bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Flammability and Soil Burial Performance of Sugar Palm (Arenga pinnata (wurmb) merr) Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Composites
Authors: Jamal Tarique , Salit Mohd Sapuan
Published: October 2023

This study investigates the effects of soil burial and flammability on sugar palm fibre (SPF) (Arenga pinnata (wurmb) merr)-reinforced epoxy composites. In order to determine the flammability and biodegradability properties, experiments are conducted in accordance with ASTM standards. The hand lay-up method was used to fabricate composite samples with two different weight ratios between epoxy and SPF, which were 70:30 and 50:50. Biodegradability and flammability properties were investigated using horizontal burning tests, limiting oxygen index (LOI), cone calorimetry, and soil burial. It was found that the Epoxy/SPF-50 was the composite that exhibited the fastest degradability at 0.81%/week. The result of the horizontal burning test showed that the addition of SPF reduced the burning rate but slightly increased it at 50 wt% because the ratio between epoxy and SPF exceeds the optimum fibre loading. The Epoxy/SPF-50 exhibited a better LOI value at 23.3 than pure epoxy (control), which was 19.8. From the cone calorimetry test, it was observed that the time to ignition (TTI) and total heat release (THR) values were decreased when the amount of SPF increased. Char production increases the flame-retardant protection of SPF-reinforced epoxy composites. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, no published study has been conducted on the flammability and biodegradability characteristics of SPF-reinforced epoxy composites.
Mechanical, Morphological, and Fire Behaviors of Sugar Palm/Glass Fiber Reinforced Epoxy Hybrid Composites
Authors: Siddiqui Vasi Uddin , Salit Mohd Sapuan , Jamal Tarique
Published: October 2023

This research aims to investigate using sugar palm fiber (SPF) and glass fiber (GF) in an epoxy matrix to develop composite materials with improved mechanical, morphological, and flammability properties. The mechanical and flammability properties are examined per ASTM standards, while the morphological study examines the fractured surfaces of the samples. Using the hand lay-up technique, the hybrid composite comprises 15% SPF, 15% GF, and 70% epoxy resin. Three treatments are applied to the SPF: untreated, alkaline treated, and benzoyl chloride treated, which enables research into the effect of fiber treatment on mechanical properties and flammability. The morphological investigation reveals that both treated SPF/GF/EP composites exhibit lower tensile strength than the untreated SPF/GF/EP composite due to inadequate mechanical interlocking at the fiber-matrix interface. However, the alkaline-treated SPF/GF/EP composite demonstrates a 24.8% improvement in flexural strength, a 1.52% increase in impact strength, and a 9.76% enhancement in flammability. Similarly, the benzoyl chloride-treated SPF/GF/EP composite improves flexural strength, impact strength, and flammability by 24.6%, 0.51%, and 5.66%, respectively. These results highlight the potential of fiber treatment to improve composite materials’ mechanical and flammability properties.
Effect of Coconut Fiber Loading on the Morphological, Thermal, and Mechanical Properties of Coconut Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Starch/Beeswax Composites
Authors: Jumaidin Ridhwan , Shafie Syahmah , Ahmad Ilyas Rushdan , Muchlis Muchlis
Published: October 2023

The increasing concern about global warming and the accumulation of non-biodegradable plastic has caused serious environmental issues. Hence, the need to create a more environmentally friendly material such as thermoplastic starch (TPS) has grown. However, the poor properties of TPS, such as high moisture sensitivity and low mechanical properties, have limited the potential application of this biopolymer. This study aims to modify TPS’s thermal and mechanical properties by incorporating coconut fiber. The composites were prepared by incorporating various coconut fiber loading (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 wt.%) into the TPS matrix. The mixture was fabricated using a hot press at 145°C for 1 hour. The sample is then characterized using thermogravimetric analysis and tensile and flexural tests. The results show that the composite with 50 wt.% coconut fiber had higher thermal stability than samples with lower fiber content. A significant increment in tensile strength and modulus of up to 20.7 MPa and 2890 MPa were recorded for samples with 50 wt.% fiber content—the sample with 50 wt.% fiber also demonstrated the highest flexural strength and modulus of up to 30.3 MPa and 3266.3 MPa, respectively. These changes are consistent with the FTIR and SEM findings, which show good compatibility of TPCS and coconut fiber with a homogeneous structure. Overall, coconut fiber shows good potential as reinforcement for biodegradable-based polymer composites.
THE ROLE OF LIVESTOCK MARKETING IN IMPROVING THE LIVELIHOODS OF PASTORALISTS
Authors: Erick Smith
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The pastoralists who are majority of inhabitants of ASALs in Kenya depend mainly on the livestock resource for their livelihoods. This study examined how the livelihoods of pastoralists would change if identified constraints are addressed and if there is effective participation of the relevant stakeholders in marketing of the livestock and livestock products.

Methodology: The paper used a desk study review methodology where relevant empirical

literature was reviewed to identify main themes and to extract knowledge gaps.

