bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Microwave assisted synthesis of some new Schiff’s bases from 2,4-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one
Authors: MENTEŞE Emre , YILMAZ Fatih , KAHVECİ Bahittin
Published: July 2021

In this manuscript, a new series of 1,2,4-triazole-3-ones containing imin function was synthesized from 5-(4-bromobenzyl)-4-amino-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one and aromatic aldehyde by using microwave irradiation technique via schiff base reaction. Firstly, ethyl imido-p-bromophenylacetate hydrochloride (2) was synthesized according to the pinner method in the literature. Then, compound 2 was reacted with ethyl carbazate to synthesized ethyl p-bromophenylacetate etoxycarbonylhydrazone (3) compound. Then, 5-(4-bromobenzyl)-4- amino-2H-1,2,4-triazol-3(4H)-one (4) was synthesized from the reaction of ethyl p-bromophenylacetate etoxycarbonylhydrazone (3) with hydrazine monohydrate. Then, it was converted to their corresponding triazole containing Schiff bases (5a-e) with the reaction of corresponding aromatic aldehydes in ethanol by using the microwave irradiation method. This microwave technique has some advantages, including rapid and uniform heating, higher product yield and purity, mild reaction conditions, low energy requirement and shorter reaction time. The chemical structures of newly synthesized triazole containing schiff bases were identified using IR, 1HNMR, and mass spectroscopy data.
Adoption of improved cookstoves in the peri-urban areas of Nairobi: Case of Magina area, Kiambu county, Kenya
Authors: Kong'ani Lilian N. S. , Ang'u Cohen , Muthama Nzioka John
Published: July 2021

Concerted efforts have been made to enable communication and adoption of improved cookstoves by diverse development organizations in Kenya. However, their adoption remains low. This study sought to examine levels of adoption and use of improved cookstoves in Magina, Kiambu County and determine factors affecting their adoption and use. Results demonstrate that 93% of the households received the cookstoves from developmental programmes, among these 50% were making use of them but only 14% of the 50% had fully adopted them as main cookstoves. Efficiency and suitability, socio-cultural practices, economic capacity, limited capacity to appreciate the improved cookstoves concept and governance considerations were the cited limiting factors to adoption and use. There is need for an enabling policy and strategies to implement the bottom-up approach in the design and implementation of improved cookstoves to facilitate the upscaling of the adoption and use of improved cookstoves to conserve the forests in the country for sustainable development.
Sobre El general en su laberinto, de Gabriel García Márquez: el ritornello de la enfermedad
Authors: Gómez Santiago Andrés
Published: July 2021

En este artículo se pretende enriquecer la visión crítica sobre El general en su laberinto (1989), de Gabriel García Márquez, novela que narra los últimos días de Simón Bolívar (1783-1830). Primero esbozaremos el contexto en el que surgió la novela. Luego repasaremos las lecturas comunes sobre el libro, como exaltación o desmitificación de Bolívar, y consideraremos interpretaciones más complejas, que atienden a la mixtura que hay en la novela entre ambas posturas. Posteriormente, acudiremos al tropo del ritornello para demostrar la estrategia mediante la cual García Márquez brinda al continente americano una lección política consistente en la necesidad de conciliar.
“Prosperity for Everyone” in the Post-Conflict?: How Does Environmentally and Militarily Oriented State (Re)Control in the Ariari Region Propel Productive Segmentation and Social Fracturing?
Authors: Lugo Vivas Diego Andrés
Published: July 2021

Through perspectives on political ecology, this article aims to explain the paradoxical outcomes that global policies on state re-territorialization and promotion of green economies have had in the reconfiguration of the municipality of Puerto Rico (Ariari region, Colombian Amazonian Piedmont). On one hand, historically contested areas have experienced both relatively successful programs of peasant parceling, especially during the early 2000s, and more recently, active processes of deforestation and coca resurgence inside La Macarena National Natural Park. On the other, where the State has been able to secure a more militaristic presence, alliances between the State and agribusiness sectors have promoted land valuation and productive reconversion from coca to “clean, alternative and socio-environmentally responsible” oil palm plantations. Thus, a global agenda to accelerate the transition to a post-conflict scenario in the municipality of Puerto Rico has produced fracturing trajectories of peasant titling and green grabbing (and a sort of productive ghettoization) since the mid-2000s, radically transforming the socio-spatial landscape of this municipality.
Espectro y verdad en Labio de liebre (venganza o perdón) de Fabiano Rubiano o del teatro subversivo en tiempos inextricables
Authors: Espinal Juliana
Published: July 2021

Este artículo analiza Labio de liebre (venganza o perdón) (2015) del dramaturgo colombiano Fabio Rubiano. Mi hipótesis es que esta obra subvierte aquella dinámica estatal que tendió a privilegiar los discursos de los paramilitares por sobre las narrativas de sus víctimas. A través de la figura del espectro, Rubiano no solo enfrenta una dupla improbable: el victimario y el testigo absoluto, sino que da prioridad a la voz de la víctima por sobre la de su verdugo y atiende a sus demandas de justicia y memoria.
La música neogranadina: un espacio poblado por mujeres
Authors: Pérez Álvarez Sergio , Herrera Clara E.
Published: July 2021

