes, the immune state of the body, improve all metabolic processes, eliminate all free radicals that are formed in the process of vital activity. The proposed composition (taurine, ascorbic acid, dihydroquercetin) is essential in maintaining and stabilizing the body's antioxidant protection in the prevention and treatment of various diseases, including viral diseases, which are characterized by an increase in free radical processes and in the depletion of the body's natural antioxidant protection.
To assess the antioxidant drug market and the practical significance of the development of an effective antioxidant drug, marketing studies have been conducted that have confirmed the relevance of the planned studies.
Based on the results of studies of the literature data, the composition and dosage of the proposed antioxidant drug, including taurine, ascorbic acid, dihydroquercitin and auxiliary substances in the form of powder, is justified.
To identify the ingredients of the developed antioxidant drug, qualitative color reactions are proposed that are sensitive and specific.
Quantitative determination is proposed to be carried out by spectral (taurine, dihydroquercetin) and titrimetric (iodatometric) methods (ascorbic acid).
The assay methods for the ingredients are validated (specific, sensitive and linear).
Based on the results of experimental studies, the quality standards of the proposed antioxidant drug have been developed.
ANALYSIS OF INCIDENCE AND TACTICS OF A DENTIST IN THE DIAGNOSIS OF PRECANCER DISEASES OF THE MOUTH MUCOSA
Authors: E.G. Borisova , A.M. Kovalevsky , V.A. Zheleznyak , L.P. Polevaya
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Allergic rhinitis (AR) is one of the most common diseases in children. There are not many modern data on the prevalence and incidence of AR in children, and therefore it is difficult to form strategies aimed at prevention at an early age. In turn, information deficiency causes a low level of allergic alertness among doctors regarding the implementation of AR in children and leads to an increase in the number of patients with AR with late diagnoses, as well as a decrease in the quality of life of patients and their families, which has significant socio-economic consequences. The purpose of the study was to assess the prevalence of AR among children living in the Odintsovo urban district of the Moscow region. In the conditions of the polyclinic, 61204 cards of children for 2017-2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Based on the data obtained, the following statistical indicators were calculated: gender and age composition of patients with AR, incidence, prevalence for specific annual indicators and age groups. At the time of the retrospective analysis, 946 children were diagnosed with AR, including Asthma and AR in 294 children, hay fever in 317 children, isolated AR in 335 children. In 2020, the incidence was 12.67 per 1000 children, and the prevalence was 126.91 per 1000 children, these Fig.s are increasing annually. The incidence in different age categories, namely 6-7 years and 8-12 years, is higher than the average prevalence in the district and with the growing population, the incidence increases. Our data on the prevalence of AR in the Odintsovo urban district have some overlap with the data on the prevalence in the Russian Federation and in the world, but meanwhile, on average, they are still underestimated than according to ISAAC data and have a wide variation in different age categories, which requires further study. on additional samples of children in the region.
METHODS OF IDENTIFICATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACIDS IN THE COMPOSITION OF THE EXOMETABOLITE OF THE PROBIOTIC CULTURE LACTOBACILUS PLANTARUM 8P-A3
Authors: E.G. Shilova , M.S. Pustobaeva , A.N. Krasilnikova , M.D. Hohryakova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Human life in modern conditions is characterized by the constant influence of adverse environmental factors affecting the neuropsychological, physiological and metabolic parameters of the body. The compensatory capabilities of each individual, including the immune state, are largely determined by the state of the microbiota. In practical microbiology, research is relevant in the development of a new generation of drugs designed to maintain and restore normal flora, including fundamentally new probiotics - metabiotics created on the basis of microbial exometabolites. Taking into account the demand for metabiotics in the pharmaceutical market, an exometabolite complex was proposed for the design of such preparations, obtained by ultrafiltration of the culture liquid of a probiotic strain used in the production of lactobacterin. It is known that, along with bacteriocins, carboxylic acids remain among very significant components of the metabolite complexes of lactobacilli. In this regard, the purpose of this work was to choose the optimal physicochemical method for the joint determination of carboxylic acids on the model of the complex of exometabolites of the probiotic culture Lactobacilus plantarum 8P-A3.As a result of the studies, it was found that the optimal physicochemical method for identifying carboxylic acids in the composition of the metabolite complex is the method of capillary zone electrophoresis. In the composition of metabolites, such significant acids as lactic (217.7 g/l), citric and acetic (29.6 and 10.2 g/l) were identified. The simplicity and expressiveness of this method, combined with its high sensitivity in the determination of carboxylic acids, including in samples with complex matrices, is noted.
