bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Diadococinesia oral e função mastigatória em idosos saudáveis
Authors: Costa Danila Rodrigues , Totta Tatiane , Silva-Arone Marcela Maria Alves da , Brasolotto Alcione Ghedini , Berretin-Felix Giédre
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Relacionar os achados da diadococinesia (DDC) oral com a função mastigatória em idosos saudáveis.Métodos Análise de prontuários e arquivos de imagens de 35 idosos saudáveis, entre 60 e 74 anos de idade. Considerou-se o tipo mastigatório e outros comportamentos associados à mastigação de uma fatia de pão francês de 1cm de espessura, análise da apreensão do alimento, formação do bolo alimentar e mensuração do tempo de mastigação, utilizando cronômetro. Para avaliação da DDC, foram analisadas as emissões silábicas "pa", "ta", "ka" e a trissílaba "pataka", quanto aos parâmetros fornecidos automaticamente pelo programaMotor Speech Profile Advanced -KayPentax®. Para correlação entre os aspectos qualitativos da função mastigatória e a DDC, foi realizada estatística pertinente.Resultados A análise estatística demonstrou correlação entre o tempo mastigatório e os parâmetros coeficiente de variação do pico da intensidade da sílaba ‘'ta'' e perturbações do período da sílaba ‘'ka'', indicando instabilidade da DDC. Para o tipo mastigatório, apreensão e formação do bolo alimentar não houve correlação com os dados da DDC oral.Conclusão A DDC oral correlacionou-se com o tempo mastigatório em idosos saudáveis, evidenciando que, quanto maior a instabilidade na repetição dos movimentos de ponta e dorso de língua durante a produção articulatória, maior o tempo necessário para a preparação do alimento para a deglutição.
Adaptação cultural do questionário Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ) para o Português Brasileiro
Authors: Gonsalez Elisiane Crestani de Miranda , Almeida Kátia de
Published: October 2015

Objetivo Traduzir e adaptar, culturalmente, o questionário Speech, Spatial and Qualities of Hearing Scale(SSQ) para o Português Brasileiro.Métodos Foi realizada a tradução, retrotradução, avaliação por comitê de especialistas e adaptação cultural (pré-teste). A fase de adaptação cultural constou da aplicação do questionário em 40 brasileiros adultos, normo-ouvintes e alfabetizados em português. Foram elaboradas duas versões do SSQ em português, a primeira aplicada no Grupo Piloto 1 (20 sujeitos) e, após revisão do comitê de especialistas, uma segunda versão foi aplicada no Grupo Piloto 2 (20 sujeitos). Para haver equivalência cultural do questionário, é necessário que 85% dos indivíduos não apresentem dificuldades para compreender as questões. A consistência interna do SSQ, em português, foi verificada por meio do coeficiente alfa de Cronbach.Resultados Foi identificada dificuldade de compreensão na questão 14 da Parte 2 e na questão 5 da Parte 3. As demais questões foram compreendidas por mais de 85% dos participantes. As questões problemáticas foram revistas e modificadas, de forma a não alterar o contexto. Na aplicação da versão final do SSQ foi obtida uma boa equivalência cultural para o Português Brasileiro, já que 91,6% dos participantes relataram fácil entendimento de todas as questões. A análise estatística revelou alto coeficiente alpha de Cronbach (>0,8), demonstrando boa consistência interna entre os diversos itens do questionário.Conclusão A metodologia empregada foi eficaz para estabelecer a tradução e equivalência cultural do SSQ para o Português Brasileiro.
THE PRESENT STATE OF BOTANICAL INVESTIGATIONS IN CÔTE D’IVOIRE
Authors: KOFFI Kouao Jean , KOUASSI Akossoua Faustine , ADOU YAO Constant Yves , BAKAYOKO Adama , IPOU Ipou Joseph , BOGAERT Jan
Published: October 2015

The aim of this present study is to summarize the current state of research on the flora of the Côte d’Ivoire from the SIG IVOIRE database to better direct future collection efforts. Herbarium specimen data used for this study covered the period from 1894 to 2000, and were assembled by 226 collectors. This database comprises 15,228 samples, grouped in 3621 species, 1371 genera, and 198 families. A grid system was used to cover the Ivorian territory at spatial resolution of 0.75° x 0.75°. Indices of evenness and completeness were calculated to characterize sampling and identify floristically well-known regions. The exploration of the Ivorian territory is far from uniform, such that some areas were more densely surveyed, but others partially or not at all. The regions of Grands Ponts, Agnéby-Tiassa, Loh-Djiboua, part of Gbèkè, Boukani, San Pedro and Cavally were floristically well known; environmentally, the largest gaps in coverge were in the mountains in western Côte d'Ivoire.
A genotyping assay for missense mutation in WISP3 gene associated with childhood onset pseudorheumatoid arthropathy
Authors: Pojskic Lejla , Gavrankapetanovic Ismet , Lojo-Kadric Naida , Hadziselimovic Rifat , Bajrovic Kasim
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia (PPD) is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder reported to be caused by gene alterations of the Wnt1-inducible signaling pathway protein 3 corresponding gene (WISP3) located on chromosome position 6q22.  Up to date, there is only a handful of WISP3 mutations identified in Europe, whereas most mutations are identified in Asia and Middle East.  According to our knowledge, this is the first report of genetic dissection of WISP3 associated with spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda from Bosnia and Herzegovina. Based on clinical examination findings (general manifestations, physical examination, characteristics of their bones on X-ray and laboratory results), an index patient was directed to WISP3 genotyping for confirmation of suspected diagnosis of PPD.Methods: DNA was extracted from peripheral blood leukocytes. All 5 exons and their exon-intron boundaries of the WISP3 gene were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced by Sanger method. Segregation analysis was done to confirm the familial carrier status.Results: A missense mutation (C223G) - homozygous T to G transition at c.667 in exon 4 was identified in index patient. This mutation changed codon CAG to TAG and resulted in a subsequent change of the cysteine to glycine codon. Same mutation was observed in both parents in heterozygous form confirming the familial segregation.Conclusion: Due to its nature, the identified mutation C223G in exon 4 in WISP3 gene is the most probably causative for PPD in described patient. Here we describe the PCR based method for genotyping of specific mutation in WISP3 gene. The identification of this mutation might be a valuable addition to a regional databases on rare genetic variant although a functional analysis should be performed to explain its pathological effect.
Auriga y mis juguetes de piedra: una aventura escultórica entre arte y juego. In memoriam Benjamín Martino
Authors: Vaz-Romero Trueba Oriol
Published: October 2015

