bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Role of Ethnicity and Context: Intimate Femicide Rates Among Social Groups in Israeli Society
Authors: Sela-Shayovitz Revital
Published: December 2010

The study examined differences in the characteristics of intimate femicide among various groups in Israeli society between 1995 and 2007. The findings show that Israeli-born Jews and Arabs were underrepresented among intimate femicide offenders. By contrast, the proportion of Ethiopian immigrants was 21 times higher than their proportion in the total population, and immigrants from the former USSR were overrepresented by 142.1%. Ethiopian immigrants differed significantly from the other groups with regard to femicide followed by suicide: Among Ethiopian immigrants, the percentage of femicide followed by suicide was almost twice as high as the percentage found among the other groups. In addition, immigrants from the former USSR differed significantly from the other groups with regard to femicide under the influence of alcohol.
From local to national: Explaining the formation of the Australian Green Party
Authors: Miragliotta Narelle
Published: December 2010

The rise of green parties in Australia follows a path that is well documented in the literature; the inability of other parties to accommodate environmental concerns, the increasing salience of green issues for governments and an electoral regime that permits party insurgency. This article examines how these factors have operated in Australia, and the extent to which a distinctive federal structure and federal electoral regulation of parties served to modify the emergence of a national green party.
Party media agenda-setting
Authors: Hopmann David N. , Elmelund-Præstekær Christian , Albæk Erik , Vliegenthart Rens , Vreese Claes H. de
Published: December 2010

Political parties have substantial influence on which issues the news media cover during election campaigns, while the media have limited influence on party agendas. However, we know little about why some parties are more successful than others in passing the media’s gates and being covered on sponsored issues. On the basis of content analyses of election news coverage (812 news stories) and press releases published by political parties (N = 334) during the 2007 national election campaign in Denmark, we analyse which parties were successful in appearing in the news on issues on which they published press releases. Using Sartori’s notion of relevant parties, we conclude that the more relevant parties have more success, that there is a positive spillover effect from other parties’ press releases, but also a negative interaction effect between a party’s own and other parties’ press releases. The results are discussed with respect to their generalizability and arising challenges for future research.
Of bleeding skulls and the postcolonial uncanny: bones and the presence of Nonosabasut and Demasduit
Authors: Harries John
Published: December 2010

Based on three years of fieldwork in Newfoundland and the UK, this article considers the various materializations of a Beothuk man and woman, all of which have, at their heart, the skull as an ambivalent thing, at once a trace of their presence and a confirmation of their absence. These various processes of materialization, the author argues, are attempts to arrest the ambivalent movement between presence and absence, yet are themselves haunted by the thing itself, which is both insufficient to, yet in excess of, these materializations. In so doing, it engages with broader questions of the nature of the affective presence of human remains, particularly in the context of the postcolonial politic of belonging in settler societies.
The holistic ambition: Social cohesion and the culturalization of citizenship
Authors: Lithman Yngve
Published: December 2010

Policy-making in Europe with respect to migrant population problems builds on an integration—citizenship—social cohesion nexus representing a holistic ambition where each nation state manifests its own presumed national—cultural order as normative. Migrant-related issues thus become couched in idioms focusing on culture, ethnicity and identity. The shortcomings of this approach are discussed with reference to the shape of immigration-related social issues. The article also indicates how the representation of problem issues through the integration—citizenship—social cohesion nexus opens for conflicts, not just between migrants and autochthonous, but also between segments in the host populations. A main argument is made to the effect that we need a much better understanding of how the receiving countries’ national and other contingencies shape migrant lives.
Social cohesion and the transformation from ethnic to multicultural society: The Case of Denmark
Authors: Kærgård Niels
Published: December 2010

Danish society used to have a very homogenous culture; everybody was Lutheran and there were only very small groups of ethnic minorities. However, since the 1960s the immigration of foreign workers and refugees has created substantial minority groups of people who are very different ethnically, religiously and linguistically. Becoming a multicultural country may be particularly problematic for such a formerly homogeneous society; formal and informal rules for the co-existence of different ethnic and religious segments of the society have until now not been necessary.
Immigration, social cohesion, and naturalization
Authors: Lægaard Sune
Published: December 2010

The standard appeal to social cohesion in relation to immigration concerns admittance and residence. But social cohesion is sometimes also invoked as a relevant concern in relation to the attainment of citizenship in the state through naturalization. Many western states have recently tightened conditions for naturalization and introduced tougher language requirements and knowledge of society tests. The article discusses how concerns for social cohesion might function as a part of justifications of such restrictive naturalization requirements. It argues that standard concerns with generalized social trust do not connect with issues of naturalization at all. Other conceptions of social cohesion are either politically controversial, problematic as part of the justification of stricter naturalization requirements, or in fact justify less demanding naturalization requirements.
Segregation, mistrust and minorities
Authors: Uslaner Eric M.
Published: December 2010

