bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
FAKTOR-FAKTOR YANG MEMPENGARUHI PENDAPATAN PETANI TAMBAK IKAN BANDENG (Chanos chanos) DI DUSUN SUNGAI MAS DESA SEBATUAN KECAMATAN PEMANGKAT
Authors: Pezi  , Januardy Uray , Dian Novita Uray
Published: April 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui berapa besar pendapatan usaha tambak Ikan Bandeng dalam sekali produksi dan mengetahui faktor-faktor apa saja yang mempengaruhi pendapatan petani tambak Ikan Bandeng di Dusun Sungai Mas Desa Sebatuan Kecamatan Pemangkat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif karena dalam pelaksanaanya meliputi data, analisis, dan interprestasi tentang arti data yang diperoleh, data yang digunakan data primer dan sekunder. Terdapat 45 sampel dalam penelitian ini kemudian di olah dengan menggunakan SPSS 25 dan di analisis dengan menggunakan  teknik analisis regresi linear berganda. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan pendapatan terbesar petani tambak yang ada di Dusun Sungai Mas, Desa Sebatuan dalam sekali produksi adalah Rp.46.781.493 dan yang terkecil adalah Rp. 4.553.160 dan berdasarkan hasil SPSS menunjukkan bahwa variabel tenaga kerja, luas lahan dan modal berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap pendapatan petani tambak Ikan Bandeng di Dusun Sungai Mas Desa Sebatuan, Kecamatan Pemangkat.
Analysis of the Repeatability of SIFT and SURF Descriptors Techniques for Underwater Image Preprocessing
Authors: Ghate Shubhangi N. , Nikose Dr. Mangesh
Published: April 2021

To improve the repeatability of SIFT and SURF descriptors, we conducted research to find two methods: first, a method for pre-processing underwater images that does not require prior knowledge of the scene, and second, a method for computing distances that is less expensive in terms of execution time for finding corresponding points. SIFTs (Scale and Rotation Invariant Features) are new features that have been developed. SIFTs (Scale and Rotation Invariant Features) are newly developed features that are based on geometrical constraints between pairs of nearby points around a key point. SIFT is contrasted with cutting-edge local features. SIFT outperforms the state-of-the-art in terms of retrieval time and retrieval accuracy. We have discussed the time required to extract key point features of SIFT and SURF Descriptor.
Formulation of Unique Standard Protocol To Assess Degree of Deterioration in RCC Buildings
Authors: Zamindar Mubassar , Dode P. A.
Published: April 2021

The repairs strategy adopted is replacement of damaged materials without dealing with the real problems. Many engineers unintentionally attempt treating the symptoms, instead of dealing with the cause. Such an approach may offer a quick action with minimum inconvenience to the occupants. But in this process, there is a strong possibility that the source and cause for the distress remain unattended and continue to cause problem even after the superficial repairs have been executed. If structural defects are dealt with in this fashion, it remains only as defects camouflaged beneath finishes, which gives a false sense of safety to the occupants allowing the problem to continue without getting treated. A rational approach to any repair and rehabilitation work to consider the source of the problem and the symptoms together identified on a standard scale is needed. Repairs, maintenance , rehabilitation is an integral part during life span of the structure. Neglecting or avoiding the same results in a potential loss of structure which may ultimately result in loss of human life. Structural Audit is the most commonly used parameter/system which gives a detailed structural information regarding the actual insight of the structure. There are also detailed systems available as far as repairs or rehabilitation is concerned. There is a gap which needs to be bridged between the assessment and the actual repair process. There needs to be a standard system developed which will act as a protocol regarding assessment of the degree of deterioration of the structure.
Film Phenomenology and Adaptation
Authors: Richard David Evan
Published: April 2021

Film Phenomenology and Adaptation: Sensuous Elaboration argues that in order to make sense of film adaptation, we must first apprehend their sensual form. Across its chapters, this book brings the philosophy and research methodology of phenomenology into contact with adaptation studies, examining how vision, hearing, touch, and the structures of the embodied imagination and memory thicken and make tangible an adaptation’s source. In doing so, this book not only conceives adaptation as an intertextual layering of source material and adaptation, but also an intersubjective and textural experience that includes the materiality of the body.
Bodies That Still Matter
Authors: Butler Judith
Published: April 2021

The question of how best to name those who are most vulnerable to
precarity and exploitation is both a conceptual and political one. It has
been tempting in recent years to consider vulnerability as the foundation
for a new politics, but that is an error. Vulnerability cannot be isolated as
a new ground for politics. It is always contextual since it belongs to the
organization of embodied and social relations. Vulnerability can neither
be isolated from the constellation of rage, persistence, and resistance that
emerges under specific historical conditions, nor can it be the basis for a
new humanism. Rather, the differential exposure of bodies to abandonment,
illness, and death, belong to a sphere of power that regulates the
grievability of human lives, linked to the climate crisis and the demand
for a new political vocabulary that moves beyond anthropocentrism.
The differential scheme that governs the grievability of lives is a central
component of social inequality at the same time that it belongs to forms
of institutional violence that target communities and establish their
precarity, if not their dispensability. If and when a population is (or is
treated as) grievable, they can be acknowledged as a living population
whose deaths would be grieved if their lives were lost. To assert the grievability
of human life under conditions in which those lives have already
been abandoned is to make a political claim against abandonment, for
sustainable infrastructure, and for both the grievability and value of those
lives. Mourning is thus linked with public protest, Vulnerability is the
possibility of injury, but also of responsive and radical politics, one that
asserts continued bodily existence as a form of persistence.
The Psychic Life of Horror
Authors: Ewara Eyo
Published: April 2021

