bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Text Removal for Trademark Images Based on Self-Prompting Mechanisms and Multi-Scale Texture Aggregation
Authors: Zhou Wenchao , Wang Xiuhui , Zhou Boxiu , Li Longwen
Published: February 2025

With the rapid development of electronic business, there has been a surge in incidents of trademark infringement, making it imperative to improve the accuracy of trademark retrieval systems as a key measure to combat such illegal behaviors. Evidently, the textual information encompassed within trademarks substantially influences the precision of search results. Considering the diversity of trademark text and the complexity of its design elements, accurately locating and analyzing this text poses a considerable challenge. Against this background, this research has developed an original self-prompting text removal model, denoted as “Self-prompting Trademark Text Removal Based on Multi-scale Texture Aggregation” (abbreviated as MTF-STTR). This model astutely applies a text detection network to automatically generate the required input cues for the Segment Anything Model (SAM) while incorporating the technological benefits of diffusion models to attain a finer level of trademark text removal. To further elevate the performance of the model, we introduce two innovative architectures to the text detection network: the Integrated Differentiating Feature Pyramid (IDFP) and the Texture Fusion Module (TFM). These mechanisms are capable of efficiently extracting multilevel features and multiscale textual information, which enhances the model’s stability and adaptability in complex scenarios. The experimental validation has demonstrated that the trademark text erasure model designed in this paper achieves a peak signal-to-noise ratio as high as 40.1 dB on the SCUT-Syn dataset, which is an average improvement of 11.3 dB compared with other text erasure models. Furthermore, the text detection network component of the designed model attains an accuracy of up to 89.9% on the CTW1500 dataset, representing an average enhancement of 10 percentage points over other text detection networks.
Thermoenergetic Performance of Phase Change Materials in Building Envelopes Under Future Climate Scenario
Authors: Bodarya Kishan , Kaushal Vinayak
Published: February 2025

This study evaluates the thermal and energy performance of building envelopes incorporating phase change materials (PCM) compared with traditional resistive thermal insulation, considering future climate scenarios. Using EnergyPlus simulations, the study analyzes a medium office building with varying envelope compositions in two distinct Brazilian climates—Curitiba and Rio de Janeiro—representing bioclimatic zones 1 and 8, respectively. The PCM used, SP24E, aligns with the HVAC system setpoints, and climate projections for 2050 and 2080 are integrated using the Climate Change World Weather File Generator (CCWorldWeatherGen) based on the A2 emissions scenario. Results indicate that in mild climates like Curitiba, PCM significantly improves energy efficiency, reducing annual Energy Use Intensity (EUI) by 8.2% in 2050 and 10% in 2080 compared with resistive insulation. Conversely, in hotter climates like Rio de Janeiro, PCM increases EUI by 12.1% in 2050 and 20.7% in 2080 compared with resistive insulation. This study highlights the varying effectiveness of PCM in different climatic conditions and its implications for future building energy performance.
Defect Tailoring in HfO2/Si Films upon Post-Deposition Annealing and Ultraviolet Irradiation
Authors: Salas-Rodríguez Silvestre , González-Moreno Fernanda I. , Woo-García Rosa M. , Herrera-May Agustín L. , López-Huerta Francisco , Caballero-Briones Felipe
Published: February 2025

In the present work, a study of the structural defects in HfO2 thin films deposited by dip-coating on p-type silicon substrates treated under different conditions, such as air-annealing, ultraviolet irradiation, and simultaneous annealing–UV irradiation, is presented. HfO2 thin films were analyzed by grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, optical fluorescence, atomic force microscopy, and UV-Vis diffuse reflectance. Films treated at 200 °C and 350 °C present peaks corresponding to monoclinic HfO2. After UV treatment, the films became amorphous. The combination of annealing at 350 °C with UV treatment does not lead to crystalline peaks, suggesting that UV treatment causes extensive structural damage. Fluorescence spectroscopy and UV-Vis spectroscopy suggest that films present oxygen vacancies as their main structural defects. A reduction in oxygen vacancies after the second thermal treatment was observed, but in contrast, after UV irradiation, fluorescence spectroscopy indicated that more defects are created within the mobility gap, irrespective of the simultaneous annealing at 350 °C. An electronic band diagram was proposed assigning the observed fluorescence bands and optical transitions, which, in turn, explain the electrical properties of the films. The results suggest that the electronic structure of HfO2 films can be tailored with a careful choice of thermal annealing conditions along with the controlled creation of defects using UV irradiation, which could open the way to multiple applications of the materials either in microelectronics, optoelectronics, as well as in photocatalytic/electrocatalytic applications such as photodegradation and hydrogen generation.
NFTs, Blockchain, Cryptocurrency, Metaverse: The Web3 Revolution That Has Transformed the Art Market
Authors: Sidorova Elena
Published: February 2025

Kevin McCoy’s “Quantum” (2014) sold at Sotheby’s in 2021 for USD 1 [...]
Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN) Ameliorates the Effects of Indomethacin (IMC)-Induced Embryo Implantation Dysfunction in Rats
Authors: Amir Maria , Yimer Nurhusien , Hiew Mark , Yusoff Md Sabri Mohd , Babatunde Sadiq Mohammed , Quddus Abdul
Published: February 2025

