bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Development of a Wear-Resistant Self-Fluxing Thermal Spray Coating by Solid Lubricant Incorporation
Authors: Preuß Bianca , Lindner Thomas , Lampke Thomas , Wietheger Wolfgang
Published: May 2023

Self-fluxing alloys are an established thermal spray system in case of superimposed tribological and corrosive loads. A dense coating with high bonding strength can be formed by fusing. Such coating system represent the state of the art in valve technology. Diamond-like carbon (DLC) top coatings are used for friction-reduction. As an alternative approach, this study focuses on the possibility of incorporating solid lubricants in self-fluxing alloy coatings. This allows for higher local stress and failure tolerance as well as a reduced process chain. Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) was studied as solid lubricant in the self-fluxing alloy NiCrBSiFe. In this preliminary study, the optimization of the MoS2 content with up to 10.0 wt% was performed in spark plasma sintered (SPS) bulk materials. The wear behavior under oscillating wear conditions was investigated. Besides the decrease in coefficient of friction (COF), the wear resistance was increased by incorporating MoS2. Furthermore, the distribution of the solid lubricants within the SPS bulk material and the influence of the production route were analyzed.
Os Movimentos Sociais: uma aproximação da realidade de Viçosa - MG
Authors: Silva Juscelino Marco Aurélio , Junia Marise Matos de Sousa
Published: May 2023

Este trabalho tem por objetivo realizar um mapeamento e panorama geral acerca dos movimentos sociais em Viçosa, com destaque para a sua atuação e organização, seguindo a premissa de que são fontes de inovação e matrizes geradoras de conhecimento. De caráter exploratório, utilizou a ferramenta de questionários semiestruturados, aliados à análise documental e bibliográfica. Categorizando os movimentos sociais por suas principais reivindicações e categorias, os entrevistados foram indagados acerca da especificidade destes. Ademais, 6,06% indicaram que tratam sobre questões ambientais; 18,18% como movimento estudantil; 6,06% como organização sindical; 6,06% como associação; 51,52% como questão representativa ou identitária; 3,03% como movimento de demonstração de fé; 3,03% como causa animal; 3,03% como causas relacionadas à habitação e 3,03% como educação popular. Com isso, temos um panorama das principais pautas presentes nos movimentos sociais viçosenses, permitindo uma melhor compreensão de sua dinâmica.
Movimentos sociais: espaços de organização e lutas coletivas
Authors: Ferreira Palloma
Published: May 2023

Prezados(as) leitores e leitoras, convidamos para adentrar nas discussões apresentadas no Dossiê Movimentos Sociais e Direitos e a se beneficiar de leituras com discussões profícuas e repletas de excelente conteúdo.
New Horizons in the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis of the Spine: The Role of Whole Genome Sequencing
Authors: Ngcelwane Mthunzi , Omar Shaheed Vally , Said Mohamed , Bida Meshack
Published: May 2023

Study Design: Prospective study.Purpose: To evaluate the utility of whole genome sequencing (WGS) in drug resistance testing, lineage of the organisms, and organism- related factors responsible for bacilli settling in the spine.Overview of Literature: The workstream for the diagnosis of tuberculosis (TB) involves isolation and culture of the organism and drug resistance testing using phenotypic methods. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra is a genetic-based method that detects for Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA in the rpoB gene. Meanwhile, WGS is a newer genetic-based method that assesses the whole genome of the bacterium. Very few studies have reported the use of WGS for extrapulmonary TB. Herein, we used WGS to diagnose spinal TB.Methods: Tissues from 61 patients undergoing surgery for spinal TB underwent histologic examination, Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra, and culture and sensitivity testing. DNA from the cultured bacteria was sent for WGS. The test bacterial genome was compared to a reference strain of pulmonary TB.Results: Acid-fast bacilli were observed in 9/58 specimens. Meanwhile, histology confirmed TB in all the patients. Bacilli were cultured in 28 patients (48.3%), and the average time to culture was 18.7 days. Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra was positive in 47 patients (85%). WGS was performed in 23 specimens. Overall, 45% of the strains belonged to lineage 2 (East Asian). There was one case of multidrug- resistant TB and two cases of non-tuberculous mycobacteria on WGS. We could not confirm any genomic difference between pulmonary and spinal TB strains.Conclusions: Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra of tissues or pus is the investigation of choice when diagnosing spinal TB. Meanwhile, WGS can diagnose multidrug-resistant TB and non-tuberculous mycobacteria more accurately. No mutations were identified in spinal and pulmonary TB bacteria.
IMPROVEMENT OF THE INTERNAL FORM OF SHOES USING MODERN PROGRESSIVE TECHNOLOGIES
Authors: KAPTІUROVA Daria , CHERTENKO Lilia , BONDAR Olexandr , NOS Olexandra ,   Kyiv National University of Technology and Design
Published: May 2023

