bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
PERSEPSI MAHASISWA PARIWISATA TERHADAP PERKULIAHAN PRAKTIK SECARA DARING: STUDI KASUS PROGRAM MANAJEMEN DIVISI KAMAR, POLITEKNIK PARIWISATA BALI
Authors: Adi Ida Ayu Sri Puspa , Suprastayasa I Gusti Ngurah Agung
Published: March 2022

This study aims to determine students' perceptions of online learning in practical courses at the Bali Tourism Polytechnic during the corona virus (COVID-19) pandemic. The students’ perceptions are limited to the aspects of teaching and learning, capabilities (lecturers' abilities), and facilities and infrastructure. The population in this study were all students of Room Division Management program of the Bali Tourism Polytechnic. The sample was taken using a purposive sampling technique which only focused on students who were taking practical courses in the Room Division Management program. Data were collected using online questionnaires and in-depth interviews with several students to obtain more detailed information. The data analysis technique used qualitative analysis consisting of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion. The results showed that students' perceptions of online learning in practical courses are positive, with details of the teaching and learning aspects of 67%, the aspects of capabilities (lecturers' abilities) of 94%, and of the aspects of facilities and infrastructure of 79%. Based on the results of the interview, it was found that the problem lies in the devices owned by students that are not compatible to access online learning so it is difficult to do practicum at home.
Effect of Giving Ethanol Extract of Red Dragon Fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) on Immunohistochemical Overview of CD40 in Cardiac Aorta of Male Wistar Rat (Rattus norvegicus) Induced by Cooking Oil
Authors: Manihuruk Fani Nuryana
Published: March 2022

Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular disease that can cause death such as coronary heart disease. The use of used cooking oil can cause the formation of free fatty acids, trans fatty acids and free radicals that can trigger atherosclerosis. One of the biomarkers of atherosclerosis is CD40. Red dragon fruit contains anthocyanins which act as antioxidants and anti-inflammatory. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) (EEBNM) on CD40 immunohistochemistry in the heart aorta of male wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) induced by cooking oil. This research is true experimental with randomized post-test-only control group design. The number of samples was 35 male wistar rats consisting of 7 groups. Group K0 (Standard normal diet). In group P1, P2 was given cooking oil 5 times for frying with EEBNM doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg BW per day. P3, P4 were given cooking oil 10 times for frying with EEBNM doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg BW per day. P5, P6 were given cooking oil 15 times for frying with EEBNM doses of 60 and 90 mg/kg BW per day for 60 days. The results of the kruskal-wallis test showed that there was a significant difference between the seven treatment groups (p-value=0.039). The results of the mann-whitney test in the treatment (P2) of frying 5 times at a dose of 90 mg/kg BW on the CD40 count the results showed a significant difference. This study proves that the ethanolic extract of red dragon fruit (Hylocereus polyrhizus) can reduce the number of CD40 in the heart aorta of male wistar rats induced by cooking oil.

Keywords: Atherosclerosis, Cooking Oil, Red Dragon Fruit, CD40.
Physiotherapy for Anterior Knee Pain - A Narrative Review
Authors: Shah Manali K , Sheth Megha S
Published: March 2022

Background: Anterior knee pain (AKP) is a common musculoskeletal complaint including pathologies like patellofemoral pain syndrome (PFPS), patellar or quadriceps tendinopathy and patellar instability. PFPS is the commonest of all, described as retro-patellar or anterior knee aching with diffuse pain most prominent when ascending or descending stairs, squatting, or sitting for prolonged periods with the knees flexed. It is a multifactorial condition with various treatment approaches being suggested. However, there is no clear physiotherapy protocol to be followed for the same.
Objectives: This review aimed at finding recent advances in rehabilitation approaches (non-surgical and non-pharmaceutical) for patients with PFPS in last 5 years.
Methods: 35 published articles were found from Google scholar, PubMed (NLM) and PEDrO databases and 19 studies were included in this reviewed.
Conclusion: Five treatment protocols emerged from the reviewed articles: hip and knee muscle strengthening, core muscle strengthening, patellar taping, stretching and spinal mobilization. The current review suggested that a multimodal conservative management is more beneficial in these kind of patients.

Keywords: Anterior knee pain, Physiotherapy, Patellofemoral pain.
Effects of the COVID-19 Lockdown on the Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior in Elementary School Children
Authors: Katalkar Priyadarshani , D’souza Georgia
Published: March 2022

School is an important place for children and youth as they spend a considerable amount of their time staying active. Due to social distancing norms, schools were closed indefinitely. The present study thus intends to find out whether parent-reported changes were appreciated in children’s physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) during the lockdown from pre-lockdown periods. 310 participants were recruited for this purpose. This online subjective questionnaire assessed the time spent in 6 common types of PA and 10 common types of SB for children. The link to the survey was circulated in the study population via various online social media platforms which was then submitted using Google forms. It was found that around 55% of the students were engaged in the most common types of PA like free play /unstructured activities for 1-5 days during lockdown, however, only 50% were active for all 7 days in the week before the lockdown despite no restrictions. School-based P.E also saw a major decline during the lockdown (only 12% of students had P.E for 2 days/week) in contrast to pre lockdown period (60%). Children increased their screen time for school related coursework (doing homework, attending online classes) and for leisure (watching TV, surfing the internet, playing video games). There could be immediate variations in PA and SB in response to COVID-19, predisposing children and youth to increased risk of gaining non-communicable diseases as well as musculoskeletal injuries in the long run. Thus, educational institutes, teachers, parents and elders must indulge children into staying active throughout the day and across the entire school year for the next few months of the pandemic.

