bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
In vivo and in vitro Study of Probiotic Effect of Lactobacillus acidophilus on Pathogenecity of Proteus mirabilis isolated from Urinary Tract Infection (UTI)
Authors: A. al-jebourysma AsGhydaa H.
Published: November 2021

The aim of the study was to treat the pathogenesity and adhesion property of Proteus mirabilis isolate, obtained from urinary tract infection (UTI) patients. After the identification of Proteus mirabilis it was found that the pathogenic bacteria possessed the adhesion ability both in vivo and in vitro bioassays, with lactobacillus acidophilus filtrate as Probiotic. Proteus mirabilis was subjected to different concentrations of lactobacillus acidophilus filtrate to investigate its adhesion property and pathogenesity. Three concentrations (25, 50,100) % of Lactobacillus acidophilus concentrated filtrate were used in vitro bioassays against pathogenic bacteria. Results showed that the third fold 25% was the most effective concentration in reducing the adhesion intensity of the bacteria. This concentration was selected to be used in in vivo for detection of infectivity to the animal tissues (Kidney and liver) and also the effect of Proteus mirabilis and Probiotic on the level of hormones in liver; Serum glutamate pyruvate transaminase, Serum glutamate oxoloacelate transaminase and Alkaline phosphtases (GPT, GOT , ALP) and kidney enzyme (Urea) in serum of mice was investigated. It was found that the levels of liver hormones and kidney enzyme increased at the time of infection, and these levels returned to normal or decrease after treating the animals with 25% of concentrated filtrate of Probiotic.
Effect of some Transition Metals and Selenium on germination of Eruca sativa Seeds
Authors: Nasser Huda A. , Al-Khafaji Zahra M.
Published: November 2021

The effect of some transition metals, Nickel, Copper, Zinc and Selenium elements on Eruca sativa seeds germination was studied. Concentration (1, 10, 100, 500, 1000) ppm in sterile distilled water were used to cover the natural concentrations and the concentrations in polluted environments. Germination was recorded after 5 days. Results showed that there were inverse relationships between the number of germinated seeds and increasing in concentration of elements. The effect was mainly due to the elements, while the pH effect was very low and not exceeds 7 % except for Zinc solution which was about 50%. The correlation coefficient between germination and concentration were with negative values, it was for Nickel element -0.842, Copper -0.965, Zinc -0.928 and for Selenium -0.603. The values were statically significant except for selenium. According to the obtained results the elements can be ranked Nickel the less effect < Copper < Zinc < Selenium.
Cytogentic and bacteriological study of raw and magnetic milk
Authors: Khlil Sarab H. , Al-Kabima AssWafaa A. , Muhameda Heiam K. , Shahid Buthaiena
Published: November 2021

his study was conducted to investigate the efficiency of magnetic system in milk sterilization. This was done using bacteriological, (total microbial count) and cytogenetic (mitotic index and chromosomal aberration of bone marrow) investigations. Results indicated a reduction in total milk microbial count. On the other hand, mitotic index was increased and chromosomal aberration in bone marrow was decreased in magnetic milk as compared with raw milk. In conclusion, milk sterilization might performed using magnetic field application.
Using PCR Technician in Prenatal Diagnosis of Fetal Gender
Authors: Oleiwi Abdulrahman A.
Published: November 2021

whole blood samples were obtained from 30 pregnant women at 15 –24 weeks of gestation. DNA was extracted from each plasma or serum sample. To detect the Y-chromosome specific marker DYS14 in the maternal blood, (Polymerase Chain Reaction) PCR were carried out for each DNA extract. The PCR products were analyzed by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining. The results compared with fetal gender after delivery. The result of delivery revealed that 13 pregnant women had a male fetus and the remaining 17 pregnant women had a female fetus and DYS14 was detected in all plasma and serum samples obtained from pregnant women and revealed that 13 pregnant women had a male fetus and the remaining 17 pregnant women had a female fetus. The PCR sensitivity for detecting the gender of fetus from maternal whole blood at 15–24 weeks of gestation was 100% in both plasma and serum, DYS14 was not detected in the DNA from any of the 17 pregnant women carrying a female fetus. The results showed that PCR analysis of maternal plasma and serum can be used to diagnose fetal gender.
Effect of methanolic extract for (leaves and roots) of Bacopa monniera L. aerial plant parts on the growth of some bacteria and fungi
Authors: Alwash Bushra M.Jaber , Alqysi Safaa Al-deen Ahmed , Karomee Mushtaq faraj
Published: November 2021

he project was conducted to study the inhibitory activity of methanolic extract for aerial parts (leaves and roots) of Bacopa monniera L. on some bacterial species represented by: Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherchie coli, Klebsellia sp. Shigella sp., by using the Agar-well diffusion method for estimating the Minimum Inhibition Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) as well as two type of fungi, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus, the fungi used to study the antifungal activity of plant extract. The results showed a difference in the effect for the types of bacteria as the value of (MIC) for the types Bacillus cereus, Shigella sp. and Klebsellia sp. Is a (100, 200, 200) while there was no effect of the extract against other bacterial species under study.As for the fungi testing, the extract has a clear effect by measuring the mean of growth diameter for fungi, where the growth diameter of the fungus A. niger 1.03 cm at the concentration 50mg/ml while the diameter became 0.5 cm at the 300 mg/ml concentrate in the first day, and in the seventh day of the experiment, the growth diameter reached 7.03 cm at the 50 mg/ml concentrate but the concentration 300mg/ml were 6.4 cm compared with control, which amounted to 7.6 cm. As for the fungi A. flavus growth diameter (1.1 , 0.46) cm at concentrations (50, 300) mg/ml in the first day of the experiment, in the seventh day the diameter was (4.73,3.9) cm at concentrations (50, 300) mg/ml respectively, while the diameter of growth has been different at the other concentrations and within test days.
Using of Data Base to Determine the Restriction Sites and Drawing Restriction Map for Lipase Gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus
Authors: Jasim Hameed M.
Published: November 2021