Results: The study confirmed that livestock keeping is very important and is the mainstay of 80% of pastoralists who depend on it for productive capital. All aspects of pastoral social and economic life are ordered in relation to livestock and the environment in which they live. There are many challenges ranging from climatic, geo-physical, economic, political and social that impedes effective trade of livestock and livestock products.

Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice: Key stakeholders including the government, political leaders, civil society, and livestock marketing associations amongst others should come up with a way forward to address the constraints preventing the livestock industry to contribute its potential role of poverty alleviation in ASALs. Indeed, an ASAL Marshall Plan is required to transform the area from being a perpetual poverty-stricken area to a prosperous and self-sufficient region.
Mutlu Faniler: Anlatılarda İstemek Kipliği
Authors: SAVAŞ Kudret , BİCAN Emine Nur
Published: October 2023

Hilmi Uçan, edebiyat sahasında başta göstergebilim olmak üzere; edebiyat kuramları, edebiyat eleştirisi, roman ve öykü çözümlemeleri ile ilgili çeşitli araştırmaları ve çalışmaları bulunan bir akademisyen. Uçan, göstergebilimin odağında yer alan istemek kipliğine dayalı bu müstakil eseri, yayınlamış olduğu makaleler ve araştırmalar ile sağlam bir zemine oturtuyor. Örneğin; Yazının Niteliği ve Yazı Mekânın İşlevi adlı çalışmasında, insanın içerisinde nefes aldığı ortamın yazıya, yazı içerisindeki olaylara yön verdiğinden, yazı ile mekân arasında bir uzam olduğundan bahsediyor ve insanın içindeki sorgulamaların dış dünyaya yansımalarına değiniyor. Ek olarak “İmgelerin Gücü, Anlamlandırılması olmak/görünmek kiplikleri ve Ziya Osman Saba’nın ‘Mesut İnsanlar Fotoğrafhanesi’nde Hüzün”, “Göstergebilim, Yazınsal Ürünlerde Biçim-İçerik Tartışması: Hakikat ve Paradoks Arasında Sanat” vb. çalışmalarını da bu eserin bir bütünlük içerisinde ortaya çıkışında birer kaldırım taşları olarak nitelendirmek mümkün. Uçan’ın hem makalelerinde hem de kitabında kullandığı dil geniş bir okuyucu kitlesine seslenebilecek nitelikte. Çalışmalarında konuya yaklaşım tarzı, okuyucu diri fay hattı üzerinde/ymiş gibi hissettiriyor ve akıcı üslubuyla teknik konuların kolayca anlaşılmasına da yardımcı oluyor.
Akıllı Fabrikalarda Çizelgeleme Yöntemlerinin Analizi
Authors: MANZAK Rumeysa , ENGİN Orhan
Published: October 2023

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, Akıllı Fabrikalarda gerçekleştirilen çizelgeleme yöntemlerini incelemektir.

Yöntem: Bu çalışmada, veri kaynağı olarak, “Google Scholar” üzerinden ulaşılan metin türünde veriler kullanılmıştır. Veri Seti, 2015-2022 yılları arasında yayınlanmış olan ve ‘Scheduling in Smart Factory’ anahtar kelimesini içeren araştırma makalelerinden oluşmaktadır. Çalışma gerçekleştirilirken, ‘Scheduling in Smart Factory’ anahtar kelimesi ile doğrudan ilgili araştırmalar analiz edilmiştir.

Bulgular: Akıllı Fabrikalarda gerçekleştirilen çizelgeleme yöntemlerinin incelenmesi çalışmasında, çizelgeleme problemlerinin çözümünde, Genetik Algoritma, Çoklu Robot Önleyici Görev Çizelgelemesi, Parçacık Optimizasyonu, Ağlar Arası Birleştirme ve Çizelgeleme gibi birçok yöntemin kullanıldığı belirlenmiştir. Önerilen bu yöntemlerin performanslarını değerlendirmek için duyarlılık analizi, hata kurtarma analizi ve karşılaştırma analizi gibi metotlar tercih edilmiştir. Bu çalışmaları doğrulamak için deney çalışmaları yürütülmüştür.

Özgünlük: Çizelgeleme problemleri, hem geleneksel fabrikalarda, hemde akıllı fabrikalarda stratejik bir öneme sahiptir. Özellikle son yıllarda, çizelgeleme çalışmaları üzerine çok sayıda algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Bu çalışmada, 2015-2022 yılları arasında gerçekleştirilen bilimsel çalışmaları içeren özgün bir tarama sunulmuştur.
Smart Product-Service Systems in Fashion Industry: A Systematic Review of Sustainability Results
Authors: GÜR Ufuk
Published: October 2023

Purpose: This review paper provides an inductive analysis on "Smart product service systems" in fashion industry by explaining how servitization as a form of service innovation is critical for sustainability, and the promise of digital technologies for smart fashion industry based on analysing current challenges, opportunities, and digital technologies for the implementation of Smart PSS in the fashion industry.

