bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Barriers to using electronic evidence based literature in nursing practice: a systematised review
Authors: Sadoughi Farahnaz , Azadi Tania , Azadi Tannaz
Published: July 2017

Background

Nurses’ use of electronic literature has remained limited.

Objectives

The aim of this study was to identify barriers concerning application of electronic literature on evidence based practice in nursing.

Methods

Six bibliographic databases were searched using the following keywords: challenges, barriers, obstacles, evidence based practice, EBP, information seeking, online databases, electronic literature, bibliographic databases and nurs*. Results were filtered to peer reviewed empirical studies, written in English or Persian and published from 2010 to 2017. Studies were selected based on specified inclusion criteria, and quality of the included studies was assessed. The approved articles (n = 21) were extracted and synthesised.

Discussion

There are different types of barriers in using electronic evidence based literature in nursing demonstrating the issue as a multi‐faceted problem. Not having enough time to conduct a search was the first major barrier noted by almost 81% (n = 17) of the reviewed studies followed by lack of knowledge on searching skills (66%; n = 14) and access requirements (38%; n = 8).

Conclusions

There appears to be an important role for hospital management in providing nurses with enough time and access to online information while at work and also for health care librarians together with nursing leaders in providing the required training on using electronic evidence based literature.
Validity and reliability of the Turkish Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale
Authors: Gökdoğan Feray , Kes Duygu
Published: July 2017

Aims

The aim of the study was to create a Turkish version of the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS‐7) and to examine its validity and reliability.

Methods

The sample of this methodological type study consisted of 100 Turkish patients with chronic disease. In the evaluation of data, the content validity index, Cronbach α, test‐retest, item total score correlation, exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, and adherence statistics were used.

Results

The scale's content validity index was 0.94, its Kendal W goodness‐of‐fit test was 0.188 (P = .246), its Cronbach α coefficient was 0.75, and its item total score correlation was between 0.32 and 0.59 (P < .001). The test‐retest reliability was also satisfactory with interclass correlation coefficients higher than 0.75.

Conclusion

The Turkish version of the ARMS‐7 is a reliable and valid instrument that can be used in the evaluation of attitudes to adherence to medications and refills based on self‐reporting by the chronically ill.
Developing a medical picture book for reducing venipuncture distress in preschool‐aged children
Authors: Tsao Ying , Kuo Hui‐Chen , Lee Hsui‐Chuan , Yiin Shuenn‐Jiun
Published: July 2017

Aim

Distress associated with needle‐related procedures is a major concern in preschool‐aged children nursing. This study developed a medical picture book for supporting preschool‐aged children facing a venipuncture and determined the effectiveness of such a book intervention in decreasing behavioural distress.

Methods

The picture book was designed in 3 stages: developing stories on medical situations, penning the text, and drafting the book. We conducted a quasiexperimental study to examine the effectiveness of the book. The behavioural distress of the control and picture book groups were assessed before, during, and after the intervention by using the Observational Scale of Behavioral Distress‐Revised (OSBD‐R).

Results

We created a 12‐page picture book, Sick Rui‐Rui Bear, in which cartoon characters were depicted undergoing venipunctures, as a guide for vein injection and for facilitating positive venipuncture outcomes in preschool‐aged children. Over time, the OSBD‐R scores of the picture book group were significantly lower than those of the control group (P < .001).

Conclusion

We recommend the picture book be routinely read and used during venipunctures to decrease procedural distress in preschool‐aged children.
Effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose metabolism in cotton leaves at different positions
Authors: Hu W. , Dai Y. , Zhao W. , Meng Y. , Chen B. , Wang Y. , Zhou Z.
Published: July 2017

Global warming could possibly increase the air temperature by 1.8–4.0°C in the coming decade. To forecast the effects of long‐term elevation of air temperature on sucrose synthesis in cotton leaves at different positions, field experiments with the treatments of ambient temperature (control) and elevated temperature (2–3°C) across cotton's boll forming stage were conducted in 2011 and 2012. Results showed that sucrose content in the fourth main‐stem leaves from the terminal (FMLT) during 10–17 days after treatment (DAT) and in the leaves subtending the cotton boll (LSCB) during 17–45 days post‐anthesis (DPA) was lower in the increased temperature treatment than control treatment, but starch content was higher, resulting in higher specific leaf weight (SLW). Lower sucrose content might be attributed to low ribulose‐1,5‐bisphosphate carboxylase‐oxygenase (Rubisco) and cytosolic fructose‐1,6‐bisphosphatase (cy‐FBPase) activities under elevated temperature for all tested leaves. Comparison of different fruiting branch (FB) positions, sucrose transformation rate just decreased in LSCB growing on FB2–3 and FB6–7. Compared with FB10–11, the leaves at FB2–3 and FB6–7 were more sensitive to the increased temperature, showing as that the changing amplitudes of SLW, sucrose content, starch content, initial Rubisco activity and cy‐FBPase activity were greater. Regarding different types of cotton leaves, the effects of elevated temperature on sucrose content, starch content and initial Rubisco activity in FMLT were obvious at the early stage (10–17 DAT), but were not obvious at the late stage. However, the effects were consistent in LSCB from 17 to 45 DPA. In addition, long‐term elevated temperature had smaller impacts on above indices in FMLT than LSCB. Sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) and sucrose synthase (SuSy) activities were decreased by elevated temperature in FMLT at the early stage, but were increased in LSCB, suggesting that SPS and SuSy were the key enzymes between FMLT and LSCB in response to elevated temperature.
The Next Wave of ESG Integration: Lessons from Institutional Investors
Authors: Ailman Chris , Edkins Michelle , Mitchem Kristi , Eliopoulos Ted , Guillot Janine
Published: July 2017

