bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Toplu Ulaşım Sisteminde Sürücü Tanıma Sistemi: Türkiye Taksi Örneği
Authors: Kartal Bilal , Tektaş Mehmet , Tektaş Necla
Published: October 2024

Kentsel alanlarda, özellikle büyük metropollerde, toplu ulaşım sistemleri sürdürülebilir kentsel gelişimin ve yaşam kalitesinin temel bileşenlerinden biridir. Dijital çağın getirdiği teknolojik ilerlemeler, bu sistemlerin etkinliğini ve verimliliğini artırmada kritik bir rol oynamaktadır. Bu bağlamda, Akıllı Ulaşım Sistemleri (AUS), kentsel ulaşım ağlarının optimizasyonunda giderek daha fazla önem kazanmaktadır. Toplu ulaşımın çeşitli modları arasında, taksiler özellikle kısa mesafeli, kapıdan kapıya ve bireyselleştirilmiş seyahat talepleri açısından önemli bir boşluğu doldurmaktadır. Ancak, birçok büyük şehirde taksi hizmetleriyle ilgili çeşitli sorunlar gözlemlenmektedir. Bu sorunlar arasında güvenlik endişeleri, ödeme anlaşmazlıkları ve hizmet kalitesiyle ilgili şikayetler ön plana çıkmaktadır. Sistem tasarımı, fiziksel testlerle doğrulanmış ve bir yüksek lisans tezi kapsamında detaylı olarak incelenmiştir. Geliştirilen sürücü tanıma sistemi, Türkiye'de ilk olma özelliğini taşımakla birlikte, global ölçekte de benzersiz özelliklere sahiptir. Sistemin temel hedefleri arasında sürücü güvenliğinin artırılması, yolcu-sürücü anlaşmazlıklarının minimize edilmesi ve taksi hizmet kalitesinin yükseltilmesi yer almaktadır. Bu amaçlara ulaşmak için, sistem içerisinde acil durum bildirimi, taksi durumunun (boş/dolu/rezerve) dinamik gösterimi gibi yenilikçi özellikler yer almaktadır. Önerilen Taksi Sürücü Sistemi Modeli hem akademik literatüre katkı sağlamayı hem de sektörel uygulamalara yol göstermeyi hedefleyerek New York, Londra, Tokyo, Paris ve İstanbul gibi büyük hacimli taksiye sahip metropollerin ihtiyaçlarına cevap verebilecek şekilde tasarlanmıştır. Bu çalışma, toplu ulaşımda akıllı sistemlerin entegrasyonu konusunda yeni bir perspektif sunmakta ve gelecekteki araştırmalar için verimli bir zemin hazırlamaktadır. Ayrıca, önerilen modelin diğer toplu ulaşım araçlarına uyarlanabilirliği, araştırmanın potansiyel etkisini genişletmektedir.
SOCIAL WELL-BEING IN KAZAKHSTAN: DEVELOPMENT AND IMPACT OF THE INSTITUTIONAL SYSTEM
Authors:   Institute of Economics CS MSHE RK, Ruzanov R. , Dosmanbetova M. ,   University of international business named after Kenzhegali Sagadiyev, Ibragimova K. ,   Institute of Economics CS MSHE RK, Nurymova S. ,   Institute of Economics CS MSHE RK
Published: October 2024

The article is devoted to the development of the country's institutional system and its impact on the level of social well-being of Kazakhstani society. The purpose of the article is to define the institutional conditions for ensuring social well-being in Kazakhstan. The methods used were the analytical method, the statistical method, the functional and structural method of system analysis, the method of deduction, the method of synthesis and the method of comparison. Their application made it possible to consider the objects of research as a single system of entities with interrelations and mutual influence. The paper defines the structure and hierarchy of the institutional system aimed at the development of social well-being in the regions and in the country as a whole. Further, based on an institutional analysis of the content of regulatory legal documents, it was possible to assess their quality, logic and the strength of the links between them. In addition, this, in turn, made it possible to identify the shortcomings and problems of the current system. In the course of the study, it was possible to identify the main trends and shortcomings of regulatory legal acts regulating the processes and influencing the creation of conditions for the development of social well-being in the country. Guidelines for improving the institutional system have been identified.
Prevalencia parasitaria intestinal en escolares de localidades rurales, urbanas y suburbanas del municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora, México.
Authors: Limón Millanes Guadalupe Lydia , Morales Figueroa Gloria Guadalupe , Rascón Castelo Edgar Adolfo , López Mata Marco Antonio , Quihui Cota Luis
Published: October 2024

