bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Secondary Analysis of Sleep Quality Changes in Older Adults From a Randomized Trial of an MBSR Program
Authors: Gallegos Autumn M. , Moynihan Jan , Pigeon Wilfred R.
Published: August 2016

This secondary analysis examined changes in sleep quality associated with participation in a Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) program among healthy older adults. Data were collected at baseline, 8-weeks post-treatment, and a 6-month follow-up from adults aged ≥ 65 ( N = 200), randomly assigned to MBSR or a waitlist control. Group differences were examined using mixed analysis of covariance with repeated measures on the total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) score. A small-sized, significant effect was found on overall sleep among MBSR participants with baseline PSQI scores > 5, indicative of a sleep disturbance, F(2, 80) = 4.32, p = .02, ηp2 = .05. A medium-sized, significant effect was found for MBSR participants with baseline PSQI scores ≥ 10, F(2, 28) = 3.13, p = .04, ηp2 = .10. These findings indicate that improved sleep quality for older adults who have higher levels of sleep disturbance may be associated with participation in MBSR.
Latino Attitudes Toward Ballot Propositions That Target Immigrants
Authors: Stringer Amy
Published: August 2016

In response to an increase in undocumented immigrants in the United States, several states have proposed and passed ballot measures that are intended to target immigrants, particularly Latinos. Yet, previous research has often failed to focus on Latino viewpoints in relation to these measures and the restrictions therein. As such, I utilize the 2006 Latino National Survey to examine how different sectors of the U.S. Latino population view policies that have been the focus of ballot initiatives targeting immigrants. I first make the distinction between native-born and foreign-born Latinos to determine whether opinions concerning proposed restrictions on immigrants differ between these groups. Furthermore, I examine whether foreign-born Latinos who are more assimilated into U.S. society differ in their attitudes on these measures than more recent immigrants. Results indicate a clear distinction with U.S.-born Latinos exhibiting more nativist views toward immigrants and restrictive measures than foreign-born Latinos.
Internet Access to Advanced 3-Dimensional Software for the Prototyping and Design of Complex and Precise Custom Mandibular Implants
Authors: Binder William J. , Dhir Karan
Published: August 2016

A large percentage of patients with microgenia requesting chin augmentation also exhibit an associated component of micrognathia with either narrow or acutely angled mandibular bodies and/or hypoplasia of the gonial angles. Augmentation of the face and mandible should optimally address all regions of deficiency and can now be customized with a high degree of accuracy using software that can be accessed over the Internet. We discuss the advanced capabilities of merging a sophisticated software system (Geometric Freeform® software; Morrisville, North Carolina) and computed tomography (CT) imaging to design precise, total custom mandibular implants over the Internet without the need for physical modeling. In revision cases, this process also allowed for the implant to be removed and replaced within a single-stage procedure. We retrospectively reviewed 34 cases in an outpatient surgical center and described the preoperative evaluation, imaging protocol, customization process, and surgical procedure for custom mandibular and custom total mandibular augmentation. Between January 2004 and June 2015, 25 patients underwent total mandibular augmentation and 9 had custom extended mandibular angle and body augmentation. All patients received solid silicone rubber implants that were customized using virtual or acrylic prototypes digitally designed via real-time video conferencing. This custom process achieved an enhanced level of satisfaction with an improved ability to achieve symmetry based on quantitative measurements during the interactive design process, alloplastic facial implants can be customized with a high degree of accuracy, precision, and fit by combining the capabilities of 3-dimensional CT and advanced computer design software accessed via the Internet.
Narrative Inquiry
Authors: Lindsay Gail M. , Schwind Jasna K.
Published: August 2016

Narrative Inquiry is a research methodology that we adapted over the past two decades from Canadian higher education and curriculum studies to nursing research, education, and health-care practice. The Narrative Inquiry we use originated from Connelly and Clandinin in the 1990s, and rests on John Dewey’s philosophy that experience is relational, temporal, and situational, and as such, if intentionally explored, has the potential to be educational. More specifically, it is only when experience is reflected upon and reconstructed that it has the potential to reveal the construction of identity, knowledge, and the humanness of care. Congruent with the expectation that nurses are reflective practitioners and knowledge-makers, Narrative Inquiry provides a means to enhance, not only quality of care, but quality of experience of those in our care: in education, our students, and in practice, our patients. In this article, we explicate how Narrative Inquiry may be lived in health-care education and practice, with a primary focus on nursing. We illuminate how we support our graduate students, the next generation of narrative inquirers, through a Narrative Inquiry Works-in-Progress group.
Extracorporeal Support for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Bright Future
Authors: Trahanas John M. , Lynch William R. , Bartlett Robert H.
Published: August 2016

In the past the only option for the treatment of respiratory failure due to acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (aeCOPD) was invasive mechanical ventilation. In recent decades, the potential for extracorporeal carbon dioxide (CO2) removal has been realized. We review the various types of extracorporeal CO2 removal, outline the optimal use of these therapies for aeCOPD, and make suggestions for future controlled trials. We also describe the advantages and requirements for an ideal long-term ambulatory CO2 removal system for palliation of COPD.
Bone cement with a modified polyphosphate network structure stimulates hard tissue regeneration
Authors: Lee Byung-Hyun , Hong Min-Ho , Kim Min-Chul , Kwon Jae-Sung , Ko Yeong-Mu , Choi Heon-Jin , Lee Yong-Keun
Published: August 2016

