bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An experimental implication of long‐term hot‐wet‐aged carbon fiber/polyether ketone ketone composites: The impact of automated fiber placement process parameters and process‐induced defects
Authors: Sukur Emine Feyza , Elmas Sinem , Eskizeybek Volkan , Sas Hatice S. , Yildiz Mehmet
Published: May 2023

During the service life of aerospace‐grade composites, process parameters and process‐induced defects may become crucial. Most studies in this field have mainly focused on the relationship between process‐induced defects and mechanical performance. However, the potential impact of process parameters and process‐induced defects on the service life of composites serving under severe service conditions has received little attention. In this work, the effects of hydrothermal conditioning on the mechanical performance of carbon fiber/polyether ketone ketone (CF/PEKK) composites are examined, along with the correlation between automated fiber placement (AFP) process parameters and process‐induced defects. For this, gap and overlap defects integrated CF/PEKK laminates were exposed to a long‐term (90 days) hot‐wet aging environment to simulate the actual service conditions. Defect‐induced composite samples reached saturation point at the end of 30 days with a mass gain of 0.2 wt%. The aging process resulted in an increase in the degree of crystallization by almost 14% without a change in the chemical structure, indicating the postcrystallization of the PEKK matrix. Even though the thermo‐mechanical performance diminished (~25%) with the aging process, storage modulus was slightly affected by process parameters and process‐induced defects. Considering the flexural and shear test results after the aging process, the impact of gap and overlap defects on the service life of AFP composites can be minimized with higher compaction forces (600 N) and lower lay‐up speeds (0.1 m/s).
Fabrication and processing of bacterial cellulose/silver nanowire composites as transparent, conductive, and flexible films for optoelectronic applications
Authors: Gounden Denisha , Pillay Michael N. , Moodley Vashen , Nombona Nolwazi , van Zyl Werner E.
Published: May 2023

This work reports on the engineering and fabrication of transparent, conductive, and flexible films made as a composite of bacterial cellulose microfibers (BMF), a polymer (either PVA or PEO), and silver nanowires (AgNWs) as viable and cost‐effective replacements to commercial indium‐tin oxide (ITO) and fluorine‐doped tin oxide (FTO) transparent conductors. The studies conducted indicate that the optical and mechanical properties of BMF‐polymer substrates are tuneable by varying the ratio of BMF to polymer. An optimized ratio of 70:30 of BMF to polymer was established for BMF‐PVA and BMF‐PEO composites. The optimized composite films were coated with varying amounts of AgNWs. As the AgNW loading increased, the deposition density of AgNW networks increased, while the sheet resistance and optical transmittance decreased. The optimum AgNW loading was determined at 0.20 mg for both composite films. The BMF‐PVA‐AgNW film displayed transmittance between 81% and 71% and an average resistivity of 9.462 ± 0.588 Ω/sq while the BMF‐PEO‐AgNW films showed transmittance between 73% and 65% and an average resistivity of 9.388 ± 0.1.375 Ω/sq. These properties compared well to that of commercial ITO and FTO glass substrates. The findings promote cellulose‐based composites as low‐cost, lightweight, and durable substrates for optoelectronic applications.
Combined treatment of high‐intensity interval training with neural stem cell generation on contusive model of spinal cord injury in rats
Authors: Keikhaei Reza , Abdi Elahe , Darvishi Marzieh , Ghotbeddin Zohreh , Hamidabadi Hatef Ghasemi
Published: May 2023

Introduction

Spinal cord injury (SCI) leads to inflammation, axonal degeneration, and gliosis. A combined treatment of exercise and neural stem cells (NSC) has been proposed to improve neural repair. This study evaluated a combined treatment of high‐intensity interval training (HIIT) with NSC generation from adipose‐derived stem cells (ADSCs) on a contusive model of SCI in rats.

Materials and Methods

In vitro, rat ADSCs were isolated from the perinephric regions of Sprague–Dawley rats using enzymatic digestion. The ADSCs were transdifferentiated into neurospheres using B27, EGF, and bFGF. After production of NSC, they were labeled using green fluorescent protein (GFP). For the in vivo study, rats were divided into eight groups: control group, sham operation group, sham operation + HIIT group, sham operation + NSC group, SCI group, SCI + HIIT group, SCI + NSC group, and SCI/HIIT/NSC group. Laminectomy was carried out at the T12 level using the impactor system. HIIT was performed three times per week. To assess behavioral function, the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan (BBB) locomotor test and H‐reflex was carried out once a week for 12 weeks. We examined glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100β, and NF200 expression.

Results

NSC transplantation, HIIT and combined therapy with NSC transplantation, and the HIIT protocol improved locomotor function with decreased maximum H to maximum M reflexes (H/M ratio) and increased the Basso–Beattie–Bresnahan score.

