bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementasi Trainer PLTS sebagai Media Pembelajaran di SD Muhammadiyah 4 Surabaya
Authors: Robandi Imam , Guntur Harus Laksana , Wirjodirdjo Budisantoso , Djalal Muhammad Ruswandi , Prakasa Mohamad Almas , Ramadhani Akhmad , Imam Muhammad Taufik , Dian Faizal , Al Irsad Muhammad Afif , Muchyiddin Muhammad Imam , Imron Khafit , Natha Kanidra , Kurniawan Muhammad , Aulia Dzacky , Himawari Waseda , Haque Gabriel
Published: December 2024

Sistem Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Surya (PLTS) berbasis fotovoltaik merupakan teknologi yang paling mudah diimplementasikan oleh berbagai kalangan. PLTS memiliki berbagai aplikasi di sektor-sektor seperti perumahan, industri, dan lingkungan akademik. Lingkungan akademik dianggap sebagai tempat yang ideal untuk eksperimen test-bed karena banyaknya akademisi yang memiliki semangat dan kemampuan yang tinggi. Oleh karena itu, pengenalan Energi Baru Terbarukan (EBT) perlu diperkuat di tingkat pendidikan dasar, khususnya di Sekolah Dasar (SD). Tujuannya adalah untuk mempersiapkan sumber daya manusia yang mulai tertarik dalam pengembangan teknologi EBT sejak dini. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, diusulkan program Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat (PKM) yang menerapkan trainer PLTS sebagai media pembelajaran di SD Muhammadiyah 4 (Mudipat) Surabaya. Tujuan dari pengabdian ini adalah mendukung proses pengembangan dan pembelajaran bagi siswa dan tenaga pendidik, serta mensosialisasikan pentingnya EBT kepada masyarakat. Trainer PLTS ini merupakan replika sistem PLTS stand-alone dalam skala laboratorium yang cukup untuk keperluan pembelajaran. Trainer ini terdiri dari tiga modul, yaitu modul kontrol utama, modul solar panel, dan modul lampu halogen. Metode pelaksanaan kegiatan mencakup sosialisasi dan implementasi trainer PLTS. Hasil dari pelaksanaan program ini menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman dan keterampilan siswa serta guru terkait pemanfaatan teknologi EBT melalui trainer PLTS.
Pelatihan Pembuatan dan Pemberian Probiotik dan Single Cell Protein pada Sapi Perah di Komunitas Peternak Junrejo, Kota Batu
Authors: Amin Muhammad Hilman Fu'adil , Wibowo Anjar Tri , Supriyanto Agus , Pratiwi Intan Ayu , Wahyuningsih Sri Puji Astuti , Pramudya Manikya , Wahyuni Dwi Kusuma , Junairiah Junairiah , Dewi Firli Rahmah Primula , Geraldi Almando
Published: December 2024

Komunitas peternak sapi perah di Junrejo, Batu menghadapi tantangan dalam meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas susu akibat rendahnya kesehatan ternak dan keterbatasan akses terhadap teknologi pakan yang efisien. Program pengabdian masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pemahaman dan keterampilan peternak dalam memanfaatkan probiotik dan Single Cell Protein (SCP) sebagai pakan tambahan, yang diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kualitas kesehatan dan produktivitas ternak. Program ini menggunakan pendekatan partisipatif yang melibatkan pelatihan langsung dan sesi diskusi untuk memastikan penerapan yang efektif dan berkelanjutan. Probiotik dan SCP berperan dalam memperbaiki mikrobiota usus ternak, meningkatkan efisiensi pencernaan, dan memberikan sumber protein berkualitas tinggi. Hasil pelatihan menunjukkan bahwa setelah mengikuti kegiatan ini, seluruh peserta (100%) memahami dasar-dasar probiotik dan SCP, serta mampu menerapkannya secara mandiri di peternakan mereka. Di samping itu, penggunaan molase sebagai media perbanyakan probiotik mendukung prinsip ekonomi sirkuler, mengurangi limbah produksi gula, dan menciptakan solusi pakan yang ramah lingkungan. Program ini berhasil meningkatkan kapasitas komunitas peternak lokal, sehingga dapat berkontribusi terhadap kesejahteraan ekonomi mereka melalui peningkatan hasil susu dan biaya operasional yang lebih efisien.
Making the difference
Authors: Watwood Jacob
Published: December 2024

Jacob Watwood discusses the links between periodontitis and increased stroke risk.
Pilot Study on the Usefulness of Quantitative Light-Induced Fluorescence-Digital for Dental Plaque Assessment in a Rat Model of Periodontitis
Authors: Kim Ae Ri , Bak Eun-Jung , Kim Min-Seo , Yoo Yun-Jung , Kim Ji-Hye
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study quantifies dental plaque in an animal periodontitis model using quantitative light-induced fluorescence-digital (QLF-D), providing fundamental data for establishing diagnostic criteria for periodontitis. Methods: Periodontitis was induced by ligating the mandibular first molars of Sprague–Dawley rats. After 18 days, QLF-D images showing the plaque on the ligatures were obtained intraorally before sacrifice and extraorally after sacrifice. The red and blue fluorescence values were measured using software, and the average red/blue (R/B) ratio was calculated for each image. Alveolar bone loss was evaluated histologically. Results: Ligation of the first molars resulted in an increase in the periodontal ligament area compared to that of the control group, demonstrating alveolar bone resorption. The extraoral lingual-side images obtained after sacrifice were reproducible and provided clear assessment criteria. The R/B ratio of the plaque accumulated on the ligatures was 1.9±0.3. Conclusions: Plaque formation, which is difficult to assess by visual inspection alone, can be evaluated using QLF-D. The animal model of periodontitis used in this study can be used to obtain preclinical data to develop future preventive and therapeutic strategies for periodontal diseases.
Evaluation of Problem-solving Ability and Dental Hygiene Competency in Team-based Learning for Clinical Dental Hygiene
Authors: Lee Hyo-Jin , Shin Bo-Mi , Bae Soo-Myoung
Published: December 2024