In this study, a calcium polyphosphate cement (C pPC) consisting of basic components was investigated to assess its potential for hard tissue regeneration. The added basic components for improving the structural stability, which controlled the setting time, where the setting reaction resulted in the formation of amorphous structure with a re-constructed polyphosphate. Moreover, the characteristics were controlled by the composition, which determined the polyphosphate structure. C pPC exhibited outstanding dissolution rate compared with the common biodegradable cement, brushite cement (2.5 times). Despite high amounts of dissolution products, no significant cytotoxicity ensued. Induction of calcification in MG-63 cells treated with C pPC, the level of calcification increased with increasing C pPC dissolution rate. Induced calcification was observed also in C pPC-treated ST2 cells, in contrast with MG-63 and ST2 treated with brushite cement, for which no calcification was observed. In vivo tests using a rat calvarial defect model showed that resorbed C pPC resulted in favorable host responses and promoted bone formation. Additionally, there was a significant increase in defect closure, and new bone formation progressed from C pPC mid-sites as well as defect margins. From these results, C pPC exhibits significant potential as biodegradable bone substitute for bone regeneration.
Elite Distance Runners and Breastfeeding
Authors: Giles Audrey R. , Phillipps Breanna , Darroch Francine E. , McGettigan-Dumas Roisin
Published: August 2016

Background:

Elite female distance runners lack guidelines regarding breastfeeding while training at a high intensity.

Objectives:

The purpose of this research was to understand how elite female distance runners manage breastfeeding.

Methods:

Semistructured interviews were conducted with 14 women who had had at least one pregnancy within the past 5 years and had achieved a minimum of the USA Track and Field 2012 Olympic Trials “B” entry standard for running for the marathon or equivalent performance for 1,500 m or longer.

Results:

Using thematic analysis, we identified the following themes: breastfeeding as a barrier to training and competition, limited access to relevant breastfeeding information, and concerns for the baby’s health. Our findings show that despite the considerable barriers with which these women contend, they breastfed at higher rates and for longer duration than members of the general public.

Conclusion:

Based on our findings, we argue that elite female distance runners’ experiences of breastfeeding would be enhanced if more research were conducted on breastfeeding practices while training and competing at an elite level.
The Relations Among Social Media Addiction, Self-Esteem, and Life Satisfaction in University Students
Authors: Hawi Nazir S. , Samaha Maya
Published: August 2016

The use of social media has grown exponentially to the extent of engaging close to one third of the world’s population as of January 2016. Actually, social media statistics have been reporting an average annual increase of 10% in total number of users. These extremely impressive statistics have been triggering researchers’ interest in investigating this phenomenon and its impact on every aspect of users’ lives. Our study is an attempt to contribute to the knowledge that is building up in relation to this phenomenon by examining the relationships between the addictive use of social media, self-esteem, and satisfaction with life. To achieve this purpose, a generic questionnaire, the Social Media Addiction Questionnaire (SMAQ), was used stemming from the Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire. Respondents completed an online survey questionnaire which collected demographic information and responses to SMAQ, Rosenberg’s Self-Esteem Scale, and the Satisfaction with Life Scale. In addition to assessing SMAQ’s psychometric properties, data analyses included Pearson correlations between the variables, regression analysis, and structural equation modeling. Results showed that a one-factor model of SMAQ had good psychometric properties and had high internal consistency. As for relations, addictive use of social media had a negative association with self-esteem, and the latter had a positive association with satisfaction with life. Furthermore, path analysis showed that self-esteem mediated the effect of social media addiction on satisfaction with life.
Evaluation of micro-features of chips of Inconel 825 during dry turning with uncoated and chemical vapour deposition multilayer coated tools
Authors: Thakur A , Gangopadhyay S
Published: August 2016

Mechanism of chip formation during dry machining of Ni-based super alloys needs considerable research attention as it directly or indirectly affects different aspects of machinability. Therefore, the present research work aims at understanding the mechanism of chip formation with the help of various chip characteristics during dry machining of Inconel 825, a nickel-based super alloy. The influence of multilayer coating deposited using chemical vapour deposition, cutting speed and machining duration has been investigated on types and form of chips, along with different characteristics of chip like shear band thickness, saw-tooth distance, equivalent chip thickness, saw-tooth angle and chip segmentation frequency. Chip–tool contact length, hardness and crystallographic orientation (through X-ray diffraction) of chip have also been studied. Furthermore, different machining characteristics such as cutting force, apparent coefficient of friction and cutting temperature have also been determined for explaining the mechanism of various aspects of chip formation. The results indicated that coated tool restricted sharp increase in shear band thickness with cutting speed and resulted in reduction in saw-tooth distance, saw-tooth angle, equivalent chip thickness, chip hardness and deformation on grains while exhibiting increase in chip segmentation frequency in comparison with its uncoated counterpart.
Railway track irregularity and curvature estimation using doppler LIDAR fiber optics
Authors: Taheri Andani Masood , Peterson Andrew , Munoz Josh , Ahmadian Mehdi
Published: August 2016

