bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Disadvantageous phthalates from production waste as the basis for the synthesis of plasticizer-antipyrin
Authors: Plotnikova R. N.
Published: May 2022

The possibility of using unsaturated phthalates obtained by the esterification of phthalic anhydride with distillation residues of butyl alcohols as a basis for the synthesis of a bromine-containing plasticizer-fire retardant was evaluated. prene, polyvinyl chloride, and polyvinyl acetate. Instability of the content of unsaturated esters of phthalic acid in the test object was noted with the most probable range of fluctuations in iodine number, ranging from 24.4 to 44.4. A direct dependence of the indicated variation limits on the content of 2-ethylhexene-3-ol-1 in the distillation residue of butanol in the amount of 9.0-17.5% and 2-ethylhexen-2-ol in the amount of 35-43% was established. The ratio of unsaturated esters of 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexene-3-phthalate and 2-ethylhexyl-2-ethylhexene-2-phthalate in an unsaturated plasticizer is 1: 2 ÷ 5. It has been shown that with a shortage in production of a brominated plasticizer with a low bromine content, its required amount can be obtained by diluting a brominated plasticizer with a high bromine content. Dioctyl phthalate and the investigated unsaturated plasticizer were proposed as diluents. It is noted that with incomplete bromination of an unsaturated base, unsaturated esters do not adversely affect the quality of the compositions, make the bromine-containing system more reactive, which leads to additional crosslinking of polymer molecules and an increase in the strength of the composition. It is shown that the modification of an unsaturated plasticizer by bromination will make it possible to obtain a triple effect of inhibition of the combustion process due to the elimination of hydrogen bromide from brominated ethers, an increase in the duration of its elimination and the ability of unsaturated ethers to react with active radicals released during thermal decomposition and combustion of polymer compositions.
Methodology for solving the problem of wastewater treatment of dairy processing enterprises
Authors: Mamai D. S. , Babenyshev S. P. , Mamai A. V. , Ivanets V. A. , Khokha D. S.
Published: May 2022

In Russia, as well as all over the world, one of the most acute problems is the protection of natural water resources from sewage contamination of food, especially dairy processing enterprises. However, despite the fact that restrictions, fines and suspension of their activities have been established at the legislative level for exceeding the established standards for the discharge of pollutants into reservoirs, they continue to cause more and more significant harm to the environment. The main objective reason for this phenomenon should be attributed to the lack of an effective technology for cleaning complex in composition, with changing even during the day physico-chemical properties of effluents of milk processing enterprises. The purpose of the study was to develop the concept of deep processing of secondary dairy raw materials for subsequent use in industrial production. The paper presents an analysis of the basic structure of the modern technology of wastewater treatment of dairy processing enterprises at factory treatment facilities and suggests the basic principles of processing secondary dairy raw materials. The analysis of the presented data shows that modern methods of wastewater treatment used in most dairy plants do not meet the standards. Following the proposed principles will ensure favorable conditions for the release of lactose from secondary dairy raw materials at subsequent stages of its deep processing. One or another combination of these processes primarily depends on the cost of technologies and the equipment necessary for their implementation, the volume of raw materials, the required depth of its processing, as well as the market price of finished products.
The development of optimal conditions for the synthesis of the nitrile-butadiene rubbers with enhanced frost resistance
Authors: Papkov V. N. , Yuriev A. N. , Skachkov A. M. , Rodnyansky D. A. , Schelushkina N. I.
Published: May 2022

Currently, there are high requirements for finished rubber products, in particular, for products that are operated in the Far North. The purpose of this work is to determine the optimal conditions for the production of nitrile butadiene rubbers, which provide an increase in the frost resistance of materials based on them while maintaining a high level of physical, mechanical and operational properties. The paper presents polymerization recipes and synthesis conditions. It was found that the fractional addition of acrylic acid nitrile and molecular weight regulator provide optimal conditions for obtaining synthetic rubber with the desired characteristics. The results of testing prototypes for chemical composition and physical and mechanical properties comply with the technical specifications for rubbers of the SKN-SNT brand. Rubbers and vulcanizates SKN 20SNT are the most promising for the creation of frost-oil-resistant products. Physical and mechanical tests have shown that the vulcanizate of the SKN 15SNT sample obtained under optimal synthesis conditions has a tensile strength of 22.7 MPa, an elongation at break of 485%, and a frost resistance coefficient of 0.84. It was also found that the vulcanizate of the SKN 20SNT sample, obtained under optimal synthesis conditions, has a tensile strength of 24.0 MPa, an elongation at break of 478%, and a frost resistance coefficient of 0.61. An increase in the oil and petrol resistance of frost-resistant rubbers and SKN 15SNT vulcanizates can be realized by controlled crosslinking of rubber polymer chains at the polymerization stage. The continuation of this work will be extended tests of prototypes SKN 15SNT and SKN 20SNT in order to determine such indicators as glass transition temperature, average molecular weight, molecular weight distribution, degree of polydispersity, gel content, compositional uniformity, etc.
Optimization of management of financial flows of a group of companies
Authors: Bolodurina M. P. , Komarova E. I.
Published: May 2022

