bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Application of Orem’s theory on wounds: an integrative review
Authors: Melo Larissa Houly de Almeida , Bernardo Thaís Honório Lins , Macedo Jane Keyla Souza dos Santos , Francisco Leilane Camila Ferreira de Lima , Barros Alice Correia
Published: June 2020

Objective: To characterize the scientific production on the application of Orem’s self-care theory in the scope of wounds. Method: Integrative literature review with the available articles that highlight the theme. The following informational resources were used: VHL, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane, PubMed and SciELO. The following descriptors were listed: Self Care, Nursing Theory, Wound and Ulcer, in their English and Portuguese versions. The final sample consisted of 10 publications. Data were collected using a validated tool. Evaluation and data synthesis were produced through description and simple statistical evaluations. Results: The analyzed researches were developed in four countries; English language was predominant; publications began in 2004. The theory was applied in nursing care systematization, as a teaching strategy for self-care and as a theoretical framework. The articles linked the theory to diabetic foot, venous ulcer, leg/lower limb ulcers (no specification of type), burns and pressure injury. Conclusion: Orem’s theory was applied to a variety of individuals and contexts, its applicability within the scope of wounds is something concrete, regardless of the type of injury.
Socio-demographic and intestinal elimination profile in women treated at a health service
Authors: Jaques Rhaylla Maria Pio Leal , Costa Elaine Carininy Lopes da , Assis Gisela Maria de , Oliveira Aline Costa de , Benício laudia Daniella Avelino Vasconcelos , Bezerra Sandra Marina Gonçalves
Published: June 2020

Objective: To investigate the profile of intestinal eliminations in women. Method: Cross-sectional study conducted with 41 women seen at a women’s health center in the state of Piauí in Brazil. For data collection, a form was used containing the sociodemographic data and questionnaires that assessed the data on the intestinal elimination pattern with questions based on the Rome IV criteria and the Bristol scale. Results: Of the 41 participants, 56.1% reported consuming one to two servings of fruits or vegetables per day and 51.2% consumed more than two liters of water per day. Regarding the patterns of intestinal elimination, 39% had feces in the Bristol 3 category. As for the Rome IV criteria, 21 (51.2%) women were considered constipated and the frequency of evacuation was statistically significant with the presence of constipation. Conclusion: There was a significant number of women with constipation. There was a need to develop actions that help to cope with the problem and improve the quality of life of this population.
Perfil sociodemográfico e de eliminações intestinais em mulheres atendidas em um serviço de saúde
Authors: Jaques Rhaylla Maria Pio Leal , Costa Elaine Carininy Lopes da , Assis Gisela Maria de , Oliveira Aline Costa de , Benício laudia Daniella Avelino Vasconcelos , Bezerra Sandra Marina Gonçalves
Published: June 2020

Objetivo: Investigar o perfil de eliminações intestinais em mulheres. Método: Estudo transversal, realizado com 41 mulheres atendidas em um centro de saúde da mulher no estado do Piauí no Brasil. Para coleta de dados foi utilizado um formulário contendo os dados sociodemográficos e questionários que avaliaram os dados do padrão de eliminação intestinal com perguntas fundamentadas nos critérios de Roma IV e escala de Bristol. Resultados: Das 41 participantes, 56,1% relataram consumir de uma a duas porções de frutas ou verduras por dia e 51,2% consumiam mais de dois litros de água por dia. Com relação aos padrões de eliminação intestinal, 39% apresentavam fezes na categoria Bristol 3. Quanto aos critérios de Roma IV, 21 (51,2%) mulheres foram consideradas constipadas e a frequência de evacuação teve significância estatística com a presença de constipação. Conclusão: Houve um número expressivo de mulheres com constipação intestinal. Observou-se a necessidade de desenvolver ações que auxiliem no enfrentamento do problema e melhore a qualidade de vida dessa população.
TOLERÂNCIA CRÔNICA DE BETAS (Betta splendens) MACHOS A ÁGUA ACRESCIDAS DE SAL
Authors: Deboleto Sandriele Goes de Campos , Santos Rudã Fernandes Brandão , Souza Rebeca Maria , Honorato Claucia
Published: June 2020

O objetivo deste trabalho foi estimar a tolerância crônica ao cloreto de sódio (NaCl) de machos de betas (Bettas splendens). Os peixes foram submetidos a concentrações de NaCl na água de controle (sem NaCl), 0,5; 1,0; 1,5; 2,0; 2,5; 3,0; 3,5; 4,0; 4,5; 5,0; 5,5; 6,0; 6,5; 7,0; 7,5; 8,0; 8,5; 9,0 e 9,5g de sal comum/L durante 15 dias. Os peixes foram alimentados até a saciedade, duas vezes ao dia, com ração comercial floculada (32%PB). Os dejetos foram sifonados e a água reposta com a mesma salinidade de cada tratamento. Não foi observado mortalidade durante a exposição dos betas machos as salinidade de até 9,5 g/L de NaCl. A transferência dos peixes para água doce após o período de 15 dias a exposição à salinidade foi de 100% até a concentração de 7,5g/L de NaCl nas concentrações acima de 8,0g/L de NaCl houve mortalidade de 33%. Conclui-se que peixes betas machos podem ser submetidos à salinidade de 7,5g/Lde NaCl sem promover danos aos peixes que o levem a óbito.
PROFILE OF ANIMAL PROTEIN CONSUMERS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF FISH CONSUMPTION IN THE SEMIARID REGION OF BRAZIL
Authors: Oliveira Carlos Yure Barbosa de , Silva Allysson Winick da , Olivera Emerson José da Silva , Rocha João Lucas Oliveira , Barbosa Maria Mirele Nogueira , Nunes Larissa Joyce Lopes , Shinozaki-Mendes Renata Akemi
Published: June 2020

