bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Factors associated with predoctoral and graduate dental students’ intention to care for elderly patients: A cross‐sectional study
Authors: Sharka Rayan
Published: May 2024

Objectives

Ageism among pre‐doctoral and graduate dental students may reduce their propensity to provide dental treatment to elderly patients leading to substandard healthcare for this population. This study evaluated the impact of perceived ageism constructs and geriatric dentistry education on the intention of pre‐doctoral and graduate students to provide dental care for elderly patients.

Methods

A questionnaire was applied to collect the data for this cross‐sectional study from pre‐doctoral students in their clinical years and graduate students in their internship year (N = 201). A total of 183 completed responses were received, and the response rate was 91%. Hierarchical regression analysis was performed to determine the incremental effects of perceived ageism constructs and geriatric dentistry education on the intention to provide dental care for elderly patients.

Results

Geriatric dental education (B = 0.328, t = 3.826, p < 0.001) and patients’ low compliance (B = 0.503, t = 4.658, p < 0.001) were significantly positive predictors of pre‐doctoral and graduate students’ intentions to care for elderly patients. Also, negative attitudes toward the lives of elderly people have a substantial adverse effect on the intention of care for this population (B = −0.225, t = −2.206, p = 0.029). Cronbach's alpha for the scale constructs ranged from 0.738 to 0.886.

Conclusions

Advanced geriatric training may cultivate pre‐doctoral and graduate students’ deeper understanding and recognition of the intellectual and practical benefits that might arise from offering dental care to elderly people.
Influenza A virus infection disrupts the function of syncytiotrophoblast cells and contributes to adverse pregnancy outcomes
Authors: Wang Jiao , Liu Wenyu , Zhuang Yichao , Yang Jiaxin , Zhao Yetian , Hong Aihui , Du Jingjing , Kong Huihui , Wang Jingfei , Jiang Yongping , Wang Yan
Published: May 2024

Pregnancy heightens susceptibility to influenza A virus (IAV) infection, thereby increasing the risk of severe pneumonia and maternal mortality. It also raises the chances of adverse outcomes in offspring, such as fetal growth restriction, preterm birth, miscarriage, and stillbirth in offsprings. However, the underlying mechanisms behind these effects remain largely unknown. Syncytiotrophoblast cells, crucial in forming the placental barrier, nutrient exchange and hormone secretion, have not been extensively studied for their responses to IAV. In our experiment, we used Forskolin‐treated BeWo cells to mimic syncytiotrophoblast cells in vitro, and infected them with H1N1, H5N1 and H7N9 virus stains. Our results showed that syncytiotrophoblast cells, with their higher intensity of sialic acid receptors, strongly support IAV infection and replication. Notably, high‐dose viral infection and prolonged exposure resulted in a significant decrease in fusion index, as well as gene and protein expression levels associated with trophoblast differentiation, β‐human chorionic gonadotropin secretion, estrogen and progesterone biosynthesis, and nutrient transport. In pregnant BALB/c mice infected with the H1N1 virus, we observed significant decreases in trophoblast differentiation and hormone secretion gene expression levels. IAV infection also resulted in preterm labor, fetal growth restriction, and increased maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. Our findings indicate that IAV infection in syncytiotrophoblastic cells can result in adverse pregnancy outcomes by altering trophoblast differentiation, suppressing of β‐hCG secretion, and disrupting placental barrier function.
Trends in intraseasonal temperature variability in Europe: Comparison of station data with gridded data and reanalyses
Authors: Krauskopf Tomáš , Huth Radan
Published: May 2024

Trends in temperature variability are often referred to have higher effect on temperature extremes than trends in the mean. We investigate trends in three complementary measures of intraseasonal temperature variability: (a) standard deviation of mean daily temperature (SD), (b) mean absolute value of day‐to‐day temperature change (DTD) and (c) 1‐day lagged temporal autocorrelation of temperature (LAG). It is a well‐established fact that different types of data (station, gridded, reanalyses) provide different temperature characteristics and particularly their trends. Moreover, we have uncovered that trends in measures of variability are considerably sensitive to data inhomogeneities. Therefore, we use five different datasets, one station based (ECA&D), one gridded (EOBS) and three reanalyses (JRA‐55, NCEP/NCAR, 20CR), and compare them. The period from 1961 to 2014 where all datasets overlap is examined, and the linear regression method is utilized to calculate trends of investigated measures in summer and winter. Intraseasonal temperature variability tends to decrease in winter, especially in eastern and northern Europe, where trends below −7%·decade−1 are detected for all measures. Decreases in DTD and LAG (indicating increase in persistence) prevail also in summer while summer SD tends to increase. The increase in the width of temperature distribution and the simultaneous increase in persistence indicate a tendency towards the rise in the frequency of extended extreme events in summer. Unlike previous studies, our results imply that reanalyses are not the least accurate in determining trends. JRA‐55 appears to be the least diverging from other datasets, while the largest discrepancies are detected for DTD at station data.
The effects and influencing variables based on “supply‐direction‐demand” flow processing: Water provisioning services of Inner Mongolia's ecological shelters
Authors: Liu Jingya , Qin Keyu , Xie Gaodi
Published: May 2024

