bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Sonochemical Preparation and Subsequent Fixation of Oxygen‐Free Graphene Sheets at N,N‐Dimethyloctylamine‐Aqua Boundary
Authors: Trusova Elena A. , Kotsareva Klara V. , Kirichenko Alexey N. , Abramchuk Sergey S. , Perezhogin Igor A.
Published: January 2018

In this study, the syntheses of oxygen‐free graphene sheets and the method of its fixation at an oil‐aqua interface were presented. The graphene sheets were prepared by exfoliation of synthetic graphite powder in an aqua‐organic medium under ultrasound irradiation. N,N‐Dimethyloctylamine‐ (DMOA‐) aqua emulsion was used as the liquid medium, and pH was equal to 3. The obtained graphene nanosuspension was fractionated by sedimentation and decanted according to the weight. The graphene nanoparticle fractions, differing in configuration and number of layers, have been characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron diffraction, HRTEM, Raman spectroscopy, and electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS). It was found that using a DMOA‐aqua mixture as the liquid medium in ultrasonic treatment of synthetic graphite leads to the formation of oxygen‐free 1‐2‐layer graphene sheets attached to the DMOA‐aqua interface. The proposed method differs from known ones by using a small amount of more environmentally friendly organic substances. It allows to obtain large quantities of oxygen‐free graphene, and finally unconverted graphite can be directed for reuse. The proposed method allows to obtain both 2D graphene sheets with micron linear dimensions and 3D packages with a high content of defects. Both these species are in demand in areas related to the development of new materials with unique electrophysical properties.
Interactions of Bargaining Power and Introduction of Online Channel in Two Competing Supply Chains
Authors: Wei Jie , Shao Tong , Zhao Jing
Published: January 2018

This paper studies the effect of dual-channel format on supply chain’s competition ability and the effect of different bargaining powers on the competition between two supply chains and the optimal pricing decisions of all supply chain members when one supply chain introduces an online retailing channel. We develop four game models and obtain the optimal pricing decisions in closed form of these models and give some sensitivity analysis through numerical approach. Some new managerial insights are obtained as follows: Regardless of the two supply chain members’ bargaining forms, the optimal price, the maximal demand, and the maximal profit decrease as the self-price sensitivity decreases. The industry holds advantage in getting higher profit when the supply chain without online retailing channel is led by the retailer. In addition, we find that a manufacturer as a leader of its supply chain can get more profit when the competing supply chain’s leader is the manufacturer than when the competing supply chain’s leader is the retailer.
Short-Term Outcome of Patients with Cirrhosis and Concurrent Portal Cavernoma Presenting with Acute Variceal Bleeding
Authors: Luo Xuefeng , Wang Wanqin , Fan Xiaoli , Zhao Ying , Wang Xiaoze , Yang Jinlin , Yang Li
Published: January 2018

Background and Aim. The outcome of cirrhotic patients with main portal vein occlusion and portal cavernoma after the first episode of acute variceal bleeding (AVB) is unknown. We compared short-term outcomes after AVB in cirrhotic patients with and without portal cavernoma. Methods. Between January 2009 and September 2014, 28 patients with cirrhosis and portal cavernoma presenting with the first occurrence of AVB and 56 age-, sex-, and Child-Pugh score-matched cirrhotic patients without portal cavernoma were included. The primary endpoints were 5-day treatment failure and 6-week mortality. Results. The 5-day treatment failure rate was higher in the cavernoma group than in the control group (32.1% versus 12.5%; p=0.031). The 6-week mortality rate did not differ between the cavernoma and control group (25% versus 12.5%, p=0.137). Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analyses revealed that 5-day treatment failure (HR = 1.223, 95% CI = 1.082 to 1.384; p=0.001) independently predicted 6-week mortality. Conclusions. Cirrhotic patients with AVB and portal cavernoma have worse short-term prognosis than patients without portal cavernoma. The 5-day treatment failure was an independent risk factor for 6-week mortality in patients with cirrhosis and portal cavernoma.
Fc-Mediated Anomalous Biodistribution of Therapeutic Antibodies in Immunodeficient Mouse Models
Authors: Sharma Sai Kiran , Chow Andrew , Monette Sebastien , Vivier Delphine , Pourat Jacob , Edwards Kimberly J. , Dilling Thomas R. , Abdel-Atti Dalya , Zeglis Brian M. , Poirier John T. , Lewis Jason S.
Published: January 2018

A critical benchmark in the development of antibody-based therapeutics is demonstration of efficacy in preclinical mouse models of human disease, many of which rely on immunodeficient mice. However, relatively little is known about how the biology of various immunodeficient strains impacts the in vivo fate of these drugs. Here we used immunoPET radiotracers prepared from humanized, chimeric, and murine mAbs against four therapeutic oncologic targets to interrogate their biodistribution in four different strains of immunodeficient mice bearing lung, prostate, and ovarian cancer xenografts. The immunodeficiency status of the mouse host as well as both the biological origin and glycosylation of the antibody contributed significantly to the anomalous biodistribution of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies in an Fc receptor-dependent manner. These findings may have important implications for the preclinical evaluation of Fc-containing therapeutics and highlight a clear need for biodistribution studies in the early stages of antibody drug development.

