bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toxicity bioassay and sub-lethal effects of diazinon on blood profile and histology of liver, gills and kidney of catfish, Clarias gariepinus
Authors: Al-Otaibi A. M. , Al-Balawi H. F. A. , Ahmad Z. , Suliman E. M.
Published: November 2018

Abstract The catfish, Clarias gariepinus, was exposed to different acute concentrations (5-10 mg/l) of diazinon and the Lc50 value was recorded as high as 7.3 mg/l for 96 hours. The fishes exposed to three sub-lethal levels of diazinon (0.73, 1.095 and 1.46 mg/l) for 30 days showed that the pesticide induces changes in different blood parameters. Number of red blood cells (RBC), haemoglobin level and haematocrit values were elevated whereas white blood cells (WBC) count was reduced. Various blood indices like mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobine (MCH) and mean corpuscular haemoglobine concentration (MCHC) vary insignificantly in the fish treated with diazinon. Glucose level and activity level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was increased in Clarias gariepinus exposed to diazinon. Protein level in plasma of fish treated with pesticide was changed but the change was insignificant. Histological changes in the liver, gills and kidney of fishes exposed to diazinon were apparent when compared to control. Hepatocytes necrosis and bleeding were more distinct in the fishes exposed to pesticide. Glomerulus hypertrophy and bleeding in kidneys; and fusion and degeneration of secondary lamellae and epithelial hyperplasia in gills were also observed in the exposed fish.
Determination of acute toxicity of ammonium in juvenile Patagonian blenny (Eleginops maclovinus)
Authors: Mardones A. , González M. , Rivas-Mancilla C. , Vega R. , Augsburger A. , Encina F. , De los Ríos P.
Published: November 2018

Abstract Deionized ammonium (NH3) acute toxicity (LC50-96h) in Patagonian blenny juveniles (Eleginops maclovinus) was assessed. Concentrations of deionized ammonium in salt water were prepared by using 24.09 ± 2.1 g ammonium chloride (NH4Cl). Fish were exposed in triplicates to different ammonium concentrations: 0.05; 0.094; 0.175; 0.325 and 0.605 mg NH3 L-1. Additionally, a control group was included. Experimental fish were kept at a photoperiod of 16:8h. Average temperatures were 16.24 ± 1.40 °C. Oxygen concentration was 7.16 ± 0.40 mg L -1. Water pH was 7.89 ± 0.2. LC50-96 h, was estimated by using Probit statistical method (95% intervals) using EPA software (1993). Juveniles of E. maclovinus showed a LC50-96h of 0.413mg NH3 L-1 value, different from most marine species. This study presents the first record of ammonium toxicity in marine species of Chile.
Morphometry of pectoral muscle fiber and intestinal villi of Calidris pusilla during the wintering period in Brazil
Authors: Chaves Felipe Q. , Neri Júnior Nailson A. , Rodrigues Roberta C. , Araujo Helder F.P. , Guerra Ricardo R.
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: Migration is an event observed in several animals, such as shorebirds moving between the northern and southern hemispheres, during breeding and wintering intervals. Morphophysiological adaptations are necessary to allow the maintenance of migratory cycles and, therefore, studies with this focus can help clarify biological aspects related to migration. We analyzed the morphology variation in pectoral muscles and intestinal mucosa of Calidris pusilla, during different phases of the wintering period on the coast of Brazil. Fragments of pectoral muscles and duodenal were collected, fixed and processed for histology according to standard procedure, from specimens captured in a locality on the Brazilian coast. Modifications were found in the measured parameters among the three phases of wintering, arrival in Brazil (October, mid-period), January and departure to the Northern Hemisphere - May. The registered structural dynamism characterizes the growth of flight musculature and intestinal changes related to nutrition. Such changes occur temporarily due to the activities of preparation and migration between the northern and southern hemispheres.
Alterações da proteína C reativa e fator reumatoide em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp.
Authors: Braz Paulo H. , Lima Gustavo L. , Sartoretto Marcel C. , Marinho Carolina P. , Deboleto Sandriele G. C.
Published: November 2018

RESUMO: A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma zoonose considerada doença tropical de prioridade. A leishmaniose afeta vários sistemas do corpo dos cães, incluindo vísceras e pele. A proteína C reativa (PCR) e o fator reumatoide (FR) são exames realizados na medicina para detecção de inflamação e artrites em seres humanos, no entanto, há poucos trabalhos voltados para cães com leishmaniose que demonstrem as alterações ocorridas na PCR e FR. Este trabalho teve como objetivo demonstrar as alterações de PCR e FR e sua correlação com a hiperproteinemia e hiperalbuminemia, além da compararação com o desvio a esquerda presente no exame hematológico. O trabalho foi realizado no Hospital Veterinário do Centro Universitário da Grande Dourados/MS e Centro de Controle de Zoonoses, no qual foram avaliados 34 cães, de diversar raças e idade e submetidos a colheita de sangue venosa para realização de exames em imuno-látex, bioquímica sérica e hemograma, em cães naturalmente infectados por Leishmania spp. Foram utilizados somente cães positivos ao teste rápido DPP® para leishmaniose, juntamente com resultado positivo no exame parasitológico, depois de diagnosticados foram realizados exames hematológicos e bioquímicos. Quando realizado o teste para quantificação de FR em soro sanguíneo, para os 34 animais estudados, foi observado positividade em apenas 1 animal, enquanto que os cães foram positivos para a PCR em 38,23% dos casos estudados. Em casos de animais com leishmaniose é possível estabelecer níveis inflamatórios precocemente, enquanto que o FR demonstrou não ser um bom marcador para animais soropositivos para a doença.
Epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects of fasciolosis in livers of cattle slaughtered in southern Brazil
Authors: Quevedo Lucas S. , Bruhn Fábio R.P. , Teixeira Jose L.R. , Alberti Taina S. , Scheid Haide V. , Raffi Margarida B. , Sallis Eliza S.V. , Schild Ana Lucia
Published: November 2018

