bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Surface warming in global cities is substantially more rapid than in rural background areas
Authors: Liu Zihan , Zhan Wenfeng , Bechtel Benjamin , Voogt James , Lai Jiameng , Chakraborty Tirthankar , Wang Zhi-Hua , Li Manchun , Huang Fan , Lee Xuhui
Published: September 2022

Warming trends in cities are influenced both by large-scale climate processes and by local-scale urbanization. However, little is known about how surface warming trends of global cities differ from those characterized by weather observations in the rural background. Here, through statistical analyses of satellite land surface temperatures (2002 to 2021), we find that the mean surface warming trend is 0.50 ± 0.20 K·decade−1 (mean ± one S.D.) in the urban core of 2000-plus city clusters worldwide, and is 29% greater than the trend for the rural background. On average, background climate change is the largest contributor explaining 0.30 ± 0.11 K·decade−1 of the urban surface warming. In city clusters in China and India, however, more than 0.23 K·decade−1 of the mean trend is attributed to urban expansion. We also find evidence of urban greening in European cities, which offsets 0.13 ± 0.034 K·decade−1 of background surface warming.
Advanced density-based methods for the characterization of materials, binding events, and kinetics
Authors: Doan-Nguyen Thao P. , Crespy Daniel
Published: September 2022

Investigations of the densities of chemicals and materials bring valuable insights into the fundamental understanding of matter and processes.
A semiempirical potential for alkali halide diatoms with damped interactions I. Rittner potential
Authors: Sheng Xiaowei , Tang Kwong Tin , Toennies J. Peter
Published: September 2022

Damping functions are added to the T-Rittner potential of alkali halide diatoms, with the result that the potential has a realistic repulsive potential similar to isoelectronic rare gas dimers, but orders of magnitude deeper attractive wells.
Dietary fibers obtained from Caulerpa lentillifera prevent high-fat diet-induced obesity in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles
Authors: You Ying , Song Haoran , Yan Chunhong , Ai Chunqing , Tong Yuqin , Zhu Beiwei , Song Shuang
Published: September 2022

Dietary fibers from C. lentillifera ameliorate obesity in mice by regulating the gut microbiota and metabolite profiles.
Roasting pretreatment of walnut (Juglans regiaL.) kernels: improvement of the oil flavor profile and correlation with the chemical composition
Authors: Bi Shuang , Niu Xiaoyuan , Yang Fan , Xu Ying , Dai Yixin , Liu Ye , Zhou Qi
Published: September 2022

Mechanism of roasting pretreatment of walnut kernels to improve the flavor and sensory properties of walnut oil.
Photoisomerization and local stability in molecular and polymer-network glasses
Authors: Salerno K. Michael , Lenhart Joseph L. , de Pablo Juan , Sirk Timothy W.
Published: September 2022

We explore the photo-response of azobenzene compositions in glassy epoxy matrices, finding that the response time of individual azobenzenes is distributed according to a power law, where the median response can be tuned by both azobenzene chemistry and matrix properties.
LC-MS-based metabolomics reveals the in vivo effect of Shegan Mahuang Decoction in an OVA-induced rat model of airway hyperresponsiveness
Authors: Han Yuqing , Guo Wenjun , Li Xingxing , Xu Xiaohang , Yang Jingxuan , Xie Shengxu , Liu Yue , Zhang Hongming , Wang Yang , Xu Yajuan
Published: September 2022

This study reveals that the Shegan Mahuang Decoction (SMD) exerts an anti-asthma effect against OVA-induced airway AHR via comprehensively modulating the sphingolipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and PPAR signaling pathways.
A comparative study of Zr, Al or Sr doped Mn/MCM-41 for NH3-SCR and resistance to SO2/H2O
Authors: Li Jing , He Shulin , Guo Jiaxiu , Liang Juan , Chu Yinghao , Li Jianjun
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the effects of Zr, Al or Sr doped Mn/MCM-41 on NH3-SCR activity, SO2/H2O resistance and mechanism were studied.
Coordination site manipulation of the annular growth mechanism to assemble chiral lanthanide clusters with different shapes and magnetic properties
Authors: Long Bing-Fan , Yu Shui , Zhu Zhong-Hong , Li Yun-Lan , Liang Fu-Pei , Zou Hua-Hong
Published: September 2022

We are the first to achieve the directional construction of chiral lanthanide clusters by regulating the hydroxyl coordination sites at different positions on the ligands by manipulating the annular growth mechanism.
Nickel-catalyzed reductive decarboxylation of fatty acids for drop-in biofuel production
Authors: Silva Maria do S. B. da , Araujo Jhudson G. L. de , Bento Júlia C. C. V. , Azevedo Amanda M. de , Souto Carlos R. O. , Anjos Aécia S. D. dos , Araújo Aruzza M. M. de , Silva Djalma R. da , Menezes Fabrício G. , Gondim Amanda D. , Cavalcanti Lívia N.
Published: September 2022

An operationally simple and highly selective method for the Ni-catalyzed decarboxylation of redox active esters (RAEs) derived from fatty acids under remarkably mild conditions is described herein.
Synthesis of manganese molybdate/MWCNT nanostructure composite with a simple approach for supercapacitor applications
Authors: Yousefipour Kian , Sarraf-Mamoory Rasoul , Mollayousefi Shadi
Published: September 2022

