bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The EU and the Western Balkan response during the Migrant Crisis: is the European Green Deal inclusive for all?
Authors: Komljenović Marija
Published: October 2022

Background
The European Green Deal does not clearly consider the issue of migrant inclusion, nor are there specific data on the risk of migrants falling into poverty, energy poverty, social exclusion and other data that could help to create to create an effective policy that would be applied in this area. With the growing energy and economic crisis, certain decisions and measures are taken, but the position of migrants (who are mostly in the category of poorer citizens) is largely untacked. Main objective of this study is to assess current position of migrant population when it comes to risk from poverty (including energy poverty) and social exclusion in the 4 EU countries with the largest influx of migrants. The economic and energy crisis, as well as the labour shortage, create a need for research of this kind. The growing risk of energy poverty affects EU citizens, but it is reasonable to assume that the risk to the migrant population is greater and currently without a proper systematic response.
Results
An analysis was conducted across the four traditional destination countries, between EU citizens, national citizens and foreign-born citizens (2014 to 2020) and the results revealed that foreign-born citizens have a greater risk of poverty or social exclusion. In 2020, citizens of Sweden that were not born in the EU28 had more than 360% greater chance than national citizens of being at risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion. In France, the foreign citizens were 340% more likely to be exposed to poverty than national citizens. The same statistics also show that the risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion for foreign citizens in Germany are at the highest rate in 2020. The UK rates demonstrate an increased 10% (2014-2018) difference in the risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion for foreign citizens. The statistics show that non-EU citizens de facto have a higher risk of poverty (including energy poverty) or social exclusion, which will greatly complicate the EU's response to the ongoing crisis, and greater problems can be expected with the growing number of refugees.
Recommendations
Bearing in mind the results of the research, the basic recommendations elaborated in the paper are as follows: a) up-to-date collection and innovation of data for the migrant population (including data on energy poverty), b) creation of conditions for more efficient employment of migrants, c) adoption of special measures to protect migrants from energy poverty, and d) strengthening of cooperation between the EU and to non-EU countries on the migrant route.
The Pathogenicity comparison of RHDV and RHDV2 in China by using relative quantitative assay
Authors: TU Teng , Zhou You , Jiang Dike , Pang Maonan , Wu Xulong , Yao Xueping , Luo Yan , Yang Zexiao , Ren Meishen , Wang Yin
Published: October 2022

Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) belongs to Lagovirus in the Caliciviridae family. RHDV is an acute, septic, and highly lethal disease in rabbits. RHDV2, a new variant of RHDV, caused explosive mortality in rabbits of all ages in Sichuan Province, China. To explore the differences in pathogenicity of rabbits infected with RHDV2/RHDV, we investigated the virulence and disease progression of a naturally occurring RHDV/RHDV2 in 4-week-old, 13-week-old, and 25-week-old New Zealand White laboratory rabbits after RHDV/RHDV2 infection. Objective measures of disease progression were recorded through a continuous body temperature monitor. We observed the kittens were infected with RHDV2 in the most urgent course of the disease, and RHDV is not lethal to kittens. We found that the target organ of both RHDV and RHDV2 was the liver, but the disease course of the two viruses was different. Our study enriches the research on the pathogenicity of RHDV2 and RHDV under the same conditions. We carried out studies on the infection of RHDV2 and RHDV in rabbits of different ages under the same conditions, which enriched the study on the pathogenicity of RHD.
Acetyltransferase NAT10 regulates the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway to promote colorectal cancer progression via ac4C acetylation of KIF23 mRNA
Authors: Jin Chi , Wang Tuo , Zhang Dongsheng , Yang Peng , Zhang Chuan , Peng Wen , Jin Kangpeng , Wang Lu , Zhou Jiahui , Peng Chaofan , Tan Yuqian , Ji Jiangzhou , Chen Zhihao , Sun Qingyang , Yang Sheng , Tang Junwei , Feng Yifei , Sun Yueming
Published: October 2022

Background N4-acetylcytidine (ac4C) as a significant RNA modification has been reported to maintain the stability of mRNA and to regulate the translation process. However, the roles of both ac4C and its ‘writer’ protein N-acetyltransferase 10 (NAT10) played in the disease especially colorectal cancer (CRC) are unclear. At this point, we discover the underlying mechanism of NAT10 modulating the progression of CRC via mRNA ac4C modification. Methods The clinical significance of NAT10 was explored based on the TCGA and GEO data sets and the 80 CRC patients cohort of our hospital. qRT-PCR, dot blot, WB, and IHC were performed to detect the level of NAT10 and ac4C modification in CRC tissues and matched adjacent tissues. CCK-8, colony formation, transwell assay, mouse xenograft, and other in vivo and in vitro experiments were conducted to probe the biological functions of NAT10. The potential mechanisms of NAT10 in CRC were clarified by RNA-seq, RIP-seq, acRIP-seq, luciferase reporter assays, etc. Results The levels of NAT10 and ac4C modification were significantly upregulated. Also, the high expression of NAT10 had important clinical values like poor prognosis, lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, etc. Furthermore, the in vitro experiments showed that NAT10 could inhibit apoptosis and enhance the proliferation, migration, and invasion of CRC cells and also arrest them in the G2/M phase. The in vivo experiments discovered that NAT10 could promote tumor growth and liver/lung metastasis. In terms of mechanism, NAT10 could mediate the stability of KIF23 mRNA by binding to its mRNA 3’UTR region and up-regulating its mRNA ac4c modification. And then the protein level of KIF23 was elevated to activate the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and more β-catenin was transported into the nucleus which led to the CRC progression. Besides, the inhibitor of NAT10, remodelin, was applied in vitro and vivo which showed an inhibitory effect on the CRC cells. Conclusions NAT10 promotes the CRC progression through the NAT10/KIF23/GSK-3β/β-catenin axis and its expression is mediated by GSK-3β which forms a feedback loop. Our findings provide a potential prognosis or therapeutic target for CRC and remodelin deserves more attention.
Long-term survival and predictors of failure of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy.
Authors: Guarino Amedeo , Farinelli Luca , Iacono Venanzio , Cozzolino Andrea , Balato Giovanni , Festa Enrico , Natali Simone , Zorzi Claudio , Mariconda Massimo
Published: October 2022

