bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Terahertz and Infrared Plasmon Polaritons in PtTe2 Type‐II Dirac Topological Semimetal
Authors: Macis Salvatore , D'Arco Annalisa , Mosesso Lorenzo , Paolozzi Maria Chiara , Tofani Silvia , Tomarchio Luca , Tummala Pinaka Pani , Ghomi Sara , Stopponi Veronica , Bonaventura Eleonora , Massetti Chiara , Codegoni Davide , Serafini Andrea , Targa Paolo , Zacchigna Michele , Lamperti Alessio , Martella Christian , Molle Alessandro , Lupi Stefano
Published: May 2024

Surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) are electromagnetic excitations existing at the interface between a metal and a dielectric. SPPs provide a promising path in nanophotonic devices for light manipulation at the micro and nanoscale with applications in optoelectronics, biomedicine, and energy harvesting. Recently, SPPs are extended to unconventional materials like graphene, transparent oxides, superconductors, and topological systems characterized by linearly dispersive electronic bands. In this respect, 3D Dirac and Weyl semimetals offer a promising frontier for infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) radiation tuning by topologically‐protected SPPs. In this work, the THz‐IR optical response of platinum ditelluride (PtTe2) type‐II Dirac topological semimetal films grown on Si substrates is investigated. SPPs generated on microscale ribbon arrays of PtTe2 are detected in the far‐field limit, finding an excellent agreement among measurements, theoretical models, and electromagnetic simulation data. The far‐field measurements are further supported by near‐field IR data which indicate a strong electric field enhancement due to the SPP excitation near the ribbon edges. The present findings indicate that the PtTe2 ribbon array appears an ideal active layout for geometrically tunable SPPs thus inspiring a new fashion of optically tunable materials in the technologically demanding THz and IR spectrum.
A Single Component, Single Layer Flexile Foam Evaporator with the Higher Efficiency for Water Generation
Authors: Li Ruoxin , Wu Mingrui , Ma Haijun , Zhu Yongqi , Zhang Hongyi , Chen Qiaomei , Zhang Chuhong , Wei Yen
Published: May 2024

One of the greenest and promising ways to solve the problem of freshwater crisis is surface solar steam generation from seawater. A great number of photothermal materials with multi‐component and multi‐layered delicate yet complex structures often suffer from either low evaporation rate or high energy loss. Here, this work presents a single component foam evaporator with steam generation rate of up to 4.32 kg m−2 h−1 under 1 sun irradiation. The evaporator is constructed from an aniline oligomer as a single light‐absorbing component, covalent linked with polyethylene glycol to form a monolithic polymer foam. Floating on the seawater, the foam has absorbance of 99.5% over the entire solar spectral range and low thermal conductivity (0.0077 W K−1m−1) that effectively retains heat in the material and at the interface. After 3 months of continuous outdoor natural sunlight irradiation, the evaporator maintains a stable and durable evaporation rate. Moreover, the materials have good mechanical properties (7.48 MPa young's modulus and 57.38% elongation at break) and excellent chemical resistance in 10 common organic solvents and aqueous solutions of pH = 1 to 14. This study provides a new system and strategy for desalination, steam power generation, treatment of polluted water and sewage, etc.
Promotion of Probabilistic Bit Generation in Mott Devices by Embedded Metal Nanoparticles
Authors: Seo Yewon , Park Yunkyu , Hur Pyeongkang , Jo Minguk , Heo Jaeyeong , Choi Byung Joon , Son Junwoo
Published: May 2024

Considerable attention has been drawn to the use of volatile two‐terminal devices relying on the Mott transition for the stochastic generation of probabilistic bits (p‐bits) in emerging probabilistic computing. To improve randomness and endurance of bit streams provided by these devices, delicate control of the transient evolution of switchable domains is required to enhance stochastic p‐bit generation. Herein, it is demonstrated that the randomness of p‐bit streams generated via the consecutive pulse inputs of pump–probe protocols can be increased by the deliberate incorporation of metal nanoparticles (NPs), which influence the transient dynamics of the nanoscale metallic phase in VO2 Mott switches. Among the vertically stacked Pt‐NP‐containing VO2 threshold switches, those with higher Pt NP density show a considerably wider range of p‐bit operation (e.g., up to ≈300% increase in ΔVprobe upon going from (Pt NP/VO2)0 to (Pt NP/VO2)11) and can therefore be operated under the conditions of high speed (400 kbit s−1), low power consumption (14 nJ per bit), and high stability (>105 200 bits) for p‐bit generation. Thus, the study presents a novel strategy that exploits nanoscale phase control to maximize the generation of nondeterministic information sources for energy‐efficient probabilistic computing hardware.
Counter‐Doping Effect by Trivalent Cations in Tin‐Based Perovskite Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Tianyue , Loi Hok‐Leung , Cao Qi , Feng Guitao , Guan Zhiqiang , Wei Qi , Chen Changsheng , Li Mingjie , Zhu Ye , Lee Chun‐Sing , Yan Feng
Published: May 2024

