bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Introduction
Authors: Cousins James P.
Published: May 2017

The introduction places the life of Horace Holley in the context of the history of education, the history of Kentucky, and the history of the early American republic. It begins with a summary of Marquis de Lafayette’s visit to Lexington in May 1825, reviews Horace’s career at Transylvania University, and provides an overview of the book. It also includes a summary of scholarship related to the life and times of Horace Holley. The introduction outlines the scope and method of research as well as the significance of the project. It concludes with individual chapter summaries that outline themes and historical contexts developed throughout the book.
“Traces of Vast Design”
Authors: Cousins James P.
Published: May 2017

The Panic of 1819 crippled America’s economy, forced endless business closures, and left many without the ability to repay loans. In Kentucky, the Debt Relief Party emerged and soon dominated both houses of the state legislature. A series of controversial legislative reforms followed, and the state was soon divided between competing visions of reform. The so-called relief controversy brought new and particularly unwelcome attention to Horace and his university; politically charged attacks against him manifested in charges of heterodoxy, corruption, and vice. This chapter examines the ensuing controversy and describes Presbyterian-backed efforts to dislodge Horace from the presidency.
“A Time of Fruits and Flowers”
Authors: Cousins James P.
Published: May 2017

This chapter considers the last years of Horace’s presidency, his departure from Lexington, his plans for a traveling academy, his arrival in New Orleans, and the last days and months of his life. The relief controversy speeded the rise of Jacksonian populism, and in 1824 Kentuckians elected Democratic Republican Joseph Desha as governor. Presbyterian opponents now joined with populists in common cause and helped force Horace’s resignation. But new challenges offered new opportunities, and Horace now set his sights on a traveling academy, a scheme to take the sons of Louisiana’s wealthiest planting families to Europe for an extended educational experience. He was frustrated by a lack of enthusiasm for this plan but then reinvigorated by another: the same families who sent their sons to Lexington for their education desired a university closer to home and encouraged Horace to become the institution’s first president. However, the promise of yet another educational venture would not come to pass, and Horace died from yellow fever just weeks after accepting the offer. This chapter places Horace Holley in the context of larger social and political trends and posits a different interpretation of the decades that proceeded his administration.
The Barrister
Authors: Metzmeier Kurt X.
Published: May 2017

As a legislator, James Hughes drafted laws to reform the muddled property laws inherited from Virginia; as an attorney, he litigated the myriad land cases that clogged the new commonwealth’s courts. While waiting to have his many cases heard in the Kentucky Court of Appeals, he took detailed notes on the cases he observed. To these accounts he added notes from his own arguments and those of his friends and fashioned the first case reporter for the state of Kentucky. Hughes was also a Lexington civic leader.
The Reporter Who Was Not
Authors: Metzmeier Kurt X.
Published: May 2017

Achilles Sneed was the clerk of the Kentucky Court of Appeals from 1801 until he was ousted in 1824 as a result of the Old Court–New Court controversy. He was a Frankfort civic leader, and his home still stands near the Old Capitol and adjacent to the Kentucky Historical Society.
The Jurist
Authors: Metzmeier Kurt X.
Published: May 2017

George M. Bibb had a distinguished career as a lawyer, judge, and politician. He served as chief justice of the Kentucky Court of Appeals before embarking on a national career as a US senator (first as a Democratic-Republican and later as a Jacksonian Democrat), secretary of the treasury in the cabinet of President John Tyler, and one of the most active advocates before the US Supreme Court that Kentucky would produce. In between, he served as judge of the chancery court in Louisville. His father, Richard Bibb, was a major figure in the emancipation and African colonization movement.
The Scion
Authors: Metzmeier Kurt X.
Published: May 2017

John J. Marshall was a brilliant lawyer, able circuit court judge, and promising politician whose career would be stunted by inconvenient political views and the grave misfortunes of uncertain economic times. The son of Humphrey Marshall, the lion of the Kentucky Federalist Party, he bore that distinguished family name and an onerous financial debt with equanimity and grace. This allowed him to remain in communion with an abolitionist brother-in-law and his pro-slavery family.
Investing, Exploiting, Saturating
Authors: McKenna A. T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter details the various partnerships and business ventures Levine entered into in the immediate postwar era. He learned how to capitalize on current events at this time, with varying degrees of success. He sought to take advantage of the public’s feelings at the end of the Second World War by investing in the nostalgic film compilation Gaslight Follies and by producing a documentary based on the expeditions of the famous explorer Admiral Byrd. Levine also developed as a film distributor and promoter with arthouse, exploitation, and teen films, which he distributed in New England. This chapter also investigates Levine’s experiences with drive-in cinemas and saturation openings—two things that would help to define his early career and pedigree as a showman. The chapter demonstrates how his eye for an opportunity and gambler’s approach to investing helped to shape his career as a showman and promoter.
Bad Taste in Hollywood
Authors: McKenna A. T.
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Levine’s production of The Carpetbaggers, which he made as an independent producer at Paramount. The chapter explores how Levine capitalized on the loosening of censorship restrictions in America in both literature and cinema to cajole America’s censorship bodies into being lenient with a film that was based on an explicit (for the time) Harold Robbins novel. The Carpetbaggers brought many criticisms for Levine, mostly on the grounds that the film was in bad taste, but there were also some positive words—with some critics expressing appreciation for the film’s camp value. Camp was another cultural zeitgeist on which Levine was able to capitalize while also shoring up his own position as an antagonist of America’s cultural elites.
Conclusion
Authors: Pimblott Kerry
Published: May 2017