Background
The primary aim was to evaluate the long-term survival of opening wedge high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for isolated osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee. The secondary objective was to identify independent predictors of conversion to total knee arthroplasty (TKA).
Methods
Two-hundred forty-seven consecutive cases of open wedge HTO performed at the study centre were retrospectively analysed. Mean age at the operation was 42,8 years (range 15–70) and most patients were male (70%). Mean follow-up was 11.6 years (6–17). Failure was defined as conversion to TKA. Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses were performed.
Results
Thirty-three of the 247 HTOs (13.4%) were converted to knee replacement, with 86.6% of the original procedures surviving at a mean 12-year follow-up. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates at 17 years for HTO were 75.5% (95% confidence interval [CI] 66.7–84.3). There was significant difference (p < 0.001) in the 17-year survival rate between obese (55.5%; 95% CI 35.3–75.6) and non-obese (79.7%; 95% CI 70.1–89.2) patients. The determinants of conversion to knee arthroplasty detected at multivariate Cox regression analysis were Body Mass Index, severity of cartilage degeneration in the medial compartment (Outerbridge grade), and age.
Conclusions
The long-term survival of open wedge HTO for osteoarthritis in the medial compartment of the knee is satisfactory. The risk of conversion to TKA is significantly increased in obese patients. Advanced age and severity of pre-existing cartilage damage may also contribute to the risk of conversion to TKA.
Contamination, sources and risk assessments of metals in Stream Sediments of Pouma, Pan African Fold Belt, Southern Cameroon
Authors: Jean-Lavenir Ndema Mbongué , Kiki Tume Noela , Yiika Lemnyuy Prosper , Ndi Godlove Muh
Published: October 2022

The Pouma area is situated within the Yaoundé domain of the Pan Africa Fold Belt in Cameroon. The rocks in the Pouma area are mainly metamorphic rocks such as quartzite, micaschist and gneiss. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the distribution of trace metals and to assess the degree of metal pollution in the sediments of Pouma area. The sediment samples were analysed for major, trace elements and rare earth elements content byInductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS- Aqua Regia). The calculated pollution load index (1.1 to 8.1), enrichment factor (0.01 to 1221), integrated nemrow pollution load index (3.57 to 25.93) and potential ecological risk index (3 to 7504) of Au, Ag, Al, Ba, Bi, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Fe, Hg, Ga, Mo, Nb Ni, Pb, Rb, Sc, Sn, Sr, Th, U, V, Y, Zn and Zr indicate metal pollution and sediments contamination in the Pouma area. Natural and metal input assessment reveals that the dominantly mafic lithologies in the area, mining and domestic activities as well as agricultural activities of Pouma area are the main source of metal contamination.
Ground-Based Cloud Classification Algorithm Based on Weakly Supervised Attention Learning
Authors: Xing Leyuan , Sun Zhonghua , Jia Kebin , Feng Jinchao
Published: October 2022

Feature location and extraction play important roles in ground-based cloud classification. However, popular cloud classification algorithms have a low classification performance because they widely use hand-crafted features which require accurate manual labeling. In addition, most of deep learning algorithms cannot capture accurate salient features in cloud images which is useful to ground-based cloud classification. In this study, a weakly supervised ground-based cloud classification method (WS-GCCA) is proposed based on the global and local features extracted by a coarse-grained and a fine-grained deep networks. The performance of the WS-GCCA is validated with a ground-based cloud classification database comprising 11 cloud types. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed WS-GCCA achieves an accuracy of 98.58, which is significantly higher classification accuracy than 10 state-of-art supervised learning algorithms.
A Note on Two Alternative Novel Probabilistic Approaches to Address Epistemic Uncertainty in Magnitude Frequency Distribution (MFD) Logic Trees
Authors: Akkar Sinan , Yazgan Ufuk , Azak Tuba Eroğlu
Published: October 2022

