bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Exploitations et systèmes de production d’herbivores. Importance, évolution, questions
Authors: LIÉNARD G. , CORDONNIER P. , BOUTONNET J.P.
Published: July 2020

L’évolution des exploitations d’élevage herbivore françaises a été considérable depuis une vingtaine d’années, à la fois sous l’influence de la démographie, des innovations technologiques, de la mise en place de la Politique Agricole Communautaire, et des transformations économiques générales, dont l’internationalisation des échanges est un des points les plus décisifs pour le secteur agricole et agro-alimentaire. Le texte retrace les grandes évolutions massales des secteurs lait et viande bovine et ovine, et la transformation des systèmes de production. Pour les bovins, l’instauration des quotas laitiers en 1984 est la date charnière à partir de laquelle s’est accélérée la restructuration du secteur laitier, avec une perturbation profonde de la production de viande. En production ovine, l’instauration de la Règlementation Européenne à partir de 1980 a fait passer la production française de l’expansion au repli. Le futur dépendra, entre autres, de quatre facteurs essentiels :- le départ prochain à la retraite d’un grand nombre d’éleveurs sans successeurs va libérer des surfaces plus importantes que par le passé, potentiellement près d’un quart du total : on peut s’interroger sur les conditions dans lesquelles ces surfaces pourront être reprises par les éleveurs restants.- la réforme de la PAC peut modifier radicalement la conception des systèmes de production, notamment vis-à-vis du foncier.- l’influence des transformateurs et des consommateurs sera croissante, avec des exigences accrues vis-à-vis des éleveurs, pour la qualité de leurs productions et même pour les techniques d’élevage mises en oeuvre.- les éleveurs eux-mêmes, notamment les jeunes, chercheront à satisfaire des objectifs nouveaux. A celui du maintien du revenu familial s’ajoutera l’exigence de conditions de travail plus satisfaisantes. Quatre objectifs de recherche pour les éleveurs d’herbivores peuvent, entre autres, être envisagés pour l’avenir :- maintenir la compétitivité des productions bovines,- mieux adapter la production à la demande, quantitativement en volume et dans le temps, et surtout qualitativement selon l’évolution des préférences des consommateurs.- mettre au point des systèmes de production plus diversifiés, aptes à mettre en valeur des milieux très variés.- faire face à des troupeaux de plus grands effectifs, pour permettre une meilleure productivité du travail humain, qui sera le facteur le plus déterminant dans l’avenir.
Les phénomènes de substitution fourrages-concentrés chez la vache laitière
Authors: FAVERDIN P. , DULPHY J.P. , COULON J.B. , VÉRITÉ R. , GAREL J.P. , ROUEL J. , MARQUIS B.
Published: July 2020

Les principaux facteurs de variations des taux de substitution (TS) entre fourrage et aliments concentrés que constituent le niveau d’apport du concentré, la nature du fourrage et la nature de l’aliment concentré ont été étudiés au cours de 8 essais réalisés en 3 lieux différents. Dans chaque essai, 3 niveaux de d’apport de concentrés (bas, moyen et haut) ont été comparés selon un schéma carré latin 3x3, répété 3 ou 4 fois, avec des vaches pie-noires en milieu de lactation et au cours de périodes de 1 mois. Les 8 essais correspondaient à 8 régimes différant par la nature du fourrage (ensilage de maïs, ensilage d’herbe ou foin) et la nature du concentré (riche en amidon, riche en parois très digestibles, ou riche en parois moyennement digestibles). Quels que soient les fourrages et les concentrés, le taux de substitution augmente systématiquement avec le niveau d’apport de concentré : il passe, en moyenne, de 0,47 entre les niveaux bas et moyen à 0,67 entre les niveaux moyens et haut. Pour un fourrage donné, le taux de substitution est plus élevé lorsque la concentration énergétique du concentré est plus forte, mais cet écart n’existe qu’entre les niveaux bas et moyen d’apport. Les taux de substitution moyens observés sur ensilage de maïs (0,70) sont supérieurs à ceux observés sur ensilage d’herbe (0,53) ainsi que sur foin (0,44). Ces essais montrent, à travers les 3 facteurs de variations étudiés, que les taux de substitution observés en milieu de lactation sont d’autant plus importants que le bilan énergétique des animaux est plus élevé.
Influence des conditions d’abattage et de réfrigération sur la qualité des foies gras d’oie
Authors: ROUSSELOT-PAILLEY D. , GUY G. , GOURICHON D. , SELLIER N. , BLUM J.C.
Published: July 2020

Les conditions d’abattage, d’éviscération et de refroidissement des oies gavées ont une incidence importante sur la production quantitative et qualitative des foies gras. La mise à jeun des animaux avant l’abattage est nécessaire pour préserver leur qualité sanitaire. Toutefois, un jeûne prolongé entre le dernier repas de gavage et l’abattage peut entraîner une importante diminution du poids du foie gras et une altération de sa qualité technologique par augmentation de sa fonte lipidique. Un optimum pourrait être trouvé autour de 12 h. La réfrigération rapide des foies gras après l’abattage des oies gavées est nécessaire pour limiter leur fonte lipidique et ceci d’autant plus que leur qualité technologique initiale est meilleure (foies de 600 à 900 g). L’éviscération à chaud (immédiatement après l’abattage), qui permet d’isoler rapidement le foie des risques de contaminations intestinales et une réfrigération rapide hors de la carcasse, conduit à une meilleure qualité technologique des foies gras. Sa mise en oeuvre exige toutefois une parfaite maîtrise des conditions d’hygiène.
Conservation et utilisation par les génisses de l’herbe de prairies naturelles. Intérêt des balles rondes enrubannées comparativement à l’ensilage direct et au foin
Authors: ANDRIEU J.P. , DEMARQUILLY C. , ROUEL J.
Published: July 2020

