bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Pengelolaan Sampah Rumah Tangga di Kecamatan Danau Teluk Kota Jambi
Authors: Ningsih Afrida Setia , Sugiarto Sugiarto
Published: December 2020

Based on data from the Jambi City Environmental Service, it is known that from 11 Districts in Jambi City, the percentage of landfills in Teluk Teluk District is in the first place, which is 71%. The research objective was to determine the factors associated with household waste management in Danau Teluk District, Jambi City. This research is a quantitative study with a cross sectional design. The research sample was 94 housewives who lived in Danau Teluk District, Jambi City using simple random sampling technique. This study was analyzed by univariate and bivariate analysis using the chi-square test. The instrument used was a questionnaire. The results showed that as many as 76.6% of respondents had good knowledge, 21.3% had sufficient knowledge and 2.1% had low knowledge, 91.5% of respondents had good facilities and infrastructure and 8.5% had good facilities and infrastructure. poor infrastructure, 75.5% of respondents have high motivation and 24.5% have low motivation and 60.6% have a role in the role of health workers while 39.4% do not play a role of health workers. The results of the bivariate analysis show that there is no relationship between knowledge (0.631) and facilities and infrastructure (0.911), while for the motivation variable (0.001) and the role of officers (0.002) there is a relationship with household waste management in Danau Teluk District, Jambi City in 2020. encouragement or support from family, closest people and health workers or the local government or local government to be able to advocate / invite the community to no longer be accustomed to littering or burning garbage to be behavior that pays more attention to the surrounding environment
Mark Ravenhill’in Shoot/Get Treasure/Repeat Adlı Oyununda Korku Kültürü
Authors: PALA Yavuz
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmada çağdaş İngiliz tiyatrosunun önde gelen yazarlarından Mark Ravenhill’in Shoot/Get Treasure/Repeat adlı oyununda günümüz Batı toplumlarını etkisi altında tutan korku kültürü incelenmektedir. Çalışmada Thomas Hobbes ve Niccolo Machiavelli’nin felsefeleri temel alınarak belirtilen oyunda korku ile toplum ve korku ile iktidar ilişkileri incelenmektedir. Bu düşünürlerin yanı sıra Frank Furedi, Lars Svendsen, Zygmunt Bauman ve Sara Ahmed gibi günümüz kuramcılarının fikirleri ışığında Batı toplumlarında ortaya çıktığı şekliyle korku kültürü ve etkileri ele alınmıştır. Ravenhill’in oyununda günümüz Batı toplumlarının, güvenlik anlayışlarını temelinden sarsan terör olayları sonucu, küresel ekonomi sisteminin ve iktidarların dayattığı her şeyi sorgusuz şekilde takip eden edilgen yapılarına dikkat çekilmektedir. Ayrıca korku kültürünün neden olduğu yabancılaşma, şiddet ve ötekileştirme temaları iktidar sorunsalı açısından tartışılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı korkunun değişim ve gelişim sürecine de ışık tutarak bu duygunun günümüz toplumlarını nasıl etkisi altına aldığını ortaya koyabilmektir. Çalışma boyunca Ravenhill’in bakış açısından özellikle çağdaş Batı toplumunda ortaya çıktığı şekliyle korkuyu tanımlama ve oluşturduğu kültürü anlama çabamızın nedeni modern çağın ve toplumların doğasını anlamaya daha yakın olabilme düşüncesidir.
Benlik Saygısı ve Yaşam Memnuniyeti İlişkisi: Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi Öğrencileri Örneği
Authors: GÜLER Abdurrahim
Published: December 2020

Bu çalışmanın amacı Ağrı İbrahim Çeçen Üniversitesi’nde eğitim gören öğrencilerin demografik özellikleri ve benlik saygılarının yaşam memnuniyetine olan katkısını incelemektir. Benlik saygısının öğrencilerin üniversite dönemlerinde kariyer planlamadan kaynaklı olarak yükseldiği öngörülmektedir. Bu nedenle benlik saygısının öğrencilerin yaşam memnuniyetini olumlu yönde etkilediği yapılan çalışmalarla ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırmanın örneklemi ilgili üniversitedeki 136 öğrenciden oluşmaktadır. Araştırmanın verileri yaşam memnuniyet ölçeği, benlik saygısı ölçeği ve demografik özellikleri kapsayan tarama yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Genel olarak bakıldığında katılımcıların benlik saygısı ve yaşam memnuniyeti puan ortalamaları yüksek çıkmıştır. Buna rağmen demografik özellikler ile yaşam memnuniyeti arasında anlamlı bir ilişki bulunamamıştır. Cinsiyet ve sınıf düzeyi farklılıkları benlik saygısı ve yaşam memnuniyeti üzerinde bir farklılık göstermemiştir. Benlik saygısı ile yaşam memnuniyeti arasında pozitif ve anlamlı bir korelasyon saptanmıştır. Ayrıca çoklu regresyon analizine göre benlik saygısı yaşam memnuniyetinin önemli bir açıklayıcısıdır. Araştırmanın sonucuna göre katılımcıların benlik saygıları yükseldikçe yaşamdan aldıkları doyum da artmaktadır. Ayrıca benlik saygısı demografik özelliklerin etkisi kontrol altına alındıktan sonra yaşam memnuniyetini anlamlı bir şekilde açıklamaktadır.
PERSEPSI SISWA KELAS XI SMAN 7 WAJO TERHADAP PEMBELAJARAN JARAK JAUH (ONLINE/VIRTUAL) PADA MASA PANDEMI COVID-19
Authors: Cahyani Ainun Dwi , Gusniawati . , Buhaerah .
Published: December 2020

