bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Identification of common mechanisms and biomarkers for dermatomyositis and atherosclerosis based on bioinformatics analysis
Authors: Ma Yirong , Lai Junyu , Wan Qiang , Chen Zhengtao , Sun Liqiang , Zhang Qinhe , Guan Chengyan , Li Qiming , Wu Jianguang
Published: June 2024

Background

Dermatomyositis (DM) manifests as an autoimmune and inflammatory condition, clinically characterized by subacute progressive proximal muscle weakness, rashes or both along with extramuscular manifestations. Literature indicates that DM shares common risk factors with atherosclerosis (AS), and they often co‐occur, yet the etiology and pathogenesis remain to be fully elucidated. This investigation aims to utilize bioinformatics methods to clarify the crucial genes and pathways that influence the pathophysiology of both DM and AS.

Method

Microarray datasets for DM (GSE128470, GSE1551, GSE143323) and AS (GSE100927, GSE28829, GSE43292) were retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The weighted gene co‐expression network analysis (WGCNA) was used to reveal their co‐expressed modules. Differentially expression genes (DEGs) were identified using the “limma” package in R software, and the functions of common DEGs were determined by functional enrichment analysis. A protein‐protein interaction (PPI) network was established using the STRING database, with central genes evaluated by the cytoHubba plugin, and validated through external datasets. Immune infiltration analysis of the hub genes was conducted using the CIBERSORT method, along with Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Finally, the NetworkAnalyst platform was employed to examine the transcription factors (TFs) responsible for regulating pivotal crosstalk genes.

Results

Utilizing WGCNA analysis, a total of 271 overlapping genes were pinpointed. Subsequent DEG analysis revealed 34 genes that are commonly found in both DM and AS, including 31 upregulated genes and 3 downregulated genes. The Degree Centrality algorithm was applied separately to the WGCNA and DEG collections to select the 15 genes with the highest connectivity, and crossing the two gene sets yielded 3 hub genes (PTPRC, TYROBP, CXCR4). Validation with external datasets showed their diagnostic value for DM and AS. Analysis of immune infiltration indicates that lymphocytes and macrophages are significantly associated with the pathogenesis of DM and AS. Moreover, GSEA analysis suggested that the shared genes are enriched in various receptor interactions and multiple cytokines and receptor signaling pathways. We coupled the 3 hub genes with their respective predicted genes, identifying a potential key TF, CBFB, which interacts with all 3 hub genes.

Conclusion

This research utilized comprehensive bioinformatics techniques to explore the shared pathogenesis of DM and AS. The three key genes, including PTPRC, TYROBP, and CXCR4, are related to the pathogenesis of DM and AS. The central genes and their correlations with immune cells may serve as potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
U–Pb calcite dating reveals the origin of a 600 km‐long intraplate fault: The Balcones Fault System of Texas
Authors: Hippolyte Jean‐Claude , Mann Paul , Henry Pierre , Guihou Abel , Deschamps Pierre , Ourliac Camille , Godeau Nicolas , Marié Lionnel , Gordon Mark B.
Published: June 2024

Timing is a key data for understanding the origin of faulting. The Balcones fault system (BFS) extends ~600 km along the northern margin of the Gulf of Mexico oil basin and controls springs that supply the major cities in Texas, but its origin is unclear. We provide its first direct timing by applying U–Pb geochronology on seven calcite‐mineralized fault surfaces. We have found that this extensional fault system formed during the Palaeocene‐middle Eocene time (from 61.3 ± 2.7 to 45.4 ± 2.1 Ma), which is much earlier than previous estimates. We show that the formation of the BFS coincides with the largest clastic influx in the northern Gulf of Mexico basin that resulted from Laramide uplift and erosion. This timing and the location of the BFS along the Ouachita suture, support our interpretation of this fault system formed as the result of lithospheric flexure related to Paleogene sedimentary loading.
Management of massive haemorrhage in transfusion medicine services in the Middle East and North Africa
Authors: Al‐Riyami Arwa Z. , Hejres Suha , Elshafy Sanaa Abd , Al Humaidan Hind , Samaha Hanady
Published: June 2024

Background and Objectives

Massive transfusion protocols (MTPs) are critical in managing haemorrhage, yet their utilization varies. There is lack of data on the utilization of MTPs in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. This study aims to assess the degree of utilization of MTPs in the region.