pecific data base was used for restriction enzymes (rebase) and related proteins, to design executive program in quick basic language to determine the restriction sites and drawing restriction map for the complete sequence of lipase gene from Bacillus stearothermophilus. This program which was of a great benefit in prediction of the restriction patterns for the analysis of recombinant DNA molecules was used to determine the restriction sites for 16 enzyme among 46 type of different restriction enzymes having recognition sequences included in lipase gene which they are SmaI, XhoI, SalI, DdeI, ClaI, EagI, BspHI, AccI, EcoRV, HaeII, BanI, BclI, CfrI , SstI, KspI and NaeI. Results showed that it could be determine accurately the restriction sites and fragments sizes resulted in case of the treatment of lipase gene with these restriction endonucleases. It was also enabled to draw restriction map specific for these enzymes and determine coding region for lipase gene sized of 1254 bp included in the complete sequence for the cDNA of the gene sized of 1725 bp.
The effect of boron foliar on the germination and vigor of the resultant seed of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) plants
Authors: Hamza J. H. , Alamere Maytham mehsen , Zahra Hayder abdel
Published: November 2021

Laboratory study was carried out on sunflower seed products resulting from the sunflower plants foliar by different concentrations of boron (0, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250) ppm at flowering stage in spring and autumn seasons in 2009 at the laboratories of the Ministry of Agriculture - the Authority for public inspection and certification seeds –Karbala branch to study the effect of post-boron foliar on the germination of seeds, radical length, plumule length and dry weight of seedling. An analysis of variance according to complete randomized design with four replicates were used. Simple correlation between the attributes were examined. a regression analysis was performed, and prediction equation of the attributes was studied. The results showed that seeds from plants sprayed with boron concentration of 150 ppm was superior in all characters, the first count, final count, radical length, plumule length, dry weight of seedling and cold test for both seasons (82.25% and 92.00% and 122.75 mm and 89.00 mm and 61.00 mg and 88.00 %) respectively, in the spring season, and (76.25% and 80.00% and 118.75 mm and 100.50 mm and 68.00 mg and 72.00%) respectively in the autumnal season. Results showed significant positive correlation between most of the studied traits. Regression analysis showed the possibility of calculating the expected equation of equivalent boron which is significant in the proportion of normal seedling in standard germination test and plumule length in spring season, and the proportion of normal seedling in standard germination test, radical length and a proportion of normal seedling in cold test in autumn season.
Bacteriophages effects on antibiotic sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Ghareeb Abdulameer M.
Published: November 2021

A total of 50 swab samples were collected from patients suffering from different infections. Morphological and biochemical characterization showed that 46% isolates were characterized as Staphylococcus aureus. All these isolates were able to grow on mannitol salt agar medium and ferment mannitol and sucrose. β- hemolysin, coagulase production and antibiotics sensitivity of S.aureus, before and after treatment with phage, was examined. It showed there is no change in the β- hemolysin and in the coagulase production but lysogenic phage effect the antibiotic sensitivity of S. aureusisolates significantly. In addition plasmid DNA was isolated from bacteria whose showed multiple antibiotic resistances. Large and small bands were obtained .Thereafter curing process had done to evaluate the plasmids content, it was found entire losing for the small plasmids, while the large plasmids remain intact. From this study, it can be concluded that S.aureusisolates found in wound at high percentage; moreover,S.aureus treated with phages effect the sensitivity patterns against antibiotics.
Serum alpha-1-antitrypsin level in Iraqi patients with coronary heart disease
Authors: Salih Asmaa M.
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to estimate the level of serum alpha -1- antitrypsin in patients with coronary heart disease. Patients were clinically subdivided into stable angina 25 patients, unstable angina30 patients and myocardial infarction 50 patients. A control sample of 30 individuals was matched with patient for age and sex.Non-significant elevation of serum alpha one antitrypsin were noted in MI cases compared to healthy control individuals, even some MI patients showed decreasing level of alpha one antitrypsin, which may return to hereditary alpha one antitrypsin deficiency in Iraqi patients.The Stable angina patients group showed non-significant decrease in alpha one antitrypsin level compared to healthy control, while unstable angina patients group showed significant decrease in alpha one antitrypsin level that will may facilitate developing disease towards MI. All present results need additional studies to be carried out on larger samples of Iraqi individuals and alpha one antitrypsin deficient patients, furthermore, highlighting on the relationship between alpha one antitrypsin and risk of coronary heart disease.
Evaluation of complements serum level (C3 and C4) in pregnant women with history of toxoplasmosis
Authors: Salloom Dunya F. , AL-Warid Harith S. , Abbas Ali H.
Published: November 2021