The ecological shelter serves a dual purpose of protecting the target ecosystem from damage and benefitting surrounding ecosystems. One important ecosystem service provided by such areas is water provisioning service, which has significant impacts on the surrounding ecosystems due to its flow characteristics. This study aimed to simulate water resources in Inner Mongolia and its surrounding watersheds in 2010 and 2015 using a simplified service path attribution networks (SPANs) model. The InVEST software was utilized to simulate water provisions, and five types of water consumption were used to calculate the total water consumption. Probability statistics with BBNs were utilized to classify variables influencing water provisioning services and calculate state probabilities under different levels of water provisioning services. The results indicated that the remaining water resources in Inner Mongolia were 3.85 × 1010 m3 in 2010 and 1.92 × 1010 m3 in 2015. Additionally, the total net outflow from Inner Mongolia was 2.37 × 1010 m3 in 2010 and 1.58 × 1010 m3 in 2015. Inner Mongolia not only supplies water resources for its own needs but also supports the surrounding areas. Key variables influencing the amount of water‐provisioning services include precipitation, level of economic development, topography, and land use. This research highlights the considerable regional and transregional effects of water provisioning services provided by Inner Mongolia's ecological shelters by delineating the “supply‐flow‐demand” pathway, addressing the spatial correlation deficiency between supply and demand in the field of ecosystem service flow research. The findings of this study, focusing on a typical ecological shelter, can serve as a reference for future research in other similar shelters.
Patient care in complex Sociotechnological ecosystems and learning health systems
Authors: Tu Shin‐Ping , Garcia Brittany , Zhu Xi , Sewell Daniel , Mishra Vimal , Matin Khalid , Dow Alan
Published: May 2024

The learning health system (LHS) model was proposed to provide real‐time, bi‐directional flow of learning using data captured in health information technology systems to deliver rapid learning in healthcare delivery. As highlighted by the landmark National Academy of Medicine report “Crossing the Quality Chasm,” the U.S. healthcare delivery industry represents complex adaptive systems, and there is an urgent need to develop innovative methods to identify efficient team structures by harnessing real‐world care delivery data found in the electronic health record (EHR). We offer a discussion surrounding the complexities of team communication and how solutions may be guided by theories such as the Multiteam System (MTS) framework and the Multitheoretical Multilevel Framework of Communication Networks. To advance healthcare delivery science and promote LHSs, our team has been building a new line of research using EHR data to study MTS in the complex real world of cancer care delivery. We are developing new network metrics to study MTSs and will be analyzing the impact of EHR communication network structures on patient outcomes. As this research leads to patient care delivery interventions/tools, healthcare leaders and healthcare professionals can effectively use health IT data to implement the most evidence‐based collaboration approaches in order to achieve the optimal LHS and patient outcomes.
Therapeutic targeting of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction in obesity: mechanisms and opportunities
Authors: Yang Zi‐Han , Chen Fang‐Zhou , Zhang Yi‐Xiang , Ou Min‐Yi , Tan Poh‐Ching , Xu Xue‐Wen , Li Qing‐Feng , Zhou Shuang‐Bai
Published: May 2024

White adipose tissue is not only a highly heterogeneous organ containing various cells, such as adipocytes, adipose stem and progenitor cells, and immune cells, but also an endocrine organ that is highly important for regulating metabolic and immune homeostasis. In individuals with obesity, dynamic cellular changes in adipose tissue result in phenotypic switching and adipose tissue dysfunction, including pathological expansion, WAT fibrosis, immune cell infiltration, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and ectopic lipid accumulation, ultimately leading to chronic low‐grade inflammation and insulin resistance. Recently, many distinct subpopulations of adipose tissue have been identified, providing new insights into the potential mechanisms of adipose dysfunction in individuals with obesity. Therefore, targeting white adipose tissue as a therapeutic agent for treating obesity and obesity‐related metabolic diseases is of great scientific interest. Here, we provide an overview of white adipose tissue remodeling in individuals with obesity including cellular changes and discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of white adipose tissue metabolic dysfunction. Currently, various studies have uncovered promising targets and strategies for obesity treatment. We also outline the potential therapeutic signaling pathways of targeting adipose tissue and summarize existing therapeutic strategies for antiobesity treatment including pharmacological approaches, lifestyle interventions, and novel therapies.
Higher education structure and firm innovation: Theoretical mechanisms and cross‐national evidence
Authors: Yu Qingmei , Liu Yanan , Shao Yihang
Published: May 2024

This paper examines the relationship between higher education structure and firm innovation. By drawing on and expanding Schumpeterian growth theory, we analyze this underlying mechanism and conduct empirical tests using a cross‐national survey database of 9,230 firms from 30 countries. The empirical results show that a higher education structure, exhibiting a heightened inclination towards fundamental disciplines such as mathematics and natural sciences (the percentage of graduates in these disciplines), is more conducive to fostering firm innovation. This innovation‐promoting effect is more noticeable in domestic and established enterprises and varies in accordance with a country's institutional conditions. This paper provides new insights into the study of the impact of higher education structure on firm innovation.
Longer term treatment needed for patients with schizophrenia
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2024

The majority of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia who were followed for over 25 years for a research study did not experience recovery or remission, according to researchers who indicated that understanding prognosis is critical to anticipating public health needs and providing care to individuals with psychotic disorders. The findings suggest that more treatment and support are needed for this population, the researchers stated.
Teens with classmates with MI more likely to be diagnosed
Authors: Canady Valerie A.
Published: May 2024

Teens who have one or more classmates with a mental disorder are more likely to be diagnosed with one themselves later in life than those who do not have any classmates with a mental disorder, according to a report in JAMA Psychiatry. The risk of a mental illness diagnosis was greatest in the first year following the diagnosis of a classmate, according to an APA (American Psychiatric Association) Psychiatric News Alert.
Bifurcation analysis of a diffusive predator–prey model with fear effect
Authors: Cao Jianzhi , Li Fang , Hao Pengmiao
Published: May 2024