Introducción: El aumento de las infecciones parasitarias intestinales en el mundo, refuerzan su amenaza a la salud pública en México, particularmente entre las poblaciones infantil y marginada, con reportes de altas prevalencias en la mayoría de las regiones del país. Sin embargo, la información sobre el estado actual de este problema en localidades según su nivel de urbanización es aún muy limitada.
Objetivo: Determinar y comparar la prevalencia de infecciones parasitarias intestinales entre escolares rurales, suburbanos y urbanos del municipio de Hermosillo, Sonora.
Metodología: El universo muestral de este estudio fue de 16 049 escolares inscritos oficialmente en 10 primarias seleccionadas aleatoriamente de un total de 295 primarias públicas. La muestra que aceptó participar voluntariamente fue de 1 344 escolares (8%). Este fue un estudio de corte transversal, en el cual se colectaron de dos a tres muestras de heces fecales por participante, en el periodo de 2010 a 2015, y las cuales fueron procesadas a través de los métodos de Faust, Kato Katz, Kinyoun, y ELISA.
Resultados: Participaron un total de 1 344 escolares, con edades entre 5 a 12 años. De ellos, 52.3% eran niñas y 47.6% niños. Se observó una mayor prevalencia de los protozoarios patógenos Cryptosporidium sp. (30%) y Giardia duodenalis (18.8%). Como protozoarios no patógenos, se encontró a Endolimax nana (20.8%) con la mayor prevalencia, mientras que Iodamoeba butschlii (4.2%) presentó la menor prevalencia. Hymenolepis nana (2.4%), fue el único helminto encontrado. Los escolares de las localidades rurales (46.1%) y suburbanas (44.6%)
Desarrollo en pandemia de proyectos de aula invertida en contextos de educación médica tradicional
Authors: Muñoz Cano Juan Manuel , Maldonado Salazar Teresita del Niño Jesús , Córdova Hernández Juan Antonio , Albarrán Melzerjuan.cordova@ujat.mx Jorda Aleira , Guzmán Priego Crystell Guadalupe
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Identificar las facilidades y obstáculos para la innovación en las prácticas de aula mediante el apropiado uso de los recursos tecnológicos en la escuela de medicina de la Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, de Villahermosa, México.
Materiales y métodos: Se empleó el método de la investigación acción en el desarrollo de las clases de fisiopatología, del cuarto semestre de medicina. El estudio se inscribe en la heurística y los datos fueron cualitativos. Los datos se obtuvieron de los textos y respuestas del estudiantado en la plataforma Microsoft Teams. Periodo de estudio. El curso se realizó durante 20 semanas, de marzo a julio de 2021, en la plataforma.
Resultados: Se encontró que los docentes y el estudiantado tuvieron problemas de conectividad. La práctica dominante, la cátedra apoyada en presentaciones del estudiantado obstaculizó el desarrollo de las actividades de aula invertida; fue común el copiado y pegado de información de páginas de la red, en vez de la reflexión y el desarrollo del pensamiento crítico. La evaluación formativa se centró en la identificación y solución de problemas, lo cual se logró parcialmente.
Conclusiones: Es necesario modificar el currículo para promover asignaturas que, como fisiopatología, integren varias disciplinas, con programas orientados a los procesos y no la suma de actividades, y la incorporación del uso de las tecnologías de comunicación e información, para favorecer el aprendizaje.
Tricobezoar gastroduodenal, a propósito de un caso.
Authors: Bustamante Morales Luis Bernando , Lara Perez Carlos Alberto , Ayala Bacinello Silvana
Published: October 2024

El tricobezoar es una masa no digerible de cabellos con restos alimenticios entre otros, que forman concreciones. Se presenta el caso de una adolescente de 15 años de edad con un cuadro clínico de más o menos 2 años de evolución, caracterizado por disminución de peso, se reagudiza hace 2 semanas con nauseas que llegan al vomito. Llega a nuestro servicio, donde se le realiza una tomografía abdominal y una endoscopia, confirmando el diagnostico de tricobezoar gastroduodenal. Se interna a la paciente para manejo nutricional y es intervenida quirúrgicamente. Como hallazgo intraoperatorio se evidencio una ulcera en cara posterior del estómago. Se realizo un manejo conjunto con psiquiatría y nutrición. Se le dio de alta al noveno día postoperatorio, con una evolución favorable, con un control laboratorial más aceptable y con el aumento de 2 kilos. El manejo de estos pacientes debe ser multidisciplinario, buscando que el cuadro no recidive.
DEVELOPMENT OF CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY OF BUSINESS IN THE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM
Authors:   Kiev National University of Technologies and Design, Ukraine, Khaustova Yevheniia , Atamas Oleksandr ,   Dnipro State Agrarian and Economic University, Ukraine
Published: October 2024

The challenge and need of society in the 21st century is the development of corporate social responsibility. Corporate responsibility of business directly affects social security at all hierarchical levels of the economy. The purpose of the study is to extend the theoretical and methodical foundations and develop practical recommendations for the development of corporate social responsibility of enterprises. The following methods of inquiry were used during the study: economic-mathematical method, sociological method and method of expert assessment to assess the impact of corporate culture (CC) on corporate social responsibility (CSR); graphical-analytical to illustrate the processes under study. As a result of the study, methodical support for assessment of the impact of CC on the development of CSR was developed based on the systematization of methods for study of CC, indicators for assessment of the economic and social effectiveness of the impact of CC and development of methods for assessment of its impact on the activity of an enterprise and development of CSR. In conclusion, scientific and practical recommendations for the formation of positive CC at the microeconomic level were substantiated, which include the use of the proposed system of tools (organizational, economic, socio-psychological, information, etc.), a set of measures to improve labour motivation, overcome distortions in labour evaluation and labour incentives , use the potential of social partnership.
BIRO MEDIASI TERHADAP PELAYANAN MASYARAKAT KONSUMEN ASURANSI
Authors: Suryati
Published: October 2024

