bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Effectiveness of the Constraint-Led Approach in Developing Medical Procedural Skills
Authors: Taraporewalla K. , Barach P. , Lipman J. , Van Zundert A.
Published: August 2024

Background: The constraint-led approach is new for teaching clinicians motor skills most utilised in sports, physical education, and rehabilitation medicine domains. Thus far, it has not been used to teach medical procedural tasks. This mixed methods study explores how the constraint-led approach can teach a complex medical procedural task, ultrasound-guided peripheral venous access. It compares its effectiveness in teaching novice performers to an established blended training course employing a traditional cognitive approach. Methods: Medical students were taught using the constraint-led approach, and practising clinicians (control group) completed a blended course utilising a cognitive approach. Teaching effectiveness was assessed by measuring the time required to perform the task on a manikin simulator. Results: The median time to complete the task for the medical student group was 623 seconds (IQR 470-783) compared to the control group time of 724 seconds (IQR 624- 1002), with a p-value of 0.73. The self-rated medical student group’s confidence in performing the task was significantly greater after the training than in the control group, with a p-value of 0.023. Conclusions: The Constraint-Led Approach is as effective as conventional teaching for a complex medical procedure. Further research is needed to assess the effectiveness and sustained learning benefits of teaching medical procedures in different participants, environments, and tasks.
Praksisbaseret læreruddannelse og integreret praktik
Authors: Nielsen Birgitte Lund , Wied Kia
Published: August 2024

ResuméI artiklen præsenteres analyser fra en tværgående udviklingsgruppe af læreruddannere indenfor naturfag, der har undersøgt muligheder og udfordringer relateret til integreret praktik. Teoretisk samles der op på forskning under disse overskrifter: integreret praktik, sammenhæng og progression, og praksisbaseret læreruddannelse. Empirisk indgår materiale fra workshops i udviklingsgruppen, både audiooptagede dialoger og forløbsskitser. Det samlede materiale kondenseres i en model til analyse og videreudvikling af forløb med integreret praktik og diskuteres under en række tematiske overskrifter. Betydningen af den organisatoriske rammesætning på professionshøjskolerne fremhæves, herunder bekymring for, at større fag som dansk og matematik prioriteres, hvilket paradoksalt nok kan forringe muligheder for praksissamarbejde i naturfag. Der præsenteres forskellige eksempler, hvor bevægelsen af både aktører og artefakter på tværs af uddannelsens arenaer er en væsentlig pointe, og hvor der på forskellige måder indgår en progression fra beskyttede øvebaner, fx med praksisapproksimationer på campus, til den fulde kompleksitet i åben praksis.
AbstractThe paper presents analyses from a national group of science teacher educators examining possibilities and challenges related to integrated school practice. In the theoretical background there is a condensation of research organized under the headings: integrated school practice, coherence and progression, and practice-based teacher education. The empirical material consists of audio-recordings from workshops and sketched progressions. A model is presented aimed to be used in analyses of integrated school practice and discussed under thematic headings. The importance of the organizational framing is emphasized, including worries that the larger subjects like Danish and Mathematics will be prioritized, thus paradoxically leading to less practice cooperation in science. A range of examples are presented, where the movement across the arenas of teacher education is a key point and where there in various ways have been worked with a progression from protected practice for example with approximations of practice at campus to the full authenticity at schools.
Myter om lærermangel
Authors: Dahl Kari Kragh Blume , Andersen Frans Ørsted
Published: August 2024

ResuméLærermangel i skolen er et stigende problem både i Danmark og internationalt. Artiklen undersøger nogle vedholdende myter om lærermangel, som fremsættes i litteraturen som ’mangelfuld læreruddannelse’ (myte 1), ’manglende transfer i praktikken på læreruddannelsen til praksis’ (myte 2) og ’vedvarende professionalisering i det nye arbejdsliv i skolen’ (myte 3). Myterne begrundes som ’mangler’ i viden, pædagogik og praktikperioder i læreruddannelsen (myte 1 og 2), som tænkes imødekommet i en fortløbende professionaliseringsproces i skolens arbejdsliv (myte 3). Artiklen argumenterer gennem interviews med lærerstuderende og lærere, diskussion af litteratur samt ved at trække på situeret læringsteori, professionsorienteret litteratur og Pierre Bourdieu for at problematisere lærermangel som resultatet af en professionel identitetskrise, hvor tids-, top- og økonomistyring i uddannelse og arbejdsliv medfører gradvis afmontering af tilhørsforhold og engagement hos lærerne. Lærermangel må derfor forstås som resultatet af en de-professionalisering, hvor de professionelle idealer afmonteres i uddannelsens og skolens virkelighed.
AbstractTeacher shortages are a growing problem in Denmark and globally. The article examines some of the enduring myths regarding teacher shortages, often portrayed as ‘inadequate teacher education’ (myth 1), ‘lack of transfer between theory and practice during teacher training’ (myth 2) and ‘professionalization of work at schools’ (myth 3). These myths are often explained in terms of ‘shortcomings’ of knowledge, pedagogy and practical teacher training (myths 1 and 2), which are sought addressed through an ongoing professionalization of working life at schools (myth 3). Rooted in the situated learning theory, literature about the professions and Pierre Bourdieu, and drawing on interviews with teachers and student teachers, the article argues that teacher shortages instead reflect a crisis of professional identity. Governance and accountability measures within teacher education and in the workplace gradually reduce teachers and student teachers’ motivation and sense of professional affiliation. As such, teacher shortages are the result of de-professionalization, whereby professional ideals are dismantled by the realities of training and working as a teacher.
A CONCEPTUAL AND CASE STUDY REVIEW OF THE QUADRUPLE HELIX MODEL OF INNOVATION
Authors: van Schalkwyk Riaan Dirkse , Steenkamp Rigard
Published: August 2024

