bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Experimental Infection of Indigenous Climbing Perch Anabas testudineus with Aeromonas hydrophila Bacteria
Authors: Hossain M Farhad , Rahman M Mamnur , Sayed MA
Published: September 2013

The present study was conducted to know the pathogenicity and LD50 of Aeromonas hydrophila isolated from diseased climbing perch Anabas testudineus against apparently healthy homologous fish and the distribution of the bacteria in the organs of the experimentally infected fish. A total of 10 fish of average body weight of 18 g were used. For pathogenicity test, two different doses viz. 9.2 × 107 and 9.2 × 106 CFU/fish were injected intramuscularly. Pathogenicity of A. hydrophila was confirmed at water temperature of 28.53oC by the mortality of 40% to 100% of all tested fish within 4 to 9 days. The highest bacterial load was found to be 9.4 × 108 CFU/g in the intestine and the lowest bacterial load was found to be 2.8 × 103 CFU/g in the kidney of the tested fish. Four different serial concentrations, vide 9.2 × 107, 9.2 × 106, 9.2 × 105 and 9.2 × 104 CFU/fish of the bacteria were injected in each of four different groups of 10 fish. The calculated LD50 value at 27.3oC water temperature was 2 × 107 CFU/fish of 18 g of average body weight. In all the cases of intramuscular injection, external pathology was found. Reddish anal region and fin bases were observed. Injected A. hydrophila was re-isolated from liver, kidney and intestine of the challenged fish. It was understood that the isolate was a high virulent pathogen for A. testudineus.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16472 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 105-114, 2011
Cryopreservation of Sperm of Labeo rohita (Hamilton, 1822) and Its Use in Fertilization and Hatching of Eggs
Authors: Sarder MRI , Rahman AKMA , Samad MS , Nazrul KMS , Bhuiyan MKJ
Published: September 2013

Cryopreservation is one of the widely accepted and useful methods for preservation of gamete especially the spermatozoa.  Experiments were conducted to develop the protocols for cryopreservation of sperm of Labeo rohita and to assess the effect of cryopreserved sperm on fertilization and hatching. Six extenders Alsevers solution, egg-yolk citrate, urea egg-yolk, Kurokura-2, Ma and Mb and five cryoprotectants ethanol, methanol, DMSO, DMA and glycerol were employed. Diluents were prepared by mixing the cryoprotectants at 10% concentration of the extenders (% v/v). Milt and diluents were mixed at a ratio of 1:9 for Alsevers solution and Kurokura-2; and 1:4 for urea egg-yolk, egg-yolk citrate, Ma and Mb. Egg-yolk citrate with 10% DMSO showed best performance producing 85 ± 1.6% post-thaw motility followed by 83±2% and 81±2.9% with Alsevers solution and urea egg-yolk respectively. Other extenders did not produce satisfactory results. Milt was diluted at six ratios (1:2, 1:4, 1:7, 1:9, 1:15 and 1:20) and 1:4 dilution showed the highest post-thaw motility for egg-yolk citrate and urea egg-yolk and 1:9 for Alsevers solution. Six cryoprotectant concentrations (5, 7, 10, 15, 20% and 30%) were investigated and 10% concentration produced the highest post-thaw motility. In breeding trials, sperm preserved with egg-yolk citrate plus DMSO as well as Alsevers solution plus DMSO fertilized eggs and produced hatchlings. The fertilization and hatching rates were 57 ± 7% and 46.5 ± 3.5% for egg-yolk citrate, and 33.5 ± 3.5% and 27±3% for Alsevers solution respectively. Fresh sperm yielded 76 ± 4% fertilization and 70.5 ± 5.5% hatching. The protocol developed through this study can be applied for long-term conservation of genetic materials of L. rohita and the cryopreserved sperm can be used in artificial breeding for generating new individuals.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16474 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 123-137, 2011
Contract Farming in Tomato Seed Production in Rangpur District of Bangladesh: A Financial Analysis
Authors: Sarkar MAR , Rashid MHA , Sarker MR
Published: September 2013

The present study attempted to determine the contract growers costs and returns of the open pollinated tomato seed production and resource use efficiency under different categories of farmers in some selected areas of greater Rangpur district. In total 60 open pollinated tomato seed contract growers were purposively selected in consultation with BADC personnel at the categories of marginal, small and medium farmers. Total cost, gross margin, gross return, net return and benefit cost ratio (undiscounted) were estimated for financial analysis. The results revealed that per hectare total cost, gross return and net return of open pollinated tomato seed production were estimated at Tk 220313, 384000 and 163687, respectively. Benefit cost ratios came out to be 1.64, 1.74 and 1.83 for marginal, small and medium farmers, respectively which was found a bit higher for the medium open pollinated tomato seed contract growers. The Cobb-Douglas production function model was used to estimate the values of coefficient and related statistics of production function. The coefficient of human labour cost, cost of using seed, organic manure cost, fertilizer cost and irrigation charges were statistically significant. Returns to scale was found to be 1.19 and that of the value of R2 was 0.79. The marginal productivity analysis indicated that the contract growers in the study areas have failed to show their efficiency in using the resources. It was evident that timely and efficient uses of different inputs are most important to increase production and profitability of the open pollinated tomato seed contract growers. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16478 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 169-179, 2011
A Comparative Economic Analysis of Salt Tolerant Binadhan-8 and BR-28 Rice Production in Satkhira District of Bangladesh
Authors: Kana KA , Rashid MHA , Islam MM , Baree MA
Published: September 2013

