bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Unmasking the Blurred Lines Regulating the Foreign Intelligence and Domestic Surveillance Activities of the United States
Authors: Mullendore Kristine B.
Published: July 2017

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EP2 receptor plays pivotal roles in generating mechanical hyperalgesia after lengthening contractions
Authors: Ota H. , Katanosaka K. , Murase S. , Furuyashiki T. , Narumiya S. , Mizumura K.
Published: July 2017

We previously demonstrated that nerve growth factor (NGF) and glial cell line‐derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) were upregulated after lengthening contractions (LC) in exercised muscle through B2 bradykinin receptor activation and cyclooxygenase (COX)‐2 upregulation, respectively, and that these trophic factors sensitized nociceptors resulting in mechanical hyperalgesia (delayed‐onset muscle soreness, DOMS). Here, we examined the prostaglandin receptor subtype involved in DOMS. The mechanical withdrawal threshold of the exercised muscle was measured before and after LC in rats administered prostaglandin E2 receptor (EP) antagonists before LC, or in wild‐type (WT), EP2 knockout (EP2−/−), and IP knockout (IP−/−) mice. The change in expression of NGF, GDNF, or COX‐2 mRNA was examined using real‐time RT‐PCR in the muscle in EP2−/− and WT mice. None of the antagonists to EP1, EP3, and EP4 receptors (ONO‐8713, ONO‐AE5‐599, and ONO‐AE3‐208, respectively) induced a significant difference in DOMS compared with controls in rats. WT and IP−/− mice developed mechanical hyperalgesia after LC, but EP2−/− mice did not. Upregulation of NGF, GDNF, and COX‐2 mRNA was observed after LC in WT mice but not in EP2−/− mice. Injecting an EP2 agonist (ONO‐AE1‐259‐01) into the mouse muscle increased expression of COX‐2 mRNA. These results suggest that EP2 contributes to generating mechanical hyperalgesia through positive feedback upregulation of COX‐2 expression in muscle after LC.
The effect of a two‐year school‐based daily physical activity intervention on a clustered CVD risk factor score—The Sogndal school‐intervention study
Authors: Resaland G. K. , Aadland E. , Nilsen A. K. O. , Bartholomew J. B. , Andersen L. B. , Anderssen S. A.
Published: July 2017

To evaluate changes in clustered cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors in 9‐year‐old children following a 2‐year school‐based physical activity intervention. In total, 259 children (age 9.3 ± 0.3 years) were invited, of whom 256 participated. The intervention group (63 boys, 62 girls) carried out 60‐minute teacher‐controlled daily physical activity over two school years. The control group (62 boys, 69 girls) had the curriculum‐defined amount of physical education (45 minutes twice each week). Of these, 67% (171 total, 91 intervention) successfully completed both baseline and post‐intervention of six CVD risk factors: systolic blood pressure (SBP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol‐to‐high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio (TC:HDL ratio), waist circumference (WC), the homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA), and peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak). All variables were standardized by sex prior to constructing a cluster score (sum of z scores for all variables). The effect of the intervention on the cluster score was analyzed using linear multiple regression. The cluster score improved after the intervention (ES = .29). Furthermore, the analyses showed significant effects in favor of the intervention group for systolic blood pressure (ES = .35), total cholesterol‐to‐HDL‐c ratio (ES = .23), triglyceride (ES = .40), and VO2peak (ES = .57). A teacher‐led school‐based physical activity intervention that is sufficiently long and includes a substantial amount of daily physical activity can beneficially modify children's clustered CVD risk profile.
Dengue virus infections among blood donors in Guangxi of China, 2013–2014
Authors: Gao Z. , Zhang Y. , Yang Y. , Xu M. , Liao P. , He W. , Xu J. , Liu Y. , He M.
Published: July 2017

Background

An unexpected, large dengue outbreak, spreading to 20 cities of Guangdong province, occurred in July 2014. Considering the overwhelming influence of this seasonal epidemic, whether this dengue virus outbreak has an significant impact on the blood donors of the ajacent areas in Guangdong requires at least a preliminary investigation. Liuzhou City of Guangxi was chosen as a good representative of the neighbouring geographical location of the dengue virus (DENV) outbreak areas in this research. We therefore investigated qualified blood donations during potential dengue epidemic seasons and thus provided critical information for public health and donation policy making.

Method

A total of 1685 donations from 2013 to 2014 were collected at the Guangxi blood centre. Anti‐DENV testing was performed using enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Dengue IgG indirect ELISA and Dengue IgM capture ELISA were used to detect anti‐DENV IgM and IgG. Repeat‐reactive samples with ELISA test and 1685 donations with 421 pools were screened for dengue RNA by reverse transcription real‐time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‐qPCR) using an in‐house assay.

Results

There was a total of 13 seropositive donors, including 6 IgM seropositive and 7 IgG seropositive. The total seropositive rate was 0·78%, with IgM 0·36% and IgG 0·42%. Seropositive donors were identified mostly between April and November, with a peak in November. .All samples in reactive pools and individual seropositive samples were negative in the follow‐up RT‐PCR test.

