bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
RECTANGULAR MICROSTRIP ANTENNA USING AIR-COUPLED PARASITIC PATCHES FOR BANDWIDTH IMPROVEMENT
Authors: GADAG MAHESH M. , SHAIKH LUBNA F. , AAHALADIKA KUMARI , KUMAR KUNDAN
Published: January 2021

Microstrip antennas are becoming increasingly useful these days as they can be printed directly on a circuit board. They are relatively inexpensive to manufacture and design because of the simple 2-dimensional physical geometry. This is a key feature of microstrip antenna to be used in wireless communication field. Thus bandwidth and gain improvement have become major design consideration for practical application of microstrip antennas. The purpose of this paper is to design a rectangular microstrip antenna with parasitic side patches using air coupling. IE3D simulation software is used for simulation and a comparison is made between the basic patch antenna and improved patch antennas.
Fontes de estresse no trabalho em formadores de um Instituto de Ciências de Saúde em Moçambique
Authors: Abacar Mussa , Aliante Gildo , Salé Maria da Conceição
Published: January 2021

O estresse no trabalho constitui um dos problemas que afeta a maioria dos trabalhadores a nível global em diferentes áreas profissionais. Este estudo objetivou explorar as fontes de estresse em formadores de um Instituto de Ciências de Saúde em Moçambique. Trata-se de pesquisa exploratória, de natureza qualitativa. Utilizando o critério de saturação empírica, foram seleccionados20 formadores que fizeram parte do estudo. A coleta de dados foi feita por meio de uma entrevista semi-estruturada e sua análise através da técnica de análise de conteúdo categorial. Os achados da pesquisa apontam como principais fontes de estresse percebido: insuficiência de recursos de trabalho ou condições de trabalho inadequadas, limitadas oportunidades de desenvolvimento profissional, falta de pagamento de subsídios e incentivos, deficiente organização do processo de ensino-aprendizagem, sobrecarga de trabalho e pressão de trabalho. É necessário a melhoria de aspectos percebidos como estressores no trabalho, bem como o delineamento e implementação de programas preventivos e/ou interventivos sobre estresse a este público-alvo de modo a melhorar a saúde mental e física.
A arte como elemento de poder e propaganda no Império Neoassírio
Authors: Barros Bruno Alves
Published: January 2021

Este artigo tem como objetivo apresentar o propósito da arte no império neoassírio, seu contexto histórico e suas ramificações neste período. Para se alcançar esse objetivo, uma revisão de literatura a respeito da arte no Império Neoassírio, e de documentos históricos e arqueológicos foi realizada. Pode-se observar que, ao contrário da percepção geral, os palácios neoassírios não se restringiam meramente a um complexo residencial real, mas também possuíam uma função político-social. Os palácios, a partir do reinado de Assurnasirpal II, foram decorados com temas mesopotâmicos tradicionais, mas as esculturas e os relevos artísticos presentes não tinham apenas o objetivo de decorar o palácio e sim estabelecer o direito divino real perante seus súditos, especialmente a elite da qual o rei era dependente politicamente. Essas características artísticas palacianas permaneceram ao longo dos séculos e tiveram seu auge durante o reinado de Senaqueribe, durante o qual também foi possível constatar inovações artísticas. Ao examinar as evidências arqueológicas e históricas de seu palácio e contrastá-las, foi possível identificar várias discrepâncias entre si, principalmente no que se refere à audiência. Pode-se se concluir, ao considerar como exemplo a tomada da cidade de Laquis no palácio de Senaqueribe, que as esculturase relevos artísticos poderiam ser direcionados a uma determinada audiência, e que eles, ao contrário de documentos escritos, omitiam certos acontecimentos que permaneciam acessíveis somente às pessoas de confiança do rei.
Do contrabando ao consulado: a atuação do estadunidense John Smith Gillmer na Bahia (1826-1862)
Authors: Santos Silvana Andrade dos
Published: January 2021

Neste artigo analisamos a trajetória do negociante estadunidense John Smith Gillmer na Bahia, de 1826 (ano em que localizamos o primeiro registro de sua atuação na província) até 1862 (ano de seu falecimento). Com base, principalmente, em revisão bibliográfica e notícias de periódicos, procuramos demonstrar que, na contramão das perseguições realizadas pelo governo dos Estados Unidos contra cidadão envolvidos no contrabando negreiro para o Brasil, determinados agentes, como John Smith Gillmer, conseguiram alcançar grande projeção política, ocupando inclusive cargos diplomáticos, a despeito da sua sabida participação no crime. O trabalho está dividido em três seções: na primeira, abordamos a inserção de John Smith Gillmer na economia brasileira; na segunda, tratamos sobre sua participação no contrabando negreiro para a Bahia; e, na terceira, versamos sobre sua alçada ao posto de Cônsul dos Estados Unidos na província.
Some Aspects of Cybersecurity Protection Provided for Critical Infrastructure Objects: Experience that can be Implemented in Ukraine
Authors: Berezdetskyi Yurii , Palchyk Maksym
Published: January 2021

The article considers issues of legal regulation and ways aimed at controlling critical infrastructure objects pre-paredness for cyber attacks and cyber incidents under the foreign jurisdiction. The auther offered solutions of current issues which can be implemented in Ukraine. Key words: information security, cy-bersecurity, cyber attacks, cyber incidents critical infrastructure, unlawful interference, information audit.
Forensic Engineering Investigation Of An Alleged Plastic Chair Failure
Authors: Leffler John P.
Published: January 2021