Estas páginas, dedicadas a la memoria del escultor Benjamín Martino Martino (1935-2010), desvelan el proceso creativo de mis figuras de hierro y piedra. Entrelazando un conjunto inédito de bocetos, fotografías y anotaciones extraídas de varios cuadernos de viaje, nos proponemos inquirir hasta qué punto la experiencia poética puede erigirse en un modo singular de conocimiento. Para este fin, hemos tratado de ordenar las etapas que marcaron la cons- trucción de la escultura pública Auriga (2004), en cuya construcción participó Benjamín Martino, y la actual serie de Sibilas, formada por cincuenta “juguetes” de piedras etruscas. Tratando de articular la intuición del artista con el lenguaje analítico del humanista, exploraremos la frontera entre arte, juego y mito, los tres componentes principales de las obras aquí tratadas. En esta investigación, el asombro se presenta además como el mecanismo prístino del impulso creador del artista, del niño y de la mitopoyética, constitutiva de los grandes relatos de las culturas arcaicas. Así pues, el asombro no es suspensión de la mente, sino (con)moción de la imaginación, estado natural en el que el niño habita y que el adulto debe reconquistar con esfuerzo, pues en esa experiencia de asombro acaso se esconde lo que Stefan Zweig llamó el “misterio de la creación artística”.
Abstracción referencial. Philippe Decrauzat. Formas que omiten a lo que aluden.
Authors: Trigo Ricardo
Published: October 2015

En este texto vamos a analizar el trabajo del artista Philippe Decrauzat (Lausanne, 1974). Su obra nos servirá para definir un tipo de abstracción formalmente muy similar a trabajos icónicos de la tradición del arte abstracto, trabajos que nos pueden recordar a obras de artistas minimalistas como Robert Morris y Frank Stella, piezas op art, o trabajos de Waclaw Szpakowski de los años 1920. Sin embargo, su objetivo es el de realizar un giro conceptual sobre esas semejanzas y códigos, de colocar al espectador en lugares alejados de la red de seguridad que constituye el saber del lenguaje del arte abstracto forjado a lo largo del siglo XX.
Asalto a la comunicación. Una redefinición del “fake” como práctica artística activista en la sociedad de la información.
Authors: Brusadin Vanni
Published: October 2015

El fake es al mismo tiempo un término genérico de la jerga de las redes y una estrategia de intervención artística y activista basada en la suplantación de identidad, la difusión de noticias falsas y otras formas de confusión momentánea en la esfera pública dominada por la comunicación de masas. En este artículo se propone una definición más rigurosa del término, centrada en tres cuestiones generales: el fake no como mera falsificación, sino como mecanismo de desactivación de marcos discursivos; en segundo lugar, su capacidad de provocar conflictos simbólicos en relación a un entorno social y político determinado; y finalmente su estrecha relación con el uso histórico y social de las tecnologías de comunicación. Este último punto permitirá esbozar un nuevo reto: entender la evolución de las prácticas del fake en la época de las redes sociales y de la “datificación” de la sociedad.
Grafts of Creativity
Authors: Sais Gruart Carme
Published: October 2015

AbstractBòlit, Centre d’Art Contemporani. Girona, presents the annual Bòlit mentor program with the goal of strengthening interaction between contemporary creation and society.The idea is to invite artists to carry out workshops in secondary schools. One of the objectives is to encourage younger students to look upon art with interest and respect. The result of the experience and the artistic results jointly obtained are later the basis for an exhibition. The last edition of the project sought to serve as a modest wake-up call to art professors who have given in to the system. The Art of Leaping was the name of the exhibition showing the results of the experience, bringing young students to an art centre for the first time.
Increasing Personal Safety in Road Transport Using the Emergency Call Service
Authors:   VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava Faculty of Safety Engineering,  Department of Security services Czech Republic, Žabenský Jakub , Ščurek Radomír
Published: October 2015