Conclusion

Our results suggested that the Guangdong dengue outbreak had limited impact on blood safety in surrounding areas under our current testing system.
Assessment of computed tomography derived cricoid cartilage and tracheal dimensions to evaluate degree of cricoid narrowing in brachycephalic dogs
Authors: Rutherford Lynda , Beever Lee , Bruce Mieghan , ter Haar Gert
Published: July 2017

The aims of this observational, analytical, retrospective study were to (i) obtain computed tomographic (CT) cricoid dimensions (height, width, and transverse‐sectional area), (ii) compare the cricoid dimensions between brachycephalic and mesaticephalic breeds, and (iii) compare cricoid cartilage dimensions between dogs without and affected with brachycephalic airway syndrome. The study is important to help to further evaluate and understand the anatomical components of brachycephalic airway syndrome. Measurements were performed in 147 brachycephalic and 59 mesaticephalic dogs. The cricoid cartilage was found to be significantly more oval in Pugs and French Bulldogs compared to mesaticephalic breeds. The cricoid cartilage transverse‐sectional area was smallest for the Pug and, after adjusting for weight, significantly smaller for Pugs (P < 0.001), Boston Terriers (P = 0.001), and French Bulldogs (P < 0.001) compared to Jack Russell Terriers. The tracheal transverse‐sectional area at C4 of English Bulldogs was significantly smaller than for Jack Russell Terriers (P = 0.005) and Labradors (P < 0.001). The cricoid cartilage transverse‐sectional area:weight ratio was significantly lower in brachycephalic breeds compared to mesaticephalic breeds (P < 0.001). The cricoid cartilage:trachea at C4 transverse‐sectional area for brachycephalic dogs was significantly larger than for mesaticephalic dogs (<0.001), demonstrating that the trachea was the narrowest part of the airway. No significant differences were found for cricoid dimensions between dogs affected with and without brachycephalic airway syndrome. However, large individual variation was found among the brachycephalic breeds and further studies investigating the relationship between cricoid cartilage size, laryngeal collapse, concurrent tracheal hypoplasia, and/or severity of brachycephalic airway syndrome are warranted.
Comparison of design features and mechanical properties of commercially available Veress needles
Authors: Schramel Johannes P. , Kindslehner Angelika , Bockstahler Barbara A. , Dupré Gilles P.
Published: July 2017

Objective

To compare design features and mechanical properties of 13 commercially available Veress needles (VN).

Study design

In vitro biomechanical study.

Sample population

Veress needles from 9 manufacturers (6 reusable, 6 disposable, and 1 with a reusable stylet combined with a disposable cannula) were included in the study.

Methods

Veress needles are designed with a spring‐loaded stylet to protect the tip of the cannula following insertion into the abdomen. Stylet forces were measured with a scale in a test jig by moving the stylet in 0.5 mm steps into the hollow cannula. Forces and spring rates were derived from force‐displacement plots. Mass, mechanical dimensions, and the bevel angle and geometry were assessed. Differences between VN models were analyzed with a univariate analysis of variance. Results are reported as mean ± SD or median (range).

Results

Physical and mechanical parameters differed between models. The exposed stylet length was 3.5 mm (2‐7). Three bevel geometries (bias, lancet type, and back‐cut) with angles between 20° and 40° were identified. Reusable VN weigh more (24.9 ± 2.2 g) than disposable designs (6.0 ± 2.3 g). The mean values for the spring rate and the residual stylet force were 0.23 ± 0.08 Nmm−1 and 0.94 ± 0.28 N, respectively. The mean force required to move the stylet to the cannula tip was 1.81 ± 0.29 N and 2.77 ± 0.54 N to move to the proximal end of the bevel.

Conclusion

Commercially available VN use diverse bevel geometries and have different mechanical characteristics. Studies investigating laparoscopic entry complications should explicitly report the type of VN model used.
Estimation of greenhouse gas emissions from municipal wastewater treatment systems in India
Authors: Singh Vipin , Phuleria Harish C. , Chandel Munish K.
Published: July 2017

Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions generated from municipal wastewater treatment plants in India is estimated in this study. The emissions from the wastewater treatment process as well as from the electricity used during the treatment process are estimated by using the methodology of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. The present treatment plants of capacity 15 997 million litres per day (MLD) contributes towards GHG emissions of 7.3 Mt of CO2‐eq/year. The future GHG emissions would depend upon the treatment technology used for treating 34 109 MLD of untreated wastewater. The highest GHG emissions would occur if all new wastewater treatment plants are based on upflow anaerobic sludge blanket technology, 19.66 Mt CO2‐eq/year and lowest if sequential batch reactor technology is adopted, 2.93 MtCO2‐eq/year.
EPA + DHA supplementation reduces PMN activation in microenvironment of chronic venous leg ulcers: A randomized, double‐blind, controlled study
Authors: McDaniel Jodi C. , Szalacha Laura , Sales Michelle , Roy Sashwati , Chafee Scott , Parinandi Narasimham
Published: July 2017

