bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Socio-demographic, household food security and nutritional status of older (> 50 Y) women from rural Zambian communities: A descriptive study
Authors:   Texas Tech University, Mukherjee U , Chalwe JM ,   Vaal University of Technology, Mbambara S , Oldewage-Theron WH
Published: December 2021

Socio-demographic factors and household food insecurity are considered to influence the nutritional status of older women. The rapidly growing elderly population in Africa is a concern particularly in sustaining their health and nutritional status. In spite of this, there is a scarcity of information in older Zambian women and this study aimed to assess the socio-demographic factors, nutritional status and household food insecurity status of older women in rural Zambian communities. This cross-sectional study was conducted in Twatasha compound of Kitwe and Ndeke community of Ndola. The socio-demographic characteristics, anthropometric measurements, dietary intakes and household food security were evaluated in a convenience sample of 153 older women (≥ 50 years) through the Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS). IBM SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive (frequencies, means and standard deviations, and medians with interquartile frequencies) and inferential (bivariate and Spearman correlations) statistical analyses. The socio-demographic characteristics showed that almost all (98.7%) of the participants had other members of the family residing with them. Most participants (57%) had attained primary school education, 19% had secondary education and 5% had college education. Almost half (49%) of the participants did not report their employment status and 36% reported to be unemployed. Over-nutrition was most prevalent (37.3% overweight and 39.8% obese) while 20.9 % and 2.0% of the respondents were normal weight and underweight respectively. The median (25th percentile; 75th percentile) dietary intakes showed inadequate intakes for most nutrients, except for carbohydrates (170 g [133;225]). The total fat intake represented 14% of total energy intake. The majority (86.0%) of the participants were identified as severely food insecure while only 6.0% were food secure. The majority of the participants (80-90%) used at least seven out of the nine behavioural responses to food insecurity. The findings show resource-poor and severely food insecure communities. We recommended urgent interventions to improve access to healthy foods (such as home gardening projects) and promote healthy dietary habits (including nutrition education).
Soy dairy performance metrics
Authors:   USAID Feed the Future Innovation Lab for Soybean Value Chain Research, Krause J , Cornelius M , Goldsmith P , Mzungu M , Kambani-Banda C , Tamimie C
Published: December 2021

Soybean (Glycine max (L. Merr.) has been a crop of interest to address both poverty and malnutrition in the developing world because of its high levels of both protein and oil, and its adaptability to grow in tropical environments. Development practitioners and policymakers have long sought value added opportunities for local crops to move communities out of poverty by introducing processing or manufacturing technologies. Soy dairy production technologies sit within this development conceptual model. To the researchers’ knowledge, no research to date measures soy dairy performance, though donors and NGOs have launched hundreds of enterprises over the last 18 years. The lack of firm-level data on operations limits the ability of donors and practitioners to fund and site sustainable dairy businesses. Therefore, the research team developed and implemented a recordkeeping system and training program first, as a 14-month beta test with a network of five dairies in Ghana and Mozambique in 2016-2017. Learning from the initial research then supported a formal research rollout over 18 months with a network of six different dairies in Malawi and key collaboration from USAID’s Agricultural Diversification activity. None of the beta or rollout dairies kept records prior to the intervention. The formal rollout resulted in a unique primary dataset to address the soy dairy performance knowledge gap. The results of analysis show that the dairies, on average, achieve positive operating margins of 61%, yet cannot cover the fixed costs associated with depreciation, amortization of equipment and infrastructure, working capital, marketing and promotion, and regulatory compliance. The enterprises in our sample operate only at 9% of capacity, which limits their ability to cover the normal fixed costs associated with the business. The challenge is not the technology itself, as when operated, it produces a high-quality dairy product. The challenges involve a business that requires too much capital for normal operations relative to a nascent and small addressable market.
Role of Polyamines in Regulating Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Agricultural Crops: A Review
Authors: Lakshmi G. , Beena R.
Published: December 2021

At present plants had to face adverse climatic fluctuations which are often detrimental for their growth in order to cope up with this situation, they develop certain adaptive tactics like synthesis of new proteins, micro RNAs, compatible solutes/ osmolites and radical release to avoid its adverse effects. Of these study on compatible solutes such as polyamines (PAs) gained popularity among researchers. In plant, they are involved in a wide variety of regulatory and cellular processes under normal conditions. During these stresses they acts by activating biosynthesis of signaling molecules like NO, H2O2; affects abscisic acid synthesis; Ca2+ homeostasis; ion channel signaling or even apoptosis in severe conditions. Over expression of PAs is reported in various stresses due to the presence of stress-responsive elements in the promoters of PA biosynthetic genes. This review paper, summarizes the effect of polyamines in boosting plants growth during abiotic stress and its mechanisms of action.
​Screening of Pigeonpea Varieties through Nylon Bag No-choice Bioassay for Host Plant Resistance to Helicoverpa armigera
Authors: Jat B.L. , Dahiya K.K. , Sharma H.C.
Published: December 2021