Several Identical One-Piece Molded Plastic Chairs Were Purchased By A Mental Hospital For Use In An Outdoor Smoking Area. The Chairs Were Labeled As Being For Residential Use. A Hospital Patient Alleged That While Seated In One Of These Chairs, The Chair Failed And He Fell Backward, Striking His Head And Suffering Injury. The Subject Chair Did Not Show Evidence Of A Failure That Would Correlate To The Plaintiff Allegation. Analysis And Destructive Testing Was Conducted On Several Of The Remaining Chairs, Referencing The Astm Standard Test Method For Residential And Nonresidential Molded Plastic Chairs. Adverse Expert Opinions Were Also Addressed.
Forensic Engineering Analysis Of loading Dock Traffic Patterns
Authors: Armstrong Jeffrey D. , Daniel J. Melcher
Published: January 2021

An Efficient Transportation System Includes The Safe And Efficient Movement Of Goods For Distribution to Consumers. Trucking Transport Is A Major Component Of The Transportation System Which Delivers goods To Consumers. The Flexibility Of Door-To-Door Deliveries That Is Not Available Through Other Modes of Transportation Such As Rail Or Ship, Makes Trucking Transport The Final Critical Segment Of The Goods transport Process. Distribution And Terminal Facilities For Truck Transport Are Generally Designed To Allow trucks To Back Into Loading Dock Areas. In Addition To Providing Proper Dock Heights And Bay Widths, The infrastructure Of These Facilities Must Provide Adequate And Proper Traffic Circulation Patterns Which In turn Allow For Safe And Proper Backing Of Trucks To The Loading Docks. This Paper Will Detail The Analysis of Two Facilities Where Road Widening Projects Created A Disruptive Change In The Traffic Circulation Pattern, which In One Case Required The Reconstruction Of The Site To Accommodate Trucking Deliveries, And in The Other Required The Change In Use Of The Property To One That No Longer Relied On Trucking Deliveries.
Measurement report: Characterization of uncertainties of fluxes and
fuel sulfur content from ship emissions at the Baltic Sea
Authors: Walden Jari , Pirjola Liisa , Laurila Tuomas , Hatakka Juha , Pettersson Heidi , Walden Tuomas , Jalkanen Jukka-Pekka , Nordlund Harri , Truuts Toivo , Meretoja Miika , Kahma Kimmo K.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Deposition of gaseous compounds and nanoparticles from ship emissions was studied by micrometeorological methods at Harmaja in the Baltic Sea. The gradient method was used to measure fluxes of SO2, NO, NO2, O3, CO2, and Ntot (number concentration of nanoparticles). In addition, the fluxes of CO2 were measured by the eddy covariance method. Distortion of the flow field caused by obstacles around the measurement mast was studied by applying a computation fluid dynamic (CFD) model. This was used to establish the corresponding heights in the undisturbed stream, and the wind speed as well as the turbulent parameters at each of the established heights were recalculated for the gradient model. The effect of waves on the boundary layer was taken into consideration, because the Monin–Obukhov theory used to calculate the fluxes is not valid in the presence of swell. Uncertainty budgets for the measurement systems were constructed to judge the reliability of the results. No clear fluxes across the air-sea nor sea-air interface were observed for SO2, NO, NO2, NOx (= NO + NO2) or O3, while a negative flux was observed for Ntot with a median value of −0.23 × 109 m−2 s−1 and an uncertainty range of 31–41 %. For CO2, while both positive and negative fluxes were observed, the median value was −0.0036 mg m−2 s−1 with uncertainty ranges of 25–36 % and 30–60 % for the GR and EC methods, respectively. Ship emissions were responsible for deposition of Ntot while they had a minor effect on CO2 deposition. The fuel sulfur content (FSC) of the marine fuel used in ships passing the site was determined from the observed ratio of SO2 and CO2 concentrations. A typical value of 0.40 ± 0.06 %, was obtained for FSC, which is in compliance with the contemporary FSC limit value of 1 % in the Baltic Sea Area. The method to estimate the uncertainty of FSC was found to be accurate enough for use with the latest regulations, 0.1 % (Baltic Sea Area) and 0.5 % (Global Oceans).
On the best locations for ground-based polar stratospheric cloud (PSC) observations
Authors: Tesche Matthias , Achtert Peggy , Pitts Michael C.
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Spaceborne observations of polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs) with the Cloud-Aerosol LIdar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) aboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) satellite provide a comprehensive picture of the occurrence of Arctic and Antarctic PSCs as well as their microphysical properties. However, advances in understanding PSC microphysics also require measurements with ground-based instruments, which are often superior to CALIOP in terms of, for example, time resolution, measured parameters, and signal-to-noise ratio. This advantage is balanced by the location of ground-based PSC observations and their dependence on tropospheric cloudiness. CALIPSO observations during the boreal winters from December 2006 to February 2018 and the austral winters 2012 and 2015 are used to assess the effect of tropospheric cloudiness and other measurement-inhibiting factors on the representativeness of ground-based PSC observations with lidar in the Arctic and Antarctic, respectively. Information on tropospheric and stratospheric clouds from the CALIPSO Cloud Profile product (05kmCPro version 4.10) and the CALIPSO polar stratospheric cloud mask version 2, respectively, is combined on a profile-by-profile basis to identify conditions under which a ground-based lidar is likely to perform useful measurements for the analysis of PSC occurrence. It is found that the location of a ground-based measurement together with the related tropospheric cloudiness can have a profound impact on the derived PSC statistics and that these findings are rarely in agreement with polewide results from CALIOP observations. Considering the current polar research infrastructure, it is concluded that the most suitable sites for the expansion of capabilities for ground-based lidar observations of PSCs are Summit and Villum in the Arctic and Mawson, Troll, and Vostok in the Antarctic.
New constraints on biological production and mixing processes in the
South China Sea from triple isotope composition of dissolved oxygen
Authors: Jurikova Hana , Abe Osamu , Shiah Fuh-Kwo , Liang Mao-Chang
Published: January 2021