THE USE OF MODERN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN PHARMACEUTICAL ENTERPRISES
Authors: E.E. Egorov , A.V. Kovalenko , A.A. Khalimova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The article analyzes the current conditions for the development of the Russian pharmaceutical market and new information technologies, the use of which today is a key factor in the successful development of pharmaceutical enterprises. The risks of information support at domestic pharmaceutical enterprises in the conditions of external sanctions pressure are investigated. As you know, the health sector is not subject to sanctions for humanitarian reasons, so the supply of vital medicines and vaccines to the country continues. However, it is not possible to completely avoid the indirect impact of the most extensive restrictions on the pharmaceutical industry. Many drug manufacturers already are facing disruptions and disruptions in their logistics chains, difficulties are experienced in purchasing raw materials (active pharmaceutical substances and excipients) and packaging materials previously supplied in large quantities from the countries of the European Union and the United States of America. The restrictions imposed against the information technology industry contributed to the indirect impact on the pharmaceutical industry. Therefore, an analysis of possible risks of information support at domestic pharmaceutical enterprises was carried out and proposals were put forward to overcome the imposed restrictions, prospects for further development were considered. In order to achieve this goal, the risks of the information technology sphere were analyzed in general and the main factors affecting the stability of the information support of pharmaceutical organizations were identified. Alternative ways of replacing foreign information platforms with their own domestic developments in the IT field are proposed, allowing businesses, in particular pharmaceutical companies, to automate their internal and external processes, as well as protect their data
МЕТОДИКА ОЦЕНКИ РИСКА СНИЖЕНИЯ КАЧЕСТВА ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ В ТЕРРИТОРИАЛЬНОМ СЕГМЕНТЕ СФЕРЫ ОБРАЩЕНИЯ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ СВЕРДЛОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
Authors: A.Y. Kantorovich , A.L. Petrov , G.N. Andrianova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Introduction. At the present stage of the development of the drugs quality control system in the Russia, studies of the balance of control measures for the movement of goods and the qualitative characteristics of certain types of activities in the field of drug circulation are of interest. The purpose of the study is a situational analysis of the balance of the drugs quality control system measures at the stages of drug distribution in the segment of the regional pharmaceutical market on the example of the Sverdlovsk region by forming a risk transfer matrix to diagnose the risk of drug quality reduction at the regional level. Materials and methods. Structural and functional analysis of medicines quality control system. Content analysis of normative documentation. Results and discussion. Identification and procedural structuring of the key processes of the system were carried out, a risk transfer matrix was formed, its key characteristics were developed and justified. The existing approach to selective control does not take into account the points of concentration of turnover, which leads to an unbalanced coverage of control measures between wholesale and retail agents of the pharmaceutical market. Conclusion. The existing approach to the selection of control objects in the territorial segment of the medicines quality control system can be harmonized by shifting the emphasis towards wholesale pharmaceutical activities with increased validation of product-oriented procedures of intra-company quality management system of wholesale trade enterprises. In the Sverdlovsk region, there are prerequisites for strengthening the qualification measures of the quality management system with the involvement of an additional regional laboratory complex of the medicine's quality control.
PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS AMONG CHILDREN LIVING IN THE ODINTSO CITY DISTRICT OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors: O.B. Kalinkina , Yu.V. Tezikov , I.S. Lipatov , N.A. Krasnova , M.O. Mayorova , O.N. Brenerova , A.V. Gerasimova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Endometriosis, which affects up to 10 % of women of reproductive age, is the presence of endometrial tissue outside the uterine cavity. This is more common in women with pelvic pain or infertility. In some women, endometriosis is asymptomatic, while others show symptoms such as debilitating pelvic pain, dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, lack of pregnancy. We have studied data on epidemiology, risk factors, clinical picture, diagnosis formulation and modern methods of diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis in domestic and foreign literature. . In patients with endometriosis, risk factors such as early menarche, late menopause, shortening of the menstrual cycle, absence of childbirth, and a short period of breastfeeding are more often detected. The clinical picture of endometriosis is variable and ranges from debilitating pelvic pain and infertility to asymptomatic course. In the diagnosis of endometriosis, in addition to anamnesis and physical examination data, a large ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of the pelvis play an important role. Laparoscopy can be used to confirm the diagnosis before additional treatments are prescribed. Studies comparing dienogest (selective progestin) with Gn RH analogues have shown a comparable reduction in pain. Data from other researchers have shown the effectiveness of the intrauterine system with levonorgestrel (Mirena) in endometriosis. The study of the data presented in the publications of domestic and foreign authors revealed the commonality of approaches to the diagnosis and treatment of endometriosis. At the same time, there are some differences in the use of various drugs in the treatment of this pathology and the duration of therapy, which are not of a fundamental nature. The goals of therapy - relief of pain syndrome and improvement of the patient's quality of life also do not differ according to different authors. All of the above allows us to conclude that the problems with endometriosis are relevant and require further analysis and search for new methods of effective diagnosis and treatment.
