bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A magia desencantada: Henry James e o caso de "Os amigos dos amigos"
Authors: Pen Marcelo
Published: January 2013

Por meio do exame do conto "Os amigos dos amigos" ("The friends of the friends"), de Henry James, bem como de seu processo de criação, este trabalho investiga a categoria do duplo confrontando as suas fontes primitivas com sua adoção na narrativa moderna - um confronto que nos permite sugerir uma chave de interpretação para a ficção jamesiana, e ainda discutir a presença do sobrenatural numa sociedade que privilegia o espetáculo, a publicidade, a novidade, o consumo e o progresso.
A redescoberta de um sociólogo: considerações sobre a correspondência de Émile Durkheim a Salomon Reinach
Authors: Weiss Raquel Andrade , Benthien Rafael Faraco
Published: January 2013

O artigo apresenta um balanço das mais recentes descobertas documentais relativas ao sociólogo francês Émile Durkheim, e reflete sobre seu impacto na reavaliação, seja ela histórica e/ou teórico-metodológica, de seu legado. Almeja-se armar o leitor frente à leitura de sua correspondência com Salomon Reinach, enfatizando particularmente o debate sobre o tema do totemismo, que é um dos eixos centrais de As formas elementares da vida religiosa, obra que neste ano completa seu centenário de publicação, e o envolvimento de Durkheim no Caso Dreyfuss, que representa um dos principais aspectos de seu engajamento político.
Tentativa de balanço: entrevista com Iumna Maria Simon
Authors: Catrópa Andréa , Nuernberger Renan , Martin Carlos Frederico Barrère
Published: January 2013

Narrando a sua formação intelectual, Iumna Maria Simon analisa a situação da crítica literária na universidade e fora dela, a poesia contemporânea e as condições da leitura da obra literária hoje. A entrevista expõe o modo como desenvolveu sua compreensão da literatura brasileira mais recente e como organiza seu foco crítico e suas referências teóricas, enquanto professora e crítica.
Densidade mineral óssea estimada pelo Osteorisk em pacientes com escoliose idiopática do adolescente
Authors: Maia Thiago Cardoso , Brazolino Marcus Alexandre Novo , Batista Priscila Rossi de , Izoton Ana Luiza Cardoso , Cardoso Igor Machado , Rezende Rodrigo
Published: January 2013

OBJETIVO: Considera-se a prevalência de osteoporose em portadores de Escoliose Idiopática do Adolescente (EIA) maior do que na população adolescente em geral.Uma alternativa à radiologia para caracterização da densidade mineral óssea pode ser através de índices correlativos, como o Osteorisk, de fácil acesso e baixo custo, que auxilia o médico na solicitação da Densitometria Óssea. Por considerarmos que a osteoporose pode interferir na evolução e no tratamento da EIA fomos motivados a realizar este estudo. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar subjetivamente a densidade mineral óssea através do índice Osteorisk em pacientes portadores de EIA. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados pacientes saudáveis, (grupo controle, n=30) e pacientes com EIA (n=30), dos quais obtivemos idade, peso e altura, sendo estabelecido o Osteorisk. Feito teste t de Student não-pareado, com p< 0,05 significante. RESULTADOS: O valor médio do Osteorisk encontrado para os pacientes com EIA foi de 6,38 ± 2,2 enquanto que no grupo controle foi de 8,27 ± 2,14, o que representa baixo risco para o desenvolvimento de osteoporose em ambos os grupos. Quando comparadas estas médias entre os grupos, foi observado menor Osteorisk no grupo EIA. CONCLUSÃO: Nosso trabalho demonstrou existir baixo risco para o desenvolvimento de osteoporose nos pacientes com EIA. Nível de Evidência I, Estudo prospectivo.
Adaptação do Inventário de Ciúme Romântico (ICR) para a população Portuguesa
Authors: Bueno José Maurício Haas , Carvalho Lucas de Francisco , Moreira Ana Júlia Fernandes , Capelo Ana Margarida Almeida Brandão , Fernandes Ângela Marisa Cardoso , Vasconcelos Margarida F. Gomes , Costa Tiago André Martins , Marques Vânia Sofia Leite
Published: January 2013

O objetivo deste estudo foi adaptar um instrumento brasileiro para a avaliação do ciúme romântico no contexto cultural português e avaliar as suas propriedades psicométricas. O instrumento adaptado foi respondido por 808 participantes, divididos em duas amostras equivalentes quanto ao número e ao sexo. Análises fatoriais exploratórias revelaram grande similaridade entre as estruturas fatoriais obtidas com as amostras portuguesas e destas com a estrutura encontrada em um estudo prévio com participantes brasileiros. Todos os fatores apresentaram índices de fidedignidade superiores a 0,8. Análises com base na Teoria de Resposta ao Item evidenciaram um bom uso das categorias de resposta empregadas e mostraram que a maioria das escalas é mais discriminativa para características relacionadas com a manifestação patológica do ciúme. Concluiu-se que a escala apresenta validade baseada na estrutura interna e boa fidedignidade, podendo ser recomendada para utilização em investigações.
Escala Baptista de Depressão (Versão Adulto) - EBADEP-A: validade convergente e estabilidade temporal
Authors: Baptista Makilim Nunes , Cardoso Hugo Ferrari , Gomes Juliana Oliveira
Published: January 2013

