bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regions’ Technology Brokerage Patterns and Dynamics for Regional Development
Authors: Seo Ilwon
Published: May 2019

While extant studies on brokerage address its structural competitiveness and network performance, few studies address the fundamental question of whether all the brokerage types have identical and positive effects on network development. Extending the Gould and Fernandez’s brokerage topology, the study measures the contribution of the brokerage roles over to the network evolution. For the purpose, the Chinese technology transfer flow networks were utilized to reveal the brokerage patterns of three anchor regions—Beijing, Shanghai, and Shenzhen. The analysis outlines that Beijing and Shenzhen, as nation-wide brokerage hubs, transmit the technology across the whole regions, while Shanghai seems to be a more balanced broker region connecting the neighbour regions with the others. The longitudinal simulation analysis demonstrates that a liaison-type brokerage function, connecting the heterogeneous knowledge sources, contributes to the growth of the regional network.
Extreme Weather Events in Agriculture: A Systematic Review
Authors: Cogato Alessia , Meggio Franco , De Antoni Migliorati Massimiliano , Marinello Francesco
Published: May 2019

Despite the increase of publications focusing on the consequences of extreme weather events (EWE) for the agricultural sector, a specific review of EWE related to agriculture is missing. This work aimed at assessing the interrelation between EWE and agriculture through a systematic quantitative review of current scientific literature. The review analysed 19 major cropping systems (cereals, legumes, viticulture, horticulture and pastures) across five continents. Documents were extracted from the Scopus database and examined with a text mining tool to appraise the trend of publications across the years, the specific EWE-related issues examined and the research gaps addressed. The results highlighted that food security and economic losses due to the EWE represent a major interest of the scientific community. Implementation of remote sensing and imagery techniques for monitoring and detecting the effects of EWE is still underdeveloped. Large research gaps still lie in the areas concerning the effects of EWE on major cash crops (grapevine and tomato) and the agronomic dynamics of EWE in developing countries. Current knowledge on the physiological dynamics regulating the responses of main crops to EWE appears to be well established, while more research is urgently needed in the fields of mitigation measures and governance systems.
A Multi-Feature Fusion Based on Transfer Learning for Chicken Embryo Eggs Classification
Authors: Huang Lvwen , He Along , Zhai Mengqun , Wang Yuxi , Bai Ruige , Nie Xiaolin
Published: May 2019

The fertility detection of Specific Pathogen Free (SPF) chicken embryo eggs in vaccine preparation is a challenging task due to the high similarity among six kinds of hatching embryos (weak, hemolytic, crack, infected, infertile, and fertile). This paper firstly analyzes two classification difficulties of feature similarity with subtle variations on six kinds of five- to seven-day embryos, and proposes a novel multi-feature fusion based on Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) architecture in a small dataset. To avoid overfitting, data augmentation is employed to generate enough training images after the Region of Interest (ROI) of original images are cropped. Then, all the augmented ROI images are fed into pretrained AlexNet and GoogLeNet to learn the discriminative deep features by transfer learning, respectively. After the local features of Speeded Up Robust Feature (SURF) and Histogram of Oriented Gradient (HOG) are extracted, the multi-feature fusion with deep features and local features is implemented. Finally, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) is trained with the fused features. The verified experiments show that this proposed method achieves an average classification accuracy rate of 98.4%, and that the proposed transfer learning has superior generalization and better classification performance for small-scale agricultural image samples.
Improvement on Meshing Stiffness Algorithms of Gear with Peeling
Authors: Cui Lingli , Liu Tongtong , Huang Jinfeng , Wang Huaqing
Published: May 2019

This paper investigates the effect of a gear tooth peeling on meshing stiffness of involute gears. The tooth of the gear wheel is symmetric about the axis, and its symmetry will change after the gear spalling, and its meshing stiffness will also change during the meshing process. On this basis, an analytical model was developed, and based on the energy method a meshing stiffness algorithm for the complete meshing process of single gear teeth with peeling gears was proposed. According to the influence of the change of meshing point relative to the peeling position on the meshing stiffness, this algorithm calculates its stiffness separately. The influence of the peeling sizes on mesh stiffness is studied by simulation analysis. As a very important parameter, the study of gear mesh stiffness is of great significance to the monitoring of working conditions and the prevention of sudden failure of the gear box system.
A Hybrid Model Based on a Two-Layer Decomposition Approach and an Optimized Neural Network for Chaotic Time Series Prediction
Authors: Xu Xinghan , Ren Weijie
Published: May 2019

The prediction of chaotic time series has been a popular research field in recent years. Due to the strong non-stationary and high complexity of the chaotic time series, it is difficult to directly analyze and predict depending on a single model, so the hybrid prediction model has become a promising and favorable alternative. In this paper, we put forward a novel hybrid model based on a two-layer decomposition approach and an optimized back propagation neural network (BPNN). The two-layer decomposition approach is proposed to obtain comprehensive information of the chaotic time series, which is composed of complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and variational mode decomposition (VMD). The VMD algorithm is used for further decomposition of the high frequency subsequences obtained by CEEMDAN, after which the prediction performance is significantly improved. We then use the BPNN optimized by a firefly algorithm (FA) for prediction. The experimental results indicate that the two-layer decomposition approach is superior to other competing approaches in terms of four evaluation indexes in one-step and multi-step ahead predictions. The proposed hybrid model has a good prospect in the prediction of chaotic time series.
Counterintuitive Test Problems for Transformed Fuzzy Number-Based Similarity Measures between Intuitionistic Fuzzy Sets
Authors: Tang Hui-Chin , Cheng Kuan-Sheng
Published: May 2019