In this work we investigate the improvement of comfort of modern shoes due to the improvement of its internal shape, according to the anatomy of the foot. For this purpose, we offer the new method for the development of an ergonomic anthropometrically justified form of the last based on the 3d scanning results of the customer’s foot and it`s plaster cast. The reverse engineering method and progressive software was used for that aim. An increased level of shoe comfort is achieved through the use of individual anthropometric insoles, which are designed based on the relief of the plantar surface of the foot obtained by 3D scanning of its plaster cast. An increased level of footwear comfort is achieved, among other things, through the use of individual anthropometric insoles designed on the basis of the relief of the plantar surface of the foot, obtained by 3D scanning of its plaster cast. To create the most comfortable anatomical insoles, the main requirements for their design were analyzed. When designing the shape of the insole, the recommendations of the orthopedist were taken into account. In the development of the last and insoles, progressive software was used: Foot3D for foot 3d scanning, Delcam Crispin LastMaker and PowerShape for shoe last modeling and modifications, and ArtCAM for designing insoles and preparing them for CNC- milling. The manufacturing process of shoe last and anatomical insoles is implemented with the help of only one 3-ways CNC-machine, which ensures a consistent and complex making process without the need for additional equipment. The development of the main elements of the form in the environment of universal progressive programs (PowerShape) provides a further logical converting 3d model to a flat pattern, which contributes to a closed cycle of automation of all design production processes.
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY FOR TRAINING THE PERSONNEL OF ENTERPRISES BY MEANS OF VIRTUAL REALITY
Authors: KRYVENCHUK Yurii , SHCHUR Hlib ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2023

The use of virtual reality in industrial training reduces costs and risks, supporting more and more diverse use of experiential training sessions. This approach enables the trainer to structure the entire virtual reality training course in an immersive environment by defining its sub-components, models, tools and settings, as well as defining the actions that the participants should perform. Actions taken are recorded and coordinated with those specified by the trainer. In the industrial sector, the ability to apply to requests with a high degree of customization and complexity implies a longer cycle time. The application of virtual reality (VR) is a promising approach that will help minimize errors and increase safety. Virtual reality environments are also applied to operational tasks in industrial settings as an experiential learning approach that has shown good results in areas such as occupational safety, medicine, maintenance and mining. In addition, the use of a virtual environment for the implementation of learning activities has a wide range of advantages compared to learning in a real context, as well as reducing costs and risks, better control of the learning process (for example, planning lessons and determining the complexity of actions), facilitating experiential and situational learning, ability. to ensure repetition of simulations performed by trainees, empowerment of self-learning processes and eliciting emotions, promoting student interest and engagement. Virtual reality provides new sources of efficiency for all organizations. It can also significantly reduce the costs of training, services, installation, design and other parts of the value chain. It can also significantly reduce production costs by reducing physical space requirements. The key indicators for the implementation of VR in the educational process are reduction of study time; мore users who can perform the operation without previous experience; reduction of training costs; reducing the risk of injury.
A NONLINEAR REGRESSION MODEL FOR ESTIMATING THE SIZE OF WEB APPLICATIONS CREATED USING SYMFONY FRAMEWORK
Authors: LATANSKA Liudmyla , MAKAROVA Lidiia , KOLTSOV Andrii , DAVLATOVA Diana ,   Admiral Makarov National University of Shipbuilding
Published: May 2023

The issue of estimating the size of the software in the first stages of work on the project is important, because the obtained size can be used to predict the cost, duration and labor intensity. The share of web applications among all software projects developed today is significant, as is the popularity of programming languages ​​used in web development. The leader in frequency of use is the PHP language with its numerous frameworks. The purpose of the study is to build a non-linear regression model for estimating the size of web applications created using the Symfony PHP framework, using a normalizing decimal logarithm transformation. To build the model, 50 web application projects were found on the GitHub platform, which were created using the Symfony framework. Using the PhpMetrics tool, the following class diagram metrics for these projects were obtained: the number of classes, the average number of methods per class, the depth of the inheritance tree. This choice of metrics is due to the possibility of obtaining such information about the project under development at the early stages of design and the absence of multicollinearity among the selected metrics. Empirical data were tested for normality. The check showed that the data are non-Gaussian, so they were normalized using a decimal logarithm, an outlier check was performed, the outliers were eliminated, and for the remaining data, a linear regression model was built for the normalized data and a nonlinear one for the original data. For comparison, a linear regression model was also constructed for the empirical data under the assumption of normal distribution. The comparison of the models showed a significant improvement in the quality of estimating the size of web applications created using the Symfony framework when applying non-linear regression analysis.
METHOD OF FORMING THE CONTEXT OF ADVERTISING AND TARGET AUDIENCE BASED ON ASSOCIATIVE RULES LEARNING
Authors: LIPIANINA-HONCHARENKO Khrystyna , KOMAR Myroslav , SACHENKO Anatoliy , LENDIUK Taras ,   West Ukrainian National University
Published: May 2023