Adanya pandemi Covid-19 yang melanda dunia sudah lebih dari enam bulan terakhir ini berdampak terhadap perubahan aktifitas belajar-mengajar. Dunia pendidikan mendapatkan tantangan di masa pandemi dengan menjalankan proses belajar mengajar secara virtual/ online. Siswa yang merupakan salah satu elemen terpenting dijadikan sebagai responden untuk mengetahui bagaimana persepsi mereka terhadap dimensi dalam proses belajar mengajar secara virtual/online siswa kelas XI Sekolah Menengah Atas Negeri 7 Wajo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitaif dengan menyebar kuesioner melalui google form kepada sampel yaitu kelas XI IPA 2 dan XI IPA 5. Data responden ditampilkan dalam bentuk diagram lingkaran. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah secara umum siswa memiliki persepsi positif terhadap pembelajaran virtual/online. Hal ini disimpulkan berdasar pada penelitian dimana siswa dapat menyesuaikan diri dengan semua hal terkait dengan pembelajaran online. Walaupun siswa cenderung lebih menyukai pembelajaran di  dalam kelas dibandingkan pembelajaran secara online.Kata kunci: : Persepsi siswa, Pembelajaran virtual/online
EFEKTIVITAS PEMBELAJARAN DARING TERHADAP MINAT BELAJAR MATEMATIKA
Authors: Nurkalina . , Gusniawati . , Buhaerah .
Published: December 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui gambaran efektivitas pembelajaran daring terhadap minat belajar matematika menggunakan media online selama masa pandemi covid-19. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif yang focus pada evaluasi pembelajaran menggunakan media online. Populasi penelitian yakni seluruh peserta didik SMAN 7 Wajo yang diajar pada mata pelajaran matematika menggunakan metode daring. Sampel penelitian ini yakni peserta didik kelas XI IPA Khusus SMAN 7 Wajo yang dipilih menggunakan teknik simple random sampling dengan mempertimbangkan homogenitas populasi. Instrument pengumpulan data menggunakan kuesioner pembelajaran daring. Analisis data menggunakan statistic deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menggambarkan peserta didik menilai pembelajaran matematika menggunakan media online sangat tidak efektif karena pencapaian tujuan yang sangat jauh dari kata maksimal dan tidak adanya peningkatan minat belajar bagi siswa dengan pembelajaran yang di lakukan secara daring. Akhirnya untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran daring matematika selama pandemi covid-19.. Kata kunci: : Efektifitas, minat belajar, media daring
PENGARUH MEDIA VIDEO PEMBELAJARAN TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR MATEMATIKA PESERTA DIDIK DI SMPN 4 JOMBANG
Authors: Zulatifah Heni , Muktiadji Henky
Published: December 2020

Pembelajaran  matematika di sekolah cenderung monoton dan kurang adanya inovasi pembelajaran dari guru yang menjadikan peserta didik jenuh. Dalam hal ini peneliti ingin memberikan suatu media video pembelajaran agar suasana belajar tidak monoton. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya pengaruh media video pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar matematika peserta didik di SMPN 4 Jombang.Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian kuantitatif jenis penelitian eksperimen semu (Quasi Experimental Research) dengan desain penelitiannya the nonequivalent posttest-only control group desaign. Populasi yang digunakan adalah seluruh peserta didik kelas VII di SMPN 4 Jombang tahun ajaran 2019/2020 yang terdiri dari delapan kelas. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan teknik cluster random sampling. Dari delapan kelas diambil dua kelas yang dijadikan sampel penelitian yaitu kelas VII C berjumlah 29 peserta didik sebagai kelas eksperimen dengan pembelajaran online menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp grub (WAG) dan diberi perlakuan berupa pemberian media video pembelajaran dan kelas VII D berjumlah 31 peserta didik sebagai kelas kontrol dengan  pembelajaran online menggunakan aplikasi whatsapp grub (WAG) dan tidak diberi perlakuan berupa pemberian media video pembelajaran.  Pengumpulan data dilakukan menggunakan instrumen berupa tes hasil belajar. Data yang diperoleh dari nilai post–test akan dianalisis untuk menguji hipotesis penelitian menggunakan uji perbedaan rata–rata dua sampel bebas (independent sample t-test). Berdasarkan hasil analisis menggunakan aplikasi SPSS 20.0 for windows diperoleh nilai  dan dengan diperoleh nilai  yang berarti nilai . Selain itu berdasarkan nilai Sig(2–tailed) sebesar 0,000 maka nilai Sehingga dari pengujian hipotesis tersebut H0 ditolak dan H1 diterima yang berarti dapat disimpulkan bahwa ada pengaruh media video pembelajaran terhadap hasil belajar matematika peserta didik di SMPN 4 Jombang. Kata kunci: Media Pembelajaran, Video Pembelajaran, Hasil Belajar Matematika
Decentralized Identity Systems: Architecture, Challenges, Solutions and Future Directions
Authors: Dib Omar , Toumi Khalifa
Published: December 2020

