bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
NEBULIZED GLYCOPYRRONIUM AND FORMOTEROL, BUDESONIDE AEROSOL AERODYNAMIC ASSESSMENT WITH VIBRATING MESH AND COMPRESSOR AIR NEBULIZER: ANDERSON CASCADE IMPACTOR STUDY
Authors: Menon Mala , Naik Isha , Rajawat Gopal Singh , Nagarsenker Mangal , Krishnaprasad Korukonda
Published: November 2019

Vibrating mesh nebulizers (VMN) demonstrate improved efficiency for delivery of inhaled aerosol solutions or suspensions as compared to compressor devices. The added advantages of compactness, portability and functioning as noise-free device makes them of incremental value in Home or Ambulatory settings while managing Severe Obstructive airway disease or delivery of maintenance medications in these cases. This further circumvents the need for multiple devices thereby further improving patient compliance and convenience while delivering acute or maintenance formulations including Glycopyrronium (GLY) and Formoterol (FRM)/Budesonide(BUD) nebulizing solution formulations. To further assess the clinical role and feasibility of FRM-BUD formulation delivery kinetics  with or without GLY nebulizing solution through VMN and jet  nebulizers for In- & outpatient settings, 2 comparative in-vitro lung deposition studies were carried out utilizing Anderson Cascade impactor at 30 L/min; deposited drug concentrations in different stages were suitably collected and estimated by HPLC. Post-hoc analyses with p<0.05 was considered statistically significant for intergroup differences on FRM/BUD and GLY delivered through VMN or Compressor devices.  The calculated mean fine particle dose for FRM & BUD delivered by VMN or jet nebulizer showed no statistical difference. However the mean fine particle fraction for BUD delivered by VMN was significantly better compared to jet nebulizer than that for FRM. The Residual volume at 10 mins was significantly higher with jet nebulizer. The optimal APSD for GLY nebulizing solution admixture with FRM/BUD suspension delivered through VMN and Jet nebulizer offers a clinically relevant strategy for High risk COPD cases in Acute or Home settings.
Synthesis, Characterization, in vivo acute toxicity and superoxide anion scavenging evaluation of new isatin-hydrazone
Authors: Mokhnache Kamel , Karbab Ahlem , Madoui Soraya , Khither Hanane , Soltani EL-Khamsa , Charef Noureddine
Published: November 2019

A new isatin-hydrazone (I); N'-[(E)-(5-bromo-1H- indol-3-yl) methylidene] pyridine-4-carbohydrazide  was prepared from the condensation reaction of 5-bromo-1H-indole-3-carbaldehyde and the anti-tubercular drug; isoniazid, in the presence of acetic acid. The obtained hydrazone was identified and characterized by physico-chemical techniques such as melting point, IR, NMR, and mass spectroscopy. In addition, the acute toxicity was evaluated using mice. The antioxidant of I was evaluated against superoxide anion radical.  Our biological results indicate low toxicity of I at the high dose of 1000 mg/kg, and high superoxide anion scavenging effect with inhibition percentage of 82.57 % and IC50 138.78 µg/mL.

Keyword: hydrazone, toxicity, antioxidant, superoxide anion
A Review on Mouth Dissolving Film
Authors: Pawar Rajat , Sharma Ravi , Sharma Pravin , Darwhekar G.N.
Published: November 2019

Mouth dissolving film is the most advanced oral solid dosage form due to its flexibility and comfort in use. Mouth dissolving films are oral solid dosage form that disintegrate and dissolve within a minute when placed in mouth without taking water or chewing. This dosage form allows the medication to bypass the first pass metabolism so bioavailability of medication may be improved .Mouth dissolving film has potential to improve onset of action lower the dosing and eliminate the fear of chocking. Formulation of mouth dissolving films involves both the visual and performance characteristics as plasticized hydrocolloids, API taste masking agents are being laminated by solvent casting and semisolid casting method. Solvent casting method being the most preferred method over other methods because it offers great uniformity of thickness and films prepared having fine glossy look and better physical properties. Mouth dissolving films are evaluated for its various parameters like thickness, physical property like folding endurance, disintegration and dissolution time. This review gives an idea about formulation techniques, evaluation parameters, overview on packaging and some available marketed products of mouth dissolving films.

Keywords: Mouth dissolving film, solvent casting, fast disintegration
Formulation and Evaluation of Orodispersible Tablet of Atorvastatin Calcium by Using Hibiscus rosa sinesis Mucilage as Natural Superdisintegrant
Authors: Gupta Ashish , Bhadoria Juhi , Darwhekar G.N.
Published: November 2019

Orodispersible tablets (ODTs), also known as fast melt, quick melts, fast disintegrating have the unique property of disintegrating in the mouth in seconds without chewing and the need of water. Oral bioavailability of Atorvastatin Calcium is low (14%) and shows extensive intestinal clearance and first-pass metabolism, which is the main cause for the low systemic availability. In the present work, orodispersible tablets of Atorvastatin calcium were prepared by direct compression method using Hibiscus rosa sinesis mucilage as natural superdisintegrant with a view to enhance patient compliance and to avoid hepatic first pass metabolism and to improve its bioavailability. The prepared batches of tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content uniformity, wetting time, water-absorption ratio and in-vitro dispersion time. Short-term stability studies on the promising formulation indicated that there are no significant changes in drug content and in vitro dispersion time.

