bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: 2H‐Indazoles (III) from 2‐Aminobenzophenones.
Authors: Mochalov S. S. , Khasanov M. I. , Fedotov A. N. , Trofimova E. V.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Cyclization of Sulfamate Esters Using NaOCl — A Metal‐Mediated Hoffman—Loeffler—Freytag Reaction.
Authors: Zalatan David N. , Du Bois J.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Preparation of Some Glycosyl Amino Acid Building Blocks via Click Reaction and Construction of a Glycotetrapeptide Library Using Spot Synthesis.
Authors: Guenther Kai , Schips Carsten , Ziegler Thomas
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Addition Reactions of Benzenesulfinic Acid with Glycals and 1,2‐Dibromosugars.
Authors: Basava Vikram , Flores Broc , Giovine Matthew , Licisyn Thomas , Walck Katelyn , Boyko Walter , Giuliano Robert
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of Phosphatidylinositol Dimannoside: A Cell‐Envelope Component of Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Authors: Patil Pratap S. , Hung Shang‐Cheng
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Total Synthesis of (+)‐Neomarinone.
Authors: Pena‐Lopez Miguel , Martinez M. Montserrat , Sarandeses Luis A. , Sestelo Jose Perez
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Structural Characterization of Operating Catalysts by Raman Spectroscopy
Authors: Banares Miguel A. , Mestl Gerhard
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: The Coordination and Derivative Chemistry of Phosphinoalkynes on Polymetallic Frameworks and Related Systems
Authors: Low Paul J.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Metal Complexation in Ionic Liquids
Authors: Abbott Andrew P. , Frisch Gero , Ryder Karl S.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Taming the Highly Reactive Oxonium Ion
Authors: Haley Michael M.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Seven‐Membered Rings
Authors: Bremmer John B. , Samosorn Siritron
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems with O and N Atoms
Authors: Cicchi Stefano , Cordero Franca M. , Giomi Donatella
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems with N and S (Se, Te) Atoms
Authors: Wu Yong‐Jin , Yang Bingwei V.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Five‐Membered Ring Systems: Pyrroles and Benzo Analogues
Authors: Pelkey Erin T.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Four‐Membered Ring Systems
Authors: Alcaide Benito , Almendros Pedro
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Onium‐Polyhydrogen Fluorides as Acid Catalysts, Ionic Liquids and Fluorinating Agents in Organic Reactions
Authors: Reddy V. Prakash , Prakash G. K. Surya , Olah George A.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Beyond Molecular Beacons: Optical Sensors Based on the Binding‐Induced Folding of Proteins and Polypeptides
Authors: Oh Kenneth J. , Cash Kevin J. , Plaxco Kevin W.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Supramolecular Assemblies and Their Applications
Authors: Agrawal Y. K. , Thaker D. N.
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
ChemInform Abstract: Chiral Recognition of Ethers by NMR Spectroscopy
Authors: Duddeck Helmut , Gomez Edison Diaz
Published: April 2009

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract of an article which was published elsewhere, please select a “Full Text” option. The original article is trackable via the “References” option.
Function of dynein in budding yeast: Mitotic spindle positioning in a polarized cell
Authors: Moore Jeffrey K. , Stuchell‐Brereton Melissa D. , Cooper John A.
Published: April 2009

Cytoplasmic dynein is a microtubule motor that powers minus‐end‐directed motility in a variety of biological settings. The budding yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, has been a useful system for the study of dynein, due to its molecular genetics and cell biology capabilities, coupled with the conservation of dynein‐pathway proteins. In this review we discuss how budding yeast use dynein to manipulate the position of the mitotic spindle and the nucleus during cell division, using cytoplasmic microtubules, and we describe our current understanding of the genes required for dynein function. Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Mutagenesis and Molecular Modeling of the Orthosteric Binding Site of the mGlu2 Receptor Determining Interactions of the Group II Receptor Antagonist 3H‐HYDIA
Authors: Lundström Linda , Kuhn Bernd , Beck Jennifer , Borroni Edilio , Wettstein Joseph G. , Woltering Thomas J. , Gatti Silvia
Published: April 2009

Binding of the mGlu2/3 antagonist HYDIA in the closed conformation model of mGlu2 causes repulsive interactions with Y216 in lobe II of the binding pocket, preventing closure of the VFT.

