bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
La tierra y el hombre en la Tierra de Campos vallisoletana a mediados del siglo XVIII
Authors: Cubero Garrote José , Hernández García Ricardo
Published: December 2017

A pesar de la importancia que a lo largo de la historia ha tenido la comarca de la Tierra de Campos, los estudios centrados en este ámbito para el siglo XVIII son muy escasos. Por ello en este trabajo, y gracias a las Respuestas Generales del Catastro de Ensenada, se ha analizado cuál era la situación del poblamiento y de la población de la comarca, así como  la situación de su principal actividad económica, la agricultura. El trabajo se ha centrado en la comarca de la Tierra de Campos en la actual provincia de Valladolid, territorio que engloba a 82 localidades. Gracias al análisis conjunto de las 40 preguntas del Interrogatorio del Catastro para todos estos pueblos se ha conseguido determinar aquellos componentes que eran comunes a la comarca y que en buena medida la moldeaban en este periodo, así por ejemplo, el tipo y volumen de poblamiento, las medidas de tierra, la distribución de cultivos o la productividad de la tierra. Gracias a todo ello, se ha podido caracterizar de una manera mucho más homogénea a la comarca de lo que se había hecho hasta ahora.
Description of dental caries on mixed dentition stage of elementary school students in Cibeber Community Health Center
Authors: Supriatna Andi , Fadillah Rina Putri Noer , Nawawi Azkya Patria
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Dental and oral health can affect the quality of life as it relates to the general health condition. Dental and oral health problem that mostly found is dental caries. Dental caries mostly occurs in children in the mixed dentition stage. The mixed dentition stage occurs in elementary school-aged children, mark with malocclusions and tooth decays, that allows food retention as main cause of dental caries. The purpose of this study was to see the description of dental caries on mixed dentition stage of elementary school students in Cibeber Community Health Center. Methods: This research was a descriptive research with cross-sectional approach. The population in this study was elementary school students in Cibeber Community Health Center. The sampling method used was purposive sampling method. The caries profile was measured by deft index for deciduous teeth and DMFT index for permanent teeth were presented in tabular and diagrams. Results: The results of the study towards 272 elementary school students showed that the average value of deft index was 3.99 and DMFT index value was 1.26. This result can be caused since the location of the population was located in urban areas, with easy access to dental and oral health services and good tendencies towards the awareness of dental and oral health care. Conclusion: Dental caries of elementary school students in Cibeber Community Health Center based on (World Health Organization) guidelines by deft index was category as moderate and by DMFT index was classified low category.
Accuracy of CBCT as modality to identify the presence of secondary mesiobuccal root canal in the maxillary first molar
Authors: Halil Haikal , Mahidin Mazlifa , Farahiyah Nik Nur , Adam Khairul Bariah Chi
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Successful endodontic treatment requires the clinician to be able to locate, disinfect, and obturate all canals presence in the root canal system to remove the infection and prevent re-infection. However, some canals, such as secondary mesiobuccal (MB) root canal often missed upon examination and the treatment. The success of locating these canals is determined by the methods used, a periapical radiograph and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT). The purpose of this study was to examine the sensitivity and accuracy of the periapical radiograph (PA) and CBCT on determining the presence of the secondary MB root canal. Methods: As much as 40 intact crown and intact radicular of the maxillary first molars, without root caries, root restoration, and endodontic treated, were taken as the samples. The presence of a secondary MB root canal was evaluated by a PA radiograph, CBCT, and clinical sectioning. Samples were undergone each test and sectioned after being completed the radiographic evaluation steps. Results: CBCT radiograph was successfully identifying 62.5% secondary MB root canal presence, whilst the PA radiograph has detected only 20% of the samples. The sensitivity of CBCT and PA radiograph was compared with the gold standard method, resulting 86.2 and 27.6% respectively. The statistical analysis showed that there was no significant difference between CBCT test and the gold standard (p=0.00). Conclusion: CBCT was proven to be a reliable method to detect the presence of secondary MB root canals due to its accuracy as high as the clinical sectioning compared to the PA radiograph.
Reflexiones teóricas sobre la estructura de capital de las pymes
Authors: Manrique Joya Gloria Mercedes , Otálora Gustavo Enrique Salazar
Published: December 2017

En el presente artículo se abordan referentes teóricos sobre la estructura del costo de capital de las pymes, con énfasis en una reflexión sobre las teorías desarrolladas por Modigliani y Miller (1958; citados por Miller & Modigliani, 1963): la teoría MM (la teoría trade-off) y la teoría de la jerarquía financiera (pecking order theory) de Myers y Majluf (1984). También se presentan referentes empíricos para explicar la estructura financiera y su consecuente costo de capital, y finalmente se realiza un acercamiento a la estructura de capital de las pymes en Colombia y la región, bajo el modelo propuesto por Berger y Udell (1998).
Magnetic resonance imaging measurements of organs within the coelomic cavity of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans), yellow-bellied sliders (Trachemys scripta scripta), Coastal plain cooters (Pseudemys concinna floridana), and hieroglyphic river cooters (Pseudemys concinna hieroglyphica)
Authors: Mathes Karina A. , Schnack Marcus , Rohn Karl , Fehr Michael
Published: November 2017

OBJECTIVE To determine anatomic reference points for 4 turtle species and to evaluate data on relative anatomic dimensions, signal intensities (SIs), and position of selected organs within the coelomic cavity by use of MRI.