Due to the exponential rise of the Internet in the last two decades, the digital presence has seen an enormous increase. Today, billions of people, devices and objects are digitally connected making the interactions much easier than before. To securely establish this connectivity in the digital era, proving digital identities has become crucial. Due to this, a growing number of organizations are building solutions that establish, verify and manage digital identities. Yet, a solution whereby digital identities and their associated data are efficiently managed is still far from being achieved. To fully understand the reason behind this lack, this paper provides a detailed state of the art related to identity management systems. It overviews traditional systems, analyses their strengths and limitations. This work highly focuses on the novel decentralized identity systems based on blockchain; a complete study describing their architecture, components, lifecycle and workflow is detailed. Additionally, solutions enabling decentralized identity are discussed, analysed and compared according to the ten principles of self-sovereign identity. Lastly, the challenges hindering the shift toward the fully decentralized identity paradigm are discussed.
A Novel Hybrid Intrusion Detection System (IDS) for the Detection of Internet of Things (IoT) Network Attacks
Authors: Ramadan Rabie A. , Yadav Kusum
Published: December 2020

Nowadays, IoT has been widely used in different applications to improve the quality of life. However, the IoT becomes increasingly an ideal target for unauthorized attacks due to its large number of objects, openness, and distributed nature. Therefore, to maintain the security of IoT systems, there is a need for an efficient Intrusion Detection System (IDS). IDS implements detectors that continuously monitor the network traffic. There are various IDs methods proposed in the literature for IoT security. However, the existing methods had the disadvantages in terms of detection accuracy and time overhead. To enhance the IDS detection accuracy and reduces the required time, this paper proposes a hybrid IDS system where a pre-processing phase is utilized to reduce the required time and feature selection as well as the classification is done in a separate stage. The feature selection process is done by using the Enhanced Shuffled Frog Leaping (ESFL) algorithm and the selected features are classified using Light Convolutional Neural Network with Gated Recurrent Neural Network (LCNN-GRNN) algorithm. This two-stage method is compared to up-to-date methods used for intrusion detection and it over performs them in terms of accuracy and running time due to the light processing required by the proposed method.
Detection of pathogenic bacteria associated with earphones used by students of Stamford University Bangladesh
Authors: Chowdhury Omor Ahmed , Ahmed Md Raihan , Dipu Md Raihan , Uddin Md Aftab
Published: December 2020

The use of earphones has increased in recent times throughout the world especially among the different level of students such as school, college or university who have a higher tendency of sharing these among them. Unlike airline headsets, headphones and stethoscope ear-pieces, ear phones are often shared by multiple users and can be a potential medium for transmission of pathogens, which can give rise to various ear related infections. The objective of this study was to detect the pathogenic bacteria from the ear-phones used by the students of Stamford University Bangladesh. A total of 16 ear-phone swabs were collected by sterile cotton swabs. The swabs were inoculated onto blood agar and incubated aerobically overnight at 37oC. Microscopic observation and standard biochemical tests were performed to confirm the identification of all the bacterial isolates. Six presumptively identified Staphylococcus spp. (38%) were tested against six different types of antibiotics following Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Isolates were found to be 84% resistant against Cotrimoxazole and demonstrated 100% sensitivity to Vancomycin and Ciprorofloxacin. The findings of this study suggest the users to disinfect their respective ear phones and not to exchange them as they may act as a potential source to transfer pathogenic and antibiotic resistant bacteria among the ear phone users.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 1-4
Ornaments of daily usage can be a source of microbial contamination and a causative agent of diseases
Authors: Sultana Tohura , Nur Ifra Tun
Published: December 2020

Hand hygiene is the most simple and effective way to prevent infection. Contaminated hand and related ornaments act as a vector of transmitting diseases. The main goal of this study was to find out whether personal accessories of different categories of working women are responsible for foodborne illness or contagious diseases. For this purpose, six categories of individuals were chosen, and five types of ornaments were taken from each individual. Total thirty swab samples were taken from the surface of bangles, nose pins, ear rings, finger rings and chains. Conventional culture techniques and biochemical tests were performed to determine the presence and identification of the pathogenic microorganisms. Total viable bacteria was present in all those samples but the presence of specific microorganisms were not found in all of those samples. Moderate growth of Staphylococcus spp. was found in finger rings and ear rings of the home makers and presence of Escherichia coli was detected in 16% of these samples as an indicator of fecal contamination. In the light of these results, it is essential to maintain proper hand hygiene and sanitation practice as some ornaments could be the significant source of pathogenic microorganisms. Food handlers and health care workers should abide by the rules and regulations of personal hygiene.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 5-8
Combined usage of rHVT-H5 and Re-6 vaccines towards an effective avian influenza vaccination program for commercial layer chickens
Authors: Ali Md Zulfekar
Published: December 2020

Vaccination against highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) of subtype H5N1 is one of the possible means to protect chickens against its outbreak in endemic countries. Early vaccination of layer birds with recombinant vector vaccine based on turkey herpesvirus expressing H5 gene (rHVT-H5) provides longer protection while inactivated vaccine Re-6 needs multiple booster doses to achieve continuous antibody titer. Therefore, this study was carried out to offer a vaccination program using live rHVT-H5 and inactivated Re-6 vaccines in field condition. For this trial, five ISA brown commercial layer chicken farms were raised with 500 birds per farm. Two licensed vaccines- rHVT-H5 and Re-6 in Bangladesh were used for this trial where birds in farms 1 and 2 were administered only rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old, and farms 3 and 4 rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old then boosted with Re-6 vaccine at 25 weeks of age. Farm 5 was not vaccinated and functioned as control. Blood samples were randomly collected from 20 birds in each farm at 3-week interval from 2 weeks old till 65 weeks and harvested serum analyzed by haemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for antibodies against HPAIV H5N1. The titer of haemagglutination inhibiting antibodies against AIV H5N1 on farms 3 and 4 was considerably high and remained up to 65 weeks. However, in farm 1 and 2 there was decline in antibody titer after 56 weeks of age. This study demonstrated that the combined use of rHVT-H5 vaccine at one-day-old and Re-6 at 25 weeks of age enhanced a longer lasting protective antibody against circulating HPAIV H5N1 in commercial layer chickens in Bangladesh.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 9-11
Microbiological analysis of popular spreads used in restaurants inside Dhaka city, Bangladesh
Authors: Ahmed Tasnia , Uddin Md Aftab
Published: December 2020