Conclusion

Combined therapy in contused rats using the HIIT protocol and neurosphere‐derived NSC transplantation improves functional and histological outcomes.
Preclinical assessment of IRDye800CW‐labeled gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor‐targeting peptide for near infrared‐II imaging of brain malignancies
Authors: Zhang Yuan , Wang Li , Zhang Chengkai , Zhang Jingjing , Yuan Linhao , Jin Shucheng , Zhou Wenjianlong , Guan Xiudong , Kang Peng , Zhang Chuanbao , Tian Jie , Chen Xiaoyuan , Li Deling , Jia Wang
Published: May 2023

We aimed to develop a new biocompatible gastrin‐releasing peptide receptor (GRPR) targeted optical probe, IRDye800‐RM26, for fluorescence image‐guided surgery (FGS) of brain malignancies in near‐infrared window II (NIR‐II) imaging. We developed a novel GRPR targeting probe using a nine‐amino‐acid bombesin antagonist analog RM26 combined with IRDye800CW, and explored the fluorescent probe according to optical properties. Fluorescence imaging characterization in NIR‐I/II region was performed in vitro and in vivo. Following simulated NIR‐II image‐guided surgery, we obtained time‐fluorescent intensity curves and time‐signal and background ratio curves. Further, we used histological sections of brain from tumor‐beating mice model to compare imaging specificity between 5‐aminolevulinic acid (5‐ALA) and IRDye800‐RM26, and evaluated biodistribution and biocompatibility. IRDye800‐RM26 had broad emission ranging from 800 to 1200 nm, showing considerable fluorescent intensity in NIR‐II region. High‐resolution NIR‐II imaging of IRDye800‐RM26 can enhance the advantages of NIR‐I imaging. Dynamic and real time fluorescence imaging in NIR‐II region showed that the probe can be used to treat brain malignancies in mice between 12 and 24 h post injection. Its specificity in targeting glioblastoma was superior to 5‐ALA. Biodistribution analysis indicated IRDye800‐RM26 excretion in the kidney and liver. Histological and blood test analyses did not reveal acute severe toxicities in mice treated with effective dose (40 μg) of the probe for NIR‐II imaging. Because of the considerable fluorescent intensity in NIR‐II region and high spatial resolution, biocompatible and excretable IRDye800‐RM26 holds great potentials for FGS, and is essential for translation into human use.
Activation of the PERK branch of the unfolded protein response during production reduces specific productivity in CHO cells via downregulation of PDGFRa and IRE1a signaling
Authors: Castellano Brian M. , Tang Danming , Marsters Scot , Lam Cynthia , Liu Peter , Rose Christopher M. , Sandoval Wendy , Ashkenazi Avi , Snedecor Brad , Misaghi Shahram
Published: May 2023

During the course of biopharmaceutical production, heterologous protein expression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells imposes a high proteostatic burden that requires cellular adaptation. To mitigate such burden, cells utilize the unfolded protein response (UPR), which increases endoplasmic reticulum (ER) capacity to accommodate elevated rates of protein synthesis and folding. In this study, we show that during production the UPR regulates growth factor signaling to modulate growth and protein synthesis. Specifically, the protein kinase R‐like ER kinase (PERK) branch of the UPR is responsible for transcriptional down‐regulation of platelet‐derived growth factor receptor alpha (PDGFRa) and attenuation of the IRE1‐alpha (IRE1a) branch of the UPR. PERK knockout (KO) cell lines displayed reduced growth and viability due to higher rates of apoptosis despite having stabilized PDGFRa levels. Knocking out PERK in an apoptosis impaired (Bax/Bak double KO) antibody‐expressing cell line prevented apoptotic cell death and revealed that apoptosis was likely triggered by increased ER stress and reactive oxygen species levels in the PERK KO hosts. Our findings suggest that attenuation of IRE1a and PDGFRa signaling by the PERK branch of the UPR reduces ER protein folding capacity and hence specific productivity of CHO cells in order to mitigate UPR and prevent apoptotic cell death. Last, Bax/Bak/PERK triple KO CHO cell lines displayed 2–3 folds higher specific productivity and titer (up to 8 g/L), suggesting that modulation of PERK signaling during production processes can greatly improve specific productivity in CHO cells.
The impact of radiosensitivity on clinical outcomes of spinal metastases treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy
Authors: Guo Lanlan , Xu Qingqing , Ke Lixin , Wu Ziwei , Zeng Ziyi , Chen Lei , Chen Yuanyuan , Lu Lixia
Published: May 2023

Background

To evaluate the impact of radiosensitivity on outcomes of spinal metastases treated with stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) and identify the correlated prognostic factors.

Methods

The authors retrospectively reviewed the records of all patients who underwent SBRT with no prior radiation for spinal metastases between October 2015 and October 2020 at Sun Yat‐sen University Cancer Center. On the basis of radiosensitivity, patients were divided into two groups—radiosensitive and radioresistant. The endpoints included local control (LC), overall survival (OS), pain relief, and time to pain relief.

Results

A total of 259 (82.5%) patients with 451 lesions were assessable with a median follow‐up time of 10.53 months. The 1‐, 2‐, and 3‐year OS rates were 59%, 52%, and 44%, respectively. The median survival was 33.17 months. Higher Karnofsky Performance Scale score and shorter time to diagnosis of spinal metastases from primary cancer at consult predicted for better OS (p = 0.02 and p < 0.001, respectively). The presence of other metastases (p = 0.04) and pain at enrollment assessed by the Brief Pain Inventory predicted for worse OS (p = 0.01). The 6‐, 12‐, and 24‐month LC rates were 88%, 86%, and 82%, respectively. Younger age was identified for better LC and pain relief (p < 0.001 and p = 0.04, respectively). There was no variable independently associated with time to pain relief. As for toxicity, no Grade ≥3 toxicity was observed.