This essay explores how Julia Kristeva’s concept of abjection influences
Judith Butler’s thinking about race and racism. I articulate how Butler
presents racialized people as abjected in the formation of white subjectivity,
but does not consider how abjection shapes the subjectivity of people
of color subject to it. I argue that using abjection as a model for thinking
about racialization in her work reifies the negative portrayal of people
of color as abject and presents racism as a problem of white anxieties to
be overcome instead of a problem of people of color’s harm that needs
to be addressed.
The Performative Edge of Non-Politicians
Authors: Peetz Julia
Published: April 2021

Building on Butler’s theorization of legitimacy as performative and
dynamic rather than institutionally enshrined, this essay explores the
paradoxical performativity of contemporary populism. It asks how populists
should be understood to operate performatively in ways that make
them particularly successful in attracting followers. Populist speech acts
pose a challenge to traditional theorizations of performativity: they seem
to be successful in spite of the fact that they work through the disavowal,
not the affirmation, of the authority that would normally be assumed
necessary to make a performative speech act felicitous. Drawing on
examples of persistent US presidential populism since Watergate, this essay
posits that contemporary populism demands an expanded and revised
understanding of the conditions necessary to achieve performative felicity.
Branding Books Across the Ages
Authors: Braber Helleke , Dera Jeroen , Joosten Jos , Steenmeijer Maarten , Deinsen Lieke , Geerdink Nina , Hulsenboom Paul , Koffeman Maaike , Franssen Gaston , Schoor Rob , Debergh Gwennie , Bax Sander , Ackersmans Linda , McMartin Jack , Ham Laurens , Smeets Roel , Mourits Betram
Published: April 2021

For many, literature and marketing are considered opposite phenomena. This book discusses cases in which the two are closely connected. It argues that literature is subject to the same mechanisms as other commercial products: our experience of literary texts is prefigured by brands, trademarks that identify a product and differentiate it from its competitors. From the early modern period onwards, literary authors and their texts are constantly ‘branded’ and have been both the object and the trailblazer of a complex marketing process. The authors of this volume analyze this branding process throughout the centuries, focusing on the Netherlands. To what extent is our experience of Dutch literature prefigured by brands, and what role does branding play when introducing European authors in the Dutch literary field (or vice versa)? By answering these questions, Branding Books Across the Ages seeks to show how literary scholars understand branding – a phenomenon that has long been intertwined with literature.
Telling a Double Story
Authors: van den Braber Helleke
Published: April 2021

Between 1904 and 1919, Dutch author and critic Albert Verwey spearheaded
the prominent magazine De beweging. Though it was a cultural commodity
that needed to be sold, the autonomy of De beweging had to be defended
and negotiated as well, sometimes at a significant cost. This chapter
explores this paradox, focusing on the ways Verwey ‘sold the unsaleable’
and used the stories he told about his journal to market De beweging.
Branding cultural objects comes down to not only telling a story about
them, but also pitching that story against the stories others may create. I
argue that Verwey’s ambition was to persuade other stakeholders to engage
with his story by investing materially or symbolically in De beweging.
Young Adults as Branded Readers
Authors: Ackermans Linda
Published: April 2021

Since 2009, Dutch publishers are increasingly marketing and branding
books as young adult literature (YAL), thereby wishing to appeal to a
specific target group of young people. In exploring YAL as a brand, we
observe an interesting and broad branding process, within which attention
is devoted to strategies that focus on branded relationships and the
creation of a lifestyle, and within which the use of social media and the
utilization of readers as influencers are key. This interactive branding
process is explored against the theoretical backdrop of Bourdieu’s theory
of the reversed economy and Martens’s (2016) new model of publishing.
The Dutch publishing house Blossom Books provides a case study for
examining the (re)distribution of the roles of publishers and readers and
shows how exceptional the branding of YAL is.
‘This Is What We Share’
Authors: McMartin Jack
Published: April 2021

This chapter focuses on the joint guests of honour at the 2016 Frankfurt
Book Fair, Flanders and the Netherlands – a rare case of two government
organisations representing separate national groupings (Flanders and
the Netherlands) coming together to present the literature of a single
language (Dutch) on the international stage. It recounts how the two
delegations’ shared status as guests of honour for 2016 came about through
a collaboration between the Dutch Foundation for Literature and the
Flemish Literature Fund (now known as Flanders Literature) and analyses
the branding decisions made by the 2016 organizers. Conceptually, the
chapter engages with perspectives from field theory and the sociology
of translation to elaborate branding as a form of position-taking and
guest of honour presentations as important mechanisms of transnational
capital conversion.
Against the Grain
Authors: Smeets Roel
Published: April 2021

