bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
METALLIC ORE RESOURCES IN THE ITKUL CULTURE OF THE MIDDLE TRANS-URALS DURING THE EARLY IRON AGE
Authors:   South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Artemyev Dmitry A. , Stepanov Ivan S. ,   South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geology, Ural Branch of the RAS, Ankusheva Polina S. ,   South Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University; South Urals Federal Research Center of Mineralogy and Geology, Ural Branch of the RAS
Published: December 2022

The paper addresses the question of ore resources (occurrences and deposits) exploited by the Early Iron Age metallurgists of the Itkul culture in the middle Urals. The main method of the study was the analysis of geological maps and reports, and the analysis of the correlation between the identified ore occurrences and the Itkul culture metal production centers. The results of the study reveal a relationship between the location of the Itkul culture settlement clusters and various types of copper ore (VMS, skarn and stratiform) and iron ore (infiltration and sedimentary ironstone) deposits, which could have been exploited for copper, and iron metallurgy in antiquity. We suggest that the primary smelting of copper ore was performed only in clusters: Polevskoy, Itkulsky, Isetsky and Irtyashsky. The use of ironstone ores is attested in copper metallurgy, where they were added into the charge as fluxes to reduce the viscosity of the slag melt and more efficiently extract copper from the ore. The Itkul metallurgical settlements seem also to have direct evidence of iron smelting. The ironstone deposits of infiltration-sedimentary type, common in the middle Trans-Urals, were apparently one of the main ore sources used. The provided geological maps showing the location of the possible iron and copper metallic resources make it possible to localize areas having the potential for finding new archaeological evidence of ancient mining and primary metallurgical operations. Based on these data, the first early Iron Age iron ore mine was discovered in the Urals.
TECHNICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL AND STYLISTIC FEATURES OF SIBERIAN TILES AS A HISTORICAL SOURCE
Authors:   Institute of Archaeology and Ethnography, Siberian Branch of the RAS, Chernaya Mariya P. ,   National Research Tomsk State University
Published: December 2022

Tiles are ceramic products with a front plate and a vertical framed rib (1 inch or higher) on the back side, intended for architectural or stove lining. They became a completely new phenomenon in Siberia in the 17th–18th centuries. Their distribution is associated with the process of civilizational modernization, which entailed the emergence of new industries, technologies, and specialists. Buildings and stoves with tiled decor have not been preserved in the region, written information is scarce, so the main source for the study of Siberian tiles is archaeological materials. The most representative archaeological collections of tiles are from Tobolsk, Tyumen, Tomsk, Yeniseisk, single fragments of tiles were found in Beryozovo, Kuznetsk, Irkutsk and the village of Kemerova. The technical and morphological characteristics of tiles include: the composition of the dough, the quality of fi ring, the size and shape of the front plate, the method of processing and decorating the face, color, rib design. All types of tiles are represented in Siberia: relief terracotta, glazed green and multi-color, single-color smooth, multi-color painted smooth. Relief polychrome tiles dominate quantitatively. All types of tiles are made of red clay. A fragment of a stamp for imprinting an image on an adobe oven was found in Berezovo. Siberian tiles, influenced by the Moscow tiling school, represented at the same time one of the peripheral variations of the transformation of the metropolitan tradition. In the technical and stylistic features of the Siberian tiles, the influence of the European tradition was also reflected. The spread of tile decor and tile trade in the region is a significant manifestation of the transfer of technologies, intercultural exchange and interaction, a vivid embodiment of the process of development and civilizational transformation of Siberia.
Molecular markers as tools in breeding for resistance to Potato Virus Y
Authors: Biryukova V. A. , Zharova V. A. , Chalaya N. A. , Shmyglya I. V. , Rogozina E. V.
Published: December 2022

Potato virus Y (PVY) is an economically important pathogen of potato as a vegetatively propagated crop. High resistance to all strains of PVY is determined by Ry-genes, which are introgressed into modern potato varieties from a limited number of sources of resistance ‒ Solanum stoloniferum Schlechtd. et Bche., Solanum andigenum Juz. et Buk., Solanum chacoense Bitt. Use of new species Solanum and interspecific hybrids based on them provides for the expansion of existing potato gene pool in breeding for resistance to PVY. Traditional breeding for resistance to viruses has still a great potential, though, it is a long and laborious process. Molecular markers linked to Ry-genes are widely integrated in order to increase the effectiveness of practical breeding. Previous studies have revealed a number of shortcomings in using the molecular markers of Ry-genes. To assess the predictive abilities of molecular markers RYSC3, M45, M6 of the Ryadg gene and YES3-3A of the Rysto gene for resistance to PVY, the F1 generation of two potato populations was studied, in the creation of which inter-specific hybrids were used. The nature of segregation 5:3 obtained by phenotype showed that the original parental forms can be the sources of not only previously identified, but also unidentified Ry-genes and Ny-genes of hypersensitivity. Correlation coefficient between the presence of markers and resistance to PVY was 0.64 for the YES3-3 marker (79 % matching) and 0.54 for RYSC3, М45, М6 markers (76 % matching). There have been revealed the cases of “false positive” results of the study (the presence of a marker in susceptible genotypes), which indicate to the insufficient effectiveness of the markers used. The marker segregation observed in the populations was consistent with chromatid segregation, confirming the simplex nature of Ry-genes inheritance from resistant parents. The ratio of genotypes with the presence/absence of markers was 0.86:1.
The effect of the Pharmaiod preparation in the virus elimination of pear plants using the thermotherapy method
Authors: Upadyshev M. T.
Published: December 2022