Os objetivos principais desta pesquisa foram avaliar evidências de validade convergente entre a Escala Baptista de Depressão (Versão Adulto) - EBADEP-A e o Inventário de Depressão de Beck - BDI-II, além de avaliar a estabilidade temporal da EBADEP-A por intermédio do teste e reteste em um período de um mês. Fizeram parte da pesquisa 173 universitários de uma amostra de conveniência com média de idade de 24,45 (DP=8,45), a maioria mulheres (87,9%). Após um mês, 65 participantes, a maioria mulheres (90,8%), com média de 21 anos (DP=5,48) responderam novamente os instrumentos. Os resultados demonstraram, de acordo com critérios internacionais, excelentes índices de correlação entre ambas as escalas, bem como no teste e reteste, demonstrando adequadas qualidades psicométrica da EBADEP-A também nesses quesitos, comprovando outros estudos já realizados. Esses resultados e as limitações do estudo também são discutidos.
Prostituição e sentido de vida: relações de significado
Authors: Corrêa Willian Henrique , Holanda Adriano Furtado
Published: January 2013

O presente artigo tem como objetivo elaborar uma compreensão fenomenológica acerca da prática da prostituição, relacionando essa experiência à busca pelo sentido da vida. Com base nos conceitos empregados pela Logoterapia - a psicoterapia do sentido de vida -, elaborou-se uma reflexão teórica sobre as possíveis motivações e sentidos que têm as mulheres que se dedicam à prostituição. Dentre essas, as principais seriam, o meio de sobrevivência econômica, insatisfação com a família, busca por status social, entre outras. Esses pontos foram articulados com a concepção de homem para Viktor Emil Frankl, enquanto aquele ser que está em uma insaciável busca pelo sentido de vida. Esperou-se, com isso, lançar luzes sobre essa relação.
Expressões da homossexualidade feminina no encarceramento: o significado de se "transformar em homem" na prisão
Authors: Barcinski Mariana
Published: January 2013

Mediante uma perspectiva de gênero, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo investigar as especificidades da homossexualidade feminina no encarceramento. Pela análise do discurso de entrevistas realizadas com duas mulheres encarceradas em uma unidade prisional feminina, trataremos dos significados atrelados ao "se transformar em homem" na prisão. As duas entrevistadas assumiram, dentro do cárcere, posturas, nomes e aparência masculinas e passaram, desde então, a ser reconhecidas por outras internas e pelo próprio staff do presídio como homens. O objetivo é entender que tipos de privilégios tais mulheres adquirem como resultado da adoção de padrões de comportamentos tipicamente masculinos. Os resultados atestam que as duas participantes experimentam o status e os direitos usualmente associados ao masculino, tais como a poligamia e o uso legitimado da força, reproduzindo no espaço intramuros a organização hierárquica que marca as relações heterossexuais na sociedade mais ampla.
Indícios de validade do déficit relacional no Método de Rorschach para população adulta não-paciente
Authors: Balbi Neto Rafael Rubens de Queiroz , Queiroz Sávio Silveira de
Published: January 2013

O Método de Rorschach no Sistema Compreensivo, no que tange à população adulta de não pacientes, no Brasil, está normatizado. Estudos de metanálise transculturais sobre esses resultados apontam que a amostra brasileira apresenta os maiores valores para o Índice de Déficit Relacional (Coping Deficit Index - CDI) dentre 14 países. Logo, esta pesquisa busca indícios de validade do Índice de Déficit Relacional investigando demanda social e aspectos do relacionamento interpessoal em entrevista fenomenológica com 8 universitários avaliados como positivos para o CDI. A análise dos dados seguiu o método fenomenológico. Os resultados apontam dificuldades dos participantes em lidar com a demanda social; os relacionamentos com irmão não indicam necessariamente intimidade ou amizade, mas apenas afeto. Há distanciamento, conflito e desrespeito no relacionamento com o pai e desentendimento com a mãe. Conclui-se que os dados apontam indícios de validade do Índice de Déficit Relacional.
Entre o laboratório de antropometria e a escola: a antropologia física de José Bastos de Ávila nas décadas de 1920 e 1930
Authors: Gonçalves Assis da Silva , Maio Marcos Chor , Santos Ricardo Ventura
Published: January 2013

O médico e antropólogo José Bastos de Ávila teve uma destacada atuação no campo da antropologia física no Brasil nas décadas de 1920 e 1930. Trabalhou no Museu Nacional e, a seguir, no Instituto de Pesquisas Educacionais, ambos no Rio de Janeiro. Neste texto, analisamos a trajetória das pesquisas em antropologia física de Ávila, que se concentraram em questões acerca da raça e mestiçagem, com particular destaque nas características antropométricas de crianças. A partir de pesquisas em escolas públicas, Ávila concluiu que os estudantes poderiam atingir melhores níveis de crescimento, se não fossem as péssimas condições sanitárias dos bairros cariocas. Ávila enfatizou que os principais problemas do país residiam nas más condições de saúde, higiene e educação da população, e não devido à dimensão racial. Ávila também participou de expedições científicas, envolveu-se em debates sobre o patrimônio arqueológico, conduziu pesquisas sobre indígenas e escreveu um romance premiado pela Academia Brasileira de Letras em 1932. Argumentamos que a perspectiva de Ávila, marcada por uma crítica ao determinismo racial, fez parte de uma vertente que predominou na antropologia física praticada no Museu Nacional nas primeiras décadas do século XX, que, por sua vez, esteve associada a dinâmicas sociopolíticas mais amplas em curso no Brasil.
A emergência da biotipologia no Brasil: medir e classificar a morfologia, a fisiologia e o temperamento do brasileiro na década de 1930
Authors: Gomes Ana Carolina Vimieiro
Published: January 2013