The application of Doppler-based LIght Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) technology for determining track curvature and lateral irregularities, including alignment and gage variation, are investigated. The proposed method uses track measurements by two low-elevation, slightly tilted LIDAR sensors nominally pointed at the rail gage face on each track. The Doppler LIDAR lenses are installed with a slight forward angle to measure track speed in both longitudinal and lateral directions. The lateral speed measurements are processed for assessing the track gage and alignment variations, using a method that is based on the frequency bandwidth dissimilarities between the vehicle speed and track geometry irregularity. Using the results from an extensive series of tests with a body-mounted Doppler LIDAR system on-board a track geometry measurement railcar, the study indicates a close match between the LIDAR measurements and those made with existing sensors on-board the railcar. The field testing conducted during this study indicates that LIDAR sensors could provide a reliable, non-contact track monitoring instrument for field use in various weather and track conditions, potentially in a semi-autonomous or autonomous manner.
Fuzzy integral-based multi-sensor fusion for arc detection in the pantograph-catenary system
Authors: Aydin Ilhan , Celebi Selahattin B , Barmada Sami , Tucci Mauro
Published: August 2016

The pantograph-catenary subsystem is a fundamental component of a railway train since it provides the traction electrical power. A bad operating condition or, even worse, a failure can disrupt the railway traffic creating economic damages and, in some cases, serious accidents. Therefore, the correct operation of such subsystems should be ensured in order to have an economically efficient, reliable and safe transportation system. In this study, a new arc detection method was proposed and is based on features from the current and voltage signals collected by the pantograph. A tool named mathematical morphology is applied to voltage and current signals to emphasize the effect of the arc, before applying the fast Fourier transform to obtain the power spectrum. Afterwards, three support vector machine-based classifiers are trained separately to detect the arcs, and a fuzzy integral technique is used to synthesize the results obtained by the individual classifiers, therefore implementing a classifier fusion technique. The experimental results show that the proposed approach is effective for the detection of arcs, and the fusion of classifier has a higher detection accuracy than any individual classifier.
Programming strategies in the performing arts of the municipal libraries in the French metropolises of Paris and Marseilles
Authors: Urrutiaguer Daniel
Published: August 2016

Performing artists’ activities in public libraries have received scant research attention. To address this gap, this study is based on semi-directed interviews with staff in charge of performing artists programmes in 11 libraries, and an email survey of libraries in the two main French metropolises of Paris and Marseilles. Four types of goals underpin the programming strategies of the public libraries surveyed: the development of audience; the enhancement of collections; the modification of institutional image and the decompartmentalization of arts. Finally, the article examines the effects on the libraries’ governance as regards audience development, their core missions and their development partnerships.
Evaluation of phosphatidylserine-dependent antiprothrombin antibody testing for the diagnosis of antiphospholipid syndrome: results of an international multicentre study
Authors: Amengual O , Forastiero R , Sugiura-Ogasawara M , Otomo K , Oku K , Favas C , Delgado Alves J , Žigon P , Ambrožič A , Tomšič M , Ruiz-Arruza I , Ruiz-Irastorza G , Bertolaccini M L , Norman G L , Shums Z , Arai J , Murashima A , Tebo A E , Gerosa M , Meroni P L , Rodriguez-Pintó I , Cervera R , Swadzba J , Musial J , Atsumi T
Published: August 2016

Objective

A task force of scientists at the International Congress on Antiphospholipid Antibodies recognized that phosphatidylserine-dependent antiprothrombin antibodies (aPS/PT) might contribute to a better identification of antiphospholipid syndrome (APS). Accordingly, initial and replication retrospective, cross-sectional multicentre studies were conducted to ascertain the value of aPS/PT for APS diagnosis.

Methods

In the initial study (eight centres, seven countries), clinical/laboratory data were retrospectively collected. Serum/plasma samples were tested for IgG aPS/PT at Inova Diagnostics (Inova) using two ELISA kits. A replication study (five centres, five countries) was carried out afterwards.

Results

In the initial study ( n = 247), a moderate agreement between the IgG aPS/PT Inova and MBL ELISA kits was observed ( k = 0.598). IgG aPS/PT were more prevalent in APS patients (51%) than in those without (9%), OR 10.8, 95% CI (4.0–29.3), p < 0.0001. Sensitivity, specificity, positive (LR+) and negative (LR–) likelihood ratio of IgG aPS/PT for APS diagnosis were 51%, 91%, 5.9 and 0.5, respectively. In the replication study ( n = 214), a moderate/substantial agreement between the IgG aPS/PT results obtained with both ELISA kits was observed ( k = 0.630). IgG aPS/PT were more prevalent in APS patients (47%) than in those without (12%), OR 6.4, 95% CI (2.6–16), p < 0.0001. Sensitivity, specificity, LR + and LR– for APS diagnosis were 47%, 88%, 3.9 and 0.6, respectively.

