bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Short memory or long memory: an empirical survey of daily rainfall data
Authors: Yusof F. , Kane I. L.
Published: October 2012

Abstract. A short memory process that encounters occasional structural breaks in mean can show a slower rate of decay in the autocorrelation function and other properties of fractional integrated I (d) processes. In this paper we employed a procedure for estimating the fractional differencing parameter in semi parametric contexts proposed by Geweke and Porter-Hudak to analyze nine daily rainfall data sets across Malaysia. The results indicate that all the data sets exhibit long memory. Furthermore, an empirical fluctuation process using the Ordinary Least Square (OLS) based cumulative sum (CUSUM) test with F-statistic for the break date were applied, break dates were detected in all data sets. The data sets were partitioned according to their respective break date and further test for long memory was applied for all subseries. Results show that all subseries follows the same pattern with the original series. The estimate of the fractional parameters d1 and d2 on the subseries obtained by splitting the original series at the break-date, confirms that there is a long memory in the DGP. Therefore this evidence shows a true long memory not due to structural break.
Technical Note: An open source library for processing weather radar data (wradlib)
Authors: Heistermann M. , Jacobi S. , Pfaff T.
Published: November 2012

Abstract. The potential of weather radar observations for hydrological and meteorological research and applications is undisputed, particularly with increasing world-wide radar coverage. However, several barriers impede the use of weather radar data. These barriers are of both scientific and technical nature. The former refers to inherent measurement errors and artefacts, the latter to aspects such as reading specific data formats, geo-referencing, visualisation. The radar processing library wradlib is intended to lower these barriers by providing a free and open source tool for the most important steps in processing weather radar data for hydro-meteorological and hydrological applications. Moreover, the community-based development approach of wradlib allows scientists to share their knowledge about efficient processing algorithms and to make this knowledge available to the weather radar community in a transparent, structured and well-documented way.
Cryocompression Therapy after Elective Arthroplasty of the Hip
Authors: Leegwater Nick C. , Willems Jore H. , Brohet Richard , Nolte Peter A.
Published: October 2012

Pneumatic compression and cryotherapy have been successfully being employed in the management of acute tissue damage. The Game Ready System (GRS) combines cyclic compression and cryotherapy. No randomised controlled trial has been performed on the effects of combined cyclic compression and cryotherapy in total hip arthroplasty (THA).

We observed postoperative pain, morphine usage, blood loss, wound discharge, patient and medical staff satisfaction, together with the feasibility of a cryocompression machine, total hospital admission time, infection rate, deep vein thrombosis, and short-term prosthesis related problems in this context. Thirty patients, mean age 68 yrs (range 31–83 yrs) undergoing elective hip arthroplasty for end-stage osteoarthritis were included. Control patients (n = 15) received a tricot compression bandage alone, and patients studied received a tricot compression bandage plus intermittent cryocompression therapy 15 times for 30 minutes.

Haemoglobin levels on postoperative day (POD) 1 dropped 2.34 mmol/L in the control group and 1.87 mmol/L in the intervention group (p = 0.027). At POD 3 haemoglobin levels were reduced by 2.63 and 2.16 respectively (p = 0.646). A trend occurred towards lower morphine usage, shorter hospital admission time and less wound discharge in the study group. No difference was found in postoperative pain scores. One event of deep venous thrombosis occurred in the control group. Intermittent cryocompression therefore appears to reduce postoperative blood loss. A trend towards less analgesic use, shorter hospital stay, less wound discharge and less pain at 6 weeks postoperatively was also observed.
Editorial No.62
Authors: Rivas Alvaro
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.854 Wani No.62 2010 pp.1
Los idiomas mesoamericanos de Nicaragua en el contexto Centroamericano
Authors: Salamanca Danilo
Published: October 2012