ANIMALS 3 turtle cadavers (1 red-eared slider [Trachemys scripta elegans], 1 yellow-bellied slider [Trachemys scripta scripta], and 1 Coastal plain cooter [Pseudemys concinna floridana]) and 63 live adult turtles (30 red-eared sliders, 20 yellow-bellied sliders, 5 Coastal plain cooters, and 8 hieroglyphic river cooters [Pseudemys concinna hieroglyphica]).

PROCEDURES MRI and necropsy were performed on the 3 turtle cadavers. Physical examination, hematologic evaluation, and whole-body radiography were performed on the 63 live turtles. Turtles were sedated, and MRI in transverse, sagittal, and dorsal planes was used to measure organ dimensions, position within the coelomic cavity, and SIs. Body positioning after sedation was standardized with the head, neck, limbs, and tail positioned in maximum extension.

RESULTS Measurements of the heart, liver, gallbladder, and kidneys in sagittal, transverse, and dorsal planes; relative position of those organs within the coelom; and SIs of the kidneys and liver were obtained with MRI and provided anatomic data for these 4 turtle species.

CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE MRI was a valuable tool for determining the position, dimensions, and SIs of selected organs. Measurement of organs in freshwater chelonians was achievable with MRI. Further studies are needed to establish reference values for anatomic structures in turtles. Results reported here may serve as guidelines and aid in clinical interpretation of MRI images for these 4 species.
Effect Modification of Modifiable Cardiovascular Risk Factors : A Hospital-Based Matched Case Control Study
Authors: Djafri Defriman , Monalisa Monalisa , Elytha Fauziah , Machmud Rizanda
Published: December 2017

This study aims to find the role of modifiable risk faktors toward the association between hypertension and coronary heart disease in RSUP DR. M. Djamil Padang, in 2016This match case control study was conducted from Desember 2014 to April 2015. We studied 171 samples with 1:2 ratio between the case and the control. Samples are collection using simple random sampling by matching the age and sex. Data through the medical record (secondary data) in RSUP DR. M. Djamil. Bivariate analysis showed that hypertension had OR=16,04 (95%CI 5.705-45.12), obesitas had OR=2.53 (95%CI 1.321-4.844), and hyperusrisemia had OR 2.41 (95%CI 1.292-4.516. Multivariate modeling showed that hyperurisemia had a confounder between assosiated hypertension and Coronary heart disease. Multivariate modeling showed hypertension had the highest risk to coronary heart disease. Obesity and hyperurisemia were associated between hypertension and coronary heart disease. Hypertension were considered as determinant of coronary heart disease. People are expected to manage their blood pressure to decrease the risk of coronary heart disease.
Investigation of the Effect of Grain Size, Flow Rate and Diffuser Design on the CAWST Biosand Filter Performance
Authors: Chan Colleen C.V. , Neufeld Kyle , Cusworth Darien , Gavrilovic Stevan , Ngai Tommy
Published: December 2017

The effects of grain size, hydraulic loading rate, batch residence time and diffuser design on the performance of the CAWST version 10 biosand filter was investigated.  Two types of sand gradations were prepared – fine sand (ES = 0.20, UC = 2.3) and a coarse sand (ES = 0.25, UC = 2.9).  The fine sand and coarse grains resulted in initial hydraulic loading rates of 0.3 m3/m2 min and 0.75 m3/m2 min, respectively.  Flow restrictions were installed on 2 coarse grain filters such that their initial hydraulic loading rates were 0.3 m3/m2 min.  For the range of grain size and flow rates investigated in this paper, coarse grain size leads to lower bacterial removal efficiencies compared to the fine grain size.  The addition of flow restrictions on filters with coarse grain size did not result in improvement in bacterial removal efficiencies. Two different diffuser designs were also investigated (hole size of 1/8 inch or 3.2 mm and 0.5 inch or 12.7 mm spacing, hole size of 3/16 inch or 9.5 mm and 0.5 inch or 12.7 mm spacing).  These filters were compared to the standard design of CAWST version 10 filter, i.e. control filter, which has a hole size of 1/8 inch (3.2 mm) and 1 inch (25.4 mm) spacing.  Diffuser design was found to have an effect on the bacterial removal efficiency. The two diffuser investigated (smaller hole size, tighter spacing) resulted in lower bacterial removal efficiencies, compared to the CAWST specified diffuser design.   Batch residence time was found to have a significant effect on bacterial removal.  The deficiencies caused by diffuser design, coarse grain size were compensated by a higher batch residence time.
Applying Evaluative Thinking to a Community-Engaged Safe Drinking Water Project in Peri-Urban Guatemala
Authors: Tendick-Matesanz Felipe , Ahonen Emily Q. , Zellner Moira L. , Lacey Steven E.
Published: December 2017

