bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Instant Flood Risk Modelling (Inform) Tool for Co-Design of Flood Risk Management Strategies with Stakeholders in Can Tho City, Vietnam
Authors: Ngo Hieu , Radhakrishnan Mohanasundar , Ranasinghe Roshanka , Pathirana Assela , Zevenbergen Chris
Published: November 2021

Flood risk reduction strategies play an important role in flood risk management (FRM) and these strategies are being co-designed with the engagement of the stakeholder through multiple consultations and co-designing sessions. Effective participation of stakeholders in interactive work sessions requires fast and accurate modeling systems with a user-friendly interface, which can simulate the impact due to various flood reduction measures selected by the stakeholders and also generate outputs that can be understood by all stakeholders, especially those who are not FRM specialists. Presenting an easy-to-understand tool with easy inputs and outputs for a variety of stakeholders and at the same time providing reliable and accurate results for a range of scenarios and interventions is a challenge. Seven requirements that are essential for a user-friendly flood risk tool were used to develop an instant flood risk modeling tool. This paper presents a web-based hydraulic tool, i.e., instant flood risk model (Inform), to support FRM in the urban center of Can Tho city (Ninh Kieu district), Mekong Delta, Vietnam. Inform was developed based on (i) a simplified 1D model for the entire Mekong Delta; and (ii) flood hazard and damage maps, and estimated flood damage for Ninh Kieu district in Can Tho city obtained directly from the 1D/2D coupled model for Ninh Kieu district. Inform rapidly generates flood levels, flood hazard and damage maps, estimated damages. Pilot testing with experts confirmed that Inform qualifies as a reliable co-design tool for developing FRM strategies as it features an inbuilt input library, comprises flexible options, easy to use, produces quick results and has a user-friendly interface. With the help of an interactive web-based tool such as Inform presented here, it is possible to co-design FRM strategies for Can Tho or any other city that is subject to flood risk.
Sediment Transport Dynamism in the Confluence Area of Two Rivers Transporting Mainly Suspended Sediment Based on Sentinel-2 Satellite Images
Authors: Mohsen Ahmed , Kovács Ferenc , Mezősi Gábor , Kiss Tímea
Published: November 2021

Downstream of the confluence of rivers, complex hydrological and morphological processes control the flow and sediment transport. This study aimed to analyze the spatio-temporal dynamics of suspended sediment in the confluence area of the Tisza and its main tributary Maros River using Sentinel-2 images and to reveal the correlation between the hydrological parameters and the mixing process through a relatively long period (2015–2021). The surficial suspended sediment dynamism was analyzed by applying K-means unsupervised classification algorithm on 143 images. The percentages of the Tisza (TW) and Maros (MW) waters and their mixture (MIX) were calculated and compared with the hydrological parameters in both rivers. The main results revealed that the areal, lateral, and longitudinal extensions of TW and MIX have a better correlation with the hydrological parameters than the MW. The Pearson correlation matrix revealed that the discharge ratio between the rivers controls the mixing process significantly. Altogether, 11 mixing patterns were identified in the confluence area throughout the studied period. The TW usually dominates the confluence in November and January, MW in June and July, and MIX in August and September. Predictive equations for the areal distribution of the three classes were derived to support future water sampling in the confluence area.
The Holocene History of the Diatom Community in a Small Water Body on Shemya Island (Aleutian Arc, USA): The Influence of Global and Local Environmental Changes
Authors: Neplyukhina Alisa A. , Tchabovsky Andrey V. , Gololobova Maria A. , Smyshlyaeva Olesya I. , Krylovich Olga A. , Savinetsky Arkady B. , Kotov Alexey A.
Published: November 2021

A diatom analysis of a peat deposit from Shemya Island (Aleutian Arc, USA) is performed, and the dynamics of the diatom community are described. According to the radiocarbon dating, the formation of the deposit began 9300 cal. years BP. Principal component analysis made it possible to relate the dynamics of the diatom community to certain environmental conditions and the factors that influenced the coastal ecosystems during its formation. The following factors (predictors) were considered: the influence of age, zoo- and anthropogenic effects, and changes in climatic conditions. Sea level change was the main driver of the diatom community in the studied water body having a continuous direct and indirect influence on the studied small water body, i.e., by bird colony formation and more humid and coastal conditions. Since 3000–2000 cal. years BP, the anthropogenic factor (hunting depression of the bird colony) also became significant. During the whole water body lifetime and following peat formation, the diatom community was influenced by groups of factors: global factors (e.g., sea level rise) caused gradual change of local factors, which resulted in smooth shifts in community. In contrast, local factor influence (bird colony rise and fall due to human activity) caused abrupt and transient shifts. We can hypothesize that the relatively stable global environmental conditions in the Late Holocene were an auspicious background to see abrupt changes due to influence of the zoogenic and anthropogenic factors. We believe that further works on the material from other islands will make it possible to form a general picture of changes in the diatom communities in the Holocene and interpret it in connection with climatic changes in the region.
Numerical Canal Seepage Loss Evaluation for Different Lining and Crack Techniques in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions: A Case Study of the River Nile, Egypt
Authors: Elkamhawy Elsayed , Zelenakova Martina , Abd-Elaty Ismail
Published: November 2021