Generalized trust is a value that leads to many positive outcomes for a society. It is faith in people you don’t know who are likely to be different from yourself. Yet, several people, most notably Robert Putnam, now argue that trust is lower when we are surrounded by people who are different from ourselves. I challenge this view and argue that residential segregation rather than diversity leads to lower levels of trust. Integrated and diverse neighborhoods will lead to higher levels of trust, but mainly if people also have diverse social networks. I examine the theoretical and measurement differences between segregation and diversity and summarize results on how integrated neighborhoods with diverse social networks increase trust in the US and the UK.
Renin gene haplotype diversity and linkage disequilibrium in two Mexican and one German population samples
Authors: Valdez-Velazquez Laura L , Mendoza-Carrera Francisco , Perez-Parra Sandra A , Rodarte-Hurtado Katia , Sandoval-Ramirez Lucila , Montoya-Fuentes Héctor , Quintero-Ramos Antonio , Delgado-Enciso Ivan , Montes-Galindo Daniel A , Gomez-Sandoval Zeferino , Olivares Norma , Rivas Fernando
Published: December 2010

Introduction. Renin is the main rate-limiting enzyme in the renin—angiotensin—aldosterone system. Its gene, REN, is a candidate crucial factor in essential hypertension and cardiovascular disease. The aim of this study was to evaluate allele and haplotype distributions of REN polymorphisms, and to estimate normalised linkage disequilibrium ( D’) in Mexican and German populations.

Materials and methods. Four groups were studied for the REN single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) 1205C>T, 1303G>A, and 10607G>A, in population samples of Mexican Mestizo ( n = 86), Mexican Huichol ( n = 49), German ( n = 39), and individuals with hypertension diagnosis ( n = 66). Polymorphisms were detected by PCR—RFLP. Genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were estimated.

Results. SNP 1205C>T and 10607G>A allele and genotype distribution showed inter-group differences. The 1205T and 10607A allele showed a significance difference in hypertensive population. Haplotype analysis also showed some inter-group differences, especially in 1205C-1303G-10607G, 1205C-1303G-10607A and 1205T-1303G-10607G haplotypes. The segregation analysis disclosed complete linkage disequilibrium between 1205 and 1303 loci.

Conclusion. These results provide an example of genetic diversity in related populations and illustrate the convenience of increasing the number of loci in associative studies between diseases and candidate genes.
Relative efficiency and sample size for cluster randomized trials with variable cluster sizes
Authors: You Zhiying , Williams O Dale , Aban Inmaculada , Kabagambe Edmond Kato , Tiwari Hemant K , Cutter Gary
Published: December 2010

Background The statistical power of cluster randomized trials depends on two sample size components, the number of clusters per group and the numbers of individuals within clusters (cluster size). Variable cluster sizes are common and this variation alone may have significant impact on study power. Previous approaches have taken this into account by either adjusting total sample size using a designated design effect or adjusting the number of clusters according to an assessment of the relative efficiency of unequal versus equal cluster sizes.

Purpose This article defines a relative efficiency of unequal versus equal cluster sizes using noncentrality parameters, investigates properties of this measure, and proposes an approach for adjusting the required sample size accordingly.

Methods We focus on comparing two groups with normally distributed outcomes using t-test, and use the noncentrality parameter to define the relative efficiency of unequal versus equal cluster sizes and show that statistical power depends only on this parameter for a given number of clusters. We calculate the sample size required for an unequal cluster sizes trial to have the same power as one with equal cluster sizes.

Results Relative efficiency based on the noncentrality parameter is straightforward to calculate and easy to interpret. It connects the required mean cluster size directly to the required sample size with equal cluster sizes. Consequently, our approach first determines the sample size requirements with equal cluster sizes for a pre-specified study power and then calculates the required mean cluster size while keeping the number of clusters unchanged. Our approach allows adjustment in mean cluster size alone or simultaneous adjustment in mean cluster size and number of clusters, and is a flexible alternative to and a useful complement to existing methods. Comparison indicated that we have defined a relative efficiency that is greater than the relative efficiency in the literature under some conditions.

Limitations Our measure of relative efficiency might be less than the measure in the literature under some conditions, underestimating the relative efficiency.

