bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Design Considerations for Web-Based Learning Systems
Authors: Lee William W. , Owens Diana L. , Benson Angela D.
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. The introduction of Internet and Web-based technologies has resulted in changes in the way instructional design models are applied in the creation of instruction delivered via the new media. New resources and constraints must be considered and new questions must be asked and answered.This chapter describes how the traditional instructional design model is modified when designing instruction for these new technologies.
Emerging Roles and Competencies for Training in E-Learning Environments
Authors: Aragon Steven R. , Johnson Scott D.
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. The Internet and Web-based technologies are having a profound impact on the lives of human resource development (HRD) professionals. Trainers who use the Internet for instructional delivery need to assume new roles and develop new competencies while continuing to apply existing ones in order to be successful trainers when using these new technologies. The purpose of this chapter is to examine the changing role of the trainer who uses Web-based learning environments and to identify the new roles and competencies that must be developed to become an effective e-trainer.Critical factors associated with the adoption of new technologies and strategies for effectively training the e-trainer also are explored. Finally,strategies for developing the new skills required of the etrainer are reviewed.
The Keyboard-Based Job Coach: Informal Learning via the Internet
Authors: Dennen Vanessa Paz , Wang Minjuan
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. Informal learning is a part of our everyday experience. We learn as we interact with others and our environment. This learning process, which may include interventions such as coaching, mentoring, and communities of practice, can be enhanced by the availability of Internet-based technologies.This chapter presents some of the advantages for both the informal learner and the workplace by this technology, as well as the challenges of using the technology well to support informal learning processes.
Achieving Performance and Learning through Performance-Centered Systems
Authors: Gery Gloria
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. Although technology is being used to support learning through electronic versions of traditional instructional programs, its most direct effect on work performance is through interactive tools that structure work processes and provide links to supporting resources. Human resource development professionals charged with enhancing performance and learning must examine the new range of alternatives provided through technology and consciously determine better ways to provide support, references, courses, and collaboration.
The Role of Technology in Organization Development and Change
Authors: Church Allan H. , Gilbert Melanie , Oliver David H. , Paquet Kevin , Surface Carol
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. Organization development (OD) is a data-driven process for change,and as a result,the successful application of OD interventions and tools has become increasingly dependent on the use of information technology. This chapter focuses on the role of information (or data) in contemporary change efforts, and the impact that technology has had on the practice of OD over the past decade.Following a case study of a Web-enabled platform used to drive culture change, the chapter closes with a discussion of the unexpected consequences and potential issues involved with the use of technology for OD initiatives that need to be addressed.
Technology’s Return on Investment
Authors: Phillips Jack J. , Phillips Patti P.
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. The increasing use of Internet and Web-based information technology (IT) tools in the modern workplace has heightened the need for a comprehensive return on investment (ROI) methodology that can be used with the spectrum of IT project implementations. This chapter presents an ROI process that can be implemented along with most technology projects.
Supply Chain: A Framework for Expanding the Human Resource Development Professional’s Role in Technology Implementations
Authors: Bolstorff Peter A.
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. Billions of dollars have been spent on technology for the purpose of improving business productivity. The “spend” includes technology applications for enterprise resource planning systems,business-to-business and business-to-consumer e-business solutions, e-marketplaces, advanced planning systems, warehouse management systems, scan-based trading, and online catalogs. The problem for business is that the return on investment (ROI) for technology is unpredictable and frequently impedes improved business performance for a period of time; costs go up, service goes down, and inventory gets out of control.The problem for many human resource development (HRD) professionals is that their role in the implementation of technology is either nonexistent or limited to only organizing the software-training schedule. The opportunity for both improved technology ROI and getting HRD to play a larger role in overall performance improvement requires business teams and HRD professionals to gain a deeper understanding of supply-chain processes.This chapter presents a supply-chain framework that has had helped improve business performance and directly supports technology ROI.
Core Principles and the Planning Process of a World-Class Workforce Development System
Authors: Bates Reid A. , Redmann Donna H.
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. The Workforce Investment Act (WIA) of 1998 has fundamentally reshaped workforce development funding in the United States. Although the WIA has much to say about the process used to build the system, more guidance is still needed as to what the workforce development system should look like. This chapter presents core principles that should guide development of every workforce development system, as well as an assessment framework.
Characteristics of a Globally Competitive Workforce
Authors: Bates Reid A. , Phelan Kelli C.
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. A variety ofpowerful economic factors are combining to change the way work is done. These changes have profound implications for the basic employability skill requirements ofour workers. Research suggests, however, that too many workers cannot meet the basic skill demands needed to successfully perform job duties, learn, and apply learning on the job. The success ofhuman resource development professionals in building a globally competitive workforce is dependent on a thorough understanding ofwhat basic employability skills are needed as well as their capacity to help build workforce development systems that will ensure every worker has these skills.
Managing and Ensuring Accountability in Workforce Development Systems
Authors: Holton Elwood F. , Zehner Robert L.
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. To be effective, workforce development systems need to be managed in a manner that ensures they are coordinated and integrated. In addition, they must have effective performance management systems in place that provide accountability for key outcomes. This chapter provides quality standards for effective workforce development systems in both these areas.
Delivering Workforce Development Programs and Services
Authors: Holton Elwood F. , Wilson Lynda
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. Workforce development programs and services must be delivered in a manner that removes barriers for entry, provides leading-edge research-based services, and ensures their sustainability over the long term. This chapter provides quality standards for how programs and services are delivered.
Creating Competency Standards, Assessments, and Certification
Authors: Naquin Sharon S. , Wilson Jennifer
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution. Setting and certifying competency standards has always been controversial, particularly within the educational system. Nonetheless, effective workforce development systems must have standards and means to assess and certify them. This chapter presents quality standards in this area.
Implementing the Workforce Development System Quality Standards
Authors: Chen Hsin-Chih , Boudreaux Mary
Published: July 2003

