bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
CHARACTERISTICS OF FREE-RADICAL PROCESSES IN THE ORGANISMS OF SOME PREDATORY FISH SPECIES IN DIFFERENT SEASONS OF THE YEAR
Authors: Pudovkin Nikolay Aleksandrovich , Smutnev Peter Vladimirovich
Published: April 2017

The authors of the article have studied the content of the elements of anti-oxidant system (malondialdehyde, catalase, selenium) in tissues of the internal organs (gills, intestine, muscles, liver, swimbladder, scales) in some species of predatory fish (pike Esox lucius (L., 1758), perch Perca fluviatilis (L., 1758), pike-perch Sander lucioperca (L., 1758), catfish Silurus glanis ) widespread in the basin of the Volga river in the Saratov region. The lowest concentration of malondialdehyde in organisms of the studied fish species is observed in fall and winter; the highest - in spring and summer. Catalase activity in gills tissue of a pike raised in 11.8%, cat-fish - 9.1%, pike-perch - 7.5%, perch - 7.8%. In fall (compared to winter) enzyme activity lowering in gonads of pike-perch makes 16.3%, in gonads of perch - 14.4%. In other tissues there were not observed any evident changes of catalase activity. Fish species under consideration are listed according to the average value of selenium concentration in organisms, µg/g: pike (0.208) > catfish (0.207) > pike-perch (0.196) > perch (0.178). According to the average value of the selenium accumulation in the body in different season all the studied species can be placed in the following order, µg/g: winter-pike (0.132) > pike-perch (0.136) > perch and catfish (0.142); spring - pike-perch (0.190) > perch (0.191) > pike (0.208) > catfish (0.209); summer - perch (0.186) > pike-perch (0.190) > catfish and pike (0.203); autumn - perch (0.193) > pike-perch (0.268) > > catfish (0.274) > pike (0.289).
SABREFISH DISTRIBUTION IN NORTHERN CASPIAN AND FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS CONCENTRATIONS DURING THE SUMMER SEASON
Authors: Kolosyuk Gennadij Grigor'evich , Izherskaya Valentina Anatol'evna
Published: April 2017

In this article researchers for the first time have made the attempt to study sabre fish distribution ( Pelecus cultratus (Linnaeus, 1758)) in summer season in the Northern Caspian Sea and to define the influence of different abiotic factors (depth, transparency, salinity of water) on formation and density of the sabre fish species. For this purpose there were used materials of trawl surveys carried out in 2006 and during the period from 2013 to 2014. The data obtained showed that in summer in the Northern Caspian Sea sabre fish concentrations were found only in the shallow water. The sabre fish concentrations were observed in two areas: western area attached to the Volga water flow, and eastern area attached to the Ural water flow. The weight and age structure analysis of the sabre fish from these areas showed the presence of two regionally-isolated populations: the Volgian and the Uralian. The Volgian population is a predominant type, because it covers larger water area, and its density index of the sabre fish concentrations is notably higher. As for the Volgian population, researchers analyzed the relation between the depth, transparency, salinity and temperature of water and formation concentration of the sabre fish. Best conditions for the big sabre fish concentrations in summer season in the Northern Caspian Sea were found in the areas with depth of 3.5-4.0 m; water transparency 0.4-0.6 m; temperature 23.0-24.5°С and salinity less than 4.0‰. The areas with homohalin and anahalin types of salinity are preferred by the fish.
CURRENT STATE OF CASPIAN SEAL POPULATION
Authors: Kuznetsov Vasilii Vladimirovich
Published: April 2017

The work presents Caspian seal study review. The study gives investigation results on the current state of Caspian seal population, as well as advanced techniques of determining the number of offspring and producing females. In February 2012 during reproduction period the instrumental air-accounting survey was carried out on ice-water area in the Northern part of the Caspian Sea. For the first time in the history of the air-accounting investigations of seals in the Caspian Sea scientists used thermovision camera survey IK-scanner "Malakhit-M" which helped specify the number of white-coat seals and greatly improve deciphering methods of the obtained materials. The authors discuss the drawbacks of the earlier air-surveys of the Caspian seals (made before 2012) carried out by a group of researches. The work gives characteristics of nutrient resources of the Caspian Sea and annual food necessity of Caspian seal population. The nutrient base of seals is sound and food stocks tend to grow in the future. The work gives the reasons of decrease of seal catch since 1967; it is associated with the reduction of the fishing effort and re-orientation in winter period by the method of marine fisheries. The article shows that ship route accounting alive and dead species in different parts of the Caspian Sea which was used for ecological monitoring of the population permits to effectively control the changes of seal number, including mass epizootics. In recent years ship-route accounting has shown the stable dynamics of average concentrations of seals in the Northern, Middle and Southern parts of the Caspian Sea. Ship-route accounting presents the up-to-date total number of the seal population.
CHARACTERISTICS AND CHALENGES OF BANK LANDING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM BUSINESSES IN RUSSIA
Authors: Derbeneva Elena Nicolaevna
Published: April 2017

The article defines the role of Bank lending in the development of small and medium businesses. These businesses do not require a large amount of upfront investment; they provide a fast turnover of resources and high growth rates. Such kind of business allows innovating and solving important problems related to the unemployment and the restructuring of the economy. Bank loans and financial subsidies from the state have become the most popular sources of financing for these business entities. The article gives the analysis and assessment of the current state of Bank lending of small and medium businesses in Russia. The benefits of lending in this market segment for commercial banks are obvious. It is a highly profitable type of business that gives a possibility of diversifying the credit portfolio. The article reveals the basic problems of Bank lending in small and medium businesses and the reasons of their emergence. The main problems of decreasing demand at the market are the cost of borrowed funds and the need for collateral. The article presents further landing objectives. Banks need to implement approaches providing a combination of techniques appropriate to both corporate and retail customers, for creation a unified system of quick services for small and medium businesses.
MODERN TRENDS OF STAFF MOTIVATION TO INCREASING LABOR POTENTIAL
Authors: Fursi Ekaterina Arkadevna , Bryantsev Dmitry Vitalyevich
Published: April 2017

