bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Yield of sweet potato fertilized with cattle manure and biofertilizer
Authors: Oliveira Ademar P , Santos João F , Cavalcante Lourival F , Pereira Walter E , Santos Maria do Carmo CA , Oliveira Arnaldo Nonato P , Silva Natália V
Published: December 2010

In Northeastern Brazil, the sweet potato is cultivated in small farms, in a family farming systems, constituting themselves an alternative way for the generation of food, employment and income. This study aimed to assess the effect of cattle manure levels and biofertilizer concentrations on the sweet potato cultivar White Queen productivity. The experiment was carried out from March to September 2007 at the EMEPA Experimental Station in Lagoa Seca, Brazil. The experimental design was randomized blocks, in split split plot 6 x 4 x 2 + 1 scheme, with four replications. The plots consisted of cattle manure levels (0, 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 t ha-1), the subplot of biofertilizer concentrations (0, 15, 30 and 45%) and the sub subplots consisted of methods of biofertilizer application, to the soil or leaves. Also, there was an additional control treatment using N, P and K mineral fertilizer. Commercial and total root productivity was evaluated. The levels of 30.8 and 31.2 t ha-1 of cattle manure were responsible for the highest commercial and total sweet potato root productivity (17.4 and 13.1 t ha-1, respectively). Biofertilizer concentrations of 29 and 28%, applied to soil and to leaves provided, respectively, the greatest productivities of total roots (15.4 and 13.1 t ha-1), whereas concentrations of 30 and 27%, also applied to soil and leaves were responsible, respectively, for the highest commercial root productivity (11 and 9.7 t ha-1).
Economic analysis of the intercropping of lettuce and tomato in different seasons under protected cultivation
Authors: Cecílio Filho Arthur Bernardes , Rezende Bráulio Luciano A , Costa Caciana C
Published: December 2010

Lettuce and tomato are vegetables that can be grown in protected cultivation, under given conditions. Considering their expensive production systems, intercropping might be an excellent alternative to optimize costs. Four experiments were carried out at the São Paulo State University (UNESP), at Jaboticabal, Brazil, to study the economic viability of intercropping lettuce and tomato under protected cultivation. To set the intercropping, lettuce was transplanted 0, 10, 20, and 30 days after transplanting (DAT) tomato and vice-versa, in two seasons, namely April to September 2003 and January to June 2004, when monocultures of both vegetables were also carried out. At the first planting season, operational profits (OP) in intercropping (lettuce transplanted 0, 10, and 20 DAT tomato) were higher than in monocultures. At the first season, the return rates (RR) and OP were very much alike, whereas at the second season, RR in intercropping were lower than in monoculture. Transplanting tomato after lettuce, at both the first and second seasons, resulted in higher OP than those in monocultures. RR, OP and the profitability index (PI) were higher at the first than at the second season, independent of the growing system. RR in intercropping, independently of the intercropping schedule, were higher than in monoculture. In general, PI of tomato in monoculture and in intercropping were quite similar and both were higher than PI in the monoculture of lettuce. The economic indexes confirmed the agronomic viability (expressed by the index of area use efficiency) of transplanting lettuce and tomato simultaneously in both growing seasons; transplanting lettuce 10 and 20 DAT tomato, in the second season; and transplanting tomato after lettuce in all studied schedules. The economic indexes reached their peaks when tomato and lettuce were transplanted at the same day, in the first growing season (in average): OP of BRL$ 12,948.63 (US$ 4,273.48) in 614.4 m-2; RR of 6.7% and IP of 85%.
Espaço de enunciação fronteiriço e processos identitários
Authors: Sturza Eliana Rosa
Published: December 2010

A questão das línguas em contato nas zonas de fronteira do Brasil com Argentina e Uruguai tem sido tradicionalmente abordada a partir da descrição dos resultados de contatos entre os sistemas linguísticos do português e do espanhol, bem como das práticas linguísticas resultantes desses contatos. Propõe-se, neste trabalho, uma nova perspectiva de abordagem da questão, considerando o contato das línguas pelo seu modo de circulação na sociedade fronteiriça e pelo sentido que as línguas apresentam para os sujeitos fronteiriços como lugar de significação de sua identidade. Apresentam-se exemplos de funcionamento dos sentidos das línguas para os fronteiriços, em cenas enunciativas que se constituem em espaços de circulação das línguas nas zonas fronteiriças. O habitar e o viver entre línguas dos sujeitos fronteiriços são enunciados na língua da fronteira e significam um processo identitário particular.
Capacity of the mechanical harvesting process of sugar cane billets
Authors: Peloia Paulo Rodrigues , Milan Marcos , Romanelli Thiago Libório
Published: December 2010

The mechanized harvest of sugar cane (Saccharum officinarum L.) in Brazil is an irreversible trend and it comes with a great concern about the quality of the cane delivered to the industry. A key component to quality is the billet length which affects the processing of raw material, cane deterioration, invisible losses and load density of transport vehicles. Thus, due to the importance of the billet standard in quality and cost of raw material, this study aimed to evaluate if the mechanized harvesting of sugar cane can supply the quality requirements for the crushing process, regarding the billet length. A plot with burnt sugar cane (3.2 ha) and another one with green sugar cane (8.0 ha) were selected to be harvested by two (2) self-propelled sugar cane harvesters. For each harvested 0.4 ha a sample from each infield wagon was collected. The sample was composed by ten billets. The variability in burnt sugar cane was higher than in green sugar cane, and both harvesters did not present the capacity of keeping the billets with similar lengths when operating either in burnt or green conditions.
Symbiotic efficiency and genetic characteristics of Bradyrhizobium sp. strain UFSM LA 1.3 isolated from Lupinus albescens (H. et Arn)
Authors: Stroschein Marcos Roberto Dobler , Eltz Flávio Luiz Foletto , Antoniolli Zaida Inês , Lupatini Manoeli , Vargas Luciano Kaiser , Giongo Adriana , Pontelli Mateus Padoin
Published: December 2010