Materials and Methods

We conducted a survey to collect data on MTP use, inviting medical directors of transfusion services from various hospitals. Data were analysed to determine the prevalence of MTP utilization, their compositions, challenges in application and areas of future need.

Results

Eighteen respondents participated, representing 11 countries in the region. Thirteen hospitals implemented MTP, and eight included paediatrics. Eleven institutions used more than one definition of massive haemorrhage, with the most common being ≥10 red blood cell (RBC) units transfused for adults and replacement of >50% total blood volume in paediatrics. The majority of sites with MTPs utilized 1:1:1 RBCs:platelets:plasma ratio (70%). Variations were observed in the types and blood groups of components used. Two sites utilized whole blood, while six are considering it for future use. Utilization of adjunctive agents and frequency of laboratory testing varied among the sites. Challenges included the lack of medical expertise in protocol development, adherence and paediatric application. The need assessment emphasized the need for developing regional guidelines, standardized protocols and training initiatives.

Conclusion

Although several hospitals have adopted MTPs, variations exist in activation criteria, blood product ratios and monitoring. Challenges include the lack of medical expertise, protocol adherence and addressing paediatric needs. Standardizing protocols, enhancing training and paediatric application are crucial for improving massive transfusion management in the region.
Effects of resistance exercise, collagen ingestion and circulating oestrogen concentration on collagen synthesis in a female athlete: A case report
Authors: Lee Joonsung , Tang Jonathan C. Y. , Dutton John , Dunn Rachel , Fraser William D. , Enright Kevin , Clark David R. , Stewart Claire E. , Erskine Robert M.
Published: June 2024

We investigated the effects of resistance exercise (RE), hydrolysed collagen (HC) ingestion and circulating oestrogen concentration on collagen synthesis in a naturally menstruating female CrossFit athlete. In a double‐blind, randomised cross‐over design, the participant (36 years; height 1.61 m; mass 82.6 kg) consumed 0 or 30 g HC prior to performing back‐squat RE when endogenous circulating oestrogen concentration was low (onset of menses, OM) and high (late follicular phase, LF) during two consecutive menstrual cycles. Ten 5‐mL blood samples were collected during each of the four interventions to analyse concentrations of serum 17β‐oestradiol, and biomarkers of type I collagen turnover, that is serum procollagen type I N‐terminal propeptide (PINP, a biomarker of collagen synthesis) and plasma β‐isomerised C‐terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (β‐CTX, a biomarker of collagen breakdown), as well as the serum concentration of 18 collagen amino acids. 17β‐Oestradiol concentration was 5‐fold higher at LF (891 ± 116 pmol L−1) than OM (180 ± 13 pmol L−1). The PINP concentration × time area under the curve (AUC) was higher in the 30 g HC OM intervention (201 μg L−1 h) than the 30 g HC LF (144 μg L−1 h), 0 g HC OM (151 μg L−1 h) and 0 g HC LF (122 μg L−1 h) interventions. β‐CTX concentration decreased 1.4‐fold from pre‐RE to 6 h post‐RE in all interventions. Thus, high circulating oestrogen concentration was associated with lower collagen synthesis following RE in this female athlete. Ingesting 30 g HC, however, augmented the collagen synthesis response at LF and particularly at OM.
Additional Natural Frequency of the Beam Carrying a Spring-Mass System: Lost and Found
Authors: Zawadzki Matthieu , Elishakoff Isaac
Published: June 2024

This study revisits the free vibration of a cantilever beam with a mass-spring system attached at the tip of the beam. We recover the natural frequencies that were reported in some special case, and establish that there could be an additional, “lost” frequency that was somehow not uncovered in previous investigations. This frequency is found hereinafter.
Combined JAK inhibition and PD-1 immunotherapy for non–small cell lung cancer patients
Authors: Mathew Divij , Marmarelis Melina E. , Foley Caitlin , Bauml Joshua M. , Ye Darwin , Ghinnagow Reem , Ngiow Shin Foong , Klapholz Max , Jun Soyeong , Zhang Zhaojun , Zorc Robert , Davis Christiana W. , Diehn Maximillian , Giles Josephine R. , Huang Alexander C. , Hwang Wei-Ting , Zhang Nancy R. , Schoenfeld Adam J. , Carpenter Erica L. , Langer Corey J. , Wherry E. John , Minn Andy J.
Published: June 2024