Conclusions

IgG aPS/PT detection is an easily performed laboratory parameter that might contribute to a better and more complete identification of patients with APS.
Short-term atorvastatin therapy improves arterial stiffness of middle-aged systemic lupus erythematosus patients with pathological pulse wave velocity
Authors: Castejon R , Castañeda A , Sollet A , Mellor-Pita S , Tutor-Ureta P , Jimenez-Ortiz C , Yebra-Bango M
Published: August 2016

Objectives

Statins have been proposed as a potential treatment for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) due to their immunomodulatory properties, their role restoring endothelial function and preventing atherosclerosis. We evaluate the effect of a short period treatment with a low dose of atorvastatin and its withdrawal on early stage subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods

Thirty-seven SLE females received 20 mg/day atorvastatin during eight weeks. At baseline, at the end of treatment and six months after atorvastatin withdrawal, disease activity, subclinical atherosclerosis –assessed by measuring carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (PWV) – and quantification of circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPC) – as a surrogate biological marker of subclinical atherosclerosis – were carried out.

Results

The group of SLE patients with baseline pathological arterial stiffness showed a significant decrease of PWV after atorvastatin therapy (8.43 ± 1.45 m/s vs 7.42 ± 1.06 m/s; p = 0.002) that is maintained six months after treatment finished. Only patients of the middle-aged group showed a nearly significant decrease in the PWV measured along the study (7.16 ± 1.23 m/s vs 6.76 ± 0.82 m/s; p = 0.05). Atorvastatin induced a significant decrease in the circulating EPC percentage (0.65 ± 0.67 vs 0.40 ± 0.31; p = 0.023) as well as a downward trend of disease activity that it is observed by a decrease in SLE disease activity index simultaneously with an increase in C3 complement and significant decrease in serum concentration of vascular endothelial grow factor (VEGF) and sVCAM-1.

Conclusions

Short-term atorvastatin therapy reduces arterial stiffness of SLE patients with baseline pathological PWV, who are mainly in the group of middle-aged patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether these patients would benefit from statin therapy in preventing cardiovascular events.
Association between shortened telomere length and systemic lupus erythematosus: a meta-analysis
Authors: Lee Y H , Jung J H , Seo Y H , Kim J-H , Choi S J , Ji J D , Song G G
Published: August 2016

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the relationship between telomere length and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

Methods

PUBMED and EMBASE databases were searched; meta-analyses were performed comparing telomere length in SLE patients and healthy controls, and on SLE patients in subgroups based on ethnicity, sample type, assay method and data type.

Results

Eight studies including 472 SLE patients and 365 controls were ultimately selected which showed that telomere length was significantly shorter in the SLE group than in the control group (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.835, 95% confidence interval (CI) = −1.291 to −0.380, p = 3.3 × 10−4). Stratification by ethnicity showed significantly shortened telomere length in the SLE group in Caucasian, Asian and mixed populations (SMD = −0.455, 95% CI = −0.763 to −0.147, p = 0.004; SMD = −0.887, 95% CI = −1.261 to −0.513, p = 3.4 × 10−4; SMD = −0.535, 95% CI = −0.923 to −0.147, p = 0.007; respectively). Furthermore, telomere length was significantly shorter in the SLE group than in the control group in whole blood and peripheral blood mononuclear cell groups (SMD = −0.361, 95% CI = −0.553 to −0.169, p = 2.3 × 10−4; SMD = −1.546, 95% CI = −2.583 to −0.510, p = 0.003; respectively); a similar trend was observed in leukocyte groups (SMD = −0.699, 95% CI = −1.511 to −0.114, p = 0.092). Meta-analyses based on assay method or data type revealed similar associations.

Conclusions

Our meta-analysis demonstrated that telomere length was significantly shorter in patients with SLE, regardless of ethnicity, sample type or assay method evaluated.
Development and validation of Future Time Perspective Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults
Authors: Lyu Houchao , Huang Xiting
Published: August 2016

Future time perspective is a personality trait that involves people’s thoughts, feelings, and actions related to their futures. However, no multidimensional measures of future time perspective have been developed within Chinese cultural context. This study examined the structure of future time perspective by developing and validating a Future Time Perspective Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults in middle school and college student samples. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses resulted in a final measure that included 28 items loading onto six factors: Future-negative, future-positive, future-confusion, future-perseverant, future-perspicuity, and future-planning. The six-factor structure with high reliability and strong patterns of validity estimates was established. Future Time Perspective Scale for Adolescents and Young Adults will be useful in studies testing adolescents’ and young adults’ future time perspective. Future directions for the study of future time perspective in adolescents and young adults and limitations of the current study were discussed.
Revealing Miriam’s Prophecy
Authors: Lederman-Daniely Dvora
Published: August 2016

