bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Treatment Trends and Clinical Outcomes of Left-Sided RAS/RAF Wild-Type Metastatic Colorectal Cancer in the United States
Authors: Nevala-Plagemann Christopher , Iyengar Siddharth , Trunk Andrew D. , Pappas Lisa , Haaland Benjamin , Garrido-Laguna Ignacio
Published: February 2022

Background: Post hoc analysis of the CALGB/SWOG 80405 trial suggests that anti-EGFR therapy may be superior to bevacizumab when added to first-line chemotherapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) who have left-sided primary tumors. We evaluated trends in use of anti-EGFR agents in patients with left-sided RAS/RAF wild-type (WT) mCRC and compared clinical outcomes among the most commonly used treatment strategies. Methods: A nationwide electronic health record (EHR)–derived deidentified database was reviewed for patients with left-sided RAS/RAF WT mCRC. Treatment trends over time were assessed by fitting a linear model to the percentage of patients receiving anti-EGFR therapy. A propensity score weighted Cox model was used to compare overall survival (OS) stratified by first-line targeted therapy received. Results: A total of 1,607 patients with left-sided RAS/RAF WT mCRC received standard first-line chemotherapy. Of these, 965 (60%) received bevacizumab and 186 (12%) received an anti-EGFR agent. The percentage of patients receiving an anti-EGFR increased from 9% in 2013 to 16% in 2018. Median OS for patients treated with chemotherapy alone was 27.3 months (95% CI, 24.8–32.3), 27.5 months with bevacizumab (95% CI, 25.8–28.9; hazard ratio [HR], 0.88; P=.33), and 42.9 months with an anti-EGFR agent (95% CI, 36.0 to not reached; HR, 0.52; P=.005). Conclusions: This analysis suggests that chemotherapy with bevacizumab remained the most widely used first-line treatment strategy for patients with left-sided RAS/RAF WT mCRC in the United States in 2018. Despite this preference, treatment with an anti-EGFR agent was associated with improved OS.
Entre el mediterráneo y el seno mexicano: el ingeniero militar Antonio Doncel
Authors: Nieto Márquez Miguel Ángel
Published: February 2022

En el siglo XVIII, gran parte de los ingenieros militares que eran destinados a América habían llevado a cabo trabajos previos en el ámbito Mediterráneo. Uno de ellos fue Antonio Doncel y Adel, un profesional poco conocido que fue destinado a Nueva España en 1763 para servir al virrey marqués de Cruillas en las obras de la plaza de Veracruz. No obstante, a pesar de dicho desconocimiento, su trayectoria se produjo en puntos geográficos de relevancia, intuyéndose por la documentación conservada una importante valoración de su trabajo por parte de sus superiores. El presente artículo pone de relieve la figura de este ingeniero, aportando nuevas noticias sobre su vida profesional y personal, y profundizando sobre sus trabajos y ocupaciones tras regresar de su destino americano, destacando su segunda etapa en Cádiz y su papel como ingeniero director en el reino de Granada.
España debe saber (Eduardo Manzanos, 1977). Un ejemplo cinemagráfico de revisionismo histórico en la reciente democracia de nuestro país
Authors: Sanz Ferreruela Fernando , Lázaro Sebastián Francisco Javier
Published: February 2022

Poco antes de la celebración de las primeras elecciones generales democráticas en España tras casi cuarenta años de dictadura, se estrenó el largometraje documental España debe saber (Eduardo Manzanos, 1977). Su desarrollo se articula en función del formato de entrevista, una fórmula que se había popularizado dentro de este género a partir de ejemplos tan paradigmáticos como La vieja memoria (Jaime Camino, 1977), que, desde una visión netamente de izquierdas trataron de ofrecer las causas y las posteriores consecuencias de la Guerra Civil y la dictadura que aconteció después.

Manzanos planteó un particular ejercicio de revisionismo sobre el período anterior de la historia española, mediante la presencia de diferentes testimonios como el de Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora o José María de Areilza, entre otros. Con la particularidad añadida de que la película que pretendemos estudiar se trata de una auténtica réplica a lo expuesto en el film de Jaime Camino antes citado; afirmación que no resulta descabellada dado que encontramos un claro precedente orientado en este sentido en la propia trayectoria de Manzanos con la película ¿Por qué morir en Madrid?, surgida como respuesta clara al film antifranquista Morir en Madrid (Mourir à Madrid, Frédéric Róssif, 1963).
From Onto-sympathy and Ecological Awareness to Ethico-sympathy and Zoëlogical Interaction, Embodied Beings, and Pedagogy in an Anthropocene Age
Authors: Paulsen Michael
Published: February 2022

It matters what world understanding we base educational theory and practice on. If we base it on an inherited Holocene scenic and human-centered world understanding, this leads to education understood as learning to optimize the use of resources only and solely for human needs. If we, on the other hand, base it on an emerging Anthropocene dialogical and life-centered world understanding, it leads to education understood as supporting students to become aware of the possibilities and value of being together with more-than-humans and to obtain experiences with how to co-create a joyful life. More specifically, it is argued that the onto-sympathy model proposed by Jane Bennett is based on a life-centered world understanding that might be helpful to foster needed ecological awareness within the field of education. However, this model needs to be complemented by an idealistic ethico-sympathy model, also based on a life-centered world understanding but paying more heed to cautious action, focusing on the possibility and value of zoëlogical interaction between humans and more-than-humans. If both models are used, it becomes more likely that we will begin to gain educational experiences with developing ethical relationships to more-than-humans and become able to co-create interspecies life-communities on a larger scale than today—both of which are needed more than ever in planetary history.
Transnationale forbindelser og steder i ungdomspædagogisk arbejde
Authors: Gulløv John , Larsen Vibe , Tireli Üzeyir
Published: February 2022