Background: The legume pod borer, Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner), is one of the most damaging crop pests, including pigeonpea. Host plant resistance is a component of pest management and therefore, we standardize a nylon bag No-Choice Bioassay technique to screen for resistance to H. armigera under field conditions. Methods: Pigeonpea plants were infested with 24 h old 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 larvae per plant inside the nylon bag. Observations were recorded on pod damage, larval survival, larval weight, pupation, adult emergence, and fecundity after 10 days. Result: Pigeonpea varieties AL-201, H03-41 and PAU-881 exhibited lower pod damage (15.89 to 19.77%) and larval weight (12.02 to 13.82 mg). The expression of resistance to H. armigera was associated with trichome density, pod wall thickness and higher amount of phenolic compounds and condensed tannins. Lower trichome density and thin pod walls and higher amounts of sugars rendered the varieties Paras, Manak and Pussa-992 more susceptible to H. armigera. Nylon bag assay can be used to screen and select pigeonpea cultivars for resistance to H. armigera.
Halopriming Imparts Salt Tolerance by Reducing Oxidative, Osmotic Stress and DNA Damage in Five Different Legume Varieties
Authors: Paul Alivia , Biswas Sabarni , Banerjee Ritesh , Mukherjee Anita , Biswas Asok K.
Published: December 2021

Background: Salinity challenges legume production worldwide. To maintain the overall legume production, seed halopriming has been adopted as a cost-effective, farmer friendly technique, minimizing noxious effects of NaCl on plant growth. Methods: Nonprimed and haloprimed seeds were grown under different NaCl concentrations and harvested after 21 days. NaCl-induced alterations on physio-biochemical attributes and DNA damage were studied. Result: NaCl exposure in nonprimed seedlings exhibited growth inhibition, depletion in water contents, increased accumulation of H2O2, MDA and proline causing DNA damage. Conversely, in primed seedlings, these toxic effects were altered and extent of DNA damage reduced. Decreased catalase activity in nonprimed seedlings failed to detoxify the ROS generated under salinity inducing DNA damage whereas in NaCl-treated haloprimed seedlings, improved catalase activity helped to overcome such adversities favouring improved growth of all tested legume varieties.
Un texto de Ovidio en Retrato de una mujer en llamas (2019). Estudio sobre relaciones dialógicas
Authors: Gutiérrez Estupiñán Raquel
Published: December 2021

Un buen número de estudios sobre las relaciones entre la literatura y el cine se centran en casos de adaptación/transposición y abordan cuestiones relacionadas con lo intermedial. En el filme Retrato de una mujer en llamas (2019) se da el encuentro entre un texto literario y un relato cinematográfico de una manera particular. En este trabajo me propongo mostrar algunas de las implicaciones de la inclusión del texto de Ovidio desde una perspectiva dialógica. El estudio se centrará en el capítulo 13 y en lo que ahí sucede, si bien habrá referencias a otros capítulos, y al filme en su totalidad
Laberinto, crimen y bestiario local: estrategias didácticas para el uso de la narrativa campesina en el aula
Authors: Becerra Lagos José Inocencio
Published: December 2021

En este artículo se propone el diseño de tres unidades di- dácticas a través de las cuales podrán ser aprovechadas en el aula las leyendas que hacen parte del corpus de literatura campesina recogido por el proyecto “Lecturas y escrituras en la ruralidad boyacense”. Se plantea una secuencia didáctica compuesta por objetivos, formato de presentación de textos, contenidos temáticos, actividades y criterios de evaluación. Para desarrollarla se han elaborado tres escenarios lúdicos que valoran diferentes aspectos centrales del género de la le- yenda: el laberinto de puertas del castillo del llanto, la inves- tigación sobre el rapto de un niño y una especie de bestiario local. Antes de la materialización didáctica, serán observadas las características del género, su concepto y una clasificación sobre los de tipos de leyenda en la que son categorizados los relatos recogidos. Lo anterior permitirá comprender a priori el contenido temático de las tres unidades.
Zeolit Üzerine Desteklenmiş Fe Katkılı TiO2 üzerinde İndigo Boyasının Fotobozunmasının Araştırılması
Authors: Topçu Şendoğdular Selda , Şendoğdular Levent
Published: December 2021

