bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Crystallization‐controlled limitations of melt spinning
Authors: Ziabicki Andrzej , Jarecki Leszek
Published: April 2007

A numerical simulation of melt spinning reveals bifurcation of dynamic solutions leading to limited spinning conditions. The bifurcation phenomenon is controlled by stress‐oriented crystallization and crystallinity‐dependent polymer viscosity. Under the conditions of bifurcation, the space of the spinning conditions (take‐up velocity × filament thickness) splits into three regions corresponding to amorphous fibers, partially crystalline fibers, and inaccessible conditions. Major factors affecting the maximum spinning speed and minimum filament thickness for melt‐spun poly(ethylene terephthalate) are analyzed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 105: 215–223, 2007
Effects of urea and curing catalysts added to the strand board core‐layer binder phenol–formaldehyde resin
Authors: Lee Sang M. , Kim Moon G.
Published: April 2007

Effects of adding urea to the strand board core‐layer phenol–formaldehyde (PF) resin were investigated in conjunction with cure‐accelerating catalysts. Ten percent urea based on the liquid resin weight was added at the beginning, at three different middle stages of polymerization, and at the end of PF resin synthesis. No significant cocondensation between the urea and PF resin components occurred as identified by 13C NMR analyses, which corroborated well with the curing and strand board bonding performance test results. The various urea addition methods resulted in resins that slightly differ in the various tests due to the urea's temporary holding capacity of formaldehyde. The preferred method of urea addition was found to do it in the later part of PF resin synthesis for convenience, consistency, and slightly better overall performance. Some cure‐accelerating catalysts were shown to reduce the thickness swelling of strand boards. This study showed the usefulness of adding some urea to strand board core‐layer binder PF resins of replacing higher cost phenolic components with lower cost urea. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Preparation and self‐assembly of poly(diglycidyl maleate‐co‐stearyl methacrylate)
Authors: Yu Haojie , Wang Li , Zhou Junfeng , Dong Xiaochen , Jiang Guohua
Published: April 2007

Poly(diglycidyl maleate‐co‐stearyl methacrylate) (P(DGMA‐co‐SMA)) with reactive epoxy groups was synthesized by reaction of poly(maleic anhydride‐co‐stearyl methacrylate) (P(MA‐co‐SMA)) and epichlorohydrin. The effect of precipitant on self‐assembly behaviors of the resultant copolymer was investigated. It was found that vesicles and nanotubule liked aggregates can be obtained through self‐assembly of P(DGMA‐co‐SMA) in THF solution using CH3CH2OH (EtOH) as precipitant while spheral aggregates can be obtained using H2O as precipitant. The mechanism of the self‐assembly behavior was discussed. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 2007
Die quantitative Real‐Time‐PCR (qRT‐PCR). Methoden und Anwendungsgebiete
Authors: Holzapfel Bianca , Wickert Lucia
Published: April 2007

Die fluoreszenzbasierende Real‐Time‐PCR ist ein wichtiges Werkzeug in der Wissenschaft, der molekularen Medizin und Pharmakologie sowie der Biotechnologie. Die Verfahren sind, einmal etabliert, einfach durchzuführen und alle Formate erlauben einen hohen Probendurchsatz. Die Real‐Time‐PCR kombiniert hohe Sensitivität mit einer verlässlichen Spezifität. Die Entwicklung vieler neuer Anwendungen hat aber auch neue Probleme aufgezeigt, die bei der Etablierung und Durchführung der PCR sowie der anschließenden Auswertung und Interpretation der Ergebnisse eine besondere Aufmerksamkeit verlangen. Standardisierte Assays und verbesserte Auswertealgorithmen werden in Zukunft die Probleme der Referenzgene und Standardkurven überwinden und die Real‐Time‐PCR zu einer der empfindlichsten Nachweismethoden für Nukleinsäuren machen.
Enantioselective Hydrogenation with Self‐Assembling Rhodium Phosphane Catalysts: Influence of Ligand Structure and Solvent
Authors: Birkholz Mandy‐Nicole , Dubrovina Natalia V. , Jiao Haijun , Michalik Dirk , Holz Jens , Paciello Rocco , Breit Bernhard , Börner Armin
Published: April 2007