This paper analyzes the counterintuitive behaviors of transformed fuzzy number (FN)- based similarity measures between intuitionistic fuzzy sets (IFSs). Among these transformed FN-based similarity measures, Chen and Chang’s similarity measure (2015) is a novel one. An algorithm of computing Chen and Chang’s similarity measure is proposed. We analyze the counterintuitive behaviors of Chen and Chang’s similarity measure for seven general test problems and four test problems with three inclusive IFSs. The results indicate that there are six counterintuitive test problems for Chen and Chang’s similarity measure.
Extremal Bipartite Graphs with Given Parameters on the Resistance–Harary Index
Authors: Wang Hongzhuan , Yin Piaoyang
Published: May 2019

Resistance distance is a concept developed from electronic networks. The calculation of resistance distance in various circuits has attracted the attention of many engineers. This report considers the resistance-based graph invariant, the Resistance–Harary index, which represents the sum of the reciprocal resistances of any vertex pair in the figure G, denoted by R H ( G ) . Vertex bipartiteness in a graph G is the minimum number of vertices removed that makes the graph G become a bipartite graph. In this study, we give the upper bound and lower bound of the R H index, and describe the corresponding extremal graphs in the bipartite graph of a given order. We also describe the graphs with maximum R H index in terms of graph parameters such as vertex bipartiteness, cut edges, and matching numbers.
Making Sense of Complexity: Using SenseMaker as a Research Tool
Authors: Van der Merwe Susara E. , Biggs Reinette , Preiser Rika , Cunningham Charmaine , Snowden David J. , O’Brien Karen , Jenal Marcus , Vosloo Marietjie , Blignaut Sonja , Goh Zhen
Published: May 2019

There is growing interest in studying processes of human sensemaking, as this strongly influences human and organizational behavior as well as complex system dynamics due to the diverse lenses people use to interpret and act in the world. The Cognitive Edge SenseMaker® tool is one method for capturing and making sense of people’s attitudes, perceptions, and experiences. It is used for monitoring and evaluation; mapping ideas, mind-sets, and attitudes; and detecting trends and weak signals. However, academic literature describing the tool-set and method is lacking. This introduction aims to guide researchers in choosing when to use SenseMaker and to facilitate understanding of its execution and limitations. SenseMaker can provide nuanced insight into system-level patterns of human sensemaking that can provide insight to nudge systems towards more desirable futures, and enable researchers to measure beyond what they know.
Fusarium Toxins in Chinese Wheat since the 1980s
Authors: Qiu Jianbo , Xu Jianhong , Shi Jianrong
Published: May 2019

Wheat Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by Fusarium species, is a widespread and destructive fungal disease. In addition to the substantial yield and revenue losses, diseased grains are often contaminated with Fusarium mycotoxins, making them unsuitable for human consumption or use as animal feed. As a vital food and feed ingredient in China, the quality and safety of wheat and its products have gained growing attention from consumers, producers, scientists, and policymakers. This review supplies detailed data about the occurrence of Fusarium toxins and related intoxications from the 1980s to the present. Despite the serious situation of toxin contamination in wheat, the concentration of toxins in flour is usually lower than that in raw materials, and food-poisoning incidents have been considerably reduced. Much work has been conducted on every phase of toxin production and wheat circulation by scientific researchers. Regulations for maximum contamination limits have been established in recent years and play a substantial role in ensuring the stability of the national economy and people’s livelihoods.
Toxicity Studies of Chanoclavine in Mice
Authors: Finch Sarah C. , Munday John S. , Sprosen Jan M. , Bhattarai Sweta
Published: May 2019

Epichloë endophytes have been used successfully in pastoral grasses providing protection against insect pests through the expression of secondary metabolites. This approach could be extended to other plant species, such as cereals, reducing reliance on pesticides. To be successful, the selected endophyte must express secondary metabolites that are active against cereal insect pests without any secondary metabolite, which is harmful to animals. Chanoclavine is of interest as it is commonly expressed by endophytes and has potential insecticidal activity. Investigation of possible mammalian toxicity is therefore required. An acute oral toxicity study showed the median lethal dose of chanoclavine to be >2000 mg/kg. This allows it to be classified as category 5 using the globally harmonized system of classification and labelling of chemicals, and category 6.1E using the New Zealand Hazardous Substances and New Organisms (HSNO) hazard classes, the lowest hazard class under both systems of classification. A three-week feeding study was also performed, which showed chanoclavine, at a dose rate of 123.9 mg/kg/day, initially reduced food consumption but was resolved by day seven. No toxicologically significant effects on gross pathology, histology, hematology, or blood chemistry were observed. These experiments showed chanoclavine to be of low toxicity and raised no food safety concerns.
Questions Related to the Equation of State of High-Density Matter
Authors: Miller M. Coleman
Published: May 2019