ResumeDenne artikel diskuterer betydningen af minoritetsdanske unges transnationale og globale netværk og referencer. Baggrunden er en undersøgelse, som peger på, at transnationale og globale referencer udgør en symbolsk kapital, der styrker de unges oplevelser af fællesskaber, fordi referencerne genkendes og anerkendes på tværs af forskellige migrationshistorier og oplevelser af personlige, nationale og religiøse tilhørsforhold. De transnationale og globale erfaringer udgør en overset ressource, som adskiller disse unge fra unge med majoritetsdansk baggrund. Der peges på, at større fokus på denne form for symbolsk kapital med fordel kan indgå i pædagogiske og uddannelsesbaserede integrationsindsatser.

AbstractTransnational connections and places in youth workThis article discusses what it means when young people with minority Danish backgrounds use their transnational and global networks and references to form peer groups. The background is a study that shows that the transnational and global references constitute a symbolic capital that are recognized across different migration stories, experiences, and personal, national, and religious affiliations. The authors point out how transnational and global experiences represent an overlooked resource which distinguishes these young people from most young Danes, and that it will be highly relevant to use this symbolic capital as a resource in pedagogical and educational integration work.
Anmeldelser 2011
Authors: Arkæologisk Selskab Jysk
Published: February 2022

Angelika Abegg-Wigg und Andreas Rau (red.): Aktuelle Forschungen zu Kriegsbeuteopfern und Fürstengräbern im Barbaricum.(Lotte Hedeager)Christian Adamsen, Ulla Lund Hansen, Finn Ole Nielsen och Margarethe Watt (red.): Sorte Muld.(Birgitta Hårdh)Michael Andersen og Poul Otto Nielsen (red.): Danefæ. Skatte fra den danske muld.(Lars Krants Larsen)Liv Appel & Kjartan Langsted (red.): Ressourcer og kulturkontakter. Arkæologi rundt om Skagerrak og Kattegat.(Jette Linaa)Ute Arents & Silke Eisenschmidt: Die Gräber von Haithabu.(Charlotte Hedenstierna-Jonson)Jan Albert Bakker: Megalithic Research in the Netherlands, 1547-1911. From “Giant’s Beds” and “Pillars of Hercules” to accurate investigations.(Palle Eriksen)Anne S. Beck, Trine Borake, Lise ­Harvig og Ole Thirup Kastholm (red.): Hvil i fred? Om kirkenedlæggelser og gravfred med afsæt i Skt. Mikkel kirkeruin i Roskilde.(Allan Berg Nielsen)Søren Bitsch Christensen (red.): Ribe Bys Historie.(Hans Skov)Ole Crumlin-Pedersen: Archaeology and the Sea in Scandinavia and Britain.(Christer Westerdahl)Göran Gruber: Medeltider. Samtida mobiliseringsprocesser kring det förflutnas värden.(Jes Wienberg)Mogens Bo Henriksen: Brudager Mark – en romertidsgravplads nær Gudme på Sydøstfyn.(Birger Storgaard)Helle Horsnæs: Crossing Boundaries – An analysis of Roman coin in Danish contexts, vol. 1: Finds from Sealand, Funen and Jutland.(Line Bjerg)Rasmus Birch Iversen: Kragehul Mose – Ein Kriegsbeuteopfer auf Südwestfünen.(Mads Ravn)Sven Kalmring: Der Hafen von Haithabu.(Jens Ulriksen)Sabine Karg (red.): Medieval Food Traditions in Northern Europe.(Hans Arne Jensen)Jan Henning Larsen: Jernvinneundersøkelser. Faglig Program.(Jørgen Lund)Lars Krants Larsen, Jette Linaa, ­Johannes Hertz, Inger Lauridsen og Lennart S. Madsen (red.): Tønderhus – en købstadsborg i hertugdømmet Slesvig.(Vivian Etting)Anna Lihammer & Jonas M. Nordin (red.): Modernitetens Materialitet: Arkeologiska perspektiv på det moderna samhällets framväkst.(Jette Linaa)Mats Mogren, Mats Roslund, Barbro Sundnér & Jes Wienberg (red.): Triangulering. Historisk arkeologi vidgar fälten.(Nils Engberg)Anne Nørgård Jørgensen: Porskjær Mosefund.(Margrethe Watt)Birgit M. Rasmussen (red.): Slusegårdgravpladsen, bind V.(Ulla Lund Hansen)Andreas Rau: Nydam Mose. Die personengebundenen Gegenstäde. Grabungen 1989–1999.(Ulf Näsman)Mads Runge: Kildehuse II - Gravpladser fra yngre bronzealder og vikingetid i Odense Sydøst.(Lise Frost & Jens Jeppesen)Per Ole Schovsbo: Dejbjergvognene. ­Keltiske impulser i førromersk jernalder.(Xenia Pauli Jensen)Niels T. Sterum: Løgum – kloster, slot og by. ‘Pionerer i ødemarken’.(Hans Krongaard Kristensen).Wolf-Dieter Tempel: Am Rande der Archäologie: Begegnungen und Erlebnisse.(Lars Schreiber Pedersen)Leo Webley: Iron Age Households: Structure and Practice in Western Denmark, 500BC-AD200.(Mette Løvschal)Gunilla Åkerström-Hougen: Genesis och metamorfosis. En studie i de nordiska guldbrakteaternas ikonografi.(Kent O. Laursen)
Perspectivas del Derecho Cooperativo
Authors: Cracogna Dante
Published: February 2022

