bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Thermal analysis of conventional and performance plain woven fabrics by finite element method
Authors: Siddiqui Muhammad Owais Raza , Sun Danmei
Published: October 2017

The research reports the development of geometrical models of woven fabric structures and evaluation of fabric thermal properties by using finite element method. A mesoscopic scale modelling approach was used to investigate the effective thermal conductivity and thermal resistance of woven textile structures. Various techniques, including scanning electron microscopy and experimental methods, have been adopted to obtain the actual three-dimensional parameters of the fabrics for finite element analysis. The research revealed that the thermal anisotropy of fibres, fibres material orientation and temperature-dependent thermal conductivity of fibre has a significant impact on the effective thermal conductivity of fabrics because experimental and simulated results were highly correlated with the consideration of above-mentioned factors.
Exercising Unilateral Discretion: Presidential Justifications of Unilateral Powers in a Shared Powers System
Authors: Rottinghaus Brandon
Published: October 2017

There is a puzzle in the literature on presidential unilateral power that, on one hand, presents executive orders as the outcome of presidential prerogative but on the other hand identifies delegated discretion as a limit to presidential action. To address this question, we examine the use of delegated authority in unilateral orders from 1951 to 2009 and relate these to the ideological underpinnings of the institutions delegating and overseeing the use of this discretion (Congress and the Court). Our findings indicate that presidents are likely to issue unilateral directives with more substantive discretion when ideologically farther away from either the medians in Congress or the Supreme Court, but more likely to scale back their use of discretion when both branches are jointly ideologically distant from the president. The results demonstrate support for both an assertive and restrained president when relying upon delegated authority to act unilaterally.
Efficacy and Safety of the Traditional Herbal Medicine, Gamiguibi-tang, in Patients With Cancer-Related Sleep Disturbance: A Prospective, Randomized, Wait-List-Controlled, Pilot Study
Authors: Lee Jee Young , Oh Hye Kyung , Ryu Han Sung , Yoon Sung Soo , Eo Wankyu , Yoon Seong Woo
Published: October 2017

Background: Sleep disturbance is the second most bothersome symptom in patients with cancer, and it can significantly impair their quality of life. The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and safety of the traditional herbal medicine Gamiguibi-tang (GGBT) in patients with cancer-related sleep disturbance. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, wait-list-controlled, open-label pilot clinical trial on cancer-related sleep disturbance. Patients with cancer experiencing poor sleep quality with a Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index of at least 6 were randomly assigned to the GGBT and wait-list groups to receive GGBT and conventional care, respectively, for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) score. Fatigue, depression, and cognitive impairment were assessed as the secondary endpoints by using the Brief Fatigue Inventory (BFI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). Results: Thirty participants who met the eligibility criteria were enrolled. Sleep disturbance assessed using the ISI improved significantly more in the GGBT group than in the wait-list group (−5.5 ± 4.4 vs 0.1 ± 1.1, P < .001). Fatigue level determined using the BFI also improved significantly more in the GGBT group than in the wait-list group (−0.8 ± 0.8 vs 0.0 ± 0.3, P = .002). The BDI and MoCA scores showed no significant changes. Adverse events were reported in two patients in the GGBT group and consisted of mild dyspepsia and mild edema. Conclusion: GGBT may be a potential treatment option for cancer-related sleep disturbance. Further research is needed to investigate the efficacy and safety of GGBT.
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Adolescent Delinquency in a High-Risk Sample
Authors: Fagan Abigail A. , Novak Abigail
Published: October 2017

Research shows that adverse events experienced during childhood (i.e., adverse childhood experiences [ACEs]) are problematic, but few studies have examined race differences in the prevalence and impact of ACEs on delinquency. This study investigated these relationships using prospective data from approximately 600 high-risk families in the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect. Ten ACEs were measured, five types of child maltreatment and five types of household dysfunction. White youth experienced a significantly greater number of ACEs (4.08) compared to Black youth (2.90) and a greater prevalence of seven individual ACEs. According to logistic regression analyses, the number of ACEs significantly increased the likelihood of self-reported alcohol use, marijuana use, violence (in some models), and arrest at age 16 among Blacks but not Whites; race differences were statistically significant for alcohol use, marijuana use, and arrest. The findings support the need for juvenile justice officials to recognize the trauma histories of youth offenders when determining appropriate treatment and sanctions.
Associations Between Sleep Deprivation and Salivary Testosterone Levels in Male University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study
Authors: Abu-Samak Mahmoud Suleiman , Mohammad Beisan Ali , Abu-Taha May Ibrahim , Hasoun Luai Zidan , Awwad Shady Helmi
Published: October 2017

