bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design and Justification of a Combined Tillage Machine
Authors: Ivanov Andrey
Published: February 2020

The tillage of soil with minimum energy consumption can be achieved by breaking the bonds between soil aggregates with tensile deformations. The design of a combined tillage machine is proposed and its technological parameters are justified. The proposed machine includes a frame with a flat working element with a leg, top and bottom rotary agitators with a drive mechanism placed behind a flat working element above each other. The design feature is that the circumferential velocity of a soil-destroying element of the lower rotary agitator is higher than the translational velocity of a machine, and the circumferential velocity of the upper rotary agitator is higher than the circumferential velocity of the lower rotary agitator. Besides, the proposed shape of a rotary agitator made along the Archimedes’ spiral does not allow soil to be collapsed by the back of a cutting edge. This reduces specific energy consumption at high quality of soil loosening. The purpose of the machine is to reduce specific energy consumption of soil treatment. This is achieved by the fact that the axis of rotation of the upper rotary agitator is shifted backwards in the direction of machine movement relative to the axis of rotation of the lower rotary agitator by h = R · sin · (arccos (– 1/λ)), where R – radius of the upper rotary agitator, λ – kinematic parameter characterizing the operation mode of the upper rotary agitator. Thus, the destruction of a pre-stressed soil formation due to tensile stresses caused by the mutual arrangement of working elements and the interconnection of machine operation modes contributes to the reduction of energy consumption.
Justification for the Conversion of a Combine Harvester to Operate on Compressed Natural Gas
Authors: Ivanov Andrey
Published: February 2020

The article considers the issue of expanding the use of gas motor fuel in the agricultural sector on agricultural machinery. Several regulatory documents on the regulation of relations in the use of gas motor fuels and on energy conservation and energy efficiency in agriculture are indicated. It was noted that the conversion of agricultural machinery, in particular, combine harvesters to compressed natural gas, has been little studied and little attention has been paid to this, although this area is promising, especially for the Tyumen region of Russia, since it has huge reserves of natural gas. The use of natural gas as a motor fuel on a combine harvester is more expedient than the use of liquid fuels, since such gas is a more economical, safe, environmentally friendly and environmentally friendly type of fuel. An Acros-530 combine harvester was chosen as the object of study. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of the combine by converting it to work on gas fuel. The technical characteristics of the gas engine Yaroslavl Engine Plant-53644 CNG, which is proposed to be used instead of a regular diesel engine, are considered. Analysis of the design of the Acros-530 combine allowed us to determine the place for placing gas cylinders, as well as the mounting points of the developed frame designs on which gas cylinders will be mounted. It is planned to install 9 cylinders with a capacity of 276.9 cubic meters on the combine. m compressed natural gas. An analysis of the technological operations of grain harvesting using a gas processor showed the possibility of achieving an annual economic effect for a field of 1,500 hectares of more than 100,000 rubles, mainly due to a reduction in fuel costs by 3.5–4.5 times.
Simulation of Accident-free Operation of the Modified Cultivator
Authors: Pirogov Sergei , Kokoshin Sergei , Cherencov Dmitry
Published: February 2020

In the process of pre-sowing tillage, cultivating shovels on various stands are widely used. The type of stand affects the energy and quality indicators of the process. However these stands have one significant drawback: with the increase in the strength of soil resistance, there may be buckling of the stand, which leads to a decrease in the quality indicators of the process. To stabilize the depth of cultivating the soil with cultivating shovels on elastic stands, while maintaining the vibration effect, is possible to achieve through the use of cultivating stands with variable stiffness, made on the basis of a flexible tubular element. The work presents the results of calculating the stresses and strains of the design of the proposed cultivator stand under loading by an external force. For research, the finite element method implemented in the ANSYS program was used. To simulate the movement of a cultivating shovel in the soil, we assumed the following - the treated soil was considered as a continuous medium. The tasks of constructing a grid model of the tubular element were solved, the horizontal component of the force exerted by the soil on the cultivator was determined, at which buckling occurs, the work of the cultivator shovel in the soil is modelled and the permissible speed is determined at which buckling of the flexible tubular element is eliminated.
Use of Probiotic Preparations in Waste Waters Cleaning of Agricultural Enterprises
Authors: Sannikova Natalia , Kovaleva Olga
Published: February 2020

The main cause of pollution of water basins is the discharge of untreated or insufficiently treated sewage into water bodies by industrial enterprises, utilities and agriculture. There are environmental problems in many enterprises of the country engaged in the production and processing of agricultural products. The article analyzes the results of research on the use of the Microbiological Cleaning System in model experiments. According to the results of model experiments, the optimal concentration of use of the drug was determined. Based on the results of the research, we propose the use of the Microbiological Purification System for pre-treatment of wastewater, even in the case of heavy pollution. Agriculture is an industry that is a source of environmental pollution. Purification of hazardous waste in enterprises can be accomplished through the introduction of biotechnology using probiotic preparations. The use of probiotics in the field of wastewater treatment is a relatively new direction that does not have much knowledge. The prospect of probiotic preparations for wastewater treatment is now being studied by many authors. As a result of the research, it was noted that the probiotic preparation intensifies the processes of biological wastewater treatment, which allows significantly reducing the intensity of odor and color of wastewater. As a result of the research conducted, the prospect of using probiotic preparations has been established.
Mathematical Modeling of the Transport Milk in a Pipeline
Authors: Tsoy Yury , Kirsanov Vladimir , Baisheva Ravza
Published: February 2020