Se explora el contacto de las mujeres con la música en el contexto cultural neogranadino. Con apoyo en fuentes primarias y secundarias, se confirma que las mujeres tuvieron acceso a instrumentos musicales, a maestros de música y de canto, y participaron como consumidoras, compositoras e intérpretes. Además de explorar la relación de las mujeres con la música dentro de las comunidades religiosas, este artículo indaga sobre las prácticas musicales femeninas en el contexto secular, ayudando a completar un vacío bibliográfico. Se observa cómo la música hace posible un nuevo espacio lúdico en la construcción de la identidad femenina en tiempos coloniales.
La literatura campesina en medio de la guerra y su papel en la construcción de paz en Colombia: el caso de la carranga
Authors: Freja de la Hoz Adrián Farid
Published: July 2021

El artículo estudia el papel de las literaturas campesinas en territorios afectados por el conflicto armado de Colombia, centrando la atención en la carranga de la región de la Cordillera Oriental. En el texto se analiza la manera en que formas literarias medievales y renacentistas perviven en los territorios para generar obras que son apropiadas en las comunidades regionales y convertidas en patrimonios culturales portadores de identidad y generadores de una memoria cultural sobre el conflicto armado en las regiones. Asimismo, se reflexiona sobre la manera en que estas expresiones tradicionales y populares de la literatura oral se involucran en las situaciones sociopolíticas que afectan las comunidades, con el fin de generar y apoyar procesos en pro de la construcción de paz en los territorios.
Estrategias de Enseñanza de la Lectoescritura en Seis Escuelas Multigrado en Honduras: Un Estudio de Casos
Authors: Ulloa Cáceres Gloria Ester , Noé Martínez René Antonio , Gonzales Cáceres Gustavo Adolfo
Published: July 2021

Se condujo un estudio de casos cualitativo con el propósito de conocer las prácticas pedagógicas de cinco escuelas multigrado que lograron los mejores puntajes en las pruebas externas del 2016. Se realizaron entrevistas, observaciones de aula y revisión documental. El estudio de casos refleja que los docentes emplean estrategias de enseñanza que han sido adaptadas al aula multigrado teniendo como marco una planificación previa de acuerdo con el Diseño Curricular Nacional Básico (DCNB) y sus herramientas, y la participación de los docentes en capacitaciones continuas. Dado que las estrategias utilizadas no son particularmente para ambientes multigrado, puede afirmarse que la adaptación que de ellas han hecho los docentes es un factor fundamental en los resultados de esta evaluación externa; el estudio revela que el compromiso del docente a capacitarse permanentemente y emplear las herramientas del DCNB, pueden ser factores conducentes a los resultados obtenidos por estas escuelas en las evaluaciones estandarizadas.
Modelo pedagógico en la evaluación de aprendizajes en Ciencias Sociales con mención en Desarrollo Local, URACCAN-Siuna, 2018
Authors: Ruiz José Antonio , Colindres Pizarro Digna Judith , Rodríguez Ruiz Sergio
Published: July 2021

Se han descrito y analizado los tipos de evaluación aplicados desde la práctica docente las formas de valorar el aprendizaje y finalmente proponer una forma de evaluación que contribuya a la aplicación del modelo pedagógico comunitario intercultural. Esta investigación fue de carácter cualitativo con un enfoque metodológico de interaccionismo simbólico, con la aplicación del modelo pedagógico en el proceso de valoración de los aprendizajes en la carrera de Ciencias Sociales con Mención en Desarrollo Local.. La aplicación En el aula de clase se practica según el modelo pedagógico comunitario intercultural la evaluación cualitativa (diagnóstica, formativa) y cuantitativa (sumativa), siendo esta la que guarda mayor empeño y, en pocos casos se práctica la evaluación alternativa que se enfoca más a lo cualitativo. La propuesta de evaluación que contribuye con la aplicación del modelo pedagógico comunitario intercultural se fundamenta en el modelo pedagógico integrado y se acentúa en la teoría pedagógica constructivista, por tanto, se trata de practicar evaluación de aprendizajes significativos propios de identidad del modelo.
Adolescentes y el barrio en el tiempo libre
Authors: Chow Palacios Kevin Mijai , Palacios Rizo Rosa Aura
Published: July 2021

El estudio se realizó en el barrio Pitter Ferrera en la ciudad de Bilwi, municipio de Puerto Cabezas, Región Autónoma Atlántico Norte. Resalta que adolescentes consideran las 24 horas del día como tiempo libre porque no tienen responsabilidades, principalmente los varones se dedican a escuchar música, estudiar, ver programas de televisión, compartir con amigos. Escasamente realizan otras actividades familiares. Además, les gusta estar con sus pares debido a que las actividades que proponen y realizan son divertidas y entretenidas; mientras que el tiempo con la familia suele ser aburrido y estar lleno de tareas y reglas.  El estudio se realizó mediante entrevistas a los principales actores y grupo focal con padres y madres de familia, observaciones directas en distintos sectores del mismo barrio
Valoración nutricional de los residuos orgánicos de banano en el cantón La Troncal, Ecuador
Authors: Vera Rodríguez José Humberto , Torres Sánchez Sinthya Tatiana , Macías Rojas Haidee Azucena , Galarza Cabrera Jonnathan Ángel , Piña Reinoso Liliana Elizabeth , Morán Cabrera Wendy Natalhy , Rivera Vivar Lizbeth Abigail , Cabrera Guaraca Óscar Mily
Published: July 2021

