bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Producing Lightweight Aggregates by Incorporating Waste LCD Glass with Reservoir Sediments
Authors: Tang Chao Wei , Wang Shun Yuan , Cheng Chiu Kuei , Huang Chung Ho
Published: December 2012

This paper reports the application of Taguchi optimization technique in determining process condition for synthetic lightweight aggregates by incorporating waste liquid crystal displays (LCD) glass with reservoir sediments. In the study the waste LCD glass cullet was used as an additive. It was incorporated with reservoir sediments to produce lightweight aggregates. Taguchi method with an L16(45) orthogonal array and five controllable 4-level factors (i.e., cullet content, preheat temperature, preheat time, sintering temperature, and sintering time) was adopted. Then, in order to optimize the selected parameters, the analysis of variance method was used to explore the effects of the experimental factors on the performances (particle density and water absorption) of the produced lightweight aggregates. The results showed that it is possible to produce high performance lightweight aggregates by incorporating waste LCD glass cullet with reservoir sediments.
Hydrogen-Rich Gas Production from Microwave Pyrolysis of Sewage Sludge at High Temperature
Authors: Deng Wen Yi , Wang Xiao Lei , Yu Wei Chao , Su Ya Xin
Published: December 2012

Microwave pyrolysis of sewage sludge was conducted in a single-mode microwave oven. The influencing effects of experimental factors, including particle size and moisture content of sewage sludge, pyrolysis temperature, and shape of microwave adsorber, on concentration of pyrolysis gas products were studied. The results indicated that with the decrease of particle size, the H2 concentration increased from 31 vol.% to 34 vol.%, and CO concentration increased from 17 vol.% to 22 vol.%. When the moisture content of sewage sludge increased from 0 to 83 wt.%, the H2 concentration increased from 32 vol.% to 42 vol.%, and the CO concentration increased from 20 vol.% to 31 vol.%. Compared with microwave adsorber in powder phase, the microwave adsorber in fixed structure can transform more volatile compounds to uncondensable gas, and the concentrations of H2 and CO were also slightly increased.
Analysis and Countermeasure to the Present Status of End-of-Life Vehicles Recycling and Disassembling in Jiangsu Province
Authors: Zuo Fu Shan , Fei Xiao Tao , Min Yong Jun , Qiu Zheng Xiang , Wan Mao Song
Published: December 2012

As the enhancement of the economic level in our country, the quantity of motor vehicles and the end-of-life vehicles grows fast. The recycling of the end-of-life vehicle is the basic element for the sustainable development in automobile industry. At the same time, the disassembling of the end-of-life vehicle is an important link in the development of the automobile recycle economy and also an important mean to the resource recycling. So, a scientific and rational management system in vehicle disassembling can have a positive effect in building a resource conservation and environment friendly society. At present, many problems in motor vehicle recycling and disassembling have already restricted the development of the industry. Through the investigation of the present status of the end-of-life vehicle recycling and disassembling enterprise in Jiangsu province, the reason of those problems is analyzed, the method to solve those problems is discussed and put forward, and a new management system in motor vehicle recycling and disassembling is built. The research can provide instruction meaning and reference value to all the end-of-life vehicle recycling and disassembling enterprises.
Fabrication of Biphasic Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics from the Recycling of Bone Ash
Authors: Lee Nan Hee , Hwang Kyu Hong , Lee Jong Kook
Published: December 2012

Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics were fabricated from the recycling of bone ash which is mostly used as raw materials of bone china. Precursor calcium phosphate powders were prepared by soaking the commercial bone ash in 0.1 M of NaOH solution at 80°C for 4 h. Calcium phosphate powders was obtained by calcination at 800°C for 1 h to completely remove residual organics. Biphasic calcium phosphate bioceramics which is composed of hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate was fabricated by the sintering of pressed compacts at 1200°C for 1 h under moisture protection. The bone ash derived-biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics consists of mostly HA and small amounts of α-tricalcium phosphate, magnesium oxide and calcium oxide. After polishing the HA ceramics, they were immersed in buffered water at 37°C for 3 and 7 days. The bone ash derived- biphasic calcium phosphate ceramics show high biostability in liquid environment with immersion time compared with commercial calcium phosphate ceramics.
The Improvement of Thermotolerance in Tall Fescue and Perennial Ryegrass Pretreated with Exogenous H2O2
Authors: Zhang Jie , Wang Yan , Yang Hong Fei , Li Jian Long
Published: December 2012

The effect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) of low concentration on thermotolerance of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea cv. Barlexas) and perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne cv. Accent) was studied following a foliar pretreatment with 10 mM H2O2. Turfgrass quality, relative water content (RWC), oxidative damage were measured in both cool-season turfgrass cultivars under heat stress (38/30 °C, day/night) and control normal temperature (26/15 °C, day/night). Pre-treated plants of two cultivars showed the lower MDA and H2O2 levels and the higher turfgrass quality and RWC under heat stress. Our results demonstrated that exogenous H2O2 of the low concentration improved the thermotolerance of tall fescue and perennial ryegrass by inducing the antioxidative enzyme activities and alleviating the oxidative damage.
Research on the Effect of Coagulation on Decolorization and Degradation of Red Dye Wastewater
Authors: Tian Yu Ping , Chen Shen Pan
Published: December 2012