Sustained high levels of activated polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) and PMN‐derived proteases in the microenvironment of chronic venous leg ulcers (CVLUs) are linked to chronic inflammation and delayed healing. Uncontrolled PMN activity eventually destroys newly developed tissue and degrades critical growth factors. The bioactive components of fish oil (n‐3 eicosapentaenoic acid [EPA] and docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]) have strong inflammation‐resolving actions and have been shown to assuage PMN activity, but have not been tested in CVLU patients. This randomized controlled study compared the effectiveness of oral EPA + DHA therapy to a placebo for reducing PMN activation in CVLU microenvironments. At Days 0, 28, and 56, markers of PMNs (CD15) and activated PMNs (CD66b), and levels of PMN‐derived proteases human neutrophil elastase and matrix metalloproteinase‐8 were measured in CVLU fluid from patients receiving standard compression therapy and (1) EPA + DHA therapy (n = 16) or (2) placebo (n = 19). By Day 56, the EPA + DHA Group had a significantly lower percentage of CD66b+ cells in CVLU fluid compared to Day 0 (p = 0.02) and to Day 28 (p = 0.05). Importantly, there were downward trends in levels of both matrix metalloproteinase‐8 and human neutrophil elastase over time in the EPA + DHA Group, which also demonstrated greater reductions in wound area by Day 28 (57% reduction) and Day 56 (76% reduction) than the Control Group (35% and 59%, respectively). Moreover, reductions in wound area had significant negative relationships with CD15+ cells in wound fluid at Days 28 (p = 0.008) and 56 (p < 0.001), and CD66b+ cells at Days 28 (p = 0.04) and 56 (p = 0.009). The collective findings provide supplemental evidence that high levels of activated PMNs in CVLU microenvironments inhibit healing, and suggest that EPA + DHA oral therapy may modulate PMN activity and facilitate healing of CVLUs when added to standard care regimens.
No Sting Barrier Film to Protect Skin in Adult Patients: Findings From a Scoping Review With Implications for Evidence‐Based Practice
Authors: Micheli Chiara , Palese Alvisa , Canzan Federica , Ambrosi Elisa
Published: July 2017

Background

In the industrialized world, approximately 1–1.5% of the population has received treatments for skin lesions. In the 1990s, a polymeric barrier film called the No Sting Barrier Film (NSBF) was developed as an alternative to petrolatum‐based ointments and zinc oxide formulas. To date, few studies have explored the effectiveness of NSBF in protecting skin integrity.

Aims

To map the methods, fields and outcomes used to produce evidence on NSBF effectiveness.

Methods

A scoping review was performed in 2015. A search strategy for identifying relevant studies was designed and performed. Systematic reviews, meta‐analyses, randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, and comparative studies for all types of interventions were included; research conducted in any clinical context was eligible for inclusion. Studies were selected by two reviewers; data extraction and analysis also was performed by two reviewers and disagreements were discussed.

Results

Six studies were included. NSBF's potential as a skin protector was investigated with respect to (a) chronic wounds (pressure ulcers or vascular leg ulcers); (b) urinary or fecal incontinence; and (c) post‐mastectomy irradiation. The principal clinical outcomes investigated were, respectively: (a) wound healing, wound exudates and erythema control; (b) incidence of incontinence‐associated dermatitis and skin reactions; and (c) intensity of pruritus and skin reactions. Pain and comfort were measured in all clinical applications. The main process outcomes investigated were: (a) ease of application, (b) application and removal time, and (c) costs. Zinc oxide and petroleum formulations were the most common comparison interventions in research on chronic ulcers and incontinence; sorbolene cream and topical corticosteroids were the most frequent comparisons in the context of post‐mastectomy irradiation.

Linking Evidence to Action

NBSF may be used for peri‐wound skin protection in patients with chronic wounds, with urinary or fecal incontinence and for women undergoing post‐mastectomy irradiation. However, more robust experimental studies are needed in all clinical fields where NBSF is applied.
EFFECT OF LAYERING PATTERN ON MECHANICAL AND WATER ABSORPTION PROPERTIES OF GLASS/FLAX REINFORCED EPOXY
Authors: Mat Jusoh Muhamad Shahirul , Mohd Yahya Mohd Yazid , Mustafa Zaleha , Ahmad Hariz Ahmad Israr
Published: July 2017

In this present study, a new hybrid composite with epoxy as a resin and hybrid reinforcing glass and flax are used Â as layered mat. The composites were prepared via vacuum infusion process (VIP) comprising glass and flax fibres with the weight fraction of 57 % and 43 %, respectively. All the laminates were prepared with a total of seven plies, by varying the position of the glass and flax. The effect of stacking sequence of the laminates on the mechanical and physical was characterized by tensile, flexural and water absorption tests. The results indicated that the flexural strength and modulus were significantly dependent on the hybrid configuration in comparison to their tensile properties.Â  The interplay hybrid laminates with sandwich-like sequence exhibited 10.5 % and 5.5 % higher of flexural strength and modulus, respectively as compared with intercalation. Physical property was observed based on water immersion for 14 days at different elevated temperatures of 40 Â°C and 80 Â°C. Result indicated that sandwich-like is better than intercalation sequences for water resistance at both elevated temperatures with the percentage of water intrusion about 4.4 % and 6.35 % at 40 Â°C and 80 Â°C, respectively.Â  Conversely, specimens withÂ  intercalation sequence exhibited 5.1 % and 7.0 % of water intrusion at 40 Â°C and 80 Â°C, respectively.
Realization of a Small Residential Building with Zero CO2 Emissions Due to Energy Use in Crete, Greece
Authors: Vourdoubas John
Published: July 2017

