bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ALMA Observation of NGC 5135: The Circumnuclear CO (6–5) and Dust Continuum Emission at 45 pc Resolution*
Authors: Cao Tianwen , Lu Nanyao , Xu C. Kevin , Zhao Yinghe , Kalari Venu Madhav , Gao Yu , Charmandaris Vassilis , Santos Tanio Diaz , Werf Paul van der , Cao Chen , Wu Hong , Inami Hanae , Evans Aaron
Published: October 2018

We present high-resolution (0.″17 × 0.″14) Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) observations of the CO (6–5) line and 435 μm dust continuum emission within a ∼9″ × 9″ area centered on the nucleus of the galaxy NGC 5135. NGC 5135 is a well-studied luminous infrared galaxy that also harbors a Compton-thick active galactic nucleus (AGN). At the achieved resolution of 48 × 40 pc, the CO (6–5) and dust emissions are resolved into gas “clumps” along the symmetrical dust lanes associated with the inner stellar bar. The clumps have radii in the range of ∼45–180 pc and CO (6–5) line widths of ∼60–88

. The CO (6–5) to dust continuum flux ratios vary among the clumps and show an increasing trend with the [Fe ii]/Brγ ratios, which we interpret as evidence for supernova-driven shocked gas providing a significant contribution to the CO (6–5) emission. The central AGN is undetected in continuum, nor is it detected in CO (6–5) if its line velocity width is no less than ∼ 40

. We estimate that the AGN contributes at most 1% of the integrated CO (6–5) flux of 512 ± 24 Jy

within the ALMA field of view, which in turn accounts for ∼32% of the CO (6–5) flux of the whole galaxy.
Formation of Covalently Bonded Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in the Interstellar Medium
Authors: Chen Tao
Published: October 2018

Photo-/ion-induced ionization and dissociation processes are commonly observed for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. This work performs theoretical studies of PAHs and their fragments. Molecular dynamics simulations in combination with static quantum chemical calculations reveal that following a single hydrogen atom loss, the fragments, PAH-H, are extremely reactive. They catch a neighbor molecule within picoseconds to form a covalently bonded large molecule regardless of orientations/angles and temperatures. We calculate the infrared spectra of the covalently bonded molecules, which indicate that such species could be the carrier of unidentified infrared emission bands. It also implies that regular PAHs might be less abundant in space than what is expected.
NuSTAR Detection of Nonthermal Bremsstrahlung from the Supernova Remnant W49B
Authors: Tanaka Takaaki , Yamaguchi Hiroya , Wik Daniel R. , Aharonian Felix A. , Bamba Aya , Castro Daniel , Foster Adam R. , Petre Robert , Rho Jeonghee , Smith Randall K. , Uchida Hiroyuki , Uchiyama Yasunobu , Williams Brian J.
Published: October 2018

We report on NuSTAR observations of the mixed morphology supernova remnant (SNR) W49B, focusing on its nonthermal emission. Whereas radio observations as well as recent gamma-ray observations evidenced particle acceleration in this SNR, nonthermal X-ray emission has not been reported so far. With the unprecedented sensitivity of NuSTAR in the hard X-ray band, we detect a significant power-law-like component extending up to ∼20 keV, most probably of nonthermal origin. The newly discovered component has a photon index of

with an energy flux between 10 and 20 keV of (3.3 ± 0.7) × 10−13 erg cm−2 s−1. The emission mechanism is discussed based on the NuSTAR data combined with those in other wavelengths in the literature. The NuSTAR data, in terms both of the spectral slope and of the flux, are best interpreted as nonthermal electron bremsstrahlung. If this scenario is the case, then the NuSTAR emission provides a new probe to sub-relativistic particles accelerated in the SNR.
Estimation influence of boric acid drop entrainment to its accumulation in the VVER reactor in the case of accident
Authors: Morozov Andrej V. , Pityk Anna V. , Ragulin Sergej V. , Sahipgareev Azamat R. , Soshkina Aleksandra S. , Shlyopkin Aleksandr S.
Published: October 2018

Process of boric acid mass transfer during accidents accompanied with rupture of circulation pipelines in VVER reactors of new generation equipped with passive safety systems are examined. Results of calculation of variation of boric acid concentration in VVER-TOI reactor in case of accident development process are presented. Positive effects of boric acid droplet entrainment on the processes of acid accumulation and crystallization in the reactor core are demonstrated. The obtained results allow formulating the conclusion on the possibility of these processes in the reactor core which may lead to the disruption of heat removal from fuel pins. Review of available published reference data on physical properties of boric acid solutions (density, viscosity, thermal conductivity) is given. It is established that available information is of too general nature and fails to cover the whole range of parameters (acid temperature, pressure and concentration) typical for potential emergency situation on NPP equipped with VVER reactor. Necessity of experimental study of processes of droplet entrainment under parameters typical for VVER emergency operation conditions, as well as investigation of thermal physics properties of boric acid within wide range of acid concentration values is required.
Les applications sur smartphones permettront-elles une généralisation de la télémédecine ?
Authors: Allaert F. A. , Quantin C.
Published: October 2018

