bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Superior Flame Retardancy, Mechanical and Dielectric Properties of Epoxy Resin Composites Based on Molybdenum Disulfide‐Melamine Trimetaphosphate Crystallite Composites
Authors: Qin Peifan , Yi Deqi , Hao Jianwei , Gao Ming , Cao Xuewei , Sun Qixing , Zhou Jin
Published: February 2025

To improve the flame retardancy, mechanical and dielectric properties of epoxy resin (EP), promoting the application in aeronautic industry and other fields, molybdenum disulfide‐melamine trimetaphosphate (MoS2‐MAP) crystallite composites are synthesized. The chemical, crystalline structure and thermal stabilities of MoS2‐MAPs are thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), X‐ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and thermo‐gravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques, respectively. The morphologies of EP/MoS2‐MAP composites are assessed by SEM, thermal stability by TGA, fire retardancy by limiting oxygen index test (LOI), vertical burning standard test (UL‐94), and cone calorimeter tests, mechanical properties by stress strain tests, and dielectric properties by impedance analyzer. Compared with pure EP, the mechanical, dielectrical properties, thermal stabilities and flame retardancy of EP/MoS2‐MAP composites can be significantly improved due to the good dispersibility of MoS2 and MAP in matrix. While, the properties of EP/MoS2‐MAP composites can be further adjusted by controlling the mass raito of MoS2 and MAP in MoS2‐MAP crystallite. EP with 4 wt% of MoS2‐MAP‐50% (P content: 0.30%) shows the lowest dielectric constant and dielectric loss values on the basis of good flame retardancy and mechanical properties. The results show that the MoS2‐MAP crystallite composites can promote the application of EP composites in aeronautical devices, radar detection and other fields.
Information About the Moments or the Likelihood Model Parameters? A Chicken and Egg Problem
Authors: Ardakani Omid M. , Asadi Majid , Soofi Ehsan S.
Published: February 2025

This article compares the information content of a sample for two competing Bayesian approaches. One approach follows Dennis Lindley's Bayesian standpoint, where one begins by formulating a prior for a parameter related to the problem in question and incorporates a likelihood to transition to a posterior. This contrasts with the usual Bayesian approach, where one starts with a likelihood model, formulates a prior distribution for its parameters, and derives the corresponding posterior. In both cases, the sample information content is measured using the difference between the prior and posterior entropies. We investigate this contrast in the context of learning about the moments of a variable. The maximum entropy principle is used to construct the likelihood model consistent with the given moment parameters. This likelihood model is then combined with the prior information on the parameters to derive the posterior. The model parameters are the Lagrange multipliers for the moment constraints. A prior for the moments induces a prior for the model parameters; however, the data provides differing amounts of information about them. The results obtained for several problems show that the information content using the two formulations can differ significantly. Additional information measures are derived to assess the effects of operating environments on the lifetimes of system components.
Transesterification of sunflower oil using catalysts obtained from the dispersion of potassium and calcium salts in mesoporous silica matrices
Authors: Benedictto Germán P. , Mardones Lucas E. , Legnoverde María S. , Basaldella Elena I.
Published: February 2025

A set of catalysts was synthesized by impregnating mesoporous silicas (SBA‐15 and MCF) with calcium and potassium salts. The solids obtained were characterized by Fourier transform infrared, scanning electron microscopy, N2 adsorption/desorption porosimetry, energy dispersive X‐ray analysis and X‐ray diffraction. These catalysts were assessed for the transesterification of sunflower oil into fatty acid methyl esters. The catalyst support and the solids containing calcium exhibited low activity under the mild conditions chosen for this study (65°C and self‐generated pressure). In contrast, the presence of potassium significantly enhanced transesterification at very short reaction times, irrespective of the support nature. The methyl ester content was found to be strongly influenced by the basicity of the catalysts, attributed to different potassium compounds, achieving conversions exceeding 98%. However, catalytic activity declined upon reuse, with only a 5% methyl ester content achieved in the second cycle. This confirmed the hypothesis that metal species leach into the reaction mixture with a mechanism similar to that of homogeneous ones.
Navigating the Future: Examining Sustainable and Resilient Drivers Shaping the Integration of Crowdshipping in E‐Commerce Logistics
Authors: Awasthi Sawyasachi , Verma Priyanka , Narkhede Balkrishna E.
Published: February 2025

The last mile is often subjected to unique challenges such as congested urban areas, unpredictable customer availability and the need for personalized services. To address these complexities, and to be competitive in the market, companies are increasingly turning towards innovative solutions. One such innovative solution is crowdshipping (CS). The concept of CS was first introduced by Walmart in 2013, where store customers may act as crowdshippers and fulfill the demands of online retailers or shops by transporting packages on their way home with guaranteed compensation. To understand the factors influencing CS and its potential to motivate logistics firms for delivery, this research work determines the 20 key sustainable and resilient factors affecting the adoption of CS in the e‐commerce logistics sector. Furthermore, the Neutrosophic Best‐Worst Method (NBWM) is employed to prioritize these factors, followed by the application of Neutrosophic Interpretive Structural Modeling (NISM) with cross‐impact matrix multiplication applied to classification (MICMAC) analysis to assess the interrelationships amongst the factors. The results of the NBWM reveal that technology for the successful implementation of CS, rating and reward system, delivery cost–time efficiency, CO2 emissions and service quality are the top five highly weighted factors. The results of NISM dictate the technology for the successful implementation of CS, integration of CS with the mainstream (operations research models), government interventions and the usage of back‐up drivers as the factors with the highest driving power. The proposed NBWM and NISM give direction to practitioners and policy managers in planning sustainable and resilient strategies for addressing CS implementation factors in the e‐commerce logistics sector. Further, competent strategies can be developed by the managers based on the prioritization and the driving and dependence power of CS adoption factors.
Utilization of Radical Prostatectomy Versus Radiation Therapy for Gleason Grade Group 5 Prostate Cancer Before and After USPSTF Grade D Recommendation Against Prostate‐Specific Antigen Screening in 2012
Authors: McGinnis H. Scott , Corriher Taylor , Janopaul‐Naylor James , Goyal Subir , Liu Yuan , Wang Zelin , Patel Sagar A.
Published: February 2025

