bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in pediatric patients visiting International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
Authors: Kayastha Karuna , Dhungel Binod , Karki Shovana , Adhikari Bipin , Banjara Megha Raj , Rijal Komal Raj , Ghimire Prakash
Published: November 2019

Background Emergence of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic strains has spread due to production of β-lactamases, which can lead to failure of empirical therapy in clinical settings. Inappropriate use of antibiotics, particularly third generation cephalosporins has contributed to the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). This study aims to determine the prevalence of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL) production in E. coli and Klebsiella species isolated from various clinical samples. Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted at International Friendship Children's Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal from August 2017 to January 2018. Various clinical samples that included urine, pus, Cerebro-Spinal Fluid (CSF), body fluids, wound swab, endotracheal tip, catheter tip and blood were processed for culture. Following sufficient incubation, isolates were identified by colony morphology, gram staining and necessary biochemical tests. Identified bacterial isolates were then tested for antibiotic susceptibility test by modified Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method, and were subjected to Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) screening by using 30µg cefotaxime and ceftazidime. ESBL production was confirmed by combination disc method. Results From a total of 103 non-duplicated clinical isolates, E. coli (n=79), Klebsiella pneumoniae (n=18) and K. oxytoca (n=6) were isolated from different clinical specimens. Majority (62.1%; 64/103) exhibited Multi-Drug Resistance (MDR) and 28.2% (29/103) were ESBL producers. All of ESBL producing isolates were resistant towards ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime. Most ESBL producers were found to be susceptible towards imipenem (89.7%; 26/29), nitrofurantoin (82.8%; 24/29), piperacillin/tazobactam (79.3%; 23/29), and Amikacin (72.4%; 21/29). Conclusions High prevalence of multi-drug resistant ESBL organisms found in this study warrants restricting empirical treatment of the bacterial infection. Identification of ESBL producers in routine treatment of infectious diseases can reduce unnecessary and inappropriate antimicrobial use and can reduce the preventable morbidity and mortality.
The spatial patterns of taxonomic and phylogenetic diversity of seed plants with the climate factors across Ethiopia and Eritrea
Authors: Boru Biyansa H. , Wang Shengwei , Njogu Antony W. , Ochola Anne C. , Xin Haiping , Zhou Yadong , Wang Qingfeng
Published: November 2019

Back ground: Biodiversity is the basic units and measures of the health of ecosystems that provide diverse goods and services for the well-being of human societies and other life forms. However, in this era due to the threats from climatic change and other human-driven environmental changes the earth’s biodiversity is in a grave danger in the world wide. Here, we explored and mapped how the patterns of plant taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic diversity and structures vary across the geographical regions and with respect to environmental factors in Ethiopia and Eritrea in the horn of Africa by using different analyzing methods and diversity measuring indices for the same reasons.Results: Our analysis showed varied spatial distribution patterns of plant diversity across the region and with the gradients of climatic factors. While the central and southern highland parts of Ethiopia were found to be the primary centers of taxonomic diversity, the centers with higher phylogenetic diversity were found scattered in the region. The phylogenetic structures also vary greatly. About 70% of the floristic compositions in the region showed phylogenetically clustering patterns. Significant and different relationships were observed between the climatic variables and plant diversity and phylogenetic structures. Generally mean annual temperature were found to negatively and mean annual precipitation and elevational range have a positively impact the patterns of plant diversity in the region while variable patterns were observed among different plant growth forms. The phylogenetic structure patterns of woody and herbaceous plant groups in terms of NTI were found to be differently impacted by environmental factors.Conclusions: The patterns of plant diversity both from taxonomic and evolutionary perspectives vary greatly across the geographic and with climatic gradients in Ethiopia and Eritrea. Phylogenetic clustering patterns dominate the floristic compositions assembly in the region though considerable areas were found with floristics of phylogenetically overdispersing patterns. The patterns observed from evolutionary perspectives can provide more crucial information for conservation plans. It provide insights that enable the areas with high phylogenetic diversity and phylogenetically overdispersing assemblages to gain as much conservation attention as that of areas with high taxonomic diversity, given their species richness.
Influence of Tithonia Diversifolia on Maize (Zea mays L.) Yield, Fertility and Infiltration Status of Two Clay Varied Soils
Authors: Dayo-Olagbende Olufemi Gabriel , Akingbola Oluwawemimo Omowumi , Afolabi Gbolahan Saheed , Ewulo Babatunde Sunday
Published: November 2019