The simulated dye wastewater of direct fast scarlet was disposed of by the coagulant of FeSO4. The effects of reaction time, the original pH value, coagulant dosages and temperature were discussed. The results showed that, at room temperature, the original pH was 7.9, the FeSO4 dosage was 1.2 g / L, then after stirring for 15mins, the coagulation effect was the most obvious, and the removal rate of chroma achieved 95.3%.
The Forecast of Mine Water Quantities in Qiupigou Mine Based on BP Algorithm
Authors: Wang Lin , Ma Zhong Qiang , Zhu Jing Hai
Published: December 2012

BP algorithm was used to forecast the mine water quantity of Qiupigou coal mine as instance. The influencing factors for the mine water quantity were analyzed first. Based on the historical data, mining age, mining depth, rainfall of the year and rainfall in the last year affected the mine water quantity of Qipigou. The network model of mine water including three layers was established. Input layer includes four neurons, middle layer is six and output layer is one. The network model is trained by historical data from 1988 to 2007. The training make the network model get acquainted the realistic relationship between the influencing factors and mine water quantity. The forecast results show that the error of the network is under 8%, the minimum value of mine water quantities from 2011 to 2025 in Qiupigou mine is 704m3/h and the maximum value is 860m3/h.
The Design and Implementation of Drainage-Basin Extraction
Authors: Su Dan Dan , Gao Guang Da , Fan Ji Zhang , Liu Guang Sheng , Guan Chuan Tao
Published: December 2012

The flow model was improved on, and the two kinds of circumstances were discussed. When the current flow point is on the borders, the flow direction is remained if the water doesn’t flow along the borders. When the current flow point is not next to the blank spots in two adjacent directions, the flow direction is remained. And then, I designed the algorithm of the follow-up processing steps to extract drainage-basin, such as process depression, the determination of river, river classification, partition side-area, search drainage- basin border, smooth river and smooth drainage-basin border. Finally, I solved the problems about the around-flows and the cross-flows. The input data contains the terrain elevation of the grid data, and the output data is MAPGIS open data.
Study on Settling Velocity of Sediment Particle Cloud in the Water
Authors: Gu Jie , Ma Dan Qing , Chen Wei , Qin Xin , Wang Xiao Li , Yang Ji Zhong
Published: December 2012

Based on the experimental data of sediment particle cloud during the settlement process in the water and combined with the existing sediment settling velocity formulae, a formula for calculation of the settling velocity of sediment particle cloud is proposed. It is verified by using experimentally measured settling velocity data of sediment particle cloud, the results show that the computed values using the formula agree well with the experimental values.
The Research on the Mechanism of Sodium Hypochlorite Reducing Organic Matter in Boiler Makeup Water
Authors: Lu Guo Hua , Wang Lei Jing , Su Wei , Lu Hai Wei , Zhu Zhi Ping
Published: December 2012

The mechanism of sodium hypochlorite reducing organic matter in boiler makeup water is disscussed. To remove organic matter, sodium hypochlorite sterilizes the boiler makeup water through its strong oxidbillity and oxidates small unsaturated molecules directly and improves the surface properties of macromolecule organic matter. Besides, the organic content in boiler makeup water can be reduced through the synergistic effect that happens between NaClO and Fe2+ when the water contains Fe2+
Hydraulic Behaviors of Settling Tanks under Two Kinds of Configurations
Authors: Dong Jin Feng , Zhang Yue , Zhang Wei Yu
Published: December 2012

An object function of hydraulic efficiency for settling tank is presented in this paper. In order to have a more efficient sedimentation tank, a new settling tank with optimum baffle and inlet configuration is presented. The hydraulic behaviors of two settling tanks with different configurations were simulated using FLUENT. The results indicated that choosing appropriate configuration of settling tank can improve the hydraulic efficiency.
Study on Noise Generation in a High Speed Centrifugal Fan
Authors: Paramasivam Kishokanna , Wira Jazair Yahya , Rajoo Srithar
Published: December 2012

This study presents the investigation of aerodynamics and aeroacoustics of centrifugal fan using commercial computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code. The unsteady turbulent flow of the fan is simulated with Detached Eddy Simulation (DES) and the acoustics sources are computed based on the pressure fluctuations. The Ffowcs Williams and Hawking model is used to predict the tonal noises in aeroacoustics simulation.
Research on Vibration Damper Installation Location of 1000mm2 Large Section Conductor
Authors: Qi Yi , Rui Xiao Ming , Zhu Kuan Jun , Liu Sheng Chun
Published: December 2012

Through analysis of the vibration characteristics of 1000mm2 Large Section Conductor and test on the Anti-vibration effect of the vibration damper, a kind of method to determine the installation location of the vibration damper for 1000mm2 large Section Conductor by Simulation test is put forward. Compared with the conventional method, the protected span of the damper which installation location is determined by the new method is larger. This method will have guiding significance for the anti-vibration of the large section conductor.
The Research of Airport Noise Prediction
Authors: Pan Wei Jun , Zheng Yuan Yuan , Feng Yu Hua
Published: December 2012

