bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Public Preferences regarding Data Linkage for Research: A Discrete Choice Experiment comparing Scotland and Sweden
Authors: Tully Mary P , Bernsten Cecilia , Aitken Mhairi , Vass Caroline Mary
Published: July 2019

Objective: There are increasing examples of linking data on healthcare resource use and patient outcomes from different sectors of health and social care systems (linked data). Linked data are generally anonymised, which means in most jurisdictions there are no legal restrictions to their use in research conducted by public or private organisations. Despite the legality, secondary use of anonymised linked data is contentious in some jurisdictions. In contrast, other jurisdictions are known for their use of linked data. The public’s perceptions of the acceptability of using linked data is likely to depend on a number of factors. This study aimed to quantify the preferences of the public to understand the factors that affected views about types of linked data and its use in two jurisdictions.
Method: An online discrete choice experiment (DCE) was designed, comprising five attributes, to elicit the preferences from a representative sample of the public in Sweden and Scotland. The five attributes (number of levels) were: type of researcher using linked- data (four); type of data being linked (four); purpose of the research using linked data (three); use of profit from using linked data (four); who oversees the research using linked data (four). Each DCE contained 6 choice-sets asking respondents to select their preferred option from two scenarios or state neither were acceptable. Background questions included socio-demographics. DCE data were analysed using conditional and heteroskedastic conditional logit models to create forecasts of acceptability.
Results: The study sample comprised members of the public living in Scotland (n=1,004) and Sweden (n=974). All attributes were important in driving respondents’ choices. Swedish and Scottish preferences were mostly homogenous with the exception of ‘who oversees the research using linked data’, which had relatively less impact on the choices observed from Scotland. For a defined ‘typical’ linked data scenario, the probability (on average) of acceptance was 85.7% in Sweden and 82.4% in Scotland.
Conclusion: This study suggests that the public living in Scotland and Sweden are open to using anonymised linked data in certain scenarios for research purposes but some caution is advisable if the anonymised linked data joins health to non-health data.
Usage of Cloud Storage Facilities by Medical students in a low-middle income country, Sri Lanka: A cross sectional study
Authors: Hettige Samankumara , Dasanayaka Eshani , Ediriweera Dileepa Senajith
Published: July 2019

Introduction

Cloud storage facilities (CSF) has become popular among the internet users. There is limited data on CSF usage among university students in low middle-income countries including Sri Lanka. In this study we present the CSF usage among medical students at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya.

Methods

We undertook a cross sectional study at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Kelaniya, Sri Lanka. Stratified random sampling was used to recruit students representing all the batches. A self-administrated questionnaire was given.

Results

Of 261 (90.9%) respondents, 181 (69.3%) were females. CSF awareness was 56.5% (95%CI: 50.3% - 62.6%) and CSF usage was 50.8% (95%CI: 44.4 - 57.2%). Awareness was higher in males (P=0.003) and was low in senior students. Google Drive was the commonest CSF followed by Dropbox and OneDrive. There was no association between CSF awareness and pre-university entrance or undergraduate examination performance. Inadequate knowledge, time, accessibility, security and privacy concerns limited CSF usage. 69.8% indicated that they would like to undergo training on CSF as an effective tool for education.

Conclusion

CSF awareness and usage was nearly 50% among the students and Google drive is the most popular CSF. Lack of knowledge, accessibility, concerns on security and privacy limited CSF usage among students. Majority were interested to undergo training on CSF and undergraduate ICT curricula should introduce CSF as effective educational tools.
A novel pathogenic variant of IHH for Brachydactyly type A1
Authors: Yang Qi , Wang Jin , Tian Xiaoxian , Chen Fei , Lan Jing , Zhang Qiang , Fan Xin , Yi Shang , Li Mengting , Shen Yiping
Published: July 2019

Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA-1, MIM 112500) is a genetically heterogeneous autosomal-dominant disorder mainly characterized by shortening or missing of the middle phalanges. Brachydactyly type A1 (BDA-1) is caused by heterozygous pathogenic variants in a specific region of the N-terminal active fragment of Indian Hedgehog (IHH). In this study, we reported a Chinese family with 8 members affected with Brachydactyly type A1. After performing whole-exome sequencing in the proband, we identified a novel heterozygous missense variant c.299A>G (p.D100G) at the mutational hotspot of IHH gene. The variant co-segregated with BDA-1 in the pedigree, showed 100% penetrance for phalange phenotype with variable expressivity. This finding expanded the Brachydactyly type A1-related mutational spectrum of IHH gene.
Infective patterns of cryptococcosis in patients with connective tissue disease:a retrospective study
Authors: Lao Minxi , Gong Yingying , Shen Chuyu , Wang Cuicui , Liang Liuqin , Zhan Zhongping , Chen Dongying
Published: July 2019

Background: Cryptococcal infection is a life-threatening complication in patients with connective tissue disease (CTD). This retrospective study was performed to explore the clinical features and associated factors of cryptococcosis in patients with CTD from southern China.

Methods: Demographic and clinical data were collected between 2007 and 2018. Associated factors were analyzed by logistic regression analysis.