magnified image

Modulation of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 receptors represents a promising target for the treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia and depression. The novel mGlu2/3 ligand HYDIA ((1S,2R,3R,5R,6S)‐2‐amino‐3‐hydroxy‐bicyclo[3.1.0]hexane‐2,6‐dicarboxylic acid) is a conformationally restricted and hydroxylated glutamate analogue. HYDIA is a potent and selective competitive antagonist of L‐glutamate at the mGlu2/3 receptors in spite of being structurally very similar to the bicyclic LY354740, which is a potent and selective mGlu2/3 agonist. By comparing these two ligands, this study delineate the interaction mode of 3H‐HYDIA at the mGlu2 receptor, using both mutagenesis studies and computational modeling. Binding of HYDIA in the closed conformation model of mGlu2 results in repulsive interaction with the Y216 residue, preventing closure of the binding pocket and thus receptor activation. Consequently, HYDIA is proposed to bind in an open conformation model of mGlu2. Mutation of the structurally important Y216 residue in the binding site caused complete loss of affinity of both 3H‐LY354740 and 3H‐HYDIA. T168 in lobe I was shown to have an important role in HYDIA binding, and in the open conformation model this residue is interacting with the amino group of HYDIA. The Y144 residue in lobe I is shown to be engaged in both receptor interlobe binding and ligand interaction. Receptor mutations at this position (Y144G, Y144S and Y144A) showed dramatic impact on binding affinity and functional effect of HYDIA. The mGlu2 receptor mutants with increased structural flexibility at this position, which is crucial for pocket closure, were clearly preferred. These studies highlight the unique properties of the novel 3H‐HYDIA ligand and provide further support to our understanding of binding and signal transduction mechanisms of the mGlu2 receptor.
Gemcitabine and paclitaxel every 2 weeks in patients with previously untreated urothelial carcinoma
Authors: Calabrò Fabio , Lorusso Vito , Rosati Gerardo , Manzione Luigi , Frassineti Luca , Sava Teodoro , Di Paula Eugenio Donato , Alonso Silvia , Sternberg Cora N.
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

Patients with urothelial carcinoma are not always amenable to cisplatin‐based chemotherapy. The authors previously reported that they achieved a 60% response rate in patients who failed on cisplatin‐based combination chemotherapy (methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin) by using a convenient outpatient regimen of gemcitabine (G) and paclitaxel (P) every 2 weeks. A multicenter trial was initiated in 5 Italian centers to evaluate this regimen as first‐line chemotherapy.

METHODS:

From January 2003 to April 2005, 54 patients who had histologically proven, measurable disease (according to Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors) with a World Health Organization (WHO) performance status (PS) from 0 to 2, metastatic or inoperable urothelial carcinoma, no prior systemic cytotoxic or biologic treatment, a creatinine clearance ≥40 mL per minute, and bilirubin <20 μmol/L received G at a dose of 2500 mg/m2 in 30 minutes and P at a dose of 150 mg/m2 in 3 hours every 2 weeks. Granulocyte–colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF) was given for 5 to 7 days for neutropenia toxicity of grade ≥3 (grading determined according to the National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events v3.0 guidelines). From 6 to 12 courses were planned. All patients received at least 1 cycle of therapy and were included in all analyses.

RESULTS:

The median patient age was 67 years (range 34‐78 years), and the median WHO PS was 1 (range, 0‐2). Metastases occurred in the lung in 17 patients (31%), in lymph nodes in 26 patients (54%), in the bladder in 20 patients (37%), in bone in 8 patients (15%), and in the liver in 8 patients (15%). Fifty‐nine percent of patients had >1 site of disease, and 13% of patients had ≥3 sites of disease. In total, 343 cycles were administered. Five patients achieved a complete response, and 15 patients achieved a partial response; thus, the overall response rate was 37% in an intent‐to‐treat analysis. Hematologic toxicity was predominant but manageable. G‐CSF was used in only 6% of cycles. The median survival was 13.2 months, and the median time to disease progression was 5.8 months.

CONCLUSIONS:

In a multicenter study, G and P was found to be a well–tolerated outpatient regimen. This regimen demonstrated promise and may be considered in patients who are unable to receive cisplatin. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Prognostic factors differ by tumor stage for small cell lung cancer
Authors: Foster Nathan R. , Mandrekar Sumithra J. , Schild Steven E. , Nelson Garth D. , Rowland Kendrith M. , Deming Richard L. , Kozelsky Timothy F. , Marks Randolph S. , Jett James R. , Adjei Alex A.
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

An analysis of 14 small cell lung cancer (SCLC) trials was performed to improve the current understanding of potential prognostic factors for overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) in groups of patients with limited‐stage disease SCLC (LD‐SCLC) and extensive‐stage disease SCLC (ED‐SCLC) separately.

METHODS:

Data on 688 patients with LD‐SCLC and 910 patients with ED‐SCLC were included. Clinical and laboratory factors were tested for their prognostic significance using Cox regression models that were stratified by protocol. Recursive partitioning and amalgamation (RPA) analyses were used to identify prognostic subgroups.

