bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Peer production in the Internet and unauthorized copying of an intellectual property in the bit-torrent network
Authors: Czetwertyński Sławomir
Published: November 2016

This paper deals with the phenomenon of  peer production in the context of unauthorized copying of information goods. Acc. to Yochai Benkler, it is a form of production operation based on a community. It is widely applied in the Internet and consequently, such information goods as GNU/Linux and Wikipedia have been established. Although the peer production has promoted growth in importance of, among others, free software or an open source initiative, it is also related to unauthorized copying of an intellectual property commonly called Internet piracy. The huge scale of this phenomenon, which is nearly 24% of entire Internet traffic, must not be ignored. In the paper a hypothesis has been put forward that low efficiency of counteracting of intellectual property unauthorized copying results from that fact that, to a great extent, it is generated in a process of the peer production. In turn, the goal of the paper is verification of the thesis in the progress of considerations regarding the nature of both the peer production and the unauthorized copying. A research field was limited to a P2P file exchange network based on a BitTorrent protocol.
Schools' anti-bullying policies should frequently be reviewed
Authors: Seager-Smith Lauren
Published: November 2016

As Anti-Bullying Week approaches, Lauren Seager-Smith looks at the key ingredients of an effective school anti-bullying policy
Paediatric headaches: Looking at the key characteristics
Authors: Greener Mark
Published: November 2016

Paediatric headaches are usually easily managed. However, one in ten children may experience headaches that undermine their quality of life more than other serious conditions. When assessing a child with headache, the following features are key: location, quality, severity, chronology, setting, other symptoms, and factors that aggravate or alleviate pain. Staff can look for potential triggers at school, especially as absenteeism due to headaches could lower educational attainment and compromise psychosocial adjustment. School nurses can help ensure that staff are aware of the school's policy on troublesome headaches, help develop health-care plans for individual children, discuss concerns with parents and carers, offer advice on medical management and, if appropriate, communicate with the child's GP. Most people with headaches—even those with severe symptoms—have not sought medical help.
Electronic cigarette addiction in adolescents: A review
Authors: Perron Tracy , Brucato Gina , Mandato Jonathan , Sandberg Molly , Senachai Selena , Shupak Elena , Ziemba Stana Leigh
Published: November 2016

This article reviews the literature on the use of electronic cigarettes in the adolescent population, and explores aspects of the structure, function, and contents of an electronic cigarette and reasons for its increasing prevalence in the adolescent population.
Protecting the ‘back office’
Authors: Richards Jon
Published: November 2016

When times are tough the cry goes up: ‘cut back office costs’. Jon Richards urges caution
Infrastructures of romantic love: Chinese love letters in the early 1900s
Authors: Su Hua
Published: November 2016

This article examines Chinese love letters in the early twentieth century in order to understand how medial infrastructures shaped the romantic relationship of modern Chinese who sought freedom in love and mate selection revolting against the Confucian family institution. It proposes that the materiality and technicity of the letter, a particularly modern postal service, penned scripts and vernacular writing played a significant role in shaping letter writing and romantic relationships. The changing medial and cultural conditions of the letters contributed to the transformation of love letters from an object for artistic appreciation to a private practice in everyday life; and the private letters in turn shaped romantic love with mechanisms of presence that both facilitated bonding over distance and arranged lovers into the postal grids. Overall, this study offers a technological perspective on love letters as the media of Chinese romantic love in the early twentieth century.
Etnografia de Idosos que moram sozinhos: desafios e possibilidades
Authors: Silva Leidelene Oliveira da , Coronago Virgínia Maria Mendes Oliveira
Published: November 2016

O envelhecimento é um processo que todo indivíduo experimenta em algum momento de sua existência e pode ser conceituada como uma fase da vida onde o ser humano enfrenta diversas dificuldades, principalmente nas atividades rotineiras, pois a senescência traz vulnerabilidade, além da constante dependência dos outros. De acordo com a Organização Mundial da Saúde - OMS, a população acima e 60 anos aumentará nas próximas décadas, pois seus estudos apontam que no ano de 2025 haverá mais 800 milhões de pessoas com idade superior a 65 anos em todo o mundo (NUNES, et al., 2009). Assim analisamos a importância de conhecer as reais condições de vida da pessoa idosa e como estas, enfrentam os desafios comuns a esse fase da existência.  O estudo delimita como objetivo geral avaliar o perfil de idosos que moram sozinhos. Será realizado com pessoas idosas participantes do Projeto Vida Ativa. Iniciaremos identificando o perfil sócio/cultural/demográfico da população estudada; analisar a qualidade de vida dos participantes do estudo e investigar os motivos que os levaram a residirem sozinhos. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, baseada nos pressupostos etnográficos, que inclui a observação participante, entrevistas semi-estrutradas e elaboração de diário de campo. As informações serão obtidas, a princípio no Centro de Cultura Camilo de Jesus Lima, lócus de desenvolvimento do projeto e posteriormente nas residências dos idosos selecionados. Para análise das informações obtidas utilizaremos a metodologia interpretativa sugerida pelo antropólogo Clifford Geertz (1997).
Assistência de enfermagem a criança e ao adolescente em situação de violência doméstica
Authors: Melo Rosana Alves de , Souza Sinara De Lima , Bezerra Cristiane Souza , Fernandes Flávia Emília Cavalcante Valença
Published: November 2016