Conclusions The relative efficiency of unequal versus equal cluster sizes defined using the noncentrality parameter suggests a sample size approach that is a flexible alternative and a useful complement to existing methods.
Boundaries and Early Jazz: Defining a New Music
Authors: Appelrouth Scott
Published: December 2010

The diffusion of jazz into the musical mainstream during the 1920s served as a site for the struggle to define ongoing changes both in the arts and in the broader society. I analyze the discursive themes that framed the contention over the music by connecting the notion of boundary-work to fields of cultural production. In doing so, I demonstrate that the content of boundary-work is shaped by the field in which a speaker is positioned. ‘High’ and popular artists, civic and political leaders, and general cultural critics defined differently the alleged impact of jazz. These differences in content fueled the dynamism of the contention by giving expression to the different interests at stake, interests that reflect the specific authority to name the truth generated by a given field.
A mechanistic rationale for MEK inhibitor therapy in myeloma based on blockade of MAF oncogene expression
Authors: Annunziata Christina M. , Hernandez Lidia , Davis R. Eric , Zingone Adriana , Lamy Laurence , Lam Lloyd T. , Hurt Elaine M. , Shaffer Arthur L. , Kuehl W. Michael , Staudt Louis M.
Published: December 2010

Modulating aberrant transcription of oncogenes is a relatively unexplored opportunity in cancer therapeutics. In approximately 10% of multiple myelomas, the initiating oncogenic event is translocation of musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene homolog (MAF), a transcriptional activator of key target genes, including cyclinD2. Our prior work showed that MAF is up-regulated in an additional 30% of multiple myeloma cases. The present study describes a common mechanism inducing MAF transcription in both instances. The second mode of MAF transcription occurred in myelomas with multiple myeloma SET domain (MMSET) translocation. MMSET knockdown decreased MAF transcription and cell viability. A small-molecule screen found an inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK), which activates extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)-MAP kinases, reduced MAF mRNA in cells representing MMSET or MAF subgroups. ERK activates transcription of FOS, part of the AP-1 transcription factor. By chromatin immunoprecipitation, FOS bound the MAF promoter, and MEK inhibition decreased this interaction. MEK inhibition selectively induced apoptosis in MAF-expressing myelomas, and FOS inactivation was similarly toxic. Reexpression of MAF rescued cells from death induced by MMSET depletion, MEK inhibition, or FOS inactivation. The data presented herein demonstrate that the MEK-ERK pathway regulates MAF transcription, providing molecular rationale for clinical evaluation of MEK inhibitors in MAF-expressing myeloma.
In vitro assays misrepresent in vivo lineage potentials of murine lymphoid progenitors
Authors: Richie Ehrlich Lauren I. , Serwold Thomas , Weissman Irving L.
Published: December 2010

The identity of T-cell progenitors that seed the thymus has remained controversial, largely because many studies differ over whether these progenitors retain myeloid potential. Contradictory reports diverge in their use of various in vitro and in vivo assays. To consolidate these discordant findings, we compared the myeloid potential of 2 putative thymus seeding populations, common lymphoid progenitors (CLPs) and multipotent progenitors (MPPs), and the earliest intrathymic progenitor (DN1), using 2 in vitro assays and in vivo readouts. These assays gave contradictory results: CLP and DN1 displayed surprisingly robust myeloid potential on OP9-DL1 in vitro stromal cocultures but displayed little myeloid potential in vivo, as well as in methylcellulose cultures. MPP, on the other hand, displayed robust myeloid potential in all settings. We conclude that stromal cocultures reveal cryptic, but nonphysiologic, myeloid potentials of lymphoid progenitors, providing an explanation for contradictory findings in the field and underscoring the importance of using in vivo assays for the determination of physiologic lineage potentials.
The sensing of poorly deformable red blood cells by the human spleen can be mimicked in vitro
Authors: Deplaine Guillaume , Safeukui Innocent , Jeddi Fakhri , Lacoste François , Brousse Valentine , Perrot Sylvie , Biligui Sylvestre , Guillotte Micheline , Guitton Corinne , Dokmak Safi , Aussilhou Béatrice , Sauvanet Alain , Cazals Hatem Dominique , Paye François , Thellier Marc , Mazier Dominique , Milon Geneviève , Mohandas Narla , Mercereau-Puijalon Odile , David Peter H. , Buffet Pierre A.
Published: December 2010

Retention of poorly deformable red blood cells (RBCs) by the human spleen has been recognized as a critical determinant of pathogenesis in hereditary spherocytosis, malaria, and other RBC disorders. Using an ex vivo perfusion system, we had previously shown that retention of Plasmodium falciparum–infected RBCs (Pf-RBCs) occur in the splenic red pulp, upstream from the sinus wall. To experimentally replicate the mechanical sensing of RBCs by the splenic microcirculation, we designed a sorting device where a mixture of 5- to 25-μm-diameter microbeads mimics the geometry of narrow and short interendothelial splenic slits. Heated RBCs, Pf-RBCs, and RBCs from patients with hereditary spherocytosis were retained in the microbead layer, without hemolysis. The retention rates of Pf-RBCs were similar in microbeads and in isolated perfused human spleens. These in vitro results directly confirm the importance of the mechanical sensing of RBCs by the human spleen. In addition, rigid and deformable RBC subpopulations could be separated and characterized at the molecular level, and the device was used to deplete a stored RBC population from its subpopulation of rigid RBCs. This experimental approach may contribute to a better understanding of the role of the spleen in the pathogenesis of inherited and acquired RBC disorders.
The Truth About Freedom: A Reply to Merricks
Authors: Fischer John Martin , Todd Patrick
Published: December 2010