Owing to the potential negative impacts of climatic changes and the grand Ethiopian renaissance dam, water scarcity has become an urgent issue. Therefore, the Egyptian Ministry of Water Resources and Irrigation has started a national project of the lining and rehabilitation of canals, to reduce seepage losses and for efficient water resource management. This study presents a new approach for assessing three different lining and crack techniques for the Ismailia canal, the largest end of the river Nile, Egypt. A 2-D steady state seep/w numerical model was developed for the Ismailia canal section, in the stretch at 28.00–49.00 km. The amount of seepage was significantly dependent on the hydraulic characteristics of the liner material. The extraction from aquifers via wells also had a considerable impact on the seepage rate from the unlined canals; however, a lesser effect was present in the case of lined canals. The concrete liner revealed the highest efficiency, followed by the geomembrane liner, and then the bentonite liner; with almost 99%, 96%, and 54%, respectively, without extraction, and decreasing by 4% for bentonite and geomembrane liners during extraction; however, the concrete lining efficiency did not change considerably. Nevertheless, the efficiency dramatically decreased to 25%, regardless of the lining technique, in the case of deterioration of the liner material. The double effect of both deterioration of the liner material and extraction from the aquifer showed a 16% efficiency, irrespective of the utilized lining technique.
The Effect of Venom of Egyptian Spitting Cobra Naja nubiae on Vascular Permeability of Hepatic and Renal Tissues
Authors: Saad Mahmoud Shokhba Asmaa , Abdel-Rahman Mohamed A. , El-Deen A. Omran Mohammed Alaa , El-Shenawy Nahla Soliman
Published: November 2021

Background: Among venomous elapid snakes, cobras have the highest public awareness, as their venom represents a combination of proteins, peptides, and enzymes that have a range of biochemical and pharmacological roles and are also the main constitutes of biological activity and lethal toxicity. Objectives: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of the venom of Egyptian Spitting Cobra, Naja nubiae, on the vascular permeability based on the extravasation of the azo dye Evans blue (EB) into the tissues of the liver and kidneys of animals envenomed with low (¼ LD50; 0.32 mg/kg) and high (½ LD50; 0.65 mg/ kg) doses at three sampling times (30, 120, 360 min) post-injection of the venom. Methods: Fifty-four adult male Albino rats (8 weeks old and 180±2 0 g body weight) were divided into three main groups (n=6). In the control group, rats were subcutaneously (SC) injected with saline solution. Envenomed groups were SC injected, one group with 0.32 mg/kg and the other group with 0.65 mg/kg body weight of crude venom, respectively. Rats were I.V injected with EB dye 20 minutes before SC injection with saline solution as control animals and with Naja nubiae venom as treatment groups. Results: The results illustrated a high significant rate of EB extravasation to hepatic and renal tissues by the colorimetric determination of EB dye concentration. Conclusion: The venom of Naja nubiae can cause increased hepatic and renal vascular permeability which may explain the inflammatory effect induced by this venom.
Chemistry, biological activities and toxic effects of alkaloidal constituents of genus Delphinium - A mini review
Authors: Lotfaliani Mohammadreza , Ayatollahi Seyed Abdulmajid , Kobarfard Farzad , ghanadian Mustafa , Mohammadi Pour Pardis
Published: November 2021

