bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Acute Respiratory Failure
Authors: Manley Nathan R. , Croce Martin A
Published: January 2021

Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is fundamentally a dysfunction of gas exchange and can be due to either inadequate carbon dioxide elimination causing hypercapnia or poor oxygen exchange and delivery causing hypoxemia. A variety of etiologies exist that cause ARF in the surgical patient, including previous lung disease, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or asthma, neurologic compromise of respiratory drive, nutritional and metabolic derangements that can alter respiratory metabolism and mechanics, direct lung injury, and infection. The type of surgery and the time since surgery are other key factors that influence medical decision making and that will influence priorities in the assessment and management of ARF. This review explores the full spectrum of ARF in the surgical patient, focusing particularly on its assessment and initial management. Figures illustrate algorithms in the approach to the surgical patient with ARF and show example radiographic images of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), a common complication. Tables summarize indications for emergent intubation, key etiologies of ARF, and the evolving definitions of acute lung injury and ARDS.
Key words: acute respiratory distress syndrome, acute respiratory failure, hypercapnia, hypoxemia, mechanical ventilation
Nutritional Management of Celiac Disease
Authors: Kelly Ciarán P , Kurada Satya , Urquiaga Mariana
Published: January 2021

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by an immune response to gluten peptides in wheat, barley, and rye. The diagnosis of celiac disease is confirmed by three important characteristics: consistent symptoms, positive celiac-specific serology, and small intestinal biopsy findings of inflammation, crypt hyperplasia, and villous atrophy. CD may present with overt gastrointestinal symptoms, including diarrhea (or constipation), weight loss, and abdominal bloating and discomfort, or covertly with micronutrient deficiencies such as iron deficiency with anemia. A gluten-free diet (GFD) remains the mainstay of treatment. The aim of this review is to highlight the pathogenesis of CD, concepts and challenges associated with a GFD, and nutritional management of CD applicable in clinical practice to internists, gastroenterologists, and dietitians. Patients should be referred to an expert celiac dietitian for education on adherence to a GFD to address gluten contamination in the diet, the psychosocial implications of following a GFD, and macro- and micronutrient disequilibria arising from celiac disease and the GFD. Several novel therapeutics are on the horizon in various stages of development, including glutenases, antigliadin antibodies, tight junction regulators, modulation of the immune response to gliadin, and efforts to engineer less toxic gluten-containing foodstuffs.
This review contains 3 figures, 5 tables, and 61 references.
Key words: celiac disease, genetic engineering, food engineering, gluten, glutenases, gluten-free diet, oats, IgY, nutrition, tight junction regulators, wheat
Management of Pediatric Urolithiasis
Authors: Young Brian J. , Tejwani Rohit , Lipkin Michael E. , Routh Jonathan C.
Published: January 2021

Urolithiasis, the formation or presence of calculi in the urinary tract, is a broad term covering a multifaceted disease process with wide-ranging clinical and economic implications. Stones, often originating in the renal papillae, may be found from the renal parenchyma through the renal pelvis, ureter, or bladder. Stones can be composed of a multitude of molecules either in pure form or mixtures of several compounds. Historically considered a disease of adults, the prevalence of stones has increased among children. This review highlights pathophysiology of urolithiasis, common clinical presentations, work-up, and surgical and medical management of this increasingly common pediatric condition. The authors review the chemical pathways by which stones form, common stone types, common operative techniques, and epidemiology.
This review contains 4 tables, and 59 references.
Key Words: extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy, kidney stones, lithotripsy, nephrolithiasis, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, pediatrics, renal calculi, ureteroscopy, urolithiasis
Diagnosis and Medical Management of Prune Belly (Triad) Syndrome
Authors: Dangle Pankaj P. , Joseph David B.
Published: January 2021

Incidence of prune belly syndrome (PBS) has remained stable for several decades; advances have been made in prenatal diagnosis with the aid of advanced US and magnetic resonance technology. Use of fetal MRI as an adjunct to US, especially in the setting of oligohydramnios, anhydramnios, and maternal obesity, makes additional imaging methods potentially beneficial. MRI is currently accepted as a valuable technique for fetal anomalies assessment. Addition of three- and four-dimensional US has improved specificity to the traditional two-dimensional imaging. The following discusses the in utero assessment, neonatal and childhood evaluation, and management of PBS.
This review contains 5 figures, 2 tables, and 48 references.
Key Words: Eagle-Barrett, fast-scanning MRI, fetal ultrasonography, in utero hydronephrosis, prune belly syndrome, triad syndrome, vesicoamniotic shunt,pediatric renal insufficiency
Ectopic Ureter: Diagnosis and Medical Management
Authors: Hester Austin , Atala Anthony
Published: January 2021

The ectopic ureter is an uncommon presentation in the pediatric population with a 6 to 1 female-to-male prevalence. From an embryologic standpoint, ectopic ureters form as a result of failure of proper development of the urogenital sinus with ectopic development of the ureteral orifice. They are most often associated with a duplicated collecting system. The location of the orifice is most commonly in the posterior urethra. Diagnosis is usually made with a combination of multiple imaging modalities, including ultrasonography, voiding cystourethrography, nuclear scintigraphy, and sometimes CT or MRI. In this review, we detail the origin of the ectopic ureter and discuss diagnosis and medical management.
 This review contains 3 figures, and 29 references.
Key words: CT, cystourethrography, ectopic ureter, MRI, renal duplication anomalies, ultrasonography, voiding nuclear scintigraphy
Ectopic Ureter: Surgical Management
Authors: Hester Austin , Atala Anthony
Published: January 2021