In this panel that also took place at the recent SASB Symposium, senior representatives of four leading institutional investors—BlackRock, Ca lPERS, Ca lSTRS, and Wells Fargo—emphasize the relevance of ESG data for “mainstream” investors and the importance of integrating it with traditional fundamental analysis rather than viewing it as a separate set of reporting responsibilities. Moreover, the logical place for integrating ESG information is in the most forwardlooking section of financial reports, the “Management Discussion and Analysis,” or “MD&A,” which would be strengthened by including more and better information about the companies' ESG risks and initiatives.

Some panelists noted that ESG information is likely to be valued by investors because of its ability to shed light on “idiosyncratic” risks that are not captured by the traditional risk factors that have long dominated asset pricing models. Others described ESG information as helpful in evaluating and comparing the “quality” of management in portfolio companies. But all agreed that efforts like the SASB's to standardize ESG data are essential to successful integration of that data into the decision‐making process of large mainstream investors. And as the panelists also made clear, there is an important generational component to the growing movement to integrate ESG into mainstream investing, with Millenials—and particularly Millenial women—showing especially strong support.
Analysts' Roundtable on Integrating ESG into Investment Decision‐Making
Authors: Hanson Dan , Lyons Tom , Bender Jennifer , Bertocci Bruno , Lamy Bobby
Published: July 2017

In this third of the three discussions that took place at the SASB 2016 Symposium, practitioners of a broad range of investment approaches—active as well as passive in both equities and fixed‐income—explain how and why they use ESG information when evaluating companies and making their investment decisions. There was general agreement that successful ESG investing depends on integrating ESG factors with the methods and data of traditional “fundamental” financial statement analysis. And in support of this claim, a number of the panelists noted that some of the world's best “business value investors,” including Warren Buffett, have long incorporated environmental, social, and governance considerations into their investment decision‐making.

In the analysis of such active fundamental investors, ESG concerns tend to show up as risk factors that can translate into higher costs of capital and lower values. And companies' effectiveness in managing such factors, as ref lected in high ESG scores and rankings, is viewed by many fundamental investors as an indicator of management “quality,” a reliable demonstration of the corporate commitment to investing in the company's future.

Moreover, some fixed‐income investors are equally if not more concerned than equity investors about ESG exposures. ESG factors can have pronounced effects on performance by generating “tail risks” that can materialize in both going‐concern and default scenarios. And the rating agencies have long attempted to reflect some of these risks in their analysis, though with mixed success.

What is relatively new, however, is the frequency with which fixed income investors are engaging companies on ESG topics. And even large institutional investors with heavily indexed portfolios have become more aggressive in engaging their portfolio companies on ESG issues. Although the traditional ESG filters used by such investors were designed mainly just to screen out tobacco, firearms, and other “sin” shares from equity portfolios, investors' interest in “tilting” their portfolios toward positive sustainability factors, in the form of lowcarbon and gender‐balanced ETFs and other kinds of “smart beta” portfolios, has gained considerable momentum.
The Purpose of the Firm, Valuation, and the Management of Intangibles
Authors: Madden Bartley J.
Published: July 2017

This article provides a different way of thinking about, and responding to, four important issues that confront most public companies. First, in articulating the overarching corporate purpose, the author suggests a middle ground between shareholder value maximization and stakeholder theory that aims to achieve the end result of value maximization while taking a “holistic” view that meets most of the demands of stakeholder advocates. As described by the author, there are four critical steps for management and boards in creating such companies: (1) communicating a vision of the company and its purpose to employees as well as investors (and other key outsiders); (2) organizing to survive and prosper through efficiency and innovation; (3) working continuously to develop win‐win relationships with stakeholders and other companies; and (4) taking care of the environment and future generations.

Second, in thinking about the corporate purpose and how to evaluate success in achieving it, managements and boards need a valuation model that provides a clear and insightful connection between long‐term corporate performance and market valuation, and how both might be expected to change as the firm matures. A strong case is presented for the life‐cycle valuation model, widely used by money management organizations, in which a company's projected cash flows reflect an expected “fade” in both economic returns on capital and reinvestment rates. The potential uses of this model are illustrated using lifecycle corporate performance data for 3M during the past 50 years.

Third, in an effort to capture the value of innovation and investment in intangible assets, the author presents an alternative to the accounting approach of capitalizing and amortizing such assets that attempts to capture their expected future benefits by using more favorable forecasts of long‐term fade rates.

