bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Supplementary figure 16 from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes That Trigger Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Adhikari Manish , Sabol Hayley M. , Anloague Aric , Khan Sharmin , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Andreasen Christina Møller , Barnes Charles Lowry , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Palmieri Michela , Reyes-Castro Olivia , Zarrer Jennifer , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ambrogini Elena , Almeida Maria , O’Brien Charles A. , Nookaew Intawat , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: February 2025

Supplementary figure 16
Supplementary figure 10 from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes That Trigger Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Adhikari Manish , Sabol Hayley M. , Anloague Aric , Khan Sharmin , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Andreasen Christina Møller , Barnes Charles Lowry , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Palmieri Michela , Reyes-Castro Olivia , Zarrer Jennifer , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ambrogini Elena , Almeida Maria , O’Brien Charles A. , Nookaew Intawat , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: February 2025

Supplementary figure 10
Supplementary figure 1 from Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Senescent Osteocytes That Trigger Bone Destruction in Breast Cancer Metastasis
Authors: Kaur Japneet , Adhikari Manish , Sabol Hayley M. , Anloague Aric , Khan Sharmin , Kurihara Noriyoshi , Diaz-delCastillo Marta , Andreasen Christina Møller , Barnes Charles Lowry , Stambough Jeffrey B. , Palmieri Michela , Reyes-Castro Olivia , Zarrer Jennifer , Taipaleenmäki Hanna , Ambrogini Elena , Almeida Maria , O’Brien Charles A. , Nookaew Intawat , Delgado-Calle Jesus
Published: February 2025

Supplementary figure 1
Systemic inflammation and the inflammatory context of the colonic microenvironment is improved by urolithin A
Authors: Moussa Marmar R. , Fan Nuoxi , Birk John , Provatas Anthony A. , Mehta Pratik , Hatano Yuichiro , Chun Ock K. , Darooghegi Mofrad Manije , Lotfi Ali , Aksenov Alexander , Motta Vinicius N. , Zenali Maryam , Vaziri Haleh , Grady James J. , Nakanishi Masako , Rosenberg Daniel W.
Published: February 2025

Diet affects cancer risk and plant-derived polyphenols exhibit cancer-preventive properties. Walnuts are an exceptional source of polyphenolic ellagitannins, converted into urolithins by gut microflora. This clinical study examines the impact of urolithin metabolism on inflammatory markers in blood and colon polyp tissue. We evaluate the effects of walnut consumption on urinary urolithins, serum inflammatory markers and immune cell markers in polyp tissues obtained from 39 subjects. Together with detailed food frequency data, we perform integrated computational analysis of metabolomics data combined with serum inflammatory markers and spatial imaging of polyp tissues using imaging mass cytometry. LC-MS/MS analyses of urine and fecal samples identifies a widely divergent capacity to form nine urolithin metabolites in this patient population. Subjects with higher urolithin A formation exhibit lower levels of several key serological inflammatory markers, including C-peptide, sICAM 1, sIL6R, Ghrelin, TRAIL, sVEGFR2, PDGF and MCP2, alterations that are more pronounced in obese individuals for siCAM-1, ENA-78, Leptin, GLP-1 and MIP-1D. There is a significant increase in levels of PYY associated with urolithin A formation, whereas TNF-α levels show an opposite trend, recapitulated in an in vitro system with ionomycin/PMA-stimulated PBMCs. Spatial imaging of colon polyp tissues shows altered cell cluster patterns, including a significant reduction of vimentin and CD163 expression associated with urolithin A. The ability to form urolithin A is linked to inflammation, warranting further studies to understand the role of urolithins in cancer prevention.
Biological and Experiential Factors That Impact the Acceptance of Complementary Foods
Authors: Mennella Julie A.
Published: February 2025

Background:: Flavor, a complex sensation mediated by the chemical senses of taste, smell, and chemesthesis, is a primary driver of food acceptance. Because what we eat is an important influence on health in modern societies, we need to understand what shapes the acceptance of foods from an early age. Summary:: As infants transition from an all-milk diet to one that contains complementary foods of varying flavors and textures, biological factors interact with early experiences in shaping the acceptance or rejection of these complementary foods. Children are naturally drawn to foods that taste sweet or salty. However, repeated exposures to more complex flavors, transmitted from the mother’s diet to amniotic fluid and to human milk, and inherent in infant formulas and complementary foods (with 8–10 exposures or more), familiarize and facilitate children’s acceptance of the varying sensory properties of foods. Family members modeling eating these foods also encourage acceptance in children. Such functional plasticity, one of the main characteristics of the brain, highlights the ability to change behavior based on experience.
An Intra-Abdominal Desmoid Tumor with Edematous Loose Collagen Fibers
Authors: Iino Mao , Oura Shoji
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Diagnostic physicians tend to judge a low-dense area on computed tomography (CT) as central necrosis when it has no contrast enhancement and locates in the center of large tumors. Case Presentation: An 80-year-old woman was referred to our hospital due to the detection of an abdominal mass on ultrasound (US). CT showed a well-demarcated oval mass, 11 cm in size, with a central low-density area. US showed high internal echoes and enhanced posterior echoes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed the low-density area on CT to be hypo-intense on T1-weighted images and hyper-intense on T2-weighted images. MRI further showed the central part of the tumor to be hyper-intense both on diffusion-weighted images and apparent diffusion coefficient images. Under the tentative diagnosis of a gastrointestinal stromal tumor with central necrosis, the patient underwent tumor resection, revealing the tumor to be a jejunal submucosal tumor. Pathological study showed collagen fibers with heterogeneous density and sparse proliferation of spindle cells. The center of the tumor had marked edema in addition to sparse collagen fibers. Immunostaining showed that the atypical cells were diffusely positive for β catenin and negative for S100 protein, desmin, and DOG1, leading to the diagnosis of desmoid tumor (DT). Conclusions: Physicians should note that intra-abdominal DT can have edematous loose collagen fibers and may show central necrosis-like findings on CT.
Xiayuxue Decoction plays an anti-development role in hepatocellular carcinoma through intestinal-hepatic axis
Authors: Zhou Ting , Pei Liyuan , Chen Ya , Wang Xuejing , Fang Hongyu , Zeng Xiaoyan , Tian Xuefei
Published: February 2025