Methodology: The study employed an inductive analysis approach to identify the servitization domains, respective Smart PSS applications and the environmental sustainability results. The environmental sustainability results matched with the services were derived from the extensive literature by inductive coding of all identified Smart PSS applications through systematic literature review.

Findings: Fashion industry applications of Smart PSS were matched with the respective servitization domain, and the discussion were extended with the possible environmental sustainability results based on the literature content. Further research questions have been proposed.

Originality: Recent research calls for contributions about the effects of digitalization on different outcomes of servitization beyond financial performance and draws attention to the small number of studies addressing the environmental benefits of digital servitization to the circular economy. This study addresses the research gap for a scholarly discussion about the environmental sustainability results of digital servitization in fashion industry and provides a comprehensive future research agenda.
Sustainability in Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure: A MCDM Based Performance Evaluation of European Union and Türkiye for Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9)
Authors: BURHAN Hasan Arda
Published: October 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to perform two distinct cross-country evaluations including European Union (EU) countries and Türkiye, focusing on Sustainable Development Goal 9 (SDG 9): Industry, innovation and infrastructure. The study aims to obtain rankings that display the relative standings of countries and identify areas for potential enhancement. Methodology: An integrated objective criteria weighting, VIKOR, and MAIRCA based Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) approach has been employed. Findings: Based on the first analysis, high speed internet coverage (HSI) and the share of rail and inland waterways in inland freight transport (SRI) were prominent criteria, and in the MCDM analysis, Sweden displayed the highest performance, while Greece and Croatia showed the lowest performance. In the second analysis, which included Türkiye, tertiary educational attainment (TEA) criteria stood out; while, Sweden maintained its leading position. Türkiye initially had poor performance in the early years but later improved, reaching a mid-level position among 26 countries by 2020. However, a significant decline in performance was observed in the last two years. In addition, during the handled period Türkiye witnessed a decline in both the number of patent applications and the share of buses and trains in inland passenger transport. Thereby, novel policies and incentives could be formulated to overcome these issues. Originality: Two distinct cross-country analyses were conducted in accordance with the SDG 9 by adopting the most recent data and an integrated methodology. Within this context, EU countries were compared both among themselves and with Türkiye, and valuable findings were presented.
Deucravacitinib (Sotyktu)
Authors: CADTH
Published: October 2023

CADTH reimbursement reviews are comprehensive assessments of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness, as well as patient and clinician perspectives, of a drug or drug class.

The assessments inform non-binding recommendations that help guide the reimbursement decisions of Canada's federal, provincial, and territorial governments, with the exception of Quebec.

This review assesses Deucravacitinib (Sotyktu), 6 mg tablet, oral.

Indication: For the treatment of adult patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis who are candidates for systemic therapy or phototherapy.
How heating tracers drive self-lofting long-lived stratospheric anticyclones: simple dynamical models
Authors: Shah Kasturi S. , Haynes Peter H.
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Long-lived `bubbles' of wildfire smoke or volcanic aerosol have recently been observed in the stratosphere, co-located with ozone, carbon monooxide, and water vapour anomalies. These bubbles often survive for several weeks, during which time they ascend through vertical distances of 15 km or more. Meteorological analysis data shows that the smoke or aerosol is contained within strong, persistent anticyclonic vortices. Absorption of solar radiation by the smoke or aerosol is hypothesised to drive the ascent of the bubbles, but the dynamics of how this heating gives rise to a single-sign anticyclonic vorticity anomaly has thus far been unclear. We present a description of heating-driven stratospheric vortices, based on an axisymmetric balanced model. A highly simplified model includes a specified localised heating moving upwards at fixed velocity and produces a steadily translating solution with a single-signed anticyclonic vortex co-located with the heating, with corresponding temperature anomalies forming a vertical dipole, matching observations. A more complex model includes the two-way interaction between a heating tracer, representing smoke or aerosol, and the dynamics. An evolving tracer provides heating which drives a secondary circulation and this in turn transports the tracer. Through this two-way interaction an initial distribution of tracer drives a circulation and forms a self-lofting tracer-filled anticyclonic vortex. Scaling arguments show that upward velocity is proportional to heating magnitude, but the magnitude of peak vorticity is O(f ) (f  is the Coriolis parameter) and independent of the heating magnitude. Estimates of peak vertical velocity and vorticity from observations match our theoretical predictions. We discuss 3D effects such as vortex stripping and dispersion of tracer outside the vortex by the large-scale flow which cannot be captured explicitly by the axisymmetric model. The large O(f ) vorticity of the fully developed anticyclones explains their observed persistence and their effective confinement of tracers. To further investigate the early stages of formation of tracer-filled vortices, we consider an idealised configuration of a homogeneous tracer layer. A linearised calculation reveals that the upper part of the layer is destabilised due to the decrease in tracer  concentrations with height there, which sets up a self-reinforcing effect where upward lofting of tracer results in stronger heating and hence stronger lofting. Small amplitude disturbances form isolated tracer plumes that ascend out of the initial layer, indicative of a self-organisation of the flow. The relevance of these idealised models to formation and persistence of tracer-filled vortices in the real atmosphere is discussed and it is suggested that a key factor in their formation is the time taken to reach the fully-developed stage, which is shorter for strong heating rates.
A high-resolution map of diffuse groundwater recharge rates for Australia
Authors: Lee Stephen , Irvine Dylan J. , Duvert Clément , Rau Gabriel C. , Cartwright Ian
Published: October 2023