Sleep deprivation is a common health problem that is growing rapidly worldwide and it is associated with short- and long-term impacts on health. The aim of this study was to detect potential predictors of salivary testosterone (sT) association with sleep deprivation in Arab male university students. In this prospective cohort study, 77 university male students in the age range of 18 to 26 years were divided into two groups, sleep-deprived (SD) participants and non-sleep-deprived (NSD) participants. Sleep deprivation was defined as sleeping less than 5 hr per night. Blood samples and sT were collected from fasting participants to measure serum levels of glucose, lipid profile, leptin, serotonin, sT, and body mass index (BMI) values. The multiple linear correlation model of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), BMI, and serotonin was positively correlated with sT ( r = .977, p < .05) in the SD group. No correlations were identified with sT in the NSD group. In the SD study group, the multiple linear regression model of HDL-C, BMI, and serotonin was significantly influenced by sT ( R² = .955, p < .05). These predictors together explained approximately 96% of the variance in sT levels in the SD study group. No predictive variables for sT were reported in the NSD group. Results indirectly confirmed the presence of a positive association between sT and sleep deprivation in young men. This association is mediated by three factors, HDL-C, BMI, and serum serotonin, which are collectively considered as part of a significant physiological adaptation to sleep deprivation in young men.
Systematizing coaches’ ‘eye for talent': Player assessments based on expert coaches’ subjective talent criteria in top-level youth soccer
Authors: Jokuschies Nina , Gut Vanessa , Conzelmann Achim
Published: October 2017

Although talent selection in professional soccer mainly relies on the subjective judgment of scouts and coaches, little is known to date about top-level soccer coaches’ conceptions of talent. Drawing on a constructivist approach, this mixed method study intends to give an in-depth insight into coaches’ subjective talent criteria and to investigate the validity and reliability of their player assessments based on these criteria. Five national youth soccer coaches were examined using semistructured inductive interviews and the repertory grid technique. The results reveal experienced soccer coaches’ subjective talent criteria and indicate the multidimensional nature of their concepts of talent. There is a high correlation (−.57 ≤ rs ≤ −.81) between the coaches’ assessment of their players based on their own talent criteria and their previous evaluation of these players’ overall potential, indicating criterion validity. Repeated evaluations of the players according to a coach’s talent criteria display an adequate test–retest reliability over a period of 10 weeks.
Are small-sided games an effective training methodology for improving fitness in hurling players? A comparative study of training methodologies
Authors: Malone Shane , Hughes Brian , Collins Kieran D
Published: October 2017

The current investigation compared the effects of specific small-sided games training versus generic continuous aerobic training on team sport related exercise performances. Forty-eight hurling players (age: 25 ± 6.4 years; height: 180.2 ± 20.4 cm; mass: 80.5 ± 3.2 kg; [Formula: see text]: 58.78 ± 3.05 ml·kg·min−1) completed either traditional continuous aerobic training ( n = 24) or team sport-specific small-sided game training ( n = 24), consisting of 4 × 4 min with 3-min active recovery periods completed twice per week. The following outcomes were measured at baseline (pre) and after 10 weeks (post): maximum oxygen uptake (ml·kg−1·min−1), running economy (ml·kg−1·min−1), maximal aerobic speed (km·h−1), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (m), Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (m), repeated sprint ability (RSA; s), linear sprint speed over 5, 10 and 20 m (s) and counter-movement jump performance (cm). Training load was quantified by heart rate and rating of perceived exertion during all training sessions with no significant difference between groups ( P = 0.12). Small-sided game ( P = 0.002; d = 1.72; likely beneficial) had a likely beneficial effect for improving running economy (ml·kg−1·min−1) in contrast to the unclear effect for continuous training ( P = 0.94; d = 0.21; unclear). Small-sided game ( P = 0.04; d = 0.80; likely beneficial) had a likely beneficial effect for changes in RSAb (s) and RSAt (s) with these being in contrast to the likely negative effect for continuous training on similar measures ( P = 0.12; d = −2.01; likely negative). Continuous training had a trivial ( P = 0.72; d = 0.30; trivial) effect on Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 1 (m) performance in contrast to the likely beneficial effect seen for small-sided game ( P = 0.002; d = 1.72; likely beneficial). Small-sided game ( P = 0.001; d = 1.69; likely beneficial) resulted in a likely beneficial effect for Yo-Yo intermittent recovery test level 2 (m) performance with a likely negative effect for continuous training ( P = 0.004; d = −2.40; likely negative). The current study suggests that small-sided games are a time efficient and effective method of improving fitness characteristics within hurling cohorts.
Effect of arrow shaft straightness on arrow grouping
Authors: Park James L , Aitchison Patrick J , Bielby Adam J , Bleakley Vincent , Carberry Trent P , Ellis Richard M , Kerner Richard D , MacDonald Andrew D , Oosthuizen Danie , Pankhurst Scott B , Psarakis Konstantinos
Published: October 2017

Arrows are available in various straightness grades. Their grouping ability as the straightness varied was assessed using a compound bow and shooting machine. The research showed that archers would benefit from selecting arrows with the highest straightness grades (as might be expected). In addition, nock selection was determined to significantly impact group size. The fletches needed to be set at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the arrow shaft in order to have the arrows spin while in free flight, as that further reduced the group size.
Faces Tell Everything in a Just and Biologically Determined World: Lay Theories Behind Face Reading
Authors: Suzuki Atsunobu , Tsukamoto Saori , Takahashi Yusuke
Published: October 2017