Objective: This study aimed to design a structured team-based learning (TBL) program in clinical dental hygiene and evaluate its impact on students’ problem-solving abilities and clinical dental hygiene competencies. Methods: The study included 33 fourth-year dental hygiene students. A structured TBL program was developed, incorporating team formation case-based learning across three topics. Representative cases involving children, adults, and the elderly were selected to provide diverse learning opportunities. The four sub-competencies and problem-solving abilities were assessed before and after TBL intervention. Statistical analyses included the Shapiro-Wilk test, paired t-test, Wilcoxon signed-rank test, and Pearson correlation analysis. Results: Students’ problem-solving abilities improved significantly from a total score of 116.80±11.96 for 32 items to 122.23±12.80 (p=0.002). Dental hygiene competencies also improved significantly after TBL (p<0.001). The results of the correlation analysis between problem-solving ability and the level of dental hygiene competency after TBL showed that all items except the personal control subscale had a positive correlation with the four dental hygiene subcompetencies (p<0.05). Conclusions: Structured TBL significantly improved both clinical dental hygiene competencies and problem-solving abilities. These findings suggest that TBL is an effective educational strategy for enhancing dental hygiene students’ skills in clinical practice.
Women’s contributions to music education and artistic life in Albania (1900-1950)
Authors: Lici Eliona
Published: December 2024

Women music educators in Albania are the most important part of development of music education at different levels of education. The purpose of this study is to shed light on women music educators from 1900-1950, which have been active in public and private schools, churches, and community organizations. This study is the first that analysed the women’s contributions to music education in Albanian in the year 1900-1950 in the different public and private schools. The aim is to highlight the fundamental contribution of women music educators in a new generation of education and artistic life. It is also important to study this research because it provides historical insights about educational institutions that became cultural hallmarks over time. The article assumes the illustration of women music educators in Albania, the contribution for the development of instrumental-vocal pedagogy-music education and cultural life during the early 20th century, overcoming significant obstacles to pave the way for future generations and leaving a lasting legacy in the field. This research deals with the historical lack of interest of women in Albanian music education and artistic life between 1900-1950. Although women in the performing arts and in educational roles played an important part in this period. The path opened by these artists up for all girls and women to follow the path of teaching and art in Albania in a difficult historical, economic, social and cultural period. The research employs a qualitative (descriptive) methodology that encompasses the use of archival document analysis along with previous scholarship to develop a broad knowledge of the role of women in Albanian music education. The research is based on national programs and documents from the Central State Archive Primary sources are national programs, documents from Central State Archive, personal archive of artists especially of Jorgjia Truja. The results indicate that women educators played an essential role as pillars in the foundations of music education, but also of artistic life in Albania. People like Jorgjia Truja and Maria Kraja were very important in this: people who taught choral and instrumental work, and in a way invented vocal pedagogy. These women overcame significant societal and institutional barriers to create pathways for musical education and left a legacy that resonated long after their passings. Through this study, the contribution illuminate the struggles that brought them to the fore in the long struggle for full recognition of women educators in music. For future studies, it would be nice to go into further details about the contributions of women in Albanian music education and perform this study in other Balkan countries as well. Curricula should also reflect socio- cultural influences as perceived by women educators, fostering gender-sensitive pedagogical practices and mentorship schemes to inspire future generations of female musicians and educators.
O (NÃO) LUGAR DA EDUCAÇÃO PARA AS RELAÇÕES ÉTNICO-RACIAIS NOS PPCs DOS CURSOS DE PEDAGOGIA DAS IFEs DE GOIÁS
Authors: Jardim da Conceicao Ludmila , Alves Maria Zenaide , Bueno da Cunha Eliete Maria
Published: December 2024

O presente artigo toma como temática as relações étnico-raciais nos cursos de Pedagogia das Instituições Federais de Ensino Superior do estado de Goiás (UFG, UFJ, UFCAT, IFG e IF goiano), para analisar, em seus Projetos Político Pedagógicos (PPC’s), qual o lugar (ou não) da temática, como forma de cumprir a Lei 11645/2008 e as determinações da Resolução CNE/CP n.01/2004 e da Resolução n. 02/2015. A metodologia utilizada foi a análise documental, realizada nos PPC’s dos Cursos de Pedagogia, acessados online na página de cada Universidade. A leitura dos documentos possibilitou constatar que, mesmo quando há a previsão da discussão sobre a temática, estabelecidas em componentes dos PPC’s, nem sempre a discussão é privilegiada com bibliografia ou compõe o quadro de disciplinas obrigatórias que trata sobre a temática diretamente. No geral, é no quadro de optativas que encontramos algumas poucas disciplinas que a abordam de forma mais específica a questão das relações étnico-raciais, o que evidencia uma lacuna no que tange a formação de professoras e professores do ensino básico.
NEGRITUDE NA UNIVERSIDADE: ENTRE TRANSGRESSÕES E AFETOS
Authors: Chagas Maria Fernanda , Pereira Vanzela Gabriela , Lopes de Freitas Ryan , Rodrigues de Sousa Chaveiro Maylla Monnik
Published: December 2024