By contesting what they see as the norms and values of the literary field,
‘mavericks’ such as Das Mag run the risk of being neglected or excluded.
This contribution explores how this self-branding process takes place in
the context of Lize Spit’s bestselling debut The Melting (2016). Key to the
Das Mag brand are anti-conventional, ironic, and democratic rhetorical
devices. This chapter examines how Spit conforms to or deviates from
this brand, as well as how other actors in the literary field respond to this.
This contribution demonstrates how Das Mag’s self-proclaimed maverick
position does not lead to an expulsion from the literary field but on the
contrary sees the Das Mag brand flourishing.
Deciphering China
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: April 2021

This chapter examines Singaporean elite perspectives towards China and
how China’s rise is understood and debated in Singapore. It argues that
Singapore’s reading of China’s rise is broadly divided into three schools
that parallel theories of mainstream international relations, namely, the
realist, economic institutionalist, and the constructivist positions. By
analyzing the views put forth by three Singaporean thought leaders that
are representative of each of these schools, the chapter argues that at
the crux of Singapore’s perspectives on China is a contestation between
these three schools of thought as well as the extent to which Singapore
perceives China as exceptional.
Conclusion
Authors: Ho Benjamin Tze Ern
Published: April 2021

In this chapter I summarize the discussions of the previous chapters
and argue that Chinese exceptionalism provides a more comprehensive
interpretation compared to mainstream IR theories in explaining Chinese
international politics. However, I also note that China’s claims to
exceptionalism lack universal appeal and are fundamentally self-serving
rather than outward facing. This suggests that Beijing’s political worldview
reflects a narrow vision of what the international political order should
entail and is largely developed with China’s own interests in mind.
Lean, een actieve speler in een netwerk: inzichten uit een relationeel-performatief perspectief
Authors: van Loenen Vincent , Schouteten Roel , Visser Max , Vosselman Ed , van de Water Mariëlle
Published: April 2021

In dit artikel staat de ontwikkeling en performativiteit van Lean centraal. Onderzoek uit de management accounting en control (MAC)-literatuur laat zien wat een MAC-systeem (zoals bijvoorbeeld de balanced scorecard (BSC)) bewerkstelligt als organisaties een dergelijk systeem invoeren. Daarentegen is soortgelijk onderzoek naar een organisatieconcept als Lean schaars, waardoor we een beperkt beeld hebben van wat er zich tijdens een implementatie van Lean afspeelt en wat Lean binnen een organisatie teweegbrengt. Door gebruikmaking van theoretische inzichten uit de MAC-literatuur op een praktijkcase, toont dit artikel aan dat Lean zelf ook een actieve speler in een netwerk is. Dat wil zeggen dat Lean niet alleen rationeel in te zetten instrument is dat ten dienste staat van een besluitvormer, maar mede invloed uitoefent omdat het relaties aangaat en interacteert. Het biedt managers en organisatieadviseurs (practici) inzichten in hoe zij een Lean-implementatie anders kunnen begeleiden.
Hemşirelerin Mesleki Riskleri ve Hastane Enfeksiyonları İle İlgili Bilgi Düzeyleri ve Uygulamaları
Authors: ORHAN Zerife , KAYIŞ Arzu , SÖNMEZ Mehtap , İNAL Şermin , KAYA Esra , ARAL Murat
Published: April 2021

Amaç: Hastane enfeksiyonları hastalar için risk olduğu kadar sağlık çalışanları içinde büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışma hastane enfeksiyonlarının yayılmasında önemli yeri olan hemşirelerin görevleri gereği enfeksiyonların gerek kendilerine bulaşmasını, gerekse hastane içerisinde yayılmalarını engelleyici enfeksiyon kontrolü ve koruyucu önlemler hakkında bilgileri ve klinik içi uygulamalarını belirlemek amacıyla gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yöntem: Araştırma kesitsel ve tanımlayıcı özelliktedir. Araştırmanın evrenini üniversite hastanesinde kliniklerde çalışan 330 hemşire oluşturmaktadır. Araştırma minumum örneklem büyüklüğü 178 olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma verileri araştırmacılar tarafından hazırlanan anket aracılığı ile yüz yüze uygulanarak toplanmıştır. Araştırmaya hastanede bulunan kliniklerden 10 hemşire rastgele seçilmiş, hemşirelere gündüz ve gece mesainde ulaşılmıştır. Araştırmaya katılmayı kabul eden 130 hemşire araştırmaya dahil edilmiştir. Veriler anket yöntemi ile toplanmıştır ve SPSS 22.0 programında analiz edilmiştir. Veriler %95 güven aralığında, p<0.05 olarak anlamlı kabul edilmiştir. Bulgular: Hemşirelerin yaş ortalamaları 26.0±0.5 olup, %84.6’sı kadındır ve %55’i lisans mezunudur. Meslekte çalışma yılı ortalaması 5.0±0.3’tür. Hemşirelerin kişisel koruyucu önlemler ve el hijyenine yönelik bilgi düzeylerinin standart önlemler çerçevesinde yüksek olduğu belirlenmiştir. Hemşirelerin hastane enfeksiyonları için sıklıkla aldığı önlem eldivendir (%84.2). Hemşirelerin %95.4’ü tarafından maske, bone ve gözlük gibi diğer araçların kullanılması enfeksiyona karşı koruyucu bariyer olarak bildirilmiştir. Hemşirelerin %42.6’sı okul müfredatından, %39.5’i hastane hizmet içi eğitimden hastane enfeksiyonları ile ilgili bilgi edindiğini bildirmiştir. Hastane enfeksiyonlarını önleme çalışmalarının yeterli olmadığını düşünenler %67, kendisinin yeterli bulmayanlar ise %48’dir. Hastanelerde enfeksiyon kontrolü için yetersizliklerin en önemli nedeni sorulduğunda birinci sırada malzeme eksikliği (%68.7) gelmektedir. Sonuç: Hemşirelerin hastane enfeksiyonları korunma ve önlenmesinde önemli rol oynadıkları bilinmektedir. Hemşirelerin bilgi düzeylerini arttırmak önemlidir ancak tek başına yeterli değildir. Hastane enfeksiyonları için koruyucu önlemlerin alınabilmesi için gerekli malzemelerin sağlanması ve hastane enfeksiyon önleme kurallarına uyulması gerekmektedir.
Menopozal Dönemde Görülen Üriner İnkontinansın Yaşam Kalitesine Etkisi
Authors: AŞIK Safiye , ŞAHİN Sevil
Published: April 2021

