bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
High Spatiotemporal Resolution Mapping of Surface Water in the Southwest Poyang Lake and Its Responses to Climate Oscillations
Authors: Tian Haifeng , Wang Jian , Pei Jie , Qin Yaochen , Zhang Lijun , Wang Yongjiu
Published: August 2020

Accurately quantifying spatiotemporal changes in surface water is essential for water resources management, nevertheless, the dynamics of Poyang Lake surface water areas with high spatiotemporal resolution, as well as its responses to climate change, still face considerable uncertainties. Using the time series of Sentinel-1 images with 6- or 12-day intervals, the Sentinel-1 water index (SWI), and SWI-based water extraction model (SWIM) from 2015 to 2020 were used to document and study the short-term characteristics of southwest Poyang Lake surface water. The results showed that the overall accuracy of surface water area was satisfactory with an average of 91.92%, and the surface water area ranged from 129.06 km2 on 2 March 2017 to 1042.57 km2 on 17 July 2016, with significant intra- and inter-month variability. Within the 6-day interval, the maximum change of lake area was 233.42 km2 (i.e., increasing from 474.70 km2 up to 708.12 km2). We found that the correlation coefficient between the water area and the 45-day accumulated precipitation reached to 0.75 (p < 0.001). Moreover, a prediction model was built to predict the water area based on climate records. These results highlight the significance of high spatiotemporal resolution mapping for surface water in the erratic southwest Poyang Lake under a changing climate. The automated water extraction algorithm proposed in this study has potential applications in delineating surface water dynamics at broad geographic scales.
Nanoparticles Produced via Laser Ablation of Porous Silicon and Silicon Nanowires for Optical Bioimaging
Authors: Zabotnov Stanislav V. , Skobelkina Anastasiia V. , Sergeeva Ekaterina A. , Kurakina Daria A. , Khilov Aleksandr V. , Kashaev Fedor V. , Kaminskaya Tatyana P. , Presnov Denis E. , Agrba Pavel D. , Shuleiko Dmitrii V. , Kashkarov Pavel K. , Golovan Leonid A. , Kirillin Mikhail Yu.
Published: August 2020

Modern trends in optical bioimaging require novel nanoproducts combining high image contrast with efficient treatment capabilities. Silicon nanoparticles are a wide class of nanoobjects with tunable optical properties, which has potential as contrasting agents for fluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography. In this paper we report on developing a novel technique for fabricating silicon nanoparticles by means of picosecond laser ablation of porous silicon films and silicon nanowire arrays in water and ethanol. Structural and optical properties of these particles were studied using scanning electron and atomic force microscopy, Raman scattering, spectrophotometry, fluorescence, and optical coherence tomography measurements. The essential features of the fabricated silicon nanoparticles are sizes smaller than 100 nm and crystalline phase presence. Effective fluorescence and light scattering of the laser-ablated silicon nanoparticles in the visible and near infrared ranges opens new prospects of their employment as contrasting agents in biophotonics, which was confirmed by pilot experiments on optical imaging.
Microsensor Electrodes for 3D Inline Process Monitoring in Multiphase Microreactors
Authors: Urban Sebastian , Tamilselvi Sundaram Vinayaganataraj , Kieninger Jochen , Urban Gerald , Weltin Andreas
Published: August 2020

We present an electrochemical microsensor for the monitoring of hydrogen peroxide direct synthesis in a membrane microreactor environment by measuring the hydrogen peroxide and oxygen concentrations. In prior work, for the first time, we performed in situ measurements with electrochemical microsensors in a microreactor setup. However, the sensors used were only able to measure at the bottom of the microchannel. Therefore, only a limited assessment of the gas distribution and concentration change over the reaction channel dimensions was possible because the dissolved gases entered the reactor through a membrane at the top of the channel. In this work, we developed a new fabrication process to allow the sensor wires, with electrodes at the tip, to protrude from the sensor housing into the reactor channel. This enables measurements not only at the channel bottom, but also along the vertical axis within the channel, between the channel wall and membrane. The new sensor design was integrated into a multiphase microreactor and calibrated for oxygen and hydrogen peroxide measurements. The importance of measurements in three dimensions was demonstrated by the detection of strongly increased gas concentrations towards the membrane, in contrast to measurements at the channel bottom. These findings allow a better understanding of the analyte distribution and diffusion processes in the microreactor channel as the basis for process control of the synthesis reaction.
Dual Oxygen and Temperature Luminescence Learning Sensor with Parallel Inference
Authors: Venturini Francesca , Michelucci Umberto , Baumgartner Michael
Published: August 2020