Keywords: Orodispersible tablet, Atorvastatin Calcium, lipid-lowering agent, Superdisintegrant, Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis, Bioavailability, solubility.
Bio-Analytical Method Development of Repaglinide Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Ramu B. , Chandrul Kaushal K , Pandiyan P. Shanmuga
Published: November 2019

A sensitive, specific and rapid high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet spectroscopy method was developed and successfully validated to estimate the repaglinide in rabbit plasma. The solvent extraction method was used for  repaglinide from serum by using ethyl acetate and 0.1N HCl. The mobile phase consists of acetonitrile: phosphate buffer pH 4.0 at 60:40 %v/v with 1% triethylamine at flow rate of 0.8ml/min and at fixed wavelength of 254nm. On ten minutes of run time, repaglinide was retention at 7.4min. The extraction efficiency 95% for repaglinide. The intra-day and inter-day precision was in the terms of %RSD less than 1.76%. The developed method was validated and proposed method is useful for pharmacokinetics studies. 

Keywords: Anti-diabetics, HPLC,Methanol,Phosphate buffer, Repaglinide
Formulation Development of Porous Mannitol carrier: Improving the dissolution of poorly soluble drugs
Authors: Shah Sharmila , Bodhe Roshan , Gorle Ashish
Published: November 2019

Major challenges in the design of oral dosage forms are their low solubility and low bioavailability. Improving the dissolution of these oral dosage forms are one of the most challenging tasks for the formulation scientists as most of the drug candidates are highly lipophilic in nature. Telmisartan and Ezetimibe belongs to the BCS class II, having high lipophilicity, poor water solubility and poor dissolution. The objective of this work was to improve the dissolution rate of poorly water soluble drugs by using porous carrier drug delivery system. Templating based spray drying methodology was used to prepare porous mannitol. Drug (Telmisartan, Ezetimibe) loaded porous mannitol carriers then characterized by P-XRD, DSC, SEM, BET surface area analysis and ATR-FTIR. ATR-FTIR studies showed complete removal of templating agent from carrier. P-XRD and DSC studies confirmed nano- confinement of drug in crystalline form. In vitro dissolution study results indicated that porous mannitol prepared using tartaric acid as templating agent showed significant improvement in dissolution rate than pure drugs and respective physical mixtures .These results suggest that, these porous carriers can be useful as drug carriers for improving the dissolution of lipophilic drugs.

Keywords: Templating agent, Spray drying, Mannitol, Surface area, Tartaric acid.
Physico-chemical and biological properties of dental calcium silicate cements - literature review
Authors: Ilic Dragan , Antonijevic Djordje , Biocanin Vladimir , Colovic Bozana , Danilovic Vesna , Komlev Vladimir , Teterina Anastasia , Jokanovic Vukoman
Published: November 2019

Dental cement materials have been developed with the aim to replace hard
dental tissues. The first material used for pulp capping, root canal
obturation, bifurcation perforation and apexification is calcium hydroxide
(in 1920). A half century later, glass-ionomer cements began to suppress it
as dentine substitutes. Finally, in the 1990s, calcium silicate (CS)
material appeared in the dental research community as the most promising
dentine substitute capable to adequately meet all clinical requirements. The
aim of this paper is to present an overview of literature related to studies
about CS materials taking into account their physical, chemical and
biological properties and clinical applications. This review aims to discuss
beneficial and adverse characteristics of CSs concerning interactions to the
hard dentine and soft pulp/periodontal tissues. This review article deals
with the literature data about currently commercially available CS
concerning laboratory and clinical findings. 109 scientific articles were
analyzed of which 62 references reported in vitro and 26 in vivo
investigations while 21 references comprised reports, reviews and books
dealing with both, in vitro and in vivo investigations. Although further
data collection is necessary, CSs are promising materials that represent a
gold standard for numerous dental clinical procedures.
Analysis of new forms of orifice plates using computational fluid dynamics
Authors: Halas Dragan , Bera Oskar , Omorjan Radovan , Rajic Aleksandar , Jasin Danijela
Published: November 2019

In many technologies, such as process industry or water supply, there is a
need to measure fluid flowrates. Orifice plates are the most common
instruments for measuring the fluid flowrate through pipelines due to their
many advantages. On the other side, their use increases operating costs of
industrial plants and pipelines. In this work, three new forms of orifice
plates were designed and tested. These new forms and one standard, which
served as a reference, were designed by using the SolidWorks software
package. The aim of the new designs was energy savings, and consequently
reduction of operating costs. Energy savings can be achieved by such a
design, which decreases the orifice plate resistance an element of the
pipeline. This was achieved by increasing the open part of the orifice plate
permitting the fluid flow. CAD models of orifice plates were transferred to
STL files that were further used for CFD simulation as well as 3D printing
of experimental replicas. According to the proposed algorithm, the new
designs were tested by CFD simulation performed in the COMSOL Multiphysics
software package, by using a finite-difference method. Equations used were
based on the Reynolds form of Navier-Stokes equations (RANS,
Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes), and the continuity equation for
incompressible fluids. Next, as we have proposed in our algorithm of
development of new orifice plate designs, experimental orifice plates were
made by using 3D printing technology and FDM (Fused Deposition Modeling)
procedure and tested at laboratory conditions. The results of laboratory
tests were compared with the results of CFD simulation. A considerable
amount of energy saving was indicated, which was achieved already by the
first of the three new orifice plate forms (V1) as compared to the reference
(V0). For the other two proposed forms, the effect of energy savings was
considerably lower. By using CFD simulation, data can be obtained based on
which a decision can be made whether the new shape of the measuring device
should be corrected or is appropriate for further laboratory tests. Based on
the presented results it can be concluded that the proposed testing
algorithm proved useful in designing new forms of orifice plates.
Accounting Information Aggregation and Managerial Cooperation
Authors: Marinich Eric
Published: November 2019