Fourth, the author shows how incorporating Life‐cycle Reviews for each of a company's business units as part of its Integrated Reporting could improve management's resource allocation decisions, help build a shareholder base of long‐term investors, and provide management with the support and confidence to resist Wall Street's excessive emphasis on quarterly earnings.
Hospitalized patients’ vs. nurses’ assessments of pain intensity and barriers to pain management
Authors: Dequeker Sara , Van Lancker Aurélie , Van Hecke Ann
Published: July 2017

Aims

The aim of the study was to identify if nurses and patients equally assessed pain intensity and patient‐related barriers to pain management in hospitalized patients.

Background

Several studies reported poor to moderate agreement between patient‐ and nurse‐reported pain assessment. Many of these studies focused on a specific patient group. So far, no study studied the level of agreement in the assessment of patient‐related barriers between patients and nurses.

Design

A cross‐sectional study was performed in two hospitals.

Participants

Inclusion criteria for patients were: (1) being at least 18 years; (2) understanding the Dutch language; and (3) giving informed consent. All nurses responsible for the participating patients and present at the time of the survey were invited to participate.

Methods

Data were collected between October 2012 ‐ April 2013. Patients and nurses completed the Numeric Rating Scale to measure pain intensity. Patient‐related barriers to pain management were measured using the barriers to pain assessment and management scale developed by Elcigil et al. (Journal of Pediatric Hematology Oncology 2011, 33:S33).

Results

A moderate agreement between patients and nurses was found for the assessment of pain intensity. Multiple logistic regressions showed a significant association between pain intensity reported by patients and the under‐, over‐ and adequate estimation of pain by nurses. Nurses significantly underrated the belief patients had about pain management.

Conclusions

Nurses should be educated about these beliefs and should be encouraged to actively explore patient‐related barriers to pain management with their individual patients. Routine pain assessments should also be encouraged and should be explained to patients.
Resilience and the rehabilitation of adult spinal cord injury survivors: A qualitative systematic review
Authors: Kornhaber Rachel , Mclean Loyola , Betihavas Vasiliki , Cleary Michelle
Published: July 2017

Aim

To synthesize the qualitative research evidence that explored how survivors of adult spinal cord injury experience and make sense of resilience.

Background

Spinal cord injury is often a sudden and unexpected life‐changing event requiring complex and long‐term rehabilitation. The development of resilience is essential in determining how spinal cord injury survivors negotiate this injury and rehabilitation.

Design

A qualitative systematic review and thematic synthesis of the research evidence.

Data sources

CINAHL, PubMed, Embase, Scopus and PsycINFO were searched, no restriction dates were used.

Review methods

Methodological quality was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skills Programme checklist. Thematic synthesis focused on how survivors of adult spinal cord injury experience and make sense of resilience.

Results

Six qualitative research articles reported the experiences of 84 spinal cord injury survivors. Themes identified were: uncertainty and regaining independence; prior experiences of resilience; adopting resilient thinking; and strengthening resilience through supports.

Conclusion

Recovery and rehabilitation following spinal cord survivors is influenced by the individual's capacity for resilience. Resilience may be influenced by previous life experiences and enhanced by supportive nursing staff encouraging self‐efficacy. Survivors identified the need for active involvement in decision‐making about their care to enable a sense of regaining control of their lives. This has the potential to have a significant impact on their self‐efficacy and in turn health outcomes.
When and how politicians' disrespect affects voters' trust in the political system: The roles of social judgments and category prototypicality
Authors: Mölders Christina , Van Quaquebeke Niels
Published: July 2017

We propose that one politician's disrespectful behavior can spill over to voters' generalized judgments of politicians and thereby affect trust in the political system. We delineate the spillover effect along the basic dimensions of social judgment, communion, and agency. Moreover, we argue that any spillover effect is contingent on the focal politicians' category prototypicality, that is, their representativeness of politicians as such. Conducting an experiment (N = 392) and a field study (N = 273), we found that politicians' respect only affected trust through generalized communion ratings. This spillover only occurred if the observed politician was perceived as prototypical. Our findings provide new insights on when and how individual politicians may be able to undermine voters' trust in the political system.
Entire papilla preservation technique in the regenerative treatment of deep intrabony defects: 1‐Year results
Authors: Aslan Serhat , Buduneli Nurcan , Cortellini Pierpaolo
Published: July 2017

Aim

This study evaluates the clinical outcomes of a novel tunnel‐like surgical technique in the treatment of isolated deep intrabony defects.

Material and Methods

Twelve patients presenting with at least one isolated deep intrabony defect received regenerative periodontal treatment with “entire papilla preservation (EPP)” technique. Access to the intrabony defect for debridement was provided by a bevelled vertical releasing incision positioned in the buccal gingiva of the neighbouring inter‐dental space. Following the elevation of a buccal flap, an inter‐dental tunnel was prepared undermining the defect‐associated papilla. Granulation tissue was removed, root surfaces were carefully debrided and bone substitutes and enamel matrix derivative were applied. Microsurgical suturing technique was used for optimal wound closure.