Abstract. Estimating groundwater recharge rates is important to understand and manage groundwater. Numerous studies have used collated recharge datasets to understand and project regional or global-scale recharge rates. Recharge estimation methods each have distinct assumptions, quantify different recharge components, and operate over different temporal scales. To address these challenges, we use over 200,000 groundwater chloride measurements to estimate groundwater recharge rates using the chloride mass balance (CMB) method across Australia. Recharge rates were produced stochastically using gridded chloride deposition, runoff, and precipitation datasets. After filtering out recharge rates where the assumptions of the method may have been compromised, 98,568 estimates of recharge were produced. The resulting recharge rates and 17 spatial datasets were integrated into a random forest regression algorithm, generating a high-resolution (0.05°) model of recharge rates across Australia. The regression reveals that climate-related variables, including precipitation, rainfall seasonality, and potential evapotranspiration, exert the most significant influence on recharge rates, with vegetation (NDVI) also contributing significantly. Importantly, both the mean values of the recharge point dataset (43.5 mm y-1) and of the spatial recharge model (22.7 mm y-1) are notably lower than those reported in previous studies, underscoring the prolonged timescale of the CMB method and the potential disparities arising from distinct recharge estimation methodologies. This study presents a robust and automated approach to estimate recharge using the CMB method, offering a unified model based on a single estimation method. The resulting datasets, the Python script for recharge rate calculation, and the spatial recharge models collectively provide valuable insights for water resources management across the Australian continent and similar approaches can be applied globally.
Comparison of different cross-sectional approaches for the structural design and optimization of composite wind turbine blades based on beam models
Authors: Werthen Edgar , Hardt Daniel , Balzani Claudio , Hühne Christian
Published: October 2023

Abstract. During the preliminary multidisciplinary design phase of wind turbine blades the evaluation of many design candidates plays an important role. Computationally efficient methods for the structural analysis are needed to cover the required effects, e.g., correct prediction of stiffness matrix entries including the (bend-twist) coupling terms. The present paper provides an extended overview of available approaches and shows their ability to fulfill the requirements for the composite design of rotor blades. Three cross-sectional theories are selected and implemented to compare the cross-sectional coupling stiffness terms and the stress distribution based on different multi-cell test cross-sections. The cross-sectional results are compared with the 2D finite element code BECAS and discussed in the context of accuracy and computational efficiency. The most promising approach achieved a better resolution of the stress distribution compared to BECAS and an order of a magnitude less computation time when the same discretization is used. The deviations of the stress distributions are below 10 percent for the most test cases. The results can serve as a basis for the beam-based design of wind turbine rotor blades.
PHYTOPATOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF THE RESISTANCE OF CHINESE POTATO BREEDING LINES TO MAIN POTATO VIRUSES
Authors:   Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astanacity, Kazakhstan, Azhimahan M.A. , Beisembina B. ,   Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astanacity, Kazakhstan, Khassanov V.Т. ,   Saken Seifullin Kazakh Agrotechnical University, Astanacity, Kazakhstan, Baigeng Hu ,   Leling Xisen Potato Industry Group Company Ltd,Leling, People's Republic of China
Published: October 2023

В настоящих исследованиях проводилось изучение 13 перспективных линий картофеля китайской селекции на устойчивость к Х-вирусу картофеля (XВК) и Y-вирусу картофеля (YВК) с помощью фитопатологической оценки и молекулярно-генетических методов. Для определения уровня устойчивости образцов селекционных линий картофеля к Х- и Y-вирусам было проведено искусственное инфицирование растений в регулируемых условиях фитотрона. Оценку проводили путем визуального наблюдения проявления специфических симптомов на инокулированных растениях картофеля, а также проверки наличия исследуемых вирусов в растениях с помощью иммуноферментного анализа (ИФА). Полученные результаты сравнивали с наличием в селекционных линиях картофеля ДНК-маркеров генов устойчивости Ry-and, Ry-sto, Ry-chc, Rx1 и Nb. По результатам проведенных исследований большинство изучаемых линий картофеля китайской селекции обладали экстремальным типом устойчивости к YВК. Из 13 изучаемых на устойчивость к ХВК селекционных линий картофеля - 3 линии (17 214-9, 17 201-8, Z 861-1) содержали ДНК-маркеры генов устойчивости Rx1, Nb, две линии оказались восприимчивыми к ХВК, одна селекционная линия картофеля показала высокую устойчивость. Селекционные образцы картофеля 17 204-2 и Z 879, содержащие большинство изученных ДНК-маркеров генов устойчивости к ХВК и YВК, могут быть рекомендованы в качестве перспективного исходного материала для селекции вирусоустойчивых сортов картофеля.
THE EFFECT OF A BIOLOGICAL DRUG ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF GRASS MIXTURES DURING THE RESTORATION OF PASTURE LANDS
Authors:   Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing named after I.Zhakhaev LLP. Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan, Zhumadilova Zh.Sh. , Тoktamyssov A.M. ,   Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing named after I.Zhakhaev LLP. Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan, Baimbetova G.Z. ,   Kazakh Scientific Research Institute of Rice Growing named after I.Zhakhaev LLP. Kyzylorda city, Kazakhstan
Published: October 2023