The problem and the solution.Quality standards and guiding principles are needed to enable workforce development systems to meet the needs ofemployers and individuals. Ho wever, the multistep process ofdeveloping a comprehensive,integrated workforce development system requires a significant amount of planning. This chapter outlines a five-step planning process and provides specific action steps designed to facilitate this task.
Flash Flooding in the Political Stream: The Terror Attacks on the United States Inflame the Policy Environment
Authors: Chaffee Mary
Published: July 2003

The terror attacks of September 11, 2001, and the anthrax attacks that followed shortly thereafter have had far-reaching effects. In addition to devastating the American psyche, spurring the U.S. to tackle a global war on terrorism, and testing law enforcement agencies, the attacks transformed the policy environment. An examination of the impact of the terror attacks illustrates how a powerful focusing event can dominate the policy agenda.
The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) Responds to Emerging Threats of Bioterrorism
Authors: Phillips Sally , Dillard Carole , Burstin Helen
Published: July 2003

The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a lead partner with the Department of Health and Human Services in addressing the issues of the health care system’s preparedness in the event of a bioterrorist event. There is a critical need for the science of health services research and systems research to inform preparedness to achieve maximal system responsiveness and reinforce effective linkages between the health care system and the public health infrastructure. As AHRQ expands research in bioterrorism preparedness, nurse clinicians and nurse investigators are needed to bring the expertise to studies of the health care environments. There is an opportunity to address long-ignored systems and operations issues with collateral and shared benefits to the health care system. The bioterrorism preparedness research can reinvigorate our capacity to rebuild and restore a system responsive to future rare and catastrophic events as well as confront the current challenges of our systems of care.
Bioterrorism Preparedness—What Progress has Congress Made Since September 2001?
Authors: Jones Tamara
Published: July 2003

The U.S. government has long been aware of the potential for a homeland attack using biological agents. Historically, there have been some limited efforts to respond to this threat. During the Korean War, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention established the Epidemic Intelligence Service as an early warning system to counter possible bioterrorist attacks. The Department of Defense has also developed biological defense programs and provided troops serving in high-risk areas with anthrax vaccine. In 1999, Congress appropriated funds for the first time for state and local bioterrorism preparedness. This article discusses congressional action since the fall of 2001 to respond and prepare for an act of bioterrorism.
School-Based Health Centers: Politics and Community Support
Authors: Broussard Lisa
Published: July 2003

School-based health centers (SBHCs) provide comprehensive services to children who often have limited access to primary health care. The number of school-based health centers in the United States continues to grow. However, most SBHCs face opposition from various groups. This article presents an overview of the history of SBHCs, factors influencing their development and sustainability, political influences, and implications for nursing practice.
Reimbursement for Screening Mammography—The Medicare Disparity: A Policy Perspective
Authors: Townsend-Rocchiccioli Judith , Steele Susan
Published: July 2003

Ripley’s stage sequential model is used to analyze the disparity in the Medicare reimbursement for screening mammography for older women in the United States. The article presents a historical review of the policy issue and suggests solutions to set the agenda for policy change. Problem identification, costs, and ethical and social issues are evaluated, and policy change is recommended.
Data Mining Strategies for Shaping Nursing and Health Policy Agendas
Authors: Cheung Robyn B. , Moody Linda E. , Cockram Cheryl
Published: July 2003