The present research investigated an often presumed but rarely assessed construct named the physiognomic belief—a generic belief that various traits can be inferred from faces. Studies in Japan and the United States have demonstrated that this belief can be measured reliably and invariantly across cultures and that those having stronger beliefs make more extreme trait inferences from faces. Of note, in both countries, the physiognomic belief is positively associated with a biologically deterministic view of personality traits and a belief in a just world. These findings suggest two types of naive justifications for the physiognomic belief: faces and traits should be related because they are both manifestations of biological essences and because the world is an orderly place wherein people get faces they deserve. This highlights an understudied role of folk concepts involving faces and traits in the popularity of face-based trait inference among laypeople.
Epidural analgesia in a paediatric teaching hospital: Trends, developments, and a brief review of literature
Authors: Wong Jolin , Lim Serene Siu Tin
Published: October 2017

Introduction:

Continuous epidural analgesia has proven to be a good tool in the anaesthetist’s quest to provide excellent pain relief for an extended perioperative period. Pharmaceutical advances provide us with a larger array of both local anaesthetic (LA) drugs and additives that can prolong the duration or enhance the quality of analgesia, or both. The avoidance of LA toxicity is of paramount importance for safe prescription, especially in the high-risk neonatal and infant cohort, and all patients stand to benefit from ‘safer’ LA agents and adjuvants that promote the use of a lowered concentration of epidural LA infusions. We present a descriptive review of trends in epidural prescription and technique in our hospital.

Methods:

Our observational study was conducted over a period of 19 years in a tertiary paediatric teaching hospital. Prospectively collected data that included patient demographics, level of epidural catheter insertion, LA drugs and adjuvants used, as well as postoperative infusion rates, were then analysed retrospectively.

Results:

There was a decline in the use of paediatric epidural analgesia. Over the study period, we also observed a shift in preference of LAs and adjuvant drugs toward safer alternatives.

Conclusion:

Paediatric epidural analgesia is gradually being superseded by other analgesic modalities with superior safety profiles (e.g. peripheral neural blockade). However, indications remain for its continued use, and anaesthetists should be familiar with its technical aspects and pitfalls.
The role of oral anticoagulant therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Moon Jae Youn , Nagaraju Deepa , Franchi Francesco , Rollini Fabiana , Angiolillo Dominick J.
Published: October 2017

Dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor antagonist represents the current standard of care to prevent atherothrombotic recurrences in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, despite the use of DAPT, the recurrence rate of cardiovascular ischemic events still remains high. This persistent risk may be in part attributed to the sustained activation of the coagulation cascade leading to generation of thrombin, which may continue to play a key role in thrombus formation. The use of vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) as a strategy to reduce atherothrombotic recurrences after an ACS has been previously tested, leading to overall unfavorable outcomes due to the high risk of bleeding complications. The recent introduction of non-VKA oral anticoagulants (NOACs), characterized by a better safety profile and ease of use compared with VKA, has led to a reappraisal of the use of oral anticoagulant therapy for secondary prevention in ACS patients. The present article provides an overview of the rationale and prognostic role of oral anticoagulant therapy in ACS patients as well as recent updated clinical data, in particular with NOACs, in the field and future perspectives on this topic.
Evaluating High Performance the Evidence-Based Way: The Case of the Swagelok Transformers
Authors: de Waal André
Published: October 2017

Many of the publications on achieving high performance have been written by North American researchers and consultants, and the case companies they described originate mainly from the United States. However, there is a lack of long-term studies that subject the described techniques to rigorous evidence-based management research in North American companies, to test the ideas in practice over a period of time to evaluate their relevance to managerial practice. In this article, we evaluate the high performance organization (HPO) Framework, a scientifically validated technique for helping organizations become high performing, in the North American context. This framework evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of the internal organization of a company, using a questionnaire. This questionnaire was applied in 2013 at seven Swagelok locations in the United States and Canada. From the questionnaire improvement opportunities were identified on which the locations subsequently worked. In 2015, the questionnaire was repeated to evaluate the effects of these improvements on the locations’ performance and to identify the most effective interventions. The study results show that the application of the HPO Framework had different outcomes depending on local circumstances. Some locations experienced a growth while other locations used the framework to battle the consequences of adverse economic circumstances. All locations agreed that the HPO Framework had been instrumental, in a positive way, to the development of their organization and its people.
High Power Kick
Authors: Bell Travis R. , Coche Roxane
Published: October 2017

The 2015 Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) Women’s World Cup final, won by the United States women’s national team (USWNT), was the most-watched soccer match (men or women) in U.S. history. This quantitative content analysis examined 491 American newspaper front pages published on July 6, 2015, the day after the USWNT win. Results discuss newspapers that placed the story on their front pages (81%) and those that didn’t (19%). The significant coverage of the victory indicates a small step toward improvement of a stereotypical (lack of) media representation for female athletes. However, newspapers that omitted USWNT coverage are remnants of what scholarly literature pointed toward for years: Media put more emphasis on men’s sports, regardless of level of play, than they do on women’s sports.
Evaluation of a Frequency-Lowering Algorithm for Adults With High-Frequency Hearing Loss
Authors: Salorio-Corbetto Marina , Baer Thomas , Moore Brian C. J.
Published: October 2017