In this paper, a diffusive predator–prey system with fear factor response subject to Neumann boundary conditions is considered. Bifurcations at the boundary equilibria of the corresponding ODE are confirmed by Sotomayor's theorem. Detailed bifurcation analysis shows that the reaction–diffusion system undergoes Hopf bifurcation and steady‐state bifurcation. The bifurcation direction and the stability of the bifurcating periodic solutions are also given. Finally, numerical simulation results are carried out to verify the theoretical results.
Navigator‐based motion compensation for liver BOLD measurement with five‐echo SAGE EPI and breath‐hold task
Authors: Zhang Ke , Triphan Simon M. F. , Wielpütz Mark O. , Ziener Christian H. , Ladd Mark E. , Schlemmer Heinz‐Peter , Kauczor Hans‐Ulrich , Sedlaczek Oliver , Kurz Felix T.
Published: May 2024

Purpose

The purpose of this work is to apply multi‐echo spin‐ and gradient‐echo (SAGE) echo‐planar imaging (EPI) combined with a navigator‐based (NAV) prospective motion compensation method for a quantitative liver blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) measurement with a breath‐hold (BH) task.

Methods

A five‐echo SAGE sequence was developed to quantitatively measure T2 and T2* to depict function with sufficient signal‐to‐noise ratio, spatial resolution and sensitivity to BOLD changes induced by the BH task. To account for respiratory motion, a navigator was employed in the form of a single gradient‐echo projection readout, located at the diaphragm along the inferior–superior direction. Prior to each transverse imaging slice of the spin‐echo EPI‐based readouts, navigator acquisition and fat suppression were incorporated. Motion data was obtained from the navigator and transmitted back to the sequence, allowing real‐time adjustments to slice positioning. Six healthy volunteers and three patients with liver carcinoma were included in this study. Quantitative T2 and T2* were calculated at each time point of the BH task. Parameters of t value from first‐level analysis using a general linear model and hepatovascular reactivity (HVR) of Echo1, T2 and T2* were calculated.

Results

The motion caused by respiratory activity was successfully compensated using the navigator signal. The average changes of T2 and T2* during breath‐hold were about 1% and 0.7%, respectively. With the help of NAV prospective motion compensation whole liver t values could be obtained without motion artifacts. The quantified liver T2 (34.7 ± 0.7 ms) and T2* (29 ± 1.2 ms) values agreed with values from literature. In healthy volunteers, the distribution of statistical t value and HVR was homogeneous throughout the whole liver. In patients with liver carcinoma, the distribution of t value and HVR was inhomogeneous due to metastases or therapy.

Conclusions

This study demonstrates the feasibility of using a NAV prospective motion compensation technique in conjunction with five‐echo SAGE EPI for the quantitative measurement of liver BOLD with a BH task.
Research on properties and cellular structure of nano‐CaCO3/rice‐husk fiber/polypropylene three‐phase thermoplastic microcellular foaming composites
Authors: Cai Yonghua , Liu Lian , Guo Wei , Zhao Feng , Liu Xiaorui , Zhao Jialong , Feng Tao
Published: May 2024

Microcellular foamed plant fiber composites have the advantages of low density, low cost, and biodegradability, so it has great development potential in the industry. Nevertheless, the existence of cellular structures diminishes the mechanical performance of plant fiber composites. To overcome this problem, in this study, nano‐CaCO3 was used to enhance the microcellular foamed plant fiber composites, and the three‐phase thermoplastic composites, comprised of nano‐CaCO3, rice‐husk fiber, and polypropylene (PP), were fabricated using a chemical foaming injection molding technique. The study analyzed how the nano‐CaCO3 concentration affected the melt viscosity, crystallization characteristics, mechanical properties, and cellular structure of the composites. According to the findings, the mechanical characteristics of microcellular foamed three‐phase thermoplastic composites were enhanced initially and subsequently diminished as the nano‐CaCO3 content was augmented, and obtained optimal value at 2 wt% nano‐CaCO3 content. By observing the cells of microcellular foamed three‐phase thermoplastic composites in vertical and parallel melt flow directions, it was found that the nano‐CaCO3 content of 2 wt% three‐phase thermoplastic composite had the best cellular structure.

Highlights

The role of nano‐CaCO3 in plant fiber composite materials was explored.

The relationship between the content of nano‐CaCO3 and the various properties of tri‐phasic plant fiber composite materials was demonstrated.

The mechanisms by which nano‐CaCO3 enhances plant fiber composite materials were analyzed at both macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Recycled from waste tires carbon black/high‐density polyethylene composite: Multi‐scale mechanical properties and polymer aging
Authors: Billotte Catherine , Romana Laurence , Flory Anny , Kaliaguine Serge , Ruiz Edu
Published: May 2024

This study addresses the global issue of recycling vehicle rubbish tires by a vacuum pyrolysis process, exploring a novel environmentally responsive approach for thermal decomposition and recovery of the carbon black particles contained in tires (25–30 wt%). Carbon black is typically used for its UV protection in plastics and abrasion resistance in composites and rubbers. This research aims at providing an eco‐responsible alternative to commercial carbon black of fossil origin by recycling the carbon black (rCB) from end‐of‐life tires. A particle reinforced composite material was developed containing rCB and high‐density polyethylene. For comparison purposes, an identical composite was manufactured using commercial carbon black (CB). Accelerated aging studies have been carried out on the materials. Topographic evolution of the samples with aging and oxidation kinetic of the surface and through the thickness were studied. Multiscale mechanical properties have been evaluated for a more comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in the degradation. A comparison of the different materials properties was carried out in order to highlight the various elements linked to the degradation and UV protection of materials. This work helps demonstrating the feasibility of using recycled carbon black particles from waste tires as a high‐performance filler for plastics and composites.

