bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The dynamics of seated shot put: a case study example of pole grip optimisation
Authors: Holdback Connor J. , Ibrahim Rony , Haydon David S. , Grimshaw Paul , Kelso Richard , Pinder Ross A.
Published: January 2025

The impact of pole position in seated shot put has been a key research question both in the previous literature and for coaches in the field. The aims of this research were to understand the dynamics of seated shot put and to investigate the impact of changing pole grip height on trunk parameters. Three grip heights are compared: the athlete's standard grip, 75 mm higher than standard, and 75 mm lower than standard, to determine which grip produced greater angular velocity and power at the trunk. In addition, a post-analysis intervention was implemented following this investigation where the athlete completed four weeks of training (8 sessions) with a grip height that was indicated to be superior. The trunk was found to provide the largest contribution to the movement, with a 64% of the total velocity contribution. A lower grip height was found to generate greater power and velocity in trunk rotation and flexion when compared to higher grip heights. When assessed over the intervention period, the lower grip height showed an increased rate of improvement throughout, and a performance advantage over the standard grip after just four sessions. This research demonstrates that pole grip height can impact athlete biomechanical parameters and may improve overall performance given sufficient time.
Cost-effectiveness and readmission rates of laparoscopic vs. open surgery for colorectal cancer: evidence from the health insurance review and assessment service dataset in South Korea
Authors: An Sanghyun , Hong Sung Eun , Kim Moo Hyun , Kim Ik Yong
Published: January 2025

Introduction

We aimed to compare and analyze the cost-effectiveness of laparoscopic vs. open colorectal surgery (CRS) for colorectal cancer using health insurance claims data derived from multiple institutions in South Korea as well as the differences in hospital length of stay (LOS) and 30-day readmission rates related to postoperative complications.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of patients who underwent curative resection for colorectal cancer between January 1, 2020 and December 31, 2022 using national health insurance claims data in South Korea. We determined the surgical approach based on the presence or absence of treatment material codes specific to laparoscopic surgery, and divided the patients into the laparoscopic-CRS (lap-CRS) and open-CRS groups.

Results

A total of 34,779 patients were included [open-CRS: 3,262 patients [9.4%]; lap-CRS: 31,517 patients [90.6%]]. The mean LOS was 14.11 and 11.27 days for the open- and lap-CRS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The mean medical costs were 9,163 USD and 8,963 USD in the open- and lap-CRS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). A total of 1,192 (3.4%) patients were readmitted within 30 days of discharge, with a rate of 5.4% (176 cases) and 3.2% (1,016 cases) in the open- and lap-CRS groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Open surgery, male sex, and rectal surgery were identified as factors that increased medical cost.

Discussion

According to this South Korean nationwide population-based study, laparoscopic surgery demonstrated a reduction in LOS, medical costs, and readmission rates compared with open surgery in patients with colorectal cancer.
Toxoplasma gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) in Egypt: a comparative seroepidemiological study in Upper and Lower Egypt
Authors: Elmahallawy Ehab Kotb , Elbarbary Nady Khairy , Cano-Terriza David , Fajardo Tomás , Albalawi Nada Oudah , Jiménez-Martín Débora , Ghallab Marwa M. I. , Gareh Ahmed , Ras Refaat , Villena Isabelle , Sadek Sabry A. S. , AlQadeeb Hajar , Alzaylaee Hind , Almería Sonia , García-Bocanegra Ignacio
Published: January 2025

Toxoplasmosis remains a prevalent parasitic zoonosis worldwide, raising public health concerns. The global information available regarding the role of camels in the epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii is still limited. This study aimed to assess the seroprevalence of T. gondii in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) from northern and southern Egypt. A total of 513 serum samples were obtained from camels across Cairo (Lower Egypt) and Aswan (Upper Egypt) governorates. The Modified Agglutination Test (MAT) was performed to screen for anti-T. gondii antibodies. The overall seroprevalence was 13.84% (71/513; 95CI%:10.85–16.83). The bivariate analysis showed that animals aged 4–8 years (13.84%, 36/260) and older than 8 years (18.45%, 31/168) showed significantly higher seropositivity compared to those young individuals (≤ 4 years old) (p = 0.011). Additionally, the multiple logistic regression analysis highlighted the geographic region as a potential risk factor for T. gondii exposure. Thus, camels from Lower Egypt had significantly higher seroprevalence of T. gondii (19.92%, 51/256) compared to those from Upper Egypt (7.78%; 20/257; p < 0.001; odds ratio [OR] = 2.94; 95% CI: 1.70–5.10). Our results provide evidence of moderate, widespread, and heterogeneous spatial distribution of T. gondii among camel populations in Egypt, which might have important implications for animal and public health in that country. Surveillance and control programs should be implemented to reduce the risk of exposure of T. gondii in camels.
Analysis and Simulation of Polishing Robot Operation Trajectory Planning
Authors: Zeng Xinhong , Wang Yongxiang
Published: January 2025

