bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Control of Leafminer Larvae in Chrysanthemum, Calif., 1983
Authors: Robb K. L. , Parrella M. P.
Published: March 2022

Five insecticides were evaluated for efficacy against newly eclosed and third-stage larvae in chrysanthemums. Standardized three-leaved potted mum plants were exposed to adult leafminers 4 and 6 days before insecticide application. The test was replicated 8 times, with one mum plant per replicate. Pretreatment larval mine counts were made 4 days after exposure to adult flies. Materials were applied to the chrysanthemum plants to runoff with a 1-gal B&G pressurized sprayer, with a Spraying Systems 5003 nozzle, at 60 lb/in on 26 Jul. (24°C). Immediately before the exiting of the leaves by the larvae, the plants were cut at the base and placed on a layer of sand in individual petri dishes. The larvae were allowed to emerge from the leaves, fall to the sand and pupate. After pupation, the sand was sifted to collect the pupae, which were counted and held in 25-dram vials for adult emergence. The data were analyzed using ANOVA.
Keys Whitefly Control on Coconut Palm, Fla., 1982
Authors: Thompson C. R.
Published: March 2022

A field planting (3 m by 3-m spacing) of heavily infested, 4.5-year-old, 1.5- to 2.5-m tall ‘Malayan Dwarf coconut palms was treated 16 Oct. in Ft. Lauderdale, Fla. An RCB design with four replicates was used. Each replicate consisted of one palm. Plants were sprayed to runoff with a 1 gal sprayer. Pre- and posttreatment counts were made of second, third and fourth instars on 10 leaflets per palm.
Elm Leaf Beetle Control with Carbaryl, 1983
Authors: Brown Leland R. , Malinoski Mary K.
Published: March 2022

In the southern San Fernando Valley in Los Angeles, Calif., 64 Siberian elm parkway trees were used in a RCB experiment with four replications. The trees were on 35 city blocks within a 24-square-mile area. All treatments, except on “on demand” treatments, were applied during the week of 9 May; “on demand” treatments were applied on 30 Jun. and were in response to the first citizen complaint about beetle damage. Trunk spray in a band between 4 and 7 ft of height with a high pressure spray wand also included blackstrap molasses at 2 qt/100 gal; the intended target was larvae migrating to the ground for pupation. All treatments, except trunk spray alone, were to whole tree. All treatments were buffered to pH 6.0. Samplings were on the dates indicated. A sample from each tree of a two-tree replicate included the 10 most-distal leaves of 10 peripheral twig terminals obtained with a 10-ft pole pruner. Only data on number of larvae were transformed to log10(n + 1).
Overseeded Turfgrass Phytotoxicity Test, Florida, 1982
Authors: Reinert James A. , Augustin Bruce J.
Published: March 2022

Six insecticides commonly used for sod webworm control were evaluated for phytotoxicity to overseeded cool season turfgrasses. A portion of a ‘Tifgreen’ bermudagrass, Cynodon x megenissii, putting green had been overseeded with alternating 3-m wide bands of either ‘Sabre’ rough bluegress or ‘Medalist 7,’ a blend of perennial ryegrass cultivars. The overseeding had germinated a week before treatment and all plants were very young and tender. Treatments were assigned to each grass in a completely random design with three replicates. Each plot was 1 m . Insecticides were delivered in 1 liter of water per plot with a CO- propelled 7.6 liter sprayer. Plots were treated on 28 Dec., and observed daily for 3 weeks. Weather conditions after treatments were seasonable for Southern Florida with no extremes in rainfall or temperature. No phytotoxicity was observed on either of the overseeded grass species due to any of the chemicals and apparently either formulation of carbaryl and diazinon is safe for these overseeded grasses.
Phytotoxicity on Poinsettia, Hawaii, 1982
Authors: Hara A. H. , Mau R. F. L.
Published: March 2022

Tests were conducted on poinsettia when bracts showed color and continued to full bloom in Nov. and Dec. Plants were grown in a 1:1 mixture of volcanite (andesite-pomice mix) and wood shavings. Chemicals were applied to runoff using a compressed CO2, sprayer at 40 lb/in2. Each treatment consisted of five single plant replications for each of three cultivars. Three applications were made at IX and 2X the recommended rates at weekly intervals. Triton B-1956 was added to each treatment at a rate of 90 ml/100 gal. During the test period, maximum daily temperature ranged from 24.4 to 34.4°C and minimum night temperature were from 15.5 to 21.7°C. Plant damage was evaluated based on symptoms compared to untreated checks: 0, No damange; 1, slight damage (marketability not affected); 2, slight to moderate damage (marketability slightly reduced); 3, moderate damage (marketability reduced); 4, severe damage (unmarketable).
Phototoxicity Tests on Swedish Ivy, Massachusetts, 1983
Authors: Vittum P. J. , Mimms R. A. S.
Published: March 2022

Swedish ivy plants were treated with one of seven insecticides on 19 Jan. Plants were grown in 10-cm pots in a Peat Lite: Soil (1:1) mix. Four plants were treated for each material and rate tested, and plants were then placed randomly on a greenhouse bench. All applications except oxamyl were foliar sprays, applied to runoff with a CO2 powered sprayer delivering 38 lb/in2. Oxamyl was preweighed in the laboratory and applied with a measuring spoon.
Efficacy of Two Synthetic Pyrethroids in the Reduction of German Cockroach Field Populations, 1982
Authors: Ballard James B. , Gold Roger E.
Published: March 2022