The genus Delphinium is one of the essential members of the family Ranunculaceae. These species grow wild in North America, Europe, and Asia. They have demonstrated antioxidant, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities. Diterpenoid alkaloids are their main constituents and seem to be responsible for medicinal and toxic properties. The primary purpose of this paper is to review the therapeutic benefits of Delphinium species, chemical composition, and its medicinal uses, in addition to the reported toxic effects of these plants influencing different animals and humans.
Prevalence and predisposing factors of chronic kidney disease in Yazd city; a population-based study
Authors: Mirzaei Masoud , Nourimajalan Nader , Morovati Hamidreza , Askarishahi Mohsen , Hemayati Roya
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major health problem and one of the public health threats with an increasing prevalence and burden. However, early diagnosis of this disease is challenging in Iran due to insufficient information. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of CKD and its predisposing factors in Yazd city, Iran. Patients and Methods: We conducted this cross-sectional study using the recruitment phase data of Yazd Health Study (YaHS) collected during 2013-2014. Data of 3649 individuals, age 20-69 years were analyzed. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was calculated using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula and values less than 60 mL/min/1.73 m2 were defined as CKD. Logistic regression was employed to determine the risk factors of CKD. Results: The mean age of participants was 46.0 ± 13.8 years and the overall prevalence of CKD was 6.6 percent (7.6% for women and 5.4% for men). The disease prevalence was 21.5% in the age group of 60-69 years. The prevalence of CKD had a significant relationship with older age, obesity, female gender, diabetes, high blood pressure and history of heart disease. Conclusion: CKD has a high prevalence in the population of this region of Iran. The most important modifiable risk factors for CKD included diabetes and high blood pressure. Therefore, the health system should strive for early detection of CKD in order to prevent morbidity and mortality of this disease.
Ultrasonographic percutaneous nephrolithotomy, with or without ureteral catheter
Authors: Zahirian Moghadam Telma , Mohseni Rad Hamed , Hossein Khani Ali , Ghazi Ahmad
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Access by ultrasonography rather than fluoroscopy in addition to reducing radiation exposure to the patient and staff, is safe and effective. Access by ultrasonography is bi-planar and real-time compared to fluoroscopy, because it provides fewer side effects and more stone free rate. Objectives: To study the complications and outcome of PCNL (percutaneous nephrolithotomy) with or without using ureteral catheter. Patients and Methods: We studied 59 patients with at least 2 cm diameter of renal stone from January to December of 2018. After general anesthesia, 35 patients in the ureteral stent group were prepared in bladder lithotomy position. Then 5-French (Fr) ureteral catheters were introduced endoscopically in stone affected side and fixed to 16 Fr urethral Foley catheters in the patients. Other 24 patients in the non-stent group following anesthesia were directed to prone position instantly. In all of the patients, ultrasonography was performed in posterior auxiliary line below the ribs in prone position. Retrograde instillation of normal saline was performed through ureteral catheter in stent-group. Then we inserted 18G Chiba needle to desired calyx without needle holder guidance in all patients. Our approach according to probe was transverse. Results: Our patients comprised of 24 men and 35 women aged 24 to 66 years. Thirteen of them had no hydronephrosis and their stone sizes ranged from 21 mm to 65 mm. Patients in the ureteral stent group were more obese compared to the non-stent group (P=0.02) in addition to significantly more operation time (P=0.03). However hydronephrosis was not significantly different between groups (P=0.3). Postoperative residual stone rate, hospital stay days and complications (Fever, blood transfusion) were the same between both groups. Only urinary leak was more common in the non-stent group (P=0.04) Conclusion: Ultra-sonographic-PCNL without inserting ureteral catheter before surgery is conceivable especially in patients with lower body mass index (BMI). Advantages and complications are same in ureteral stent and non-stent patients except urinary leak that is more common in non-stent patients.
Preparation and in vivo toxicity study of allantoin incorporated hyaluronic acid-L-cysteine oral solution: A future treatment for mucositis
Authors: Ahmadian Zainab , Dargahi Ali Reza , Musaie Kiyan , Eskandari Mohammad Reza
Published: November 2021

Background: Thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA) with interesting properties, such as muco-adhesiveness, enzyme inhibitory, permeation enhancing, and release controlling properties can be applied for drug delivery in various diseases like mucositis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stability and toxicity of thiol modified HA by the aid of L-cysteine ethyl ester hydrochloride (Cys) named (HA-Cys) and allantoin (Alla) incorporated HA-Cys (HA-Cys-Alla) to reveal their potential for the future treatment of mucositis. Methods: The HA modification and drug incorporation were investigated using FTIR spectroscopy. The evaluation of in vitro cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cell line by means of MTT assay and in vivo toxicity by measuring the hematological and biochemical parameters in rats were performed. The appearance stability of HA-Cys and HA-Cys-Alla was evaluated at room and refrigerator temperatures over time. In addition, the stability of HA-Cys and HA-Cys-Alla subjected to heating and cooling, freeze-thaw, centrifugal forces, as well as the pH stability under the above-mentioned conditions were also investigated. Results: The results indicated that the synthesized HA-Cys and HA-Cys-Alla with pseudo-plastic rheological behavior demonstrated excellent stability at refrigerator temperature. Although HA-Cys showed good stability, the HA-Cys-Alla revealed color change at room temperature. Moreover, despite no much resistance of HA-Cys and HA-Cys-Alla against the heating-cooling test, the samples exhibited good resistance against freeze-thaw and centrifugal forces. Also, convenient pH stability and high in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility were observed. Conclusions: The low in vitro and in vivo toxicity and convenient stability of HA-Cys-Alla has introduced it as a proper candidate for future clinical applications.
Using Rounding Errors in Modern Computer Technologies
Authors: Zadiraka Valerii , Shvidchenko Inna
Published: November 2021