Este artículo es el informe de una investigación sobre los idiomas mesoamericanos que se hablaron en Nicaragua. Además de inventariar y recopilar las fuentes de información sobre las lenguas y las culturas indígenas mesoamericanas de Nicaragua (chorotega, nicarao y subtiava), la investigación comprendió también visitas a Costa Rica, Honduras y El Salvador, para conocer mejor las investigaciones y esfuerzos de revitalización cultural y lingüística existentes en esos países, especialmente aquellos que conciernen a pueblos mesoamericanos afines a los de Nicaragua. También se incluyen las iniciativas de colaboración que surgieron de esos contactos y algunas de las maneras en que el trabajo iniciado podría ser continuado y expandido. 1. LENGUAS INDIGENAS-INVESTIGACIONES-AMERICA CENTRAL 2. LINGÜÍSTICA-INFORMES-AMERICA CENTRAL 3. CULTURAS INDIGENAS-AMERICA CENTRAL-FUENTESDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.855 Wani No.62 2010 pp.6-18Patitara yapti bila aisanka nani kau Nicaragua ra ba Centroamérica aisanka nani tilara Naha ulbanka na Nicaragua ra patitara yapti bila aisanka nani kau bara yaba tanka pliki- turbi kaikanka kum daukan sturka nani dukiara aisisa. Pliki-turbi kaikanka ba wal, Nicaragua ra blasi ulbanka wauhkataya tilara patitara yapti bila aisanka (chorotegas, nicarao bara subtiava) nani dukiara aisan yaba pliki saki brin baman apia, purkara pliki- turbi kaikanka wark ka daukan ba Costa Rica, Honduras bara Salvador ra sim luwi wih pliki-turbi kaikan, baha kuntrika nanira pliki-turbi kaikaia wark ka nani, baku sim tauwan iwanka natka bara bila aisanka nani tiwi auya ba kli raki bukaia wark ka nani dauki ba kau param tanka briaia mata, kau pali ba Nicaragua ra patitara uplika kyamka nani bara ba wal ai mapla bri daknika nani tilara. Baku sin naha ulbanka ra marikisa baha uplika aikuki asla takan ba tilara pana pana pramis takan naika pyuwara baha muna tanka pliki-turbi kaikanka daukaia lainka ra bakahnu asla taki wark takaia pramis ka nani daukan ba baku sim wark nani pat ta krikan ba nahki nikbi briwaia ba tanka nani sim.MesoamericaindianbalnaNicaragua sauni yak Centroamericakapatkalnakidi Adikarawaswiyaknaadikalaih mesoamericatuniyulwabalna Nicaragua sauni yak yuyulwadaiyulnikiwalwitalna as ki. Anawiyakna as dawak bik tuni yapak dai dawak mesoamerica innidian amput yalahwa lani balna walwi talna as ki (chorotega, nicarao y subtiava) balna yulni, adika walwi talna yak Costa Rica, Honduras dawak Salvador saunibalna yak bik watwi talna as yamna kat kaput laih baisa yamni yalahwa lani balna dawak tuni yulwa balna bang ki di amanglanin sip dai, kau palni kidi mesoamerica sulani balna Nicaragua sauni yak watna kukulwa kidi yak. Kaput bik adika munah tanit yak kiunin sip ki adika warkni yak.
Definiendo al indígena salvadoreño
Authors: Lemus Jorge E
Published: October 2012

Salvador ra patitara uplika kyamka kaia tanka Naha ulbanka ra, ulbanka dauki waiknika ba trai kaikisa makabanka kum ra ansa munaia. Baha ba naha sa: ¿Salvador uplika nani ba dia maplika wal patitara uplika kyamka nani kulkanka alkaia sip sa ? Baha makabi walan ka ansa munaia tanira rul satka 8 nani bapi marikisa nahki Salvador ra patitara uplika wina takan kyamka nani ba maplika sakaia. Naha muna daukaia lukanka sakan ba sika nitka laka barasa rul nani bapanka plaika baku ridi dauki bri kaia Salvador ra patitara uplika kyamka nani ba nahki maplika sakaia sip kabia sapa sakaia. Trabilka taki ba sika, naha uplika nani Salvador ra ai iwanka natka nani sut tiki luwan, wibia kaka yapti bila aisanka, kwalka dimra wihta, ai Dawan ra pura sunra laka bara ai natka wala nani sut tiki luwan. Bbaha taka naiwa pyuwara Salvador ra ba campesino kum, apiakra Salvador uplika wala nani kum wihki patitara uplika kyamka kun ba wal sut sim sat kaikisa. Naha ulbanka ra alki ba pat baha muna rulka tara nani bapan ba, Salvador kuntrika ra Pipiles kyamka nani laka bapan nani ba baku sin warkka daukan wainika tauwan nani bilara ai warkka nani dauki tauki tilara uplika iwanka nani tanka kaikkan dukia nani brih wina daukan sa.Salvador innidianbalnayulni Adika yulni parahni rawaswi yakna akat warkni yamyang adika kulnin lani duwi yulwi dakana balna as kidi yak nangnit lana atnin¿salvador innidianbalnakidiaisyaklauwilaihdiyakwi? Kidi yak nangnit lanin kat kulnin lani tiaskau bas yakwi salvador innidian kapat amang lanin yulni. Adika kulnin lani adika laih kalahna ki amput dawi Salvador innidian balna yulni amang lanin yulni. Kat adika sulani balna kidi yalahwa lani balna laih palni awaski yulnin kat witingna yalalahwa lani didisna palniki, yulnin kat tuni yulwa, asnina kakawa, sutslainni yak dawak lanina balna bik laih palni yuldarang kat witingna kidi indian kapat taldaski indian as dawi salvador isnipayul karak. Adika yulni wauhnitaya akat laih yakwi yulwi sulani as tannika yulni, pipil muihni balna tannika yulwa kaupak laihwi talwi kaput bik kulwi talna as munah adika amanglanin kulnin yamwi muihni balna yalahwa lani pas yak kawi dawak amput lalah lainni munah satuk kalahwa kidi. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.858 Wani No.62 2010 pp.48-61
Dos publicaciones sobre la lengua rama
Authors: Murillo José Manuel
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v62i0.861 Wani No.62 2010 pp.82-83
La consulta comunitaria y la explotación de los recursos en la Costa
Authors: Rivas Alvaro
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v63i0.863 Wani No.63 2010 pp.1
Petróleo: el inicio sin fin, una gran paradoja. ¿Vale la pena correr tanto riesgo?
Authors: Valle Iris
Published: October 2012

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/wani.v63i0.866 Wani No.63 2010 pp.24-30
Effects of Fatigue on Balance and Mobility in Subjects with Multiple Sclerosis: A Brief Report
Authors: Gervasoni Elisa , Cattaneo Davide , Montesano Angelo , Jonsdottir Johanna
Published: October 2012