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica nacional e internacional, acerca dos aspectos que envolvem a assistência de enfermagem a crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência doméstica. Métodos: Artigos indexados nas bases de dados: Literatura Latino-Americana em Ciências da Saúde, Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online e Base de Dados em Enfermagem, publicados no período de 2008 a 2014. Resultados: Os enfermeiros não compreendem a violência doméstica em todos os seus aspectos. A falta de conhecimento científico sobre o assunto, a inexistência de protocolos nos serviços que direcionem as condutas profissionais, a desarticulação da equipe multiprofissional e o descrédito na rede de proteção são os principais limites e desafios na prestação da assistência de enfermagem a crianças e adolescentes em situação de violência doméstica. Conclusão: Há necessidade de investir no ensino dentro das instituições formadoras e assistenciais, para favorecer a reflexão dos enfermeiros no desenvolvimento de práticas assistencialistas humanizadas e efetivas no combate à violência doméstica.
Empreendedorismo e Sustentabilidade: Uma Visão Psicológica
Authors: Timóteo Patricia Pereira De Sousa , Beserra Theóphilo Michel Álvares Cabral
Published: November 2016

O presente trabalho teve por finalidade, discutir a cultura organizacional predatória, vigente nas empresas atuais. A visão holística do fenômeno do empreendedorismo, considera as empresas como “sistemas abertos”, passíveis de modificação pela ação externa. Adotou-se como referencial teórico a Psicologia Comportamental e o Pensamento Sistêmico. A metodologia utilizada foi a analítico-descritiva, baseada na pesquisa de cunho bibliográfico e documental com apreciação qualitativa dos dados. Procurou-se observar a cultura organizacional através da educação - ação cognitiva direcionada, recorrendo à Psicologia, como suporte para desconstruir os padrões mentais existentes.  Tal estratégia permitiu reconstruir novos padrões, baseados nos preceitos da sustentabilidade, refazendo a conexão natural que o homem possui com a natureza a que pertencemos. Dessa forma, acredita-se conseguir o equilíbrio psíquico que permite o sadio desenvolvimento das empresas, e da sociedade de uma maneira geral.
Unusual case of postpartum gingival enlargement: diagnosis and management
Authors: Arora Shipra , Ahad Abdul , Tandon Shruti , Lamba Arundeep , Faraz Farrukh
Published: November 2016

Gingival enlargement is a clinical condition that has been widely studied. Usually, it is related to specific local or systemic factors. However, it is difficult sometimes to find out a definite etiology, and treatment has to be done according to presenting clinical features.Â  This article presents an unusual case of gingival enlargement that occurred after pregnancy without any clear underlying etiology. A female aged 31 years reported with gingival enlargement and mobility of teeth during lactation period. Gingival enlargement had started 2 months after child birth.Â  All female sex hormones were found to be within normal limits. Karyotyping was also found to be normal, without any genetic alteration. Radiographic analysis revealed generalized severe crestal bone loss. After phase I periodontal therapy, enlargement was managed surgically under local anaesthesia. On histological examination of excised specimen, tissue was found to be hyperplastic. Although a definite etiology could not be ascertained, the treatment was successful and there has been no recurrence after one year post-treatment interval.
Dural Metastasis Mimicking Meningioma: An Interesting Case
Authors: Hamid Hamzaini Abdul , Gee Kwah Yew , Muhammad Rohaizak , Abd Rahman Zurin Adnan , Das Srijit
Published: November 2016

Dural metastasis is a rare entity in clinical practice. We report a case of dural metastasis secondary to thyroid carcinoma, which on both preoperative CT and MRI and at surgery had the typical appearance of a meningioma. Histopathological findings confirmed metastatic follicular thyroid carcinoma as a primary site. Although rare, dural metastases can mimic a meningioma. Our experience in this case has led us to consider metastasis as a differential diagnosis even when a meningioma is suspected. We believe that reporting of the case of dural metastasis mimicking a meningioma may help clinicians in future.
An Assembly of Anomalous Extensor Tendons of the Hand – Anatomical Description and Clinical Relevance
Authors: Mehta Vandana , Arora Jyoti , Suri Rajesh Kumar , Rath Gayatri
Published: November 2016

Innumerable descriptions about variations in the pattern of extensor tendons are recorded in the literature. The dorsum of the hand in an adult male cadaver revealed an unusual pattern of extensor arrangement during a gross anatomical practical session. The extensor digitorum, extensor indicis and extensor digiti minimi tendons displayed a variant pattern. Extensor digitorum contributed tendons only to the middle and ring fingers, with junctura tendinum present between the extensor digitorum for the ring finger and extensor digiti minimi. Interestingly, an accessory muscle was observed arising from the common extensor origin passing to the index finger, in addition to the usual extensor indicis. The origin and insertion of extensor digiti minimi was as usual with an accessory slip contributed from the extensor carpi ulnaris to the proximal phalanx of the fifth finger. The plethora of variations in this region is of paramount importance for the reconstructive surgeon, who may utilize the accessory tendons to restore functional capacity of the fingers.
On a class of fully nonlinear parabolic equations
Authors: Antontsev Stanislav , Shmarev Sergey
Published: November 2016