This study was conducted to compare the profitability of salt tolerant Binadhan-8 and BR-28 production in coastal Satkhira district of Bangladesh. Thirty salt tolerant Binadhan8 producing farmers were purposively selected since the introduction of this paddy is new in that area. Another 30 BR-28 producing farmers were selected randomly from the farmers list obtained from the Upazila Agriculture Office. Data were collected using pre-tested structured questionnaires. Cost and return analysis as well as functional analysis were performed in this study. The results of the study revealed that per hectare total cost for Binadhan-8 was higher than BR-28 rice. Taking the production into account the total return of Binadhan-8 per hectare was higher than the total return of BR-28 rice per hectare. The sample farmer appeared to have used seeds, Urea, TSP, MP, etc. at less than the required level. Regression analysis suggests that the Binadhan-8 rice growers should limit the use of power tiller and insecticide. Contribution of these inputs to the two varieties was found to be positive but at decreasing rate for BR-28 and at increasing rate for Binadhan-8. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16481 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 203-212, 2011
A Comparative Study of Technical Efficiency of Onion Producing Farms in Bangladesh
Authors: Baree MA , Rahman MA , Rashid MHA , Alam MN , Rahman S
Published: September 2013

This paper considers the comparative study to find out the farm-specific technical efficiency of the different categories of onion producing farms in Bangladesh. Cobb-Douglas stochastic frontier production function was used to estimate the parameters by using farm-level data. Some socio-economic factors like age, education, experience and plot size were taken into account in technical inefficiency effects model. The elasticity of output with respect to land and labour were 0.2077 and 0.0809 for small farm, 0.1076 and 0.0006 for medium farm and 0.0032 and 0.2406 for large farm respectively and with respect to seed, it was - 0.0089, 0.0015 and -0.0008 for small, medium and large farms respectively and with respect to irrigation, it was -0.0062, 0.3014 and 0.0721 for small, medium and large farms respectively and with respect to capital cost, it was 0.2089, -0.0072 and 0.1376 for small, medium and large farms respectively. The coefficients of age were found to be expected negative sign in small and medium farms and it was positive sign for large farm. The coefficients of experience were significant with negative sign in small and medium farms. The coefficients of education were negative in small and medium farms and it was positive for large farm. The coefficients of plot size were insignificant with positive sign in small farm. The coefficients of plot size were found to be significant with negative value in medium and large farms. The farm-specific technical efficiencies of onion producing small, medium and large farms varied from 55 per cent to 99 per cent, 57 per cent to 99 per cent and 56 per cent to 99 per cent with a mean technical efficiency of 77 per cent, 87 per cent and 84 per cent respectively, which meant that without incurring any additional costs there was a scope to increase output per hectare of onion by 23 per cent, 13 per cent and 16 per cent for small, medium and large farms respectively through the efficient use of existing production technology. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16482 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 213-221, 2011
Profitability of Alternate Farming Systems in Dingapota Haor Area of Netrokona District
Authors: Islam Syful , Uddin Md Taj , Rahman Masuka , Haque M Azadul
Published: September 2013

The study was conducted at Dingapota Haor under Mohongonj Upazila in Netrakona District during April 2011 to March 2012 to examine the profitability of individual farming systems namely crop-livestock-poultryfishcatching (C-LP- FC), crop-livestock-fish catching-labour selling (C-L-FC-LS), fish catching labour selling (FC-LS), crop-livestock (C-L), crop-livestock-fish catching (C-L-FC) and crop-livestock-poultry (C-L-P). A total of 60 farm households under six farming systems were selected that analyzed the level of input used in different enterprises. The results showed that the highest net return of C-L-FC farming system was Tk. 119214 and lowest for C-L-P farming system which was Tk. 25131.The estimated total costs of C-L-P-FC, C-L-FC-LS, C-L, C-L-FC and C-L-P farming systems were Tk. 287959, 304430, 62316, 255624, 322654 and Tk. 241354 respectively. Again for C-L-P-FC, C-L-FC-LS, FC-LS and C-L farming systems, the net returns were Tk. 66238, 107578, 74673 and 42967 respectively. Among the farming systems, C-L-FC produced the highest gross margin of Tk. 424859 and CL- P produced the lowest which was Tk. 266486. The benefit cost ratio of all the farming systems was more than 1 which indicates that all of these were profitable. The gross margin, net return and BCR for C-L-FC farming system was reasonably high and the system earned positive management income indicating that the farming systems were economically viable even under all possible full cost assumptions. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/pa.v22i1-2.16483 Progress. Agric. 22(1 & 2): 223-239, 2011
Compounding and its locus of realization: Evidence from Greek and Turkish
Authors: Ralli Angela
Published: September 2013