The paper presents a mathematical modeling of the process of movement of milk in the pipe in the formation of the slug flow. The estimation of the degree of destabilization of milk fat from hydromechanical factors is presented, which is 6-10% for the obtained values of the flow rate. Experimental and calculated data show that with the slug flow of transporting milk from the milking unit collector to the upper milk line, the slug speed reaches significant values exceeding 10 m/s, and the acceleration at the border of sections I and II is 150 m/s2. All this creates prerequisites for intensive hydromechanical effects on the dispersed composition of fat in milk.
Innovative Production Technology of Drinks from Grape Cryopowders
Authors: Yaralieva Z A , Kasyanov G I , Tagirova P R , Shubina L N , Ilyasova S A , Mishkevich E Yu , Khrystyuk A V , Hasikhanov M S
Published: February 2020

A technology, based on the production of wine beverages from grape cryopowders in the mountain-valley zone of the Republic of Dagestan, is proposed. The data on the vacuum microwave drying of grape raw materials and subsequent grinding in a cryomill are presented. The modes of grape raw material preparation and its subsequent dehydration and cryo-grinding, which provide the possibility of successful use in the dried state in the production technology of wine drinks, are proposed. The principal feature is the use of whole grapes as a raw material, with rinds and seeds. The physical and chemical indicators, the content of phenolic substances and the organoleptic indicators of wine beverages made according to the traditional technology and the beverage made from grape cryopowders were studied. A comparative assessment of beverages was made. It is established that vacuum microwave drying conduces to better preservation of the properties of raw materials and finished products. The organoleptic assessment showed that the wine drinks developed according to the proposed technology had a more intense color and a more pronounced flavor of sweetness and sourness than traditional wine beverages. The advantage of this technology is the ability to transport grape cryopowders in unregulated temperature conditions to any point close to the consumer and carry out the production of wine beverages there.
Investigation and Assessment of Soil Fertility in Agroforest Landscapes
Authors: Belyaev A I , Tubalov A A , Koshelev A V , Belyakov A M , Fomin S D
Published: February 2020

The article presents the research materials of agrochemical properties of soil land use in the agricultural production co-operative ”Kolos”, Oktyabrsky district of the Volgograd region. The studied agroforestry landscape is located on the left bank of the Tsimlyansk reservoir, in the watershed of the Myshkov River. The territory of the farm is typical for the light chestnut sub -- zone of soils in the South of the Volgograd region. The results of the research are data on agrochemical properties of soils, their analysis and relative assessment, as well as proposals for improving fertility. The analysis of soil samples was carried out in accordance with the guidelines for the comprehensive monitoring of soil fertility of agricultural land. The soil sample was taken from an area of 40 hectares and is a mixed sample composed of 20 individual samples taken from the depth of the arable layer (0 -- 0.30 m). The total area of the surveyed arable land is 13.3 thousand hectares. Under laboratory conditions, chemical analyses were carried out and such parameters of soil fertility as humus content, content of macronutrients (NPK), content of water-bearing salts, soil granulometric composition, pH index were determined. Laboratory data are summarized in the table. The analysis of experimental data revealed the ranges of the studied parameters and identified four groups of relative soil fertility: fields with high, medium, low and very low fertility. The grouping of fields based on the account of soil fertility will allow using more differentiated and effective application of the system of measures aimed at increasing the yield and preserving soil fertility.
Red Data Updates for Orenburg Oblast
Authors: Kalmykova O G , Kin N O , Velmovsky P V
Published: February 2020

One of the ways to study and protect flora is keeping and publishing regional Red Data Books. A floristic study resulted in a series of data on the flora of Orenburg Oblast, which made it possible to make a set of criteria for updating the list of regional species for conservation. In early 2018, the authors proposed 6 species of vascular plants to be registered in the Red Data Book of Orenburg Oblast including Stipa zalesskii Wilensky, Iris aphylla L., Botrychium lunaria (L.) Sw., Pedicularis palustris L., Saxifraga sibirica L., Salvia glutinosa L. The registration of some of them in the Red Data Book was recommended in view of an increased anthropogenic adverse impact on their habitats and a growing threat of extinction. On September 2018, the proposed Red Data updates for Orenburg Oblast outlined in this article were adopted and approved by the Government of the Orenburg Oblast.
Assessment of the Use of the Potential of Agricultural Lands in Voronezh Region
Authors: V Shishkina Natalia , E Yushkova Victoriya , A Mamistova Ekaterina
Published: February 2020

The uniqueness and specifics of the land significantly affects both the organization of agricultural production and the rural area management. In order to make well-founded management decisions the economic subjects and public authorities need scientific grounding for assessment of land potential and its use efficiency. The authors suggest using three approaches to land quality and use assessment: agro-climatic potential, land quality score and agricultural production per hectare. Uniting these approaches into single assessment procedure produces a fairly objectively estimation of the economic potential of agricultural land in each selected territory.
Hydro Potential Assessment on the Territory of the Chechen Republic for Recreational Purposes
Authors: Zaburaeva H Sh , Gatsaeva L S , Sarsakov M S , Daukaev Asl A , Abumuslimov A A , Abumuslimova I A
Published: February 2020