Purpose. People with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) tent to have increased levels of fatigue which can impact on their balance and increase risk of falls. However, the relationship between fatigue and balance is poorly understood. The aim of the present study was to assess if an experimentally induced fatigue had an immediate effect on balance.
Methods. 37 inpatients with multiple sclerosis were recruited; the mean age (standard deviation) was 48.7 (9.6) years. The average onset of the pathology was 15.3 (9.8) years before the start of the study. The median (1°–3° quartile) Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) score was 5.5 (4.5–6.0). Before and after a fatiguing treadmill, session, subjects were assessed with the Berg Balance Scale and Dynamic Gait Index. Results. After the treadmill, no statistically significant differences were found in balance before and after a treadmill session (monopodalic stance: before 5.3s (10.3) and after 7.7s (13.9); walk with horizontal head turns: before 11.6 (6.9) seconds and after 11.3 (7.7)). There was no correlation between the EDSS score and the difference in balance skills before and after treadmill. Conclusion. After treadmil PwMS were mentally and physically fatigued; however, their balance performance did not change, indicating no increase in risk of falling with fatigue.
Thermal Expansion Behaviour of Ternary Nickel-Based, Cobalt-Based, and Iron-Based Alloys Containing Very High Fractions of Carbides
Authors: Berthod Patrice , Aranda Lionel
Published: October 2012

Some of the wear-resistant pieces or coatings, constituted of a metallic matrix and of carbides present in high fractions, are a mix, in similar quantities, of two materials displaying greatly different levels of hardness but also of thermal expansion coefficient. When temperature increases, the second difference of property may lead to particular geometrical behaviours. To study these differences, nine nickel-based, cobalt-based, and iron-based alloys containing very high quantities of carbides were elaborated by foundry. In their as-cast conditions, the microstructures of these alloys were characterized; their hardness and thermal expansion until 1200°C were measured and analysed, with regard to the evolution of the structures predicted by thermodynamic calculations. The hardness of the alloys is high (nickel alloys) or very high (cobalt and iron alloys, 600 Hv and more) while the thermal expansion is greatly influenced by carbides, notably when temperature has become very high. Some of the variations of thickness at the end of heating or during an isothermal stage at 1200°C, essentially contraction, directly result from the mechanical interaction between matrix and carbides which was accumulated during the heating.
Numerical Implementations for 2D Lid-Driven Cavity Flow in Stream Function Formulation
Authors: Poochinapan K.
Published: October 2012

The aim of this paper is to study the properties of approximations to nonlinear terms
of the 2D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in the stream function formulation (time-dependent
biharmonic equation). The nonlinear convective terms are numerically solved by
using the method with internal iterations, compared to the ones which are solved by using
explicit and implicit schemes (operator splitting scheme Christov and Marinova; (2001)). Using schemes and algorithms,
the steady 2D incompressible flow in a lid-driven cavity is solved up to Reynolds number Re
=5000 with second-order spatial accuracy. The schemes are thoroughly validated on
grids with different resolutions. The result of numerical experiments shows that the finite difference
scheme with internal iterations on nonlinearity is more efficient for the high Reynolds number.
How to Improve Reprocessing of Flexible Endoscopes Nationwide? Data from the German Colorectal Cancer Screening Program
Authors: Fröhlich Eckhart , Leiß Ottmar , Muller Reinhold
Published: October 2012

Background and Aims. International studies revealed prevalences of around 50% of microbiological contaminations in reprocessed flexible endoscopes. In Germany a system was installed where the qualification for refund for colonoscopies was made conditional on successfully passing twice annually a microbiological surveillance test of reprocessed endoscopes. This study is an implementation and outcome evaluation as well as a general discussion of the quality assessment assurance in colonoscopy in Germany.Methods. German data from 2003–2008 were analysed: number of endoscopic units performing therapeutic and/or screening colonoscopies; results of all microbiological surveillance tests of reprocessing quality; number of failed surveillance tests and retests; number of qualifications for refund from the public health system cancelled due to repeated failure of microbiological surveillance tests.Results. After the introduction of the quality assessment assurance, the percentage of failed microbiological surveillance tests dropped significantly and steadily from close to 17% to below 5%.Conclusions. This study evidences (1st) the successful implementation of the quality assessment assurance in Germany and (2nd) a substantial improvement in the quality of reprocessing flexible endoscopes achieved by these measures.
Posterior Cord of Brachial Plexus and Its Branches: Anatomical Variations and Clinical Implication
Authors: Rastogi Rakhi , Budhiraja Virendra , Bansal Kshitij
Published: October 2012