Keywords: Physical activity, sedentary behavior, elementary school children, lockdown, COVID-19.
Family Health History and Trending to Prediabetes- a Warning Signal to Change of Life Style: A Review
Authors: Kunnathoor Chacko Thresiamma
Published: March 2022

Diabetes mellitus is one of the main threats to human health in the 21st century. Prediabetes can go years without being detected until it reaches serious consequences. Increasing prevalence of type 2diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in children in developing countries should not be neglected at all. This future adult population, if they are given awareness to change in lifestyle and diet pattern at their adolescent age, definitely could help to control the disease group to a certain extent. Traditional diabetes education might not be sufficient to control diabetes. Early awareness on prediabetes and how much is the risk of prediabetes to diabetes and its consequences are important. The impact of family health history on the individual perception of the disease may vary between individuals and between diseases. These perceptions could be used to motivate preventive health behaviour such as promotion of screening or behaviour change (alcoholism or smoking), diet pattern and exercise modifications. Changes in life style like reduced physical activity and sedentary behaviour in relation to COVID-19 may also become increased risk to life style diseases.
Training and empowering of health care providers for delivering adequate health message is important.

Keywords: Prediabetes, Genetic factor, life style, Health care.
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
Authors:   Dr. Mrs. GULRUKH SALIMhas done Msc. in Toxicology, M.B.A. in Management, SALIM Dr. GULRUKH
Published: March 2022

This book is Emotional intelligence comes with motivation, and motivation is result of good communication, effective communication cycle starts from sender of the message to and delivered to receiver which gives feedback, medium is important in case of communication, air, Electronic medium all multimedia facets can be used in communication. The words in communication should be put like pearls in necklace, The words should smell like roses in banquets with their aesthetic essence. Words spoken once cannot be taken back so be cautions while your speak.
DYNAMIC CHANGES OF TISSUE ENZYMES AND THE ITS INFLUENCE ON WOUND HEALING OF NASAL MUCOSA IN THE POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD
Authors:   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Crimea., Zavalii Marianna A. , Orel Aleksey N. ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Crimea., Krylova Tatianna A. ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Crimea., Kedrovskiy Denis M. ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Academy named after S.I. Georgievsky of Vernadsky CFU, Simferopol, Crimea., Vicheva Dilyana ,   Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical Faculty, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
Published: March 2022

Intranasal surgery is widely spread all over the world and has the leading position among all otorhinolaryngological surgical interventions. However, any surgery makes sensitive trauma to the ciliaryepithelium that covers the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses despite the modern technics of operations. That’s why reveling peculiarities, patterns and ways of correction of nasal mucosa regeneration in the postoperative period is very important for clinicians. So the main aim of our paper is to investigate the role of some tissue enzymes in the process of nasal mucosa regeneration after surgical interventions on the structures of the nasal cavity in adults. As a result of our investigation, the role of some tissue enzymes was shown. We have based the usage of drugs that influence wound healing. Thus, the proper medicines have positive effects on the regeneration processes of the ciliated epithelium. A more thorough investigation of the role of these enzymes will allow developing methods of its correction for improving the efficiency of endonasal surgery rapid and qualitative recovery of mucociliary clearance.
Oxidation-affected zone in the sintered ZrB2–SiC–HfB2 composites
Authors: Dodi Ebrahim , Balak Zohre , Kafashan Hosein
Published: March 2022

Understanding the behavior of ultra-high temperature ceramics (UHTCs) against oxidation is of particular importance in high-temperature applications. In this study, ZrB2–SiC–HfB2 UHTC composites were fabricated by spark plasma sintering (SPS) method at different temperatures, times, and pressures to investigate the effects of sintering process variables on their oxidation resistance. Before the oxidation tests, the as-sintered samples contained ZrB2 and SiC phases with (Zr,Hf)B2 solid solution. The samples were subjected to oxidative conditions at 1400 °C and their relative mass changes were measured as a function of oxidation time up to 20 hours. FESEM and EDS equipment were used for microstructural and elemental analyzes of cross-sections of different oxide layers. Due to the oxygen diffusion, ZrO2 and SiO2 phases appeared alongside (Zr, Hf)O2 in the surface layers. After identifying the several oxides and SiC-depleted layers in the oxidation-affected zone, a schematic model for the arrangement of such layers was proposed.
Effect of Integrated sessions of anatomy and physiology on academic performance: A pilot study
Authors: Haque Ayesha , Naveed Ayesha , Ashraf Muhammad Imran , Rana Shazana , Mirza Tayyeba Iftikhar , Ghassan Ayesha
Published: March 2022