This article describes the category of employee labor potential. Employee labor potential is presented as a system of physical and moral qualities of a personwhich determine limits and potential of his or her participation in the labor activity, abilityto achieve results in the certain conditions, to evolve in the labor process. The article presents different systems of encouragement and promotion as a means of development of an employee’s labor potential;determines the role of financial and non-financial incentives in this development; studies the oriental system of incentives (e.g. Japan) and thewestern system of incentives (e.g. the US). System of encouragement based on lifetime employment is accepted in the oriental system, where wages and promotion are appointed with the priority to the aged. In thewestern culture there is adopted a system of incentives through financial rewards (a system of common wage, payment for individual contracts, collective and individual bonuses according to industrial tariff rate) and promotion. Taking into account the Euro-Asian type of mentalitythat traditionally combines the features of both Eastern and Western cultures, there has been proposed an optimization scheme of the incentive system of the employeelabor potential in Russian companies, which includes four maincharacteristics: security and stability, economical welfare, self-realization, recognition in a team. It is expected that introducing stimulation system of the Eurasian type in Russia will largely optimize and stabilize labor efficiency.
FEATURES OF THE AGILE ADAPTIVE MODEL APPLICABLE IN MANAGEMENT
Authors: Akmaeva Raisa Isaevna , Epifanova Nelly Shamilevna , Zhukov Vladimir Mikhailovich
Published: April 2017

The article studies urgent economic processes that occur as a response to changes in the global economy: a decay of authoritarian management, the revival of team spirit, termination of hierarchy when there arise challenging holacratic systems, network organizations, flat structures, and agile methods. New adaptive agile method is becoming more popular in various industries, activities and even in the top management of large companies and government departments. Values, principles, methods, and advantages of agile methods are completely opposite to those adapted in the authoritarian management. In adaptive models employees are pulled out of isolated departments and implemented into composite self-managed and customer-oriented groups, which both encourages profitable growth and helps to educate a new generation of experienced executives. The article specifies the conditions that are most suitable for adaptive models; it lists the principles of adaptive models: "People first, processes and tools follow"; "Respond to changes, don’t stick to the plan"; "Use the working prototypes and deliver product as often as possible, don’t sink in paperwork"; "Cooperation with clients, not a rigid contract”. The article justifies the point when use of adaptive agile methods by Russian managers eliminates their inherent authoritarianism and creates favorable conditions for introducing the innovations in management.
RISK-BASED ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE ENTERPRISE
Authors: Marsunova Ekaterina Valeryevna
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this paper is to develop the procedure of forming a risk-based accounting information system of business entity in order to provide economic security of the enterprise. The article presents a classification of risks; deals with risk assessment procedures in the accounting information system of business entities; reveals main sources of information in the risk-based system of accounting organizations, studies the interactions between the internal control system of the business entity and its risk-oriented accounting system.
PROSES PENDALAMAN INFORMASI BERBASIS INFORMASI AWAL LINE@ BEM FIKOM UNPAD (Studi Fenomenologi Proses Pendalaman Informasi Akademik dan Non Akademik Berbasis Informasi Awal LINE@ BEM Fikom Unpad Oleh Mahasiswa Fikom Unpad)
Authors: Permana Ashri Nooraida , Yusup Pawit M. , Kurniasih Nuning
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study is to disscussed about how students in Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Padjadjaran (FIKOM UNPAD) doing the process of deepening on information in academic and non academic fields based on the first information source, which is LINE@ BEM Fikom Unpad. This research used a qualitative method with phenomenological tradition. The data accumulation was done by in-depth interview, observation, and by literature study. The informants are nine students from various departments in FIKOM UNPAD, who have been accessing LINE@ BEM Fikom Unpad for obtained infor information. The results of this study indicate that all informants doing deepening on the information that received from LINE@ BEM Fikom Unpad to various sources of information, whether it is using technology based communication and information media or discussion with their colleagues.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi bagaimana mahasiswa Fakultas Ilmu Komunikasi Universitas Padjadjaran (FIKOM UNPAD) dalam melakukan proses pendalaman terhadap informasi yang telah mereka peroleh dari sumber informasi awal, yaitu LINE@ BEM Fikom Unpad. Metodologi penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode kualitatif dengan tradisi fenomenologi. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan cara wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan studi pustaka. Informan merupakan sembilan orang mahasiswa dari berbagai jurusan yang ada di Fikom Unpad, yang aktif dalam mengakses LINE@ BEM Fikom Unpad untuk mendapatkan informasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa semua informan melakukan pendalaman atas informasi yang mereka peroleh dari LINE@ BEM Fikom Unpad kepada berbagai sumber informasi lainnya, baik itu dengan menggunakan media berbasis teknologi komunikasi dan informasi maupun dengan melakukan forum diskusi bersama rekan sejawat dikampusnya.
POLA LITERASI VISUAL INFOGRAFER DALAM PEMBUATAN INFORMASI GRAFIS (INFOGRAFIS)
Authors: Miftah Muthiah Nurul , Rizal Edwin , Anwar Rully Khairul
Published: April 2017