Airport noise is noise pollution produced by any aircraft or its components, during various phases of a flight,especially the landing phases. This paper study the airport noise prediction model basing on WECPNL(Weighted Equivalent Continuous Perceive Noise Level) recommended by ICAO as a index. With the measurement data,which is properly distribute to the final of active runway and centerline, a brief summary of WECPNL-based prediction model from touchdown to runway centerline is established. However, the results showed a discrepancy of certain points was between prediction and measurement data, especially 1.5-2.5km away from the airport. Therefore, an amendment was proposed with greater accuracy, which the relative of the new model for future prediction ranged from 1.0% to 2.0%. To some extent, this model also can reflect and make full use of the limited data with a high accuracy, especially suit for monitoring rapidly in some new small airports.
Simulation and Adjustment of the Potential of Cleaner Production Based on System Dynamics in Liao River Basin
Authors: Xie Ming Hui , Qiao Qi , Sun Qi Hong , Bai Lu
Published: December 2012

By the methods of system dynamics, a model prediction of the potential of cleaner production (PCP) in Liao River Basin was constructed, and the dynamic trend of PCP in Liao River Basin was simulated by using this model. It was predicted that under the conditions of maintaining present development schemes, the CPC in Liao River Basin in 2000-2020 would be increased year by year. The result showed that selected 2007 as the base year, with the cleaner production, the emission of COD and NH3-N would be reduced 10.7% and 13.6% respectively in 2010. The emissions of these would be reduced 26.6% and 35.0% in 2015, 40.5% and 54.6% in 2020. Cleaner production had obvious effect on water saving and emission reduction in Liao River Basin.
Study on the Method for Cleaning the Filter Bags Used in Baghouse
Authors: Li Dong Mei , Guo Yang , Chang Da Zhi , Li Yuan , Xing He
Published: December 2012

In this paper, we have reported a method for cleaning the filter bags used in the baghouse. Three filter bag samples were cleaned by compressed air with the pressure of 0.6MPa, a dust extractor, and then washed with three kinds of detergents. After washing, the filter bag samples show good permeability, and the concentration of corrosive ions on the surface are much lower. “A” is the most effective detergent for this filter bag.
Practice of E-P Analysis on Cleaner Production in a Beer Factory
Authors: Yang Zuo Yi , Luo Hai En , Xu Yan Bin , Du Qing Ping , Li Lei
Published: December 2012

E-P analysis technology was used in this article to accurately discuss the energy-saving effects of scale enlarging and the cleaner production in a beer factory. Electricity and water consumption were compared in two manufacture phases of the brewery; and the unit consumptions of electricity and fresh water showed that the projects of enlarging and cleaner production has brought efficiency and benefits for the factory.
Analysis on the Emergency-Type Groundwater Source Fields of Qujing City in Yunnan
Authors: Zhang Xiao Ling , Li Feng , Liu Hong Zhan
Published: December 2012

Water resources in Qujing urban areas mainly come from the meteoric water．Its natural recharge capacity is limited and the surface drainages have been severely polluted．In general, the amount of the water resources can satisfy the needs of the social development, but its water quality becomes worse and the vulnerability of water supply-security is high．Considering the factors of groundwater recharge capacity, protective layer, water quality, groundwater vulnerability, environmental engineering geologic problems and others, it is concluded that karst groundwater in the eastern margin of Qujing basin is a good water source for emergency. The water-rich blocks such as Jiancaoba and Yuezhou with pressure resistance, rich groundwater recharge capacity, large depth, low groundwater vulnerability, class two water quality, convenience of mining conditions, and not easy to lead to collapse environment engineering geological problems, may become the emergency-type groundwater source fields．
Rainfall Interception by Swamp Meadow and Alpine Meadow and its Seasonal Distribution Pattern on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China
Authors: Li Chun Jie , Wang Gen Xu , Mao Tian Xu
Published: December 2012

In order to investigate to quantify losses by Alpine vegetation in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, typical Swamp meadow and Alpine meadow were investigated in the growth period. The intercepting rainfall of Swamp meadow and Alpine meadow were studied by using water balance method and ANOVA statistical analysis method. The experimental results indicate that: under different coverage of Swamp meadow and Alpine meadow, rainfall interception in the growing period (June-September) both show an increasing trend. And, both the maximum rainfall interception and maximum interception rate emerge in September under different vegetation cover of Swamp meadow and Alpine meadow. However, With vegetation degeneration, interception quantity and interception rate of Swamp meadows and Alpine meadows both show decreasd trends. Interception amount and interception rate show decreased tend along with the degradation of Swamp meadow and Alpine meadow, which indicate that the degradation of meadow is unfavorable for Swamp meadow and Alpine meadow to prevent the rain landing the earth directly.
Simultaneous Determination of Triclocarban and Triclosan in Environmental Water by Using SPE Combined with HPLC-ESI-MS
Authors: Yi Chun Liang , Guo Wei Lin , Wang Xi Kui
Published: December 2012

A sensitive method for the simultaneous determination of TCC and TCS in water, which involves enrichment with SPE and detection with HPLC-ESI-MS, was developed. The influence of the operational parameters,such as eluan, the acidity of the sample, were investigated and optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection were 1.0 ng L-1and 2.5 ng L-1 for TCC and TCS, respectively. The method was successfully applied to the analysis of triclocarban and triclosan in real environmental water samples, including river water, lake water and tap-water. The spiked recoveries of TCC and TCS in these samples were achieved in the range of 89.5%–97.5%.
Non-Tidal Water Level Variability in Lianyungang Coastal Area
Authors: Zhang Cun Yong
Published: December 2012

