bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
MAPEAMENTO TECNOLÓGICO EM BIODIESEL: PEDIDOS DE PATENTE DEPOSITADOS NO MUNDO E BRASIL
Authors: Fantinel Antonio Luiz , Felix Lorenzo Marzari , Artuzo Felipe Dalzotto , Foguesatto Cristian Rogério , Flores Yesica Ramirez , Jahn Sérgio Luiz
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho objetivou analisar a busca por proteção patentária em biodiesel, primeiramente em nível mundial e por seguinte no Brasil, identificando os principais depositantes, como também explorados pedidos de patentes realizados por brasileiros. Utilizou-se para realização da prospecção o sistema de base de dados Questel Orbit, tendo como palavras chaves: Conceitos, Título, Resumo e reivindicações, utilizando-se a palavra biodiesel na plataforma de busca. Foram encontrados 11.905 depósitos de famílias a nível mundial entre1995 e 2015, sendo a grande maioria destes depósitos classificados na Seção C (Química; Metalurgia), tendo a China e Estados Unidos como principais depositantes. O Brasil aparece com 397 depósitos de patentes nativas sobre biodiesel, sendo a Petrobras a principal depositante com 36 publicações e posteriormente a predominância de instituições públicas de ensino superior apostando em tecnologias para produção de biodiesel, composições contendo biodiesel, uso de subprodutos e desenvolvimento de matérias primas para produção de biodiesel.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA EM TORNO DO USO DA FOTOCATÁLISE HETEROGÊNEA UTILIZANDO TiO2 PARA O TRATAMENTO DE CONTAMINANTES EM FASE GASOSA
Authors: Lied Eduardo Borges , Morejon Camilo Freddy Mendoza , Arcego Claudio Vinicius , Dos Santos Jr Elias Lira , Trevisan Ana Paula
Published: February 2018

As emissões atmosféricas têm se constituído em um dos maiores problemas a ser enfrentado pelos empreendimentos poluidores. Tem se mostrado significativo o volume de resultados de pesquisas científicas que confirmam a eficácia do uso de Processos Oxidativos Avançados (POAs), sendo premente a complementação tecnológica e de inovação no sentido de viabilizar a aplicação deste conhecimento. Portanto, o objetivo deste trabalho se incumbe de apresentar um panorama acerca do uso de reações de fotocatálise utilizando dióxido de titânio (TiO2) como método de degradação de contaminantes gasosos. Assim, pretende-se identificar os mecanismos convencionais utilizados nesta área, de modo a prospectar as principais características com relação ao desenvolvimento de tecnologias patenteadas no Brasil sob o registro do INPI (Instituto Nacional da Propriedade Industrial). No INPI estão sob proteção intelectual 6 equipamentos fotocatalíticos para o tratamento de contaminantes, isto evidencia um campo a ser explorado para o mercado de tecnologias ambientais.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA COMO FERRAMENTA DE ESTUDO PARA ELABORAÇÃO DE EXTRATOS HIDROSSOLÚVEIS DO ARROZ VERMELHO
Authors: Melo José Robson de Lima , Cavalcanti Mônica Tejo , Silva José Nilton
Published: February 2018

A elaboração de novos produtos com grãos de arroz como matéria prima é considerada propícia, em razão de que nos grãos são encontrados carboidratos, proteínas, gorduras, sais minerais, vitaminas, fibras, enzimas entre outras substâncias. Os grãos de arroz com pericarpo colorido apresentam propriedades nutricionais diferenciadas em relação ao arroz integral branco. O extrato hidrossolúvel é uma bebida de origem vegetal. O trabalho foi realizado através do mapeamento de patentes depositadas nas bases de dados do INPI, ESPACENET, USPTO e GOOGLE PATENTES relacionada ao extrato hidrossolúvel de arroz vermelho. Observou-se que há um baixo número de patentes nas bases, relacionadas ao arroz vermelho, e esse resultado indica ser inédita a utilização como matéria prima na elaboração de extratos. Além do mais, como efeito técnico, o extrato de arroz vermelho pode ser considerado um alimento com baixa caloria e hipoalérgico, podendo ser consumido por pessoas que apresentam doença celíaca, intolerância à lactose.
INTERAÇÃO ICT-EMPRESA: O CASO UFV ENTRE OS ANOS 2006 E 2015
Authors: Alves Flávia Ferreira , Da Costa Thamiris Campos , Gava Rodrigo
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo realizar análise das parcerias voltadas para pesquisa, desenvolvimento e inovação celebradas pela Universidade Federal de Viçosa no período entre os anos de 2006 e 2015, com enfoque na interação com o setor privado. Esse exame busca verificar, através de um estudo de caso, os reflexos do cenário da inovação, considerando a atenção que vem sendo conferida pelos gestores públicos no sentido de fomentar projetos inovadores e a interação com o setor produtivo. Para tanto, procede-se uma catalogação dos contratos firmados no período em destaque, assim como dos atores do setor privado que se relacionaram com a Universidade. Ao fim, conclui-se que apesar dos esforços do governo, da Universidade e das empresas, a promoção da inovação ainda enfrenta diversos desafios, os quais precisam ser superados, haja vista seu caráter imprescindível para se impulsionar o desenvolvimento social e econômico do país.
CÁPSULA DE CAFÉ: UMA ANÁLISE COM BASE EM TEORIA DA INOVAÇÃO BUSCANDO AGREGAR VALOR À BALANÇA COMERCIAL BRASILEIRA
Authors: Gallotti Maria-Eugênia Ramos , Pereira Elizabeth , Pinheiro Vera , Paulino Sergio , Peralta Patricia , Câmara Vinicius Bógea
Published: February 2018