Despite its many pitfalls, the process of innovation should be made as attractive and practical as possible. Innovation model formation is an important yet complex process. This paper reviews the hypothetically improved quadruple helix (QH) model of innovation with respect to model concepts, innovation concepts, and current practical case studies. The updated model constitutes four innovation forces (constructs), namely (1) upscaling agility, (2) triple helix ecosystems, (3) triple management theory (TMT) and triple technology theory (TTT), and (4) epochal society. The model also shows a comprehensive interplay between these constructs within the modern digital, biological, legal and physical worlds. The authors reviewed the model through a conceptual explorative research design with narrative data. The evaluation implied the consideration of combining, adding, or omitting model constructs. Besides learner management and the need to provide a guide for how to use the model, the findings ultimately confirmed its value and usefulness.
A BI-OBJECTIVE OPTIMISATION HARVEST AND PACK PLANNING DECISION-SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR TABLE GRAPE PRODUCER-EXPORTERS
Authors: Wium Jolene , Bekker James , Van Eeden Joubert
Published: August 2024

This paper presents a decision-support system developed to plan the harvest and packing of table grapes. Variability in harvest readiness and volume can significantly impact producer-exporters’ ability to meet market demands. The decision-support system incorporates planning aspects specific to table grape production, such as limiting transportation of unpacked stock, pack-to-order, and distinguishing between specific product requirements (i.e., packaging type and cultivar). This decision-support system uses several operational data sources. It assists decision-makers in minimising deviation from the demand plan and the distances harvest is transported between the orchards and processing sites. The conceptual architecture and software implementation tools to realise the decision-support system and a real-world case study are presented. The decision-support system accounts for multiple dynamic supply and processing network restrictions.
Huellas de Celestina en la Tragedia Policiana de Sebastián Fernández
Authors: Esteban Martín Luis Mariano
Published: August 2024

No disponible.
Celestina: Dama Filosofia
Authors: Gascón Vera Elena
Published: August 2024

No disponible.
Autoridad epistémica y atenuación en Tena Kichwa: Análisis de enclítico =cha basado en el corpus
Authors: Grzech Karolina
Published: August 2024

Este artículo se enfoca en la relación entre atenuación y falta de autoridad epistémica. Los datos analizados en el artículo provienen de tena kichwa, una lengua quechua en peligro de extinción, hablada en la Amazonia Ecuatoriana. La lengua posee un paradigma de marcadores que son cognados de los marcadores evidenciales en otras lenguas quechuas, pero que en tena kichwa se relacionan con la autoridad epistémica:  ‘el derecho del hablante a saber o sostener algo’ (Stivers et al. 2011).El artículo describe la semántica de los dos marcadores de autoridad epistémica en tena kichwa: =mi y =cha. Se concentra sobre todo en los efectos de atenuación que se pueden lograr a través del uso de =cha. Propone que el marcador, que codifica ‘la falta de autoridad epistémica del hablante’, puede tener un sutil efecto atenuativo, ya que ‘distancia al hablante de la elocución’ y ‘reduce la fuerza comunicativa de la oración (Briz y Albelda 2013). Destaca que este efecto atenuador no consiste en reducir el compromiso del hablante con la veracidad de la aseveración. Por lo mismo, el análisis atenuativo de =cha en tena kichwa abre preguntas teóricas interesantes en cuanto a lo que se puede considerar una estrategia de atenuación en el discurso.
The Exodus of Filipino Teachers to Uzbekistan: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study
Authors:   Qarshi Presidential School, Pacala Frank Angelo
Published: August 2024

The Filipino teachers drawn to Uzbekistan were enticed by the prestige and mission of the government schools of Uzbekistan, bringing world-class teaching experience from various countries. This exodus of Filipino teachers to Uzbekistan is given a hermeneutic phenomenological study that reveals a rich tapestry of themes that encapsulate the multifaceted nature of the educators' journey. The Filipino teachers who participated in this study were employed for at least two years. Conducted through semi-structured interviews, the data underwent structural and thematic analysis, revealing a narrative around various distinct theme. Firstly, the educators' resilience, adaptability, and empowerment of local teachers within the unique educational landscape were unveiled. The second theme delved into personal dimensions, encompassing gratitude for their roles, elevated regard for Filipinos, and living in a peaceful community while embracing simplicity and local culture. The third theme highlighted strategic motivations, emphasizing compensation packages, student attitudes, and alignment with the institution's prestige. This study enriches our understanding of international educators' experiences, emphasizing the complexities of cross-cultural teaching. The educators' commitment to efficient teaching programs and an active learning environment, as revealed in their strategies for maintaining connections and comfort, adds valuable insights to the broader discourse on global education.
Pashto poetry generation: deep learning with pre-trained transformers for low-resource languages
Authors: Ullah Imran , Ullah Khalil , Khan Hamad , Aurangzeb Khursheed , Anwar Muhammad Shahid , Syed Ikram
Published: August 2024