The non-tidal water level fluctuation at four locations in Lianyungang coastal area was analyzed by using tide data. Results show that the non-tidal water level fluctuation was associated with the spatial distribution. The combined effects of shoaling and attenuation due to the shape and bottom topography contribute to the spatial distribution of non-tidal water level fluctuation. Two characteristic oscillation periods of about 12 h and 24 h which highly coherent throughout the four stations were revealed. Analysis of the exciting mechanisms indicates that the variability was mainly generated by fluctuation in wind speed.
Analysis on Possible Evolution of Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes in Lake Water in Qaidam Basin, China
Authors: Ma Hong Yun , Zhao Zhen Hong , Zhang Jun
Published: December 2012

The δD-δ18O line features of water bodies are very important properties of isotopic characteristics. The slope of the line is controlled by the environmental condition of the area. The hydrogen and oxygen stable isotopic transport of lake water in Qaidam Basin is mainly effect by temperature and relative humidity. Lake water samples show two groups due to heterogeneous distribution of lake water. Group 1 is depleted samples which indicate originated lake water that did not suffer the evaporation processes. Group 2 is highly enriched in isotopic compositions due to evaporation. The regression line of lake water in Qaidam Basin is δD = 3.13δ18O - 21.61. The slope of theoretical evaporation line has positive relationship with relative humidity and has negative relationship with temperature. The effects analyses of temperature and h on the slop of evaporation line show the residual ratio f of Group 2 lake water samples are between 0.5-0.7. If Group 1 samples represent the initial isotopic composition of lake waters, the above results indicates that the most evaporated lake water (the Group 2) having lost 30%-50% of their initial volume.
Methods for Calculation of Water Environment Capacity of Small and Medium River Channels
Authors: Han Long Xi , Yan Fen Fen , Peng Hui , Gao Jun Jie , Pan Man Man
Published: December 2012

Methods for calculation of water environment capacity can be divided into two types in general, one type is ideal water environment capacity method and the other is pollution source generalization method. This paper proposes another way of generalization, uniform generalization method, assuming that distribution of the amount of pollutants discharged is uniform in the lengthways direction. In consideration of the practical demand for administration of water resources protection, a formula for calculation of water environment capacity for different combinations of environment function regions is presented，based on the water quality targets of function regions, with the numerical or analytical methods of 1-D water quality model. The proposed method provides a simple and effective method for water resources management and planning.
Study on Real-Time Regulation of Water Resources Yellow River Basin
Authors: Wang Yu
Published: December 2012

This paper puts forward and studies the concept, features as well as regulation process of real-time dispatch of basin water resources. The real-time regulation of basin water resources features temporal regulation system of multiple time-step nesting, dynamic balance regulation system of self-adapting demand-supply, dynamic information-based feedback regulation system, and three-element regulation system in combination of reservoir dispatch, river reach water distribution and flow forecast control. With example of lower Yellow River reaches below Xiaolangdi, a real-time regulation model of water resources in river basin with multiple time-step nesting and scrolling-amendment has been developed. The developed model has been put into actual practice and resulted in the safety of water supply and avoid of dry-up in consecutive low flow yeas of Yellow River Basin.
Research about the General Applicability of Ecological Rural House in the Guanzhong Region of North China
Authors: Xi Liao Liao , Zhu Yan Di , Zhang Peng Fei , Kang Zhi Pan
Published: December 2012

When China is vigorously urging the development of western area and the construction of new village, how to improve living standards of the famers at the same time to maximize the energy saving and the reduction of building materials using is one of the important problems that need to be solved. Based on the survey and research of the rural house in the Guanzhong region of north china, paper explores and analyzes the orientation, architectural style, layout, natural ventilation etc. Then arrive at the general applicability of ecological and energy-saving rural house in the Guanzhong region under the concept of ecological design. In the wake of the help of generally applicable design program, can provide some reference for the current rural house construction, and promote the integration of urban and rural areas.
Impact of Fertilization and Soil Phosphorus Status on Phosphorus Leaching from Soil in Vegetable Greenhouse
Authors: Zhao Ya Jie , Chen Xin , Shi Yi , Lu Cai Yan , Huang Bin , Zhao Mu Qiu
Published: December 2012

The vegetable utilization rate of phosphorus fertilizer in greenhouse condition was low in the season of fertilizer application, resulting in phosphorus accumulation in the top soil year after year. The risk of phosphorus loss through leaching increased under the circumstance of inappropriate watering management and fertilization. In this study, leaching experiments using columns packed with a greenhouse soil with different soil phosphorus status (low, medium and high levels) were carried out under greenhouse condition to investigate the impact of fertilizer application on phosphorus leaching from greenhouse soil. The fertilization treatments included no fertilizer [CK], organic manure and chemical fertilizer [M+NPK], organic manure [M], chemical fertilizer [NPK]. The vertical migration and leaching loss of soil phosphorus were measured. Results were as follows: (1) total phosphorus (TP) content increased with the extension of leaching time. In the low-level- and medium-level-phosphorus greenhouse soils, TP concentration in the effluent increased with the application of manure; (2) In the high-level-phosphorus greenhouse soil, phosphorus in the effluent from the treatment with the use of fertilizer was the highest TP, with accumulative leaching amount of 2.85 mg in 51 days. The leaching of phosphorus became small after 36 days of leaching experiment. Our study showed that application of manure and chemical fertilizer at proper rates according to soil phosphorus status is beneficial to reduce the leaching loss of phosphorus to the environment.
Distribution and Potential Sources of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Surface Dust and Soil of Shanghai, China
Authors: Ma Jing , Zheng Ji San , Chen Zu Yi , Wu Ming Hong , Lei Jian Qiu
Published: December 2012