Setiap masyarakat mempunyai berbagaimacam cara untuk menyelesaikan sengketaatau konflik seperti konsultasi, negosiasi,mediasi, konsiliasi, arbitrase, dan ajudikasi/pengadilan.1 Cara penyelesaian yang dipilihanggota masyarakat didasarkan pada berbagaifaktor seperti pemahaman anggota masyarakatatas cara dan bentuk penyelesaian sengketatersebut, keyakinan bahwa cara tersebut adalahcara terbaik dan paling menguntungkan, dilihatdari segi biaya, efektivitas, dan cepat lambatnyawaktu yang diperlukan untuk menyelesaikansengketa.Di dalam transaksi bisnis asuransi,penyelesaian sengketa dalam masyarakat yangsudah sadar akan pentingnya asuransi/insurance minded society lebih seringdiselesaikan melalui alternatif penyelesaiansengketa seperti arbitrase dan mediasi, karenaitu kontrak-kontrak polis asuransi di negaranegarayang penduduknya sudah sadar asuransiselalu memuat klausul penyelesaian sengketamelalui arbitrase.Dalam asuransi dikenal ada kontrak polisasuransi atau yang lebih dikenal denganÂ sebutan polis asuransi yang dijual olehperusahaan-perusahaan asuransi di Indonesiapada umumnya yang berasal dari negaraBelanda dan Inggris atau Amerika meskipunsekarang ini sudah banyak polis asuransi yangtelah dibuat oleh Dewan Asuransi Indonesia/DAI sebelum terbentuk asosiasi perasuransianseperti Asosiasi Asuransi Umum Indonesia/AAUI, Asosiasi Asuransi Jaminan SosialIndonesia /AAJSI.
PERLINDUNGAN HUKUM PEKERJA KONTRAK OUTSOURCING
Authors: Iskatrinah
Published: October 2024

