bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Performance Comparison of Spectral Distance Calculation Methods
Authors: Oyama Taiji , Suzuki Satoko , Horiguchi Yasuo , Yamane Ai , Akao Kenichi , Nagamori Koushi , Tsumoto Kouhei
Published: October 2022

Circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy is a widely used technique for assessing the higher-order structure (HOS) of biopharmaceuticals, including antibody drugs. Since the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use established quality control guidelines, objective evaluation of spectral similarity has been required in order to assess structural comparability. Several spectral distance quantification methods and weighting functions to increase sensitivity have been proposed, but not many reports have compared their performance for CD spectra. We constructed comparison sets that combine actual spectra and simulated noise and performed a comprehensive performance evaluation of each spectral distance calculation method and weighting function under conditions that consider spectral noise and fluctuations from pipetting errors. The results showed that using the Euclidean distance or Manhattan distance with Savitzky–Golay noise reduction is effective for spectral distance assessment. For the weighting function, it is preferable to combine the spectral intensity weighting function and the noise weighting function. In addition, the introduction of the external stimulus weighting function should be considered to improve the sensitivity. It is crucial to select the weighting function based on the balance between spectral changes and noise distributions for robust, sensitive antibody HOS similarity assessment.
Multi-Reflectance-Spectroscopy, Part I: Theory and Calculations Using Simulated Milk Samples
Authors: Mittenzwey Henry , Mittenzwey Klaus-Henrik , Sinn Gert , Boldt Sebastian , Lerche Dietmar
Published: October 2022

Optical methods are appropriate for monitoring of constituents in suspensions and emulsions. A simple multi-wavelength, multi-reflectance spectroscopic technique, called MRS-Technology, is introduced. Two different signals of a sample are measured: the reflectance from a small and from a large measuring volume corresponding to the reduced scattering coefficient [Formula: see text] and to the sum of [Formula: see text] and the absorption coefficient μABS, respectively. Analytical relations between the MRS reflectance and μABS as well as [Formula: see text] are derived. The investigations on MRS method are carried out using milk as an example. For this purpose “virtual” milk samples are defined. μABS and [Formula: see text] are calculated by means of the Mie scattering theory in the ultraviolet–visible–shortwave near-infrared (UV-Vis-SWNIR) spectral range. Using this data analytical reflectances can be calculated based on MRS theory as well as numerical reflectances obtained by Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Analytical and numerical results are compared and investigated. The spectral behavior of the analytical reflectances is very similar to that of the numerical MC reflectances in the case of medium and low absorptions. By means of simple multilinear regression techniques (MLR), simple correlations between fat and protein volume fractions and reflectances could be generated with acceptable root mean square error (RMSE) values. Each correlation shows that best results will be achieved by using reflectances at sample-specific wavelengths for small and large measuring volumes of a sample indicating the potential of the MRS-Technology.
Fluorometer Control and Readout Using an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense Board
Authors: Kitzhaber Zechariah B. , English Caitlyn M. , Sanim Kazi Ragib I. , Kalaitzakis Michail , Kosaraju Bhanuprakash , Hodgson Michael E. , Vitzilaios Nikolaos , Richardson Tammi L. , Myrick Michael L.
Published: October 2022

We describe the control and interfacing of a fluorometer designed for aerial drone-based measurements of chlorophyll- a using an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense board. This 64 MHz controller board provided suitable resolution and speed for analog-to-digital (ADC) conversion, processed data, handled communications via the Robot Operating System (ROS) and included a variety of built-in sensors that were used to monitor the fluorometer for vibration, acoustic noise, water leaks and overheating. The fluorometer was integrated into a small Uncrewed Aircraft System (sUAS) for automated water sampling through a Raspberry Pi master computer using the ROS. The average power consumption was 1.1 W. A signal standard deviation of 334 µV was achieved for the fluorescence blank measurement, mainly determined by the input noise equivalent power of the transimpedance amplifier. An ADC precision of 130 µV for 10 Hz chopped measurements was achieved for signals in the input range 0-600 mV.
Gender, Homeland, and Homecoming in Sarrocchi's Scanderbeide
Authors: Cantor Sarah S.V.
Published: October 2022

This article considers the gendering of Scanderbeg, the protagonist of Margherita Sarrocchi's 1623 historical epic, the Scanderbeide, arguing that his tendency to femininity is part of an overall project to rework traditional gender roles in the poem. Scanderbeg's femininity is most visible through his conversion to Christianity, which echoes that of Tasso's Clorinda and precipitates the war that will position him as defender of the city of Croia. While his conversion at the point of death associates him with a class of female characters in early modern epic, it also serves as a form of homecoming and links him to an ancient male predecessor, Odysseus. This figurative homecoming ultimately diminishes the importance of a geographical homeland in the poem, transforming the epic concept of patria into a symbolic motherland comprised of Scanderbeg's Christian community.
Basic Resuscitation Training for Third-Cycle Primary School Students: A Qualitative Research of Training Providers’ Experiences
Authors: Pivač Sanela , Gradišek Primož , Skela-Savič Brigita
Published: October 2022