IMC has been reported to influence embryo implantation negatively in animals including rats. While EBN has been known to have a potential protective effect against reproductive toxicity, there is limited study on the effect of EBN on IMC toxicity in reproduction. This study aimed to ascertain whether pretreatment with a natural substance, Edible Bird’s Nest (EBN), will reduce IMC-induced toxicity in pregnant rats. Thirty Sprague-Dawley rats divided into five equal groups were treated with EBN and IMC as follows: G1 = Control, G2 = IMC (4.33 mg/kg), G3 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg + 60 mg/kg), G4 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg + 90 mg/kg), and G5 = IMC + EBN (4.33 mg/kg +120 mg/kg). EBN was administered once daily for 8 weeks while IMC was injected subcutaneously. On day 8 after mating, all rats were sacrificed for blood sampling and embryo implantation rate (EIR) assessment; the uterine tissues were also subjected to immunohistochemical and histological analyses. G5 recorded significantly higher EIR, fertility index, and expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in the uterine section, across stroma cells, the glandular epithelium, and the luminal epithelium compared to control and other groups. IMC-induced inflammatory alterations, endometrial atrophy, vacuolar degeneration, and atrophy were not detected in uterine tissue sections in G4 and G5, with the latter group demonstrating the highest EIR with protective effects on uterine tissues. Thus, EBN supplementation might be of great benefit in guarding the fertility of individuals who depend on IMC for the treatment of chronic inflammatory illness.
Enhancing Stability and Bioavailability of Peptidylglycine Alpha-Amidating Monooxygenase in Circulation for Clinical Use
Authors: Ilina Yulia , Kaufmann Paul , Press Michaela , Uba Theo Ikenna , Bergmann Andreas
Published: February 2025

Peptidylglycine alpha-amidating monooxygenase (PAM) is the only enzyme known to catalyze C-terminal amidation, a final post-translational modification step essential for the biological activity of over 70 bioactive peptides, including adrenomedullin (ADM), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), amylin, neuropeptide Y (NPY), and others. Bioactive (amidated) peptide hormones play crucial roles in various physiological processes and have been extensively explored as therapeutic compounds in clinical and preclinical research. However, their therapeutic viability is limited due to their short half-life and, in most cases, the need for prolonged infusion to maintain effective concentrations. PAM itself has also been considered as a therapeutic compound aiming to increase the level of amidated peptide hormones; however, similarly to peptide hormones, PAM’s rapid degradation limits its utility. Here, we present a strategy to enhance PAM stability and bioavailability through PEGylation, significantly extending the enzyme’s half-life in circulation assessed in healthy rats. Furthermore, single subcutaneous (s.c.), intramuscular (i.m.), or intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of PEGylated PAM resulted in a sustained increase in circulating amidating activity, with peak activity observed at 12–24 h post-bolus administration. Notably, amidating activity remained significantly elevated above baseline levels for up to seven days post-administration, with no observable adverse effects. These findings highlight PEGylated PAM’s potential as a viable therapeutic compound.
Universal First-Trimester Screening Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Preeclampsia and Placenta Accreta Spectrum
Authors: Timofeeva Angelika V. , Fedorov Ivan S. , Tarasova Alla M. , Sukhova Yuliya V. , Kolod’ko Vyacheslav G. , Ivanets Tatiana Yu. , Sukhikh Gennady T.
Published: February 2025

Background: Disruptions in epigenetic mechanisms regulating placentation, particularly imbalances in the levels of small non-coding RNAs, contribute to various pregnancy complications, including preeclampsia (PE) and placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). Given that abnormal trophoblast differentiation, invasiveness, and angiogenesis—reduced in PE and excessive in PAS—are central to the pathogenesis of these conditions, this study aimed to identify universal circulating piRNAs and their targets. Methods: Small RNA deep sequencing, quantitative reverse transcription combined with real-time polymerase chain reaction, magnetic bead-based multiplex immunoassay, ELISA, and Western blotting were employed to quantify circulating piRNAs and proteins in the blood serum of pregnant women during the 11th–14th weeks of gestation. Results: Statistically significant negative correlations were identified between PE- and PAS-associated piRNAs (hsa_piR_019122, hsa_piR_020497, hsa_piR_019949, and piR_019675) and several molecules, including Endoglin, IL-18, VEGF-A, VEGF-C, Angiopoietin-2, sFASL, HB-EGF, TGFα, and Clusterin. These molecules are involved in processes such as angiogenesis, inflammation, the epithelial–mesenchymal transition, cell proliferation, adhesion, and apoptosis. A first-trimester pregnancy screening algorithm was developed using logistic regression models based on Clusterin concentration and the levels of hsa_piR_020497, hsa_piR_019949, piR_019675, and hsa_piR_019122. Conclusions: The proposed screening tool for early pregnancy monitoring may enable the prediction of PE or PAS in the first trimester, allowing timely interventions to reduce maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality.
Rapid Decrease in Dextrose Concentration After Intra-Articular Knee Injection: Implications for Mechanism of Action of Dextrose Prolotherapy
Authors: Reeves Kenneth Dean , Atkins Jordan R. , Solso Clare R. , Cheng Chin-I , Thornell Ian M. , Lam King Hei Stanley , Wu Yung-Tsan , Motyka Thomas , Rabago David
Published: February 2025

