bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pengaruh ketiadaan inang terhadap tanggap reproduksi Trichogrammatoidea armigera Nagaraja dan Trichogramma japonicum Ashmed (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatoidea) dan implikasinya terhadap penerimaan inang
Authors: Rohmani Anis , Buchori Damayanti , Sari Adha
Published: December 2017

Trichogrammatoidea armigera and Trichogramma japonicum are polyphagous egg parastioids, that are important as natural enemies. The objective of this research was to study the effect of host deprivation on reproductive capacity of T. armigera and T. japonicum. This study consists of 8 treatments, host deprivation : 0 hour, 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, 6 hours, 12 hours, and 48 hours. Host were replaced every 24 hours. Results showed there are difference with respect of how the two parasitoids respond to the treatment. Deprivation of host for 3 hours in T. armigera resulted in the increase of egg production and parasitism rate. After 12 and 24 hours of not encountering any hosts, the numbers of eggs produced drastically decreased. Treatment on T. japonicum resulted in the reaction of fecundity and parasitism rate overall. Forty eight hours of host deprivation resulted in death of both parasitoids species within 2 days. None of the parasitoids seems to produce any egg.
Formulasi Nuclear Polyhedrosis Virus (NPV) untuk Mengendalikan Ulat Grayak Padi (Mythimna separata Walker) pada Tanaman Padi
Authors: Trisnaningsih Trisnaningsih , Kartohardjono Arifin
Published: December 2017

Several methods can be used to control pest infestation, especially by the use of biological agents that do not contaminate environment. Virus as a biological agent has already been used to control army worm on some plants. Some benefits can be obtained when biological agents are used to control insect infestation. The objectives of these studies were to obtain: a method to produce MsNPV formulation from rice army worm; an effective and efficient method to pack and store MsNPV formulation as biological agent of rice army worm and an efficient application method of MsNPV formulation to control rice army worm. These studies were conducted at laboratory and green house in Bogor and rice field in Indramayu and Sukabumi, West Java during the planting season of 2005. The experiment consisted of several parts: production of suspension and MsNPV formulation from the larvae of ricearmy worm, packing and period storing of MsNPV formulation, observe the effect of MsNPV formulation on rice army worm in the rice fileds. Results from these studies show that the number of larvae used will effect production of suspension and formulation of MsNPV. The number of larvae used would increase the production of suspension and the value of formulation will also increase. While method of packing, period of time and location of storing showed that time period of 1; 2; and 3 months at different colour of plastic also location of storing refrigerator vs room temperature did not effect on mortality of larvae rice armyworm.
Keefektifan penggunaan Dua Jenis Ovitrap untuk Pengambilan Contoh Telur Aedes spp. di Lapangan
Authors: Wahyuningsih Nur Endah , Rahardjo Mursid , Hidayat Taufik
Published: December 2017

In the last three decades, there has been a four fold increase of dengue incidence globally. The control of the disease depends heavily on controlling the vector. Therefore, it is necessary to develop an ecological data of vector to identify the population density of the mosquitoes. One method to study the density and presence of the mosquitoes is through the use of ovitrap. The aim of this research is to identify the effect of two different types of ovitraps. One hundred and eighty ovitrap consist of coconut shell and glass ovitrap were placed in three different subdistricts which was selected based on the Incidence Rate of DHF in the district of Purwokerto City. The container indices and eggs density were compared between two types of ovitrap. Research was conducted using experimental quasy and the data were analyzed with the Mann-Whitney test. The total amount of eggs from coconut shell ovitrap were 9328 of eggs were obtain from 51.33 of ovitrap while the total amount of eggs from glass ovitrap only 1858 of eggs were obtain from 29 ovitrap. Statistical test showed significant difference between the amount of eggs of coconut shell higher than the glass. Mosquitoes prefer natural coconut shell ovitrap compared with artificial ovitrap so we recommended that to eradicate the mosquitoes nest, should not only artificial containers but also natural container to be managed in order to control the dengue vector.
Pengelompokan dan Struktur Populasi Parasitoid Telur Trichogrammatoidea armigera pada Telur Helicoverpa armigera pada Jagung Berdasarkan Karakter Molekuler
Authors: HUSIN BAHAGIAWATI AMIR , UTAMI DWINITA W , BUCHORI DAMAYANTI
Published: December 2017

The effectiveness of this parasitoid was influenced by its population structure in the field. However, because this parasitoid has a tiny size, it was difficult to know the population structure of this parasitoid. This problem can be overcome by using molecular characteristic i.e. molecular markers. Based on RAPD-PCR analysis from 4 selected primers on 19 DNA samples from 3 different locations it was fond, that Gunung Bunder II population was divided into sub-population and so did Cugenang population, which is indicated by their small Fst and Nm index. The Fst and Nm index for Gunung Bunder II population was 0,39 and 0,77, while 0,51 and 0,47 for Cugenang population. If we calculated the Fst and Nm for all samples together, we found that this parasitoid has a random mating pattern, which is also shown by the dendrogram. The dendrogram indicate that each sub- opulation from one location was not grouped in one cluster but distributed in every cluster.
Status dan Mekanisme Resistensi Biokimia Crocidolomia pavonana (F.) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) terhadap Insektisida Organofosfat serta Kepekaannya terhadap Insektisida Botani Ekstrak Biji Barringtonia asiatica
Authors: DONO DANAR , ISMAYANA SYAFRI , IDAR IDAR , PRIJONO DJOKO , MUSLIKHA IKHA
Published: December 2017