Constantly increasing requirements on road safety lead to the development of new technologies and safety systems implemented in motor vehicles. Most of these systems help prevent accidents or reduce the severity of subsequent damage to persons and property occurred during an accident. However, these systems do not contribute to reduce the delay of the first aid ensured to injured persons. This function provides an emergency call system, which is capable of immediate detection of traffic accidents and ensures automatic transfer of information about the accident to the emergency call center. The information transfer is realized via GSM network, which may be disrupted by certain risk factors. The article presents the outcomes of the experiments in which these factors were evaluated.
Selected Method of Diagnosing Aviation Ergatic Systems
Authors:   Technical University of Košice, Faculty of Aeronautics, Slovakia, Kurdel Pavol , Češkovič Marek , Nyulászi Ladislav , Adamčík František
Published: October 2015

Insufficiency in showing errors in aviation ergatic system is understood to be a situation when there is no available information about the system or some of the board information is unreliable. With the use of the method of automatic diagnosis it is possible to analyse the symptoms of analytical redundancy. Residual differences, i.e. residuents, which are the final value expression of the consequences (effects) of function observation, which are measured on obtained mathematical model, are the keystones of this method. The content of the mathematical model application contains generator of residuents, i.e. signals, which carry the information about the incorrectness (errors) and aviation ergatic system (AES) failures.
Information for Tribal Development: A Case Study of Santals' Attitude and Adjustment
Authors: Ray Partha Pratim
Published: October 2015

Information is considered as one of the most powerful instruments for bringing about socio-economic development on egalitarian line. After independence Government has undertaken various measures for increase of literacy among the people, especially for Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe communities and to make them educated, aware about the need and importance of information, knowledge for development. The present study is an attempt to examine whether three successive generations of the primitive community, the Santals, living in close proximity with the educated and cultured environment of Visva-Bharati, Santiniketan have brought about any change in their attitude towards education in general and information in particular. It was observed from the study that there is no significant difference of attitude generation wise towards information.
Demographic Characteristics of Agricultural Scientists in India: A Study
Authors: Singh K. P.
Published: October 2015

The paper is an outcome of the research study on demographic characteristics of agricultural scientists working in the ICAR institutions of Delhi and Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana'. Data has been collected through a structured questionnaire. The study discusses the various attributes of agricultural scientists such as gender, age, designation, field of specialisation, purpose of research, etc agricultural scientists. The study found that out of 375 respondents more than 89 percent respondents were to male and the while remaining 11 percent were female.
The Key Role of Knowledge-Oriented Leadership Regarding to Knowledge Management Practices in Innovation Performance of Manufacturing and Commercial Companies of Guilan Province
Authors: Safari Alborz , Azadehdel Mohammad Raza
Published: October 2015