This article deals with the locus of realization and the grammatical nature of compounds. First, it suggests that a proper delineation of compounding should be given on formal grounds and that an approach relying on pure semantics is misleading. Second, it proposes that the diversity of views for defining compounding and the variety of theoretical approaches that are put forward for the analysis of compounds are highly dependent on the data under examination. Third, it defends the position that compounding cuts across two grammatical domains, morphology and syntax, assuming that they are distinct structure-building modules. On the basis of their structural properties, compounds can be distinguished into morphological objects and phrasal units bearing an atomic status, depending on the language one deals with. The first category includes compounds resulting from morphological rules (or templates/schemas), and involves units specific to morphology; the second category contains phrasal compounds, which are semi-visible to syntax, but their structure is derived in syntax, in that it is not based on morphologically-proper units and is not the product of morphological rules or templates. Claims and proposals are illustrated with data drawn from two genetically and typologically distinct languages, Modern Greek and Turkish, which significantly diverge as far as their compound formation is concerned.
The Resilience of Music Copyrights: Technological Innovation, Copyright Disputes and Legal Amendments Concerning the Distribution of Music
Authors: Albinsson Staffan
Published: September 2013

The introduction of the Internet and the convenient, although often illicit, file-sharing of copyrighted artistic products which it made possible has put Intellectual Property Right/IPR laws under stress. It is not the first and possibly not the last time that this phenomenon has occurred in connection with a technological shift. This paper contains a short history of the fundamentals of the processes which led to the incorporation of new means of distribution of artistic products in the Intellectual Property Rights regulations. It starts with music printing technology in Venice around the year 1500. It takes a leap to the recording devices of four centuries later. Via the introduction of broadcast devices, it ends with the blank media levies. The paper describes the events in the countries that created the first legal documents for these four types of technological inventions. Arguments pro and con IPR law differ but stakeholder positions remain the same.
Bacillus simplex—A Little Known PGPB with Anti-Fungal Activity—Alters Pea Legume Root Architecture and Nodule Morphology When Coinoculated with Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae
Authors: Schwartz Allison , Ortiz Irma , Maymon Maskit , Herbold Craig , Fujishige Nancy , Vijanderan Janahan , Villella William , Hanamoto Kayoko , Diener Andrew , Sanders Erin , DeMason Darleen , Hirsch Ann
Published: September 2013

Two strains, 30N-5 and 30VD-1, identified as Bacillus simplex and B. subtilis, were isolated from the rhizospheres of two different plants, a Podocarpus and a palm, respectively, growing in the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Mildred E. Mathias Botanical Garden. B. subtilis is a well-known plant-growth promoting bacterial species, but B. simplex is not. B. simplex 30N-5 was initially isolated on a nitrogen-free medium, but no evidence for nitrogen fixation was found. Nevertheless, pea plants inoculated with B. simplex showed a change in root architecture due to the emergence of more lateral roots. When Pisum sativum carrying a DR5::GUSA construct, an indicator for auxin response, was inoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or its symbiont Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, GUS expression in the roots was increased over the uninoculated controls. Moreover, when pea roots were coinoculated with either B. simplex 30N-5 or B. subtilis 30VD-1 and R. leguminosarum bv. viciae 128C53, the nodules were larger, clustered, and developed more highly branched vascular bundles. Besides producing siderophores and solubilizing phosphate, the two Bacillus spp., especially strain 30VD-1, exhibited anti-fungal activity towards Fusarium. Our data show that combining nodulating, nitrogen-fixing rhizobia with growth-promoting bacteria enhances plant development and strongly supports a coinoculation strategy to improve nitrogen fixation, increase biomass, and establish greater resistance to fungal disease.
Copy Number Variation in Hereditary Non-Polyposis Colorectal Cancer
Authors: Masson Amy , Talseth-Palmer Bente , Evans Tiffany-Jane , Grice Desma , Duesing Konsta , Hannan Garry , Scott Rodney
Published: September 2013

Hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) is the commonest form of inherited colorectal cancer (CRC) predisposition and by definition describes families which conform to the Amsterdam Criteria or reiterations thereof. In ~50% of patients adhering to the Amsterdam criteria germline variants are identified in one of four DNA Mismatch repair (MMR) genes MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 and PMS2. Loss of function of any one of these genes results in a failure to repair DNA errors occurring during replication which can be most easily observed as DNA microsatellite instability (MSI)—a hallmark feature of this disease. The remaining 50% of patients without a genetic diagnosis of disease may harbour more cryptic changes within or adjacent to MLH1, MSH2, MSH6 or PMS2 or elsewhere in the genome. We used a high density cytogenetic array to screen for deletions or duplications in a series of patients, all of whom adhered to the Amsterdam/Bethesda criteria, to determine if genomic re-arrangements could account for a proportion of patients that had been shown not to harbour causative mutations as assessed by standard diagnostic techniques. The study has revealed some associations between copy number variants (CNVs) and HNPCC mutation negative cases and further highlights difficulties associated with CNV analysis.
Isolation and Characterization of Squamous Cell Carcinoma-Derived Stem-like Cells: Role in Tumor Formation
Authors: Dallaglio Katiuscia , Petrachi Tiziana , Marconi Alessandra , Truzzi Francesca , Lotti Roberta , Saltari Annalisa , Morandi Paolo , Puviani Mario , Maiorana Antonino , Roop Dennis , Pincelli Carlo
Published: September 2013