Two aqueous 0.25% AI wettable powder suspensions of permethrin and cypermethrin were evaluated in German cockroach, Blattella qermanica (L.), infested residences. German cockroach population size was assessed in each residence prior to insecticide application and once monthly for 6 months following the single insecticide application. Assessment consisted of placing an unbaited Mr. Sticky sticky trap within each residence for one night at the following locations: under kitchen sink, adjacent to stove or refrigerator, behind toilet in each bathroom, and adjacent to furnace in homes with a basement. Cockroaches caught in traps were counted and cockroaches caught/trap/night calculated. Insecticides were applied using a banding technique with the 3.8 L B&G hand operated compressed air sprayer operated at 137.9 kPa pressure and fitted with a fan spray nozzle. Records were kept of the amount of insecticide sprayed and time required to treat each residence.
Ectiban Ear Tag Tapes and Tail Tapes for Horn Fly Control in Wyoming, 1983
Authors: Watson D. W. , Lloyd J. E. , Kumar R.
Published: March 2022

Experimental cattle were 64 yearling steers divided into three different pastures on native range near Cheyenne, Wyo. Twenty-four steers received Ectiban tail tapes, 24 received Ectiban ear tag tapes, and 16 were untreated. The tapes were made of a reinforced adhesive tape and two ampules containing a total of 0.9% technical permethrin in a gauze pad. Tail tapes were modified by the addition of extra adhesive behind the central portion. Tapes wre securely fastened around the shank of an identification ear tag or placed just above the tuft or twist of the tail. Once in place, each ampule was broken. Each animal received one tape.
Guinea Pig-Amblyomma Americanum Evaluation of Animal Systemic Acaricides, 1983
Authors: Hunt L.M.
Published: March 2022

Guinea pigs were weighed and the hair around the midsection was removed with close-shave clippers. Two capsular cages, pushed through holes in elastoplast bands, were secured to the pigs with contact cement. The first dose of candidate compound was administered subcutaneously in the top of the guinea pig’s neck 24 h after 12 starved, nymphal lone star ticks had been placed into each cage. The second and third injections were given on alternate days. An untreated guinea pig served as the control and provided data for control mortality. Doses of the active ingredient depended on guinea pig weight, compound structure and LD50. The dose selected was formulated in diethyl succinate in volumes of less than 500 μ/injection. About 4 to 6 days after the first treatment, dead ticks in the cages were removed and counted and replete ticks were removed and held to observe mortality and molt. Effectiveness of the treatment was determined by comparing the percentage of ticks that failed to ecdyse (including nymphs that detached without engorging and died) with that of ticks placed on the untreated pig.
Cotton, Laboratory Testing of Reproductive Inhibitors with The Boll Weevil 1981
Authors: Haynes Jack W. , Wright J. E. , Borkovec A. B. , DeMilo A. B.
Published: March 2022

Adult boll weevils (reared in the laboratory) were tested by dipping (4% or less in acetone solution) in the candidate chemical for 5 sec, air dried, and held at 30°C and 40 to 50% RH. Ten diet pellets were provided fresh daily for food and ovipositing. The candidate chemicals were also placed in the adult diet (0.5 or 0.25%) and fed to the newly eclosed weevils for 3 days. Eggs collected at 7 and 14 days posttreatment were divided and half held (2 weeks) for adult PI emergence. Three hundred and fourteen candidate chemicals were tested by feeding of which 13 were further tested by dipping.
Control of Peach Twig Borer, 1983
Authors: Brunner J. F. , Smith L. O.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied in a 10-year-old prune block (unknown cv). Three single-tree replications were used per treatment. All plots were sprayed to point of drip (400 to 500 gal/acre) with handguns at 400 to 500 lb/in2 . Treatments were applied 23 Mar. One posttreatment count was made 24 May by counting total wilted damaged twigs per tree.
Control of Leafhopper on Grapes, 1983
Authors: Beevers M. H. , Jahns T. R.
Published: March 2022

Treatments were applied to a population of leafhoppers in a randomized block design consisting of five vine plots and four replications per treatment. Treatments were applied with an orchard handgum operated at 150 lb/in2 at 300 gal/acre. A single application was made on 13 June, with the following environmental conditions: high 99°F, dry, few clouds, and less than 2-mph winds at any time during application. Evaluations were made by counting the number of leafhopper nymphs per 10 leaves per plot.
Citrus,

D. Abbreviatus

Control, Plymouth, Florida, 1982
Authors: Jones I. F. , Schroeder W. J.
Published: March 2022

Soil insecticides were applied to field plots (Lakeland soil) in Mar. 1982. Test plots (0.001 acre each) were arranged in a randomized complete block design with eight treatments in five blocks, and insecticides in 1 gal water per plot were applied with a sprinkling can. Insecticides were watered with an overhead irrigation system for ca. 18 h (1.9 in. of water). Soil samples (cylindrical plugs 3 in. diam and 3 in. deep) taken from each plot before treatment and at intervals through 3 months posttreatment were sifted through a #10 mesh sieve and the moisture content adjusted to 9.1% water (wt/wt). Each sample was placed in a separate bioassay chamber (4 in. high and 2 in. diam) and 100 1st instars were placed on the soil surface per chamber. Live larvae could only exit through the 80 mesh screen bottom of the chamber after moving through the soil from the surface. These were counted and the percentage of mortality (treatments) was corrected for check mortality using Abbott’s formula. Mean pretreatment mortality (not significantly different (P = 0.05) in blocks or plots) was 8.2 ± 6.9%. Chlorpyrifos and lindane were the only noncyclodienes not significantly different from Aldrin through 9 weeks or overall, respectively.
Pecan Phylloxera Control, 1983
Authors: Hall Michael J. , Shelton Richard
Published: March 2022

