bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Loss of TIP60 (KAT5) abolishes H2AZ lysine 7 acetylation and causes p53, INK4A, and ARF-independent cell cycle arrest
Authors: Wichmann Johannes , Pitt Catherine , Eccles Samantha , Garnham Alexandra L. , Li-Wai-Suen Connie S. N. , May Rose , Allan Elizabeth , Wilcox Stephen , Herold Marco J. , Smyth Gordon K. , Monahan Brendon J. , Thomas Tim , Voss Anne K.
Published: July 2022

Histone acetylation is essential for initiating and maintaining a permissive chromatin conformation and gene transcription. Dysregulation of histone acetylation can contribute to tumorigenesis and metastasis. Using inducible cre-recombinase and CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion, we investigated the roles of the histone lysine acetyltransferase TIP60 (KAT5/HTATIP) in human cells, mouse cells, and mouse embryos. We found that loss of TIP60 caused complete cell growth arrest. In the absence of TIP60, chromosomes failed to align in a metaphase plate during mitosis. In some TIP60 deleted cells, endoreplication occurred instead. In contrast, cell survival was not affected. Remarkably, the cell growth arrest caused by loss of TIP60 was independent of the tumor suppressors p53, INK4A and ARF. TIP60 was found to be essential for the acetylation of H2AZ, specifically at lysine 7. The mRNA levels of 6236 human and 8238 mouse genes, including many metabolism genes, were dependent on TIP60. Among the top 50 differentially expressed genes, over 90% were downregulated in cells lacking TIP60, supporting a role for TIP60 as a key co-activator of transcription. We propose a primary role of TIP60 in H2AZ lysine 7 acetylation and transcriptional activation, and that this fundamental role is essential for cell proliferation. Growth arrest independent of major tumor suppressors suggests TIP60 as a potential anti-cancer drug target.
Galectin-3, a rising star in modulating microglia activation under conditions of neurodegeneration
Authors: García-Revilla Juan , Boza-Serrano Antonio , Espinosa-Oliva Ana M. , Soto Manuel Sarmiento , Deierborg Tomas , Ruiz Rocío , de Pablos Rocío M. , Burguillos Miguel Angel , Venero Jose L.
Published: July 2022

The advent of high-throughput single-cell transcriptomic analysis of microglia has revealed different phenotypes that are inherently associated with disease conditions. A common feature of some of these activated phenotypes is the upregulation of galectin-3. Representative examples of these phenotypes include disease-associated microglia (DAM) and white-associated microglia (WAM), whose role(s) in neuroprotection/neurotoxicity is a matter of high interest in the microglia community. In this review, we summarise the main findings that demonstrate the ability of galectin-3 to interact with key pattern recognition receptors, including, among others, TLR4 and TREM2 and the importance of galectin-3 in the regulation of microglia activation. Finally, we discuss increasing evidence supporting the involvement of this lectin in the main neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, Huntington’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, multiple sclerosis, traumatic brain injury, and stroke.
Thiostrepton induces ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through STAT3/GPX4 signalling
Authors: Zhang Weifan , Gong Mengyuan , Zhang Wunai , Mo Jiantao , Zhang Simei , Zhu Zeen , Wang Xueni , Zhang Bo , Qian Weikun , Wu Zheng , Ma Qingyong , Wang Zheng
Published: July 2022

Ferroptosis is a new form of regulated cell death that is mediated by intracellular iron and ester oxygenase, and glutathione-dependent lipid hydroperoxidase glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) prevents ferroptosis by converting lipid hydroperoxides into nontoxic lipid alcohols. Although thiostrepton (TST) has been reported to exert antitumor effects, its role in pancreatic cancer and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we found that TST reduced the viability and clonogenesis of pancreatic cancer cell lines, along with intracellular iron overload, increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, malondialdehyde (MDA) overexpression, and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX) depletion. Mechanistically, chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual luciferase reporter gene assays were used to confirm that signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) binds to the GPX4 promoter region and promotes its transcription, whereas TST blocked GPX4 expression by regulating STAT3. Finally, in vivo experiments revealed that TST inhibited the growth of subcutaneously transplanted tumours and had considerable biosafety. In conclusion, our study identified the mechanism by which TST-induced ferroptosis in pancreatic cancer cells through STAT3/GPX4 signalling.
Interplay between topological valley and quantum Hall edge transport
Authors: Geisenhof Fabian R. , Winterer Felix , Seiler Anna M. , Lenz Jakob , Martin Ivar , Weitz R. Thomas
Published: July 2022

An established way of realising topologically protected states in a two-dimensional electron gas is by applying a perpendicular magnetic field thus creating quantum Hall edge channels. In electrostatically gapped bilayer graphene intriguingly, even in the absence of a magnetic field, topologically protected electronic states can emerge at naturally occurring stacking domain walls. While individually both types of topologically protected states have been investigated, their intriguing interplay remains poorly understood. Here, we focus on the interplay between topological domain wall states and quantum Hall edge transport within the eight-fold degenerate zeroth Landau level of high-quality suspended bilayer graphene. We find that the two-terminal conductance remains approximately constant for low magnetic fields throughout the distinct quantum Hall states since the conduction channels are traded between domain wall and device edges. For high magnetic fields, however, we observe evidence of transport suppression at the domain wall, which can be attributed to the emergence of spectral minigaps. This indicates that stacking domain walls potentially do not correspond to a topological domain wall in the order parameter.
Inactivation of Sirt6 ameliorates muscular dystrophy in mdx mice by releasing suppression of utrophin expression
Authors: Georgieva Angelina M. , Guo Xinyue , Bartkuhn Marek , Günther Stefan , Künne Carsten , Smolka Christian , Atzberger Ann , Gärtner Ulrich , Mamchaoui Kamel , Bober Eva , Zhou Yonggang , Yuan Xuejun , Braun Thomas
Published: July 2022