O presente estudo relata as experiências de transgressão no ensino, obtidas através da criação do: 1) Projeto de Extensão da Liga de Relações Étnico-Raciais - Sankofa (LARER); e 2) Projeto de Pesquisa Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa em Relações Étnico-Raciais em Psicologia (NEGREPSI), em uma universidade federal em Minas Gerais. Essa pesquisa objetiva refletir como a implementação de uma prática educacional crítica pode promover a inclusão e a liberdade aos grupos subalternizados no ensino eurocêntrico, reprodutor de práticas racistas, sexistas e excludentes. Metodologicamente, trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa e exploratória, realizada através da observação participante e revisão de literatura, sendo fundamentada no livro “Ensinando a transgredir: a educação como prática da liberdade” (1994) de bell hooks. Observou-se, neste espaço, a prevalência das relações colaborativas, marcadas pelo forte conteúdo afetivo, mostrando o amor pelo povo negro, em sua pluralidade, como um importante fundamento ético-político da Liga Sankofa e do NEGREPSI.
Correlations Between Urban Green Areas and Euglossine Males’ Abundance
Authors: Alves Sônia Guimarães , Silva Lazaro Carneiro da , Frantine-Silva Wilson , Gaglianone Maria Cristina
Published: December 2024

Green areas are important environments in the urban landscape where many bee species can find essential resources, such as nectar, pollen, and nesting sites. However, few studies have evaluated the effects of urban green areas attributes on bee assemblages, mainly in the bees showing high forest dependence as Euglossini bees. These orchid bees are important pollinators in the Neotropical urban ecosystems, and the forest loss associated with urbanization can negatively affect euglossine communities. Here, we evaluated the role of urban green areas (UGAs) on euglossine assemblages and the abundance of dominant euglossine species. For this, we quantified different local and landscape attributes in twelve UGAs in Campos dos Goytacazes city, southeast Brazil. We expected a higher euglossine abundance in UGAs with a higher number of trees, diameter at breast height- DBH, and flower cover (%), and with a lower paved area (%), number of high buildings, and surrounding paving area (%). The euglossine males were sampled with three bait traps in each UGA. We sampled 2465 euglossine bees of four species. Eulaema nigrita Lepeletier, 1841 was the most abundant species (N = 1319; 53.5%), followed by Euglossa cordata (Linnaeus, 1758) (N = 1139; 46.2%). We found a positive effect of flower cover (%) on the abundance of these dominant euglossine species, highlighting the importance of floral resources in urban matrices, even for synanthropic species.
MXene-coated quartz tuning fork for sensitive light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy
Authors: Chen Xiang , Qu Ruiyang , Liu Hao , Yao Lu , Xu Zhenyu , Hu Mai , Wang Wei , Kan Ruifeng
Published: December 2024

This paper demonstrates a customized quartz tuning fork (QTF) coated with the titanium carbide (Ti3C2Tx) MXene film that can effectively enhance the sensitivity of light-induced thermoelastic spectroscopy (LITES). The MXene film is coated at the root of the customized QTF. The film area is proven to have little impact on resonance frequency, bandwidth, quality factor, and amplitude of the second harmonic signal (2f) based on the fundamental flexural mode. With an optimum film thickness of 1.9 µm, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the light-induced thermoelastic signal is enhanced up to 8.7 times. A similar enhancement of 2f signals was observed at the overtone frequency. Despite the higher quality factor, the SNR of the 2f signal inspired at the overtone frequency is much lower than that of the 2f signal inspired at the fundamental frequency. Moreover, similar experimental results are observed on the commercial QTF coated with MXene film. The absorption coefficient from 1260 nm to 1680 nm of the MXene film is measured to be larger than 92%. Hence, the MXene film enables a promising application prospect for the LITES system in multiple gas measurements.
High efficiency and large angle polarization independent beam deflection metagrating by Bayesian optimization
Authors: Ye Taikang , Wu Dan , Wang Kai
Published: December 2024

Directional emission sources are required in wide application scenarios such as 3D displays and optical communication. The integration of beam deflection metasurfaces on emission devices can construct a compact directional emission source. However, most reported metasurfaces and metagratings focus on the deflection of linear polarized light with relatively small angles(< 30 degrees), which limits their further application for unpolarized light sources. In this work, a nanorod-based two-dimensional metagrating is proposed for a polarization independent incident beam with a large deflection angle ranging from 30 degrees to 75 degrees, and a maximum beam deflection efficiency of 90.1%. An efficient global optimization method based on Bayesian optimization is developed for the design of metagrating and demonstrates a faster converge speed and a better beam deflection performance compared with traditional particle swarm optimization. The proposed metagrating and optimization method also provides useful guidance for the design of polarization independent functional meta-devices.
Fitness landscapes of human microsatellites
Authors: Haasl Ryan J. , Payseur Bret A.
Published: December 2024

