bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Intracellular Redistribution of Left Ventricular Connexin 43 Contributes to the Remodeling of Electrical Properties of the Heart in Insulin-resistant Elderly Rats
Authors: Billur Deniz , Olgar Yusuf , Turan Belma
Published: May 2022

The correlation between long-QT and connexin 43 (Cx43) status and localization in elderly rats was determined to demonstrate a correlation between insulin resistance (I-R), ischemia-reperfusion, aging, and heart dysfunction. Male Wistar rats are grouped as 24-month-old rats (Aged-group), those with metabolic syndrome (8 months old; MetS-group), or controls (8 months old; Con-group). Both experimental groups have long-QT and low heart rate. Immunohistochemical imaging and quantification showed marked decreases in Cx43 staining of intercalated disc with less localizations in the Aged-group and MetS-group. The lateralization of Cx43 on longitudinal cell membrane was significantly high in the MetS-group than in the Con-group with no significant change in the Aged-group. Its significant cytoplasmic internalization was higher in the Aged-group than in the MetS-group. There were marked decreases in phospho-Cx43 (pCx43) staining of intercalated disc with less localizations in both groups than in the Con-group. Furthermore, lateralization of pCx43 was significantly low in the Aged-group and MetS-group, whereas there were no significant changes in the cytoplasmic internalization of both groups compared with the Con-group. Furthermore, the ratio of pCx43 to Cx43 was significantly small in both groups. We determined increases in RhoA and endothelin-1 in both groups, further supporting decreases in pCx43. Our data indicate the important role of I-R on long-QT in aging heart through alterations in both Cx43 protein level and localizations, leading to an abnormal spreading of ventricular repolarization in I-R heart:
The Cif proteins from Wolbachia prophage WO modify sperm genome integrity to establish cytoplasmic incompatibility
Authors: Kaur Rupinder , Leigh Brittany A. , Ritchie Isabella T. , Bordenstein Seth R.
Published: May 2022

Inherited microorganisms can selfishly manipulate host reproduction to drive through populations. In Drosophila melanogaster, germline expression of the native Wolbachia prophage WO proteins CifA and CifB cause cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) in which embryos from infected males and uninfected females suffer catastrophic mitotic defects and lethality; however, in infected females, CifA expression rescues the embryonic lethality and thus imparts a fitness advantage to the maternally transmitted Wolbachia. Despite widespread relevance to sex determination, evolution, and vector control, the mechanisms underlying when and how CI impairs male reproduction remain unknown and a topic of debate. Here, we use cytochemical, microscopic, and transgenic assays in D. melanogaster to demonstrate that CifA and CifB proteins of wMel localize to nuclear DNA throughout the process of spermatogenesis. Cif proteins cause abnormal histone retention in elongating spermatids and protamine deficiency in mature sperms that travel to the female reproductive tract with Cif proteins. Notably, protamine gene knockouts enhance wild-type CI. In ovaries, CifA localizes to germ cell nuclei and cytoplasm of early-stage egg chambers; however, Cifs are absent in late-stage oocytes and subsequently in fertilized embryos. Finally, CI and rescue are contingent upon a newly annotated CifA bipartite nuclear localization sequence. Together, our results strongly support the Host modification model of CI in which Cifs initially modify the paternal and maternal gametes to bestow CI-defining embryonic lethality and rescue.
Endomitosis controls tissue-specific gene expression during development
Authors: van Rijnberk Lotte M. , Barrull-Mascaró Ramon , van der Palen Reinier L. , Schild Erik S. , Korswagen Hendrik C. , Galli Matilde
Published: May 2022

Polyploid cells contain more than 2 copies of the genome and are found in many plant and animal tissues. Different types of polyploidy exist, in which the genome is confined to either 1 nucleus (mononucleation) or 2 or more nuclei (multinucleation). Despite the widespread occurrence of polyploidy, the functional significance of different types of polyploidy is largely unknown. Here, we assess the function of multinucleation in Caenorhabditis elegans intestinal cells through specific inhibition of binucleation without altering genome ploidy. Through single-worm RNA sequencing, we find that binucleation is important for tissue-specific gene expression, most prominently for genes that show a rapid up-regulation at the transition from larval development to adulthood. Regulated genes include vitellogenins, which encode yolk proteins that facilitate nutrient transport to the germline. We find that reduced expression of vitellogenins in mononucleated intestinal cells leads to progeny with developmental delays and reduced fitness. Together, our results show that binucleation facilitates rapid up-regulation of intestine-specific gene expression during development, independently of genome ploidy, underscoring the importance of spatial genome organization for polyploid cell function.
Impacts of climate and human activities on Daihai Lake in a typical semi-arid watershed, Northern China
Authors: Du Yajun , Wan Weifeng , Li Qingbo , Zhang Haifeng , Qian Hui , Cai Jinlong , Wang Junzhi , Zheng Xiaokang
Published: May 2022