The NAD+-dependent SIRT1-7 family of protein deacetylases plays a vital role in various molecular pathways related to stress response, DNA repair, aging and metabolism. Increased activity of individual sirtuins often exerts beneficial effects in pathophysiological conditions whereas reduced activity is usually associated with disease conditions. Here, we demonstrate that SIRT6 deacetylates H3K56ac in myofibers to suppress expression of utrophin, a dystrophin-related protein stabilizing the sarcolemma in absence of dystrophin. Inactivation of Sirt6 in dystrophin-deficient mdx mice reduced damage of myofibers, ameliorated dystrophic muscle pathology, and improved muscle function, leading to attenuated activation of muscle stem cells (MuSCs). ChIP-seq and locus-specific recruitment of SIRT6 using a CRISPR-dCas9/gRNA approach revealed that SIRT6 is critical for removal of H3K56ac at the Downstream utrophin Enhancer (DUE), which is indispensable for utrophin expression. We conclude that epigenetic manipulation of utrophin expression is a promising approach for the treatment of Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD).
Pseudomonas aeruginosa SutA wedges RNAP lobe domain open to facilitate promoter DNA unwinding
Authors: He Dingwei , You Linlin , Wu Xiaoxian , Shi Jing , Wen Aijia , Yan Zhi , Mu Wenhui , Fang Chengli , Feng Yu , Zhang Yu
Published: July 2022

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Pae) SutA adapts bacteria to hypoxia and nutrition-limited environment during chronic infection by increasing transcription activity of an RNA polymerase (RNAP) holoenzyme comprising the stress-responsive σ factor σS (RNAP-σS). SutA shows no homology to previously characterized RNAP-binding proteins. The structure and mode of action of SutA remain unclear. Here we determined cryo-EM structures of Pae RNAP-σS holoenzyme, Pae RNAP-σS holoenzyme complexed with SutA, and Pae RNAP-σS transcription initiation complex comprising SutA. The structures show SutA pinches RNAP-β protrusion and facilitates promoter unwinding by wedging RNAP-β lobe open. Our results demonstrate that SutA clears an energetic barrier to facilitate promoter unwinding of RNAP-σS holoenzyme.
A dynamic assembly-induced emissive system for advanced information encryption with time-dependent security
Authors: Wang Qian , Lin Biyan , Chen Meng , Zhao Chengxi , Tian He , Qu Da-Hui
Published: July 2022

The development of advanced materials for information encryption with time-dependent features is essential to meet the increasing demand on encryption security. Herein, smart materials with orthogonal and temporal encryption properties are successfully developed based on a dynamic assembly-induced multicolour supramolecular system. Multicolour fluorescence, including blue, orange and even white light emissions, is achieved by controlling the supramolecular assembly of pyrene derivatives by tailoring the solvent composition. By taking advantage of the tuneable fluorescence, dynamically controlled information encryption materials with orthogonal encryption functions, e.g., 3D codes, are successfully developed. Moreover, time-dependent information encryption materials, such as temporal multi-information displays and 4D codes, are also developed by enabling the fluorescence-controllable supramolecular system in the solid phase, showing multiple pieces of information on a time scale, and the correct information can be identified only at a specified time. This work provides an inspiring point for the design of information encryption materials with higher security requirements.
PREDICT underestimates survival of patients with HER2-positive early-stage breast cancer
Authors: Agostinetto Elisa , Ameye Lieveke , Martel Samuel , Aftimos Philippe , Pondé Noam , Maurer Christian , El-Abed Sarra , Wang Yingbo , Vicente Malou , Chumsri Saranya , Bliss Judith , Kroep Judith , Colleoni Marco , Petrelli Fausto , Del Mastro Lucia , Moreno-Aspitia Alvaro , Piccart Martine , Paesmans Marianne , de Azambuja Evandro , Lambertini Matteo
Published: July 2022

The prognostic performance of PREDICT in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer (EBC) treated in the modern era with effective chemotherapy and anti-HER2 targeted therapies is unclear. Therefore, we investigated its prognostic performance using data extracted from ALTTO, a phase III trial evaluating adjuvant lapatinib ± trastuzumab vs. trastuzumab alone in patients with HER2-positive EBC. Our analysis included 2794 patients. After a median follow-up of 6.0 years (IQR, 5.8–6.7), 182 deaths were observed. Overall, PREDICT underestimated 5-year OS by 6.7% (95% CI, 5.8–7.6): observed 5-year OS was 94.7% vs. predicted 88.0%. The underestimation was consistent across all subgroups, including those according to the type of anti HER2-therapy. The highest absolute differences were observed for patients with hormone receptor negative-disease, nodal involvement, and large tumor size (13.0%, 15.8%, and 15.3%, respectively). AUC under the ROC curve was 73.7% (95% CI 69.7–77.8) in the overall population, ranging between 61.7% and 77.7% across the analyzed subgroups. In conclusion, our analysis showed that PREDICT highly underestimated OS in HER2-positive EBC. Hence, it should be used with caution to give prognostic estimation to HER2-positive EBC patients treated in the modern era with effective chemotherapy and anti-HER2 targeted therapies.
Computational screening of materials with extreme gap deformation potentials
Authors: Borlido Pedro , Schmidt Jonathan , Wang Hai-Chen , Botti Silvana , Marques Miguel A. L.
Published: July 2022

