bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Substrate binding to Src: A new perspective on tyrosine kinase substrate recognition from NMR and molecular dynamics
Authors: Joshi Mehul K. , Burton Robert A. , Wu Heng , Lipchik Andrew M. , Craddock Barbara P. , Mo Huaping , Parker Laurie L. , Miller W. Todd , Post Carol Beth
Published: November 2019

Most signal transduction pathways in humans are regulated by protein kinases through phosphorylation of their protein substrates. Typical eukaryotic protein kinases are of two major types: those that phosphorylate‐specific sequences containing tyrosine (~90 kinases) and those that phosphorylate either serine or threonine (~395 kinases). The highly conserved catalytic domain of protein kinases comprises a smaller N lobe and a larger C lobe separated by a cleft region lined by the activation loop. Prior studies find that protein tyrosine kinases recognize peptide substrates by binding the polypeptide chain along the C‐lobe on one side of the activation loop, while serine/threonine kinases bind their substrates in the cleft and on the side of the activation loop opposite to that of the tyrosine kinases. Substrate binding structural studies have been limited to four families of the tyrosine kinase group, and did not include Src tyrosine kinases. We examined peptide‐substrate binding to Src using paramagnetic‐relaxation‐enhancement NMR combined with molecular dynamics simulations. The results suggest Src tyrosine kinase can bind substrate positioning residues C‐terminal to the phosphoacceptor residue in an orientation similar to serine/threonine kinases, and unlike other tyrosine kinases. Mutagenesis corroborates this new perspective on tyrosine kinase substrate recognition. Rather than an evolutionary split between tyrosine and serine/threonine kinases, a change in substrate recognition may have occurred within the TK group of the human kinome. Protein tyrosine kinases have long been therapeutic targets, but many marketed drugs have deleterious off‐target effects. More accurate knowledge of substrate interactions of tyrosine kinases has the potential for improving drug selectivity.
Resistance risk assessment for Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen, a new succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor
Authors: Sun Hai‐Yan , Cui Jia‐he , Tian Bao‐hua , Cao Shu‐lin , Zhang Xiang‐xiang , Chen Huai‐Gu
Published: November 2019

Background

Pydiflumetofen is a new generation succinate dehydrogenase inhibitor currently undergoing the process of registration in China for the control of Fusarium head blight in wheat. A resistance risk assessment of Fusarium graminearum to pydiflumetofen was undertaken in this study.

Results

A total of 75 pydiflumetofen‐resistant mutants were generated through spontaneous selection and displayed high resistance with an average resistance factor (RF) value of 78. Four mutants were generated through UV mutagenesis and displayed very high resistance with an RF value >1000. The sequence analysis results for Sdh genes and fitness studies revealed the existence of four types of mutations. In particular, 32 spontaneous selection mutants (SP mutants) had an arginine (R) to histidine (H) transition at position 86 in FGSdhC, resulting in seriously reduced fitness. Seven SP mutants had an R to cysteine (C) transition at position 86 in FGSdhC, resulting in reduced fitness. Thirty‐six SP mutants had an alanine (A) to valine (V) transition at position 83 in FGSdhC and had no fitness penalties. The efficacy of pydiflumetofen towards a mutant carrying A83V in FGSdhC in vivo was significantly decreased at 42.7%. Four UV mutants had no mutations on all Sdh genes and no fitness penalties. Cross‐resistance among boscalid, fluopyram and pydiflumetofen was observed.

Conclusion

Sdhc mutations were found and other target site resistance may be present in laboratory PR mutants of F. graminearum. An overall moderate risk of resistance development in F. graminearum was recommended for pydiflumetofen. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry
Bronchial artery laceration and haemothorax complicating transbronchial needle aspiration
Authors: Grier William , Kalchiem‐Dekel Or , Jeudy Jean , Holden Van , Sachdeva Ashutosh , Pickering Edward
Published: November 2019

A 74‐year‐old woman presented with chest pain and dyspnoea following endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)‐guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) for presumed malignancy. Computed tomography angiography revealed a left‐sided pleural effusion with hypertrophied and tortuous bronchial arteries (BAs) with contrast blush into the left lung hilum. Tube thoracostomy and pleural fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis of haemothorax. The mechanism of injury was determined to be BA laceration during EBUS‐TBNA and drainage led to rapid improvement in the patient's symptoms. This is the first reported case of haemothorax due to BA injury during EBUS‐TBNA.
Antimicrobial Activity of Composite Consisting of Cellulose Nanofibers and Silver Nanoparticles
Authors: Limaye Mukta V. , Gupta Varun , Singh Shashi B. , Paik Gyan Ranjan , Singh Prabhat
Published: November 2019