Towards a more sustainable soil management through recycling of readily available weeds in Akure, Nigeria, different rates of Tithonia diversifolia (tithonia) were compared on a field trial to evaluate its effect on soil properties. The experiment was sited at two locations in South gate of the Federal University of Technology, Akure. Prior to the field establishment, a composite soil sample was collected and analyzed for physico-chemical properties. The sites were cleared and tilled. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replicates. The treatments consisted of three levels of tithonia application which are 0, 3 and 6 t ha-1. Each experimental unit size was 2 m x 2 m with 1 m alleyway. Maize (Zea mays L. var.TZB-SR) seeds were sown at a spacing of 75 cm by 25 cm and 10 were randomly sampled per plot for growth and yield parameters. Data were collected on maize yield and soil physical and chemical properties after harvest to ascertain sustainability of the mulch material after cropping. Application of tithonia mulch improved growth, and yield indices of maize as well as soil physical and chemical properties. The contents of soil total N, exchangeable cations, , CEC, Organic matter content, total porosity, moisture content and infiltration rate were found to significantly (p>0.05)  increase in treatments with tithonia mulch. The best result was from the application rate 6 tha-1 because it improved and left the soil conserved after harvesting maize. Similar trends were observed at the two sites despite variation in inherent soil properties.
Steganographic Techniques Classification According to Image Format
Authors: Khaldi Amine
Published: November 2019

In this work, we present a classification of steganographic methods applicable to digital images. We also propose a classification of steganographic methods according to the type of image used. We noticed there are no methods that can be applied to all image formats. Each type of image has its characteristics and each steganographic method operates on a precise colorimetric representation. This classification provides an overview of the techniques used for the steganography of digital images
Novel Mutations within PRSS1 Gene that Could Potentially Cause Hereditary Pancreatitis: Using Bioinformatics Approach
Authors: Mustafa Mujahed I , Abdelmoneim Abdelrahman H , Elfadol Nafisa M , Osman Soada A , Abdelhameed Tebyan A , Hassan Mohamed A
Published: November 2019

Hereditary pancreatitis (HP) is a rare heterogeneous disease with partial penetrance identified by frequent episodes of severe abdominal pain, often showing in young aged children. It is complicating by chronic pancreatitis, and high rate of pancreatic cancer (up to 40-50%). The aim of this work was to classify the most deleterious mutation in PRSS1 gene and to predict their influence on the functional and structural level by a variety of bioinformatics analysis tools. The raw data of PRSS1 gene were recovered from SNP database, and further used to examine a deleterious effect using SIFT, PolyPhen-2, PROVEAN, SNAP2, SNPs&GO, PHD-SNP, PANTHER and P-Mut. The functional analysis predicted that two SNPs “rs1366278558 and rs767036052” have a deleterious effect at functional level. Additionally, we submitted them to I-mutant 3.0, and MUPro respectively to investigate their effect on structural level; the two tools revealed that; two mutations have a dramatic decrease of the protein stability, thus suggesting that the M1R and L4P mutations of PRSS1  gene could destabilize the amino acid interactions causing functional abnormalities of PRSS1 protein. The 3D structure of PRSS1 was predicted by RaptorX and modeled using UCSF Chimera to compare the differences between the native and the mutant amino acids. From the comparative analysis at the functional and structural level, these two SNPs “M1R and L4P” have a deleterious effect and thus could be used as diagnostic markers to predict HP. These findings can be used as a platform to develop large-scale studies in the future.
Financial stability management in banks: strategy maps
Authors: Samorodov Borys , Azarenkova Galyna , Golovko Olena , Oryekhova Kateryna , Babenko Maksym
Published: November 2019

To prevent crises in the economy, it is necessary to ensure the financial stability of banks, which is one of the main tasks facing the banking system.The purpose of this article is to develop tools for improving the efficiency of financial stability management in a bank based on strategy maps.Using UkrSibbank (Ukraine) as an example, two strategy maps are developed: a general management map and a local map – for the international payments division of the operational payments department. Structural elements of the designed strategy maps are: finances, clients, internal processes, training and development.Implementing the developed general strategy map in the bank’s practical activities involves the following measures: increasing financial stability; avoiding credit risk and optimizing the credit process; increase in profit; cost reduction; introducing new banking products; increase in the number of satisfied consumers; involvement and retention strategic clients.The developed strategy map for the international payments division of the operational payments department provides for the following measures: ensuring sufficient liquidity level of the bank’s balance sheet; introducing an effective system of analysis of origin of individuals’ and legal entities’ funds; direct correlation between employees of the international payments division and bank customers; timely informing customers regarding requirements updated.
The Influence of Perceived Risk and Trust in Adoption of FinTech Services in Indonesia
Authors: Meyliana Meyliana , Fernando Erick , Surjandy Surjandy
Published: November 2019

The service level in community must be considered if it wants to continue to be used by the users. This research studies the adoption of Financial Technology (FinTech) services in the terms of trust and risk. The work employs the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) theory as the theoretical basis combined with trust and perceived risk. The research method is quantitative. The data are analyzed by the Structural Equation Model (SEM) using Smart PLS V2.0. The researchers use a questionnaire in Google Form to collect the data. It is distributed online with the snowball data collection technique. As a result, 548 respondents are successfully gathered. The results indicate that the factor of users trusts influences perceived usefulness in the adoption to use FinTech services. However, the risk factor does not affect the use of FinTech services, which further does not influence the users’ attitude. The work contributes to the study of the adoption of FinTech services, which provides a view determining the users’ intention to use FinTech services in Indonesia.
Study of Anti-oxidant, Anti-inflammatory, Genotoxicity, and Antimicrobial Activities and Analysis of Different Constituents found in Rhizome Essential Oil of Curcuma caesia Roxb., Collected from North East India
Authors: Paw Manabi , Gogoi Roktim , Sarma Neelav , Pandey Sudin K. , Borah Angana , Begum Twahira , Lal Mohan
Published: November 2019

Background:

This investigation was designed to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant,
anti-inflammatory, genotoxicity, and antimicrobial activities of Curcuma caesia Roxb rhizome
essential oil.