An examination of insect resistance was determined by several steps, i.e. standard sensitivity, resistance diagnosis, and determination of resistance level. Each phase was tested with feeding and residue contact methods at glass tube. Resistance ratio (RR) was determined by comparing LC50 value of field population with standard population. Field population of C. pavonana was classified resistant if it had RR 5 4. Biochemistry analysis of resistance was conducted to population of C. pavonana showing resistance to prophenophos insecticide. The activity analysis of acetylcholine esterase (ACHE), esterase, and Glutation Stransferase was done with spectrophotometer method. Insect which are resistant to prophenophos insecticide was tested for its sensitivity to Barringtonia asiatica seed extract. Result indicated that C. pavonana population from Pengalengan showed resistance to prophenophos synthetic insecticide. Using contact test, the highest resistance ratio value was 4.04, while by feeding assay the RR was 2.78. The study on biochemical resistance mechanisms of each field population of C. pavonana showed various activities of enzymatic detoxification. This could be due to the difference in the kind of insecticides exposed to each field population of C. pavonana. Since RR value from the contact test was higher than that of the feeding test, the resistance development of C. pavonana to synthetic insecticides was probably caused by physiological and biochemical changes in insect cuticle rather than the activity of detoxification enzyme. Methanolic seed extract of B. asiatica can be used as an alternative of resistance management of C. pavonana to prophenophos synthetic insecticide.
Pengaruh Habitat Sekitar Lahan Persawahan dan Umur Tanaman Padi terhadap Keanekaragaman Hymenoptera Parasitika
Authors: Herlina Nina , Rizali Akhmad , Moerfiah Moerfiah , Sahari Bandung , Buchori Damayanti
Published: December 2017

Hymenoptera Parasitika merupakan kelompok agen pengendali hayati terbesar dan memiliki peranan penting dalam mengendalikan hama di habitat pertanian. Walaupun demikian, informasi mengenai bagaimana parasitoid ini terdapat di habitat pertanian masih sangat sedikit khususnya yang berhubungan dengan kondisi habitat sekitar lahan pertanian dan fenologi dari tanaman pertanian. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari pengaruh habitat sekitar lahan persawahan dan umur tanaman padi terhadap keanekaragaman Hymenoptera Parasitika. Lokasi penelitian merupakan lahan persawahan yang terletak di Desa Carang Pulang, Dramaga, Bogor. Lahan persawahan dibedakan menjadi empat blok yang merepresentasikan berbagai kondisi habitat dan umur tanaman padi yang berbeda. Di setiap blok dipasang enam perangkap kuning (dengan jarak minimal 20 meter) dan satu perangkap malaise. Pengambilan contoh serangga dilakukan setiap minggu dari umur 6 hingga 12 minggu setelah tanam. Melalui penelitian ini, berhasil dikoleksi 1.833 individu Ordo Hymenoptera (tanpa semut) yang terdiri dari 9 superfamili, 23 famili, dan 216 spesies. Hymenoptera Parasitika ditemukan lebih melimpah (96%) dan lebih beranekaragam (84%) dibandingkan kelompok Aculeata. Kondisi habitat sekitar lahan persawahan (blok) dan umur tanaman padi berpengaruh terhadap keane-karagaman Hymenoptera Parasitika. Terdapat hubungan positif antara umur tanaman padi dengan kekayaan spesies Hymenoptera Parasitika.
Pengaruh Instar Larva Inang Spodoptera litura Fabricius (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) terhadap Keberhasilan Hidup Parasitoid Eriborus argenteopilosus Cameron (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae)
Authors: Nelly Novri , Yunisman Yunisman , Rahmawati Yulia
Published: December 2017

Penelitian pengaruh instar larva inang terhadap keberhasilan hidup parasitoid E. argenteopilosus telah dilakukan di laboratorium Departemen Agroteknologi, Fakultas Perta-nian, Universitas Andalas. Keberhasilan hidup diteliti dengan menggunakan instar larva S. litura dengan stadia yang berbeda (instar I, II, III, dan IV). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa laju perkembangan parasitoid E. argenteopilosus lebih cepat terjadi pada larva inang instar 3, semakin tinggi tingkatan instar larva inang, semakin pendek waktu untuk menyelesaikan siklus hidupnya. Jumlah pupa yang terbentuk adalah 14 pupa (4,67%), dan parasitoid yang berhasil menjadi imago adalah 3 ekor (1%), imago yang muncul hanya imago jantan.
Effectiveness of BPMC Application against Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) Population and CMMV Disease Incidence on Soybean
Authors: Wartono Wartono , Laba I Wayan , Wawan Wawan
Published: December 2017

Control of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius)) is the starting point in suppressing the CMMV disease (cowpea mild mottle virus). This study aims to determine the influence of applications BPMC (500 g a.i./l) against B. tabaci populations and disease incidence of CMMV on soybean plants. Research was conducted in the field with randomized complete block design consisting of 5 treatments i.e. five concentration levels: 0.75, 1.50,2.25, and 3.00 ml/l including control (untreated) with 5 replications. The results showed that BPMC is effective in suppressing the adult population of B. tabaci and disease incidence of CMMV.
Keanekaragaman dan Kelimpahan Musuh Alami Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) pada Pertanaman Cabai Merah di Kecamatan Pakem, Kabupaten Sleman, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta
Authors: Hendrival Hendrival , Hidayat Purnama , Nurmansyah Ali
Published: December 2017

