bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Do Our Graduates Need to Know?
Authors: Shaw Ruth G.
Published: October 2006

The Dallas County Community College District embarked on a project in 1977 to identify some specific educational outcomes for its graduates. Such endeavors contribute to strengthening the liberal arts in community colleges.
Professional status and community college faculty: The role of the associations
Authors: Schmeltekopf Donald D.
Published: October 2006

Many community college faculty do not view themselves as participants in a set of activities that extend beyond the isolated classroom. They may or may not be good teachers; the point here is that they accept no responsibility for the profession itself, in teaching or in their disciplines.
The Humanities Amidst the Bureaucratic Realities
Authors: Terry John
Published: October 2006

A state director of a community college system examines the prospects for the humanities within the bureaucratic structure and concludes that leadership is needed to sustain the role of the humanities in the bureaucracy.
Counseling for today's community college students
Authors: Robbins William A.
Published: October 2006

Community college counseling is eclectic and collaborative in nature, operating across the entire college and standing at the very core of a strong student services program.
Special Roles with Special Students
Authors: Moore William
Published: October 2006

Special services should serve as catalysts, not crutches, helping students become intellectually and emotionally tough.
Advisement and counseling challenges facing community college educators: The miami‐dade experience
Authors: Schinoff Richard B.
Published: October 2006

Challenges facing counselors involve assessment, course, and program placement, developmental studies, and accountability. Witness Miami‐Dade's answer to those challenges.
The Decade Ahead for Community College Counseling
Authors: Thurston Alice S.
Published: October 2006

Societal transitions and shrinking resources are profoundly affecting community college counseling. Survival will mean creative use of change to help colleges adopt human development as their unifying purpose.
Strategic Elements of External Relationships
Authors: Gollattscheck James F.
Published: October 2006

A Comprehensive community college is, to a great extent, the sum of its external relationships, for the totality of these relationships defines the mission, role, and scope of the community college.
The role of the Chief Executive Officer in Strategic Staff Development
Authors: Armes Nancy , Oapos;Banion Terry
Published: October 2006

If the top leaders of a college are catalytic figures in ensuring the quality of the strategic vision, indeed, in ensuring that the vision even exists, how can we equip our leaders to design healthy, viable visions?
Maximizing Institutional Responsiveness to Changing Environmental Conditions
Authors: Alfred Richard L.
Published: October 2006

Leadership in community colleges cannot be conceptualized from a rational perspective. This chapter examines changing environmental conditions facing community colleges and uses a symbolic interaction model to analyze the potential of administrators to provide leadership for institutional development.
Tapping Neglected Leadership Sources
Authors: Eaton Judith S.
Published: October 2006

A focus on women may provide some answers and insights into barriers that emerging forces in leadership must surmount in a male‐dominated enterprise.
Microcomputers in Science Instruction
Authors: Spraggs Laurence D.
Published: October 2006

Computer applications have long been recognized in the sciences, but only recently has microcomputer technology made it possible for computers to reach the science classroom and provide computing power for not only the work of science but also the learning of science.
The Microcomputer in Business Education
Authors: McKay David R.
Published: October 2006

Teachers must face the challenge of computerization, especially as computers come down in cost, students become increasingly computer‐literate, and school budgets begin to reflect the cost of a new technology.
Developing customized programs for steel and other heavy industries
Authors: Day Philip R.
Published: October 2006

A unique approach to customized training which takes into account issues related to traditional labor‐management problems, the need to reflect a broad‐based and grassroots involvement of targeted groups, and the need to base the training method and content upon identified, job‐related competencies is described.
Partnerships for employee training: Implications for education, business, and industry
Authors: Luther David B.
Published: October 2006

The role training has played in improving productivity at Corning Glass Works is described, and suggestions for educators entering the “training business” are provided.
Power on the periphery: Faculty and student roles in governance
Authors: Alfred Richard L.
Published: October 2006

Given the relationship between effective governance and shared purpose, the future of the institution is best served by fully using the resource potential of faculty and students in decision making.
Auxiliary and service enterprises
Authors: Stumph Wayne J.
Published: October 2006

Auxiliary and service enterprises may be operated by the college, by a separate corporation formed by the college, or by a contract or lease operator. The concern of the college should be to provide appropriate levels of service at an acceptable profit.
The effective chairperson
Authors: Lardner Peter
Published: October 2006

The effective chairperson must always emphasize the best interests of the institution.
Responding to criticism of developmental education
Authors: Cohen Arthur M.
Published: October 2006

Thorough integration of developmental education throughout the curriculum is both a practical response to declines in student literacy and an essential step in the protection of the community college's collegiate identity.
Needs analysis: The link to the future
Authors: Smith Donald B.
Published: October 2006

As traditional two‐year colleges move from the role of junior colleges, becoming full‐service community colleges, a better understanding of the resources available to conduct program needs analysis has become critical.
The role of the teacher‐made test in higher education
Authors: Anderson Scarvia B.
Published: October 2006