PREVALENCE OF ALLERGIC RHINITIS AMONG CHILDREN LIVING IN THE ODINTSO CITY DISTRICT OF THE MOSCOW REGION
Authors: D.K. Gulyaev , V.D. Belonogova , O.L. Blinova , P.S. Mashchenko
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) Rosaceae is a perennial semi-shrub. Raspberry fruits are used in medicine as a diaphoretic. Underground organs are also of interest for medical use, thanks to the history of use in folk medicine and scientific research data. It is important not only to study the chemical composition, pharmacological action, but also to determine the authenticity of raw materials. The aim of the work was to determine the diagnostic signs of raspberry roots. Samples of raspberry roots were harvested on the territory of the Ilyinsky district of Perm Krai in the blueberry spruce forest. The material for the study was previously fixed in a mixture of glycerin - water - ethyl alcohol for 3 days. Cross-sections were made from the prepared materials. The micro-preparations were examined in a solution of chloral hydrate, and they were also stained with phloroglucin and Lugol's solution. When studying the cross-section of the raspberry root, it was found that the root has a secondary structure. The covering tissue is the periderm. Parenchymal cells of the phelloderm contain starch grains. Conducting system of non-ductile structure. The phloem has a typical structure for angiosperms and is located in a solid ring. The secondary xylem is represented by large vessels that surround the sclerenchyme. During the study, the following anatomical diagnostic signs of raspberry roots were established: the root has a secondary non–bulky structure, stony cells and idioblast - druze cells were found in the phelloderm. The established anatomical diagnostic features can be used in the development of normative documentation for raw materials, as well as to establish the authenticity of raspberry roots.
RESEARCH OF THE EXCIPIENTS EFFECT FOR POLYMER BASIS IN OCULAR INSERT DEVELOPMENT
Authors: A.R. Turaeva , E.O. Bakhrushina , I.I. Krasnyuk
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The spread of ophthalmic infectious diseases around the world and uniformity of the market of dosage forms for their therapy generate an incentive for scientists to develop innovative drug forms, to create improved therapy for such diseases as uevitis, conjunctivitis, keratitis and blepharitis. There are two types of eye dosage forms on the market of the Russian Federation - drops and ointments, which have a short shelf life after the first application, a high risk of microbial infection and infection of a "healthy" eye. Based on these facts, the study aims to develop a solid extended dosed biodegradable ocular insert for use in ophthalmotherapy. This article is devoted to the peculiarities of influence of film forming agents of different nature, plasticizer and solubilizing agent (poloxamer) and their ratio on the biopharmaceutical properties of the polymeric base of ocular insert. Polymers of both natural and semi-synthetic nature (hydroxyethylcellulose, sodium alginate, xanthan and gellan gum) were used to create the polymeric basis. Placebo inserts were formed at room temperature in open space for three days. The test of the samples was carried out according to the parameters of description, elasticity, dissolution time, humidity, which include in the State Pharmacopeia XIV, and mucohedhesion, that is an important parameter for locally administering on mucosa, although it is not regulated in official documents. The series of experiments showed the optimum concentrations and ratios of the auxiliary substances used, namely 0.5% to 2.5% for film type manufacturers, 2% for plasticizers and 0.5% for poloxamers, respectively. The formulations that showed the best performance when evaluating the parameters were - sodium alginate 2.5%, glycerin 2%, poloxamer 0.5%, water purified up to 40.0; xanthan gum 0.4%, glycerin 2%, poloxamer 0.5%, water purified up to 40.0.have a wide variation in different age categories, which requires further study. on additional samples of children in the region.
DESCRIPTIVE EPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF A NEW CORONAVIRUS INFECTION IN THE PRIMORSKY TERRITORY FOR 2020-2022
Authors: S.A. Sokotun , A.I. Simakova , N.G. Plekhova , I.V. Shestakova , A.O. Mikhailov
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The purpose of the study: to conduct an epidemiological analysis of the incidence of coronavirus infection in the Primorsky Territory, to identify risk groups depending on gender, age, social status. Evaluate the effectiveness of vaccination.
