bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Climate Change Impact on the use of Plastic Products Among Agro-Marketers and Horticultural Enterprises in Calabar Agricultural Zone of Cross River State
Authors: Etim Ofem Usang , Effiong John Ben , Okoi Kennedy Obu , Ntui Oliver Effiong
Published: August 2023

The study assessed climate change impact on the use of plastic products among agro-marketers and horticultural enterprises in Calabar agricultural zone of Cross River State. A Structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The study adopted the multistage sampling procedure to select a total of 200 respondents from agro-market and horticultural enterprises. Results show that climate change influenced the socioeconomic characteristics of respondents by; increasing their labour ( = 2.7), enhancing their membership into professional, cooperative, market or farm organization ( =2.53) and improved their knowledge through plastic and climate change awareness ( = 2.47). Climate change influenced agro-market enterprises through payment of carbon emission tax ( = 2.94), increase the cost of packaged goods due to unfavourable plastic policies (2.92) and increase in the release of harmful chemicals from plastic waste due to higher temperature to the environment (2.75). Recommendations advocated improvement in the level of climate change awareness on the use of plastic products for agro- marketers and horticulturists in the study area in order to reduce the severe impact of climate change on products in plastic packages. Also, that the production of plastic products be monitored by government agencies to ensure a total removal or lowest rate of incorporation of hazardous chemicals that are easily influenced by the climate to alter the quality of products in plastics.
Seasonal Variability of Air Quality Index (AQI), Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) and Weather Parameters of Minna Town, Niger State, Nigeria
Authors: P. Nwaerema , Fred-Nwagwu W. F. , N. Jiya S. , Liman H. M. , K. Dangana , Adama C.K. , Olubadewo-Joshua O.
Published: August 2023

This study investigated seasonal variability of Air Quality Index (AQI), Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) and weather parameters of Minna Town, Niger State, Nigeria. The study used secondary climatic data from IQ Air Earth (https://www.iqair.com/earth?nav) used for air quality monitoring and compared them with multiple sources such as real-time data from governments. The findings indicated that dry season had maximum of 137 AQI value and minimum of 64 AQI. Dry season had maximum Particulate Matter [PM2.5] value of 20.1µg/m3 and minimum value of 7.1µg/m3 with a range value of 13µg/m3 and the wet season had maximum Particulate Matter [PM 2.5 ] value of 19.1 µg/m 3 and minimum of 10.1µg/m 3 with a range of 9µg/m 3 . Temperature had maximum value of 29 0 C and minimum value of 23 0 C with a range of 6 0 C during the dry season and wet season temperature had maximum value of 28 0 C and minimum value of 21 0 C with a range of 7 0 C. During the wet season, humidity had maximum value of 97% and minimum value of 72% with a range of 25% and in the dry season, humidity had maximum value of 89% and minimum value of 67% with a range of 22%. Thus, during the dry season, wind speed had maximum value of 11.2Km/h and minimum value of 5.7Km/h with a range of 5.5Km/h and in the wet season, wind speed had maximum value of 8.1Km/h and minimum value of 2.6Km/h with a range of 5.5Km/h. During the wet season air pressure had maximum value of 1015mb and minimum value of 1009mb with a range of 6mb. While during the dry season, air pressure had maximum value of 1014mb and minimum value of 1011mb with a range of 3mb. It is recommended that government and private partners should set-up functional weather stations and individuals should limit outdoor activities during harsh weather periods.
O Jornal A Família e o debate sobre o voto feminino nos primeiros anos da República brasileira
Authors: Candeloro Campoi Isabela
Published: August 2023

A luta pelo direito de votar foi a principal pauta da chamada primeira onda feminista, que no contexto de instalação da República no Brasil teve no jornal A Famíliadirigido por Josefi-na Álvares de Azevedo (1851 -? ) importante veículo de reivindicação. O objetivo deste artigo é analisar as edições publicadas entre 1888 e 1890, verificar o papel da imprensa naquele período e problematizar o rol de argumentos levantados pelo jornal em defesa do sufrágio universal. Pa-ra tal abordagem, evidenciou-se o papel social das mulheres no Brasil do século XIX
Diretrizes curriculares nacionais para a formação docente: um olhar para as licenciaturas em Matemática
Authors: Antonio Gollo Júnior Ronaldo , Ferreira Esteves Campos Elisabete
Published: August 2023

Este artigo apresenta considerações sobre a investigação que teve como objetivo analisar a implementação das Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais em cursos de licenciatura em Matemática de quatro instituições. Naquele momento, estava em vigor a Resolução CNE/CP 02/2015, porém, com a mudança de governo, uma nova Resolução foi publicada no final de 2019, revelando o embate político e ideológico que permeia a formação docente. A investigação, de abordagem crítico-dialética, demonstrou que a tendência bacharelesca dos cursos se manteve, sendo pacificada com a Resolução de 2019, caracterizada pelo retorno ao modelo tecnicista de base positivista. No entanto, a derrota do governo de extrema direita indica a retomada do debate, estando ainda em aberto a definição de novas Diretrizes Curriculares na expectativa de que a perspectiva crítico-transformadora na formação docente, como preconizava a Resolução de 2015, se constitua e fortaleça.
The Use of Different Concentrations of Oxalic Acid to Decrease the Infestation of Varroa Destructor during Autumn Season as One of Integrated Management Methods
Authors: Manaf Ahmad Duaa , Elsaiegh Muzahim A.
Published: August 2023