La conservation des fourrages préfanés et mi-fanés pressés en balles rondes enrubannées se développe rapidement en France et en Europe du Nord depuis la mise au point récente de films plastiques étirables de qualité et de machines permettant l’enrubannage automatisé. La valeur alimentaire pour des génisses laitières de 1 an de ces fourrages a été comparée durant 2 hivers successifs à celles des ensilages coupe fine et directe avec et sans conservateur et des foins correspondants. La qualité de conservation des fourrages enrubannés augmente avec la teneur en matière sèche et devient excellente quand cette teneur est supérieure ou égale à 50-55 %. Dans ces conditions leur valeur alimentaire (quantité ingérée, indice de consommation) est équivalente à celle des ensilages à l’acide formique et est légèrement supérieure à celle des foins correspondants récoltés dans d’excellentes conditions et surtout à celle des ensilages directs sans conservateur. Ces essais ont en outre permis de mettre en évidence l’intérêt, pour les fourrages de prairies naturelles, d’une récolte à un stade précoce (début épiaison) d’un conservateur à base de bactéries lactiques et d’enzymes cellulolytiques associé à une petite quantité de mélasse, et de la distribution d’une petite quantité d’azote peu dégradable aux animaux recevant des ensilages directs sans conservateur.
Administration de GRF ou de somatotropine chez le porc et les volailles : effets sur les performances, la qualité des viandes et la fonction de reproduction
Authors: BONNEAU M.
Published: July 2020

Chez des porcs nourris à volonté, l’administration de somatotropine porcine (pST) pendant la période de finition entraîne une diminution de l’ingéré alimentaire (2-22%), une accélération de la croissance (jusqu’à 47%) et une amélioration de l’efficacité alimentaire (3-38%), en relation avec une réduction du dépôt de gras corporel (7-44%). Le pourcentage de muscles dans la carcasse est augmenté de 2 à 23%. En liaison avec l’augmentation du poids de certains organes (foie, coeur, etc.), le rendement à l’abattage est réduit de 1 à 4%. L’administration de GRF (Growth Hormone-Releasing Factor) ou d’un analogue du GRF a les mêmes effets qualitatifs que celle de pST. L’amplitude des effets de la pST peut varier en fonction : 1) de la dose de pST. L’ingéré alimentaire et le dépôt de gras décroissent linéairement avec la dose alors que la réponse en termes d’efficacité alimentaire ou de dépôt de muscle plafonne au delà de la dose seuil qui permet d’obtenir la vitesse de croissance maximale. 2) des modalités d’administration. Les formes d’administration lente semblent moins efficaces qu’une injection journalière. 3) de l’âge et du poids. Les effets de la pST administrée pendant la phase de croissance ou chez des porcs lourds sont similaires, qualitativement et quantitativement, à ceux observés pendant la période de finition. 4) du génotype, du sexe et de la castration. Les effets de la pST sont d’autant plus importants que le potentiel de croissance musculaire de l’animal est plus faible. Les effets de la pST sur le pourcentage des différents types de fibres musculaires ne sont pas clairs, bien que l’on observe une augmentation générale de leur surface de section transversale. Les effets de la pST sur les caractéristiques musculaires peuvent varier fortement selon le muscle considéré. Les propriétés physiques et sensorielles de la viande ne sont généralement pas ou peu modifiées par le traitement pST. Outre l’impact sur la composition du muscle et du gras, on observe assez souvent une légère dégradation de la tendreté. L’impact d’un traitement par la pST sur la venue en puberté des cochettes n’est pas clair. Il semble bien cependant que, s’il devait y avoir un effet négatif, celui-ci soit facilement réversible, dès l’arrêt du traitement. L’administration de pST pendant la gestation n’a aucun effet sur la portée. L’intérêt d’un traitement par la pST pendant la lactation reste controversé. Bien que la somatotropine semble être impliquée dans la régulation de la croissance chez les oiseaux, l’administration de GRF ou de somatotropine n’a que des effets transitoires (ou même, le plus souvent, aucun effet) sur les performances de croissance et la composition des carcasses de poulet...
Alimentation des vaches laitières : comparaison des systèmes d’alimentation énergétique
Authors: VERMOREL M. , COULON J.B.
Published: July 2020

Les besoins énergétiques (entretien, lactation, variation de poids) des vaches laitières produisant de 20 à 45 kg de lait par jour, ainsi que la valeur énergétique des aliments (teneur en énergie métabolisable, EM, rendement d’utilisation de l’EM, kl, et teneur en énergie nette) sont comparés dans les systèmes français (UFL), allemand (ENL), américain (NRC), britannique (ARC) et néerlandais (VEM). Les corrections utilisées dans chaque système pour tenir compte des interactions entre les aliments et de l’accroissement du niveau d’alimentation sont également discutées. La validité des systèmes français et néerlandais a été testée par des bilans en chambres respiratoires et des essais d’alimentation, celle du système britannique par des essais d’alimentation. Les quantités d’aliments nécessaires pour satisfaire les besoins énergétiques des vaches laitières sont très voisines dans les systèmes français et néerlandais ; les différences sont plus importantes avec le système britannique (ARC) ; elles augmentent avec la production laitière dans les systèmes allemand (ENL) et américain (NRC).
Réflexions sur les outils de mise en oeuvre des recommandations alimentaires. Application aux vaches laitières dans les conditions françaises
Authors: COULON J.B. , AGABRIEL J.
Published: July 2020