This article examines the character of Miriam the prophetess and raises questions regarding the contradictions and contrasts in the way she is portrayed in the biblical text. Contrary to some researchers, who argued that Miriam was not actually a prophetess and did not deliver the word of God, this essay argues that Miriam was indeed equal to her brother Moses, both as a prophetess and as a messenger, equal in both essence and spiritual role. This essay aims to reveal, using the approach of cultural symbolism, the female parts of the story and the tradition of Miriam, which were censored and silenced in the hegemonic text. The essay aims to prove that Miriam, like Moses, was present at moments of revelation and was sent on the mission of leading and delivering the Hebrew nation.
Experiences of Prenatal Genetic Screening and Diagnostic Testing Among Pregnant Korean Women of Advanced Maternal Age
Authors: Jun Myunghee , Thongpriwan Vipavee , Choi Kyung Sook
Published: August 2016

Purpose: This study explored the experiences of Korean women of advanced maternal age undergoing prenatal genetic screening and diagnostic testing. Design: A descriptive, qualitative design was used to guide the study. Method: Ten participants were purposely recruited from a large metropolitan Korean hospital for clinical observations and individual, semistructured interviews. The content analysis method was used to analyze field notes and interview transcripts. Findings: Three themes emerged: reacting to an unfavorable screening result, dealing with the anticipated consequences of diagnostic testing, and realistically embracing the unborn child. Conclusions: The findings of this study inform the development of tailored interventions aimed at reducing the heavy emotional burdens placed on pregnant women and the stigma of bearing children with genetic conditions. Clear reciprocal communication and shared decision making should be promoted in the day-to-day practice of delivering health care for pregnant Korean women.
Cognitive Ability Rivals the Effect of Political Sophistication on Ideological Voting
Authors: Rasmussen Stig Hebbelstrup Rye
Published: August 2016

This article examines the impact of cognitive ability on ideological voting. We find, using a U.S. sample and a Danish sample, that the effect of cognitive ability rivals the effect of the traditionally strongest predictor of ideological voting, political sophistication. Furthermore, the results are consistent with the effect of cognitive ability being partly mediated by political sophistication. Much of the effect of cognitive ability remains, however, and is not explained by differences in education or openness to experience either. The implications of these results for democratic theory are discussed.
Does IQ = IQ? Comparability of Intelligence Test Scores in Typically Developing Children
Authors: Hagmann-von Arx Priska , Lemola Sakari , Grob Alexander
Published: August 2016

Numerous intelligence tests are available to psychological diagnosticians to assess children’s intelligence, but whether they yield comparable test results has been little studied. We examined test scores of 206 typically developing children aged 6 to 11 years on five German intelligence tests (Reynolds Intellectual Assessment Scales; Snijders Oomen Nonverbal Intelligence Test; Intelligence and Development Scales; Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4th edition; Culture Fair Intelligence Test Scale 2), which were individually administered. On a sample level, the test scores showed strong correlation and little or no mean difference. These results indicate that the tests measure a similar underlying construct, which is interpreted as general intelligence. On an individual level, however, test scores significantly differed across tests for 12% to 38% of the children. Differences did not depend on which test was used but rather on unexplained error. Implications for the application of intelligence assessment in psychological practice are discussed.
Book review: Camfield, L. editor. 2014: Methodological Challenges and New Approaches to Research in International Development
Authors: Tighe Eleanor
Published: August 2016

Camfield, L. editor. 2014: Methodological Challenges and New Approaches to Research in International Development. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. xix + 340 pp. £70 cloth, £66.50 e-book. ISBN: 978 1 137 29361 9 (cloth), 978 1 137 29363 3 (ebook).
Embracing qualitative research: a visual model for nuanced research ethics oversight
Authors: Doyle Elaine , Buckley Patrick
Published: August 2016

The research ethics review systems within universities evolved from the positivist biomedical model but have expanded to include all non-clinical research involving human subjects. However, the application of the biomedical paradigm to qualitative research often creates significant problems. This article highlights the fundamental differences between biomedical and humanities and social science (HSS) research, illustrating that one size does not fit all when it comes to research ethics review. Recognising the resource constraints faced by many higher level education institutions, we develop a model which encompasses the traditional research ethics concepts without requiring separate oversight procedures. After its original construction based on extent research ethics literature, the model was evolved based on findings from qualitative interviews carried out with expert members of research ethics committees. The model can be adapted to multiple contexts through the application of different levels of tolerance in each domain. Our contribution is twofold: (1) to synthesise from the literature an explicit rationale for differentiating research contexts when it comes to research ethics oversight; and (2) to provide research ethics committees with a workable visual model that can be used to aid decision making in diverse research domains.
Human perceptions of colour rendition vary with average fidelity, average gamut, and gamut shape
Authors: Royer MP , Wilkerson A , Wei M , Houser K , Davis R
Published: August 2016

