bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sexual Victimization and Mental Health in Female University Students
Authors: Blanco Vanessa , López Lara , Otero Patricia , Torres Ángela J. , Ferraces María José , Vázquez Fernando L.
Published: April 2021

Although sexual assaults on female university students are a public health concern, studies that have examined this issue have not used behaviorally specific definitions of the various types of sexual victimization. Furthermore, hardly any data exists on female Spanish university students. The objectives of this study were to analyze the prevalence of different forms of sexual assault against female Spanish university students, determine the risk factors associated with sexual assault, analyze the association between sexual victimization and mental health problems, and determine the differential risk of more serious types of sexual assault. A cross-sectional study was conducted among a random sample of 871 students from the University of Santiago de Compostela (Spain) (mean age 20.7 years, SD = 2.8). The current study assessed various types of sexual violence (i.e., unwanted sexual contact, attempted coercion, coercion, attempted rape, rape), as well as rates of depression, anxiety, stress, eating disorders, substance abuse, suicide risk, and suicide attempts. Of the female students surveyed, 28.5% had suffered some form of sexual violence during the previous year, 22.3% reported unwanted sexual contact, 8.8% attempted coercion, 6.5% coercion, 10.4% attempted rape, and 7.9% had been raped. Lower risk was associated with having a partner and being heterosexual. Being 18 years of age and prior experiences of sexual victimization were associated with higher risk. Being the victim of attempted coercion was associated with a higher risk of depression, while victims of attempted rape were at higher risk for substance use. Rape victims were at the highest risk for all mental health conditions studied, with the exception of suicide attempts. Due to the high rates at which Spanish female university students experience sexual violence, planning and resources are needed to address their mental health needs, especially those who are victims of rape.
Evaluating the Relationship Between Intimate Partner Violence-Related Training and Mental Health Professionals’ Assessment of Relationship Problems
Authors: Burns Samantha C. , Kogan Cary S. , Heyman Richard E. , Foran Heather M. , Slep Amy M. Smith , Domínguez-Martínez Tecelli , Grenier Jean , Matsumoto Chihiro , Reed Geoffrey M.
Published: April 2021

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a serious public health problem associated with increased risk of developing mental health conditions. Assessment of IPV in mental health settings is important for appropriate treatment planning and referral; however, lack of training in how to identify and respond to IPV presents a significant barrier to assessment. To address this issue, the World Health Organization (WHO) advanced a series of evidence-based recommendations for IPV-related training programs. This study examines the relationship between mental health professionals’ experiences of IPV-related training, including the degree to which their training resembles WHO training recommendations, and their accuracy in correctly identifying relationship problems. Participants were psychologists and psychiatrists ( N = 321) from 24 countries who agreed to participate in an online survey in French, Japanese, or Spanish. They responded to questions regarding their IPV-related training (i.e., components and hours of training) and rated the presence or absence of clinically significant relationship problems and maltreatment (RPM) and mental disorders across four case vignettes. Participants who received IPV-related training, and whose training was more recent and more closely resembled WHO training recommendations, were more likely than those without training to accurately identify RPM when it was present. Clinicians regardless of IPV-related training were equally likely to misclassify normative couple issues as clinically significant RPM. Findings suggest that IPV-related training assists clinicians in making more accurate assessments of patients presenting with clinically significant relationship problems, including IPV. These data inform recommendations for IPV-related training programs and suggest that training should be repeated, multicomponent, and include experiential training exercises, and guidelines for distinguishing normative relationship problems from clinically significant RPM.
From Academic to Practitioner: Tips for Increasing Engagement With Your Research (Essay on Best Practices)
Authors: Carcirieri Ava T.
Published: April 2021

Academics and practitioners all too often have little or no contact with each other; the practitioner does not know what research exists that can inform their practices, and the academic does not know enough about the institutions they primarily study to make recommendations that are specific enough to inform a concrete practice or policy. I leverage my experiences both as an academic and as a data analyst and domestic violence coordinator at Family Court to outline lessons learned in the field. I detail how my academic training hindered my work as a practitioner, and how practitioners differ in terms of conducting internal research and presenting data and findings. I use my lessons learned and subsequently list several concrete practices that academics can begin to work into their work to increase communication with important stakeholders, and tailor their work to practical systemic improvement. Bridging the gap between academics and practitioners will lead to better research projects, and findings that will be able to actively enact changes within systems that academics focus on.
The Use and Misuse of Classical Statistics: A Primer for Social Workers
Authors: Dunleavy Daniel J. , Lacasse Jeffrey R.
Published: April 2021