Significance: Fc/FcγR-mediated immunobiology of the experimental host is a key determinant to preclinical in vivo tumor targeting and efficacy of therapeutic antibodies. Cancer Res; 78(7); 1820–32. ©2018 AACR.
NK Cells Control Tumor-Promoting Function of Neutrophils in Mice
Authors: Ogura Keisuke , Sato-Matsushita Marimo , Yamamoto Seiji , Hori Takashi , Sasahara Masakiyo , Iwakura Yoichiro , Saiki Ikuo , Tahara Hideaki , Hayakawa Yoshihiro
Published: January 2018

Although natural killer (NK) cells are recognized as direct antitumor effectors, the ability of NK cells to control cancer-associated inflammation, which facilitates tumor progression, remains unknown. In this study, we demonstrate that NK cells control tumor-promoting inflammation through functional modification of neutrophils. NK cells control the tumor-promoting function of neutrophils through an IFNγ-dependent mechanism. Tumor progression in an NK cell–depleted host is diminished when the IL17A–neutrophil axis is absent. In NK cell–depleted mice, neutrophils acquire a tumor-promoting phenotype, characterized by upregulation of VEGF-A expression, which promotes tumor growth and angiogenesis. A VEGFR inhibitor which preferentially suppressed tumor growth in NK cell–depleted mice was dependent on neutrophils. Furthermore, the systemic neutropenia caused by an antimetabolite treatment showed an anticancer effect only in mice lacking NK cells. Thus, NK cells likely control the tumor-promoting and angiogenic function of neutrophils. Cancer Immunol Res; 6(3); 348–57. ©2018 AACR.
Differential Expression of MiR-106b-5p and MiR-200c-3p in Newly Diagnosed Versus Chronic Primary Immune Thrombocytopenia Patients Based on Systematic Analysis
Authors: Qian Cheng , Yan Wenying , Li Tengda , Cui Qingya , Liu Peng , Gu Mingli , Guo Jie , Zhang Weiwei , Ren Chuanlu , Wu Tianqin , Deng Anmei
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been described to have important roles in primary immune thrombocytopenia (ITP). To gain additional understanding, we have now further evaluated the involvement of miRNAs in ITP. Methods: Microarray experiments were performed to examine the expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs in samples from subjects with newly diagnosed ITP (G1), chronic ITP (G2), and normal controls. The systematic Pipeline of Outlier MicroRNA Analysis framework was applied to identify key miRNAs expressed in the G1 and G2 samples. Quantitative PCR and receiver operator characteristic curves were used to confirm the performance of key miRNAs. Results: Compared with normal controls, 14 miRNAs (12 over-expressed and 2 under-expressed) and 7 over-expressed miRNAs were identified as key in G1 and G2 samples, respectively. miR-106b-5p, miR-200c-3p, and miR-92a-3p exhibited significantly different expression profiles among the groups. In particular, miR-106b-5p and miR-200c-3p were expressed at higher levels in patients with ITP compared to the normal controls. Furthermore, these two miRNAs expressions were even higher in patients with chronic ITP. Conclusion: MiR-106b-5p and miR-200c-3p may represent valuable biomarkers of ITP, although further studies are needed to confirm and assess the value of these potential biomarkers at various stages of ITP.
NF-κB-Induced MicroRNA-211 Inhibits Interleukin-10 in Macrophages of Rats with Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome
Authors: Wang Shengyun , Li Zhenjie , Chen Qitong , Wang Lv , Zheng Jinhao , Lin Zhaofen , Li Wenfang
Published: January 2018

Background/Aims: The present study addressed the potential involvement of microRNAs in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-related inflammation and elucidates the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods: ARDS rat model was established by lipopolysaccharide, with compromised gas exchange capacity and lung edema. The inflammatory cells from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were profiled with automatic blood cell analyzer. The relative fluorescence intensity of BALF-derived macrophages was analyzed by flow cytometry. The relative microRNA expression was determined using microarray and Taqman assay. The secretory interleukin (IL)-10 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Luciferase reporter assay was performed to determine the regulatory effects of miR-211 and NF-κB on IL-10 and miR-211 expressions, respectively. Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) was conducted to detect the direct binding of NK-κB on miR-211 promoter. The protein level was determined by Western blot. Results: The provoked acute inflammation was characterized with increased total cells, macrophages, neutrophils and lymphocytes. The relative expression of miR-211 was aberrantly up-regulated in BALF-derived macrophages from ARDS rats, which was accompanied with reduction of secretory IL-10. We further demonstrated that miR-211 inhibited IL-10 expression by binding to its 3’-UTR. The expression of miR-211 was modulated by NF-κB. Conclusion: Here we elucidated a crucial role of NF-κB/miR-211/IL-10 signaling axis in ARDS-related inflammation.
Stabilization of Olecranon Fractures by Tension Band Wiring or Plate Osteosynthesis: A Retrospective Study of 41 Cases
Authors: Boursier Jean-François , Corbeau Solène , Decambron Adeline , Viateau Véronique , Fayolle Pascal , Bedu Anne-Sophie , Leperlier Dimitri , Manassero Mathieu , Fournet Alexandre
Published: January 2018

Objectives This article aimed to describe olecranon fracture in dogs and cats and their stabilization with tension band wiring or plate osteosynthesis, and to evaluate complications associated with each technique.

Methods Medical records of cats and dogs that had been surgically treated for olecranon fractures with either tension band wiring or plate osteosynthesis were retrospectively reviewed. The surgical technique, complications and long-term outcomes were assessed.

