bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Variations in the Wave Climate and Sediment Transport Due to Climate Change along the Coast of Vietnam
Authors: Dastgheib Ali , Reyns Johan , Thammasittirong Supot , Weesakul Sutat , Thatcher Marcus , Ranasinghe Roshanka
Published: December 2016

This study quantifies the climate change (CC)-driven variations in wave characteristics and the resulting variations in potential longshore sediment transport rate along the ~2000 km mainland coast of Vietnam. Wind fields derived from global circulation models (GCM) for current and future (2041–2060 and 2081–2100) climate conditions are used to force a numerical wave model (MIKE21 SW) to derive the deep water wave climate. The offshore wave climate is translated to nearshore wave conditions using another numerical model (Simulating WAves Nearshore—SWAN) and finally, a sediment transport model (GENEralized model for Simulating Shoreline Change—GENESIS) is used to estimate potential sediment transport for current and future climate conditions. Results indicate that CC effects are substantially different in the northern, central and southern parts of the coast of Vietnam. The 2081–2100 mean significant wave height along the northern coast is estimated to be up to 8 cm lower (relative to 1981–2000), while projections for central and southern coasts of Vietnam indicate slightly higher (increases of up to 5 cm and 7 cm respectively). Wave direction along the northern coast of Vietnam is projected to shift by up to 4° towards the south (clockwise) by 2081–2100 (relative to 1981–2000), up to 6° clockwise along the central coast and by up to 8° anti-clockwise (to the north) along the southern coast. The projected potential longshore sediment transport rates show very substantial and spatially variable future changes in net transport rates along the coast of Vietnam, with increases of up to 0.5 million m3/year at some locations (by 2081–2100 relative to 1981–2000), implying major changes in future coastline position and/or orientation. The vicinity of the highly developed city of Da Nang is likely to be particularly subject to coastline changes, with potentially an additional 875,000 m3 of sand being transported away from the area per year by the turn of the 21st century.
First Total Synthesis and Biological Screening of a Proline-Rich Cyclopeptide from a Caribbean Marine Sponge
Authors: Dahiya Rajiv , Singh Sunil , Sharma Ajay , Chennupati Suresh , Maharaj Sandeep
Published: December 2016

A natural heptacyclopeptide, stylissamide G (7), previously isolated from the Bahamian marine sponge Stylissa caribica from the Caribbean Sea, was synthesized via coupling of the tetrapeptide l-phenylalanyl-l-prolyl-l-phenylalanyl-l-proline methyl ester with the tripeptide Boc-l-leucyl-l-isoleucyl-l-proline, followed by cyclization of the linear heptapeptide fragment. The structure of the synthesized cyclooligopeptide was confirmed using quantitative elemental analysis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and mass spectrometry. Results of pharmacological activity studies indicated that the newly synthesized cycloheptapeptide displayed good anthelmintic potential against Megascoplex konkanensis, Pontoscotex corethruses and Eudrilus eugeniea at 2 mg/mL and in addition, potent antifungal activity against pathogenic Candida albicans and dermatophytes Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Microsporum audouinii at a concentration of 6 μg/mL.
Redox Signaling Regulated by Cysteine Persulfide and Protein Polysulfidation
Authors: Kasamatsu Shingo , Nishimura Akira , Morita Masanobu , Matsunaga Tetsuro , Abdul Hamid Hisyam , Akaike Takaaki
Published: December 2016

For decades, reactive persulfide species including cysteine persulfide (CysSSH) have been known to exist endogenously in organisms. However, the physiological significance of endogenous persulfides remains poorly understood. That cystathionine β-synthase and cystathionine γ-lyase produced CysSSH from cystine was recently demonstrated. An endogenous sulfur transfer system involving CysSSH evidently generates glutathione persulfide (GSSH) that exists at concentrations greater than 100 μM in vivo. Because reactive persulfide species such as CysSSH and GSSH have higher nucleophilicity than parental cysteine (Cys) and glutathione do, these reactive species exhibit strong scavenging activities against oxidants, e.g., hydrogen peroxide, and electrophiles, which contributes to redox signaling regulation. Also, several papers indicated that various proteins and enzymes have Cys polysulfides including CysSSH at their specific Cys residues, which is called protein polysulfidation. Apart from the redox signaling regulatory mechanism, another plausible function of protein polysulfidation is providing protection for protein thiol residues against irreversible chemical modification caused by oxidants and electrophiles. Elucidation of the redox signaling regulatory mechanism of reactive persulfide species including small thiol molecules and thiol-containing proteins should lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies and drug discoveries for oxidative and electrophilic stress-related diseases.
Effect of Nano-SiO2 on the Hydration and Microstructure of Portland Cement
Authors: Wang Liguo , Zheng Dapeng , Zhang Shupeng , Cui Hongzhi , Li Dongxu
Published: December 2016