Three sets of new and related chiral phospholane and phosphepine ligands have been prepared for Rh‐catalyzed enantioselective hydrogenation. The size and substitution pattern of the cyclic monophosphanes were varied. More importantly, the ligands differ in the nature of the heterocyclic group linked to the trivalent phosphorus atom: 2‐pyridone or 2‐alkoxypyridine. In the corresponding Rh complexes, the pyridone units of two monodentate P ligands can assemble by hydrogen bonding and form chelates. In contrast, synthetic precursors bearing alkoxypyridine appendages are not able to aggregate via intramolecular hydrogen bonds. The nature of self‐assembly is dependent on the nature of the P ligand and the solvent used for the hydrogenation (CH2Cl2 vs. MeOH). These features affect the rate of the reaction as well as the enantioselectivity, which varied in the range of 0–99 % ee Complexation studies and DFT calculations were performed to explain these differences.
Electronic Structure and Optical Properties of AFeO2 (A: Ag, Cu) within GGA Calculations.
Authors: Ong Khuong P. , Bai Kewu , Blaha Peter , Wu Ping
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ultra‐Rapid Processing of Refractory Carbides; 20 s Synthesis of Molybdenum Carbide, Mo2C.
Authors: Vallance Simon R. , Kingman Sam , Gregory Duncan H.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cu(I)‐Mediated Deoxygenation of N‐Oxides to Amines.
Authors: Singh Sunil Kumar , Reddy M. Srinivasa , Mangle Mangesh , Ganesh K. Ravi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Regioselective Hydration and Deprotection of Chiral, Dissymmetric Iminodinitriles in the Scope of an Asymmetric Strecker Strategy.
Authors: Rossi Jean‐Christophe , Marull Marc , Boiteau Laurent , Taillades Jacques
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Catalytic Asymmetric Synthesis of Tertiary Alkyl Chlorides.
Authors: Lee Elaine C. , McCauley Kevin M. , Fu Gregory C.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Oxidative Palladium(II) Catalysis: A Highly Efficient and Chemoselective Cross‐Coupling Method for Carbon—Carbon Bond Formation under Base‐Free and Nitrogenous‐Ligand Conditions.
Authors: Yoo Kyung Soo , Yoon Cheol Hwan , Jung Kyung Woon
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Sulfite‐Promoted One‐Pot Synthesis of Sulfides by Reaction of Aryl Disulfides with Alkyl Halides.
Authors: Tang Ri‐yuan , Zhong Ping , Lin Qiu‐lian
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
VCl3‐Catalyzed Selective Oxidation of Sulfides to Sulfoxides Using H2O2 as Oxidant.
Authors: Trivedi R. , Lalitha P.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Efficient Synthetic Protocol for Substituted Guanidines via Copper(I)‐Mediated Intermolecular Amination of Isothiourea Derivatives.
Authors: Ube Hitoshi , Uraguchi Daisuke , Terada Masahiro
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Michael Additions of Methylene Active Compounds to Chalcone in Ionic Liquids Without Any Catalyst: The Peculiar Properties of Ionic Liquids.
Authors: Meciarova Maria , Toma Stefan
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Tri‐ and Tetrasubstituted Olefins by Palladium Cross‐Coupling Reaction.
Authors: Nunes Carolina M. , Steffens Daniela , Monteiro Adriano L.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Modular Synthesis of Tetrahydrofluorenones from 5‐Alkylidene Meldrum′s Acids.
Authors: Fillion Eric , Dumas Aaron M. , Hogg Sylvia A.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Oxy Aminated [60] and [70]Fullerenes with Cumene Hydroperoxide as Oxidant.
Authors: Lemiegre Loic , Tanaka Takatsugu , Nanao Takeshi , Isobe Hiroyuki , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Amine‐Promoted, Organocatalytic Aziridination of Enones.
Authors: Armstrong Alan , Baxter Carl A. , Lamont Scott G. , Pape Andrew R. , Wincewicz Richard
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
α,β‐Unsaturated Diesters: Radical Acceptors in Dialkylzinc‐Mediated Tandem Radical Addition/Aldol Condensation. A Straightforward Synthesis of rac‐Nephrosteranic Acid.
Authors: Bazin Samantha , Feray Laurence , Vanthuyne Nicolas , Siri Didier , Bertrand Michele P.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Ruthenium‐Catalyzed Intramolecular Cyclization of Hetero‐Functionalized Allylbenzenes.
Authors: Ohta Tetsuo , Kataoka Yohei , Miyoshi Akio , Oe Yohei , Furukawa Isao , Ito Yoshihiko
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Palladium‐Catalyzed Functionalization of Indoles with 2‐Acetoxymethyl‐Substituted Electron‐Deficient Alkenes.
Authors: Ma Shengming , Yu Shichao , Peng Zhihua , Guo Hao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Diels—Alder Reactions of 2‐Vinylindoles with Open‐Chain C=C Dienophiles.
Authors: Abbiati Giorgio , Canevari Valentina , Facoetti Diego , Rossi Elisabetta
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Hetero Diels—Alder Type Reactions Between Danishefsky′s Dienes in the Presence of Lewis Base Catalysts. An Efficient Method for the Synthesis of Substituted 2,3‐Dihydropyran‐4‐ones.
Authors: Kitazawa Takayuki , Mukaiyama Teruaki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Fast Synthesis of Some Flavones under Microwave Irradiation.
Authors: Mumtazuddin S.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Pyrido[3,2‐c]coumarin Derivatives by an Intramolecular Cyclization of 4‐Methyl‐2‐(ortho‐methoxyphenyl)nicotinic Acid Using Eaton′s Reagent.
Authors: Tagawa Yoshinobu , Yamagata Kenji , Sumoto Kunihiro
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Novel 2‐Vinylcyclopropane Phosphonic Acids.
Authors: Zeuner Frank , Angermann Joerg , Moszner Norbert
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Electrophilic Interaction of 2,3‐Allenoates with PhSeCl. An Unexpected Highly Stereoselective Synthesis of 3‐Phenylseleno‐4‐oxo‐2(E)‐alkenoates.
Authors: Chen Guofei , Fu Chunling , Ma Shengming
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Cadinene Derivatives from Eupatorium adenophorum
Authors: Wang Ming‐Zhong , Zhang Yan‐Yan , Li Shun‐Lin , Cai Xiang‐Hai , Luo Xiao‐Dong
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
C19 and C20 Diterpene Alkaloids from Aconitum toxicum Rchb.
Authors: Csupor Dezso , Forgo Peter , Csedo Karoly , Hohmann Judit
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of the Hemiacetal Pheromone of the Spined Citrus Bug Biprorulus bibax Utilizing an Iridium‐Catalyzed Oxidative Lactonization.
Authors: Suzuki Takeyuki , Morita Kenji , Ikemiyagi Hisako , Watanabe Kazuhiro , Hiroi Kunio , Katoh Tadashi
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Short‐Step Synthesis of Natural 2‐Arylquinolones Based on Iridium‐Catalyzed Three‐Component Coupling Quinoline Synthesis.
Authors: Nakajima Takayuki , Inada Takashi , Shimizu Isao
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Synthesis of Chromium Hemitrioxide Nanorods and Nanowires and the Solid‐State Growth Mechanism
Authors: Wang Jisen , Sun Jinquan , Bian Xiufang
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Preparation of Nitrogen‐Containing Heterocycles Using Ring‐Closing Metathesis (RCM) and Its Application to Natural Product Synthesis
Authors: Arisawa Mitsuhiro , Nishida Atsushi , Nakagawa Masako
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Formation of Carbocycles Through Sequential Carborhodation Triggered by Addition of Organoborons
Authors: Miura Tomoya , Murakami Masahiro
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Design of Polyamines and Related Compounds for Controlled DNA Folding Transition
Authors: Zinchenko Anatoly A. , Chen Ning , Murata Shizuaki
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Epoxysilane Rearrangement: Mechanistic Studies and Synthetic Applications
Authors: Sasaki Michiko , Takeda Kei
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Topology in Chemistry: Designing Moebius Molecules
Authors: Herges Rainer
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Geodesic Polyarenes by Flash Vacuum Pyrolysis
Authors: Tsefrikas Vikki M. , Scott Lawrence T.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Molecular Loops and Belts
Authors: Tahara Kazukuni , Tobe Yoshito
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Renaissance of Annulene Chemistry
Authors: Spitler Eric L. , Johnson Charles A. II , Haley Michael M.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Emergence and Self‐Organization in Chemistry and Biology
Authors: Newth David , Finnigan John
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
NMR Studies of Disordered Solids
Authors: Villanueva‐Garibay J. , Mueller K.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy: Its Use as a Probative Tool in Deamination Chemistry
Authors: Darbeau Ron W.
Published: April 2007