Spreads are used widely for making the fast foods more amazing and tasty. Varieties and cross combinations of ingredients are used to make many flavours of fast foods. Different restaurants prepare their signature spreads for attracting people but this can cause opposite result if not prepared using high quality raw materials and proper hygienic conditions are not maintained. Current study was conducted on ten different types of spreads (pesto, cilantro, queso, tomato sauce, peanut butter, honey, mustard, cream cheese, chocolate sauce and butter) which are used by the local restaurants in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Almost all the samples (nine out of ten) harbored total viable bacteria exceeding the standard limit. Four spread samples showed high fungal count (102 cfu/gm). Four samples showed to be positive (˃101/ml recommended acceptable count) for Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. which indicates that these spread cannot be recommended for public consumption. Among all the samples examined, only chocolate sauce showed acceptable result without the presence of coliforms, Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. This finding suggests proper maintenance of sanitation in spread preparation and selling area. A proper guidelines and monitoring can help keep up the quality of food additives.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 16-19
Application of microbiological assay to determine the potency of intravenous antibiotics
Authors: Nahar Saimun , Khatun Most Salma , Kabir Md Shahidul
Published: December 2020

Demonstration of equivalent amounts of active pharmaceutical ingredient is a basic requirement for intravenous generic drugs prior to administration. Physicochemical methods are often used to determine concentration of antibiotics in biological fluids. However, it does not permit direct quantification of potency of a desired antibiotic. This study demonstrates the application of a microbiological assay to determine the potency and concentration of commercially available pharmaceutical-grade antibiotics used for injections. Concentration-dependent variation of inhibitory effect of four commercial brands of cefuroxime and two of ciprofloxacin were observed against two reference bacteria (Escherichia coli DH5α and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739) on Mueller Hinton agar. Regression analysis was used to assess the in vitro equivalence of generic products sold by different retail companies in Dhaka city. A linear relationship was found between the concentration and response of the bacteria in regression analysis where anti-log of X-intercept and slope showed the concentration and potency, respectively. The study showed excellent results of linearity (r2≥0.89), precision (inter assay variation ≤10% for cefuroxime and ≤20% for ciprofloxacin), accuracy and specificity tests for both types of antibiotics. Pharmaceutical equivalence demonstrated by four cefuroxime and two ciprofloxacin samples showed no significantly distinguishable slopes (P > 0.78 and P > 0.44) and intercepts (P > 0.25 and P > 0.07), respectively. Estimated potency for cefuroxime was 91.1-100.0% and for ciprofloxacin was 68.1-100.0%. Microbiological assay was found to be convenient, rapid, cost-effective, precise and accurate in demonstrating pharmaceutical equivalence of antibiotics in different dosage forms. This technique can be used as an alternative method for testing generic antibiotics prior to their use in animal and human.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 25-29
The occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria and screening the possible presence of residual antibiotics in poultry feed samples
Authors: Hossain Md Al Amin , Shewly Sumona Rahman , Mazumder Chayanika , Arowan Shah Murshid Uj Jaman , Munshi Saurab Kishore
Published: December 2020

The use of antibiotics in the poultry and livestock industries for the treatment and prevention of infectious diseases, and as growth promoters in poultry feeds has increased worldwide. Such frequent employment of antibiotics may contribute to the development and dissemination of bacterial antibiotic resistance. The present study was an attempt to isolate drug-resistant bacteria and to screen the probability of having residual antibiotics in the poultry feed samples. Therefore, a total of 18 samples inclusive of starter, grower and finisher of two poultry feed brands of reputed Bangladeshi feed companies were collected and subjected to microbiological analysis, antibiogram and agar well diffusion assay. All the samples contained extended numbers of total viable bacteria and fungi in an average of 108 and 107 cfu/g, respectively. Klebsiellaspp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp. were predominantly present in the tested samples. E. coli and Vibrio spp. were also found in most of the samples. Most isolates have been determined to be multidrug-resistant. All the isolates showed resistance against Cefuroxime. Penicillin resistance was found in most of the isolates in greater proportion. Higher rate of resistance was evident against Novobiocin, Cephradine and Rifampicin. However, the bacterial isolates showed sensitivity to Tobramycin, Nalidixic acid and Neomycin. The poultry feed samples, especially starter and finisher of both brands noticeably had significant antimicrobial activity against the laboratory isolates indicative of the probable presence of residual antibiotics which might be used as supplements in the poultry feed samples.

Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 30-34
SENTIDO DE APROPIACIÓN AL ESPACIO INTERIOR DEL HÁBITAT DOMÉSTICO
Authors: Moyano-Lucero Paula Estefanía , Vanegas-Peña Santiago
Published: December 2020

La construcción de viviendas en serie en Cuenca y alrededor del mundo se han incrementado de manera exponencial, convirtiéndose en una solución habitacional desarrollada en el campo inmobiliario. Si bien la construcción en serie entrega un recurso para satisfacer una necesidad básica de las personas, es necesario investigar el sentido de apropiación al espacio interior del hábitat doméstico considerando que los espacios no fueron proyectados ni resueltos bajo un programa de necesidades realizados a medida. El objetivo de la investigación es indagar la identificación simbólica y las transformaciones realizadas en los departamentos modelos para comprender el sentido de apropiación y concebir las auto creaciones y auto representaciones de los propietarios en sus espacios interiores.

Palabras clave: Apropiación, hábitat doméstico, vivienda colectiva, transformación espacial.

AbstractSerial housing construction in Cuenca and around the world has increased drammatically, becoming a housing solution developed in the real estate field. Although serial construction is a source of satisfaction to basic needs of people, it is necessary to investigate the sense of appropriation to the interior space of the domestic habitat considering that the spaces were not projected or solved under a program of needs adapted to a specifi measure. The objective of the research was to investigate the symbolic identification and the transformations carried out in the model apartments to understand the sense of appropriation and conceive the owners' self-creations and self-representations in their interior spaces.

Keywords: Ownership, domestic habitat, collective housing, spatial transformation.
UMBRAL ENTRE EL ESPACIO INTERIOR COMERCIAL Y LA PEATONAL. CASO: PEATONAL LIJNBAAN
Authors: Orellana-Ordóñez Diana , Vanegas-Peña Santiago
Published: December 2020

El objetivo de la presente investigación se basa en demostrar la ausencia de límites entre el espacio interior y el espacio exterior en un escenario comercial, se desarrolla en la calle Peatonal Lijnbaan, Rotterdam con la aspiración de entender que ocurre previo y después de una fachada -escaparate- comercial; las peatonales comerciales son fragmentos de pocos metros en donde el peatón interactúa inmediatamente con el espacio y permite contacto entre lo privado (tienda comercial) y lo público (conjunto comercial calle); los elementos compositivos tanto del interior como del exterior son los datos base para la comparación, el método relacional resulta de la abstracción teórica de textos relacionados con la guía de espacios interiores de carácter comercial así como espacios urbanos peatonales; una exploración a través de tres dimensiones, la primera focalizada sobre la calle comercial, la escala humana – urbana- del conjunto, la segunda, la escala del producto, asentada sobre elementos de un interior comercial, y por último en la búsqueda de la similitud y equilibrio de elementos surge la tercera, el umbral, como un espacio sin límites definidos.

Palabras clave: Espacios intermedios, tienda comercial, relación espacial, escala, elementos del espacio.

AbstractThe objective of this research was based on demonstrating the absence of limits between interior and exterior space in a commercial setting. It was developed in the Lijnbaan Pedestrian Street, Rotterdam with the aspiration of understanding what happens before and after a commercial facade - window -. The commercial pedestrian ones were fragments of few meters where the pedestrian interacted immediately with the space and allowed contact between the private (commercial store) and the public (commercial street set). The compositional elements of both the interior and the exterior were the base data for the comparison, the relational method results from the theoretical abstraction of texts related to the guide of interior spaces of commercial character as well as urban pedestrian spaces. There was an exploration through three dimensions, the first one focused on the commercial street, the human scale - urban - of the set, the second one, the scale of the product, seated on elements of a commercial interior, and finally, in the search of the similarity and balance of elements the third one arises, the threshold, as a space without defined limits.

Keywords: Intermediate spaces, commercial store, spatial relationship, scale, space elements.
Evolución de los modelos para la medición del riesgo financiero
Authors: Orellana-Osorio Iván , Reyes Marco Antonio , Cevallos-Rodríguez Estefanía
Published: December 2020

El propósito de esta investigación será conocer los principales modelos  de medición de riesgo sistemático existentes e identificar las variables utilizadas, para posteriormente estudiar la factibilidad en la  implementación de los modelos en mercados emergentes como el caso de Ecuador. Por medio de investigación cualitativa y de tipo descriptivo, se logró determinar que los modelos de medición de riesgo han evolucionado significativamente. El modelo CAPM es el más utilizado por inversionistas para medir el riesgo, sin embargo, posee limitaciones y ha recibido críticas por el alto grado de sensibilidad que posee el cálculo del coeficiente BETA. Diversos autores han elaborado modelos de medición de riesgo, a partir del CAPM clásico, entre los que destacan: modelo Zero – Beta CAPM, CAPM Intertemporal, modelo APT (Teoría del Arbitraje), modelo Consumption CAPM, modelo de los Tres Factores de Fama y French y el D – CAPM, sin embargo, ¿qué tan factible es la aplicación de estos modelos en mercados emergentes? Debido al alto grado de volatilidad de las variables utilizadas en los modelos, y principalmente en mercados emergentes como el Ecuador, es necesario plantear nuevos modelos de medición de riesgo aplicables a nuestra realidad, teniendo como referencia de cálculo al modelo CAPM.
Determinantes de la inflación en Ecuador en el periodo 2000-2018
Authors: Calderón-Brito Adrián , Quinde-Quinde Érika , Orellana-Osorio Iván , Reyes-Clavijo Marco
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar los componentes de la de inflación la inflación en la en economía el Ecuador, son y consecuencia establecer si de las choques variaciones de la inflación en la economía son consecuencia de choques exógenos, o si son producto de la aplicación de la política económica. En el análisis se utiliza un modelo de regresión por mínimos cuadrados ordinarios, que abarca el periodo enero-2000 hasta abril-2018. Las variables con mayor relevancia al predecir la inflación, son el tipo de cambio real y el salario nominal, seguido del gasto público y la oferta monetaria. La aplicación econométrica, por medio de Stata, indicó que todas las variables son estadísticamente significativas al 1%; la variable dependiente fue el IPC, mientras que las variables independientes fueron el tipo de cambio real, salario nominal, gasto público y la oferta monetaria. Existe una relación inversa entre la inflación y el tipo de cambio real, y el resto de variables tienen una relación directa con la inflación; cuando el tipo de cambio real aumenta un 1%, la inflación se reduce en un 0,34%, y, cuando los salarios aumentan en 1%, la inflación también lo hace en 0,26%. El gasto público y la oferta monetaria no explican en mayor medida el comportamiento de la inflación. En cuanto al tipo de cambio real, el Ecuador no se encuentra en la capacidad de establecer políticas dirigidas a incrementar la competitividad del país en el ámbito mundial; una política económica que busque sustituir progresivamente la importación de bienes intermedios por bienes nacionales sería muy conveniente.
El gasto público en educación y su impacto en el crecimiento de la economía ecuatoriana 2007-2017
Authors: Mejía-Matute Silvia , Samaniego Kevin
Published: December 2020

