bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Cutoff Value, Validity, and Reliability of the Japanese Cold Intolerance Symptom Severity Questionnaire
Authors: Echigo Ayumu , Ibe Koji , Osanami Yukihiro , Matsui Hirotada , Kurata Yoshiaki , Tsuji Hideki
Published: September 2016

Purpose: The Cold Intolerance Symptom Severity (CISS) questionnaire was introduced by Irwin as a tool for measuring cold intolerance of hand patients. Although there have been many articles on cold intolerance and CISS from Europe, a very few were from Asia. We translated the CISS into Japanese. The aim of this study was to identify a cutoff value for the Japanese CISS in normal population and to evaluate its validity and reliability in hand patients. Translation Process: The original CISS was translated into Japanese by 2 Japanese professional translators independently. The 2 translations were synthesized and then translated backward into English by 2 professional English native translators. An expert panel, consisting of translators, a hand surgeon, and hand therapists, was held to finalize the Japanese CISS. Materials and Methods: One hundred forty-three healthy volunteers answered the Japanese CISS during winter season. The cutoff value was determined using 95% confidence interval. The validity and reliability of the Japanese CISS in hand patients were also investigated. During winter season, 111 outpatients with hand injuries completed the questionnaire and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) (9 nerve injuries, 18 finger replantations, 11 tendon injuries, 24 phalangeal fractures, 35 distal radius fractures, 10 complex injuries, and 4 others). The mean age was 52.8 years (range, 16-84). To evaluate the test-retest reliability, 62 patients answered the questionnaire again with a 2-week interval. Statistical Analysis: DASH was used to assess concurrent validity of the Japanese CISS. The Spearman correlation was calculated to assess the correlation between the Japanese CISS and DASH. To evaluate the reliability of the Japanese CISS, Cronbach alpha and the intraclass coefficient (1.1) were calculated for internal consistency and test-retest analysis. Results: In a normal Japanese population, the average CISS score was 16.3 (standard deviation [SD], 15.2). Scores more than 50 were considered to show abnormal cold intolerance. In the hand patients, Spearman correlation between the Japanese CISS and DASH was 0.358, suggesting modest correlation. Cronbach alpha and the intraclass coefficient were 0.917 and 0.896, respectively, which showed the internal consistency, and the test-retest reliability of the Japanese CISS was both very good. Discussion: A cutoff value of the Japanese CISS was 50; it was similar to that of the Swedish version of the CISS. The Japanese version of the CISS was proved to be reliable with high internal consistency and test-retest reliability. It indicates good conceptual equivalence of Japanese version and comparability of interpretation.
Assessment of Grip Strength Across the Continuum of Care
Authors: Klatt Marie Eason , Krakovsky Antoinette , O’Callaghan Lynda
Published: September 2016

Objective: To clarify key concepts in the administration and interpretation of grip strength assessment across the continuum of care through a scoping review, and report the evidence that addresses and informs practice. Methods: Electronic databases, Medline and CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature), were searched from 2011 to 2016 for abstracts that included 1 or more of the following terms: hand strength, grip strength, sincerity of effort, and muscle dynamometry. Studies were selected using an iterative team approach and were included if they were published in English, used either hydraulic or digital instruments with established validity and reliability to assess grip strength, and reported the method of assessment, the population tested, and the practice context. Implications for rehabilitation practice across the continuum of care were identified by the authors and validated through a consultation process with clinicians in various practice areas (medicolegal, acute care, geriatrics, and hand rehabilitation). Results: Updated information regarding assessment protocol, norms, and the impact of age, gender, nutritional status, and vocational and avocational activities will be presented. Use of grip strength in the determination of sincerity of effort testing will be challenged in light of the findings. In addition, the prognostic value of grip strength assessment for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular death, cardiovascular mortality, and acute hospital admission length of stay will be highlighted. Conclusions: Evidence-based administration and interpretation of grip strength assessment by rehabilitation professionals are essential components of comprehensive assessment across the continuum of care. The finding of this scoping review supports the formal assessment of grip strength in multiple practice environments and highlights its prognostic value.
The Biomechanical Study of the Bioabsorbable Plates in Finger Fracture Fixation
Authors: Fok Margaret Woon Man , Yeung Kelvin , Fung Boris , Chow Siew Ping
Published: September 2016