Results: A total of 6809 inpatients with CTD were included. Cryptococcosis was diagnosed in 30 patients (prevalence, 0.4%). Cryptococcosis was predominant in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV) (prevalence, 6/530, 1.1%). Lung was commonly involved (18/30, 60.0%), followed by meninges (6/30, 20.0%), blood stream (5/30, 16.7%) and disseminated cryptococcosis (1/30, 3.3%). Infiltrates (10/18, 55.6%) and small nodules (8/18, 44.4%) were the main radiographic manifestation of pulmonary cryptococcosis (PC). The positive rate of serum cryptococcal antigen (CrAg) in patients with PC was 88.2%. Cryptococcus spp. were found in 75% (3/4) patients who underwent lung biopsy. Most of the patients with cryptococcal meninges (CM) had elevated cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure (6/7, 85.7%) and decreased CSF glucose level (5/7, 71.4%). Positive blood culture confirmed the diagnosis of cryptococcal sepsis (CS). Three patients died (10.0%), including one with CM and two with PC. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that accumulated dose of glucocorticoid (GC) [odds ratio (OR) = 1.42, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-1.87, P = 0.01] was associated with cryptococcosis in patients with CTD.

Conclusions: Cryptococcosis developed in various organs. Typical radiological manifestation accompanied with positive serum CrAg were helpful clues for diagnosis. Lumbar puncture was a critical diagnostic method to distinguish CM. The accumulated dose of GC was associated with cryptococcosis in patients with CTD.
Youth StepCare: A pilot study of an online screening and recommendations service for depression and anxiety among youth patients in general practice.
Authors: Parker Belinda , Achilles Melinda Rose , Subotic-Kerry Mirjana , O'Dea Bridianne
Published: July 2019

Background:

General Practitioners (GPs) are ideally placed to identify and manage emerging mental illness in young people, however, many report low levels of confidence in doing so. A web-based universal screening service delivered via a mobile tablet, Youth StepCare, was developed to assist GPs in identifying depression and anxiety symptoms in youth patients providing evidence-based treatment recommendations and fortnightly monitoring of symptom progress. The current study assessed the feasibility and acceptability of delivering the Youth StepCare service in Australian general practices among GPs, practice staff, and youth patients.

Methods:

A 12-week uncontrolled trial was undertaken between August 2018 and January 2019 in two general practices in NSW, Australia. The service was offered to all youth patients aged 14-17 years who visited their participating GP during the screening period alongside their parent or guardian. Youth patients reported the presence of depressive and anxiety symptoms using the self-report Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and the Generalised Anxiety Disorder Questionnaire-7. New cases were defined as those who were experiencing symptoms and were not currently visiting their GP, nor had previously sought help for mental health issues. Feasibility and acceptability of the service among GPs, practice staff, and youth patients was assessed using a battery of questionnaires.

Results:

Five GPs and 6 practice staff participated in the trial. A total of 46 youth patients were approached and 28 consented to participate. Of these, 19 completed the screener (67.9%). Nine reported symptoms of anxiety or depression, two of which were new cases (22.2%). GPs and practice staff were satisfied with the service, reporting that there was a need for the service, and that they would use it again. Youth patients also reported the service was easy to understand and didn’t cause distress.

Conclusions:

Although young people account for a small proportion of patients visiting their GP, the Youth StepCare service appears to be a useful tool for identifying youth with undeclared symptoms which can be easily embedded into general practice. Further research would benefit from exploring reasons for lower GP uptake and a larger trial is required to determine the efficacy of the service on symptom reduction.
Correlation between separate findings in 60 dogs suffering from CKD in IRIS stage 1
Authors: Nolte Ingo , Sehn Maximiliane Gabriele , Bach Jan-Peter
Published: July 2019

Background

The International Renal Interest Society (IRIS) reports guidelines for classification and therapy for dogs suffering from chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dogs in stage 1 show no elevated serum creatinine, but some other sign of kidney disease like elevated Symmetric Dimethylarginin (SDMA), proteinuria, low urine specific gravity or abnormalities in the sonography of the kidneys. Objective of this study was to access the correlation between inclusion criteria and to give an estimation whether a more detailed staging or a substaging for patients with elevated SDMA levels might be useful regarding possible treatment recommendations.

Results

Sixty patients in IRIS stage 1 were included into the study. Most of these dogs were included due to raised SDMA level (n=22) or sonographic abnormalities of the kidneys (n=16). In order to rank and compare results of ultrasonography, a sonography score was developed. Additionally, results from blood work, urinalysis, ultrasonography and in some cases glomerular filtration rate (GFR) were examined. Correlation analysis showed positive correlation between creatinine and urea and negative correlation between creatinine and urinary protein-to-creatinine ratio (Up/c). Between SDMA, phosphate, urine specific gravity and sonographic findings there is no dependency with any other examined parameter.

Conclusion

Results showed that patients in IRIS stage 1 are a heterogeneous group and giving precise treatment recommendation might be challenging. If future studies will suggest treatment in this stage of CKD, such as renal diet, a more detailed classification is needed.
Transcriptome signature of the lactation process in a fat-tailed sheep identifies with integrative approach of RNA-Seq and Supervised Machine Learning models
Authors: Farhadian Mohammad , Rafat Seyed Abbas , Panahi Bahman , Ebrahimie Esmaeil
Published: July 2019

Background

The mammary gland is a vital organ in mammalian that undergoes a substantial physiological transformation during the lactation process. Understanding the underlying molecular mechanism of the lactation process in the mammary gland is essential to unravel of the complexity of milk production process. This study was investigated the transcriptome profiles of milk between two time point of lactation (day 20 as before peak time point (BF) and day 70 as after peak(AF)) in Iranian fat-tailed Ghezel sheep breed. Functional impacts of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between two time points of the lactation were surveyed with Gene Ontology (GO) and Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network analysis. Moreover, to identify the transcriptome signature of the lactation process, supervised machine learning algorithms were integrated.