The purpose of this study is to find out visual literacy pattern of infographic designers in order to create infographics in House of Infographics (HOI). The scope of this study is the ability of infographic designers in interpreting the visual object and creating infographics. This study is using qualitative case study method. Observation, interview and literature study, with the purposive sampling technique are chosen as the method of data collection. The informants of the research was the designer of infographics in House of Infographics (HOI). The results of the study showed that visual literacy patterns formed in interpreting visual objects in HOI, by reading and understanding the basic concepts of design. In creating infographics,infographic designer has workflows, which are brainstorming activities, information and data collection, content determination, narrative preparation, information visualization design, and infographics publication.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menemukan pola literasi visual infografer dalam pembuatan informasi grafis di House of Infographics (HOI). Ruang lingkup penelitian ini ialah kemampuan desainer infografer dalam menafsirkan objek visual dan menciptakan infografis. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi kasus kualitatif melalui observasi, wawancara dan studi pustaka, dengan teknik purposive sampling dipilih sebagai metode pengumpulan data. Informan penelitian adalah perancang infografis di House of Infografis (HOI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pola literasi visual yang terbentuk dalam menafsirkan objek visual di HOI melalui membaca dan memahami konsep dasar desain. Dalam menciptakan infografis, desainer infographic memiliki alur kerja, yang brainstorming kegiatan, informasi dan pengumpulan data, penentuan konten, persiapan narasi, desain informasi visualisasi, dan publikasi infografis.
Tras las huellas de los jesuitas en las pampas argentinas. La reducción “Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Indios Pampas” (1740-1753)
Authors: Pedrotta Victoria
Published: April 2017

En mayo de 1740 los jesuitas Querini y Strobel fundaron la reducción “Nuestra Señora de la Purísima Concepción de los Indios Pampas”, en la desembocadura del río Salado, en la pampa argentina, iniciando así un ambicioso proyecto evangelizador destinado los grupos indígenas pampeano-patagónicos. A los pocos años, dicha reducción tuvo que trasladarse a un paraje cercano, donde se estableció hasta 1753. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados del análisis de la base documental recabada en el marco de las investigaciones arqueológicas que comenzamos en 1998, centrado en aspectos referidos al entorno geográfico de la reducción, su núcleo de población inicial, edificaciones y trazado, a la vez que se discute la información acerca de la localización actual de los dos asentamientos que consecutivamente la conformaron.
La “gran demora” en la Industria argentina: aproximaciones y perspectivas historiográficas sobre un debate inconcluso
Authors: Salvatto Fabricio
Published: April 2017

Se estudia la noción de “gran demora” en la industria argentina a partir de su origen como problema de la agenda política abierta por Alejandro Bunge, a fines de la década de 1920 y su utilización en algunos enfoques historiográficos a partir de los años 60’. Se muestra que la aceptación o el rechazo de una “gran demora” resultó de los criterios de un “deber ser” del desarrollo industrial reconocible en los discursos políticos, económicos e historiográficos. Tanto Alejandro Bunge como algunos de sus comentaristas de la década del 60’ se vieron cuestionados por estos enfoques que trataron de justificarlo o darle un nuevo fundamento epistemológico.
Ajaran Islam dalam Ayat-Ayat Cinta Karya Habiburrahman El Shirazy
Authors: Nilofar Naila
Published: April 2017

Novel, sebagai bagian dari fiksi, memiliki dua fungsi, yaitu bermanfaat dan menghibur. Habiburrahman El-Shirazy mengekspresikan pandangannya mengenai ajaran Islam melalui novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta (AAC). Dalam novel tersebut, Habiburrahman El-Shirazy menunjukkan pada pembaca bagaimana berhubungan dengan orang lain: muslim atau bukan, orang tua, tamu, dan hubungan antara pria dan wanita. Dia juga menunjukkan ajaran Islam lainnya, seperti pernikahan, etika berpakaian, dan mandi. Dia mengekspresikan pandangannya tentang ajaran Islam berdasarkan Alquran dan Hadis.

Abstract:

Novel as a part of fiction that tells story, has two functions. They are entertainment and esthetics functions. Habiburrahman El-Shirazy expresses his view about Islamic teachings through novel Ayat-Ayat Cinta (AAC). In the novel AAC, Habiburrahman El-Shirazy shows readers how to make relationship with other people: moslems or not, older people, a guest, and a relationship between man and woman. He also shows the readers about other Islamic teachings such as marrital, dressing up and bathing ethics. He expressed his view about Islamic teachings based on Alquran and Hadis.

Keywords: novel, esthetic functions, Islamic teachings
Pelapisan Sosial dan Pernikahan Ideal dalam Mitos Sangkuriang: Telaah Struktural Antropologi Lévi-Strauss
Authors: Wirajaya Asep Yudha
Published: April 2017

Mitos Sangkuriang merupakan mitos yang pesan kearifan tradisinya “gagal” dicerna oleh masyarakat pemiliknya. Mitos ini pada akhirnya hanya mampu menceritakan asal mula

”kelahiran” sebuah gunung dan cekungan Bandung, dan tidak ada hubungannya dengan kehidupan manusia kecuali tentang perjalanan kehidupan seorang anak manusia yang durhaka pada orang tuanya. Tampak bahwa, pesan-pesan mitos ini sedemikian naifnya jika dibandingkan dengan dinamika perjalanan kehidupan yang dijalani oleh manusia Sangkuriang. Karena itulah perlu cara pandang, pemahaman dan penafsiran yang tidak hanya menangkap berbagai fenomena atas peristiwa yang terjadi dalam kehidupan sehari-hari tetapi juga untuk melihat ‘batin sosial’ suatu masyarakat bahkan melihat ke dalam ‘struktur dalam’ (deep structure) suatu masyarakat. Dengan demikian mitos sebagai sebuah ”proses komunikasi” lintas generasi dalam tataran simbolis mampu hadir dan bermakna dalam tatanan yang apik dan rapih sebagai alternatif solusi mengatasi atau memecahkan berbagai kontradiksi empiris yang selama ini tidak terpahami oleh nalar manusia.