Results Forty-one olecranon fractures were included. Fractures were articular, comminuted and open in 90, 31 and 27% of cases, respectively. Tension band wiring and plate osteosynthesis were performed in 22 and 19 fractures, respectively. Complications occurred more commonly after tension band wiring (74%) compared with plate osteosynthesis (27%) (p = 0.002) and these were probably related to it being used in comminuted fractures (p = 0.01) or to errors in technique. Minor complications included Kirschner wires migration (n = 5), pain (n = 3), osteomyelitis (n = 3), skin breakdown (n = 3) and seroma (n = 1). Implant failure requiring further fixation (n = 4) was observed only in the tension band wiring group. Other major complications included skin wound debridement and closure (n = 1) and chronic lameness requiring implant removal (n = 7). Long-term functional outcomes were excellent regardless of the technique used.

Clinical Significance Plate osteosynthesis should be performed for olecranon fracture repair if technically feasible.
Alternância dativa sob a perspectiva da Gramática de Construções: uma análise do verbo senden
Authors: Heluany Anna Carolina
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho apresenta uma análise da alternância dativa do verbo senden da língua alemã. Os pressupostos teóricos da Gramática de Construções postulados por GOLDBERG (1995) no que concerne aos bitransitivos e suas paráfrases preposicionais e a abordagem da sensitividade ao núcleo verbal de RAPPAPORT HOVAV E LEVIN (2008) são comparados e utilizados como ferramenta de análise do corpus.Por meio deles, analisa-se se as construções constituídas pelo verbo senden e o sintagma preposicional an denotam um evento de posse causada ou de movimento causado. Apresentam-se preceitos abordados por Adler (2011) em seus estudos sobre a alternância dativa na língua alemã, que auxiliam na distinção do evento denotado pela construção. Assim, a pesquisa realizada corrobora as reflexões da autora sobre a nova faceta da preposição an que aparece em verbos de transferência – o addressee-an, sustentando sua argumentação sobre o fato de que não são as variantes do objeto duplo (dativo), ou do sintagma preposicional (no caso, an) as responsáveis pelo evento denotado pela construção, mas sim os argumentos que a constituem. Essa pesquisa também propõe outro tipo de classificação para a análise de verbos da língua alemã que denotam eventos de transferência em orações destituídas de agente volitivo: evento causal como transferência (GOLDBERG 1995), no qual X CAUSA Y (AFETADO)A RECEBER Z (EFEITO).
Aprendizagem da língua alemã em contexto universitário por meio da produção de textos associada à tradução
Authors: Evangelista Maria Cristina Reckziegel Guedes
Published: January 2018

Este trabalho fundamenta-se em estudos sobre a tradução como recurso metodológico no ensino e na aprendizagem de línguas estrangeiras. O contexto de pesquisa é a fase inicial de aprendizagem da língua alemã no 1º ano de um curso de Letras. Os estudantes produziram um texto autodescritivo em língua alemã, comentado e corrigido pela troca de e-mails com a professora-pesquisadora. Na sequência, os textos foram distribuídos aleatoriamente aos membros do grupo, que os traduziram para o português. Para a análise, os textos-fonte foram alinhados às traduções com auxílio de um software gerenciador de memória de tradução. Com base em CACHO E BRANCO (2014) e em critérios elaborados a partir de AUBERT (1998), SCOTT (1998 apud LIMA 2004) e CHESTERMAN (1997 apud CACHO; BRANCO 2014), observou-se a aproximação das traduções com a língua-alvo (normalização)ou a manutenção de características da língua-fonte, bem como problemas tradutórios. Tais critérios mostraram-se adequados para verificar como os aprendizes compreendem vocabulário e estruturas da língua alemã. Com objetivos semelhantes, outros aprendizes de alemão compararam os textos nas duas línguas, comentando as traduções. Observou-se que atividades de tradução motivam os aprendizes e auxiliam a aprendizagem, permitindo abordar questões linguísticas e culturais.
Selvagens e pactos demoníacos. Observações sobre um conto de Wilhelm Raabe
Authors: Galle Helmut
Published: January 2018

A narrativa “Zum wilden Mann” (1874) de Wilhelm Raabe apresenta a história de uma farmácia na província alemã e do seu dono, observando os princípios estilísticos do realismo poético, a tendência literária dominante na segunda metade do século 19 nos países de língua alemã. A despeito da localização no mundo contemporâneo de Raabe e seus leitores, a trama e os protagonistas apresentam traços que remetem à esfera fantástica de pactos demoníacos e homens selvagens. Esses elementos interferem com a esfera realista das relações econômicas entre os protagonistas, baseadas- em empréstimos, juros e o comércio globalizado, e aludem aos aspectos inumanos dos negócios modernos. Divergente da prática cultural geral, Raabe atribui o “selvagem” e o “diabólico” às “conquistas” recentes da civilização que emergem de forma similar na Alemanha e nas antigas colônias. O Brasil traçado pela narrativa, em vez de ser um ambiente exótico, é apenas um outro cenário dos processos industriais e comerciais.
Am sausenden Webstuhl der Zeit”: As tramas extemporâneas na Viagem à Itália de Goethe
Authors: Guimarães Gabriel Alonso
Published: January 2018