This paper systematically studied the modification of cement-based materials by nano-SiO2 particles with an average diameter of about 20 nm. In order to obtain the effect of nano-SiO2 particles on the mechanical properties, hydration, and pore structure of cement-based materials, adding 1%, 3%, and 5% content of nano-SiO2 in cement paste, respectively. The results showed that the reaction of nano-SiO2 particles with Ca(OH)2 (crystal powder) started within 1 h, and formed C–S–H gel. The reaction speed was faster after aging for three days. The mechanical properties of cement-based materials were improved with the addition of 3% nano-SiO2, and the early strength enhancement of test pieces was obvious. Three-day compressive strength increased 33.2%, and 28-day compressive strength increased 18.5%. The exothermic peak of hydration heat of cement increased significantly after the addition of nano-SiO2. Appearance time of the exothermic peak was advanced and the total heat release increased. Thermogravimetric-differential scanning calorimetry (TG-DSC) analysis showed that nano-SiO2 promoted the formation of C–S–H gel. The results of mercury intrusion porosimetry (MIP) showed that the total porosity of cement paste with 3% nano-SiO2 was reduced by 5.51% and 5.4% at three days and 28 days, respectively, compared with the pure cement paste. At the same time, the pore structure of cement paste was optimized, and much-detrimental pores and detrimental pores decreased, while less harmful pores and innocuous pores increased.
Enzymatic Metabolism of Vitamin A in Developing Vertebrate Embryos
Authors: Metzler Melissa , Sandell Lisa
Published: December 2016

Embryonic development is orchestrated by a small number of signaling pathways, one of which is the retinoic acid (RA) signaling pathway. Vitamin A is essential for vertebrate embryonic development because it is the molecular precursor of the essential signaling molecule RA. The level and distribution of RA signaling within a developing embryo must be tightly regulated; too much, or too little, or abnormal distribution, all disrupt embryonic development. Precise regulation of RA signaling during embryogenesis is achieved by proteins involved in vitamin A metabolism, retinoid transport, nuclear signaling, and RA catabolism. The reversible first step in conversion of the precursor vitamin A to the active retinoid RA is mediated by retinol dehydrogenase 10 (RDH10) and dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR family) member 3 (DHRS3), two related membrane-bound proteins that functionally activate each other to mediate the interconversion of retinol and retinal. Alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) enzymes do not contribute to RA production under normal conditions during embryogenesis. Genes involved in vitamin A metabolism and RA catabolism are expressed in tissue-specific patterns and are subject to feedback regulation. Mutations in genes encoding these proteins disrupt morphogenesis of many systems in a developing embryo. Together these observations demonstrate the importance of vitamin A metabolism in regulating RA signaling during embryonic development in vertebrates.
Late Bergman: The Lived Experience of the Absence of God in Faithless and Saraband
Authors: Hibbs Thomas
Published: December 2016

Acclaimed as one of the great filmmakers of the 20th century, Ingmar Bergman is for many an arch-modernist, whose work is characterized by a high degree of self-conscious artistry and by dark, even nihilistic themes. Film critics increasingly identify him as a kind of philosopher of the human condition, especially of the dislocations and misery of the modern human condition. However, Bergman’s films are not embodiments of philosophical theories, nor do they include explicit discussions of theory. Instead, he attends to the concrete lived experience of those who, on the one hand, suffer from doubt, dislocation, and self-hatred and, on the other, long for confession and communion. In the middle of his career, especially in his famous faith trilogy of the early 1960s, Bergman investigated the lived experience of the absence of God. It is commonly thought that after this period, the question of God disappeared. However, in his last two films, Faithless and Saraband, Bergman explores the lived experience of the absence of God. Indeed, he moves beyond a simple negation to explore the complex interplay of absence. He even illustrates the possibility of a kind of communion for which so many of his characters—early, middle and late—long.
A Real-Time Marker-Based Visual Sensor Based on a FPGA and a Soft Core Processor
Authors: Tayara Hilal , Ham Woonchul , Chong Kil
Published: December 2016

This paper introduces a real-time marker-based visual sensor architecture for mobile robot localization and navigation. A hardware acceleration architecture for post video processing system was implemented on a field-programmable gate array (FPGA). The pose calculation algorithm was implemented in a System on Chip (SoC) with an Altera Nios II soft-core processor. For every frame, single pass image segmentation and Feature Accelerated Segment Test (FAST) corner detection were used for extracting the predefined markers with known geometries in FPGA. Coplanar PosIT algorithm was implemented on the Nios II soft-core processor supplied with floating point hardware for accelerating floating point operations. Trigonometric functions have been approximated using Taylor series and cubic approximation using Lagrange polynomials. Inverse square root method has been implemented for approximating square root computations. Real time results have been achieved and pixel streams have been processed on the fly without any need to buffer the input frame for further implementation.
Node Immunization with Time-Sensitive Restrictions
Authors: Cui Wen , Gong Xiaoqing , Liu Chen , Xu Dan , Chen Xiaojiang , Fang Dingyi , Tang Shaojie , Wu Fan , Chen Guihai
Published: December 2016

When we encounter a malicious rumor or an infectious disease outbreak, immunizing k nodes of the relevant network with limited resources is always treated as an extremely effective method. The key challenge is how we can insulate limited nodes to minimize the propagation of those contagious things. In previous works, the best k immunised nodes are selected by learning the initial status of nodes and their strategies even if there is no feedback in the propagation process, which eventually leads to ineffective performance of their solutions. In this paper, we design a novel vaccines placement strategy for protecting much more healthy nodes from being infected by infectious nodes. The main idea of our solution is that we are not only utilizing the status of changing nodes as auxiliary knowledge to adjust our scheme, but also comparing the performance of vaccines in various transmission slots. Thus, our solution has a better chance to get more benefit from these limited vaccines. Extensive experiments have been conducted on several real-world data sets and the results have shown that our algorithm has a better performance than previous works.
Contralateral Orbital Mucocele as a Complication of Unilateral Nasal Polyposis
Authors: Bermúdez Angélica , Patel Amit , McCoul Edward
Published: December 2016