ChemInform is a weekly Abstracting Service, delivering concise information at a glance that was extracted from about 200 leading journals. To access a ChemInform Abstract, please click on HTML or PDF.
An inequality for the reduced wave operator and the justification of geometrical optics
Authors: Morawetz C. S. , Ludwig D.
Published: April 2007

We present an inequality for the reduced wave operator in the exterior of a star‐shaped surface in n‐space, with a Dirichlet boundary condition on the surface and a radiation condition at infinity. This inequality is used to demonstrate the continuous dependence (in a suitable norm) of the solution of a scattering problem upon the boundary data and inhomogeneous term in the differential equation. This basic result is then used together with the results of D. Ludwig [7] to prove that the formal solution of the scattering problem for a convex body, which is given by geometrical optics, is asymptotic to the exact solution. Similar results have been given in two dimensions by V. S. Buslaev [1] and R. Grimshaw [2], using different methods, who also consider the Neumann problem. Unfortunately the methods used here are inapplicable in that case.
Integrals of nonlinear equations of evolution and solitary waves
Authors: Lax Peter D.
Published: April 2007

In Section 1 we present a general principle for associating nonlinear equations evolutions with linear operators so that the eigenvalues of the linear operator integrals of the nonlinear equation. A striking instance of such a procedure discovery by Gardner, Miura and Kruskal that the eigenvalues of the Schrödinger operator are integrals of the Korteweg‐de Vries equation.