The objective was to determine the effects of a frequency-lowering algorithm (frequency composition, Fcomp) on consonant identification, word-final /s, z/ detection, the intelligibility of sentences in noise, and subjective benefit, for people with high-frequency hearing loss, including people with dead regions (DRs) in the cochlea. A single-blind randomized crossover design was used. Performance with Bernafon Acriva 9 hearing aids was compared with Fcomp off and Fcomp on. Participants wore the hearing aids in each condition in a counterbalanced order. Data were collected after at least 8 weeks of experience with a condition. Outcome measures were audibility, scores from the speech perception tests, and scores from a questionnaire comparing self-perceived hearing ability with Fcomp off and Fcomp on. Ten adults with mild to severe high-frequency hearing loss (seven with extensive DRs, one with patchy or restricted DRs, and two with no DR) were tested. Fcomp improved the audibility of high-frequency sounds for 6 out of 10 participants. There was no overall effect of Fcomp on consonant identification, but the pattern of consonant confusions varied across conditions and participants. For word-final /s, z/ detection, performance was significantly better with Fcomp on than with Fcomp off. Questionnaire scores showed no differences between conditions. In summary, Fcomp improved word-final /s, z/ detection. No benefit was found for the other measures.
Frontline brentuximab vedotin in combination with dacarbazine or bendamustine in patients aged ≥60 years with HL
Authors: Friedberg Jonathan W. , Forero-Torres Andres , Bordoni Rodolfo E. , Cline Vivian J. M. , Patel Donnelly Dipti , Flynn Patrick J. , Olsen Gregg , Chen Robert , Fong Abraham , Wang Yinghui , Yasenchak Christopher A.
Published: October 2017

Key Points

BV plus DTIC is an active and well-tolerated combination for patients aged ≥60 years with HL. Although highly active at the doses evaluated, BV plus bendamustine has unacceptable toxicity in patients aged ≥60 years with HL.
Fertility differential of women in Bangladesh demographic and health survey 2014
Authors: Roy Shongkour , Hossain Sharif Mohammed Ismail
Published: October 2017

Background

The aim of this study was to examine the fertility differential of women age 15 to 49 using data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2014- a survey of women who were born from 1963 to 1999.

Methods

The secondary data analysis was carried out using the BDHS 2014 in order to discuss differences in childbearing practices in Bangladesh. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data including education level, geographic location, and religion. A trend test used to assess the inferences.

Results

On average, women had 2.3 children in the BDHS 2014; more than 90% of them gave birth to at least one child by age 49 and the average age of first birth was 18 years. Fertility of women strongly differed by education (p < 0.001). The percentage of women with secondary education who had no child was 50.3% and never attended school 8.4%;those with secondary education were six times as likely as those who never attended school to have no child and this pattern was stronger among urban compared with rural women.

Conclusions

Fertility differential becomes robust as education increases. Women’s fertility is also related to religion and residence, but these factors were not strongly related as those educational attainments.
Topical antimicrobial agents for pediatric burns
Authors: Cartotto Robert
Published: October 2017

While topical antimicrobial agents are indicated for most if not all burn wounds, the choice of a topical agent must consider many factors such as the wound depth, anticipated time to healing, need for surgical intervention, and the known cytotoxicity of the agent. Especially relevant to the pediatric burn patient are the antimicrobial agent’s properties related to causing pain or irritation and the required frequency of application and dressings. This article will discuss the general principles surrounding the use of topical antimicrobials on burn wounds and will review the most common agents currently in use.
Factors That Contributed to Black-White Disparities in Survival Among Nonelderly Women With Breast Cancer Between 2004 and 2013
Authors: Jemal Ahmedin , Robbins Anthony S. , Lin Chun Chieh , Flanders W. Dana , DeSantis Carol E. , Ward Elizabeth M. , Freedman Rachel A.
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To estimate the contribution of differences in demographics, comorbidity, insurance, tumor characteristics, and treatment to the overall mortality disparity between nonelderly black and white women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer.

Patients and Methods

Excess relative risk of all-cause death in black versus white women diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer, expressed as a percentage and stratified by hormone receptor status for each variable (demographics, comorbidity, insurance, tumor characteristics, and treatment) in sequentially, propensity-scored, optimally matched patients by using multivariable hazard ratios (HRs).

Results

We identified 563,497 white and black women 18 to 64 years of age diagnosed with stage I to III breast cancer from 2004 to 2013 in the National Cancer Data Base. Among women with hormone receptor–positive disease, who represented 78.5% of all patients, the HR for death in black versus white women in the demographics-matched model was 2.05 (95% CI, 1.94 to 2.17). The HR decreased to 1.93 (95% CI, 1.83 to 2.04), 1.54 (95% CI, 1.47 to 1.62), 1.30 (95% CI, 1.24 to 1.36), and 1.25 (95% CI, 1.19 to 1.31) when sequentially matched for comorbidity, insurance, tumor characteristics, and treatment, respectively. These factors combined accounted for 76.3% of the total excess risk of death in black patients; insurance accounted for 37.0% of the total excess, followed by tumor characteristics (23.2%), comorbidities (11.3%), and treatment (4.8%). Results generally were similar among women with hormone receptor–negative disease, although the HRs were substantially smaller.