Materials and methods: this study uses data from infectious morbidity in the Primorsky Territory of the Office of the Federal Service for Supervision of Consumer Rights Protection and Human Welfare in the Primorsky Territory and the Population Register for Coronavirus Infection.
Results and discussion: an analysis of the incidence of a new coronavirus infection in the Primorsky Territory for 2020-22 was carried out. The incidence is presented in general for 2020-2021 and the beginning of 2022. The incidence rate for each month since the beginning of the pandemic is presented. Features of the monthly morbidity were revealed, an analysis was carried out. The rises and declines in morbidity are shown and analyzed. The distribution of patients by sex, age, social status was carried out. Risk groups have been identified. Analysis of the incidence of coronavirus infection by severity. The vaccination of the population of the Primorsky Territory is analyzed. Vaccination coverage and efficacy were evaluated.
Conclusion: the incidence of coronavirus infection since the beginning of the pandemic is analyzed, the periods of increase in the incidence rate by year and the risk group, primarily those subject to vaccination, are shown.
HISTORICAL EXPERIENCE AND PROSPECTS OF USING WALNUT LEAVES IN MEDICINE (JUGLANS REGIA L.)
Authors: A.S. Klyuchnikova , O.V. Nesterova , D.A. Dobrokhotov , V.Y. Ermakova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) - a medicinal plant with a variety of properties, which has great therapeutic potential in medicine. In the past two decades, there has been great interest in evaluating the phenolic content and antioxidant activity of various parts of the walnut. This contribution highlights and comparatively analyzes recent scientific work on the extraction and quantification of the bioactive content of walnut leaves. The current review article also attempted to describe the antioxidant content of phenolic extracts obtained from walnut leaves.
As a result of a comparative analysis of the literature data on the chemical composition and evaluation of the effect of walnut leaves on the course of various diseases it was found that the leaves contain a greater amount of flavonoids, tannins and naphthoquinones, and leaf extracts have a positive effect on the recovery processes during diseases, which proves the feasibility of their use in medicine.
OPTIMIZATION OF COVID-19 DRUG THERAPY COSTS BASED ON PHARMACOECONOMIC ANALYSIS
Authors: N.D. Chereshneva , T.F. Chernykh , A.V. Krasilnikov
Published: September 2022

Abstract. COVID-19, a disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), was first reported in China in December 2019. Economically, the spread of COVID-19, the ever-increasing number of patients, and complications of the disease have resulted in high direct medical and indirect costs to patients, the healthcare system, and the government as a whole. Direct medical costs vary depending on the number of patients, disease severity, average length of hospital stay and other factors. The aim of the study was to identify ways to optimize COVID-19 drug therapy costs using pharmacoeconomic analysis methods. Case histories of 334 patients treated in a reassigned infectious disease unit of a hospital with a diagnosis of Covid-19 novel coronavirus infection were analyzed. 80% of the medical organization's costs were for 8 medications (5.6%): levilimab, baricitinib, olokizumab, heparin, dalteparin, levofloxacin, cefotaxime+sulbactam, and propofol. Comparative analysis of the cost of drug therapy with the recommended treatment regimens of the Temporary Methodological Recommendations of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation showed that only when using the scheme № 2 for a moderate course of the disease and the choice of the cheapest drugs, the cost of completed cases covers the cost of treatment of patients, other treatment regimens for medical organization are economically unjustified. The cost of therapy with these drugs exceeds the cost of paid cases depending on the scheme and variant from 65% to 198%. The study aims to assess the cost of clinical management of patients hospitalized with COVID-19, depending on their severity, by examining the resources used to provide medical care.
IMMEDIATE INSTALLATION OF IMPLANTS IN THE SOCKET OF THE EXTRACTED TOOTH AND IMMEDIATE TEMPORARY PROSTHETICS AS A METHOD FOR IMPROVING DENTAL REHABILITATION (REVIEW OF LITERATURE DATA AND OWN CLINICAL EXPERIENCE)
Authors: L.I. Nikitina , V.V. Gilyazeva , A.S. Gromova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. According to the analysis of the dental services market, more than 2 million implants are installed annually in the world. Despite the actively developing dental implantation, dentists are cautious about installing an implant in the socket of an extracted tooth. Most often, the installation of implants is recommended 6-12 months after the extraction of teeth. Most dentists-implantologists avoid immediate implantation and prosthetics, referring to early postoperative complications and disintegration of implants. At the same time, immediate implantation makes it possible to change the strategy of an integrated approach to curation of target patients within the framework of biological compatibility, which is confirmed by the results of this study.