In this work, we present a large-scale study of gap deformation potentials based on density-functional theory calculations for over 5000 semiconductors. As expected, in most cases the band gap decreases for increasing volume with deformation potentials that can reach values of almost −15 eV. We find, however, also a sizeable number of materials with positive deformation potentials. Notorious members of this group are halide perovskites, known for their applications in photovoltaics. We then focus on understanding the physical reasons for so different values of the deformation potentials by investigating the correlations between this property and a large number of other material and compositional properties. We also train explainable machine learning models as well as graph convolutional networks to predict deformation potentials and establish simple rules to understand predicted values. Finally, we analyze in more detail a series of materials that have record positive and negative deformation potentials.
ADAR1 averts fatal type I interferon induction by ZBP1
Authors: Jiao Huipeng , Wachsmuth Laurens , Wolf Simone , Lohmann Juliane , Nagata Masahiro , Kaya Göksu Gökberk , Oikonomou Nikos , Kondylis Vangelis , Rogg Manuel , Diebold Martin , Tröder Simon E. , Zevnik Branko , Prinz Marco , Schell Christoph , Young George R. , Kassiotis George , Pasparakis Manolis
Published: July 2022

Mutations of theADAR1gene encoding an RNA deaminase cause severe diseases associated with chronic activation of type I interferon (IFN) responses, including Aicardi–Goutières syndrome and bilateral striatal necrosis1–3. The IFN-inducible p150 isoform of ADAR1 contains a Zα domain that recognizes RNA with an alternative left-handed double-helix structure, termed Z-RNA4,5. HemizygousADAR1mutations in the Zα domain cause type I IFN-mediated pathologies in humans2,3and mice6–8; however, it remains unclear how the interaction of ADAR1 with Z-RNA prevents IFN activation. Here we show that Z-DNA-binding protein 1 (ZBP1), the only other protein in mammals known to harbour Zα domains9, promotes type I IFN activation and fatal pathology in mice with impaired ADAR1 function. ZBP1 deficiency or mutation of its Zα domains reduced the expression of IFN-stimulated genes and largely prevented early postnatal lethality in mice with hemizygous expression of ADAR1 with mutated Zα domain (Adar1mZα/–mice).Adar1mZα/–mice showed upregulation and impaired editing of endogenous retroelement-derived complementary RNA reads, which represent a likely source of Z-RNAs activating ZBP1. Notably, ZBP1 promoted IFN activation and severe pathology inAdar1mZα/–mice in a manner independent of RIPK1, RIPK3, MLKL-mediated necroptosis and caspase-8-dependent apoptosis, suggesting a novel mechanism of action. Thus, ADAR1 prevents endogenous Z-RNA-dependent activation of pathogenic type I IFN responses by ZBP1, suggesting that ZBP1 could contribute to type I interferonopathies caused byADAR1mutations.
Oocytes maintain ROS-free mitochondrial metabolism by suppressing complex I
Authors: Rodríguez-Nuevo Aida , Torres-Sanchez Ariadna , Duran Juan M. , De Guirior Cristian , Martínez-Zamora Maria Angeles , Böke Elvan
Published: July 2022

Oocytes form before birth and remain viable for several decades before fertilization1. Although poor oocyte quality accounts for most female fertility problems, little is known about how oocytes maintain cellular fitness, or why their quality eventually declines with age2. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced as by-products of mitochondrial activity are associated with lower rates of fertilization and embryo survival3–5. Yet, how healthy oocytes balance essential mitochondrial activity with the production of ROS is unknown. Here we show that oocytes evade ROS by remodelling the mitochondrial electron transport chain through elimination of complex I. Combining live-cell imaging and proteomics in human and Xenopus oocytes, we find that early oocytes exhibit greatly reduced levels of complex I. This is accompanied by a highly active mitochondrial unfolded protein response, which is indicative of an imbalanced electron transport chain. Biochemical and functional assays confirm that complex I is neither assembled nor active in early oocytes. Thus, we report a physiological cell type without complex I in animals. Our findings also clarify why patients with complex-I-related hereditary mitochondrial diseases do not experience subfertility. Complex I suppression represents an evolutionarily conserved strategy that allows longevity while maintaining biological activity in long-lived oocytes.
Sexual practices and HPV infection in unvaccinated young adults
Authors: Pauli Sílvia , Kops Natália Luiza , Bessel Marina , Lina Villa Luisa , Moreno Alves Souza Flávia , Mendes Pereira Gerson Fernando , Neves Hugo Fernando ,   POP-Brazil Study Group, Comerlato Juliana , Bandeira Isabel , Fernandes Bruna , Fetzner Tiago , Soto Milena Mantelli Dall , Baptista Thais , Mello Barbara Pereira , Mota Giana , Wendland Eliana
Published: July 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate the association of genital and oral HPV infection among different sexual practices in both sexes. In total, 6388 unvaccinated men and women aged 16–25 years from all state capitals of Brazil were enrolled in through primary care services between September 2016 and November 2017. Genital and oral HPV genotyping was performed using the Roche Linear Array. Poisson regression analysis with robust variance was conducted to examine factors associated with overall HPV infection. A higher prevalence of genital HPV was found in women who practiced oral sex (57.85%) and in men who practiced all types of sex (65.87%). However, having more sexual partners and being younger were more important than the type of sex practiced. HPV 6 (7.1%) and 16 (10.5%) were significantly more prevalent in women who practiced oral sex, while HPV 6 (23.96%) and 11 (21.49%) were more prevalent in men who practiced anal sex. The type of sex was not associated with oral HPV prevalence. Genital and oral HPV infection were not associated by different sexual practices in the studied population.
Gravidity, parity and knee breadth at midlife: a population-based cohort study
Authors: Junno Juho-Antti , Keisu Asla , Niinimäki Maarit , Niinimäki Jaakko , Lehenkari Petri , Oura Petteri
Published: July 2022