Durant des années la télémédecine n’a pas réussi à prendre sa véritable place dans notre système de santé alors qu’elle correspondait à un véritable besoin. Les raisons évoquées étaient les difficultés qu’elle suscitait sur le plan administratif et juridique ainsi que son manque de financement mais la véritable raison était que les conditions techniques ne permettaient pas d’être assez près du patient pour être véritablement efficace. Le développement des smartphones et leur généralisation constituent le chainon manquant pour rendre la télémédecine efficace et lui permettre de se généraliser.
Des ensembles composites : appropriation et transformation des demeures ottomanes suburbaines d’Alger aux xixe et xxe siècles
Authors: Piaton Claudine
Published: October 2018

L’article propose, à travers plusieurs cas d’étude, d’analyser les processus de transformations des maisons d’époque ottomane des environs (ou fahs) d’Alger. Il s’intéresse à la fois au contexte des transformations (mutation foncière des débuts de la colonisation), aux acteurs et à la nature des transformations. Il vise notamment à mettre en évidence à côté des phénomènes lourds de démolition et d’abandon, d’autres phénomènes d’appropriation mêlant conservation et invention de décors qui contribuent aujourd‘hui à affirmer la singularité de l’architecture algérienne.
Les migrations internationales dans l’enseignement belge francophone
Authors: Ouali Nouria
Published: October 2018

L’article rappelle, d’abord, la revendication ancienne d’un enseignement sur les migrations, ensuite, il restitue la manière dont le système éducatif francophone a « (dé)considéré », peu ou prou, la présence des enfants de migrants en son sein. Enfin, il dresse un tableau général des formations existantes et analyse les conditions qui ont contribué à leur développement. Il conclut sur l’intérêt toujours marginal pour cette matière dans le secondaire alors que les universités procèdent à sa lente institutionnalisation grâce aux nouvelles sources économiques que ces formations génèrent.
Enseignement de la migration au Sénégal
Authors: Timera Mamadou Bouna , Diouf Ibrahima Faye , Diongue Momar , Sakho Papa
Published: October 2018

Cet article est une réflexion sur l’enseignement de la migration dans les lycées et collèges du Sénégal. Il s’appuie sur l’analyse des programmes et des documents pédagogiques mobilisés dans la pratique de classe. Les résultats de l’analyse montrent que sous le poids des enjeux économiques et humanitaires, les fascicules, les livrets comme les ressources des évaluations sont sensibles à l’actualité migratoire alors que les programmes restent discrets et vagues, noyant le phénomène dans les thèmes en démographie et en économie. Ils montrent aussi que, même si l’actualité est une déterminante des contenus des supports, le traitement scolaire de la migration consacre la reproduction des discours dominants centrés sur la migration internationale, l’immigration, l’émigration clandestine, le rapport Nord-Sud, altérant ainsi la réalité du fait migratoire.
Insegnare le migrazioni internazionali in Italia : uno sguardo all’antropologia e alla geografia
Authors: Amato Fabio , Gatti Rosa
Published: October 2018

Dans le contexte universitaire italien, les cours consacrés aux thèmes des migrations n’ont eu une certaine visibilité qu’à partir du nouveau millénaire. Après la réforme universitaire de 1999, nous assistons à une prolifération d’intitulés de cours qui font référence d’une manière plus ou moins explicite aux migrations et il est désormais difficile de synthétiser toutes les informations. Notre enquête permet de souligner que l’étude des processus migratoires n’est plus un domaine exclusif d’un secteur disciplinaire et que leur enseignement est transversal aux différents champs disciplinaires. Elle fournit une ample matière à réflexion : l’objectif de cette note de recherche est d’ouvrir une fenêtre sur l’enseignement en anthropologie et géographie.
La formación superior sobre migración internacional en México
Authors: Pizzonia Cristina
Published: October 2018

L’objectif de ce travail est d’étudier les conditions de la standardisation de l’enseignement autour des migrations internationales à travers les institutions qui en sont responsables et les programmes de formation au Mexique, dans le contexte des migrations du pays et liées à celle-ci.

Este trabajo tiene por objetivo el estudio de las condiciones de formalización de la enseñanza en migración internacional a través de las instituciones encargadas de la misma y los programas de formación en México, en el contexto de las migraciones del país y relacionadas con él.
Utilisation of Smart Devices in the Construction Industry
Authors: Silverio-Fernandez Manuel , Renukappa Suresh , Suresh Subashini
Published: October 2018

On a global scale, the construction sector is considered to have a high degree of decentralised information. In the Dominican Republic, the construction industry represents the most significant economic activity in the country. Smart devices and the Internet of Things create an opportunity to enhance the exchange of information in the construction sector. This article reports on the empirical findings of an investigation focused on the implementation of smart devices in the AEC sector. Findings address the status of digitalisation in the construction sector of the construction industry as well as main utilisations of smart devices. The findings are based on semi-structured interviews with fifteen professionals from nine construction organisations. The article concludes that smart devices increase efficiency in the construction industry of Dominican Republic by adding mobility, ubiquitous data access, and digitalisation of paperwork.
An Eco-Friendly Efficient Cloud-Searching Technique With Delay
Authors: Sarkar Saswati , Kundu Anirban
Published: October 2018