Managers in decentralized organizations often face incentives against cooperation. In these situations, accounting information can increase cooperation when it reveals the cooperativeness of other managers' prior actions. The extent to which accounting information reveals other managers' prior actions, however, can depend on its aggregation. This study provides theory-consistent experimental evidence of the effects of accounting information aggregation on managerial cooperation when managers face incentives against cooperation. Based on the psychology theory of non-consequential reasoning, I predict and find that managerial cooperation is higher when accounting information is aggregated than when it is disaggregated. When accounting information is aggregated and does not reveal the cooperativeness of managers' prior actions, individuals frame the decision to cooperate as a group decision and prefer cooperation because it is the only action that leads to the best group outcome.

JEL Classifications: D81; M4.
Bridging Gaps and Understanding Disparities in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus to Improve Perinatal Outcomes
Authors: Daneshmand Sean S. , Stortz Sharon , Morrisey Robin , Faksh Arij
Published: November 2019

IN BRIEF For a woman who is facing financial, cultural, psychological, or social challenges, discovering that she has gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a significant burden. By better understanding challenges underserved women with GDM face, multidisciplinary clinical teams can make essential changes in health care delivery to optimize outcomes not just during pregnancy, but also, equally importantly, beyond pregnancy to prevent long-term disease.
PENDIDIKAN BUDAYA DAN KARAKTER BANGSA PADA PROSES PEMBELAJARAN SENI TARI & DRAMA
Authors: Ramlan Ramlan , Permana Jaka
Published: November 2019

Facing the nation issue which is considered associated with the failure of the government in the education sector, on the new Nation Curriculum concept (Kurikulum 2013), there are so many highly thigs containing the character building concept. It became the new challenge for the teachers to quickly change the old mindset that teaching is just to make people smart, but they should give priority to build the students’ characters. The fact from the field is that to change the minset of the teacher is not easy. There are so many researches has been done, that teachers still teaching with old habits or inconventional ways.This is a Research and Development ( R&D ) to character building concept and cultural arts education, especially on dance and drama studies. His research is done towards teachers and elementary students. Through the steps of R&D’s research methods which have olready resulted a Model of Learning Dance and Drama that could be used by the teachers to teach Dance and Drama lesson in school that could help them to build the student’s character.
PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN BAMBOO DANCING (TARI BAMBU) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR IPS SISWA SDN 1 CIPEDES
Authors: Sutarna Nana , Kusdiana Dian
Published: November 2019

This research is based on the writer's anxiety about student learning outcomes that are still under KKM. The purpose of this study to determine the effect of learning models bamboo dancing (bamboo dance) on the results of learning IPS class V SDN 1 Cipedes. Learning model of bamboo dancing (bamboo dance) and learning result are the variables studied. This research uses experimental method with quasi experimental design nonequevalent control group design that is two classes of experimental research (treated) and control (without treatment). After doing the calculations, the results of this study indicate an increase in learning outcomes IPS class V students by using learning models of bamboo dancing (bamboo dance), namely; (1) before being treated the average score of students' learning achievement of 53.49; (2) after being treated the mean value of student learning result of IPS is 82,06 and (3) the mean of posttest of experiment class is 82,06 and the mean of posttest of control class is 71,69. From the calculation result, the average value of the experimental class is better than the control class. So it can be concluded that the learning model of bamboo dancing (bamboo dance) improves the learning outcomes of IPS students of SDN 1.Cipedes.
THE MODE OF ‘MUST’ IN THE MODALITY OF NECESSITY IN ENGLISH AND ITS EQUIVALENTS IN INDONESIAN
Authors: Novan Setiawan Nugraha Deden , Sobarna Cece , Mahdi Sutiono , Darmayanti Nani
Published: November 2019

The analysis of this research basically concern issue of the cultural in the context of the mode of ‘must’ in the modality of necessity in English and its equivalents in Indonesia. The method used in this research is descriptive research method. The data taken in the form of written language manner with consideration that written manner shows more consistent characteristics in usage of the sentence structure and word choice as well. The data is taken from novels in English and also in the form of its translation in Indonesian. Syntactically, the result of the analysis shows thatthe mode of ‘must’ is actualized in modal forms (modals/modal auxiliaries) refers to ‘the rules for modal verbs’. Modal patterns, in general, used M + Vinf, where modals are always followed by infinitives or main verbs. Semantically, the mode of must is the expression of logical necessity and belongs to an epistemic modality that has a subjective meaning of certainty. The disclosure of epistemic modalities is indicated by the arising of the speaker's certainty involving his knowledge or his beliefs. The equivalent mode must in Indonesian becomes 'must' .
LOOKING FOR ALTERNATIVE ONLINE PROMOTION STRATEGY IN VIRTUAL STORE BALERINA BEAUTY SHOP: AN APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS
Authors: Abdillah Fatimah
Published: November 2019