Results

Totally, 75 genes were defined as DEGs between BF and AF of lactation. Gene ontology of DEGs mainly enriched in metabolic process and oxidative phosphorylation. Moreover, PPI networks analysis highlighted the contribution of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signaling in the lactation process, oxidative phosphorylation and metabolic pathways. These pathways mainly involved in the quality of dairy products and energy generation for milk production. Dissection of DEGs also indicated that the genes encoding for caseins, whey proteins, and enzymes lactose synthesis are dominantly up-regulated after the lactation peak. More interestingly, the genes involved in fat metabolism dominantly down-regulated after the lactation peak. Contribution of nineteen DEGs such as HNRNPA2, CHCHD2, COX1, COX2, GTF3C3, and MRPL11 has verified with more than seven attribute ranking algorithms, which are being proposed as a signature of the lactation process in Ghezel sheep.

Conclusions

The results of this study highlighted the energy generation, development of immunity, and activation of the immune system in lactation process. To best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing the underlying mechanism of Ghezel sheep before and after the lactation peak and provides new insight regarding the transcriptional responses for the lactation process.
In vivo model to study the impact of genetic variation on clinical outcome of mastitis in dairy heifers
Authors: Rohmeier Laura , Petzl Wolfram , Koy Mirja , Eickhoff Tordis , Hülsebusch Alina , Jander Sebastian , Macias Laura , Heimes Annika , Engelmann Susanne , Hoedemaker Martina , Seyfert Hans-Martin , Kühn Christa , Schuberth Hans-Joachim , Zerbe Holm , Meyerholz Marie Margarete
Published: July 2019

Title: In vivo model to study the impact of genetic variation on clinical outcome of mastitis in dairy heifers

Background: In dairy herds, mastitis causes detrimental economic losses. Genetic selection offers a sustainable tool to select animals with reduced susceptibility towards postpartum diseases. Studying underlying mechanisms is important to assess the physiological processes that cause differences between selected haplotypes. Therefore, the objective of this study was to establish an in vivo infection model to study the impact of selecting for alternative paternal haplotypes in a particular genomic region on cattle chromosome 18 for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in dairy heifers.

Results: At the start of pathogen challenge, no significant differences between the favorable (Q) and unfavorable (q) haplotypes were detected. Intramammary infection (IMI) with Staphylococcus aureus 1027 (S. aureus, n = 24, 96 h) or Escherichia coli 1303 (E. coli, n = 12, 24 h) was successfully induced in all heifers. This finding was confirmed by clinical signs of mastitis and repeated recovery of the respective pathogen from milk samples of challenged quarters in each heifer. After S. aureus challenge, Q-heifers showed lower somatic cell counts 24 h and 36 h after challenge (P < 0.05), lower bacterial shedding in milk 12 h after challenge (P < 0.01) and a minor decrease in total milk yield 12 h and 24 h after challenge (P < 0.01) compared to q-heifers.

Conclusion: An in vivo infection model to study the impact of genetic selection for mastitis susceptibility under defined conditions in dairy heifers was successfully established and revealed significant differences between the two genetically selected haplotype groups. This result might explain their differences in susceptibility towards IMI. These clinical findings form the basis for further in-depth molecular analysis to clarify the underlying genetic mechanisms for mastitis resistance.

Keywords: Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, BTA18, genetic selection, haplotype, intramammary infection model, somatic cell count, mastitis
Mental distress, perceived need and barriers to receive professional mental health care among university students
Authors: Negash Assegid , Ahmed Matloob , Medhin Girmay , Wondimagegn Dawit , Araya Mesfin
Published: July 2019

Abstract
Context: There is limited evidence on the extent of the perceived need for professional mental health care and barriers to the delivery of mental distress services among university students in low and middle-income countries. Objective: The current study was designed to assess the prevalence of mental distress, perceived need for professional mental health care and barriers to the delivery of the service for regular undergraduate university students. Methods: A multi-stage sampling technique was used to recruit 1135 regular undergraduate university students. Symptoms of mental distress were evaluated using the Self-Reported Questionnaire (SRQ-20) and a score of eight and above was used to identify positive cases. The perceived need for professional mental health care was assessed using one question with binary responses, whereas barriers to mental health care were assessed using Barriers to Access to Care Evaluation (BACE-30) tool. The association of demographic variables with total mean scores of BACE-III sub-scales was modeled using multiple linear regression. Results: The prevalence of mental distress symptoms was 34.6% and the perceived need for professional mental health care was 70.5%. The top five barriers to receiving professional mental health service were (a) thinking the problem would get better by itself, (b) being unsure where to go to get professional care, (c) wanting to solve the problem by own, (d) denying mental health problem, and (e) preferring to get alternative forms of mental care. Conclusions: The high prevalence of mental distress, mental health care gap, and the report of barriers to professional mental health care among Ethiopian regular undergraduate students is a call for action.
Keywords: Mental distress, Perceived need, Barrier, and Professional mental health care.
Psychosocial, Behavioral and Clinical correlates of children with overweight and obesity
Authors: Thaker Vidhu V , Osganian Stavroula K. , de Ferranti Sarah D. , Sonneville Kendrin R. , Cheng Jennifer K. , Feldman Henry A. , Richmond Tracy K.
Published: July 2019

Background

Psychological and behavioral correlates are considered important in the development and persistence of obesity in both adults and youth. This study aimed to identify such features in youth with severe obesity (BMI ≥ 120% of 95th percentile of sex-specific BMI-for-age) compared to those with overweight or non-severe obesity.