Çevre kirliliği ve yenilenebilir enerji üretimi gibi fotokatalitik uygulamalarda yüksek etkinliği nedeniyle, titanyum dioksit (TiO2), katkılı/katkısız fotokatalizör malzeme olarak kullanım yaygınlığı ile öne çıkmaktadır. Uygulama ortamında homojenliği ve kontrollü dağılımı sağlayabilmek adına boşluk boyutu elverişli olan bir zeolit mineraline emdirilmesiyle TiO2 ve katkı malzemesinin faz dağılımı hassas bir şekilde kontrol edilebilmektedir. Bu nedenle bu çalışma zeolit mineralinin içinde ki demir (Fe) katkılı TiO2’nın indigo boyasında ki fotokatalitik özelliklerinin tayinini içermektedir. Bu nedenle Fe katkılı TiO2’in zeolit’e emdirilmesiyle elde edilen nanotozlardan sol-jel tekniği kullanılarak viskoz bir çözelti elde edilmiştir. Hazırlanan kompozitlerin yapısı X-ışını difraksiyonu (XRD) ve taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM) ile karakterize edilmiştir. TiO2’in ışığı soğurma aralığının Fe katkısı ve zeolit’e emdirilmesi ile görünür ışık bölgesine genişletilebileceği UV-Vis Spektrofotometre çalışmaları ile belirlenmiştir. Hazırlanan tozların görünür ışık fotokatalitik aktiviteleri indigo boyansının bozunma çalışmaları ile saptanmıştır. TiO2, zeolit ve TiO2/zeolit nanotozları ile karşılaştırıldığında Fe katkılı-TiO2/zeolit nanotozlarının en yüksek fotokatalitik aktiviteye sahip olduğu gösterilmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda Fe katkılı TiO2’nun zeolitin yapısına emdirilmesi ile TiO2 nanotozunun optik özeliklerinin optimize edilebildiği anlaşılmıştır.
Not as Straight-Forward as that It’s Just ‘An Added Fuss’ – Untangling How Indian Psychiatrists Construe Domestic Human Rights Legislation
Authors: Kahle Alena
Published: December 2021

After its ratification of the 2006 United Nations Convention on the Rights of People with Disabilities (UNCRPD), the Indian government proceeded to work through a list of laws from various fields – employment, housing, healthcare, personal status – that would need to be amended to guarantee the rights in the UNCRPD. Regarding the healthcare of persons with mental illness, the law-drafters deemed it insufficient to merely amend the existing law and proceeded to draft a new, innovative mental healthcare law. When the Mental Healthcare Act (MHA) was passed in 2017, responses were strongly polarised: On the one hand, it was lauded for staying true to the vision of the UNCRPD (Duffy & Kelly, 2019), while on the other hand, especially psychiatrists heavily criticised that they anticipated the law would adversely affect their ability to treat patients
Chemical Composition and Lipoxygenase Inhibitory Activity of the Essential Oil of Alstonia Angustiloba
Authors: Salleh Wan Mohd Nuzul Hakimi Wan , Nadri Muhammad Helmi , Khamis Shamsul
Published: December 2021

This study was aimed to investigate the chemica l compositions and lipoxygenase inhibitory activity of the essential oil from Alstonia angustiloba growing in Malaysia. The essential oils were obtained by hydrodistillation and fully characterized by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Analysis of the A. angustiloba essential oil resulted in the identification of twenty-five chemical components, attributed 90.8% of the total oil. The most abundant components of A. angustiloba oil were linalool (21.2%), 1,8-cineole (16.8%), α-terpineol (9.5%), terpinene-4-ol (8.5%), β-caryophyllene (6.2%), and caryophyllene oxide (5.2%). The essential oil displayed moderate activity towards lipoxygenase activity with IC50 value of 45.8 μg/mL.
DFT/TD-DFT ANALYSIS OF 2-CHLORO-7-METHYLQUINOLINE-3-CARBALDEHYDE USING COMPUTER COMPUTING METHOD
Authors: KUŞ Nihal
Published: December 2021

Quinolines are the essence of many natural products, drugs and were found in synthetic compounds. Quinoline derivatives containing a quinoline ring are used in a variety of biological and pharmaceutical activities, e.g. anticancer, antibacterial, antifungal, antiplasmodial, antihistamine, antimalarial and antituberculosis. In this study, 2-Chloro-7-Methylquinoline-3-Carbaldehyde (ClMQC) molecule, which is a quinoline derivative, was selected and analyzed. The stable structures of ClMQC molecule with minimum energy were investigated by density functional theory (DFT) together with B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) method. It was seen that there are two different conformers (trans and cis) with minimum energy in the scanning made depending on the C─C─C=O dihedral angle. As a result of the calculation with the B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level, the energy difference (E+ZPV) between the two conformers was calculated as 14.60 kJ mol-1. Oscillator strength and excitation energies were analyzed by calculating the time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT). The energy differences between the excited energy levels are given in the graph. This was done by adding the ground state energies of both conformers. The energy corresponding to HOMO-LUMO was calculated to correspond to the S0→S2 transition for both conformers. The excitation energy values were calculated as 3.75 and 3.84 eV for trans and cis, respectively.
Case reports of iatrogenic vascular injury in the trauma field: what is the same and what is different?
Authors: Kim Youngwoong , Choi Kyunghak , Choi Seongho , Keum Min Ae , Kim Sungjeep , Kyoung Kyu-Hyouck , Kim Jihoon T , Noh Minsu
Published: December 2021