Abstract:

Sangkuriang myth represents myth whose message of its tradition wisdom is "fail" to be digested by its owner society. This myth in the end only can narrate provenance "birth" a Bandung hollow and mount, and there no relation with human life except about life journey a disaffected human being child at its old fellow. See that, messages of this myth is naive in such a way in comparison with life journey dynamics experienced by Sangkuriang human being. Therefore, it needs a way of approach, interpretation and understanding which do not only catch various phenomenon to the event that happened in everyday life, but also to see 'social mind' society, even see into 'structure in' (structure deep) society. Thereby myth as a "communications process" passed by quickly generation in symbolic devices can attend and have a meaning of in nice structure and good alternatively solution overcome or solve various empirical contradiction is not comprehended by human being natural existence

Key Words: incest, social veneering, and Sangkuriang
Etnografi Sastra Using: Ruang Negosiasi dan Pertarungan Identitas
Authors: Anoegrajekti Novi
Published: April 2017

Kajian ini menekankan bagaimana komunitas Using memandang, menyikapi, dan mensiasati sastra sebagai ungkapan identitas diri dan persentuhannya dengan kekuatan-kekuatan lain, terutama modernisasi, agama, dan kebijakan negara. Hal ini tampak terlihat pada teks lakon Jinggoan, syair-syair dalam pertunjukan Gandrung, dan basanan wangsalan dalam Warung Bathokan sebagai bentuk resistensi dan representasi identitas Using. Perlawanan terhadap berbagai ancaman, baik yang bersifat fisik maupun pencitraan negatif berulang kali terjadi dalam kesejarahan masyarakat Using. Konsep yang membangun hegemoni adalah budaya dominan (yang sedang berkuasa), budaya residual (unsur budaya yang tersisa dari masa lalu), dan budaya emegrent (unsur budaya yang baru muncul). Dalam analisis etnografis, metode interpretasi dipergunakan untuk mengakses lebih dalam terhadap berbagai domain yang dialamiahkan dan aktivitas karakteristik pelaku budaya yang diteliti.

Abstract:

This study emphasizes on how Using community view, respond, and anticipate literature as an expression of self identity and relation with other forces, especially modernization, religion and state policy. This can be seen on Jinggoan stories, poems, and basanan Gandrung wangsalan in Warung Bathokan as a form of resistance and the representation of Using identity. Resistance against various threats, both physical and negative imagery occur repeatedly in Using history. The concept that builds hegemony is the dominant culture (which is in power), the residual culture (cultural elements remaining from the past) and culture emegrent (newly emerging cultural elements). In the ethnographic analysis, interpretation method is used to access more of the various domains in which characteristics of perpetrators of cultural activities is being investigated.

Key Words: Using literature, resistance, contestation, negotiation, identity
Marginalisasi dan Revitalisasi Parikan di Era Kelisanan Sekunder
Authors: Jupriono D.
Published: April 2017

Sastra lisan parikan termarginalisasikan dari masyarakatnya di Jawa Timur dan Jawa Tengah karena: makin langkanya habitat tempat munculnya parikan (ludruk, tayub, dll.); melimpahnya acara pop di media elektronik TV; punahnya budaya sindiran; tergusurnya lembah lokalisasi; makin berkurangnya jumlah penjual jamu di pasar tradisional dan para pedagang keliling berlayar tancap; lenyapnya budaya cangkrukan/jagongan. Meskipun demikian, ada dua komunitas yang tetap melestarikan parikan, yaitu komunitas pesantren, yang tetap mempertahankan parikan sebagai produk kelisanan primer, dan masyarakat Jawa pedesaan serta komunitas urban etnis Jawa, yang melestarikan parikan sebagai produk kelisanan sekunder dalam kemasan media elektronik. Di antara parikan yang masih tersisa, terdapat parikan pelesetan, yang hanya main-main oleh dagelan ludruk, dan parikan serius, sebagai media iklan resmi layanan masyarakat oleh kepolisian, parpol, perusahaan, dan media massa, serta sebagai kritik sosial terhadap ketimpangan keadaan dan kesewenangan penguasa, juga oleh dagelan ludruk.

Abstract:

Parikan as oral literature is marginalized from its society in East Java and Central Java because the more rarely of habitat it emerges (ludruk, tayub, etc); the abundance of popular programs in TV electronic media; the vanishing satirical culture; the abolition of prostitution locality; the lesser of the amount of herbs seller in traditional market and vendors on layar tancap; the diminishing of the culture of cangkrukan/jagongan. Fortunately, yet there are two communities keeping on conserve parikan, they are pesantren community, which keeps parikan as the product of primary orality, and Javanese villagers and also Javanese urban community who conserve parikan as the product of secondary orality in electonic media packaging. Among the rest of parikan, there are plesetan parikan, merely for jokes which come from ludruk comedians, and serious parikan, as the official advertising media of public service by police department, politic parties, companies, and mass media, also as the social critique by ludruk comedians towards social injustice and despotism of public officers.

Key Words: oral literature; revitalization; secondary orality; social critique; marginalization
Resistensi Perempuan Multikultural dalam Novel Seroja Karya Sunaryono Basuki: Kajian Feminis
Authors: Turaeni Ni Nyoman Tanjung
Published: April 2017

Resistensi perempuan multikultural di Indonesia mengarah kepada bentuk eksistensi perempuan dalam mempertahankan jati diri yang dimiliki meskipun terkekang oleh budaya dan tradisi. Berbagai macam cara dilakukan oleh mereka bertujuan hanya ingin mencapai titik ke- sempurnaan sebagai seorang perempuan yang dihargai kedudukan dan peranannya. Dengan kajian feminis dan metode hermeneutika terungkap bahwa Seroja karya Sunaryono Basuki adalah salah satu dari sekian banyak contoh novel yang menggambarkan perempuan multikultural yang terikat oleh budaya dan tradisi akibat kepercayaan sisa-sisa peradaban leluhur. Hal itu memperlihatkan secara jelas bahwa perempuan tetap menjadi makhluk yang diatur, warga kelas dua/the other (terpinggirkan), dan korban tradisi.