Objectives

The 2012 United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) Grade D recommendation against prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) screening has resulted in a shift to higher‐stage prostate cancer (PC) at diagnosis. We evaluate the utilization of radical prostatectomy (RP) versus radiation therapy (RT) in the US for Gleason grade group 5 (GG5) prostate cancer before and after 2012.

Methods

We identified 34,011 men with localized GG5 PC undergoing primary therapy with (1) RP or (2) RT + androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) between 2004 and 2017 from the National Cancer Database. The chi‐square test was used to compare the relative use of RP and RT before versus after 2012. Annual use of RP versus RT from 2004 to 2017 was compared using Cochran‐Armitage test for trend. We modeled the effect of treatment year on the use of RP using multivariable logistic regression.

Results

Across all centers, the use of RP increased from 31% to 41% (p for trend < 0.001). 2012 was associated with significant inflection for increase in RP use in all centers. There was an increased odds of receiving RP after 2012 (adjusted OR 1.34, 95% CI 1.28–1.40, p < 0.001).

Conclusions

Utilization of RP for GG5 PC has significantly increased in the United States over the past decade. It remains unknown if outcomes may be compromised in this group of high‐risk men, many of whom require post‐prostatectomy RT and/or ADT. Prospective comparison of RP versus RT + ADT for GG5 PC are needed to determine optimal treatment for these patients.
Challenges and Clinical Relevance in Diagnosing Metastatic Cells From Non‐Hematopoietic Malignancies in Bone Marrow Aspirates
Authors: Kaspi Elise , Grosdidier Charlotte , Berda‐Haddad Yaël , Arpin Maud , Cointe Sylvie , Fritz Shirley , Bonifay Amandine , Koubi Marie , Jiguet‐Jiglaire Carine , Roll Patrice , Frankel Diane
Published: February 2025

Introduction

The causes of cytopenias are numerous, and the bone marrow aspirate helps to identify them. In rare cases, these cytopenias are due to bone marrow metastases from solid cancers. The techniques used in hematology laboratories are limited in characterizing these cells. Interaction with the cytopathology laboratory becomes critical for characterizing tumor cells and completing a comprehensive diagnosis from the bone marrow aspirate.

Methods

This article describes a series of 38 bone marrow aspirates from 36 patients with bicytopenias who underwent bone marrow aspiration and for whom the hematologists sent the sample to the cytopathology laboratory to complete the diagnosis by immunocytochemistry and FISH if necessary.

Results

The mean age of patients is 66 years, and the sex ratio is 2.8. Metastases were found in 11 cases of lung carcinoma, 4 cases of prostate carcinoma, 2 cases of breast carcinoma, 1 case of kidney carcinoma, 1 case of glioblastoma, 1 case of Ewing's sarcoma, and 1 case of melanoma. Among them, bone marrow aspiration was the only method to establish the initial diagnosis for seven patients. In six cases, immunocytochemistry confirmed the presence of carcinoma cells but could not identify their origin. In seven cases, tumor cells were insufficient to be characterized by immunocytochemistry.

Conclusion

Collaboration between laboratories is essential for the management of bone marrow aspirates containing non‐hematopoietic metastases. Bone marrow aspiration may be sufficient to diagnose solid tumors, enabling faster initiation of treatment for patients already at an advanced stage of their disease.
A viscoelastic supramolecular hydrogel co‐assembled from gatifloxacin and deoxyguanosine for the treatment of bacterial keratitis
Authors: Hu Jingjing , Shen Feimeng , Luo Jiajia , Yin Ruotian , Tao Yuqi , Cheng Yiyun
Published: February 2025

Bacterial keratitis is the most prevalent ocular surface infection, causing significant inconvenience to patients’ lives and posing a risk of blindness if mismanaged. The application of antibiotic gels has been a principal clinic therapeutic intervention due to the retarded ocular surface medication retention. However, current clinical gel formulations rely on high viscosity polymer matrices to improve retention, which often results in uneven gel layers, causing sticky sensation and prone to adhesion to periocular tissues during blinking, leading to clearance. In this study, we propose a supramolecular hydrogel assembled from antibiotic and natural nucleotide molecules with viscoelastic rheology and low cohesion texture. These features enabled it spread uniformly on the ocular surface, recover deformation after blinking, and are less likely to adhere to periocular tissues, significantly improving drug retention on the ocular surface and achieving better therapeutic effects in the treatment of bacterial keratitis. Additionally, the hydrogel is easy to prepare, has good visibility and safety, offering a new strategy for the development of ophthalmic gels.
Who calls, who engages? Families seeking treatment for anxiety and OCD
Authors: Jenkins Emma , Kemp Josh , Benito Kristen , O'Connor Erin , Norris Lesley A. , Herren Jennifer , Freeman Jennifer
Published: February 2025

