bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Quality Verification of Audio and Image Modulation by the Simulation of PCM, DM and DPCM Systems
Authors: Abou Haidar Gaby , Achkar Roger , Dourgham Hasan
Published: April 2024

Modulation is a process through which a message has to pass in order to be effectively transmitted. However, there are some limitations to Pulse Code Modulation and Delta Modulation that can cause data redundancy, quantization error, slope overload distortion and granular noise which result in a bad communication process. Throughout the past few years, Pulse Code Modulation (PCM), Delta Modulation (DM) and Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM), in digital communication systems, have proven to have unparalleled advantages over analog communication systems; this is in terms of error minimization and distances of transmission enhancements. Delta Modulation, a simplified version of Pulse Coded Modulation also pauses major problems in noise and quantization error. Consequently, and to combat the arising problems, communication engineers have developed newly adaptive compression and modulations techniques for better digital transmission. One of these innovative systems is the Differential Pulse Coded Modulation (DPCM) that can solve the aforementioned problems. Thus the focal point of this article is to explore the simulation of these systems using Simulink (The Math Works, Inc., USA). Eventually, the systems are tested on both image and audio inputs to prove the superiority of DPCM over DM and PCM systems in reducing noise and increasing the signal to quantization noise ratio, thus insuring a smooth and successful transfer of data.
Particle Swarm Algorithm Based on Homogenized Logistic Mapping and Its Application in Antenna Parameter Optimization
Authors: Nan An , Liyong Bao
Published: April 2024

Aiming at the problems of computing complexity, long time-consuming and low accuracy in the process of antenna optimization design, a particle swarm optimization algorithm based on chaotic ergodic search is proposed in this paper. In order to improve the rationality of the selection of the initial population of the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm and enhance the diversity of particles in the iterative process of the algorithm, this algorithm introduces a uniform Logistic chaotic map into the traditional particle swarm optimization algorithm, so as to improve the convergence speed and optimization performance of the particle swarm optimization more effectively. In this paper, the Logistic map is selected in the chaotic map, and the analysis shows that although it has good long-term periodicity and initial value sensitivity, the data does not obey the uniform distribution, which makes the omission range when the sequence value is small, which reduces the chaos. The efficiency of traversal, in view of this shortcoming, this paper proposes a method of homogenizing Logistic, and deduces and analyzes it. It is concluded that this homogenized Logistic method has better randomness and can better reflect the characteristics of uniform distribution of data. Further, based on the optimization algorithm, the rectangular microstrip antennas with two feeding modes are optimized, and the antenna size obtained by empirical formula is modeled and analyzed in HFSS software. The research results show that the optimization algorithm in this paper can bring faster convergence speed and more accurate optimization results for antenna optimization.
Design and Application of a Credit Bank Based on Blockchain Technology
Authors: Chen Yun , Xu Jinsong
Published: April 2024

Credit banks are an important way to build a lifelong learning system and a learning society. At present, various types of credit banks in China generally have limitations such as low efficiency in learning achievement certification and conversion, difficulty in ensuring the quality of learning achievement certification, and vague identification of credit banks. Blockchain technology has the characteristics of openness, consensus, transparent transactions, anonymity, tamper resistance, and traceability, which can effectively solve the centralized governance problems faced by the current construction of credit banks. This article elaborates on the current development status and characteristics of credit banks at home and abroad, analyzes the feasibility of combining credit banks with blockchain, and designs a blockchain based credit bank system architecture and processing flow to address the challenges of inconsistent credit conversion standards, low conversion efficiency, and data security risks in traditional credit banks. It proposes using block structure design to achieve secure and tamper proof credit data, proposes a smart contract based credit recognition and conversion method to achieve decentralized governance of credit banks, and establishes a blockchain based credit bank certification, conversion, and other application design models, which can provide technical support for the large-scale application of credit banks in the future.
The HIV Services’ Milestone in Niger State: The Perception of the Frontline Providers
Authors: Gbadeyan Olabimpe , Daniel Ebenezer , Gbadeyan Adeola , Abidoye Oladele , Okorie Favour , Clark Joseph , Bello Ahmed , Avwerhota Michael , Inegbeboh Christiana , Popoola Israel , Tomori Michael , Ogun Adebanke , Olagbegi Oladapo
Published: April 2024