Fue evaluada las características nutricionales y de degradabilidad de los residuos orgánicos de banano (Musa paradisiaca L.) en el cantón La Troncal- Ecuador, hoja verde, vástago y raquis en las variedades CAVENDISH y ORITO. Se procedió a valorar la composición de las muestras en base seca mediante: Análisis Bromatológico (materia seca, proteína cruda, cenizas, extracto etéreo, fibra cruda, extracto libre de nitrógeno); Análisis de Fibra (FDN, FDA y LDA); Análisis de Energía (energía bruta); y degradabilidad in situ en ganado bovino, utilizando animales fistulados a nivel del rumen, de cruce racial Brahman mestizos de 450 Kg ± 20 Kg de peso vivo. La incubación de las muestras dentro del rumen se dio mediante bolsas de nylon por 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 y 96 horas. Los resultados presentaron valores aceptables para la alimentación de ganado bovinos en cuanto al contenido químico, fibra, energía y degradabilidad de la materia seca. Concluyendo que, los residuos de banano (hoja verde, vástago y raquis) en los materiales genéticos (CAVENDISH y ORITO) pueden ser parte de la dieta de rumiantes, en especial la de bovinos, debido a su contenido nutricional caracterizado y a la degradabilidad in situ de la materia seca de las muestras analizadas.
TRABALHO EM SAÚDE E AS REPERCUSSÕES DURANTE A PANDEMIA DE COVID-19: UM ESTUDO DOCUMENTAL
Authors: Monteiro Vinicius Costa Maia , Lucena Brunno Alves de , Silva Carlos Jordão de Assis , Carvalho Pablo Ramon da Silva , Valença Cecília Nogueira , Oliveira Kalyane Kelly Duarte de
Published: July 2021

Objetivo: identificar as repercussões do trabalho em saúde durante a pandemia de covid-19.Método: estudo documental de abordagem qualitativa. O corpus foi composto por matérias jornalísticas nacionais e internacionais. A busca ocorreu de forma online, de fevereiro a junho de 2020, com análise de conteúdo.Resultados: foram identificadas 10 manchetes, das quais emergiram quatro diferentes núcleos de sentido: 1) Realidade vivida pelos profissionais de saúde pela insuficiência de Equipamento de Proteção Individual em tempos de pandemia; 2) Risco de contaminação pelo novo coronavírus sofrida pelos profissionais de saúde; 3) Esgotamento físico e emocional dos trabalhadores de saúde que atuam na linha de frente ao novo coronavírus; e 4) Responsabilidade das instituições governamentais frente à saúde e segurança do trabalhador durante a pandemia de covid-19.Conclusão: o estudo contribui ao compreender a experiência dos profissionais e proporcionar essa perspectiva para a tomada de decisão na gestão, assistência e pesquisae m saúde.
Het standstillbeginsel en de uitvoering van het VN-Verdrag Handicap
Authors: Dijkstra E.
Published: July 2021

Het standstillbeginsel en de uitvoering van het VN-Verdrag Handicap

Veel veranderingen die met het VN-verdrag Handicap worden beoogd, komen niet van de ene op de andere dag tot stand. Dat maakt ze echter niet vrijblijvend. Het internationaalrechtelijke standstillbeginsel leert dat verdragsstaten na het aangaan van dergelijke langetermijnverplichtingen niet mogen handelen op een wijze die afbreuk doet aan die verplichtingen. Een preliminair onderzoek in de database Legal Intelligence, dat ten grondslag ligt aan deze bijdrage, suggereert dat dit beginsel zelden aan bod komt bij de regelgeving en jurisprudentie omtrent de uitvoering van het VN-verdrag Handicap. Deze bijdrage laat daarnaast zien dat hier wel aanleiding toe is. Nederland heeft namelijk ten aanzien van ten minste twee verdragsverplichtingen die in deze bijdrage behandeld worden – de toegankelijkheid van het verkiezingsproces en de sociale zekerheid – wellicht tegen deze verplichtingen in gehandeld. Het aankaarten van deze lacune wordt bemoeilijkt doordat Nederland zich nog niet heeft aangesloten bij het optionele protocol bij het verdrag.
Source criticism in school: History teachers’ comprehensions of source criticism as disciplinary, experimental and contextual knowledge in a progression perspective
Authors: Berg Mikael
Published: July 2021

For more than a decade, there has been a growing interest in the particular requirements for disciplinary teaching within international and Swedish research in history didactics. Less interest has been directed at the broader issue of progression and the method­ological skill of source criticism. Against this background, the purpose of this article is to examine the relationship between progression and the selection of content in the context of teaching source criticism. The results are based on focus group interviews with Swedish history teachers where three overall comprehensions of their work with source criticism were identified. First, teachers displayed a disciplinary comprehension of source criticism that stressed academic concepts such as proximity and tendency. From a progression perspective, this comprehension emphasizes a starting point in common and accessible concepts. Second, teachers adopted an experimental compre­hension of source criticism that stressed students’ own hypothesizing and perspective-taking. Progression in this comprehension begins with students’ own questions and experiences. Third, teachers expressed a contextual comprehension of source criticism. Here, considerable emphasis was placed on students’ engagement with historical content knowledge. In this comprehension, progression starts from students’ inter­pretations of the historical material presented to them. In this way, the different com­prehensions that teachers display about their work with source criticism reflect the different ways they relate to the subject of history and, thus, their selection of teachable content. It is therefore possible to argue for the importance of paying attention to the relationship between progression and content knowledge in order to better understand the ideological decisions behind the selection of content in school history courses.
Keywords: teaching profession, subject didactics, history didactics, sources, source criticism
MERCADO AUTOMOBILÍSTICO BRASILEIRO
Authors: Oliveira Sidney Lino de , Braga Matheus Gomes , Ferreira Vitor Vilela Carvalho
Published: July 2021

O mercado de veículos SUV vem crescendo constantemente no Brasil. Ao longo dos últimos anos, diversas montadoras adotaram diferentes estratégias de posicionamento dos seus veículos para obter destaque no segmento. Com a entrada de novos modelos, esse mercado cresceu e alcançou maior relevância no cenário nacional.