In his recent essay in the Philosophical Review, “Truth and Freedom,” Trenton Merricks contends (among other things) that the basic argument for the incompatibility of God's foreknowledge and human freedom is question-begging. He relies on a “truism” to the effect that truth depends on the world and not the other way around. The present essay argues that mere invocation of this truism does not establish that the basic argument for incompatibilism is question-begging. Further, it seeks to clarify important elements of the debate, including the fixity-of-the-past premise in the incompatibilist's argument and the Ockhamist response. It sketches some potential links between the issues here and recent work on ontological dependence, and it connects the issues raised by Merricks to important work that has appeared in (among other places) the Philosophical Review.
The Right to Translation: Deconstructive Pedagogy in Comparative Literature, 1979/2009
Authors: Apter Emily
Published: December 2010

Deconstruction arguably marked the last time that comparative literature was truly confident as a discipline; with a clear sight of its philological inheritance and posthumanist telos. Post-2000 comp lit, by comparison, has been plagued by insecurity over what it is and what it is not. At the present pass, even the discipline's recognized opportunity—which lies in its being well positioned institutionally to develop a worldly critical praxis responsive to the politics of the aesthetic—is experienced as a special burden; for no discipline wants to be responsible to “allness” (that is to say, to teaching all the world's languages and literatures) under the Malthusian market conditions that govern an enrollment-driven modern education. While there may be no ready solutions to the problems posed by the planetary imperative, one place to look for them is in the substantive discussions of translation and technics that lent self-assurance to literary education in the 1970s and 1980s. In the memos, letters, seminar notes, and texts written in this period, what emerges is a “right to translate” as the covenant of a deconstructive comparative literature.

Drawing on the transcript of Derrida's 1979 seminar “The Concept of Comparative Literature and the Theoretical Problems of Translation,” this essay explores topics for a new comparative literature: the theology of translation, translation and pedagogy, the right to untranslatability, and comparative literature as such as a translation problem.
The Precarious Integrity of the Postsecular
Authors: Dunn Allen
Published: December 2010

Both Martin Heidegger and Theodor Adorno lament the disenchantment of the world that results from the secularization process, but both are loath to call for a return to mythic culture. They seek a postsecular source of value independent of both premodern myth and enlightened reason. As is illustrated by their respective aesthetic theories, however, they pursue this goal in dramatically different ways. Heidegger claims that art can offer a glimpse of a world that is undistorted by the objectifying power of instrumental reason, while Adorno claims that art is itself a form of reason and functions by intensifying the contradictions of Enlightenment thought.
Literary Forensics, or the Incendiary Archive
Authors: Savoy Eric
Published: December 2010

According to Derrida, there is something perverse about the archive. Usually understood in a positive sense as the site of cultural transmission, and as the temporal pivot between historical traces and the intellectual work to come in an ideal futurity, the archive contains an auto-destructive or “archiviolithic” impulse. In Derrida's model, this negativity is the consequence of repetition, which is the archive's raison d'être, and which is linked in turn to the Freudian death drive. This essay explores a poetics of archival destruction in a range of texts. Concentrating specifically on annihilation by fire, it offers a speculative connection between the hazards of circumstance (or accidents external to the archive) and a proto-gothic pulsion toward auto-immolation within the archive proper. The essay concludes with a lengthy reading of Henry James's The Aspern Papers and the vicissitudes of what might be called “archival desire.”
Reading with Discrepant Engagement
Authors: Judy R. A.
Published: December 2010

“Literature,” Orhan Pamuk once remarked, “is the greatest treasure we, humanity, have to discuss and to understand ourselves; and now, the most popular, most intelligent, most flexible form of literature today, in the last two hundred years in fact, is the great art of the novel.” This was in elaboration of Pamuk's assessment of the art of the novel to be about “drawing a picture [of the world of others],” of “getting the world right through words as painters use colors.” Clearly, Pamuk's assessment belongs, albeit in a peculiar way, to the history of mimeticism that Stephen Halliwell traces from classical Greece, precisely because of its presumption that among the most pressing challenges confronting the novel as literary form is to adequately represent the conditions and possibilities of human life these days. In other words, the question is whether the novel is so inherently a bourgeoisie form that wherever it is practiced and read the hegemonic dynamics of bourgeoisie formation are necessarily prevalent. Pamuk's answer to this is famously “no,” so that when he characterizes his work as westernizing but not Western he is suggesting that the historical planet-wide distribution of liberal—in the classical sense—market-oriented social formations may have achieved a ubiquity of certain structures, but not a uniformity of types. In such circumstances, the conceit of the bourgeoisie's organicistic integrity is never even partially attainable, and the practitioners of the novel are held to an acute historicist sensibility about what exploring certain modes of representation do in the world, and what types of person can explore those modes. There is a resonance of this sensibility in what some today call magical realism (realismo mágico) and others realismo maravilloso, but what Nathaniel Mackey provocatively designates as “discrepant engagement”; Mackey's designation is indicative of there being some urgency for a different sort of philology from that elaborated by Herder and the Schlegels then so eruditely and impressively practiced by Spitzer, Curtius, Vossler, and Auerbach; one that, eschewing the underlying organicism of these earlier methodologies, strives to read texts as heterocosmically mimetic. This essay is an inchoate movement towards such a philology; it seeks to address two challenges, respectively: (1) how to undertake a philology that practices a materialist historicism without the framework of any integral literary tradition in order to discover global styles; (2) how to, with such a philology, then begin tracking a species history of intelligence.
The Vision of Voice in James and Hitchcock: An Experiment in Reading
Authors: MacKenzie Gina M. , O'Hara Daniel T.
Published: December 2010