C3 and C4 serum level were evaluated in 30 pregnant women which divided into groups: Group A16 (53.3%) (Pregnant women with history of abortion and positive anti toxoplasma IgM antibodies), Group B10 (33%) (Normal pregnancy women with no history of abortion or Toxoplasmosis.), Group C6 (20%) (Pregnant women with history of two abortion and positive anti toxoplasma IgM), group D 10 (33.3%) (Pregnant women with history of only one abortion and positive anti- toxoplasma IgM), group E 4 (13.3%) (Pregnant women with history of only one abortion and negative anti-toxoplasma IgM). The results showed that highest level of both C3 and C4 in women with positive anti toxplasma IgM and history of one or two abortion/abortions while the lowest level of these two complements were in women with negative anti toxplasma IgM even they had one abortion or no abortion. There is significant differences in concentration of C3 ( 189.7 ± 20.3 mg/dl ) and C4 ( 59.3 ± 7.5 mg/dl ) in group A and C3 ( 189.6 ± 17.7 mg/dl ) and C4 ( 63.08 ± 4.7 mg/dl) when compared with group B and E, and the result showed statistical differences in C4 concentration between group C and D at P< 0.05. We conclude that complement was play role in immune response of pregnant women especially against toxoplasmosis that cause abortion to these women.
Effect of Sucrose and Naphthalene acetic acid Concentrations on Rooting of Sugarcane In vitro
Authors: Al-Salihy A. A. M. , Al- Hussaini Z. A. H. , K. Muhmmed. A.
Published: November 2021

hoots of two sugarcane genotypes (Co.J.64, Co.J.86) were rooted in vitro on MS medium supplemented with different concentration of sucrose (0, 30, 50, 60, 70) gm/l or NAA (0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5, 10.0) mg/l in separate experiments. All cultures were incubated at 25±2C◦with 16 h/d light (1000 lux) for 60 days. Data of roots per plant, length, dry and fresh weights were taken after 8 weeks. Results showed that 70g/l of sucrose gave higher mean in length and fresh weight of roots reached 1.70 cm /plant, 19.80 mg/root, respectively, while 60g/l sucrose gave higher mean in number and dry weight reached 9.95 root, 4.60mg, respectively. NAA concentrations were significantly effected in root length reached 1.23 cm/plant at 5 mg/l NAA while a significant effect in root number, fresh and dry weight. The genotype Co.J.64 was the best in number of roots in sucrose experiment, while genotype Co.J.86 surpassed in number of root, fresh and dry weight in NAA experiment.
The Role of Plasmids in Pathogenicity of Locally Isolated Plesiomonas shigelloides
Authors: Al-Gelawi M. H. , Al-Jeboory M. R.
Published: November 2021

one hundred and twenty diarrhea samples were collected from different hospitals in Baghdad, four isolates 3.3% (P1, P2, P3, P4) were obtained and identified as Plesiomonas shigelloides from these samples. Four isolates were also obtained and identified as the same bacteria from the environmental samples, two isolates 10% from twenty water samples (termed W1, W2) and two isolates 10% from twenty fish samples (termed F1, F2). Investigation of antibiotic susceptibility was done for all isolates. Some of the virulence factors were determined in this bacterium, like its ability to produce some enzymes. Ability of bacterial isolates to adhesion on epithelial cells was studied as one of important virulence factors; it was found that all isolates have the ability to adhesion on living and non-living surfaces. The plasmid profile for all isolates was studied, and the results showed that the plasmid profile was similar for all isolates. All isolates contained two small plasmid DNA bands approximately in the same sizes. The role of plasmids in pathogenicity of P. shigelloides P1 were studied, throughout cure this isolate using SDS. These results indicated that the trait of β-lactamas, haemolysin and proteinase production in addition to resistance trait for tetracycline and streptomycin were plasmids born. While the lipase and lecithinase production trait were chromosomal born in Plesiomonas shigelloides P1.
The Mutagenecity Effect of Aqueous Extracts of Malva parviflora by Bacterial System (part one)
Authors: Sadii Alyaa Waeal , Abu - Alur Faheema Jabbar , Mohammed Sinai Waleed , Abbas Ali Hafedh
Published: November 2021

his study was carried out in order to determine the toxic and mutagenic and antimutagenic effects for Mallow (Malva parviflora) against the mutagenic effect of Methotrexate (MTX).The effect was studied in a bacterial system (G-system). The used system consisted of three isolates G3 Bacillus spp, G12 Arthrobacter spp and G27 Brevibacterium spp. The study depended on recording survival fraction (Sx) as an indicator for the induction of Streptomycin and Refampicin resistance mutants as a genetic marker. Water Extract was prepared from fresh and dry mallow leaves, stems, flowers and roots Gradual concentrations of plant water extracts were use to choose the suitable concentration which is remembered the negative control. The interactions included three types of treatments (pre - MTX, with- MTX and post-MTX) as a chemical mutagen in order to determine the mechanisms of this plant extracts in preventing or reducing the genotoxic effect of MTX. The results showed that the interaction effect between the optimum concentration of water extract and the mutagen on survival fraction (Sx) increase the value of the survival fraction of G-system isolates to reach normal value compare with positive control (MTX ). The results of the interaction between optimum concentration for extracts and the treatment with mutagen to induce resistance mutant for streptomycin and refampicin found that the MTX had no effect to induce resistance mutant for these two antibiotics, for the three types of treatment (pre-MTX, with-MTX, and post- MTX) for all extracts, the water extract suppress or repair mutant and give protection 100% for bacterial cells.
Optimum conditions for Prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11
Authors: Jasim Abdulkareem , Jasim Hameed M. , Dhahi Isra'a M.
Published: November 2021