The study was conducted on mature Schley pecan trees approximately 40 ft. tall, located in south Bossier City, Bossier Parish, La. Test plots were set up in a randomized block design composed of three blocks, with one tree per treatment, per block. There were a total of five treatments. Insecticide applications were made on 29 Mar. using an FMC 957 speed sprayer, delivering approximately 30 gal of finished material per tree. Sampling was conducted on 17 May, following gall formation. Between the time of insecticide application and sampling a total of 4.3 in. of rainfall occurred. Twenty-four h after treatments were made .08 inches of rainfall was recorded. Sampling consisted of counting the number of phylloxera galls on each of 100 terminals per tree. Data were subjected to analysis of variance.
Aphid Control on Mississippi Pecans, 1983
Authors: Winters Stephen R. , Neel William W.
Published: March 2022

A study of the effects of several foliar and granular insecticides for the control of yellow pecan aphids was conducted on 20-year-old ‘Stuart’ pecan trees located on the Shotwell plantation at Tchula, Miss. A completely random design was used consisting of three trees per treatment. Foliar applications were made 9 Aug. and 24 Aug. with a Hypro piston pump and a 7 hp Briggs and Stratton engine, delivering approximately 12 gal of spray per tree. On 17 Mar. the granular application of Temik was applied 4 to 6 in. deep in the soil, using two Gandy boxes and four chisel plows. A prespray count on 9 Aug. indicated no significant differences in the treatments including the previously applied granular treatment. Evaluation was made by making counts on each tree by randomly choosing five terminals and counting the total number of aphids on five leaves from each terminal. Counts were made at 1 and 2-week postspray intervals. All data was subjected to analysis of variance.
Utilization of hydrogen in gas turbines: a comprehensive review
Authors: Alhuyi Nazari Mohammad , Fahim Alavi Morteza , Salem Mohamed , Assad Mamdouh El Haj
Published: March 2022

The concerns regarding the consumption of traditional fuels such as oil and coal have driven the proposals for several cleaner alternatives in recent years. Hydrogen energy is one of the most attractive alternatives for the currently used fossil fuels with several superiorities, such as zero-emission and high energy content. Hydrogen has numerous advantages compared to conventional fuels and, as such, has been employed in gas turbines (GTs) in recent years. The main benefit of using hydrogen in power generation with the GT is the considerably lower emission of greenhouse gases. The performance of the GTs using hydrogen as a fuel is influenced by several factors, including the performance of the components, the operating condition, ambient condition, etc. These factors have been investigated by several scholars and scientists in this field. In this article, studies on hydrogen-fired GTs are reviewed and their results are discussed. Furthermore, some recommendations are proposed for the upcoming works in this field.
Gelfand–Kirillov Dimensions and Associated Varieties of Highest Weight Modules
Authors: Bai Zhanqiang , Xiao Wei , Xie Xun
Published: March 2022

In this paper, we present a uniform formula of Lusztig’s $ \textbf {a}$-functions on classical Weyl groups. Then we obtain an efficient algorithm for the Gelfand–Kirillov dimensions of simple highest weight modules of classical Lie algebras, whose highest weight is not necessarily regular or integral. To deal with type $ D $, we prove an interesting property about domino tableaux associated with Weyl group elements by introducing an invariant, called the hollow tableau. As an application, the associated varieties of all the simple highest weight Harish–Chandra modules are explicitly determined, including the exceptional cases.
Mitochondrial Dysfunction Contributes to Impaired Cytokine Production of CD56bright Natural Killer Cells From Human Immunodeficiency Virus–Infected Individuals Under Effective Antiretroviral Therapy
Authors: ToVinh Michael , Hörr Gregor , Dobrikova Kristiyana , Gotter Christina , Rommel Clemens , Hoffmeister Christoph , Raabe Jan , Kaiser Kim M , Finnemann Claudia , Bischoff Jenny , Rieke Gereon J , Wilhelm Christoph , Schmitt Vanessa , Möhl Christoph , Aghabeig Mansoureh , Schwarze-Zander Carolynne , Boesecke Christoph , van Bremen Kathrin , Wasmuth Jan Christian , Strassburg Christian P , Rockstroh Jürgen K , Spengler Ulrich , Krämer Benjamin , Nattermann Jacob
Published: March 2022

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is associated with impaired natural killer (NK) cell activity, which is only incompletely restored under antiretroviral therapy. Analyzing the bioenergetics profiles of oxygen consumption, we observed that several parameters were significantly reduced in HIV+ NK cells, indicating a mitochondrial defect. Accordingly, we found HIV+ CD56bright NK cells to display a decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and mitochondrial mass. Both parameters were positively correlated with interferon gamma (IFN-γ) production of NK cells. Finally, we demonstrated that stimulation of HIV+ NK cells with MitoTEMPO, a mitochondria-targeting antioxidant, significantly improved IFN-γ production. We identified mitochondrial dysfunction as a mechanism that contributes to impaired NK cell function.
Occurrence and outcome of blood-contaminated percutaneous injuries among anesthesia practitioners: a cross-sectional study
Authors: Zbeidy Reine , Livingstone Joshua , Shatz Vadim , Raveh Yehuda , Gad Rofayda , Nicolau-Raducu Ramona , Souki Fouad G
Published: March 2022

Background

Anesthesia practitioners are at risk for percutaneous injuries by blood-contaminated needles and sharp objects that may result in the transmission of human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis viruses. Reporting these injuries is important for the early prevention and management of blood-borne infections.