Astronomical data about neutron stars can be combined with laboratory nuclear data to give us a strong base from which to infer the equation of state of cold catalyzed matter beyond nuclear density. However, the nuclear and astrophysical communities are largely distinct; each has their own methods, which means that there is often imperfect communication between the communities regarding caveats about claimed measurements and constraints. Here we present a brief summary from one astronomer’s perspective of relevant observations of neutron stars, with warnings as appropriate, followed by a set of questions that are intended to help enhance the dialog between nuclear physicists and astrophysicists.
Polarized Baryon Production in Heavy Ion Collisions: An Analytic Hydrodynamical Study
Authors: Boldizsár Bálint , Nagy Márton I. , Csanád Máté
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we utilize known exact analytic solutions of perfect fluid hydrodynamics to analytically calculate the polarization of baryons produced in heavy-ion collisions. Assuming local thermodynamical equilibrium also for spin degrees of freedom, baryons get a net polarization at their formation (freeze-out). This polarization depends on the time evolution of the Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), which can be described as an almost perfect fluid. By using exact analytic solutions, we can thus analyze the necessity of rotation (and vorticity) for non-zero net polarization. In this paper, we give the first analytical calculations for the polarization four-vector. We use two hydrodynamical solutions; one is the spherically symmetric Hubble flow (a somewhat oversimplified model, to demonstrate the methodology); and the other solution is a somewhat more involved one that corresponds to a rotating and accelerating expansion, and is thus well-suited for the investigation of some of the main features of the time evolution of the QGP created in peripheral heavy-ion collisions (although there are still numerous features of real collision geometry that are beyond the scope of this simple model). Finally, we illustrate and discuss our results on the polarization.
A Brief Review of Random Forests for Water Scientists and Practitioners and Their Recent History in Water Resources
Authors: Tyralis Hristos , Papacharalampous Georgia , Langousis Andreas
Published: May 2019

Random forests (RF) is a supervised machine learning algorithm, which has recently started to gain prominence in water resources applications. However, existing applications are generally restricted to the implementation of Breiman’s original algorithm for regression and classification problems, while numerous developments could be also useful in solving diverse practical problems in the water sector. Here we popularize RF and their variants for the practicing water scientist, and discuss related concepts and techniques, which have received less attention from the water science and hydrologic communities. In doing so, we review RF applications in water resources, highlight the potential of the original algorithm and its variants, and assess the degree of RF exploitation in a diverse range of applications. Relevant implementations of random forests, as well as related concepts and techniques in the R programming language, are also covered.
Testing the Prediction Ability of LEM-Derived Sedimentary Budget in an Upland Catchment of the Southern Apennines, Italy: A Source to Sink Approach
Authors: Gioia Dario , Lazzari Maurizio
Published: May 2019

Landscape evolution models (LEMs) represent one of the most promising approaches to evaluate sedimentary budget, although factors such as the high number of parameters or the difficulty evaluating the robustness of the results can represent a limitation in their application in natural landscapes. In this paper, the Caesar–Lisflood LEM has been applied in a small catchment (i.e., about 9 km2) of southern Italy draining an artificial reservoir in order to test its ability to predict sediment flux and erosion rate. Short-term (i.e., about 20 years) estimation of the sediment volumes accumulated in the reservoir has been reconstructed by a bathymetric survey and compared to the results coming from the coeval LEM simulations. Results indicate a good accordance between LEM-based erosion volume estimations and direct sedimentation assessment, thus testifying to the high potential of such models to solve issues of sedimentary budget and short-term landscape modification.
Effect of Pulsating Pressure on Water Distribution and Application Uniformity for Sprinkler Irrigation on Sloping Land
Authors: Zhang Lin , Fu Boyang , Ren Naiwang , Huang Yu
Published: May 2019

Crops are highly susceptible to drought in sloping land. Due to its good adaptability to complex terrain, sprinkler irrigation is one of the commonly used methods for sloping land. To improve water application uniformity for sprinkler irrigation on sloping land, an experiment was conducted on an artificial slope to determine the effects of pulsating versus constant pressure on sprinkler flow rate, radius of throw, water distribution pattern, and water application uniformity. Compared with sprinkler flow rate and water distribution uniformity at constant pressure, sprinkler flow rate was not reduced, but water distribution uniformity for a single sprinkler was improved due to the decreased uphill throw, downhill throw and the ratio of downhill throw to uphill throw at pulsating pressure. The Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CU) value of water distribution for a single sprinkler at pulsating pressure was about 10% higher than that of constant pressure. When water distribution of single sprinkler overlapped with rectangular arrangement, CU values for pulsating pressure were on average 4.06% higher than those for constant pressure with different sprinkler spacings. Thus, pulsating pressure is recommended for use in sprinkler irrigation on sloping land to improve water application uniformity.
On the Predictability of Daily Rainfall during Rainy Season over the Huaihe River Basin
Authors: Cao Qing , Hao Zhenchun , Yuan Feifei , Berndtsson Ronny , Xu Shijie , Gao Huibin , Hao Jie
Published: May 2019