In human epidermis, keratinocyte stem cells (KSC) are characterized by high levels of β1-integrin, resulting in the rapid adhesion to type IV collagen. Since epithelial tumors originate from KSC, we evaluated the features of rapidly adhering (RAD) keratinocytes derived from primary human squamous cell carcinoma of the skin (cSCC). RAD cells expressed higher levels of survivin, a KSC marker, as compared to non-rapidly adhering (NRAD) cells. Moreover, RAD cells proliferated to a greater extent and were more efficient in forming colonies than NRAD cells. RAD cells also migrated significantly better than NRAD cells. When seeded in a silicone chamber and grafted onto the back skin of NOD SCID mice, RAD cells formed tumors 2–4 fold bigger than those derived from NRAD cells. In tumors derived from RAD cells, the mitotic index was significantly higher than in those derived from NRAD cells, while Ki-67 and survivin expression were more pronounced in RAD tumors. This study suggests that SCC RAD stem cells play a critical role in the formation and development of epithelial tumors.
Rapid Collection of Biospecimens by Automated Identification of Patients Eligible for Pharmacoepigenetic Studies
Authors: Sun Yan , Davis Robert
Published: September 2013

Epigenetics plays an important role in regulating gene expression, and can be modified by environmental factors and physiological conditions. Studying epigenetics is a promising approach to potentially improving the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of human diseases, and to providing personalized medical care. However, the role of epigenetics in the development of diseases is not clear because epigenetic markers may be both mediators and outcomes of human diseases. It is particularly complicated to study pharmacoepigenetics, as medication use may modify the epigenetic profile. To address the challenges facing pharmacoepigenetic research of human diseases, we developed a novel design to rapidly identify, contact, and recruit participants and collect specimens for longitudinal studies of pharmacoepigenetics. Using data in real-time from electronic medical record systems, we can identify patients recently start on new medications and who also have a blood test. Prior to disposal of the leftover blood by the clinical laboratory, we are able to contact and recruit these patients, enabling us to use both their leftover baseline blood sample as well as leftover specimens at future tests. With treatment-naïve and follow-up specimens, this system is able to study both epigenetic markers associated with disease without treatment effect as well as treatment-related epigenetic changes.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Approaches in the Study of 2-Oxo Acid Dehydrogenase Multienzyme Complexes—A Literature Review
Authors: Kumaran Sowmini , Patel Mulchand , Jordan Frank
Published: September 2013

The 2-oxoacid dehydrogenase complexes (ODHc) consist of multiple copies of three enzyme components: E1, a 2-oxoacid decarboxylase; E2, dihydrolipoyl acyl-transferase; and E3, dihydrolipoyl dehydrogenase, that together catalyze the oxidative decarboxylation of 2-oxoacids, in the presence of thiamin diphosphate (ThDP), coenzyme A (CoA), Mg2+ and NAD+, to generate CO2, NADH and the corresponding acyl-CoA. The structural scaffold of the complex is provided by E2, with E1 and E3 bound around the periphery. The three principal members of the family are pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDHc), 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase (OGDHc) and branched-chain 2-oxo acid dehydrogenase (BCKDHc). In this review, we report application of NMR-based approaches to both mechanistic and structural issues concerning these complexes. These studies revealed the nature and reactivity of transient intermediates on the enzymatic pathway and provided site-specific information on the architecture and binding specificity of the domain interfaces using solubilized truncated domain constructs of the multi-domain E2 component in its interactions with the E1 and E3 components. Where studied, NMR has also provided information about mobile loops and the possible relationship of mobility and catalysis.
Macrocyclic Pyridyl Polyoxazoles: Structure-Activity Studies of the Aminoalkyl Side-Chain on G-Quadruplex Stabilization and Cytotoxic Activity
Authors: Blankson Gifty , Rzuczek Suzanne , Bishop Cody , Pilch Daniel , Liu Angela , Liu Leroy , LaVoie Edmond , Rice Joseph
Published: September 2013

Pyridyl polyoxazoles are 24-membered macrocyclic lactams comprised of a pyridine, four oxazoles and a phenyl ring. A derivative having a 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl chain attached to the 5-position of the phenyl ring was recently identified as a selective G-quadruplex stabilizer with excellent cytotoxic activity, and good in vivo anticancer activity against a human breast cancer xenograft in mice. Here we detail the synthesis of eight new dimethylamino-substituted pyridyl polyoxazoles in which the point of attachment to the macrocycle, as well as the distance between the amine and the macrocycle are varied. Each compound was evaluated for selective G-quadruplex stabilization and cytotoxic activity. The more active analogs have the amine either directly attached to, or separated from the phenyl ring by two methylene groups. There is a correlation between those macrocycles that are effective ligands for the stabilization of G-quadruplex DNA (DTtran 15.5–24.6 °C) and cytotoxicity as observed in the human tumor cell lines, RPMI 8402 (IC50 0.06–0.50 μM) and KB3-1 (IC50 0.03–0.07 μM). These are highly selective G-quadruplex stabilizers, which should prove especially useful for evaluating both in vitro and in vivo mechanism(s) of biological activity associated with G-quaqdruplex ligands.
Structural Correlation of Some Heterocyclic Chalcone Analogues and Evaluation of Their Antioxidant Potential
Authors: Kumar C. , Loh Wan-Sin , Ooi Chin , Quah Ching , Fun Hoong-Kun
Published: September 2013

A series of six novel heterocyclic chalcone analogues 4(a–f) has been synthesized by condensing 2-acetyl-5-chlorothiophene with benzaldehyde derivatives in methanol at room temperature using a catalytic amount of sodium hydroxide. The newly synthesized compounds are characterized by IR, mass spectra, elemental analysis and melting point. Subsequently; the structures of these compounds were determined using single crystal X-ray diffraction. All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antioxidant potential by employing various in vitro models such as DPPH free radical scavenging assay, ABTS radical scavenging assay, ferric reducing antioxidant power and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity. Results reflect the structural impact on the antioxidant ability of the compounds. The IC50 values illustrate the mild to good antioxidant activities of the reported compounds. Among them, 4f with a p-methoxy substituent was found to be more potent as antioxidant agent.
Simple and Rapid Determination of Ferulic Acid Levels in Food and Cosmetic Samples Using Paper-Based Platforms
Authors: Tee-ngam Prinjaporn , Nunant Namthip , Rattanarat Poomrat , Siangproh Weena , Chailapakul Orawon
Published: September 2013