This conclusion serves to show that despite the severity of the city’s economic problems, the impact of the Cairo Black Power Movement has continued to resonate across the nation, giving rise to new political alliances such as the National Black United Front and theologies that offer an important alternative to prevailing conservative doctrines such as the Prosperity Gospel and Word of Faith movement.
The Screen Directors Guild Meeting
Authors: Brianton Kevin
Published: May 2017

Chapter 3 looks at the SDG meeting in detail, using sources such as the meeting transcript to provide a thorough account. DeMille capitulated from the beginning and accepted that Mankiewicz was victorious. Early in the meeting, he seconded motions for the recall ballots to be destroyed. No debate existed between DeMille’s supporters and others, as DeMille simply had no support. The meeting was essentially a sustained attack on DeMille for his actions in recalling Mankiewicz. George Stevens’s attack on DeMille created a demand that DeMille be removed from office. With demands for DeMille’s resignation at their height, John Ford defended DeMille, and his speech stopped the drive to have DeMille resign. Even with Ford’s intervention, the meeting continued to demand the board’s removal. Ford initially defended the board then reluctantly admitted that events had spun out of control and it had to go.
DeMille as Anti-Communist Ogre
Authors: Brianton Kevin
Published: May 2017

Chapter 7 shows how Cecil B. DeMille’s reputation declined from a high-water mark of the late 1960s to being reviled as a director and individual from about 1985 due to the impact of the coverage of the meeting. It addresses the first of one of the central myths emerging from the accounts of the meeting: that DeMille named people to HUAC and Joseph McCarthy. From a review of documents at the DeMille archives and HUAC papers, it is clear that DeMille never testified to the committee and refused on two occasions to do so. He did have an indirect relationship with the committee through the FBI, to whom he gave information on suspected Communists. Due in part to these myths, along with claims of anti-Semitism, DeMille’s cinematic reputation was dismissed for many years, even though the factual basis for the image was weak. The chapter demonstrates how his reputation revived from the late 1980s, as his supporters developed a new and competing image of a cinematic pioneer. It concludes that DeMille now has two images, which are competing for attention among film historians and critics.
Conclusion
Authors: Brianton Kevin
Published: May 2017

Drawing together the strands present in the book, discussing how historians build on false ideas of previous ones, the conclusion calls for a more grounded approach to history.
“It’s Not Human!”: Another Example of Anthropodermic Bibliopegy Discredited
Authors: Chaudron Gerald
Published: May 2017

In January 2016, the University of Memphis Libraries (UML) announced that the “human skin book” held in the Preservation and Special Collections Department for 30 years did not have an anthropodermic binding after all.1 The results of new scientific testing were a disappointment to some library staff because the book had become an object of fascination for many students and its fame had spread far beyond the campus. The story of how one book came to symbolize the archives and the library of the University of Memphis is an interesting one. However, there are also important questions about the way a relic is used and exploited to attract more patrons to libraries and archives, and the ethical considerations that accompany such use.
Use of Sodium Thiosulfate to Quench Hypochlorite Solutions Prior to Chlorate Analysis
Authors: Boal Andrew K. , Patsalis Fotios I.
Published: May 2017

Sodium thiosulfate is a commonly used quenching agent for sodium hypochlorite and has previously been deemed acceptable when quenching hypochlorite solutions before conducting chlorate analysis. However, using thiosulfate to quench hypochlorite solutions with compositions similar to those produced by electrolytic onsite generation process (OSG; free available chlorine content of 0.8% with a pH range of 8–10) can result in artificially low chlorate measurements. Reactions between thiosulfate and hypochlorite can result in a substantial decrease in pH that in turn causes the production of bisulfite ions from thiosulfate. In turn, these ions react with chlorate ions, resulting in artificially decreased measurements of chlorate in the initial hypochlorite solutions. Malonic acid does not cause a similar effect when used as a hypochlorite quenching agent and should therefore be used in place of thiosulfate when conducting chlorate analysis of hypochlorite solutions produced through electrolytic OSG processes.
Keeping Pace With Water and Wastewater Rates
Authors: Stratton Hannah , Fuchs Heidi , Chen Yuting , Dunham Camilla , Ni Chun Chun , Williams Alison
Published: May 2017

Water and wastewater treatment and delivery are the most capital‐intensive of all utility services. The literature indicates that historically underpriced water and wastewater rates have exhibited steadily high growth in the past 15 years, while the consumer price index (CPI) of water and sewage maintenance has outpaced the general CPI by an increasingly wide margin. This article employs a chained analysis method to examine water and wastewater rates for a group of utilities across US Census regions between 2000 and 2014. Results demonstrate that water and wastewater prices for this sample group have consistently increased and have surpassed CPI growth since 2006. Current and upcoming challenges facing water and wastewater utilities suggest that rate increases are likely to continue in the foreseeable future.
Portrait of a Slave-Trading Family
Authors: Longmore Jane
Published: May 2017