Generating poetry using machine and deep learning techniques has been a challenging and exciting topic of research in recent years. It has significance in natural language processing and computational linguistics. This study introduces an innovative approach to generate high-quality Pashto poetry by leveraging two pre-trained transformer models, LaMini-Cerebras-590M and bloomz-560m. The models were trained on an extensive new and quality Pashto poetry dataset to learn the underlying complex patterns and structures. The trained models are then used to generate new Pashto poetry by providing them with a seed text or prompt. To evaluate the quality of the generated poetry, we conducted both subjective and objective evaluations, including human evaluation. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach can generate Pashto poetry that is comparable in quality to human-generated poetry. The study provides a valuable contribution to the field of Pashto language and poetry generation and has potential applications in natural language processing and computational linguistics.
Multi-stage hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with lag, unloading, and transportation times
Authors: Hidri Lotfi , Tlija Mehdi
Published: August 2024

This study aims to address a variant of the hybrid flow shop problem by simultaneously integrating lag times, unloading times, and transportation times, with the goal of minimizing the maximum completion time, or makespan. With applications in image processing, manufacturing, and industrial environments, this problem presents significant theoretical challenges, being classified as NP-hard. Notably, the problem demonstrates a notable symmetry property, resulting in a symmetric problem formulation where both the scheduling problem and its symmetric counterpart share the same optimal solution. To improve solution quality, all proposed procedures are extended to the symmetric problem. This research pioneers the consideration of the hybrid flow shop scheduling problem with simultaneous attention to lag, unloading, and transportation times, building upon a comprehensive review of existing literature. A two-phase heuristic is introduced as a solution to this complex problem, involving iterative solving of parallel machine scheduling problems. This approach decomposes the problem into manageable sub-problems, facilitating focused and efficient resolution. The efficient solving of sub-problems using the developed heuristic yields satisfactory near-optimal solutions. Additionally, two new lower bounds are proposed, derived from estimating minimum idle time within each stage via solving a polynomial parallel machine problem aimed at minimizing total flow time. These lower bounds serve to evaluate the performance of the developed two-phase heuristic, over measuring the relative gap. Extensive experimental studies on benchmark test problems of varying sizes demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approaches. All test problems are efficiently solved within reasonable timeframes, indicating practicality and efficiency. The proposed methods exhibit an average computational time of 8.93 seconds and an average gap of 2.75%. These computational results underscore the efficacy and potential applicability of the proposed approaches in real-world scenarios, providing valuable insights and paving the way for further research and practical implementations in hybrid flow shop scheduling.
Towards an automated classification phase in the software maintenance process using decision tree
Authors: Alturki Sahar , Almoaiqel Sarah
Published: August 2024

The software maintenance process is costly, accounting for up to 70% of the total cost in the software development life cycle (SDLC). The difficulty of maintaining software increases with its size and complexity, requiring significant time and effort. One way to alleviate these costs is to automate parts of the maintenance process. This research focuses on the automation of the classification phase using decision trees (DT) to sort, rank, and accept/reject maintenance requests (MRs) for mobile applications. Our dataset consisted of 1,656 MRs. We found that DTs could automate sorting and accepting/rejecting MRs with accuracies of 71.08% and 64.15%, respectively, though ranking accuracy was lower at 50%. While DTs can reduce costs, effort, and time, human verification is still necessary.
Research on remote sensing ecological livability index based on Google Earth Engine: a case study from Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi urban cluster
Authors: Chen Mianwei , Wang Tianxing , Liu Yunqing , Zhang Shikai , Zhang Yue
Published: August 2024

The U-Chang-Shi (Urumqi-Changji-Shihezi) urban cluster, located at the heart of Xinjiang, boasts abundant natural resources. Over the past two decades, rapid urbanization, industrialization, and climate change have significantly threatened the region’s ecological livability. To comprehensively, scientifically, and objectively assess the ecological livability of this area, this study leverages the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and multi-source remote sensing data to develop a comprehensive evaluation metric: the Remote Sensing Ecological Livability Index (RSELI). This aims to examine the changes in the ecological livability of the U-Chang-Shi urban cluster from 2000 to 2020. The findings show that despite some annual improvements, the overall trend in ecological livability is declining, indicating that the swift pace of urbanization and industrialization has placed considerable pressure on the region’s ecological environment. Land use changes, driven by urban expansion and the growth in agricultural and industrial lands, have progressively encroached upon existing green spaces and water bodies, further deteriorating the ecological environment. Additionally, the region’s topographical features have influenced its ecological livability; large terrain fluctuations have made soil erosion and geological disasters common. Despite the central plains’ vast rivers providing ample water resources, over exploitation and ill-conceived hydrological constructions have led to escalating water scarcity. The area near the Gurbantunggut Desert in the north, with its extremely fragile ecological environment, has long been unsuitable for habitation. This study provides a crucial scientific basis for the future development of the U-Chang-Shi urban cluster and hopes to offer theoretical support and practical guidance for the sustainable development and ecological improvement of the region.
Stochastic process drives the dissimilarity in biodiversity patterns between Pinus kwangtungensis coniferous forest and evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest in karst area
Authors: Fan Xingying , Meng Longchenxi , Wang Yeheng , Zang Lipeng
Published: August 2024