Pediatric anxiety is among the most common mental health diagnoses for American youth, yet few youths diagnosed with anxiety/obsessive‐compulsive disorder (OCD) receive treatment. The majority of parents nationwide report at least some difficulty accessing mental health care for their child. Within the state of Rhode Island, where 12.7% of youth experienced anxiety concerns during 2021, 59% of caregivers reported difficulty accessing mental health care of any kind (Child and Adolescent Health Measurement Initiative, 2021‐2022). Access to exposure‐based CBT (exposure therapy), despite strong evidence as a frontline treatment for anxiety/OCD, is especially limited.
Sex Differences in Patients Presenting With ST‐Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Nonobstructive Coronary Arteries
Authors: Yildiz Mehmet , Pico Madison , Henry Timothy D. , Bergstedt Seth , Stanberry Larissa , Chambers Jenny , Shah Ananya , Volpenhein Lucas , Lantz Rebekah , Garberich Ross F. , Aguirre Frank V. , Garcia Santiago , Sharkey Scott W. , Quesada Odayme
Published: February 2025

Background

Sex differences in ST‐segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) due to obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) are well‐established, but limited research exists on sex differences in STEMI patients with nonobstructive coronary arteries (MINOCA) and MINOCA mimickers.

Methods

We analyzed 8560 consecutive STEMI patients, enrolled in the Midwest STEMI Consortium from 2003 to 2020. Patients with non‐obstructive CAD were classified into MINOCA (defined as < 50% coronary artery stenosis and confirmed or suspected coronary artery plaque disruption, epicardial coronary spasm, or coronary embolism/thrombosis) and MINOCA mimickers (takotsubo cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, or non‐ischemic cardiomyopathy). The primary outcome was 5‐year all‐cause mortality.

Results

Of the 8560 patients, 409 (4.8%) had non‐obstructive CAD, including 120 (1.4%) MINOCA and 289 (3.4%) MINOCA mimickers. Females were more likely to have MINOCA and MINOCA mimickers (49.2% and 56.4%, respectively). There were no significant sex differences in in‐hospital or 5‐year mortality in MINOCA, but females with MINOCA mimickers had higher unadjusted 5‐year mortality (HR 2.90, 95% CI 1.53−5.53). After adjusting for age and comorbidities, the long‐term mortality risk was similar between sexes (adjusted HR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.61−2.24). Females with obstructive CAD had higher 5‐year mortality in unadjusted models (HR 1.66, 95% CI 1.48, 1.86), but the difference was not significant after adjustment (adjusted HR 1.1, 95% CI: 0.98−1.24).

Conclusions

Our findings highlight important sex‐based differences in the prevalence, treatment, and long‐term outcomes of STEMI patients with MINOCA, MINOCA mimickers, and obstructive CAD. Despite clinical disparities, mortality risks were similar across sexes after adjusting for comorbidities.
Post Cesarean Section Peritonitis: A Case Report of Ogilvie's Syndrome
Authors: Pirouz Mahdi Saberi , Tayebi Ali , Sheibani Fatemeh , Olamaeian Faranak
Published: February 2025

Acute colonic pseudo‐obstruction (ACPO) is characterized by colon dilation without a mechanical obstruction. This report describes a 39‐year‐old pregnant woman who developed ACPO following a cesarean section. Right hemicolectomy, distal ileoctomy, and enterorraphy, with subsequent ileostomy and colostomy mucus fistula placement were done. Early consideration of the disease and its diagnosis is crucial for initiating treatment instantly to maximize the benefits of non‐invasive medications and minimize the need for surgical procedures and potentially life‐threatening complications following a cesarean section.
Supercritical Fluids for Enhanced Chemical Transformation of Postconsumer Plastics: A Review
Authors: Gurrala Lakshmiprasad , Morais Ana Rita
Published: February 2025

Various chemical transformation approaches are being actively developed to address the environmental accumulation of plastic waste. However, most postconsumer plastics are heterogeneous, exhibit high melt viscosity, and are insoluble in most conventional solvents. Such properties result in transport‐limiting chemical transformations, resulting in low conversion rates, and low product selectivity. Although supercritical fluids (SCFs) have been a matter of continuing scientific interest in several mass‐transfer processes, the use of SCFs as tunable media for the chemical transformation of postconsumer plastics is still in its early stages, but has rapidly advancing in recent years. Therefore, this review reports on the current state‐of‐art of chemical transformation of plastics using SCFs. It addresses the effects of sub‐and supercritical CO2 (scCO2) on solvolysis‐based technologies. Also, it reviews recent advances on the use of supercritical organic solvents (e.g., ethanol, methanol) and supercritical water (SCW) as reaction media for the solvolysis and liquefaction of plastics, respectively, and the latest developments in the simultaneous conversion of CO2 and waste plastics. Overall, developing technologies that minimize mass transfer limitations during chemical transformation of plastics is critical to overcome some of the major bottlenecks hampering product yield and selectively, and ultimately the economic viability of plastics recycling and upcycling.
Highly‐Efficient Reusable [Silica@Iminophosphine‐FeII] Hybrids for Hydrogen Production via Formic Acid and Formaldehyde Dehydrogenation
Authors: Gravvani Konstantina , Solakidou Maria , Louloudi Maria
Published: February 2025