Highlights

Recycled carbon black (rCB) is an eco approach of revalorizing tire waste.

Vacuum pyrolysis successfully allows recovery of reusable rCB.

The rCB acts as a photon absorber, limiting degradation of HDPE.

The rCB limits the cross‐linking responsible of embrittlement of HDPE.

A critical carbonyl index of 20 marks the occurrence of cracks and degradation.
Enhancing mechanical property, thermal conductivity, and radiation stability of fluorine rubber through incorporation of hexagonal boron nitride nanosheets
Authors: Wu Zhihao , Shen Hang , Wang Yi , Jiao Limin , Chen Yizhi , Gong Xinglong , Lin Mingzhang
Published: May 2024

Fluorine rubber (FKM) stands as a pivotal sealing material extensively employed in aerospace and nuclear industries. However, its efficacy will be seriously affected by ionizing radiation. Enhancing its radiation resistance becomes imperative to uphold the stability and safety of associated equipment. This study introduced hexagonal boron nitride (h‐BN) into the FKM as radioprotective fillers through mechanical blending. The interfacial interaction between matrix and h‐BN, the mechanical performances, thermal properties, and radiation stability of composites were systematically examined. Noteworthy findings highlight the presence of robust interaction forces between h‐BN and the matrix, leading to increased crosslink density and improved mechanical properties. The tensile strength of composite with 10 phr fillers (BN/FKM‐10) increased by 30% compared to that of pure FKM. Simultaneously, the introduction of h‐BN greatly enhanced thermal conductivity and radiation stability. The absorbed dose required to achieve a 50% reduction in elongation at break of BN/FKM‐10 surpassed that of FKM by 1.69 times. These results underscore the potential of incorporating h‐BN to simultaneously enhance the mechanical performance, thermal property, and radiation resistance of fluorine rubber.

Highlights

The chemical interaction force between h‐BN and FKM was confirmed.

FKM composites tensile strength was enhanced by h‐BN as an additive crosslinker.

The incorporation of h‐BN improves FKM composites thermal conductivity.

The radiation resistance of FKM composites has been improved with h‐BN.
Maternal cell contamination in postnatal umbilical cord blood samples implies a low risk for genetic misdiagnoses
Authors: Smeekens Sanne P. , Leferink Maike. , Yntema Helger G. , Kamsteeg Erik‐Jan
Published: May 2024

Objective

Maternal cell contamination (MCC) poses a risk for misdiagnosis in prenatal genetic testing, and is examined in accredited diagnostic laboratories However, the awareness of possible MCC in perinatal/postnatal genetic testing, mainly of umbilical cord blood (CB), is lower.

Method

We investigated the rate of MCC in DNA from both umbilical CB samples and umbilical cord samples that were sent to our diagnostic laboratory for diagnostic testing between 1995 and 2021 (n = 236).

Results

MCC was detected in 4% of umbilical CB samples, and in one umbilical cord sample. Particularly tests enriching for a specific variant are very sensitive for low amounts of MCC, as we emphasize here with a false positive diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy type 1 in a newborn.

Conclusions

Overall, with appropriate collection and use, umbilical CB and umbilical cord samples are suitable for genetic testing based on the low rates of MCC and misdiagnosis. These findings do however underline the importance of routine MCC testing in umbilical CB samples and umbilical cord samples for both requesting clinicians and diagnostic genetic laboratories.
Pervaporation recovery of aniline using the degradable material poly(butylene adipate‐terephthalate): Experiment and molecular simulation
Authors: Wang Haozhe , Xu Qian , An Xiaowei , Guo Chengliang , Zhang Zhonglin , Hao Xiaogang , Du Xiao
Published: May 2024

Pervaporation has been considered a promising technique in the recovery of organic matter in low concentrations. Developing new and efficient pervaporation membrane materials remains the main challenge. In this study, the biodegradable poly (butylene adipate‐terephthalate) (PBAT) membrane was used to recover aniline by pervaporation for the first time. The PBAT membrane showed a good pervaporation performance due to its unique affinity with aniline by the surface adsorption energy calculations. When the aniline concentration in the feed solution was 0.4 wt%, the separation factor of the PBAT membrane exceeded 80. Besides, the results showed that the flux rose with the aniline concentration increasing, which was because of the incremental free volume of PBAT membrane. Moreover, the H‐bond length between aniline and PBAT (1.947 Å) was shorter than that between water and PBAT (2.091 Å) according to the density functional theory (DFT) calculations, which could account for the low diffusion coefficient of aniline from the result of molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In addition, PBAT membranes displayed excellent stability in pervaporation experiments of more than 80 h. It is anticipated that the PBAT membrane may have great potential in pervaporation recovery of valuable chemicals from dilute aqueous solutions.

Highlights

Biodegradable PBAT membrane was first used to recover aniline by pervaporation.

Low diffusion coefficient of aniline was further explained combining MD and DFT.