The main task of financial management in groups of companies is to coordinate financial flows and improve the efficiency of their management. The search and substantiation of economically feasible solutions to these problems is hampered by the presence of many different types of consolidated associations that do not allow a single approach to financial management to be applied. Therefore, the processes of modeling financial flows of groups of companies based on modern principles of financial management are gaining relevance. The purpose of this study is to develop a model for managing the financial flows of a group of companies, taking into account the specifics of its activities within the framework of the formation of an effective financial management system. A systematic approach, theoretical and practical research of specialists in financial management, methods of economic and mathematical modeling are used. The paper substantiates the need to form a single financial center in groups of companies that performs treasury, clearing and credit functions, identifies the features of the implementation of financial functions by a single financial center within the type of a group of companies. Models for managing financial flows of a group of companies are proposed, which are an algorithm for maximizing individual positive synergistic effects of a group of companies that are predicted to be obtained as a result of performing functions assigned to a single financial center. The practical value of the work lies in the possibility of using the presented models for managing financial flows in the activities of Russian groups of companies and integration associations, which contributes to the formation of an effective financial management system. It is concluded that building a model for managing the financial flows of a group of companies involves defining the target function of the activities of the companies that are part of the group, and setting a system of restrictions in which the participants have to work; development of an algorithm for the optimal distribution of financial resources between participants, carrying out mutual settlements and implementing intragroup lending.
Conditions for the formation of stable probiotic emulsions of wheat germ oil
Authors: Rodionova N. S. , Popov E. S. , Zakharova N. A. , Zakharov V. S. , Vyrodov D. M. , Rodionov A. L.
Published: May 2022

The results of the formation of emulsions of a biologically active additive - wheat germ oil in a defatted fermented milk medium fermented by a consortium of probiotic microorganisms B. bifidum, B. longum, B. adolescentis, L. casei, L. rhamnosus, L. acidophilus, L. plantarum, L. fermentum. The dispersion medium contained at least 109 CFU in 1 g, the pH was 3.65-4.75, the titratable acidity was 120-130oT. The possibility of obtaining stable emulsions with a concentration of wheat germ oil up to 50% is shown. An increase in the capacity and stability of emulsions was established in 1.1-5.9, 1.3-10.6, 1.5-4.0, 1.7-4.7, 1.3-9.7, 1.2 -5.1 when introduced into the dispersion medium 0.5-3.5% of egg white, xanthan gum, egg powder, lecithin, guar gum, skimmed milk powder, respectively. The effect of the speed of rotation of the working body of the emulsifier in the range of 1000-3000 rpm on the emulsifying ability of the dispersion medium and the sedimentation stability of emulsions has been established. An approximating dependence of the emulsifying ability on the concentration of the emulsifier was obtained, taking into account the linear, quadratic and cubic influence of the factor. The results obtained provide a scientific basis for the process of obtaining biologically highly active probiotic emulsions based on wheat germ oil for the alimentary correction of metabolic processes in the human body. High emulsifying ability and sedimentation stability are ensured by the additional introduction of emulsifying substances into the fermented dispersion medium. The resulting emulsions had high organoleptic properties, have a more pronounced biocorrective effect on a number of important body functions, due to the combination of MZP with lacto- and bifidobacteria.
Application of mathematical statistics methods to assess the investment potential of the region
Authors: Bolodurina I. P. , Bolodurina M. P. , Abelgazina K. M.
Published: May 2022