Aim: To conduct integrated sessions of anatomy and physiology for ascending tracts and determine its effect on academic performance and determine perceptions of the students regarding its effectiveness. Methods: Using nonprobability convenience sampling, fifty-three students were selected from first year BDS and were divided into group 1 and 2 comprising of 27 and 26 students respectively. Group 1 learned anatomy and physiology of ascending tracts through four integrated sessions while group 2 was taught same content through traditional teaching sessions. At the end of sessions, knowledge was assessed and compared through a MCQ based exam. Questionnaire based perceptions were gathered about the integrated sessions from the participants belonging to group 1. Results: The mean score of the students from group 1 (34.8 ± 6.53) was higher than that of group 2 (31.36 ± 5.71) (P<0.05). Most of the students positively perceived this method of teaching and felt that it was more understandable, motivating, interesting and they would prefer this method over traditional teaching. Conclusion: Integrated sessions for anatomy and physiology of ascending tracts enhanced academic performance and were positively perceived by the students. Keywords: Anatomy, Physiology, Integration, Medical education, Motivation.
A Clinicopathological Analysis of 75 Salivary Gland Tumors at Mayo Hospital, Lahore
Authors: Mahmood Hafiz Nasir , Haseeb Ahmad Abdul , Riaz Nabeela , Firdous Saadia , Hanif Saba , Khan Shammas Raza
Published: March 2022

Aim: To describe the clinic-o-pathological pattern of patients presented with salivary gland tumors at Department of Maxillofacial surgery Mayo hospital Lahore during time period of one year from 1st January 2019 to 31st December 2019. Methods: This was a retrospective cross-sectional study conducted at Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Mayo Hospital Lahore. 75 cases of Salivary gland tumors in the head and neck region were identified. Patient’s medical record and pathology reports were retrieved and carefully reviewed by a senior doctor to collect basic demographic data as well as tumor related information. Data entry and analysis was done with the help of SPSS version-26. Chi Square Test/Fisher exact test was applied to see the association between qualitative variables. Results: In this study Mean age of patients in this study was 40.45±13.18. Male patients were predominant as compared to female patients; Male 53.3% & Female 46.7%.The most frequent tumor among patients was Pleomorphic Adenoma (61.3%) followed by Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma (17.3%), Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma (13.3%), Warthin’s Tumor (4%), Squamous cell Carcinoma of Parotid (2.7%) and adenocarcinoma (1.3%) respectively. However no significant association was seen between salivary gland tumors with age and gender of patients (p-value=0.521). Conclusion: Among the benign salivary gland tumors pleomorphic adenoma is the most common tumor whereas among malignant salivary gland tumors adenoid cystic carcinoma is the most frequent occurring tumor. Keywords: Salivary gland Tumors, Maxillofacial Surgery, Pathological Pattern,
Dimensions of Lumbar Spinal Canal in subjects with and without low back pain
Authors: Irshad Faiza , Ahmed Sarfraz , Saeed Haroon , Saleem Anber , Abdullah Muhammad Saad , Butt Muhammad Tajammal , Nishat Mufassar , Khan Muhammad Afzal
Published: March 2022

Background: Degenerative changes and mechanical stress lead to lumbar spinal canal stenosis resulting in low back pain. Various factors such as genetic, malnutrition, systemic disturbance and trauma may affect the size of lumbar spinal canal. Aim: To record the dimensions of lumbar spinal canal in symptomless adult male and female subjects and compare them with those with low back pain. Study design: Cross-sectional population study Study place Allama Iqbal Memorial Teaching Hospital Khawaja Muhammad Safdar Medical College, Sialkot Study duration February to November 2020 Material and methods: Anteroposterior and transverse diameters and cross sectional areas of the spinal canal were measured on CT scans using ImageJ1.47v at levels L1 to L5 in adult male and female subjects with and without low back pain. Results: Anteroposterior diameter was smaller at level L1in females with pain. Transvers diameter was significantly smaller in females with pain at L2, L3 and L5 and at L3-5 than in those without pain. Comparison of male subjects with and without pain showed significant difference at L5 while similar comparison was significant at L1 and L4 in the females. Highly significant difference (p < 0.0001) was observed at L2 to L5 among the males and L1 to L5 in the females when cross sectional areas were compared for the two groups. Conclusion: Subjects with pain had significantly lower values of various dimensions of the lumbar spinal canal in both sexes. The study has provided gender specific reference data which could be helpful in clinical assessment of spinal canal stenosis Keywords: Lumbar spine, spinal canal, morphometry, low back pain, spinal canal stenosis
A-Effects of Drugs on Spontaneous Contractions of Rabbit Jejunum
Authors: Iqbal Sohail , Sultana Ulfat , Sultana Tajwar , Sultana Tajwar , . Sadeeqa , Irshad Faiza , Sharwani Farah Khan , Nishat Mufassar
Published: March 2022

Aim: To find out possible to determine effect of C. reflexa extract on spontaneous contractions of rabbit jejunum. Methods: Animal experimental in vitro study from 1st October 2017 to 30 September 2018 at Pharmacology experimental lab, Wah Medical College Wah Cantt. Study model was Isolated pieces of rabbit jejunum and ileum. Sampling Technique used was Simple Random. Tissue considered fit for experiment after initial equilibration and stabilization. Result: Three increasing concentrations (0.1mg/ml, 0.2mg/ml and 0.4mg/ml) of C. reflexa extract decreased the response to 3.83±0.40, 2.33±0.33 and 1.33± 0.21mm. Decrease in response was significant with p- value 0.04, 0.008 and 0.003 respectively. Conclusion: Freshly prepared aqueous solution of crude extract of C. reflexa decreases the amplitude of spontaneous contractions of isolated rabbit jejunum. Keywords: Rabbit jejunum, effect of drug
Abnormal Liver Function Test during Pregnancy also Determine the Maternal and Fetal Outcomes
Authors: Jamil Shazia , Mahmood Naveed , Mahmood Kinza , Imran Rabiah , Anwaar Izza , Anwaar Maheen , Haque Israr-ul-
Published: March 2022