A well-known approach to the optical measure of oxygen is based on the quenching of luminescence by molecular oxygen. The main challenge for this measuring method is the determination of an accurate mathematical model for the sensor response. The reason is the dependence of the sensor signal from multiple parameters (like oxygen concentration and temperature), which are cross interfering in a sensor-specific way. The common solution is to measure the different parameters separately, for example, with different sensors. Then, an approximate model is developed where these effects are parametrized ad hoc. In this work, we describe a new approach for the development of a learning sensor with parallel inference that overcomes all these difficulties. With this approach we show how to generate automatically and autonomously a very large dataset of measurements and how to use it for the training of the proposed neural-network-based signal processing. Furthermore, we demonstrate how the sensor exploits the cross-sensitivity of multiple parameters to extract them from a single set of optical measurements without any a priori mathematical model with unprecedented accuracy. Finally, we propose a completely new metric to characterize the performance of neural-network-based sensors, the Error Limited Accuracy. In general, the methods described here are not limited to oxygen and temperature sensing. They can be similarly applied for the sensing with multiple luminophores, whenever the underlying mathematical model is not known or too complex.
A Hybrid Approach for Turning Intention Prediction Based on Time Series Forecasting and Deep Learning
Authors: Zhang Hailun , Fu Rui
Published: August 2020

At an intersection with complex traffic flow, the early detection of the intention of drivers in surrounding vehicles can enable advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) to warn the driver in advance or prompt its subsystems to assess the risk and intervene early. Although different drivers show various driving characteristics, the kinematic parameters of human-driven vehicles can be used as a predictor for predicting the driver’s intention within a short time. In this paper, we propose a new hybrid approach for vehicle behavior recognition at intersections based on time series prediction and deep learning networks. First, the lateral position, longitudinal position, speed, and acceleration of the vehicle are predicted using the online autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) algorithm. Next, a variant of the long short-term memory network, called the bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network, is used to detect the vehicle’s turning behavior using the predicted parameters, as well as the derived parameters, i.e., the lateral velocity, lateral acceleration, and heading angle. The validity of the proposed method is verified at real intersections using the public driving data of the next generation simulation (NGSIM) project. The results of the turning behavior detection show that the proposed hybrid approach exhibits significant improvement over a conventional algorithm; the average recognition rates are 94.2% and 93.5% at 2 s and 1 s, respectively, before initiating the turning maneuver.
Cyber Risk in Health Facilities: A Systematic Literature Review
Authors: Sardi Alberto , Rizzi Alessandro , Sorano Enrico , Guerrieri Anna
Published: August 2020

The current world challenges include issues such as infectious disease pandemics, environmental health risks, food safety, and crime prevention. Through this article, a special emphasis is given to one of the main challenges in the healthcare sector during the COVID-19 pandemic, the cyber risk. Since the beginning of the Covid-19 pandemic, the World Health Organization has detected a dramatic increase in the number of cyber-attacks. For instance, in Italy the COVID-19 emergency has heavily affected cybersecurity; from January to April 2020, the total of attacks, accidents, and violations of privacy to the detriment of companies and individuals has doubled. Using a systematic and rigorous approach, this paper aims to analyze the literature on the cyber risk in the healthcare sector to understand the real knowledge on this topic. The findings highlight the poor attention of the scientific community on this topic, except in the United States. The literature lacks research contributions to support cyber risk management in subject areas such as Business, Management and Accounting; Social Science; and Mathematics. This research outlines the need to empirically investigate the cyber risk, giving a practical solution to health facilities.
Value Creation Attributes—Clustering Strategic Options for Romanian SMEs
Authors: Stancu Alin , Filip Alina , Roșca Mihai , Ioniță Daniela , Căplescu Raluca , Cânda Andrei , Roșca Laura
Published: August 2020

Value proposition can be an important source of competitive advantage for small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs). Unlike large companies which follow a rational and sequential process, developing a value proposition in an SME is instead a trial and error process. Therefore, those companies are experimenting with various options. The purpose of this paper was to identify the value strategies used by SMEs based on value dimensions and attributes and to find specific groups of SMEs with a similar market approach. We present a theoretical framework on customer value creation and customer value communication, followed by a quantitative research on 399 Romanian SMEs. We used a principal component analysis to reduce the number of choices and afterwards we ran a cluster analysis to identify the distinct groups of SMEs using specific value propositions. We found that there are three major strategic options based on customer experience, affordability and customization, and four distinct clusters: customer delight (A), multiple sources of differentiation (B), one-to-one marketing (C) and cost—effectiveness (D). Three groups use distinct value propositions—A focuses on customer experience, C on customization, D on affordability—while B mixes all of them.
Factors and Paths Affecting Payment for Forest Ecosystem Service: Evidence from Voluntary Forest Carbon Market in South Korea
Authors: Jo Jang-Hwan , Roh Taewoo , Hwang Jongmin , Lee Kyeong-hak , Lee Changbae
Published: August 2020

This study aims to identify factors and paths affecting payment for forest ecosystem service based on evidence from the voluntary forest carbon market in South Korea. The study was built based on the theory of planned behavior and institutional theory. The survey was conducted to 24 private forest owners, 21 workers of local governments, 9 of public institutes, and 6 of private companies. Partial least squares structural equation model was applied to verify the hypothetical structural model displaying the effects among the constructs of subjects’ recognition, intention, and behavior in participating in the forest carbon offset project. Results showed that raising awareness of forest carbon offset (FCO) is essential for revitalizing the forest carbon market. In addition, it was found that forest managers’ expectations for FCO were practical operations. Moreover, with the presence of intent to participate in the FCO, the FCO market could be revitalized only by increasing the intention of use in the management aspect and by increasing the commitment of the owner and CEO to this project. The detailed theoretical and managerial implications based on the findings are discussed in the paper.
How Neighbourhood Food Environments and a Pay-as-You-Throw (PAYT) Waste Program Impact Household Food Waste Disposal in the City of Toronto
Authors: van der Werf Paul , Larsen Kristian , Seabrook Jamie A. , Gilliland Jason
Published: August 2020