Tin (Sn) ‐based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) normally show low open circuit voltage due to serious carrier recombination in the devices, which can be attributed to the oxidation and the resultant high p‐type doping of the perovskite active layers. Considering the grand challenge to completely prohibit the oxidation of Sn‐based perovskites, a feasible way to improve the device performance is to counter‐dope the oxidized Sn‐based perovskites by replacing Sn2+ with trivalent cations in the crystal lattice, which however is rarely reported. Here, the introduction of Sb3+, which can effectively counter‐dope the oxidized perovskite layer and improve the carrier lifetime, is presented. Meanwhile, Sb3+ can passivate deep‐level defects and improve carrier mobility of the perovskite layer, which are all favorable for the photovoltaic performance of the devices. Consequently, the target devices yield a relative enhancement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 31.4% as well as excellent shelf‐storage stability. This work provides a novel strategy to improve the performance of Sn‐based PSCs, which can be developed as a universal way to compensate for the oxidation of Sn‐based perovskites in optoelectronic devices.
Stereoscopic Polymer Network for Developing Mechanically Robust Flexible Perovskite Solar Cells with an Efficiency Approaching 25%
Authors: Wu Yeyong , Xu Guiying , Shen Yunxiu , Wu Xiaoxiao , Tang Xiaohua , Han Chuanshuai , Chen Yujin , Yang Fu , Chen Haiyang , Li Yaowen , Li Yongfang
Published: May 2024

Flexible perovskite solar cells (pero‐SCs) have the potential to overturn the application scenario of silicon photovoltaic technology. However, their mechanical instability severely impedes their practical applicability, and the corresponding intrinsic degradation mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the degradation behavior of flexible pero‐SCs is systematically analyzed under mechanical stress and it is observed that the structural failure first occurs in the polycrystal perovskite film, then extend to interfaces. To suppress the structural failure, pentaerythritol triacrylate, a crosslinked molecule with three stereoscopic crosslink sites, is employed to establish a 3D polymer network in both the interface and bulk perovskite. This network reduced the Young's modulus of the perovskite and simultaneously enhanced the interfacial toughness. As a result, the formation of cracks and delamination, which occur under a high mechanical stress, is significantly suppressed in the flexible pero‐SC, which consequently retained 92% of its initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after 20 000 bending cycles. Notably, the flexible device also shows a record PCE of 24.9% (certified 24.48%).
2D Janus Polarization Functioned by Mechanical Force
Authors: Guan Zhao , Zheng Yun‐Zhe , Tong Wen‐Yi , Zhong Ni , Cheng Yan , Xiang Ping‐Hua , Huang Rong , Chen Bin‐Bin , Wei Zhong‐Ming , Chu Jun‐hao , Duan Chun‐Gang
Published: May 2024

2D polarization materials have emerged as promising candidates for meeting the demands of device miniaturization, attributed to their unique electronic configurations and transport characteristics. Although the existing inherent and sliding mechanisms are increasingly investigated in recent years, strategies for inducing 2D polarization with innovative mechanisms remain rare. This study introduces a novel 2D Janus state by modulating the puckered structure. Combining scanning probe microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and density functional theory calculations, this work realizes force‐triggered out‐of‐plane and in‐plane dipoles with distorted smaller warping in GeSe. The Janus state is preserved after removing the external mechanical perturbation, which could be switched by modulating the sliding direction. This work offers a versatile method to break the space inversion symmetry in a 2D system to trigger polarization in the atomic scale, which may open an innovative insight into configuring novel 2D polarization materials.
Reliable Lift‐Off Patterning of Graphene Dispersions for Humidity Sensors
Authors: Adatti Estévez Jorge Eduardo , Hecht Fabian , Wittmann Sebastian , Sawallich Simon , Weber Annika , Travan Caterina , Hopperdietzl Franz , Krumbein Ulrich , Lemme Max Christian
Published: May 2024

Dispersion‐based graphene materials are promising candidates for various sensing applications. They offer the advantage of relatively simple and fast deposition via spin‐coating, Langmuir–Blodgett deposition, or inkjet printing. Film uniformity and reproducibility remain challenging in all of these deposition methods. Here, a scalable structuring method is demonstrated, characterized, and successfully applied for graphene dispersions. The method is based on a standard lift‐off process, is simple to implement, and increases the film uniformity of graphene devices. It is also compatible with standard semiconductor manufacturing methods. Two different graphene dispersions are investigated via Raman spectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy and observe no degradation of the material properties by the structuring process. Furthermore, high uniformity of the structured patterns and homogeneous graphene flake distribution is achieved. Electrical characterizations show reproducible sheet resistance values correlating with material quantity and uniformity. Finally, repeatable humidity sensing is demonstrated with van der Pauw devices, with sensing limits of less than 1% relative humidity.
Investigating the Third‐Order NLO Performance of a Three‐Phase Core‐Shell PANI@MIL‐101(Cr)@CeO2 with Internal and External Synergies
Authors: Yang Shuhao , Sun Yupei , Geng Kangshuai , Cui Yang , Huang Jing , Meng Xiangru , Hou Hongwei
Published: May 2024

Combining metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) with other functional materials can effectively improve the third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) performances of MOFs. In this study, two distinct functional materials are selected and a PANI@MIL‐101(Cr)@CeO2 composite is successfully synthesized. The test results of third‐order NLO indicate that introducing PANI regulates the distribution of π electron clouds within the structure of the composite. Additionally, the core@shell structure formed by PANI@MIL‐101(Cr) and CeO2 promotes charge transfer and improves charge transfer efficiency under the weak heterojunction interaction, thereby enhancing nonlinear absorption and refractive signals. Under the double synergistic action of interior and exterior, a new charge transfer occurs between the components of the composite, resulting in excellent third‐order NLO performances. This study indicates that encapsulating polymer and loading metal oxides can effectively improve the NLO response of MOFs, which offers a new idea for more research on multiphase NLO materials.
Smart Hydrogel Sensors for Health Monitoring and Early Warning
Authors: Wang Kang , Zhang Junhui , Li Heng , Wu Jingzhi , Wan Qiwu , Chen Taiju , Liu Wenjing , Peng Hai , Zhang Hong , Luo Yang
Published: May 2024