Data mining of electronic databases is becoming more popular as a method for researchers to study issues in the health policy arena. The advantages of using electronic databases, such as the decreased investments in time and costs associated with subject recruitment and data collection, contribute to its appeal. Despite these features, the use of electronic databases to address health policy issues in nursing has been limited. This article discusses potential uses of secondary analysis for nursing research and outlines the steps involved in the process of data mining. Examples of health services research using samples generated from electronic databases support the discussion. The growing popularity of secondary analyses has given rise to concerns regarding the protection of patient rights and confidentiality. The authors discuss steps taken by federal agencies and institutional review boards to ensure that data are protected while preserving the research potential of this method of analysis.
Protecting Patient Rights: A Nursing Responsibility
Authors: Parsons Lynn C.
Published: July 2003

This article addresses the issues that practicing nurses should be aware of surrounding access to personal health information. In the age of technology, electronic transmission of medical records has created a new array of challenges for informing and protecting patients’ rights. The Health Insurance Portability Act of 1996 addresses critical issues and poses some actions necessary for nurses to understand to (a) facilitate patients in decision making and (b) advocate for the protection of information, which may be used against patients inappropriately. This article is a general overview of the specific right of autonomy for the patient, which may be in jeopardy of violation without the proper understanding of the issues we face.
A Collaboration Model for Enhanced Community Participation
Authors: Thompson Linda S. , Story Marilyn , Butler Georgene
Published: July 2003

As severe social problems persist, analysts from various sectors suggest that policies and programs could increase their sensitivity and sustainability through collaborative relationships among universities, communities, and political officials. A model of collaboration is presented along with the benefits, challenges, and roles of the three collaboration partners (university, community, and government). The three stages of the collaboration process (initiation, deliberation, and implementation) are discussed in the context of an actual community-based application.
A Note on the Structural Stability of Salary Equations
Authors: Krautmann Anthony C. , Gustafson Elizabeth , Hadley Lawrence
Published: July 2003

The salaries of major league baseball players is a common subject for analysis in the sports economics literature. Although hitters and pitchers represent two separate groups, each of these two groups of players is assumed to be homogeneous so that aggregation within each group is appropriate. However, there are always potential problems associated with aggregation. If there are important differences between starters, long relievers, and stoppers that relate to their pitching skills and/or to their function in the production of team wins, then aggregation may lead to inaccurate conclusions regarding the determinants of their earnings. In this article, the authors examine the issue of aggregating the pitching input. By comparing a collective earnings equation for all pitchers with separate earnings equations for each type of pitcher, the authors find that the structure of salary rewards differs significantly between the groups. As such, the authors conclude that it is not appropriate to aggregate pitchers when analyzing the determinants of salaries.
A Content Analysis of the Journal of Sports Economics
Authors: Mondello Michael J. , Pedersen Paul M.
Published: July 2003

The purpose of this study was to examine the contents of the literature published in the Journal of Sports Economics (JSE), the first academic journal exclusively focused on the economics of sport. Content analysis methodology was used to examine every journal issue ( N = 10) published from the inaugural issue in 2000 through the second issue in 2002. Collectively, the 10 issues yielded 55 articles representing the work of 77 authors (95.3% male, 4.7% female). The majority of the articles reviewed were quantitative (94.1%), and the preferred statistical methodology utilized was regression analysis (64%). The highest percentages of articles focused on team performance and payrolls (20%) as well as labor market research (12.9%). Additional content areas analyzed in this study included measures related to editor, reviewers, authors, sport industry segmentation, gender, scholarly productivity, geographical and institutional makeup, and professional level. Findings and implications are discussed.
The Greening of Health Care: Environmental Policy and Advocacy in the Health Care Industry
Authors: Sattler Barbara
Published: July 2003

The health care industry has been creating a number of health risks through many of its policies, practices, and processes. Many of the risks are preventable. This article focuses on the environmental health risks posed by the health care industry and the solutions that have been forged by both individuals and organizations through policy work at the local, state, federal, and international levels. A brief description is presented of two of the key environmental health threats: mercury pollution and dioxins, an unintentional by-product created by the manufacture and incineration of polyvinyl chloride plastics. This is the science underpinning the policy work. A chronology of the past decade’s activities, policies, and partnerships to reduce environmental health threats in the health care industry is discussed. Nurses have taken a critical leadership role in much of this work.
Protecting the Health of Our Nation’s Children Through Environmental Health Tracking
Authors: Anderko Laura
Published: July 2003