Abstract:

The resistence of multicultural woman in Indonesia leads to the form of women existence in defending their identity from the culture and tradition restraint. They have taken many ways in order to just reach a perfection point as a woman whose position and role are respected. By using feminist study and hermeneutics method, the resistence realization in Indonesia literature shows that Sunaryono Basuki’s Seroja is one of the so many instances of multicultural women bound to culture and tradition resulted from a strong faith to ancestor civilization leftover. Thus, it can be seen that woman are still being controlled creatures, second class citizens/the other (marginalized), and tradition victim.

Key Words: feminism, multicultural, tradition
Sinkretisme dalam Jampi Melayu Deli: Tinjauan Transformasi Budaya
Authors: Syarfina Tengku
Published: April 2017

Mantera, yang pada masyarakat Melayu Deli disebut Jampi, memiliki bahasa yang khas. Tradisi membaca jampi biasanya bertujuan untuk mempermudah pekerjaan dan dibaca ketika akan memulai suatu pekerjaan. Penelitian ini difokuskan pada analisis jampi Melayu Deli yang terdapat pada masyarakat Melayu Deli di Sumatera Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui transformasi budaya yang ada didalam jampi. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah transformasi budaya dan sinkretisme. Dalam penelitian ini data dikumpulkan dengan merekam tuturan jampi yang disampaikan oleh seorang pawang, dan dianalisis dengan pendekatan sinkretisme dan transformasi. Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah bahwa jampi Melayu Deli mendapat pengaruh animisme-dinamisme, Hindu-Budha, dan Islam. Kesemuanya di-transformasikan melalui satu konsep sinkretisme.

Abstract:

Incantation owns a unique language style which is called as Jampi by Deli Malay society. The tradition of reading the incantation is basically aimed at facilitating any working activities. It is read before starting those activities. This study is thoroughly focused on the analysis of Deli Malay’s incantation existing in Deli Malay society around North Sumatera province. The goal of the study is to investigate the cultural transformation available in the incantation itself. Thus, the cultural tradition and syncretism method is applied to accomplish the research. All data gathered in the research are directly recorded from a soothsayer who reads the incantation. Those data are, then, analyzed by implementing syncretism and transformation approach. The conclusion of the study is that the incantation in Deli Malay is greatly influenced by animism-dynamism, Hindu-Budha, and Islamic traditions. Those influences are transformed through a syncretism concept.

Key Words: syncretism; jampi; cultural transformation
Inisiasi dalam Kisah Perjalanan Model Jawa
Authors: Prabowo Dhanu Priyo
Published: April 2017

Tulisan ini bertujuan mengungkap inisiasi dalam kisah perjalanan model Ja- wa. Sebagai karya fiksi, kisah perjalanan model Jawa memendam dan menyiratkan tan- da-tanda yang berupa simbol-simbol yang harus diungkapkan kerumitan-kerumitan ni- lainya. Penelitian ini menggunakan teori semiotika. Teori semiotika menempatkan kar- ya sastra sebagai sistem tanda. Adapun metode yang dipergunakan adalah metode kuali- tatif. Data penelitian dikumpulkan melalui teknik studi pustaka. Dari hasil analisis dapat diungkapkan bahwa inisiasi dalam kisah perjalanan model Jawa dilakukan oleh tokoh cerita demi tujuan-tujuan tertentu yang berkaitan dengan pendewasaan dan pe- nyempurnaan diri selama hidup di dunia. Karya sastra Jawa genre kisah perjalanan mo- del Jawa ini mampu mentransformasikan budaya sastra Jawa yang lebih tua.

Abstract:

This paper aims to reveal initiation in Javanese model of travel writing. As fictional work, the travel writing in Javanese model contains and reflects signs in symbols that have to be revealed their detail values. The research was conducted using semiotics theory. The theory posits literary work as a sign symbol. The method conducted in this research was qualitative. The result shows that initiation in Javanese travel writing is conducted by those characters to perfect themself in living in the world. Javanese literary works in travel writing genre in Javanese model are able to transform older Javanese literary culture.

Key Words: literature; transformation; initiations; educative; religious
Telaah Intertekstual Terhadap Sajak-Sajak Tentang Nabi Ayub
Authors: Santosa Puji
Published: April 2017

Makalah ini menelaah secara intertekstual enam sajak Indonesia modern yang berisi tentang Nabi Ayub, yaitu “Tafsir Ayub Sang Nabi” (Motinggo Busye), ”Balada Nabi Ayub”(Taufiq Ismail), “Ini Terjadi Ketika Matahari Menggapai Sia-Sia” (Darmanto Jatman),

”Doa Ayub”(Abdul Hadi W.M.), serta “Duka Ayub” dan “Ayubkan Kesabaran” (Emha Ainun Nadjib). Berdasarkan prinsip intertektual, keenam sajak Indonesia modern tersebut ditelaah dengan cara membandingkan, menjajarkan, dan mengontraskan teks transformasi dengan teks lain yang diacunya. Hasil telaah itu membuktikan bahwa keenam sajak tersebut merupakan mosaik, kutipan-kutipan, penyerapan, dan transformasi teks-teks kisah Nabi Ayub yang terdapat dalam Alkitab, Alquran, Cerita-cerita Alkitab Perjanjian Lama, dan Qishashul Anbiya. Dengan cara membandingkan, menjajarkan, dan mengontraskan diperoleh makna bahwa kelima penyair sastra Indonesia tersebut secara kreatif estetis mentransformasikan kisah Nabi Ayub ke dalam ciptaan karya sajak yang bernilai sebagai teladan kesabaran dan ketabahan ketika menghadapi berbagai cobaan hidup yang dideritanya.