RESULTS:

Poorer performance status (PS) led to worse OS and PFS in the ED‐SCLC group but not in the LD‐SCLC group. The prognostic impact of PS was strong for men but weak for women in the ED‐SCLC group (interactionPvalue <.012 for OS and PFS). Other negative prognostic factors included increased age and men for the LD‐SCLC group and increased age, men, increased number of metastatic sites at baseline, and increased creatinine levels for the ED‐SCLC group. In patients with the ED‐SCLC, RPA analyses identified 5 subgroups with different prognosis based on baseline PS, creatinine levels, sex, and the number of metastatic sites.

CONCLUSIONS:

The current pooled analysis identified baseline creatinine levels and the number of metastatic sites as important prognostic factors in patients with ED‐SCLC in addition to the well established factors of sex, age, and PS. There was a significant interaction between sex and PS within the ED‐SCLC group, suggesting that PS is highly prognostic in men but has no significant impact in women. Within the LD‐SCLC group, only age and sex were identified as important prognostic factors. RPA analyses confirmed many of these findings. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Clinical outcomes of molecularly confirmed clear cell sarcoma from a single institution and in comparison with data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registry
Authors: Blazer Dan G. , Lazar Alexander J. , Xing Yan , Askew Robert L. , Feig Barry W. , Pisters Peter W. T. , Pollock Raphael E. , Lev Dina , Hunt Kelly K. , Cormier Janice N.
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

The authors compared disease‐specific survival (DSS) in stage‐specific subgroups of patients with clear cell sarcoma, including those with lymph node metastases (N1M0) and those with distant metastases (N0M1).

METHODS:

Clinical data regarding soft tissue sarcoma patients were obtained from The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center (MDACC) (1980‐2007) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registry (1988‐2004). When possible, clear cell sarcoma diagnoses were confirmed using fluorescence in situ hybridization or reverse‐transcription polymerase chain reaction. Kaplan‐Meier estimates were used to calculate DSS, and Cox multivariate analysis was performed to identify prognostic factors.

RESULTS:

Fifty‐two patients at MDACC and 130 SEER patients were diagnosed with clear cell sarcoma. Five‐year DSS for the MDACC and SEER cohorts were 67% and 62%, respectively. Patients with N1M0 and N0M1 disease demonstrated significant differences in 5‐year DSS: 74% versus 14% at MDACC (P= .014) and 52% versus 0% in SEER (P= .014). After adjustment, the hazards ratio (HR) for dying was 2.79 for N1M0 disease (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 1.32‐5.91) and 11.37 (95% CI, 5.19‐24.91) for N0M1 disease compared with stage II disease (P< .001). Non‐Caucasian ethnicity (HR, 3.99; 95% CI, 2.27‐6.99 [P< .001]) and truncal tumor site (HR, 2.41; 95% CI, 1.15‐5.05 [P= .02]) were also found to be predictors of decreased DSS.

CONCLUSIONS:

The findings of the current study suggest that patients with N1M0 clear cell sarcoma have 5‐year DSS that is more similar to that of patients with stage III than stage IV soft tissue sarcoma. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Treatment of fludarabine‐refractory chronic lymphocytic leukemia
Authors: Tsimberidou Apostolia‐Maria , Keating Michael J.
Published: April 2009

The development of resistance to purine analogs defines a poor‐risk subset of patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Although in recent years chemoimmunotherapeutic combinations such as fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and rituximab have induced response rates of 95% in previously untreated patients and increased the rates of failure‐free survival, CLL remains incurable for many patients because of a lack of disease response or the development of refractoriness to fludarabine. Fludarabine‐refractory disease is defined as CLL that does not respond to fludarabine or that recurs within 6 months of treatment with a fludarabine‐containing regimen. The natural course of the disease is associated with poor survival. Salvage therapeutic strategies include alemtuzumab‐containing regimens, targeted agents, and allogeneic stem cell transplantation. Single‐agent alemtuzumab induces response in up to 40% of patients with fludarabine‐refractory CLL, but responses are not durable, and the median survival is approximately 1 to 2 years. Alemtuzumab is also combined with fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and/or rituximab, and other agents such as lenalidomide and flavopiridol, as well as targeted agents, and used in fludarabine‐refractory CLL. Cumulative evidence suggests that allogeneic stem cell transplantation is an efficacious therapeutic strategy for patients who do not respond to fludarabine or who develop disease recurrence within 12 months after purine analog treatment. In conclusion, chemoimmunotherapy regimens that include alemtuzumab and/or rituximab and allogeneic stem cell transplantation improve the prognosis of this disease, but there is a continued need for novel, more effective therapies. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Radiotherapy in adrenocortical carcinoma
Authors: Polat Buelent , Fassnacht Martin , Pfreundner Leo , Guckenberger Matthias , Bratengeier Klaus , Johanssen Sarah , Kenn Werner , Hahner Stefanie , Allolio Bruno , Flentje Michael
Published: April 2009