Introduction: On 1st December 2021, the Director General WHO during the world AIDS’s day opening remark stated that, “the global HIV epidemic has fainted from the headlines, but it is not over, far from it”. Nigerian is among the countries that have the highest HIV infection burden, and more HIV babies than anywhere in the world. Objective: The study was embarked upon to understand the perception of the HIV service providers who are in the frontline, on the difficulties being encountered in the course of duty. Method: Qualitative Data was obtained from selected HIV service providers, who were rich in experience across the state, through in-depth interviews (IDI), focus group discussions (FGD), and a non-participant observation with checklist. Saturation was reached, coding was done manually and automatic with NVivo 14, and thematic analytic method used to get a good induction from the data. Results: Among the difficulties being encountered by the HIV service providers from the study were burnt out, staff shortage, training deficiency, secondary stigmatization, and poor remuneration; similarly, lack of incentives, inability to follow-up, language, and religion barriers. Insecurity, the diminished awareness on HIV prevention, frequent change of implementing partners and lack of political will by policy makers were other identified challenges of the HIV services in the state. Conclusion: All relevant stakeholders need to work together towards reducing the difficulties highlighted by the providers toward the HIV eradication strategy. Government should take full possession and ownership of HIV management in Niger state, and the country.
Distribution and Antifungal Resistance Profile of Candida spp. Isolated from Patients Living with HIV at the Yaoundé Central Hospital
Authors: Kamdem Ashley , Gueguim Cedric , Matakone Moise , Akono Laurent , Kouanfack Charles , Etame Lucien
Published: April 2024

Background and Purpose: Candidiasis are the most frequent fungal infection, especially in immunocompromised people such as patients living with the human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV). Data on the fungal prevalence and antifungal resistance rate particularly in PLHIV in Cameroon are scarce. This study aimed to determine the distribution and the antifungal resistance profile of Candida spp. isolated from clinical samples of PLHIV visiting the laboratory service of the Yaoundé Central Hospital. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out on the PLHIV visiting the Central Hospital of Yaoundé laboratory service. Samples were collected according to the signs and symptoms recorded by the patient and inoculated onto Sabouraud + Chloramphenicol agar medium for 24 hours incubation at 35°C ± 2°C. Typical Candida colonies were subjected to a germ tube test to identify Candida albicans and the other species were identified biochemically using API Candida (BioMérieux). The antifungal susceptibility testing was carried out by the disk diffusion method and seven antifungal discs (Bioanalyse) were tested. Results: Overall, 106 unique samples were obtained from participants. The positivity rate of Candida spp. was 37.7%. Candida isolates were mostly recovered from sputum (n=15/40) followed by the oral swabs (n=10/40) and the vaginal swabs (n=08/40). Out of the 40 isolates, Candida albicans was the predominant species 57.5% followed by Candida krusei 15%, Candida glabrata and Candida guilliermondii 10% each and Candida famata 7.5%. The antifungal drug resistance profile of Candida spp. revealed the highest resistance rates to Amphotericin B (95.0%), Fluconazole (57.5%) and Nystatin (42.5%). Conversely, Clotrimazole, Miconazole and Econazole were the most effective against Candida spp. Conclusion: The high frequency of Candida spp. isolation, resistant to several commonly used antifungals among PLHIV in a hospital setting is a direct call for stakeholders, policymakers and clinicians about antifungal therapy awareness in this vulnerable population.
Review on Fundamental Considerations During Lignocellulosic Fiber Characterization in Light Micromechanical Analysis of Their Composites
Authors: Abdela Abebayehu , Asfaw Mieraf , Buffel Bart , Sirahbizu Belete , Desplentere Frederik
Published: April 2024

Lignocellulose fibers (Cellulosic fibers) are among the major agricultural resources from plant whose potentials are not exploited in some cases and/or underexploited in many cases. If their potentials for industrial application could be exploited, selling the fibers for manufacturing uses would be a win-win situation for both the industries and the farmers, and provide the latter with a much needed source of additional income since composite material reinforced with lignocellulose fibers can be used for diverse application including the production of parts in automotive industry. For this to be successful, it is mandatory to make fiber level characterization. In this process, there are various determinants that affects the characteristics of lignocellulose fiber including agro-ecological zone, plant age from which the fiber is extracted, lignocellulose structure, fiber extraction method and subsequent treatment to enhance properties. This review, therefore, presents the basics of lignocellulose fiber potential and insight into selected deliberation related to fiber level characterization in light of micromechanical analysis for new biocomposite under development. Included in this review, there are considerations to be potted during characterization at fiber level. For fiber diameter measurement and estimation, the following considerations are reported in this paper: measurement method validation, proper cross-section and fiber geometry assumption, lignocellulose structure and internal holes; enough sample consideration, incorporation of analytical method for cross checking. Likewise consideration during estimating fiber density, single fiber tensile strength and stiffness are review and discussed in this review.
Chemical Changes in Mango (CV.Fazli) as Affected by Fruit Maturity and Condition of Ripening
Authors: Robin Khaled , Zannat Tasnima
Published: April 2024