Smart hydrogel sensors, functioning as implantable devices, play a vital role in health monitoring and early warning, overcoming the limitations of conventional clinical methods to achieve direct, continuous, and precise monitoring. Widely employed across various biomedical fields, these sensors offer unique advantages for early health monitoring, ensuring direct, continuous, and highly accurate monitoring. In addition to detecting biomolecules, smart hydrogel sensors, with their flexibility and biocompatibility, monitor disease‐specific markers, offer insights into disease progression, and contribute to the early identification of diseases. This article provides a comprehensive review of the types of hydrogel sensors employed in human health monitoring. The study discusses recent advancements in smart hydrogel sensor research, aiming to offer promising methods for human health monitoring. Finally, the paper outlines prospective research directions for hydrogel sensors in the field of human health monitoring. While further research and clinical validation are essential, hydrogel sensors are poised to play a pivotal role in clinical applications, furnishing people with accurate and continuous health monitoring.
Cyclo His‐Pro Attenuates Muscle Degeneration in Murine Myopathy Models
Authors: De Masi Alessia , Zanou Nadège , Strotjohann Keno , Lee Dohyun , Lima Tanes I. , Li Xiaoxu , Jeon Jongsu , Place Nicolas , Jung Hoe‐Yune , Auwerx Johan
Published: May 2024

Among the inherited myopathies, a group of muscular disorders characterized by structural and metabolic impairments in skeletal muscle, Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) stands out for its devastating progression. DMD pathogenesis is driven by the progressive degeneration of muscle fibers, resulting in inflammation and fibrosis that ultimately affect the overall muscle biomechanics. At the opposite end of the spectrum of muscle diseases, age‐related sarcopenia is a common condition that affects an increasing proportion of the elderly. Although characterized by different pathological mechanisms, DMD and sarcopenia share the development of progressive muscle weakness and tissue inflammation. Here, the therapeutic effects of Cyclo Histidine‐Proline (CHP) against DMD and sarcopenia are evaluated. In themdxmouse model of DMD, it is shown that CHP restored muscle contractility and force production, accompanied by the reduction of fibrosis and inflammation in skeletal muscle. CHP furthermore prevented the development of cardiomyopathy and fibrosis in the diaphragm, the two leading causes of death for DMD patients. CHP also attenuated muscle atrophy and functional deterioration in a mouse model of age‐related sarcopenia. These findings from two different models of muscle dysfunction hence warrant further investigation into the effects of CHP on muscle pathologies in animal models and eventually in patients.
Ultrashort‐Peptide‐Responsive Gene Switches for Regulation of Therapeutic Protein Expression in Mammalian Cells
Authors: Huang Jinbo , Xue Shuai , Xie Yu‐Qing , Teixeira Ana Palma , Fussenegger Martin
Published: May 2024

Despite the array of mammalian transgene switches available for regulating therapeutic protein expression in response to small molecules or physical stimuli, issues remain, including cytotoxicity of chemical inducers and limited biocompatibility of physical cues. This study introduces gene switches driven by short peptides comprising eight or fewer amino acid residues. Utilizing a competence regulator (ComR) and sigma factor X‐inducing peptide (XIP) from Streptococcus vestibularis as the receptor and inducer, respectively, this study develops two strategies for a peptide‐activated transgene control system. The first strategy involves fusing ComR with a transactivation domain and utilizes ComR‐dependent synthetic promoters to drive expression of the gene‐of‐interest, activated by XIP, thereby confirming its membrane penetrability and intracellular functionality. The second strategy features an orthogonal synthetic receptor exposing ComR extracellularly (ComREXTRA), greatly increasing sensitivity with exceptional responsiveness to short peptides. In a proof‐of‐concept study, peptides are administered to type‐1 diabetic mice with microencapsulated engineered human cells expressing ComREXTRA for control of insulin expression, restoring normoglycemia. It is envisioned that this system will encourage the development of short peptide drugs and promote the introduction of non‐toxic, orthogonal, and highly biocompatible personalized biopharmaceuticals for gene‐ and cell‐based therapies.
A High Performing Conjugated Microporous Polymer Cathode for Practical Sodium Metal Batteries Using an Ammoniate as Electrolyte
Authors: Ruiz‐Martinez Debora , Grieco Rebecca , Liras Marta , Patil Nagaraj , Marcilla Rebeca
Published: May 2024

The development of room‐temperature sodium‐metal batteries (SMBs) presents a cost‐effective solution for both large‐scale energy storage and high‐energy applications. However, challenges in finding suitable electrolytes that ensure stable cycling of the Na metal anode and the lack of cathodes capable of achieving high‐performance under practical conditions have impeded their commercialization. In this study, a high‐performance SMB combining a concentrated liquid ammonia‐based electrolyte (NaI·3.3NH3) and an organic cathode featuring an anthraquinone‐based conjugated microporous polymer hybrid (IEP‐11‐SR) are introduced. This ammoniate electrolyte effectively stabilizes the sodium anode, allowing reversible plating/stripping and preventing dendrite formation, even at extreme current densities (400 mA cm−2). The hybrid polymer cathode, with its intrinsic extended conjugated and microporous structure, exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance in rate‐capability and long‐term cyclability in the ammoniate electrolyte. The resulting SMB achieves a high capacity (100 mAh g−1 at 1C), excellent rate capability (51 mAh g−1 at 250C), and stable cycling performance (≈70% capacity retention after 4000 cycles at 15C). Notably, the utilization of remarkably thick cathodes (60 mg cm−2) with low carbon content (≈20 wt%) achieves an unprecedented areal capacity, close to 7 mAh cm−2, marking a significant advancement in practical SMB technology.
Recyclable Fluorine‐Free Water‐Borne Binders for High‐Energy Lithium‐Ion Battery Cathodes
Authors: Leibetseder Felix , Xie Jingyu , Leeb Elisabeth , Hesser Günter , Pettinger Karl‐Heinz , Bretterbauer Klaus
Published: May 2024