Les systèmes d’alimentation des ruminants et les recomandations alimentaires qui en découlent ont fait l’objet de modifications sensibles au cours de ces dernières années, en France comme à l’étranger. Parallèlement, les outils d’application de ces recommandations se sont diversifiés. En France, la plupart de ces outils se réfèrent aux recommandations de l’INRA. Il est donc important de bien différencier les recommandations alimentaires des outils qui permettent de les mettre en oeuvre. Parmi ces outils, on peut distinguer les tables et tableaux (qui fournissent des valeurs d’aliment ou de besoins, bases de calculs ultérieurs), les ouvrages présentant sous forme simplifiée et précalculée des solutions pratiques directement utilisables sur le terrain, et les logiciels informatiques parmi lesquels le logiciel INRAtion. Dans cette étude, les différentes caractéristiques d’un outil de mise en oeuvre des recommandations alimentaires sont illustrées à partir d’un exemple de rationnement chez la vache laitière. L’intérêt et les développements envisagés des outils informatiques sont discutés.
Fabrication and Characterization of Lignin/Dendrimer Electrospun Blended Fiber Mats
Authors: Akbari Somaye , Bahi Addie , Farahani Ali , Milani Abbas , Ko Frank
Published: July 2020

Blending lignin as the second most abundant polymer in nature with nanostructured compounds such as dendritic polymers will not only add value to lignin, but also increase its application in various fields. In this study, softwood Kraft lignin/polyamidoamine dendritic polymer (PAMAM) blends were fabricated by solution electrospinning method to produce bead-free nanofiber mats. The mats were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), zeta potential, and thermogravimetry analysis (TGA). The chemical intermolecular interactions between lignin functional groups and abundant amino groups in PAMAM were investigated by FTIR and viscosity measurement. These interactions enhanced the mechanical and thermal characteristics of lignin/PAMAM mats, providing further potential applications at industry level.
Method for a Multi-vehicle, Simulation-based Life Cycle Assessment and Application to Berlin's Motorized Individual Transport
Authors: Syré Anne Magdalene , Heining Florian , Göhlich Dietmar
Published: July 2020

The transport sector in Germany causes one-quarter of energy-related greenhouse gas emissions. One potential solution to reduce these emissions is the use of battery electric vehicles. Although a number of life cycle assessments have been conducted for these vehicles, the influence of a transport system wide transition has not been researched sufficiently. Therefore, we developed a method which combines life cycle assessment with an agent-based transport simulation and synthetic electric, diesel and gasoline powered vehicle models. We use the transport simulation to obtain the number of vehicles, their lifetime mileage and road-specific consumption. Subsequently we analyze the product systems’ vehicle production, use phase and End-of-Life. The results are scaled depending on the covered distance, the vehicle weight and the consumption for the whole life cycle. The results indicate that the sole transition of drive trains is insufficient to significantly lower the greenhouse gas emissions. However, sensitivity analyses demonstrate that there is a considerable potential to reduce greenhouse gas emissions with higher shares of renewable energies, a different vehicle distribution and a higher lifetime mileage. The method facilitates the assessment of the ecological impacts of the complete car based transportation in urban agglomerations and is able to analyze different transport sectors.
Over-production of Therapeutic Growth Factors for Articular Cartilage Regeneration by Protein Production Platforms and Protein Packaging Cell Lines
Authors: Mobasheri Ali , Choi Heonsik , Martín-Vasallo Pablo
Published: July 2020

This review article focuses on the current state-of-the-art in the area of cellular and molecular biotechnology for over-production of clinically relevant therapeutic and anabolic growth factors. We discuss how the currently available tools and emerging technologies can be used for the regenerative treatment of osteoarthritis (OA). Transfected protein packaging cell lines such as GP-293 cells may be used as “cellular factories” for large-scale production of therapeutic proteins and pro-anabolic growth factors, particularly in the context of cartilage regeneration. However, when irradiated with gamma or x-rays, these cells lose their capacity for replication, which actually makes them safe for use as a live cell component of intra-articular injections. This innovation is already here, in the form of TissueGene-C, a new biological drug which consists of normal allogeneic primary chondrocytes combined with transduced GP2-293 cells that overexpress the growth factor transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1). TissueGene-C has revolutionized the concept of cell therapy, allowing drug companies to develop live cells as biological drug delivery systems for direct intra-articular injection of growth factors whose half-lives are in the order of minutes. Therefore, in this paper, we discuss the potential for new innovations in regenerative medicine for degenerative diseases of synovial joints using mammalian protein production platforms, specifically protein packaging cell lines, for over-producing growth factors for cartilage tissue regeneration and give recent examples. Mammalian protein production platforms that incorporate protein packaging eukaryotic cell lines are superior to prokaryotic bacterial expression systems and are likely to have a significant impact on the development of new humanized biological growth factor therapies for treating focal cartilage defects and more generally for the treatment of degenerative joint diseases such as OA, especially when injected directly into the joint.
“Mobility as a Service” Platforms: Using Digitalization to Increase the Sustainability of Transportation Systems
Authors: Cruz Carlos Oliveira , Sarmento Joaquim Miranda
Published: July 2020