In the new business environment that is characterized by turbulence and increasing complexity, the ability to establish and maintain a company's competitive advantage lies in its knowledge. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impact of knowledge oriented leadership on the innovation performance regarding to the role of knowledge management practices in manufacturing and commercial companies of Guilan province. The research is applied in terms of objective, and its methodology is descriptive. The population of study included manufacturing and commercial companies of Guilan province. To select a sample, convenience method was used .According to the Cochrane limited formula, total of 282 people were selected. Cronbach's alpha for reliability of the questionnaire was used. In this study, data were analyzed, by descriptive analysis, structural equation modeling and path analysis using SPSS 22 and Lisrel 8.50. Findings suggest that knowledge-oriented leadership has effect on creation of knowledge and application knowledge. Knowledge creation and application of knowledge has effect on the innovation performance. It was found that knowledge management practices has a mediating role in the relationship between knowledge-oriented leadership and innovation performance
Relations Between Atherogenic Index of Plasma, Ratio of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein/Lecithin Cholesterol Acyl Transferase and Ratio of Small Dense Low Density Lipoprotein/Cholesteryl Ester Transfer Protein of Controlled and Uncontrolled Type 2 DM
Authors: Susanti Ellis , Donosepoetro Marsetio , Lawrence Gatot Susilo
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Patients with Diabetes Melitus are proven to be prone to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, especially type 2 Diabetes Melitus (T2DM) patient who have higher risk and mortality for cardiovascular risk factor. The Dyslipidemia condition is very common in T2DM as one of the risk factors. Diabetic dyslipidemia is marked by the increased triglyceride (TG), low HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), and increased small dense LDL and apolipoprotein B. Therefore the aim of this study is to assess the differential and correlation between Atherogenic Index of Plasma (AIP), ratio of small dense low density lipoprotein (sdLDL)/lecithin cholesterol acyl transferase (LCAT) and ratio of sdLDL/cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) of controlled and uncontrolled T2DM.METHODS: This study was observational with cross sectional design. In total of 72 patients with T2DM consist of 36 controlled and 36 uncontrolled, participated in this study. The serum TG, HDL-C, sdLDL, LCAT and CETP were examined in their relationship with to T2DM risk.RESULTS: The results of the study indicate that the AIP (p<0.001) increase controlled and uncontrolled T2DM and the ratio of sdLDL/CETP (p=0.004), odds ratio of AIP was 4 (95% CI : 1.501-10.658) and odds ratio of sdLDL/CETP ratio was 4 (95% CI : 1.501-10.658) in uncontrolled T2DM.CONCLUSION: This study showed that the AIP and ratio of small dense LDL/CETP had a significant correlation with the uncontrolled T2DM. The AIP and ratio of small dense LDL/CETP increase was found at the uncontrolled T2DM to be 4 times greater than the controlled T2DM.KEYWORDS: T2DM, atherosclerosis, atherogenic index of plasma, small dense LDL, LCAT, CETP, ratio of sdLDL/LCAT, ratio of sdLDL/CETP
Relationship Between gamma-Glutamyltransferase (gamma-GT) with High Sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Oxidized (Ox-LDL) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) on Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Patient
Authors: Arifin Marissa , Donosepoetro Marsetio , Kasiman Sutomo
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Recent clinical studies have suggested that γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT) can trigger oxidative stress within the plaque. This study aimed to investigate whether serum γ-GT might be as a risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD), and measure the associations of serum γ-GT with high sensitive C-Reactive Protein (hs-CRP), Oxidized LDL (Ox-LDL) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx).METHODS: This study recruited 48 patients aged 30-70 year who underwent coronary angiography at Haji Adam Malik Medical Center at Medan between February and April 2008 and who presented at least one coronary stenosis of > 50% of the luminar diameter. The sample subjects were consecutively selected.RESULTS: γ-Glutamyltransferase was positively associated (r = 0.546) with hs-CRP as a marker of chronic inflammation after careful adjustment for other established risk factors in CHD patient. But, there was no significant difference between γ-GT in male and female patients. Further, there were no correlations between γ-GT and Ox-LDL and GPx. Ratio of γ-GT/GPx was measured as well, and it was associated with hs-CRP.CONCLUSIONS: Ratio of γ-GT/GPx was associated with inflammation process in coronary heart disease patients.KEYWORDS: γ-glutamyltransferase (γ-GT), inflammation, oxidative stress, coronary heart disease
Association Between Free Fatty Acid (FFA) and Insulin Resistance: The Role of Inflammation (Adiponectin and high sensivity C-reactive Protein/hs-CRP) and Stress Oxidative (Superoxide Dismutase/SOD) in Obese Non-Diabetic Individual
Authors: Sukmawati Indriyanti Rafi , Donoseputro Marsetio , Lukito Widjaja
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Obesity is highly related to insulin resistance, therefore, the increased number of obesity is followed by the increased prevalence of type 2 Diabetes Melitus. Obesity is associated with increased of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in muscle, liver and endothelial cells. The increase of ROS would lead to insulin resistance (IR) and increased proinflamatory protein. FFA plays an important role in IR by inhibiting muscle glucose transport and oxidation via effects on serin/threonine phosphorylation of IRS-1. The aim of this study was discover the existence of SOD, hs-CRP and and adiponectin levels towards the occurrence of insulin resistance which was caused by elevated level of FFA and to discover the interaction between SOD, hs-CRP and adiponectin in non diabetic obese adult male.METHOD: This was observational study with cross sectional design. There were 65 obese male non diabetic subjects and 45 non obese male non diabetic subjects who met the criteria. In this study, measurements were done on body mass index (BMI), fasting glucose, insulin, adiponectin, hs-CRP and SOD. Obese was defined as BMI >25 kg/m2, normal weight was defined as BMI 18.5-23 kh/m2 and Insulin Resistance was defined as HOMA-IR >1.RESULT: This study showed that Hypoadiponectinemia condition, decreased SOD level and high level of hs-CRP is associated with insulin resistance in obese non diabetic subject. Adiponectin and SOD were correlated negatively with insulin resistance in obese non diabetic (Adiponectin, r=-0.455, p<0.001; SOD, r=-0.262, p=0.003), hs-CRP was positively correlated with insulin resistance in obese non diabetic (r=0.592, p<0.001). FFA levels was increased in obese insulin resistance compared with non obese non insulin resistance. The Odds Ratio of Adiponectin, hs-CRP and SOD in this study was analyzed by logistic binary. The OR for SOD 3.6 (p=0.001), hs-CRP 9.1 (p<0.001) and Adiponectin 7.2 (p<0.001).CONCLUSION: This study suggested that FFA levels  increased in obese insulin resistance as compared with non obese non insulin resistance. Hypoadiponectinemia, decreased SOD and elevated hs-CRP were associated with insulin resistance in obese non diabetic subjects.KEYWORDS: obesity, insulin resistance, FFA, SOD, hs-CRP, adiponectin
Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 (FGF21), Free Fatty Acid (FFA), High Sensitivity C-reactive Protein (hsCRP) and Homeostasis Model Assessment of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) Among Indonesian Obese Non-Diabetic Males
Authors: Lina Yani , Lawrence Gatot Susilo , Wijaya Andi , As'ad Suryani
Published: October 2015