Trait results is applying different concentrations of oxalic acid on Varroa mite population parasitoid on honey bee which was conducted in the apiary of the College of Agriculture & Forestry for the year 2020. The concentration treatment of 4.2% showed the lowest mean number of mites falling on the hive board which amounted to 27.42 mites compared with the highest mean of 49.10 mites in the control treatment. This was reflected in the mean number of mites expected inside the cell. It was recorded in the control treatment which amounted to 4910 mites As for the relative effectiveness of the different treatments, the highest mean was recorded in the concentration treatment 3.5% with a mean of 86.84 compared with the lowest mean of 58.85 which was recorded in the concentration treatment 4.2%. As for the treatment efficiency, the highest mean efficiency was recorded 15.91% in the treatment concentration 4.2% compared with the lowest mean of 8.27% which was recorded in the 3.5% concentration treatment. Correlation statistical analysis showed some significant and non-significant differences among some characters in the different treatments.
Effect of Bee Population & Bee Venom Milking during Spring and Early Summer in s some of Honey Bees (Apis Mellifera L.) Colonies Biological Characters
Authors: Salah Omar Ahmed , Elsaiegh Muzahim Ayoub
Published: August 2023

The results of the current study conducted in the apiary of the College of Agriculture and Forestry / University of Mosul during the year 2021 showed that the highest amount mean of bee venom for the interaction reading was 0.232 mg/colony in the treatment of milking bee population 10 frames (TMV2) during the period from 1-6/5/2021 compared with the lowest mean interaction of 0.061 which was recorded during the period from 6/26-1/7 for the same treatment, while the highest mean interaction for the treatment of milking bee venom population of 5 frames (TMV1) during the period from 1-6/5 /2021 was 0.125 mg/colony compared with the lowest mean of 0.022 mg/colony during the period from 29/5 to 3/6/2021 for the same treatment. As for the treatment general mean, the highest mean was recorded by the TMV2 treatment which mounted to 0.1136 mg/colony compared with the lowest general mean of zero mg/colony by the TCM2 treatment. As for the milking treatment of TMV1, the highest mean recorded was 0.0527 mg/colony by the TMV1 treatment compared with the lowest average of zero mg/colony by the TCM1 treatment. As for the process effect of the bee venom milking on bee population, the bee popu lation decreased by 1.12 bee frame by the TMV2 treatment which recorded a mean of 14.15 bee frames compared with the TCM2 treatment that, in turn, recorded a mean of 15.27 bee frames. As for the treatments with a bee population of five frames, the bee population decreased by 1.30 bee frames by the treatment of TMV1 which recorded the lowest mean of 8.07 bee frames compared with the highest mean of 9.37 recorded by the TCM1 treatment. As for the general mean of the sealed workers brood, the statistical analysis did not show any significant differences between the two treatments; namely, the TMV2 and the TCM2 whose means both reached to 394.89 inch2 and 367.37 inch2 respectively. Regarding the treatments with bee population of five frames, the highest mean was recorded by the treatment TCM1 amounting to 315.98 inch 2 compared with the lowest mean of 245.07 recorded by the TMV1 treatment. As for the pollen area in treatments with a bee population of 10 frames, the highest mean was recorded by the TCM2 treatment which mounted to 66.78 inch2 compared with the lowest mean in the TMV2 treatment which mounted to 61.44, and the statistical analysis did not show significant differences for the effect of milking bee venom. In the pollen mean for the treatments with a bee population of five frames, the highest mean was recorded by the TCM1 treatment which reached to 65.11 inch2 compared with the lowest mean of 54.63 inch2, recorded by the TMV1 treatment.
Mucormycosis Associated with COVID-19
Authors: AL-Tarjuman Janan K. , Ali Fawwaz F. , Sultan Safa M .
Published: August 2023

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak firstly occurred in Wuhan, China, and quicklyspread worldwide causing global public health threats. Bacterial and fungal infections are reportedly the common secondary infections correlated to viral pneumonia and lead to severe complications particularly in critically ill patients. This complication could lead to an increase in the demands for intensive care, and consequently increasing the rate of deaths. Despite the importance of these complications, few published articles reported a secondary infection, in particular those caused by fungi. Secondary infections were detected in 50% of COVID-19 patients who did not survive.Mucormycosis or called “black fungus”caused by the fungus mucormycete, significant fungal infection that fundamentally affects individuals who suffer from health problems or occupy medicines that lower the ability of the body to fight against germs and illnesses. So, in this review, we highlighted the currently available articles of secondary fungal infection related to COVID-19 infected patients. Thus, the current study rises the attention to the importance of fungal secondary infection, particularly from previously epidemics caused by the virus corona such as MERS and SARS) –COV diseases.
Serological Study of Toxoplasmosis in Slaughtered Animals in Mousl, Iraq
Authors: Abdullah Donea Abdulrazak , Altaee Ahlam Fathi , Al-Farha Abd Al-Bar , Ali Fawwaz Fadhil , Ola-Fadunsin Shola David , Gimba Fufa Ido
Published: August 2023