Objectives: Plates and screws have been proven to be a strong construct for the treatment of finger fractures as it allows for immediate postoperative mobilization. However, plates made in metal can be high in profile and may lead to both adjacent tendons and soft tissue irritation. Meanwhile bioabsorbable plates and screws have the advantage of being more conforming and low in profile. Yet there are concerns on its biomechanical strength. This study aims to explore the biomechanical strength of bioabsorbable construct by comparing with its titanium counterpart. Materials and Methods: Fifty-four simulated bone models of hand with a transverse osteotomy were used to simulate a finger fracture. A control group of 18 bone models (group 0) were fixed with a standard 4-hole, 1.5-mm titanium straight plates. A second set of 18 bone models (group 1) were fixed by 1.5-mm bioabsorbable mesh plate which was fashioned to cover half of the circumference of the bone. For the remaining set of 18 bone models, similar fixation was employed using the bioabsorbable plates except that it covered two-third instead of half of the circumference of the bone. All bone models were mounted to the Servo-hydraulic MTS 858 Bionix testing machine for biomechanical testing. Six bone models from each group were tested for maximum bending force, maximum torsional force, and fatigue property. The fatigue property was to simulate the load that the fixation construct would encounter over a 6 weeks period, ie, a period that allows the bone to heal with callous. It was set at 100 000 cycles at a displacement rate of 1 mm/s. Results: The average maximum bending force for group 0, group 1, and group 2 were 67.0 ± 10.2 N, 40.8 ± 15.0 N, and 43.3 ± 15.0 N, respectively. There was a significance between the metal and both the bioabsorbable groups with P < .001. For the average maximum torsional force, group 0 was 0.66 ± 0.06 Nm, group 1 was 0.27 ± 0.06 Nm and group 2 was 0.32 ± 0.07 Nm. A significance difference between the metal and both the bioabsorbable groups was noted at P < .001. For the fatigue tests, all constructs, except 2 in group 1, were able to withstand 1 000 000 cycles. The subsequent force to failure of both the bioabsorbable constructs were only 10% of the titanium constructs (6.8 N vs 67.6 N) of which the P was <.001. No significant difference was noted in maximum bending strength, maximum torsion force, and fatigue stress between the 2 groups of bioabsorbable constructs. Conclusion: The biomechanical strength of the bioabsorbable plates is inferior to the titanium plates. Yet as the requirement of finger fracture fixation is mainly to provide a stable environment for finger mobilization, the fatigue property of a construct appears to be more important. Thus, the strength of bioabsorbable plate and screw construct may still be strong enough to allow the fracture to heal.
Morphology of the Lateral Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow
Authors: Tokunaga Karen , Sato Kotaro , Tajima Goro , Furumachi Katsuro , Mimata Yoshikuni , Tajima Katsumi , Kikuchi Yuki , Doita Minoru
Published: September 2016

Objective: The lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL) is considered to be the main factor against posterolateral rotatory instability (PLRI). The aim of this study was to clarify the morphological features of the LUCL and the related osseous landmarks on 3-dimensional (3D) images. We hypothesized that the characteristic features of the LUCL and related structures can be identified, which may assist surgeons in performing LUCL reconstruction with a more anatomic perspective. Materials and Methods: Thirty-five nonpaired, formalin-fixed human cadaveric elbows were evaluated in this study. After the identification of the LUCL, the outlines of the ligament were marked by using soft stainless wires. 3D images were created, and the insertions and running route of the LUCL and related osseous landmarks were analyzed. Results: The LUCL originated from the anterior edge of the prominence at the lateral epicondyle and inserted from the lesser sigmoid notch to the supinator crest with increasing width. In the 3D images, the LUCL formed an anterior curved shape and covered the radial head like a hammock. The insertion of the LUCL at the humerus was nearly at the center of the capitellum, with a width of 2.61 ± 1.02 mm. The insertion of the LUCL at the ulna was located from the lesser sigmoid notch to the supinator crest, with a width of 9.0 ± 2.8 mm. The proximal end of the LUCL insertion at the ulna was 7.0 ± 3.0 mm distal to the articular surface of the radial head. On the horizontal plane, the LUCL was located on the radial head at 99.5° ± 10.3° to 126.1° ± 12.4°. Conclusions: The LUCL insertion at the humerus was nearly at the center of the capitellum, and the LUCL insertion at the ulna was located from the lesser sigmoid notch to the supinator crest. This study showed that both the supinator crest and lesser sigmoid notch could be useful as osseous landmarks. The LUCL was attached to the annular ligament at 8 to 9 o’clock position in the radial head, which stabilizes the radial head. On the basis of these morphological features, the LUCL might act a posterior buttress for the radial head and the ulna to prevent its subluxation, and therefore it is considered to be the principal constraint of the elbow joint against PLRI. The results of this study may assist surgeons in performing LUCL reconstruction with a more anatomic perspective.
Arthroscopically Assisted 4-Corner Fusion
Authors: Silva Filipa Santos , Baptista Carolina , Coelho Ana Marta
Published: September 2016