Legume species belonging to the genus Lupinus are annual herb plants. The majority of them are indigenous to the Americas. They are known for nitrogen-fixing symbioses with soil bacteria collectively called rhizobia. The aim of this study was to characterize a rhizobium strain isolated from Lupinus albescens using phenotypic, symbiotic and molecular approaches. Strain UFSM LA 1.3 was tested in vitro according to several parameters: colony size, color and growing rate; acid or alkaline reaction in yeast mannitol media supplemented with bromothymol blue; gum production. Molecular characterization was evaluated by PCR technique using primers BOX A1-R and sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rDNA intergenic region (ITS). ITS sequencing fragments showed genetic similarity with Bradyrhizobium sp. The polymorphism observed by BOX-PCR have shown that strain differs from the reference strain SEMIA 928 and SEMIA 938. The symbiotic efficiency under axenic conditions of UFSM LA 1.3 was 94.6%, without statistical differences compared to the mineral nitrogen fertilized control, to which was applied solution of 400 mg of ammonium nitrate.
Efeito de um novo acelerador de vulcanização nas propriedades reométricas de composições de borracha nitrílica com diferentes teores de AN
Authors: Oliveira Iara T. D. de , Pacheco Élen B. A. V. , Visconte Leila L. Y. , Oliveira Marcelo R. L. , Rubinger Mayura M. M.
Published: December 2010

O efeito do tipo de acelerador no processo de vulcanização de compostos de borracha nitrílica com dois teores de acrilonitrila foi investigado. Dois aceleradores comerciais, dissulfeto de 2,2'-dibenzotiazol (MBTS) e bis (dimetilditiocarbamato) de zinco (ZDMC), de grupos químicos diferentes, tiazol e ditiocarbamato, respectivamente, foram selecionados e comparados com o composto bis (4 metilfenilsulfonilditiocarbimato-)zincato (II) de tetrabutilamônio (ZNIBU). Os resultados mostram que o tipo de acelerador não só afeta as características de cura, como também tem grande influência nas propriedades físicas. Entre os aceleradores estudados, MBTS foi o menos adequado para a formulação utilizada. Surpreendentemente, verificou-se que o ZNIBU mostrou comportamento intermediário, sendo mais eficaz do que o MBTS e menos eficiente que o ZDMC, considerado um ultra-acelerador, em relação ao tempo ótimo de vulcanização.
Dermatófitos: interação patógeno-hospedeiro e resistência a antifúngicos
Authors: Peres Nalu Teixera de Aguiar , Maranhão Fernanda Cristina Albuquerque , Rossi Antonio , Martinez-Rossi Nilce Maria
Published: December 2010

As micoses cutâneas estão entre as infecções mais comuns em humanos e se tornaram um importante problema de saúde pública, principalmente por causarem infecções invasivas em pacientes imunodeprimidos. Durante a infecção, a interação dermatófito-hospedeiro desencadeia adaptações metabólicas específicas que permitem aos patógenos aderirem e penetrarem no tecido, remodelando seu metabolismo para captar nutrientes e superar os mecanismos de defesa do hospedeiro. Esse remodelamento metabólico e a inter-relação entre metabolismo, morfogênese e resposta ao estresse são importantes fatores que estão sendo intensamente avaliados em diversos patógenos. As células do hospedeiro também respondem aos estímulos do patógeno, ativando vias de sinalização intracelular que culminam no desencadeamento de uma resposta imune contra o agente infeccioso. O entendimento molecular dessas respostas metabólicas pode ajudar no estabelecimento de novas estratégias terapêuticas. Nesta revisão, são abordados diferentes aspectos da biologia dos dermatófitos, com ênfase na interação dermatófito-hospedeiro e nos mecanismos de resistência a antifúngicos.
Síndrome do nevo de Becker: relato de caso
Authors: Baeta Isabela Guimarães Ribeiro , Viotti Carla Vilela , Pereira Ana Carolina Figueiredo , Costa Júnior Sérgio Rodrigues da , Bittencourt Flávia Vasques
Published: December 2010

O nevo de Becker se manifesta como uma mácula hipercrômica, localizada predominantemente no tronco anterior ou região escapular, e frequentemente associada à hipertricose. A coexistência do nevo de Becker e anormalidades cutâneas, músculo-esqueléticas ou maxilo-faciais corresponde à síndrome do nevo de Becker. Relata-se o caso de uma paciente de 16 anos, portadora desde os sete anos de mácula hipercrômica, localizada no tronco ântero-lateral direito, estendendo-se até a face medial da coxa direita, acompanhada de hipoplasia mamária ipsilateral. O exame anatomopatológico confirmou a hipótese clínica de nevo de Becker.
Pistas dermatoscópicas para diferenciar a tricotilomania da alopecia areata em placa
Authors: Abraham Leonardo Spagnol , Torres Fernanda Nogueira , Azulay-Abulafia Luna
Published: December 2010