ABSTRACT: Infection by Fasciola hepatica is an important cause of economic loss in cattle raised in Brazil and others countries. In slaughterhouses, the losses are mainly associated with condemnation of livers; however, it is believed that these losses can extend to diminished carcass yield and productivity throughout the life of the animals. Three slaughterhouses with a daily routine of approximately 15-20 cattle slaughters were monitored from July 2016 to November 2017. After sample collection, weighing, and liver assessment, statistical studies were conducted to determine disease prevalence and measurement of economic losses caused by fasciolosis through condemnation of the organ of choice of the parasite. Of the 210 livers assessed, 79 (37.6%) were condemned because of presence of F. hepatica, 87 (41.4%) were considered appropriate for human consumption, and 44 (20.9%) were considered inappropriate because of some other macroscopic lesions. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of fasciolosis, correlate epidemiological and clinical-pathological aspects, and estimate the economic losses caused by the disease. It is estimated that the losses in southwestern Rio Grande do Sul state could reach R$ 36,943,532.60 (37.6%; 95% CI = 30,753,525.80 - 43,526,55.65) or US$ 11,437,626.20 (37.6%; 95% CI = 9,521,215.40 - 13,475,713.80) only because of condemnation of livers.
RESISTÊNCIA E PRÁXIS NA GREVE DOS PROFESSORES DA REDE PÚBLICA MUNICIPAL DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Authors: Souza Laís Oliveira de , Pina José Augusto , Souza Katia Reis de
Published: November 2018

Resumo Este estudo tem por objetivo analisar as relações entre trabalho, educação e saúde na greve dos profissionais de educação da rede municipal do Rio de Janeiro, ocorrida no ano de 2013. Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa, a qual adotou, como técnica de investigação, a realização de entrevistas individuais e a pesquisa documental, com base na imprensa sindical. Foi escolhida a técnica de análise temática, e foram identificados três temas principais de interpretação, a saber: trabalho e defesa da educação pública de qualidade; aprendizado coletivo e pedagogia da luta; e luta coletiva pela saúde. No ângulo de compreensão da história, a greve materializou-se como espaço de questionamento acerca da situação do trabalho nas escolas e como movimento de luta em defesa da educação pública de qualidade. Do mesmo modo, a greve trouxe reflexões acerca da relação entre o trabalho docente e a luta pela saúde. Conclui-se que ações coletivas de trabalhadores são espaços de aprendizagem, de produção de conhecimento e intervenção em saúde. Trata-se de uma perspectiva ampliada de educação e saúde, como práxis pedagógica, que se processa na luta e na valorização da experiência coletiva do trabalho.
AGENTES DE COMBATE ÀS ENDEMIAS: CONSTRUÇÃO DE IDENTIDADES PROFISSIONAIS NO CONTROLE DA DENGUE
Authors: Evangelista Janete Gonçalves , Flisch Tácia Maria Pereira , Valente Polyana Aparecida , Pimenta Denise Nacif
Published: November 2018

Resumo O estudo aqui apresentado objetivou compreender como são construídas as identidades profissionais do agente de combate às endemias. Esse trabalhador tem papel estratégico na prevenção e no controle das arboviroses como dengue, chikungunya, zika e febre amarela, que constituem problemas graves de saúde pública no Brasil. A pesquisa fundamentou-se nos conceitos de qualificação e identidade profissional, referenciados pela sociologia do trabalho. Tratou-se de um estudo analítico, realizado entre 2014 e 2017, de abordagem qualitativa, realizado a partir de grupos focais, com trinta agentes de combate às endemias de um distrito sanitário de Contagem, Minas Gerais. Os dados foram analisados segundo os pressupostos da análise de conteúdo. A maioria dos agentes era mulher e com ensino médio completo. Os resultados apontaram que há um desconhecimento, por parte dos agentes, sobre o protocolo de execução de suas atividades de trabalho e dos conteúdos técnicos referentes à dengue. O processo ensino-aprendizagem ocorre por meio da oralidade e de processos de trabalho não formais. O não recebimento de crachás apresentou-se como um problema de identidade. Concluiu-se que as identidades profissionais dos agentes foram construídas e reconstruídas sem uma sólida formação profissional e em condições precárias de trabalho. O reconhecimento, como aspecto da identidade, ocorre no plano afetivo e não somente nos processos de trabalho.
Periodontal health knowledge and awareness among subjects with fixed orthodontic appliance
Authors: Alhaija Elham S. Abu , Al-Saif Eman M. , Taani Dafi Q.
Published: November 2018