Ferulic acid is an important phenolic antioxidant found in or added to diet supplements, beverages, and cosmetic creams. Two designs of paper-based platforms for the fast, simple and inexpensive evaluation of ferulic acid contents in food and pharmaceutical cosmetics were evaluated. The first, a paper-based electrochemical device, was developed for ferulic acid detection in uncomplicated matrix samples and was created by the photolithographic method. The second, a paper-based colorimetric device was preceded by thin layer chromatography (TLC) for the separation and detection of ferulic acid in complex samples using a silica plate stationary phase and an 85:15:1 (v/v/v) chloroform: methanol: formic acid mobile phase. After separation, ferulic acid containing section of the TLC plate was attached onto the patterned paper containing the colorimetric reagent and eluted with ethanol. The resulting color change was photographed and quantitatively converted to intensity. Under the optimal conditions, the limit of detection of ferulic acid was found to be 1 ppm and 7 ppm (S/N = 3) for first and second designs, respectively, with good agreement with the standard HPLC-UV detection method. Therefore, these methods can be used for the simple, rapid, inexpensive and sensitive quantification of ferulic acid in a variety of samples.
Fast and Sensitive Detection of Pb2+ in Foods Using Disposable Screen-Printed Electrode Modified by Reduced Graphene Oxide
Authors: Jian Jin-Ming , Liu Yan-Yan , Zhang Ye-Lei , Guo Xi-Shan , Cai Qiang
Published: September 2013

In this study, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was electrochemically deposited on the surface of screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) to prepare a disposable sensor for fast detection of Pb2+ in foods. The SEM images showed that the rGO was homogeneously deposited onto the electrode surface with a wrinkled nanostructure, which provided 2D bridges for electron transport and a larger active area for Pb2+ adsorption. Results showed that rGO modification enhanced the activity of the electrode surface, and significantly improved the electrochemical properties of SPCE. The rGO modified SPCE (rGO-SPCE) was applied to detect Pb2+ in standard aqueous solution, showing a sharp stripping peak and a relatively constant peak potential in square wave anodic stripping voltammetry (SWASV). The linear range for Pb2+ detection was 5~200 ppb (R2 = 0.9923) with a low detection limit of 1 ppb (S/N = 3). The interference of Cd2+ and Cu2+ at low concentrations was effectively avoided. Finally, the rGO-SPCE was used for determination of lead in real tap water, juice, preserved eggs and tea samples. Compared with results from graphite furnace atomic absorption spectroscopy (GFAAS), the results based on rGO-SPCE were both accurate and reliable, suggesting that the disposable sensor has great potential in application for fast, sensitive and low-cost detection of Pb2+ in foods.
Un tournant dans l’histoire de la galerie : les hôtels parisiens de la fin du XIVe siècle
Authors: Guillaume Jean
Published: September 2013

Die mit einem Wohnbau verbundenen und mit Kamin ausgestatteten Zimmer-Galerien, die in der zweiten Hälfte des 15. Jahrhunderts eines der wesentlichen Merkmale des großen französischen Herrenhauses werden, erscheinen wohl erstmals ein Jahrhundert zuvor. Unter den wenigen bekannten Beispielen finden sich die signifikantesten und für die Zukunft wichtigsten in Paris, in den beiden durch den Herzog von Berry (Hôtel de Nesle) und den Herzog von Bourbon am Ende des 14. Jahrhunderts neu errichteten Hôtels. Im ersteren errichtet der Herzog gegen 1391 im rechten Winkel zu den bereits bestehenden Wohngebäuden entlang der Umfassungsmauer einen enormen Galeriebau von über 125 m Länge. Im zweiten, das zum selben Zeitpunkt erbaut wurde, und in dem die Galerie wohl von Anfang an vorgesehen war, bildet diese die Längsseite eines rechteckigen Hofes, der hinten vom Wohngebäude und links von einem großen Saal gesäumt wird. Diese Art der Anlage findet sich nach 1460 in den Schlössern wieder.
La galerie de portraits de l’hôtel de la Reine (hôtel de Soissons)
Authors: Zvereva Alexandra
Published: September 2013

Pour Catherine de Médicis, disposer d’une galerie semble être devenu une nécessité depuis qu’en sa qualité de reine mère elle pouvait y prétendre. Et c’est par la galerie que débuta la construction de son hôtel parisien (Hôtel de la Reine puis de Soissons), démoli au XVIIIe siècle, et dont la reconstitution s’avère difficile car les sources documentaires et iconographiques sont rares et imprécises. Seuls deux inventaires de 1589 et 1604 et les devis des années 1580 permettent ainsi d’imaginer son aménagement intérieur, ainsi que le décor de la galerie. Cette pièce privée de près de 40 m de longueur sur 5 m de large terminait le logis de Catherine et abritait 55 grandes peintures sur toile de la famille de France depuis François Ier et de ses alliés navarrais et étrangers. Enchâssés dans les lambris dorés, accompagnés par des devises en vers, ces portraits obéissaient à un programme politique particulièrement complexe inspiré des galeries publiques tel le décor éphémère crée en 1558 par Jodelle pour l’Hôtel de ville de Paris, puisqu’ayant le même but : magnifier la dynastie des Valois.
La galerie de l’hôtel Lambert : la part du peintre et celle de l’architecte
Authors: Penaud-Lambert Blanche
Published: September 2013

