bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Assessment of Yield Attributes, Yield, Nutrient Uptake and Economics of Yellow Pericarp Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes as Influenced by Land Configurations and Vegetative Mulch under Rainfed Condition of Southern Telangana, India
Authors: Reddy K. Jaisimha , Bindu G. S. Madhu , Hussain S. A. , Devi M. Uma , Maheshwaramma S.
Published: January 2023

A field experiment was carried out at College of Agriculture, Rajendranagar, Hyderabad to study the influence of land configurations and vegetative mulch on the yield, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and economics of yellow sorghum genotypes during kharif 2018-19. The experiment was laid out in strip plot design with six (6) land configurations as main plots viz., Flat bed, Ridge and furrow, Broad bed and furrow, Flat bed + Mulch (FB + M), Ridge and Furrow + Mulch (RF + M), Broad bed and furrow + Mulch (BBF + M) and four (4) yellow pericarp sorghum genotypes as sub plots viz., PYPS (Palem yellow pericarp sorghum) 101,102, 103 and 104. Results obtained from the study showed that broad bed and furrows along with mulch (BBF+ M) reported higher yield attributes viz., effective ear heads per m2 (11.91), grains per ear head (741), grain weight per ear head (21.93 g) and higher nutrient uptake (246 N, 43.0 P and 78.7 K kg ha-1). While, PYPS 102 genotype registered higher effective ear heads per m2 (11.90), grains per ear head (702), grain weight per ear head (19.49 g) and higher total nutrient uptake (246 N, 43.0 P and 78.7 K kg ha-1). In terms of economics, higher gross returns (Rs. 95747 ha-1), net returns (Rs. 62101 ha-1). and BC ratio (2.84) were recorded under broad bed and furrows with mulch, owing to higher grain and stover yield (1700 and 1585 kg ha-1, respectively). BBF + M recorded an increase of 37, 35 and 57 per cent in grain yield, gross returns and net returns, respectively over flatbed with no mulch. Correspondingly, higher grain yields of PYPS 102 (1586 kg ha-1) had reflected in monetary terms, as both the gross returns (PYPS 102 – Rs. 89774 ha-1), net returns (PYPS 102 – Rs. 57028 ha-1) and benefit cost ratio (PYPS 102 – 2.74). Thus, the above treatments were found to be the best options for cultivation of yellow sorghum considering their higher yield, yield attributes, nutrient uptake and economics under rainfed condition in South Telangana agro-climatic zone.
Study of Integrated Crop-targeted Production Efficient Fertilizer Uptake Response
Authors: Dash Jyotirmayee , Kuila Mamata
Published: January 2023

The targeted pattern of multi-crops in investigation, control and treatment blocks emphasize on different crops or integrated approach to farming system in same field at temporal shift in cropping season. Studies and researches through programmes on “Integrated Farming System” paves and does incursion towards re-engineering process in plans and programme structure under farming systems mode. This gamut of framework led to neo institutional birth, through rigorous investigations of past models, approaches, plans, systems by analysis of productivity, viability and constraints prevailing. Designs of resource efficient, efficacious, economic farming system models and proto-modules for different farming scenario have been developed, in temporal dimensional shift of Kharif, Rabi and Zaid. Stoichiometric analysis-based use of balanced uptake fertilizers is done to meet the targeted productivity. Regression analysis and optimization models, equations, quasi-newton method and Jacobi method, amongst others , and conditions and constraints further give boost towards targeted yield productivity of integrated crops in contingency, feasibility and brisk growth , developmental choice models for thriving and succeeding in agriculture scenario through rolling a successful agricultural Integrated Farming System model and approach, with systems intelligence , thinking and technology at core of heart driving simplicity, spirituality and sustainability of global flat world agricultural productivity, in sync and harmony with mother earth.
Mathematical Modelling on Impact of Interventions in the Spread of Covid-19 in Kenya
Authors: Mwangi Lucas M. , Mutuku Winifred N.
Published: January 2023

The history of coronavirus can be traced to the 1960s when B184 and 229E coronaviruses were discovered in the nasal washing of individuals with the common cold. There was no worry about such viruses until 2003 when the first major outbreak of SARS was discovered in southern China. The recent outbreak was in 2019 when a major outbreak of COVID-19 strain started in China. The World Health Organisation proclaimed COVID-19 as a pandemic in March 2020. Ever since this pandemic, several attempts to intervene in the spread has been tried, yet the pandemic is not dying. This persistence in the pandemic might be due to the presence of asymptomatic individuals. This unending pandemic has hit the Kenya economy badly. In this study, we mathematically investigate the effect of governmental and non-governmental intervention on the spread of COVID-19 in Kenya. To capture the effect of intervention effectively, the model considers the presence of asymptomatically infected individuals in the Kenya. The basic reproduction number is obtained using the next-generation matrix and the local stability of the equilibrium points are established. The effects of intervention on the spread of COVID-19 are simulated and illustrated as graphs. The results indicate that intervention in form awareness and public sensitisation reduces the Exposed class, Infected Classes and COVID-19-related death.
Some Soft Compatible Maps and Common Fixed Point Theorem in Soft S-metric Spaces
Authors: Devi Sushma , Kumar Manoj , Singh Parul
Published: January 2023

In this paper, we introduce a new concept like soft compatible maps, soft compatible maps, soft compatible map of type-I and soft compatible map of type-II in soft S-metric spaces. Finally, by the influence of these new concepts we will establish common fixed point theorem for four soft self maps on a complete soft S-metric space.
An Association between CT Score and the Severity of COVID-19
Authors: Mulkalwar Sarita , Pahuja Garvit , Elavia Zenia Aadil , Palal Deepu
Published: January 2023

Introduction: COVID-19 has changed the world fabric. While many still haven’t recovered from the grief of losing their loved ones; the virus continues to mutate leaving the world to deal with a social and economic pandemic. In this study we aim at determining an association between CT SCORE and the severity of COVID-19 thereby understanding the prognosis/severity of disease in patients.