O artigo analisa a emergência da biotipologia nas ciências biomédicas do Brasil na década de 1930, na Faculdade de Medicina do Rio de Janeiro, onde existiu um Gabinete de Biotipologia vinculado à cadeira de Clínica Propedêutica. A biotipologia congregava conhecimentos da ciência experimental e da medicina constitucional. Primava pela visão holística sobre o corpo do indivíduo e suas práticas científicas consistiam em medidas morfológicas, fisiológicas e psicológicas como base para a classificação. Por meio da obra "O Normotypo Brasileiro", do médico Isaac Brown, busca-se analisar as práticas de medida e classificação das características biológicas dos corpos dos brasileiros. Os modelos biotipológicos adotados no Brasil foram inspirados nas obras dos italianos Nicola Pende, Giacinto Viola e Mario Barbàra. Todavia, os médicos brasileiros criaram suas próprias classificações, adaptando e reconstruindo os modelos originais. Num momento de intenso debate sobre a 'identidade nacional', sugiro que a biotipologia, com suas práticas de produção de pessoas, foi mobilizada como um instrumento para a definição de um tipo físico brasileiro.
Identidade cifrada no corpo: o bertillonnage e o gabinete antropométrico na polícia do Rio de Janeiro, 1894-1903
Authors: Galeano Diego
Published: January 2013

Nos primeiros anos republicanos do Brasil, vários juristas, criminologistas e policiais difundiram uma novidade recém-chegada da França: o sistema antropométrico para a identificação de pessoas, adotado na polícia parisiense por iniciativa de Alphonse Bertillon (1853-1914). A ideia de introduzir o método chamado bertillonnage no Brasil apareceu, desde 1889, em relatórios governamentais, livros de viagem e jornais. Um gabinete antropométrico foi instalado na polícia do Rio de Janeiro em 1894, mas quase não funcionou até 1899, quando foi reorganizado e, em 1900, a identificação de criminosos pelo método foi estabelecida por decreto. Instrumentos de medição e livros foram trazidos de Paris, a 'metrópole' da identificação policial, mas a história do gabinete antropométrico da então capital brasileira não deve ser interpretada simplesmente como um processo de aplicação imitativa de um método estrangeiro. É o que demonstra este artigo, que procura analisar a constituição transnacional do bertillonnage e os complexos processos de leitura, tradução e adaptação envolvidos no uso da antropometria no âmbito das práticas policiais no Rio de Janeiro.
A 'Relação' de Jacinto de Carvalho (1719), um texto inédito de etnografia amazônica
Authors: Porro Antonio
Published: January 2013

Depois de trabalhar por treze anos nas missões da Amazônia, o jesuíta português Jacinto de Carvalho (1677-1744) enviou ao superior da ordem uma relação descritiva do país e de alguns costumes da população indígena. Essa é a principal fonte etno-histórica da Amazônia na primeira metade do século XVIII, mas é conhecida somente por meio de uma tradução italiana coeva, até hoje inédita. Os trechos de interesse etnográfico foram aqui vertidos à língua portuguesa, precedidos de estudo.
De Tucuruí a Belo Monte: a história avança mesmo?
Authors: Pinto Lúcio Flávio
Published: January 2013

O ensaio reflete sobre a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Tucuruí, no rio Tocantins, Pará, e a compara com a usina de Belo Monte, atualmente sendo erguida no rio Xingu. A primeira foi planejada e construída durante a ditadura militar no Brasil (1964-1985) e a segunda, em período considerado democrático. O autor critica a falta de transparência e os indícios de corrupção na história de Tucuruí, problemas que parecem se repetir com Belo Monte, trinta anos depois. Conclui que o governo federal, responsável por ambas as obras, continua a desconsiderar os efeitos perversos dos grandes projetos de infraestrutura na Amazônia.
Hidrelétricas na Amazônia: renovabilidade e não renovabilidade da política energética. Se é desejável a renovabilidade das formas de conversão de energia, por que não é desejável renovar a política energética?
Authors: Hernandez Francisco Del Moral
Published: January 2013

O ensaio tem a intenção de discutir, apresentando como pano de fundo os recentes projetos hidrelétricos propostos e em andamento na Amazônia brasileira, aspectos referentes aos processos de licenciamento ambiental, problemas conceituais que dizem respeito à caracterização da conversão hidrelétrica como energia limpa e renovável. Este trabalho parte da análise de planos governamentais e das discussões sobre projetos hidrelétricos, identificando a necessidade de implementar mudanças institucionais e de fortalecer as leis ambientais e de proteção dos direitos de populações tradicionais e indígenas. Propõe-se uma nova maneira de formular problemas energéticos e de planejar a oferta de energia, que leva em consideração aspectos sustentáveis e patrocinadores da discussão pública, além do entendimento e da incorporação das consequências sobre os grandes ciclos biogeoquímicos que dão suporte às conversões de energia.
How broad are our broader impacts? An analysis of the National Science Foundation's Ecosystem Studies Program and the Broader Impacts requirement
Authors: Nadkarni Nalini M , Stasch Amy E
Published: January 2013