Abstract:

This paper intertextually examines six modern Indonesian poetries which contain about the Prophet Job, namely “Tafsir Ayub Sang Nabi” (Motinggo Busye), “Balada Nabi Ayub” (Taufiq Ismail), “Ini Terjadi Ketika Matahari Menggapai Sia-Sia” (Darmanto Jatman), “Doa Ayub” (Abdul Hadi W.M.), “Duka Ayub” (Emha Ainun Nadjib), and “Ayubkan Kesabaran” (Emha Ainun Nadjib). Based on the principle of intertextuality, the six modern Indonesian poetries are reviewed by comparing, aligning, and contrasting the transformation of a text with other texts to which it refers. The result proves that the six texts of modern Indonesian poetry are mosaic, quotations, absorptions, and transformation of texts contained the story of Prophet Job in the Bible, the Quran, Bible Stories Old Testament, and Qishashul Anbiya. By the way of comparison, alignment, and contrast, the analysis obtained the meaning that the five Indonesian poets creatively transformed the story of “Kisah Nabi Ayub” into the creation of poetries which are valuable as a paragon of patience and fortitude in the face of various trials of life suffered.

Key Words: intertextual; mosaics; quotes; absorption; transformation
Transformasi Teks Dari Pancatantra India Ke Tantri Kamandaka Jawa Kuno: Telaah Sastra Bandingan
Authors: Andayani Ambar
Published: April 2017

Motif cerita Tantri Kamandaka Jawa Kuno memiliki banyak kesamaan dengan Pancatantra India. Akan tetapi, jenis transformasi teks dari Pancatantra ke Tantri menunjukkan perubahan, baik ekserp, modifikasi, maupun ekspansi. Perbandingan warna lokal keduanya menunjukkan perbedaan. Pancatantra dicoraki ajaran Hindu dan Budha, sedangkan Tantri Kamandaka lebih diwarnai Hindu-Shiwa dan Tantrisme. Pancatantra lebih memuliakan Dewi Laksmi (ćakti Wishnu), sedangkan Tantri Kamandaka lebih mensakralkan Batari Uma (ćakti Shiwa). Pancatantra lebih menekankan pesan moral Karmaphala Hindu (perbuatan baik menghasilkan kebaikan, perbuatan buruk menghasilkan keburukan), sedangkan Tantri Kamandaka lebih menekankan Karma Budha (nilai suatu perbuatan bergantung pada niat pelakunya). Pancatantra mengajarkan Dharma Hindu bahwa tiap manusia mempunyai hak dan kewajiban sesuai dengan status kasta, sedangkan Tantri Kamandaka mengajarkan Kaladesa bahwa setiap tindakan harus menyesuaikan kondisi tempat dan waktu (empan papan).

Abstract:

The motifs of Old Javanese Tantri Kamandaka and Indian Pancatantra stories have so much in common. The texts of Pancatantra and Tantri Kamandaka however show types of transformation: excerpt, modification and expansion. The comparison of local color from both of them indicates differences. Pancatantra contains the lessons of Hindu and Buddha, while Tantri Kamandaka is colored more with Hindu-Siva and Tantrism. Dewi Laksmi is more respected in Pancatantra and Batari Uma (ćakti Shiwa) is more sacred in Tantri Kamandaka. Pancatantra more emphasizes on the moral value of Hindu Karmaphala (good deed results good, bad deed results bad), while Tantri Kamandaka more emphasizes on Buddha Karma (the value od deed depends on the will of the doer). Pancatantra educates Hindu Dharma that every human has right and duty depends on his caste status, and Tantri Kamandaka teaches Kaladesa that every conduct has to adapt with condition of the place and time (empan papan).

Key Words: comparative literature, story motif, textual transformation, Tantrism, Kaladesa
Representasi Ketidakadilan Gender Dalam Cerita Dari Blora Karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer: Kajian Feminisme
Authors: Hayati Yenni
Published: April 2017

Ketidakadilan gender yang dialami oleh perempuan tergambar dalam karya sastra, tidak saja yang dikarang oleh perempuan, tetapi juga karya sastra yang dikarang oleh pengarang laki­laki. Dalam Cerita dari Blora karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer, ketidakadilan gender itu sangat terlihat yang meliputi; marginalisasi, subordinasi, stereotip, dan kekerasan. Dalam Cerita dari Blora karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer, ketidakadilan gender berupa beban kerja ganda tidak ditemukan. Hal ini disebabkan oleh belum banyaknya kaum perempuan yang berkiprah di dunia publik pada masa cerita ini dibuat, artinya belum banyak perempuan yang mempunyai pendidikan yang memadai sehingga layak dipekerjakan di luar rumah tangga. Oleh karena itu, tidak ada perempuan yang digambarkan memegang peran ganda, baik sebagai ibu rumah tangga maupun sebagai pekerja (wanita karier).

Abstract:

Gender inequality experienced by women is reflected in literary works, not only those written by women writer but also those written by men writer. In Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Cerita Dari Blora, gender inequalities are very clearly seen; those are marginalization, subordination, stereotype, and cruelty. However, double­working load is not found in this novel. It means that only few women working in the public world when this story was made. Also, those who were educated women were still rare so that they just hold the role of housekeeper. Therefore, there is no woman holding double role both as a housewife and a career woman.