INTRODUÇÃO: Tricotilomania e alopecia areata em placa possuem características clínicas e dermatoscópicas semelhantes. OBSERVAÇÕES: O exame dermatoscópico da tricotilomania revela densidade capilar diminuída, cabelos fraturados em diferentes tamanhos, enovelados e vellus, tricoptilose, pontos amarelos com ou sem pontos pretos e ausência de cabelos em "ponto de exclamação". CONCLUSÃO: No contexto de alopecia em placa e cabelos fraturados, a ausência de "pontos de exclamação" sugere o diagnóstico de tricotilomania. Por outro lado, o achado de pontos amarelos sem pontos pretos não afasta o mesmo.
Caso para diagnóstico
Authors: Gon Airton dos Santos , Minelli Lorivaldo , Franzon Paula Guiomar Ubirajara
Published: December 2010

Nevo epidérmico verrucoso inflamatório linear (Nevil) é uma variante do nevo epidérmico verrucoso que acomete mais comumente o sexo feminino. Clinicamente, é caracterizado por fenômenos inflamatórios recorrentes, conferindo aspecto de dermatite eczematosa crônica ou psoriasiforme, frequentemente unilateral, com prurido intenso, de aparecimento desde o nascimento e de difícil tratamento.
Imunopatogênese da psoríase
Authors: Sanchez Ana Paula Galli
Published: December 2010

A psoríase é doença inflamatória comum, afetando cerca de 1% da população brasileira. Os linfócito T auxiliares (Th17 e Th1) estão envolvidos na imunopatogênese da psoríase. Neste artigo é discutida a interação entre a imunidade inata (especialmente células dendríticas e queratinócitos) e adquirida (linfócitos T) na patogênese da psoríase.
Violência institucional em maternidades públicas sob a ótica das usuárias
Authors: Aguiar Janaína Marques de , d'Oliveira Ana Flávia Pires Lucas
Published: December 2010

Este artigo apresenta e discute os dados de uma pesquisa sobre violência institucional em maternidades públicas, realizada no município de São Paulo. Foram entrevistadas 21 puérperas, com roteiro semiestruturado contando com questões sobre experiências de parto e assistência recebida. Os dados revelaram que as entrevistadas relatam e reconhecem práticas discriminatórias e tratamento grosseiro no âmbito da assistência em maternidades públicas, reagindo com estratégias de resistência ou de acomodação. Essas experiências ocorrem com tal frequência que muitas parturientes já esperam sofrer algum tipo de maltrato, o que revela uma banalização da violência institucional.
Momentos do parque em uma rotina de educação infantil: corpo, consumo, barbárie
Authors: Richter Ana Cristina , Vaz Alexandre Fernandez
Published: December 2010

O trabalho resulta de uma pesquisa de abordagem etnográfica realizada em uma creche da Rede Pública de Ensino de Florianópolis (SC). Os dados foram analisados considerando-se o "tempo didático" - recomendado pela legislação -, estruturado por uma rotina constituída por diferentes momentos: entrada, higiene, alimentação, sono, parque, atividade orientada, saída. Inspirado por tópicas da Teoria Crítica da Sociedade, o texto aborda os momentos de parque, declarados como "ocasiões privilegiadas de educação", tanto nos discursos das professoras, quanto nas ações que distinguem esses momentos dos demais, estabelecendo uma certa contraposição entre "tempo de trabalho" e "tempo livre". Nessa relação, além de configurarem-se como períodos de renovação das energias para as demais atividades, esses momentos acabam por escusar um acompanhamento mais atento por parte dos professores: o olhar adulto "precisará" apenas afastar as crianças de locais inconvenientes ou evitar feridas "expostas", conformando um conjunto de práticas sociossanitárias centradas nas necessidades vitais e que contribuem na eliminação de desvios e diferenças, na garantia de pseudogratificações. A ausência de uma aproximação mais atenta também colocará as crianças entregues a uma ambígua "espontaneidade", sujeitas à violência que acaba por produzir cicatrizes que se colocam, principalmente, sobre o corpo, fomentando uma educação que, ao invés de se contrapor à barbárie, a privilegia. Os resultados revelam ainda a presença de produtos para o consumo do lazer que informam, de antemão, a sequência de operações a reproduzir, exigindo gestos e ações automatizadas que preceituam a aridez da imaginação.
Hannah Arendt: pensar a crise da educação no mundo contemporâneo
Authors: César Maria Rita de Assis , Duarte André
Published: December 2010

Dividido em três etapas complementares, o presente artigo discute a reflexão de Hannah Arendt sobre a crise da educação no mundo contemporâneo. Na primeira parte se estabelecem algumas conexões teóricas gerais entre as teses de Arendt a respeito da crise da educação e sua reflexão filosófico-política sobre a crise política da modernidade. Na segunda parte do texto, discute-se a hipótese arendtiana de que a crise da educação também está relacionada à introdução de abordagens educacionais de caráter psicopedagógico, as quais, em vez contribuir para educar os jovens para a responsabilidade pelo mundo e para a ação política, os mantêm numa condição infantilizada que se estende até a idade adulta, trazendo, em consequência, novos problemas políticos. Finalmente, na terceira parte do texto, propõe-se a hipótese de que uma das principais contribuições do pensamento arendtiano para pensar a crise contemporânea da educação se encontra em sua interessante discussão do binômio "crítica" e "crise", o qual põe em questão o binômio tradicional "crise/reforma". Arendt, assim como Foucault e Deleuze, nos ensina que crítica e crise são fenômenos modernos indissociáveis e nos convida a enxergar a crise como momento privilegiado para o exercício da atividade da crítica. Para Arendt, a crise na educação deve ser entendida como oportunidade crucial para reflexões críticas a respeito do próprio processo educativo.
Growth curve of free-ranging Trichechus inunguis
Authors: Vergara-Parente Jociery Einhardt , Parente Cristiano Leite , Marmontel Miriam , Silva Jean Carlos Ramos , Sá Fabrício Bezerra
Published: December 2010