Abstract. South China Sea (SCS), world’s largest marginal sea, plays an important role in the global as well as regional biogeochemical cycling of carbon and oxygen. However, its overall metabolic balance, primary production rates, and their link to East Asian Monsoon forcing still remain poorly constrained. Here, we report seasonal trends in triple oxygen isotope composition (17Δ) of dissolved O2, a tracer for biological O2, gross primary production (GP; inferred from δ17O and δ18O values), and net community production (NP; evaluated from oxygen–argon ratios) from the SouthEast Asian Time-series Study (SEATS) in SCS. Our results suggest stable mixed-layer GP rates of 1.8 g C m−2 d−1 and NP of −0.02 g C m−2 d−1 during the summer southwest monsoon, indicating the prevalence of net heterotrophy. During winter months characterised by stronger northeast monsoon forcing, the system is more dynamic with variable production rates, which may shift the metabolism from net heterotrophy to net autotrophy (NP up to ~0.15 g C  m−2 d−1). These findings underscore the importance of monsoon intensity on tilting the carbon balance from source to sink in a warm oligotrophic sea, and on driving the regional circulation pattern. Finally, our data from the deeper regions show that SCS circulation is strongly affected by monsoon wind forcing, with a larger part of the water column down to at least 400 m depth fully exchanged during a winter, suggesting the 17Δ of deep O2 as a valuable novel conservative tracer for probing mixing processes from a new perspective.
Numerical study of the effects of initial conditions and emissions on PM2.5 concentration simulations with CAMx v6.1: a Xi'an case study
Authors: Xiao Han , Wu Qizhong , Yang Xiaochun , Wang Lanning , Cheng Huaqiong
Published: January 2021

Abstract. A series of model sensitivity experiments was designed to explore
the effects of different initial conditions and emissions in Xi'an in December 2016; Xi'an is a major city in the Fenwei Plain, which is a key area with respect to air
pollution control in China. Three methods were applied for the initial
condition tests: a clean initial simulation, a restart simulation, and a
continuous simulation. In the clean initial simulation test, the C00, C06, C12, C18, and C24 sensitivity
experiments were conducted to explore the effect of the
intercepted time periods used. The results of these experiments showed that the fine particulate matter (PM2.5) model
performance was better when the start time of the intercepted
time periods was delayed. For experiments C00 to C24, the absolute mean bias (MB)
decreased from 51.07 to 3.72 µg m−3, and the
index of agreement (IOA) increased from 0.49 to 0.86, which illustrates that
the model performance of C24 is much better than that of C00. The R1120 and R1124 sensitivity
experiments were used to explore the restart simulation and, in turn, the effect of the date of the first day of the model simulation. While the start
times of the simulations were different, the
simulation results with different start times were nearly consistent after a spin-up time period, and the
results revealed that the spin-up time was approximately 27 h. For the
continuous simulation test, the CT12 and CT24 sensitivity
experiments were conducted. The start times of
the intercepted time periods for CT12 and R1120 were the same, and the
simulation results were almost identical. Based on the simulation results, CT24
showed the best performance of all of the sensitivity experiments, with the correlation
coefficient (R), MB, and IOA reaching 0.81, 6.29 µg m−3, and
0.90 respectively. For the emission tests, an updated local emission
inventory with construction fugitive dust emissions was added and was compared
with the simulation results from the original emission inventory. The
simulation with the updated local emissions showed much better performance
for PM2.5 modelling. Therefore, combining the CT24 method and the
updated local emission inventory can satisfactorily improve the PM2.5
model performance in Xi'an: the absolute MB decreased from 35.16 to 6.29 µg m−3, and the IOA reached 0.90.
Improving flood damage assessments in data scarce areas by
retrieval of building characteristics through UAV image
segmentation and machine learning – a case study of the 2019
floods in Southern Malawi
Authors: Wouters Lucas , de Moel Hans , de Ruiter Marleen C. , Couasnon Anaïs , van den Homberg Marc J. C. , Teklesadik Aklilu
Published: January 2021

Abstract. Reliable information on building stock and its vulnerability is important for understanding societal exposure to floods. Unfortunately, developing countries have less access to and availability of this information. Therefore, calculations for flood damage assessments have to use the scarce information available, often aggregated on a national or district level. This study aims to improve current assessments of flood damage by extracting individual structural building characteristics and estimate damage based on the buildings' vulnerability. We carry out an Object-Based Image Analysis (OBIA) of high-resolution (11 cm ground sample distance) Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) imagery to outline shapes. We then use a Support Vector Machine Learning algorithm to classify the delineated buildings. We combine this information with local depth-damage curves to estimate the economic damages for three villages affected by the 2019 January river floods in the Southern Shire basin in Malawi, and compare this to a conventional approach using land use to denote exposure. The flood extent is obtained from satellite imagery (Sentinel-1), and corresponding water depths determined by combining this with elevation data. The estimated damages from the OBIA and aggregated land-use approach yield €10,140 and €15,782, respectively, highlighting the potential for detailed and local damage assessments using UAV imagery.
Jerarquía de valores y práctica coral en el contexto universitario de Ecuador
Authors: O´'Reilly Viamontes Mónica
Published: January 2021