Pinus kwangtungensis is an endangered evergreen conifer tree species, and its in situ conservation has been considered one of the most critical issues. However, relative protection is limited by the lack of understanding of its community structure and underlying assembly processes. To study how the species diversity and assembly processes of Pinus kwangtungensis coniferous forest (CF) differed with regional climax community, this study established a series forest dynamic plots both in CF and evergreen deciduous broadleaved mixed forest (EDBM). By performing comparison analysis and PER-SIMPER approaches, we quantified the differences in species diversity and community assembly rules. The results showed that the species α-diversity of CF differed greatly from the EDBM both in species richness and evenness. In addition, the stochastic process acted a more important role in determining species composition, indicating the uncertainty in presence of species. The soil phosphorus and changeable calcium content were the main factors driving the differences in biodiversity, which the importance of soil nutrient factors in driving species composition. Our study highlighted that we should consider the community structure and ecological process when conducting conservation of Pinus kwangtungensis.
Heat Wave Vulnerability in Korea: An Analysis Using D-P-S-I-R Techniques
Authors: Lee Hyeong Joo , Jang Hyeon Bin , Han Jae Hyeong , Chung Gunhui
Published: August 2024

The increasing frequency of summer heat waves due to global warming has led to a rise in the number of patients with heat-related illnesses. According to the annual report on heat patients by the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 21,000 cases were reported between 2011 and 2023. In 2018, the “Framework Act on Disaster and Safety Management” was revised to classify heat waves as natural disasters, highlighting the need for preventing measures. Therefore, this study employed the driver force–pressure–state–impact–response (D-P-S-I-R) technique to analyze heat wave vulnerability from 2011 to 2020. Using data on temperature, humidity, heat-related patients, and heat shelters, a national heat wave vulnerability index was developed. The results aim to facilitate preemptive preparation for vulnerable areas and establish an effective response system for managing heat waves.
An Estimation of Water Deficits considering the Hwanggang Dams on the Imjin River, North Korea
Authors: Kim Duckgil , Kwak Jaewon , Lee Taewoo , Hong Seungjin , Kim Soojun , Kim Hung Soo
Published: August 2024

Water resources are essential for sustaining economic activities; therefore, water conflicts between nations and regions are common. The Imjin and Bukhan rivers, which are shared by South and North Korea, have been the sources of several disputes related to water usage and management between both nations. This study is intended to investigate such water deficits and provide elementary data for future responses by quantifying the water deficit in the Imjin River according to current water usage criteria. The researchers collected records on river water usage and flow rates in the Imjin River Basin from 2001 to 2023 and estimated the river maintenance flow. They analyzed eight runoff stations to assess the river maintenance flow and hydrological phenomena to determine the presence of a water deficit. Through a comparative analysis of the flow rates of the Imjin and Hantan rivers, using 2008 as the reference year, they determined the cause of the water deficit to be a North Korean dam. At the ten-year return-period drought, the total water deficit in the Imjin River Basin amounted to 114.5 million cubic meters, with 92.8% of the deficit occurring in the middle reaches of the Imjin River and the remaining 7.2% in the Hantan River.
Natural Flow Simulation in a Baisin considering Artificial Water Cycle
Authors: Choi Sijung , Choi Yunseok
Published: August 2024

This study seeks to regionalize the parameters of the grid-based rainfall-runoff model (GRM) and simulate the natural flow considering an artificial water cycle. We established a water supply and demand network for the Han River basin, derived data related to the artificial water cycle through various organizations, and performed a water budget analysis by reflecting the simulated natural flow. When comparing the results of regionalization using only the Chungju Dam parameters and those using the Chungju Dam and Soyanggang Dam parameters, both results for the simulated flow showed good agreement with the observed flow, and the fitness evaluation results were also high (pentad: NSE 0.913–0.977, KGE 0.795–0.935, CC 0.974–0.995). The natural flow simulated by the GRM and TANK indicated that both models were able to reproduce the observed data well. Water budget analyses were performed for different time intervals, and daily analysis exhibited relatively lower fitness than pentad analysis (daily NSE 0.887-0.963, KGE 0.792-0.928, CC 0.960-0.990), but no significant difference was observed. The results indicated that the simulation of natural flow through the GRM was appropriate, and the model was sufficiently applicable to a disturbed watershed.
Estimating a Coastal Compound Flood Standard for the Taehwa River Basin
Authors: Kim Kyunghun , Lee Taewoo , Kim Hung Soo
Published: August 2024