In this article, we offer a primer on “classical” frequentist statistics. In doing so, we aim to (1) provide social workers with a nuanced overview of common statistical concepts and tools, (2) clarify ways in which these ideas have oft been misused or misinterpreted in research and practice, and (3) help social workers better understand what frequentist statistics can and cannot offer. We begin broadly, starting with foundational issues in the philosophy of statistics. Then, we outline the Fisherian and Neyman–Pearson approaches to statistical inference and the practice of null hypothesis significance testing. We then discuss key statistical concepts including α, power, p values, effect sizes, and confidence intervals, exploring several common misconceptions about their use and interpretation. We close by considering some limitations of frequentist statistics and by offering an opinionated discussion on how social workers may promote more fruitful, responsible, and thoughtful statistical practice.
Do Inpatients Receive Risk-Based Prophylactic Treatment for Thrombotic Events?
Authors: Nemani Armin , von zur Mühlen Constantin , Steffen Friederike , Schulte Johannes , Bode Christoph , Krohn-Grimberghe Marvin
Published: April 2021

Background:

Current guidelines recommend risk-based use of prophylaxis for preventing medical inpatients from venous thromboembolism (VTE). Little is known about the current prescription practice, and even less whether differences between subspecialists like cardiologists, usually treating patients with thrombotic or thromboembolic diseases, and gastroenterologists, treating more patients with gastrointestinal bleeding complications, exist.

Methods:

We performed a retrospective chart review of patients on cardiology and gastroenterology wards of our university hospital. Patients with a clear indication for anticoagulation and contraindication against antithrombotic treatment were excluded. A total of 450 patients per specialty were included. Quantitative risk assessment models were used to determine the risk of a VTE (Padua Prediction Score (PPS), IMPROVE Score) and bleeding (IMPROVE-Bleeding and HAS-BLED Score).

Results:

The overall rate of VTE prophylaxis was high in both patient populations. Significant more low-risk cardiology compared to gastroenterology patients received drug-based prophylaxis. Furthermore, crucial discrepancies were found in the way individual patients would be classified based on PPS and IMPROVE Score. Finally, not the risk category but the length of hospital stay was best at predicting which patient received prophylaxis.
Clinical Characteristics and Management of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis in Patients With Antiphospholipid Syndrome: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Authors: Shen Huixin , Huang Xiaoqin , Fan Chunqiu
Published: April 2021

Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (CVST) is a relatively rare phenomenon, and this observational study aimed to investigate the clinical characteristics of APS patients complicated with CVST. We retrospectively investigated the clinical characteristics of CVST events in APS and compared differential characteristics and associated factors between APS patients with and without CVST. Twenty-one CVST patients with APS were enrolled including 14 females (9.4%) and 7 males (5.8%). The median age and disease duration at onset of CVST was 33 years (IQR 28-48) old and 1.3 months (IQR 0.7-4), respectively. Among APS patients with CVST, 12 (57.1%) cases presented with neurologic symptoms of CVST as the initial manifestation. Onset of CVST was mainly chronic (52.4%). Headache (90.5%) was the most common neurological symptom. The common locations of CVST were transverse sinus (76.2%) and superior sagittal sinus (57.1%), with more frequently (76.2%) dual or multiple sinuses involved. All patients with CVST were treated with anticoagulant, and 5 (23.8%) patients received endovascular therapy. Sixteen (84.2%) patients had good outcomes and 3 (15.8%) patients died at last follow-up. There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) between two groups in the analysis of related APS indicators. There were no significant differences ( P > 0.05) between two groups in the analysis of related APS indicators. Although APS complicated with CVST is rare and predominately chronic developed. The evaluation of CVST should be performed for APS patients with intracranial hypertension syndrome. The routine screening of antiphospholipid antibodies (aPLs) is highly recommended in unexplained CVST patients. Most CVST patients with APS will have a good prognosis after treatment, and endovascular therapy is an alternative treatment.
Schadenfreude After Watching the News: How Audiences Respond to Media Coverage of Partisans Disclosing Illnesses
Authors: Myrick Jessica Gall , Chen Jin
Published: April 2021

When public figures make announcements about their illness, audiences may be influenced to change their own health behaviors. However, if a disliked political figure becomes ill, feelings of schadenfreude, or pleasure at another’s misfortune, may arise and schadenfreude could predict news consumer’s information seeking and health-related intentions. Surveys of audience responses to news of conservative radio host Rush Limbaugh’s lung cancer diagnosis ( N = 414) and to news of Republican Senator Rand Paul’s COVID-19 diagnosis ( N = 407) found that such illness announcements can evoke schadenfreude, with schadenfreude associated with decreased willingness to undertake preventative health behaviors.
Peridynamic modelling of higher order functionally graded plates
Authors: Yang Zhenghao , Oterkus Erkan , Oterkus Selda
Published: April 2021