Objective: Four-corner fusion (4CF) is an accepted and effective procedure for managing several degenerative disorders of the wrist. This procedure consists of the excision of the entire scaphoid in association with midcarpal fusion of the remaining carpal bones (lunate, triquetrum, capitate, and hamate), and it is generally performed through an open approach. The combination of a minimal volar approach, for scaphoid excision, with arthroscopy preparation of midcarpal joint surfaces plus bone graft placing and percutaneous fixation techniques can, potentially, generate the best possible functional outcome by minimizing the effect of extra-articular adhesion related to open surgery. The purpose of this retrospective study is to present the arthroscopically assisted 4CF performed in our practice and to evaluate the clinical and radiographic results. Materials and Methods: Eleven patients underwent scaphoidectomy and 4CF. In each case, the scaphoidectomy was performed through a minimal volar approach, and the midcarpal joint surfaces were denuded through dry arthroscopy. The regular midcarpal portals were used. The bone graft was prepared from the excised scaphoid, and it was placed in midcarpal space using a 3.4 mm burr cannula. The fixation was achieved using headless cannulated compression screws. In the postoperative period, patients were put in a splint for 2 weeks. Range of motion exercises began 2 weeks after operation. Functional outcomes were assessed by objective and subjective measures: range of motion, grip strength, Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score, visual analogue scale (VAS) of pain, satisfaction, and return to work. The x-rays were evaluated for union. The mean follow-up was of 20 months. Results: Mean surgery time was 2 hours. There was no need for conversion to the classic open procedure in any patient. The average flexion was of 44° (range, 30°-70°) and extension was of 39° (range, 10°-50°). Grip strength averaged 23 kg (62% of the other hand). Terminal to terminal pinch averaged 5.8 kg and terminal to lateral pinch was 7.3 kg (89% and 88% of the other hand, respectively). The mean QuickDASH score improved postoperatively from 40 to 10. Mean VAS postoperative pain rating was 2, compared with 7 preoperatively. All the patients were satisfied and were able to return to their previous activities. Fusion was achieved in every patient, confirmed by x-rays taken at 10 months postoperative. We had a surgery-related complication, a second-degree burn related with the use of the burr, which resolved with dressings, and there was a breakage of a screw in 1 patients, but in both cases fusion was achieved. Conclusion: Although technically demanding, in our opinion, the arthroscopically assisted 4CF seems a valid alternative to the classic 4CF procedure. The preliminary results seem promising, but longer follow-up is needed to confirm the benefits of this technique.
Autologous Chondrocyte Transplantation in the Treatment of Thumb CMC Joint Osteoarthritis
Authors: Messina Jane C. , Torretta Ferruccio
Published: September 2016

Background: Degenerative thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint osteoarthritis is a common disease in middle-aged woman. Nevertheless, synovitis and initial cartilage damage starts earlier and then progressive degenerative arthritis develops, leading to joint narrowing with progressive exposure of subchondral bone, osteophyte formation, subluxation, and deformity involving also the surrounding joints. The aim of this study is to evaluate the outcome of the patients treated with autologous chondrocyte transplantation at thumb CMC joint. Materials and Methods: Ten cases of thumb carpometacarpal thumb osteoarthritis, stages II and early III, were treated by arthroplasty with the implant of autologous chondrocyte transplantation by open or arthroscopic technique. Preoperatively all patients had persistent pain reluctant to different kinds of nonoperative treatments for at least 6 months. Mean preoperative pinch was 3.2 kg. All patients had a limitation of abduction and flexion at maximal degrees. Ethic committee approval of our institute had been obtained. Fragments of 3 to 4 mm of cartilage were harvested under arthroscopy or by open technique from the wrist or elbow joint. Cartilage cells were sent to laboratory to grow on a collagenous biphasic matrix (Novocart). After 3 weeks, it has been possible to implant the chondrocyte-augmented scaffold in thumb CMC joint using fibrin glue or freeze them to have the second operation later. Ten CMC joint in 8 patients, all females, aged 42 to 68 years (M = 53 years) have been treated. Dominant hand was treated in 6 cases; 2 patients had bilateral operation. In 8 cases, the patients were operated by open technique, and dorsal ligaments reconstruction was associated to stabilize the CMC joint. Patients were reviewed at a mean follow-up of 6.5 years (range, 5-9 years). Results: Impairing pain disappeared in all patients, and full range of motion was obtained in all cases. Mean pinch increased to 6.5 kg, and grip also increased in all cases. No complications occurred postoperatively. Two patients had persistent mild pain, 1 resolved spontaneously after 7 months. One patient was lost at follow-up. Conclusions: The results obtained are encouraging and implanted cartilage has lasted in the majority of cases up to 5 to 9 years. Tissue reconstruction is developing and could be an optimal solution to restore normal cartilage in young patients in order to postpone more aggressive procedures to an older age. In cases of instability, it is necessary to associate a ligament stabilization procedure to avoid subsequent damage to implanted cartilage. A longer follow-up and a greater number of cases are necessary to definitively establish the usefulness of this procedure that has the advantage of being completely biological but has high costs.
Outcome of Contralateral C7 Nerve Transfer in the Treatment of Total Brachial Plexus Root Avulsion Injury Patient
Authors: Jie Lao , Kaiming Gao , Xin Zhao , Yudong Gu
Published: September 2016

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the outcome of patients treated with contralateral C7 (cC7) transfer and to determine the factors that affect the outcome of this procedure. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of 73 patients with total brachial plexus root avulsion injury (BPAI) who underwent cC7 transfer was conducted. All of the surgeries were performed by 2 stages, and the pedicled ulnar nerve was the bridged nerve. The 73 patients were divided into 2 groups according to different number of the recipient nerves. In group 1 (51 patients), the cC7 nerve was used to transfer to median nerve only. The entire cC7 was used in 11 patients; the posterior division together with the lateral part of the anterior division was used to transfer to median nerve in 15 patients; and the anterior or the posterior division alone was used to transfer to median nerve in 25 patients. In group 2, the cC7 nerve was used to transfer to 2 nerves simultaneously. The entire cC7 was used to transfer to median nerve and biceps branch in 12 patients and to median nerve and triceps branch in 10 patients. The mean follow-up period was 7.3 years. Results: The efficient of these 73 patients was 54.8% in wrist and finger flexor, 57.5% in median nerve area sensation, 66.7% in the elbow flexor, and 20% in the elbow extensor. The patients with entire cC7 root transfer achieved significantly better recovery than the patients with partial cC7 root transfer. The best function recovery could be induced if the interval between 2 stages was 4 to 8 months. Functional recovery of biceps branch was significantly better than that of triceps branch. Conclusion: Contralateral C7 transfer is an effective procedure in treating total BPAI patients. If transferred to single nerve, the entire C7 root transfer can obtain significantly better recovery, and we emphasize using the entire root as the donor. The optimal interval between 2 surgery stages is 4 to 8 months. If transferred to 2 nerves, the 2 recipient nerves should be collaborative in motor function.
Elbow Flexion Reconstruction by End-to-Side Neurorrhaphy in Phrenic Nerve Transfer
Authors: Zheng Mou-Xiong , Xu Wen-Dong , Shen Yun-Dong , Xu Jian-Guang , Gu Yu-Dong
Published: September 2016