El artículo versa sobre la construcción del Derecho Cooperativo y para ello plantea las razones que justifican su existencia sobre la base de un enfoque fundado en el análisis de la experiencia cooperativa. Comienza ocupándose de los orígenes y el desarrollo de la legislación cooperativa que surgió como consecuencia de la necesidad de regular un fenómeno social novedoso y la influencia que sobre ella ejercieron los principios cooperativos declarados por la Alianza Cooperativa Internacional. Señala los rasgos propios que caracterizan a las cooperativas y que provocaron una paulatina autonomía de la legislación cooperativa con relación a las legislaciones en las que se encontraba incorporada. A partir de la autonomía legislativa señala la necesidad de una aproximación científica que, junto con una adecuada autonomía didáctica, construya las bases del Derecho Cooperativo capaz de hacerse cargo de su objeto propio y diferenciado. Concluye analizando los riesgos que amenazan la existencia del Derecho Cooperativo y considera los condicionamientos que imponen las estructuras políticas territoriales como así también los mecanismos para su superación.
Harmonization (or rather Standardization) of Cooperative Law in the OHADA Zone: What is the Result after Ten Years of Implementation of the Uniform Act?
Authors: Tadjudje Willy
Published: February 2022

The Uniform Act related cooperative societies (UA-COOP) is the main source of cooperative law in all the seventeen States parties to the OHADA founding Treaty. Ten years after its entry into force (2011-2021), the aim of this study is to assess the level of enforcement of this Act. More concretely, the aim is to compare the state of cooperative law at the time of the entry into force of the UA-COOP (2011) with the current situation (in 2021). Such a comparison should make it possible to assess the contribution of the UA-COOP to the development of cooperative law and strengthening of national cooperative movements in the OHADA zone.
Assessing the impact of workaholism and work engagement on medical university employee stress and satisfaction levels
Authors: Sarfaraz Mahin , Sarfaraz Shaur , Maqsood Afsheen , Ahmed Naseer , Vohra Fahim , Abduljabbar Tariq , Abduljabbar Adel S.
Published: February 2022

Background

Workaholism (WH) is related with high mental trouble and physical objections, low employment and family fulfillment, and low occupation execution; however, work commitment is related with job and life satisfaction. This study aimed to assess the impact of WH and work engagement (WE) on medical university employee job stress and satisfaction.

Methods

This descriptive analytical study was conducted on workers employed in medical universities using validated questionnaires for data collection. The sample size was 330, from which 305 responded with completed questionnaire. The employees were the direct workers of different accessible medical universities in Karachi, Pakistan. The employee enrolment and distribution of the questionnaire was performed using non-probability convenient sampling. The Brief Job Questionnaire (BJQ), Dutch Work Addiction Scale (DUWAS) and Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) were used to assess the impact of job stress on job satisfaction and WE. The data was analyzed by applying descriptive statistics, Spearman correlation and regression analysis. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was taken as significant.

Results

The study consisted of 117 (38.4%) male and 188 (61.6%) female participants; the mean age of participating employee was 28.50 ± 6.192. The mean score for WE was 3.78 ± 0.467, that of WH was 3.42 ± 0.559, for JS was 4.29 ± 0.400, whereas JSF was 3.10 ± 0.591. A positive correlation was observed between job stress, WH and WE. WH had a strong correlation with job stress and weak correlation with job satisfaction and performance. A significant difference was observed between WE and WH among males and females.

Conclusions

The study presented with a significant effect of job satisfaction with WH and WE with job stress. Hence, indicating the importance of social skills and WE with fellow employees to increase the work productivity and performance. However, in case of over work and WH, an increase of job stress is inevitable.
Challenges in the assumptions of using a flemma-based word counting unit
Authors: Ishii Tomoko , Bennett Phil , Stoeckel Tim
Published: February 2022

The choice of word counting units (i.e. word family, flemma, or lemma) is of great importance in vocabulary list and test creation, as there are assumptions underpinning the use of each. Flemma-based counting assumes that if a learner can understand the meaning of a word in one part of speech (POS), they can also understand its meaning when the same word form is used in another POS. A previous quantitative study showed that such an assumption is not always valid, but it did not provide reasons as to why. Therefore, this article presents an interview study probing the challenges learners face when they fail to understand the meaning of a known word form used in a new POS. The data were collected through one-on-one interviews with 16 university students in Japan, where they were asked to demonstrate comprehension of target words embedded in short sentences, as well as to explain how they approached the task. The interviews revealed that factors related to both the words and the learners play a role: some words have more complex meaning relationships across different POS, and some learners did not have advanced enough parsing skills to overcome such complexity. Based on these findings, this article concludes that the flemma might not be a suitable word counting unit for Japanese university students with relatively low levels of proficiency.
Predicting Japanese primary schoolchildren's English vocabulary knowledge from a sound-meaning recognition test
Authors: Kanayama Kohei
Published: February 2022