Objective: The goal of this study was to look into the clinical profile, incidence, and potential reasons of liver function test abnormalities among pregnant women. Study Design: Prospective/Observational study Place and Duration: Department of Medicine, OMC Hospital, Jail Road Lahore from February, 2020 to June, 2021. Methods: There were one hundred and five pregnant women had liver dysfunction were included. Age of the patients was between 19-45 years. All patients provided written consent before having their demographic data collected, including their age, BMI, gender, and trimester of pregnancy. Association of symptoms among presented patients was also recorded. Females were underwent for liver test to diagnose abnormalities. Prevalence of liver disease abnormalities and maternal outcomes were assessed in this study. We used SPSS 22.0 version to analyze complete data. Results: Mean age of the pregnant females was 26.47±7.49 years and had mean BMI 24.11±3.34 kg/m2. Majority of the patients 60 (57.1%) had parity I. Mean gestational age of the patients was 33.13±5.33 weeks. We found that majority of the patients were in 65 (61.9%) third trimester. Oedema, headache and fever were the most common symptoms presented. Prevalence of abnormal liver function test was among 85 (80.9%) cases. Most common cause was hyperemesis gravidarum found in 57 (54.3%) cases followed by hepatitis in 48 (45.7%) cases. Most common syndrome was HELLP 35 (33.3%) and AFLP in 18 (17.1%) females. Frequency of pre-eclampsia was in 29 (27.6%) cases. C-section was carried out in 36 (34.3%) cases. No maternal mortality found in our study but rate of mortality in fetals were 24 (28.2%). Conclusion: During the third trimester of pregnancy, pregnancy-related illnesses are the most common reason for abnormal liver function tests. Usually, pre-eclampsia is the root of this problem. Keywords: Pregnancy, Liver Dysfunction, LFT, Outcomes
The Analysis of Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs) in Thalassemia Patients
Authors: Batool Tayyaba , Nawab Shaheena , Mehmood Badar , Younas Nadeem Shahid , Khan Muhammad Irfan , Nadeem Khadija
Published: March 2022

Objective: To find out the analysis of transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) in β-thalassemia patients at a tertiary care hospital of South Punjab, Pakistan. Study Design: A cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of the Study: The Department of Hematological Disorder, Thalassemia and Bone Marrow Transplantation Centre, and Department of Biochemistry, “Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Quaid e Azam Medical College”, Bahawalpur, Pakistan from February January 2020 to December 2021. Methodology: Patients of blood transfusion-dependent 𝛽-thalassaemia of both genders and aged 5 to 12 years were analyzed. Blood was collected from patients aseptically and serum separated in Eppendorf tubes and stored at –200C. Screening for hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), syphilis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) were performed through Chemiluminescence Immunoassay (CLIA) technique. Results: In a total of 1212 patients, 745 (61.5%) were male. Overall, mean age was calculated to be 8.7±4.6 years while 874 (72.1%) patients were below 10 years of age. There were 866 (71.5%) patients who belonged to rural areas of residence. Parental consanguineous marriages were reported in 951 (78.5%) cases. There were 205 (16.9%) patients who were found to have TTIs. Out of these 205 patients, 169 (13.9%) were having HCV, 11 (0.9%) HBV, 20 (1.7%) syphilis whereas HIV was noted in 5 (0.4%) patients. Conclusion: Prevalence of TTIs was found to be high among multi-transfused patients of β-thalassemia. Most common types of TTIs were HCV which is consistent to what has previously been reported in the local literature. Identification of HIV in 0.5% cases in the present study is pointing towards disturbing development regarding spread of HIV in our region. Keywords: β-thalassemia, blood transfusion, hepatitis C, hepatitis B, human immunodeficiency virus.
Frequency of Hyperthyroidism among Patients with Congestive Heart Failure Presenting at Tertiary Care Hospital, Peshawar
Authors: Din Noor , Latif Abdul , Rahman Atif Ur , Ali Sajjad , Parvez Muzdalfa
Published: March 2022