The gallery of the Hôtel Lambert, which has a vaulted ceiling painted by Charles Le Brun in the 1650s, is a sumptuous affair, a beautiful conception with harmoniously painted, sculpted and gilt elements that suggest an overall design. Who was the author ? Was it Le Brun, who would have demonstrated here, before Vaux, the Louvre, and Versailles, his multi-faceted talent as master of the works ? What then is the contribution of the architect, Louis Le Vau, who built the hôtel ? In the absence of any documents relating to the gallery, the hypotheses proposed in this article are based essentially on stylistic analysis. The traits that one can attribute to the architect are noted in the structure of the gallery and the architectural decoration, as are those characteristic of the artist in the painting of the illusionistic vault, especially the quadratura, where care is taken to integrate the architectural design and unify the decorative programme.
"Ricas mieles y buen café", le café dans la chanson populaire du pourtour caraïbe
Authors: Gilard Jacques
Published: September 2013

La canción popular concede al cafeto menos importancia que a la caña de azúcar, y al café menos que al ron o al aguardiente. Pero el café preserva una imagen identificadora en el imaginario colectivo, aunque sea en las regiones que no lo producen o dejaron de producirlo donde más se le exalta. Persiste la convicción de que el cafeto y su producto significan trabajo sano y prosperidad.
Los paisajes sociales del café. Reflexiones comparadas
Authors: Samper Mario
Published: September 2013

Bases para una interpretación histórica de los contenidos sociales de la actividad cafetalera en Centroamérica. Diferencias entre los procesos de los países del istmo, diferencias regionales dentro de los procesos nacionales, parecidos entre regiones por encima de las fronteras. Aparición tardía de la caficultura hondurena.
Le rendez-vous annuel du caféiculteur et de l'Indien. Culture du café et identités culturelles dans une grande plantation du Guatemala
Authors: de Suremain Charles-Edouard
Published: September 2013

La cosecha en una finca cafetalera de Guatemala. El finquero se vale de los prejuicios étnicos e incluso de los conflictos laborales para controlar a los recolectores. Complejidad del juego de identidades y representaciones.
El café y el despegue de la agricultura comercial en la montaña puertorriqueña (1855-1928)
Authors: Picó Fernando
Published: September 2013

La difícil historia de los cafetales puertorriqueños, desde el siglo 18 hasta el siglo 20. Una época de prosperidad relativa enmarcada en dos largos períodos de incertidumbres y dificultades.
Le café de San Marcos dans la littérature cubaine du XIXe siècle
Authors: Guicharnaud-Tollis Michèle
Published: September 2013

En Cuba, la producción de café empieza a derrumbarse a partir de 1830. En la literatura insular del siglo XIX, sin embargo, el café de San Marcos (región occidental de la Vueltabajo, cerca de La Habana) se configura como un elemento esencial de la vida rural, y la evocación de los cafetales del "jardín de la Isla" cuaja en un edén mítico cuya representación se mantiene íntegra en la memoria colectiva cubana.
ESTIMATING THE GEOPOTENTIAL VALUE W0 OF THE LOCAL GEOID BASED ON DATA FROM LOCAL AND GLOBAL NORMAL HEIGHTS OF GPS/LEVELING POINTS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Hoa Ha Minh
Published: September 2013

Currently, the determination of geopotential value W0 of local geoid that best fits local mean sea level at the Zero Tide Gauge Station is getting important in building the National Geoid-Based Vertical System. Ha Minh Hoa (2007) and Kotsakis et al. (2012) recommended a method, which estimates the geopotential value W0 of local geoid at the Zero Tide Gauge Station based on equations of relation between the local and global normal heights or between the local and global height anomalies at GPS/leveling points regularly located on the whole territory. The objective of this paper is to determine conditions for estimating the geopotential value W0 of local geoid at the Zero Tide Gauge Station accomplished for whole territory of Vietnam.
THE REGISTRATION OF POINT CLOUD DATA FROM RANGE IMAGING CAMERA
Authors: Altuntas Cihan , Yildiz Ferruh
Published: September 2013

The measurement and 3D modelling techniques have been evolved as parallel technological improvements. Every new technique provides an opportunity for low-cost and fast measurements. The latest method for 3D measurement is the range imaging (RIM) camera. The new period in photogrammetry and 3D modelling applications has begun with the RIM cameras, and it has brought new research areas for scientists. The measurement capabilities, accuracies and application areas of RIM cameras have been increased by the time. In this study, the registration of point cloud data of RIM camera was investigated to perform 3D modelling task.
Moissonner le champ scientifique
Authors: Roger Antoine
Published: September 2013