Different nutritional and cultural factors were studied to determine the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production by Serratia marcescens S11 in a batch culture of brain-heart infusion broth medium. These factors include carbon source and its concentration, nitrogen source and its concentration, phosphate source, temperature and pH. Results showed that the optimum conditions for prodigiosin production were achieved when the production medium was supplemented with olive oil and casein hydrolysate as a carbon and nitrogen sources respectively in a concentration of 1.5% for broth, KH2PO4 as a phosphate source at initial medium pH8, and incubation at 28°C for 24 hours. Under these optimal conditions, prodigiosin activity produced by Serratia marcescens S11 in culture medium was increased from 200 U/cell before optimization to 3000 U/cell.
Synergism between the compound Dichloroflavan and Chalcone Against poliovirus in vitro
Authors: Ahmad Abdullatif Mohammad
Published: November 2021

Flavone originally founded in some herbs and plants such as beans, tomato and grapefruit. Dichloraflavan (DCF) and the compound chalcone relatively non-toxic, we find in this study that the toxicity of the two compounds to RD and L20B cells ranging between (16-32)µg/ml when they used alone. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) of chalcone was 0.06 µg/ml while the MIC of DCF was 0.03 µg/ml to inhibit (100TCID50) of poliovirus in RD cells and L20B cells. Binary combination of these two compounds showed synergistic activity. We used the Therapeutic Index (TI) to determine the safety of the compound the TI which is the ratio between the toxic concentrations of the drug over the MIC. If the TI one or less means that the compound not advise to use due to the side effect while if the TI more than one compound may be used for treatment, And the fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) index to determined the synergy between the two compounds MIC of drug A in combination MIC of drug B in combination FIC index = + MIC of drug A alone MIC of drug B alone The interpretation of the index is as follows: <0.5; significant synergism; 0.5-0.9; suggestive of synergism; =1; effects are additive; 1.1-1.9 partial antagonism; .2 antagonisms.
Micronucleus Assay as a Biological Indicator for In Vitro Exposure of Human Lymphocytes to Gamma Rays
Authors: Balasem Abbas N.
Published: November 2021

Micronucleus Assay was employed to detect the effects of acute exposure of human peripheral blood lymphocytes in vitro to Cs -137 gamma rays. Human whole blood samples were irradiated with different doses of gamma rays namely ) 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 1.00) Gy, respectively in addition to a control non-irradiated sample. The samples were tissue cultured and cytokinesis blocked method was used to investigate the frequency of micronuclei. In vitro exposure of lymphocytes to this doses led to elevation of micronuclei in comparison with non –irradiated samples However, inclusion of mono-, tri-,and quadrinucleated cells in micronucleus assay probably gives more satisfying result than restriction the test on binucleated cells. Computed programmed were employed to establish dose – response relationships to be used as biological dosimeter during radiation accidents.
The Study of Antimicrobial Activity of Citrullus colocynthis Seeds
Authors: Al-Janabi Sundus J. , Abed Ali O. , Durwish Majda J. , GaAziztta Fitua M.
Published: November 2021

Crude methanolic and hexane extracts of seeds of citrullus colocynthis were examined for antimicrobial effects of different concentrations ranging from (3.1- 50) mg/ml against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, Bacillus subtilis, Proteus vulgaris, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Psendomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Entero coccus spp. and Candida albicans. The agar well diffusion methode was used in this study.The extract was found to be active against S.aureus, B.subtilis, P. vulgaris, K. pneumoniae, and PS. aeruginosa at concentrations of (50, 25, 12.5, 6.25) mg/ml.while S. pyogenes and L.monocytogenes were sensitie at (50, 25, 12.5) mg/ml. E. coli shown sensitivity at (50, 25)mg/ml. Enterococcus spp. and Salmonella typhi showed no response. Candida albicans was sensitive to all different concentrations. Hexane extract was less effective against the tested microorganisms than methanolic extract. The results support the notion that Citrullus colocynthis seeds extract may have a role in pharmacentical uses, like antimicrobial drugs.
Effecienty of Immobilization technique of Bacillus Sublilis Asperginase producer
Authors: Burhan Sanaa , Alzobaidy Sahar Q.
Published: November 2021

wenty Bacillus isolated were obtained from different sample food and water. Bacillus B1 isolated was the highest asparaginase producer, it was identified as a strain of B. subtilis.The highest production of asparaginase was observed when mineral salt medium containing 0.3% asparagen, pH 8 and incubated at 400c for 24 hrs. B. subtilis B1 cells were immobilized by entrapment methods (calcium alginate and agar), and by adsorption on solid surface such as sawdust and cotton. The result showed that the immobilized cells by adsorption on sawdust was the best, the immobilized cell retained 88% of asparginase activity after 48h while free cell retained 65%. Cells immobilized by adsorption on sawdust was incubated at different temperatures (37-60)0c for 12 min. and at different pH (4-10) for 120 min. the result showed that the immobilized cell had 78% remaining activity at 37c while the free cells were 58%, and retaining activity was 70% at pH=7 while free cells were 52%.
The Effect of Trigonella Foenum_Graecum Seed Extracts on Some Bacteria Species and Their Role in Prolonging the Shelf Life of Meat
Authors: J. Ajeena S. , K. Hsahn L. , M. Hakeem I. , I. Ali T.
Published: November 2021