Penelitian tentang keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan musuh alami Bemisia tabaci di pertanaman cabai merah telah dilakukan di Kecamatan Pakem, Kabupaten Sleman, DIY selama musim kemarau Mei-Oktober 2009. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mempelajari keanekaragaman dan kelimpahan spesies parasitoid dan predator dari B. tabaci.   Pengambilan sampel spesies parasitoid dan predator dilakukan dengan menggunakan nampan kuning, jaring serangga, pengamatan langsung pada tajuk tanaman, dan pengumpulan nimfa-nimfa B. tabaci. Keanekaragaman serangga dihitung menggunakan indeks keanekaragaman Shannon dan sebaran. Spesies predator yang ditemukan di pertanaman cabai merah adalah Harmonia octomaculata (Fabricius), Menochilus sexmaculata (Fabricius), Scymnus sp., Micraspis inops Mulsant, Coccinella sp., (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Paederus fuscipes Curtis (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae), Orius sp. (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae), Linyphiidae (Araneae), dan Syrphidae (Diptera). Parasitoid Eretmocerus sp. (Hy-menoptera: Aphelinidae) ditemukan memarasit nimfa-nimfa B. tabaci mempunyai potensi yang baik untuk mengendalikan nimfa B. tabaci di pertanaman cabai merah.
Playful Participation
Authors: Markussen Thomas , Knutz Eva
Published: December 2017

IN THIS PAPER WE INTRODUCE SOCIAL GAMES AS A NEW TERRAIN FOR STUDIES IN PARTICIPATORY CULTURE. SOCIAL GAMES DEFY EASY CLASSIFICATION AND CANNOT BE APPROPRIATELY UNDERSTOOD FROM EXISTING RESEARCH PERSPECTIVES. INITIALLY, WE THEREFORE ATTEMPT TO DEFINE SOCIAL GAMES BY COMPARING THE GENRE WITH RELATED GAME GENRES, NOTABLY SERIOUS GAMES AND HEALTH GAMES. TO FURTHER INCREASE KNOWLEDGE OF SOCIAL GAMES, WE INTRODUCE A TYPOLOGY OF PLAYFUL PARTICIPATION IN SOCIAL GAMES. THE TYPOLOGY IS CONSTRUCTED BY USING FORMAL CONCEPTS FROM THEORIES OF PARTICIPATORY ART. ITS RANGE OF APPLICATION IS THEN DEMONSTRATED THROUGH AN EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS OF EIGHT SOCIAL GAME PROTOTYPES THAT ARE DESIGNED AS PART OF AN ON-GOING THREE-YEAR RESEARCH PROJECT CALLED “SOCIAL GAMES AGAINST CRIME”. THE PURPOSE OF THIS PROJECT IS TO DEVELOP SOCIAL GAMES THAT CAN HELP CHILDREN BUILD RESILIENCE TOWARDS MANY OF THE PERSONAL AND SOCIAL PROBLEMS THEY EXPERIENCE AS A RESULT OF PARENTAL INCARCERATION.
Playful Participation: How Pen, Provocation, and Personal Touch Boost User Engagement in Workshops
Authors: Hautopp Heidi , Nørgaard Mie
Published: December 2017

BASED ON A CASE FROM INDUSTRY WE DESCRIBE THE USE OF GRAPHIC FACILITATION TO BOOST PARTICIPANT ENGAGEMENT IN WORKSHOPS. WITH AN OUTSET IN DESIGN SKETCHING WE DESCRIBE AND EXEMPLIFY THE USE OF GRAPHIC FACILITATION AND REFLECT ON ITS RELEVANCE FOR SUPPORTING A PLAYFUL ENVIRONMENT AND THE RESULTS ON USER PARTICIPATION IN A PROFESSIONAL LEARNING SITUATION.

FURTHER, WE PROVIDE GUIDELINES FOR PRACTITIONERS ON HOW TO EFFICIENTLY USE GRAPHIC FACILITATION IN SITUATIONS WHERE ENGAGEMENT, LEARNING AND REFLECTION ARE ESSENTIAL. THESE GUIDELINES INCLUDE USING A PERSONAL STYLE OF SKETCHING AS OPPOSED TO USING GENERIC ICONS, MAKING LARGE NUMBERS OF SKETCHES DIRECTLY IN FRONT OF THE AUDIENCE IN REAL TIME, AND CONTEXTUALIZING LEARNING POINTS IN HUMOROUS WAYS SUCH AS THROUGH REFRAMING AND EXAGGERATION.
A State's Response to Oil Spill Preparedness How the Texas General Land Office built and maintains one of the premier oil spill response organizations
Authors: Buschang Steven
Published: December 2017