Objective

To investigate the occurrence, reporting, characteristics and outcome of contaminated percutaneous injuries (CPIs) in anesthesia residents, fellows and faculty.

Method

A cross-sectional anonymous survey electronically distributed to all 214 anesthesia practitioners at a large academic multihospital-based anesthesia practice in Florida, USA.

Results

The overall response rate was 51% (110/214) (60% (50/83) for residents, 50% (8/16) for fellows and 45% (52/115) for anesthesia faculty). Fifty-nine percent (65/110) (95% confidence interval (95% CI): 5068) of participants reported having one or more CPIs during their years of anesthesia practice (residents 42% (95% CI: 2955), fellows 50% and faculty 77% (95% CI: 6688)). The number of CPIs per anesthesia practitioner who answered the survey was 0.58 for residents, 0.75 for fellows and 1.5 for faculty. Within the last 5 years, 35% (95% CI: 2644) of participants had one or more CPIs (39% of residents, 50% of fellows and 29% of faculty). CPIs in the last 5 years in faculty older than 45 years of age were 12% (3/25) compared to 44% (12/27) in faculty younger than 45 years of age.

Analyzing data from practitioners who had one CPI revealed that 70% (95% CI: 5585) reported the incident at the time of injury (residents 85%, fellows 100% and faculty 58%). Hollow-bore needles constituted 73.5% (95% CI: 5988) of injuries. As per participants’ responses, 17% (18/103) of CPIs received postexposure prophylaxis and there were zero seroconversions.

Conclusion

Based on our study results, most anesthesia practitioners will sustain a CPI during their years of practice. Despite some improvements compared to historic figures, the occurrence of CPIs continues to be high and reporting of percutaneous injuries remains suboptimal among anesthesia residents. A fifth of injuries in the perioperative setting is from an infected source and requires postexposure prophylaxis. Although no infections were reported due to CPI exposure in this study, findings underscore the need for more education and interventions to reduce occupational blood exposures in anesthesia practitioners and improve reporting.
Fidaxomicin monotherapy versus standard therapy combined with bezlotoxumab for treating patients with Clostridioides difficile infection at high risk of recurrence: a matched cohort study
Authors: Escudero-Sanchez Rosa , Muriel García Alfonso , García Fernández Sergio , Valencia Alijo Angela , Tasias Pitarch Mariona , Merino De Lucas Esperanza , Gutierrez Rojas Angela , Ramos Martínez Antonio , Salavert Lletí Miguel , Giner Livia , Ruíz Ruigomez María , García Basas Lorena , Fernández Fradejas Jorge , Olmedo Sampedrio María , Cano Yuste Angela , Díaz Pollán Beatriz , Rodríguez Hernández María Jesús , Martín Segarra Oriol , Sáez Bejar Carmen , Armiñanzas Castillo Carlos , Gutiérrez Belén , Rodríguez-Pardo Dolors , De La Torre Cisneros Julián , López Medrano Francisco , Cobo Reinoso Javier
Published: March 2022

Background

Both fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab (used in combination with an antibiotic against Clostridioides difficile) achieve reductions in recurrence rates of C. difficile infection (CDI). However, the two strategies have never been compared.

Methods

Data from two retrospective cohorts of ‘real-life’ use of fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab in combination with a standard anti-C. difficile antibiotic were used to compare the rates of recurrence of both strategies. Since the two cohorts were not identical, we used a propensity score analysis.

Results

Three hundred and two patients were included: 244 in the fidaxomicin cohort and 78 in the bezlotoxumab cohort. A history of renal failure or immunosuppression was more frequent in patients receiving bezlotoxumab (39.7% and 66.7% versus 26.6% and 38.9%; P = 0.03 and P < 0.001, respectively), but the severity and number of previous CDI episodes were similar in both cohorts. We observed that 19.3% of the patients in the fidaxomicin cohort experienced recurrence, compared with 14.1% in the bezlotoxumab cohort (OR 1.45; 95% CI 0.71–2.96; P = 0.29) but the difference remained non-significant after propensity score matching using previously defined variables (OR 1.24; 95% CI 0.50–3.07; P = 0.64). Moreover, the multivariate analysis did not show differences depending on the drug used.