European buildings account for large amounts of energy consumption and CO2 emissions and current EU policies target in decreasing their energy consumption and subsequent CO2 emissions. Realization of a small, grid-connected, residential building with zero CO2 emissions due to energy use in Crete, Greece shows that this can be easily achieved. Required heat and electricity in the building were generated with the use of locally available renewable energies including solar energy and solid biomass. Annual energy consumption and on-site energy generation were balanced over a year as well as the annual electricity exchange between the building and the grid. Technologies used for heat and power generation included solar-thermal, solar-PV and solid-biomass burning which are reliable, mature and cost-effective. Annual energy consumption in the 65 m2 building was 180 KWh/m2 and its annual CO2 emissions were 84.67 kgCO2/m2. The total capital cost of the required renewable energy systems was estimated at approximately 10.77% of its total construction cost, and the required capital investments in renewable energy systems, in order to achieve the goal of a residential building with zero CO2 emissions due to energy use, were 1.65 € per kgCO2, saved annually. The results of this study prove that the creation of zero CO2 emissions buildings is technically feasible, economically attractive and environmentally friendly. Therefore they could be used to create future policies promoting the creation of this type of building additionally to the existing policies promoting near-zero energy buildings.
Local cohomology of Du Bois singularities and applications to families
Authors: Ma Linquan , Schwede Karl , Shimomoto Kazuma
Published: July 2017

In this paper we study the local cohomology modules of Du Bois singularities. Let $(R,\mathfrak{m})$ be a local ring; we prove that if $R_{\text{red}}$ is Du Bois, then $H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i}(R)\rightarrow H_{\mathfrak{m}}^{i}(R_{\text{red}})$ is surjective for every $i$. We find many applications of this result. For example, we answer a question of Kovács and Schwede [Inversion of adjunction for rational and Du Bois pairs, Algebra Number Theory 10 (2016), 969–1000; MR 3531359] on the Cohen–Macaulay property of Du Bois singularities. We obtain results on the injectivity of $\operatorname{Ext}$ that provide substantial partial answers to questions in Eisenbud et al. [Cohomology on toric varieties and local cohomology with monomial supports, J. Symbolic Comput. 29 (2000), 583–600] in characteristic $0$. These results can also be viewed as generalizations of the Kodaira vanishing theorem for Cohen–Macaulay Du Bois varieties. We prove results on the set-theoretic Cohen–Macaulayness of the defining ideal of Du Bois singularities, which are characteristic-$0$ analogs and generalizations of results of Singh–Walther and answer some of their questions in Singh and Walther [On the arithmetic rank of certain Segre products, in Commutative algebra and algebraic geometry, Contemporary Mathematics, vol. 390 (American Mathematical Society, Providence, RI, 2005), 147–155]. We extend results on the relation between Koszul cohomology and local cohomology for $F$-injective and Du Bois singularities first shown in Hochster and Roberts [The purity of the Frobenius and local cohomology, Adv. Math. 21 (1976), 117–172; MR 0417172 (54 #5230)]. We also prove that singularities of dense $F$-injective type deform.
Équivalence motivique des groupes algébriques semisimples
Authors: De Clercq Charles
Published: July 2017

We prove that the standard motives of a semisimple algebraic group$G$with coefficients in a field of order$p$are determined by the upper motives of the group $G$. As a consequence of this result, we obtain a partial version of the motivic rigidity conjecture of special linear groups. The result is then used to construct the higher indexes which characterize the motivic equivalence of semisimple algebraic groups. The criteria of motivic equivalence derived from the expressions of these indexes produce a dictionary between motives, algebraic structures and the birational geometry of twisted flag varieties. This correspondence is then described for special linear groups and orthogonal groups (the criteria associated with other groups being obtained in De Clercq and Garibaldi [Tits$p$-indexes of semisimple algebraic groups, J. Lond. Math. Soc. (2)95(2017) 567–585]). The proofs rely on the Levi-type motivic decompositions of isotropic twisted flag varieties due to Chernousov, Gille and Merkurjev, and on the notion of pondered field extensions.
Rearing‐environment‐dependent hippocampal local field potential differences in wild‐type and inositol trisphosphate receptor type 2 knockout mice
Authors: Tanaka Mika , Wang Xiaowen , Mikoshiba Katsuhiko , Hirase Hajime , Shinohara Yoshiaki
Published: July 2017

Key points

Mice reared in an enriched environment are demonstrated to have larger hippocampal gamma oscillations than those reared in isolation, thereby confirming previous observations in rats.

To test whether astrocytic Ca2+ surges are involved in this experience‐dependent LFP pattern modulation, we used inositol trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP3R2)‐knockout (KO) mice, in which IP3/Ca2+ signalling in astrocytes is largely diminished.

We found that this experience‐dependent gamma power alteration persists in the KO mice.

Interestingly, hippocampal ripple events, the synchronized events critical for memory consolidation, are reduced in magnitude and frequency by both isolated rearing and IP3R2 deficiency.