Household food waste has negative, and largely unnecessary, environmental, social and economic impacts. A better understanding of current household food waste disposal is needed to help develop and implement effective interventions to reduce food wasting. A four-season waste characterization study was undertaken with 200 single-family households across eight neighbourhoods in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. The City of Toronto provides residents with a pay-as-you-throw (PAYT) waste program that includes a choice of four garbage cart sizes (Small [S], Medium [M], Large [L], Extra Large [XL]), with increasing annual user fees ($18.00–$411.00 CAD), as well as a green cart (organic waste) and blue cart (recycling). On average, each household disposed 4.22 kg/week of total food waste, 69.90% of which was disposed in the green cart, and disposal increased significantly (p = 0.03) by garbage cart size to L but not XL garbage carts. Of this total, 61.78% consisted of avoidable food waste, annually valued at $630.00–$847.00 CAD/household. Toronto’s PAYT waste program has been effective at diverting food waste into the green cart but not at reducing its generation. Higher median incomes were positively correlated, while higher neighbourhood dwelling and population density were negatively correlated, with total and avoidable food waste disposal. Regression analyses explained 40–67% of the variance in total avoidable food waste disposal. Higher supermarket density and distance to healthier food outlets were associated with more, while dwelling density was related to less, total and avoidable food waste disposal. Distance to fast food restaurants and less healthy food outlet density were both negatively associated with avoidable food waste disposal in the garbage and green cart, respectively. Avoidable food waste reduction interventions could include increasing garbage cart fees, weight-based PAYT, or messaging to households on the monetary value of avoidable food waste, and working with food retailers to improve how households shop for their food.
Remediation of Polluted River Water by Biological, Chemical, Ecological and Engineering Processes
Authors: Md Anawar Hossain , Chowdhury Rezaul
Published: August 2020

Selection of appropriate river water treatment methods is important for the restoration of river ecosystems. An in-depth review of different river water treatment technologies has been carried out in this study. Among the physical-engineering processes, aeration is an effective, sustainable and popular technique which increases microbial activity and degrades organic pollutants. Other engineering techniques (water diversion, mechanical algae removal, hydraulic structures and dredging) are effective as well, but they are cost intensive and detrimental to river ecosystems. Riverbank filtration is a natural, slow and self-sustainable process which does not pose any adverse effects. Chemical treatments are criticised for their short-term solution, high cost and potential for secondary pollution. Ecological engineering-based techniques are preferable due to their high economic, environmental and ecological benefits, their ease of maintenance and the fact that they are free from secondary pollution. Constructed wetlands, microbial dosing, ecological floating beds and biofilms technologies are the most widely applicable ecological techniques, although some variabilities are observed in their performances. Constructed wetlands perform well under low hydraulic and pollutant loads. Sequential constructed wetland floating bed systems can overcome this limitation. Ecological floating beds are highly recommended for their low cost, high effectiveness and optimum plant growth facilities.
Business Models and Innovation in the Indonesian Smallholder Beef Value Chain
Authors: Asikin Zenal , Baker Derek , Villano Renato , Daryanto Arief
Published: August 2020

This paper proposes a framework for identification of business models in smallholder cattle production and marketing that represents innovation behaviour. Cattle are vital to Indonesia’s smallholders’ livelihoods, and smallholder systems are key to serving the country’s growing demand for beef. Business incentives currently select against the development and sustainability of breeding systems which would support domestic production, and so new models are needed which utilize innovation. The three primary components of a business model are presented: its value proposition, its value architecture, and its financing mechanism. A research approach is provided, by way of mapping data needs to the business models, and proposing relationships between observed innovation practices and the business models within the value chain. For implementation, the paper provides guidance on facilitation needs and the role of stakeholders in the case of the Indonesian cattle and beef value chain.
Impact of Indo-Pacific Climate Variability on Rice Productivity in Bihar, India
Authors: Sahu Netrananda , Saini Atul , Behera Swadhin , Sayama Takahiro , Nayak Sridhara , Sahu Limonlisa , Duan Weili , Avtar Ram , Yamada Masafumi , Singh R. B. , Takara Kaoru
Published: August 2020