Since each subject of the Russian Federation has full rights to conduct both interregional and international economic relations, the indicators of regional development largely depend on the investment strategy being implemented, including the level of investment potential. In this regard, the article deals with the urgent task of assessing the investment potential of the region based on socio-economic indicators using mathematical statistics, which allows us to obtain objective and reliable results, and also ensures the scalability of the methodology used and the possibility of its application to analyze the investment potential of other regions of the Russian Federation. Correlation and regression analysis was used, a linear regression model was studied for multicollinearity. The use of multidimensional statistical analysis of the investment attractiveness indicators of the Orenburg region allowed us to identify the most significant factors influencing the volume of investments in the fixed capital of the region, which include: the amount of work performed by the type of economic activity "Construction"; average per capita monetary income of the population; the volume of manufacturing production; the proportion of the working-age population in the total number. Based on the results of correlation and regression analysis, it is concluded that the level of investment in fixed assets of the Orenburg region is most significantly influenced by such areas of economic activity as agriculture, mining and manufacturing. Attracting investments to the identified sectoral priorities of the investment attractiveness of the Orenburg region will ensure the creation of high-performance places in the region, increase the gross regional product, and also give a multiplier effect for the development of other activities.
Forecasting the level of crop yields in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic
Authors: Akbasheva A. A. , Dzakhmisheva I. S. , Dzuganova M. A.
Published: May 2022

Scientific article defines the most important indicators of the economic efficiency of crop production and agricultural production, including productivity. The structure of production of the main types of crop production in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic by categories of farms as a percentage of the total production has been studied. It has been established that the main types of crop production are grain, sunflower seeds, potatoes, and vegetables. The volume of production of the main types of crop production in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 increased compared to the previous year. Productivity is the most important indicator reflecting the level of intensification of agricultural production. The quality of the planned economic level largely depends on the correct planning and forecasting of the level of crop yields. An analysis of yields in farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic in 2020 made it possible to establish that sunflower has the highest yield growth rate, and vegetable production has significantly decreased. The production of potatoes and vegetables in households in 2020 increased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. The production of grain and vegetables in peasant (farmer) households and individual entrepreneurs in 2020 decreased in relation to the volume of agricultural production. In farms of all categories of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, an additional increase in productivity is predicted due to the introduction of innovative technologies in crop production.
Project planning in modern education
Authors: Egorov G. G. , Dubovikova E. Y.
Published: May 2022

The conducted research is devoted to the analysis of the process of formation of the qualification level of specialists in the field of economic relations, based on the specialized skills of preparation and work with projects. Based on the analyzed sources, the authors analyze the design process of any nature (socio-economic, physical, technical, technological, etc.), as a result of which the material, consumer (functional), social, and other properties of the system change. The purpose of the work is to carry out a scientific analysis of student project activities and the design process itself. The object of study was the organizational forms of ensuring the activities of future specialists in the formation of practical, economic-dependent, skills of future specialists based on project activities. The work used generally accepted methods of research, description, critical analysis, approbation, expert-analytical review, engineering analysis focused on the economic performance of future projects. The result of the study is an analysis of the use, both in the classroom format and with the help of immersive technologies, of the project management method PRINCE2 (PRojests IN Controlled Environments) based on the principles of continuity, practical experience, distribution of roles, phased management, crisis intervention in the project, focusing on the final result and adaptation to the external environment. These criteria are of particular relevance to the economic forms of project justification, organization of implementation, quality control, planning, risk analysis, and progress. According to the results of the research, it is possible to note the stages of implementation of effective, from the standpoint of economic feasibility, projects: launch, initiation, project management, management of stages, results, boundaries and completion of the initiative. The above is an integral part of the training of future specialized specialists in various areas of training.
Analysis of innovative activity of agriculture in the Kabardino-Balkarian republic
Authors: Dzuganova M. A. , Dzakhmisheva I. S.
Published: May 2022

The scientific article determines that the global economic crisis, political and economic restrictions, various sanctions and counter-sanctions have become a catalyst for the active growth of the competitiveness of agriculture, an incentive for the further development of innovation in the agro-industrial complex, ensuring the country's food security and implementing the import substitution policy. The agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic has sufficient natural resources and unique climatic conditions. However, in the agricultural sector of the economy of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, there are a number of extraordinary problems associated with the use of well-established high-expenditure technologies, principles, and technical means. In this regard, the initiation of innovative activities is being updated, contributing to the progressive strengthening of the efficiency of the functioning of the agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. An analysis of the innovative activity of agriculture was carried out, and the development of dominant directions for improving the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic was carried out. The total level of innovative activity of agricultural organizations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic amounted to 10.3% in 2020. The share of organizations involved in the introduction of technological innovations in the total number of all organizations in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic amounted to 15.0%. Thus, in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic, measures are being taken to build a high-tech greenhouse complex with a system of continuous vegetable production cycle. All this indicates positive, but not sufficient, shifts in the innovative development of the economy of the agro-industrial complex of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic. Production activity in the agricultural sector of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic is rapidly developing in the conditions of the formation of a favorable conjuncture, improvement of economic conditions in the agricultural sector. From the standpoint of potential resource opportunities, the dominant directions for improving the efficiency of the functioning of agricultural enterprises in the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic should be based on a phased balanced solution to the problems of preserving a favorable environment, the use of natural resource potential, intellectual resources and high-tech intensive and resource-saving modern industries in order to meet the needs of the population in environmentally friendly products..
Innovative viability: formation of the concept and evaluation criteria
Authors: Merzlikina G. S. , Mogharbel N. O.
Published: May 2022