Background: In recent years, the effect of "intestinal-hepatic axis" in tumorigenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been paid more and more attention, and the imbalance of gut microbiota is closely related to the pathogenesis of HCC. The Xiayuxue decoction has inhibitory effect on hepatic fibrosis, but the effect of Xiayuxue decoction (XYXD) on HCC is not clear.
Methods: We induced HCC mouse model by diethylnitrosamine (DEN) and CCL4. HCC mice were treated with XYXD gavage. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to detect the pathological changes of liver tissue in mice. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the level of Ki-67 in liver tumor and ZO-1 in colon tissue. The level of inflammatory factors in plasma, liver and colon tissue of mice was detected by ELISA. The changes of macrophages and neutrophils in colorectal tissues of mice were counted by immunofluorescence. 16s sequencing was used to analyze the effect of XYXD treatment on gut microbiota of HCC mice.
Results: Our study found that XYXD could inhibit the progress of HCC. XYXD upregulated the expression levels of ZO-1, Occludin and claudin in colon tissue to repair intestinal mucosal barrier. XYXD could alleviate the infiltration of intestinal immune cells in HCC mice by inhibiting the data of macrophages and neutrophils in colon tissue and down-regulating SIgA level. XYXD also regulated the composition of intestinal microorganisms and improve the diversity of gut microbiota, thus affecting the progress of HCC.
Conclusion: XYXD inhibits the progress of HCC by influencing gut microbiota to regulate intestinal and liver inflammation and intestinal immune response.
Retrospective Analysis: S100 as Marker for Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome
Authors: Schulenburg Axel , Rüsing Lina , Bumberger Armin , Mitterbauer Margit , Cserna Julia , Petrasch Clemens , Oesterreicher Sophia , Worel Nina , Rabitsch Werner
Published: February 2025

Introduction: Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy has emerged as a promising treatment for hematologic malignancies, offering significant therapeutic benefits. However, this therapy is also associated with adverse effects such as cytokine release syndrome and Immune Effector Cell-Associated Neurotoxicity Syndrome (ICANS), which can lead to severe neurological symptoms. The pathophysiology of ICANS remains unclear but is believed to involve immune-mediated inflammation in the brain. This study investigates the potential of S100, a protein marker associated with blood-brain barrier integrity, as an early indicator of ICANS. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed daily blood samples for S100 levels in patients undergoing CAR T-cell therapy, correlating these levels with the onset and severity of ICANS. Results: The results show that S100 levels significantly increased in patients who developed ICANS, with a positive correlation between the duration of elevation and the severity of the neurological symptoms. Conclusion: These findings suggest that S100 may serve as a useful biomarker for early detection of ICANS and could potentially guide therapeutic interventions. However, further studies are needed to fully understand its prognostic value in this context.
Cooperation and competition were primary driving forces for biological evolution
Authors: Saier Jr. Milton H.
Published: February 2025

Background: For many years, scientists have accepted Darwin’s conclusion that “Survival of the Fittest” involves successful competition with other organisms for life-endowing molecules and conditions.

Summary: Newly discovered “partial” organisms with minimal genomes that require symbiotic or parasitic relationships for growth and reproduction suggest that cooperation in addition to competition was and still is a primary driving force for survival. These two phenomena are not mutually exclusive, and both can confer a competitive advantage for survival. In fact, cooperation may have been more important in the early evolution for life on Earth before autonomous organisms developed, becoming large genome organisms.