O mercado das cápsulas de café em crescimento contínuo desponta como uma das alternativas a serem investigadas para o desafio da balança comercial negativa do café no Brasil decorrente de exportações de baixo valor e importações de alto valor agregado como as próprias cápsulas. A proposta desse estudo é se fundamentar nas teorias de inovação de Teece (1986) para buscar respostas e delas pensar iniciativas públicas e privadas, combinadas em desenvolvimento. Os resultados indicam a passagem para um regime de apropriação fraca onde dificilmente se voltará a impedir cápsulas compatíveis com a máquina Nespresso, design dominante que prevaleceu e que a força de Marca deve manter como referência para o consumidor. Indicam os ativos complementares críticos e mecanismos de obtenção que devem ser combinados com instrumentos de PI para relançar um regime forte de apropriação ou gerando algo novo em diferenciação.
OS IMPACTOS DA INDICAÇÃO DE PROCEDÊNCIA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO ECONÔMICO NA PRODUÇÃO DE UVA, NOS MUNICÍPIOS DOS VALES DA UVA GOETHE - SC
Authors: Schneider Michele Domingos , Zilli Julio Cesar , Viera Adriana Carvalho Pinto
Published: February 2018

A região de Urussanga é reconhecida pelo cultivo da uva Goethe, produto com características únicas e reconhecido com a implantação da Indicação de Procedência Vales da Uva Goethe, em 2012. Desta forma, este artigo tem por objetivo analisar os impactos da IPVUG e as contribuições para o desenvolvimento socioeconômico para os produtores de uva Goethe. A metodologia de pesquisa é descritiva, documental com abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se fontes secundárias disponíveis no IBGE cidades, considerando a variável temporal de 2004 a 2014, nas cidades pertencentes a IG. Os dados apontam que houve pequeno crescimento da área plantada de uvas. A produção de uvas apresenta variações positivas. Os valores da produção ampliaram consideravelmente. O valor pago pela uva apresenta notória a agregação de valor ao produto, principalmente a partir de 2012. Neste sentido, novos estudos devem ser delineados considerando as contribuições técnicas aos produtores e estender as análises para produção e comercialização do vinho Goethe.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE COMBUSTÍVEL RENOVÁVEL PARA AVIACÃO: ESTUDO DE CASO DO DIESEL VERDE.
Authors: Borschiver Suzana , Realpe Cindy , Gimenes Couto Maria Antonieta , Coelho Karoline
Published: February 2018

A oscilação no preço do petróleo, os riscos geopolíticos decorrentes da sua dependência e os compromissos mais sólidos com a questão ambiental fazem com que o desenvolvimento de combustíveis a partir de matéria-prima renovável venha se destacando no cenário mundial. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo de prospecção tecnológica, a fim de compreender as principais tendências tecnológicas, em relação a aspectos de processo, produto, catalisador e oportunidades na implantação do diesel verde para substituir os combustíveis convencionais. O trabalho recorreu a analise de artigos (base SCOPUS), publicações em mídia especializada e patentes (USPTO e INPI), de 2000 a 2015/7. Cabe destacar algumas tendências identificadas no estudo como: as matérias-primas mais utilizadas na produção de diesel verde foram as algas e o processo de destaque foi o hidroprocessamento. Baseado nos resultados encontrados no estudo prospectivo foi possível projetar alguns cenários futuros em diferentes estágios temporais (curto, médio e longo prazo).
LEVANTAMENTO DE CENÁRIOS DE PROTEÇÕES E PESQUISA E DESENVOLVIMENTO PARA ZIKA REFERENTES À DIAGNÓSTICO, TRATAMENTO E PREVENÇÃO
Authors: Longa Leila Costa Duarte , Leite Leonardo Silva , Carvalho Melissa Da Silva
Published: February 2018

O Zika vírus (ZIKV) é um arbovírus, do gênero Flavivírus, família Flaviviridae que relaciona-se com outros vírus transmitidos por mosquitos tais como dengue, chikungunya, febre do nilo ocidental e encefalite japonesa. Em 2015, deflagrou-se o surto de zika vírus no Brasil e com ele diversas pesquisas foram iniciadas dado a gravidade do tema. O objetivo deste trabalho é identificar o panorama de proteção por propriedade industrial relacionado ao zika vírus e também o panorama de pesquisa e desenvolvimento de produtos relacionados ao tema. Para tal, foram realizadas buscas nas bases Questel Orbit e Thomson Reuters Integrity de patentes e produtos. Desta forma, identificou-se que o número de documentos de patentes focados no vírus zika é pouco expressivo e parte dos documentos identificados se referem a diagnóstico, tratamento e prevenção de outros vírus que também referenciam zika em suas reivindicações.
ESTUDO PROSPECTIVO RELATIVO À ATIVIDADE DA TILÁPIA PARA A INDÚSTRIA DE ALIMENTOS NO PERÍODO DE 2006 A 2016
Authors: Almeida Bandeira Maria Da Glória , Nascimento Jaqueline Silva
Published: February 2018

A Tilápia (Oreochromis niloticus) é atualmente a espécie que apresenta maiores índices de produção na aquicultura nacional, em função de características relativas à rusticidade genética, reprodução e potencial e mercadológico. As características específicas de produção da tilápia a tornaram implementável como cultivo tanto em escala industrial quanto de subsistência em grandes extensões do território brasileiro. Para a realização da busca de patentes, utilizou-se da base World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO), European Patent Office (Espacenet), Derwent Innovations Index  e do banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI). Para a pesquisa de artigos científicos utilizou-se de bancos nacional e internacional SCIELO e SCOPUS utilizando palavras-chave e agrupamentos das palavras direcionadas ao tema proposto no período de 2006 a 2016. A pesquisa foi realizada entre os meses de maio e junho de 2017.