Trajectory planning is essential for robotic polishing tasks, as the effectiveness of this planning directly influences the quality of the work and the energy efficiency of the operation. This study introduces an innovative trajectory planning method for robotic polishing tasks, focusing on the development and application of quintic B-spline interpolation. Recognizing the critical impact of trajectory planning on the quality and energy efficiency of robotic operations, we analyze the structure and parameters of the ABB-IRB120 robot within a laboratory setting. Using the Denavit–Hartenberg parameter method, a kinematic model is established, and the robot’s motion equations are derived through matrix transformation. We then propose a novel approach by implementing both fifth-degree polynomial and quintic B-spline interpolation algorithms for planning the robot’s spatial spiral arc trajectory, which is a key contribution of this work. The effectiveness of these methodologies is validated through simulation in MATLAB’s robotics toolbox. Our findings demonstrate that the quintic B-spline interpolation not only significantly improves task precision but also optimizes energy consumption, making it a superior method for trajectory planning in robotic grinding applications. By integrating advanced interpolation techniques, this study provides substantial technological and environmental benefits, offering a groundbreaking reference for enhancing the precision and efficiency of robotic control systems.
Speed Control of Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor Based on Variable Fractional-Order Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller
Authors: Chen Liping , Liu Haoyu , Cao Ze , Lopes António M. , Yin Lisheng , Liu Guoquan , Chen Yangquan
Published: January 2025

A variable fractional-order (VFO) fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed to control the speed of a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). First, a VFO sliding mode surface is established. Then, a VFO fuzzy sliding mode controller is designed, capable of suppressing the effects of parameter uncertainties and disturbances to achieve precise PMSM speed control. The global stability and finite time convergence of the controlled system state are demonstrated using Lyapunov stability theory. The numerical and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the controller, showing better immunity to disturbances and a smaller overshoot compared to PID and fixed-order fuzzy sliding mode controllers.
Effectiveness of Customer Relationship Management in Shopping Malls: Mall–Retailer Collaboration Empirics
Authors: García-Nieto Manuel , Ramón-Jerónimo Juan Manuel , Flórez-López Raquel
Published: January 2025

This study examines the collaborative impact of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) between shopping mall management and retailers on customer traffic. Through a multiple case study involving 30 interviews with managers from various traditional shopping malls and factory outlets, the research highlights how tailored CRM strategies, such as tenant mix, accessibility, and customer engagement, foster customer satisfaction and loyalty, ultimately affect performance. Mall management focuses on attracting visitors by building a strong mall image and creating partnerships, whereas retailers emphasize customer retention through loyalty programs and personalized services. The study finds that proactive, collaborative CRM efforts, such as setting shared objectives and aligning strategies, significantly enhance customer experience and mall performance. However, existing CRM measurement systems often overlook the integrated nature of mall and retailer relationships, limiting the assessment of CRM outcomes. This research proposes an integrated model to assess CRM effectiveness across multiple organizational levels, providing insights into optimizing CRM policies to drive customer satisfaction, retention, and mall success. Limitations include the study’s focus on physical malls, with future research suggested to explore CRM adaptations bridging physical retail and e-commerce environments.
Design and Optimization of Power Harrow Soil Crushing Components for Coastal Saline–Alkali Land
Authors: Xu Nan , Xin Zhenbo , Yuan Jin , Gao Zenghui , Tian Yu , Xia Chao , Liu Xuemei , Wang Dongwei
Published: January 2025

In China, there are approximately 36.7 million hectares of available saline–alkali land. The quality of land preparation significantly influences the yield of crops grown in saline–alkali soil. However, saline–alkali soil is highly compacted, and, currently, the market lacks land-preparation products specifically tailored to the unique characteristics of saline–alkali land. The soil crushing performance of existing power harrows fails to meet the requirements for high-quality land preparation, thus affecting crop planting yields. Consequently, it is imperative to conduct research on the design and performance improvement of the soil crushing components of power harrows for saline–alkali land. This paper centers on the key soil crushing component, the harrow blade, and conducts research from the perspectives of kinematics and dynamics. Initially, the ranges of key structural and motion parameters are determined, such as the angle of the harrow blade cutting edge, the thickness of the of the harrow blade cutting edge, and the ratio of the circumferential speed to the forward speed. Subsequently, through simulation tests integrating the Discrete Element Method (DEM) and the Box–Behnken Design (BBD), the optimal parameter combination is identified. The impact of the forward speed and the rotational speed of the vertical-shaft rotor on soil disturbance is analyzed. The relationship between soil disturbance and soil heaping is explored, and an optimal forward speed of around 6 km/h is determined. Field tests are conducted to verify the cause of soil heaping. The test results show that the soil crushing rates are all above 85%, with an average soil crushing rate of 88.66%. These test results have achieved the predetermined objectives and meet the design requirements.
Design and Experimental Research on a Chisel-Type Variable Hierarchical Deep Fertilization Device Suitable for Saline–Alkali Soil
Authors: Xu Nan , Xin Zhenbo , Yuan Jin , Gao Zenghui , Tian Yu , Xia Chao , Liu Xuemei , Wang Dongwei
Published: January 2025