Currently, the main methods of virus elimination of fruit crops are dry-air thermotherapy, meristem culture and chemotherapy. The use of a complex of physical and chemical methods makes it possible to increase the efficiency of virus elimination. Improving the methods of recovery must be carried out in relation to certain types of viruses, the biological characteristics of the crop and variety. The purpose of the research is to study the effect of the Pharmaiod preparation on biometric, physiological parameters and the release of harmful viruses-free pear plants in the process of dry-air thermotherapy. Improvement of pear plants of varieties Letnyaya Zabava, Zolotoy Vityaz, hybrids R-11-9, R-10-3 and R-2-4 from harmful latent viruses of Apple stem grooving virus (ASGV), Apple stem pitting virus (ASPV), Apple chlorotic leaf spot virus (ACLSV), Apple mosaic virus (ApMV) were carried out in 2020-2021 at the temperature of 38 °C for 3 months using a thermal chamber designed by the Federal Horticultural Research Centеr for Breeding, Agrotechnology and Nursery. Biometric parameters in pear plants depended on varietal characteristics, the duration of therapy and the concentration of the Pharmaiod preparation. In most of the varieties and forms studied, after 3 months of thermotherapy, the Pharmaiod preparation at a concentration of 1 ml/l contributed to an increase in the length of 1 shoot of pear plants by 1.4-3.1 times compared with the control. Under the conditions of a thermal chamber, according to a set of indicators, pear hybrids R-11-9 and R-10-3 were characterized by the highest heat resistance; medium heat resistance was shown by Letnyaya Zabava and Zolotoy Vityaz varieties; low – by R-2-4 hybrid. Higher heat-resistant varieties and forms were characterized by a more restrained growth of shoots in length compared to lower heat-resistant ones. An average negative significant correlation at the 5% significance level was established between the water content in the leaves and the length of 1 shoot (r = -0.52). The yield of virus-free pear plants depended on the type of virus. The yield of pear plants free from 4 major harmful viruses as a result of dry-air thermotherapy without the use of the Pharmaiod preparation was 50 %, with the use of the drug it was 60 %.
Influence of the aftereffect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of a long-term phytocenosis in the conditions of the Privilyui agrolandscape of the middle taiga subzone of Yakutia
Authors: Barashkova N. V. , Ustinova V. V. , Fedorova A. I. , Gabysheva L. K.
Published: December 2022

The article provides the research of 2011-2019 on studying the long-term influence of the aftereffect of 36-year application of mineral fertilizers on the productivity and nutritional value of long-term meadow phytocenoses. In a stationary experiment with a radical improvement of meadows, the following variants for applying mineral fertilizers were studied from 1974 to 2010: the minimum level was N62P60K11 (control), the average level was N202P175K43, and the maximum level was N318P362K189. In the conditions of the Privilyui agrolandscape of the middle taiga subzone of Yakutia, a long-term aftereffect of fertilizers (from 2011 to 2019) contributed to the preservation of the main dominant in the grass stand - couch grass (Elymus repens (L.) Nevski) up to 27.4-42.1 % and codominant – short-awned barley (Hordeum brevisubulatum (Trin) Link.) up to 14.7-24.3 %. During the aftereffect of fertilizers, the yield of cereal-forb phytocenosis averaged 1.71-2.03 t/ha of hay, which is 2.1-2.5 times higher than the yield of natural meadows. At the same time, hay forage contained up to 8.9-9.1 MJ of exchange energy, up to 0.62-0.65 feed units, and up to 80-90 g of digestible protein, which corresponds to the zootechnical norm.
Association of genotypes of cows of the Kholmogory breed by beta-casein with milk productivity
Authors: Parygina E. V. , Khudyakova N. A. , Tulinova O. V. , Pervukhina A. A. , Selkova I. V. , Kozhevnikova I. S. , Kudrina M. A.
Published: December 2022

The aim of the study is to identify the frequency of occurrence of various allelic variants and genotypes of beta-casein in cows of the Kholmogory breed and their relationship with dairy productivity. The tasks of the research are genotyping of cattle of the Kholmogory breed by the beta-casein locus and establishing its connection with qualitative and quantitative indicators of dairy productivity. As the objects for the research there were taken 150 cows of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd lactation. An allele-specific variant of the PCR method (AS-PCR) was used to identify A1 and A2 beta-casein. As the result it had been established that in the studied part of the herd, 23 % of animals had the A2A2 genotype, 43 % of animals had the A1A1 genotype and 34 % of animals had the A1A2 genotype. For 100 days of the first lactation, animals with A1A2 genotype showed the highest value in milk yield. Animals with A2A2 genotype for 305 days of lactation had the highest milk yield and the amount of milk protein, however, the difference was not statistically significant compared to the animals with A1A2 genotype. Genotype A1A1 has lower indicators by all the parameters studied, with a significant difference relative to genotypes A1A2 and A2A2. Thus, the study of CSN2 is a promising area of scientific research, and the results of the study of beta-casein genotypes can be used as a marker selection in improving the herds of the Kholmogory breed.
Effect of introducing Lamarine Saldonum into the diets of cows during dry period and period of lactation on their productivity and reproductive ability
Authors: Shemuranova N. A. , Garifullina N. A.
Published: December 2022