An experiment was conducted to evaluate how subjective impressions of a light source’s colour quality depend upon the details of the shifts it causes in the colour appearance of illuminated objects. Twenty-eight participants each evaluated 26 lighting conditions in a 3.1 m by 3.7 m room filled with objects selected to cover a range of hue, saturation, and lightness. IES TM-30-15 Fidelity Index ( Rf) values ranged from 64 to 93, IES TM-30 Gamut Index ( Rg) values ranging from 79 to 117, and IES TM-30 red chroma shift ( Rcs,h1) values ranging from −19% to 26%. All lighting conditions had the same nominal illuminance and chromaticity. Participants were asked to rate each condition on eight point scales for saturated–dull, normal–shifted, and like–dislike, as well as classifying the condition as one of saturated, dull, normal, or shifted. The findings suggest that gamut shape is more important than average gamut area for modeling human preference, with red playing a more important role than other hues. Average fidelity alone is a weak predictor of human perception, especially CIE Ra. Nine of the top 12 rated products had a CIE Ra value of 73 or less, which indicates that the criteria of CIE Ra ≥ 80 may be excluding many preferred light sources.
Testing a Moderated Mediation Model of Transformational Leadership, Values, and Organization Change
Authors: Groves Kevin S.
Published: August 2016

A field study of organizational leaders and their immediate followers was conducted to investigate (a) the mediating roles of follower openness to change values and follower self-transcendence values in linking transformational leadership to follower change resistance and follower extra effort, respectively and (b) the moderating role of organization change magnitude in influencing the mediation effects. Transformational leadership theory postulates that a range of follower attitudinal and performance outcomes are at least partially explained by a leader’s ability to influence followers’ values to support organizational change. Using Preacher, Rucker, and Hayes’s moderated mediation framework, this study extends transformational leadership research by testing a model that explicates the roles of leader behavior, follower values, and a key contextual variable in producing effects on follower attitudinal and performance outcomes. Data from 181 organizational leaders and 723 of their respective followers demonstrated strong support for the moderated mediation model. The conditional indirect effects of transformational leadership on follower change resistance and follower extra effort via follower openness to change and self-transcendence values, respectively, were stronger in work contexts characterized by high organization change magnitude. Implications for theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
When official consensus equals more negativity in media coverage: Broadcast television news and the (re-)indexing of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ repeal
Authors: Groshek Jacob , Frush Holt Lanier
Published: August 2016

Media coverage surrounding the repeal of the ‘Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell’ (DADT) military policy was analyzed to examine how tones in coverage change over time and along the contours of increases in official consensus. In advancing the concept of indexing beyond actual military conflict, or the threat of war and honing in on a domestic but still military issue, this study examines broadcast network news coverage for a period of one year before and after DADT was repealed. Findings observed here indicate that media coverage may be more independent of official consensus than shown in previous research, specifically in reporting more negatively after official consensus was achieved. These results further suggest that coverage was moderated by network and that conceptions of indexing may not hold in the contemporary media and political environment. Implications are discussed in relation to media coverage of contentious issues and performance in polarized politics.
The prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis and Mycoplasma genitalium tubal infections and their effects on the expression of IL-6 and leukaemia inhibitory factor in Fallopian tubes with and without an ectopic pregnancy
Authors: Refaat Bassem , Ashshi Ahmed Mohamed , Batwa Sarah Abdullah , Ahmad Jawwad , Idris Shakir , Kutbi Seham Yahia , Malibary Faizah Ahmed , Kamfar Fadi Fayez
Published: August 2016

This was a prospective case–control study that measured the prevalence of Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoeae (NG) and Mycoplasma genitalium (MG) by an IVD CE multiplex PCR kit in fresh Fallopian tubes (FT) obtained from 96 ectopic pregnancies (EP) and 61 controls in the midluteal phase of the cycle. We later measured the expression profile of IL-6, leukaemia inhibitory factor (LIF) and their signalling molecules, in respect to the type and number of infections, by immunohistochemistry, ELISA and quantitative RT-PCR. The frequencies of CT, and MG mono- and co-infections were significantly higher in EP. IL-6, LIF, their receptors and intracellular mediators were significantly up-regulated at the gene and protein levels in positive compared with negative FTs within each group ( P < 0.05). EP tubal samples with co-infections showed the highest significant expression of the candidate cytokines by all techniques ( P < 0.05). CT and MG are frequent in EP and up-regulate the tubal expression of IL-6, LIF and their signalling molecules. Both cytokines could be involved in the tubal immune response against bacterial infections, as well as the pathogenesis of EP. Further studies are needed to explore the roles of IL-6 family in infection-induced tubal inflammation and EP.
Primary ethambutol resistance among Iranian pulmonary tuberculosis patients: a systematic review
Authors: Nasiri Mohammad Javad , Imani Fooladi Abbas Ali , Dabiri Hossein , Pormohammad Ali , Salimi Chirani Alireza , Dadashi Masoud , Houri Hamidreza , Heidary Mohsen , Feizabadi Mohammad Mehdi
Published: August 2016

Introduction:

Ethambutol (EMB) is an anti-mycobacterial agent that is most commonly used in combination with other anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs in the treatment of TB. Studies have shown that primary resistance rates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to EMB vary widely, that is, from 1% to as high as 14%. In this study, we aimed to determine the exact prevalence of primary EMB resistance among pulmonary TB cases.