A large number of safe drinking water programs fail to create long-lasting solutions because safe drinking water problems are complex and necessitate multiple kinds of expertise at several levels of influence over often long periods of time to succeed.  Such work is especially challenging in a service-learning context.  Process-oriented ways of working such as evaluative thinking and community engagement may be useful ways to frame iterative phases of work on drinking water projects.  Here we describe our use of both in an interdisciplinary university student project to develop and implement collaborative plans for a safe drinking water intervention in peri-urban Guatemala, complications related to its implementation, and measures and sources of data for evaluating health, energy, and cost outcomes over time. We also assess our successes and failures to date. Though full implementation of the intervention has not been achieved and work is ongoing, we provide this report as an outline which other groups pursuing public health engineering projects may find useful.
Simulation of Performance of Thermal Energy Storage in a Solar Cooker
Authors: Chourasia Vikas
Published: December 2017

Finite element analysis was used to simulate the performance of thermal energy storage in a solar cooker which was fabricated by our team. This cooker stores solar energy in materials like sand for future use. It is inexpensive to construct and can be widely used in villages and urban areas. The cooker energy storage unit consists of a cubical solid block which contains sand as a solar-energy storage unit, along with conducting aluminum sheets for uniform heat distribution throughout the block. The block is enclosed in a uniform layer of insulation, except the cavities on the top surface to allow heating of the sand and as well as near the cooking pot. This heated sand can be used at night to heat a cooking pot which is centrally located in the storage box. A paraboloidal concentrator focuses solar radiation through a secondary reflector onto the central zone of the storage block through the cavity in the insulation. The storage is charged for a set period of time and heat is subsequently discharged to a pot during the night time. The effects on cooker performance are compared for various numbers of plates in the storage block. The temperature attained at various stages is studied for various models. This can be used to cook food in a slow manner and can be kept heated until night.
Street Foods in Central Kenya: Actors, Trends, and Opportunities
Authors: Moussavi Paulina , Liguori Krista , Mehta Khanjan
Published: December 2017

Street foods served by vendors and hawkers are a popular snack or meal in most developing countries due to the industry’s widespread benefits. Benefits for vendors include low start-up costs, flexible schedules, and a fast return on investment, while benefits for consumers include affordability, fast service, and ease of accessibility, illustrating their symbiotic relationship. In many regions however, street foods lack adequate nutrition due to price and infrastructural constraints. Where street foods make up a significant portion of peoples’ diets, factors such as price, availability, and preparation method have direct implications on the economic status, food security, and health of a community. Research conducted in Nyeri, Kenya demonstrates the motivations behind buying and selling street foods, social and economic factors that influence these patterns, and their impact on vendors’ livelihoods, women’s empowerment, and consumer food options. This study, based on interviews with 50 street food vendors and 50 street food consumers who, moderately to regularly, buy and sell street foods, outlines the local street food market, obstacles faced by vendors, and recommendations for increasing the industries healthiness and social acceptance. General recommendations include social and political advancements, legal protections, education programs, and opportunities related to health innovation.
Student Perceived Value of Intensive Experiential Learning
Authors: May Don R
Published: December 2017

Experiential learning has become a common part of many engineering students undergraduate experience and is frequently accomplished using the service learning model. Intensive service learning for engineers is typically characterized by the type of “high risk” projects associated with developing world, humanitarian based service programs. In this research an expectancy-value theory model is used to evaluate student perceived value of service learning experiences. The model is applied to a case study where both engineering and non-engineering student participated in more than 25 projects over a 12 year period. Seventy-six percent of the respondents indicated that they most highly valued either the importance of the humanitarian mission or the impact of the experience on their perspective on life. Cost (monetary, time and effort) was ranked the least important factor. In all eight categories students rated the value (quality) of the experience higher than their expectation. Evidence suggests that, for engineering students, the value of the experience relative to their career should receive more emphasis and that professional role confidence may be an issue for female students. The results aid in assessing program efficacy and identifying areas where improvements can be achieved.
Helping the Next 4 Billion Go Online Part II: Prototyping Solutions for Digital Literacy Education
Authors: Udoewa Victor , Mathew Neil , Gupta Anuranjan , Bauer Lea , Bhog Lokesh , Prabhakar Bhawana , Patel Parivartika , Al-Hafidh Louie
Published: December 2017

In 2015, over two hundred million people, around the world, went online for the first time bringing the number of people worldwide using the Internet to 3.2 billion. Still, a majority of the world, about 4.2 billion, is offline. The barriers to going online and becoming digitally literate can be greater than just infrastructural obstacles, including psychosocial barriers related to incentives, affordability, and user capability. Our goal is to help the next 4 billion go online by designing an educational solution to equip people with digital literacy skills to improve their lives. We have employed a human-centered design methodology through community research, synthesis, ideation, prototyping, and piloting to build solutions first for northern and central India. The design may be re-contextualized in order to scale to new locations. This paper focuses on the ideation and prototyping parts of the design phase and the initial pilots of the delivery phase, which are still in progress.
Novel Design for a Simple and Affordable End-Effector for an Upper-Limb Prosthesis
Authors: Jackson Shawn , Volk Victoria , Prosise Jodi
Published: December 2017