The purpose of our research was to identify the experiences, obstacles, and self-reflective opinions regarding the qualifications of the training providers of cardiopulmonary resuscitation to third-cycle primary school students. The effectiveness and success of a training program in basic resuscitation procedures depend on the qualifications and knowledge of the training provider and the type of didactic materials used. The qualitative method was used with 3 non-homogenous focus groups. Training providers (n = 8) from primary health care participated. The selected text was analyzed using a thematic analysis. The focus groups were organized after the training conducted on basic resuscitation procedures to third-cycle primary school students in September and October 2018. Prior to conducting the research we gained approval by the Medical Ethics Committee. Twenty-five codes, 11 categories and 3 themes were designed: Obstacles that are present in conducting training on cardiopulmonary resuscitation, the effects of training on primary school students and the development of components of prosocial behavior, and systemic responsibility for the qualifications and knowledge of training providers. The research has found that training providers must have the skills and knowledge to motivate the participants of training sessions and encourage them to gain knowledge and skills on resuscitation. They should be familiar with various methods and forms of learning and use relevant teaching materials, so that they can conduct training sessions effectively. Activities are needed to implement minimal criteria for conducting training on resuscitation such as appropriately qualified providers that should follow the European Resuscitation Guidelines, an appropriate pedagogical approach employed by the providers, appropriate equipment and tools, content adjusted to the age of the primary school students, conducting training in small groups, revision of knowledge for training providers and primary school students.
Data Quality and Recall Bias in Time-Diary Research: The Effects of Prolonged Recall Periods in Self-Administered Online Time-Use Surveys
Authors: te Braak Petrus , van Tienoven Theun Pieter , Minnen Joeri , Glorieux Ignace
Published: October 2022

Previous research has shown that a prolonged recall period is associated with lower data quality in time-diary research. In these studies, the recall period is roughly estimated on the basis of the period between the assigned diary day and the agreed collection day. Because this is so rudimentary, little is known about the duration of the mean recall period and its consequences for data quality. Recent advances in online methodology now allow a better investigation of the recall period using time stamps. Using a refined indicator, the authors examine the duration of the recall period, to what extent this duration is related to socioeconomic characteristics, and how a prolonged recall period affects data quality. The authors demonstrate that using online time-diary data collected from 8,535 teachers in Belgium, the mean recall period is less than 24 hr for most respondents, although respondents with many time constraints have extended recall periods. Additionally, a prolonged recall period indeed has negative consequences for data quality. Quality deterioration already arises several hours after an activity has been completed, much sooner than previous research has indicated.
Fault-tolerant complete synchronization of integer and fractional derivative 6D hyper-chaotic systems with unknown time delay
Authors: Sabaghian Alireza , Balochian Saeed
Published: October 2022

In this study, synchronization of two 6D hyper-chaotic systems in the presence of bounded disturbance and uncertainty with unknown bounds and time delay for integer-order and fractional-order systems is investigated. In the first step of the selected control approach, a proper sliding surface is defined for synchronization of two hyper-chaotic systems, a proper active control is considered, and proper adaptive laws are used to estimate the uncertainty bounds, the unknown disturbance, and unknown time delay of the master and slave systems. The stability of the closed-loop control system is proved using the Lyapunov theorem. Simulation results using MATLAB verify desired performance of the proposed controllers in the presence of unknown disturbance, uncertainty, and time delay.
Acute effects of coffee consumption on the microcirculation of macula and optic nerve head
Authors: Shoeibi Nasser , Rajaei Parisa , Ghobadi Mohadese , Hosseini Seyedeh Maryam , Abrishami Mojtaba , Ansari-Astaneh Mohammad-Reza , Omidtabrizi Arash , Kadkhoda Maryam , Shariati Mehrdad Motamed
Published: October 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the acute changes in retinal vasculature following coffee consumption. Methods: This is an interventional case series. The subjects were 22 healthy young adults. They were asked to rest in a silent room for 15 min; then, their heart rate, blood pressure, and arterial oxygen saturation pressure were measured with a single patient monitoring system. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) and OCT angiography (OCT-A) imaging of the disc and macula were performed for both eyes of the subjects. These measurements were repeated 45 min after drinking a cup of 450 ml of coffee containing a standard dose of 130 mg of caffeine. Macular and optic nerve head neurovasculature changes were assessed. Results: The results of our study did not show a significant change in peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer thickness and neural structural and vascular parameters of the optic nerve head. Although assessments of macular vasculature showed a significant decrement in superficial ( p = 0.01) and deep vessel density ( p = 0.05) at parafovea, vessel densities (VDs) at the fovea, and deep capillary plexus at perifovea showed no significant change. Conclusion: Consuming one cup of coffee (150 mg caffeine) statistically changes central foveal thickness and parafoveal blood flow but likely does not have a clinical impact in healthy young adults.
Testing the Competing Systems Hypothesis: Further evidence from aspect in tutored L1-English–L2-Spanish
Authors: Judy Tiffany , Puig-Mayenco Eloi , Chaouch-Orozco Adel , Martín-Villena Fernando , Miller David
Published: October 2022