The present study characterizes animal protein consumers, with emphasis on fish consumption in the semiarid region of Brazil. No significant differences were observed in our analysis of the frequency of fish consumption as a function of education level (p =0.1362), with a mean consumption across all levels of 4.78±2.05 meals per month and a median of four meals per month. In the analysis of fish consumption as a function of age, gender, education level, income and product preference, in a multiple model, the most influential variable was found to be product preference (P-value = 0.00005, Durbin-Watson = 2.0594), with no statistic difference regards to age, gender, schooling or income (p = 0.6987). In semiarid´s region, there is a predominant preference for bovine, with fish being the third most consumed protein. It is essential to maintain and promote campaigns to encourage fish consumption, as well as to promote public investment in order to reduce production costs and, consequently, ensure that fish is always a readily available option for consumers. These and other actions are necessary in order to prevent the economic factor from becoming the deciding factor for consumption decisions, in the short, medium and long term.
FATORES QUE INFLUENCIAM O CONSUMO DO PESCADO NO SEMIÁRIDO.
Authors: Da Silva Weverson Ailton , Coêlho Aureni Pereira , Magalhães Pedro Henrique Marins , Silva Amanda Lécia De Lima , Moura Cianne Nathálly De Siqueira , Shinozaki-Mendes Renata Akemi
Published: June 2020

O crescente consumo de pescado destacou-se no Brasil e no mundo através das informações relacionadas aos benefícios que fornece à saúde humana. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se avaliar os fatores que influenciam o consumo do pescado no semiárido pernambucano. O trabalho foi realizado no ano de 2016 durante a Feira da Indústria, Comércio e Serviços de Serra Talhada, que atrai pessoas de todo semiárido. Para tanto, foram realizadas 162 entrevistas através de um formulário semiestruturado, abrangendo moradores de 22 cidades da região. Mais da metade afirmaram que sabem avaliar a qualidade do pescado, onde os olhos e odor são os pontos de maior frequência dentro das análises de qualidade. Outro fator relevante é que o consumo está diretamente associado à oferta, havendo preferência por tílápia (Oreochromis niloticus), que é cultivada na região; seguido do Salmão (Salmo salar), consumido em restaurantes japoneses existentes nas cidades do Sertão e do tucunaré (Cichla monoculus), espécie exótica presente nos açudes e barragens do semiárido. Assim, evidencia-se a importância de ações governamentais de incentivo ao comércio para que, consequentemente, haja um aumento do consumo de um maior número de espécies bem com, de maiores quantidades.
LIXIVIAÇÃO DE NUTRIENTES EM SOLO CULTIVADO COM APLICAÇÃO DE EFLUENTE DOMÉSTICO
Authors: Scabora Mioto Liliane , Lourenço de Freitas Paulo Sérgio , Marques Voroniak Juliana , Silva Santos Fernando André , Sossai Souza Ana Claudia
Published: June 2020

A aplicação de efluentes em solos agrícolas é uma alternativa sustentável, que visa o suporte hídrico e nutricional das plantas, como também reduzir os problemas com descarte dos resíduos gerados. Contudo, ainda são escassos estudos sobre as alterações que a aplicação de efluentes pode provocar nos atributos químicos do lixiviado. Diante desta problemática, o presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses de até 600 m3 ha-1 de efluente doméstico em colunas de solo sobre a qualidade da água percolada. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação, em colunas de tubos de PVC preenchidas com cinco camadas de solo Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico. Os tratamentos consistiram de doses crescentes de efluente doméstico, equivalentes a 0, 150, 300, 450 e 600 m3 ha-1, aplicadas uma única vez, superficialmente e sem incorporação. O milho foi semeado nas colunas de solo, 15 dias após a semeadura foi realizada a aplicação do resíduo nas colunas. A coleta do percolado foi realizada ao 15, 30 e 45 dias após a aplicação dos tratamentos. A aplicação de até 600 m3 ha-1 de efluente doméstico no solo avaliado apresentou elevação das concentrações de sódio, potássio e fósforo no percolado. A água percolada apresentou elevados valores de CE, sendo classificada como C3.
LIMNOLOGIA APLICADA A PISCICULTURA PARA PEQUENOS PRODUTORES: UMA INTEGRAÇÃO DE SABERES
Authors: Satiro Thaise Mota , De Jesus Paula Daniella Aparecida
Published: June 2020