A comparative study on the supercapacitive properties of MnMoO4/MWCNT and MnMoO4 was conducted to assemble a high-performance supercapacitor device for future energy technologies.
Zinc ion detection using a benzothiazole-based highly selective fluorescence “turn-on” chemosensor and its real-time application
Authors: Enbanathan Saravanan , Munusamy Sathishkumar , Jothi Dhanapal , Manojkumar Selin , Manickam Saravanakumar , Iyer Sathiyanarayanan Kulathu
Published: September 2022

A new photochromic fluorescence chemosensor was devised and effectively synthesized using benzothiazole and imidazopyridine derivatives.
A water-soluble membrane transporter for biologically relevant cations
Authors: Yang Kylie , Boles Jessica E. , White Lisa J. , Hilton Kira L. F. , Lai Hin Yuk , Long Yifan , Hiscock Jennifer R. , Haynes Cally J. E.
Published: September 2022

Synthetic ionophores are promising therapeutic targets, yet poor water solubility limits their potential for translation into the clinic. Here we report a water soluble, supramolecular self-associating amphiphile (SSA) with cation transport function.
Polyurethane–P2S5 composite-based solid-state electrolyte assists low polarization and high stability all-solid-state lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Cui Peng , Sun Chun , Dai Hanqing , Wei Wei
Published: September 2022

Block copolymer electrolytes represented by polyurethane (PU) have become the forefront field of organic solid-state electrolytes for high-performance lithium-metal batteries due to their superb mechanical properties.
In situcopper nanoparticle immobilization on the indigo carmine-functionalized chitosan: a versatile biocatalyst towards CO2fixation and click reactions in water
Authors: Khodkari Vida , Nazeri Mohammad Taghi , Javanbakht Siamak , Shaabani Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Chitosan was first functionalized with indigo carmine (IC) and then Cu nanoparticles (Cu2O and CuO) were immobilized on the IC-functionalized chitosan. This biocatalyst was investigated with respect to the oxidation state of Cu in click and CO2fixation reactions.
Chemical CO2 fixation using a green biocatalytic system based on Ugi conjugated cobalt phthalocyanine on cellulose
Authors: Nazeri Mohammad Taghi , Ramezani Maryam , Javanbakht Siamak , Shaabani Ahmad
Published: September 2022

Reducing Earth's atmospheric CO2 to achieve a sustainable environment is one of the most important challenges nowadays. The use of heterogeneous catalysts to absorb CO2 and convert it into chemical products is one of the well-known solutions.
N-Alkylimidazolium carboxylates as a new type of catanionic surface active ionic liquid: synthesis, thermotropic behavior and micellization in water
Authors: Wachsmann Sebastian B. , Bauhof Jessica , Raab Aileen Rebecca , Zens Anna , Sottmann Thomas , Laschat Sabine
Published: September 2022

Salt-free 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium alkylcarboxylates [Cnmim][Cm−1COO] CASAILs improve bulk thermal stability, maintain broad-lamellar (SmA) mesophases, self-organize into micelles in water and exhibit a remarkable high surface activity.
In situ preparation of hydroxyapatite in lamellar liquid crystals for joint lubrication and drug delivery
Authors: Fan Lei , Song Chao , Lu Ximing , Wang Tong , Han Jie , Guo Rong
Published: September 2022

The HAP/Tween85/Tween80/H2O composite LLC demonstrates excellent anti-friction and anti-wear performance due to the synergistic effect of friction film and LLC structure. And the introduction of HAP facilitates the sustained release of ibuprofen.
One-pot simultaneous ARGET ATRP strategy on widening long-range ion channels to facilitate ion conductivity for alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cells
Authors: Yang Haicun , Jiang Yu , Wu Kaide , Cai Shuipi , Ma Wenzhong , Cao Zheng , Gong Fanghong , Liu Chunlin , Tao Guoliang , Pan Ji
Published: September 2022

Here, we report a new facile method to improve both the conductivity and alkaline stability of AEMs by directly growing poly(ionic liquid) from BrPPO and Br@CNTs via one-pot simultaneous ARGET ATRP and the following ionizing co-crosslink.
Sulfonated, oxidized pectin-based double crosslinked bioprosthetic valve leaflets for synergistically enhancing hemocompatibility and cytocompatibility and reducing calcification
Authors: Hu Mengyue , Peng Xu , Shi Shubin , Wan Chang , Cheng Can , Lei Ningning , Yu Xixun
Published: September 2022

The synergistic strategy of sulfonated, oxidized pectin and quercetin can enhance the BVLs’ mechanical properties and also endow BVLs with excellent hemocompatibility, anti-inflammatory, anti-calcification, and pro-endothelialization.
Sc dopant induced tailoring of persistent luminescence in Na3YSi3O9:Eu2+ for information recording
Authors: Zhang Kang , Wang Bo , Liu Tianpeng , An Hongxiang , Deng Shuwei , Hu Zhiyu , Kong Youchao , Zeng Qingguang
Published: September 2022