Abstract Objective: To report on periodontal health knowledge and awareness among orthodontic patients and to investigate the effect of age, attitude and duration of orthodontic treatment on periodontal health awareness among orthodontic patients. Methods: A total of 297 orthodontics patient (90 males, 207 females) with mean age of 17.7 ± 5.0 years (older then 18 years = 119, 18 years or younger = 178) were included in this study. Subjects were currently wearing upper and lower fixed orthodontic appliances for an mean period of 12.55 ± 10.86 months (less than or equal to 18 months = 231, more than 18 months = 66). Data was collected through a self-administered questionnaire (demographic characteristics, subjects’ awareness toward their periodontal health, periodontal knowledge among orthodontic patient and patients’ attitude toward orthodontic treatment regarding periodontal health) and clinical periodontal examination. Results: Periodontal knowledge was poor among orthodontic patients in relation to dental plaque. Only 24 subjects (8%) correctly answered knowledge-related questions. Adult orthodontic patients reported negative attitude toward fixed orthodontic treatment in respect to periodontal health (p<0.001). Duration of orthodontic treatment negatively affected subjects’ attitude toward fixed orthodontic treatment (p<0.01). The majority of subjects were in the high level of awareness group (64%). Orthodontic patients’ awareness toward their periodontal health during fixed orthodontic treatment was affected by attitude scores (p=0.005), number of teeth with gingival recession (p=0.041), Gingival Index (p=0.000), duration of treatment (p=0.047) and age (p=0.008). Conclusions: Periodontal health knowledge among orthodontic patients was poor. Orthodontic patients’ awareness of their periodontal health was moderate and was affected by age, attitude and duration of orthodontic treatment.
Hydrological simulation uncertainties in small basins through the SWAT model
Authors: Venzon Pedro Thiago , Pinheiro Adilson , Kaufmann Vander
Published: November 2018

RESUMO A modelagem hidrológica é uma das principais ferramentas de apoio à gestão dos recursos hídricos. Entretanto, vários fatores dificultam a extrapolação dos parâmetros estimados em bacias com grandes áreas de contribuição para bacias de pequena dimensão. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as incertezas na simulação de vazões em bacias de pequena dimensão. O processo metodológico envolveu a aplicação do modelo de simulação hidrológica Soil and Water Assesssment Tool (SWAT) à bacia representativa do ribeirão Concórdia (30,74 km 2) e à bacia do rio Itajaí (15.000 km2). Primeiramente, comparou-se 6 cenários distintos de discretização das unidades de respostas hidrológicas (HRUs) na calibração e validação da bacia hidrográfica do ribeirão Concórdia, avaliando-se a influência do número de HRU na simulação de pequena bacia hidrográfica. Em seguida, calibrou-se os parâmetros do modelo para a bacia do rio Itajaí, em 12 estações fluviométricas. Posteriormente, determinou-se uma tendência de variação dos parâmetros calibrados através da formulação de equações de regressão. Estas equações foram elaboradas a partir da correlação entre os índices físicos de cada estação fluviométrica considerada e seus valores. No presente estudo, a discretização das HRUs indicou que não há necessidade de aumentar o número de HRU quando o objetivo a ser alcançado é representar os picos do fluxo de água na pequena bacia hidrográfica. Os resultados obtidos com a aplicação das equações de regressão demonstraram que o coeficiente de compacidade (kC) pode gerar até 42,1% de variação na vazão média e 82,7% na Q95 das sub-bacias. Portanto, a utilização das equações de regressão pode auxiliar na redução das incertezas geradas durante a calibração dos parâmetros.
Developing Unique Geometries of Phosphate-Based Glasses and their Prospective Biomedical Applications
Authors: Ahmed Ifty , Ren Hong , Booth Jonathan
Published: November 2018

Phosphate-based glasses are promising materials for a range of applications including biomedical, veterinary and optical. These glasses are distinguished by the presence of at least one terminal oxygen atom, which gives phosphate-based glasses unique properties of which the most interesting is their easily controllable degradation profiles. This article describes the main structural features and applications of phosphate-based glass materials focusing primarily on biomedical applications. The processes utilised for developing varying geometries such as fibres, solid and porous microspheres and coatings are also explored.
Disproportionate collapse of a cable-stayed bridge
Authors: Domaneschi Marco , Cimellaro Gian Paolo , Scutiero Gianluca
Published: November 2018

The disproportionate collapse of an existing cable-stayed bridge was investigated at the numerical level by employing a validated model from the literature and the applied-element method. An earthquake input was used for the numerical simulations and applied at increasing intensity to assess the bridge response. The role of redundancy in the bridge structural scheme was proved to be a strategic measure for avoiding disproportionate collapse and improving robustness. Therefore, an alternative configuration of the structural scheme was assessed as a possible countermeasure to improve the response of the cable-stayed bridge by providing different loading paths against disproportionate collapse. New redundancy indices that account for the system reserve resources are also introduced.
Nano-ozone bubbles for drinking water treatment
Authors: Batagoda Janitha Hewa , Hewage Shaini Dailsha Aluthgun , Meegoda Jay N
Published: November 2018