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy, and patients with ACC have a poor prognosis. Even after radical surgery, up to 85% of patients develop recurrent disease. Systemic treatment options still have limited efficacy. Because the role of radiotherapy is not defined well and because ACC often is considered radioresistant, the authors reviewed the available data on radiotherapy for ACC. Original articles and reviews were identified using a PubMed search strategy that included the period up to July 2008. Ten articles were identified that covered radiotherapy in a total of 129 patients with ACC (64 patients received postoperative irradiation, and 65 patients received palliative therapy for advanced disease). In addition, 26 patients were identified in the German ACC Registry who received palliative radiotherapy. Furthermore, patterns of failure after adjuvant radiotherapy were investigated, and the authors provided recommendations for patient selection, treatment planning, and treatment protocols. In an adjuvant setting, postoperative radiotherapy was able to prevent local recurrence in the majority of patients. In those with advanced disease, a response to radiotherapy was observed in 57% of patients who received palliative radiotherapy. Therefore, the authors concluded that radiotherapy may play an important role in the care of patients with ACC. Until better evidence is available, the authors recommended the following approach: Adjuvant radiotherapy to the tumor bed should be considered in patients at high risk for local recurrence (eg, incomplete/R1 resection); a total dose of >40 grays (Gy) with single fractions of 1.8 Gy to 2 Gy should be administered (including a boost volume to reach from 50 Gy to 60 Gy in individual patients); and radiotherapy in a palliative setting may be used for symptomatic metastases to bone, brain, or vena cava obstruction. With state‐of‐the‐art technology, acute and long‐term toxicities mostly were mild to moderate. However, the authors concluded that prospective investigations would be required to fully define the therapeutic potential of this important treatment option. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
Incidence and mortality rates for colorectal cancer in Puerto Rico and among Hispanics, non‐Hispanic whites, and non‐Hispanic blacks in the United States, 1998‐2002
Authors: Soto‐Salgado Marievelisse , Suárez Erick , Calo William , Cruz‐Correa Marcia , Figueroa‐Vallés Nayda R. , Ortiz Ana P.
Published: April 2009

BACKGROUND:

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in Puerto Rico (PR). In the United States, the incidence and mortality rates of CRC have great variation by sex and race/ethnicity. Age‐standardized incidence and mortality rates of CRC in PR were assessed and compared with the rates among US Hispanics (USH), non‐Hispanic whites (NHW), and non‐Hispanic blacks (NHB) in the United States for the period from 1998 through 2002. Incidence and mortality trends and relative differences among racial/ethnic groups by sex and age were determined.

METHODS:

Age‐standardized rates using the world standard population (ASR[World]) were based on cancer incidence and mortality data from the PR Central Cancer Registry and from the National Cancer Institute's Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program using the direct method. The annual percentage changes (APC) and relative risks (RR) were calculated using Poisson regression models.

RESULTS:

During 1998 through 2002, the APC of CRC incidence and mortality increased for men in PR, whereas descending trends were observed for other racial/ethnic groups. Overall period rates indicated that, in both sexes, Puerto Ricans had CRC incidence and mortality rates similar to those for USH, but their rates were lower than those for NHW and NHB. However, Puerto Rican men and women ages 40 years to 59 years had the greatest risk of incidence and mortality compared with their USH counterparts.

CONCLUSIONS:

Areas of concern include the increasing trends of CRC in PR and the higher burden of the disease among young Puerto Ricans compared with the USH population. The authors concluded that further research should be performed to guide the design and implementation of CRC prevention and education programs in PR. Cancer 2009. © 2009 American Cancer Society.
LC‐active VCO for CMOS RF transceivers
Authors: Zito Domenico , Pepe Domenico
Published: April 2009

A novel fully integrated CMOS LC tank VCO is presented. The LC tanks are implemented by exploiting the active circuit ‘boot‐strapped inductor’ (BSI), which behaves like a high‐quality factor inductor. Particularly, the LC tanks have been implemented by introducing a new version of the CMOS BSI circuit, which provides better versatility and design reliability.

In order to verify the effectiveness of such an approach, a case study for 5–6 GHz direct‐conversion multi‐standard WLAN transceivers is presented. The VCO has been designed in a 0.35µm standard CMOS technology. The new BSI exhibits a high‐quality factor (higher than 25 over the all frequency range) and provides a high selectivity without introducing a relevant excess of noise, for a better spectral purity and a lower phase noise (PN) of the VCO. The overall VCO circuit consumes 9 mW. The VCO produces an oscillation in the tuning range from 4.91 to 5.93 GHz (nearly equal to 19%). The circuit exhibits a PN of −129dBc/Hz at 1 MHz of frequency offset from the central frequency (5.4 GHz) and a FOM equal to 189.5 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz and 194.1 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz of frequency offset, respectively. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Sinusoidal oscillators with lower gain requirements at higher frequencies based on an explicit tanh(x) nonlinearity
Authors: Elwakil A. S. , Ozoguz S. , Salama K. N.
Published: April 2009