A study was conducted to elucidate the prescence of T.gondii antibodies in the serum of slaughtered cattle, sheep & goats in Mosul abattoir. The study was carried out during the period from October 2002 to March 2003. For serological tests, 300 serum samples were collected from (100) of each slaughtered cattle, sheep & goats. Serum samples collected from slaughtered goats showed the highest percentage of infection using latex agglutination test and was (54%), followed by sheep (49%), while the lowest percentage (23%) was detected in cattle serum. To determine antibodies in positive serum samples, a modified latex agglutination test was used. The highest percentage of IgG was found in sheep (87.8%) followed by cattle (86.96%) and goats (83.3%). However, the highest percentage of IgM was found in goats (16.7%) followed by cattle (13.04%) and sheep (12.2%). A trial for preparing ELISA test manually was conducted in the laboratory of the Microbiology Branch/ College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, through the isolation of the parasite (antigen) from aborted sheep fetuses. The positive latex agglutination test, were confirmed by ELISA. Of these serum samples, (93.33%) were positive.
METSULFURON-METHYL FOR THE CONTROL OF DIANELLA ENSIFOLIA
Authors:   PT Musim Mas, CHEONG YEW LOONG , BAHARUDDIN SUSANTO , SAW ENG KEONG , OOI LING HOAK
Published: August 2023

A weed control trial was carried out in a two-year-old immature oil palm planting to evaluate the efficacy of metsulfaron-methyl against Dianella ensifolia, an evergreen perennial shrub. Results from 13 weeks' evaluation showed that metsulfuron-methyl at 90 g a.i. per hectare alone was effective against the weed with 100 per cent control and there was no regrowth when the trial was terminated at the thirteenth week after treatment. Keywords: Dianella ensifolia, metsulfaron-methyl, weed management.
A STUDY OF RAT SPECIES, THEIR POPULATIONS AND CROP DAMAGE IN MATURE OIL PALM PLANTATIONS IN CENTRAL KALIMANTAN
Authors: BALASUBRAMANIAM R , CHUNG GAIT FEE
Published: August 2023

Rats are the most important amongst the many vertebrate pests of oil palm. They occur in nurseries, immature and mature oilpalm plantation areas and can cause substantial economic loses to the plantations. A study was conducted to determine the species and population of the rats as well as to assess the crop damage in a mature oil palm area in Central Kalimantan province. Five study plots were established at randomly selected fields in five oil palm estates and the rat populations were estimated using the 'catch, marked and recapture' (CMR) technique. The house rat, Rattus rattus diardii, was the only rat species found from live-trapping using wire mesh drop door traps. Using the CMR technique, the population of the Rattus rattus diardii was estimated; it ranged from 185 to 718 rats per hectare among the five trapping plots. The average rat population was 384 rats per hectare over the five estates. The percentage of palms with fresh rat damage on fresh fruit bunches (FFB), ranged from low to moderate, i.e. 5 -15 per cent. Generally, it was observed that high rat population amounted to high number of palms with fresh damage on FFB. The potential crop losses were calculated for the five estates and it ranged from USD 201.48 to USD 779.64 per hectare per year. At the average potential crop loss of USD 417.42 per hectare per year, the combined potential loss for the five estates with a total area of about 20 000 ha amounted to USD 8.35 million. This study also indicated that the house rat, Rattus rattus diardii, was the sole rat species found to be well established in the mature oil palm plantation areas of Central Kalimantan. Side observation from this study indicated that barn owl population augmentation did not result in the desired level of rat control. Hence, the need for a pragmatic integrated approach incorporating both judicious rat baiting together with biological control of rats using barn owls. Keywords: Oil palm, rat species, rat population, catch, marked and recapture (CMR), Rattus rattus diardii, crop losses.
THE CURRENT SCENARIO AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE COCONUT INDUSTRY
Authors:   Felda Global Ventures Research and Development Sdn Bhd, THEN KEK HOE
Published: August 2023

Coconut (Cocos nucifera) or commonly known as 'tree of life ' is planted in over 90 countries, mainly in Asia, Pacific Islands and South America. The total world planted area of coconut is about 12 million ha with the annual estimated potential production of70 billion nuts. Currently, India, Indonesia and Philippines are the major coconut producers, contributing more than 75 per cent of the total global production. The coconut industry has shown rapid growth in the development of coconut products and is in great demand from the American, European, Middle East and East Asian markets. Coconut oil, copra meal, desiccated coconut and coir products are the traditional coconut products, whereas coconut water, virgin coconut oil, coconut milk and cream are amongst those that show the fastest growth. New coconut hybrids have been introduced, whereby their potential copra yield ranged from 7. 65 to 9.12 tonnes per hectare per year. New invasive pests such as Brontispa longissima, Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, Aceria guerreronis and Aspidiotus rigidus have recently been reported attacking coconut farms in South East Asia. Meanwhile, lethal yellowing disease (LYD) that is caused by phytoplasma is the most devastating coconut disease that is currently affecting the coconut production in the Caribbean, Americas and African countries. However, the recent discovery of Bogia coconut syndrome in Papua New Guinea (PNG), the first report of a lethal yellowing disease in Oceania, brings great concern. The coconut industry is driven by the rapid growth and significant demand of coconut based products globally, which has proven to generate greater economic returns for the coconut producers. Therefore, the countries that are heavily dependent on a single industrial crop should take this opportunity to diversify their plantation crop to coconut as their new economic crop. Keywords: Coconut production, coconut supply and demand, coconut products, planting material, pest and disease.
GREATER BANDICOOT RAT, Bandicota indica INFESTATION IN OIL PALM PLANTATION AND ITS MANAGEMENT
Authors:   Felda Global Ventures Research and Development Sdn Bhd, SHUKOR MUHAMMAD IDRUS , ZAINAL ABIDIN CIK MOHD RIZUAN , HAMID NOOR HISHAM
Published: August 2023