El objetivo del presente estudio es explorar la contribución de la práctica coral en el desarrollo de los valores dentro de un grupo de cantores universitarios de Ecuador. Para tal propósito, se aplica una encuesta basada en la Teoría de los Valores de Schwartz que busca discernir cuáles valores se desarrollan según el criterio de los participantes, en mayor o menor medida, dentro del coro. De esta forma, se pudo establecer una jerarquía donde hedonismo, conformidad y benevolencia figuran como los valores que más se han desarrollado, mientras que poder y seguridad se ubican entre los valores más bajos. Así, se afianza el principio de que las prácticas musicales colectivas son idóneas para la formación de valores.
Antecedentes de la reputación empresarial interna: el caso de una Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito colombiana
Authors: López-Santamaría Mónica , Bucheli Gómez Marietta , Grueso Hinestroza Merlin Patricia , Duque Oliva Edison Jair
Published: January 2021

La construcción de la reputación empresarial comienza desde el interior de las organizaciones ya que, desarrollar una reputación interna favorable puede impulsar una dinámica de boca a boca positiva por parte de los grupos de interés internos. No obstante, aún existe escasa evidencia empírica respecto a la identificación de los factores determinantes de la reputación empresarial interna en el sector de la Economía Social y Solidaria. En consecuencia, este estudio tiene el propósito de identificar los antecedentes de la reputación empresarial desde la perspectiva de los grupos de interés internos en cuatro seccionales de una Cooperativa de Ahorro y Crédito colombiana. Para lograr el objetivo, se desarrolló un estudio cualitativo, en el que participaron siete grupos focales conformados por gerentes, trabajadores y miembros del Consejo de Administración. Para analizar la información obtenida se realizó un análisis de contenido de tipo temático en dos momentos y tres fases. Los resultados obtenidos muestran que los antecedentes de la reputación empresarial identificados por los participantes en el estudio son: 1) la calidad de los servicios prestados (oportunidad, servicio personalizado y calidez en la atención), 2) la cultura organizacional, relacionada con la dinámica familiar y los valores cooperativos que la fundamentan y 3) la apropiación de la identidad organizacional, que comprende la definición del perfil del asociado y el sentido de pertenencia. En las conclusiones se discuten los aspectos que hacen a las cooperativas diferentes de sus competidores y se plantean nuevas líneas de investigación.
Ejercicios de tracto vocal semi-ocluido en la rehabilitación de parálisis recurrenciales: Un estudio de caso
Authors: Jara Cabrera Gerson , Alarcón Vega Raúl , Medina Valdebenito Damián
Published: January 2021

El presente trabajo tiene como propósito mostrar la efectividad de una secuencia de ejercicios de tracto vocal semi-ocluido en la rehabilitación de un caso clínico vocal diagnosticado con parálisis recurrencial unilateral. Los ejercicios de tracto vocal semi-ocluido corresponden a una serie de posturas que involucran alargamientos artificiales o estrechamientos del tracto vocal con la finalidad de aumentar la impedancia y generar cambios favorables en la vibración de los pliegues vocales. Dichos ejercicios están enmarcados dentro de la tendencia de rehabilitación fisiológica la cual busca reestablecer un balance de los tres subsistemas involucrados en la producción de la voz (Respiración-fonación-resonancia) de manera simultánea, contraponiéndose a la tendencia tradicional de abordaje sintomatológico. Por otro lado, la tendencia fisiológica se basa en los principios del aprendizaje sensoriomotor el cual busca reales cambios en el patrón de producción de la voz, y que estos permanezcan en el tiempo.
Se realizó terapia vocal durante 15 sesiones con ejercicios de tracto vocal semi-ocluido. Para valorar los cambios en la voz, se realizó una evaluación inicial y final a través de nasofibrolaringoscopía, análisis acústico mediante medidas de perturbación y análisis espectral, estudio perceptual mediante la escala GRBASI valorada por una comisión de jueces externos, tiempos máximos fonatorios y valoración del propio paciente. Posterior al tratamiento se produjeron cambios favorables en la voz y se concluye que los ejercicios de tracto vocal semi-ocluido pueden constituir una herramienta efectiva para el abordaje de este tipo de patologías.
Antifeminismo y troleo de género en Twitter. Estudio de la subcultura trol a través de #STOPfeminazis
Authors: Villar Aguilés Alícia , Pecourt Gracia Juan
Published: January 2021

En los últimos años, el auge del movimiento feminista, especialmente desde la convocatoria del 8M de 2018, se ha encontrado con resistencias importantes. En el ámbito digital, esta renovación del feminismo ha supuesto un aumento del activismo digital feminista y una mayor visibilidad de las mujeres. Sin embargo, también han surgido múltiples obstáculos que muestran el carácter androcéntrico y misógino de la cultura digital. Uno de los fenómenos asociado a la misoginia digital es el "troleo de género" (gendertrolling), propio de la subcultura troll. En este trabajo, analizaremos el troleo antifeminista en la plataforma Twitter, centrándonos en la etiqueta #STOPfeminazis. A partir del análisis de contenidos, mediante la aplicación de categorías específicas, observamos cómo esta etiqueta utiliza métodos de la subcultura troll, relacionados con la remezcla y la resignificación, para llevar a cabo una ofensiva general contra el movimiento feminista.
Reseña/Review (Vaidhyanathan, Siva, “Anti-social media. How Fa-cebook disconnects us and undermines democracy” New York, Ox-ford University Press, ISBN: 978-019-0841-16-4, 276 págs., 2018)
Authors: Castellet Homet Andreu
Published: January 2021