Background: D-glucose (dextrose) is used as a 5000–25,000 mg% solution in the injection-based pain therapy known as dextrose prolotherapy (DPT). The number of peer-reviewed clinical trials supporting its use is growing. However, the mechanism of action is unknown, limiting further research. A commonly expressed theory is that hyperosmotic dextrose injection induces inflammation, initiating a healing-specific inflammatory cascade. In vitro study models have used continuous exposure to high concentration dextrose. But the rate of dextrose clearance after intra-articular injection, and, therefore, the duration of exposure of tissues to any particular dextrose concentration, remains unknown. We therefore determined the rate of dextrose concentration diminution in one human participant’s knees after intra-articular dextrose knee injection. Method: In this pre–post N-of-1 study, the first author (KDR), a well 70-year-old male without knee-related pathology, injected his own knees with 30 mL of 12,500 mg% dextrose on three occasions; performed serial aspirations of 1.2 mL of intra-articular fluid from 7 to 360 min post-injection; and assessed synovial dextrose concentration. Dextrose clearance kinetics were determined using Minitab and GraphPad Prism software. Results: Dextrose concentration dropped rapidly in all three trials, approximating an exponential or steep S curve. A third order chemical reaction pattern was found, suggesting factors other than dilution or glucose transporter activity, such as rapid diffusion of dextrose across the synovial membrane, may have contributed to the rapid drop in dextrose concentration. Conclusion: This pre-post N-of-1 study shows that, after intraarticular injection of 30 mL of 12,500 mg% dextrose injection into a well knee, the concentration of dextrose diminished rapidly, suggesting that intra-articular cells, tissue, and anatomic structures are exposed to an initially high dextrose concentration for a very short time. This likely affects the mechanism of action of DPT and should inform in vitro study methods.
An Innovative Enzymatic Surface Plasmon Resonance-Based Biosensor Designed for Precise Detection of Glycine Amino Acid
Authors: Quintanilla-Villanueva Gabriela Elizabeth , Rodríguez-Quiroz Osvaldo , Sánchez-Álvarez Araceli , Rodríguez-Delgado José Manuel , Villarreal-Chiu Juan Francisco , Luna-Moreno Donato , Rodríguez-Delgado Melissa Marlene
Published: February 2025

Glycine is an essential amino acid involved in synthesizing a variety of important biomolecules, and its concentration can influence numerous biochemical processes, including the severity of symptoms in a wide range of conditions in humans, such as cancer, schizophrenia, major depression, and diabetes. While a few costly or labour-intensive methods are currently available, we have developed a new enzymatic biosensor that can accurately measure glycine levels with remarkable simplicity. By employing immobilized laccase enzymes in combination with a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) device, our system achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 9.95 mM and a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 33.19 mM. In addition, it demonstrated a recovery rate of 97.64 ± 7.71%. Moreover, the biosensor maintained consistent signal intensity over 21 days and supported a total of 60 analyses using the same immobilized enzyme setup, demonstrating excellent reusability. Notably, this study marks the first time glycine has been determined using an enzymatic SPR-based platform.
Biomechanical Risk Classification in Repetitive Lifting Using Multi-Sensor Electromyography Data, Revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Lifting Equation, and Deep Learning
Authors: Davoudi Kakhki Fatemeh , Vora Hardik , Moghadam Armin
Published: February 2025