The authors propose a cloud-based disk-searching technique with delay in this article. Cloud computing is responsible for eco-friendly use of computers and other related resources. The proposed technique exerts less energy to search particular data. The searching technique finds a particular element through parallel channels. The energy efficiency is directly proportional to the number of channels for a specific set of data. The parallel searching technique is implemented to reduce time complexity and complexity of delay. The article exhibits a complexity of delay in a real-time scenario. The delay is depending upon the number of elements and if the number of elements is increased, then the overall delay is also increased. A time graph represents the relations between the number of elements and the number of channels. An energy-efficiency graph is also represented with respect to the number of channels. The delay is calculated with respect to the number of elements, cloud network delay, and waiting time for previous data execution. The authors have established relations between the delay and the number of elements, waiting time, and the cloud network delay.
Secure Anonymous Query-Based Encryption for Data Privacy Preserving in Cloud
Authors: Konan Martin , Wang Wenyong
Published: October 2018

Data privacy protection is a paramount issue in cloud applications for the last decade. In addition, data encryption, which is the primary method to impart security in clouds, is proved insufficient to guarantee data privacy protection from some security issues like homogeneity and background knowledge attacks. Therefore, it is important to provide a security mechanism that provide not only anonymous data but also anonymous continuous queries. So, this paper proposes a new scheme (Moye) that tackles this challenge by protecting queries to be linked to specific sensitive data. Specifically, the proposed solution is based on the design of a hybrid implementation of public key encryption with keyword search (PEKS) and subset membership encryption (SME) cryptosystem to enhance both data and query privacy protection. In addition, this approach provides an efficient and anonymous data processing by using an optimized k-anonymity scheme. Doing so, the authors protect searchable keywords and queries from inside and outside guessing attacks for the effectiveness of the proposed solution.
VuWaDB
Authors: Khazaei Atefeh , Ghasemzadeh Mohammad , Meinel Christoph
Published: October 2018

This paper introduces VuWaDB, which is a database for vulnerability workarounds. When faced with a newly discovered vulnerability, experts tend to use workarounds in order to mitigate the risks until a patch is issued by the vendor. Currently, the available vulnerability databases suffer from the lack of comprehensive workaround solutions. Furthermore, the presented workarounds are only limited to a few vulnerabilities but also poorly recorded in natural language sentences and plain text format. In order to construct VuWaDB, first, the related information was gathered from a number of well-known vulnerability databases and then extracted, analyzed, and labeled. In this regard, VuWaDB organizes the workarounds in six categories: configuration, modify code, redirect, remove, restrict access and, utility tool. Lastly, it was analyzed from the statistical point of view.
Mining a Nanoparticle Dataset, Compiled Within the MODENA-COST Action
Authors: Van Miert Sabine , Creylman Jan , Verheyen Geert R.
Published: October 2018

Engineered nanomaterials (ENM) have new or enhanced physico-chemical properties compared to their micron-sized counterparts, but may also have an increased toxic potential. Animal and in vitro testing are typically employed to investigate the toxic effects of (nano)materials. The sheer number of ENMs and their physico-chemical parameters make it impossible to only use in vivo and in vitro testing, and modelling technologies are also deployed to find relationships between ENM parameters and toxicity. A heterogenous dataset containing information on 192 nanoparticle endpoints was compiled within the MODENA COST-Action consortium. Here, the available data was mined to identify relationships between nanoparticle properties and cell-death as measured with four cytotoxicity assays. ANOVA, collinearity analyses and classification and regression trees gave indications on potential relations between the NP-properties and toxicity, but could not deliver a robust model. More information and datapoints are necessary to build well-validated models.
Predicting Thermal Conductivity Enhancement of Al2O3/Water and CuO/Water Nanofluids Using Quantitative Structure-Property Relationship Approach
Authors: Sizochenko Natalia , Kar Supratik , Syzochenko Michael , Leszczynski Jerzy
Published: October 2018

In the current contribution, the authors have applied a quantitative structure-property relationship (QSPR) approach to develop theoretical models of thermal conductivity enhancement in water-based nanofluids (Al2O3 and CuO). The developed models represent physical properties of nanofluids as functions of experimentally measured and calculated descriptors. The developed model for Al2O3 is characterized by determination coefficient R2= 0.876 (training) and R2= 0.826 (test); the model for CuO is characterized by R2 = 0.984 (training) and R2= 0.912 (test). The developed models are in good agreement with modern theories of nanofluids behavior. Size-dependent and concentration-dependent behavior of thermal conductivity of Al2O3 and CuO nanoparticles properties were discussed. The authors found that thermal conductivity increases with increase of weighted fraction-dependent parameters. The developed models have been compared with the existing models for thermal conductivity of Al2O3 and CuO water-based nanofluids.
Checking the Efficacy of Two Basic Descriptors With a Set of Properties of Alkanes
Authors: Besalú Emili , Zanni Riccardo , Pogliani Lionello , Vicente de Julian-Ortiz Jesus
Published: October 2018

Several experimental properties of alkanes are described by means of multilinear models at the cross-validation level. The models have been obtained considering two main sets of descriptors: mathematically-based and experimental ones. The best models are obtained normally involving one of the two sets. The main goal of this work is to show how the theoretical descriptors are able to perform a competitive role against the experimental ones. This constitutes an important topic in the quantitative structure-property relationships field because the use of mathematical and in silico descriptors is validated as a proper tool for model building. Activity distributions of the properties and indices employed are discussed, along with the shape of the obtained residual plots.
Analyzing Online Customer Satisfaction
Authors: Gao Jennifer H.
Published: October 2018