Texas produces nearly twice and much oil as the next highest producing U.S. state and has approximately 3300 miles of sensitive jurisdictional shoreline boarding the second highest area of our nation's oil production, the Gulf of Mexico. It is home to over 27 operating refineries and hosts 3 of the top 10 busiest ports in the nation. Since 1991, the Texas General Land Office (TGLO) has built an oil spill prevention and response program that is arguably the premier state oil spill program in the nation; one that responds 24/7 to over 600 reported spills per year, certifies, audits and inspects over 600 oil handling facilities, administers an abandoned vessel removal program, an oily bilge facility program, and has an ongoing oil spill R&D program and its own state Scientific Support Coordinator, ensuring that prevention, planning and response activities are state of the science. The TGLO produces the Texas Oil Spill Toolkit, now in its 17th edition, which is a spill planning and response resource for the western Gulf of Mexico, and houses a collection of plans and documents in a single, easy to use online/off-line .html format. Plans include up-to-date Area Committee Plans (ACP) and pre-planning documents, all aligned with the National Response Framework (NRF). Included are Regional Response Team VI (RRT) documents and guidance, pre-authorization plans and mapping for alternative spill response, Priority Protection Areas (PPA), Environmental Sensitivity Index Maps (ESI), and site specific Geographic Response Plans (GRP). This paper describes the conception, history and evolution of the building and operation of a state response organization in an era of “less government”.
Implementation & Application of PISCES
Authors: Conrad Jerry , Norris Erin
Published: December 2017

PISCES is a software package used to simulate an oil spill under given environmental and atmospheric conditions. PISCES has several practical uses in planning and preparedness for a variety of purposes. This research was focused on simulating and then assessing booming strategies for railroad/waterway nexus points, as designated by USCG Sector Delaware Bay and the Area Committee. A large railroad spill incident is of high concern and planning priority within the region. Crude shipments by rail have increased drastically since 2008, and several refineries and terminals lie along the Delaware River and its tributaries. Starting in 2014, the USCG Sector Delaware Bay partnered with various regional agencies to identify railroad/waterway nexus points. This assessment helped to identify over 30 railroad nexus points in extremely sensitive areas. Booming strategies were then identified for these points. PISCES was implemented to test and provide evidence to prove the thought processes behind the booming strategies. In order to test these strategies, additional research was done to simulate statistically significant, and climatologically accurate spills in both the summer and winter seasons. Summer and winter were chosen to accurately represent a variety of conditions, which has implications on how the oil may react in the environment. In addition to assessing booming strategies, the accuracy of the PISCES model itself was tested. Two specific incidents were modeled and evaluated: a January 2016 diesel spill along the Schuylkill River, and the Wild Cosmos Bunker C fuel oil - #6 spill in the Wilmington, DE area in March of 2015. Research concluded that the model does provide a strong basis for assessing booming strategies. Additionally, PISCES has future uses in planning and exercise for scenarios like railroad incidents, which still have little data known that would be practical in response and clean-up operations. Additional planning uses could be done on a multi-agency and multi-jurisdictional scale for not only environmental assessment and mitigation from potential spill impacts, but for exercise & strategic stockpiling as well.
Refugio Incident SCAT Operations for Santa Barbara and Ventura Counties Case Study
Authors: Gold Jennifer , Roberts Mia , Connell Michael , Boggs Melissa , Posekian Keith , Grosso Diana
Published: December 2017

The Refugio Incident occurred May 19, 2015 along the Gaviota coastline in Santa Barbara County, California. The spill impacted many miles of shoreline and a variety of habitat types. Habitats impacted included exposed wave-cut platforms, man-made structures, cobble, fine-grained sand and boulder beaches. Because of the large scale response, Shoreline Clean-up Assessment Technique (SCAT) surveys were utilized to provide a more systematic assessment of impacted shorelines following a standardized approach. SCAT packets were created to document the progression of clean-up and to direct the Operations Section on where, what, and how to clean the shoreline. One difficulty with this response was that the spill occurred along a dynamic shoreline that constantly changed; and the response was in an area with known significant natural oil seepage. Photographic monitoring points were established throughout the impact area which showed dramatic changes along the coastline throughout the response. A few months into the response, sand and kelp accumulated along the shoreline covering up the incident oil making it difficult to complete the clean-up. SCAT maps were created to make sure that impacted areas that had been previously documented as needing to be cleaned were eventually addressed once the sand eroded from these areas. There was about a two month long time frame where the beach appeared to be clean because of the natural buildup of sand and kelp that covered some of the contamination. The SCAT maps helped to direct the Operations Section by visually identifying specific areas within each segment that still needed cleaning. During a large scale oil spill response when many miles of coastline are impacted in a dynamic environment, it is important to document in a systematic way all field observations so all areas impacted are eventually addressed. This provides the response and the Unified Command with direction and guidance to remediate the spill while taking into account a Net Environmental Benefit Analysis to ensure the established clean-up endpoints are met.
Development of an Applicator and A Helicopter Borne Ignition Device Launching System for Using Oil Herders in Remote and Arctic Locations
Authors: Lane Peter
Published: December 2017

Desmi Ro-Clean have been involved in the development and commercialization of “OIL HERDER” chemicals since the re-emergence of interest in this technology by the oil industry in about 2008. We commercialized two products under a grant from Exxon Mobil Upstream Research Company in 2011.

Since the acceptance of the two products on the USEPA schedule in June of 2012, we have been involved in the development of a commercially practical applicator and most recently, an integrated ignitor system which can be operated from a single helicopter. This latter activity has been sponsored by the International Oil and Gas Producers Association (IOGP) Joint Industry Project (JIP)

Meso scale testing of the herder and Igniter methods was tested at Poker Flats near Fairbanks Alaska in a JIP funded project conducted in association with SL Ross Environmental Consultants Ltd.