The use of hybrids, developed by grafting homogeneous catalysts onto supporting materials, has already demonstrated significant potential in various catalytic processes. These systems combine the advantages of homogeneous catalysts, such as high activity and selectivity, with those of solid supports, including enhanced recyclability. Catalytic hydrogen (H2) production via dehydrogenation of C1 organic molecules targeting its use in fuel cells is a contemporary scientific issue directly connected with climate crisis. Here, Iminophospine hybrid [SiO2@benzNP] and its reduced analogue [SiO2@benzNHP] were synthesized, covalently grafted on colloidal SiO2, fully characterized (FT‐IR, RAMAN, TGA, ssNMR, BET), and used for in‐situ synthesis of [SiO2@benzNP‐FeII] and [SiO2@benzNHP‐FeII] catalytic complexes for H2 production from formic acid (HCOOH) and formaldehyde (HCHO), at 80 °C. In HCOOH, both heterogenized catalysts exhibit high selectivity, producing H2 and CO2 in a 1 : 1 ratio, without CO contamination, making them ideal for fuel cell applications. [SiO₂@benzNHP‐FeII] catalyst demonstrated superior performance in both substates. In HCOOH dehydrogenation, over 82,000 turnover number (TONs) were achieved and retained its efficiency for over five cycles, without any further metal addition. In HCHO dehydrogenation, it showed excellent efficiency as well, achieving 1.3 L of pure H2 with TONs exceeding 7,000, in 3 consecutive uses. Advanced spectroscopic analysis confirmed the stability and structural integrity of the catalysts, linking the Schiff base reduction and N−H groups to enhanced activity, durability and reusability. This study demonstrates the potential of hybrid materials with non‐noble metals for cost‐effective and sustainable H2 production, paving the way for scalable renewable energy solutions.
Wenn alte Antriebe an Leistung verlieren
Authors: Madel Thomas
Published: February 2025

Abfüller von Fruchtsäften nutzen Pasteurisierungsanlagen, um die Säfte haltbar zu machen. Die Lindauer Bodensee‐Fruchtsäfte betreibt eine Anlage aus dem Jahr 1977, die für einen zuverlässigen Betrieb gewartet werden musste. Um dies sicherzustellen, entschied sich der Betreiber für eine Modernisierung der Antriebstechnik anstelle einer Instandsetzung – ausschlaggebend waren der Preis und die kurze Stillstandzeit während des Retrofits. SEW‐Eurodrive bot eine maßgeschneiderte Lösung, die durch ein Antriebspaket nach aktuellem Stand der Technik überzeugte.
Microkinetic Modelling of Electrochemical Oxygen Evolution Reaction on Ir(111)@N‐Graphene Surface
Authors: Priyadarsini Adyasa , Mallik Bhabani S.
Published: February 2025

We have explored the thermodynamics and microkinetic aspects of oxygen evolution catalysis on low loading of Ir(111) on nitrogen‐doped graphene at constant potential. The electronic modification induced by N‐doping is the reason for the reduced overpotential of OER. The N‐induced defect in the charge density is observed with increasing charge‐depleted region around the Ir atoms. The lattice contraction shifts the d‐band center away from the Fermi level, which increases the barrier for OH* and O* formation on Ir(111) supported on NGr (Ir(111)@NGr). Thus, highly endothermic O* formation reduces the OOH* formation, which is the potential determining step. For comparison, all electronic and binding energy calculations were also performed against Ir NP supported on Gr (Ir(111)@Gr). The stepwise potential‐dependent activation barrier (
) was obtained using the charge extrapolation method. The third step remains the RDS in all ranges of water oxidation potentials. The potential dependent
is further applied to the Eyring rate equation to obtain the current density (
) and correlation between
and pH dependence, i. e., OH− concentration. The microkinetic
progression leads to a Tafel slope value of 30 mV dec−1 at pH=14.0, requiring
.
Country Contribution to Investigators of Pivotal Clinical Trials and their Primary Publications of New Drugs Approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 2012–2021
Authors: Choi Yoona , Won Jung‐Hyun , Kim Heeju , Hong YeSol , Kim Yujin , Lee Howard
Published: February 2025