Technology through the internet changes human lifestyle and culture. Ease access to the internet is major support for developing the e-commerce industry. However, in some online companies, not only the internet but also other supporting factors are needed to grow, such as alternative marketing strategies. In the case of Balerina beauty shop, the decreasing number of its visitors for months became the main concern. The company chooses promotional focus as the strategy to deal with visitor problems. Previous research in e-business and analytical hierarchy processes (AHP) issues have not been a concern to promotion strategy, so this study aims to explore the application of analytical hierarchy processes (AHP) in virtual stores and find elements that support online promotion strategies. This study uses a qualitative and quantitative approach. The results of the study indicate that the company has implemented an online promotion strategy such as web promotion with the CPC system, price discounts, social networking systems, smartphone applications, and online group discussions. Actors who play a main role in the company when making strategic decisions are directors, marketing managers, and IT departments. The marketing strategy of the company purposes to increase sales, consumers' awareness, competition, and information dissemination. AHP results show that alternative strategies for the progress of the company, based on priority ranking, are markets, search engine optimization, web advertising, and direct mail. For further development in performance, giving priority to the development of IT skills can be applied.
Estimation and Minimization of the Cramer-Rao lower bound for radio direction-finding on the azimuth and elevation of planar antenna arrays
Authors: Peshkov Ilia , Nechaev Yuri
Published: November 2019

In this paper an approach of obtaining optimal planar antenna arrays consisting of omnidirectional sensors is proposed. The novelty of the proposed approach is to apply an exact expression of the Cramer-Rao lower bound for an arbitrary planar antenna array consisting of a number of omnidirectional elements which has been presented in the further chapters of the paper. The obtained formula describes the influence of antenna elements locations on the direction-of-arrival estimation accuracy. It has been shown that the direction-of-arrival accuracy via planar antenna arrays is determined as the sum of squares of differences between all omnidirectional elements coordinates along x- and y-axis. Thus knowing an expected area or sector of signal source it is very easy to calculate optimal arrangement of antenna elements in order to reduce direction-finding errors, because obtained by that way positions gives the best match according to the maximum likelihood criterion. It is worth nothing that such antenna arrays are useful in the way that they allow estimating the coordinates of radio emission sources in the three-dimensional coordinate space, i.e. in azimuth and elevation. In order to confirm the proposed methodology optimal antenna arrays constructed after minimization of the new formulas are researched. It is found out that the new shapes of antenna arrays based on the analytical expressions have better direction-of-arrival accuracy in comparison with the circular ones.
Selection of electrodes for monitoring protection systems of ships’ steel hulls and machinery
Authors: Ястребов Дмитрий , Yastrebov Dmitry , Белов Олег , Belov Oleg , Швецов Владимир , Shvetsov Vladimir , Белавина Ольга , Belavina Olga
Published: November 2019

The article considers the problems of ship structures exposed to adverse conditions, which contribute to the failure of important mechanisms and reduce the service life of steel parts

of machines. One of the most important reasons for the ship structures wear is corrosion. The experience of choosing the electrodes to control the sacrificial protection systems on board ships is presented. There are presented the results of measuring the potential of the hull of the boat ROOM 52-22 at a given control point, using a multimeter MASTECH MY 62 and two control electrodes. The first control electrode is of in-house design; it was made of electric carbon product for electric machines. A standard portable silver chloride reference electrode was used as a second electrode. Both electrodes have been in operation for 3 years. The vessel under consideration was in a long-term parking mode. Control measurements were performed from 23.05 - 07.07.2019, while monitoring the potential of the hull three times a day using several parallel measurements. The time interval between parallel potential measurements made ≈ 5 seconds. The potential of the hull was measured by a specially trained operator. The accuracy of measurements was estimated using the coefficient of variation. Analysis of the studies justified that the accuracy of the control results of the protective anticorrosion systems on ships depends on the choice of the type of control electrode. It has been found that the efficiency of the silver chloride electrode has a strong impact on its operation life. The results of full-scale corrosion studies can be used by ship crews to justify the selection

of control electrodes.
Technogenic risks of building and operation of oil and gas complexes in offshore area of the Caspian Sea
Authors: Панасенко Николай , Panasenko Nikolay , Синельщиков Алексей , Sinel'schikov Aleksey , Яковлев Павел , Yakovlev Pavel
Published: November 2019

The article touches upon the problem of technogenic risks arising in the course of building and operating oil and gas complexes in the Caspian Sea taking into account the adoption of the Con-vention on the legal status of the Caspian Sea and regulation of the territorial division of the Caspian Sea. Technological risks are presented from the position of safety of industrial facilities in the offshore area and in the coastal zone, the impact of these facilities on the ecology of the Caspian is considered. The risk analysis was carried out taking into account world experience, as well as incidents that occurred at the offshore oil and gas production facilities in the Caspian Sea. There has been presented the layout of oil and gas fields at the bottom of the Caspian Sea and the division of the bottom based on adopting the Convention. A general description of the Caspian Sea has been given; unique features of the Caspian and the most unexplored seismic effects have been stated. It has been recommended to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the state of the seabed according to seismological, mud, volcanic and engineering-geological conditions; to develop measures for preventing and reducing the damage from hazardous natural processes and exploitation of oil and gas fields; to forecast the fluctuations of the Caspian Sea level, taking into account today’s economic activity; to study the natural and technogenic factors determining the environmental safety of the Caspian Sea; to monitor seismic phenomena, crustal movement in zones of tectonic faults at the sea bottom, etc. The speed and direction of wind currents in the Caspian Sea have been analyzed. The maps of mud volcanoes location in the Caspian basin (located on land, hidden and identified by seismic, geological, geophysical and geochemical methods, etc.) are illustrated. Conclusions are made about the high risks for developing hydrocarbon deposits in the Caspian Sea basin. There is the need to take into account environmental requirements and standards, to use modern technologies, to prevent incidents at offshore oil and gas production facilities.
The Experience of Living and the Fear of a Repetition of the State of Humiliation in Conjunction with the Personal Characteristics of University Students
Authors:   Kazan Innovative University (IEML), Suleimanov Ramil Failovich , Fakhurdinova Venera Shavketovna ,   Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University
Published: November 2019