A rapid shrinkage of Daihai Lake was found in recent decades. The present study analyzed the characteristics of Daihai Lake shrinkage and quantified the contribution of climate and human activities. The results of Mann-Kendall- Sneyers test and moving t-test showed that there was an obvious mutation point of lake level in 2006 and the descending speed of Daihai Lake level post-2006 (-0.46m/a) was 3.22 times that of pre-2006 (-0.14m/a). The centroid of Daihai Lake moved 1365.18 m from southwest to northeast during 1989 ~ 2018 with an average speed of 47.08 m/a. The results of Mann-Kendall trend test revealed that the annual evaporation showed a significant downward trend with a rate of approximately -5.33 mm/a, while no significant trend was found in precipitation. Daihai lake water level showed a very weak relationship with evaporation (r = 0.078, p < 0.01) and precipitation (p>0.05) respectively. Daihai Lake was influenced by human activities mainly from land use/ land cover, building reservoirs, pumping groundwater and directly consuming Daihai Lake water by Daihai power plant (DHPP). It was thought-provoking that DHPP began to consume Daihai lake water in 2006, which was consistent with abrupt change of Daihai lake level. The proportion of human impact was fluctuating upward. Human factors were the main factor of lake water reduction in last 10 years and the 5-year average contribution of human activities to Daihai Lake shrinkage was more than 61.99%. More attention and economic support should be given to prevent the continuous shrinkage of Daihai Lake.
Discovery of new drug indications for COVID-19: A drug repurposing approach
Authors: Kumari Priyanka , Pradhan Bikram , Koromina Maria , Patrinos George P. , Steen Kristel Van
Published: May 2022

Motivation

The outbreak of coronavirus health issues caused by COVID-19(SARS-CoV-2) creates a global threat to public health. Therefore, there is a need for effective remedial measures using existing and approved therapies with proven safety measures has several advantages. Dexamethasone (Pubchem ID: CID0000005743), baricitinib(Pubchem ID: CID44205240), remdesivir (PubchemID: CID121304016) are three generic drugs that have demonstrated in-vitro high antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2. The present study aims to widen the search and explore the anti-SARS-CoV-2 properties of these potential drugs while looking for new drug indications with optimised benefits via in-silico research.

Method

Here, we designed a unique drug-similarity model to repurpose existing drugs against SARS-CoV-2, using the anti-Covid properties of dexamethasone, baricitinib, and remdesivir as references. Known chemical-chemical interactions of reference drugs help extract interactive compounds withimprovedanti-SARS-CoV-2 properties. Here, we calculated the likelihood of these drug compounds treating SARS-CoV-2 related symptoms using chemical-protein interactions between the interactive compounds of the reference drugs and SARS-CoV-2 target genes. In particular, we adopted a two-tier clustering approach to generate a drug similarity model for the final selection of potential anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug molecules. Tier-1 clustering was based on t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) and aimed to filter and discard outlier drugs. The tier-2 analysis incorporated two cluster analyses performed in parallel using Ordering Points To Identify the Clustering Structure (OPTICS) and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC). As a result, itidentified clusters of drugs with similar actions. In addition, we carried out a docking study for in-silico validation of top candidate drugs.

Result

Our drug similarity model highlighted ten drugs, including reference drugs that can act as potential therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2. The docking results suggested that doxorubicin showed the least binding energy compared to reference drugs. Their practical utility as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs, either individually or in combination, warrants further investigation.
Head rotation improves airway obstruction, especially in patients with less severe obstructive sleep apnea without oropharyngeal collapse
Authors: Tan Shi Nee , Kim Jong-Min , Kim Jisun , Sung Chung Man , Kim Hong Chan , Lee Jongho , Lim Sang Chul , White David P. , Yang Hyung Chae , Wellman D. Andrew
Published: May 2022

Purpose

Head rotation is thought to have an effect on obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) severity. However, keeping the head rotated fully during sleep is difficult to maintain, and the effect of head rotation is not the same in all OSA patients. Thus, this study aimed to identify whether less head rotation has an effect on airway patency and determine the responder characteristics to the head rotation maneuver (HRM).

Methods

We recruited 221 patients who underwent overnight polysomnography and drug-induced sleep endoscopy (DISE) in a tertiary hospital from June 2019 to July 2020. Airway patency and the site of airway collapse were determined in the supine position with the head at 0, 30, and 60 degrees of rotation (HRM0°, HRM30°, and HRM60°, respectively) during DISE. The site of collapse was determined using the VOTE classification system: the velum (palate), oropharyngeal lateral walls, tongue base, and epiglottis. Each structure was labeled as 0, 1, or 2 (patent, partially obstructed, and completely obstructed, respectively). Airway response to the HRM30° and 60° and the clinical characteristics associated with airway opening were analyzed.

Results

The study population had a median age of 52 (25–61) years, a body mass index of 26.7(24.6–29.4) kg/m2, and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of 28.2(13.7–71.9) events/h. HRM influenced airway patency positively not only with HRM60° (p<0.001) but also following limited rotation (HRM30°, p<0.001). Patients with tongue base (40.0% with HRM 60°) and epiglottic (52.6% with HRM 60°) collapse responded particularly well to HRM. Multivariate analysis revealed that lower AHI (p<0.001) and an absence of oropharyngeal lateral walls collapse (p = 0.011) were significant predictors of responders to HRM.