 

Palavras-chave: Tilápia. Prospecção. Patentes.
ANÁLISE COMPARATIVA BAHIA-BRASIL DA INTRODUÇÃO DAS INOVAÇÕES TECNOLÓGICAS NO MERCADO A PARTIR DOS DADOS DA PINTEC NO PERÍODO DE 2009 A 2014, SOB A ÓTICA DA TEORIA EVOLUCIONÁRIA
Authors: Mota Neto Severiano José
Published: February 2018

Este artigo busca apresentar inicialmente a contribuição da abordagem neoschumpeteriana a partir da concepção da evolução das espécies de Spencer, Lamarck e Darwin, analisando a quebra dessa tipificação e como foi desenvolvido o pensamento mais recente, apontando os contrapontos e congruências com a teoria neoclássica. Assim, apresentam-se as características básicas da teoria neoschumpeteriana: paradigma, aprendizagem e o sistema nacional de inovação no Brasil e sua nova percepção. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do trabalho foi analisar a introdução das inovações tecnológicas no mercado a partir dos dados da Pintec de 2009 a 2014, para tanto se utilizou uma metodologia de análise qualitativa, com abordagem exploratória descritiva. Os resultados do trabalho apontam para necessidade de haver maiores investimentos por parte das empresas no que tange ao objeto de estudo da pesquisa e que a relação das abordagens evolucionárias são condizentes com a evolução dos indicadores analisados.
AVALIAÇÃO DE PATENTES E INOVAÇÃO. MÉTODOS E PROBLEMAS
Authors: Aveni Alessandro , Carvalho Sônia Marise Salles
Published: February 2018

O presente trabalho parte do problema de avaliação da inovação. As avaliações clássicas usam um modelo econômico que se baseia sobre análise de mercado. Porém existe um paradoxo, o de Collidrige, que diz que a previsão dos efeitos da inovação ex-ante implica que seja possível avaliá-la antes que ela possa produzir seus efeitos. O artigo mostra como superar este paradoxo.  Uma avaliação do valor imaterial se remete ao paradoxo avaliando um capital humano em relação a sociedade atual e não na base de qual seria a sociedade no futuro depois que a inovação terá produzidos seus efeitos na sociedade. A proposta de solução ao dilema que se encontra na avaliação do capital financeiro e do capital humano é considerar a inovação ligada ao processo empreendedor e suas avaliações pois é nele que há lócus em que a inovação se manifesta no seu potencial e se realiza como lucro empresarial.
EXPERIÊNCIAS SOBRE O PROCESSO DE COOPERAÇÃO UNIVERSIDADE-EMPRESA: ESTUDO DE CASO NO INTERIOR DO PARANÁ
Authors: Abreu Leandro Rafael de , Kuhl Marcos Roberto
Published: February 2018

O objetivo deste estudo consiste em analisar o processo de cooperação para inovação entre universidade e empresa, a partir da perspectiva dos envolvidos, pesquisadores e representantes das empresas. O estudo limitou-se aos projetos vinculados a uma instituição de ensino superior do Paraná. Verificou-se a necessidade de adaptação de modelos encontrados para o caso proposto, sendo assim, foi elaborado um modelo que inclui aspectos de estudos sobre cooperação, de forma a melhorar a compreensão do fenômeno estudado. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, com abordagem qualitativa e estratégia estudo de caso, com coleta de dados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com três representantes de empresas e três pesquisadores, participantes de projetos de cooperação U-E, e também com o gestor da agência/núcleo de inovação, responsável pelos três processos. Dados documentais, baseados nos registros da cooperação, termos de convênio, contratos de cooperação, projetos de pesquisa dos pesquisadores, entre outros, também foram analisados. Os principais resultados obtidos indicam que aspectos como acesso a recursos, custo e capacitação, permeiam todo processo de cooperação U-E; que a possibilidade de gerar contribuição significativa para a sociedade em termos econômicos, sociais e ambientais é relevante para ambos os atores; que a maioria dos aspectos apontados pelos entrevistados é coerente com aqueles identificados na literatura. Como contribuição relevante do estudo, considera-se a proposição de um novo modelo de análise da cooperação U-E, a partir da perspectiva de três fases.
PROSPECÇÃO TECNOLÓGICA DE LEGUMINOSAS NA PRODUÇÃO DE ALIMENTOS FUNCIONAIS DESTINADOS AO SETOR DE PANIFICAÇÃO E CONFEITARIA
Authors: Santos Wagna P. C. , Ribeiro Núbia M , Gerreiro Evelyn Seilhe , Nano Rita M W , Benevides Clicia M J , Lopes Mariangela V , Miranda Kátia E S
Published: February 2018