Gestation increases the biomechanical loading of lower extremities. Gestational loading may influence anthropometrics of articular surfaces in similar means as bone diaphyseal properties. This study aimed to investigate whether gravidity (i.e. number of pregnancies) and parity (i.e. number of deliveries) is associated with knee breadth among middle-aged women. The study sample comprised 815 women from the Northern Finland Birth Cohort 1966. The median parity count of our sample was 2 and the median gravidity count 3. At the age of 46, questionnaires were used to enquire gravidity and parity, and posteroanterior knee radiographs were used to obtain two knee breadth parameters (tibial plateau mediolateral breadth (TPML) and femoral condylar mediolateral breadth (FCML)) as representatives of articular size. The associations of gravidity and parity with knee breadth were analyzed using general linear models with adjustments for height, weight, leisure-time physical activity, smoking, and education years. Individuals with osteoarthritic changes were excluded from our sample. The mean TPML in our sample was 70.3 mm and the mean FCML 71.6 mm respectively. In the fully adjusted models, gravidity and parity showed positive associations with knee breadth. Each pregnancy was associated with 0.11–0.14% larger knee breath (p < 0.05), and each delivery accounted for an increase of 0.20% in knee breadth (p < 0.01). Between-group comparisons showed that multiparous women had 0.68–1.01% larger knee breath than nulli- and primiparous women (p < 0.05). Pregnancies and deliveries seem to increase the mediolateral breadth of the knee. This increase is potentially associated with increased biomechanical loadings during gestation.
A clinical trial of a patient-customized virtual reality intervention for tinnitus
Authors: Park Dong Heun , Han Sang Sun , Han Munsoo , Park Seongbin , Kim Hae Nim , Kim Jiyeon , Aan Hojun , Kim Jimoon , Kim Sungkean , Kim Kibum , Choi June
Published: July 2022

Virtual reality (VR) has recently been used as a clinical treatment because it can efficiently simulate situations that are difficult to control in real-world settings. In our study, we assessed the potential of VR in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus. An evaluation of its clinical benefits was performed based on analyses of patient electroencephalograms (EEGs) and by questionnaire responses after 6–8 weeks of patient involvement in our VR-based alleviation program. Clinical trials were performed at a tertiary academic hospital. Nineteen patients (aged 33–64 years) who visited our hospital with chronic subjective tinnitus over 3 months were enrolled in the study. The intervention consisted of trashing the tinnitus avatar in VR. We expected that the patients would have the subjective feeling of controlling tinnitus through our intervention. The VR environment comprised four different sessions in four different settings: a bedroom, a living room, a restaurant, and a city street. We analyzed changes in the source activities of the prefrontal regions related to tinnitus in these patients using standardized low-resolution brain electromagnetic tomography. The Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI), the total score (from 50.11 to 44.21, P = 0.046) and the grade (from 3.16 to 2.79, P = 0.035) were significantly improved after the VR-based tinnitus treatment program (P < 0.05). The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index also showed improved outcomes (P = 0.025). On the other hand, a Tinnitus Handicap Questionnaire, Quality of Life Assessment (WHO-QOL), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Profile of Mood States revealed no significant change after the intervention. The baseline EEG data showed that brain activity in the orbitofrontal cortex significantly increased in the alpha and theta frequency bands. Furthermore, patients who showed a THI score improvement after the intervention showed specific increases in brain activity for the theta and high beta bands in the orbitofrontal cortex. Our findings suggest that the virtual reality-based program, as in parts of cognitive behavioral treatment, may help to alleviate tinnitus-related distress in patients with chronic subjective tinnitus.
Serial flow cytometry in an inertial focusing optofluidic microchip for direct assessment of measurement variations
Authors: DiSalvo Matthew , Patrone Paul N. , Kearsley Anthony J. , Cooksey Gregory A.
Published: July 2022

We present a microfluidic serial flow cytometer that repeats measurements on flowing objects for per-object uncertainty quantification. The automated system assessed measurement precision as a function of its flow focusing operating parameters.
Mesoporous sodium four-coordinate aluminosilicate nanoparticles modulate dendritic cell pyroptosis and activate innate and adaptive immunity
Authors: Tang Jie , Yang Yang , Qu Jingjing , Ban Wenhuang , Song Hao , Gu Zhengying , Yang Yannan , Cai Larry , Theivendran Shevanuja , Wang Yue , Zhang Min , Yu Chengzhong
Published: July 2022

Na-IVAl-DMSN acts as both antigen carriers and modulators to “hyperactivate” dendritic cells (DCs) via potassium (K+) efflux dependent pyroptosis, eventually leading to enhanced adaptive and innate immunity.
Rationally designed Ru(ii) metallacycles with tunable imidazole ligands for synergistical chemo-phototherapy of cancer
Authors: Tu Le , Li Chonglu , Liu Chang , Bai Suya , Yang Jingfang , Zhang Xian , Xu Liying , Xiong Xiaoxing , Sun Yao
Published: July 2022

Herein, we construct a series of Ru(ii) metallacycles with multimodal chemo-phototherapeutic properties, which exhibited much higher anticancer activity and better cancer-cell selectivity than cisplatin.
Non-monotonic composition dependence of the breakdown of Stokes–Einstein relation for water in aqueous solutions of ethanol and 1-propanol: explanation using translational jump-diffusion approach
Authors: Dueby Shivam , Dubey Vikas , Indra Sandipa , Daschakraborty Snehasis
Published: July 2022

The translational jump-diffusion (TJD) approach explained the nonmontonic composition dependence of the breakdown of Stokes–Einstein relation in supercooled binary mixture of water and alcohol.
Three-dimensional porous platinum–tellurium–rhodium surface/interface achieve remarkable practical fuel cell catalysis
Authors: Bu Lingzheng , Ning Fandi , Zhou Jing , Zhan Changhong , Sun Mingzi , Li Leigang , Zhu Yiming , Hu Zhiwei , Shao Qi , Zhou Xiaochun , Huang Bolong , Huang Xiaoqing
Published: July 2022