Advances in DNA sequencing technology and computation now enable genome-wide scans for natural selection to be conducted on unprecedented scales. By examining patterns of sequence variation among individuals, biologists are identifying genes and variants that affect fitness. Despite this progress, most population genetic methods for characterizing selection assume that variants mutate in a simple manner and at a low rate. Because these assumptions are violated by repetitive sequences, selection remains uncharacterized for an appreciable percentage of the genome. To meet this challenge, we focus on microsatellites, repetitive variants that mutate orders of magnitude faster than single nucleotide variants, can harbor substantial variation, and are known to influence biological function in some cases. We introduce four general models of natural selection that are each characterized by just two parameters, are easily simulated, and are specifically designed for microsatellites. Using a random forests approach to approximate Bayesian computation, we fit these models to carefully chosen microsatellites genotyped in 200 humans from a diverse collection of eight populations. Altogether, we reconstruct detailed fitness landscapes for 43 microsatellites we classify as targets of selection. Microsatellite fitness surfaces are diverse, including a range of selection strengths, contributions from dominance, and variation in the number and size of optimal alleles. Microsatellites that are subject to selection include loci known to cause trinucleotide expansion disorders and modulate gene expression, as well as intergenic loci with no obvious function. The heterogeneity in fitness landscapes we report suggests that genome-scale analyses like those used to assess selection targeting single nucleotide variants run the risk of oversimplifying the evolutionary dynamics of microsatellites. Moreover, our fitness landscapes provide a valuable visualization of the selective dynamics navigated by microsatellites.
Costs of home-delivered antiretroviral therapy refills for persons living with HIV: Evidence from a pilot randomized controlled trial in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
Authors: Tseng Ashley S. , Barnabas Ruanne V. , van Heerden Alastair , Ntinga Xolani , Sahu Maitreyi
Published: December 2024

Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is needed across the lifetime to maintain viral suppression for people living with HIV. In South Africa, obstacles to reliable access to ART persist and are magnified in rural areas, where HIV services are also typically costlier to deliver. A recent pilot randomized study (the Deliver Health Study) found that home-delivered ART refills, provided at a low user fee, effectively overcame logistical barriers to access and improved clinical outcomes in rural South Africa. In the present costing study using the provider perspective, we conducted retrospective activity-based micro-costing of home-delivered ART within the Deliver Health Study and when provided at-scale (in a rural setting), and compared to facility-based costs using provincial expenditure data (covering both rural and urban settings). Within the context of the pilot Deliver Health Study which had an average of three deliveries per day for three days a week, home-delivered ART cost (in 2022 USD) $794 in the first year and $714 for subsequent years per client after subtracting client fees, compared with $167 per client in provincial clinic-based care. We estimated that home-delivered ART can reasonably be scaled up to 12 home deliveries per day for five days per week in the rural setting. When delivered at-scale, home-delivered ART cost $267 in the first year and $183 for subsequent years per client. Average costs of home delivery further decreased when increasing the duration of refills from three-months to six- and 12-month scripts (from $183 to $177 and $135 per client, respectively). Personnel costs were the largest cost for home-delivered refills while ART drug costs were the largest cost of clinic-based refills. When provided at-scale, home-delivered ART in a rural setting not only offers clinical benefits for a hard-to-reach population but is also comparable in cost to the provincial standard of care.
Prevalence and associated factors of MAFLD in adults with type 2 diabetes
Authors: He Yifei , Xiao Feng , Yi Bin , Lu Jin
Published: December 2024

To estimate the prevalence and associated factors of hepatic steatosis and fibrosis in adults with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) in the United States.Data were retrieved from the 2017‒March 2020 prepandemic cycle of the National Health and Nutritional Examination and Survey (NHANES). The study population included patients with T2DM. The controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) and liver stiffness measurement (LSM) were used to assess hepatic steatosis and fibrosis, respectively. A total of 1,290 T2DM patients were included, 85.2% (1044 patients) of whom presented with hepatic steatosis (CAP>248 dB/m). Among the 1044 T2DM patients with metabolically associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), 29.5% developed hepatic fibrosis (LSM>8 kPa). Non-Hispanic black individuals (adjusted OR = 0.4008), BMI (adjusted OR = 1.1627), HbA1c (adjusted OR = 1.1450), TG (adjusted OR = 1.2347), HDL (adjusted OR = 0.4981), ALT (adjusted OR = 1.0227), AST (adjusted OR = 0.9396), and albumin (adjusted OR = 1.7030) were independently associated with steatosis. Age (adjusted OR = 1.0300), female sex (adjusted OR = 0.6655), BMI (adjusted OR = 1.1324), AST (adjusted OR = 1.0483), and GGT (adjusted OR = 1.0101) were independently associated with fibrosis. Heart failure was an independent factor associated with advanced fibrosis (adjusted OR = 1.9129) and cirrhosis (adjusted OR = 2.228). In the United States, hepatic steatosis is highly prevalent among T2DM patients, with 29.5% of these patients developing hepatic fibrosis. Some components of metabolic syndrome are related to hepatic steatosis and fibrosis. Moreover, heart failure is an independent factor associated with advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis.
Protocol for a single-blind randomized controlled clinical trial to investigate the feasibility and safety of in-bed self-exercises based on electromyography sensor feedback in patients with subacute stroke
Authors: Kim Jung Hyun , Oh Byung-Mo , Seo Han Gil , Hyun Sung Eun , Han Jong tae , Kang Dae hee , Lee Woo Hyung
Published: December 2024

Background

The dosage and intensity of physical therapy are crucial factors influencing the motor recovery of the hemiplegic lower limb in patients with subacute stroke. Biofeedback using wearable sensors may provide opportunities for patients with stroke to effectively guide self-exercises with monitoring of muscular activities in hemiplegic lower limbs. This study aims to explore the feasibility and safety of in-bed self-exercises based on electromyography sensor feedback in patients with subacute stroke.