An affordable prosthetic arm was designed to be used in underprivileged areas to allow more upper-limb amputees to have access to prosthetics that can help them regain their independence. The primary user of the prosthesis will be the amputee(s) who receive the device; beneficiaries include the amputee’s family and the community involved in the manufacturing of future prostheses. The customer requirements include cost-effectiveness, the ability to withstand humidity, cleanability, low maintenance, long life, lightweight, and the ability to perform simple tasks independently. A new end-effector was created that meets the range-of-motion required for the user to perform his/her required tasks. The end-effector is comprised of a PVC cap, PVC coupling, wooden ball holding the tool, and two wooden stop rings. The device screws onto the forearm PVC pipe and locks into place. Four end-effectors were created: toothbrush, fork, spoon, and pen. A change-out station was created to allow the user to independently attach and detach the different end-effectors. The total cost of the device was $20.66.
Evaluation of the artherogenic potential of homocysteine and its cytotoxic effect on HUVECs
Authors: AGGOUN ChÃ©rifa , ELOUAR Ibtissem , LAMDA Souad , NAIMI Dalila
Published: December 2017

Background: In recent decades, several studies have shown that hyperhomocysteinemia is an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis. The objective of this work is, first, to assess the atherogenic potential of homocysteine in rats and and appraise its effect on endothelial cells: the main components of the blood vessel.

Methods: In the in vivo study, hyperhomocysteinemia is induced in rats by a diet supplemented with L-methionine (1 g/kg/day). After 21 days of treatment, a blood sample is performed for biochemical study (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL cholesterol, ALT, AST, CRP, and total protein) and a removal of organs (aorta, liver, and heart) for the assay MDA and histological study. For the in vitro study, HUVECs were cultured for 24 h then exposed to various concentrations of homocysteine (2 mM, 4 mM, 8 mM). After 24 hours, we confirm the cellular phenotype and its number.

Results: The angiotoxic dose of methionine induces a significant increase for all biochemical parameters (except HDL-C, which is diminished). In addition, an alteration of the histological structure of the aorta (appearance of foam cells) of the liver (steatosis) and of the heart. The in vitro study revealed a senescent phenotype of HUVECs and an inhibition of cell proliferation.

Conclusion: Our results suggest that homocysteine is involved in the genesis of atherosclerosis by affecting directly the endothelial cells.
Toxicological risks of water and human health, contribution to the biological treatments in the dam of Ain Zada
Authors: Gourari Bariza , Anteur Djamel
Published: December 2017

Background: Freshwater fish play a role in detoxification of certain germs and pathogens of bacteria. Variation of the content of pathogenic bacteria are, mainly, total coliform, fecal coliform, and fecal streptococci in the study sites of the sampling period. The objective of this study is inventoried purifying species of dam of Ain Zada.

Methods: The isolation of fecal coliform (CF) and total coliform (CT) was conducted by incorporation in agar of the five shot test (0,4 mL; 1 mL et 3 x 2 mL). The culture medium is the selective agar Mac Conkey (HIMEDIA, M083) coliforms. The enumeration of the colonies is done after 24 of incubation at 37Â°C for total coliforms and 44Â°C for fecal coliforms. The isolation of fecal streptococci (SF) is made by the same method but on the culture medium incubated at 37Â°C for 48 hours. Counting of colonies is done on mailboxes where 100 to 300 colonies are developed. The average of colonies counted is then determined. The boxes do not contain at least 100 colonies, all of the colonies on all boxes are counted, taking into account the total volume inoculated in water. In the second part, there is an inventory of purifying fish at the Ain Zada dam level.

Results: The result indicate that all the fish that play a role in the treatment of dam of Ain Zada (Bordj Bou Arreridj) who use these germs and bacteria as a food source. We registered the presence of a single family, with five (05) genera divided into seven (07) species, including the majority of alien species are Cyprinid fish: Sander lucioperca L., Ctenopharyngodon idella, Clarias gariepinus, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Hypophtalmichthys nobilis.

Conclusion: The Bousselam and Ouricia valleys feature heavily poor microbiological quality; exploitation of these waters could constitute a health hazard on dam Ain Zada. According to this study, the fish play a role of biological control.
Prospective observational study in early breast cancer at University Hospital of Tlemcen
Authors: Lahfa- Merad I , Aris H , Chaibdraa Tani S , Hammou-Tani N , Saidi S , Ghomari S
Published: December 2017

Background: Breast cancer is the first cancer in women in Algeria. It affects a significant proportion of young women. Stage at diagnosis is made with a positive, massive, and often lymph node involvement. The objective of this study is to determine the clinicopathological and histological features of patients treated for invasive breast carcinoma.

Methods: This is an observational prospective study from January 2006 to December 2011 done at the medical oncology department at the University Hospital Center of Tlemcen: 103 patients with early breast cancer were included.