A novel green afterglow Na3(Y,Sc)Si3O9:Eu2+ phosphor is synthesized for optical data storage and latent fingerprint recognition.
A low‐carbon economic dispatch model for electricity market with wind power based on improved ant‐lion optimisation algorithm
Authors: Yan Renwu , Lin Yihan , Yu Ning , Wu Yi
Published: September 2022

Introducing carbon trading into electricity market can convert carbon dioxide into schedulable resources with economic value. However, the randomness of wind power generation puts forward higher requirements for electricity market transactions. Therefore, the carbon trading market is introduced into the wind power market, and a new form of low‐carbon economic dispatch model is developed. First, the economic dispatch goal of wind power is be considered. It is projected to save money and reduce the cost of power generation for the system. The model includes risk operating costs to account for the impact of wind power output variability on the system, as well as wind farm negative efficiency operating costs to account for the loss caused by wind abandonment. The model also employs carbon trading market metrics to achieve the goal of lowering system carbon emissions, and analyze the impact of different carbon trading prices on the system. A low‐carbon economic dispatch model for the wind power market is implemented based on the following two goals. Finally, the solution is optimised using the Ant‐lion optimisation method, which combines Levi's flight mechanism and golden sine. The proposed model and algorithm's rationality is proven through the use of cases.
A fine‐to‐coarse‐to‐fine weakly supervised framework for volumetric SD‐OCT image segmentation
Authors: Niu Sijie , Xing Ruiwen , Gao Xizhan , Liu Tingting , Chen Yuehui
Published: September 2022

Obtaining accurate segmentation of central serous chorioretinopathy in spectral‐domain optical coherence tomography (SD‐OCT) is critical for the determination of the disease severity. Although existing methods achieve considerable segmentation results, they heavily depend on large‐scale data with high‐quality annotations. Also, the lesions bear a large shape variation across different patients, which are often difficult to encode. To address the above problems, we propose a fine‐to‐coarse‐to‐fine weakly supervised framework. Specifically, global alternate max‐avg pooling (GTP) network can be employed to locate the lesion regions accurately by using only image‐level annotations. A network module based on the GTP network and a semantic transfer module are proposed to iteratively guide the network to continuously discover and expand the target lesion regions. Then, we employ 3D grey distribution histogram to generate pseudo‐volumetric labels. Finally, a novel 3D level set loss function is proposed to perform coarse‐to‐fine volumetric segmentation. Experiments on a challenging dataset demonstrate that the performance of our proposed method is closer to those of models trained with pixel‐level supervision.
Residual dense collaborative network for salient object detection
Authors: Han Yibo , Wang Liejun , Cheng Shuli , Li Yongming , Du Anyu
Published: September 2022

Owing to the renaissance of deep convolutional neural networks (CNN), salient object detection based on fully convolutional neural networks (FCNs) has attracted widespread attention. However, the scale variation of prominent objects, complex background features and fuzzy edges have historically been a great challenge to us. All these are closely associated with the utilization of multi‐level and multi‐scale features. At the same time, deep learning methods meet the challenges of computation and memory consumption in practice. To address these problems, the authors propose a different salient object detection method based on residuals learning and dense fusion learning framework. The proposed network is named Residual Dense Collaborative Network (RDCNet). First of all, the authors design a multi‐layer residual learning (MRL) module to extract salient object features in more detail, getting the utmost out of the object's multi‐scale and multi‐level information. Then, on the basis of the vigoroso stage‐wise convolution feature, the authors put forward the dilated convolution module (DCM) to acquire a rough global saliency map. Finally, the final accurate saliency detection map is obtained through dense cooperation learning (DCL), and the remaining learning is also used to improve gradually, so as to achieve high compactness and high‐efficiency results. Experimental results show that this method is the most advanced method for five widely used datasets (DUTS‐TE, HKU‐IS, PASCAL‐S, ECSSD, DUT‐OMRON) without any pre‐processing and post‐processing. Especially on the ECSSD dataset, the F‐measure of RDCNet achieves 95.2%.
Positioning method of expressway ETC gantry by multi‐source traffic data
Authors: Guo Feng , Zou Fumin , Luo Sijie , Chen Haobin , Yu Xiang , Zhang Cheng , Liao Lyuchao
Published: September 2022

With the rapid development of expressway Electronic Toll Collection (ETC) technology in China, the expressway management system is becoming digital and intelligent, which provides a solid foundation for expressway vehicle infrastructure cooperation and autonomous driving. The gantry position is the key part of the ETC system. However, there are still some problems (e.g. gantry position missing or false), which can seriously affect the intelligent development of expressways. To address these two issues, an ETC gantry positioning method is proposed. First, the ETC transaction data and the GPS data on expressways are preprocessed to remove abnormal data and retrieve missed data. Then, combined with Dead Reckoning (DR) and Median Center, the potential position of the gantry is calculated from ETC transaction data and GPS data. Finally, the switching strategy based on Kalman Filter (KF) is used to capture the final gantry position. By comparing the results of the proposal with the collected gantry position, it is found that the positioning error of the gantry position calculated by this proposal is about 37 m. The positioning accuracy is 98.78% with the threshold of 100 m. The experimental results show that the proposal can effectively locate the expressway gantry.
Smart grid security: Attacks and defence techniques
Authors: Kim Yoonjib , Hakak Saqib , Ghorbani Ali
Published: September 2022