nhibitory action of the aqueous (WE), acetone (AE), methyl (ME), and volatile oil (OE) Of Trigonella Foenum_Graecum seeds against some pathogenic bacteria was evaluated. Different concentration (20, 50, 80) mgml of the extract were used against gram-negative (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas spp.) and gram positive (Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria. The result obtained from this study varied according to the type of extract, microorganism and the concentration used. Volatile oil extract had shown efficiency inhibiting both gram negative and positive bacteria in all concentration. So acetone, methyl and aqueous extract had shown efficiency inhibiting both gram negative and positive bacteria in 80 mgml concentration. While the last extracts had no efficiency inhibiting against study bacteria in 20mgml concentration, and they no effected at the negative bacteria in 50mgml concentrations, so the aqueous extract had no effect against positive bacteria in the same last concentration. The volatile oil extract seed was considered to be the most efficient against all tested bacteria comparing with other. Thus it was applied on preserving cooled minced beef by using different concentrations (0, 5, 15, 25, 50, 100) mgkg of meat. As a result showed low in the number of total bacteria count, total coli form count and total mold and yeast count c by using highest concentration of extracts during the storage at(2±7)oc comparing with control sample.
Karyotyping of European Fruit Scale Parthenolecanium corni (Bouché) on almond trees in Village of Rankous (Damascus Countryside Governorate) Syria
Authors: Berawe Ahmed , Mahmalji Mohamed Z. , Basheer Abd-Alnabi , Archoukieh Essmaiel , AL-Amir Lina A.K
Published: November 2021

karyotyping of European Fruit Scale Parthenolecanium corni(Bouché) studied on almond trees in Village of Rankous-Syria in 2008. Results showed there are 16 chromosomes of the insect by using the technique of squashing preparations described by Gavrilov and Trapeznikova (2007) without use of dry ice and substituting it with freezing at -140°C (Cryo Freezer).
In vitro propagation of Gerbera (Gerbera jamesonii Bolus)
Authors: Shlahi Sattar Abdullah , Majeed Duha Mysire , Hasan Salah Mohammed
Published: November 2021

Gerbera plant Gerbera jamesonii is classified according to the flower colors to four strains: white, yellow, pink and purple. Capitulum and scape explants were tested on MS medium in half or full salts strength, supplemented with different combinations of plant growth regulators cytokinins kintin (Kin) and benzel adinine (BA), auxin indolacitic acid (IAA). Results revealed that the capitulum showed better response to shoot formation 64.13% whereas the scape did not show response. Yellow flowers showed higher response in shoot formation 37.5% than other strains. growth regulators combination BA and IAA (3.0 + 0.1) mg/L respectively showed better response for shoot multiplication. Auxin IBA (0.5) mg/ L gave better rooting percentage 60% than other auxins IAA and NAA all concentrations. The acclimatization of the gerbera was 78.59%.
Induction of murine malignant lymphoma by 1-(2-chloro-ethyl)-3-cyclo-hexyl-1-nitrosourea, In vitro partial characterization
Authors: Al-Shammari Ahmed M.
Published: November 2021

From 20 mice administered ethyl nitrosourea for over 5 months, 2 mice showed lung lymphoma, one of them is a murine malignant lymphoma which cultured and the cell line was newly established as short term culture. The cells were round in shape and had a tendency to make groups of floating clusters. Later these cells developed to proliferate as adherent cell culture. Our study showed that ethyl nitrosourea is selective carcinogen to induce lymphoma and lymphoma cultured cells is very useful for lymphoma studies.
Genetically transformed hairy roots producing agropine induced on Trigonella foenum-graecum L. plant by Agrobacterium rhizogenes 1601.
Authors: Al-Mahdawe M. M. , Al-Mallah M. K. , Al-Attrakchii A. O.
Published: November 2021

Inoculation of leaves and stems explants excised from field-grown Trigonella foenum-graecum L. with engineered Agrobacterium rhizogenes 1601 inoculum of optical density 1.90, 2.06 and 1.96 led to the formation of hairy roots on these explants. The highest percent of infection with inoculum of O.D 1.90 was 20% in leaves, and was 53.3% in stems using inoculum of O.D 2.06. Infection percent was 50% in hypocotyl compared with non-inoculated explants. The results showed that inoculation of seedlings lacking roots were slow in hairy root formation and take long time compared with their formation in intact seedlings inoculated with the same inocula. Results of paper electrophoresis of these root proved the incidence of their genetic transformation. Moreover, these transformed roots grow happily in liquid WP medium with an average fresh weight 5.9g after four weeks of culture, whereas fresh weight of normal roots was 1.02g under the same conditions.
Study of immunological effect of Anastatica hierochuntica (Kaff Maryam) plant Methanolic extract on albino male mice
Authors: Abdulfattah Shaimaa Yousif
Published: November 2021