Nowadays, important mechanisms of study are content and techniques of its creation, the problem of influencing the target audience, which itself seeks to shape communication processes. Internet content occupies a position of powerful communication technology, which continues to grow rapidly and gain influence. Creating a large number of advertisements, especially texts, is extremely expensive. Therefore, it is worth considering how generate these texts automatically. In this regard, it is possible to assume that the development of a method of forming the context of advertising and target audience based on learning associative rules is relevant and can increase the effectiveness of advertising, and thus reduce the cost of online advertising of higher education institutions. The input data used a survey of students majoring in Computer Science, regarding admission. The 152 students took part in the survey and answered 10 questions. The experimental results confirmed, the proposed method enabled to increase the effectiveness of advertising on social networks at least in 23%, and reduce the price in 90%.
USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN WOMEN’S DRESS DESIGN
Authors: PAVLIUK Anna , KERNESH Victoria ,   National University of Technology and Design
Published: May 2023

In the modern and dynamic life conditions of the metropolis, business is gaining momentum of reformatting, as the military events in Ukraine and the pandemic have brought fashion to a new level of development and functioning to maintain the competitiveness of manufacturers and to satisfy consumers. In order to constantly update the assortment, companies have to quickly respond to market changes, fashion trends and the development of innovations in the field of computer technology and software, because now most areas of human activity have gone digital. Properly organized and planned design and technological preparation of production using automated CAD design is of great importance to increase business efficiency and competitiveness of a specific manufacturer’s products. The article researched, analyzed and provided a comparison of the possibilities of using modern software products, namely programs for visualizing products of the fashion industry on a virtual mannequin. Such programs as CLO3D, Browzwear, “Electronic Mannequin”, Marvelous Designer, OptiTex 11, Vidya Assyst were considered. The capabilities of the CLO3D program were demonstrated and a comparison of the virtual product and the finished sample was made. It was determined that the programs CLO3D, Browzwear, “Electronic mannequin” are intended for visualization of products and organization of work at enterprises, because the possibility of printing patterns gives a great advantage in the automation of production, they have a wide selection of materials and a range of functions to optimize work in production. Programs like Marvelous Designer, Vidya Assyst are for marketing purposes, animation creation and product presentation. We came to the conclusion that the OptiTex 11 program has insufficient realism in the execution of 3D products due to the lack of variety of materials and has an outdated interface. The expediency of this development has been proven in a theoretical and practical way.
APPLICATION OF MACHINE LEARNING MODELS FOR PREDICTING PRICES ON THE REAL ESTATE MARKET
Authors: PASHKEVYCH Oleh , VAHSCHYSHCHAK Serhii , BOICHUK Adrii , STYSLO Taras , DEMCHYNA Mykola ,   HEI King Danylo University
Published: May 2023

The work shows the results of using machine learning to forecast price changes in the real estate market. Economic models and factors affecting price formation are analyzed. This data was used as a basis for building a machine learning model. Special attention is focused on the selection of basic data for building such a model. Various types of regression models, which can be implemented in appropriate software environments, have been analyzed. As a result, a statistical model was created for predicting housing prices using linear regression. It is used to determine trends in price changes on the real estate market in the medium and long term. All libraries used in the development of statistical models are examined in detail, their advantages and disadvantages are analyzed. The following steps of model creation were considered and implemented: import of libraries and modules, developed data reading from the dataset, data analysis, cleaning and average statistical evaluation. As a result, linear regression was used to analyze an array of data obtained from an open resource – the real estate sales and rental site Zillow. The real estate objects described on this resource relate to the city of Seattle. Clustering was used according to the main parameters of real estate objects, in particular, area, location, age. In order to evaluate the ratio of various characteristics of the real estate object, 3D modeling was carried out using the Axes3D designer. Based on the analysis, data visualization was performed using various libraries. The analyzed data is displayed on a map using Folium. Data clustering and testing on real data were implemented, which showed quite good price forecast results. The obtained modeling result was checked on real estate objects and it was established that the accuracy of the model is 76%. Such a high result indicates the correctness of its construction and the rationality of using software solutions for its implementation. In the future, it can be used to analyze similar data sets in this field.
IMPLEMENTATION OF THE COINCIDENCE FREQUENCY METER ON FPGA
Authors:   Khmelnytskyi National University, PETRUSHAK Volodymyr
Published: May 2023