Rearing in an enriched environment (ENR) is known to enhance cognitive and memory abilities in rodents, whereas social isolation (ISO) induces depression‐like behaviour. The hippocampus has been documented to undergo morphological and functional changes depending on these rearing environments. For example, rearing condition during juvenility alters CA1 stratum radiatum gamma oscillation power in rats. In the present study, hippocampal CA1 local field potentials (LFP) were recorded from bilateral CA1 in urethane‐anaesthetized mice that were reared in either an ENR or ISO condition. Similar to previous findings in rats, gamma oscillation power during theta states was higher in the ENR group. Ripple events that occur during non‐theta periods in the CA1 stratum pyramidale also had longer intervals in ISO mice. Because astrocytic Ca2+ elevations play a key role in synaptic plasticity, we next tested whether these changes in LFP are also expressed in inositol trisphosphate receptor type 2 (IP3R2)‐knockout (KO) mice, in which astrocytic Ca2+ elevations are largely diminished. We found that the gamma power was also higher in IP3R2‐KO‐ENR mice compared to IP3R2‐KO‐ISO mice, suggesting that the rearing‐environment‐dependent gamma power alteration does not necessarily require the astrocytic IP3/Ca2+ pathway. By contrast, ripple events showed genotype‐dependent changes, as well as rearing condition‐dependent changes: ISO housing and IP3R2 deficiency both lead to longer inter‐ripple intervals. Moreover, we found that ripple magnitude in the right CA1 tended to be smaller in IP3R2‐KO. Because IP3R2‐KO mice have been reported to have depression phenotypes, our results suggest that ripple events and the mood of animals may be broadly correlated.
Quantitative identification of dialect-specific articulatory settings
Authors: Wieling Martijn , Tiede Mark
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this study was to quantitatively contrast the articulatory settings of two Dutch dialects. Tongue movement data during speech were collected on site at two high schools (34 speakers) in the Netherlands using a portable electromagnetic articulography device. Comparing the tongue positions during pauses in speech between the two groups revealed a clear difference in the articulatory settings, with significantly more frontal tongue positions for the speakers from Ubbergen in the Southeast of the Netherlands compared to those from Ter Apel in the North of the Netherlands. These results provide quantitative evidence for differences in articulatory settings at the dialect level.
Analyzing dialect variation in historical speech corpora
Authors: Renwick Margaret E. L. , Olsen Rachel M.
Published: July 2017

The Linguistic Atlas of the Gulf States is an extensive audio corpus of sociolinguistic interviews with 1121 speakers from eight southeastern U.S. states. Complete interviews have never been fully transcribed, leaving a wealth of phonetic information unexplored. This paper details methods for large-scale acoustic analysis of this historical speech corpus, providing a fuller picture of Southern speech than offered by previous impressionistic analyses. Interviews from 10 speakers (∼36 h) in southeast Georgia were transcribed and analyzed for dialectal features associated with the Southern Vowel Shift and African American Vowel Shift, also considering the effects of age, gender, and race. Multiple tokens of common words were annotated (N = 6085), and formant values of their stressed vowels were extracted. The effects of shifting on relative vowel placement were evaluated via Pillai scores, and vowel dynamics were estimated via functional data analysis and modeled with linear mixed-effects regression. Results indicate that European American speakers show features of the Southern Vowel Shift, though certain speakers shift in more ways than others, and African American speakers' productions are consistent with the African American Vowel Shift. Wide variation is apparent, even within this small geographic region, contributing evidence of the complexity of Southern speech.
Fronting of Southern British English high-back vowels in articulation and acoustics
Authors: Strycharczuk Patrycja , Scobbie James M.
Published: July 2017

The fronting of the two high-back vowels /uː/ and /ʊ/ in Southern British English is very well documented, but mainly in the acoustic domain. This paper presents articulatory (ultrasound) data, comparing the relative tongue position of these vowels in fronting and non-fronting consonantal contexts, i.e., preceding a coronal consonant (food, foot) and preceding a coda /l/ (fool, full). Particular attention is paid to the comparison between articulatory results and corresponding acoustic measurements of F2 in both vowels. Results show that the average differences between food and foot and their dynamic profiles are similar in articulation and acoustics. In /uːl/ sequences (fool), tongue position is more advanced than could be inferred from its low F2. In addition, even though the tongue position in fool and full is clearly distinct, there is no comparable corresponding difference in F2. This suggests that the common articulatory metaphor that characterises F2 increase as fronting must be used cautiously. In the case of English high-back vowel fronting, special attention must be paid to the flanking consonants when estimating vowel distances. This paper also provides specific recommendations for recording and analysing ultrasound data in research on vowel variation and change.
A Gutzwiller trace formula for large hermitian matrices
Authors: Bolte Jens , Egger Sebastian , Keppeler Stefan
Published: July 2017

We develop a semiclassical approximation for the dynamics of quantum systems in finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces whose classical counterparts are defined on a toroidal phase space. In contrast to previous models of quantum maps, the time evolution is in continuous time and, hence, is generated by a Schrödinger equation. In the framework of Weyl quantization, we construct discrete, semiclassical Fourier integral operators approximating the unitary time evolution and use these to prove a Gutzwiller trace formula. We briefly discuss a semiclassical quantization condition for eigenvalues as well as some simple examples.
Phenomenological implications of two simple modifications to Tri-Bimaximal mixing
Authors: Channey Kanwaljeet S. , Kumar Sanjeev
Published: July 2017