Reseña/Review (Vaidhyanathan, Siva, “Anti-social media. How Facebook disconnects us and undermines democracy” New York, Oxford University Press, ISBN: 978-019-0841-16-4, 276 págs., 2018)
Reseña/Review (Kucharski, Adam, ‘Las reglas del contagio. Cómo surgen, se propagan y desaparecen las epidemias’, Madrid, Capitán Swing, ISBN: 978-8412197952, 342 págs., 2020)
Authors: Torrejón Pérez Sergio
Published: January 2021

Reseña/Review (Kucharski, Adam, ‘Las reglas del contagio. Cómo surgen, se propagan y desaparecen las epidemias’, Madrid, Capitán Swing, ISBN: 978-8412197952, 342 págs., 2020)
The effect of business model innovation on organization performance
Authors: Khaddam Amineh A. , Irtaimeh Hani J. , Al-Batayneh Ahmad Rajaa Salameh , Al-Batayneh Suliman Raja Salameh
Published: January 2021

The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of business model innovation (BMI) on firm performance. The sample of the study consisted of 120 managers from Alban Al-youm Company in Jordan, a leading dairy company. Data were collected using a questionnaire administered to managers. Eighty-seven questionnaires were retrieved valid for the purpose of data analysis. BMI was measured using three components: value creation, value proposition and value capture innovations while company performance was assessed via self-rated questions about operational measures of performance. The results accepted the hypotheses that all dimensions of BMI had significant effects on company performance. That being so, the study contributed to the literature on BMI on company performance in the absence of such studies that use samples for Arab countries, particularly, from Jordan in one of the most vital industries, which is a dairy industry.
Dimensiones de Resiliencia en los desplazamientos internos en la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero, México
Authors: Sotelo Leyva José Francisco
Published: January 2021

En las últimas décadas diversas ciudades de la República Mexicana han servido como receptoras de desplazamiento interno debido a contextos de violencia, conflicto y desastres de origen natural y humano, desgraciadamente la respuesta del estado ante el desplazamiento ha sido ineficaz y lento.

Esta investigación surge de la necesidad de establecer estrategias y políticas a nivel local sobre la atención y recepción adecuada a poblaciones desplazadas por violencia o desastres, critica la manera en la cual se ha desarrollado el actuar del Estado Mexicano en la ciudad de Chilpancingo, Guerrero con respecto a la atención al desplazado en el momento de solicitar refugio, y finalmente propone cinco dimensiones sistémicas que servirán para aumentar por un lado la resiliencia de la ciudad como refugio y al desplazado como ser vulnerable.
Stock Market Reforms and Stock Market Performance
Authors: Chellaswamy Karthigai Prakasam , N Natchimuthu , Faniband Muhammadriyaj
Published: January 2021

This paper analyses the impact of stock market reforms on the stock market performance in India using regression based event-study method. We consider nine stock market reforms introduced from 1998 to 2018. We find that the impact of stock market reforms on Nifty trading volume and Nifty return is different. This paper documents that the impact of the additional volatility measures, T+3 and T+2 settlement cycles, and margin provisions for intra-day crystallized losses reforms show a positive impact on trading volume post-reform. In contrast, internet trading, prohibition of fraudulent and unfair trade practices, delisting of equity shares, substantial acquisition of shares and takeovers listing obligations and disclosure requirements reforms decrease the trading volume post-reform. Our results of Nifty return reveal that the additional volatility measures, the T+2 settlement cycle, the prohibition of fraudulent and unfair trade practices, substantial acquisition of shares and takeovers, listing obligations and disclosure requirements have a significant and positive impact on return post-reform. It is evident that the impact of all nine stock market reforms is insignificant on Nifty return.
The Impact of Market Timing on European Firms’ Capital Structure: RLBOs vs. IPOs
Authors: Kouki Fadoua
Published: January 2021

Our study compares the impact of market timing on the capital structure of reverse leveraged buyouts (RLBOs) and initial public offerings (IPOs). Our sample is made up of 210 RLBOs and 210 public companies listed between 1995 and 2015 and linked by size (turnover) and industry (based on the first two digits of the SIC code). Our results show that the impact of market timing measures on capital structure is different between RLBOs and public companies. In accordance with Baker and Wurgler (2002) and others, these measures have a negative and significant effect on the capital structure of the two types of companies. This significance is persistent ten years after the IPO for public companies and only three years after the IPO for RLBOs. RLBOs rebalance the market timing effect on their capital structures much more quickly and therefore move toward the target debt ratio more quickly than their counterparts. These results challenge the robustness and generality of Baker and Wurgler’s (2002) market timing theory. The capital structure of RLBOs seems to be better explained by the characteristic variables of companies suggested by the theory of trade-off.
Graceful Labeling of Hypertrees
Authors: El-Zohny H. , Radwan S. , Abo El-Fotooh S.I. , Mohammed Z.
Published: January 2021

Graph labeling is considered as one of the most interesting areas in graph theory. A labeling for a simple graph G (numbering or valuation), is an association of non -negative integers to vertices of G  (vertex labeling) or to edges of G  (edge labeling) or both of them. In this paper we study the graceful labeling for the k- uniform hypertree and define a condition for the corresponding tree to be graceful. A k- uniform hypertree is graceful if the minimum difference of vertices’ labels of each edge is distinct and each one is the label of the corresponding edge.
Contributia contextuala a parintelui profesor Petru Rezus la dezvoltarea dogmaticii in teologia ortodoxa romana
Authors: Georgescu Laurentiu Stelian
Published: January 2021