Innovative development a priori determines the viability and success of any economic system; at present, the role of innovation in economic activity is so great that the economy is named innovative. Based on the analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature, the problem of assessing the effectiveness of innovative development is revealed. Existing statistically observable indicators assess the conditions, resources, results of innovative processes; comparison of indicators is difficult due to their diversity of time and diversity of objects. The use of project analysis and forecasting techniques, methods for evaluating innovative projects does not allow assessing the prospects for the innovative development of the system as a whole. In addition, the uncertainty of the main characteristics of innovative development was revealed, they talk about «innovative activity», «innovative susceptibility», «innovative competitiveness». The authors propose to evaluate the results of innovative development based on «innovative viability». It was found that there are few scientific works on the assessment of solvency (economic, social, functional solvency, management solvency are considered), and only two works of Russian authors are devoted to innovative solvency. In the foreign scientific literature, only the problems of viability of innovations are studied. The author's definition of the content of the concept of «innovative viability» is proposed – a set of qualities, quantities, interconnections of the elements of the innovation system that exist in time and space (theoretical definition); for a separate economic system (region, enterprise) – this is the level of management that allows it to function successfully; it is a combination of quantitative and qualitative characteristics that ensures its sustainable viability and rationally active innovative activity; criteria for evaluating innovative viability are proposed: innovative potential, effectiveness of innovative activity, the ratio of the «fulcrum» and «center of gravity».
Search for a measurement standard in the modifications of the first generation AHP for the method of effective projects selection and other fields of science
Authors: Shageev D. A.
Published: May 2022

It is author’s another article in the series of publications to develop the previously formulated core and two fundamental provisions of the method of effective projects selection through different solutions of modification of the method of analysis of hierarchies (AHP) for financial, mathematical and other fields in science. The author paid special attention to improving the accuracy of measurements of matrix, normalized and vector estimates for the development of universal properties of AHP due to the following solutions with different qualities of scientific novelty: introduction of new formulas for calculating matrix estimates with detailed instructions for their application; offers nine different variants of AHP combinations, each including four classifiers (AHPMS-M1.N, AHPMS(AM) - M1.N, FAHPMS-M1.N and AHPDD-M1.N) on the basis of integer and fractional T. Saati 9-point scale with eight measurement intervals. This article presents a volumetric experimental data, which proved the scientific validity of these and previously disclosed solutions having scientific novelty in the direction of improving the accuracy of measurements in the AHP using different modifications of the first generation. The results of the experiment really allowed us to find and prove the validity of applying the measurement standard within science in the form of the 9 proposed combinations. The distinctive features of the reference combination are as follows: fractional scale [0; …;8]+1 in 9 main measurement intervals; when evaluating two equal objects (Ai(j)= Aj(i)), their matrix estimates are equal to units (0+1=1); these new solutions. Thus, the experimentally obtained and confirmed measurement standard from the first generation of AHP modifications is recommended to be used not only in the selection of effective projects, but also in other fields of science, taking into account its universal properties.
Current trends in the sustainable development of an "accessible environment" in railway transport
Authors: Timakova R. T. , Iliukhina I. V.
Published: May 2022

The number of people with disabilities is steadily growing all over the world and currently there are up to 15% of the total population. About 35 million people with limited mobility live in Russia, including 11.6 million people with disabilities, the most numerous group of disabled people aged over 60 years (57.2 % of the total number). Insufficient adaptation of the tourist infrastructure to the opportunities and needs of people with disabilities is one of the barriers to the formation of an "accessible environment". A study of the barrier-free environment in the country showed a low level of adaptation of tourist infrastructure for different types of tourism (from cultural, educational, therapeutic, to mountain skiing, etc.): Moscow and St. Petersburg - up to 30% of tourist infrastructure is adapted for travel of people with disabilities, in Sochi currently plans to bring up to 60%, in general, in all regions – up to 5%. The most popular transport for organizing tours is rail transport, so the infrastructure on rail transport must meet the requirements of an "accessible environment" for all categories of users. The issues of transport accessibility for the Russian population as a whole and the objectives of achieving sustainable development, considered within the context of providing an "accessible environment" for people with disabilities and people with reduced mobility on rail transport, constitute the development pattern for barrier-free and inclusive rail tourism in the country. Considering the needs of different categories of passengers, Russian Railways carries out complex modernization of rolling stock and renovation of passenger infrastructure (more than 900 passenger cars are equipped with a specialized compartment for passengers with disabilities), designs and promotes new projects in the development of railway tourism together with enterprises involved in the hospitality and tourism industry. However, insufficient tourism infrastructure adjustment to the needs of people with disabilities is one of the barriers to providing an accessible environment. Moreover, special features of mentality and health abilities of people with disabilities, their low purchasing power, and lack of awareness should be taken into account. Consistent implementation of state policy in creating a single barrier-free space for people with disabilities will contribute to their socialization in society and mobility when traveling and when traveling in the tourist and recreational environment
Development of recipes and qualitative characteristics of cereals-based food products
Authors: Ustinova Y. V. , Shevchenko T. V. , Popov A. M. , Plotnikov K. B. , Ermolaeva E. O. , Miller E. S.
Published: May 2022