This chapter offers a perspective on the attitudes of those involved in the slave trade in the second half of the eighteenth century. Liverpool was the dominant British slaving port in this period with a core of merchants who were heavily engaged in the trade. Using a rare collection of business and personal papers belonging to a Liverpool merchant, Thomas Staniforth, questions are asked about the commercial and social networks of the slave traders, the interplay between slaving and other business concerns such as privateering and whaling, and the attitudes of an anti-abolitionist. The world of the Staniforth papers is revealed as one in which family and commercial concerns dominated, an environment which was politically saturated in the business of the slave trade and captured in a series of revealing portraits by Joseph Wright of Derby.
Forgotten Women
Authors: Young Hannah
Published: May 2017

Women have remained virtually invisible in the historiography of slavery and absenteeism. However, there were a significant number of female absentees who managed their vast West Indian estates -and those enslaved upon them-from metropolitan Britain. This chapter examines the correspondence of one such slave-owner. Anna Eliza Elletson was a London-based absentee who was heavily involved with the transatlantic management of Hope estate, her Jamaican plantation. The correspondence she sent to her Jamaican attorneys contains detailed discussions of the practicalities of running her estate and provides a unique insight into the mindset of a late eighteenth-century female slave-owner. In analysing the attitudes and behaviour of this particular woman this chapter investigates the extent to which she variously reinforced, subverted and challenged the social mores and gendered assumptions of late eighteenth-century Britain.
Making Museum Narratives of Slavery and Anti-Slavery in Olney
Authors: Munroe Leanne
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores how and why narratives of the abolitionist John Newton evolved within the Cowper and Newton Museum between the centenary of his death in 1907 and the bicentenary in 2007. Using discourse and exhibition analysis, it seeks to understand how changing discourses surrounding the memory of Newton and the wider representation of slavery affected how abolition is narrated in the museum. In doing so, it examines the complex relationship between local and global narratives of abolition and slavery.
Civilians and Communities I: Non-cooperation and Defiance
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: May 2017

This chapter focuses on civilians who refused to cooperate with the Irish Republican Army (IRA). It begins by exploring two illustrative examples of Dáil Éireann edits enforced by local IRA units: the Dáil Courts and the Belfast Boycott. It then examines the local arms fund levy. As an exclusively ‘army’, rather than ‘civil’, collection, the arms fund offers a useful comparison with the poor rate collection explored in Chapter 2. The final two sections of the chapter explore the influence of community politics and personal relationships on loyalism and allegiance to the British administration. The chapter argues that well-established community behaviour and personal interest significantly influenced the guerrilla campaign, the conduct of guerrillas, and the behaviour of the civilian population. General conclusions about loyalty and allegiance will be offered before those conclusions are tested with a micro-study of loyalism in one ‘southern’ Irish community (Arva, County Cavan) based on a detailed reading of compensation claims submitted to the Irish Grants Committee.
Conclusion
Authors: Hughes Brian
Published: May 2017

Examining the grass-roots dynamics of the Irish Revolution emphasises the difficulty of defining revolutionary activity in neat or binary terms. Only a small minority operated at either end of a scale of allegiance or compliance while the majority are to be found in a massive and fluid middle-ground. The IRA surely relied on the support of the general population in conducting its guerrilla campaign (whether that support came actively or passively, willingly or unwillingly) but if taken too generally the idea of widespread civilian assistance becomes an oversimplification, missing many of the complexities and nuances inherent in individual and communal behaviour. Civilian behaviour was regularly motivated by concerns over personal safety or economic survival and could also be influenced by greed, jealousy, or rivalry. Minority groups were not necessarily targeted by the Irish Republican Army (IRA) specifically as a result of identity markers like religion, politics, or social standing but these remained important identifiers, variously competing with or complementing other local and national factors.
The Knights and the Unions
Authors: Parfitt Steven
Published: May 2017

Between 1880 and the 1900 the British labour movement started to become a truly mass movement. British, Irish and American Knights all played a role in that transformation. This chapter explores how they, and their calls for the representation of workers of all trades within the labour movement, influenced the rise of the “new unionism” between 1886 and 1891. But this chapter also emphasises the degree to which the British and Irish Knights were undone by opposition from rival trade unions, first the skilled unions and then, as new unions appeared, from them as well. As in the United States, conflict with the unions became a major reason for the decline of the British and Irish Knights.
The Fall of a Transnational Movement
Authors: Parfitt Steven
Published: May 2017

Only four years separated the peak membership of the British and Irish assemblies from their end. This chapter addresses the decline of the Knights of Labor in Britain and Ireland and the events that led to their dissolution. It begins with the changing nature of the relationship between the British and Irish assemblies and headquarters in Philadelphia. That relationship, so beneficial when American Knights went from victory to victory and aided their overseas brethren, turned sour in the 1890s as that assistance ceased. Financial scandals, splits within the assemblies, and the economic downturn of the mid-1890s all contributed to the decline of the British and Irish Knights. The chapter ends with what fragments survive of their last two years’ history.
We Other Clerks
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