The smart grid (SG) consists of three main components, that is, Information Technology (IT), Operational Technology (OT), and Advanced Metring Infrastructure (AMI). Due to the integration of these components, electricity is efficiently managed and transmitted. Over the past few years, cyberattacks on the SG have risen. Several studies are being conducted to mitigate these attacks. A survey on cyberattacks on IT, OT, and AMI is conducted. We have also identified new research challenges and explored future research directions.
Impact du creusement au tunnelier sur un pieu : synthèse de l’exercice de prévision TULIP
Authors: Berthoz Nicolas , Bourgeois Emmanuel , Branque Denis , Michalski Agathe , Mohamad Wassim , Le Kouby Alain , Szymkiewicz Fabien , Kreziak Charles
Published: September 2022

Un exercice de prévision a été organisé dans le cadre du projet de recherche TULIP (TUnneliers et Limitation des Impacts sur des Pieux) sur la base d’une expérimentation en vraie grandeur originale réalisée sur la ligne 16 du Grand Paris Express. Cet exercice de modélisation a vu une large mobilisation des acteurs des travaux souterrains (bureaux d’études, entreprises, concepteurs de logiciels géotechniques, universitaires) qui ont confronté leurs approches d’estimation des déplacements induits en surface du terrain, du tassement d’un pieu, et des efforts induits dans le pieu par le passage du tunnelier. La synthèse des hypothèses effectuées entre les différents participants révèle tout d’abord une grande diversité d’approches, tant en termes de choix des caractéristiques géotechniques des terrains à données d’entrée constantes, qu’en termes de procédés de modélisation du tunnelier. La synthèse des résultats des différents modèles et leur comparaison aux résultats expérimentaux révèle ensuite une dispersion significative, preuve que l’estimation de l’impact d’un tunnelier sur des fondations profondes reste un sujet ouvert à l’heure actuelle, avec une optimisation possible des projets.
Testing the Bromide penetration resistance of concrete: substitution of NaCl by NaBr in Rapide Chloride/Bromide Migration Test (RCM/RBM)
Authors: Langer Christoph , Kapteina Gesa
Published: September 2022

The chloride migration coefficient of concrete describes the resistance of concrete against chloride ingress. This important material variable can be determined with the rapid chloride migration test (RCM). During the test, chloride ions penetrate concrete by means of an applied electrical field. If the concrete has already been exposed to chlorides before the test starts, the test set up has to be adapted to achieve reliable results. Due to repeated exposure to the same salt (e.g. NaCl), there is no direct possibility to distinguish the chloride ions from the test procedure and the exposure before this, within the initial test procedure. Therefore, the RCM-test setup has been adapted by replacing NaCl through NaBr in the same molar amount. Consequently, this adapted test setup is called the rapid bromide migration test (RBM). The indicator silver nitrate AgNO3 forms sparingly soluble silver salts (AgCl, AgBr) in the presence of halogen ions (e.g. Cl-, Br-), which form a white precipitate in areas with Cl- or Br- ions. The penetration depths are measured at two split cylinder halves. In case the RBM-specimen has previously been exposed to NaCl, an analyzation technique has to be available for the two elements Cl and Br to enable a differentiation. As the white precipitate areas - a result of the formation of AgCl and AgBr - have a quite similar visual appearance, a differentiation cannot be achieved and other analytical techniques have to be considered. With laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), it is possible to determine the depth-dependent ion quantity (wt.-% of Cl or wt.-% of Br). In this study, it is shown by test results that it is possible to exchange NaCl by NaBr in the RCM test, since the penetration behavior of both ions (Cl-, Br-) is very similar in the migration test.
Influence of alkali content and silica modulus on the carbonation kinetics of alkali-activated slag concrete
Authors: Bukvic Olivera , Serdar Marijana
Published: September 2022

Carbonation is inevitable process during the service life of concrete structures, where CO2 causes decalcification of the calcium-bearing phases. These changes affect the durability of concrete and accelerate the corrosion of reinforcement. Alkali-activated materials (AAMs) are alternative, cement-free binders based on aluminosilicate rich precursor and alkaline activator. The interest in AAMs increased during the last century, due to the production process with low CO2 footprint comparing to Portland cement (PC) concrete, the possibility to use wide range of industrial by-products as precursors and comparable performance to PC concrete. Despite the extensive research in this field, the carbonation resistance of AAMs needs to be better understood, due to the differences and complexity of binder chemistry compared to PC concrete. The propagation of carbonation process will depend on chemical composition of the precursors and the type and dosage of activators. This paper presents the results of microstructural changes of three alkali-activated concrete mixes after exposure to accelerated carbonation. Ground granulated blast furnace slag was used as a precursor and sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as activators. Three mixes have constant water to binder ratio and slag content, while alkali content and silica modulus were varied. The carbonation resistance was evaluated by testing carbonation depth after 7 and 28 days of exposure in carbonation chamber. Microstructural changes during carbonation were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis and mercury intrusion porosimetry.
Effectiveness of concrete curing compounds in extreme windy and dry conditions
Authors: Spijkerman Zelda , Boshoff William P , Smit Martha S
Published: September 2022