L’article vise à éclairer les modalités selon lesquelles des firmes multinationales engagées dans le secteur de l’agrochimie peuvent orienter la recherche académique et obtenir qu’elle contribue à la promotion de l’agriculture intensive. À partir d’une enquête concentrée sur le cas de la Roumanie, un démenti est apporté à l’explication commune qui attribue l’enrôlement des chercheurs à la seule force d’attraction des nouvelles sources de financement. Une lecture alternative est proposée qui met en évidence le caractère structurant des divisions observées dans le champ scientifique. L’agronomie roumaine est le terrain de rapports de force qui résultent d’une combinaison entre les trajectoires suivies sous le régime communiste et l’intégration à réseaux de recherche internationaux. Les chercheurs de l’Académie des sciences agricoles et sylvicoles et ceux des Universités de sciences agricoles et de médecine vétérinaire occupent des positions nettement différenciées. De violentes luttes de classement en résultent. Les entreprises agrochimiques les entretiennent en fournissant aux uns et aux autres les moyens d’affermir leurs arguments. En contrepartie, tous en arrivent à disqualifier la petite propriété parcellaire et à légitimer la construction de grandes fermes tournées vers l’agriculture intensive.
Interprétation et narcissisme
Authors: Bayle Gérard
Published: September 2013

Les conditions de mise en place du cadre analytique prédisposent à l’arraisonnement du transfert selon la configuration du site analytique. Le négatif du transfert en reçoit toutes ses possibilités d’émergence. Ainsi l’analyste peut-il envisager d’en interpréter les occurrences si, et seulement si, le narcissisme du patient peut affronter la désillusion qui découle de l’interprétation ; perte de maîtrise de ses fantasmes omnipotents ; travail psychique de leur perte ; travail de deuil. L’évaluation de la solidité narcissique dépend d’appréciations conscientes de l’analyste, formes émergées d’un ensemble inconscient plus vaste relevant de la qualité des liens entre le transfert de base et le contre-transfert qui y répond. Ainsi est-il possible de différer une interprétation qui semblerait s’imposer par son évidence mais qui pourrait être trop précoce compte tenu de la qualité du narcissisme du patient. Trois exemples cliniques en sont donnés.
L'analyse et rien d'autre !
Authors: Baldacci Jean-Louis
Published: September 2013

À partir du texte de C. Chabert « La belle freudienne », il s’agit d’interroger les incidences contre-transférentielles d’une indication d’analyse portée par une intime conviction. Le rapprochement entre conviction et potentialité mélancolique conduit, en référence à Freud et particulièrement au texte « Une névrose diabolique au xvii e  siècle », à la nécessité d’une « trahison » par la parole. La « trahison », en permettant une ouverture tiercéisante, ouvre un espace de rencontre entre parole associative et parole interprétative : elle remet en circulation une parole symbolisante.
Interpréter le délire : sens et contre-sens
Authors: Kapsambelis Vassilis
Published: September 2013

Il convient de distinguer le délire et les hallucinations entrant dans le cadre de l’onirisme, compréhensibles sur le modèle du rêve, et celles des psychoses chroniques. Dans ces dernières, le délire et les hallucinations mettent en scène un objet actuel, objet de la perception, qui reste totalement étranger au sujet, tout en le choisissant comme objet d’investissement ; elles concrétisent la difficulté pour le patient psychotique de prendre en compte l’altérité de l’objet et donc, de se concevoir soi-même comme objet du désir de l’autre. Dans ces situations, l’interprétation du délire est comprise comme interprétation concernant l’objet, et non pas le sujet, le thérapeute se substituant à cet objet ; elle conduit à des contresens mettant en péril la relation thérapeutique.
Les fondements des concepts de base de la métapsychologie freudienne chez Winnicott ?
Authors: Girard Martine
Published: September 2013

Dans un article récent, Fulgencio montre comment Winnicott a rejeté les concepts fondamentaux de la métapsychologie – pulsion, appareil psychique et libido – pour les remplacer par des concepts non spéculatifs en faveur d’une théorisation factuelle. Sont examinés ici quelques concepts winnicottiens suggérant qu’il n’a pas remplacé, mais fondé la métapsychologie sur des faits : la double dépendance de l’enfant par rapport aux soins. Freud n’a jamais méconnu la nécessité des soins maternels précoces, mais les considère comme allant de soi. En différenciant besoin du ça et besoin du moi, relation au ça et relation au moi, mère-objet et mère-environnement, Winnicott théorise ce que Freud tenait pour acquis : la fonction du holding comme cadre des expériences pulsionnelles et la fonction de présentation de l’objet comme condition de l’épreuve de réalité. De plus, avec le clivage des éléments féminins et masculins il est aussi capable d’une théorisation hautement spéculative visant à distinguer deux principes : l’être et le faire. Et s’il refuse effectivement l’instinct de mort, c’est dans la continuité de sa théorisation de la double dépendance. Ainsi l’auteur suggère que Winnicott n’a pas tant rejeté les concepts métapsychologiques que théorisé les conditions de leur utilisation et celles de la topique de l’intrapsychique.
Une formation syndicale dans la Guinée de Sékou Touré : l'université ouvrière africaine, 1960-1965
Authors: Blum Françoise
Published: September 2013