Pivotal clinical trials (PCTs) are often conducted across multiple nations and regions to achieve geographic, racial, or ethnic diversity. However, the diversity of PCT participants remains inadequate. PCTs for new drugs approved by the US Food and Drug Administration in 2012–2021 and their primary publications (PPub) were identified from the label and review documents. The country information about the PCT investigators and PPub authors were extracted from the PPubs or clinicaltrials.gov. The racial/ethnic diversity of PCT participants as reported in PPubs was assessed using the Diversity Index (DI). For 429 new drugs, 734 PCTs and 718 PPubs were identified. North America and Western Europe (NAWE) contributed the largest proportion of PCT investigators, PPub authors, and lead authors (62.9%, 81.7%, and 90.9%, respectively). Of 521 PPubs that reported the racial/ethnic distribution of PCT participants, the median DI was low at 0.33 (interquartile range 0.18–0.46) and only 16.3% PPubs had a DI >0.5. The number of PPub authors in non‐NAWE and the number of countries of PPub authors in non‐NAWE was significantly associated with the racial/ethnic diversity of PCT participants (OR 1.17 [95% CI 1.08–1.26] and OR 1.25 [1.08–1.46], respectively). Evidence generation for the regulatory approval of new drugs has been predominantly centered in NAWE. The dominance is even more pronounced in the authorship of PPubs. To improve the racial/ethnic diversity of PCT participants, investigators from non‐NAWE countries should be encouraged to play more leadership roles, thereby increasing their likelihood of serving as authors in PPub.
Investigating Fine‐Scale Breeding Habitat Use by Amphibians in a Continuous Wetland Using Environmental DNA
Authors: Guenat Julie Morgane , Gander Antoine , Fumagalli Luca , Lavanchy Guillaume
Published: February 2025

Designing effective conservation plans to protect species from extinction requires a comprehensive understanding of their ecology. Conventional methods used to investigate habitat use are time‐consuming, and the detectability of cryptic species is often insufficient. Environmental DNA (eDNA)‐based approaches provide a complementary tool to traditional monitoring methods for ecosystem monitoring and assessment. Nevertheless, to our knowledge, such methods have rarely been applied to investigate habitat use at a fine scale in a continuous wetland environment. Here, we used an eDNA metabarcoding approach to characterize the breeding habitat use of local amphibian species in a wet meadow expanse along the southern shore of Lake Neuchâtel, Switzerland. We retrieved DNA from six out of the seven species expected to be present. We tested the influence of six abiotic environmental variables on overall species assemblages and individual species occurrences. We showed that the main factor structuring species assemblages was water temperature and that the distribution of three amphibian species was associated with several environmental variables. Our results indicate that the eDNA detection approaches are promising tools to study species' ecology at a small scale in continuous wetland habitats.
Design of a Peroxidase‐Based Gas Diffusion Electrode for Bioelectroenzymatic Applications
Authors: Mishyn Vladyslav , Carducci Nunzio Giorgio G. , Hickey David P. , Abdellaoui Sofiene
Published: February 2025

We report here the design and application of an all‐in‐one gas diffusion electrode (GDE) combined with surface immobilized horseradish peroxidase (HRP) capable of in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) from air and simultaneous oxidation of a model substrate (ABTS) within a single‐cell electrochemical reactor. Carboxyl‐functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT‐COOH) were employed as an electrocatalyst for oxygen reduction reaction producing 719 ± 97 µM h−1 H2O2 at −0.2 V (vs Ag/AgCl) as an electron acceptor for HRP. We investigated two immobilization strategies to obtain HRP‐modified biocathodes using covalent amide conjugation between primary amine groups of HRP and carboxyl groups of MWCNT‐COOH (GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/HRP) and entrapment into a cross‐linked pyrene‐modified linear poly(ethylenimine) matrix (GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/Py‐LPEI/HRP). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT‐IR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to characterize such surface modifications. The apparent catalytic activity achieved by HRP‐modified biocathodes via either covalent conjugation or entrapment into a polymer film was 311 ± 31 U mg−1 and 174 ± 17 U mg−1, respectively, as compared to the activity of freely diffusing 188 ± 23 U mg−1. The interfaces were reused showing 55% and 82% residual activity after 5 consecutive cycles for GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/HRP and GDE/MWCNT‐COOH/Py‐LPEI/HRP, respectively. Our findings illustrate prospects for integrating GDE and surface‐bound peroxidases for H2O2‐dependent electroenzymatic reactions, offering a promising platform for diverse applications in bioelectrosynthesis.
Discussion on “Assessing Predictability of Environmental Time Series With Statistical and Machine Learning Models” by Bonas et al.
Authors: Otto Philipp
Published: February 2025

Motivated by empirical case studies and discussions of Bonas et al. (2024), this discussion paper critically examines challenges in the predictability of environmental processes, focusing on three key spheres: (a) predictability and interpretability, (b) predictability in dynamic environments, and (c) predictability into unknown spaces. These spheres highlight the responsibilities within environmetrics to ensure that predictive models, particularly advanced machine learning and deep learning methods, are applied thoughtfully. First, we discuss the trade‐off between interpretability and predictive complexity, contrasting the transparency of traditional statistical models with the “black‐box” nature of machine learning but also highlighting their enormous potential for exploiting new data sources and types. Second, we address real‐time adaptability, where models must handle concept drift and should, therefore, be continuously monitored. Finally, we consider the challenges of extrapolating predictions into unknown/nontrained areas, underscoring the risks of model overreach. This paper aims to contribute to the discussion in the field, emphasizing the critical role environmetricians play in advancing responsible, interpretable, and scientifically sound predictive practices.
Discussion on Assessing Predictability of Environmental Time Series With Statistical and Machine Learning Models
Authors: Finazzi Francesco , Rodeschini Jacopo , Tedesco Lorenzo
Published: February 2025