Conclusions

Regardless of radiosensitivity, SBRT is feasible and appears to be an effective treatment paradigm for patients with spinal metastases, with limited accepted toxicities.
Impact of the COVID‐19 pandemic on cancer healthcare utilization in southwestern China to March 2021
Authors: Li Peiyi , Zhu Yajuan , Wang Yaqiang , Liu Xiaoyu , Fang Xiang , Hou Yuanxin , Zheng Rujun , Li Junying , Zhang Bo , Chen Zhuo , Wang Chengdi , Zhu Tao , Li Weimin , Han Xuesong
Published: May 2023

Background

Oncological care has been disrupted worldwide during the COVID‐19 pandemic. We aimed to quantify the long‐term impact of the pandemic on cancer care utilization and to examine how this impact varied by sociodemographic and clinical factors in southwestern China, where the Dynamic Zero‐COVID Strategy was implemented. This strategy mainly included lockdowns, stringent testing, and travel restrictions to prevent the spread of COVID‐19.

Method

We identified 859,497 episodes of the utilization of cancer care from electronic medical records between January 1, 2019, and March 31, 2021, from the cancer center of a tertiary hospital serving an estimated population of 8.4 million in southwestern China. Changes in weekly utilization were evaluated via segmented Poisson regression across service categories, stratified by cancer type and sociodemographic factors.

Results

A sharp reduction in utilization of in‐person cancer services occurred during the first week of the pandemic outbreak in January 2020, followed by a quick rebound in February 2020. Although there were few COVID‐19 cases from March 2020 until this analysis, the recovery of most in‐person services was slow and remained incomplete as of March 31, 2021. The exceptions were outpatient radiation and surgery, which increased and exceeded pre‐pandemic levels, particularly among lung cancer patients; meanwhile, telemedicine utilization increased substantially after the onset of the pandemic. Care disruptions were most prominent for women, rural residents, uninsured, and breast cancer patients.

Conclusions

As of March 2021, despite few COVID‐19 cases, the COVID‐19 pandemic has had a strong and continuing impact on in‐person oncology care utilization in southwestern China under the Dynamic Zero‐COVID Strategy. Equitable and timely access to cancer care requires adjustment in strict policies for COVID‐19 prevention and control, as well as targeted remedies for the most vulnerable populations during and beyond the pandemic. Future studies should monitor the long‐term effects of the COVID‐19 pandemic and response strategies on cancer care and outcomes.
So curious that I want to buy it: The positive effect of queue wait on consumers' purchase intentions
Authors: Wang Tingting , Liang Shuyu , Sun Yixia
Published: May 2023

Queue wait is a prevalent daily experience, with most prior research documenting its negative consequences on consumer outcomes. Recent research has suggested otherwise, revealing potential positive effects of queue wait. However, studies on the positive queue effects are rather limited and have largely neglected the role of consumers' affective experience in driving potential favorable consumer outcomes. Expanding this stream of research, in this article, we build on the queue wait literature and the curiosity literature to propose that the presence of queue waits generates feelings of curiosity and more importantly such curious feelings influence consumers' decision‐making in fashions that enhance their purchase intentions. The boundary condition for this effect was also examined. Five studies provided empirical evidence: the presence versus absence of queue wait enhances participants' purchase intentions that carry real consequences (Study 1); this effect is mediated by participants' feelings of curiosity after accounting for quality (Study 2) or after controlling for quality (Studies 1, 3–5), and is stronger among participants with hedonic versus utilitarian consumption motivation (Studies 4 and 5). By documenting the curiosity account for the positive effect of queue wait on consumers' purchase intentions, this research adds to extant research on positive queue effects and expands the curiosity literature into the queue wait context. The observed moderating effect of hedonic versus utilitarian consumption motivation echoes with the curiosity account. Practical implications for marketers were discussed.
Identifying E3 Ligase Substrates With Quantitative Degradation Proteomics
Authors: Jordan Victoria N. , Ordureau Alban , An Heeseon
Published: May 2023

Controlled protein degradation by the ubiquitin‐proteasome pathway is critical for almost all cellular processes. E3 ubiquitin ligases are responsible for targeting proteins for ubiquitylation and subsequent proteasomal degradation with spatial and temporal precision. While studies have revealed various E3‐substrate pairs involved in distinct biological processes, the complete substrate profiles of individual E3 ligases are largely unknown. Here we report a new approach to identify substrates of an E3 ligase for proteasomal degradation using unnatural amino acid incorporation pulse‐chase proteomics (degradomics). Applying this approach, we determine the steady‐state substrates of the C‐terminal to LisH (CTLH) E3 ligase, a multi‐component complex with poorly defined substrates. By comparing the proteome degradation profiles of active and inactive CTLH‐expressing cells, we successfully identify previously known and new potential substrates of CTLH ligase. Altogether, degradomics can comprehensively identify degradation substrates of an E3 ligase, which can be adapted for other E3 ligases in various cellular contexts.
Splenic hematoma following acute pancreatitis, and the role of conservative management: A case report
Authors: Ali Zulfeqar , Karim M. Masood , Javeed Maria , Khan Qaisar Ali , Farkou Christopher , Zepeda David , Abdi Parsa , Anthony Michelle , Farkouh Matthew , Khan Arooba , Ghosh Bikona
Published: May 2023

Key clinical message

We reported a unique case in which the patient developed splenic hematoma following acute pancreatitis, the condition responded well to conservative management without any surgical intervention.