Conclusions

We observed that fidaxomicin and bezlotoxumab are prescribed in similar clinical scenarios, although those treated with bezlotoxumab have greater comorbidity. The proportion of recurrences was numerically lower in those treated with bezlotoxumab, although the propensity analysis did not find significant differences between the two drugs.
The Prognostic Value of N-Terminal pro-Brain Natriuretic Peptide (NT-proBNP) in Major Burn Patients With Sepsis
Authors: Wang Yangping , Shu Ziqin , Zhu Wei , Zhou Ling , Song Huapei , Luo Gaoxing
Published: March 2022

The aim is to examine the prognostic value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with major burns and sepsis. We collected the data of major burn patients who were admitted to our department. We compared the age, sex, burn area, burn depth, length of hospitalization, and mortality rate between the sepsis group and non-sepsis group and compared NT-proBNP, procalcitonin (PCT), platelet count, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, and quick SOFA (qSOFA) score between the survivors and nonsurvivors in the sepsis group. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used in sepsis patients to evaluate the prognostic value of NT-proBNP, PCT, SOFA score, qSOFA score, etc. Kaplan–Meier survival curves were used to compare the 90-day survival curves of patients. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the risk factors that affect the prognosis of sepsis patients. There were 90 major burn patients with sepsis and 114 major burn patients without sepsis. The mortality rate for the major burn sepsis group was significantly higher than that for the non-sepsis group. The NT-proBNP level in sepsis patients in the nonsurvivor group was 2900 pg/ml, which was significantly higher than that in patients in the survivor group. Survival analysis showed that the mean survival time for the NT-proBNP >2000 pg/ml group was 15.08 days. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that NT-proBNP was an independent risk factor for mortality in burn patients with sepsis. NT-proBNP can be used as a prognostic marker in patients with major burns and sepsis.
TheSpodoptera frugiperdaHost Strains: What They Are and Why They Matter for Understanding and Controlling This Global Agricultural Pest
Authors: Nagoshi Rodney N , Meagher Robert L
Published: March 2022

Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda [J.E. Smith]) is a moth native to the Western Hemisphere where it is a major pest of corn (maize) and multiple other crops. It is now a global threat with its recent discovery and dissemination in the Eastern Hemisphere. Its broad host range is in part due to two subpopulations denoted as ‘host strains’ that differ in host plant specificity. Therefore, identifying the strains present in a location is critical to assessing what crops are at risk of infestation. However, much remains uncertain about how the strains differ and even on the fundamental issue of how they are identified. Complicating factors include the host strains are morphologically indistinguishable, the defining behavior of the strains (host plant specificity) is variable, and the existence of significant differences between geographical populations and laboratory colonies that are independent of strain identity. These factors contribute to substantial disagreements in the literature on presumptive strain differences. This paper presents a summary of strain characteristics and suggests the criteria that should be met before concluding a trait is ‘strain-specific’. The intent is to facilitate a common understanding of what the strains represent and to develop a more consistent experimental framework for studies on strain phenotypes. Evidence is summarized that supports a primary role for Z-linked genes in strain identity, which has potential implications for genetic approaches to define the strains, and we discuss the possibility that the strains arose from allopatric (rather than sympatric) speciation processes.
Palliative radiotherapy for multiple liver metastases: a retrospective analysis of 73 cases
Authors: Ito Kei , Ogoshi Yumi , Shimizuguchi Takuya
Published: March 2022

Background

Whole-liver radiotherapy for diffuse liver metastases can improve symptoms and abnormal liver-related blood data. However, whole-liver radiotherapy is uncommonly used in clinical practice in Japan. Therefore, we aimed to clarify palliative radiotherapy outcomes in Japanese patients with liver metastases.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed databases in our institution to identify patients treated with radiotherapy (8 Gy in a single fraction) for multiple liver metastases between December 2014 and April 2021. The endpoints included pain response, liver-related blood data and adverse effects. We investigated aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and albumin. The mean values at whole-liver radiotherapy and after 2–4 weeks were compared using the Wilcoxon rank-sum test.

Results

A total of 73 cases in 71 patients were included. The median clinical target volume was 2118 ml (range, 133–7867 ml). Fifty-seven patients (78%) had finished aggressive treatment at the time of radiotherapy. The median follow-up period was 6 weeks. The pain response rate was 64% (18/28). The mean values of five parameters significantly improved 2–4 weeks after radiotherapy compared to those at baseline: aspartate transaminase (118 vs. 83 U/l P < 0.01); alanine transaminase (84 vs. 61 U/l P < 0.01); lactate dehydrogenase (1351 vs. 1007 U/l P = 0.027); alkaline phosphatase (1624 vs. 1216 U/l P < 0.01) and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (663 vs. 450 U/l P = 0.037). No patients experienced radiation-induced liver disease.

Conclusions

Palliative radiotherapy is efficient and safe in Japanese patients with liver metastases. These findings will help encourage whole-liver radiotherapy use in Japan.
Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination in Reducing Subsequent Antibiotic Prescribing in Young Children Attending Australian General Practices—A Case-Control Study
Authors: Gianacas Christopher , Muscatello David , Blogg Suzanne , Kirk Martyn , McIntyre Peter , Cheng Allen , Liu Bette
Published: March 2022

Background

Vaccination against influenza may reduce antibiotic use, but data are limited and imprecise.

Methods

We conducted a case-control study using deidentified data from a large national primary care database to evaluate antibiotic prescribing changes following influenza vaccination in children 1-4 years old attending primary care in the Australian 2018 and 2019 influenza seasons. Cases were prescribed β-lactam or macrolide antibiotics during the influenza season and controls were not. Influenza vaccination was documented in the medical records. Adjusted odds ratios for antibiotic prescribing according to influenza vaccination status were estimated using generalized estimating equations, controlling for age, asthma diagnosis, other vaccinations, practice visit frequency, and attendance week.