The risk of coastal compound flood, caused by the interaction of rainfall and tides, has been increasing with sea level rise and changes in rainfall due to climate change. However, there is no costal compound flood study that considers the interaction of rainfall and tides in Korea. Therefore, this study applied the compound flood concept to the Taehwa river basin to estimate the compound flood standard for the Taehwa river basin. The result revealed that the coastal compound flood occurred when the rainfall intensity was greater than 22.42 mm/hr and the tide was greater than 0.71 m. In addition, the study found that typhoon plays a role in coastal compound flood by analyzing the distribution of meteorological and oceanographic factors during the compound flood events. Our results can be used to develop disaster management plans to prepare for the risk of compound flood.
Factors Influencing Citizen’s Safety Consciousness for Responding to Future Disasters
Authors: Son Wheejin , Kim Heejong , Ma Young-il , Bae Kyungwan , Yoon Yeongbae
Published: August 2024

In terms of future societies, the diversity and complexity of new disasters are increasing. Given physical measures cannot solely address large-scale complex disasters in the future, elevating public safety consciousness and establishing it as a core value becomes essential. This study empirically analyzed the influencing factors that contribute to the improvement of safety awareness regarding future disaster risks. Citizens' age, whether they were a disaster-vulnerable group, local safety awareness, risk awareness, whether response measures were discussed, and the level of satisfaction with disaster safety policies in the prevention and recovery stages were identified as sig nificant influencing factors. The expected results are anticipated to lay the foundation for policies and systems capable of promoting future safety consciousness.
Spatiotemporally resolved electrodynamic properties of a Sun‐aligned arc over Resolute Bay
Authors: Perry G. W. , Dahlgren H. , Nicolls M. J. , Zettergren M. , St.‐Maurice J.‐P. , Semeter J. L. , Sundberg T. , Hosokawa K. , Shiokawa K. , Chen S.
Published: October 2015

Common volume measurements by the Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar‐North (RISR‐N) and Optical Mesosphere and Thermosphere Imagers (OMTI) have been used to clarify the electrodynamic structure of a Sun‐aligned arc in the polar cap. The plasma parameters of the dusk‐to‐dawn drifting arc and surrounding ionosphere are extracted using the volumetric imaging capabilities of RISR‐N. Multipoint line‐of‐sight RISR‐N measurements of the plasma drift are inverted to construct a time sequence of the electric field and field‐aligned current system of the arc. Evidence of dramatic electrodynamic and plasma structuring of the polar cap ionosphere due to the arc is described. One notable feature of the arc is a meridionally extended plasma density depletion on its leading edge, located partially within a downward field‐aligned current region. The depletion is determined to be a by‐product of enhanced chemical recombination operating on a time scale of 15 min. A similarly shaped electric field structure of over 100 mV/m and line‐of‐sight ion temperatures nearing 3000 K were collocated with the depletion.
An evaluation of atmospheric rivers over the North Pacific in CMIP5 and their response to warming under RCP 8.5
Authors: Payne Ashley E. , Magnusdottir Gudrun
Published: October 2015

Landfalling atmospheric rivers over the North Pacific are evaluated in historical (1980–2005) simulations from 28 models participating in the fifth phase of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) and compared to the Modern‐Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications and ERA‐Interim reanalyses. Landfalling dates are identified as having spatially elongated high wind and moisture features in physical proximity to the coastline. Model performance relative to reanalysis is found to be quite variable. The majority can resolve the spatial structure of landfalling events, but few correctly resolve the frequency distribution, interannual variability in number and amplitude of moisture flux, and median landfalling latitude. The response of a subset of high‐performing models to projected warming at the end of the 21st century is investigated using Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 (2070–2100) projections. Selected models show a broadening of the frequency distribution, with the largest increase in frequency occurring equatorward of peak historical frequency. While there is a robust increase in AR‐related moisture transport compared to the historical period, this increase is not linked to more extreme AR events within the context of the projected future climate. The occurrence of years with many AR dates is greater at the end of the 21st century than during the historical period. The equatorward increase in peak historical frequency is colocated with increases in the 850 and 250 hPa zonal winds. The response in moisture flux to warming is mostly thermodynamic, but equatorward of its peak distribution, it is dominated by a dynamic response.
Super‐recognisers in Action: Evidence from Face‐matching and Face Memory Tasks
Authors: Bobak Anna K. , Hancock Peter J. B. , Bate Sarah
Published: October 2015

Individuals employed in forensic or security settings are often required to compare faces of ID holders to document photographs, or to recognise the faces of suspects in closed‐circuit television footage. It has long been established that both tasks produce a high error rate amongst typical perceivers. This study sought to determine the performance of individuals with exceptionally good face memory (‘super‐recognisers’) on applied facial identity matching and memory tasks. In experiment 1, super‐recognisers were significantly better than controls when matching target faces to simultaneously presented line‐ups. In experiment 2, super‐recognisers were also better at recognising faces from video footage. These findings suggest that super‐recognisers are more accurate at face matching and face memory tasks than typical perceivers, and they could be valuable expert employees in national security and forensic settings. © 2015 The Authors Applied Cognitive Psychology Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Transparent Hydrophobic Antimicrobial Coatings by In Situ Synthesis of Ag Nanoparticles in a Surface‐Grafted Amphiphilic Comb‐Copolymer
Authors: Liu Rongrong , Lee Yeong Yuh , Chong Karen Siew Ling , Tomczak Nikodem
Published: October 2015