In this work influence of silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on cellulose nanofibers (CNF) was investigated. Free standing composite films of CNF/ polyvinylalcohol (PVA) ‐ Ag NPs have been synthesized by ex‐situ method. Composite films with different Ag NPs content (1%, 10% and 20%) were obtained and characterized by various techniques such as UV‐visible absorption spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Infrared (IR) spectroscopy and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). A UV‐vis absorption spectroscopy study demonstrates that as Ag NPs content increases the optical transparency decreases. The FESEM studies of the composite films revealed the presence of Ag NPs with average size ∼ 20 nm. Infrared spectroscopy illustrates that the CNF/PVA and Ag NPs are bound through electrostatic interactions. Comparison of the thermal properties of the CNF/PVA and the CNF/PVA ‐ Ag composite films showed that the thermal stability is improved for the highest Ag content composite films. It is shown that the CNF/PVA ‐ Ag composites have potential antibacterial effects against Gram‐positive bacteria (Bacillus subtilis) and Gram‐negative bacteria (Escherichia coli).
Synthesis, Anticancer Evaluation and DNA‐Binding Spectroscopic Insights of Quinoline‐Based 1,3,4‐Oxadiazole‐1,2,3‐triazole Conjugates
Authors: Shamsi Farheen , Aneja Babita , Hasan Phool , Zeya Bushra , Zafaryab M , Mehdi Syed Hassan , Rizvi M. Moshahid Alam , Patel Rajan , Rana Sandeep , Abid Mohammad
Published: November 2019

The present work involves a pharmacophore hybridization strategy to combine key biologically active scaffolds. The study led to the synthesis of quinoline based oxadiazole‐triazole conjugates with favorable physicochemical properties as anti‐cancer agents. Among the synthesized compounds 8(a–p), in vitro screening against a panel of four cancer cell lines identified compound 8k, with o‐chloro substitution on the phenyl ring, as potent against human lung carcinoma (A‐549) cells (IC50 =5.6 μM), while showing no significant cytotoxicity upto 200 μM concentration in normal cells. Compound 8 k with o‐chloro substitution induced nuclear morphological changes in A‐549 cells as visualized by DAPI (4,6‐diamidino‐2‐phenylindole) and was shown to bind firmly with A−T rich region in DNA. Changes in DNA topology studied through gel electrophoresis and groove mode of binding to ct‐DNA through multi‐spectroscopic techniques were observed, further validated by molecular docking studies. Overall, the study illustrates successful hybridization strategy leading to compound 8 k as promising anticancer agent for further structural optimization and biological evaluation.
Monodispersed Zerovalent Iron Nanoparticles Decorated Carbon Submicrospheres for Enhanced Removal of DDT from Aqueous Solutions
Authors: Kang Shenghong , Wang Guozhong , Wang Zhaoming , Cai Weiping
Published: November 2019

A simple route is presented to fabricate the nano zero‐valent iron/carbon sphere (nZVI/CSs) composites via Fe2+ ion‐adsorption and then reduction reaction on the pre‐prepared CSs. The nZVI/CSs composites with monodispersed nZVI particles are successfully fabricated. The monodispersed nZVI particles with 30–50 nm in size are uniformly decorated on the sub‐microsized CSs with about 250 nm in diameter. These nZVI/CSs composites are of enough high specific surface area (about 55.8 m2⋅g−1) and good ferromagnetism. Importantly, such nZVI/CSs have exhibited significantly stronger and faster removal performances to the organic pollutants compared with the pure nZVI and pure CSs, in addition to the easy separation from solutions. Typically, in the DDT [or 1,1,1‐trichloro‐2, 2‐bis(4‐chlorophenyl)ethane] aqueous solution with 10 ppm, more than 95% of DDT content can be removed within 140 min after adding 1.0 g⋅L−1 nZVI/CSs. The capacity of removal is up to 15.6 mg⋅g−1, remarkably larger than the previously reported one (2.5 mg⋅g−1) by carbon nanotubes. This is attributed to the synergistic effects from the CSs’ high adsorptivity and nZVI's strong reducibility. This study not only provides a new candidate material for the treatment of the DDT‐polluted environments, but also deepens understanding the process of DDT removal.
Chiral Induction on the Ultrafast Event of Excited State Proton Transfer Can Probe Its Mechanism
Authors: Ghosh Pratyush , Das Aritra , Sen Pratik
Published: November 2019

When protonic motion is explained as a purely quantum mechanical phenomenon, two extreme situations can be visualized as either the adiabatic or the nonadiabatic limit of proton transfer (PT). Strong orbital coupling between the donor and the acceptor pair in the proton transfer step drives PT mechanism in the adiabatic limit whereas in nonadiabatic limit PT predominantly occurs through tunneling. Here we proposed a unique way to experimentally observe the adiabaticity of PT by introducing chirality in the reaction coordinate of excited state proton transfer (ESPT). We successfully established the existence of prominent role of diastereomerism in the ESPT by both steady state and femtosecond time‐resolved transient absorption spectroscopic measurements in the adiabatic limit. The presented novel approach can overcome the limitations of only available experimental technique, i. e. kinetic isotope effect, to elucidate proton transfer mechanism.
Are “Education Lotteries” Less Regressive? Evidence from Texas
Authors: Carruthers Celeste K. , Smith Kara D.
Published: November 2019

With little exception, research has shown that state‐sponsored lotteries are regressive in the aggregate, in that lottery sales do not increase proportionately with area income. We test whether the purpose of lottery revenues mitigates this spatial regressivity. In August of 1997, the statutory earmark for Texas Lottery proceeds moved from the General Fund to the Foundation School Fund, which supports K‐12 education. Beginning in 2000, the lottery was increasingly marketed as a funding stream for public schools. Drawing on a content analysis of lottery commission press releases from 1993 to 2006, we find that Instant game sales were modestly responsive to education messaging, in that sales became noticeably less regressive in the wake of more intense reminders of the education component of the state lottery. It is likely that unobserved heterogeneity in local sales factors played a much bigger role than education marketing.
Solution‐Processable 2D α‐In2Se3 as an Efficient Hole Transport Layer for High‐Performance and Stable Polymer Solar Cells
Authors: Wang Jianming , Yu Huangzhong , Hou Chunli , Zhang Jiang
Published: November 2019