In Section 2 we prove the simplest case of a conjecture of Kruskal and Zabusky concerning the existence of double wave solutions of the Korteweg‐de Vries equation, i.e., of solutions which for |I| large behave as the superposition of two solitary waves travelling at different speeds. The main tool used is the first of remarkable series of integrals discovered by Kruskal and Zabusky.
Magnetic Properties and Crystal Structure of Solvent‐Free Sc@C82 Metallofullerene Microcrystals
Authors: Ito Yasuhiro , Fujita Wataru , Okazaki Toshiya , Sugai Toshiki , Awaga Kunio , Nishibori Eiji , Takata Masaki , Sakata Makoto , Shinohara Hisanori
Published: April 2007

Magnetic properties of solvent‐free crystals of the endohedral Sc@C82 are investigated by SQUID and X‐ray powder diffraction. We find that the crystal is a paramagnet and the magnetic susceptibility decreases from 150 K with evidence of antiferromagnetic‐like interactions by slow cooling. X‐ray crystal analysis reveals the presence of a phase transition at 150 K, which is attributed to an orientational ordering transition of the fullerene molecules. At low temperatures we find a magnetic metastable state that can be controlled by the cooling rate. The metastable state can be formed by rapid cooling. The direction of Sc@C82 molecular axis in the crystals is disordered in the metastable state, and the susceptibility is higher than that in the slow cooling case at low temperature.
Cover Picture: Effect of Gramicidin on Phospholipid‐Modified Monolayers and on Ion Transfer at a Liquid–Liquid Interface (ChemPhysChem 6/2007)
Authors: Santos Hélder A. , Carlsson Sanna , Murtomäki Lasse , Kontturi Kyösti
Published: April 2007

The cover picture shows a gramicidin embedded biomembrane that interacts with dextran sulfate (DS). These interactions affect drug transfer across the liquid–liquid interface. Langmuir–Blodgett and voltammetry techniques are used to study the interfacial and physicochemical properties of the system. A detailed characterization of the monolayers is presented, and drug transfer is discussed as a result of the modified surface charge and compactness of the lipid in the presence of gramicidin, calcium and DS. Further details can be found in the Article by H. A. Santos et al. on page 913.
Illness perceptions in depersonalization disorder: Testing an illness attribution model
Authors: Baker Dawn , Earle Michelle , Medford Nicholas , Sierra Mauricio , Towell Anthony , David Anthony
Published: April 2007

Depersonalization disorder (DPD) remains poorly understood and controversial in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Little is known about the cognitive representation of this disorder. In this study, 80 participants with DPD were assessed using the Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire to determine the nature of their perceptions, causal attributions and whether these correlate with levels of depersonalization and affect. Illness perceptions were generally negative; the nature of symptoms was described as mainly psychological but causal attributions were equally divided between psychological and physical. Over half of the sample believed that symptoms were due to ‘physical changes in the brain’. A strong illness identity, psychological illness attributions and high levels of depression were associated with greater depersonalization disorder severity. High levels of anxiety were also prevalent but the relationship between anxiety and depersonalization was unclear. The findings offer some support for a cognitive model of understanding depersonalization disorder, namely that attribution processes are linked to perceived symptom severity and a wide range of experiences come to be seen as part of the disorder. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Merkel cell carcinoma and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (collision tumor) of the arm: A diagnosis by fine‐needle aspiration biopsy
Authors: Barroeta Julieta E. , Farkas Tunde
Published: April 2007

Simultaneous involvement of the same anatomical site by two different primary malignant tumors is rare. Cases of hematopoietic malignancies associated with breast and skin neoplasms have been described. The association of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) and Merkel cell carcinoma (MCC) has been established, although the cause for this association is still unclear. There are reports of MCC metastatic to lymph nodes involved by CLL. We report the case of a 57‐year‐old man with history of CLL with concurrent involvement of the arm by CLL and MCC diagnosed on fine‐needle aspiration biopsy (FNA). To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of such tumors colliding in a nonlymphoid site, diagnosed by FNA in the English literature. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007; 35:293–295. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Cytomorphology and B72.3 labeling of benign and malignant ductal epithelium in pancreatic lesions compared to gastrointestinal epithelium
Authors: Nawgiri Ranjana S. , Nagle Julie A. , Wilbur David C. , Pitman Martha B.
Published: April 2007