Ao longo dos anos de 2010 a 2019, foram levantadas as quantidades de emplacamentos de SUVs no ano e seu preço de entrada, com base nas tabelas Fenabrave e FIPE. Os veículos foram selecionados seguindo o critério de participação superior a 10% do total de emplacamentos do veículo mais vendido no ano. O objetivo desse levantamento é coletar dados e posteriormente, montar matrizes BCG.

Ferramentas como a matriz BCG, aliadas a conceitos como o preço premium e o índice de Herfindahl tornam a análise desse mercado mais assertiva, auxiliando as montadoras na sua gestão de portifólio. Em todos os anos analisados, os automóveis apresentam classificações individuais dentro da matriz BCG. 

A análise das matrizes BCG concebidas no trabalho, evidencia uma mudança gradual de estratégia dos líderes de mercado. O grande destaque é a montadora Jeep, que posicionou, a partir de 2016, dois modelos de SUV que tiveram grande sucesso no período analisado, o Jeep Compass e o Jeep Renegade.
AS MEDIDAS COERCITIVAS NA AÇÃO DE EXECUÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS NO BRASIL E NO CHILE: análise dos apremios no ordenamento jurídico chileno e sua aplicabilidade ou não no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro.
Authors: Rocha Gabriela Fernandes , Soares Carlos Henrique
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo versa sobre as medidas coercitivas na ação de execução de alimentos no Brasil e no Chile, especialmente no estudo dos apremios utilizados no ordenamento jurídico chileno e sua aplicabilidade ou não no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro. Para isso, faz-se necessário o estudo de algumas decisões judiciais, que adotaram as medidas que serão tratadas no presente artigo, pautando-se nos meios executórios atípicos trazidos pelo Código de Processo Civil. Assim, foi possível evidenciar que a adoção de algumas destas medidas podem demonstrar ofensa à garantia fundamental do devido processo constitucional, vez que para a utilização das medidas executórias atípicas permitidas pelo Código de Processo Civil, é de suma importância à adoção de parâmetros razoáveis e proporcionais em cada caso levado à apreciação do poder judiciário, devendo sempre ser pautadas sob a égide dos princípios basilares trazidos pela Constituição e pelo próprio Código de Processo Civil.
ESTUPRO DE VULNERÁVEL: a relevância da palavra da vítima para fins de prova e condenação.
Authors: Silva Giovana Virginia Maria dos Reis , Comerlato Paschoalick Marília Bachi
Published: July 2021

O presente artigo tem como objetivo analisar e discorrer acerca das fragilidades advindas da previsão expressa no artigo 217-A do Código Penal, qual seja, o estupro de vulnerável, em especial a relevância da palavra da vítima para fins de fundamentar a sentença penal condenatória e a fragilidade dessa prova, que pode acarretar em uma injusta condenação. Isso porque ao atribuir um relevante valor probatório à palavra da vítima, como único meio de prova, sem se atentar as fragilidades e influências externas que a mesma pode estar revestida, ou seja, não considerar eventuais contextos em que a criança está inserida, abre-se brechas que podem incorrer em possíveis erros no processo. A título de exemplo, não raras vezes, ela por estar investida de falsas memórias em razão de alienação parental ou até mesmo em decorrência de erro no laudo psicológico, situações essas que serão abordadas no decorrer do trabalho. Sendo assim, necessária uma adequação no ordenamento jurídico penal brasileiro, conforme a realidade em que se vive e as transformações no entendimento e desenvolvimento das crianças e adolescentes, de forma a proteger o vulnerável e oferecer uma efetiva prestação jurisdicional, para que assim possa ser evitada a condenação de um inocente e suas inevitáveis consequências.
Plötzlich digital
Authors: Höckesfeld Corinna
Published: July 2021

Mit der Corona-Krise hat sich nicht nur das ehrenamtliche Engagement, das eigentlich „von der persönlichen Begegnung zwischen Einheimischen und Geflüchteten [lebt]“ (Schiffauer/Eilert/Rudloff 2017: 21), geändert. Mit den Covid-19-Maßnahmen wurden auch zentrale Orte (Unterkünfte) und Räume (Beratungs- oder Begegnungsräume) des Migrationsregimes geschlossen oder unter Quarantäne gestellt. Ausgehend von einer raumtheoretischen Analyse beleuchtet der Beitrag, wie sich Covid-19 und die damit einhergehende Schließung der öffentlichen Räume auf das ehrenamtliche Engagement für Geflüchtete in ländlichen Räumen ausgewirkt haben. Er fasst die Ergebnisse einer Umfrage zum Thema „Ehrenamt in Zeiten von Corona“, die u. a. im Landkreis Augsburg durchgeführt wurde, zusammen und geht der Frage nach, wie Ehrenamtliche und Geflüchtete diese Einschränkungen erlebt haben und welche Herausforderungen und Chancen für das ehrenamtliche Engagement in der Geflüchtetenarbeit damit einhergehen. Es wird gezeigt, wie wichtig persönliche Kontakte und der Zugang zu digitalen oder öffentlichen Räumen für die Unterstützung von Geflüchteten sind und viele digitale Angebote oft an der technischen Ausstattung oder der fehlenden Medienkompetenz von Geflüchteten scheitern.
Exploring the Uncharted Waters of European Competition Law 4.0
Authors: Schulze Hendrik
Published: July 2021