Purpose: Phrenic nerve transfer (PNT) has proven to be an effective approach for the treatment of brachial plexus avulsion injuries (BPAI). But there have been major concerns about the possibility of deterioration of the pulmonary and diaphragm functions after PNT. In the current study, we performed end-to-side neurorrhaphy in PNT for BPAI patients while minimizing the potential damage to the diaphragm function. We prospectively assessed the efficacy of end-to-side neurorrhaphy for PNT in reconstructing the elbow flexion by regenerating the anterior division of the upper trunk (ADUT) or the musculocutaneous nerve (McN) in a series of 5 patients. Methods: From January to June 2008, 5 patients with BPAI underwent PNT with an end-to-side fashion, to regenerate the ADUT (3 patients) or the McN (2 patients). The operative delay after injury was from 1 to 6 months (mean, 2.5 months). The follow-up duration was 24 months. The regeneration outcomes of ADUT or McN were evaluated with an electromyography (EMG) test. The recovery of elbow flexion power was recorded according to the British Medical Research Council (MRC) grading system. Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) were used to assess the respiratory function. Chest fluoroscopy and phrenic nerve conduction studies were performed in the evaluation of phrenic nerve and diaphragm functions. Results: At the final visits after 2 years, all patients regained various degrees of biceps strength (M4 in 2 patients, M3 in 1 patient, M2 in 1 patient, and M1 in 1 patient). At 24 months after surgery, the average prolongation of latency of PN was 2.88 seconds, and the average decrease in amplitude from before the operation was 32.4%. The diaphragm function and PFTs were normal in all patients. Conclusions: PNT with end-to-side neurorrhaphy could provide functional biceps recovery in a majority of patients, with preservation of donor nerve function.
Lower Trapezius Transfer to Improve External Shoulder Rotation in Patients With Brachial Plexus Injury
Authors: Crepaldi Bruno Eiras , de Rezende Marcelo Rosa , Neto José Queiroz Lima , Júnior Rames Mattar , dos Santos Scarcella Daniele
Published: September 2016

Introduction: Adult brachial plexus injury is characterized by many complex problems and remains a dilemma to a reconstructive micro-surgeon. The majority of reported papers focus to improve or restore shoulder abduction. Attempts to improve external rotation through tendon transfer has been reported earlier only in the pediatric population. Recently, a novel technique of lower trapezius transfer to improve shoulder external rotation in the adult patients with brachial plexus injury has been reported with encouraging results. Objective: First, we aimed to compare the shoulder external rotation improvement through the lower trapezius transfer. Second, we evaluated the increase in shoulder and elbow joint motion, the transfer impact related to life quality, and muscle strength. Materials and Methods: At our institution, between 2011 and 2013, 10 lower trapezius transfers were performed. All patients were evaluated by means of Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and shoulder and elbow arc of movement goniometry, and they were classified according to Mallet (evaluation of function and arm appearance) and Lovett Scale (muscle strength grading). Results: Mean follow-up time was 6 months. There was a significant improvement in shoulder active flexion ( P = .046) and abduction ( P = .026), and external rotation improvement of 17° on active motion and 14° on passive one. In terms of shoulder abduction, the mean upsurge was 13° to active motion and 14° to passive. DASH score showed statistically significant improvement ( P = .008). Discussion and Conclusion: The main indication of lower trapezius transfer is the complete loss of shoulder external rotation in patients with brachial plexus or other neurologic injuries. This study showed an improvement in shoulder flexion and abduction, which have an impact on life quality measured by DASH score. Having seen that, we strongly believe that lower trapezius transfers could be performed to improve the shoulder stability and as a consequence, improve patient’s life quality.
Naturally Occurring Changes in Estradiol Concentrations in the Menopause Transition Predict Morning Cortisol and Negative Mood in Perimenopausal Depression
Authors: Gordon Jennifer L. , Eisenlohr-Moul Tory A. , Rubinow David R. , Schrubbe Leah , Girdler Susan S.
Published: September 2016