Online shopping is becoming more and more popular in China. This study investigates factors that might influence customer satisfaction towards online shopping. A theoretical framework was established to explain causal relationships between perceived benefits, perceived risks, trust in online shopping and customer satisfaction. Data was collected from 402 respondents who had experience in online shopping in mainland China. Correlations and regression analyses were done to reveal that three factors of perceived benefits (i.e., shopping convenience, product selection, and hedonic enjoyment), product risk, and trust in online shopping were significant predictors of customer satisfaction. Implications for e-marketers were discussed, and limitations and future research were presented.
Moving from Waterfall to Agile: Perspectives from IT Portuguese Companies
Authors: Almeida Fernando , Simões Jorge
Published: October 2018

This study investigates the main motivations, difficulties and good practices in the migration process of software development models from Waterfall to Agile experienced by IT Portuguese companies. For that, we adopted a quantitative methodology based on multiple case studies that allowed us to explore five research questions. In a first step, we propose to identify the main reasons that motivate the companies to adopt Agile development processes and we intend to characterize this migration process. We also explore a set of good practices that can be followed in this migration process and we suggest a set of measures that can be used to assess the success of projects in an Agile environment. Finally, we explore the organizational and management impacts with the introduction of Agile processes.
The Synthesis and Properties of Halogencontaining Copolycarbonates
Authors: Bazheva R.Ch. , Kharaev A.M. , Bazhev A.Z. , Inarkieva Z.I. , Bidov I.T.
Published: October 2018

The main properties of copolycarbonates on the basis of bisphenols of 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di (4-hydroxy-phenyl) ethylene (S-2), 1,1-dichloro-2,2-di (3,5-dibromo-4-hydroxy-phenyl) ethylene (TB-S-2) and dichlorformiate 4,4'-isopropylidenediphenol are synthesized and studied. Regularities of synthesis of copolymers are determined by method of acceptor and catalytic polyfunctional condensation. The interconnection between their composition, structure and properties is also established. It was shown that copolycarbonates exhibited a high softening point and high heat and flame resistance. The existence of the raw material base for the production of the initial monomers, the improved service properties of copolyesters based on them, and the high technological effectiveness of the proposed synthesis method enabled the copolycarbonates to be regarded as industrially promising polymeric materials.
Determination of the Stress-Strain State of a Rotating Polymer Body
Authors: Litvinov Stepan V. , Trush L.I. , Yazyev Serdar B.
Published: October 2018

The determination of the stress-strain state of a polymer body has many difficulties. This is due to the fact that the properties of polymers vary greatly from various perturbations, and are especially strongly dependent on temperature changes. Currently, rotating structures and their elements are increasingly made of polymer materials. Particularly it is possible to single out the problem if a change in temperature is observed along the radius, which leads to a change in the properties of the material. This circumstance can radically change the picture of the distribution of stresses and deformations in the thickness of the structure under study. Neglect of this fact can adversely affect the reliability of the structure as a whole.
Calculation of Three-Layer Panels with Polyurethane Foam Filler Taking into Account the Rheological Properties of the Middle Layer
Authors: Yazyev Batyr M. , Chepurnenko Anton , Savchenko A.A.
Published: October 2018

The article deals with the processing of shear creep curves for foamed polymers, as well as a technique for calculating three-layer beams, taking into account the nonlinear creep of the aggregate. The Maxwell-Gurevich equation is used as the creep law. An example of calculation of a three-layer panel with a middle layer of polyurethane foam is given.
Application of Model of the Viscoelastic Body and the Fractal Analysis for the Description of Process of Flowability of Polymeric Nanocomposites
Authors: Zhirikova Z.M. , Aloyev V.Z.
Published: October 2018

In present work the yield process of nanocomposites polypropylene/carbon nanotubes analysis has performed within the frameworks of fractional derivatives conception and fractal analysis. The mathematical model of a viscoelastic body based on derivatives of fractional order. It has been shown that the yield stress is defined by elasticity modulus and nanocomposite structural state. The fractional exponent structural identification has performed.
Synthesis of 2-Hydroxy-3-(Methyl­cyclo­hexenyl-Isopropyl)-5-Methylbenzyl­amino­ethylnonyl Imidazolines - The Thermostabilizers to Polypropylene
Authors: Aghamaliyev Z.Z. , Naghiyeva Mehriban V. , Rasulov Ch. K.
Published: October 2018

2-hydroxy-3-(methylcyclohexenyl-isopropyl)-5-methylbenzylaminoethylnonylimidazolines were synthesized by the interaction of 2-(methylcyclohexynylisopropyl-4-methylphenols and aminoethylnonylimidazoline. Aminocompounds are purified from cycloalkylphenol by transferring them to hydrochloride salt. Further, aqueous solution of the hydrochloric acid amine salt is treated with a concentrated solution of NH4OH and free aminecompounds are isolated. The resulting amine is separated from water by benzene extraction. After benzene distillation, the residue is undergone to distillation under vacuum. Its physico-chemical characteristics and purity of the products are determined. The obtained products are tested as the thermostabilizers to polypropylene.
Capsulation of Polyesters and Methods of its Carrying Out
Authors: Beev Aues A. , Khashirova S.Yu. , Beeva D.A.
Published: October 2018