Key Messages: This suggestion has tremendous consequences with respect to our conception of the early evolution of life on Earth as well as the appearance of intercellular interactions, multicellularity and the nature of interactions between humans and their societies (e.g., Social Darwinism).
Tudo é #publi? A Dimensão Sutil e Complexa da Publicidade do Cotidiano.
Authors: Alves Klenny Ellen , Domingues Izabela
Published: February 2025

A ascensão da cultura participativa e do prossumerismo digital transformou as dinâmicas do marketing e da comunicação no século XXI. Os sites de redes sociais modificaram as formas de comunicar, comprar e se perceber, levando um número crescente de pessoas a querer ver e ser visto. Nessa perspectiva, sites de redes sociais como Instagram e TikTok se configuram como “diários panópticos” e atraem milhões de pessoas no mundo inteiro, sendo plataformas de grande relevância social e econômica no Capitalismo de Vigilância. Nesse, os amadores se utilizam de estratégias de visibilidade para compartilhar o dia a dia nas redes sociais digitais e fortalecer sua influência perante suas audiências. Nessa configuração, pessoas “comuns” se tornam comunicadoras e atingem milhares de seguidores, como fazem as celebridades, podendo, inclusive, vir a se tornar uma delas. Essas transformações socioculturais impulsionam mudanças significativas no “fazer publicidade” e no que passa a ser considerado, de fato, uma publicidade, fazendo-nos questionar, por exemplo, se o compartilhamento de fragmentos do nosso cotidiano pode ser considerado uma forma de publicidade. Esta pesquisa qualitativa busca problematizar o transbordamento do fazer publicitário numa publicidade cotidiana, porosa, imbricada com a rotina dos sujeitos, profundamente implicados em novas lógicas mercadológicas e comunicacionais, no que podemos nomear como Publicidade do Cotidiano ou Publicidade de Rotina.
Escrita, oralidade e práxis-poética em Torto arado
Authors: Morais Maria Carolina Fernandes
Published: February 2025

Este artigo se propõe a explorar uma das primeiras e mais decisivas cenas do romance Torto arado (2019), de Itamar Vieira Junior: o corte e a mutilação das línguas de Bibiana e Belonísia, respectivamente. O objetivo é deslindar, por meio do poder simbólico da cena e seus desdobramentos, bem como da posição dessas personagens no enredo, a importância da oralidade, que ao longo da história da literatura nacional foi subjugada como elemento folclórico e inferior de nossa formação enquanto país. No entanto, a maleabilidade narrativa e seu potencial simbólico e prático, para além dos poderes mnemônicos da oralidade, confrontam o papel da escrita como um dispositivo historicamente considerado superior, mostrando que ele é passível de ser apropriado e subvertido. Pretende-se mostrar como a memória oral quilombola infiltra-se na forma literária do romance para transpirar vozes e cosmogonias ancestrais, contemplando conceitos de justiça que servem também como “cola” social diante de momentos de acentuado perigo, como o que continuamos vivendo nos últimos dez anos no Brasil. Embora Torto arado apresente robustos artifícios e forma da literatura escrita, as ações que tramam a prática do jarê, bem como os desenlaces finais conclamam conceitos que passam ao largo de expectativas meramente maniqueístas.
Dentro d’A cabeça do santo não há seca ou canavial: representações contracoloniais e pertencimento no romance de Socorro Acioli
Authors: Lacerda Stella Maria Palitot Dias de , Gualberto Ana Cláudia Félix
Published: February 2025

In A cabeça do santo, by Socorro Acioli, the narrative path is traced by the migration of the character Samuel to Candeia, his father's hometown. The character's geographic and emotional paths characterize a northeastern and backlands’ setting. This work aims to verify whether or not the narrative reinforces common stereotypes about the backlands, as well as identifying strategies that make up the verified narrative style and possibilities of literary reception. The research is based on sociological literary criticism (Candido, 2006), using references about the backlands geopolitical category, such as Trindade Lima (1998) and Albuquerque Júnior (2012), about migrations, memories (Pollak, 1992), and the constitution of subjectivities and counter-hegemonic cultures of belonging and resistance, such as hooks (2022), Bispo dos Santos (2023) and Krenak (2020). Northeasterners and backlands’ people, affected by regional inequalities intersecting with oppressions of different orders, face erasure and misrepresentations of their culture nationally. The novel opposes the stereotypes conceived by the national intelligentsia (Trindade Lima, 1998) based on countercolonial representations of the backlands’ setting and characters, including collective resistance. Therefore, it strengthens a culture of belonging within the narrative, which can reverberate in the aesthetic experiences of readers, distancing itself from a reductionist literary regionalism.
Nordeste Caleidoscópio
Authors: Motta Lucas Branco de Araujo , Fernandes Ana Clara da Costa Carvalho , Almeida Magno da Guarda
Published: February 2025

Editorial Opiniães n. 25
Neighborhood Disinvestment and Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Peripartum Cardiomyopathy in California, From 2004 to 2019
Authors: Tucker Curisa M. , Ma Chen , Mujahid Mahasin S. , Hameed Afshan B. , Lyndon Audrey , Main Elliott K. , Carmichael Suzan L.
Published: February 2025

Background

Peripartum cardiomyopathy (PPCM) is a rare medical condition presenting as idiopathic heart failure. The aim of this study was to (1) examine the contribution of neighborhood disinvestment to PPCM risk and to racial and ethnic disparities in PPCM; (2) examine the extent to which sociodemographic factors and chronic hypertension explain these outcomes; and (3) describe severe maternal morbidity cases and the timing of PPCM.