Herein, a 2D α‐In2Se3 nanosheet, a binary III–VI group compound semiconductor, is fabricated by liquid‐phase exfoliation method, and the photoelectric properties of α‐In2Se3 material are investigated in depth. It is found that α‐In2Se3 film exhibits significant conductivity, outstanding optical transmission, and a suitable work function. Combined with its smooth surface and preferable hydrophobicity, α‐In2Se3 film can efficiently facilitate hole transporting in the polymer solar cells (PSCs). Due to the aforesaid advantages, a 2D α‐In2Se3 nanosheet is used as a hole transport layer (HTL) in conventional PSCs for the first time, and a relatively high power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.58% is achieved with the structure of ITO/α‐In2Se3/PBDB‐T:ITIC/Ca/Al, which is comparable with poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)‐based devices (9.50%). Interestingly, it is demonstrated that the α‐In2Se3 film possesses excellent thermal stability in the range from room temperature to 280 °C, and a PCE of 9.35% is achieved without annealing treatment of α‐In2Se3 film, which exhibits a great potential of α‐In2Se3 for an annealing‐free approach. Furthermore, the incorporation of α‐In2Se3 HTL also remarkably enhances the long‐term stability of PSCs compared with PEDOT:PSS‐based devices. So, the results show that 2D α‐In2Se3 is a promising candidate to be an efficient and stable hole‐extraction layer.
Kranbahnen im Baubestand: Bewertung, Ertüchtigung, Weiternutzung
Authors: Seeßelberg Christoph
Published: November 2019

Mehr als 40 % der neuen Kranbrücken werden auf Bestandskranbahnen gestellt, die schon mehrere Jahrzehnte alt sein können. Nach der Feststellung des Zustands der Kranbahn kann der Tragwerksplaner dem Bauherrn einen Vorschlag machen, welche Lösung angeraten ist: Sanierung und Weiternutzung der alten Kranbahn oder deren Neubau. Im ersten Fall gilt es, die Kranbahnen für eine künftig gleiche oder veränderte Nutzung zu ertüchtigen. Die Probleme können dabei in einer für die geplante Nutzung zu geringen statischen Tragfähigkeit der Bestandskranbahn liegen und/oder in deren irreversibler ermüdungsmäßiger Vorschädigung. Zunächst werden Optionen vorgestellt, mit denen die Tragfähigkeit der Träger verbessert werden kann. Alternativ lassen sich durch Verzicht auf standardmäßig vorgesehene, möglicherweise aber entbehrliche Betriebsmanöver der Krane die Lasten aus Kranbetrieb so reduzieren, dass die vorhandene Tragfähigkeit der Kranbahnträger ausreicht. Anschließend steht die Ermüdungssicherheit im Fokus. Bei den stets ermüdungsmäßig beanspruchten Kranbahnträgern ist das Werkstoffgefüge durch die bisherige Nutzung bereits in einem zunächst noch unbekannten Maße vorgeschädigt. Dies gilt selbst dann, wenn noch keinerlei Risse erkennbar sind. Es werden Wege aufgezeigt, um die ermüdungsmäßig mögliche Restnutzungsdauer der Bestandskranbahn abzuschätzen. Schließlich wird diskutiert, wie mit Kranbahnen umgegangen werden kann, deren ermüdungsmäßig nachweisbare Nutzungsdauer abgelaufen ist.
Redox‐Mediated Transient Reconfiguration of a Supramolecular Assembly
Authors: Dhiman Shikha , Ghosh Rita , George Subi J.
Published: November 2019

Dissipative systems, that constantly consume energy for sustenance, are ubiquitous and essential to life. In synthetic systems, the phenomenon promises emergent properties and different structure from the ones existing at thermodynamic equilibrium. It can create reconfigurable and temporally programmable life‐like smart materials. In this study, we attempt to create reconfigurable, temporally programmable self‐assembly using the redox chemistry of a core‐substituted naphthalene diimide derivative. As a result, transient reconfiguration of supramolecular assembly from vesicle to sheet along with transient fluorescence switching with fuel‐dependent lifetime is attained. We believe that such a design strategy can advance the synthesis of active, adaptive and autonomous materials.
Combining proteomics and lipid analysis to unravel Confidor stress response in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Authors: Justinić Iva , Katić Ana , Uršičić Deni , Ćurko‐Cofek Božena , Blagović Branka , Čanadi Jurešić Gordana
Published: November 2019