The article presents the data on the effect of the Lamarin Saldonum additive on reproductive function and milk productivity of cows when used in different periods: 30 days and 60 days before calving (groups S1 and S2), beginning from the day of calving (group S3) compared with the control (group C4). Highly productive black and white Holstein breed cows were used in the experiment. The additive was fed at a dose of 0.4 g per 1 kg of live weight during 60 days. It was found that S2 group had significantly shorter duration of pregnancy than S1 and C4 groups by 6.2 and 8.2 days, respectively, remaining within the limits of the physiological norm. The shortest indifference-period compared to C4 was observed in groups S1 and S3, the significant difference being 15.25 % and 18.39 %, respectively. The least number of days from calving to fruitful insemination was recorded in group S1, compared to control the statistically significant differences were 37.16 %, compared to groups S2 and S3 – 28.82 % and 27.67 %, which reliably reduced the period of infertility by 57.33 % relative to the values of group C4, as well by 47.90 % and 46.49 % relative to the indicators of groups S2 and S3. The highest average daily milk yields were recorded in group S1: in the first month of lactation, the difference with groups S2, S3 and C4 was 5.74 %, 14.01 % and 17.06 % (psecond (at p0.05), 14.53 %, 16.52 %, 15.19 %, in the third 9.57 % (p0.05), 13.06 %, 10.94 % (p0.05), in the first 100 days of lactation 11.90 %, 16.86 % (p0.05) and 13.28 % (p0.01), respectively. Thus, the most optimal scheme of application of Lamarin Saldonum for stimulation of reproductive function and milk productivity of cows is 30 days before the expected calving.
ANNELERİN PSİKOLOJİK DAYANIKLILIKLARI İLE ÇOCUKLARININ SOSYAL BECERİLERİ ARASINDAKİ İLİŞKİNİN VE SOSYAL BECERİLERİ ETKİLEYEN FAKTÖRLERİN BELİRLENMESİ
Authors: AKSOY Hatice Pınar , GÜLTEKİN AKDUMAN Gülümser , ŞEPİTCİ SARIBAŞ Merve , ÖZYÜREK Arzu
Published: December 2022

Araştırmada, annelerin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ile çocuklarının sosyal becerileri arasındaki ilişkinin ve sosyal becerileri etkileyen faktörlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda araştırma, yordayıcı korelasyonel araştırma modelinin ve sınıflama modellerinden karar ağacının kullanıldığı bir çalışma olarak tasarlanmıştır. Örneklem grubunu, 48-72 aylık 371 çocuk ve bu çocukların anneleri oluşturmuştur. Veri toplama araçları olarak “Genel Bilgi Formu”, “Yetişkinler için Psikolojik Dayanıklılık Ölçeği” ve “Okul Öncesi Sosyal Beceri Değerlendirme Ölçeği” kullanılmıştır. Verilerin analizinde Pearson Korelasyon Katsayısı, basit doğrusal regresyon ve CHAID algoritması kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın sonucunda, annelerin psikolojik dayanıklılıkları ile çocuklarının sosyal becerileri arasında orta düzeyde pozitif yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu, annelerin psikolojik dayanıklılıklarının çocukların sosyal beceri düzeylerindeki değişimin %19’unu açıkladığı görülmüştür. CAHID analizleri sonucunda, çocukların başlangıç becerileri üzerinde okul türünün ve annelerin yaşlarının; çocukların akademik destek becerileri üzerinde babaların öğrenim durumlarının, annelerin yaşlarının, çocukların yaşlarının ve cinsiyetlerinin; çocukların arkadaşlık becerileri üzerinde babaların öğrenim durumlarının, annelerin yaşlarının ve çocukların yaşlarının; çocukların duygularını yönetme becerileri üzerinde çocukların yaşlarının; çocukların sosyal becerileri üzerinde ise annelerin öğrenim durumlarının ve çocukların yaşlarının etkili olduğu görülmüştür.
HİLAFET TARTIŞMALARI GÖLGESİNDE RAUF ORBAY’IN HİNDİSTAN SEYAHATİ
Authors: PINAR Mehmet
Published: December 2022

Türkiye’deki yeni rejim, 1924 tarihinde Hilafeti kaldırmasıyla İslam dünyasında Hilafet kurumunun geleceğiyle ilgili yoğun tartışma dönemi başladı. Bu tartışmalarda öne çıkan devletlerin Hilafet kurumunun sorumluluğunu tek başına üstlenme konusundaki çekimserlikleri oldu. Osmanlı ve Arap eksenli Hilafet tartışmaları, Ortadoğu’da Müslüman toplumlarda önemli bir gündem oluşturdu. Hindistan dışında Osmanlı hanedanlık bakiyeleri üzerine Hilafetin temsiline/devamına sıcak bakılmadı. Bu tartışmaların yaşandığı bir süreçte Rauf Orbay’ın Hindistan seyahati, Türkiye’deki yeni rejimde kısa süreli bir tedirginliğe yol açtı. Rauf Orbay, Türkiye’deki yeni rejimin beklentilerinin aksine Hilafetin sadece bir ülkenin sorunu olmadığı bütün dünya Müslümanlarının problemi olduğu konusunda bir irade sergiledi. Cumhuriyetin kuruluş sürecinde rejimin tanımladığı Rauf Orbay ile Hindistan’da verdiği konferanslarla Hilafet kurumu hakkında tespitlerde bulunan mezkur kişi arasında derin bir fark olduğu dikkatlerden kaçmadı. Hilafet kurumunun tarihsel süreçte ortaya koyduğu pratiklerden hareketle bu kurumun İslami kesimde bir karşılığının kalmadığı yönünde bir eğilim gösterdi. Bu kurum hakkındaki açıklamaları ve beklentileri rejimin tedirginliğini ciddi manada törpüledi. Bu çalışmada Hilafetin kaldırılmasından sonra İslam devletlerinde Halifeliği tekrardan ihya etme çabaları çerçevesinde Rauf Orbay’ın Hindistan seyahatinde Hilafet konusunun hangi açıdan gündeme geldiğini incelemenin yanında Türkiye’nin bu konuya eğilimini/tavrını tespit etmek amaçlanmaktadır.
PADIŞ - A GEOMORPHOMETRIC APPROACH
Authors:   University of Oradea, Department of Geography, Tourism and Territorial Planning, 1 University St., 410087, Oradea, Romania, BLAGA Lucian
Published: December 2022