The objective of this study was to investigate the immunological effect of Anastatica hierochuntica extract on albino male mice. The total extract of the raw herb was obtained by using methanol at three different concentrations (25, 50,100)mg/ml. Hydrocortisone used as immunosuppressant drugs (positive control). Adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity, Phagocytosis and immunoglobulin (IgG) were studied with the herbal extracts and appropriate controls. Anastatica hierochuntica extract was significantly increasing IgG level when used at dose 50mg/kg (P≤0.05). It also increases significantly the phagocytosis at dose (50,100) mg/kg after 30min and in dose 50 mg/kg after 60 min (P≤0.05). In addition, there was significant inhibition in ADA activity when used plant extract at dose 100 mg/kg after 2 weeks of treatment. Hydrocortisone was found to lead a statistically significant inhibition of phagocyosis, ADA activity, and decrease the IgG level after 2 weeks of treatment (P≤0.05). In conclusion immunomodulatory activity of Anastatica hierochuntica, related to IgG level, phagocytosis and ADA activity, is revealed during this study. The herbal extract has shown to promote the IgG level, and also the phagocytosis after 2weeks of treatment.
Response of Clementine Mandarin seeds for germination and callus initiation and Alkaloids, hormones production in vitro
Authors: Obaid Ayad Assi , Dawood Wessam Malek , Nasser Nour Sabry
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted in plant tissue culture Lab. Horticulture Dept., College of Agriculture, Diyala University to evaluated the effect of plant growth regulators, North and South pole of magnetic field on common mandarin (Citrus reticulata L. Blanco) seedling growth and callus initiation. Seeds were cultured on solidified MS medium to study the impact of increasing magnetic field flood on the production of some plant growth regulators, alkaloids callus initiation. Results can be summarized as follows: Kinetin at concentrations (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 4.0) mg/L for 8 weeks of treatment showed that the control treatment gave taller roots (30) mm while the treatment 4.0 mg/L gave the highest number of shoots 1.7 shoot/ seedling. In the magnetic field experiment, the effect of north and south pole of magnetic field 200 mT for six periods (0 , 2 , 6, 11 , `14 , 18) days, showed that the treatment of 18 days gave the best shoot length 22mm. When the medium supplemented with 2mg/ l 2,4-D enhances callus initiation, while the combine of 2,4-D and TDZ reduced the rate of initiation and growth of callus. The production of hormones and alkaloids from mandarin callus exposed to1, 2 or3 magnets recorded the highest amount of Kin in the presence of 3 magnets giving 125.45 µg/ g while the highest amount of ABA, GA , IAA was found in control callus which gave (91.61, 76.25, 51.18)µg/ g respectively. Alkaloids yield showed the presence of Octapamine in the treatment of 3 magnets yielding 73.74 µg/g. The highest amount of Synephrine reached 366.99 µg/ g in the treatment of 3 magnets while the amount of Tyramine recorded 79.02 µg/ g in the treatment of two magnets. Ephedrine was higher in the callus that not being exposed reached 219.99 µg/ g.
Study the effect of the mixture of alcoholic extract of Peganum harmala seeds & Pericarp of Punica granutum on viability of protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus in vitro and in vivo
Authors: AL-Shanawi Fawzia Ahmed , Baker Noor Nihad
Published: November 2021

This study included the preparation of the mixture of alcoholic extracts of Peganum harmala seeds and Pericarp of Punica granutum at concentration (1+40), (1.5+45), (2+50) mgml. To study the influence of the mixture of alcoholic extracts of P. harmala and P. granutum on viability of the protoscolices of Echinococcus granulosus In vitro (In tubes), and In vivo (In albaino white mice injected intraperitoneal with protoscolices). In vitro experiment revealed complete inactivation of protoscolices (death) with concentration (2+ 50) mg/ ml after 30 minute. In vivo a significant reduction in weight of liver and spleen occurred in treated groups in comparison to control (untreated) infected group.
Detection of plasmid DNA profile in bacterial and fungal isolates from catheterized patients and its relation with antibiotic susceptibility
Authors: Makia Raghada S. , Ismail Munera Ch. , Fadhil Ayad M.A.
Published: November 2021

Study the resistance of bacterial and fungal isolates which identified previously towards different antibiotics that have been recommended for treating those patients. It was found that higher percentage of resistance to penicillin, gentamycin, tetracyclin, chlormphenicol, and trimethoprim- sulfmethazxol then moderate resistance to ampcillin, nalidixic acid, cephotaxime, streptomycin, cephalexin, rifampicin and less resistance to ciprofloxacin that represent the most effective antibiotic against uropathogenic bacteria. Ketazole antibiotic was used against yeasts, which the minimum inhibitory concentration of ketazole against 83% of Candida. albicans isolates was 128 μg/ml, the rest of the isolates was 64 μg/ml. Isolation of bacterial and yeasts DNA (chromosome + plasmids), results of DNA isolation showed that bacterial isolates (E.coli (RS1), proteus. mirabilis (RS2), klebsiella. pneumonia (RS3) and Pseudomonas. aeruginosa (RS4) have chromosome and plasmids vary in numbers and size according to isolate. While yeast (C13) isolate have only chromosome without plasmid.A result of curring shows that:-Resistance to ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamycin, pencillin for all bacterial isolates carried on plasmid.- Resistance to cephalexin by RS1 isolate, resistance to cephotaxim by RS3 isolate and resistance to chlormphnicol by RS4 isolate carried on plasmid, while resistance to other antibiotics were carried on chromosome.
The Optimization of Alcohol Dehydrogenase Production from Pseudomonas aeruginosa NW
Authors: Hadi Noora A.
Published: November 2021

The locally isolated Pseudomonas aeruginosa NW was tested for their ability to produce alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzyme by growing the bacteria on three different aromatic hydrocarbons: naphthalene, xylene and toluene. Following five days incubation the bacterium showed a good ability to utilize xylene, limited ability for toluene utilization and failed to degrade naphthalene. The ADH activity was assayed following each day of incubation on xylene as sole source of carbon and energy and it was found that a maximum ADH volume activity was 2.86 and 4.11 U/ml following the third and fourth day of incubation, respectively. The production of ADH was optimized under different conditions involving: temperature, pH, xylene concentration and incubation period. Results indicated that the optimal conditions for ADH production were by incubating the bacterium in MSM medium containing 1% xylene, pH: 8 for four days and incubation at 37ºC.
extract on germination and growth of influence of Allium sativum Solanum melongena L. seeds in vitro
Authors: Habeeb Hadeel M.
Published: November 2021