Persistent inflammation driven by cytokines such as type-one interferon (IFN-I) can cause immunosuppression. We show that administration of the Janus kinase 1 (JAK1) inhibitor itacitinib after anti–PD-1 (programmed cell death protein 1) immunotherapy improves immune function and antitumor responses in mice and results in high response rates (67%) in a phase 2 clinical trial for metastatic non–small cell lung cancer. Patients who failed to respond to initial anti–PD-1 immunotherapy but responded after addition of itacitinib had multiple features of poor immune function to anti–PD-1 alone that improved after JAK inhibition. Itacitinib promoted CD8 T cell plasticity and therapeutic responses of exhausted and effector memory–like T cell clonotypes. Patients with persistent inflammation refractory to itacitinib showed progressive CD8 T cell terminal differentiation and progressive disease. Thus, JAK inhibition may improve the efficacy of anti–PD-1 immunotherapy by pivoting T cell differentiation dynamics.
Structure and repair of replication-coupled DNA breaks
Authors: Pavani Raphael , Tripathi Veenu , Vrtis Kyle B. , Zong Dali , Chari Raj , Callen Elsa , Pankajam Ajith V. , Zhen Gang , Matos-Rodrigues Gabriel , Yang Jiajie , Wu Shuheng , Reginato Giordano , Wu Wei , Cejka Petr , Walter Johannes C. , Nussenzweig André
Published: June 2024

Using CRISPR-Cas9 nicking enzymes, we examined the interaction between the replication machinery and single-strand breaks, one of the most common forms of endogenous DNA damage. We show that replication fork collapse at leading-strand nicks generates resected single-ended double-strand breaks (seDSBs) that are repaired by homologous recombination (HR). If these seDSBs are not promptly repaired, arrival of adjacent forks creates double-ended DSBs (deDSBs), which could drive genomic scarring in HR-deficient cancers. deDSBs can also be generated directly when the replication fork bypasses lagging-strand nicks. Unlike deDSBs produced independently of replication, end resection at nick-induced seDSBs and deDSBs is BRCA1-independent. Nevertheless, BRCA1 antagonizes 53BP1 suppression of RAD51 filament formation. These results highlight distinctive mechanisms that maintain replication fork stability.
No place like home
Authors: Clery Daniel
Published: June 2024

The hunt for Earth-like planets has run into headwinds. Some astronomers are looking for signs of habitability on bigger worlds
Wheat scientists unveil historic ‘gold mine’
Authors: Stokstad Erik
Published: June 2024

Genome sequencing of century-old collection could help breeders restore long-lost traits
Unveiling the fungal diversity and associated secondary metabolism on black apples
Authors: Cowled Michael S. , Phippen Christopher B. W. , Kromphardt Kresten J. K. , Clemmensen Sidsel E. , Frandsen Rasmus J. N. , Frisvad Jens C. , Larsen Thomas O.
Published: June 2024

Black apples are the result of late-stage microbial decomposition after falling to the ground. This phenomenon is highly comparable from year to year, with the filamentous fungus
Monilinia fructigena
most commonly being the first invader, followed by
Penicillium expansum
. Motivated by the fact that only little chemistry has been reported from apple microbiomes, we set out to investigate the chemical diversity and potential ecological roles of secondary metabolites (SMs) in a total of 38 black apples. Metabolomics analyses were conducted on either whole apples or small excisions of fungal biomass derived from black apples. Annotation of fungal SMs in black apple extracts was aided by the cultivation of 15 recently isolated fungal strains on 9 different substrates in a One Strain Many Compounds (OSMAC) approach, leading to the identification of 3,319 unique chemical features. Only 6.4% were attributable to known compounds based on analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography–high-resolution mass spectrometry (HPLC–HRMS/MS) data using spectral library matching tools. Of the 1,606 features detected in the black apple extracts, 32% could be assigned as fungal-derived, due to their presence in the OSMAC-based training data set. Notably, the detection of several antifungal compounds indicates the importance of such compounds for the invasion of and control of other microbial competitors on apples. In conclusion, the diversity and abundance of microbial SMs on black apples were found to be much higher than that typically observed for other environmental microbiomes. Detection of SMs known to be produced by the six fungal species tested also highlights a succession of fungal growth following the initial invader
M. fructigena
.