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a useful model for studying the influence of different stress factors on eukaryotic cells. In this work we used the pesticide imidacloprid, in the Confidor formulation, as the stress factor and analyzed its influence on the metabolic activity, proteome and lipid content and composition of Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast. During the cultivation of yeast, the lowest recommended application dose of Confidor (0.025%, v/v) was added to the growth media and its influence on the mitochondria, cytosol with microsomes, and the whole yeast cells was monitored. The results show that under the stress provoked by the toxic effects of Confidor, yeast cells density significantly decreased and the percentage of metabolically disturbed cells significantly increased comparing with untreated control. Also, there was a downregulation of majority of glycolytic, gluconeogenesis, and TCA cycle enzymes (Fba1, Adh1, Hxk2, Tal1, Tdh1,Tdh3, Eno1) thus providing enough acetyl‐CoA for the lipid restructuring and accumulation mechanism since we have found the changes in the cell and mitochondrial lipid content and FA composition. This data suggest that lipids could be the molecules that orchestrate the answer of the cells in the stress response to the Confidor treatment.
A low‐voltage pulse electrolysis method for the degradation of anthraquinone and azo dyes in chloride medium by anodic oxidation on Ti/IrO2‐RuO2‐SnO2 electrodes
Authors: Chao Hong‐Jun , Xue Dan , Jiang Wei , Li Daosheng , Hu Zhiquan , Kang Jianxiong , Liu Dongqi
Published: November 2019

Wastewater produced by the textile industry containing azo dyes and anthraquinone dyes is significant source of pollution to the environment and is toxic for aquatic life. To overcome the high‐energy cost of traditional electrochemical oxidation, a custom‐built power supply device for the degradation of anthraquinone and azo dyes by low voltage of 15.0–20.0 V pulsed discharge was investigated. Titanium coated with mixed oxide (Ti/IrO2‐RuO2‐SnO2) plates and pure titanium plates were used as the anode and cathode, respectively, for the generation of chlorine in the dye solution. For the anthraquinone dye Reactive Blue 19, 60.0% of the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 22.0% of the total organic carbon (TOC) were removed using this system. A comparison of the direct current electrolysis and pulsed discharge revealed that using the pulsed discharge method reduced the energy cost by 68.6%. UV–visible, LC‐MS, and GC‐MS were used to identify the intermediate compounds formed during the degradation of Reactive Blue 19. The results indicate that in the process of oxidation by chlorine/hypochlorite, the chromophore group was first oxidized to –NH2, followed by decolorization via chlorination of the aromatic rings. The results confirm that low‐voltage pulse electrolysis can be used for the degradation of industrial dyes in waste effluents.

Practitioner points

Low‐voltage pulse electrolysis can be used for the degradation of industrial dyes and/or dyes in waste effluents.

For anionic dye Reactive Blue 19, 60.0% of COD and 22.0% of TOC were removed using low‐voltage (20.0 V) pulse electrolysis.

The pulsed discharge method reduced the energy cost of this degradation process by 68.6% compared with direct current electrolysis.

The intermediate compounds formed during the degradation of Reactive Blue 19 were confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy, LC‐MS, and GC‐MS.
The Water‐Rich Iodidobismuthate (H3O)Rb3BiI7·4H2O
Authors: Chang Jen‐Hui , Albrecht Ralf , Doert Thomas , Ruck Michael
Published: November 2019

Red cuboid crystals of the water‐rich iodidobismuthate(III) (H3O)Rb3BiI7·4H2O crystallize from a solution of RbI and BiIO in concentrated aqueous HI at ambient conditions. X‐ray diffraction reveale an orthorhombic structure with space group Pnma (no. 62). In the crystal structure, [BiI6]3– octahedra are arranged in layers parallel to (010). Nine‐fold coordinated Rb+ and additional I– ions connect the iodidobismuthate(III) groups into a three‐dimensional framework, which hosts protonated water complexes 1∞[H11O5]+, i.e. infinite zigzag chains of hydrogen‐bonded water molecules and oxonium cations. (H3O)Rb3BiI7·4H2O decomposes in air at ambient temperature within few days, resulting in fragmentation and amorphization of the crystals. Fast and complete dehydration occurs between 50 °C and 100 °C. Hydrates like this are possible intermediates in the slow hydrolysis of bismuth‐based halide perovskites, which are currently discussed as lead‐free alternatives to the solar cell absorber material methylammonium lead triiodide (MAPI).
Asymptotic analysis of a bit brace shaped junction of thin rods
Authors: Leugering Günter , Nazarov Sergei A. , Slutskij Andrey S. , Taskinen Jari
Published: November 2019

We present a 1‐D model of a junction of five thin elastic rods forming the shape of a bit brace (hand drill), or, a crankshaft. The distinguishing feature of this junction is the existence of the so‐called movable elements, which are rods and knots requiring modifications of the classical asymptotic ansätze. These consist of constant longitudinal displacements on the edges of the skeleton of the junction and affect the transmission conditions at its nodes. We provide asymptotic formulas for the displacements, stresses and elastic energy, as well as error estimates. An exact solution of the model is given for a particular loading.
‘God Created Man αύτεξούσιον’: Grotius’s Theological Anthropology and Modern Contract Doctrine
Authors: Price Jonathan
Published: November 2019

Hugo Grotius, the seventeenth century Dutch scholar, is most famous for his contributions to modern international law, particularly the law of the free seas. Yet, he has had just as lasting an effect on the formation of modern contract doctrine, originating in the same text that produced his maritime law. Grotius instigates a change in the theological anthropology implicit in late scholastic contract doctrine by importing a radical sense of God-given, unfettered freedom. This he calls ‘natural liberty’. He thereby renders contractual freedom freer, as it is now liberated: from its divine telos as part of man’s salvation; from the constraints of moral philosophy; and from the need of any ultimate end. Yet, he does not set the will completely at liberty in its contractual relations; certain formal and moral constraints remain. But it is no longer required that, in order to be well used, contractual liberty must be busy building the New Jerusalem. For, its divine purposes are now more mundane: peace and order on earth, beginning with oneself. For the moral theologians who developed ‘freedom of contract’, our natural promissory powers, as manifested in contractual relations, were ordained as means contributing to our salvation. For Grotius, they had been reduced to the providential means of our survival.