Greater bandicoot rat (Bandicota indica) is a mammalian pest from the family Muridae. It is mainly found in the field or crop area. This species can weigh between 330- 875 g. They exhibit aggressive behaviour by grunting and "puffing up" their far when threatened. Studies in India showed Bandicota attacked crops such as wheat, rice, groundnut and sugarcane. A study in an oil palm plantation converted from sugarcane plantation in Chuping, Perlis, Malaysia recorded heavy infestations of B.indica. The damage symptoms include prominent feeding marks on fruitlets, inflorescences and even premature palms. To date, there is no control programme on B. indica infestation in oil palm plantation. In this light a study was conducted to find a suitable programme to control the population. Morphological measurements revealed a skull length ranging from 50 - 70 mm; the largest among Bandicota species. They have 12 mammae. Diet preference study showed they preferred sugarcane with an average consumption of 78.99 g per day, followed by oil palm fruitlets of young fruit bunch (67.65 g) and young oil palm meristem (61.05 g). This provides an indication they can potentially shift their diet to oil palm and cause high damage. Laboratory study on B. indica mortality showed that 0.005 per cent bromadiolone had the highest efficacy because it resulted in a high mortality rate of 80 per cent at one bait per rat, 90 per cent at two baits per rat and 100 per cent at three baits per rat (10 g per bait). The result suggest a control method on B. indica by applying three baits per palm at 0.005 per cent w/w bromadiolone with campaigns and rounds adjusted for different stages of palm. Keywords: Bandicota indica, bromadiolone, morphology, diet preference, oil palm.
RSPO’S APPROACH IN CALCULATING GHG EMISSION IN PALM OIL PRODUCTION
Authors: GAN LIAN TIONG , PARISH FAIZAL , CAI HENRY , TAN JAVIN , SIVACEYON DEVALADEVI
Published: August 2023

Accounting for potential GHG emissions from the palm oil production is essential to demonstrate partly how responsible palm oil production can be carried out. Results of the GHG emission calculation from certified RSPO members using the RSPO PalmGHG Calculator are collated and reported. The potential sources of GHG emission that result directly from production of palm oil are enumerated. The cumulative impact, which affects the final carbon balance in the production of crude palm oil (CPO), is quantified. The analysis helps to identify GHG emission hotspots so that mitigation plans can be developed and implemented. The aim is to minimise and reduce GHG emissions that result from production of palm oil. The emission from planting on peat, land conversion, and POME are the major sources of emission in CPO production. Peat is the most dominant contributing factor to GHG emission. Land conversion emission is dependent on the type of land cover which was converted to oil palm. Converting land cover with higher carbon stocks such as secondary forest to oil palm will cause higher GHG emission than converting land cover with lower carbon stocks such as shrubland. Emission from POME is significant and construction of methane capture can reduce the POME emission significantly. Sequestration from conservation areas and emission credit from export of biomass and electricity has a moderate positive impact on the GHG emission. Emission from existing certified RSPO plantations during the period of January 2015 to August 2017 is 3.33 tCO2e/tCPO for peat area and 0.94 tCO2e/tCPO for non-peat area. This is lower compared to average GHG emissions of the oil palm industry of 10. 6 tCO2e/tCPO for peat area and 1. 73 tCO2e/tCPO for non-peat area. Keywords: LCA, RSPO, PalmGHG, GHG emissions, palm oil.
Financial Performance Analysis Based on Liquidity and Profitability Ratios
Authors: Nisrina Ulfah Laila , Yusuf St. Nursaadah , Aliyah Nur
Published: August 2023

This study examines the company's performance based on profitability and liquidity ratios at CV Alfaiz Putra Mandiri. CV Alfaiz Putra Mandiri is a trading company that sells furniture materials, namely HPL (High Pressure Laminated). This study aims to analyze financial performance based on liquidity and profitability ratios at CV Alfaiz Putra Mandiri. The method used is quantitative method. The type of research used is field and library research by applying document analysis data collection techniques and interviews.  Based on the analysis of the liquidity ratio of CV Alfaiz Putra Mandiri, the company's financial performance is quite good. This is due to the increase in current assets from year to year. However, current debt has also increased from year to year which offsets the increase in current assets. Based on the profitability ratio analysis, the company's financial performance is not good enough. This is because the increase in sales is not matched by the increase in profits generated and there are still many costs incurred for the company's operational needs so as not to generate optimal profits
Using Syllabus as Metaphor for Investigating Communicative Risk in Contemporary Risk Communication Research: A Critical Pedagogical Perspective
Authors: Zhang Minglei
Published: August 2023

This paper explores the potential of utilizing the syllabus as a metaphor for investigating communicative risk and its contribution to contemporary risk communication research. The normalized discourse of “experts vs. laymen” in risk communication produces an asymmetrical relationship when risk information is presented to the public. The syllabus, however, provides a place for risk communication scholars to practice essential functions such as pragmatic and constitutive to the public. The syllabus is not only a practice that navigates relations between the scientists as educators and the public audience as students but also a mediator that affords representation of communicating various visible public risks in the public sphere. The paper argues that recognizing communicative risk and its impact on conceptualizing risk perception through the metaphor of syllabus is critical to reconsider the interdependent relationship between risk and communication and the interdisciplinarity of risk communication research. The paper concludes that the syllabus could become a solution to overcoming the discursive construction of “experts vs. laymen” by providing a forum for inclusive public discussion and empowering the public to feel, reflect, and express how risk plays a role in their everyday lives.
What Would Happen If We Banned Billionaires?
Authors: Zhang Hongyang
Published: August 2023