Method: A prevalidated google questionnaire was used to obtain data. The study population consisted of people who tested real time RT-PCR COVID-19 positive.

Results: A statistically significant correlation was seen between CT score and outcome of disease.

Conclusion: Routine CT scan of suspected COVID-19 cases gives early diagnosis; it could also guide in hastening the treatment received by the patient and improve overall prognosis be used as a guide for the management of the patients and hence improve overall prognosis.
O menino morto com um sorriso sem dentes: Narrativas de assassinatos de adolescentes por LGBTIfobia no Brasil
Authors: Carpes Barros Cassal Luan
Published: January 2023

O presente texto analisa modos de narração sobre assassinatos de adolescentes por LGBTIfobia no Brasil. Entende-se que narratividades fazem histórias operarem como incompletas e, portanto, passíveis de transmissão e transformação, sendo uma estratégia relevante para pesquisa em psicologia social. Dessa maneira, esta pesquisa investigou debates relacionados aos relatórios anuais sobre assassinatos LGBTIfóbicos pelo Grupo Gay da Bahia. Em seguida, as narrativas em torno de uma história específica de um adolescente morto (em São Paulo, em 2014) foram analisadas. Pode-se perceber que gênero, sexualidade e geração são categorias politicamente geridas para preservação da vida ou exposição a ameaças, apontando para a necessidade de um conceito amplo de LGBTIfobia que esteja atento à responsabilidade social e coletiva nas mortes.
EDITORIAL v. 7 n. 13 (2022): Dossiê 13: Morte e Etnografia
Authors: Da Silva Andreia Vicente , Aisengart Rachel
Published: January 2023

Neste número 13 da Revista M. contamos com o dossiê Morte e Etnografia, organizado por Bárbara Betsabé Martinez e María Gabriela Irrazábal, respectivamente, antropóloga, pesquisadora assistente do CONICET no Instituto de Ciências Antropológicas da Universidade de Buenos Aires; e socióloga pesquisadora adjunta do CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas) no Programa Sociedade, Cultura e Religião do Centro de Estudos e Pesquisas Laborais.
The “Dipylon” vases and their graves: the end of exclusivity in Early Iron age Athens
Authors: Alexandridou Alexandra
Published: January 2023

Choosing the “Dipylon vases" as a point of departure, the present article explores the funerary practices in Athens and Attica during the middle of the eighth century and the Late Geometric I period closely associated with the date during the ninth and the second half of the eighth centuries. Rather than the funerary iconography of these vases, the context is set at the heart of the discussion. The interest is placed on the burials marked in this special way and, more importantly, on the identity of their occupants who deserved this special type of memorization, accomplished through these clay mnemata.
Lies and bullshit: The negative effects of misinformation grow stronger over time
Authors: Petrocelli John V. , Seta Catherine E. , Seta John J.
Published: January 2023

In a world where exposure to untrustworthy communicators is common, trust has become more important than ever for effective marketing. Nevertheless, we know very little about the long‐term consequences of exposure to untrustworthy sources, such bullshitters. This research examines how untrustworthy sources—liars and bullshitters—influence consumer attitudes toward a product. Frankfurt's (1986) insidious bullshit hypothesis (i.e., bullshitting is evaluated less negatively than lying but bullshit can be more harmful than are lies) is examined within a traditional sleeper effect—a persuasive influence that increases, rather than decays over time. We obtained a sleeper effect after participants learned that the source of the message was either a liar or a bullshitter. However, compared to the liar source condition, the same message from a bullshitter resulted in more extreme immediate and delayed attitudes that were in line with an otherwise discounted persuasive message (i.e., an advertisement). Interestingly, attitudes returned to control condition levels when a bullshitter was the source of the message, suggesting that knowing an initially discounted message may be potentially accurate/inaccurate (as is true with bullshit, but not lies) does not result in the long‐term discounting of that message. We discuss implications for marketing and other contexts of persuasion.
Development and Validation of a Simulation Model for Treatment to Maintain Remission in Antineutrophil Cytoplasmic Antibody–Associated Vasculitis
Authors: Wallace Zachary S. , Stone John H. , Fu Xiaoqing , Merkel Peter A. , Miloslavsky Eli M. , Zhang Yuqing , Choi Hyon K. , Hyle Emily P.
Published: January 2023

Objective

Fixed and tailored rituximab retreatment strategies to maintain remission in antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)–associated vasculitis (AAV) are associated with tradeoffs. The current study was undertaken to develop a simulation model (AAV‐Sim) to project clinical outcomes with these strategies.

Methods

We developed the AAV‐Sim, a microsimulation model of clinical events among individuals with AAV initiating treatment to maintain remission. Individuals transition between health states of remission or relapse and are at risk for severe infection, end‐stage renal disease, or death. We estimated transition rates from published literature, stratified by individual‐level characteristics. We performed validation using the mean average percent error (MAPE) and the coefficient of variation of root mean square error (CV‐RMSE). In internal validation, we compared model‐projected outcomes over 28 months with outcomes observed in the Rituximab versus Azathioprine in ANCA‐Associated Vasculitis 2 (MAINRITSAN2) trial, which compared fixed versus tailored retreatment. In external validation, we compared outcomes with fixed rituximab retreatment from the AAV‐Sim to outcomes from the MAINRITSAN1 trial and an observational study.