Currently, considerable attention is drawn to oats for its high content of dietary fiber, phytochemicals and nutritional value. The consumption of oats is believed to have various health benefits such as cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer properties. Recently, oats have also been considered suitable in the diet of celiac patients. Due to their high nutritional value, oat-based food products such as bread, biscuits, probiotic drinks, breakfast cereals, flakes and baby food are gaining more and more popularity. Research and development of oats and oat products can be useful in the fight against various diseases known to mankind. The aim of the work is to obtain functional products with improved properties through the use of oat bran and whole oat flakes. This research focused on the development of oat-based food products with oat bran and whole oatmeal. For this purpose, breakfasts have been developed by replacing wheat flour with various levels of oat bran (30%; 50%; 80%) while oatmeal has been included at various levels (10%; 15%; 20%) in the recipe. The approximate composition of raw materials and products from oats (moisture, ash, fat, fiber, protein, carbohydrates) was analyzed in the work. The enrichment of oat bran and oatmeal increased the fiber and mineral content of both developed products. The addition of oat products did not affect the organoleptic characteristics of the product.
The analysis and research of the composition a protein-vitamins product from plant materials
Authors: Khanturgaeva V. A. , Hamaganova I. V.
Published: May 2022

According to a new report from the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), there is a problem of a shortage of protein-rich foods in the world due to the influence of COVID-19 and other factors. Lack of protein in the body leads to disturbances in the processes in which protein is involved and a decrease in immunity. Since the main protein deficiency is associated with a drop in the rate of manufacturing of products containing animal protein, it is relevant to use modern technologies to create alternatives in the form of plant protein sources. To solve this problem, we have developed a product obtained from cedar oilcake by grinding and then processing it with ethyl alcohol in a microwave installation under vacuum for 5-10 minutes. The article presents results of the study of the chemical composition and substantiates the biological value of the protein-vitamins product. Research of the chemical composition of the developed product showed a high content of essential substances, protein 47%. The analysis of the amino acid composition established the presence of 18 amino acids, nonessential and conditionally essential amino acids were found in an amount of 43%. The indicators of the biological value of the protein of the developed product indicate the completeness and balance of the amino acid composition. This proves the high biological value of the protein contained in the protein-vitamin product. The mineral composition of the developed product is capable of meeting the daily requirement for minerals necessary for the human body by 50%. In the product identified water-soluble vitamins group B and vitamin C. The obtained data indicate the possibility of using a protein-vitamin product as an independent product for the prevention of protein-energy malnutrition, and as a functional additive in food production, to increase their nutritional value.
Prospects of improving technologies for apple raw materials processing
Authors: Kalashnikov G. V. , Litvinov E. V.
Published: May 2022

A resource-saving technology for processing apples, including the main production of finished dried products in the form of dried apples, apple chips, apple semi-finished products and additional production based on secondary raw materials recovery from the main production, were proposed in the work. The possibility of using of secondary raw materials from the apples industrial processing to obtain natural products that allows to make the main manufacture of dried apple products as efficient as possible was studied by the authors. The main directions of apples and secondary apple raw materials processing were considered in the work. The technological scheme of the line for apples and their wastes processing based on dehydration and moisture-thermal processing of components, taking into account the specifics of the production of dried fruits, chips and their semi-finished products, was proposed in the course of this study. The main production line for the manufacture of dried apples, apple chips and apple semi-finished products was designed. The resource-saving technological scheme of the dried apple and apple chips production line includes a washing machine, an inspection conveyor, a calibrator, a machine for seeds removing and a device for cutting fruits into chips, a sulfitator, a combined continuous toroidal apparatus for wet-heat treatment, divided into sections for raw materials heating, convective drying , preliminary hydrothermal treatment between sections of microwave drying and dried product cooling and a filling and packaging machine. Taking into account the type of raw materials, a set of equipment from a drum machine with a washing unit and a multifunctional plant with raw materials crushing and seeds separation was provided in the line. The recirculation circuit, the feedstock heating, the steam and condensate used after drying in a closed circuit were used to create an energy-saving technology for the finished product manufacturing. The line consists of modular blocks and is reconfigured depending on the type of dried apples or apple chips obtained based on the developed resource-saving scheme and combined convective microwave drying of raw materials.
Development of jelly based on a spent osmotic agent
Authors: Gribova N. A.
Published: May 2022