The ectopic ureter is an uncommon presentation in the pediatric population, seen in approximately one in 2,000 live births with a female prevalence. However, observation and conservative management have a short-lived role as many of these children are incontinent or symptomatic from an obstructed system. Urgent decompression of an infected system may be required as a temporizing measure before definitive surgical management can be pursued. In this review, we discuss the surgical options available for the ectopic ureter. This includes heminephrectomy of the nonfunctioning renal unit and reconstructive measures such as ureteral reimplantation, ureteroureterostomy, and ureteropyelostomy. We also discuss the management of the remnant ureteral stump and concomitant vesicoureteral reflux.
 
This review contains 1 figure and 35 references.
Key words: cutaneous ureterostomy, ectopic ureter, renal duplication anomalies, heminephrectomy, ureteral reimplantation, ureteropyelostomy, ureteroureterostomy
Management of Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: First-Line Therapy
Authors: Fu Simon Y.F. , Chi Kim N.
Published: January 2021

The development of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) heralds significant morbidity and an incurable condition. Since 2004, there are now six proven life-prolonging therapies available, including androgen receptor pathway inhibitor (ARPI) , chemotherapeutic agents, radiopharmaceutical, and immunotherapy for the first-line management of metastatic CRPC. Recent advances have seen enzalutamide and apalutamide approved by US FDA for the treatment of nonmetastatic CRPC, with darolutamide the latest ARPI demonstrating efficacy in nonmetastatic CRPC. ARPI is the treatment of choice in the first-line setting for most CRPC patients, and this approach has been endorsed by clinical guidelines and expert consensus, although treatment must be individualized. Advances in the molecular profiling of CRPC promise to select suitable patients for trials involving targeted therapy and identify biomarkers to guide treatment selection.
This review contains 2 figures, 1 table, and 54 references.
Keywords: abiraterone acetate, apalutamide, cabazitaxel, castration-resistant prostate cancer, docetaxel, enzalutamide, first-line treatment, radium-223, sipuleucel-T
Medical Management of Premature Ejaculation
Authors: Alzweri Laith M , Gabrielson Andrew T , Cowper Matthew G , Hellstrom Wayne J
Published: January 2021

Premature ejaculation (PE) is the most common form of male sexual dysfunction across all age groups. PE is associated with negative psychological consequences including frustration, distress, and low self-confidence, which can create an obstacle while forming new partner relationships. Given the subjective and highly variable nature of sexual dysfunction, there are multiple and often inconsistent definitions PE. The International Society for Sexual Medicine provides the most comprehensive definition of PE: both acquired and lifelong PE are characterized by ejaculation that always or nearly always occurs approximately within 1 min of vaginal penetration or when the patient has a clinically bothersome reduction in intravaginal ejaculatory latency time or due to an inability to delay ejaculation in all or nearly all vaginal penetrations–all of which lead to the accumulation of negative psychosocial burden. The etiology of PE may stem from genetic predisposition or psychologic components; however, the precise mechanism has not been elucidated and likely differs from individual to individual. There is a well-established link between PE and neurotransmitter signaling through which SSRIs (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) have a tangible therapeutic effect. There have been significant advances in management of PE with the use of psychosexual therapy and pharmacotherapy, mainly local anesthetics and SSRIs.
 This review contains 3 figures, 2 tables, and 36 references.
Key Words:  classification, epidemiology, male sexual dysfunction, medical management, premature ejaculation
Organizational Culture Assessment at Ethio-Telecom Using Competing Value Framework
Authors: Abrahim Abadir , Zewdie Shemelis
Published: January 2021

The purpose of this study is to assess current dominant and future desired organizational culture at Ethio-telecom Jimma region offices as perceived by employees using competing value framework. The objective is to identify and understand cultural changes needed to manage organizational change Ethio-telecom embarks on effectively. Through a survey research design, a sample of 100 employees who were randomly selected took part in the study. Organizational change assessment instrument (OCAI), standard questionnaire developed by Cameron and Quinn’s (2006) used to collect data from respondents. Four types of culture clan, adhocracy, hierarchy, and market assessed from six attributes of culture or dimensions: dominant characteristics, organizational leadership, and management of employees, organizational glue, strategic emphasis, and criteria of success. Standard mean score (Z score), t-test and analysis of variance employed to address the research questions. The results show that clan culture is the dominant typology at the moment while market oriented culture is found as future desired organizational culture. Moreover, the findings revealed statistically no significant variation among employees in their perception of current dominant culture and choice of future desired culture.
Did Asset Securitization Affect the Banking Financial Performance?
Authors: Ishak Gos , Leon Farah Margaretha , Usman Bahtiar
Published: January 2021

This study investigates the impact of asset securitization on banking financial performance. The authors examined the effect between the independent variables (Asset-backed securities (ABS), Loan Loss Provisions (LLP), and Size), and the dependent variable (Return on Assets (ROA), Size has a moderating variable effect on Return on Assets.

The banks improved profitability (ROA) by selling their loans receivable portfolio to the capital market to get liquidity. Furthermore, the bank significantly changed the role of acting as intermediaries between borrowers and depositors for the last decade. The authors used a sample of 12 commercial banks from Southeast Asian Countries and the regression model used for panel data analysis from 1998 to 2018.