Menopozal dönem kadın yaşamında birçok etki ve değişime neden olan uzun bir süreç olduğundan önemle ele alınması gereken bir dönemdir. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü’nün tanımına göre menopoz; overlerdeki foliküler aktivitenin sonlanmasına bağlı olarak doğurganlığın ve menstruasyonun geri dönüşsüz şekilde sona ermesidir. Menopoz ile birlikte kadın vücudunda meydana gelen fizyolojik değişiklikler birçok probleme neden olmaktadır. Menopozal dönemde görülen problemler arasında vazomotor semptomlar, genitoüriner sistem sorunları, psikolojik sorunlar ve osteoporoz yer almaktadır. Bireyin yaşam kalitesini ve işlevselliğini etkileyen bu problemler her kadını farklı oranda etkilemektedir. Menopozda görülen genitoüriner sistem değişikliklerine bağlı olarak gelişen üriner inkontinans, kadınların psikolojik, fiziksel, sosyal ve ekonomik iyilik halini dolayısıyla yaşam kalitesini etkilediğinden yaygın bir sağlık sorunu olduğu bilinmektedir. Uluslararası Kontinans Topluluğu’nun tanımına göre üriner inkontinans; istemsiz olarak herhangi bir şekilde idrar kaçırma şikâyetidir. Bu derlemede menopozal dönemde görülen üriner inkontinansın yaşam kalitesine etkisi ele alınmıştır. Hasta ile en çok zaman geçiren meslek grubu olan hemşirelerin menopoz ve üriner inkontinans arasındaki ilişkiyi bilerek yaşam kalitesine etkilerini azaltmaya ve yaşam kalitesini artırmaya yönelik hemşirelik bakımı planlamaları büyük önem arz etmektedir.
Escape into Culturally Safe Patient Centered Care
Authors: Sooful Prasha , Hogan Alex , Williams Justine , Moore Renae
Published: April 2021

Collaboration and interprofessional practice between allied health professionals based in rural and remote regions of the Northern Territory are essential for Aboriginal patient health outcomes and reduced hospital admission rates. Training content that is relevant and promotes interprofessional practice allows for the cost effective and time efficient professional development of numerous employees in a single training course. An “escape room” format workshop was trialed for the Katherine region and the community allied health workforce. The escape room was a unique way to improve interprofessional collaboration for an isolated workforce and improve professionals‟ knowledge on the organisation‟s principles of patient centered care. There was an overwhelmingly positive response from participants who enjoyed the novelty of this professional development activity. Immediate post escape room activity evaluations indicated statistically significant improvement in participants‟ knowledge of principles of patient centered care. A three-month post evaluation indicated retention of the knowledge and reported increased considerations of the principles in daily.
Predicting Goal-directed Attention Control Using Inverse-Reinforcement Learning
Authors: Zelinsky Gregory J. , Chen Yupei , Ahn Seoyoung , Adeli Hossein , Yang Zhibo , Huang Lihan , Samaras Dimitrios , Hoai Minh
Published: April 2021