BACKGROUND: Fibroblast growth factor-21 (FGF21) is known as an important endocrine and paracrine regulator of metabolic homeostasis. Recent studies have shown that FGF21 attenuates lipolysis in human adipocytes, which is suggested as a FGF21's mechanism as anti-hyperlipidemia, anti-hyperglycemia and anti-obesity. The aim of this study was to measure the correlation between FGF21, FFA, hsCRP and HOMA-IR among Indonesian obese non diabetic males.METHOD: The study was observational with cross sectional design. The analysis was done in 137 subjects aged 30-60 years with non diabetic abdominal obesity. We measured the biochemical markers FGF21, FFA, hsCRP, fasting insulin and fasting glucose. We also measured weight, height, waist circumrefence (WC), creatinine, serum glutamin oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT), and serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Correlation between markers was measured using Pearson and Spearman's analysis.  RESULT: There were significant positive correlations between FGF21-HOMA-IR (r=0.314, p=0.000); FGF21-WC (r=0.173, p=0.043); FFA=hsCRP (r=0.270, p=0.001); and WC-HOMA-IR (r=0.279, p=0.001). There was significant negative correlation between FGF21-FFA (r=-0.038, p=0.657) and FGF21-hsCRP (r=-0.061, p=0.482). CONCLUSION: In this study we found that although there was no significant correlation, FGF21 might act as an anti-lipolytic and anti-inflammation agent among Indonesian obese non-diabetic males. Our findings agree with results of previous studies that the positive correlation between FGF21-WC and FGF21-HOMA-IR moght occur as a compensatory mechanism or resistance to FGF21 in obesity.KEYWORDS: Obesity, FGF21, FFA, hsCRP, HOMA-IR
Two challenges of a selectionist analogy to the theory of selection by consequences
Authors: Santana Luiz Henrique
Published: October 2015

The explanatory system developed by Skinner culminated in the formulation of an explanatory mechanism that should address the behavior as an analogy between natural selection of Darwin and operant conditioning. Skinner believed that this analogy would be enough to sort the behavioral disciplines into three explanatory levels: phylogenetic, ontogenetic and cultural. However, before Darwin’s theory became a universal paradigm for biology, it was necessary to find a substrate on which selection could act in order to test the limits and scope given by Darwinian formulation, i.e., Mendel’s discoveries about genetic transmission of hereditary characters. Beyond neodarwinist synthesis, the Experimental Analysis of Behavior still does not have a biological basis for the test of the Skinner hypothesis about the selection of operant behavior as an analogue of natural selection. In addition, there is not a mathematical model to predict the distribution of variability of individual repertoire in an analogue of Hardy-Weinberg Law. What is the impact of these inconsistencies on the theory of selection by consequences? Before accepting the analogy between operant conditioning and natural selection, it is necessary to understand the laws of variation and retention of behavior and to explain how this sensitivity occurs and how it affects behavior.
Competition‐mediated feedbacks in experimental multispecies epizootics
Authors: Dallas Tad , Hall Richard J. , Drake John M.
Published: October 2015

Competition structures ecological communities and alters host–pathogen interactions. In environmentally transmitted pathogens, an infection‐resistant competitor may influence infection dynamics in a susceptible species through the negative impacts of competition (e.g., by reducing host density or causing nutritional stress that increases susceptibility to infection) and/or the positive impacts of reducing transmission efficiency (e.g., by removing environmental pathogen stages). Thus, a non‐susceptible competitor may enhance, reduce, or have no net effect on susceptible host density and infection prevalence. Here, we couple an epidemiological model with experimental epidemics to test how resource competition with a non‐susceptible competitor (Daphnia pulicaria) influences fungal microparasite (Metschnikowia bicuspidata) infection dynamics in a susceptible host species (D. dentifera). Our model and experiments suggest that competitor density can mediate the direction and magnitude of the effect of competition on infection dynamics, with a peak in infection prevalence occurring at intermediate competitor densities. At low densities, the non‐susceptible competitor D. pulicaria may reduce infection prevalence in the susceptible host by removing fungal spores from the environment through feeding. However, when competitor density is increased and resources become limiting, D. pulicaria negatively impacts the susceptible host by increasing susceptible host feeding rates, and therefore fungal spore intake, and further by reducing susceptible host population size as it is driven toward competitive exclusion. In conclusion, these results show that a tradeoff between the competitor as a consumer of pathogen, which serves to reduce epidemic size, and as a modifier of susceptible host foraging ecology, which influences infection rates, may alternately enhance or dampen the magnitude of local epidemics.
Evolution of Anesthesia in Nepal: A historical perspective
Authors: Amatya Roshana
Published: October 2015

Development and practice of anesthesia in Nepal has undergone its twists and turns in the past. This article briefly describes the history of Anesthesia in Nepal, its development to current days practice, evolution of anesthesiology as a subject and society of Anesthesiologists as a scientific community in medical field of Nepal.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(1): 3-6
Comparison of intrathecal bupivacaine with or without fentanyl for urosurgeries
Authors: Shrestha Bibhush , Acharya Subhash Prasad , Roshana Amatya
Published: October 2015

Introduction: Spinal anaesthesia has been widely used for urological operations because it permits early recognition of symptoms caused by overhydration, transurethral resection of prostate syndrome and bladder perforation. Short acting spinal anaesthesia may help to prevent complications associated with delayed immobilization. Our study was undertaken to examine whether adding 25?g fentanyl to bupivacaine would intensify sensory and motor block without prolonging recovery time.Materials and Methods: Ninety American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status I and II scheduled for elective urological procedures were studied in a double-blinded, randomized prospective manner. Random allocation was done as , Group I (n=30) receiving intrathecal bupivacaine 12.5 mg; Group II (n=30) bupivacaine 10 mg with 25 ?g of fentanyl; and Group III (n=30), bupivacaine 5 mg with 25 ?g of fentanyl. Assessment of sensory, motor block and duration of sensory analgesia was done.Result: There was statistically significant difference regarding total duration of motor block, time for two-segment regression and duration of sensory analgesia between each pair of groups. The duration of motor block, time for two segment regression and duration of sensory analgesia was found to be longest in Group II and shortest in Group III. There were no significant differences in the incidence of complications.Conclusion: Addition of 25 ?g fentanyl to 5 mg bupivacaine resulted in short-acting motor block whereas with 10 mg of bupivacaine, it increased the intensity and duration of motor block, prolonged sensory analgesia and two segment regression time.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(1): 18-21
Hemodynamic changes during endotracheal intubation: A prospective randomised comparative study using fibreoptic bronchoscope and intubating laryngeal mask airway
Authors: Shrestha Manzil , Rahman Tanvir R , Agarwal Bikash
Published: October 2015