Objective: To determine the frequency of hyperthyroidism among patients with congestive heart failure presenting at tertiary care hospital, Peshawar. Design of the Study: The study design was descriptive cross sectional. Study Settings: The study was conducted at Cardiology Department, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from 18 Sept, 2019 to 18 Mar, 2020. Material and Methods: 5cc of venous blood was taken and sent to hospital laboratory for screening of the hyperthyroidism. All the laboratory investigations were carried out by single experience pathologist having minimum of five years of experience. Results of the Study: As per frequencies and percentages for hyperthyroidism, only 08 (4%) patient presented with CHF were recorded with hyperthyroidism Conclusion: In my study I have come to this conclusion that hyperthyroidism can cause high cardiac output and left ventricular hypertrophy, therefore, early and effective treatment of hyperthyroidism is highly recommended in preventing thyrotoxic cardiomyopathy. Keywords: Hyperthyroidism, heart failure, atrial fibrillation, subclinical hyperthyroidism
Association between Vitamin-D Deficiency and Knee Osteoarthritis
Authors: Afzal Tanveer , Iqbal Safdar , Rehman Saif ur , Haq Abrar-ul- , Abidin Muhammad Zain-ul- , Aslam Farhan
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To determine the association between vitamin-D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis. Design and Settings: It was a case-control study performed at Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore over 9 months from September 2020 to May 2021. Study Procedure: This study involved 60 both male and female patients aged between 30-70 years presenting with either osteoarthritis of knee (taken as cases, n=30) or healthy attendants of patients without osteoarthritis of knee (taken as controls, n=30). Serum vitamin D level was acquired in all the study participants and vitamin D deficiency was labeled if it was ≤20ng/ml. Frequency of vitamin D deficiency was then compared between cases and controls and odds ratio was determined. An informed on paper consent was acquired from every study participant. Findings: The mean age of the patients was 52.2±10.5 years. We observed a female predominance (M:F; 1:1.4). 22 (36.7%) patients were obese while 26 (43.3%) patients belonged to middle socioeconomic class. Majority (n=33, 55.0%) of the patients had rural residence. The rate of vitamin D deficiency was considerably higher in patients with OA knee as compared to controls (70.0% vs. 16.7%; p-value<0.001; 95% CI OR=11.67). Conclusion: In the current study, we recognized statistically significant association between vitamin D deficiency and knee osteoarthritis regardless of patient’s age, gender, BMI and socioeconomic and residential status which advocates routine assessment of vitamin D among patients presenting in orthopedic outdoor so that timely identification and anticipated management of vitamin D deficiency may improve the outcome of such cases in future orthopedic practice. Keywords: Osteoarthritis, Vitamin D, Vitamin D Deficiency
Comparision of Mean Duration of Induction to Delivery in Isosorbide Mononitrate (Imn) plus Misoprostol between Misoprostol alone in Post-Term Pregnancies
Authors: . Kiran , Khero Razia Bahadur , Jhulan Midhat Hyder , Farzana Rukia , Karim Kanwal , Rafique Madiha
Published: March 2022

Objective: To compare mean duration of induction to delivery in patients induced with isosorbide mononitrate (IMN) plus misoprostol versus misoprostol alone, among women with post-term pregnancies. Study Design: A Randomized Controlled Trial Place and duration: Study was conducted at department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Peoples University of Medical and Health Sciences for Women, Nawabshah, Sindh, from 15 May 2018 to 15 November 2018. Methodology: Total 102 pregnant women who were presented in outpatients and emergency department of hospital were recruited in this study. Study patients were divided into two equal groups by simple random method. In groups A patients IMN 40mg was used for induction of labor followed by 50 µg misoprostol and misoprostol (50 µg) alone in group B. Mean duration of induction to delivery were recorded from both groups. SPSS version 23 was used for data entry and analysis. Results: Mean age, gestational age and parity of patients were 22.9±3.7 years, 40.22±2.3 weeks and 2.9±3 respectively. Overall 39 (38.23%) patients were diabetics, 30 (58.82%) patients were anemic in our study. Mean duration of induction to delivery of group A was 32.9±3.8 hours and duration of group B was 37.2±3.6 (p-value=0.0001). Conclusion: Isosorbide mononitrate is a useful and effective medicine for artificial ripening of cervix having capability to reduce the interval of labor. Keywords: Post-term pregnancy, duration of induction to delivery, isosorbide mononitrate (IMN), misoprostol alone.
Incidence of Adenocarcinoma with Gleason Grade in Clinically Enlarged Prostate Glands
Authors: . Abeer , Kalsoom Farah , Malik Anum , Khwaja Aneela , Alvi Nusrat , Ejaz Asma
Published: March 2022

Background: Prostatic cancer is the 2nd most common malignancy in men. The understanding of incidence of malignancy along with Gleason grading of tumor is significant that led the development of investigations for early detection and prompt treatment of patients Aims: The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of malignancies with Gleason grade in patients with clinically enlarge prostate glands. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross sectional study conducted in Rahbar medical and dental college from 100 patients with clinically enlarge prostate glands from January 2018 to December 2020. Results: A total 100 prostatic biopsies were examined histologically from January 2018 to December 2020. Out of 100 biopsies 12(12%) cases were diagnosed as adenocarcinoma and 88 (88%) were benign lesions. The age of patients ranges from 52 to 95 years with mean age of patients was 73.5 years. Majority (41.66 %) of adenocarcinomas reported as Gleason grade group 5. In 16.66 % cases the malignancy was incidental as clinically there was no any suspicion of carcinoma. Perineural invasion was noted in 66.66% of adenocarcinomas, and in 16.66% of cases lymphovascular invasion was reported, that correlates with higher grade of tumor. Conclusion: Majority of the tumor diagnosed were in grade group 4 that shows increased death rate. Prostate cancer is continue to rise and screening of every patient with enlarge prostate should be done for early detection of malignancy. Keywords: prostate gland, adenocarcinoma, Gleason grade
Correlation of serum TSH levels with serum ferritin levels in children of β thalassemia major presenting at tertiary care hospital
Authors: Shoaib Faghia , Saeed Rabia , Khan Sara , Siddiqa Ayesha , Bashir Sibgha , Safdar Shoaib
Published: March 2022