The rapidly increasing demand for lithium‐ion batteries and the fight against climate change call for novel materials that enhance performance, enable eco‐friendly processing, and are designed for efficient recycling. In lithium‐ion batteries, the binder polymer, used for cathode production, constitutes an integral but often overlooked component. The currently used polyvinylidene fluoride is processed with toxic organic solvents and has numerous other disadvantages concerning adhesion, conductivity, and recyclability. A change to aqueous processing using new, multi‐functional, purpose‐built materials that are soluble in water and fluorine‐free would thus constitute an important advance in the battery sector. Herein, four water‐soluble surfactant‐like polymers based on 11‐aminoundecanoic acid, that can be obtained in high purity and at a multigram scale are described. Free radical polymerization allows modification of the polymer with a wide variety of comonomers. The materials presented significantly enhance adhesion, are thermally stable at temperatures up to 350 °C, and are compatible with state‐of‐the‐art high‐energy LiNi0.6Mn0.2Co0.2O2 (NMC 622) cathode materials. It is also shown new recycling pathways made possible by the reversible pH‐dependent water‐solubility of the materials.
Deciphering Cationic and Anionic Overoxidation: Key Insights into the Intrinsic Structural Degradation of Catalysts
Authors: Zheng Xiaobo , Yang Jiarui , Xu Xun , Dou Shixue , Sun Wenping , Wang Dingsheng , Wang Guoxiu
Published: May 2024

Proton exchange membrane water electrolyzer (PEMWE) technology holds tremendous promise for large‐scale green hydrogen production. However, its widespread application faces significant constraints due to the limited lifespan of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalyst in highly acidic and oxidative operating environments. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of the catalyst's structural degradation mechanism is imperative for the rational design of high‐performance acidic catalysts. In this review, the essence of the structural degradation of catalysts: and irreversible cationic and anionic overoxidation is initially unveiled. This is followed by an in‐depth exploration of their intricate relationship with the adsorbate evolution mechanism (AEM) and lattice oxygen oxidation mechanism (LOM). Then, state‐of‐the‐art characterization techniques for cationic and anionic overoxidation analysis are introduced. Subsequently, 4 cutting‐edge catalyst antioxidation strategies, including heterostructure engineering, doping strategy, nanostructuring, and phase engineering are systematically discussed, aiming to reveal their intrinsic factors for effectively inhibiting catalyst overoxidation. Finally, the remaining challenges and prospective insights into catalysts for PEMWE are delineated. The overarching goal of this review is to facilitate a fundamental understanding of catalyst structural degradation mechanisms and provide principal guidelines for the rational design of robust acidic OER catalysts.
Larger spleens and greater splenic contraction during exercise may be an adaptive characteristic of Nepali Sherpa at high‐altitude
Authors: Brutsaert Tom D. , Harman Taylor Shay , Bigham Abigail W. , Kalker Anne , Jorgensen Kelsey C. , Zhu Kimberly T. , Steiner Bethany C. , Hawkins Ella , Day Trevor A. , Kunwar Ajaya J. , Thakur Nilam , Dhungel Sunil , Sherpa Nima , Holmström Pontus K.
Published: May 2024

Objectives

The Sherpa ethnic group living at altitude in Nepal may have experienced natural selection in response to chronic hypoxia. We have previously shown that Sherpa in Kathmandu (1400 m) possess larger spleens and a greater apnea‐induced splenic contraction compared to lowland Nepalis. This may be significant for exercise capacity at altitude as the human spleen responds to stress‐induced catecholamine secretion by an immediate contraction, which results in transiently elevated hemoglobin concentration ([Hb]).

Methods

To investigate splenic contraction in response to exercise at high‐altitude (4300 m; Pb = ~450 Torr), we recruited 63 acclimatized Sherpa (29F) and 14 Nepali non‐Sherpa (7F). Spleen volume was measured before and after maximal exercise on a cycle ergometer by ultrasonography, along with [Hb] and oxygen saturation (SpO2).

Results

Resting spleen volume was larger in the Sherpa compared with Nepali non‐Sherpa (237 ± 62 vs. 165 ± 34 mL, p < .001), as was the exercise‐induced splenic contraction (Δspleen volume, 91 ± 40 vs. 38 ± 32 mL, p < .001). From rest to exercise, [Hb] increased (1.2 to 1.4 g.dl−1), SpO2 decreased (~9%) and calculated arterial oxygen content (CaO2) remained stable, but there were no significant differences between groups. In Sherpa, both resting spleen volume and the Δspleen volume were modest positive predictors of the change (Δ) in [Hb] and CaO2 with exercise (p‐values from .026 to .037 and R2 values from 0.059 to 0.067 for the predictor variable).