This study tests the Competing Systems Hypothesis (CSH) as applied to adult second language acquisition of aspect in Spanish. The CSH purports that differences among tutored and untutored learners result from competition between one system of underlying grammatical knowledge and another of learned metalinguistic knowledge in tutored learners (TLs). Twenty-nine first language (L1) English and second language (L2) Spanish (L1-English–L2-Spanish) TLs and 29 native Spanish speakers completed three tasks examining knowledge of Spanish aspect. A Cloze Task targeted typical use of preterit and imperfect morphology, while a Semantic Entailments Task assessed acquired knowledge of entailments falling out from convergence on the aspectual system. Finally, a Binary-Choice Task targeted three pedagogical simplifications common to L1-English–L2-Spanish textbooks: adverbials that ‘go with’ the preterit or imperfect, ‘meaning-changing’ verbs in preterit, and the lower frequency of stative verbs in preterit. Results align with the CSH in that TLs performed above 80% accuracy on preterit and imperfect items in the Cloze Task, indicating acquisition of Spanish aspectual morphology. The Semantic Entailments Task further shows TLs converge on underlying knowledge of grammatical aspect by making a significant distinction between logical and illogical entailments. Finally, competition between the underlying grammatical system and learned metalinguistic knowledge is evidenced in the Binary-Choice Task where TLs are less accurate with preterit; specifically, TLs demonstrate effects from pedagogical simplifications regarding adverbials and ‘meaning-changing’ verbs.
Estimation of colon cancer grade and metastatic lymph node involvement using DWI/ADC sequences
Authors: Marija Cavar , Kresimir Dolic , Ognjen Barcot , Iva Peric , Nenad Kunac , Matija Boric
Published: October 2022

Background

The potential benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) in colon cancer is under evaluation. There is a need to improve preoperative non-invasive diagnostics using techniques that provide more accurate staging information in assessing patient eligibility for NAC.

Purpose

To investigate the link between the tumor grade (pathohistological confirmed) and the N status (corresponding to lymph node involvement) with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values.

Material and Methods

A total of 17 patients planned for surgical resection had a biopsy confirming colon carcinoma and participated in the study. Abdominal magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging/ADC sequence was recorded before surgery. The tumor and all visible lymph nodes were manually delineated directly on a grayscale ADC map for every single slice and detected to access the total tumor and summarized lymph node volume. The mean ADC value was further calculated for the mean tumor and mean lymph node values.

Results

Low-grade tumors had a mean ADC equivalent to 1225 ± 170×10−6 mm2/s, and the coefficient of high-grade tumors was 1444 ± 69×10−6 mm2/s. The group of patients with positive lymph nodes in operative tissue samples (N+) exhibited lower mean ADC values (1023 ± 142×10−6 mm2/s) as opposed to the group without metastatic lymph nodes (N–) with ADC values of 1260 ± 231×10−6 mm2/s.

Conclusion

The mean whole-tumor ADC is associated with the histological tumor grade, and the mean ADC value of whole-volume abdominal lymph nodes could assume real nodal infiltration.
A politically less contested and financially more calculable urban future: Density techniques and heightened land commodification in Taiwan
Authors: Shih Mi , Chiang Ying-Hui
Published: October 2022

This article examines and makes explicit the co-constitutive relationship between density techniques, their depoliticization effects, and heightened land commodification in Taiwan's acceleration to a real estate–oriented economy. TDR (transfer of development rights) and density bonusing are two almost omnipresent practices in urban land development in Taiwan. We ask how their technocratic approach—using predetermined formulas to bracket density use while almost entirely foreclosing community negotiation—has played a formative role in accelerating land commodification. Using mixed research methods, the case study of Central North in New Taipei City helps lay bare how formulaic density rules enable planners to embed their epistemic assumptions about what constitutes a good city within intensified property development. Mimicking the calculative practices performed by the real estate sector, we use residual valuation methods to estimate the maximum price-lifting effects of 18 real estate development projects. We show that formulaic rules allow density to enter cost–benefit analysis spreadsheets as a profit booster in advance of actual granting of extra density, emboldening aggressive land brokering, buying, and selling, which churn up land prices. We argue that the technical depoliticization generated by TDR and density bonusing has become the most effective catalyst in creating a politically less contested and financially more calculable urban world in which capital's acquisitive appetite for land's monetary value is intensified. We conclude by discussing the implications for how to move density from a domain of technical rules and real estate finance to a politics of land.
Factors influencing eco-efficiency of municipal solid waste management in Chile: A double-bootstrap approach
Authors: Molinos-Senante Maria , Maziotis Alexandros , Sala-Garrido Ramón , Mocholí-Arce Manuel
Published: October 2022