Two novel sinusoidal oscillator structures with an explicit tanh(x) nonlinearity are proposed. The oscillators have the attractive feature: the higher the operating frequency, the lower the necessary gain required to start oscillations. A nonlinear model for the two oscillators is derived and verified numerically. Spice simulations using AMS BiCMOS 0.35µ model parameters and experimental results are shown. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Synchronization of identical neural networks and other systems with an adaptive coupling strength
Authors: Liu Xiwei , Chen Tianping
Published: April 2009

In this paper, a new scheme to synchronize linearly or nonlinearly coupled identical circuit systems, which include neural networks and other systems, with an adaptive coupling strength is proposed. Unlike other adaptive schemes that synchronize coupled circuit systems to a specified trajectory (or an equilibrium point) of the uncoupled node by adding negative feedbacks adaptively, here the new adaptive scheme for the coupling strength is used to synchronize coupled systems without knowing the final synchronization trajectory. Moreover, the adaptive scheme is applicable when the coupling matrix is unknown or time‐varying. The validity of the new adaptive scheme is also proved rigorously. Finally, several numerical simulations to synchronize coupled neural networks, Chua's circuits and Lorenz systems, are also given to show the effectiveness of the theory. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Meta‐analysis of the effectiveness of psychological and pharmacological treatments for binge eating disorder
Authors: Vocks Silja , Tuschen‐Caffier Brunna , Pietrowsky Reinhard , Rustenbach Stephan Jeff , Kersting Anette , Herpertz Stephan
Published: April 2009

Objective:

The aim of this study was to compute and compare mean effects of various treatments for binge eating disorder.

Method:

A total of 38 studies with 1973 participants fulfilled the defined inclusion criteria. Effect sizes, odds ratios, and simple rates were integrated in fixed and random (mixed) effects categorical models.

Results:

From randomized controlled trials, psychotherapy and structured self‐help, both based on cognitive behavioral interventions, were found to have large effects on the reduction of binge eating. Regarding pharmacotherapy, mainly comprising antidepressants, randomized controlled trials revealed medium effects for the reduction of binge eating. Uncontrolled studies on weight‐loss treatments demonstrated moderate reductions of binge eating. Combination treatments did not result in higher effects compared with single‐treatment regimens. Except for weight‐loss treatment, none of the interventions resulted in a considerable weight reduction.

Discussion:

Psychotherapy and structured self‐help, both based on cognitive‐behavioral interventions, should be recommended as the first‐line treatments. © 2009 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2010
Tuning the Emission Color of Iridium(III) Complexes with Ancillary Ligands: A Combined Experimental and Theoretical Study
Authors: Gu Xin , Fei Teng , Zhang Houyu , Xu Hai , Yang Bing , Ma Yuguang , Liu Xiaodong
Published: April 2009

A series of iridium(III) complexes [Ir(dfppy)2(LX)] {dfppy = 2‐(2,4‐difluorophenyl)pyridine, LX = acac, FIr(acac); dbm, FIr(dbm); natfac, FIr(natfac); acac = acetylacetonate, dbm = dibenzoylmethanane, natfac = 1‐naphthoyl‐3,3,3‐trifluoroacetone} have been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, NMR and IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The cyclic voltammetric, absorption, and emission properties of these complexes have been systematically investigated. Density functional theory (DFT) and time‐dependent DFT (TD‐DFT) calculations have been performed to investigate the ground‐ and excited‐state properties of these complexes to provide an insight into their structural, electronic, and optical properties. The results of this work provide further evidence regarding how and to what extent the substituents on the ancillary ligand LX influence the emission properties of [Ir(dfppy)2(LX)] complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
Microwave‐Promoted Synthesis of N‐Heterocycles by Tandem Imination/Annulation of γ‐ and δ‐Ketoalkynes in the Presence of Ammonia
Authors: Alfonsi Maria , Dell'Acqua Monica , Facoetti Diego , Arcadi Antonio , Abbiati Giorgio , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: April 2009

The synthesis of 3‐substituted 1‐methylpyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines and 3‐substituted isoquinolines was achieved by the intramolecular cyclisation of 2‐acetyl‐1‐propargylpyrroles and 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes, respectively, in the presence of ammonia under microwave heating. The tandem imination/annulation of 2‐alkynylbenzaldehydes was easily accomplished under standard conditions, while TiCl4 was used to achieve pyrrolo[1,2‐a]pyrazines. The reaction mechanism and the regioselectivity were discussed on the basis of theoretical calculations and spectroscopic data. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
New Options for the Reactivity of the Burgess Reagent with Epoxides in Both Racemic and Chiral Auxiliary Modes – Structural and Mechanistic Revisions, Computational Studies, and Application to Synthesis
Authors: Leisch Hannes , Sullivan Bradford , Fonovic Branden , Dudding Travis , Hudlicky Tomas
Published: April 2009