As leguminosas (p. ex. ervilha, lentilha, feijões etc.) são alimentos importantes para assegurar a segurança alimentar da dieta. A Bahia ocupa a quarta posição entre os principais Estados produtores de feijão no Brasil. Com respeito à produção de leguminosas, o Estado da Bahia encontra-se em segundo lugar em área plantada. A pesquisa foi realizada mediante o levantamento de fontes bibliográficas e de informações tecnológicas acessíveis em bases de dados, tendo uma abordagem quantitativa e exploratória. Foram definidas as estratégias de busca utilizando palavras-chave e códigos internacionais pertinentes ao tema delimitado. As buscas de documentos foram realizadas em junho de 2017 nas bases/software do INPI, ESPACENET e ORBIT®. Os resultados quanto ao número de processos variaram consideravelmente quando comparados os resultados obtidos das três bases da dados/software. Os códigos de classificação internacional de maior relevância foram A23L-007/10 e A23L-19/00. A China destaca-se como país com domínio da tecnologia, seguida pela Coréia, Japão e Estados Unidos. O domínio tecnológico de maior relevância para os documentos recuperados nesta pesquisa é o "Química de Alimentos". O desenvolvimento de produtos alimentícios à base de leguminosas pode apresentar-se como uma alternativa inovadora ao atendimento às tendências do mercado de alimentos para os próximos anos.
Northern Hemisphere Stratospheric Ozone Depletion Caused by Solar Proton Events: The Role of the Polar Vortex
Authors: Denton M. H. , Kivi R. , Ulich T. , Clilverd M. A. , Rodger C. J. , von der Gathen P.
Published: February 2018

Ozonesonde data from four sites are analyzed in relation to 191 solar proton events from 1989 to 2016. Analysis shows ozone depletion (~10–35 km altitude) commencing following the SPEs. Seasonally corrected ozone data demonstrate that depletions occur only in winter/early spring above sites where the northern hemisphere polar vortex (PV) can be present. A rapid reduction in stratospheric ozone is observed with the maximum decrease occurring ~10–20 days after solar proton events. Ozone levels remain depleted in excess of 30 days. No depletion is observed above sites completely outside the PV. No depletion is observed in relation to 191 random epochs at any site at any time of year. Results point to the role of indirect ozone destruction, most likely via the rapid descent of long‐lived NOx species in the PV during the polar winter.
An Empirical Model of the Variation of the Solar Lyman‐α Spectral Irradiance
Authors: Kretzschmar Matthieu , Snow Martin , Curdt Werner
Published: February 2018

We propose a simple model that computes the spectral profile of the solar irradiance in the hydrogen Lyman alpha line, H Ly‐α (121.567 nm), from 1947 to present. Such a model is relevant for the study of many astronomical environments, from planetary atmospheres to interplanetary medium. This empirical model is based on the SOlar Heliospheric Observatory/Solar Ultraviolet Measurement of Emitted Radiation observations of the Ly‐α irradiance over solar cycle 23 and the Ly‐α disk‐integrated irradiance composite. The model reproduces the temporal variability of the spectral profile and matches the independent SOlar Radiation and Climate Experiment/SOLar‐STellar Irradiance Comparison Experiment spectral observations from 2003 to 2007 with an accuracy better than 10%.
The 2017 Jiuzhaigou Earthquake: A Complicated Event Occurred in a Young Fault System
Authors: Sun Jianbao , Yue Han , Shen Zhengkang , Fang Lihua , Zhan Yan , Sun Xiangyu
Published: February 2018

The Minshan Uplift Zone (MUZ) is located at the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, which is the junction of three tectonic terranes. The observed discrepancy between a high uplifting and low shortening rate over the MUZ is attributed to the intrusion of a viscous lower crust. In the last 50 years, several significant earthquakes occurred at the boundaries of the MUZ, that is, the Huya and Mingjiang faults. On 8 August 2017, the Jiuzhaigou earthquake (Mw 6.5) occurred on the northern extension of the Huya fault. We adopt a joint inversion of the interferometric synthetic aperture radar and teleseismic body wave data to investigate the rupture process of this event. The obtained slip model is dominated by left‐lateral strike slips on a subvertical fault presenting significant shallow slip deficit. The rupture initiation is composed of both thrust and strike‐slip mechanisms producing a non‐double‐couple solution. We also resolve a secondary fault branch forming an obtuse angle with the main fault plane at its northern end. These phenomena indicate that the northern Huya fault is a young (less mature) fault system. Focal mechanisms of the regional earthquakes demonstrate that the northern and southern Huya faults present different combinations of strike‐slip and reversed motion. We attribute such discrepancy to the lateral extension of the viscous lower crust, which appears to extrude to the east beyond the northern Huya fault, in comparison with that confined under the MUZ near the southern Huya fault. This conceptual model is also supported by geomorphological and magnetotelluric observations.
New Model for Ionospheric Irregularities at Mars
Authors: Keskinen M. J.
Published: February 2018

A new model for ionospheric irregularities at Mars is presented. It is shown that wind‐driven currents in the dynamo region of the Martian ionosphere can be unstable to the electromagnetic gradient drift instability. This plasma instability can generate ionospheric density and magnetic field irregularities with scale sizes of approximately 15–20 km down to a few kilometers. We show that the instability‐driven magnetic field fluctuation amplitudes relative to background are correlated with the ionospheric density fluctuation amplitudes relative to background. Our results can explain recent observations made by the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile EvolutioN spacecraft in the Martian ionosphere dynamo region.
Clayey Landslide Initiation and Acceleration Strongly Modulated by Soil Swelling
Authors: Schulz William H. , Smith Joel B. , Wang Gonghui , Jiang Yao , Roering Joshua J.
Published: February 2018