Methods:

Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS) analysis was performed to determine the
chemical composition, standard antioxidative test DPPH assay, reducing power assay, in vitro antiinflammatory
activity (egg albumin denaturation, protease inhibitory assay) by using standard methods.
Similarly, antimicrobial activity was tested using the disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory
concentration ability (MIC); while to test genotoxicity, Allium cepa assay was used.

Results:

GC/MS analysis revealed eucalyptol (28.55%), epicurzerenone (19.62%), and camphor
(21.73%) as the major components of C. caesia rhizome essential oil. Potent antioxidant (IC50=
48.08±0.003 μg/mL), anti-inflammatory (IC50= 121.7±0.0013 μg/mL), and antimicrobial activities of
the essential oil were recorded better than the standard drugs Fluconazole for fungus and Ciprofloxacin
for bacteria. The essential oil also possessed a strong antibacterial effect against two tested bacterial
strains B. subtilis and B. cereus with 7.5 μg/mL MIC value, while for fungal strains the essential oil
was most effective against S. cereviaceae with an MIC value of 2.5 μg/mL. All the data were recorded
in triplicates. Allium cepa assay revealed minor genotoxicity with mitotic index, MI= 27.70%; chromosome
aberration, A= 1.1% of C. caesia rhizome essential oil.

Conclusion:

C. caesia rhizome essential oil possesses potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial
properties with negligible genotoxicity. Hence, the present study is highly significant for the
utilization of rhizome of C. caesia, a high-value ethnopharmacological plant for advanced R & D and
commercial application.
Alzheimer’s Disease Targeted Nano-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Authors: Altinoglu Gülcem , Adali Terin
Published: November 2019

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease, and is part of a massive and growing health care burden that is destroying the cognitive function of more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Today, therapeutic options are limited to approaches with mild symptomatic benefits. The failure in developing effective drugs is attributed to, but not limited to the highly heterogeneous nature of AD with multiple underlying hypotheses and multifactorial pathology. In addition, targeted drug delivery to the central nervous system (CNS), for the diagnosis and therapy of neurological diseases like AD, is restricted by the challenges posed by blood-brain interfaces surrounding the CNS, limiting the bioavailability of therapeutics. Research done over the last decade has focused on developing new strategies to overcome these limitations and successfully deliver drugs to the CNS. Nanoparticles, that are capable of encapsulating drugs with sustained drug release profiles and adjustable physiochemical properties, can cross the protective barriers surrounding the CNS. Thus, nanotechnology offers new hope for AD treatment as a strong alternative to conventional drug delivery mechanisms. In this review, the potential application of nanoparticle based approaches in Alzheimer’s disease and their implications in therapy is discussed.
Emerging Complexity and the Need for Advanced Drug Delivery in Targeting Candida Species
Authors: Wadhwa Ridhima , Pandey Parijat , Gupta Gaurav , Aggarwal Taru , Kumar Nitesh , Mehta Meenu , Satija Saurabh , Gulati Monica , Madan Jyotsna R. , Dureja Harish , Balusamy Sri R. , Perumalsamy Haribalan , Maurya Pawan K. , Collet Trudi , Tambuwala Murtaza M. , Hansbro Philip M. , Chellappan Dinesh Kumar , Dua Kamal
Published: November 2019

Background:

Candida species are the important etiologic agents for candidiasis, the most prevalent cause of opportunistic fungal infections. Candida invasion results in mucosal to systemic infections through immune dysfunction and helps in further invasion and proliferation at several sites in the host. The host defence system utilizes a wide array of the cells, proteins and chemical signals that are distributed in blood and tissues which further constitute the innate and adaptive immune system. The lack of antifungal agents and their limited therapeutic effects have led to high mortality and morbidity related to such infections.

Methods:

The necessary information collated on this review has been gathered from various literature published from 1995 to 2019.

Results:

This article sheds light on novel drug delivery approaches to target the immunological axis for several Candida species (C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, C. krusei, C. rugose, C. hemulonii, etc.).