Preparation of a transparent, ultrathin, and hydrophobic surface coating consisting of an amphiphilic comb‐copolymer monolayer incorporating in‐situ‐synthesized silver nanoparticles and exhibiting superior antibacterial properties is described. The presence of silver nanoparticles, their confinement to the polymer monolayer, and the morphology of the hybrid coating are evidenced by X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy, and cross‐sectional transmission electron microscopy. The coated glass substrates exhibit excellent antibacterial properties, effectively inhibiting the growth of both Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria of the strains Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, respectively.
Treatment effect heterogeneity for univariate subgroups in clinical trials: Shrinkage, standardization, or else
Authors: Varadhan Ravi , Wang Sue‐Jane
Published: October 2015

Treatment effect heterogeneity is a well‐recognized phenomenon in randomized controlled clinical trials. In this paper, we discuss subgroup analyses with prespecified subgroups of clinical or biological importance. We explore various alternatives to the naive (the traditional univariate) subgroup analyses to address the issues of multiplicity and confounding. Specifically, we consider a model‐based Bayesian shrinkage (Bayes‐DS) and a nonparametric, empirical Bayes shrinkage approach (Emp‐Bayes) to temper the optimism of traditional univariate subgroup analyses; a standardization approach (standardization) that accounts for correlation between baseline covariates; and a model‐based maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) approach. The Bayes‐DS and Emp‐Bayes methods model the variation in subgroup‐specific treatment effect rather than testing the null hypothesis of no difference between subgroups. The standardization approach addresses the issue of confounding in subgroup analyses. The MLE approach is considered only for comparison in simulation studies as the “truth” since the data were generated from the same model. Using the characteristics of a hypothetical large outcome trial, we perform simulation studies and articulate the utilities and potential limitations of these estimators. Simulation results indicate that Bayes‐DS and Emp‐Bayes can protect against optimism present in the naïve approach. Due to its simplicity, the naïve approach should be the reference for reporting univariate subgroup‐specific treatment effect estimates from exploratory subgroup analyses. Standardization, although it tends to have a larger variance, is suggested when it is important to address the confounding of univariate subgroup effects due to correlation between baseline covariates. The Bayes‐DS approach is available as an R package (DSBayes).
Hydrothermal Formation of Calcium Copper Tetrasilicate
Authors: Johnson‐McDaniel Darrah , Comer Sara , Kolis Joseph W. , Salguero Tina T.
Published: October 2015

We describe the first hydrothermal synthesis of CaCuSi4O10 as micron‐scale clusters of thin platelets, distinct from morphologies generated under salt‐flux or solid‐state conditions. The hydrothermal reaction conditions are surprisingly specific: too cold, and instead of CaCuSi4O10, a porous calcium copper silicate forms; too hot, and calcium silicate (CaSiO3) forms. The precursors also strongly impact the course of the reaction, with the most common side product being sodium copper silicate (Na2CuSi4O10). Optimized conditions for hydrothermal CaCuSi4O10 formation from calcium chloride, copper(II) nitrate, sodium silicate, and ammonium hydroxide are 350 °C at 3000 psi for 72 h; at longer reaction times, competitive delamination and exfoliation causes crystal fragmentation. These results illustrate that CaCuSi4O10 is an even more unique material than previously appreciated.
Achiral Dye/Surfactant Heteroaggregates for Chiral Sensing of Phosphocholines
Authors: Ceccacci Francesca , Scipioni Anita , Altieri Barbara , Giansanti Luisa , Mancini Giovanna
Published: October 2015

An investigation, based on absorption and circular dichroism spectroscopy, was carried out on assemblies formed in water upon the interaction of heteroaggregates, composed of dyes (Congo Red or Evans Blue) and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB), with four enantiopure phopshocholines (DMPC, DPPC, DOPC, and POPC) characterized by the same polar head and different hydrophobic tails. The results show that the nature of the lipid as well as the concentration ratios influence sensitively the absorption and chiroptical properties of the supramolecular structure. Intriguingly, the transfer of chirality from the lipid to the assembly may be triggered or not, depending on the nature of the lipid hydrophobic chain. These findings confirm the fundamental role of hydrophobic interactions in the transcription of chirality from molecules to complex architectures. Chirality 28:22–28, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
CD180 overexpression in follicular lymphoma is restricted to the lymph node compartment
Authors: Mestrallet Fanélie , Sujobert Pierre , Sarkozy Clémentine , Traverse‐Glehen Alexandra , Callet‐Bauchu Evelyne , Magaud Jean‐Pierre , Salles Gilles , Baseggio Lucile
Published: October 2015

Background

Altered Toll‐like receptor (TLR) expression levels and/or mutations in its signaling pathway (such as MyD88 mutation) contribute to the pathogenesis of lymphoproliferative disorders (LPD). CD180 is an orphan member of the TLR family that modulates the signaling of several TLRs, but only limited studies have evaluated its expression by flow cytometry (FCM) in LPD.