Concentrations and profiles of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured in road dust and soil from different functional urban areas in Shanghai. The ΣPAHs concentrations varies from 99.4 to 66900 ng/g dw, where the highest one is found in dust from a chemical industry producing black carbon. The mean concentrations of ΣPAHs for dust increase in the following order of land uses: park and lake area DBahA > BbF > IDP > BkF > BaA > Chr, underlining the importance of BaP as a surrogate compound of a PAHs mixute.
Growth Inhibition of Two Typical Red Tide Microalgae (Karenia mikimitoi and Alexandrium tamarense) by Antialgal Substances from Gracilaria lemaneiformis and its Isolation and Identification
Authors: Sun Ying Ying , Xu Shen Zhen , Zhang Jing , Yan Bin Lun
Published: December 2012

A yellow-brown extract (GLME) was obtained by methanol extraction of powder from Gracilaria lemaneiformis. The methanol extract was further fractionated by liquid-liquid extraction and obtained the four fractions (F-Ⅰ, F-Ⅱ, F-Ⅲ and F-Ⅳ). Growth inhibition of two typical red tide microalgae (Karenia mikimitoi and Alexandrium tamarense) by those fractions and its isolated fractions were investigated. The results showed that crude extract had inhibitory activity against the growth of Karenia mikimitoi and Alexandrium tamarense. Among the four fractions, F-Ⅱ exhibited the strongest effect against the growth of the two red tide microalgae, and the inhibitory effect of Karenia mikimitoi and Alexandrium tamarense by F-Ⅱ at the concentration of 0.35 g/L was 48.8% and 46.7% in day 12, respectively. After additional isolation of F-II with five organic solvents (petroleum ether, petroleum ether:ethyl acetate=1:1, ethyl acetate, ethyl acetate:acetone=1:1 and acetone), the F- II was separated into five fractions of Ⅱ-A, Ⅱ-B, Ⅱ-C, Ⅱ-D and Ⅱ-E on silicon gel column, respectively. The eluant Ⅱ-B andⅡ-C showed the significant growth inhibition activities. The antialgal substances in eluant Ⅱ-B andⅡ-C are identified by comprehensive analysis of UV and HPLC-MS to be chlorogenic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid and vanillic acid. And they significantly inhibited the growth of Karenia mikimitoi and Alexandrium tamarense.
Decolourization of Alizarin Red by Persulfate
Authors: Li Shen Xin , Hu Wei , Wang Cheng Duan
Published: December 2012

The decolourization of dye wastewater by persulfate was studied using alizarin red as a model dye wastewater. Effects of several parameters, such as dose of oxidant, ionic strength, pH, temperature and UV irradiation, were investigated in detail. The results showed that the decolourization reaction of alizarin red by persulfate could be fitted to a pseudo-first order kinetics model. In addition, no degradation products were observed during the decolourization of alizarin red by persulfate. The results are useful for the treatment of dye wastewater.
Study on Potential Impacts of Genetically Modified Cultivation on Soil Physical and Chemical Properties
Authors: Luo Ming Yun , Chen Hui
Published: December 2012

With the application and promotion of genetically modified crops, the safe of Bt-transgenic crops on soil had become one of the hot spot. In present study, two parallel experiments were conducted to compare the impacts of transgenic cotton on the rhizosphere soil properties in northern China. The results showed that the pH value increased, except for the cotton 33B. Furthermore, the change extent varied with Bt transgenic cotton and non Bt cotton. In addition, organic total carbon、 total nitrogen and available nitrogen decreased, while these of GK-12 increased. In general, the effect was different from cotton cultivar. Available P and K in the rhizosphere zone increased among all cotton cultivars tested, and no significant difference was found between Bt and non-Bt cotton
Study on the Distributive Characteristics of the Soil Microorganisms at Floodplain on Wetland of Mongolian Plateau
Authors: Zhao Ji , Shao Yu Qin , Hui Min , Lu Jia Yin , Li Jing Yu
Published: December 2012

Study on the distributive characteristics of the soil microorganisms at floodplain on wetland of Mongolian plateau. Using the Plate dilution method to determine the 0~10cm, 10~20cm, 20~30cm, 40~50cm and 50~60cm soil samples, soil aerobic bacteria, bacillus type bacteria, fungus and actinomycetes bacteria number, the results show that with the deepening of the soil depth, the number of aerobic bacteria number reduced, the peak value of the number of aerobic bacteria in the 0~10cm soil layer, the minimum number in the 50~60cm soil, 0~10cm and the other four soil there was a significant difference, there was no significant difference between the other four soil layers. The Bacillus type bacteria have a high ratio of total aerobic bacteria in 0~10cm, the surface of the soil with a high ammonification quality but also the best. The peak of the number of fungus in 0~10cm, followed by 10~20cm and 30~40cm and 20~30cm, 40~50cm, 50~60cm no isolated fungus. There is no actinomycetes separation in the 10-3 cfu.g-1dry soil dilution.
Density Effects of Crusted Mosses on Dew Condense and Water Evaporation in the Gurbantunggut Desert, Northwestern China
Authors: Ji Xue Hua , Zhang Yuan Ming , Tao Ye
Published: December 2012