The great sense of natural liberty that Grotius vested in the freedom of contract would eventually open the door to radical contractual liberalization of the kind that was seen in North Atlantic nations in the nineteenth century, the primary causes of which are still disputed by scholars. In this chapter I argue that modern contract doctrine has never lost its theology of the radically free will since Grotius installed it there. If true, this theology of the will does some work in explaining the persistent liberal tendency in modern law and in modern economics (albeit not in economic theory), reducing the need to resort to naturalistic, materialistic, or ideological accounts.
Economics, Agency, and Causal Explanation
Authors: Child William
Published: November 2019

The paper considers three questions. First, what is the connection between economics and agency? It is argued that causation and explanation in economics fundamentally depend on agency. So a philosophical understanding of economic explanation must be sensitive to an understanding of agency. Second, what is the connection between agency and causation? A causal view of agency-involving explanation is defended against a number of arguments from the resurgent noncausalist tradition in the literature on agency and action-explanation. If agency is fundamental to economic explanation, it is argued, then so is causation. Third, what is the connection between causal explanation and the natural sciences? It is argued that, though the explanations given in economics and other social sciences are causal explanations, they are different in kind from the causal explanations of the natural sciences. On the one hand, then, the causal explanations of the social sciences are irreducible to those found in the natural sciences. On the other hand, the causal relations described by the social sciences are not completely autonomous; they do not float free of, or operate independently from, the causal relations charted by the natural sciences.
Causation and Agency
Authors: Róna Peter
Published: November 2019

‘Causation’ covers a variety of dependent relationships between and among objects and events. The axiom concerning the unicity of reality has been thought to warrant the assumption that causal relationships of social phenomena, including economics, share common properties with corporeal objects, that, in short, agency is a form of causation. This paper defends the opposite view, to wit, that causation based on the properties and powers of corporeal objects (be they natural or man-made) is unlike causation based on agency. Whereas causation among the former is a function of the properties and powers of the objects at play, agency ‘causation’ is the product of human intentionality. Any theory of agency must account for free will even where, as in the case of rule based roles, the instantiation of free will is qualified. An agent’s action may, of course, set in motion a causal law by instantiating the properties of theobject(s)producing the intended effect (eg. pulling the trigger of a loaded gun), and the agent will be responsible for the consequences, but the discharge of the bullet is the result of the properties and powers of the gun and the bullet and not of the agent. The profound ontological difference between causation and agency cannot be overcome with resort to epistemological, logical or linguistic considerations.

In economic and social life the agent relies not on the causal properties of corporeal objects, but on her action authorised bysocial rules.The causal properties and powers of objects are fundamentally different from the causal powers of rules, because, unlike the former, the latter are designed for the achievement of an intended result and cannot operate without intentional application. The proper study of economics is not the study of the properties of objects contrived by economic theory, but the nature of purposeful human action.
Shifting the System: AASPIRE and the Loom of Science and Activism
Authors: Raymaker Dora M.
Published: November 2019

In 2006 Dora Raymaker, Autistic person and autistic rights activist, co-founded the Academic Autism Spectrum Partnership in Research and Education (AASPIRE) with Christina Nicolaidis, a physician-researcher and parent of an autistic child. AASPIRE works within the sphere of academic health and social services research to conduct projects the A/autistic community wants done. It endeavors to return power to communities that experience oppression to make their voices heard in research and policy settings. For example, its website autismandhealth.org offers resources for autistic adults, their supporters, and healthcare providers to improve the healthcare of autistic adults in the US. AASPIRE has served as a model for community-based participatory autism research, promoting the growth of participatory autism research internationally.
From Protest to Taskforce
Authors: Murray Dinah
Published: November 2019

Following the creation of APANA (‘Autistic People Against Neuroleptic Abuse,’ the creation of which is detailed in Chapter 4), Dinah Murray was called on to help deal with the unwelcome visit of Autism Speaks’ founders to Europe. The result of this second campaign was an innovative film, Something About Us, and ultimately, the creation of the UK’s National Autistic Taskforce in 2018. Thus far, it looks set to become a very active part of decision-making processes that relate to autism in the UK.
Conclusion
Authors: Kapp Steven K.
Published: November 2019

This concluding chapter summarizes and contextualizes the stories of events told by leaders of the autistic community and neurodiversity movement. The manifestos, mailing lists, websites or webpages, conferences, issue campaigns, academic project and journal, book, and advisory roles narrated by contributors have had significantly positive impacts on the autism landscape. Yet the contributors told their stories through words, similarly to that much neurodiversity activism takes place through language. Therefore the editor examines the most persistent critiques of the neurodiversity movement, about its representation of people with “severe” autism directly or on their behalf. The analysis mostly disputes these arguments, but finds room for improvement. The chapter ends with consideration of remaining challenges for the movement and future directions for books and scholarship on it.
Autistics.Org and Finding Our Voices as an Activist Movement
Authors: Tisoncik Laura A.
Published: November 2019