Curing is one of the most crucial phases of concrete conditioning as it determines not only the long-term strength, but also influences the durability. Curing compounds are useful for reducing the evaporation rate of water from the concrete surface. They are typically sprayed on concrete as soon as possible after consolidation, especially for concrete members that have large areas exposed to the environment. These compounds have been proven to work well, however, how effective are different curing compounds in a variety of high wind and high temperature with low relative humidity conditions? The focus of this work is the effectiveness of different types of curing compounds at windy and dry conditions. The tests were done in a state-of-the-art Mobile Climate Chamber (MCC) where the weight of all samples was measured constantly to determine the water loss. It was concluded that the resin-emulsion based curing compound performed best at all environmentally tested conditions. The acrylic-based curing compound performed worse than the control, where nothing was applied to the top surface.
In sieben Phasen zum gesunden Wandel – Veränderungen gemeinsam gestalten
Authors: Holtmeier Lisa
Published: September 2022

Nichts ist so beständig wie der Wandel – das wusste schon der Philosoph Heraklit vor mehr als 2500 Jahren. Insbesondere im Gesundheitswesen ändert sich ständig irgendetwas. Eine Kollegin ist schwanger, ein neuer Standort wird eröffnet, Arbeitsabläufe werden optimiert, es gibt neue Auflagen, Vorlagen oder Verträge, wechselnde Mitarbeitende und ständig neue Klient*innen. Warum Veränderungen oft unbeliebt sind und wie Sie Veränderungsprozesse gesund gestalten können, zeigt der folgende Beitrag.
COPHYD (Corona Owed Physical Deficiency): The Impact of Lockdown on
Cardiopulmonary Function in Paediatric Cardiology Patients
Authors: Stäbler Tim , Weigelt Annika , Rottermann Kathrin , Wällisch Wolfgang , Hübner Matthias , Dittrich Sven , Schöffl Isabelle
Published: September 2022

Introduction Due to the Corona-lockdowns the closure of sports facilities
and schools has led to a decline in physical activity (PA) for months. PA is
essential for maintaining cardiopulmonary function assessed by peak oxygen
uptake. Since peak oxygen uptake represents the best predictor for mortality and
morbidity in children with congenital heart disease the impact of lockdowns on
this parameter is vital.

Methods We evaluated retrospectively cardiopulmonary exercise data from
our patient collective from before lockdown with twin-paired data from during
lockdown. The twin-pairing was achieved by matching patients with similar heart
disease, age, sex, and test method. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing was
achieved on either the treadmill or the bicycle.

Results We were able to twin-pair 90 cases (26 twins with heart disease
and 19 healthy twins). There was a significant decrease of cardiopulmonary
function (V̇O2peak: 35.7±9.8 vs.30.4±10.6) in
the heart disease cohort along with a significant decrease in peak oxygen pulse
(13.3±4.1 vs. 11.4±4.5), and peak minute ventilation (V
̇E: 83.05±29.08 vs.71,49±24.96). The healthy children
improved over the timeframe, but this only reached significance for peak minute
ventilation (81.72±25.79 vs.97.94±31.4).

Conclusion We observed a significant decline of peak oxygen uptake during
lockdown in the group of congenital heart disease (CHD) patients. This involved
a loss of cardiac function as well as pulmonary function. This could be
explained by limited access to sports facilities and restriction of regular
daily movement due to school closure and overprotection. Healthy children
improved their pulmonary function. This might be an indication of an improvement
of exercise during confinement.
Aktualisierte AWMF Leitlinie über die Diagnostik und Therapie
der akuten lymphoblastische Leukämie im Kindesalter
Authors: Escherich Gabriele , Schrappe Martin
Published: September 2022

Die Überlebensraten der akuten lymphoblastischen Leukämie (ALL)
im Kindesalter erreichen heutzutage in Abhängigkeit von den initialen
Risikofaktoren im Durchschnitt 85% . Die erfolgreiche Behandlung dieser
schweren Erkrankung beruht auf der Entwicklung mul-timodaler Therapiekonzepte,
auf der Basis einer sich stetig verbesserten molekulargeneti-schen
Characterisierung der Erkrankung mit der Identifizierung neuer Risikofaktoren.
Die Diagnostik des Therapieansprechens und die daraus resultierende
Stratifizierung der Patien-ten in unterschiedliche Therapiestrata spielt eine
weitere wesentliche Rolle für diesen Fort-schritt. Durch
risikoadaptierte Therapieansätze können darüber hinaus
therapieassoziierte Komplikationen und Spätfolgen minimiert werden. In
den kommenden Jahre wird es das Ziel sein, die Heilungsrate von Patienten mit
ungünstiger Prognose zu verbessern. Die Entwick-lung von
immuntherapeutischen Ansätzen, deren Stellenwert im Rahmen der ALL
Therapie gegenwärtig in klinischen Studien geprüft wird,
können hier eine wichtige Rolle spielen.
Temperature-Dependent Dual Fluorescence from Small Organic Molecules
Authors: Wang Min , Wang Run-Ze , Zhao Cui-Hua
Published: September 2022