With the development of advanced manufacturing technologies, the importance of functionally graded materials is growing as they are advantageous over widely used traditional composites. In this paper, we present a novel peridynamic model for higher order functional graded plates for various thicknesses. Moreover, the formulation eliminates the usage of shear correction factors. Euler–Lagrange equations and Taylor’s expansion are utilised to derive the governing equations. The capability of the developed peridynamic model is demonstrated by considering several benchmark problems. In these benchmark cases simply supported, clamped and mixed boundary conditions are also tested. The peridynamic results are also verified by their finite element analysis counterparts. According to the comparison, peridynamic and finite element analysis results agree very well with each other.
Multiple ellipsoidal/elliptical inhomogeneities embedded in infinite matrix by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method
Authors: Yu Xiu-wei , Wang Zhong-wei , Wang Hao
Published: April 2021

Traditional equivalent inclusion method provides unreliable predictions of the stress concentrations of two spherical inhomogeneities with small separation distance. This paper determines the stress and strain fields of multiple ellipsoidal/elliptical inhomogeneities by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method. Equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method is an inverse of equivalent inclusion method and substitutes the subdomains of matrix with known strains by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusions. The stress and strain fields of multiple inhomogeneities are decomposed into the superposition of matrix under applied load and each solitary inhomogeneous inclusion with polynomial eigenstrains by the iteration of equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method. Multiple circular and spherical inhomogeneities are respectively used as examples and examined by the finite element method. The stress concentrations of multiple inhomogeneities with small separation distances are well predicted by equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method and the accuracies improve with the increase of eigenstrain orders. Equivalent inhomogeneous inclusion method gives more accurate stress predictions than equivalent inclusion method in the problem of two spherical inhomogeneities.
Neighborhood Inequities in Tobacco Retailer Density and the Presence of Tobacco-Selling Pharmacies and Tobacco Shops
Authors: Kong Amanda Y. , Delamater Paul L. , Gottfredson Nisha C. , Ribisl Kurt M. , Baggett Chris D. , Golden Shelley D.
Published: April 2021

Studies document inequitable tobacco retailer density by neighborhood sociodemographics, but these findings may not be robust to different density measures. Policies to reduce density may be less equitable depending on how the presence of store types differs by neighborhood characteristics. We built a 2018 list of probable tobacco retailers in the United States and calculated four measures of density for all census tracts ( N = 71,495), including total count, and number of retailers per 1,000 people, square mile, and kilometers of roadway. We fit multivariable regression models testing associations between each density measure and tract-level sociodemographics. We fit logistic regression models testing associations between sociodemographics and the presence of a tobacco-selling pharmacy or tobacco shop. Across all measures, tracts with a greater percentage of residents living below 150% of the federal poverty level (FPL) had higher density. A higher percentage of Black residents, Hispanic or Latino residents, and vacant housing was inconsistently associated with density across measures. Neighborhoods with a greater percentage of Black residents had a lower odds of having a pharmacy (adjusted odds ratio [a OR] = 0.96, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.95, 0.97]) and tobacco shop (a OR = 0.87, CI [0.86, 0.89]), while those with a greater percentage of residents living below 150% FPL had greater odds of having a tobacco shop (a OR = 1.18, CI [1.16, 1.20]). Researchers and policymakers should consider how various measures of retailer density may capture different aspects of the environment. Furthermore, there may be an inequitable impact of retailer-specific policies on tobacco availability.
Metastatic Malignant Peritoneal Mesothelioma Mimicking an Autoinflammatory Syndrome in a 12-Year-Old Boy
Authors: Olmedilla Gabriel , Undaondo Clara , Vasquez Wenceslao , Rodriguez Nuria
Published: April 2021

A case of a malignant peritoneal mesothelioma mimicking an autoinflammatory syndrome in a 12-year-old boy is reported. The patient initially presented with lymphadenopathy and weight loss but without abdominal pain. Three things confounded the initial diagnosis: a positive test result for a gene related to cryopyrin-associated periodic syndrome, a positive response to the autoinflammatory syndrome treatment, and a lymph node biopsy which showed “hyperplastic mesothelial cells in the lymph sinuses.” His symptoms relapsed several years later, and a peritoneal biopsy confirmed the final diagnosis. Complete morphological, immunohistochemical, and molecular diagnoses are described. A translocation in the TERT gene involving the truncation of the promoter was found in the mesothelioma. The translocation has never been described in mesotheliomas and is of an unknown significance.
GPU-accelerated molecular dynamics: State-of-art software performance and porting from Nvidia CUDA to AMD HIP
Authors: Kondratyuk Nikolay , Nikolskiy Vsevolod , Pavlov Daniil , Stegailov Vladimir
Published: April 2021