The results show that Asset-backed securities have found a significant positive Return on Assets. However, some empirical evidence found that asset securitization increases Profitability decreases Loan Loss Provisions and reduces bank securitization’s default risk.

For future research, it is recommended to explore several variables to get a better result bank’s financial performance, such as Return on Equity, Debt to Equity Ratio, and Net Interest Margin.
Obesity and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Pathophysiology and Management Focused
Authors: Febyan . , Weky Norman Delvano
Published: January 2021

The continuing rise of obesity epidemic in the global population has been markedly associated with the escalating occurrence and severity of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). This condition represents a complex metabolic imbalance, primarily characterized by excessive intrahepatic accumulation of triglycerides, known as hepatic steatosis. This pathophysiological process is initiated by the disproportionation between the uptake of dietary fatty acids in plasma, as well as the increase of de novo fatty acid synthesis, which is not equally accompanied by the exportation and oxidation of fatty acid in the form of triglycerides. As mentioned earlier, the underlying metabolic process becomes a significant risk factor for developing cardiometabolic complications, involving type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia. This review presents a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of obesity and NAFLD to determine innovative management approaches for the prevention and treatment of the disease.
A Review of Intravesical Prostatic Protrusion in the Evaluation and Treatment of Benign Prostatic Enlargement
Authors: Eze Balantine U. , Amu Okwudili C. , Edeh Jude A.
Published: January 2021

The evaluation of severity of symptoms, tracking complications, choosing effective and efficient approach to treatment, and prognosis is important in benign prostatic enlargement (BPE) patients. Measurement of intravesical prostatic protrusion (IPP) is an easy, affordable and non-invasive marker for benign prostatic obstruction with a high diagnostic value. This study aims to undertake a descriptive review of current literature for the role of IPP in the evaluation and treatment of patients with BPE. Relevant articles written in English language were retrieved from PubMed and Google Scholar. Keywords used for searching articles included intravesical prostatic Protrusion and Benign Prostatic Enlargement/ hyperplasia/ Obstruction; evaluation; and treatment. Papers published between January 1990 and October 2020 were extracted and evaluated. The analyzed studies showed that IPP can be assessed by various modalities and is important in the evaluation of symptom severity, tracking progression and complications of disease, choosing treatment option and prognostication. It is important that IPP be always assessed at the point of initial evaluation of BPE patients.
Atypical Presentation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Case Report
Authors: Saber Sadia , Kumar Ghosh Paritosh , Alam Mohammed Tarek , Yasmin Naz , Hossain Mohammad Monower , Alam Rafa Faaria
Published: January 2021

The most common form of malignant renal tumours is Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) which is considered for nearly 80-85% of primary renal tumors. Now a day renal tumours can usually be detected at primary stage due to the popularity of sonography. Clinical manifestations of RCC have a diverse range. Loin pain, hematuria and abdominal mass contemplate as a classical triad but only present in 4–17% of cases. Here, we present a unique case of RCC in a 65 years old elderly gentleman admitted to our hospital with upper gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms without any significant GI involvement.
Relationship between Corrected QT Interval (QTc) Prolongation and Insulin Resistance in Obese Adult Male Subjects
Authors: Hlaing Zarchi Theint Theint , Htway Soe Minn , Sein Mya Thanda
Published: January 2021

QT Interval prolongation is common in insulin resistance state obesity. Insulin-induced hyperpolarization might be involved in ventricular repolarization leading to QTc lengthening. Therefore, this study is designated to investigate the relationship between corrected QT interval (QTc) prolongation and insulin resistance in obese adult male subjects. Apparently healthy adult male subjects (n=100) aged between 18-35 years residing in Magway Township were recruited by simple random sampling method. Then all the eligible subjects were categorized into 2 groups: non-obese [body mass index (BMI) 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2, n= 40] and obese group [BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2, n=60] by their anthropometric parameters. Serum fasting glucose was measured by glucose oxidase method. Serum insulin level was determined by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Insulin sensitivity was calculated by Homeostatic Model Assessment (HOMA-IR). The QT interval was measured by routine 12-lead ECG and corrected QT interval (QTc) was calculated according to Bazett’s formula. In the present study, insulin sensitivity (HOMA-IR) was higher in obese subjects (4.64±2.3) than that of non-obese subjects (2.5±0.89) (p< 0.001). There was significant positive correlation between QTc and HOMA-IR (r = 0.41, p< 0.001, n = 100) in this study. HOMA-IR >3.8 was considered as insulin resistance (IR) and QTc > 440ms was regarded as QTc interval prolongation. Insulin resistance was significantly associated with prolonged QTc interval in the study population (X2=7.3, p< 0.05, n=100). Risk of QTc interval prolongation was 3.4 times higher in subjects with IR (Odd ratio = 3.4; 95% confidence interval = 1.37 to 8.45). It was concluded that prolonged QTc interval is associated with insulin resistance state.
A Case of Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma with Secondary Involvement of the Orbit
Authors: Yuliawati Putu , Lestari Ni Putu Dharmi
Published: January 2021