Looks at McGahern’s essay ‘Dubliners’ and its admiration for Joyce’s classical style. Then goes on to look at how Joyce was an important early influence on McGahern, stressing in particular the crossover between Joyce’s A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man and McGahern’s The Dark. Goes on to think about Joyce’s short essay ‘Giacomo Joyce’ and how it is present in ‘My Love, My Umbrella’ before finishing with some thoughts on overlap between Joyce’s story ‘A Painful Case’ and McGahern’s ‘My Love, My Umbrella’.
The Fume of Muscatel
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

Returning to W. B. Yeats, this chapter dwells over a reading of Yeats’s great meditation on death and the afterlife, ‘All Souls’ Night’, and how it is used by McGahern to write one of his finest short stories, ‘The Wine Breath’. In the process of doing this it also looks at Yeats’s short story ‘The Old Men of the Twilight’ and his play The Land of Heart’s Desire. This is also the first chapter that begins to think closely about McGahern’s final novel That They May Face the Rising Sun.
Absurdity
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

Here McGahern’s interest in existentialism and absurdity is examined. In particular is it suggested that he is conscious of Albert Camus and his Myth of Sisyphus as well as The Outsider. That interest in Camus ties in to McGahern’s admiration for Samuel Beckett: these duel influences can be seen in stories like ‘The Creamery Manager’’, ‘Swallows’ and ‘Wheels’.
Aristocracy
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

Taking as its starting point Andrew Marvell’s great poem of Big House life, ‘Upon Appleton House’, this chapter looks at an abiding interest held by McGahern in ideas of aristocracy and social rank. It demonstrates that Marvell is alluded to in both the haymaking scenes of Amongst Women and of That They May Face the Rising Sun and draws attention to Marvell’s devotion to Cromwell, an historical figure important to the history of McGahern’s home patch of North Roscommon. The chapter then goes on to concentrate of Yeats’s poem ‘The Curse of Cromwell’ and his late play Purgatory, so admired by McGahern.
Conclusion
Authors: Shovlin Frank
Published: May 2017

The short conclusion returns once more to Yeats for its title and argues for McGahern’s enduring power as a writer. It suggests that by reading McGahern one is forced into a greater understanding of the world and of oneself, however painful that understanding may prove.
The TV Mini-series as Historical Memory: From 23-F [February 23, The King’s Most Difficult Day] (TVE-1, 2009) to Marisol (Antena 3, 2009)
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: May 2017

Part I, devoted to Spain, consists of four chapters on major topics and texts, broadcast by both public and private channels. Chapter 1 treats the genre of the mini-series as historical memory in two examples that blur the boundary between fact and fiction. After sketching out the still fraught debate over the heritage of dictatorship and transition to democracy, the chapter first focuses on a dramatization of an attempted military coup, which drew the largest audience in Spanish television history and marked the first time that the King had been depicted by an actor in the medium. The second case study is of a controversial biopic of the greatest singing star of the late Francoist period, who embodies the tensions of the transition.
Youth Culture on Television: El internado [The Boarding School] (Antena 3, 2007–10), Física o química [Physics or Chemistry] (Antena 3, 2008–11)
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: May 2017

Chapter 3 begins with a survey of the youth genre in Spain, a topic little studied in comparison with the US. It goes on to suggest that two titles, once more the object of bitter attack from Spanish critics and politicians, stage an unexpected working through of vital social issues for their youthful audiences. Thus one mystery narrative mounts an elaborate allegory of the historical memory debate, even obliquely alluding to the controversy over the excavation of mass graves of war victims. Another high school drama, hitherto held to be exploitative and even responsible for teen riots, explores youthful homosexuality and immigration in ways that clearly qualify as ethically serious, as well as politically progressive
Postcolonial TV: El tiempo entre costuras [The Time In Between] (Antena 3, 2013–14); El Príncipe (Telecinco, 2014)
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: May 2017

Chapter 4, the last on Spain, deals with post-colonial TV, a subject as yet little studied. Having explored the halting media relationship between the Spanish metropolis and its one time Moroccan protectorate, the chapter gives a close account of two exceptional series. The first is a lush historical romance set in the 1930s, which takes the woman’s work of sewing as a metaphor for international relations. The second is a gritty police drama exploring the drug and terror gangs in the contemporary Spanish enclave of Ceuta. Both series are shot and set in North Africa, a region that embodies a bloody heritage for Spain and which recent cinema has failed to investigate.
Aesthetic TV: Soy tu fan [I’m Your Fan] (Canal 11, 2010–12), Pacientes [Patients] (Canal 11, 2012–13)
Authors: Smith Paul Julian
Published: May 2017

Chapter 6 begins by addressing in detail the Anglo-American debate on aesthetics in TV studies. It goes on to argue that a Mexican revisionist romantic comedy (shot by movie directors and starring a movie actress) can be read as an example of “centrifugal” cinematic television that expands its initial premise to embrace wide ranging social contexts. Conversely, a second series (a small scale drama on group therapy) is “centripetal,” burrowing into the complex psychologies of its characters. Both series thus engage in very different kinds of complexity that have, nonetheless, been linked to the aesthetics of quality television.
Drills, Fights and Defence
Authors: Mulvenna Gareth
Published: May 2017