The National Science Foundation (NSF) has tried to narrow the gap between science and society with its Broader Impacts criterion. We analyzed the proposed Broader Impacts (ie the activities that benefit society through teaching, broadening participation, enhancing infrastructure, and disseminating research) of proposals funded by NSF's Ecosystem Studies Program. We obtained abstracts from 296 funded proposals from NSF's website and characterized the scope of the proposed Broader Impacts (2000–2009). Only 65% of abstracts included a Broader Impacts statement and, of those, 57 (19%) included just one of five NSF broader impacts activities (BIAs). The most frequent component was teaching and training (37%), followed by broad dissemination (22%), infrastructure enhancement (18%), benefits to society (13%), and underrepresented groups (11%). Most proposed audiences were small (61%) to medium‐sized (32%) and were closely associated with academics. NSF as a whole, and Program Officers in the Ecosystem Studies Program in particular, are generally reinforcing the importance of BIAs, but improvements are required within the academic culture. NSF needs to create new mechanisms that make grantees accountable for BIAs and provide positive feedback for those efforts.
Adherence to Wearing Prescription Custom-Made Footwear in Patients With Diabetes at High Risk for Plantar Foot Ulceration
Authors: Waaijman Roelof , Keukenkamp Renske , de Haart Mirjam , Polomski Wojtek P. , Nollet Frans , Bus Sicco A.
Published: January 2013

OBJECTIVE

Prescription custom-made footwear can only be effective in preventing diabetic foot ulcers if worn by the patient. Particularly, the high prevalence of recurrent foot ulcers focuses the attention on adherence, for which objective data are nonexisting. We objectively assessed adherence in patients with high risk of ulcer recurrence and evaluated what determines adherence.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In 107 patients with diabetes, neuropathy, a recently healed plantar foot ulcer, and custom-made footwear, footwear use was measured during 7 consecutive days using a shoe-worn, temperature-based monitor. Daily step count was measured simultaneously using an ankle-worn activity monitor. Patients logged time away from home. Adherence was calculated as the percentage of steps that prescription footwear was worn. Determinants of adherence were evaluated in multivariate linear regression analysis.

RESULTS

Mean ± SD adherence was 71 ± 25%. Adherence at home was 61 ± 32%, over 3,959 ± 2,594 steps, and away from home 87 ± 26%, over 2,604 ± 2,507 steps. In 35 patients with low adherence (<60%), adherence at home was 28 ± 24%. Lower BMI, more severe foot deformity, and more appealing footwear were significantly associated with higher adherence.

CONCLUSIONS

The results show that adherence to wearing custom-made footwear is insufficient, particularly at home where patients exhibit their largest walking activity. This low adherence is a major threat for reulceration. These objective findings provide directions for improvement in adherence, which could include prescribing specific off-loading footwear for indoors, and they set a reference for future comparative research on footwear adherence in diabetes.
Thanatophoric Dysplasia: Autopsy Findings over a 25-Year Period
Authors: Vogt Christina , Blaas Harm-Gerd K.
Published: January 2013

The aim of our study was to retrospectively assess morphological findings in thanatophoric dysplasia, particularly, in how many cases were cerebral manifestations with temporal lobe dysplasia identified. We also wanted to register and analyze the proportions between lung, brain, and body weight. Criteria for inclusion were an autopsy performed during the period ranging from 1985 to 2009 with a diagnosis of thanatophoric dysplasia. During a 25-year period 25 cases of thanatophoric dysplasia were registered. Temporal lobe dysplasia was recognized in 52% of the cases, and after 1998 temporal lobe dysplasia was described in all cases. In 19 cases the brain/body weight ratio was increased, and in all cases the lung/body weight ratio was below the corresponding ratio calculated according to standard measurements. In all but one case the ratio of brain to lung weight was increased. This study focuses on morphological findings, stressing the importance of temporal lobe dysplasia in confirming a diagnosis of thanatophoric dysplasia. Lung/body, brain/body, and brain/lung weight ratios confirm macrocephaly and lung hypoplasia, which are constant findings in cases involving thanatophoric dysplasia. Femur and brain morphology inclusive histology remains the ultimate tool for confirmation of this lethal condition, although it has to be seen in a context inclusive of radiological examination.
Dry-snow metamorphism expressed by crystal shape
Authors: Sokratov Sergey , Kazakov Nikolai
Published: January 2013

Dry-snow metamorphism was the focus of extensive investigations in Russia over several decades. Large amounts of data were collected and used to construct a conceptual model based on crystallographic laws. The difference in terminology compared with the conventional model made these results less accessible to the wider international snow science community. This paper attempts to explain this terminology and its background so that the reported findings are not overlooked in ongoing investigations of the driving forces and consequences of snow metamorphism.
Preparation and Photocatalytic Properties of Sr2−xBaxTa3O10−yNz Nanosheets
Authors: Ida Shintaro , Okamoto Yohei , Hagiwara Hidehisa , Ishihara Tatsumi
Published: January 2013

Sr2−xBaxTa3O10−yNz (x = 0.0, 0.5, 1.0) nanosheets were prepared by exfoliating layered perovskite compounds (CsSr2−xBaxTa3O10−yNz). The Sr1.5Ba0.5Ta3O9.7N0.2 nanosheet showed the highest photocatalytic activity for H2 production from the water/methanol system among the Sr2−xBaxTa3O9.7N0.2 nanosheets prepared. In addition, Rh-loaded Sr1.5Ba0.5Ta3O9.6N0.3 nanosheet showed the photocatalytic activity for oxygen and hydrogen production from water. The ratio of hydrogen to oxygen evolved was around two. These results indicate that the Rh-loaded Sr1.5Ba0.5Ta3O9.6N0.3 nanosheet is a potential catalyst for photocatalytic water splitting.
MicroRNAs as Biomarkers in Cancer
Authors: Sundarbose Kamini , Kartha Reena , Subramanian Subbaya
Published: January 2013

