bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Material Máquina
Authors:   , Casas Remedios
Published: September 2023

La arquitectura produce y es producida por sistemas materiales que se encuentran definidos por la naturaleza de sus componentes. Como lo describe Christopher Alexander un sistema es un conjunto de partes con normas que lo regulan y, a su vez, un modo en el que estas partes pueden combinarse. Dependiendo del caso,componen otros sistemas y precisan vínculos materiales con propiedades capaces de satisfacer las relaciones de la unidad que están conformando, e incluso constituir las propiedades finales de los objetos. Este es un comportamiento presente en todos los objetos arquitectónicos constituidos y por constituir: por un lado, una materia o componente y por el otro, relaciones que determinan la unidad del objeto que conforman. Revisar a la arquitectura más allá de su estructura organizacional, implica revisar la trama de interacciones y transformaciones presentes en dichos componentes que pueden desencadenarse al activar la máquina que consolidan en su articulación, y que preservan a este conjunto de partes en grado de poder generar otra cosa. Esta potencia de transformación latente abre una línea de trabajo de se desplaza desde los objetos y hacia los procesos generativos. El objetivo de este trabajo es desarrollar esta potencia indagando en las máquinas de transformación que conforman los sistemas materiales que componen a los objetos, y que son las responsables de su transformación. Esta investigación no aborda al objeto en sí sino al conjunto de relaciones que definen la organización de una determinada máquina. Humberto Maturana y Francisco Varela recurren a este concepto para describir el funcionamiento complejo de cualquier organización; para éstos el concepto de máquina distingue al menos dos modelos diferentes. Uno de ellos es dinámico y está caracterizado por la presencia de procesos de organización cuyos componentes se definen en procesos externos.
Pemeriksaan Urin Lengkap dengan Alat Dirui FUS-2000 di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda
Authors: Adliana Rizka , Wahid Rifky Saldi A
Published: September 2023

Latar Belakang : Infeksi Saluran Kemih (ISK) menurut World Health Organization adalah penyakit infeksi kedua tersering pada tubuh setelah infeksi saluran pernafasan dan sebanyak 8,3 juta kasus dilaporkan per tahun Tujuan : Menganalisa urin secara lengkap dan mengetahui pengendalian mutu di laboratorium. Metode : Metode yang digunakan dalam adalah observasi langsung atau observasi laboratorik Tata Laksana : Dilakukan pada tanggal 02 Januari 2023 sampai dengan 10 Februari 2023. Hasil : Didapatkan hasil pemeriksaan urin lengkap makroskopis warna urin normal sebanyak 90% dan kejernihan sebanyak 61%, pada kimia urin didapatkan semua parameter memiliki persentasi nilai normal lebih tinggi dibandingkan nilai abnormal, seperti parameter keton didapatkan nilai normal sebanyak 99%.  Pada mikroskopis urin didapatkan hasil sedimen. Kesimpulan : Dilakukan pengamatan pemeriksaan urin lengkap dengan sampel sebanyak 192 sampel dan pelaksanaan pemantapan mutu di Laboratorium Patologi Klinik RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda telah dilaksanakan dengan baik.
Literature Review: Hubungan dan Peranan Interleukin-6 (Il-6) pada Penderita COVID-19
Authors: Cindrayani Sulis , Sukmana Dhika Juliana , Hadiatun Nurul , Aini Aini
Published: September 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 or better known as COVID-19 is an acute respiratory disease caused by Savere Acute Respiratory Syndrome-2 (SARS CoV-2). The purpose of this study was to determine the role and relationship of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in patients with COVID-19. The research method is a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using electronic articles in English and Indonesian, the year the article was published starting from 2019 with a secondary research design with supporting data with the theme of the study taken, namely with the keywords: COVID-19, interleukin-6, cytokine storm in COVID-19 sufferers. In searching articles with the help of several databases. On average, the results of the 8 research articles used in this literature review show that there is a relationship and role for interleukin-6 (IL-6) in people with COVID-19. In conclusion, IL-6 has a role and relationship to sufferers of COVID-19
Combined FEM and phase field method for reliability design of forward degradation in SiC bipolar device
Authors: Kano Akira , Hirohata Kenji , Kato Mitsuaki , Ota Chiharu , Okada Aoi , Nishio Johji , Shibutani Yoji
Published: September 2023

The reliability of 4H-SiC bipolar devices is compromised by the expansion of single Shockley stacking faults (SSFs) during forward-current operation. Because SSF expansion is governed by multiphysical aspects, including electrical, thermal, and stress states, analysis of the mounted structure is important for improving power module design. We propose a practical design method that analyzes the critical condition due to SSF expansion using a combined method with a multiphysical finite element method (FEM) and phase field model based on the time-dependent Ginzburg–Landau equation. In preliminary studies, the thermal deformation of the demonstration module and the variation of threshold current of a bar-shaped SSF were verified from experimental and reference data. Estimating the SSF expansion rate on the constructed response surface under the mutiphysical inputs from FEM, the proposed design method can be used effectively in the design process by changing the various design variables.
Az űrhajósok kiválogatásának pszichológiai és szociológiai kérdései (1.)
Authors: Clément Gilles
Published: September 2023