We study the homogeneous Dirichlet problem for the fully nonlinear equation

u_{t}=|\Delta u|^{m-2}\Delta u-d|u|^{\sigma-2}u+f\quad\text{in ${Q_{T}=\Omega%
\times(0,T)}$,}

with the parameters

{m>1}

,

{\sigma>1}

and

{d\geq 0}

.
At the points where

{\Delta u=0}

, the equation degenerates if

{m>2}

, or becomes singular if

{m\in(1,2)}

.
We derive conditions of existence and uniqueness of strong solutions, and study the asymptotic behavior of strong solutions as

{t\to\infty}

.
Sufficient conditions for exponential or power decay of

{\|\nabla u(t)\|_{2,\Omega}}

are derived.
It is proved that for certain ranges of the exponents m and σ, every strong solution vanishes in a finite time.
Geometrical Modeling of Woven Fabrics Weavability-Limit New Relationships
Authors: Dalal Mohamed , Drean Jean-Yves , Osselin Jean-François
Published: November 2016

The weavability limit and tightness for 2D and 3D woven fabrics is an important factor and depends on many geometric parameters. Based on a comprehensive review of the literature on textile fabric construction and property, and related research on fabric geometry, a study of the weavability limit and tightness relationships of 2D and 3D woven fabrics was undertaken. Experiments were conducted on a representative number of polyester and cotton woven fabrics which have been woven in our workshop, using three machines endowed with different insertion systems (rapier, projectiles and air jet). Afterwards, these woven fabrics have been analyzed in the laboratory to determine their physical and mechanical characteristics using air permeability-meter and KES-F KAWABATA Evaluation System for Fabrics. In this study, the current Booten’s weavability limit and tightness relationships based on Ashenhurst’s, Peirce’s, Love’s, Russell’s, Galuszynskl’s theory and maximum-weavability is reviewed and modified as new relationships to expand their use to general cases (2D and 3D woven fabrics, all fiber materiel, all yarns etc…). The theoretical relationships were examined and found to agree with experimental results. It was concluded that the weavability limit and tightness relationships are useful tools for weavers in predicting whether a proposed fabric construction was weavable and also in predicting and explaining their physical and mechanical properties.
Simulations in orthopedics and rehabilitation – Part II: computer simulations
Authors: Dygut Jacek , Piwowar Piotr , Gołda Maria , Popławski Krzysztof , Jakubas Robert , Gonzales Gustaw , Piwowar Monika
Published: November 2016

Simulations in medicine have already become the mainstream trend in the field of research and education. It includes simulations on simulators through which students are afforded the opportunity to train manual skills as well as series of simulations that enable one to train not just motor and manual skills alone. Some of these offer the student the basis to train decision-making process and conduct experiments that visualize biological phenomena that are important from a doctor’s perspective. The authors have done a review of medical computer simulations and found that simulations in medicine focus, in respect of the issues raised, on techniques and computer science aspects. The first one is discussed in the paper “Simulations in orthopedics and rehabilitation – Part I: Simulators.” The second one is discussed in this paper. In the paper, the authors focus on computer simulations, in the broadest sense, presenting them while taking into consideration the distinction between simulations used for the following purposes: test (conducted under laboratory conditions), training (incorporated into school, universities syllabus), and diagnostic and therapeutic (within the hospital, clinics, private medical practice).
The genus Ramicrusta (Peyssonneliales, Rhodophyta) in the Caribbean Sea, including Ramicrusta bonairensis sp. nov. and Ramicrusta monensis sp. nov.
Authors: Ballantine David L. , Ruiz Hector , Lozada-Troche Chad , Norris James N.
Published: November 2016

Two new species of
Education as Tool for the Development of Creative Industries in Slovakia
Authors: Šipikal Miroslav , Madudová Emília
Published: November 2016

Education is widely accepted as important source of future economic growth and is strongly supported by public sources. Most of this support is oriented toward traditional education and industries. However, several studies show importance of creativity education as important feature for innovation and future growth. However, public support of creative industries is relatively new and most of policy measures that have been implemented are still not fully evaluated and understood. There si a strong need to look much more closer on way how public education influence creative industries and what policies could be placed to strengthen positive effects of this education also in the long run.

This article represents an output of the research about the creative industries support policy in Slovakia in the field of education activities. It is containing basic literature overview comparing support policies for traditional sectors and the creative industries. We analyzed conceptual documents at the national level and basic strategic documents in the regions and selected cities of the country. We also realized several interviews in different creative economy industries.