The reaction of the chiral auxiliary version of the Burgess reagent with epoxides yields diastereomeric pairs of sulfamidates, which lead to cis and trans amino alcohols in each enantiomeric series. Experimental and spectral details are provided for all new sulfamidates and the products derived from them. Structure revisions have been made for several previously reported products from the reactions of the Burgess reagent with cyclic oxiranes and styrene diols. Considerable revisions are also suggested for the possible mechanisms operating in the reactions of the Burgess reagent with 1,2‐diols and epoxides. Finally, a Density Functional Theory (DFT) study for the interaction of the achiral version of the Burgess reagent with oxiranes is included along with an explanation of the lack of asymmetric induction observed in reactions conducted in a catalytic mode with C2‐symmetric catalysts. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2009)
G‐Quadruplex DNA Structures and Organic Chemistry: More Than One Connection (Eur. J. Org. Chem. 14/2009)
Authors: Franceschin Marco
Published: April 2009

The cover picture shows the monomeric G‐quadruplex structure of the 22‐mer human telomeric DNA sequence AGGG(TTAGGG)3 derived by X‐ray crystallography in Neidle?s group (G. N. Parkinson, M. P. Lee, S. Neidle, Nature 2002, 417, 876) in a potassium ion solution (PDB code 1KF1). The molecular graphic was produced by using the UCSF Chimera package from the Resource for Biocomputing, Visualization, and Informatics at the University of California, San Francisco (supported by NIH P41 RR‐01081). The DNA backbone is in cyan, covered by a semitransparent meshed surface; K+ ions are represented by violet spheres, and a yellow ribbon follows the strand topology. The four arrows indicate the related main areas of interest for organic chemists: design and synthesis of G‐quadruplex ligands, study of ligand interactions with quadruplex and duplex DNA, quadruplex‐forming modified oligonucleotides and nanostructures based on the G‐quadruplex. In the background, the structures of some well‐known G‐quadruplex ligands, based on perylene, coronene, berberine, porphyrin and acridine moieties, are shown in yellow, as well as the natural compound telomestatin. Details are presented in the Microreview by M. Franceschin on p. 2225 ff.
A Review: Electrochemical Aptasensors with Various Detection Strategies
Authors: Xu Ying , Cheng Guifang , He Pingang , Fang Yuzhi
Published: April 2009

The combinatorial chemical synthesis offers in vitro aptamer generation with limitless aptamer selection for various analytes. Additionally, aptamer has quite many outstanding properties as the biomolecular recognition elements, thus competing with traditional affinity ligands (enzyme, antibodies, lectins etc.) in biological and medicine employments. This article reviews the advancements in electrochemical aptasensors for biomolecule monitoring, emphasizing the efficient detection strategies of sandwich structure formation using two recognition elements to capture and label target respectively, EIS measuring the electronic transfer resistance change, the aptamer conformation change triggering the electrochemical signal on/off and target molecules displacing electroactive markers.
A Simple and Sensitive Biosensor Based on Silver Enhancement of Aptamer‐Gold Nanoparticle Aggregation
Authors: Zhang Zhen , Chen Chunlai , Sheng Zhao Xin
Published: April 2009

We have found that dispersed gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) have higher silver enhancement than that of aggregated AuNPs. Based on this observation we propose a general methodology of assay, the silver enhancement of aptamer‐gold nanoparticle aggregation (SEAGNA). The assay is simple, inexpensive, fast, and sensitive. Adenosine aptamer is used to demonstrate the essence of this method. A tiny amount of sample is enough, and 0.1 pmol (0.1 μM in 1 μL) of adenosine can be detected with naked eyes. The sensitivity of most existing AuNPs‐based colorimetric biosensors can be easily improved by applying our silver enhancement.
The role of paraoxonase polymorphisms in the induction of micronucleus in paraoxon‐treated human lymphocytes
Authors: Rojas‐García Aurora E. , Sordo Monserrat , Vega Libia , Quintanilla‐Vega Bezabet , Solis‐Heredia Maria , Ostrosky‐Wegman Patricia
Published: April 2009