The lack of a comprehensive data-collecting system for tracking environmental exposures and linking events to health effects in the United States has crippled scientific efforts to confidently associate most childhood diseases with suspected causative agents. The Nationwide Health Tracking Act of 2002 (S. 2054) will provide funding initiatives to begin the process of developing a nationwide network of databases intended to collect important data on environmental exposures and chronic diseases. This legislation was introduced March 21, 2001 in the Senate and the House. Although legislation is still pending, Congress has approved funding to begin the first steps in developing nationwide tracking efforts. Children, one of our nation’s most vulnerable populations, are a special focus of this effort. Nursing leadership, particularly as it relates to political advocacy for continued and improved funding, is essential if one is to unlock the mysteries behind causes in the upsurge in childhood diseases.
Community Involvement at Hazardous Waste Sites: A Review of Policies From a Nursing Perspective
Authors: Gilden Robyn C.
Published: July 2003

From Love Canal to your hometown, hazardous waste sites are everywhere and can affect the health of every American. As of August 2001, there were 1,235 seriously contaminated sites needing cleanup in the United States (EPA, 2002), and new sites are regularly being identified and added to the list. By understanding the policies governing cleanup of hazardous waste sites, nurses can have a vital role in ensuring communities are protected and involved in decision making. The major policies governing hazardous waste site cleanups include the Environmental Protection Act; the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act; the Small Business Liability Relief and Brownfield’s Revitalization Act; and the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act.
Tobacco Control: An Update to Influence Policy-Making Decisions
Authors: Heath Janie , Andrews Jeannette , Andres Kathy
Published: July 2003

Tobacco control initiatives have played a major role in nursing practice for a number of years. Practitioners know all too well the lethal effects tobacco dependence has on the health of individuals either directly through smoking or indirectly through passive smoking. However, what remains misunderstood by many practitioners are the implications of past and future legislative initiatives surrounding public policy on tobacco control. It is essential to analyze local, state, and national positions on tobacco control by our members of congress and state and local policy-making bodies. The tobacco industry contributes millions of dollars to individuals and/or special interest groups that have the power to influence tobacco control policy. With more than 2.5 million registered nurses (RNs) in the United States, individually and collectively, RNs can significantly influence policy-making decisions that help reduce the epidemic of tobacco use and dependence.
Migrant Health Policy: History, Analysis, and Challenge
Authors: Ward Louise S.
Published: July 2003

Migrant agricultural workers are a vital and often overlooked population whose health can affect that of U.S. inhabitants in general. The nature of the farm worker population, however, places this group at a disadvantage in formation of policy to promote its interests. Following World War II, government agency “infighting” prevented the emergence of a coherent policy for farm worker health. Improvements were made during the socially active 1960s, but these have been eroded as immigrants are increasingly distrusted in U.S. society. This article briefly traces the history of migrant farm worker health policy in the United States, applies a model for policy analysis, reviews farm worker health policy research, and proposes a plan of action to advance health policy for this population.
Nurse Delegation in Washington State: A Case Study of Concurrent Policy Implementation and Evaluation
Authors: Sikma Suzanne K. , Young Heather M.
Published: July 2003

This case study of an evaluation of a nursing practice change in Washington State community residential settings illustrates issues in concurrent policy evaluation and implementation. The legislative policy changed community health nursing practice for nurses delegating to and supervising assistive personnel caring for older and disabled persons in their homes. Authorizing legislation was a culmination of several years of often contentious public and legislative debate. This article discusses the policy history, environment, and goals; the stakeholders involved in the process; the methodological issues and challenges; and the strategies used to ensure credibility with stakeholders.
Epidemic to Endemic: The Impact of Hiv on Health Care Policy and Nursing Practice
Authors: Locher Ann W. , Didion Judy A.
Published: July 2003

The HIV epidemic has had broad effects on the health care system. To meet the needs of the initial population including the hundreds of thousands of persons infected today, health care providers and institutions have had to adapt to changing demands. The purpose of this article is to examine the impact of HIV on public policy and nursing practice along a time line of the disease in the United States.
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations White Paper: Health Care at the Crossroads: Strategies for Addressing the Evolving Nursing Crisis
Authors: Fitzpatrick Joyce J.
Published: July 2003