Repetitive lifting tasks in occupational settings often result in shoulder injuries, impacting both health and productivity. Accurately assessing the biomechanical risk of these tasks remains a significant challenge in occupational ergonomics, particularly within manufacturing environments. Traditional assessment methods frequently rely on subjective reports and limited observations, which can introduce bias and yield incomplete evaluations. This study addresses these limitations by generating and utilizing a comprehensive dataset containing detailed time-series electromyography (EMG) data from 25 participants. Using high-precision wearable sensors, EMG data were collected from eight muscles as participants performed repetitive lifting tasks. For each task, the lifting index was calculated using the revised National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) lifting equation (RNLE). Participants completed cycles of both low-risk and high-risk repetitive lifting tasks within a four-minute period, allowing for the assessment of muscle performance under realistic working conditions. This extensive dataset, comprising over 7 million data points sampled at approximately 1259 Hz, was leveraged to develop deep learning models to classify lifting risk. To provide actionable insights for practical occupational ergonomics and risk assessments, statistical features were extracted from the raw EMG data. Three deep learning models, Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs), Multilayer Perceptron (MLP), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), were employed to analyze the data and predict the occupational lifting risk level. The CNN model achieved the highest performance, with a precision of 98.92% and a recall of 98.57%, proving its effectiveness for real-time risk assessments. These findings underscore the importance of aligning model architectures with data characteristics to optimize risk management. By integrating wearable EMG sensors with deep learning models, this study enables precise, real-time, and dynamic risk assessments, significantly enhancing workplace safety protocols. This approach has the potential to improve safety planning and reduce the incidence and severity of work-related musculoskeletal disorders, ultimately promoting better health and safety outcomes across various occupational settings.
The Use of Magnetoencephalography in the Diagnosis and Monitoring of Mild Traumatic Brain Injuries and Post-Concussion Syndrome
Authors: Mavroudis Ioannis , Kazis Dimitrios , Petridis Foivos E. , Balmus Ioana-Miruna , Ciobica Alin
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The main objective of this systematic review was to explore the role of magnetoencephalography (MEG) in the diagnosis, assessment, and monitoring of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and post-concussion syndrome (PCS). We aimed to evaluate the potential of some MEG biomarkers in detecting subtle brain abnormalities often missed by conventional imaging techniques. Methods: A systematic review was conducted using 25 studies that administered MEG to examine mTBI and PCS patients. The quality of the studies was assessed based on selection, comparability, and outcomes. Studies were analyzed for their methodology, evaluated parameters, and the clinical implications of using MEG for mTBI diagnosis. Results: MEG detected abnormal brain oscillations, including increased delta, theta, and gamma waves and disruptions in functional connectivity, particularly in the default mode and frontoparietal networks of patients suffering from mTBI. MEG consistently revealed abnormalities in mTBI patients even when structural imaging was normal. The use of MEG in monitoring recovery showed significant reductions in abnormal slow-wave activity corresponding to clinical improvements. Machine learning algorithms applied to MEG data demonstrated high sensitivity and specificity in distinguishing mTBI patients from healthy controls and predicting clinical outcomes. Conclusions: MEG provides a valuable diagnostic and prognostic tool for mTBI and PCS by identifying subtle neurophysiological abnormalities. The high temporal resolution and the ability to assess functional brain networks make MEG a promising complement to conventional imaging. Future research should focus on integrating MEG with other neuroimaging modalities and standardizing MEG protocols for clinical use.
From Anxiety to Contentment: The Role of Multiple Mediations and Privacy Concerns in the Transition from the FOMO to the JOMO Among Dating App Users
Authors: Li Yuanhao , Han EunKyoung
Published: February 2025

This research explores the psychological transition that occurs in dating app users from the Fear of Missing Out (FOMO) to the Joy of Missing Out (JOMO) using the Stressor–Strain–Outcome (SSO) model. An online survey of 410 Tinder users reveals that the FOMO significantly influences self-disclosure and social media stalking behaviors, which leads to user fatigue and eventually the JOMO. This survey also finds that privacy concerns play a moderating role in this process. In particular, the results show that a heightened FOMO increases self-disclosure and social media stalking, which intensifies fatigue and fosters the JOMO. Privacy concerns significantly modulate the relationship between the FOMO, fatigue, and the JOMO, thus playing a critical role in user interactions with dating apps. These insights help elucidate the socio-psychological behaviors of dating app users and can inform app design to reduce fatigue and enhance user well-being.
Life Cycle Risk Management for Improving Labor Productivity in Construction Projects in Türkiye
Authors: Calik Idil , Koc Kerim , Şahin Onur
Published: February 2025

The construction industry, being labor-intensive, prioritizes productivity to boost project performance, yet struggles to achieve expected levels despite increased focus by scholars and practitioners. This lagging causes significant losses in time, cost, and quality performance of construction projects but also broader implications for resource efficiency and environmental impacts. As a remedy to the multifaceted issue, this study aims to identify and evaluate life cycle risks of productivity management in construction projects in Türkiye. A comprehensive literature review identified risk factors affecting labor productivity, followed by a discussion session to finalize the decision framework, including life cycle phases of productivity management and risk factors in each phase. Then, the fuzzy analytical hierarchy (AHP) process revealed the most critical risk factors in each phase, followed by semi-structured interviews to reveal measures for addressing the most significant risks. The findings show that productivity management in construction projects contains nine phases. In addition, the most important factors were chiefly related to collaboration, information sharing, lack of supervision, work interruptions, and changes. Findings from semi-structured interviews emphasize regular employee training and open communication to enhance project outcomes, optimize workflows, and promote sustainability. The study’s key contribution is introducing a life cycle approach to construction productivity management, a previously unexplored perspective. This provides an effective framework that can be implemented in construction projects to manage and improve labor productivity as a whole-life cycle approach.
The Impact of Preoperative Radiotherapy and Chemotherapy on Autologous Breast Reconstruction Outcomes—A Retrospective Single-Center Study
Authors: Nava Caterina M. , Martineau Jérôme , Dong Edward T. C. , Zinner Gauthier , Oranges Carlo M.
Published: February 2025