Today, Facebook and co. control more and more aspects of everyday life and the economy. Their data-driven business models pose new challenges, especially for competition law. Against this background, the book examines the interplay of competition and data protection law in a European context and aims to show whether the chronic data protection violations by the big players of the digital economy can also be dealt with under European competition law. The main focus of the work is to examine if and how data protection principles can be taken into account when applying Art. 102 TFEU and what alternative solutions to the competition law regulation of Facebook and co. exist.
Überwachungsdefizit in chinesischen börsennotierten Aktiengesellschaften
Authors: Long Jie
Published: July 2021

The recurrent tremendous corporate scandals on the Chinese capital market indicate the poor internal supervision performed by the supervisory board. It raises the question whether and to what extent the supervisory board of Chinese listed corporations is equipped with necessary information to exercise its supervisory function under the current regulatory framework. To answer this question, this paper deals with the information system of the supervisory board on the basis of a comparative study with German stock corporation law. As result, the supervisory board of Chinese listed corporations in fact cannot obtain sufficient information to exercise its supervisory function due to the extensive malfunction of the current information system.
Umfang und Grenzen der Bindungswirkung von Patientenverfügungen
Authors: Meyer Nathalie
Published: July 2021

The implementation of living wills continues to encounter uncertainties, which are examined in the context of this thesis. In addition to the question of the extent to which the participation of a patient representative is necessary for the implementation of an advance directive, it is also clarified whether the binding effect of an advance directive also exists if the natural will of the dementia patient who is incapable of consent appears to contradict the directive. The consequences under civil and criminal law of disregarding the patient's anticipated will are also dealt with. The aim of the work is to create greater legal certainty by which the tension between the protection of life and the patient's right to self-determination is to be resolved.
Beziehungskrisen
Authors: Aschmann Birgit
Published: July 2021

Die Bedeutung von Emotionen in der katalanischen Unabhängigkeitsbewegung.

Im Oktober 2017 eskalierte die spanische Verfassungskrise mit der katalanischen Unabhängigkeitserklärung. Die Spannungen zwischen den katalanischen Separatisten und dem spanischen Zentralstaat waren über Jahre angewachsen, und plötzlich schien sogar ein militärischer Zusammenstoß nicht mehr ausgeschlossen. Wie konnte es in einem demokratischen Vorzeigestaat in Westeuropa so weit kommen?

Um die Konfliktdynamik zu verstehen, nimmt Birgit Aschmann die Entwicklungen seit dem 19. Jahrhundert in den Blick. Es gelingt der Autorin, die massive Emotionalisierung der Politik der vorangegangenen Dekaden sichtbar zu machen. So wird deutlich, welche Akteure und welche Ereignisse die Dynamik befeuert haben und warum sie seit 2010 zusehends eskalierte.

Die katalanisch-spanischen Beziehungskrisen sind weit über die Iberische Halbinsel hinaus von Bedeutung: Sie warnen vor den Gefahren, die auch in westeuropäischen Gesellschaften von einer massiven Polarisierung und Emotionalisierung ausgehen.
Performance-Based Design for Healthcare Facilities
Authors: Gbenankpon Djima Wilfrid , Can Zulfikar Abdullah , Tüzün Cüneyt
Published: July 2021

Healthcare buildings are one of the most critical facilities in any country for their important roles just after an earthquake. In this context, working on the resistance of healthcare facilities against earthquake is of great importance for a probable future earthquake. However, in today’s world, in either private or governmental agencies, buildings earthquake resistant design is not within the primary criteria such as social facilities and architectural details need for the residents. While the structural system in any building are often considered the most important in the performance, it represent approximately only 20% of the total building cost. Consequently, structural engineers should look the seismic performance in an extensive context, looking at all the systems of the building than just the damage to structural items and life-safety. So to response to this issue, a next generation of seismic performance-based design methodology and tools have been outlined in the FEMAP58 documents to allow engineers to query out the seismic performance of an entire building in terms of future life loss, facility repair cost and repair time and that we summarized and applied in this chapter for a six (6) story special moment frame healthcare building.
Diversity of Tephritidae and Agromyzidae (Diptera: Brachycera) in Flower Heads of Asteraceae in the Chaco
Authors: A. Uchoa Manoel , S. Fernandes Anderson , N. Nakajima Jimi
Published: July 2021