Conclusion

Head rotation improved airway obstruction in OSA patients, even with a small degree of rotation, and should be further explored as a potential form of therapy in appropriately selected patients.
Diverse human and bat-like rotavirus G3 strains circulating in suburban Bangkok
Authors: Lestari Fajar Budi , Vongpunsawad Sompong , Poovorawan Yong
Published: May 2022

Although rotavirus vaccines are available in many parts of the world and are effective in reducing the overall incidence of rotavirus infection, it remains a major cause of diarrhea in less-developed countries. Among various rotavirus group A (RVA) strains, the increasingly common genotype G3 (defined by the VP7 gene) has been identified in both humans and animals. Our previous epidemiological surveillance in Bangkok found several unusual non-vaccine-like G3 strains in patients with diarrhea. In this study, we sequenced and characterized the genomes of seven of these G3 strains, which formed combinations with genotypes P[4], P[6], P[9], and P[10] (defined by the VP4 gene). Interestingly, we identified a bat-like RVA strain with the genome constellation G3-P[10]-I3-R3-C3-M3-A9-N3-T3-E3-H6, which has not been previously reported in the literature. The amino acid residues deduced from the nucleotide sequences of our G3 strains differed at the antigenic epitopes to those of the VP7 capsid protein of the G3 strain in RotaTeq vaccine. Although it is not unusual for the segmented genomes of RVA to reassort and give rise to emerging novel strains, the atypical G3 strains identified in this study suggest possible animal-to-human RVA zoonotic spillover even in urban areas.
Designing a public engagement process for long-term urban park development project
Authors: Shin Myungjin , Woo Jung Hyun , Choi Hyeyoung
Published: May 2022

Gathering public consensus about long-term urban open space development is more difficult than ever, even though public engagement is crucial for sustainable long-term policymaking. Routine evaluation of public awareness is important for retaining project momentum and designing appropriate public engagement processes for the future. This study focuses on the Yongsan Park Development Project, which has been in progress for more than three decades. An online survey of 2,000 respondents was conducted and analyzed to evaluate the current public awareness and ask questions about respondents’ expectations for public engagement. The results of this study reveal that 1) a hybrid methodology is needed to effectively approach different age groups; 2) an online survey can offer new insights for projects that repurpose U.S. army base and military sites into urban open spaces; 3) the survey results will enable us to design a better public participation process that is appropriate for post-pandemic society, in which virtual meetings and socially distanced communications are part of the new norm.
Trends in lifetime risk and years of potential life lost from diabetes in the United States, 1997–2018
Authors: Koyama Alain K. , Cheng Yiling J. , Brinks Ralph , Xie Hui , Gregg Edward W. , Hoyer Annika , Pavkov Meda E. , Imperatore Giuseppina
Published: May 2022

Background

Both incidence and mortality of diagnosed diabetes have decreased over the past decade. However, the impact of these changes on key metrics of diabetes burden–lifetime risk (LR), years of potential life lost (YPLL), and years spent with diabetes–is unknown.

Methods

We used data from 653,811 adults aged ≥18 years from the National Health Interview Survey, a cross-sectional sample of the civilian non-institutionalized population in the United States. LR, YPLL, and years spent with diabetes were estimated from age 18 to 84 by survey period (1997–1999, 2000–2004, 2005–2009, 2010–2014, 2015–2018). The age-specific incidence of diagnosed diabetes and mortality were estimated using Poisson regression. A multistate difference equation accounting for competing risks was used to model each metric.

Results

LR and years spent with diabetes initially increased then decreased over the most recent time periods. LR for adults at age 20 increased from 31.7% (95% CI: 31.2–32.1%) in 1997–1999 to 40.7% (40.2–41.1%) in 2005–2009, then decreased to 32.8% (32.4–33.2%) in 2015–2018. Both LR and years spent with diabetes were markedly higher among adults of non-Hispanic Black, Hispanic, and other races compared to non-Hispanic Whites. YPLL significantly decreased over the study period, with the estimated YPLL due to diabetes for an adult aged 20 decreasing from 8.9 (8.7–9.1) in 1997–1999 to 6.2 (6.1–6.4) in 2015–2018 (p = 0.02).

Conclusion

In the United States, diabetes burden is declining, but disparities by race/ethnicity remain. LR remains high with approximately one-third of adults estimated to develop diabetes during their lifetime.
Predictors and outcomes of peritoneal dialysis-related infections due to filamentous molds (MycoPDICS)
Authors: Kanjanabuch Talerngsak , Nopsopon Tanawin , Chatsuwan Tanittha , Purisinsith Sirirat , Johnson David W , Udomsantisuk Nibondh , Halue Guttiga , Lorvinitnun Pichet , Puapatanakul Pongpratch , Pongpirul Krit , Poonvivatchaikarn Ussanee , Tatiyanupanwong Sajja , Chowpontong Saowalak , Chieochanthanakij Rutchanee , Thamvichitkul Oranan , Treamtrakanpon Worapot , Saikong Wadsamon , Parinyasiri Uraiwan , Chuengsaman Piyatida , Dandecha Phongsak , Perl Jeffrey , Tungsanga Kriang , Eiam-Ong Somchai , Sritippayawan Suchai , Kantachuvesiri Surasak ,   on behalf of The Advisory Board of Peritoneal Dialysis, Nephrology Society of Thailand
Published: May 2022

Introduction

We sought to evaluate the predictors and outcomes of mold peritonitis in patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD).

Methods

This cohort study included PD patients from the MycoPDICS database who had fungal peritonitis between July 2015-June 2020. Patient outcomes were analyzed by Kaplan Meier curves and the Log-rank test. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards model regression was used to estimating associations between fungal types and patients’ outcomes.

Results

The study included 304 fungal peritonitis episodes (yeasts n = 129, hyaline molds n = 122, non-hyaline molds n = 44, and mixed fungi n = 9) in 303 patients. Fungal infections were common during the wet season (p <0.001). Mold peritonitis was significantly more frequent in patients with higher hemoglobin levels, presentations with catheter problems, and positive galactomannan (a fungal cell wall component) tests. Patient survival rates were lowest for non-hyaline mold peritonitis. A higher hazard of death was significantly associated with leaving the catheter in-situ (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] = 6.15, 95%confidence interval [CI]: 2.86–13.23) or delaying catheter removal after the diagnosis of fungal peritonitis (HR = 1.56, 95%CI: 1.00–2.44), as well as not receiving antifungal treatment (HR = 2.23, 95%CI: 1.25–4.01) or receiving it for less than 2 weeks (HR = 2.13, 95%CI: 1.33–3.43). Each additional day of antifungal therapy beyond the minimum 14-day duration was associated with a 2% lower risk of death (HR = 0.98, 95%CI: 0.95–0.999).