Conclusions

Larger spleens and greater splenic contraction may be an adaptive characteristic of Nepali Sherpa to increase CaO2 during exercise at altitude, but the direct link between spleen size/function and hypoxia tolerance remains unclear.
Adults with paternal UPD14 causing Kagami–Ogata syndrome: Case report and review of the literature
Authors: Smith Christopher S. , Riddell Madison , Badalato Lauren , Au Ping Yee Billie
Published: May 2024

Kagami–Ogata syndrome (KOS) is a clinically recognizable syndrome in the neonatal period. It is characterized by specific skeletal anomalies and facial dysmorphisms. It is typically caused by paternal uniparental disomy of chromosome 14, while epimutations and microdeletions are less commonly reported causes. In the pediatric setting, KOS is a well delineated syndrome. However, there is a dearth of literature describing the natural history of the condition in adults. Herein, we describe a 35‐year‐old man, the first adult with KOS reported due to paternal uniparental disomy 14, and review reports of KOS in other affected adults. This highlights the variability in neurocognitive phenotypes, the presence of connective tissue abnormalities, and the uncertainties around long‐term cancer risk.
Noonan syndrome‐like phenotype associated with an ERF frameshift variant
Authors: Hirano Yasuhiro , Kuroda Yukiko , Enomoto Yumi , Naruto Takuya , Muroya Koji , Kurosawa Kenji
Published: May 2024

Noonan syndrome is a so‐called “RASopathy,” that is characterized by short stature, distinctive facial features, congenital heart defects, and developmental delay. Of individuals with a clinical diagnosis of Noonan syndrome, 80%–90% have pathogenic variants in the known genes implicated in the disorder, but the molecular mechanism is unknown in the remaining cases. Heterozygous pathogenic variants of ETS2 repressor factor (ERF), which functions as a repressor in the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway, cause syndromic craniosynostosis. Here, we report an ERF frameshift variant cosegregating with a Noonan syndrome‐like phenotype in a family. The proband was a 3‐year‐old female who presented with dysmorphic facial features, including proptosis, hypertelorism, slightly down slanted palpebral fissures, low‐set posteriorly rotated ears, depressed nasal bridge, short stature, and developmental delay. Exome sequencing of the proband identified a heterozygous ERF variant [NM_006494.4: c.185del p.(Glu62Glyfs*15)]. Her mother and sister showed a similar phenotype and had the same heterozygous ERF variant. A large proportion of the previously reported patients with syndromic craniosynostosis and pathogenic ERF variants also showed characteristic features that overlap with those of Noonan syndrome. The present finding supports an association between heterozygous ERF variants and a Noonan syndrome‐like phenotype.
Trends in the survival of patients with trisomy 13 from 1995 to 2021: A population study in Japan
Authors: Kato Narumi , Morisaki Naho , Moriichi Akinori
Published: May 2024

It remains unclear whether recent changes in the prognosis and management of patients with trisomy 13 impact patient survival. We investigated changes in survival of patients with trisomy 13 in Japan. Data from the Vital Statistics Database in Japan was retrieved to examine the association of sex, surgical history, and years of birth and death with changes in survival patterns in 1164 patients with trisomy 13 between 1995 and 2021. The rates of deaths due to trisomy 13 increased from 9.8% to 23.1% in those over 1 year of age and from 7.3% to 19.2% in those within 24 h of birth between 1995 and 2021. The median survival time was longer in 2009–2021 than in 1996–2008 (40 vs. 84 days, p < 0.001). The median survival time and the rate of patients with surgical history increased from 91 days and 16.0% in 1996–2008 to 179 days and 28.0% in 2009–2021, respectively. Median survival time among patients with trisomy 13 has increased over the last 26 years, with almost 1 in 3 patients currently surviving for more than 1 year. The increased surgical intervention rate might have contributed to this improvement.
Bias‐Switchable Dual‐Mode Organic Photodetector with High Operational Stability Using Self‐Trapped Cs3Cu2I5 Interfacial Layer
Authors: Zhang Zitong , Liu Junchuan , Wang Lin , Wei Qi , Li Mingjie , Bao Chunxiong , Bian Qingzhen
Published: May 2024

Conventional photovoltaic (PV)‐photodetectors are hard to detect fainted signals, while photomultiplication (PM)‐capable devices indispensable for detecting weak light and are prone to degrade under strong light illumination and large bias, and it is urgent to realize highly efficient integrated detecting system with both PM and PV operation modes. In this work, one lead‐free Cs3Cu2I5 nanocrystals with self‐trapping exciton nature was introduced as interfacial layer adjacent to bulk and layer‐by‐layer heterojunction structure, and corresponding organic photodetectors with bias‐switchable dual modes are demonstrated. The fabricated device exhibits low operating bias (0 V for PV mode and 0.8 V for PM mode), high specific detectivity (~1013 Jones), fast response speed as low as 1.59 μs, large bandwidth over 0.2 MHz and long‐term operational stability last for 4 months in ambient condition. This synergy strategy also validated in different materials and device architectures, providing a convenient and scalable production process to develop highly efficient bias‐switchable multi‐functional organic optoelectrical applications.
pH‐responsive polyurethane‐acrylate from palm olein and sunflower oil: Sustainable synthesis, enhanced lovastatin solubility, and potential drug carrier for targeted delivery
Authors: Tan Rachel Yie Hang , Lee Choy Sin , Pichika Mallikarjuna Rao , Cheng Sit Foon , Lam Ki Yan
Published: May 2024