The impact of Indo-Pacific climate variability in the South Asian region is very pronounced and their impact on agriculture is very important for the Indian subcontinent. In this study, rice productivity, climatic factors (Rainfall, Temperature and Soil Moisture) and associated major Indo-Pacific climate indices in Bihar were investigated. Bihar is one of the major rice-producing states of India and the role of climate variability and prevailing climate indices in six events (between 1991–2014) with severer than −10% rice productivity are analyzed. The Five-year moving average, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation, Partial Correlation, Linear Regression Model, Mann Kendall Test, Sen’s Slope and some other important statistical techniques were used to understand the association between climatic variables and rice productivity. Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation provided an overview of the significant correlation between climate indices and rice productivity. Whereas, Partial Correlation provided the most refined results on it and among all the climate indices, Niño 3, Ocean Niño Index and Southern Oscillation Index are found highly associated with years having severer than −10% decline in rice productivity. Rainfall, temperature and soil moisture anomalies are analyzed to observe the importance of climate factors in rice productivity. Along with the lack of rainfall, lack of soil moisture and persistent above normal temperature (especially maximum temperature) are found to be the important factors in cases of severe loss in rice productivity. Observation of the dynamics of ocean-atmosphere coupling through the composite map shows the Pacific warming signals during the event years. The analysis revealed a negative (positive) correlation of rice productivity with the Niño 3 and Ocean Niño Index (Southern Oscillation Index).
Pricing and Subsidy Models for Transshipment Sustainability in the Three Gorges Dam Region of China
Authors: Yang Lijuan , Li Eldon Y. , Zhang Yu
Published: August 2020

Congestion before the Three Gorges Dam has been an obstacle to the sustainable development of the Yangtze River. Water–land transshipment can be a better way to alleviate congestion. Consequently, the government started to offer subsidies to evacuate ships’ traffic flow through transshipment despite that it increases environmental pollution. In this paper, we analyze the effects of subsidies on carriers’ adoption behavioral strategies, congestion and transshipment on the environment, and subsidies on pricing considering environmental emissions. Two different models are constructed, and a simulation analysis is carried out with different scenarios by varying the values of different parameters. The results show that subsidies can affect carriers’ behavioral strategies. Both lockage and transshipment modes can increase environmental emissions. Pricing under the subsidy scenario can be more competitive with profit maximization. The results offer important implications to policymakers, carriers, shippers.
Growing Olive Oil Export and Intra-Industry Trade in Mediterranean Countries: Application of Gravity Model
Authors: Kashiwagi Kenichi , Yamna Erraach , Arfa Lamia , Zaibet Lokman
Published: August 2020

While olive oil production is spreading to the non-traditional producer countries, including the US, Australia, and New Zealand, Mediterranean countries are still major producers and exporters. However, little is known about their olive oil exports simultaneously growing in tandem with their large volume of imports. This paper examines the factors that affect olive oil exports and imports in Mediterranean countries. Using balanced panel data of olive oil trade in Mediterranean countries from 1998 to 2016, we estimated the commodity-specific gravity model. Results suggest that an increase in the overall bilateral size of trading partners positively affects the flow of olive oil trade. The difference in factor endowments has a negative impact on exports, whereas its effect is positive on their imports. The members of the European Union (EU) are competitive in olive oil export, and the volume of its import is large among the EU countries whose per capita income and demand properties are similar. These results support Linder’s hypothesis rather than the predictions from the traditional Heckscher–Ohlin trade theory. The simultaneous export and import of olive oil in Mediterranean countries implies the relevance of a growing intra-industry trade rather than a country’s specialization following its comparative advantage.
The Return to Europe or the Return to Solidarity? Gdańsk Shipyard—Case Study in Organizational Culture
Authors: Prawelska-Skrzypek Grażyna , Morgan Agata
Published: August 2020

Objective: This paper is an attempt to give an analysis of the cultural impact of “Solidarity” on Polish organizational culture, and the process of substituting that message for an alternative one—neoliberal organizational culture.
Programming of Industrial Robots Using the Recognition of Geometric Signs in Flexible Welding Process
Authors: Ciszak Olaf , Juszkiewicz Jakub , Suszyński Marcin
Published: August 2020

The purpose of the article was to build a low-cost system for identifying shapes in order to program industrial robots (on the base of the six-axis “ABB IRB 140” robot) for a welding process in 2D. The whole system consisted of several elements developed in individual stages. The first step was to identify the existing robot control systems, which analysed images from an attached low-cost digital camera. Then, a computer program, which handles communication with the digital camera capturing and processing, was written. In addition, the program’s task was to detect geometric shapes (contours) drawn by humans and to approximate them. This study also presents research on a binarization and contour recognition method for this application. Based on this, the robot is able to weld the same contours on a 2D plane.
Microbiota: a Sword that Breaks Through Diabetes
Authors: Dai Zhu Jiang , Zhang Jing Qiu , Wu Qi , Fang Hui Wen , Tang Dong , Wang Dao Rong
Published: August 2020

Diabetes are a group of metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia that is a major public health problem. Middle-aged and elderly people are at the highest risk of type 2 diabetes, but younger cases are now being diagnosed with greater frequency. Numerous clinical studies have reported that the behavior of the intestinal microbiota may affect the development of metabolic disorders in humans, including obesity and diabetes. This review describes the relationship between the gut microbiota and diabetes, and discusses the possible mechanisms underlying their involvement in the development of type 1 diabetes, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. By better understanding the intestinal microbiota, it may become possible to treat diabetes and obesity by manipulating the gut microbes through probiotics and dietary changes, fecal microbiota transplantation, or surgical approaches.
VIDEOCIRURGIA EM CÃE E GATOS – REVISÃO DE LITERATURA
Authors: Santos Ivan Felismino Charas , Apolonio Emanuel , Gallina Marina , Souza Paulo , Nishimaru Rogério , Almeida Karina , Pereira Guilherme , Sakata Stella
Published: August 2020