We read comparatively two acts of self-revision, James's transformation of his 1896 novel The Other House (based on an 1893 dramatic scenario) into a 1909 play and Hitchcock's two film versions of The Man Who Knew Too Much (1934, 1956). Based on Lacanian psychoanalysis, we argue that both artists seek in their different acts of critical reading the best ways to materialize the visionary operations of voice by giving it greater aesthetic and ethical effectiveness, in the hope of perfecting the fierce maternal form of the modern superego, and thereby exorcising it once and for all.
The Crisis of Critique in Postcolonial Modernity
Authors: Pease Donald E.
Published: December 2010

“The Crisis of Critique in Postcolonial Modernity” situates Michel Foucault's method of genealogical analysis within the history of critique, examines the usage to which David Scott has put Foucault to reconfigure the problem-space of postcolonial studies, and explains how Scott's usage of genealogical critique functions as a form of governmentality.
Sporotrichosis in Delhi among the migrant population from Uttarakhand, India
Authors: Capoor Malini R , Ramesh V , Khanna Geetika , Singh Avninder , Aggarwal Pushpa
Published: December 2010

Six cases of sporotrichosis in Delhi (non-endemic area) were recorded in migrants from Uttarakhand over a period of one year (2008–2009). The clinico-epidemiological and mycological profile of the patients is discussed. These were confirmed by mycological culture, histopathological examination and/or remission of lesion with potassium iodide. Sporotrichosis is endemic in Uttarakhand, a north-western state in the sub-Himalayan region.
Rapid tranquillization agents for severe behavioural disturbance: a survey of African psychiatrists' prescription patterns
Authors: James Bawo Onesirosan
Published: December 2010

Guidelines on the use of rapid tranquillizers for severe behavioural disturbance have changed over the last six decades. This survey reports a minimal change in the prescription patterns among psychiatrists sampled from Africa. Parenteral chlorpromazine and diazepam are still commonly prescribed, the least being intramuscular lorazepam, olanzapine and promethazine. Respondents indicated that drug availability was more likely than prescription preference or cost to influence their choices. They were also equally concerned about the tranquillizer's side effects, its ability to provide rapid and sustained sedation and its ability to calm a patient while awaiting psychiatric assessment.
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics of People With Intellectual Disabilities With and Without Substance Abuse Disorders in a Medicaid Population
Authors: Slayter Elspeth Maclean
Published: December 2010

Little is known about the demographic and clinical characteristics of people with intellectual disabilities and substance abuse problems. Drawing on health care billing claims for people with Medicaid coverage aged 12–99 years, the characteristics of people with intellectual disability and a history of substance abuse (N  =  9,484) were explored and compared with people with intellectual disability but without substance abuse. Age- and/or gender-adjusted odds ratios were derived from logistic regression analyses to consider differences in demographic and clinical diagnoses. People with intellectual disability and substance abuse constituted 2.6% of all people with intellectual disability, most of whom had a diagnosis of mild or moderate intellectual disability. People with intellectual disability and substance abuse problems were, on average, 2 years older than the comparison group and less likely to be White. The sample was more likely than the comparison group to have serious mental illness or depression and substance abuse–related disorders were not prevalent. These data provide a comparison point for existing studies of mental health diagnoses as well as new information about substance abuse disorders. Implications relate to the identification of substance abuse among people with intellectual disabilities as well as the establishment of demographic and clinical correlates.
Evaluating a GPS-Based Transportation Device to Support Independent Bus Travel by People With Intellectual Disability
Authors: Davies Daniel K. , Stock Steven E. , Holloway Shane , Wehmeyer Michael L.
Published: December 2010