A magyar űrkutatás és űrtevékenység – Bay Zoltán híres holdradar-kísérletétől számítva – 75 éves múltra tekint vissza. A hazai kutatóműhelyek, tudományos intézetek, sőt immáron a gazdasági szereplők képességei nemzetközi viszonylatban is kitűnnek. Magyarország számára stratégiai érdek, hogy megőrizze és fejlessze a világűrben folytatott tevékenysége kompetenciáit, erősítse pozícióit. A kormány 2021-ben fogadta el Magyarország első űrstratégiáját. E stratégiai dokumentum megállapításaival és célkitűzéseivel összhangban kulcsfontosságúvá vált egy interdiszciplináris tudásplatform létrehozása. A Hunor-program keretében, több ezer jelentkező közül választották ki azt a nyolc jelöltet, akiket jelenleg a Magyar Honvédség légiereje tesztel a kecskeméti bázison, és akik közül egy – Farkas Bertalant követve – második magyarként tehet majd űrutazást. A szerző háromrészes tanulmányában az űrhajósok kiválasztásának pszichológiai és szociológiai aspektusait elemzi.
Inteligencia artificial y conciencia artificial, desafíos éticos y legales en la producción científica
Authors: Benvenuto-Vera Ángelo
Published: September 2023

La evolución de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA), especialmente en el Procesamiento del Lenguaje Natural (PLN) y la creación de modelos de lenguaje como GPT como herramientas de investigación, plantea desafíos éticos y legales debido a su falta de conciencia. CAPIC Review debe asegurar la calidad de los estudios que emplean IA. Se recomienda a los investigadores facilitar la revisión por parte de sus colegas, brindando detalles sobre la IA utilizada, citándola correctamente y considerando los desafíos éticos y legales.
Restriction And Frequency Of Man/tsetse Contact In A Forest Area of Edo State, Nigeria; Observation On Their Epidemiological Implications
Authors: ANAVBE A.O
Published: September 2023

Observations were made on the factors that influenced the restriction and frequency of man/tsetse contact in a forest area of Edo State, Nigeria to determine their epidemiological implications. Glossina p. palpalis R-D was observed and was diurnally active in all the locations sampled. Contact between man and tsetse can occurs in each of the numerous overlapping locations which characterise the study. area. Of 1086 tsetse flies examined for infection. 7% were carrying trypanosomes of the vivax group. Therefore it is not possible to distinguish areas of high risk based only on vegetation. but it is possible to put them in order of frequency of man/tsetse contact. The forest edge. all water points, Camp settlements, footpath and piggery represent very favoured locations for contact and are of particular epidemiological importance. Other locations of epidemiological importance are Cocoyam and Cassava farms and Rubber plantations. Thus tsetse control in this area cannot be restricted only to the riverine forest but these factors must be considered in order to effectively reduce man/fly to the barest minimum.
Immature Stages and Biology of two Blowfly Species (Diptera: Calliphoridae) in Akwa lbom State, Nigeria.
Authors: EKANEM MFON S. , USUA EFFANGA J.
Published: September 2023

Chrysomya chloropyga (Wiedemann) and Hemipyrellia fernandica (Macquart) are two common calliphorids in Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria. Morphological descriptions are given of first, second, third instars, and puparia. Larval instars of C. chloropyga have segments with fusiform areas, and the posterior spiracle peritreme is incomplete and highly sclerotized. The peritreme in H. fernandica is complete and encloses a button. Developmental rates of C. chloropyga and H. fernandica from eggs to adults at a temperature range of 25° – 280C were 8.0 + 0.8 days and 15.6 + 1.4 days, respectively. Adult life span of C. chloropyga was 29.8 + 5.3 days and H. fernandica 29.8 + 4.5 days. Ecological niches of the two flies are described with respect to their degrees of synanthropy and food preferences.
Laboratory Infection of Amblyomma variegatum Ticks with Cowdria ruminantium and Sustained Nymp. Infectivity after a Long preservation Period
Authors: LAWAL A.I. , AGBEDE R.I.S. , OTOBO S.
Published: September 2023

Laboratory colonies of Amblyomma variegatium nymphae were established by incubating thirty fully and eighteen partially engorged female ticks collected from sedentary herds in Zaria. They were incubated at 28°C and 80% relative humidity. Preoviposition periods ranged from 7 to 10 days (mean 8.5+ 1.5) and 9 to 11 days (mean 10±1.0) for the fully and partially engorged ticks respectively. The eggs maintained under the same incubation conditions hatched ‘between 40-43 days (mean 41.5 +1.5) and 40 to 59 days (mean 49±9.5) post oviposition for the fully and partially engorged ticks respectively. The larvae were infected by feeding them on a heartwater infected goat using ear bags. The resultant nymphae transmitted heartwater to susceptible goats after 11 and 52 weeks, of preservation in the incubator maintained at WOC and 80% relatively humidity.
Light based Mass Trapping of Insects in Okomu Oil-Palm Estate, Benin, Edo State, Nigeria
Authors: HAVARD T.J.R. , .IRORERE M.O. , AISAGBONHI C.I. , ENOBAKHARE D.A.
Published: September 2023

Nineteen species of insects belonging to five different orders were identified from light traps monitored at three trapping heights from January to December 1999, at Okomu Oil Palm Estate The order Coleoptera (73 6 % occurrence) was the most abundant in the three trapping levels The mean number of insects recovered were 13.05 at (undergrowth), 799 (middle) and 12.44 (crown) level of palms. The level of trap placement did not significantly influence the numbers of insects trapped. It was however, affected by the duration. The numbers of insects trapped was significantly different at different (P < 0.05) times of the year. Results obtained in this study will help in early warning monitoring of pest population build up and in planning timely, environment – friendly pest management strategies in Oil Palm Plantations in Nigeria.
Field Biology of Epilachna punctipennis Muslant (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) a major defoliator of bitterleaf, Vernonia amygdalina Del. in southwestern Nigeria
Authors: OMOLOYE A.A. , ANIKWE J.C. , TOBIH F.O.
Published: September 2023