Safe drinking water is a key necessity, and ozonation is one of the common processes in drinking water preparation. The main drawbacks of using conventional ozone methods are the high-buoyancy-related low retention time and rapid decomposition of ozone eradicating residual ozone in water, which do not support prevention of regrowth of microorganisms in treated water. When ozone is delivered as nanobubbles, it increases the retention time due to the low-rising-velocity-related low buoyancy and increased higher specific area of nanobubbles compared to those of ordinary bubbles. The diffusion and concentration of ozone in the water are very important in the treatment process. Experimental results and theoretical calculations show that using nanobubbles leads to lower diffusion and higher ozone concentration compared to using ordinary bubbles. Decomposition of ozone in water generates oxygen where higher oxygen concentrations are obtained using nanobubbles. The oxygen formed during decomposition of ozone generates radicals that can oxidise pollutants. This paper summarises the methods of generating nanobubbles for drinking water treatment at the commercial scale and proposes a method of using ceramic diffusers in a treatment plant with increased efficiency. Moreover, the cost–benefit analysis presented highlights the benefits of using ozone as nanobubbles.
Numerical modelling of the Ivens shaft construction in Lisbon, Portugal
Authors: Pedro António , Zdravković Lidija , Potts David , Almeida e Sousa Jorge
Published: November 2018

The traditional use of shafts is that of simple geotechnical structures, built to provide direct access to the subsoil to either access existing facilities, or to provide a launch chamber for new excavations. More recently, shafts have been constructed with complex geometries and directly incorporated as part of a permanent basement or metro station. One such complex structure is the Ivens shaft in Lisbon, Portugal, which is yet to be built. The construction of this shaft represents a geotechnical challenge due to its complex shape and location in central Lisbon, surrounded by several historic buildings and having in its close vicinity the Baixa–Chiado metro station. This paper presents a sophisticated three-dimensional numerical simulation of the Ivens shaft construction, with a focus on assessing its effect on the existing buildings and the metro station and on the structural forces induced in its lining. The importance of integrating in the analysis the appropriate constitutive modelling of the different formations, the realistic initialisation of the ground conditions and the stiffness of the buildings, is discussed in detail. Although this is a class A prediction of a specific case study, it provides an insight into the general soil–structure interaction of a complex underground excavation.
Impacting factors and properties of limestone calcined clay cements (LC3)
Authors: Scrivener Karen , Avet François , Maraghechi Hamed , Zunino Franco , Ston Julien , Hanpongpun Wilasinee , Favier Aurélie
Published: November 2018

This paper details the main factors influencing the performance of limestone calcined clay cements (LC3). The kaolinite content plays a major role in the rheological properties as well as strength development. Even in the presence of secondary phases, kaolinite can be accurately quantified by thermogravimetric analysis. The performance of LC3 is slightly influenced by the calcination process of clay, but it can be optimized by using the correct calcination temperature and applying a specific mix design with adjusted sulfate and alkali content. The hydration reactions of LC3 are fully characterized. They vary slightly from plain cement. There is no significant change in terms of phase assemblage. The main properties of LC3 are also described. LC3 blends show a lower creep compliance and a delay in shrinkage strains compared with plain cement. Concerning durability, LC3 blends show outstanding performance with respect to resisting chloride ingress and expansion from the alkali–silica reaction.
The Limits of Policy Analytics: Early Examples and the Emerging Boundary of Possibilities
Authors: Longo Justin , Dobell Alan Rodney
Published: November 2018

Policy analytics has emerged as a modification of traditional policy analysis, where the discrete stages of the policy cycle are reformulated into a continuous, real-time system of big data collection, data analytics, and ubiquitous, connected technologies that provides the basis for more precise problem definition, policy experimentation for revealing detailed insights into system dynamics, and ongoing assessment of the impact of micro-scale policy interventions to nudge behaviour towards desired policy objectives. Theoretical and applied work in policy analytics research and practice is emerging that offers a persuasive case for the future possibilities of a real-time approach to policymaking and governance. However, policy problems often operate on long time cycles where the effect of policy interventions on behaviour and decisions can be observed only over long periods, and often only indirectly. This article surveys examples in the policy analytics literature, infers from those examples some characteristics of the policy problems and settings that lend themselves to a policy analytics approach, and suggests the boundaries of feasible policy analytics. Rather than imagine policy analytics as a universal replacement for the decades-old policy analysis approach, a sense of this boundary will allow us to more effectively consider the appropriate application of real-time policy analytics.
Major results of a phase III comparative multicenter study on the follitropin alfa biosimilar (Primapur®) and the original follitropin alfa (Gonal-f®)
Authors: Barakhoeva Z. B. , Vovk L. A. , Zorina I. V. , Belousova N. Yu. , Teterina T. A. , Yakovenko S. A. , Apryshko V. P. , Fetisova Yu. A. , Marilova N. A. , Morozova E. G. , Ovchinnikova M. M. , Tishenko M. A. , Sherbatyuk Yu. V. , Kolotovkina A. V. , Miskun A. A. , Kasyanova G. V. , Sichinava L. G. , Shalinа R. I. , Polzikov M. A.
Published: November 2018