The magnitude frequency distributions (MFDs) are one of the most important components of seismic source modeling in probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA). They describe the annual occurrence rates of magnitudes that are expected to occur on the seismic source. Eventually, the occurrence rates (or probabilities) of these magnitudes affect the exceedance rate (or probability) and the amplitude of the target ground-motion intensity metric (im), which is the essential product in PSHA. To this connection, proper portrayal of epistemic uncertainty in MFDs entails justifiable ground-motion amplitude exceedance distributions. In this paper, we propose two alternative novel approaches to account for the epistemic uncertainties in the modeling parameters of MFDs. Both approaches treat MFD model parameters as random variables (rvs) and describe their conditional probability distributions conditioned on seismic source activity to address their epistemic uncertainty. Although both approaches are tailored to structure a proper MFD logic-tree, they differ in the way they handle the conditional probabilities while delineating the epistemic uncertainty associated with each MFD model parameter. We first explain the theoretical background of these alternative methods, and then discuss their similarities (and differences) from a case study.
A Novel Wrapper and Filter-based Feature Dimensionality Reduction Methods for Anomaly Intrusion Detection in Wireless Sensor Networks
Authors: Saheed Yakub Kayode , Abdulganiyu Oluwadamilare Harazeem , Tchakoucht Taha Ait , Rakshit Sandip
Published: October 2022

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are the most important technology currently available. WSNs are widely utilized in applications such as business, military, healthcare, smart cities, smart grids, and smart homes. All WSNs implementations demand that sensor nodes and the base station communicate securely. The adversary compromises sensor nodes to deploy diverse attacks into the WSNs. Therefore, an appropriate Intrusion Detection System (IDS) is required to guard against security attacks in WSNs. IDS are crucial for preventing and detecting security breaches. WSNs should have an IDS to assure the reliability, availability, and security of the service. Network intrusion detection is the practice of detecting malicious activity within a network by examining its traffic flow. However, feature dimensionality reduction is critical in IDS, as finding anomalies in high-dimensional network traffic is a lengthy procedure. The selection of features affects the speed of the analysis. In this paper, we proposed an anomaly IDS to detect eight different forms of attacks in WSNs using a wrapper and filter-based feature dimensionality reduction methodologies. The suggested work employed a wrapper-based method with the firefly algorithm (FFA) embedded in the wrapper for feature selection (FS), as well as a filter method with Principal component analysis (PCA) for feature dimensionality reduction. The classifiers random forest (RF) and naïve Bayes (NB) were used to classify the obtained features from both wrapper-based FFA and filter-based PCA. The empirical analysis was carried out on the high-dimensional UNSW-NB15 data. The findings revealed that the wrapper-based FFA-RF achieved an accuracy of 99.98%, f1 score of 100%, precision of 100%, AUC of 100%, and recall of 100%. While, the FFA-NB yielded an accuracy of 99.74%, an F1 score of 99.65%, a precision of 99.38%, an AUC of 99.92%, and a recall of 99.93%. On the other hand, the filter-based PCA-RF achieves an accuracy of 99.99%, an f1-score of 99.97%, a precision of 99.98%, an AUC of 100%, and a recall of 99.97%. While, the PCA-NB gave an accuracy of 97.16%, precision of 97.12%, F1 score of 98.85%, AUC of 99.75%, and recall of 99.50%. This showed that the wrapper-based FFA feature dimensionality reduction methods outperformed the filter-based PCA feature dimensionality approaches in detecting generic, exploits, DoS, fuzzers, backdoors, reconnaissance, and worms’ attacks in WSNs layers. However, in terms of time-critical applications, the filter-based methods required low training time to build the models when compared with the wrapper-based approaches.
Development of SNP based functional marker for anthracnose resistant Co-2 gene in common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
Authors: Gupta Chainika , Salgotra Romesh Kumar , Venegas Raul A.
Published: October 2022

Background Anthracnose caused by the fungus Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is one of the most devastating diseases of common beans resulting in catastrophic yield loss. Among the various disease control management techniques, genetic resistance in the host is the most efficient and sustainable strategy for its control. In common bean, the single dominant Co-2 gene confers broad-spectrum resistance against a large number of Colletotrichum isolates. Functional markers (FMs) derived from polymorphic regions in gene sequences influencing phenotypic variation are very effective in marker assisted selection (MAS) of target gene for host plant resistance.
Methods and results The present study was undertaken to develop a FM from the promoter region of the Co-2 gene that could enhance its incorporation in breeding programmes. The diverse common bean genotypes were evaluated for anthracnose resistance under controlled conditions. The identified resistant and moderately resistant genotypes were further screened for the presence of the Co-2 gene, a broad-spectrum disease resistance gene using the SCAreoli marker. The promoter regions of the genes of anthracnose resistant and susceptible genotypes were amplified, cloned and sequenced. The SNPs within the regulatory motifs of the promoter region were identified and 14 out of 23 SNPs were found to be strongly associated with disease resistance using genotypic and phenotypic data. The allele-specific CAPS marker was developed and further validated in 43 common bean genotypes with varying anthracnose resistance. The genotype of the CAPS marker and the observed phenotype were perfectly correlated, thereby can be utilized in breeding projects in poorer nations where anthracnose is a common problem.
Conclusions The identified allelic marker can be used for transferring anthracnose resistance from highly resistant genotypes into susceptible cultivated varieties of common beans using MAS.
Relationship between cognition and emotions caused by the COVID-19 infection, and depression and anxiety
Authors: Hazumi Megumi , Okazaki Emi , Usuda Kentaro , Kataoka Mayumi , Nishi Daisuke
Published: October 2022