The foraging behaviour and life cycle parameters of Epilachna punctipennis on the bitterleaf, Vernonia amygdalina were investigated in the field and in the laboratory at ambient temperature and humidity. E. punctipennis appeared to be a diurnal folivore and the adults were most active in cool and bright daylight condition. Adults did not fly often and mating took place on both adaxial and abaxial surfaces of leaves of V amygdalina. Copulation occurred more than once in the adult. Eggs were deposited by the females in about 10 clusters of 25 eggs and glued firmly on to the adaxial surface of very young leaves. Actual fecundity per female averaged 218 eggs per lifetime. Unmated females laid very few eggs and these did not hatch. The first and second instar larvae fed on young leaves but migrated later to older leaves at the third instar. Adults and the immature stages were commonly distributed spatially on each branch at the uppermost 5-10 leaves from the apical bud. All the feeding stages were phytophagous . The life cycle consisted of an egg, four larval instars, a pupa and the adult. All larval stages lasted an average of five days except the fourth instar, which lasted only four days. The mean growth ratio was 1.46. The potential of the beetle to cross on to other feeding sites and cause damage to the host plant increased with age of the insect.
Aspects of the Biology and variation in Developmental time of the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russel (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) on Different Hosts
Authors: PITAN O.O.R.
Published: September 2023

Some aspects of the biology of the spiralling whitefly, Aleurodicus dispersus Russell (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae), a serious pest of crops in West Africa, was studied on guava seedlings under laboratory conditions as well as in screen house. There were only four larval instars; total larval period was 15-19 days while developmental period from egg to adult was 24.1-28.0 days. At a temperature of 30 ± 4()C, mortality was 72.2% and at 25 ± 2°C (in laboratory condition) mortality was 46.9%. Time required by A. dispersus to complete development from egg to adult at 25 ± 2° C was influenced by the host plant. Development was completed in 18% less time on cassava (Manihot utilissimma), croton (Codiatum vartegatum); Acalypha sp., guava (Psidium guajava) and plantain (Musa paradisiaca) than on frangipani (Plumeria rubra) and mango (Mangifera indica).
Influence of Host plants and populations of the Mango mealybug, Rastrococcus invadens and its Natural enemies in the Guinea savanna, Nigeria
Authors: UKWELA M.U. , LlMAN I.M.
Published: September 2023

The field populations of Rastrococcus invadens Williams and its parasitoid Gyranusoidea tebygi Noyes, predators and hyperparasitoids were monitored on Mangifera indica L., Plumeria alba L., Citrus sinensis L., Ficus umbellata (Vahl.) and Psidium guajava L. in the Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria between November, 1996 and January, 1997. Population density of R. invadens was significantly higher on M indica and P. alba (P < 0.05) than on other hosts. Fluctuation in mealybug populations assumed a similar pattern on M indica, C. sinensis and P. alba. There was a relationship between the individual weather factor and R. invadens population, depending on the host plants. The three weather factors significantly (r2 = 373.2%, 80.8; P<0.05) influenced R. invadens population level on M indica and P. alba, respectively. While temperature contributed positively to fluctuation in the mealybug population, relative. humidity and winds contributed negatively to changes in its population level. G. tebygi attacked R. invadens on the five host plants throughout the period of study. Population trend of the parasitoid did not follow closely that of its host mealybug on the plant species. The rate of parasitism was lowest on P. alba (4.6%) and highest on P. guajava (32.1%). Generally, population trend of G. tebygi followed closely that of its hyperparasitoids. Reduction in parasitism of R. invadens by hyperparasitoids was significantly different on M indica and P. alba (P<0.05) compared with other plant species. Reduction in parasitism was lowest on P. guajava (20.7%) and highest on P. alba (82.1%) on which rate of parasitism of the mealybug was lowest. Among the hyperparasitoids, Chartocerus hyalipennis (Hayat), followed by Marietta leopardina :(Motsch) contributed mainly to reduction in parasitism. While M indica was the most favoured host of R. invadens, parasitism occurred most on P. guajava while hyperparasitism occurred most on P. alba.
First Report of Plutella xylostella Linn. (Lepidoptera:Yponomeutidae) as a Pest of Stored Cashew nut (Anacardium occidentale L.) in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria
Authors: OPARAEKE A.M. , DIKE M.C , AMATOBI C.I.
Published: September 2023

Cashew, Anacardium occidentale L. (Anacardiaceae) is a hardy, drought and termite resistant tree. The nutshell contains a caustic oil known as cashew nut shell oil which is dark colored, viscous and poisonous with two phenolic compounds cardol (10%) and anacardic acid (90%) as the major active principles. The most important insect pests of cashew tree include, Pachnoda spp (cashew pseudo-apple scrapper), Helopeltis spp. (Capsid bugs) and Paranaleptes reticulata (stem girdler). Reports on insect pests of stored cashew nut seed are scanty. Diamond back (Plutella xylostella L. Yponomeutidae) a moth, normally a field pest of mainly curcurbits was observed to attack stored cashew nut seed in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria.
An Appraisal of Farmers’ Termite Control Methods in Some Traditional Cropping Systems of West Africa
Authors: UMEH V. C.
Published: September 2023