Results

Early healing was uneventful in all cases, and 100% wound closure was maintained during the entire healing period. At 1‐year, there was significant attachment gain of 6.83±2.51 mm (p<0.001). The 7±2.8 mm reduction in probing depth was also significant (p<0.001), which was associated with minimal increase in gingival recession (0.16±0.38 mm, p=0.166).

Conclusions

Tunnel‐like “EPP” technique may limit the risk of wound failure particularly in the early healing phase, thereby preventing exposure of regenerative biomaterials, possibly enhancing stabilization of blood clot in deep intrabony defects and leading to optimal clinical outcomes.
The innate host response in caries and periodontitis
Authors: Meyle Joerg , Dommisch Henrik , Groeger Sabine , Giacaman Rodrigo A. , Costalonga Massimo , Herzberg Mark
Published: July 2017

Introduction

Innate immunity rapidly defends the host against infectious insults. These reactions are of limited specificity and exhaust without providing long‐term protection. Functional fluids and effector molecules contribute to the defence against infectious agents, drive the immune response, and direct the cellular players.

Aim

To review the literature and present a summary of current knowledge about the function of tissues, cellular players and soluble mediators of innate immunity relevant to caries and periodontitis.

Methods

Historical and recent literature was critically reviewed based on publications in peer‐reviewed scientific journals.

Results

The innate immune response is vital to resistance against caries and periodontitis and rapidly attempts to protect against infectious agents in the dental hard and soft tissues. Soluble mediators include specialized proteins and lipids. They function to signal to immune and inflammatory cells, provide antimicrobial resistance, and also induce mechanisms for potential repair of damaged tissues.

Conclusions

Far less investigated than adaptive immunity, innate immune responses are an emerging scientific and therapeutic frontier. Soluble mediators of the innate response provide a network of signals to organize the near immediate molecular and cellular response to infection, including direct and immediate antimicrobial activity. Further studies in human disease and animal models are generally needed.
Differential expression of appetite‐regulating genes in avian models of anorexia and obesity
Authors: Yi J. , Yuan J. , Gilbert E. R. , Siegel P. B. , Cline M. A.
Published: July 2017

Chickens from lines that have been selected for low (LWS) or high (HWS) juvenile body weight for more than 57 generations provide a unique model by which to research appetite regulation. The LWS display different severities of anorexia, whereas all HWS become obese. In the present study, we measured mRNA abundance of various factors in appetite‐associated nuclei in the hypothalamus. The lateral hypothalamus (LHA), paraventricular nucleus (PVN), ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), dorsomedial nucleus (DMN) and arcuate nucleus (ARC) were collected from 5 day‐old chicks that were fasted for 180 minutes or provided with continuous access to food. Fasting increased neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 1 (NPYR1) mRNA in the LHA and c‐Fos in the VMH, at the same time as decreasing c‐Fos in the LHA, neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 5 and ghrelin in the PVN, and neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 2 in the ARC. Fasting increased melanocortin receptor subtype 3 (MC3R) expression in the DMN and NPY in the ARC of LWS but not HWS chicks. Expression of NPY was greater in LWS than HWS in the DMN. neuropeptide Y receptor subtype 5 mRNA was greater in LWS than HWS in the LHA, PVN and ARC. Expression of orexin was greater in LWS than HWS in the LHA. There was greater expression of NPYR1, melanocortin receptor subtype 4 and cocaine‐ and amphetamine‐regulated transcript in HWS than LWS and mesotocin in LWS than HWS in the PVN. In the ARC, agouti‐related peptide and MC3R were greater in LWS than HWS and, in the VMH, orexin receptor 2 and leptin receptor were greater in LWS than HWS. Greater mesotocin in the PVN, orexin in the LHA and ORXR2 in the VMH of LWS may contribute to their increased sympathetic tone and anorexic phenotype. The results of the present study also suggest that an increased hypothalamic anorexigenic tone in the LWS over‐rides orexigenic factors such as NPY and AgRP that were more highly expressed in LWS than HWS in several nuclei.
Correction of horizontal neck lines: Our preliminary experience with hyaluronic acid fillers
Authors: Lee Soo‐Keun , Kim Hei Sung
Published: July 2017

Background

There is an increasing trend shifting the esthetic focus downward from the face with a significant number of new treatments aimed at the aging neck. Hyaluronic acid (HA) filler injection is widely performed into the horizontal neck lines in Korea, but there are few reports assessing its effectiveness.

Objective

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of HA filler injection in the treatment of horizontal neck lines.

Patients and Methods

A retrospective chart review was performed on cases of horizontal neck lines treated with HA fillers. A total of 28 neck halves from 14 patients with Fitzpatrick skin types IV‐V were included. All participants underwent a single treatment session with a 0.3 cc insulin syringe (31G×8 mm needle). Wrinkle assessment was conducted at baseline and 2 months after treatment. Two blinded physicians evaluated the improvement using a 5‐point Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS) (5‐very much improved, 4‐much improved, 3‐improved, 2‐no change, 1‐worse) by comparing the pretreatment and post‐treatment photographs. A questionnaire was used to evaluate patient satisfaction and the incidence of adverse reactions.