Background Although negative cognition and emotions are known to develop with experiences of COVID-19 infection, it remains unclear whether such cognitions and emotions contribute to depression and anxiety as post-acute symptoms of COVID-19. We aimed to investigate the relationships between cognition and emotions caused by COVID-19 infection and depression and anxiety. Methods A cross-sectional survey of COVID-19 recovered patients was conducted from July to September 2021 in Japan. Outcome variables, depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7); scores of 10 and above were identified as having symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Exposure variables were whether participants were experiencing the following cognition and emotions strongly: threat to life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming a third party who did not restrain from going outside, blaming themselves for their COVID-19 infection, worry about spreading the infection to others, and self-stigma (Self-Stigma Scale-Short). Modified Poisson regression analyses were performed to analyze the findings. Results A total of 6016 responses were included in the analyses. The proportion of depression was 19.88%, and anxiety was 11.47%. The threat of life due to COVID-19 infection, helplessness regarding COVID-19 infection, blaming oneself for their COVID-19 infection, and self-stigma were significantly associated with depression and anxiety after adjusting covariates. Blaming the third party who did not restrain from going outside was associated with anxiety. There was no association between the worry about spreading to others and depression or anxiety. Conclusion Negative cognition and emotions, including self-stigma with the experience of COVID-19 infection, were related to depression and anxiety. Countermeasures for preventing or decreasing the cognition and emotions may be needed to mitigate these symptoms.
Treatment of acute completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children aged 2 to 6
Authors: Qiao Fei , Jiang Fei , Lv Ping
Published: October 2022

Background The management of femoral fractures in children aged two to six years is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to assess the results of closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation in completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children in this age group. Methods A retrospective review of all children with acute completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children aged 2 to 6 years treated from 2013 to 2020 was performed. A total of 34 patients were treated who met the inclusion criteria: Group 1: 21 stable types of fractures (transverse and short oblique); Group 2: 13 unstable types of fractures (long oblique and spiral) that underwent closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation. No differences existed between the 2 groups with respect to age, extremity, sex, time to treatment, mechanism of injury, or fracture displacement. Demographic characteristics and radiographs were reviewed, and the following parameters were documented: surgery time, time to union, return to activities, range of motion of knee joints, and complications. Major complications were defined as those with presumptive long-term side effects or those requiring a reoperation. No major complications were observed in the two groups. All included fractures were treated by a single senior paediatric surgeon. The mean follow-up period was 28.4 months (range 24–45 months). The level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results Thirty-four children with acute completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis were included: Group 1: 21 stable types of fractures; Group 2: 13 unstable types of fractures. The patients included 15 girls (44.1%) and 19 boys (55.9%), with an average age of 4.4 years (range 2.8 to 6.5 years). The mean follow-up period was 28.4 months (range 24.2–45.0 months). The demographic characteristics did not differ between the two groups of patients. Overall, successful closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation could be achieved in all 34 patients. The mean surgical time was 40.4 and 43.0 min in Group 1 and Group 2, respectively (p = 0.857). Fluoroscopy time was not significantly different between the two groups (37.0 versus 36.1 s, respectively; p = 0.247). Cosmetic results were described as good and satisfactory by all patients. There were no refractures and no incidences of nonunion or growth arrest in the proximal epiphysis. Only two patients suffered from a superficial infection, which was resolved after cutting the ESIN and the administration of oral antibiotics. Conclusion Closed reduction and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) fixation can be successfully used to treat completely displaced fractures of the femoral diaphysis in children aged two to six years. This technique is simple to learn and minimally invasive, and the results are satisfactory.
Efficient Approximation and Privacy Preservation Algorithms for real time online Evolving Data Streams
Authors: Patil Rahul , Patil Pramod
Published: October 2022

Mining real-time streaming data is a more difficult research challenge than mining static data due to the processing of continuous unstructured massive streams of data. As sensitive data is incorporated into the streaming data, the issue of privacy continues. In recent years, there has been significant progress in research on the anonymization of static data. For the anonymization of quasi-identifiers, two typical strategies are generalization and suppression. But the high dynamicity and potential infinite properties of the streaming data make it a challenging task. To end this, we propose a novel Efficient Approximation and Privacy Preservation Algorithms (EAPPA) framework in this paper to achieve efficient data pre-processing from the live streaming and its privacy preservation with minimum Information Loss (IL) and computational requirements. As the existing privacy preservation solutions for streaming data suffered from the challenges of redundant data, we first proposed the efficient technique of data approximation with data pre-processing. We design the Flajolet Martin (FM) algorithm for robust and efficient approximation of unique elements in the data stream with a data cleaning mechanism. We fed the periodically approximated and pre-processed streaming data to the anonymization algorithm. We propose novel k-anonymization and l-diversity privacy principles for data streams using adaptive clustering. The proposed approach scans a stream to detect and reuse clusters that fulfill the k-anonymity and l-diversity criteria for reducing anonymization time and IL. The experimental results reveal the efficiency of the EAPPA framework compared to state-of-art methods.
Cataract Classification (type) using Hybrid Convolution Neural Networks
Authors: Ankur Tanjemoon , Foysal Md Kamrul Hasan , Ho Peter , Chong Jo Woon , Kundu Bipasha
Published: October 2022