Conclusion

Non-hyaline-mold peritonitis had worse survival. Longer duration and higher daily dosage of antifungal treatment were associated with better survival. Deviations from the 2016 ISPD Peritonitis Guideline recommendations concerning treatment duration and catheter removal timing were independently associated with higher mortality.
Exploring the role of R&D collaborations and non-patent IP policies in government technology transfer performance: Evidence from U.S. federal agencies (1999–2016)
Authors: Hemmatian Iman , Ponzio Todd A. , Joshi Amol M.
Published: May 2022

Around the world, governments make substantial investments in public sector research and development (R&D) entities and activities to generate major scientific and technical advances that may catalyze long-term economic growth. Institutions ranging from the Chinese Academy of Sciences to the French National Centre for Scientific Research to the Helmholtz Association of German Research Centers conduct basic and applied R&D to create commercially valuable knowledge that supports the innovation goals of their respective government sponsors. Globally, the single largest public sector R&D sponsor is the U.S. federal government. In 2019 alone, the U.S. government allocated over $14.9 billion to federally funded research and development centers (FFRDCs), also known as national labs. However, little is known about how federal agencies’ utilization of FFRDCs, their modes of R&D collaboration, and their adoption of non-patent intellectual property (IP) policies (copyright protection and materials transfer agreements) affect agency-level performance in technology transfer. In particular, the lack of standardized metrics for quantitatively evaluating government entities’ effectiveness in managing innovation is a critical unresolved issue. We address this issue by conducting exploratory empirical analyses of federal agencies’ innovation management activities using both supply-side (filing ratio, transfer rate, and licensing success rate) and demand-side (licensing income and portfolio exclusivity) outcome metrics. We find economically significant effects of external R&D collaborations and non-patent IP policies on the technology transfer performance of 10 major federal executive branch agencies (fiscal years 1999–2016). We discuss the scholarly, managerial, and policy implications for ongoing and future evaluations of technology transfer at federal labs. We offer new insights and guidance on how critical differences in federal agencies’ interpretation and implementation of their R&D management practices in pursuit of their respective missions affect their technology transfer performance outcomes. We generalize key findings to address the broader innovation processes of public sector R&D entities worldwide.
Dual transcriptome based reconstruction of Salmonella-human integrated metabolic network to screen potential drug targets
Authors: Kocabaş Kadir , Arif Alina , Uddin Reaz , Çakır Tunahan
Published: May 2022

Salmonella entericaserovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is a highly adaptive pathogenic bacteria with a serious public health concern due to its increasing resistance to antibiotics. Therefore, identification of novel drug targets forS. Typhimurium is crucial. Here, we first created a pathogen-host integrated genome-scale metabolic network by combining the metabolic models of human andS. Typhimurium, which we further tailored to the pathogenic state by the integration of dual transcriptome data. The integrated metabolic model enabled simultaneous investigation of metabolic alterations in human cells andS. Typhimurium during infection. Then, we used the tailored pathogen-host integrated genome-scale metabolic network to predict essential genes in the pathogen, which are candidate novel drug targets to inhibit infection. Drug target prioritization procedure was applied to these targets, and pabB was chosen as a putative drug target. It has an essential role in 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) synthesis, which is an essential biomolecule for many pathogens. A structure based virtual screening was applied through docking simulations to predict candidate compounds that eliminateS. Typhimurium infection by inhibiting pabB. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive study for predicting drug targets and drug like molecules by using pathogen-host integrated genome-scale models, dual RNA-seq data and structure-based virtual screening protocols. This framework will be useful in proposing novel drug targets and drugs for antibiotic-resistant pathogens.
Mehrsprachige Autoren und Selbstübersetzung: ein erfahrungsbericht
Authors:   Universidad de Valencia, Calañas Continente José Antonio
Published: May 2022

In der Regel geht man davon aus, ein literarischer Autor schreibe nur in der eigenen Muttersprache. Dieser Gedankengang verliert an Aussagekraft, wenn Autoren wie z.B. Franz Kafka, Anise Koltz oder Jorge Semprún in Betracht gezogen werden, denn sie haben entweder ausschließlich (Kafka) in der eigenen Kultursprache geschrieben, oder sie haben sich regelmäßig der jeweiligen Kultur- und Muttersprache bedient (Koltz, Semprún). In diesem Beitrag wird anhand eigener Texte gezeigt, wie Entscheidungen über den Übersetzungsprozess getroffen werden, wenn der Autor sich der Aufgabe stellt, die eigene Produktion für die Veröffentlichung in einer anderen Sprache vorzubereiten. Dabei wird auch darüber reflektiert, ob der Selbstübersetzungsprozess je nach Ausgangssprache variiert: syntaktische, lexikalische sowie rhetorische Abweichungen zwischen Sprachen werden aufgezeigt und erläutert. Als Fazit wird versucht, aufgrund der besprochenen Anmerkungen und Anregungen ein «Lastenheft» für die Übersetzung literarischer Texte zu präsentieren.
Re-representaciones sexuales minoritarias a través de textos alemanes e ingleses traducidos
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Soliño Pazó María Mar , Matarranz Araque Juan Tomás ,   Universidad Complutense de Madrid
Published: May 2022