Largely unknown mechanisms restrain motion of clay‐rich, slow‐moving landslides that are widespread worldwide and rarely accelerate catastrophically. We studied a clayey, slow‐moving landslide typical of thousands in Northern California, USA, to decipher hydrologic‐mechanical interactions that modulate landslide dynamics. Similar to some other studies, observed pore‐water pressures correlated poorly with landslide reactivation and speed. In situ and laboratory measurements strongly suggested that variable pressure along the landslide's lateral shear boundaries resulting from seasonal soil expansion and contraction modulated its reactivation and speed. Slope‐stability modeling suggested that the landslide's observed behavior could be predicted by including transient swell pressure as a resistance term, whereas modeling considering only transient hydrologic conditions predicted movement five to six months prior to when it was observed. All clayey soils swell to some degree; hence, our findings suggest that swell pressure likely modulates motion of many landslides and should be considered to improve forecasts of clayey landslide initiation and mobility.
Photometric Modeling and VIS‐IR Albedo Maps of Dione From Cassini‐VIMS
Authors: Filacchione G. , Ciarniello M. , D'Aversa E. , Capaccioni F. , Cerroni P. , Buratti B. J. , Clark R. N. , Stephan K. , Plainaki C.
Published: February 2018

We report about visible and infrared albedo maps and spectral indicators of Dione's surface derived from the complete Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) data set acquired between 2004 and 2017 during the Cassini tour in Saturn's system. Maps are derived by applying a photometric correction necessary to disentangle the intrinsic albedo of the surface from illumination and viewing geometry occurring at the time of the observation. The photometric correction is based on the Shkuratov et al. (2011, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pss.2011.06.011) method which yields values of the surface equigonal albedo. Dione's surface albedo maps are rendered at five visible (VIS: 0.35, 0.44, 0.55, 0.7, and 0.95 μm) and five infrared (IR: 1.046, 1.540, 1.822, 2.050, and 2.200 μm) wavelengths in cylindrical projection with a 0.5° × 0.5° angular resolution in latitude and longitude, corresponding to a spatial resolution of 4.5 km/bin. Apart from visible and infrared albedo maps, we report about the distribution of the two visible spectral slopes (0.35–0.55 and 0.55–0.95 μm) and water ice 2.050 μm band depth computed after having applied the photometric correction. The derived spectral indicators are employed to trace Dione's composition variability on both global and local scales allowing to study the dichotomy between the bright‐leading and dark‐trailing hemispheres, the distribution of fresh material on the impact craters and surrounding ejecta, and the resurfacing of the bright material within the chasmata caused by tectonism.
Can Large Oceanic Vortices Be Stable?
Authors: Benilov E. S.
Published: February 2018

Observations show that radii of oceanic eddies often exceed the Rossby radius of deformation, whereas theoretical studies suggest that such vortices should be unstable. The present paper resolves this paradox by presenting a wide class of large geostrophic vortices with a sign‐definite gradient of potential vorticity (which makes them stable), in an ocean where the density gradient is mostly confined to a thin near‐surface layer (which is indeed the case in the real ocean). The condition of a thin “active” layer is what makes the present work different from the previous theoretical studies and is of utmost importance. It turns out that without it, the joint requirement that a vortex be large and have a sign‐definite potential vorticity gradient trivializes the problem by eliminating all vortices except nearly barotropic ones.
Statistical Study of Low‐Frequency Electromagnetic Cyclotron Waves in the Solar Wind at 1 AU
Authors: Zhao G. Q. , Feng H. Q. , Wu D. J. , Liu Q. , Zhao Y. , Zhao A. , Huang J.
Published: February 2018

Electromagnetic cyclotron waves (ECWs) near the proton cyclotron frequency are common wave activities in the solar wind and have attracted much attention in recent years. This paper investigates 82,809 ECWs based on magnetic field data from the Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory‐A mission between 2007 and 2013. Results show that ECWs may last for just a few seconds or incessantly for several tens of minutes. The time fraction of ECW storms among all solar wind is about 0.9%; the storms are obtained with the duration threshold of 10 min, amplitude criterion of 0.032 nT, and time separation limit of 3 min for combination of intermittent ECWs. Most of ECWs have their amplitudes less than 1 nT, while some ECWs have large amplitudes comparable to the ambient magnetic field. The distributions of the durations and amplitudes of these ECWs are characterized by power law spectra, respectively, with spectrum indexes around 4. Statistically, there seems to be a tendency that ECWs with a longer duration will have a larger amplitude. Observed ECW properties are time dependent, and the median frequency of left‐hand ECWs can be lower than that of right‐hand ECWs in some months in the spacecraft frame. The percentage of left‐hand ECWs varies in a large range with respect to months; it is much low (26%) in a month, though it frequently exceeds 50% in other months. Characteristics of ECWs with concurrent polarizations are also researched. The present study should be of importance for a more complete picture of ECWs in the solar wind.
Curie Point Depth of the Iberian Peninsula and Surrounding Margins. A Thermal and Tectonic Perspective of its Evolution
Authors: Andrés J. , Marzán I. , Ayarza P. , Martí D. , Palomeras I. , Torné M. , Campbell S. , Carbonell R.
Published: February 2018