The purpose of scientific research is aimed at using secondary resources of canning production – a spent osmotic agent from the osmosis of berries, fruits into gelled products. In public catering enterprises and confectionery enterprises, jelly is used for finishing culinary and confectionery products in an uncured or frozen form. Frozen jelly is used for the preparation of sweet dishes, decoration, decoration of cakes and pastries, uncured to cover the surface of culinary and confectionery products, fruits, berries, which significantly increases the organoleptic evaluation and shelf life. When studying scientific papers, it was revealed that the research is mainly aimed at introducing various jelly-forming agents, enriching with biologically active substances, using non-traditional raw materials to expand the assortment, increase, and improve the quality and nutritional value of various jelly products produced. As a result, a technological scheme, a recipe for obtaining jelly based on the complete replacement of the main ingredient of granulated sugar with a spent osmotic agent (sucrose solution) has been developed and improved. Organoleptic, physico-chemical, microbiological indicators of jelly quality have been studied. According to the organoleptic quality indicators, the jelly under study has a characteristic, pronounced taste and smell, a rich bright red color, a strong gelated consistency without flaking of the liquid. According to physico-chemical parameters, jelly contains 50.02% of solids, mono – and disaccharides 50.09%, penetration number 20.2, jelly strength 24507.04 Pa, pH 3.2, mass fraction of titrated acids 1.67%, tannins and coloring substances 0.69%, ascorbic acid 8.24mg%, calcium 14.45 mg, potassium 34.32 mg, iron 0.23 mg, water activity index 0.648, microbiological indicators were not detected, energy value 200 kcal /837 kJ.
Examination the Abc Conjecture Using Some Functions
Authors: Fujino Seiji
Published: May 2022

In this paper, we examine the weak abc conjecture and the strong abc conjecture using some functions. we attempt to discuss the possibilty that the negative consequence of the weak abc conjecture. Namely, we derive that the weak abc conjecture is not true. Additionally, we show that the strong abc conjecture is not true.
Fungi in Microbial Culture Collections and Their Metabolites
Authors: Vasilenko Alexander , Ivanushkina Natalya , Kochkina Galina , Ozerskaya Svetlana
Published: May 2022

This material presents the results of a comparative analysis of the fungal diversity in the world system of microbial culture collections on one side with a variety of known fungal producers on the other side. The main VKM databases used are Fungal DC and Metabolites of Fungi, the central point of analysis - the fungal ability to synthesize promising metabolites for applied use. It indicates that the option of obtaining new promising strains from the collection funds is still underestimated by the scientific community. In particular it is shown that not more than 3% of the total fungal species fund contained in culture collections are used practically. The database Fungal DC developed in VKM is available on-line in www.vkm.ru and www.mycobank.org. It is possible their use will considerably expand the range of studied strains and lead to the acquisition of new scientifically significant data.
Controls of the Lithospheric Thermal Field of an Ocean-Continent Subduction Zone: The Southern Central Andes
Authors: Rodriguez Piceda C. , Scheck-Wenderoth M. , Bott J. , Gomez Dacal M. L. , Cacace M. , Pons M. , Prezzi C. B. , Strecker M. R.
Published: May 2022

In an ocean-continent subduction zone, the assessment of the lithospheric thermal state is essential to determine the controls of the deformation within the upper plate and the dip angle of the subducting lithosphere. In this study, we evaluate the degree of influence of both the configuration of the upper plate (i.e., thickness and composition of the rock units) and variations of the subduction angle on the lithospheric thermal field of the southern Central Andes (29°–39°S). Here, the subduction angle increases from subhorizontal (5°) north of 33°S to steep (~30°) in the south. We derived the 3D temperature and heat flow distribution of the lithosphere in the southern Central Andes considering conversion of S wave tomography to temperatures together with steady-state conductive thermal modeling. We found that the orogen is overall warmer than the forearc and the foreland and that the lithosphere of the northern part of the foreland appears colder than its southern counterpart. Sedimentary blanketing and the thickness of the radiogenic crust exert the main control on the shallow thermal field (<50 km depth). Specific conditions are present where the oceanic slab is relatively shallow (<85 km depth) and the radiogenic crust is thin. This configuration results in relatively colder temperatures compared to regions where the radiogenic crust is thick and the slab is steep. At depths >50 km, the temperatures of the overriding plate are mainly controlled by the mantle heat input and the subduction angle. The thermal field of the upper plate likely preserves the flat subduction angle and influences the spatial distribution of shortening.
paradigma ecléctico en las industrias culturales y creativas de Chile y Colombia
Authors: Redondo-Méndez Andrea Carolina , Pinzón-Muñoz Carlos Andrés , Chavarro-Larrota Maira Alejandra , Ruge-Grisales Andrés Ricardo
Published: May 2022