The temperature-dependent dual fluorescence from a single component of small organic molecules (SOMs) is very promising for the ratiometric fluorescence sensing of temperature. However, the SOM-based fluorophores typically only show one fluorescence band. It is thus very challenging to achieve dual fluorescence, let alone the dual fluorescence that is sensitive to temperature. Herein, in this short review, we briefly summarized the examples of SOM-based fluorophores exhibiting temperature-dependent dual fluorescence. Through representative examples, we mainly focus on the illustration of the intrinsic mechanisms of this unusual phenomenon, which may take place because of the presence of two local minimum conformations that are thermally equilibrated in the ground state, the presence of two local minimum conformations in the first excited state as the result of significant structural relaxation upon excitation, or the presence of thermal equilibrium between the first and second excited states. Hopefully, the discussions in this short review will provide some important guidelines for the further rational molecular design of such fluorophores.
Drug-Resistant E. coli Causing UTI and Its Homoeopathic Management: Two Evidence-Based Case Reports
Authors: Ponnam Hima Bindu , Jagadabhi Santosh Kumar
Published: September 2022

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) comprise a troublesome array of symptomatology accounting for disruption in the quality of life of an individual to a significant extent. Increasing prevalence of the drug-resistant microbes in UTIs poses a major concern for treatment to the medical fraternity. Homoeopathy offers a safe and effective treatment option for treating a broad spectrum of multidrug-resistant diseases.

Patient Profile Two patients presented with acute UTI for homoeopathic consultation. The conventional treatment options taken with rigorous antibiotic medications could not stop the frequent relapses and prolonged suffering. Indicated homoeopathic medicine was prescribed for the cases based on the characteristic symptoms. The improvement was assessed symptomatically and by urine culture reports. The outcome has been further verified through outcome in relation to impact on daily living (ORIDL).

Result Homoeopathic medicine showed marked improvement in both cases by not only alleviating the symptoms of infection subjectively but also resolving the Escherichia coli (E. coli) bacterial infection confirmed through objective evidence of urine culture report.

Conclusion Homoeopathic medicine found to be effective in relieving the acute UTI caused by antibiotic-resistant E. coli.
Approach of Individualised Medicine in a Complicated Case of Cholelithiasis, Elongated Uterus with Ovarian Cyst—An Evidence-Based Case Report
Authors: Pandey Swati , Pandit Raj K.
Published: September 2022

Gallstones are the most common biliary pathology. They are formed because of abnormal bile composition. Symptomatic gallstones present as pain in the right upper quadrant or epigastric region, which may radiate to the back. Ultrasonography of the gallbladder is very accurate in the identification of gallstones. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is a minimal-access approach for the removal of the gallbladder together with its stones. A 28-year-old lady presented with complaints of pain in the right upper quadrant of abdomen, which was relieved by pressure, nausea and occasionally vomiting especially after having a rich meal for 1 month with constant dull pain in lower abdomen during menses for 2 to 3 months. Her ultrasonography of whole abdomen revealed cholelithiasis (stone size 8mm), elongated uterus with left ovarian cyst. Individualised medicine Natrum muriaticum was prescribed in a centesimal scale which showed a positive effect in the case within a short span of time. Causal attribution of changes in her condition to the homoeopathic treatment was assessed by Modified Naranjo Criteria. Future observational studies and randomised control trials are suggested to ascertain the efficacy of homoeopathic medicine in such cases.
Postoperative Inhaled Nitric Oxide Use and Early Outcomes after Fontan Surgery Completion
Authors: Gill Kamalvir , Rivera Estefania , Flores Nicolas Ortiz , AlAshi Amro , Rossi Anthony , Sasaki Jun
Published: September 2022

A considerable number of patients after the Fontan operation require prolonged hospitalization due to significant perioperative morbidities. The early postoperative morbidity can be attributed to elevated pulmonary vascular resistance. We hypothesized that the postoperative outcomes would improve with the routine use of inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) to decrease pulmonary vascular resistance. From January 2015 to November 2017 (Group 1), 37 patients underwent Fontan operation, and from December 2017 to December 2019 (Group 2), 34 patients underwent Fontan operation. All patients in Group 2 received iNO in the immediate perioperative period as part of a standardized postoperative pathway. There was no statistically significant difference in demographics or single ventricle subtype between the two groups. All patients underwent an extracardiac Fontan, and Group 2 had a higher number of fenestration (p< 0.01). Pre-Fontan hemodynamics showed no statistically significant difference in Glenn pressure, transpulmonary gradient, or systemic arterial and venous saturation. Both groups had a median length of stay of 13 days (p = 0.5), median chest tube placement of 7 days (p = 0.5), and there was no statistically significant difference in major complications. Readmission within 1 month of discharge occurred in five patients in Group 1 and six patients in Group 2 (p = 0.7). Routine use of iNO in the early postoperative period after Fontan operation did not reduce the length of stay, chest tube duration, rate of complications, or readmission.
Basic Life Support Guidance for Caregivers of NICU Graduates: Evaluation of Skill Transfer after Training
Authors: Benedict Aswathy , Pournami Femitha , Prithvi Ajai Kumar , Nandakumar Anand , Prabhakar Jyothi , Jain Naveen
Published: September 2022

Background Intensivists indeed discharge neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) graduates after a period of physiological stability. There is, however, a real risk of life-threatening events at home. Survival after such episodes depends on time from arrest to initiation of basic life support (BLS). It is rational to train parents who would be first responders. We sought to measure objectively and prospectively, effect of BLS training on parents of NICU graduates on the psychomotor, cognitive, and affective domains of human learning.