The PBAT membranes exhibited excellent performance for aniline recovery.
Capillary blood self‐collection for high‐throughput proteomics
Authors: El‐Sabawi Bassim , Huang Shi , Tanriverdi Kahraman , Perry Andrew S. , Amancherla Kaushik , Jackson Natalie , Hulsey Jenna , Freedman Jane E. , Shah Ravi , Lindman Brian R.
Published: May 2024

In this study, we sought to compare protein concentrations obtained from a high‐throughput proteomics platform (Olink) on samples collected using capillary blood self‐collection (with the Tasso+ device) versus standard venipuncture (control). Blood collection was performed on 20 volunteers, including one sample obtained via venipuncture and two via capillary blood using the Tasso+ device. Tasso+ samples were stored at 2°C–8°C for 24‐hs (Tasso‐24) or 48‐h (Tasso‐48) prior to processing to simulate shipping times from a study participant's home. Proteomics were analyzed using Olink (384 Inflammatory Panel). Tasso+ blood collection was successful in 37/40 attempts. Of 230 proteins included in our analysis, Pearson correlations (r) and mean coefficient of variation (CV) between Tasso‐24 or Tasso‐48 versus venipuncture were variable. In the Tasso‐24 analysis, 34 proteins (14.8%) had both a correlation r > 0.5 and CV < 0.20. In the Tasso‐48 analysis, 68 proteins (29.6%) had a correlation r > 0.5 and CV < 0.20. Combining the Tasso‐24 and Tasso‐48 analyses, 26 (11.3%) proteins met these thresholds. We concluded that protein concentrations from Tasso+ samples processed 24–48 h after collection demonstrated wide technical variability and variable correlation with a venipuncture gold‐standard. Use of home capillary blood self‐collection for large‐scale proteomics should be limited to select proteins with good agreement with venipuncture.
Global potential distributions and conservation status of rice wild relatives
Authors: Lin Yunan , Chen Yanqing , Wang Hao , Hong Jingpeng , Yang Ruonan , Cao Yongsheng , Yan Shen , Fang Wei
Published: May 2024

Societal Impact Statement

Rice wild relatives (RWR) provide valuable genetic resources for modern rice breeding, yet knowledge gaps constrain their conservation and further utilization. To address these gaps, the potential distributions of 22 RWR taxa were modeled, and their conservation statuses were assessed. Most taxa were identified as medium priority for further conservation. Further ex‐situ collecting hotspots are in Southeast and South Asia, Northern Australia, West Africa, and tropical Americas, while habitat protection lies in Southeast and South Asia, Northern Australia, and West Africa. Climate change may shift equatorial habitats to higher latitudes and mountain habitats to higher altitudes.

Rice wild relatives (RWR) provide valuable genetic resources for modern rice breeding. However, knowledge gaps on their geographic distributions and conservation status constrain their conservation and further utilization.

To fill these critical gaps, we modeled the potential distributions of 22 RWR taxa under current climate scenarios, assessed their conservation status, both ex situ (in genebanks or botanical gardens) and in situ (in protected areas), and examined changes in taxa richness of RWR in predicted areas under future climate scenarios.

The RWR were primarily distributed in tropical Asia to tropical Australia, tropical Africa, and South and Central America. We identified 4 out of 22 taxa as high priority (HP) for further conservation action and 18 taxa as medium priority (MP).

Hotspots requiring further collecting for ex situ conservation are concentrated in Southeast and South Asia, Northern Australia, West Africa, and tropical Americas. Meanwhile, habitat protection should be enhanced in Southeast and South Asia, Northern Australia, and West Africa. Under future climate change, suitable habitats near the equator are expected to shift toward higher latitudes and some in lower‐latitude basins may become unsuitable due to excessive heat, resulting in decreased taxa richness in these areas. Additionally, suitable habitats in high mountain areas may shift to higher altitudes, potentially augmenting taxa richness in the highlands. Our findings provide vital insights to guide future rescue conservation efforts for RWR.
Local Structure, Structural, Vibrational, and Optical Properties of Natural Zircon
Authors: Kumar Yogesh , Tripathi Shilpa , Sengupta Pranesh , Jha Shambhu Nath , Nand Mangla , Trivedi Ayushi , Sagdeo Archna , Sharma Anupam , Tiwari Manoj Kumar , Sathe Vasant G , Arya Ashok
Published: May 2024

Structural properties of Indian metamict single zircon crystals are studied by comparing their properties with those of synthetic zircon synthesized via solid‐state reaction method, which serves as the standard. X‐Ray diffraction (XRD) data reveal changes in lattice parameters and the presence of strain, metamictization, etc. It is found that the degree of crystallinity is ≈63.8% indicating the simultaneous presence of crystalline and disordered regions. These changes are likely due to the presence of several radioactive/nonradioactive elements. The presence of such elements is observed and the sample composition is analyzed through total reflection X‐Ray fluorescence. XRD crystallographic data are further utilized as input for analyzing X‐Ray absorption spectroscopy data recorded around Zr central absorbing atom. X‐Ray absorption near‐edge structure shows slight modification in the white line feature and some disorder compared to the synthetic one. Reduced coordination number observed from extended X‐Ray absorption fine structure suggests the presence of disorder in local structure. Micro‐Raman spectroscopy indicates that crystalline behavior varies across different locations, suggesting that the sample has undergone varying degrees of metamictization, confirming a nonuniform distribution of elements. The work documents and analyses structural evolution within isolated silica tetrahedron network in association of Zr4+ cation as a function of self‐irradiation and recovery over millions of years and correlating the same with optical properties.
High‐Cerium‐Content Fe–Ce–Nd–B Sintered Magnets with High Coercivity
Authors: Goll Dagmar , Boettle Marius , Buschbeck Joerg , Loeffler Ralf , Schneider Gerhard
Published: May 2024