Improving eco-efficiency in the provision of municipal solid waste plays an important role for a sustainable economy. Eco-efficiency of municipal solid waste service providers (MSWSPs) has been generally assessed using the conventional data envelopment analysis (DEA) method. However, this approach is sensitive to data noise and has no statistical properties. To overcome these limitations, in this paper, we adopt the double-bootstrap DEA model to derive robust eco-efficiency scores. This nonparametric method allows conducting statistical inference to explore environmental factors affecting the eco-efficiency of MSWSPs. The empirical approach focused on a sample of 298 MSWSPs in Chile, a middle-income country whose policies for promoting waste recycling are incipient. The results indicated that based on the bias-corrected eco-efficiency scores, the potential saving in costs and unsorted waste could be up to 37.8% on average to generate the same level of output (recycled waste). The findings showed that dealing with data noise and uncertainly is of great importance when conducting benchmarking analysis. The region where the municipality is located, tourism, population density and waste per capita are environmental variables that significantly influenced eco-efficiency of Chilean MSWSPs. Several policy implications are discussed based on the findings of this study.
Impact of different structures of biochar on decreasing methane emissions from sewage sludge composting
Authors: Zhou Qian , Liu Guoying , Hu Zhanbo , Zheng Yukai , Lin Zeshuai , Li Peiyi
Published: October 2022

Methane (CH4) emissions from sewage sludge composting can be reduced by using biochar more effectively. This study investigates the impact of different structure of biochar on CH4 emissions during sewage sludge composting. Corncob biochar (CB, pore size = 35.3990 nm), rice husk biochar (RB, pore size = 3.4242 nm) and wood biochar (WB, pore size = 1.6691 nm) were applied to the composting. The results showed that biochar decreased CH4 emissions, mainly through the indirect effect of improving the pile environment. Compared with the control group (CK), the biochars with smaller pore structures, WB and RB, reduced CH4 emissions by 41.83% and 33.59%, respectively, compared to only 8.20% for CB, which has a larger pore structure. In addition, RB and WB increased the free air space (FAS) by more than 10% and CB improved the microbial diversity. Methanothermobacter was reported in WB and RB, with an abundance of 45.45% in WB. Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that pore size was positively correlated with the CH4 emission rate. The results of this study can provide a theoretical reference for CH4 reduction from biochar co-composting of sewage sludge.
“Us too”: Processes of Resistance and (Re)Negotiation Among Women with Functional Diversity
Authors: Lucena Fernández Gloria
Published: October 2022

Taking a feminist and intersectional approach, this article conducts a socio-political analysis of the traditional paradigms of disability through an ethnographic study of the life histories of women with functional diversity (FD). In Spain, the term “people with functional diversity” has emerged as a preferred denomination for many, if not all, people and entities working in this field because it emphasizes the contribution of people with FD to society. Based on interviews with six study participants, the analysis examines these women's discourses and the different ways that they deconstruct traditional models of disability and ableism and the patriarchal and capitalist social categories that constrain them in positions of inequality and oppression. In particular, the analysis centers on the different ways of “being” a woman with FD and the transformative capacity of agency in overturning traditional representations in favor of plurality and inclusiveness. By challenging marginalized social categories, the women claim ownership of their bodies and sexuality and also open routes to social resources. Nevertheless, the research also shows that these resistances often took place at an individual rather than a collective level. Hence, while emphasizing the agentive capacity of the participants, the study shows how each of their biographies is framed within a socio-political context. This research makes an important contribution to the theory and practice of social work as it questions the traditional categories of FD and brings us closer to the lived experiences and practices of the study participants.
Patterns of Violence Victimization and Disclosure Among Transgender/Gender Nonconforming and Cisgender Latinx College Students
Authors: O’Connor Julia , Ganson Kyle T. , Ladonice Shelleta , Cardenas Iris
Published: October 2022