El objetivo de la investigación fue analizar comparativamente los aspectos institucionales de las industrias culturales y creativas en Chile y en Colombia, reconociendo su estructura y funcionamiento mediante las ventajas de localización, propiedad e internacionalización. También se tuvieron en cuenta aspectos como la identificación de actividades y políticas estatales y su aplicabilidad en el desarrollo del sector, manifestadas en las fortalezas y las debilidades que presentan estos dos países en el panorama de internacionalización cultural. La metodología fue cualitativa, bajo el diseño de investigación descriptivo y de tipo documental, con revisión de fuentes secundarias y de tipo oficial; su alcance fue analítico-prospectivo partiendo del análisis realizado. La investigación permitió identificar que ambos países cumplen con las tres ventajas analizadas, sin embargo, aun cuando Colombia posee reconocimiento mundial respecto a su patrimonio y cultura, presenta debilidades en las ventajas de propiedad; en el caso de Chile, se reconoce su aporte al sector desde su plan de gobierno actual, sin embargo, su mayor falencia se encuentra en la medición y el análisis del sector, debido a que cuenta con una única fuente de información válida. En las conclusiones se logró identificar que las industrias culturales y creativas de Chile poseen mayores ventajas de internacionalización frente al caso colombiano debido al apoyo institucional y a un mayor número de proyectos orientados al fortalecimiento de la cultura.
Localization of cortical TMS effects and accurate motor threshold determination
Authors: Weise Konstantin , Numssen Ole , Kalloch Benjamin , Zier Anna Leah , Thielscher Axel , Hartwigsen Gesa , Knösche Thomas R.
Published: May 2022

We describe a routine to precisely localize cortical muscle representations within the primary motor cortex with transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) based on the functional relation between induced electric fields at the cortical level and motor evoked potentials. Besides insights into structure-function relationships, this lays the foundation for TMS dosing metrics based on subject-specific cortical field thresholds. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) for different coil positions/orientations are combined with electric field modelling. Compared to previous approaches this routine exploits the causal nature of neuronal activation functions to pinpoint MEPs to their cortical origin.After constructing an individual head model, MEPs are recorded, and the induced electric fields computed. Finally, the cortical muscle representations are determined by relating the induced cortical fields to MEP amplitudes. Subsequently, the coil position which optimally stimulates this cortical position can be identified.The protocol requires 2 hours of manual preparation and 10 hours for the automatized head model construction, one TMS session (2h), 12h of computational post-processing, and an optional second TMS session (0.5h). A basic level of computer science expertise and standard TMS neuronavigation equipment suffices.
Dexmedetomidine - Oxycodone Combination for Conscious Sedation during Colonoscopy in Obese Patients: A Randomised Controlled Trial
Authors: Wang Xinran , Zhang Manman , Han Sun , Lu Xiaoxing , Zhu Yangzi , Zhang Rui , Zhang Zhen , Shi Rongxia
Published: May 2022