Splenic hematoma following acute pancreatitis is a rare complication that is thought to be due to the distribution of pancreatic exudates to the spleen. We presented a case of a 44‐year‐old patient with acute pancreatitis who developed a splenic hematoma. He responded well to conservative management and the hematoma was resolved.
No, it is not mutually exclusive! A case report of a girl with two genetic diagnoses: Craniofrontonasal dysplasia and pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B
Authors: Ibrahim Iman , Scriver Tara , Basalom Shuaa A.
Published: May 2023

Key Clinical Message

Multiple genetic disorders can coexist in one patient. When the phenotype is not fully explained with one diagnosis, it is recommended to perform further genetic investigations in search for coexisting second diagnosis.

Craniofrontonasal dysplasia (CFND) (MIM: 304110) is an X‐linked dominant disorder that shows paradoxically greater severity in heterozygous females than in hemizygous males. It is caused by a pathogenic variant in EFNB1. Pontocerebellar hypoplasia type 1B (PCH1B) (MIM: 614678) is an extremely rare condition with over 100 individuals reported to date. It is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in EXOSC3. This report presents the case of a girl who was diagnosed prenatally with CFND based on the findings on the prenatal imaging and the known diagnosis of CFND in her mother. She has severe global development delay that cannot be explained solely by the CFND diagnosis. Around the age of 2 years, she was diagnosed with PCH1B following whole exome sequencing (WES) testing. The objective of this study is to highlight the importance of pursuing genetic investigation if the available genetic diagnosis cannot fully explain the clinical picture. This is a case report of one patient and review of the literature. Informed consent was obtained from the parents. WES was performed by a private lab using next‐generation sequencing (NGS), DNA was sequenced on the NovaSeq 6000 using 2 × 150 bp paired‐end read. WES identified the following: homozygous pathogenic variant in EXOSC3: C.395A>C, p.ASp132Ala, maternally inherited, likely pathogenic duplication at Xq13.1 (includes EFNB1) and paternally inherited 16p11.2 duplication that is classified as a variant of uncertain significance. Perusing more extensive genetic testing like: WES is indicated if the current genetic diagnosis cannot fully explain the phenotype in a patient.
Structural Disorder of AlMg‐Oxide Phase Supporting Cu/ZnO Catalyst Improves Efficiency and Selectivity for CO2 Hydrogenation to Methanol
Authors: Mavrič Andraž , Žerjav Gregor , Belec Blaž , Roškarič Matevž , Finšgar Matjaž , Pintar Albin , Valant Matjaž
Published: May 2023

The performance of the Cu/ZnO catalyst system with the AlMg‐oxide phase is studied for CO2 hydrogenation to methanol. The catalyst is prepared by thermal treatment of the hydrotalcite phase containing intimately mixed metal cations in the hydroxide form. CuO in the presence of ZnO and disordered AlMg‐oxide phase gets easily reduced to Cu during the hydrogenation reaction. Its catalytic activity at relatively low Cu metal content (∼14 at.%) remains stable during 100 hours on stream at 260 °C with constant space‐time yield for methanol (∼1.8 gMeOH gcat−1 h−1) and high methanol selectivity (>85 %) The improved performance is attributed to the neutralization of surface acidity, increased number of weak basic sites in the disordered phase, and lower tendency for coke formation.
Extended Light Absorption and Improved Charge Separation by Protonation of the Organic Ligand in a Bismuth‐Based Metal‐Organic Framework
Authors: Lei Longfei , Liu Yuanyuan , Zhang Yujia , Zhang Caiyun , Li Yujie , Wang Zeyan , Wang Peng , Zheng Zhaoke , Cheng Hefeng , Dai Ying , Huang Baibiao
Published: May 2023

In this work, a new method to extend the light absorption and improve the photocatalytic activity of metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) with nitrogen‐containing ligand is reported, namely, the protonation of nitrogen. Specifically, a protonated Bi‐based MOF synthesized by a hydrothermal method (Bi‐MMTAA‐H, MMTAA=2‐mercapto‐4‐methyl‐5‐thiazoleacetic acid) displays a wider visible light absorption than Bi‐MMTAA‐R with the same single‐crystal structure, but synthesized by a reflux method. The redshifted light absorption was confirmed to be caused by the protonation of nitrogen in the thiazolyl ring in MMTAA. Moreover, this protonation also facilitates the charge separation and transfer and improves the photocatalytic activity of selective oxidation of α‐terpinene to p‐cymene. Our results provide a new idea for nitrogen‐containing Bi‐based MOFs to extend the light absorption and improve the photocatalytic performance.
Boosting Methanol‐Mediated CO2Hydrogenation into Aromatics by Synergistically Tailoring Oxygen Vacancy and Acid Site Properties of Multifunctional Catalyst
Authors: Wang Wenhang , He Ruosong , Wang Yang , Li Meng , Liu Jianxin , Liang Jiaming , Yasuda Shuhei , Liu Qiang , Wu Mingbo , Tsubaki Noritatsu
Published: May 2023