Chapter One examines the forebears of the Tartan gangs in Belfast throughout the Twentieth-Century, demonstrating that youth sectarian conflict had a strong lineage in the city. The chapter also examines the role of the Boys’ Brigade as a restraining influence on young men during this period, and the strong focus which was placed on a culture of militarism in Protestant working-class communities through involvement with church-led organisations and political enterprises such as the Young Citizen Volunteers during the period of the Irish Home Rule Crises. The chapter also demonstrates how memory and ‘ethno-memory’ are crucial facets in understanding the manner in which the Protestant working-class would respond in defending their communities at the beginning of the Northern Ireland ‘Troubles’.
Football, Flags and Fighting (1970–71)
Authors: Mulvenna Gareth
Published: May 2017

Chapter Three places the oral histories in the context of the growth of republican violence and in particular focuses on the last weekend of June 1970, when events occurred which led to the formation of the UVF in East Belfast and the organisation of a small militant grouping of young loyalists in North Belfast which would become known as the Red Hand Commando. The chapter explains the importance of John McKeague as a leading loyalist and the way in which his protest against nationalist residents at the Unity Flats interface at the foot of the Shankill Road in 1970 became an ongoing focal point for young loyalists, most notably Tartans and Linfield supporters who were eager to vent their frustrations at the declining security situation in Northern Ireland. Furthermore, the chapter describes how the Tartan movement gained momentum as the first half of 1971 proved to be a dire period for Ulster Protestants.
Convergence (1972)
Authors: Mulvenna Gareth
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the convergence between the nascent loyalist paramilitaries, most notably the Red Hand Commando and Young Citizen Volunteers, with the Tartan gangs which had been so prominent throughout 1971. The ‘backlash’ which had been mentioned so often in the press began to become a reality as the loyalist assassination campaign began in earnest and a forceful and frightening subculture gained momentum. A large number of militant loyalists took to the streets and were given the approval of politicians such as William Craig, the former Stormont Minister of Home Affairs.
Avant-Folk: Small Press Poetry Networks from 1950 to the Present
Authors: Hair Ross
Published: May 2017

Avant-Folk is the first comprehensive study of a loose collective of important British and American poets, publishers, and artists (including Lorine Niedecker, Ian Hamilton Finlay, and Jonathan Williams) and the intersection of folk and modernist, concrete and lyric poetics within the small press poetry networks that developed around these figures from the 1950s up to the present day. This book argues that the merging of the demotic with the avant-garde is but one of the many consequences of a particularly vibrant period of creative exchange when this network of poets, publishers, and artists expanded considerably the possibilities of small press publishing. Avant-Folk explores how, from this still largely unexplored body of work, emerge new critical relations to place, space, and locale. Paying close attention to the transmission of demotic cultural expressions, this study of small press poetry networks also revises current assessments regarding the relationship between the cosmopolitan and the regional and between avant-garde and vernacular, folk aesthetics. Readers of Avant-Folk will gain an understanding of how small press publishing practices have revised these familiar terms and how they reconceive the broader field of twentieth-century British and American poetry.
Ian Hamilton Finlay: Scottish Futurist
Authors: Hair Ross
Published: May 2017

Chapter 2 examines the formative period in Ian Hamilton Finlay’s career when he encountered the work of like-minded poets in the United States, including Niedecker. Chapter 2 argues that Finlay’s use of folk forms in his poetry during the late 1950s articulates a critical response to the orthodoxies of the ‘Scottish Renaissance’ at that time. Finlay counters what he perceived as the Renaissance’s cultural myopia and literary pretensions by developing a faux-naif folk poetry that consciously evoked the doggerel of the Scottish poet William McGonagall, as well as with an early twentieth-century Russian avant-garde. In doing so, this chapter argues, Finlay strategically situates his work in an international tradition of avant-garde innovation that subverts Renaissance nationalism.
Jonathan Williams: Beyond Black Mountain
Authors: Hair Ross
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Jonathan Williams’s activities as the editor of the seminal Jargon Society press and as a poet. In both respects, this chapter argues, Williams’s reputation has been distorted as a result of his early association with Black Mountain College and the school of poetry that emerged from it in the late 1950s. Although chapter three examines Williams’s links with the college and the formative influence that its rector Charles Olson had on his poetry and his publishing, it also makes a makes a strong claim for disassociating Williams’s reputation from the exclusive, binding labels of ‘Black Mountain poet’ and ‘Black Mountain publisher.’ Williams, it is argued, expressed considerable aversion to not only being labeled a ‘Black Mountain’ poet but to being associated with any poetry school or movement. Chapter 3 examines the ways in which Williams has resisted and complicated the Black Mountain label, both in his poetry and in his publishing, by paying particular attention to his use of vernacular speech in his poetry and through an abiding fascination with what was initially an imagined England that would become more tangible as a result of his semi-annual residency in England from the late 1960s onwards.
“The World is My Country”: Emma Goldman among the Avant-Garde
Authors: Hollis Catherine W.
Published: May 2017