Introduction. When solving problems of transcomputational complexity, the problem of evaluating the rounding error is relevant, since it can be dominant in evaluating the accuracy of solving the problem.
The ways to reduce it are important, as are the reserves for optimizing the algorithms for solving the problem in terms of accuracy. In this case, you need to take into account the rounding-off rules and calculation modes.
The article shows how the estimates of the rounding error can be used in modern computer technologies for solving problems of computational, applied mathematics, as well as information security.
The purpose of the article is to draw the attention of the specialists in computational and applied mathematics to the need to take into account the rounding error when analyzing the quality of the approximate solution of problems. This is important for mathematical modeling problems, problems using Bigdata, digital signal and image processing, cybersecurity, and many others.
The article demonstrates specific estimates of the rounding error for solving a number of problems: estimating the mathematical expectation, calculating the discrete Fourier transform, using multi-digit arithmetic and using the estimates of the rounding error in algorithms for solving computer steganography problems.
The results. The estimates of the rounding error of the algorithms for solving the above-mentioned classes of problems are given for different rounding-off rules and for different calculation modes.
For the problem of constructing computer steganography, the use of the estimates of the rounding error in computer technologies for solving problems of hidden information transfer is shown.
Conclusions. Taking into account the rounding error is an important factor in assessing the accuracy of the approximate solution of problems of the complexity above average. Keywords: rounding error, computer technology, discrete Fourier transform, multi-digit arithmetic, computer steganography.
Toward Public Sector Practice
Authors:   University of Hawai‘i at Manoa, Ho Schar Cathi
Published: November 2021

In 2016, the University of Hawaii at Manoa School of Architecture established the University of Hawaii Community Design Center (UHCDC), working in close collaboration with a state legislator to meet the needs of the state government. This unique governmental alignment introduced a novel form of community design that opened up new academic and extramural space for the school and university, taking the form of a top-down public sector practice as distinct from its more common, bottom-up public interest alternative. This paper presents the results of three years of continuous dialogue with the state legislature and over $2 million in contracts with state agencies, by reflecting on the transformative effects of public sector practice on design pedagogy. This reflection follows three case study courses: an undergraduate basic design studio; an undergraduate concentration design studio; and an advanced professional practice course, all required within Hawaii’s undergraduate and graduate curricula. Each case study lists learning, teaching, and long term benefits that flowed from each public sector partnership, focusing on the potential of this model to strengthen and enrich professional education. The evolution of these courses maps the transition from working on projects to working on systems, also a move toward applying equitable academic and design rigor to marginalized project typologies—e.g. utility buildings, infrastructure, renovation, and repair and maintenance. In addition, UHCDC’s contract work represents an expanded field of practice, including social science research, service and strategy design, community engagement, information design, engineering, and development studies, demonstrating the broader disciplinary demands of the public sector. More importantly, the significant dividends from this three year-old public sector practice identifies an opportunity area for architectural education and practice—design in government.
Neonomads: Between Education and Practice
Authors:   American University of Sharjah, Rhodes Patrick , Spaw Gregory Thomas ,   American University of Sharjah
Published: November 2021

This paper examines the inherent intermediary realities of design-build within a continuum of academia and practice through the presentation of a series of “in-betweens” associated with a year-long design-build studio, a mobile shelter and research station for the Sharjah Environment and Protected Areas Authority (EPAA) sited within the extreme climatic conditions of the Arabian Desert. It analyzes a set of liminal, cultural, and environmental conditions and how they defined the design process; the way in which we engaged the community; and the resulting architecture as an assessment of the studio experience from the conceptual through to the deployment of built work. The impetus for the studio was a fascination with the Empty Quarter of the Rub’ al Khali, one of the most isolated places on Earth and until recently referred to as “terra incognita”, and the intersection between the disappearing Bedouin culture and the rapidly developing and modernizing culture of the United Arab Emirates. For thousands of years, the Bedouins have traversed the Arabian deserts and are the only masters of their more than 650,000 square kilometers of ancient sands. The first foreign explorers were not able to penetrate the Quarter until 1931, with the first accurate Western maps made by Thesiger between 1946 and 1950. Since then, only a few extreme adventurers have attempted its crossing, leaving the rest of us to wonder at its edge.
Unpacking Design-Build Nomenclature
Authors:   American University of Sharjah, Hughes Michael
Published: November 2021

The term design/build is a slight misnomer for these courses, which are intended less as surveys of the popular alternative delivery method than as hands-on clinics to teach students about sites, structures, materials, and joinery. Academic design/build programs remove design projects from the studio vacuum and push students to reconcile their drawings with real structures they can build, weld, wire, and plumb. They encourage students to work as part of collaborative teams, resolving conflicts, managing finances, and communicating with clients. Academics and construction industry professionals both use the term ‘Design-Build’ but the term is used differently by each group to describe two distinct operational strategies. In the construction industry, “Design-build is a method of project delivery in which one entity- the design-build team- works under a single contract with the project owner to provide design and construction services.” In contrast, design-build in schools of architecture refers to a teaching method distinguished by the integration of hands-on, full-scale construction as a fundamental component in the design process. In practice, confusion arising from this semantic overlap is limited by the fact that academic faculty and building contractors seldom intersect in daily practice.
Action-Oriented Design Bridging the Gap between Teaching and Practice through the Application of Action-Oriented Design Methodology
Authors:   American University of Beirut, Najjar Karim
Published: November 2021