Methods

Youth with BMI ≥ 85th percentile were invited to participate in a prospective research registry where data was collected on attributes such as family characteristics, eating behaviors, dietary intake, physical activity, perception of health and mental well-being, and cardiometabolic parameters.

Results

In a racially/ethnically diverse cohort of 105 youth (65% female, median age 16.1 years, range 4.62-25.5), 51% had severe obesity. The body fat percent increased with the higher levels of obesity. There were no differences in the self-reported frequency of intake of sugar sweetened beverages or fresh produce across the weight categories. However, the participants with severe obesity reported higher levels of emotional eating and eating when bored (p=0.022), levels of stress (p =0.013), engaged in fewer sports or organized activities (p=0.044), and had suboptimal perception of health (p=0.053). Asthma, depression and obstructive sleep apnea were more frequently reported in youth with severe obesity. The presence of abnormal HDL, HOMA-IR, CRP and multiple cardiometabolic risk factors were more common among youth with severe obesity.

Conclusions

Youth with severe obesity have identifiable differences in psychosocial and behavioral attributes that can be used to develop targeted intervention strategies to improve their health.
First Insights on Value-Based Healthcare of Elders Using ICHOM Older Person Standard Set Reporting
Authors: Lee Wei-Ju , Peng Li-Ning , Lin Chi-Hung , Lin Shinn-Zong , Loh Ching-Hui , Kao Sheng-Lun , Hung Tzu-Shing , Chang Chia-Yun , Huang Chun-Feng , Tang Ting-Ching , Chen Liang-Kung
Published: July 2019

Background: Clinical guidelines for specific conditions fragment care provision for elders. The International Consortium for Health Outcomes Measurement (ICHOM) has developed a global standard set of outcome measures for comprehensive assessment of older persons. The goal of this study was to report value-based health metrics in Taiwan using this ICHOM toolset.
Methods: The cross-sectional study of baseline data excerpted from a prospective longitudinal cohort, which recruited people ≥65 years old with ≥3 chronic medical conditions who received value-based healthcare services between July and December 2018. All participants received measurements of physical performance, anthropometric characteristics, health-related behaviors, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and Montreal Cognitive Assessment. The ICHOM toolset comprises three tiers: 1 includes frailty and having chosen a preferred place of death; 2 includes polypharmacy, falls, and participation in decision-making; and 3 includes loneliness, activities of daily living, pain, depression, and walking speed. These items were converted into a 0–10 point value-based healthcare score, with high value-based health status defined as ≥8/10 points.
Results: Frequencies of individual ICHOM indicators were: frail 11.7%, chose preferred place of death 14.4%, polypharmacy 31.5%, fell 17.1%, participated in decision-making 81.6%, loneliness 26.8%, limited activities of daily living 22.4, pain 10.4%, depressed mood 13.0%, and slowness 38.5%. People with high disease severity (OR 0.40, 95% CI 0.21–0.76, p=0.005) or cognitive impairment (OR 0.49, 95%CI 0.27–0.87, p=0.014) were less likely to have high value-based healthcare status.
Conclusions: The ICHOM Standard Set Older Person health outcome measures provide an opportunity to shift from a disease-centric medical paradigm to patient-focused goals. This study identified advanced age, chronic disease and cognitive impairment as important barriers to achieving high value-based healthcare status.
Estimating Nutrient Uptake Requirements for Potatoes Based on QUEFTS Analysis in China
Authors: Xu Yaxin , He Ping , Xu Xinpeng , Qiu Shaojun , Ullah Sami , Gao Qiang , Zhou Wei
Published: July 2019

Excessive or imbalanced fertilization has not only decreased nutrient use efficiency, but also degraded arable land and posed a great threat to the environment. In this study, the datasets were collected from field experiments for the period 1992 to 2017 in the main potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) production regions of China. We used the Quantitative Evaluation of the Fertility of Tropical Soils (QUEFTS) model to estimate the soil‐plant balanced N, P, and K requirements for the potato in China. Our results revealed that there were great differences in the potato yield and nutrient uptake. The upper and lower 2.5th percentiles of N, P, and K internal efficiencies (IE, kg tuber per kg nutrient in the total plant) data were used as maximum accumulation (a) and maximum dilution (d) boundary parameters in the QUEFTS model, which were 133 and 463 kg kg–1 for N, 652 and 3030 kg kg–1 for P, and 119 and 790 kg kg–1 for K, respectively. The QUEFTS model predicted plant nutrient uptake of 4.0 kg N, 0.7 kg P, and 3.5 kg K to produce 1 Mg of tuber in the linearly distributed portion, and a corresponding tuber nutrient demand of 2.9 kg N, 0.5 kg P, and 2.3 kg K to produce 1 Mg of tuber. Field validation experiments confirmed that the QUEFTS model could be used to simulate optimum nutrient uptake and provide appropriate parameters in building fertilizer recommendation, which helps improve nutrient use efficiency for potato in China.