Results

The AAV‐Sim projected outcomes similar to those in the MAINRITSAN2 trial, including minor (AAV‐Sim 6.0% fixed versus 7.3% tailored; MAINRITSAN2 6.2% versus 8.6%; MAPE 3% and 15%) and major relapse (AAV‐Sim 3.5% versus 5.5%; MAINRITSAN2 3.7% versus 7.4%; MAPE 5% and 26%), severe infection (AAV‐Sim 19.4% versus 11.1%; MAINRITSAN2 19.8% versus 10.2%; MAPE 2% and 9%), and relapse‐free survival (AAV‐Sim 84.8% versus 82.3%; MAINRITSAN2 86% versus 84%; CV‐RMSE 2.3% and 2.5%). Similar performance was observed in external validation.

Conclusion

The AAV‐Sim projected a range of clinical outcomes for different treatment approaches that were validated against published data. The AAV‐Sim has the potential to inform management guidelines and research priorities.
Validating Agar as an Analog of Soil to Monitor Corrosion of Pipeline Steel
Authors: Wang Kai Rui , Lamin Asma , Spark Amy J. , Ward Liam , Cole Ivan , Chen Xiao-Bo
Published: January 2023

Aqueous electrolyte traditionally used for electrochemical characterization of soil‐related corrosion in laboratories fails to represent the soil physical features, such as pore structure, soil heterogeneity, soil compaction, and saturation levels, in the diffusion‐controlled corrosion process. This article introduces a semi‐solid agar system to reproduce the physical structure of soil for corrosion study. For feasibility validation of the agar system, direct comparison regarding electrochemical activity, diffusion characteristics, and corrosion mechanisms has been performed on pipeline steel in aqueous sodium chloride (NaCl) solution (5 g L−1), 5 g L−1 NaCl‐containing agar, and 5 g L−1 NaCl in sand, respectively. The results indicates that oxygen diffusion in agar and sand media is similar, which significantly weakens the cathodic activity of steel specimens, but leads to distinct corrosion characteristics from those identified in aqueous NaCl solution counterparts. The high diffusion rate of chloride ions in aqueous solution also accelerates corrosion of pipeline steel in NaCl solution through extensive attack at defect sites, but the limited chloride ion movement and the diminished driving force for anodic corrosion activity reduce such attack in their agar and sand equivalents. The solid nature of agar outperforms aqueous electrolytes as soil replicate to explore soil‐related corrosion responses at laboratory scale.
A Compact Tunable Broadband Acoustic Metastructure with Continuous Gradient Spiral Channels
Authors: Liang Mengtao , Wu Huagen , Fu Zeming , Huang Hongye , Zhang Rongshan
Published: January 2023

Sound‐absorbing structures, an effective measure to reduce vibration and noise, have always been the desirable research hotspot in scientific and engineering communities. However, the mutual restriction between ultrathin thickness and broadband sound absorption is the key issue that hinders its development. Herein, a compact tunable broadband acoustic metastructure with continuous gradient spiral channels is presented, which has the ultrathin thickness and can efficiently realize low‐frequency broadband sound absorption. Coiled‐up individual absorbers are introduced to constitute the acoustic metastructure. The continuous gradient spiral channels are formed by successively decreasing the effective spiral length of labyrinthine cavity to achieve efficient broadband sound absorption. It is showed in the results that the sound‐absorption metastructure coupled with eight individual absorbers maintains the excellent broadband sound‐absorption effect over 0.8 in the frequency range of 487–930 Hz and a deep subwavelength thickness of 37 mm. In addition, the highly efficient low‐frequency broadband sound absorption can be implemented in the target range of 480–990 Hz through optimizing the adjustable parameters such as the effective spiral length, cross‐section height, orifice radius, and the coupling number of single absorbers. Herein, inspirations and threads are provided for the compact tunable broadband sound‐absorption design of acoustic metastructures.
Advanced Zinc–Iodine Batteries with Ultrahigh Capacity and Superior Rate Performance Based on Reduced Graphene Oxide and Water‐in‐Salt Electrolyte
Authors: Ji Yu , Xie Junpeng , Shen Zhaoxi , Liu Yu , Wen Zhaorui , Luo Lei , Hong Guo
Published: January 2023

Aqueous rechargeable zinc–iodine batteries have received increasing attention in the field of portable electronics due to their high safety, low‐cost, and great electrochemical performance. However, the insulated nature of iodine and the unrestricted shuttle effect of soluble triiodide seriously limit the lifespan and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the batteries. Herein, a high‐performance zinc–iodine energy storage system based on the hydrothermal reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and a high concentration zinc chloride water‐in‐salt electrolyte are promoted. The 3D microporous structures and outstanding electrical conductivity of rGO make it an excellent host for iodine, while the water‐in‐salt electrolyte effectively suppresses the shuttle effect of triiodide and improves the CE of the system. As a result, an ultra‐high I2 mass loading of 25.33 mg cm−2 (loading ratio of 71.69 wt.%) is realized during the continuous charging/discharging process. The batteries deliver a high capacity of 6.5 mAh cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 with a much‐improved CE of 95% and a prominent rate performance with capacity of 1 mAh cm−2 at 80 mA cm−2. A stable long‐term cycling performance is also achieved with capacity retention of 2 mAh cm−2 after 2000 cycles at 50 mA cm−2.
Glassy/Ceramic Li2TiO3/LixByOz Analogous “Solid Electrolyte Interphase” to Boost 4.5 V LiCoO2 in Sulfide‐Based All‐Solid‐State Batteries
Authors: Feng Li , Yin Zu‐Wei , Wang Chuan‐Wei , Li Zeheng , Zhang Shao‐Jian , Zhang Peng‐Fang , Deng Ya‐Ping , Pan Feng , Zhang Bingkai , Lin Zhan
Published: January 2023