Iatrogenic vascular injury (IVI) can occur with any technique or type of surgery performed around a blood vessel. Patients with severe trauma are at risk of IVI. In this study, we describe our experiences of IVI in the trauma field. We reviewed five patients who were diagnosed with an IVI and received either surgical or endovascular treatment. Of the five patients, one had an arterial injury, three had venous injuries, and one had an arteriovenous fistula, a form of combined arterial and venous injuries. Of the five patients, four had undergone orthopedic surgery. The IVIs of three patients were immediately identified in the operating room and simultaneous vascular repair was performed. The remaining one patient underwent additional surgery for occlusion related to entrapment of the superficial femoral artery by a surgical wire used during orthopedic surgery. Complications presumably related to the IVI were identified in two patients. IVI in trauma patients can be successfully managed, but significant morbidity can occur. If an IVI is suspected, immediate evaluation and management are required.
Birinci basamak merkez laboratuvarı HbA1c verilerine göre Hatay’da glisemik kontrol durumu ve ilişkili faktörler
Authors: KARABİBER Cansu , SAVAŞ Nazan
Published: December 2021

Amaç: HbA1c glisemik kontrolü, diyabetik komplikasyon riskini ve diabetik bakım kalitesini gösteren bir kan parametresidir. Bu çalışmada Hatay’da Aile Sağlığı Birimleri’nde (ASB) HbA1c tetkiki yapılan 18≤yaş bireylerde HbA1c durumu saptanarak, HbA1c’nin sosyodemografik özellikler, kan lipit profili ve böbrek fonksiyon belirteçleriyle arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Kesitsel nitelikteki araştırmada Hatay Birinci Basamak Merkez Laboratuvarı’nda Ekim-Aralık.2017 döneminde 18≤yaş bireylerin (n=22943) Hba1c, trigliserit, total kolesterol, yüksek dansiteli lipoprotein (HDL), düşük dansiteli lipoprotein (LDL), üre ve kreatinin verileri retrospektif değerlendirilmiştir. Değerlendirmede laboratuarın referans değerleri kullanılmış, HbA1c’nin ≥%6.5 olması kötü glisemik kontrol kabul edilmiştir. İstatistiksel analizlerde; HbA1c bağımlı değişken, ilçe, uyruk, cinsiyet, yaş ve diğer laboratuvar verileri bağımsız değişken olarak alınmış, tanımlayıcı istatistik, ki-kare ve Mann Whitney-U testleri kullanılmıştır. p
DEEP EUTECTIC SOLVENTS AS AN ADDITIVE IN MODIFICATION OF MEMBRANEFOR NANO- AND ULTRA- FILTRATION: PHYSIC-CHEMISTRY CHARACTERISTICS, FTIR STUDY AND ELECTROCHEMICAL BEHAVIOR
Authors: Vorobyova Viktoria , Skiba Margarita
Published: December 2021

Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are a new class of solvents that can offset some of the primary drawbacks of typical solvents and ionic liquids. They are synthesized by simply mixing the components that interact with each other through hydrogen bonds, and form a eutectic mixture with a melting point much lower than each component individually. Deep eutectic solvents is usually liquid at temperatures below 100 °C. Thanks to these great advantages, deep eutectic solvents is attracting more and more attention in many areas of research. Very recently, great attention has been paid to new pioneering attempts aiming at deep eutectic solvents into the field of chemical engineering, including membrane science and technology. Even if just a same works have been currently reported in applying deep eutectic solvents in membranes, the consideration on this new type of solvents is continuously growing. New deep eutectic solvents based on choline chloride (ChCl)–lactic acid (1:2 M ratio) was obtained and its electrochemical characteristics was studied. The synthesis of deep eutectic solvents was confirmed by FA nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry method. FTIR study provided further details into hydrogen bonding upon mixing. FTIR results confirmed that H-bonds, occurring between two components in deep eutectic solvents, were the main force leading to the eutectic formation. The frequency at 3221 cm−1 can be attributed to the oscillations of the O-H bond in the formation of OH-Cl-ChCl. The main physicochemical characteristics of deep eutectic solutions (density, pH) are determined. The electrochemical behavior was investigated of choline chloride (ChCl)–lactic acid deep eutectic solvent (DES) by cyclic voltammetry. The method of cyclic voltammetry found that the oxidation of deep eutectic solvents is fixed at a potential of Ea1 = 0.54 V.
REMOVAL OF BERYLLIUM (Be2+) FROM WATER SAMPLES BY SORPTION PROCESS: A REVIEW
Authors: Arar Özgür
Published: December 2021