Background. Knowledge of anatomical variations of posterior cord and its branches is important not only for the administration of anaesthetic blocks but also for surgical approaches to the neck, axilla, and upper arm. The present study aimed to record the prevalence of such variations with embryological explanation and clinical implication.
Material and Method. 37 formalin-preserved cadavers, that is, 74 upper extremities from the Indian population, constituted the material for the study. Cadavers were dissected during routine anatomy classes for medical undergraduate. Dissection includes surgical incision in the axilla, followed by retraction of various muscles, to observe and record the formation and branching pattern of posterior cord of brachial plexus. Results. Posterior cord was formed by union of posterior division of C5 and C6 roots with posterior division of middle and lower trunk (there was no upper trunk) in 16.2% of upper extremities. Posterior cord of brachial plexus was present lateral to the second part of axillary artery in 18.9% of upper extremities. Axillary nerve was taking origin from posterior division of upper trunk in 10.8% upper extremities and thoracodorsal nerve arising from axillary nerve in 22.9% upper extremities. Conclusion. It is important to be aware of such variations while planning a surgery in the region of axilla as these nerves are more liable to be injured during surgical procedures.
Therapie mit Dabigatran
Authors: Bauersachs R. , Debus E. S. , Gawaz M. , Gerlach H. , Haas S. , Hach-Wunderle V. , Lindhoff-Last E. , Riess H. , Schellong S. , Schinzel H. , Bode C. , Spannagl M.
Published: October 2012

Summary Dabigatran, an oral, reversible direct factor IIa inhibitor, is approved in Europe for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and for the prevention of venous thromboembolism after elective hip and knee replacement. In contrast to vitamin K antagonists, a routine coagulation monitoring during the treatment with dabigatran etexilate is not necessary. However, in specific clinical situations such as invasive emergency procedures or serious haemorrhage, the actual anticoagulant status of dabigatran may be of importance for the treating clinician and can be assessed by clotting tests (aPTT, TT, ECT). The diluted thrombin time test (Hemoclot®), which is specifically calibrated for dabigatran, is useful for quantitative determination of the dabigatran serum concentration. In general, discontinuation of dabigatran etexilate 24 hours before standard elective surgery is sufficient to normalise the bleeding risk in patients with normal renal function. In patients with renal impairment and/or in the case of a high bleeding risk procedure the recommended duration of discontinuation is prolonged. If a bleeding episode occurs in a patient on dabigatran, further treatment should be based on the severity and localisation of the bleeding. A distinct feature of dabigatran is the possibility of effectively removing dabigatran from the circulation by haemodialysis. Recommendation: In the case of clinically minor bleedings, a delay in the administration of the next dabigatran etexilate dose is recommended. The length of the delay is based on the patient’s individual thromboembolic risk. In minor bleedings the use of prothrombin complex concentrates is not indicated. In the case of moderate or major bleedings the main focus should be on stabilising the circulation by using fluids and blood products and, if a lesion can be identified, the local treatment thereof. If time and infrastructure is available, dialysis offers an effective and fast option to remove dabigatran out of the circulation. In the incidence of severe and life threatening bleedings, an additional, more complex haemostasis management is required. Besides haemodynamic stabilisation of the circulation, administration of prothrombin complex concentrates should not be delayed. It has to be kept in mind that standard laboratory coagulation parameters may not accurately reflect the effect of prothrombin complex concentrates in patients on dabigatran. Hence the effect of the prothrombin complex concentrate should be monitored clinically and adjusted by means of onset of coagulation in vivo.
Nutritive Value and Sensory Evaluation of Airline Breakfast
Authors: Sachithananthan Vedavalli , Buzgeia Mohammed , Khalifa Emberika , Hamid Najwa Abdul
Published: October 2012

Purpose/Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the nutritive value of Libyan airline breakfast in comparison with the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) and to conduct sensory evaluation of selected items on board the flights.

Design/Methodology: Food samples were collected from the catering department of Benina International airport, Benghazi, Libya for a period of two months and nutritive value was calculated. A self administered questionnaire prepared on the basis of the Hedonic scale was used for inflight sensory evaluation of selected snacks.

Findings: The results on nutritive value of snacks revealed higher amounts of energy, carbohydrates, saturated fat and sodium in comparison to the RDA when the full day’s meal was considered. Micronutrients such as vitamins A, E, C and folic acid fell short of RDA. Sensory evaluation revealed that a majority of the travelers disliked most of the breakfast items except juice.

Practical implications: The airline needs to improve the micronutrient content of snacks, simultaneously reducing the total energy and sodium content and replacing saturated fat to prevent health risks to regular airline passengers. Also palatability need not be compromised in light of safety of food items served.
Blog: ferramenta estratégica de comunicação organizacional
Authors: Tassigny Mônica Mota , Brasil Marcus Vinicius de Oliveira , Bugarim Maria Clara , Nogueira Fábio Luiz Benício Maia
Published: October 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198346594809This study aimed to discuss the general importance of the blogs as a tool for internal and external organizational communication, highlighting as a new mode of communication that can help the information management and build a competitive corporate image, motivating the workforce customer loyalty. It is a case study, qualitative in nature, a literature review, a documentary and a field research. The documentary research was done in a site related to GoogleDocs tool. In the field research was used content analysis. As a result, it is observed that companies are implementing organizational communication processes more participative and strategic. From this perspective, it was concluded that blogs are tools with organizational power of instant two-way communication, able to ensure an interaction of information between the organization and its stakeholders, being a strategy to strengthen the image of the organization to the clients, functioning as a collaborative tool of information management.
Eficiência dos mercados futuros de commodities agrícolas aplicando-se o teste de cointegração
Authors: Harzer Jorge Harry , Costa Carol Thiago , Da Silva Wesley Vieira , Souza Alceu
Published: October 2012