Teacher‐made tests are more than assessment devices: They are a fundamental part of the educational process. They can define instructional purposes, influence what students study, and help instructors to gain perspective on their courses. How well the tests accomplish these purposes is a function of their quality.
Editors' notes
Authors: Wilms Wellford W. , Moore Richard W.
Published: October 2006

Richard W. Moore is the executive director of Training Research Corporation.
History of the high school connection
Authors: Stoel Carol F.
Published: October 2006

An observation of the evolution of high school‐college connections, along with noteworthy examples, challenges the educator to consider the future direction of collaboration.
California's $30 million course cuts
Authors: Hayward Gerald C.
Published: October 2006

Experience in California highlights state 1egislators' responsibility to communicate their clear expectations of community colleges' mission.
Triton college: One institution's search for distinctiveness
Authors: Townsend Barbara K. , Catanzaro James L.
Published: October 2006

Triton College's search for institutional distinctiveness, assisted by an outside researcher, provided college constituencies with new insights about their institution.
Student development and college services: A focus on consumers
Authors: Leach Ernest R.
Published: October 2006

Student development personnel must focus on consumer needs, not only of students but also of the college and the community.
Alternative education/alternative revenue. A. Contract training: Public and private sector models
Authors: Lestina Raymond , Curry Beverly A.
Published: October 2006

Contract training not only means additional institutional reuenue but is an important business, industry, and public agency connection for the community college.
A history of resilience
Authors: Woodroof Robert H.
Published: October 2006

Once deemed the answer to the cries for a more egalitarian higher education system in the United States, the private liberal arts junior college is now in its forty‐fifth year of decline.
The effective development of nontraditional study‐abroad programs
Authors: Spofford William K.
Published: October 2006

An experienced director of international education gives some practical advice for administrators of study‐abroad programs aimed at the general student body.
Consortial approaches to international education
Authors: McLean John J.
Published: October 2006

A college interested in ojering study‐abroad options can provide many high‐quality programs to its students through consort membership and a modest investment of resources.
Effective support services for international students
Authors: Tilhan Martin J.
Published: October 2006

Institutional commitment and adequate resources are needed to prde effective support services for foreign students in community colleges.
Role of the LRC in developmental and literacy education
Authors: Holleman Margaret , Todaro‐Cagle Julie Beth , Murray Barbara
Published: October 2006

State‐mandated assessment, testing, and literacy efforts will require LRC staff to work with developmental faculty in creating integrated assignments for increasing numbers of underprepared community college students.
Telecourses: Instructional design for nontraditional students
Authors: Pohrte Theodore W.
Published: October 2006

Community college telecommunications centers have played a dominant national role in producing high‐quality telecourses in a broad variety of subject fields to accommodate increasing numbers of nontraditional students.
The instructional role of two‐year college LRCS
Authors: Raufman Lisa , Williams Dana Nicole , Colby Anita
Published: October 2006

Examples of LRC involvement in teaching and learning are provided.
The traditional centralized model of institutional research
Authors: Slark Julie
Published: October 2006

The centralized research model has the advantage of closely coordinating an institution's research activities.
Building on realities: WAC programs at community colleges
Authors: Stout Barbara R. , Magnotto Joyce N.
Published: October 2006

A national survey shows that community colleges have developed WAC programs whose characteristics are specially suited to the two‐year colleges.
A solution to student‐faculty mismatch
Authors: Cummins Marsha Z. , Stuchin‐Paprin Jacqueline , Lambert Judith R.
Published: October 2006

Two geographically diverse WAC programs succeed in staff development because of good design and consistent administrative support.
Discipline‐specific assignments: Primary resources for writing across the curriculum
Authors: Laipson Hannah Karp
Published: October 2006

Influenced by WAC, faculty redesign traditional writing assignments not only to develop clarity and coherence in discipline‐specific genres but also to promote learning.
Formalizing WAC in the curriculum: Writing‐emphasis courses
Authors: Durfee Patricia , Sova Ann , Bay Libby , Leech Nancy , Fearrien Robert , Lucas Ruth
Published: October 2006

Three geographically diverse community colleges have implemented writing‐emphasis courses and demonstrated that WAC is no longer merely a trend or an innovative idea but a real and necessary part of every college curriculum.
Organizing a WAC evaluation project: Implications for program planning
Authors: Hughes‐Wiener Gail , Jensen‐Cekalla Susan K.
Published: October 2006

A WAC evaluation project is multifaceted, participative, and formative and requires close coordination with the WAC program itself for effective implementation.
The writing consultancy project
Authors: Godwin Christine M.
Published: October 2006

This WAC program sends English department writing consultants into eight major technical and allied‐health programs.
Minority student recruitment: A connecticut model
Authors: Williams Ronald A. , Cox Mary Anne
Published: October 2006

Connecticut's recognition of the need to respond decisively to the challenge of minority recruitment has led to a comprehensive array of programs to attract minority students.
Minority student retention
Authors: Henderson James C.
Published: October 2006