Optimized porous Pt61Te8Rh31 NR/C with 1D building blocks and 3D surface/interface configurations has been adopted as an advanced high-efficiency fuel cell cathodic catalyst for both ORR and MEA catalysis in PEMFCs.
Measuring Pb, Th, and U inter-element ratios in geological materials using extreme ultraviolet laser ablation and ionization mass spectrometry
Authors: Rush Lydia A. , Duffin Andrew M. , Menoni Carmen S.
Published: July 2022

An extreme ultraviolet laser, operating at a wavelength of 46.9 nm, is used to ablate and ionize glasses and minerals at the microscale followed by mass analysis using time-of-flight mass spectrometry to directly measure Pb-Th-U inter-element ratios.
Syntheses, crystal structures and thermal decomposition studies of two novel Mn(ii)-MOFs with tetrazole-based carboxylic acids
Authors: Yang Jie , Hou Tianjiao , Zhang Shunlin , Zhu Dunru
Published: July 2022

A 2D sql framework and an unprecedented binodal 5,6-connected 3D net have been constructed from Mn(ii) ions and two tetrazole-based carboxylic acids.
Core–shell Co@CoO catalysts for the hydroformylation of olefins
Authors: Xu Wen , Ma Yuan , Wei Xinjia , Gong Honghui , Zhao Xiuge , Qin Yuxi , Peng Qingpo , Hou Zhenshan
Published: July 2022

Co@CoO core–shell nanoparticles featured as metal Co(0) cores wrapped by CoO shells were constructed via a solvent-thermal process in deep eutectic solvents and showed superior activity and stability for the hydroformylation of olefins.
Photoredox catalysis via consecutive 2LMCT- and 3MLCT-excitation of an Fe(iii/ii)–N-heterocyclic carbene complex
Authors: Ilic Aleksandra , Schwarz Jesper , Johnson Catherine , de Groot Lisa H. M. , Kaufhold Simon , Lomoth Reiner , Wärnmark Kenneth
Published: July 2022

An iron complex with N-heterocyclic carbene ligands engages in efficient photoredox catalysis via excited state electron transfer reactions of its Fe(ii) and Fe(iii) oxidation states.
Challenges and opportunities for chiral covalent organic frameworks
Authors: Kang Xing , Stephens Emily R. , Spector-Watts Benjamin M. , Li Ziping , Liu Yan , Liu Lujia , Cui Yong
Published: July 2022

As highly versatile crystalline porous materials, covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as an ideal platform for developing novel functional materials, attributed to their precise tunability of structure and functionality.
Flexible organic frameworks sequester neuromuscular blocking agents in vitro and reverse neuromuscular block in vivo
Authors: Wu Yan , Liu Yue-Yang , Liu Hong-Kun , Yu Shang-Bo , Lin Furong , Zhou Wei , Wang Hui , Zhang Dan-Wei , Li Zhan-Ting , Ma Da
Published: July 2022

Water-soluble flexible organic frameworks are prepared and used to sequester neuromuscular blocking agents, and reverse their neuromuscular block in vivo.
Resource allocation for multi‐UAV‐assisted mobile edge computing to minimize weighted energy consumption
Authors: Li An , Dai Longbin , Yu Lisu
Published: July 2022

This paper studies a multi‐unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) assisted mobile edge computing (MEC) system, where multiple UAVs equipped with MEC server are deployed to provide computing offloading services for ground users with limited local computing resources. Specifically, each user divides its computing tasks into two parts: one part is offloaded to the associated UAV for calculation, and the remaining part is calculated locally. It is aimed to minimize the weighted energy consumption of all UAVs and all users by jointly optimizing the UAV trajectory, user scheduling, central processing unit (CPU) calculation frequency allocation, and offloading time allocation. However, the formulated problem is a mixed integer non‐convex problem, which is challenging to obtain an optimal solution. In order to effectively solve this, an efficient two‐stage iterative algorithm based on alternative optimization is proposed by decomposing the original problem into two sub‐problems to obtain a suboptimal solution. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme is superior to other benchmark schemes in reducing system energy consumption.
Waypoint segment routing algorithm for LEO satellite network
Authors: Chen Rui , Wang Wen‐Nai , Zhao Xin , Zhao Guang
Published: July 2022

Satellite communication, especially low earth orbit satellites, an important part of the space‐air‐ground integrated network, is a promising solution to support global coverage and reliable communication. However, the originally connected links will be off, when the satellites move into polar regions. In addition, the condition of the path broken will dramatically increase with the number of satellites increasing. Thus, it is a continually considerable challenge to design an efficient and stationary routing algorithm for intra‐satellites. This paper presents a waypoint segment routing algorithm to realise persistent routes when the satellites move into polar regions. The waypoint selection problem is modelled and solved in stages. One of the source‐based routing algorithms, segment routing, is applied in low earth orbit satellite network to provide stable, efficient and reliable packets forwarding. By adding the selected waypoints into the segment list of the segment routing, the next‐snapshot broken links can be avoided. Based on the proposed waypoint segment routing algorithm, the problem of the path broken can be effectively solved. By comparing the packet loss, the delay and the delay jitter of the satellite simulation networks, the proposed algorithm is preferable to the popular optimised link‐state routing algorithm for the satellite mega‐constellation networks.
Structure optimization based on phase‐locked loop and controller parameters optimization of Y‐connected modular multi‐level converter for fractional frequency offshore wind power system under weak grid
Authors: Meng Yongqing , Jia Feng , Wu Kang , Duan Ziyue , Wang Xiuli , Yang Yong , Wang Xifan
Published: July 2022