Eyesight is one of the most vital senses. In the year 2021, about 2.2 billion people will have vision impairment. Amongst them, 93 million were due to cataracts. In this paper, we have merged different image processing techniques and deep learning networks to diagnose and differentiate between various types of cataracts. The conventional Convolution Neural Network (CNN), in conjunction with support vector machines (SVM), classifies nuclear, cortical spoking, and capsular cataract eyes. The proposed method was successful in accurately classifying the two classes with an accuracy of 85.71%, while for a three-class classification, 83.33% was the maximum accuracy achieved.
Numerical calculation and properties study on polylactic acid (PLA)/nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) composite fluid 3D printed by fused deposition modeling
Authors: Wang Yanqing , Xie Minghui , Wang Xin , Zhou Zheng
Published: October 2022

Because of the apparent fusion interface, the Poly Lactic Acid (PLA) parts, obtained by fused deposition modeling 3D printing, have low strength and poor plastic toughness, which limit their applications. In this paper, to focus on the fusion interface bonding properties, firstly, the nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) was modified by PLA to obtain a core-shell structure with PLA coating, afterward, the modified n-HA was coated on the surface of the PLA filament by the ultrasonic dipping method to obtain the PLA/n-HA composite filament. Secondly, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) software was used to calculate and analyze the flowing state and printing parameters of PLA/n-HA composites based on the rheological experimental results. Finally, the PLA/n-HA composite tensile samples were manufactured by fused deposition modeling 3D printing, and the tensile test was conducted. The results show that after numerical calculation, the optimized printing temperature and printing velocity of PLA/n-HA composite was 210°C and 90 mm/s, respectively. Meanwhile, the modified n-HA had good dispersibility in the PLA_5% n-HA composite filament (the modified n-HA content is 5%), therefore, the 3D printed parts manufactured by PLA_5% n-HA composite filament obtained the best modified n-HA distribution in the interlayers, and the best reinforcement of interlayer bonding was obtained reasonably.
Contamination Vulnerability Assessment of the Bambuí Karst Aquifer, in the Terra Ronca Region - Goiás, Brazil
Authors: Amaral Ana Karolyna Nunes , Silva Gisele Bispo , Rosa Lucas Espíndola , Cherem Luis Felipe Soares , Momoli Renata Santos , Zancopé Márcio Henrique de Campos
Published: October 2022

Karstic environments are characterized as areas of intense rock dissolution, which allows the generation of several typical features, such as sinkholes, resurgences, caves, and dolines. The spatial distribution of these features is of great importance to identify the contamination vulnerability of karst aquifers and serve as a basis for the application of assessment methods. This study aimed to identify and classify the areas vulnerable to underground contamination in the karstic region of the Terra Ronca State Park (PETeR) and its surroundings. The method chosen was the COP, which assesses the physical conditions of the environment (relief, lithology, soils, precipitation, karst features, and vegetation) to determine the areas naturally vulnerable to contamination. The analyses were performed in a GIS environment. The results indicated five categories of areas vulnerable to groundwater contamination: Very High to High (3.14%), Moderate (16.21%), and Low to Very Low (80.62%). The Terra Ronca State Park was the analysis unit with the highest vulnerability in the region (9.91%), due to the concentration of karstic features in the area. The acquired results aim to help in the underground water resources conservation as well as the speleological patrimony.
Control of Meloidogyne javanica with Pleurotus djamor spent mushroom substrate
Authors: Lopes Ana Daniela , Gomes Simone , Dias-Arieira Claudia Regina , Schwengber Raiane Pereira , Carpi Maria Claudia Guimarâes
Published: October 2022

Background
The interest in the development of ecologically correct products associated with the loss of efficiency of chemical nematicides for the control management of this pest is growing. Thus, the adoption of biological control or the use of biopesticides are excellent options for these products. Spent mushroom substrate (SMS), a product of the mushroom production industry, has great potential for biological control due to its high levels of mycelium, residual enzymes, high humidity and unique microbiota that may contain other nematode antagonists. For this reason, this study aimed to evaluate the potential of spent mushroom substrate (SMS) from Pleurotus djamor cultivation in the control of Meloidogyne javanica in lettuce and assess its effects on plant resistance enzymes and soil biological activity.
Results
SMS reduced nematode reproduction, and a plateau was reached at SMS concentrations above 15%. Higher concentrations of SMS caused phytotoxicity in lettuce, with reduction of vegetative variables, chlorophyll content and nitrogen balance in the leaves; however, SMS increases the anthocyanin content. Guaiacol peroxidase activity was highest in treatments containing 0% and 30% SMS and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase activity was highest in the 60% SMS treatment, suggesting induction of resistance to M. javanica. The maximum soil basal respiration was estimated to be achieved with 25.75% SMS, whereas the maximum soil metabolic quotient was estimated to be achieved with 8.8% SMS. Soil biomass carbon increased with increasing SMS proportion.
Conclusions
Spent substrate from P. djamor cultivation incorporated in soil at proportions of 15, 30, 45 e 60% is efficient in controlling M. javanica in lettuce.
A novel Sarcopenic Obesity Rat Model Based on Ageing and High-fat Diet
Authors: Zhu Huan , Sun Qianqian , Tang Huiyu , Chen Yanyu , Tan Ke , Xu Xu , Wang Shuang
Published: October 2022