An experiment was carried out at the Department of Horticulture and Department of Biochemistry of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The objectives of the experiment were to evaluate the pattern of chemical changes associated with ripening and the numbers of days required for full ripening of mango (CV.Fazli) harvested at three maturity stages and preserved under different ripening conditions, viz; control, spread over brown paper, bamboo basket covering with straw, spread on straw and calcium carbide. The fruits were assessed for chemical changes during ripening. Some of the chemical properties such as sugar content (reducing, non-reducing and total), total soluble solid and pH of pulp increased while titratable acidity and vitamin C (ascorbic acid) content decreased with the increase in the duration of ripening. In respect of all chemical parameters, mature fruits kept in bamboo basket covering with straw showed best performance whereas CaC2 treated fruits showed poorer performance though good colours were developed. The ripening conditions maturity stages showed significant variations in relation to days required for full ripening. Among the treated and untreated mature mango fruits, bamboo basket covering with straw and spread on straw exhibited better ripening performance. Over- mature mango kept in bamboo basket covering with straw required the lowest days for full ripening but at 9th day of ripening some fruits were not in edible conditions whereas mature fruits kept in the same conditions were in edible conditions.
A Systematic Review: Exercise Based Approaches to Activate Central Pattern Generator in Spinal Cord Injury Survivors
Authors: Kaur Sharanjeet , Arumugam Narkeesh , Chhabra Harvinder
Published: April 2024

Background: Locomotion is a basic motor act which is essential for the survival of humans. The basic muscle synergies which are responsible for body propulsion are generated by the neurons in spinal cord collectively known as Central Pattern Generator for Locomotion. Spinal Cord is the major conduit for the transmission of information between brain and the rest of the body. Injury to the spinal cord is the insult to the neural elements of the spinal canal from foramen magnum to cauda equina. SCIs are heterogeneous in casualty, severity and location of injury but locomotion is the ultimate goal for the post-SCI survivors. In order for locomotion to occur, a complex CPG center of locomotion activation is required. Exercise based approach is the cornerstone in the treatment and management of individuals with SCI. Objective: To study the existing evidence on the effectiveness of Exercise-based approaches to activate Central Pattern Generator in Spinal Cord Injury Survivors with a focus on randomized controlled trials and cross over trials studies. Methodology: Literature published in English language. Original publications including RCTs and cross over trials published in peer-reviewed journals focused on traumatic or non-traumatic spinal cord injury published from 2014 to 2022. A key literature search adopted, for a more targeted search the following terms were used: effect of exercise, task-based approaches, body weight supported treadmill training, over ground training, balance and coordination training on the activation. Search Strategy: Database used were PubMed, Cochrane, Scopus, EMBASE, CINAHL and Medline. Results: Assessment of Risk of Bias was done using PeDro analysis. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria out of 300 studies searched. Discussion: Exercise based approaches are highly essential and integrated part of the rehabilitation of spinal cord injury survivors. It has been concluded that activity-based therapies are highly effective but under-utilized by the rehabilitation specialists.
Credit Risk Modelling Using RNN-LSTM Hybrid Model for Digital Financial Institutions
Authors: Musyoka Gabriel , Waititu Antony , Imboga Herbert
Published: April 2024

In response to the rapidly evolving financial market and the escalating concern surrounding credit risk in digital financial institutions, this project addresses the urgency for accurate credit risk prediction models. Traditional methods such as Neural network models, kernel-based virtual machines, Z-score, and Logit (logistic regression model) have all been used, but their results have proven less than satisfactory. The project focuses on developing a credit scoring model specifically tailored for digital financial institutions, by leveraging a hybrid model that combines long short-term memory (LSTM) networks with recurrent neural networks (RNN). This innovative approach capitalizes on the strengths of the Long-Short Term Memory (LSTM) for long-term predictions and Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) for its recurrent neural network capabilities. A key component of the approach is feature selection, which entails extracting a subset of pertinent features from the credit risk data using RNN in order to help classify loan applications. The researcher chose to use data from Kaggle to study and compare the efficacy of different models. The findings reveal that the RNN-LSTM hybrid model outperforms other RNNs, LSTMs, and traditional models. Specifically, the hybrid model demonstrated distinct advantages, showcasing higher accuracy and a superior Area Under the Curve (AUC) compared to individual RNN and LSTM models. While RNN and LSTM models exhibited slightly lower accuracy individually, their combination in the hybrid model proved to be the optimal choice. In summary, the RNN-LSTM hybrid model developed stands out as the most effective solution for predicting credit risk in digital financial institutions, surpassing the performance of standalone RNN and LSTM models as well as traditional methodologies. This research contributes valuable insights for banks, regulators, and investors seeking robust credit risk assessment tools in the dynamic landscape of digital finance.
Piecewise Linear Multiple Change Point Modelling for Under-Five Child Mortality
Authors: Chakraborty Sukanta , Biswas Soma
Published: April 2024