A clinical study on the efficacy and safety of follitropin alfa has been conducted. The aim of the study was to confirm the therapeutic equivalence between the follitropin alfa biosimilar (Primapur®) and the reference medication (Gonal-f®) in controlled induction of superovulation within the assisted reproductive technologies (ART) programs. Materials and methods. This multicenter, randomized, blind at the embryological stage, in parallel groups, comparative study of phase III (RCT 754 from 26.10.16/NCT03088137) involved 110 women aged 20-35 years with established causes of infertility (tubal factor, male factor). The patients were randomized into 2 equal groups of 55 participants each. The primary end-point for assessing the therapeutic equivalence was the number of aspirated oocytes. The secondary end-points included the number of fertilized oocytes, the number of days of stimulation, the total dose of the injected drug, the occurrence rate of biochemical and clinical pregnancies. Results. In this study, the follitropin alfa biosimilar was shown to be equivalent to the original follitropin in terms of the number of aspirated oocytes. Also, no statistically significant differences were found in the number of mature and fertilized oocytes, the days of stimulation, the dose of the drug administered during the treatment, and the rate of the onset of biochemical or clinical pregnancy. Conclusion. The therapeutic equivalence between the follitropin alfa containing Primapur® and Gonal-f® has been demonstrated.
Ultrastructure of placenta in antenatal fetal death
Authors: Chereshnev V. A. , Pichugova S. V. , Tulakina L. G. , Klein A. V. , Savinova T. L. , Lebedeva L. M. , Beikin Ya. B.
Published: November 2018

The current obstetrical protocols and the improved perinatal services have led to a significant decrease in the intrapartum and neonatal mortality; however, the rate of antenatal fetal death remains high. In a search for a mechanism of this abnormality, we conducted a comprehensive morphological study of the placental ultrastructure in women with antenatal fetal death. Aim: to determine the ultrastructural characteristics of the placenta in these women. Materials and methods. We analyzed 60 cases of antenatal fetal death and conducted an electron microscopic study of placental terminal chorionic villi. The placenta samples were fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde, then processed in alcohol at increasing concentration and acetone for dehydration, and finally polymerized in araldite resin. Ultrathin sections were obtained using an ultra-microtome and then examined with an electron microscope. Results. In 53 (88.3%) women, antenatal fetal death occurred in the early gestation period and in 7 (11.7%) women – at a period of 38-41 weeks. In the main group, the age of women ranged from 18 years to 42 years, and in the comparison group – from 22 to 37 years. In the main group, 16 (26.6%) women were in the late reproductive period (36 years and older). Among the women with antenatal fetal death, the most common diagnoses were: chronic fetoplacental insufficiency (CFPI) – 23 (39%), fetal development retardation syndrome (FDRS) – 16 (27%), and premature detachment of a normally situated placenta (PDNSP) – 10 (17%). Changes in the syncytiotrophoblast structure were detected in patients of both groups; in these changes, signs of vacuolization and destruction were most common. In women of the main group, sclerotic stroma and infiltration by mononuclears were found, whereas loosening and swelling of the stroma were detected in both groups. Changes in the vascular bed were revealed in 100% of cases with antenatal fetal death and in 40% in comparison group. Conclusion. In antenatal fetal death, the most common causes were: CFPI, FDRS, and PDNSP. In the morphological terms, there were destructive changes in the syncytiotrophoblast, edematous-destructive, sclerotic and necrotic changes in the stromal terminal chorionic villi, vascular changes (hypovascularization, stroma obliteration, stasis and erythrocyte sludging, formation of erythrocyte thrombi in the lumens of blood vessels), dysfunctional changes in endotheliocytes, and inflammatory changes.
Hormonal regulation of postnatal growth from birth to age six months in Small-for-Gestational - Age children
Authors: Islamova Kristina F , Ivanov Dmitriy O , Petrenko Yuriy V , Kurzina Elizaveta A
Published: November 2018

This article is devoted to the investigation hormonal mechanisms of postnatal growth from birth to age six months in small for gestational age children (SGA) with asymmetrical and asymmetrical IUGR. The IGF-1 and GH levels, insulin sensitivity (by homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR)) were measured blood at 3 and 6 months of age. The prospective study includes 40 SGA infants (group 1) - 24 - with asymmetrical (1a) and 16 with symmetrical IUGR babies (1b) and 17 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) infants (group 2). Most SGA infants showed rapid, or “catch-up” postnatal growth. Symmetrical IUGR infants with “catch-up” growth had higher IGF-1 and growth GH levels at 3 month of age than asymmetrical IUGR with “catch-up” growth (p < 0,05). From 3 to 6 months of age 77 % of infants with “catch-up” growth showed retardation of growth velocity. At 6 month of age SGA infants with “catch-up” growth had lower IGF-1, GH blood levels and HOMA-IR than at 3 months of age (p < 0,05). Infants without “catch-up” growth had similar hormone levels at 3 and 6 months of age. We suppose, that these changes of “GH - IGF-1” axis and insulin sensitivity at age 3 and 6 months in SGA infants are the mechanisms, which promote the postnatal growth. It can be assumed that the same mechanisms may underlie metabolic disorders in later life.
Modern aspects of uterine bleeding treatment with placenta previa
Authors: Ryazanova Oksana V , Alexandrovich Yuri S , Shifman Efim M , Pshenisnov Konstantin V , Reznik Vitaliy A , Kulikov Aleksander V , Drobinskaya Alla N
Published: November 2018