Results

In 2018, 11 282 cases and 32 020 controls were eligible, and in 2019, 12 705 cases and 36 858 controls. Antibiotic prescriptions were less likely in vaccinated participants in 2018 (aOR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.62-0.69) and 2019 (aOR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.73-0.82) and did not vary by age, the number of GP visits, or prior prescribing of antibiotics. In the subgroup of children vaccinated in the preceding season, influenza vaccination was not associated with a reduction in antibiotic use (2018—aOR, 1.12; 95% CI, 0.90-1.39; 2019—aOR, 1.30; 95% CI, 1.16-1.46). From our estimates, potentially 100 000 antibiotic prescriptions could be avoided annually in Australia if all children in this age range were vaccinated.

Conclusions

Influenza vaccination may substantially reduce antibiotic prescribing among young children. This effect should be considered in the overall assessment of the costs and benefits of childhood influenza vaccination programs.
Impaired auxin signaling increases vein and stomatal density but reduces hydraulic efficiency and ultimately net photosynthesis
Authors: Andrade Moab T , Oliveira Leonardo A , Pereira Talitha S , Cardoso Amanda A , Batista-Silva Willian , DaMatta Fábio M , Zsögön Agustín , Martins Samuel C V
Published: March 2022

Auxins are known to regulate xylem development in plants, but their effects on water transport efficiency are poorly known. Here we used tomato plants with the diageotropica mutation (dgt), which has impaired function of a cyclophilin 1 cis–trans isomerase involved in auxin signaling, and the corresponding wild type (WT) to explore the mutation’s effects on plant hydraulics and leaf gas exchange. The xylem of the dgt mutant showed a reduced hydraulically weighted vessel diameter (Dh) (24–43%) and conduit number (25–58%) in petioles and stems, resulting in lower theoretical hydraulic conductivities (Kt); on the other hand, no changes in root Dh and Kt were observed. The measured stem and leaf hydraulic conductances of the dgt mutant were lower (up to 81%), in agreement with the Kt values; however, despite dgt and WT plants showing similar root Dh and Kt, the measured root hydraulic conductance of the dgt mutant was 75% lower. The dgt mutation increased the vein and stomatal density, which could potentially increase photosynthesis. Nevertheless, even though it had the same photosynthetic capacity as WT plants, the dgt mutant showed a photosynthetic rate c. 25% lower, coupled with a stomatal conductance reduction of 52%. These results clearly demonstrate that increases in minor vein and stomatal density only result in higher leaf gas exchange when accompanied by higher hydraulic efficiency.
Reduced Immune Response and Neutralizing Antibody Activity to the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in Patients with a History of Solid Organ Transplant
Authors: French Deborah , Ong Chui Mei , Patel Paul , Zuk Marisa , Wu Alan H B
Published: March 2022

Objective

Three SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and boosters are available. We determined whether solid organ transplant patients mounted an immune response to the vaccinations and whether the antibodies had neutralizing activity compared to healthcare worker controls and monoclonal gammopathy patients.

Methods

Remnant plasma was obtained from vaccinated solid organ transplant, allogeneic stem cell transplant, monoclonal gammopathy patients, and healthcare worker controls. Samples positive on a SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay (detects spike protein and nucleocapsid) were run on a SARS-CoV-2 in vitro neutralizing antibody assay and a nucleocapsid-specific SARS-CoV-2 IgG assay.

Results

Only 25% of solid organ transplant patients produced antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination. Of these, 90% had neutralizing activity against wild type virus, but reduced activity to the variants compared to monoclonal gammopathy patients and healthcare worker controls, particularly the delta variant, for which only 50% had neutralizing antibody activity.

Conclusion

Solid organ transplant patients should consider protecting themselves against future SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Effectiveness and safety of pneumocystis pneumonia prophylaxis for patients receiving temozolomide chemoradiotherapy
Authors: Climans Seth A , Grunfeld Eva , Mason Warren P , Chan Kelvin K W
Published: March 2022

Background

Malignant gliomas are treated with temozolomide chemoradiotherapy. Because pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) can occur in patients receiving temozolomide, the product monograph recommends PCP prophylaxis during temozolomide chemoradiotherapy. Not all neuro-oncologists follow these recommendations, though.

Methods

We performed a population-based retrospective cohort study of glioma patients undergoing temozolomide chemoradiotherapy 2005 to 2019 in Ontario, Canada. A propensity score model was used to predict the use of PCP prophylaxis. We compared the risk of PCP within 90 days of starting radiotherapy with versus without PCP prophylaxis using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). We also examined overall survival, hospitalizations, and myelosuppression.

Results

There were 3,225 patients included in the cohort (648 received antibiotics and 2,434 did not). Only 18 patients developed PCP within 90 days of therapy. The IPTW-adjusted absolute risk reduction in PCP with antibiotics was 0.0035 (95% CI, −0.0013 to 0.0083), number needed to treat: 288. Neither overall survival nor hospitalization count differed between the groups. The number needed to harm by causing grade 3/4 neutropenia was 39.

Conclusions

In regions (like Ontario) where PCP is rare, routine PCP prophylaxis with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole should not be offered, since the harms may outweigh the benefits.
Viral Load Among Vaccinated and Unvaccinated, Asymptomatic and Symptomatic Persons Infected With the SARS-CoV-2 Delta Variant
Authors: Acharya Charlotte B , Schrom John , Mitchell Anthea M , Coil David A , Marquez Carina , Rojas Susana , Wang Chung Yu , Liu Jamin , Pilarowski Genay , Solis Leslie , Georgian Elizabeth , Belafsky Sheri , Petersen Maya , DeRisi Joseph , Michelmore Richard , Havlir Diane
Published: March 2022

We found no significant difference in cycle threshold values between vaccinated and unvaccinated persons infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta, overall or stratified by symptoms. Given the substantial proportion of asymptomatic vaccine breakthrough cases with high viral levels, interventions, including masking and testing, should be considered in settings with elevated coronavirus disease 2019 transmission.
Impacts of Symptomatic HIV Infection on In-Hospital Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Outcomes:  A Population-Based Cohort Study in South Korea
Authors: Oh Tak Kyu , Jo You Hwan , Song Kyoung-Ho , Song In-Ae
Published: March 2022

Background

The impact of HIV infection on survival outcomes after in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ICPR) remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the impacts of HIV infection on both short-term and long-term outcomes after ICPR.