The purposes of this study were to: (1) build an appropriate model for predicting primary schoolchildren’s English vocabulary knowledge, (2) examine whether the developed model applies to new data, and (3) discuss how to apply the model to L2 vocabulary instruction. More specifically, the study asked third- and fourth-grade public primary school students to take a sound-meaning recognition test. All the study’s target words were katakana English and on the first 1,000-level of word frequency according to JACET (Japan Association of College English Teachers) 8000 and SVL (Standard Vocabulary List ) 12000, however, different numbers of word phonemes were included. The collected data were divided into training and testing data. To build the predictive model from the training data, the study used a generalized linear mixed model, which revealed that: (1) third-graders’ scores were as high as those of fourth-graders, and (2) the more phonemes a word has, the lower the test score. From the model, the study developed a regression formula that made it possible to predict how many primary schoolchildren knew the meaning of a certain word when they listened to its pronunciation. It also found that the predicted percentages from the training data correlated moderately with the actual test scores from the testing data. Therefore, the model achieved moderately high quality for predicting new data.
A Qualitative Study of Caregiving to Older Adults with Depression: “Not the Person I Used to Know”
Authors: Wang Chen Daniel , Kirsh Bonnie , Conn David , Cameron Jill I.
Published: February 2022

This qualitative descriptive study aims to explore family members’ perceptions and experiences as a caregiver to older adults (>65 years) with depression. The findings revealed three key themes reflecting the experiences of caregivers, including “not the person I used to know,” “my life has changed,” and “stigma of depression.” Findings suggest caregiver education is needed to assist caregivers to understand depression, provide appropriate support and care, take care of their own health, maintain participation in valued activities, and minimize the impact of stigma. The study suggests future research to expand the inclusion criteria to depression and other comorbidities.
Perancangan Aplikasi Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) Bagi Anak-Anak Autis di ACTS Surabaya
Authors: Christjahja Jacqueline Kezia , Yusuf Vanessa
Published: February 2022

Selama masa pandemi Covid-19, pembelajaran secara daring dari rumah dinilai sebagai solusi terbaik agar proses belajar-mengajar tetap berjalan. Namun pada kenyataannya, tidak semua anak dapat beradaptasi dengan metode tersebut. Murid-murid autis di Autism Center for Treatment Surabaya (ACTS) adalah salah satu contohnya. Anak autis tentu membutuhkan cara berkomunikasi yang berbeda dari orang pada umumnya. Pada dasarnya, anak autis kesulitan untuk mengekspresikan keinginannya sendiri kepada lawan bicaranya. Kendala ini mengakibatkan terjadinya kesalahpahaman pesan antara murid ACTS dengan orang tuanya di rumah, terutama selama masa Belajar Dari Rumah (BDR). Perancangan aplikasi ini dibuat untuk membantu anak-anak autis agar dapat mengkomunikasikan keinginannya dengan lebih mudah dan tepat kepada orang di sekitarnya. Metode penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif untuk menganalisa dan menjawab permasalahan yang ada. Hasil perancangan berupa sebuah aplikasi Augmentative and Alternative Communication (AAC) berbahasa Indonesia. Perancangan aplikasi ini menggunakan modul pembelajaran komunikasi Picture Exchange Communication System (PECS) fase IV, dan disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan sehari-hari murid ACTS yang kemampuan verbalnya terbatas (speech delay). Dengan perancangan ini diharapkan murid ACTS dapat mengungkapkan kebutuhannya dengan lebih jelas, serta orang tuanya dapat lebih memahami dan merespon dengan tepat.
Permainan atau Penghujatan: Tinjauan Kritis Terhadap Video Game “Fight of Gods”
Authors: Soegiarto Samuel , Iskandar Ezra
Published: February 2022

Permainan dan agama seringkali dianggap dua bidang yang tidak saling terkait satu sama lain. Yang satu dikategorikan sebagai bidang sekuler dan yang satu dipandang sebagai sesuatu yang sakral. Mempertemukan dan menggabungkan dua hal ini bisa menimbulkan berbagai macam reaksi dan sering dianggap kontroversial. Inilah proyek yang diusung video game “Fight of Gods” yang menampilkan berbagai macam tokoh agama dan dewa-dewi dari berbagai macam sistem kepercayaan dengan jurus-jurus yang khas. Tokoh-tokoh sakral seperti Yesus, Buddha, dan Musa akan dipertarungkan satu sama lain di dalam game fighting ini. Beberapa negara seperti Malaysia, Singapore, dan Indonesia dengan segera mendeklarasikan bahwa video game tersebut adalah suatu penghujatan dan langsung menutup akses sehingga game tersebut tidak dapat diunduh dan dimainkan. Namun apakah memang benar bahwa permainan FoG ini telah menghujat dan atau menistakan agama dan kepercayaan? Berdasarkan analisis konsep penghujatan secara historis serta analisis agama didalam kerangka Frank Bosman, permainan FoG belum dapat dikategorikan sebagai penghujatan. Namun, produk seni yang kreatif ini sudah termasuk bentuk desakralisasi agama.
Reduction of Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality Versus Risk of New‐Onset Diabetes Mellitus With Statin Use in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis
Authors: Ozen Gulsen , Dell'Aniello Sophie , Pedro Sofia , Michaud Kaleb , Suissa Samy
Published: February 2022

Objective

To assess the effect of statin use on the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), all‐cause mortality, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Methods

We identified a cohort of patients with RA between 1989 and 2018, within the UK Clinical Practice Research Datalink. We employed a prevalent new‐user cohort design by which patients initiating statins were each matched to 2 concurrent nonusers by the time‐conditional propensity score (TCPS). Patients were followed until the occurrence of the composite end point of myocardial infarction, stroke, hospitalized heart failure or CVD mortality, all‐cause mortality, and incident type 2 DM. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) of each outcome associated with as‐treated statin use, with adjustment for TCPS deciles and imbalanced covariables.