Using a piecewise linear multiple change-point model instead of more traditional survival techniques is more beneficial when dealing with mortality data. Utilizing this technique, the hazard model is estimated and the number of cut-point locations is found. Using various covariates, such as sociodemographic, biological, and proximate co-factors, this piecewise hazard model is fitted to the Infant Mortality Data of Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014. Finding the change point and the impact of covariates on the hazard rate is done using the maximum likelihood estimation process. The parameter's significance is subsequently supported by the Wald test statistic. It turns out that the mother's educational status, religion, mother's age in years, the number of children they have ever had, currently breastfeeding, the size of the child, desire for more children, cesarean delivery, ANC visits, and birth orders are all significant factors. It is also discovered that the detected change point of the hazard rate is extremely important for the child until they reach the age of five. Through the various time cut points, it is found that a piecewise linear multiple change-point model is very important for under-five child mortality. Public health specialists, researchers, and clinicians can all benefit from this piecewise hazard model. One of the most crucial elements in lowering child mortality is time.
Prevalence, Antibiotics Susceptibility Profile of Listeria Monocytogenes, and Its Associated Risk Factors Among Pregnant Women Attending Millennium Health Center
Authors: Lemma Fikru , Adinew Alegntaw , Reda Dawit , Gidebo Deresse , Bankere Assefa
Published: April 2024

Background: Listeria monocytogenes is a facultative intracellular pathogen that causes serious invasive infections in pregnant women, resulting in disseminated fetal infections, abortions, and still-births. Although it causes a greater burden on pregnant women and their infants, the case in Ethiopia is overlooked, and there is a scarcity of data on L. monocytogenes, particularly in the southern parts of Ethiopia. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence and, antibiotics susceptibility of L. monocytogenes and its associated risk factors among pregnant women attending the Millennium Health Center, Hawassa, Ethiopia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 203 pregnant women between May 30 and July 30, 2022. Socio-demographic data and 5 ml venous blood samples were collected from pregnant women using structured questionnaire. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 25. Bivariate logistic regression was carried out then variables with p<0.25 were further analyzed by multivariate logistic regressions, p-values <0.05 were accepted as statistically significant. Results: The overall prevalence of L. monocytogenes among pregnant women was found to be 11/203 (5.42%; 95% CI=2.88-9.38). L. monocytogenes was resistant to benzyl penicillin (90.91%) and meropenem (81.82%), but susceptible to ampicillin (90.91%). Raw meat (AOR=6.99; 95% CI=1.39-35.14), p=0.018), uncooked vegetables (AOR=6.62; 95% CI=1.04-42.30), p=0.046), unpasteurized milk (AOR=7.56; 95% CI=1.33-42.97), p=0.023) and fever (AOR=14.65; 95% CI=3.15-68.15), p=0.001) were significantly associated with L. monocytogenes infection. Conclusion: L. monocytogenes was resistant to benzyl penicillin, meropenem, erythromycin, and sulfamethoxazole but susceptible to ampicillin. Raw meat, uncooked vegetables, unpasteurized milk, and fever were significantly associated with L. monocytogenes.
Enhancing HR Technology Through Traceability and Auditing: Navigating Challenges and Legal Complexities for Operational Efficiency
Authors: Date Karthikeyan
Published: April 2024

This comprehensive study emphasizes the crucial need for holistic Human Resources (HR) management systems. These systems should ensure transparency, traceability, and alignment with strict regulatory standards, promoting organizational growth. The study highlights the essential role of time and attendance systems in managing hourly employees, ensuring compliance with wage laws and efficient payroll processes. By examining recent legal issues, including class-action lawsuits and key Supreme Court decisions, it illuminates the complex legal framework surrounding HR technology. The study promotes a solution-focused approach, advocating for improvements in data integrity, user interface design, and system interoperability. Additionally, it underlines the importance of including robust reporting and analytics features in time and attendance systems. These suggested strategic changes aim to reduce compliance liabilities, increase productivity, improve data retention practices, and promote a streamlined, legally compliant HR operational framework. This research plays a pivotal role in contributing to the ongoing discourse about enhancing technological infrastructures within Human Resources (HR). It provides insightful perspectives and robust data, serving as a valuable resource for HR professionals, leaders, and decision-makers. The ultimate objective of this study is to attain unparalleled operational excellence and rigorous legal compliance. This not only elevates the standard of HR management systems to new heights but also paves the way for future advancements in this critical field. By fostering a culture of continuous improvement and innovation, this research can inspire the development of more efficient, effective, and legally compliant HR management systems.
Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis Practices and Occurrence of Surgical Site Infections Among Operated Patients at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital, Tanzania
Authors: Kato Peleus , Chotta Nikolas , Juma Mwinyikondo
Published: April 2024