Pertumbuhan kegiatan usaha yang begitu cepat dan adanya kecenderungan liberalisasi ekonomi, yang diikuti kemajuan teknologiyang demikian pesat memaksa adanya persaingan usaha yang sangat ketat di dunia usaha/bisnis. Berbagai pemikiran yang mengarah kepada efisiensi terus berkembang didorong oleh tuntutan pasar yang kurangmemperhatikan kepentingan para pencari kerja/ pekerja. Diharapkan dengan jalan efisiensi pengusaha mampu memenangkan danbertahan di pasar tetapi dapat melayani dengan baik, menghasilkan produk yang baik, dengan biaya serendah mungkin, dan dapat menekanwaktu pelayanan. Dalam pergerakan dunia usaha /jalannya perusahaan sangat dipengaruhi oleh pihakpihak yang terlibat dalam kegiatan usahatersebut, dalam hukum Ketenagakerjaan pihakpihak tersebut adalah Pengusaha/Organisasi Pengusaha, Pekerja/Serikat Pekerja danPemerintah. Dalam praktek berusaha pihak yang mempunyai kemampuan bergaining tinggi adalah pihak Pengusaha selanjutnya Pemerintah dalam hal penerbitan regulasi yang kecenderungannya sarat/ lebih melihatkepentingan pengusaha. Melalui berbagai regulasi, pemerintahtelah membuat perangkat hukum bagi berkembangnya investasi di dunia usaha. Seiring dengan itu pula, pengusaha terus berupaya untuk dapat menangkap setiap peluang usaha yang ada, antara lain denganpemanfaatan berbagai kemudahan usaha yang diberikan pemerintah maupun melalui upayaupaya internal seperti yang telah dikemukakanyaitu efisiensi untuk menghemat biaya operasional usaha. Tindakan pengusaha berkaitan dengan efisiensi tersebut berdampakpada kondisi pekerja baik secara ekonomis, sosiologis, psychis dan yang paling relevan dengan kajian ini adalah perlindunganhukumnya. Salah satu hal yang sedang menjadisorotan saat ini adalah keberadaan pekerjakontrak outsourcing yang tumbuh subur diIndonesia, sementara perlindungan hukumnyamasih banyak diperdebatkan. Keberadaanpekerja kontrak outsourcing ini justru sangatmenguntungkan bagi pengusaha untukmendukung langkah efisiensinya. Mempekerjakankaryawan dalam ikatan kerjaoutsourcing nampaknya sedang menjadi trendatau model bagi pemilik perusahaan baik diperusahaan milik negara maupun perusahaanmilik swasta.
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatologies, fluxes, and trends – Part 1: Differences between seawater DMS estimations
Authors: Joge Sankirna D. , Mahajan Anoop S. , Hulswar Shrivardhan , Marandino Christa A. , Galí Martí , Bell Thomas G. , Simó Rafel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) is a naturally emitted trace gas that can affect the Earth's radiative budget by changing cloud albedo. Most atmospheric models that represent aerosol processes depend on regional or global distributions of seawater DMS concentrations and sea–air flux parameterizations to estimate its emissions. In this study, we analyse the differences between three estimations of seawater DMS, one of which is an observation-based interpolation method following Hulswar et al. (2022) (hereafter referred to as H22) and two of which are proxy-based parameterization methods following Galí et al. (2018) (hereafter referred to as G18) and Wang et al. (2020a) (hereafter referred to as W20). The interpolation-based method depends on the distribution of observations and the methods used to fill data between observations, while the parameterization-based methods rely on establishing a relationship between DMS and environmental parameters such as chlorophyll a, mixed-layer depth, nutrients, sea surface temperature, etc., which can then be used to predict DMS concentrations. On average, the interpolation-based methods show higher DMS values compared to the parameterization-based methods. Even though the interpolation method shows higher values than the parameterization-based methods, it fails to capture mesoscale variability. The regression-based parameterization method (G18) shows the lowest values compared to other estimations, especially in the Southern Ocean, which is the high-DMS region in austral summer. The parameterization-based methods suggest positive long-term trends in seawater DMS (3.82±0.79 % per decade for G18 and 2.13±0.32 % per decade for W20). Since large differences, often more than 100 %, are observed between the different estimations of seawater DMS, the derived sea–air fluxes and, hence, the impact of DMS on the radiative budget are sensitive to the estimate used.
Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) climatologies, fluxes, and trends – Part 2: Sea–air fluxes
Authors: Joge Sankirna D. , Mahajan Anoop S. , Hulswar Shrivardhan , Marandino Christa A. , Galí Martí , Bell Thomas G. , Yang Mingxi , Simó Rafel
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Dimethyl sulfide (DMS) contributes to cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) formation in the marine environment. DMS is ventilated from the ocean to the atmosphere, and, in most models, this flux is calculated using seawater DMS concentrations and a sea–air flux parameterization. Here, climatological seawater DMS concentrations from interpolation and parameterization techniques are passed through seven flux parameterizations to estimate the DMS flux. The seasonal means of calculated fluxes are compared to identify differences in absolute values and spatial distributions, which show large differences depending on the flux parameterization used. In situ flux observations were used to validate the estimated fluxes from all seven parameterizations. Even though we see a correlation between the estimated and observation values, all methods underestimate the fluxes in the higher range (>20 µmol m−2 d−1) and overestimate the fluxes in the lower range (<20 µmol m−2 d−1). The estimated uncertainty in DMS fluxes is driven by the uncertainty in seawater DMS concentrations in some regions but by the choice of flux parameterization in others. We show that the resultant flux is, hence, highly sensitive to both and suggest that there needs to be an improvement in the estimation methods of global seawater DMS concentration and sea–air fluxes for accurately modeling the effect of DMS on the atmosphere.
Riverine nutrient impact on global ocean nitrogen cycle feedbacks and marine primary production in an Earth system model
Authors: Tivig Miriam , Keller David P. , Oschlies Andreas
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Riverine nutrient export is an important process in marine coastal biogeochemistry and also impacts global marine biology. The nitrogen cycle is a key player here. Internal feedbacks are shown to regulate not only nitrogen distribution, but also primary production and thereby oxygen concentrations. Phosphorus is another essential nutrient and interacts with the nitrogen cycle via different feedback mechanisms. After a previous study of the marine nitrogen cycle response to riverine nitrogen supply, here we include phosphorus from river export with different phosphorus burial scenarios and study the impact of phosphorus alone and in combination with nitrogen in a global 3D ocean biogeochemistry model. Again, we analyse the effects on near-coastal and open-ocean biogeochemistry. We find that riverine export of bioavailable phosphorus alone or in conjunction with nitrogen affects marine biology on millennial timescales more than riverine nitrogen alone. Biogeochemical feedbacks in the marine nitrogen cycle are strongly influenced by additional phosphorus. Where bioavailable phosphorus increases with river input, nitrogen concentration increases as well, except for in regions with diminishing oxygen concentrations. High phosphorus burial rates decrease biological production significantly. Globally, the addition of riverine phosphorus in the modelled ocean leads to elevated primary production rates in the coastal and open oceans.
Accelerating research through community open source software for a standardized file format to improve process representation in numerical weather prediction models
Authors: Tjernström Johanna , Gallagher Michael , Holt Jareth , Svensson Gunilla , Shupe Matthew D. , Day Jonathan J. , Ferrighi Lara , Khalsa Siri Jodha , Hartten Leslie M. , O'Connor Ewan , Mariani Zen , Godøy Øystein
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Improvements in process representation in numerical weather prediction (NWP) models requires informed collaboration between scientists making research-grade observations and scientist developing state-of-the-art NWP models. As a result, progress in model quality relies heavily on the ability to efficiently evaluate and reliably reconcile these two sources of information. To facilitate such progress, with focus on enhanced model skill in polar regions, the Year of Polar Prediction site Model Intercomparison Project (YOPPsiteMIP) community defined the Merged Data File (MDF) format. The file format is designed for high temporal and spatial resolution data for direct comparison between observations and model output to assess parameterized processes under various conditions. A broad overview of the MDF format is provided along with supporting use-cases defined by the research community, and present a set of free, open-source, computational tools for creating and utilizing this standardized format. Two free open source Python packages are discussed: 1) “The MDF toolkit", a data processing library for the creation of standardized datasets, and 2) "MDF visualization", a set of Python codes in notebook format that accelerate model evaluation and climate process research utilizing the MDF format. The benefits of such tools that may help unite diverse groups of researchers through a common data-format language are also discussed.
Diagnosing Aerosol-Meteorological Interactions on Snow within the Earth System: A Proof-of-Concept Study over High Mountain Asia
Authors: Roychoudhury Chayan , He Cenlin , Kumar Rajesh , Arellano Jr. Avelino F.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Snowmelt in the Third Pole, particularly in High Mountain Asia (HMA), is strongly influenced by interactions between aerosols and meteorology. However, understanding these interactions remains uncertain due to their complexity and limitations in existing approaches using model sensitivity and process-denial experiments. In addition, these interactions are insufficiently represented in current climate models. Equally ambiguous is the impact of these interactions on snow processes in the context of climate change. Here we use network theory to identify key variables that influence non-linear processes within snowmelt using daily data for the late snowmelt season (May–July). We combine statistical and machine learning methods using observational and model data, to highlight the underappreciated relevance of coupled processes between aerosols and meteorology on snow, as well as the inconsistent representation of aerosol-meteorology interactions on snow within major reanalyses, reflective of differences in model design. In particular, dust interactions with near-surface temperature and large-scale circulation are underrepresented, as well as gaps in cloud cover interactions especially in the least coupled reanalysis. Carbonaceous aerosols and large-scale circulation emerge as main drivers of aerosol-meteorology onto snow interactions, highlighting their relevance in Earth system models (ESMs) for the accurate assessment of water availability in developing economies. These diagnoses point to the degree of complexity of these interactions and their relative strength of representation across ESMs. The proposed framework can thus be extended to diagnose other complex Earth system processes, providing a pathway for improving Earth system predictability and reducing climate change uncertainties.
An Algorithm for Automatic Fitting and Formula Assignment in Atmospheric Mass Spectra
Authors: Mickwitz Valter , Peräkylä Otso , Graeffe Frans , Worsnop Douglas , Ehn Mikael
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Mass spectrometry is an established method for studying the chemical composition of gases and particles in the atmosphere. Using this technique, signals corresponding to thousands, or even tens of thousands of compounds may be detected from ambient air. The process of identifying all the peaks in the mass spectra is often arduous and time--consuming, in particular when multiple overlapping peaks are present. This manual peak fitting and identification may take even experienced analysts anywhere from weeks to months to complete, depending on the desired accuracy and completeness. In this work, we attempted to automate the fitting and formula assignment workflow and evaluate how far the process can get using a ''one button'' algorithm. The algorithm constructed in this work takes in commonly known parameters specific to the instrument type and by pressing one button, it runs and ultimately provides a list of likely peaks for the mass spectrum. The algorithm utilizes weighted least squares fitting and a modified version of the Bayesian information criterion along with an iterative formula assignment process. We applied it to synthetic mass spectra and both a gas-phase chemical ionization mass spectrometer (CIMS) dataset and an aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS) dataset. The results were largely comparable with manual peak fitting and identification done previously, but were achieved in a fraction of the time. Erroneous assignments mainly appeared at low--intensity signals, with interference from nearby higher intensity signals, a case that is challenging also for manual peak fitting. This algorithm provides an excellent starting point for a peak list, which, if needed, can be manually revised. The main result of this study is the algorithm itself. While further improvements and tweaks are possible, the algorithm presented here is currently being implemented into the commonly used Tofware analysis software package, to allow easy utilization by the broader community. We hope this can save valuable time of researchers for data interpretation rather than data processing and curation.
Monsoonal influence on floating marine litter pathways in the Bay of Bengal
Authors: Harrison Lianne C. , Graham Jennifer A. , Chowdhury Piyali , Silva Tiago A. M. , Hoehn Danja P. , Samanta Alakes , Chakraborty Kunal , Joseph Sudheer , Nair T. M. Balakrishnan , Kumar T. Srinivasa
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Marine litter in the Bay of Bengal has been under-studied despite large quantities of mismanaged waste reportedly entering the ocean from its surrounding countries. The seasonal reversal of monsoon currents in this region provides a unique environment for the transport of floating macro-litter. A particle tracking model is used here to investigate source-to-sink connectivity of marine debris between countries via oceanic pathways in the Bay of Bengal. We use a novel approach considering uniform release of particles along the entire coastline, avoiding the considerable uncertainties associated with assumed riverine sources. Two different simulations are considered, forced with either a high-resolution ocean hindcast developed specifically for the Bay of Bengal or a lower-resolution dataset which includes data assimilation. The vast majority of particles released during our simulations were found to beach within 16 months; most particles beached in their country of origin (57–90 %), with connectivity towards Myanmar accounting for the second highest connectivity rates (2–29 %) from many countries within the Bay of Bengal. This is likely due to the relatively large size of Myanmar’s coastline and that it lies in the path of the East India Coastal Current for much of the year (February–September). Patterns of connectivity were found to change along with the monsoon, and the post-monsoon period (October–January) showed a notably greater dispersal of particles than the rest of the year. Both simulations were validated using the pathways of undrogued surface drifters, with better agreement found for particles advected by data-assimilated ocean velocities. This study will therefore crucially inform future research in this region, providing advice on the accuracy of different modelling approaches, as well as providing information to policymakers around the likely transport of litter between countries around the Bay of Bengal, independent of assumptions of the source locations or volumes.
Very high spatial and temporal resolution rainfall data for accurate flood inundation modelling
Authors: Nguyen Chi , Vaze Jai , Mateo Cherry May R. , Hutchinson Michael F. , Teng Jin
Published: October 2024