This essay delves into the debate surrounding the proposition of banning billionaires due to the rising economic disparities evident in the global landscape. With the ultra-rich amassing unprecedented wealth, especially during the pandemic, the question arises: Would banning billionaires serve as an antidote to escalating wealth inequality? Drawing on varied ideological perspectives, this paper scrutinizes the reasons underpinning the desire to ban billionaires and the rationale for their continued existence. By analyzing the potential outcomes of such a ban, both positive and negative, the discourse highlights the intricacies of the issue. The essay concludes by presenting alternatives to an outright ban, suggesting a multifaceted approach to achieving a more equitable economic environment.
Brief Overview of Targeted Dumping Rules
Authors: Liu Linxuan
Published: August 2023

In light of increasing trade friction between China and developed economies, protecting the legitimate rights and interests of domestic enterprises in anti-dumping investigations is of great importance. Targeted dumping, which emerged during the Uruguay Round negotiations in 1994, has become a central issue in anti-dumping investigations. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive definition of targeted dumping while analyzing its historical evolution from the zeroing method to the concept of targeted dumping, alongside assessing the rules and frameworks for its application in the United States, which have reflected its ambiguity and uncertainty. The paper will also analyze the case of United States - Certain Methodologies and Their Application to Anti-Dumping Proceedings Involving China (“DS471”) and discuss the relevant central issues of targeted dumping. What we would conclude is that by analyzing the findings from the Panel and the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization (“WTO”) regarding this case and other relevant favorable verdicts of illegality or ineffectiveness of methods used to determine target dumping in recent years in-depth, it would be a benefit for Chinese enterprise from the perspective of the response to the determination of anti-dumping measures regarding target dumping.
Study on International Law Regulation of Marine Radioactive Waste Dumping
Authors: Liu Yutong
Published: August 2023

The problem of discharging Fukushima nuclear waste water into the sea challenges the existing international law regulations on marine radioactive waste dumping. This behavior does not fall within the scope of dumping regulated by London Convention. Provisions of land-based pollution regulation in UNCLOS cannot directly determine the illegality of Fukushima nuclear waste water disposal into the sea; The application of precautionary principle has a high standard for judging “potential hazards”, its application also has limitations. The existing international regulatory framework of marine radioactive waste dumping lacks compliance assessment mechanism. The application of international law regulation on the dumping of marine radioactive waste should be strengthened, which means expanding the application scope of London Convention Prohibited List, strengthening the application of the obligation in UNCLOS to monitor the risk or impact of marine environmental pollution. At the same time, it is necessary to re-examine the criteria of precautionary principle and to strengthen the compliance procedures for marine radioactive waste dumping.
Sand Story Counseling for Korean Early Childhood and Young Students: Life History Research on Heesoon Cho's Life Works and their Meanings
Authors:   Asian Qualitative Inquiry Association, Cho Heesoon , Jo Jae-seong
Published: August 2023

This study centers on the dynamics of psychology theory. Drawing upon Heesoon Cho's life, we aim to extract and analyze sand story counseling in her personal and academic experiences. Additionally, we aim to investigate her process of adapting sand play techniques into Korean sand story counseling and explore how this adaptation of sandplay, along with its dissemination, contributed to early childhood development, counseling, and psychological exploratory behaviors in Korea. To avoid bias, we adopted a life history method, including collaborative interviews and triangulation. The results reflected Cho’s life chronologically, describing significant events in her life. Using existing Western theories, Cho transformed and acculturated the existing sandplay technique into sand story counseling in the Korean context. Cho observed significant positive outcomes through sand story counseling. Sand story counseling theory significantly contributed to professional counseling. This study strongly supports future culture-fit counseling research in Korea, as opposed to adopting Western theories.
Screening of Neuropharmacological Activities of Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson Leaves
Authors: Yesudanam Sinchu , Jasmin T. S. Sheeba
Published: August 2023

Purpose: Although the global prevalence of psychological disorders is increasing continually, the efficacies of therapeutic strategies are still very limited. Oxidative stress has been implicated in the pathogenesis of psychiatric disorders and substances possessing antioxidant activity can alleviate the mentioned conditions. Therefore, we hypothesized that Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson leaves, a medicinal plant claimed for nerve tonic, also possess neuropharmacological activities which provide an advantage for psychiatric disorders.

Methods: The present study was carried out to perform neuropharmacological screenings methods on sedatives and hypnotics (Phenobarbitone sodium-induced sleep latency and sleep time and Motor coordination activity), anxiolytics (elevated plus maze and open field test), anti-depressants (forced swim test and L-dopa induced hyperactive aggressive behaviour in mice) and anticonvulsants activities (PTZ and MES induced convulsions) in Swiss Albino mice and Sprague Dawley rats.