This study presents a unitary morphometric analysis for one of the most spectacular karst sectors in Romania: the closed basin Padiș – Cetățile Ponorului. 2 DEMs was used for this purpose, one derived from the interpolation of level curves and altimetry quotas from topographic maps, on scale 1 : 25000, and the second (generated from LiDAR data) was taken over from the National Agency for Cadastre and Land Registration (ANCPI). We have processed 6 morphometric parameters comparatively (hypsometry, slope, aspect and 3 types of curvatures : profil, plan and general curvature) to highlight the metric features of the relief in the studied area as accurately as possible. The results show that the surface relief in Padiș is mature, with an average altitude of 1268 m, in which prevail the slopes with moderate tilt (6 - 17), predominantly sunny and semi-sunny. The relation between the general curvature values and the hydrogeologic features of the area explains the distribution of the sectors with underground water loss and also the disorganized distribution of the surface hydrographic network.
Destination branding though major sporting events: The case of the 2021 Africa Cup of Nations in Cameroon
Authors:   . University of Johannesburg, School of Tourism and Hospitality, College of Business and Economics, Bunting Road Campus, School Cottesloe 2092, Johannesburg, South Africa, TICHAAWA Tembi M. , HEMMONSBEY Janice D. ,   Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Department of Sport Management, Faculty of Business and Management Sciences, Cape Town, South Africa
Published: December 2022

The study elicits visitor perceptions on the destination brand of Cameroon through sport event hosting. The nations' brand is often reduced to its geo-political and socio-economic status, and it becomes challenging for Cameroon to overcome this powerful negative discourse. Sport events are proven to be a powerful vehicle for changing perceptions and reimaging nations. This study employed a quantitative approach to data collection whereby face-to-face survey questionnaires were conducted with sport event spectators (n=465) at the AFCON tournament to determine the brand images held in the minds of visitors and moreover to determine the consequential effects on destination branding. Results of the study not only reveal that positive brand imagery is linked to cultural diversity but that it also demonstrates strong associations to sport brand positioning. The results further expose elements of branding challenges linked to policy development and leadership. This research holds key significance for destination brand stakeholders in terms of utilising appropriate marketing strategies in event promotions. It also supports existing destination branding constructs linked to brand image and brand positioning.
Biodiversity of East Asian apple-tree species and their use in breeding
Authors: Barsukova O. N.
Published: December 2022

Maikop Experiment Station of VIR maintains and studies the richest genetic diversity of primitive East Asian apple-tree species, including the sections Docyniopsis C.C. Schneid. and Sorbomalus Zabel. In addition, the research covers species of the Gymnomeles Koehne section, more advanced in evolutionary development, which, in addition to Siberia and the Far East, are also spread in China, Mongolia and other regions of East Asia. The collection is studied according to VIR’s guidelines.

The Docyniopsis section is represented by one of the oldest Malus spp. in the collection – M. sikkimensis (Wenz.) Koehne, inhabiting the Eastern Himalayas. Accession k-2412 is characterized by high yield, disease resistance, and late flowering. The collection contains 5 main species and 6 hybrid ones, belonging to various series of the Sorbomalus section. The Toringonae series (Rehd.) Lang. includes M. sieboldii (Regel) Rehd., spread in Japan, China, and Korea. Of the two accessions of this species, the most promising is k-43201, with a high annual yield, early start of fruiting, and high resistance to diseases. The same series also includes several hybrid species obtained with the participation of M. sieboldii. The most well-known of them is M. × floribunda Sieb. Great prospects for breeding are observed in M. × sargentii Rehd. Accession k-2428 is characterized by a short stem, early start of fruiting, high yield, ornamental traits and, according to long-term data, stable immunity to diseases. The collection harbors a broad diversity of species from the Gymnomeles section. Among them, there are species with a set of valuable traits, including disease resistance, high yield, etc. The most promising is M. hupehensis (Pamp.) Rehd. (k-14945): in addition to disease immunity, it demonstrates high annual yields, exceptional ornamental qualities, and late flowering, in contrast to other species of the Gymnomeles section.
Crop wild relatives in the protected areas of the Republic of Bashkortostan
Authors: Miftakhova S. R. , Abramova L. M. , Saifullina N. M. , Yusupova O. V.
Published: December 2022

Background. Comprehensive research into crop wild relatives (CWR) is essential to ensure food security. Protected areas serve as the main reserves for CWR in situ conservation and their population genetics studies. There are four federal protected areas in the Republic of Bashkortostan: the Bashkiria National Park, the Shulgan-Tash State Biosphere Nature Reserve, the South Ural and Bashkir State Nature Reserves.