Widely zoned speciesof forage grasses in Kazakhstan are Sudan grass, sorghum and mogar. Due to their biological characteristics, they can germinate and grow in a dry-steppe region. The biological feature of the selected herb mixture is its deep root system. Therefore, in order to study resource-saving technologies and restore degraded pastures, seeds of herbaceous communities (Sudanese grass, sorghum and mogar) and the biological preparation "Tumat" were taken for further small-scale farming experience According to the results of the work carried out, it was found that before the experiment was laid, in the spring, the salinity of the soil by degree belongs to the neutral type of salinity (pH<8.5). The pH value of the soil for the cultivation of fodder crops is optimal. According to the humus content in the humus horizon (0.88-1.15), they are low-humus by grouping. Prior to the experiment, the amount of nitrogen in the soil ranged from 36.4 to 47.6 mg/kg, that is, there is no high demand for nitrogen fertilizers for plants, respectively. The content of mobile forms of phosphorus according to Machigin is low, and the content of K2O in the soil is from 120 to 150 mg / kg, according to Machigin, the average and the need for fertilizer is also average. According to the results of phenological observations, it was revealed that the phase of development of grain fodder crops in variants with spraying of the biological product 1 time was from germination to tillering 15-16 days. In variants without the use of biofertilizer, it takes 17-18 days. The phase of development of legume fodder crops in variants with spraying of the biological product 1 time from germination to the beginning of branching was 17-18 days. In variants without the use of biofertilizer is 19-20 days. The seeds of the sweet clover, compared with alfalfa, rose a day or two later, since it is a solid seed crop.
Cephalometric radiograph-based approach for sex determination using maxillary sinus index in Surabaya, Indonesia
Authors:   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Kurniawan Arofi , Athalia Salma A. ,   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Prakoeswa Beshlina F.W.R. ,   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Rizky Beta N. ,   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Chusida An’nisaa ,   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Yudha Martinus ,   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Wijaya Karine ,   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Margaretha Mieke S. ,   Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Alias Aspalilah ,   Department of Basic Sciences and Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Forensic Odontology, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia, Marya Anand ,   Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Chennai, Cambodia
Published: October 2023

Accurate sex determination is a critical aspect of individual identification in various fields, including anthropology, forensic science, and archaeology. Various parameters from the skull, mandible, pelvis, and long bones are commonly utilized for this purpose. Recently, the potential of the maxillary sinus as a sex-discriminatory parameter has been studied by Khaitan et al. through the analysis of lateral cephalometric radiography. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of implementing the sex determination formula devised by Khaitan et al. for the adult population of Surabaya, Indonesia. For this purpose, 130 digital cephalometric radiographs of outpatients in the DHDC Dental Office in Surabaya, Indonesia, were assessed. The maxillary sinus height and width were measured to derive the maxillary sinus index (MSI) and calculate the discriminant score (D) for sex identification. This study revealed that the maxillary sinus’s average height in males was 37.111+5.13 mm, while in females, it was 34.538+4.36 mm. Males had an average maxillary sinus width of 44.152+4.11 mm, while in females it was of 38.849+3.33 mm. The MSI values for males (1.204±0.14) were higher than for females (1.135±0.10). The discriminant scores showed notable variations between males and females, with an 86% success rate for females and 27.8% for males. The present study provides evidence that the Khaitan formula can serve as a valuable complementary approach for sex determination in females. Sex determination based on the MSI is thought to be a population-dependent parameter in forensic sciences and requires careful interpretation in its application.
Assessment of reproductive toxicity of Cyfluthrin and Pestban either individually or combined in adult male albino rats
Authors:   Al-Rayan National College of Medicine, Al Medina, Saudi Arabia, Mostafa Heba El-Sayed ,   Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, Alaa El-Din Eman A. ,   Department of Forensic Medicine & Clinical Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Egypt, Kamel Eman M. ,   Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt, Fareed Shimaa A. ,   Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
Published: October 2023