Biological soil crusts cover 40% area of arid land, moss crust is a predominant species of biological soil crusts and plays important role in the fixation of C and N, prevention of soil erosion and infiltration of water into the deep soil; dew condense and water evaporation are indispensable aspects of water cycle in dry land. Although there were many studies about dew condense and evaporation of BSC, but no attention was placed on moss density like vascular plant. In this paper, measurements were taken to investigate the effects of crusted moss density on dew condense and evaporation. Dew amounts and evaporation were measured using micro-lysimeters. The results showed that moss density was positively related to dew condense, and negatively related with water evaporation, the thinner the moss density the higher the total evaporation amount; One-way-ANOVA analysis suggested that moss density had significant effect on dew condense, even very thinner moss crust had higher ability of dew deposition than bare soil.
Effects of Soil Quality Arising from the Conversion of Intrazonal Grassland in an Agro-Pasturage Ecotone of China
Authors: Chen Chao , Huang Ding , Wang Kun
Published: December 2012

Understanding the effects of land-use changes on soil property is crucial for the sustainable development in an agro-pastoral ecotone of China. Although grassland conversion is an important land-use change in northern China, most studies have focused on zonal grassland areas and the intrazonal grassland areas have been ignored, which is not climatic climax of natural grassland, because it is constrained by terrain, surface water, components of the earth surface and other ecological factors. The present study aims to determine the effects of the conversion of intrazonal grassland into cropland on soil properties in the Bashang area where a typical agro-pastoral ecotone of northern China is found. The results showed that intrazonal grassland conversion and subsequent tillage practices increased soil bulk density and decreased soil porosity, capillary moisture capacity, and soil nutrients content. Available soil zinc content in the study area was at extremely low level, which could not meet the need of crop growing based on the soil trace elements appraisal criteria of China. On the average, the conversion of intrazonal grassland into cropland led soil organic carbon density (SOCD) decreased from 22.49 kg m-2 to 13.24 kg m-2, and soil total nitrogen density (STND) from 2.23 kg m-2 to 1.27 kg m-2; that is, the meadow conversion resulted in a 41-43% reduction of SOCD and STND in 0–60 cm soil depth over about 20 years. To conserve the present status, the further conversion of grassland into cropland should be stopped, and encourage the restoration of cropped area into grassland to combat the soil desertification and degradation in the agro-pasturage ecotone of Northern China.
Release Text on the Humus Soil Pellets
Authors: Yin Jun , Wu Lei , Liu Zhi Sheng , Wang Jian Hui , Lu Hai , Zhang Ju Kui
Published: December 2012

In this article, texted the humus soil pellets by means of SEM-EDAX. Analyze the release of organic matter at different dissolved oxygen conditions and the content of TOC changes after being used for different duration. Systematically studied on the physical and chemical properties of the filler and it’s released highly active organic nutrient composition. Further reveals the principle of humus activated sludge process how to deal with the high concentration organic wastewater. The results show that the humus soil pellets has a complex structure and irregular, containing large quantities of animal bone debris and plant fragments, and its main elements are C, Si, O. Three elements of the weight percentage reached 88.69%, atomic hundreds of content reached 93.52%.The humus soil pellets released organic substances at different dissolved oxygen conditions are different. Released substance under low dissolved oxygen conditions are mostly short-chain polar organic functional groups such as methyl, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups.
Immobilization and Ammonia Removal of Photosynthetic Bacteria
Authors: Zhan Pei Rong , Liu Wei
Published: December 2012

The photosynthetic bacteria have been widely used in improving the water environment, especially for pollutant purification. A photosynthetic bacterium was isolated from fish pond sludge using various methods. The bacterium is rod-shaped and slightly curved, and they reproduce by budding. It grew anaerobically when exposed to light and aerobically in darkness. Based on electron microscopy, utilization of carbon sources and amino acids, and factors required for growth, the bacterium is identified as Rhodopseudomonas palustris. The R. palustris was immobilized using different carriers to increase its concentration and its targeted use. The results show that immobilization of the bacteria stabilized the ammonia removal and protected the bacteria from predation by plankton. The method is also easy to use and prolonged the purification effect in the reactor. The immobilized microorganisms are 30%–40% more effective than free bacteria in removing ammonia.
Distribution of Available Cu and Zn in the Soil Environment of Yunnan Plateau
Authors: Wang Ai Guo , He Zhong Jun
Published: December 2012