Beryllium (Be2+) is an important industrial metal because of its unusual material properties: it is lighter than aluminium and six times stronger than steel. Beryllium is a strategic metal due to its low density combined with its strength, low neutron absorption, high melting point and high modulus of elasticity. Beryllium is often alloyed with other metals such as copper and is an important component of materials used in the aerospace, automotive, energy, defense, medical, and electronics industries. However, beryllium and its compounds are very toxic, especially to the lungs, skin, and eyes. Beryllium compounds are known carcinogens based on sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity in humans from human studies. Toxic effects of beryllium include immunotoxic, allergic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic effects. Mammalian tissues do not excrete it, so the effects are cumulative and can lead to death at high concentrations. Therefore, removal of Be2+ is important. In this review, the removal of Be2+ from water samples by sorption processes using different sorbents was summarized. The effects of process parameters on the removal of Be2+ have been summarized. The work discussed showed that ion exchange resins, various modified biosorbents metal oxides can be used for the removal of Be2+. The results showed that the pH of the solution has an important effect on the removal rate. Sorption kinetics vary from 3 minutes to 48h. When the functional groups are on the surface of the sorbent, the sorption process is rapid. However, if the surface of the sorbent is covered with oxides such as magnetite, it takes longer to reach equilibrium. Published work shows that more than 99 % of Be2+ can be removed from solution.
CONCENTRATION OF SOLUBLE SALTS IN COOLING WATER OF POWER PLANTS WITH BLOW DOWN RECIRCULATION
Authors: Kochmarskii Volodymyr , Kostiuk Oleksandr , Filipovych Yurii
Published: December 2021

The method for calculating the dynamics of concentration of soluble salts (tracers) using the assumption of their homogeneous distribution in the water volume of the circulated cooling system (CCS) under the conditions of recirculation of part of the purge water was proposed. The assumption of homogeneity of salt distribution is substantiated by the fact that the period of mixing of cold water (CW) in CCS is equal to several hours, and the period of setting the concentration limits is calculated in tens of days. In this approximation the law of change of concentration of tracers in time from the moment of their supply in CCS in modes without and with recirculation of a part of purge water and without any processing is received. It is shown that without recirculating treatment, recirculation of purge water increases the maximum salt concentration and the time to reach it. Attention is drawn to the fact that the flow rate consists of two parts: controlled and uncontrolled. When calculating the allowable amount of purge recirculation, it is necessary to use the value of the total purge flow. It is important to understand that the relative change in total purge is always less than the controlled one. To obtain the cost of full purge, it is necessary to calculate its uncontrolled part. The procedure for calculating the uncontrolled purge is given in the paper. Since there are restrictions for of maximum allowable concentration (MAC) on the concentrations of tracers in the CCS, the expressions obtained in this work are consistent with the requirements of the MAC and allow for a given degree of concentration of salts φ, to calculate the limit of recirculation flow. It is shown that the recirculation regime can be applied without additional measures for CCS with a low initial degree of salt concentration and low concentration in the feed water. The proposed algorithm is used to predict the results of recirculation in the case of a specific CСS for thermal power plants with an electrical capacity of 1200 MW and the ratio CMAC/C0 = 5. It is shown that in this case recirculation has significant economic and environmental effects. However, at high, concentrations of tracers C0, compared to MAC, feed water recirculation is meaningless. The calculation algorithm applies to tracers, i.e. salts that do not give deposits, but only limited by the MAC requirements and the risk of corrosion or environmental considerations. Therefore, the above technique cannot be directly used for sparingly soluble salts, such as calcium carbonate. In this case, it requires significant correction. Note the convenient use in calculations of the earlier introduced by us concept of regime (dynamic) factor φ, especially when comparing the real consumption of the main flows of ССS to calculated and in determining the evaporative capacity of cooling towers, or assessing the degree of salt concentration.
PROBLEM OF ANTIBIOTICS IN NATURAL WATER: A REVIEW
Authors: Litynska Marta , Kyrii Svitlana , Nosovska Olha , Ryzhenko Nataliia
Published: December 2021

The paper is devoted for influence of antibiotics contamination of natural water on environment, aquatic biosystems and public health and possible solutions of this problem. Untreated or ineffectively treated wastewater is a source of different pathogenic microorganisms and toxic chemicals, including organic and inorganic compounds. A lot of organic contaminants are genotoxic, provoke endocrine disruption and have immune toxicity. In modern world people use a lot of diverse antibiotics for the treatment of various bacterial infections, but antibiotic overuse and insufficient removal by wastewater treatment plants are resulted in accumulation and biotransformation of these compounds in aquatic environment. Antibiotics are pollutants which are very harmful for environment. They cause reduction in microbial biodiversity, including bacterial communities with important ecological functions. It provokes changes in water and soil properties, including pH, nutrients content, soil moisture and many others. Low concentrations of antibiotics cause an occurrence of pathogenic microorganisms which are resistant to antibiotics. It has very negative influence on public health due to increasing of health risk and complication of a medication. Antibiotic type, water and sediment compositions, pH, organic matter, specific surface area and temperature and insolation level have very big influence on distribution and behavior of antibiotics in natural water-sediment systems. Many antibiotics are biodegradable; they are transformed in human organism or by aquatic ecosystem (various plants, algae, bacteria, fungi, etc.). But some antibiotics, including ciprofloxacin, are very stable. These persistent organics are dramatically more harmful for ecosystem stability. In case of ciprofloxacin antibiotics in surface water direct photolysis causes formation of organic compounds, which are more toxic and less photolabile than initial antibiotics. So, the toxicity of pollutants increases synergistically and it cannot be ignored. Nowadays antibiotics removal is very important in drinking water and wastewater treatment due to significant environment and health effects of these pollutants. There are a lot of approaches in antibiotic removal from water, including adsorption, nanofiltration, advanced oxidation processes, etc. All these methods have some advantages and disadvantages. Catalytic photodegradation is one of the most popular methods of antibiotic removal. This process is simple, highly effective and makes possible transformation of antibiotics into components with lower toxicity and environmental impact. Also photocatalysis do not produce a lot of wastes unlike coagulation (sludge) or nanofiltration (concentrate).
A CROSS CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA AND SOCIAL WORK INTERVENTION
Authors: Omorogiuwa Tracy
Published: December 2021