O biênio de 2016-2017 marca o duplo centenário da publicação original da Viagem à Itália, de Goethe. Depois de décadas de distância, Goethe finalmente publica esse que seria seu testemunho formativo, a autobiografia de uma transformação radical. A história do texto e da viagem que lhe deu origem revela, porém, que esse enredo não é tão simples e unidirecional, mas está permeado de hesitações e retomadas, cenas míticas e retornos anacrônicos. A intenção desse artigo é mapear, assim, as múltiplas camadas – para usar o modelo geológico de Reinhart Koselleck – de tempo e, principalmente, de extemporaneidade que se entretecem no relato italiano. Pretendemos chamar a atenção para algumas (outras) riquezas da obra goethiana: seu intenso páthos memorativo, sua oposição aos grandes de seu século, sua entronização na literatura alemã, entre outras.
Accuracy of Prediction Instruments for Diagnosing Large Vessel Occlusion in Individuals With Suspected Stroke: A Systematic Review for the 2018 Guidelines for the Early Management of Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke
Authors: Smith Eric E. , Kent David M. , Bulsara Ketan R. , Leung Lester Y. , Lichtman Judith H. , Reeves Mathew J. , Towfighi Amytis , Whiteley William N. , Zahuranec Darin B.
Published: January 2018

Introduction—

Endovascular thrombectomy is a highly efficacious treatment for large vessel occlusion (LVO). LVO prediction instruments, based on stroke signs and symptoms, have been proposed to identify stroke patients with LVO for rapid transport to endovascular thrombectomy–capable hospitals. This evidence review committee was commissioned by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association to systematically review evidence for the accuracy of LVO prediction instruments.

Methods—

Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched on October 27, 2016. Study quality was assessed with the Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy-2 tool.

Results—

Thirty-six relevant studies were identified. Most studies (21 of 36) recruited patients with ischemic stroke, with few studies in the prehospital setting (4 of 36) and in populations that included hemorrhagic stroke or stroke mimics (12 of 36). The most frequently studied prediction instrument was the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale. Most studies had either some risk of bias or unclear risk of bias. Reported discrimination of LVO mostly ranged from 0.70 to 0.85, as measured by the C statistic. In meta-analysis, sensitivity was as high as 87% and specificity was as high as 90%, but no threshold on any instruments predicted LVO with both high sensitivity and specificity. With a positive LVO prediction test, the probability of LVO could be 50% to 60% (depending on the LVO prevalence in the population), but the probability of LVO with a negative test could still be ≥10%.

Conclusions—

No scale predicted LVO with both high sensitivity and high specificity. Systems that use LVO prediction instruments for triage will miss some patients with LVO and milder stroke. More prospective studies are needed to assess the accuracy of LVO prediction instruments in the prehospital setting in all patients with suspected stroke, including patients with hemorrhagic stroke and stroke mimics.
Parental Credit Constraints and Child College Attendance
Authors: Ringo Daniel
Published: January 2018

Parents in the United States frequently supplement the student loans available to their children by cosigning on a loan, borrowing against their home equity, or with unsecured debt in their own names. This paper investigates whether some students are constrained from attending and completing college by their parents’ lack of access to credit markets by linking individual parental credit scores to their children's educational attainment. I find that good parental credit significantly improves the child's probability of attending college. Suggestive evidence is provided that the estimated relationship may be causal and not biased by omitted factors, such as unobserved ability or other personality characteristics.
Who Speaks for China?
Authors: DeHart Monica
Published: January 2018

Drawing on ethnographic analysis of a Confucius Institute and two private schools, this article analyzes how diverse Chinese language institutes in Costa Rica have sought to capitalize on a growing local interest in learning Mandarin Chinese. It argues that a shifting global geopolitics has increased the perceived value of Chinese language acquisition and, thus, the stakes for language institutes seeking to assert their cultural authority as legitimate purveyors of Chinese and Chineseness. Through analysis of these schools’ projected identities and pedagogical styles, I show how they distinguish themselves from one another on the basis of public versus private ownership, choice-based versus authoritarian instructional style, and Taiwanese versus Mainland or diasporic roots. Building on the concept of the “Sinophone,” I highlight both the diversity of the forms and locations of Chineseness these initiatives represent and their implications for who can legitimately speak for China in Costa Rica.
Contested Encounters
Authors: Harris Karen L.
Published: January 2018

This article focuses on China’s initial encounter with the African continent from the perspective of a select literature overview. It reflects on the very earliest contacts between dynastic China and ancient Africa and shows that the current contestation in the Western media as well as literature over this more recent contact is not new. Given the dearth and disparate nature of the information on these first encounters, it does this through the lens of what has been written on the subject of the speculated first contact in a selection of secondary English-language literature. It does so by considering the prevalence of such literature in three distinct periods: prior to 1949; from 1950 to 1990; and a selection of research published thereafter. It shows that China’s encounter with Africa reaches far back into the history of the continent, but more importantly so does the volatile contestation surrounding the contemporary contact.
The Silver Triton
Authors: Dorin Alan , Anagnostou-Laoutides Eva
Published: January 2018

This article assesses the imperial Roman technological options and cultural impetus for constructing and displaying an automaton Triton. Suetonius reports that such a figure announced the commencement of a staged sea battle organised by Emperor Claudius to entertain the Roman citizens in 52 CE. This automaton, whose feasibility we assess, fits neatly as an application of the pneumatic techniques summarised by Heron of Alexandria, who was probably alive at the time. By drawing attention to this little discussed passage of Suetonius, our article corroborates the idea that these techniques were useful – here contributing to the “media-image” and audio-visual culture of Claudius’ imperial agenda – and that their wondrous effects provided an intellectual bridge between their practical utility and their ability to contribute to the philosophy of science and technology.
The Light of the Emotions
Authors: Giacomoni Paola
Published: January 2018