Between 1993 and 1997, farmers’ termite control methods were surveyed in maize and citrus-based systems in Nigeria, and in groundnut-based systems in five West African countries. Interviews and field observations showed that the same species of termites, Macrotermes attacked the main crops and some of the intercrop species. Nasutitermes spp. that attacked citrus were not associated with any of the companion crops in citrus intercrops. Farmers reported 5-100 % damage to maize, 0-20 % damage to cassava intercropped with maize, 0-40 % and 12-90 % damages to citrus and ground nut respectively. Although chemical and cultural control methods were applied by less than 35 % of the farmers in each of the three main crops, most of the pesticides used against termites were not ideal for meaningful termite control and may have contributed to the unsatisfactory control results. Only about 20 % of the farmers that controlled termites indicated satisfactory results. An appraisal of the cultural control practices of farmers involving the use of indigenous live plants or their extracts to repel termites in infested farms was made. Those that have been found to be effective and those that need further evaluation were highlighted. The consumption of termites as a means of termite population reduction was also discussed.
Effects of Millet/Groundnut Arrangements on the Occurrence of Aphis craccivora Koch (Homoptera:Aphididae) and Ootheca species at Samaru, Nigeria
Authors: UMARU A.B. , DIKE M.C. , ONU I. , OGUNLANA M.O.
Published: September 2023

Field experiments were undertaken at Samaru in the Northern Guinea Savanna zone of Nigeria in 1995 and 1996 cropping seasons to evaluate the effect of millet/groundnut (Pennisetum typhoides Burm. F. and Arachis hypogaea L.) mixtures on the population of Aphis craccivora and Ootheca species. The intercrop patterns were inter-row ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and intra-row ratios of 2:2 and 1:3. The population of aphids was highest in the two intra-row ratios of 2:2 and 1:3, while the highest numbers of Ootheca species were recorded on mono crop groundnut. However for both aphids and Ootheca, the lowest pest populations were recorded in the 1:1 inter-row pattern. Yield and yield components of groundnut were not affected by the insect pests due to low population levels.
Post Embryonic Development and Egg Production in Oedaleus nigeriensis Uvarov (Orthoptera: Acrididae)
Authors: NZEKWU A.N.
Published: September 2023

The post-embryonic development and egg production in Oedaleus nigeriensis Uvarov were studied in the laboratory at Obaferni Awolowo University, 1Ie-lfe. There were five nymphal instars for both male and female, while the nymphal periods were (9.90, 13.40, 14.80, 12.10 and 18.80) days giving a total nymphal period of 61.72 days. Adults laid three egg-pods per female with a mean number of 22 eggs per pod The present occasional pest status of the insect is discussed based on the data obtained.
Effects of some Hydrophysico-Chemical Factors on the Distribution of Simuliids in Kaduna State, Nigeria
Authors: MBAH C.E. , NOCK I.H.
Published: September 2023

A survey of Simulium breeding sites was undertaken in Kaduna State between September 1990 and July 1995. Immature and adult simuliids were collected from rivers and streams across four bioclimatic zones (the Sudan Savanna, Montane Savanna, Northern Guinea Savanna and Southern Guinea Savanna) comprising 65 stations in 20 sites. It was designed to obtain pre-control baseline data for the control of onchocerciasis in the Kaduna endemic foci and adjacent areas. The breeding site distribution of simuliid fauna is, to a large extent, influenced by the bioc1imatic zonation and hydro-physicochemical characteristics of a particular area. Variation of water current velocity with the rivers and between the rivers and months were also highly significant (P < 0.01). The three anthropophilic species namely Simulium damnosum s.s, S. sirbanum and S. squamosum were the most abundant at very high velocities (2.0-2.6 m!s), and at higher temperatures (24-28.8 DC), and preferred a pH range of 6.0-7.8. The immature stages of non anthropophilic black flies such as S. hargreavesi and S adersi occurred in both moderate (1.0-1.9 m/s) and higher (2.0-2.5 m!s) water velocities with a temperature range of 20-27 °c and pH 6.0-7.2. Simulium ruficorne and S. alcocki preferred sluggish, slow water velocities (0.1-1.4 m/s), temperatures 21.5-27 °c and pH range 6.0-7.2. Slight variations in one or more of the hydrochemical parameters within the breeding sites enabled simuliids breed communally and could limit the occurrence of each species in the microniche.
Morphological variation in Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera: Glossina pallidipes Austen (Diptera:Glossinidae) over its geographical range
Authors: ADESIYAN S.A. , JERVIS M.A. , HOLLANDER den J.
Published: September 2023

Morphometric studies were carried out on Glossina pallidipes from Zimbabwe in southern Africa and Uganda in eastern Africa. Ten and seven characters were used in the multivariate discriminant analysis for the male and female populations respectively. All the characters showed highly significant morphological discrimination «0.001) between the two populations. These were further confirmed by the separate scatterplot for each sex population. The consistent discriminant characters between the male and female population are: 2nd and 3rd antennal segment length, head narrowest point width arid eye base to bucca tip length. The most powerful discriminator between the male populations is the 2nd and 3rd antennal segments length whereas in the female populations it is the eye base to bucca tip length. The percentage of “grouped” cases correctly classified for each sex populations was 100 with no overlap. The morphological variations observed between the allopatric populations in relation to biological species concepts are discussed.
Insects of Medical and Veterinary Importance at the Hadejia Nguru Wetlands of Nigeria
Authors: MOlTA N.B. , BDLlYA H.H. , AKINSOLA O.A. , BUAHIN G.K.A.
Published: September 2023