The article describes the role of hydro-recreational resources in the form of a set of mineral sources, river systems, lakes, reservoirs and other objects in the structure of recreational potential. The region has a high recreational potential, which allows expanding the existing sanatorium and resort base and developing various types of tourism (medical and recreational, scientific, educational, rural, extreme sports, etc.). Physical and geographical features of the territory of the Chechen Republic provide favorable conditions for almost year-round recreational activities. The main focus is on ecotourism as an environmentally oriented form of recreation, which is most relevant to the concept of balanced environmental management and, in particular, water use. An assessment of the current state of the region recreational complex is given. The main factors limiting the development of recreation and tourism include: lack of infrastructure, a shortage of qualified personnel managers, a negative political image of the republic, created by the media. It is shown that their elimination will allow bringing the industry of recreation and tourism in the Chechen Republic to a higher quality level.
Nitrogen and Phosphorus Salts Treatment Effect to Spot Blotch Development on Barley
Authors: Zakharov Vladimir , Sidorov Anton , Tyryshkin Lev
Published: February 2020

The paper presents the data on seedling and adult resistance to dark-brown leaf spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) in barley samples described in modern literature as resistant to the disease and in varieties allowed growing in the territory of Russian Federation. All 32 samples and 69 varieties under study were highly susceptible to the blotch at both growth stages. This fact indicates to urgent need in developing new methodes for dark-brown leaf spot blotch protection. Treatment of barley plants varieties with mixture of nitrogen and phosphorus salts solution reduced the disease development on seedlings of 13 commercial varieties and on adult plants of 36 varieties (52 % out of all studied). For all these 36 varieties weight of 1000 grains was significantly higher on treated plots compared to untreated ones for 11–108 %. The mechanism of nitrogen and phosphorus salts effect on the dark-brown leaf spot blotch development (changing virulence/aggressiveness of the pathogen) indicates that change of the salts concentrations and their ratio in the solution could expand the set of host plants genotypes on which this treatment will decrease the disease development.
Ways to Reduce Water Erosion on Mountainous Slope Lands
Authors: Zaalishvili V B , Dzanagov S Kh , Bekuzarova S A , Gaplaev M Sh , Tsagaraeva E A , Kokoev Kh P , Lazarov T K , Osikina R V
Published: February 2020

The most important problem in the highland area is the development of technologies to reduce water erosion and improve soil fertility preservation. In order to restore degraded soils of slope lands, a number of measure is undertaken, among them planting crops across the slope and rational fertilizer treatment. To reduce erosion processes, mineral fertilizers were applied depending on the steepness of slope. High sections with the steepness of 9–10∘ received ammonium sulphate in a quantity of 60 kg/ha. Lower part of the slope with the steepness of 5–7∘ received ammonia nitrate as a nitrogen fertilizer in a quantity of 80 kg/ha, while the gentle sloping part with 2–5∘ had urea-formaldehyde fertilizer incorporated under winter tillage in a quantity of 50 kg/ha. At that, stripes were formed across the slope where tall-growing perennial herbs were planted: hill mustard (Bunias orentalis L.), silphium (Silphium perfaliatum), Eastern galega (Galeqa orientalis L.), cock’s foot grass (Dakfilis qlamerata L.). The research results have shown that thanks to fertilizers, yield of crops increases by a factor of 1.5–2, while soil losses reduced from 0.042 to 0.018 t/ha.
Features of Muscle Tissue Microstructure of Cattle in Industrial Agglomerations under the Environmental Pressure Conditions
Authors: I. Vasilenko Lyudmila , Grebenshchikov Andrey V. , Danyliv Maksim M. , Vasilenko Olga A. , Ozherelyeva Olga N.
Published: February 2020

The intensive development of the industrial sector, intensification of the agro-industrial complex, associated with the use of various fertilizers, active use of modern household chemicals lead to the constant increase in xenobiotics in the environment in both rural and urban agglomerations. There are settlements and farms within the industrial areas, therefore, the issue of accumulation of ecotoxicants in the organs and tissues of an animal, as well as the impact on the state of its health, is of particular importance. In the regions with tough environmental situation associated with anthropogenic contamination, xenobiotics of anthropogenic origin can directly or indirectly modify the activity of various body systems. The integral characteristic that reflects adaptive modifications of biota is the morphological and functional status of organs and tissues of an animal, including the state of muscle tissue. An analysis of the regenerative plastic potential of muscle tissue allows finding innovative approaches to assessing the effects of environmental impacts on animals. Up to the present day, the morphological and functional characteristics of muscle tissue in young animals and adult cattle have not been sufficiently studied in the conditions of the tough environmental situation of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation. The issue of ecological pathologies of organs in productive animals is quite urgent for the territory of the Central Federal District with its developed agro-industrial complex and industry. The study of animals from the agglomeration of the large chemical plant showed that cattle react differently to pollutants. The animals demonstrated changes not only in hematological and biochemical parameters, but also in the morphological and functional status of muscle tissue.
Improving the Ecological Status of Laying Hens By Increasing Iodine Nutrition
Authors: Kaloev B S , Kulova F M , Albegova L Kh , Nogaeva V V
Published: February 2020