This essay argues that Emma Goldman’s deportation from America in 1919, and subsequent loss of citizenship, illustrates by example the truth of Virginia Woolf’s feminist statement from Three Guineas: “as a woman, I have no country.” While Woolf’s Outsider is aware of her provisional citizenship, based on patriarchal institutions like marriage, Emma Goldman experiences the consequences of citizenship via marriage in her own life. This essay contextualizes Woolf’s statement against its source in Thomas Paine’s The Rights of Man, and Goldman’s own use of Paine. The difference between “the world is my country” and “my country is the world” represents the difference between an anarchist anti-state philosophy (Goldman) and a liberal nationalism (Woolf). Nevertheless, Woolf’s vision of an Outsider’s Society is lived out in the experiences of Goldman and of other modernist women who form communities outside patriarchial institutions and relationships.
“Definite, Burly, and Industrious”: Virginia Woolf and Gwen Darwin Raverat
Authors: Bluemel Kristin
Published: May 2017

In February 1909 Virginia Woolf visited the Darwin family home in which wood engraver Gwen Darwin Raverat grew up amid a large, boisterous family that struck Woolf as having a temperament “too definite, burly, and industrious”. Woolf predicts that young Gwen will “end in 10 years time by being a strong and sensible woman, plainly clothed”; she never predicts or acknowledges Raverat’s artistic success. Focusing on Woolf’s robust correspondence in 1922-1923 with Raverat’s painter husband, Jacques Raverat, this chapter argues that Woolf’s readers will better understand what is at stake in Woolf’s literary visions of indefinite, ethereal, and leisured femininity if they also understand how Gwen Raverat’s competing aesthetic of definite, burly, and industrious femininity informs her wood engravings. This paper’s concern with Woolf’s aesthetic and her ascription to Raverat of an inferior, less feminine aesthetic is ultimately an inquiry into what can and cannot constitute women’s modern art.
“A Verbal Life on the Lips of the Living”: Virginia Woolf, Ellen Terry, and the Victorian Contemporary
Authors: Brown Jeffrey M.
Published: May 2017

This essay discusses Virginia Woolf’s enduring fascination with the life of the acclaimed Victorian actor, Ellen Terry. Drawing principally on Woolf’s biographical writing on Terry—including both extant versions of her sole play, Freshwater, as well as a 1941 retrospective essay on Terry’s career—it argues that Woolf’s understanding of Terry pivots from a historical awareness of Terry’s position within the cultural and aesthetic divide between Victorianism and high modernism to a more challenging recognition of Terry’s persistent and ephemeral contemporaneity. In her reconceiving of Freshwater and her late essay, Woolf revises her own aesthetic ideals in order to show that Terry’s mode of acting provides an antidote to the ossification of value in the imprimaturs associated with modernist forms of celebrity.
Twists of the Lily: Floral Ambivalence in the Work of Virginia Woolf and Georgia O’Keeffe
Authors: Sparks Elisa Kay
Published: May 2017

Building on recent scholarship such as Amy King’s Bloom, this chapter complicates the simple identification of female and floral beauty, revealing with particular reference to Virginia Woolf and Georgia O'Keeffe how modernist women artists re-coded flower imagery to express gender conventions covertly. Woolf’s floral imagery can be informatively compared with Georgia O’Keeffe’s similarly complicated deployment of flowers as a challenge to over-simplistic Freudian interpretations of her work; both women self-consciously manipulated, reversed, and sometimes deconstructed traditional floral symbolism in an effort to create a new female rhetoric of modernism.
Mary Sheepshanks, Virginia Stephen, and Morley College: Learning to Teach, Learning to Write
Authors: Daugherty Beth Rigel
Published: May 2017

This essay extends Sybil Oldfield’s biographical treatment of Mary Sheepshanks as it speculates about what Virginia Stephen learned at Morley College about teaching and about writing. The essay discusses Morley College and Virginia Stephen’s teaching there, particularly her teaching of composition; traces the relationship between Stephen and her principal, Mary Sheepshanks; and argues that Sheepshanks may have indirectly taught Virginia Woolf how to use pedagogy in her essays.
Picture this: Virginia Woolf in the British Good Housekeeping!? or Moving Picture This: Woolf’s London Essays and the Cinema
Authors: Hankins Leslie Kathleen
Published: May 2017

This chapter assesses the illustrations for Virginia Woolf's London Scene essays as they were first published in the British Good Housekeeping magazine, 1920–32. Are etchings, paintings, or photographs adequate for capturing Woolf's kinetic prose? No, but moving pictures are, such as the Wonderful London and Open Road series of cinema shorts from 1924.
Shop My Closet: Virginia Woolf, Marianne Moore, and Fashion Contemporaries
Authors: Gilmore Lois
Published: May 2017