Results

Among 1,768 statin initiators and 3,528 nonusers, 63 versus 340 CVD (3.0 per 100 person‐years versus 2.7 per 100 person‐years) and 62 versus 525 deaths (2.8 per 100 person‐years versus 4.1 per 100 person‐years) occurred. Incident type 2 DM was noted in 128 of 3,608 statin initiators (3.0 per 100 person‐years) and 518 of 7,208 nonusers (2.0 per 100 person‐years). Statin initiation was associated with 32% (HR 0.68 [95% confidence interval (95% CI) 0.51–0.90]) reduction in CVD, 54% (HR 0.46 [95% CI 0.35–0.60]) reduction in all‐cause mortality, and 33% increase in type 2 DM (HR 1.33 [95% CI 1.09–1.63]). The number needed to treat/number needed to harm to prevent a CVD or all‐cause mortality or to cause type 2 DM in 1 year was 102, 42, and 127, respectively.

Conclusion

Statins are associated with important reductions in CVD and mortality that outweigh the modest increase in type 2 DM risk in RA patients.
Escaping the Labyrinth of Bioinspiration: Biodiversity as Key to Successful Product Innovation
Authors: Broeckhoven Chris , du Plessis Anton
Published: February 2022

Nature provides an infinite source of inspiration for innovative designs that may be required to tackle the social, economic, and environmental challenges the world faces. Despite the surging popularity and prevalence, the discipline of bioinspiration is limited in unleashing its full potential by the inadequate understanding of biological and evolutionary concepts, often leading to suboptimal solutions and a lack of further development toward successful products. Here, the constraints and limitations that pose potential pitfalls for bioinspiration, but are generally overlooked by most practitioners of bioinspiration, are discussed. It is highlighted that an awareness of biodiversity is key to address this issue, and ultimately to the successful application of bioinspiration in general. Furthermore, a practical approach to the analysis of biodiversity information is provided and attention is drawn to opportunities for improving the translation of biological knowledge into innovative solutions. Primary emphasis is placed on direct bioinspired product innovations, though many of the concepts central to the ideas are applicable to the wider domain of bioinspired materials science, chemical, and systems engineering, among others. With this perspective, the guiding thread that will enable to escape the labyrinth of bioinspiration and follow the right track to successful innovation is brought back.
Molecular Engineering Enables TADF Emitters Well Suitable for Non‐Doped OLEDs with External Quantum Efficiency of Nearly 30%
Authors: Xie Ziyang , Cao Chen , Zou Yang , Cao Xiaosong , Zhou Changjiang , He Jiawei , Lee Chun‐Sing , Yang Chuluo
Published: February 2022

Non‐doped organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) are particularly appealing due to the merit of the extremely simple device structure. However, the performance of non‐doped OLEDs is usually far inferior than that of doped devices, mainly due to the lack of desirable emitters. An ideal emitter for non‐doped OLEDs should not merely be highly emissive in the host matrix but also be capable of delivering excellent properties in its condensed state. Herein, through molecular engineering, an “axial and equatorial carbazolyl extension” approach to manipulate the molecular packing behavior is developed, and thus, the emitter is awarded with superior properties in its neat film. Based on this approach, through simply modifying the conventional acridine donor in a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter with carbazole moieties in the way of hyper‐conjugation, two new TADF emitters with the molecular skeleton being extended both horizontally and vertically by carbazole moieties are constructed. The resulted TADF emitters reveal superb properties with simultaneous excellent thermal and morphological stabilities, photophysical behaviors, and charge transporting ability in their neat film. Owing to the merits of these synergistic superior properties, highly efficient non‐doped green emissive OLED with the state‐of‐the‐art external quantum efficiency of nearly 30% is realized.
Exploration of the Defect Passivation in Perovskite Materials Using Organic Spacer Cations
Authors: Shen Kongchao , Wang Jingkun , Lu Yu , Shen Yang , Li Yan‐Qing , Su Zhenhuang , Chen Li , Song Fei , Gao Xingyu , Tang Jian‐Xin
Published: February 2022

Quasi‐2D metal halide perovskite light emitting diodes (PeLEDs) have attracted a lot of attentions in recent years, while their potential applications in displays and lighting are limited by the device stability. Although defect passivation in PeLEDs is an effective method to ameliorate the unstable problem, the underlying mechanisms need to be further explored. Herein, organic spacer cations with different charge distributions and formation energies in quasi‐2D CsPbBr3 perovskites are utilized to unravel the defect passivation mechanisms, including phenylmethanamine, 2‐phenylethanamine bromide, and 4‐phenylbutylammonium. The experimental findings and density functional theory calculation reveal that the defect passivation occurs by the electrostatic interaction between defective PbBr64− octahedrons and proper organic spacer cations during the annealing process, particularly at the grain boundaries. The thermal stability of the perovskite films and device performance are improved after the effective defect passivation process. The exploration of the defect passivation process in perovskites will be beneficial to the development of high‐performance PeLEDs.
IL‐36γ and IL‐36Ra Reciprocally Regulate Colon Inflammation and Tumorigenesis by Modulating the Cell–Matrix Adhesion Network and Wnt Signaling
Authors: Yang Wei , Dong Hong‐Peng , Wang Peng , Xu Zhi‐Gao , Xian Jiahuan , Chen Jiachen , Wu Hai , Lou Yang , Lin Dandan , Zhong Bo
Published: February 2022