Results: The methanolic extract of a higher dose of Phenobarbitone sodium in Naringi crenulata induced sleep latency and sleep time significant results. The extracts of Naringi crenulate showed a significant dose-dependent increase in muscle relaxation in motor coordination activity. In the experiment of PTZ-induced convulsions, the latency of seizures was prolonged by the extracts in a dose-dependent manner. Even in MES-induced convulsion, the results were extremely significant for the 400mg/kg of MENC. The depressant effect was observed to be significant to the extracts of the herb in the Open Field test and also for the Elevated Plus Maze apparatus. In the Forced Swim Test, MENC (400 mg/kg) significantly lengthened the time spent immobile (p <0.01), indicating a CNS depressive impact. Lastly in L-dopa-induced hyperactive aggressive behaviour in mice, results suggest that NC has antidepressant efficacy due to its influence on the serotonergic, noradrenergic, and dopaminergic systems.

Conclusion: The methanolic extract of Naringi crenulata (Roxb.) Nicolson leaves showed significant neuroprotective activity. So, the extracts of Naringi crenulata can be used for the treatment of a wide variety of neurological ailments in humans.
Relationship between Work Motivation, and Career Development on Employee Productivity at Pramita Medan Clinic Laboratory, North Sumatra, Indonesia
Authors: Aisiyah Gadis , Siregar Nina Siti Salmaniah , Fadillah Risydah
Published: August 2023

This study aims to analyze the relationship between Work Motivation and Career Development on Employee Productivity at Pramita Medan Clinic Laboratory, North Sumatra, Indonesia. To analyze it used quantitative research methods. In the context of this study, the research sample was 40 Pramita laboratory employees. The sample criteria are as follows: Permanent Employees and Pramita HM Yamin Laboratory Clinic Employees. The results of the study show that: 1) There is a significant positive relationship between Work Motivation and work productivity, where the coefficient tx1y = 9.816 with p = 0.032 indicates p < 0.05, thus the hypothesis is accepted. 2) There is a significant positive relationship between Career Development and work productivity, where the coefficient tx2y = 15.117 with p = 0.000, indicating p < 0.05, thus the hypothesis is accepted. It can be concluded that each variable of Work Motivation and Career Development individually has a relationship with work productivity. 3) For the interaction effect, a significant relationship is found between Work Motivation and Career Development together towards Work Productivity, where the coefficient F = 489.085; with p = 0.000 indicates p < 0.050. The hypothesis is accepted.
First Report of Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg) Feeding on Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) Infesting Zea mays L.
Authors: Anusree S. S. , Anitha N.
Published: August 2023

Coccinellids are potential predators of various agricultural pests of economic significance and are widely exploited in biocontrol programmes. However among the described species of coccinellids, many of them remained unrecognized and researches were concentrated on a few coccinellids only. One such less exploited coccinellid, abundantly seen in many of the agricultural ecosystem is Pseudaspidimerus trinotatus (Thunberg). Earlier investigations on this beetle are limited. In this study, detailed illustrations and description notes were provided for P. trinotatus. Documentation of prey range of P. trinotatus was conducted. Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch) infesting Zea mays L. is reported as a new prey record for P. trinotatus. Further research on biological and ecological aspects of this beetle is needed to recognize its potential in regulating pest population in agro ecosystems.
Stature Estimation from Femur and Tibia Bone Using Regression Equation Method: A Pilot Study
Authors: Mundane Achal , Awatade Shraddha , Bhoyar Lina , Mahakalkar Archana
Published: August 2023

Anthropometry plays a crucial role in the field of forensic anthropology, particularly in the identification of human remains. Among the various parameters used for personal identification, stature holds significant importance. It is a key factor in medico-legal investigations, especially when dealing with unknown fragmentary and mutilated remains. The objective of present pilot study was to develop a mathematical formula for estimating human stature based on the measurement of long bones, specifically the femur and tibia. A sample of 150 randomly selected girls, aged between 18 and 24 years, was chosen from Nagpur’s Institute of Forensic Science, Maharashtra. The length of the right tibia and femur bones was measured, calculated and regression formulae was derived to estimate stature for the female population of Maharashtra. To assess the relationship between bone length and stature, Pearson's correlation coefficient was employed and revealed regression coefficient (r) of 0.92 for the femur and 0.77 for the tibia, indicating a significant positive correlation between bone length and stature. Consequently, the findings of this study demonstrate that the length of the femur and tibia bones can serve as reliable predictors for estimating the stature of an individual. In conclusion, anthropometric measurements, particularly those involving long bones such as the femur and tibia, hold immense value in the identification of human remains in the field of forensic anthropology.
Bacteriological Characteristics of Meenachil River, Kottayam, Kerala, South India: A Seasonal Study
Authors: Mathew Sojomon , Radhika R. , Shiny K. J.
Published: August 2023