Many studies on individual pesticide risk assessments are available, but the toxicity of combined usage is still to estimate. So, the current study investigated reproductive toxicity induced by exposure to cyfluthrin (CYF) and pestban (PES) and their mixture in adult male albino rats. Forty adult male albino rats were randomized into four groups. All treatments were given daily by oral gavage for 60 days. Group I (control group): this group included 16 rats, divided into two equal subgroups: subgroup Ia (negative control) and subgroup Ib (a vehicle control), in which each rat received 2 ml of corn oil. Group II: CYF group (15.6 mg/kg). Group III; PES group (7.45 mg/kg). Group IV: CYF + PES. Individual CYF and PES exposure significantly decreased testicular weight, serum testosterone level, and epididymal sperm count when compared to the control group. These biochemical changes were confirmed by histological and ultra-structural disarray and reduced immunoreactions of Melan-A (also known as MART-1, Melanoma Antigen Recognized by T-cells), but mutual exposure to both pesticides resulted in a highly significant difference compared to other treated groups. Co-administration of CYF and PES aggravated testicular toxicity, exhausting the endogenous antioxidant status, and down-regulating the immune expression of Melan-A. So, mixing both components can intensify the damaging effects of each compound on testes.
Logistic regression analysis of sex-related morphological and dimensional variations of maxillary bone: a cone-beam computed tomography-based retrospective study
Authors:   Graduate Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Program, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia, Palacio-Gutiérrez Santiago , Morales-Galeano Sara ,   Graduate Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Program, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia, Obando-Castillo Jorge L. ,   Department of Radiology, Cooperative University of Colombia, San Juan de Pasto, Colombia, Saldarriaga-Naranjo Clara I. ,   Department of Radiology, CES University and RADEX 3D Specialized Radiology Center. Medellín, Colombia, Tobón-Arroyave Sergio I. ,   Graduate Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Program, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Antioquia. Medellín, Colombia
Published: October 2023

This study aimed to determine, using a retrospective cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) assessment and a logistic regression analysis, which variations of the maxillary structures of interest in surgical, forensic, and anthropological practices might be linked to the sex trait in a representative sample of Colombian adults with different age and alveolar process status categories. A total of 208 CBCT scans obtained from 83 males and 125 females were evaluated. The protocol included the assessment of 40 parameters, of which 25 were bilateral and 15 were unique. The strength of association between the study variables and the sex of the individuals was examined individually and adjusted for confounding using univariate and multivariate binary logistic regression models. Although the age and alveolar process status had a confounding influence on the results, posterior maxillary region-related variables including maxillary sinus, infraorbital foramen, and greater palatine canal dimensions, but also anterior maxilla/upper middle line-related variables comprising nasopalatine canal length, anterior buccal bone thickness, and incisive foramen diameter, revealed higher values in males and remained strongly and independently associated with the male sex after adjusting for confounders. It was concluded that the maxillary bone can present several morphological variations, as well as dimensional differences that may be strongly liaised to sex, but are independent of age, side, and the state of the alveolar process of the population observed. Even so, both aging and alveolar process status should be considered when applying the anatomical variation data to the needs of the particular case.
Academic benefits of using cadaveric material in health sciences education: Report of an experience
Authors:   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Farfán Emilio ,   Morpho-Clinical Research Lab, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Inzunza Oscar ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; Morpho-Clinical Research Lab, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
Published: October 2023

The use of cadaveric material to study anatomy has been curbed by the requirements for its maintenance and use and by the anatomical contents in medical curricula, negatively affecting students. This study aimed to demonstrate the reported benefits of using cadaveric material in teaching anatomy. The benefits were categorized into 3 groups: audiovisual resources, teaching, and institutional cooperation and research. 1) Audiovisual resources: 2234 photographs, 256 videos, 16 websites, 28 anatomical replicas using 3D printing, the Laminario Anatómico, and a gymkhana online simulator. Students were surveyed about their perception and use of these resources. Their responses indicate they are considered useful tools for teaching and learning. 2) Teaching: all the practical activities with cadaveric material are comprehensively undertaken in different formats every year. 15 undergraduate programs have prosection activities, 9 graduate degree programs and 4 post-graduate qualification programs have prosection and dissection activities, and 22 graduate degree programs have cadaveric surgical training. 3) Institutional cooperation and research: 2 doctoral theses, 1 master’s thesis, and 37 publications. The use of cadaveric material is a contribution that strengthens all aspects of academia in the development of both instructors and institutions.
Absence of musculocutaneous nerve associated with the presence of an accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle: report of a bilateral case and its clinical implications
Authors:   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Farfán Emilio ,   Morpho-Clinical Research Lab, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Araya Felipe ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Barroilhet Manuel ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Cornejo Francisco ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Gutiérrez Agustín ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Vergara Matías ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Inzunza Oscar ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile; Morpho-Clinical Research Lab, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile, Sánchez Natalia ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Tramolao Jaritza ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile, Inostroza Verónica ,   Departamento de Anatomía, Escuela de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Chile
Published: October 2023