Conclusion:

It is clear that the novel drug delivery approaches include vaccines, adoptive transfer of primed immune cells, recombinant cytokines, therapeutic antibodies, and nanoparticles, which have immunomodulatory effects. Such advancements in targeting various underpinning mechanisms using the concept of novel drug delivery will provide a new dimension to the fungal infection clinic particularly due to Candida species with improved patient compliance and lesser side effects. This advancement in knowledge can also be extended to target various other similar microbial species and infections.
Mitochondrion as a Selective Target for the Treatment of Atherosclerosis: Role of Mitochondrial DNA Mutations and Defective Mitophagy in the Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis and Chronic Inflammation
Authors: Orekhov Alexander N. , Poznyak Anastasia V. , Sobenin Igor A. , Nikifirov Nikita N. , Ivanova Ekaterina A.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory condition that affects different
arteries in the human body and often leads to severe neurological complications, such as stroke and
its sequelae. Affected blood vessels develop atherosclerotic lesions in the form of focal thickening
of the intimal layer, so called atherosclerotic plaques.

Objectives:

Despite the high priority of atherosclerosis research for global health and the numerous
preclinical and clinical studies conducted, currently, there is no effective pharmacological treatment
that directly impacts atherosclerotic plaques. Many knowledge gaps exist in our understanding of
the mechanisms of plaque formation. In this review, we discuss the role of mitochondria in different
cell types involved in atherogenesis and provide information about mtDNA mutations associated
with the disease.

Results:

Mitochondria of blood and arterial wall cells appear to be one of the important factors in
disease initiation and development. Significant experimental evidence connects oxidative stress
associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and vascular disease. Moreover, mitochondrial DNA
(mtDNA) deletions and mutations are being considered as potential disease markers. Further study
of mtDNA damage and associated dysfunction may open new perspectives for atherosclerosis
treatment.

Conclusion:

Mitochondria can be considered as important disease-modifying factors in several
chronic pathologies. Deletions and mutations of mtDNA may be used as potential disease markers.
Mitochondria-targeting antioxidant therapies appear to be promising for the development of treatment
of atherosclerosis and other diseases associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
Celecoxib A Selective COX-2 Inhibitor Mitigates Fibrosis but not Pneumonitis Following Lung Irradiation: A Histopathological Study
Authors: Azmoonfar Rasoul , Amini Peyman , Saffar Hana , Motevaseli Elahe , Khodamoradi Ehsan , Shabeeb Dheyauldeen , Musa Ahmed Eleojo , Najafi Masoud
Published: November 2019

Background:

Lung is one of the radiosensitive and late responding organs, and is an
important target for ionizing radiation. Radiation-induced pneumonitis and fibrosis are major consequences
of lung exposure to a high dose of radiation and pose threats to the lives of exposed people.
Mitigation of lung injury following an accidental radiation event or for patients with lung cancer
is one of the most interesting issues in radiobiology. In the current study, we aimed to determine
whether celecoxib, the most common cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, is able to mitigate
pneumonitis and fibrosis following lung irradiation or not.

Materials and methods:

20 male mice were assigned to 4 groups: control, celecoxib treatment,
radiation, and radiation plus celecoxib. Irradiation was performed with a dose of 18 Gy cobalt-60
(60Co) gamma rays. Celecoxib treatment (50 mg/kg) started 24 h after irradiation and continued four
times per week for 4 weeks.

Results:

Irradiation of lung led to remarkable infiltration of macrophages, lymphocytes, mast cells
and neutrophils. Also, a mild increase in fibrosis markers including accumulation of collagen, and
alveolar and vascular thickening, was observed. Post-exposure treatment with celecoxib was able to
mitigate fibrosis as well as alveolar and vascular changes, however, it was unable to mitigate pneumonitis
markers.

Conclusion:

Celecoxib showed that it may have an anti-fibrosis effect following exposure of mice
lung to radiation, although it was unable to prevent pneumonitis.
Typology of Social Network Structures and Late-Life Depression in Low- and Middle-Income Countries
Authors: Ojagbemi Akin , Gureje Oye
Published: November 2019

Background:

Rapid social changes and youth migration ensures a continuous drain on the social networks of the elderly in Low- and Middle-Income Countries (LMICs).

Objective:

We reviewed available literature on the relationship between social network structures and depression among community dwelling older persons in LMICs with a view to identifying patterns that might provide information for designing preventive psychosocial interventions.

Methods:

We searched the MEDLINE database through Pubmed, extracted information on the typologies of social network structures in LMICs and identified dimensions with the strongest systematic association with late-life depression, by weight, using the inverse of variance method. All analyses were conducted using the Cochrane review manager version 5.3.

Results:

Fourteen community-based surveys drawn from 16 LMIC contexts met criteria for syntheses. They included a total of 37,917 mostly female (58.8%) participants with an average age of 73.2 years. Social network size, contact with network, diversity of network, co-residency with own child, having more friends than family in the network, and prestigious standing of persons in the social network were protective structures against late-life depression. Conversely, low network diversity contributed 44.2% of the weight of all social network structures that are predictive of late-life depression.

Conclusion:

Recommendations are made for the design of new measures of social network structures in LMICs that captures the key dimensions identified. Epidemiological studies using such tools will provide more precise information for planning and prioritization of scarce resources for the prevention of late-life depression in LMICs.
Seismic Fragility of Tall Concrete Wall Structures in Malaysia under Far-Field Earthquakes
Authors: Aisyah Siti , Vafaei Mohammadreza , Alih Sophia C. , Aljwim Kotaiba
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

In recent years, the seismic vulnerability of structures in Malaysia has attracted the attention of researchers mainly because the majority of existing structures have not been designed for seismic actions. In this study, seismic vulnerability of tall concrete wall buildings has been investigated through the development of seismic fragility curves.