The work is devoted to the analysis of the simultaneous implantation as a method of improving dental rehabilitation. The data of literary sources and own research on the issues of immediate implantation, its qualitative characteristics and clinical and functional capabilities are presented. The requirements for the quality and characteristics of implants are noted, the use of universal implant systems NobelBiocare, Straumann, Astra Tech, Miss, Konmet, etc., that meet all the criteria, allowing for simultaneous implantation with subsequent immediate loading, is considered. Based on the results of our own clinical studies, practical recommendations are proposed that should guide the planning and implementation of this method, which makes it possible to obtain positive long-term results. The advantages and disadvantages of one-stage implantation are presented - a method that can significantly reduce the duration of treatment, reduce the number of surgical interventions and visits to the doctor. It is noted that when using the method, a good aesthetic result is achieved, since the scalloped gingival contour is preserved, and the technology and bioacceptable materials allow the entire process of immediate implantation to be carried out within the framework of biological compatibility.
ANALYSIS OF CITIZENS'APPLICATIONS TO THE MINISTRY’S OF HEALTH OF THE CHELYABINSK REGION HOTLINE DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC
Authors: A.A. Kholopov , A.Yu. Govorukha
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The pandemic of coronavirus infection COVID-19, officially announced by WHO in March 2020, has had a direct impact on all segments of Russian society. Citizens of the Russian Federation, realizing their constitutional rights to health protection and information, with the development of the pandemic began to contact health authorities at the regional and federal levels more often. The authors, using generally accepted approaches, studied the dynamics of citizens' calls to the hotline of the Ministry of Health of the Chelyabinsk Region from January 2020 to March 2021, analyzed the calls received by topic and territorial affiliation. The dynamics of requests was tracked for 15 months; authors identified the main reasons for calls. The features of the work of call center operators and the awareness of citizens about the purpose and rules of the regional Ministry of Health hotline were also studied. The study showed that in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the needs of citizens for medical information are sharply increasing; the hotline has become an important point for registering cases of new infection and preventing its spread. Based on the data obtained, the authors made an attempt not only to describe the work with citizens' appeals during different periods of the coronavirus infection epidemic, but also to assess the effectiveness of the regional Ministry of Health hotline, as well as to offer recommendations for improving its recent work.
POLY-D, L-LACTIDE-CO-GLYCOLIDE - A PROSPECTIVE POLYMER FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF NANOSYSTEMS FOR DRUG DELIVERY (REVIEW)
Authors: M.V. Sorokoumova , D.V. Kompantsev , L.I. Shcherbakova , V.A. Kompantsev , A.I. Medvetsky , N.S. Zyablitseva , T.M. Vasina , E.G. Sannikova
Published: September 2022

Abstract. This article is a literature review that describes the prospects for the use of poly-D,L-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) in pharmacy as a material for the development of nano-delivery agents for therapeutic agents. The aim of the review is to summarize information about modern drug delivery systems based on PLGA. Results. Biodegradable polymers play an important role in the development of the modern pharmaceutical industry and allow solving the problems of targeted delivery and controlled release of medicinal substances. Due to their exceptional properties, microparticles based on these polymers can protect drug molecules from instant degradation in vivo, while providing a customizable release rate and profile, and maximize their pharmacological effects by reducing their side effects. PLGA is considered one of the most successfully synthesized biodegradable polymers. For the creation of polymer nanostructures, PLGA has attracted attention due to its key controllable properties. It is biocompatible and biodegradable to non-toxic endogenous compounds. PLGA microparticle production methods are well-defined and easy to replicate in laboratory and industrial environments. The use of PLGA as a basis for nanoparticles, followed by surface modification, makes it possible to achieve such positive changes as an increase in the bioavailability of substances, leveling of unwanted side effects, the possibility of targeted drug delivery to target organs, maintaining a constant plasma concentration, and reducing the number of injections. The potential of PLGA nanoparticles for targeted and controlled delivery of various micro- and macromolecules, including drugs, peptides, proteins, monoclonal antibodies, growth factors and DNA, etc., has been widely studied. The field of application of these nanoparticles includes a wide range of pathologies, which is especially important in therapy oncological, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and other diseases. The development and implementation of PLGA-based delivery nanostructures, providing targeted, prolonged release of therapeutic agents, will allow solving urgent problems of pharmacy and medicine. Conclusions. Based on the analysis of the literature data carried out by the authors, the prospects for the use of PLGA for the development of nanosystems for drug delivery are shown.