Building on the insights from Bonas et al. (2024), we explore the relationship between statistical and machine learning models in the analysis of environmental time series. We specifically address the unique challenges of environmental time series data, including the need to consider the multivariate approach and account for spatial dependence. Emphasizing the importance of various types of statistical inference in environmental studies—not limited to forecasting—we propose that viewing statistical and machine learning approaches as complementary rather than alternative methods can unlock innovative modeling strategies that enhance both predictive accuracy and interpretive power. To illustrate these concepts, we present a case study that highlights the key points raised in the discussion.
The Role of Aboriginal Kidney Health Mentors in the Transplant Journey: A Qualitative Evaluation
Authors: Pascoe Sophie , Croker David , Ross Lachlan , Henwood Peter , Wilkshire Neil , Algy Cedrina , Bob Selina , Hall Heather , Misener Michelle , Gorham Gillian
Published: February 2025

Issue Addressed

Whilst Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in Australia experience disproportionately high rates of chronic kidney disease, they have lower rates of kidney transplantation and face many barriers to accessing culturally safe health care. Aboriginal kidney health mentors with lived experience of transplantation have been proposed to improve the patient journey and increase health promotion, but there has been limited evaluation of the role of mentors.

Methods

A qualitative evaluation of the ‘Hunting Kidney Transplant’ patient mentoring project implemented by Purple House in the Northern Territory involved in‐depth interviews, focus groups and participant observation with Aboriginal kidney health mentors and renal staff. Data analysis methods included inductive thematic coding and collaborative synthesis of emerging themes with Aboriginal co‐researchers.

Results

Aboriginal kidney health mentors play a holistic and multi‐directional role helping people to navigate the transplant process. The role of mentors encompasses both visible and invisible work and is centred on a ‘Right Way Working’ approach, including building trust, respect and taking time during the work‐up period. Key enablers include kinship and community connections and ongoing support from Purple House. Key barriers include COVID‐19 and institutional racism within the mainstream health service.

Conclusions

Aboriginal health mentors with lived experience of chronic conditions can play an important role in supporting people and promoting cultural safety in health services.

So What?

Further support and funding are needed to develop, evaluate and embed the mentor role into policy and practice to improve patient journeys, health promotion, transplant rates and health outcomes.
Co‐Designing Strategies to Improve Asthma Health Literacy With Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Communities
Authors: Jayaram Lata , Jayakody Mahisha , Kim Dasom , Wijeratne Tissa , Nguyen Canh Vinh N. , Tran Hoan , Paiva Shani , Karunajeewa Harin , Lemoh Christopher , Rasmussen Bodil , Haines Kimberley J.
Published: February 2025

Background

Evidence indicates that an early intervention nurse‐led model of care transitioning consumers with asthma from hospital to home improves asthma health literacy and asthma control compared with usual care. This intervention, however, is not reaching individuals from Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) communities who require added support to navigate our health care system.

Aims

To (1) investigate the barriers and enablers to improving asthma care in consumers from three CALD communities and (2) improve the nurse‐led programme to suit the needs of CALD consumers with asthma.

Methods

Participants with asthma from Vietnamese, Indian and Sri Lankan communities and clinicians providing asthma care completed separate and combined focus group workshops. Qualitative data were collected on the barriers and enablers for asthma health literacy, attendance at clinics and Emergency Department presentations. Input was sought on to how to adapt the nurse‐led programme to support CALD consumers. Data was thematically analysed and discussed in the combined clinician and consumer session with a view to integrating the key findings into the current care model.

Results

Nine consumers with asthma and nine clinicians were recruited. Key findings included language and communication barriers (despite interpreters), poor understanding of asthma, poor cultural support (other than interpreters), poor trust in the hospital system, lack of access to and affordability of general practice, specialist clinics and hospitals.

Conclusion

The findings informed the modification of our model of care to include bicultural health educators, who support consumers' transition from hospital to home. This model of care is currently under evaluation.

So What?

Nurse‐led models of asthma care improve asthma control and health literacy but are not reaching individuals from CALD communities. We asked participants with asthma from three CALD communities, and clinicians looking after those with asthma to provide insights on the barriers (challenges) and enablers (solutions) to improving asthma outcomes and the health care journey for CALD consumers.
NanoCoating Preparation to Improve Heat Dissipation of a Heat Sink Inside an Enclosure for Power Electronic Devices
Authors: Abdulsahib Ahmed Dhafer , Alkhafaji Dhirgham , Albayati Ibrahim M.
Published: February 2025

Heat sinks dissipate heat from electronic components, and the increase in heat generation owing to technological advancements has prompted researchers to improve heat sink efficiency. The present study aims to improve heat sinks by high‐emissivity nanocoating where the coating is prepared using nanoparticles CuO and MWCNT at a rate of 6% in half a liter of Acrylic resin and solvents Xylene and Butyl acetate at a rate of 30%. After coating the heat sink, the emissivity was examined and it was (0.963) while it was before coating (0.202). The heat sink is examined inside a cubic cavity with a right surface containing heaters that give temperature at the same value as the thyristors (58.5°C, 90°C, and 112.5°C) and a cold left surface (30°C). The temperatures at the tip of each fin are measured before and after coating when they change with time and at a steady state. The results showed that the nanocoating significantly reduced the temperature compared to the uncoated condition with the improvement percentage at a heater temperature of 58.5°C ranging from 10% to 15% at 90°C ranging from 24% to 34% and at 112.5°C ranging from 23% to 35%. It is concluded that the nanocoating showed great effectiveness in improving the performance of the heat sink at all temperatures, but the maximum effectiveness was at high thermal loads.
Learning in Dos Idiomas: The Impact of Codeswitching on Children's Noun and Verb Learning
Authors: Libersky Emma , Slawny Caitlyn , Kaushanskaya Margarita
Published: February 2025