Background
Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is defined as a combination of obesity and sarcopenia, leading to serious health consequences. However, lack of animal model has hampered research into this disorder.
Methods
Twelve-months-old male Sprague Dawley(SD) rats were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) from early to late adulthood, and their phenotypes were evaluated by determining age-related changes in muscle mass and strength, histopathology, HFD-induced adiposity, and metabolic parameter disturbances. The experimental animals results were compared with those obtained for two-month-old and twelve-month -old rats who were fed a standard diet.
Results
Aged non-obese rats (20 months, and fed standard diet) showed a decline in quadriceps cross-sectional area/body weight, forelimb grip strength, myofibre cross-sectional area and number, and intermyofibrillar mitochondria number(IFM), accompanied by increased myocyte apoptosis, without metabolic disorder. However, aged obese rats (20 months, and fed high-fat diet) exhibited increased visceral fat, remarkable glycolipid metabolic disorders, and insulin resistance, a more prominent loss of muscle mass and strength, accompanied with a more pronounced decline in myofibre number, IFM, increase in myocyte apoptosis.
Conclusion
Taken together, aged non-obese rats showed a typical sarcopenic phenotype with ageing. Obesity concomitant with sarcopenia aggravated the animal condition through visceral fat accumulation and insulin resistance. These results support the idea that the aged obese SD rat model represents certain features common with SO in humans and lays the foundation for further studies into the disorder.
Cahn-hilliard-navier-stokes Equations With Nonhomogeneous Boundary: Existence, Uniqueness, Regularity
Authors: BAG MANIKA , BISWAS TANIA , Dharmatti Sheetal
Published: October 2022

The evolution of two isothermal, incompressible, immisible fluids in a bounded domain is governed by Cahn-Hilliard-Navier-Stokes equations (CHNS System). In this work we study the well-posedness results for CHNS system with nonhomogeneous boundary condition for the velocity equation. We obtain existence of global weak solutions in the two dimensional bounded domain using semi Galerkin approximation. We further prove the continuous dependence of the solution on initial conditions and boundary data that will provide the uniqueness of the weak solution. The existence of strong solutions is also established in this work.
Mathematics Subject Classification (2020): 35A01, 35B65, 35Q35, 76D03, 76T06.
Immune checkpoints expression patterns predict prognosis and immune microenvironment remodeling in triple-negative breast cancer
Authors: Zhang Jinguo , Jin Hongwei , Pan Shuaikang , Han Chaoqiang , Sun Qingqing , Han Xinghua
Published: October 2022

Targeting immune checkpoint molecules holds great promise for triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). However, the expression landscape of immune checkpoint genes (ICGs) in TNBC remains largely unknown. Herein, we systematically investigated the ICGs expression patterns in 422 TNBC samples. Molecular typings based on the ICGs expression profiled were identified and the associations between ICGs molecular typing and tumor immune characteristics, clinical significance, and response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were further explored. We identified two ICGs clusters and two ICGs-related gene clusters, which were were involved in different survival outcomes, biological roles and infiltration levels of immune cells. We also established and ICGs Riskscore quantification system to assess the ICGs expression patterns for individuals. TNBC patients with lower ICGs Riskscore were characterized by increased immune cell infiltration, favorable clinical outcome and high sensitivity to ICIs therapy. We also developed a nomogram model combining clinicopathological variables to predict OS in TNBC and the proposed nomogram presents good performance. Genomic features analysis revealed that high ICGs-related riskscore group presented an increased tumor mutation burden compared with the low ICGs-related riskscore group. Collectively, dissecting the ICGs expression patterns not only provides a new insight of subtype of TNBC but also deepens the understanding of ICGs in tumor immune microenvironment.
Quality of Life Assessment in Intestinal Stoma Patients in the Saudi Population: A Cross- sectional Study
Authors: Alharbi Reem A. , Ahmad Nadeem , Alhedaithy Fatemah Yasser , Alnajim Majdoleen Dakhil N , Waheed Naima , Alessa Aisha A , Khedr Banan A , Aleissa Marriyam A
Published: October 2022