Although there have been numerous publications centered on the Hispanic and black student and a recent increase in articles concerning the Asian student, there is relatively little research focusing specifically on retention of the Native American student.
Minority transfer: A national and state legislative perspective
Authors: Bender Louis W.
Published: October 2006

Several states have created public policy intended to perpetuate the ideals of educational equity.
The many faces of transfer education
Authors: Eaton Judith S.
Published: October 2006

We need to focus on transfer as an activity that students undertake, not simply as institutional actions to assist transfer students.
Strategic alignment of community colleges and state economic policy
Authors: Melville John G. , Chmura Thomas J.
Published: October 2006

The 1990s will become the decade of strategic alignment of community colleges and state economic development policy—a formalization of new priorities, roles, and partnerships.
Assuming a leadership role in community economic development
Authors: Kopecek Robert J.
Published: October 2006

Community college presidents who wish to become leaders in economic development need to know their environments and to recognize clearly what types of growth are appropriate to and should be fostered in their communities.
Renovating cooperative education programs
Authors: Rheams Patricia A. , Saint Fred
Published: October 2006

How can existing cooperative education programs be enhanced to achieve desired outcomes in work force development?
Meeting health care credentialing needs
Authors: Turkeltaub Madeline K.
Published: October 2006

The development of health care programs specific to community needs can positively affect the supply of health services, provide a stable work force since graduates of community colleges often remain in the area, and increase accountability for programs.
Scholarship in the humanities
Authors: Viniar Barbara , Bay Libby
Published: October 2006

If humanities faculty are not engaged in scholarship, if they are not active learners, they cannot effectively instruct students on the insights and skills that study in the humanities properly fosters.
Nurturing scholarship at community colleges
Authors: Palmer James C.
Published: October 2006

Professionals in all organizations need to be reminded periodically of their larger responsibilities, those that go beyond the day‐to‐day expectations of their jobs.
Teaching critical thinking across the curriculum
Authors: Chaffee John
Published: October 2006

By using an interdisciplinary approach to the teaching of critical thinking, educators as well as students can become lifelong learners who are active participants in their own educations.
The critical literacy seminar: A faculty development and rejuvenation strategy
Authors: Lee Margaret B. , Bers Trudy H. , Storinger Richard
Published: October 2006

Establishment of critical thinking as an integral part of an institution's curriculum can help renew the faculty's spirit and excitement about teaching and learning.
Tradition and transformation: Academic roots and the community college future
Authors: Mellander Gustavo A. , Robertson Bruce
Published: October 2006

New legislative and social realities will move community college faculty to assert their unique commitment to teaching and compel
their baccalaureate colleagues to respect their efforts.
The community college unbound
Authors: Vaughan George B.
Published: October 2006

The superiority of baccalaureate institutions as centers for research and publication has long been accepted by two‐year colleges. It is time for these colleges to recognize that they too make important contributions.
Gaining stature through community college‐university consortia
Authors: May Gwen , Smith Al
Published: October 2006

Community colleges have worked and are working with universities and four‐year colleges in a variety of consortia; these partnerships have enhanced and will continue to enhance the stature of community colleges in the United States.
To acquire stature: “To thine own self be true”
Authors: Hammons James O.
Published: October 2006

Rather than waste time attempting to impress universities, community colleges should focus their efforts on building stature by striving for excellence.
Sources and information: Community colleges and issues of articulation and quality
Authors: Hirshberg Diane
Published: October 2006

This chapter presents current literature on the relationship between community colleges and baccalaureate institutions, as well as on issues regarding the quality of two‐year colleges.
General education for at‐risk students
Authors: Rendón Laura I. , Fredrickson Janyth
Published: October 2006

Although community colleges have become the major point of entry into higher education for America's minorities, there are serious questions concerning their effectiveness as a base for the transfer and career paths of these students. What changes need to be made in general education to ensure greater success for minorities?
General education in occupational programs: The barriers can be surmounted
Authors: Edmonds Carole Finley
Published: October 2006

Humanities and technical‐professional educators have artificially separated general education and vocational education to the disadvantage of students. This chapter recommends ways to take down those barriers.
Sources and information: General education in the community college
Authors: Raisman Neal A. , Hsiao Karin Peteresen
Published: October 2006

An annotated bibliography is provided on general education in community colleges, including general background on the topic and discussions of the relationship berween general education and lifelong learning, the globalization of general education, and the role of general education in occupational and vocational Programs.
Intrusive academic advising
Authors: Garing Martha T.
Published: October 2006

Effective academic advising programs require structured intervention strategies at specified times from admission to graduation.
Regional accreditation and two‐year colleges
Authors: Palinchak Robert S.
Published: October 2006

Accreditation does what it is traditionally supposed to do, but not what it needs to do today.
Accreditation and two‐year branch campuses
Authors: Caldwell Corrinne A. , Cote Lawrence S.
Published: October 2006

Accreditation of two‐year branch campuses should be considered in relation to accreditation of other programs extended from a college's central campus.
The role of accreditation and general education in career curricula
Authors: Prager Carolyn
Published: October 2006