The study of emotions is one of the most interesting, and interdisciplinary topic in contemporary international research, but it is rarely supported by a substantial historical background. This essay aims at reconstructing one of the most significant turning points in the field of affective studies in the seventeenth Century French culture. René Descartes’ last work, Les Passions de l’ âme, proposes an innovative, scientific approach to the study of emotions and their expression, based on a new theory of perception and light. The role played by the visible expression of passions in Descartes’ treatise inaugurates a new and fruitful path of research. Furthermore, the essay analyzes the writings by the painter Charles Le Brun, who proposes a visual interpretation of the expression of emotions, and some works by the physician Marin Cureau de la Chambre, who interprets the passions and their expression from a medical and optical perspective.
The original descriptions of reptiles and their subspecies
Authors: UETZ PETER , STYLIANOU ALEXANDREA
Published: January 2018

By August 2017 an estimated 13,047 species and subspecies of extant reptiles have been described by a total of 6,454 papers and books which are listed in a supplementary file. For 1,052 species a total of 2,452 subspecies (excluding nominate subspecies) had been described by 2017, down from 1,295 species and 4,411 subspecies in 2009, due to the elevation of many subspecies to species. Here we summarize the history of these taxon description beginning with Linnaeus in 1758. While it took 80 years to reach the first 1,000 species in 1838, new species and subspecies descriptions since then have been added at a roughly constant rate of 1000 new taxa every 12-17 years. The only exception were the decades during World Wars I and II and the beginning of this millennium when the rate of descriptions increased to now about 7 years for the last 1,000 taxa. The top 101 most productive herpetologists (in terms of “taxon output”) have described more than 8,000 species and subspecies, amounting to over 60% of all currently valid taxa. More than 90% of all species were described in either English (68.2%), German (12.7%) or French (9.3%).
High-Resolution Historical Climate Simulations over Alaska
Authors: Monaghan Andrew J. , Clark Martyn P. , Barlage Michael P. , Newman Andrew J. , Xue Lulin , Arnold Jeffrey R. , Rasmussen Roy M.
Published: January 2018

Weather and climate variability strongly influence the people, infrastructure, and economy of Alaska. However, the sparse observational network in Alaska limits our understanding of meteorological variability, particularly of precipitation processes that influence the hydrologic cycle. Here, a new 14-yr (September 2002–August 2016) dataset for Alaska with 4-km grid spacing is described and evaluated. The dataset, generated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) Model, is useful for gaining insight into meteorological and hydrologic processes, and provides a baseline against which to measure future environmental change. The WRF fields are evaluated at annual, seasonal, and daily time scales against observation-based gridded and station records of 2-m air temperature, precipitation, and snowfall. Pattern correlations between annual mean WRF and observation-based gridded fields are r = 0.89 for 2-m temperature, r = 0.75 for precipitation, r = 0.82 for snow-day fraction, r = 0.55 for first snow day of the season, and r = 0.71 for last snow day of the season. A shortcoming of the WRF dataset is that spring snowmelt occurs too early over a majority of the state, due partly to positive 2-m temperature biases in winter and spring. Strengths include an improved representation of the interannual variability of 2-m temperature and precipitation and accurately simulated (relative to regional station observations) winter and summer precipitation maxima. This initial evaluation suggests that the 4-km WRF climate dataset robustly simulates meteorological processes and recent climatic variability in Alaska. The dataset may be particularly useful for applications that require high-temporal-frequency weather fields, such as driving hydrologic or glacier models. Future studies will provide further insight on its ability to represent other aspects of Alaska’s climate.
A Novel Instrument for Real-Time Measurement of Attenuation of Weather Radar Radome Including Its Outer Surface. Part I: The Concept
Authors: Mancini Alessio , Salazar Jorge L. , Lebrón Rodrigo M. , Cheong Boon Leng
Published: January 2018

This paper presents a unique instrument for characterizing the impact of wet radomes in radar systems. The proposed technique enables full radio frequency (RF) characterization of the radome, by evaluating its performance under a variety of conditions, including dirtiness, wetness, ice formation, and varying temperature, and providing a potential solution for future wet radome calibration methods. The reflections generated from the wet radome surface, measured from a high-resolution probe, are combined with an estimation of water absorption as a function of the precipitation rain rate, to calculate the attenuation introduced by the wet radome. This instrument is a cost-effective solution that can be integrated into an existing or new radar system.
Surgical Fires in Otolaryngology: A Systematic and Narrative Review
Authors: Day Andrew T. , Rivera Erika , Farlow Janice L. , Gourin Christine G. , Nussenbaum Brian
Published: January 2018

Objective

To bring attention to the epidemiology, prevention, management, and consequences of surgical fires in otolaryngology by reviewing the literature.

Data Sources

PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus.

Review Methods

Comprehensive search terms were developed, and searches were performed from data source inception through August 2016. A total of 4506 articles were identified; 2351 duplicates were removed; and 2155 titles and abstracts were independently reviewed. Reference review was also performed. Eligible manuscripts described surgical fires involving patients undergoing otolaryngologic procedures.