In this work the thermal structure of the Iberian Peninsula is derived from magnetic data by calculating the bottom of the magnetization, assumed to be the Curie‐point depth (CPD) isotherm, which accounts for the depth at which magnetite becomes paramagnetic (580°C). Comparison of the CPD with crustal thickness maps along with a heat flow map derived from the CPD provides new insights on the lithospheric thermal regime. Within Iberia, the CPD isotherm has thickness in the range of 17 to 29 km. This isotherm is shallow (<18 km) offshore, where the lithosphere is thinner. In continental Iberia, the NW Variscan domain presents a magnetic response that is most probably linked to thickening and later extension processes during the late Variscan Orogeny, which resulted in widespread crustal melting and emplacement of granites (in the Central Iberian Arc). The signature of the CPD at the Gibraltar Arc reveals a geometry consistent with the slab roll‐back geodynamic model that shaped the western Mediterranean. In offshore areas, a broad extension of magnetized upper mantle is found. Serpentinization of the upper mantle, probably triggered in an extensional context, is proposed to account for the magnetic signal. The Atlantic margin presents up to 8 km of serpentinites, which, according to the identification of exhumed mantle, correlates with a hyperextended margin. The Mediterranean also presents generalized serpentinization up to 6 km in the Algerian Basin. Furthermore, a heat flow map and a Moho temperature map derived from the CPD are presented.
Methane Feedbacks to the Global Climate System in a Warmer World
Authors: Dean Joshua F. , Middelburg Jack J. , Röckmann Thomas , Aerts Rien , Blauw Luke G. , Egger Matthias , Jetten Mike S. M. , de Jong Anniek E. E. , Meisel Ove H. , Rasigraf Olivia , Slomp Caroline P. , in't Zandt Michiel H. , Dolman A. J.
Published: February 2018

Methane (CH4) is produced in many natural systems that are vulnerable to change under a warming climate, yet current CH4 budgets, as well as future shifts in CH4 emissions, have high uncertainties. Climate change has the potential to increase CH4 emissions from critical systems such as wetlands, marine and freshwater systems, permafrost, and methane hydrates, through shifts in temperature, hydrology, vegetation, landscape disturbance, and sea level rise. Increased CH4 emissions from these systems would in turn induce further climate change, resulting in a positive climate feedback. Here we synthesize biological, geochemical, and physically focused CH4 climate feedback literature, bringing together the key findings of these disciplines. We discuss environment‐specific feedback processes, including the microbial, physical, and geochemical interlinkages and the timescales on which they operate, and present the current state of knowledge of CH4 climate feedbacks in the immediate and distant future. The important linkages between microbial activity and climate warming are discussed with the aim to better constrain the sensitivity of the CH4 cycle to future climate predictions. We determine that wetlands will form the majority of the CH4 climate feedback up to 2100. Beyond this timescale, CH4 emissions from marine and freshwater systems and permafrost environments could become more important. Significant CH4 emissions to the atmosphere from the dissociation of methane hydrates are not expected in the near future. Our key findings highlight the importance of quantifying whether CH4 consumption can counterbalance CH4 production under future climate scenarios.
Extreme Mesozoic Crustal Thinning in the Eastern Iberia Margin: The Example of the Columbrets Basin (Valencia Trough)
Authors: Etheve Nathalie , Mohn Geoffroy , Frizon de Lamotte Dominique , Roca Eduard , Tugend Julie , Gómez‐Romeu Júlia
Published: February 2018

Eastern Iberia preserves a complex succession of Mesozoic rifts partly or completely inverted during the Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic in relation with Africa‐Eurasia convergence. Notably, the Valencia Trough, classically viewed as part of the Cenozoic West Mediterranean basins, preserves in its southwestern part a thick Mesozoic succession (locally ≈10 km thick) over a highly thinned continental basement (locally only ≈3.5 km thick). This subbasin, referred to as the Columbrets Basin, represents a Late Jurassic‐Early Cretaceous hyperextended rift basin weakly overprinted by subsequent events. Its initial configuration is well preserved allowing us to unravel its 3‐D architecture and tectonostratigraphic evolution in the frame of the Mesozoic evolution of eastern Iberia. The Columbrets Basin benefits from an extensive data set combining high‐resolution seismic reflection profiles, drill holes, seismic refraction data, and expanding spread profiles. The interactions between halokinesis, involving the Upper Triassic salt, and extensional deformation controlled the architecture of the Mesozoic basin. The thick uppermost Triassic to Cretaceous succession displays a large‐scale “syncline” shape, progressively stretched and dismembered toward the basin borders. We propose that the SE border of the basin is characterized by a large extensional detachment fault acting at crustal scale and interacting locally with the Upper Triassic décollement. This extensional structure accommodates the exhumation of the continental basement and part of the crustal thinning. Eventually, our results highlight the complex interaction between extreme crustal thinning and occurrence of a prerift salt level for the deformation style and tectonostratigraphic evolution of hyperextended rift basins.
Differential Exhumation Across the Longriba Fault System: Implications for the Eastern Tibetan Plateau
Authors: Ansberque Claire , Godard Vincent , Olivetti Valerio , Bellier Olivier , de Sigoyer Julia , Bernet Matthias , Stübner Konstanze , Tan Xibin , Xu Xiwei , Ehlers Todd A.
Published: February 2018

The deformation processes at work across the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau remain controversial. The interpretation of its tectonic history is often polarized between two deformation models: ductile flow in the lower crust and shortening and crustal thickening accommodated by brittle structures in the upper crust. Many geological investigations on this plateau margin focused on the Longmen Shan, at the western edge of the Sichuan Basin. However, the Longriba fault system (LFS) located 200 km northwest and parallel to the Longmen Shan structures provides an opportunity to understand the role of hinterland faults in eastern Tibet geodynamics. For this reason, we investigate the exhumation history of rocks across the LFS using (U‐Th)/He and fission track ages from apatite and zircon. Results show a significant contrast in cooling histories across the Maoergai fault, the southernmost fault of the LFS. South of the Maoergai fault, the bedrock records a rapid increase in exhumation rate since ~10–15 Ma. In contrast, the area north of the fault has experienced steady cooling since ~25–35 Ma. We attribute this cooling contrast to ~2 km of differential rock uplift across the Maoergai fault, providing the first evidence of activity of the LFS in the Late Cenozoic. Our results indicate that deformation of the eastern Tibetan margin has been partitioned into the LFS and the Longmen Shan over an ~200 km wide block, which should be incorporated in future studies on the region's deformation, and in both above‐mentioned deformation models.
Analysis of Tide and Offshore Storm‐Induced Water Table Fluctuations for Structural Characterization of a Coastal Island Aquifer
Authors: Trglavcnik Victoria , Morrow Dean , Weber Kela P. , Li Ling , Robinson Clare E.
Published: February 2018