The current trend in architectural design pedagogy favors research and innovation that pushes the field into new territories by triggering exciting debates and encouraging new speculative design experimentation. This can be attributed to the enormous increase in the mobility and accessibility of information. Internet and mobility have overwhelmed our design studios with data from different cultures and technologies, thus providing limitless possibilities and opportunities to students and teachers alike. However, architectural practice on the ground is hardly capable of keeping up with the fast-paced nature of academic innovation today because the highly experimental and speculative approaches powering these designs do not often consider the reality of constraints posed by factors such as budget, program, construction feasibility, or building law. It therefore can be argued that there is a growing gap between academia and the profession in architecture today.This paper therefore aims to introduce and discuss the benefits of action-oriented design methodology as opportunity in bridging the gap between pedagogy and practice. Applied successfully to Design Impact Laboratory (DI-Lab) at the American University of Beirut, such models bring innovative conceptual design work to life through its context in academia. Established in 2016 with the purpose of allowing design innovation to inform community-based projects, DI-Lab has since involved over fifty students in the design and execution of highly innovative, socially conscious projects.
Habilidades socioemocionales en adolescentes mexicanos
Authors: Ramírez Vanessa , Acuña Kenny , Engler Isaac
Published: November 2021

Socio-emotional skills are a set of facilitating competencies of social and human relationships; in addition, they generate behaviors that are the counterpart of certain types of attitudes that cause problems of a social and emotional nature. In the present work, a diagnosis was made in the young people of the high school No. 1 of the Autonomous University of Guerrero, Mexico, to know if the development of these skills is related to the objectives set by the university. This research was carried out in a school context and had a clinical cut, considering the criteria of socio-emotional skills proposed by the New Comprehensive Educational Model of the Ministry of Public Education. Regarding the methodology, it was exploratory, transversal, and descriptive. In conclusion, it is considered that 53% of young people are in a trend in the middle and low range, while only 47% were in the healthy direction. This confirms that socio-emotional education has not been correctly implemented, and a timely comprehensive pedagogical intervention is necessary.
Violencia y depresión en estudiantes universitarios en el contexto de la COVID-19
Authors: Quevedo Martha , Acuña Kenny
Published: November 2021

The purpose of the present study was to know the relationship between intimate partner violence and depression in students of the Autonomous University of Guerrero, Mexico, during the COVID-19 pandemic. The research is mixed; questionnaires with multiple-choice responses derived from the Beck Depression Inventory and the Violence Test were applied. The population consisted of 737 students; 564 were women, and 173 were men. Of these, 71.91% expressed having a healthy relationship with their partner, 8.82% presented mild violence, and 6.92% severe violence; however, 29.44% showed suicidal ideation. The results indicate that the university students showed cases of depression, and only a quarter showed suicidal thoughts. This means that the health crisis did affect the mental state of the students, and with this an academic problem that the university authorities must resolve.
CBM: An IoT enabled LiDAR sensor for in-field crop height and biomass measurements
Authors: Banerjee Bikram , Spangenberg German , Kant Surya
Published: November 2021

Phenotypic characterization of crop genotypes is an essential yet challenging aspect of crop management and agriculture research. Digital sensing technologies are rapidly advancing plant phenotyping and speeding-up crop breeding outcomes. However, off-the-shelf sensors might not be fully applicable and suitable for agriculture research due to diversity in crop species and specific need during plant breeding selections. Customized sensing systems with specialized sensor hardware and software architecture provide a powerful and low-cost solution. This study designed and developed a fully integrated Raspberry Pi-based LiDAR sensor named CropBioMass (CBM), enabled by internet of things to provide a complete end-to-end pipeline. The CBM is a low-cost sensor, provides high-throughput seamless data collection in field, small data footprint, injection of data onto the re-mote server, and automated data processing. Phenotypic traits of crop fresh biomass, dry biomass and plant height estimated by CBM data had high correlation with ground truth manual measurements in wheat field trial. The CBM is readily applicable for high-throughput plant phenotyping, crop monitoring and management for precision agricultural applications.
Investigation of modified WPM medium for the best meristem proliferation of Corylus avellana L.
Authors: Kivrak Kiran Secil , Galatali Selin , Yeniocak Sevil , Ozkaya Damla Ekin , Mercan Taner , Guldag Sevinc , Celik Onur , Abdul Ghafoor Naeem , Kaya Eergun
Published: November 2021