Lucrarea elaborata de parintele Georgescu Stelian- Laurentiu raspunde exigentelor stiintifice actuale, specific domeniului Teologie, exprimand teologic o tema de interes actual pentru cercetarea teologica dogmatica din Romania. Titlul lucrarii este inedit si exprima parcursul si contributia teologica, contextuala a parintelui Petru Rezus pe parcursul a mai bine de jumatate de secol. In ceea ce priveste caracterul stiintific, lucrarea se integreaza in exigentele formale ale stadiului formativ pe care il reprezinta, fiind fundamentata pe surse, pe documente de arhiva si pe o bogata bibliografie actuala, in concordanta cu tema si cu evolutia ideilor din aria pe care o cerceteaza. In viziunea autorului, lucrarea nu este doar un periplu prin cadrele Teologiei Dogmatice cu rezultate ,,temporale, spatiale si modale”, ci este o sinteza cu implicatii hristologice, pnevmatologice, ecleziologice, trinitare, antropologice, sinteza care a reprezentat centrul preocuparilor teologice a parintelui Rezus
Growth factors improve the proliferation of Jeju black pig muscle cells by regulating myogenic differentiation 1 and growth-related genes
Authors: Park Jinryong , Lee Jeongeun , Song Ki-Duk , Kim Sung-Jo , Kim Dae Cheol , Lee Sang Cheol , Son Young June , Choi Hyun Woo , Shim Kwanseob
Published: January 2021

Objective: The growth rate of pigs is related to differentiation and proliferation of muscle cells, which are regulated by growth factors and expression of growth-related genes. Thus, the objective of this study was to establish optimal culture conditions for Jeju black pig (JBP) muscle cells and determine the relationship of various factors involved in muscle growth with the proliferation of JBP muscle cells. Methods: Muscles were taken from the femur skeletal muscle of JBP embryos. After isolation of the muscle cells, cells were cultured in a 6-well plate under four different culture conditions to optimize culture conditions for JBP muscle cells. To analyze proliferation rate of JBP muscle cells, these muscle cells were seeded into 6-well plates at a density of 1.5×105 cells per well and cultured for 3 days. Western blot and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction were applied to verify the myogenic differentiation 1 (MyoD) expression and growth-related gene expression in JBP muscle cells, respectively. Results: We established a muscle cell line from JBP embryos and optimized its culture conditions. These muscle cells were positive for MyoD, but not for paired box 7. The proliferation rate of these muscle cells was significantly higher in a culture medium containing bFGF and epidermal growth factor + basic fibroblast growth factor (EGF+bFGF) than that without a growth factor or containing EGF alone. Treatment with EGF and bFGF significantly induced the expression of MyoD protein, an important transcription factor in muscle cells. Moreover, we checked the changes of expression of growth-related genes in JBP muscle cells by presence or absence of growth factors. Expression level of collagen type XXI alpha 1 gene was changed only when EGF and bFGF were added together to culture media for JBP muscle cells. Conclusion: Concurrent use of EGF and bFGF increased the expression of MyoD protein, thus regulating the proliferation of JBP muscle cells and the expression of growth-related genes.
Effect of lipid source and emulsifier on productive and physiological parameters of broilers
Authors: Tenório Karine Isabela , Eyng Cinthia , do Amaral Duarte Cristiane Regina , Vianna Nunes Ricardo , Broch Jomara , Rohloff Júnior Nilton , Köhler Tânia Luiza , Hagdon Cirilo Edinan
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the replacement of degummed soybean oil (DSO) by acid soybean oil (ASO) in diets with or without the inclusion of emulsifier on broiler performance, relative organ weight, lipase activity, intestinal morphometry, and nutrient digestibility.Methods: A total of 704 1-day-old male broiler chicks were allotted to a 2×2 completely randomized factorial design (with or without emulsifier × two lipid sources [ASO and DSO]), with eight replicates and 22 birds each. The metabolizable energy level in diets with emulsifier was reduced by 40 kcal/kg from 1 to 21 d and 50 kcal/kg from 22 to 49 d.Results: Broilers fed diets containing ASO without emulsifier had higher (p = 0.005) weight gain than DSO-fed animals and with the inclusion of emulsifier had worse (p = 0.018) feed conversion ratio (FCR). Birds fed diets with emulsifier worsened FCR regardless of lipid source from 1 to 21 days (p = 0.006) and from 1 to 49 days (p = 0.0002). There was an increase (p = 0.026) in the relative pancreas weight, at 14 days, in birds fed diets containing ASO. Lipase activity and morphometry of the duodenum and jejunum, at 14 and 21 days, were not affected (p>0.05). The dietary inclusion of emulsifier improved the digestible energy (p = 0.053) in the presence of ASO. For the digestibility coefficients (gross energy, crude protein, and mineral matter), no interference was observed (p>0.05).Conclusion: The inclusion of emulsifier to energy-restricted diet with ASO maintained broiler performance in the first week, but worsened FCR in subsequent phases. The ASO can be considered as an alternative lipid source to DSO and does not interfere with the morphophysiological characteristics and performance of broilers. The combination of ASO and emulsifier increased the digestible energy content by 6.2%.
Effects of Artemisia argyi flavonoids on growth performance and immune function in broilers challenged with lipopolysaccharide
Authors: Yang Shuo , Zhang Jing , Jiang Yang , Xu Yuan Qing , Jin Xiao , Yan Su Mei , Shi Bin lin
Published: January 2021