Endoscopic ultrasound‐guided pancreatic fine‐needle aspiration biopsy very frequently produces gastrointestinal epithelial contamination (GIC). We studied the cytomorphology and B72.3 immunoreactivity of lesional epithelium of benign and malignant ductal lesions of the pancreas and compared the findings to our previously established template of GIC. Air‐dried smears, fixed smears, and ThinPrep® (TP) specimens were obtained using a cytobrush, directly from benign and malignant ductal lesions of 18 Whipple specimens, to ensure purity of the epithelium studied. Smear background, cell architecture, and cellular features were analyzed. Immunocytochemical staining with B72.3 was performed in 14 cases. Epithelium of ductal carcinoma was distinguished from benign ductal epithelium in chronic pancreatitis and GIC primarily by crowded architecture and atypical cellular features, including high nuclear‐to‐cytoplasmic ratio, irregular nuclei, nucleoli, and vacuolated cytoplasm. Benign ductal and GIC epithelium were only distinguished by architecture (goblet cells and brush borders), but not consistently, especially gastric epithelium that lacked these features. B72.3 shows promise in the differentiation between GIC and benign and malignant ductal epithelium, with no staining supporting benign ductal cells, fine punctate perinuclear staining correlating with GIC, and strong cytoplasmic staining supporting malignancy. Diagn. Cytopathol. 2007;35:300–305. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Summary of ‘Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: April 2007

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Conterno LO, Silva Filho CR, Rüggeberg JU, Heath PT. Conjugate vaccines for preventing meningococcal C meningitis and septicaemia. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD001834. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD001834.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: April 2007

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Hartling L, Bellemare S, Wiebe N, Russell K, Klassen TP, Craig W. Oral versus intravenous rehydration for treating dehydration due to gastroenteritis in children. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004390. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004390.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Kremer Leontien
Published: April 2007

These are the characteristics and key findings for a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Aher S, Ohlsson A. Late erythropoietin for preventing red blood cell transfusion in preterm and/or low birth weight infants. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004868. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004868.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Characteristics and key findings for ‘Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive mothers’
Authors: van Dalen Elvira , Kremer Leontien
Published: April 2007

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, published as: Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C. Hepatitis B immunisation for newborn infants of hepatitis B surface antigen‐positive mothers. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 2. Art. No.: CD004790. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004790.pub2; and as a shorterned version as: Lee C, Gong Y, Brok J, Boxall EH, Gluud C. Effect of hepatitis B immunisation in newborn infants of mothers positive for hepatitis B surface antigen: systematic review and meta‐analysis. BMJ. 2006 Feb 11; 332: 328–36. DOI: 10.1136/bmj.38719.435833.7C.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Commentary articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Commentary on ‘Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates’, with response from review author
Authors: Tibboel Dick
Published: April 2007

This is a commentary on a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Shah PS, Aliwalas LL, Shah V. Breastfeeding or breast milk for procedural pain in neonates. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004950. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004950.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying EBCH Summary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Summary of ‘Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea’
Authors: Milne Andrea
Published: April 2007

This is a summary of a Cochrane review, published in this issue of EBCH, first published as: Clasen T, Roberts I, Rabie T, Schmidt W, Cairncross S. Interventions to improve water quality for preventing diarrhoea. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2006, Issue 3. Art. No.: CD004794. DOI: 10.1002/14651858.CD004794.pub2.

Further information for this Cochrane review is available in this issue of EBCH in the accompanying Commentary and Characteristics and Key Findings Tables articles. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The CD53 and CEACAM‐1 genes are genetic targets for early B cell factor
Authors: Månsson Robert , Lagergren Anna , Hansson Frida , Smith Emma , Sigvardsson Mikael
Published: April 2007

Early B cell factor (EBF)‐1 is a transcription factor known to be of critical importance for early B lymphocyte development. EBF‐1 has been shown to directly interact with and regulate expression of a set of genes involved in the functional formation of the pre‐B cell receptor, but the dramatic phenotype observed in the EBF‐1‐deficient mice suggests that several additional genes are activated by this protein. In order to identify additional target genes for EBF‐1, we transduced a hematopoietic progenitor cell line, BaF/3, with an EBF‐1‐encoding retrovirus and investigated the induced gene expression pattern by micro‐arrays. This analysis suggested that among others, the CD53 and the carcinoembryonic antigen‐related cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM)‐1 genes both were induced by ectopic expression of EBF‐1. Identification of the 5′ end of the cDNA enabled the identification of promoter elements with functional binding sites for EBF‐1 and ability to respond to EBF‐1 expression in transient transfection assays. These data suggest that CD53 and CEACAM‐1 are direct genetic targets for EBF‐1, providing additional information concerning the activity of this crucial transcription factor in hematopoiesis.
Defective DNA methylation and CD70 overexpression in CD4+ T cells in MRL/lpr lupus‐prone mice
Authors: Sawalha Amr H. , Jeffries Matlock
Published: April 2007