Methods:

Several databases, including Medline, Embase, and Iranian databases, were searched from March 2000 to January 2016 to identify studies addressing EMB-resistant TB in Iran. Comprehensive meta-analysis (V2.2, Biostat) software was used to analyze the data.

Results:

Of the 112 records identified from the databases, 10 studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The pooled prevalence of primary EMB-resistant TB was estimated at 4.2% [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8–9.0]. No evidence of publication bias was observed among the included studies ( p = 0.4 for Begg rank correlation analysis; p = 0.2 for Egger weighted regression analysis).

Conclusion:

Results of systematic review and meta-analyses indicated that effective strategies to minimize the acquired drug resistance, to improve the drug susceptibility testing (DST) capability, and to control the transmission of resistance should be attached importance for control of TB in Iran.
Digital subjectivation and financial markets: Criticizing Social Studies of Finance with Lazzarato
Authors: Christiaens Tim
Published: August 2016

The recently rising field of Critical Data Studies is still facing fundamental questions. Among these is the enigma of digital subjectivation. Who are the subjects of Big Data? A field where this question is particularly pressing is finance. Since the 1990s traders have been steadily integrated into computerized data assemblages, which calls for an ontology that eliminates the distinction between human sovereign subjects and non-human instrumental objects. The latter subjectivize traders in pre-conscious ways, because human consciousness runs too slow to follow the volatility of the market. In response to this conundrum Social Studies of Finance has drawn on Actor-Network Theory to interpret financial markets as technically constructed networks of human and non-human actors. I argue that in order to develop an explicitly critical data study it might be advantageous to refer to Maurizio Lazzarato’s theory of machinic subjugation instead. Although both accounts describe financial digital subjectivation similarly, Lazzarato has the advantage of coupling his description to a clear critique of and resistance to finance.
The conundrum of police officer-involved homicides: Counter-data in Los Angeles County
Authors: Currie Morgan , Paris Britt S , Pasquetto Irene , Pierre Jennifer
Published: August 2016

This paper draws from critical data studies and related fields to investigate police officer-involved homicide data for Los Angeles County. We frame police officer-involved homicide data as a rhetorical tool that can reify certain assumptions about the world and extend regimes of power. We highlight the possibility that this type of sensitive civic data can be investigated and employed within local communities through creative practice. Community involvement with data can create a countervailing force to powerful dominant narratives and supplement activist projects that hold local officials accountable for their actions. Our analysis examines four Los Angeles County police officer-involved homicide data sets. First, we provide accounts of the semantics, granularity, scale and transparency of this local data. Then, we describe a “counter data action,” an event that invited members of the community to identify the limits and challenges present in police officer-involved homicide data and to propose new methods for deriving meaning from these indicators and statistics.
Minibrain drives the Dacapo dependent cell cycle exit of neurons in the Drosophila brain by promoting asense and prospero expression
Authors: Shaikh Mirja N. , Gutierrez-Aviño Francisco , Colonques Jordi , Ceron Julian , Hämmerle Barbara , Tejedor Francisco J.
Published: August 2016

A key issue in neurodevelopment is to understand how precursor cells decide to stop dividing and commence their terminal differentiation at the correct time and place. Here, we show that minibrain (mnb), the Drosophila ortholog of the Down syndrome candidate gene MNB/DYRK1A, is transiently expressed in newborn neuronal precursors known as ganglion cells (GCs). Mnb promotes the cell cycle exit of GCs through a dual mechanism that regulates the expression of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Dacapo, the homolog of vertebrate p27kip1. On the one hand, Mnb upregulates the expression of the proneural transcription factor (TF) Asense, which promotes Dacapo expression. On the other, Mnb induces the expression of Prospero, a homeodomain TF that in turn inhibits the expression of Deadpan, a pan-neural TF that represses dacapo. In addition to its effects on Asense and Prospero, Mnb also promotes the expression of the neuronal-specific RNA regulator Elav, strongly suggesting that Mnb facilitates neuronal differentiation. These actions of Mnb ensure the precise timing of neuronal birth, coupling the mechanisms that regulate neurogenesis, cell cycle control and terminal differentiation of neurons.
Seed abscission and fruit dehiscence required for seed dispersal rely on similar genetic networks
Authors: Balanzà Vicente , Roig-Villanova Irma , Di Marzo Maurizio , Masiero Simona , Colombo Lucia
Published: August 2016

Seed dispersal is an essential trait that enables colonization of new favorable habitats, ensuring species survival. In plants with dehiscent fruits, such as Arabidopsis, seed dispersal depends on two processes: the separation of the fruit valves that protect the seeds (fruit dehiscence), and the detachment of the seeds from the funiculus connecting them to the mother plant (seed abscission). The key factors required to establish a proper lignin pattern for fruit dehiscence are SHATTERPROOF1 and 2 (SHP1and SHP2). In this work we demonstrate that the SHPs closely related gene SEEDSTICK (STK) is a key factor required to establish the proper lignin pattern in the seed abscission zone but in an opposite way. We show that STK acts as a repressor of lignin deposition in the seed abscission zone through the direct repression of HECATE3 while the SHPs promote lignin deposition in the valve margins by the activation of INDEHISCENT. The interactions of STK with the SEUSS co-repressor determine the difference in the way STK and SHPs control the lignification patterns.