Inflammatory bowel disease and colorectal cancer are associated with dysregulation of cytokine networks. However, it is challenging to target cytokines for effective intervention because of the overlapping functions and unpredictable interactions of cytokines in such diverse networks. Here, it is shown that IL‐36γ and IL‐36Ra, an agonist and an antagonist for IL‐36R signaling respectively, reciprocally regulate the experimental colitis and the colon cancer development in mice. Knockout or neutralization of IL‐36γ alleviates dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)‐induced colitis and inhibits colon cancer development, whereas knockout of IL‐36Ra exacerbates DSS‐induced colitis and promotes colonic tumorigenesis in multiple colon cancer models in mice. Mechanistically, IL‐36γ upregulates extracellular matrix and cell–matrix adhesion molecules and facilitates Wnt signaling, which is mitigated by IL‐36Ra or IL‐36γ neutralizing antibody. Consistently, IL‐36γ levels are positively correlated with extracellular matrix levels and β‐catenin levels in human colorectal tumor biopsies. These findings suggest the critical role of IL‐36γ and IL‐36Ra in gut inflammation and tumorigenesis and indicate that targeting the IL‐36γ/IL‐36Ra signal balance provides potential therapeutic strategy for inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancers.
Do state Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program policies influence program participation among seniors?
Authors: Jones Jordan W. , Courtemanche Charles , Denteh Augustine , Marton James , Tchernis Rusty
Published: February 2022

Senior participation in the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) has traditionally been lower than other groups among those eligible, with historical estimates below 50%. We examine the impacts of state SNAP policies on program participation among low‐income senior (age 60 and older) and nonsenior households using data from the 2001 to 2014 December Current Population Survey Food Security Supplement. Our results suggest that policies designed to expand SNAP eligibility modestly increased participation among seniors but led to larger increases among nonseniors. In contrast, we find little evidence of effects of policies related to transaction costs, stigma, or outreach on either group.
On the parameter refinement of inflated exoplanets with large radius uncertainty based on TESS observations
Authors: Alexoudi Xanthippi
Published: February 2022

We revisited 10 known exoplanetary systems using publicly available data provided by the transiting exoplanet survey satellite (TESS). The sample presented in this work consists of short period transiting exoplanets, with inflated radii and large reported uncertainty on their planetary radii. The precise determination of these values is crucial in order to develop accurate evolutionary models and understand the inflation mechanisms of these systems. Aiming to evaluate the planetary radius measurement, we made use of the planet‐to‐star radii ratio, a quantity that can be measured during a transit event. We fit the obtained transit light curves of each target with a detrending model and a transit model. Furthermore, we used emcee, which is based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach, to assess the best fit posterior distributions of each system parameter of interest. We refined the planetary radius of WASP‐140 b by approximately 12%, and we derived a better precision on its reported asymmetric radius uncertainty by approximately 86 and 67%. We also refined the orbital parameters of WASP‐120 b by . Moreover, using the high‐cadence TESS datasets, we were able to solve a discrepancy in the literature, regarding the planetary radius of the exoplanet WASP‐93 b. For all the other exoplanets in our sample, even though there is a tentative trend that planetary radii of (near‐) grazing systems have been slightly overestimated in the literature, the planetary radius estimation and the orbital parameters were confirmed with independent observations from space, showing that TESS and ground‐based observations are overall in good agreement.
Genome Editing‐accelerated Re‐Domestication (GEaReD) – A new major direction in plant breeding
Authors: Hanak Tobias , Madsen Claus Krogh , Brinch‐Pedersen Henrik
Published: February 2022

Background

The effects of climate change, soil depletion, a growing world population putting pressure on food safety and security are major challenges for agriculture in the 21st century. The breeding success of the green revolution has decelerated and current programs can only offset the yield affecting factors.

Purpose and scope

New approaches are urgently needed and “Genome Editing‐accelerated Re‐Domestication” (GEaReD) is proposed as a major new direction in plant breeding. By combining the upcoming technologies for phenotyping, omics, and artificial intelligence with the promising new CRISPR‐toolkits, this approach is closer than ever.