Even though the direct hydrogenation of CO2into aromatics has been realized via a methanol‐mediated pathway and multifunctional catalyst, few works have been focused on the simultaneously rational design of each component in multifunctional catalyst to improve the performance. Also, the structure‐function relationship between aromatics synthesis performance and the different catalytic components (reducible metal oxide and acidic zeolite) has been rarely investigated. Herein, we increase the oxygen vacancy (Ov) density in reducible Cr2O3by sequential carbonization and oxidation (SCO) treatments of Cr‐based metal–organic frameworks. Thanks to the enriched Ov, Cr2O3‐based catalyst affords high methanol selectivity of 98.1 % (without CO) at a CO2conversion of 16.8 % under high reaction temperature (350 °C). Furthermore, after combining with the acidic zeolite H‐ZSM‐5, the multifunctional catalyst realizes the direct conversion of CO2into aromatics with conversion and selectivity as high as 25.4 % and 80.1 % (without CO), respectively. The property of acid site in H‐ZSM‐5, especially the Al species that located at the intersection of straight and sinusoidal channels, plays a vital role in enhancing the aromatics selectivity, which can be precisely controlled by varying the hydrothermal synthesis conditions. Our work provides a synergistic strategy to boost the aromatics synthesis performance from CO2hydrogenation.
DNA Processor Modules Enabled Pattern Recognition of Extracellular Vesicles for Facile Cancer Diagnosis†
Authors: Yang Qianyun , Wang Ruiyan , Wu Kun , Li Di
Published: May 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carry rich protein and nucleic acid information of host cells, thus, they are considered to be reliable biomarkers for cancer diagnosis. However, current EVs detection relies on technical expertise that requires special equipment to readout signals that prevent its point‐of‐care testing. In this study, we propose a Pattern Recognition of Molecular in Interest on Single EVs (PROMISE) strategy for clinical EVs detection. This strategy combines an aptamer‐based DNA processor on single EVs, and a color‐rendering enzyme to provide a visual output for naked‐eyes enabled profiling. We demonstrate 100% accuracy in breast cancer discrimination. Furthermore, by utilizing thin‐layer chromatography (TLC), we achieve a simultaneous screening of two types of cancers (breast and prostate cancer) in one sample. This PROMISE strategy could serve as a versatile platform for point‐of‐care EVs diagnosis.
Patterns of recurrence in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma to inform personalized surveillance protocols
Authors: Haring Catherine T. , Kana Lulia A. , Dermody Sarah M. , Brummel Collin , McHugh Jonathan B. , Casper Keith A. , Chinn Steven B. , Malloy Kelly M. , Mierzwa Michelle , Prince Mark E. P. , Rosko Andrew J. , Shah Jennifer , Stucken Chaz L. , Shuman Andrew G. , Brenner J. Chad , Spector Matthew E. , Worden Francis P. , Swiecicki Paul L.
Published: May 2023

Background

Development of evidence‐based post‐treatment surveillance guidelines in recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (R/M HNSCC) is limited by comprehensive documentation of patterns of recurrence and metastatic spread.

Methods

A retrospective analysis of patients diagnosed with R/M HNSCC at a National Cancer Institute‐designated cancer center between 1998– 2019 was performed (n = 447). Univariate and multivariate analysis identified patterns of recurrence and predictors of survival.

Results

Median overall survival (mOS) improved over time (6.7 months in 1998–2007 to 11.8 months in 2008–2019, p = .006). Predictors of worse mOS included human papillomavirus (HPV) negativity (hazard ratio [HR], 1.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.2–2.6), high neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (HR, 2.1 [1.4–3.0], disease‐free interval (DFI) ≤6 months (HR, 1.4 [1.02–2.0]), and poor performance status (Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, ≥2; HR, 1.91.1–3.4). In this cohort, 50.6% of recurrences occurred within 6 months of treatment completion, 72.5% occurred within 1 year, and 88.6% occurred within 2 years. Metachronous distant metastases were more likely to occur in patients with HPV‐positive disease (odds ratio [OR], 2.3 [1.4–4.0]), DFI >6 months (OR, 2.4 [1.5–4.0]), and body mass index ≥30 (OR, 2.3 [1.1–4.8]). Oligometastatic disease treated with local ablative therapy was associated with improved survival over polymetastatic disease (HR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.24–0.55).

Conclusion

These data regarding patterns of distant metastasis in HNSCC support the clinical utility of early detection of recurrence. Patterns of recurrence in this population can be used to inform individualized surveillance programs as well as to risk‐stratify eligible patients for clinical trials.

Plain Language Summary

After treatment for head and neck cancer (HNC), patients are at risk of recurrence at prior sites of disease or at distant sites in the body.

This study includes a large group of patients with recurrent or metastatic HNC and examines factors associated with survival outcomes and recurrence patterns.

Patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)‐positive HNC have good survival outcomes, but if they recur, this may be in distant regions of the body and may occur later than HPV‐negative patients.

These data argue for personalized follow‐up schedules for patients with HNC, perhaps incorporating imaging studies or novel blood tests.
The prognostic role of mitotic rate in cutaneous malignant melanoma: Evidence from a multicenter study on behalf of the Italian Melanoma Intergroup
Authors: Patuzzo Roberto , Mattavelli Ilaria , Gallino Gianfranco , Galeone Carlotta , Valeri Barbara , Mocellin Simone , Del Fiore Paolo , Ribero Simone , Mandalà Mario , Tauceri Francesca , Lombardo Maurizio , Maurichi Andrea ,   Italian Melanoma Intergroup
Published: May 2023

Background

This study aimed to improve the understanding of the prognostic value of tumor mitotic rate (TMR) in cutaneous melanoma and assessed its significance as a predictor for overall, melanoma‐specific, and recurrence‐free survival.