We study the phenomenological implications of breaking the Tri-Bimaximal (TBM) mixing in such a way that either first or second column of TBM mixing matrix remains invariant. We present two such textures and confront them with the experimental data. We give the predictions of these textures for atmospheric mixing angle [Formula: see text] and Dirac-type CP violating phase [Formula: see text] that will be measured in the future experiments.
Backreaction effects on nonequilibrium spectral function
Authors: Mendizabal Sebastián , Rojas Juan Cristobal
Published: July 2017

We show how to compute the spectral function for a scalar theory in two different scenarios: one which disregards backreaction, i.e. the response of the environment to the external particle, and the other one where backreaction is considered. The calculation was performed using the Kadanoff–Baym equation through the Keldysh formalism. When backreaction is neglected, the spectral function is equal to the equilibrium one, which can be represented as a Breit–Wigner distribution. When backreaction is introduced we observed a damping in the spectral function of the thermal bath. Such behavior modifies the damping rate for particles created within the bath.
Induction of the Lorentz-violating effective actions in quantum electrodynamics
Authors: Anacleto M. A. , Brito F. A. , Holanda O. , Passos E.
Published: July 2017

We introduce a Lorentz-symmetry violating extended quantum electrodynamics (QED) which preserves gauge symmetry. The extended fermionic sector can radiatively induce an extended effective action which simultaneously displays the same electromagnetic terms present in the Carroll–Field–Jackiw, Myers–Pospelov and Aether actions.
Gravitational baryogenesis in running vacuum models
Authors: Oikonomou V. K. , Pan Supriya , Nunes Rafael C.
Published: July 2017

We study the gravitational baryogenesis mechanism for generating baryon asymmetry in the context of running vacuum models. Regardless of whether these models can produce a viable cosmological evolution, we demonstrate that they produce a nonzero baryon-to-entropy ratio even if the universe is filled with conformal matter. This is a sound difference between the running vacuum gravitational baryogenesis and the Einstein–Hilbert one, since in the latter case, the predicted baryon-to-entropy ratio is zero. We consider two well known and most used running vacuum models and show that the resulting baryon-to-entropy ratio is compatible with the observational data. Moreover, we also show that the mechanism of gravitational baryogenesis may constrain the running vacuum models.
First-principles investigation of MoS2 monolayer adsorbed on SiO2 (0001) Surface
Authors: Su Xiangying , Cui Hongling , Ju Weiwei , Yong Yongliang , Li Xiaohong
Published: July 2017

In this paper, the geometric and electronic structure of MoS2 monolayer (ML) adsorbed on SiO2 (0001) surface were studied by using density functional theory calculations. The calculated interfacial binding energy shows that the MoS2/SiO2 hybrid system is stable. MoS2 ML is bound to the SiO2 surface with a big interlayer spacing and no covalent bonds form at the interface. The study of the density of states and the charge transfer indicates that the interaction between MoS2 ML and the SiO2 substrate is very weak. As a result, the electronic properties of MoS2 ML are almost not affected by the SiO2 substrate. This work will be beneficial to the design of MoS2 ML-based devices where a substrate is needed.
Design of Low Power VLSI Circuits Using Two Phase Adiabatic Dynamic Logic (2PADL)
Authors: Sasipriya P. , Bhaaskaran V. S. Kanchana
Published: July 2017

This paper presents the quasi-adiabatic logic for low power powered by two phase sinusoidal clock signal. The proposed logic called two phase adiabatic dynamic logic (2PADL) realizes the advantages of energy efficiency through the use of gate overdrive and reduced switching power. It has a single rail output and the proposed logic does not require the complementary input signals for any of its variables. The 2PADL logic is operated by two complementary clock signals acting as power supply. The validation of the proposed logic is carried out through practical circuits such as (i) sequential circuits using energy recovery technique suitable for memory circuits, (ii) an adiabatic carry look ahead adder (CLA) designed using 2PADL to study the speed performance and to prove its energy efficiency across a range of frequencies and (iii) a multiplier circuit using 2PADL compared against CMOS counterpart. The CLA adder is also implemented using the other static adiabatic logics, namely, quasi static energy recovery logic (QSERL), clocked CMOS adiabatic logic (CCAL) and conventional static CMOS logic to compare against 2PADL and validate its power advantages. The performance of the CCAL logic is tested for higher frequencies by implementing the widely presented CLA circuit. The result proves that the design is energy efficient and operates up to the frequency of 600 MHz. The simulation was carried out using industry standard Cadence® Virtuoso tool using 180[Formula: see text]nm technology library files.
The Synthesis and Mechanism of (001)-Orientated Hematite Nano Rings: A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Investigation
Authors: Liu Xiaonan , He Gang , Li Jinshan , Yin Guangfu
Published: July 2017

In this study, we synthesized Hematite nano rings using hydrothermal treatment. The experimental results demonstrated that the (001)-orientated Hematite nano rings were produced in all of the obtained products. To determine the formation mechanism of the (001) orientation, the lowest three index crystal faces of Hematite, Hematite (001), Hematite (101), and Hematite (104), were investigated with the Cambridge Sequential Total Energy Package (CASTEP) within the Materials Studio software environment (MS5.5) using the density functional theory (DFT). Our theoretical results showed that Hematite (001), the Hematite crystal with the lowest surface energy, had the greatest Hematite nano ring growth. In addition, we present the growth process of the Hematite nano rings based on our experimental and theoretical results.
Innovation through Large-Scale Integration of Legacy Records
Authors: Heitman Carrie , Martin Worthy , Plog Stephen
Published: July 2017