Methods

Using a multiparameter FCM approach, we have assessed CD180 mean fluorescence intensity (MFI) in lymph nodes (LNs) and peripheral blood (PB) samples obtained from patients with follicular lymphoma (FL; LN/PB, n = 44/n = 15), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL, n = 26/n = 21), mantle cell lymphoma (MCL, n = 13/n = 17), and marginal zone lymphoma (MZL, n = 16/n = 12). Specimens from non‐tumoral PB and LN (n = 8/n = 12) were used as controls.

Results

In the LN specimens, FL and control B‐cells showed similar CD180 expression (MFI = 1,049 vs. 1,381, P > 0.05; Mann–Whitney U‐test). This level was markedly lower in the other LPDs, MCL (MFI = 396, P < 0.05), or CLL (MFI = 502 P < 0.05), and similar to MZL (MFI = 858, P > 0.05). However, the CD180 expression of FL B‐cells assessed in PB was dim and/or negative, in the same range as MCL and CLL (FL MFI = 453, MCL MFI = 305, CLL MFI = 420, P > 0.05) but lower than in MZL (MFI = 895, P < 0.05). Therefore, these results suggest a modulation of CD180 expression by neoplastic FL B‐cells based on the anatomical compartment.

Conclusion

These FCM data confirm the usefulness of CD180 in the accurate diagnosis of LPDs and emphasize the need to interpret this marker according to the origin of the sample. © 2015 Clinical Cytometry Society
Affect and the weight of idealistic versus pragmatic concerns in decision situations
Authors: Burger Axel M. , Bless Herbert
Published: October 2015

Individuals consider abstract values and principles important aspects of their identities. Nonetheless, they often make judgments and decisions that contradict these values and principles for the sake of pragmatic benefits. Assuming that the process of weighting idealistic and pragmatic concerns is context sensitive, the present research argues that affect influences the relative weight of idealistic versus pragmatic concerns in decision situations owing to its influence on the level of abstraction at which individuals represent situations mentally. Studies 1 and 2 demonstrate that more positive affect increases the prominent weighting of idealistic over pragmatic concerns while less positive affect leads to less differentiation between the relevance of idealistic and pragmatic concerns. Studies 3 and 4 test the assumption that affective influences on mental abstraction are crucial for affect‐dependent shifts in the weighting of idealistic and pragmatic concerns. By bringing together theorizing on affect and cognition with recent theorizing on the role of mental abstraction for decision processes, this article highlights a mechanism through which decisions can be influenced by feelings that goes beyond the mechanisms that have typically been discussed in the affect and cognition literature so far.
Ag3PO4/TiO2‐assisted degradation of malachite green in aqueous solution treated by dielectric barrier discharge plasma
Authors: Xin Lu , Sun Yabing , Feng Jingwei
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

A new method of malachite green (MG) degradation by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma with an Ag3PO4/TiO2 composite photocatalyst was investigated. Ag3PO4/TiO2 was synthetized by an in situ precipitation method under room conditions, and analyzed by XRD, SEM, TEM, XRF and BET. The catalytic activity, the reaction mechanisms, the intermediates of MG degradation and the proposed degradation pathways were also evaluated.

RESULT

The efficiency of degradation of 150 mL of MG with initial concentration 150 mg L−1 was improved from 80.9% to 94.2% in 14 min at input power of 80 W relative to the Ag3PO4/TiO2 cooperated as 0.05 g. Meanwhile, the TOC removal rate increased from 13.9% to 20.6%.

CONCLUSIONS

It was shown that a synergistic effect existed between DBD plasma and Ag3PO4/TiO2 in the process of MG degradation. Higher input power, larger initial concentration and narrower air‐gap distance caused Ag3PO4/TiO2 to show even better effects in the DBD system, improving degradation efficiency and energy yield. Possible MG degradation pathways involved a series of deamination, denitrosation, demethylation, hydroxylation and oxidative openings of the aromatic ring processes. The study proposed an efficient technology and degradation mechanisms for MG wastewater treatment. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry
An introduction to the partial least squares approach to structural equation modelling: a method for exploratory psychiatric research
Authors: Riou Julien , Guyon Hervé , Falissard Bruno
Published: October 2015

In psychiatry and psychology, relationship patterns connecting disorders and risk factors are always complex and intricate. Advanced statistical methods have been developed to overcome this issue, the most common being structural equation modelling (SEM). The main approach to SEM (CB‐SEM for covariance‐based SEM) has been widely used by psychiatry and psychology researchers to test whether a comprehensive theoretical model is compatible with observed data. While the validity of this approach method has been demonstrated, its application is limited in some situations, such as early‐stage exploratory studies using small sample sizes. The partial least squares approach to SEM (PLS‐SEM) has risen in many scientific fields as an alternative method that is especially useful when sample size restricts the use of CB‐SEM. In this article, we aim to provide a comprehensive introduction to PLS‐SEM intended to CB‐SEM users in psychiatric and psychological fields, with an illustration using data on suicidality among prisoners. Researchers in these fields could benefit from PLS‐SEM, a promising exploratory technique well adapted to studies on infrequent diseases or specific population subsets. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Stafne's Defects in a Sample of Adult Thai Mandibles in the Khon Kaen University Osteology Collection, Thailand
Authors: Mann R. W. , Tuamsuk P.
Published: October 2015