We report clinical characteristic, imaging studies, and management of a rare case of expansion epithelial malignancy due to squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). A man was admitted with protrusion of the left eye due to orbital medial tumor mass. The patient had undergone removal surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy two years ago. Imaging and histopathological studies were conducted to determine protrusion of the left eye due to Non-keratinizing sinonasal SCC. The left eye exenteration was conducted and continued with the chemotherapy procedure. This case demonstrates that even aggressive and repetitive surgical may not be adequate in preventing worse outcomes.
Analysis of music teacher training programs: Structure of curriculum design in the field of music
Authors: ÖZGÜL İlhan
Published: January 2021

In this research, 2007 music teacher training program prepared by the Council Higher Education in Turkey and Education Faculty music teacher training program changed under adaptation, quality and accreditation to Bologna process in the field of 2018 European higher education were analysed. In this study characterised as a “field study” regarding the environment it was carried out, “descriptive” in terms of method and specifically “document analysis”, it was investigated to what extent music teacher training curriculum designs complied with program development principles, and relationships regarding courses defined within the scope of the program and the goals of the subject areas of music education. It has been found out that there were not sufficient number of members in the curriculum development committee based on “certain criteria” when amended Music Teacher Program Design was created, and there are contradictions between the scope of the curriculum and definition of courses, and there are significant number of theoretical courses in the curriculum. When examining the goals of courses specified related to the Music Teacher Field, allowing teachers to have in-depth understanding and knowledge on their field, in the four-year program, it was determined that the indicators related to “repeatability”, “permanence” and “progressivity” were very low/poor/insufficient. To conclude, suggestions were made related to the studies on reorganisation, update and amendment of the music teacher training curriculum (2018).
PENGEMBANGAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS LIFE SKILL UNTUK SISWA SMK JURUSAN TEKNIK INSTALASI TENAGA LISTRIK
Authors: Perangin-angin Despaleri , Panjaitan Christin Erniati , Suryanto Eka Dodi
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Media pembelajaran menjadi pilihan untuk menunjang proses belajar yang menyenangkan dan menarik bagi siswa dan juga memperkuat motivasi, serta untuk menanamkan pemahaman pada siswa tentang materi yang diajarkan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan media pembelajaran interaktif berbasis Life Skill untuk siswa SMK Jurusan Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik. Penelitian ini menggunakan model penelitian dan pengembangan. Prosedur pengembangan media pembelajaran yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini mengadaptasi dari model ADDIE. Selanjutnya dilakukan validasi pada media yang telah dirancang. hasil penelitian ini yaitu pengembangan media pembelajaran berada dalam kategori Sangat Baik, berdasarkan penilaian dan validasi dari ahli media, ahli materi dan respon siswa. Hasil validasi dari ahli Media memperoleh rata-rata 93,33%, ahli materi 88,33% dan respon siswa sebagai pengguna adalah 90%. Dengan hasil ini, media pembelajaran yang dikembangkan dapat diterapkan dalam proses belajar mengajar sesuai dengan materi dan kompetensi yang akan dicapai. Kata Kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Life Skill, SMK, Teknik Instalasi Tenaga Listrik. Abstract: Learning media is an option to support a fun and interesting learning process for students and also strengthen motivation, and to instill understanding in students about the material being taught. The purpose of this study was to develop Life Skill-based interactive learning media for Vocational High School Electrical Power Installation Engineering students. This study uses a research and development model. The learning media development procedure used in this study adapted from the ADDIE model. Furthermore, validation is carried out on the media that has been designed. The results of this study are the development of learning media in the Very Good category, based on the assessment and validation of media experts, material experts and student responses. The results of the validation of the media expert obtained an average of 93.33%, the material expert was 88.33% and the student response as a user was 90%. With these results, the learning media developed can be applied in the teaching and learning process in accordance with the material and competencies to be achieved.. Keywords: Learning Media, Life Skills, Vocational High School, Electrical Power Installation Engineering.
PENERAPATAN MODEL-MODEL PEMBELAJARAN MELALUI KEGIATAN SUPERVISI KELAS UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN GURU DI SMA NEGERI 1 SIBOLGA, KOTA SIBOLGA
Authors: Lubis Ali Sutan
Published: January 2021

Abstrak: Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah: (1)   meningkatkan mutu pembelajaran siswa dengan enerapan model-model  pembelajaran melalui kegiatan supervisi akademik dengan pendekatan realistik; (2) mengetahui kendala-kendala yang dihadapi guru dalam penerapan model-model  pembelajaran melalui kegiatan supervisi akademik dengan pendekatan realistik; (3) meningkatkan kemampuan siswa terhadap penerapan model-model  pembelajaran melalui kegiatan supervisi akademik dengan pendekatan realistik pada pembelajaran di kelas si SMA N 1 Sibolga. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; (1) bimbingan dan pengawasan yang berkesinambungan dapat  meningkatkan motivasi guru dalam menyusun RPP dengan lengkap; (2) bimbingan berkesinambungan  dapat meningkatkan kompetensi guru dalam menyusun RPP. Peningkatan  kompetensi guru dalam menyusun  RPP dari siklus ke siklus. Pada siklus pertama nilai rata-rata komponen RPP 60,5 % dan pada siklus kedua 87,9 %. Jadi, terjadi peningkatan 27,4 % dari siklus pertama; dan (3) supervisi akademik membuka cakrawala berpikir guru, untuk memandang dirinya, menemukan kesalahan dan solusi atas kompetensi diri guru itu sendiri. Kata Kunci: kemampuan guru, menerapkan model-model pembelajaran, supervisi Abstract: The aim of this research are: (1) improve the quality of learning of students with Application of models of learning through academic supervision by a realistic approach; (2) determine the constraints faced by teachers in the application of learning models through academic supervision by a realistic approach; (3) improve the ability of students to the application of learning models through academic supervision by a realistic approach to learning in class SMA N 1 Sibolga. The results showed that; (1) continuous guidance and supervision to increase the motivation of teachers in developing lesson plans to complete; (2) continuous guidance can improve the competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans. Increased competence of teachers in preparing lesson plans from cycle to cycle. In the first cycle of the average value of the RPP component of 60.5% and 87.9% in the second cycle. Thus, an increase of 27.4% from the first cycle; and (3) the academic supervision open up the minds of teachers, to look at him, finding errors and solutions to the competence of the teacher's own self. Keywords: the ability of teachers, applying learning models, supervision
Practical Five-Level Model for Activist Pedagogy and Promoting Active Citizenship: Film Study in Israel as a Test Case
Authors: Ayali Keren Ketko , Bocoş Muşata
Published: January 2021