Monitorar a água em que os peixes são mantidos é um dos fatores fundamentais para que se tenha bom desempenho e sobrevivência destes. Esta prática evita eutrofização dos corpos d’agua e propicia a preservação do meio ambiente. A piscicultura na região da Zona da Mata Mineira é pouco enfatizada e os produtores carecem de programas de extensão rural. Nesse contexto, objetivou-se capacitar e informar pequenos produtores quanto a importância da qualidade da água na produção de peixes, afim de otimizar a produção e promover o desenvolvimento da atividade na região. Ao longo do trabalho, foram desenvolvidas diversas atividades visando a construção de saberes e troca de experiências por meio de vivências práticas e teóricas. Foi possível com o projeto criar um elo entre produtores e comunidade cientifica, mostrando satisfação dos mesmos com as informações passadas. Ademais, gerou-se ainda, um maior conhecimento técnico entre os produtores principalmente quanto a qualidade da água no cultivo de peixes. Assim, os piscicultores puderam aprender e colocar em prática o conhecimento adquirido aumentando a produção e minimizando os custos.
INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES CORTES NO REBROTE NA CULTURA DA ALFACE (Lactuca sativa L. )
Authors: Huber Ana Cláudia Kalil , Xavier Fernanda
Published: June 2020

O consumo “in natura” de alface se dá na maioria das vezes em forma de saladas preparadas com as folhas, os vegetais possuem a possibilidade de rebrotar após a retirada de sua parte aérea podendo ser total ou parcial. Este trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a frequência de colheita de folhas no crescimento de alface (Lactuca sativa L). O delineamento utilizado foi em blocos inteiramente casualizado em vasos de 900ml composto de 50% terra vegetal® e 50% de casca de arroz carbonizada. Os tratamentos foram T1: sem corte das folhas, T2: corte das folhas a 2cm da base do caule, T3: corte das folhas  a 3cm da base do caule, T4: corte das folhas realizados com tesoura a 4cm da base do caule. O numero de folhas iniciais e finais no tratamento T1 foi de 26 a 71, T2 de 31 a 83, T3 de 28 a 85 e T4 de 28 a 87 folhas. O crescimento semanal de folhas cortadas foi superior no tratamento 4 e o crescimento de folhas inteiras se manteve constante. Para as variáveis matéria verde e seca da parte aérea o T4 foi superior aos demais com 183,15g e 14,68g respetivamente. Conclui-se que os resultados obtidos, nas condições que o estudo foi realizado o tratamento com corte a 4cm da base do caule, foi superior aos demais tratamentos na cultura da alface.
Kualifikasi Guru PAUD terhadap Edukasi Spiritualitas Keagamaan Anak Usia Dini
Authors: Naimah Devi Vionitta , Na’imah Na’imah
Published: June 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan tentang kualifikasi guru PAUD yang propesional serta implementasinya terhadap edukasi spiritualitas keagamaan bagi anak usia dini. Adanya tulisan ini dapat menambah ilmu pengetahuan tentang teori Abdullah Nashih Ulwan dan Ki Hajar Dewantara dalam konsep pendidikan Islam bagi anak usia dini. Adapun Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam kepenulisan adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode penelitian kepustakaan (studi literatur) melalui analisis teori-teori yang ditentukan. Hasil penelitian menjelaskan bahwa adanya tripusat pendidikan yang terdiri dari keluarga, sekolah dan lingkungan sosial merupakan modal utama dalam penanaman edukasi spiritual keagamaan anak usia dini. TK Al-Furqon Rembang menerapkan edukasi ini melalui program parenting islami, pondok Ramadhan, hafalan Al-Qur’an serta santunan anak yatim, kaum duafa, dan panti jompo. Implementasinya melalui metode pembiasaan dan ceramah. Kualifikasi Guru profesional adalah dengan mempunyai sifat tanggung jawab, berpengetahuan luas, jujur, ikhlas, berprilaku baik, dan menjadikan tauladan bagi anak didiknya
The Effect of Home-based Physical Activity on Mood State during the COVID-19 Epidemic: The Mediating Role of Boredom
Authors: yang yufeng , zhang guoli
Published: June 2020

Objective: To analyze the impact of the COVID-19 epidemic on residents, and investigate the relationship between home-based physical activity, boredom and mood state. Method: A sample survey of 501 residents completed the Physical Activity Rating Scale-3, the Multidimensional State Boring Scale and Profile of Mood States. Results: ① In this epidemic, residents showed boredom and mood disturbance. In less severe areas, residents’ negative psychological experiences are more severe than those in more severe areas. ② Home-based physical activity was negatively correlated with boredom and mood disturbance, and boredom is positively correlated with mood disturbance. ③ Boredom mediated the relation between home-based physical activity and mood disturbance. Conclusion: The COVID-19 epidemic has caused residents to experience more boredom and mood disturbance; home physical exercise can not only improve emotional state directly, but also improve emotional state through boredom.
Implementasi Algoritma Fisher Yate Shuffle Pada Game Edukasi Sebagai Media Pembelajaran.
Authors: Fujiati Fujiati , Rahayu Sri Lestari
Published: June 2020