Understanding how goals control behavior is a question ripe for interrogation by new methods from machine learning. These methods require large and labeled datasets to train models. To annotate a large-scale image dataset with observed search fixations, we collected 16,184 fixations from people searching for either microwaves or clocks in a dataset of 4,366 images (MS-COCO). We then used this behaviorally-annotated dataset and the machine learning method of inverse-reinforcement learning (IRL) to learn target-specific reward functions and policies for these two target goals. Finally, we used these learned policies to predict the fixations of 60 new behavioral searchers (clock = 30, microwave = 30) in a disjoint test dataset of kitchen scenes depicting both a microwave and a clock (thus controlling for differences in low-level image contrast).  We found that the IRL model predicted behavioral search efficiency and fixation-density maps using multiple metrics. Moreover, reward maps from the IRL model revealed target-specific patterns that suggest, not just attention guidance by target features, but also guidance by scene context (e.g., fixations along walls in the search of clocks). Using machine learning and the psychologically-meaningful principle of reward, it is possible to learn the visual features used in goal-directed attention control.
Comment on “Identification of the IMF sector structure in near-real time by ground magnetic data” by Janzhura and Troshichev (2011)
Authors: Stauning Peter
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The only published description of the solar wind sector
(SS) term used for the reference level in the post-event and real-time
derivation of the Polar Cap (PC) indices, PCN (Polar Cap North) and PCS (Polar Cap South), in
the version endorsed by the International Association for Geomagnetism and
Aeronomy (IAGA) is found in the commented publication, Janzhura and
Troshichev: Identification of the IMF sector structure in near-real time by
ground magnetic data, Annales Geophysicae, 29, 1491–1500, 2011. Actually, the
publication has served as a basis for the index endorsement by IAGA in 2013.
However, neither the illustrations nor the results presented there have been
derived by the specified near real-time method. Figures 1, 6, 7, and 8 display
values derived by post-event calculations based on daily medians smoothed
over 7 d centred on the day of interest. Figures 2, 3, and 4 display
observed values smoothed over 7 d, while the remaining Fig. 5 displays
averages over 4 months. In summary, there are strong disagreements between
indications in the title, abstract, and statements in the text compared to
the actual results and their illustrations.
The triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths, a new proxy of atmospheric relative humidity: controls of soil water isotope composition, temperature, CO2 concentration and relative humidity
Authors: Outrequin Clément , Alexandre Anne , Vallet-Coulomb Christine , Piel Clément , Devidal Sébastien , Landais Amaelle , Couapel Martine , Mazur Jean-Charles , Peugeot Christophe , Pierre Monique , Prié Frédéric , Roy Jacques , Sonzogni Corinne , Voigt Claudia
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Continental atmospheric relative humidity is a major climate parameter whose variability is poorly understood by global climate models. Models’improvement relies on model-data comparisons for past periods. However, there are no truly quantitative indicators of relative humidity for the pre-instrumental period. Previous studies highlighted a quantitative relationship between the triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths, and particularly the 17O-excess of phytoliths, and atmospheric relative humidity. Here, as part of a series of calibrations, we examine the respective controls of soil water isotope composition, temperature, CO2 concentration and relative humidity on phytolith 17O-excess. For that purpose, the grass species Festuca arundinacea was grown in growth chambers where these parameters were varying. The setup was designed to control the evolution of the triple oxygen isotope composition of phytoliths and all the water compartments of the soil-plant-atmosphere continuum. Different analytical techniques (cavity ring-down spectroscopy and isotope ratio mass spectrometry) were used to analyse water and silica. An inter-laboratory comparison allowed to strengthen the isotope data matching. Water and phytolith isotope compositions were compared to previous datasets obtained from growth chamber and natural tropical sites. The results show that the δ'18O value of the source water governs the starting point from which the triple oxygen isotope composition of leaf water, phytolith-forming water and phytoliths evolve. However, since the 17O-excess varies little in the growth chamber and natural source waters, this has no impact on the strong relative humidity-dependency of the 17O-excess of phytoliths, demonstrated for the 40–80 % relative humidity range. This relative humidity-dependency is not impacted by changes in air temperature or CO2 concentration either. A relative humidity proxy equation is proposed. Each per meg of change in phytolith 17O-excess reflects a change in atmospheric relative humidity of ca. 0.2 %. The ±15 per meg reproducibility on the measurement of phytolith 17O-excess corresponds to a ± 3.6 % precision on the reconstructed relative humidity. The low sensitivity of phytolith 17O-excess to climate parameters other than relative humidity makes it particularly suitable for quantitative reconstructions of continental relative humidity changes in the past.
Simulation of the mid-Pliocene Warm Period using HadGEM3: Experimental design and results from model-model and model-data comparison
Authors: Williams Charles J. R. , Sellar Alistair A. , Ren Xin , Haywood Alan M. , Hopcroft Peter , Hunter Stephen J. , Roberts William H. G. , Smith Robin S. , Stone Emma J. , Tindall Julia C. , Lunt Daniel J.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Here we present the experimental design and results from a new mid-Pliocene simulation using the latest version of the UK’s physical climate model, HadGEM3-GC31-LL, conducted under the auspices of CMIP6/PMIP4/PlioMIP2. Although two other paleoclimate simulations have been recently run using this model, they both focused on more recent periods within the Quaternary and therefore this is the first time this version of the UK model has been run this far back in time. The mid-Pliocene Warm Period, ~3 Ma, is of particular interest because it represents a time period when the Earth was in equilibrium with CO2 concentrations roughly equivalent to those of today, providing a possible analogue for current and future climate change. The implementation of the Pliocene boundary conditions is firstly described in detail, based on the PRISM4 dataset, including CO2, ozone, orography, ice mask, lakes, vegetation fractions and vegetation functional types. These were incrementally added into the model, to change from a preindustrial setup to Pliocene conditions. The results of the simulation are then presented, which are firstly compared with the model’s pre-industrial simulation, secondly with previous versions of the same model and with available proxy data, and thirdly with all other models included in PlioMIP2. Firstly, the comparison with preindustrial suggests that the Pliocene simulation is consistent with current understanding and existing work, showing warmer and wetter conditions, and with the greatest warming occurring over high latitude and polar regions. The global mean surface air temperature anomaly at the end of the Pliocene simulation is 5.1 °C, which is the 2nd highest of all models included in PlioMIP2 and is consistent with the fact that HadGEM3-GC31-LL has one of the highest Effective Climate Sensitivities of all CMIP6 models. Secondly, the comparison with previous generation models and with proxy data suggests a clear increase in global sea surface temperatures as the model has undergone development. Up to a certain level of warming, this results in a better agreement with available proxy data, and the “sweet spot” appears to be the previous CMIP5 generation of the model, HadGEM2-AO. The most recent simulation presented here, however, appears to show poorer agreement with the proxy data compared with HadGEM2, and may be overly sensitive to the Pliocene boundary conditions resulting in a climate that is too warm. Thirdly, the comparison with other models from PlioMIP2 further supports this conclusion, with HadGEM3-GC31-LL being one of the warmest and wettest models in all of PlioMIP2 and, if all the models are ordered according to agreement with proxy data, HadGEM3-GC31-LL ranks approximately halfway among them.
Catchment attributes and meteorology for large sample study in contiguous China
Authors: Hao Zhen , Jin Jin , Xia Runliang , Tian Shimin , Yang Wushuang , Liu Qixing , Zhu Min , Ma Tao , Jing Chengran
Published: April 2021