Woolf’s well-documented fashion angst is read through the lens of fashion contemporaries like Marianne Moore, whose fashion (and literary) identity was supported by family and friends in a kind of female patronage, resulting in her development as a fashion icon celebrated in magazines like Harper’s Bazaar and Vogue, which printed interviews, spreads, and poetry. Keying on the ideas of individuality and identity and working with the extensive Moore collection at the Rosenbach Museum and Library (Philadelphia), this essay examines how the support of Moore’s circle enabled her to navigate and rise above the doubts that beset Woolf ‘s relationship with fashion.
Virginia Woolf and Victoria Ocampo: A Brazilian Perspective
Authors: de Oliveira Maria Aparecida
Published: May 2017

This paper aims at investigating how Woolf influenced Ocampo’s literary production; it might be through Ocampo’s Testemonies or in her journal Sur. It also our aim to analyse how Ocampo divulged Virginia Woolf’s writings in all Spanish-speaking countries through translations, lectures, publications and especially through her passion in talking about Woolf. Through Ocampo’s gaze, Woolf’s image and writing was understood in a different way, which goes beyond the European’s boundaries. This relationship has contributed tremendously for both of them, as women writers and intellectuals of their time. Ocampo’s progress as a writer had a dramatic impact after meeting Woolf. Above all, Ocampo contributed immensely for spreading Woolf’s writings.
Critical Characters in Search of an Author: Cornelia Sorabji and Virginia Woolf
Authors: Vashist Urvashi
Published: May 2017

Can a dialogic New Modernist paradigm be made to fulfill its intended potential as a literary and scholarly geomodernist geopolitical equalizer? With this question in the background, this chapter considers Woolf’s review of Cornelia Sorabji, whose Between the Twilights, an auto/biografictional 1908 account of upper-caste Hindu purdahnashin women, Woolf read and wrote on at the same time she was composing the auto/biographical, fragmentary account of her childhood published by Jeanne Schulkind in Moments of Being (1976) as “Reminiscences.” Sorabji’s equivocal, subversive, sliding strategies, chief among them a predilection to, as Woolf put it in A Room of One’s Own, “talk of something else.” are reminiscent of/evoke Woolf’s own.
“People Must Marry”: Queer Temporality in Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield
Authors: Haffey Kate
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the queer temporalities at work in the fiction of Virginia Woolf and Katherine Mansfield. The analysis draws from the work of queer theorists who have shown the various ways in which sexuality and temporality are enmeshed, from the life schedules deemed healthy for child-rearing to the bildungsroman structure that charts the passing of time as a progression from childhood through adolescence to mature adult heterosexuality. In the fiction of both Woolf and Mansfield, normative temporalities such as these are constructed in order to be questioned, interrupted, or dismantled. This chapter specifically analyses the queer narrative temporality in Virginia Woolf’s To the Lighthouse and Katherine Mansfield’s “At the Bay.” In both Woolf’s novel and Mansfield’s story, the seeming inevitability of marriage functions as a starting point through which each author develops her own unique configuration of queer time.
“Could I sue a dead person?”: Rebecca West and Virginia Woolf
Authors: Hussey Mark
Published: May 2017

Despite their claims that they did not know one another very well, Woolf and Rebecca West maintained a wary regard for one another throughout their lifetimes. To Woolf, West was a “celebrity” and also a somewhat aggressive figure; to West, Woolf was a genius and also a mad woman. In 1982, Woolf was described in the Saturday Review as “the Marilyn Monroe of American academia,” while West was profiled as “the aged virago of English intellectuals” in the New York Times. By putting recent work on literary celebrity into dialogue with Brenda Silver’s earlier theorizing of Woolf’s “iconicity,” this paper asks how West went from being “Indisputably the world’s number 1 Woman Writer” (Time, 1947) to “little more than a famous name” (Mendelson 2000), and questions the value of celebrity to a woman writer. It argues that West and Woolf mutually missed the opportunity for a fruitful intimacy.
Sexual Cryptographies and War in Virginia Woolf’s Between the Acts and Elizabeth Bowen’s The Heat of the Day
Authors: Lonnquist Barbara
Published: May 2017

This chapter examines Elizabeth Bowen’s and Virginia Woolf ’s shared use of the cryptographic in their novels bracketing World War II: Woolf’s Between the Acts (1941) and Bowen’s The Heat of the Day (1948). Although Bowen realizes a landscape only intimated by Woolf, both use war as a focalizing point for examining the intersection of history and private experience as embodied in the ages of their female protagonists.
Memorial Tribute for Jane Marcus
Authors: Camarasana Linda
Published: May 2017

This is a memorial essay to Jane Marcus. Her profound impact on Woolf studies, feminism, and literary studies and her influence as mentor and community builder creates a tremendous legacy.
Yeats, the Great Year, and Pierre Duhem
Authors: Gibson Matthew
Published: May 2017