The Meenachil River is a major river that runs through different taluks, viz. Meenachil, Vaikom and Kottayam of Kerala, India. The Meenachil River's bacteriological characteristics were investigated. Six Meenachil riverine stations were chosen for the investigation. Bacteriological parameters were studied in three different seasons during 2022: monsoon, postmonsoon, and premonsoon. Estimating bacterial production is a critical step in quantitatively understanding the function and contribution of bacteria in material cycling within given aquatic habitats.TCC and FCC values are high during the pre-monsoon season and low during the post-monsoon season.During pre-monsoon, total Coliform number ranged from 230 MPN/100ml to 1100 MPN/100ml, 93 MPN/100ml to 380 MPN/100ml during post-monsoon, and 149 MPN/100ml to 470 MPN/100 ml during monsoon. Escherichia, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, and Klebsilla are examples of coliform bacteria. The highest value of Coliform was 1100 MPN/100ml at station 1 Poonjar during the pre-monsoon period, and the lowest value was 93 MPN/100ml at station 6 Illikkal during the post-monsoon period. Faecal contamination is seen in all the six stations. The bacteria E.coli, Salmonella sp., Pseudomonas sp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigelle sp., Vibrio cholerae, Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus sp., Klebsiella sp., have been isolated from  various stations, primarily from stations 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6. During pre-monsoon, station 1 in Pooonjar recorded the highest FCC value of 460 MPN/100 ml, while station 6 in Illikkal recorded the lowest value of 20 MPN/100 ml. Although the current situation is not dire or alarming, the river water needs to be closely monitored in order to improve its quality and allow for better and more sustainable management.
Diversity of Aquatic Beetles (Insecta: Coleoptera) of Navegaon National Park, Maharashtra, India
Authors: Deb Rita , Subramanian K. A.
Published: August 2023

The present study was carried out during the year 2017 to gain knowledge on diversity of aquatic beetles from Navegaon National Park in Maharashtra. A total of 19 species belonging to 13 genera and 3 families of aquatic coleoptera were recorded. Family Dytiscidae was found to be species rich group followed by Hydrohilidae and Gyrinidae. Sixteen species were recorded for the first time from the national park.
IMPROVING STUDENTS’ ABILITY IN FORMULATING RESEARCH INTRODUCTION THROUGH SCIENTIFIC APPROACH
Authors: Marpaung Tiarma Intan , Purba Christian Neni , Lumbangaol Dameasi Bulan
Published: August 2023

This classroom action research was conducted to solve the students’ difficulties in designing a research introduction by applying scientific approach. The subjects were the sixth semester students of English Department of Teacher Training and Education Faculty of HKBP Nommensen University Indonesia who took Writing Research Paper subject. There were 30 students and they were organized into 8 groups. This research occupied 2 cycles which involved 4 steps (planning, acting, observing, and reflecting) for each cycle. The findings showed that using scientific approach has successfully developed the students’ ability in designing introduction of a research. The development derived from the increasing of students’ mean score in pre-cycle (54), first cycle (67.73), and second cycle (77,5). The students’ difficulties (fail to identify problems of research, decide research title and determine technique of solving the problem) were also decreased significantly after the second cycle had been conducted.
THE ROLE OF ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION TEACHERS: PROBLEMS IN EVALUATING STUDENT LEARNING OUTCOMES IN JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS
Authors: Saraya Ana , Mardhatillah Annisa , Fitriani Elisa Novianur , Adiyono Adiyono
Published: August 2023

This research is related to issues in the evaluation of student learning outcomes that have not been explored in the aspects of Islamic religious education. The papers scrutinize the role of Islamic religious education teachers in the context of junior secondary schools and the impact of the problems faced by them on the evaluation of student learning outcomes. Through literature review and analysis of secondary data with a case study approach, this research presents a comprehensive picture of the challenges and important role of Islamic religious education teachers in improving students' understanding of Islam and the application of religious values in their daily lives. This study aims to determine the role of Islamic Education teachers in evaluating Islamic Religious Education learning outcomes at SMPN 11 Sungai Tuak Village Tanah Grogot. The study employed qualitative research. Research data were obtained from interviews with PAI teachers at SMPN 11 Sungai Tuak Village Tanah Grogot. Interviews were conducted to obtain information about the role of PAI teachers in evaluating student learning outcomes. The results showed that the type of evaluation applied by PAI teachers, media/tools used in evaluating, PAI activities in the school, methods in evaluating, problems in evaluating, and supporting factors, inhibiting factors and solutions to these problems.
Efektivitas Media Animasi Terhadap Pembelajaran Sprechfertigkeiten Pada Mahasiswa Prodi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman
Authors: Simanjuntak Tarida Alvina , Purba Lydia , Saadoon Abather
Published: August 2023

Peranan pendidik dalam pelaksanaan pembelajaran memegang peranan sangat penting sebagai inovator atau agen perubahan dalam rangka membantu peserta didik mencapai tujuan belajar, khususnya berkaitan dengan penanaman keterampilan, pendidik perlu mengembangkan dan mengkreasikan proses pembelajaran. Salah satu pemanfaaatan teknologi yang dapat dilakukan adalah penggunaan media animasi dalam pembelajaran. Penelitian ini memiliki tujuan yaitu untuk mengetahui bagaimana hasil belajar mahasiswa pada pembelajaran Sprechfertigkeiten dengan menggunakan media animasi. Metode penelitian yang dipakai dalam penelitian adalah penelitian eksperimen deskriptif kuantitatif. Subjek dalam penelitian adalah seluruh mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman Semester 3 (tiga) Tahun Ajaran 2022/2023 FKIP Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini adalah tes hasil belajar sesuai dengan materi yang diajarkan pada pembelajaran Sprechfertigkeiten. Prosedur penelitian ini yaitu tes hasil belajar mahasiswa untuk mendapatkan perbedaan hasil belajar mahasiswa sesudah menggunakan media animasi. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan nilai hasil belajar mahasiswa pada pembelajaran Sprechfertigkeiten dengan media animasi. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari rerata hasil belajar mahasiswa yang meningkat (x = 83.90) dibanding dengan hasil belajar mahasiswa sebelum menggunakan Media Animasi learning (x = 70.27).
THE EFFECTIVENESS OF USING BOARD GAMES TO IMPROVE EIGHTH GRADE STUDENTS’ SPEAKING FLUENCY
Authors: Ningsih Tanti Fitria , Widhiatama Daniel Ari
Published: August 2023