A videocirurgia é um recurso para cirurgias minimamente invasivas que possibilita minimizar o trauma cirúrgico, risco de infecção, dor pós-operatória e o tempo de recuperação, sendo amplamente utilizada em pacientes humanos, e ao longo dos anos vem sendo usada na Medicina Veterinária. Visto que o uso da videocirurgia é considerada recente na Medicina Veterinária, o objetivo do presente trabalho foi realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre o uso da videocirurgia em cães e gatos, nas suas diversas modalidades como endoscopia, artroscopia, laparoscopia torácica e abdominal, e dessa forma, contribuir na atualização do tema. A videocirurgia em cães e gatos possibilita diagnóstico e tratamento de diversas afecções, e sua utilização apresenta potencial crescimento na Medicina Veterinária, visto que o procedimento foi considerado seguro e minimamente invasivo, entretanto, o alto valor do procedimento faz com que a procura por esses serviços seja baixa.
Scalèo e scalandrino
Authors: Mazzanti Alice
Published: August 2020

Alcuni utenti che scrivono dall’Umbria ci chiedono se la parola scalandrino sia da considerare italiana, regionale o dialettale, anche in relazione al sinonimo scaleo.
Изучение пригодности молока сырого, пастеризованного и ультрапастеризованного для приготовления сыра
Authors: Борисова Анна Викторовна , Поликарпова Ксения Васильевна
Published: August 2020

В России с 2014 года увеличилось производство сыра не только на крупных предприятиях, но открылось много частных фирм и фермерских хозяйств, выпускающих широкий ассортимент сыров. Целью данной работы являлось изучение пригодности образцов молока сырого, пастеризованного и ультрапастеризованного для приготовления сыра в промышленных и домашних условиях. В работе изучено 42 образца молока: 17 образцов питьевого молока пастеризованного, 10 образцов ультрапастризованного, 3 образца свежего козьего молока, 12 образцов свежего коровьего молока. Изучение химического состава и определение сычужной пробы молока выявило, что на свертываемость молока влияет соотношение жир/белок, источник получения молока. Наиболее пригодным для производства сыра является свежее молоко, полученное от коров и коз молочных пород, получающих сбалансированный рацион. Такое молоко образует плотный и упругий сгусток. Технология пастеризации и ультрапастеризации, применяемая при получении питьевого молока на разных заводах, влияет на сыропригодность. Более предпочтительным является использование пастеризованного молока. Из 10 образцов ультрапастеризованного молока только у 3 образцов наблюдалось хотя бы начало образования сгустка. В целом, питьевое пастеризованное и ультрапастеризованное молоко независимо от способа упаковки и жирности можно использовать для производства сыра, но при этом следует обращать внимание на производителя молока. Следует учитывать, что из-за необратимых структурных изменений молока, происходящих при воздействии высоких температуры и давления, процесс синерезиса может происходить значительно медленнее, сгусток получаться более дряблым, что требует особенного внимания при производстве сыра.
Теоретическое обоснование процесса охлаждения молока набором замороженных шаров
Authors: Семенов Евгений Владимирович , Бабакин Борис Сергеевич , Сучков Александр Николаевич , Воронин Михаил Ильич , Бабакин Сергей Борисович
Published: August 2020

В перерабатывающих производствах агропромышленного комплекса охлаждение сырьевых ресурсов, в том числе и сырого молока, способствует сохранению их биологических свойств, предотвращает размножение в продуктах вредной микрофлоры. Анализ с точки зрения эффективности экономики специализирующихся на производстве сырого молока фермерских хозяйств выявляет, как одно из энергозатратных звеньев технологического потока этого производства, именно холодильное оборудование. Практическая эксплуатация данного вида оборудования в настоящее время, безусловно, снижает возможности конкуренции фермерских хозяйств с другими производителями и в проводимой Правительством Российской Федерации политики продовольственного импортозамещения в современных сложных рыночных условиях. Поэтому сейчас и на перспективу необходимо ориентировать усилия научно-технического персонала исследовательских и проектных организаций в направлении научного поиска и разработке техники и технологии снижающего удельные затраты холодильного оборудования как для фермерских хозяйств, так и в целом для промышленности страны. В статье авторами, как одно из альтернативных технико-технологических решений проблемы охлаждения данного вида сырья, предлагается использовать в качестве аккумуляторов холода набор тел с развитой поверхностью, а именно, с помощью замороженного до эвтектических температур холодоаккумулирующего вещества, находящегося в шарообразных капсулах. При этом снижаются тепловые потери за счет интенсификации теплообмена в результате контакта между обрабатываемой жидкостной средой и холодоаккумулирующим веществом; упрощается аппаратурное оформление системы охлаждения; создается возможность работы охлаждающей системы как в периодическом, так и в непрерывном (проточном) режимах; в холодное время года, а также в ночные часы, в условиях льготной тарификации электроэнергии, установка может эффективно аккумулировать холод. Предложенный для охлаждения молока способ снижения температуры обрабатываемой холодом жидкости может быть использован на частных молочных фермах с небольшим содержанием поголовья крупнорогатого скота.охлаждение
Appraising the Physico-chemical Characteristics and Heavy Metals in Pond Water at Quarry Site in Ngwogwo, Ebonyi State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogbonna P. C. , Ukpai N. P. , Obasi K. O. , Umezuruike S. O.
Published: August 2020