This article presents a practical applicable model for teachers in all high school subjects who chose the teaching profession to educate future generations using activist teaching promoting active citizenship and a progressive liberal world view. The five-level model addressing the activist pedagogy practice developed in the 21st century, helps empower and develop teachers’ professional abilities operating in education as social change agents. The model was developed as part of broad research into the need to train teachers using the activist pedagogical approach. The study emphasizes the model's significant contribution to learning teaching skills to promote socio-political awareness in the activist approach developed in light of contemporary pedagogy promoting active citizenship. The article details all model stages and curriculum in high school film studies as a test case. Film studies began with seven film courses as a unique study system in 1992 and reached 400 courses in 2019, as part of mainstream studies in both the Arts and Social Division at the Israeli Ministry of Education, a meteoric growth of about 15 film courses per year. The article is based on interview analysis including an interview with a film study inspector who was among the founders of film studies in Israel, documents, literature review and researcher’s experience in the field. By revealing the practical and applicable model for teaching and learning using the activist pedagogical approach, the study proposes innovative theoretical conceptualization of a film educational program which has been in operation for thirty years.
Use of Digital Games in Teaching Vocabulary to Young Learners
Authors: Hazar Esin
Published: January 2021

It has been an educational policy for the Turkish educational authorities to teach English as a foreign language from early ages of children. This research attempts to determine the role of digital games on enhancing English vocabulary and to com¬pare games with pen and paper practices. For this purpose, digital games on EBA (Education Informatics Network) platform were used for enhancing vocabulary teaching in a public primary school in Turkey. The study recruited 37 third-grade students from two separate classes. A class of 20 students was identified as the experimental group, and another class of 17 students was assigned as the control group. The data for this study was obtained by gathering information from pre and post-tests. The control group received English lessons without using games on EBA, while the experimental group used EBA while learning vocabulary. Independent sample t-test was used to measure the effect of digital games on the vocabulary learning of the experimental group. It was deduced from the findings that there were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of post-tests. The findings showed that the experimental group outperformed the control group and the statistical results were considerable in post-test. Findings indicate that digital games usage in teaching vocabulary is effective for learners to improve their vocabulary knowledge.
PENDEKATAN GOOD GOVERNANCE DALAM MEMPERKUAT KEAMANAN PERBATASAN NEGARA: STUDI DI WILAYAH LAUT NATUNA UTARA
Authors: Maulana Rio Yusri
Published: January 2021

Laut Natuna Utara adalah wilayah lama bernama baru yang di berikan Indonesia kepada salahsatu wilayah laut yang berbatasan dengan Laut China Selatan. Setelah terdapat klaim sepihak terhadap perairan ini dari Republik Rakyat Tiongkok (RRT) pemerintah Indonesia kemudian memperkuat kekuatan militer di Natuna. Langkah ini memiliki resiko tersendiri baik bagi Indonesia maupun kawasan, sehingga pemerintah Indonesia perlu melakukan upaya penguatan di sektor politik. Rumusan masalah penelitian ini adalah bagaimana pendekatan politik keamanan dapat berperan dalam menjaga kedaulatan di Laut Natuna Utara?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif analitis dengan menggunakan teori national interest dan konsep good governance untuk memunculkan penjelasan bagaimana perimbangan kebijakan antara soft approach dan hard approach yang dilakukan pemerintah Indonesia dalam mengelola konflik di Natuna. Penelitian ini melihatbahwa kedulatan Indonesia sangat ditentukan oleh kepentingan nasional yang dihadirkan dalam kerangka konflik yang terjadi di Laut China Selatan. Dalam upaya menjaga keamanan wilayah Laut Natuna Utara, negara kemudian kemudian melakukan pendekatan politik dari aspek kekuatan militer (hard power) dan non-militer (soft power).
SISTEM REWARD PRODUK PT. NATURAL NUSANTARA CABANG PALU TIMUR DITINJAU DALAM HUKUM ISLAM
Authors: Nahwia Nahwia
Published: January 2021