Methods

We conducted an observational cohort study using vital records longitudinally linked with hospital discharge records for mothers and infants up to 9 months postpartum for births in California from 1997 to 2019. Using the Neighborhood Deprivation Index as a proxy measure for neighborhood disinvestment, we sequentially adjusted multivariable logistic regression models to estimate the association of Neighborhood Deprivation Index and race and ethnicity with PPCM.

Results

Our study included 7 354 662 births and 918 (0.012%) PPCM cases. Those residing in neighborhoods with higher disinvestment had an increased odds of PPCM (OR [95% CI] Quartile 2: 1.2 [1.0–1.5]; Quartile 3: 1.7 [1.4–2.1]; Quartile 4: 1.5 [1.2–1.9]). When considering the contribution of Neighborhood Deprivation Index to racial and ethnic disparities in PPCM, the odds ratio slightly decreased for Non‐Hispanic Black births from 3.8 (3.1–4.6) to 3.4 (2.8–4.1). For chronic hypertension in Non‐Hispanic Black births there was a slight decrease in odds from 3.4 (2.8–4.1) to 3.1 (2.6–3.8). The severe maternal morbidity indicator with the highest frequency was pulmonary edema/acute heart failure.

Conclusions

Our results show that neighborhood deprivation and pre‐pregnancy hypertension partially explain PPCM risk but does not explain the racial or ethnic disparity. Future research should examine the impact of specific measures of neighborhood deprivation on the racial and ethnic disparity in outcomes such as PPCM.
Optimizing Psychological Health Across the Perinatal Period: An Update on Maternal Cardiovascular Health: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Authors: Sharma Garima , Gaffey Allison E. , Hameed Afshan , Kasparian Nadine A. , Mauricio Rina , Marsh Elisabeth Breese , Beck Dana , Skowronski Jenna , Wolfe Diana , Levine Glenn N. ,   the American Heart Association Women's Health Science Committee of the Council on Clinical Cardiology and the Stroke Council; Council on Cardiovascular and Stroke Nursing; Council on Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention; Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia; Council on Lifelong Congenital Heart Disease and Heart Health in the Young; Council on Lifestyle and Cardiometabolic Health; and Council on Quality of Care and Outcomes Research
Published: February 2025

Perinatal psychological health conditions (eg, perinatal depression, anxiety) are some of the leading causes of maternal mortality in the United States and are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes, long‐term cardiovascular outcomes, and intergenerational effects on offspring neurodevelopment. These risks underscore the importance of addressing maternal psychological health as a key determinant of perinatal cardiovascular health. Thus, it is vital to recognize the spectrum of perinatal psychological health and to provide guidance for both patients and clinicians on screening and management options across the perinatal period. In this scientific statement from the American Heart Association, we redefine maternal cardiovascular health to include psychological health, provide robust evidence on the association of psychological health with cardiovascular outcomes, highlight the social and environmental underpinnings, and finally, offer guidance about how to integrate psychological health into maternal cardiovascular health with a specific focus on the perinatal period (ie, pregnancy through 1 year postpartum). We also describe opportunities for creating care delivery models that recurrently address perinatal psychological health in cardio‐obstetric care, using behavioral and pharmacological interventions, with an emphasis on better integration of psychological health care, longer postpartum follow‐up, and opportunities for evaluating the comparative effectiveness of these models with stakeholder partners.
Audiovisual Synchrony in Left-hemisphere Brain-lesioned Individuals with Aphasia
Authors: Farahbod Haleh , Rogalsky Corianne , Keator Lynsey M. , Cai Julia , Pillay Sara B. , LaCroix Arianna N. , Fridriksson Julius , Binder Jeffrey R. , Venezia Jonathan H. , Saberi Kourosh , Hickok Gregory
Published: February 2025

We investigated the ability of 40 left-hemisphere brain-lesioned individuals with various diagnoses of aphasia to temporally synchronize the audio of a spoken word to its congruent video using a maximum-likelihood adaptive psychophysical procedure. We found a statistically significant effect of aphasia type, not explained by lesion volume, on measures of audiovisual (AV) synchrony. Brain-lesioned individuals with no symptoms of aphasia, and those with conduction aphasia performed on the synchrony task more similarly to age-matched neurotypical controls, whereas those with anomic aphasia performed the poorest. In addition, we examined the correlation between this ability and AV integration (fusion) and observed a significant correlation between measures of AV synchrony and fusion. An ROI analysis of stroke lesion maps showed that damage to the left posterior temporal regions adversely affected AV processing, although whole-brain univariate lesion-symptom mapping analyses did not yield any significant results. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the functional relationship between different AV processes in multimodal integration and their underlying cortical networks in the human brain.
Individual Differences in Visual versus Semantic Neural Reactivation: Evidence from Severely Deficient Autobiographical Memory
Authors: Bone Michael B. , Levine Brian , Buchsbaum Bradley R.
Published: February 2025