Summary and conclusion

Wild relatives of current crops are often adapted to harsh environments and have a high genetic diversity. Redomestication of wild barley or teosinte could generate new cultivars adapted to environmental changes. De novo domestication of perennial relatives such as Hordeum bulbosum could counter soil depletion and increase soil carbon. Recent research already proved the principle of redomestication in tomato and rice and therefore laid the foundation for GEaReD.
Extracellular vesicles facilitate large‐scale dynamic exchange of proteins and RNA among cultured Chinese hamster ovary and human cells
Authors: Belliveau Jessica , Papoutsakis Eleftherios T.
Published: February 2022

Cells in culture are viewed as unique individuals in a large population communicating through extracellular molecules and, more recently extracellular vesicles (EVs). Our data here paint a different picture: large‐scale exchange of cellular material through EVs. To visualize the dynamic production and cellular uptake of EVs, we used correlative confocal microscopy and scanning electron microscopy, as well as flow cytometry to interrogate labeled cells. Using cells expressing fluorescent proteins (GFP, miRFP703) and cells tagged with protein and RNA dyes, we show that Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells dynamically produce and uptake EVs to exchange proteins and RNAs at a large scale. Applying a simple model to our data, we estimate, for the first time, the per cell‐specific rates of EV production (68 and 203 microparticles and exosomes, respectively, per day). This EV‐mediated massive exchange of cellular material observed in CHO cultures was also observed in cultured human CHRF‐288‐11 and primary hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. This study demonstrates an underappreciated massive protein and RNA exchange between cells mediated by EVs spanning cell type, suggesting that the proximity of cells in normal and tumor tissues may also result in prolific exchange of cellular material. This exchange would be expected to homogenize the cell‐population cytosol and dynamically regulate cell proliferation and the cellular state.
The microbiota‐gut‐brain axis and epilepsy from a multidisciplinary perspective: Clinical evidence and technological solutions for improvement of in vitro preclinical models
Authors: Fusco Federica , Perottoni Simone , Giordano Carmen , Riva Antonella , Iannone Luigi Francesco , De Caro Carmen , Russo Emilio , Albani Diego , Striano Pasquale
Published: February 2022

Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterized by the enduring predisposition of the brain to generate seizures. Among the recognized causes, a role played by the gut microbiota in epilepsy has been hypothesized and supported by new investigative approaches. To dissect the microbiota‐gut‐brain (MGB) axis involvement in epilepsy, in vitro modeling approaches arouse interest among researchers in the field. This review summarizes, first of all, the evidence of a role of the MGB axis in epilepsy by providing an overview of the recent clinical and preclinical studies and showing how dietary modification, microbiome supplementations, and hence, microbiota alterations may have an impact on seizures. Subsequently, the currently available strategies to study epilepsy on animal and in vitro models are described, focusing attention on these latter and the technological challenges for integration with already existing MGB axis models. Finally, the implementation of existing epilepsy in vitro systems is discussed, offering a complete overview of the available technological tools which may improve reliability and clinical translation of the results towards the development of innovative therapeutic approaches, taking advantage of complementary technologies.
Appendiceal disease in hematopoietic cell transplantation
Authors: Wright Zachary , Essien Francis , Renshaw John , Wiggins Michael , Brown Alexander , Osswald Michael
Published: February 2022

Appendiceal diseases are rare reported complications during hematopoietic stem cell transplantation with no guidance on management in the published literature. Medical therapy may be considered in selected patients prior to surgical solutions.
Anesthetic management in a patient with Arnold‐Chiari malformation type 1,5: A case report
Authors: Coviello Antonio , Golino Ludovica , Posillipo Concetta , Marra Annachiara , Tognù Andrea , Servillo Giuseppe
Published: February 2022

A 42‐year‐old male patient with Arnold‐Chiari malformation type 1,5 (ACM‐1,5) came to implant a hip prosthesis. He underwent a previous general anesthesia, with difficult airway management and complication in awakening. In this second surgery, an extradural approach was preferred to keep intracranial pressure and hemodynamics stable.
Laparoscopic surgery for a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck with an ovarian tumor: An extremely rare clinical finding
Authors: Tominaga Marie , Morikawa Kyoko , Ogawa Yutaro , Kamimura Naomi , Tsuneki Ikunosuke , Tamura Masaki , Yanase Toru , Kobayashi Kazuaki , Sato Daisuke , Kameyama Hitoshi , Iwaya Akira , Yokoyama Naoyuki , Kuwabara Shiro , Yamazaki Toshiyuki , Otani Tetsuya , Kurabayashi Takumi
Published: February 2022

This clinical image presents an unusual report of simultaneous laparoscopic resection of a hydrocele of the canal of Nuck and an ovarian tumor. Laparoscopic treatment with a proper approach is a useful technique in some cases.
Severe hyponatremia as the presenting manifestation of primary empty sella syndrome
Authors: Takkavatakarn Kullaya , Wipattanakitcharoen Aschariya , Katavetin Pisut , Eiam‐Ong Somchai
Published: February 2022

Severe hyponatremia is associated with neurological impairment and mortality. Furthermore, severe hyponatremia can be the first presentation of several diseases. Therefore, an appropriate investigation for the underlying causes of hyponatremia apart from the proper correction of sodium levels, might lead to a diagnosis of occult diseases.
Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis of Gougerot–Carteaud in a North African patient
Authors: Elinkichari Dorsaf , Jaber Kahena , Rabhi Faten , Dhaoui Raouf
Published: February 2022

Confluent and reticulated papillomatosis (CRP) is an underdiagnosed skin condition of uncertain etiology. The antibacterial and most importantly the anti‐inflammatory mechanisms of some antibiotics seem to explain the effectiveness of these medications. Other measures such as reducing weight and treating an underlying endocrine disorder may be helpful.
Preference for sublingual immunotherapy with tablets in a Spanish population with allergic rhinitis
Authors: Bøgelund Mette , Ingelmo Ana Rosado , Ruiz Jose María Ausín , Vivó Adolfo Galán , Brandi Henrik , Pedersen Mikkel Hasse , Loftager Anne Sofie Ledgaard , Aagren Mark
Published: February 2022

Background

This study investigated patients' preference for allergy immunotherapy (AIT) administered as either sublingual immunotherapy‐tablets versus monthly or weekly subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT) from a Spanish patient perspective.