Ce substitution of Nd in FeNdB sintered magnets is very interesting for reasons of resource efficiency, sustainability and costs. However, the magnetic properties of high Ce‐content magnets are poor. This is mainly due to the lower values of intrinsic magnetic properties of Fe14Ce2B compared to Fe14Nd2B as well as the Laves phase Fe2Ce, which is formed in the grain boundaries and forms flat aggregates for higher Ce‐content. In this article, sintered magnets with 75 at% degree of substitution of the composition Fe70.9–[(Ce1−xLax)0.75Nd0.25]18.8–B5.8–M4.5 (M = Co, Ti, Al, Ga, Cu, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3) are produced and analyzed. It is shown that a new rare earth rich grain boundary phase is formed adding La and that the Laves phase fraction can be reduced by up to 85%. With increasing La content, the remanence and Curie temperature increase and the temperature coefficient of Hc improves. A coercivity, remanence, and maximum energy density of up to μ0Hc = 0.74 T, Jr = 0.98 T, and (BH)max = 139.9 kJ m−3 have been achieved.
Identifying consistent echocardiographic thresholds for risk stratification in pulmonary arterial hypertension
Authors: Celestin Bettia E. , Bagherzadeh Shadi P. , Ichimura Kenzo , Santana Everton J. , Sanchez Pablo Amador , Tobore Tobore , Hemnes Anna R. , Vonk Noordegraaf Anton , Salerno Michael , Zamanian Roham T. , Sweatt Andrew J. , Haddad Francois
Published: May 2024

Several indices of right heart remodeling and function have been associated with survival in pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Outcome analysis and physiological relationships between variables may help develop a consistent grading system.

Patients with Group 1 PAH followed at Stanford Hospital who underwent right heart catheterization and echocardiography within 2 weeks were considered for inclusion. Echocardiographic variables included tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE), right ventricular (RV) fractional area change (RVFAC), free wall strain (RVFWS), RV dimensions, and right atrial volumes. The main outcome consisted of death or lung transplantation at 5 years. Mathematical relationships between variables were determined using weighted linear regression and severity thresholds for were calibrated to a 20% 1‐year mortality risk.

PAH patients (n = 223) had mean (SD) age of 48.1 (14.1) years, most were female (78%), with a mean pulmonary arterial pressure of 51.6 (13.8) mmHg and pulmonary vascular resistance index of 22.5(6.3) WU/m2. Measures of right heart size and function were strongly related to each other particularly RVFWS and RVFAC (R2 = 0.82, p < 0.001), whereas the relationship between TAPSE and RVFWS was weaker (R2 = 0.28, p < 0.001). Death or lung transplantation at 5 years occurred in 78 patients (35%). Guided by outcome analysis, we ascertained a uniform set of parameter thresholds for grading the severity of right heart adaptation in PAH. Using these quantitative thresholds, we, then, validated the recently reported REVEAL‐echo score (AUC 0.68, p < 0.001).

This study proposes a consistent echocardiographic grading system for right heart adaptation in PAH guided by outcome analysis.
An Investigation of Two Cu (II)‐Based Hybrid Materials: Physico‐Chemical Characterization, Theoretical Calculation and Evaluation of The Inhibitory Activities against Key Enzymes related to Diabetes and Obesity
Authors: Tababi Intissar , Mhadhbi Noureddine , Ben Ahmed Ali , Erwann Jeanneau , Hamden Khaled , Guesmi Ahlem , Boufahja Fehmi , Khezami Lotfi , Ben Hamadi Naoufel , Costantino Ferdinando , Naïli Houcine
Published: May 2024

Two complexes (C6H9N2)2[CuCl4] (1) and (C5H6N2Cl)2[CuCl4] (2) have been synthesized and characterized by single‐crystal X‐ray diffraction which revealed that these phases are centrosymmetric and crystallize, respectively, in monoclinic and triclinic symmetries. The thermal properties of both complexes are investigated as well as the UV‐Vis spectroscopic, photoluminescence properties, electronic paramagnetic resonance and biological activities. The crystal packing of the two compounds is guided by N−H⋅⋅⋅Cl hydrogen bonds and offset π–π stacking interactions; these interactions contribute to the overall stabilization of the structures as they connect anions and cations together into a three‐dimensional network. In addition, the optimized molecular structure was calculated by the Density Functional Theory (DFT) method using the B3LYP function with the LanL2DZ basis set. Subsequently, the thermal behavior was studied by TGA/DTA analyses. Moreover, the optical properties were studied using optical absorption UV‐visible and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy. The analysis of the magnetic properties is studied by electronic paramagnetic resonance (EPR). Simultaneously, compound (1) exhibits a potential inhibitory effect against the key enzymes associated with diabetes, obesity, and hyperlipidemia. It demonstrates IC50 values of 0.21 μM and 0.32 μM against α‐amylase and lipase, respectively. Consequently, it emerges as a promising candidate for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.
Nickel and Cobalt Selenite Hydrates as Broad Solar Absorbers for Enhanced Solar Water Evaporation
Authors: Taranova Anastasiia , Lushaj Edlind , Akbar Kamran , Ghedini Elena , Barroso‐Martín Isabel , Gradone Alessandro , Morandi Vittorio , Rodríguez‐Castellón Enrique , Zhu Wenliang , Moretti Elisa , Vomiero Alberto
Published: May 2024