Abstract. We introduce the first large-scale catchment attributes and meteorological time series dataset of contiguous China. To develop the dataset, we compiled diverse data sources to generate basin-oriented features describing the characteristics of the catchment related to hydrological processes. The proposed dataset consists of catchment characteristics including soil, land cover, climate, topography, geology, and 29-year meteorological time series (from 1990 to 2018). The meteorological variables include precipitation, temperature, evapotranspiration, wind speed, ground surface temperature, pressure, humidity and sunshine duration. We also derived a daily potential evapotranspiration time series based on a modified Penman’s equation. The studied catchments are 4875 catchments within contiguous China derived from digital elevation models. The spatial variations of catchment characteristics are analysed and organized into a series of maps; the correlation analysis between attributes was conducted. Compared to the previously proposed datasets, we derived more catchment characteristics resulting in a total of 127 attributes, providing a complete description of the catchments. Besides, we propose Normal-Camels-YR, a hydrological dataset covering 102 basins of the Yellow River basin with normalized streamflow observations. The proposed dataset provides numerous opportunities for comparative hydrological research, such as examining the difference in hydrological behaviours across different catchments and building general rainfall-runoff modelling frameworks for many catchments instead of limited to a few. The dataset is freely available via http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4704017 for community use. We will open-source the complement code for generating the dataset such that the user can generate meteorological series and catchment attributes for any watershedwithin contiguous China.
Short communication: Analytical models for 2D landscape evolution
Authors: Steer Philippe
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Numerical modelling offers a unique approach to understand how tectonics, climate and surface processes govern landscape dynamics. However, the efficiency and accuracy of current landscape evolution models remain a certain limitation. Here, I develop a new modelling strategy that relies on the use of 1D analytical solutions to the linear stream power equation to compute in 2D the dynamics of landscapes. This strategy uses the 1D ordering, by a directed acyclic graph, of model nodes based on their location along the water flow path to propagate topographic changes in 2D. I demonstrate that this analytical model can be used to compute in a single time step, with an iterative procedure, the steady-state topography of landscapes subjected to river, colluvial and hillslope erosion. This model can also be adapted to compute the dynamic evolution of landscapes under either heterogeneous or time-variable uplift rate. This new model leads to slope-area relationships exactly consistent with predictions and to the exact preservation of knickpoint shape throughout their migration. Moreover, the absence of numerical diffusion or of an upper bound for the time step offer significant advantages compared to numerical models. The main drawback of this novel approach is that it does not guarantee the time-continuity of the topography through successive time steps, despite practically having little impact on model behaviour.
A novel analytical approach for the simultaneous measurement of nitrate and dissolved organic carbon in soil water
Authors: Yeshno Elad , Dahan Ofer , Bernstain Shoshana , Arnon Shlomi
Published: April 2021

Abstract. In this paper, we present a novel approach, enabling the
measurement of nitrate concentrations in natural soil porewater containing
natural soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC). The method is based on UV
absorbance spectroscopy, combined with fluorescence spectroscopy, for
simultaneous analysis of DOC and nitrate concentrations. The analytical
procedure involves deduction of the absorption caused by the DOC from the
total absorbance in the UV range that is attributed to both DOC and nitrate
in the water solution. The analytical concept has been successfully tested
in soil water samples obtained from five agricultural sites, as well as in
water samples obtained from a commercial humus soil mixture. We believe that the new analytical concept can provide a scientific foundation for
developing a sensor for real-time nitrate concentration measurements in
agricultural soils. As such, it can play a significant role in reducing
nitrate pollution in water resources, optimizing input application in
agriculture, and decreasing food production costs.
Cascade effect of rock bridge failure in planar rock slides: numerical test with a distinct element code
Authors: Delonca Adeline , Gunzburger Yann , Verdel Thierry
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Plane failure along inclined joints is a classical
mechanism involved in rock slope movements. It is known that the number,
size and position of rock bridges along the potential failure plane are of
prime importance when assessing slope stability. However, the rock bridge failure phenomenology itself has not been comprehensively understood up to
now. In this study, the propagation cascade effect of rock bridge failure
leading to catastrophic block sliding is studied and the influence of rock
bridge position in regard to the rockfall failure mode (shear or tension)
is highlighted. Numerical modelling using the distinct element method
(UDEC, Itasca) is undertaken in order to assess the stability of a 10 m3
rock block lying on an inclined joint with a dip angle of 40 or
80∘. The progressive failure of rock bridges is simulated
assuming a Mohr–Coulomb failure criterion and considering stress transfers
from a failed bridge to the surrounding ones. Two phases of the failure
process are described: (1) a stable propagation of the rock bridge failures
along the joint and (2) an unstable propagation (cascade effect) of rock bridge failures until the block slides down. Additionally, the most
critical position of rock bridges has been identified. It corresponds to the
top of the rock block for a dip angle of 40∘ and to its bottom for
an angle of 80∘.
Spectral attenuation coefficients from measurements of light transmission in bare ice on the Greenland Ice Sheet
Authors: Cooper Matthew G. , Smith Laurence C. , Rennermalm Asa K. , Tedesco Marco , Muthyala Rohi , Leidman Sasha Z. , Moustafa Samiah E. , Fayne Jessica V.
Published: April 2021