Means of measuring various parameters and technical characteristics of radio equipment have always occupied leading positions in science and technology. Without an accurate definition of the relevant values, it is impossible to build modern high-quality radio communication systems, radar, navigation ground and satellite systems. In ultrasound diagnostics, which are used in medicine, the speed of blood flow in vessels is studied by determining the frequency of the reflected signal. At the same time, it is necessary to use high-speed frequency measurement tools in systems with active sensors used in telecommunication networks based on Internet of Things technology. For example, in active radar, using the frequency of the reflected signal, it is possible to calculate not only the coordinates, but also the circular speed of the moving target. Modern research is aimed at improving the metrological and technical indicators of existing measuring devices, in particular at developing new methods for correcting the characteristics of the transformation of the measuring channel, which is their main component. At the same time, most digital frequency meters are built on the method of counting the number of pulses N with an unknown period Tx that arrive at the input of the device during a calibrated time interval. All this leads to an increase in measurement time and requires additional hardware costs for fast processing of measurement results. The coincidence method belongs to vernier methods and is promising for use when measuring the frequency of periodic signals. This paper points out the shortcomings of known methods of measuring the frequency of a periodic signal. On the basis of the well-known method of coincidence, a functional scheme of a 16-bit device for measuring frequency, which is implemented on the basis of a FPGA from Intel (Altera), has been developed. The developed coincidence frequency meter has a dynamic range of 96dB. Representation of time diagrams obtained in the Quartus Prime 18.0 automated design environment and confirming the operability of the developed functional scheme of the 16-bit device for frequency measurement by the coincidence method. An analytical dependence for determining the frequency of a periodic signal during frequency measurement by the coincidence method is presented.
REVIEW AND ANALYSIS OF BASIC FEATURE DETECTION NETWORKS FOR CLASSIFICATION OF MRI IMAGES IN DEEP LEARNING MODELS
Authors:   Lviv Polytechnic National University, PUKACH Pavlo
Published: May 2023

This paper presents an evaluation of modern deep learning models for the classification of MRI images of the knee joint. Among all the work related to this research, there have been several attempts to retrain the original MRNet model on more modern computer vision architectures. Also, no attempt has yet been reported to document the incremental improvement in MRNet prediction accuracy using newer computer vision architectures. This paper presents a comparative analysis of modern deep architectures of computer vision for extracting features from MRI images of the knee joint in the tasks of classification of injuries and anomalies of the knee. Such an analysis is needed, at least as a guide to creating applied architectures of machine learning models aimed at automated diagnosis of knee injuries in medical devices and systems. In the field of artificial intelligence, deep learning (DL) algorithms can be applied directly to many different musculoskeletal radiology tasks, including image reconstruction, synthetic imaging, tissue segmentation, and diagnosis and detection of musculoskeletal disease characteristics on radiographs, ultrasound , CT and MRI images. Ideally, such systems should also help radiologists focus on rare diseases as well as very complex abnormalities. At the same time, the task of automating the process of diagnosing typical injuries and anomalies is set. The level of confidence in the result of prediction should be similar to the conclusions of commissions of expert radiologists. To frame such a benchmarking analysis, this paper compares the performance of the basic MRNet architecture for the knee MRI image classification task, using various state-of-the-art computer vision architectures as framework networks for feature extraction. It also demonstrates a gradual increase in the prediction accuracy of these models in accordance with the evolution of the framework models themselves. A rather important aspect of the presented research is the fact that all machine learning models developed and trained in the considered experiment have a unified architecture, except for the feature extraction framework, and they were all trained from scratch using the same model parameters and training parameters. In addition, the model estimation strategies in this work use an additional metric that has not yet been measured and compared in any related work, namely Cohen’s Kappa metric. This metric is significant because the MRNet dataset used in this paper is not balanced.
RAISING QUESTIONS ABOUT THE APPOINTMENT OF CUSTOMS EXPERTISE IN ORDER TO CONTROL THE CORRECT CLASSIFICATION OF GOODS UNDER HS
Authors: SAPOZHNYK Dmytro , PELYK Lesia ,   L’viv University of Trade and Economics
Published: May 2023

The article considers the importance of the quality of questioning when appointing a customs examination, the procedure and rules for posing such questions, assessing their correctness, shows the algorithm for the correct formulation of the question regarding the appointment of a customs examination. The necessity of updating the methodological recommendations for posing questions to the expert is emphasized, since even the best methodological recommendations are useless if they are not applied in practice. Based on this, the expediency of introducing an appropriate training course and training for customs officials authorized to appoint commodity customs examinations and studies, in particular in the field of valuation of intellectual property, is shown. It is shown that when appointing a customs examination by a customs official, the expert should be assigned a specific task and set the range and content of issues on which the examination should be carried out. At the same time, it is not allowed to raise questions: that go beyond the competence of the expert (this may be grounds for refusal to conduct an examination); for the explanation of which no special expert knowledge is required; are of a legal nature; which may relate to the object of study due to its properties. The algorithm and the sequence of raising the question regarding the appointment of a customs examination, which allows to assess its correctness in accordance with the criteria established by law, which contain a prohibition on the absence of a certain (clear) semantic content in the question, or possible ambiguity (the possibility of interpretation) of the essence of the question, are analyzed. The necessity of formulating qualitative questions in compliance with the theory of their formulation and taking into account the specifics of the questions, taking into account the grounds for their occurrence, as well as the nature of the information the absence of which is indicated by the question (the so-called “whether-question” and “what-question”) is proved. The conclusion is made that in order to prevent problems in the interaction of customs authorities and expert institutions in the process of organizing and conducting customs examinations, it is important to take into account the peculiarities of questioning when appointing examinations and to comply with the rules for asking questions to the expert.
IMPROVEMENT OF GRAIN TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY FROM COMBINES
Authors: FRYSHEV Sergii , LUKACH Vasyl , IKALCHYK Mykola , VASYLYUK Volodymyr ,   Separated Subdivision of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine “Nizhin Agrotechnical Institute”
Published: May 2023