The study was Conducted for stimulation of seeds germination of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) and measure vegetative growth in vitro under the influence of garlic (Allium sativum) alcoholic extract and the plant growth regulators, 0.5 mg/L Naphthalene acetic (NAA) and 1.0 mg/L Benzyl adenine (BA) and the MS and B5 media. The results showed that the presence of garlic plant extract in the media have a positive effect on the germination of seeds of eggplant, which gave the highest germination 10 seed in concentration 4 mg/L in the all of MS media and B5 media full force without growth regulators, but the presence of growth regulators with the extract gave the same result under study containing extract contained (0,2)mg/L. For the length of branches showed extract 4mg/L significant effect for of the rest of the transaction experience, which gave the highest along the branches in the MS media full force and MS half strength macro and micro elements, (7.66,7.60)cm, respectively, followed by concentration of extract 2mg /L in media used in the experiment and without growth regulators.
The antimicrobial activity of leaves and callus extracts of Thevetia peruviana In vitro
Authors: Alhashimi Salah K. M. , Rashid Khaleel I. , Saleh Ghoson S. , Abdulhadi Alea M. , Taher Tara A.
Published: November 2021

The antimicrobial activity for Thevietia peruviana was evaluated by measuring inhibition zone diameter in agar using well diffusion assay. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Thevietia peruviana leaf extract as compared with callus extract against some bacterial strains and fungi. The results showed that the addition of 2,4-D at the concentration of 9 mg/l, and 0.1 mg/l of kinetin led to obtain callus weight reached 800 mg. It was noticed that the reduction of 2,4-D concentration up to 6 mg/l resulted in compact and green pieces of callus. The optimal weight and friable callus was obtained at 9 mg/l. Among the susceptible bacteria are the gram negative pseudomonas aeruginosa seemed to be sensitive against all concentration of Thevietia peruviana leaf and callus extracts, While Escherichia coli showed resistance with all concentrations of extracts. It was noted that the extracts were more active against gram positive staphylococcus aureus, as compared with other bacterial species. Results of this study revealed that callus extract of Thevetia peruviana possess higher activity in comparison with leaf extract against gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and gram negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Finally all the bioextracts were well stable at room temperature during the period of the study and did not show any reduction of activity against the bacterial strains used in this study experiments.
Effect of dietary supplementation with rocket salad (Eruca sativa) seeds powder on testis histological traits of roosters subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide
Authors: Al - Daraji Hazim J. , Razuki R. H.
Published: November 2021

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of adding rocket salad seeds powder to the diet on testis histological traits of roosters subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide. A total of 60 Hy – line laying breeder roosters 57 weeks old were used in this study. Roosters were randomly distributed on 5 treatments with 3 replicates each treatments were as follows: T1: males were fed control diet and normal water, T2, T3, and T4: males were fed control diet supplemented with 3 gm rocket salad powder / kg of diet + 0.25 ml hydrogen peroxide 0.5%/ litter of water, 0.5 ml hydrogen peroxide 0.5%/ litter of water, and 1 ml hydrogen peroxide 0.5%/ litter of water, respectively. The T5: males were fed control diet and drank water supplemented with 1 ml hydrogen peroxide 0.5%/ litter of water. Males were treated with hydrogen peroxide 6% and rocket salad for 12 weeks starting from 59 week of ages. Results revealed that water supplementation with hydrogen peroxide without adding rocket salad powder to the diet (T5) resulted in significant deterioration as regards testis weight, measurements of seminiferous tubules, and volume density and relative weight of active components of seminiferous tubules and interstitial tissue as compared with T1 group. However, supplementing the diet of roosters subjected to oxidative stress induced by hydrogen peroxide with rocket salad seeds powder (T2, T3, and T4) resulted in significant improvement concerning histological traits involved in this experiment in comparison with T5 group. In conclusion adding rocket salad powder to the ration of roosters could limit to a considerable extent the damages on histology of the testis that originate from oxidative stress. Therefore, rocket salad powder could be used as one of active tools for improving reproductive performance of roosters.
Study the Effect of Temperature on the Performance of Hollow Fiber Membrane Bioreactor in Wastewater Treatment
Authors: Mohammed Alaa K. , Fathel Qusay , Ali Safaa A.
Published: November 2021

A membrane bioreactor (MBR) is one of the modifications to the conventional activated sludge process, since it is the combination of a membrane module and a bioreactor. In the present study, 100 liters lab-scale aerobic MBR was seeded with 1.5 Liter activated sludge and municipal wastewater from AL-Rustumiya municipal wastewater treatment station, two hollow fibers sample (MI,MII) manufactured in the University of Technology/ Chemical Engineering Department, were used as biomembranes. Trans membrane pressure TMP was studied and it was found that the optimum value of TMP was 10 cm Hg vacuum which gave optimum effluent flux 400 ml/hr for MI and 350 ml/hr for MII. The experimental work involves the effect of temperature 25, 35, 45°C on the performance of the MBR fibers sample (MI, MII) and its effect on biomass growth and removal efficiency of the COD, BOD. Both samples show good performance in 25°C.
Using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to investigation of genetic diversity, and relationships among a set of clinical Aspergillus fumigatus isolates
Authors: Theeb Batool Omran , Hashim Abdulkareem Jasim , Al-Assi Akeel Hussain Ali
Published: November 2021