Methods:

Two 25-story tall buildings with similar plans but with the different number of parking levels were analyzed through the incremental dynamic analysis. The tall buildings were excited by 15 far-field earthquakes, and their inter-story drift demands and capacities were estimated. Nonlinear response of beams and columns was simulated through the lumped plasticity model. The inelastic response of concrete walls was taken into account through the use of distributed plasticity fibre-based elements.

Results and Conclusion:

The obtained results indicated that the probability of exceeding minor damage to the tall concrete wall buildings located in the Kuala Lumpur city was around 55%. However, the probability of collapse of these structures in the same city was less than 15%.
Hydrological Modeling of Green Roofs Runoff by Nash Cascade Model
Authors: Krasnogorskaya Nataliya , Longobardi Antonia , Mobilia Mirka , Khasanova Leisan Flyurovna , Shchelchkova Anastasia Igorevna
Published: November 2019

Background:

Green roofs (GRs) technology has gained increasing interest in recent years since it offers multiple benefits to urban environments, citizens and buildings. Eco-covers can capture some water nutrient pollutants, filter air pollutants and moderate the urban heat island effect. Beyond these benefits, abundant literature stresses the role played by the GRs from the hydrological perspective. They allow to face the increasing stress on the traditional urban drainage systems by reducing the annual stormwater runoff. In light of this, the hydrological behavior prediction of a vegetated cover is essential for urban planners, policy makers and engineers in order to quantify runoff mitigation potential so as to optimize their application.

Objective:

The aim of the present research is to meet this need by testing the accuracy of Nash cascade model in predicting the stormwater production of GR systems.

Materials and Methods:

The proposed model has been calibrated against hourly data of thirteen rainfall-runoff events observed at two experimental sites, both located within the campus of the University of Salerno, southern Italy. Event scale model calibration, aimed at the identification of the storage coefficient parameter, has been based on the optimization of a number of error statistics.

Results and Conclusion:

Despite its simplicity, the investigated model appears adequately to be able to predict the runoff production from the experimental green roofs with a good degree of accuracy, as described by the Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency index, which ranges between 0.54 and 0.94.
Efficacy of Dental Implants Placements between Lateral and Crestal Sinus Lift Techniques: A Split-Mouth Study
Authors: Al-Almaie Saad , Kavarodi Abdul M.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Bone atrophy and pneumatization of the maxillary sinus resulting from tooth loss, associated with low bone density in the region, do not usually allow adequate quantity and quality for the installation of osseointegrated implants.

Objective:

To evaluate the efficacy of crestal and lateral sinus lift techniques which are performed on same patients.

Materials and Methods:

Ten patients who required both crestal and lateral approaches in 20 sinus lifts were selected; 31 endosseous dental implants were placed into these patients, with a reported timeline for each approach. Assessment of the surgical procedures in all patients was done using a Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Clinical and radiographic parameters, including Pocket Probing Depth (PPD), distance between the implant shoulder and the mucosal margin (DIM) and distance between the implant shoulder and first visible bone-implant contact (DIB), were analyzed to compare implant survival for both approaches.

Results:

All implants were successfully osseointegrated. No significant differences were observed between lateral and crestal approaches in PPD, DIM and DIB (p-values = 0.0504, 0.7784 and 0.18170, respectively), and in the total VAS scores (p-value ≥ 0.05). Most of the patients preferred the crestal approach due to the delay in implant placements with the lateral approach.

Conclusion:

Evaluation of the sinus floor elevation is more precise when both techniques are performed on the same patient. Furthermore, although post-operative vertigo is a major concern with the crestal approach; patients preferred this approach over the lateral technique because it is less invasive and required less time for the procedure.
Influence of the Arabic-Coffee on the Overall Color of Glazed or Polished Porcelain Veneers – In vitro Study
Authors: Alghazali Nabiel , Hakami Afaf A. , AlAjlan Ghadah A. , Alotaibi Rawan M. , Alabdulwahab Faris N. , AlQuraishi Lama A. , Abdalkadeer Hadeel , Al Moaleem Mohammed M.
Published: November 2019

Background:

Sometimes, porcelain restorations experience some degree of colour change in oral environment, which could be related to the quality of diet and surface roughness of these restorations.

Objective:

The aim of thisin-vitrostudy was to evaluate the influence of Arabic-Coffee on the overall color of glazed or polished porcelain veneers fabricated from four different porcelain materials and two different thicknesses.