The article provides a rationale for an improved technological process for transporting grain from grain combines (ЗK) by a semi-trailer dump truck (НП) in an aggregate with a tractor and a saddle trailer. One of the main reserves for increasing the productivity of a combine is to increase the utilization factor of its shift time by using transshipment technology based on interoperation compensators – tractor trailers for reloaders of the PBN-30, PBN-40, PBN-50 brands, etc. and heavy vehicles (AT), in the body which grain is being reloaded outside the field. The lack of technology is significant downtime of vehicles. A comparative analysis of various technological schemes for the operation of the (ЗK) and vehicles showed that the minimum specific duration of harvesting and transport operations is achieved by using a tractor with a tractor to work in the field, subject to the minimum time spent on the formation (uncoupling, hitching) of transport units using a fifth wheel coupling device, which fitted with a trailer. At the same time, vehicles are used as negotiable (НП)s, which makes it possible to organize the continuous operation of tractors in the sections “ЗК – edge of the field” and “edge of the field – grain receiving point”, where possible downtime of the AT is replaced by downtime only of the НП. We have proposed a technical solution containing a temporary redistribution of the mass of grain in the body of the НП by loading it into the front part of the body. At the same time, the rear wheels of the НП are partially unloaded and do not over-compact the soil, and the rolling semi-trailer, equipped with wide-profile low-pressure tires, perceives additional load without significant soil compaction. The theoretical analysis of the rhythm of the processes of grain movement by individual technological links of the harvesting and transport complex made it possible to determine the analytical dependences of the main parameters of these links on the productivity of the grain combine and the volume of its bunker, the nominal load capacity of the НП, the duration of the НП recoupling, the distance of grain transportation, the average technical speed of the tractor and the car. The use of semi-shuttle transporters operating in two stages: in the field and on the road, provides a 1.5-fold increase in the productivity (average output) of the AT, and also eliminates the cost of specialized reloading trailers and double reloading of grain.
THE METHOD OF BUILDING THE OPTIMAL EDUCATIONAL TRAJECTORY OF HIGHER EDUCATION ACQUISITIONERS
Authors: MALAIKO Andrii , PASICHNYK Olexander , SKRYPNYK Tetana ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2023

With today’s lectures and lessons, rules and bells, we continue to use an industrial model of education designed to produce factory workers. Students learn to agree with the masses, but they do not learn to think for themselves. Subjects are taught in isolation, as a result of which students do not understand how all knowledge is interconnected. Our current system undermines the ability of parents to guide the moral formation of their children. Fathers and mothers are denied a voice in the values ​​taught in our schools. Many school districts believe that once a student enters the school’s doors, parents no longer have jurisdiction. A careful examination of modern education reveals that it is not education at all. Our current system has at least three fundamental flaws: a misplaced focus on right knowing instead of right being, a lack of instruction on how to recognize truth and communicate it profitably, and a disintegration of subjects without teaching how things fit together. One of the solutions to a number of modern educational problems can be to study according to the optimal educational trajectory, which forms a large baggage of knowledge for the student for his future professional activity. This also means that a highly qualified specialist will easily enter the labor market. It is possible to enumerate the strengths of quality education for quite a long period of time, but the question arises: how exactly to form this education? How to make the learning process as interesting and productive as possible for the student? At the moment, there are quite a lot of training programs, and it is hardly possible to create something completely new. But no one canceled the option with the modification of the existing program. Therefore, this scientific work proposes a method of building an educational trajectory, which uses to build a list of mandatory and optional disciplines that cover a set of necessary competencies.
DEVELOPMENT OF OPTICAL SYSTEMS OF 16-LENS ORTHOSCOPIC TELEPHOTO LENSES
Authors: SOKURENKO Vyacheslav , KHUTOROVYI Ivan ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”, SOKURENKO Oleg ,   Optical-mechanical faculty college of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
Published: May 2023

In this work, the possibilities of creating multi-lens optical systems of telephoto lenses with a fixed focal length and high image quality with the help of a computer have been experimentally investigated. The effectiveness of the automated procedure for creating new optical systems of orthoscopic telephoto lenses was repeatedly examined. The design procedure utilizes a modified version of the modern stochastic global optimization algorithm. In particular, we carried out the aberration synthesis of several optical systems of 16-lens orthoscopic telephoto lenses having the effective focal length of 300 mm and a F-number equal to 2.8, and designed to work in the visible spectral range with 35-mm full-frame image matrix detectors. Multiple computer simulations of the design process have shown that the global optimization procedure with a total number of variables of around 90 requires significant computing power. Specifically, when running on the Intel Core i9-9900K processor in multi-threaded mode and optimizing the values of the modulation transfer functions, the design procedure can exceed 50 hours. The maximum value of the relative distortion of synthesized variants of telephoto lenses does not exceed 0.017%. In all considered cases, the values of polychromatic modulation transfer functions for a spatial frequency of 30 lines/mm are not smaller than 0.5 over the entire image field. The design results obtained for the specified telephoto lenses confirm the effectiveness of the proposed approach and the practical possibility of achieving high-quality correction of aberrations in the above-mentioned multi-lens telephoto systems even without the use of fluorite (calcium fluoride).
EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS OF APPLICATION OF OBJECT BUNDARIS DETECTION METHODS IN MEDICAL IMAGES
Authors: KHAVALKO Viktor , TSAP Vladyslav , YARCHAK Andrii ,   Lviv Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2023