One of the main problems of poultry farms located in the industrially polluted area is environmentally friendly products production. Iodine supplements in the rations of laying hens have a positive effect on mineral metabolism and the elimination of heavy metals from their bodies. To conduct the research according to the group-analog method, 4 groups of laying hens of the UK-Kuban UK cross were formed – 123, at the age of 29 weeks, 40 animals each. One group served as a control and was treated with a general ration, and the other three groups were experimental and, in addition to the diet, received respectively 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, mg of iodine (as potassium iodide) per 1 kg of feed. Conducted scientific and management experiment and data analysis show that the content of heavy metals in the studied muscles is reduced due to an increase in iodine nutrition. In particular, the zinc content in the chest muscles decreased by 12.3 mg/kg or 35 %, and in the leg muscles by 12.4 mg/kg or 30.7 %. At the same time, an increase in iodine nutrition contributes to a decrease in the concentration of heavy metals in the internal organs, which undoubtedly improves the ecological status of laying hens and the products obtained from them.
Diagnosis of Tendinites in Sport Horses
Authors: Konoplev Vladimir , Elizarkova Mariia , Bokarev Aleksandr , Kovalev Sergey
Published: February 2020

Sports horses during training and sporting events get injured to both the thoracic and pelvic limbs in the area of the metacarpus and metatarsus. In this regard, for the differential diagnosis of defeat tendon and ligament and other defeats of the limbs, biochemical blood parameters have been explored related to inflammation markers by visual studies in addition to clinical assessment of the intensity of inflammatory processes. Inflammatory processes in the animal’s body are judged by the results of aspirin test, by the level of molecules of average weight, sialic acids, circulating immune complexes. The research revealed changes in the blood of sick horses relatively to healthy ones. Some indicators of markers of inflammation were different: so indicators of aspirin test in the blood of sick animals it was at the level of – 0.028±0.002 c.u. in the blood of healthy animals it was – 0.015±0.002 c.u.; molecules of average weight in diseased animals were level – 0.216±0.009 c.u. and in healthy animals, this indicator was significantly lower and were 0.134±0.004 c.u.; index of sialic acid in the blood of sick animals was at the level of – 2.136±0.059 mmol/l, and in healthy horses – 0.419±0.027 mmol/l; circulating immune complexes in the concentration of PEG – 4.14% in sick horses were – 0.097±0.009 c.u. and in healthy – 0.149±0.011 c.u., at PEG 7.25 % in sick animals reached – 0.343±0.015 c.u. and – 0,174±0,011 c.u. in healthy horses; the content of lysozyme in the blood of sick horses was 145.71±3.98 mg/l, and in healthy animals – 143.57±3.97 mg/l. These studies suggest that changes in these indicators associated with the pathology of tendon-ligamentous apparatus of the limbs of sport horses.
Spread Dynamics of Leucosis in Cattle in Livestock Farms of the Russian Federation for 2000–2018
Authors: Kuzmin Vladimir , Gulyukin Mikhail , Gulyukin Aleksey , Metlin Artyom , Prosvirnin Gleb , Tsyganov Andrey , Orekhov Dmitriy , Makavchik Svetlana , Khakhaev Ivan , Evglevskiy Dmitriy
Published: February 2020

Leucosis occupies a leading position in the modern nosological structure of cattle infectious diseases. This is due to the high infection of livestock and large economic damage in affected farms [1–3]. Leucosis is a chronic tumor disease caused by an RNA-containing virus of the Retroviridae family. The disease is characterized by uncontrolled reproduction of immature hematopoietic cells [4, 5]. The objective is to assess in dynamics the indicators of cattle infection with the leucosis virus and the incidence of leucosis in farms of all categories of the Russian Federation in the period of 2000–2018. The data of the analysis of the epizootic situation for leucosis in cattle in farms of all categories of the Russian Federation for 2000-2018 are presented. Over this period of time, the number of diagnostic serological studies in the immunodiffusion reaction increased 1.88 times in all subjects. According to the results of epizootological monitoring in farms of all categories of the Russian Federation, the rates of infection of the bovine leucosis virus decreased 1.89 times, the incidence rates decreased 2.02 times. At present, the epizootic situation has improved markedly, but so far there are problems with incomplete release of farms from leucosis in cattle. It is necessary to continue work on the elimination of this dangerous chronic disease in farms of all categories in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Efficacy of Probiotic Preparation Based on Propionic Acid Bacteria in the Diets of Broiler Chickens
Authors: Orlova Tatiana , Khaustov Vladimir
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of testing in the diets of broiler chickens of probiotic preparation ”Propionic”, developed by the staff of the laboratory of Microbiology of the ”Siberian research Institute for cheese- making” Department of the Federal State budgetary scientific institution ”Federal Altai center of agrobiotechnology”, which includes a multi-strain culture of propionic acid bacteria species Propionibacterium freudenreichii. Scientific and economic experience was carried out under the conditions of poultry farm LLC ”Kuzbass broiler” of the Kemerovo region. For the research 2 groups of chickens-broilers (80 in each) was formed. The control group received the basic diet without probiotic. In the experimental groups to the main diet instead of feed antibiotic preparation ”Propionic” was added. In chickens of the experimental group, receiving probiotic preparation ”Propionic”, there was an increase in live weight by 2.38 %, absolute and average daily growth-by 2.42 %. The safety of probiotic-treated chickens was increased by 1.25%. Morphological and biochemical parameters of blood in chickens of control and experimental groups were within physiological norm that testifies to a healthy physiological condition of a bird. The serum of chickens treated with probiotic showed a decrease in the concentration of glucose by 2.97 % and cholesterol-by 6.38 %. The use of the probiotic preparation ”Propionic” allowed reducing feed costs per 1 kg of growth by 2.87 % and get an additional profit of 2.98 RUB from one head.
Ecological and Physiological Assessment of Animal Anesthesia Methods
Authors: Sidorova K A , Dragich O A , Ermolina S A , Kochetova O V , Balabanova O A
Published: February 2020