Analysis of water table fluctuations can provide important insight into the hydraulic properties and structure of a coastal aquifer system including the connectivity between the aquifer and ocean. This study presents an improved approach for characterizing a permeable heterogeneous coastal aquifer system through analysis of the propagation of the tidal signal, as well as offshore storm pulse signals through a coastal aquifer. Offshore storms produce high wave activity, but are not necessarily linked to significant onshore precipitation. In this study, we focused on offshore storm events during which no onshore precipitation occurred. Extensive groundwater level data collected on a sand barrier island (Sable Island, NS, Canada) show nonuniform discontinuous propagation of the tide and offshore storm pulse signals through the aquifer with isolated inland areas showing enhanced response to both oceanic forcing signals. Propagation analysis suggests that isolated inland water table fluctuations may be caused by localized leakage from a confined aquifer that is connected to the ocean offshore but within the wave setup zone. Two‐dimensional groundwater flow simulations were conducted to test the leaky confined‐unconfined aquifer conceptualization and to identify the effect of key parameters on tidal signal propagation in leaky confined‐unconfined coastal aquifers. This study illustrates that analysis of offshore storm signal propagation, in addition to tidal signal propagation, provides a valuable and low resource approach for large‐scale characterization of permeable heterogeneous coastal aquifers. Such an approach is needed for the effective management of coastal environments where water resources are threatened by human activities and the changing climate.
Assimilation of Spatially Sparse In Situ Soil Moisture Networks into a Continuous Model Domain
Authors: Gruber A. , Crow W. T. , Dorigo W. A.
Published: February 2018

Growth in the availability of near‐real‐time soil moisture observations from ground‐based networks has spurred interest in the assimilation of these observations into land surface models via a two‐dimensional data assimilation system. However, the design of such systems is currently hampered by our ignorance concerning the spatial structure of error afflicting ground and model‐based soil moisture estimates. Here we apply newly developed triple collocation techniques to provide the spatial error information required to fully parameterize a two‐dimensional (2‐D) data assimilation system designed to assimilate spatially sparse observations acquired from existing ground‐based soil moisture networks into a spatially continuous Antecedent Precipitation Index (API) model for operational agricultural drought monitoring. Over the contiguous United States (CONUS), the posterior uncertainty of surface soil moisture estimates associated with this 2‐D system is compared to that obtained from the 1‐D assimilation of remote sensing retrievals to assess the value of ground‐based observations to constrain a surface soil moisture analysis. Results demonstrate that a fourfold increase in existing CONUS ground station density is needed for ground network observations to provide a level of skill comparable to that provided by existing satellite‐based surface soil moisture retrievals.
Identification of Flood Reactivity Regions via the Functional Clustering of Hydrographs
Authors: Brunner Manuela I. , Viviroli Daniel , Furrer Reinhard , Seibert Jan , Favre Anne‐Catherine
Published: February 2018

Flood hydrograph shapes contain valuable information on the flood‐generation mechanisms of a catchment. To make good use of this information, we express flood hydrograph shapes as continuous functions using a functional data approach. We propose a clustering approach based on functional data for flood hydrograph shapes to identify a set of representative hydrograph shapes on a catchment scale and use these catchment‐specific sets of representative hydrographs to establish regions of catchments with similar flood reactivity on a regional scale. We applied this approach to flood samples of 163 medium‐size Swiss catchments. The results indicate that three representative hydrograph shapes sufficiently describe the hydrograph shape variability within a catchment and therefore can be used as a proxy for the flood behavior of a catchment. These catchment‐specific sets of three hydrographs were used to group the catchments into three reactivity regions of similar flood behavior. These regions were not only characterized by similar hydrograph shapes and reactivity but also by event magnitudes and triggering event conditions. We envision these regions to be useful in regionalization studies, regional flood frequency analyses, and to allow for the construction of synthetic design hydrographs in ungauged catchments. The clustering approach based on functional data which establish these regions is very flexible and has the potential to be extended to other geographical regions or toward the use in climate impact studies.
Lateral, Vertical, and Longitudinal Source Area Connectivity Drive Runoff and Carbon Export Across Watershed Scales
Authors: Zimmer Margaret A. , McGlynn Brian L.
Published: February 2018