The Chaco is an international biome, connecting four countries: Paraguay (230,000 km2), Bolivia (90,000 km2), Argentina (520,000 km2), and Brazil (Mato Grosso do Sul state (MS), with around 9,000 km2 and in the middle of South America. Brazilian Chaco is restricted to Porto Murtinho region, MS. The daisies (Asteraceae) with near 24,000 species worldwide is characterized by herbs and shrubs that coevolved with several taxa of endophagous insects: dipterans Agromyzidae, Ceciidomyidae and Tephritidae; Coleoptera (Apionidae), Hemiptera (Miridae), Lepidoptera (Blastobasidae, Gelechiidae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, and Tortricidae) and the parasitoids of this endophagous insects, which found in the daisies’s flower heads ideal conditions for food, breeding site and shelter. The Neotropical florivorous flies are the Agromyzinae (Agromyzidae), and Tephritinae (Tephritidae), which in their larval stage feed on Asteraceae inflorescences. To report the species of florivore flies, their host plants and parasitoids in flower heads of Asteraceae from the Brazilian Chaco, we sampled inflorescences of 25 species (± 500 flower heads/species) that were kept in containers to the emergence of the florivorous flies or their parasitoids sampled in the three phytophysiognomies. The adult insects after 48 hours of their emergence were fixed in 80% ethanol for later identification. A total 25 species of Asteraceae were evaluated in the Brazilian Chaco, being collected 17,000 flower heads. Nine tribes of two Asteraceae subfamilies were sampled, from which 15 species of florivorous flies were recovered. We found 5 genera with 9 of Tephritinae (Tephritidae), 6 species of Melanagromyza (Agromyzinae, Agromyzidae), and 104 parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the florivorous flies.
Regulation of T-reg/Th-17 Balance: One Step Closer Towards Immunotherapy Against Malaria Infection
Authors: Mukherjee Saikat , Ghosh Soubhik , Bhattacharyya Arindam
Published: July 2021

According to World Malaria Report 2020, the rate of decline in malaria case incidence and deaths caused by malaria has ceased in latter half of the past decade. Though Artemisinin Combination Therapy (ACT) is still the major therapeutic approach globally to treat malaria patients, increased resistance of Plasmodium sp. to artemisinin can be looked upon as a major factor responsible for the rate of decline. In the present world, immunotherapeutic approaches are in the limelight to treat several infections, autoimmune disorders, cancers but application of such therapeutic measures in case of malaria are yet not available. Among different immune cells, T-regulatory cells (T-reg) and Th-17 cells and the balance between them, helps in determining the outcome of the immune response in host during both lethal and non-lethal malaria. TGFβ and IL-6 are two major cytokines that play important role in fine tuning the Treg/Th-17 balance by modulating dendritic cell responses, specially by regulating the ratio between myeloid DC and plasmacytoid DC (mDC/pDC). Studies in rodent malaria models have revealed that neutralization of IL-6 by using anti IL-6 monoclonal antibodies in-vivo has been found effective in declining the parasitemia, malaria induced deaths and also in reverting back the altered T-reg/Th-17 balance to normal levels. Apart from these, autophagy is one of the major factors which also contributes to regulate the T-reg/Th-17 balance. In malaria infected mice, autophagy induction has been found to normalise the dysregulated T-reg/Th-17 ratio and promote anti-inflammatory Th-2 pathway by supressing pro-inflammatory Th-1 pathway. So, Treg/Th-17 balance and its associated regulators can be important immunotherapeutic targets for malaria prevention in near future.
Management of New Special Devices for Intubation in Difficult Airway Situations
Authors: Pérez-Civantos Demetrio , Muñoz-Cantero Alicia , Fuentes Morillas Francisco , Nieto Sánchez Pablo , Ángeles Santiago Triviño María , Durán Caballero Natalia
Published: July 2021

Difficult airway management in critically ill patients has serious implications, as failing to secure a stable airway can lead to a brain injury or even death. Early recognition of a difficult airway can allow the clinician to minimize the potential morbid-mortality. In this chapter, we describe all about the common scenarios that we may tackle when we need to secure a patent airway. It is important to know common definitions about the airway, pre-visualize potential problems and knowing how to be aware of the different pathways on managing and solving the different problems that clinicians may face. It is highlighted to know all the different medical equipment and medication used when an airway is suspected not to be easy to manage or when problems arrive without warning and the practitioner needs to rapidly change the plan on the go. We discuss the current most relevant guidelines and literature about this subject trying to give a practical approach.
THz Imaging for Food Inspections: A Technology Review and Future Trends
Authors: Zappia Sonia , Crocco Lorenzo , Catapano Ilaria
Published: July 2021

Terahertz imaging is the newest among non-invasive sensing technologies and currently huge attention is pointed towards its use in several applications. Among possible applications, food inspection represents one of the most prominent cases, due to the possible dangerous impact on human safety. Hence, significant efforts are currently addressed towards the exploitation of THz imaging as a tool to improve the effectiveness of food quality surveys. This chapter deals with the exploitation of THz imaging technology for food quality control and assessment. In particular, the chapter aims at reviewing the latest developments regarding THz imaging, both in terms of measurement systems and data processing methodologies. Moreover, the chapter summarizes experiments available in literature and presents some purposely designed experiments to address the discussion on currently open issues.
An Historical Overview of the Amyloidoses
Authors: S. Harrison Jonathan , Cohen Yossi , Ioffe Irina , Bulvik Shlomo
Published: July 2021

The amyloidoses are a heterogenous group of clinical disorders that share the common finding of the abnormal deposition of insoluble proteins into various organs, with the result that these proteinaceous deposits disrupt cellular function and impair the integrity of the organs involved. Most typically, the abnormal protein deposition is the consequence of abnormal three dimensional folding of the culprit protein. The abnormal folding of the protein, in turn, may be due to a germ line mutation, may be due to an acquired mutation, or may be due to a polymorphism or characteristic of a normal protein that leads to abnormal folding, precipitation, and deposition of the protein, particularly when that protein is expressed at unusually high levels for a prolonged period of time. The clinical manifestations of an amyloid disorder are the consequences of the array of organs involved, the extent of amyloid deposition, and co-morbid conditions present in the individual patient. The array of organs involved, and the extent of organ involvement, in turn, depend in large part on the specific protein that is responsible for the amyloid deposition, and the process driving that protein’s production. In this chapter, a chronological overview is intended to summarize the critical insights into the patho-biology of amyloid accumulation of various types. These insights have allowed an improved understanding over time of the of the major subgroups and disease entities of the amyloidoses, leading to some degree of improvement in diagnosis and treatment outcomes. Unfortunately, as of this writing, treatment outcomes still remain poor for a large fraction of patients, and there is need for improvement in all aspects of the evaluation and management of these diseases.
COVID-19 and Psychological Distress among Older Adults in Ghana
Authors: Kwame Morgan Anthony , Cobbold Justin , Aberinpoka Awafo Beatrice , Katey Daniel , Quartey Theophilus , Ibrahim Rahinatu
Published: July 2021