Although accrediting agencies permit two‐year colleges to reform general education more than is sometimes assumed, these agencies can do more to encourage general learning.
The president's role in building internal consensus for accreditation
Authors: Dobelle Evan S.
Published: October 2006

Effective presidents set the stage for accreditation long before the accreditors arrive; leading by example, they build consensus, empower faculty and staff, share governance, and accept criticism collegially.
After accreditation: How to institutionalize outcomes‐based assessment
Authors: Ryan G. Jeremiah
Published: October 2006

Well‐designed outcomes assessment can change the academic decision‐making culture from opinion based to information based.
Accreditation and the community college: Challenges and opportunities
Authors: Simmons Howard L.
Published: October 2006

Community colleges and accrediting agencies have a symbiotic relationship, and accreditors help colleges meet external challenges.
From boxing to ballet: Remaking a community college
Authors: Jackson Garth , Moulton Nancy
Published: October 2006

Canadore College's Associates Model of Governance views hierarchy as a value‐added process rather than a compliance control structure.
New players in management
Authors: Burgos‐Sasscer Ruth
Published: October 2006

In order for our colleges and universities to benefit fully from the skills and talents of the diverse men and women who are increasingly entering the managerial ranks, we must substantially modify individual attitudes and behaviors and make radical changes in organizational structures. Are we up to it?
The evaluation of customized training
Authors: Jacobs James , Bragg Debra
Published: October 2006

The conceptual framework described here provides a schema to categorize variables and elements to conduct systematic program evaluation and maintain records that demonstrate the accountability of the two‐year postsecondary institution's customized training programs.
Contract training: Avoiding the rodney dangerfield syndrome by practicing good internal marketing
Authors: Kothenbeutel Nancy , Dejardin Conrad
Published: October 2006

Although customized training programs are often at the cutting edge of education and technology, customized training units are not always fully integrated into the mainstream of the colleges' internal operations.
Environmental workplace assessment
Authors: Bernier Jacques , Jackson Nancy , Moore David
Published: October 2006

By assessing the cultural climate of an organization as a first step, education providers can gather essential baseline information about an organization and hence provide a guide for more shills‐specific assessment, curriculum development, delivery, and evaluation.
New frontiers: Nontraditional customized training
Authors: Israel Cary A.
Published: October 2006

Innovations in nontraditional customized training will continue to transform the entrepreneurial enterprise of community colleges. In the process, the training patterns of the institutions will change as well.
Source and information: Customized training in the community colleges
Authors: Deckelbaum David
Published: October 2006

This annotated bibliography lists ERIC documents on customized contract training, including an overview with analyses of one national survey and one Colorado statewide survey, and provides a section on planning, promoting, managing, and evaluating customized education programs and a section on building partnerships between colleges and their communities.
What influences community college ethnic studies course offerings?
Authors: Swayze Susan Sean
Published: October 2006

Why do ethnic studies courses exist? To what extent are they offered? Do ethnic studies course offerings vary with institutional characteristics?
Conclusion: The future for curriculum and transfer
Authors: Cohen Arthur M.
Published: October 2006

What do the 1990s hold in store for the community college curriculum? What trends are likely to affect the transfer function of the community college?
African American faculty in community colleges: Why they aren't there
Authors: Harvey William B.
Published: October 2006

The representation of African American faculty can influence the behavior of an institution and facilitate the hind of climate that would positively influence their retention and future recruitment.
California community college faculty from historically underrepresented racial and ethnic groups
Authors: Knoell Dorothy M.
Published: October 2006

The California Community Colleges have implemented a plan to achieve a full‐time faculty and staff work force that reflects the adult population of the state by the year 2005.
Effective strategies for enhancing minority faculty recruitment and retention
Authors: Opp Ronald D. , Smith Albert B.
Published: October 2006

The results of two surveys of 1,387 two‐year college administrators reveal that attitudinal and structural barriers need to be removed before improvements can be made in the percentage of minority full‐time faculty at community colleges.
Recruitment and retention of minority faculty
Authors: Robertson Piedad F. , Frier Ted
Published: October 2006

An educated populace, including an educated minority population, is essential to the economic and social well‐being of the nation.
Critical perspectives on community college education
Authors: Valadez James
Published: October 2006

New groups bring varying cultural perspectives to an institution and must undergo a period of negotiating differences with the established forces of the community college.
Sources and information: Recruiting and maintaining minority faculty
Authors: Laanan Frankie S.
Published: October 2006

An annotated bibliography is provided that reflects major issues involved in the recruitment and retention of community college minority faculty, including abstracts of articles on state‐level diversity plans, on developing a pipeline for minority faculty to teach at two‐year colleges, and on the role of leadership and its ability to affect community college diversity.
Assessment from the state perspective
Authors: McMillan Virginia K.
Published: October 2006

Assessment and accountability have become virtually synonymous for state‐level decision makers; multiple constituencies for assessment information and the imposition of state‐level reporting requirements complicate the assessment environment.
Assessment from a national perspective: Where are we, really?
Authors: Seybert Jeffrey A.
Published: October 2006