Objective: To study the correlation of serum TSH levels with serum ferritin levels in children of β thalassemia major presenting at tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: Between April 2020 and October 2020 total 88 patients of β thalassemia major having age 5-15 years either male or female were selected from Department of Pathology, Sheikh Zaid Hospital, Rahim Yar Khan. Correlation of between ferritin and TSH levels was studies. Results: Mean age was 8.02 ± 2.792 years, mean TSH level was 3.9564 ± 2.38263 µIU/ml, mean ferritin level was 3282.84 ± 1782.013 ng/dl and mean duration of blood transfusion was 3.23 ± 1.328 years. (Table 1) Out of 88 patients, 67 (76%) were males and 21 (24%) were females. TSH levels was negatively correlated with ferritin levels which was not significant (r = -0.073, P= 0.496). Conclusion: In this study negative correlation was detected between ferritin and TSH levels. Difference of mean ferritin and TSH level among both gender, age group was detected. Key words: β thalassemia, TSH, ferritin, haemoglobin
An Assessment of Port Site Infection in Patients Underwent Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Javed Saleem , Sherani Azizullah Khan , Bhutta Irtiza Ahmed
Published: March 2022

Objective: To assess the port site infection in patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Material and methods: The descriptive study was conducted at Department of Surgery, Sandeman Provincial Hospital Quetta from February 2021 to August 2021. Total 90 patients of gallstone, both male and female, age between 20-70 years and ASA grade II and III were recruited. All the selected patients were underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. All the surgeries were performed under general anesthesia. Port site infection was assessed in selected patients. Results: Mean age of the patients was 41.28 ± 13.75 years. Out of 90 patients of gallstone, port site infections was found in 8 (9%) patients. Two age groups (20-45 years and 46-70 years) were created. Total 55 (61.11%) patients were between 20-45 years while 35 (38.89%) patients were between 46-70 years. Port site infection was found in 4 (7.27%) and 4 (11.43%) patients respectively. Association of port site infection with age group was not significant (P = 0.706). Males were 34 (60.71%) and females were 56 (62.22%). Port site infection was noted in 2 (5.88%) males while in 6 (10.71%) females. Association of port site infection with gender was not significant (P= 0.705). Conclusion: Results of present revealed that port site infection was developed in few patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Most of the patients were between 20-45 years. Females were more victim of gallstone as compared to males. Obese and non-diabetics had not association with development of port site infection. Key words: Laparoscopy, gallstone, port site infection.
Association of Urinary Incontinence with Instrumental Vaginal Delivery in Females Presenting at Term in Labor
Authors: Alqai Sodat , Naz Sobia , Munir Shamila Ijaz
Published: March 2022

Objectives: To find the association of urinary incontinence with instrumental vaginal delivery among women presenting at term in labor at a tertiary care hospital. Material and methods: Between August 2020 to February 2021 total 180 (90 patients in un-exposed, 90 patients in exposed group) pregnant women delivering at term with either instrumental vaginal delivery or spontaneous vaginal delivery having age 20-40 years, gestation age 37-41 weeks were selected from Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, Lahore. Association of urinary incontinence with instrumental vaginal delivery among women presenting at term in labor were studied. Results: Mean age of patients was 30.17 ± 5.87 years with age range 20-40 years. In un-exposed group, urinary incontinence was develop in 6 (6.67%) patients and in exposed group, urinary incontinence was develop in 21 (23.33%) patients. Difference of urinary incontinence between the both groups was statistically significant (P=0.004. Findings also showed that there is 3.5 times more risk of development of urinary incontinence in exposed group as compared to un-exposed group. (RR = 3.5) Conclusion: This study concluded that the frequency of urinary incontinence is higher after instrumental vaginal delivery among women presenting at term in labor as compared to spontaneous vaginal delivery. Keywords: urinary incontinence, instrumental, vaginal delivery.
Prevalence of Potent Drug Interactions in Malarial Patients and its Related Physiology
Authors: Bashir Adnan , Kamran Jaleel , Azeem Abdul
Published: March 2022

Objective: To find the prevalence of drug-drug interaction in malarial patients. Study Design: Retrospective study Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacology, Watim Medical & Dental College, Islamabad Rawat from 1ST May 2021 to 30th November 2021. Methodology: Eighty malarial patients were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups with 40 patients in each group. Group A had patients only suffering from malaria while Group B was malarial patients who were also having co-morbidity. There drug-drug interaction was analyzed and prevalence determined. Results: The mean age was 22.1±3.2 years. There was greater than 5 days’ hospital stay in 62.5% cases with malaria in addition to co-morbidities. The drug interaction was present in 8 cases out of 40 in group A while 20 in group B. Conclusion: The potential of drug-drug interaction is as high as 35% in malarial patients Key words: Malaria, Drug interaction, Diabetes mellitus, Comorbid
Frequency of Visceral Injury and Post-Operative Port Site Hernia from Direct Trocar Insertion for Gaining Access to Peritoneal Cavity in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Khan Nadir Saifullah , Shahzad Talat , Naz Saman , Khan Ulas , Saleem Mohammad , Khan Haris Ali
Published: March 2022

Aim: To see the frequency of visceral injury and port site hernia from direct trocar entry in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, District Headquarters Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from 1st December 2017 to 20th September 2019. Methodology: Two hundred and sixty patients requiring laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. Direct trocar technique was used for peritoneal first port entry using retractable trocar in all patients. Demographic characteristics of the patients, as well as intraoperative visceral injury and post operative port site hernia formation were recorded. Results: Majority of study participants were females: 229 (88 %) women while remaining men. Mean age of study population was recorded as 37±8 years. Females were older than males (p > 0.05).We have not seen a single case of visceral injury or hernia formation in our study. Conclusions: The blind technique with retractable port is safe for first port entry into peritoneum in terms of visceral injury and also hernia formation. Key words: Direct trocar, Laparoscopic cholecystectomy, Visceral injury, Port site hernia
Role of Critical View of Safety in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy
Authors: Shahzad Talat , Khan Nadir Saifullah , Khan Ulas , Naz Saman , Khan Haris Ali , Saleem Mohammad
Published: March 2022