NEUROGENIC INFLAMMATION AND PECULIARITIES OF THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH BRONCHIAL ASTHMA DEPENDING ON THE SEVERITY AND PHENOTYPE OF THE DISEASE
Authors: A.I. Borisova , E.F. Kabirova , E.R. Urazaeva , E.R. Abdrakhmanova , D.O. Galimov
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Bronchial asthma (BA) is a heterogeneous disease characterized by chronic airway inflammation. The central link in the pathogenesis of the disease is the inflammatory process of the bronchial wall, the maintenance of which, along with allergens, infections and toxic agents, is facilitated by "neurogenic" inflammatory factors, and imbalance in the links of the autonomic nervous system. Vasointestinal peptide is involved in bronchodilation and substance P is currently considered as the main mediator of neurogenic inflammation, capable of causing such pathophysiological reactions as pain, mucosal edema, mucus hypersecretion, and bronchoconstriction. The research available to date does not fully reflect the mechanisms and degree of influence of the imbalance of the autonomic nervous system and neurogenic inflammation in patients with severe bronchial asthma. In this regard, the study of autonomic dysfunction and it’s connection with the clinical features of severe bronchial asthma is relevant and can contribute to the improvement of a personalized approach to the treatment of patients with asthma, which is of practical interest. Our study presents the results of the level of neuropeptides depending on the type of dysfunction of the autonomic nervous system, as well as the phenotype of bronchial asthma.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY RISK FACTORS DEVELOPMENT DURING
MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION IN YOUNG AND MIDDLE-AGE MEN WITH GOUT
Authors: A.V. Gordienko , A.V. Sotnikov , B.B. Tassybayev , D.V. Nosovich , B.A. Chumak
Published: September 2022

Abstract. Relevance. Acute kidney injury (AKI) in myocardial infarction worsens the prognosis and increases the duration of treatment of patients.
Aim. To evaluate predictors of acute kidney injury in myocardial infarction in men younger than 60 years of age with gout to assess opportunities to improve prevention.
Material and methods. The study included men 42-59 years old (y.o.) with type I MI and gout. Patients were divided into two age-comparable groups: I - study group, with AKI - two pa-tients; II - control, without it - 24 patients. Comparative evaluation of data on cardiovascular risk factors, parameters of the disease course in selected groups was performed. Quantitative parameters were determined twice, in the first 48 hours (1) and at the end of the third week (2) of MI. Pearson's chi-square method was used to assess the absolute (AR) and relative (RR) risks of developing AKI under the influence of the listed factors.
Results. A significant effect on the possibility of developing AKI in the examined patients was obtained for: a history of urolithiasis (AR 50.0%; p=0.01), MI in the winter period (AR 40.0%; p=0.03 ); levels of low-density lipoproteins1<2.5 mmol/l (AR 50.0%; p=0.04), ratios of total cholesterol1/high-density lipoproteins1<3.7 (AR 50.0%; p=0.04), glucose1 ≥8.9 mmol/l (AR 100.0%; RR 14.0; p=0.008); potassium1 ˂3.8 mmol/l (AR 100.0%; RR 13.0; p=0.01), glomerular filtration rate (СKD-EPI)1≥123.0 ml/min/1.73 m2 (AR 100.0%; RR 14.0, p=0.008); polytopic extrasystole (AR 100.0%; RR 14.0; p=0.008), thromboembolism (AR 100.0%; RR 14.0; p=0.08) in the structure of MI complications; levels of systolic blood pres-sure (BPsyst)1≥200 mm Hg. (AR 66.7%; p=0.002), mean BP1≥133.0 (AR 66.7%; p=0.002), stroke index1≥39.8 ml/m2 (AR 66.7%; p=0.002), transverse dimension of the right atrium (RA)1 ˃52 mm (AR 50.0%; p=0.01).
Conclusions. The most important for the risk of AKI development during MI in men under 60 y.o. with gout were arterial hypertension (BPsyst≥200 mHg), hyperglycemia (≥8.9 mmol/l), RA dilation (˃52 mm), history of urolithiasis. Combinations of the above parameters should be used to form high-risk groups for AKI development in this category of patients to improve preventive measures, as well as for predictive modeling.