In China, there are around 36.7 million hectares of saline–alkali lands that hold utilization potential. Precision fertilization stands as a vital measure for enhancing the quality of saline–alkali soil and promoting a significant increase in crop yields. The performance of the fertilization device is a decisive factor in determining the effectiveness of fertilization. To optimize the fertilizer utilization rate in coastal saline–alkali soils and substantially reduce fertilizer waste, it is imperative to transport fertilizers to the deep soil layers and execute layered variable-rate fertilization. In light of this, a chisel-type variable-rate layered electronically controlled deep-fertilization device specifically designed for saline–alkali soils has been developed. Extensive experimental research on its fertilization performance has also been carried out. Drawing on the principles of soil dynamics, this paper meticulously investigates the structures of key components and the operating parameters of the fertilization device. Key parameters such as the penetration angle of the fertilizer shovel, the penetration clearance angle, the curvature of the shovel handle, the angle between the fertilizer baffle and the fertilizer pipe wall, the angle between the fertilizer pipe and the horizontal plane, and the forward speed are precisely determined. Moreover, this study explores the quantitative relationship between the fertilizer discharge amount of the fertilizer applicator and the effective working width. Simultaneously, this research mainly focuses on analyzing the impact of the forward speed on the operational effect of layered and variable-rate fertilization. Through a series of field experiments, it was conclusively determined that the optimal fertilization effect was attained when the forward speed was set at 6 km/h. Under this condition, the average deviation in the fertilization amount was merely 2.76%, and the average coefficients of variation in the fertilizer amount uniformity in each soil layer were 7.62, 6.32, 6.06, and 5.65%, respectively. Evidently, the experimental results not only successfully met the pre-set objectives, but also fully satisfied the design requirements. Undoubtedly, this article can offer valuable methodological references for the research and development of fertilization devices tailored for diverse crops cultivated on saline–alkali lands.
Effect of Biodegradable Mulch and Different Synthetic Mulches on Growth and Yield of Field-Grown Small-Fruited Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.)
Authors: Adamczewska-Sowińska Katarzyna , Bykowy Joanna , Jaworska Janina
Published: January 2025

Mulching is a widely adopted practice in vegetable cultivation globally. This technique employs various plastic materials, such as polyethylene (PE) film or polypropylene (PP) nonwoven fabric, with an increasing trend toward the use of biodegradable materials. Between 2014 and 2016, field experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the small-fruited tomato Intrigo F1 cultivated using synthetic mulches. The trials, designed as single-factor experiments employing a randomized block layout with three replicates, assessed plant morphological traits, yield, and the biological value of the tomato fruits. Weather conditions and the type of mulch applied had a pronounced influence on the quality of tomato plants and yield. Compared to the control, the use of black, red, and aluminum PE films and brown PP resulted in a 7.2% increase in plant height. All mulching treatments, except white film, increased the lateral spread of the plants by an average of 24.2%. Plants cultivated on red PE film exhibited a 26.4% increase in leaf count with respect to the control. Mulched treatments achieved an average increase of 19.6% in marketable yield. The highest marketable fruit yield was recorded with black nonwoven fabric mulch. Mulching had a significant effect on the chemical composition of tomato fruits. Fruits on biodegradable foil had the most potassium, lycopene, and polyphenols.
A Study on Multi-Scale Behavior Recognition of Dairy Cows in Complex Background Based on Improved YOLOv5
Authors: Zong Zheying , Ban Zeyu , Wang Chunguang , Wang Shuai , Yuan Wenbo , Zhang Chunhui , Su Lide , Yuan Ze
Published: January 2025

The daily behaviors of dairy cows, including standing, drinking, eating, and lying down, are closely associated with their physical health. Efficient and accurate recognition of dairy cow behaviors is crucial for timely monitoring of their health status and enhancing the economic efficiency of farms. To address the challenges posed by complex scenarios and significant variations in target scales in dairy cow behavior recognition within group farming environments, this study proposes an enhanced recognition method based on YOLOv5. Four Shuffle Attention (SA) modules are integrated into the upsampling and downsampling processes of the YOLOv5 model’s neck network to enhance deep feature extraction of small-scale cow targets and focus on feature information, while maintaining network complexity and real-time performance. The C3 module of the model was enhanced by incorporating Deformable convolution (DCNv3), which improves the accuracy of cow behavior characteristic identification. Finally, the original detection head was replaced with a Dynamic Detection Head (DyHead) to improve the efficiency and accuracy of cow behavior detection across different scales in complex environments. An experimental dataset comprising complex backgrounds, multiple behavior categories, and multi-scale targets was constructed for comprehensive validation. The experimental results demonstrate that the improved YOLOv5 model achieved a mean Average Precision (mAP) of 97.7%, representing a 3.7% improvement over the original YOLOv5 model. Moreover, it outperformed comparison models, including YOLOv4, YOLOv3, and Faster R-CNN, in complex background scenarios, multi-scale behavior detection, and behavior type discrimination. Ablation experiments further validate the effectiveness of the SA, DCNv3, and DyHead modules. The research findings offer a valuable reference for real-time monitoring of cow behavior in complex environments throughout the day.
A Compliant Active Roller Gripper with High Positional Offset Tolerance for Delicate Spherical Fruit Handling
Authors: Zhu Haoran , Qin Huanhuan , Qiu Zicheng , Chen Xinwen , Xue Jinlin , Gu Xingjian , Lu Mingzhou
Published: January 2025