Core Ideas

This is the first report of QUEFTS model on estimating the optimum nutrient requirements for potato crops in China.

The datasets used in this study were collected from multi‐year‐site field experiments.

Multi‐site field validation experiments in potato‐producing areas confirmed the feasibility of QUEFTS model‐simulated nutrient uptake.
Moisture Temporal Stability of a Typic Hapludox under Different Uses and Depths
Authors: Guimarães Claudinei Martins , Costa Carlos Alexandre Gomes , Filho Raimundo Rodrigues Gomes , dos Santos Silva Francisco Charles , da Assunção Hildeu Ferreira , Carneiro Leandro Flávio , Pedrotti Alceu , Doll Kenneth Michael
Published: July 2019

Temporal stability shows that specific within‐field locations can represent average moisture values for a period of time, reducing efforts of collecting and measurement field observations. The objective of this study was to analyze the temporal stability of soil moisture within a Hapludox, typical of Cerrado, a unique Brazilian biome (similar to savanna), located in the southwestern state of Goiás. Instant readings of volumetric soil moisture were done biweekly from November 2013to February 2014, using a portable TDRSensor with rods of 0.12 m in length, at 0‐ to 0.12‐, from 0.12‐ to 0.24‐, and 0.24‐ to 0.36‐m soil depths. The TDR sensor data were corrected and calibrated by volumetric water content data obtained from gravity method and soil bulk density measurements. To quantify temporal stability, we used nonparametric methods: Spearman correlation coefficient, average relative difference, and temporal stability index. Temporal stability on the field scale differed between the three sites/systems. Average soil moisture can be accurately estimated at only one georeferenced point for each site/management system, reducing measurement effort in long‐term studies.

Core Ideas

Moisture temporal stability reduce cost of field measurements.

It is essential to planning monitoring programs of hydrology and irrigation.

Represent a valuable support for future researches related to soil water management.
Controls on tetrahedral Fe(III) abundance in 2:1 phyllosilicates
Authors: Cuadros Javier , Michalski Joseph R. , Dyar M. Darby , Dekov Vesselin
Published: July 2019

Fe(II) only occupies octahedral sites in phyllosilicates, whereas Fe(III) can occupy both octahedral and tetrahedral sites. The controls on Fe(III) distribution between tetrahedral and octahedral sites have been a matter of great interest to understand the interplay between formation environment (Fe abundance, redox conditions) and crystal-chemical factors (stability of the crystal lattice) during crystallization of Fe-phyllosilicates. Here, for the first time, we present a model of Fe(III) distribution in 2:1 phyllosilicates. We investigated 21 samples of 2:1 phyllosilicates of submarine hydrothermal origin using XRD, chemical analysis, and Mössbauer spectroscopy (and other supporting techniques not presented here). An additional data set of 49 analyses of 2:1 phyllosilicates from the literature was also used. Overall, the data cover a wide range of dioctahedral and trioctahedral phyllosilicates, including end-member minerals and interstratified phases. Dioctahedral phyllosilicates have a steric control whereby tetrahedral Fe(III) is only allowed if at least five out of six octahedral atoms are larger than Al (typically Fe[III], Fe[II], Mg) that produces an expanded structure where tetrahedral sites can accommodate Fe(III). After this threshold, further Fe(III) atoms occupy tetrahedral sites preferentially (~73% of further Fe[III] atoms) over octahedral sites. In trioctahedral 2:1 phyllosilicates there is no steric hindrance to tetrahedral Fe(III) because the crystal dimensions are such that tetrahedral sites can accommodate Fe(III). On average, Fe(III) enters tetrahedral and octahedral sites in similar proportion, and the only apparent control on tetrahedral Fe(III) abundance is Fe(III) availability during crystallization. This model allows to predict Fe(III) distribution between structural sites, provides an avenue for further exploration of the thermodynamic stability of phyllosilicates using cationic size, and provides a tool to better describe stability/reactivity of Fe-rich phyllosilicates, the most reactive of phyllosilicates and very relevant in geochemical and biological processes.
Deep Structure and Active Tectonics of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc
Authors: Papazachos Costas B.
Published: July 2019

The seismotectonic setting of the Aegean Sea, based on information from seismicity, neotectonics and global positioning system studies, is characterized by a sharp transition from a compressional outer arc to a complex back-arc, with an approximate north–south extension along the volcanic arc. Seismicity and 3-D tomography studies reveal the geometry of the subducting slab and image the low-velocity/high-attenuation mantle wedge at depths of 50–80 km beneath the volcanic arc where magma is generated. The 1956 Amorgos M7.5 earthquake and the impact from its seismic shaking and landslide-triggered tsunamis are discussed in the context of the regional seismotectonic setting.
Volcanism of the South Aegean Volcanic Arc
Authors: Vougioukalakis Georges E. , Satow Christopher G. , Druitt Timothy H.
Published: July 2019