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNA molecules, which in recent years have emerged to have enormous potential as biomarkers. Recently, there have been significant developments in understanding miRNA biogenesis, their regulatory mechanisms and role in disease process, and their potential as effective therapies. The identification of miRNAs as biomarkers provides possibilities for development of less or non-invasive and more specific methods for monitoring tumor growth and progression. This review summarizes the recent developments in methods to detect and quantitate miRNAs in body fluids and their applications as biomarkers in cancers. The prospect of miRNAs as potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers with clinical applications is significant as more evidence points to their central role in cancer pathobiology.
Using Exergy to Correlate Energy Research Investments and Efficiencies: Concept and Case Studies
Authors: Rosen Marc
Published: January 2013

The use of exergy to correlate energy-utilization efficiencies and energy research investments is described. Specifically, energy and exergy losses are compared with energy research and development expenditures, demonstrating that the latter correlates with energy losses, even though it would be more sensible to allocate energy research and development funding in line with exergy losses, as they represent the actual deviation of efficiency from the ideal. The methodology is outlined and illustrated with two case studies. The case studies consider the province of Ontario, Canada and the United States. The investigation utilizes data on the energy utilization in a country or region, including flows of energy and exergy through the main sectors of the economy. The results are expected to be of use to government and public authorities that administer research and development funding and resources and should help improve the effectiveness of such investments.
The Combination of Catechin and Epicatechin Gallate from Fructus Crataegi Potentiates β-Lactam Antibiotics Against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in Vitro and in Vivo
Authors: Qin Rongxin , Xiao Kangkang , Li Bin , Jiang Weiwei , Peng Wei , Zheng Jiang , Zhou Hong
Published: January 2013

Fructus crataegi (hawthorn) is the common name of all plant species in the genus Crataegus of the Rosaceae family. In the present study, three monomers of (+)-catechin (C), (−)-epicatechin gallate (ECg) and (−)-epigallocatechin (EGC) were isolated from the hawthorn under the guide of antibacterial sensitization activity. The bioactivity of the composite fraction in enhancing the antibacterial effect of oxacillin against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was greater than that of the individual monomer of the hawthorn extract in vitro. Two-fold dilution and checkerboard methods were used to analyze antibacterial activity and screen for the combination and proportion of monomers with the best bioactivity. The result showed that C (128 mg/L) combined with ECg (16 mg/L) had the greatest effect and the combination also reduced the bacterial load in blood of septic mice challenged with a sublethal dose of MRSA, increased daunomycin accumulation within MRSA and down-regulated the mRNA expression of norA, norC and abcA, three important efflux pumps of MRSA. In summary, C and ECg enhanced the antibacterial effect of β-lactam antibiotics against MRSA in vitro and in vivo, which might be related to the increased accumulation of antibiotics within MRSA via suppression of important efflux pumps’ gene expression.
Solid Phase versus Solution Phase Synthesis of Heterocyclic Macrocycles
Authors: Kim Seong , McAlpine Shelli
Published: January 2013

Comparing a solution phase route to a solid phase route in the synthesis of the cytotoxic natural product urukthapelstatin A (Ustat A) confirmed that a solid phase method is superior. The solution phase approach was tedious and involved cyclization of a ridged heterocyclic precursor, while solid phase allowed the rapid generation of a flexible linear peptide. Cyclization of the linear peptide was facile and subsequent generation of three oxazoles located within the structure of Ustat A proved relatively straightforward. Given the ease with which the oxazole Ustat A precursor is formed via our solid phase approach, this route is amenable to rapid analog synthesis.
A Facile Synthesis of Fully Protected meso-Diaminopimelic Acid (DAP) and Its Application to the Preparation of Lipophilic N-Acyl iE-DAP
Authors: Saito Yukako , Yoshimura Yuichi , Wakamatsu Hideaki , Takahata Hiroki
Published: January 2013

Synthesis of beneficial protected meso-DAP 9 by cross metathesis of the Garner aldehyde-derived vinyl glycine 1b with protected allyl glycine 2 in the presence of Grubbs second-generation catalyst was performed. Preparation of lipophilic N-acyl iE-DAP as potent agonists of NOD 1-mediated immune response from 9 is described.
Nanoparticle-Based Delivery of RNAi Therapeutics: Progress and Challenges
Authors: Zhou Jiehua , Shum Ka-To , Burnett John , Rossi John
Published: January 2013

RNA interference (RNAi) is an evolutionarily conserved, endogenous process for post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. Although RNAi therapeutics have recently progressed through the pipeline toward clinical trials, the application of these as ideal, clinical therapeutics requires the development of safe and effective delivery systems. Inspired by the immense progress with nanotechnology in drug delivery, efforts have been dedicated to the development of nanoparticle-based RNAi delivery systems. For example, a precisely engineered, multifunctional nanocarrier with combined passive and active targeting capabilities may address the delivery challenges for the widespread use of RNAi as a therapy. Therefore, in this review, we introduce the major hurdles in achieving efficient RNAi delivery and discuss the current advances in applying nanotechnology-based delivery systems to overcome the delivery hurdles of RNAi therapeutics. In particular, some representative examples of nanoparticle-based delivery formulations for targeted RNAi therapeutics are highlighted.
G-Quadruplex DNAzyme Molecular Beacon for Amplified Colorimetric Biosensing of Pseudostellaria heterophylla
Authors: Zheng Zhenzhu , Han Jing , Pang Wensheng , Hu Juan
Published: January 2013