Generally, creative industries in Slovakia are much less in the centre of public support policy compare to traditional industry sectors. This is also the same in case of education. Despite of wide varietyof support tools used in the world, only few of them are applied in Slovakia. Interestingly, creative industries do not strongly require more creativity in education in schools. We found out the most important support in the field of education should not be related to creativity itself, but more on the complementary skills as ICT or entrepreneurship. We also found very limited role of universities and other public institutions in creative industries success stories.
Market-based Approach in Shift from Linear Economy Towards Circular Economy Supported by Game Theory Analysis
Authors: Dolinsky Martin , Maier Stephan
Published: November 2016

Purpose of the article is to partially describe underpinning economics for the circular economy. A circular economy (closed-loop system) is an advancement from the linear economy (open-loop system) which behaves according to the hierarchy of 6R, preferring reuse, remanufacture or recycle solutions insead of disposal (known also as a „linear dead-end“).

This new approach is a trigger of new business models seeking many times vor various kinds of support from the side of government. However, governmental support is not neither the only option nor the most functional one. Underpinning economics for the circular economy can be based also at market-based tools. What we have in mind under this term for the purspose of this paper is the game in the market being played between buyers and sellers.

Methodology: We have analyzed this interaction using game theory tool (interactive decision theory).

The scietific goal of our paper was to suggest a quick market-based solution how to support circular economy business models whilst helping to the society to solve certain social problems.

Our findings have led to a newly proposed way, how the current game in pricing could be changed.

An emphasis shall be placed on strategies how to rise prices of linear economy products whilst offering wider social benefits to small sellers of such products. The price increase of linear economy products is considered in this paper as a market-based incentive to support recycled, remanufactured ones, whilst circular economy products are becoming more economically feasible in comparison with more expensive linear economy products.
Computational Qualitative Economics – Using Computational Intelligence for Andvanced Learning of Economics in Knowledge Society
Authors: Andrasik Ladislav
Published: November 2016

In economics there are several complex learning themes and tasks connected with them difficult for deeper understanding of the learning subject. These are the reasons originating serious learning problems for students in the form of Virtual Environment because deeper understanding requires high level mathematical skills. Actually the most important feature for discerning this part of economics is the set of qualitative shapes emerging in discrete dynamic systems when they are undergoing iterations and/or experimentation with parameters and initial coordinates of variables. Among such shapes there are: - trajectories in evolving time; - trajectories in R2 of two variables; - cobweb portraits; - one control parameter bifurcation with first and/or with second variables; - two control parameters bifurcation in R2 (attractive basin of double controls); - cycles; - basin of attraction of two variables; - one Lyapunov’s exponent against some of control parameters; - Lyapunov’s exponents with two control parameters in R2; - absorbing area with possibility to create critical curves and/or attractors. The hope is that products of computational intelligence may help them solve such problems. Naturally, the meant complex economic problems and tasks have discrete, qualitative and nonlinear (noninvertible) nature resulting in increased level of difficulties. So with the term used in the head of this paper one has to understand narrowly: “qualitative nonlinear computational economics”. For better understanding the very nature of the problem we are using as appropriate example actual simulation of the model of new ICT products monopolies in virtual laboratory built in the routines setting dominantly in the software iDMC.
Nynorn: Die Rekonstruktion des Norn
Authors: Korobzow Natalie
Published: November 2016

The following article strives to present a project that was launched by language enthusiasts in an attempt to revive Norn, a Scandinavian language that used to be spoken on the Northern Isles but died out about 200 years ago. On that account, the reasons and mechanics of language endangerment and language death are examined in this paper as well as different approaches to language revival or revitalization. The importance of language as a means of preserving one’s identity is only one of the reasons why these kinds of projects deserve more attention than they have gotten so far. Although Norn is classified as aTrümmersprache, which means that not a lot is known about it, a lot of works have been published about it. As a topic, it is far from being exhausted. TheNynorn project, however, is a relatively new attempt that hasn’t been covered by scientific research yet. The aim of this paper is to provide insight into the work of the Nynorn community that tries to reconstruct a version of Norn that people will be able to speak one day.
1846G>A polymorphism ofCYP2D6gene and extrapyramidal side effects during antipsychotic therapy among Russians and Tatars: a pilot study
Authors: Sychev Dmitriy A. , Burashnikova Irina S. , Kazakov Ruslan E.
Published: November 2016

Background:

Сytochrome P450 CYP2D6 activity affects antipsychotic therapy safety. 1846G>A (CYP2D6*4) polymorphism frequency varies among different ethnic groups.

Methods:

We studied 1846G>A polymorphism in Tatar and Russian schizophrenic patients taking different antipsychotics and association of 1846G>A polymorphism and extrapyramidal disorders (EPD) frequency in schizophrenic patients on haloperidol monotherapy in daily doses up to 20 mg.

Results:

Heterozygous1846GAgenotype frequency among Tatars was lower (23.8% vs. 32.4% in Russians), but the differences did not reach statistical significance. The1846Aallele frequency among Tatars was also lower (11.9% vs. 24.3% in Russians), but the difference was not quite significant (p=0.0592). Average daily haloperidol dose in the group without EPD was significantly higher than in the group with EPD (11.35±4.6 vs. 13.87±3.3 mg, p=0.0252), but average daily haloperidol dose/weight ratios in the compared groups had no significant differences. A statistically significant association between EPD development and heterozygous1846GAgenotype and1846Aallele carrier frequency was revealed among all schizophrenic patients and among those of Tatars.