Conclusion

Matching by insurance explained one third of the excess risk of death among nonelderly black versus white women diagnosed with early-stage breast cancer; matching by tumor characteristics explained approximately one fifth of the excess risk. Efforts to focus on equalization of access to care could substantially reduce ethnic/racial disparities in overall survival among nonelderly women diagnosed with breast cancer.
Role of Bone-Modifying Agents in Metastatic Breast Cancer: An American Society of Clinical Oncology–Cancer Care Ontario Focused Guideline Update
Authors: Van Poznak Catherine , Somerfield Mark R. , Barlow William E. , Biermann J. Sybil , Bosserman Linda D. , Clemons Mark J. , Dhesy-Thind Sukhbinder K. , Dillmon Melissa S. , Eisen Andrea , Frank Elizabeth S. , Jagsi Reshma , Jimenez Rachel , Theriault Richard L. , Vandenberg Theodore A. , Yee Gary C. , Moy Beverly
Published: October 2017

Purpose

To update, in collaboration with Cancer Care Ontario (CCO), key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) guideline on the role of bone-modifying agents (BMAs) in metastatic breast cancer. This focused update addressed the new data on intervals between dosing and the role of BMAs in control of bone pain.

Methods

A joint ASCO-CCO Update Committee conducted targeted systematic literature reviews to identify relevant studies.

Results

The Update Committee reviewed three phase III noninferiority trials of dosing intervals, one systematic review and meta-analysis of studies of de-escalation of BMAs, and two randomized trials of BMAs in control of pain secondary to bone metastases.

Recommendations

Patients with breast cancer who have evidence of bone metastases should be treated with BMAs. Options include denosumab, 120 mg subcutaneously, every 4 weeks; pamidronate, 90 mg intravenously, every 3 to 4 weeks; or zoledronic acid, 4 mg intravenously every 12 weeks or every 3 to 4 weeks. The analgesic effects of BMAs are modest, and they should not be used alone for bone pain. The Update Committee recommends that the current standard of care for supportive care and pain management—analgesia, adjunct therapies, radiotherapy, surgery, systemic anticancer therapy, and referral to supportive care and pain management—be applied. Evidence is insufficient to support the use of one BMA over another. Additional information is available at www.asco.org/breast-cancer-guidelines and www.asco.org/guidelineswiki .
Role of Kindness in Cancer Care
Authors: Berry Leonard L. , Danaher Tracey S. , Chapman Robert A. , Awdish Rana L.A.
Published: October 2017

The wonders of high-tech cancer care are best complemented by the humanity of high-touch care. Simple kindnesses can help to diffuse negative emotions that are associated with cancer diagnosis and treatment—and may even help to improve patients’ outcomes. On the basis of our experience in cancer care and research, we propose six types of kindness in cancer care: deep listening , whereby clinicians take the time to truly understand the needs and concerns of patients and their families; empathy for the patient with cancer, expressed by both individual clinicians and the care culture, that seeks to prevent avoidable suffering; generous acts of discretionary effort that go beyond what patients and families expect from a care team; timely care that is delivered by using a variety of tools and systems that reduce stress and anxiety; gentle honesty, whereby the truth is conveyed directly in well-chosen, guiding words; and support for family caregivers, whose physical and mental well-being are vital components of the care their loved ones receive. These mutually reinforcing manifestations of kindness—exhibited by self-aware clinicians who understand that how care is delivered matters—constitute a powerful and practical way to temper the emotional turmoil of cancer for patients, their families, and clinicians themselves.
Terrorist Attacks on the Energy Sector: A Strategic Instrument of the Islamic State in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Tichý Lukáš
Published: October 2017

This essay focuses on the global terrorist and militant group the Islamic State (IS), specifically on its use of terrorism targeting the energy sector as a strategic political instrument in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) in 2014–16. The essay has two main thrusts. First, it analyzes the importance that the IS attributes to energy in general and, more specifically, to the strategy of terrorist attacks targeting the energy sector. Second, the essay describes examples, goals, and motives of terrorist attacks on the energy sector and the accompanying criminal activities conducted by the IS in selected MENA countries.
A Novel Approach to Teaching a Long Poem
Authors: Behrendt Stephen
Published: October 2017

Caroline Bowles's long narrative poem Ellen Fitzarthur (1820) offers a seduction tale reminiscent of Amelia Opie's The Father and Daughter (1801), tracing the seduction of a cloistered young woman by an unscrupulous military sailor taken in by Ellen's widower father after a shipwreck. Deceived by the sailor, Ellen follows him but is abandoned, pregnant, and subsequently travels home with her infant daughter, arriving repentant and exhausted at her ancestral home after a long and difficult journey. There she discovers her recently deceased father's grave, upon which she dies in shock, leaving her daughter to be taken in by the family of a villager who turns out to be Ellen's foster brother. Pairing Bowles's poem with Opie's novel allows students to explore the roles of genre (and generic conventions) in the presentation of similar tales and to examine both the technical and the aesthetic effects and consequences of authorial choices grounded in these different literary genres.
Loosening Our Tongues
Authors: Islam Maimuna
Published: October 2017