The study discusses the problem of humiliation of young people, the impact of the state of humiliation on the manifestation of their personal characteris-tics. The relevance of the topic is due to the frequent cases of bullying, manifested in the humiliation of students, which negatively affects the socio-psychological processes of society. The sample included university students (N = 70, 59 girls and 11 boys) aged 17 to 20 years. Two parameters of humil-iation were studied: the impact of past humiliation (VPU) and the fear of being humiliated (SBU) (L. Hartling). As personal characteristics, the motivation of approval (D. Marlowe, D. Crown), emotional empa-thy (A. Mehrabian, M. Epstein), typological character-istics of the personality (K. Jung) were considered. The results indicate the influence of personal char-acteristics on the humiliation of the subjects. The motivation for approval had the greatest impact on the VPU and SBU. The more subjects get approval and praise from others, the less they are concerned about past experience of humiliation and fear of humiliation. Approval, praise somehow compensate for the fear of humiliation. Emotional empathy, man-ifested in sympathy for others, causes fear of being humiliated by the subjects themselves. Extroversion reduces the fear of humiliation, and negative past experience of humiliation affects the demonstration of closure (introversion). The results of the study can be used by school and university psychologists in their work to reduce the negative consequences of humiliation in high school students and to form psychological resistance to their manifestations in them.
Development of a System of Tasks for Work with Literary Text in History of English Literature Class Based on B. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Educational Objectives
Authors:   Yaroslavl State Pedagogical University, Slobodskaya Yuliya Vladimirovna
Published: November 2019

The paper focuses on organization of literary text interpretation and analysis in classes of the academ-ic discipline “The History of the English Literature” based on the taxonomy of educational objectives by an American educational psychologist Benjamin Bloom as one of the conditions for a bachelor stu-dent to acquire education programme knowledge in university. In light of modernization of education and adoption of new Federal State Educational Standards in Russia, the development of a system of tasks that involve mental operations ranging from simple reproduction of facts to complex processes of analysis and evaluation can become one of the ways to tackle problems related to development of students’ universal competencies, management of teaching and learning process of knowledge acqui-sition and skills formation, training of highly quali-fied specialists in the sphere of pedagogy.
Qual o diagnóstico?
Authors: de Oliveira Dietrich Cristiano
Published: November 2019

Paciente do sexo masculino, 60 anos, referenciado para ablação de arritmia ventricular sintomática apesar da terapia com amiodarona. Portador de miocardiopatia dilatada crônica pós-miocardite com terapia otimizada e classe funcional II. Estudo eletrofi siológico prévio demonstrou ritmo sinusal com padrão de bloqueio de ramo esquerdo (BRE)(QRS = 150 ms), intervalo HV de 50 ms e ausência de indução de taquiarritmia ventricular. Pela extrassistolia ventricular (20% Holter 24 h), foi submetido à ablação. Registro inicial do eletrocardiograma (ECG) e do intervalo HV demonstrados na Fig. 1. Durante o mapeamento, verifi cou-se o achado apresentado na Fig. 2. Como isso se explica?
Cuarta revolución industrial (4.0.) o ciberindustria en el proceso penal: revolución digital, inteligencia artificial y el camino hacia la robotización de la justicia
Authors: Barona Vilar Silvia
Published: November 2019

El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar la irrupción de la cuarta revolución industrial (4.0.) y sus consecuencias, especialmente la inteligencia artificial, en la justicia en general, y en la penal en particular. La incorporación de sistemas de expertos, algoritmos y modelos computacionales en el asesoramiento, predicción y toma de decisiones judiciales es ya una realidad. Se avizora una inquietante situación con la posibilidad de la robotización judicial o el juez robot (máquina inteligente) en sustitución del juez persona, que crea una cognición artificial que plantea dudas acerca de la individualización de la pena, de la posible responsabilidad de la máquina, la sensibilidad de víctimas especialmente vulnerables o grupos deprimidos, la ética, la afectación de derechos de las personas, la fiabilidad, etc.
La ejecución de los acuerdos alcanzados en el marco de un procedimiento de mediación: diferentes continentes, diferentes soluciones y un objetivo -aparentemente- común
Authors: Esplugues Carlos
Published: November 2019

Las ADR/MASC han dejado hoy de ser mecanismos alternativos a la justicia estatal para pasar a ser entendidas como complementarias a esta, alterando de tal suerte la propia noción de acceso a la justicia. Dentro de esta categoría genérica, la mediación constituye hoy la institución que atrae mayor interés doctrinal y práctico y que, de alguna manera, refleja también de forma más nítida las ventajas que, se entiende, acompañan a este tipo de mecanismos. Anclada directamente en la voluntad de las partes, la mediación presenta como uno de sus puntos débiles la necesidad de asegurar la ejecutabilidad del acuerdo alcanzado por ellas en el marco de un procedimiento de mediación. Si bien existe coincidencia en la necesidad de no hacerlo depender exclusivamente de la voluntad de las partes, el estudio de las diversas soluciones legislativas existentes refleja la presencia de diferencias notables entre ellas, tanto en su filosofía como en las soluciones diseñadas. Ello se hace especialmente patente al contrastar la postura mayoritariamente mantenida en la Unión Europea, que subordina la ejecución del acuerdo a su previa homologación por una autoridad pública. Con la presente en las normativas iberoamericanas, donde resulta habitual que el acuerdo venga dotado de fuerza ejecutiva directa.
Prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in blue-collar workers: association with individual and lifestyle-related factors
Authors: Moreira-Silva Isabel , Azevedo Joana , Rodrigues Sandra , Ventura Nuno , Seixas Aderito , Mota Jorge
Published: November 2019