Visual memory is intrinsically linked to the reinstatement of low-level visual features, such as edges and luminosity, within early visual cortex. However, individuals with severely deficient autobiographical memory (SDAM) cannot vividly recollect autobiographical experiences yet display normal everyday functioning. We hypothesized that such individuals would depend on semantic features instead of low-level visual features during a challenging visual recognition task due to impaired communication of low-level visual information between the posterior hippocampus and early visual cortex. Two methods were used to measure the content of memory derived from fMRI data collected at encoding and retrieval: one directly measuring feature-specific neural reactivation within the hippocampus and other cortical regions, and another modeling top–down inference to assess the influence of semantic-based recall on reactivation within early visual cortex. In accord with prior findings, recognition accuracy in non-SDAM individuals was linked to low-level visual reactivation within early visual cortex and posterior hippocampus. As predicted, this association was diminished in SDAM individuals, whose recognition accuracy was instead linked to semantic-based reactivation. In addition, non-SDAM individuals exhibited communication of low-level visual information between early visual cortex and hippocampus, whereas SDAM individuals showed communication of semantic information. Given that SDAM participants' performance on the visual memory task was equivalent to non-SDAM subjects, our findings suggest that SDAM individuals successfully compensate for impaired low-level visual memory through semantic recall and highlight the essential role of feature-specific reactivation measures in identifying distinct neural pathways to memory performance.
Historical development and global standings: Charting the cartography of humanities and social sciences research in East Asia
Authors: Yang Lili , Li Mengyang
Published: February 2025

The last three decades have witnessed a rapid development of research in East Asia. However, most research attention has been paid to sciences and engineering, overshadowing the progress made by the humanities and social sciences (HSS) research in the region. Meanwhile, there exist taken-for-granted assumptions that East Asian HSS research lags behind, which, we argue, are often made without comprehensive bibliometric evidence. As such, this study conducts a bibliometric investigation into the HSS research outputs produced by five East Asian research systems. It reveals the historical trend (between 2000-2023) and the current global standings of the HSS research in East Asia - including its quantity, global connectivity, quality, and impact - with reference to a few globally leading systems that are traditionally considered as the center of the world HSS research. The study shows that East Asia has become an important and powerful global player in the HSS research, as reflected in the large volume of the research outputs, the wide global network in research collaboration and East Asian researchers’ leading roles in collaboration, the good quality of journals where researchers publish their research, and the global impact of the outputs in terms of citations.
On author self-citations as carriers of scientific topic structure information
Authors: Donner Paul , Henneken Edwin
Published: February 2025

Author self-citations are a somewhat controversial phenomenon. Some scholars maintain they are a normal, even indispensable, part of scientific referencing practice, while others claim they are frequently an expression of vanity and self-promotion. Citations are the basic data for citation network clustering, an important approach to creating bottom-up, data-driven, global taxonomic systems of research publications. Thus the topical information content of self-citations is of particular interest in this context. Since it is not yet known how author self-citations affect such systems, we study the question of their influence on cluster solution topic quality in a citation network by experimentally re-weighting self-citation edges by increasing and decreasing their link weights according to self-citation status and strength. As a case study, we investigate data on the field of astronomy and astrophysics. We assess the effects of self-citation manipulations by evaluating the quality of the resulting clustering solutions using diverse external data containing meaningful topic-structural information, namely topical journal special issues, co-usage data from scientific literature database search logs, grant funding data, and intellectual paper-level classification assignments. We find that we can reliably improve clustering solution quality by emphasizing self-citation link weights.
Contrasting genetic diversity in the genus Acanthodactylus (Squamata: Lacertidae) at its eastern distribution edge
Authors: Jablonski Daniel , Khan Muazzam A. , Kehlmaier Christian , Masroor Rafaqat , Nadeem Muhammad Sajid , Fritz Uwe
Published: February 2025

This study examines the phylogeny and genetic diversity of the genus Acanthodactylus in the easternmost part of its distribution range, particularly in Pakistan. Using a concatenated dataset of mitochondrial (16S, COI, cyt b) and nuclear (Rag1) genes, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships using two tree-building methods that consistently revealed four strongly supported major clades (A-D). These clades exhibit significant genetic differentiation, with pronounced uncorrected p distances among them. Clade A, consisting of a single sequence identified as A. micropholis, is sister to the remaining clades. Clades B and C, both identified as A. blanfordii from the Helmand Basin in northwestern Balochistan, are geographically separated by the Chagai Hills and show moderate genetic differentiation. Clade D, identified as A. cantoris, is the most divergent and widespread clade, yet it shows shallow intraspecific genetic variation. An additional analysis of 177 cyt b sequences, including previously published data, supported our four main clades from the concatenated dataset. Clades B and C are novel and have not been identified before. Our research enhances the understanding of the evolutionary relationships and geographic distribution of Acanthodactylus in the eastern part of their wide distribution range and provides a well-supported phylogenetic framework for further taxonomic studies and conservation measures. Furthermore, we identify the type locality (“Ramnuggar”) of A. cantoris with Rasool Nagar (formerly called Ramnagar; 32.33°N, 73.78°E), Wazirabad District, Punjab Province, Pakistan.
Monopolizing Chineseness: Applying the Concept of Zhengtong (正統) in Cross-Strait Relations
Authors: Liang Chia-Yu
Published: February 2025