The article descriptions the main methods of microcapsulation one of the most promising ways of acquiring enclosed in a shell of microscopic particles of solid, liquid or gaseous substances. The possibility of obtaining microencapsulated samples of powdered polyesters is considered.
Het Psalter als meerstemmige Thora
Authors: Waaijman Kees
Published: October 2018

Psalm 1 is generally called the ‘introduction’ to the whole Psalter. At the same time this Psalm is defined as ‘Torah Psalm’ in a narrow sense. By this definition only a few psalms in the Psalter are really Torah Psalms. A ‘Torah Psalm’ as introduction to the Psalter may seem inappropriate. Is Psalm 1 perhaps the wrong ‘introduction’? Alternatively, is our concept of ‘Torah’ inadequate? With this article the researcher attempts to answer these two related questions. Firstly, the concept of ‘Torah’ in the Bible and in the Psalter is reset. Secondly, the key concepts of Psalm 1 are reinterpreted. The outcome is: not only in the Bible and in the Psalter but also in Psalm 1 ‘Torah’ is a multi-dimensional phenomenon. Thus understood, Psalm 1 is a perfect ‘introduction’ to the Psalter.
A satellite-based estimate of combustion aerosol cloud microphysical effects over the Arctic Ocean
Authors: Zamora Lauren M. , Kahn Ralph A. , Huebert Klaus B. , Stohl Andreas , Eckhardt Sabine
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Climate predictions for the rapidly changing Arctic are
highly uncertain, largely due to a poor understanding of the processes
driving cloud properties. In particular, cloud fraction (CF) and cloud phase
(CP) have major impacts on energy budgets, but are poorly represented in most
models, often because of uncertainties in aerosol–cloud interactions. Here,
we use over 10 million satellite observations coupled with aerosol transport
model simulations to quantify large-scale microphysical effects of aerosols
on CF and CP over the Arctic Ocean during polar night, when direct and
semi-direct aerosol effects are minimal. Combustion aerosols over sea ice are
associated with very large (∼10 W m−2) differences in longwave
cloud radiative effects at the sea ice surface. However, co-varying
meteorological changes on factors such as CF likely explain the majority of
this signal. For example, combustion aerosols explain at most 40 % of the
CF differences between the full dataset and the clean-condition subset,
compared to between 57 % and 91 % of the differences that can be
predicted by co-varying meteorology. After normalizing for meteorological
regime, aerosol microphysical effects have small but significant impacts on
CF, CP, and precipitation frequency on an Arctic-wide scale. These effects
indicate that dominant aerosol–cloud microphysical mechanisms are related to
the relative fraction of liquid-containing clouds, with implications for a
warming Arctic.
A machine learning approach to aerosol classification for single-particle mass spectrometry
Authors: Christopoulos Costa D. , Garimella Sarvesh , Zawadowicz Maria A. , Möhler Ottmar , Cziczo Daniel J.
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Compositional analysis of atmospheric and laboratory aerosols is often
conducted via single-particle mass spectrometry (SPMS), an in situ and
real-time analytical technique that produces mass spectra on a
single-particle basis. In this study, classifiers are created
using a data set of SPMS spectra to automatically differentiate particles on
the basis of chemistry and size. Machine learning algorithms build a
predictive model from a training set for which the aerosol type associated
with each mass spectrum is known a priori. Our primary focus surrounds the
growing of random forests using feature selection to reduce dimensionality
and the evaluation of trained models with confusion matrices. In addition to
classifying ∼20 unique, but chemically similar, aerosol types, models
were also created to differentiate aerosol within four broader categories:
fertile soils, mineral/metallic particles, biological particles, and all other aerosols.
Differentiation was accomplished using ∼40 positive and negative
spectral features. For the broad categorization, machine learning resulted in
a classification accuracy of ∼93 %. Classification of aerosols by
specific type resulted in a classification accuracy of ∼87 %. The
“trained” model was then applied to a “blind” mixture of aerosols which
was known to be a subset of the training set. Model agreement was found on
the presence of secondary organic aerosol, coated and uncoated mineral dust,
and fertile soil.
On the approximation of spatial structures of global tidal magnetic field models
Authors: Telschow Roger , Gerhards Christian , Rother Martin
Published: October 2018

Abstract. The extraction of the magnetic signal induced by the oceanic M2
tide is typically based solely on the temporal periodicity of the signal.
Here, we propose a system of tailored trial functions that additionally takes
the spatial constraint into account that the sources of the signal are
localized within the oceans. This construction requires knowledge of the
underlying conductivity model but not of the inducing tidal current velocity.
Approximations of existing tidal magnetic field models with these trial
functions and comparisons with approximations based on other localized and
nonlocalized trial functions are illustrated.
Impacts of anthropogenic inputs on hypoxia and oxygen dynamics in the Pearl River estuary
Authors: Wang Bin , Hu Jiatang , Li Shiyu , Yu Liuqian , Huang Jia
Published: October 2018