Background: Fibreoptic intubation and Intubating laryngeal mask airway are alternatives to conventional laryngoscopy. The objective of the study was to compare hemodynamic changes with the use of these two devices for tracheal intubation.Methods: It was a randomized, comparative and prospective study of two groups comprising of 50 patients each. Tracheal intubations were performed using intubating fiberscope in group I and intubating laryngeal mask airway in Group II. Intubation time, heart rate, blood pressure and complications were compared.Results: Heart rate response to tracheal intubation was comparable between the groups. Changes in mean arterial pressure were also comparable and returned to baseline after two minutes of tracheal intubation. The first attempt success rate was 80% and 92% respectively in Group I and Group II. The time taken for intubation was found to be significantly longer in Group II irrespective of the number of attempts. There were no major complications observed. However there was some desaturation at the time of intubation which was seen in three patients in Group I, and one patient in Group II. However the Spo2 did not fall below 96% and was not considered to be clinically significant.Conclusions: Endotracheal intubation using either an Intubating Laryngeal Mask Airway or a Fibreoptic Bronchoscope is comparable in terms of the haemodynamic responses.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(2): 70-75
Anaesthetic management for laparoscopic cholecystectomy in a child
Authors: Nishant Kumar , Bhattarai Balkrishna , Adhikary Shailesh
Published: October 2015

Laparoscopic surgical techniques offer several advantages over conventional open surgery. However, anaesthesia for laparoscopic surgical procedures is challenging due to various associated physiological consequences mainly of intra-peritoneal carbon dioxide insufflation and positioning. Gall stone disease is rare in pediatric age group and therefore, experience of anaesthetic management in such a condition is limited. Here we describe anaesthetic management of a 56-month-old male child scheduled for laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gall stone disease.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(2): 83-85
Valproic acid induced acute necrotizing pancreatitis
Authors: Gurung Rabindra , Subedi Asish , Bhattarai Balkrishna
Published: October 2015

Background: Valproic acid induced pancreatitis is a rare entity with an estimated incidence of one in 40000. Occurrence of acute necrotizing pancreatitis is even more uncommon with only very few cases being reported till date. We present a case of valproic acid associated acute necrotizing pancreatitis that complicated to develop pancreatic pseudo cyst.Case discussion: A 21-year-old male presented in our emergency room with sudden onset of severe epigastric pain along with nausea and vomiting. He gave history of having on valproic acid therapy for the last 13 months for seizure disorder. There was no history suggestive of gall stone disease, alcohol intake, hyperlipidemia, abdominal trauma or any surgical intervention. Clinical suspicion of acute pancreatitis was confirmed by revealing of necrotizing pancreatitis in contrast enhanced computerized tomography. Patient was admitted in the intensive care unit where valproic acid was stopped and phenytoin started. Clinical improvement was observed with conservative management while mild intermittent abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting persisted. Repeat computerized tomography done later revealed features of pancreatic pseudo cyst for which patient underwent definitive surgical management.Conclusions: Today, valproic acid is widely used for multiple disease conditions. Starting from 1979 till 2010, 107 cases of valproic acid induced acute pancreatitis have been reported. Acute pancreatitis is a serious condition with significant mortality despite optimal treatment. Unfortunately, it is underreported and underestimated especially following valproic acid use. Increasing frequency of valproic acid associated pancreatitis demands reconsideration of its use.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(2): 86-88
Journal of society of anaesthesiologist Nepal, The mission and the vision
Authors: Bhattarai Basant
Published: October 2015

No abstract availableJournal of Society of Anesthesiologists 2014 1(2): 89
Autologous Blood Transfusion in Surgical Outreach Camp
Authors: Sharma Apurb , Bhattarai Balkrishna
Published: October 2015

Poor access to healthcare including surgical care is one of the known problems faced by people living in the remote terrains of Nepal. Reaching to the community with the help of health camps has been exercised for many years in Nepal. However, surgery in such camps is often hindered by many obstacles including unavailability of blood products, lack of or poor storage facility for donated blood. Surgery often needs to be deferred in otherwise healthy patients with rare blood groups. Autologous blood collection with acute normovolaemic haemodilution is one of the blood sparing techniques used in cases where it is difficult to get matched blood or when allogenic blood cannot be used. We report a case of autologous blood collection and subsequent transfusion in a patient undergoing vaginal hysterectomy and pelvic floor repair performed at a surgical outreach camp organized in a remote district of Nepal.Journal of Society of Anesthesiologists of Nepal 2015; 2(1): 28-30
Between practicing and rehearsing: cultural awareness challenges in the military
Authors: Resteigne Delphine , Reyskens Peter
Published: October 2015