The purpose of this poster session is to highlight the activities and track the progress of the project from inception to current status. We are presently involved in the integration project which will be nearly completed by June 30, 2016, so this poster session will be timely to the International Oil Spill Conference.

Development and presentation of the poster session will be conducted by Peter Lane, currently a contractor and consultant to DESMI Ro-Clean whose sole responsibility within the corporation is to continue the ongoing task of commercialization of herders and associated accessories. Peter Lane has over 46 years of experience in the Oil Spill Industry. While semi-retired, Lane has continued working in the OSR field as a consultant to other companies outside of DESMI Ro-Clean.
Infographics that Communicate Environmental Science
Authors: Loe Vicki , Helton Doug , Patterson DeLisa
Published: December 2017

NOAA's Office of Response and Restoration (OR&R) is comprised of three divisions: Emergency Response, Assessment and Restoration, and Marine Debris. Collectively, the Office of Response and Restoration provides comprehensive solutions to environmental hazards caused by oil, chemicals, and marine debris.

OR&R has an outreach team whose mission is to share information, promote environmental stewardship, and communicate the Office's expertise.

Information on OR&R's activities, services and products are broadcast via social media, a regular blog, a website, media engagement and direct communications with government and NGO partners, legislators, academia, and industry. In the past few years, we have increased the use of info graphics, to make complex messages more easily understood and engaging, and to broaden our reach to interested audiences.

Why info graphics?

Readers expect visual content. Nearly two-thirds of the updates you see on social media are visual content, according to a recent Citrix report.

On average, total views increased by 94 percent if a published article contained a relevant photograph or info graphic when compared to articles without an image in the same category, according to a Skyward study.

The average human attention span is 8 seconds (down from 12 seconds in 2000, according to a Microsoft study), and our brains process images 60,000 times faster than text. Info graphics make it easier to engage the viewer before they move on.

Working with several graphic designers with distinct styles, we have augmented select stories with info graphics that summarize key points by combining minimal text with related visuals. The info graphics are designed to also stand alone. This poster will show examples of a range of our info graphics employing a range of approaches:Arctic model of oil spill exposure and injuriesNatural Resources Damage Assessment (NRDA) processQuestions guiding NOAA's oil spill science recommendationsAssessing environmental harm from the DWH oil spillTechniques for responding to oil spills at sea and on shoreLost human and cultural resourcesResponder tools (applications, mapping products)

This poster will demonstrate how choosing a compatible style and technique for the specific information you are attempting to communicate is critical. It will also show our process for creating info graphics.

With the growth of the internet and amount of information available it is critical to make our information stand out. In general, words, combined well with images into engaging info graphics will convey information in a fast, memorable, and easily transferable way.
Enhancing Preparedness and Response ≈ Transition Management Architecture Improvements
Authors: Ferguson Tracy , Lloyd CAPT Anthony , Turban Jon
Published: December 2017

Experts continue to debate about the range of threats that could realistically occur in America today. Disagreements range through the prevention, preemption, and response strategies with advocates continuing to argue for robust “whole-of-government” capabilities to muster and effective response. The debate is complicated by the increased societal churn driven by the changing popular culture, intense effects of technology change and impacts from social media and the 24 hour news cycle. Whether you can hear it, or see it, or not, the truth remains regarding an underlying latency of increased risk in our society. Further compounding this is the change in the oil economy. Latent risk has risen there as well, challenging current preparedness efforts. Increased flexibility, transitional success, better data sharing methods, and deeper situational awareness is needed for planning, preparedness, and response success. Coast Guard legal authorities are foundational in this regard especially as it relates to the proper apportionment of National Contingency Plan resources. The Coast Guard Vessel Response and Facility Response Plan regulations reflect an appropriate effort to assure the retention and allocation of those resources to meet preparedness and response requirements. How can we be sure, however, that this “force lay down” is effective? Can those resources be better accessed to support NCP requirements? This poster will depict a way to envision better transition of VRP/FRP resources. It will also explain a capability and architecture developed to ease the rapid shifts from day-to-day operations to a rapidly expanding crisis.
A GIS Add-in for Creating On-the-fly Maps Using NOAA Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) Data
Authors: Locke Chris , White Mark , Horsman Jennifer , Nixon Zachary , Boring Christine
Published: December 2017

Environmental Sensitivity Index (ESI) maps present sensitive biological and human resource data used by NOAA Scientific Support Coordinators, the US Coast Guard, and other responders to identify resources that may be impacted in the event of an oil spill, chemical spill, or natural disaster. ESI maps and data are also used to support Area Contingency Plans and Geographic Response Plans, and post-event damage assessment. Over many years of use the look and feel of ESI maps have remained a consistent but static product for the end user. Research Planning, Inc. (RPI) has developed an ArcGIS toolbar to allow users to create their own thematic maps for an area of their choice using ESI data.

RPI's ESI Toolbar add-in for ESRI's Arc Map allows a user to create custom ESI maps with symbology, layouts, and icons similar to the traditional hardcopy and PDF NOAA ESI map product. The user can zoom to an area of interest, choose a scale, and use custom query tools to decide what data should appear on the map. The map can be exported as a multi-layered GeoPDF that includes the tabular data for the data displayed on the map. Users can add and map their own data, and even symbolize and query these data with ESI symbology if they have certain key fields from the standard NOAA format. For digital users, tools are included for easy click and query of the database, zooming to features selected on the map or in the tables, and filtering the data by user specified criteria (e.g. show me all Least Tern locations in January - March).