Cultivation of Corylus avellana L. in Turkey is performed generally in the northern regions where it is an important source of livelihood for the local farmers. More than 70% of world hazelnut production is supplied by Turkey, but compared with other countries, Turkey’s hazelnut production area is quite narrow. In this study was aimed to develop an effective in vitro production for seven local cultivars of C. avellana. Therefore, WPM medium supplemented with 6-Benzylaminopurine (BAP) was modified by using single or in combination of Fe-EDDHA, AgNO3, H3BO3, charcoal and gibberellic acid. In all varieties, the best regeneration rates varying between 68% and 94% were obtained from WPM medium supplemented with 4.4 µM BAP, 27.8 µM Fe-EDDHA and 10g/L Charcoal. Genetic stability of shoots derived from meristem culture using the best medium was analysed using ISSR primers, when the gel images of the PCR products were examined, no polymorphic band was observed in samples collected from seven provinces, and the genetic stability was determined as 100%.
OSARI, an Open-Source Anticipated Response Inhibition Task
Authors: He Jason L. , Hirst Rebecca J. , Puri Rohan , Coxon James , Byblow Winston , Hinder Mark , Skippen Patrick , Matzke Dora , Heathcote Andrew , Wadsley Corey G. , Silk Tim , Hyde Christian , Parmar Dinisha , Pedapati Ernest , Gilbert Donald L. , Huddleston David A. , Mostofsky Stewart , Leunissen Inge , MacDonald Hayley J. , Chowdhury Nahian S. , Gretton Matthew , Nikitenko Tess , Zandbelt Bram , Strickland Luke , Puts Nicolaas A. J.
Published: November 2021

The stop-signal paradigm has become ubiquitous in investigations of inhibitory control. Tasks inspired by the paradigm, referred to as stop-signal tasks, require participants to make responses on go trials and to inhibit those responses when presented with a stop-signal on stop trials. Currently, the most popular version of the stop-signal task is the ‘choice-reaction’ variant, where participants make choice responses, but must inhibit those responses when presented with a stop-signal. An alternative to the choice-reaction variant of the stop-signal task is the ‘anticipated response inhibition’ task. In anticipated response inhibition tasks, participants are required to make a planned response that coincides with a predictably timed event (such as lifting a finger from a computer key to stop a filling bar at a predefined target). Anticipated response inhibition tasks have some advantages over the more traditional choice-reaction stop-signal tasks and are becoming increasingly popular. However, currently, there are no openly available versions of the anticipated response inhibition task, limiting potential uptake. Here, we present an open-source, free, and ready-to-use version of the anticipated response inhibition task, which we refer to as the OSARI (the Open-Source Anticipated Response Inhibition) task.
Signs of Eccentricity in Two Gravitational-wave Signals May Indicate a Subpopulation of Dynamically Assembled Binary Black Holes
Authors: Romero-Shaw Isobel , Lasky Paul D. , Thrane Eric
Published: November 2021

The orbital eccentricity of a merging binary black hole leaves an imprint on the associated gravitational-wave signal that can reveal whether the binary formed in isolation or in a dynamical environment, such as the core of a dense star cluster. We present measurements of the eccentricity of 26 binary black hole mergers in the second LIGO–Virgo gravitational-wave transient catalog, updating the total number of binary black holes analyzed for orbital eccentricity to 36. Using the SEOBNRE waveform, we find the data for GW190620A are poorly explained by the zero-eccentricity hypothesis (frequentist p-value ≲0.1%). Using a log-uniform prior on eccentricity, the eccentricity at 10 Hz for GW190620A is constrained to e
10 ≥ 0.05 (0.1) at 74% (65%) credibility. With this log-uniform prior, we obtain a 90% credible lower eccentricity limit of 0.001, while assuming a uniform prior leads the data to prefer e
10 ≥ 0.11 at 90% credibility. This is the second measurement of a binary black hole system with statistical support for nonzero eccentricity; the intermediate-mass black hole merger GW190521 was the first. Interpretation of these two events is currently complicated by waveform systematics; we are unable to simultaneously model the effects of relativistic precession and eccentricity. However, if these two events are, in fact, eccentric mergers, then there are potentially many more dynamically assembled mergers in the LIGO–Virgo catalog without measurable eccentricity; ≳27% of the observed LIGO–Virgo binaries may have been assembled dynamically in dense stellar environments (95% credibility).
The Magellanic Stream at 20 kpc: A New Orbital History for the Magellanic Clouds
Authors: Lucchini Scott , D’Onghia Elena , Fox Andrew J.
Published: November 2021

We present new simulations of the formation of the Magellanic Stream based on an updated first-passage interaction history for the Magellanic Clouds, including both the Galactic and Magellanic Coronae and a live dark matter halo for the Milky Way. This new interaction history is needed because previously successful orbits need updating to account for the Magellanic Corona and the loosely bound nature of the Magellanic Group. These orbits involve two tidal interactions over the last 3.5 Gyr and reproduce the Stream’s position and appearance on the sky, mass distribution, and velocity profile. Most importantly, our simulated Stream is only ∼20 kpc away from the Sun at its closest point, whereas previous first-infall models predicted a distance of 100–200 kpc. This dramatic paradigm shift in the Stream’s 3D position would have several important implications. First, estimates of the observed neutral and ionized masses would be reduced by a factor of ∼5. Second, the stellar component of the Stream is also predicted to be <20 kpc away. Third, the enhanced interactions with the MW’s hot corona at this small distance would substantially shorten the Stream’s lifetime. Finally, the MW’s UV radiation field would be much stronger, potentially explaining the Hα emission observed along most of the Stream. Our prediction of a 20 kpc Stream could be tested by searching for UV absorption lines toward distant MW halo stars projected onto the Stream.
The Effects of Stromal Vascular Fraction Administration in Stimulating Graft Healing Process after Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Surgery in Rattus norvegicus
Authors: Santoso Agung Riyanto Budi , Mustamsir Edi , Luqman Fadli Muhammad , Yuarno Phatama Krisna , Wijaya Anindita E. P. , Dhakka Siahaan Lasa , Sugiarto Alwy
Published: November 2021