Volcanism along the South Aegean volcanic arc began about 4.7 Ma and has lasted until the present day, with eruptions at Methana, Milos, Santorini, Kolumbo and Nisyros volcanoes in historical times. These volcanoes can be grouped into five volcanic fields: three western fields of small, mostly monogenetic edifices, and two central/eastern fields with composite cones and calderas that have produced large explosive eruptions. Crustal tectonics exerts a strong control over the locations of edifices and vents at all five volcanic fields. Tephra and cryptotephra layers in deep-marine sediments preserve a continuous record of arc volcanism in the Aegean as far back as 200,000 years. Hazards from the volcanoes include high ash plumes, pyroclastic flows and tsunamis. Monitoring networks should be improved and expanded.
The Christiana–Santorini–Kolumbo Volcanic Field
Authors: Nomikou Paraskevi , Hübscher Christian , Carey Steven
Published: July 2019

The Christiana–Santorini–Kolumbo volcanic field in the South Aegean Sea (Greece) is one of the most important in Europe, having produced more than 100 explosive eruptions in the last 400,000 years. Its volcanic centers include the extinct Christiana Volcano and associated seamounts, Santorini caldera with its intracaldera Kameni Volcano, Kolumbo Volcano, and 24 other submarine cones of the Kolumbo chain. Earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, submarine mass wasting, neotectonics and gas releases from these centers pose significant geohazards to human populations and infrastructures of the Eastern Mediterranean region. Defining the geological processes and structures that contribute to these geohazards will provide an important framework to guide future monitoring and research activities aimed at hazard mitigation.
Santorini Volcano and its Plumbing System
Authors: Druitt Timothy H. , Pyle David M. , Mather Tamsin A.
Published: July 2019

Santorini Volcano is an outstanding natural laboratory for studying arc volcanism, having had twelve Plinian eruptions over the last 350,000 years, at least four of which caused caldera collapse. Periods between Plinian eruptions are characterized by intra-caldera edifice construction and lower intensity explosive activity. The Plinian eruptions are fed from magma reservoirs at 4–8 km depth that are assembled over several centuries prior to eruption by the arrival of high-flux magma pulses from deeper in the sub-caldera reservoir. Unrest in 2011–2012 involved intrusion of two magma pulses at about 4 km depth, suggesting that the behaviour of the modern-day volcano is similar to the behaviour of the volcano prior to Plinian eruptions. Emerging understanding of Santorini's plumbing system will enable better risk mitigation at this highly hazardous volcano.
The Late Bronze Age Eruption of Santorini Volcano and Its Impact on the Ancient Mediterranean World
Authors: Druitt Timothy H. , McCoy Floyd W. , Vougioukalakis Georges E.
Published: July 2019

The Late Bronze Age eruption of Santorini occurred 110 km north of Minoan Crete (Greece). Having discharged between 48 and 86 km3 of magma and rock debris, the eruption ranks as one of the largest of the last 10,000 years. On Santorini, it buried the affluent trading port of Akrotiri. Modern volcanological research has reconstructed the eruption and its regional impacts in detail, while fifty years of archaeological excavations have unraveled the events experienced by the inhabitants of Akrotiri during the months that led up to the eruption. Findings do not favour a direct relationship between the eruption and the decline of the Minoan civilization, although tsunamis and atmospheric effects may have weakened Cretan society through impacts on shipping, trade and agriculture.
The Implementation of Teaching-Learning Cycle in English for Hotels Training: A Case Study
Authors: Nugroho Raden Arief
Published: July 2019

Education and training are now integral elements for all sectors and agencies operating within tourism industry. However, despite the importance of training, many educators and trainers have entered the industry without a well structured tourism training method. The teaching-learning cycle consisting of Building Knowledge of Field, Modelling, Joint Construction, and Independent Construction which is used in our formal educational level can also be used to give well understanding tourism training, particularly in English for hotels training. This study aims to introduce those already working in the industry, particularly hotel employees, to the cycle aiming to improve the participants’ speaking performance in English for hotels. Fourteen participants were taking part in this training. In addition, there were fourteen meetings in this training and the final assessment was conducted in the final meeting. The data were collected through the assessment by using the Format of the Cambridge ESOL First Certificate in English (FCE) spoken language test in the last meeting. In addition, the collected data from the final assessment were compared to the collected data from the early assessment before the treatment had been conducted and the parameter of success was evaluated by using the Holistic Rating Scale and the Foreign Services Institute (FSI) Analytic Rating Scale. The result shows that in the last meeting participants were able to increase their speaking ability. The outcome shows that the participants were able to set their rating almost 1-2 level(s) higher. In addition, the study shows that training by using the teaching-learning cycle thrives to improve and motivate most of the participants to be brave to speak or pronouncing the words or sentences better.
Teaching to Read Multimodal Texts at Tertiary Education: Learning about Gender and Culture with Oxfam Intermón’s Covers
Authors: Martínez Lirola María
Published: July 2019