The use of pharmaceuticals is indispensable in everyday medical practice. The patient’s life sometimes depends on the right dosages and the chosen method of administration of the drug, therefore, for the successful provision of assistance to the animal, the specialist should become familiar with pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the drugs used to prevent undesirable side effects and to reduce the risk of adverse outcome of the disease. Currently, many veterinary enterprises have been opened in Russia, a considerable number of them are private veterinary clinics, where daily surgical interventions with the use of anesthetics are carried out. Depending on the equipment they use different methods of anesthesia of animals – inhalation, non-inhalation or a combined method. The article deals with pharmacokinetic factors in the field of veterinary anesthesiology, its peculiarities associated with different methods of introduction of different groups of anesthetics, which have a similar effect on the body when injected into anesthesia. Moreover, depending on the method of introduction, their absorption into the body varies, the depth of anesthesia changes and the time of exit from it is different.
Eritrocytic Parameters of the Blood of Calves with Different Birth Weights
Authors: Alekhin Yu N , Lebedeva A Yu , Zhukov M S , Morgunova V I , Kashirina L N , Sukhanova Yu E
Published: February 2020

In the conditions of a dairy farm with the help of the standard clinical, instrumental and laboratory methods the research on particularities of Eritrocytic parameters of the blood of calves (n=299) with different birth weights was carried out. It is shown that Holstein calves with normal intrauterine growth, born with body weight from 36.5 to 29 kg, have no reliable differences in red blood cell count. With a 1 kg reduction in body weight, there is a trend towards hyperchromia, but an increase in weight deficiency promotes of hypovolemia, hypochromia, and polycythaemia. In newborns with a body weight of 27.9–26.9 kg, polycythaemia is derived from hypovolemia, but, with a more pronounced weight deficiency, the role of erythrogenesis disorder in the pathogenesis of the syndrome increases. Hypochromia is a consequence of hematopoietic organs dysfunction and transmembrane loss of hemoglobin. Herein membrane destruction is caused by the increase in the content of toxical metabolites in the blood (sorptivity of red blood cells by 10–12 percent), and by a higher level of adrenaline (modification coefficient of membranes by adrenaline by 20–30 %). This indicates that the response of the fetus to the factors that inhibit its development is similar to a metabolic response against stress. At strong underweight body (b.w. less than 25 kg) exhausting of adaptive capability is observed with the increase in the blood level of toxical metabolites (sorptivity of red blood cells by 15 %), level of membrane destruction (level of ectoglobular hemoglobin in 2,8 times), and heterogeneity of red blood cells. Thus, in newborns with a body weight of less than 29 kg, the significant disturbances in the structure and functions of red blood cells were revealed, which gave grounds for stating that they had antenatal hypotrophy. Herewith, the severity of hematological changes depends on the degree of weight deficiency. Initially, it is hypovolemia and the resulting polycythemia, but, erythropoiesis disorders, and destruction of their membranes with increased polycythemia, and the development of hypochromia occur with the increasing severity of hypotrophy.
Effect of the Frequency of Probiotic Use on the Productivity and Incubation Properties of Eggs of the Meat Production Direction
Authors: Ovchinnikov A A , Matrosova E V , Ovchinnikova L Yu , Yermolova E M , Konovalov D A
Published: February 2020

The use of probiotics Levisel SB Plus and Cellobacterin-T in the amount of 0.50 kg/t of mixed fodder in the diet of young herd replacement of the meat direction during the growing period from 3 to 45 days allowed to get homogeneity by 20.9 and 13.1 % above the analogues of the control group. Probiotic feed additive Levisel SB Plus increased the number of fertilized eggs by 1.96 %, hatchability – by 0.90 %, hatchery waste decreased by 2.7 %, feed costs decreased by 9.6 %. However, the best production results were shown by the group with a similar rate of probiotic Cellobacterin-T introduction, which had these indicators, respectively, of 2.0 %, 1.28, 4.2 and 10.4 %.
Garden Strawberry Plants: From Test-Tubes to Plantations
Authors: Batukaev A A , Kornatskiy S A
Published: February 2020