Patients and Methods

This is a retrospective multicenter Italian cohort study of 13,016 patients diagnosed with and treated for invasive primary melanoma between 2005 and 2020 with median follow‐up of 5.5 years. The survival probability was assessed by Kaplan–Meier method, hazard ratios (HRs), and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI) of all‐cause mortality and recurrence/death by multivariable Cox proportional hazards models.

Results

Higher dermal mitoses number was associated with decreased overall survival. Among patients with TMR 0/mm2, 1/mm2, 2/mm2–3/mm2, 4/mm2–10/mm2, and >10/mm2, 5‐year overall survival (OS) was 97.3%, 93.6%, 88.3%, 73.0%, and 60.9%, respectively. In multivariate analyses, compared to TMR of 0/mm2, HRs for all‐cause mortality were 1.35 (95% CI, 1.08–1.68), 1.70 (95% CI, 1.40–2.07), 2.04 (95% CI, 1.67–2.49), and 2.39 (95% CI, 1.90–3.00) for 1 mitoses/mm2, 2 mitoses/mm2–3 mitoses/mm2, 4 mitoses/mm2–10 mitoses/mm2, and >10 mitoses/mm2, respectively. A similar increase in risks was observed in melanoma‐specific survival (MSS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). The HRs for MSS and RFS for the highest compared to the lowest TMR category were 3.01 (95% CI, 2.20–4.11) and 2.26 (95% CI, 1.88–2.73), respectively. Sentinel lymph‐node biopsy positivity was significantly associated with TMR increase even with adjustment for several potential confounders.

Conclusions

A clear association was demonstrated between an increasing TMR and decreased OS, MSS, and RFS, suggesting a reconsideration of TMR prognostic role for future inclusion in the melanoma staging system.

Plain Language Summary

The 8th American Joint Committee on Cancer for melanoma staging removed tumor mitotic rate (TMR) from the staging criteria for T1 melanomas, giving way to ulceration and tumor thickness as stronger prognostic predictors.

However, it is still recommended that TMR should be assessed and recorded in all primary invasive melanomas.

In a large retrospective multicenter study on primary invasive melanomas, we investigated the prognostic value of TMR to assess its significance as survival predictor.

Our results showed a clear association between increasing TMR and decreased patients' survival, suggesting that TMR should be considered for inclusion in the melanoma staging system.
The effect of thoracic dimensions on compression depth during cardiopulmonary resuscitation
Authors: Moradicheghamahi Jafar , Fortuny Gerard , López Josep M. , Puigjaner Dolors , Herrero Joan , Azeli Youcef
Published: May 2023

The effect of the dimensions of the thoracic cage on the resuscitation outcome of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) maneuvers has long been debated. In this study, the effect of changes in the rib cage dimensions on the achieved compression depth was investigated using finite element simulations. A total of 216 different rib cage geometry models were considered and, in each case, the result of applying different levels of compression force up to 600 N were simulated. The Haller Index of the rib cage is defined as the ratio of the transverse diameter and the antero‐posterior diameter. Our results suggest that, with a fixed level of compression force, performing CPR on rib cages having a low Haller Index and/or a larger height leads to compression depths below the average. Alternatively, if a target compression depth is set for CPR, in general a lower compression force would be required for individuals with higher Haller Index and/or lower chest height. In addition, present results indicate that wider chested individuals will experience lower stress levels on their ribs to achieve the required CPR target depth. Moreover, in the present study we propose predictive models, based on anthropometric parameters, for compression depth and rib stress during chest compressions. In particular, the model suggests that in future correlations of empirical CPR data the patients' Haller index and vertical (sagittal) cross‐area are the best parameters to be used as independent variables in a fit.
Good to know – This is PPIE! Development of a training tool for public and patient involvement and engagement in pediatric oncological research
Authors: Weiler‐Wichtl Liesa Josephine , Leiss Ulrike , Gojo Johannes , Kienesberger Anita , Hansl Rita , Hopfgartner Maximilian , Schneider Carina
Published: May 2023

Background

Public and Patient Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) in research is still a poorly understood and infrequently practiced concept, although the literature stresses clear benefits for quality of care and research as well as patient satisfaction and empowerment.

Aim

The presently described project aimed at using different PPIE methods to evaluate the current state of knowledge about and attitude toward PPIE in research among different stakeholders of pediatric oncology in Europe. Based on the findings a tailored training tool directed toward the different stakeholders will be designed.

Methods and Results

An interdisciplinary steering group developed a mixed‐method 3‐stage process to (1) investigate the current knowledge and attitudes about PPIE using a Europe‐wide cross‐sectional online survey directed toward health care professionals (n = 134) and the patient group (patients, survivors, family members, …) (n = 168). The results were analyzed quantitatively, focusing on group comparisons (t‐tests, X2 tests). (2) In a live workshop with n = 36 participants (HCPs and patient group) dual moderation teams (HCPs and patient experts) guided the exploration of effective ways for practicing PPIE. Despite classifying PPIE as relevant, both HCPs and patients indicated a low level of knowledge about the concept and terminology (patients: t(334) = −2.82, p = .004; HCPs: t(270) = −2.88, p = .004). While HCPs assumed to already be involving patients in many research areas, this was not perceived by the patient group (X2 (1, N = 304) = 42.70, p < .001). HCPs and patients named similar obstacles for implementing PPIE in research, though numerous creative solutions were found during the workshop (engagement). (3) The outcomes were integrated into a training tool (White‐Board movie).