The objective of this work was to describe growth curves for free-ranging Amazonian manatees in Brazil. Data analyzed included age estimates and biometrics from 60 Amazonian manatees (33 males and 27 females) captured between 1993 and 2006 by local residents of the mid-Solimões and Pirativa Rivers, in Amazonia, and collected by the Instituto de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá and Centro Nacional de Conservação e Manejo de Mamíferos Aquáticos/ICMBio. The non-linear mathematical model used to analyze the data was the von Bertalanffy's equation; two growth curves were calculated, one for males L(t)male = 299.4[1-e-0.0897507(t+6.55696)], and one for females L(t)female = 256.1[1-e-0.23731(t+ 3.01921)]. Based on these equations, length at birth for the Amazonian manatee is estimated at 133.2 cm (average = 113.0 cm; SD = 34.4 cm) for males, and 131.0 cm (average = 124.7 cm; SD = 22.0 cm) for females. Among the males, the annual growth rate was 0.09 cm (95% CI: ± 0.002), with a maximum length of 299.4 cm (95% CI: ± 2.039), while females presented a growth rate of 0.24 cm per year (95% CI: ± 0.004), reaching up to 256.1 cm (95% CI: ± 0.4832) of total length. Even though von Bertalanffy's equation is not commonly used for sirenians, and considering that when previously applied it did not obtain satisfactory results, in this study it proved adequate for the establishment of the growth curve for free-ranging Amazonian manatees.
Diversity and changes in the horizontal distribution of crustaceans and rotifers in an episodic wetland of the central region of Argentina
Authors: Echaniz Santiago Andrés , Vignatti Alicia María
Published: December 2010

Although episodic wetlands are very frequent environments in Argentina, the knowledge about their ecology is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the diversity and changes in the horizontal distribution of crustaceans and rotifers in the episodic wetland El Guanaco, Province of La Pampa, Argentina, during the hydroperiod that took place between December 2003 and March 2004. After three years during which it was dry, torrential rains made it reach a depth of 0.42 m. After 48 hours, ovigerous females and males of Metacyclops mendocinus (Wierzejeski 1892), juveniles of Moina wierzejskii (Richard 1895), and larvae of Triops longicaudatus (LeConte 1846) were recorded. The conductivity was reduced, the ionic content was dominated by bicarbonates and sodium and the concentrations of nutrients were high. The samplings were carried out in three stations, which at first were in open waters. The stations presented a homogeneous horizontal distribution of microcrustaceans and rotifers, with a predominance of limnetic species. Later, two of the stations were surrounded by Eleocharis macrostachya Britton plants, which allowed us to determine changes in the taxonomic composition and the appearance of species associated with the presence of vegetation. We recorded 35 taxa, being Moina micrura Kurz 1874 constantly present and highest in numbers. Among rotifers, the genus Brachionus was the predominant one. The species richness was higher in the station which was covered by E. macrostachya plants. After a period of high temperatures, we observed that the richness and abundance of microcrustaceans decreased, whereas those of rotifers increased.
Extension of the geographical distribution of two anuran species for Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, with comments on natural history
Authors: Caldart Vinícius Matheus , Iop Samanta , Santos Tiago Gomes dos , Cechin Sonia Zanini
Published: December 2010

We record for the first time Crossodactylus schmidti (Anura: Hylodidae) and Proceratophrys avelinoi (Anura: Cycloramphidae) from Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, based on individuals captured in an area of Mesophytic Semideciduous Forest, the Parque Estadual do Turvo, located in the northwest region of the state. These records extend the geographical range for both species in about 60 km from the nearest known locality, the Municipality of San Vicente, Misiones, Argentina. We provide a characterization of the calling site used by males of Crossodactylus schmidti, and we also determined the niche breadth of P. avelinoi regarding to the use of water bodies.
Biology and population features of a rare species of Pseudopimelodidae from the Upper Paraná River Basin
Authors: Esguícero André Luiz Henríques , Arcifa Marlene Sofia
Published: December 2010

Streams contain an expressive fraction of the South American fish diversity, mostly composed of small-sized, endemic, and rare species. Populational, reproductive, and diet aspects of Microglanis garavelloi were studied, aiming to make a wide characterization of this species of bumblebee catfish. This is an endemic species of the Upper Paraná River Basin, and the only representative of the genus in the watershed. It is a littoral-dweller of small rivers, with asymptotic length of 34.1 mm and a population mostly composed of individuals with 20-30 mm of standard length. This species presents high fecundity and mortality rate, and low longevity and growth rate. It is a total spawner, October to February being the spawning period, and probably has brood care behavior, as has been already observed for some Heptapteridae species. The species can be considered an active predator, probably presenting benthic life like most siluriforms, having a diet uniquely composed of aquatic insect larvae. This species occurs as small populations patchily distributed in the Upper Paraná River Basin. This population characteristic, combined with the progressive environmental degradation of its habitats, points to a situation of constant threat that could lead to an irreversible extinction process.
Composição florística e fitofisionomia de remanescentes disjuntos de Cerrado nos Campos Gerais, PR, Brasil - limite austral do bioma
Authors: Ritter Lia Maris Orth , Ribeiro Milton Cezar , Moro Rosemeri Segecin
Published: December 2010