Abstract. In summer, the Pearl River estuary (PRE) experiences hypoxia, largely driven
by the high input of fresh water with low dissolved oxygen (DO), abundant
nutrients and particulate organic carbon from the Pearl River network. In
this study, we used a well-validated physical–biogeochemical model together
with a DO species-tracing method to study the responses of hypoxia and oxygen
dynamics to the anthropogenic perturbations of riverine inputs (i.e. DO,
nutrients, and particulate organic carbon) in July–August 2006. Model results
showed that hypoxia in the PRE was most sensitive to riverine inputs of
particulate organic carbon, followed by DO concentrations and nutrients.
Specifically, a 50 % decrease (increase) in riverine input of particulate
organic carbon led to a 47 % decrease (64 % increase) in hypoxic area,
with the sediment oxygen demand and water column production being the two
most important processes contributing to changes in DO concentration.
Changes in the riverine inputs of DO and nutrients had little impact on the
simulated hypoxia because of the buffering effects of re-aeration (DO fluxes
across the air–sea interface); i.e. the re-aeration responded to the changes
in surface apparent oxygen utilization (AOU) associated with river-induced
variations of oxygen source and sink processes. The PRE features shallow
waters (with averaged depth of 10 m) in which oxygen provided by the re-aeration
could penetrate to bottom waters via vertical diffusion and largely offset
the changes in DO contributed by other oxygen source and sink processes. This
study highlights the importance of re-aeration in reducing hypoxia
variability in shallow estuaries.
Latitudinal trends in stable isotope signatures and carbon-concentrating mechanisms of northeast Atlantic rhodoliths
Authors: Hofmann Laurie C. , Heesch Svenja
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Rhodoliths are free-living calcifying red algae that form
extensive beds in shallow marine benthic environments (<250 m),
which provide important habitats and nurseries for marine organisms and
contribute to carbonate sediment accumulation. There is growing concern that
these organisms are sensitive to global climate change, yet little is known
about their physiology. Considering their broad distribution along most
continental coastlines, their potential sensitivity to global change could
have important consequences for the productivity and diversity of benthic
coastal environments. The goal of this study was to determine the plasticity
of carbon-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs) of rhodoliths along a latitudinal
gradient in the northeast Atlantic using natural stable isotope
signatures. The δ13C signature of macroalgae can be used to
provide an indication of the preferred inorganic carbon source (CO2 vs.
HCO3-). Here we present the total (δ13CT) and
organic (δ13Corg) δ13C signatures of
northeast
Atlantic rhodoliths with respect to changing environmental conditions along
a latitudinal gradient from the Canary Islands to Spitsbergen. The δ13CT signatures (−11.9 to −0.89) of rhodoliths analyzed in this
study were generally higher than the δ13Corg signatures,
which ranged from −25.7 to −2.8. We observed a decreasing trend in δ13CT signatures with increasing latitude and temperature, while
δ13Corg signatures were only significantly correlated to
dissolved inorganic carbon. These data suggest that high-latitude rhodoliths rely more on CO2
as an inorganic carbon source, while low-latitude rhodoliths likely take up
HCO3- directly, but none of our specimens had ∂13Corg signatures less than −30, suggesting that none of them
relied solely on diffusive CO2 uptake. However, depth also has a
significant effect on both skeletal and organic δ13C
signatures, suggesting that both local and latitudinal trends influence the
plasticity of rhodolith inorganic carbon acquisition and assimilation. Our
results show that many species, particularly those at lower latitudes, have
CCMs that facilitate HCO3- use for
photosynthesis. This is an important adaptation for marine macroalgae,
because HCO3- is available at higher concentrations than CO2
in seawater, and this becomes even more extreme with increasing temperature.
The flexibility of CCMs in northeast Atlantic rhodoliths observed in our
study may provide a key physiological mechanism for potential adaptation of
rhodoliths to future global climate change.
The role of regional feedbacks in glacial inception on Baffin Island: the interaction of ice flow and meteorology
Authors: Birch Leah , Cronin Timothy , Tziperman Eli
Published: October 2018

Abstract. Over the past 0.8 million years, 100 kyr ice ages have dominated
Earth's climate with geological evidence suggesting the last glacial
inception began in the mountains of Baffin Island. Currently,
state-of-the-art global climate models (GCMs) have difficulty simulating
glacial inception, possibly due in part to their coarse horizontal resolution
and the neglect of ice flow dynamics in some models. We attempt to address
the role of regional feedbacks in the initial inception problem on Baffin
Island by asynchronously coupling the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model,
configured as a high-resolution inner domain over Baffin and an outer
domain incorporating much of North America, to an ice flow model using the
shallow ice approximation. The mass balance is calculated from WRF
simulations and used to drive the ice model, which updates the ice extent
and elevation, that then serve as inputs to the next WRF run. We drive the
regional WRF configuration using atmospheric boundary conditions from 1986
that correspond to a relatively cold summer, and with 115 kya insolation.
Initially, ice accumulates on mountain glaciers, driving downslope ice flow
which expands the size of the ice caps. However, continued iterations of the
atmosphere and ice models reveal a stagnation of the ice sheet on Baffin
Island, driven by melting due to warmer temperatures at the margins of the
ice caps. This warming is caused by changes in the regional circulation that
are forced by elevation changes due to the ice growth. A stabilizing feedback
between ice elevation and atmospheric circulation thus prevents full
inception from occurring.
The Hardship in History: How One Forgotten Theater Could Change Historic Preservation in Pennsylvania . . . But For Better or For Worse?
Authors: Snyder Casey J.
Published: October 2018

n/a
Tributación de las ganancias que se obtienen del ilícito penal
Authors: De Mosteyrín Sampalo Ricardo
Published: October 2018