El propósito de esta investigación será conocer los principales modelos de medición de riesgo sistemático existentes e identificar las vari ables utilizadas, para posteriormente estudiar la factibilidad en la  implementación de los modelos en mercados emergentes como el caso de Ecuador. Por medio de investigación cualitativa y de tipo descriptivo, se logró determinar que los modelos de medición de riesgo han evolucionado significativamente. El modelo CAPM es el más utilizado por inversionistas para medir el riesgo, sin embargo, posee limitaciones y ha recibido críticas por el alto grado de sensibilidad que posee el cálculo del coeficiente BETA.  Diversos autores han elaborado modelos de medición de riesgo, a partir del CAPM clásico, entre los que destacan: modelo Zero – Beta CAPM, CAPM Intertemporal, modelo APT (Teoría del Arbitraje), modelo Consumption CAPM, modelo de los Tres Factores de Fama y French y el D – CAPM, sin embargo, ¿qué tan factible es la aplicación de estos modelos en mercados emergentes? Debido al alto grado de volatilidad de las variables utilizadas en los modelos, y principalmente en mercados emergentes como el Ecuador, es necesario plantear nuevos modelos de medición de riesgo aplicables a nuestra realidad, teniendo como referencia de cálculo al modelo CAPM.
Responsabilidad Social Empresarial: una revisión bibliográfica.
Authors: Guevara Crespo Nicole , Romero Palacios Viviana
Published: December 2020

La Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) tiene como eje principal establecer un equilibrio entre lo económico, social y ambiental; de tal manera, que la empresa alcance sus propios objetivos, al tiempo que aporta al bienestar de la comunidad, el medio ambiente y sus grupos de interés. El presente artículo es de carácter bibliográfico, siendo su objetivo esclarecer la relevancia de la RSE en los negocios, así como en las problemáticas sociales y medioambientales. Ante esto, cabe preguntarse ¿cuáles son las ventajas de la responsabilidad social para las organizaciones a través de las evidencias literarias disponibles? A la luz de las publicaciones analizadas, puede afirmarse que, de una u otra manera, la responsabilidad social, estratégicamente diseñada y ejecutada, aportaa la mejor consecución de los objetivos empresariales, competitividad, desarrollo sostenible y rentable. Su aplicación requiere de compromiso en todo nivel de la organización; no obstante, existe una ausencia y falta de claridad del concepto de RSE en las compañías, lo que empaña su valor y alcance real.Palabras clave: Cambio, empresarial, éxito, responsabilidad, social.

AbstractThe Corporate Social Responsibility has as main axis to establish a balance between the economic, social and environmental, in such a way that the company achieves its own objectives while contributing to the well-being of the community, the environment and its stakeholders. This article is bibliographic in nature, its objective being to clarify the relevance of corporate social responsibility in business, as well as in social and environme ntal issues. Given this, it is worth asking, what are the advantages of social responsibility for organizations through the available literary evidence? In the light of the publications analyzed, it can be affirmed that in one way or another the social responsibility strategically designed and executed contributes to the best achievement of business objectives, competitiveness, sustainable and profitable development. Its application requires commitment at all levels of the organization. However, there is an absence and lack of clarity of the concept of CSR in companies; which tarnishes its value and real reach.Keywords: Change, business, success, responsibility, social.
Estudio exploratorio de estrategia de descuento que utilizan las principales cadenas de supermercados del Ecuador para persuadir el consumo de alimentos
Authors: UAzuay Administrador
Published: December 2020