Using multimodal texts in a language classroom offers many opportunities for the development of multiliteracies and the acquisition of different types of competences. The study, thus, aims to deepen into the different social competences university students can acquire when multimodal texts from Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are used in a language classroom. The texts selected are useful to introduce gender issues in the classroom. The methodology is qualitative.  For its framework of analysis, the study draws on the main principles of visual grammar (Kress and van Leeuwen, 2006) so that students learn how to analyse visuals. It was decided to use texts from the NGO Oxfam Intermón in which women from other cultures appeared because they allow students at tertiary level develop critical thinking and respect for cultural diversity, which will contribute to the development of social competences. The study reveals that multimodal texts from NGOs are useful to develop critical thinking, to bring cultural aspects into the classroom and to work on social competences.
Genetic parameters and performance of papaya genotypes to black spot resistance (Asperisporium caricae)
Authors: Moraes Ramon , Vivas Marcelo , Vivas Janieli Maganha Silva , Daher Rogério Figueiredo , Gravina Geraldo Amaral , Francelino Helenilson de Oliveira , Cruz Derivaldo Pureza da , Ramos Gleyce Kelly de Sousa , Pereira Messias Gonzaga
Published: July 2019

Estimation of genetic parameters such as genetic variability of germplasm allows inferring genotype-enviromental interaction for a given variable. The information is important for the process of choosing the variables to be applied to the superior genotype selection. This study aimed at evaluating characteristics related to genetic resistance of papaya to black spot during time testing, as well as estimating genetic parameters associated with some characteristics. The experiment was carried out in RCBD design at Agua Limpa farm, Espirito Santo state, Brazil, using six genotypes: ‘STZ-03’, ‘SS-PT’, ‘Golden’ (‘Solo’ group) ‘Maradol’ (‘Formosa’ group) ‘STA-04’ ‘STA-10’ (landraces), and four repetitions. The 6 treatments were arranged in single row, spacing 2 m between rows and 1.5 m within plants. Nine evaluations were performed during 9 months. We quantified plants on a monthly basis for the characters such as symptom appearance of black spot (FS) on leaves; the incidence of leaves with black spot symptoms (IBS); the severity of black spot on the fifth leaf (SBS5F) and on the leaf with axil attached to the first open flower (SBSFO). By means of the evaluation values, we built a Boxplot graphic to characterize the magnitude of the variables and to describe the dispersion of the data set throughout the evaluations. Analysis of variance, genetic parameter estimate and comparative test of mean were also conducted. The Boxplot graphic allowed classification and magnitude of the variables and described the dispersion of the data set during evaluations. The results showed that SBS5F and the SBSFO were the characteristics that generated reliable results to select genotypes in all evaluations. They showed high H² (Coefficient of genotypic determination), CVg (Coefficient of genotypic variance), CVr (Coefficient of relative variance) and AS (Selective accuracy). The months July, August, September and October showed higher representativeness to evaluate attributes related to resistance to black spot in papaya leaves.
Efficacy of organomineral fertilizers derived from biosolid or filter cake on early maize development
Authors: Magela Mara Lúcia Martins , Camargo Reginaldo de , Lana Regina Maria Quintão , Miranda Melissa Cristina de Carvalho , Mota Raquel Pinheiro da
Published: July 2019

In the current world scenario of agriculture it is necessary to find technologies to reach high productivity that are effective in providing soil conditioning improvement for the plants. Thus, this study analyzed the efficacy of organomineral fertilizers formulated with different organic matter sources on growth factors of maize. The experiment was done in a greenhouse at Campus Umuarama, Federal University of Uberlândia-MG, in a randomized block design, as a 2 x 5 + 2 factorial, containing two sources of organic matter, biosolid and filter cake, five doses of P2O5 recommendation for the crop and two additional treatments: mineral fertilization (100% of P2O5 of the recommended dose) and a control (no fertilizer), with four replications. Plant height, stalk diameter, and chlorophyll a and b were determined at 35 days after sowing (DAS); plant height, stalk diameter, shoot and root fresh and dry matter were determined at 65 DAS. The organomineral sources with biosolid and filter cake yielded greater height and diameter at 35 DAS than those of mineral fertilization. Regardless of the fertilizer organic matter source, stalk diameter at 35 DAS presented linear increase with increasing doses of the fertilizer sources. The use of fertilizer based on biosolid resulted in greater shoot fresh matter than the filter cake source, regardless of dose applied. In general, greater results were obtained for root fresh and dry matter at the greater fertilizer doses in comparison with the mineral fertilization. Organomineral fertilizers can be a viable alternative for partial or total substitution of mineral fertilization, since similar or better results were found for maize growth characteristics.
In vitro regeneration and induction of mutation in Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.)
Authors: Surya Muhammad Imam , Ismaini Lily , Lailaty Intani Quarta
Published: July 2019

Loquat (Eriobotrya japonica L.) is a potential fruit crop in Indonesia. The experiments were carried out to study the effect of gamma rays as in vitro mutagenesis agent and also the regeneration of mutant explants of loquat on different media. The experiment used two media (MS and WPM) containing BA and NAA, three type of explants (apical shoot, stem, cotyledon), and four doses of gamma rays (0, 10, 30, 50 Gy). The results showed that MS media was better than WPM media in term of callus production. Moreover, explants of loquat showed a different response to gamma irradiation and the highest response on number of shoots, number of leaves and plant height was found at a dose of 10 Gy. On the other hand, the explants of cotyledon were only able to produce callus. The explants of the apical shoot were able to produce the highest number of leaves and shoots than the explants of the stem. However, the combination of MS media, apical shoot explants and 10 Gy of gamma rays irradiation showed a better response in the growth traits of callus diameter, callus height, number of shoots, number of leaves and plantlet height. Overall, the results of this study showed that in vitro culture in combination with induced mutations can speed up breeding programmes.
Productivity of soybean crop after fertilization with normal and polymer-coated potassium sources
Authors: Coppo Jéssica Caroline , Lana Maria Do Carmo , Friedrich Jussara Carla Conti , Neto Alfredo José Alves , Foiz Diego August Fatecha , Frandoloso Jucenei Fernando , Rampim Leandro , Rissato Bruna Broti
Published: July 2019