Hasil Penelitian menunjukan bahwa pertama Sistem Reward Produk  PT. Natural Nusantara yang diberikan kepada Mitra- Nya menggunakan aturan dan penentuan poin dalam pemberian Reward untuk memberi motivasi dan semangat agar Mitra- Nya lebih semangat dalam penjualan dan mengembangkan perusahaan tersebut untuk menjaga kelangsungan perusahaan. Pulis menyarankan agar Para  Mitra PT. Natural Nusantara Cab. Palu Timur Kebanyakan Upline memberikan Poin sesuai penjualan Downline. Setiap Upline memberikan semangat  dan mengajarkan Downline- Nya agar lebih meninggkat penjualan nya selain itu seorang Upline  memberikan saran agar Downline  bisa menyetok produk sendiri dan diberikan dengan harga dibawah  harga anggota sehinga Downline nya mendapatkan keuntungan yang lebih tinggi. kedua sistem Reward produk PT. Natural Nusantara Cab. Palu Timur adalah sistem Reward apa bila mengutungkan diatas dan perusahaan hanya menjanjikan maka tidak diboleh dalam hukum Islam namun sistem Reward produk PT. Natural Nusantara telah sesuai dengan hukum Islam karena disini Perusahaan telah menyediakan Reward sesuai penjualan Mitra- Nya dan kerja keras seorang Mitra.
Induksi Perkecambahan In Vitro Jeruk Hasil Fusi Protoplas Pada Medium Dengan Penambahan Asam Giberelat
Authors: Damarnegari A A Ayu Laksmi , Astarini Ida Ayu , Defiani Made Ria , Kosmiatin Mia
Published: January 2021

Pemuliaan tanaman adalah upaya pengembangan tanaman dengan memanipulasi sistem genetik tanaman untuk mendapatkan kultivar baru yang lebih unggul. Upaya pemuliaan tanaman seringkali menghasilkan biji yang bersifat inkompatibel, sehingga perlu dilakukan proses penyelamatan untuk mengurangi risiko gugurnya embrio. Penambahan asam giberelat merupakan salah satu cara untuk mempercepat perkecambahan biji yang tidak kompatibel. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk menentukan pemberian konsentrasi asam giberelat yang tepat terhadap perkecambahan embrio globular jeruk hasil fusi protoplas. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur In Vitro Kelompok Peneliti Biologi Sel dan Jaringan, Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian (BB BIOGEN), Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pertanian, Kementrian Pertanian, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan perlakuan konsentrasi asam giberelat yaitu 0, 1, 2, 3 ppm, masing-masing terdiri dari 7 ulangan.  Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embrio globular jeruk galur FS 29 dan FS 89 hasil fusi protoplas jeruk Siam Simadu dengan Mandarin Satsuma berukuran rata-rata 3 mm. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap persentase embrio yang berkecambah, waktu berkecambah, jumlah dan persentase kecambah sempurna dan tidak sempurna (abnormal, hanya bagian akar atau bagian tunas yang berkembang). Data dianalisis menggunakan uji Crosstab dengan software IBM SPSS Statistics 22.  Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penambahan asam giberelat pada media dapat mempercepat perkecambahan dan meningkatkan persentase kecambah yang dihasilkan. Media perkecambahan terbaik pada jeruk FS 29 adalah VMW + 2 ppm dan 3 ppm asam giberelat dengan persentase perkecambahan 85,7% dalam waktu 7 hari sedangkan media perkecambahan terbaik pada jeruk FS 89 adalah VMW + 1 ppm asam giberelat dengan persentase perkecambahan 100% dalam waktu 8,5 hari. Media VMW + 1, 2, 3 ppm asam giberelat pada jeruk FS29 dan VMW + 2 ppm dan 3 ppm asam giberelat pada jeruk FS89 baik digunakan untuk mendapatkan kecambah sempurna dengan tingkat keberhasilan sebesar 100%.

 

Kata kunci: Citrus sp., asam giberelat, inkompatibel, in vitro, perkecambahan embrio
Hepatoprotektor Rumput Laut Eucheuma cottonii Pada Tikus Putih (Rattus norvegicus L.) Jantan Yang Diinduksi Natrium Nitrit (Nano2)
Authors: Dewi Ida Ayu Ratih Purnama , Wiratmini Ngurah Intan , Setyawati Iriani
Published: January 2021

Natrium nitrit (NaNO2) merupakan pengawet makanan yang sering ditambahkan pada produk daging olahan. Konsumsi NaNO2 secara berlebihan dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Salah satu upaya meminimalisir efek negatif yang ditimbulkan dari NaNO2 yaitu dengan mengkonsumsi antioksidan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kemampuan ekstrak rumput laut Eucheuma cotonii sebagai hepatoprotektor pada tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan yang diinduksi natrium nitrit (NaNO2). Rancangan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) terdiri atas dua kontrol dan tiga perlakuan masing-masing dengan enam ulangan. Kontrol negatif (K-) diberikan aquades dan CMC NA 0,5%. Kontrol positif (K+) hanya diberikan NaNO2 dosis 22,5 mg/kgBB selama 35 hari. Kelompok perlakuan P1, P2, dan P3 masing-masing pada hari ke-1 sampai dengan hari ke-15 tikus diberikan NaNO2 dosis 22,5 mg/kgBB, kemudian hari ke-16 sampai dengan hari ke-35 diberikan NaNO2 dosis 22,5 mg/kgBB pada pagi hari dan ekstrak rumput laut dengan dosis berturut-turut 150 mg/kgBB (P1); 300 mg/kgBB (P2); dan 450 mg/kgBB (P3) pada sore hari. Hari ke-36 sampai hari ke-45 hanya diberikan ekstrak rumput masing-masing dosis saja. Pada hari ke-46, dilakukan pengambilan darah dan pembedahan untuk pengambilan organ hati.  Analisis data kadar SGPT dan SGOT plasma darah dan parameter histologi dilakukan dengan uji statistik One Way Anova dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Duncan. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak Eucheuma cottonii dosis 150 mg/kgBB paling efektif menurunkan tingkat kerusakan hati secara signifikan yang dilihat dari kadar SGPT dan SGOT serta histologi hati pada tikus putih yang diinduksi natrium nitrit (NaNO2).