Sulfide‐based all‐solid‐state lithium‐ion batteries (ASSLIBs) are the widely recognized approach toward high safety owing to excellent ionic conductivity and nonflammable nature of solid‐state electrolytes (SSEs). However, narrow potential window of SSEs brings about serious interfacial parasitic reactions, resulting in fast degradation of the battery. Herein, a glassy/ceramic analogous solid electrolyte interface (SEI) is constructed on LiCoO2 (LCO) to enhance interfacial stability between LCO and the Li10GeP2S12 (LGPS) SSEs. In which, ceramic Li2TiO3 guarantees good mechanical toughness of analogous SEI, while glassy LixByOz reinforces the coverage to avoid parasitic reactions. Analogous SEI endows ASSLIBs with excellent cycling and rate performance under an upper charge voltage of 4.3 V with 82.3% capacity retention after 300 cycles at 0.2 C. When pushing charge voltage to 4.5 V, analogous SEI also enables desirable performance with an initial capacity of 172.7 mAh g−1 and long lifespan of 200 cycles at 0.2 C. Both experiments and theoretical computation reveal excellent stability between analogous SEI and LGPS, which endows ASSLIBs with small polarization and improved performance. This work provides an insight on glassy/ceramic analogous SEI strategy to boost the interfacial stability of ASSLIBs.
Laser Annealing‐Induced Phase Transformation Behaviors of High Entropy Metal Alloy, Oxide, and Nitride Nanoparticle Combinations
Authors: Li Yun , Tay Yee Yan , Buenconsejo Pio J. S. , Manalastas William , Tu Wei Han , Lim Hong Kit , Salim Teddy , Thompson Michael O. , Madhavi Srinivasan , Tay Chor Yong , Tan Kwan W.
Published: January 2023

High entropy materials made up of dissimilar elements have enormous potentials in various fields and applications such as catalysis, energy generation and bioengineering. Developments of facile rapid synthesis routes toward functional multicomponent nanoparticles (NPs) of metals and ceramics with control of single/mixed crystalline structure configurations as well as understanding their transformative behaviors to enable unexpected properties, however, has remained challenging. Here a transient laser heating strategy to generate high entropy metal alloy, oxide, and nitride nanoparticles (HE‐A/O/N NPs) is described. Laser irradiation of the identical metal salt mixture under different millisecond heating times provides direct control of cooling rates and thereby results in HEA NPs with tunable single‐ and multiphasic solid solution characteristics, atomic compositions, nanoparticle morphologies, and physicochemical properties. Extending the elemental selection to nitride‐forming precursors enables laser‐induced carbothermal reduction and nitridation of high entropy tetragonal rutile oxide nanoparticlesNPs to the cubic rock salt nitride phase. The combination of laser heating with spatially resolved X‐ray diffraction facilitates combinatorial studies of phase transitions and reaction pathways of multicomponent nanoparticles. These findings provide a general strategy to design nonequilibrium multicomponent metal alloys and ceramic materials amalgamations for fundamental studies and practical applications such as carbon nanotube growth, water splitting, and antimicrobial applications.
A Dual−Functional Cationic Covalent Organic Frameworks Modified Separator for High Energy Lithium Metal Batteries
Authors: Yao Shiyan , Yang Yan , Liang Ziwei , Chen Jiahe , Ding Jieying , Li Fangkun , Liu Junhao , Xi Lei , Zhu Min , Liu Jun
Published: January 2023

Separator modification is an efficient strategy to handle with the challenges of lithium metal batteries but its success is primarily subject to the modification of the materials. Herein, a cationic covalent organic framework (COF) composed of positively charged organic units and weakly bonded fluoride ions (F−) is introduced to modify the commercial polypropylene separator (COF−F@PP). It is found that the organic unit has abundant nanopores to homogenize the lithium ions (Li+) flux and can interact with electrolyte solvent molecules to form a desolvation structure of Li+. Meanwhile, the F− within the nanopores is proved to assist in building a robust LiF−riched solid electrolyte interphase to avoid the side reactions between lithium anode and electrolyte. Hence, the COF−F@PP delivers feasible practicality for the outstanding cycling stability, high Coulombic efficiency, and superior rate capability of Li//LFP coin cell at 5 C, low N/P ratio (2.19) full cell, and pouch cell at 1 C.
A Diagnostic and Therapeutic Hydrogel to Promote Vascularization via Blood Sugar Reduction for Wound Healing
Authors: Han Xiaoyu , Chen Shuyu , Cai Zhengwei , Zhu Ying , Yi Weiwei , Guan Mengtong , Liao Bo , Zhang Ying , Shen Jieliang , Cui Wenguo , Bai Dingqun
Published: January 2023

Chronic hyperglycemic damage is a major problem that undermines diabetic wound healing. By combining treatment and diagnosis together, blood glucose concentration can be monitored real‐time through medical imaging devices and precise interventions can be carried out at the right time to promote diabetic wound repair. In this study, an injectable self‐healing hyaluronic acid hydrogel is constructed using Schiff base reaction, and nanoenzymes (GOx‐MnO2) synthesized by condensation reaction, along with vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)‐nanobubbles produced by double emulsification method, are loaded into the hydrogel, thus constructing an innovative diagnostic and therapeutic hydrogel system (US@GOx@VEGF hydrogel, UGV hydrogel). While monitoring glucose concentration in real‐time, the system delivers VEGF through ultrasound in a precise and noninvasive way to deplete glucose. The UGV hydrogel integrates both processes of diagnosis and treatment, effectively releases VEGF through blasts triggered by ultrasound. Apart from this, this new trauma patch is capable of monitoring Mn2+ values ranging from 0.5 m to 7.8 × 10−3 m and glucose levels from 100 × 10−3 to 3 × 10−3 m, through magnetic resonance imaging. In summary, the hydrogel realizes real‐time monitoring of glucose level, maintains glucose homeostasis through noninvasive intervention, and rapidly promotes the repair of diabetic skin defects, opening up a new path for chronic wound management.
Ultra‐Fast Wetting of the Fresh Popcorn
Authors: Jiang Tianheng , Li Xiaoxun , Li Tenglong , Lin Gungun , Liu Huan , Jin Dayong , Jiang Lei
Published: January 2023