Background: Biliary injury is frequently seen as a complication after laparoscopic removal of gall bladder. In order to minimize the occurrence of this dreadful complication, “critical view of safety” involving dissection in the triangle of Calot’s and subsequent recognition of cystic structures before surgery has been proposed. Objective: To determine the role of critical view of safety in laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Study Design: Descriptive cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Benazir Bhutto Shaheed Teaching Hospital Abbottabad from 1st January 2018 to 30th September 2019. Methods: Three hundred patients requiring laparoscopic cholecystectomy were enrolled. Before clipping, the cystic artery and duct were isolated by critical view of safety. Demographic data of patients in addition to occurrence of intra-operative or post-operative complications was recorded. Results: Majority of study participants were females, 264 (88%) females and 36 (12 %) males. Females were older than males (p>0.05). Operative findings included non inflamed gall bladders in 83% patients of which 90% were females and rest were males. Difficult cholecystectomy like acutely inflamed gall bladder was seen in 17% patients and out of those 13% were females. Most of the patients were discharged from hospital by the third post-operative day. Only one patient developed bile leak but that was due to cystic duct slipped ligature. Conclusions: The incidence of injury to biliary ducts during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be minimized by application of “critical view of safety”. Key words: Critical view of safety (CVS), Laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC), Common bile duct (CBD)
Participación política de mujeres en los gobiernos locales
Authors: Villar Márquez Eliana
Published: March 2022

A pesar de la aplicación de la ley de cuotas en los últimos 16 años, es evidente la exclusión de las mujeres de la política. No hemos llegado nunca a contar con 30% de mujeres en el Parlamento por lo que la cuota se ha convertido en un techo de cristal para las mujeres. Somos un país enfocado en los cambios normativos y no en lograr la igualdad en el día a día entre mujeres y hombres, igualdad en los hechos o «igualdad sustantiva». Vivimos tiempos de resistencia a los derechos de las mujeres, mientras otros países aprueban la paridad en la representación y nos muestran cómo ser consecuentes con los principios democráticos. La participación de la mujer llega apenas a un vergonzoso 3% en alcaldías provinciales y distritales, pero aspiramos a un Perú 50:50 antes de 2030.
El censo cívico de 1826. El primer padrón de ciudadanos limeños del Perú republicano
Authors: Esquivel Ortiz Omar Gonzalo
Published: March 2022

Dentro del marco del Bicentenario de nuestra Independencia política, este artículo propone una lectura historiográfica, estructural y estadística de un valioso documento hasta ahora poco atendido por los especialistas sobre historia electoral del Perú. Situaremos al Censo Cívico de 1826, el conjunto más temprano de padrones electorales de ciudadanos limeños hecho para las elecciones de los miembros del primer Congreso del Perú republicano, dentro de sus pretensiones políticas. Este censo intentó redefinir la cantidad e identidad de ciudadanos de Lima de acuerdo a la estrategia demagógica del gobierno bolivariano para adherir la representatividad de nuevos ciudadanos entonces desplazados y hasta catalogados como «criminales» luego de las fallidas elecciones en el Cuartel V de la Parroquia de San Lázaro. Nuestro artículo se divide en dos partes. La primera identifica las causas y motivaciones políticas que influyeron en el ordenamiento del Censo Cívico de 1826, de acuerdo a la secuencia de eventos electorales anteriores a él, y la segunda analiza el esquema de los padrones desde un ángulo estructuralista y estadístico que permite aproximarnos al estado de representatividad ciudadana que el sistema electoral permitía durante los primeros años de la República. Para este fin hemos recurrido a la consulta de fuentes de primera mano, principalmente del fondo histórico municipal, así como información de otros repositorios, como del Archivo General de la Nación, el Archivo Arzobispal de Lima y el Fondo Antiguo de la Biblioteca Nacional del Perú.
El financiamiento público directo. Una propuesta de sanción proporcional y razonable
Authors: Chanamé Orbe Raúl , Vega Zeña Luisana , Mendoza Navarro Roy
Published: March 2022

Pasados poco más de dos años de la sanción de pérdida del financiamiento público directo 2015 a tres partidos políticos peruanos, todas declaradas nulas por el JNE, se reexaminan los casos para dar una propuesta que determine una sanción sustentada en los principios constitucionales de proporcionalidad y razonabilidad a los partidos políticos que no cumplan con presentar su información financiera anual (IFA). Actualmente, los partidos políticos están sometidos al permanente escrutinio de la opinión pública, expuestos a la evaluación de los medios de comunicación y, cuando el poder económico sobrepasa al poder político, desnaturalizan sus nobles funciones, situación que debilita el sistema democrático, pues tiende a corromper a quienes ostentan la representación política y los aleja de sus verdaderos fines al interior de una comunidad política democrática. Por ello, el presente artículo se orienta a responder las siguientes preguntas: ¿cuáles son los criterios que deben tomarse en cuenta al momento de imponer sanciones? ¿La sanción debe ser necesariamente graduable? ¿Cuál es la importancia de la IFA? En tal sentido, el presente artículo propondrá una fórmula alternativa, previsible y equitativa con los intereses de las organizaciones políticas, para bien de la democracia en el Perú.
El sistema electoral, luchas políticas parlamentarias antes de la Guerra del Pacífico
Authors: Chaupis José
Published: March 2022