This article aims at testing the weak form of efficiency of the commodity futures market in Arabica coffee farming using the cointegration technique in order to check if the current futures prices are biased estimators of spot prices expected for the future. Thereto it uses the futures prices time series from January 2005 to May 2011, which were collected in the Commodities and Futures Exchange - BM F and spot prices, calculated by CEPEA / ESALQ / USP. Dickey and Fuller’s ADF tests are the metrics used to detect the presence of unit root and Johansen’s cointegration test is used to verify the existence of a long term relationship. The results indicated the non-stationarity of price series besides the presence of cointegration. However, regression parameters testing α = 0 e β = 1 proves that weak efficiency and non-biased found statistical evidence of non-market efficiency. Moreover, the presence of a bias indicating the existence of a premium associated with risk was also found.
Inovação social e tecnologias sociais sustentáveis em relacionamentos intercooperativos: um estudo exploratório no CREDITAG-RO
Authors: De Oliveira Nilza Duarte Aleixo , Silva Tania Nunes da
Published: October 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198346595655This paper derived from the thesis project defended by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, aimed to propose a framework that allows the observation of the presence of social innovation, social technologies and collective entrepreneurship in interorganizational relationships. The cooperatives chosen to analyze the relationship of Inter-cooperation are the cooperatives of the Rural System of Credit Cooperatives of Family Farming and Economic Solidarity - CREDITAG in Rondônia. The study was set up as an experiment, with primary data collected through 11 in-depth interviews, to identify the social technologies developed, motivation for collective entrepreneurship, awakening new interest in cooperative skills and projecting itself as an important process of social innovation.
Análise da relação entre déficit público e inflação na Economia Brasileira a partir da década de 1980
Authors: Brufao Camila Albornoz , Bender Filho Reisoli
Published: October 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198346595951The study aimed to analyze the trajectory of public debt and inflation rates in the Brazilian economy from the 1980s, as well as verify the existence of a causal relationship between variables. To verify the existence of the relationship Tests of Granger causality were conducted. For this, were considered different periods. At first, it was analyzed the entire period (1981-2009), the second, the period before the Real plan (1981-1994) and third, the period after the peal Plan (1995-2009). The results obtained differ from period to period. For the period as a whole, the relationship found indicates that inflation presented to the precedence relation budget deficit. For the period before the Real plan, there was no causal relationship between variables, while for the period after the plan, the causal relationship was found in the sense that the budget deficit to inflation.
A atuação dos consórcios de exportação brasileiros em relação à cooperação, aquisição de inovações e performance exportadora
Authors: De Moura Carpes Aletéia , Scherer Flavia Luciane , Beuron Thiago Antonio , Brachak dos Santos Maríndia , Echevengua Borges Diego , De Moura Carvalho Bruno
Published: October 2012

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198346596281This study aims to analyze the performance of export consortia as Brazilian cooperation, facilitation to acquire innovation and export performance of the members through research consortia with different companies and sectors of the economy. Making use of survey research and analysis by descriptive statistics and Pearson Correlation, highlights that firms seek to conform to international standards of technology, however, was the individual effort of the company responsible for the biggest innovations acquired while the export performance of much below the desired level. Joint activities should be further explored, emphasizing actions aimed at long-term, reflecting on the success of international models of export consortia.
Growing Patterns: Seeing beyond Counting
Authors: Markworth Kimberly A.
Published: November 2012

Three suggestions help sixth-grade students develop functional thinking in geometry.
Perspectivism, Mortuary Symbolism, and Human-Shark Relationships on the Maritime Peninsula
Authors: Betts Matthew W. , Blair Susan E. , Black David W.
Published: October 2012

Shark teeth are commonly found in mortuary and ritual contexts throughout the Northeast. On the Maritime Peninsula, shark teeth have been identified in mortuary assemblages spanning the Late Archaic through to the Late Woodland periods (ca. 5000 B.P. to 950 B.P.). Beyond the Maritime Peninsula, shark teeth have been recovered from Woodland period contexts ranging from Chesapeake Bay to the Ohio River. Amerindian perspectivism, or cosmológical deixis, provides a framework for understanding the relationship between humans and animals in hunter-gatherer societies. To explore this relationship, we examine engagements between sharks and humans over a period of 5,000 years, within a socioeconomic perspective. We postulate that shark teeth in mortuary contexts were complex, entangled objects that were both mnemonics and instruments. All at the same time, shark teeth were (1) an emblem of a real creature with spectacular predatory abilities, (2) an icon of transformational and spiritual power, (3) a symbol of a society’s maritime way of life, and (4) a tool–a conduit through which a person could gain access to supernatural abilities. When shark teeth were exchanged, all of these properties may have been transferred, suggesting that reinforcing relationships between societies conducting the exchange was as important as gaining access to the supernatural powers of the teeth.
Coalescent Communities: Settlement Aggregation and Social Integration in Iroquoian Ontario
Authors: Birch Jennifer
Published: October 2012