With an internal transcribed spacer of 18 S, 5.8 S and 26 S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA ITS) as DNA marker, we report a colorimetric approach for authentication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (PH) and its counterfeit species based on the differentiation of the nrDNA ITS sequence. The assay possesses an unlabelled G-quadruplex DNAzyme molecular beacon (MB) probe, employing complementary sequence as biorecognition element and 1:1:1:1 split G-quadruplex halves as reporter. In the absence of target DNA (T-DNA), the probe can shape intermolecular G-quadruplex structures capable of binding hemin to form G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme and catalyze the oxidation of ABTS2− to blue-green ABTS•− by H2O2. In the presence of T-DNA, T-DNA can hybridize with the complementary sequence to form a duplex structure, hindering the formation of the G-quadruplex structure and resulting in the loss of the catalytic activity. Consequently, a UV-Vis absorption signal decrease is observed in the ABTS2−-H2O2 system. The “turn-off” assay allows the detection of T-DNA from 1.0 × 10−9 to 3.0 × 10−7 mol·L−1 (R2 = 0.9906), with a low detection limit of 3.1 × 10−10 mol·L−1. The present study provides a sensitive and selective method and may serve as a foundation of utilizing the DNAzyme MB sensor for identifying traditional Chinese medicines.
A New Curb Detection Method for Unmanned Ground Vehicles Using 2D Sequential Laser Data
Authors: Liu Zhao , Wang Jinling , Liu Daxue
Published: January 2013

Curb detection is an important research topic in environment perception, which is an essential part of unmanned ground vehicle (UGV) operations. In this paper, a new curb detection method using a 2D laser range finder in a semi-structured environment is presented. In the proposed method, firstly, a local Digital Elevation Map (DEM) is built using 2D sequential laser rangefinder data and vehicle state data in a dynamic environment and a probabilistic moving object deletion approach is proposed to cope with the effect of moving objects. Secondly, the curb candidate points are extracted based on the moving direction of the vehicle in the local DEM. Finally, the straight and curved curbs are detected by the Hough transform and the multi-model RANSAC algorithm, respectively. The proposed method can detect the curbs robustly in both static and typical dynamic environments. The proposed method has been verified in real vehicle experiments.
Exercise — Exploring Mutuality and Discordance(s) Between Sport and Public Health
Authors: De Bruin Eling
Published: January 2013

Sports is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that revolves around the interdisciplinary area of exercise sciences applied in sport and public health. The intention of Sports is to link several scientific disciplines in an integrated fashion in order to address critical issues related to exercise science, sports and public health. As the first Editor-in-Chief of Sports, I would like to share a few comments about this interdisciplinary field of research by discussing the mutuality and discordances between exercise as it is applied in sports and public health. [...]
Carry-Over of Aflatoxin B1 to Aflatoxin M1 in High Yielding Israeli Cows in Mid- and Late-Lactation
Authors: Britzi Malka , Friedman Shmulik , Miron Joshua , Solomon Ran , Cuneah Olga , Shimshoni Jakob , Soback Stefan , Ashkenazi Rina , Armer Sima , Shlosberg Alan
Published: January 2013

The potent hepatotoxin and carcinogen aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a common mycotoxin contaminant of grains used in animal feeds. Aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) is the major metabolite of AFB1 in mammals, being partially excreted into milk, and is a possible human carcinogen. The maximum permitted concentration of AFM1 in cows’ milk is 0.05 μg/kg in Israel and the European Union. Since milk yield and the carry-over of AFB1 in the feed to AFM1 in the milk are highly correlated, it was considered important to determine the AFM1 carry-over in Israeli-Holstein dairy cows, distinguished by world record high milk production. Twelve such cows were used to determine AFM1 carry-over following daily oral administration of feed containing ~86 μg AFB1 for 7 days. The mean carry-over rate at steady-state (Days 3–7) was 5.8% and 2.5% in mid-lactation and late-lactation groups, respectively. The carry-over appears to increase exponentially with milk yield and could be described by the equation: carry-over% = 0.5154 e0.0521 × milk yield, with r2 = 0.6224. If these data truly reflect the carry-over in the national Israeli dairy herd, the maximum level of AFB1 in feed should not exceed 1.4 μg/kg, a value 3.6 times lower than the maximum residue level currently applied in Israel.
Assessment of Biosorption Activated Media Under Roadside Swales for the Removal of Phosphorus from Stormwater
Authors: Hood Andrew , Chopra Manoj , Wanielista Martin
Published: January 2013

Stormwater runoff from highways is a source of pollution to surface water bodies and groundwater. Excess loadings of phosphorus in stormwater discharged to surface water bodies can result in eutrophication. Treatment of stormwater for phosphorus is necessary in order to sustain ecological and economical benefits related to aquatic resources. If phosphorus is removed, the water can be sustained for other uses, such as irrigation and industrial applications. The data presented in this paper is used to evaluate the treatment performance of a roadside biosorption activated media system with regards to the removal of total phosphorus and soluble reactive phosphorus from highway runoff. The evaluation also compares removal efficiencies and effluent concentrations using biosorption activated media (BAM) to that with sandy soil commonly found in the Florida area. The results presented in this paper indicate that BAM bio-filtration systems are a feasible treatment method for removing phosphorus from highway runoff. A discussion concerning the additional treatment and reuse of water by harvesting, as part of a Bio-filtration & Harvesting Swale System, is also presented in the paper.
Birth and Death of Human β-Cells in Pancreases from Cadaver Donors, Autopsies, Surgical Specimens, and Islets Transplanted into Mice
Authors: Caballero Francisco , Siniakowicz Karolina , Hollister-Lock Jennifer , Duran Luisa , Katsuta Hitoshi , Yamada Takatsugu , Lei Ji , Deng Shaoping , Westermark Gunilla T. , Markmann James , Bonner-Weir Susan , Weir Gordon C.
Published: January 2013