In the field of agricultural robotics, robotic grippers play an indispensable role, directly influencing the rate of fruit damage and handling efficiency. Currently, traditional agricultural robotic grippers face challenges such as high damage rates and high requirements for position control. A robotic gripper for stable spherical fruit handling with high positional offset tolerance and a low fruit damage rate is proposed in this paper. It adopts a three-finger structure. A flexible active roller is configured at the end of each finger, allowing fruit translation with just a gentle touch. An integrated pressure sensor within the active roller further enhances the gripper’s compliance. To describe the effect of the gripper on the fruit, the interaction model was derived. Taking the tomato as a typical soft and fragile spherical fruit, three experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of the proposed gripper. The experimental results demonstrated the handling capability of the gripper and the maximum graspable weight reached 2077 g. The average failure rate for the unilateral offset of 9 mm was only 1.33%, and for the bilateral offset of 6-6 mm was 4%, indicating the high positional offset tolerance performance and a low fruit damage rate of the gripper. The preliminary tomato-picking capability of the proposed gripper was also validated in a simplified laboratory scenario.
Digital Tools and Decision Support Systems in Agroecology: Benefits, Challenges, and Practical Implementations
Authors: Petraki Dimitra , Gazoulis Ioannis , Kokkini Metaxia , Danaskos Marios , Kanatas Panagiotis , Rekkas Andreas , Travlos Ilias
Published: January 2025

Farmers are increasingly faced with challenges such as climate change, population growth, and the need for sustainable food production, while simultaneously having to address the environmental impacts of conventional agriculture. Agroecology has emerged as a holistic and sustainable approach to agriculture, integrating environmental, social, and economic principles. This study investigates the role of digital tools, including decision support systems (DSSs), in supporting agroecological transitions. Through a literature review and analysis of case studies, this paper examines the benefits and challenges associated with the adoption of digital tools in agroecology, highlighting their potential to promote sustainable practices such as soil and water management, pest control, and efficient resource use. The findings indicate that while digital solutions offer significant potential to enhance productivity and improve environmental outcomes, their adoption remains limited due to barriers such as low digital literacy, lack of infrastructure, and concerns about effectiveness in real-world farming conditions. Despite these challenges, digital solutions offer significant potential to enhance productivity, improve environmental outcomes, and support farmers’ decision-making. To comprehensively understand their benefits, a holistic approach is necessary, combining digital tools with hands-on training, policy support, and ongoing research. This paper highlights the role of digital tools in agroecology, explores their benefits and challenges, and discusses the need for continued research to assess their long-term potential in terms of the agroecological transition.
Impact of Microplastic-Amended Soil on Seed Germination of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) in a Controlled Environment
Authors: Tatum Abigail , Martin Victoria , Kankarla Vanaja
Published: January 2025

Plastic pollution is a global concern due to its adverse environmental effects. Plastic production and consumption have continued to rise and are expected to double by 2050. Plastic disposal and degradation produce small particles of plastic—less than 5 mm—that can accumulate, infiltrate, or travel through soil, air, water, plants, and the environment. Healthy soil is a system in sync with good physical, chemical, and biological properties capable of supporting life. There is enough research to show the effects of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic environments; however, much is unclear about the effects of MPs on soil and food systems. To address this knowledge gap, two replicated germination experiments were conducted under a controlled environment in a germination chamber at the Water School Lab, Florida Gulf Coast University. The objective of this study was to determine the germination percentage (GP), mean germination time (MGT) and germination index (GI) of alfalfa seeds (Medicago sativa-VNS (variety not stated)) when germinated under two types of MP-treated soils: (1) fiber-fill plastic (FF) at 0.2% and 1% concentration and (2) plastic packaging (PP) at 0.2% and 1% concentration. The experiments were conducted in the germination chamber for 30 days at optimum germination temperatures of 25/18 °C day/night, with a 12-h photoperiod. The physical (texture, structure), chemical (pH, EC, moisture content (MC), and biological (microorganisms count) properties of the soil were analyzed in the laboratory to understand the impact of MPs on soil properties. In conclusion, our research shows MPs have minimal impacts on germination. Soil pH and MC (moisture content) decreased while EC increased across all treatments, and soil texture was negligibly altered. Microbial communities grew significantly across all treatments, showing that MPs can stimulate bacterial growth.
Edge Computing-Based Machine Vision for Non-Invasive and Rapid Soft Sensing of Mushroom Liquid Strain Biomass
Authors: Wu Libin , Xiao Guimiao , Huang Deyao , Zhang Xiandong , Ye Dapeng , Weng Haiyong
Published: January 2025