Materials and methods. The floristic study of CWR was conducted using the standard route method. The methods of comparative floristics were applied in the CWR analysis,. The economic value of plant species was assessed according to the ranking developed at the N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources.

Results. In total, out of 259 species of CWR growing in Bashkortostan, 186 (72%) occur in the federal protected areas, with the highest number in the Bashkiria National Park (148 spp.). Species belonging to the Poaceae, Fabaceae, Rosaceae and Lamiaceae families and the Poa L., Trifolium L., Lathyrus L., Allium L. genera are predominant. CWR are mainly confined to the forest meadow, forest margin, steppe and riverside communities. Alpine and raised bog CWR species occur only in the South-Ural Nature Reserve. There are 13 regional endemics in the studied territories and 34 species on their range boundaries. Of the 23 CWR species listed in the regional Red Book, seven are conserved in the surveyed areas: Allium obliquum L., Crambe tataria Sebeok, Linum uralense Juz., Melilotoides platycarpos (L.) Soják, Oxycoccus microcarpus Turcz. ex Rupr., Rubus arcticus L., and R. humulifolius C.A. Mey.

Conclusion. Monitoring of the rare CWR species populations is required in the surveyed protected areas. Eight CWR species are recommended for further population genetics studies: Amygdalus nana L., Cerasus fruticosa Pall., Allium rubens Schrad. ex Willd., A. obliquum L., A. schoenoprasum L., Lathyrus gmelinii Fritsch, L. litvinovii Iljin, and L. sylvestris L.
Winter rye cultivars moderately resistant to ergot
Authors: Shchekleina L. M. , Sheshegova T. K.
Published: December 2022

Background. Cereal ergot caused by the fungus Claviceps purpurea (Fr.) Tul. is a progressive disease of winter rye. There are no rye cultivars resistant to the disease, and breeding methods of protection have not been developed in Russia.

Materials and methods. The material for the research included 97 winter rye cultivars. A biochemical analysis of the sclerotia of the fungus was carried out, the composition and content of ergot alkaloids (EA) in the sclerotia of C. purpurea from the Kirov population were studied, and the relationship between the biometry of sclerotia and the EA content, toxicity and pathogenicity of C. purpurea was analyzed. Well-known methods of resistance assessment and EA analysis were applied.

Results and conclusions. Fourteen cultivars least affected by the pathogen were identified: ‘Flora’, ‘Kiprez’, ‘Grafinya’, ‘Lika’, ‘Batist’, ‘Simfoniya’, ‘Garmoniya’, ‘Sadko’, ‘Parom’, ‘Virazh’, ‘Saratovskaya 7’, ‘Volkhova’, ‘Novaya Era’, and ‘Podarok’. They can be used in breeding for ergot resistance. Three types of EA were identified in C. purpurea sclerotia: ergocristine, ergotamine, and its stereoisomer ergocristinine. Cvs. ‘Lika’, ‘Simfoniya’ and ‘Garmoniya’ were the least affected by ergot, and the sclerotia formed on the plants of these cultivars did not accumulate EA. A significant (r = 0.50–0.60) correlation was found between lesions and biometric parameters of C. purpurea sclerotia, and between grain contamination with sclerotia and their biometrics (r = 0.63– 0.78). A weak positive correlation (r = 0.22) was detected between the toxicity and pathogenicity of C. purpurea. A negative correlation was established between the weight of sclerotia and the accumulation of EA in them (r = –0.46), which indicated the biological danger of small sclerotia that got into the seed and food batches of grain.
Divorce Cases in Members of Indonesian Police Force: A Positive Law Perspective
Authors: Kasim Nur Mohamad , Semiaji Trubus
Published: December 2022

This research aims to analyse the factors of divorce in members of a police force, the impacts, and alternatives offered by the court judge to overcome divorce problems from a positive law perspective, the juridical-sociological method. The study took place in the coverage area of Court in Gorontalo, Suwawa, and Limboto. Further, the present work applied a case approach and statute approach. The data from primary and secondary sources were collected from the literature study and field research. The results showed that the factors of divorce comprise: prolonged quarrelling, cheating, economic problems, and domestic violence. The divorce cases lead to several problems that impact the married couple, their children, and their shared wealth. Referring to the Islamic Law perspective, the court Judge provides several alternatives to optimise mediation as dispute settlement before divorce as a last resort. Moreover, the Judge provides post-divorce alternatives to ensure that the ex-husband gives the iddah and mut'ah allowances to his ex-wife and that the ex-husband still supports the children's development.Â
The Current Development of Marriage Age Provisions in Indonesia and Malaysia: A Socio-Historical Approach
Authors: Turnip Ibnu Radwan Siddik , Fuad Zainul , Nurhayati Nurhayati
Published: December 2022