Abstract. High-quality rainfall data are crucial for various climatological and hydrological applications, especially in detailed modelling. However, obtaining precipitation data with fine spatiotemporal resolution is often challenging due to the limited availability of sub-daily point measurements and the sparse distribution of rainfall stations in many regions. This paper presents and demonstrates a method to generate the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization Hourly Rainfall (CHRain) dataset, which provides hourly and 1 km gridded rainfall surfaces for hydrological/hydrodynamic modelling. The method applies thin-plate spline interpolation to generate rainfall surfaces using hourly input time series obtained from hourly rainfall stations, and from daily data disaggregated into hourly intervals based on patterns observed in nearby hourly rainfall stations, and also guided by continuous radar images. The method is used to represent rainfall patterns and amounts from 2007 to 2022 in the Richmond River catchment in New South Wales, Australia. The CHRain dataset is compared with hourly measurements and other gridded datasets currently available in Australia. The correlation coefficient of 0.948 shows that the CHRain dataset can adequately reproduce the patterns of hourly rainfall measurements. The spatial and temporal analyses also indicate that the CHRain dataset outperforms other gridded datasets in representing the sub-grid distribution as well as the daily and hourly variation of rainfall across the study area. These are all essential for capturing the spatiotemporal characteristics of flood inundation in the study area which is frequented by disastrous flood events. The proposed method opens an opportunity to develop high resolution spatiotemporal rainfall datasets for other regions.
Accelerating compound flood risk assessments through active learning: A case study of Charleston County (USA)
Authors: Terlinden-Ruhl Lucas , Couasnon Anaïs , Eilander Dirk , Hendrickx Gijs G. , Mares-Nasarre Patricia , Antolínez José A. Á.
Published: October 2024