Es reconocida la dificultad del traductor para intentar trasladar las ideas originales del texto a otra lengua. Si nos movemos en el campo de la literatura queer, se puede observar que en el proceso de traducción hay muchas veces presente una reescritura; es decir, una re-subjetividad de la identidad, lo que implica una mirada queer. Esta nueva mirada ofrece una perspectiva que cuestiona la concepción tradicional y esencialista de la identidad que ha encorsetado al individuo al plantear una concepción posmoderna de la identidad dinámica en evolución. En nuestra comunicación partiremos de diferentes teorías, desde el prescriptivismo hasta el postcolonialismo y el feminismo, con el fin de reflexionar sobre la aplicación de las teorías queer en el análisis de la traducción de obras alemanas e inglesas al español. Queremos analizar en qué medida las traducciones pueden funcionar al servicio del poder o cómo es el proceso de inflexión entre autores, traductores y el contenido de la obra original, y de qué manera ha influido la ideología en el resultado final.
Los eufemismos de la crisis económica en la prensa especializada alemana y española
Authors:   Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Stender Alice
Published: May 2022

Las razones para expresar la realidad de una manera diferente y más embellecida pueden buscarse entre la intención de no causar malestar y el deseo de maquillar la realidad, aunque solo sea lingüísticamente. En el lenguaje de la crisis económica y financiera, los eufemismos juegan un papel tan importante que es difícil imaginarse la prensa sin expresiones como «recortes» o Sparmaßnahmen, pues tanto el discurso político como también el económico están teñidos de estos recursos léxicos. En este artículo nos proponemos analizar los eufemismos de la crisis en la prensa especializada alemana y española, basándonos en un corpus textual de artículos provenientes de las publicaciones Handelsblatt, Expansión y Cinco Días entre los años 2007 y 2016. El objetivo es conocer el uso que ambas lenguas hacen de este recurso y determinar las diferencias y similitudes entre nuestras lenguas de trabajo.
La traducción alemán-español de textos del campo médico-farmacéutico
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Bautista Francisco , Recio Ariza M.ª ,   Universidad de Salamanca
Published: May 2022

La traducción de textos del ámbito médico-farmacéutico, como la de cualquier campo de especialidad, incluye una terminología extensa y específica, y habitualmente precisa de conocimientos especializados. También cabe recordar la vital importancia que pueden tener determinados textos de este sector. Por ello, todo traductor que se enfrente a este tipo de traducciones debe contar con un cierto grado de especialización y saber manejar herramientas y recursos específicos, así como tener un método de documentación. Para que el resultado de la labor traductológica sea impecable, también debe prestar especial atención a la traducción de las unidades fraseológicas especializadas (UFE) y de los falsos amigos. En este trabajo presentaremos el marco teórico de nuestro enfoque sobre la fraseología y aportaremos algunos ejemplos tanto de UFE como de falsos amigos que los traductores de textos médico-farmacéuticos de alemán a español deben tener en cuenta para no caer en errores fácilmente evitables y conseguir la calidad requerida.
Idiomatizität und Konnotative Aspekte von Phraseologismen der österreichischen und der deutschen Rechtssprache mit ‘Hand’: probleme der übersetzungin die spanische rechtssprache
Authors:   Universität Wien, Edelmann Gerhard
Published: May 2022

Die Untersuchung von juristischen Phraseologismen mit dem Wortelement «Hand» zeigt, dass auch rechtlichen Phraseologismen die Eigenschaft der Idiomatizität, zumindest aber der Teilidiomatizität, zukommen kann. Sie sind jedoch auch juristische Termini mit einem in der Rechtsordnung genau bestimmten Inhalt, weshalb bei ihrer Übersetzung die für die Rechtsübersetzung geltenden Regeln zu beachten sind. Die Bedeutung der Phraseologismen als Rechtstermini wird mit juristischen Methoden ermittelt, wobei über einen Rechtsvergleich die lexikalisch äquivalenten Termini der Zielsprache gefunden werden müssen, um zu einer sachgerechten Übersetzung zu kommen. Einige Phraseologismen im Recht haben sich im Laufe der Zeit herausgebildet, und ihre ursprüngliche Bedeutung ist nicht mehr durchsichtig.
La hibridez textual como cuestión traductológica: a propósito de los textos vitivinícolas (alemán-español)
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba, Cobos López Ingrid , Balbuena Torezano María del Carmen ,   Universidad de Córdoba
Published: May 2022

La hibridez textual ha sido abordada desde distintos puntos de vista y la han estudiado autores de diversas disciplinas. En el ámbito de la Traducción, predominan cuatro enfoques que la ensalzan o desprestigian en función de las interferencias que, según determinados autores, podría producir. Sin embargo, si nos centramos en las perspectivas que entienden la hibridez textual como la confluencia de distintas disciplinas en un único texto, se pone de manifiesto la multidisciplinariedad del texto en sí, aportándole una nueva dimensión y estudio en el que se centran numerosos investigadores en la actualidad. En el presente trabajo, pretendemos estudiar los géneros agro-jurídicos en el sector vitivinícola a través del propio análisis de los textos para comprobar si dicha concepción es aplicable a los textos de este sector.
Textos médico-jurídicos y su traducción alemán-español: el consentimiento informado para la participación en ensayos clínicos
Authors:   Universidad de Córdoba, Ramírez Almansa Isidoro
Published: May 2022