This report provides an overview of the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations White Paper released in 2002, which focused on addressing the evolving nursing crisis. Key content elements and recommendations embedded in the report are delineated. In addition, those organizations and groups expected to be held accountable for solutions to the evolving nursing crisis are included.
Hipaa’s Latest Privacy Rule
Authors: Charters Kathleen G.
Published: July 2003

The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 final medical information privacy rule was published on August 14, 2002, in the Federal Register. This version modifies the rule issued under the Clinton administration in 2000. Some key changes were made to the provisions for marketing, consent and notice, uses and disclosures regarding FDA-regulated products and activities, incidental use and disclosure of health information, authorization requirements, minimum necessary standards exemption, business associates contracts, research authorization to use protected health information, and a limited data set for use in research, public health, and health care operations. Privacy protection groups criticize the changes as a significant weakening of privacy standards, whereas health care business groups see the changes as making the rule more “workable.”
Drug Benefit Gridlock
Authors: Jennings Carole P.
Published: July 2003

A prescription drug benefit for Medicare beneficiaries has been hotly debated in the U.S. Congress for many years. Recent focus on a prescription drug benefit in the 107th Congress highlights the complexity of this partisan debate.
Medical Savings Accounts: Theory, Politics, Pros, and Cons
Authors: Hendrix Thomas J. , Kaufman Kathleen
Published: July 2003

The Internal Revenue Service recently ruled all employers, regardless of size, can adopt a medical savings account–type program as part of an employee benefit package. This frees all employers to adopt a version of a consumer-driven health plan as part of their benefit package. This could continue a trend toward consumer-driven health insurance that began with the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996. The authors review current health insurance problems, including a discussion of competitive market and insurance theory. The medical savings account experiment is summarized, including pros, cons, politics, and theory. Finally, the authors briefly review the theory of agency and conclude with a call for nursing to fill this niche quickly for the good of our patients.
Partisanship, Consensus, and Committee-Floor Divergence
Authors: Carson Jamie L. , Finocchiaro Charles J. , Rohde David W.
Published: July 2003

Although some studies of Congress have employed aggregate-level ideological measures to characterize the outlier tendencies of congressional committees, such measures cannot reveal intracommittee variation in the propensity for disagreement between committees and the floor. In this analysis, we examine differences in voting behavior between members of the committee to which bills were initially referred and the House in the 96th and 104th Congresses. We demonstrate that significant variation occurs both within and among committees, and divergence is at times quite high among some committees not traditionally considered outliers. In the multivariate analysis, we discover that many vote-level factors significantly influence the degree of committee-floor divergence, and a considerable range of variation is evident in the level of divergence across committees. We also find that the number of committees exhibiting divergent behavior, the degree of this divergence, and the breakdown between the parties differs dramatically between the two periods.
Group Effects on Party Identification and Party Coalitions across the United States
Authors: Jackson Robert A. , Carsey Thomas M.
Published: July 2003

Most examinations of the sociodemographic group foundations of political party identification and party coalitions in the United States rely on national samples (e.g., the National Election Studies). Therefore, they fail to consider (a) state-to-state variation in the group components of party identification and party coalitions and (b) how state context structures this variation. We rely on media exit polls from the 1988, 1992, and 1996 elections to examine group influences on party identification and party coalitions across the large states. Although there are common threads across the nation in Democratic and Republican support, we find significant state-to-state variation in the nature of group influences on party identification. For many sociodemographic characteristics, group size conditions the importance of the characteristic for party identification, a finding consistent with a contextual theory of political behavior. A group’s size and the partisan loyalty of its members interact to determine a group’s importance to coalition building in a state.
Bill Sponsorship and Intraracial Voting among African American Representatives
Authors: Whitby Kenny J.
Published: July 2003

Understanding the political implication of increasing minority, descriptive representation through race-conscious redistricting has been of major interest to congressional researchers in recent years. This research departs from past studies by examining intraracial roll-call voting behavior among African American representatives. Utilizing bill sponsorship data over an 8-year period (1991-1998) and event count regression, this investigation reveals that a variety of forces are at work to explain Black legislative behavior. Among them, the party controlling Congress, electoral margin of victory, and tenure in office account for variations in Caucus behavior. The political implications of these findings are discussed in the context of representative democracy.
Assessing the Potential of Internet Political Participation in the United States
Authors: Krueger Brian S.
Published: July 2003