Background: While radiotherapy (RT) and chemotherapy (CT) significantly improve breast cancer outcomes, they may affect breast reconstruction by causing vascular damage and delayed wound healing. This retrospective study evaluates how preoperative RT, CT, or the combination of both impacts intraoperative and postoperative outcomes in immediate or delayed deep inferior epigastric perforator (DIEP) flap breast reconstructions. Methods: We conducted a single-center review of all patients undergoing autologous DIEP flap reconstruction after mastectomy between 2018 and 2024. Patients were divided into four groups: RT only, CT only, a combination of RT and CT, and a control group with no preoperative therapies. Intraoperative and postoperative outcomes were then compared among these groups, with statistical significance defined as p < 0.05. Results: We included 114 patients representing 141 DIEP-flap breast reconstructions. Flap survival rate was 98.5%. In the univariate analysis, total microvascular recipient site complications were significantly higher in the RT + CT group (14.0%, p = 0.021). Donor-site complication rates differed significantly among the four groups (p = 0.025), with the highest rate observed in the RT + CT group (44.7%). In the logistic regression analysis, ischemia time was found as an independent risk factor for total recipient site complications, but not for microvascular complications (OR = 1.019, 95%-CI = 1.004–1.035, p = 0.014). Conclusions: Combined RT + CT significantly increased microsurgical complications. Ischemia time correlated with higher odds of total recipient site complications. Individualized patient management and diminished ischemia time are likely to improve flap survival.
Cross-Talk Between Tumor Cells and Stellate Cells Promotes Oncolytic VSV Activity in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma
Authors: Neumeyer Victoria , Chavan Purva , Steiger Katja , Ebert Oliver , Altomonte Jennifer
Published: February 2025

As the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis become better understood, the dynamic roles of cellular components of the tumor microenvironment, and their cross-talk with tumor cells, have come to light as key drivers of disease progression and have emerged as important targets of new cancer therapies. In the field of oncolytic virus (OV) therapy, stromal cells have been considered as potential barriers to viral spread, thus limiting virus replication and therapeutic outcome. However, new evidence indicates that intratumoral fibroblasts could support virus replication. We have demonstrated in a rat model of stromal-rich intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) that vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) can be localized within intratumoral hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), in addition to tumor cells, when the virus was applied via hepatic arterial infusion. Furthermore, VSV was shown to efficiently kill CCA cells and activated HSCs, and co-culture of CCA and HSCs increased viral titers. Interestingly, this effect is also observed when each cell type is cultured alone in a conditioned medium of the other cell type, indicating that secreted cell factors are at least partially responsible for this phenomenon. Partial reduction in sensitivity to type I interferons was observed in co-culture systems, providing a possible mechanism for the increased viral titers. Together, the results indicate that targeting activated HSCs with VSV could provide an additional mechanism of OV therapy, which, until now has not been considered. Furthermore, these findings suggest that VSV is a potentially powerful therapeutic agent for stromal-rich tumors, such as CCA and pancreatic cancer, both of which are very difficult to treat with conventional therapy and have a very poor prognosis.
Ternary PdIrNi Telluride Amorphous Mesoporous Nanocatalyst for Efficient Electro-Oxidation of Ethylene Glycol
Authors: Fu Liang , Wang Manli , Hao Lulu , Lei Jinhua , Liu Tong , Chen Zelin , Li Changjiu
Published: February 2025

The development of efficient electrocatalysts for the complete oxidation of ethylene glycol (EG) is crucial for enhancing the practicality of direct EG fuel cells (DEGFCs). However, significant challenges persist in developing highly active Pd-based catalytic electrodes. In this work, PdIrNi ternary telluride nanospheres (PdIrNiTe-MNSPs) with mesoporous morphology and an amorphous structure were successfully synthesized and applied in electrocatalytic EG oxidation reaction. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis revealed typical mesoporous characteristics, with a surface area of 8.33 m2·g−1 and a total pore volume of 0.055 cm3·g−1, respectively. Transmission electron microscopy characterization showed that the outer layer of PdIrNiTe-MNSPs is entirely amorphous in structure. Electrochemical tests demonstrated that PdIrNiTe-MNSPs exhibit enhanced electrocatalytic specific activity (16.75 mA·cm−2) and mass activity (1372.22 mA·mg−1) for EG oxidation reaction (EGOR), achieving 3.17 and 2.09 times higher than commercial Pd/C, which can be attributed to its unique nanoarchitecture and optimized electron configuration. In situ spectroscopy revealed that with the incorporation of IrNi, PdIrNiTe-MNSPs facilitate C-C bond cleavage of EG, achieving a higher selectivity (≈93%) in oxidizing EG to C1 products, while PdTe-MNSPs demonstrated higher selectivity for glycolic acid in EGOR. Taken together, this work provides new insights into the application of Pd-based telluride nanomaterials in electrocatalysis for EGOR.
Recent Progress in g-C3N4-Based Photocatalysts for Organic Pollutant Degradation: Strategies to Improve Photocatalytic Activity
Authors: Ruan Yang , Hu Yuanan , Cheng Hefa
Published: February 2025

With unique photochemical properties, graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) has gained significant attention for application in photocatalytic degradation of a wide range of organic pollutants. However, its performance is limited by the rapid electron–hole recombination and the relatively weak redox capability. Substantial progress has been made in the preparation of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts with enhanced photocatalytic activity. This review summarizes the recent advances in strategies to improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts and their application in the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Morphology control, doping, functionalization, metal deposition, dye sensitization, defect engineering, and construction of heterojunctions can be used to improve the photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 through promoting charge carrier separation, reducing the bandgap, and suppressing charge recombination. Furthermore, a range of oxidants, such as hydrogen peroxide and persulfate, can be coupled with g-C3N4-based photocatalysts to enhance the generation of reactive oxygen species and boost the photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants. Precise control over the g-C3N4 structure during the synthesis process remains a challenge, and further improvements are required in photocatalyst stability and the mineralization rates of organic pollutants. More research and development effort is needed to address the existing challenges, refine the design of g-C3N4-based photocatalysts to improve their activity, and promote their practical application in pollutant degradation.
Antimicrobial Blue Light Reduces Human-Wound Pathogens’ Resistance to Tetracycline-Class Antibiotics in Biofilms
Authors: Negri Laisa Bonafim , Korupolu Sandeep , Farinelli William , Jolly Alexis K. , Redmond Robert W. , Aggarwal Shifu , Rahme Laurence G. , Gilchrist Kristin H. , Anderson R. Rox , Gelfand Jeffrey A.
Published: February 2025