El objetivo del presente estudio exploratorio consiste en identificar la estrategia de descuento que utilizan las principales cadenas de supermercados del Ecuador, para persuadir el consumo de productos de los grupos de alimentos. El método de investigación utiliza do fue la revisión sistemática de literatura, tanto de artículos científicos, de literatura gris, como de los portales de internet de las principales cadenas de supermercados a nivel nacional, durante la primera semana del mes de febrero de 2019. Con estos insumos, se construyeron dos tablas que muestran las estrategias utilizadas por las cadenas de supermercados relacionadas con la distribución geográfica de puntos de venta (POP, point of purchase, por sus siglas en inglés) y su concentración; y, descuento en grupos de alimentos. En lo que respecta a los resultados obtenidos, se puede decir que la estrategia de descuento que aplican las cadenas de supermercados se direcciona a ciertos productos específicos de los grupos de alimentos, distribuidos en los diferentes días de la semana y con porcentajes que varían desde el 10 hasta el 25%. Como conclusión, se destaca que, de las cuatrocadenas de supermercados, tres aplican estrategias de descuento del 10, 20 y 25%; principalmente, en legumbres, frutas, verduras. En lo que respecta a carnes, las estrategias fluctúan entre el 10 y 15%. En productos como leche, yogurt y huevos se aplica el 10% de descuento.Palabras clave: Consumo, descuento, estrategias, marketing, supermercados

AbstractThe objective of this exploratory study is to identify the discount strategy used by the main supermarket chains in Ecuador, to persuade the consumption of products from food groups. The research method used was the systematic review of literature, both scientific articles, gray literature, and Internet portals of major supermarket chains nation wide, during the first week of February 2019. With these inputs, two tables were created that show the strategies used by the supermarket chains related to the geographical distribution of points of sale and their concentration; and discounts on food groups. With regard to the results obtained, it can be said that the discount strategy applied by the upermarket chains is directed to certain specific products of the food groups distributed on the different days of the week; and with percentages that vary from 10 to 25%. In conclusion, it is noted that of the four supermarket chains, three apply discount strategies of 10, 20 and 25%, mainly in vegetables and fruits. With regard to meats, the strategies fluctuate between 10 and 15%. In  products such as milk, yogurt and eggs the 10% discount is applied.

Keywords: Consumption, discounts, strategies, marketing, supermarkets
Herramienta para medir la gestión de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial en empresas constructoras
Authors: Mora Romo Mateo Marcelo , Urgiles Bravo Byron Lizandro , González Calle María José , Maldonado Matute Juan Manuel
Published: December 2020

la presente investigación responde a la interrogante de que si es posible generar una herramienta para medir la gestión de la Responsabilidad Social Empresarial (RSE) en las empresas constructoras. La metodología aplicada es de tipo cualitativo, tomando como base conceptual para la realización de la herramienta El Libro Verde. Fomentar un marco europeo para la responsabilidad social de las empresas, de la comisión de las comunidades europeas y la herramienta brindada por el CERES 2010. Como resultado, se expone una herramienta validada para analizar la gestión de RSE en empresas constructoras, a base de los ejes: gobernabilidad, relaciones laborales, medio ambiente, proveedores, clientes, comunidades y políticas públicas; con la finalidad de que organizaciones de este sector empresarial puedan evaluar e identificar las principales falencias en cuanto a su gestión de la RSE y, con ello, establecer estrategias y facilitar la toma de decisiones. Palabras clave: Constructora, Evaluación organizacional, Gestión, RSE, Stakeholders.

The present investigation responds to the question of whether it is possible to create a tool to measure the management of corporate social responsibility (CSR) of construction companies. The methodology applied is of a qualitative nature as a conceptual basis for the realization of the tool is El Libro Verde, Fomentar un marco europeo para la responsabilidad social de las empresas of The Commission of the European Communities and the Tool Provided by CERES 2010. The result is a validated tool for the construction organizations based on the axes: governance, labor relations, environment, suppliers, customers, communities and public policies. Giving opportunity to the organizations to this kind of organization to evaluate and identify the main shortcomings in terms of their management of CSR and with this, strategies are established to facilitate decision-making.Key words: Construction, Management, Organizational Evaluation, CSR, Stakeholders
Aplicación del Modelo de Gravedad entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea para el periodo 2001 – 2017
Authors: Albornoz-Flores Ana Cristina , Tonon-Ordóñez Luis Bernardo
Published: December 2020

La presente investigación analizó el comercio existente entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea, para el período 2001 – 2017 de forma semestral. El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la influencia de determinadas variables en la relación comercial entre estos dos entes económicos, para lo cual, se aplicó, como herramienta econométrica, el modelo de gravedad, a través del uso de datos de panel con efectos aleatorios y mediante el método de mínimos cuadrados ordinarios. Se comprobó que, para el comercio entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea, las variables de los PIB de cada país y la distancia entre las capitales de los diferentes países estudiados, son los que determinan el intercambio comercial total entre Ecuador y la Unión Europea en un 45.67% (coeficiente de determinación ajustado). Los coeficientes obtenidos para cada variable independiente fueron de: 1.24 para el PIB del Ecuador, 0.78 para el PIB de cada país de la Unión Europea y de 5.57 para la distancia entre los países estudiados. Siendo este un modelo robusto, con significancia econométrica y que presenta los signos esperados. De manera que, la aplicación de este modelo permitió aportar a la investigación económica del país y generar una herramienta que facilite la toma de decisiones con relación a la política comercial ecuatoriana con la Unión Europea.Palabras Clave: Comercio Exterior, economía internacional, modelo de gravedad, Unión Europea, Ecuador.Abstract