Cu and Zn are the essential trace nutrient elements and the important heavy metal elements. Available Cu and Zn are the parts directly absorbed by plant, but the higher concentration of them would impact the quality of plant product and endanger the human body health. Taking Chinese Herbs Plantation Base of Yunnan Baiyao Group Co.LTD as exemple, this paper analysis the distribution of available Cu, Zn in the southwest mountain soil. The results of 214 soil sampling point data show that the average content of available Cu is 0.69 mg•kg-1, with low and middle grade, and available Zn is 1.65 mg•kg-1, with high and middle grade, belong to the high variability of soil character. The data were interpolated by means of ordinary kringing coupled with a GIS to produce contour distribution maps of aviliable Cu and Zn. Far away from the pollution of production activities, the distribution of soil available Cu, Zn content have better consistency, and are mainly determained by soil parent materials. Terrain undulation on the regional is another impact with higher concentration in the ditch and inlet of reservoir. The highest values were 3.461 and 4.96 mg•kg-1, but they won’t cause environmental pollution.
Analysis of Soil Moisture Evolution of Shanxi Province in Hai River Basin
Authors: Wei Su Jie , Gao Xue Rui , Liu Jia Hong , Qin Da Yong
Published: December 2012

To explore the intrinsic relationship of distribution of soil water and agricultural production, this paper, selecting the area of Hai River Basin in Shanxi Province as the studying district, and using the observed data of soil moisture collected in the observation stations in 1961-2005, divided the area into different regional units according to the local planting structure, and identified the main evolution trend in each unit and driving factors of soil moisture change. It shows that the fluctuation of the soil moisture is very similar with that of the antecedent precipitation and the average temperature, and the trend of the soil moisture is the same with that of the precipitation. This research could act as the reference for government in agricultural production management and drought alleviation in Hai River Basin.
Study on Factors Analysis Low-Carbon Development in Hi-Tech Industrial Park − A Case Study in China
Authors: Wen Juan , Chang Wen Tao , Shi Peng Fei , Sun Tao
Published: December 2012

Low-carbon development has been well recognized as a strategic option for the transformation during the socio-economic development in China. As a symbol of highest level of research and development, high-tech eco-industrial parks are playing an important role in response to climate change and the trend of low-carbon development, to maximize the low-carbon development potentials and bridge a unique and feasible solution to low-carbon development. This paper explored the factors affecting the development of high-tech eco-industrial parks using Logarithmic Mean Weight Division Index (LMDI)index analysis and Kaya equation, and summarized these factors as economic growth, industrial structures, energy efficiency, energy structures and carbon emission coefficients.
Study of Ecotoxicity of Nano Ni(OH)2 in Carassius auratus
Authors: Dai Zhao Xia , Yin Ying , Wang Shi He
Published: December 2012

The research aimed to investigate the ecotoxicity of nano Ni(OH)2 from the leakage of lithium battery leakage on Carassius auratus. Choosing Carassius auratus as test biology, Researched on Content of free radical in the liver, SOD, GST and GSH. The main findings are as follows: As proved by EPR spinning trapping, nano Ni(OH)2 may induce the generation of hydroxyl radical in the body of Carassius auratus, which may impose significant impact on such active oxygen scavenging systems as SOD, GST and GSH. Nano Ni(OH)2 as concentrated in the fish body may incur redox reaction, and produce redox metabolic intermediate. The study provides the theoretical basis for safety problems might be incurred by mutual action between nano-material and organisms. As one of important toxic mechanisms of nano Ni(OH)2 to Carassius auratus, oxidative stress mechanism requires further study.
Effects of Five Kinds of Antibiotics on the Damage of Prorocentrum minimum
Authors: Cai Heng Jiang , Liu Chang Fa , Wei Hai Feng
Published: December 2012

The use of bacteria for red tides control is a promising method, but the microalgae sterile is the basis of the research. The effects of Amipicillin, Gentamycin sulfate, Nomycin sulfate, Chcoramphencol, Kanamycin sulfate on the growth, Chl-a and MDA content of Prorocentrum minimum were studied under laboratory conditions. The results showed that Gentamycin sulfate and Kanamycin sulfate could stimulated the growth of P. minimum under lower concentrations (0.05mg/mL), and the growth stimulation was significant (pP. minimum under higher concentrations. The growth inhibition was significant (pP. minimum showed the significant difference in sensitivity to five kinds of antibiotics. The inhibition of Chcoramphencol was the largest, while Kanamycin sulfate was the smallest in the five kinds of antibiotics. The Chl-a content was decreased (p<0.05) by five kinds of antibiotics when the concentration was 2.00mg/mL. Besides, the accumulation of MDA content was observed by Chcoramphencol treatment. Therefore, Chcoramphencol could not be used for the microalgae sterile.
The Problems of Wetlands in our Country and the Researches
Authors: Qin Yu Qian
Published: December 2012

The characteristics and current situation of China’s wetlands are discussed, the reasons that cause environmental degradation of China’s wetlands are analyzed in this article. The emphases of research on domestic west lands are summarized from three aspects that function and benefit development of wetlands, construction of wetland reserves, restoration and reconstruction of wetlands, in addition, the development trend of future research on wetlands is prospected.
Mechanisms and Remediation Technologies of Sulfate Removal from Acid Mine Drainage
Authors: Chen Mei Qin , Wu Feng Ji
Published: December 2012