COVID-19, the novel of all respiratory pandemics, has since its global invasion remained a significant threat in all spheres of human endeavour. This phenomenon has led to short-term and long-term psychosocial and mental health implications for many populations, particularly vulnerable groups, of which older people form part. This paper fills the lacuna in research on how the pandemic is breeding psychological distress among older people. Cross-sectional data were obtained from an Ageing, Health, Lifestyle and Health Services (AHLHS) study conducted between June 2020 and August 2020 (N = 400) in the Ashanti and Greater Accra regions of Ghana. Sequential logistic regression models were performed to estimate the variables that predict psychological distress, whereas descriptive statistics were used to determine the extent of psychological distress among the study population. This study revealed that psychological distress was somehow prevalent, necessitating early intervention to minimise the risks of the said health risk. Additionally, gender, employment status, chronic NCDs, perceived health status and receipt of COVID-19 information were significantly associated with psychological distress among the respondents. It is necessary to employ strategies to minimise the psychological distress in Ghana during this pandemic.
Reliability and Reproducibility of DNA Profiling from Degraded Samples in Forensic Genetics
Authors: V. Ioganson Elena , I. Timerzianov Marat , V. Perelman Marina , A. Kravtsova Olga
Published: July 2021

Forensic DNA analysis is widely used to determine kinship and the identity of evidence from the crime scene and it is especially important in the identification of human remains after different types of exposure (water, heat, etc.). Currently, there are no official recommendations for forensic scientists as to which bones and tissues are the most reliable among degraded DNA samples. Since 2014 more than 350 fragments of unidentified corpses have been examined in the Forensic Biological Department (Republic Bureau of Forensic Medicine, Kazan, Russia). Based on our experience, the most reliable and reproducible DNA profiles are obtained from lower limber bones (in 90% cases), muscles (in 85% cases) and ribs (in 80% cases). However, we discovered a new source of DNA – the odontoid process of the 2nd cervical vertebra, which contains a high amount of DNA with a better state of preservation than many other bones. According to our results, when a complete skeleton or unidentified corpse is found, it is advisable to provide bones with soft tissue remnants in the absence of deeply embedded putrefactive changes. When working at the crime scene, special attention should be paid to separating small bones and fragments from skeletal remains.
Risk Management in the Area of Major Industrial Accident Prevention in the EU and Slovak Republic
Authors: Holla Katarina , Sventekova Eva
Published: July 2021

The SEVESO II and III Directives relate to approximately 12,000 EU establishments working with the hazardous substances. The majority of EU member states implement new requirements of the SEVESO III Directive to their legal environment. The third revision goes hand in hand with the enforcement of the CLP legislation, concerning the Classification, Labelling and Packaging of chemical substances and mixtures. Risk Management is appearing as one of the most important challenges nowadays to raise the prevention level in these establishments. The book chapter analyses the industrial accidents and identified consequences and impacts whose results can be implemented to the effective prevention. The benefit of this chapter is the summarisation of the legal regulations, information systems and especially the statistics of the industrial accidents in Slovakia and the EU. The risk assessment is one of the problem areas of prevention therefore, it was necessary to present the methods and techniques utilised here and to clarify the approach used in the Slovak Republic. The programme ALOHA is most frequently used for modelling the consequences and therefore we presented its possible utilisation on a particular example at the end of this article. The main goal of this chapter is to show how is important to proceed risk management in establishments with hazardous substances is, what kind of methods should be use here to decrease risks and possibilities for modelling its impacts.
Latent Heat Storage: An Introduction
Authors: Teamah Hebatallah
Published: July 2021

This chapter includes an introduction to thermal energy storage systems. It lists the areas of application of the storage. It also includes the different storage systems; sensible, latent, and chemical. It concentrates on the concept and the application of latent thermal storage. A detailed overview of the energy storage capacity of latent systems is discussed. The motivation and the challenge to incorporate phase change materials in the storage system are highlighted. Next, a classification of different phase change materials (PCMs) and their applicability in different temperature ranges of operations are analyzed. A thorough review will be presented for its industrial applications.
Organoid Technology and the COVID Pandemic
Authors: Sanyal Ria , K. Paul Manash
Published: July 2021

COVID-19 is caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and has emerged as a devastating pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 not only causes respiratory illness but also leads to impairment of multi-organ function. Scientists are racing to evaluate a range of experimental therapeutics to target COVID-19 systemically. The World Health Organization (WHO) and the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) are accelerating global research priorities to mobilize innovation towards diagnostics, treatments, and vaccines against COVID-19. In this scenario, information about appropriate organ-specific physiologically relevant models is critical to generate knowledge about the pathophysiology and therapeutic targeting of COVID-19. Human and animal organoids are providing a unique platform, demonstrating their applicability for experimental virology. This review provides a brief analysis of the available organoid models used to study and device strategies to combat COVID-19.
Novel Sensor Based on Nanocarbon Transducer Functionalized by Iron (III) Porphyrin for the Impedimetric Detection of Bisphenol A
Authors: Hsine Zouhour , Mlika Rym
Published: July 2021