In this article, we confront the tradition that understands cultural awareness training as the individual acquisition of intercultural competences with recent developments in the theorizing of culture and education. The question we ask is how to understand cultural awareness training if dealing with cultural diversity is not depending on individual competences but rather on the interaction between people on the ground. We will take three steps to discuss this point. In a first step we consider the challenge of cultural diversity for military organizations. The second step consists in a reflection on the notion of intercultural competences and the idea that intercultural competences can be acquired by individuals. In the third step we develop an alternative understanding of the preparation for intercultural interaction, based on Sennett's distinction between practicing and rehearsing (Sennett, 2012).
Understanding unskilled work as a condition for participation in adult education and training
Authors: Kondrup Sissel
Published: October 2015

This article discusses how to comprehend why people working in unskilled jobs are less likely than other groups to position themselves as educable subjects and engage in adult education and training. The article outlines how different research traditions examining recruitment to and participation in adult education and training reveal and explain distinctive participation patterns. These traditions are critically reviewed to identify how they provide specific understandings as well as certain blind spots. The review reveals a striking absence of research into unskilled work and thus a tendency to overlook how engagement in particular kinds of work condition people's perception of adult education and training. It is finally argued that future research must pay closer attention to people's specific work-life and examine how engagement in specific historical, social and material (changing) work practices condition their perception of adult education and training.
A Study of the Management of Patients Taking Novel Oral Antiplatelet or Direct Oral Anticoagulant Medication Undergoing Dental Surgery in a Rural Setting
Authors: Johnston Steven
Published: October 2015

Purpose: Novel oral antiplatelet (NOAP) (prasugrel and ticagrelor) and direct oral anticoagulant drugs (DOAC) (dabigatran, rivaroxaban and apixaban) have emerged in the last decade. This study was undertaken to determine current approaches taken to the management of patients taking these agents in dental practice in a remote and rural setting. Methods: A small retrospective study was carried out in a small island population that identified patients taking one of the above drugs. All national health service and private dental records were examined to determine the type of treatment carried out and whether drug therapy, treatment plans or actual treatment were modified as a result of NOAP or DOAC therapy. In addition other outcomes such as referral to another service for advice or treatment and any adverse bleeding events were noted. Results: 156 dental encounters for 95 patients taking one of the drugs were identified. Significant events were identified in sixteen encounters and the management of patients taking each drug type differed significantly between cases but no patients returned with troublesome post-operative bleeding. Conclusions: The approaches taken by dental surgeons in Orkney in the management of the NOAPs and DOACs varied and this is likely to be a reflection of the limited literature available.
International Tourism and Economic Growth in New Zealand
Authors: Jaforullah Mohammad
Published: October 2015

This article examines whether the tourism-led growth hypothesis holds for the New Zealand economy. Using unit root tests, cointegration tests, and vector error correction models, and annual data over the period 1972–2012 on real international tourism expenditure, real gross domestic
product (GDP), and the exchange rate for New Zealand, it finds that the tourism-led growth hypothesis holds for New Zealand. The long-run elasticity of real GDP with respect to real international tourism expenditure is estimated to be 0.4, meaning that a 1% growth in tourism will result in
a 0.4% growth of the New Zealand economy. This finding implies that the New Zealand Government's policy to promote New Zealand as a preferred tourism destination in the key international tourism markets may boost economic growth.
ACTIVE DEFORMATION DELINEATED BY GEOMORPHIC AND SEDIMENTARY RESPONSE OF RIVERS, CENTRAL ZAGROS FOLD – THRUST BELT, SW IRAN
Authors: Amanipoor Hakimeh
Published: October 2015

The mountain generation in Iran is because of continental collision between the Arabian and Eur-asia plate. Southwestern Iran shows active shorten that its evidences is deformation of crust and frequent earthquakes. At depth, active basement of the Zagros fold-thrust-belt in southwestern Iran, which are covered by folding of the Phanerozoic sediments, affected by some blind thrusted faults that have seismic nature.

The Zagros fold-thrust-belt can be divided into 4 lithotectonic units including Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone (SSZ), Imbricate Zone (IZ), Zagros Fold Belt (ZFB), and Molasse Cover Sequence (MCS); this dividing and classification is based on geomorphology landscape, drainage pattern, rate of tectonics and stratigraphic records.

Each tectonic unit characterized by especial abnormal forces in river systems. Active tectonics has the most important role to control the river systems by changing of channels incline.

Change in the drainage pattern, channels cut, longitudinal profile, anomalous changes of sinuosity, changing of the side form and forming of terrace, change of river direction, compact meanders, cutting of meanders and geomorphology features of the rivers are responds to the active tectonics of region that are studied using remote sensing, DEM and field observations. These parameters are used to understand the vertical movement in the study area.