A pH responsive non‐isocyanate polyurethane‐acrylate (NIPUA) is synthesized through utilizing palm olein and sunflower oil as feedstock. The unsaturated acyl chains of both vegetable oils are converted into epoxy rings through epoxidation and subjected to carbonation with binary catalytic system under a solventless and mild condition to produce the cyclic carbonates. The cyclic carbonates were reacted with 1,4‐butanediamine and itaconic acid to produce the NIPUA. The intermediates and product were characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. The NIPUA was incorporated with poly(vinyl pyrrolidone) (PVP) to form a polymer carrier system loaded with a hydrophobic model drug, lovastatin (LOV). All NIPUA/PVP preformulations demonstrated pH responsiveness, with 1 to 2‐folds enhanced solubility at pH 7.4 compared to pH 2.0. NIPUA/PVP exhibited solubility enhancer effect by significantly enhanced solubility (2–4 times) compared to pure LOV, LOV‐loaded PVP, and Medostatin tablets at both pH levels. LOV‐loaded NIPUA/PVP exhibited lower enthalpy energy in DSC thermogram than LOV‐loaded PVP, indicating disruption of LOV's crystalline structure. In MTT assay, IC50 values were 30.76 μg mL−1 for pure LOV and 273.53 μg mL−1 for NIPUA/PVP, demonstrating the potential of NIPUA as an environmentally friendly, pH responsive drug carrier for controlled release of poorly water‐soluble drugs.
3D printing conductive hydrogel with low modulus and anti‐swelling for customized strain sensors
Authors: Chen Chaojie , Cui Guoqing , Li Yuanlong , Liu Li , Wu Guangfeng
Published: May 2024

Developing antiswelling hydrogel that retains their low modulus and has three‐dimensional (3D) printability to application in the biomedical field is a current critical issue. Here, we synthesized 3D printing ink consist of poly(acrylic acid‐acrylamide‐allyloxypolyethyleneglycol) (P(AA‐Am‐APEG)) and nanosilica (SiO2) by free radical polymerization, immersed the hydrogel precursor printed by ink in ferric chloride solution to prepare a low modulus, antiswelling, and conductive hydrogel. In the physical cross‐linking network, the coordination interaction and hydrogen bonds contributed to excellent mechanical properties and nSiO2 regulated rheological behavior of ink. Especially, P(AA‐Am‐APEG) molecular chain was a structure containing of APEG branch chain, which could endow antiswelling (the equilibrium swelling rate was only 7% in deionized water) and low modulus (Young's modulus was less than 100 kPa) to hydrogel. The tensile stress could still maintain 90% of the original value after soaking for 24 h. In addition, the existence of iron and chloride ions provided high sensitive deformation‐dependent conductivity to hydrogel. Therefore, the strategy of controlling the swelling and modulus by branch chains would expand the application of hydrogel in biosensors and other fields.
www.hiddenstructures.berlin – ein digitales Projekt zur Kommunikation von Ingenieurbaukunst
Authors: Lorenz Werner
Published: May 2024

Auch wenn in jüngerer Zeit erste Verbesserungen erkennbar sind, ist die gesellschaftliche Rezeption der Ingenieurleistungen im Bauwesen insgesamt gesehen nach wie vor defizitär. Dies verstetigt zum einen die nur mäßig positiven Konnotationen des gesamten Berufsstands, zum anderen befördert es die i. d. R. allenfalls geringe Wertschätzung von Tragwerk und Konstruktion in der Auseinandersetzung um den Erhalt denkmalgeschützter Bauten. Selbst herausragende Zeugnisse historischer Ingenieurleistungen fallen der international bereits als facadism diskutierten Praxis zum Opfer, die den Bauwerkserhalt bei Verlust des gesamten konstruktiven Gefüges allein auf die Fassade reduziert. In der Auseinandersetzung um die Deutungshoheit zum Wert des Ingenieurwerks kommt einer offensiven Kommunikation von Konstruktion als Eigenwert und Kulturerbe besondere Bedeutung zu. Das Projekt hidden structures – Ingenieurbaukunst Berlin nutzt gezielt die Möglichkeiten von Digitalisierung und Virtual Reality für eine neue Dimension der interaktiven Vermittlung historischer wie heutiger Ingenieurbauleistungen.
Enhancing Electrochemical Performance through Swift Functional Group Tuning of MXenes
Authors: Cui Penghui , Wang Hejing , Yang Bowen , Dong Shu , Jiao Menggai , Zhao Ruizheng , Zhu Kai , Fang Yong‐Zheng , Zhou Zhen , Cao Dianxue
Published: May 2024

Chemical manipulation of surface functional groups on two‐dimensional transition metal carbides and/or nitrides (MXenes) provides a wide range of design and application prospects. However, achieving rapid targeted modification of surface groups remains a significant challenge. Herein, we propose a general strategy to swiftly shear and customize surface groups on Ti3C2Tx−MXene via the flash Joule heating (FJH) reaction within 1 s. Successfully, MXenes with 9 target terminations, including VII A (F, Cl, Br, or I), VI A (O, S, or Se), and V A (N or P), either single or multiple, are synthesized, with a surface content of up to about 76 %. The impact of these terminations is systematically analyzed on electrochemical performance, demonstrating that VI A and V A terminations have higher electrochemical activity than VII A. Particularly, N‐, S‐, and O‐terminated MXenes exhibit enhanced specific capacities and undecayed cycling performance. These findings offer valuable insights for the surface engineering design and performance optimization of functional materials.
Greening the supply chain: Institutional pressures, data‐driven innovations, and the road to circular sustainability
Authors: Singh Rohit Kumar , Joshi Heena Thanki
Published: May 2024