Although research on sexual violence experiences of minoritized college students has increased in recent years, little is known about the experiences of Latinx students. Even less knowledge is available on whether such violence and disclosure experiences vary by gender identity. The present study addressed this gap by exploring the rates of sexual violence and disclosure patterns after experiences of sexual violence among Latinx college students. Using data from the 2019–2020 Healthy Minds Study, a national sample of Latinx college students was analyzed ( n = 6,690). Descriptive statistics, χ2 tests, and one-way analyses of variance were conducted to explore differences in gender identity, sexual violence victimization, and disclosure type. Multiple logistic regression analyses were used to estimate the association between (1) gender identity and sexual violence victimization and (2) gender identity and sexual violence disclosure while controlling for various sociodemographic measures. Results indicated sexual violence victimization occurred at significantly higher rates among transgender/gender nonconforming and cisgender women Latinx students, compared to cisgender men. Transgender/gender nonconforming students who experienced sexual violence were significantly less likely to make any disclosure of sexual violence when compared to cisgender men. These findings highlight the extent to which experiences of sexual violence among Latinx students differ based on their gender identity. It also brings attention to the need for campus programming to attend to students who often face structural barriers because of their intersecting identities, specifically transgender/gender nonconforming Latinx students.
Fiscal Burden as a Determinant of Innovation Performance in the CEE Countries
Authors: Felis Paweł , Bernardelli Michał , Jamroży Marcin , Lipiec Jacek , Malinowska-Misiąg Elżbieta , Szlęzak-Matusewicz Joanna , Otczyk Grzegorz
Published: October 2022

This article aims at finding a relationship between the degree of fiscalism and innovation in eleven countries in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). The article uses clustering algorithms to divide countries into groups, with the most similar features in a multidimensional space generated by values of adopted indices, irrespective of fiscalism and innovation. Econometric modelling based on panel data was used to identify directions and the strength of the relationship between different variables. The article finds that fiscalism and innovation performance are closely interrelated. The article uses selected (limited) indices to exhibit the relation between fiscalism and innovation. The impact of tax competition may be used to give a broader perspective on this relation. The implication for the public policy is that high value of tax-to-GDP (gross domestic product) coexists with low labour costs and entrepreneurs’ attitude to investment in innovation. It is among the first articles to exhibit a relation between innovation and fiscalism in the CEE countries. In addition, the article uniquely uses clustering methods combined with the econometric panel model.
A Randomized Trial of Behavioral Nudges Delivered Through Text Messages to Increase Influenza Vaccination Among Patients With an Upcoming Primary Care Visit
Authors: Patel Mitesh S. , Milkman Katherine L. , Gandhi Linnea , Graci Heather N. , Gromet Dena , Ho Hung , Kay Joseph S. , Lee Timothy W. , Rothschild Jake , Akinola Modupe , Beshears John , Bogard Jonathan E. , Buttenheim Alison , Chabris Christopher , Chapman Gretchen B. , Choi James J. , Dai Hengchen , Fox Craig R. , Goren Amir , Hilchey Matthew D. , Hmurovic Jillian , John Leslie K. , Karlan Dean , Kim Melanie , Laibson David , Lamberton Cait , Madrian Brigitte C. , Meyer Michelle N. , Modanu Maria , Nam Jimin , Rogers Todd , Rondina Renante , Saccardo Silvia , Shermohammed Maheen , Soman Dilip , Sparks Jehan , Warren Caleb , Weber Megan , Berman Ron , Evans Chalanda N. , Lee Seung Hyeong , Snider Christopher K. , Tsukayama Eli , Van den Bulte Christophe , Volpp Kevin G. , Duckworth Angela L.
Published: October 2022

Purpose

To evaluate if nudges delivered by text message prior to an upcoming primary care visit can increase influenza vaccination rates.

Design

Randomized, controlled trial.

Setting

Two health systems in the Northeastern US between September 2020 and March 2021.

Subjects

74,811 adults.

Interventions

Patients in the 19 intervention arms received 1-2 text messages in the 3 days preceding their appointment that varied in their format, interactivity, and content.

Measures

Influenza vaccination.

Analysis

Intention-to-treat.

Results

Participants had a mean (SD) age of 50.7 (16.2) years; 55.8% (41,771) were female, 70.6% (52,826) were White, and 19.0% (14,222) were Black. Among the interventions, 5 of 19 (26.3%) had a significantly greater vaccination rate than control. On average, the 19 interventions increased vaccination relative to control by 1.8 percentage points or 6.1% ( P = .005). The top performing text message described the vaccine to the patient as “reserved for you” and led to a 3.1 percentage point increase (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.9; P < .001) in vaccination relative to control. Three of the top five performing messages described the vaccine as “reserved for you.” None of the interventions performed worse than control.