Results

Seventy‐two articles describing 87 otolaryngologic surgical fire cases were identified. These occurred during oral cavity or oropharyngeal procedures (11%), endoscopic laryngotracheal procedures (25%), tracheostomies (36%), “other” general anesthesia procedures (3%), and monitored anesthesia care or local procedures (24%). Oxidizing agents consisted of oxygen alone (n = 63 of 81, 78%), oxygen and nitric oxide (n = 17 of 81, 21%), and room air (n = 1 of 81, 1%). The fractional inspired oxygen delivered was >30% in 97% of surgical fires in non–nitrous oxide general anesthesia cases (n = 35 of 36). Laser‐safe tubes were used in only 12% of endoscopic laryngotracheal cases with endotracheal tube descriptions (n = 2 of 17). Eighty‐six percent of patients experienced acute complications (n = 76 of 87), including 1 intraoperative death, and 22% of patients (n = 17 of 77) experienced long‐term complications.

Conclusion

Surgical fires in otolaryngology persist despite aggressive multi‐institutional efforts to curb their incidence. Guideline recommendations to minimize the concentration of delivered oxygen and use laser‐safe tubes when indicated were not observed in many cases. Improved institutional fire safety practices are needed nationally and internationally.
Investigating relationships between ancestry, lifestyle behaviors and perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer among Canadian women with British and with South Asian ancestry
Authors: Curtin Kimberley D , Berry Tanya R , Courneya Kerry S , McGannon Kerry R , Norris Colleen M , Rodgers Wendy M , Spence John C
Published: January 2018

Background:

Ethnic minority groups including Asians in Canada have different knowledge and perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer compared with the ethnic majority group.

Aim:

Examine relationships between perceptions of heart disease and breast cancer, and lifestyle behaviors for Canadian women with British and with South Asian ancestry.

Methods:

Women with South Asian ( n = 170) and with British ( n = 373) ancestry ( Mage = 33.01, SD = 12.86) reported leisure time physical activity, intended fruit and vegetable consumption, disease perceptions (ability to reduce risk, control over getting the diseases, and influence of family history), and demographic information. Mann–Whitney tests and multiple hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the relationships between lifestyle behaviors and disease perceptions, with ancestry explored as a possible moderator.

Results:

Participants with South Asian ancestry believed they had greater ability to reduce their risk and have control over getting breast cancer than participants with British ancestry. Family history influences on getting either disease was perceived as higher for women with British ancestry. Age was positively related to all three perceptions in both diseases. Intended fruit and vegetable consumption was positively related to perceptions of ability to reduce risk and control of both diseases, but was stronger for women with South Asian ancestry regarding perceptions of breast cancer. Leisure time physical activity was positively related to perceptions of control over getting heart disease for women with British ancestry.

Conclusions:

Women’s disease perceptions can vary by ancestry and lifestyle behaviors. Accurate representation of diseases is essential in promoting effective preventative behaviors.
Pre-eclampsia and the risk of autism-spectrum disorder in offspring: meta-analysis
Authors: Dachew Berihun Assefa , Mamun Abdullah , Maravilla Joemer Calderon , Alati Rosa
Published: January 2018

Background

Evidence about the effect of intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia on offspring autism-spectrum disorder (ASD) is not well established.

Aims

To examine the association between pre-eclampsia and ASD.

Method

PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases were searched. Pooled relative risks (RR) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were performed. Heterogeneity was assessed using Cochran'sQ- and theI2−test. The presence of publication bias was evaluated by Egger's test and visual inspection of the symmetry in funnel plots.

Results

Ten studies meet the inclusion criteria. The risk of ASD was 32% higher in offspring who had intrauterine exposure to pre-eclampsia compared with those not exposed (RR = 1.32, 95% CI 1.20–1.45). Sensitivity analysis revealed consistent pooled estimates ranging from RR = 1.30 (95% CI 1.17–1.44) to RR = 1.37 (95% CI 1.26–1.48). We found no significant heterogeneity and evidence of publication bias.

Conclusion

Pre-eclampsia increased the risk of ASD in offspring. The finding suggests a need for early screening for ASD in offspring of women with pre-eclampsia.

Declaration of interest

None.
Improving Breast Cancer Surgical Treatment Decision Making: The iCanDecide Randomized Clinical Trial
Authors: Hawley Sarah T. , Li Yun , An Lawrence C. , Resnicow Kenneth , Janz Nancy K. , Sabel Michael S. , Ward Kevin C. , Fagerlin Angela , Morrow Monica , Jagsi Reshma , Hofer Timothy P. , Katz Steven J.
Published: January 2018

Purpose

This study was conducted to determine the effect of iCanDecide, an interactive and tailored breast cancer treatment decision tool, on the rate of high-quality patient decisions—both informed and values concordant—regarding locoregional breast cancer treatment and on patient appraisal of decision making.

Methods

We conducted a randomized clinical trial of newly diagnosed patients with early-stage breast cancer making locoregional treatment decisions. From 22 surgical practices, 537 patients were recruited and randomly assigned online to the iCanDecide interactive and tailored Web site (intervention) or the iCanDecide static Web site (control). Participants completed a baseline survey and were mailed a follow-up survey 4 to 5 weeks after enrollment to assess the primary outcome of a high-quality decision, which consisted of two components, high knowledge and values-concordant treatment, and secondary outcomes (decision preparation, deliberation, and subjective decision quality).