This study was conducted to determine association between perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis practices and occurrence of surgical site infections at Dodoma Regional Referral Hospital in Tanzania. Surgical site infections (SSIs) are preventable complications following surgery, but still cause significant burden in terms of patient morbidity, mortality and increased cost of treatment. A prospective cohort study was conducted among 162 operated patients. Patients with different trends of antibiotic prophylaxis were followed up for occurrence SSIs. Analysis of data was done by SPSS version 20 program using frequency tables, chi square test, Kaplan-meier and Cox regression methods. Significance level of < 0.05 was taken to establish associations between variables. It was found that, 60.5% of patients received preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis, the overall surgical site infections rate was 14.8%. There was no significant difference in occurrence of surgical site infections between patients who received and those who did not receive preoperative antibiotic prophylaxis (p=0.88). The study concluded that SSIs are significant complications. Perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly practiced. Establishment of local protocol on antibiotic prophylaxis and adherence to infection prevention can improve the prevailing situation.
Comparison of Clinical Effects of Intramedullary Nail Internal Fixation and Traditional Steel Plate Internal Fixation in the Treatment of Zhang-Hou Fracture
Authors: Sun Haitao , Xu Dapeng , Qian Weiqing , Xu Bin
Published: April 2024

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyse and compare of the clinical effects of two surgical methods in the treatment of Zhang-Hou fracture; Method: A total of 34 patients with Zhang-Hou fracture diagnosed in our hospital from 2020.08 to 2022.06 were reviewed. Among them, 17 patients were treated with tibial intramedullary nail internal fixation and 17 patients with traditional steel plate internal fixation. The blood loss, operation time, fracture healing time, excellent rate of affected limb function and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups. Result: The operation time, intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time were shorter in the intramedullary nail group, and the excellent rate of limb function in the intramedullary nail group was higher than that in the plate group 6 months after operation, but there was no significant difference between the two groups 12 months after operation. All the patients in the intramedullary nail group hadn’t serious complications after operation. Among the 17 patients in the plate group, 1 patient had wound infection and 1 patient had delayed fracture healing. Conclusion: In the clinical treatment of Zhang-Hou fracture, tibial intramedullary nail internal fixation not only has the advantages of short operation time, less trauma and quick recovery after operation, but also has better functional recovery of the affected limb and less postoperative complications. However, clinicians' learning curve of tibial intramedullary nail internal fixation is relatively long.
Analysis of Clinical Outcomes of Percutaneous Kyphoplasty and Vertebroplasty in the Treatment of Osteoporosis-Induced Vertebral Compression Fracture
Authors: Hossain Md. , Ning Bin , Reyad-ul-Ferdous Md.
Published: April 2024

Percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) and Percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) have become very effective to treating the Osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) and patients can get immediate relief from the pain and it can improve the motor functions of patient’s health status and widely used in clinical practice. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are minimally invasive procedures for the treatment of painful vertebral compression fractures (VCF), which are fractures involving the vertebral bodies that make up the spinal column. Vertebroplasty are most often used to treat an injury called a compression fracture. This kind of injuries are most often caused by osteoporosis, which is the reason of bone weakness and osteoporosis are most common in older people. This study aimed to examine the osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) of Jinan, Shandong province, China, between male and female participants who were over 50 years of age. There are very few pertinent data regarding the relative or absolute contraindication of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP) for severe osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs). The purpose of this research was to assess and contrast the effectiveness of traditional kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty using high-viscosity cement in the treatment of severe OVCFs. In aged people, osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are prevalent and can result in significant osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures. Treatment options for individuals with these types of fractures include conservative measures, percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP), and percutaneous kyphoplasty (PKP). We compared the clinical effectiveness of PVP and PKP in treating osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures in this investigation. Therefore, we conducted a comparative study on Osteoporosis vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) patients who received either PVP or PKP treatment in our hospitals from January 2020 to December 2020 to investigate the clinical efficacy, advantages and disadvantages of the surgical methods, and to provide a reference for clinical selection of treatment methods.
Reservoir Characterization of KD Field Located Onshore of Akwa-Ibom State, Niger Delta, Nigeria Using Well Logs Property Comparison to Seismic Amplitude Analysis
Authors: Oborie Ebiegberi , Adimie Elvis , Macdonald Indighe
Published: April 2024