STUDY OF REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF STRAWBERRY GARDEN LEAF EXTRACT DRY
Authors: O.V. Yaborova , V.D. Belonogova , I.V. Alekseeva
Published: September 2022

Abstract. The growing demand for medicinal herbal preparations, the changing requirements of the regulatory system for their effectiveness and safety during the registration procedure pose certain tasks for their study. For the prevention and treatment of various diseases, along with a wide range of synthetic medicines, herbal medicines are used. At the same time, not only medicinal plants and collections are used as herbal medicines, but also various plant extracts, individual biologically active compounds isolated from plants. A preclinical study of reproductive toxicity seems necessary, since it is known that some medicinal plants have a teratogenic effect [1]. The main task of the preclinical study of the effect of potential drugs on the reproductive system is to prove or exclude the possibility of developing a teratogenic effect caused by a new pharmacological agent in an animal experiment. Mandatory testing for reproductive toxicity should be subject to new, original pharmacological agents, as well as well-known drugs recommended for use in long repeated courses, as well as for the treatment of pregnant women and when prescribed during lactation; as preventive agents and contraceptives [2, 3]. Strawberry garden leaf extract dry (strawberry garden extract) is one of the potential substances for obtaining safe medicines for the prevention and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract, as it has diuretic and anti–inflammatory activity [4]. The study of the reproductive toxicity of strawberry garden extract is a mandatory part of the preclinical safety assessment of a new pharmacological substance for obtaining safe medicines with it. In this regard, studies on the reproductive toxicity of strawberry garden leaves of dry extract are relevant in the framework of preclinical studies and substantiation of the use of the substance for the further development of medicines based on it.
İKİDİLLİ ÇOCUĞUN İLK CÜMLE OLUŞUM SÜREÇLERİNE BİR BAKIŞ (18-27 AYLAR)
Authors: ÇELİK Muhammet
Published: September 2022

İnsana özgü dil edinim yeteneğiyle dünyaya gelen çocuğun konuşma süreci, tek sözcük döneminden itibaren cümle hükmündeki kelimelerin telaffuzuyla başlayıp, iki veya daha fazla kelime kullanılarak ilk cümle yapılarının oluşturulduğu sürece doğru ilerler. Bu süreçte genel olarak çocukların cümlelerinde gözüken tamamlanmamış yapıların yanı sıra ikidilli çocukların cümlelerinde iki dilin birlikte kullanılması veya birbirini etkilemesi gibi fenomenler de gözükür. Çocuk bazen her iki dilden de öğelerin veya sözdizim özelliklerinin yer aldığı cümleler oluştururken bazen de bunun aksine her bir dili ayrı olarak kullanabilmektedir. Bu görünümler iki dili eşzamanlı olarak edinen bir çocuğun konuşma gelişimindeki doğal sürecin parçalarıdır ve çocuktan çocuğa değişiklik ve özgünlük arz eder. Bu dilsel kullanımlarıyla çocuk, iletişimde aktif olarak rol alır, diyaloga girer, kurgusal anlatılar oluşturur ve doğrudan veya dolaylı yollarla kendini ifade etmeye, hatta kendini gerçekleştirmeye çalışır. Çalışma, erken çocukluk döneminde Türkçe ve Kürtçeyi eşzamanlı olarak edinen bir çocuğun ilk cümlelerinden örnekler sunmakta, bu örneklerin gelişim sürecini yorumlamakta ve çocuğun bu üretici dilsel kullanımlarındaki sıradışı taraflardan hareketle onu anlama imkan ve ciddiyetini sorgulamaktadır. Bu sürecin başta gelen özelliklerinden biri de cümlelerin veya daha alt birimlerin süreç boyunca sürekli bir değişim içinde olması ve günden güne gelişen bir görünüm arz etmesidir. Söz konusu cümlelerle çocuk tarafından neyin kastedildiği ise başlı başına zor bir mesele olup, bu maksat ancak çocuklarla birlikte vakit geçiren ebeveyn veya bakıcılar tarafından daha iyi anlaşılabilir.