The toolbar can use standard NOAA ESI data downloadable from the NOAA OR&R website but also includes tools to set up an Enhanced ESI data set for map production and analysis. The Enhanced ESI data allows the user to apply Present Throughout Boxes that remove some spatial data from the map and describe it as “Present Along Shore” or similar geographic descriptors on a map product while the tabular data still appears in the data tables. Spatial data can also be assigned a scale which will give the user control over which resources draw when zooming and panning in the desktop environment. The Enhanced ESI dataset also includes the ability to upload symbolized map data including ESI style icons and the related tables to ArcGIS Online where it can be displayed and queried online.
Mapping the penetration and retention potential of two weathered diluted bitumen crude oils for the shorelines of Northern British Columbia, Canada
Authors: Boutet Lennie , Laforest Sonia , Lambert Patrick , Harper John , Sergy Gary
Published: December 2017

With the increase in bitumen production from Alberta's oil sands, there is a related increase in the transport of non-conventional crude oil throughout Canada including proposed pipeline projects to move diluted bitumen (dilbit) to facilities on the East and West coast of Canada. While the behaviour of conventional oil is well known, little information is available about the fate of any potential dilbit spills on marine shorelines. As a part of Enhancing Marine Safety Strategy launched in 2013 by the Government of Canada, a R&D program has been developed by the Emergencies Sciences and Technology Section (ESTS) from Environment and Climate Change Canada (ECCC) to study the behaviour of non-conventional oil. More precisely, one of the objectives is to develop tools to help oil spill responders to predict the fate of dilbit on shorelines of Northern British Columbia (BC). To address this objective, we collected data from three sources; BC segmentation of the upper intertidal zone for the Douglas Channel and Haida Gwaii Island, particle size analysis results of sediment samples collected directly from Northern BC shoreline and meso-scale laboratory research results on the penetration and retention of dilbit in different type of sediment. This last experiment was conducted in laboratory by the contractor Coastal and Ocean Resources Inc. to estimate penetration (cm) and retention (% of the loading) of different weather dilbit (AWB [18% loss by weights] and CLB [15% loss by weight]) in different types of sediments (from coarse sand to very large pebble). These previous data were combined to associate each shoreline type with dilbit penetration and retention data. For each shoreline type, we did a quantitative (penetration) and qualitative (retention) estimation of dilbit properties. The estimations were also visually represented on ArcMap 9.1. In Northern British Columbia, most of the shoreline is associated with low penetration and low retention corresponding to bedrock substrate. Conversely, high penetration and retention is mainly associated with coarse sediments like pebble/cobble beaches. These shoreline types represent an indicator of difficulty of cleanup operations. Likewise, high retention can be found in coarse sediments but also in sensitive shorelines like marshes. So these maps can be used as an operational tool to establish the priorities and to determine the best strategy for the shoreline cleanup methods (penetration maps), but also as an indicator of shoreline sensitivity (retention maps).
SCAT Mobile Data Collection - California's Ongoing Experience
Authors: Oshima Isaac , Paine Seth , Muskat Judd
Published: December 2017

The California Department of Fish and Wildlife, Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR) since its inception in 1991 has been collecting SCAT (Shoreline Cleanup Assessment Technique) data. OSPR, collects SCAT data based upon the SCAT forms developed by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Processing SCAT paper forms is a time consuming process which includes manual transcription which can be prone to error.

Beginning in 2009, OSPR began using an electronic data collection application from EPDS called, Pocket SCAT®. OSPR had scheduled exercises and our last maintenance and upgrade purchase was in 2011. Despite this, when the Refugio Spill occurred on May 19th 2015; because of ongoing issues with Pocket SCAT® and equipment, the decision was made to revert back to using paper forms. SCAT data collection and processing, once again was a time consuming process and error prone.

OSPR's experience with SCAT paper forms, Pocket SCAT®, Refugio and other spills, and its recent in-house development and completion of an iOS Wildlife Recovery app culminated into the decision to create its own iOS SCAT app called, “SCATalogue”.

This poster presents SCATalogue's current status, features, design considerations, inherent technology limitations and their mitigations, and envisioned future revisions. Presented herein, also a diagram of SCATalogue's place in the greater SCAT workflow such as the backend database, integration with the Common Operational Picture (COP), and other applications and technologies used to facilitate integration.
Large Scale Dispersant Stockpiles – Product Selection Considerations and Inventory Management
Authors: Miller Jessica , Varghese Geeva , Holland Rob , Coolbaugh Tom
Published: December 2017

Dispersant use can be a critical component of an effective response to larger offshore oil spills. When used appropriately, dispersants can reduce the potential for long term environmental damage by preventing oil slicks from entering sensitive near shore environments or stranding on shorelines. Preparedness is essential for successful dispersant application – product selection and inventory management are critical elements for ensuring global dispersant stockpiles are response ready.

Product Selection: A number of factors need to be carefully considered while selecting specific dispersants, especially in the case of large scale response-related inventories. These include:

Breadth of Approvals: The existing global landscape of dispersant approvals is varied and needs to be understood in order to support international response readiness.