Materials and Methods:

A total of 160 porcelain disc of tested specimens were fabricated to a standardized thickness of 1.00 mm and 0.6mm using the following materials: Feldspathic porcelain, Zircon, E-max Press, and E-max CAD; (80 discs for each thickness and 20 specimens of each material used). Veneer specimens from each material were randomly divided into two subgroups (n = 10): 10 specimens were kept as glazed, were the other 10 tested specimens were adjusted with diamond burs, and then polished with Ivoclar Vivadent ceramic polishing kits using the recommended protocol for polishing provided by the company. A color of all tested specimens was measured using Vita Easy Shade Spectrophotometer. Then, all specimens were immersed in Arabic coffee (Al Mosafer Coffee, Saudi Arabia) and theromcycled for 1 week, and the colors of all tested specimens were then recorded again.

Results:

It was shown that there is a significant difference in the average color changes before and after immersing in Arabic-Coffee for all materials and thicknesses used in the current study. In-addition, significant differences in color changes were noticed between glazed and polished specimens. Moreover, colour change caused by the coffee was not significantly related to the thickness of the specimens used.

Conclusion:

Color stability of porcelain materials could be affected by surface treatment whether glazing or polishing. All aesthetic restorations should be deglazed whenever any adjustments have been done to maintain the color match and stability in an oral environment. Also, Arabic-Coffee is considered as a staining drink to a limited extend where patient should be assured to maintain their oral health to maintain the colour stability of their restorations.
Replacement of Congenitally Missing Bilateral Maxillary Canines with Dental Implants: A Rare Case Report and Mini Review
Authors: Alsameai Abduljabbar Mohammed , Khabaz Basema Abdullah , Alraawi Mohammed Abdo , Al Moaleem Mohammed M
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Maxillary canines play strategic roles in maintaining the normal function and visibility of teeth. However, rare cases of bilateral permanent congenitally missing maxillary canines were occurring. Replacing these missing canines with dental implant prostheses is an optimal treatment plan for aesthetics and functions.

Case Report:

In this case report, we described the replacement of bilateral maxillary canines with osseointegrated implants to support all-ceramic prostheses for a young female patient. This treatment avoids the conventional preparation of adjacent teeth as a part of prosthetic reconstructions. In addition to that, all-ceramic crowns are biocompatible with oral cavity structures.

Conclusion:

The stable short-term result has been achieved with the replacement of the bilateral congenitally missed canines with an implant and cemented all-ceramic crowns, with 3-years cumulative success rate.
Is Obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome A Postmenopausal Disorder?
Authors: BaHammam Ahmed S. , Almeneessier Aljohara S.
Published: November 2019

Previous studies have assessed the role of gender and menopause in Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). It is well known that menopause is a major risk factor for OSA. However, analogous studies on obesity Hypoventilation Syndrome (OHS) are limited. Recent studies have suggested that OHS is more prevalent in postmenopausal women. Moreover, women with OHS seem to have excess comorbidities, including hypothyroidism, hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, and diabetes mellitus, compared to men. In the present perspective, we discuss recent data on the prevalence and comorbidities associated with OHS in women, as well as the use of noninvasive ventilation in women with OHS, and try to answer the question, “Is OHS a disorder of postmenopausal women?”
Functional Outcomes After Salvage Procedures for Wrist Trauma and Arthritis (Four-Corner Fusion, Proximal Row Carpectomy, Total Wrist Arthroplasty, Total Wrist Fusion, Wrist Denervation): A Review of Literature
Authors: Schmidt Ingo
Published: November 2019

Background:

Several salvage procedures for the arthritically destroyed wrist exist. Each of these has advantages as well as disadvantages.

Aims:

The aim of this article is to give practical insights for the clinician on: (1) biomechanical and clinical fundamentals of normal and impaired wrist motion; (2) difficulties in assessment of postoperative outcome between measured motion by the surgeon and self-reported outcome by the patient; (3) indications for each procedure; and (4) differences in functional outcome between partial and complete motion-preserving as well as complete motion-restricting salvage procedures.

Methods:

In trend, Proximal Row Carpectomy (PRC) is slightly superior over four-corner fusion (4CF) in terms of functional outcome, but the methodology-related postoperative motion is decreased for both procedures. Furthermore, PRC is easier to perform, needs lower costs, and has fewer complications than 4CF. Total Wrist Arthroplasty (TWA) has the advantage compared to PRC and 4CF that the preoperative motion values are preserved, but it is limited by decreased load-bearing capacity for the wrist. Total Wrist Fusion (TWF) is associated with a higher load-bearing capacity for the wrist than TWA, but it is limited for carrying out essential activities of daily living. Both PRC and 4CF can be combined primarily by wrist denervation. Wrist denervation alone does not impair the movement of the wrist.

Results and Conclusion:

Salvage procedures for the arthritically destroyed wrist should be detected regarding patients age- and gender-related claims in work and leisure. Not all of them can be successfully re-employed in their original occupations associated with high load-bearing conditions.
Anterior and Posterior Segment Manifestations of Pathological Myopia: A Clinical Study from Turkish Aegean Region
Authors: Karabulut Sinem , Karti Omer , Zengin Mehmet Ozgur , Karabulut Mujdat , Kusbeci Tuncay
Published: November 2019

Background and Objective:

Myopia is one of the most prevalent vision conditions caused by a mismatch between the refractive power and axial length of the eyeball. High myopia may have a degenerative disorder, including cornea, sclera, choroid, optic disc, vitreous, macula, and peripheral retina. Although there are few studies regarding clinical features of pathological myopia, especially in the far-eastern countries where myopia is common, but are no comprehensive data in our region. This study was aimed to demonstrate both anterior and posterior ocular segment manifestations of pathological myopia.