Biomass monitoring of mushroom liquid strains during the fermentation process demands real-time analysis with minimal manual intervention, highlighting the urgent need for intelligent surveillance. This study introduced a soft sensor method based on edge computing machine vision, termed Edge CV, for in situ non-invasive estimation of biomass. In our experiment, the hardware of the Edge CV system includes the Jetson Nano with 4 GB RAM, 64 GB ROM, and a 128-core Maxwell GPU for executing intelligent machine vision tasks, along with embedded cameras for image data acquisition. Furthermore, a cascaded machine vision model was developed to enable biomass evaluation on the Edge CV system. The cascaded machine vision model mainly consists of three steps: first, the object detection task to locate the observation window, achieving a mean Average Precision (mAP50:95) of 82.3% with 78.7 GFLOPs; then, the segmentation task to extract liquid strain data within the observation window, yielding a mean intersection over union (MIoU) of 85.9% with 110.4 GFLOPs; and finally, calculating mycelium biomass indices via the morphological image processing task. The correlation between Edge CV inference and manual measurement showed an R2 of 0.963 and an RMSE of 0.027 for normalized biomass indices, demonstrating a robust and consistent trend. Therefore, this study illustrates the practical application of edge computing-based machine vision for biomass soft sensing during the fermentation process.
Research Progress on a Wide and Narrow Row Cropping System for Crops
Authors: Tang Liqun , Song Jian , Cui Yongtao , Fan Honghuan , Wang Jianjun
Published: January 2025

Optimizing planting density enhances light capture, improves air circulation, and promotes more efficient resource utilization, ultimately leading to increased crop productivity. It facilitates uniform growth, maximizes land use efficiency, reduces nutrient competition, and supports sustainable weed management, thereby improving yield and resource use efficiency. The wide and narrow row cropping (WNRC) system is an optimized planting method that adjusts the row spacing strategically to enhance crop growth and productivity. This study reviews the development and implementation of WNRC technology, focusing on its effects on crop growth, development, and environmental optimization. (1) Crop growth and environmental optimization: Modifying the row spacing in WNRC enhances light interception, air circulation, and the soil moisture distribution, creating an optimized growth environment that improves the photosynthetic efficiency and water use. (2) Genetic variation and yield performance: The performance of different crop varieties in WNRC systems varies, with specific varieties showing better adaptation to the altered spatial arrangement, leading to improved growth uniformity and higher yields. (3) Weed management: The planting density is optimized, reducing the need for herbicides and fostering more sustainable weed control methods. (4) Efficient input management: WNRC systems enhance the uniform application of fertilizers and pesticides, optimizing nutrient uptake, minimizing input wastage, and lowering the environmental impact. While WNRC offers substantial advantages in yield enhancement and resource optimization, challenges remain in adapting this technology to diverse cropping systems and environmental conditions. Further research is required to refine WNRC for specific regions and crops, ensuring its long-term agronomic and ecological benefits.
Integration of Transcriptomics and Metabolomics Provides Insight into the Growth-Promoting Functions of Solanum khasianum Endophyte in Medicago sativa
Authors: Li Jiahui , Zhou Shijia , Fang Jiaru , Cai Qihang , Yang Yanbo , Sun Zhenghai , Li Liping , Li Weiwei
Published: January 2025

Medicago sativa is an important forage crop; its value is mainly concentrated in its economic aspects. The growth cycle and growth rate of M. sativa have an important influence on its economic benefits. Alternaria alstroemeriae has often been used as a pathogenic bacterium in previous studies, and studies on the growth-promoting effects of A. alstroemeriae are rare. This study aimed to assess the effects of A. alstroemeriae on the growth parameters of M. sativae and to investigate the molecular and metabolic mechanisms of M. sativa. M. sativa showed significant improvement in plant height, root length, fresh weight, and dry weight compared to uninoculated control plants. By integrating the results of transcriptome and metabolome analysis, A. alstroemeriae may promote plant growth by regulating genes associated with the biosynthetic pathways of flavonoids, anthocyanins, and proanthocyanidins in plants. These research findings provide a theoretical basis for future verification of the molecular response mechanisms and metabolic regulation of A. alstroemeriae-promoted plant growth. This study also provides a theoretical basis for sustainable agricultural development.
Pathological and Molecular Characterization of Grass Carp Co-Infected with Two Aeromonas Species
Authors: Lv Wenyao , Zhou Zhijie , Xie Lingli , Wang Xinyue , Zhou Yifei , Gui Lang , Xu Xiaoyan , Shen Yubang , Li Jiale , Qiu Junqiang
Published: January 2025

The grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) is highly susceptible to infections caused by Aeromonas species, particularly A. hydrophila and A. veronii. However, the immunological mechanisms underlying co-infection by these pathogens remain largely uncharted. This study investigated the pathogenesis and host immune response in grass carp following concurrent infection with A. hydrophila and A. veronii. Mortality was observed as early as 24 h post-infection, with cumulative mortality reaching 68%. Quantitative analysis demonstrated significantly elevated bacterial loads in hepatic tissue at 3 days post-infection (dpi). Histopathological evaluation revealed severe hepatic lesions characterized by cellular necrosis, cytoplasmic vacuolization, and hemorrhagic manifestations. Comparative transcriptomic analysis of hepatic tissues between co-infected and control specimens identified 868 and 411 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 1 and 5 dpi, respectively. Gene ontology and KEGG pathway analyses revealed significant enrichment of immune-related genes primarily associated with Toll-like receptor signaling and TNF signaling cascades. Notably, metabolic pathways showed substantial suppression while immune responses were significantly activated after infected. These findings provide novel insights into the host–pathogen interactions during Aeromonas co-infection in grass carp, which may facilitate the development of effective prevention and control strategies.
Transferrin Receptor 2 in Canine Testicular Tumors: An Emerging Key Role in Seminomas
Authors: Leandri Rebecca , Buonocore Sara , Power Karen
Published: January 2025