Perkembangan internet dan teknologi sangat dirasakan dampaknya oleh para remaja. Salah satu dampak perkembangan internet dan teknologi informasi adalah munculnya game – game yang disukai oleh para pelajar. Perubahan cara beraktivitas pelajar yang bermain dengan menggunakan Gadget merupakan salah satu penggunaan teknologi yang sedang berkembang. Game edukasi merupakan salah satu media pembelajaran yang mengikuti perkembangan teknologi informasi, media pembelajaran menggunakan game edukasi juga dapat membantu pelajar dalam memahami materi yang diajarkan. Para pelajar bisa bermain sambil belajar mengenai pendidikan karakter yang saat ini sedang digalakan oleh Pemerintah. Pada penelitian ini penulis akan merancang game edukasi dengan menampilkan beberapa pertanyaan – pertanyaan tentang pendidikan karakter, pertanyaan pada game ini akan diacak menggunakan algoritma Fisher Yate Shuffle sehingga pertanyaan yang muncul berbeda dari permainan sebelumnya. Hal tersebut dilakukan agar para pelajar yang memainkan game tersebut tidak dapat menebak soal/ pertanyaan yang akan muncul. Kata Kunci—Algoritma Fisher Yate Shuffle, Game Edukasi, Media Pembelajaran
Pembangunan Aplikasi Arsip Pegawai PT. PLN Persero Wilayah Suluttenggo
Authors: Djamen Arje Cerullo , Pratasik Stralen
Published: June 2020

Dosir adalah kumpulan berkas mengenai data kepegawaian mulai dari pemasukan surat lamaran sampai ditetapkan sebagai pegawai di perusahaan. Sistem pengelolaan arsip dosir pegawai di PT. PLN (Persero) wilayah Suluttenggo saat ini belum terkelola dengan baik. Hal ini dikarenakan belum adanya arsip atau media penyimpanan data sementara untuk menyimpan data tersebut agar tidak hilang atau rusak. Oleh sebab itu dibuat sebuah perangkat lunak yang dapat menyimpan data tersebut yang bisa berfungsi sebagai arsip elektronik. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan extreme programming model. Dalam extreme programming terdiri dari beberapa tahap, seperti tahap perencanaan, desain, pengkodean dan pengujian. Hasil pengimplementasian menggunakan model ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kualitas perangkat lunak dan tanggap terhadap perubahan kebutuhan pengguna.
Role Strain of Women as Nurse Educators
Authors: Acla Jessamine Gail S. , Amparado Mauro Allan Padua
Published: June 2020

Objectives: This qualitative study explored the role strain of women as nurse educators of selected higher education institutions in Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. The findings served as basis for recommendations. Specifically, the study answered the following questions:1.What are the responsibilities of the informants at home, workplace, and civic and religious organizations?2.What are the sources of their role strain in terms of role conflict and role overload?3.What is the impact of the role strain to their family and work?4.How do the informants balance their roles?5.What support system help in addressing the role strain?Methods:This feminist study was conducted in three higher education institutions of Cebu City, Cebu, Philippines. There were five women working as nurse educators and were selected purposively with the following inclusion criteria: currently employed as a nurse educator for five years or more; married; has two to three children and a member of a civic and religious organization. The study employed a one-on-one structured interview.Findings and Conclusion:The informants revealed that their primary responsibility at home is to take care of the needs of their husband and children. At work, they prepare and deliver lectures and examinations to undergraduate students. They also attend seminars, trainings, and bible studies. These responsibilities have caused role strains. They claimed that they lack time and energy to accomplish multiple tasks. The impact of role strain is work-family conflict. The role strain experience can be handled through time management which helps them in balancing all their roles. The family also helps them in addressing role strain that they experience. From the data collected, it revealed that work interfering with family is the role strain of the nurse educators. Therefore, the role strain they experience adversely affected their role as a mother and as a nurse educator.Recommended citation:Acla, J. G. & Amparado, M. A. P. (2010, March). Role Strain of Women as Nurse Educators. 2010 Southwestern University Research Congress, 2(1), 20-21.
Radical News? Immigrants’ Television Use, Acculturation Challenges, and Support for Terrorism
Authors: Schumann Sandy , Osborne Danny , Gill Paul , Fell Benjamin , Hewstone Miles
Published: June 2020

Previous research shows that acculturation challenges predict immigrants’ support for terrorism. Here, we acknowledge the central role of mass media use in the acculturation process. We investigate whether immigrants who infrequently use ethnic and host country media, a possible indicator or driver of marginalisation, report higher sympathy with terrorism than frequent media users. We further examine if those who prefer ethnic over host country media, which might reflect or facilitate disengagement from the host society, support terrorism more strongly. To address these research questions, we conducted secondary analyses of a public opinion poll of Muslim immigrants resident in the United Kingdom (N = 880). Focusing on immigrants’ use of ethnic and host country television channels, latent class analysis identified four groups: Frequent and Infrequent Media Users as well as Ethnic and Host Country Media Users. Overall sympathy with terrorism was low. Contesting our hypothesis, Frequent Media Users supported terrorist action more than Infrequent Media Users. Ethnic Media Users also expressed higher sympathy with terrorism than Host Country Media Users. Findings emphasise the dynamic interplay between media use and acculturation challenges; they further suggest strategies to reduce immigrants’ support for terrorism.
"Extemporaneous preparation of a medicated hand gel"
Authors: Tabaee Damavandi Pardis
Published: June 2020

Research Methods Paper.
SARS-CoV2 envelope protein: non-synonymous mutations and its consequences
Authors: Hassan Sk Sarif , Choudhury Pabitra Pal , Roy Bidyut
Published: June 2020