In this chapter, an impedimetric response of iron (III) porphyrin (Fe(III)TMPP) functionalized on gold transducer towards the detection of three phenolic compounds entitled bisphenol A (BPA), 2,2′-biphenol and catechol has been studied. The bisphenol A that has revealed the best affinity with Fe(III)TMPP membrane has been chosen as the target analyte. For improved sensitivity of Au/Fe(III)TMPP sensor towards BPA, a facile and efficient Au/RGO nanocarbon transducer based on reduced graphene oxide (RGO) has been prepared and used to support Fe(III)TMPP membrane. The obtained Au/RGO/Fe(III)TMPP structure was characterized by UV–visible (UV–vis) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements, then applied as electrochemical platform for BPA detection. It has been discovered that the Au/RGO nanocarbon transducer has an amplified electron transfer kinetic compared to unmodified Au transducer. The Au/RGO/Fe(III)TMPP structure has showed a better affinity towards BPA with a doubled sensitivity compared to that obtained with Au/Fe(III)TMPP electrode. We demonstrated that the Au/RGO nanocarbon transducer not only enhances the electron transfer ability but also serves as a good template for the attachment of Fe(III)TMPP throughπ-π interaction. This study reveals new high-potential of nanocarbon transducer based on RGO for the conception of electrochemical sensors with high sensitivity and short response time.
Graph Models in Information Hiding
Authors: Wu Hanzhou
Published: July 2021

Information hiding allows us to hide secret information into digital objects such as images without significantly distorting the objects. The object containing hidden information will be transmitted to a data receiver via a probably insecure channel. To securely transmit the object carrying hidden information, the distortion caused by data embedding should be as low as possible, which is referred to as the rate-distortion optimization problem. Many conventional methods optimize the data embedding procedure by a heuristic fashion, which may be not optimal in terms of the rate-distortion performance. In this chapter, we introduce novel approaches that use graph theory for information hiding. These graph models are general and can be used for improving the rate-distortion performance of information hiding systems. In addition to rate-distortion optimization, recent graph models used for system design of information hiding will be also reviewed. This chapter is intended as a tutorial introducing advanced graph models applied to information hiding.
Microstructural and High Temperature Wear Characteristics of Plasma Transferred Arc Hardfaced Ni–Cr–Si–B-C Alloy Deposits
Authors: Gnanasekaran S. , Jerold Samuel Chelladurai Samson , Padmanaban G. , Sivananthan S.
Published: July 2021

Due to the tough working environments, wear damage to nuclear reactor components is frequent. Usually, nuclear elements run at 573 k to 873 k. The feed water controller valves, used for the thundering of coolant flow, wear out faster among the reactor components. Austenitic stainless steels, using different methods for hardfacing, improve wear resistance to the cobalt and nickel alloys. Nickel based hardfacing is more resistant to wear than cobalt based hardfacing at high temperatures thanks to the solid oxide layers. Austenitic stainless-steel substrates generally favor nickel-based hardfaced (Ni–Cr-Si–B-C) over cobalt-driven hardfacing because this reduces radiation-induced nuclear activity. A well-known surface method for depositing nickel hardfacing, minimal dilution, alloys is the Plasma Transfer Arc (PTAs) weld technique. In this study the Ni-based alloy is hardfaced over a 316 L (N) ASS substratum with PTA hardfacing, for a dense of approximately 4–4.5 mm. The substrates and deposits were tested at different temperatures with a pin on disc wear (room temperature, 150 and 250°C).When grinding with 1000 grain SiC abrasive paper, the wear test samples were polished to the roughness value (Ra) of less than 0,25 m.The deposit showed a variety of wear mechanisms regarding the test temperature. Using friction and wear values and wear analysis, the wear mechanisms were determined. There was a considerable wear loss at room temperature (RT).At 423 K operating heat, mild ploughing at short sliding distances and tribo-oxidation were carried out with increasing sliding time.The primary wear mechanism was adherence at the time of operating temperature at 623 K, but as the sliding distance widened, tribo-oxidation improved. In combination with a working hardened substrate, the formation of an oxide layer could significantly reduce the wear loss of nickel-based alloys.
Bringing Out the Best
Authors: S. Hewett Brittany
Published: July 2021

Bringing Out the Best (BOB) is an early intervention program that provides short term, free, family-centered, and community-based services that target children in early childhood (ages 0–5). A priority goal of the program is to increase the number of children that are healthy and ready to succeed as they enter school. Through trainings and technical assistance for educators and administrators, trainings and consultation for families, and screenings and individual interventions for children, specialists, families and teachers collaboratively develop individualized plans for increasing a child’s success in the classroom and at home. BOB is in its 15th year of operation under the Center for Youth, Family, and Community Partnerships at UNC Greensboro and has served over 2400 participants to date. With BOB’s aim to increase the number of healthy children ready to succeed as they enter school, this chapter will emphasize that although elementary students may not be entering physical classrooms this year, the attendance for childcare centers has maintained if not increased; therefore, social and emotional learning are even more essential to the early care curriculum. This chapter will describe the previous processes in place at BOB as well as measures taken to reinvent those services during the COVID-19 pandemic.