Autistics.org was the first explicitly political website of the early autistic community. Launched in 1998 by Laura Tisoncik, its mission was to speak truths not spoken. For example, a popular section called the Institute for the Study of the Neurologically Typical satirized autism’s diagnostic criteria and assessments by spoofing them for neurotypical (NT) people. It designated “Neurotypic Disorder” or “Neurotypical Syndrome” for NTs, with elements such as the description of symptoms (e.g. suffering from socially dictated sheep-like behavior), a screening test (e.g. “Could I be NT?”), and sections of papers and abstracts that parody academic papers. Content like this exposed the stigmatizing deficit focus and power relations inherent in documents drawn up by medical authorities and elsewhere, and implied that diagnostic categories result from their cultural context.
Autscape
Authors: Buckle Karen Leneh
Published: November 2019

Abstract

In 1996 in the United States, Autism Network International started Autreat, an annual retreat-style autistic-led conference for autistic people with allies welcome. Autscape, co-founded by Karen Leneh Buckle in 2005, is the UK version and remains a thriving meeting today. Both events have included accommodations with quiet spaces, color-coded interaction badges, and structure with the flexibility to have downtime to escape. Many autistic people met other autistic people for the first time at such events and described it as a “homecoming.” The experience has taught Buckle and other organizers the possibilities and challenges of inclusion, and she describes the developments and lessons that have made Autscape a success.
Single-jet inclusive rates with exact color at $$ \mathcal{O} $$ ($$ {\alpha}_s^4 $$)
Authors: Czakon Michał , van Hameren Andreas , Mitov Alexander , Poncelet Rene
Published: November 2019

Abstract

Next-to-next-to-leading order QCD predictions for single-, double- and even triple-differential distributions of jet events in proton-proton collisions have recently been obtained using the NNLOjet framework based on antenna subtraction. These results are an important input for Parton Distribution Function fits to hadron-collider data. While these calculations include all of the partonic channels occurring at this order of the perturbative expansion, they are based on the leading-color approximation in the case of channels involving quarks and are only exact in color in the pure-gluon channel. In the present publication, we verify that the sub-leading color effects in the single-jet inclusive double- differential cross sections are indeed negligible as far as phenomenological applications are concerned. This is the first independent and complete calculation for this observable. We also take the opportunity to discuss the necessary modifications of the sector-improved residue subtraction scheme that made this work possible.
Hankel operators induced by radial Bekollé–Bonami weights on Bergman spaces
Authors: Peláez José Ángel , Perälä Antti , Rättyä Jouni
Published: November 2019

We study big Hankel operators $$H_f^\nu :A^p_\omega \rightarrow L^q_\nu $$

H
f
ν

:

A
ω
p

→

L
ν
q

generated by radial Bekollé–Bonami weights $$\nu $$
ν
, when $$1<p\le q<\infty $$

1
<
p
≤
q
<
∞

. Here the radial weight $$\omega $$
ω
is assumed to satisfy a two-sided doubling condition, and $$A^p_\omega $$

A
ω
p

denotes the corresponding weighted Bergman space. A characterization for simultaneous boundedness of $$H_f^\nu $$

H
f
ν

and $$H_{{\overline{f}}}^\nu $$

H

f
¯

ν

is provided in terms of a general weighted mean oscillation. Compared to the case of standard weights that was recently obtained by Pau et al. (Indiana Univ Math J 65(5):1639–1673, 2016), the respective spaces depend on the weights $$\omega $$
ω
and $$\nu $$
ν
in an essentially stronger sense. This makes our analysis deviate from the blueprint of this more classical setting. As a consequence of our main result, we also study the case of anti-analytic symbols.
Cordage, basketry and containers at the Pleistocene–Holocene boundary in southwest Europe. Evidence from Coves de Santa Maira (Valencian region, Spain)
Authors: Aura Tortosa J. Emili , Pérez-Jordà Guillem , Carrión Marco Yolanda , Seguí Seguí Joan R. , Jordá Pardo Jesús F. , Miret i Estruch Carles , Verdasco Cebrián C. Carlos
Published: November 2019

In this study we present evidence of braided plant fibres and basketry imprints on clay recovered from Coves de Santa Maira, a Palaeolithic-Mesolithic cave site located in the Mediterranean region of Spain. The anatomical features of these organic fibre remains were identified in the archaeological material and compared with modern Stipa tenacissima (esparto grass). Based on direct dating, the fragments of esparto cord from our site are the oldest worked plant fibres in Europe. Sixty fragments of fired clay are described. The clay impressions have allowed us to discuss the making of baskets and containers. According to their attributes and their functional interpretation, we have grouped them into five types within two broad categories, hearth plates and baskets or containers. The clay pieces identified as fragments of containers with basketry impressions are less common than those of hearth plate remains and they are concentrated in the Epipalaeolithic occupation material (13.2–10.2 ka cal bp). The clay impressions from Santa Maira indicate that some fibres were treated or flattened, a preparation process that is known from historical and ethnological sources.
Training in endocrine surgery
Authors: Gimm Oliver , Barczyński Marcin , Mihai Radu , Raffaelli Marco
Published: November 2019

Background/purpose

In Europe, the Division of Endocrine Surgery (DES) determines the number of operations (thyroid, neck dissection, parathyroids, adrenals, neuroendocrine tumors of the gastro-entero-pancreatic tract (GEP-NETs)) to be required for the European Board of Surgery Qualification in (neck) endocrine surgery. However, it is the national surgical boards that determine how surgical training is delivered in their respective countries. There is a lack of knowledge on the current situation concerning the training of surgical residents and fellows with regard to (neck) endocrine surgery in Europe.