In terms of climate change and precipitation, there is large interest in how large-scale climatic features affect regional rainfall amount and rainfall occurrence. Large-scale climate elements need to be downscaled to the regional level for hydrologic applications. Here, a new Nonhomogeneous Hidden Markov Model (NHMM) called the Bayesian-NHMM is presented for downscaling and predicting of multisite daily rainfall during rainy season over the Huaihe River Basin (HRB). The Bayesian-NHMM provides a Bayesian method for parameters estimation. The model avoids the risk to have no solutions for parameter estimation, which often occurs in the traditional NHMM that uses point estimates of parameters. The Bayesian-NHMM accurately captures seasonality and interannual variability of rainfall amount and wet days during the rainy season. The model establishes a link between large-scale meteorological characteristics and local precipitation patterns. It also provides a more stable and efficient method to estimate parameters in the model. These results suggest that prediction of daily precipitation could be improved by the suggested new Bayesian-NHMM method, which can be helpful for water resources management and research on climate change.
The Influence of Flow Regime on Ecological Quality, Bird Diversity, and Shellfish Fisheries in a Lowland Mediterranean River and Its Coastal Area
Authors: Belmar Oscar , Ibáñez Carles , Forner Ana , Caiola Nuno
Published: May 2019

Designing environmental flows in lowland river sections and estuaries is a challenge for researchers and managers, given their complexity and their importance, both for nature conservation and economy. The Ebro River and its delta belong to a Mediterranean area with marked anthropogenic pressures. This study presents an assessment of the relationships between mean flows (discharges) computed at different time scales and (i) ecological quality based on fish populations in the lower Ebro, (ii) bird populations, and (iii) two shellfish fishery species of socioeconomic importance (prawn, or Penaeus kerathurus, and mantis shrimp, or Squilla mantis). Daily discharge data from 2000 to 2015 were used for analyses. Mean annual discharge was able to explain the variation in fish-based ecological quality, and model performance increased when aquatic vegetation was incorporated. Our results indicate that a good ecological status cannot be reached only through changes on discharge, and that habitat characteristics, such as the coverage of macrophytes, must be taken into account. In addition, among the different bird groups identified in our study area, predators were related to river discharge. This was likely due to its influence on available resources. Finally, prawn and mantis shrimp productivity were influenced up to a certain degree by discharge and physicochemical variables, as inputs from rivers constitute major sources of nutrients in oligotrophic environments such as the Mediterranean Sea. Such outcomes allowed revisiting the environmental flow regimes designed for the study area, which provides information for water management in this or in other similar Mediterranean zones.
Integrated Real-Time Flood Forecasting and Inundation Analysis in Small–Medium Streams
Authors: Kim Byunghyun , Choi Seng Yong , Han Kun-Yeun
Published: May 2019

This study presents the application of an adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) and one dimensional (1-D) and two dimensional (2-D) hydrodynamic models to improve the problems of hydrological models currently used for flood forecasting in small–medium streams of South Korea. The optimal combination of input variables (e.g., rainfall and water level) in ANFIS was selected based on a statistical analysis of the observed and forecasted values. Two membership functions (MFs) and two ANFIS rules were determined by the subtractive clustering (SC) approach in the processes of training and checking. The developed ANFIS was applied to Jungrang Stream and water levels for six lead times (0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 hour) were forecasted. Based on point forecasted water levels by ANFIS, 1-D section flood forecast and 2-D spatial inundation analysis were carried out. This study demonstrated that the proposed methodology can forecast flooding based only on observed rainfall and water level without extensive physical and topographic data, and can be performed in real-time by integrating point- and section flood forecasting and spatial inundation analysis.
Intelligent Control/Operational Strategies in WWTPs through an Integrated Q-Learning Algorithm with ASM2d-Guided Reward
Authors: Pang Jiwei , Yang Shanshan , He Lei , Chen Yidi , Ren Nanqi
Published: May 2019

The operation of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) is a typical complex control problem, with nonlinear dynamics and coupling effects among the variables, which renders the implementation of real-time optimal control an enormous challenge. In this study, a Q-learning algorithm with activated sludge model No. 2d-guided (ASM2d-guided) reward setting (an integrated ASM2d-QL algorithm) is proposed, and the widely applied anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (AAO) system is chosen as the research paradigm. The integrated ASM2d-QL algorithms equipped with a self-learning mechanism are derived for optimizing the control strategies (hydraulic retention time (HRT) and internal recycling ratio (IRR)) of the AAO system. To optimize the control strategies of the AAO system under varying influent loads, Q matrixes were built for both HRTs and IRR optimization through the pair of  based on the integrated ASM2d-QL algorithm. 8 days of actual influent qualities of a certain municipal AAO wastewater treatment plant in June were arbitrarily chosen as the influent concentrations for model verification. Good agreement between the values of the model simulations and experimental results indicated that this proposed integrated ASM2d-QL algorithm performed properly and successfully realized intelligent modeling and stable optimal control strategies under fluctuating influent loads during wastewater treatment.
Nutrients Drive the Structures of Bacterial Communities in Sediments and Surface Waters in the River-Lake System of Poyang Lake
Authors: Ren Ze , Qu Xiaodong , Peng Wenqi , Yu Yang , Zhang Min
Published: May 2019