There is great interest in the potential of the human endocrine pancreas for regeneration by β-cell replication or neogenesis. Our aim was to explore this potential in adult human pancreases and in both islet and exocrine tissue transplanted into mice. The design was to examine pancreases obtained from cadaver donors, autopsies, and fresh surgical specimens and compare these findings with those obtained from islet and duct tissue grafted into the kidney. Islets and exocrine tissue were transplanted into normoglycemic ICR-SCID mice and studied 4 and 14 weeks later. β-Cell replication, as assessed by double staining for insulin and Ki67, was 0.22±0.03% at 4 weeks and 0.13±0.03% at 14 weeks. In contrast, no evidence of β-cell replication could be found in 11 cadaver donor and 10 autopsy pancreases. However, Ki67 staining of β-cells in frozen sections obtained at surgery was comparable to that found in transplanted islets. Evidence for neogenesis in transplanted pancreatic exocrine tissue was supported by finding β-cells within the duct epithelium and the presence of cells double stained for insulin and cytokeratin 19 (CK19). However, β-cells within the ducts never constituted more than 1% of the CK19-positive cells. With confocal microscopy, 7 of 12 examined cells expressed both markers, consistent with a neogeneic process. Mice with grafts containing islet or exocrine tissue were treated with various combinations of exendin-4, gastrin, and epidermal growth factor; none increased β-cell replication or stimulated neogenesis. In summary, human β-cells replicate at a low level in islets transplanted into mice and in surgical pancreatic frozen sections, but rarely in cadaver donor or autopsy pancreases. The absence of β-cell replication in many adult cadaver or autopsy pancreases could, in part, be an artifact of the postmortem state. Thus, it appears that adult human β-cells maintain a low level of turnover through replication and neogenesis.
Glycosylation efficiencies on different solid supports using a hydrogenolysis-labile linker
Authors: Collot Mayeul , Eller Steffen , Weishaupt Markus , Seeberger Peter H
Published: January 2013

Automated oligosaccharide assembly requires suitable linkers to connect the first monosaccharide to a solid support. A new hydrogenolysis-labile linker that is stable under both acidic and basic conditions was designed, synthesized and coupled to different resins. Glycosylation and cleavage efficiencies on these functionalized solid supports were investigated, and restrictions for the choice of solid support for oligosaccharide synthesis were found.
THE EFFECT OF CURRENT PUBLIC PROCUREMENT LAW ON DURATION AND COST OF CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN TURKEY
Authors: Erdis Ercan
Published: January 2013

The current public procurement law (Law No. 4734) was established in Turkey in 2003. The current law has fundamental differences from the previous one, Law No. 2886, in that the current law's main objective is to increase the effective use of public resources. Although the current law was enacted nine years ago, no in-depth research has been undertaken related to the extent of public savings. Thus, the aim of this research is to analyze the performance of public investments for construction with respect to their success in achieving on time and within budget completion. Additionally, a comparison between the completion duration and budget of construction projects undertaken under the current and the previous law is presented. To achieve these goals, historical contract documents addressing 878 and 575 public construction projects undertaken under two laws, respectively, were analyzed. In this context, the data mining method, including decision trees, artificial neural network, and support vector machines, was applied to predict the duration and cost deviations of the construction projects during the tender process, and the results were compared. It was demonstrated that the current law has contributed substantially towards the completion of the projects within estimated or envisaged durations and costs. The findings of this research can be generalized to countries with similar economical and organizational structures with Turkey.
Patients with Very Early-onset Systemic Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Exhibit More Inflammatory Features and a Worse Outcome
Authors: RUSSO RICARDO A.G. , KATSICAS MARÍA M.
Published: January 2013

Objective.

Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis (SJIA) frequently leads to disability and damage. Predictive factors for a poor outcome include persistent systemic features and younger age at onset. We describe and analyze disease features in patients with early-onset (EO) SJIA (disease onset before age 18 mo) and compare them to patients with later-onset (LO) disease.

Methods.

Clinical features at onset, activity measures (occurrence of macrophage activation syndrome, remission), and outcome measures for disability [Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ) ≥ 0.5] and damage [radiographic joint destruction, Juvenile Arthritis Damage Index (JADI) score, growth retardation] observed during followup were analyzed retrospectively in patients with SJIA followed for ≥ 3 years since disease onset.

Results.

In total 132 patients were included. SJIA started at age ≤ 18 months in 19 (14%) patients and at a later age in 113 (86%) children. At onset, serositis (p < 0.01) and hepatomegaly (p < 0.05) were more frequent in EO patients, who also exhibited lower hemoglobin levels (p < 0.03) and higher platelet counts (p < 0.03) than patients with LO. Macrophage activation syndrome occurred in 20 patients (11 EO and 9 LO; p < 0.0001). Remission was achieved by 49 patients (37%; 4 EO and 45 LO). At last visit, destructive hip disease (p < 0.04), growth retardation (p < 0.01), radiographic damage (p < 0.02), and disability (p < 0.04) were more frequent in patients with EO disease, who had higher JADI scores (p < 0.003).

Conclusion.

Patients with EO exhibited a more aggressive and destructive disease course than patients with LO SJIA.
Factors Influencing Concordance Between Clinical and Ultrasound Findings in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Le BOEDEC MARION , JOUSSE-JOULIN SANDRINE , FERLET JEAN-FRANÇOIS , MARHADOUR THIERRY , CHALES GÉRARD , GRANGE LAURENT , HACQUARD-BOUDER CÉCILE , LOEUILLE DAMIEN , SELLAM JÉRÉMIE , ALBERT JEAN-DAVID , BENTIN JACQUES , CHARY-VALCKENAERE ISABELLE , D’AGOSTINO MARIA-ANTONIETTA , ETCHEPARE FABIEN , GAUDIN PHILIPPE , HUDRY CHRISTOPHE , DOUGADOS MAXIME , SARAUX ALAIN
Published: January 2013

Objective.