Based on a practical long‐distance large‐capacity transmission engineering case, the small‐signal stability of fractional frequency transmission system (FFTS) with Y‐connected modular multi‐level converter (Y‐MMC) is mainly researched in this paper. Different from the previous control strategies of Y‐MMC, this paper establishes a frequency decoupling mathematical model and proposes the decoupling control strategies. Then, the small‐signal model of the Y‐MMC system is obtained. Considering the existence of phase locked loop (PLL) will deteriorate the stability of the system under weak grid, this paper applies the short‐circuit ratio (SCR) for analysis and proposed a new structure of PLL, called phase‐shifted PLL (PS‐PLL), to improve the small‐signal stability of the system. In addition, for better stability and dynamic response performance of the closed‐loop control system, this paper proposes a new parameter optimization objective function for parameters adjustment. Controller parameters optimization is conducted by using the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm and stability evaluation of the system is conducted based on the eigenvalue distribution. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed strategies and optimization are verified in MATLAB/ Simulink.
Novel continuous learning scheme for online static security assessment based on the weather‐dependent security index
Authors: Mollaiee Ali , Ameli Mohammad Taghi , Azad Sasan
Published: July 2022

Due to the expansion of the decarbonization in modern power systems, particularly the high integration of renewable energy resources, more and more uncertainties and variabilities are brought to electricity systems. These uncertainties change the system operating conditions and face the power system with unknown issues. The secure operation of modern power systems requires developing security assessment techniques that effectively mitigate the variation of the operating conditions. This paper proposes a novel continuous learning scheme for online static security assessment (SSA) that enables the periodic renovation of the assessment model. The scheme consists of a Mondrian forest (MF)‐based training model and database generation approach conducting characteristics of operating conditions. The employed security index is a new weather‐depended performance index whose ambient temperature can affect line ratings. After the new training set is generated in the update procedure, the MF algorithm is updated using this data. Eventually, the SSA model is enriched with current circumstances in the power system. The proposed scheme is examined using real‐world data mapped to the New England 39‐bus and 118‐bus standard test systems. The effectiveness and superior performance of the proposed method are demonstrated using various criteria and measures.
An improved deadbeat predictive current control for induction motor drives
Authors: Wang Xing , Zhang Yongchang , Yang Haitao
Published: July 2022

Deadbeat predictive current control (DPCC) has been widely studied in induction motor drives due to its simple concept, quick response and excellent steady‐state performance. However, conventional DPCC uses a lot of motor parameters to predict current and voltage. Therefore, the performance of DPCC is affected by the accuracy of motor parameters in the controller. The performance of DPCC will severely deteriorate when the motor parameters used in the controller deviate greatly from their actual values. To improve the parameter robustness of DPCC, this paper proposes a robust DPCC (RDPCC), which utilizes the error between the measured currents and predicted currents to compensate for the influence of machine parameter mismatches. The proposed method is compared with the conventional DPCC, and the experimental results confirm its strong robustness against motor parameter mismatch.
Experiment regarding magnetic fields with gravity
Authors: Lee Jong Hoon
Published: July 2022

This experiment was designed to test the string theory as a physical reality. The ground‐based device placed the N poles of the magnets upwards, north, south, east, and west. Coil Ass'Y was placed between 2 N poles with bearing covers on the top and bottom. Gravity interacts to generate electricity in the Earth's direction or the opposite direction by the repulsive magnetic force. The voltage was measured from 3.60 to 3.80 sequentially while the generator was stationary through the monitor. The author found symmetry in Lex Tertia voltage and current zero data during experiment F4 6380 at a balanced state under gravity with the repulsive magnetic force. It generated from 42.8 to 794 μV in the vacuum chamber but from negative 16.1 to positive 18.3 μV in the air. As a result, the author measured more negative current and positive voltage generated in a vacuum. Trapped gravity was set to behave as free relativistic quantum particles or fluids in the magnetic sea. The result made it accessible to study the magnetic sea for different initial superpositions of positive‐ and negative‐gravity spinor states. This might explain the relativistic quantum gravity exists as a physical reality, graviton interacting with photons to induce a magnetic field.
Review on islanding detection methods for grid‐connected photovoltaic systems, existing limitations and future insights
Authors: Bakhshi‐Jafarabadi Reza , Sadeh Javad , Serrano‐Fontova Alexandre , Rakhshani Elyas
Published: July 2022

The connection of renewable energy sources (RESs) to the distribution network has been rising at a steady pace over the past decades. The great penetration of RESs such as grid‐connected photovoltaic system brings new technical challenges to the distribution networks such as unintentional islanding. Conceptually, this situation occurs when a portion of the network that has been isolated from the main grid remains energised by the embedded RESs. This unexpected scenario should be thereby identified effectively to avoid frequency and voltage deviations and their hazardous effects. The aim of this paper is to provide a comprehensive review on the recently developed islanding detection methods for grid‐following/grid‐connected photovoltaic system, analyse their existing limitations, and suggest possible future research implementations. In this context, an in‐depth comparison is provided considering the main features used in islanding detection methods such as non‐detection zone, detection time, implementation cost and complexity, and power quality degradation. Finally, the main technical requirements established by the current grid codes are recalled identifying potential multi‐functional approaches to expand the current islanding detection capabilities.
Schwerpunkt Ophthalmopathologie Orbitainfektion: vom Hordeolum bis zur nekrotisierenden Fasziitis
Authors: Weller Julia M. , Messmer Elisabeth
Published: July 2022