Conclusions:

Further well-designed pharmacogenetic studies in different Russian regions are needed to improve psychotropic therapy safety and to establish evidence-based indications for pharmacogenetic testing in clinical practice.
Enhanced oral bioavailability of metoprolol with gallic acid and ellagic acid in male Wistar rats: involvement of CYP2D6 inhibition
Authors: Athukuri Bhargavi Latha , Neerati Prasad
Published: November 2016

Background:

Cytochrome P450-2D6 (CYP2D6), a member of the CYP450 mixed function oxidase system, is an important CYP isoform with regard to herbal-drug interactions and is responsible for the metabolism of nearly 25% of drugs. Until now, studies on the effects of various phytochemicals on CYP2D6 activity in vivo have been very rare. Gallic acid and ellagic acid are natural polyphenols which are widely distributed in fruits and medicinal plants. In the present study, the effects of gallic acid and ellagic acid pretreatment on intestinal transport and oral bioavailability of metoprolol were investigated.

Methods:

The intestinal transport of metoprolol was assessed by conducting an in situ single pass intestinal perfusion (SPIP) study. The bioavailability study was conducted to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of orally administered metoprolol in rats.

Results:

After pretreatment with gallic acid and ellagic acid, no significant change in effective permeability of metoprolol was observed at the ileum part of rat intestine. A significant improvement in the peak plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the serum concentration–time profile (AUC) and decrease in clearance were observed in rats pretreated with gallic acid and ellagic acid.

Conclusions:

Gallic acid and ellagic acid significantly enhanced the oral bioavailability of metoprolol by inhibiting CYP2D6-mediated metabolism in the rat liver. Hence, adverse herbal-drug interactions may result with concomitant ingestion of gallic acid and ellagic acid supplements and drugs that are CYP2D6 substrates. The clinical assessment of these interactions should be further investigated in human volunteers.
Smart Textiles for Strengthening of Structures
Authors: Górski Marcin , Krzywoń Rafał , Dawczyński Szymon , Szojda Leszek , Salvado Rita , Lopes Catarina , Araujo Pedro , Velez Fernando Jose , Castro-Gomes Joao
Published: November 2016

This paper presents results of mechanical tests
on a prototype of an innovative structural strengthening
in form of self-monitoring fabric. Smart textile employs
carbon fibers conductivity for measuring strains while
monitoring changes of electric resistance under increasing
load. A general solution was tested in a series of calibrating
tests on strengthening of small size concrete slabs.
Promising results of simple specimen, has encouraged the
research team to perform the next tests using mastered carbon
fibre reinforced fabric. Main tests were performed on
natural scale RC beam. Smart textile proved its efficiency
in both: strengthening and monitoring of strains during
load increase. New strengthening proposal was given 10%
increase of loading capacity and the readings of strain
changes were similar to those obtained in classical methods.
In order to calibrate the prototype and to define range
limits of solution usability, textile sensor was tested in areas
of large deformations (timber beam) and aswell as very
small strains (bridge bearing block). In both cases, the prototype
demonstrated excellent performance in the range
of importance for structural engineering. This paper also
presents an example of use of the smart strengthening in
situ, in a real life conditions.
Development of Anti-lock Braking System (ABS)
for Vehicles Braking
Authors: Minh Vu Trieu , Oamen Godwin , Vassiljeva Kristina , Teder Leo
Published: November 2016

This paper develops a real laboratory of anti-lock
braking system (ABS) for vehicle and conducts real experiments
to verify the ability of this ABS to prevent the vehicle
wheel from being locked while braking. Two controllers
of PID and fuzzy logic are tested for analysis and
comparison. This ABS laboratory is designed for bachelor
and master students to simulate and analyze performances
of ABS with different control techniques on various
roads and load conditions. This paper provides educational
theories and practices on the design of control for
system dynamics.
The quality of carrot (Daucus carotaL.) cultivated in the field depending on iodine and selenium fertilization
Authors: Smoleń Sylwester , Skoczylas Łukasz , Ledwożyw-Smoleń Iwona , Rakoczy Roksana , Liszka-Skoczylas Marta , Kopeć Aneta , Piątkowska Ewa , Bieżanowska-Kopeć Renata , Koronowicz Aneta , Kapusta-Duch Joanna , Sady Włodzimierz
Published: November 2016