This study explores the association among institutional pressure (IP), green innovations (GIs), green supply chain practices (GSCPs), and circular supply chain performance (CSCP) and the moderating role of big data analytics capability (BDAC) in the manufacturing sector. First, it aims to examine how IPs act as triggers of GIs in different aspects of business and reciprocal impact these innovations have on CSCP and GSCP. This study contributes to existing literature by exploring the significance of BDAC as a moderator in GIs–GSCP relationship, providing new understandings about technology relating issues on sustainable business practices. The researchers used partial least squares‐structural equation modeling (PLS‐SEM) to validate the constructs and hypotheses in a survey of 322 executives from different industries in India. The findings indicate that IP is a significant driver of business to GI, which in turn makes a considerable contribution to the establishment and improvement of GSCP. The study also exposed the differential moderation of BDAC on different types of GIs influencing GSCP. The fact that GSCP is instrumental in influencing the development of CSCP illustrates the integrated nature of sustainability practices in the supply chain domain. The empirical evidence provided by this study contributes to the literate of institutional theory especially as it relates to sustainability. It also enhances the existing knowledge by clarifying the sophisticated effect of big data analytics on GSCPs. This comprehensive approach gives a deeper view, especially in the manufacturing sector, which helps to develop more specific strategies of supply chain sustainability advancement.
The impact of decision tools during oncological consultation with lung cancer patients: A systematic review within the I3LUNG project
Authors: Sebri Valeria , Marzorati Chiara , Dorangricchia Patrizia , Monzani Dario , Grasso Roberto , Prelaj Arsela , Provenzano Leonardo , Mazzeo Laura , Dumitrascu Andra Diana , Sonnek Jana , Szewczyk Marlen , Watermann Iris , Trovò Francesco , Dollis Nina , Sarris Evangelos , Garassino Marina Chiara , Bestvina Christine M. , Pedrocchi Alessandra , Ambrosini Emilia , Kosta Sokol , Felip Enriqueta , Soleda Mireia , Roca Aina Arbusà , Rodríguez‐Morató Jose , Nuara Alessandro , Lourie Yonah , Fernandez‐Pinto Melissa , Aguaron Alfonso , Pravettoni Gabriella
Published: May 2024

Introduction

To date, lung cancer is one of the most lethal diagnoses worldwide. A variety of lung cancer treatments and modalities are available, which are generally presented during the patient and doctor consultation. The implementation of decision tools to facilitate patient's decision‐making and the management of their healthcare process during medical consultation is fundamental. Studies have demonstrated that decision tools are helpful to promote health management and decision‐making of lung cancer patients during consultations. The main aim of the present work within the I3LUNG project is to systematically review the implementation of decision tools to facilitate medical consultation about oncological treatments for lung cancer patients.

Methods

In the present study, we conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA guidelines. We used an electronic computer‐based search involving three databases, as follows: Embase, PubMed, and Scopus. 10 articles met the inclusion criteria and were included. They explicitly refer to decision tools in the oncological context, with lung cancer patients.

Results

The discussion highlights the most encouraging results about the positive role of decision aids during medical consultations about oncological treatments, especially regarding anxiety, decision‐making, and patient knowledge. However, no one main decision aid tool emerged as essential. Opting for a more recent timeframe to select eligible articles might shed light on the current array of decision aid tools available.

Conclusion

Future review efforts could utilize alternative search strategies to explore other lung cancer‐specific outcomes during medical consultations for treatment decisions and the implementation of decision aid tools. Engaging with experts in the fields of oncology, patient decision‐making, or health communication could provide valuable insights and recommendations for relevant literature or research directions that may not be readily accessible through traditional search methods. The development of guidelines for future research were provided with the aim to promote decision aids focused on patients' needs.
Mitigating Effect of Lepidium sativum Seeds Oil on Ovarian Oxidative Stress, DNA Abnormality and Hormonal Disturbances Induced by Acrylamide in Rats
Authors: Aboul Naser Asmaa F. , El‐Feky Amal M. , Hamed Manal A.
Published: May 2024

Acrylamide (ACR), an industrial compound, causes both male and female reproductive toxicity. Lepidium sativum seeds (L. sativum) (Garden cress) are known for their health benefits as antioxidant, antiasthmatic, anticoagulant, anti‐inflammatory, and analgesic agents. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemistry and nutritional value of L. sativum seeds oil for attenuating the ovarian damage induced by acrylamide in rats. The phytochemical investigation of the seeds revealed the presence of vitamins, potassium, iron, sugar and amino acids. Twenty eight compounds from the unsaponifiable fraction and twenty three compounds from the saponifiable fraction were identified. Three sterols and two triterpenes were isolated and identified as β‐sitosterol (1), ▵5‐avenasterol (2), friedelanol (3), stigmasta‐4, 22‐dien‐3‐one (4), and ursolic acid (5). Treatment of acrylamide‐induced rats with L. sativum seeds oil ameliorated prolactin (PRL), progesterone (P4), estradiol (E2), malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide (NO), interleukin‐6 (IL‐6), and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF‐ α) with variable degrees. The histopathological findings of ovaries supported these results. In conclusion, compounds (3‐5) were isolated for the first time from L. sativum seeds oil. The seeds oil attenuated the ovarian damage and could potentially be a new supplemental agent against female infertility.
Flavonoids and Triterpenoids Isolated From the Ethyl Acetate Extract of M. quadrangulata Leaves
Authors: de Aguilar Mariana Guerra , Veríssimo Morais Quintão Sandy , Camargo Karen Caroline , Pains Duarte Lucienir , Vasconcelos Laisa Resende , de Magalhães José Carlos , de Sousa Grasiely Faria
Published: May 2024