We have determined that abnormal DNA methylation in T cells coincides with the development of autoimmunity, using a mouse model that exhibits an age‐dependent lupus‐like disease (MRL/lpr mice). Splenic CD4+ T cells were isolated from these mice at 5 and 16 wk of age (before and after autoimmunity is established) and the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (Dnmt1) and the methylation‐sensitive gene Tnfsf7 (CD70) was measured. Bisulfite DNA sequencing was used to monitor the methylation status of the Tnfsf7 gene. We found that Dnmt1 steady‐state mRNA levels were significantly lower in 16‐wk‐old MRL/lpr mice, which had established autoimmunity, compared to the 5‐wk‐old MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, the expression of CD70 was higher in MRL/lpr mice at 16 wk. CD70 was overexpressed in MRL/lpr mice compared to age‐ and sex‐matched MRL+/+ controls. Bisulfite DNA sequencing of the Tnfsf7 gene in MRL/lpr mice revealed that at 16 wk, CG pairs were hypomethylated compared to 5‐wk‐old mice, and that Tnfsf7 from MRL/lpr mice was hypomethylated at 16 wk relative to age‐matched MRL+/+ controls. Our data indicate that decreased expression of Dnmt1 and the corresponding T cell DNA hypomethylation correlate with the development of age‐dependent autoimmunity in MRL/lpr mice.
Cooperation between CD4 and CD8 T cells for anti‐tumor activity is enhanced by OX40 signals
Authors: Song Aihua , Song Jianxun , Tang Xiaohong , Croft Michael
Published: April 2007

The relative contribution of OX40 (CD134) to priming of CD8 T cells in complex systems where CD4 and CD8 cells respond and cooperate together is not clear. We previously found that OX40 expressed on tumor‐reactive CD8 T cells controls their initial persistence when adoptively transferred in vivo and is required for delayed tumor growth. We now show that exogenous stimulation of OX40 with agonist antibody augments its ability to suppress the growth of new as well as established tumors, correlating with marked expansion of adoptively transferred CD8 T cells. Concomitantly, anti‐OX40 strongly enhanced the number of tumor antigen‐reactive CD4 T cells. Moreover, the augmented accumulation of CD8 T cells was prevented in animals lacking MHC class II or depleted of CD4 cells and did not occur in OX40‐deficient animals receiving wild‐type CD8 cells, demonstrating that non‐CD8 cells are the major target of OX40 signals. These results suggest that while OX40 signaling to a CD8 T cell can control its expansion, OX40 expressed on non‐CD8 cells strongly influences CD8 priming and in vivo activity. OX40 therefore represents an important signal for allowing effective cooperation between CD4 and CD8 cells and for promoting cell interplay and tumor rejection where CD8 activity is limiting.
Identification and characterization of a novel antigen from the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis recognized by specific IgE
Authors: Pochanke Veronika , Koller Samuel , Dayer Régine , Hatak Sarah , Ludewig Burkhard , Zinkernagel Rolf M. , Hengartner Hans , McCoy Kathy D.
Published: April 2007

Identification and characterization of IgE‐inducing antigens are important for elucidating the mechanisms involved in IgE‐mediated immune responses in allergic diseases and parasite infections. While many allergens have been characterized, little is known about parasite antigens inducing specific IgE following infection. In order to identify antigens from the nematode Nippostrongylus brasiliensis, we generated an IgE‐producing B cell hybridoma from N. brasiliensis‐infected C57BL/6 mice and constructed a cDNA phage display library from N. brasiliensis. We successfully cloned and expressed an N. brasiliensis antigen (Nb‐Ag1) that showed specific binding to anti‐N. brasiliensis IgE. Nb‐Ag1 localized to the pharynx of adult N. brasiliensis, suggesting that Nb‐Ag1 is a potential pharyngeal gland antigen. Nb‐Ag1‐specific IgE could be detected in the serum of N. brasiliensis‐infected mice, but only for a short time and only following a challenge infection. In contrast, local administration of Nb‐Ag1 during primary, secondary and tertiary infections induced Nb‐Ag1‐specific IgE‐mediated active cutaneous anaphylaxis. Therefore, amongst the high amounts of polyclonal total IgE, low levels of parasite‐specific IgE responses are induced during primary helminth infections. Here, we show that even such low levels of parasite‐specific IgE are sufficient to prime mast cells in vivo and mediate degranulation.