This study is an attempt to determine the genetic diversity and relationships among fourteen local isolate isolated from patients with Aspergillosis (Aspergillus fumigatus) by using the Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) technique. Twelve universal primers used in this study produced 94 bands across fourteen isolates. Of these bands, 67 bands or 71.2% were polymorphic. The size of the amplified bands ranged between 100-2000 bp. The genetic polymorphism value of each primer was determined and ranged between 33-100%. In terms of unique banding patterns, determine the finger print for six isolates the most characteristic banding pattern was for the (AFU1, AFU2, AFU3, AFU4, AFU8 and AFU14) with primer (OP F-16 , OP I-06, OP F-16, OP X-01, OP X-01and OP A-06). Genetic distances ranged from 0.12419 to 0.64404 among A. fumigatus isolates. Cluster analyses were performed to construct a dendrogram among studied A. fumigatus isolates. The cluster analysis places most of the A.fumigatus isolates isolated from patient come from yhe same area into a close relation (subcluster) showing a high level of genetic relatedness and were distinct from isolates from another area (the other subcluster). Interestingly, a number of isolates originating from the same sources did form well defined groups, indicating association between the RAPD patterns and the geographic origin of the isolates. The information generated from this study can be used in the future for controlling of Aspergillosis programs.
Saccharomyces boulardii as effective probiotic against Shiegella flexneri in mice
Authors: Zbar Nedhaal S. , Nashi Lamyiaa F. , Saleh Shahlaa M.
Published: November 2021

This study was designed to evaluate the ability of Saccharomyce buolardi as effective probiotic against Shiegella flexneri. Mice treated with S. boulardii and infected with Sh. flexneri, then serum levels of Aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) of treated mice were measured and histological sections were made from liver to evaluate protective effect. Results showed that mice treated with S. boulardii exhibited no significant p≤0.05 differences in serum level of AST and ALT 131,67 respectively U/L in comparison with their levels in serum of control group 113.2, 72.86 U/L. Mice infected with Sh. flexneri showed a significant increase in serum level of AST and ALT 198, 101 U/L in comparison with their levels 113,72 U/L in control group. Mice treated with S. boulardii and infected with Sh. flexneri showed a significant decrease in serum level of AST and ALT in comparison with their levels in mice infected with Sh. flexneri 80.13,78.26 U/L vs. 198 and 101 U/L respectively. Histopathological study showed that infection with Sh. flexneri caused a necrosis, degenerative changes and inflammatory cells infiltration as compared with control, while treatment with S. boulardii prevented the histopathological effect of Sh. flexneri.
Identification of Archaea species from hot spring water in Hammam AL-Allel at Mosul Governorate
Authors: AL-Qatan Mohammed A . , Abdullah Basima A. , Raoof Waad Mahmood
Published: November 2021

Isolate, Identify of some species belonging to Archaea from water of hot and sulphid springs in Hammam Al-Allel City/ Nenavah Governorate. Seventy five samples were collected from hot springs during 2012. The Archaea species were isolated using ordinary and selective media then identified according to morphological characters such as shape, colour, consistency of colonies,The isolated Archaeal species showed optimum growth at temperatures between 37-40 C°, while Halobacterium spp. grown at 30-50 C°, and Sulfolobus spp. between 35-70 C°. and when grown in different levels of pH. The results showed the ability of Halobacterium spp. to grow at pH between 4-7 and optimum growth at 3.5-4.5, while Sulfolobus spp.was shown good growth at 3-7 and optimum growth at 3-4, when grown in different concentrations of sodium chloride.The results showed that Halobacterium spp.were grow well in concentrations between 4.5-5.5% while Sulfolobus spp.were grown in concentrations between 2-3%. PCR technique based on amplification of genomic DNA using Specific primers for Archaeal species, was used to confirm the identification of Archaeal and the result indicated one distinct band with molecular size of 930-950 bp in comparison with DNA ladder after electrophoresis on agaros gel.The result of identification showed three species of Archaea in these studied springs, Sulfolobus solfataricus, Sulfolobus acidocaldarius, Halobacterium salinarum.
Influence of hot alcohol extraction of Celery fruits on renal stones dissolution in vitro.
Authors: Mohamed Duha B. , Khudier Saad H. , Mousa Nibal Kh.
Published: November 2021

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of hot alcohol extraction activity of Apium graveolens fruits on the common Renal stones dissolution (Ca-OX ,Uric acid) kinds and volatile oils concentrations on Apium graveolens via HPLC were estimated. Fourteen compounds which were (α-pinene, Cineole, P- cymene, Terpinene, α- phellandrene, β-pinene, Geraneole, α-terpinole, Linalool, Menthone, Limonene, Myrcene, Camphen, Rutin) were measured. In regard to concentration, α -pinene has the highest concentration since it reaches 19.2 µg/ml, while the lower concentration was achieved with Camphen which was 6.3 µg/ml. Results of Ca-Ox renal stones treated with extract of Apium graveolens showed significant decrease in stone weight since highest weight decrease percentage, using the hot alcoholic extract reaches 17.02 % at 5 % concentration and in comparison with Rowantinex drug, the results showed a high similitude between the hot alcoholic extract at 5% concentration and Rowantinex drug in respect of percentage of renal stones dissolution, so hot alcohol extraction of apium gravedens in 5% concentration was the best and active in dissolution Ca-OX at first degree and uric acid at second degree.