Urban mobility is experiencing a profound change. On the one hand, mobility patterns are becoming more complex, and typical home-work-home travel is no longer the rule, as journeys now tend to connect multiple points in a rather inconstant pattern. This has changed the approach to transport planning, in that the existing transportation planning and operation approaches have been focussed on the ability to identify typical home-work/school-home travel and subsequently plan the transport system accordingly. The traditional approach has been: forecast -> plan -> deliver, as new mobility solutions are emerging. These are characterised by greater flexibility, in that they take advantage of the “sharing concept” and simultaneously provide solutions that have lower GHG emissions. Urban mobility follows a fuzzier pattern, with even the urban transportation system behaving like an active organism, where solutions are often quickly replaced. This dynamic and evolving environment raises several new challenges at different levels. The best digital solution system is the Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) one. This system transforms the physical transportation system into a commodity and takes advantage of the internet of things (IoT). However, the onset of MaaS solutions is anything but linear. Several business models have emerged, with different partners originating from different industries (e.g., technological, transport operators, infrastructure managers, etc.) developing their own solutions, often in competition with others. It is not unusual to find different MaaS solutions in the same city, which integrate different solutions.
Prevalence of Sub-clinical Mastitis and Associated Risk Factors at Cow Level in Dairy Farms in Southwestern Part of Bangladesh
Authors: Sayeed Md. Abu , Rahman Md. Ashikur , Bari Md. Saiful , Islam Ariful , Rahman Md. Mizanur , Hoque Md. Ahasanul
Published: July 2020

A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis (SCM) among medium to large scale household dairy farms in southwestern district, Jhenaidah, Bangladesh during July to December 2019. A total of 78 (n=100) lactating cows from household dairy farms (N=32) having three or more dairy cows were selected randomly as sampled populations. Milk samples were screened for SCM by using Surf Field Mastitis Test (SFMT). The prevalence of SCM varied among farm level [71.9% (95% CI: 53.3-86.3)], individual animal level [67.9% (95% CI: 56.4-86.3)] and quarter level [29.5% (95% CI: 24.5-34.9)]. Descriptive statistics represented the farmers and farm demography, characteristics of the sampled population, and overall management feature. Random Effect Logistic Regression identified, Body Condition Score (BCS) [OR=3.8 and 2.9, at cows level and quarter level respectively (BCS-2 vs. BCS-≥3)], and breed [OR=5.1 and 2.9, at cows level and quarter level respectively (HF× Sahiwal vs. HF × Local)] as potential risk factors. This study shows that SCM is highly prevalent in the study area, which is a major threat to the dairy industry's production performance. Regular screening by SFMT, proper hygiene, improve the management system, and farmer’s awareness is required to control the disease.
CleanPage: Fast and Clean Document and Whiteboard Capture
Authors: Courtney Jane
Published: July 2020

The move from paper to online is not only necessary for remote working, it is also significantly more sustainable. This trend has seen a rising need for high-quality digitization of content from pages and whiteboards to sharable online material. But capturing this information is not always easy, nor are the results always satisfactory. Available scanning apps vary in their usability and do not always produce clean results, retaining surface imperfections from the page or whiteboard in their output images. CleanPage, a novel smartphone-based document and whiteboard scanning system, is presented. CleanPage requires one button-tap to capture, identify, crop and clean an image of a page or whiteboard. Unlike equivalent systems, no user intervention is required during processing and the result is a high-contrast, low-noise image with a clean homogenous background. Results are presented for a selection of scenarios showing the versatility of the design. CleanPage is compared with two market leader scanning apps using two testing approaches: real paper scans and ground-truth comparisons. These comparisons are achieved by a new testing methodology that allows scans to be compared to unscanned counterparts, by using synthesized images. Real paper scans are tested using image quality measures. An evaluation of standard image quality assessments is included in this work and a novel quality measure for scanned images is proposed and validated. The user experience for each scanning app is assessed, showing CleanPage to be fast and easier to use.
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI RESPON PETANI TERHADAP TEKNOLOGI BUDIDAYA BAWANG MERAH RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI KABUPATEN TEGAL
Authors: Mardiyanto Tri Cahyo
Published: July 2020

Environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology in the onion development area in Central Java is one of the innovations to produce safe products and good quality seeds so that it will have a high competitiveness in the face of free markets such as the ASEAN Economic Community (MEA). However, this innovation to be implemented by all shallot farmers should be disseminated with the aim of accelerating  the  transfer  of  technological  innovation  to  users  (farmers,  extension officer,  and  rural  communities).  The  purpose  of  this  research  is:  (a)  to  know  the farmer's response about environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology and (b) to know determinant the factors of the farmer's response to the cultivation of environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology. Bottom of Form This research was conducted in 2016, in Tegal district, Central Java province with a sample of onion farmers. The analytic description method has been used in this research as the basic method, while the sampling method is purposive sampling on 40 onion farmers from 4 (four)  sub  districts  of  Kramat,  Dukuh  Turi,  Bojong,  and  Margasari.  Several  data analyzes in this study include: proportion test for hypothesis 1 and multiple linear regression analysis for hypothesis 2. In this study the final results used proportional analysis proved that many onion farmers (> 50%) in Tegal district have good response about the activities of environmentally friendly onion cultivation technology. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that farming time and farmer age significantly influenced farmer's response about environmentally friendly green onion cultivation technology, while education level significantly did not significantly    (α = 0,05).
HUBUNGAN PERSEPSI PETANI TERHADAP PERAN PENYULUH PERTANIAN LAPANGAN (PPL) DENGAN TINGKAT ADOPSI INOVASI RICE TRANSPLANTER DI KECAMATAN KEBAKKRAMAT KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Aprilia Riska , Lestari Eny , Utami Bekti Wahyu
Published: July 2020