Biofilms contribute to chronic infections and the development of antimicrobial resistance (AMR). We are developing an antimicrobial blue light (aBL) device to reduce bacterial bioburden in wounds and decrease reliance on systemic antibiotics. aBL induces the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) through photoexcitation of endogenous chromophores, causing bacterial damage and death. This study explores the combination of tetracyclines (TCs) with aBL for the treatment of biofilm infections in vitro. Tetracyclines (TCs), including second-generation minocycline (MC), doxycycline (DOCT), and third-generation agents omadacycline (OM) and tigecycline (TG), were evaluated for their ability to enhance bactericidal effects and ROS production during aBL treatment of abiotic biofilm. TCs were tested under dark conditions and with varying aBL light parameters against biofilms of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA), and Escherichia coli (E. coli). Results showed that TCs alone were ineffective against these biofilm cultures. However, when combined with aBL either before or after TC treatment, significant enhancement of microbicidal activity was observed. When the aBL is added before the TCs, there was equivalent bactericidal effect, indicating that TCs primary action against biofilms were not as photosensitizers. These findings suggest that aBL can significantly enhance the antimicrobial activity of TCs, potentially offering a new effective approach to treating biofilm-associated infections and combating AMR when aBL is applicable.
The Immune-Enhancing Effects of a Lactobacillus paracasei L-30 Extract Through the NF-κB and MAPK Pathways in RAW264.7
Authors: Kim Soyeon , Kim Inwook , Park Sangkyu , Seo Jeongmin
Published: February 2025

Immune enhancement is an important factor that not only helps prevent infections but also affects overall health. This study aims to evaluate the immunostimulatory effects of a novel Lactobacillus strain, Lactobacillus paracasei L-30, and to elucidate its underlying mechanisms. The extract obtained from Lactobacillus paracasei L-30 significantly increased phagocytosis and the production of NO and ROS in RAW264.7 macrophages. The protein and mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and iNOS which are immune regulators were upregulated by the L-30 extract. The levels of cytokines and chemokines, such as G-CSF, IL-6, MIP-1α, MIP-1γ, RANTES, sTNF RI, and sTNF RII, were increased by the treatment with the L-30 extract. In addition, the L-30 extract degraded IκB-α and induced the phosphorylation of NF-κB. Furthermore, the MAPK signaling pathways ERK, JNK, and p38 were activated by the L-30 extract. The production of iNOS, COX-2, and NO was inhibited by MAPK pathway inhibitors. Therefore, our data suggest that the Lactobacillus paracasei L-30 extract has the potential to be developed as a healthy functional food that can enhance immune responses by activating macrophages.
The Examination of the Effect of Water-Soluble Hydrophobic Agents on Physical–Mechanical Parameters and Resistance to Aggressive Environment of Concrete
Authors: Hodul Jakub , Beníková Tatiana , Drochytka Rostislav , Borg Ruben Paul
Published: February 2025

The aim of this research was to examine the effect of water-based hydrophobic impregnations on concrete in order to improve its durability, chemical resistance, and physical–mechanical parameters. The purpose of this research was to prevent as much water evaporation as possible during concrete hydration, which resulted in the improvement in concrete properties including strength, durability, resistance of concrete in high-pressure water, water tightness, etc. Water-based hydrophobic impregnations based on silane and siloxane, epoxy resin, and oil were chosen to achieve improvements in concrete parameters. The comparison of water-based hydrophobic impregnations with solvent-based hydrophobic impregnations was also performed using the determination of absorbency, water pressure penetration depth, watertightness, concrete penetration depth, and resistance to aggressive environment. The concrete microstructure was observed using a digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Samples with hydrophobic agents exhibited a higher contact angle, lower absorbency, and higher resistance to aggressive environment, when compared to the untreated surfaces, confirming the water repellency of the water-soluble hydrophobic impregnations. The positive effect of hydrophobic agents in the compressive strength was also recorded. Furthermore, the benefit of the addition of 0.1 wt.% of nanocellulose into the hydrophobic impregnations was observed. Based on the obtained results, it was found that the addition of nanocellulose to water-soluble hydrophobic impregnations reduced the depth of pressurized water seepage and increased the compressive strength of the concrete after 28 days by 2 MPa.
Innovative Hygroscopic Material for Humidity Regulation: Diatomaceous Earth Composite Porous Ceramic
Authors: Yao Zhennan , Migliore Enza , Galluzzi Massimiliano , Liu Jingze
Published: February 2025