Quarrying as a land use is a potential source of water pollution but lack of access to safe drinking water has impelled people to make use of pond water from quarry sites. This study investigated the physico-chemical parameters and heavy metals of water samples collected at China quarry site in Ngwogwo Ivo Local Government of Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd (0.01±0.00 to 0.02±0.00 mg/l), Pb (6.70±0.78 to 7.87±1.08 mg/l), Ni (1.03±0.04 to 1.37±0.04 mg/l), As (1.99±0.02 to 2.35±0.09 mg/l), Fe (3.66±0.44 to 4.18±0.04 mg/l) and Zn (2.47±0.06 to 3.17±1.13 mg/l) were higher than the permissible limit of drinking water by World Health Organization, WHO and Standard Organization of Nigeria, SON. Also, the values of biochemical oxygen demand, BOD (37.57±1.44 to 53.13±0.86 mg/l), chemical oxygen demand, COD (59.55±0.51 to 61.28±0.64 mg/l), dissolved oxygen, DO (5.14±1.51 to 5.75±1.09 mg/l), Mn (3.64±0.91 to 5.10±1.27 %) and Ca (91.88±0.18 to 102.83±0.59 %) were higher than the permissible limit recommended by WHO. Consequently, it is recommended that quarry workers and inhabitants of Ngwogwo should be discouraged from making use of the pond water since it is not fit and will expose them to serious health challenges. In addition, Ebonyi State Government should demand Environmental Impact Assessment report from miners before issuing operating license to them.
Análise do efeito do golpe de aríete numa adutora com uma junção de ramificação
Authors: de Castro Sanders Neto Vicente , Costa Barbosa João Marcelo , Holanda de Castro Marco Aurelio
Published: August 2020

Este trabalho tem como objetivo calcular os efeitos do golpe de aríete na ramificação de uma adutora hipotética para verificar a necessidade de realizar estudos preliminares antes de adaptações ou improvisos em adutoras já executadas. O transiente hidráulico do sistema proposto foi modelado usando o método das características, por meio das equações do momento e continuidade dos fluidos, adotando as condições de contorno de uma junção de ramificação. A variação de carga de pressão na ramificação foi obtida por meio da modelagem computacional com auxílio de planilhas, podendo-se concluir pela análise dos dados que, no fechamento lento do registro na seção ramificada, há uma variação de carga 54,86% acima da carga de pressão no regime permanente na válvula do trecho 3 acima da carga piezométrica do reservatório, sendo assim indispensável o estudo de transientes de adaptações em adutoras.
Palavras-chave: Método das Características. Golpe de Aríete. Prevenção de Danos.
Incorporation of sarcolemmal calcium transporters into the Shorten et al. (2007) model of skeletal muscle: equations, coding, and stability
Authors: Noble Penelope J. , Garny Alan , Shorten Paul R. , Tasaki Kazuyo , Afshar Nima , Noble Denis
Published: August 2020

We describe a major development of the Shorten et al. (Shorten et al., 2007) model of skeletal
muscle electrophysiology, biochemistry, and mechanics. The model was developed by incorporating
equations for sarcolemmal transport of calcium ions, including L-type calcium channel,
sodium-calcium exchange, calcium pump, and background calcium channel. The extended model
also includes an addition to the equations for extracellular potassium ion movements to enable
the exchange of potassium ions between bulk (plasma) concentration and the interstitial and
tubular compartments to be modeled. In further research in an accompanying paper (Tasaki et
al, 2019), we succeeded in reproducing muscle cramp, as well as its prevention and reversal, by
investigating muscle contraction and cramp using this extended model in comparison with the
original model.
Understanding the Sport Event Volunteer Experience In the Implementation Mode of a Para-sport Event: An Autoethnography
Authors: Lachance Erik L. , Parent Milena M.
Published: August 2020

Research on volunteerism is one of the largest areas of inquiry within sport event management. Yet, the volunteer experience, as a phenomenon related to four constructs (satisfaction, motivation, commitment, and sense of community), is poorly understood over the course of the event's
life cycle due to the strong emphasis on quantitative methodologies and cross-sectional designs. Using an autoethnographic approach, the purpose of this study was to understand the volunteer experience in the implementation mode of the event life cycle. The context of the study was the 2017
Canadian Electric Wheelchair Hockey Association Nationals where the first author collected data through field notes and a personal journal, while the second author acted as an outsider and allowed for peer debriefing to occur. Following the completion of the event, data were thematically analyzed
and two key themes were identified: (a) success in assigned role: satisfaction and the volunteer experience, and (b) sense of community: impetus for commitment, motivation, and the volunteer experience. Theoretical contributions of this article include (1) the transferability of the conceptual
framework used in the study, which was originally developed and investigated in the planning mode of the event life cycle; and (2) the understanding of the volunteer experience during the implementation mode and how it is impacted by its four related constructs. Event managers are encouraged
to develop specific strategies touching upon satisfaction, motivation, commitment, and sense of community to enhance their volunteers' experience.
Herbivores just need a calm place to feed: Ants cannot help them
Authors: Queiroz Antônio C. M. , Mendes Cibele R. , Da Costa Dalbert B.
Published: August 2020