(Peri)orbitale Infektionen umfassen ein weites Spektrum vom klinisch häufigen Hordeolum bis zur seltenen, aber bedrohlichen nekrotisierenden Fasziitis. Im ophthalmopathologischen Labor
machen diese Entitäten dennoch einen relativ kleinen Anteil der Diagnosen aus, was vor allem daran liegt, dass (peri)orbitale Infektionen i. d. R. klinisch – ggf. mit Unterstützung der
Radiologie und Mikrobiologie – diagnostiziert werden. In dieser Arbeit wird exemplarisch an einigen Diagnosen die Rolle der ophthalmopathologischen Diagnostik bei (peri)orbitalen Infektionen
aufgezeigt. Das infektiöse Hordeolum sollte vom nicht infektiösen Chalazion differenziert werden. Hinter einer nodulären Lidverdickung, die als Chalazion eingeordnet und behandelt wird, kann
sich eine maligne Neoplasie verbergen. Die Kanalikulitis wird klinisch häufig erst verzögert korrekt diagnostiziert und behandelt. Histologisch können hier sowohl der Erreger Actinomyces als
auch Dakryolithen dargestellt werden. Die nekrotisierende Fasziitis ist eine fulminant verlaufende Infektion der Faszien und kann zu Nekrosen und reduziertem Allgemeinzustand bis hin zu
Sepsis und Tod führen. Im Rahmen der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie kam es vor allem in Indien gehäuft zu Mukormykose-Fällen. Diese Superinfektion wird durch Immunsuppression und Steroideinsatz
begünstigt. Histologisch ist die Mukormykose durch eine Infiltration der Gefäßwände durch die Schimmelpilze gekennzeichnet. Die Ophthalmopathologie kann zur Diagnostik und dem Verständnis
der zugrunde liegenden Pathophysiologie dieser Erkrankungen beitragen.
Zur klinisch-pathologischen Korrelation der mikrobiellen Keratitis und darüber hinaus: Gibt es eine korneale Sepsis?
Authors: Nissen Ebba J. , Saeger Mark , Nölle Bernhard , Roider Johann
Published: July 2022

Mikrobielle, infektiöse, Keratitiden bedingen relevant die Indikation von perforierenden Keratoplastiken. Durch eine akute transplantationsbedürftige Situation ergibt sich eine
histopathologische Untersuchung der gesamten Korneadicke. Wenn auch die klinische Diagnose einer infektiösen Keratitis dabei nicht immer zu belegen ist, kann in der Pathologie sehr zur
diagnostischen Klärung des klinischen Befundes und der Pathogenese beigetragen werden. Dies gelingt mit dem Einsatz vielfältiger Methoden aus Zytologie, Histochemie, Immunhistologie,
Molekularpathologie und selten eingesetzter Elektronenmikroskopie, wodurch es möglich ist, geweblich manifestierte Vor- und Begleiterkrankungen nachzuweisen und die infrage kommenden Erreger
anzugeben. Lässt sich eine klinisch-pathologische Korrelation für die Korneaschädigung nicht zufriedenstellend erbringen, stellt sich die Frage, ob ein mutmaßlicher Erreger final gar nicht
dafür verantwortlich gewesen ist. Die Pathogenese einer transplantationsbedürftigen Keratitis ist auch experimentell am Menschen bisher nicht vollständig entschlüsselt. Die Entwicklung einer
derartigen Keratitis kann zu einer klinischen Symptomatik führen, die auch als „bedrohliche Organdysfunktion“ beschrieben wird, ein Begriff aus der Sepsisforschung. Unter Berücksichtigung
aktueller Literatur werden mögliche Übereinstimmungen zwischen Sepsis und mikrobieller Keratitis und ihr Bezug zur Histopathologie diskutiert.
Demenz: Aktueller Stand
Authors: Klosterkötter Joachim , Jessen Frank
Published: July 2022

Demenzerkrankungen stellen eine erhebliche Herausforderung für Betroffene
und deren Angehörige sowie auf Grund der demographischen Entwicklung auch
für das Gesundheitssystem und die gesamte Gesellschaft dar. Dementsprechend
entwickelt sich die Forschung, insbesondere im Bereich der Diagnostik und
Früherkennung der Alzheimer-Krankheit, rasant. Im Bereich der
Therapieentwicklung gibt es ebenfalls bereits große Erfolge, wie dies
besonders die Möglichkeit, Amyloid im Gehirn bei der Alzheimer Erkrankung zu
senken, eindrucksvoll deutlich macht. Gleichzeitig hat das Feld aber
gegenwärtig auch noch stark mit dem Problem nicht ausreichend
überzeugender Ergebnisse in Bezug auf die klinische Effektivität
dieser Ansätze zu kämpfen. Vor dem Hintergrund dieser spannenden
Entwicklungen widmet sich das vorliegende Sonderheft der Fortschritte dem
Thema der Demenz und im Speziellen der Alzheimer-Krankheit.
Merkel-Zell-Karzinome des Oberlides mit ungewöhnlichem klinischem Erscheinungsbild
Authors: Roschinski Benjamin , Werner Martin , Mittelviefhaus Hans , Auw-Hädrich Claudia
Published: July 2022

Das Merkel-Zell-Karzinom (MZK) ist ein seltener, aggressiver neuroendokriner Hauttumor, der vor allem in der sonnenexponierten Kopf-Hals-Region, jedoch kaum im Lidbereich auftritt. Die
frühe lymphogene Ausbreitung führt häufig zu lokoregionalen Metastasen, weswegen eine frühe Diagnosestellung entscheidend ist. Klassischerweise stellt sich ein periokuläres MZK als
rötlich-livider Knoten bei älteren Patienten dar, eine Blickdiagnose. In Anbetracht der geringen Inzidenz und des variablen Erscheinungsbildes kann die Diagnose jedoch auch eine
Herausforderung darstellen. In den beiden hier vorgestellten Fällen präsentierte sich das MZK als eine hautfarbene Schwellung. Bei Patientin 1 zeigte der Tumor eine teils tiefe
subaponeurotische Lokalisation und täuschte histopathologisch ein B-Zell-Lymphom vor, während er bei Patient 2 klinisch ein diffuses Chalazion imitierte. Nach immunhistochemischer
Charakterisierung und Ausschluss von Metastasen wurden die initial klinisch benigne erscheinenden Veränderungen beider Patienten als CK20-negatives MZK klassifiziert. Die ausgedehnten
Oberliddefekte wurden durch eine Cutler-Beard-Plastik gedeckt, bei Patientin 1 angesichts der Oculus-unicus-Situation eine besondere Herausforderung. Unsere beiden Fälle zeigen, dass
Merkel-Zell-Karzinome sich nicht nur als tiefrote kirschförmige Tumoren manifestieren, sondern bei atypischer Lage bzw. Infiltrationsform hautfarben erscheinen und benigne Veränderungen
vortäuschen können.
Kognitive Interventionen bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit
Authors: Frimmer Daniela , Buerger Katharina
Published: July 2022