Conclusions

Text messages encouraging vaccination and delivered prior to an upcoming appointment significantly increased influenza vaccination rates and could be a scalable approach to increase vaccination more broadly.
Weaponized Subordination: How Incels Discredit Themselves to Degrade Women
Authors: Halpin Michael
Published: October 2022

In this article, I analyze weaponized subordination, wherein men strategically use their perceived subordinate masculine status to legitimate their degradation of women. I draw on a qualitative analysis of 9,062 comments made on a popular involuntary celibate (“incel”) discussion board. Incels are an online community of men who define themselves by their inability to participate in heterosexual sex/relationships. Incel forums are characterized by self-loathing, anger, and misogyny, with several incels having committed murders (e.g., Elliot Rodger). I first detail the type of subordination incels argue they experience—a social bias in favor of attractive people they call lookism. Next, I explain how incels perceive themselves as permanently subordinated “failed men.” I then demonstrate how incels weaponize their subordination, using their perceived subordinate status to justify their misogyny. Findings are discussed in relation to hybrid masculinity and conceptualizations of subordinate masculinities.
In Women we Trust? Gender-Status Mismatch and Trust in Professional Networks
Authors: Song Eun Young , Vernet Antoine , Pryke Stephen
Published: October 2022

Although scholars have long acknowledged the importance of having effective networks in business, little is known about the role of women’s professional status in the effectiveness of their networks. Drawing on gender-status beliefs theory, we examine how a woman’s status affects levels of trust in the information that she shares with members of her professional network. We hypothesize that network members are likely to mistrust information from women because of a gender-status mismatch—a perceived mismatch between a woman’s work-related high status and her low social status, due to widely held beliefs about women’s lack of competence. By measuring three types of status and analyzing trust levels in 3,842 dyads from communication networks in a UK railway construction project from 2014 through 2015, we find that network members trust information from women who are in supervisory positions and are connected with central contacts less than information from low-status women. Our study extends the literature on gender-status beliefs and effective networks, and discusses practical implications.
Spatial effect of a vertical multi-faceted rib on thermal performance and flow characteristics in a square channel
Authors: Fithry Mohd Amir , Zamri Yusoff M , Saiful H A Hassan
Published: October 2022

A multi-faceted vertical rib has been numerically investigated using the internal flow of rib in a rectangular channel method under turbulent flow for 17,000 < Re < 27,000. The vertical rib that can be encountered inside porous media design often creates a persisting issue of high-pressure drop. The challenge frequently intensifies, mainly when a two-phase state heat transfer is introduced inside the porous media. The vertical multi-faceted rib models the various surfaces often encountered inside the porous media. The effect of blockage ratio on the flow characteristics and thermal performance is observed. The results are compared to the more conventional circular rib, equal in surface area to the multi-faceted rib. The multi-faceted rib yields a higher average Nusselt number of approximately 33% and contributes to the higher average Nusselt number of the channel. The multi-faceted rib channel has a better thermal performance factor, in average of approximately 13% higher and lower pressure drop than the circular rib channel. The advantage of the multi-faceted rib is attributed to, surprisingly, the poor flow attachment on the rib surface, which results in a low Cf/ f ratio. Consequently, the multi-faceted rib suffers from very low velocity on the downstream rib surface. Ultimately, the spatial effect of the rib inside the square channel can be evaluated using the Cf/ f ratio, which takes into account the rib surface and channel walls. In the quasi two-phase state, the circular rib is observed to provide a more favorable condition for latent heat transfer under extreme condition investigated.
Research progress of temperature field calculation of disc brake braking interface based on numerical analysis
Authors: Li Dahan , Wang Songquan , Fang Xingxing , Guo Yongbo , Hu Ningning , Zhang Dekun
Published: October 2022

Disc brakes are the most widely used key components in the braking system of various types of machinery and equipment. When it works, it converts kinetic energy into thermal energy, which will make the braking interface overheat, thus leading to thermal recession of the brake disc and brake pad, which will eventually seriously affect the service life of the machine. The study of temperature changes at the working interface of disc brakes during braking is of great significance to the selection of brake friction pairs and the setting of braking parameters, and is an important theoretical guarantee for improving the service life of brakes. Currently, there are extensive researches on the analysis of temperature fields at the working interface of disc brakes. This paper summarizes the latest numerical research progress of the friction interface temperature field of disc brakes, and evaluates the research status of the friction interface temperature field model, temperature field solution method, and thermodynamics. The review finds that the current numerical method has become the most common method for conducting thermal analysis of disc brakes. The finite element analysis based on thermal modeling, thermal-mechanical coupling methods, and temperature distribution is able to provide more research basis for studying the thermal failure of brake friction pairs, thermal damage mechanisms, and friction material wear mechanisms. Improving the accuracy of the thermal model calculation will be an important research direction for the future numerical analysis of the temperature field of disc brakes.
Transient isogeometric heat conduction analysis of stationary fluid in a container
Authors: Gupta Vibhushit , Verma Shubham K , Anand Sanjeev , Jameel Azher , Anand Yatheshth
Published: October 2022