Risk of depression increases considerably during the menopause transition (or perimenopause)—the 5 to 6 years surrounding the last menstrual period. Although the mechanisms underlying this increased risk are unknown, we have hypothesized that excessive estradiol (E2) fluctuation, which accompanies the perimenopause, may be implicated. We have furthermore proposed that dysregulation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis may underlie E2 fluctuation’s effect on mood. This study examined the relationship between weekly changes in salivary E2, salivary cortisol levels, and weekly mood in 30 perimenopausal women recruited to achieve equal numbers of women with current depression, past depression, and no history of depression. Greater weekly increases in E2 were associated with increased cortisol among past and currently depressed women; greater E2 increases were also associated with negative mood among currently depressed women. These findings provide evidence that HPA axis dysregulation, correlated with E2 fluctuation, may be implicated in the pathophysiology of perimenopausal depression.
Respiratory infection rates differ between geographically distant paediatric cystic fibrosis cohorts
Authors: Ramsey Kathryn A. , Hart Emily , Turkovic Lidija , Padros-Goossens Marc , Stick Stephen M. , Ranganathan Sarath C.
Published: September 2016

Respiratory infections are a major cause of pulmonary decline in children with cystic fibrosis (CF). We compared the prevalence of infection in early life at geographically distant CF treatment centres participating in the same surveillance programme in Australia.

Lower airway microbiology, inflammation and structural lung disease at annual review were evaluated for 260 children 0–8 years old with CF at 1032 visits to CF treatment centres in Melbourne or Perth.

Melbourne patients were more likely to be culture-positive for common respiratory pathogens at all age groups (odds ratio (OR) 1.85, 95% CI 1.33–2.58). Subjects <2 years old in Melbourne were also more likely to have neutrophil elastase present (OR 3.11, 95% CI 1.62–5.95). Bronchiectasis (OR 2.02, 95% CI 1.21–3.38) and air trapping (OR 2.53, 95% CI 1.42–4.51) in subjects 2–5 years old was more common in Melbourne subjects. The severity of structural lung disease was also worse in Melbourne patients >5 years old. Patients at both centres had a similar rate of hospitalisations and prescribed antibiotics.

No procedural differences were identified that could explain the disparity between pathogen prevalence. Geographical differences in early acquisition of infection may contribute to variability in outcomes between CF centres.
Information systems for mental health in six low and middle income countries: cross country situation analysis
Authors: Upadhaya Nawaraj , Jordans Mark J. D. , Abdulmalik Jibril , Ahuja Shalini , Alem Atalay , Hanlon Charlotte , Kigozi Fred , Kizza Dorothy , Lund Crick , Semrau Maya , Shidhaye Rahul , Thornicroft Graham , Komproe Ivan H. , Gureje Oye
Published: September 2016

Background

Research on information systems for mental health in low and middle income countries (LMICs) is scarce. As a result, there is a lack of reliable information on mental health service needs, treatment coverage and the quality of services provided.

Methods

With the aim of informing the development and implementation of a mental health information sub-system that includes reliable and measurable indicators on mental health within the Health Management Information Systems (HMIS), a cross-country situation analysis of HMIS was conducted in six LMICs (Ethiopia, India, Nepal, Nigeria, South Africa and Uganda), participating in the ‘Emerging mental health systems in low and middle income countries’ (Emerald) research programme. A situation analysis tool was developed to obtain and chart information from documents in the public domain. In circumstances when information was inadequate, key government officials were contacted to verify the data collected. In this paper we compare the baseline policy context, human resources situation as well as the processes and mechanisms of collecting, verifying, reporting and disseminating mental health related HMIS data.

Results

The findings suggest that countries face substantial policy, human resource and health governance challenges for mental health HMIS, many of which are common across sites. In particular, the specific policies and plans for the governance and implementation of mental health data collection, reporting and dissemination are absent. Across sites there is inadequate infrastructure, few HMIS experts, and inadequate technical support and supervision to junior staff, particularly in the area of mental health. Nonetheless there are also strengths in existing HMIS where a few mental health morbidity, mortality, and system level indicators are collected and reported.

Conclusions

Our study indicates the need for greater technical and resources input to strengthen routine HMIS and develop standardized HMIS indicators for mental health, focusing in particular on indicators of coverage and quality to facilitate the implementation of the WHO mental health action plan 2013–2020.
RETRACTED ARTICLE: TLE3 represses colorectal cancer proliferation by inhibiting MAPK and AKT signaling pathways
Authors: Yang Run-Wei , Zeng Ying-Yue , Wei Wen-Ting , Cui Yan-Mei , Sun Hui-Ying , Cai Yue-Long , Nian Xin-Xin , Hu Yun-Teng , Quan Yu-Ping , Jiang Sheng-Lu , Wang Meng , Zhao Ya-Li , Qiu Jun-Feng , Li Ming-Xuan , Zhang Jia-Huan , He Mei-Rong , Liang Li , Ding Yan-Qing , Liao Wen-Ting
Published: September 2016

Background

Transducin-like enhancer of Split3 (TLE3) serves as a transcriptional corepressor during cell differentiation and shows multiple roles in different kinds of cancers. Recently, TLE3 together with many other genes involved in Wnt/β-catenin pathway were detected hyper-methylated in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, the potential role and the underlying mechanism of TLE3 in CRC progression remain scarce.