Despite this difference in the molecular control of lignification during seed abscission and fruit dehiscence, we show that the genetic networks regulating these two developmental pathways are highly conserved.
Control of germline stem cell differentiation by Polycomb and Trithorax group genes in the niche microenvironment
Authors: Li Xuewen , Yang Fu , Chen Hongyan , Deng Bowen , Li Xinghua , Xi Rongwen
Published: August 2016

Polycomb and Trithorax group (PcG and TrxG) genes function to regulate gene transcription by maintaining a repressive or active chromatin state, respectively. This antagonistic activity is important for body patterning during embryonic development, but whether this function module has a role in adult tissues is unclear. Here, we report that in the Drosophila ovary, disruption of the Polycomb repressive complex 1 (PRC1), specifically in the supporting escort cells, causes blockage of cystoblast differentiation and germline stem cell-like tumor formation. Tumors are caused by derepression of decapentaplegic (dpp), which prevents cystoblast differentiation. Interestingly, activation of dpp in escort cells requires the function of the TrxG gene brahma (brm), suggesting that loss of PRC1 in escort cells causes Brm-dependent dpp expression. Our study suggests a requirement for balanced activity between PcG and TrxG in an adult stem cell niche, and disruption of this balance could lead to the loss of tissue homeostasis and tumorigenesis.
3′READS+, a sensitive and accurate method for 3′ end sequencing of polyadenylated RNA
Authors: Zheng Dinghai , Liu Xiaochuan , Tian Bin
Published: August 2016

Sequencing of the 3′ end of poly(A)+ RNA identifies cleavage and polyadenylation sites (pAs) and measures transcript expression. We previously developed a method, 3′ region extraction and deep sequencing (3′READS), to address mispriming issues that often plague 3′ end sequencing. Here we report a new version, named 3′READS+, which has vastly improved accuracy and sensitivity. Using a special locked nucleic acid oligo to capture poly(A)+ RNA and to remove the bulk of the poly(A) tail, 3′READS+ generates RNA fragments with an optimal number of terminal A's that balance data quality and detection of genuine pAs. With improved RNA ligation steps for efficiency, the method shows much higher sensitivity (over two orders of magnitude) compared to the previous version. Using 3′READS+, we have uncovered a sizable fraction of previously overlooked pAs located next to or within a stretch of adenylate residues in human genes and more accurately assessed the frequency of alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) in HeLa cells (∼50%). 3′READS+ will be a useful tool to accurately study APA and to analyze gene expression by 3′ end counting, especially when the amount of input total RNA is limited.
The When and Why of Abandonment: The Role of Organizational Differences In Medical Technology Life Cycles
Authors: Greenwood Brad N. , Agarwal Ritu , Agarwal Rajshree , Gopal Anandasivam
Published: August 2016

Although the adoption of new technology has received significant attention in management research, investigations of abandonment have lagged. In this study, we examine differences in the rates of abandonment of medical technologies based on whether abandonment occurs in response to the emergence of a superior technology or in light of new information questioning its efficacy. We link differences in responses to underlying differences in the missions and incentives of organizations. Examining coronary stents across three technological regime changes using a census of approximately two million patients admitted to Florida hospitals from 1995 to 2007, we show meaningful differences across three hospital types: for-profit, not-for-profit, and academic medical centers. Results show that for-profit hospitals abandon the earlier generation in favor of a superior technology faster than not-for-profit hospitals, but this is not the case if the efficacy of the technology is questioned. Academic medical centers, however, have the highest rates of abandonment under both triggers. Importantly, we find that organizational factors dominate physician differences as explanatory factors for abandonment. Implications of these findings are twofold. First, we identify the factors likely at play, i.e., the salience of norms of science and the corresponding trade-offs with economic benefits, when organizations make abandonment decisions. Second, our work underscores the importance of organizational mission, which dominates individual preferences in determining rates of abandonment.

This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.
Debtor Rights, Credit Supply, and Innovation
Authors: Cerqueiro Geraldo , Hegde Deepak , Penas María Fabiana , Seamans Robert C.
Published: August 2016

Firms’ innovative activities can be sensitive to public policies that affect the availability of capital. In this paper, we investigate the effects of regional and temporal variation in U.S. personal bankruptcy laws on firms’ innovative activities. We find that bankruptcy laws that provide stronger debtor protection decrease the number of patents produced by small firms. Stronger debtor protection also decreases the average quality, and variance in quality, of firms’ patents. We find evidence that the negative effect of stronger debtor protection on experimentation and innovation may be due to the decreased availability of external financing in response to stronger debtor rights, an effect amplified in industries with a high dependence on external financing. Hence, while it is typically assumed that stronger debtor protection encourages innovation by reducing the cost of failure for innovators, we show that it can instead dampen innovative activities by tightening the availability of external financing to innovative firms.

This paper was accepted by David Hsu, entrepreneurship and innovation.