An emerging scholarly consensus asserts that patterns of Internet political participation will merely imitate the established patterns of participatory inequality in the United States. Because those from advantaged backgrounds access the medium at higher rates, the opportunities to participate via the Internet should disproportionately extend to high-resource individuals. I argue that the focus on access has important theoretical limitations. If one accepts the future possibility of near-equal access, then explorations of the Internet’s participatory potential should include theoretical guidance about what types of individuals would most likely participate if equal Internet access were achieved. Drawing on diverse literature, two expectations develop; one predicts the reinforcement of existing participation patterns, and the other suggests a change in those patterns to include new types of individuals. I empirically test these competing claims, concluding that given equalized access, the Internet shows genuine potential to bring new individuals into the political process.
The Impact of High School Community Service Programs on Students’ Feelings of Civic Obligation
Authors: Riedel Eric
Published: July 2003

Proponents of community service programs often claim that such programs succeed in educating youth for democratic citizenship where traditional civics instruction falls short. Yet it is not clear that all service programs envision such citizenship as linked to political engagement and participation. It is hypothesized that only service programs that frame service within a wide political context and offer opportunities for public action increase political engagement as measured by feelings of civic obligation. This citizenship framework may likewise be incorporated in traditional social studies classes with similar effects. This hypothesis is confirmed using panel data comparing the effects of different high school service programs and social studies courses. Path analysis, analyzing a subsample of students in a particularly effective service program, shows that political socialization effects remain even when accounting for self-selection processes.
Candidate Competition and Attrition in Presidential Primaries, 1912-2000
Authors: Steger Wayne P. , Hickman John , Yohn Ken
Published: July 2003

This article analyzes candidate competition and attrition in presidential primaries from 1912 to 2000. We use a modified market concentration index to measure the number of effective candidates entering presidential primaries and to calculate winnowing across presidential primaries. We test competing hypotheses about the increasing number of candidates entering primaries. We find that the number of effective candidates increased following the reforms of the 1970s. We reject the hypothesis that the number of candidates entering primaries increased gradually as a function of long-term factors. We also find similarities in the winnowing of candidates in each party during the prereform and postreform eras, which suggests the timing of candidate withdrawal owes to more than differences in each party’s delegate allocation rules. Republican presidential primaries more efficiently winnow candidates than do Democratic presidential primaries in both the prereform and postreform eras.
Creating Work-Life Balance: A Model of Pluralism across Life Domains
Authors: Crooker Karen J. , Smith Faye L. , Tabak Filiz
Published: July 2003

This article develops a theoretical framework that explains how life complexity and dynamism affect work-life balance. The authors explain the moderating effects of munificence and accessibility of resources in one’s life as well as the personality differences and individual value systems on the relationship between life complexity/dynamism and work-life balance. The analysis leads to implications for future research and practice.
Interrogating Emotions in Police Leadership
Authors: Drodge Edward N. , Murphy Steven A.
Published: July 2003

Theoretical discourse about leadership was traditionally conceived as a rational process of social action emanating from a leader whose traits were deemed largely responsible for the success or failure of the organization. The role of emotions in leadership, when they were discussed at all, tended to be viewed either negatively as irrational dimensions of mind interfering with the rational business of leading or as a discrete psychological category subsumed within emotional intelligence. In this article, the authors conceptualize emotions holistically as an embodied phenomenon that mediates the social process of leadership. They discuss police leadership as a specific organizational context that shapes and constrains emotional expression and suggest ways that emotional intelligence might be construed to aid police leadership development.
Cognitive Demands of New Technologies and the Implications for Learning Theory
Authors: Torraco Richard J.
Published: July 2003

The cognitive demands of new technologies are poorly understood because the technologies themselves are not well understood and because refinements are needed in the methods used to study their cognitive demands. This article defines specific characteristics of tasks involving the use of new technologies and identifies the cognitive demands of these tasks. Then, the article examines how well four learning theories—those of Scribner, Schon, Wenger, and Hutchins—address these cognitive demands. A central contention of this article is that relatively few learning theories that have been applied to work settings fully capture the behavioral and environmental dynamics of learning and working. These four theories are shown to provide meaningful explanations of how such learning occurs, and their distinctive theoretical properties are identified. The implications of this study for further research on workplace learning and learning theory are discussed.
The Evolution of Capital Theory: A Critique of a Theory of Social Capital and Implications for HRD
Authors: Storberg Julia
Published: July 2003