Mucocele is a rare complication of chronic rhinosinusitis that typically presents with delayed diagnosis and results in local erosion. We present the case of a symptomatic orbital mucocele arising from contralateral sinus disease that crossed the midline upon diversion by the effect of prior trauma. Effective treatment was provided by combined endoscopic surgery and external drainage.
QuEChERS Purification Combined with Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Simultaneous Quantification of 25 Mycotoxins in Cereals
Authors: Sun Juan , Li Weixi , Zhang Yan , Hu Xuexu , Wu Li , Wang Bujun
Published: December 2016

A method based on the QuEChERS (quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) purification combined with ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS), was optimized for the simultaneous quantification of 25 mycotoxins in cereals. Samples were extracted with a solution containing 80% acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid, and purified with QuEChERS before being separated by a C18 column. The mass spectrometry was conducted by using positive electrospray ionization (ESI+) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) models. The method gave good linear relations with regression coefficients ranging from 0.9950 to 0.9999. The detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 15.0 µg·kg−1, and the average recovery at three different concentrations ranged from 60.2% to 115.8%, with relative standard deviations (RSD%) varying from 0.7% to 19.6% for the 25 mycotoxins. The method is simple, rapid, accurate, and an improvement compared with the existing methods published so far.
Pricing Unmetered Irrigation Water under Asymmetric Information and Full Cost Recovery
Authors: Lika Alban , Galioto Francesco , Scardigno Alessandra , Zdruli Pandi , Viaggi Davide
Published: December 2016

The objective of this study is to define an efficient pricing scheme for irrigation water in conditions of unmetered water use. The study is based on a principal-agent model and identifies a menu of contracts, defined as a set of payments and share of irrigated area, able to provide incentives for an efficient use of the resource by maximizing social welfare. The model is applied in the case study of the Çukas region (Albania) where irrigation water is not metered. The results demonstrate that using a menu of contracts makes it possible to define a second best solution that may improve the overall social welfare derived from irrigation water use compared with the existing pricing structure, though, in the specific case study, the improvement is small. Furthermore, the results also suggest that irrigation water pricing policy needs to take into account different farm types, and that appropriate contract-type pricing schemes have a potential role in providing incentives to farmers to make irrigation choices to the social optimum.
Surgical management of dorsal scapular luxation in three dogs
Authors: Tinga Selena , Porter Erin , Lewis Daniel , Jones Stephen
Published: December 2016

Scapular luxation is an uncommon cause of forelimb lameness in dogs and cats. Traumatic rupture of the serratus ventralis muscle allows the scapula to displace dorsally during weight-bearing. Specific documentation regarding clinical presentation and surgical techniques is limited, with no medium- to long-term results of surgical intervention in dogs described. Presented here are three cases of scapular luxation in dogs, treated with a modified surgical technique. Clinical outcome was considered good to excellent, with resolution of lameness and abnormal scapular motion in all three dogs. Medium-and long-term outcomes were assessed in two of the dogs, with an excellent outcome in both cases.

Supplementary Material to this article is available online at https://doi.org/10.3415/VCOT-16-05-0066
Intercalation and structural aspects of macroRAFT agents into MgAl layered double hydroxides
Authors: Kostadinova Dessislava , Cenacchi Pereira Ana , Lansalot Muriel , D’Agosto Franck , Bourgeat-Lami Elodie , Leroux Fabrice , Taviot-Guého Christine , Cadars Sylvian , Prevot Vanessa
Published: December 2016

Increasing attention has been devoted to the design of layered double hydroxide (LDH)-based hybrid materials. In this work, we demonstrate the intercalation by anion exchange process of poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and three different hydrophilic random copolymers of acrylic acid (AA) and n-butyl acrylate (BA) with molar masses ranging from 2000 to 4200 g mol−1 synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization, into LDH containing magnesium(II) and aluminium(III) intralayer cations and nitrates as counterions (MgAl-NO3 LDH). At basic pH, the copolymer chains (macroRAFT agents) carry negative charges which allowed the establishment of electrostatic interactions with the LDH interlayer and their intercalation. The resulting hybrid macroRAFT/LDH materials displayed an expanded interlamellar domain compared to pristine MgAl-NO3 LDH from 1.36 nm to 2.33 nm. Depending on the nature of the units involved into the macroRAFT copolymer (only AA or AA and BA), the intercalation led to monolayer or bilayer arrangements within the interlayer space. The macroRAFT intercalation and the molecular structure of the hybrid phases were further characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and solid-state 13C, 1H and 27Al nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies to get a better description of the local structure.
OGLE-2012-BLG-0950Lb: THE FIRST PLANET MASS MEASUREMENT FROM ONLY MICROLENS PARALLAX AND LENS FLUX
Authors: Koshimoto N. , Udalski A. , Beaulieu J. P. , Sumi T. , Bennett D. P. , Bond I. A. , Rattenbury N. , Fukui A. , Batista V. , Marquette J. B. , Brillant S. , and  , Abe F. , Asakura Y. , Bhattacharya A. , Donachie M. , Freeman M. , Hirao Y. , Itow Y. , Li M. C. A. , Ling C. H. , Masuda K. , Matsubara Y. , Matsuo T. , Muraki Y. , Nagakane M. , Ohnishi K. , Oyokawa H. , Saito To. , Sharan A. , Shibai H. , Sullivan D. J. , Suzuki D. , Tristram P. J. , Yonehara A. ,   (MOA Collaboration), Kozłowski S. , Pietrukowicz P. , Poleski R. , Skowron J. , Soszyński I. , Szymański M. K. , Ulaczyk K. , Wyrzykowski Ł. ,   (OGLE Collaboration)
Published: December 2016