Very often in everyday life it is necessary to regulate a certain process and maintain a certain state, despite the negative effects on productivity. This is especially true in the medical field, where devices and equipment are increasingly common, on which, after receiving a picture, additional methods of image processing can be applied, before the direct use of boundary detection methods. Most of these devices use simple or complex algorithms to perform tasks. That is why the relevance of studying different aspects of segmentation algorithms, analyzing and comparing different types of medical images, conducting experiments on them, comparing the use of different methods and their settings is unquestionable. In order to conduct experiments and comparative analysis, the article proposes to create a process simulation system that will be regulated by the user. The results made it possible to form recommendations regarding the conditions of specific application of the methods.
APPLICATION OF INDICATIVE QUALITY INDICATOR IN DYNAMIC MANAGEMENT OF THE TOPOLOGY OF A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK WITH LOCAL ENERGY SOURCES WITH THE PURPOSE OF MINIMIZING ENERGY LOSSES
Authors: YATSENKO Dmytro , POPOV Vladimir , ZAMULKO Anatolii , YARMOLIUK Olena , ADANIKOV Oleksandr ,   National Technical University of Ukraine “Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute”
Published: May 2023

In practically all countries, a significant part of distribution electric networks is operated in an open mode. Therefore, the task of choosing the optimal topology of the electrical network remains relevant and popular among researchers. To date, many ways of solving this problem have been proposed, which have been reflected in hundreds of publications. To achieve the goal of forming the optimal topology of the electric network, various optimization methods are used, the problem is also solved in both single-criteria and multi-criteria formulations. In this article, a bibliographic analysis is carried out and the use of an indicative qualitative indicator is proposed for finding the optimal topology of the distribution electric network in real time, which makes it possible to minimize the loss of active energy. Currently, this is relevant due to the growth of load heterogeneity and the increase in the share of local energy sources in the distribution networks of our country. These factors form flow distributions daily, which in most cases will not coincide with the mode for which the appropriate network configuration was chosen, which in turn leads to an increase in electrical energy losses. The effect of the proposed approach depends on the proper level of technical and information support of the network, especially since most of the equipment of distribution electric networks has exhausted its physical resource. The use of an indicative qualitative indicator is envisaged in distribution networks equipped with modern switching devices with the possibility of remote control and the presence of systematic measurements of the mode parameters of the network. Based on the obtained research results, it can be concluded that the developed indicative indicator is successfully used in solving the problems of finding the optimal network topology in real time, which makes it possible to achieve significant results. additional reduction of active energy losses.
ANALYSIS OF THE CORRESPONDENCE OF THE ROAD NETWORK OF THE OPISHNIAN TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY TO THE DEVELOPMENT TENDENCIES OF THE WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN THE REGION
Authors: BREDUN Viktor , MYKOLAICHYK Рўaras ,   Yuri Kondratyuk Poltava Polytechnic National University
Published: May 2023

Planning of effective waste management systems at the level of territorial communities is an important practical task that ensures the implementation of the overall regional concept of the development of the regional waste management system. This process is based, first of all, on the study of the scientific and practical foundations of forecasting trends in the development of waste management systems, and especially their logistical component, taking into account the specifics of regional factors. Thus, there is a need to conduct an analysis of the technical-logistic component of the waste management system of individual territorial communities and its development prospects as a component of the regional waste management system of the Poltava region within the framework of solving the current scientific and practical task of ensuring the effectiveness of the implementation of the regional waste management system. Methodology. When studying the structure and technological parameters of the elements of the road network included in the project routes of solid waste transportation, the methods of system and factor analysis were used. Results. It has been established that the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ is simultaneously an element of the logistics structure of the waste management system at the local and regional level and is involved in all stages of solid waste transportation during various periods of implementation of the Regional Waste Management Plan of the Poltava Region. All categories of roads are involved in the transport schemes. The roads of the fourth category and some roads of the 5th category are the most heavily loaded. Most roads of categories T, O, C are in unsatisfactory condition and need urgent repair. The capacity of the existing road network, if it is maintained in a satisfactory condition, provides the possibility of movement along the specified routes of both collection and transport garbage trucks. The maximum permissible speed of movement according to the parameter of categorization on all roads of the region corresponds to the technical parameters and design modes of movement of specialized transport. Originality. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined. Practical value. The technological possibilities, main problems and directions of improvement of the road network of Opishnyan TРЎ as a separate object of logistics planning and a structural component of the waste management system at the local and regional levels have been determined.
METHOD OF EVALUATION OF OBJECT-ORIENTED SOFTWARE SYSTEMS BASED ON THE ANALYSIS OF CHANGES IN THE SOFTWARE SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
Authors: DZIURBAN Eduard , YASHYNA Oksana ,   Khmelnytskyi National University
Published: May 2023