Clinical joint examination (CJE) is less time-consuming than ultrasound (US) in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Low concordance between CJE and US would indicate that the 2 tests provide different types of information. Knowledge of factors associated with CJE/US concordance would help to select patients and joints for US. Our objective was to identify factors associated with CJE/US concordance.

Methods.

Seventy-six patients with RA requiring tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) antagonist therapy were included in a prospective, multicenter cohort. In each patient, 38 joints were evaluated. Synovitis was scored using CJE, B-mode US (B-US), and power Doppler US (PDUS). Joints whose kappa coefficient (κ) for agreement CJE/US was < 0.1 were considered discordant. Multivariate analysis was performed to identify factors independently associated with CJE/US concordance, defined as factors yielding p < 0.05 and OR > 2.

Results.

Concordance before TNF-α antagonist therapy varied across joints for CJE/US (κ = −0.08 to 0.51) and B-US/PDUS (κ = 0.30 to 0.67). CJE/US concordance was low at the metatarsophalangeal joints and shoulders (κ < 0.1). Before TNF-α antagonist therapy, a low 28-joint Disease Activity Score (DAS28) was associated with good CJE/B-US concordance, and no factors were associated with CJE/PDUS concordance. After TNF-α antagonist therapy, only the joint site was associated with CJE/B-US concordance; joint site and short disease duration were associated with CJE/PDUS concordance.

Conclusion.

Concordance between CJE and US is poor overall. US adds information to CJE, most notably at the metatarsophalangeal joints and shoulders. Usefulness is decreased for B-US when DAS28 is low and for PDUS when disease duration is short.
Three-dimensional Volumetric Ultrasound: A Valid Method for Blinded Assessment of Response to Therapy in Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: NAREDO ESPERANZA , ACEBES CARLOS , BRITO ELIA , de AGUSTÍN JUAN JOSÉ , de MIGUEL EUGENIO , MAYORDOMO LUCÍA , MÖLLER INGRID , MORAGUES CARMEN , REJÓN EDUARDO , RODRIGUEZ ANA , USON JACQUELINE , GARRIDO JESÚS , MARTÍNEZ-HERNÁNDEZ DAVID ,   the Ultrasound School of the Spanish Society of Rheumatology
Published: January 2013

Objective.

To assess the responsiveness and repeatability of volumetric power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS) evaluation of synovitis and bone erosions in rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods.

Twenty-three patients with RA (19 women, mean age 52.7 ± 12.6 yrs, mean disease duration 10.1 ± 8.6 yrs) were prospectively enrolled. All patients were beginning therapy with rituximab because of disease activity despite therapy with synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs and tumor necrosis factor-blocking agents. Patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and volumetric PDUS examination at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months. Ten centers participated in the study. Four centers recruited the patients and performed the volumetric acquisitions of PDUS images, while the remaining 6 centers assessed the PDUS volumes, blinded to the identity of patients and date of the visits. The most symptomatic hand and foot were scored for B-mode synovitis, synovial PD signal, and bone erosions. The repeatability of the volumetric PDUS assessment was investigated.

Results.

An overall improvement in clinical and PDUS measurements was found at the followup assessments. The mean indexes for synovial PD signal and bone erosions and the number of sites with abnormalities decreased significantly throughout the followup (p < 0.05). The intraacquisition, intrareader reliability was excellent for all PDUS measurements (intraclass correlation coefficients > 0.9).

Conclusion.

The results of our pilot study suggest that volumetric PDUS can be responsive and repeatable in multicenter cohort studies of RA. This technique may minimize assessment biases and reduce acquisition variability in open-label and observational studies.
Lire des albums : quelle compréhension et quelle appropriation par les élèves de maternelle ?
Authors: Canut Emmanuelle , Vertalier Martine
Published: January 2013

Lire et raconter des histoires aux enfants d’école maternelle sont des pratiques devenues courantes, recouvrant des modalités différentes. Il existe une grande disparité dans le choix des albums lus aux élèves, dépendant des objectifs pédagogiques des enseignants. L’article aborde les difficultés de compréhension liées à la complexité des illustrations, des textes ou de leur complémentarité, qui peuvent compromettre la contribution de la narration à la structuration du langage des enfants non encore lecteurs pour préparer leur accès à la littératie. D’où la nécessité d’une formation des enseignants pour les aider à définir leurs objectifs pédagogiques, pour procéder au choix d’ouvrages et aux modalités de leur utilisation, et ainsi anticiper leurs pratiques d’interaction individuelles ou collectives avec les enfants, en fonction des caractéristiques des ouvrages choisis.
La lecture des récits de fiction à l'école maternelle, histoire d'un genre professionnel
Authors: Bishop Marie-France
Published: January 2013

L’article s’attache à décrire, dans un parcours historique, les transformations d’une pratique professionnelle particulière : la lecture des récits de fictions à l’école maternelle. Cinq périodes sont considérées, qui correspondent à des étapes institutionnelles importantes. C’est à travers la lecture des textes officiels, que les différentes finalités assignées à la lecture des récits est appréhendée. L’hypothèse est qu’il s’agit d’un genre professionnel qui s’est élaboré au fil du temps, avec des modifications, mais également des éléments stables lesquels se retrouvent dans la mémoire professionnelle. Ce genre est dépendant des modèles pédagogiques dominants aux différentes périodes. La connaissance de cette pratique est un outil de réflexion didactique, mais aussi une base indispensable pour la formation des enseignants.