This investigation analyzed the existing commerce between Ecuador and the European Union for the period 2001 - 2017. The aim of the study was to determine the influence of certain variables on the commercial relationship between these two economic agents. For which the gravity model was applied, as an econometric tool, through the use of panel data with random effects and applying the method of ordinary least squares. It was found that, for the trade between Ecuador and the European Union the variables of the GDP of each country and the distance between the capitals of the different countries studied, are those that determine the total commercial exchange between Ecuador and the European Union by 45.67% (adjusted coefficient of determination). The coefficients obtained for each independent variable were: 1.24 for the GDP of Ecuador, 0.78 for the GDP of each country in the European Union, and 5.57 for the distance between the countries studied. Being this regression a robust model, with econometric significance that presents the expected signs. The application of this model allowed us to contribute to the economic research of the country and generate a tool that facilitates decision making in relation to Ecuadorian trade policy with the European Union.Keywords: Gravity model, international economy, international trade, European Union, Ecuador.
La sostenibilidad del concepto de Desarrollo Sostenible. ¿Cómo hacerlo operativo?
Authors: Tapia-Sisalim Juan Diego
Published: December 2020

Los desafíos del Antropoceno generan presiones por la planificación, fomento y aplicación de innovadores cambios económicos, éticos, políticos y sociales. La propuesta del Desarrollo Sostenible, a pesar de insistir en un crecimiento económico ilimitado con fundamento en la teoría capitalista, y, de su enfoque antropocéntrico, a través de la Agenda 2030 y sus Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS) se ha establecido como el punto de referencia para el desarrollo global futuro. No obstante, las críticas al concepto y su operatividad son varias. El presente ensayo ofrece una reflexión crítica de este concepto y de su propia sostenibilidad y, a partir de ella, con relación a los ODS y su interconexión con la gestión integrada de recursos hídricos (GIRH), se discute de manera descriptiva la forma de hacerlo operativo a través del análisis con indicadores de gestión. Enfoques holísticos y complejos son comunes entre Desarrollo Sostenible y GIRH, por lo que sus dinámicas y abordajes hacia la operatividad en el ámbito de la sostenibilidad, también podrían serlo.Palabras Clave: Antropoceno, Desarrollo Sostenible, Economía Política, Naturaleza, Recursos Hídricos.

AbstractThe challenges of the Anthropocene generate pressures for the planning, promotion and application of pioneering economic, ethical, political and social changes. The Sustainable Development proposal, despite persist on unlimited economic growth based on capitalist theory, and, of its anthropocentric viewpoint, through the 2030 Agenda and its Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been established as the point of reference for future global development. Nevertheless, there are several criticisms of the concept and its operability. This essay offers a critical reflection of this concept and of its own sustainability, and based on it, in relation to the SDGs and their interconnection with the integrated management of water resources (IWRM), the way to make it operational is discussed in a descriptive way through the analysis with management indicators. Holistic and complex outlooks are common between Sustainable Development and IWRM, so their dynamics and approaches to operability in the field of sustainability could also be.

Keywords: Anthropocene, Sustainable Development, Political Economy, Nature, Water Resources
Empresas que contaminan, ¡Empresas que pagan!
Authors: Piedra-Aguilera Marco , Piedra-Aguilera Alexandra
Published: December 2020

ResumenEste trabajo presenta una propuesta para aplicar un método de cálculo tarifario sobre la contaminación ambiental, aplicable a las industrias que descargan sus desperdicios en los efluentes de la ciudad. Una vez aplicada esta tarifa beneficiará tanto a las entidades municipales, como a la ciudadanía en general.Como efectos directos de aplicación de la medida las empresas se verán obligadas a evaluar los compuestos de sus materias primas, mejorar sus procesos productivos y, por ende, a disminuir sus niveles de contaminación antes de la descarga a los sistemaspúblicos de alcantarillado.Palabras claves: Industria, medio, legislación ambiental, contaminación, tasas ambientales, responsabilidad ambiental.AbstractThis research proposes to apply a rate calculation method of the environmental pollution, which will be used in industries that discharge their waste into the effluents of the city. This method will bring better incomes for both: Municipality and citizens in general.As direct effects of applying this method, the companies will have to have their raw material components checked, their production processes improved and their pollution levels decreased before their discharge into the public sewer system.
ESTUDIO COMPARATIVO ENTRE LAS METODOLOGÍAS CRAMM Y MAGERIT PARA LA GESTIÓN DE RIESGO DE TI EN LAS MPYMES
Authors: Crespo-Martínez Esteban , Cordero-Torres Geovanna
Published: December 2020

Lograr el objetivo de proponer una metodología de seguridad de la información para la gestión del riesgoinformático, aplicable al entorno empresarial y organizacional, del sector MPYME ecuatoriano, requiere del análisis de las metodologías Magerit y CRAMM (CCTA Risk Analysis and Management Method), las mismas que son internacionalmente utilizadas en la gestión del riesgo de información; contemplando los marcos de referencia que contienen las mejores prácticas de la industria: ISO 27001, 27002, 27005 y 31000.Palabras clave: riesgos, gestión, Magerit, CRAMM, tecnologías de información, TI, seguridad, información, SGSI.AbstractThis paper aims to study the CRAMM (CCTA Risk Analysis and Manage ment Method) and Magerit methodologies used in information risk management. It contemplates international reference frames that contain the best practices in the industry: ISO 27001, 27002, 27005 and 31000.This research is part of a project proposal of “Methodology for information security risk management, applicable to MSMEs” applicable to the Ecuadorian environment. Keywords: Risk, Management, Magerit, CRAMM, Information Technology, IT, Information Security, ISMS.