Results

Among the 28 neck halves, 35.7% were treated with the linear threading technique (LTT) and 64.3% were treated with the vertical technique (VT). The average amount of filler injection per side was 1.01±0.13 cc. The GAIS score of the horizontal neck lines measured at the 2‐month follow‐up after filler injection was 4.04±0.79 (overall); the GAIS score of the horizontal neck lines was 3.60±0.70 with the LTT and 4.27±0.75 with the VT (P=.027). Complications, such as skin irregularity and accentuation of neck lines, were observed, but they were transient.

Conclusion

Our preliminary study results indicate that HA filler injection with a 0.3 cc insulin syringe could be a safe and effective treatment option for horizontal neck lines.
Effects of swallowing and spitting on flavor intensity
Authors: Pizarek Amanda , Vickers Zata
Published: July 2017

Does spitting provide the same flavor experience as swallowing? The objective of this research was to compare swallowing and spitting as procedures for evaluating flavor intensity. Participants evaluated taste or flavor intensity by both swallowing and expectorating water solutions, puddings, and cookies with added tastes and odors; each taste/odor was evaluated at several different concentrations. Flavor intensity was perceived to be more intense for caffeine solutions, ethyl butyrate solutions, and almond extract‐flavored puddings when panelists swallowed than when they expectorated. Such differences were not observed for sucrose solutions, citric acid solutions, and most monosodium glutamate solutions. Swallowing versus expectorating had no effect on the flavor intensity of cookies flavored with orange extract. Our observations that swallowing/expectorating does not impact all attributes equally, suggests that spitting will change both the intensity profiles and the character of a food compared with normally swallowing.

Practical applications

Spitting is a common practice in trained panel evaluations of food, wine judging, and other situations where people wish to minimize the amount of food they ingest. Spitting, however, changes the perceived intensities of some flavors, but not others, thus potentially altering the sensory character of the food.
Insulin regimens for newly diagnosed children with type 1 diabetes mellitus in Australia and New Zealand: A survey of current practice
Authors: Selvakumar Dharrshinee , Al‐Sallami Hesham S , de Bock Martin , Ambler Geoffrey R , Benitez‐Aguirre Paul , Wiltshire Esko , Tham Elaine , Simm Peter , Conwell Louise S , Carter Phillipa J , Albert Benjamin B , Willis Jinny , Wheeler Benjamin J ,   on behalf of the Paediatric Society of New Zealand Diabetes Clinical Network
Published: July 2017

Aim

There is no consensus on the optimal insulin treatment for children newly diagnosed with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). The aims of this study were (i) to describe the insulin regimens used at diagnosis by patient age and geographical region and (ii) to explore differences between and within Australia (AU) and New Zealand (NZ) with regards to other aspects of patient management and education.

Methods

An online survey of medical professionals caring for children with T1DM in AU and NZ was undertaken. Questions included clinic demographics, insulin regimen/dosing choices and patient education.

Results

Of 110 clinicians identified, 100 responded (91%). The majority of those in AU (69%, P < 0.0001) favour multiple daily injections (MDI) for all ages. In NZ, for patients < 10 years old, (twice daily (BD)) BD therapy was favoured (75%, P < 0.0001), with MDI dominant for ages ≥ 10 years (82%, P < 0.0001). Insulin pump therapy was never considered at diagnosis in NZ, but 38% of clinicians in AU considered using pumps at diagnosis in patients <2 years, but rarely in patients aged 2 and over (16%). Differences in clinician choices were also seen in relation to starting insulin dose.

Conclusion

This is the first study to examine current clinical practice with regards to children newly diagnosed with T1DM. Practice varies across Australasia by clinician and region. This lack of consensus is likely driven by ongoing debates in the current paediatric diabetes evidence base as well as by differences in clinician/centre preference, variations in resourcing and their interpretations of the influence of various patient factors.
Naturally occurring circadian rhythm and sleep duration are related to executive functions in early adulthood
Authors: Kuula Liisa , Pesonen Anu‐Katriina , Heinonen Kati , Kajantie Eero , Eriksson Johan Gunnar , Andersson Sture , Lano Aulikki , Lahti Jari , Wolke Dieter , Räikkönen Katri
Published: July 2017

Experimental sleep deprivation studies suggest that insufficient sleep and circadian misalignment associates with poorer executive function. It is not known whether this association translates to naturally occurring sleep patterns. A total of 512 of full‐term‐born members of the Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study [mean age = 25.3, standard deviation (SD) = 0.65] (44.3% men) wore actigraphs to define sleep duration, its irregularity and circadian rhythm (sleep mid‐point) during a 1‐week period (mean 6.9 nights, SD = 1.7). Performance‐based executive function was assessed with the Trail‐Making Test, Conners’ Continuous Performance Test and Stroop. The self‐rated adult version of Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function was used to assess trait‐like executive function. We found that performance‐based and self‐reported trait‐like executive function correlated only modestly (all correlations ≤0.17). Shorter sleep duration associated with more commission errors. Later circadian rhythm associated with poorer trait‐like executive function, as indicated by the Brief Metacognitive Index and the Behavior Regulation Index. Those belonging to the group with the most irregular sleep duration performed slower than others in the Trail‐Making Test Part A. All associations were adjusted for sex, age, socioeconomic status and body mass index. In conclusion, naturally occurring insufficient sleep and later circadian rhythm showed modest associations with poorer executive function. Shorter habitual sleep duration was associated with lower scores of performance‐based tests of executive function, and later circadian rhythm was associated mainly with poorer trait‐like executive function characteristics. Our findings suggest additionally that sleep duration and circadian rhythm associate with different domains of executive function, and there are no additive effects between the two.
(In)Visibility Online: The Benefits of Online Patient Forums for People with a Hidden Illness: The Case of Multiple Chemical Sensitivity (MCS)
Authors: Phillips Tarryn , Rees Tyson
Published: July 2017