Methods

Gene expression profiles were analyzed in The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) microarray dataset of 41 normal colorectal intestine tissues and 465 CRC tissues. Western blot and Real-time Quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) were respectively performed to detect protein and mRNA expression in 8 pairs of CRC tissue and matched adjacent normal mucosa. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was conducted to evaluate TLE3 protein expression in 105 paraffin-embedded, archived human CRC tissues from patients, whose survival data were analyzed with Kaplan-Meier method. In vitro experiments including MTT assay, colony formation assay, and soft agar formation assay were used to investigate the effects of TLE3 on CRC cell growth and proliferation. Additionally, subcutaneous tumorigenesis assay was performed in nude mice to confirm the effects of TLE3 in vivo. Furthermore, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) was run to explore potential mechanism of TLE3 in CRC, and then we measured the distribution of CRC cell cycle phases and apoptosis by flow cytometry, as well as the impacts of TLE3 on MAPK and AKT signaling pathways by Western blot and RT-qPCR.

Results

TLE3 was significantly down-regulated in 465 CRC tissues compared with 41 normal tissues. Both protein and mRNA expressions of TLE3 were down-regulated in CRC compared with matched adjacent normal mucosa. Lower expression of TLE3 was significantly associated with poorer survival of patients with CRC. Besides, knock down of TLE3 promoted CRC cell growth and proliferation, while overexpression of TLE3 showed suppressive effects. Furthermore, overexpression of TLE3 caused G1-S phase transition arrest, inhibition of MAPK and AKT pathways, and up-regulation of p21Cip1/WAF1 and p27Kip1.

Conclusion

This study indicated that TLE3 repressed CRC proliferation partly through inhibition of MAPK and AKT signaling pathways, suggesting the possibility of TLE3 as a biomarker for CRC prognosis.
Evaluation of a channel assignment scheme in mobile network systems
Authors: Nurelmadina Nahla , Nafea Ibtehal , Younas Muhammad
Published: September 2016

The channel assignment problem is a complex problem which requires that under certain constraints a minimum number of channels have to be assigned to mobile calls in the wireless mobile system. In this paper, we propose a new scheme, which is based on double band frequency and channel borrowing strategy. The proposed scheme takes into account factors such as limited bandwidth of wireless networks and the capacity of underlying servers involved in processing mobile calls. It aims to ensure end-to-end performance by considering the characteristics of mobile devices. This is achieved by determining the position of users (or mobile stations) in wireless mobile systems. The proposed scheme is simulated in order to investigate its efficiency within a specific area of a large city in Saudi Arabia. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed scheme significantly improves the performance of mobile calls as well as reduces the blocking when the number of mobile call increases.
Stable geographic forwarding with link lifetime prediction in mobile adhoc networks for battlefield environment
Authors: Jaiswal Priyanka , Sinha Adwitiya
Published: September 2016

Mobile adhoc network (MANET) is one of the most relevant areas of research in wireless communication that has gained prevalence due to its diversity over large-scale highly mobile networks to small-scale networks having low mobility and power constraints. Adhoc networks are inherently envisioned to be highly vulnerable to dynamic changes because of mobile sensor nodes. Node mobility often results in breakage of communication links, thereby introducing additional overhead for establishing new routes and transmitting table updates, further causing rapid exhaustion of energy reserve. Especially in military applications, preventing communication disruptions is an important security concern for defence applications engaged in safeguarding national boundaries. This necessitates the need for efficient routing strategy for battlefield environments susceptible to frequent link failures due to random mobility of groups/individuals. In this regard, we have proposed an efficient stable geographic forwarding with link-lifetime prediction (SGFL) that utilizes the broadcast nature of wireless channel and multicasts with node mobility. During the next hop selection process, a node preferably selects the neighbours which are at the least distance from the destination with low mobility. Unlike position based opportunistic routing, our scheme allows selection of backup node that lies within the transmission range of selected neighbours. Link lifetime prediction with backup nodes enhances efficiency and reliability of routing in highly mobile and congested adhoc networks. Simulation results show that our proposed SGFL achieves better performance than existing counterparts in terms of packet delivery ratio, packet loss and end-to-end delay under high node density as well as increased traffic flow.
Permanent draft genome of Thermithiobacillus tepidarius DSM 3134T, a moderately thermophilic, obligately chemolithoautotrophic member of the Acidithiobacillia
Authors: Boden Rich , Hutt Lee P. , Huntemann Marcel , Clum Alicia , Pillay Manoj , Palaniappan Krishnaveni , Varghese Neha , Mikhailova Natalia , Stamatis Dimitrios , Reddy Tatiparthi , Ngan Chew Yee , Daum Chris , Shapiro Nicole , Markowitz Victor , Ivanova Natalia , Woyke Tanja , Kyrpides Nikos
Published: September 2016