Urbanization in hot and humid regions such as southern China has increased the demand for comfortable indoor environments. In order to design a material for efficient passive indoor humidity regulation, this study investigates a composite material that combines the hygroscopic properties of salt and the adsorption capacity of diatomaceous earth (DE). Firstly, we prepared DE and boehmite into moisture-absorbing porous materials. Then, the initial DE-based sample was innovatively doped with SiO2 nanomaterials and loaded with LiCl to enhance the humidity regulation ability of the composite, especially in the adsorption and desorption ability of water vapour. The microstructure and phase composition of the composite samples were analysed, and we observed an increase in porosity, filling performance and capillary condensation upon the introduction of SiO2 nanoparticles. The hygroscopic salt loaded into the pores can absorb more water when exposed to the ambient humidity. This synergic effect can effectively improve the hygroscopic performance of the composite material while maintaining the stability of the physical and chemical properties. The optimized samples showed a moisture absorption rate of 28% in high-humidity environments, meeting moisture buffer value evaluation standards. The study’s findings lay the foundation for the future integration of these materials through advanced manufacturing technologies.
A Simultaneous Presentation of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma and Latent Cervical Tuberculosis: Insights into a Complex Case
Authors: Barcan Ingrid-Denisa , Closca Raluca Maria , Rakitovan Marina , Banta Andreea-Mihaela , Zara Flavia , Dema Sorin Adalbert , Virzob Claudia Raluca Balasa , Horhat Ioana Delia
Published: February 2025

Background and Clinical Significance: Tuberculosis infection triggers a chronic inflammatory response that can create a favorable environment for the development of cancer cells. Chronic inflammation can lead to DNA damage, increased cell proliferation, and impaired immune surveillance. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is an aggressive malignant tumor with a very poor prognosis, despite the current oncology therapy. Case Presentation: The case presents following clinical, imaging, and histopathological aspects, as well as the oncological follow-up of the patient over a period of 8 years. This paper presents the case of a 49-year-old patient diagnosed with cervical lymph node tuberculosis while biopsied for the diagnosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma with cervical lymph node metastases. Conclusions: The overlap of this malignancy with an infection of mycobacterial etiology complicates the outcome of the disease even more, making treatment and prognosis difficult.
Monosomy 18p with Unbalanced Translocation Between 13 and 18 Chromosomes: First Reported Case in Serbia
Authors: Marković Bojana , Gazdić Janković Marina , Igrutinović Zoran , Medović Raša , Stojadinović Nevena , Ljujić Biljana
Published: February 2025

Background: Monosomy 18p is a chromosomal disorder resulting from the deletion of the short arm of chromosome 18. While a lot of cases result from the partial deletion of 18p, only a few reported cases are caused by the deletion of the whole short arm of chromosome 18 due to unbalanced translocations occurring between chromosomes 13 and 18 (13;18). 18p- monosomy presents with a variety of clinical manifestations, including facial dysmorphism, intellectual disability, and short stature, among others. Case presentation: Here, we report a case of a one-year-old girl with 18p- monosomy resulting from an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 13 and 18 (45, XX, t(13;18) (q12:p11.2)). Our patient had facial dysmorphism and stunted growth. Additionally, she had hypotonia and required thyroxine supplementation from a young age. To our knowledge, this is the first case of astigmatism in a patient with this deletion and an unbalanced translocation between chromosomes 13 and 18. Conclusions: The present case demonstrates the phenotypic spectrum of a rare variant of monosomy 18 caused by an unbalanced whole-arm translocation between chromosomes 13 and 18. Our study emphasizes the significance of cytogenetic testing to diagnose this disease, which has been described only five times in the literature.
The Role of Traditional and Reverse Algorithms in the Diagnosis of Syphilis in HIV-Infected Individuals: A Case Study on Istanbul
Authors: Yapar Gizem , Köksal Muammer Osman , Sarsar Kutay , Soğuksu Pınar , Demirci Mehmet , Yurtseven Eray , Kır Murat Hakan , Allahverdiyeva Aytaj , Çağatay Arif Atahan , Ağaçfidan Ali , Kırkoyun Uysal Hayriye
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: T. pallidum subsp. pallidum is a spirochete that only causes disease in humans as the causative agent of syphilis. HIV and syphilis have common transmission routes. In the present study, our aim was to evaluate the presence of syphilis coinfection in people living with HIV using conventional and reverse algorithms and to investigate its effects on laboratory parameters. Methods: The traditional algorithm for syphilis begins testing with the non-treponemal test. If the non-treponemal test is reactive, a treponemal test is then used to confirm syphilis infection. The reverse algorithm for syphilis begins testing with the treponemal test. If this test is reactive, then a non-treponemal test is performed. When the non-treponemal test is non-reactive, a second treponemal test is performed. Results: A total of 200 patients were included in the study. While 22 patients were determined to be syphilis-positive using the traditional algorithm, 37 patients were determined to be syphilis-positive using the reverse algorithm. Most of the patients who had syphilis coinfection were homosexual. Conclusions: It was found that syphilis coinfection had no effects on CD4+ T-lymphocyte and CD8+ T-lymphocyte values, CD4/CD8 rates, and HIV RNA amounts. People living with HIV must be screened and followed up for syphilis and other sexually transmitted diseases at certain intervals.
Understanding Loneliness in Older Adults During the Pandemic: Predictors and Questionnaire Validation
Authors: Orlandini Rahela , Lušić Kalcina Linda , Antičević Vesna
Published: February 2025