Results

Patients in the intervention arm had higher odds of making a high-quality decision than did those in the control arm (odds ratio, 2.00; 95% CI, 1.37 to 2.92; P = .0004), which was driven primarily by differences in the rates of high knowledge between groups. The majority of patients in both arms made values-concordant treatment decisions (78.6% in the intervention arm and 81.4% in the control arm). More patients in the intervention arm had high decision preparation (estimate, 0.18; 95% CI, 0.02 to 0.34; P = .027), but there were no significant differences in the other decision appraisal outcomes. The effect of the intervention was similar for women who were leaning strongly toward a treatment option at enrollment compared with those who were not.

Conclusion

The tailored and interactive iCanDecide Web site, which focused on knowledge building and values clarification, positively affected high-quality decisions largely by improving knowledge compared with static online information. To be effective, future patient-facing decision tools should be integrated into the clinical workflow to improve decision making.
EASY—An Instrument for Surveillance of Physical Activity in Youth
Authors: PATE RUSSELL R. , MCIVER KERRY L. , DOWDA MARSHA , SCHENKELBERG MICHAELA A. , BEETS MICHAEL V. , DISTEFANO CHRISTINE
Published: January 2018

Purpose

Physical activity (PA) promotion among youth is a public health priority, and there is a need for robust surveillance systems to help support such initiatives. Existing youth PA self-report instruments that are used for surveillance lack information regarding the types and contexts of activity. Further, these instruments have limited validity with accelerometry. The purpose of the present study was to develop a self-report instrument, with sound psychometric properties, for monitoring compliance with PA guidelines in youth.

Methods

In focus groups, 162 middle school students identified 30 forms of PA that are highly prevalent in that age-group. We incorporated these activities into three preliminary forms of a self-report instrument. An independent sample of middle school students (n = 537) was randomly assigned to complete one of the three preliminary versions of the instrument. Rasch analysis was applied to the responses to the three formats, and a yes/no plus frequency format emerged as the preferred method. A third sample of 342 middle school students then completed the yes/no plus frequency instrument twice after a 7-d period during which they wore an accelerometer. Using both Rasch analysis and traditional correlational methods, validity and reliability of a 14-item instrument were established. Data were collected during 2012–2015.

Results

Spearman correlation coefficient for the association between the cumulative score for the 14 items and minutes per day of accelerometry-derived moderate-to-vigorous physical activity was 0.33 (95% confidence interval = 0.22–0.43, P < 0.001). The sensitivity and specificity values of the 14-item instrument were 0.90 and 0.44, respectively.

Conclusions

The study produced a PA self-report instrument for youth that was found to be reliable (r = 0.91), valid versus accelerometry (r = 0.33), and with acceptable specificity and sensitivity in detecting compliance with PA guidelines.
3D cinematic rendering of the calvarium, maxillofacial structures, and skull base: preliminary observations
Authors: Rowe Steven P , Zinreich S James , Fishman Elliot K
Published: January 2018

Three-dimensional (3D) visualizations of volumetric data from CT have gained widespread clinical acceptance and are an important method for evaluating complex anatomy and pathology. Recently, cinematic rendering (CR), a new 3D visualization methodology, has become available. CR utilizes a lighting model that allows for the production of photorealistic images from isotropic voxel data. Given how new this technique is, studies to evaluate its clinical utility and any potential advantages or disadvantages relative to other 3D methods such as volume rendering have yet to be published. In this pictorial review, we provide examples of normal calvarial, maxillofacial, and skull base anatomy and pathological conditions that highlight the potential for CR images to aid in patient evaluation and treatment planning. The highly detailed images and nuanced shadowing that are intrinsic to CR are well suited to the display of the complex anatomy in this region of the body. We look forward to studies with CR that will ascertain the ultimate value of this methodology to evaluate calvarium, maxillofacial, and skull base morphology as well as other complex anatomic structures.
Quem conhece as ouvidorias públicas? um estudo sobre a imagem percebida por cidadãos de Florianópolis (SC)
Authors: Santos Aline Regina , Costa Jane Iara Pereira da , Burger Fabrício , Borja Guilherme Régis de
Published: January 2018

As ouvidorias públicas são instituições que atuam como interlocutoras entre o cidadão e os órgãos públicos. São normalmente utilizadas quando o cidadão necessita realizar uma reclamação, fazer uma sugestão ou solicitar informação. No Brasil, tornaram-se populares no final da década de 1990, impulsionadas pelo movimento do gerencialismo na administração pública. Em 2014, segundo dados da Ouvidoria-Geral da União (OGU), somavam 285 as ouvidorias públicas dos órgãos vinculados ao Poder Executivo na esfera federal. Entretanto, em que pese sua expansão e relevância, são escassos os estudos sobre ouvidoria pública e, em especial, aqueles cujo sujeito de pesquisa é o cidadão. É nesse cenário que nasce o presente estudo, movido pelo interesse em investigar o nível de conhecimento e a imagem das ouvidorias públicas na percepção de cidadãos. Para tanto, foi empreendida pesquisa survey com 400 pessoas na região central de Florianópolis (SC). Entre os respondentes, 71% manifestaram não saber o que seria uma ouvidoria pública. No procedimento de análise, o teste qui-quadrado confirmou existência de diferenças estatisticamente significativas, especialmente no tocante à ocupação profissional e conhecimento sobre a existência das ouvidorias. Entre os que manifestaram conhecimento, as principais associações são feitas aos termos “reclamação” e “ouvir o cidadão”. Foi observada a predominância de associações neutras e positivas à imagem, revelando boa reputação. Entre as possíveis contribuições de uma ouvidoria pública, destaca-se, na percepção dos respondentes, a facilidade no contato com o órgão público, melhoria na qualidade dos serviços públicos e facilidade na cobrança dos direitos.
Memórias subterrâneas na fotografia de Augusto Malta: Imagens, Disputas e Identidades no Brasil da Modernidade
Authors: Pereira da Silva Sergio Luiz , De Rezende Dolores Eugênia
Published: January 2018