Base-line data on the variety of insects of medical and veterinary importance was collected at various sites in the Hadejia-Nguru wetlands of Nigeria during November 1995 to March 1997. Entomological methods employed include use of Challier- Laveissiere (biconical) traps, aspirators (pooters), knock-down insecticide spraying, water-nets and laddIe for sampling of aquatic bodies as well as visual examination. Ten Diptera, seven Hymenoptera and one Hemiptera were sampled with the biconical trap. Of common occurrence in the biconical trap catches were the housefly (Musca domestica L.) and the tabanidflies (Tabanus gratus, and T. lineola F). The housefly Hippobosca variegatus Megerle was conunon on cattle at various sites, but was only collected in malaise trap catches or using sweep net. Insecticide spray catches included mosquitoes (Culex pipiens quinquefasciatus Say, C. annulioris and Anopheles species), housefly the calliphorid blowflies (Lucilia cuprina Wied. and Crysomya albiceps Wied.) and wasps (Labus macrostylus Kh. and Polistes sp). Eight species of mosquitoes, comprising two spp of Culex and seven spp of Anopheles were identified among the aspirator and insecticide spray catches. ‘Only one tsetse fly (Glossina sp.) was collected with the malaise trap mounted at the river bank at Sara Dugum near Katagum, Bauchi State. Details of the findings and their implications for the health standard of living of the area are discussed.
Influence of Planting Date and Spacing on the Infestation and Damage to Two Soybean Varieties by Insect Pests at Samaru, Zaria
Authors: ADAMU R.S. , DIKE M.C. , ONU I. , OGUNLANA M.O.
Published: September 2023

The influence of planting date and spacing on the level of infestation and damage to soybean by the major insect pests was investigated at Samaru during the 1994 and 1995 wet seasons. The major insect pests of soybean were Ootheca mutabilis Salh, pygomorpha vignaudi Guer, Nezara viridula L., Agonoscelis versicolor Fab and Halydicoris ventralis Dall. Planting date and spacing had no significant effect on percentage defoliation by the insects. The highest percentage defoliations recorded were 13.8 and 15% for 1994 and 1995 respectively, These were below the economic threshold level of 30%. The number of sucking bugs per plot, percentage pod damage per plant, 100 seed weight and seed damage index were not significantly affected by planting date and spacing. There were no significant differences (P < 0.05) between the varieties in terms of insect infestation and damage in both years. However, planting date significantly affects seed yield per hectare. The first plantings had significantly (P < 0.05) higher seed yield than the other subsequent plantings.
Review of Current Status of Morphotaxonomy in the Characteristics and Identification of Simulium damnosum Complex (Diptera:Simuliidae)
Authors: OFFOR I.I.
Published: September 2023

Blackflies are arthropods of the order Diptera and genus Simuliidae which transmit the parasite Onchocerca volvulus responsible for onchocerciasis (river blindness) and other various skin conditions. In carrying out Rapid Epidemiological Mapping to assess the current status of onchocerciasis in any area, the identity of the blackfly is important. Very often, breeding sites are located in remote areas and this leads to delay in field identification of samples. There is need for quick Identification to complement clinical diagnostic methods. The known identification methods for Simulium damnosum complex require time because of the expertise needed and the sophisticated nature of equipments employed. Such methods include molecular identification using DNA probes, electrophoresis and cuticular hydrocarbon analysis using gas chromatography (GC) for separating members of the complex .. The widely used method has been that of morphological characterization of the adult fly: Although using pictorial keys were cumbersome, blackflies from different geographical belts were separated successfully. Cytotaxonomic methods were used for the identification of nine sibling species of Simulium damnosum s.l. larvae in Nigeria. Recent workers have employed micro-morphological characters to analyse the known cytospecies from geographical extremes. The major constraints for field investigations are the time and cost of using laboratories abroad. Still, the need remains for quicker screening methods.
Effect of Physical Characters on Susceptibility of Chilli pepper Fruits, Capsicum spp. to Infestation by Atherigona orientalis Schiner (Diptera:Muscidae)
Authors: OGBALU O.K.
Published: September 2023

Some physical characters (nature of calyx, fruit texture, colour of fruits at maturity and type of mesocarp) were assessed for their relatives roles in the susceptibility of five varieties of two species of chilli’ peppers, Capsicum annum and C. frutescens to infestation by the pepper fruitfly, Atherigona orientalis Schiner, under laboratory conditions (25 – 31°C and 73 – 88% R.H.). Higher numbers of eggs were deposited on pepper varieties with open and raised calyx, yellow colour, and fleshy mesocarp than on those with tight and closed calyx, red colour or non-fleshy mesocarp. Development was also shorter in Nsukka yellow than in the other varieties: Developmental periods of A. orientalis also differ significantly between these morphological characters of the fruits. Higher percentage of adults, emerged from Nsukka yellow or other’ varieties with open and raised calyces than from varieties with closed calyces. Availability ‘of nutrients provided by the fleshy mesocarp to the immature stages probably induced red and promoted more rapid growth and development of the pepper fruitfly.
Bitar Nazarin Ganga Dogarau a Hausa
Authors: Umar Muhammad Mustapha , Zailani Abdulkadir Abubakar
Published: September 2023

A clause which depends on some other clauses for its meaning is called relative clause. Relative clause can be introduced by a relative pronoun that agrees in number and gender with the head noun. This paper intends to only discuss how to constitute relative clause using only relative pronouns. This paper is product of data collection from documentary sources to obtain a sample of related examples. The finding of this paper revealed three strategies used to form some relative clauses in Hausa.
A Review of Scheduling Strategies for Radiotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Inhibition in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Authors: Melissourgou-Syka Lydia , Gillespie Michael A. , O'Cathail Sean M. , Sansom Owen J. , Steele Colin W. , Roxburgh Campbell S. D.
Published: September 2023