Classical molecular dynamics (MD) calculations represent a significant part of the utilization time of high-performance computing systems. As usual, the efficiency of such calculations is based on an interplay of software and hardware that are nowadays moving to hybrid GPU-based technologies. Several well-developed open-source MD codes focused on GPUs differ both in their data management capabilities and in performance. In this work, we analyze the performance of LAMMPS, GROMACS and OpenMM MD packages with different GPU backends on Nvidia Volta and AMD Vega20 GPUs. We consider the efficiency of solving two identical MD models (generic for material science and biomolecular studies) using different software and hardware combinations. We describe our experience in porting the CUDA backend of LAMMPS to ROCm HIP that shows considerable benefits for AMD GPUs comparatively to the OpenCL backend.
Novel BEST1 mutations and clinical characteristics of autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy in a Spanish patient
Authors: Soto-Sierra Marina , Morillo-Sánchez María José , Martín-Sánchez Marta , Ramos-Jiménez Manuel , López-Domínguez Mireia , Ponte-Zuñiga Beatriz , Antiñolo Guillermo , Rodríguez-de-la-Rúa Enrique
Published: April 2021

Purpose:

To describe the clinical and genetic characteristics (novel mutation in BEST1 gene) of a Spanish patient with autosomal recessive bestrophinopathy (ARB).

Methods:

The detailed ophthalmological examination included best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), color and autofluorescence photography, fluorescein angiography, optical coherence tomography, and electrophysiology tests. A next-generation sequencing (NGS) strategy was applied to the index patient, and then sequenced in an Illumina NextSeq500 system.

Results:

A 55-year-old male presented with a BCVA of 20/25 in the right eye and 20/20 in the left eye. Fundoscopy revealed perifoveal yellow flecked-like lesions. Fluorescein angiography and fundus autofluorescence results were consistent with pattern dystrophy. A homozygous frameshift mutation in BEST1 (c.341_342del; p.(Leu114Glnfs*57)) was identified as the cause of the disease.

Conclusion:

ARB is a genetic disease that leads to irreversible visual loss. In this report we found a novel mutation responsible for this disease.
Safe and effective HeRO graft placement: Technique and results
Authors: Illig Karl A , London Mark J , Aruny John , Ross John R
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Hemodialysis Reliable Outflow (HeRO) grafts are used when venous outflow is inadequate to support conventional access. These have been perceived as complex to implant and being associated with high risk. We have evolved a defined protocol for insertion that minimizes morbidity and maximizes efficiency.

Methods:

Our protocol includes staged intravenous access versus HeRO graft placement, reverse Trendelenburg positioning, subcutaneous access of the deep portion of the existing catheter, use of a stiff wire placed within the inferior vena cava, dilation of the tract to 8 mm, device lubrication, all insertion procedures directly visualized, and use of immediate access conduits with SuperHeRO connector.

Results:

From 7/1/18 to 8/13/19, 55 HeRO grafts were placed at our institution following this protocol, average age 58 ± 15 (26–86) years (mean ± SD, range). 53 (96%) had had prior ipsilateral central access (13 by means of “inside out” 2 weeks prior) the other two had on-table access. Mean procedure time was 70 ± 26 (38–148) min. Excluding seven “complex” cases, procedure time for our first 20 cases using this protocol was 72 ± 29 min, while that of the last 28 was 62 ± 18 min ( p < 0.05). One patient suffered acute CHF after unclamping; despite reclamping and ligation he died on POD 3 (mortality rate 2%). 71% were done as outpatients, and 47 of 53 evaluable patients (89%) had their grafts used within 36 h for dialysis. Only one patient (2%) has had an infection within 30 days (cellulitis). At a mean followup of 95 ± 105 (maximum 383) days, three additional patients have had graft infections requiring excision, for a total infection rate of 5/53 (9%).

Conclusions:

Our results suggest that HeRO graft placement can be performed with minimal morbidity and mortality on an outpatient basis. Short-term infection rates are low and 89% of patients have their grafts immediately accessed and are discharged without a catheter.
Literature Mapper: A QGIS Plugin for Georeferencing Citations in Zotero
Authors: Tobias Michele M , Mandel Alex I
Published: April 2021

Many studies in air, soil, and water research involve observations and sampling of a specific location. Knowing where studies have been previously undertaken can be a valuable addition to future research, including understanding the geographical context of previously published literature and selecting future study sites. Here, we introduce Literature Mapper, a Python QGIS plugin that provides a method for creating a spatial bibliography manager as well as a specification for storing spatial data in a bibliography manager. Literature Mapper uses QGIS’ spatial capabilities to allow users to digitize and add location information to a Zotero library, a free and open-source bibliography manager on basemaps or other geographic data of the user’s choice. Literature Mapper enhances the citations in a user’s online Zotero database with geo-locations by storing spatial coordinates as part of traditional citation entries. Literature Mapper receives data from and sends data to the user’s online database via Zotero’s web API. Using Zotero as the backend data storage, Literature Mapper benefits from all of its features including shared citation Collections, public sharing, and an open web API usable by additional applications, such as web mapping libraries. To evaluate Literature Mapper’s ability to provide insights into the spatial distribution of published literature, we provide a case study using the tool to map the study sites described in academic publications related to the biogeomorphology of California’s coastal strand vegetation, a line of research in which air movement, soil, and water are all driving factors. The results of this exercise are presented in static and web map form. The source code for Literature Mapper is available in the corresponding author’s GitHub repository: https://github.com/MicheleTobias/LiteratureMapper
Musical skills, or attitude and dress style? Meaning-making when assessing admission tests for Swedish specialist music teacher education
Authors: Sandberg-Jurström Ragnhild , Lindgren Monica , Zandén Olle
Published: April 2021