The issue of violence phenomenon is noticeable within our environments, and has leans strongly on the foundations of gender bias, customary cum as well as traditional stance, which are deeply aligned with the orthodoxly patriarchal template that rules in many communities and societies, such as Nigeria. Utilizing the quantitative approach and adopting the survey research design, this study examines the public a cross cultural analysis of intimate partner violence and the social work intervention measures as panacea in addressing the menace. The population of the study consists of both dating and married couples and social workers. Employing the simple random sampling method, a sample of 80 couples and 20 social workers, giving a total of 100 participants were selected from Edo and Delta States of Nigeria. Two test score were correlated and their responses were subjected to Pearson moment correlation formula to obtain the reliability co-efficient of 0.86. The data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistic; mean and standard deviation at 2.5 criterion mean in order to determine a cross cultural analysis of intimate partner violence and the social work intervention. Findings reveal that intimate partner violence has deep cultural influences of family background, religious beliefs; up-bringing and negative cultural opinions about females, widespread social cultural impacts of physical injuries, mental, emotionally or psychologically influences on victims and their children. In addition, much need to be done, as social workers can help in early intervention for sufferers of IPV with a wide range of services including legal intervention, cultural supportive services; awareness campaign and counselling services to put an end to the scourge of intimate partner violence.
National models of policy in the sphere of the higher education in a democracy
Authors: Pashkov V.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the main national models of university policy in the world's leading democracies, identifies differences in the mechanisms and styles of educational policy, the reasons for different approaches to policy-making in a democratic system.It was found that in a democratic regime, the state retains the role of administrator of the education system, but through increased publicity and pluralism, governments seek to involve stakeholders in the policy-making process by forming coalitions with them. Educational coalitions allow the government to articulate the interests of some internal and external groups in the higher education system, to attract resources and support from these groups to implement its own concept of reforming.However, the composition of educational coalitions, the mechanisms of their formation vary from country to country, due to differences in administrative systems, ideological orientations, political culture and historical traditions. It is determined that the system of higher education is characterized by a stable configuration of external and internal groups, from which certain coalitions are formed. Internal groups consist of the academic community (teachers), academic management, students; external groups – the state, local authorities and the market (employers).The article analyzes the specifics and differences of the French, British, German, American and Asian (Japan, South Korea) models of educational policy. The British and American models are based on market mechanisms under the general coordination of the state. In the United States, university policy is also marked by the existence of two political courses in the educational sphere - the regional authorities and the federal center.The French model is based on the centralized administration of the education system by the government and the polarization of internal groups. The German model relies on close cooperation and coordination of federal and regional educational policies while limiting market mechanisms. The Asian model is characterized by corporate principles of educational policy formation and co-optation of group interests
Analysis of the European integration process Baltic countries: experience for Ukraine
Authors: Masyk Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article analyzes the peculiarities of the integration of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia into the European Union. The stages are highlighted, the principles and mechanisms of the European integration policy of the Baltic States are clarified. The problems of Ukraine's adaptation to the requirements of the European Union, in particular the conditions of the Copenhagen criteria, ways to use the relevant experience of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia are revealed. Recommendations for further rapprochement of Ukraine with the EU are considered.

The accession of dozens of new countries to the EU in May 2004 marked a qualitatively new stage in the integration process both in Europe and in the world. As a result of the largest enlargement of the European Union, the state of the economy in the old member states has changed significantly, but rather it has had decisive consequences in all areas of the economy for the new member states. Analysis of the positive and negative phenomena that accompanied the enlargement of the EU is important for countries that have or are considering joining the EU in the future, in the formation of long-term economic policy and deciding on the directions of their integration. The closest to Ukraine in terms of development in the EU are the countries of Central Europe and the Baltics, so their experience will be useful for our country.