Se aborda la problemática de la tributación de las ganancias ilícitas en general y de las delictivas en particular, con una breve referencia al Derecho comparado y analizando a fondo la doctrina y la jurisprudencia españolas sobre la materia. Se defiende la postura favorable a la tributación como única admisible en nuestro ordenamiento jurídico.
La equidad: una justicia más justa
Authors: Ruiz-Gallardón Isabel
Published: October 2018

El concepto de epiqueya fue introducido por Aristóteles en la Ética a Nicómaco (V, 4) para corregir la aplicación de una ley general y abstracta a un caso en que, sin hacer ningún tipo de distinción, resultaría contrario a la justicia. Esta idea ha pervivido, sobre todo en la contraposición entre un ius strictum, necesitado de una adecuación, y un ius aequum. Hoy la equidad se entiende como el criterio de justicia que toma en consideración no sólo el sistema jurídico, sino también las particularidades del caso, y que trata de darle una solución con un sentido moral y humano más que estrictamente legal. Similar a ésta es la consideración de la equidad como una separación de la letra de la ley para centrarse en su espíritu. Todo esto sin olvidar que en la raíz de la palabra latina aequitas se encuentra el elemento de la igualdad, de especial importancia en los casos en que la justicia que se pone en juego tiene un carácter distributivo, y sin olvidar que la importancia de la equidad es tal en los sistemas jurídicos angloamericanos que la equity es fuente de Derecho.
Presentación
Authors: Editorial Equipo
Published: October 2018

En la parte monográfica de este número, dedicada a “La transformación de la política”, se agrupan trabajos llegados a nuestra revista, de forma independiente, y que tienen en común abordar los cambios que se han producido en la esfera política en los últimos tiempos.
Moral fiscal en el contexto de crisis socioeconómica en España
Authors: Ortiz García Pilar , Portillo Navarro María José
Published: October 2018

El fraude fiscal, en cualquiera de sus formas, constituye una acción castigada por la ley de repercusiones sociales indudables, por ello, conocer los factores sociales determinantes de su gestación, es una necesidad. La actitud de los españoles hacia el fraude se ha hecho más crítica con la crisis y son varios los aspectos que han determinado este cambio de actitud. Este artículo analiza dichos aspectos. La literatura sobre fraude y moral fiscal conduce a considerar que las perspectivas económica y sociológica son complementarias en el análisis de la cuestión. Los resultados del análisis de regresión realizado - a partir de los datos de la Encuesta del Centro de Investigaciones Sociológicas de 2015, Opinión Pública y Política Fiscal - han identificado la relación entre la moral fiscal con aspectos tales como la percepción de la presión fiscal y la confianza en el sistema. Igualmente, se han revelado significativas otras variables sociodemográficas.
La transparencia, lo abierto y su política
Authors: Alonso Andoni , Martorell Francisco
Published: October 2018

La transparencia se ha convertido en un valor universalmente compartido. Sin embargo, es necesario un análisis crítico de sus formulaciones contemporáneas que atienda a sus múltiples manifestaciones, sean filosóficas, tecnológicas, sociológicas o políticas. La necesidad de la crítica al deseo actual de transparencia, concretado en una cascada de tendencias culturales, obedece a que el consenso universal que gira en torno a ella entraña el peligro de convertirse en pura retórica o en un elemento totalitario al servicio del control o alienación de los individuos. Si bien es cierto que se requieren de grados notables de transparencia cuando el componente implicado es el ejercicio del poder, no menos verdad es que se requieren, igualmente, ciertos grados de opacidad que protejan al individuo de la mirada procedente de los otros y de la campaña a favor de exhibir cualquier privacidad.
Locura y neoliberalismo. El lugar de la antipsiquiatría en la salud mental contemporánea
Authors: Cea Madrid Juan Carlos , Castillo Parada Tatiana
Published: October 2018

Este artículo pretende analizar los cambios en la comprensión de la locura luego de la irrupción del movimiento de la antipsiquiatría y examinar los procesos de adaptación de sus planteamientos en el marco del ascenso y auge del neoliberalismo. De acuerdo a la observación crítica de los postulados del movimiento de «ex pacientes o sobrevivientes de la psiquiatría» y el modelo de “recuperación” [recovery] en salud mental, se describen las transformaciones ideológicas en la comprensión y abordaje de la locura en la salud mental contemporánea. Finalmente, se examina la vigencia de la antipsiquiatría en un contexto neoliberal en base al reconocimiento de la importancia de la defensa de derechos de ciudadanía, el fortalecimiento de la autonomía y la construcción de una política de alianzas en el campo de la salud mental, así como el potencial transformador de los espacios comunitarios y movimientos sociales que reivindican la locura como base de su identidad colectiva.
La vivencia del desclasamiento. El caso de la cohorte de treintañeros con título superior en España
Authors: Bogino-Larrambebere Victoria
Published: October 2018