This study aims to examine the role of extension workers in Kecamatan Kebakkramat. furthermore, this research is to examine the level of adoption of technological innovation  of rice transplanter and to analyze the relationship between farmers perceptions on the role of Agricultural Field Extension (PPL) with the level of adoption of rice transplanter innovation in Kecamatan Kebakkramat. The basic method of this research is quantitative descriptive method with survey technique. The location of this research is determined by purposive that is in District Kebakkramat Karanganyar Regency. Sampling was done by quota sampling with 60 respondents spread in three villages, Waru Village, Pulosari Village, and Nangsri Village, this is done because in these three villages have applied rice transplanter. The data analysis of this research using wide interval formula and rank spearman correlation analysis method (rs). The results shows that the perception of farmers on the role of extension workers as Educator (X1), Motivator (X2), Disseminator (X3), Supervisor (X4), and Facilitator (X5) in medium category or can be good. There is a significant correlation between the role of extension  agent  as  Motivator  (X2)  with  the  adoption  rate  of  rice  transplanter innovation is at 95% confidence level and the most significant correlation between extension agent role as Disseminator is at 99% (X3) level of trust. As for the role of Education (X1), Supervisor (X4), and Facilitator (X5) have no significant relationship with the adoption rate of rice transplanter innovation.
EFEKTIVITAS KOMUNIKASI ANTARPRIBADI PETANI DALAM BUDIDAYA PADI ORGANIK DI DESA GENTUNGAN KECAMATAN MOJOGEDANG KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR
Authors: Aji Wijang Prasetiyo , Suminah Suminah , Ihsaniyati Hanifah
Published: July 2020

This study aims to assess the factors that influence farmers' interpersonal communication in organic rice cultivation; assess the level of effectiveness of farmer interpersonal communication in organic rice cultivation; and analyze the influence of openness, empathy, attitudes and equality partially and simultaneously on the level of effectiveness of interpersonal communication of farmers in organic rice cultivation. The research location in Gentungan village, Mojogedang Subdistrict, Karanganyar Regency, with the consideration that Mojogedang Subdistrict has the highest organic rice production in Karanganyar Regency and Gentungan Village is the only village that has an organic rice certificate. This research was conducted using quantitative deskriptive method with census technique for all organic rice farmers who were certified with a total of 45 people. The data analysis used in this study is multiple linear regression. The results of the study indicate that; openness is included in the category of being quite open, empathy is included in the medium category, attitudes are included in the good category, and equality in the medium category; the level of effectiveness of interpersonal communication of farmers in organic rice cultivation is included in the high category; factors that influence interpersonal communication (openness, empathy, attitude and equality) simultaneously have a significant effect on the level of effectiveness of interpersonal communication while partially openness (X1), attitude (X3) and equality (X4) significantly influence the level of effectiveness interpersonal communication while empathy (X2) does not significantly influence the 95% confidence level.
Manajemen Memakmurkan Masjid Sebagai Upaya Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Religius (Studi Kasus Di Masjid At Taqwa Desa Batu, Kecamatan Karang Tengah Kabupaten Demak)
Authors: Rochanah Rochanah
Published: July 2020

Masjid adalah tempat manusia bersujud kepada Allah SWT, tempat manusia memanjatkan doa kepada Allah, dan tempat manusia mengingat Allah. Allah menyukai orang yang beribadah kepadanya di dalam masjid sehingga orang yang mendatangi masjid akan mendapat rahmat dan kasih sayang Allah. Pada saat ini, antusias kaum muslim untuk memakmurkan masjid kian menurun. Namun hal ini tidak seperti jamaah di masjid Batu Kecamatan Karangtengah Kabupaten Demak. Permasalahan yang peneliti angkat dalam penelitian ini yakni; a) Bagaimana manajemen yang dilakukan dalam rangka memakmurkan masjid sebagai tempat ibadah? b) Bagaimana respon masyarakat dalam mendukung upaya memakmurkan masjid? Penelitian ini adalah penelitian kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif-analitis. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa; pertama, manajemen yang dilakukan dalam rangka memakmurkan masjid sebagai upaya pemberdayaan masyarakat religius yakni; Menanamkan kesadaran pada masyarakat, memberi keleluasaan kepada anak kecil dalam mengunjungi masjid, mengisi masjid dengan kegiatan-kegiatan keagamaan. Kedua, respon masyarakat dalam mendukung upaya memakmurkan masjid sangatlah mendukung ditunjukkan dengan antusias masyarakat sekitar untuk mendirikan shalat berjamaah di masjid.
Menggagas Dakwah Maqashidi Untuk Kemaslahatan Umat (Pendekatan Maqashid Syari'ah dalam Dakwah)
Authors: Muhyiddin Ahmad Shofi , Badi’ati Alfi Qonita
Published: July 2020

Makalah ini akan membahas tentang konsep maqashid syariah sebagai pendekatan dakwah Islam dalam mewujudkan kemaslahatan umat. Dakwah Islam semestinya dipahami sebagai suatu aktivitas yang melibatkan proses transformasi yang memang tidak terjadi begitu saja, tapi membutuhkan kesadaran dari masyarakat untuk merubah situasi dan kondisi umat menuju kemaslahatan melalui pendidikan dan komunikasi yang berkelanjutan. Namun faktanya, dakwah Islam disinyalir belum memberikan kemaslahatan bagi umat manusia. Buktinya, dalam satu dasawarsa terakhir, beberapa tragedi kemanusiaan yang menyedihkan sekaligus mengkhawatirkan berlangsung silih berganti di Nusantara dikarenakan masyarakat sebagai mad'u belum mendapatkan kemaslahatan. Oleh karena itu, pertanyaan yang ingin dijawab dalam makalah ini adalah bagaimana dakwah mampu menjawab kebutuhan umat sehingga bisa membawa kemaslahatan?. Kajian dalam makalah ini Penelitian atau kajian ini menggunakan model penelitian kualitatif (kualitatif research) dengan teknik library research dan terfokus pada kajian dakwah Islam dengan pendekatan maqashid syariah. Hasil dari penelitian atau kajian ini adalah dakwah maqashidi berdasar ḥifẓ al-dīn bisa berupa jaminan dalam mempertahankan kebenaran dalam keyakinan, dan menjadi hak seseorang dalam menjalankan praktek ibadah yang ia yakini. Kemudian, dakwah maqashidi berdasar ḥifẓ al-nafs wa al-‘irḍ bisa berupa perlindungan hak asasi manusia dalam kehidupannya, dan perlindungan terhadap semua bentuk intimidasi. Dakwah maqashidi berdasar ḥifẓ al-’aql bisa berupa memperjuangkan hak untuk belajar, hak untuk mendapatkan informasi, dan hak kebebasan berpikir. Selanjutnya dakwah maqashidi berdasar ḥifẓ al-’nasl dapat diimplementasikan dalam bentuk menjaga hak asasi anak dengan cara menyiapkan generasi yang paling baik, sehat dari penyakit fisik dan psikologis. Dan terakhir dakwah maqashidi berdasar ḥifẓ al-māl diwujudkan dengan cara menciptakan kesejahteraan umum dalam aspek sosio-ekonomi.
MENSTRUASI: PENGETAHUAN DAN PENGALAMAN SISWA SD NEGERI PRAWOTO 01
Authors: Fadella Cheppy , Jamaludin Didi Nur
Published: July 2020

Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendiskripsikan pengetahuan dan pengalaman menstruasi siswa Sekolah Dasar (SD) Negeri Prawoto 01, dengan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif jenis studi kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan sampel sebanyak 63 siswa dari seluruh populasi siswa perempuan kelas  IV, V dan VI. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian,rata-rata 14% siswa mengetahui menstruasi, 35% sedikit mengetahui mensruasi,  5I% siswa tidak memiliki pengetahuan sedikitpun tentang menstruasi. Faktor yang mempengerahui sedikitnya pengetahuan tentang pendidikan mentruasi disebabkan karena keterbatasan informasi diantaranya dari oran tua,  guru dan pengalaman pribadi. Hasil penelitian dari pengalaman menstruasi  menunjukkan bahwa rata-rata 11% siswa SD telah mengalami menstruasi dengan rincian mulai kelas IV sebanyak 13%, kelas V  sebanyak 5% dan kelas VI sebanyak 15%. Oleh sebab itu  menjadikan pendidikan menstruasi perlu dikembangkan di Sekolah Dasar dengan melibatkan peserta didik dan orangtua.

Kata kunci:  menstruasi, sekolah dasar,  pengetahuan dan pengalaman  
Konseling Behavioral: Solusi Alternatif Mengatasi Bullying Anak Di Sekolah
Authors: Nasir Amin
Published: July 2020

Salah satu fenomena yang menyita perhatian di dunia pendidikan zaman sekarang adalah Bullying di sekolah, baik yang dilakukan oleh guru terhadap siswa, maupun oleh siswa terhadap siswa lainya. Padahal Semua orang tua menginginkan anak-anak mereka aman di sekolah, dan semua pendidik dan penyelenggara pendidikan juga ingin menyediakan lingkungan sekolah yang aman bagi anak-anak yang belajar di sekolah tersebut. Bullying di sekolah merupakan perilaku bermasalah di kalangan remaja, yang sangat berpengaruh terhadap prestasi sekolah, keterampilan prososial, dan kesejahteraan psikologis bagi korban dan pelaku. Oleh karena itu diperlukan alternative solusi untuk mengatasi Bullying anak di sekolah dengan konselingkonseling behavioral. Konseling behavioral membantu anak untuk belajar memecahkan masalah interpersonal, emosional dan kepentingan tertentu.

Kata Kunci : Bullying, alternative solusi, konseling behavioral
Pancasila sebagai Dasar Pembangunan Hukum Di Indonesia
Authors: Ismayawati Any
Published: July 2020

This paper aims to examine the urgency of Pancasila in the National Law Development Therefore, why Pancasila should be guided in every formation of law in Indonesia. How does the philosophical foundation of Pancasila use as a guide in the development of national law and what its juridical basis.

Pancasila is the ideology of the Indonesian nation, is a crystallization of the noble values of the Indonesian nation derived from religious values and customary values, believed to be true, and became the basis and guidance of the behavior of the Indonesian nation in the life, nation and state. Based on that, Pancasila becomes the philosophical foundation of the development of national law because the law can be enforced and effective if the law is based on religious values, customs values and state law. In addition, the foundation of the Pancasila state is the source of all sources of law in Indonesia so that it becomes the necessity of Pancasila as the philosophical foundation in the development of law in Indonesia.

the legal basis for the use of Pancasila as the foundation / guideline in the development of national law is included in Law Number 10 of 2004 on the Establishment of Legislation which is later enhanced by Law Number 12 Year 2011 on the Establishment of Laws and Regulations. In Article 2 of Law Number 12 of 2011 explicitly stated that Pancasila is the source of all sources of law. the contents of Article 2 implies that in the formation of any legislation should not conflict with the values contained in the principles of Pancasila
ANALISIS FATWA MUI TAHUN 2007 TENTANG SEPULUH KRITERIA ALIRAN SESAT
Authors: Al Hamat Anung
Published: July 2020

Indonesian Muslims are the most numerous in number. They  are majority. But the irony, it is also so easy for distorted and perverted sects to grow and develop in this country. There have been many communities contaminated by preverted insights that can harm both in religious life nor the State. In order to control and fortify the creed of muslims, then MUI (the Muslims scholars of Indonesia) issues  decision or fatwa about Ten Criteria of Perverted Sects.