The concept of capital has evolved over time. This article describes the change from capital as classically defined to neocapital , a term that more accurately describes the intangible components of capital. One component of neocapital, social capital, is increasingly being viewed as integral to organizational success. However, theories (and their resulting concepts and operational definitions) of social capital remain underdeveloped and fragmented in specific disciplines (e.g., sociology, psychology, social psychology, political economy). Building on the historical foundation of economic, political science, and management literature, this article reviews and critiques a new theory of social capital and explores possible implications for the field of human resource development. Lin’s theory, although appropriately categorized as a middle range theory, offers human resource development scholars and practitioners a new way of organizing and conceptualizing the connections between social relationships and individual and organizational performance.
Technology-Focused Expansive Professionals: Developing Continuous Learning in the High-Technology Sector
Authors: London Manuel , Diamante Thomas
Published: July 2003

This article outlines a conceptual model to explain the focus and development of expansive behavior. Key indicators of expansiveness are high self-directed energy, motivation for continuous learning, and an action/applied orientation. Particular attention is given to technology-focused expansive professionals who show continued involvement in knowledge acquisition, discovery, and invention. Emerging technologies impose fast-paced, competitive, global pressures that demand and energize technology-focused expansiveness. However, as technologies stabilize, learning more about oneself and how one relates to others (self-awareness-focused expansiveness) may be important for continuous learning and business success. Human resource challenges for managing technology-focused expansive professionals, creating suitable business cultures, and developing the self-awareness necessitated by business maturity are discussed.
Food for Thought: Fluctuations in Brain Extracellular Glucose Provide Insight into the Mechanisms of Memory Modulation
Authors: McNay Ewan C. , Gold Paul E.
Published: July 2003

Extensive evidence indicates that peripheral or direct central glucose administration enhances cognitive processes in rodents and humans. These behavioral findings suggest that glucose acts directly on the brain to regulate neural processing, a function that seems incompatible with the traditional view that brain glucose levels are high and invariant except under extreme conditions. However, recent data suggest that the glucose levels of the brain’s extracellular fluid are lower and more variable than previously supposed. In particular, the level of glucose in the extracellular fluid of a given brain area decreases substantially when a rat is performing a memory task for which the brain area is necessary. Together with results identifying downstream effects of such variance in glucose availability, the evidence leads to new thinking about glucose regulation of brain functions including memory.
The Neural Correlates of Navigation: Do Head Direction and Place Cells Guide Spatial Behavior?
Authors: Muir Gary M. , Taube Jeffrey S.
Published: July 2003

Head direction (HD) and place cells are thought to represent the neural correlates of processes underlying navigation. At present, however, a large gap exists in our knowledge as to how the firing characteristics of HD and place cells relate to performance in a navigational task. The purpose of this review is to evaluate critically the current evidence that such a relationship exists by examining the studies that have directly addressed this issue. The results of these studies are consistent with the notion that behavior and perceived orientation (as represented in the firing of HD and place cells) can be independently controlled by different cues but, under certain conditions, are controlled by the same cue(s). Much work, however, remains to be done to clarify the role of the HD and place cell systems in the neurobiology of spatial cognition and navigation.
The Case of Molly L.
Authors: Krain Amy , Hudson Jennifer , Coles Meredith , Kendall Philip
Published: July 2003

The present case study illustrates how a family cognitive-behavioral therapy (FCBT) was used to treat a 9-year-old girl diagnosed with separation anxiety disorder and agoraphobia without panic. The first half of treatment focused on teaching specific coping skills, whereas the second half consisted of exposure tasks that provided opportunities for Molly to practice what she had learned. The therapy also addressed issues of family communication and emotional expression. Through flexible application of the manual, the therapist helped Molly's parents recognize how their expectations affected their daughter's behavior and helped Molly with her own self-image and expectations for coping. Following treatment, Molly and her parents reported that her anxiety had decreased and that her coping skills had improved. Overall, this case illustrates the successful application of FCBT and highlights the importance of applying a treatment manual flexibly to address client needs.
Family Behavior Therapy in a Conduct-Disordered and Substance-Abusing Adolescent
Authors: Donohue Brad , Azrin Nathan H.
Published: July 2003

The present case study describes a Family Behavior Therapy (FBT) method used to treat an adolescent substance-dependent youth who evidenced co-occurring symptoms of conduct disorder and major depressive disorder. The case example includes a description of the youth's assessment, including mental status, relevant background information, substance abuse history, use of standardized measures and urine drug assay tests, diagnostic impressions, conceptualization, and method of developing the treatment plan. Implementation of the FBT program is fully delineated, including examples of completed therapy worksheets and ongoing assessments of drug use, conduct, school performance, and mood. Results, albeit uncontrolled, indicated significant progress throughout intervention and at 6 month follow-up.
A Serial Murderer Learns to Regain Volition by Recognizing the Aura of His Partial Seizures of “Limbic Psychotic Trigger Reaction”
Authors: Pontius Anneliese A.
Published: July 2003