Codeswitching is a common feature of bilingual language practices, yet its impact on word learning is poorly understood. Critically, processing costs associated with codeswitching may extend to learning. Moreover, verbs tend to be more difficult to learn than nouns, and the challenges of learning verbs could compound with processing costs associated with codeswitching. In two Experiments, we taught 4–5‐year‐old bilingual children verbs (Experiment 1, N = 25, 13 girls, 69% white, 83% Hispanic) and nouns (Experiment 2, N = 29, 12 girls, 72% while, 68% Hispanic) within English‐only and Spanish‐English codeswitched learning contexts. Children's language ability across Spanish and English was modeled continuously, allowing us to test the impact of language ability on learning. Children learned novel words successfully in both experiments, with no difference between conditions. However, children with higher language ability demonstrated steeper learning rates l in the English‐only condition relative to the codeswitched condition in both Experiment 1 (standardized coefficient of 0.19) and Experiment 2 (standardized coefficient of 0.14). Our findings indicate that bilingual children can successfully learn both verbs and nouns in codeswitched contexts but learning is modulated by a child's language skills as well as the number of learning opportunities they have had.
Predisposing conditions in patients with small intestinal adenocarcinomas in the Netherlands: A 20‐year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Linssen Jasmijn D. G. , Schafrat Pascale J. M. , de Back Tim R. , van Erning Felice N. , van Leerdam Monique E. , Dekker Evelien , Vermeulen Louis , de Hingh Ignace H. J. T. , Sommeijer Dirkje W.
Published: February 2025

Small intestinal adenocarcinomas (SIAs) are associated with predisposing conditions, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and celiac disease, but also genetic syndromes such as Lynch syndrome (LS) and familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). This nationwide cohort study investigated the incidence of genetic and non‐genetic predisposing conditions in SIA and their influence on tumor characteristics and clinical features. Data were obtained from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The incidence, characteristics, and clinical features per predisposing condition were analyzed in 2697 SIA patients diagnosed from 1999 through 2019. Of all SIA patients, 5.6% were known to have a genetic predisposing syndrome, of whom 4.0% had LS and 1.6% had a polyposis syndrome. In addition, 6.8% of SIA patients had a non‐genetic predisposing condition: 3.9% IBD and 2.9% celiac disease. SIAs of patients with such predisposing syndromes or conditions were diagnosed at a younger age and earlier stage and affected the duodenum less often as compared to sporadic SIA patients. Both genetic and non‐genetic predisposing conditions were associated with significantly better overall survival (OS) compared to sporadic SIA: sporadic SIA (median OS: 13.0 months, 95% CI: 11.8–14.2), LS (213.1 months, 99.3–NA), polyposis syndromes (61.3 months, 19.7–NA), IBD (29.5 months, 20.3–69.8), and celiac disease (50.4 months, 24.6–124.7). This nationwide cohort study shows significant differences between SIA with and without predisposing conditions and highlights the need for research on underlying molecular mechanisms to improve outcomes of SIA patients.
The impact of obtaining explicit informed consent for medical student participation in the pelvic examination under anesthesia: A qualitative interview study
Authors: Milad Hannah C. , Watson Katie , Eucalitto Patrick F. , Hill Ricky , Zamantakis Alithia , Pierre‐Wright Marlise Jeanne , Emeka Adaeze A. , Tsai Susan , Goldsmith Susan , Milad Magdy P.
Published: February 2025

Objective

To examine patient, physician, and operating room (OR) staff perceptions at an academic institution following the introduction of an explicit, written consent form for medical student participation in the pelvic examination under anesthesia (EUA).

Methods

The study was performed at one urban academic medical center between May 2021 and May 2023. Thirty‐one individuals including patients, OR staff, and physicians were interviewed to better understand their perspectives regarding an initiative to explicitly consent patients for the student pelvic EUA. Northwestern University Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

Results

Patients appreciated being asked to explicitly consent to or refuse the student pelvic EUA and having a dedicated consent form left them with a positive feeling about the hospital and their healthcare providers. OR staff and physicians agreed that the student pelvic EUA is necessary, and almost all supported an explicit consent form. Physicians did not find the additional consent form burdensome and noted only a modest decline in learning opportunities.

Conclusion

Patients and healthcare providers agreed that requiring explicit written consent for the student pelvic EUA respected patient autonomy, improved healthcare quality, and caused minimal disruption to medical education. Our data support the use of an explicit written consent form as standard practice.
Impact of Top Management Characteristics on Firm's Labor Investment Efficiency
Authors: Moeini Chaghervand Amirali , Laksmana Indrarini
Published: February 2025