Results: Extreme age is between 29 and 70 years; 50% of patients are under 47 years. The average age at diagnosis of 46.45 Â± 0.90 years; 54% are stage T2; 17% are stage T3 and 4% stage T4; stage III is the most frequent with 50.4%. Half of patients have four to nine nodes with relatively wide tumor size, and only one patient was stage I; 10% had more than 10 positive nodes. The infiltrating ductal carcinoma is the most common histological types (83.5%), followed by atypical carcinoma (5.82%). Note the predominance of grade II of Scarf Bloom and Richardson (58.25%), followed by grade III (36.89%) and grade I (1.91%). Over 50% of patients had a tumor size of 35.41 Â± 1.82 mm. Hormone receptors were positive in 65% of patients (ER + PR +) and negative in 35%. HER2 status was determined in 82 patients, 12% expressed a positive score, and 67% of were negative. The luminal profile is the most common in our study population with 57.3%, followed by triple negative tumors or basal-like with 26.8%. Conservative surgical treatment was realized in 2.9% and an astectomy in most patients at 97%. Radiotherapy was performed in 83.5% of patients, and 65% of patients received hormone therapy according to hormone positivity.

Conclusion: The clinical and histological profiles of the patients in our study population are different from Western populations by the average age of diagnosis of 46 years, 10 years higher for Western women, and the stage is more advanced for our population. The majority are at stage III, while Western women are diagnosed at stage I or II through screening. Given the Algerian profile, women should be offered screening at aged 40 years for earlier diagnosis and improved survival rate.
HEALTH INFORMATION SEARCH ENGINE THE NEW TOOLS OF HEALTH LITERACY
Authors: Ebnehoseini Zahra
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Access to Health Information is very essential for promoting health literacy, self-care, shared decision making, medication adherence. The Internet is one of the main resources of health information. Many studies showed the main gateway for seeking health information was search engines. But finding qualified health information is a challenge. Therefore, this study aimed to introduce top health Searches engines and review their features.

Methods:

According to the literature review, 10 health Searches engines were selected. Common features of each search engine, such as the ability to create profiles, the type of health information provided, target users, health information sources contained in the search engine, and the unique feature and other features, were reviewed and the comparison table was provided. A common search scenario was also tested on all search engines and the result of the data retrieval was reported by the search engine.

Results:

health Searches engine like that PubMed، Med scape، McGraw-Hill Medical، iMediSearch، medicin.net, Hardin.Md، Health line ، EMedicine، Merck and Ovid were chosen and reported.

Conclusion:

The results of this study can help users such as patient to choose a valid health searches engine and also help them to find health searches engine appropriate for their health problem and know what features in health website is important.
Improvement of patient safety through implementation of electronic medical records
Authors: Gozali Elahe , Ghazisaiedi Marjan , Sadeghi Malihe , Safdari Reza
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Today, with the complexity of the process of conducting activities, the increase in diversity and the number of hospital services, and the increase in the expectations of clients - consistent with the fast technological advances - most of the hospitals in Iran have turned to mechanized systems to organize their daily activities and to register the patients' information and the care provided. One of these technologies is electronic medical records, which is known as a valuable system to evaluate patients' information in hospitals. The purpose of this paper was to examine the advantages of running electronic medical records in patient safety.

Methods: This study is a review paper based on a structured review of papers published in the Google Scholar, SID, Magiran, Pubmed, and Science Direct databases (from 2007 to 2015) and the books on the benefits of implementing electronic medical records in patient safety and the related keywords.

Results: Clinical information systems can have a significant effect on the quality of the outputs and patient safety. Various studies have indicated that the physicians with access to clinical guidelines and features such as computer reminders, doctors who did not have these features, presented more appropriate preventive care. Studies show that electronic medical records play a crucial role in improving the quality of patient health and safety services. Moreover, electronic medical record system is usually in connection with other technological tools: electronic drug management records, 

electronic record of time and date of drug management are usually associated with bar code technology. Among the benefits of this system is the possibility to record clinical care by the treatment team, which would be especially beneficial for patient's bedside record. If the treatment personnel forgets to ask the patient a particular question, system reminds him/her. Furthermore, electronic medical record is able to remind the nurses of the patient's allergic reactions and medical history without the need for the patient to remind, which improves patient safety.

Conclusion: Implementation of electronic medical records boosts up the quality of health services, patient safety, people's access to health care services, and the speed of patients treatment, leading to lower healthcare costs. Thus, considering the benefits mentioned and some other benefits of this kind, one can use this technology in clinical care provided to patients to come up with a safe and effective clinical care.
DETERMINING THE MINIMUM DATA SET FOR DIABETES REGISTRY
Authors: Sotoudehfar Masoud , Mazloum Khorasani Zahra , Ebnehoseini Zahra , Etminani Kobra , Tara Mahmoud , Aboutorabi Robab bigom
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

The number of people with diabetes's increasing. More than 220 million people have diabetes, more than 70% of whom live in middle and lower-income countries. already exist many innovations around the world on improving the managed care of diabetes  .diabetes registries are one of them. in Iran, development and evaluation of diabetes information systems is one of the most research priorities. since defining health regulations and evaluation of diabetes prevention programs depend on the powerful information system, but in Iran don't exist complete information about incidence and prevalence of diabetes. determine standard data elements (Des) and design diabetes registry is one the most important country requirements. the main purpose of this study is investigating to this subject.