Speaking is the most important skill to acquire when learning a language. In fact, fluency is recognized as the natural ability to speak arguably spontaneously, quickly, and thoroughly when accuracy focuses on the phonological, grammatical, and discourse elements of speech output. The work is about improving her 8th grade fluency through the use of board games at SMP Al Ma’arif Bantul. The purpose of this study was to determine whether board games were effective in improving her 8th grade fluency. The study design used is based on quantitative quasi-experimental studies. Based on research results analyzed in SPSS 21, the result showed the different significance before and after treatment with data analysis criteria of t-test that H0 (null hypothesis) was rejected and Ha (alternative hypothesis) was accepted if the value was probably (p) lower than alpha (<) 0,05. The conclusion of the study showed the effectiveness of using Board Game for speaking fluency
Identifikasi Miskonsepsi Fisika Siswa Menggunakan Two Tier Diagnostic Test
Authors: Sitinjak Erni Kusrini , Marbun Juliaster , Lumbangaol Sudirman.T.P. , Panigrahi Rashmi Ranjan
Published: August 2023

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui miskonsepsi siswa kelas X pada konsep Suhu dan Kalor menggunakan tes diagnostic two-tier multiple choice di SMA Swasta Bersama Berastagi. Penelitian ini termasuk kedalam penelitian kualitatif deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas X MIA. Sampel dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 68 orang. Data tes diagnostic dikumpulkan menggunakan two-tier multiple choice untuk mengidentifikasi pemahaman konsep siswa kedalam paham konsep, miskonsepsi, menebak dan tidak paham konsep. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang diperoleh dari tes diagnostik two-tier multiple choice terhadap siswa kelas X MIA1 dan X MIA3 SMA SMA Swasta Bersama Berastagi bahwa miskonsepsi teridentifikasi disetiap subkonsep pada konsep Suhu dan Kalor. Urutan sub materi yang teridentifikasi miskonsepsi dari yang memiliki persentase tertinggi hingga terendah adalah sebagai berikut : asas black (77,94%) dan miskonsepsi terendah terjadi pada sub materi kalor (4,41%).
SISTEM PENYELENGGARAAN ADMINISTRASI PADA SATUAN PENDIDIKAN
Authors: Halimah Halimah , Iqbal Muhamad , Rahyuni Rahyuni
Published: August 2023

Tujuan dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui sejauhmana sistem penyelenggaraan adminitrasi pada satuan pendidikan telah terlaksana pada SMP Negeri 1 Trienggadeng Kabupaten Pidie Jaya. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif, untuk memperoleh data di samping melakukan penelitian kepustakaan juga dilakukan penelitian lapangan, Penelitian kepustakaan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data sekunder dengan cara menelaah berbagai buku-buku dan peraturan serta literatur lain yang ada kaitannya dengan permasalahan yang sedang diteliti. Sedangkan penelitian lapangan dilakukan untuk memperoleh data primer yaitu dengan cara mewawancarai para responden dengan menggunakan daftar pertanyaan yang telah dipersiapkan sebelumnya, semua data yang diperoleh diolah dan dianalisis dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dan kuantitatif. Dari hasil penelitian diketahui bahwa penyelenggaraan administrasi pada SMP Negeri 1 Trienggadeng Kabupaten Pidie Jaya belum terlaksana sebagaimana mestinya hal ini dikarenakan dijumpai berbagai faktor kendala dalam pelaksanannya. Adapun hambatan yang ditemui dalam penulis melakukan penelitian antara lain adalah, terbatasnya tenaga administrasi, yang mengelola administrasi pendidikan, terbatasnya guru dan sarana/prasarana yang tersedia untuk mendukung proses pembelajaran pada SMP Negeri 1 Trienggadeng kabupaten Pidie jaya juga terbatas. Upaya yang dapat dilakukan antara lain adalah perlu penambahan tenaga administrasi, penambahan guru, serta sarana/prasarana yang kurang perlu juga segera ditanggulangi agar proses pembelajaran dapat terselenggara sesuai sebagaimana yang diharapkan.
Covid-19 Lockdown and the ‘Work-From-Home’ Approach: The Effect on Nigerian Academics
Authors: Tolulope Osinubi  , Cleopatra Ibukun  , Titus Ojeyinka
Published: August 2023

This article investigates the effect of the Covid-19 lockdown and the ‘work- from-home’ approach on academic activities in Nigeria, using bivariate and multivariable regression. The results show that factors such as inadequate power supply, electricity access, workspace and access to research materials, health status and care for children and the elderly during the Covid-19 lockdown were significantly associated with a decline in the time devoted to academic work. On the other hand, virtual teaching or learning and the ability to work from home more often had positive and statistically significant effects on weekly work hours. The study also finds that Covid-19 lockdowns had a stronger negative effect on female researchers than their male counterparts. The implication is that a prolonged lockdown will harm the education system in Nigeria by negatively affecting research outcomes in terms of weekly work hours. Thus, the recommendations emanating from the findings are discussed in the article.