Introduction: Ligament injuries commonly occur in the knee region, and the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) being the most usually injured. Currently, autograft or allograft is the most common material used for ACL reconstruction surgery. The result of the ACL reconstruction depends on the healing process of the graft or ligamentization between graft and bone tunnel. This study aims to evaluate the effect of Stromal Vascular Fraction (SVF) intratunnel injection to stimulates graft healing following ACL reconstruction surgery, as measured by histology examination.
Method: This study was an experimental laboratory study with a post-test-only control group design using male Rattus novergicus. A random sampling procedure was used to choose the sample, which was then divided into two groups. The two groups consist of the control group that only had ACL reconstruction surgery and the treatment group that had reconstruction surgery with SVF administration.
Result: This study used Advanced Ligament Maturity Index (LMI) score and showed a significant improvement of graft healing in the treatment group compared to the control group. The measurement is based on the cellular, collagen, and vascular aspect testing with P < 0,05 for each subscore.
Conclusion: SVF intratunnel injection stimulates graft healing after ACL reconstruction surgery and causes a significant increase in cellular, collagen, and vascular aspects in the graft.
Three new Russula species in sect. Ingratae (Russulales, Basidiomycota) from southern China
Authors: Li Guo-Jie , Li Shou-Mian , Buyck Bart , Zhao Shi-Yi , Xie Xue-Jiao , Shi Lu-Yao , Deng Chun-Ying , Meng Qing-Feng , Sun Qi-Biao , Yan Jun-Qing , Wang Jing , Li Ming
Published: November 2021

Three new species of Russulasection Ingratae, found in Guizhou and Jiangsu Provinces, southern China, are proposed: R. straminella, R. subpectinatoides and R. succinea. Photographs, line drawings and detailed morphological descriptions for these species are provided with comparisons against closely-related taxa. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region supported the recognition of these specimens as new species. Additionally, R. indocatillus is reported for the first time from China and morphological and phylogenetic data are provided for the Chinese specimens.
An annotated checklist of the eukaryotic parasites of humans, exclusive of fungi and algae
Authors: Mathison Blaine A. , Sapp Sarah G. H.
Published: November 2021

The classification of “parasites” in the medical field is a challenging notion, a group which historically has included all eukaryotes exclusive of fungi that invade and derive resources from the human host. Since antiquity, humans have been identifying and documenting parasitic infections, and this collective catalog of parasitic agents has expanded considerably with technology. As our understanding of species boundaries and the use of molecular tools has evolved, so has our concept of the taxonomy of human parasites. Consequently, new species have been recognized while others have been relegated to synonyms. On the other hand, the decline of expertise in classical parasitology and limited curricula have led to a loss of awareness of many rarely encountered species. Here, we provide a comprehensive checklist of all reported eukaryotic organisms (excluding fungi and allied taxa) parasitizing humans resulting in 274 genus-group taxa and 848 species-group taxa. For each species, or genus where indicated, a concise summary of geographic distribution, natural hosts, route of transmission and site within human host, and vectored pathogens are presented. Ubiquitous, human-adapted species as well as very rare, incidental zoonotic organisms are discussed in this annotated checklist. We also provide a list of 79 excluded genera and species that have been previously reported as human parasites but are not believed to be true human parasites or represent misidentifications or taxonomic changes.
Elliptic systems involving Schrödinger operators with vanishing potentials
Authors: Arratia Juan , Pereira Denilson , Ubilla Pedro
Published: November 2021

We prove the existence of a bounded positive solution of the following elliptic system involving Schrödinger operators

   \begin{document}$ \begin{equation*} \left\{ \begin{array}{cll} -\Delta u+V_{1}(x)u = \lambda\rho_{1}(x)(u+1)^{r}(v+1)^{p}&\mbox{ in }&\mathbb{R}^{N}\\ -\Delta v+V_{2}(x)v = \mu\rho_{2}(x)(u+1)^{q}(v+1)^{s}&\mbox{ in }&\mathbb{R}^{N},\\ u(x),v(x)\to 0& \mbox{ as}&|x|\to\infty \end{array} \right. \end{equation*} $\end{document}