Key Words: gender inequality, marginalization, subordination, stereotype, cruelty
Bercerita Tanpa Menggurui: Gaya Bahasa Dalam Buku Cerita Anak Untuk Membangun Karakter
Authors: Soelistyarini Titien D. , Setyaningsih Retno W.
Published: April 2017

Sebagai bagian dari penelitian “Pembangunan Karakter Nasional (National Character Building) Melalui Karya Sastra Anak”, makalah ini mengetengahkan bahasan tentang gaya bahasa yang digunakan dalam buku cerita anak untuk menyampaikan misi pembangun karakter anak. Dengan sampel buku cerita anak yang diambil secara acak dan menggunakan teori Gorys Keraf tentang katagori gaya bahasa, kajian pustaka yang dilakukan menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa penulisan buku cerita anak cenderung menggunakan gaya bahasa penegasan. Gaya bahasa ini cenderung menyebutkan dengan jelas maksud tujuan cerita dan kurang memberi ruang pada imajinasi pembaca. Konsekuensi paling signifikan adalah cerita menjadi kurang berkesan dan sulit untuk menarik pembaca anak sehingga nilai yang ingin ditanamkan kurang tercapai.

Abstract:

As a part of the research “National Character Building through Children’s Literature”, this paper is aimed at elaborating the language style applied in storybooks in order to convey the message of character building. With samples of of storybooks randomly chosen and by using Gorys Keraf’s theory of language style , this textual study concludes that many storybooks tends to use didactic language style. This style is inclined to clearly state the mission of the story. Therefore, it does not provide ample space for readers’ imagination. Eventually, the story fails to attract the readers’ attention so that the values offered may be futile.

Key Words: national character, stylistics, language style, children storybooks, moral values
Pemikiran Pengarang Peranakan Tionghoa di Surabaya dan Malang Periode 1870-1942
Authors: Susanto Dwi , Muslifah Siti
Published: April 2017

Penelitian ini bertujuan menemukan pemikiran yang dominan dalam kesusastraan peranakan pada periode 1870-1942 di Surabaya dan Malang dan memberikan uraian mengenai sebab perubahan tersebut. Penelitian ini berjenis penelitian kualitatif dengan teknik analisis data sesuai dengan prosedur dalam ranah teori sejarah intelektual sebagaimana sastra adalah produk sosial. Pemikiran yang berkembang dalam periode tersebut terbagi dalam tiga bagian. Pemikiran pertama adalah pemikiran yang bersifat konservatif yang dicirikan dengan kembali pada ajaran Khonghucu (1870-1910). Pemikiran ini diwakili oleh Oei Soei Tiong, Ang Siong Tiauw, Tan Khing Tian, dan Tjap Goan Thay. Pemikiran kedua adalah pemikiran yang mempertanyakan gerakan ka um konservatif sehingga terjebak pada keraguan antara menuju moderat dan konservatif (1911-1920). Pemikiran ini diwakili oleh figur Liem Sim Djiwie. Pemikiran ketiga adalah pemikiran yang bersifat moderat dan adaptif, yakni menerima unsur lokalitas sebagai bagian dari identitas Tionghoa, tetapi menolak unsur Barat. Pemikiran ini diwakili Liem Khing Hoo dan Njoo Cheong Seng (1921-1935-­‐an). Sementara itu, Ong Pik Lok menempati struktur eskapisme modern. Ke lompok ini tidak mempersoalkan pilihan identitas, melakukan pelarian dari dunia realitas, dan menjadi korban materialisme dan individualisme (1935-1942).

Abstract: The paper aims to find the dominant thoughts in Indonesian Chinese literature and to describe the impact and cause of this changes in the 1870-1942 period. The paper uses qualita tive method research based on the sociological literature, collaborated especially with the intellectual history studies. The thoughts in 1870-1942 can be divided into three. The first is conservatism. As a mainstream in early periods, it characterized the movement of Chinese traditional culture or custom of Confucianism (1870-1910). The actors in this period were Oei Soei Tiong, Ang Siong Tiauw, Tan Khing Tian, and Tjap Goan Thay. Second, in the period of 1911-1920, the Indonesian Chinese literature was dominated by questions of values between conservatism and moderate. The dominant figures in this period was Liem Sim Djiwie. Third, in the Indonesian Chinese literature in the period of 1921-1935, the thought was moderate and adaptive, accepting the locality as the part of Indonesian Chinese identity but rejecting Western substances. The representatives of this pe riode were Liem Khing Hoo dan Njoo Cheong Seng (1921-1935s). Meanwhile, Ong Pik Lok was placed in the escapism modern structure. This community did not have any problem with the Indonesian Chinese identity or culture. It escaped from the reality and become victims of materialism and individualism (1935-1942).

Key Words: Chinese peranakan literature; the dominant thinking
Arok Dedes dan Pararaton: Transformasi Dan Dinamika Sastra dalam Wacana Globalisasi Sastra
Authors: Dewi Trisna Kumala Satya
Published: April 2017

Arok Dedes karya Pramoedya Ananta Toer (1999) merupakan sebuah potret dinamika sastra sebagai akibat transformasinya dari karya terdahulu, yaitu Pararaton karya sastra Jawa Kuna yang termashur. Novel Arok Dedes, dalam hal relevansinya dengan konteks sejarah pun, merupakan suatu gejala sastra yang dinamis sebab dinamika sastra tidak terlepas dari sejarah. Dalam novel Arok Dedes, lewat kepiawaian dan proses kreatifnya, Pramoedya Ananta Toer berusaha mengungkapkan kembali peristiwa pada abad ke-13 sebagai sebuah sindiran untuk peristiwa masa kini, khususnya pada abad 20-an. Arok Dedes mengisahkan perebutan kekuasaan pertama dalam sejarah bangsa Indonesia, yang konon merupakan pengulangan peristiwa masa lalu. Pramoedya Ananta Toer sebagai pengarang Arok Dedes cukup berhasil dalam mengangkat ’mitos’ Dedes dan mengungkapkannya dalam wacana globalisasi. Peran Dedes cukup menonjol dalam percaturan politik, kekuasaan, dan negara sebab Dedeslah penyusun strategi pemindahan kekuasaan dari suaminya (Tunggul Ametung) ke tangan Arok. Mitos tentang Ken Dedes yang memiliki kharisma ’kebesaran’ atau ’prabawa’ (kewibawaan) yang digali oleh Pramoedya Ananta Toer dari Pararaton ini menjadikan Arok Dedes sebagai karya sastra modern yang patut disimak, khususnya dalam wacana globalisasi sekarang ini. Dedes, sebagai sosok perempuan, berkaitan dengan kekuasaan, politik, dan kenegaraan.