Acid mine drainage (AMD) has properties of extreme acidification, quantities of sulfate and elevated levels of soluble heavy metals. It was a widespread environmental problem that caused adverse effects to the qualities of ground water and surface water. In the past decades, most of investigations were focused on the heavy metals as their toxicities for human and animals. As another main constitution of AMD, sulfate ion is nontoxic, yet high concentration of sulfate ion can cause many problems such as soil acidification, metal corrosion and health problems. More attention should be paid on the sulfate ion when people focus on the AMD. In the paper, sulfate removal mechanisms include adsorption, precipitation, co-precipitation and biological reduction were analyzed and summarized. Meanwhile, the remediation technologies, especially the applications of them in China were also presented and discussed.
Analysis of the Spatial-Temporal Variation of Water Quality in Daqing Wetland
Authors: Yang Xu , Wang Ji Fu , Zhang Xue Ping , Wang Bao Jian
Published: December 2012

Daqing city is a city which was constructed on wetlands, wetland water environment plays an important role in the ecological health and environmental safety of the whole Daqing city. Therefore, comprehensive pollution index and single factor pollution index were employed to investigate the spatial-temporal variation of the water quality in this paper. The order of the comprehensive pollution index in the year was as follows: summer (16.19)> autumn(14.19) > spring(13.11). The comprehensive pollution index of TN was the highest among the five parameters, reaching14.05, while the comprehensive pollution index of BOD5 was the lowest, with an average of 4.5. In spatial terms, the order of pollution was as follows: prime areas> middle areas>terminal areas. This showed wetland better purification of water quality.
A Study on the Volume and Water-Holding Properties of Litter Layer for Larix Kaempferi Forests of Eastern Region in Liaoning Province
Authors: Hui Shu Rong , Wang Wei Jia , Liu Qiang , Liu Hui , Chen Zhong Wei
Published: December 2012

A Study on the volume and water-holding properties of Litter Layer for Larix Kaempferi Forests of Eastern Region in Liaoning Province. It was showed that the vo1ume and water-holding capability of the litter layer for the 6 forest type are all indicating to the semi-decomposed litter higher than the undercomposed litter. The litter vo1ume of different forest types was ranged from 27.24 t•hm-2 to 50.00 t•hm-2, the maximum was the cloudy slope of the half-mature forest, the minimum was the sunny slope of young forest. Different forest types’ litter layer exhibited significant different in water-holding capacity, the undecomposed litter layer displayed for the cloudy slope of the half-mature forest had maximum water-holding capacity which reached 29.74 t•hm-2, and the minimum was 14.78 t•hm-2 which came from the sunny slope of young forest. For the semi-decomposed litter layer, the maximum was the cloudy slope of the near-mature forest, which reached 29.74 t•hm-2 and the minimum was only 29.86 t•hm-2 came from the sunny slope of the young forest. By carefully analysis of experimental results and fitted relational expression of test data, we could get the equation was WA=a t b between rate of water absorbability of litter and immersion time in different forest types.
Degradation of Nonylphenol Polyethoxylates and its Microflora Structure in an Anoxic-Oxic Activated Sludge Process
Authors: Xie Yuan Hua , Zhu Tong , Liu Xiao Jiang , Liu Hui , Han Jin
Published: December 2012

An anoxic-oxic activated sludge process (AOASP) was carried out to degrade nonylphenol polyethoxylates (NPEOs). The carbon source in influent was replaced stepwise by a mixture of nonylphenol decaethoxylate (M-NP10EO). The 2nd-derivative UV-spectrometry was applied to determine the total amount of M-NP10EO in water samples. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency achieves about 85% under the highest M-NP10EO loading rate, and M-NP10EO removal efficiency is about 80%. Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) results of activated sludges show that the microbe species decrease but gradually stabilize with the increase of M-NP10EO concentration in influent. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) results of activated sludges showe that the dominant microflora under the highest M-NP10EO loading rate is β-Proteobacteria (35%), followed by α-Proteobacteria (15%), γ-Proteobacteria (5%) and Actinobateria (4%).
Study on the Establishment Techniques for Dwarf Broussonetia papyrifera Fodder Forest
Authors: Wang Hong Feng , Zeng Lei , Zhang Hong
Published: December 2012

The establishment techniques for drawf Broussonetia papyrifera fodder forest were present and performed in order to reduce the labor cost and increase the economic benefits, and further the leaf production was estimated based on the field observation. Guided by the dwarfing techniques for B. papyrifera tree, the tree can be dwarfed through tip and lateral branch pruning at the planting year. The optimized tree form after dwarfing is a clumped form with about 1.5m height and about 2m×1m crown width. This tree form facilitates subsequent leaf collecting and further improves the work efficiency. The leaf of dwarf Broussonetia papyrifera fodder forest can be collected six times per year, and the leaf productivity can be reach over 100×103kg fresh weight per hectare.
The Analysis and Mathematical Model of Sustainable Development Tactics of Regional Forest Resources
Authors: Yu Ying Rui , Yang Liang , Li Jing Xue , Guan Hong Yu
Published: December 2012

Forest resources are one of the most important resources which men are survival of. We studied sustainable development tactics of regional forest resources . Volume model, describing the growing process of a tree, was built to establish the relationship between the age of grown up and the age of grow stagnation; also 1-D dynamic discrete model was established, considering the characteristic of number of trees in different ages in the condition that there is only a single kind of tree in the forest firstly; then multidimensional dynamic discrete model was formulated, providing the best felling policy that can meet lumber demand and have better age of stand structure. The simulation results show that the age of stand structure finally reach steadiness in one million hectares. Regional forest achieve sustainable development.