The creative writing program through its theory, pedagogy, and praxis in workshops has resisted the inclusion of lived experiences of politically active radical minorities. To mitigate some of these exclusions, I restructured a traditional workshop to integrate critical race studies by including nonwhite writer-activists and writer-centered social movements countering dominant white discourses.
Blank Spaces, Full of Mourning
Authors: Lankewish Vincent A.
Published: October 2017

This essay compares and contrasts the first edition of In Memoriam, Tennyson's elegy for his friend Arthur Henry Hallam published in 1850, with more recent editions that distort the original by dramatically compressing the text to fit it onto fewer pages. In this light, I consider the negative impact that such editorial choices may have on students reading the poem for the first time and the benefits of presenting them with the text in the format first encountered by Victorian readers (accessible today thanks to the British Library). The blank space following many of In Memoriam's 131 lyric sections is an integral part of the mourning process that Tennyson unfolds before us. Relatedly, I describe my multiple attempts to teach the poem to undergraduates, as well as a talk on this topic that I gave on a pedagogy panel at the Northeast Victorian Studies Association's 2000 conference, “Victorian Breakdowns.”
Synthesis and Structural Features of a Lithium Borate Derived from 2,2-Dipropylglycolic Acid
Authors: Oishi Masataka , Kajiwara Meisetsu
Published: October 2017

In this work, the synthesis and solid-state structure of a lithium borate with 2,2-dipropylglycolato (GlyPr2) ligand has been described. The desired lithium borate as well as previously reported borates with methyllactato (ML) and mandelate (Man) ligands could be synthesized rapidly and cleanly by using LiBH4 as a reagent in THF. The solid-state structures of the THF- and glyme-solvates of LiB(GlyPr2)2 (3 and 4) were determined by XRD analysis. Both these structures, except DME-solvate 4a, have one dimensional aggregate (AGG) form (1D-chain) that contains a µ2-borate fragment. In contrast, the THF-solvates with other borates derived from MLH2 and (S)-ManH2 (1 and 2) are less soluble in THF and have tighter AGG (2D-layer) with the µ3-borate fragment in the solid state.
Socioeconomic disparities in income, education and geographic location for hypertension among Thai adults: Results from the National Socioeconomic Survey
Authors: Singsalasang Atthawit , Laohasiriwong Wongsa , Puttanapong Nattapong , Phajan Teerasak , Boonyaleephan Suwanna
Published: October 2017

Background: Hypertension (HT) has been one of the leading global risk factors for health and the leading cause of death in Thailand for decades. The influence of socioeconomic factors on HT has been varied and inconclusive. The aim of this study was to determine the association between socioeconomic determinants and HT in Thailand.

Methods: This study used data from the National Socioeconomic Survey, a cross-sectional study that was conducted by the National Statistical Office of Thailand in the years 2005, 2006 and 2007. In our analysis, data were collected on gender, age, marital status, smoking status, education, status of work, occupation, current liability (short-term debt), household monthly income, residential area, region and previously diagnosed HT by a physician.

Results: The odds of having HT were significantly higher among those who had household monthly income, education, residential area and region. The participants who had monthly income of <10001 baht (2005: AOR = 3.19, 95%CI:1.47 - 6.92; 2006: AOR 2.53, 95%CI:1.37 - 4.69; 2007: AOR = 3.35, 95%CI: 1.97 - 7.00), were living in Bangkok compared with the Northeast region (2005: AOR = 1.72, 95%CI:1.37 - 2.17; 2006: AOR =  2.44, 95%CI: 1.89 - 3.13; 2007: AOR =  2.63, 95%CI 2.08 - 3.45), lived as an urban resident (2005: AOR= 1.32, 95%CI: 1.12 - 1.56; 2006: AOR= 1.21, 95%CI: 1.02 - 1.43; 2007: AOR= 1.47, 95%CI: 1.18 - 1.62), and finished primary education (2005: AOR =1.21, 95%CI: 1.03 - 1.43; 2006: AOR= 1.23, 95%CI: 1.04 - 1.46; 2007: AOR= 1.18, 95%CI: 1.01 - 1.38) when controlling for other covariates.

Conclusion: This study indicated that socioeconomic disparity has an influence on HT. Those with low educational attainment, low income, lived in urban regions, and were metropolitan residents (Bangkok) were vulnerable to HT.
Nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan: A cross-sectional study
Authors: Mahgoub Hyder M. , Fadlelseed Omar E. , Khamis Ammar H. , Bilal Jalal A. , Adam Ishag
Published: October 2017

Background: Adolescents, especially girls, are susceptible to malnutrition and their diet must be adequate to support their very rapid growth and development. Currently, there is little published data on the nutritional state amongst adolescent girls in Sudan.

Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted to assess the nutritional and micronutrient status of adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan during the period of January-February 2015. Weight and height were measured using standard methods. Haemoglobin and ferritin levels were measured using blood samples, and blood films for malaria and stool samples for Schistosoma mansoni were investigated. Nutritional status was assessed according to the WHO 2006 reference values. Copper and zinc concentrations were measured by atomic absorption.