Human paraoxonase‐1 (PON1) is a high‐density lipoprotein‐associated enzyme that has a role in the detoxification of organophosphorus compounds by hydrolyzing the bioactive oxons. PON1 polymorphims are responsible, at least in part, for the variation in the catalytic activity and expression of the enzyme and have been associated with susceptibility to organophosphorus pesticide toxicity, mainly neurotoxicity. The aim of this study was to determine whether paraoxon induced micronuclei and to examine the role of PON1 polymorphism in paraoxon's genotoxic potential. First, dose finding cytogenetic experiments were performed on lymphocyte cultures from three donors and a range of paraoxon concentration (1–25 μM) were tested. In a second set of experiments, 5 μM paraoxon was added to blood cultures of 11 donors with two different PON1 haplotypes (PON T−108M55Q192 with low activity and haplotype PON C−108L55 R192 with high activity, referred to as PON1QQ and as PON1 RR, respectively). Because PON1 is present in blood, the effect of adding 5 μM paraoxon and 70 μl of autologous plasma to lymphocyte cultures also was examined. Paraoxon had no effect on cell viability, but caused a significant dose‐dependent increase in MN frequency. The basal MN frequencies were similar on QQ and RR genotypes. A significant difference was observed in the MN frequency only in lymphocytes from individuals with the QQ genotype treated with 5 μM paraoxon and the autologous plasma did not modify these effects. The results obtained in this study suggest that PON1 genotype might have an important role in the identification of individuals at risk for cancer development due to occupational exposure to pesticides. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Effect of annatto on micronuclei induction by direct and indirect mutagens in HepG2 cells
Authors: Barcelos Gustavo Rafael Mazzaron , Angeli José Pedro Friedmann , Serpeloni Juliana Mara , Rocha Bruno Alves , Mantovani Mário Sérgio , Antunes Lusânia Maria Greggi
Published: April 2009

Annatto (AN), a natural food colorant rich in carotenoids, has been reported as being an effective antioxidant, but little is known about its potential chemopreventive properties. In this study, we evaluated the ability of AN to protect human hepatoma cells (HepG2) from micronucleus (MN) induction against three different mutagens: benzo(a)pyrene (B(a)P), doxorubicin (DXR), and methyl methanesulfonate (MMS). In an attempt to clarify the possible mechanism of antimutagenicity of AN, three protocols of treatment were applied (pretreatment; simultaneous treatment, and post‐treatment with AN following treatment with the mutagens). Also, cells exposed only to AN were assayed for cytotoxicity and mutagenicity. A dosage up to 10 μg/ml of AN was devoid of mutagenic activity. Protective effects were seen on micronuclei induced by B(a)P and DXR using pre and simultaneous treatment, but AN had no significant effect on MN induction by MMS in any of the protocols. Our results also show that exposure of cells to concentrations of AN higher than 10 μg/ml decreased cell viability. Taken together, our findings indicate that AN presents antimutagenic activity in vitro, but its protective effect is dependent on the mutagen and on type of treatment suggesting its potential use as a chemopreventive agent. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Correlation model for spatially distributed ground‐motion intensities
Authors: Jayaram Nirmal , Baker Jack W.
Published: April 2009

Risk assessment of spatially distributed building portfolios or infrastructure systems requires quantification of the joint occurrence of ground‐motion intensities at several sites, during the same earthquake. The ground‐motion models that are used for site‐specific hazard analysis do not provide information on the spatial correlation between ground‐motion intensities, which is required for the joint prediction of intensities at multiple sites. Moreover, researchers who have previously computed these correlations using observed ground‐motion recordings differ in their estimates of spatial correlation. In this paper, ground motions observed during seven past earthquakes are used to estimate correlations between spatially distributed spectral accelerations at various spectral periods. Geostatistical tools are used to quantify and express the observed correlations in a standard format. The estimated correlation model is also compared with previously published results, and apparent discrepancies among the previous results are explained.

The analysis shows that the spatial correlation reduces with increasing separation between the sites of interest. The rate of decay of correlation typically decreases with increasing spectral acceleration period. At periods longer than 2 s, the correlations were similar for all the earthquake ground motions considered. At shorter periods, however, the correlations were found to be related to the local‐site conditions (as indicated by site Vs30 values) at the ground‐motion recording stations. The research work also investigates the assumption of isotropy used in developing the spatial correlation models. It is seen using the Northridge and Chi‐Chi earthquake time histories that the isotropy assumption is reasonable at both long and short periods. Based on the factors identified as influencing the spatial correlation, a model is developed that can be used to select appropriate correlation estimates for use in practical risk assessment problems. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Multi‐scale simulation with a hybrid Boussinesq‐RANS hydrodynamic model
Authors: Sitanggang K. I. , Lynett P. J.
Published: April 2009