The development of Chinese International Relations Theory (Chinese irt) failed to produce a peaceful solution for the cross-Strait conflict because it has not critically examined its conceptual premises, including zhengtong, the Chinese concept that conveys the legitimate political order in imperial China: spatially a unity, temporally the succession of the previous unity, and politically the “authentic” succession. As an essential concept for the legitimacy of imperial China that the roc and the prc succeeded, zhengtong has played a crucial role in justifying wars of unification. The paper argues that zhengtong is part of the indispensable conceptual foundation of the cross-Strait conflict. It does so by examining the theory of legitimate imperial succession permitted by zhengtong that necessitates territorial Grand-Unity, i.e. the legitimacy based on the unification of the territory of the succeeded empire, and by reinterpreting the legitimation of the prc and the roc based on the continuity between imperial and modern China. Such continuity is based on the construct of a Chinese nation, resulting in the monopolization of Chineseness by the contenders of zhengtong, i.e., the prc and the roc, unable to produce a peaceful resolution.
Concepts of Huaren (華人) and Huabu (華埠): Transoceanic Settlements and Manifestation of Urban Spatiality in Colonial Southeast Asia
Authors: Tsai Ke Bo Izac , Bernath Doreen
Published: February 2025

This article seeks to reconnect discourses on the urbanity of Southeast Asia with the region’s long history of maritime trade and migrating societies. It examines the relation between Huaren, a category of people and a system of culture characterized by transoceanic connections, and Huabu, a portal-spatial pattern of trading, settling, and moving of Huaren communities. By investigating the etymology of and the relationship between these two terms—“Huaren” and “Huabu” as concepts distinct from “Chinese” and “Chinatown”—the paper discloses an alternative understanding of the urban history of Southeast Asia, traced not in relation to centers of power, nor an integrated view on ethnicity and identity, but at margins of territories affiliated to the fluidity and interconnectivity of maritime resilience, mercantile dynamics, ritualistic hybridity and cosmopolitan values. These in turn offer evidence and a new perspective on transnational and trans-territorial urban systems to widen the field of debate.
Epidendrum rasmussenii (Orchidaceae: Laeliinae), a new species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia
Authors: GÓMEZ-RIAÑO MIGUEL ÁNGEL , AYALA ELIZABETH SANTIAGO , AGUIRRE-SANTORO JULIAN , CASTRO CRISTIAN
Published: February 2025

The Orchidaceae family is one of the most diverse within the Angiosperms, and Epidendrum is one of its largest genera. A new species of this genus, Epidendrum rasmussenii, is here illustrated, described, and compared with morphological and geographically similar species. This species was found in a cloud forest of The Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM) in the Colombian Caribbean.
It is similar to Epidendrum stenostachyum but differing by the red-carmin to yellow-green flowers with yellowish green towards apex in sepals and petals (vs. yellow-green, spotted with purple flowers), petals 5.6 × 0.4 mm, parallel to column and linear-filiform (vs. petals 6.8 × 1.3 mm, falcate, reflexed and linear-oblanceolate) and the lip reniform-cucullate and embracing apex column in natural position. (vs. lip widely triangular-ovate, flat).
Morpho-anatomical and nrITS based identification of Lactarius swaticus (Russulaceae, Russulales) from Pakistan: An addition to the global mycoflora
Authors: SANA  , KIRAN MUNAZZA
Published: February 2025

A new species, Lactarius swaticus is described based on collections from the Swat District, Pakistan. Morphological data and phylogenetic analysis based on nrITS sequence supported that the species is undescribed. Lactarius swaticus is characterized by yellow-orange to orange colored basidiomata, planoconvex, umbilicate pileus with smooth crenate margins, ventricose lamellae, globose to broadly ellipsoid, partial to nearly complete reticulated basidiospores measuring on average 6.11 × 5.35 μm, narrowly clavate to clavate marginal cells, an irregular trichoderm pileipellis and absence of leptocystidia and pleuromacrocystidia. This paper presents detailed morphological descriptions, illustrations, and phylogenetic analysis of L. swaticus based on nrITS sequence along with a comparative analysis with related species.
Illustrated catalogue of the type specimens of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera: Noctuoidea) described by Pablo E. Köhler
Authors: BLAS GERMAN SAN , RODRÍGUEZ-RAMÍREZ JOANNA VALERIA , HAUSMANN AXEL , BUCHSBAUM ULF , NAVARRO FERNANDO
Published: February 2025