This study aimed to investigate the 12-month and 7-day prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in different body regions and its association with individual (age, gender and BMI) and lifestyle-related (physical activity level and sitting time) factors among blue-collar workers of a Portuguese manufacturing company. One hundred and thirty-six blue-collar workers participated in the study. Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed with the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, and physical activity level and sitting time were assessed with IPAQ-Short Version. The 12-month prevalence was higher in the low back (56.6%), followed by the wrist/hand (50%), the shoulder (45.6%) and the neck (44.9%). In the last 7 days, the four most affected body regions were: the low back region (25%), the shoulders (20.6%) and the neck and wrist/hands (19.9%). Regarding individual factors, significant associations were found between age and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the shoulder (p=0.034), elbow (p=0.033), wrist/hand (p=0.030), thigh/hip (p=0.008), neck (p=0.010) and the low back region (p=0.045), with the older workers reporting higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Also, women reported a significant higher prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in the neck than men (p=0.025). Overweight and obese workers had a significantly higher prevalence of symptoms in the shoulder (p=0.003), wrist/hands (p=0.030) and neck (p=0.033). Regarding lifestyle-related factors, no significant associations were found between physical activity level or sitting time (p>0.05) and the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in any of the body regions. To conclude, blue-collar workers have a high prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms. Individual factors like age, gender and BMI seem to influence the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in different body regions, but lifestyle-related factors such as the physical activity level and sitting time seem not to be associated with the prevalence of musculoskeletal symptoms in studied sample. The results emphasize the need of workplace interventions to prevent musculoskeletal symptoms in this population.
Codificación y buenas prácticas. Crítica a la delimitación de las humanidades digitales en América Latina.
Authors: Priani Saisó Ernesto
Published: November 2019

El artículo se propone analizar las estrategias adoptadas para entender el desarrollo de la comunidad de Humanistas Digitales (DH) en latinoamérica, con el propósito de reflexionar sobre el papel asignado a las buenas prácticas y al uso de estándares para describir el campo de las humanidades digitales, con especial interés en el uso de las guías TEI. La tesis principal es que buenas prácticas y estándares han sido utilizados con un carácter normativo para integrar una comunidad de practicantes de las humanidades digitales, obviando la discusión sobre la articulación epistemológica entre métodos, herramientas y objetos de conocimiento. Sostengo que esta estrategia de privilegiar buenas prácticas y estándares con un carácter normativo, conlleva problemas de eliminación de variantes locales de investigación, dependencia tecnológica y académica, que no son deseables para las HD en la región.
El rol de los porteros y las porteras en dos hospitales sevillanos en el Antiguo Régimen Castellano
Authors: Rivasplata Varillas Paula Ermila
Published: November 2019

En el Antiguo Régimen Castellano, las porteras ejercieron un papel de control en el acceso y salida del hospital de personas y cosas que se incrementó después del Concilio de Trento. En los hospitales donde había enfermos de ambos sexos, la separación estaba determinada por otra portería en el interior del edificio donde estaba el área femenina la cual estaba vigilada por una portera. Una puerta y un torno rígidamente controlados detrás de las cuales mujeres preparaban todo lo que necesitaba el hospital en cuanto a alimentación y limpieza de la ropa de los enfermos y enfermas, así como de todo el personal del hospital. Se analiza el caso de algunos hospitales sevillanos.
Atrakcyjność centrów handlowych jako miejsc dokonywania zakupów i korzystania z oferty usługowej w opinii respondentów
Authors: Szymańska Anna Irena
Published: November 2019

Zasadniczym celem niniejszego artykułu była identyfikacja kluczowych determinant warunkujących określone intencje zachowań konsumentów w zakresie wyboru centrów handlowych jako miejsc korzystania z oferty handlowo-usługowej. Identyfikacja ta oparta była na analizie dostępnej literatury przedmiotu oraz weryfikacji siły oddziaływania wybranych determinant na intencje określonych zachowań konsumentów. W artykule postawiono trzy hipotezy badawcze H1, H2 i H3, a także zaproponowano model teoretyczny, który następnie poddano procesowi weryfikacji z wykorzystaniem modelowania strukturalnego (SEM). Opracowany model poddano również analizie w zakresie poziomu rzetelności oraz dobroci dopasowania. W oparciu o przeprowadzone analizy statystyczne można stwierdzić, że zmodyfikowany model równań strukturalnych nie był satysfakcjonujący i wymaga dalszej uwagi. W toku prowadzonych analiz odrzucono hipotezę H2. Uzyskanie pozytywnej weryfikacji postawionych wstępnie hipotez badawczych H1 i H3 wymaga dalszych badań. W związku z tym nie da się jednoznacznie stwierdzić, że czynniki osobiste oraz lokalizacja w istotny statystycznie sposób wpływają na intencje zachowań konsumentów w zakresie wyboru centrum handlowego jako miejsca korzystania z oferty handlowo-usługowej. W modelowaniu wykorzystano dane pozyskane w ramach badań empirycznych przeprowadzonych na grupie 424 respondentów. Natomiast obliczenia wykonano z wykorzystaniem modułu SEPATH w programie Statistica 13.
W kierunku normalizacji wyników badań o handlu detalicznym. Próba reklasyfikacji działalności handlowej
Authors: Mayer-Wydra Magdalena
Published: November 2019