This paper explores processes of settlement aggregation among ancestral Huron-Wendat populations in south-central Ontario, Canada. During the fifteenth century A.D., numerous small communities came together, forming large, fortified village aggregates. In order to understand these processes a multiscalar analytical approach was combined with a conceptual framework emphasizing cross-cultural perspectives on coalescent societies, the archaeology of communities, and historical trajectories of societal change. Regional settlement data are presented to illustrate the movement and increasing size of settlements. In order to determine how individual coalescent communities were formed and maintained, a single village relocation sequence is examined in detail. This sequence illustrates how people constructed, inhabited, and negotiated domestic and public spaces in these new community aggregates. Detailed analyses of the occupational histories of these sites point to the creation of new community-based identities, corporate decision-making structures, and increasing social integration over time. The results of this study demonstrate that while settlement aggregation can be documented at the regional level, only detailed intrasite analyses can identify the small-scale changes in practice that reflect the lived experience of coalescence.
Modeling Modes of Hunter-Gatherer Food Storage
Authors: Morgan Christopher
Published: October 2012

Analyses of the capacity and rates of different acorn storage techniques employed by the Western Mono of California’s Sierra Nevada during the very late Holacene indicate hunter-gatherers store food in at least three main modes: central-place storage, dispersed caching, and dispersed bulk caching. The advantage of caching modes over central-place ones is that they entail faster storage rates and thus the chance to maximize storage capacity when seasonality and scheduling conflicts limit storing opportunities. They also result in predictable stores of acorn separate from winter population aggregations but oftentimes near seasonally occupied camps. Central-place storage thus appears most directly related to coping with single-year seasonal variability in environmental productivity and sedentary overwintering strategies; caching, and especially bulk caching, with multi-year environmental unpredictability, overwintering and seasonal residential moves. Storage thus appears to generally develop as a response to seasonality and unpredictable environmental productivity, but its various forms are conditioned mainly by how they articulate with different mobility types. Complex Mono storage behaviors, however, were associated with regionally low population densities and relatively uncomplicated social structures nonetheless characterized by chiefs who maintained their positions by throwing feasts of stored acorn. The connections between storage, population density, and sociocultural complexity thus appear less direct and predicated on specific sociopolitical circumstance. Recognizing different modes of hunter-gatherer storage is consequently critical to assessing the roles ecology, mobility, group size, and social distinctions play in the development of disparate storage behaviors.
Archaic Period Shell Middens, Sea-Level Fluctuation, and Seasonality: Archaeology along the Northern Gulf of California Littoral, Sonora, Mexico
Authors: Foster Michael S. , Mitchell Douglas R. , Huckleberry Gary , Dettman David , Adams Karen R.
Published: October 2012

Five recent radiocarbon assays on wood charcoal within archaeological sites from the Puerto Peñasco area, Sonora, Mexico indicate use of the marine resources of the northern Gulf of California area during the Middle Archaic through the Late Archaic periods, ca. 3800 B.C.–A.D. 100. The archaeological shell middens of the region are generally thought of as remains associated with Ceramic period Hohokam marine shell collecting forays with there being little consideration given to the likelihood of an Archaic period component being present. The importance of these age estimates is that they are derived from carbonized botanical remains rather than shell. Because of considerable variability in the carbon reservoir effect, age estimates derived from marine shell from the northern Gulf of California have limited reliability. The seasonality of collection is also considered through a preliminary study of stable oxygen isotope ratios in two shell samples. The results suggests that these shellfish were collected in the late fall, winter, and perhaps very early spring.
Spatial Distribution of Rock Art Sites in Didima Gorge, South Africa
Authors: Challis Sam , Lewis-Williams J. David , Loubser Johannes H.N. , Pearce David G.
Published: October 2012

McCall (2010) uses data collected by Pager (1971) to argue for geographically controlled differences in the uses of painted rock art sites in the Didima Gorge, South Africa. We point out fundamental errors in the ascription of sites to particular categories that undermine the conclusions he reached. We conclude that there is no evidence to suggest different uses of painted rock shelters in the Didima Gorge.
La relation entre Autochtones et gouvernements provinciaux vue à la lumière du développement nordique au Québec et en Ontario
Authors: Germain Alexandre
Published: October 2012

Le Québec n’est pas la seule province canadienne à se tourner vers le Nord pour assurer son développement économique. L’Ontario a dévoilé des pans importants de sa stratégie nordique peu avant la publication du Plan Nord du gouvernement du Québec. Cet article propose une analyse synthétisée des principaux documents définissant l’approche des deux gouvernements et fait une comparaison de leur vision respective du développement, de la relation au territoire qu’ils suggèrent et de la relation entre les Autochtones et l’État qui est mise de l’avant par chacun. Il en ressort des différences d’ampleur, de moyens, de démarche, d’acteurs et de relations qui semblent avoir un lien avec la relation qu’entretient chacune des deux provinces avec le fédéralisme canadien. En d’autres mots, l’influence du fédéralisme canadien sur les stratégies de développement nordique provinciales et sur les relations avec les Autochtones n’est pas uniforme.
Pour un « machiavélisme postkantien »
Authors: Châton Gwendal
Published: October 2012

Raymond Aron est souvent décrit comme l’un des grands théoriciens du réalisme moderne. Cette manière de l’insérer dans les taxinomies traditionnelles doit cependant être interrogée. Une lecture attentive de son oeuvre permet en effet de constater qu’Aron a élaboré une approche singulière sur la base d’une double critique : celle d’une tradition libérale qui a généré des projets jugés illusoires ; celle d’un réalisme de guerre froide qui s’est mué en idéologie simplificatrice. L’originalité de l’approche aronienne réside donc dans la tentative de surmonter l’opposition classique de ces deux « écoles », en conservant la meilleure part de chacune d’elles. C’est pourquoi on propose d’envisager Raymond Aron comme un théoricien réaliste hétérodoxe, comme le tenant d’un « machiavélisme postkantien ».
Survivre, c’est vaincre ?
Authors: Holeindre Jean-Vincent
Published: October 2012