We report the discovery of a microlensing planet OGLE-2012-BLG-0950Lb with a planet/host mass ratio of

. A long term distortion detected in both MOA and OGLE light curve can be explained by the microlens parallax due to the Earth’s orbital motion around the Sun. Although the finite source effect is not detected, we obtain the lens flux by the high resolution Keck AO observation. Combining the microlens parallax and the lens flux reveal the nature of the lens: a planet with mass of

is orbiting around an M-dwarf with mass of

with a planet-host projected separation of

au located at

kpc from us. This is the first mass measurement from only microlens parallax and the lens flux without the finite source effect. In the coming space observation-era with Spitzer, K2, Euclid, and WFIRST, we expect many such events for which we will not be able to measure any finite source effect. This work demonstrates an ability of mass measurements in such events.
CONSTRAINTS ON COMET 332P/IKEYA-MURAKAMI
Authors: Hui (許文韜) Man-To , Ye (葉泉志) Quan-Zhi , Wiegert Paul
Published: December 2016

Encke-type comet 332P/Ikeya-Murakami is experiencing cascading fragmentation events during its 2016 apparition. It is likely the first splitting Encke-type comet ever observed. A nongravitational solution to the astrometry reveals a statistical detection of the radial and transverse nongravitational parameters,

au day−2 and

au day−2, respectively, which implies a nucleus erosion rate of

‰ per orbital revolution. The mass-loss rate likely has to be supported by a much larger fraction of an active surface area than known cases of short-period comets; it may be relevant to the ongoing fragmentation. We failed to detect any serendipitous pre-discovery observations of the comet in archival data from major sky surveys, whereby we infer that 332P used to be largely inactive, and is perhaps among the few short-period comets that have been reactivated from weakly active or dormant states. We therefore constrain an upper limit to the nucleus size as 2.0 ± 0.2 km in radius. A search for small bodies in similar orbits to that of 332P reveals comet P/2010 B2 (WISE) to be the best candidate. From an empirical generalized Jupiter-family (Encke-type included) comet population model, we estimate the likelihood of a chance alignment of the 332P–P/2010 B2 pair to be 1 in 33, a small number indicative of a genetic linkage between the two comets on a statistical basis. The pair possibly originated from a common progenitor, which underwent a disintegration event well before the twentieth century.
A NEW 3D MULTI-FLUID MODEL: A STUDY OF KINETIC EFFECTS AND VARIATIONS OF PHYSICAL CONDITIONS IN THE COMETARY COMA
Authors: Shou Y. , Combi M. , Toth G. , Tenishev V. , Fougere N. , Jia X. , Rubin M. , Huang Z. , Hansen K. , Gombosi T. , Bieler A.
Published: December 2016

Physics-based numerical coma models are desirable whether to interpret the spacecraft observations of the inner coma or to compare with the ground-based observations of the outer coma. In this work, we develop a multi-neutral-fluid model based on the BATS-R-US code of the University of Michigan, which is capable of computing both the inner and outer coma and simulating time-variable phenomena. It treats H2O, OH, H2, O, and H as separate fluids and each fluid has its own velocity and temperature, with collisions coupling all fluids together. The self-consistent collisional interactions decrease the velocity differences, re-distribute the excess energy deposited by chemical reactions among all species, and account for the varying heating efficiency under various physical conditions. Recognizing that the fluid approach has limitations in capturing all of the correct physics for certain applications, especially for very low density environment, we applied our multi-fluid coma model to comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko at various heliocentric distances and demonstrated that it yields comparable results to the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) model, which is based on a kinetic approach that is valid under these conditions. Therefore, our model may be a powerful alternative to the particle-based model, especially for some computationally intensive simulations. In addition, by running the model with several combinations of production rates and heliocentric distances, we characterize the cometary H2O expansion speeds and demonstrate the nonlinear dependencies of production rate and heliocentric distance. Our results are also compared to previous modeling work and remote observations, which serve as further validation of our model.
DISK–WIND CONNECTION DURING THE HEARTBEATS OF GRS 1915+105
Authors: Zoghbi Abderahmen , Miller J. M. , King A. L. , Miller M. C. , Proga D. , Kallman T. , Fabian A. C. , Harrison F. A. , Kaastra J. , Raymond J. , Reynolds C. S. , Boggs S. E. , Christensen F. E. , Craig W. , Hailey C. J. , Stern D. , Zhang W. W.
Published: December 2016