 

Methods:

This is a descriptive- analytic study. Resource related to diabetes DEs collected from selective minimum data sets. Then diabetes DEs set derived from selective minimum data sets were investigated in focus group sessions with endocrine specialists, health informatics, and health information management. Duplicate DEs were removed and similar DEs were combined. Then seven endocrine specialists evaluated diabetes DEs set. They determine the value of each DEs using the Delphi technique (scores range from 0 to 5). The DEs that received more than 75% of grade 4 and 5 remained in the study. Following the expert opinion, the final version of the diabetes DEs set was designed.

 

Results:

According to literature review 455 DEs included studying, after Delphi sessions, 293 data element remained to study. Main categories of DEs are:1-patient demographic characterizes (12 DEs), 2-patient referral (5 DEs), 3-diabetes care follow up (15 DEs), 4-physical exam, chief complaint and assessment (40 DEs), 5-history (such as: individual, grow up, family, drug abuse) (10 DEs), 6-pregnancy management (13 DEs), 7-screening (10 DEs), 8-specialty evolutions ( such as: cardiovascular (18 DEs), neuropathy (16 DEs), nephropathy (7 DEs), teeth and mouse (3 DEs), eyes (14 DEs), psychology situation (2 DEs),  sexual ability (1 DEs)), 9-laboratory exams (33 DEs), 10-drugs (oral antidiabetics drugs (14 DEs), injectable antidiabetics (7 DEs), lipid (11 DEs), hypertension (20 DEs), anti placates (2 DEs)), cardiac (3 DEs), preparing insulin method (5 DEs)), 11-physical activity (4 DEs),12- diet (12 DEs), 13-education and self care (13 DEs).

Conclusion:

In the study diabetes, DEs set were determined that provide appropriate yield for data gathering and record all required information for diabetes care. Hence diabetes is a chronic disease and Patients suffer from it for years, implementation diabetes DEs can improve documentation and improve diabetes care.
DESIGNING THE MINIMUM DATA SET OF PSYCHIATRIC EMERGENCY RECORD
Authors: Ebnehoseini Zahra , Meraji Marziyhe , Akbarzadeh Farzad , Irajzade Malihe
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Psychiatric emergencies are acute mental health disturbances, behavior and social relationship that require immediate intervention. The major role of psychiatric emergency services is to provide mental health care services for patients with acute mental health problems. Design emergency psychiatry core dataset has improved the coordination and integration of services and improved the outcomes for the patient with severe and persistent mental illness with complex needs. So the aim of this study was to design data elements (DEs) in emergency psychiatry for Iran.

 

Methods:

This is an applied study. Emergency psychiatry (DEs) collected via literature review and then psychologist and psychiatrist (16 experts) assign the score from 0 to 5 to them according to the value of each data element. (DEs)  selected as core Emergency psychiatry (DEs) that were achieved 4 or 5 scores from 75% specialist.

 

Results:

According to the literature review, 110 (DEs) included studying. 13 experts (8 psychologists, 8 Clinical Psychologist) evaluated psychiatric emergency (DEs) set. The average work experience of psychiatrists and psychologists was 16 years and their work experience ranged from 2 to 25 years (table 1). according to the experts opinion, 54 (DEs) with at least 75% of the agreement were identified as the psychiatric emergency (DEs). Emergency psychiatric (DEs) and average agreement of each of them were: demographic characteristics (6 DEs with an agreement average of 82.5%), history of mental illness (9 DEs with an agreement average of 79%), family history of psychology (3 DEs with an average agreement of 77.08%), medical history (1 DEs with an average agreement of 81.25 %) Assessment of mental status ( 20 DEs with an average agreement of 82%), assessment of the self harm risk or harm risk for others ( 13 DEs with an average agreement of 93.6%) and diagnosis and treatment (3 DEs with an average agreement of 81.25%).

Conclusion:

Given the importance of psychiatric disorder and lack of the national system for gathering psychiatric information, perform the same study abut psychiatric data element is very important. The results of this study can be used for design psychiatric emergency forms and gather accurate and complete patient information.
CREATING A SEMI-SUPERVISED DATA MINING MODEL FOR PREDICTING BREAST CANCER RELAPSE
Authors: Zaremoayedi Mahboobeh , Mohammadi Zahra , Nasiri Mahdi , Atashi Alireza
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Breast cancer is one of the most common types of cancer and malignancy in Iranian women,that recently has been a growing increase. there is always a possibility of recurrence In persons afflicted by thisdisease.In regarding to the complexity of analysis, data mining is among the best solutions that is used to detect or predict cancers.