Thermithiobacillus tepidarius DSM 3134T was originally isolated (1983) from the waters of a sulfidic spring entering the Roman Baths (Temple of Sulis-Minerva) at Bath, United Kingdom and is an obligate chemolithoautotroph growing at the expense of reduced sulfur species. This strain has a genome size of 2,958,498 bp. Here we report the genome sequence, annotation and characteristics. The genome comprises 2,902 protein coding and 66 RNA coding genes. Genes responsible for the transaldolase variant of the Calvin-Benson-Bassham cycle were identified along with a biosynthetic horseshoe in lieu of Krebs’ cycle sensu stricto. Terminal oxidases were identified, viz. cytochrome c oxidase (cbb3, EC 1.9.3.1) and ubiquinol oxidase (bd, EC 1.10.3.10). Metalloresistance genes involved in pathways of arsenic and cadmium resistance were found. Evidence of horizontal gene transfer accounting for 5.9 % of the protein-coding genes was found, including transfer from Thiobacillus spp. and Methylococcus capsulatus Bath, isolated from the same spring. A sox gene cluster was found, similar in structure to those from other Acidithiobacillia – by comparison with Thiobacillus thioparus and Paracoccus denitrificans, an additional gene between soxA and soxB was found, annotated as a DUF302-family protein of unknown function. As the Kelly-Friedrich pathway of thiosulfate oxidation (encoded by sox) is not used in Thermithiobacillus spp., the role of the operon (if any) in this species remains unknown. We speculate that DUF302 and sox genes may have a role in periplasmic trithionate oxidation.
Glutamine metabolism and its effects on immune response: molecular mechanism and gene expression
Authors: de Oliveira Dalila Cunha , da Silva Lima Fabiana , Sartori Talita , Santos Andressa Cristina Antunes , Rogero Marcelo Macedo , Fock Ricardo Ambrosio
Published: September 2016

This article aims to review glutamine metabolism and its effects on the immune response. Selected topics are addressed, particularly the effect of glutamine on cell survival and proliferation, as well as its importance in some biochemical pathways. The impact of glutamine on muscle, intestine, and liver metabolism are described, and a special section about glutamine regulation of the immune response is included. In this context, the modulation of glutamine on relevant signaling pathways as nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kB), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), and heat shock protein and the influence of this amino acid on cell migration and adhesion molecules are highlighted. Some important immune response pathways modulated by glutamine were described as its action in critically ill patients. In summary, this review describes some important actions of glutamine, and a range of reactions and modulatory effects in different organs, which may inform new therapeutic strategies. However, further studies are necessary to provide information about glutamine use, especially about situations in which it can be better used as well as fine-tuning dose and administration.
The radiator-enhanced geothermal system: Benefits of emulating a natural hydrothermal system
Authors: Hilpert Markus , Marsh Bruce D. , Geiser Peter
Published: September 2016

We have developed a novel enhanced geothermal system (EGS) called radiator EGS (RAD-EGS). This system attempts to emulate naturally occurring hydrothermal systems by creating a vertically oriented heat exchanger or vane in the deep subsurface, mimicking a radiator in an internal combustion engine. Water is injected at the bottom of the vane and produced on the top. We propose to build the RAD-EGS in hot sedimentary aquifers (HSAs) with high-permeability vane(s) created in the plane defined by [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (vertical). We have evaluated 3D heat-transfer simulations to better understand the fluid and heat flows that may occur in RAD-EGSs. The simulations account for subsurface heterogeneity including the presence of underlying basement rock, an overlying confining layer, and an ambient hydraulic gradient, which causes background groundwater flow. Our simulations indicate that our induced upward flow in the vane significantly prolongs the lifetime of RAD-EGS when compared with downward flow because hydraulic short circuiting is avoided. Within the vane, convection may occur, and its onset is analyzed in terms of a characteristic Rayleigh number. A critical aspect of RAD-EGS, therefore, is that thermal recharge does not rely solely on heat conduction from the surrounding wall rock, which is typical for EGS built in hot dry rock (HDR). Instead, recharge is also due to heat advection through the surrounding water-saturated aquifer, substantially prolonging the lifetime of the thermal reservoir. Moreover, fluid losses as typical for EGS built in HDR do not occur. It is also possible that cold water injected at the bottom of the vane may sink into deeper rock layers, which displaces hot water from the surrounding aquifer into the RAD-EGS. We suggest that mimicking a natural hydrothermal system is a successful EGS strategy via RAD-EGS.
An X-ray Spectroscopic Study of Co–Fe-Based Prussian Blue Analog Gels
Authors: Hayashi Hisashi , Abe Hitoshi
Published: September 2016

We performed time-resolved X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and position-dependent X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) spectroscopy on gels containing Co2+ and [Fe(CN)6]4−/[Fe(CN)6]3− ions. Sample tubes containing an agar gel mixed with 0.10 M CoCl2 solution and a water-glass gel mixed with 0.05 M K3[Fe(CN)6]/K4[Fe(CN)6] solution were prepared for the analyses. Dark-purple continuous (DPC) bands were observed in the water-glass gel of the two tubes. XRF results demonstrated that the DPC bands contained diffusive Co–Fe complexes. XANES results indicated that the Fe and Co local structures in the DPC bands were independent of the initial Fe oxidation states in [Fe(CN)6] and the measurement positions. It was found that the Fe local structure of the DPC bands was predominantly [Fe(CN)6]. The real-space multiple scattering calculations using FEFF 8.02 code suggested that Co–Fe-based Prussian blue analogs, of which the most likely local structure is Co(OC)4(NCFe)2, co-existed with [Co(H2O)6]2+ ions in the DPC bands.
A Life with Light, Statistics and Differintegrals
Authors: Uozumi Jun
Published: September 2016