This paper discusses how the current social history of Islamic law in the Southeast Asian region relates to the minimum age of marriage. Then also, it will be examined how socio-cultural and socio-political influences surround the change in the provisions of the minimum age of marriage in the two countries. This normative legal research focused on studying legal history using the social history approach of Islamic law. Data is analyzed with qualitative methods. The results showed a change in the age of marriage in Indonesia, from 19 years for men and 16 years for women to 19 years for both men and women. While in Malaysia, most states have not changed the minimum age of marriage, remaining at 18 years old for men and 16 years for women. The change in the age of marriage occurs in the state of Selangor alone, which determines the marriage age limit is 18 years for men and women. The difference in terms of the marriage age limit in these two countries is strongly influenced by the socio-cultural and socio-political dynamics in society. The aspirations of some groups of people towa Â rds changing the marriage age limit in both countries have also strengthened due to the growing number of cases of child marriage, extramarital pregnancy, and the practice of abortion in both countries.
The Position of the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 33 of 2018 Concerning the Measles-Rubella Vaccine: National Law Perspective
Authors: Yusmad Muammar Arafat , Siliwadi Dirah Nurmila
Published: December 2022

This study aims to analyze the position and validity of the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) Number 33 of 2018 from the perspective of national law. And analyze the position of the fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council Number 33 of 2018 in terms of sociological, philosophical, and juridical application aspects. This research is library research sourced from secondary data with a statutory approach, namely an approach with an analysis of national legal rules and regulations related to Islamic law. The results show that the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council is not binding to be obeyed and is only in the form of appeals and suggestions given to Muslims because the Fatwa of the Indonesian Ulema Council is not included in the national legal framework in Indonesia. The fatwa regarding the Measles-Rubella (MR) vaccine is allowed (permissible) on the grounds of a starâ€™s emergency. Yes, with the applicable provisions. The 2018 Fatwa Number 33 by the Indonesian Ulema Council applies sociologically because the Muslim community accepts the fatwa and makes a warning about the status of the Measles-Rubella vaccine.
Accommodation of Customs and Islamic Laws in Determining the Beginning of the Month of Ramadan for Indigenous Papuan Muslim Community in West Papua
Authors: Sudirman Sudirman , Long Ahmad Sanuwari , Jubba Hasse
Published: December 2022

The focus of this research is to examine the accommodation of Islamic custom and law, especially in determining the beginning and end of the month of Ramadan in indigenous Papuan Muslim communities in West Papua. This determination method is known as the traditional method, which is considered the most accurate in determining the beginning of the month of Ramadan. The community also maintains this method even though it often differs from the government's determination. The analytical method used in this research is phenomenology by looking at people's behaviour as text that can be interpreted and given meaning. The data used as the basis for the analysis of this study were obtained from observations, interviews, and documentation. Observations focused on indigenous peoples' traditions in determining the beginning and end of non-Ramadan. Interviews were conducted with 12 informants of syarak judges (Imam, khatib, muazzin, and marbot) who have knowledge and actors in the traditional method. The study results show that the indigenous people have been practising determining the beginning and end of the month of Ramadan for a long time, carried out by syarak judges consisting of imams, khatib, muazzin, and marbot. They are figures who are considered capable of knowing when the month of Ramadan will arrive. As for the number of days of Ramadan, it must be 30 days, so since the first day is set, it will be counted up to the 30th day. The number of days cannot be less and cannot be more. The limitation of this research lies in the limited time in the research process because it was carried out when there was an outbreak of the Corona Virus Disease 19.
The Productivity of West Sumatra Muhammadiyah Cash Waqf as a Model for the Development of Sharia Investment in Empowering UMKM
Authors: Elfia Elfia , Duhriah Duhriah
Published: December 2022

Muhammadiyah is one of the organizations that initiated the development of cash waqf in West Sumatra. This institution experienced many obstacles because cash waqf is a new thing in society. People's understanding of waqf objects so far is in the form of objects that are not used up. This study aimed to explore the West Sumatra Muhammadiyah cash waqf's productivity to develop sharia investment and micro, small and medium enterprises in Padang. This research is a field research study with a qualitative approach. The data is in the form of primary data obtained through in-depth interviews with selected informants through snowball sampling?secondary data as supporting data to complete information and theory about cash waqf. Data analysis used an interactive model of qualitative analysis with data reduction, data presentation, verification, and conclusion. The findings of this study indicate that the productivity of cash waqf carried out by the West Sumatra Muhammadiyah Cash Waqf Board is in the form of capital investment and work (business). However, development in the form of work or business has not been fully implemented. This is not due to constraints in development efforts but in the productivity of micro and small businesses caused by unprofessional management and the lack of other development models that are more appropriate to make the business productive for each of the various productive investment units. Investments that are made and can produce waqf funds are more in the form of capital investment than work investment.
Experimental determination of stress of structural transition beginning in titanium nickelide after oriented transformation
Authors:   A. A. Movchan  Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Moscow, 125040, Movchan A. A. , Kazarina S. A. ,   S. A. Kazarina Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS, Silchenko A. L. ,   A. L. Silchenko Institute of Applied Mechanics, RAS
Published: December 2022