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy across the globe and, despite advances in treatment strategies, survival rates remain low. Rectal cancer (RC) accounts for most of these cases, and traditional management strategies for advanced disease include total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT) with chemoradiotherapy followed by curative surgery. Unfortunately, approximately 10–15% of patients have no response to treatment or have recurrence at a short interval following radiotherapy. The introduction of immunotherapy in the form of immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in metastatic colorectal cancer has improved clinical outcomes, yet most patients with RC present with microsatellite stable disease, which lacks the immune-rich microenvironment where ICB is most effective. There is evidence that combining radiotherapy with ICB can unlock the mechanisms that drive resistance in patients; however, the sequencing of these therapies is still debated. This review offers a comprehensive overview of clinical trials and preclinical models that use radiotherapy–immunotherapy combinations in RC in an attempt to extrapolate the ideal sequencing of the two treatment modalities. The results highlight the dearth of evidence to answer the question of whether ICB should be given before, during, or after radiotherapy, yet it is suggested that improving the relevance of our preclinical models will provide a platform with higher translational value and will lead to appropriate clinical trial designs.
Pengaruh Dosis dan Jenis Aplikasi Boron terhadap Tingkat Layu Pentil (Cherelle wilt) Tanaman Kakao
Authors: Sri Dewi HS Endang , Yudono Prapto , Putra Eka Tarwaca Susila , Purwanto Benito Heru , Toyip Toyip
Published: September 2023

Cherelle wilt merupakan penyakit fisiologis pada tahap awal perkembangan buah kakao karena kegagalan perkembangan buah. Salah satu unsur yang diduga kuat menjadi penyebab adalah unsur boron yang ketersediannya sangat penting bagi tanaman karena berperan dalam perkembangan sel, metabolisme protein, asam amino, nitrat, lemak, karbohidrat, auksin dan fenol, fungsi membran, berperan dalam keberhasilan pembentukan bunga, pembuahan dan perkembangan buah. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengkaji dan meneliti tentang pengaruh boron terhadap layu pentil kakao. Penelitian dirancang menggunakan rancangan Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) dimana faktor A terdiri dari metode aplikasi pupuk yaitu lewat daun dan lewat tanah sedangkan faktor B adalah takaran pemberian boron yang terdiri dari tanpa pemberian pupuk , pemberian boron 1,5 g.pohon-1, 3 g. Pohon-1, 4,5 g.pohon-1 dan 6 g.pohon-1 setiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali, setiap ulangan terdiri dari 5 tanaman sehingga kombinasi perlakuan menjadi 2 x 5 x 3 x 5 = 150 tanaman. Parameter yang diamati adalah Boron total daun, viabilitas pollen, total pentil yang terbentuk, persentase pentil sehat, dan pentil layu. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa metode aplikasi pupuk boron berpengaruh terhadap layu pentil kakao. Metode aplikasi boron lewat daun dengan dosis 0, 4,5 dan 6 g.tanaman-1 memberikan nilai pentil layu yang lebih tinggi. Sedangkan metode aplikasi boron lewat daun dosis 1,5, dan 3 g.tanaman-1 serta metode aplikasi lewat tanah dosis 6 g.tanaman-1 memberikan persentase pentil sehat yang lebih tinggi. Metode aplikasi lewat daun dengan dosis 3 g.tanaman-1 adalah dosis maksimal yang mampu memberikan hasil tertinggi terhadap viabilitas pollen, jumlah buah, dan persentase pentil sehat.
Efektivitas Agen Hayati (Rhodopseudomonas palustris) untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Bercak Daun (Alternaria porri) pada Tanaman Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonicum L.)
Authors: Deden Deden , Wijaya Wijaya
Published: September 2023

Bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) adalah komoditas unggulan pertanian Indonesia. Penurunan produksi bawang merah salah satunya karena penyakit bercak daun. Penyakit bercak daun disebabkan oleh jamur Alternaria porri. Upaya pengendalian penyakit bercak daun ini masih ditekankan pada penggunaan fungisida, padahal penggunaan fungisida secara terus menerus berdampak negatif bagi lingkungan. Salah satu upaya alternatif ramah lingkungan untuk mengatasi penyakit bercak ungu pada tanaman bawang merah adalah dengan menggunakan agen hayati R. palustris. R. palustris merupakan mikroorganisme ramah lingkungan yang mengendalikan serangan cendawan. Tujuan penelitan ini adalah untuk mendapatkan informasi hasil percobaan pengendalian penyakit bercak daun dengan menggunakan R. palustris. Metode penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok (RAK) dengan 5 kali ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 5 taraf yaitu, A = R. palustris 0,5 mL/L, B = R. palustris 1,0 mL/L, C = R. palustris 1,5 mL/L, D = R. palustris 2,0 mL/L dan E = Kontrol (tanpa perlakuan fungisida). Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa agen hayati R. palustris tidak menimbulkan fitotoksisitas bagi pertumbuhan tanaman bawang merah, sehingga bawang merah dapat tumbuh dengan baik. Semua taraf konsentrasi agen hayati R. palustris yang diuji mampu menekan instesitas serangan penyakit bercak daun (Alternaria porri) dan penyakit lainnya pada tanaman bawang merah. Semakin besar konsentrasi R. palustris yang diaplikasikan, menunjukan intesitas serangan penyakit bercak daun semakin rendah. Hasil tertinggi bobot umbi bawang merah didapatkan dari perlakuan R. palustris pada konsentrasi 2 mL/L yaitu 29,30 kg per petak atau setara dengan 11,72 ton per hektar (lahan efektif 80%).
Keragaman dan Dominasi Serangga Nokturnal di Inkubator Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya
Authors: Ramadhan R. Arif Malik , Amalia Istia Siti , Azizah Dewi Nur , Nurhidayah Silvia
Published: September 2023