In this issue we also continue our custom of inviting the winner of the JCNIR Award to contribute an overview of his or her research interests in near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. Dr Jun Uozumi is the winner of 2016 JCNIR award. The award is made annually by the Japan Council for Near Infrared Spectroscopy (JCNIRS) on the basis of the contribution of an individual to NIR research in Japan and the whole Asian continent. The award ceremony will be held on 1 December 2016 at the 5th Asian NIR Symposium (joint event with the 32nd Japanese NIR Forum) in Kagoshima city, Japan.
Orthogonal Projections in the Row and the Column Spaces
Authors: Roger J.M.
Published: September 2016

It is a long-standing convention of NIR news that we publish a modified version of the Tomas Hirschfeld Award lecture soon after the award has taken place. In 2016, the Hirschfeld Award was made to Jean-Michel Roger (IRSTEA, France) someone who is well-known within the near infrared community as a chemometrician of note and who has made very many contributions to the advancement in our understanding of data analysis and both quantitative and qualitative prediction techniques. It is our pleasure to reproduce below a summary of Jean-Michel's lecture delivered in Chambersburg at the IDRC event in August of this year.
New near Infrared Team in Hungary
Authors: Bazar George , Kovacs Zoltan
Published: September 2016

George and Zoltan, two Hungarian near infrared (NIR) fellows with years of international experience have been working together since 2013, and their cooperation has led to several publications and broadening international collaborations. In this issue they give a short summary of their works, which will be followed by a technical article in a future issue.
Terrestrial Carbon Cycle Variability
Authors: Baldocchi Dennis , Ryu Youngryel , Keenan Trevor
Published: September 2016

A growing literature is reporting on how the terrestrial carbon cycle is experiencing year-to-year variability because of climate anomalies and trends caused by global change. As CO2 concentration records in the atmosphere exceed 50 years and as satellite records reach over 30 years in length, we are becoming better able to address carbon cycle variability and trends. Here we review how variable the carbon cycle is, how large the trends in its gross and net fluxes are, and how well the signal can be separated from noise. We explore mechanisms that explain year-to-year variability and trends by deconstructing the global carbon budget.

The CO2 concentration record is detecting a significant increase in the seasonal amplitude between 1958 and now. Inferential methods provide a variety of explanations for this result, but a conclusive attribution remains elusive. Scientists have reported that this trend is a consequence of the greening of the biosphere, stronger northern latitude photosynthesis, more photosynthesis by semi-arid ecosystems, agriculture and the green revolution, tropical temperature anomalies, or increased winter respiration.

At the global scale, variability in the terrestrial carbon cycle can be due to changes in constituent fluxes, gross primary productivity, plant respiration and heterotrophic (microbial) respiration, and losses due to fire, land use change, soil erosion, or harvesting. It remains controversial whether or not there is a significant trend in global primary productivity (due to rising CO2, temperature, nitrogen deposition, changing land use, and preponderance of wet and dry regions). The degree to which year-to-year variability in temperature and precipitation anomalies affect global primary productivity also remains uncertain. For perspective, interannual variability in global gross primary productivity is relatively small (on the order of 2 Pg-C y-1) with respect to a large and uncertain background (123 +/- 4 Pg-C y-1), and detected trends in global primary productivity are even smaller (33 Tg-C y-2). Yet residual carbon balance methods infer that the terrestrial biosphere is experiencing a significant and growing carbon sink. Possible explanations for this large and growing net land sink include roles of land use change and greening of the land, regional enhancement of photosynthesis, and down regulation of plant and soil respiration with warming temperatures. Longer time series of variables needed to provide top-down and bottom-up assessments of the carbon cycle are needed to resolve these pressing and unresolved issues regarding how, why, and at what rates gross and net carbon fluxes are changing.
Development of a clinical algorithm for treating urethral strictures based on a large retrospective single-center cohort
Authors: Tolkach Yuri , Herrmann Thomas , Merseburger Axel , Burchardt Martin , Wolters Mathias , Huusmann Stefan , Kramer Mario , Kuczyk Markus , Imkamp Florian
Published: September 2016

Aim

To analyze clinical data from male patients treated with urethrotomy and to develop a clinical decision algorithm.

Materials and methods

Two large cohorts of male patients with urethral strictures were included in this retrospective study, historical (1985-1995, n=491) and modern cohorts (1996-2006, n=470). All patients were treated with repeated internal urethrotomies (up to 9 sessions). Clinical outcomes were analyzed and systemized as a clinical decision algorithm.

Results

The overall recurrence rates after the first urethrotomy were 32.4% and 23% in the historical and modern cohorts, respectively. In many patients, the second procedure was also effective with the third procedure also feasible in selected patients. The strictures with a length ≤ 2 cm should be treated according to the initial length. In patients with strictures ≤ 1 cm, the second session could be recommended in all patients, but not with penile strictures, strictures related to transurethral operations or for patients who were 31-50 years of age. The third session could be effective in selected cases of idiopathic bulbar strictures. For strictures with a length of 1-2 cm, a second operation is possible for the solitary low-grade bulbar strictures, given that the age is > 50 years and the etiology is not post-transurethral resection of the prostate. For penile strictures that are 1-2 cm, urethrotomy could be attempted in solitary but not in high-grade strictures.

Conclusions

We present data on the treatment of urethral strictures with urethrotomy from a single center. Based on the analysis, a clinical decision algorithm was suggested, which could be a reliable basis for everyday clinical practice.