The focus problem in this research is describing and analysing the ten criteria of a perverted sects decided by MUI on Novemver 6, 2017 in the aspect of thought and law. So it can be excavated various preversions in the criteria that have been decided by the Center of MUI along with the status of law. The expectation for the next, the public can be careful and wary from preverted insight, and so they were freed from various forms of error and deviations.
ANALISIS KITAB AL MUSTASHFA KARYA AL GHAZALI
Authors: Hadi Sholikhul
Published: July 2020

end of the second and third centuries, Imam Muhammad bin
Idris Asy-syafi'i (150-204 H) founder of the Shafi'i school,
appeared in concocting, systematizing and recording the usul fiqh.
He was the first to record the science of ushul fiqh with his book
entitled Al-Risalah. The ushul fiqh analysts say that during the
fourth time the imam of the school, ushul fiqh finds its perfect form,
so that later generations tend to choose and use the method
according to the case faced in their own time. In particular the
book of Al Mustashfa is interesting to peel, because the book is
composed not only by using Shafi'iyyah method but also other
approaches such as philosophy and tasawuf.
Динамика антител к различным антигенам коронавируса SARS-CoV-2 у больных с подтвержденной инфекцией Covid-19.
Authors: Комбарова Светлана , Алешкин Андрей , Новикова Лидия , Бочкарева Светлана , Карпов Олег , Пулин Андрей , Орлова Оксана , Дятлов Иван , Бикетов Сергей , Панферцев Евгений , Горбатов Алексей , Лебедин Юрий
Published: July 2020

Антитела IgG- и IgM-класса были исследованы в венозной крови 76 пациентов с подтвержденным по ПЦР и/или КТ наличием вируса SARS-CoV-2, в том числе 61 больной обследовались в динамике. Определение антител к SARS-CoV-2 проводилось методом ИФА с использованием отечественных диагностических тест-систем с сорбированными в лунках планшета как цельновирионными частицами SARS-CoV-2, так и рекомбинантными белками вируса. Результаты исследований выражались в виде коэффициента позитивности. Сероконверсия как IgM- так и IgG-антител наблюдалась к первой неделе заболевания, что было зафиксировано при использовании всех 6 иммуноферментных тест-систем. Была отмечена различная динамика выработки IgG- и IgM-антител к N-белку нуклеокапсида и к RBD – основному домену S-белка. Характерная динамика уровня IgG-антител, измеренная с помощью тест-системы с сорбированными цельным вирионом или рекомбинантными S-белком или RBD (но не с N-белком), позволяет судить о продолжительности заболевания (то есть сроке от момента инфицирования), что может иметь диагностическое значение.
SPICES PLANT AS BIOINSECTICIDES FOR CONTROLLING MAIZE WEEVIL SITOPHILUS ZEAMAIS (MOSTCH) Pemanfaatan Tanaman Rempah sebagai Pestisida Nabati untuk Penanggulangan Hama Kumbang Bubuk Jagung Sitophilus zeamais (Mostch)
Authors: Arrahman Ayyub , Saenong Muhammad Sudjak
Published: July 2020

Indonesia has numerous and varied natural resources of spices plant which grow at almost all theregions. These plants can grow and adapt to the slightly diverse agroecological conditions and agroecosystems, from dry to wet. In general, the utilization of these plants by the community is still limited as ingredients and spices for culinary and flavoring instead of the potential of bioactive compounds contained therein. These resourcesare very useful and effective utilized asbioinsecticides to eradicate plant pests and diseases, as well as medicine for human. This paper discussed the benefits and efficacy of several spiceplants, namely lemongrass, shallots, garlic, sweet and chili peppers, clove, sand ginger (kencur), and pepper as herbicides at various levels of dosage and treatments. This manuscript also discussed the constraints and development strategies, and aimed to provide information on the science and technology in controlling the Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch) pests in corn kernels during the storage period. It is expected that this paper would be useful for the policy makers, academicians, researchers and practitioners who have the competence to deal with beetle pest problems.

Keywords: Spices, bioinsecticides, Sitophilus zeamais (Motsch), controlling

 

Abstrak

Tanaman rempah yang tumbuh di hampir seluruh wilayah Indonesia sangat beragam. Tanaman ini beradaptasi pada berbagai agroekologi dan agroekosistem, mulai dari wilayah beriklim kering sampai beriklim basah. Pemanfaatan tanaman ini oleh masyarakat umumnya masih terbatas sebagai bahan rempah dan bumbu kuliner, penyedap masakan dan cita rasa, padahal senyawa bioaktif yang terkandung di dalamnya potensial sebagai pestisida nabati untuk membasmi hama penyakit tanaman dan bahan obat kesehatan manusia. Tulisan ini membahas manfaat dan kemanjuran dari beberapa tanaman rempah, yakni tanaman sereh, bawang merah, bawang putih, lombok merah, cengkeh, kencur, dan lada sebagai pestsisida nabati dalam berbagai dosis dan ragam perlakuan. Kendala dan strategi pengembangan pestisida nabati bagi penggulangan hama kumbang bubuk perlu mendapat perhatian yang tidak saja untuk kepentingan masyarakat luas, namun diperlukan sebagai informasi ilmu dan teknologi penanganan hama secara terpadu.