See accompanying commentary: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200737314
Electronic Structures and Spectroscopic Properties of [Pt(CNMe)2(CN)2]n (n = 1–4): A Theoretical Exploration of Promising Phosphorescent Materials
Authors: Zhou Xin , Zhang Hong‐Xing , Pan Qing‐Jiang , Li Ming‐Xia , Wang Yue , Che Chi‐Ming
Published: April 2007

The structures of [Pt(CNMe)2(CN)2]n (n = 1–4) in the ground states (S0) and lowest‐energy triplet excited states (T1) were calculated by using the second‐order Møller–Plesset perturbation (MP2) and density functional theory (DFT) methods, respectively. The MP2 results show that the formation of the dimer causes a significant red shift in emission energy, and the frequency calculations reveal that a weak metal–metal interaction exists in the S0 state, which is greatly enhanced in the 3[dσ*pσ] excited state. The aggregation of [Pt(CNMe)2(CN)2]n (n = 1–4) was explored by using the slate‐type VWN functional in the DFT method. The 3Bu→1Ag transition in the dimer at 509 nm corresponds to the experimental higher‐energy emission at 530 nm in CH3CN solution, while the 3A′→1A′ transitions in the trimer and tetramer at 557 and 650 nm, respectively, are responsible for the low‐energy emission at 584 nm observed experimentally. The analyses of the Wiberg bond indices for the Pt–Pt bond indicate that the dimer may be the most stable form in solution and that the oligomer species (n = 3 and 4) can be treated as a special dimer in which the excess z electron ligand is bonded to the Pt atoms of the central dimer.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
N‐Acetoxyammonium Ions – Reactive Intermediates in the Polonovski Reaction
Authors: Volz Heinrich , Gartner Herbert
Published: April 2007

We have synthesized the N‐acetoxyammonium salts 5, 7, 8, 9 and 10 with different counterions (Cl–, Br–, ClO4–, BF4–, FSO3–) as models for the initially formed reactive intermediate in the Polonovski reaction. The perchlorates can be isolated in pure state. The geometries, relative stabilities and 1H and 13C chemical shifts of the N‐acetoxyammonium ions were calculated by DFT methods on the levels B3LYP/6‐311+G(2d,p) and B3LYP/TZVP. Further, the elimination reactions of the N‐acetoxyammonium salts yielding the corresponding immonium salts were studied. The immonium salts were also characterized.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
First Enantioselective Synthesis and Absolute Stereochemistry Assignment of New Monoterpene Aldehyde‐Esters from Bupleurum gibraltaricum
Authors: Brémond Paul , Audran Gérard , Juspin Thierry , Monti Honoré
Published: April 2007

The first enantioselective synthesis of two new monoterpene aldehyde‐esters from Bupleurum gibraltaricum, starting from an enantiopure building block, is described. The key step is a strictly controlled esterification to afford the somewhat unstable target compounds. The previously unknown absolute stereochemistries of these natural products have been established.(© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2007)
Morphometric indices as indicators of tectonic, fluvial and karst processes in calcareous drainage basins, South Menorca Island, Spain
Authors: Segura Francesca S. , Pardo‐Pascual Josep E. , Rosselló Vicenç M. , Fornós Joan J. , Gelabert Bernadí
Published: April 2007

This study proposes using morphometric indices to discriminate the processes that shape calcareous drainage basins. To illustrate this, a DEM of the southern part of Menorca Island (Migjorn) was created and basin slope, drainage density, hypsometric curve and integral, and the area occupied by open and closed dolines were extracted from it. These indices show an important dependence on tectonics, which govern the morphology of these drainage basins and encourage the predominance of karst and/or fluvial processes in the different sectors. The morphometric indices are clearly influenced by the geological Migjorn structure, a carbonate Upper Miocene reef platform gently folded as an asymmetrical anticline. The hypsometric integral and curve discriminate the influence of tectonics and structure whilst the drainage density and the proportion of open dolines are associated with basins with more pronounced fluvial processes. A cluster analysis based on these indices discriminated three sectors where different forms and processes are found. In the western and eastern sectors, rounded basins without major fractures predominate. The basins slope at less than 5°, and karst processes outweigh fluvial processes. The central sector, however, has steeper slopes, a clearly defined drainage system, and a predominance of fluvial over karst processes. Greater uplift in this sector has facilitated the formation of elongated basins that follow the main fracture lines. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of a discontinuous Galerkin approximation of the Stokes problem based on an artificial compressibility flux
Authors: Di Pietro Daniele A.
Published: April 2007