El objetivo de este artículo es analizar la vivencia del desclasamiento social de los titulados, en el seno de la cohorte de treintañeros y en el contexto actual de crisis económica. El análisis se basa en entrevistas en profundidad a tres tipos de perfiles sociales, que se distinguen prioritariamente por el nivel de educación y la ocupación de sus padres. El estudio revela que la vivencia del desclasamiento no es unívoca, sino que básicamente se traduce en la movilización de un sentimiento de doble desclasamiento (título y clase social de la familia de origen); de pertenencia a una “generación sacrificada” y de desilusión de la meritocracia.
Inefabilidad y sugerencia en dos flores enfermizas: "Correspondances" y "La Beauté", de Charles Baudelaire
Authors: Aznar Pérez Mario
Published: October 2018

En una época en la que la centralidad del lenguaje deja paso a la inmediatez de la imagen, y en un momento en el que la conciencia y la experiencia del límite suscitan profundos debates teóricos, este artículo revisa dos de los poemas más representativos e influyentes de Charles Baudelaire –“Correspondances” y “La Beauté”– incluidos en Les Fleurs du Mal (1857), a partir de dos conceptos que consideramos fundamentales para entender la poesía simbolista y aún la estética contemporánea: inefabilidad y sugerencia. Después de un primer acercamiento teórico a ambos conceptos, y de su aplicación crítica en la lectura de la poesía baudeleriana, veremos cómo el poète maudit que fuera Charles Baudelaire se sitúa de nuevo frente al magma candente de la creación más actual, recordándonos que en muchas ocasiones la fuerza de la imposibilidad y la del acto creativo corresponden a dos caras de la misma moneda.
Trente Ans, ou la Vie d’un Joueur, de Victor Ducange, en Buenos Aires. La suerte de un jugador y la gloria de un dramaturgo
Authors: Martino Luis Marcelo
Published: October 2018

Desde 1831, año en que se estrena Trente Ans, ou la Vie d’un Joueur, suben a los escenarios de Buenos Aires numerosos dramas de Victor Ducange. La Gaceta Mercantil y el Diario de la Tarde, dos de los principales periódicos de la época, se hacen eco en sus páginas de las novedades teatrales, ya sea a través de breves anuncios, editoriales o cartas de lectores. El presente trabajo se propone, a través del análisis de dichos textos, identificar y caracterizar el fenómeno de la recepción de Trente Ans en Buenos Aires, así como también reconstruir el proceso de consagración local de Ducange como dramaturgo, vinculado estrechamente con aquella pieza.
Rumors of Our Deaths: Fake News, Folk News, and Far Away Moses
Authors: Winick Stephen D.
Published: October 2018

This paper addresses the suggestion that “fake news” would be better called “folk news.” It explores the tale of the death and subsequent replacement by an impostor of a nineteenth-century celebrity, comparing that story to similar tales about Paul McCartney and Mark Twain. The legends and proverbs created in the context of these news reports suggest that “fake news” is not the same as “folk news,” largely because “folk” does not mean “fake.”
Believe Me, I’m Joking: The Dialectics of the Legend and the Dialectics of Humor
Authors: Marsh Moira
Published: October 2018

The American public is told that they can trust what the president says, except when he is joking. Jokers do not commit to the truth of what they are saying, but they do not commit to speaking untruth either. The joking frame discounts utterances, introducing not certainty, but endless ambiguity and argument. The White House’s invocation of the joking frame is one more element in the destabilizing of epistemology and in widening political, cultural, and social divisions.
Never Remember: Fake News Turning Points and Vernacular Critiques of Bad Faith Communication
Authors: Goldstein Diane E.
Published: October 2018

The February 2, 2017, false assertion by one of American President Donald Trump’s advisors of a terrorist tragedy in Bowling Green, Kentucky, has been characterized as a moment of significance that constituted a break in the “fake news clouds.” This article uses the vernacular response to the “Bowling Green Massacre” to understand the quick and decisive identification of bad faith communication and the strategic nature of resistance to hegemonic control over “fact” and “reality” in the wake of the Trump presidency. I explore the role of intertextuality, localization, and incongruity in the vernacular response to both a massacre that never happened and the overall phenomenon of fake news.
#CRISPRfacts, Gene Editing, and Joking in the Twittersphere
Authors: Lowthorp Leah
Published: October 2018

Digital folklore offers unique insight into how the wider public is grappling with complex scientific developments in the world today. This paper explores the relationship between scientific hyperbole and public skepticism of scientific claims in an age of fake news, in an examination of a joke cycle, #CRISPRfacts, that emerged on Twitter in response to hype about the new gene-editing tool CRISPR-Cas9.
“My friend posted it and that’s good enough for me!”: Source Perception in Online Information Sharing
Authors: McNeill Lynne S.
Published: October 2018

One of the solutions proposed to mitigate the impact of fake news is to train readers to be more critical of the material they encounter. While critical research and reading are indeed important skills to teach, the study of legends shows us that our acquisition of information—even that which we might call “news”—often comes from informal, conversational sources rather than from activities that we would label “research.” On social media, where the line between reading and conversing is especially blurred, the vetting of sources is complicated by the perception of exactly who or what the source of the information really is.