Results: Twenty-five (13.7%) out of 183 girls were stunted. Seventy (38.3%) were thin; 17.5, 9.3 and 11.5% had mild, moderate and severe thinness, respectively. Only 10 (5.5%) and six (3.3%) girls were overweight and obese, respectively. The prevalence of anaemia was 77.0%. While there was no significant difference in the haemoglobin, ferritin, copper levels and thinness; thin children had significantly lower zinc (P=0.007).

Conclusions: There is a high rate of stunting, thinness and anaemia among adolescent schoolgirls in eastern Sudan. More care has to be taken in order to provide a better nutrition status in the area.
A Concise Tool for Measuring Care Coordination from the Provider's Perspective in the Hospital Setting
Authors: Weston Christine M. , Yune Sehyo , Bass Eric B. , Berkowitz Scott A. , Brotman Daniel J. , Deutschendorf Amy , Howell Eric E. , Richardson Melissa B. , Sylvester Carol , Wu Albert W.
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

To support hospital efforts to improve coordination of care, a tool is needed to evaluate care coordination from the perspective of inpatient healthcare professionals.

OBJECTIVES

To develop a concise tool for assessing care coordination in hospital units from the perspective of healthcare professionals, and to assess the performance of the tool in measuring dimensions of care coordination in 2 hospitals after implementation of a care coordination initiative.

METHODS

We developed a survey consisting of 12 specific items and 1 global item to measure provider perceptions of care coordination across a variety of domains, including teamwork and communication, handoffs, transitions, and patient engagement. The questionnaire was distributed online between October 2015 and January 2016 to nurses, physicians, social workers, case managers, and other professionals in 2 tertiary care hospitals.

RESULTS

A total of 841 inpatient care professionals completed the survey (response rate = 56.6%). Among respondents, 590 (75%) were nurses and 37 (4.7%) were physicians. Exploratory factor analysis revealed 4 subscales: (1) Teamwork, (2) Patient Engagement, (3) Handoffs, and (4) Transitions (Cronbach's alpha 0.84‐0.90). Scores were fairly consistent for 3 subscales but were lower for patient engagement. There were minor differences in scores by profession, department, and hospital.

CONCLUSION

The new tool measures 4 important aspects of inpatient care coordination with evidence for internal consistency and construct validity, indicating that the tool can be used in monitoring, evaluating, and planning care coordination activities in hospital settings.
Post‐Intensive Care Unit Psychiatric Comorbidity and Quality of Life
Authors: Wang Sophia , Mosher Chris , Perkins Anthony J. , Gao Sujuan , Lasiter Sue , Khan Sikandar , Boustani Malaz , Khan Babar
Published: October 2017

The prevalence of psychiatric symptoms ranges from 17% to 44% in intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. The relationship between the comorbidity of psychiatric symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in ICU survivors has not been carefully examined. This study examined the relationship between psychiatric comorbidities and QoL in 58 survivors of ICU delirium. Patients completed 3 psychiatric screens at 3 months after discharge from the hospital, including the Patient Health Questionnaire‐9 (PHQ‐9) for depression, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7 (GAD‐7) questionnaire for anxiety, and the Post‐Traumatic Stress Syndrome (PTSS‐10) questionnaire for posttraumatic stress disorder. Patients with 3 positive screens (PHQ‐9 ≥ 10; GAD‐7 ≥ 10; and PTSS‐10 > 35) comprised the high psychiatric comorbidity group. Patients with 1 to 2 positive screens were labeled the low to moderate (low‐moderate) psychiatric comorbidity group. Patients with 3 negative screens were labeled the no psychiatric morbidity group. Thirty‐one percent of patients met the criteria for high psychiatric comorbidity. After adjusting for age, gender, Charlson Comorbidity Index, discharge status, and prior history of depression and anxiety, patients who had high psychiatric comorbidity were more likely to have a poorer QoL compared with the low‐moderate comorbidity and no morbidity groups, as measured by a lower EuroQol 5 dimensions questionnaire 3‐level Index (no, 0.69 ± 0.25; low‐moderate, 0.70 ± 0.19; high, 0.48 ± 0.24; P = 0.017). Future studies should confirm these findings and examine whether survivors of ICU delirium with high psychiatric comorbidity have different treatment needs from survivors with lower psychiatric comorbidity.
Optimizing the Profitability and Quality of Service in Carshare Systems Under Demand Uncertainty
Authors: Lu Mengshi , Chen Zhihao , Shen Siqian
Published: October 2017

Carsharing has been considered as an effective means to increase mobility and reduce personal vehicle usage and related carbon emissions. In this paper, we consider problems of allocating a carshare fleet to service zones under uncertain one-way and round-trip rental demand. We employ a two-stage stochastic integer programming model, in the first stage of which we allocate shared vehicle fleet and purchase parking lots or permits in reservation-based or free-floating systems. In the second stage, we generate a finite set of samples to represent demand uncertainty and construct a spatial–temporal network for each sample to model vehicle movement and the corresponding rental revenue, operating cost, and penalties from unserved demand. We minimize the expected total costs minus profit and develop branch-and-cut algorithms with mixed-integer, rounding-enhanced Benders cuts, which can significantly improve computation efficiency when implemented in parallel computing. We apply our model to a data set of Zipcar in the Boston–Cambridge, Massachusetts, area to demonstrate the efficacy of our approaches and draw insights on carshare management. Our results show that exogenously given one-way demand can increase carshare profitability under given one-way and round-trip price differences and vehicle relocation cost whereas endogenously generated one-way demand as a result of pricing and strategic customer behavior may decrease carshare profitability. Our model can also be applied in a rolling-horizon framework to deliver optimized vehicle relocation decisions and achieve significant improvement over an intuitive fleet-rebalancing policy.