This study examines the effect of top management team (TMT) characteristics on labor investment efficiency. Specifically, we focus on TMT within‐firm experience, tenure diversity, and the pay for performance sensitivity (PPS) dispersion as three potential factors affecting the team's group dynamics leading to labor investment decisions. Using a sample of US firms from 2000 to 2019, we show that TMTs with a greater percentage of within‐firm experience, a high level of tenure diversity, and higher PPS dispersion make more efficient labor investments. Splitting the sample into over‐ and under‐investment subsamples, we find that TMT within‐firm experience reduces underinvestment in labor while tenure diversity and PPS dispersion reduce overinvestment in labor. Our study provides practical implications for corporate boards in assessing TMT's hiring and promotion, making investment decisions, and determining top executive compensations.
Students' Perceptions of Virtual Reality as Learning Tool in a Radiographic Technique Course
Authors: Ingebrigtsen Katrine Staurem , Hanger Nina , Rusandu Albertina
Published: February 2025

Introduction

Virtual reality (VR) has been increasingly recognised as a beneficial pedagogical tool in radiography education, particularly for skills training. This pilot study aims to gain insight into the viability of VR as a pedagogical instrument in a radiographic technique course within a Norwegian bachelor's programme in radiography by assessing users' experiences.

Methods

A cross‐sectional study was conducted involving all first‐year radiography students from a single bachelor programme in Norway. The study included a preliminary survey to gauge students' expectations prior to their first VR session and a main survey following the completion of the course. The surveys assessed demographics, prior VR experience, experiences with the use of VR as a learning tool and possible improvements. VR training was facilitated using Skilitics radiography simulation software across six stations equipped with Oculus Rift VR gear.

Results

Results indicated a significant difference between students' expectations and their actual experiences with VR in skills learning. While initial expectations were high, only 37% of students were content with VR training. Major issues highlighted included technical problems and limited pre‐session training. Students expressed a preference for more VR stations, teacher guidance and better software features.

Conclusion

Although VR holds potential as a supplementary tool in radiography education, the study identified several areas for improvement in the pedagogical approach. Pre‐session training, teacher assistance during the training sessions and feedback after the session are recommended to maximise the educational benefits of VR in radiography skills training.
The Role of Anthropogenic Climate Change on March–April–May (MAM) Drought Trends Across Global Land
Authors: Yohannes Hansewo Tamirat , Yu Jinhua , Zhang Xuyu
Published: February 2025

Understanding the influence of human‐induced climate change on drought is critical for addressing global challenges. This study uses the Standardised Precipitation Index (SPI) and the Standardised Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) to identify detection and attribution of global drought patterns during the March–April–May (MAM) season. SPI focuses on rainfall, while SPEI accounts for both Precipitation and potential evapotranspiration. We analysed spatial trends using ensemble mean data from 15 global climate models in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6). Simulations incorporating both natural and anthropogenic forcings (ALL) were compared with those limited to natural forcings (NAT) to evaluate human impacts on drought patterns. Results based on SPI from both observational data (OBS) and ALL simulations reveal wetting trends in Southwest Asia, South America, Eastern Europe, and Central Africa, and drying trends in Northwestern Europe, Southeastern China, India, North America, East Africa, and Australia. SPEI shows wetting in Northeast Asia, Europe, Southeastern North America, and Northwest Africa, with drying in North America, Southeastern Africa, Europe, and Southeastern China. Significantly, the drying trends in ALL simulations are stronger than in NAT, highlighting anthropogenic climate change as a key driver of worsening drought patterns. Detection analysis confirms a strong ALL signal in SPI and SPEI observations, while NAT remains undetected. Lastly, Severe droughts (indices < −2) were examined, in terms of likelihood ratio in All and NAT, show human activities significantly influence precipitation in Southeast Asia, tropical rainforests, and East Africa, with temperature variations driving droughts in Central Asia and other tropical regions.
Impact of Lumbar Degenerative Changes on Vertebral Bone Strength: A Finite Element Analysis
Authors: Tani Soji , Ishikawa Koji , Chiapparelli Erika , Camino‐Willhuber Gaston , Schönnagel Lukas , Caffard Thomas , Amoroso Krizia , Guven Ali E. , Shue Jennifer , Alman Benjamin A. , Carrino John A. , Girardi Federico P. , Sama Andrew A. , Cammisa Frank P. , Hughes Alexander P.
Published: February 2025

Assessing the bone condition in patients with spinal disease is clinically valuable. However, evaluating bone strength in the presence of spine degenerative changes is challenging. Quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and finite element analysis (FEA) have been proposed as methods for more accurate bone quality assessment. This study investigates the relationship between bone strength predicted by FEA and other relevant biological parameters. This retrospective cross‐sectional study included 127 patients with spinal disease who underwent preoperative CT scans between 2014 and 2020. Baseline patient characteristics, volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) measured by QCT, and vertebral bone strength predicted by FEA were collected. The degree of degeneration was evaluated by classifying osteophyte formation, disc height narrowing, vertebral sclerosis, and spondylolisthesis into a grading scale ranging from 0 to 2. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the effect of each factor on bone strength predicted by FEA. Of 127 patients, 120 patients (median age was 62 years) were included. The median vBMD and vertebral strength were 114.3 mg/cm3 and 7892.9 N, respectively. After adjusting for age, sex, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes mellitus, vBMD, and degenerative changes, multiple linear regression analysis revealed that sex, vBMD, and degree of degeneration independently increased the vertebral strength measured by FEA. This study suggests that in patients with spinal disease, vertebral bone strength is affected not only by sex and bone mineral density but also by degenerative changes. Thus, bone strength could be predicted more accurately in patients with spinal disease using FEA.