Although entrance test criteria seem decisive for accessing higher music education programmes, and problems and challenges with the assessment process are reported, the area is largely unexplored. This article concerns how entrance auditions, specifically primary instrument auditions for Swedish specialist music teacher programmes, are examined and discussed. The data comprise video-documented auditions, focus group conversations, and stimulated-recall-based interviews involving assessor groups at four music education departments. Social-semiotic theory is used to study how assessors judge applicants’ knowledge representations in audition performances. A music-centred assessment culture is constructed, emphasising assessments of technical, communicative, and genre-anchored interpretation skills essential for meeting the demands of the education and profession. Also, a person-centred assessment culture is revealed, emphasising the assessment of personal traits suitable for education and profession. The discussion addresses the reliability, credibility, and validity of assessing abilities in terms of being and behaving in a particular way.
CSF chitinase 3-like 1 is associated with iron rims in patients with a first demyelinating event
Authors: Comabella Manuel , Clarke Margareta A , Schaedelin Sabine , Tintoré Mar , Pareto Deborah , Fissolo Nicolás , Pinteac Rucsanda , Granziera Cristina , Sastre-Garriga Jaume , Benkert Pascal , Auger Cristina , Kuhle Jens , Montalban Xavier , Rovira Alex
Published: April 2021

Background:

Chronic active lesions with iron rims have prognostic implications in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Objective:

To assess the relationship between iron rims and levels of chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1), neurofilament light chain (NfL) and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in patients with a first demyelinating event.

Methods:

Iron rims were identified using 3T susceptibility-weighted imaging. Serum NfL and GFAP levels were measured by single-molecule array assays. CSF (cerebrospinal fluid) CHI3L1 levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

Results:

Sixty-one patients were included in the study. The presence of iron rims was associated with higher T2 lesion volume and higher number of gadolinium-enhancing lesions. In univariable analysis, having ⩾2 iron rims (vs 0) was associated with increased CSF CHI3L1 levels (β = 1.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.10–1.79; p < 0.01) and serum NfL levels (β = 2.30; 95% CI = 1.47–3.60; p < 0.01). In multivariable analysis, however, only CSF CHI3L1 levels remained significantly associated with the presence of iron rim lesions (β = 1.45; 95% CI = 1.11–1.90; p < 0.01). The presence of ⩾2 iron rims was not associated with increased serum GFAP levels in univariable or multivariable analyses.

Conclusion:

These findings support an important contribution of activated microglia/macrophages to the pathophysiology of chronic active lesions with iron rims in patients with a first demyelinating event.
Sleep deficit in COVID-19 health-care workers may increase the infection risk
Authors: Ishikura Isabela A. , Rosa Daniela S. , Hachul Helena , Pires Gabriel N. , Tufik Sergio , Andersen Monica L.
Published: April 2021

The COVID-19 pandemic has had negative effects on health-care workers. The rapid growth of the disease has led to overwhelmed health-care systems, overcrowded hospitals, an insufficient number of health-care professionals and shortages of medical equipment. The potential exposure of front-line health-care workers during the COVID-19 outbreak has led to self-isolation and the appearance of adverse feelings such as stress, anxiety and fear. All these factors, combined with an increased workload and extra and changed shifts, are determinants of a sleep-loss process that may result in insomnia. The exacerbated pro-inflammatory milieu caused by insomnia and sleep deprivation present in health professionals may therefore make them more prone to developing severe COVID-19 if infected and/or aggravate the symptoms of the disease. Keeping these professionals healthy and doing everything possible to prevent them from being infected with COVID-19 should be a top priority. As part of this effort, we must be aware of the important effects of insomnia on the immune systems of these professionals and take all possible measures to counter these effects.
Acute Mesenteric Ischemia: A Challenge for the Acute Care Surgeon
Authors: Kärkkäinen J. M.
Published: April 2021

Acute mesenteric ischemia is considered uncommon, but it appears to be more frequent cause of acute abdomen than appendicitis or ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm in elderly patients. Surgical treatment without revascularization is associated with high overall mortality, up to 80%. The modern treatment of acute mesenteric ischemia requires collaboration of gastrointestinal surgeons, vascular surgeons, and interventional radiologists. Early revascularization may reduce the overall mortality associated with acute mesenteric ischemia by up to 50%. Clinical suspicion and contrast-enhanced computed tomography performed at early stage are keys to improve outcomes of acute mesenteric ischemia treatment. This review summarizes what the acute care surgeon needs to know about acute mesenteric ischemia with special emphasis on slowly progressing “acute on chronic” mesenteric ischemia.
Engagement with candidate posts on Twitter, Instagram, and Facebook during the 2019 election
Authors: Boulianne Shelley , Larsson Anders Olof
Published: April 2021