Disk and wind signatures are seen in the soft state of Galactic black holes, while the jet is seen in the hard state. Here we study the disk–wind connection in the ρ class of variability in GRS 1915+105 using a joint NuSTAR–Chandra observation. The source shows 50 s limit cycle oscillations. By including new information provided by the reflection spectrum and using phase-resolved spectroscopy, we find that the change in the inner disk inferred from the blackbody emission is not matched by reflection measurements. The latter is almost constant, independent of the continuum model. The two radii are comparable only if the disk temperature color correction factor changes, an effect that could be due to the changing opacity of the disk caused by changes in metal abundances. The disk inclination is similar to that inferred from the jet axis, and oscillates by ∼10°. The simultaneous Chandra data show the presence of two wind components with velocities between 500 and 5000 km s−1, and possibly two more with velocities reaching 20,000 km s−1 (∼0.06 c). The column densities are ∼5 × 1022 cm−2. An upper limit to the wind response time of 2 s is measured, implying a launch radius of <6 × 1010 cm. The changes in wind velocity and absorbed flux require the geometry of the wind to change during the oscillations, constraining the wind to be launched from a distance of 290–1300 r

g
from the black hole. Both data sets support fundamental model predictions in which a bulge originates in the inner disk and moves outward as the instability progresses.
THE PAndAS VIEW OF THE ANDROMEDA SATELLITE SYSTEM. II. DETAILED PROPERTIES OF 23 M31 DWARF SPHEROIDAL GALAXIES
Authors: Martin Nicolas F. , Ibata Rodrigo A. , Lewis Geraint F. , McConnachie Alan , Babul Arif , Bate Nicholas F. , Bernard Edouard , Chapman Scott C. , Collins Michelle M. L. , Conn Anthony R. , Crnojević Denija , Fardal Mark A. , Ferguson Annette M. N. , Irwin Michael , Mackey A. Dougal , McMonigal Brendan , Navarro Julio F. , Rich R. Michael
Published: December 2016

We present a comprehensive analysis of the structural properties and luminosities of the 23 dwarf spheroidal galaxies that fall within the footprint of the Pan-Andromeda Archaeological Survey (PAndAS). These dwarf galaxies represent the large majority of Andromeda’s known satellite dwarf galaxies and cover a wide range in luminosity (

or

) and surface brightness (

mag arcsec−2). We confirm most previous measurements, but we find And XIX to be significantly larger than before (

,

) and cannot derive parameters for And XXVII as it is likely not a bound stellar system. We also significantly revise downward the luminosities of And XV and And XVI, which are now

or

. Finally, we provide the first detailed analysis of Cas II/And XXX, a fairly faint system (

) of typical size (

), located in close proximity to the two bright elliptical dwarf galaxies NGC 147 and NGC 185. Combined with the set of homogeneous distances published in an earlier contribution, our analysis dutifully tracks all relevant sources of uncertainty in the determination of the properties of the dwarf galaxies from the PAndAS photometric catalog. We further publish the posterior probability distribution functions of all the parameters we fit for in the form of MCMC chains available online; these inputs should be used in any analysis that aims to remain truthful to the data and properly account for covariance between parameters.
SUPRATHERMAL ELECTRON STRAHL WIDTHS IN THE PRESENCE OF NARROW-BAND WHISTLER WAVES IN THE SOLAR WIND
Authors: Kajdič P. , Alexandrova O. , Maksimovic M. , Lacombe C. , Fazakerley A. N.
Published: December 2016

We perform the first statistical study of the effects of the interaction of suprathermal electrons with narrow-band whistler mode waves in the solar wind (SW). We show that this interaction does occur and that it is associated with enhanced widths of the so-called strahl component. The latter is directed along the interplanetary magnetic field away from the Sun. We do the study by comparing the strahl pitch angle widths in the SW at 1 AU in the absence of large scale discontinuities and transient structures, such as interplanetary shocks, interplanetary coronal mass ejections, stream interaction regions, etc. during times when the whistler mode waves were present and when they were absent. This is done by using the data from two Cluster instruments: Spatio Temporal Analysis of Field Fluctuations experiment (STAFF) data in the frequency range between ∼0.1 and ∼200 Hz were used for determining the wave properties and Plasma Electron And Current Experiment (PEACE) data sets at 12 central energies between ∼57 eV (equivalent to ∼10 typical electron thermal energies in the SW, E

T
) and ∼676 eV (∼113 E

T
) for pitch angle measurements. Statistical analysis shows that, during the intervals with the whistler waves, the strahl component on average exhibits pitch angle widths between 2° and 12° larger than during the intervals when these waves are not present. The largest difference is obtained for the electron central energy of ∼344 eV (∼57 E

T
).
ACCURATE OH MASER POSITIONS FROM THE SPLASH PILOT REGION
Authors: Qiao Hai-Hua , Walsh Andrew J. , Green James A. , Breen Shari L. , Dawson J. R. , Ellingsen Simon P. , Gómez José F. , Jordan Christopher H. , Shen Zhi-Qiang , Lowe Vicki , Jones Paul A.
Published: December 2016

We report on high spatial resolution observations, using the Australia Telescope Compact Array (ATCA), of ground-state OH masers. These observations were carried out toward 196 pointing centers previously identified in the Southern Parkes Large-Area Survey in Hydroxyl (SPLASH) pilot region, between Galactic longitudes of 334° and 344° and Galactic latitudes of −2° and +2°. Supplementing our data with data from the MAGMO (Mapping the Galactic Magnetic field through OH masers) survey, we find maser emission toward 175 of the 196 target fields. We conclude that about half of the 21 nondetections were due to intrinsic variability. Due to the superior sensitivity of the followup ATCA observations, and the ability to resolve nearby sources into separate sites, we have identified 215 OH maser sites toward the 175 fields with detections. Among these 215 OH maser sites, 111 are new detections. After comparing the positions of these 215 maser sites to the literature, we identify 122 (57%) sites associated with evolved stars (one of which is a planetary nebula), 64 (30%) with star formation, two sites with supernova remnants, and 27 (13%) of unknown origin. The infrared colors of evolved star sites with symmetric maser profiles tend to be redder than those of evolved star sites with asymmetric maser profiles, which may indicate that symmetric sources are generally at an earlier evolutionary stage.
Opportunities of the Ministry of Defence in Promoting the Framework Nations Concept
Authors: Havel Ondřej , Novotný Antonín
Published: December 2016