This article is devoted to the numerical simulation of transient heat conduction problems in fluids. A numerical formulation depending on isogeometric analysis-based GeoPDE's toolbox is employed to establish the viability of isogeometric analysis as a tool for analysing heat conduction problems. An experimental analysis is conducted on a physical model of a container for checking the change in temperature with time. Then the isogeometric analysis is used for the development of a numerical model and evaluation of unknown field variable, that is, temperature and its dependent properties. The validation of the proposed model is done by comparing it with an experimental analysis and calculating the coefficient of correlation between the two models. As a result, +0.99 value of correlation coefficient is devious out, which presents a positive relationship between the two. Based on the validated results, the proposed model is employed for the evaluation of thermophysical properties for different fluids like liquid water and ethylene glycol–water mixture. The evaluated properties of ethylene glycol–water solution are compared with existing literature values. A root mean square error is compared between evaluated and literature property values for various concentrations. The deduced values are in the range of 2.3%–8.4% for density and 0.26%–4.6% for viscosity. It is found that isogeometric analysis can be effectively applied in heat conduction problems using GeoPDE.
Which clean energy contributes better for growth? – dynamic panel analysis of heterogeneous impacts of individual renewable sources on economic growth
Authors: Kim Sehwan , Jeon Wooyoung
Published: October 2022

The impact of renewable energy on economic growth has been controversial and the possible reason for this is that renewable energy is aggregation of sources with heterogeneous characteristics and different countries have different portfolio of renewable sources depending on their climate condition and technology maturity. This study examines the relationship between renewable energy sources such as solar, wind and bio energy and economic growth in 89 countries. For methodology, this paper adopted Islam's growth equation and performed Dynamic Panel Analysis based on Arellano-Bond GMM methodology. In addition to whole sample analysis, a sub-group analysis is performed between OECD and non-OECD countries, and between energy-importing and energy-exporting countries to examine how the relationship is affected by country's capital accumulation, technology maturity, energy cost, and energy security. The result shows that individual sources have the U-shaped relationships with growth, but the turning points where negative relationship changes to positive vary for different sources. For sub-group analysis, the U-shaped relationship was significant only in OECD countries and energy-importing countries. This shows that high technology development and capital accumulation of OECD countries and high energy cost and vulnerability to international energy market of energy-importing countries makes renewable sources more beneficial to economic growth.
Exploring Cultural Factors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Acceptance in African Americans: An Integrative Review
Authors: Henderson Rashida L. , Zoucha Rick , Colbert Alison , Braxter Betty J.
Published: October 2022

Introduction:

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can prevent HPV-related cancers. However, African Americans (AA) have a 30% higher incidence of HPV-related cervical cancer than Whites. The purpose of this integrative review is to explore cultural factors and beliefs impacting HPV vaccine decisions in AA adults.

Methodology:

The Whittemore & Knafl model guided this review. Databases searched were PubMed, CINAHL, and Embase. Key terms included “human papillomavirus,” “vaccine,” “cultural values,” “African American,” and “adult.” Inclusion criteria were AAs aged 18 years and over living in the United States.

Results:

A total of 634 articles were identified, and 20 studies published from 2010 to 2020 were used. Common factors influencing HPV vaccine decisions included religion, knowledge, physician recommendation, social network, attitudes, mistrust, benefits, and safety.

Discussion:

Limitations included omission of articles lacking AA representation, limited databases searched, and one-author-evaluated studies. Future studies to discover additional cultural factors influencing HPV vaccine acceptance are critical.
A Review of Using Wearable Technology to Assess Team Functioning and Performance
Authors: Hałgas Elwira A. , van Eijndhoven Kyana H. J. , Gevers Josette M. P. , Wiltshire Travis J. , M. Westerink Joyce H. D. , Rispens Sonja
Published: October 2022

Wearable technology enables collecting continuous in situ data from multiple people in various modalities, which can enhance team research and support, as the dynamic coupling of signals between interacting individuals (i.e., team coordination dynamics) is believed to reflect underlying processes and states of team functioning and performance. We conducted a systematic review on existing literature to evaluate the prospective use of wearable technology in research and practice. Using the IMOI framework as an organizing tool, our review revealed considerable support linking team coordination dynamics in different modalities to team functioning and performance, but also explicated the field’s nascent status.
Self-Care of Adults with Type 2 Diabetes During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Interpretive Description Study
Authors: Luciani Michela , Bigoni Camilla , Canesi Marta , Masotto Matteo , Fabrizi Diletta , Di Mauro Stefania , Ausili Davide
Published: October 2022