Methods: In this retrospective study, data of 809 patients with breast cancer from center of breast cancer research of Tehran’s Academic Center for Education, Culture and Research (ACECR) and 26 features from each patients were used. In regarding to high number of missing data in this collection, only information of 655 patients and 14 features of each patient were usable. Many features in records have null values, thus as one of data pre-processing and preparing phases, via Auto-Clustering algorithm, the data was divided into 10 clusters and according to dominant values in each cluster for each feature, these null features has been valuing. Data was divided to recurrence and non- recurrence classes. Semi-supervised method has been used in this study. the modeling was performed using labeled data and then a hybrid model for giving label to nonlabled data has been created. For this, data with recurrence lable divided proportional 30 percent for testing and 70 percent for training,and got to decision tree algorithms C5.0, Chaid, Quest, CRT, Autoclassifier as inputs. Then, the model was formed by mixing classifier algorithms with Confidence-Weighting-Voting method for predicting cancer recurrence, and used K-Fold (K=10) method for evaluating created model.

Results: The sensitivity of developed hybrid model was 82.93% and its specificity was 93.93%. The precision value of the model is 89.47% and its accuracy is 89.72%. this model mistakenly labelled only 10% of recurrence in patients of breast cancer as non-recurrence.

Conclusion: Creating predictive models with an appropriate sensitivity and specificity isimportant since, if the possibility of recurrence is high, could perform special preventive proceedings before its spreading. The false negative percentage is also important in medical prediction models, as it can have very dangerous consequences. In the prediction model presented in this study, the value of this parameter was 10%, and in this regard, this model can be considered acceptable
ASSESS THE READINESS OF THE OUTPATIENT TREATMENT CENTERS OF SOCIAL SECURITY TO RUN SMART HEALTH CARD
Authors: Meraji Marziyhe , Esmaeilzadeh Mehdi , Motiee Mohammadreza , Mahmoodian Sanaz sadat
Published: December 2017

Introduction: Smart card, microprocessor chip, facilitate providing e-health services in health center. Design and implementation of smart cards in the Social Security Organization as one of the health centers reduce costs, prevent abuses of medical insurance, increase productivity and accelerate response time. In this study, readiness of the outpatient treatment centers of social security to implement health smart card assessed.

Methods: this practical and descriptive study was conducted in nine outpatient treatment center of Khorasan Razavi Social Security center in 2016-2017.  Total proposed number of outpatient treatment center was reduced to 9 center because other centers did not take part in this review .A questionnaire with three areas of technical readiness, organizational culture and leadership and management was used. The data were analyzed using spss 19 software

Results: Finding showed Average scores of technical and leadership and cultural organization readiness were ordinary in all centers. Leadership and cultural organization readiness in 4 center were more than others. Average scores of technical were more than of leadership and cultural organization readiness .Technical readiness had significant difference between the studied centers.

Conclusion: Finding showed appropriate technical readiness in Social Security, therefore we suggest to implement smart cards, educating staff to enhance technology skills and to promote its use culture. Readiness of management and leadership scope is impressive in designing and implementing smart cards; So implementing smart cards should be organization`s strategy and the road map should be determined, and its benefits should be clearly explain for social security center managers.
DETERMINE THE IMPORTANT OF KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION ITEMS IN SELECTED COUNTRIES AND IRAN (APPLICATION REGISTRY)
Authors: Jangi Majid , Tara Mahmoud , Deldar Kolsoum
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

In many cases a kidney transplant is effective treatment for advanced chronic kidney disease and ESRD patients.  There are multiple items to identify candidates for a kidney transplant. So one of the problems, considerable differences in factors, because of the vastness and the variety of factors affecting them.The purpose of this study is to provide a comparative analysis of kidney transplantation items in selected countries and Iran in order to choose the most important items that will be used in iran.

Methods:

The study was carried out in 2015 using a comparative review method in United States, Australia, Croatia and Iran. The countries have the largest number of kidney transplants on their continent in 2014. Items in two categories (Candidate’s items and Donor’s items) was gathered from last version guidelines and execute delphi rounds and focus group(feasibility) to choose the important criteria in 3 iran’s medical centers. Data analyzed by Excel 2015.

Results:

Total items of candidate was twenty that five items, including “duration of dialysis”, “blood type”, “previous transplant history”, “age“ and “HLA” were considered as items affecting transplant in all three countries. Iran just included two items (duration of dialysis and blood type). After Delphi rounds and accessibility study, sexteen items were remain to gathering in iran.

Total items of donor was thirteen that three items, including  “blood type”, “age“ and “HLA” were considered as items affecting transplant in all three countries. Iran just included 2 items (hepatit and blood type). After Delphi rounds and feasibility study, 11 items were remain to gathering in Iran.

Croatia that adherence Euro guideline in kidney transplantation had maximum candidate’s items and United states has maximum donors items that involving in kidney transplantation

Conclusion:

Kidney transplantation items determine the amount of readiness kidney transplant candidates and the quality of the kidney donor. In iran this items did not intended to be the comparison candidates and just “duration of dialysis” was criterion. While in America, Europe and Australia the readiness of candidate and the quality of the kidney donor is based on the items scoring and matching.