Integration with the European Union was less difficult for the three Baltic states than for many other accessing countries, due to their strong social impetus to join Western political, economic and legal culture after they regained their independence from the Soviet Union in 1990. However, the accession of Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania had several distinctive features related to constitutional origin and institutions, which had a strong impact on the resolution of problems between the government and the EU institutions. The path taken by the Baltic countries upon accession to the EU was difficult and their role in the EU was not easy. Today, the EU-related agenda requires more skills than ever before in finding allies and choosing partners.
Integration potential of historical memory in the context of formation consolidation model of national identity
Authors: Rudenko Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article is devoted to the formation of national identity through the prism of the integrating potential of historical memory. The concept of “historical memory” and its types are defined. Among the latter: direct, scientific, mythological and permanent. Emphasis is placed on the fact that scientific historical memory has a significant impact on the mass consciousness of citizens. However, in order to integrate society, scientists must adopt an “averaged” model. The close connection between historical memory and national identity is recognized. The position of special significance of historical memory for the Ukrainian community, which has long been formed as “cultural” and not “state”, is defended.

Emphasis is placed on the fact that in order for historical memory to perform an integrative function in the formation of national identity, it is necessary that the culture of meaning-making ethnos (Ukrainian) did not absorb the culture of other ethnic groups, but became a consolidating nucleus that preserves internal unity.

Among the historical factors that play an important role in the formation of national identity are “memory of the place” or “place of memory”, general historical tragedies and victories, the pantheon of national heroes and more.

It is argued that the current state of historical memory in Ukraine can be described as a crisis in which different versions coexist and sometimes contradict, which may indicate that historical memory in certain circumstances may perform a disintegrating function. Civil society is the main entity that can overcome this fragmentation. Because only civil society is able to form a serious social demand that will reflect its essential national needs. It is noted that if the formation of a consolidating model of national identity is assigned exclusively to the state, then we remain in statist and post-authoritarian rhetoric. It is argued that the process of forming a national identity through the prism of historical memory should at least be counterintuitive: between the state and civil society.
Implementation of the competitiveness of the parties during the trial in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine
Authors: Syza N. , Syzyi I.
Published: December 2021

The article reveals the essence of the principle of adversarial proceedings of the parties and the peculiarities of its implementation during the trial in the criminal proceedings of Ukraine. The theoretical views of scientists, which determine the essence of adversarial proceedings and the role of the court in criminal proceedings, are considered. Through the prism of the parties' adversarial proceedings, the norms of the Criminal Procedure Code of Ukraine (CPC) are analyzed, which determine the general procedure of court proceedings, as well as the procedural form of individual court actions. Amendments to the CPC to provide introductory speeches at the beginning of the trial to both the prosecution and the defense, which are aimed at ensuring equal rights of the parties and expanding the adversarial nature of the parties at this stage. The problems of ensuring the adversarial nature of the parties have been clarified, taking into account the case law of the Supreme Court and the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). The analysis of the case law of the ECtHR concluded that ensuring the right to a fair trial in criminal proceedings presupposes that the trial, including procedural elements, must be adversarial and in this process the principle of equality of arms and defense must be ensured.

Attention is paid to the peculiarities of the parties' adversarial proceedings in special court proceedings, jury trials and criminal proceedings in the form of private prosecution.

It is established that in the case law of the Supreme Court the participation of the prosecutor in the trial of criminal proceedings in the form of private prosecution is recognized as a guarantee of equality and adversarial proceedings, as well as protection of the rights and legitimate interests of the victim. Such participation is obligatory, except in the case when the prosecutor refused to support the state prosecution, and the victim agreed to support the prosecution in court
Comic in Ukrainian political discourse
Authors: Kryvenko S.
Published: December 2021

In the article there is defined the concept of comic as a rhetorical and semantic technique in public discourse, which exerts psychological and behavioral influences. There are highlighted the main features of the comic, in particular: the comic is available for human perception; it causes laughter among representatives of a certain social group, demonstrates the difference between different groups (motives of comedy are not global, they will be funny only for a certain people); entertains the addressee, does not cause suffering and does not activate emotions of empathy in the audience to which it is directed. A. Bergson defines the basic rule of the comic – to demonstrate the unnaturalness, inflexibility, something uncharacteristic for normal life. The philosopher describes also three additional principles of the comic: repetition (the repetition of the certain signs – verbal and nonverbal – will be funny), inversion (replacement of social roles) and interference (semantic ambiguity of a one sign).The article identifies the comic’s techniques used by Volodymyr Zelensky as a candidate for the presidency of Ukraine during the 2019 election campaign. The materials for the study are political advertising, distributed both by classic media (television and outdoor advertising) and by social media. Author states that in the materials of V. Zelensky’s political agitation are present all of three methods of the comic, described by A. Bergson.In the article is claimed that laughter is able to perform the following social functions: to stimulate the development of the community by pointing out the outdated trends, as well as to ridicule those who wants to initiate social development. Comic, widespread by political leaders, can identify areas of public discontent and at the same time create space for psychological relief by spreading a sense of indifference to the future.
Comparative analysis of system implementation punishments of Spain and Ukraine
Authors: Kubrak R.
Published: December 2021