Methods

This nationwide, population-based cohort study used data taken from the South Korean National Health Insurance Service database. All adult (≥18 years old) patients who experienced ICPR between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2019, were included.

Results

A total of 298 676 adult patients who underwent ICPR were initially included in the analysis. Among them, 586 (0.2%) patients were assigned to the patients with symptomatic HIV infection (PWH) group, while 298 090 (99.8%) patients were assigned to the control group. After 1:10 propensity score (PS) matching, 586 patients in the PWH group and 5845 patients in the control group were included in the analysis. Logistic regression analysis after PS matching showed that the PWH group had a 20% lower live discharge rate after ICPR compared with the control group (odds ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.65–0.97; P = .024). However, Cox regression analysis after PS matching showed that the risks of 6-month survival (hazard ratio [HR], 1.01; 95% CI, 0.93–1.11; P = .768) and 1-year survival (HR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.93–1.11; P = .702) were not significantly different between the PWH and control groups.

Conclusions

Although the PWH group showed lower live discharge rates compared with the control group after ICPR, long-term survival outcomes from 6 months and 1 year were not significantly different.
Tunga penetrans causing a rapidly progressing foot ulcer in a patient with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes mellitus
Authors: Ebrahim Ashabilan A , Mpango Elisia P , Temba Joseph A , Abbas Zulfiqarali G , Mashili Fredirick L
Published: March 2022

Tungiasis is a parasitic disease resulting from infestation by a female flea Tunga penetrans. The parasites are endemic in the tropics and can infect patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Augmented by uncontrolled hyperglycemia and pre-existing neuropathy, the parasite may trigger a locally spreading inflammation, which may aggravate the trauma introduced during its extraction, leading into a rapidly progressing foot ulcer. To the best of our knowledge, no such cases in patients with type 2 diabetes have ever been published from Tanzania and likely none worldwide. This case report shows that, in diabetic patients, the wound resulting from the extraction of T. penetrans may get infected and aggravated by the ongoing inflammatory reaction, rapidly evolve into limb-threatening condition and mortality. Preventive measures are necessary and should be emphasized in patients with DM. Studies are needed to increase our understanding of the pathophysiology, proper management and sequalae of ulcers of this nature.
Pyoderma gangrenosum induced by transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation: a case report with literature review
Authors: Costescu Strachinaru Diana Isabela , De Greef Axel , Marot Liliane , Lerate Valérie , Paridaens Marie-Sophie
Published: March 2022

Pyoderma gangrenosum (PG) is one of the neutrophilic dermatosis, a heterogenous group of rare inflammatory diseases affecting the skin. It is often associated with systemic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis or hematological malignancies. Classical PG is characterized by painful ulcers with violaceous, undermined border, often developing at sites of injury because of the typical pathergy phenomenon. Because of its polymorphic presentation, misdiagnosis and delayed diagnosis are common. We present a case of PG occurring after transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) in a young female patient with ulcerative colitis. Although electric current has previously been incriminated as a trigger for PG, to the best of our knowledge this is the first case precipitated by TENS. We report a typical case of PG occurring after an unusual stimulus and highlight the challenges that the diagnosis of this relatively rare pathology poses to the clinician.
The use of Sonidegib in the adjuvant and advanced phases of Sonic Hedge Hog Mutant Medulloblastomas
Authors: Yuile Alexander K , Kastelan Marina , Lee Adrian PS , Back Michael , Drummond James , Wheeler Helen R
Published: March 2022

Medulloblastomas are rare embryonal primary brain tumours originating in the cerebellum. Most medulloblastomas arising in adults are associated with mutations in the Sonic Hedge Hog (SHH) pathway. Patient 1 was prescribed Sonidegib for recurrent metastatic SHH mutated medulloblastoma multiple lines of treatment. His leptomeningeal disease responded after 3 months of therapy. The drug was continued for a further 3 months until progressive central nervous system (CNS) and leptomeningeal disease arose. Progression free survival (PFS) from initiation of Sonidegib of 3 months was observed (overall survival 8.8 years). Patient 2 presented with un-resectable SHH mutated meduloblastoma with high risk of relapse who received 14 months of adjuvant Sonidegib. Following biopsy she was treated with chemotherapy and cranio-spinal radiotherapy, followed by 14 months of adjuvant Sonigedib. She remains free of disease over 51 months later. Both clinical scenarios are poorly described in the literature or evaluated in clinical trials with Sonidegib.
Dengue and malaria coinfection: the first case report in Nepal
Authors: Gautam Arun , Aryal Ujjwal , Bhandari Sudeep , Pradhan Saugat , Bhattarai Urza , Mishra Akshat , Sharma Sanjib Kumar
Published: March 2022