Uterine bleeding caused by placenta previa is one of the main causes of massive blood loss and death in obstetric practice.Objectives. To analyze the efficacy and safety of various therapeutic strategies to stop uterine bleeding in women in labor and puerperants on the basis of research results.Materials and Methods. Available researches on the diagnosis and treatment of uterine bleeding with placenta previa between 2000 and 2015 were included in the study. The search was carried out in medical databases PubMed and Cochrane Library with free access to the publication.Results. 61 publications were included in the analysis. The basic principles of diagnosis and intensive therapy of uterine bleeding with placenta previa are presented from the position of obstetrician and anaesthesiologist-resuscitator. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of studies evaluating the efficacy and safety of infusion-transfusion therapy in this category of patients. Main indications and contraindications to blood clotting factors and antifibrinolytic agents are shown.Conclusion. The combined use of all available modern methods of stopping uterine bleeding can significantly reduce blood loss and help to improve disease outcomes. The most promising therapy is a targeted assignment of clotting factors concentrates under the control of thromboelastography which indicates the need for further research.
The features and diagnostics of differentiated thyroid carcinoma of children and adolescents
Authors: Skorodok Yulia L , Yakovleva Milena N , Gostimsky Aleksandr V , Zhelenina Lyudmila Alexandrovna
Published: November 2018

The main purpose of research was to study and evaluate the featres and diagnosis of differentiated thyroid carcinoma of children and adolescents. The total of 63 patients with thyroid cancer who had undergone surgery in 1994-2013 in heir hildhood were examined. The history, clinical symptoms, results of pre- and postoperative instrumental and laboratory studies were analyzed. The research showed that three-quarters of thyroid carcinoma patients do not complain. Medical examinations of teenagers allowed to reveal the disease in more than half of cases. Significant place in the diagnostics of thyroid carcinoma occupies ultrasound and fine-needle biopsy (FNB). The most persistent symptoms of thyroid carcinoma are hypoechoic node and indistinct contours of node. The sensitivity of fine-needle aspiration biopsy in relation to thyroid carcinoma was 72.1%. Almost a quarter of patients with thyroid carcinoma combined it with autoimmune thyroid disorders.
Working out of new examination method and dynamical assessment of primary school-aged children with postural abnormality based clinical-instrumental analysis
Authors: Trukhmanov Ivan M , Suslova Galina A
Published: November 2018

Aim. To evaluate the efficacy of a comprehensive survey of children with bad posture by using routine method combined with the non-standard functional test.Materials and methods. We examined 91 children with bad posture aged from 7 to 10 years undergoing treatment in a rehabilitation center. Before treatment, all children were examined using the methods of visual diagnostics and functional tests. We then conducted a nonstandard test to determine the mobility of the sacroiliac joint using computed optical topography (COMET), developed in Novosibirsk research Institute of traumatology and orthopedics. A comparative assessment of the clinical results and hardware examination methods before and after treatment was done.Results. Using computer topographic survey revealed abnormalities in 19 children (21 %), not detected during visual diagnosis on the primary admission. Using non-standard functional test in 34 children (37 %) was first identified functional block of the sacroiliac joint. During re-examination, the positive dynamics was revealed in 68 (75 %) children.Conclusion. The conducted comprehensive survey in children has allowed to put a correct diagnosis at admission to treatment and to monitor the dynamics during the treatment course. Use of computer optical topography in combination with a number of standard and non-standard functional tests enhanced the accuracy and objectivity of the assessment of the musculoskeletal system of the patients, including allows to detecting functional blocks of the sacroiliac joint.
Community-acquired pneumonia in children. The modern features
Authors: Sergeeva Evgeniya V , Petrova Svetlana I
Published: November 2018

Acute respiratory infections are one of the most frequent diseases among children and teenagers around the World. Pneumonia which caused by infectious agents is dangerous disease of the lower respiratory tract that can lead to the death. The continuing high level of morbidity and mortality causes the issue. The article describes the WHO criteria for the diagnosis of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) and CAP severity indicators, also radiographic signs of CAP and modern epidemiological data. The etiological structure of CAP has age-specific peculiarities. Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) is leading causative agent of CAP, it causes invasive and non-invasive forms of pneumonia. The role of atypical pathogens (Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Chlamydophila pneumoniae) and viruses was mentioned. The etiology of CAP may vary depending on geographic area, vaccination coverage, using antibiotics. The modern methods for identification of S. pneumoniae were itemized in the article. The own identification from blood lytA gene and cpsA gene S. pneumoniae by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) frequency data was presented. Among examined patients who were hospitalized in clinic SPbGPMU in 2011-2015 years attending preschool children less than 5 years of age prevailed (which accounted for 48%). The invasive form is revealed at 34% of the patients with CAP. In this group of patients course of the disease was severity, there was complications such as pneumothorax, pulmonary edema, and pleural exudation.
Liver dysfunction in pathogenesis of burn disease and its correction with succinate-containing drugs
Authors: Brus Tatiana V , Khaytsev Nikolay V , Kravtsova Aleftina A
Published: November 2018