Characterization of reservoirs defines how well they can generate and store hydrocarbon, reservoir parameters are used to determine the behavior of reservoir fluids under various conditions and to identify the best production practices that can optimize hydrocarbon production, the objective is to identify and map reservoir sand zones using basic logs, provide information about the reservoir depth and thickness using well log data, interpret faults and sealing system using the seismic data and generate amplitude maps and model basic reservoir facies, the method applied was sectioned into three distinct parts that encompasses qualitative well log analysis, seismic interpretation and cross plotting of basic well logs versus amplitude for reservoir characterization, the well data analyzed shows well number 5, 6 and 8 have incomplete GR logs resulting in missing lithology while well 10 have some missing logs, such as, density (DEN) log, neutron porosity (NEU) log and porosity (POR) log, five logs needed for this study were available in the remaining complete wells. These logs include gamma ray (GR) log, resistivity (RES) log, density (DEN) log, neutron porosity (NEU) log, and porosity (POR) log. This study looks at a possible change in log signal due to an increase or decrease in seismic amplitude in characterizing a reservoir sand and how logs are influence with Amplitude peaks and trough.
Comparing the Properties of Well Logs to Seismic Amplitude Analysis to Characterize the Reservoir of the KD Oilfield in Niger Delta, Nigeria
Authors: Adimie Elvis , Macdonald Indighe
Published: April 2024

Well logs and data are integrated in most reservoir exploration to provide a reservoir description, the depth and width of the holding subsurface structure are two reservoir parameters that must be understood in order to quantify viable hydrocarbon reservoirs, these metrics are important because they offer suitable contributions for measuring reservoir volume, the objective is to cross-plot well logs with seismic amplitude to provide reservoir characteristics, map reservoir pay zones and determine reservoir depth and thickness, the method applied in this research were collection of set of data consisting of ten wells information cutting across the Agbada formation and 3D post-stack seismic data acquired from the Niger Delta, set of well log suites and software (Word, Excel and Petrel 2014 version) used for analysis, the result analyzed after various cross plots comparing the amplitudes with well logs reveals several trends were discovered, this indicates that higher amplitudes correspond to higher concentrations of hydrocarbons or water based on peak amplitude versus neutron log cross-plot for well KR-1. This study examines the relationship between well logs and amplitude peaks with troughs, as well as potential changes in log signal resulting from variations in seismic amplitude when assessing reservoir sand.
Measurement of Effective Radium Content and Radon Exhalation Rates in Soil Samples of Adigrat, Tigrai Region, Ethiopia
Authors: Assefa Nigus , Gebremariam Tsigabu
Published: April 2024

The predominant source of radiation exposure for the global population is natural radiation, originating from radioactive elements present in the Earth's soil, air, and water. These elements, such as uranium, radium, and radon, have existed since the planet's formation. Prolonged exposure, particularly in specific geographic locations, significantly contributes to radiation risks for populations. Exposure routes include inhaling radon gas, ingesting radioactive substances in food and water, and direct exposure to terrestrial gamma radiation. While natural radiation exposure generally remains within safe limits, certain factors can elevate risks, such as geological formations rich in radioactive minerals or proximity to nuclear facilities. Environmental conditions and geological factors can also influence radiation levels, leading to fluctuations in exposure risks. Monitoring and regulating radiation exposure are crucial to prevent surpassing permissible levels, which can result in health hazards like an increased risk of cancer. Effective management requires ongoing research, stringent regulations, and public awareness efforts to mitigate the risks associated with natural radiation exposure and protect public health. Effective radium content and radon exhalation rates in soil samples collected from Adigrat in Tigrai state of Ethiopia were experimentally measured by ‘‘Sealed Can Technique’’ using LR-115 type II plastic track detectors. The values of effective radium content were found to vary from16.11 Bq/kg to 34.24 Bq/kg with an average value of 25.93 Bq/kg and a standard deviation of 6.10. The mass and surface exhalation rate has been found to vary from 1.61x10-6 Bq kg-1 d-1 to 3.42 x10-6 Bq kg-1 d-1 and 0.81x10-4 Bq m-2 d-1 to 1.71x10-4Bq m-2 d-1, respectively. The radium content in soil in the study area is below the permissible value of 370 Bq/kg as recommended by Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development.
Study on the Effect of Clay Minerals on CO2 Hydrate Formation
Authors: Han Yuze , Feng Yu , Ge Yang , Li Qingping , Yang Lei , Zhang Lunxiang , Song Yongchen
Published: April 2024