IMPORTANCE

Microbial secondary metabolites constitute a significant reservoir of biologically potent and clinically valuable chemical scaffolds. However, their usefulness is hampered by rapidly developing resistance, resulting in reduced profitability of such research endeavors. Hence, the ecological role of such microbial secondary metabolites must be considered to understand how best to utilize such compounds as chemotherapeutics. Here, we explore an under-investigated environmental microbiome in the case of black apples; a veritable “low-hanging fruit,” with relatively high abundances and diversity of microbially produced secondary metabolites. Using both a targeted and untargeted metabolomics approach, the interplay between metabolites, other microbes, and the apple host itself was investigated. This study highlights the surprisingly low incidence of known secondary metabolites in such a system, highlighting the need to study the functionality of secondary metabolites in microbial interactions and complex microbiomes.
Draft genome sequence of
Bacillus safensis
strain WOIS2 KX774194, a nitrile-metabolizing bacterium isolated from solid waste leachates at Olusosun dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos State, Nigeria
Authors: Ogunyemi Adewale K. , Buraimoh Olanike M. , Dauda Wadzani P. , Akapo Olufunmilayo O. , Ogunyemi Bukola C. , Samuel Titilola A. , Ilori Matthew O. , Amund Olukayode O.
Published: June 2024

Bacillus safensis
strain WOIS2, a nitrile-metabolizing bacterium, was isolated from solid waste leachates at the Olusosun dumpsite, Ojota, Lagos State, Nigeria. Here, we present the draft genome sequence of strain WOIS2. These data provide valuable information on the bioprospecting of
B. safensis
nitrilase and other intriguing genes of interest.
Viscoelastic testing guided coagulation management in factor VII deficiency for spinal anaesthesia and caesarean section
Authors: Yoon Uzung , Haley Shannon , Huffnagle Suzanne , Huffnagle Jane
Published: June 2024

The risks and benefits of spinal anaesthesia must be assessed in patients with coagulation disorders. A woman in her 20s with congenital factor VII (FVII) deficiency (31%) was admitted at 38 weeks for caesarean delivery. A rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) analysis showed normal coagulation and spinal anaesthesia was performed safely. A repeated ROTEM analysis after haemostasis and uterine closure showed normal coagulation without fibrinolysis. No prophylactic FVII was administered, resulting in a cost savings of US$12 884. FVII level did not predict bleeding or fibrinolysis and FVII and tranexamic acid were not indicated.
Abstracts from international emergency medicine journals
Authors: Production EMJ
Published: June 2024

Editor’s note: EMJ has partnered with the journals of multiple international emergency medicine societies to share from each a highlighted research study, as selected by their editors. This edition will feature an abstract from each publication.
FRACTAL-FRACTIONAL SIRS MODEL FOR THE DISEASE DYNAMICS IN BOTH PREY AND PREDATOR WITH SINGULAR AND NONSINGULAR KERNELS
Authors: AHMAD ZUBAIR , BONANOMI GIULIANO , CARDONE ANGELAMARIA , IUORIO ANNALISA , TORALDO GERARDO , GIANNINO FRANCESCO
Published: June 2024

In this study, we consider a mathematical model for the disease dynamics in both prey and predator by considering the Susceptible–Infected–Recovered–Susceptible (SIRS) model with the prey–predator Lotka–Volterra differential equations. Carrying capacity, predation, migration, and immunity loss are also taken into account for both species. Using the law of mass action, the physical model is transformed into a nonlinear coupled system of ODEs. The classical/integer order ODE system is then generalized through the fractal-fractional differential operators of power law and Mittag-Leffler kernels. For the model under consideration, we additionally check for positivity, boundedness, the basic reproduction number, and equilibrium points. Graphical results are obtained by use of a numerical approach, and the existence and uniqueness of the solution are also established theoretically. The graphical solutions has been displayed via 2D and 3D phase plots. It has been shown that when the fractional order reduces, the amplitude of the chaotic attractor dynamics shrinks, along with the range of limit cycles and periodic trajectories while a drop in the fractal dimension parameter causes an increase in the time period of the chaotic attractor dynamics. This study not only improves the understanding of epidemic breakouts in predator–prey systems, but also highlights the efficiency of fractal-fractional calculus in ecological modeling.
Influence of stimulation frequency on early and late phase rate of torque and velocity development
Authors: Paris Michael T. , Zero Alexander M. , Rice Charles L.
Published: June 2024