L’Université Ouvrière Africaine est une expérience de formation syndicale, destinée aux cadres ou futurs cadres syndicaux. Cet article en propose une histoire. Il s’intéresse à des stagiaires venus de divers pays africains, ainsi qu’aux enseignements dispensés et à leur réception. L’histoire de cette école, financée par la communiste Fédération syndicale mondiale (FSM) et dirigée par le militant cégétiste Maurice Gastaud, offre un prisme de lecture favorable pour mieux comprendre la Guinée des années 1960 ainsi que, plus généralement, les stratégies de guerre froide sur le continent africain. L’école participe aussi d’une diffusion mondialisée des pratiques et savoirs militants, ainsi que de leur réception, dans une Afrique qui n’a pas toujours choisi entre l’Est et l’Ouest.
Counting People Using Blobs and Contours
Authors: Subdurally Shafraz , Dya Devin , Pudaruth Sameerchand
Published: September 2013

Counting the number of people in public locations has become imperative in surveillance applications for the good management of public space. The automatic counting of people can indeed help carry out the above tasks better and faster. In this paper, the authors propose two systems for counting people from images. Their proposed methods are based on the observation that heads are significantly more visible than any other features and are thus more easily distinguishable. The proposed systems use blobs and contour detection respectively to count the number of people. The results obtained from each system are very reliable. The average head detection rate of the systems is 82 and 84 percent respectively.
The T-Sat1 Nanosatellite Design and Implementation Through a Team of Teams
Authors: Kinsner Witold , Schor Dario , Fazel-Darbandi Reza , Cade Brendan , Anderson Kane , Friesen Cody , McKay Scott , Kotelko Diane , Ferguson Philip
Published: September 2013

It is very challenging to design complex machines and systems that operate in very difficult remote locations, under largely unknown or uncertain conditions. Specifications for such systems must be extremely detailed and extensive, with input from professionals who have designed such systems before, and who gained considerable experience from their operations. Since much of the operating environment is not known in advance, cognitive informatics and computing should play a critical role in such design and operation. This paper describes such a complex system, the T-Sat1 nanosatellite, including its characteristics, its mission, subsystems, as well as the development of specifications, protocols for verification, testing, launch, early operating procedures, and concepts for nominal operations. Particular attention is given to the formation and maintenance of a team of teams, with a multitude of their interactions. The design teams must focus on the satellite subsystems, assembly, integration and testing. The teams of advisors (from academia, aerospace and other industries, business, military, government, and other organizations such as the radio community) must focus on optimal assistance provided to the corresponding design teams.
Neuroinformatics Models of Human Memory
Authors: Wang Yingxu
Published: September 2013

The human brain is a superbly marvelous and extremely complicated neurophysiological structure for generating natural intelligence that transforms cognitive information into colorful behaviors. The brain is the most complex and interesting objects in nature that requires rigorous scientific investigations by multidisciplinary methodologies and via transdisciplinary approaches where only low-level studies could not explain it. A fundamental problem and difficulty in contemporary brain science is the indistinguishable confusion of the cognitive mechanisms and neurophysiological structures of the kernel brain and its memories. This paper presents a set of formal neuroinformatics models of memory and a rigorous mapping between the cognitive functions of memory and their neurophysiological structures. The neurophysiological foundations of memory are rigorously described based on comprehensive cognitive models of memory. The cognitive architecture of human memory and its relationship to the intelligence power of the brain are logically analyzed. The cognitive roles of memory allocated in both cerebrum and cerebellum are revealed by mapping the functional models of memory onto corresponding neurophysiological structures of the brain. As a result, fundamental properties of memory and knowledge as well as their neurophysiological forms in the brain are systematically explained.
Genotype-Dependent Effects of TGF-β1 on Mast Cell Function: Targeting the Stat5 Pathway
Authors: Fernando Josephine , Faber Travis W. , Pullen Nicholas A. , Falanga Yves T. , Kolawole Elizabeth Motunrayo , Oskeritzian Carole A. , Barnstein Brian O. , Bandara Geethani , Li Geqiang , Schwartz Lawrence B. , Spiegel Sarah , Straus David B. , Conrad Daniel H. , Bunting Kevin D. , Ryan John J.
Published: September 2013

We previously demonstrated that TGF-β1 suppresses IgE-mediated signaling in human and mouse mast cells in vitro, an effect that correlated with decreased expression of the high-affinity IgE receptor, FcεRI. The in vivo effects of TGF-β1 and the means by which it suppresses mast cells have been less clear. This study shows that TGF-β1 suppresses FcεRI and c-Kit expression in vivo. By examining changes in cytokine production concurrent with FcεRI expression, we found that TGF-β1 suppresses TNF production independent of FcεRI levels. Rather, IgE-mediated signaling was altered. TGF-β1 significantly reduced expression of Fyn and Stat5, proteins critical for cytokine induction. These changes may partly explain the effects of TGF-β1, because Stat5B overexpression blocked TGF-mediated suppression of IgE-induced cytokine production. We also found that Stat5B is required for mast cell migration toward stem cell factor, and that TGF-β1 reduced this migration. We found evidence that genetic background may alter TGF responses. TGF-β1 greatly reduced mast cell numbers in Th1-prone C57BL/6, but not Th2-prone 129/Sv mice. Furthermore, TGF-β1 did not suppress IgE-induced cytokine release and did increase c-Kit–mediated migration in 129/Sv mast cells. These data correlated with high basal Fyn and Stat5 expression in 129/Sv cells, which was not reduced by TGF-β1 treatment. Finally, primary human mast cell populations also showed variable sensitivity to TGF-β1–mediated changes in Stat5 and IgE-mediated IL-6 secretion. We propose that TGF-β1 regulates mast cell homeostasis, and that this feedback suppression may be dependent on genetic context, predisposing some individuals to atopic disease.