BACKGROUND
A stoma requires a patient's lifestyle modifications and mental adjustment. It may hinder certain Islamic rituals that new appliances might overcome. The study aimed at measuring the quality of life in the modern era of stoma care in patients with unique sociocultural characteristics.
METHODS
Patients with an intestinal stoma for > 3 weeks were included. A modified City of Hope QoL ostomy questionnaire was used with dichotomous scoring on a 0 to 10 scale; rated 0-3 as severe, 4-6 as moderate, and 7-10 as severe. Data were analyzed by student’s t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman’s correlation, and multivariate linear regression.
RESULTS
The response rate was 46%, with 108 patients responding. The mean age was 40.8 years, and the male-to-female ratio 1.2:1.
QoL score and that in physical and spiritual domains were 6. In the social domain, it was 7, and in the psychological, 5. The impact was severe in 2%, moderate in 61%, and minimal in 37%. Younger patients, women, and those with benign diseases or without a job had lower scores. 90% of the patients had difficulty performing religious activities, resulting in a lower score. Regression analysis showed dietary and religious factors, leak, foul odor, constipation/diarrhea, poor stoma site, depression, anxiety, and concerns for disease, future, or pouch problems as the significant quality of life predictors.
CONCLUSION
Stoma patients had multiple impediments to their life quality despite advances in stoma care. Among these, physical and religious issues were significant, but psychological factors were the leading ones. The findings indicate adopting a holistic approach to managing stoma patients to let them have fulfilling lives.
Improvement of Liquefaction Resistance and Stiffness of Sandy Soils Using Fiber and Cement
Authors: El-Zamel Ahmed , Altahrany Ayman , Elmeligy Mahmoud
Published: October 2022

Seismically induced liquefaction concerns natural deposits of both loose sands (Dr <50%) and fine silty sands, which can be present both in the subsoil and in the slopes at medium-low depths.
This research shows the effect of random polypropylene fibers and cement in improving the resistance to liquefaction and shear modulus of loose sand deposits. A Series of laboratory undrained cyclic strain-controlled triaxial tests and cyclic stresscontrolled triaxial tests has been conducted as per
ASTM D3999 and ASTM D5311. Cemented specimens were prepared with different cement contents up to 5% by mass of dry sand, then cured for different periods of time. The fibers were added to dry sand–cement mixtures with contents of 0%, 0.5%, and 1.0% by weight. It was found that the shear modulus and liquefaction resistance of specimens increased as the fiber content, fiber length and cement content increased. The addition of 1% polypropylene fiber(PF) to 5% cement (C)increased the shear modulus by 955.20%. The percentage of increase of shear modulus of specimens increases as the cell pressure increases. The duration of the curing period has a significant effect on the shear modulus of reinforced sand specimens. The relative density has a great effect on decreasing the generation of the excess pore water pressure.
Rufy3 regulates anti-bacterial responses by controlling endolysosomes perinuclear positioning in activated phagocytes.
Authors: Char Remy , Liu Zhuangzhuang , Davieau Marion , Jacqueline Cedric , Delgado Maria-Graciela , Chapuy Raphael , Fallet Mathieu , Chasson Lionel , Camosseto Voahirana , Strock Eva , Rua Rejane , Almeida Catarina , Su Bing , Lennon-Dumenil Ana-Maria , Roquilly Antoine , Liang Yinming , Méresse Stéphane , Gatti Evelina , pierre philippe
Published: October 2022

Endo-lysosomes transport along microtubules and clustering in the perinuclear area are two necessary steps for microbes to activate specialized phagocyte functions. We report that RUN and FYVE domain-containing protein 3 exists as two alternative isoforms distinguishable by the presence of a C-terminal FYVE domain and by their affinity for PtdIns(3)P on endosomal membranes. The FYVE domain-bearing isoform (iRUFY3) is preferentially expressed in immune cells and up-regulated upon activation by microbes and cytokines. iRUFY3 is necessary for ARL8b+/LAMP1+ endo-lysosomes positioning in the pericentriolar organelles cloud of LPS-activated macrophages. We show that iRUFY3 controls macrophages migration, MHC II presentation and responses to Interferon-γ while being required for Intracellular Salmonella replication. Specific inactivation of Rufy3 in phagocytes leads to aggravated pathologies in mouse upon LPS injection or bacterial pneumonia. This study highlights iRUFY3 function, as a novel modulator of immunity, controlling endo-lysosomes dynamics, and ultimately regulating the function of activated phagocytes.
The temporal positivity rate of SARS-CoV-2 in different clinical samples
Authors: Alemu Fekadu , Mulu Andargachew , Kebede Eyerusalem Solomon , Alemayehu Dawit Hailu , Seyoum Tamirayehu , Tefera Dessalegn Abeje , Assefa Gebeyehu , Tesfaye Abebech , Habte Anteneh , Bedada Gadissa , Tegene Birhanemeskel , Yeshambaw Melese , Wassie Liya , Mihret Adane , Abdissa Alemseged , Beyene Getachew Tesfaye
Published: October 2022

The aim of this study is to evaluate the diagnostic value of different clinical samples from humans such as blood/serum, stool, and urine as compared to the routinely used nasopharyngeal swab samples for the detection of SARS-CoV2 in COVID-19 patients. We followed COVID-19 patients for three weeks and collected samples on three occasions that is, on the day of admission to the hospital (Day zero), after one week (Day-8), and after the second week (Day-15). The data shows that on the day of the admission of the patients, NPS has a 64% positivity rate, followed by stool, urine, and serum, 38%, 18%, and 17%, respectively. And we observed a nearly similar pattern of positivity rate in the subsequent week’s samples.
A fast accurate artificial boundary condition for the Euler-Bernoulli beam
Authors: Zheng Zijun , Pang Gang
Published: October 2022