We show that during an “unloaded” isotonic contraction, the early phase rate of velocity development is more dependent upon a high electrical activation frequency compared with the late phase, similar to isometric torque. However, early and late phase rates of velocity development of moderately loaded isotonic contractions display similar responses. These results indicate that the determinants of isotonic shortening function are dependent on the externally applied load, highlighting the importance of task-specificity of contraction.
Effectiveness and Safety of Shengmai San for Viral Myocarditis: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials
Authors: Zhang Bing-rui , Liu Xue-han , Ling Yu-tong , Lu Chun-li , Jin Xin-yan , Wei Yi-ming , Cai Yi-qing , Robinson Nicola , Liu Jian-ping
Published: June 2024

Background: Shengmai San (SMS) is a traditional Chinese medicine formula used for supplementing Qi and Yin and can mitigate symptoms related to malignant arrhythmia and heart failure. This systematic review aimed at exploring the effectiveness and safety of SMS for viral myocarditis (VMC).

Methods: Eight databases from their inception to June 2023 were searched to identified randomized controlled trials (RCTs) focusing on SMS for VMC. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool was used to assess methodological quality. Mean difference (MD), standardized mean difference (SMD), and risk ratio (RR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated and input into the meta‐analysis using RevMan 5.4.

Results: Forty‐four RCTs were included involving 4298 participants. The interventions included 29 types of modified SMS decoctions and 15 patent medicines. Overall study quality was low. Compared with western medicine (WM), SMS was associated with higher recovery rate from palpitations (RR 2.3, 95% CI 1.59, 3.33, 2 RCTs, n = 89), chest pain (RR 1.57, 95% CI [1.17, 2.09], 2 RCTs, n = 89), and lower cTnI (MD −0.82 ng/ml, 95% CI −0.98, −0.66, 1 RCT, n = 60). SMS plus WM was more effective than WM in palpitation recovery rate (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.21, 1.92, 3 RCTs, n = 136), dyspnea recovery rate (RR 1.47, 95% CI 1.12, 1.94, 3 RCT, n = 267), ECG (RR 1.43, 95% CI 1.32, 1.55, 20 RCT, n = 2035), CK‐MB (MD −6.36, 95% CI −8.43, −4.28, 8 RCT, n = 946), and cTnI (MD −0.06, 95% CI −0.06, −0.05, 3 RCT, n = 307). No serious adverse events were reported using SMS alone or in combination with WM.

Conclusion: SMS used alone or combined with WM may have potential effectiveness on symptom alleviation, ECG recovery rate, myocardial injury markers, and cardiac function, but the effectiveness is uncertain due to the low quality and absence of placebo‐controlled trials. The exact efficacy of SMS for VMC needs to be confirmed by high‐quality double‐blind RCTs in the future.
Effects of Latent Heat Release from Single‐Moment and Double‐Moment Microphysical Schemes on the Simulated Intensity of Typhoon Songda
Authors: Xie Wenfeng , Shen Xiaodian , Jiang Baolin , Lin Wenshi , Liu Yang , Wang Gang
Published: June 2024

This study aims to quantify the magnitude of latent heat release by strong typhoons in the Northwest Pacific region and to identify the key cloud microphysical processes that affect the release of latent heat. The Weather Research and Forecasting mesoscale numerical model was used to simulate Typhoon Songda from 2011. Single‐ and double‐moment 6‐class (WSM6 and WDM6) cloud microphysics schemes were used to simulate the 3D structure and evolution of latent heat release. Simulations show that condensation of cloud water is the main source of latent heat release, while the main sources of latent heat absorption are evaporation of rain and cloud water. Depositional heating in cold cloud processes in the upper troposphere also plays an important role in the evolution of typhoon intensity. Latent heat release and absorption simulated by both schemes evolve through the phases of intensifying, maintaining, and weakening during the lifetime of the typhoon. The largest latent heat release occurs at altitudes between 5 and 10 km; condensational heating plays a major role at altitudes below 6 km, while depositional heating is the dominant process at altitudes from 6 to 12 km. Compared with WSM6, the WDM6 scheme produces smaller absolute values of latent heating from condensation and evaporation of cloud water and a more reasonable vertical distribution of cloud water mixing ratio. Positive latent heating from WDM6 is larger than that from WSM6. However, because of stronger processes of evaporation of rainwater and sublimation of cloud ice, total net latent heat release is lower in WDM6, and hence, simulated typhoon intensity is higher in WSM6.
Association of Specific Leg Muscle Strength and Motor Features in Parkinson’s Disease
Authors: Pongmala Chatkaew , Stonsaovapak Chernkhuan , Luker Austin , Griggs Alexis , van Emde Boas Miriam , Haus Jacob M. , Bohnen Nicolaas I.
Published: June 2024