Abstract. Flooding is the most likely natural hazard that affects individuals and can be driven by rainfall, river discharge, storm surge, tides, and waves. Compound floods result from their co-occurrence and can generate a larger flood hazard when compared to the sum of the individual drivers. Current state-of-the-art stochastic compound flood risk assessments are based on statistical, hydrodynamic, and impact simulations. However, the stochastic nature of some key variables in the flooding process is often not accounted for as adding stochastic variables exponentially increases the computational costs (i.e., the curse of dimensionality). These simplifications (e.g., a constant flood driver duration or a constant time lag between flood drivers) may lead to a mis-quantification of the flood risk. This study develops a conceptual framework that allows for a better representation of compound flood risk while limiting the increase in the overall computational time. After generating synthetic events from a statistical model fitted to the selected flood drivers, the proposed framework applies a Treed Gaussian Process (TGP). A TGP uses active learning to explore the uncertainty associated with the response of damages to synthetic events. Thereby, it informs on the best choice of hydrodynamic and impact simulations to run to reduce uncertainty in the damages. Once the TGP predicts the damage of all synthetic events within a tolerated uncertainty range, the flood risk is calculated. As a proof of concept, the proposed framework was applied to the case study of Charleston County (South Carolina, USA) and compared with a state-of-the-art stochastic compound flood risk model, which used equidistant sampling with linear scatter interpolation. The proposed framework decreased the overall computational time by a factor of four, and decreased the root mean square error in damages by a factor of eight. With a reduction in computational time and errors, additional stochastic variables such as the drivers' duration and time lag were included in the compound flood risk assessment. Not accounting for these resulted in an underestimation of 11.6 % (25.47 million USD) in the expected annual damage. Thus, by accelerating compound flood risk assessments with active learning, the framework presented here allows for more comprehensive assessments as it loosens constraints imposed by the curse of dimensionality.
Estimating ground motion intensities using simulation-based estimates of local crustal seismic response
Authors: Agrawal Himanshu , McCloskey John
Published: October 2024

Abstract. It is estimated that 2 billion people will move to cities in the next 30 years, many of which possess high seismic risk, underscoring the importance of reliable hazard assessments. Current ground motion models for these assessments typically rely on an extensive catalogue of events to derive empirical ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs), which are often unavailable in developing countries. Considering the challenge, we choose an alternative method utilizing physics-based (PB) ground motion simulations and develop a simplified decomposition of ground motion estimation by considering regional attenuation (Δ) and local site amplification (A), thereby exploring how much of the observed variability can be explained solely by wave propagation effects. We deterministically evaluate these parameters in a virtual city named Tomorrowville, located in a 3D-layered crustal velocity model containing sedimentary basins, using randomly oriented extended sources. Using these physics-based empirical parameters (Δ and A), we evaluate the intensities, particularly peak ground acceleration (PGA), of hypothetical future earthquakes. The results suggest that the estimation of PGA using the deterministic Δ−A decomposition exhibits a robust spatial correlation with the PGA obtained from simulations within Tomorrowville. This method exposes an order-of-magnitude spatial variability in PGA within Tomorrowville, primarily associated with the near-surface geology and largely independent of the seismic source. In conclusion, advances in PB simulations and improved crustal structure determination offer the potential to overcome the limitations of earthquake data availability to some extent, enabling prompt evaluation of ground motion intensities.
Pathway to Trauma-Informed Rehabilitation Counseling: Vocational Rehabilitation Counselors’ Training Experiences and Use of Trauma-Relevant Knowledge in Daily Practice
Authors: Kim Jaeyoung , Baumunk Megan , Park Sara , Tansey Timothy
Published: October 2024

The compelling evidence regarding the prevalence and profound impacts of traumatic experiences on individuals with disabilities underscores the need to establish trauma-informed service environments within vocational rehabilitation (VR). In an initial endeavor towards cultivating trauma-informed service, this study investigates the VR counselors’ professional training experiences in the topical areas of trauma. Further, the applicability of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM 2) is examined in elucidating the utilization of trauma knowledge by VR counselors in their practices. A needs assessment focusing on trauma training was distributed to 169 VR counselors to measure their trauma-related training history and utilization of trauma knowledge in practices. Path analysis was employed to examine the relationship between training experience and the actual use of trauma knowledge in counseling based on the TAM 2 framework. Participants reported having 9.71 hours of post-graduate training. Path analysis suggested adding three additional paths to the original research model, explaining how post-graduate training leads to the use of trauma knowledge in VR service through perceived ease of use, usefulness, attitude toward using, and behavioral intention. The profession of rehabilitation counseling needs to incorporate more trauma-related training into its practice, education, and research to better serve individuals with disabilities and improve the effectiveness of services.
Coragem moral de enfermeiros nos serviços de saúde: revisão de escopo
Authors: Dalla Nora Carlise Rigon , Marques Acosta Aline , Dias da Silva Lima Maria Alice , Silva Conter Bruna
Published: October 2024