The adoption of different fertilizer application methods should consider the operational, agronomic and economic aspects. The objective of this work was to study the fertilization response with potassium in the soybean crop at different times of application and different potassium sources in an Eutroferric Red Latosol. The experiment was carried out in the municipality of Formosa do Oeste-PR. The design was in a randomized block in a factorial scheme (2 × 5) +1, with 2 potassium sources: normal KCl (KCl) and polymer-coated KCl (KCl-polymer), the KCl doses were adjusted to 40 kg ha -1 of K2O, the second factor refers to the splitting of K2O dose in five application times: T1, application of K2O was nine days before sowing, T2 application split up being ½ of the dose nine days before sowing + ½ of the dose of K2O at sowing, T3 application of the total dose of K2O at sowing, T4 ½ of the dose at sowing + ½ at the V3 phenological stage of the crop, T5 application of K2O was total at the V3 stage of the crop. And an additional witness, without K2O application. KCl-polymer was more efficient for application to the haul before sowing the crop. The fertilization with KCl was better when applied at the V3 stage of the crop. Fertilization with KCl-polymer resulted in higher K content in the leaf, higher efficiency of fertilizer use reflecting in higher productivity.
La asistencia humanitaria y la responsabilidad de proteger
Authors: Bolívar Mojica Eyder
Published: July 2019

Tanto los estados como la comunidad internacional tienen la obligación de proteger y asistir a las poblaciones cuando se encuentran en situación de sufrimiento; en esta medida se entienden las cuestiones humanitarias y su contribución a la revalorización de la humanidad. El crecimiento de las Organizaciones No Gubernamentales (ONG), así como el apoyo en situaciones de emergencia y operaciones de paz de las Naciones Unidas (U.N.), se unen a esta responsabilidad de proteger en situaciones graves. Es aquí donde el derecho internacional de los derechos humanos aúna esfuerzos internacionales por proteger y promover actividades de asistencia humanitaria, razón por la cual el marco normativo de los derechos humanos ofrece socorro a las víctimas que lo necesitan.
El reconocimiento de los derechos humanos al agua y al saneamiento básico por las naciones unidas
Authors: Moura do Carmo Valter , Maia Melo Álisson José
Published: July 2019

En julio de 2010, la Asamblea General de las Naciones Unidas, durante su 64ª sesión, editó la Resolución n. 292 (en lo sucesivo, Resolución n. 64/292), que reconoció el derecho al agua potable limpia y segura y al saneamiento adecuado como derechos humanos esenciales para el pleno disfrute de la vida y de todos los demás derechos humanos. Entre los considerandos, la resolución recuerda, además de diversas resoluciones y convenciones internacionales, la Declaración Universal de los Derechos Humanos (DUDH), que en el 2018 cumplió 70 años de vigencia.
El cherry-picking en los presupuestos participativos: un acercamiento a sus factores determinantes
Authors: Puentes Sánchez Juan Camilo
Published: July 2019

Con las crisis de los actuales sistemas políticos, especialmente de la democracia representativa, el interés de la literatura académica se ha concentrado en nuevos instrumentos de participación ciudadana como los presupuestos participativos. Aunque este instrumento democrático ha sido estudiado sistemáticamente por numerosos autores, se sabe muy poco acerca del impacto de los presupuestos participativos en el ciclo de las políticas públicas. En otras palabras, aún se desconoce cuáles son los factores que determinan las trayectorias de las propuestas ciudadanas en la fase de implementación por los gobiernos locales. Para saldar este vacío teórico, el presente artículo aborda el estudio de algunas variables contextuales (tiempo electoral, violencia urbana, cantidad de propuestas y calidad deliberativa) y otras relativas a las propuestas (contenido, costo económico y costo político) que, se considera, determinan en última instancia la implementación, modificación o rechazo de las proposiciones ciudadanas. Se recurre principalmente a la literatura sobre presupuestos participativos y, de manera más amplia, sobre participación ciudadana y democracia participativa.
El efecto de la obtención del título de pregrado en el ingreso económico: el caso de los graduados de la Universidad Católica Luís Amigó
Authors: Velásquez-Torres Juan Carlos , Ortiz-Sánchez Luz Mery , Quirós-Arango Luis Fernando , Henao-Duque Juan Fernando
Published: July 2019

Este artículo analiza el efecto de la obtención del título de pregrado en el ingreso económico de los graduados de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó. Dicho análisis se efectuó a partir de los datos obtenidos en la encuesta electrónica realizada a 935 graduados de la Universidad Católica Luis Amigó, quienes obtuvieron su título de pregrado en la citada institución durante el periodo 2012-2016.
A través de un enfoque cuantitativo, y utilizando un modelo probabilístico, tipo Probit, se encuentra que los graduados de Administración de Empresas como Derecho –programas que han recibido acreditación de alta calidad–, al igual que los de Contaduría Pública e Ingeniería de Sistemas, obtuvieron mejoras significativas en sus ingresos económicos.