In this work, we propose and analyse a discontinuous Galerkin (DG) method for the Stokes problem based on an artificial compressibility numerical flux. A crucial step in the definition of a DG method is the choice of the numerical fluxes, which affect both the accuracy and the order of convergence of the method. We propose here to treat the viscous and the inviscid terms separately. The former is discretized using the well‐known BRMPS method. For the latter, the problem is locally modified by adding an artificial compressibility term of the form (1/c2)(∂p/∂t) for the sole purpose of interface flux computation. The flux is obtained as the exact solution of a local Riemann problem. The analysis of the method extends the well‐established strategies for the DG discretization of the Laplacian to the resulting partially coercive problem. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Abnormal cortical activation during response inhibition in 22q11.2 deletion syndrome
Authors: Gothelf Doron , Hoeft Fumiko , Hinard Christine , Hallmayer Joachim F. , Van Dover Stoecker John , Antonarakis Stylianos E. , Morris Michael A. , Reiss Allan L.
Published: April 2007

22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS) is a well‐known genetic risk factor for schizophrenia. The catechol‐O‐methyltransferase (COMT) gene falls within the 22q11.2 minimal critical region of the deletion. Brain activity, as measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a Go/NoGo, response inhibition task was assessed in adolescents with 22q11.2DS (n = 13), typically developing (TD) controls (n = 14), and controls with developmental disability (DD, n = 9). Subjects with 22q11.2DS were also genotyped for the COMT Met/Val polymorphism. Groups did not differ on task performance. However, compared to both control groups, the 22q11.2DS group showed greater brain activation within left parietal regions. Comparison of brain activation between 22q11.2DS Met and Val subgroups revealed significantly increased activation (Met>Val) in the cingulate but not the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These preliminary findings suggest that adolescents with 22q11.2DS compensate for executive dysfunction via recruitment of parietal regions. Further, the COMT Met subgroup of 22q11.2DS may recruit additional cingulate activation for tasks requiring attention and inhibition. 22q11.2DS is a unique model for learning about the deleterious effects of decreased dosage of the COMT gene on brain function. Hum Brain Mapp, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Clinical and operative management of persistent hyperparathyroidism after renal transplantation: A single‐center experience
Authors: Gilat Hanna , Feinmesser Raphael , Vinkler Yanush , Morgenstern Sara , Shvero Jacob , Bachar Gideon , Shpitzer Thomas
Published: April 2007

Background.

Persistent (tertiary) hyperparathyroidism (TH) after renal transplantation may cause considerable morbidity and necessitate parathyroidectomy. This study investigated the characteristics of this patient subgroup.

Methods.

The medical data and pathology specimens of 20 kidney transplant recipients who underwent parathyroidectomy for TH in 2001 to 2004 were reviewed.

Results.

Treatment consisted of subtotal resection of 3.5 glands in 13 patients, resection of 3 to 3.5 glands under intraoperative parathyroid hormone monitoring (iPTH) in 5 patients, and selective resection in 2 patients with markedly asymmetric gland enlargement. Eighteen patients had hyperplasia—diffuse in 10, nodular in 4, or both in 2; 2 patients had 1 large nodule in every gland. Six patients had postoperative complications. Follow‐up of 2 years revealed recurrent hypercalcemia in 1 patient and a high level of PTH (>60 pg/mL) in 12.

Conclusion.

Subtotal resection for TH may be insufficient. The use of iPTH monitoring is recommended. Renal transplant recipients have distinctive characteristics and require special perioperative attention. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2007
Hydrometeorological effects of intercepted snow in an eastern Siberian taiga forest using a land‐surface model
Authors: Yamazaki Takeshi , Yabuki Hironori , Ohata Tetsuo
Published: April 2007

This study investigates the hydrometeorological effects of intercepted snow in an intensely cold region. Observation of meteorological and hydrological elements in severely cold conditions, such as those in Siberia, is very difficult. One such typical element is that of snow interception. Therefore, this study applies a land surface model, which includes a relatively simple interception model for snowfall, to a taiga forest in eastern Siberia that is dominated by deciduous larch. The simulation demonstrates that solid water storage in the canopy is present from October to March. The finding concurs with photographs of the study site. Intercepted snow and ice decrease rapidly in March because of sublimation. Evaporation is low (0·01–0·05 mm day−1) in midwinter because the air temperature is very low. The average ratio of interception evaporation to precipitation is 0·16 in winter (October–March), 0·03–0·09 in midwinter, and 0·57 in March. Net radiation roughly balances with the sensible heat flux in midwinter. The albedo is almost constant at 0·35 in midwinter. Frost is negligible on the canopy in these simulations. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.