Sufferers of medically unexplained conditions that are not observable in the clinic can experience multiple layers of invisibility: a lack of biomedical diagnosis; legal skepticism; political disinterest; and a loss of their prior social identity. For those with environmental sensitivities, this is compounded by literal hiddenness due to often being housebound. Drawing on an online survey of people with multiple chemical sensitivity, this article examines how the everyday experience of invisibility is mitigated by engaging with other patients online. Respondents used online forums to undertake various forms of “visibility work,” including attempts to crystallize their suffering into something recognizable medically, legally, and politically, and to reconstruct an identity considered valid and deserving—although the therapeutic potential of online support was contingent on intra‐group politics. This study demonstrates that online forums allow biomedicine's “invisible others” to struggle for alternative forms of recognition beyond the clinical gaze.
Gene expression stasis and plasticity following migration into a foreign environment
Authors: Lohman Brian K. , Stutz William E. , Bolnick Daniel I.
Published: July 2017

Selection against migrants is key to maintaining genetic differences between populations linked by dispersal. However, migrants may mitigate fitness costs by proactively choosing among available habitats, or by phenotypic plasticity. We previously reported that a reciprocal transplant of lake and stream stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) found little support for divergent selection. Here, we revisit that experiment to test whether phenotypic plasticity in gene expression may have helped migrants adjust to unfamiliar habitats. We measured gene expression profiles in stickleback via TagSeq and tested whether migrants between lake and stream habitats exhibited a plastic response to their new environment that allowed them to converge on the expression profile of adapted natives. We report extensive gene expression differences between genetically divergent lake and stream stickleback, despite gene flow. But for many genes, expression was highly plastic. Fish transplanted into the adjoining habitat partially converged on the expression profile typical of natives from their new habitat. This suggests that expression plasticity may soften the impact of migration. Nonetheless, lake and stream fish differed in survival rates and parasite infection rates in our study, implying that expression plasticity is not fast or extensive enough to fully homogenize fish performance.
MYB30 transcription factor regulates oxidative and heat stress responses through ANNEXIN‐mediated cytosolic calcium signaling in Arabidopsis
Authors: Liao Chancan , Zheng Yuan , Guo Yan
Published: July 2017

Cytosolic calcium signaling is critical for regulating downstream responses in plants encountering unfavorable environmental conditions.

In a genetic screen for Arabidopsis thaliana mutants defective in stress‐induced cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) elevations, we identified the R2R3‐MYB transcription factor MYB30 as a regulator of [Ca2+]cyt in response to H2O2 and heat stresses.

Plants lacking MYB30 protein exhibited greater elevation of [Ca2+]cyt in response to oxidative and heat stimuli. Real‐time reverse transcription−polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) results indicated that the expression of a number of ANNEXIN (ANN) genes, which encode Ca2+‐regulated membrane‐binding proteins modulating cytosolic calcium signatures, were upregulated in myb30 mutants. Further analysis showed that MYB30 bound to the promoters of ANN1 and ANN4 and repressed their expression. myb30 mutants were sensitive to methyl viologen (MV) and heat stresses. The H2O2‐ and heat‐induced abnormal [Ca2+]cyt in myb30 was dependent on the function of ANN proteins. Moreover, the MV and heat sensitivity of myb30 was suppressed in mutants lacking ANN function or by application of LaCl3, a calcium channel blocker.

These results indicate that MYB30 regulates oxidative and heat stress responses through calcium signaling, which is at least partially mediated by ANN1 and ANN4.
Long‐term outcomes of simultaneous heart and kidney transplantation in pediatric recipients
Authors: Weng Patricia L. , Alejos Juan Carlos , Halnon Nancy , Zhang Qiuheng , Reed Elaine F. , Tsai Chambers Eileen
Published: July 2017