Methods

This is a pilot randomized controlled trial comparing conventional physical therapy with additional in-bed self-exercises based on electromyography sensor feedback and conventional physical therapy alone. The interventions will be adjusted according to the muscle strength and Brunnstrom recovery stage in the hemiplegic lower limbs. The primary outcome measure is the Pittsburgh Rehabilitation Participation Scale. The secondary outcome measures include the number and percentage of participating sessions, number and percentage of effortful sessions, number and percentage of successful sessions, mean amplitude of muscle contractions in a session, duration and percentage of participating sessions during self-exercises, Rivermead Motor Assessment, Manual Muscle Test, Brunnstrom recovery stage, Fugl–Meyer assessment, Berg Balance Scale, Functional Ambulation Category, modified Rankin scale, and Short-Form Health Survey 36 version 2.

Results

The results will be described in future studies.

Conclusion

This clinical trial will estimate the feasibility and safety of in-bed self-exercises based on electromyography sensor feedback in patients with subacute stroke. If the expected results are achieved in this study, stroke rehabilitation methods will be enriched.

Trial registration

clinicialtrials.gov, NCT05820815.
Impact of fitness coach behavior on exercise motivation, commitment, and enjoyment: A longitudinal study
Authors: Braga-Pereira Ricardo , Furtado Guilherme Eustáquio , Campos Francisco , Sampaio António Rodrigues , Teques Pedro
Published: December 2024

Fitness coaches seem to play an essential role in the field of exercise as they help prevent sedentary lifestyles and promote overall health, quality of life, and well-being. This study aimed to explore the effects of fitness coaches’ behavior perceptions, intrinsic motivation, and enjoyment of exercisers on their long-term fitness and health, as well as their commitment to exercise. A total of 202 individuals participated in the study that was developed over three data gathering occasions (baseline, three months and six months). To this end, three psychometric scales were used as part of a multi-section survey: FCBS-Fit (perception of the fitness coach’s behavior), IMIp (intrinsic motivation of exercisers), and PACES (enjoyment in exercise), along with the assessment of four health/fitness variables: anthropometry (i.e., waist-hip ratio), strength (i.e., handgrip strength), flexibility (i.e., sit-and-reach), and cardiorespiratory fitness (i.e., VO2máx.). Overall, the results suggested that the perception of the fitness coach’s behavior, the exerciser’s intrinsic motivation, and enjoyment were predictors of the health/fitness outcomes, and seemed to be related to the exercise commitment at the end of three and six months. The novelty of this study is the examination of psychological and physiological factors in an integrated and longitudinal manner within the scope of exercise in fitness and health clubs. Therefore, these findings shed light on fitness coaches as an important element in the propagation and maintenance of exercise habits, accomplishment of tangible outcomes by exercisers, health promotion and the fitness sector’s growth.
Arithmetic optimization based MPPT for photovoltaic systems operating under nonuniform situations
Authors: Adaikkappan Maheshwari , Sathiyamoorthy Nageswari , Ravichandran Durga Devi , Balasubramani Karthikeyan , Karuppannan Sundararaju , Palanisamy Ramasamy , Elbarbary Zakaria M. S. , Al-Gahtani Saad F. , Omar Ahmed I.
Published: December 2024

Photovoltaic (PV) modules may encounter nonuniform situations that reduce their useable power volume, causing ineffective maximum power point tracking (MPPT). Moreover, due to the incorporation of bypass diodes, power-voltage (P-V) graph has multi-peaks when each component of the module receives different solar irradiation. This paper proposes a solution to this problem using an arithmetic optimization algorithm (AOA) for MPPT in PV systems operating in nonuniform situations. The non-operational regions associated with the voltage are excluded using a single-ended primary inductance converter (SEPIC) with voltage step-up and step-down capability. The AOA-MPPT algorithm gets current and voltage as inputs from the PV modules. It computes the converter’s duty cycle and regulates the operational point to keep MPP under all working conditions. The proposed AOA-MPPT’s efficacy under different insolation patterns has been validated using three nonuniform conditions in terms of convergence, tracking speed, steady state oscillations, and tracking efficiency. In simulations, the proposed AOA-MPPT method and SEPIC converter demonstrated quick response and excellent steady-state performance. The tracking efficiency of the AOA-MPPT is above 99% and settling time is 200 to 300ms for all three non-uniform conditions.
Gut bacterial communities in roadkill animals: A pioneering study of two species in the Amazon region in Ecuador
Authors: Coba-Males Manuel Alejandro , Díaz Magdalena , Molina C. Alfonso , Medrano-Vizcaíno Pablo , Brito-Zapata David , Martin-Solano Sarah , Ocaña-Mayorga Sofía , Carrillo-Bilbao Gabriel Alberto , Narváez Wilmer , Arrivillaga-Henríquez Jazzmín , González-Suárez Manuela , Enríquez Sandra , Poveda Ana
Published: December 2024