Lake and its inflow rivers compose a highly linked river-lake system, within which sediment and water are also closely connected. However, our understanding of this linked and interactive system remains unclear. In this study, we examined bacterial communities in the sediments and surface waters in Poyang Lake and its five tributaries. Bacterial communities were determined while using high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing. The results showed significant differences of bacterial communities between sediments and surface waters, as well as between Poyang lake and its tributaries, suggesting that the river-lake system of Poyang Lake provides diverse and distinct habitats for bacterial communities, including lake water, lake sediment, river water, and river sediment. These biomes harbor distinct bacterial assemblages. Sediments harbor more diverse bacterial taxa than surface waters, but the bacterial communities in surface waters were more different across this river-lake system than those in sediments. In this eutrophic river-lake ecosystem, nitrogen and phosphorus were important drivers in sediment bacterial communities. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and dissolved organic carbon, as well as their stoichiometric ratios affected bacterial communities in surface waters. Moreover, network analysis revealed that the bacterial communities in surface waters were more vulnerable to various disturbances than in sediments, due to lower alpha diversity, high complexity of network, and a small number of key taxa (module hubs and connectors). Nutrient variables had strong influences on individual operational taxonomic units (OTUs) in the network, especially in bacterial network in surface waters. Different groups of taxa responded differently to nutrients, with some modules being more susceptible to nutrient variations. This study increased our current knowledge of linked river-lake ecosystems and provided valuable understanding for effective management and protection of these ecosystems by revealing bacterial communities in sediments and surface waters in Poyang Lake and its tributaries, as well as their responses to nutrients variation.
Peculiarities of microcirculation in periodont tissues in children of key age groups sufficient type 1 diabetes. Part II
Authors: Davydov B. N. , Domenyuk D. A. , Dmitrienko S. V.
Published: May 2019

Relevance. Morpho-functional changes in peripheral circulation established in type 1 diabetes mellitus correlate with changes in central hemodynamics, allowing the use of microcirculation indicators as diagnostic and prognostic criteria for assessing the degree of functional vascular disorders. Identifcation of microcirculation features of the blood by the method of laser Doppler ﬂowmetry in children with diﬀerent experience of type 1 diabetes in key age categories.

Materials and methods. The study included 67 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus aged 12-15 years with an experience of the disease from six months to ten years. The comparison group consisted of 38 healthy children. The state of the microvasculature was assessed by laser Doppler ﬂowmetry using a laser analyzer for capillary blood ﬂow LAKK-OP.

Results. In children with an experience of type 1 diabetes of less than two years, microcirculation disorders in periodontal tissues correspond to the hyperemic form, accompanied by increased perfusion, a decrease in the amplitude of low-frequency oscillations, increased heart rate, high blood flling, and blood ﬂow bypass. For children with an endocrinopathy experience of more than three years, microcirculation disorders correspond to a stagnant form, combined with a decrease in perfusion due to stagnation of blood in the venular link, endothelial domination with suppression of neurogenic and cardiac ﬂuctuations, low efciency and redistribution of blood ﬂow in favor of the nutritive link.

Conclusions. With the increase in experience, the degree of compensation of type 1 diabetes, the progression of diabetic microangiopathy, it is advisable to designate two stages of development of microcirculatory disorders. Early – compensatory with active adaptation, including neurogenic and endothelial regulation mechanisms. Late – decompensation with passive adaptation, supporting the eﬀectiveness of microcirculation due to myogenic control of regulation, shunting and increasing the rate of blood outﬂow.
The interaction of the dentist with an endocrinologist – a team approach in the treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (literature review)
Authors: Petrova T. G. , Borodina N. B. , Rymar S. D. , Rymar O. D.
Published: May 2019

Relevance.Numerous epidemiological studies have found a high degree of association between DM and periodontal disease, and periodontal disease has even been proposed as a sixth complication of DM. It has also been demonstrated that this relationship is bidirectional, with periodontitis exerting an eﬀect on DM. These fndings have diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Thus, the high prevalence of periodontal disease in DM indicates the need to evaluate glucose levels in periodontal patients. Conversely, intervention studies have demonstrated that the treatment of periodontal disease improves the glycemic control of DM patients. To alert health professionals about the risk that periodontitis represents for the onset or exacerbation of complications in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) and to emphasize that the mechanical treatment of periodontal disease and reestablishment of oral health are essential for the metabolic control of these patients.

Materials and methods.A review of the literature on the topic of 30 sources from them 5 domestic and 25 foreign data.Some researchers demonstrate the Periodontal screening must be part of the overall clinical examination of patients with diabetes and, if diagnosed, periodontal disease must be treated appropriately to avoid or exacerbate diabetes complications besides improving glycemic control in these individuals.

Results:In the postoperative period during the frst three days, patients of both groups had moderate soft tissue edema, slight ﬂap hyperemia and palpation pain.

Conclusions.Increased knowledge of dentists, endocrinologists and the public is required to improve early diagnosis of diabetes, adequate management, prevention and treatment of dental diseases in patients with DM.
Immediate implantation in a patient with chronic generalized parodontitis and apical granuloma
Authors: Musienko A. I. , Nesterova K. I.
Published: May 2019

Relevance. Rehabilitation of patients with moderate to severe generalized periodontitis is a leading problem in periodontology. It was the determination of the prospects for immediate implantation in patients with chronic periodontitis, combined with the pathology of the tooth root and maxillary sinus.