Pediatric sHKTx has become an effective therapy for patients with combined cardiac and renal failure. Often, these patients develop human leukocyte antigen antibodies from their previous allografts and are therefore more difficult to re‐transplant. We describe the largest case series of a predominantly sensitized pediatric sHKTx with emphasis on medical management and patient outcomes. Demographics, clinical characteristics, antibody, and biopsy data were retrospectively collected from University of California, Los Angeles database and correlated with short‐ and long‐term patient and allograft outcomes of all sHKTx performed between 2002 and 2015. We identified seven pediatric patients who underwent sHKTx at our center. Mean age at time of sHKTx was 13.7 years and 85.7% were re‐graft patients. 57.1% were sensitized with cPRA >50% and another 57.1% had preformed donor‐specific antibody. Five‐year renal allograft survival and patient survival was 85.7% for both end‐points. The remaining six patients are all alive (mean follow‐up 78.5 months) with good kidney and heart function. sHKTx in a population with increased immunological risk can be associated with good long‐term outcomes and offers potential guidance to the pediatric transplant community where data are limited.
Phylogeny determines flower size‐dependent sex allocation at flowering in a hermaphroditic family
Authors: Teixido A. L. , Guzmán B. , Staggemeier V.G. , Valladares F.
Published: July 2017

In animal‐pollinated hermaphroditic plants, optimal floral allocation determines relative investment into sexes, which is ultimately dependent on flower size. Larger flowers disproportionally increase maleness whereas smaller and less rewarding flowers favour female function. Although floral traits are considered strongly conserved, phylogenetic relationships in the interspecific patterns of resource allocation to floral sex remain overlooked. We investigated these patterns in Cistaceae, a hermaphroditic family.

We reconstructed phylogenetic relationships among Cistaceae species and quantified phylogenetic signal for flower size, dry mass and nutrient allocation to floral structures in 23 Mediterranean species using Blomberg's K‐statistic. Lastly, phylogenetically‐controlled correlational and regression analyses were applied to examine flower size‐based allometry in resource allocation to floral structures.

Sepals received the highest dry mass allocation, followed by petals, whereas sexual structures increased nutrient allocation. Flower size and resource allocation to floral structures, except for carpels, showed a strong phylogenetic signal. Larger‐flowered species allometrically allocated more resources to maleness, by increasing allocation to corollas and stamens.

Our results suggest a major role of phylogeny in determining interspecific changes in flower size and subsequent floral sex allocation. This implies that flower size balances the male–female function over the evolutionary history of Cistaceae. While allometric resource investment in maleness is inherited across species diversification, allocation to the female function seems a labile trait that varies among closely related species that have diversified into different ecological niches.
The sound and the fury: Late positive potential is sensitive to sound affect
Authors: Brown Darin R. , Cavanagh James F.
Published: July 2017

Emotion is an emergent construct of multiple distinct neural processes. EEG is uniquely sensitive to real‐time neural computations, and thus is a promising tool to study the construction of emotion. This series of studies aimed to probe the mechanistic contribution of the late positive potential (LPP) to multimodal emotion perception. Experiment 1 revealed that LPP amplitudes for visual images, sounds, and visual images paired with sounds were larger for negatively rated stimuli than for neutrally rated stimuli. Experiment 2 manipulated this audiovisual enhancement by altering the valence pairings with congruent (e.g., positive audio + positive visual) or conflicting emotional pairs (e.g., positive audio + negative visual). Negative visual stimuli evoked larger early LPP amplitudes than positive visual stimuli, regardless of sound pairing. However, time frequency analyses revealed significant midfrontal theta‐band power differences for conflicting over congruent stimuli pairs, suggesting very early (∼500 ms) realization of thematic fidelity violations. Interestingly, late LPP modulations were reflective of the opposite pattern of congruency, whereby congruent over conflicting pairs had larger LPP amplitudes. Together, these findings suggest that enhanced parietal activity for affective valence is modality independent and sensitive to complex affective processes. Furthermore, these findings suggest that altered neural activities for affective visual stimuli are enhanced by concurrent affective sounds, paving the way toward an understanding of the construction of multimodal affective experience.
Should resistance training be targeted to a specific subgroup of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer? – Reply
Authors: Burtin Chris , Franssen Frits M.E. , Spruit Martijn A.
Published: July 2017

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Should resistance training be targeted to a specific subgroup of patients with non‐small cell lung cancer?
Authors: Cavalheri Vinicius , Galvão Daniel A. , Straker Leon M. , Hill Kylie
Published: July 2017

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Religion, Sexual Orientation, and Suicide Attempts Among a Sample of Suicidal Adolescents
Authors: Shearer Annie , Russon Jody , Herres Joanna , Wong Amanda , Jacobs Carrie , Diamond Gary M. , Diamond Guy S.
Published: July 2017

Despite condemnation of same‐sex attraction by certain religious groups, few studies have explored the relationship between religion, same‐sex attraction, and suicidality. This study examined the moderating effect of same‐sex attraction on the relationship between parent/adolescent religiosity and suicide ideation/attempts in a suicidal adolescent sample (N = 129). Linear and negative binomial regressions tested the effects of a two‐way dichotomous (same‐sex attraction, yes/no) by continuous (religiosity) interaction on ideation and attempts, respectively. The interaction was not significant for ideation. However, high religiosity was associated with more attempts in youth reporting same‐sex attraction but fewer attempts in those reporting opposite‐sex attraction only.
Discovery of a novel HLA‐A*02 variant, HLA‐A*02:684, in a Taiwanese individual
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lin P. Y.
Published: July 2017