Existing structures, especially growing anticlines and blind thrusted faults in the Zagros fold-thrust-belt, which cut the river channels and sometimes put them in parallel, are used in the study of their effect on the longitudinal and transverse tilt of morphological changes.
Entre douleur et comportement, quelle place pour la représentation ?
Authors: Maupas Anne
Published: October 2015

Il est fréquent, dans la clinique psychosomatique, de voir coexister chez un même patient un fonctionnement mental marqué par des défauts de représentation, des conduites agies et des somatisations. À partir de la clinique d’une patiente souffrant de fibromyalgie (douleurs diffuses) et présentant différents niveaux de fonctionnement allant du plus névrotique au plus comportemental, l’auteur s’interroge sur ces différents niveaux de mentalisation. À travers son vécu douloureux, cette patiente articule peu à peu le psychique et le somatique. À la faveur de la relation transférentielle, dans le cadre d’un travail de psychothérapie en institution, des remaniements psychiques ont pu s’opérer. L’abandon du fonctionnement en tout ou rien et l’accès à une plus grande passivité à permis au « corps-douloureux » de laisser la place à un « corps-plaisir ».
L’adolescent suicidaire et la société actuelle, réflexions psychopathologiques et prévention suicidaire
Authors: Rolling Julie , Ligier Fabienne
Published: October 2015

Alors que les progrès dans la prise en charge des adolescents suicidants ont permis une nette diminution de la mortalité suicidaire, on assiste à une épidémie de tentatives de suicide chez des adolescents vraisemblablement indemne de pathologie psychiatrique. À partir de ce constat, les auteurs questionnent le suicide chez l’adolescent à partir des évolutions sociétales et familiales récentes et ouvrent le débat, entre d’une part les partisans d’une conduite réactionnelle à la confrontation à la perte jamais rencontrée par le passé, et d’autre part, ceux qui considèrent qu’il s’agit d’un symptôme de l’exigence sociale contemporaine. Puis les auteurs exposent un projet de prise en charge des adolescents suicidants en prévention secondaire à l’aide des nouvelles technologies.
Agirs et actions en psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe : transgression ou médiation ?
Authors: Toliou Anastasia
Published: October 2015

L’article traite du destin des agirs des patients ayant des fragilités narcissiques pris en charge en psychothérapie psychanalytique de groupe. L’auteur expose des séquences cliniques d’un groupe mettant sur le devant de la scène les tentatives de suicide à répétition d’un de ses membres afin de montrer une lente transformation de cet agir à travers un certain nombre d’actions concrètes.
Accompagner le handicap à l’école
Authors: Ourghanlian Pascal
Published: October 2015

L’enseignant référent est un enseignant spécialisé, du premier ou du second degré, qui, au sein de l’Éducation nationale et en interface entre le jeune et/ou ses parents, l’école et les services de soins, a en responsabilité d’assurer la cohérence et la continuité du parcours de scolarisation de l’élève reconnu en situation de handicap par une maison départementale des personnes handicapées ( mdph ). Les missions de l’enseignant référent peuvent se décliner selon six axes et/ou remplir six fonctions : d’animation, d’aide et conseil, d’information, de liaison, de mémoire et de veille. Sa pratique professionnelle est d’ accompagner , faisant entrer ce métier récent dans la cohorte des métiers du « travail sur autrui » au sens que François Dubet donne à cette expression. Cet article vise un rappel de la législation en vigueur quant à la scolarisation des élèves reconnus en situation de handicap du point de vue de l’enseignant référent et propose quelques vignettes d’une pratique en construction qui se doit de porter sur elle-même un regard réflexif et critique.
L’école pour tous n’est pas l’école de tous
Authors: Herrou Cécile
Published: October 2015

Lorsque l’enfant handicapé dispose de toutes ses facultés de compréhension et d’apprentissage, son inclusion à l’école se réduit à une organisation particulière et à un coût financier. Elle est bien vécue. Dès lors que l’enfant présente un handicap dont la nature ne lui permet pas d’accéder aussi vite et aussi complétement aux acquis que l’on attend de tout élève, son inclusion se double alors du risque permanent d’exclusion. Cette situation anxiogène propulse inévitablement l’enfant handicapé dans l’échec. Cet article s’efforce de poser les questions relatives à notre démarche d’inclusion, et montre que ce chantier ne fait que commencer..., jusqu’à ce que l’inclusion n’existe plus puisqu’il n’y aurait plus de risque d’exclusion. Une utopie réalisable ?
Corps et paroles
Authors: Rissone Anna , Tartari Manuela
Published: October 2015

Certains aspects des relations primaires, vécues à travers le corps et déposées dans la mémoire somatique, sont réactualisés dans les séances de couple par le langage corporel. Cette réactualisation, soutenue par les réactions contretransférentielles du thérapeute, peut représenter une ressource pour l’élaboration d’anciennes blessures et ouvrir le chemin vers la mentalisation. Dans certains cas, le changement est favorisé par un processus qui permettra de réduire la compulsion à la répétition. Les auteurs présentent un cas clinique dans lequel on peut observer le travail thérapeutique de mise en parole et donc de mentalisation des traces somatiques.
L’après-coup, le trauma sexuel et le couple
Authors: Arpin Serge
Published: October 2015

L’auteur introduit la notion d’après-coup appliquée à la psychanalyse de couple. Il étudie la manifestation de l’après-coup dans le contexte où un des conjoints a subi des traumas sexuels violents, par le passé, avant la constitution du couple. Un événement fortuit de la vie quotidienne provoque l’après-coup, faisant ré-émerger le trauma, du dedans. Dans le premier temps, les scènes d’agression resurgissent dans le registre du masochisme érogène, dans le désir masochiste d’être agressé. Ce premier temps sera suivi d’un deuxième effet d’après-coup où la violence sera explosive, se situant alors dans le registre sadique. Les fantasmes issus de ces mouvements deviendront les fantasmes organisateurs de la vie sexuelle du couple et infléchiront lourdement leur relation de couple.