El presente trabajo se centra en la traducción del Consentimiento Informado (CI) para la participación en ensayos clínicos y su traducción DE-ES, combinación lingüística apenas estudiada. En primer lugar, analizamos el bloque de textos al que pertenece este documento (textos médico-jurídicos) y examinaremos el CI como género textual, dada la importancia de este concepto para la traducción. Posteriormente, compilaremos un corpus textual compuesto por tres documentos de CI para la investigación clínica, todos escritos originalmente en lengua alemana. A continuación, analizaremos la macroestructura de los documentos y sus convenciones y las compararemos con las características del CI para la investigación clínica en lengua española. Como resultado de dicho análisis contrastivo obtendremos las semejanzas y divergencias entre el CI para la investigación clínica en español y en alemán y abordaremos las implicaciones que estas tienen y cómo afectan a su traducción.
Estudio contrastivo a partir de la correspondencia mutua de traducción: sentir(se) - (sich) fühlen
Authors:   Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Mas Álvarez Inmaculada
Published: May 2022

En este capítulo se emplea la metodología «Mutual Translation Correspondence Analysis» (mtca) como medio para conocer el grado de correspondencia de dos unidades léxicas, a partir de las traducciones de un mismo texto original. El procedimiento consiste en comprobar las correspondencias de traducción desde cada una de las lenguas, en ambas direcciones, analizando las (in)equivalencias manifestadas. Se analizan las correspondencias entre el verbo español sentir(se) y el alemán (sich) fühlen en las traducciones a estas dos lenguas de la novela Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone de J. K. Rowling, tras alinear las secuencias. El carácter multimodal y polisémico de sentir(se)/(sich) fühlen provoca que la equivalencia interlingüística no alcance un porcentaje elevado, teniendo en cuenta que las ocurrencias de sentir(se) son, además, mucho más numerosas. El análisis ofrece, por tanto, un interesante abanico de equivalencias en alemán correspondientes a las del español sentir(se), es decir, una aproximación a la red léxico-semántica y construccional interlingüística asociada a ambos verbos. Esta propuesta se muestra como una metodología productiva para complementar un análisis contrastivo de los perfiles combinatorios de los predicados verbales.
Dolmetschen in Namibia während der deutschen Kolonialzeit
Authors:   Karls-Universität Prag, Getta Jelizaveta
Published: May 2022

Das heutige Namibia befand sich zwischen den Jahren 1884 und 1915 unter deutscher Herrschaft. Mit der Gründung der Kolonie entstand u. a. der Bedarf an effizienter Kommunikationsvermittlung zwischen den Deutschen und der Lokalbevölkerung. Die ersten Bestrebungen der Kolonialverwaltung, den Deutschen sowie den Einheimischen entsprechende Sprachkenntnisse beizubringen oder eine Lingua franca einzuführen, scheiterten aus kulturellen, finanziellen sowie zeitlichen Gründen. In vielen Fällen musste die Kommunikation deswegen indirekt verlaufen, und zwar mithilfe eines Dolmetschers, dessen Einsatz sich vor allem in den Bereichen Justiz, Religion sowie Di-plomatie als unvermeidlich erwies. Der Artikel beschäftigt sich mit dem Ablauf der interkulturellen Kommunikation zwischen den Deutschen und der Lokalbevölkerung in der ehemaligen Kolonie Deutsch-Südwestafrika, wobei in Hinblick auf den Forschungsgegenstand vor allem die Frage nach der Rolle der damaligen Dolmetscher, ihren Arbeitsbedingungen sowie ihrem Sozialstatus gestellt wird.
¿Se puede hacer el humor en cabina? Pöchhacker, Pavlicek, pedagogía y preguntas
Authors:   Universidad de Salamanca, Espinoza-Saavedra María-José
Published: May 2022

Pavlicek y Pöchhacker publican en el año 2002 un estudio que sería un hito, al menos, por dos motivos: la originalidad del objeto de estudio, el humor y la interpretación simultánea, y la rotundidad de los datos, puesto que se trata de un estudio cuantitativo. Por ende, que las lenguas examinadas sean el alemán y el inglés no hace sino aumentar el interés científico de dicha propuesta. De forma metafórica este mismo estudio puso de relieve que el humor es un tema frecuente de investigación para la traducción, mientras que apenas lo es en el campo de la interpretación. Los resultados, mediante encuesta a 50 intérpretes de la Comisión y el Parlamento europeos, dejan patente que una combinación es más proclive que la otra al uso del humor. En retrospectiva podemos decir que, por desgracia y a pesar de la enorme solidez del estudio, apenas contamos con investigaciones similares. Es más, según podemos ver en una somera aproximación a algunos manuales de interpretación en inglés, hay pocas reflexiones genéricas y las que existen son incluso contradictorias entre sí. A nuestro entender, así como en la lingüística se ha avanzado en la comprensión del humor (con el advenimiento de la Teoría General del Humor Verbal) y en la traducción se ha reflexionado mucho más allá de la traducción literaria (como en la traducción audiovisual y de viñetas), la interpretación aún ha de llegar a sus propias conclusiones, no solo sobre si se puede hacer el humor en cabina, sino cómo.
Desafíos de la traducción literaria en «Wunderlicher Traum von einem grossen Narrennest» (1703) de Abraham a Sancta Clara:
Authors:   Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Gómez Pato Rosa Marta
Published: May 2022