It is difficult to propose boundary conditions for the PDEs with higher order space derivatives like Euler-Bernoulli beam. In this paper we use a absorbing boundary condition method to solve the Cauchy problem for one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli beam with fast convolution boundary condition which is derived through the Padé approximation for the square root function. We also introduce a constant damping term to control the error between the resulting approximation Euler-Bernoulli system and the original one. Numerical examples verify the theoretical results and demonstrate the performance for the fast numerical method.
Chase and Escape Optimization Algorithm
Authors: Eesa Adel Sabry
Published: October 2022

This paper proposes a new optimization algorithm called Chase and Escape (CHE). The proposed CHE is based on a hunting strategy for a group of predators attacking a group of prey. The mathematical model of CHE algorithm is built on three phases. First, the predators begin by approaching and encircling the prey from all sides. The second phase is the attacking process, where the predator decides to attack the prey. Third, is the escape process, where the prey assesses the level of threat and decides whether to escape or remain in its alert zone. To assess the performance of the proposed algorithm, it is tested and evaluated on CEC-2017 benchmark functions, and its performance is compared to different cutting-edge optimization algorithms. Experimental results and Friedman mean rank test reveal that the proposed CHE outperforms the majority of the other algorithms. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm CHE is applied to four real-world engineering problems, and the results are compared with the state-of-the-art literature. The comparative results revealed that the proposed CHE algorithm is quite promising, producing better results than most of the similar recent work in the literature.
The test system for assessing the quality and effectiveness of the elements of the unified system used for responding to radiation emergencies
Authors: Gavrilov S. L. , Apanasyuk O. N. , Popov E. V. , Skorobogatov A. M. , Antonii E. V. , Shikin S. A. , Pimenov A. E. , Maslov S. Yu.
Published: October 2022

The test system for assessing the quality and effectiveness of the elements of the unified system used for responding to radiation emergencies (Test System) is part of the software package of the unified system for monitoring the safe life regime of the population of border areas, including exclusion and resettlement zones. It is designed to assess the quality and effectiveness of the elements of the unified system used for responding to radiation emergencies in the border areas of Bryansk region (Russia) and Gomel and Mogilev regions (Republic of Belarus) by testing the performance of its radiation monitoring subsystem and decision support subsystem. The quality of the system elements is assessed by the possibility of obtaining reliable data on changes in the radiation situation and the degree of operability of stationary radiation monitoring posts of the integrated system for monitoring the state of protection of the population, and its effectiveness – compliance with established standards for the transmission and processing of data for decision-making and transmitting emergency information to the competent authorities. The methods of mathematical modeling based on the emergency parameters and forest fire consequences modeling were used. In testing the quality and efficiency of the unified system, a report on the inspection of the radiation monitoring subsystem and the decision support subsystem is generated. It contains the following parameters: actual response time, standard response time; quality and efficiency indicators; assessments based on the testing results. The results were used in testing the subsystem for monitoring the radiation situation and the decision support subsystem used by the Main Directorate of the EMERCOM of Russia for Bryansk region.
Spontaneous coal combustion risks and risk indication methods
Authors: Timofeeva S. S. , Smirnov G. I.
Published: October 2022

Currently, despite the development of alternative technologies, the main source of energy is fossil fuels. A significant proportion of fossil fuels is solid fuels, which, along with the undoubted advantages, have a high fire hazard, including related to their ability to spontaneous combustion. The process of spontaneous combustion has not been sufficiently studied, and the methods of combating it are still far from perfect. Self-ignition has long been an object of scientific research, both in Russia and abroad. For a long time, Irkutsk National Research Technical University has been carrying out comprehensive studies of spontaneous combustion in coal deposits and objects of storage and consumption in Eastern Siberia, aimed at developing methods for early diagnosis and technologies for preventing spontaneous combustion. The article describes the main directions of research and the achievements of the Department of Promecology and Life Safety in this area.
The impact of liquidity on profitability – evidence of Vietnamese listed commercial banks
Authors: Quoc Thinh Tran , Xuan Thuy Le , Anh Tuan Dang
Published: October 2022

Profitability is a matter of concern for all economic organizations, including banks. The economic problem always poses for banks in maintaining growth and ensuring sustainable stability. Liquidity is always a concern of banks in maintaining profitability. The article aims to test the relationship between liquidity and profitability of Vietnamese listed banks. Data include 18 Vietnamese listed commercial banks for a period of 9 years from 2011 to 2019. The article uses the time series method with the ordinary least square. The results show that liquidity has a positive relationship with the profitability of listed banks including return on assets, return on equity, and net interest margin. As for net interest margin, the liquidity ratio of loans to deposit plus short-term borrowings and short-term bills payable has the opposite effect. To contribute to the stable and sustainable growth of the banking system, the article proposes the policies for the Vietnamese banking system by fully implementing the regulations on liquidity based on the Bank for International Settlements and should forecast the financial developments in the region and the world to have flexible responses to avoid uncertainties, as well as the need to form and maintain funds to timely support for liquidity in the entire banking system.