Social media are critical tools offering connections between political actors, voters, and journalists. However, existing scholarship rarely assesses how user engagement differs by platform, content, and function of the post. We examine Facebook ( n = 938), Instagram ( n = 258), and Twitter ( n = 1771) posts by the leaders of three major political parties in Canada during the 2019 Federal Election. Across all three platforms, Liberal Leader Trudeau’s posts receive the most engagement. On Twitter, attack posts receive slightly more engagement and interaction posts receive less engagement, compared with other platforms. While policy posts produce lower levels of engagement across platforms, Facebook is distinctive in yielding the lowest levels of user engagement on policy posts. In sum, our findings suggest that political leaders should tailor the content of their social media posts to different platforms.
Solid particulate mass and number from ducted fuel injection in an optically accessible diesel engine in skip-fired operation
Authors: Wilmer Brady M , Nilsen Christopher W , Biles Drummond E , Mueller Charles J , Northrop William F
Published: April 2021

Ducted fuel injection (DFI) is a novel combustion strategy that has been shown to significantly attenuate soot formation in diesel engines. While previous studies have used optical diagnostics and optical filter smoke number methods to show that DFI reduces in-cylinder soot formation and engine-out soot emissions, respectively, this is the first study to measure solid particle number (PN) emissions in addition to particle mass (PM). Furthermore, this study quantitatively evaluates the use of transient particle instruments for measuring particles from skip-fired operation in an optical single cylinder research engine (SCRE). Engine-out PN was measured using an engine exhaust particle sizer following a catalytic stripper, and PM was measured using a photoacoustic analyzer. The study improves on earlier preliminary emissions studies by clearly showing that DFI reduces overall PM by 76%–79% and PN for particles larger than 23 nm by 77% relative to conventional diesel combustion at a 1200-rpm, 13.3-bar gross indicated mean effective pressure operating condition. The degree of engine-out PM reduction with DFI was similar across both particulate measurement instruments used in the work. Through the use of bimodal distribution fitting, DFI was also shown to reduce the geometric mean diameter of accumulation mode particles by 26%, similar to the effects of increased injection pressure in conventional diesel combustion systems. This work clearly shows the significant solid particulate matter reductions enabled by DFI while also demonstrating that engine-out PN can be accurately measured from an optical SCRE operating in a skip-fired mode. Based on these results, it is believed that DFI has the potential to enable fuel savings when implemented in multi-cylinder engines, both by lowering the required frequency of active diesel particulate filter regeneration, and by reducing the backpressure imposed by exhaust filtration systems.
Teachers with so-called migration background and the question of recognition: Experiences of fragility and hidden pedagogical potentials
Authors: Mantel Carola
Published: April 2021

This paper presents a study that scrutinises if and how teachers with so-called migration background in Switzerland have pedagogical potential in dealing with migration-related diversity and – more precisely – with the recognition of their students. The notion of recognition refers to Honneth’s theoretical elaborations and their translations into the pedagogical context by Helsper and Lingkost. The study is pursued with a qualitative approach, with data collection by means of biographical-narrative interviews (Schütze), theoretical sampling (Glaser and Strauss) and a hermeneutical data analysis (Schütze, Rosenthal). The analysis reveals three ideal types that each show particular resources as well as particular restrictions in their attempts to realise recognition. The results are discussed in regard to the development potential they disclose. While the type-specific particularities each call for more professionalisation, the restrictions point to the fact that teachers with migration-related resources can only fully live their potential if they do not have to experience their belonging, acceptance and recognition as latently fragile.
Parental stress and adjustment in the context of rare genetic syndromes: A scoping review
Authors: Fitzgerald Jacqueline , Gallagher Louise
Published: April 2021

Chromosomal abnormalities are now considered a common cause of intellectual disability. With increased genetic testing, phenotyping and technological advancements, many new syndromes have been identified. This review sought to explore parental stress and adjustment in the context of rare genetic syndromes to evaluate their clinical impact. A systematic review of English peer-reviewed literature across three databases (PsycINFO, Medline, CINAHL) was completed and 69 articles were included. Parents of children with rare genetic syndromes experienced greater distress relative to other disabilities. Differences in parental wellbeing were syndrome-specific relative to ASD thus demonstrating the need to consider the contribution of syndrome-specific phenotypes. Child emotional and behavioural difficulties were the most consistent predictor of parental distress. Research reflecting other factors such as physical health, syndrome-specific behaviours, benefit finding and, parental appraisal in the context of a rare genetic aetiology is required in order to support parental adjustment in these conditions.
Evaluation of temporal changes in the sexual function among Japanese women using the female sexual function index: An Internet survey
Authors: Okumura Keiko , Takeda Hirokazu , Otani Toshikazu
Published: April 2021

Objectives:

Female sexual dysfunction is an underestimated problem that negatively affects women’s quality of life. Although the overall prevalence of sexual dysfunction in women is high, only a few studies have focused on this problem. In Japan, an index of female sexual function has not been clearly defined. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the sexual function of normal Japanese women and the temporal changes they experienced using the Female Sexual Function Index administered online in 2012 and 2019.