The results of experimental studies on oriented transformation followed by loading in the mode of martensitic inelasticity of titanium nickelide are presented. It is shown, in order to describe the structural mechanism of shape memory alloy (SMA) deformation, it is more correct to use the maximum intensity of the martensitic part deformation of the SMAs representative volume as an isotropic hardening parameter, rather than the averaged phase-structural deformation. The hypothesis of a linear dependence of the SMA compliance 1 / E on the volume fraction of the martensite phase q is better in agreement with the experimental data than the hypothesis of a linear dependence of Youngs modulus E on q.
Análisis de causas o motivos que fragmentan el sueño y los trastornos del sue-ño, en mujeres embarazadas y no embarazadas.
Authors: Valiensi Stella Maris , Izbizky Gustavo Hernán
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Durante la gestación, el sueño sufre cambios importantes. El objetivo fue evaluar causas o motivos que fragmentan el sueño y los trastornos del sueño en diversas mujeres y trimestres de embarazo, comparándolos con los de las mujeres no embarazadas (MNE). Métodos: Estudio de corte transversal. Se utilizó encuestas anónimas, para evaluar motivos que fragmentan el sueño y cuestionarios específicos para evaluar trastornos del sueño. Resultados: Mujeres Embarazadas (ME)= 320. 1er Trimestre de embarazo (T): n = 106, 2do. T: n = 104, 3er T: n = 110. MNE: n = 304. Motivos más frecuentes que fragmentan el sueño, se presentó en ME y fueron: necesidad de orinar, posición incómoda, no poder rotar en la cama. Como trastornos del sueño encontramos: pesadillas 44 vs 4.9%; ronquidos con pausas: 31 vs 3%. Conclusión: En las mujeres embarazadas estudiadas, la mayoría de las causas o motivos analizados fragmentaron el sueño; tuvieron más desórdenes del sueño como pesadillas, trastornos respiratorios y movimientos periódicos de piernas, comparados con las no embarazadas; quienes a su vez, presentaron insomnio, somnolencia excesiva y bruxismo.
Encuesta de factores de riesgo de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles en la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza, Argentina. Año 2019
Authors: Mangialavori Guadalupe , Defusto Sergio , Sandonato Selva , Panaggio Camila , Aquino Camila , Gómez Lara Victoria , López María Victoria , Elorriaga Natalia
Published: December 2022

INTRODUCCIÓN: Las Enfermedades Crónicas No Transmisibles (ECNT) representan las principales causas de muerte en Argentina y la identificación temprana de sus factores de riesgo (FR) es clave para su prevención. El objetivo de este estudio fue describir la frecuencia de FR y ECNT en estudiantes de la Universidad Nacional de La Matanza. MÉTODOS: Se realizó un estudio de corte transversal, utilizando un cuestionario adaptado de la Encuesta Nacional de Factores de Riesgo por autorreporte, para describir los FR y su asociación con características sociodemográficas. RESULTADOS: Se encuestaron 130 estudiantes de ambos sexos. El 6,9% identificó su salud como “regular” y un 48,5% algún grado de ansiedad o depresión. El 26,2% reportó bajo nivel de actividad física y casi todos los encuestados consumieron menos de 5 porciones de frutas y verduras al día. Un 6,2% reportó ser fumador y un 38,5% estar expuesto al humo del tabaco. La prevalencia de sobrepeso fue de 23,2% y de obesidad de 6,4%. El 20,4% y el 16,8% de los estudiantes informaron respectivamente colesterol y presión arterial elevados “alguna vez”. CONCLUSIÓN: El ámbito universitario es un espacio ideal para el abordaje de actividades de promoción y prevención de estos FR.
Estudio de los pacientes con elevación de enzima Creatinfosfokinasa en dos hospitales de tercer nivel de la ciudad de córdoba
Authors: Saad Emanuel José , Rodríguez Ruiz Andrés , Douthat y Barrionuevo Augusto , Milanesio Martín , Flores Balverdi Janet , Riscanevo Nadia Claudine , Peñaranda Gabriela Estefanía , Novatti Elisa Beatriz , Saurit Verónica , Alvarez Ana Cecilia , Baenas Diego Federico
Published: December 2022

Introducción: Se denomina hiperCKemia a la elevación de niveles de creatinfosfoquinasa (CK) mayor a 1,5 veces el límite superior(CK>285 U/L), siendo producida por múltiples causas, que varían según las poblaciones de estudio. El objetivo principal del estudio fue conocer la frecuencia de hiperCKemia en dos hospitales de la Ciudad de Córdoba y sus principales causas.

Metodología: Estudio analítico retrospectivo en dos hospitales de la ciudad de Córdoba en Argentina, donde se identificaron todos los pacientes mayores de 18 años que presentaron valores de CK mayores a 285 U/L en al menos 2 oportunidades en un período entre 1 y 4 semanas, entre los años 2015 y 2017.

Resultados: Se identificaron 254 pacientes con hiperCKemia, la mayoría eran de sexo masculino (n=181, 71.3%) y su mediana de edad fue 65 años (rango intercuartil 25-75%=50-73 años). Las principales causas de hiperCKemia fueron la miopatía isquémica en 99 (39%) pacientes y las miopatías inducidas por drogas en 45 (17.7%), siendo las estatinas las drogas más frecuentemente involucradas en 31 casos. En sólo el 3.1% de los casos no se arribó al diagnóstico final. Las hiperCKemias inducidas por drogas al compararse con las otras causas, se presentaron más frecuentemente en pacientes con antecedente de enfermedad renal crónica (9/45[20%] vs 18/209[8.6%], p=0.025) y en no tabaquistas(41/45[91.1%] vs 157/209[75.1%], p=0.019) .