Studying the microbial communities within the gastrointestinal tract of vertebrate species can provide insights into biodiversity, disease ecology, and conservation. Currently, we have very limited understanding of the composition of endogenous microbiota in wildlife, particularly in high biodiversity tropical areas. Knowledge is limited by the logistical and ethical challenges of obtaining samples for free-living animals. Roadkill carcasses offer a largely untapped source for biological material, including endogenous gut microbiota. These animals that have died on roads due to collisions with vehicles are suitable for accessible, opportunistic sampling. Here, we used metabarcoding for the V3—V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene in gut samples of nine roadkill samples collected from a road in Ecuador representing two vertebrate species: the speckled worm lizard (Amphisbaena bassleri) and the smooth-billed ani (Crotophaga ani). We successfully identify microbial phyla in both samples including Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, and Proteobacteria for A. bassleri, and Firmicutes and Actinobacteria for C. ani. Our study provides the first description of the gut microbiota for these two vertebrates, and demonstrates the feasibility of studying endogenous microbial communities from roadkill material that can be opportunistically collected and preserved in biobanks.
The public mental representations of deepfake technology: An in-depth qualitative exploration through Quora text data analysis
Authors: Caci Barbara , Giordano Giulia , Alesi Marianna , Gentile Ambra , Agnello Chiara , Lo Presti Liliana , La Cascia Marco , Ingoglia Sonia , Inguglia Cristiano , Volpes Alice , Monzani Dario
Published: December 2024

The advent of deepfake technology has raised significant concerns regarding its impact on individuals’ cognitive processes and beliefs, considering the pervasive relationships between technology and human cognition. This study delves into the psychological literature surrounding deepfakes, focusing on people’s public representation of this emerging technology and highlighting prevailing themes, opinions, and emotions. Under the media framing, the theoretical framework is crucial in shaping individuals’ cognitive schemas regarding technology. A qualitative method has been applied to unveil patterns, correlations, and recurring themes of beliefs about the main topic, deepfake, discussed on the forum Quora. The final extracted text corpus consisted of 166 answers to 17 questions. Analysis results highlighted the 20 most prevalent critical lemmas, and deepfake was the main one. Moreover, co-occurrence analysis identified words frequently appearing with the lemma deepfake, including video, create, and artificial intelligence—finally, thematic analysis identified eight main themes within the deepfake corpus. Cognitive processes rely on critical thinking skills in detecting anomalies in fake videos or discerning between the negative and positive impacts of deepfakes from an ethical point of view. Moreover, people adapt their beliefs and mental schemas concerning the representation of technology. Future studies should explore the role of media literacy in helping individuals to identify deepfake content since people may not be familiar with the concept of deepfakes or may not fully understand the negative or positive implications. Increased awareness and understanding of technology can empower individuals to evaluate critically the media related to Artificial Intelligence.
Risk factors and predictive model construction for lower extremity arterial disease in diabetic patients
Authors: Kuang Yingjie , Cheng Zhixin , Zhang Jun , Yang Chunxu , Zhang Yue
Published: December 2024

Objective

To understand the prevalence and associated risk factors of lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) in Chinese diabetic patients and to construct a risk prediction model.

Methods

Data from the Diabetes Complications Warning Dataset of the China National Population Health Science Data Center were used. Logistic regression analysis was employed to identify related factors, and machine learning algorithms were used to construct the risk prediction model.

Results

The study population consisted of 3,000 patients, with 476 (15.9%) having LEAD. Multivariate regression analysis indicated that male gender, atherosclerosis, carotid artery stenosis, fatty liver, hematologic diseases, endocrine disorders, and elevated glycosylated serum proteins were independent risk factors for LEAD. The risk prediction models constructed using Logistic regression and MLP algorithms achieved moderate discrimination performance, with AUCs of 0.73 and 0.72, respectively.

Conclusion

Our study identified the risk factors for LEAD in Chinese diabetic patients, and the constructed risk prediction model can aid in the diagnosis of LEAD.
BUILDing SCHOLARS: A program exemplar at a Hispanic serving institution to develop biomedical researchers
Authors: Aguilera Rafael , Corral Guadalupe , Monarrez Angelica , Wagler Amy E. , Echegoyen Lourdes E.
Published: December 2024

The student development initiatives of the BUILDing SCHOLARS Center at The University of Texas at El Paso comprise a program intended to prepare undergraduate students to enter and succeed in advanced graduate and professional biomedical degree programs, ultimately contributing to the diversity of the biomedical research workforce. The program adopted the Johnson/Bozemann Asset Bundles model, which recommends addressing five areas necessary to support minority students as they prepare for and continue towards scientific careers: a) educational endowments, b) science socialization, c) network development, d) family expectations and e) material resources. Through a variety of activities, which included a minimum of two years of research training, all five asset bundles were integrated into the program. Validated scales on science identity and research self-efficacy were completed by program fellows, and academic metrics such as retention, grade point average (GPA), and time to degree were collected for both program fellows and a comparison group. Thorough records of all students who participated in the program, including their presentations and co-authored publications, have been maintained, and students are being tracked post-graduation to determine their entry and completion of advanced degrees. Academic-based results for the first three cohorts of program participants show large, significant, and positive differences in retention, 4-year graduation rates and entry into advanced degrees between program participants and the comparison group. Comparison of academic and non-academic metrics indicate that the asset bundles approach is effective in retaining and preparing students for advanced degrees and careers in STEM disciplines. Using our results in combination with research by others on retention of students in STEM, we suggest factors contributing to the push-out of very talented majority Hispanic students in the comparison group from completing STEM degrees or not pursuing advanced studies in STEM areas.
Predicting the presence of tephra layers in lacustrine deposits using spectral gamma ray data: An example from Lake Chalco, Mexico City
Authors: Sardar Abadi Mehrdad , Zeeden Christian , Ulfers Arne , Meyer Alex Susan , Wonik Thomas ,   Mexidrill team
Published: December 2024