Berdasarkan aktivitasnya serangga dapat digolongkan menjadi serangga diurnal dan serangga nokturnal. Kebanyakan serangga nokturnal memiliki peranan sebagai hama yang dapat mempengaruhi kegiatan budidaya pada agroekosistem. Salah satu metode untuk memonitor, mempelajari, memprediksi, dan mengendalikan berbagai hama nokturnal dalam agroekosistem ialah dengan pemanfaatan perangkap cahaya. Pemanfaatan perangkap cahaya bertujuan untuk memonitor peranan serangga nokturnal, indeks keragaman, dan indeks dominansi di sekitaran Inkubator Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Perjuangan Tasikmalaya. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada bulan November hingga Desember 2022 dengan metode pemasangan perangkap cahaya di tiga titik berbeda dengan waktu pengamatan selama tujuh hari. Serangga yang terperangkap kemudian diidentifikasi hingga tingkat spesies kemudian dihitung jumlah populasi yang terperangkap untuk selanjutnya dihitung dingkat keragaman dan dominansinya. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan, terdapat 17 spesies serangga yang terperangkap yang memiliki perananan berbeda-beda. Sebanyak 14 spesies serangga berperan sebagai hama, 2 spesies serangga sebagai predator, dan 1 spesies serangga sebagai polinator. Berdasrakan indeks keragaman serangga yang terperangkap diketahui bahwa Inkubator fakultas memiliki indeks keragaman serangga yang sedang dengan nilai indeks keragaman secara keseluruhan sebesar H’ = 2,641 yang berarti keanekaragamannya sedang, tekanan ekologisnya sedang, dan kondisi ekosistemnya pun cukup seimbang. Berdasarkan indeks dominansi di Inkubator Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Perjuangan memiliki nilai sebesar C = 0,081 yang berarti tidak terdapat serangga yang mendominasi pada agroekosistem tersebut.
Pertumbuhan Planlet Anggrek Papilionanthe hookeriana x Vanda limbata yang Diinokulasikan Trichoderma sp. pada Fase Aklimatisasi
Authors: Ulinnuha Zulfa , Farid Noor
Published: September 2023

Anggrek termasuk dalam komoditas pertanian yang memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi. Tahap aklimatisasi merupakan tahap yang menentukan keberhasilan proses adaptasi anggrek. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk pengetahui pengaruh Trichoderma sp. terhadap daya hidup dan pertumbuhan planlet pada tahap aklimatisasi. Percobaan ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok Lengkap dengan dua faktor, yaitu dosis Trichoderma sp. dan konsentrasi bakterisida. Konsentrasi bakterisida berpengaruh terhadap persentase hidup planlet. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi bakterisida 3 g/L dapat meningkatkan persentase hidup planlet hingga 87,50%. Dosis Trichoderma sp. 2,50 g berpengaruh pada peningkatan tinggi tanaman hingga 9,77 cm. Namun, dosis Trichoderma sp. dan bakterisida tidak berpengaruh terhadap jumlah akar, panjang akar, jumlah daun, dan bobot basah tanaman.
PENGARUH KEBIJAKAN DIVIDEN, LEVERAGE DAN EARNING VOLATILITY TERHADAP VOLATILITAS HARGA SAHAM PADA PERUSAHAAN YANG TERDAFTAR DALAM INDEKS LQ45
Authors: Artati Dwi , Laeli Wahyuni Siti
Published: September 2023

This research aims to find out the effect of Return on Assets (ROA), Earning Per Share (EPS), Current Ratio (CR), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) on the return of stocks with inflation as moderation variables in manufacturing companies of metal sub-sectors and the like listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population used in this study is metal sub-sector manufacturing companies and the like listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2016-2020 with a total of 17 companies. The sampling method in this study is a purposive sampling method with the acquisition of the number of samples as many as 15 companies so as to produce data amounting to 75. The analytical techniques used are classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression test, hypothesis tests, and residual tests with the SPSS 25 program. The results showed that Return on Assets (ROA), Current Ratio (CR), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) had no effect on stock returns, Earnings Per Share (EPS) negatively affected stock returns, and inflation could not moderate the relationship of Return on Assets (ROA), Earning Per Share (EPS), Current Ratio (CR), and Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) to return on shares.
STRATEGI KEPUTUSAN PENDANAAN UNTUK PENINGKATAN KINERJA KEUANGAN UMKM KULINER BERBASIS PRODUK LOKAL
Authors: Tri Yusnita Rita , Wahyu Fitriadi Budhi , Peni Jaelani Agus
Published: September 2023

Financial strategy is one of the company's functional strategies that aims to provide sufficient financial structure and funds to achieve company goals, and this is related to financing decisions. This study aims to determine the effect of capital structure and liquidity policies on profit growth and their impact on the financial performance of culinary MSMEs based on local raw materials in the city of Tasikmalaya. Data were taken from 33 samples of MSMEs using purposive sampling technique. Data were analyzed using multiple regression and linear regression analysis methods. The results of the descriptive analysis showed that the capital structure, liquidity, profit growth, and financial performance were in a fairly good category. The results showed that the capital structure and liquidity, either simultaneously or partially, had a positive and significant effect on the profit growth of culinary SMEs based on local raw materials in the city of Tasikmalaya. The results also showed that profit growth had a positive and significant impact on the financial performance of culinary MSMEs based on local raw materials in the city of Tasikmalaya. The results of this study indicated that MSMEs are quite successful in implementing financial strategies related to optimal capital structure policies and maintaining adequate levels of liquidity so that profit growth occurs, where profit growth can ultimately improve MSME financial performance.
Keywords: capital structure, liquidity, profit growth, financial performance.
Post-tonsillectomy bleeding: The effect of surgical experience
Authors: ÖZDAŞ Talih , BAYAR MULUK Nuray , DELİBAŞ Vedat , DERİCİ Mustafa Çağrı , ERKAN Sanem Okşan , TUHANİOĞLU Birgül , GÖRGÜLÜ Orhan , ARIKAN Osman Kürşat
Published: September 2023

Aim: We aimed to discuss and investigate the relationship between the surgeon's experience and post-tonsillectomy bleeding (PTB) in the light of the literature.