Abstract. Light transmission into bare glacial ice affects surface
energy balance, biophotochemistry, and light detection and ranging (lidar)
laser elevation measurements but has not previously been reported for the
Greenland Ice Sheet. We present measurements of spectral transmittance at
350–900 nm in bare glacial ice collected at a field site in the western
Greenland ablation zone (67.15∘ N, 50.02∘ W). Empirical irradiance
attenuation coefficients at 350–750 nm are ∼ 0.9–8.0 m−1 for ice at 12–124 cm depth. The absorption minimum is at
∼ 390–397 nm, in agreement with snow transmission
measurements in Antarctica and optical mapping of deep ice at the South
Pole. From 350–530 nm, our empirical attenuation coefficients are nearly
1 order of magnitude larger than theoretical values for optically pure
ice. The estimated absorption coefficient at 400 nm suggests the ice volume
contained a light-absorbing particle concentration equivalent to
∼ 1–2 parts per billion (ppb) of black carbon, which is similar to
pre-industrial values found in remote polar snow. The equivalent mineral
dust concentration is ∼ 300–600 ppb, which is similar to values for
Northern Hemisphere warm periods with low aeolian activity inferred from ice
cores. For a layer of quasi-granular white ice (weathering crust)
extending from the surface to ∼ 10 cm depth, attenuation
coefficients are 1.5 to 4 times larger than for deeper bubbly ice. Owing to
higher attenuation in this layer of near-surface granular ice, optical
penetration depth at 532 nm is 14 cm (20 %) lower than asymptotic
attenuation lengths for optically pure bubbly ice. In addition to the
traditional concept of light scattering on air bubbles, our results imply
that the granular near-surface ice microstructure of weathering crust is
an important control on radiative transfer in bare ice on the Greenland Ice
Sheet ablation zone, and we provide new values of flux attenuation,
absorption, and scattering coefficients to support model development and
validation.
Feature selection techniques for modelling tower fatigue loads of a wind turbine with neural networks
Authors: Movsessian Artur , Schedat Marcel , Faber Torsten
Published: April 2021

Abstract. The rapid development of the wind industry in recent
decades and the establishment of this technology as a mature and
cost-competitive alternative have stressed the need for sophisticated
maintenance and monitoring methods. Structural health monitoring has risen
as a diagnosis strategy to detect damage or failures in wind turbine
structures with the help of measuring sensors. The amount of data recorded
by the structural health monitoring system can potentially be used to obtain knowledge about the condition and remaining lifetime of wind turbines. Machine learning techniques provide the opportunity to extract this information, thereby improving the reliability and cost-effectiveness of the wind industry as well. This paper demonstrates the modelling of damage-equivalent loads of the fore–aft bending moments of a wind turbine tower, highlighting the advantage of using the neighbourhood component analysis. This feature selection technique is compared to common dimension
reduction/feature selection techniques such as correlation analysis,
stepwise regression, or principal component analysis. For this study,
recordings of data were gathered during approximately 11 months,
preprocessed, and filtered by different operational modes, namely
standstill, partial load, and full load. The results indicate that all
feature selection techniques were able to maintain high accuracy when
trained with artificial neural networks. The neighbourhood component analysis yields the lowest number of features required while maintaining the interpretability with an absolute mean squared error of around 0.07 % for full load. Finally, the applicability of the resulting model for predicting loads in the wind turbine is tested by reducing the amount of data used for training by 50 %. This analysis shows that the predictive model can be used for continuous monitoring of loads in the tower of the wind turbine.
Owning It: Kuroi Senji's "Time" and the Struggle for Agency in Contemporary Japan
Authors: Tillack Peter
Published: April 2021

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Izumi Shikibu nikki in Manga: Recreating Classical Poetry, Letters, and Shared Sensibilities
Authors: Shiba Kayono
Published: April 2021

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Front matter and TOC
Authors: Nara Hiroshi
Published: April 2021

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The Story/History of Japan: Producing Knowledge by Integrating the Study of Japanese Literature and Japanese History
Authors: Kvidera Peter James
Published: April 2021