 

Kata kunci :Eucheuma cottonii, profil darah, hati, ginjal, tikus
Journal's summary
Authors: Team Editorial
Published: January 2021

Journal's summary
MANAJEMEN PRODUKSI PROGRAM “ANAK INDONESIA” DI TVRI JAWA BARAT
Authors: Susanti Santi , Standi Kurnia
Published: January 2021

This study aims to determine the processes and obstacles in the production stage of Anak Indonesia video episode of Anak Singkong (The Children of Cassava) by TVRI West Java region, which raises the culture of the indigenous people of Cireundeu, Cimahi, who consume cassava as the main food substitute for rice. Through a descriptive qualitative methods, this study collected data through observations and interviews with the Anak Indonesia production team. The results showed the implementation of the pre-production stage includes finding ideas, research and location hunting, writing manuscripts, selecting talents, preparing meetings, and selecting tools. The production stage includes a shooting process based on the script created in the pre-production stage; The post-production stage includes image sorting and image blending with sound (natural atmosphere, narrative). These three stages are carried out with the principle of being effective and efficient, to avoid over budgeting of production cost. The obstacles encountered were technical and nontechnical, which the team had to overcome, especially production assistants. The conclusion of this research is the production process of a television program requires good coordination, because it involves many people who carry out their respective roles. Supervision and accuracy in carrying out work are very important so that the prepared shows can be presented according to the agreed concept.
Impact of paddy straw mulch on germination and growth of celery (Apium graveolens L.) seedlings and associated weeds in nursery
Authors: Brar A. S. , Sraw P. K. , Dhillon B. S.
Published: January 2021

A study was undertaken during three consecutive rabi seasons of 2014–15 to 2016–17 at the Research Farm, Department of Agronomy, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana (Punjab) to determine the effect of paddy straw mulch load and retention time on the germination and growth of celery and associated weeds. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with nine treatments viz., paddy straw mulch @ 4 and 6 t ha-1 with retention time of 15, 20, 25 days after sowing (DAS), full time retention (60 DAS), and control (without mulch). The results indicated that application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 significantly improved the germination of celery in nursery as compared to no mulch treatment but retention of paddy straw mulch beyond 20 days after sowing suppressed the celery seedlings adversely resulting in lowering seedling population as well as fresh and dry weight of celery seedlings. Application of paddy straw mulch @ 4 or 6 t ha-1 resulted in significantly lower density and dry weight of weeds as compared to control. Further, each successive increase in retention time of paddy straw mulch from 15 DAS to full time retention (60 DAS) through 20 and 25 DAS significantly reduced the weed population in celery nursery.
Indaziflam: Leaching and control of Urochloa plantaginea in applications on coffee litter with different rainfall simulations
Authors: Vinicius Da Silva Paulo , José dos Santos Mack , Mateus Tronquini Sergio , Lígia Giraldeli Ana , Dias de Carvalho Roque , Andrea Monquero Patricia , Maris Inácio Estela
Published: January 2021

Coffee litter and the rain that occurs after the application of pre-emergence herbicides impact on their leaching and weed control effectiveness. The objective of this study was to evaluate the leaching and control effectiveness of indaziflam, applied on coffee litter, and under simulations of different amounts of rainfall. Two experiments in greenhouse were conducted with the application of indaziflam (0.1 kg of active ingredient - a.i. - ha-1), in a completely randomized design. The first involved the leaching of the herbicide using Urochloa plantaginea as a bioindicator, in a 8 x 4 factorial arrangement, with eight depths in the PVC column (0-0.05; 0.05-0.1; 0.1-0.15; 0.15-0.2; 0.2-0.25; 0.25-0.3; 0.3-0.35; 0.35-0.4 m) and four amounts of straw (0; 1; 3 and 5 t ha-1), this factor was isolated for rainfall simulations (10, 20 and 40 mm). The second experiment tested the effectiveness in controlling U. plantaginea, in a 4 x 3 factorial arrangement, with four amounts of litter (0; 1; 3 and 5 t ha-1) and three amounts of rainfall (10, 20 and 40 mm). Both experiments had four repetitions and controls without application of the herbicide. In leaching, a greater effect of indaziflam was found at a depth of 0-0.05 m, and the higher the simulated rainfall, the greater the phytotoxicity observed in U. plantaginea, with 39.75%, 52.50% and 92.06%, for rainfall amounts of 10, 20 and 40 mm, respectively. U. plantaginea showed high susceptibility to control by the herbicide indaziflam, and the lowest control, 82%, was observed when indaziflam was applied on 5 t ha-1 with simulation of rainfall at 10 mm. The increase in the amount of litter on the soil surface, combined with lower amounts of rainfall can reduce the leaching of indaziflam and the control of U. plantaginea.
A religiosidade e a espiritualidade na atenção primária à saúde
Authors: Araújo Rodolfo Lima , Junior Antonio Luiz Gomes
Published: January 2021