Methods After face-to-face training sessions, proportion of home caregivers who obtained 100% marks on a pretested performance checklist for psychomotor skills of BLS on a mannequin were measured. Two other domains of learning and number of attempts required to obtain desirable results were also analyzed.

Results Median (interquartile range [IQR]) birth weight of the high-risk neonates was 1,050 g (930, 1570) and median gestational age was 29 (IQR 28, 33) weeks. More than 75% of parents had no prior exposure to BLS training. Among 46 trained caregivers, 80.4% achieved the desired score of 5 in the psychomotor performance checklist on the first attempt. A maximum of two attempts was required to reeducate and achieve score of 5 in the remaining caregivers. Forty-two (91.3%) caregivers obtained full marks on cognitive domain test. All caregivers responded positively toward affective domain questionnaire.

Conclusion It is possible to train parents in BLS measures and demonstrate their psychomotor skills on a mannequin effectively. No parents who were approached refused training or indicated anxiety in learning the skills required.
Consanguinity and Positive Family History of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases in Children: A Multicenter Case–Control Study
Authors: Hasosah Mohammed
Published: September 2022

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), which comprise Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), are rising trend in Saudi population. We aim to examine the association between consanguinity and family history and the risk of childhood IBD in Saudi children. A multicenter case–control study conducted in three tertiary hospitals in Jeddah and Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, during periods 2009 to 2021. Data about demographics, consanguinity, family history of IBD, and type of IBD were collected using a structured questionnaire. The same questionnaire was applied in matched case–control. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using unconditional logistic regression analysis that was performed to compare both groups. The study population included 335 children: 167 IBD patients (49.9%) and 168 controls (50.1%). Of these IBD, 93 patients (56%) were CD and 74 patients (44%) were UC. Most of participants were females (72.1%) and their age more than 10 years (51.5%). There was first-degree consanguinity in 66 IBD patients (49.6%). No significant difference in first-degree consanguinity between cases and controls was noted (49.6% in cases vs. 50.4% in controls; OR = 1.02; 95% CI = 0.66–1.57). The consanguinity showed a more significant association with CD than UC (p < 0.05). Family history of IBD (father, siblings, and grandparents) as risk factors for IBD was identified: paternal history of IBD (OR = 0.25, 95% CI = 0.08–0.76), siblings' history of IBD (OR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.92–2.43), and grandparent's history of IBD (OR = 0.22, 95% CI = 0.07–0.65). Family history of IBD showed a more significant association with CD than UC (p < 0.05). Consanguinity is strongly associated with IBD with more significant association with CD than UC and may possibly explain IBD rise in Saudi Arabia. The greatest risk of family history of IBD is in first-degree relatives, especially in siblings' rather than parents and grandparents.
Molecular dynamics, transport property, and surface stoichiometry of plasma polymerized cyclohexane thin films
Authors: Momin Md. Abdul , Nesa Meherun , Uzzaman Monir , Majumdar Abhijit , Bhuiyan A. H.
Published: September 2022

The properties of cyclohexane (CHex) and plasma polymerized cyclohexane (PPCHex) thin films are studied, and the results are compared with those obtained using a computing model (under the density functional theory framework). Quantum chemical calculations are performed to calculate their molecular electrostatic potential (MEP), highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) gaps, thermodynamic stability, chemical reactivity, and vibrational properties. The HOMO–LUMO energy gap sharply decreased in the case of the PPCHex thin film compared to that of CHex. Gibbs free energy shows a similar phenomenon where the enthalpy of PPCHex (formation) is almost six times higher than that of CHex. The computed FTIR spectra indicate good agreement with the experimental results. RMS roughness shows a smooth surface, and it is compared with the FESEM image. Moreover, the dielectric constant and electrical conductivity of the PPCHex thin films are also studied.
Active impedance matching of a cryogenic radio frequency resonator for ion traps
Authors: Schubert M. , Kilzer L. , Dubielzig T. , Schilling M. , Ospelkaus C. , Hampel B.
Published: September 2022

A combination of direct current (DC) fields and high amplitude radio frequency (RF) fields is necessary to trap ions in a Paul trap. Such high electric RF fields are usually reached with the help of a resonator in close proximity to the ion trap. Ion trap based quantum computers profit from good vacuum conditions and low heating rates that cryogenic environments provide. However, an impedance matching network between the resonator and its RF source is necessary, as an unmatched resonator would require higher input power due to power reflection. The reflected power would not contribute to the RF trapping potential, and the losses in the cable induce additional heat into the system. The electrical properties of the matching network components change during cooling, and a cryogenic setup usually prohibits physical access to integrated components while the experiment is running. This circumstance leads to either several cooling cycles to improve the matching at cryogenic temperatures or the operation of poorly matched resonators. In this work, we demonstrate an RF resonator that is actively matched to the wave impedance of coaxial cables and the signal source. The active part of the matching circuit consists of a varactor diode array. Its capacitance depends on the DC voltage applied from outside the cryostat. We present measurements of the power reflection, the Q-factor, and higher harmonic signals resulting from the nonlinearity of the varactor diodes. The RF resonator is tested in a cryostat at room temperature and cryogenic temperatures, down to 4.3 K. A superior impedance matching for different ion traps can be achieved with this type of resonator.
Dynamic viscosity of strontium ferrite–nylon composite below the melting temperature
Authors: Ahmed Tanjina N. , Belduque Camila , Chen Maggie Y. , Tate Jitendra S. , Geerts Wilhelmus J.
Published: September 2022