Artykuł dotyczy ważnego problemu pozyskiwania danych o handlu detalicznym oraz możliwości porównywania wyników badań realizowanych w oparciu o inwentaryzację terenową. Problem wynika z zaobserwowanej przez autorkę ogromnej dywersyfikacji typologizacji działalności handlowej w badaniach naukowych oraz braku jednoznacznych definicji pojęć: sklep, punkt handlowy i innych, jakimi posługują się badacze w procesie inwentaryzacji. Cel pracy jest następujący: autorka, w oparciu o liczne inwentaryzacje (z różnych okresów) dokonała alternatywnej wobec PKD typologizacji handlu detalicznego. Istotą prezentowanej typologii jest możliwość poszerzania i pogłębiania wielopoziomowej typologii handlu, w zależności od potrzeb badacza. Wielopoziomowość umożliwia odpowiedzi na różny zakres pytań naukowych – od branżowości punktu sprzedaży po określenie jego struktury funkcjonowania (dyskont, galeria handlowa itd.). Równocześnie podkreśla się, że typologia nie jest zamknięta w obrębie stacjonarnych form handlu. W tekście omówiono metody pozyskiwania danych w zakresie handlu detalicznego, ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem metod inwentaryzacyjnych. Kolejno przeprowadzono analizę poziomu zgodności pomiędzy publicznymi danymi statystycznymi a wynikami autorskiej inwentaryzacji terenowej na przykładzie trzech miast różnej skali: Nysy, Bielska-Białej i Wrocławia. W oparciu o zebrane surowe dane statystyczne dokonano typologizacji działalności handlu detalicznego – jako kroku w dążeniu do ujednolicenia badań inwentaryzacyjnych.
Nasycenie gospodarki turystyką a poziom rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego w małych rozwijających się państwach wyspiarskich
Authors: Jasiński Michał
Published: November 2019

Przedmiotem artykułu jest zbadanie stopnia nasycenia gospodarki turystyką i poziomu rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego w 29 małych rozwijających się państwach wyspiarskich. Stopień nasycenia gospodarki turystyką wyznaczono przy zastosowaniu wskaźnika Tourism Penetration Index (TPI) – indeksu, którego konstrukcja opiera się na trzech płaszczyznach: ekonomicznej, społeczno-kulturowej i przestrzennej. Poziom rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego wyznaczono w oparciu o wskaźnik rozwoju społecznego (Human Development Index, HDI) i zamożności (dochód narodowy na osobę). Przeprowadzone analizy wykazały, że gospodarki o wysokim i średnim stopniu nasycenia gospodarki turystyką charakteryzowały się wyższym poziomem rozwoju społeczno-ekonomicznego. Wyniki badania stanowią element przemawiający na korzyść (z perspektywy ekonomicznej) w dyskusji nad oceną monokultury turystycznej. Zjawiska, które zarówno w literaturze z zakresu geografii turystyki, jak i ekonomiki turystyki postrzegane jest na ogół jednostronnie negatywnie.
Przemiany w polskim przemyśle przetwórstwa rybnego
Authors: Czapliński Paweł
Published: November 2019

Przemysł przetwórstwa rybnego od kilku lat jest uważany za jeden z najszybciej rozwijających się działów przemysłu spożywczego w Polsce. Odgrywa on również znaczącą rolę w zaopatrywaniu rynku Unii Europejskiej w przetwory rybne. Istnieje jednak szereg zagrożeń dla jego dalszego funkcjonowania, tkwiących zarówno w otoczeniu zewnętrznym (bliższym i dalszym), jak i w otoczeniu wewnętrznym. Aktualne problemy krajowego przetwórstwa rybnego mają bardzo zróżnicowaną genezę. Istnieją takie, jak np. problem zaopatrzenia w surowiec, które były sygnalizowane już przed akcesją do struktur UE, ale są również nowe problemy, związane np. z niedoborem zasobów pracy czy brakiem nowoczesnego wsparcia instytucjonalnego. Rozpoznane trudności należy postrzegać nie tylko w perspektywie krótko- czy długookresowej. Warto także dostrzegać ich wagę i wzajemne relacje, które mogą wzmacniać lub osłabiać wyniki działalności gospodarczej pojedynczych podmiotów lub całego sektora. Nie bez znaczenia jest również oddzielenie zjawisk epizodycznych i cyklicznych, które mogą zakłócać poprawną interpretację trendów, zwłaszcza długookresowych. Celem pracy jest identyfikacja podstawowych problemów związanych z działalnością krajowych przedsiębiorstw przetwórstwa rybnego oraz próba określenia ich wpływu na podstawowe struktury przemysłu, w tym na strukturę produkcji, zatrudnienia, zbytu, a ostatecznie także na strukturę przestrzenną.
Produkcja taboru tramwajowego i trolejbusowego na Ukrainie na tle sytuacji taborowej przedsiębiorstw
Authors: Soczówka Andrzej , Rudakevych Ivan
Published: November 2019