O cerrado possui seu limite austral de ocorrência nos Campos Gerais do Paraná onde, na forma de pequenos fragmentos disjuntos, tem grande afinidade com as formações savânicas de São Paulo e do Planalto Central do Brasil. Encontra-se, na sua maior parte, em propriedades particulares, sob forte pressão da agropecuária, tendo sido até então pouco estudado. Foram realizadas análises florísticas e fitofisionômicas de 30 remanescentes de cerrado em seis municípios, com determinação de um total de 1.782 táxons. Asteraceae foi a família com maior riqueza de espécies (256), seguida por Fabaceae (207), Poaceae (183), Myrtaceae (72) e Melastomataceae (54). Encontrou-se um gradiente latitudinal e geomorfológico na distribuição das fisionomias: cerrado stricto sensu (50%) e cerradão (13%) distribuem-se nos planaltos areníticos ao norte da região; enquanto cerrado rupestre (17%) e campo sujo com fácies de cerrado (20%) estão mais representados nas porções meridionais, nos relevos escarpados dos vales dos rios. Os remanescentes mostraram similaridade florística com áreas core do Bioma e podem ser consideradas áreas marginais da amplitude geográfica de muitos táxons, compartilhando espécies típicas, características da Província Sulina. Portanto, estas áreas campestres seriam melhor classificadas como savanas do que como estepes. A fitocenose mais austral em Ponta Grossa, com alta riqueza de espécies, encontra-se isolada biogeograficamente dos demais elementos do Bioma, constituindo um possível centro de endemismo.
Inspired by infrastructure
Authors: Stacey D. B.
Published: December 2010

Although illustrations of civil engineering works were not unknown during the latter part of the eighteenth century, artists of the period were not convinced that there was a place for them on gallery walls among the traditional subjects that appealed to their patrons. Industrial development in Britain at the turn of the century relied on a number of key industries, all of which depended heavily on a reliable transport infrastructure. As new materials and design features were adopted and the impact of the industrial revolution on the landscape became evident, the response of a few artists to contemporary developments changed. Some major British artists found inspiration in the new infrastructure and industrial development, and some fine paintings emerged depicting structures designed by, among others, Thomas Telford (1757–1834), John Rennie (1761–1821) and Sir Samuel Brown (1776–1852). Works by two of Britain's greatest landscape painters, Joseph Mallord William Turner (1775–1851) and John Constable (1776–1837) and some of their contemporaries are discussed in relation to the structures that inspired them.
Acquisition of L2 English morphology
Authors: Zhang Yanyin , Widyastuti Ima
Published: December 2010

This study investigates the status of morphology in the L2 English of three members of a family from Indonesia (parents and their 5-year-old daughter) who have lived, studied or worked in Australia for a year. The investigation is contextualized against various learning settings in which the informants have learned English: formal instruction in the foreign language environment, naturalistic learning in the target language setting, and a mixture of formal and naturalistic learning in the target language environment. Following the developmental hierarchy for English morphology (Pienemann, 2005; Bettoni and Di Biase, forthcoming) and analytical procedures in Processability Theory (Pienemann, 1998, 2005), we found the informants were at different stages of L2 English morphology, with the father being the most advanced and the daughter the least. We also found a systematic developmental profile of each informant in line with the developmental hierarchy for English morphology. Both findings are discussed with reference to the developmental sequences and the role of learning settings in SLA.
Drag reduction of dense fine-grained slurries
Authors: Vlasak Pavel , Chara Zdenek , Stern Petr
Published: December 2010

Drag reduction of dense fine-grained slurries

Attractive and repulsive forces acting in the slurry due to different ions absorbed on surface of fine particles, especially colloidal ones, strongly affect the flow behaviour of highly concentrated fine-grained slurries. The attractive forces between the fine-grained solid particles initiate the coagulation process, which gives rise to voluminous aggregates where a large amount of water is fixed. A modification of the physical-chemical environment of the slurry by addition of a peptizing agent produces repulsive forces between particles. They result in destruction of the aggregates, water originally fixed in the aggregates is liberated, the viscous friction can play a larger role in the slurry, which is liquefied. To prove these process three different kaolin-water mixtures were tested with an overpressure capillary viscometer, rotational viscometer, and experimental pipeline loop. The effect of two peptizing agents and their concentration was investigated. It was demonstrated that even very low concentration of peptizing agent results in a significant reduction in the apparent viscosity and in the yield stress.
Effect of Various Feed Phosphates on Biochemical Indices of Blood and Mineral Composition of Bones in Finishing Pigs
Authors: Dobrzański Zbigniew , Pogoda-Sewerniak Krystyna , Dragan Szymon , Korniewicz Daniel , Hoffmann Krystyna , Korniewicz Adolf
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of three different chemical feed phosphates on the blood biochemical indicators and the content of main minerals of bones in finishing pigs. Over a period of 85 days of fattening, monocalcium (MCP, Finnish product), dicalcium (DCP, Polish product) and calcium-sodium (CSP, Russian product) phosphates were used in fattener feeding. The feeding was based on standard mixtures of starter, grower and finisher type. Dicalcium phosphate was produced according to the new, pro-ecological technology based on phosphoric acid. The content of Ca, Na, P, solubility of P in citric acid, and the concentration of undesirable substances (As, Cd, F, Hg and Pb) were determined in feed phosphates. At the end of the fattening period, blood was collected from 36 finishing pigs (12 from each group) and the following biochemical indicators were determined in the serum: enzymatic activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), γ-glutamyltransferase (GGT), creatine kinase (CK), lactic dehydrogenase (LDH), lactic acid (LA); the concentration of total protein, albumins, glucose, urea, creatinine, content of triglycerides, cholesterol and its high density lipoproteins (HDL) and low density lipoproteins (LDL) fractions, and mineral components concentration (Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Na, P, Zn). Basic macroelement content (Ca, Mg, P) was determined in the thigh bones from 30 pigs (10 from each group). Significant differences (p < 0.05) between groups were observed only in some biochemical indicators, i.e. CK, LDH and LA. The highest content of Ca, Mg and P was found in the bones of pigs fed mixtures supplemented with DCP which indicates improved bioavailability of main macroelements from that phosphate.
An Assay in Microtitre Plates for Absolute Abundance of Chicken Interferon Alpha Transcripts
Authors: Kujundžić Renata Novak , Ragland William Lauman
Published: December 2010