It is a well-known fact that software maintenance plays an important role and becomes important in the software life cycle. Since object-oriented programming has long become the standard, it is very important to understand the problems of maintaining object-oriented software systems, and how to avoid them by identifying potential gaps in the software system as early as the design analysis. This article is aimed at evaluating object-oriented systems using the analysis of changes in the requirements for the software system. The main problems raised in the article are the change of the algorithm for analyzing the impact of changing non-functional requirements on functional ones and their inheritance. The demand for efficient software is increasing day by day, and the adoption of object-oriented design of software systems is able to satisfy this demand, as it is perhaps the most powerful mechanism for developing efficient software systems. This can not only help in reducing the cost but also helps in developing high quality system software. Software developers need appropriate metrics to develop an effective software system. This practice is aimed at researching methods for evaluating an object-oriented software system using software impact analysis based on tracking requirements to changes in functional requirements using non- functional requirements. Although there are many advantages to the object-oriented approach, and the fact that this approach is the most widespread now and will be in the future, it will be truly recognized, proven and practical only when the management aspects of the software development process using of this methodology will be carefully considered. This is where software metrics play an important role, enabling better planning, evaluating improvements, reducing unpredictability, early detection of potential problems, and evaluating performance. This paper proposes a set of metrics best suited to evaluate the use of core concepts of the object-oriented paradigm, such as inheritance, encapsulation, polymorphism, and a strong emphasis on code reuse, which are uniquely responsible for increasing software quality and development productivity.
АВТОРЕФЕРЕНЦИЯ КАК ПРОЯВЛЕНИЕ ЯЗЫКОВОЙ РЕФЛЕКСИИ (В ОБЫДЕННОМ ЯЗЫКЕ И В ПОЭТИЧЕСКОМ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТЕ)
Authors:   Институт языкознания РАН, Фещенко В.В.
Published: May 2023

Статья посвящена явлению автореференции в аспекте соотношения двух взаимосвязанных лингвистических процессов — рефлексии и языкотворчества. Демонстрируются трактовки этого феномена в философской логике, визуальном искусстве и лингвистике. Указывается на два различных понимания автореференции: как отсылки к самому сообщению и как референции к говорящему (адресанту). Автореференция является частным проявлением рефлексивности в языке и речи. Даются примеры языковых явлений, в которых принцип самоподобия и авторефлексивности проявляется конкретно и материально: редупликация, автонимное употребление, рекурсия, логические парадоксы, перформативы. Демонстрируется механизм этого явления в схеме художественного (поэтического) знака. Приводятся примеры автореференции на различных языковых уровнях в поэтическом эксперименте ХХ в., от фонетики до прагматики. Делается вывод о том, что автореферентность художественного знака является частным проявлением действия поэтической функции в области знакотворчества. Автореференция как механизм рефлексивности имеет особую функцию в поэтическом дискурсе. Она задает языку больше измерений рефлексии, так как не только слово обращено на само себя, но и все языковые элементы, от звука до высказывания и его иллокутивной силы. В результате проведенного исследования классифицированы уровни, на которых проявляется автореферентность в художественном тексте как отсылка языковых знаков к самим себе. Отмечается языкотворческий потенциал этого процесса в экспериментально-поэтическом дискурсе.
ТЕАТРАЛЬНОСТЬ КАК ХАРАКТЕРНОЕ СВОЙСТВО ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННОЙ ПРОЗЫ ДОСТОЕВСКОГО
Authors:   Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова РАН, Баранов А.Н. , Добровольский Д.О.
Published: May 2023

Достоевский относится к числу писателей, выделяющихся особым индивидуальным художественным стилем. В статье рассматривается одна из особенностей стиля Достоевского — театральность его художественной прозы. Театральность проявляется в сюжете и его отдельных эпизодах: новые герои часто вводятся пространными описаниями внешности и манеры поведения и лишь затем вступают в разговор. Описание героев у Достоевского структурно аналогичны авторским ремаркам в тексте пьесы, адресованным актерам. Часто реплики персонажей комментируются — как если бы это был актер, которому автор рекомендует говорить громче или тише, привстав или вскочив и т. д. Исследователи театра отмечают, что вещи на сцене превращаются в знаки, смысл которых связан с разворачивающимся действием. В художественных произведениях Достоевского вещи приобретают знаковую функцию, связывая отдельные части нарратива и в каком-то смысле предопределяя те или иные действия персонажей. Иными словами, некоторые вещи оказываются почти героями повествования. Таков, например, «пестик» в тексте романа «Братья Карамазовы». Четкое разделение описания участников почти сценического действия и их реплик в разговоре позволяет сосредоточить внимание читателя на речи героев, которая и является настоящим центром повествования в произведениях Достоевского.
СЕМАНТИЧЕСКИЙ АСПЕКТ АВТОРСКИХ ПРЕОБРАЗОВАНИЙ ФРАЗЕОЛОГИЗМОВ НА ПРИМЕРЕ ТЕКСТОВ Ф. М. ДОСТОЕВСКОГО
Authors:   Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова РАН, Балашов Е.А.
Published: May 2023