Methods:

The subjects were Japanese women aged 20–79 years registered in an Internet research company. We collected data of 1034 and 2031 women in 2012 and 2019, respectively, based on Japan’s population distribution according to age. Subsequently, we analyzed the collected data using a Japanese version of the Female Sexual Function Index. We investigated the temporal changes in the Female Sexual Function Index total score, the ratio of women who did not engage in sexual activities and women having “no sexual activity” with their partners, and the total Female Sexual Function Index scores according to age.

Results:

The average Female Sexual Function Index total score decreased from 14.6 in 2012 to 12.5 in 2019 ( p < 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the average Female Sexual Function Index score of the group with sexual activity between 2012 (22.2) and 2019 (22.4). The ratio of women not engaging in sexual activities increased from 42.2% in 2012 to 54.0% in 2019. The ratio of women having “no sexual activity” with their partners increased by 10%.

Conclusion:

Comparison of data between 2012 and 2019 indicated that Japanese women have become less sexually active. The average Female Sexual Function Index total score of 22 may be useful as a reference value for diagnosing female sexual dysfunction in Japan.
Cytokine profiles and Lactobacillus species presence in pre-menopausal subjects with genital Mycoplasma genitalium or Ureaplasma urealyticum colonization
Authors: Garza John , Gandhi Kushal , Choi Sarah , Sanchez Asley , Ventolini Gary
Published: April 2021

Background and Purpose:

Lactobacilli play a vital role in protecting the vagina against pathogens. Cytokines are vital components of defense against infections in women. The genital mycoplasmas, Mycoplasma genitalium and Ureaplasma urealyticum, are associated with various infectious diseases in adults and infants. The objective of our study is to identify differences in cytokine profile and Lactobacillus species dominance between a study group of non-pregnant pre-menopausal women with genital M. genitalium or U. urealyticum colonization and a control group of non-pregnant pre-menopausal women without genital M. genitalium or U. urealyticum colonization.

Methods:

A real-time polymerase chain reaction was performed to measure Lactobacillus species in vaginal swab samples. Cytokine analysis was performed using multiplex immunoassay techniques. Analysis of variance confirmed a significant difference in cytokine profiles between patient groups, with t-tests identifying the most significantly different cytokines. Categorical data analysis identified significant patterns of relative Lactobacillus species dominance in the study group.

Results:

Lactobacillus iners was the predominant Lactobacillus species in the control group ( p = 0.005). There were no dominant Lactobacillus species observed in the study group. Vascular endothelial growth factor A ( p = 0.002), interleukin-8 ( p = 0.001), and interleukin-1β ( p = 0.049) were expressed significantly higher in the study group, whereas interleukin-1 receptor antagonist ( p < 0.001), interleukin-10 ( p = 0.001), interleukin-12 ( p = 0.002), and interferon-γ ( p = 0.022) were expressed higher in the control group. Association matrices for cytokines were significantly different between two groups ( p < 0.001), with mostly negative associations in the control group and mostly positive associations in the study group.

Conclusion:

Cytokine levels, their associations, and the patterns of Lactobacillus species dominance are observed to significantly diverge on the basis of M. genitalium and U. urealyticum colonization among non-pregnant pre-menopausal women.
A new risk assessment method based on belief rule base and fault tree analysis
Authors: Zhu Hai-Long , Liu Shan-Shan , Qu Yuan-Yuan , Han Xiao-Xia , He Wei , Cao You
Published: April 2021

Risk assessment methods are often used in complex industrial systems to avoid risks and reduce losses. The existing methods have not effectively solved the problems of lack of evaluation data and the interpretability of the entire evaluation process. This paper proposes a new risk assessment model based on the belief rule base (BRB) and Fault Tree Analysis (FTA). The FTA algorithm overcomes the difficulties of traditional BRB model in obtaining expert knowledge, clear indicators, and establishing logical relationships. This method establishes FTA rules based on the BRB model and expands the knowledge base through the FTA algorithm. A Bayesian network is applied as a conversion bridge between the FTA and BRB model. In addition, the model is optimized to reduce the uncertainty in the model. The method proposed is described by a case and its effectiveness is verified.
Rapid development of a ventilator for use during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinical, human factor & engineering considerations
Authors: Wittenberg M , Fabes J , Strange D , Griffin M , Lock D , Spiro M
Published: April 2021