The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of various chemical forms of iodine (I−and IO3−) and selenium (SeO32−and SeO42−) on the nutritional and health-promoting quality of carrot (Daucus carotaL.) storage roots. The experiment (conducted in 2012-2014) comprised the soil fertilization of carrot ‘Kazan’ F1in the following combinations: 1. Control, 2. KI, 3. KIO3, 4. Na2SeO4, 5. Na2SeO3, 6. KI + Na2SeO4, 7. KIO3+ Na2SeO4, 8. KI + Na2SeO3, 9. KIO3+ Na2SeO3. Iodine and selenium were applied twice: before sowing and as top dressing in a total dose of 5 kg I ha−1and 1 kg Se ha−1. No significant influence of iodine and selenium fertilization was noted with respect to average root weight and leaf yield. Each year, the application of KI + Na2SeO4negatively affected the content of glucose and total sugars in carrot. An increased sucrose level was noted in the roots of plants treated with KIO3+ Na2SeO4, with a total sugar concentration comparable to the control. Irrespective of the year, carrots fertilized with KI were characterized by the highest accumulation of nitrates (III) – NO2−in roots. The simultaneous introduction of iodine and selenium compounds (KI + Na2SeO4, KIO3+ Na2SeO4, KI + Na2SeO3and KIO3+ Na2SeO3) into the soil reduced the content of nitrates (III) in carrot as compared to combinations with the individual application of these compounds. The influence of the tested factors on other analysed parameters (the content of dry weight, nitrates (V), chlorides, oxalates, citrates, free amino acids, carotenoids, phenolic compounds, phenylpropanoids, flavonols and anthocyanins as well as free radical scavenging activity (DPPH) was rather year-dependent.
Report of the fourth specimen of Amphiorchis solus (Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1970) Platt, 2002 46 years after the original description
Authors: Werneck M.R. , Medeiros L.S.
Published: November 2016

The aim of this paper was to describe the occurrence of the fourth specimen of Amphiorchis solus (Simha & Chattopadhyaya, 1970) Platt, 2002 (Digenea: Spirorchiidae) in a green turtle (Chelonia mydas L.1758) found in northeastern Brazil. Amphiorchis solus is a parasite that has only been reported in green turtles in India, Costa Rica and Brazil. Although the original description was made in 1970, only four specimens (including the one described herein) have been reported in the literature. In this note, we present the second occurrence of A. solus in Brazil, broadening information on the species and providing the first photographic record of this parasite.
Epidemiology and geographical distribution of gastrointestinal parasitic infection in humans in Slovakia
Authors: Dudlová A. , Juriš P. , Jurišová S. , Jarčuška P. , Krčméry V.
Published: November 2016

Examinations of the set of 2,760 samples of human stools revealed the current epidemiological situation in the occurrence of gastrointestinal parasitoses in Slovakia. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasitic infection was P = 6.81 % out of which the protozoan infections was P = 2.64 % and helminthiases P = 4.17 %, in the representation of endoparasitic species Entamoeba coli, Giardia intestinalis, Blastocystis hominis, Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura and Enterobius vermicularis.

The species with the highest proportion from the protozoa was Entamoeba coli (P = 0.79 %) and from the helminths Ascaris lumbricoides (P = 3.73 %). The highest prevalence of protozoan infections (P = 3.27 %) was found in the age group 8 – 18 yearly and helminthic infections (P = 5.84 %) in the lowest age group of children at the age of 1 month to 7 years. Almost regularly, there was most frequently infection with Endolimax nana, Giardia intestinalis and Ascaris lumbricoides. By comparison of all age categories, a high statistical significance of differences in the prevalence of helminthiases was found, which most frequently infected children aged from 1 month to 7 years (X2, p≤ 0.0001). The statistical significance of differences in the incidence of protozoan infections (X2, p≤ 0.01) and helminthiases (X2, p≤ 0.0001) was recorded between the compared regions of Slovakia (Western, Central and Eastern Slovakia) with the highest prevalence in the eastern region of Slovakia.
Individual and family protective factors of intentional and unintentional consumption of online pornography in Hong Kong
Authors: Ma Cecilia M.S. , Shek Daniel T.L. , Lai Catie C.W.
Published: November 2016

The purpose of the current study was to explore how positive youth development and family functioning were related to unintentional and intentional exposure to online pornography in Chinese adolescents. A total of 1401 secondary school students (mean age=12.43) participated in the study. Findings suggested that positive youth development and family functioning were associated with lower exposure to online pornography. In particular, higher levels of spirituality, social competence, mutuality and communication were associated with lower levels of both types of exposure to online pornography. Discussion focuses on the importance of promoting positive youth development and family functioning as protective factors against the negative influence of pornography among Chinese adolescents.
Qualitative evaluation of a service leadership subject in a Chinese context
Authors: Shek Daniel T.L. , Wu Jing , Lin Li , Pu Emma X.P.
Published: November 2016

Adopting a qualitative methodology, views of the students on a subject on service leadership were examined. Students taking the subject (n=153) were invited to use descriptors and metaphors to describe their experiences about the subject. Regarding the descriptors given by the students, most of them were positive in nature. Similar positive findings were obtained for the metaphors. The findings are generally consistent with those studies using the same methodology reported in the literature. In conjunction with other evaluation findings, the present findings suggest that students had positive experiences about taking the subject and regarded the subject to be able to promote their service leadership qualities.
Triadic Closure in Core Networks: Disentangling the Effects of Social Distance, National Origin Similarity and Shared Contexts
Authors: Mollenhorst Gerald , van Duijn Marijtje , Rydgren Jens , Edling Christofer
Published: November 2016