In the NCBI database, as on June 6, 2020, total number of available complete genome sequences of SARS-CoV2 across the world is 3617. The envelope protein of SARS-CoV2 possesses several non-synonymous mutations over the transmembrane domain and (C)-terminus in 0.414\% of these 3617 genomes. The C-terminus motif DLLV has been changed to DFLV and YLLV in the proteins QJR88103 (Australia: Victoria) and QKI36831 (China: Guangzhou) respectively, which might affect the binding of this motif with the host protein PALS1.
The Media Industry's Structural Transformation in Capitalism and the Role of the State: Media Economics in the Age of Digital Communication
Authors: Knoche Manfred
Published: June 2020

This paper discusses how the capitalist media industry has been structurally transformed in the age of digital communications. It takes an approach that is grounded in the Marxian critique of the political economy of the media. It draws a distinction between media capital, media-oriented capital, media infrastructure capital and media-external capital as the forms of capital in the media industry. The arti- cle identifies four capital strategies that media capital tends to use in order to try to maximise profits: a) The substitution of “old” by “new” media technology, b) the introduction of new transmission chan- nels for “old” media products, c) the definition of new property rights for media sectors and networks, d) the reduction of production and transaction costs. The drive to profit maximization is at the heart of the capitalist media industrys structural transformation. This work also discusses the tendency to the universalization of the media system in the digital age and the economic contradictions arising from it.
Analisis Retorika Tekstual pada Teks Prosedur, Teks Cerpen, dan Teks Lingkungan
Authors: Rahmi Elsya
Published: June 2020

Kata wacana berasal dari kata vacana ‘bacaan’ dalam Bahasa Sanskerta kemudian masuk dalam Bahasa Jawa Kuno dan Bahasa Jawa Baru yaitu wacana atau ‘bicara, kata, ucapan’. Wacana merupakan cabang linguistik yang berada pada posisi paling tinggi. Posisi wacana pada tatanan kebahasaan atau linguistik disebut paling tinggi karena dipelajari setelah mempelajari beberapa cabang linguistik sebelumnya. Salah satu hal yang dikaji dalam wacana Bahasa Indonesia adalah retorika tekstual. Dalam menganalisis suatu teks menggunakan retorika tekstual, terdapat empat prinsip yang harus ditaati di dalamnya, yaitu (i) prinsip prosesibilitas, (ii) prinsip kejelasan, (iii) prinsip ekonomi, dan (iv) prinsip ekspresivitas (Handayani, 2010: 3) Keempat prinsip tersebut perlu dijadikan acuan untuk menulis sebuah wacana. Pembaca akan mudah memahami sebuah wacana yang mengikuti prinsip retorika tekstual tersebut.
Improving the production and evaluation of structural models using a Delphi process
Authors: Crawford Megan M , Bolger Fergus , Wright George , Hamlin Iain , Korb Kevin , Belton Ian , Nyberg Erik , nicholson Ann , riley jeff , Thakur Shreshth , Browne Courtney Taylor , Vasilichi Alexandrina , Sissons Aileen
Published: June 2020

Bayes Nets (BNs) are extremely useful for causal and probabilistic modelling in many real-world applications, often built with information elicited from groups of domain experts. But their potential for reasoning and decision support has been limited by two major factors: the need for significant normative knowledge, and the lack of any validated methods or software supporting collaboration. Consequently, we have developed a web-based structured technique – Bayesian Argumentation via Delphi (BARD) – to enable groups of domain experts to receive minimal normative training and then collaborate effectively to produce high-quality BNs. BARD harnesses multiple perspectives on a problem, while minimising biases manifest in freely interacting groups, via a Delphi process: solutions are first produced individually, then shared, followed by an opportunity for individuals to revise their solutions. To test the hypothesis that BNs improve due to Delphi, we conducted an experiment whereby individuals with a little BN training and practice produced structural models using BARD for two Bayesian reasoning problems. Participants then received 6 other structural models for each problem, rated their quality on a 7-point scale, and revised their own models if they wished. Both top-rated and revised models were on average significantly better quality (scored against a gold-standard) than the initial models, with large and medium effect sizes. We conclude that Delphi – and BARD – improves the quality of BNs produced by groups. Further, although rating cannot create new models, rating seems quicker and easier than revision and yielded significantly better models – so, we suggest efficient BN amalgamation should include both.
The core of determining changes in human life span is to resist fatal diseases
Authors: huang yong ping
Published: June 2020

Abstract: In the global death population, more than 90% of the population died due to illness. In different years, different countries, different incomes, different genders and different age groups, the situation is the same (except very few). Death data show that the life span of the vast majority of human population depends entirely on the ability to resist fatal diseases. In the nearly 300 years since the industrial revolution, the ability to resist deadly diseases has greatly improved, which has brought about a multiple increase in the overall life span of human beings, without exception in all countries of the world. Rapid social development brings medical progress, a large number of drugs against deadly diseases came out continuously, the continuous development of public health and the continuous improvement of population nutrition brought about by economic development... Together, these factors promote human resistance to deadly diseases, and will also promote the next round of life span leap.
Musicians can reliably discriminate between string register locations on the violoncello
Authors: Trevor Caitlyn , Devaney Johanna , Huron David
Published: June 2020