where \begin{document}$ p,q,r,s\geq0 $\end{document}, \begin{document}$ V_{i} $\end{document} is a nonnegative vanishing potential, and \begin{document}$ \rho_{i} $\end{document} has the property \begin{document}$ (\mathrm{H}) $\end{document} introduced by Brezis and Kamin [4].As in that celebrated work we will prove that for every \begin{document}$ R> 0 $\end{document} there is a solution \begin{document}$ (u_R, v_R) $\end{document} defined on the ball of radius \begin{document}$ R $\end{document} centered at the origin. Then, we will show that this sequence of solutions tends to a bounded solution of the previous system when \begin{document}$ R $\end{document} tends to infinity. Furthermore, by imposing some restrictions on the powers \begin{document}$ p,q,r,s $\end{document} without additional hypotheses on the weights \begin{document}$ \rho_{i} $\end{document}, we obtain a second solution using variational methods. In this context we consider two particular cases: a gradient system and a Hamiltonian system.
A TP53-associated immune prognostic signature for the prediction of the overall survival and therapeutic responses in pancreatic cancer
Authors: Liu Yi ,   Department of Colorectal and Anal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China, Cheng Long , Song Xiangyang , Li Chao , Zhang Jiantao , Wang Lei ,   Department of Orthopedics, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China,   Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Street Xinmin 71, Changchun, China
Published: November 2021

Pancreatic cancer (PC) is a highly fatal disease correlated with an inferior prognosis. The tumor protein p53 (TP53) is one of the frequent mutant genes in PC and has been implicated in prognosis. We collected somatic mutation data, RNA sequencing data, and clinical information of PC samples in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. TP53 mutation was an independent prognostic predictor of PC patients. According to TP53 status, Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) suggested that TP53 mutations were related to the immunophenotype of pancreatic cancer. We identified 102 differentially expressed immune genes (DEIGs) based on TP53 mutation status and developed a TP53-associated immune prognostic model (TIPM), including Epiregulin (EREG) and Prolactin receptor (PRLR). TIPM identified the high-risk group with poor outcomes and more significant response potential to cisplatin, gemcitabine, and paclitaxel therapies. And we verified the TIPM in the International Cancer Genome Consortium (ICGC) cohort (PACA-AU) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) cohort (GSE78229 and GSE28735). Finally, we developed a nomogram that reliably predicts overall survival in PC patients on the bias of TIPM and other clinicopathological factors. Our study indicates that the TIPM derived from TP53 mutation patterns might be an underlying prognostic therapeutic target. But more comprehensive researches with a large sample size is necessary to confirm the potential.
Isolation, identification and potential probiotic characterization of lactic acid bacteria from Thai traditional fermented food
Authors: Suwannaphan Sunisa ,   Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology and Agro-Industry, Rajamangala University of Technology Suvarnabhumi, Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, 13000, Thailand
Published: November 2021

The probiotic potential of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolated from Thai traditional fermented food was investigated. Forty-two samples were collected from four markets in Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya Province. Out of 50 isolated LAB, 6 (a3, f4, f8, K1, K4 and K9) obtained from pla-ra and bamboo shoot pickle samples showed high tolerance to gastrointestinal tract conditions. These isolates were selected to identify and characterize their probiotic properties. Isolate a3 was identified as Weissella thailandensis, isolates f4 and f8 were identified as belonging to Enterococcus thailandicus and isolates K1, K4 and K9 were determined as Limosilactobacillus fermentum. All six LAB exhibited high autoaggregation ability (93.40–95.01%), while W. thailandensis isolate a3 showed potential for coaggregation in almost all the pathogenic bacteria tested. Cell-free supernatant (CFS) obtained from all isolates did not inhibit Staphylococcus aureus. CFS derived from L. fermentum isolate K4 showed the most efficient antimicrobial activity, in particular against Gram-negative bacteria, while L. fermentum isolate K4 presented high surface hydrophobicity in the presence of xylene and n-hexane. All LAB isolates were found to be resistant to clindamycin and nalidixic acid, whereas E. thailandicus isolate f8 exhibited resistance to most of the antibiotics tested. L. fermentum isolate K4 showed promise as a suitable probiotic candidate for future applications in the food industry due to tolerance to gastrointestinal tract conditions with high surface hydrophobicity and inhibited most of the pathogens tested.
Pairwise Stable Matching in Large Economies
Authors: Greinecker Michael , Kah Christopher
Published: November 2021

We formulate a stability notion for two‐sided pairwise matching problems with individually insignificant agents in distributional form. Matchings are formulated as joint distributions over the characteristics of the populations to be matched. Spaces of characteristics can be high‐dimensional and need not be compact. Stable matchings exist with and without transfers, and stable matchings correspond precisely to limits of stable matchings for finite‐agent models. We can embed existing continuum matching models and stability notions with transferable utility as special cases of our model and stability notion. In contrast to finite‐agent matching models, stable matchings exist under a general class of externalities.
Learning Dynamics in Social Networks
Authors: Board Simon , Meyer-ter-Vehn Moritz
Published: November 2021

This paper proposes a tractable model of Bayesian learning on large random networks where agents choose whether to adopt an innovation. We study the impact of the network structure on learning dynamics and product diffusion. In directed networks, all direct and indirect links contribute to agents' learning. In comparison, learning and welfare are lower in undirected networks and networks with cliques. In a rich class of networks, behavior is described by a small number of differential equations, making the model useful for empirical work.