Raymond Aron, comme Clausewitz, est un théoricien soucieux de comprendre la nature de la guerre et un témoin attentif à ses mutations. Sa pensée n’est pas systématique comme celle du stratège prussien, mais elle éclaire le contexte stratégique contemporain sur trois points. Son approche des systèmes internationaux conduit d’abord à définir le système actuel comme multipolaire et hétérogène. Sa typologie des guerres montre ensuite que la guerre interétatique se trouve débordée depuis 1945 par la dissuasion nucléaire et les guérillas. Son approche des rapports entre démocratie et guerre met enfin en lumière une dissonance entre les principes libéraux qui gouvernent les démocraties occidentales à l’intérieur et le caractère hégémonique de leur intervention militaire à l’extérieur.
Model for Dimensioning Technology and Capacity of Border Railway Stations
Authors: Dimanoski Kire , Stojić Gordan , Vesković Slavko , Tanackov Ilija
Published: October 2012

The participation of the national rail networks in the European corridors requires certain modifications and their redefinition. Because the railway stations are special parts of the railway networks, they should be modernized, especially in south-eastern Europe. The main issue in the process of construction or reconstruction of railway stations is dimensioning (projection) of infrastructure facilities. The dimensioning of the infrastructure capacity is in direct correlation with the projected technology of work and the planned volume of traffic. This paper presents the simulation model which allows sizing facilities of border rail stations on the basis of the defined work and traffic technology.
A Based-Bottleneck Multiple Vehicle Type Dynamic Marginal Cost Model and Algorithm
Authors: Li Shuguang
Published: October 2012

Single vehicle type dynamic marginal cost model is extended to multiple vehicle type dynamic one based on time-dependent multiple vehicle type queue analysis at a bottleneck. A dynamic link model is presented to model interactions between cars and trucks, given the link consists of two distinct segments. The first segment is the running segment on which cars (trucks) run at their free-flow speeds and the second segment is the exit queue segment. A car or a truck is assumed to be a point without length. The class-specific pi parameter is used to transform the effect of truck into passenger car equivalents, so the exit flow of cars and trucks can be calculated according to the exit capacity of a bottleneck. The analytic expression of multiple vehicle type dynamic marginal cost function is deduced under congested and uncongested conditions. Then a heuristic algorithm is presented in solving multiple vehicle type dynamic queues, tolls under system optimum and user equilibrium conditions. The numerical example illustrates the simplicity and applicability of the proposed approach.
Influence of Track Stiffness on Track Behaviour under Vertical Load
Authors: Puzavac Leposava , Popović Zdenka , Lazarević Luka
Published: October 2012

The analysis of track behaviour under vertical load is traditionally based on the presumption that the stresses and deformations in track elements can be determined by the application of the Winkler’s Hypothesis. The rail is considered a beam on a continuous elastic foundation. The basis of the hypothesis is a presumption about the proportionality between the load and deflection. However, it is empirically known that the track and track foundation elements in a real environment during the railway exploitation behave neither linearly, nor completely elastically. Moreover, there is a problem with unevenness of the track stiffness along the track. This paper analyses the track stiffness from the aspect of its influence on the quality of the vertical track geometry. The paper analyses optimum stiffness. Optimum stiffness is conditioned by the single stiffness of all the elements of the superstructure and substructure as well as by their mutual compatibility.
Utilisation of Decision Tables for Proposal of Transfer Node Conception
Authors: Jacura Martin , Týfa Lukáš
Published: October 2012

The key issue in improving the appeal of public mass transport is the optimal arrangement of transfer nodes. The objective is to propose a comfortable, simple and safe environment for both passengers and operators, and a solution which is economical to construct and operate. Although each transfer node is unique and specific, it is beneficial to have a general idea on the layout of a project to construct or reconstruct such a transfer node. This project should, in particular, stem from the traffic intensity of single transport modes, the volume of single transfer links, and the nature and significance of traffic routes. This article presents the methodology for determining the appropriate disposition of mass public transport nodes using modified decision tables (one of the tools of systems analysis) with specific data particularly applicable in the Czech Republic.
Abdominopelvic Actinomycosis Associated With an Intrauterine Device and Presenting With a Rectal Mass and Hydronephrosis: A Troublesome Condition for the Clinician
Authors: Yilmaz Mehmet , Akbulut Sami , Samdanci Emine Turkmen , Yilmaz Sezai
Published: October 2012