Vocal range location is an important vocal affective signal. Humans use different areas of their vocal range to communicate emotional intensity. Consequently, humans are good at identifying where someone is speaking within their vocal range. Research on music and emotion has demonstrated that musical expressive behaviors often reflect or take inspiration from vocal expressive behaviors. Is it possible for musicians to utilize range-related signals on their instrument similarly to how humans use vocal range-related signals? Might musicians therefore be similarly sensitive to instrumental range location? We present two experiments that investigate musicians’ ability to hear instrumental range location, specifically string register location on the violoncello. Experiment one is a behavioral study that tests whether musicians can reliably distinguish between higher and lower string register locations. In experiment two, we analyze acoustic features that could be impacted by register location. Our results support the conjecture that musicians can reliably discriminate between string register locations, although perhaps only when vibrato is utilized. Our results also suggest that higher string register locations have a darker timbre and possibly a wider and faster vibrato. Further research on whether musicians can effectively imitate vocal range location signals with their instruments is warranted.
Stereotypes about Compassion Across the Political Spectrum
Authors: Scheffer Julian Andrew , Cameron Daryl , McKee Stephanie Elizabeth , Hadjiandreou Eliana , Scherer Aaron M
Published: June 2020

To what extent are ideological differences in compassion real or exaggerated, and who is more likely to engage in stereotyping about such differences? In five studies, including three online studies and two field studies of voters at the Iowa Caucus and U.S. Presidential Election in 2016, we find evidence for political stereotyping about compassion. Although Democratic and Republican participants did not consistently rate themselves as feeling different amounts of compassion on a single-item self-assessment, there was a stereotype that the average Democrat/liberal is more compassionate than the average Republican/conservative. Importantly, this stereotype exaggerated the extent of self-reported differences in compassion across parties in these samples, and Democratic participants engaged in stronger stereotype exaggeration. These results suggest that although there can be ideological variability in compassion, the perceived difference may exaggerate this reality.
Confirmatory Factor Analysis of the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale amongst Indian Adults
Authors: Sharma Manoj Kumar , Hallford David John , Anand Nitin
Published: June 2020

Background: The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS) is a widely used measure of negative emotional states. While the DASS is increasingly used in mental health research in India, to date no study has examined the factor structure among Indian adults. Methods: A large community sample of English-speaking Indian adults completed the DASS 21-item version, and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted. Results: The results indicated a good fit for a three factor (depression, anxiety, and stress) and a one-factor model (general psychological distress). There was no substantial difference between the fit of the models, and the DASS subscales were very strongly correlated with one another (r ≥ .80). Conclusion: The findings from this sample suggest that the DASS-21 items appear to assess general psychological distress, with little evidence that the items assess three distinct subscales.
Structured versus free block play: the impact on arithmetic processing
Authors: Newman Sharlene D. , Loughery Erin , Ecklund Ambur , You Cindy , Soylu Firat
Published: June 2020

There are two forms of block play, structured (copying a block design) and free (building from imagination) block play. It is unclear whether these two forms of block play have similar cognitive benefits. In this study the differential effect of structured and free block play on arithmetic processing was examined. Forty-three children aged 8.3±0.8 years participated in the study (21 in free play and 22 in the structured block play group). Results showed that while both groups showed behavioral improvements, only the structured block play group showed significant improvements in both addition and subtraction performance. Additionally, the structured block play group showed increased activation in several regions linked to memory, motor, and arithmetic calculations after training.
Development of the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) scale for assessing work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers in response to COVID-19
Authors: Chung Seockhoon , Kim Hwa Jung , Ahn Myung Hee , Yeo Sungook , Lee Joohee , Kim Kyumin , Kang Solbi , Suh Sooyeon , Shin Yong Wook
Published: June 2020

Aim: The coronavirus disease 2019, or COVID-19, has had a major psychological impact on healthcare workers. However, very few scales are available to specifically assess work-related stress and anxiety in healthcare workers responding to a viral epidemic. This study developed a new assessment tool, the Stress and Anxiety to Viral Epidemics-9 (SAVE-9) and aimed to validate it among healthcare workers directly affected by COVID-19 in Korea.Methods: A total of 1,019 healthcare workers responded through anonymous questionnaires during April 20–30, 2020. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted to explore the construct validity, and the reliability was assessed using internal consistency measures of Cronbach’s alpha coefficients. Receiver operating characteristic analysis was conducted to define the most appropriate cut-off point of SAVE-9 using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 scale (GAD-7; ≥ 5). Second, Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to establish convergent validity for the SAVE-9 questionnaire with GAD-7 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9.Results: The nine-item scale had satisfactory internal consistency (Cronbach’s α=0.795). It adopted a two-factor structure: (1) anxiety regarding viral epidemics and (2) work-related stress associated with viral epidemics. A cut-off score of 22 for the SAVE-9 ascertained levels of stress and anxiety in response to a viral epidemic in healthcare workers that warranted clinical attention. Correlations between the SAVE-9 and the other scales were statistically significant (p<.05).Conclusion: The results suggest that the SAVE-9 is a useful, reliable, and valid tool to evaluate stress and anxiety responses in healthcare workers during viral epidemics.
Understanding the pathology of psychiatric disorders in refugees
Authors: Bartlett Rachael , Sarnyai Zoltan , Momartin Shakeh , Ooi Lezanne , Schwab Sibylle , Matosin Natalie
Published: June 2020