Transferrin Receptor 2 (TfR2) is a homolog of Transferrin Receptor 1 (TfR1), involved in regulating intra and extracellular iron levels. Altered iron pathways have been associated with cancer onset and progression; however, their role in canine tumors remains poorly explored. This study investigated TfR2 immunohistochemical expression in non-neoplastic canine testis for the first time and in the most common types of canine testicular tumors: intratubular seminomas (ITSEMs), diffuse seminomas (DSEMs), Leydig cell tumors (LCTs), and Sertoli cell tumors (SCTs). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed a differential pattern of TfR2 expression according to tumor type, with high expression observed in ITSEMs and DSEMs, occasional expression in LCTs, and absence in SCTs. These results suggest that TfR2 may play a relevant role in canine seminoma development. Furthermore, the specific expression of TfR2 in seminomas highlights its potential as a therapeutic target, where its role in iron regulation and possible compensatory mechanisms warrant further investigation.
A Prospective Study of the Prevalence and Predictive Risk Factors of Repeat Breeder Syndrome in Dairy Cattle in the North of Spain
Authors: Villar Sofía L. , Pérez-Marín Carlos C. , Álvarez Jacobo , Acción Antía , Barrionuevo Renato , Becerra Juan J. , Peña Ana I. , Herradón Pedro G. , Quintela Luis A. , Yáñez Uxía
Published: January 2025

This study examined the prevalence and risk factors of repeat breeder syndrome (RB) in 2370 dairy cows in northern Spain. Data collected included the prevalence of postpartum pathologies, metabolic markers, and productive and reproductive parameters. The overall RB prevalence was 21.1%. In primiparous cows, the postpartum body condition loss (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.9–8.1, depending on severity), ketosis (OR: 3.5), lameness (OR: 3.4), clinical mastitis (OR: 4.2), dystocia (OR: 5.2), and endometritis (OR: 12.2) significantly increased the RB risk. Summer (OR: 0.4) or autumn (OR: 0.6) calvings reduced this likelihood compared to winter or spring calvings. In multiparous cows, risk factors included body condition loss (OR: 2.0), ketosis (OR: 4.3), lameness (OR: 2.5), clinical mastitis (OR: 4.2), dystocia (OR: 1.9), endometritis (OR: 6.2), metritis (OR: 1.38), and subclinical mastitis (OR: 1.9). A longer interval between calving and first postpartum insemination reduced the RB risk (OR: 0.99). Overall, metabolic and reproductive disorders were significant risk factors for RB across both cow groups, while seasonal calving and delayed insemination mitigated risk in primiparous and multiparous cows, respectively.
Elevated Lipid Concentrations in Seminal Plasma Can Reduce Sperm Motility in Simmental Bulls
Authors: Yang Zhuo , Luo Fang , Song Chenglei , Ma Zhiyuan , Tian Yucheng , Fu Yu , Zheng Hao , Tao Jinzhong
Published: January 2025

Sperm motility is a key factor influencing male fertility and is associated with metabolic and lipid profiles across species. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between sperm motility and the seminal plasma lipid profile in Simmental bulls, and to identify key lipids potentially influencing sperm motility. Semen samples were collected from 26 healthy Simmental bulls with an average age of 4.9 years. Sperm quality was evaluated using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA). Based on motility, the samples were divided into two groups: high sperm motility (HSM > 65%) and low sperm motility (LSM < 65%). Compared to the LSM group, the HSM group exhibited significantly higher sperm viability, motility, straight-line velocity, beat-cross frequency, and sperm acrosome integrity, while the sperm malformation rate was lower (p < 0.05). Lipid profiles were determined using LC-MS/MS, and 40 differential lipids were identified by multivariate statistical analysis. Among them, 39 lipids were upregulated in the LSM group compared to the HSM group. They were primarily triglycerides and carnitines, mainly involved in four metabolic pathways related to glycerophospholipid and linoleic acid metabolism. Notably, PC (16:0/20:4; 14:0/18:3), LPC (22:4/0:0; 22:6/0:0), and PE (14:0/18:1; 18:1/20:3) were diagnosed with great accuracy (AUC > 0.7), which means they may serve as potential biomarkers for sperm motility.
Evaluation of the Synergistic Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oils and Cecropin A Natural Peptide on Gram-Negative Bacteria
Authors: Fratini Filippo , Pecorini Chiara , Resci Ilaria , Copelotti Emma , Nocera Francesca Paola , Najar Basma , Mancini Simone
Published: January 2025