After several years of reducing of the Czech defence budget there is a reversal and the Czech MoD begins to manage the increased budget especially for Czech Armed Forces capability development. The Czech Armed Forces is for many years actively involved in the process sharing multi-national capabilities of NATO. Among the former activities such as Smart Defence and Connected Forces Initiative, is also initiative Framework Nations Concept. This article analyzes the overall framework of this initiative, direction and development of this concept.
Utilization of Selected Methods of Strategic Analysis in Key Documents of The Czech Ministry of Defence
Authors: Melichar Josef , Mašlej Miroslav , Šafrová-Drášilová Alena
Published: December 2016

The article brings results of the analysis of 14 national documents and 14 Czech Ministry of Defence internal documents. Document analysis showed the lack of traceability and verifiability of the methods, and that the methods of strategic analysis were usually used incorrectly, or incompletely. A proposal that can improve the situation is following: creation of a repository of processed strategic information, and the establishment of a specialized department, which will deal with the processing of strategic information and data, and will also create conditions for the creation of institutional knowledge. Another part of the proposed solution is also the inclusion of the topic of aggregating and processing complex analyses into the education system for all the staff presumed in participation in the strategic planning.
Russian Involvement in the Conflict in Eastern Ukraine Over the Period April 2014 - February 2015 (Part 1)
Authors: Halačka Tomáš
Published: December 2016

This study deals with selected aspects of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine in Luhansk and Donetsk region in period of April 2014 - to February 2015. Study is divided in two subsequent articles. The first article consists of introduction, theoretic-methodological part, analytical part and short summary, which defines main features of Russians engagement in the conflict. Theoretic-methodological part deals with terminological, theoretical and methodological background of analysis, including generally approach of Russian federation to security policy. Analytical part is divided in to the two partial chapters. The first deals with main Russian objective in the conflict. The second deals with the phases of Russian engagement.
Arming Georgia in the Context of its Efforts to Join NATO
Authors: Dyčka Lukáš , Faus Pavel
Published: December 2016

This text focuses on process of armament policy of the Armed Forces of Georgia and how it was influenced by country's effort to join NATO. Authors argue that Georgia's proclaimed pro-western ambitions should have also been reflected in the process of materiel procurement. Authors investigate the time period from 2003 to 2008 when growing military expenditures reached it's top. Text shows that only few major acquisitions in that period were focused on western military equipment and that Georgia's military acquisitions did not reflect countrys inclination towards west and NATO.
La comptabilité publique à Malte : vers une adoption des IPSAS dans le contexte de l’Union européenne
Authors: Jones Rowan , Caruana Josette
Published: December 2016

Le Gouvernement central de Malte procède à une réforme comptable basée sur la comptabilité d’exercice depuis 1999. Initialement, la réforme comptable basée sur la comptabilité d’exercice envisageait le développement et la mise en œuvre d’un ensemble sur mesure de normes comptables. Celles-ci ont été développées, mais pas mises en œuvre. En 2011, le Gouvernement central de Malte a préféré décider d’adopter les IPSAS dans leur ensemble. Au moyen de recherches documentaires étayées par des interviews, la présente étude s’efforce d’identifier les facteurs sous-jacents qui ont présidé à cette décision. Le cadre institutionnel théorique est utilisé pour analyser les conclusions. Celles-ci démontrent qu’à Malte, la crédibilité est considérée comme le facteur primordial, qui sera fourni par l’adoption de normes internationalement reconnues et acceptées. D’aucuns affirment que les pressions de l’UE n’ont joué aucun rôle dans la décision du gouvernement maltais en matière de politique comptable, mais un courant sous-jacent de ce type de pression se manifeste. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens Le fait que les données d’exercice soient générées à partir du système comptable compte parmi les avantages d’un système de comptabilité d’exercice ; mais ces données d’exercice doivent encore être révisées pour être conformes au SEC. La solution proposée par la Commission européenne consiste à remanier les IPSAS et à minimiser les différences avec le SEC. La faisabilité de cette solution est sujette à caution, étant donné que les objectifs des IPSAS et du SEC sont différents et renvoient à des types de rapports dissemblables. Ils visent à mesurer la même chose, à savoir les déficits et les dettes d’un gouvernement, mais il n’en est rien. Afin d’envisager une telle convergence, il faudrait qu’une mesure financière cède la place à l’autre.
Évaluer l’imputabilité formelle des politiques publiques : le cas de la politique de la santé en Espagne
Authors: Pérez Durán Ixchel
Published: December 2016