Methods:

One hundred forty eyes of 82 patients who met the pathological myopia criteria were enrolled in this prospective study. Measurements of Central Corneal Thickness (CCT), endothelial cell parameters, Anterior Chamber Depth (ACD), Axial Length (AL) and Subfoveal Choroidal Thickness (SFCT) were performed in all patients. Presence of posterior segment pathologies such as peripapillary atrophy, tilted disc, Lacquer's crack, foveoschisis, myopic maculopathy, Choroidal Neovascularization (CNV), and peripheral retinal degeneration was recorded.

Results:

The mean age was 54.1 ± 14.2 years. 43 (52.4%) of the patients were female. One hundred patients (71.4%) were phakic and 40 (28.6%) were pseudophakic. The mean CCT, corneal endothelial cell density, ACD, AL, and SFCT were 548.91 ± 43.44 µm, 2335.89 ± 374.38 cells/mm2, 3.93 ± 0.79 mm, 28.75 ± 2.20 mm, and 94.56 ± 73.11 µm, respectively. Tilted disc, peripapillary atrophy and posterior staphyloma were detected in 89 (63.6%), 119 (85%) and 78 (55.7%) eyes, respectively. Normal fundus, tessellated fundus, diffuse chorioretinal atrophy, focal chorioretinal atrophy and macular atrophy were seen in 13 (9.3%), 59 (42%), 26 (18.6%), 14 (10%), and 28 (20%) eyes, respectively. Lacquer crack, CNV, and Fuchs spot were observed in 11 (7.9%), 39 (27.9%), and 47 (33.6%) eyes, respectively.

Conclusion:

This study reported clinical characteristics of eyes with pathological myopia in a retina specialty clinic at a tertiary referral center from the Turkish Aegean Region. Pathological myopia may affect both anterior and posterior ocular segments. However, posterior segment manifestations may be associated with lesions that threaten vision. Therefore, periodic follow-up in patients with pathological myopia is critical.
Public Health Nursing Art to Enhance “Strength of Community” in Japan
Authors: Okamoto Reiko , Kageyama Masako , Koide Keiko , Iwamoto Saori , Goda Kayoko , Shiomi Misa , Kusano Emiko , Tanaka Miho , Tokimasa Mai , Kiya Misaki , Koetaka Hanayo
Published: November 2019

Purpose:

The purpose of this study is to shed light on the public health nursing art (PHNA) that enhances “Strength of Community (SC)” with practical activities of Public Health Nurses (PHNs) in Japan.

Methods:

This study used a qualitative, descriptive design. According to the recommendation, we selected the best PHN activities as identified SC was enhanced that was implemented by multiple PHNs. Interviewees were PHNs who were recommended as PHNs who can talk about each activity on the representative of PHNs concerned. Data were collected three times each through a semi-structured interview, each lasting for about one hour. PHNA was classified into six frameworks: Searching; Stimulating; Facilitating; Cooperation; Continuing Quality Improvement; and Policy/Resource Development based on previous studies.

Results:

The results indicate that the PHNA included in the six frameworks may further be classified into 12 categories and 26 sub-categories. We also identified three elements of social justice, the underlying norm for the concept. 12 categories were extracted two for each framework, {Reality Searching}, {Reality Actualization}; {Ownership Fostering}, {Motivation Support}; {Collective Effort Promotion}, {Full Retention Promotion}; {Collaborative Piloting}, {Opportunity/Platform Provision}; {Capacity Building}, {Quality Management}; {Resource Development} and {Planning/Systematization}.

Conclusion:

This study succeeded in demonstrating that the PHNA to enhance SC was collected, refined, and structured in a multidisciplinary and comprehensive manner, within the context of promoting positive health among the population. In the future, the remaining challenges include the substantiation of the PHNA at the sub-category level and the development and dissemination of programs to master them.
Comparison of the Professionalism Behaviours of Medical Students from Four GCC Universities with Single-gender and Co-educational Learning Climates
Authors: Al-Qahtani Mona Faisal , Guraya Salman Yousuf
Published: November 2019

Background:

Medical professionalism is a multi-dimensional construct that is viewed differently across institutions. Such variations might be related to diverse cultural and societal characteristics of learners and faculty.

Objectives:

This study determined whether differences exist between proposed sanctions for a one-time academic integrity infraction associated with unprofessional behaviors. We selected four medical schools with either single-gender or co-educational learning environments in the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) countries.

Methods:

The 34-statement Dundee Polyprofessionalism Inventory I was disseminated to all medical students across years in selected institutions. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses were conducted, and median scores were used to determine the respondents’ proposed sanctions.