Conclusion

Although HCPs and patients acknowledge the benefit of PPIE, the presented results highlight the lack of awareness about the concept, and the need for effective tools for researchers to integrate PPIE throughout the entire research process, thereby contributing to a sustainable change within the scientific culture.
Renewable Hydrogen Production and Storage Via Enzymatic Interconversion of CO2 and Formate with Electrochemical Cofactor Regeneration
Authors: Sapountzaki Eleftheria , Rova Ulrika , Christakopoulos Paul , Antonopoulou Io
Published: May 2023

The urgent need to reduce CO2 emissions has motivated the development of CO2 capture and utilization technologies. An emerging application is CO2 transformation into storage chemicals for clean energy carriers. Formic acid (FA), a valuable product of CO2 reduction, is an excellent hydrogen carrier. CO2 conversion to FA, followed by H2 release from FA, are conventionally chemically catalyzed. Biocatalysts offer a highly specific and less energy‐intensive alternative. CO2 conversion to formate is catalyzed by formate dehydrogenase (FDH), which usually requires a cofactor to function. Several FDHs have been incorporated in bioelectrochemical systems where formate is produced by the biocathode and the cofactor is electrochemically regenerated. H2 production from formate is also catalyzed by several microorganisms possessing either formate hydrogenlyase or hydrogen‐dependent CO2 reductase complexes. Combination of these two processes can lead to a CO2‐recycling cycle for H2 production, storage, and release with potentially lower environmental impact than conventional methods.
FGFR2 mutations promote endometrial cancer progression through dual engagement of EGFR and Notch signalling pathways
Authors: Dixit Garima , Gonzalez‐Bosquet Jesus , Skurski Joseph , Devor Eric J. , Dickerson Erin B. , Nothnick Warren B. , Issuree Priya D. , Leslie Kimberly K. , Maretzky Thorsten
Published: May 2023

Background

Mutations in the receptor tyrosine kinase gene fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2) occur at a high frequency in endometrial cancer (EC) and have been linked to advanced and recurrent disease. However, little is known about how these mutations drive carcinogenesis.

Methods

Differential transcriptomic analysis and two‐step quantitative real‐time PCR (qRT‐PCR) assays were applied to identify genes differentially expressed in two cohorts of EC patients carrying mutations in the FGFR2 gene as well as in EC cells harbouring mutations in the FGFR2. Candidate genes and target signalling pathways were investigated by qRT‐PCR assays, immunohistochemistry and bioinformatics analysis. The functional roles of differently regulated genes were analysed using in vitro and in vivo experiments, including 3D‐orthotypic co‐culture systems, cell proliferation and migration protocols, as well as colony and focus formation assays together with murine xenograft tumour models. The molecular mechanisms were examined using CRISPR/Cas9‐based loss‐of‐function and pharmacological approaches as well as luciferase reporter techniques, cell‐based ectodomain shedding assays and bioinformatics analysis.

Results

We show that common FGFR2 mutations significantly enhance the sensitivity to FGF7‐mediated activation of a disintegrin and metalloprotease (ADAM)17 and subsequent transactivation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). We further show that FGFR2 mutants trigger the activation of ADAM10‐mediated Notch signalling in an ADAM17‐dependent manner, highlighting for the first time an intimate cooperation between EGFR and Notch pathways in EC. Differential transcriptomic analysis in EC cells in a cohort of patients carrying mutations in the FGFR2 gene identified a strong association between FGFR2 mutations and increased expression of members of the Notch pathway and ErbB receptor family. Notably, FGFR2 mutants are not constitutively active but require FGF7 stimulation to reprogram Notch and EGFR pathway components, resulting in ADAM17‐dependent oncogenic growth.

Conclusions

These findings highlight a pivotal role of ADAM17 in the pathogenesis of EC and provide a compelling rationale for targeting ADAM17 protease activity in FGFR2‐driven cancers.
Interspecific coral competition does not affect the symbiosis of gall crabs (Decapoda: Cryptochiridae) and their scleractinian hosts
Authors: Bähr Susanne , van der Meij Sancia E. T. , Terraneo Tullia I. , Xu Tao , Benzoni Francesca
Published: May 2023

Coral reefs accommodate a myriad of species, many of which live in association with a host organism. Decapod crustaceans make up a large part of this associated fauna on coral reefs. Among these, cryptochirid crabs are obligately associated with scleractinian corals, in which they create dwellings where they permanently reside. These gall crabs show various levels of host specificity, with the majority of cryptochirids inhabiting a specific coral genus or species. Here, we report the first records of gall crabs living in association with two different Porites species in the Red Sea. Crescent‐shaped dwellings were observed in Porites rus and a Porites sp. in situ, and colonies with crabs were collected for further study in the laboratory. Using a combination of morphology and DNA barcoding, the crabs were identified as belonging to Opecarcinus, a genus only known to inhabit Agariciidae corals. The coral skeleton was bleached and studied under a stereo microscope, which revealed that the Porites corals overgrew adjoining agariciid Pavona colonies. We hypothesize that the gall crab originally settled on Pavona, its primary host of choice. Due to coral interspecific competition the Porites colony overgrew the adjacent Pavona colonies, resulting in a secondary and never before reported association of Opecarcinus with Porites. These findings suggest that cryptochirid crabs can adapt to the new microenvironment provided by a different coral host and survive competition for space on coral reefs.
Phenotypic divergence in an island bee population: Applying geometric morphometrics to discriminate population‐level variation in wing venation
Authors: Ostwald Madeleine M. , Thrift Charles N. , Seltmann Katja C.
Published: May 2023