La présente étude a pour but de présenter un cadre d’analyse et d’évaluation de l’imputabilité pour les politiques publiques. Je commence par proposer deux dimensions pour l’analyse de l’imputabilité des politiques (la dimension informative/justificative, et la dimension évaluative/de sanction), appliquées à la phase de mise en œuvre de la politique et plus particulièrement à trois éléments déterminants qui composent cette phase (les acteurs responsables, les ressources et les résultats stratégiques). Deuxièmement, je propose d’évaluer l’imputabilité d’une politique publique en partant du degré de formalisation et, plus précisément, du respect de quatre caractéristiques de son cadre réglementaire : le caractère spécifique, le contraignant, le public et l’autonome. Troisièmement, je propose une application empirique de cette proposition à l’analyse de la politique de la santé en Espagne, dont le modèle décentralisé, où les gouvernements régionaux sont responsables de sa mise en œuvre, permet d’analyser les différences dans les niveaux d’imputabilité de cette politique à l’échelle des régions. Remarques à l’intention des praticiens La présente étude vise à épingler et à limiter les composantes pouvant être intégrées dans l’analyse de l’imputabilité des politiques publiques en proposant un cadre analytique pouvant servir à mesurer et comparer les niveaux d’imputabilité pour différents types de politiques (santé, éducation, pensions, etc.) dans différents contextes (pays, régions, gouvernements locaux, etc.). Afin de vérifier la validité de la proposition développée ici, nous proposons dans le présent article une application empirique de l’analyse de la politique de la santé en Espagne, dont le modèle décentralisé permet d’analyser les différences dans l’imputabilité entre différents gouvernements régionaux.
L’avènement de la ville intelligente
Authors: Picon Antoine
Published: December 2016

Quel est le sens que l’on donne à la ville intelligente ? Qu’est-ce que cette ville intelligente ? Et quel sens donner à cette révolution technologique qui est en symbiose avec la transformation des villes ? Ces questions nous amènent à une réflexion prospective sur la ville contemporaine afin de relever les caractéristiques essentielles et remettre l’individu au centre du débat.
Doutes, fantaisies et délires : smart cities, une approche critique
Authors: Rozestraten Artur
Published: December 2016

Ce texte interroge le modèle urbanistique de la smart city, en prenant comme point de départ les doutes de Le Corbusier concernant Chandigarh et les perspectives critiques qu’ils offrent sur le modèle urbain de la Ville Radieuse et de la Charte d’Athènes. À partir de ce doute fondamental, le texte propose une reconnaissance du potentiel technique qui alimente aussi bien le modèle de la smart city que les poétiques divergentes et les alternatives critiques qui s’y opposent. Deux phases des smart cities sont alors délimitées qui témoignent des transformations historiques et des adaptations stratégiques du modèle au cours des dernières années. Le texte expose ensuite les cas qui sont en contradiction avec le modèle de la smart city, et suggère l’exploration d’ouvertures spéculatives au-delà des limites de l’excellence technique, dans un champ proprement technologique.
Y a-t-il un pilote dans la smart city ?
Authors: Marzloff Bruno
Published: December 2016

La violente irruption de la donnée dans le champ urbain remet à plat la ville que nous voulons : une cité des services ? Dans notre analyse, nous ne partons pas de la donnée mais à l’inverse des acteurs concernés, soit parce qu’ils sont sujets des collectes et consommateurs des data-services qui en sont issus (citoyens, usagers), soit parce qu’ils œuvrent à cette industrie (le système éco-numérique), soit parce qu’ils tentent d’accompagner le mouvement (les « civic techs »), soit enfin et surtout l’acteur public, parce que ce nouveau paysage bouscule la définition même du service urbain (public ou non) et la gouvernance de la cité. Un écosystème est en gestation sans que le référentiel d’hier soit d’une grande aide tant la puissance de la donnée rebat les cartes. Qui détient le pouvoir ? Qui est légitime ? Quel statut pour le service urbain – public, privé, mixte ? Ne faut-il pas inventer une maîtrise d’usage publique pour affronter ces nouveaux enjeux ?
L’imaginaire technologique : entre approche interprétative et vecteur d’innovation des habitats humains contemporains
Authors: Leite Julieta
Published: December 2016

Cet article propose d’interpréter l’espace urbain à partir de son imaginaire et des formes d’interaction sociale élaborées et médiées par les technologies de l’information et de la communication digitale, dans une perspective théorique et multidisciplinaire. La diffusion de l’usage des technologies dans le quotidien a modifié la manière dont l’homme expérimente, reconnaît et élabore ses espaces de vie, de même que les formes d’interaction sociale qui y prennent place. Nous ferons un bref historique de la relation entre le développement des villes et leur construction imaginaire. On peut identifier dans l’élaboration de l’imaginaire urbain un substrat commun d’images et de significations intersubjectives qui participent de la construction de formes sensibles d’interaction sociale et du processus de production de sens liés à l’espace. Ce parcours nous aidera à comprendre le contexte urbain actuel reconfiguré autour de ses dimensions esthético-sociales, elles-mêmes associées aux espaces hybrides et aux objets technologiques. Nous terminerons avec l’idée d’ espace imaginal comme proposition d’interprétation de l’espace urbain contemporain où l’on considère l’imaginaire comme « lieu » où se manifestent les traits d’une culture et qui permet l’interprétation de l’espace collectif.
De la ciudad digital a la ciudad aumentada
Authors: Liñares Louzao Silvia
Published: December 2016