Background. Postural instability and gait difficulties (PIGD) are a significant cause of falls, mobility loss, and lower quality of life in Parkinson’s disease (PD). The connection between PD progression and diminished strength in the lower limbs has been acknowledged. However, the identification of specific muscle groups linked to PIGD and non‐PIGD motor features is still unknown. Objective. To explore the relationship between the strength of specific lower limb muscle groups, along with muscle mass, and their associations with PIGD, PIGD subtypes, and non‐PIGD motor features in PD. Methods. 95 PD participants underwent detailed motor and non‐motor test batteries, including lower limb isometric strength testing and whole‐body lean mass assessments. Correlation analysis and univariate and multivariate linear/logistic forward stepwise regression were performed to test associations between PIGD and non‐PIGD motor features with normalized value (z‐score) of lower limb muscle strength and measures of lean mass. Results. Multivariate regression analysis, adjusted for age, gender, and levodopa equivalent dose, revealed that hip abductor strength was significantly associated with overall PIGD motor severity ratings (p < 0.001), impaired balance (p < 0.001), and non‐PIGD Parkinsonian motor features (p < 0.001). Conversely, hip extensor strength was significantly associated with falls, slow walking, and FoG motor features (p = 0.016; p = 0.003; p = 0.020, respectively). Conclusion. We found that lower hip abductor strength was associated with PIGD and non‐PIGD motor features. The association between non‐PIGD motor features may suggest specific vulnerability of the hip abductors as part of a proposed brain‐muscle loop hypothesis in PD. Moreover, lower hip extensor strength correlated with falls, slow walking, and FoG.
Health‐Related Behaviors in the Elderly: A Comprehensive Investigation of Gerontology Care Models and the Role of Social Support
Authors: Zhang Yuehong , Zang Wenbin , Chen Chen
Published: June 2024

Objectives. How geriatric care models impact the health‐related behaviors of the elderly and the function of social support within this context. Methods. We conducted binary logistic regression and PSM‐DID analyses using data from the China Tracking Survey of Factors Influencing Elderly Health (CLHLS) and the China Health and Aging Tracking Survey (CHARLS). Results. Compared to living alone, other aging models negatively affected health behaviors. In the living with family model, parental intergenerational support attenuated these effects, while children’s financial support reduced negative impacts on health‐protective behaviors. In the institutional model, negative effects on health‐hazardous behaviors were exacerbated by emotional and social support. Loneliness and a lack of self‐worth were crucial pathways. Discussion. Governments should offer public services to alleviate the intergenerational support burden on older individuals and strengthen social support for them.
Experimental and Numerical Investigation of Cyclic Grouting Compactness in Prestressed Tendon Ducts
Authors: Chen Chulong , Yang Zeliang , Yu Shunxin , Chen Jinzhou
Published: June 2024

The grouting parameters for cyclic grouting are often set based on pressure grouting or experience, which makes it difficult to achieve optimal compactness. To better comprehend the distribution of the cement slurry and improve grouting compactness, the flow mechanism was analyzed to determine the key grouting parameters. Subsequently, a cyclic grouting experiment was conducted, and the grouting compactness was detected using the impact‐echo method. For further study, a 2D numerical model was established, and the influence of grouting parameters on compactness was investigated. The results revealed that grouting compactness was influenced by the duct length, slurry viscosity, and grouting pressure. However, based on the technical specifications, the impact of slurry viscosity on compactness was found to be minimal. Longer ducts posed a greater challenge to achieving dense grouting and required higher grouting pressures. Nevertheless, when the duct length exceeded 330 m, attaining dense grouting became increasingly difficult. Finally, grouting pressures were recommended for ducts of varying lengths by considering both grouting compactness and cost. The results of this study offer guidance for the practical applications of cyclic grouting in engineering.
Utilizing Age‐Adaptive Deep Learning Approaches for Detecting Inappropriate Video Content
Authors: Alam Iftikhar , Basit Abdul , Ziar Riaz Ahmad
Published: June 2024