One of the deleted items as a result of feasibilty study in Iran was the HLA typing test. Due to the long time and high cost, there is no possibility of collecting it.

projected is if Iran involved items in queues waiting for a transplant candidates, they will receive graft survival rate better than before.
Applying decision tree for detection of a low risk population for type 2 diabetes: A population based study
Authors: Esmaeily Habibollah , Tayefi Maryam , Doosti Hassan , Ghayour-Mobarhan Majid , Amirabadizadeh Ali Reza
Published: December 2017

Introduction: The aim of current study was to create a prediction model using data mining approach, decision tree technique, to identify low risk individuals for incidence of Type 2 diabetes (T2DM), using the Mashhad Stroke and Heart Atherosclerotic Disorders (MASHAD) Study program.

Methods: a prediction model was developed using classification by the decision tree method on 9528 subjects recruited from MASHAD database. Moreover, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied.

Results: The prevalence rate of T2DM was ~14% in our population. For decision tree model, the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity value for identifying the related factors with T2DM were 78.7%, 47.8% and 83%, respectively. In addition, the area under the ROC curve (AUC) value for recognizing the risk factors associated with T2DM was 0.64. Moreover, we found that subjects with family history of T2DM, age>=48, SBP>=130, DBP>=81, HDL>=29, LDL>=148 and occupation=other have more than 59% chance of this disorder, while the chance of T2DM in subjects without history with TG>=184, age>=48 and hs-CRP>=2.2, have approximately 51% chance.

Conclusion: Our findings demonstrated that decision tree analysis, using routine demographic, clinical, anthropometric and biochemical measurements, which combined with other risk score models, could create a simple strategy to predict individuals at low risk for type 2 diabetes in order to decrease substantially the number of subjects needing for screening and recognition of subject at high risk.
QUANTITATIVE EVALUATION OF MEDICAL RECORD DOCUMENTATION IN IMAM REZA HOSPITAL, MASHHAD, IRAN
Authors: Mazloum khorasani Zahra , Tara Mahmood , Etminani Kobra , Moosavi Zohre , Ebnehoseini Zahra
Published: December 2017

Introduction:

Diabetes is the most common endocrine disease. Given the importance of medical record documentation for diabetic patients and its significant impact on accurate treatment process, as well as early diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic complications, this study aimed to qualitatively evaluate medical record documentation of diabetic patients.

Methods:

This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted on all medical records of diabetic patients (1200 cases) in the comprehensive Diabetes Center of Imam Reza Hospital. A checklist was prepared according to the main sectors and their sub-data elements to conduct a qualitative evaluation on documentation of medical records of diabetic patients.  Descriptive statistics were used to report the results.

Results:

In this study, 1200 (710 women and 490 men) cases were evaluated. Mean documentation of main sectors of diabetic patients’ records were as follows: 49% demographic characteristics, 14% patient referral, 4% diagnosis, 50% lab tests, 25% diabetes medications,13% nephropathy screening test, 10% diabetic neuropathy, 41% specialty and subspecialty consultations and internal medicine physicians visits did not complete for all the patients.

Conclusion:

According to the results of this study, qualitative evaluation of medical record documentation of diabetic patients Showed poor documentation in this regard. It is suggested that results of this study be accessible to physicians of healthcare centers to take a positive step toward improved documentation of medical records. In addition, it seems necessary to modify diabetic medical records.
Synthesis and biological evaluation of new aryl substituted Schiff’s bases
Authors: Parcha Versha , Kaur Jaswinder
Published: December 2017

Objective: Chemical substances employed to treat various infections caused by various types of microorganism are termed as antimicrobials and natural chemical compounds produced by specific types of bacteria are termed as antibiotics. Unlimited use of antibiotics in humans and animals and in areas other than the treatment and prophylaxis of disease have resulted in a serious problem of drug resistance. Various attempts have been adopted to cope with the resistance problem and enhance the activity, or broaden the spectrum of drugs. Based on structure-activity relationship synthesis of new compounds has been one of the best approaches for better results. It has been demonstrated that Schiff base of some leading molecules and antibiotics possess good potential as more effective and safe drugs. Encouraged by reports on potential of Schiff’s bases as antimicrobial agents and to cope up with the current requirements of developing newer, safer and broad spectrum agents attempts were made to synthesize new Schiff’s bases.Methods: Our earlier in which structure activity relationship studies revealed that substitution by nitro and amino gp in Schiff’s base moiety resulted in the enhancement of activity. So further attempts were made to extend the series with incorporation of nitro and amino moiety by condensing o,m dinitro substituted acid hydrazide with various nitro/amino substituted benzaldehydes for increasing their antimicrobial potential.Results: Synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of spectral studies (like UV, IR, and NMR). All the synthesized derivatives were screened further for their antibacterial effect. All the synthesized derivatives were screened further for their antibacterial effect.Conclusions: Highest activity was observed in the derivative with nitro substitution in both the aryl rings.