In this article the analysis of penitentiary system of Spain, based on the received material by results of a visit of the working group of the Ministry of Justice of Ukraine for the purpose of exchange of experience and establishing cooperation in the penitentiary sphere. Relying on the information provided by the management of governing bodies of penitentiary institutions, personnel of the polyvalent penitentiary centres, bodies of police, non-governmental organizations and on the results of own observations it is studied the structure of bodies and institutions which carry out the punishments established by court. The order of execution of punishments, connected criminals, with isolation from society is defined. It is established special peculiar features of criminal and executive policy of Spain. It is carried out the comparative and legal analysis of systems of bodies and institutions of execution of punishments of Spain and Ukraine, separate differences are defined, it is structured a chain of command by penitentiary institutions, their submission, a procedure of non-departmental control of their activity, and preventive mechanisms of violation of the rights of the convicted persons. It is defined the Types of institutions and local structural sites according to the content of the isolating regime actions which are applied. The analysis of criminogenic list of convicts, their age structure is carried out.

It is established the components of efficiency of process of performance of criminal penalty in the form of imprisonment for a certain term, the organizations of social and educational work by introduction of the correctional programmes of their behaviour consisting in implementation of influence taking into account features of mental, psychological, emotional state of everyone’s of the convicted person, its educational level and requirements.

It is carried out the analysis and generally functional orientation and the main objectives of penitentiary institutions of Spain, features of ensuring protection and supervision of convicts in the polyvalent penitentiary centers. It is established efficiency and universality of functioning of the polyvalent penitentiary centers of Spain of the latest sample.

The author reasonably substantiates the expediency of introduction of separate elements of techniques of social and educational work with convicted of Spain in Ukraine, in particular the correctional programmes of behaviour of the convicts focused on specific features and needs of everyone’s of the convicted person.
Principle of discretionary public prosecution
Authors: Lapkin A.
Published: December 2021

The article deals with the principle of discretionary prosecution and its significance for the activities of the prosecutor in criminal proceedings.The purpose of the article is to define discretion as a principle of criminal prosecution and to determine its influence on the activities of the prosecutor in criminal proceedings.It is justified that prosecutorial discretion is based on the internal conviction of the prosecutor, which serves as an impulse for him to carry out indictment or abandon it. Therefore, the prosecutor’s prosecution, including its violations, continuation or termination, cannot be considered separately or contrary to his conviction of the necessity and appropriateness of this activity.It is argued that discretion is one of the components of the basis of publicity, following from the general right of the prosecutor to administer public criminal proceedings. This principle lies at the boundary of the realization of the principles of publicity and dispositivity, causing their interconnection and complementarity.Increasing the discretion of the prosecutor to prosecute is seen as a means of providing the prosecutor with greater flexibility and variability in criminal proceedings, with increased personal responsibility for its results.It was concluded that the principle of discretionary prosecution meant that the prosecutor would have some discretion in prosecuting on the basis of his discretion and within the limits prescribed by law in order to improve the efficiency of criminal proceedings.It can be considered in a broad sense – about the powers of the prosecutor in criminal proceedings as a whole, and in a narrow one – by order of the prosecution as a criminal lawsuit. Accordingly, the principle of discretion should extend to the prosecutor’s main decisions on criminal proceedings.
Development of forensic tactics at the stage of mature science
Authors: Myroshnychenko Yu.
Published: December 2021

The article completes a series of works devoted to the study of the history of forensic tactics. The author’s vision of periodization of formation and development of this section of science is given. It is concluded that the trends of the current stage of development of forensic tactics are determined by radical changes in the evidence paradigm, based on the competitive ideology of the reformed criminal process. This poses a number of urgent tasks for scientists and practitioners, including improving the tactics of interrogation, inspection, search, presentation for identification, and the development of methods for conducting new investigative actions for our judiciary, such as simultaneous interrogation of two or more persons, investigative experiment. The whole spectrum of covert (investigative) investigative actions – an institution also still unknown to the domestic criminal process – is in dire need of tactical and forensic support.

The need to substantiate the expediency of expanding the cognitive boundaries of forensic tactics, extending its recommendations to the field of criminal proceedings is becoming more and more tangible. It is necessary to continue developing the theory of court situations, tactical decisions, tactics of judicial interrogation and other procedural actions. The problems of planning court proceedings, in particular in the aspect of ensuring the continuity of court proceedings, remain relevant and require further research on the basis of the provisions of the current legislation.

The specific activities of the investigating judge require completely new tactical developments. There is an urgent need to develop tactical recommendations on the means of ensuring criminal proceedings, overcoming the opposition to pretrial investigation and trial of criminal cases, protection of participants in criminal proceedings. Extremely important from the standpoint of current trends in criminal justice is the development of tactical and forensic recommendations to ensure judicial proceedings on the basis of procedural agreements and other special procedures of criminal proceedings (simplified, special, etc.).