Inorganic black materials possessing hydrophilicity are scarce but can be of great importance in areas such as solar water evaporation and solar steam generation. Herein, for the first time, transition‐metal selenite hydrates (specifically, Earth‐abundant metals Ni and Co) not only possess high solar absorbance (>96 %) in the solar spectral range (UV–vis–NIR) but also excellent hydrophilicity, which plays a key role in water transport in the solar steam generation. The hydrophilic behavior in selenite hydrates originates from trapped “water of hydration” inside its crystal lattice, which can easily form hydrogen bonds with other water molecules, facilitating water transport. Owing to the abovementioned properties, the studied selenite hydrates are tested for solar water evaporation, showing excellent water evaporation rates of 1.83 and 2.34 kg m−2 h−1 for nickel selenite hydrate and cobalt selenite hydrate, exceeding the theoretical limit of 1.47 kg m−2 h−1.
Enabling Highly Efficient Neodymium Luminescence for Near‐Infrared Phosphor‐Converted Light‐Emitting Diode Applications
Authors: Wang Kaina , Fu Jipeng , Dong Hongliang , Huang Bingyu , Liu Jinru , Tian Long , Feng Jing , Yang Chunzhen , Lou Chenjie , Xu Ligang , Sun Tianyi , Luo Huajie , Xu Shiqing , Yin Guowei , Zhang Hongjie , Tang Mingxue
Published: May 2024

Near‐infrared (NIR) phosphors have been widely used in biomedical applications based on their deep tissue penetration. However, the lack of blue‐pumped NIR phosphors with emission ranges beyond 1000 nm has greatly limited the development of NIR phosphor‐converted light‐emitting diodes (pc‐LEDs). Herein, a facile way to boost the luminescence efficiency and thermal stability by introducing the promoters of Ce3+ and Na+ into Nd3+‐doped SrS NIR phosphor is demonstrated, thus achieving light emitting at 850–1500 nm with a peak wavelength of ≈1070 nm. Through sensitization by the allowed 4f → 5d transition of Ce3+, the SrS: Nd3+ phosphors are excitable by using a commercial blue LED, attributing to the effective energy transfer between Nd3+ and Ce3+. Besides, the structural analysis and density functional theory calculations reveal the lattice distortion mechanism and geometry of doping ions contributed to the weakened thermal quenching effect and the increasing of internal quantum efficiency. The optimized NIR phosphor luminescence intensity remains at 91.8% of the initial intensity at 393 K, and the internal quantum efficiency increases to 42.8% from 31.7% of the sample without Na+ doping. The present exploration of Nd3+‐doped NIR phosphors will provide a reference for designing NIR pc‐LEDs with enhanced properties.
Removal of carcinogenic chromium(VI) from effluent of electroplating industry using adsorptive separation
Authors: Pakhale Vinod D. , Gogate Parag R.
Published: May 2024

The wastewater from an electroplating industry contains chromium VI which is highly carcinogenic at a typical level of 21.5 to 47 mg L−1 which should be reduced to acceptable value of 0.05 mg L−1 for the water to be suitable for drinking purpose. In this study, Tulsion A23 resin was applied as an adsorbent for successful removal of Cr(VI), also dealing with understanding the effect of various parameters on extent of removal of the contaminant. It was elucidated that contact time of 120 min is required for the equilibrium and the optimum pH value was 5 and the optimum resin loading was 4 g L−1 at which 97% Cr(VI) removal was observed. Different adsorption isotherm models were applied and it was elucidated that Langmuir model was the best fit with R2 as 0.99. In the case of kinetic study, pseudo‐second order model was best fitted with higher R2 value. The regeneration of the resin was performed using 3 M NaOH and it was shown that after the three cycles of regeneration, the resin showed 82% Cr(VI) removal. Overall, successful application of Tulsion A23 resin was demonstrated for the removal of Cr(VI) from real effluent for the first time.
Thrombosis induced urinary bladder rupture in a canine patient with controlled primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia
Authors: Escobar Marta , Pascual Mireia , Cloup Emilie , Esmieu Shanti , Sanchez Ferran Valls
Published: May 2024

A 7‐year‐old, female, spayed springer spaniel presented due to acute stranguria and absence of reported urination by the owner. Two weeks earlier, it had been diagnosed with primary immune‐mediated thrombocytopenia for which it was receiving prednisolone. Imaging revealed the presence of abdominal effusion and severe urinary bladder changes, compatible with cystitis and urinary bladder wall haemorrhage. A urinary bladder wall rupture at its cranioventral pole was confirmed with contrast study. Cytology of the abdominal fluid concluded septic uroabdomen. Surgical management was elected. A large urinary bladder tear was present along with multi‐focal areas of suspected necrosis. The splenic appearance was also considered abnormal. At that stage, euthanasia was elected. Histopathology revealed features suggestive of thrombosis/infarcts in the urinary bladder and spleen.
Successful fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fracture in a horse with a customised distal femoral locking plate
Authors: Pallante Marcello , Coppo Paola , Destefanis Chiara , Delmedico Nilli , Bertuglia Andrea
Published: May 2024