With the massive emission of greenhouse gases, global warming has become an important challenge for human beings at present. Storing carbon dioxide in the form of solid hydrates in the ocean is an effective strategy to mitigate climate warming. Clay in the ocean may have an effect on hydrate formation and CO2 storage. In this study, montmorillonite and kaolinite were selected as clay minerals, and the effects of clay particles on CO2 hydrate formation in suspensions with different mass fractions were experimentally analyzed. The results showed that the clay particles were able to promote hydrate nucleation and shorten the induction time, but the final amount of hydrate was reduced, which was related to the bound water. CO2 hydrate storage in clay minerals with different water contents was investigated. The amount of CO2 storage in montmorillonite minerals first decreased and then increased with the increase of water content, while the amount of storage in kaolinite minerals increased. The reason was that the amount of bound water on the surfaces of montmorillonite and kaolinite was different, and the stronger bound water was difficult to form hydrates. The results revealed the effect of clay particles on CO2 hydrate formation and provided some experimental support for the CO2 storage by hydrate method in the ocean.
Verification Test and Research on Fitting Curve of Shear and Tensile Synthesis Method
Authors: Jianning Zhang , Qing Guo , Sheng Gu , Huanlin Li , Yuewu Zhu
Published: April 2024

Based on the recommended curve of concrete compressive strength tested by shear and tensile composite method, this paper combined with concrete specimens of different strength grades, ages and batches produced by several test verification units, adopted the in vitro shear and tensile test method introduced by the regulations, and used basically the same test equipment to collect the single shear and tensile strength and the compressive strength of cube specimens under the same conditions. Each batch was divided into 15 or 30 specimens. Through the collected test data, the conversion strength of the single shear, pull-out and shear tensile composite methods were calculated respectively. The relative error of a single specimen was calculated based on the average strength of each batch of concrete. The error distribution types and errors of each company were systematically studied, and finally the relative error data of each company were summarized, and the probability distribution parameters of the error of the Shear and tensile synthesis method were understood through probability distribution analysis, and the relationship between the error of the shear and tensile synthesis method, the single shear method and the pull method, and the influence degree on the conversion strength of the shear and tensile synthesis method were shown by using three-dimensional coordinates. Using the test data of "shear and tensile synthesis method", "single shear method" and "pull-out method", the scatter plot is drawn, and the error size is compared to explore the direction of further improving the detection accuracy of "shear and tensile synthesis method".
Environmental Taxation and Sustainable Development in Digital Pollution in México
Authors: Gálvez Reyna
Published: April 2024

Environmental taxation represents an opportunity to encourage technological changes between society and the government, to avoid damage to climate change. The main objective of this work is to contribute to the care of the environment through environmental education, although environmental taxes represent an opportunity to reduce pollution, and some countries are committed to labeling environmental taxes, it would give them greater transparency about the destination of that money raised. Digital pollution has been increasing in recent years, and as a result of the global confinement and isolation of the COVID-19 pandemic, so the UN 2030 Agenda represents a great opportunity to analyze the importance of implementing a fiscal policy environment as a basis for the development of all countries in the care of the environment and sustainable development. The synthetic method was used to analyze the different bibliography in addition to the analytical and documentary method of the proposals of International Organizations and Mexican Laws on the environment. Green taxes must be on the agenda, their implementation and evaluation by governments that translate into federal, state and municipal public policies to advance care for the environment in the future.
The Relationship Between Perceived Social Support and College Adaptation: The Mediating Role of Sense of Meaning in Life
Authors: Feng Jie , Xiao Qian , Mao Xiaoqing
Published: April 2024

Adaptation is an important research topic in developmental psychology. College adaptation is an important challenge faced by college students, and the quality of college adaptation is closely related to students' physical and mental health and development. Social support is an important factor affecting college students' school adaptation. This study mainly explores the role of meaning in life between college students' perceived social support and school adaptation. The study used the College Student Adaptability Inventory, the Perceived Social Support Scale and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire to conduct an online questionnaire survey of 2192 college students. SPSS27.0 software was used for correlation analysis and regression analysis, and the mediating effect of sense of life meaning was tested by Process macro program. The results showed that: (1) there were two significant positive correlations between college students' perceived social support, sense of life meaning and school adaptation; (2) sense of life meaning played a partial mediating role between college students' perceived social support and school adaptation. In a word, college students' perceived social support can not only directly affect their school adaptation level, but also indirectly affect their school adaptation level by affecting their sense of life meaning. Therefore, university student workers need to pay attention to the social support situation of students and strengthen their life education.
Analysis of Seaweed Agroindustry Management in Indonesia: Potential, Challenges, and Prospects
Authors: NULL Tabrani , Angkasa Wisman , Deviarni Ika
Published: April 2024

