bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Characterisation of a major adult plant resistance gene in the South African winter wheat cultivar PAN 3161
Authors: Chemonges Martin , Herselman Liezel , Pretorius Zacharias A. , Maré Ansori , Boshoff Willem H.P.
Published: March 2022

Stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), poses a threat to wheat production in South Africa (SA). The locally developed winter wheat cultivar PAN 3161 has consistently displayed adult plant resistance (APR) to stem rust, prompting an investigation into the genetics thereof. An F2 population was developed from a cross between PAN 3161 and the susceptible parent Line 37 − 07 and tested against Pgt race PTKST in the field. F3 families were also assessed in the field to confirm the F2 segregation ratios. Molecular marker genotyping combined with bulk segregant analysis (BSA) on 128 F2 plants identified markers on the short arm of chromosome 4D to be linked to stem rust resistance. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) marker wmc720 flanked the APR gene, SrPan3161, distally at 1.8 cM. Five co-segregating SSR markers gpw7414, gpw8038, wmc52, psp3103 and cfd23 flanked SrPan3161 proximally at 1.8 cM. PAN 3161 tested negative for Lr67/Yr46/Sr55/Pm46/Ltn3, and linked (csSNP856) and diagnostic single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers (SNP1-TM4 and SNP2-TM10). Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analysis was performed to confirm linkage mapping results and identified a single major QTL that explained 71.5% of the phenotypic variation for resistance to Pgt race PTKST. The closely linked SSR markers psp3103 and cfd23 were 100% predictive of SrPan3161 in a set of 55 wheat cultivars and breeding lines, thus validating chromosome 4D as the region carrying SrPan3161 and their potential effectiveness in marker-assisted selection. Results suggest that SrPan3161 was introduced into South African winter wheat through the cultivar Tugela (pedigree Kavkaz/Jaral), first released for production in 1985.
Molecular biophilicity modeling of soluble small molecule properties in cell surface interaction and internalization
Authors: Sarin Hemant
Published: March 2022

Introduction:
Biochemical interactions occur in vivo between small solubilizing molecules and intracellular membrane proteins due to differences in intermolecular affinity. Here, this relationship is further explored by in silico modeling of partitioning solvation parameters and proportion of molecular structure lipophilicity to hydrophilicity.
Methods
The partial bond length vdWV diameter (vdWDpb, nm) is applied for correlative modeling of diameter or volume normalized fractional solubility (Log S), partition coefficient (Log P). Method I (Sf) small molecules stratified as Tier I, Tier II or Tier III are multivariate modeled based on the degree of halogenated atom substitution. Method II (Sh) small molecules are modeled by subtractive hydrophilicity. Method III is developed for improved correlation of Log S to Log P for halogen heavy atom and multiple covalent bond-containing small molecules is developed as per: Log S = (Log P + a · Log PMW vdWD HAL or NON−HAL) · vdWDpb (fract, nm). The Linternal (or external) structure · Hpolar group −1 quotient is further normalized for alternating exterior methyln−1 group (CH2) biophilicity for determination of complex small molecule interaction at the cell surface.
Results
Method 1 Tier I, II and III MW-to-vdWDpb diameter correlative solubility for halogenate substituents is - Log S · vdWDpb − 1 (Da− 1 vol) = 1.020, 1.090 and 1.227 · (- Log S · vdWDpb− 1, nm− 1 vol) – B1, 2 or 3 (R2 = 0.9955, R2 = 0.9999, R2 = 0.9996). Method II-to-Log SPRED vdWVpb− 1 normalized correlative solubility is Log SVL · vdWVpb− 1 (nm− 1) = 2.7628 · (Log SCALC · vdWVpb− 1, nm− 1) − 0.4708 (R2 = 0.9895, r = 0.995). Method III MW vdWDpb-normalized molecules and vdWDpb normalized vdWDMW Da (0.01095 · RT)−1 relationship is 1.4863 (x) − 0.2615 (R2 = 0.992, r = − 0.995). Based on the L · Hpolar group−1, the interval range for cytosolic interaction at the periplasmic membrane is L · H− 1 > 0.057 < 0.093, and that for interaction with caveolin-associated protein is L · H− 1 0.093 < 0.297 (0.301) or with clathrin-AP is L · H− 1 0.301 ≤ (0.480) 0.497.
Conclusions
The fractional solubility-partition coefficient relationship is developed herein with partial bond length molecular diameter normalization and it is applicable to determination of small molecule solvation. The soluble small molecule structure-to-protein structure philicity relationship is determined to be predictive in sub-typing of complex linear and heterocyclic molecule cell surface interactions. There is further applicability of the findings for QSAR modeling of small molecule channel or receptor interactions.
A Model for Identifying the Most Effective Contract Type in Construction Companies
Authors: Taye Gizatie Desalegn , Shiferaw Abreham Assefa , Feleke Yibelital Alemu
Published: March 2022