A 21-year-old male from Nepal, with a history of travel to Mumbai 2 months ago, presented with fever with chills and rigors, vomiting and multiple joint pain for 1 week. Clinical examination was noteworthy for tachycardia, hypotension and positive tourniquet test. Lab reports showed NS1-Ag positive, thrombocytopenia, lymphocytosis, transaminesemia, hyperbilirubinemia, increased urea and creatinine. He was treated for severe dengue. His laboratory parameters started improving; however, he had fever with chills and rigors daily and persistent vomiting. Repeat peripheral smear for Malaria showed schizonts and trophozoites of Plasmodium vivax. He recovered following treatment with IV fluids and injection artesunate. The presence of fever even in a critical phase of dengue, the typical rise of temperature daily, and jaundice gave a clue of coinfection with Malaria. On follow-up, after 2 weeks, he had no symptoms, and all the laboratory parameters were normal.
A huge metaplastic breast carcinoma with chest wall invasion and pulmonary metastasis: a rare case report
Authors: Kherbek Haidara , Deeb Ismaeel , Ali Haya , Halloum Mais , Alshehabi Zuheir , Ali Wassim
Published: March 2022

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a diverse group of invasive breast carcinoma, in which the neoplastic epithelium differentiates toward squamous cells or mesenchymal looking elements, including but not restricted to spindle, osseous and chondroid cells. MBC was formally considered a distinct pathological pattern by WHO classification of breast tumors in 2000. We report the case of a 49-year-old Syrian female who presented to our hospital due to a painful huge mass in her right breast. Radiographic and clinical findings were highly indicative of breast carcinoma. Therefore, a core needle biopsy was performed, and surprisingly, microscopic examination suggested the diagnosis of soft tissue sarcoma, whereas immune stains confirmed the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma. We aim to introduce a challenging case that clarifies the rarity of this tumor, and the methods we used in diagnosing, examining and treating this malignancy.
Focal-onset seizure due to left internal carotid artery dissection in the context of confounding hyperglycaemia
Authors: Moulder Zachary , Kosela Monika , Zafar M Ahtsham , Jha Abhinav , Gopal Karthik , Pandey Anmol
Published: March 2022

A 36-year-old diabetic woman presented to hospital with a seizure that started with shaking of the right hand which sequentially progressed to the entire right side of the body with associated loss of consciousness. Capillary Blood Glucose was 29 mmol/L. HbA1c was 133 mmol/L. Non-contrast computerised tomography (CT) scan of the brain was normal suggesting that the cause of her seizure was hyperglycaemia. However, Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the brain showed infarcts in the left paracentral lobule and caudate nucleus. It also identified loss of signal flow void in the intracranial segment of the left internal carotid artery (ICA) raising the suspicion for thrombosis secondary to dissection. This was later confirmed on CT angiogram. This case demonstrates how the initial CT Head was non-diagnostic. We stress the importance of taking a careful seizure history and subsequently obtaining an MRI scan to fully exclude structural pathology.
Detection of highly correlated optical and X-ray variations in SS Cygni with Tomo-e Gozen and NICER
Authors: Nishino Yohei , Kimura Mariko , Sako Shigeyuki , Beniyama Jin , Enoto Teruaki , Minezaki Takeo , Nakaniwa Nozomi , Ohsawa Ryou , Takita Satoshi , Yamada Shinya , Gendreau Keith C
Published: March 2022

We report on simultaneous optical and X-ray observations of the dwarf nova SS Cyg with Tomo-e Gozen/1.05 m Kiso Schmidt and Neutron star Interior Composition ExploreR (NICER)/International Space Station (ISS). A total of four observations were carried out in the quiescent state and highly correlated light variations between the two wavelengths were detected. We have extracted local brightness peaks in the light curves with a binning interval of 1 s, called “shots,” and have evaluated time lags between the optical and X-ray variations by using a cross-correlation function. Some shots exhibit significant optical lags to X-ray variations and most of them are positive, ranging from +0.26 to +3.11 s, which have never been detected. They may be ascribable to X-ray reprocessing in the accretion disk and/or the secondary star. This analysis is possible thanks to the high timing accuracy and the high throughput of NICER and the matching capability of Tomo-e Gozen. Also, it is confirmed that the correlation between the optical and X-ray variations changed in the middle of one of our observation windows and that the X-ray spectrum softer than 2 keV varied in accordance with the correlation.
UPDATED AGE-SPECIFIC EXTERNAL DOSE AND EXPOSURE RATE COEFFICIENTS FOR 131I PATIENT RELEASE
Authors: Aziz L , Dewji S
Published: March 2022

Updated effective dose rate and exposure rate coefficients for age-specific receptors representing members of the public were computed for external exposures from age-specific patients administered 131I to treat thyroid dysfunction for patient release evaluation. Coefficients were compared to the simplified point source method described by United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission Regulatory Guide (RG) 8.39, which does not consider age-specific parameters, morphometry or time-dependent 131I biodistribution. Monte Carlo age-specific phantom simulations were correlated with modified continuous voiding patient biokinetic models approximating age-specific dose and exposure rates as a function of time postadministration. Dose rates resulted in an overapproximation by a factor of ~3 from differentiated thyroid cancer patients (5% uptake) and by ~2 from hyperthyroid patients (80%) at 8 h postadministration compared to RG8.39. This study provides a paradigm where age-specific morphometry and biokinetic integration must be jointly considered when developing patient release guidelines for 131I and future radionuclide therapies.