Dans le passé, et en raison des changements apportés par les Nouvelles Technologies de l’Information et de la Communication (NTIC), on s’est engagé de plus en plus dans un nouveau modèle de ville en fonction des nouveaux besoins sociaux. Cet article vise à aborder dans une perspective descriptive le modèle de ce type de ville. Pour ce faire, nous allons partir du concept de ville numérique et mettre en perspective un modèle de ville au-delà de la voie numérique. L’ampleur de la ville numérique et la mise en œuvre de la ville augmentée introduisent un nouveau modèle de planification urbaine dans le contexte de la société de l’information. Le marketing territorial et les NTIC sont un soutien essentiel pour la concrétisation de ce modèle. Les objectifs se concentrent sur l’exploration de ce nouveau scénario et l’explication de ce phénomène croissant. À travers les différents services offerts par ce type de villes, nous pouvons assurer le degré de consolidation de ces dernières et en particulier le degré d’implication et de participation des citoyens à ces services. Nous proposons une recherche en ligne à travers deux cas : la ville de Melbourne et la ville de Barcelone.
Changing Strabismus Surgery Distribution at Shanxi Province Eye Hospital in Central China
Authors: Li Jun Hong , Xie Wen Fang , Tian Jiao Ni , Zhang Li Jun , Cao Miao Miao , Wang Li
Published: December 2016

Purpose:

To investigate whether there has been a changing trend of strabismus surgery in a provincial eye hospital in the central part of China over the past decade.

Methods:

This was a retrospective analysis of data on all strabismus surgery performed in Shanxi Province Eye Hospital in China during the past 10 years. Recorded characteristics included patient demographics, type of strabismus, age, and gender.

Results:

A total of 12,327 patients received strabismus surgery in the eye hospital from 2005 to 2014. The number of surgeries increased steadily from 800 in 2005 to 1,723 in 2014 (P< .01). Constant exotropia was the most common type among all types of strabismus. Superior oblique muscle palsy was the most common type of paralytic strabismus. Exotropia oblique A- and V-pattern type was the most common type of special strabismus.

Conclusions:

The amount of strabismus surgery increased during the past decade. The proportion of patients with intermittent exotropia increased over time compared to those with other types of strabismus.

[J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.2017;54(2):112–116.]
Factors Predictive of Success in Probing for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction
Authors: Beato João , Mota Ágata , Gonçalves Nuno , Santos-Silva Renato , Magalhães Augusto , Breda Jorge , Falcão-Reis Fernando
Published: December 2016

Purpose:

To report the success rate of children undergoing probing for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) and the factors relating to the failure of the procedure.

Methods:

This retrospective case series included 88 eyes of 62 patients, aged 1 to 138 months, who underwent probing between January 2008 and December 2014 in the Pediatric Ophthalmology Unit of Centro Hospitalar São João. The procedure was performed in the operating room under general anesthesia. Surgical success was defined as successful lacrimal irrigation in-traoperatively and resolution of epiphora at the follow-up visit 1 month after surgery.

Results:

The overall success rate after first probing was 77.3% (68 of 88 eyes). No differences were found regarding age (
P
= .546), gender (
P
= .740), surgical experience (
P
= .611), or laterality (
P
= .328) between children who were cured and not cured. The surgical success rate decreased in children older than 4 years, although not to a statistically significant degree (
P
= .190). Surgical success after second probing was 85.7% (12 of 14 eyes), and the median interval between the two procedures was 3 months (range: 2 to 54 months). In 30% (7 of 20 eyes, 4 of 13 patients) of children with persistent obstruction, otorhinolaryngology evaluation evinced an adenoid hypertrophy requiring surgical correction.

Conclusions:

The success rate of nasolacrimal probing for CNLDO was not related to age, gender, laterality, or the surgeon's experience. Otorhinolaryngology evaluation is recommended for unresponsive patients.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus.
2017;54(2):123–127.]
Medical Management of Blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in Children: A Delphi Consensus
Authors: Daniel Moritz Claudius , O'Gallagher Michael , Hingorani Melanie , Larkin Daniel F. , Tuft Stephen , Dahlmann-Noor Annegret
Published: December 2016

Purpose:

To describe a pragmatic approach to the medical management of blepharokeratoconjunctivitis in children, based on published evidence and clinical experience.

Methods:

The authors used the Delphi consensus method to explore the preferred management patterns of four senior clinicians at one institution to reach agreement on indications and dosage schedules for commonly used treatments. Four iterations were created, with electronic questionnaires distributed via an online survey platform. Initial questions were based on recent systematic reviews and clinical experience. After each round, a facilitator summarized the responses and fed these back to the expert participants, together with an invitation to complete the next round of questions.

Results:

Typical and specific eyelid, corneal, and conjunctival disease features influenced management decisions, and treatments were targeted toward specific findings in these tissues rather than to overall disease severity. Active keratitis was considered the main indication for high potency steroids, systemic antibiotics, and possibly systemic immunomodulators. Other indications for systemic antibiotics were chronic active blepharitis and recurrent troublesome chalazia. Oral antibiotics were used for their anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties. There was little agreement on the role of dietary modification, topical lubricants, and preference for oral or topical antibiotics.

Conclusions:

Detailed clinical assessment of eyelids and ocular surface allows targeted treatment. Research is needed to clarify disease mechanisms and to optimize treatment strategies.

[
J Pediatr Ophthalmol Strabismus
. 2017;54(3):156–162.]