The article discusses the role of strawberry in providing people with vitamin products. It emphasizes the direct dependence of productivity of strawberry plants on the quality of the original planting material. A crucial role of clonal micro-propagation was justified. Features of the in vitro propagation stages were identified and new technical solutions for improving production efficiency were offered. The efficiency of auxin-containing paste for adaptation to the peat-based soil substrate was proved. The use of a 2 % Diazinon solution killed sciaride larvae damaging the roots. Development of an alternative method for adapting microplants to hydroponics made it possible to abandon the use of any substrate and ensure the viability of plants at the level of 95–100 %.
Rhizobacteria Effect on Arsenic Migration and Translocation of Biogenic Elements in Plants
Authors: Belogolova G A , Gordeeva O N , Sokolova M G , Poletaeva V I , Vaishlya O B , Pastukhov M V , Baenguev B A
Published: February 2020

The study was aimed at the transformation of arsenic compounds in the rhizosphere, its accumulation in plants, P and Si translocation to plants under the influence of Bacillus megaterium var. phosphaticum, and Bacillus mucilaginosus with various forms of As compounds in the soil. The authors describe the maximum effect of Bacillus megaterium var. Phosphaticum strain on As migration, its mobilization and immobilization in the rhizosphere due to arsenic leaching from mineral and difficult-todestroy compounds and its accumulation in plants. The forms of arsenic compounds were isolated from the rhizosphere based on sequential extraction procedures. The features of the inter-element As-P interaction in plants were established. With the intense accumulation of As in the rhizosphere inoculated with rhizobacteria, the intake of phosphorus into plants was not observed, as contrary to Si. The study of As and biogenic elements behavior under the influence of rhizobacteria is of great importance in the development of ecobiotechnologies related to soil remediation and crop production.
Morphological and Physiological Characteristics of the Representatives of Melilotus Albus and Melilotus Officinalis, Growing on the Territory of Kalmykia
Authors: Dordzhieva V. I. , Voloshina T. V. , Ochirova K. S.
Published: February 2020

A comparative analysis of leaf blades of two kinds of clover (Melilotus albus, Melilotus officinalis) growing on the territory of Kalmykia has been carried out. Identified diagnostic features in the anatomical structure of the leaves of each species. The parameters of leaf tissue are set. The results of the work give an idea of the degree of plasticity of a characteristic of a leaf plate of two types of clover. Demonstrated features of plates of the same species can be equally, as well as specific for this species, and adaptive variability, due to which the plant has adapted to life in arid conditions. The water regime, indicators of transpiration and productivity of the clover were studied. Changes in physiological parameters were determined before the onset of the summer drought and at its height. The established morphological and physiological characteristics of the two species of clover allow them to be defined as plants that are well adapted to growing under the arid conditions of Kalmykia. The combination of the structural features of the clover with its physiological capabilities, valuable feeding properties and a positive effect on the soil, testifies to the effectiveness of the use of clover in the lean, saline areas of the region. The obtained data can be used in further systematic studies of the genus Melilotus, as well as in planning reclamation measures.
Root Crops and Daikon Seeds Yield in Relation to Sowing Time, Methods of Cultivation and Cultivar Features in Conditions of the North-Eastern Caucasus
Authors: Gaplaev M Sh , Terekbaev A A , Madaev A A , Eldarov I B
Published: February 2020

The paper introduces the data on the experimental study results conducted by the authors in terms of daikon cultivation on root crops and seeds. As a result, the data were obtained targeted at the development of locally adapted technologies to root crops production and a direct technology towards daikon cultivating on seeds in the conditions of Eastern Ciscaucasia. The research is carried out within the project No. 0741-2015-0009 “Improvement of vegetable-seed industry in the Chechen Republic’. The object of the research is daikon cultivar within the selection done by All-Russian Research Institute for Plant Breeding and Seed-Growing: [Sasha, Dubinushka and Moscow Bogatyr]. The yield of commercial daikon root crops is greatly influenced by cultivar, seeding time and plant layout in experimental plots (Table 1). The best option towards yield of sale-root crops of ‘Sasha’ cultivars during summer seeding in the foothill zone of the Chechen Republic was the seeding done on July 31 according to 35×10 cm scheme. In this variant, the highest yield (in terms of hectares) for this cultivar was obtained – 26 t/ha. Cultivar ‘Dubinushka’ gave the best yield at seeding that was done on July 17 with a 70x10 cm scheme. In this variant, the yield of marketable root crops was 55 t/ha. ‘Moscow Bogatyr’ cultivar showed within the experiment the highest yield at seeding on 3 of July according to the 70×10 cm scheme. The yield was 75 t/ha. The yield of mature seeds of daikon is affected much by the time of seeding, the plants' layout on the plots within the experiment and cultivar characteristics (Table 2). The time of ripening and harvesting, as well as, the ratio on overwintered plants depend directly on the cultivar characteristics and the seeding time. The optimal date to seed daikon cultivar ‘Sasha’ for to get seeds for the foothill zone of the Chechen Republic with the direct mode of cultivation was 20.08. The best seeding scheme for this cultivar is 45×10 cm. Seed productivity in this variant was 70 g/m2. Cultivar ‘Dubinushka’ gave the best seed yield when being seeded on August 10 with the direct method of cultivation based on a seeding scheme of 70×10 cm. The yield of seeds in this variant was 95 g/m2. Cultivar ‘Moscow Bogatyr’ seeded by the direct method of cultivation showed in our experimental study the highest seed yield at seeding 1.08 according to a 70×10 cm scheme. The yield per 1 hectare was 9.8 c/ha. The results of the experiment will make it possible to develop the technology for growing daikon for seeds and marketable products in the conditions typical to the territory under study.
Biodiversity of Pests in Grain Agrocenosis in Kabardino-Balkaria
Authors: Khromova L M , Malkandueva A Kh , Shomakhov B R , Shipsheva Z L , Shabatukov A Kh
Published: February 2020