Without chewing, the fresh popcorn dissolves immediately upon being put in the mouth. Such good taste decay dramatically with increasing the exposure time in air, especially in humid air. However, the involving mechanism of the saliva wetting the popcorn remains unclear. Here, it is revealed that the ultra‐fast wetting property of the fresh popcorn is the key for its good taste. For the fresh popcorn, the unique 3D throughout micro‐porous structure facilitates capillary flows both in‐plane and off‐plane at micro‐/nano‐ scale, and the water‐soluble crystalized starch further prompts the water spreading, which cooperatively leads to an immediate structural collapse. The unique ultra‐fast wetting of the fresh popcorn is therefore featured as the wetting with dissolving. After cooling down, the crystalized starch changes gradually into an insoluble amorphous state by absorbing water molecule, as is confirmed by the in situ XRD and infrared spectroscopy. As a result, the ultra‐fast wetting decays drastically with prolonging the in‐air exposure time, as well as the taste, which makes immediate cooking vital for the good taste. It is demonstrated that heating can partially restore the ultra‐fast wetting. It is envisioned that the result will inspire the innovative micro‐fabrication of various starch food by engineering the starch crystalline structure.
Stabilizing the Interphase in Cobalt‐Free, Ultrahigh‐Nickel Cathodes for Lithium‐Ion Batteries
Authors: Yi Michael , Dolocan Andrei , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: January 2023

High‐nickel layered oxide cathodes, such as LiNi1‐x‐yMnxCoyO2 (NMC) and LiNi1‐x‐yCoxAlyO2 (NCA), are at the forefront for implementation in high‐energy‐density lithium‐ion batteries. The presence of cobalt in both cathode chemistries, however, largely deters their application due to fiscal and humanitarian issues affiliated with cobalt sourcing. Increasing the Ni content drives down the Co content, but introduces additional structural and electrochemical problems attributed to high‐Ni cathodes. Herein a dually modified cobalt‐free ultrahigh‐nickel cathode 0.02B‐LiNi0.99Mg0.01O2 (NBM) is presented with 1 mol% Mg and 2 mol% B that exhibits a high initial 1C discharge capacity of 210 mA h g−1 with a 20% capacity retention improvement over 500 cycles when benchmarked against LiNiO2 (LNO) in pouch full cell configurations with graphite anode. Postmortem analyses reveal the enhanced performance stems from reduced active lithium inventory loss and localized surface reactivity in the NBM cathode. The stabilized cathode‐electrolyte interphase subsequently reduces transition‐metal dissolution and ensuing chemical crossover to the graphite anode, which prevents further catalyzed parasitic reactions that harmfully passivate the anode surface. Altogether, this study aims to highlight the importance of electrode characterization and analysis from an interphasial viewpoint and to push the ongoing research to stabilize cobalt‐free ultrahigh‐Ni cathodes for industrial feasibility.
Hofmeister Effect Assisted Dual‐Dynamic‐Bond Cross‐Linked Organohydrogels with Enhanced Ionic Conductivity and Balanced Mechanical Properties for Flexible Sensors
Authors: Guo Ruyue , Bao Yan , Zheng Xi , Zhang Wenbo , Liu Chao , Chen Jie , Xu Jiachen , Wang Luxuan , Ma Jianzhong
Published: January 2023

For soft electronic applications, the simultaneous incorporation of conductivity and mechanical robustness remains a grand constraint, not to mention being able to operate at wide temperatures ranges. Herein, a novel conductive platform is proposed by designing skin‐inspired ionic organohydrogels based on Hofmeister effect and glycerol/water system, which simultaneously realize balanced conductivity, mechanical strength, and versatile properties. The comprehensive performances are broadly and simultaneously altered via tuning the aggregation states of polymer chains by kosmotropes or chaotropes. With various ions, the conductivity and mechanical strength are continuously in situ modulated over a large window: conductivity from 0.08 to 4.8 S m−1, strength from 0.01 to 17.30 MPa, toughness from 5.4 to 9236.9 kJ m−3, and modulus from 5.1 to 2258.9 kPa. The ion transport process is inseparable from the changes of water content and pore structures caused by cross‐linking density. Meanwhile, the mechanical properties greatly depend on the densification or loosing of polymer chains and crystalline domains. Furthermore, oil/water system exhibits low temperature tolerance at ≈−65–15 °C and long‐term stability. Finally, the champion organohydrogels are applied as wearable electronic sensors and artificial skins. The mechanism proposed in this work advances the understanding of the ions contribution to organohydrogels for electronic applications.
Stabilizing High‐Nickel Cathodes with High‐Voltage Electrolytes
Authors: Su Laisuo , Jarvis Karalee , Charalambous Harry , Dolocan Andrei , Manthiram Arumugam
Published: January 2023