Materials and methods. A group of 94 people with periodontitis and chronic odontogenic rhinosinus was observed who underwent sinus surgical treatment, tooth extraction and one-stage implantation with FRP growth factor according to the author's technology.

Results. The method showed high efciency on the basis of assessing the clinical, aesthetic result and restoration of bone density after surgery.

Conclusions. The developed technology is a promising direction, it allows to combine a high level of sanation of alveolar tissue with the advantages of immediate implantation, prevents bone atrophy, helps reduce the duration of treatment and the number of surgical and orthopedic interventions.
Comparative characteristics of masticatory muscle tone in patients with compensated and decompensated increased teeth abrasion
Authors: Subbotin R. S. , Fishchev S. B. , Lepilin A. V. , Kondratyuk A. A. , Puzdyreva M. N.
Published: May 2019

Relevance. Increased dental abrasion frequent nosological form of dentistry. In young people, PSZ is less common (6.3%) than in middle-aged people (32.7%), as well as people of older age groups (11.8-20.6%). Among foreign researchers, "rejuvenation" of increased teeth abrasion is noted in many countries, including developed ones. In the UK, in dental clinics, this pathology is 30% among people under 30 years and 42.6% among people 30-50 years, in Sweden – 29.9%, in the United States of America – 25%. To study the tone of the masticatory muscles in patients with various forms of increased teeth abrasion.

Material and methods. A myotonometric examination and orthopedic treatment of 185 patients of the second period of adulthood (35-60 years) with increased abrasion of teeth in the clinic of dentistry of St. Petersburg state pediatric medical University.

Results. The paper presents qualitative indicators of myotonometry of masticatory muscles in patients with compensated and decompensated increased abrasion of teeth, which are compared with the norm.

Conclusion. A characteristic feature of patients with a compensated form of increased teeth abrasion is the absence or slight decrease in the height of the gnatic part of the face and increased functional tone of the masticatory muscles. For decompensated increased teeth abrasion is characterized by a combination of abrasion with a decrease in the height of the lower face and reduced functional tone of the masticatory muscles.
Clinical and radiographic classification of implant supported prosthesis for edentulous patients
Authors: Rozov R. A. , Trezubov V. N. , Liddelow Glen
Published: May 2019

Relevance. In domestic and foreign professional literature there is a lack of aggregated consolidated data about immediate long span implant supported prosthesis which could be fundamental in making decision making process during the treatment planning stage, as well as at the estimation of quality of implant supported prosthetics. The aim of this study – the creation of a conceptual model of the standard implant prosthetics for edentulous patients.

Materials and methods. A comprehensive examination and implantation prosthetics 382 patients aged 38 to 84 years (211 women, 171 men) with 582 implant supported prosthesis of various types, supporting on implants "Nobel Replace Select / Groove», «Nobel Parallel CC», «Nobel Speedy Groove», «Nobel Trefoil CC» (3775 implants). We have created a new clinical and radiographic classifcation of implant-supported prosthesis for edentulous patients.

Result. As a result of the classifcation in the I (1-2 implants) class rallied 6.2% of implant supported prosthesis, to II class (3-4 implant, «TREFOIL» included) was assigned 19.2% of prostheses, to III class (5-6 implants) – 30.2% of replacement structures IV- to (7-10 implants) – 44%, and V – 0,3%. Meanwhile II, III, IV classes and I statistically revealed age diﬀerences.

Conclusions: We have sorted out fve main classes, 8 subclasses and 18 groups with 34 subgroups of implant supported prosthesis based on the number of abutments, type of prosthesis, retention method and the presence of unilateral or bilateral cantilever.
Surveying adherence of dental clinic patients to preventive measures in oral cavity
Authors: Kudryavtseva T. V. , Tachalov V. V. , Loboda E. S. , Orekhova L. Yu. , Nechai E. Yu. , Shalamay L. I.
Published: May 2019

Relevance.Periodontal diseases are a medical and social problem due to the wide spread among the population of developed countries and the impact on the quality of life. Among the many factors that are important in the development of inﬂammatory periodontal diseases, an important role is played by adherence to the recommendations of the dentist in respecting oral hygiene. Aim of the work was to study the adherence of patients of the dental clinic to compliance with preventive measures in the oral cavity.

Materials and methods.A total of 98 patients of dental clinic, 62 female (medial age 38,6 ± 14,0 years) and 36 male (medial age 37,2±13,1 years) participated in survey. The study participants flled in the profle and answered questions about age, gender, harmful working conditions and bad habits, frequency of visits to the dental clinic, attitudes to the prevention of dental diseases, knowledge about the means and methods of oral hygiene.

Results.As a result of the study, it was found that in the vast majority of cases, respondents are employed in production that does not adversely aﬀect their health (91%), only 8% of patients indicated harmful working conditions.

Conclusions.The study revealed that, despite the recommendations of the dentist, patients are not always committed to the implementation of preventive measures in the oral cavity. Dentists need to motivate patients to use not only the usual methods and means of hygiene, but also additional ones necessary for maintaining dental health.
Preventive hygiene measures after reparative osteogenesis in patients with chronic generalized periodontitis
Authors: Musienko A. I. , Nesterova К. I. , Musienko A. A.
Published: May 2019

Abstract Relevance. Improving the efciency of dental orthopedic care for patients with generalized periodontal disease is an actual modern problem.