Displacement of people from their homes, families and countries is a current global crisis, with over 70 million people forcibly on the move. A substantial proportion of these people will end up in regions with a different language and culture, where they are registered as refugees or asylum seekers. Due to the underlying reasons for displacement (including conflicts, persecution or violation of human rights), displaced people are severely stress-exposed, which continues into their post-migration life and increases risk for developing psychiatric disorders such as post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders and mood disorders. While landmark studies have illustrated the increased prevalence of psychopathology in asylum seeker and refugee populations following pre-/post-displacement stress, few studies add to our understanding of the basic biological mechanisms underpinning risk to psychiatric disorders in these populations. Additionally, the mechanisms underlying resilience despite significant adversity remain unclear. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underpinning the development of psychiatric disorders in refugees can propel treatments (both drug and non-drug) that are capable of influencing biology at the molecular level, and the design of interventions. In the following review, we summarise research investigating psychopathology in refugees, and propose new ways to address gaps in knowledge with multidisciplinary research.
Searching through alternating sequences: Working memory and inhibitory tagging mechanisms revealed using the MILO task.
Authors: Thornton Ian Michael , Horowitz Todd Steven
Published: June 2020

We used the Multi-Item Localisation (MILO) task to examine search through two sequences. In sequential blocks of trials, six letters and six digits were touched in order. In mixed blocks, participants alternated between letters and digits. These conditions mimic the A and B variants of the Trail Making Test (TMT). In both block types, targets either vanished or remained visible after being touched. There were two key findings. First, in mixed blocks, reaction times exhibited a saw-tooth pattern, suggesting search for successive pairs of targets. Second, reaction time patterns for vanish and remain conditions were identical in sequential blocks -- indicating that participants could ignore past targets – but diverged in mixed blocks. This suggests a breakdown of inhibitory tagging. Introducing the simple vanish/remain manipulation to the context of TMT could thus provide additional diagnostic power to identify individuals with working memory and inhibitory control deficits.
Preliminary Evidence for Virtue as a Cue to Long-Term Mate Value
Authors: Brown Mitch , Westrich Bina , Bates Francesca , Twibell Alec , McGrath Robert E.
Published: June 2020

Selecting a long-term romantic partner is largely contingent upon identifying behavioral repertoires indicating an ability to foster individual and communal flourishing through benevolence and relational fidelity. Within this suite of socially desirable traits are virtues that could be critical in selecting long-term mates. The current program of research presents two studies investigating the extent people select mates embodying virtue. Study 1 tasked participants with indicating the desirability of prospective mates espousing high and low levels of three forms of virtue outlined through the VIA Classification: caring, self-control, and inquisitiveness. High levels of virtue were especially desirable for long-term mating, with the preference for self-control being largest. Study 2 considered dispositional preferences for long-term mating, as indexed through restricted sociosexuality, with sociosexually restricted individuals reporting aversion to prospective mates exhibiting low self-control. We frame results through an evolutionary context and recommend future research to understand the adaptive function of virtue.
Phospholipase C beta2 (PLCB2) is differentially expressed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of patients with psychotic disorders.
Authors: Mamoor Shahan
Published: June 2020

We mined two microarray datasets (published or public) (1, 2) to identify the most significant changes in gene expression in the brains of patients with psychotic disorders. We found that isoform 2 of phospholipase C beta (PLCB2) was among the genes most differentially expressed in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of patients with schizophrenia and psychotic bipolar disorder (1). In a separate dataset (2), PLCB2 was again among the genes whose expression changed most significantly when comparing parvalbumin-positive layer 3 neurons from the DLPFC between patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder and control subjects. Multiple studies have documented dysregulated PLCB1 expression in the brains of patients with schizophrenia, including in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (3-6). These data suggest that PLCB2 expression may also be perturbed in the brains of patients with psychotic disorders.
Longitudinal evaluation of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis in Spain
Authors: Planchuelo-Gómez Álvaro , Odriozola-González Paula , Irurtia-Muñiz María Jesús , de Luis-García Rodrigo
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to assess the temporal evolution of the psychological impact of the COVID-19 crisis and lockdown from two surveys carried out in Spain with a time difference of about one month. Symptoms of depression, anxiety and stress, and the psychological impact of the situation were longitudinally analyzed using the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and the Impact of Event Scale (IES) respectively. The Brief Resilient Coping Scale (BRCS) and the Mini-Social Phobia Inventory (Mini-SPIN) were also employed to evaluate resilience and social anxiety. There was a total of 4,724 responses from both surveys. Symptomatic scores of anxiety, depression and stress were exhibited by 37.22%, 46.42% and 49.66% of the second survey respondents, showing a significant increase compared to the first survey (32.45%, 44.11% and 37.01%, respectively). There was no significant longitudinal change of the IES scores, with 48.30% of the second survey participants showing moderate to severe impact of the confinement. Low resilience was shown by 40.5% of the respondents, and high social anxiety by 34.8%. Constant news consumption about COVID-19 was found to be positively associated with symptomatic scores in the different scales. On the other hand, daily physical activity was found to be negatively associated with DASS-21 scores. Results indicate that people with social anxiety might be especially vulnerable to the development of other mental disorders after the relaxation of the confinement measures.
Predicting developmental outcomes in middle childhood from early life language and parenting experiences
Authors: von Stumm Sophie , O'Reilly Jelena , d'Apice Katrina
Published: June 2020