Abstract:

Pramoedya Ananta Toer’s Arok Dedes (1999) is a portrait of literary dynamics as the result of its transformation from the previous work, namely Pararatonan outstanding literary work of old Java. The novel of Arok Dedes, in its relevance with historical context, means a dynamic literary phenomenon because the literary dynamics cannot be separated from history. In the novel Arok Dedes, through his creative sophistication and process, Pramoedya Ananta Tour attempted to retell the 13th century of the event as a satire on present events, especially in the 20th century. Arok Dedes narrated the struggle for the first power in Indonesian history, which is a repetition of preceding events. Pramoedya Ananta Tour, as the author of Arok Dedes, was successful enough in presenting Dedes’ myth and expressing it in globalization discourses. The role of Dedes was noteworthy in the political domain, power, and state because Dedes was the mastermind of power transfer from her husband (Tunggul Ametung) to Arok. The myth of Ken Dedes having prestige or wisdom dug by Pramoedya Ananta Tour from Pararaton makes Arok Dedes a significant modern literary work, particularly in the current globalization discourses. Dedes, as woman figure, was related to power, politics, and state.

Key Words: transformation, discourse, globalization
Dimensi Alam Kehidupan dan Manunggaling Kawula­Gusti dalam Serat Jatimurti
Authors: Asmara Andi
Published: April 2017

Artikel ini bertujuan memahami dimensi alam kehidupan dan proses pencapaian manunggaling kawula­Gusti menurut Serat Jatimurti. Terpahaminya dimensi alam kehidupan tersebut diharapkan mampu menuntun pelaku mistik kejawen mencapai tujuan mistiknya. Puncak laku mistik orang kejawen adalah manunggaling kawul ­Gusti. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode analisis wacana dan interprestasi. Teori yang dmanfaatkan ialah teori pragmatik. Teori pragmatik diterapkan karena berkait erat dengan manfaat karya sastra bagi pembaca dan masyarakat. Hasil pengkajian ini adalah terungkapnya berbagai dimensi alam kehidupan dan makna manunggaling kawula­ Gusti, yaitu menyatunya gesang sejati atau urip sejati dengan Kang Maha Gesang atau Kang Maha Urip, Tuhan Yang Maha Esa.

Abstract:

The aim of this article is to comprehend the dimension of natural life and the achievement process of manunggaling kawula Gusti ‘the unity of human soul and God’ according to Serat Jatimurti. It is expected that comprehending the natural life dimensions can lead the performer of mystic of kejawen to get his mystical goal. The ultimate mystical goal of the kejawen people is manunggaling kawula Gusti. The data was analyzed by using discourse analysis and interpretation method. The pragmatic theory was applied because it was closely related with the benefit of the literary works for the reader and the society. This study has found various dimensions of natural life and the meaning of manunggaling kawula Gusti, which is the unity of true gesang or true urip ‘life’ with God, Kang Maha Gesang or Kang Maha Urip ‘the eternal’.

Key Words: natural life dimension, manunggaling kawula­Gusti, Serat Jatimurti
Sastra Lokal dan Industri Kreatif: Revitalisasi Sastra dan Budaya Using
Authors: Anoegrajekti Novi
Published: April 2017

Pemerintah mencanangkan tahun 2009 sebagai Tahun Industri Kreatif. Seni pertunjukan, termasuk tradisi lisan yang ada di dalam pertunjukan menjadi salah satu prioritas yang akan dikembangkan agar bisa meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat pendukungnya. Tujuan tersebut representatif karena masyarakat Indonesia memiliki beragam seni pertunjukan dan sastra lokal yang apabila dikelola dengan baik bisa menjadi penopang munculnya ekonomi kreatif. Banyuwangi, misalnya, memiliki beragam seni pertunjukan dan tradisi lisan, seperti syair­ syair gandrung, lagu­lagu dalam pertunjukan angklung, cerita rakyat jinggoan, dan tradisi wangsalan dan basanan. Sampai saat ini, dinas terkait di Banyuwangi belum dapat membuat kebijakan yang mampu mendukung terciptanya pola pikir, sistem, dan praktik industri kreatif berbasis lokalitas dan tetap mengedepankan karakteristik nilai­nilai kultural yang ada. Untuk itu, tulisan ini bertujuan mengembangkan model industri kreatif berbasis sastra lokal dan budaya Using. Dengan metode etnografis dan analisis yang menggunakan pendekatan cultural studies, model tersebut diharapkan mampu mengembangkan industri kreatif di wilayah lokal.

Abstract:

The Indonesian government announced the year of 2009 as the Creative Industry Year. Performing art, including oral tradition existing in performance, has become a priority which will be developed to improve the prosperity of its supporting community. This goal is representative because Indonesian people have various performing arts and local literature which, if well managed, will support the creative economy. Banyuwangi, for instance, has various performing arts and oral tradition, such as gandrung poems, songs in angklung performance, jinggoan folklores, and traditions of wangsalan and basanan. To date, the relevant services of Banyuwangi government have not been able to make policies able to support the creation of creative industry pattern of thinking, system, and practice which are locally based and keep on proposing the characteristics of existing cultural values. Therefore, this article is aimed at developing a creative industry model based on Using local literature and culture. By using ethnography method and cultural studies approach, the model is expected to be able to develop the creative industry in the local area.

Key Words: local literature; Using culture; creative industry; revitalization