Availability/Diversity of data demonstrating effectiveness: It is important to have credible data relating to effectiveness on a wide diversity of oils (light to heavy, crudes to refined products) and how performance may be affected as oils weather. Performance data should be available that show how well products work at different temperatures and different dispersant to oil ratios. In general, it is important to ensure that selected products have the broadest applicability for the variety of circumstances that may arise.

Availability/Diversity of data on responder safety and potential toxicity to marine life: It is important to have as much credible data as possible with respect to any health concerns for response personnel and/or toxicity concerns regarding marine life. Availability of this information from reliable sources, e.g., peer reviewed journals and publications, is needed for regulatory approval and support of dispersant use decisions.

Stockpile Maintenance: A robust maintenance program is required to ensure the structural integrity and chemical quality/effectiveness of dispersant stockpiles.

Visual Inspection: Aligned with routine equipment maintenance programs, visual inspection focuses on storage conditions, identification labeling, container defects/damage, leaks and changes to colour and clarity over time.

Effectiveness Testing: A simple and repeatable sampling and chemical analysis protocol for dispersant effectiveness is necessary.

Two global Oil Spill Response Organizations (OSROs) with large scale dispersant stockpiles (i.e. Tier III Inventories) have collaboratively developed a large scale dispersant inventory management regime in consultation with the Oil and Gas Industry. This paper will describe the development and implementation of the regime and highlight some of the challenges including dispersant shelf-life, validity of testing data and regulatory approval.
Predicting Surface Oil Transport in California Using a High-Resolution Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS) and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's (NOAA's) Trajectory Analysis Planner (TAP)
Authors: Zaleski S. F. , Watabayashi G. , Dong C. , Barker C. H. , MacFadyen A. , Righi D. , Kachook G. , Zelenke B.
Published: December 2017

The Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM) and Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) Pacific Region conduct oil spill risk analyses to determine potential impacts to environmental resources. Oil spill trajectory modeling is conducted to predict the movement and fate of spilled oil, if a spill occurred, from existing offshore oil and gas operations in southern California. To improve BOEM and BSEE Pacific Region's ability to conduct oil spill risk analyses for southern California, BOEM partnered with the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) to run a multi-year hind cast (re-analysis) of winds, waves, and currents along the coast of California. UCLA created a high-resolution (1 km) ROMS hind cast for the 10 year period 2004–2013 from Morro Bay, California to the border with Mexico. The project was conducted in three phases: (1) Surface winds were calculated at high horizontal and temporal resolution and validated using existing datasets; (2) A wave model was forced by the wind model results and validated through in situ measurements; and (3) The ocean model was run at high resolution and includes temperature, salinity, and currents; it assimilated in situ data and was forced by the hind cast atmospheric model results. BOEM is subsequently partnering with NOAA, to utilize the surface currents and winds from the ROMS hind cast analysis with NOAA's General NOAA Operational Modeling Environment (GNOME) to produce multiple trajectories for NOAA's TAP. Using realistic oil spill scenarios over a range of different regional oceanographic regimes (such as upwelling, relaxation, and eddy-driven flow), TAP will calculate the probabilities of oil contacting parcels of water and shoreline were any oil to spill from southern California oil platforms. This will enable analysts to understand where an oil spill may travel, how long it could take to get there, and the likelihood of spilled oil contacting their resource area. An online TAP viewer with the GNOME-generated data from this study will be publicly available along with the ROMS hind cast data for oil spill response planning along with other oceanographic modeling needs.
Biodegradation of hydrocarbon by marine-derived fungi isolated from oil-contaminated beach and mangrove soil in Western Visayas, Philippines
Authors: Sadaba Resurreccion B. , Niego Allen Grace T.
Published: December 2017

Napocor Power Barge 103 was dislodged from its moorings and then slammed onto the rocky shoreline of Barangay Botongon when Typhoon Yolanda made a landfall in northern Iloilo on November 8, 2013. The oil spilled contaminated about a kilometre of Estancia's coastline and partly that of neighbouring town of Batad in Northern Iloilo, Western Visayas, Philippines. The present study aimed to isolate and evaluate hydrocarbon-degrading (singly or in combination) abillities of indigenous fungal flora from oil contaminated beach and mangrove soils in these areas.

Results showed a total of twenty genera of marine-derived fungi were isolated. These genera included Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Curvularia, Monilia, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Trichoderma, Verticillium and Yeast. Among the species, Aspergillus fumigatus obtained the highest frequency of occurrence (43.06%). Penicillium sp1 (EB331) got the highest value for individual category on TPH (64.70%) and PAH (43.42%) degradation. The consortium of Aspergillus fumigatus and Paecilomyces sp1, A+D obtained the highest values of 69.38% and 66.59% on the degradation of TPH and PAH with the increased efficacy of 13.61% and 42.41% on two species consortia. Moreover, the consortium composed of Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus cf. repens and Paecilomyces sp1, A+B+D also were the best degraders of TPH and PAH with the values of 67.87% and 66.95% and increased efficacy of . 13.33% and 47.10%, respectively.Aspergillus cf. repens (BB231) got the highest value (81.98%) on the degradation of alkanes. The consortium of Aspergillus fumigatus and A. niger, A+C were the best alkane degraders at 77.93%with increased efficacy of 8.0%. Finally, the consortium of Aspergillus niger, Paeclomyces sp1 and Penicillium sp1, C+D+E recorded the highest value at 76.99% on the degradation of total alkanes with increased efficacy of 2.20%. This study has demonstrated the hydrocarbon-biodegradtion potential of tropical fungi isolated from oil contaminated habitats useful for future bioremediation activities.
LONG TERM ICE EXPOSURE STUDIES FOR ENHANCING ARCTIC NEBA SCIENCE BASE
Authors:   Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology JIP
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT #2017-097