The article studies the issues of resistance of winter wheat varieties selected by the State Center of grain n.a. P.P. Lukyanenko and the Institute of Agriculture of the KBRC of the RAS to pests. The studies were conducted in the steppe zone of Kabardino-Balkaria in the conditions of insufficient moisture in 2017-2018. Main diseases of winter wheat were identified, a valuable source material resistant to the main pathogens was isolated, and dominant diseases were established. The most adaptive, highly productive varieties of winter wheat were identified. The most ecologically plastic and stable varieties of winter wheat which can be used as donors were identified. Phytosanitary monitoring of the cotton moth was carried out in corn areas; phytophagous plants and the damage share were determined; progressive diseases were assessed; the species composition and frequency of pathogens were identified in grain areas.
Early Postfire Vegetation Dynamics of Shrub-steppe Communities (On the example of Burtinskaya Shrub-steppe of Orenburg Nature Reserve)
Authors: Kalmykova O G , Dusaeva G Kh , Maksutova N V
Published: February 2020

The intensification of fire regime in the shrub-steppe determined the need for research aimed at identifying the regularities of the effect exerted by wildfires on shrub-steppe ecosystems and one of their most dynamic components referred to as plant cover. A present study was carried out on the territory of Burtinskaya Steppe of the Orenburg Reserve and in its protected area in 2015–2016, following the fire that occurred in August 2014. It was found out that in the first year following a fire event, the total plant cover of steppe ecosystems affected by a wildfire is almost halved. The plant cover dominated by bunchgrasses, especially of the genus Stipa, significantly decreases, and the abundance and diversity of ephemeroids increase. The floristic alteration manifesting itself in the form of an invasive role of certain species (most often ephemeroids and biennials) during one vegetative stage is endemic to the areas exposed to overgrazing in the past. The outburning of plant cover can bring about a change in dominant and codominant plant species within a shrub-steppe assemblage.
Open Ground Collections of Saint Petersburg Botanic Garden for the Benefit of Botanic and Environmental Education
Authors: Kalugin Yu G , Musinova L P , Volchanskaya A V
Published: February 2020

Botanic gardens with their rich collections and scientific resources have a unique potential that attracts the attention of the society to the problems of preserving biodiversity, ensuring environmental education, conserving nature, providing leisure, serving the place for relaxation and entertainment. One of the oldest Botanic gardens of Russia is the Saint Petersburg Botanic Garden of the Komarov Botanic Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences demonstrates the experience of utilizing the open ground collections for Botanic and environmental education. The experts share various aspects of interaction between a Botanic garden and its visitors. The paper provides examples of excursions and other forms of work on the open ground. The paper analyzes the experience of foreign colleagues related to the motivation for visiting Botanic gardens by different age and social groups. The authors provide data of sociological surveys of visitors and the analysis of their motives to visit the Saint Petersburg Botanic Garden in particular. It also shows the growth of interest in the open ground collections.
Technological Properties of Grain Varieties of Strong and Valuable Wheat in the Northern Forest-steppe of the Tyumen Region
Authors: Alexandrovna Letyago Yulia , Ivanovna Belkina Raisa
Published: February 2020

The article presents the results of the technological properties of grain of strong wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15, Novosibirskaya 29, SKENT-1 and valuable Iren, Krasnoufimskaya 100, Lutescens 70, Tyumenskaya 25. The results of the evaluation of the mixing ability of flour of varieties of strong wheat are presented. The varieties of spring soft wheat were grown in 2010–2012 on the experimental field of Agrotechnological Institute of the SAU of the Northern Trans-Urals (the zone of the northern forest-steppe of the Tyumen region). The soil of the experimental field is leached chernozem, heavy loam in granulometric composition. The predecessor is annual herbs. The fertilizers were applied in the amount of 4 t/ha per grain yield. Soil cultivation is generally accepted for the culture in the zone. Laboratory studies were performed in the laboratories of the Agrobiotechnological Center of State Agrarian University of Northern Trans-Urals and Kurgan Research Institute of Agriculture. The results showed that by type of grain Tyumenskaya 25 showed the best results: high rates in 2010 and 2011 (781 and 787 g/l) and higher rates compared to the other varieties in arid period in 2012 (723 g/l). By the number of gluten, strong wheat varieties Novosibirskaya 15 and Novosibirskaya 29, valuable wheat varieties Iren and Tyumen 25 corresponded to the standards of the first class of GOST (at least 32 %). The same varieties were distinguished by the highest physical properties of the test when evaluated on a pharynograph and alveograph. The standards for strong wheat corresponded to the volume of bread from flour varieties Novosibirskaya 15 (1355 cm3) and Novosibirskaya 29 (1207 cm3). The mixing ability of flour of a strong wheat variety of Novosibirskaya 15 was manifested to a greater extent in the variant with a share of 50 % in a mixture with weak wheat. The improvement effect was 20–24 %. Under the conditions of production experience, the mixing ability of flour of strong wheat variety Novosibirskaya 29 when added to flour from grain of Ikar grade was also the highest in the variant with a ratio of 50: 50 %. The improvement effect was 29 %.
Efficiency of Application of Mineral Fertilizers for Winter Wheat on Leached Black Chernozem
Authors: Moiseeva Ksenia , Karmatskikh Alexander , Moiseeva Anastasia
Published: February 2020