Although assessment is a nationwide phenomenon, there is great variance among community colleges in the extent to which assessment is occurring, faculty are involved, student accomplishments are measured, and assessment results are used for improving programs and services.
Obtaining student cooperation for assessment
Authors: Duvall Betty
Published: October 2006

Motivating students to participate in assessment activities and to take these efforts seriously is a continuing challenge.
Women and minorities in rural commmunity colleges: Programs for change
Authors: Gillett‐Karam Rosemary
Published: October 2006

The rural context and the place of women and minorities are presented and analyzed, along with some suggestions regarding issues where change is needed.
Environmental scanning practices for rural colleges
Authors: Friedel Janice Nahra , Lapin Joel D.
Published: October 2006

Enviroiimental scanning allows rural community colleges to forecast change, identify implications for the organization, and plan preferred responses to shape thefuture.
Program development in the rural community college
Authors: McNutt Anne S.
Published: October 2006

This chapter analyzes the impact of women on the community college presidency and their potential to make a unique contribution by connecting the characteristic strengths of their gender to the power of
their office.
Curriculum as a path to convergence
Authors: Hyslop Cheryl , Parsons Michael H.
Published: October 2006

The curricula of career and community colleges are changing, and the direction of change is toward convergence.
The Illusion of convergence: Federal student aid policy in community colleges and proprietary schools
Authors: Moore Richard W.
Published: October 2006

The author identifes federal student aid policy us the primary driver of adaptive change in proprietary institutions and suggests that the essential differences between proprietary schools and community colleges remain.
The piedmont Virginia community college experience in general education
Authors: Dicroce Deborah M. , Perkins David R.
Published: October 2006

The authors address the institutional context, goals, philosophy,external constraints, and assessment implications of the general education program at Piedmont Virginia Community College.
They offer four pieces of advice for institutions beginning their work in general education– namely, owneship, turf, larger external connections, and curricular restructuring.
The general education core at Shoreline community college
Authors: Rosenwasser Marie E.
Published: October 2006

Shoreline Community College has established general education outcomes that guide the design of a coherent core of study for both academic transfer and vocational students. Interesting features of the
general education program include integrated studies courses and learning communities.
Service learning: Why community colleges?
Authors: Barnett Lynn
Published: October 2006

More than any other segment of American higher education, community colleges play a unique role in their own communities. The AACC is sponsoring several community‐building and service learning projects at community college campuses across the nation.
The engaged campus
Authors: Lisman C. David
Published: October 2006

Colleges can engage themselves in community development by providing educational and service learning programs specifically designed to meet local economic and social needs.
Transfer: The elusive denominator
Authors: Spicer Scot L. , Armstrong William B.
Published: October 2006

The authors demonstrate the disparate and highly political variability of the seemingly objective statistical measure of community college student transfer rates.
Transfer as a function of interinstitutional faculty deliberations
Authors: Palmer James C.
Published: October 2006

Deliberations between faculty at two‐year and four‐year colleges can do much to articulate curricula, thereby enhancing transfer opportunities for community college students. But facilitating these deliberations will require radical departures from the traditions of classroom isolation that too often characterize faculty work.
Reproducible microvascular dysfunction with dobutamine infusion in Takotsubo cardiomyopathy presenting with ST segment elevation
Authors: Brewington Stacy D. , Abbas Amr A. , Dixon Simon R. , Grines Cindy L. , O'Neill William W.
Published: October 2006

Takotsubo (ampulla) cardiomyopathy, or broken heart syndrome, is an underrecognized cardiac illness that usually presents as an acute coronary syndrome in postmenopausal females. The disorder is frequently associated with episodes of mental or physical stress, implicating an abnormal cardiac response to increased catecholamines. Although death has been reported during the index event, the long‐term prognosis is good with full recovery of left ventricular function. We present a case of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy mimicking anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction precipitated by dobutamine stress testing. Reinfusion of dobutamine in the catheterization laboratory reproduced symptoms with angiography and intravascular ultrasound supporting the theory of abnormal microvascular circulation as the etiology of Takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Acute and delayed magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated no infarction with complete recovery of ventricular function. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Initial transcatheter palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome
Authors: Chan K.C. , Mashburn C. , Boucek M.M.
Published: October 2006

Initial percutaneous transcatheter palliation of hypoplastic left heart syndrome is now feasible. The primary procedures for palliation include stenting of the ductus arteriosus with a self expanding nitinol stent to secure an adequate systemic blood flow, placement of an internal pulmonary arterial band to protect the pulmonary vascular bed and to prevent pulmonary overcirculation, and widening of the interatrial communication by blade and balloon septostomy or static balloon dilation to decompress the left atrium. Anatomic variations of the ductus arteriosus have important implications for technical success with ductal stenting. Patients who have undergone complete transcatheter palliation with the internal pulmonary band appear to have less immediate morbidity at the time of transplant, with preserved integrity and growth of the branch pulmonary arteries at one year follow‐up. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Failure of cutting balloon angioplasty to prevent restenosis in childhood pulmonary venous stenosis
Authors: McMahon Colin J. , McDermott Michael , Walsh Kevin P.
Published: October 2006