A shy serial murderer, a social loner with past head injuries and previous petit mal seizures, surrendered voluntarily after 25 years. All his homicides had been unplanned, motiveless, and committed with flat affect and during a fleeting psychosis. Both onset and cessation of the symptomatology were sudden and had progressed in three phases, implicating seizures. After recognizing the fatal meaning of his “premonition signs” (his visual aura), he was able to flee immediately and permanently from two potential further victims. His flight had also removed the impact of his individualized external trigger stimuli (demands for closeness), which previously had revived past similar stresses. Because such external stimuli are necessary for seizure kindling, the apparent seizureaborting effect of their removed impact supports a hypothesis of seizure kindling. Previously, 16 similar homicidal cases had been proposed as limbic psychotic trigger reaction. Furthermore, the volitional abortion of a seizure was not followed by an alternative psychosis or forced normalization.
Treatment of Obsessive Thoughts and Cognitive Rituals Using Exposure and Response Prevention
Authors: Abramowitz Jonathan S.
Published: July 2003

This case study describes the application of cognitive-behavioral therapy by exposure and response prevention (EX/RP) to a young man with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) involving primarily obsessional thoughts and mental rituals. Although patients with primarily cognitive OCD symptoms have been previously considered treatment resistant, novel approaches to EX/RP have been developed and validated. Successful treatment of such symptoms requires a thorough and informed assessment. The theoretical and empirical basis for these procedures is described, along with a cognitive-behavioral analysis of the problem. The course of treatment, use of assessment data, and recommendations to clinicians are also discussed.
Treatment of Kleptomania Using Cognitive and Behavioral Strategies
Authors: Kohn Carolynn S. , Antonuccio David O.
Published: July 2003

Little research exists examining the treatment of kleptomania, particularly in men. This case study illustrates the treatment of a male client with kleptomania in which depression, suicidal ideation, and potential legal complications were present. Strategies included covert sensitization, behavioral chaining, problem solving, cognitive restructuring, and use of homework. On completion of treatment, symptoms of depression and kleptomania had decreased significantly. At 16-weekfollo w-up, the client reported continued remission of kleptomania and depressive symptoms. Treatment complications are discussed, and recommendations to clinicians are made.
The Case of Ms. A
Authors: Traub Howard L. , Lane Robert C.
Published: July 2003

Object relations theory focuses on the intense relationship between child and parent and how the internalized objects from childhood influence one's emotions, thoughts, and behaviors in adult life. The case of Ms. A demonstrates the integration of Margaret Mahler and Donald Winnicott's contributions to object relations theory regarding conceptualization and treatment. The case study vividly explains and illustrates the application of Winnicott's concepts of the good-enough mother; holding, mirroring, and the true and false self; as well as Mahler's rapprochement crisis and issues concerning separation and individuation. Ms. A was treated individually over the course of 1 year for treatment of her depression, anxiety, and dependent character traits.
Case Study of the Assessment and Treatment of a Youth With Multifunction School Refusal Behavior
Authors: Kearney Christopher A.
Published: July 2003

School refusal behavior is a common problem among children and adolescents and can lead to serious short- and long-term consequences if not addressed. Although recent treatment outcome studies have targeted youth who refuse to go to school for one specific reason (e.g., anxiety, attention), very little information is available on youth who refuse school for two reasons, and no information is available on youth who refuse school for three reasons. This article reports on the successful treatment of a 12-year-old boy who received prescriptive treatment for multifunction school refusal behavior. The treatment was assigned in accordance with a set assessment strategy designed to identify the primary reasons why a particular child refuses to attend school.
Dialectical Behavior Therapy for Suicidal Adolescent Inpatients
Authors: Katz Laurence Y. , Cox Brian J.
Published: July 2003

Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) is an empirically supported treatment for chronically parasuicidal adult women with borderline personality disorder. It has recently been modified for use with other psychiatric disorders and populations. In this article, the authors briefly review the theoretical and research basis for the use of DBT with parasuicidal adolescent inpatients, and a case study is presented. The case study includes a DBT case formulation, and its application to the inpatient management of a chronically parasuicidal adolescent is described. This adolescent had significant difficulties engaging in treatment and required use of DBT commitment strategies, which are reviewed. The authors also describe (a) the use of a stage theory of treatment, (b) the application of Linehan's biosocial theory, (c) use of behavioral analysis of parasuicidal behavior, and (d) dialectical treatment of this patient. Finally, 1-year follow-up data on this patient are presented.