A hybrid wave model is developed for simulation of water wave propagation from deep water to shoreline. The constituent wave models are the irrotational, 1‐D horizontal Boussinesq and 2‐D vertical Reynolds‐averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS). The models are two‐way coupled, and the interface is placed at a location where turbulence is relatively small. Boundary conditions on the interfacing side of each model are provided by its counterpart model through data exchange. Prior to the exchange, a data transformation step is carried out due to the differences in physical variables and approximations employed in both models. The hybrid model is tested for both accuracy and speedup performance. Tests consisting of idealized solitary and standing wave motions and wave overtopping of nearshore structures show that: (1) the simulation results of the current hybrid model compare well with the idealized data, experimental data, and pure RANS model results and (2) the hybrid model saves computational time by a factor proportional to the reduction in the size of the RANS model domain. Finally, a large‐scale tsunami simulation is provided for a numerical setup that is practically unapproachable using RANS model alone; not only does the hybrid model offer more rapid simulation of relatively small‐scale problems, it provides an opportunity to examine very large total domains with the fine resolution typical of RANS simulations. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Greater leftward lateralization of the inferior frontal gyrus in second language learners with higher syntactic abilities
Authors: Nauchi Arihito , Sakai Kuniyoshi L.
Published: April 2009

There is a great individual variability for acquiring syntactic knowledge in a second language (L2). Little is, however, known if there is any anatomical basis in the brain for individual differences in syntactic acquisition. Here we examined brain structures in 95 nonnative speakers of English, including 78 high‐school students and 17 adult international students. We found a significant correlation between the performance of a syntactic task and leftward lateralization of a single region in the triangular part (F3t) of the inferior frontal gyrus, which has been proposed as the grammar center. Moreover, this correlation was independent of the performance of a spelling task, age, gender, and handedness. This striking result suggests that the neural basis for syntactic abilities in L2 is independent of that for lexical knowledge in L2, further indicating that the individual differences in syntactic acquisition are related to the lateralization of the grammar center. Hum Brain Mapp, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Sequence dependence of cell growth inhibition by EGFR–tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839, docetaxel, and cisplatin in head and neck cancer
Authors: Klass Carmen M. , Choe Mi Sun , Hurwitz Selwyn J. , Tighiouart Mourad , Zhang Xin , Chen Zhuo (Georgia) , Shin Dong M.
Published: April 2009

Background

This study was to explore whether the efficacy of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZD1839 (Z, Iressa, gefitinib) plus chemotherapeutic agents docetaxel (D) and cisplatin (P) may benefit from sequencing of the combination.

Methods

Three head and neck cancer cell lines were used to study the effect of various combinations of and relative sequencing of D, P, and Z in cell growth inhibition. A population pharmacokinetic stimulation study was conducted on Z in silico and used together with the growth inhibition data to derive principles for future in vivo use of this drug combination.

Results

The inhibitory effects of Z on combinations of D and P were sequence dependent. Treatment simultaneously with DPZ or with DP followed by Z (DP→Z) showed synergistic effects in all 3 cell lines. However, sequencing with Z followed by DP (Z→DP), gave an antagonistic effect, suggesting that D and P should be administered when the effect of Z is low. The induction of apoptosis was also sequence dependent. The in silico pharmacokinetic study suggested the feasibility of deriving a 5‐day‐on/2‐day‐off regimen for Z, in which D and P administration commences when levels of Z are low, allowing levels of Z to accumulate sufficiently during the remainder of the cycle.

Conclusion

These data suggests that it is feasible to design clinical trials with these settings to maximize the efficacy of this combined drug regimen. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2009
CD24 polymorphisms affect risk and progression of chronic hepatitis B virus infection #
Authors: Li Dongling , Zheng Linghua , Jin Lei , Zhou Yuesu , Li Haiying , Fu Junliang , Shi Ming , Du Peishuang , Wang Lizhong , Wu Hao , Chen Guo-Yun , Zheng Pan , Liu Yang , Wang Fu-Sheng , Wang Shengdian
Published: April 2009

T-cell immunity to hepatitis B virus (HBV) is involved in both viral clearance and the pathogenesis of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma following chronic HBV infection. It is therefore of great interest to analyze whether genetic polymorphism of genes involved in the immune response may determine the outcomes of chronic HBV infection. Here we report that CD24 polymorphisms affect the risk and progression of chronic HBV infection. Thus the CD24 P170
T
allele, which is expressed at a higher level, is associated with an increased risk of chronic HBV infection. Among the chronic HBV patients this allele shows recessive association with more rapid progression to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma in comparison to the P170
C
allele. In contrast, a dinucleotide deletion at position 1527–1528 (P1527
del
), which reduces CD24 expression, is associated with a significantly reduced risk of chronic HBV infection. To confirm the role for CD24 in liver carcinogenesis, we compared the size of liver tumor developed in CD24−/− and CD24+/− HBV transgenic mice. Our data demonstrate that targeted mutation of CD24 drastically reduced the sizes of spontaneous liver cancer in the HBV transgenic mice. Conclusion: These data demonstrate that genetic variation of CD24 may be an important determinant for the outcome of chronic HBV infection. (Hepatology 2009.)