The new flavonoid (−)‐4’‐O‐methylepicatechin 5‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (1), along with four known triterpenes (2‐5), a steroid (6), and a flavonoid (7) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of Maytenus quadrangulata leaves. The chemical structures of the isolated compounds were determined through analysis of 1D NMR (1H and 13C) spectroscopic data, in addition to 2D NMR and spectrometric (MS) data for compound 1. This is the first report of the isolation of daucosterol (6) and (−)‐4’‐O‐methylepigallocatechin (7) from this species. Compounds 1 and 7 were evaluated against the bacteria Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae, but neither exhibited activity even at the highest concentration tested.
Crotonoids A–H, Labdane‐Type Diterpenoids with Anti‐Inflammatory Activity from Croton Sublyratus
Authors: Qi Jing‐Jing , Li Ying , Fu Rui‐Yao , Liu Qun‐Fang , Zhao Jin‐Xin , Yue Jian‐Min
Published: May 2024

Croton sublyratus (Euphorbiaceae) is a traditional medicinal plant used by the Thai populace to treat helminthic infections and dermatologic conditions. In present study, eight new labdane‐type diterpenoids, crotonoids A–H (1–8) and one known analogue (9) were isolated from the aerial parts of C. sublyratus. Compounds 6 and 7 belong to the rare class of 14,15‐dinor‐labdane diterpenoids. Compound 8 exhibited a rare 14,15,17‐trinor‐labdane skeleton. The structures of all these diterpenoids were elucidated by spectroscopic data analysis, electronic circular dichroism calculations, and single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction analysis. Compound 9 exhibited moderate anti‐inflammatory activity via the inhibition of NO production in lipopolysaccharide‐induced RAW 264.7 cells.
Production of 1,4‐Butanediol from Succinic Acid Using Escherichia Coli Whole‐Cell Catalysis
Authors: Ni Ping , Gao Cong , Wu Jing , Song Wei , Li Xiaomin , Wei Wanqing , Chen Xiulai , Liu Liming
Published: May 2024

The widespread attention towards 1,4‐butanediol (BDO) as a key chemical raw material stems from its potential in producing biodegradable plastics. However, the efficiency of its biosynthesis via current bioprocesses is limited. In this study, a dual‐pathway approach for 1,4‐BDO production from succinic acid was developed. Specifically, a double‐enzyme catalytic pathway involving carboxylic acid reductase and ethanol dehydrogenase was proposed. Optimization of the expression levels of the pathway enzymes led to a significant 318 % increase in 1,4‐BDO titer. Additionally, the rate‐limiting enzyme MmCAR was engineered to enhance the kcat/KM values by 50 % and increase 1,4‐BDO titer by 46.7 %. To address cofactor supply limitations, an NADPH and ATP cycling system was established, resulting in a 48.9 % increase in 1,4‐BDO production. Ultimately, after 48 hours, 1,4‐BDO titers reached 201 mg/L and 1555 mg/L in shake flask and 5 L fermenter, respectively. This work represents a significant advancement in 1,4‐BDO synthesis from succinic acid, with potential applications in the organic chemical and food industries.
Parenchymatous glossitis: A case report
Authors: Suzuki Masami , Eguchi Kohtaro , Yoshida Naohiro
Published: May 2024

Key Clinical Message

We present a case of parenchymatous glossitis with unilateral severe inflammation of the hyoglossus muscle, resulting in laryngeal edema. The route of inflammation was unique. Contrast‐enhanced CT was useful for diagnosis. Administration of sensitive antibiotics led to improvement. Creatine phosphokinase may be an indicator of diagnosis and treatment response.
Dual Role of a Novel Heteroleptic Cu(I) Complex in Visible‐Light‐Driven CO2 Reduction
Authors: Bruschi Cecilia , Gui Xin , Rauthe Pascal , Fuhr Olaf , Unterreiner Andreas‐Neil , Klopper Wim , Bizzarri Claudia
Published: May 2024

A novel mononuclear Cu(I) complex was synthesized via coordination with a benzoquinoxalin‐2’‐one‐1,2,3‐triazole chelating diimine and the bis[(2‐diphenylphosphino)phenyl] ether (DPEPhos), to target a new and efficient photosensitizer for photocatalytic CO2 reduction. The Cu(I) complex absorbs in the blue‐green region of the visible spectrum, with a broad band having a maximum at 475 nm (ϵ =4500 M−1 cm−1), which is assigned to the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) transition from the Cu(I) to the benzoquinoxalin‐2’‐one moiety of the diimine. Surprisingly, photo‐driven experiments for the CO2 reduction showed that this complex can undergo a photoinduced electron transfer with a sacrificial electron donor and accumulate electrons on the diimine backbone. Photo‐driven experiments in a CO2 atmosphere revealed that this complex can not only act as a photosensitizer, when combined with an Fe(III)‐porphyrin, but can also selectively produce CO from CO2. Thus, owing to its charge‐accumulation properties, the non‐innocent benzoquinoxalin‐2‐one based ligand enabled the development of the first copper(I)‐based photocatalyst for CO2 reduction.
Investigation of Aging Mechanism of Pt‐ZSM‐5 Catalysts for Non‐Oxidative Propane Dehydrogenation
Authors: Matthies Jörn H. , Dittmann Daniel , Dyballa Michael , Tuttlies Ute , Nieken Ulrich
Published: May 2024

A Pt‐ZSM5 catalyst, coked during propane dehydrogenation and regenerated with lean air, was studied by various in‐situ and ex‐situ methods. A newly developed isothermal ceramic flat‐bed reactor with inert surfaces is described and used in the experiments. Comparative measurements successfully demonstrated that temperature alone has no effect on the catalyst and that changes in conversion and selectivity are due to coke formation. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies using triphenylphosphine probe molecules of activated and deactivated samples showed the localization of the Pt clusters inside and outside the zeolite pores. It was shown that the Pt clusters are mainly located inside the zeolites and that the mobilization of Pt by contact with oxygen leads to permanent aging.