In an era dominated by the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance, it is increasingly important to look for alternatives to synthetic antibiotics. In light of these considerations, the synergistic use of essential oils and Antimicrobial Peptides (AMPs) seems a viable strategy. In this study, we assessed the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) and Fractional Inhibitory Concentration (FIC) of three Essential Oils (EOs): winter savory (Satureja montana), bergamot (Citrus bergamia) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum) and of the insect antimicrobial peptide Cecropin A (CecA), alone and in combination with EOs, against two Gram-negative ATCC bacterial strains: Escherichia coli and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. The MIC results showed that winter savory EO (SmEO) and cinnamon EO (CzEO) exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against both bacterial strains, whereas bergamot EO (CbEO) and CecA demonstrated comparatively lower antibacterial efficacy. These results were also confirmed by the MBC values. The FIC Indices (FICI) revealed that the most effective synergies were observed with the combinations SmEO/CzEO and SmEO/CbEO against E. coli, while against S. enterica Typhimurium the best combinations were CbEO/CzEO and SmEO/CzEO. Regarding CecA, although it was not the most efficient agent either individually or in combination, it is noteworthy that, when combined, it exhibited antibacterial activity even at a 1:64 dilution.
Environmental DNA and Hydroacoustic Surveys for Monitoring the Spread of the Invasive European Catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758) in the Guadalquivir River Basin, Spain
Authors: Coya Ruth , Rodríguez-Ruiz Amadora , Fueyo Álvaro , Orduna Carlos , Miralles Laura , de Meo Ilaria , Pérez Trinidad , Cid Juan Ramón , Fernández-Delgado Carlos , Encina Lourdes , Borrell Yaisel J. , Granado-Lorencio Carlos
Published: January 2025

The European catfish (Silurus glanis Linnaeus, 1758) was introduced into the Ebro Basin in Spain in 1974 for recreational fishing. Since then, the species has spread throughout the country’s river basins, reaching the Iznájar Reservoir (Guadalquivir River Basin) in 2011. This area is of great ecological and economic relevance, especially as it includes the Doñana National Park, one of the most important nature reserves in Europe. Recently, the presence of catfish has been reported in the lower reaches of the river. In this work, we used non-invasive vertical and horizontal hydroacoustic surveys and environmental DNA river sampling to unravel the actual distribution and dispersal pattern of the species in the lower Guadalquivir River. The hydroacoustic profiles and the species-specific detections by real-time PCR (qPCR) and droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) showed that these non-invasive methods allow the detection and quantification of catfish and provide valuable information on the species’ presence. We have confirmed the presence of catfish in most of the study area, including downstream areas of the Guadalquivir Basin. The results suggest the possibility of other isolated introductions and/or human-mediated movements of specimens, and imply that a coordinated catfish prevention and mitigation strategy is therefore urgently needed.
Evaluation of Cinnamon Essential Oil and Its Emulsion on Biofilm-Associated Components of Acinetobacter baumannii Clinical Strains
Authors: Ganić Tea , Pećinar Ilinka , Nikolić Biljana , Kekić Dušan , Tomić Nina , Cvetković Stefana , Vuletić Stefana , Mitić-Ćulafić Dragana
Published: January 2025

Background/Objectives: Acinetobacter baumannii, one of the most dangerous pathogens, is able to form biofilm structures and aggravate its treatment. For that reason, new antibiofilm agents are in need, and new sources of antibiofilm compounds are being sought from plants and their products. Cinnamon essential oil is associated with a wide spectrum of biological activities, but with a further improvement of its physicochemical properties it could provide even better bioavailability. The aim of this work was the evaluation of the antibiofilm properties of cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion. Methods: In order to evaluate the antibiofilm activity, crystal violet assay was performed to determine biofilm biomass. The main components of the biofilm matrix were measured as well as the motile capacity of the tested strains. Gene expression was monitored with RT-qPCR, while treated biofilms were observed with Raman spectroscopy. Results: A particularly strong potential against pre-formed biofilm with a decreased biomass of up to 66% was found. The effect was monitored not only with regard to the whole biofilm biomass, but also on the individual components of the biofilm matrix such as exopolysaccharides, proteins, and eDNA molecules. Protein share drops in treated biofilms demonstrated the most consistency among strains and rose to 75%. The changes in strain motility and gene expressions were investigated after the treatments were carried out. Raman spectroscopy revealed the influence of the studied compounds on chemical bond types and the components present in the biofilm matrix of the tested strains. Conclusions: The results obtained from this research are promising regarding cinnamon essential oil and its emulsion as potential antibiofilm agents, so further investigation of their activity is encouraged for their potential use in biomedical applications.
Making Complex Technologies Accessible Through Simple Controllability: Initial Results of a Feasibility Study
Authors: Müller Pascal , Gali Hari Krishna Reddy , Rajanayagam Subashkumar , Twieg Stefan , Jahn Patrick , Hofstetter Sebastian
Published: January 2025