En el presente artículo se buscará indagar, por un lado, los aspectos jurídicos, es decir, las reglas de juego reguladoras que establecía el sistema normativo legal electoral. Para ello se analizará, a partir de la normativa electoral, cuáles fueron los artículos de la Constitución y la ley electoral que sirvieron para la realización de las elecciones parlamentarias de 1877. Por otro lado, se estudiarán las prácticas electorales y la dinámica política implementada por los actores derrotados e involucrados durante este proceso electoral, cuyas estrategias, conflictos y alianzas no estuvieron desligados de la normativa electoral vigente. No obstante, como ocurrió en esta elección, dicha normativa pudo ser manipulada, incluso distorsionada por los grupos políticos derrotados, desconociendo el triunfo de los vencedores y provocando inestabilidad política.
Antibiotic susceptibility patterns of gram-negative bacteria in the pediatric hematology-oncology ward of RSUD Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya
Authors: Elan Josef Willy Sandy Ola , Rejeki IGAA Putri Sri
Published: March 2022

Infection is one of the causes of death in children with malignancy. Gram-negative bacteria with broad resistance to antibiotics are the cause of invasive infections in patients with malignancy. This prospective observational study was conducted by collecting medical record data, including the identity of patients, their diagnosis results, and the antibiotic susceptibility test results, from January to December 2020 in the pediatric hematology-oncology ward of Dr. Soetomo Regional General Hospital (hereinafter referred to as RSUD Dr. Soetomo), Surabaya. Positive cultures were obtained in 20.9% of the 196 samples. The growth of gram-negative bacteria was found in 48.8% of the positive culture test results, with a percentage of 50% in blood cultures, 30% in pus cultures, and 15% in urine cultures. The most common gram-negative bacteria isolates obtained in general were E. coli (40%) and K. pneumoniae (30%). The most commonly found non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria was P. aeruginosa (15%). The lowest antibiotic susceptibility was obtained to ampicillin (0%) and ampicillin-sulbactam 10%. The lowest antibiotic susceptibility was obtained to amikacin (85%) and cefepime (80%). The MDR resistance pattern was found in 80% of samples, 40% of which was found in ESBL-producing bacteria.
Histopathological pattern of endometrium in infertility patient
Authors: Maurya Geeta , Kanti Vaibhav , Singh Sanjeev Kumar , Pandey Pinky , Kannaujia Sanjay , Rashmi Rashmi , Kumar Granth , Varshney Amit
Published: March 2022

Infertility is defined as difficulty in conceiving children after regular and unprotected coitus for at least one year. Many investigative measures are available now a day to identify the cause of infertility so clinician can assess the chance of achieving pregnancy in couples. Morphology of endometrium is very useful indicator of ovarian function. Our study aims to see the different pattern of endometrium histologically in female infertility patient. We tried to assess the significance anovulatory cycle and incidence of tuberculous endometritis. Study was done in pathology department of UPUMS, Saifai, Etawah. Eighty-four (84) cases of primary and secondary infertility were included in this study. Endometrial biopsy tissues were processed and stained with hematoxylin and eosin stain according to the standard procedure. Out of 84 cases 48(57%) were of primary infertility and 36 (42.85%) were of secondary infertility. Majority of the infertility patient fell in age group of 21 to 30 years. Out of 84 cases 42 (50%) cases showed proliferative endometrium and 33(39.2%) cases showed secretory endometrium. Tuberculous endometritis seen in 2 (2.3%) cases. In present study percentage of anovulatory endometrium was 52.5%, endometrial biopsy is cost-effective, safe and efficient diagnostic tool in cases of both primary and secondary infertility.
study and design of intelligent agent in dentistry
Authors: Priyadarshini Saundarya , Sharma Swati , Arish Md. , Warikoo Ansuiya , Kalsi Rupali , Rohie J. , Srivastava Arpita , Shrivastava Rahul
Published: March 2022

Introduction: Artificial Intelligence is a branch term for all the developing systems, furnished with human intelligence. Even though Artificial Intelligence can be useful in field of  dentistry and can be of help in dental office but is not used extensively. A gap exists in the knowledge regarding application  of Artificial Intelligence in Dental offices.  Therefore, the present study was carried to determine the factors associated with knowledge and perception regarding use of Artificial Intelligence in dentistry among the dental professionals. Methodology: A cross sectional study was carried on 362 dental professionals of North India. A non-probability Snowball  sampling was used. A The face validity and content validity was done for forming the questionnaire  of the present study. The final questionnaire consisted of 13 variable, structured, close-ended questionnaire in English of which 7 were knowledge-based, 4 were based on attitude and 2 based on practice.  SPSS version20 was used for statistical Analysis. Frequency, percentage was calculated. Chi-Square test was applied to determine factors associated with knowledge attitude and practice of Artificial Intelligence. A spearman’s correlation and Multiple logistic regression was run to assess the corelation between knowledge and practice of AI by the dentist. Statistical significance was kept at p value<0.05.