Immunosuppression of commercial chickens is a serious animal health and economic problem in the poultry industry. The major causes of the immunosuppression are viruses that suppress transcription of interferon genes, especially interferon alpha. There is a need for monitoring immunosuppression in commercially bred chickens. For this purpose, the absolute abundance of interferon alpha transcripts can be measured in blood of chickens by a suitable assay. Such an assay was used to estimate abundance of chicken interferon alpha in a sample of splenic cells induced with polyinosinic polycytidylic acid. The abundance measured was 29 ± 2 attomoles/µg total RNA. This assay can be performed in microtitre plates using samples collected from chickens in poultry houses.
Modulation of Tularemia Disease Progress by the Bisquaternary Pyridinium Oxime HI-6
Authors: Pohanka Miroslav , Pavliš Oto , Pikula Jiří , Treml František , Kuca Kamil
Published: December 2010

Cholinesterase reactivator HI-6 is a drug commonly used to treat individuals exposed to nerve agents. Recent experiments proved HI-6 impact on parasympathetic response and impact on the nervus vagus associated cholinergic anti-inflammatory pathway is hypothesized here. The modulation effect of HI-6 was studied on BALB/c mice infected with Francisella tularensis, the bacteria causing tularemia. Cultivation test in vitro confirmed weak bacteriostatic effects of HI-6. Results in experiments revealed intriguing effect differences resulting from HI-6 administration to mice. While the HI-6 dose of 7 mg per animal (pro toto) had no significant effects on infection progress, lower dose of 8 μg of HI-6 pro toto reduced mice mortality caused by tularemia infection compared to control group of mice infected only with F. tularensis (survival curves were compared by the logrank test, chi square = 4.335, df = 1, P = 0.0373). The effect observed in mice exceeded the effect provided in vitro on bacterial cultures. Though the exact molecular mechanism of HI-6 modulation during infection should be investigated, HI-6 is seems to be suitable as immunomodulans.
Gene Expression of the Endothelin-1 in Vasospastic Flap Pedicle – an Experimental Study on a Porcine Model
Authors: Hýža Petr , Streit Libor , Gopfert Eduard , Schwarz Daniel , Masařík Michal , Jurajda Michal , Vašků Anna , Veselý Jiří
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to evaluate the amount of Endothelin-1 (ET-1) gene expression in the vasospastic vessel of the flap pedicle to prove or disprove the role of ET-1 gene expression in pathogenesis of mechanically induced vasospasm. The vasospasm was induced by the tension on the pedicle of the pedicled caudal superficial epigastric flap on 8 pigs. Laser Doppler was used for peripheral blood flow measurement. Specimens from the vasospastic vessel (group of specimens B) and from the flap border with no vasospasm (control group A) were taken 2 h after the stimulus initiation. Detection of ET-1 mRNA by Quantitative Real-Time RT-PCR was performed. β-actin was selected as an acceptable reference gene. Relative gene expression data were given as the n-fold change in transcription of target genes normalized to the endogenous control. Relative gene expressions and time indicators of vasospasm were compared in both groups. No significant difference of the ET-1 gene expressions was found between groups A and B (p = 0.505). No correlation between the duration of vasospasm and ET-1 gene expression was found as well (p = 0.299). In conclusion, the expression of the ET-1 gene in the mechanically induced vasospastic vessel of the pedicled flap was not significantly increased. In this study, the causality of the vasospasm pathogenesis and gene expression of ET-1 was not proven.
Gelatinases in Boar Seminal Plasma and Their Relation to Semen Indicators
Authors: Pipan Maja Zakošek , Kosec Marjan , Mrkun Janko , Zrimšek Petra
Published: December 2010

Matrix metalloproteinases were detected in reproductive tissues and seminal plasma of various animal species. The aim of this study was to determine for the first time the presence of gelatinases and metalloproteases in boar seminal plasma and to correlate the results with semen indicators. Gelatin zymography was used for simultaneous identification and measurement of gelatinase enzyme activity associated with their molecular weights.Several gelatinase forms were identified in seminal plasma of boars. Those that were stimulated by CaCl2and inhibited by EDTA and phenanthroline were considered as metalloproteases. Negative correlation between semen indicators (sperm index, sperm concentration and concentration of progressive motile sperm) and the concentrations of metalloprotease at 78 kDa and 66 kDa means that higher values of semen indicators correlate with lower concentrations of these metaloproteases in seminal plasma. Gelatinases with molecular weight of 225, 78 and 66 kDa correlated with higher levels of acrosome damage. Samples with sperm index above 110 M/ml contained gelatinases of significantly lower band intensities at 78 and 66 kDa compared to samples with SI less than 110 M/ml. Bands with 225, 78 and 66 kDa are suggested to belong to a dimer of MMP-9, proMMP-2 and mature MMP-2.
Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Pancreatic Carcinoma
Authors: Maier Harald J. , Wirth Thomas , Beug Hartmut
Published: December 2010