Construction managers that are conversant with project management knowledge areas handle the construction project. Intelligent means discerning or looking about, and these construction managers are well-versed in their fields. However, the majority of construction projects in construction companies fail around the world, particularly in low-income countries such as Ethiopia, due to a lack of construction project managers who are unfamiliar with contract management that are used without considering the company's situations and project contexts. The goal of this research is to create a machine-learning-based prediction model for finding the most effective contract type in construction companies. Data from Ethiopian construction enterprises and associations (particularly from the Amhara National Regional State Job & Training Bureau and its branches in Addis Zemen, Woreta, and Debre Tabor) were collected using a purposeful sample strategy. Support vector machines scored 93 %, decision trees scored 92.30 %, and K-nearest neighbors scored 91.20 %, and logistic regression scored 88 % on the testing data set, respectively. Furthermore, in comparison to the other classifiers, Support vector machines outperformed the best in the experiments. The study suggests gathering more building project datasets from construction businesses and comparing them to our findings to determine the most effective contract type.
Theoretical investigation of coupling of surface plasmons in one-dimensional periodic structure of SiO2 and TiO2 with defect of nanocomposite of liquid crystals and core-shell nanoparticles
Authors: Gupta Vishal , Singh Pawan , Thapa Khem B.
Published: March 2022

In this work, we theoretically investigate the coupling of localized surface plasmons resonances (LSPRs) of core-shell nanoparticles embedded in the host liquid crystal, where the near field enhancement in the host matrix tunes the optical properties. The effect of different radii of spherical core-shell nanoparticles of silver core and silicon shell (Ag@Si) in the E7 liquid crystals is also discussed. The coupling of LSPRs through the near field enhancement in the E7LC + Ag@Si nanocomposite (NC) layer yields to tune the optical transmissions. LPSRs depend on the radii of core-shell structures shows redshift and blue shifts in which controlled transmissions of one-dimensional photonic crystals (1-DPCs) with defect of NC layer have been discussed using transfer matrix method (TMM) in this study. The filling fractions of core-shell nanostructure and the incident angles of the electromagnetic wave also affect the transmission properties of designed 1-DPC with a structure (TiO2|SiO2)5|NC|(TiO2|SiO2)5. The studies of proposed structure reveal to design the energy efficient optical filters, sensors, solar cells, photo-detectors and all-optical switching devices.
Earthquake Predicting and Tectonic Stress Reducing Possibilities
Authors: Kachakhidze Manana , Kachakhidze-Murphy Nino
Published: March 2022

Recent satellite and ground-based observations prove that during the earthquake formative period VLF/LF and ULF electromagnetic emissions are observed in seismogenic areas. The present consolidated paper describes a theoretical model of the generation of electromagnetic emissions detected during the earthquake preparation periods, a scheme of the earthquake prediction methodology, the possible methods of the large earthquake prediction on the basis of the European Network data. The offered methods are capable of simultaneous determination of all three characteristic parameters necessary for incoming earthquake prediction. Today existing networks, detect this electromagnetic radiation, consisting of stationary transmitters and receivers. Since in some cases these networks are unable to detect any electromagnetic radiation, we have suggested the possible arrangements of the VLF/LF mobile network. The paper offers a completely different view of seismic risk assessing and reducing the accumulated tectonic stress in the earthquake focus as well.
Determining The Impact of A Guided Workshop on The Educational Use of Social Networking Sites Among Medical and Health Sciences Students; A Cross Campus Study
Authors: Dash Nihar Ranjan , Hasswan Ahmed Alrazzak , Dias Jacqueline Maria , Abdullah Natasya , Eladl Mohamed Ahmed , Khalaf Khaled , Farooq Ajmal , Guraya Salman Yousuf
Published: March 2022

BackgroundIn recent years, social networking sites (SNSs) have evolved beyond connection and networking to become a powerful instructional tool. There is still a dearth of knowledge on the professional use of SNS for education particularly among students from diverse backgrounds. This study examined the extent and pattern of usage SNS in education across six institutions and then conducted an interventional workshop to fortify and regulate the educational use of SNS. MethodsThis multicenter study was done in two phases. In the first phase, an online cross-sectional survey using a validated inventory was conducted to determine the prevalence, extent, and preferences of SNS usage by students in medicine, health sciences and dentistry across six centers. Later, the second phase of the study was undertaken in a 60-minute guided live workshop on the appropriate use of SNS for academics. Additionally, a pre- and post-test survey were conducted to assess the workshop's impact and outcome.ResultsOf the 1722 respondents, 1553 (90%) reported using SNS with the frequency of once a month to three to five times per day for education and to stay in touch with others. Most agreed with the benefits of SNS for education mainly in terms of information gathering, networking and collaboration. Twitter, Instagram, and Pinterest were noted as the most preferred SNS for education. Nevertheless, 63% perceived that a proper counselling was necessary for the efficient use of SNS. Following the guided workshop, there was a significant improvement in web technology understanding, digital professionalism, and their skills and knowledge on the productive use of SNS. Students rated efficient for conceptual learning, connection to community practice, e-portfolio, and collaborative learning as the top four major teaching and learning strategies, respectively, in the post-workshop survey.ConclusionOur study demonstrates that SNS can be potentially used as essential learning tools in medical education. However, SNS usage should be regulated and guided for a more collegial and coherent learning climate in the digital realm. We urge the medical educators to integrate SNS into their courses for a technologically advanced and impactful curriculum.
Genetic structure and trait variation within a maple hybrid zone in North China provide evolutionary and ecological insights for ancient lineage evolution
Authors: Wang Hong-Fang , Yang Rui , Deng Ya-Wen , Liu Yan , Zhao Jing , Bao Lei , Ge Jian-Ping
Published: March 2022