Hard-magnetic 3D-printer filaments made of 40 wt. % SrO(Fe2O3)6/PA12 composites made using a twin-screw extruder are being studied to be used for Magnetic Field Assisted Additive Manufacturing (MFAAM). The time dependence of the magnetic properties above the softening temperature of the PA12 matrix but below the melting point was studied using a biaxial Vibrating Sample Magnetometer (VSM). Specifically, the rotation of the magnetic particles in the softened polymer matrix after the application of a rotation field was extracted from the time dependent biaxial VSM signals. Above 132 °C, the strontium ferrite particles can rotate in the nylon matrix. The measured time constant decreases with temperature and magnitude of the rotation field. Model calculations indicate that, for 40 wt. % SrO(Fe2O3)6/PA12 at rotation fields of 500 Oe, the effect of the demagnetizing field on the angle between the magnetic moment and the particle’s easy axis is negligible, allowing one to determine the dynamic “melt” viscosity from the measured transients. The dynamic viscosity decreases from 2 × 105 Pa s at 132 °C to 3.1 × 104 Pa s at 175 °C with a sharp kink observed near 140 °C that correlates with a relaxation from the α′c phase for PA12 observed by others. A yield shear stress was observed for small rotation fields at low temperatures resulting in non-perfect alignment of the magnetic particles. The implications of the measurement results for MFAAM are discussed.
Nonlinear actuation of micromechanical Casimir oscillators with topological insulator materials toward chaotic motion: Sensitivity on magnetization and dielectric properties
Authors: Tajik F. , Allameh N. , Masoudi A. A. , Palasantzas G.
Published: September 2022

We have investigated the dynamical actuation of micro-electromechanical systems under the influence of attractive and repulsive Casimir forces between topological insulator plates as a function of their dielectric function and coating magnetization. The analysis of the Casimir force in the limit of strong and weak magnetization shows that the attractive force, which is produced for plate magnetizations in the same direction, is greater than the repulsive force that is produced for opposite magnetizations. However, both forces remain comparable for intermediate magnetizations. Moreover, for weak magnetization, the attractive force becomes stronger for an increasing dielectric function, while the opposite occurs for the repulsive force. On the other hand, increasing magnetization decreases the influence of the dielectric function on both the repulsive and attractive forces. Furthermore, for conservative systems, bifurcation and phase portrait analysis revealed that increasing magnetization decreases the regime of stable operation for devices with attractive forces, while their operation remains always stable under the presence of repulsive forces. Finally, for non-conservative periodically driven systems, the Melnikov function and Poincaré portrait analysis show that for magnetizations in the same direction leading to strong attractive Casimir forces, chaotic motion toward stiction is highly likely to occur preventing the long-term prediction of actuating dynamics. A remedy for this situation is obtained by the application of any magnetization in opposite directions between the interacting surfaces since the repulsive force makes it possible to prevent stiction.
Calibration of RANS model constant based on data assimilation and accurate simulation of separated flow
Authors: Song Xiliang , Yu Zhongjun , Liu Chengjiang , Cheng Gong
Published: September 2022

To improve the prediction accuracy of separated flow based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes model, the model constants of the baseline Reynolds stress model are calibrated by the ensemble Kalman filter data assimilation method. The separated flow in a diffuser is taken as the object, and the wall pressure coefficients of the diffuser are used as the driving data. The results show that the method that recalibrates the model constants based on data assimilation is easy to implement and is an effective method. The wall pressure coefficients and the separation regions of the diffuser predicted by the baseline Reynolds stress model with the default model constants deviate greatly from the experimental observations. By recalibrating the model constants, the prediction accuracy of separated flow based on the baseline Reynolds stress model is improved. This provides an idea for the accurate simulation of separated flow based on the Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes model in engineering applications.
Fluid–structure interactions between a near-field underwater explosion bubble and a suspended plate
Authors: Tong Shi-Yu , Wang Shi-Ping , Yan Shuai , Li Shuai
Published: September 2022

During near-field underwater explosions, the structural response induced by the shock wave and bubble load significantly affects the bubble collapse and jet characteristics. The effect of fluid–structure interaction (FSI) may increase the damage potential of the structure. In this study, we conduct experiments examining the interaction between small-charge underwater explosion bubbles and a suspended plate under different initial detonation distances. The morphological evolution of the bubble and the structural response are recorded using a high-speed camera and strain gauges, respectively. In addition, the bubble dynamic behaviors are simulated using the finite volume method, and an FSI model is established based on the overset mesh technology. The model is verified by comparisons between the experimental and numerical results. The physical mechanism affecting the bubble collapse pattern is revealed. The influence of the distance parameter γ between the bubble and the plate on the jet pattern and structure load is systematically studied. The findings presented in this study provide a reference for bubble-related fields and transient gas–liquid–structure interactions.