Phenotypic divergence is an important consequence of restricted gene flow in insular populations. This divergence can be challenging to detect when it occurs through subtle shifts in morphological traits, particularly in traits with complex geometries, like insect wing venation. Here, we employed geometric morphometrics to assess the extent of variation in wing venation patterns across reproductively isolated populations of the social sweat bee, Halictus tripartitus. We examined wing morphology of specimens sampled from a reproductively isolated population of H. tripartitus on Santa Cruz Island (Channel Islands, Southern California). Our analysis revealed significant differentiation in wing venation in this island population relative to conspecific mainland populations. We additionally found that this population‐level variation was less pronounced than the species‐level variation in wing venation among three sympatric congeners native to the region, Halictus tripartitus, Halictus ligatus, and Halictus farinosus. Together, these results provide evidence for subtle phenotypic divergence in an island bee population. More broadly, these results emphasize the utility and potential of wing morphometrics for large‐scale assessment of insect population structure.
Predation of Daurian redstarts offspring in nest boxes by the Oriental magpie‐robin and tree sparrow
Authors: Wan Guixia , Zhao Huahua , Liu Xizhu , Wang Longwu , Liang Wei
Published: May 2023

Birds select suitable nest sites for breeding to ensure their own and offspring's survival; however, they inevitably suffer some potential predation risk. We studied the breeding ecology of Daurian redstarts (Phoenicurus auroreus) by providing nest boxes for their breeding from March to August of 2022. We recorded the predation of both Daurian redstarts eggs or nestlings by Oriental magpie‐robins (Copsychus saularis) and tree sparrow (Passer montanus). Oriental magpie‐robin were recorded attacking a feeding female adult and depredating nestlings. After the nestling predation event, the Daurian redstarts abandoned the nest. This video evidence provide a better understanding of the potential predators of cavity‐nesting birds.
Reproducibility in ecology and evolution: Minimum standards for data and code
Authors: Jenkins Gareth B. , Beckerman Andrew P. , Bellard Céline , Benítez‐López Ana , Ellison Aaron M. , Foote Christopher G. , Hufton Andrew L. , Lashley Marcus A. , Lortie Christopher J. , Ma Zhaoxue , Moore Allen J. , Narum Shawn R. , Nilsson Johan , O'Boyle Bridget , Provete Diogo B. , Razgour Orly , Rieseberg Loren , Riginos Cynthia , Santini Luca , Sibbett Benjamin , Peres‐Neto Pedro R.
Published: May 2023

We call for journals to commit to requiring open data be archived in a format that will be simple and clear for readers to understand and use. If applied consistently, these requirements will allow contributors to be acknowledged for their work through citation of open data, and facilitate scientific progress.
Using seasonal climate scenarios in the ForageAhead annual forage production model for early drought impact assessment
Authors: Poděbradská Markéta , Wylie Bruce K. , Hayes Michael J. , Bathke Deborah J. , Bayissa Yared A. , Boyte Stephen P. , Brown Jesslyn F. , Wardlow Brian D.
Published: May 2023

High interannual variability of forage production in semiarid grasslands leads to uncertainties when livestock producers make decisions, such as buying additional feed, relocating animals, or using flexible stocking. Within‐season predictions of annual forage production (i.e., yearly production) can provide specific boundaries for producers to make these decisions with more information and possibly with higher confidence. In this study, we use a recently developed forage production model, ForageAhead, that uses environmental and seasonal climate variables to estimate the annual forage production as approximated by remotely sensed vegetation data. Because, among other variables, this model uses observed summer climate data, the model output cannot be produced early enough in the year (e.g., spring months) to inform within‐season management decisions. To address this issue, we developed summer climate scenarios (e.g., extremely warm and dry and moderately cool and wet) that serve as an input in the model in combination with observed winter and spring climate data from a particular year. The summer climate scenarios used historical summer precipitation and temperature data (1950–2018) categorized into three, five, and seven percentile categories. These percentile values were then combined to represent summer climate scenarios, which were further used as the ForageAhead model input. We tested the optimal number of percentile categories to be used as the model input to obtain accurate prediction of forage production while also minimizing the number of possible temperature and precipitation combinations, which increases with the number of percentile categories. For the 19‐year period analysis (2000–2018), we also determined the most and least common scenarios that occurred in the western United States. When using five percentile categories for summer precipitation and temperature, we were able to capture the interannual variability in the spatial extent of abnormally low and high biomass production. The ForageAhead predictions captured similar spatial patterns of forage anomalies as another similar model (Grass‐Cast). This method can be made available in a user‐friendly automated system that can be used by livestock producers and rangeland managers to inform within‐season management decisions. This method can be especially valuable for flexible stocking as it provides a range of possible annual forage production scenarios by the end of May.