Spectral gamma ray borehole logging data can yield insights into the physical properties of lake sediments, serving as a valuable proxy for assessing climate and environmental changes. The presence of tephra layers resulting from volcanic ash deposition is not related to climate and environmental conditions. As a result, these layers pose challenges when attempting to analyze paleoclimate and environmental time series. Gamma rays are composed of photons, which are elementary particles of electromagnetic radiation. Tephra layers emit photons at specific energy levels that create a distinct pattern in their gamma-ray energy spectrum. The gamma-ray signature of tephra layers varies depending on the stage of the volcanic eruption. Additionally, there is a significant difference between the gamma-ray signature emitted by tephra layers and that of the background lake sediments. A composite signature can be used to predict tephra layers from background sediments by combining several gamma-ray signatures of tephra layers at different depths. We propose five-step protocol for detecting tephra layers within sediments through the utilization of gamma-ray spectroscopy. This protocol is based on a combination of physical aspects of gamma-ray spectroscopy and geological information specific to the lake system being studied. A subset of the training dataset is used, consisting of known tephra and non-tephra layers. The protocol involves identifying similarities between known tephra layers, analyzing differences in gamma-ray signals between tephra and non-tephra layers, and studying the composition of energy channels at various depths within the training dataset. Multiple linear regression models are used to predict the relationship between the composition of tephra layers as a dependent variable and the constituent energy channels of the gamma-ray signal as independent variables. The proposed protocol has the potential to accurately detect and identify thick tephra layers (> 10 cm in thickness) based on the rate of spectral gamma ray measurement in sedimentary sequences. This approach could enhance stratigraphic resolution by enabling finer subdivision of layers in an interior basin.
Protective role of Pannexin1 in lymphatic endothelial cells in the progression of atherosclerosis in female mice
Authors: Ehrlich Avigail , Pelli Graziano , Foglia Bernard , Molica Filippo , Kwak Brenda R.
Published: December 2024

Atherosclerosis is a progressive arterial disease arising from imbalanced lipid metabolism and a maladaptive immune response. The lymphatic system ensures tissue fluid homeostasis, absorption of dietary fats and trafficking of immune cells to draining lymph nodes, thereby potentially affecting atherogenesis. Endothelial cell-specific deletion of Pannexin1 (Panx1) in apolipoprotein E-deficient (Apoe-/-) mice increased atherosclerosis, suggesting a protective role for Panx1 channels in arterial endothelial function. Here, we investigated the role of Panx1 in lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) in the initiation and the progression of atherosclerosis. Male or female Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- and Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice were fed a high cholesterol diet (HCD) for 6 or 10 weeks. Tamoxifen-induced deletion of Panx1 was performed before or after 4 weeks of HCD. Body weight and serum lipid profiles were determined. The atherosclerotic plaque burden was assessed by Sudan-IV staining on thoracic-abdominal aortas and in aortic roots. Plaque composition was determined by immunohistochemistry. No differences in serum cholesterol, LDL and HDL were observed between genotypes and between sexes after HCD. Bodyweight, serum triglycerides and free fatty acid levels were higher before and after 6 weeks of HCD in male Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- and control Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice compared to females of the same genotypes, which was associated with more lipids and inflammatory cells in their atherosclerotic plaques. In contrast, the atherosclerotic plaque burden was higher in female mice. The progression of atherosclerosis in male mice was not different between genotypes. However, female Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice showed enhanced progression of atherosclerosis compared to Panx1fl/flApoe-/- controls of the same sex. In addition, atherosclerotic lesions in female, but not in male, Prox1-CreERT2+Panx1fl/flApoe-/- mice showed T cell enrichment. Altogether, our results reveal differential sex-dependent effects of Panx1 in lymphatic endothelium on the progression of atherosclerosis.
Validity of the Actigraph-GT9X accelerometer for measuring steps and energy expenditures in heart failure patients
Authors: Kim Jisu , Kenyon Jonathan , Billingsley Hayley , Bohmke Natalie , Ahmed Syed Imran , Salmons Hannah , Lee Jung-Min , Kirkman Danielle , Carbone Salvatore , Kim Youngdeok
Published: December 2024

Introduction

The ActiGraph (AG) accelerometer is widely used to assess physical activity (PA) in heart failure (HF) patients. However, the validity of the AG in this population remains unexplored.

Objective

Therefore, this study examined the criterion validity of the AG-GT9X for measuring step counts (SC) and energy expenditure (EE) among HF patients.

Methods

16 patients with HF with preserved ejection fraction (mean age = 60.3±12.1yrs) completed a total of 41 symptom-limited cardiopulmonary exercise tests on a treadmill across multiple time points (median (IQR) = 2.5 (1.5–3.5)). All participants wore the AG (model: GT9X) on both the right ankle and waist locations during the test. Manually counted steps and indirect calorimetry-derived EE served as criterion measures. AG-derived EE was estimated using six different prediction equations previously developed for waist-worn AG. AG-derived measurements were compared with criterion measurements by calculating correlation coefficients, equivalence tests with two one-sided tests, mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), percentage bias, and Bland-Altman plots using mixed models to account for the nested nature of repeated measures within subjects.