The Arctic Oil Spill Response Technology - Joint Industry Programme has the goal to advance arctic oil spill response strategies and equipment as well as to increase understanding of potential impacts of oil on the Arctic marine environment. In 2013 a comprehensive review of investigations into environmental consequences of spilled oil and oil spill response technologies in the Arctic marine environment was performed by a multi-disciplinary team of experts. This review indicated that there is a significant science base for oil spill response decision-making in the Arctic already available and also listed recommendations for studies to enhance the science-base for Arctic Net Environmental Benefit Analysis (NEBA). To follow up on the reviews’ recommendations a unique long-term mesocosm experiment was executed to improve the scientific knowledge of the fate and biodegradation of oil and oil spill response residues in ice, as well as the environmental effects to ice associated ecology. Eight mesocosms were installed in the sea ice of the Van Mijenfjorden in Svea, Svalbard, Norway in February 2015 and remained in place until July 2015.

The study was designed to monitor the long term fate, behaviour, persistence and biodegradation of the oil in ice together with the impact on the microbial communities, following different response scenarios. Additionally, under-ice phyto- and zooplankton communities were sampled and monitored for effects. The same exposures were replicated in the laboratory to measure the sensitivity and resilience of the polar cod. Over the five month period that the mesocosm experiment lasted, the following parameters were studied within the water column, through the ice layer and within the water-ice interface:Chemical composition of the oilBacterial populations and oil degrading microorganismsMicrobial activity and biodegradation activityZooplankton - survival, feeding and reproduction (under ice)Ice algae primary production

Results from the studies and additional modelling activities have improved our understanding of what happens to oil once frozen into ice, how microbiology is reacting to oil in ice and what the exposure potential is of the ecology associated with the ice. This information enhances the NEBA science base and helps the response community in selecting a combination of response strategies that minimises the effects to people and the environment.
International Ice Services’ Planning for an Arctic Oil Spill Response
Authors: McGrath CDR Gabrielle G.
Published: December 2017

ABSTRACT 2017-382

Formed in 1999, the International Ice Charting Working Group (IICWG) is a consortium of the ice services from all over the world. The operational ice services representing nations from both the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, including all eight Arctic Council nations, come together with a common goal of promoting cooperation between the world’s ice centers on all matters concerning sea ice and icebergs. In 2013, the IICWG began to focus on how the ice services can support an emergency response in ice-laden waters. This focus was on providing current and forecasted information on sea ice and iceberg conditions in the area of the incident as well as for the shipping routes approaching the area. With rapidly changing sea ice, ice information would be critical to planning an effective response. The IICWG formed a partnership with the International Tanker Owners Pollution Federation Limited (ITOPF) and Oil Spill Response Limited (OSRL) in 2015 to expand the awareness of the ice services and their capabilities to the oil companies and oil spill removal organizations. In 2016, the IICWG conducted an unannounced emergency notification exercise to validate the contact information for each of the ice services. In an effort to ensure responders would be able to access the most accurate contact information, IICWG published this ice services’ contact list worldwide in classification society periodicals. The preparations of these nations culminated in a Tabletop Exercise at the group’s annual meeting in October 2016 in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. The exercise scenario involved a major oil spill response in ice-infested waters with participants from the ice services, maritime users, satellite data providers, and OSRL. The lessons learned from this exercise will prepare all of the ice services for a coordinated oil spill response. The IICWG also collaborated with the Arctic Council Emergency Prevention, Preparedness, and Response Working Group for future exercises and planning.
A Comprehensive System for Simulating Oil Spill Trajectory and Behaviour in Subsurface and Surface Water Environments
Authors: Li Pu , Niu Haibo , Li Shihan , Fernandes Rodrigo , Neves Ramiro
Published: December 2017

Abstract 2017-184:

Accidental release of pollutants such as offshore oil spills can cause significant negative impacts on the environment and socio-economy, and constitutes a direct hazard to marine life and human health. Particularly, deepwater blowout released spills are more challenging to study because the trajectory and behaviour of oil are difficult to be comprehensively simulated. Although there are many integrated or coupled models available, there still lacks open source deepwater oil spill models to predict not only the trajectory but also the mass balance of oil. It is the objective of this study to fill this gap by coupling the Texas A&M Oilspill Calculator (TAMOC) for nearfield simulation and the advanced oil spill module in the Modelo Hidrodinâmico (MOHID) 3D Water modeling system. In addition, the Weber number scaling approach is also integrated in both the near- and far-field simulation for oil droplet size prediction. The applicability of the proposed comprehensive system is tested by a case study of simulation of oil spills released from a depth of 3,500 m in the Scotian Shelf, Canada. The results demonstrate a high feasibility of the proposed system. By providing comprehensive simulation for oil spills, the developed system should provide significant support to the response to offshore oil spill, especially from deepwater blowout.