This essay discusses the benefits to student learning when we integrate the study of Japanese literature and Japanese history through the curricular model of "linked courses."  The essay begins by examining the process of linking an introductory Japanese literature course and introductory Japanese history course, and continues by explaining its pedagogical advantages.  Specifically, the collaboration of literary and historical study provides students greater access to the material and, subsequently, the opportunity for deeper analysis.  Students can better understand how historical context informs the literature and how literary representation enhances historical knowledge.  But in addition, this teaching model provokes broader questions about the production of knowledge itself: the disciplinary integration creates a learning environment in which we can ask how we know what we know, or in this case, how we come to understand both the "story" and the "history" of Japan.
Anotaciones sobre la religiosidad en la poesía de Amado Nervo
Authors: Gómez Sánchez Darío
Published: April 2021

En consonancia con las inquietudes artísticas y filosóficas heredadas del romanticismo y del simbolismo los escritores modernistas encuentran en la poesía un espacio para expresar la dimensión espiritual del hombre, en una fusión o mezcla de diversas doctrinas religiosas que ha sido analizada bajo la denominación de sincretismo y que se presenta como característica central en la obra de autores como Amado Nervo y Rubén Darío. En Nervo, la compleja visión espiritual resultado de la fusión de un cristianismo panteísta y un orientalismo hinduista, se materializa en la concepción de una religión personal que se hace más evidente en dos de sus últimos libros: Serenidad y Elevación, y se manifiesta en tres características recurrentes: la valoración de la intuición, el didactismo moral y el poema como una plegaria. Y mientras la depuración del ornamento modernista lleva a Darío a buscar una religión en el arte y la poesía, Nervo acaba haciendo de la poesía una profesión de su religión
El espacio en "Cien años de soledad": la interioridad como condición de la adivinanza del mundo
Authors: Cruz Petit Bruno
Published: April 2021

En este trabajo enfatizo el papel del espacio en la novela Cien años de soledad con la idea de que la dualidad espacio-tiempo está tan bien equilibrada como otras dicotomías que no solo articulan y realzan estéticamente el texto, sino que permiten desmenuzar el misterio de su significado. Me interesa señalar cómo, pese a que el libro tiene un carácter más narrativo que descriptivo, el espacio en general, y la casa de los Buendía en particular, son elementos que dan claves válidas para una interpretación de la que el propio escritor dio varios indicios. Indago por ello en las características del interior doméstico de la obra y las similitudes con la casa de los abuelos de Aracataca, de la que el autor esbozó un plano en 1978 que se reproduce en el artículo
¿El "Sueño" o "Primero Sueño"?
Authors: Ruiz Facundo
Published: April 2021

El que sor Juana Inés de la Cruz (México ¿1648/1651?-1695) consideró su mejor poema circulaba manuscrito cuando, en 1692, fue impreso en Sevilla en el Segundo volumen de su obra con un título que, desde entonces, organizaría su lectura muy elocuentemente: “Primero Sueño, que así intituló y compuso la madre Juana Inés de la Cruz, imitando a Góngora”. Ese vínculo, no sólo con Góngora sino con “la pluma de Europa”, vale decir, con esa tradición y ese continente, ha sido más de una vez discutido pero siempre confirmado por la crítica, incluso cuando se sabe que no fue sor Juana quien colocó los epígrafes que, impresas, llevan sus obras como títulos, incluyendo su magno poema. En este sentido, el siguiente estudio se propone indagar detenidamente no sólo en la nominación del poema sino, fundamentalmente, sopesar su efecto crítico en la lectura del mismo, desde su publicación impresa hasta hoy
Alfabetização de jovens e adultos: do discurso de combate à pobreza socioeconômica a políticas curriculares
Authors: Juliasse Arlindo Cornélio N.
Published: April 2021

Este texto é decorrente do aprendizado proveniente de escuta de alteridade que ressignifica pensamentos sobre alfabetização no contexto histórico-social de alfabetização de jovens e adultos em Moçambique. Discussões em torno dos estudos de Foucault e da Legislação moçambicana potencializaram a construção do texto, cujo objetivo foi compreender e questionar o lugar da alfabetização como direito nos discursos políticos de combate à pobreza, relacionando-os às práticas curriculares no contexto moçambicano. Destaca-se a ideia de pensar-se em uma perspetiva curricular que favoreça todos os sujeitos do espaço e do tempo escolar. Esse olhar de alfabetização é tecido como um direito à educação com referência especial à Educação de Jovens e Adultos. Por isso, é necessário promover a valorização das experiências locais e dos diferentes sujeitos dos processos pedagógicos como um dos possíveis caminhos de elaboração de políticas e práticas curriculares na alfabetização de jovens e adultos.
The House of Augusto H. Álvarez in Mexico City: an Integral Architectural and Personal Project
Authors: Cruz Lourdes
Published: April 2021

In his 56 year professional career, Augusto H. Álvarez (1914-1995) built around thirty apartment buildings and over fifty houses. This article analyzes the emblematic house he built for his family between 1959 and 1961, which has been reinvented over time. It’s a work that faithfully reflects Álvarez’s appropriation and interpretation of the ideas of the Modern Movement, revealing a modulated, diaphanous, ordered and flexible space enclosed by a simple volume. It was an integral project because, aside from the structure, the architect also designed its furnishings and system of natural lighting, implementing materials that were hitherto-unused in a private residence