Background/Objectives: The COVID-19 pandemic is behind us, but the experiences gained during its course can serve as a framework for preventive actions in future crises. The main objectives were to examine the predictors of loneliness in older adults during the pandemic and to explore the mediating effects of emotional stability between pandemic-specific stressors and loneliness. To achieve the set objectives, we developed a questionnaire to measure pandemic-specific stressors in older adults. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. A total of 578 participants of both genders (38.9% male, 61.1% female) aged 65 and above (M = 74.09, SD = 6.72) participated in this study. The self-reported measures used included the following: The Ten-Item Personality Inventory, The Revised Loneliness Scale, The Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation, and The Pandemic-Specific Stressors Questionnaire for Older Adults. Results: Using exploratory factor analysis, two factors were extracted, providing evidence of face and convergent validity, together explaining 71.3% of the variance. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good model fit. Hierarchical regression analysis indicated the greatest contribution of the psychological factors to loneliness in older adults during the pandemic, while marital status and pandemic-specific stressors had a minor but still significant impact. Mediation analysis revealed that emotional stability mediated the association between social distancing experiences and loneliness. Conclusions: In future global pandemics, it is necessary to pay full attention to psychological factors to preserve the mental health of older people. The newly-constructed questionnaire identifies pandemic-specific stressors in older adults, aiding their mitigation and easing recovery from the pandemic crisis.
Signal Correction for the Split-Hopkinson Bar Testing of Soft Materials
Authors: Bieler Sören , Weinberg Kerstin
Published: February 2025

The Split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) test is a commonly accepted experiment to investigate the material behavior under high strain rates. Due to the low impedance of soft materials, here, the test has to be performed with plastic bars instead of metal bars. Such plastic bars have a certain viscosity and require a correction of the measured signals to account for the attenuation and dispersion of the transmitted waves. This paper presents a signal correction method based on a spectral decomposition of the strain-wave signals using Fast Fourier Transform and additional applied strain gauges in the experimental setup. The concept can be used to adapt the pulses and to concurrently validate the measurement method, which supports the evaluation of the experiment. Our investigation is carried out with a Split-Hopkinson pressure bar setup of PMMA bars and silicon-like specimens produced by the 3D printing process of digital light processing.
Laws, Aid, and Change: The Effect of Gender-Mainstreamed Aid on Legal Provisions Shaping Women’s Economic Opportunities
Authors: Tadesse Bedassa , Shukralla Elias K. , Fayissa Bichaka
Published: February 2025

This study examines the relationship between gender-related aid and legal frameworks governing women’s economic opportunities. Using data from 116 countries (2009–2022), we analyze how significant (SGRA) and principal (PGRA) gender-related aid influence the Women, Business, and Law (WBL) Index, which measures women’s access to employment, credit, and entrepreneurship. Results from fixed-effects models show that SGRA consistently improves WBL Index components, while PGRA significantly impacts marriage, parenthood, and mobility regulations, with modest effects on workplace and entrepreneurship measures. PGRA substantially affects marriage, parenthood, and mobility regulations while demonstrating more modest impacts on workplace conditions and entrepreneurship measures. These observations underscore the complexity of addressing gender inequality and the necessity of targeted, multifaceted approaches to overcome legal restrictions, entrenched social norms, and economic barriers. The research offers valuable insights for policymakers and donors on the transformative potential of gender-mainstreamed aid initiatives in fostering a more equitable world.
An Evaluation of the Attainment Gaps in State Schools in England: Evidence from Next Steps’ Age 25 Sweep Dataset
Authors: Shao Xin , Lu Binwei
Published: February 2025

This paper evaluates the higher education (HE) admissions policy by examining the educational attainment gaps in state schools of young people from different socio-economic backgrounds in England. We analysed data for a cohort of 5192 state-educated young people from the large-scale nationally representative longitudinal Next Steps dataset from 2004 to 2015, linked to the robust administrative National Pupil Database (NPD) for England. The analytical methods used include effect sizes and correlations. The results show a clear pattern of the socio-economic stratification of young people’s educational attainment. Pupil deprivation is a key indicator which is consistently associated with lower educational attainment. While this is not surprising, our study also suggests that there are other factors besides the family backgrounds which are associated with young people’s educational outcomes. Pupils’ enjoyment of school, their educational aspirations, and their parent’s aspirations for their children are found to have a positive correlation with attainment at school, suggesting that educational aspirations and positive school experiences might contribute to a narrowing of deprivation-related gaps. As the analyses also suggest that young people who went to university and those in professional occupations consistently achieved higher academic performance than their peers, the findings have policy implications for improving social mobility. While it is not possible to alter parents’ socioeconomic backgrounds, raising children’s aspirations and making school enjoyable are amenable to policies and interventions. The common practice of using academic attainment as a selection criterion for admission to HE is likely to disadvantage children from low socioeconomic families, with implications for social mobility. The contextualised admission (CA) policy should lead to fairer approaches, which could be used for admissions to HE.