Why do herbivores, like Coelomera sp., seek to consume leaf tissue of Cecropia pachystachya colonized by Azteca alfari Emery, 1893 if they are at risk of being attacked by these ants? We collected herbivory data (leaf area lost, occurrence of herbivores and expulsion of enemies by A. alfari) in different shifts (times of the day) in 50 C. pachystachya trees (25 uncolonized and 25 colonized by A. alfari). We registered less leaf area lost and less beetle occurrence in colonized plants. Moreover, the proportion of enemies expelled (killed or removed) is more related to the number of ants that were patrolling and attacking the invaders in the tissue than to the total number of ants present in colonized plants due to A. alfari recruitment and behavior. Thus, such herbivores prefer to use tissues of uncolonized plants and tree structures of colonized ones with less active ants given the risk evaluation of encountering a group of aggressive ants. In this way, C. pachystachya needs these ants to cover the plant tissues as much as possible to ensure its protection.
Muyocopronones A and B: azaphilones from the endophytic fungus Muyocopron laterale
Authors: Nakashima Ken-ichi , Tomida Junko , Tsuboi Tomoe , Kawamura Yoshiaki , Inoue Makoto
Published: August 2020

Two new azaphilones, namely muyocopronones A (1) and B (2), were isolated from the cultures of an endophytic fungus Muyocopron laterale ECN279. Their structures were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis. Their absolute configurations were determined using the modified Mosher’s method and through comparisons of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism data. In addition, muyocopronone B (2) was found to exhibit a weak antibacterial activity against some Gram-positive bacteria.
ESPRONCEDA CLÁSICO Y ROMÁNTICO
Authors: Landeira Ricardo
Published: August 2020

Sin información.
Etika Profesi dan Pengalaman Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Auditor BPK RI Perwakilan Provinsi Gorontalo
Authors: Aday Nanda Apriyani , Husain Siti Pratiwi , Lukum Amir
Published: August 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh etika profesi dan pengalaman kerja terhadap kinerja auditor BPK RI Perwakilan Provinsi Gorontalo. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode kuantitatif. Jenis data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada responden. Sampel yang digunakan adalah seluruh auditor BPK RI Perwakilan Provinsi Gorontalo dengan teknik pengumpulan sampling jenuh dengan jumlah 25 responden. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah analisis regresi berga nda. Hasil penelitian secara parsial etika profesi berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor. Pengalaman kerja secara parsial berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor. Secara simultan etika profes i dan pengalaman kerja berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kinerja auditor BPK RI Perwakilan Provinsi Gororontalo.
Sinop Karasu Çayı fizikokimyasal özellikleri ve mikrobiyolojik kirliliğinin araştırılması
Authors: Gündoğdu Ayşe , Çarlı Uğur
Published: August 2020

Amaç: Kentleşmenin ve sosyoekonomik faaliyetlerin her geçen gün artması, evrende doğal kaynakların kirlenmesine ve bozulmasına neden olmaktadır. Çalışma, Karadeniz Bölgesi'ndeki Küre Dağları'nın Gündüzlü Ormanlarından doğan ve Sinop'un 8 km batısındaki Akliman sahilinden Karadeniz'e dökülen Karasu Çayı’nın su kalitesini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem ve Bulgular: Karasu Çayı’nın sıcaklık, karbondioksit, pH, alkalinite, çözünmüş oksijen, iletkenlik, oksidasyon-redüksiyon potansiyeli, klorür, biyolojik oksijen ihtiyacı, amonyum azotu, hidrojen sülfür, organik madde, toplam askıda katı madde parametreleri ile Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliform değerleri Mayıs 2014'ten Nisan 2015'e kadar her ay takip edilerek mevsimsel durumu ortaya konulmuştur. Karasu Çayı’nın Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliform yükü en düşük kış mevsiminde (4. istasyon), en yüksek yaz mevsiminde (1. istasyon) tespit edilmiştir. Su örneklerinin analizi BOI5, NH4+-N, OM, Toplam koliform ve Fekal koliform ortalama değerlerinin mevsimler ve istasyonlar arasında istatistiksel farklılıkları anlamlı (P <0.05) bulunmuştur. Ayrıca sıcaklık, CO2, pH, ÇO, alkalinite ve H2S değerleri mevsimler arası önemli ölçüde farklılık gösterirken (P <0.05), istasyonlar arası farklılık (P >0.05) olmamıştır. Genel Yorum: Araştırma sonuçları Yerüstü Su Kalitesi Yönetmeliği ile karşılaştırıldığında nehir suyunun Toplam koliform (I.-II. Sınıf) ve Fekal koliform (II.-III. Sınıf) yükünün sınıfları belirlenmiştir. Su kaynağının ÇO değerinin düşük ve H2S, F. Koliform değerlerinin yüksek değerlerde seyrettiği belirlenmiştir. Bu durumun su kaynağında ötrofikasyonun başlamasına ya da artışına sebep olabilme ihtimalini güçlendirmektedir. Çalışmanın Önemi ve Etkisi: Su kaynaklarının sürdürülebilirliklerini sağlayabilmek için, sucul ortamların daha fazla bozulmalarının engellenmesi gerekmekte ve su kaynaklarının korunmasının sağlanması, konunun ön plana çıkarılmasıyla mümkün olabilir.
Application of different molecular markers in biotechnology
Authors: KOCAMAN Berna , TOY Sevim , MARAKLI Sevgi
Published: August 2020