What Is Known and Objective: Obesity is a risk factor for sedation related respiratory depression during colonoscopy. Propofol has potent sedative and hypnotic effects and has been widely used in colonoscopy. However, propofol is associated with marked respiratory depression. The objective of this trial was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone for conscious sedation during colonoscopy in obese patients. Methods: A total of 138 patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly assigned into one of two groups: group Dex+oxy received sedation with dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone; while group Pro+oxy received anaesthesia with propofol plus oxycodone. Parameters including blood pressure, heart rate, respiration, blood oxygen saturation, injection pain, and recovery were recorded for both groups. Results: The incidence of hypoxaemia was significantly reduced in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+ oxy (4.9% vs 20.3%, P = 0.011). Blood pressure was significantly increased, and heart rate was reduced in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+ oxy (P < 0.05). Moreover, the caecal insertion time, recovery time to orientation, and recovery time to walking were significantly reduced in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+ oxy (P < 0.05). Endoscopist satisfaction scores were significantly higher in group Dex+oxy compared with group Pro+ oxy (P = 0.042). What Is New and Conclusion: Dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone provides effective sedation with minimal adverse effects for obese patients, while also reducing colonoscopy operation difficulty by allowing obese patients to reposition. Thus, dexmedetomidine plus oxycodone could be used safely as a conscious sedation method for colonoscopy in obese patients.Trial registration: The protocol was registered at www.chictr.org.cn (ChiCTR1800017283, 21/07/2018)
Multiple-trait model through Bayesian inference applied to flood-irrigated rice (Oryza sativa L)
Authors: Júnior Antônio Carlos da Silva , Sant’Anna Isabela de Castro , Peixoto Marco Antônio , Torres Lívia Gomes , Silva Michele Jorge , Costa Weverton da , Azevedo Camila Ferreira , Soares Plínio César , Cruz Cosme Damião
Published: May 2022

The objectives of this study were to use a bayesian multi-trait model, estimate genetic parameters, and select flood-irrigated rice genotypes with better genetic potentials in different evaluation environments. For this, twenty-five rice genotypes belonging to the flood-irrigated rice improvement program were evaluated. The grain yields, grain length, width and thickness, grain length, and grain width and weight of 100-grains in the agricultural year 2016/2017. The experimental design used in all experiments was a randomized block design with three replications. The Monte Carlo Markov Chain algorithm estimated genetic parameters and genetic values. The grain thickness trait was considered highly heritable, with a credibility interval ranging from: h2: 0.9480; 0.9440; 0.8610, in environments 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The grain yields showed a low correlation estimate between grain thickness and 100-grain weight, in all environments, with a credibility interval ranging from ρ= 0.5477; 0.5762; 0.5618 and 0.5973; 0.5247; 0.5632, grain thickness and 100-grain weight, in environments 1, 2, and 3, respectively). The Bayesian multi-trait model proved to be an adequate strategy for the genetic improvement of flood-irrigated.
Spin on adverse effects in abstracts of systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions: A cross-sectional study (Part 2)
Authors: Steegmans Pauline A.J. , Girolamo Nicola Di , Reynders Reint A Meursinge
Published: May 2022

Background. It is critical that abstracts of systematic reviews transparently report both the beneficial and adverse effects of interventions without misleading the readers. This cross-sectional study assessed whether adverse effects of interventions were reported or considered in abstracts of systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions and whether spin on adverse effects was identified when comparing the abstracts with what was sought and reported in these reviews. Methods. This cross-sectional study (part 2 of 2) used the same sample of 98 systematic reviews orthodontic interventions on human patients that was used in part 1. Eligible reviews were retrieved from the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and the 5 leading orthodontic journals between August 1 2009 and July 31 2021. Prevalence proportions were sought for 3 outcomes as defined in the published protocol. Univariable logistic regression models were built to explore associations between the presence of spin in the abstract and predictors such as the journal, year, number of authors, conflict of interest reported, funding, and type of orthodontic intervention. Odd ratios (OR) 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to quantify respectively the strength of associations and their precision. Results. The majority, 76.5% (75/98), of eligible reviews reported or considered (i.e., discussed, weighted etc.), potential adverse effects of orthodontic interventions in the abstract and the proportion of spin on adverse effects was 40.8% (40/98) in the abstract of these reviews. Misleading reporting was the predominant category of spin, i.e., 90% (36/40). The explorative analyses did not find an association between the presence of spin in the abstract and any of the predictors. Conclusion. End users of systematic reviews of orthodontic interventions have to be careful when interpreting the results on adverse effects in the abstracts of these reviews, because they could be jeopardized by uncertainties such as not being reported and misleading reporting as a result of spin. Editors, peer reviewers, researchers, and guideline developers have key responsibilities in tackling these problems. This is particularly important, because titles and abstracts are often the only read sections of papers in biomedicine.
Would the Bric Economies be Integrated or Assembled?
Authors: Rocha Filipe Vasconcelos , Montibeler Everlam Elias , Cabral Joilson de Assis , Cordeiro Daniel Rodrigues , Junio Marcelo Ferreira Fortunato
Published: May 2022

The objective of this work was to analyze the level of economic integration between the BRIC economies. From the WIOD input-output tables, a BRIC matrix was built which, using the hypothetical extraction method in Input-Output, made it possible to assess the impacts that each group economy generates on the others and the rest of the world. As a result, it was observed at first that the BRIC group had a greater degree of economic integration, but that this integration later lost strength due to the increase in the relationship of these countries with economies outside the group.