Acknowledging that the composition and structure of personal networks is affected by meeting opportunities, social distance, and national origin similarity, we aim to disentangle their association with triadic closure in the core of personal networks. We use data (collected 2009) on the core networks of three groups of Swedes (all born in 1990): native Swedes, and first- and second-generation immigrants from Iran and former Yugoslavia, where the respondent (ego) mentions up to five core network members (alters) and whether each pair of alters (dyad) know each other (triadic closure). A three-level multiple membership logistic regression model is performed, which allows the testing of dyadic alter-alter effects, ego effects, and their interaction (i.e., ‘triadic’ effects) on triadic closure. We show that social distance, national origin similarity, and the sharing of social contexts are all associated with triadic closure in the expected direction, and that the effects of social distance and national origin similarity become smaller if shared social contexts are taken into account. The effects of the sharing of social contexts are the largest and are robust, indicating that shared social contexts are a dominant and more important condition for triadic closure than are similarity on relevant socio-demographic characteristics.
Compactness result and its applications in integral equations
Authors: Krukowski Mateusz , Przeradzki Bogdan
Published: November 2016

A version of the Arzelà–Ascoli theorem for X being a σ-locally compact Hausdorff space is proved. The result is used in proving compactness of Fredholm, Hammerstein and Urysohn operators. Two fixed point theorems, for Hammerstein and Urysohn operators, are derived on the basis of Schauder fixed point theorem.
Krisenviren und der drohende Infarkt des Finanzsystems
Authors: Kuck Kristin
Published: November 2016

This article analyses the function of illness-metaphors for the construction of economic and social crises in public discourse. Three periods of crises in the history of the Federal Republic of Germany are contemplated: the oil crisis in 1973/74, the public dispute about Schröder’s so-called Agenda 2010 in 2003 and the financial crisis in 2008/09. It will show that illness-metaphors are used in combination with other metaphors involving other source domains. Thus, conceptual metaphors unfold scenarios, which explain the essence of and the coping with a crisis without requiring specific knowledge about economic relations.
I Do It My Way: Analysis of the Permanent Representation of the Czech Republic to the European Union
Authors: Galušková Johana , Kaniok Petr
Published: November 2016

This article analyses development of the Permanent Representation of the Czech Republic to the European Union (PermRep) from 2004, when the Czech Republic joined the European Union, until 2013. Its main aim is to test four concepts related to the three neoinstitutionalist theories – firstly, the path dependency and critical junctures models related to the historical neo-institutionalism, secondly principal-agent relation typical for the rational neo-institutionalism and the concept of the logic of appropriateness related to the sociological institutionalism. The authors try to determine which of these four models have the best explanatory potential when it comes to the development of the Czech PermRep. After analysing three independent variables (changes in executive, EU Council Presidency, EU strategies), and their impact on the dependent variable (character of the Czech PermRep), the authors conclude that particularly historical institutionalism and sociological institutionalism models have the greatest explanatory power while the contribution of rational institutionalism model of principal-agent is relatively weak.
Simulation on Vessel Intelligent Collision Avoidance Based on Artificial Fish Swarm Algorithm
Authors: Li Weifeng , Ma Wenyao
Published: November 2016

TAs the rapid development of the ship equipments and navigation technology, vessel intelligent collision avoidance theory was researched world widely. Meantime, more and more ship intelligent collision avoidance products are put into use. It not only makes the ship much safer, but also lighten the officers work intensity and improve the ship’s economy. The paper based on the International Regulation for Preventing Collision at sea and ship domain theories, with the ship proceeding distance when collision avoidance as the objective function, through the artificial fish swarm algorithm to optimize the collision avoidance path, and finally simulates overtaking situation, crossing situation and head-on situation three classic meeting situation of ships on the sea by VC++ computer language. Calculation and simulation results are basically consistent with the actual situation which certifies that its validity.
On the 70th years of Vyacheslav Girko and over a hundred laws of his M.A.G.I.C.-theory
Authors: Yezhov Stanislav
Published: November 2016

The article dedicated to twenty-five years of independence of Ukraine and gives a biography of Vyacheslav Girko, written by Stanislav Yezhov in the form of a commented interview.
Die Bildungsexpansion in der Schweiz – eine Reanalyse unter besonderer Berücksichtigung geschlechtsspezifischer Bildungschancen
Authors: Zangger Christoph , Becker Rolf
Published: November 2016

Unter Verwendung der Daten der Schweizer Volkszählungen von 1970 bis 2000 wird der Frage nachgegangen, wie sich die Geschlechterdisparitäten beim Erwerb der Studienzulassung (Maturität) wie auch weiterer Abschlüsse in der Schweiz in und mit der Bildungsexpansion verändert haben. Es kann aus einer handlungstheoretischen Perspektive dargelegt werden, wie sich im betrachteten Zeitverlauf geschlechtsspezifische Ungleichheiten von Bildungschancen verringern. Die höheren Chancen des Erwerbs der Studienberechtigung gleichen sich für die 18- bis 21-jährigen Frauen ebenso an, wie sich auch deren Wahrscheinlichkeit der Aufnahme einer (dualen) Berufsausbildung erhöht hat. Gleichzeitig erlaubt die Differenzierung der untersuchten Abschlüsse im Vergleich zu vorangegangenen Untersuchungen präzisere Aussagen zur Entwicklung weiterer herkunftsbedingter Ungleichheiten.
Phytogeographical Importance of the Mountains along the Danube Mountain Gap Valley and Surrounding Area
Authors: Schneider-Binder Erika
Published: November 2016