Several molecular markers have been developed to explore genetic diversity, resistance against biotic/abiotic stress, disease, biomarker and evolutionary relationships in different genomes. These markers could be classified as sequence, hybridisation, PCR and retrotransposon based techniques. In this study, procedure and applications of AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism), ITS (Internal Transcribed Spacer), IRAP (Inter Retrotransposon Amplified Polymorphism), SSR (Simple Sequence Repeats), VNTR (Variable Number Tandem Repeats), SNP (single nucleotide polymorphism), CAPS (Cleaved Amplified Polymorphic Sequences), SCoT (Start Codon Targeted Polymorphism), SSCP (Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism) markers in plant, animal and human genomes were discussed.
Ultra-short-period Planets Are Stable against Tidal Inspiral
Authors: Hamer Jacob H. , Schlaufman Kevin C.
Published: August 2020

It has been unambiguously shown both in individual systems and at the population level that hot Jupiters experience tidal inspiral before the end of their host stars’ main-sequence lifetimes. Ultra-short-period (USP) planets have orbital periods P < 1 day, rocky compositions, and are expected to experience tidal decay on similar timescales to hot Jupiters if the efficiency of tidal dissipation inside their host stars parameterized as

is independent of P and/or secondary mass M
p. Any difference between the two classes of systems would reveal that a model with constant

is insufficient. If USP planets experience tidal inspiral, then USP planet systems will be relatively young compared to similar stars without USP planets. Because it is a proxy for relative age, we calculate the Galactic velocity dispersions of USP planet candidate host and non-host stars using data from Gaia Data Release 2 supplemented with ground-based radial velocities. We find that main-sequence USP planet candidate host stars have kinematics consistent with similar stars in the Kepler field without observed USP planets. This indicates that USP planet hosts have similar ages to field stars and that USP planets do not experience tidal inspiral during the main-sequence lifetimes of their host stars. The survival of USP planets requires that 

 ≳ 107 at P ≈ 0.7 day and

. This result demands that

depend on the orbital period and/or mass of the secondary in the range

days and

.
Secular Resonances in Nonrestricted Hierarchical Triple Systems
Authors: Tan Pan , Hou Xiyun , Liao Xinhao , Wang Wenlei , Tang Jingshi
Published: August 2020

In this paper, the averaged Hamiltonian of a nonrestricted hierarchical triple system truncated at the third order is investigated. First, each secular resonant term is studied. For the well-studied secular quadrupole theory, it is analytically reformulated in a different manner in our work. The resonance width is numerically determined and displayed on the

plane (also denoted as the

plane). In terms of the octupole terms, we show that for a near-planar configuration of the system, considerable variations of both the eccentricities of the inner and outer orbits can be generated by a single resonant term. The resonance width for every secular resonant angle from the octupole terms is also numerically determined and displayed on the

plane. The results show that an orbit flip with a near-perpendicular initial mutual inclination is possible for each secular resonance. By displaying the resonance widths of different resonant terms on the same

plane, we intuitively show the overlap of different secular resonances. Then, the full averaged Hamiltonian with both quadrupole and octupole terms is investigated using the Poincaré surface of section, with a special focus on the orbit flip. For the cases we exploited, we find that the near-planar flip of the inner orbit can be either regular or chaotic while the outer orbit flip is generally chaotic.
Gas-driven Inspiral of Binaries in Thin Accretion Disks
Authors: Tiede Christopher , Zrake Jonathan , MacFadyen Andrew , Haiman Zoltan
Published: August 2020

Numerical studies of gas accretion onto supermassive black hole binaries have generally been limited to conditions where the circumbinary disk (CBD) is 10–100 times thicker than expected for disks in active galactic nuclei. This discrepancy arises from technical limitations, and also from publication bias toward replicating fiducial numerical models. Here we present the first systematic study of how the binary’s orbital evolution varies with disk scale height. We report three key results: (1) binary orbital evolution switches from outspiraling for warm disks (aspect ratio h/r ∼ 0.1), to inspiraling for more realistic cooler, thinner disks at a critical value of h/r ∼ 0.04, corresponding to orbital Mach number

. (2) The net torque on the binary arises from a competition between positive torque from gas orbiting close to the black holes, and negative torque from the inner edge of the CBD, which is denser for thinner disks. This leads to increasingly negative net torques on the binary for increasingly thin disks. (3) The accretion rate is modestly suppressed with increasing Mach number. We discuss how our results may influence modeling of the nano-Hz gravitational-wave background, as well as estimates of the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna merger event rate.