We describe bilateral pulmonary vein stenosis in a 5‐year‐old boy. He initially presented with haemoptysis secondary to left upper lobe pulmonary vein atresia and left lower lobe stenosis and subsequently he underwent left‐sided pneumonectomy. He underwent repeat cardiac catheterizations with repeated balloon angioplasty of the right‐sided venous stenoses using a cutting balloon. Despite satisfactory initial results the pulmonary venous stenosis reoccurred as early as 2 months following balloon angioplasty. Although cutting balloon angioplasty has demonstrated effective immediate alleviation of pulmonary venous stenosis its utility in providing sustained improvement in pulmonary vein stenosis is limited. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
An 84‐year‐old patient with an atrial septal defect rescued using the amplatzer septal occluder device
Authors: Sato Tetsuya , Hioka Toru , Akagi Teiji
Published: October 2006

We report the case of a rescued 84‐year‐old patient with atrial septal defect (ASD) who was emergently admitted to our intensive care unit with progressive dyspnea requiring mechanical ventilation for severe anoxia and respiratory arrest. She had no history of congenital heart diseases. ECG and chest X‐ray revealed overload of the right atrium and ventricle, and severe increase in pulmonary vascular markings. Transesophageal echocardiography showed a moderately large size ASD (18 x 23 mm2). Hemodynamic evaluation documented an increase in PA pressure of 37/16 mm Hg and Qp/Qs of 2.33. Her systemic condition did not improve following diuretics, cathecholamine, and afterload‐reducing substances. She required mechanical ventilation for severe hypoxia. She underwent successful closure of the ASD using an Amplatzer septal occluder on day 17. Hemodynamics and findings on chest X‐ray dramatically improved after this procedure. She was discharged from the hospital on foot. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Suture‐mediated closure of a patent foramen ovale during surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass
Authors: Lee Tobias T. , De la Torre Ralph , Carrozza Joseph P.
Published: October 2006

A patent foramen ovale (PFO) is associated with an increased risk of recurrent ischemic strokes and transient ischemic attacks due to paradoxical emboli in patients with prior neurological events. We report a case of a surgical suture‐mediated of a PFO closure without cardiopulmonary bypass in a patient with recurrent cerebral ischemic events, who was intolerant of medical therapy, was a poor candidate for catheter‐based PFO closure, and presented as a potentially high risk for poor wound healing from traditional surgical closure. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
The StarClose® vascular closure system: Interventional results from the CLIP study
Authors: Hermiller J.B. , Simonton C. , Hinohara T. , Lee D. , Cannon L. , Mooney M. , O'Shaughnessy C. , Carlson H. , Fortuna R. , Zapien M. , Fletcher D.R. , DiDonato K. , Chou T.M.
Published: October 2006

Background: The StarClose® Vascular Closure System is a femoral access site closure technology that uses a flexible nitinol clip to complete a circumferential, extravascular arteriotomy close. The Clip CLosure In Percutaneous Procedures study was initiated to study the safety and efficacy of the StarClose device in subjects undergoing diagnostic and interventional catheterization procedures. Methods: A total of 17 U.S. sites enrolled 596 subjects, with 483 subjects randomized at a 2:1 ratio to receive StarClose or standard compression of the arteriotomy after the percutaneous procedure. The study included roll‐in (n = 113), diagnostic (n = 208), and interventional (n = 275) arms with a primary safety endpoint of major vascular complications through 30 days and a primary efficacy endpoint of postprocedure time to hemostasis. Results: The results of the diagnostic StarClose cohort have been reported separately. Results for the interventional arm revealed major vascular complications occurring in 1.1% of StarClose subjects (2/184) and 1.1% in manual compression subjects (1/91; P = 1.00). No infections were seen in either cohort. Minor complications in the StarClose interventional group occurred at a rate of 4.3% (8/184) and with compression at 9.9% (9/91; P = 0.107). Pseudoaneurysm or arteriovenous fistula was not seen with StarClose. With StarClose, procedural success was 100% (136/136) for the diagnostic group and 98.9% (181/183) in the interventional group. Device success for the treatment group was 86.8%. In the interventional cohort, 87.3% (158/181) of StarClose subjects reported a pain scale of 0–3 compared with 93.3% (84/90) in the compression group, which was not statistically different. Conclusions: The clinical results of this study demonstrate that the StarClose Vascular Closure System is noninferior to manual compression with respect to the primary safety endpoint of major vascular events in subjects who undergo percutaneous interventional procedures. StarClose significantly reduced time to hemostasis, ambulation, and dischargeability when compared with compression. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Direct Catalytic Enantioselective α‐Aminomethylation of Aldehydes
Authors: Ibrahem Ismail , Zhao Gui‐Ling , Córdova Armando
Published: October 2006