Results:

Of the 1941 invitees, 1313 students responded (response rate of 68%). Significant similarity, as recorded by median sanction scores was recorded for 21 (62%) of the 34 inventory items from two medical schools. However, significant differences of one level of difference between all the median sanction scores for single-gender and co-educational students were found for 32% of inventory items. In co-educational schools, males were stricter than females for 9% and seniors were stricter than juniors for 12% of the inventory items. In contrast, in single-gender schools, females were stricter than males for only 6% of the inventory and seniors were more lenient than juniors for another 6% of the inventory.

Conclusions:

This study reports significant congruence and some differences in medical students’ perceptions of unprofessional behaviors. Educators are urged to develop a unified framework for enforcing sanctions to unprofessional behaviors.
2-Aminoethyldiphenyl Borinate: A Multitarget Compound with Potential as a Drug Precursor
Authors: N. Rosalez Melvin , Estevez-Fregoso Elizabeth , Alatorre Alberto , Abad-García Antonio , A. Soriano-Ursúa Marvin
Published: November 2019

Background:

Boron is considered a trace element that induces various effects in systems of the human body. However, each boron-containing compound exerts different effects.

Objective:

To review the effects of 2-Aminoethyldiphenyl borinate (2-APB), an organoboron compound, on the human body, but also, its effects in animal models of human disease.

Methods:

In this review, the information to showcase the expansion of these reported effects through interactions with several ion channels and other receptors has been reported. These effects are relevant in the biomedical and chemical fields due to the application of the reported data in developing therapeutic tools to modulate the functions of the immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and nervous systems.

Results:

Accordingly, 2-APB acts as a modulator of adaptive and innate immunity, including the production of cytokines and the migration of leukocytes. Additionally, reports show that 2-APB exerts effects on neurons, smooth muscle cells and cardiomyocytes, and it provides a cytoprotective effect by the modulation and attenuation of reactive oxygen species.

Conclusion:

The molecular pharmacology of 2-APB supports both its potential to act as a drug and the desirable inclusion of its moieties in new drug development. Research evaluating its efficacy in treating pain and specific maladies, such as immune, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and neurodegenerative disorders, is scarce but interesting.
Evaluation of the Antioxidant Interactions Between Green Tea Polyphenols and Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs
Authors: Sentkowska Aleksandra , Pyrzynska Krystyna
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

The antioxidant interactions between the commonly used pharmaceuticals (diclofenac, ibuprofen and naproxen) and green tea polyphenols were evaluated.

Methods:

The antioxidant properties of the mixtures were evaluated by a scavenging effect on the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical.

Results:

The mixtures contained green tea extract and each drug exhibited lower antioxidant activity than the mathematical sum of the results obtained for individual components showing antagonistic effect. The results were obtained using isobolographic analysis and interaction factors also suggested the antagonistic type of interaction. Only when the concentration of the green tea infusion was relatively high (in comparison to the drug), an additive effect could be concluded.

Conclusion:

The high concentration of green tea infusion in comparison to the drug should be used in developing the new formulations as it can help in the therapy due to their antioxidant properties.
Preparation of PbI2 Microflakes by pH-Controlled Double-Jet Precipitation
Authors: Huang Haifang , Chen Xing , Huang Kai
Published: November 2019

Introduction:

Pure PbI2 crystal particles with a flaky shape were prepared by a pH-constant double-jet precipitation process, which has the significant advantages of easy operation and scaling-up. It was found that a pH below 5.0 of the mixing solution is the appropriate range for the formation of pure PbI2 phase, while at a pH above 5.0, the PbIOH phase would appear immediately and decrease its solubility in DMF (dimethylformamide) for the preparation of a high-quality film of perovskite solar cells.

Materials and Methods:

Various instruments, including XRD, FTIR, SEM/EDS were used to characterize the precipitated particles obtained under different experimental conditions, and the effect of various parameters, including pH, concentration of the lead ions, feeding rate, and the characteristics of the surfactants on the particle was investigated systematically. Thermodynamic calculation of species distribution in the solution systems of Pb2+-I-- H2O, Pb2+-I--Cit-H2O and Pb2+-I--EDTA-H2O were carried out to identify the indispensable role of pH on the formation of highly pure lead iodide crystals. The crystallization of PbI2 was regarded as the basis of the formation of flake-like products, which was also strongly dependent on the pH value of the solution.

Results:

It was found that at a low concentration of the PbI2 precursor, such as with very dilute lead ions or with a very slow feeding rate, the XRD reflection peaks at 12.67°, 38.67° and 52.39° will dominate, while the peaks at 25.91°, 34.27°, and 39.51° will become dominant in the case of high concentration. The lead iodide particles were tested by mixing them in DMF, and it was found that the samples precipitated at a pH of 2 and 4 could dissolve and form a homogeneous solution easily, while the sample produced at a pH of 6 would form a turbid suspension, and could not dissolve completely to obtain a clear solution.

Conclusion:

The results presented in this work provide detailed and significant information about the synthesis of highly pure PbI2 which may be applied in the fabrication of perovskite solar cells.