The exponential growth of video‐sharing platforms, exemplified by platforms like YouTube and Netflix, has made videos available to everyone with minimal restrictions. This proliferation, while offering a variety of content, at the same time introduces challenges, such as the increased vulnerability of children and adolescents to potentially harmful material, notably explicit content. Despite the efforts in developing content moderation tools, a research gap still exists in creating comprehensive solutions capable of reliably estimating users’ ages and accurately classifying numerous forms of inappropriate video content. This study is aimed at bridging this gap by introducing VideoTransformer, which combines the power of two existing models: AgeNet and MobileNetV2. To evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach, this study utilized a manually annotated video dataset collected from YouTube, covering multiple categories, including safe, real violence, drugs, nudity, simulated violence, kissing, pornography, and terrorism. In contrast to existing models, the proposed VideoTransformer model demonstrates significant performance improvements, as evidenced by two distinct accuracy evaluations. It achieves an impressive accuracy rate of (96.89%) in a 5‐fold cross‐validation setup, outperforming NasNet (92.6%), EfficientNet‐B7 (87.87%), GoogLeNet (85.1%), and VGG‐19 (92.83%). Furthermore, in a single run, it maintains a consistent accuracy rate of 90%. Additionally, the proposed model attains an F1‐score of 90.34%, indicating a well‐balanced trade‐off between precision and recall. These findings highlight the potential of the proposed approach in advancing content moderation and enhancing user safety on video‐sharing platforms. We envision deploying the proposed methodology in real‐time video streaming to effectively mitigate the spread of inappropriate content, thereby raising online safety standards.
Effects of Replacing Soybean Meal with Sunflower Meal or Fermented Sunflower Meal on the Growth Performance, Intestinal Microbiota, and Intestinal Health of Tilapia (GIFT, Oreochromis niloticus)
Authors: Huang Huajing , Liu Yu , Zhou Hang , Lin Xiangqin , Wang Xuehan , Jiang Wen , Zhang Lu , Mi Haifeng , Deng Junming
Published: June 2024

A 9‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing soybean meal (SBM) with sunflower meal (SM) or fermented sunflower meal (FSM) on the growth performance, intestinal microbiota, and intestinal health of genetically improved farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (initial weight 6.55 ± 0.01 g). Eleven isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets were formulated by replacing 0%, 20%, 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of dietary SBM with SM or FSM. The results showed that the replacement of more than 40% of SBM with SM decreased the weight gain and special growth rate of tilapia, while the complete replacement of SBM with FSM did not affect the growth performance of tilapia. From transmission electron microscopy analyses, it was shown that high levels of both SM and FSM substitution resulted in damage to the intestinal epithelium of tilapia. Replaced of 20% SBM with SM upregulated intestinal tight junction (zo-1, claudin, occludin) and anti‐inflammatory (tgf-β1, tgf-β2) gene expression and downregulated pro‐inflammatory gene expression (tnf-α, il-1β, il-6, il-8). However, the expression of tight junction, anti‐inflammatory, and pro‐inflammatory genes showed opposite trends when SBM was substituted by SM at high levels. FSM completely replaces SBM and downregulates the expression of tight junction genes (claudin, occludin), replacement of more than 20% of SBM with FSM downregulated pro‐inflammatory (tnf-α, il-1β, il-8) gene expression, whereas substitution of less than 80% increased the expression of anti‐inflammatory genes (tgf-β1). The 100% FSM group exhibited a decreased abundance of Fusobacteriota and an increased abundance of Actinobacteriota compared to the control and 100% SM groups. In summary, our data confirm that replacing more than 40% of SBM with SM induces gut inflammation, damages gut health, and decreases growth performance, whereas FSM replacement of SBM did not negatively affect tilapia growth and health, it also did not have a significant ameliorative effect, with some parameters negatively affected at high replacement levels. Therefore, FSM replacement of SBM levels above 80% is not recommended.
Supplementary Figure 7 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Genomics analysis of lung cancer patient cohort.
Supplementary Figure 6 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Analysis of circulating ORF1p levels in extracellular vesicles (EVs) fractions.
Supplementary Figure 5 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Circulating ORF1p levels in patients with chronic liver disease or systemic lupus erythematous.
Supplementary Figure 29 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Schoenfeld Tests and Residuals.
Supplementary Figure 28 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Kaplan-Meier Survival Analysis by Age and Sex.
Supplementary Figure 25 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Second round of screening of newly developed “3rd generation” assays using dimeric nanobody detectors.
Supplementary Figure 24 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Calibration curves for “3rd Generation” Simoa assays.
Supplementary Figure 23 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Targeted proteomics analysis of patient plasma.
Supplementary Figure 21 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