Children’s early life experiences of language and parenting are thought to have pervasive, long-term influence on their cognitive and behavioural development. However, studies that collected naturalistic home observations to broadly assessed children’s early life experiences and tested their associations with a range of developmental outcomes in middle childhood are scarce. Here, we used digital audio-recorders to collect 3 full days of naturalistic observations from 107 British families with children (46 boys) aged 2 to 4 years, of whom 89 participated in a follow-up assessment four years later when the children were 5 to 8 years old. We found that children’s early life experiences of language and parenting were not significantly associated with their language ability, academic performance, and behavioural outcomes four years later. We explore differences in methodology, sample characteristics, and the role of developmental periods as possible explanations for the discrepancy in findings between the current and previous studies.
Preparing for a COVID-19 vaccine: Identifying and psychologically profiling those who are vaccine hesitant or resistant in two general population samples
Authors: Murphy Jamie , Vallières Frédérique , Bentall Richard , Shevlin Mark , McBride Orla , Hartman Todd K. , McKay Ryan , Bennett Kate Mary , Mason Liam , Gibson Miller Jilly , Levita Liat , Martinez Anton P , Stocks Thomas Victor Arthur , Karatzias Thanos , Hyland Philip
Published: June 2020

Successful delivery of a COVID-19 vaccine may be undermined if populations are not receptive to inoculation as a primary public health strategy for combatting the virus. We gathered nationally representative data from the general adult populations of Ireland (N=1,041) and the United Kingdom (UK; N=2,025) to determine rates of hesitancy and resistance to a future COVID-19 vaccine and to identify and psychologically profile vaccine hesitant/resistant individuals in a way that might aid future public health messaging. Vaccine hesitancy was evident for 26% and 25% of Irish and UK samples, respectively, while vaccine resistance was evident for 9% and 6%, respectively. Vaccine hesitant/resistant respondents in Ireland and the UK differed in relation to a number of sociodemographic, political, and health-related variables, but were similar across a broad array of psychological constructs. In both populations, those who were resistant to a COVID-19 vaccine were less likely to obtain information about the pandemic from traditional and authoritative sources and had similar levels of mistrust in these sources. The current findings may help public health officials to more effectively target vaccine hesitant and resistant individuals, develop effective communication strategies that take into account their specific psychological dispositions, and leverage dissemination channels that can successfully reach these individuals.
Academic Integrity in Online Testing: A Research Review
Authors: Holden Olivia Leslie , Kuhlmeier Valerie A. , Norris Meghan
Published: June 2020

This paper provides a review of research on online education, with a focus on the methods used to promote academic integrity. Broader issues about how and why academic dishonesty occurs, and the mixed findings in relation to whether or not academic dishonesty may be more or less prevalent in online classes are discussed. Understanding the varied nature of academic dishonesty can improve the implementation of methods used to promote academic integrity, and more importantly, provide students, faculty, and staff with an ethical framework that can extend beyond academia
Individual Differences in Visual Attention: A Short, Reliable, Open Source, and Multilingual Test of Multiple Object Tracking in PsychoPy
Authors: Meyerhoff Hauke S. , Papenmeier Frank
Published: June 2020

Individual differences in attentional abilities provide an interesting approach in studying visual attention as well as the relation of attention to other psychometric measures. However, recent research has demonstrated that many tasks from experimental research are not suitable for individual differences research as they fail to capture these differences reliably. Here, we provide a test for individual differences in visual attention which relies on the multiple object tracking task (MOT). This test captures individual differences reliably in 6-15 minutes. Within the task the participants have to maintain a set of targets (among identical distractors) across an interval of object motion. It captures the efficiency of attentional deployment. Importantly, this test was explicitly designed and tested for reliability under conditions that match those of most laboratory research (restricted sample of students, approximately n = 50). The test is free to use and runs fully under open source software. In order to facilitate the application of the test, we have translated it into 16 common languages (Chinese, Danish, Dutch, English, Finnish, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Norwegian, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish, Swedish, Turkish). The test can be downloaded at https://osf.io/qy6nb/. We hope that this MOT test supports researchers whose field of study requires capturing individual differences in visual attention reliably.
The impact of a mine fire and smoke event on academic outcomes for primary and secondary school students
Authors: Berger Emily , Gao Caroline Xiaolei , Broder Jonathan , Campbell Timothy Colin Heath , Maybery Darryl , Carroll Matthew
Published: June 2020

This study explored how exposure to a mine fire and smoke event influenced students’ academic outcomes. National Assessment Program - Literacy and Numeracy scores for 303 students (aged 7.8-16.2 years) were obtained, along with self-reported event-related distress (Children’s Revised Impact of Events Scale [CRIES-13]). The longitudinal analysis found that adolescent students from more exposed schools, and not younger children, had delayed academic development after the event (14.9 months delay in year 7 (95% CI: 9.4 to 20.5) and 21.5 months in year 9 (95% CI: 13.6 to 29.5). Increased distress (CRIES-13) was not associated with academic delays. Results have implications for understanding the impact of disasters on adolescent school achievement and how educational institutions might respond to reduce this impact.