This study analyzes seaweed agro-industry management in Indonesia with a focus on its potential, challenges, and prospects. The potential of seaweed agroindustry in Indonesia can be seen from the wealth of abundant seaweed natural resources and the diversity of species in various regions. The domestic and export markets are promising, with seaweed applications in the food, cosmetic, pharmaceutical and other industrial raw materials industries. However, challenges in seaweed agro-industry management are also significant, such as complex licensing, limited production technology, and challenges in marketing and distribution. Environmental sustainability is also an important issue that needs attention. To overcome these challenges, seaweed agro-industry management in Indonesia needs to be carried out comprehensively, involving the identification of relevant stakeholders, sustainable natural resource management, production technology innovation, and effective marketing strategies. The prospects for seaweed agro-industry development include market growth potential, export opportunities and strengthening competitiveness, agro-industry cluster development, as well as the government's role in encouraging the development of this sector. This study concludes that seaweed agro-industry management in Indonesia has great potential to be developed. Despite facing significant challenges, with the right strategic measures, the sector can develop sustainably. The implications and recommendations of this research are expected to help policy makers, industry players, and researchers in supporting the development of seaweed agroindustry in Indonesia.
Evaluation of Obstacles to Low Coverage of Routine Vitamin A Supplementation in 2021 in the Guédiawaye Health District in Dakar, Senegal
Authors: Camara Maty , Ba Mouhamadou , Diallo Yoro , Fall Ibrahima , Bassoum Oumar , Diongue Mayacine , Tine Jean , Sougou Ndeye , Leye Mamadou , Faye Adama , Seck Ibrahima
Published: April 2024

Introduction: Micronutrient deficiencies, particularly the most serious deficiencies of iron, vitamin A and iodine, are a major public health problem in developing countries. Vitamin A deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies and one of the most serious, as it greatly increases the risk of death and predisposes to numerous infectious diseases. Routine vitamin A supplementation in children aged between 6 and 59 months is the strategy used in Senegal to combat micronutrient deficiencies. The aim of this study is therefore to assess the obstacles to the low coverage of routine vitamin A supplementation (VAS) in the Guédiawaye district of Dakar in 2022. Methodology: This is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study using a quantitative and qualitative method. The cluster sampling method was chosen for the quantitative study. The study population consisted of all mothers/caregivers of children aged 06 to 59 months, providers, and community stakeholders. Results: The practice of supplementation was statistically related to the level of education of those surveyed (p=0.00), communication by health workers (p=0.001) and community stakeholders (P=0.003). Knowledge of the benefits on child growth (p=0.003), the fight against blindness (0.017), the strengthening of the immune system (p=0.001) and the fight against infections (p=0.002) are statistically linked to the practice of VAS. Non-supplementation with vitamin A was 2.3 times higher among children aged over 24 months (p= 0.016); 3.1 times higher among uneducated women (P=0.001) and 3 times higher (0.001) among women who had received no information about VAS. The qualitative results show that a number of reasons were given, including lack of familiarity with the schedule, forgetting to keep appointments at different times, stopping the vaccination cycle and household chores. Conclusion: the obstacles to vitamin A supplementation in Guédiawaye are mainly linked to a lack of knowledge about vitamin A and the non-existence of a proper VAS communication strategy. Hence the need to step up communication with the public.
Comparative Investigation of Pressure Effect on Structural Stability, Electronic and Optical Response of LaXO3 (X = Al, In, Ga) for Optoelectronic Applications
Authors: Moin Muhammad , Anwar Abdul , Babar Mehrunisa , Thumu Udayabhaskararao , Ali Anwar
Published: April 2024

A first principle study intense on the density functional theory with Heydscuseria-Ernzerhof screened hybrid functional hybrid function (HSEO6) is used to assess the structural, Electronic, elastic, mechanical and optical responses of LaXO3 (X = Al, In, Ga) perovskite materials. The compressive investigation under the external static isotropic pressure (P= 0 to 80GaP), phase stability, band structure and their important impact on the optical response of LaAlO3, LaInO3 and LaGaO3. Electronic band structure shows that LaXO3 (X = Al, In Ga) semiconductor with indirect band gap and an optically inactive response up to 20GPa, while the band gap becomes direct at 80GaP. There are gamma points (G-X-Q) at 80GPa and the band gap changes from indirect to direct nature. Under main desperation physical parameters of perovskite materials are well explained the response of TDOS, PDOS and EPDOS contour plots have been well understood for the full description of the band gap. It is further observed that the external pressure enhanced upto 40GPa both materials are significantly more mechanically stable compared to pristine LaXO3 (X = Al, In, Ga) at 0GPa. The optical properties of LaAlO3, LaGaO3 and LaInO3, dielectric coefficient (ε1, iε2) have been employed along with the optical responses like absorption, energy loss function, reflectivity and reflective index are obtained in the energy scale from 0 to 60 eV. It was observed that static dielectric constant decreases with the decrease in optical band gap. The optical tunings under the effect of pressure which are good candidates in practical optoelectronic applications are extensively used and interpreted by the calculation of the dielectric function.