Pancreatic carcinoma is the fourth-leading cause of cancer death and is characterized by early invasion and metastasis. The developmental program of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is of potential importance for this rapid tumor progression. During EMT, tumor cells lose their epithelial characteristics and gain properties of mesenchymal cells, such as enhanced motility and invasive features. This review will discuss recent findings pertinent to EMT in pancreatic carcinoma. Evidence for and molecular characteristics of EMT in pancreatic carcinoma will be outlined, as well as the connection of EMT to related topics, e.g., cancer stem cells and drug resistance.
Morphologies, Preparations and Applications of Layered Double Hydroxide Micro-/Nanostructures
Authors: Kuang Ye , Zhao Lina , Zhang Shuai , Zhang Fazhi , Dong Mingdong , Xu Sailong
Published: December 2010

Layered double hydroxides (LDHs), also well-known as hydrotalcite-like layered clays, have been widely investigated in the fields of catalysts and catalyst support, anion exchanger, electrical and optical functional materials, flame retardants and nanoadditives. This feature article focuses on the progress in micro-/nanostructured LDHs in terms of morphology, and also on the preparations, applications, and perspectives of the LDHs with different morphologies.
Synthesis and Antiviral Activity of 5‑(4‑Chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-Thiadiazole Sulfonamides
Authors: Chen Zhuo , Xu Weiming , Liu Keming , Yang Song , Fan Huitao , Bhadury Pinaki S. , Huang De-Yu , Zhang Yuping
Published: December 2010

Starting from 4-chlorobenzoic acid, 10 new 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-substituted-N-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-sulfonamide derivatives were synthesized in six-steps. Esterification of 4-chlorobenzoic acid with methanol and subsequent hydrazination, salt formation and cyclization afforded 5-(4-chlorophen-yl)-1,3,4-thiadiazole-2-thiol (5). Conversion of this intermediate into sulfonyl chloride 6, followed by nucleophilic attack of the amines gave the title sulfonamides 7a-7j whose structures were confirmed by NMR, IR and elemental analysis. The bioassay tests showed that compounds 7b and 7i possessed certain anti-tobacco mosaic virus activity.
Biosynthesis of Anthocyanins and Their Regulation in Colored Grapes
Authors: He Fei , Mu Lin , Yan Guo-Liang , Liang Na-Na , Pan Qiu-Hong , Wang Jun , Reeves Malcolm J. , Duan Chang-Qing
Published: December 2010

Anthocyanins, synthesized via the flavonoid pathway, are a class of crucial phenolic compounds which are fundamentally responsible for the red color of grapes and wines. As the most important natural colorants in grapes and their products, anthocyanins are also widely studied for their numerous beneficial effects on human health. In recent years, the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins in grapes has been thoroughly investigated. Their intracellular transportation and accumulation have also been further clarified. Additionally, the genetic mechanism regulating their biosynthesis and the phytohormone influences on them are better understood. Furthermore, due to their importance in the quality of wine grapes, the effects of the environmental factors and viticulture practices on anthocyanin accumulation are being investigated increasingly. The present paper summarizes both the basic information and the most recent advances in the study of the anthocyanin biosynthesis in red grapes, emphasizing their gene structure, the transcriptional factors and the diverse exterior regulation factors.
Low-temperature solution growth of ZnO nanotube arrays
Authors: Chae Ki-Woong , Zhang Qifeng , Kim Jeong Seog , Jeong Yoon-Ha , Cao Guozhong
Published: December 2010

Single crystal ZnO nanotube arrays were synthesized at low temperature in an aqueous solution containing zinc nitrate and hexamethylenetetramine. It was found that the pH value of the reaction solution played an important role in mediating the growth of ZnO nanostructures. A change in the growth temperature might change the pH value of the solution and bring about the structure conversion of ZnO from nanorods to nanotubes. It was proposed that the ZnO nanorods were initially formed while the reaction solution was at a relatively high temperature (~90 °C) and therefore enriched with colloidal Zn(OH)2, which allowed a fast growth of ZnO nanocrystals along the [001] orientation to form nanorods. A decrease in the reaction temperature yielded a supersaturated solution, resulting in an increase in the concentration of OH− ions as well as the pH value of the solution. Colloidal Zn(OH)2 in the supersaturated solution trended to precipitate. However, because of a slow diffusion process in view of the low temperature and low concentration of the colloidal Zn(OH)2, the growth of the (001) plane of ZnO nanorods was limited and only occurred at the edge of the nanorods, eventually leading to the formation of a nanotube shape. In addition, it was demonstrated that the pH might impact the surface energy difference between the polar and non-polar faces of the ZnO crystal. Such a surface energy difference became small at high pH and hereby the prioritized growth of ZnO crystal along the [001] orientation was suppressed, facilitating the formation of nanotubes. This paper demonstrates a new strategy for the fabrication of ZnO nanotubes on a large scale and presents a more comprehensive understanding of the growth of tube-shaped ZnO in aqueous solution at low temperature.
Unboosted atazanavir-based therapy maintains control of HIV type-1 replication as effectively as a ritonavir-boosted regimen
Authors: Ghosn Jade , Carosi Giampiero , Moreno Santiago , Pokrovsky Vadim , Lazzarin Adriano , Pialoux Gilles , Sanz-Moreno Jose , Balogh Agnes , Vandeloise Eric , Biguenet Sophie , Leleu Ghislaine , Delfraissy Jean-Francois
Published: December 2010

Background

Triple combination therapy based on a ritonavir (RTV)-boosted protease inhibitor plus two nucleoside/nucleotide reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) has improved outcomes in HIV type-1 (HIV-1)-infected patients. For patients unable to tolerate these regimens, alternative therapeutic approaches are needed.