Materials and methods. A comparative evaluation of the eﬀectiveness of various types of toothpaste in the postoperative period of dental implantation due to partial absence of teeth, periodontitis of moderate severity during gum recession was carried out. In group I (group I, n = 32), patients used a paste containing sodium bicarbonate, in group II (n = 25) – without sodium bicarbonate. Postoperative complaints and symptoms of reactive inﬂammation were monitored for 10 days; before the operation, after 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after it – hygiene indices Silness J., Loe H., Muhllemen; PMA index.

Results. In general, the duration of postoperative reactive inﬂammation in the groups did not have signifcant diﬀerences, but in terms of the relief of edema, bleeding and the severity of breath from the mouth, the best results were in the patients of the group. The hygiene indices before the operation and immediately after it were comparable, but a month after the surgical intervention in patients of group I, all the hygiene indices were better, over time these diﬀerences increased and had a reliable character. The Muhlemann index was more dependent on the use of single-stage implantation technology using growth factor, while the PMA index, on the contrary, reﬂected the eﬀectiveness of not only surgical technology, but also the quality of postoperative hygienic and therapeutic measures.

Conclusions. Studies have shown that the systematic use in the postoperative period of toothpaste containing sodium bicarbonate allows you to stop edema, bleeding and the severity of breath from the mouth, improves the performance of basic hygiene indices than other types of toothpastes.
Estudo hidroquímico-ambiental do aquífero aluvionar do baixo Jaguaribe, Itaiçaba – Ceará
Authors: Nobre Maria Elisângela da Silva , Gomes Diolande Ferreira , Vasconcelos Sônia Maria Silva , Frischkorn Horst , De Lima Neto Inácio Ocinai , Ferreira Sara Karoline , Souza Daniel de Ponti
Published: May 2019

No interior do estado do Ceará, as águas subterrâneas são consideradas fontes importantes de abastecimento hídrico, principalmente, as provindas de aluviões. O município de Itaiçaba (CE), inserido na Bacia Hidrográfica do Baixo Jaguaribe, embora provido de água tratada, também utiliza água subterrânea para seu abastecimento. A região do baixo Jaguaribe apresenta extensas áreas agrícolas e de carcinicultura, que somadas à ausência de saneamento de esgoto municipal, podem acarretar problemas de contaminação de águas e salinização. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi avaliar a qualidade das águas superficiais e subterrâneas a partir dos parâmetros físico-químicos e fornecer dados preliminares sobre a concentração de metais pesados nas águas. Para o entendimento do processo de recarga foram efetuadas medidas do isótopo δ18O e realizado o balanço hídrico. Adotou-se valores de referência para avaliar o nível de contaminação das águas estabelecidos pela legislação brasileira. Todas as amostras analisadas apresentaram algum parâmetro de qualidade de água com valor acima do permitido para águas potáveis, com destaque para a turbidez, nitrato, ferro e sólidos totais dissolvidos. Os metais Al, Ba, Mn e Ni foram detectados em todas as amostras, porém em concentrações geralmente abaixo do limite estabelecido para águas potáveis. Os valores positivos de δ18O indicaram a infiltração de água evaporada em poços na área de carcinicultura, o que pode, pontualmente, contribuir com o aporte de sais e contaminantes, juntamente com o precário sistema de saneamento. Os resultados isotópicos demonstram a entrada no aquífero aluvionar das águas da chuva e superficiais provenientes da lixiviação do solo salinizado, aumentando a condutividade elétrica. Não foi identificada a relação da salinidade com intrusão marinha na área estudada.
Highly Efficient and Stable Hydrogen Production in All pH Range by Two-Dimensional Structured Metal-Doped Tungsten Semicarbides
Authors: Ang Edison H. , Dinh Khang N. , Sun Xiaoli , Huang Ying , Yang Jun , Dong Zhili , Dong Xiaochen , Huang Wei , Wang Zhiguo , Zhang Hua , Yan Qingyu
Published: May 2019

Transition-metal-doped tungsten semicarbide nanosheets (M-doped W
2
C NSs, M=Fe, Co, and Ni) have been synthesized through carburization of the mixture of tungsten trioxide, polyvinylpyrrolidone, and metal dopant. The nanosheets grow directly on the W mesh and have the lateral dimension of several hundreds of nm to a few
μ
m with a thickness of few tens nm. It is demonstrated that the M-doped W
2
C NSs exhibit superior electrocatalytic activity for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER). Impressively, the Ni-doped W
2
C NSs (2
at

%

Ni) with the optimized HER activity show extremely low onset overpotentials of 4, 9, and 19 mV and modest Tafel slopes of 39, 51, and 87 mV dec
−1
in acidic (pH=0), neutral (pH=7.2), and basic (pH=14) solutions, respectively, which is close to the commercial Pt/C catalyst. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations also demonstrate that the Gibbs free energy for H adsorption of Ni-W
2
C is much closer to the optimal value