Kata kunci: tanaman rempah, bioinsektisida, hama kumbang bubuk, pengendalian
POTENSI DAN TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN KOMODITAS AREN SEBAGAI PRODUK PANGAN DAN NONPANGAN / Potential and Technology Processing of Palm Sugar Commodity As Food and Non-Food Products
Authors: Barlina Rindengan , Liwu Suzanne , Manaroinsong Engelbert
Published: July 2020

The area of palm sugar plantations in Indonesia is estimated at 61,924 ha, which is spread over 26 provinces. The area of palm sugar plants increased by an average of 2.0% per year with a production growth rate of 1.9% per year. Generally, the main product expected is the neera (which is tapped from spadix). In its development, other parts of the sugar palm plant began to be glimpsed, because it has an impact on increasing the added value of commodities. This paper aims to express the potential of palm sugar as a source of raw materials for processing various products, especially food products. Like just a coconut plant, the sugar palm plant can also be dubbed the tree of life because all parts can be utilized. Neera as the main product, whose production can reach 8-22 liters/tree/day is the raw material for processing sugar. Besides that it can be processed into palm wine and soft drinks. Palm stems (pith parts) can be processed into starch and production can reach 60-70 kg / tree. Sugar palm starch can substitute flour in the processing of biscuits, MP-ASI, noodles and as raw material for edible films. Whereas the fruit can be processed into the kolang kaling and can be further processed into various products. Food product processing technology from palm sugar is available, so it is expected to increase the variety of food products, while improving consumer health and farmers’ incomes.

Keywords: Sugar palm, potential, processing, product

 

Abstrak

Luas areal tanaman aren di Indonesia diperkirakan 61.924 ha yang tersebar pada 26 propinsi. Areal tanaman aren bertambah rata-rata 2,0% dengan laju pertumbuhan produksi 1,9% per tahun. Produk utama yang diharapkan dari aren adalah nira yang disadap dari mayang. Dalam perkembangannya, bagian-bagian lain dari tanaman aren mulai dilirik, karena juga memiliki nilai tambah. Naskah ini mengemukakan potensi tanaman aren sebagai sumber bahan baku berbagai produk, terutama pangan. Seperti halnya kelapa, tanaman aren juga dapat dijuluki sebagai tanaman serbaguna karena semua bagian tanaman dapat dimanfaatkan. Nira sebagai produk utama aren memiliki produktivitas antara 8-22 liter/pohon/hari dan merupakan bahan baku gula cetak, gula cair, dan gula semut. Selain itu, nira aren dapat diolah menjadi palm wine dan minuman ringan. Batang aren (bagian empulur) dapat diolah menjadi pati dengan produktivitas 60-70 kg/pohon. Pati aren dapat mensubstitusi tepung terigu dalam pembuatan biskuit, makanan pelengkap air susu ibu, mie, dan bahan baku edible film. Buah aren umumnya diolah menjadi kolang kaling dan dapat diproses lebih lanjut menjadi berbagai produk. Teknologi pengolahan produk pangan dari aren telah tersedia, yang diharapkan dapat menambah keragaman produk pangan, sekaligus meningkatkan kesehatan konsumen dan pendapatan petani.

Kata kunci: Aren, potensi, pengolahan, produk
New ichnofabrics of the Cenomanian–Danian Chalk Group
Authors: Blinkenberg Kasper H. , Lauridsen Bodil W. , Knaust Dirk , Stemmerik Lars
Published: July 2020

The Cenomanian–Danian Chalk Group of NW Europe is characterized by distinct trace-fossil assemblages dominated by Thalassinoides isp., Planolites isp., Zoophycos isp., and Chondrites isp., whereas ichnogenera such as Taenidium and Phycosiphon are rare. The trace fossils form a complex tiering arrangement, which reflects burrowing activities of diverse benthic associations that operate at different levels in the sediment column, dynamic sedimentation rates, and changes in substrate hardness during progressive burial, forming intricate ichnofabrics. In the Danish Basin, studies of chalk ichnofabrics have focused mainly on the Maastrichtian. Studies of the shallower, grain-rich Danian chalk have revealed similar trace-fossil assemblages, whereas the ichnology of the fine-grained, deeper-water Danian deposits is poorly known. Based on detailed facies and ichnofabric analysis of a mid-Danian silica-rich, pelagic chalk located in the central, deeper shelf area of the Danish Basin, four facies types, eight ichnotaxa, and two ichnofabrics are recognized. Most conspicuous and abundant are randomly distributed, variously sized meniscate burrows attributed to Bichordites isp. and Taenidium isp., whereas other common chalk trace fossils are rare or absent. This trace-fossil assemblage outlines two new ichnofabrics in the NW European chalk, which are dominated principally by upper-tier traces. The producer of the abundant Bichordites isp. and Taenidium isp. burrows is identified as a sea urchin on the basis of an exceptionally preserved Bichordites isp. trace aligned with an irregular echinoid body fossil. The identified ichnofabrics controlled early silicification and produced a more complex distribution of silica concretions compared with chalk successions elsewhere. This results in volumetrically thick silica concretion-rich units rather than distinctive silica bands as seen in other Upper Cretaceous and Danian chalk units.
El cine detectivesco de Cifesa a través de sus personajes
Authors:   Universitat Politècnica de València, Chenovart González Jorge
Published: July 2020

El cine español tiene como referente fundamental en su historia a la productora valenciana Cifesa. Su producción se caracterizó por una fuerte apuesta por contenidos costumbristas, en ocasiones de corte folclórico, así como por enaltecer los valores patrios a través de películas de corte histórico. La presente investigación ahonda en un determinado sector de obras de corte detectivesco, las cuales supusieron pequeñas rarezas en la producción de la compañía. Las películas fueron cuatro: El 13-13, Eloísa está debajo de un almendro, La culpa del otro y El Clavo. Para entender cuáles son los modelos de representación del cine detectivesco en Cifesa, se analizarán los personajes a través de diferentes metodologías: estudio actancial, formación del personaje e instantes narrativos esenciales. De esta manera, se podrá comprender cómo se enfocó en Cifesa, la investigación detectivesca en sus diferentes vertientes: comedia, drama, surrealismo o tragedia, entre otras.