AN ANALYSIS OF JURISPRUDENCE ON INHERITANCE ISSUES (SOUTHEAST SAMPLE)
Authors: ASLAN Bedri
Published: September 2022

As is known, equality between men and women was not observed in general during the age of ignorance. The most obvious example of this is that women are not given any share of the inheritance. Islamic Religion ended this false and unjust practice with the verses it revealed Surah Nisa. As in all areas of interest to people, Islamic law also explained how to make a share of the belongings and possessions left behind by the deceased and who will have a share of his/her estate. In the Qur'an, the provisions are generally included as summary. But the provisions on inheritance were contained detailedly not summary. It is clear that this is aimed to prevent conflicts that may arise between people and to ensure justice. Almighty Allah has warned people with many verses in the Qur'an that the estate of the deceased should be shared fairly. Despite all this, unfortunately, in the age in which we live, for some reason, the estate of the deceased is not distributed as prescribed by Islamic law. The victims of this practice are not just women, as is assumed. In addition, there are mother, father, grandfather, grandmother and grandchildren. In this study, the verses and Hadiths about the division of the estate of the deceased in the Qur'an and Sunnah will be included, as well as the form of practice in the century in which we live and the reasons that lead to this practice will be emphasized. In addition, the activities that need to be done to prevent such practices and what measures should be taken in this regard will be examined.
SAKTAH AND ITS PLACE IN THE SCIENCE OF QIRAAT
Authors: DİNÇOĞLU Hafize
Published: September 2022

The word Saktah is used in different meanings in different fields withits dictionary and term meanings. In the basic meaning of Saktah, there is the practice of interrupting speech, singing, tune, reciting, life, and the flow of a functioning organ for a while. The field in which it is famous in term meaning is the science of Qirâat. Saktah means, “to cut the sound for a short time without breathing” during the pronunciation and vocalization of a word or letter in the recitation of the Qur'an. Saktah is applied between two letters in a word as well as between two words. However, there is no consensus among the Qirâat Imams on where and in which situations the saktah is applied.

It is known that Saktah is a phenomenon that is completely related to vocalization and phonetic difference. Reasonable, linguistic and phonetic reasons such as preventing semantic error sand providing a more distinct pronunciation of letters are shown as there as on for the implementation of Saktah. All these determinations bring to the agenda the place of the saktah in the science of Qirâat along with the nature of the saktah. Considering the fact that saktah is not obligatory in practice, and there a son sand evidences of saktah are taken in to account, it becomes difficult to say that saktah is a completely tewkîfî practice. For this reason, the subject of the study is the issue of saktah and its place in the science of Qirâat.
Area Based Diameter Measurement Algorithm for Industrial Machine Vision Applications
Authors: POYRAZ Ahmet Gökhan
Published: September 2022

Measurements of serial production workpieces in the industry are performed by camera-controlled systems thanks to the advantage of speed. The measurement success of camera systems largely depends on the measurement algorithm. In this paper, an area-based diameter measurement algorithm that can be used in industrial machine vision applications is proposed. The success of the proposed method is demonstrated based on the sub-computation metric. In the proposed method, firstly, the noise on the obtained image is cleaned according to the connected component analysis. Then, the inner and outer diameters of the largest component are determined according to the area calculation. In the designed experimental setup, a back lighting illumination has been preferred. According to 3 different positioning types in the field of view of the camera, a total of 40 stamps of 4 types were measured 20 times with 3 different lenses. According to the test results, it has been observed that the position of the part on the field of view greatly affects the repeatability measurements. Also, sub-computation metric (C) is measured 2 in random positioning. This value increases up to 5 in the limited positioning that meets the industrial conditions. Tests have shown that the proposed method can measure the diameters of workpieces with precise tolerances in an industrial setting.
Tarihi Mekânlarda Bitki Varlığı: Diyarbakır Örneği
Authors: TOPRAK Zeynep , YÜCEDAĞ Cengiz
Published: September 2022

Bu çalışmada, Diyarbakır ili Sur ilçesinin 12 cami ve 1 kilisesindeki bitki varlığının tespit edilmesi ve değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, çalışma alanlarındaki bitkiler teşhis edilmiş, dendrolojik özellikleri belirlenmiş, gövde çapları ölçülmüş ve tarihi nitelikli alanda kullanıma uygunlukları değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada toplam 199 ağaç ve çalı belirlenmiştir. Çalışma alanlarında en yaygın karşılaşılan türler doğu çınarı (Platanus orientalis L.) ve ak duttur (Morus alba L.). Ayrıca, tarihi mekânların iyileştirilmesi ve korunması açısından bu tür alanların çevresiyle birlikte korunması konusundaki çalışmaların yetersiz olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Bu anlamda, yanlış kullanılan türler bozkır bitki örtüsü içinde bulunan doğal bitkiler ile değiştirilebilir.