Using the Chaco Research Archive (CRA) as a case study, in this article, we discuss the spectrum of intellectual decisions: conceptualization, design, and development, required to make legacy records (accumulated over many years through numerous archaeological expeditions) publicly accessible. Intellectual and operational choices permeated the design and implementation of the digital architecture to provide internet access to the vast information structures inherent in legacy records for the cultural heritage of Chaco Canyon, New Mexico. We explore how an expansive but focused repository can enable opportunities for research and foster communities of co-creation. We also use the CRA as a case study to outline some of the pitfalls of conventional academic metrics for scholarly impact and provide some alternative means to assess the value of digital heritage resources.
A Truthful Mechanism for the Generalized Assignment Problem
Authors: Fadaei Salman , Bichler Martin
Published: July 2017

We propose a truthful-in-expectation, (1-1/
e
)-approximation mechanism for a strategic variant of the generalized assignment problem (GAP). In GAP, a set of items has to be optimally assigned to a set of bins without exceeding the capacity of any singular bin. In the strategic variant of the problem we study, values for assigning items to bins are the private information of bidders and the mechanism should provide bidders with incentives to truthfully report their values. The approximation ratio of the mechanism is a significant improvement over the approximation ratio of the existing truthful mechanism for GAP.

The proposed mechanism comprises a novel convex optimization program as the allocation rule as well as an appropriate payment rule. To implement the convex program in polynomial time, we propose a fractional local search algorithm which approximates the optimal solution within an arbitrarily small error leading to an approximately truthful-in-expectation mechanism. The proposed algorithm improves upon the existing optimization algorithms for GAP in terms of simplicity and runtime while the approximation ratio closely matches the best approximation ratio known for GAP when all inputs are publicly known.
In Search of Lost Small Peptides
Authors: Plaza Serge , Menschaert Gerben , Payre François
Published: July 2017

A large body of evidence indicates that genome annotation pipelines have biased our view of coding sequences because they generally undersample small proteins and peptides. The recent development of genome-wide translation profiling reveals the prevalence of small/short open reading frames (smORFs or sORFs), which are scattered over all classes of transcripts, including both mRNAs and presumptive long noncoding RNAs. Proteomic approaches further confirm an unexpected variety of smORF-encoded peptides (SEPs), representing an overlooked reservoir of bioactive molecules. Indeed, functional studies in a broad range of species from yeast to humans demonstrate that SEPs can harbor key activities for the control of development, differentiation, and physiology. Here we summarize recent advances in the discovery and functional characterization of smORF/SEPs and discuss why these small players can no longer be ignored with regard to genome function.
An International Framework of Children's Rights
Authors: Gran Brian K.
Published: July 2017

It is widely perceived that the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child and the UN Committee established to monitor the Convention's national implementations are key parts of globally supported norms and processes. The Committee has established procedures that national governments are expected to follow as they enforce the Convention. Rather than accept this vision prima facie, this review critically asks whether the world society surrounding children's rights is organized to ensure that these rights are limited in scope and effectiveness.
Giant Viruses of Amoebae: A Journey Through Innovative Research and Paradigm Changes
Authors: Colson Philippe , La Scola Bernard , Raoult Didier
Published: July 2017

Giant viruses of amoebae were discovered serendipitously in 2003; they are visible via optical microscopy, making them bona fide microbes. Their lifestyle, structure, and genomes break the mold of classical viruses. Giant viruses of amoebae are complex microorganisms. Their genomes harbor between 444 and 2,544 genes, including many that are unique to viruses, and encode translation components; their virions contain >100 proteins as well as mRNAs. Mimiviruses have a specific mobilome, including virophages, provirophages, and transpovirons, and can resist virophages through a system known as MIMIVIRE (mimivirus virophage resistance element). Giant viruses of amoebae bring upheaval to the definition of viruses and tend to separate the current virosphere into two categories: very simple viruses and viruses with complexity similar to that of other microbes. This new paradigm is propitious for enhanced detection and characterization of giant viruses of amoebae, and a particular focus on their role in humans is warranted.
Hybrids of Iron-Filled Multiwall Carbon Nanotubes and Anticancer Agents as Potential Magnetic Drug Delivery Systems: In Vitro Studies against Human Melanoma, Colon Carcinoma, and Colon Adenocarcinoma
Authors: Boncel Sławomir , Pluta Anna , Skonieczna Magdalena , Gondela Andrzej , Maciejewska Barbara , Herman Artur P. , Jędrysiak Rafał G. , Budniok Sebastian , Komędera Kamila , Błachowski Artur , Walczak Krzysztof Z.
Published: July 2017