Objetivo: Analisar a produção científica sobre coragem moral de enfermeiros que atuam em serviços de saúde. Método: Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, as buscas ocorreram em junho de 2022 nas bases LILACS, IBECS, BDENF, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SciELO, PubMed, Web of Science e SCOPUS. Incluíram-se artigos originais, realizados com enfermeiros dos serviços de saúde, abordando o tema da coragem moral. Resultados: Foram incluídos 26 estudos. Da análise resultaram 3 categorias: níveis de coragem moral, fatores e situações que influenciam a coragem moral e correlações com coragem moral. Conclusão: O estudo possibilitou identificar a produção científica disponível acerca de coragem moral em enfermeiros. O reconhecimento da importância da coragem moral como parte das competências do enfermeiro e sua avaliação oferece possibilidades para o desenvolvimento de intervenções e programas educacionais para o aumento dos níveis de coragem moral dos mesmos.
TAX ADMINISTRATION DIGITIZATION PRACTICE IN JAPAN STUDY
Authors:   L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian national university, NESSIPBAY Olzhas , SERIKOVA Madina ,   L.N. Gumіlyοv Еurasіan Natіοnal Unіvеrsіty, BASHKIROVA Nadezhda ,   Lοmοnοsοv Mοscοw Statе Unіvеrsіty, Mοscοw
Published: October 2024

The tax policy of the state in conjunction with the methods of tax administration is a determining factor influencing the amount of tax revenues of the budget. Tax discipline, forms and close interaction between taxpayers and regulatory authorities also play a significant role. The development of information and communication technologies (ICT) in recent decades has provided the tax authorities with a wide range of opportunities to increase government revenue, improve the efficiency and quality of services provided to taxpayers, including electronic filing of returns and payment of taxes, while reducing the administrative burden on taxpayers and reducing public administration costs. The first phase of digitalization was the computerization of routine tax administration processes (such as taxpayer registration and income records), and in the second half of last decade and early this decade, many tax authorities adapted their websites to simplify operations by introducing online forms and calculators for taxpayers. In June 2017, Japan National Tax Agency published a strategic plan for the Japanese tax administration called "Looking to the Future." This includes the pursuit of sound taxation and good governance to ensure that taxes are paid based on the understanding and trust of taxpayers. The National Tax Agency of Japan is well aware of the importance of continually moving toward the future it seeks, emphasizing the goal of transparent tax administration. Keywords: tax and customs administration, OECD countries, tax and customs, administrative costs, Tax Code, tax authorities, taxpayers, tax relations, digitalization.
KAZAKHSTAN'S HEALTHCARE SYSTEM IN THE CONTEXT OF THE INTRODUCTION OF COMPULSORY SOCIAL HEALTH INSURANCE
Authors:   Karaganda University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, TYNGISHEVA Ainur , AIMAGAMBETOV Erkara ,   Karaganda University of Kazpotrebsoyuz, Karaganda, BUKATOV Yerik ,   Karaganda University of Kazpotrebsoyuz
Published: October 2024

This article is devoted to the analysis of the Kazakhstani healthcare system in the context of the implementation of the compulsory social health insurance system. It will examine issues related to healthcare costs, the degree of satisfaction of the population with health insurance, the quality of medical services, etc. Since its introduction in 2020, the healthcare insurance system in Kazakhstan has encountered significant challenges. These include public dissatisfaction with the quality of medical services, inadequate coverage of the population with health insurance, vulnerabilities in the insurance information system, the existence of medical supplements, underdeveloped infrastructure in rural areas, and information asymmetry in the health insurance sector. President of Kazakhstan, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev, criticized the reform process of the health insurance system and addressed these issues during a meeting with the Government on February 7, 2024. This article delves into the evolution of the Kazakhstan health insurance system by analyzing financial indicators and monitoring data. Through this analysis, problematic areas were identified, and practical recommendations were developed to optimize the compulsory social health insurance system. Various scientific methods were employed in this study, including institutional analysis, synthesis, literature review, comparative and contrastive, and sociological methods. The goal of this study is to provide recommendations for enhancing the healthcare system in Kazakhstan during the implementation of compulsory social health insurance. The empirical foundation of this study consists of legislative documents in the healthcare sector, official publications, and analytical and statistical reports from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Kazakhstan. The hypothesis of the study is that the introduction of compulsory social health insurance in Kazakhstan is intended to promote positive changes in the healthcare system, but due to existing organizational and financial barriers does not improve the availability and quality of medical services. Keywords: health, health insurance, health care system, public administration, health care costs.
THE ROLE OF THE PROSECUTOR'S OFFICE IN PREVENTING CORRUPTION IN PRIVATE INVESTMENTS: A CASE OF KAZAKHSTAN
Authors:   Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan, ZAGREBIN Alexandr , DAVLETBAYEVA Zhuldyz ,   National School of Public Policy of the Academy of Public Administration under the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan
Published: October 2024