Current information on the effects of extensive and deep burns upon the liver functions as well as some novel methods of its correction with succinic acid derivates are reviewed. The liver is the main target organ for extensive burn injuries. Manifestations of cytolytic and cholestatic syndrome were observed already on the first days of the disease. To correct these conditions a comprehensive layout of the infusion of intensive therapy is needed. In burn disease it is impossible to restore the circulating blood volume only by infusion of plasma-substituting solutions. Thus, these cocktails must contain drugs, stabilizing metabolic disorders and reducing the concentration of proinflammatory cytokines. Complex intensive therapy in case of burns should also include correction of energy production within the cells without increasing oxygen transport. Substrate antihypoxic drugs are used in order to reduce the need of tissues for oxygen, stabilization of cell membranes and reduction of lipid peroxidation. Succinic acid is a substrate antihypoxic drug capable of detoxification, antihypoxic, antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects. Its derivates modify cellular respiration, compensate for metabolic acidosis, reducing lactate, pyruvate and citrate concentration, normalize histamine and serotonin concentration, improve microcirculation without affecting systemic hemodynamics. All of these effects are pathogenetically substantiated in the treatment of patients with burns. Data regarding the use of drugs on the basis of succinic acid in the treatment of patients with extensive deep burns, critical and supercritical burns during various periods of burn disease, their influence on the severity of multiple organ dysfunction in these patients, the presence of hepatoprotective effect are reported in a few of publications and their conclusions are so far ambiguous enough.
Colobomatous cysts of optic nerve
Authors: Sadovnikova Nataliia N , Shereshevsky Vlidimir A , Prisich Natalia V , Brzesky Vladimir V , Li Dmitriy Yu
Published: November 2018

Objectives of publication:presentation of a rare clinical observation from our own practice.Key points:colobomatous orbital cyst with microphthalmos — rare anomaly of an embryonal development of an eyeball, it is formed owing to “filling” of an optic nerve with the intraocular liquid coming to him from a vitreous chamber through сoloboma of disk because of violation of hydrodynamics in a forward segment of an eye. Usually this anomaly is combined with microphthalmic eye, though cases of a colobomatous cyst with a normal size of an eyeball, and also with other anomalies of development of an eye (inferior uveoretinal coloboma, prepupillary membrane, corneal opacity) are described.Сlinical observation:during 2015 in our department there were two children to whom after the carried-out inspection the diagnosis of a colobomatous cysts of optic nerve has been exposed. Concerning the first child waiting tactics has been recognized expedient, at repeated surveys in 1 and 4 months of any dynamics in the ophthalmologic status it hasn’t been revealed. To the second child because of the expressed exophthalmos with lagophthalmia, with perforation threat, surgical intervention – a puncture and drainage of a cyst of an optic nerve is performed. After operation the correct situation and mobility of an eyeball were restored, xerotic changes of a cornea and conjunctiva have decreased.Conclusions:from the pathogenetic mechanism of cystous formation of an orbit, it is more logical to specify the clinical diagnosis a mention in him an optic nerve – “сolobomatous cysts of optic nerve”. Surgical treatment depends on the sizes of cyst, degree of exophthalmos and existence of complications.
Multiorgan violations in connective tissue dysplasia in children. diagnostic and management standards. Russian draft recommendations
Authors: Abbakumova Larisa N , Arsentev Vadim G , Kadurina Tamara I , Kopceva Anna V , Krasnova Elena E , Mambetova Aneta M , Nesterenko Zoea V , Chuhlovina Maria L
Published: November 2018

In October 2014 in Moscow at the XIII Russian Congress “Innovative Technologies in Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery” was adopted the first part of the Russian recommendations “Congenital and multifactorial hereditary connective tissue disorders in children. Diagnostic algorithms. Tactics of treatment”. Multifactorial connective tissue dysplasia have a high prevalence in the population. We present the second part of the draft Guidelines dealing with multiple organ disorders in the connective tissue dysplasia. Despite the high level of modern molecular techniques, clarification of their nosology remains a distant prospect. Figuring out the incidence of connective tissue dysplasia hindered by the lack of common terminology, standardized diagnostic criteria, as well as the practical inaccessibility of modern molecular genetic techniques to identify the disease. In the first part of the Guidelines we could not find a place for all aspects of this complex issue, which bears an interdisciplinary approach. Later it was planned to develop recommendations for doctors of various specialties. During writing the second part it was taken into account the specialists and research teams from St Petersburg, Moscow, Tver, Omsk, Novosibirsk, Ivanovo, Chelyabinsk, Izhevsk, Orenburg, Smolensk, Petrozavodsk, Nalchik, Barnaul, Saratov, Rostov-on-Don, Voronezh, Stavropol, Yaroslavl. The core of the group works in active collaboration since 2008. The draft of the second part of the recommendation characterized especially multifactorial connective tissue dysplasia in infants, multiple organ disorders of the cardiovascular, respiratory, urinary system, gastrointestinal tract, hemostasis, nervous, musculoskeletal, upper respiratory tract and maxillodental apparatus. It sets out the course and tactics of various diseases with concurrent connective tissue dysplasia.
Noncarrying Оf Pregnancy In Women Оf Different Body Types
Authors: Gaydukov Sergey N , Tomaeva Kristina G , Komissarova Elena N
Published: November 2018

Noncarrying of pregnancy is one of the most urgent obstetrical problems, because it entails not only a decrease in the birth rate, but also has a negative impact on women’s reproductive health. Given the fact that the incidence of miscarriage remains high, the purpose of our research was to study of miscarriage in women with different body types at the present stage. Was examined 119 pregnant women, of which 34 (28,6%) had macrosomatic type, 52 (43,7%) of patients - mesosomatotype, and 33 (27,7%) had microsomatotype. 59,7% were nulliparous women and 40,3% were multiparous. It was noted that the threat of abortion at different gestational ages was more often diagnosed in women microsomatic body type. Premature delivery is also more frequent in the women with microsomatic body type.
Конгломераты, комплексы, гибриды: паттерны многофункциональности в жилище
Authors: Кияненко Константин Васильевич
Published: November 2018