Examination of 311 adult dry‐bone mandibles from Thailand revealed 8 examples of Stafne's defects in the region of the submandibular salivary gland. This study revealed that some radiographic studies may under report the actual frequency of shallow or early‐stage Stafne's defects that lack sclerotic rims.
Synthesis and self‐assembly of thermoresponsive block‐graft fluoropolymer as well as its tunable wettability surface
Authors: Jiang Bingyan , Pang Hao
Published: October 2015

Thermo‐responsive block‐graft fluoropolymer is synthesized and investigated the self‐assembly morphology and the tunable wettability surface on cotton fabric by dip‐coating into the micelles with different temperatures. Well‐defined block‐graft copolymer is prepared by click chemistry with poly(hexafluorobutyl methacrylate)‐block‐poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PHFBMA‐b‐PGMA) and homopolymer poly(N‐isopropylacrylate) with alkyne on main chain (Alkynyl‐PNIPAM) to synthesize final block‐graft polymer PHFBMA‐b‐(PGMA‐g‐PNIPAM). The thermo‐responsive behaviors of block‐graft polymer prove that the diameter for fluoropolymer micelle is about 50–70 nm with uniform sphere shape at room temperature and bigger and broader at 40 °C. The surface of cotton fabric processed in micelle solution at room temperature is smooth and has good hydrophobic property, while it has the hydrophilic property dipped in high temperature micelle solution. This work may give valuable guidance for fabricating a facile strategy to establish controllable wettability surfaces on different substrates, which is a promising candidate for the coating materials and industrial fields. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2016, 54, 992–1002
Impact of Spodoptera frugiperda neonate pretreatment conditions on Vip3Aa19 insecticidal protein activity and laboratory bioassay variation
Authors: Da Silva Karen F , Spencer Terence A , Camargo Gil Carolina , Siegfried Blair D , Walters Frederick S
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND

Variation in response to insecticidal proteins is common upon repetition of insect bioassays. Understanding this variation is a prerequisite to detecting biologically important differences. We tracked neonate Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) susceptibility to Vip3Aa19 over 17 generations using standardized bioassay methods. Five larval pretreatment conditions and one bioassay condition were tested to determine whether susceptibility was affected. These included: storage time; prefeeding; storage at reduced temperature; storage at reduced humidity; colony introgression of field‐collected individuals. Extremes of photoperiod during the bioassay itself were also examined.

RESULTS

LC50 values for two strains of S. frugiperda varied 6.6‐fold or 8.8‐fold over 17 generations. Storage time and humidity had no impact on Vip3Aa19 susceptibility, whereas prefeeding significantly reduced subsequent mortality (by 27%). Storage at reduced temperature increased mortality for one colony (from 45.6 to 73.0%) but not for the other. Introgression of field‐collected individuals affected susceptibility at the first generation but not for subsequent generations. A 24 h bioassay photophase significantly reduced susceptibility (by 26%) for both colonies.

CONCLUSION

Certain pretreatment and bioassay conditions were identified that can affect S. frugiperda Vip3Aa19 susceptibility, but innate larval heterogeneity was also present. Our observations should help to increase the consistency of insecticidal protein bioassay results. © 2015 Syngenta Crop Protection, LLC. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
Risk of extrapyramidal reactions with serotonergic antidepressants
Authors: Lam Y. W. Francis
Published: October 2015

Although antidepressants do not possess direct postsynaptic D2 receptor antagonistic activity, case reports in the literature have provided evidence that antidepressant use, including tricyclic antidepressants, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), and serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), could be associated with an increased risk of extrapyramidal reactions.1, 2, 3 Recognizing the apparent lack of a clear pharmacological basis of an association between antidepressant use and extrapyramidal reactions such as akathisia, dyskinesia, dystonia, and parkinsonism, a recent review focused on documenting evidence of the association for the serotonergic antidepressants.4
Functional joint regeneration is achieved using reintegration mechanism in Xenopus laevis
Authors: Tsutsumi Rio , Yamada Shigehito , Agata Kiyokazu
Published: October 2015

A functional joint requires integration of multiple tissues: the apposing skeletal elements should form an interlocking structure, and muscles should insert into skeletal tissues via tendons across the joint. Whereas newts can regenerate functional joints after amputation, Xenopus laevis regenerates a cartilaginous rod without joints, a “spike.” Previously we reported that the reintegration mechanism between the remaining and regenerated tissues has a significant effect on regenerating joint morphogenesis during elbow joint regeneration in newt. Based on this insight into the importance of reintegration, we amputated frogs’ limbs at the elbow joint and found that frogs could regenerate a functional elbow joint between the remaining tissues and regenerated spike. During regeneration, the regenerating cartilage was partially connected to the remaining articular cartilage to reform the interlocking structure of the elbow joint at the proximal end of the spike. Furthermore, the muscles of the remaining part inserted into the regenerated spike cartilage via tendons. This study might open up an avenue for analyzing molecular and cellular mechanisms of joint regeneration using Xenopus.