Methods

A survey was sent out to all 28 current national delegates of the DES. One questionnaire was addressing the training of surgical residents while the other was addressing the training of fellows in endocrine surgery. Particular focus was put on the numbers of operations considered appropriate.

Results

For most of the operations, the overall number as defined by national surgical boards matched quite well the views of the national delegates even though differences exist between countries. In addition, the current numbers required for the EBSQ exam are well within this range for thyroid and parathyroid procedures but below for neck dissections as well as operations on the adrenals and GEP-NETs.

Conclusions

Training in endocrine surgery should be performed in units that perform a minimum of 100 thyroid, 50 parathyroid, 15 adrenal, and/or 10 GEP-NET operations yearly. Fellows should be expected to have been the performing surgeon of a minimum of 50 thyroid operations, 10 (central or lateral) lymph node dissections, 15 parathyroid, 5 adrenal, and 5 GEP-NET operations.
A Note on Nonclosed Tensor Formats
Authors: Hackbusch W.
Published: November 2019

Various tensor formats exist which allow a data-sparse representation of tensors. Some of these formats are not closed. The consequences are (i) possible non-existence of best approximations and (ii) divergence of the representing parameters when a tensor within the format tends to a border tensor outside. The paper tries to describe the nature of this divergence. A particular question is whether the divergence is uniform for all border tensors.
Correction to: Intermittent application of external positive pressure helps to preserve organ viability during ex vivo perfusion and culture
Authors: Sano Kazunori , Homma Jun , Sekine Hidekazu , Kobayashi Eiji , Shimizu Tatsuya
Published: November 2019

article Intermittent application
Thermoanalytical tests (TG–DTG–DSC, Py-GC/MS) of foundry binders on the example of polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)–sodium carboxymethylcellulose
Authors: Grabowska Beata , Żymankowska-Kumon Sylwia , Cukrowicz Sylwia , Kaczmarska Karolina , Bobrowski Artur , Tyliszczak Bożena
Published: November 2019

The results of thermal analysis (TG–DTG–DSC) of a foundry binder from the BioCo group in the form of a polymer composition of poly(acrylic acid)–sodium carboxymethylcellulose (PAA/CMC-Na) are presented in this article. The range of temperature of degradation has been determined. It was found that as the temperature rises, physical and chemical changes take place in the binder as a result of evaporation of solvent water, release of constitutional water, intermolecular dehydration reactions and decomposition of polymer chains with the formation of gaseous decomposition products. Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry method (Py-GC/MS) was used to identify PAA/CMC-Na binder degradation products in a predetermined temperature range based on the previously performed thermal analysis of TG–DTG–DSC. Py-GC/MS tests were also carried out to determine the emission level of gaseous products of the polymeric binder in the context of the processes occurring in the moulding (foundry) sand, in conditions of its contact with liquid metal. In addition, Py-GC/MS tests were carried out for two commonly used foundry binders based on alkaline phenolic resin cured with esters and based on urea-formaldehyde resin with furfuryl alcohol cured with sulphonic acids. The obtained Py-GC/MS results for commercial binders were referred to the results obtained for the new PAA/CMC-Na binder. It was found that the new polymer binder is characterized by the lowest emission level of gaseous products.
Asymptotics and Approximations of Ruin Probabilities for Multivariate Risk Processes in a Markovian Environment
Authors: Delsing G. A. , Mandjes M. R. H. , Spreij P. J. C. , Winands E. M. M.
Published: November 2019

This paper develops asymptotics and approximations for ruin probabilities in a multivariate risk setting. We consider a model in which the individual reserve processes are driven by a common Markovian environmental process. We subsequently consider a regime in which the claim arrival intensity and transition rates of the environmental process are jointly sped up, and one in which there is (with overwhelming probability) maximally one transition of the environmental process in the time interval considered. The approximations are extensively tested in a series of numerical experiments.
From path dependence to policy mixes for Nordic electric mobility: Lessons for accelerating future transport transitions
Authors: Kotilainen Kirsi , Aalto Pami , Valta Jussi , Rautiainen Antti , Kojo Matti , Sovacool Benjamin K.
Published: November 2019