Este artigo tem como objetivo analisar a memória construída através das imagens do fotógrafo Augusto Malta, que documentou um período importante da história da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, as reformulações urbanísticas conhecidas como o “bota-abaixo” ocorridas no início do século XX que visava a inserção do Brasil no ideário da modernidade europeia. Falaremos sobre o impacto dessas reformas sobre a população da cidade. Buscaremos igualmente compreender através da análise iconográfica de algumas de suas imagens, como duas diferentes identidades foram representadas: uma idealizada pelo poder público como Identidade Nacional, representando uma elite sofisticada aos moldes europeus, vivendo numa cidade modernizada, e por outro lado a identidade nacional mais real, de uma população pobre, mestiça e esquecida por esse mesmo poder, vivendo numa cidade decadente, suja e prestes a desaparecer. Sob a luz dos estudos de Memória Social, analisaremos de que maneira podemos perceber uma disputa de memórias.
A questão da autoria: o caso de Alexandre Dumas
Authors: Nogueira Isabella
Published: January 2018

A partir do caso de Alexandre Dumas pai e seus colaboradores vamos falar sobre a questão da autoria. A pergunta inicial é: quem é o autor? Segundo Foucault, no texto O que é um autor (1969), o importante é buscar a dimensão do texto além do próprio nome do autor. Porém, a dimensão individual deve criar um equilíbrio entre vida e obra. Portanto, queremos pensar o que esses escritos trazem para além do autor e o que este traz para esses escritos. A partir do caso Dumas, vamos questionar essa figura autor, fundamental nos estudos da História e da Literatura.
O Caso dos Refugiados Norte-coreanos na Coreia do Sul: Questões sobre Identidade, Nação e Acolhimento
Authors: Mattos Moreira Thiago
Published: January 2018

Este artigo vem analisar o caso dos migrantes norte-coreanos na Coreia do Sul, figuras ambíguas que abarcam em si elementos de refugiado, desertores políticos e co-nacionais em sua nova morada. Através de uma análise histórica e documental das políticas públicas da Coreia do Sul para o Norte, e em especial para com estes indivíduos que vem a sua administração buscar amparo humanitário, este artigo tenta evidenciar as discrepâncias entre uma resiliente narrativa de unidade entre os dois países e a crescente desassociação identitária dentre seus habitantes.  A intenção fundamental é que o estudo deste caso abra portas para abordagens mais plurais sobre as origens e efeitos das identidades nacionais.
Muito além de Vito Corleone: a construção das notícias sobre a comunidade italiana no jornal New York Times na década de 1910
Authors: Alves Isabella Furtado
Published: January 2018

O presente trabalho tem como objetivo estudar as representações da comunidade italiana imigrante entre os anos de 1910 e 1920. Para tal, foram utilizadas as matérias do New York Times desse período. Através da pesquisa pelas palavras chave “italian/italians”, foi possível mapear a construção das notícias sobre esses imigrantes dentro do periódico durante a década de 1910 – que reúne em si uma nova onda imigratória, a Primeira Guerra Mundial e o início da discussão sobre a interrupção oficial da imigração. A partir de leituras de Samuel Baily e Bennedict Anderson, foram estabelecidas as bases teóricas que orientaram a presente análise no sentido de compreender o processo de imigração para além da dicotomia “assimilado/ não assimilado”, e o papel da imprensa como agente social, respectivamente.
Possibilidades de um homem múltiplo – pluralidade identitária e migrações na Índia portuguesa quinhentista
Authors: Borges de Carvalho Nogueira Eduardo
Published: January 2018

Localizada em meio às conjunturas dinâmicas e crescentemente tensas presentes nos domínios portugueses ao redor do Índico, em meados do século XVI, estava a vida do mestiço e casado André Fernandes, réu do Santo Ofício entre as décadas de 1550 e 1560. Originário da ilha de Goa (a cabeça do Império Asiático Português), sua sentença inquisitorial oferece ricos dados tanto sobre aspectos específicos das conjunturas da região sob análise quanto elementos passíveis de interpretação a respeito das relações entre plasticidade identitária e migrações na região e época supracitados.
Morar aqui é “coisa boa”: desvendando o processo de construção das identidades socioterritoriais dos jovens evangélicos que migraram para um empreendimento do Minha Casa Minha Vida na periferia de Juiz de Fora/MG
Authors: Toledo Juliana Aparecida Cantarino
Published: January 2018

O objetivo do artigo é traçar discussões a fim de compreender o processo de re-territorialização dos jovens evangélicos que, em razão da contemplação de suas famílias por residências próprias, migraram para um vultuoso empreendimento edificado por um programa habitacional do Governo Federal. Para a discussão apresentada no texto, partimos do entendimento da juventude como uma categoria múltipla, forjada em seus contextos sociais e do território enquanto apropriação, baseada nas memórias de ocupação do espaço, significado a partir das relações e trajetos diários, tecidos através da ação denominada territorialidade. E ainda, da construção de uma identidade social.