Due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), diabetes services have been disrupted, causing difficulties for people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and understanding their experience could help improve diabetes care. Therefore, we used a qualitative interpretive description to explore the experience of self-care of adults with T2DM during the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews and analyzed theoretically. The sample ( N = 30) was composed of 7 females and 23 males, with a mean age of 69.9 years (60–77) and 19.4 mean years (3–40) of people living with T2DM. Our findings show reduced physical activity and increased smoking and alcohol consumption affected that self-care. Increased food consumption and stress eating, with greater stress and anxiety, caused worsening of glycemic values. Participants were able to contact healthcare professionals via eHealth or telephone. Others, even those with complications, were not able to receive care or advice. These results suggest that easier contact with health providers, continuous engagement, eHealth solutions, and formal peer support could help self-care in T2DM. Advanced nursing roles and services could solve many issues reported in this study during and after the pandemic.
Validation of the PCQ-5: A Short Form to Measure State Positive Psychological Capital
Authors: Szerdahelyi Miklós , Paterson Ted A. , Huang Lei , Martos Tamás , Komlósi László
Published: October 2022

Positive psychological capital (PsyCap) is a key measure of workplace positivity, yet its organizational impact may be somewhat limited by current measurement practices. Given its state-like and malleable nature, organizations need accurate yet brief measures to allow for repeated measurement of PsyCap. A very short PsyCap instrument could be used in various ways by organizations to measure and track employee positivity, thus enabling management to make decisions with more insight. Similarly, for researchers, a much shorter scale could dramatically improve research efficiency and response rate, opening up new perspectives in PsyCap research. In this paper, initial evidence is provided for the validity of a short PsyCap measure across multiple samples of working adult populations ( N = 1331 in total) from four different countries (United States, China, Germany, and Hungary). Consistent with prior research, we propose a five-item PsyCap measure, the PCQ-5, consisting of one item from the dimensions of self-efficacy, resilience, and optimism and one item for each facet of the hope dimension (agency and pathways). The proposed PCQ-5 shows internal consistency reliability and good fit for a single factor global PsyCap model across all samples. Moreover, like the PCQ-24, the PCQ-5 is associated with meaningful workplace outcomes such as job performance, job satisfaction, OCBs, voice, and helping behaviors, and it is negatively related to deviant behaviors like CWBs.
The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Well-Being: A Literature Review
Authors: Gayatri Maria , Puspitasari Mardiana Dwi
Published: October 2022

Background: COVID-19 has changed family life, including employment status, financial security, the mental health of individual family members, children's education, family well-being, and family resilience. The aim of this study is to analyze the previous studies in relation to family well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A literature review was conducted on PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus for studies using a cross-sectional or quasi-experimental design published from their inception to October 15, 2020, using the keywords “COVID-19,” “pandemic,” “coronavirus,” “family,” “welfare,” “well-being,” and “resilience.” A manual search on Google Scholar was used to find relevant articles based on the eligibility criteria in this study. The presented conceptual framework is based on the family stress model to link the inherent pandemic hardships and the family well-being. Results: The results show that family income loss/economic difficulties, job loss, worsening mental health, and illness were reported in some families during the COVID-19 pandemic. Family life has been influenced since the early stage of the pandemic by the implementation of physical distancing, quarantine, and staying at home to curb the spread of coronavirus. During the pandemic, it is important to maintain family well-being by staying connected with communication, managing conflict, and making quality time within family. Conclusion: The government should take action to mitigate the social, economic, and health impacts of the pandemic on families, especially those who are vulnerable to losing household income. Promoting family resilience through shared beliefs and close relationships within families is needed during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The Impact of Distance Learning on Parental Stress During the Second COVID-19 Lockdown in Germany
Authors: May Isabelle , Hoerl Lena
Published: October 2022

Parental stress caused by monthlong school closures was measured as early as spring and summer of 2020. The present study investigated parental resilience during the second lockdown in Germany in January/February 2021 (n = 2,804). Based on an online questionnaire, parental stress, resilience, self-efficacy, children’s school abilities, and the perceived quality of lesson design in distance teaching were queried. Multiple linear regression analysis identified significant relationships between the experienced stress perception and the time spent supporting children in distance learning. We identified parental resilience as a predictor of stress experiences. It was possible to demonstrate the considerable influence of child variables and perceived lesson design on parental stress levels.
Free vibrations of circular and sectorial plates by using the shape functions with trigonometric and hyperbolic terms
Authors: Bakhtiari-Nejad Firooz , Saffari Ramin , Zhu Weidong
Published: October 2022

In this paper, free vibration of different plates in the polar coordinate is studied by using the Rayleigh–Ritz method and calculating strain and kinetic energies. The investigated plates include annular sectorial and circular, sectorial and circular with fixed center, circular sectorial, and solid circular. In this work, trigonometric and hyperbolic terms are used to express the shape function of each plate so that the shape function approximately satisfies boundary conditions and also regularity conditions for the solid plates. The mentioned plates can have any different types of the boundary conditions and the presented method is versatile and has no limitations. For the solid plates, the shape function is calculated in such a way that it can be used to calculate strain energy of the plate. Some types of the plates are examined as the case studies and the results are also calculated by the ABAQUS CAE for validation of the proposed method.