We examine the problem of how to accelerate policies related to electric vehicles (EVs) in the Nordic countries Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden. These four Nordic countries represent an interesting collection of cases by virtue of having common decarbonization targets extending to the transport sector, interlinked electric energy systems and a joint electricity market largely based on low-carbon energy while they are open societies bent on innovation, making them well adaptable to a transition toward electric mobility. Our analytical framework drawing from transition research, lock-in and path dependency and institutionalism enables us to discern technological, institutional and behavioral mechanisms which can have both constraining and enabling effects vis-à-vis this transition by means of shaping national socio-technical systems and regimes. On this basis, we also discuss how to develop policies accelerating the transition. We find that the incumbent industries can shape policy choice through the lock-in into institutional inter-dependencies. The accumulation of social and material features, and vested interests of actors, for its part can maintain regime level inertia, impeding the transition. Yet, technological lock-in can also enable EVs, by means of learning effects from technologically interrelated wind energy projects and available infrastructure in buildings that support the EV charging needs. Overall, the complexity of path-dependent mechanisms embedded in the dominant regimes, together with the diversity of emerging policy mixes, demands attention both on the technologies and broader socio-technical systems in order to properly assess the prospects of transition toward electric mobility.
Advanced Curation of Astromaterials for Planetary Science
Authors: McCubbin Francis M. , Herd Christopher D. K. , Yada Toru , Hutzler Aurore , Calaway Michael J. , Allton Judith H. , Corrigan Cari M. , Fries Marc D. , Harrington Andrea D. , McCoy Timothy J. , Mitchell Julie L. , Regberg Aaron B. , Righter Kevin , Snead Christopher J. , Tait Kimberly T. , Zolensky Michael E. , Zeigler Ryan A.
Published: November 2019

Just as geological samples from Earth record the natural history of our planet, astromaterials hold the natural history of our solar system and beyond. Astromaterials acquisition and curation practices have direct consequences on the contamination levels of astromaterials and hence the types of questions that can be answered about our solar system and the degree of precision that can be expected of those answers. Advanced curation was developed as a cross-disciplinary field to improve curation and acquisition practices in existing astromaterials collections and for future sample return activities, including meteorite and cosmic dust samples that are collected on Earth. These goals are accomplished through research and development of new innovative technologies and techniques for sample collection, handling, characterization, analysis, and curation of astromaterials. In this contribution, we discuss five broad topics in advanced curation that are critical to improving sample acquisition and curation practices, including (1) best practices for monitoring and testing of curation infrastructure for inorganic, organic, and biological contamination; (2) requirements for storage, processing, and sample handling capabilities for future sample return missions, along with recent progress in these areas; (3) advancements and improvements in astromaterials acquisition capabilities on Earth (i.e., the collection of meteorites and cosmic dust); (4) the importance of contamination knowledge strategies for maximizing the science returns of sample-return missions; and (5) best practices and emerging capabilities for the basic characterization and preliminary examination of astromaterials. The primary result of advanced curation research is to both reduce and quantify contamination of astromaterials and preserve the scientific integrity of all samples from mission inception to secure delivery of samples to Earth-based laboratories for in-depth scientific analysis. Advanced curation serves as an important science-enabling activity, and the collective lessons learned from previous spacecraft missions and the results of advanced curation research will work in tandem to feed forward into better spacecraft designs and enable more stringent requirements for future sample return missions and Earth-based sample acquisition.
Does time inconsistency differ between gain and loss? An intra-personal comparison using a non-parametric elicitation method
Authors: Shiba Shotaro , Shimizu Kazumi
Published: November 2019

Several studies on time preference have found time inconsistency in both gain and loss preferences. However, the relationship between the two within the same person remains unclear; that is, does an individual who demonstrates time inconsistency for gain outcomes do so for losses as well? This paper reports on individuals’ time inconsistency for gains and losses in a laboratory setting. To obtain a precise comparison of individuals’ time inconsistency for gains and losses, we used Rohde’s “DI (decreasing impatience)-index” (Manag Sci 65(4):1700–1716, 2018) and measured the level of time inconsistency, rather than merely identifying whether TI was present. This index represents how strongly a person exhibits present bias, and easily extends to the comparison between gain and loss preferences within the same person. Further, it allows the experiment to test for so-called future bias, which has been a focus area in recent time inconsistency literature. It is elicited through a non-parametric method, which avoids any specification errors in the analysis. Our findings are as follows: first, we found future bias in preferences for not only gains but also losses, and we confirmed that this tendency is consistent with previous findings on preferences for gains. Second, a positive correlation between time inconsistency for gains and losses was found at the individual level. Indeed, we could not find a significant difference between the two in most cases.
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti-Nb Alloys Prepared by Mechanical Alloying and Spark Plasma Sintering
Authors: Kalita Damian , Rogal Łukasz , Czeppe Tomasz , Wójcik Anna , Kolano-Burian Aleksandra , Zackiewicz Przemysław , Kania Bogusz , Dutkiewicz Jan
Published: November 2019

The effect of Nb content on microstructure, mechanical properties and superelasticity was studied in Ti-Nb alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy route using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering. In the microstructure of the as-sintered materials, undissolved Nb particles as well as precipitations of α-phase at grain boundaries of β-grains were observed. In order to improve the homogeneity of the materials, additional heat treatment at 1250 °C for 24 h was performed. As a result, Nb particles were dissolved in the matrix and the amount of α-phase was reduced to 0.5 vol.%. Yield strength of the as-sintered alloys decreased with Nb content from 949 MPa for Ti-14Nb to 656 MPa for Ti-26Nb, as a result of the decreasing amount of α-phase precipitations. Heat treatment did not have a significant effect on mechanical properties of the alloys. A maximum recoverable strain of 3% was obtained for heat-treated Ti-14Nb, for whichAsandAftemperatures were − 12.4 and 2.2 °C, respectively.