Electrolytes connect the two electrodes in a lithium battery by providing Li+ transport channels between them. Advanced electrolytes are being explored with high‐nickel cathodes and the lithium‐metal anode to meet the high energy density and cycle life goals, but the origin of the performance differences with different electrolytes is not fully understood. Here, the mechanisms involved in protecting the high‐capacity, cobalt‐free cathode LiNiO2 with a model high‐voltage electrolyte (HVE) are delineated. The kinetic barrier posed by a thick surface degradation layer with poor Li+‐ion transport is found to be the major contributor to the fast capacity fade of LiNiO2 with the conventional carbonate electrolyte. In contrast, HVE reduces the side reactions between the electrolyte and the electrodes, leading to a thinner nano‐interphase layer comprised of more beneficial species. Crucially, the HVE leads to a different surface reorganization pathway involving the formation of a thinner nanoscale LiNi2O4 spinel phase on the LiNiO2 surface. With a high 3D Li+‐ion and electronic conductivity, the spinel LiNi2O4 reorganization nanolayer preserves fast Li+ transport across the cathode–electrolyte interface, reduces reaction heterogeneity in the electrode and alleviates intergranular cracking within secondary particles, resulting in superior long‐term cycle life.
Horizontally‐Oriented Growth of Organic Crystalline Nanowires on Polymer Films for In‐Situ Flexible Photodetectors with Vis‐NIR Response and High Bending Stability
Authors: Song Jian , Wang Xingyu , Liao Jihui , Zhou Wei , Song Jiaxun , Zhao Zihao , Zhang Lingyu , Joselevich Ernesto , Xu Jinyou
Published: January 2023

Various epitaxial mechanisms have been proposed to control the growth orientation of vapor‐deposited nanowires, yet the required lattice matching between target nanowires and supporting substrates limits their applicability. In this work, a versatile hot stamping protocol for fabricating parallel hydrophobic nanogrooves on flexible polymer films (e.g., polyimide (PI), polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)) is proposed. More interestingly, various organic small molecules, including several metal phthalocyanines (MPc, M = Cu, Zn, Fe, Ni, Co), 9,10‐bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene (BPEA), 9,10‐diphenylanthracene (DPA), and tris‐(8‐hydroxyquinoline)aluminium (Alq3), are directly assembled into horizontally‐oriented nanowires along the hot‐stamped nanogrooves on a flexible PI film, thereby breaking the lattice‐matching limitation for oriented nanowire growth. These submillimeter‐long horizontally oriented nanowires can be integrated into flexible photodetectors directly on their growth film, eliminating the need for laborious post‐growth transfer and alignment steps and the associated structural damage and contamination. Consequently, the in situ integrated flexible photodetector made of aligned CuPc nanowires maintains a stable and fast photoresponse to a spectrum in the region of 405‐980 nm even when the detector is bent to a radius of curvature of 2.5 mm and 1000 times. This work will open new opportunities to develop in situ integrated flexible devices based on organic crystalline nanowires for practical applications.
Suppression of Lung Cancer Malignancy by Micellized siRNA through Cell Cycle Arrest
Authors: Kim Haejoo , Jeong In‐ho , Choi Yeol Kyo , Lee Yeon Kyung , Moon Eunyoung , Huh Yang Hoon , Im Wonpil , Jin Jun‐O , Kwak Minseok , Lee Peter Chang‐Whan
Published: January 2023

UBA6‐specific E2 conjugation enzyme 1 (USE1) is frequently overexpressed in lung cancer patients. Moreover, the critical role of USE1 in the progression of human lung cancer is also indicated. As the next step, the authors aim to develop USE1‐targeted therapeutic agents based on RNA interference (RNAi). In this study, a lipid‐modified DNA carrier, namely U4T, which consists of four consecutive dodec‐1‐ynyluracil (U) nucleobases to increase the cell permeability of siRNA targeting of USE1 is introduced. The U4Ts aggregate to form micelles, and the USE1‐silencing siRNA‐incorporated soft spherical nucleic acid aggregate (siSNA) can be created simply through base‐pairing with siRNA. Treatment with siSNA is effective in suppressing tumor growth in vivo as well as cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of lung cancer cells. Furthermore, siSNA inhibited tumor cell growth by inducing cell cycle arrest in the G1 phase and apoptosis. Thus, the anti‐tumor efficacy of siSNA in lung cancer cell lines and that siSNA possesses effective cell‐penetrating ability without using cationic transfection moieties are confirmed. Collectively, these results suggest that siSNA can be applied to the clinical application of RNAi‐based therapeutics for lung cancer treatment.
Oxygen Vacancies in Piezoelectric ZnO Twin‐Mesocrystal to Improve Peroxymonosulfate Utilization Efficiency via Piezo‐Activation for Antibiotic Ornidazole Removal
Authors: Yang Jingling , Zhang Minxian , Chen Mengshan , Zhou Yingtang , Zhu Mingshan
Published: January 2023

Piezoelectric mesocrystals as defective materials have been demonstrated to possess adsorptive and catalytic properties in redox reactions. However, there is still a lack of research on the quantitative relationship between the defect concentration and the piezocatalytic performance in piezoelectric mesocrystals. Herein, twin‐hierarchical structure ZnO piezoelectric mesocrystals are taken with different oxygen‐vacancies (OVs) concentrations to quantitatively investigate the effect of defect content on the peroxymonosulfate (PMS) piezo‐activation in water purification. The ZnO piezoelectric mesocrystal with moderate OVs concentration exhibits a rapid antibiotic ornidazole (ORZ) pollutants degradation rate (0.034 min−1) and achieves a high PMS utilization efficiency (0.162) that exceeds the most state‐of‐the‐art catalytic processes, while excessive OVs suppressed the piezocatalytic performance. Through calculations of electron property and reactants affinity, a quantitative relationship between OVs concentration and piezocatalytic properties is established. The ZnO mesocrystal with moderate OVs concentration realized increased electron delocalization, reduced charge transfer barrier, and enhanced reactants affinity, thus accelerating the kinetics of PMS activation. This work provides theoretical guidance for the application of defect engineering in mesocrystal to realize enhanced piezocatalytic performance.
Fluorinated Poly(aryl piperidinium) Membranes for Anion Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells
Authors: Wu Xingyu , Chen Nanjun , Hu Chuan , Klok Harm‐Anton , Lee Young Moo , Hu Xile
Published: January 2023