The arrival of the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020 threatened to overwhelm the NH ability to provide sufficient critical care support to patients in the UK. In response to a rapid rise in cases in March 2020, the UK Government issued a call to industry to rapidly design and develop additional ventilators to expand the UK’s capacity for mechanical ventilation. Three NHS consultants working in conjunction with TTP Plc (The Technology Partnership), were at the forefront, evolving the Government brief and developing a safe and effective ventilator, the CoVent™, in less than 5 weeks. The project demonstrates the ability of physicians to guide industry and pool knowledge and resources to rapidly develop and evolve technology in the face of a national emergency. This article discusses key aspects of the design process, highlights the unique human factors and engineering aspects of undertaking this amidst the coronavirus pandemic. Overall we demonstrated that when industry, healthcare and regulatory bodies collaborate and communicate efficiently, huge progress can be made in a fraction of the usual timescales.
The Next Normal for Marketing — The Dynamics of a Pandemic, Provisioning Systems, and the Changing Patterns of Daily Life
Authors: Layton Roger A. , Domegan Christine
Published: April 2021

Pandemics, climate warming, growing inequality, and much more bring crises that change the patterns of daily life in human communities, directly impacting the provisioning systems that form in a community to meet the needs and wants of individuals, groups, and entities for goods, services, experiences, ideas. Provisioning systems sometimes begin as leadership initiated top-down, authoritarian prescriptive supply networks, public and private. Sometimes, they originate as bottom-up, self-organized, innovative, open choice, often informal, exchange based networks, and mostly, over time, they emerge as untidy self-organized multi-level diverse assemblages of both. The diversity of provisioning systems in a community enables crisis resilience, but limits efficiency and control. The provisioning systems that form in these ways are complex, multi-level, non-linear evolutionary systems, often unpredictable, and lacking direction. Balancing a desire for stability and an appetite for diversity, innovation, and change in shaping a provisioning system is like walking a narrow corridor on the edge of chaos. Achieving balance, avoiding slipping into chaos, rests on the management of a set of complex social mechanisms. These embrace delivery mechanisms where value is produced and consumed through complex infrastructures; stakeholder action fields where trust, collaboration, cooperation, compromise, competition, or conflict are in play; technology evolution mechanisms where innovation and the recombination of existing technologies occur at all levels; and value exchange fields where community and individual values shift in response to crisis and change. Recovery from crisis is not an event, it is a complex, continuing process, often unpredictable, often unequal in outcomes, but walking a narrow corridor is episodic, uncertain and in the end possible. This is the next normal for marketing.
Childhood intussusception: Correlation between ultrasound reports and intra-operative findings
Authors: Chukwubuike Kevin Emeka
Published: April 2021

Background:

Intussusception, a common cause of intestinal obstruction in children, is usually diagnosed through ultrasound scan. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between the ultrasound report and intra-operating findings in children who had laparotomy for intussusception.

Materials and methods:

This was a retrospective study of children aged 12 months and below who had laparotomy for intussusception between January 2017–December 2019 at the pediatric surgery unit of Enugu State University Teaching Hospital Enugu, Nigeria. Findings at ultrasound and findings at surgery were statistically compared.

Results:

A total of 103 cases of intussusceptions were seen during the study period. Out of this number, 69 patients were treated by laparotomy and formed the basis of this report. There was male predominance and the median age of the patients was 8 months. Abdominal pain was the most common presenting symptom. At presentation, about one-quarter of the patients were anemic while one-half of the patients had electrolyte derangement. Comparing the findings at ultrasound and findings at surgery, ultrasound was found to have an accuracy of 89.9%. Approximately, equal number of patients had manual reduction and bowel resection. Surgical site infection was the most common post-operative complication and mortality occurred in 8 (11.6%) patients.

Conclusion:

Ultrasound has high accuracy rate and is quite reliable for the diagnosis of intussusception.
Experimental and numerical investigation on destructive effect of gas pipeline buried in silty clay under surface explosion
Authors: Tang Qichen , Jiang Nan , Yao Yingkang , Zhou Chuanbo , Wu Tingyao
Published: April 2021

Identifying the damage effects of buried multiple-operating-pressure gas pipelines subjected to various magnitude blasting load is a prerequisite for pipeline safety assessment. In this study, the dynamic response and damage effect are assessed by a combination of both field experiments and numerical simulation. It is indicated that the error between the numerical calculation and the field measured data is small and the reliability of the model is high. The dangerous section of the whole pipeline lies directly below the explosion source. The peak particle velocity (PPV) and the peak particle effective stress (PES) on the explosion-prone side of the section are the largest. Moreover, the PPV and PES increase with the increase of the working pressure of the pipeline. Results show that the empty pipe with no working pressure is the safest state among various pipe working state. There is a certain functional relationship among the explosive charge on the ground surface, working pressure, and PES of the pipeline.