Статья посвящена влиянию семантики фразеологизма как основного фактора, мотивирующего авторские преобразования. В начале статьи предлагается рабочее определение авторского преобразования фиксированной конструкции, необходимое для дальнейшего рассуждения. Затем анализируются основные принципы подходов к классификации авторских фразеологизмов в различных исследованиях и выдвигается предположение, что основным мотиватором конкретного преобразования оказывается семантика, поскольку любое формальное преобразование фразеологизма как фиксированного словосочетания с комплексным и непрозрачным (но выводимым до некоторой степени) значением, неизбежно затрагивает значение этого фразеологизма. Принципиальная особенность авторского преобразования сводится к тому, что автор использует фразеологизм не просто как готовую конструкцию, но переосмысляет ее, адаптируя под конкретную описываемую им ситуацию. Таким образом, все подобные преобразования можно представить как художественную интенцию автора сопротивляться фиксированным конструкциям путем их переработки — иными словами, подобные преобразования служат не только для формального «украшения» текста или языковой игры (как в случае рекламных или пропагандистских текстов), но и в качестве полноценного художественного приема, позволяющего автору отрефлексировать сами описываемые события путем экспериментов над языком. В качестве иллюстрации представляемых тезисов анализируется ряд примеров авторского переосмысления фразеологизмов Ф. М. Достоевским и в некоторых случаях другими авторами.
«РУССКИЙ» У ДОСТОЕВСКОГО И РОССИЯ БЕЗ ДОСТОЕВСКОГО
Authors:   Институт русского языка им. В. В. Виноградова РАН, Ружицкий И.В. , Коробова М.М. , Шепелева С.Н.
Published: May 2023

В статье рассматриваются некоторые особенности употребления слова русский в текстах Ф. М. Достоевского. Понятие ‘русский’, вне всякого сомнения, занимает ключевое место в тезаурусе Достоевского, соответственно, репрезентирующее данный концепт слово русский выполняет функцию идеологемы, идеоглоссы. Другими единицами подобного типа, сопряженными с понятием ‘русский’, являются Бог, Христос, православие, душа, добро, дух, всечеловеческий и некоторые другие. Анализ проводится на основе языковых данных, зафиксированных в «Идиоглоссарии Достоевского», структура словарной статьи которого позволяет отразить такие особенности описываемой идиоглоссы, как ее подчинительные и сочинительные связи (гипотаксис и паратаксис), употребление в составе автонимного высказывания, афоризма и др. Гипотаксис слова русский показывает, что значение этого слова может нивелироваться, особенно в таких частотных сочетаниях, как русский народ, русские люди, русский человек, русская душа и др. Именно в такого рода сочетаниях семантическая размытость понятия ‘русский’ проявляется сильнее всего. Паратаксис слова русский позволяет определить зоны пересечения соответствующего текстового семантического поля с другими полями, например, ‘настоящий, истинный’, ‘Бог’, ‘добро’, ‘православие’ и т. д. Высказывается пред- положение о том, что при всей неопределенности понятий ‘русский’, ‘русский народ’, ‘русская душа’, ‘русские люди’, ‘русская женщина’ и т. п. в их основе лежит прежде всего открытость, всечеловечность, не общечеловечность, не как другие, а — для других.
МЕСТОИМЕНИЕ «Я»: МЕХАНИЗМ САМО- И ИНО-ОПИСАНИЯ
Authors:   Балтийский федеральный университет им. Иммануила Канта, Золян С.
Published: May 2023

Рефлексивная петля Я — тот, кто говорит «Я» отождествляет и одновременно преобразует реального человека, Я-говорящего, в объект метаязыка, местоимение «Я», на который могут быть перенесены логико-семантические и лингвосемиотические операции. Реальный говорящий может быть только в актуальном мире, однако между ним и текстом выстраивается цепочка промежуточных говорящих (индексов), и «присвоение» текста/языка закрепляется уже за ними. Становится возможным перемещение «Я» в другие миры, времена, локусы, а также установление сходных с метафорическими метонимическими отношений между «Я» — актуальным говорящим и «Я» высказывания в различных семиотических статусах. «Я» является не только указанием на говорящего, но и ключевым механизмом само-, мета- и ино-описания и соотнесения высказывания с его актуальным и потенциальными контекстами. Это позволяет дополнить концепцию Э. Бенвениста, а также систематизировать различные концепции (Ю. С. Степанова, Дж. Лакоффа, Дж. Росса, Д. Льюиса) в которых проводились разграничения между различными «Я» (дескриптивным, перформативным, «Я»-участника, «Я»-наблюдателя, «Я»-субъект и «Я»-личность, «Я»-говорящий и «Я»-индекс говорящего и др.).