The Danube mountain gap valley between Romania and Serbia is known for its high biodiversity, represented by many xero-thermophilous species, phytocoenoses and habitats of Southern origin. The occurrence of these species and phytocoenoses is strongly related to the geographical position on the continent, with related climate conditions and the geomorphological structure. The different phyto-geographical regionalisation highlights the uniqueness of the area, being the meeting point of species with their Northern, Southern, Western or Eastern limit in the Danube Gorge break. Here are presented the identifying species of characteristic phytocoenoses, threatened species and typical habitats with relevance for the European Natura 2000 network.
Geographic Origins of Invasive Alien Species in “Iron Gates” Natural Park (Banat, Romania)
Authors: Goia Irina , Ciocanea Cristiana-Maria , Gavrilidis Athanasios-Alexandru
Published: November 2016

The paper presents an inventory and distribution of invasive alien species, in “Iron Gates” Natural Park, especially to highlight their origins, the most aggressive alien species, and their impact on conservation status of habitats, and indirectly their economic and sociological impact on the human communities.

This study may have an important role in improving the efficiency of conservation measures, offering valuable information to authorities involved in protected areas administration.
Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in the Northern Tributaries of the “Iron Gates” Gorge (Danube River)
Authors: Curtean-Bănăduc Angela
Published: November 2016

The paper presents the structure of the benthonic macro-invertebrates communities in the Berzasca, Sirinia, Liubcova, and Mraconia rivers. The results are based on quantitative benthos samples (95 samples), collected in July 2014 from 19 sampling stations within the study area. In longitudinal profile, the benthonic macro-invertebrate communities of the Sirinia, Liubcova and Berzasca rivers displays relatively large structural variability, while the communities of the Mraconia River displays smaller structural variability. The structure of the benthonic macro-invertebrate communities correlated with the biotope characteristics indicates the good ecological status of the analysed rivers, with the exception of the Berzasca River sector downstream of the town of Berzasca and immediately upstream of the Danube junction, a sector with moderate ecological status due to negative effects from man-made modifications in the lotic biotope of the sector.
Neuronal Dysfunction in iPSC-Derived Medium Spiny Neurons from Chorea-Acanthocytosis Patients Is Reversed by Src Kinase Inhibition and F-Actin Stabilization
Authors: Stanslowsky Nancy , Reinhardt Peter , Glass Hannes , Kalmbach Norman , Naujock Maximilian , Hensel Niko , Lübben Verena , Pal Arun , Venneri Anna , Lupo Francesca , De Franceschi Lucia , Claus Peter , Sterneckert Jared , Storch Alexander , Hermann Andreas , Wegner Florian
Published: November 2016

Chorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a fatal neurological disorder characterized by red blood cell acanthocytes and striatal neurodegeneration. Recently, severe cell membrane disturbances based on depolymerized cortical actin and an elevated Lyn kinase activity in erythrocytes from ChAc patients were identified. How this contributes to the mechanism of neurodegeneration is still unknown. To gain insight into the pathophysiology, we established a ChAc patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cell model and an efficient differentiation protocol providing a large population of human striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs), the main target of neurodegeneration in ChAc. Patient-derived MSNs displayed enhanced neurite outgrowth and ramification, whereas synaptic density was similar to controls. Electrophysiological analysis revealed a pathologically elevated synaptic activity in ChAc MSNs. Treatment with the F-actin stabilizer phallacidin or the Src kinase inhibitor PP2 resulted in the significant reduction of disinhibited synaptic currents to healthy control levels, suggesting a Src kinase- and actin-dependent mechanism. This was underlined by increased G/F-actin ratios and elevated Lyn kinase activity in patient-derived MSNs. These data indicate that F-actin stabilization and Src kinase inhibition represent potential therapeutic targets in ChAc that may restore neuronal function.

SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENTChorea-acanthocytosis (ChAc) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease without a known cure. To gain pathophysiological insight, we newly established a humanin vitromodel using skin biopsies from ChAc patients to generate disease-specific induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and developed an efficient iPSC differentiation protocol providing striatal medium spiny neurons. Using patch-clamp electrophysiology, we detected a pathologically enhanced synaptic activity in ChAc neurons. Healthy control levels of synaptic activity could be restored by treatment of ChAc neurons with the F-actin stabilizer phallacidin and the Src kinase inhibitor PP2. Because Src kinases are involved in bridging the membrane to the actin cytoskeleton by membrane protein phosphorylation, our data suggest an actin-dependent mechanism of this dysfunctional phenotype and potential treatment targets in ChAc.