The online appendix is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/msom.2017.0644 .
Deactivated CRISPR Associated Protein 9 for Minor-Allele Enrichment in Cell-Free DNA
Authors: Aalipour Amin , Dudley Jonathan C , Park Seung-min , Murty Surya , Chabon Jacob J , Boyle Evan A , Diehn Maximilian , Gambhir Sanjiv S
Published: October 2017

BACKGROUND

Cell-free DNA (cfDNA) diagnostics are emerging as a new paradigm of disease monitoring and therapy management. The clinical utility of these diagnostics is relatively limited by a low signal-to-noise ratio, such as with low allele frequency (AF) mutations in cancer. While enriching for rare alleles to increase their AF before sample analysis is one strategy that can greatly improve detection capability, current methods are limited in their generalizability, ease of use, and applicability to point mutations.

METHODS

Leveraging the robust single-base-pair specificity and generalizability of the CRISPR associated protein 9 (Cas9) system, we developed a deactivated Cas9 (dCas9)-based method of minor-allele enrichment capable of efficient single-target and multiplexed enrichment. The dCas9 protein was complexed with single guide RNAs targeted to mutations of interest and incubated with cfDNA samples containing mutant strands at low abundance. Mutation-bound dCas9 complexes were isolated, dissociated, and the captured DNA purified for downstream use.

RESULTS

Targeting the 3 most common epidermal growth factor receptor mutations (exon 19 deletion, T790M, L858R) found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), we achieved >20-fold increases in AF and detected mutations by use of qPCR at an AF of 0.1%. In a cohort of 18 NSCLC patient-derived cfDNA samples, our method enabled detection of 8 out of 13 mutations that were otherwise undetected by qPCR.

CONCLUSIONS

The dCas9 method provides an important application of the CRISPR/Cas9 system outside the realm of genome editing and can provide a step forward for the detection capability of cfDNA diagnostics.
A Design Case Featuring the Graduate Design Studio at Indiana University Bloomington’s Human-Computer Interaction Design Program
Authors: Callison Matthew
Published: October 2017

In this article the author illustrates the design of a physical space that was created to serve as a performance intervention for graduate students in the Human-Computer Interaction Design (HCId) program in the School of Informatics, Indiana University Bloomington. Opened in Fall 2010, the HCId Graduate Design Studio was designed to help facilitate collaboration between students and faculty in the HCId Program. An effort was made to document the Studio and students working in the Studio over an extended period of time. The author visited the Design Studio a minimum of ten times between late January and late April 2011. Visits were conducted on different days of the week (Monday - Friday) and at different times of the day to capture a variety of students and activity level in the Studio. In order to gain a perspective on the two distinct groups of students who utilize the Studio, interviews of graduate students from both the HCId Master of Science and Doctoral program were conducted. In addition interviews were conducted of two other important stakeholders, the HCId Program Director and the Director of Facilities for the School of Informatics, both of whom were heavily involved in the design of the Studio. Through faculty and student interviews, text descriptions, photographs, and audio and video recordings this article addresses the design features and their impact, both successful and unsuccessful, on student and faculty collaboration of the HCId Graduate Design Studio.
The IICC Project: Integration–Insight–Creativity–Character
Authors: Rowland Gordon , Hamilton Jason , Morales Meghan
Published: October 2017

In March 2009, the president of Ithaca College issued a challenge to faculty and staff to step outside of their disciplinary expertise to create means for students to make connections across academic fields. The design team directly addressed this challenge by proposing four one-credit mini-courses, based on a series of learning activities that revolved around systems thinking and design. Our project was accepted and serves as an example of a formal design inquiry with a systems approach at multiple levels. In this design case, we describe the project history, the course designs, the many issues we have faced, and how we have made design decisions.
Visualizing the Past: The Design of a Temporally Enabled Map for Presentation (TEMPO)
Authors: Prestopnik Nathan , Foley Alan R.
Published: October 2017

We present a design case for a prototype visualization tool called the Temporally Enabled Map for Presentation (TEMPO). Designed for use in the lecture classroom, TEMPO is an interactive animated map that addressed a common problem in military history: the shortcomings of traditional static (non-interactive, non-animated) maps. Static maps show spatial elements well, but cannot do more than approximate temporal events using multiple views, movement arrows, and the like. TEMPO provides a more complete view of past historical events by showing them from start to finish. In our design case we describe our development process, which included consultation with military history domain experts, classroom observations, application of techniques derived from visualization and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) literature and theory. Our design case shows how the design of an educational tool can motivate scholarly evaluation, and we describe how some theories were first embraced and then rejected as design circumstances required. Finally, we explore a future direction for TEMPO, tools to support creative interactions with visualizations where students or instructors can learn by visualizing historical events for themselves. A working version of the finished TEMPO artifact is included as an interactive element in this document.