Investment activities in the Republic of Kazakhstan are fraught with significant corruption risks, stemming from imperfect legislation and the intricacies of bureaucratic procedures involved in implementing investment projects. This article aims to investigate the role of the prosecutor's office in preventing corruption within the realm of private investment in Kazakhstan. To achieve this objective, an analysis of regulatory legal documents governing the prosecutor's office's mandate to safeguard the interests of private investors in Kazakhstan was conducted. Additionally, a content analysis of publications detailing successful cases of investor support within the prosecutor's office was undertaken. The study culminates in an evaluation of the effectiveness of this anticorruption mechanism as an alternative to the utilization of corrupt practices by private enterprises in their interactions with authorities. Keywords: corruption, investment, protection of investors, prosecutor’s office, anti-corruption mechanism.
Progress in aluminum-ion battery technology: innovations in cathode materials, electrolyte chemistry, and performance enhancement
Authors: Ashurov I.Kh. , Adilov M.M. , Iskandarov Sh.Ch. , Kurbanov M.Sh. , Ashurov Kh.B.
Published: October 2024

The review explores recent advancements in aluminum-ion battery technology, focusing on innovations in cathode materials, electrolyte chemistry, and performance enhancement. Notable developments include new cathode materials like activated carbon and graphene composites, which improve surface area, conductivity, and overall battery performance. Advances in electrolyte formulations, particularly AlCl3-based ionic liquids, have optimized ion transport and stabilized electrochemical processes, extending cycle life and reliability. Studies on ion intercalation mechanisms using density functional theory and molecular dynamics have provided insights into electrode transformations during charge-discharge cycles, aiding in the design of cathode materials with higher ion storage capacities and improved cyclability. These advancements highlight AIBs' potential as a promising alternative for large-scale energy storage applications.
Особенности стабилизации гидрозоля наночастиц SiO2
Authors: Мирзаев С.З. , Халилов У.Б. , Эгамбердиев К.Б. , Трунилина О.В. , Аввалбоев А.А. , Аллаев Б.А. , Авдиевич В.Н.
Published: October 2024

Рассмотрены сравнительные условия стабилизации образцов гидрозоля полидисперсных наночастиц диоксида кремния SiO2 в диапазоне размеров от 66 до 375 нм. Наночастицы получены в Институте ионо-плазменных и лазерных технологий АН РУз по ресурсосберегающей технологии получения высокодисперсного кремнезема из металлургических отходов методом фторирования аммония. Размер наночастиц контролировали с помощью NanoSight LM10 Marveln Panalytical методом NTA (nanjparticle tracking analysis). Показано влияние разброса степени дисперсности наночастиц SiO2 на зависимость седиментационной устойчивости гидрозоля от концентрации стабилизирующего анионного поверхностно-активного вещества от 40 до 100 мг/л. Чем более полидисперсны образцы наночастиц, тем выше необходимая концентрация поверхностно-активного вещества в диапазоне до критической концентрации мицеллообразования для достижения заданного уровня устойчивости.
Структура, оптические спектры и природа электронных переходов в основах стирилов и метоксистирилов
Authors: Саломов У.Э. , Куйлиев Б.Т. , Науменко А.П.
Published: October 2024

Методами оптической спектроскопии исследованы зависимости электронного строения и спектральных свойств несимметричных цианиновых красителей − основ стирилов и метоксистирилов − от их химического строения, прежде всего, вида концевых групп. Методом TD/DFT/6-31G(d,p)/CAM-B3LYP рассчитаны характеристики электронных переходов. Показано, что замена группы N(СH3)2 на OСH3 в исследуемой серии красителей приводит к сдвигу полос поглощения в коротковолновую область примерно на 50 нм, что объясняется низким расположением донорного уровня метоксистирильной концевой группы. При введении группы N(СH3)2 зарегистрирован сдвиг в 20 нм для стирилов и 40 нм для метоксистирилов, в то время как для групп Н и OСH3 этот сдвиг составляет лишь 2 нм, т.е. состояние молекулы крайне чувствительно к виду концевой группы вне зависимости стирил это или метоксистирил. Получено удовлетворительное согласие экспериментальных результатов с квантовохимическими расчетами.
IMPACT OF OCCUPATIONAL POWER AND SOCIAL STATUS DEPICTED IN PAKISTANI TV DRAMAS: A SOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS
Authors: Fatima Babar  , Dr. Saleem Abbas
Published: October 2024

This research paper is based on how our Pakistani TV dramas portray occupational power and social status through their distinctive setting. Through a sociological analysis, we explored the issue of why Pakistani TV dramas depict typical appearances and specific kinds of dressing to represent a particular social class, e.g., shalwar kameez for the poor and jeans for the rich. Even professional careers such as schoolteachers for the middle class and fashion designers for the upper class are based upon the same factors. A character’s typical background and belongings are also used to show his social status, e.g., in most dramas, middle-class men wear slippers, and the rich wear branded shoes, sunglasses, and watches.
In this study, we argue that the depiction of social class is often biased and does not precisely reflect reality. This significantly impacts the viewers’ minds. This visual representation is evident in Pakistani Urdu television dramas of the past ten years. Using a qualitative research design, we collected our data through in-depth interviews to evaluate the social impact of these visual representations. The paper also supports George Gerbner’s Cultivation Analysis theory and its arguments, proving how TV dramas directly impact heavy viewers’ minds, reflecting their behavior.