С междисциплинарных позиций рассматривается феномен многофункциональности в жилище, его истоки, эволюция, современное состояние, факторы формирования и преимущества. Проводится сравнение понятий многофункциональных жилых образований и вкладываемого в них содержания – в российской и продвинутой зарубежной жилищной теории и практике. Вскрывается неопределённость, смутность отечественных определений. Объясняются отличия русскоязычной и англоязычной терминологии. Делается вывод о целесообразности выделять три формы многофункциональности в жилище, отличающиеся степенью интеграции функций: конгломераты, комплексы и гибриды. Устанавливается связь между формами многофункциональности и формирующими их рыночными предпосылка-ми (спросом и предложением).
Анализ современных форм государственной поддержки ипотечного кредитования в РФ как фактора роста доступности ипотечного кредитования для населения
Authors: Коростелева Татьяна Сергеевна , Целин Владимир Евгеньевич
Published: November 2018

В статье изучены современные тенденции развития ипотечного кредитования в РФ с акцентом на динамику ипотечных ставок, проанализированы банковские программы, предлагающие своим заемщикам минимальные процентные ставки, изучены программы господдержки, реализуемые в 2018 году как на федеральном, так и региональных уровнях. Обоснована и доказана необходимость расширения государственной поддержки ипотечного кредитования в России. Намечены механизмы господдержки региональных ипотечных рынков на основе расширения круга пользователей социальной ипотекой, а также разработки и реализации механизмов господдержки региональных ипотечных рынков на основе системной дифференциации регионов РФ.
Antibiotic Resistance Patterns and Molecular Typing of Acinetobacter Baumannii Strains Isolated from Burn Patients in Iran
Authors: Nourbakhsh Fahimeh , Tajbakhsh Elaheh , Daneshmand Dana , Borooni Samaneh , Nourbakhsh Vajiheh
Published: November 2018

Background and Aims: Acinetobacter baumannii is an important multidrug-resistant opportunistic pathogen frequently causing various nosocomial infections and is a serious threat to burn patients. These infections are usually caused by the outbreak strains. The aim of this study was to show antibiotic resistance pattern and molecular typing of A.baumannii genes isolates collected from burn patients and also distribution of different types of burn patients.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 307 different strains were detected. Totally 100 A.baumannii strain was selected in burn center of Isfahan hospital. Antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by disk diffusion method (Kirby Bauer). The presence of genes coding in antibiotic resistance were analyzed by using M-PCR method. The standard strains of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and A. baumannii ATCC 19606 were used as negative and positive controls.
Results: The antibiotic resistance pattern for A.baumannii showed high resistance for ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, and tetracycline with frequency of 82.5%, 75.3%, 72%, respectively. Moreover, the most sensitive antibiotics were chloramphenicol, and nitrofurantoin with the resistance frequency of 3.9% and 2.8%. CITM (91.1%) was the highest detected gene.
Conclusions: High prevalence of antibiotic resistance pattern among A.baumannii isolated from burn center hospitals indicates the important role of multidrug resistant isolates.
Morphine and Methadone for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: A Systematic Review
Authors: Slowiczek Lindsay , Hein Darren J. , Risoldi Cochrane Zara , Gregory Philip J.
Published: November 2018

Purpose

To compare the effects of morphine and methadone on length of hospital stay (LOS) or treatment (LOT) and adverse effects in infants with neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS).

Design

Systematic review.

Sample

PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane library, CINAHL, IPA, American Academy of Pediatrics, and clinicaltrials.gov were systematically searched to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies. comparing morphine and methadone for NAS.

Outcomes

LOS, LOT, adverse effects.

Results

One RCT, two cohort studies, and two chart reviews met inclusion criteria. Each had a low risk of bias. LOS ranged from 12.08 to 36 days with morphine and 21 to 44.23 days with methadone. LOT ranged from 7.46 to 22.9 days (morphine) and 13.9 to 38.08 days (methadone). Adverse effects were not reported. Clinical evidence comparing morphine to methadone for NAS treatment is limited and conflicting. A recommendation for one over the other cannot be made based on these outcomes.
Estruturas causativas, reflexivas, recíprocas e anticausativas na língua Tenetehára-Guajajára (Família Tupí-Guaraní)
Authors: Castro Ricardo Campos , Camargos Quesler Fagundes
Published: November 2018

O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar uma análise das estruturas causativas, reflexivas, recíprocas e anticausativas na língua Tenetehára. Pretendemos demonstrar que esta língua apresenta dois morfemas causativos, a saber: (i) o morfema {mu-}, que causativiza verbos intransitivos, introduzindo uma causação direta, e (ii) o morfema {-kar}, cuja função é causativizar verbos transitivos, introduzindo uma causação indireta. Além disso, como será visto, as construções que vêm marcadas por meio do morfema {ze-} exibem propriedades de estruturas reflexivas, recíprocas e anticausativas. De forma sucinta, este morfema afixa-se apenas a verbos transitivos, diminuído sua valência. Adicionalmente, buscaremos analisar as propriedades morfossintáticas e semânticas da coocorrência do prefixo {ze-} com os morfemas causativos {mu-} e {-kar}. Finalmente, verificaremos como se dá o mecanismo de retomada anafórica, a ordem linear em que estes afixos ocorrem, e a semântica relacionada à dinâmica das forças perceptíveis no evento, que é sensível às derivações pertinentes.