An 18‐month‐old Standardbred colt, referred for hock joint arthroscopy, presented a severe left forelimb lameness immediately after recovery from general anaesthesia. The horse was found in the recovery box with a ‘dropped elbow’, and it was dragging the leg. Radiographic examination of the shoulder showed a displaced avulsion fracture of the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula. A human distal femoral locking plate was customised using measurements taken from a computed tomography scan of a 2‐year‐old horse specimen. An internal fixation of the fracture was performed using the designed distal femoral locking plate. Rehabilitation techniques were passive manipulations and neuromuscular electrical stimulation. Six months post‐operatively, the horse was sound and had made a complete functional recovery. The distal femoral locking plate fitted well to the supraglenoid tubercle and scapula in the operated horse, leading to a stable fixation. The recovery time was shortened using internal fixation, which facilitated a faster return to mobility.
Entanglement entropies of an interval for the massless scalar field in the presence of a boundary
Authors: Estienne Benoit , Ikhlef Yacine , Rotaru Andrei , Tonni Erik
Published: May 2024

Abstract

We study the entanglement entropies of an interval for the massless compact boson either on the half line or on a finite segment, when either Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions are imposed. In these boundary conformal field theory models, the method of the branch point twist fields is employed to obtain analytic expressions for the two-point functions of twist operators. In the decompactification regime, these analytic predictions in the continuum are compared with the lattice numerical results in massless harmonic chains for the corresponding entanglement entropies, finding good agreement. The application of these analytic results in the context of quantum quenches is also discussed.
„Wider den nächtlichen Unfug“ – Die Bielefelder Straßenbeleuchtung von 1853 bis in die 1880er Jahre als versicherheitlichende Infrastruktur und Mittel der Selbstdisziplinierung
Authors: Franke Paul
Published: May 2024

Dieser Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Wandel von Sicherheitsbedürfnissen und technologischen Möglichkeiten im Zuge der Industrialisierung anhand der Etablierung der Bielefelder Straßenbeleuchtung im 19. Jahrhundert. Er zeigt, wie die Entwicklung von der Öl- hin zur Gaslaterne zusammenfiel mit einem veränderten Sicherheitsbedürfnis im städtischen Bürgertum. Mit den technischen Möglichkeiten der Gasbeleuchtung konnte nunmehr der nächtliche städtische Raum durchdrungen werden und dadurch einerseits marginalisierte und als Sicherheitsrisiko wahrgenommene Personengruppen sichtbar gemacht sowie auf der anderen Seite dem Licht inhärente disziplinierende Bestrebungen bei den Bürger*innen internalisiert werden. Waren die städtischen Bevölkerungen der Vormoderne und des frühen 19. Jahrhunderts Laternen noch skeptisch oder ablehnend gegenübergestanden, so war bereits Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts ihre Installation Teil von dezidiert stadtbürgerlichen Forderungen nach mehr persönlicher, ökonomischer und Verkehrssicherheit. So wandelte sich die Laterne von einem Instrument des vormodernen Sichtbarmachens zu einem Instrument beständiger Sichtbarkeit in der Moderne. Dies führte zu neuen Konfliktlinien, da die Expansion der Beleuchtung nicht so umfassend verlief wie vom Stadtbürgertum gefordert. Hier zeigt das Beispiel Bielefeld neben Wandel und Konjunkturen von Versicherheitlichungsbedürfnissen im Zuge der Industrialisierung auch, dass eine Internalisierung obrigkeitsstaatlicher Vorstellungen keinesfalls die Abwesenheit von Konflikt bedeutete. Anhand von Verwaltungsakten und Eingaben wird aus der Perspektive der Historischen Sicherheitsforschung unter Rückgriff auf Foucaults Konzept der Gouvernementalität die Geschichte der Bielefelder Straßenbeleuchtung in den Kontext eines größeren Wandels von Sicherheit, Technik und urbaner Raumgestaltung gesetzt. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Technik- und Infrastrukturgeschichte wesentlich dabei helfen, die Erkenntnisse der Historischen Sicherheitsforschung zu vertiefen und zu kontextualisieren. Techniknutzung und -erwartungen waren durch eine bisweilen prekäre Allianz verschiedener Akteursgruppen ein wesentlicher Bestandteil eines neuen Sicherheitsverständnisses als auch der sozialsegmentierten Ordnung des urbanen Raums.
Quasi-Lie Bialgebroids, Dirac Structures, and Deformations of Poisson Quasi-Nijenhuis Manifolds
Authors: do Nascimento Luiz M. , Mencattini I. , Pedroni M.
Published: May 2024

We show how to deform a Poisson quasi-Nijenhuis manifold by means of a closed 2-form. Then we interpret this procedure in the context of quasi-Lie bialgebroids, as a particular case of the so called twisting of a quasi-Lie bialgebroid. Finally, we frame our result in the setting of Courant algebroids and Dirac structures.
Households in Transition: Persistence and Change of Dwellings in the City of Old Dongola (Sudan, 14th–17th Century)
Authors: Wyżgoł Maciej
Published: May 2024

The period between the fourteenth and seventeenth centuries in Old Dongola, Sudan, marks a significant political and religious transition. The Makurian kingdom collapsed, and in the sixteenth century, the city became subordinate to the Funj Sultanate. Simultaneously, domestic architecture exhibited a high level of uniformity, with urban space dominated by two-room houses clustered in compounds with a shared courtyard. In these transformative conditions, the seeming persistence of household requires explanation. This paper examines residues of human actions, applying a multielemental analysis of domestic floors of four house compounds dated from the fourteenth to the seventeenth century. It allowed us to understand domestic space in intensive terms, as created by everyday domestic activities. The analysis of macro- and micro-residues resulted in the identification of various ways particular households engaged with domestic space. In this study, the role of heterogeneous domestic space played in the persistence and changeability of households was discussed, particularly how the striated residential units coded relations of dwellers, while the smooth open spaces had creative potential. Lastly, it is proposed that the temporality of households did not align with the temporality of the political changes in the city.