The direct catalytic asymmetric α‐aminomethylation of aldehydes is presented. The chiral amine and amino acid catalyzed reactions between unmodified aldehydes and a formaldehyde‐derived imine precursor were fast and proceeded with high chemo‐ and enantioselectivities. The corresponding dibenzyl‐protected γ‐amino alcohols were isolated in high yields with up to 98 % ee after in situ reduction. The reaction is a novel entry to valuable β2‐amino acid derivatives.
Multiinstitutional validation of the UCSF cancer of the prostate risk assessment for prediction of recurrence after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Cooperberg Matthew R. , Freedland Stephen J. , Pasta David J. , Elkin Eric P. , Presti Joseph C. , Amling Christopher L. , Terris Martha K. , Aronson William J. , Kane Christopher J. , Carroll Peter R.
Published: October 2006

BACKGROUND.

The University of California, San Francisco (UCSF) Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment (CAPRA) is a novel preoperative index which predicts the risk of biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy. The performance of the index is at least as good as the best available instruments based on clinical variables, and the 0 to 10 score is simple to calculate for both clinical and research purposes. This study used a large external dataset to validate CAPRA.

METHODS.

Data were abstracted from the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital (SEARCH) database, a registry of men who underwent radical prostatectomy at 4 Veterans Affairs and 1 active military medical center. Of 2096 men in the database, 1346 (64%) had full data available to calculate the CAPRA score. Performance of the CAPRA score was assessed with proportional hazards regression, survival analysis, and the concordance (c) index.

RESULTS.

Of the studied patients, 41% were non‐Caucasian, and their mean age was 62 years. Twenty‐six percent suffered recurrence; median follow‐up among patients who did not recur was 34 months. The hazard ratio (HR) for each 1‐point increase in CAPRA was 1.39 (95% CI [confidence interval], 1.31–1.46). The 5‐year recurrence‐free survival rate ranged from 86% for CAPRA 0–1 patients to 21% for CAPRA 7–10 patients. Increasing CAPRA scores were significantly associated with increasing risk of adverse pathologic outcomes. The c‐index for CAPRA for the validation set was 0.68, compared with 0.66 for the original development set.

CONCLUSIONS.

The UCSF‐CAPRA accurately predicted both biochemical and pathologic outcomes after radical prostatectomy among a large, diverse, cohort of men. These results validated the effectiveness of this powerful and straightforward instrument. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Molecularly targeted therapy for melanoma
Authors: Becker Jürgen C. , Kirkwood John M. , Agarwala Sanjiv S. , Dummer Reinhard , Schrama David , Hauschild Axel
Published: October 2006

Effective therapy for melanoma remains an unmet goal, with most traditional therapies representing inadequate trade‐offs among the several goals of specificity, efficacy, and toxicity. Targeted molecular therapeutics are tailored to genetic abnormalities that are associated with tumor progression. Modulation of aberrant signaling pathways in cancer cells has the potential to provide more effective and potentially nontoxic therapy for a broad range of cancers, including melanoma. Among the possible targets in melanoma are the Ras‐MAPK and PI3K/AKT signal transduction pathways, the proteasome, histone deacetylases, methyltransferases, and melanoma‐induced angiogenesis. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Is intraoperative touch imprint cytology of sentinel lymph nodes in patients with breast cancer cost effective?
Authors: Jeruss Jacqueline S. , Hunt Kelly K. , Xing Yan , Krishnamurthy Savitri , Meric‐Bernstam Funda , Cantor Scott B. , Ross Merrick I. , Cormier Janice N.
Published: October 2006

BACKGROUND.

Sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) are generally evaluated postoperatively, requiring 5–7 days for assessment. SLNs can also be evaluated intraoperatively by using touch imprint cytology (TIC), thus providing the surgeon immediate feedback and allowing for concurrent completion node dissection (CND) for positive SLNs. The authors hypothesized that TIC, when compared with standard postoperative SLN assessment alone, would permit a cost‐effective evaluation of SLNs in patients with clinically node‐negative breast cancer.

METHODS.

A decision‐analysis model was created to compare TIC with standard postoperative SLN assessment alone. Sensitivity and specificity of TIC were determined prospectively from 342 patients who underwent SLN biopsy assessed by both techniques. Short‐term health states associated with surgical staging were defined, and utilities were estimated using EuroQol‐5D. Base‐case analysis was performed to estimate quality‐adjusted life years and the incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio. Sensitivity analyses were performed to examine stability of model parameters.

RESULTS.

For each tumor stage, TIC was cost effective, and for patients with larger tumors (T3 and T4), TIC was the dominant strategy. The analysis was robust to changes in sensitivity and specificity of TIC, prevalence of metastasis, probability of complications, and cost. However, when utility associated with standard SLN assessment was 0.9 or greater, this became the preferred strategy.

CONCLUSIONS.