One nucleotide replacement at residue 728 of HLA‐A*02:03:01 results in a new allele, HLA‐A*02:684.
HLA‐B*40:01:45, a novel variant of HLA‐B*40:01, discovered in a Taiwanese hematopoitic stem cell donor
Authors: Yang K. L. , Lin P. Y.
Published: July 2017

Two nucleotide replacements within HLA‐B*40:01:01 result in the novel allele, HLA‐B*40:01:45.
Two novel effectors of trafficking and maturation of the yeast plasma membrane H+‐ATPase
Authors: Geva Yosef , Crissman Jonathan , Arakel Eric C. , Gómez‐Navarro Natalia , Chuartzman Silvia G. , Stahmer Kyle R. , Schwappach Blanche , Miller Elizabeth A. , Schuldiner Maya
Published: July 2017

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the entry site of proteins into the endomembrane system. Proteins exit the ER via coat protein II (COPII) vesicles in a selective manner, mediated either by direct interaction with the COPII coat or aided by cargo receptors. Despite the fundamental role of such receptors in protein sorting, only a few have been identified. To further define the machinery that packages secretory cargo and targets proteins from the ER to Golgi membranes, we used multiple systematic approaches, which revealed 2 uncharacterized proteins that mediate the trafficking and maturation of Pma1, the essential yeast plasma membrane proton ATPase. Ydl121c (Exp1) is an ER protein that binds Pma1, is packaged into COPII vesicles, and whose deletion causes ER retention of Pma1. Ykl077w (Psg1) physically interacts with Exp1 and can be found in the Golgi and coat protein I (COPI) vesicles but does not directly bind Pma1. Loss of Psg1 causes enhanced degradation of Pma1 in the vacuole. Our findings suggest that Exp1 is a Pma1 cargo receptor and that Psg1 aids Pma1 maturation in the Golgi or affects its retrieval. More generally our work shows the utility of high content screens in the identification of novel trafficking components.
Computed tomographic morphometry of tympanic bulla shape and position in brachycephalic and mesaticephalic dog breeds
Authors: Mielke Ben , Lam Richard , Ter Haar Gert
Published: July 2017

Anatomic variations in skull morphology have been previously described for brachycephalic dogs; however there is little published information on interbreed variations in tympanic bulla morphology. This retrospective observational study aimed to (1) provide detailed descriptions of the computed tomographic (CT) morphology of tympanic bullae in a sample of dogs representing four brachycephalic breeds (Pugs, French Bulldogs, English Bulldog, and Cavalier King Charles Spaniels) versus two mesaticephalic breeds (Labrador retrievers and Jack Russell Terriers); and (2) test associations between tympanic bulla morphology and presence of middle ear effusion. Archived head CT scans for the above dog breeds were retrieved and a single observer measured tympanic bulla shape (width:height ratio), wall thickness, position relative to the temporomandibular joint, and relative volume (volume:body weight ratio). A total of 127 dogs were sampled. Cavalier King Charles Spaniels had significantly flatter tympanic bullae (greater width:height ratios) versus Pugs, English Bulldogs, Labrador retrievers, and Jack Russell terriers. French Bulldogs and Pugs had significantly more overlap between tympanic bullae and temporomandibular joints versus other breeds. All brachycephalic breeds had significantly lower tympanic bulla volume:weight ratios versus Labrador retrievers. Soft tissue attenuating material (middle ear effusion) was present in the middle ear of 48/100 (48%) of brachycephalic breeds, but no significant association was found between tympanic bulla CT measurements and presence of this material. Findings indicated that there are significant interbreed variations in tympanic bulla morphology, however no significant relationship between tympanic bulla morphology and presence of middle ear effusion could be identified.
Blind localization and segregation of two sources including a binaural head movement model
Authors: Deshpande Nikhil , Braasch Jonas
Published: July 2017

This study investigates how virtual head rotations can improve a binaural model's ability to segregate speech signals. The model takes two mixed speech sources spatialized to unique azimuth positions and localizes them. The model virtually rotates its head to orient itself for the maximum signal-to-noise ratio for extracting the target. An equalization-cancellation approach is used to generate a binary mask for the target based on localization cues. The mask is then overlaid onto the mixed signal's spectrogram to extract the target from the mixture. Improvement in signal-to-noise ratios from head rotation approaches over 30 dB.
Adapted Tango for Adults With Parkinson’s Disease: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Holmes Wendy M. , Hackney Madeleine E.
Published: July 2017

The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the experiences of 16 individuals with Parkinson’s disease (PD) partaking in an adapted tango class and the perceived impact on participation and quality of life (QOL). The Ecology of Human Performance and the International Classification of Function were the theoretical frameworks for the study. Data collection involved focus groups conducted during the intervention and at a follow-up six months later. Data analysis followed inductive thematic analysis techniques. The themes addressed living with PD, the class structure and experiences, the participants’ expectations for the class, and the multiple effects experienced by participants at both time periods. The results suggest that adapted tango, when offered in a structured environment with skilled instruction, may improve skills for participation in daily activities and contribute to increased QOL for persons with PD.