Objetivo: Identificar e revisar a tendência das evidências científicas sobre a abordagem da religiosidade e espiritualidade na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Métodos: Revisão de literatura do tipo integrativa. O levantamento foi realizado nas bases de dados da Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe de Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e biblioteca eletrônica Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Os descritores utilizados foram: “Religiosidade” OR “Espiritualidade” AND “Atenção Primária à Saúde”. Critérios de inclusão: artigos que contemplassem a temática, publicados nos idiomas português, inglês e espanhol no período de 2015 a 2020, foram excluídos artigos que não respondiam à questão norteadora, artigos que tinham como metodologia a revisão de literatura não sistemática, teses, dissertações e as publicações duplicadas. Resultados: A principal característica dos estudos foi: estudo transversal quantitativo, e com aumento não linear, ao longo do corte temporal. Parece que os aspectos religiosos são importantes para os indivíduos idosos, portadores de condições crônica e contra hábitos como fumar e ingerir bebida alcóolica. Em relação à saúde mental percebeu-se uma ambivalência. Considerações Finais: A abordagem sobre a religiosidade e espiritualidade deve ser abordada na Atenção Primária à Saúde, sendo esse desejo primariamente uma necessidade dos pacientes.
The Effect of Plantago major on Wound Healing in Preclinical Studies: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cardososo Fernada , Breder Jéssica , Apolinário Priscila , Oliveia Henrique , Saidel Maria , Dini Ariane , Kumakura Ana , Lima Maria
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Plantago major is a medicinal plant that has been used for centuries to treat various health conditions including wounds. PURPOSE: To investigate the effectiveness of the topical use of P major in healing skin wounds in animal models. METHODS: Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines, a systematic review was conducted. Seven (7) electronic databases (Virtual Health Library, Public/Publisher MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature, and CAB Direct) were searched for controlled studies published in English from January 2006 to March 2020. The Collaborative Approach to Meta Analysis and Review of Animal Data from Experimental Studies tools guided the evaluation of the studies and determined their quality. The Systematic Review Center for Laboratory Animal Experimentation was used to assess the risk of bias. RESULTS: Of the 176 publications identified, 4 met the inclusion criteria. Studies included 20 to 100 animals and varying concentrations of P major. There were no reports of losses during research. Wound healing was assessed between 17 and 21 days following wounding. The best response in terms of wound contraction rate occurred with 10%, 20%, and 50% concentrations when compared with control groups. One (1) study did not have an animal ethics committee review. All studies had a high risk of bias and a lack of methodological rigor. CONCLUSION: The results of this review did not find evidence about the in vivo effectiveness of P major for wound healing. More rigorous preclinical studies with adequate sample sizes are required to identify the best concentrations and formulations as well as increase understanding about the mechanisms of action of P major in wound healing.
Use of Air-Fluidized or Fluid Immersion Redistribution Support Surfaces for the Treatment of Stage 4 Pressure Injuries: A Case Series
Authors: Griffey Jeanette , Barnes Jeanene , Bardonner Marta
Published: January 2021

BACKGROUND: Healing of severe pressure injuries (PIs) in patients with multiple comorbidities requires a multifaceted and interdisciplinary approach and includes the use of support surfaces. Published clinical data guiding support surface selection are very limited. Long-term acute care hospitals frequently treat medically complex patients, many with severe PIs. PURPOSE: To compare healing rates in patients with severe PIs on air-fluidized therapy (AFT) or fluid immersion system (FIS) support surfaces. METHODS: After obtaining informed consent, patients with a stage 3 or 4 PI were randomized to receive either AFT or FIS in addition to the standard protocol of care. Baseline and weekly wound measurements were obatined using a 3-dimensional camera measurement tool. The required sample size was calculated to be 60. RESULTS: After the study had started, the long-term acute care hospital admission criteria changed, severely limiting the number of patients who met the study inclusion criteria. Only 4 patients with a stage 4 PI completed the study. Of those, 2 were on an AFT and 2 were on an FIS surface. All wounds reduced in size; 0.12 and 0.57 cm2/day for patients on AFT and 0.68 and 1.34 cm2/day for patients on FIS. All but 1 wound had a reduction in wound volume ranging from -0.2 and 0.97 cm3 to 1.78 and 4.18 cm3/day for patients on AFT and FIS, respectively. CONCLUSION: Obtaining much-needed evidence to guide support surface selections for patients with severe PIs is challenging and requires multicenter studies.
HISTORICAL SETTLEMENT AS A TERRITORIAL VALUE CONCEPT
Authors: Яковлева Светлана Ивановна
Published: January 2021

Представлен хронологический анализ изменения содержания понятия «историческое поселение» в советских и российских законопроектах и рекомендациях. Названы параметры определения статуса исторического поселения. Для этого использован нормативный подход: выполнен анализ законодательно утверждённых понятий. Научная новизна: предложена территориально-функциональная оценка исторических поселений с позиций географического исследования.

A chronological analysis of changes in the content of the concept of «historical settlement» in Soviet and Russian bills and recommendations is presented. The parameters for determining the status of a historical settlement are named. For this, a normative approach was used: an analysis of the legally approved concepts was carried out. Scientific novelty: a territorial and functional assessment of historical settlements from the standpoint of geographical research is proposed.