Pablo Emilio Köhler (1894–1981) was a leading Argentine noctuidologist who described 332 noctuid species, with 279 collected in Argentina. Köhler published significant compilations on Argentine noctuids. Most of the material he used for descriptions remained in his personal collection until the 1960s, when the collection was divided between the Instituto y Fundación Miguel Lillo in Tucumán, Argentina, and the Bavarian State Collection in Munich, Germany. This division included the type material, causing ongoing uncertainties about type deposition. This works aims to provide a nearly complete list of all species and subspecies described by Köhler, detailing relevant information and type material locations in these and other museums. In total we examined more than 560 types specimens. We discovered species with two “holotypes”: Paranicla koepkei Köhler, 1961; Eucoptocnemis petrowskyi Köhler, 1961; and Scriptania petrowskyi Köhler, 1961. Only for Paranicla koepkei, we were able to identify the correct holotype, for the other two a detailed examination of the specimens and descriptions is needed. We revalidated Borolia lilloana Köhler, 1947 and Euxoa signata Köhler, 1945, previously considered secondary homonyms. Finally, we identified two species described twice: Cotarsina gracilis Köhler, in 1961 and 1979, and Agrotis raveni Köhler, in 1973 and 1979. We establish the homonymies and propose synonymies for both.
1. Introduction to the Field Guide
Authors: Lave Rebecca , Lane Stuart
Published: February 2025

This short chapter introduces the intellectual rationale for the Field Guide and its intended audience and structure. We argue that mixed biophysical and social methods are necessary to understand the increasingly eco-social world in which we live. We also argue for a deeply empirical approach to research design: “listening” to what your field site “tells” you about how it should be studied.
6. Embracing and enacting critical and constructive approaches to teaching Critical Physical Geography
Authors: Salmond Jennifer , Brierley Gary
Published: February 2025

This chapter outlines the theoretical and pedagogical benefits of using a critical physical geography (CPG) framework to teach mixed methods approaches to environmental research. CPG frameworks explicitly call for education practices which emphasise an awareness of individual and collective situatedness and positionality and its influence on knowledge production. We demonstrate how a final year mixed methods undergraduate physical geography course can be co-created with students to provide a pedagogically sound, student focussed, enriching educational experience. We argue that whilst challenges must be addressed in the development of integrative teaching approaches, their use enables students to embrace notions of knowledge beyond concepts of ‘truth’ and ‘universality’ and empowers students to work in areas where information and understanding may yet be incomplete. Our experiences suggest that using these types of approaches enables students to actively engage with positive, proactive, ethical encounters with their living environments in hopeful ways, helping them to envisage more equitable and sustainable futures.
13. Revealing the social histories of ancient savannas and intact forests using a historical ecology approach in Central Africa
Authors: Walters Gretchen , Hymas Olivier , Touladjan Stevens , Ndong Kevin
Published: February 2025

Misleading stories about the human causes of environmental degradation are a type of “received wisdom”, which permits researchers, decision-makers and NGOs to leave histories of ecosystems and natural processes unquestioned. In this study, we use a historical ecology approach to understand the social processes shaping an intact forest and an ancient savanna in Gabon. Using historical methods, interviews, and participant observation in relation to the ecology of key plant species in the landscape, we analyse how seemingly intact Okoumé forests were shaped by disease, trade and colonial resettlement policy. We then use these methods to understand the ways in which customary fire has shaped an ancient savanna landscape and its fire-dependent endemic species. Using an interdisciplinary approach enabled us to delve deeply into the social-historical processes shaping these ecosystems in ways that are not possible when using traditional, disciplinary approaches, and so to improve ecosystem-based policies.
21. Introduction to the list of ingredients
Authors: Lave Rebecca , Lane Stuart
Published: February 2025

This chapter introduces Section 3 of the Field Guide, which provides short introductions to two dozen individual “ingredients” (research methods) including each method’s primary uses, the other methods with which it works well, and the ethical considerations it raises. We review a range of issues to consider when selecting among methods to create your research “recipe,” including the particularities of your field site, the compatibility of different methods, logistical feasibility, your own preferences and strengths, and ethical issues.
34. Participant observation and ethnography
Authors: Sayre Nathan F.
Published: February 2025

Participant observation and ethnography are valuable for understanding dimensions of social life, such as meaning, value and practice, that elude other methods. Findings may be highly particular, and generalizing to other or larger populations must be handled with care. Building relationships of trust is imperative; this requires patience, credibility and openness, and it raises important ethical issues, especially where power asymmetries exist between researchers and their subjects.
38. Sampling
Authors: vonHedemann Nicolena
Published: February 2025

Sampling is the selection of a subset of a defined population to investigate and is guided by research questions. Sampling strategies include non-probability methods (i.e., case studies and purposive, convenience, snowball, or quota sampling) most common in qualitative social science and probability methods (i.e., random, systematic, or stratified sampling) where inferential statistics can be used to develop generalizations about the broader population. Careful consideration of sampling strategy selection is necessary to determine the best method to accurately represent the population, minimize bias, and approach research ethically.
39. (Critical) Satellite Remote Sensing
Authors: Braun Andreas
Published: February 2025

Satellite remote sensing techniques and the products derived from them are relevant for virtually all research fields in biophysical and socio-environmental research. Yet, multiple socio-technical choices have to be made in order to produce them. This chapter offers an instructive introduction to and critical overview of these choices.
42. Statistical inference
Authors: Lane Stuart
Published: February 2025