The anatomical variants of the biceps brachii muscle (BBM) are frequent, mostly unilaterally than bilaterally, and are associated with supernumerary muscle bellies, the total absence of the muscle or one of its heads, and variations in the points of origin and insertion. In the same way, the variants of the musculocutaneous nerve (MCN) can include alterations in its course, number of branches, or anatomical relations, whereas its absence is considered an atypical variation. The aim of this work was to report the absence of musculocutaneous nerve associated with the presence of one accessory head of the biceps brachii muscle. Dissection of a female cadaver, fixed in 10% buffered formaldehyde, which did not present previous surgeries in the studied area was performed. Variations were noted in both upper limbs related to accessory muscle bellies and change in innervation. Anatomical relations of muscles and nerves were determined by following proximal to distal ends, relation, vascularization, and innervation pattern. The absence of MCN associated with the presence of one accessory head of the BBM were found bilaterally. These anatomical variations are atypical. Clinically, these variations can produce compressive symptoms that could generate confusing diagnostics and conduce to unnecessary procedures on the arm, inducing iatrogenic actions.
Identification of Quality of Complex Flavour Mixtures Used in Meat Industry
Authors: Naumova Natalya , Lukin Aleksandr , Velisevich Evgenii , Rodionova Irina , Pirozhinsky Sergey , Eremina Yulia
Published: October 2023

Multifunctional complex flavour mixtures, which simplify and speed up food production, are of great importance in the meat processing industry. The aim of the research was to identify the quality of complex food spice mixes prepared by a producer. It was found that the compositions of the grill spice mix met the regulations in terms of organoleptic, physical, and chemical parameters. The garlic mixture sample revealed the presence of edible salt, not declared by the manufacturer. Dietary fiber was present in all the mixes under study. Garlic 1:6 sample differed from the other complex additives by the increased content of Al, Li, Mg, P, Si, Sr, Te, as well as the presence of Mo, Ti, V, and W. The ‘grill spice mix’ had relatively high amounts of Ca, Cr, and Fe, but did not contain detectable amount of Si, declared by the manufacturer as part of E551. The composition of the grill spice mix stood out because of the high content of Mn, Na, and Zn, an aroma mixture – Cu. It should be noted that E627 and E631 flavor enhancers were found in an aroma mixture, whereas E450 stabilizer and emulsifier was found in a grill aroma mixture. According to a number of experts, these components pose a threat to the human body as they can cause intestinal and stomach disorders. In this regard, it is necessary to understand which food additives need to be excluded from a person’s diet, which are especially dangerous, and which are safe to consume from time to time in small quantities as part of meat products.
Acropleurophialis simplex gen. & sp. nov. from China
Authors: Hu Ya-Fen , Liu Jing-Wen , Zhang Xiu-Guo , Castañeda-Ruíz Rafael F. , Ma Jian
Published: October 2023

A new asexual ascomycete genus and species, Acropleurophialis simplex collected on dead branches of an unidentified broadleaf tree in Jiangxi Province, China, is described and illustrated. The fungus is distinguished by macronematous, unbranched, determinate or percurrently extending
conidiophores, and solitary, semi-endogenous, simple, smooth, spherical or subspherical, aseptate, pale brown to subhyaline conidia seceding schizolytically from polyphialidic, integrated, terminal and intercalary, sympodial, cylindrical conidiogenous cells with conspicuous collarettes.
A Theoretical Review of the Internal Control Measures in Preventing E-Banking Frauds in the Nigerian Banking Sector
Authors: Agboare Edward Idemudia
Published: October 2023

The developments in the field of information technology have changed banking business and the manner in which its customers transact significantly, bringing about more reliance on electronic banking transactions fondly referred to as “e-banking transactions”. This has also changed the kind of risk both the banks and its customers are faced with, resulting in some significant losses reported; and calling for the need for sound internal control systems that can be applied on e-banking activities to reduce losses and inherent risk. This paper is a theoretical review of the expected characteristics of the internal control system required to combat e-banking fraud in the Nigerian Banking Sector. Related concepts, theories and studies around internal control and electronic banking and fraud were reviewed. To reduce the losses attributed to e-banking frauds, the internal control system over e-banking transactions and activities should not be postmortem like the traditional banking services, but among others, be online real-time, generating alerts as transactions occur, having a combination of proactive and reactive techniques and should automatically generate audit trails. The paper recommends that the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) as the apex regulator of the sector should biannually review the controls put in place by the banks to check e-banking transactions for adequacy, and apply appropriate sanctions where necessary. Technology is constantly evolving, hence, the need for consistent review of processes and procedures by the banks, who should continuously sensitize its customers on safeguarding access credentials, while creating avenues for immediate reporting and account restriction in the event of suspicious activities.
An Institution Economics Approach to Foreign Direct Investment Analysis in Nigeria
Authors: S.T. Omojuyigbe , M. Kwanashie , A. Ihuoma , O.S. Olushola
Published: October 2023