Anion‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (AEMFCs) are a cost‐effective alternative to proton‐exchange‐membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The development of high‐performance and durable AEMFCs requires highly conductive and robust anion‐exchange membranes (AEMs). However, AEMs generally exhibit a trade‐off between conductivity and dimensional stability. Here, a fluorination strategy to create a phase‐separated morphological structure in poly(aryl piperidinium) AEMs is reported. The highly hydrophobic perfluoroalkyl side chains augment phase separation to construct interconnected hydrophilic channels for anion transport. As a result, these fluorinated PAP (FPAP) AEMs simultaneously possess high conductivity (>150 mS cm−1 at 80 °C) and high dimensional stability (swelling ratio <20% at 80 °C), excellent mechanical properties (tensile strength >80 MPa and elongation at break >40%) and chemical stability (>2000 h in 3 m KOH at 80 °C). AEMFCs with a non‐precious Co–Mn spinel cathode using the present FPAP AEMs achieve an outstanding peak power density of 1.31 W cm−2. The AEMs remain stable over 500 h of fuel cell operation at a constant current density of 0.2 A cm−2.
Emerging Bio‐Interfacing Wearable Devices for Signal Monitoring: Overview of the Mechanisms and Diverse Sensor Designs to Target Distinct Physiological Bio‐Parameters
Authors: Kim Moohyun , Kim Sumin , Kwon Yong Won , Seo Hunkyu , Chung Won Gi , Kim Enji , Park Wonjung , Song Hayoung , Lee Dong Ha , Lee Jakyoung , Lee Sanghoon , Jeong Inhea , Lim Kyeonghee , Jo Dong‐Yeon , Park Jang‐Ung
Published: January 2023

Recently, personalized medical diagnostics and treatments have received significant interest due to the rising demand for reliable, rapid, and cost‐effective healthcare services. In the recent development of wearable devices, ways to engineer devices to extend their reliability, minimize the risk of infection, and expand the scope of application have been focused on improving conventional clinical procedures. With the increasing interest in personalized healthcare, wearable devices have received substantial interest because they monitor each physiological parameter for specific clinical interest. These unique bio‐parameters of individuals can be recorded from different target organs for the analysis of various functions, ranging from simple bodily movement to clinical treatment. In this review, the recent advances in sensors for recording unique bio‐signals from the human body are discussed. Based on each unique bio‐signals, a comprehensive analysis of wearable platforms for clinical diagnosis is provided, including subjects such as the selection of materials, device design structure, and application strategies for therapeutic significance. Furthermore, the challenges and future potential direction of modern bio‐sensor devices are discussed extensively.
TRPC3 Regulates Islet Beta‐Cell Insulin Secretion
Authors: Rached Gaëlle , Saliba Youakim , Maddah Dina , Hajal Joelle , Smayra Viviane , Bakhos Jules‐Joel , Groschner Klaus , Birnbaumer Lutz , Fares Nassim
Published: January 2023

Insulin release is tightly controlled by glucose‐stimulated calcium (GSCa) through hitherto equivocal pathways. This study investigates TRPC3, a non‐selective cation channel, as a critical regulator of insulin secretion and glucose control. TRPC3's involvement in glucose‐stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) is studied in human and animal islets. TRPC3‐dependent in vivo insulin secretion is investigated using pharmacological tools and Trpc3−/− mice. TRPC3's involvement in islet glucose uptake and GSCa is explored using fluorescent glucose analogue 2‐[N‐(7‐nitrobenz‐2‐oxa‐1,3‐diazol‐4‐yl) amino]‐2‐deoxy‐D‐glucose and calcium imaging. TRPC3 modulation by a small‐molecule activator, GSK1702934A, is evaluated in type 2 diabetic mice. TRPC3 is functionally expressed in human and mouse islet beta cells. TRPC3‐controlled insulin secretion is KATP‐independent and primarily mediated by diacylglycerol channel regulation of the cytosolic calcium oscillations following glucose stimulation. Conversely, glucose uptake in islets is independent of TRPC3. TRPC3 pharmacologic inhibition and knockout in mice lead to defective insulin secretion and glucose intolerance. Subsequently, TRPC3 activation through targeted small‐molecule enhances insulin secretion and alleviates diabetes hallmarks in animals. This study imputes a function for TRPC3 at the onset of GSIS. These insights strengthen one's knowledge of insulin secretion physiology and set forth the TRPC3 channel as an appealing candidate for drug development in the treatment of diabetes.
Poly(ionic liquid)s for Photo‐Driven CO2 Cycloaddition: Electron Donor–Acceptor Segments Matter
Authors: Fang Xu , Yang Li , Dai Zhangben , Cong Die , Zheng Daoyuan , Yu Tie , Tu Rui , Zhai Shengliang , Yang Junxia , Song Fengling , Wu Hao , Deng Wei‐qiao , Liu Chengcheng
Published: January 2023