TIC is cost effective for assessing SLN metastasis intraoperatively. For patients with larger tumors, it is not only more effective, but also less costly than standard SLN assessment alone. TIC may be particularly useful for patients who experience significant anxiety while awaiting results of standard SLN assessment. Cancer 2006. © 2006 American Cancer Society.
Eph–ephrin A system regulates murine blastocyst attachment and spreading
Authors: Fujii Haruko , Tatsumi Keiji , Kosaka Kenzo , Yoshioka Shinya , Fujiwara Hiroshi , Fujii Shingo
Published: October 2006

Although numerous adhesion molecules are expressed on mammalian endometrial epithelial cells, there have not been any studies of a mechanism to prevent premature attachment of the embryo. In this study, we examined the possible involvement of Eph–ephrin interaction, which can induce repulsive forces. In mice, Eph A1, A2, and A4 were expressed on endometrial epithelial cells and ephrin A1–4 on blastocysts. Reverse transcriptase‐polymerase chain reaction showed that mRNA expression of ephrin A1–4 on embryos transiently decreased around the implantation period. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the expression of Eph A1 on endometrial epithelial cells and ephrin A1 and A3 expression on embryos decreased at implantation sites. Recombinant Eph A1 reacted with cell the surface of ephrin A‐bearing trophectoderm cells. Attachment assays using Eph A1‐coated dishes showed that blastocyst attachment was reversibly inhibited by Eph A1. These findings suggest an important role of the Eph–ephrin A system in regulating the initial embryo–maternal contact during the cross‐talk period that precedes embryo implantation. Developmental Dynamics 235:3250–3258, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Candidate regulators of mammary branching morphogenesis identified by genome‐wide transcript analysis
Authors: Kouros‐Mehr Hosein , Werb Zena
Published: October 2006

The mammary gland develops in a process known as branching morphogenesis, whereby a distal epithelial bud extends and bifurcates to form an extensive ductal network. Compared with other branched organs, such as the lung and kidney, little is known about the molecular basis of branching in the mammary gland. Here we report a microarray profiling strategy to identify novel genes that may regulate mammary branching. We microdissected terminal end bud (TEB) and mature duct microenvironments from β‐actin–green fluorescent protein reporter mice and compared their RNA expression profiles with epithelium‐free mammary stroma by means of microarray. We identified 1,074 genes enriched in the TEB microenvironment, 222 genes enriched in the mature duct microenvironment, and 385 genes enriched in both TEB and mature duct microenvironments. The microarray correctly predicted the expression of genes known to be enriched in the epithelium (Ets‐5) and stroma (MMP‐14) of TEBs and in the mature duct microenvironment (MMP‐3). The microarray also correctly predicted the localization of previously uncharacterized genes, such as the TEB‐enriched SPRR‐1a, the duct‐enriched casein‐γ, and the general epithelial marker pleiotrophin. Analysis of genes enriched in TEBs revealed several genes in the Wnt (Wnt‐2, Wnt‐5a, Wnt‐7b, Dsh‐3, Frizzled‐1, Frizzled‐2), hedgehog (Dhh), ephrin (Ephrin‐B1, Eph‐A2), and transcription factor (Twist‐1, Twist‐2, Snail) families. In situ hybridization verified that these genes were enriched in the TEB epithelium (Wnt‐5a, Wnt‐7b, Dhh, Eph‐A2) or TEB stroma (Wnt‐2, Frizzled‐1, Ephrin‐B1). We discuss the potential roles of these genes in mammary branching morphogenesis. Developmental Dynamics 235:3404–3412, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.
Oxalato‐Bridged Dinuclear Copper(II) Complexes of N‐Alkylated Derivatives of 1,4,7‐Triazacyclononane: Synthesis, X‐ray Crystal Structures and Magnetic Properties
Authors: Belousoff Matthew J. , Graham Bim , Moubaraki Boujemaa , Murray Keith S. , Spiccia Leone
Published: October 2006

The synthesis, X‐ray crystal structure and magnetic properties of two oxalato‐bridged dinuclear CuII complexes, [L‐Cu(μ‐ox)Cu‐L](ClO4)2, where ox = oxalate and L = 1,4,7‐trimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (Me3tacn) or 1‐benzyl‐4,7‐dimethyl‐1,4,7‐triazacyclononane (BzMe2tacn) are reported, as well as the X‐ray crystal structure of the mononuclear complex, [Cu(Me3tacn)(OH2)2](ClO4)2, which features an extended H‐bonding network between the ligand and the perchlorate counterions. The crystal structures of the dinuclear complexes both feature a centrosymmetric complex cation in which the two copper centres exist in a distorted square‐pyramidal geometry, with each end capped by a facially coordinated “tacn” unit, and are bridged by an oxalate anion. Variable‐temperature magnetic susceptibility measurements revealed strong antiferromagnetic interactions between the CuII centres, with 2J values of ca. –300 cm–1, even though the Cu···Cu separation is very long, viz. 5.18 Å (BzMe2tacn) and 5.47 Å (Me3tacn). The separation for the Me3tacn complex is the longest separation reported for this type of CuII complex. No pattern could be detected between the J values and structural features for 21 oxalato‐bridged complexes. (© Wiley‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 69451 Weinheim, Germany, 2006)