∆

G

H
⁎

= -0.073 eV as compared to -0.16 eV of W
2
C. Furthermore, nearly 100% Faradaic efficiency and long-term stability are obtained in those environments. This realization of highly tolerant metal semicarbide catalyst performing on par with commercial Pt/C in all range of pH offers a key step towards industrially electrochemical water splitting.
Yumuşak ve Sert Su Koşullarinda Karadeniz alabaliği (Salmo coruhensis) Dokularinda Civa (Hg) Birikiminin Belirlenmesi
Authors: Verep Bülent , Mutlu Tanju , Yüksek Turan , Gürdal Aydın Aytaç
Published: May 2019

Bu çalışmada
yumuşak ve sert su koşullarında 30 gün boyunca Civa-II-klorüre maruz bırakılan
Karadeniz alabalığı (Salmo coruhensis)'nın
çeşitli dokularında ağır metal olarak civa birikimi araştırılmıştır. Ağır metal
içeren sucul ortamın oluşturulduğu akvaryumlarda Civa-II-klorür
konsantrasyonları 0.05 ve 0.5 mg/L olarak alabalıklar için akut
konsantrasyonların altında (96h-LC50:0.81 mg/L) olacak şekilde
ayarlandı. 30 gün boyunca yumuşak ve sert su koşullarında her iki
konsantrasyondaki Civa-II-klorür konsantrasyonlarına maruz bırakılan balık
bireylerinin solungaç, kas, karaciğer ve içorganlarını içeren çeşitli doku
örnekleri alındı. Bu doku örneklerinde biriken metal seviyeleri ICP-OES
sistemiyle hidrür metodu kullanılarak analiz edildi.

                Analiz sonuçları incelendiğinde,
düşük konsantrasyonda Civa-II-klorüre (0.05 mg/L) maruz bırakılan balık
bireylerinin dokularında yumuşak su ortamında ortalama 0.105 mg/kg civa
birikimi söz konusu iken sert su koşullarında 0.062 mg/kg civarında olacak
şekilde çok daha az miktarda olduğu görülmüştür. Diğer yandan yüksek
konsantrasyonda (0.5 mg/L) ise balık doku örneklerinde civa birikiminin düşük
konsantrasyona göre yüksek düzeyde yumuşak su koşullarında 0.628 mg/kg iken
sert su koşullarında 0.193 mg/kg düzeyinde birikim olduğu görülmektedir.
Dolayısıyla Doğu karadeniz tatlısu kaynakları ve belirli dönemlerde deniz
kıyılarında yaşayan, bölge açısından endemik bir tür olarak bilinen Karadeniz
alabalığının civa kirliliği durumunda dokularında ağır metal birikiminin
yumuşak su koşullarında sert sulara nazaran çok daha fazla birikim olacağı
belirlenmiştir. Doğu Karadeniz tatlısu kaynaklarının çok yumuşak su
karekterinde olması bu açıdan oldukça önemlidir. Diğer yandan doku örneklerinde
oluşan metal birikimi incelendiğinde karaciğer>içorganlar>solungaç>kas
şeklinde sıralanmış olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, yüksek konsantrasyonda
(0.5 mg/L) Civa-II-klorüre maruz bırakılan bireylerdeki ağır metal birikiminin
yumuşak su koşullarında Türk Gıda Kodeksi ve Su Ürünleri Kanuna göre belirlenen
sınır değeri (0.5 mg/kg) aştığı halde sert su koşullarında altında kaldığı
görülmüştür.
Technical Specifications of Fishing Fleet in Giresun Province
Authors: Mutlu Cengiz , Uncumusaoğlu Cengaver Murad , Verep Bülent
Published: May 2019

In this study, the provinces along the eastern Black Sea coast were selected to determine the technical characteristics of fishing vessels operating in Giresun. According to this election, Piraziz, Bulancak, Central first group, Gülburnu and Tirebolu second group, Relative, Çavuşlu, Eynesil district third group. Questionnaires were made by stratified random sampling method, and technical specifications of fishing boats, auxiliary boat characteristics, network equipment properties, hunting equipment characteristics and present problems were suggested and solution proposal was put forward.
Bilateral Exophthalmos: The Most Important Sign of Lactococcosis in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)
Authors: TÜRE Mustafa , ÇİMAGİL Recayi
Published: May 2019

In this study, we aimed to investigate
rapidly isolation and identification of Lactococcus
garvieae from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), reared Black Sea
Region, Turkey. The fish with bilateral exophthalmos were
collected from a commercial trout farm. The bacteria were identified as L. garvieae based on some biochemical
tests and Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
assay. Following identification, the
antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria was also determined for five different
antibiotics by the disk diffusion method. All isolates were sensitive to
florfenicol and amoxicillin-clavulanate and resistant to trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole
and enrofloxacin. Overall this study revealed that the bilateral
exophthalmos may be considered as a pathognomonic symptom for lactococcosis in rainbow trout.
A Review on Studies of Heavy Metal Determination in Mackerel and Tuna (Family-Scombridae) Fishes
Authors: AHMED Quratulan , BAT Levent , ÖZTEKİN Ayşah , MOHAMMAD ALI Qadeer
Published: May 2019

In this review, the chemicals, some of the most
important of which are heavy metals and their accumulation level in Mackerels,
Tunas, and Bonitos in mainly the Arabian Sea and coastland in other seas were
reviewed and compared.