Cell type, morphology, and functioning are key variables in the construction of efficient “drug-vehicle” hybrids in magnetic drug delivery. Iron-encapsulated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Fe@MWCNTs) appear as promising candidates for theranostics due to in situ chemical catalytic vapor deposition (c-CVD) synthesis, straightforward organic functionalization, and nanoneedle (1D) behavior. Here, model hybrids were synthesized by exploring C-sp2 chemistry ((1+2)-cycloaddition of nitrenes and amidation) of the outer MWCNT walls combined with anticancer agents, that is, 5-fluorouracil (5FU), purpurin (Purp), and 1,8-naphthalimide DNA intercalators (NIDIs), via linkers. Analyses of the Fe@MWCNT vehicles by SEM, TEM, and Raman spectroscopy revealed their morphology while Mössbauer spectroscopy confirmed the presence of encapsulated ferromagnetic iron-based nanodomains. Cytotoxicity of the hybrids was studied using a 24 h MTS assay combined with the apoptosis and life cycle assays against human melanoma (Me45), colon carcinoma (HCT116+), and colon adenocarcinoma (Caco-2). The cells had different sensitivity to the vehicles themselves as well as to the hybrids. MWCNT-based covalent hybrids of 5FU and Purp emerged as the most promising systems against Me45 and HCT116+ cell lines with the highest in vitro cytotoxicity and proapoptotic activity. Furthermore, nanotubes bearing 4-nitro- and 4-(N-morpholinyl)-1,8-naphthalimide DNA intercalators appear as a promising candidate for the treatment of Caco-2.
Probing for Sparse and Fast Variable Selection with Model-Based Boosting
Authors: Thomas Janek , Hepp Tobias , Mayr Andreas , Bischl Bernd
Published: July 2017

We present a new variable selection method based on model-based gradient boosting and randomly permuted variables. Model-based boosting is a tool to fit a statistical model while performing variable selection at the same time. A drawback of the fitting lies in the need of multiple model fits on slightly altered data (e.g., cross-validation or bootstrap) to find the optimal number of boosting iterations and prevent overfitting. In our proposed approach, we augment the data set with randomly permuted versions of the true variables, so-called shadow variables, and stop the stepwise fitting as soon as such a variable would be added to the model. This allows variable selection in a single fit of the model without requiring further parameter tuning. We show that our probing approach can compete with state-of-the-art selection methods like stability selection in a high-dimensional classification benchmark and apply it on three gene expression data sets.
Synchronous Upper Squamous and Lower Adenocarcinoma of the Oesophagus: A Rarely Reported Case Treated with Palliative Chemotherapy and Stenting
Authors: Hardy Niall , Kelly Justin , Conneely John , Kelleher Barry
Published: July 2017

Oesophageal cancer is divided into two main subtypes, squamous and adenocarcinoma. It is the eighth most common cancer in the world with squamous more common in the developing world and adenocarcinoma most prevalent in the developed world. Incidences of concomitant squamous carcinoma with adenocarcinoma are exceedingly rare with only a few documented occurrences in the form of case reports existing. Here we report a case of synchronous squamous and adenocarcinoma of the oesophagus occurring in an 81-year-old lady with dysphagia, weight loss, and no identifiable risk factors.
In Vitro Dissolution Profile of Dapagliflozin: Development, Method Validation, and Analysis of Commercial Tablets
Authors: de Meira Rafaela Zielinski Cavalheiro , Maciel Aline Biggi , Murakami Fabio Seigi , de Oliveira Paulo Renato , Bernardi Larissa Sakis
Published: July 2017

Dapagliflozin was the first of its class (inhibitors of sodium-glucose cotransporter) to be approved in Europe, USA, and Brazil. As the drug was recently approved, there is the need for research on analytical methods, including dissolution studies for the quality evaluation and assurance of tablets. The dissolution methodology was developed with apparatus II (paddle) in 900 mL of medium (simulated gastric fluid, pH 1.2), temperature set at 37±0.5°C, and stirring speed of 50 rpm. For the quantification, a spectrophotometric (λ=224 nm) method was developed and validated. In validation studies, the method proved to be specific and linear in the range from 0.5 to 15 μg·mL−1 (r2=0.998). The precision showed results with RSD values lower than 2%. The recovery of 80.72, 98.47, and 119.41% proved the accuracy of the method. Through a systematic approach by applying Factorial 23, the robustness of the method was confirmed (p>0.05). The studies of commercial tablets containing 5 or 10 mg demonstrated that they could be considered similar through f1, f2, and dissolution efficiency analyses. Also, the developed method can be used for the quality evaluation of dapagliflozin tablets and can be considered as a scientific basis for future official pharmacopoeial methods.
The Coupled Orbit-Attitude Dynamics and Control of Electric Sail in Displaced Solar Orbits
Authors: Huo Mingying , Liao He , Liu Yanfang , Qi Naiming
Published: July 2017

Displaced solar orbits for spacecraft propelled by electric sails are investigated. Since the propulsive thrust is induced by the sail attitude, the orbital and attitude dynamics of electric-sail-based spacecraft are coupled and required to be investigated together. However, the coupled dynamics and control of electric sails have not been discussed in most published literatures. In this paper, the equilibrium point of the coupled dynamical system in displaced orbit is obtained, and its stability is analyzed through a linearization. The results of stability analysis show that only some of the orbits are marginally stable. For unstable displaced orbits, linear quadratic regulator is employed to control the coupled attitude-orbit system. Numerical simulations show that the proposed strategy can control the coupled system and a small torque can stabilize both the attitude and orbit. In order to generate the control force and torque, the voltage distribution problem is studied in an optimal framework. The numerical results show that the control force and torque of electric sail can be realized by adjusting the voltage distribution of charged tethers.