We examined the utility of a PDA-based software system with integrated GPS technology for providing location-aware visual and auditory prompts to enable people with intellectual disability to successfully navigate a downtown bus route. Participants using the system were significantly more successful at completing a bus route than were people in a control group, who used a map and verbal directions. Further, when using the GPS-based system, 73% of participants successfully rang the bell and exited the bus at the right stop compared with only 8% of the control group. This finding was observed for individuals attempting to follow a new bus route for the first time and get off the bus at a previously unknown location.
Partitioning Reference Intervals by Use of Genetic Information
Authors: Shirts Brian H , Wilson Andrew R , Jackson Brian R
Published: December 2010

BACKGROUND

Reference intervals that incorporate genetic information could reduce the misidentification of unusual test results caused by non–disease-associated genetic variation and increase the detection of results indicating underlying pathology. Subdividing reference groups by genetic effects, however, may lead to increased uncertainty around reference interval endpoints (because of the smaller subgroup sample sizes), thus offsetting any benefits.

METHODS

We evaluated CLSI guidelines to develop a method appropriate for partitioning reference intervals on the basis of genetic variants with dominant or recessive effects. This method uses information available before reference samples are recruited, thus allowing a preliminary decision regarding partitioning to be made before sampling. We used this method to evaluate the example of Gilbert syndrome.

RESULTS

The decision point for partitioning occurs when the percentage of total variance attributable to a dominant or recessive genetic polymorphism exceeds 4%. Similarly, partitioning decision curves are presented based on difference in means between 2 subgroups, sample SD, and subgroup or allele frequency. Laboratory-specific partitioned reference intervals for Gilbert syndrome appear to be statistically warranted for white and African-American populations, but not for Asian populations.

CONCLUSIONS

We present a simple method to evaluate whether partitioning based on dominant or recessive genetic effects is statistically justified. Important limitations remain that, in many situations, will preclude integration of genetic, laboratory, and clinical information. As society moves toward personalized medicine, additional research is needed on how to evaluate patient normality while accounting for additive genetic, multigenic, and other multifactorial effects.
Four Decades of Local Historic District Designation: A Case Study of Newport, Rhode Island
Authors: Anderheggen Shantia
Published: December 2010

For over forty years, Newport, Rhode Island has sought to preserve much of the city's historic architecture through a local preservation by-law. The work of the Newport Historic District Commission, comprised of volunteer residents appointed by the local city council, has dominated the city's historic preservation values and approach. Not uncommon to many preservation efforts, the emphasis has been almost exclusively on aesthetic rather than contextual values, and has resulted in local practice and preferences that often overlook the associative significance of local historic and cultural resources. This paper seeks to examine the genesis and impact of this approach to historic preservation efforts in Newport.
Emphasis on the Public
Authors: Burchall Leondra N.
Published: December 2010

St. George's, Bermuda received World Heritage status in 2000, and today many of the island's majority Black population still don't know what that means. Is it because we aren't educating or marketing this “achievement” or do the peripheral voices and marginal communities view the designation as unimportant or an imposition? This case study examines the importance of examining the disparity in how we, and our public, interpret and value history. My job is to examine these acts of inclusion/exclusion and shift the balance with programs like “Bringing History to Life,” a student summer workshop series that uses different mediums to interrogate history.
Where is the History in Historic Districts—Some Concluding Thoughts
Authors: O'Bannon Patrick W.
Published: December 2010

This paper offers concluding statements on the papers presented as part of the working group “Where is the History in Historic Districts,” presented at the 2009 NCPH Annual Conference in Providence, Rhode Island. The working group addressed important questions regarding whose history is presented in historic districts and whether architecture is privileged over history in the delineation and designation of districts. Districts are bureaucratic constructs. They must preserve tangible, physical remainders of the past, but the history that those artifacts present may be as restrictive or as inclusive as promoters, government officials, residents, and public historians choose.
Uso combinado de modelos de estresse no trabalho e a saúde auto-referida na enfermagem
Authors: Griep Rosane Härter , Rotenberg Lúcia , Landsbergis Paul , Vasconcellos-Silva Paulo Roberto
Published: December 2010

OBJETIVO: Identificar combinações de dois modelos do estresse psicossocial do trabalho em equipes de enfermagem e sua associação com a saúde auto-referida. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com trabalhadoras de três hospitais públicos do Município do Rio de Janeiro, RJ (N=1307). Foi aplicado questionário multidimensional que incluiu duas escalas de estresse no trabalho (modelo demanda-controle e desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa) em 2006. Foram considerados o modelo demanda e controle parcial e completo (inclui apoio social no trabalho), assim como o esforço e recompensa parcial e completo (inclui excesso de comprometimento com o trabalho). Modelos de regressão múltipla foram utilizados para estimar razões de chances ajustadas e seus respectivos intervalos com 95% de confiança. RESULTADOS: As dimensões de ambos os modelos estiveram independentemente associadas à situação de saúde, com odds ratios entre 1,70 e 3,37. O modelo parcial demanda-controle mostrou-se menos associado à saúde (OR = 1,79; IC95% 1,26;2,53) quando comparado ao de desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa (OR=2,27; IC95% 1,57;3,30). A incorporação do apoio social e do excesso de comprometimento com o trabalho aumentou a força de associação dos modelos demanda-controle e desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa, respectivamente. Foi observado aumento na força de associação quando os dois modelos parciais foram combinados. CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicam melhor desempenho do modelo desequilíbrio esforço-recompensa para este grupo específico e para o desfecho avaliado e vantagem do uso de modelos completos ou do uso combinado em modelos parciais.
Modelos de assistência ao parto e taxa de cesárea em diferentes países
Authors: Patah Luciano Eduardo Maluf , Malik Ana Maria
Published: December 2010