Methods: The retrospective data was obtained from 280 patients who underwent tonsillectomy (32 PTB and 248 no-PTB) operated by residents or consultant surgeons.

Results: The overall bleeding rate after tonsillectomy was 11.43% (32/280). The bleeding rate was 14.3% in the
Effect of Aloe Vera On Mmp-1 And Timp-1 Expression on Diabetic Wound Healing
Authors: SEYREK Rohlat , SOKER Sevda , KAPLAN Özge , ÖZDEMİR BAŞARAN Süreyya , AŞIR Fırat , DEVECİ Engin , ŞEKER Uğur
Published: September 2023

Aim: The aim of this study is to investigate the healing aspect of aloe vera in diabetes mellitus, which inhibits wound healing.

Methods: Diabetes model was created with streptozotocin. At the end of the 14-day experiment, blood glucose was measured from the tail vein of animals in all groups and blood was taken from the heart and sacrificed. Histopathology and immunohistochemical statistics and evaluation were performed.

Results: Pycnosis and degeneration of epithelial cells were observed in diabetes groups. Leukocyte infiltration in the dermal papilla, degeneration of collagen fibers and an increase in the extracellular matrix were observed. It was observed that the epithelial layer in the aloe vera group was histologically close to the control group. It was observed that decreased inflammation in the dermal papilla and decreased in organized collagen fibers and vessel dilatation were observed. In the control group, MMP-1 and TIMP-1 expression were positive in the epidermis and dermis layers. In the diabetes group, weak expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 was observed in cells in the epidermis and dermis. The expression of MMP-1 and TIMP-1 in the surface epithelium in the aloe vera group was increased compared to the diabetes group.

Conclusions: Aloe vera accelerated cell and extracellular matrix regeneration with its anti-oxidative activity
The effect of covid-19 disease during pregnancy on newborn screening ABR results
Authors: ALAGÖZ Sedat , ARLIER Sefa , DELİBAŞ Vedat , İRDAY DEMİR Kübra , KÜÇÜKOĞLU ÇİÇEK Tuğçe , KÜKRER Sadık , ÖZDAŞ Talih
Published: September 2023

Objective: In our study, it was aimed to compare the newborn screening ABR (Auditory Brainstem Responses, AABR) results of babies of mothers who had COVID-19 disease during pregnancy and babies of mothers who did not have COVID-19 disease.

Methods: Newborns who underwent hearing screening tests in …. Hospital Audiology Unit between April 2019 and September 2021 were included in the study, and newborns whose mothers had COVID-19 disease during pregnancy were called Group 1, and those who did not have were called Group 2. Statistical difference was studied by comparing these two groups by their birth weight, week of birth, type of delivery, first hearing test result, and referral to a reference center.

Results: A total of 746 newborn babies, 472/746 (63.3%) female and 274/746 (36.7%) males, were included in our study. There were 202/746 (27.1%) newborns in Group 1 and 544/746 (72.9%) newborns in Group 2. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of testing age (p>0.05). When the right and left ears were evaluated separately in two groups in terms of passing the first test; no statistically significant difference was found in terms of passing the hearing test for the right and left ears, respectively (p=0.234, p=0.15). There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of birth weight and referral to a reference center (p>0.05), (p=0.775).

Conclusion: The COVID-19 disease of the mother during pregnancy does not affect the newborn hearing screening results.
Effect of Concomitant and Adjuvant Temozolomide on Prognosis and Survival in Glioblastoma Multiforme
Authors: SEZER Can , AÇIKALIN Rıdvan , BİLGİN Emre , ERMAN Tahsin , SEZER Aykut , GEZGİN İnan , YAVUZ Servet
Published: September 2023

Objective: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common malignant primary brain tumor in adults. The most common problem in the follow-up after GBM treatment is the lack of local control. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Temozolomide (TMZ) in cases who received post-surgical radiotherapy and TMZ treatment in GBM compared to cases who received only radiotherapy treatment after surgery.
Materials and Methods: The cases diagnosed with GBM were divided into two groups. The first group was divided into cases that received only radiotherapy after surgery, and the second group (combined treatment group) was divided into cases that received post-surgical radiotherapy and TMZ treatment. 28 cases who received radiotherapy and TMZ treatment after surgery and 26 cases who received only radiotherapy after surgery were included in the study. Local fractionated radiotherapy (60 Gy total dose: 2 Gyx5 days/week for 6 weeks) was applied to all cases. Only in the second group, 75 mg/m2/day 7 days/week orally, 200 mg/m2/day 5 days as monotherapy for 6 weeks, and six cycles of TMZ every 28 days were administered concomitantly. In addition to the effect of TMZ on prognosis and survival, the effects of age, gender, and resection size on progression-free survival (PSS) and overall survival (GSS) were evaluated in both groups.
Results: There was no statistically significant benefit in terms of both PFS and OS in both groups for age and gender, a statistically significant benefit was found for resection size (total-subtotal). At the end of the study, PFS was 14 months in the combined treatment group and 6 months in the radiotherapy alone group (P<0.0001). OS was 16 months in the combined treatment group and 12.5 months in the radiotherapy alone group (P=0.0354).
Conclusion: Combined (RT + TMZ) treatment after total surgical treatment was found to be more effective on prognosis and survival than radiotherapy alone.