Actinomycosis is an uncommon, chronic, granulomatous disease that can be mistaken for a malignant tumor. Abdominopelvic actinomycosis constitutes about 20% of all actinomycosis cases and may mimic malignancy, tuberculosis, or other abdominopelvic inflammatory diseases. This condition is more prevalent in women who use an intrauterine device. We treated a 44-year-old woman who presented with vaginal discharge, right flank pain, dysuria, and difficulty with defecation. She had anorexia and weight loss (8 kg) during the previous 2 months and had a history of intrauterine device use for 12 years. Clinical, radiologic, and endoscopic examinations revealed a rectal mass and right hydronephrosis. Rectal biopsy showed nonspecific colitis. Laparotomy showed a mass that was invading and obstructing the pelvic orifice. Surgery included total abdominal hysterectomy, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomy, appendectomy, low anterior resection, and Hartmann colostomy. Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens showed actinomycosis originating from the tubo-ovarian structures and invading the rectal wall. The patient was placed on penicillin for 6 months, and then had closure of the colostomy with no complication.
A Case of Diffuse Neuronal Hypertrophy in Acute Appendicitis
Authors: Yamauchi Hayato , Sakurai Shinji , Tsukagoshi Ritsuko , Suzuki Masaki , Tabe Yuichi , Fukasawa Takaharu , Kiriyama Shinsuke , Fukuchi Minoru , Naitoh Hiroshi , Horiuchi Katsuhiko , Yuasa Kazuhisa , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: October 2012

We report a case of neuronal hypertrophy associated with acute appendicitis in which significant neuronal fibers and the number of ganglion cells increased in the absence of inflammatory cells. Differential diagnosis from diffuse ganglioneuromatosis by the pathologic findings of resected specimen was difficult. A 33-year-old Japanese female visited our hospital complaining of acute abdominal pain. The patient underwent appendectomy upon the diagnosis of acute appendicitis on the day of admission. Postoperative examinations found no neoplastic lesions in other organs or inherited disorders such as multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2b and von Recklinghausen's disease (VRD). The pathologic diagnosis was neuronal hypertrophy of the appendix. Because the clinical outcomes of diffuse ganglioneuromatosis and neuronal hypertrophy of the gastrointestinal tract are quite different, clinical and pathologic examination should be carefully carried out for lesions in which significant proliferation of neuronal components is seen.
A Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma With Portal Vein Tumor Thrombosis Successfully Treated by a Combination of Intra-Arterial Infusion 5-Fluorouracil, Cisplatin, and Systemic Interferon-α Therapies
Authors: Kobayashi Tsutomu , Suzuki Hideki , Kubo Norio , Watanabe Akira , Sasaki Shigeru , Wada Wataru , Araki Kenichiro , Shimura Tatsuo , Kuwano Hiroyuki
Published: October 2012

A 58-year-old female with hepatitis C was referred to our hospital after computed tomography (CT) revealed a tumor in the right lobe of her liver. After thorough examination, tumor thrombosis was detected on the main trunk of the portal vein, and we decided to administer a combination of subcutaneous interferon-alfa and intra-arterial 5-fluorouracil. However, after 2 cycles of treatment, this regimen was ineffective, and thus cisplatin (CDDP) was added for the third cycle. On completion of 5 treatment cycles, the tumor and portal vein tumor thrombosis were not detected by CT or 18F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography. Hence, chemotherapy was considered effective and stopped. Two years after chemotherapy, Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonists-II (PIVKA-II) levels were within normal limits. Combination therapies have been recognized recently, and judging from the above case, the addition of CDDP to the combination regimen can prove beneficial.
Pilonidal Sinus Disease: Risk Factors for Postoperative Complications and Recurrence
Authors: Onder Akin , Girgin Sadullah , Kapan Murat , Toker Mehmet , Arikanoglu Zulfu , Palanci Yilmaz , Bac Bilsel
Published: October 2012

The aim of this study is to analyze the risk factors for complications and recurrence in pilonidal sinus disease. The prospective study consisted of 144 patients with pilonidal sinus disease who were operated on at Dicle University Medical Faculty, Department of General Surgery, between February 2008 and December 2010. Patients receiving the Limberg flap totaled 106 (73.6%), while 38 (26.4%) had primary closure. Postoperative complications developed in 42 subjects (29.2%), and recurrence occurred in 19 (13.2%). The Limberg flap method was statistically considered as a risk factor for postoperative complications (P  =  0.039). Regarding recurrence, family tendency (P  =  0.011), sinus number (P  =  0.005), cavity diameter (P  =  0.002), and primary closure (P  =  0.001) were found to be risk factors. Postoperative complication rate is higher in the Limberg flap method than primary closure method. The risk of recurrence is related to family tendency, sinus number, cavity diameter and anesthesia type and is also higher in primary closure.
Colorectal Cancer Treatment and Follow-Up in the Elderly: An Inexplicably Different Approach
Authors: Destri Giovanni Li , Cavallaro Mario , Trovato Maria Antonietta , Ferlito Francesca , Castaing Marine , Puleo Stefano
Published: October 2012

The incidence of colorectal cancer increases as age progresses. At present, elderly patients have received substandard cancer treatment not supported by “evidence.” Geriatric assessment should be performed preoperatively and selected elderly patients must be offered standard surgical treatment receiving the same complementary therapies as a younger patient. It should be stressed that elderly patients should not be deprived of their decision-making role. In our experience, more than 43% of patients with colorectal cancer are ≥70 years of age, and we believe that they should receive the same type of follow-up. This would allow for the detection and removal of polyps, treatment of malignant tumors, and psychological support similarly to younger patients. Significantly, in our experience, the incidence of reoperation for neoplastic disease is similar in the two patient populations.