Revisão bibliográfica que descreve as taxas de cesárea em diferentes países e os modelos de atenção ao parto de acordo com o uso de tecnologias assistenciais. Foram analisados 60 estudos publicados entre 1999 e 2010, obtidos nas bases de dados da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior e ProQuest. O modelo de assistência obstétrica praticado no país baseia-se na relação médico-paciente, ao grau de utilização de tecnologias e à realização do parto cesáreo.
Análise de informes publicitários distribuídos em farmácias e drogarias
Authors: Galato Dayani , Pereira Greicy Borges , Valgas Cleidson
Published: December 2010

Análise documental com o objetivo de avaliar informes publicitários distribuídos em farmácias e drogarias quanto a sua adequação às Resoluções da Diretoria Colegiada 102/2000 e 96/2008 da Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária. Informes publicitários distribuídos em cinco farmácias e drogarias de Tubarão, SC, foram coletados entre maio e novembro de 2008. Os 17 informes analisados divulgavam 2.444 produtos, sendo 680 medicamentos. Destes, 13,7% eram tarjados, a metade não apresentava o número de registro no Ministério da Saúde e entre os que apresentavam este dado, 77,9% não conferiam. Informações sobre indicação e segurança dos medicamentos foram omitidas. Os resultados evidenciam que os informes não estão de acordo com as resoluções consideradas.
Assessing the validity of a food frequency questionnaire among low-income women in São Paulo, southeastern Brazil
Authors: Cardoso Marly Augusto , Tomita Luciana Yuki , Laguna Elaine Cristina
Published: December 2010

This study describes the validity of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in 93 low-income women (20-65 years), participating in a case-control study in São Paulo, Brazil. Two FFQ (FFQ1 and FFQ2, 12 months apart) and three 24-hour dietary recalls (24hR) were conducted between 2003 and 2004 to estimate dietary intake during the past year. The Pearson correlation coefficients (crude, energy-adjusted and de-attenuated) were used for comparisons between FFQ and 24hR. The agreement between the methods was further examined by the Bland-Altman analysis. For the assessment of long-term reliability, the energy-adjusted intra-class correlation coefficients were mostly around 0.40, but higher for vitamin A and folate (0.50-0.56). Energy-adjusted, attenuation-corrected Pearson validity correlations between FFQ and DR ranged from 0.30-0.54 for macronutrients to 0.20-0.48 for micronutrients, with higher value for calcium (0.75). There were small proportions of grossly misclassified nutrient intakes, while Bland-Altman plots indicated that the FFQ is accurate in assessing nutrient intake at a group level.
Validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess the consumption of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables among adolescents: the method of triads
Authors: Slater Betzabeth , Enes Carla Cristina , López Rossana Verónica Mendoza , Damasceno Nágila Raquel Teixeira , Voci Silvia Maria
Published: December 2010

The aim of this study was to validate the intake of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables estimated by the Food Frequency Questionnaire for Adolescents (FFQA) using the method of triads. Blood samples were collected from 80 elementary school adolescents to assess serum levels of β-carotene. Partial correlation coefficients (r) were calculated between an estimated intake of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables and the serum levels of β-carotene. Validity coefficients were calculated using the method of triads. With the exception of carotenoids, partial r from the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) were greater than those of the 24-hour recall (24hR). The fruit/vegetable group showed the highest partial r for the FFQ (r = 0.235) and the 24hR (r = 0.137). The highest validity coefficient was obtained for the vegetable group, as assessed by the FFQ (r = 0.873). On average, the validity coefficient values for the FFQ were greater than those obtained for the 24hR or the β-carotene serum levels. The FFQA is an accurate tool for estimating the intake of carotenoids, fruits and vegetables in this population group.
Diet quality index adjusted for energy requirements in adults
Authors: Jaime Patricia Constante , Bandoni Daniel Henrique , Duran Ana Clara da Fonseca Leitão , Fisberg Regina Mara
Published: December 2010