Results

Ankle-worn AG-SC was significantly equivalent to the criterion (p < .05) and had lower MAPE (<10%) compared to the waist location, regardless of PA intensity level. Sasaki-EE was significantly equivalent to the criterion (p < .05), with the lowest percentage bias overall (0.7%).

Conclusions

The ankle-worn AG-SC and Sasaki-EE showed better accuracy among HF patients in laboratory settings. Further research is warranted to cross-validate the results in different settings.
Problems of magnetic resonance diagnosis for gastric-type mucin-positive cervical lesions of the uterus and its solutions using artificial intelligence
Authors: Ohya Ayumi , Miyamoto Tsutomu , Ichinohe Fumihito , Kobara Hisanori , Fujinaga Yasunari , Shiozawa Tanri
Published: December 2024

Purpose

To reveal problems of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for diagnosing gastric-type mucin-positive (GMPLs) and gastric-type mucin-negative (GMNLs) cervical lesions.

Methods

We selected 172 patients suspected to have lobular endocervical glandular hyperplasia; their pelvic MR images were categorised into the training (n = 132) and validation (n = 40) groups. The images of the validation group were read twice by three pairs of six readers to reveal the accuracy, area under the curve (AUC), and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). The readers evaluated three images (sagittal T2-weighted image [T2WI], axial T2WI, and axial T1-weighted image [T1WI]) in every patient. The pre-trained convolutional neural network (pCNN) was used to differentiate between GMPLs and GMNLs and perform four-fold cross-validation using cases in the training group. The accuracy and AUC were obtained using the MR images in the validation group. For each case, three images (sagittal T2WI and axial T2WI/T1WI) were entered into the CNN. Calculations were performed twice independently. ICC (2,1) between first- and second-time CNN was evaluated, and these results were compared with those of readers.

Results

The highest accuracy of readers was 77.50%. The highest ICC (1,1) between a pair of readers was 0.750. All ICC (2,1) values were <0.7, indicating poor agreement; the highest accuracy of CNN was 82.50%. The AUC did not differ significantly between the CNN and readers. The ICC (2,1) of CNN was 0.965.

Conclusions

Variation in the inter-reader or intra-reader accuracy in MRI diagnosis limits differentiation between GMPL and GMNL. CNN is nearly as accurate as readers but improves the reproducibility of diagnosis.
Quantum-resilient software security: A fuzzy AHP-based assessment framework in the era of quantum computing
Authors: Almotiri Sultan H.
Published: December 2024

The introduction of quantum computing has transformed the setting of information technology, bringing both unprecedented opportunities and significant challenges. As quantum technologies continue to evolve, addressing their implications for software security has become an essential area of research. This paradigm change provides an unprecedented chance to strengthen software security from the start, presenting a plethora of novel alternatives. We use a multi-criteria decision-making methodology in this work to evaluate the efficacy of quantum computing approaches in improving software security. As the number of electronic applications grows, software developers strive to produce more sophisticated and user-friendly alternatives. However, in the pursuit of complexity, vulnerabilities may be introduced inadvertently, posing a substantial danger to software security. Our study addresses five major components of the quantum method to overcome these challenges: lattice-based cryptography, fully homomorphic algorithms, quantum key distribution, quantum hash functions, and blind quantum algorithms. The rapid development of quantum bits (qubits) regarded as basic quantum entities adds complexity and risk to the software security landscape. As a result, in the age of quantum computing, evaluating software security becomes not only necessary but also critical. To accomplish this objective, we propose the Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process (F-AHP), a soft computing method, as a reliable tool for accomplishing this goal. Our research aims to prioritise security variables using quantum security criteria, providing an innovative viewpoint on software security evaluation in the quantum computing era.
Enhancing the power quality in radial electrical systems using optimal sizing and selective allocation of distributed generations
Authors: Bogno Bachirou , Goron Deli , Nicodem Nisso , Shanmugan S. , Kidmo Kaoga Dieudonné , Kitmo  , Khan Akhlaque Ahmad , Fouad Yasser , Aillerie Michel
Published: December 2024

Optimizing energy resources is a major priority these days. Increasing household energy demand often leads to the deterioration of poorly sized distribution networks. This paper presents a method for energy compensation and optimization in radial distribution systems (ORDS). By integrating distributed generations (DG), an approach is used to evaluate voltage and power profiles, as well as power losses on radial distributed systems (PLRDSs). After integrating distributed generations, improved voltage and power profiles are established. A potential solution to power compensation and blackouts (PCB) can also be the use of hybrid distributed generation systems (HDGSs) that reinforce radial distribution networks (RDNs) by improving power quality. Accordingly, a proposed configuration system is shown in this work to inject multiple renewable energy sources (MRES) from selected regulated nodes. The feasibility of the proposed system is evaluated using particle swarm optimization (PSO), which was used to locate stable nodes and locations, sensitive to voltage fluctuations. The proposed approach is based on the evaluation of the power losses and voltage profiles of the IEEE 33 bus and IEEE 69 bus standards This MATLAB-based method establishes an objective function that converges more quickly to the optimal results.