Początki produkcji tramwajów na obszarze Ukrainy to okres międzywojenny, a trolejbusów – koniec lat pięćdziesiątych XX wieku. Jednakże wraz z masowymi dostawami importowanego taboru z Rosji i Czechosłowacji produkcję tych środków transportu na Ukrainie wstrzymano. Na początku lat 90. XX wieku – z powodu kryzysu ekonomicznego i problemów finansowych – dostawy zagraniczne uległy znacznemu zmniejszeniu. Sytuacja przedsiębiorstw tramwajowych i trolejbusowych pogorszyła się wraz z rozpadem ZSRR, kiedy to uległy rozerwaniu więzi gospodarcze nie tylko pomiędzy państwami Europy Środkowej i Wschodniej, ale również pomiędzy byłymi sowieckimi republikami. W tych trudnych ekonomicznie warunkach podjęto decyzję o wznowieniu na Ukrainie produkcji tramwajów i trolejbusów. Artykuł ma na celu analizę sytuacji taborowej komunikacji tramwajowej i trolejbusowej na Ukrainie po 25 latach od momentu odzyskania niepodległości, poprzez porównanie dwóch aspektów jej funkcjonowania: ukraińskiego rynku producentów taboru tramwajowego i trolejbusowego oraz sytuacji taborowej przedsiębiorstw. Jako obszar badań przyjęto granice Ukrainy sprzed 2014 roku. Badania mają charakter podstawowy i opierają się w dużej mierze na materiale zebranym przez autorów. W artykule przeanalizowano produkcję taboru na Ukrainie po 1991 roku – nie tylko opisano produkowane marki i modele, ale również przygotowano zestawienia statystyczne dotyczące wielkości produkcji i jej odbiorców. Sytuację na rynku producentów taboru porównano z sytuacją taborową tamtejszych przedsiębiorstw. Badania potwierdziły, że mamy do czynienia z kryzysem systemowym. Komunalne przedsiębiorstwa tramwajowe i trolejbusowe każdego roku generują straty i coraz większe zadłużenie. Nowy tabor kupowany jest nieregularnie i w niewielkich ilościach, co ogranicza liczbę potencjalnych dostawców, a w dodatku przy wyborze najkorzystniejszej oferty preferowany jest rodzimy producent. Tym samym nie musi on być konkurencyjny cenowo, jakościowo i technologicznie, co tylko zwiększa jego dystans rozwojowy w stosunku do czołowych producentów taboru w Europie. A z uwagi na relatywnie niską jakość produktów ze swojego portfolio musi utrzymywać się wyłącznie ze skromnych zleceń krajowych.
Upowszechnianie praktyk CSR w ramach współpracy międzynarodowych korporacji z lokalnymi firmami kraju przyjmującego
Authors: Kowalska Katarzyna
Published: November 2019

W dobie globalizacji, w której wiele firm posiada rozbudowane łańcuchy dostaw, współpraca z dostawcami jest kluczowym obszarem ograniczenia ryzyka reputacyjnego i polem do realizacji praktyk CSR. Ograniczenie ryzyka refutacyjnego oznacza konieczność prowadzenia zintegrowanych działań w całym łańcuchu dostaw oraz budowania trwałych relacji z kooperantami w oparciu o normy i standardy CSR obowiązujące obie strony transakcji. Współpraca międzynarodowych korporacji z lokalnymi przedsiębiorstwami wywołuje procesy dostosowawcze wśród dostawców (również w obszarze CSR); oznacza redystrybucję umiejętności i wiedzy do zleceniobiorców, co w praktyce pozytywnie wpływa na pozycję konkurencyjną analizowanych grup podmiotów. W artykule wykorzystano metodę opisową. Ma on na celu scharakteryzowanie współpracy międzynarodowych korporacji z lokalnymi firmami w kontekście upowszechniania praktyk CSR w łańcuchu dostaw. Przedmiotem artykułu jest współpraca międzynarodowych korporacji z firmami kraju goszczącego w ramach tzw. powiązań do tyłu (backward linkages), ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem praktyk CSR.
Rozwój przemysłu taboru kolejowego w Polsce na przełomie XX i XXI wieku
Authors: Wojtkiewicz Sebastian , Bocheński Tadeusz
Published: November 2019

Celem pracy było zbadanie rozwoju zakładów produkcji i modernizacji taboru kolejowego w Polsce. Przeanalizowano przekształcenia przedsiębiorstw zajmujących się produkcją i remontami taboru kolejowego w Polsce na przełomie XX i XXI wieku oraz wielkość produkcji taboru kolejowego w latach 2001–2016. Omówiono także eksport polskiego taboru za granicę. Produkcją, modernizacją i naprawą taboru kolejowego zajmowało się w Polsce kilkadziesiąt zakładów, w tym zakłady należące do zagranicznych koncernów, tj. Stadler, Bombardier i Greenbier. Największymi przedsiębiorstwami zajmującymi się produkcją i modernizacją taboru z rodzimym kapitałem w Polsce stały się na początku XXI wieku Pesa i Newag, nieco mniejsze znaczenie miał HCP FPS. Po kryzysie na przełomie XX i XXI wieku, wynikającym z sytuacji w PKP oraz procesów transformacji gospodarczej kraju, przemysł taboru kolejowego w Polsce zaczął się ponownie rozwijać. Duży wpływ na to miało wejście Polski do UE oraz otwarcie rynku kolejowego. Niemniej jednak upadły duże zakłady, takie jak PaFaWag i Fablok. Znacząco zmniejszyła się liczba zakładów naprawczych taboru – dawnych ZNTK, z których część upadła, a część została zrestrukturyzowana i w kilku przypadkach rozszerzyła zakres działalności.