This study aimed to develop a diet quality index (DQI-a) adjusted for energy requirement. Dietary intake of adults was assessed using 24-hour food recall. The DQI was developed for scores evenly distributed across ten items characterizing different aspects of diet: food groups, nutrients, and variety. The components categorized under the food groups from the Dietary Guide for Brazilians were adjusted according to the estimated energy requirements of the population studied. Index consistency and correlation with nutrients of the diet was analyzed by Cronbach's alpha. A total of 737 individuals were assessed and energy requirements ranged from 1,800 to 2,500kcal among women and 2,500 to 3,400kcal in men. The food group with greatest variation in total portions was cereals and tubers. Cronbach's alpha of the DQI-a was 0.643 and the index correlated with most of the nutrients. The DQI-a can be considered a valuable instrument for assessing diet quality of the Brazilian population.
Sources of variation of energy and nutrient intake among adolescents in São Paulo, Brazil
Authors: Verly Junior Eliseu , Fisberg Regina Mara , Cesar Chester Luis Galvão , Marchioni Dirce Maria Lobo
Published: December 2010

The aim of the current study was to describe the sources of variation of energy and nutrient intake and to calculate the number of repetitions of diet measurements to estimate usual intake in adolescents from São Paulo, Brazil. Data was collected using 24-hour dietary recalls (24hR) in 273 adolescents between 2007 and 2008. Individuals completed a repeat 24hR around two months later. The sources of variation were estimated using the random effect model. Variance ratios (within-person to between-person variance ratio) and the number of repetitions of 24hR to estimate usual intake were calculated. The principal source of variation was due to within-person variance. The contribution of day of week and month of year was less than 8%. Variations ranged from 1.15 for calcium to 7.31 for vitamin E. The number of 24hR repeats required to estimate usual intake varied according to nutrient and gender, numbering 15 for males and 8 for females.
Per capita versus adult-equivalent estimates of calorie availability in household budget surveys
Authors: Claro Rafael Moreira , Levy Renata Bertazzi , Bandoni Daniel Henrique , Mondini Lenise
Published: December 2010

This study aims to estimate an adult-equivalent scale for calorie requirements and to determine the differences between adult-equivalent and per capita measurements of calorie availability in the Brazilian population. The study used data from the 2002-2003 Brazilian Household Budget Survey. The calorie requirement for a reference adult individual was based on the mean requirements for adult males and females (2,550kcal/day). The conversion factors were defined as the ratios between the calorie requirements for each age group and gender and that of the reference adult. The adult-equivalent calorie availability levels were higher than the per capita levels, with the largest differences in rural and low-income households. Differences in household calorie availability varied from 22kcal/day (households with adults and an adolescent) to 428kcal/day (households with elderly individuals), thus showing that per capital measurements can underestimate the real calorie availability, since they overlook differences in household composition.
Tematizando o ritual de linguagem
Authors: Pimentel Renata Marcelle Lara
Published: December 2010

O ritual é tratado, neste estudo, como linguagem, considerando a falha elemento constitutivo da língua. Como a ideologia se materializa nas práticas rituais, e estas falham, há possíveis bloqueios na ordem ideológica. Explorando contribuições de Louis Althusser, Michel Pêcheux encontra nas teorizações do autor sobre o ritual a falha como a possibilidade mesma da resistência, pois o assujeitamento, questão incontornável para o sujeito, ao mesmo tempo livre e responsável, não acontece sem brechas na interpelação. Proximidades e distanciamentos entre Pêcheux e Foucault também são requeridos para se pensar o ritual de linguagem. Explicitações, diálogos e confrontos teóricos mobilizam a busca por compreender o ritual em sua sujeição a falhar para, assim, pensar o ritual telejornalístico, constituído pela falha , nos domínios próprios da Análise de Discurso francesa pêcheutiana. A tese defendida é de que no mesmo ponto de encontro material que se produz o efeito de evidência este se desfaz.
Ação social midiatizada: analisando a recontextualização de um evento social
Authors: Gomes Maria Carmen Aires
Published: December 2010

O objetivo deste artigo é discutir a construção do acontecimento midiático a partir de uma visão sociodiscursiva, e ilustrar como um mesmo acontecimento é instanciado em três gêneros distintos: capa de revista semanal, sumário de revista semanal e uma publicidade, com o intuito de discutir como se constitui a ação social midiatizada nestes três gêneros discursivos, extraídos da revista semanal Veja de 23 de fevereiro de 1994. Para discutir tal questão, valho-me dos estudos discursivos críticos desenvolvidos por Norman Fairclough (2003) e dos trabalhos sobre Semiótica Social, especificamente a Gramática do Design Visual, cunhada por Gunther Kress e Theo van Leeuwen (1996), e dos estudos sobre mídia de Patrick Charaudeau (2006). Os três gêneros, por meio das imagens e textos verbais, recriam as narrativas em torno do acontecimento, selecionando informações específicas, gerando discursos particulares, em função do contexto institucional. Dessa forma, os gêneros institucionalizam os caminhos para a regularização da interação e da ação social.