This research is an institution economics approach to foreign direct investment analysis in Nigeria spanning 1995 to 2021, using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model. It employed FDI as the dependent variable, while business freedom (BF) and trade freedom (TF) are the independent variables. FDI data were sourced from World Development Indicator (WDI), while BF and TF data were sourced from Index of Economic Freedom. Descriptive statistics were used to reveal behavioral tendencies of the data; both Augmented Dickey-Fuller (ADF) and Phillips-Perron (PP) unit root tests established mixed series of I(0) and I(1). F-bound test and Nayaran table showed long-horizon nexus between the series. The study found that in the long-horizon, the coefficients of both BF and TF have positive nexus with FDI, but are not statistically significant at 5% level of significance. Consequently, it was recommended that policy makers should improve on the openness and transparency with which businesses and trade are carried on within the economy, and interaction with other business people and government at the global level. In addition, deliberate efforts should be made to remove institutional rigidities and bureaucratic impediments to trade and investment.
Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cell-derived secretome administration on morphine-induced consumption, relapse, and withdrawal in rats: Role of brain oxidative stress and neuroinflammation
Authors:   ,   Universidad del Desarrollo, Quezada Mauricio
Published: October 2023

This thesis presents the results obtained after the simultaneous intranasal and intravenous administration of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory secretome generated from preconditioned hMSC on the precipitated (naloxone-induced) and spontaneous (oral model) withdrawal syndrome, the reduction in its chronic consumption, and the relapse to voluntary oral consumption (oral model) in rats exposed to continuous doses of opioids. Additionally, the association and role of oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in the different stages of morphine addiction were evaluated.
Antifungal activity of Terminalia chebula extract against wilt fungi Fusarium oxysporum an important plant pathogen
Authors: A Padmalatha , S.B Prabha
Published: October 2023

Terminalia chebula, a deciduous plant, endogenous to India has medicinal value. Its fruits are known for its cure to many ailments in human beings. This study is to test the biological activity of these compounds tested against plant pathogenic fungi Fusarium oxysporum which cause wilt in economically important crops. Wilt is a devastating disease which destroys the infected plant and cause economic loss to farmers. Panama disease in bananas is a type of wilt disease which is very prevalent in India. This fungi has broad host range from tomato, cotton etc. Outbreak reported in many parts of India. Standard culture of Fusarium oxysporum ITCC -6246, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceri ITCC 3636 and Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici MTCC 10270 were used to detect the potential chemical compound in dried fruit by macro-dilution. Each organic solvent (Water, Ethanol, Chloroform, Benzene) has different extraction capacity based on the polarity of chemical compound in plants. These chemical compounds extensively studied for their antioxidant property and preliminary screening of chemical compound constituents in all extract. Mycelium growth inhibition tested on solid medium and zone of inhibition measured in mm diameter. Spores of Fusarium sp. present in soil for many months in dormant form. Under suitable climatic conditions this will germinate and cause infection in plants. Rate of spore germination inhibition in liquid medium measured and calculated for every solvent extract. Rate of inhibition was calculated and analysed statistically by t test. The efficient solvent extract determined for bulk extraction of biologically active compound from seeds.
Planejamento familiar e reprodutivo na Atenção básica do município de São Paulo
Authors: Figueiredo Regina , Mayer de Castro Júlio , Kalckmann Suzana
Published: October 2023

O artigo analisa a implementação da política de Planejamento Familiar no município de São Paulo mediante a avaliação da oferta de contraceptivos na atenção básica, considerando a diversidade de OSSs na gestão das UBSs. A Área Técnica de Saúde da Mulher da Secretaria Municipal de Saúde de São Paulo e o Instituto de Saúde realizaram um levantamento da disponibilização de métodos nas 435 unidades básicas de saúde, entre maio e dezembro de 2010. Responderam à pesquisa 97,5% dos serviços. Entre os serviços que deram retorno: 99,5%, 96,5% disponibilizam preservativos masculinos e preservativos femininos, respectivamente. Os anticoncepcionais hormonais: pílula, injetáveis e contracepção de emergência eram ofertados por 99,8%, 99,3% e 95,3%; a inserção de DIU por 64% dos serviços. Laqueaduras e vasectomias eram encaminhadas por quase todas as UBSs, porém na zona sul e leste da cidade há um percentual de serviços que não estão realizando este procedimento. Apesar de praticamente todos os serviços disponibilizarem pelo menos um tipo de método para adolescentes, há restrições ao acesso à contracepção de emergência e preservativo feminino. Nota-se que há diversidade entre os serviços, com UBSs atuando de forma divergente com as diretrizes propostas pela Secretaria Municipal. Observa-se que entre as unidades sob gestão de entidades ligadas a grupos religiosos há menor proporção de serviços que disponibilizam a contracepção de emergência, de DIU, de encaminhamento e realização de laqueaduras e vasectomias e na atenção de adolescentes, principalmente na região sul e leste da cidade. O levantamento aponta a necessidade de padronizar a orientação contraceptiva de forma que promova a equidade, reforçar treinamentos entre gestores e profissionais de saúde dos serviços. Esforços são necessários para garantir o cumprimento de normas nacionais, estaduais e municipais de Planejamento Familiar, independentemente das entidades gestoras. É fundamental garantir a equidade na promoção da Saúde Sexual e Reprodutiva.