CO2 cycloaddition with epoxides is a key catalytic procedure for CO2 utilization. Several metal‐based catalysts with cocatalysts are developed for photo‐driven CO2 cycloaddition, while facing difficulties in product purification and continuous reaction. Here, poly(ionic liquid)s are proposed as metal‐free catalysts for photo‐driven CO2 cycloaddition without cocatalysts. A series of poly(ionic liquid)s with donor–acceptor segments are fabricated and their photo‐driven catalytic performance (conversion rate of 83.5% for glycidyl phenyl ether) outstrips (≈4.9 times) their thermal‐driven catalytic performance (17.2%) at the same temperature. Mechanism studies confirm that photo‐induced charge separation is promoted by the donor–acceptor segments and can accelerate the CO2 cycloaddition reaction. This work paves the way for the further use of poly(ionic liquid)s as catalysts in photo‐driven CO2 cycloaddition.
Predicting cereal cover crop biomass using shoot length in California vegetable systems
Authors: Brennan Eric B. , Smith Richard F.
Published: January 2023

To better understand cover crop benefits and receive nitrogen scavenging credits for cover cropping, farmers need simple and robust methods of predicting cover crop biomass production. A new regulation focused on improving nitrogen management on over 200,000 ha of irrigated land in the central coast of California motivated us to evaluate if the shoot length of rye (Secale cereale L., ‘Merced’) and triticale (× Triticosecale Wittmack, ‘Pacheco’) could predict shoot biomass. Field samples for rye (n = 162) and triticale (n = 126) were collected at various developmental growth stages from organic and conventional vegetable farms and planting date trials, across multiple soil types, planting times, row spacings, and plant densities. Main shoot length was well‐correlated with oven‐dry shoot biomass for rye (r2 = 0.87) and triticale (r2 = 0.88). This provides farms in California and beyond with a simple, robust method to estimate cover crop shoot biomass.
Microbial activity and hard red spring wheat growth improvement following biostimulant application
Authors: Bartsch Zachary J. , DeSutter Thomas M. , Gasch Caley K.
Published: January 2023

Reclamation of oil and gas disturbed soils is challenging due to diminished function (i.e., soil physical, chemical, and biological properties) from the loss of soil organic carbon (SOC) and potential mixing of topsoil and subsoil. Biostimulants are agro‐products applied to soil to improve SOC formation, microbial nutrient cycling, and crop yields, suggesting their potential use in reclaiming oil and gas disturbed soils. However, studies on the ability of biostimulants to enhance reclamation in disturbed soils are limited. Therefore, research was conducted to determine if biological properties were affected by biostimulant products in soil collected from an active pipeline installation project. The study was conducted in a greenhouse using pots consisting of the following soil treatments: TS100 (100% topsoil), TS50 (1:1 by‐weight subsoil/topsoil), TS25 (3:1 subsoil/topsoil), TS12.5 (7:1 subsoil/topsoil), and TS0 (100% subsoil). Blended soil either received a liquid inoculant or biotic mulch biostimulant and were planted with hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) later on. Soil biological properties were generally influenced by topsoil concentration where TS50 consistently produced similar results to TS100, however, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) were also influenced by biostimulant treatment. Additionally, wheat biomass was significantly greater in the liquid treatment, whereas the biotic mulch stimulated greater microbial abundance and activity. Overall, increased topsoil improved biological recovery in the short term, and the addition of biostimulants in blended soils can also enhance recovery regardless of topsoil content. However, it is unclear whether the recovery is sustained into the long‐term without additional biostimulant application.
Longitudinal changes in juvenile and adolescent body mass indices before, during, and after the COVID‐19 lockdown in New Zealand
Authors: Floyd Bruce , Battles Heather T. , White Sophie , Loch Carolina , McFarlane Gina , Guatelli‐Steinberg Debbie , Mahoney Patrick
Published: January 2023

Objective

This study uses longitudinal data from school children in Dunedin, New Zealand, to evaluate impacts of COVID‐19 lockdown measures on changes in body mass (BMI, kg/m2). Impacts are assessed using two non‐mutually exclusive hypotheses. The “structured days” hypothesis holds that children tend to alter sleep patterns, reduce activity and increase snacking when not in structured environments. The bidirectional hypothesis proposes that over‐weight or obese children are predisposed to further gains in unstructured settings.

Methods

Juveniles and adolescents (n = 95, 60% female) were recruited from Dunedin schools. Repeated measures analyses assessed variation in intra‐individual change in BMI during four periods: P1 (before summer break), P2 (during summer break), P3 (during the COVID‐19 lockdown), and P4 (after the lockdown ended). The model also examined if these changes were influenced by participants' sex or body size early in the first period assessed using log‐transformed BMI, log‐transformed weight, height, or lower leg length.

Results

Repeated measures analyses of per month gains in BMI (kg/m2) during the four periods revealed consistent period (p ≤ .001), period by sex (p ≤ .010), and period by body size (p ≤ .001) interactions across all four body size proxies. Both sexes experienced the greatest gains during the lockdown (P3), but differed in response to their summer break (P2).

Conclusion

Results are mostly consistent with the “structured days” hypothesis, but challenge the bidirectional hypothesis as defined. Further research better characterizing risks of gains in adiposity are needed.
Quantum Correlations and Speed Limit of Central Spin Systems
Authors: Tiwari Devvrat , Paulson Kavalambramalil G. , Banerjee Subhashish
Published: January 2023

In this article, single, and two‐qubit central spin systems interacting with spin baths are considered and their dynamical properties are discussed. The cases of interacting and non‐interacting spin baths are considered and the quantum speed limit (QSL) time of evolution is investigated. The impact of the size of the spin bath on the quantum speed limit for a single qubit central spin model is analyzed. The quantum correlations for (non‐)interacting two central spin qubits are estimated and their dynamical behavior with that of QSL time under various conditions are compared. How QSL time could be availed to analyze the dynamics of quantum correlations is shown.