Methods

A discrete choice experiment (DCE) consisting of two blocks with eight choice sets in each was constructed to elicit the preferences for AIT. Three attributes were included in the DCE for the mode of administration, including the frequency of administration, the risk of systemic reactions and the co‐payment. Adults and caregivers of children with moderate to severe allergic rhinitis (AR) were included if they were not currently receiving or had not previously received AIT.

Results

In total, 587 adults and 613 caregivers started the survey. Of those, 579 adults and 611 caregivers completed the survey and were included in the study. Both adults and caregivers had a significant preference for tablets compared with both monthly and weekly injections (p ≤ 0.0001). Furthermore, the respondents showed a significant preference for reducing the risk of systemic reactions. Subgroup analyses showed that caregivers of polyallergic children and female caregivers were significantly less price sensitive when choosing their preferred treatment.

Conclusion

Our study demonstrated that both adults with AR and caregivers of children with AR prefer daily SLIT‐tablets to SCIT with either a weekly or monthly dose schedule.
Association between timely targeted treatment and outcomes in patients with metastatic HER2‐overexpressing gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma
Authors: Lau‐Min Kelsey S. , Li Yimei , Eads Jennifer R. , Mamtani Ronac , Getz Kelly D.
Published: February 2022

Background

Timely targeted treatment initiation can be challenging because additional biomarker testing is needed for eligibility. The authors hypothesized that timely targeted treatment improves survival relative to nontimely initiation in metastatic HER2+ gastroesophageal adenocarcinoma (GEA).

Methods

The authors performed a retrospective cohort study of metastatic HER2+ GEA treated with first‐line (1L) systemic therapy from January 2011 to December 2017 using a nationwide electronic health record–derived deidentified database. Timely targeted treatment—trastuzumab initiation within 14 days after starting 1L chemotherapy—was assessed as a time‐varying exposure. Nontimely targeted treatment included patients who initiated trastuzumab after 14 days or who lacked documentation of receiving trastuzumab. Extended Cox regressions compared overall survival (OS) and progression‐free survival (PFS) between timely and nontimely groups.

Results

A total of 320 patients were included; 59.1% received timely trastuzumab. Relative to nontimely initiation, timely trastuzumab was associated with significantly higher OS (2‐year OS, 32.1% vs 15.3%; adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.67; 95% CI, 0.51‐0.88) and PFS (2‐year PFS, 9.2% vs 3.7%; adjusted HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.55‐0.93). Results remained similar in sensitivity analyses 1) using alternative “timeliness” definitions up to 70 days after starting 1L chemotherapy, 2) comparing any trastuzumab, regardless of timing of initiation, to no trastuzumab, and 3) excluding patients lacking documentation of receiving trastuzumab.

Conclusions

Improved survival was observed among metastatic HER2+ GEA patients treated with trastuzumab versus those who were not, regardless of timing of initiation. Although these results reassure clinicians that modest targeted treatment delays may not be detrimental to outcomes, efforts should still ensure that all metastatic HER2+ GEA patients receive trastuzumab.
Energy storage and stress–strain characteristics of a prosthetic foot: a priori design and analysis with experiments
Authors: Mannan Balaramakrishnan Thirunindravur , Natarajan Sundararajan , Sujatha Srinivasan
Published: February 2022

This work proposes an experimentally validated numerical approach for a systematic a priori evaluation of the energy storage and stress–strain characteristics of a prosthetic foot during the stance phase of walking. Boundary conditions replicating the rocker based inverted pendulum model were incorporated. The mechanically complex Ottobock Solid Ankle Cushioned Heel (SACH) foot was opted as the test device. A non‐linear finite element (FE) model of the device was developed inclusive of its sources of non‐linearity. A custom rig was fabricated to investigate the prosthetic foot's mechanics in a gait analysis facility and experimentally validate the finite element approach. The numerical and experimental outcomes showed fair agreement, with the centre of pressure at the foot–floor interface deviating by 1.56 mm at the instance of highest strain. The magnitude and the distribution of the energy stored and a series of stress and strain parameters were analyzed for the test device using the proposed approach. The novel methodology proposed may act as an effective tool for the design, analysis, and prescription of energy storage and return prosthetic feet.
Drivers of corporate social responsibility and firm performance for sustainable development—An institutional theory approach
Authors: Ng Peggy M. L. , Wut Tai Ming , Lit Kam Kong , Cheung Cherry T. Y.
Published: February 2022

Chinese companies are aware of the importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) nowadays, but the drivers of CSR practices or activities are unknown. To bridge this research gap, this study examined the links between both internal and external factors and firm performance in the Chinese context and developed a new theoretical framework integrating the indigenous characteristics of CSR in China to predict the factors that affect Chinese CSR. Data from 530 Chinese managers from manufacturing and non‐manufacturing firms were collected via a survey through SoJump (sojump.com) and analysed using structural equation modelling. One internal institutional factor (top management commitment) and three external factors (environmental legislative pressure, peer imitation pressure and normative social pressure) were found to strongly and positively predict CSR practices. The major contribution of this study is that, it demonstrates the intervening role of CSR practices in strengthening firm performance from a management perspective.