Objective: This research aimed to study the effects of Artemisia argyi flavonoids (AAF) supplemented in diets on the growth performance and immune function of broiler chickens challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Methods: A total of one hundred and ninety-two 1-d-old broiler chicks were assigned into 4 treatment groups, which were, respectively, fed a basal diet (control), fed a diet with 750 mg/kg AAF, fed a basal diet, and challenged with LPS, fed a diet with 750 mg/kg AAF, and challenged with LPS. Each treatment had six pens with 8 chicks per pen. On days 14, 16, 18, 20 (stress phase I) and 28, 30, 32, 34 (stress phase II), broilers were injected with LPS (500 μg/kg body weight) or an equivalent amount of saline. Results: The results demonstrated that dietary AAF significantly improved the body weight (d 21) and alleviated the decrease of average daily gain in broilers challenged with LPS on d 21 and d 35 (p<0.05). Dietary AAF increased bursa fabricius index, and dramatically attenuated the elevation of spleen index caused by LPS on d 35 (p<0.05). Furthermore, serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentration decreased with AAF supplementation on d 21 (p<0.05). Diet treatment and LPS challenge exhibited a significant interaction for the concentration of IL-1β (d 21) and IL-6 (d 35) in serum (p<0.05). Additionally, AAF supplementation mitigated the increase of IL-1β, IL-6 in liver and spleen induced by LPS on d 21 and 35 (p<0.05). This study also showed that AAF supplementation significantly reduced the expression of IL-1β (d 21) and nuclear transcription factor kappa-B p65 (d 21 and 35) in liver (p<0.05), and dietary AAF and LPS treatment exhibited significant interaction for the gene expression of IL-6 (d 21), toll like receptor 4 (d 35) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (d 35) in spleen (p<0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, AAF could be used as a potential natural immunomodulator to improve growth performance and alleviate immune stress in broilers challenged with LPS.
Profiles of coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci in retail pork: prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, enterotoxigenicity, and virulence factors
Authors: Lee Gi Yong , Yang Soo-Jin
Published: January 2021

Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the occurrence and species of coagulasepositive staphylococci (CoPS) and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) in retail pork meat samples collected during nationwide monitoring. The staphylococcal isolates were characterized for antimicrobial and zinc chloride resistance and enterotoxigenic potential.Methods: A total of 260 pre-packaged pork meat samples were collected from 35 retail markets in 8 provinces in Korea for isolation of staphylococci. Antimicrobial and zinc chloride resistance phenotypes, and genes associated with the resistance phenotypes were determined on the isolates. Furthermore, the presence and distribution of 19 staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes and enterotoxin-like genes among the pork-associated staphylococci were determined by multiplex polymerase chain reaction-based assays using the specific primer sets.Results: A total of 29 staphylococcal strains (29/260, 11.1%) were isolated from samples of retail pork meat, 24 (83%) of which were CoNS. The four CoNS species identified were S. saprophyticus (n = 16, 55%), S. sciuri (n = 3, 10%), S. warneri (n = 3, 10%), and S. epidermidis (n = 2, 7%). Among the 29 isolates, four methicillin-resistant CoNS (MR-CoNS; three S. sciuri and one S. epidermidis) and one methicillin-resistant CoPS (MR-CoPS; one S. aureus) were identified. In addition, a relatively high level of tetracycline (TET) resistance (52%) was confirmed in CoNS, along with a predominant distribution of tet(K). The most prevalent SEs were sep (45%), and sen (28%), which were carried by 81% of S. saprophyticus.Conclusion: These findings suggest that CoNS, especially S. saprophyticus strains, in raw pork meat could be a potential risk factor for staphylococcal food poisoning (SFP), and therefore, requires further investigation to elucidate the role of SEls in SFP and virulence of the pathogen. Our results also suggest that CoNS from raw pork meat may act as a source for transmission of antimicrobial resistance genes such as staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec and tet(K).
Synergistic effect of exogenous multi-enzyme and phytase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microflora and morphology in broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diets
Authors: Kim MinJu , Ingale Santosh Laxman , Hosseindoust Abdolreza , Choi YoHan , Kim KwangYeol , Chae ByungJo
Published: January 2021

Objective: This study was conducted to investigate the synergistic effect of exogenous multienzyme and phytase on growth performance, nutrients digestibility, blood metabolites, intestinal microflora, and morphology in broilers fed corn-wheat-soybean meal diets. Methods: A 2×2 factorial design was used in this study. Four dietary treatments consisted of i) basal diets (corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets without multi-enzyme and phytase), ii) basal diets with phytase (0.05%), iii) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme (0.05%), and iv) basal diets with exogenous multi-enzyme including phytase (0.05%). A total of 480 broiler chickens (Ross 308 - one day old) were weighed and allotted to thirty-two cages (15 birds per cage), and chicks were randomly allocated to four dietary treatments. Results: The body weight gain and feed conversion rate were improved by supplementation of exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase during the finisher period (p<0.05). The birds fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase had a significantly greater digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, crude protein, calcium, and phosphorus compared with birds fed non-supplemented diets (p<0.05). The chickens fed diets with exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a higher concentration of Ca and P in the serum (p<0.05). The population of Lactobacillus spp., Escherichia coli, and Clostridium were not affected in the ileum and cecum of chickens fed enzyme-supplemented diets. The dietary supplemental exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase showed a significant improvement in villus height, crypt depth, and villus height and crypt depth ratio, compared to basal diets or dietary supplemental phytase (p<0.05). Conclusion: The supplementation of the exogenous multi-enzyme containing phytase synergistically improved the growth performance, nutrients digestibility, and villus height of the small intestine of broiler chickens fed a corn-wheat-soybean meal based diets.
Growth and gut performance of young pigs in response to different dietary cellulose concentration and rearing condition
Authors: Cho Hyun Min , Kim Eunjoo , Wickramasuriya Samiru Sudharaka , Shin Taeg Kyun , Heo Jung Min
Published: January 2021