A partir de la traducción del breve texto de Abraham a Sancta Clara (1644-1709) Wunderlicher Traum von einem großen Narrennest, publicado en 1703, se muestran algunos de los desafíos de la traducción literaria, así como las estrategias utilizadas para su trasvase a otra lengua. Además de las dificultades estéticas y lingüísticas, sobresalen en esta traducción aquellas surgidas a raíz del carácter histórico e intertextual del texto. Estudiaremos cómo una serie de elementos extratextuales ha influido en el complejo proceso de traducción y condicionado la estrategia traductológica, y veremos el papel que desempeñan aquí las notas a pie que acompañan a la traducción. La distancia temporal y cultural y la gran cantidad de referencias intertextuales hacen que la traducción se convierta en un instrumento idóneo para trasladar y difundir la alteridad, la experiencia del otro y de su cultura e imaginario.
Evaluation of antibody and antigen cross-reaction in Kenyan dairy cattle naturally infected with two pestiviruses: Bovine viral diarrhea virus and classical swine fever virus
Authors: Muasya Daniel , Van Leeuwen John , Gitau George , McKenna Shawn , Heider Luke , Muraya Joan
Published: May 2022

Background and Aim: Bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) and classical swine fever virus (CSFV) are important pathogens of cattle and pigs, respectively, and belong to the genus Pestivirus. As CSFV has been shown to infect cattle, it can create diagnostic challenges of BVDV results through possible cross-reactivity where cattle could be exposed to pigs and CSFV. This study aimed to determine the possible cross-reactivity of BVDV and CSFV enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) results for antigen (Ag) and antibody (Ab) among smallholder dairy cattle in Kenya.

Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study based on a single visit to farms to collect serum samples and other descriptive farm-level and animal-level information. Testing for BVDV Ag and Ab was conducted on serum samples from 320 dairy cows and heifers, with CSFV Ag and Ab testing conducted on a subset of 133 and 74 serum samples, respectively. CSFV testing was based on BVDV test results and the availability of enough sample volume from farms that kept pigs. The Ag and Ab tests utilized IDEXX ELISA for both BVDV and CSFV.

Results: For the 74 samples with Ab tests for both viruses, 40 (54.0%) were BVDV Ab positive, while 63 (85.1%) were CSFV Ab positive. Of the 40 BVDV Ab positive samples, 36 cattle (90.0%) tested positive for CSFV Ab. However, of the 34 BVDV Ab negative samples, 27 (79.4%) were CSFV Ab test-positive. For the 133 samples with Ag tests for both viruses, 125 (94.0%) were BVDV Ag positive, while 2 (1.5%) samples were CSFV Ag positive. None of the eight BVDV Ag negative samples was positive for CSFV Ag and only two (1.6%) of the 125 BVDV Ag positive samples were positive for CSFV Ag.

Conclusion: The results indicate either substantial cross-reactivity of the two Ab ELISA tests, or reactivity with some other protein in the samples that led to the positive Ab test results. There was only limited evidence for cross-reactivity of the two Ag ELISA tests. We recommend that Pestivirus genus cross-reactivity be considered when interpreting BVDV ELISA results in cattle, more for Ab than Ag tests. Further research is needed to clarify the levels of cross-reactivity between BVDV and other Pestivirus Ag and Ab tests from animals on mixed-species farms.
Fiscal system and policy, with a special focus on Kosovo
Authors: Neziraj Elshani Arijeta
Published: May 2022

As it is known, the fiscal system and policy are closely related to the socio-economic system of the country in which they operate. Therefore, each country has its own fiscal system and policy, which adapts to its socio-economic system and the achieved level of economic development. Although, regardless of these differences, there are also common elements, measures and instruments of fiscal policy. The fiscal system and policy are sub-systems of the economic system of the respective country and depend on it. However, the fiscal system and policy differ in countries with market economies and in countries with planned and directed economies.

Therefore, differences in the fiscal system and policy at the time of international integration processes-globalization, represent significant obstacles in economic transactions between different countries of the world. These changes are presented in the type of measures and instruments in the tax scope, in the structure of tax revenues, in the level of customs rates, VAT, the level of the tax rate in revenues, salaries, etc., as well as in facilities different that are implemented not linearly, but according to political relations that one country has with other countries. Globalization, respectively, international economic integration processes, are developing with great intensity, which are affecting the deepening of the advancement of national integration processes between the countries of the world which are facing certain problems in the field of legal infrastructure and fiscal policy instruments. There is no doubt that some fiscal policy measures and instruments play an important role in international economic transactions, but they can also be an obstacle to the internationalization of the flow of goods and services.

The role of the fiscal system and policy from the state point of view, is seen in fact as sources of budget revenues of a country that are provided mainly by the measures and instruments of fiscal policy. Also, the material (financial) position of economic entities significantly depends on the implemented fiscal policy. Therefore, fiscal policy enables the state public (budget) revenues, which allows them to meet the general and common needs of citizens, on one hand, and economic entities to carry out their activity and business, in the other hand.