This essay deals with the intricacies of Yeats’s development of the concept of the Great Year—one of the earliest cyclical theories of history—in the system of A Vision. After considering the workings of the gyres and Faculties, it examines how the Yeatses’ developed a “World Diagram” of a 26,000-year “cycle” in the Automatic Script, divided into twelve parts, which provides a basis for a “Great Year” with alternately primary and antithetical religious epochs. It discusses Yeats’s use of sources in Hastings’s Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics and works on early calendars and astronomy in framing the great year in A Vision (1925), as well as the mistakes he made therein. The piece then considers the role played by Sepharial’s Hebrew Astrology and Hindu sources in Yeats’s search for new analogues when preparing for the new edition. Finally, the essay examines the crucial role played by Pierre Duhem and Yeats’s specific reasons for using mainly his book on Le Système du monde (“The System of the World”) in the final articulation of the idea.
Yeats and Abstraction: From Berkeley to Zen
Authors: McDowell Colin
Published: May 2017

Yeats’s engaged in extended study of several major philosophers. Foremost of these was George Berkeley. In his recent book on Yeats and Berkeley, W. J. Mc Cormack wrote that “The advance by scholarship of Berkeley’s claims to the modern reader’s attention occurred in stated rejection of the Yeatsian exposition.” However, as this essay demonstrates, there is a strand of Berkeley scholarship, and a major strand at that, which is fully in accord with the thrust of Yeats’s interpretation. It was inaugurated by A. A. Luce, the person Mc Cormack credited with stating his rejection of Yeats’s interpretation. Yeats’s understanding of what “realism” entailed was not a simple matter, just as it was not a simple matter for Berkeley. In the letters to T. Sturge Moore, Yeats debated at length what the terms “realist” and “idealist” meant, adducing Alfred North Whitehead’s attack on abstraction in Science and the Modern World, a book which utilized Berkeley heavily. Yeats’s wish was to “see things as they are,” without abstraction, and this ambition, he realised, was only fitfully to be attained, and in order to articulate this he drew also from descriptions of Zen Buddhists who had attained enlightenment.
Introduction
Authors: McGonagle Joseph
Published: May 2017

Between 1995 and 1997 the French photographer Luc Delahaye conducted a rather peculiar project. While travelling with a concealed camera on the Paris metro, he began making hundreds of black-and-white portraits of unsuspecting passengers. Eighty of these were then published together as L’Autre (1999). A novel contribution to debates surrounding the visual representation of alterity, Delahaye’s surreptitious photography of strangers raises several legal and ethical issues. Viewers may question, for instance, who qualifies as “other” in his photography and what right, if any, a photographer has to take such photographs of others. They might also wonder whether alterity can be captured on camera at all. The metro passengers whose portraits were published are, visibly, ethnically diverse and the way their images appear can be read as a ...
From the past to the present: parameters of Jewish identity
Authors: McGonagle Joseph
Published: May 2017

This chapter analyses how Jewishness has been represented across a wide range of works since the 1980s in French visual culture. It probes especially how contemporary Jewish experience has been represented via photography and popular cinema, but also considers films set during the Occupation era, which foreground anti-Semitism and interrogate the legacies of history and memory of World War Two in contemporary France.
Conclusion
Authors: McGonagle Joseph
Published: May 2017

Work on this project began in the 2000s and, throughout the intervening years, the topicality and importance of how ethnicity – and particularly ethnic difference – is represented in France has only increased. Looking back, it was the evident gap between the equality for French citizens theoretically enshrined in the French Constitution and the patent practical inequalities that characterise contemporary French society that first intrigued me about this area. Moreover, as my research evolved, it quickly became apparent that it was within the domain of visual culture that artists, filmmakers, photographers and others have sought especially to explore some of the paradoxes and challenges such a situation presents, where a dominant political philosophy actively impedes the recognition of difference, and effectively marginalises the importance of aspects of identification deemed contrary to it....
Introduction: contemporary criticism and the untimely
Authors: Lea Daniel
Published: May 2017

This introduction outlines the critical aims of the study, identifying the authors covered and placing them within the context of post-millennial writing in Britain. It also centrally addresses the problems involved in practising literary criticism on very contemporary material, and contextualises debates around the end of the postmodern and its aftermath. It seeks to establish (and justify) a critical methodology that eschews broad synopticism in favour of close attentiveness to the reflections and refractions of one author beside another. It also introduces the themes of Materiality, Connectivity, and Authenticity that emerge repeatedly in the analyses that follow.
Ali Smith
Authors: Lea Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the writing of Ali Smith from the late 1990s to the publication of How to be Both (2014). It concentrates primarily on her novels and short stories, though some attention is paid to her occasional writings. The chapter is broken into two broad generic sections, the first addressing her short stories together, the second her novels in chronological order. Each text is given close analytical study through formal, stylistic, and thematic critique, building to an overview of an author whose moral sense of duty for the care of the other is paradoxically set against her confusion at the impenetrability of that other’s being.
Tom McCarthy
Authors: Lea Daniel
Published: May 2017

This chapter explores the writing of Tom McCarthy and situates him as one of the exciting experimental voices of contemporary British writing that is seeking to explore the limits and tolerances of the realistic. The chapter situates McCarthy within the notion of the contemporary avant-garde novel and contextualises his fictional writing alongside his non-fiction and his work as a conceptual artist. This is followed by close analysis of his fiction up to Satin Island (2015). McCarthy’s writing absorbs the cultural novelty of digital convergence, channelling the technological sublime of the 21st century back into the shell of the realist novel to examine the extent to which it any longer has representational credibility.