Watersheds are three‐dimensional hydrologic systems where the longitudinal expansion/contraction of stream networks, vertical connection/disconnection between shallow and deep groundwater systems, and lateral connectivity of these water sources to streams mediate runoff production and nutrient export. The connectivity of runoff source areas during both baseflow and stormflow conditions and their combined influence on biogeochemical fluxes remain poorly understood. Here we focused on a set of 3.3 and 48.4 ha nested watersheds (North Carolina, USA). These watersheds comprise ephemeral and intermittent runoff‐producing headwaters and perennial runoff‐producing lowlands. Within these landscape elements, we characterized the timing and magnitude of precipitation, runoff, and runoff‐generating flow paths. The active surface drainage network (ASDN) reflected connectivity to, and contributions from, source areas that differed under baseflow and stormflow conditions. The baseflow‐associated ASDN expanded and contracted seasonally, driven by the rise and fall of the seasonal water table. Superimposed on this were event‐activated source area contributions driven by connectivity to surficial and shallow subsurface flow paths. Frequently activated shallow flow paths also caused increased in‐stream dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations with increases in runoff across both watershed scales. The spread and variability within this DOC‐runoff relationship was driven by a seasonal depletion of DOC from continual shallow subsurface flow path activation and subsequent replenishment from autumn litterfall. Our findings suggest that hydrobiogeochemical signals at larger watershed outlets can be driven by the expansion, contraction, and connection of lateral, longitudinal, and vertical source areas with distinct runoff generation processes.
Soil and Atmospheric Controls on the Land Surface Energy Balance: A Generalized Framework for Distinguishing Moisture‐Limited and Energy‐Limited Evaporation Regimes
Authors: Haghighi Erfan , Short Gianotti Daniel J. , Akbar Ruzbeh , Salvucci Guido D. , Entekhabi Dara
Published: February 2018

The relationship between evaporative fraction (EF) and soil moisture (SM) has traditionally been used in atmospheric and land‐surface modeling communities to determine the coupling strength between land surfaces and the atmosphere in the context of the dominant evaporation regime (energy or moisture limited). However, observation‐based analyses suggest that EF‐SM relationship in a given region can shift subject to other environmental factors, potentially influencing the determination of the dominant evaporation regime. This implies more complex dependencies embedded in the conventional EF‐SM relationship and that in fact it is a multidimensional function. In this study, we develop a generalized EF framework that explicitly accounts for dependencies on other environmental conditions. We show that large scatter in observed EF‐SM relationships is primarily due to the projection of variations in other dimensions and propose a normalization of the EF‐SM relationship accounting for the dimensions and dependencies not included in the conventional relationship. In this first study, we focus on bare soil conditions in order to establish the basic theoretical framework. The new generalized EF framework provides new insights into the origin of transition between energy‐limited and moisture‐limited evaporation regimes (marked by a critical SM), linked to soil type and meteorological input data (primarily wind speed and air temperature, but not solar radiation) dominating the evolution of land surface temperature and thus the relative efficiency of surface energy balance components during surface drying. Our results offer new opportunities to advance predictive capabilities quantifying land‐atmosphere coupling for a wide range of present and projected meteorological input data.
Expanding the “Active Layer”: Discussion of Church and Haschenburger (2017) What is the “Active Layer”? Water Resources Research 53, 5–10, Doi:10.1002/2016WR019675
Authors: Ashmore Peter , Peirce Sarah , Leduc Pauline
Published: February 2018

Church and Haschenburger (2017, https://doi.org/10.1002/2016WR019675) make helpful distinctions around the issue of defining the active layer, with which we agree. We propose expanding discussion and definition of the “active layer” in fluvial bedload transport to include the concept of the “morphological active layer.” This is particularly applicable to laterally unstable rivers (such as braided rivers) in which progressive morphological change over short time periods is the process by which much of the bedload transport occurs. The morphological active layer is also distinguished by variable lateral and longitudinal extent continuity over a range of flows and transport intensity. We suggest that the issue of forms of active layer raised by Church and Haschenburger opens up an important discussion on the nature of bedload transport in relation to river morpho‐dynamics over the range of river types.
Advances in Space Weather Data Interpretation and Simulations
Authors: Knipp Delores J.
Published: February 2018

This editorial highlights recent data and model results for Space Weather readers.
Other organisms. Hindgut spirochetes of termites and cockroaches
Authors: Paster Bruce J.
Published: February 2018

In the hindguts of termites and wood‐eating cockroaches, spirochetes are common inhabitants that occur free in the gut fluid and attached to the surfaces of protozoa. These adherent spirochetes are involved in some forms of protozoan motility and may contribute to the health of the protozoan. The size of hindgut spirochetes ranges widely and, with one exception, they have characteristic internal periplasmic flagella. However, some species have additional distinctive features. Only a limited number of species has been grown in pure or mixed culture. Phylogenetically, most of the termite and cockroach spirochetes belong within the genusTreponema, although some fall within the genusSpirochaetaand some belong to newly proposed genera. The complete genome sequence is available for several of the cultivable taxa.

Spirochaetes /Spirochaetia / Spirochaetales / Other organisms. Hindgut spirochetes of termites and cockroaches
Robinsoniella
Authors: Lawson Paul A.
Published: February 2018

Ro.bin.so.ni.el'la. N.L. fem. dim. n.Robinsoniellain honor of Isadore M. Robinson, in recognition of his many contributions to swine microbiology.

Firmicutes / Clostridia / Clostridiales / Lachnospiraceae / Robinsoniella

Gram‐stain‐positive, ovoid to short rods occurring as single cells or in pairs. Endospores are formed. Anaerobic. Growth is observed with glucose in addition to a range of carbohydrates. The major end products of metabolism include acetate and succinate, but no butyrate is detected. The cell‐wall murein is based onmeso‐diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. No respiratory quinones are detected. Polar lipids include an aminophosphoglycolipid, an aminophospholipid, diphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipids, phospholipids, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylglycerol. The major long‐chain cellular fatty acid profile consists of a complex mixture of straight‐chain saturated, monounsaturated, andiso‐methyl‐branched acids. Member of the classClostridia, familyLachnospiraceae. Known habitats are feces of human and animals and human clinical sources.

DNA G + C content (mol%): Approximately 48.7 (HPLC); approximately 41 (WGS).

Type species:Robinsoniella peoriensisCotta, Whitehead, Falsen, Moore and Lawson 2009, 154VP.