The article considers the issue of productivity and economic efficiency of the use of slow-acting nitrogen fertilizers obtained using the ”Si” technology of winter wheat. The studies were carried out in 2014–2017 in the northern forest-steppe zone of the Tyumen region on the experimental field of the Agrotechnological Institute of the GAU of the Northern Trans-Urals. increased winter wheat grain yield. Winter wheat productivity according to the studied options on average over the years of research ranged from 3.36–3.41 t/ha, which is higher than the control about the option of 0.27–0.32 t/ha. The economic efficiency of the fertilizers used was determined by the cost of increasing the crop and the cost of obtaining it. Analysis of economic efficiency showed that when sowing the nitrogen fertilizer, urea encapsulated by Si technology (30 kg/ha d.v.) received the highest profitability – 81.68 %. The resulting conditionally net income in this option amounted to 1663.4 rub/ha. In the sixth version of the experiment (encapsulated urea according to the ”Si” technology (60 kg/ha a.v.) + KCl (30 kg/ha a.a.) + P2O5 (40 kg/ha a.a.)) profitability – 76.0 %. Obtained conditionally net income in this embodiment amounted to 1222 rubles/ha. The return on fertilizer use ranged from 4 to 85 %.
Effectiveness of Growth-regulator Energy-M By Seedlings of Tomatoes in Strict Arid Conditions of the Low Volga Region
Authors: Ivanovich Belyaev Alexander , Mikhaylovna Pugacheva Anna , Yur’evich Petrov Nikolay , Vladimirovna Kalmykova Yelena , Vladimirovna Kalmykova Ol’ga , Denisovich Fomin Sergey , Petrovich Zvolinsky Vyacheslav
Published: February 2020

The complicated conditions of the modern period of intensification of agricultural production cause the necessity in the development of new technologies adapted to current conditions of land use. Thereby we have developed the concept of “The system of technological measures for growing of vegetable cultures providing the rational effective use of material and energy resources and getting of economically profitable yields”. The paper presents the results of research on the effectiveness of growth-regulator for getting of high-quality yield of tomatoes. It was approved that the organosilicone product Energy-M stimulated plants‘ growth and development, and increased the productivity of tomatoes in strict arid conditions of the Low Volga region. The object of research was the tomato grade Hercules. The highest yields of tomatoes with the formation of big quantity of large fruits with pretty good eating characteristics were harvested when planting of the grade Hercules on the site with pre-sowing treatment of seeds and foliar nutrition of plants during the initial period of growth and the phase of budding-blossom. The application of the growth-regulator Energy-M on tomato sowings is an effective measure. The producers of high-quality vegetable production are recommended to use the said product widely when sufficient mineral nutrition by moistening of the seeds prior to sowing and by the treatment of the plants during the whole vegetation period.
Soybean Cultivation Cost-effectiveness Depending on Bacterial Preparations and Growth Stimulants Use
Authors: Shabaldas O G , Agafonov O M , Zelenskaia T G , Mukhina O V , Stepanenk E E
Published: February 2020

Researches and analysis of the data obtained on the basis of the Armavir Experimental Station of the All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Oilseeds establish the most effective bacterial preparations, growth stimulants and their combination for soybean cultivation under conditions of unstable moisture on ordinary chernozem. The soybeans yield during the seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofix P (2 kg/t) in combination with the film former was the highest and amounted to 1.83 t/ha, which is 0.23 t/ha higher than in the control. It also obtained the maximum collection of plant protein – 0,69 t/ha. The highest yields (1.72–1.83 t/ha) and relatively low production costs allow getting quite high profits (19,472–22,191 rub/ha) with complex soybeans seed treatment with rusobial preparations containing a film former. The maximum profitability in the study of seed treatment with rhizobial preparations was obtained in the variants with the use of the preparations Nitrofiks P and Nitrofiks Zh in combination with the film-forming agent – 95–107 %, which is higher in comparison with the use of bacterial preparations by 2–15 %, and with the control by 12–24 %. The most cost-effective (107 %) was the use of rhizobial Nitrofix preparation in its powder form (2 kg/t) combining with a film former. The obtaining soybeans yield – 1.73 t/ha in the treatment of seeds combining with a rhizobial preparation in combination with a growth stimulator Nagro bioenergetic made it possible to get the highest profit – 19 668 rubles/ha. Given the cost of production and profit per hectare rate, the highest level of profitability was obtained when applying seed treatment with the rhizobial preparation Nitrofiks Zh in combination with Albit and Nagro bioenergetic growth stimulants: 91–94 %. Hence it has been established that the bacterial preparations for treating seeds in combination with a film former and growth stimulant use provides high profits and increases the soybean cultivation profitability level.