Digital assistive technologies (DATs) present a significant opportunity to address the challenges of the healthcare system. However, they have not been designed for this purpose and are still in the process of further development. The objective of this study is to ascertain the extent to which a digital cross-device control and application platform for the simplified utilization of DATs alters the willingness of nurses to utilize them in the care process. An exploratory, longitudinal design with a mixed-methods approach was employed in this study. The co-creative design cycle was conducted in two long-term care facilities, with 25 caregivers participating in the form of testing for the platform’s prototypes across multiple iteration loops. The preliminary results indicate a high intention to use DAT, suggesting that the actual use of DAT through a control and application platform will be considerable. The overall trend demonstrates an increase in acceptance, willingness, and intention to use DAT among the participants. One proposed solution to the usability issues of DAT is to develop a platform with an interface for non-programmers to create individual interventions using everyday controls and a few intuitive steps. This could facilitate the sustainable implementation of DAT in healthcare.
Individual Shrimp Rearing Increases the Power of Experimental Trials
Authors: Wilke Thomas , Bendag Slim , Barth Annalena , Reinold Tim , Schubert Patrick
Published: January 2025

Comparable and reproducible research is needed to improve Pacific white shrimp (PWS) aquaculture. These experiments typically involve before-and-after measurements of the same individual for paired statistical testing. However, marking shrimp with external or internal tags is challenging, especially for juveniles. A possible alternative is to rear shrimp individually in single-shrimp systems. While such systems may also prevent competitive interactions, PWS are considered social animals and individual rearing may negatively affect social behavior. Therefore, the general goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of single-shrimp versus multi-shrimp systems on the survival, growth, and welfare of juvenile PWS using a randomized controlled trial with group sizes of one, three, and five individuals. We found that shrimp kept individually had a higher survival rate, higher final body weights and lengths, and longer antennae than shrimp kept in groups of three or five. The incidence of eye cataracts was not significantly different among groups. Based on these results, we conclude that the individual rearing of juvenile PWS has no negative effects on survival, growth, or welfare. Therefore, a single-shrimp system could be an alternative to individually marked shrimp to allow paired statistical testing in experimental trials, especially when using post-larvae or juvenile specimens.
Synoptic and Mesoscale Atmospheric Patterns That Triggered the Natural Disasters in the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte, Brazil, in January 2020
Authors: Pinto Thaís Aparecida Cortez , Mattos Enrique Vieira , Reboita Michelle Simões , Souza Diego Oliveira de , Oda Paula S. S. , Martins Fabrina Bolzan , Biscaro Thiago Souza , Ferreira Glauber Willian de Souza
Published: January 2025

Between 23 and 25 January 2020, the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (MRBH) in Brazil experienced 32 natural disasters, which affected 90,000 people, resulted in 13 fatalities, and caused economic damages of approximately USD 250 million. This study aims to describe the synoptic and mesoscale conditions that triggered these natural disasters in the MRBH and the physical properties of the associated clouds and precipitation. To achieve this, we analyzed data from various sources, including natural disaster records from the National Center for Monitoring and Early Warning of Natural Disasters (CEMADEN), GOES-16 satellite imagery, soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) satellite mission, ERA5 reanalysis, reflectivity from weather radar, and lightning data from the Lightning Location System. The South Atlantic Convergence Zone, coupled with a low-pressure system off the southeast coast of Brazil, was the predominant synoptic pattern responsible for creating favorable conditions for precipitation during the studied period. Clouds and precipitating cells, with cloud-top temperatures below −65 °C, over several days contributed to the high precipitation volumes and lightning activity. Prolonged rainfall, with a maximum of 240 mm day−1 and 48 mm h−1, combined with the region’s soil characteristics, enhanced water infiltration and was critical in triggering and intensifying natural disasters. These findings highlight the importance of monitoring atmospheric conditions in conjunction with soil moisture over an extended period to provide additional information for mitigating the impacts of natural disasters.
Experimental Setup and Machine Learning-Based Prediction Model for Electro-Cyclone Filter Efficiency: Filtering of Ship Particulate Matter Emission
Authors: Šabanovič Aleksandr , Matijošius Jonas , Marinković Dragan , Chlebnikovas Aleksandras , Gurauskis Donatas , Gutheil Johannes H. , Kilikevičius Artūras
Published: January 2025

Ship emissions significantly impact air quality, particularly in coastal and port regions, contributing to elevated concentrations of PM2.5, and PM10, with varying effects observed across different locations. This study investigates the effectiveness of emission control policies, inland and port-specific contributions to air pollution, and the health risks posed by particulate matter (PM). A regression discontinuity model at Ningbo Port revealed that ship activities show moderate PM2.5 and PM10 variations. In Busan Port, container ships accounted for the majority of emissions, with social costs from pollutants estimated at USD 31.55 million annually. Inland shipping near the Yangtze River demonstrated significant PM contributions, emphasizing regional impacts. Health risks from PM2.5, a major global toxic pollutant, were highlighted, with links to respiratory, cardiovascular, and cognitive disorders. Advances in air purification technologies, including hybrid electrostatic filtration systems, have shown promising efficiency in removing submicron particles and toxic gases, reducing energy costs. In this paper, a random forest machine learning model developed to predict particulate concentrations post-cleaning demonstrated robust performance (MAE = 0.49 P/cm3, R2 = 0.97). These findings underscore the critical need for stringent emission controls, innovative filtration systems, and comprehensive monitoring to mitigate the environmental and health impacts of ship emissions.