(obtained from Drapkin Lab at the University of Pennsylvania).Circulating CA125 and HE4 levels, as measured by Simoa, in ovarian cancer patient cohort.
Supplementary Figure 2 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

Circulating ORF1p levels in eight stage I ovarian cancer patients
Supplementary Figure 17 from Ultrasensitive Detection of Circulating LINE-1 ORF1p as a Specific Multicancer Biomarker
Authors: Taylor Martin S. , Wu Connie , Fridy Peter C. , Zhang Stephanie J. , Senussi Yasmeen , Wolters Justina C. , Cajuso Tatiana , Cheng Wen-Chih , Heaps John D. , Miller Bryant D. , Mori Kei , Cohen Limor , Jiang Hua , Molloy Kelly R. , Chait Brian T. , Goggins Michael G. , Bhan Irun , Franses Joseph W. , Yang Xiaoyu , Taplin Mary-Ellen , Wang Xinan , Christiani David C. , Johnson Bruce E. , Meyerson Matthew , Uppaluri Ravindra , Egloff Ann Marie , Denault Elyssa N. , Spring Laura M. , Wang Tian-Li , Shih Ie-Ming , Fairman Jennifer E. , Jung Euihye , Arora Kshitij S. , Yilmaz Osman H. , Cohen Sonia , Sharova Tatyana , Chi Gary , Norden Bryanna L. , Song Yuhui , Nieman Linda T. , Pappas Leontios , Parikh Aparna R. , Strickland Matthew R. , Corcoran Ryan B. , Mustelin Tomas , Eng George , Yilmaz Ömer H. , Matulonis Ursula A. , Chan Andrew T. , Skates Steven J. , Rueda Bo R. , Drapkin Ronny , Klempner Samuel J. , Deshpande Vikram , Ting David T. , Rout Michael P. , LaCava John , Walt David R. , Burns Kathleen H.
Published: June 2024

First round of screening of newly developed monoclonal antibody and dimeric nanobody reagent pairs in patient plasma.
Supplementary Figure S4 from The TERT Promoter is Polycomb-Repressed in Neuroblastoma Cells with Long Telomeres
Authors: Graham Mindy K. , Xu Beisi , Davis Christine , Meeker Alan K. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Dyer Michael A. , Zeineldin Maged
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figure S4
Supplementary Figure S3 from The TERT Promoter is Polycomb-Repressed in Neuroblastoma Cells with Long Telomeres
Authors: Graham Mindy K. , Xu Beisi , Davis Christine , Meeker Alan K. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Dyer Michael A. , Zeineldin Maged
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figure S3
Supplementary Figure S2 from The TERT Promoter is Polycomb-Repressed in Neuroblastoma Cells with Long Telomeres
Authors: Graham Mindy K. , Xu Beisi , Davis Christine , Meeker Alan K. , Heaphy Christopher M. , Yegnasubramanian Srinivasan , Dyer Michael A. , Zeineldin Maged
Published: June 2024

Supplementary Figure S2
O problema dos expostos na capitania de São Paulo
Authors: Silva Maria Beatriz Nizza da
Published: June 2024

This paper deals with the “expostos”. By “expostos” were meant illegitimate or legitimate children given up because of social, economic or moral causes, during the Brazilian colonial period. Through data colected by the main Captain (“Capitão-Mor”) Manuel de Oliveira Cardoso, in 1765, it became evident that the “expostos” were sheltered by the poorest families. There was a Legislation about the “expostos” in Portugal which was reformed by the Marquis of Pombal in 1775. Through the 1806 and 1814 acts, an extension of PombaPs rules, the “expostos” acceptance became advantageous for the head of the families. These children were considered hand labor as soon as they were 12 years old even though they worked for food and clothes since 7 years old. The government was concerned with this problem as the mortality rate was very high among them. The first man to focus attention on these rejected children, in the S. Paulo province (“Capitania”), was the General Captain Melo Castro e Mendonça, who, in 1800, sponsored the idea that the S. Paulo House of Representatives should grant a house called “Wheel House” todo receive the “expostos”. Nothing was done however during his administration. An hospital for the “expostos” was erected in S. Paulo only in 1825.