In der Behandlung der Alzheimer-Krankheit sind kognitive Interventionen ein
wichtiger Baustein. Als Teil der nicht-pharmakologischen
Behandlungsmöglichkeiten sind dabei vielfältig und je nach
Patient individuell. Mit diesem Beitrag sollen die einzelnen Konzepte kognitiver
Interventionen und deren theoretische Grundlagen dargestellt werden. Zudem wird
die aktuelle Studienlage mit Blick auf die Anwendung bei der Alzheimer-Krankheit
im Stadium der leichten kognitiven Störung (LKS) und der Demenz
zusammengefasst, wobei auch neuere Entwicklungen im Rahmen
computergestützter Verfahren Beachtung finden. Die spezifischen
Wirkfaktoren und klinischen Anwendungsmöglichkeiten kognitiver
Interventionsmöglichkeiten werden diskutiert.
Der Bindungsstil der Mutter und ihr perinatales Wohlbefinden
beeinflussen die frühkindliche Entwicklung
Authors: Goecke Tamme W. , Schöberl Gudrun I. , Beckmann Matthias W. , Beetz Andrea M.
Published: July 2022

Immer mehr Kinder zeigen bereits in der frühen Kindheit Anzeichen von
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten und Dysregulationen. Es wird ein Einfluss der
pränatalen Bindung der Schwangeren zu ihrem ungeborenen Kind sowie ihres
peripartalen Wohlbefindens angenommen. In einer prospektiven Studie an 161
Erstgebärenden wurde über standardisierte Fragebögen im
dritten Trimenon und 3 Wochen, 6 Monate und 18 Monate postpartum die
pränatale Bindung der Mutter zum Kind, den maternalen Bindungsstil, die
Bindung in der Paarbeziehung und die prä- und postpartale
Depressivität, sowie Entwicklungsauffälligkeiten des Kindes im
Alter von 18 Monaten erfasst. Im allgemeinen linearen Modell (ALM) waren eine
länger vorliegende prä- und postpartale Depressivität
der Mutter sowie Anzeichen einer unsicheren pränatalen Bindung zum Kind
mit einer höheren Rate an kindlichen Verhaltensauffälligkeiten
assoziiert. Die Befunde untermauern die Bedeutung der frühzeitigen
Wahrnehmung von Depressivität bei Frauen während und nach der
Schwangerschaft durch medizinische Fachkräfte und der Einleitung von
entsprechenden Hilfen, um die Häufigkeit kindlicher
Verhaltensauffälligkeiten zu reduzieren.
Impact of the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 2020 guidelines on the number of scheduled post-polypectomy surveillance colonoscopies
Authors: Bustamante-Balén Marco , García-Campos Maria , Lorenzo-Zúñiga Vicente , Alonso-Lázaro Noelia , Sanchez-Montes Cristina , Argüello-Viudez Lidia , Pons-Beltrán Vicente
Published: July 2022

Background and study aims In contrast with the European Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (ESGE) 2013 and the US Multi-society Task Force (USMSTF) 2020 guidelines, the ESGE 2020 guideline considers patients with three to four adenomas < 10 mm or an adenoma with villous histology as low risk. The aim of this study was to quantify the influence of the application of the new ESGE 2020 guidelines, as opposed to the ESGE 2013 and USMSTF 2020 guidelines, on the number of scheduled colonoscopies, and to describe the main causes for changes in the surveillance intervals.

Patients and methods A retrospective evaluation was conducted of a prospectively maintained fecal immunochemical test (FIT)-based regional colorectal cancer screening program database. Surveillance regimens following ESGE 2020, ESGE 2013, and USMSTF 2020 guidelines were compared.

Results Overall, 1284 individuals with a positive FIT and undergoing colonoscopy were consecutively included. When applying the ESGE 2020 guidelines, 10.8 % of patients changed to a “no-surveillance” group (relative reduction in colonoscopies of 82.5 %). The main reason for these changes was considering three to four adenomas as low risk. The proportion of patients from the “3-year surveillance” group who moved to the “no-surveillance” group was lower when a sessile serrated lesion (SSL) was present (ESGE 2013, 32.0% vs 16.3 %; USMSTF 2020 17.2 % vs 6.8 %). Analyzing the 41 patients with SSLs who remained unchanged in the “no-surveillance” group, only in 15 (36.6 %) the cause was the presence of an SSL.

Conclusions applying the new ESGE 2020 guidelines could reduce by 11 % the proportion of individuals being offered surveillance. SLLs have not a major influence on the change of surveillance intervals.
The Rationale for Economic Evaluation in Speech and Language: Cost, Effectiveness, and Cost-effectiveness
Authors: Hoch Jeffrey S. , Smith Bridgette P. , Kim Jiyeong , Dewa Carolyn S.
Published: July 2022

Economic evaluation studies the costs and outcomes of two or more alternative activities to estimate the relative efficiency of each course of action. Economic evaluation is both important and necessary in the management of speech and language issues. Economic evaluation can help focus attention on interventions that provide value for improving population health. The purpose of this article is to introduce readers to fundamental economic concepts. Readers are also introduced to common issues when conducting economic evaluations and how to address them in practice.