Statistical inference is a widely used method in both social and biophysical science that aims to allow statements about a (larger) population from a sample of that population. It is partly a question of using statistical methods to allow you to make a statement about a population with a certain probability, defined by characteristics of your data, including the size of the sample you have. However, it is also a question of research design, that is how you collect data (size of sample, sampling method) in a way that allows you to do the inference correctly. The results of statistical inference need particular care because inference is effectively a method that allows you to establish how confident you are that the properties of your data are also properties of the population (e.g. is the correlation in your data also found in your population). Statistical inference does not tell you about whether that property (e.g. correlation) is strong or not, which is a question of judgement. Equally, inference should not be blind to questions of causality; the simple existence of a statistically significant relation does not necessarily imply that the relation is causal. It may simply be spurious.
44. Textual analysis
Authors: Doel Marcus
Published: February 2025

Textual analysis comes in many forms, and is at work whenever anyone tries to make sense of the world. Accordingly, the chapter introduces an expansive understanding of texts, the vast majority of which are not authored by humans (such as the climate history archived in ice cores and lake sediments), and also an expansive understanding of textual analysis (from the literary to the palaeoenvironmental), which is nevertheless at risk of becoming dominated by the computational analysis of machine-readable texts (since everything can be digested by the binary code). The chapter also emphasises the embedment of texts within innumerable and illimitable contexts, and the ethical challenge of doing justice to that (con)textual embedment.
A Multi-source Precipitation Data Fusion Model for Qinghai Province Based on 3D CNN and Bidirectional ConvLSTM
Authors: You Shaojie , Zhang Xiaodan , Wang Hongyu , Quan Chen , Zhao Tong , Liu Chang , Huo Wei , Zhang Qiyuan , Hu Naihao
Published: February 2025

Accurate precipitation estimation is crucial for water resource management, ecological modeling, and natural disaster prevention. Although there are various methods for integrating precipitation data from different sources with observed data, many of them only focus on spatial or temporal correlations, neglecting the potential improvement in precipitation estimation brought about by considering spatio-temporal correlations. In this study, we propose a deep learning-based multi-source precipitation fusion model (MPFM), which simultaneously utilizes the spatial-temporal correlations of ERA5, IMERG, and GLDAS for fusion. Unlike existing methods, our model integrates both spatial and temporal correlations, enhancing fusion by utilizing spatio-temporal information more fully. The MPFM comprises a 3D Convolutional Neural Network (3D CNN) to extract the spatio-temporal features of precipitation data and a bidirectional Convolutional Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network (ConvLSTM) to capture the temporal and spatial dependencies. Compared to other models, including deep learning methods (3D CNN and bidirectional ConvLSTM), traditional machine learning methods (Multi-Layer Perceptron, eXtreme Gradient Boost, and Random Forest), and linear fusion methods (one outlier-removed-average, optimized weighted average, and inverse error variance weighting), the MPFM significantly outperforms in independent validation tests. The generated high-precision daily precipitation dataset for 2013–2017 at a 0.01°resolution exhibits substantially improved accuracy over raw data, with a 17.16% and 25.66% reduction in mean absolute error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), respectively, and a 20.35% increase in correlation coefficient (CC) compared with the best-performing raw data (IMERG). This dataset can offer dependable data support for hydrological or climate ecology-related studies in Qinghai Province.
The “Spanish Plume” Elevated Mixed Layer: Review of its Use and Misuse within the Scientific Literature
Authors: Schultz David M. , Young Martin V. , Kirshbaum Daniel J.
Published: February 2025

The Spanish plume is a synoptic pattern associated with deep moist convective storms in western and central Europe. A large-amplitude trough or cut-off low in the jet stream extending to low latitudes produces a long fetch of southerly or southwesterly flow in the lower troposphere across the Iberian Peninsula and into Europe. The preconvective environment is traditionally characterized by an elevated mixed layer of hot dry air with steep lapse rates (i.e., the Spanish plume airstream) overtop a warm surface layer and capping inversion, resembling the loaded-gun convective sounding. A literature review of 102 peer-reviewed journal articles mentioning the Spanish plume is performed (of which 84 have only passing mentions). Some articles correctly employ the original definition of the Spanish plume airstream as the dry elevated mixed layer, whereas others incorrectly apply the term to the surface (sometimes humid) airstream. The origin of the airstream is variously described as the Iberian Peninsula, northern Africa, or both, often unevidenced. Some air in so-called Spanish plumes does not even cross Spain. Descriptions of convective storms in Spanish plume synoptic patterns also are largely unevidenced, with release of instability attributed to various synoptic-scale and mesoscale processes. This review reveals these and other issues with the literature on the Spanish plume, painting a sometimes unevidenced, inconsistent, unclear, and inaccurate picture. The goals are to recommend proper usage of the term Spanish plume and articulate future research questions, specifically related to quantifying interactions with terrain through diurnal sensible heat fluxes and orographic flow modification to produce favorable environments for convective storms.