Conclusión: Se observaron 254 casos de hiperCKemia, siendo sus principales causas de origen isquémico y secundario a consumo de fármacos, especialmente por estatinas.
vigencia de la hipótesis en la era de las ómicas
Authors: Quintar Amado Alfredo
Published: December 2022

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The Transformation of Russia’s Role in the Global Financial Architecture in the Context of Geopolitical Challenges
Authors:   Financial University under the Government of the Russian Federation, Moscow 125167, Russian Federation, Navoy Anton V.
Published: December 2022

The article focuses on the evolution of the global financial architecture in the context of geopolitical challenges. It introduces the conceptual apparatus of the global financial architecture (GFA) in conjunction with the structure of the global financial system. It then substantiates the thesis of GFA structure transformation towards establishing a parallel control circuit — informal institutions (forums) acting in close coordination with international financial institutions with broad international legal competence and implementing “soft” regulation of GFA on the basis of international standards and codes. The position of the Russian Federation in GFA is identified, and a conclusion about Russia’s secondary position in MFA institutions is made. The direction of transformations of Russia’s role in GFA are outlined: coordination of activities with other large developing economies; proactive position in the discussion of codes and standards, renewal of discussion on the formation of an international payment system independent of the reserve currency issuers.
From the History of the Spread of Islam in the Territory of East Africa
Authors: Madloume Reham
Published: December 2022

The article examines the role played by Arab traders in the spread of Islam on the east coast of Africa in the 19th century. The impact of Arab culture on the modern life of the people of East African States is also being considered. The history of the spread of Islam is more than a thousand years old; in this work, special attention is paid to the study of the period of the Muscat rule of Zanzibar, the influence of the Arabs also on the economic, social, political, cultural (linguistic) spheres of the local population (African tribes). It also examines the impact of Arab culture on the modern life of the population of East African states. The relevance of the topic is based on the fact that at the moment there are about two billion Muslims, which makes the youngest of the world’s religions the second largest adherents, after Christianity; the origins of the spread of Islam are still of interest to scholars of the Arab world, as well as researchers of the world community. This explains the range of sources and literature chosen by the author – the works of Arab, English-speaking and Russian scientists.
The African Policy of Emmanuel Macron
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Filippov Vasily
Published: December 2022

The subject of consideration is the African policy of France during the presidency of Emmanuel Macron (2017-2022). The proclaimed slogans, the official rhetoric of the tenth president of the Fifth Republic, the political practices of the Elysee Palace during this period are reviewed in the context of the geopolitical changes taking place in West Africa. The purpose of the study is to find out the factors that in one way or another have influenced the African policy of Paris in recent years, to determine the obvious motives and latent aspirations of French diplomacy on the African continent. The article deals with very recent events that took place in Tropical Africa, and are therefore relatively little studied both in Russian African studies and in French political science and anthropology. The author comes to the conclusion that the Fifth Republic is rapidly losing its economic, political and military-strategic positions in African countries, which were quite recently a zone of its undeniable influence. He connects this process with the emergence here of new actors in international relations, which allowed Africans to diversify their foreign economic and political orientations.
Promising Areas of Cooperation on Digital Security and Media Policy Between Russia and Africa
Authors: Ulanova Natalia
Published: December 2022

From the perspective of current political and military confrontation, many world nations are challenged to balance independence and development. It is the digital and informational defense that has raised a special attention when the world market of IT-technologies has been controlled by several big monopolies. Because different countries have faced similar problems in the sphere of digital state policy, the fresh opportunity has emerged for international cooperation that has not yet been critically assessed. Revaluating aspects of informational war in the social domain, the article places a special emphasis on education, public opinion manipulations and youth struggle. These interconnections are urgent for the Russian Federation, as they are for those African nations that have an ever-growing youth burden and national systems of education under constant attempts of reconstruction. Although the development of digital technologies is claimed to be a priority in the development of all spheres of public life in African countries, the current situation in the digital technology market is actually turning into a new kind of dependence. In the field of socio-political destabilization, this can be clearly seen while analyzing the role of social media in organizing socio-political protests in different countries of Africa, when young people become the main object of manipulation in the information space. The growth in the percentage of young people among the population exacerbates many unresolved issues of national educational systems. A decade ago the digitalization of education seemed to be a new hope for Africa. However, in practice, the success of some subsidized digital projects has shown that digitalization cannot replace development of integral education systems and exposes new challenges – access of new technologies for different levels of population, children’s Internet addiction and cyberbullying, the loss of cultural identity because of necessity to follow the requirements of sponsors. Summarizing these problems in different countries of the continent, the article highlights directions of possible cooperation that could contribute to the formation of a sustainable system of informational security including ensuring hardware and software independence, digitalization of public administration, development of alternative digital tools for social interaction, development and support of a digital educational platforms, support for an independent cultural and religious policy, online security for children and teenagers.
Islamism in the Foreign Discourse of the 21st Century
Authors:   Institute for African Studies RAS, Khayrullin Timur
Published: December 2022

The article presents the results of a historiographical review of foreign scientific literature on the nature of Islamism in the 21st century. An important role in the foreign discourse of the 21st century was played by the study of the radical component in Islamism, which has various modifications and shades. In addition to studying radicalism and studying the issue of the social base of Islamism, special attention is paid to its political features and definition. The events of the Arab Spring led to speculation about another «decline of Islamism». According to foreign scholars, Islamism failed to achieve the main goal of building an Islamic state in the shortest possible time and underwent revision, resulting in more liberal post–Islamist ideas. There is an attempt to systematize the accumulated knowledge about Islamist ideology.