In this paper, we have addressed public finances including in particular, fiscal system and policy. At the beginning we gave the definition and importance of public finances for the functioning of the state and economic - social development. A particular part of this paper is the fiscal system and policy, implemented in Kosovo in the post-independence period.
Children Exposed to Interparental Violence: A Study of Portuguese Children from 7-9 Years of Age
Authors:   Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal, Almeida Telma Catarina ,   CiiEM – Centro de Investigação Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz; LabPSI – Laboratório de Psicologia Egas Moniz, Caparica, Portugal, Abrunhosa Gonçalves Rui ,   School of Psychology, Center for Psychological Research (CiPsi), University of Minho, Braga, Portugal, Sani Ana Isabel ,   University Fernando Pessoa (UFP), Porto, Portugal,   Observatory Permanent Violence and Crime (OPVC), UFP; Research Centre on Child Studies (CIEC), University of Minho (UM), Braga, Portugal
Published: May 2022

Introduction: Exposure to interparental violence is a type of child maltreatment linked to a higher risk of physical and mental health problems. This research considers the experiences of young Portuguese children exposed to interparental violence. The goal is to explore the associations between interparental conflict in children, their perceptions of conflict properties, threat, self-blame, and the relationship with their parents. Method: The research protocol was applied to 888 Portuguese children between 7 and 9 years of age, of whom 123 are victims of interparental violence. Results: The results showed that witnessing interparental conflict is positively correlated with children’s self-blame and insight into conflict properties and negatively correlated with children’s insight into the parent-child relationship. Conclusion: These results provide strong support for the hypothesis that witnessing interparental conflict is associated with adverse outcomes in young children. Findings highlight the importance of identifying children exposed to interparental conflict in order to develop appropriate intervention programmes.
Tod im Kino
Authors: Seelinger Christoph
Published: May 2022

Christoph Seelinger liefert in seiner Promotionsschrift einen Überblick über Legitimations- und Funktionalisierungsstrategien dokumentarischer Toten- und Todesszenen im Erzählkino. Seelingers chronologischer Bogen beginnt bei den frühesten animalischen Toden vor laufender Kamera wie beispielsweise der filmisch festgehaltenen Hinrichtung des Elefantenweibchens Topsy in »Electrocuting an Elephant – Thomas A. Edison« (1903) und er führt bis zu den Hochglanz-Snuff-Videos der Medienabteilung des Islamischen Staates in den 2010er Jahren. Zwischen diesen beiden Polen betrachtet der Autor mit derselben medienwissenschaftlichen Hinwendung arrivierte Arthouse-Filme, vor allem aber auch zahllose als Trash und Exploitation abqualifizierte Vertreter des Bahnhofskinos, die einem akademischen Zugriff bislang entzogen waren. Das Ergebnis ist ein Streifzug durch die verfemteren Regionen der Kinogeschichte und dabei nichts weniger als die erste auführliche Geschichte des Einbruchs realer Todesdarstellungen in die Fiktion des Spielfilms.
Constantius Gallus, Bruder oder Halbbruder Julians?
Authors: Brendel Raphael
Published: May 2022

According to Timothy D. Barnes, Gallus and Julian are not half-brothers
but both are children of Basilina. The only source backing this claim is
a fragment of Philostorgius (Hist. eccl. II, 16a, 3) from the Passio Artemii that, however, does not prove anything against the more important testimonies of Ammianus (XIV, 11, 27; XXV, 3, 23) and Julian’s Misopogon (22, 352B). The precise relationship of the two anonymous siblings of Julian is unknown except that they have the same father but not the same mother as him. The study also offers minor corrections and additions to the RE and the PLRE.
On Professor Pavel Oliva (23 November 1923–5 March 2021)
Authors: Koucká Ivana
Published: May 2022

Obituary on Pavel Oliva
Professor Pavel Oliva, the Historian of the Fate of his Family
Authors: Marek Václav
Published: May 2022

Obituary on Pavel Oliva
Gościwit Malinowski, Hellenopolonica. Miniatury z dziejów polsko-greckich
Authors: Šípová Pavlína
Published: May 2022

Book review on Gościwit Malinowski, Hellenopolonica. Miniatury z dziejów polsko-greckich [Hellenopolonica. Miniatures from the Polish-Greek History]. Wrocław: Instytut Studiów Klasycznych, Śródziemnomorskich i Orientalnych, Uniwersytet Wrocławski, 2019, 770 pages, ISBN 978-83-66240-06-3.
Editorial
Authors: Bažil Martin
Published: May 2022

Editorial
Regionalization of Low Flow Analysis in Data Scarce Region: The Case of the Lake Abaya-Chamo Sub-basin, Rift Valley Lakes Basin, Ethiopia
Authors:   Arba Minch University, Abdi Dawit , Gebrekristos Sirak ,   Hawassa University, Institute of Technology
Published: May 2022

Prediction of low flows in ungauged catchments is desirable for planning and management of water resources development and for sustaining the environment. The main objective of this study was to regionalize low flow indexes (the baseflow index BFI, Q80, Q90, and Q95) in the Lake Abaya–Chamo sub-basin by using multiple linear regression models. To develop the regional equation, nine baseflow separation methods were compared: two digital graphical methods and seven recursive digital filters were compared and applied in eight gauged catchments. The methods were evaluated through the coefficient of determination (R2) and the root mean square error (RMSE) as performance measures. The flow duration analyses were conducted to compute the flow exceedance quantiles Q80, Q90, and Q95. Regionalizing those indexes required the identification of homogeneous regions, which was accomplished through cluster analysis, based on physiographic and climatic data. Three significantly different homogeneous areas were identified using k-means clustering, and multiple linear regression models were developed for every low flow index in each homogeneous region. The R2 values in the model developed for BFI, Q80, Q90, and Q95 range from 0.75 to 0.98 throughout the region. For checking the performance of the model, verification of regional models was carried out by determining the relative error over four gauged catchments assuming they were ungauged. All regional models performed well by having relative errors <10% in the regions showing high performance. Therefore, the developed regional models could potentially solve the low flow estimation in the vast majority of ungauged catchments in the sub-basin. Consequently, current and future water resources development endeavors may use such estimation methods for planning, designing, and management purposes.