Methods

We report a comparative, open-label study in treatment-naive patients who underwent initial induction treatment with a triple combination including RTV-boosted atazanavir (ATV; 300/100 mg once daily). Patients who achieved an HIV-1 viral load <50 copies/ml after the induction period were then randomized in the maintenance phase either to continue on current treatment or to switch to unboosted ATV 400 mg once daily (plus two NRTIs unchanged).

Results

A total of 252 patients entered the induction phase, of whom 172 were eligible for randomization in the maintenance phase (ATV/RTV n=85 and ATV n=87). The unboosted ATV regimen demonstrated non-inferior efficacy to the ATV/RTV regimen with 78% and 75% of patients, respectively, maintaining virological suppression (HIV-1 RNA <50 copies/ml) up to week 48 after randomization (difference estimate 2.9, 95% confidence interval -9.8–15.5). Time to virological failure and change from the end of the induction phase in mean CD4+ T-cell counts were also similar between the treatment arms. Although both regimens were well-tolerated, unboosted ATV was associated with fewer adverse events, fewer total bilirubin abnormalities and an improved lipid profile compared with ATV/RTV.

Conclusions

An HIV-1 combined treatment regimen based on unboosted ATV is a feasible treatment option for patients with established virological control who are unable to tolerate triple combination therapy including ATV/RTV.
Aux sources de la R&D : genèse des théories de la conception réglée en Allemagne (1840-1960)
Authors: Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoît
Published: December 2010

Résumé Cet article étudie les sources allemandes de la conception systématique à trois périodes charnières (1850, 1900 et 1950). Il montre que la conception systématique qui apparaît si intuitive et naturelle aujourd’hui résulte de décennies de travaux d’enseignants et d’industriels pour s’extraire des intuitions trompeuses et des effets de fixation propres aux objets inconnus. Ces théories correspondent à des efforts de rationalisation de l’activité de conception à des périodes historiques bien précises (rattrapage industriel par l’Allemagne de la première révolution industrielle ; accompagnement de la seconde révolution industrielle ; rationalisation du travail d’esprit dans la RDA d’après-guerre). Alors que les sciences de l’ingénieur modélisent les objets existants, guident le raisonnement sur des objets encore inconnus à l’aide des objets connus. ces formalismes ne cherchent pas l’innovation singulière mais l’efficacité des capacités de conception. ils peuvent s’évaluer en fonction de la variété des situations de conception qu’ils couvrent (pouvoir génératif) et des capacités qu’ils exigent de leurs utilisateurs (pouvoir conjonctif). La conception systématique apparaît comme le formalisme ayant historiquement un pouvoir génératif et un pouvoir conjonctif particulierement forts.
La conception innovante comme mode d'extension et de régénération de la conception réglée : les expériences oubliées aux origines des Bureaux d'études
Authors: Le Masson Pascal , Weil Benoît
Published: December 2010

Résumé Les bureaux d’études sont aujourd’hui l’objet de nombreuses critiques pour leur faible capacité à innover et à gérer le renouvellement des objets qu’ils conçoivent et des compétences associées. Pourtant l’examen de la genèse au XIX e siècle des premiers bureaux d’études fait apparaître des capacités de conception plus riches. À côté de la conception réglée il s’y déployait des formes originales de conception innovante qui assuraient la régénération régulière des règles, et qui étendaient l’espace des conceptions atteignables en augmentant la valeur ou en ouvrant de nouvelles lignées de produits. Deux exemples tirés de l’histoire de Gustave Eiffel et de son bureau d’études mettent en évidence cette forme originale de conception innovante, son lien avec la conception réglée et sa performance. Ces exemples ouvrent des pistes de réflexion pour penser la dynamique des bureaux d’études aujourd’hui.
SPIE : de l'entreprise multidisciplinaire à l'ingénierie de haute technologie
Authors: Barjot Dominique , Park Rang-Ri
Published: December 2010

Résumé Avec ses quelque 3000 salariés, SPIE constitue aujourd’hui l’un des plus grands groupes européens de services et d’ingénierie associés à la construction. Dirigé par ses salariés avec le soutien de PAI Partners, il est le produit des heurs et malheurs d’un major du BTP français : SPIE Batignolles. Longtemps fer de lance du groupe Empain-Schneider, SPIE Batignolles est victime d’une grave crise financière au tournant des années 1990, se rend indépendant grâce à un Rachat d’entreprises par ses salariés (RES), passe un temps dans le giron du groupe britannique Amec, mais ne tarde pas à s’en libérer, suite aux difficultés de ce dernier, tout en abandonnant à une nouvelle société SPIE Batignolles, devenue elle aussi indépendante, son activité BTP. SPIE réalise ainsi en France une synthèse entre la grande corporation spécialisée dans l’ingénierie (type Bechtel ou Fluor) et la compagnie de facility management à la britannique.