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of insoluble cellulose supplementation to diets on the growth performance, intestinal morphology, the incidence of diarrhea, nutrients digestibility, and inflammatory responses in altering environmental conditions of animals housing.Methods: A total of 108 male pigs (Duroc×[Yorkshire×Landrace]) were randomly allocated to one of three dietary treatments (cellulose 0%, 1%, 2%) and two environmental conditions (good sanitary condition vs. poor sanitary condition) to give 6 replicate pens per treatment with three pigs per each pen at 14 days post-weaning.Results: Pigs were in good sanitary condition had higher average daily gain (p<0.01) and improved feed efficiency (p<0.05) from day 1 to 14 after weaning compared to their counterparts. The interactions were found between environmental conditions and dietary treatments (day 7: crypt depth [p<0.01], villous height to crypt depth [p<0.001]; day 14: crypt depth [p<0.001], villous to crypt ratio [p<0.01]) in ileum morphology. Crypt depth was decreased (p<0.05), and villous to crypt ratio was increased (p<0.05) only in poor sanitary conditions. Pigs exposed to the good sanitary condition had higher (p<0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (day 7, gross energy; day 14, dry matter), apparent total tract digestibility (day 14, dry matter and crude protein) compared to pigs housed in the poor sanitary condition. Meanwhile, pigs fed a diet supplemented with 2% cellulose had decreased (p<0.05) apparent ileal digestibility (day 7, dry matter; day 14, crude protein), apparent total tract digestibility (day 7, dry matter; day 14, crude protein, gross energy) compared to pigs fed a diet supplemented with 0% or 1% cellulose.Conclusion: Our results indicated that a diet supplemented with 1% cellulose increased villous to crypt ratio, however feeding a diet containing cellulose (1% or 2%) impaired nutrient digestibility for 14 day after weaning in both good sanitary and poor sanitary conditions.
High Temperature Tribological Behavior of Borocarburized Layer on Q235 Steel
Authors: YANG Zhengang , LIANG Wenping , JIA Yanlin , MIAO Qiang , DING Zheng , YU Haiyang
Published: January 2021

A borocarburized layer was successfully fabricated on the surface of Q235 low-carbon steel via double glow treatment to improve the wear resistance at elevated temperature. The phase composition and microstructure of borocarburized layer were investigated by XRD and SEM. The microhardness of borocarburized layer from the surface to the substrate were detected. And the tribological behaviors of borocarburized layer and substrate were investigated under the dry-sliding against ZrO2 ball at three temperatures. The results indicate that the borocarburized layer consists of an outermost boride layer and a transition layer of carburized layer. The boride layer with main phase of Fe2B has a high hardness around 1700 HV, and the hardness of transition layer with main phase of Fe5C3 is around 600 HV. The novel gradient structure of an outermost boride layer and inner carburized layer is design in this research decreases the hardness mismatch of coating to prevent the boride layer peeling off. The friction coefficient and specific wear rate of borocarburized layer are much lower than that of substrate at the same temperature. In addition, the wear mechanism of substrate is mainly fatigue wear and slightly adhesive wear at 20℃. When the wear test performs at 200℃, the substrate wear mechanism is adhesive wear and fatigue wear. The wear mechanism of borocarburized layer is main abrasive wear at 20℃ and 200℃. And the wear mechanism of both substrate and borocarburized layer are main oxidation wear and adhesive wear at 500℃. The borocarburized layer effectively improves the wear resistance of low carbon steel due to the higher hardness and great thermal stability at high temperature.
Kartellrechtliche Missbrauchsaufsicht über Gebühren
Authors: Siekemeier Ann-Katrin
Published: January 2021

Is the German Competition Act applicable to public authority economic action governed by public law? This work approaches the issue – due to greatly varying prices and § 185 (1) sentence 2 GWB – based on the abuse control of drinking water charges levied by a public law entity. It analyzes the extensive legal division between the abuse control under the GWB over prices and the supervision of municipal authorities exercised by the individual Länder over charges. The work examines whether that gap can be bridged by interpretation or under consideration of EU law. Finally, it proposes to abolish § 185 (1) sentence 2 GWB and to adopt an equivalent to Art. 106 (2) TFEU to systematically consider public interests.
Europäisches Strafrecht nach dem Vertrag von Lissabon: Macht die Reform den Weg frei?
Authors: Plump Grazyna Marina
Published: January 2021

This study deals with a topic that has been matter of debate among the academic community for some time: The competences of the EU in Criminal Law. With the current EU law after Lisbon the basic academic criticism of European Criminal Law, especially the prominent objection of a democratic deficit, is being scrutinized. Thereafter the analysis deals with the EU’s legislative powers in criminal matters. The competences with regard to the harmonization of Criminal Law are examined as well as the EU’s legislative power to define offences via regulations. The work relates the analysis of the current legal basis of European Criminal Law to the fundamental criticism that is voiced especially from the point of view of democratic theory.