Secondary contact zones can provide valuable evolutionary and ecological insights for elucidating patterns of divergent lineage evolution. The tertiary relict flora in East Asia can be divided into northern (“NEA”) and southern (“SEA”) regions. To date however, secondary contact zones of lineages from the NEA and SEA regions have rarely been studied. To test whether introgression occur between the ancient lineages and their evolutionary and ecological consequences, we conducted detailed genetic and ecological work within a maple hybrid zone in North China. Genetic structures of both adults and seeds populations were characterized. Spatial genetic pattern was checked along an altitude gradient. Flowering phenology was analyzed to test the existence of assortative mating. Leaf and fruit morphologies were compared between lineages. Our study confirm introgression occur between NEA and SEA lineages. Post-pollinator barriers predominantly contribute to a reduction in interlineage gene flow. Ecological niche differs between lineages along an altitudinal gradient. We clarify a long-standing classification debate with respect to Acer pictum subsp. mono and A. truncatum, though there are extensive morphological variation and overlaps between the species pair. Our study represents the first few detailed evolution and ecological investigation focusing on ancient NEA-SEA lineages hybrid zone.
A randomized double blind comparison of atosiban in patients with recurrent implantation failure undergoing IVF treatment
Authors: Tang Chuan Ling , Li Qi Yue , Chen Feng Lian , Cai Chen Ting , Dong Yue Yan , Wu Yuan Yuan , Yang Jian Zhi , Zhao Mei , Chi Feng Li , Hong Ling , Ai Ai , Chen Miao Xin , Li Kun Ming , Teng Xiao Ming , Chen Zhi Qin
Published: March 2022

Background: Patients with recurrent implantation failure (RIF) may have more uterine contractions. Several observational studies suggested that atosiban administration around embryo transfer resulted in higher pregnancy rates in RIF patients. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of atosiban given before fresh embryo transfer on pregnancy outcomes of women with RIF.Methods: A prospective, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial was performed in IVF center of Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital. According to a computer-generated randomization list, 194 infertile women with RIF received fresh embryo transfer between July 2017 and December 2019 were randomly allocated into the atosiban (n=97) and the placebo (n=97) groups. Women in the treatment group received atosiban intravenously about 30 min before embryo transfer with a bolus dose of 6.75 mg over one minute. Those in the placebo group received only normal saline infusion for the same duration. Results: There was no significant difference in the live birth rate between the atosiban and placebo groups (42.3% vs 35.1%, P=0.302, RR=1.206 (0.844-1.723)). No significant differences were found between the two groups in the positive pregnancy test, clinical pregnancy, ongoing pregnancy, miscarriage, multiple pregnancy, ectopic pregnancy and implantation rates. Similar results were found when stratified by the number of embryos previously transferred, number of previous failed embryo transfers, frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day (≥3 waves/min) or serum estradiol (E2) on the day of hCG above the median level. And, there was no correlation between the serum E2 level on the day of hCG and the frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day. The frequency of endometrial peristalsis on embryo transfer day, total FSH/HMG dosage and duration were the significant factors which independently predicted the likelihood of a live birth.Conclusions: These results suggested that atosiban treatment before fresh embryo transfer might not improve the live birth rate in RIF patients. Trial registration: The study had been approved by the Institutional Review Board of the hospital (2017 ethics No.43) and was registered under Clinicaltrials.gov with an identifier NCT02893722.
Cognitive fatigue due to exercise under normobaric hypoxia is related to hypoxemia during exercise
Authors: Ochi Genta , Kuwamizu Ryuta , Suwabe Kazuya , Fukuie Takemune , Hyodo Kazuki , Soya Hideaki
Published: March 2022

We found that a 10-minute bout of moderate-intensity exercise (50% maximal oxygen uptake) under normobaric and hypoxic conditions (fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2] = 0.135) reduced executive performance measured by the color-word Stroop task (CWST) and neural activity in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), which is responsible for executive functions, using functional near-infrared spectroscopy. One of the potential physiological reasons for this would be the decrease in oxygen saturation (SpO2) that occurs during exercise under hypoxic environments. To test this hypothesis, we compared executive performance and related prefrontal activation between two experimental conditions, in which the participants inhaled normobaric hypoxic gas (FIO2 = 0.135) (hypoxic exercise [HE]) or milder hypoxic gas (FIO2 = 0.161 ± 1.8), which was adjusted so that SpO2 during exercise remained at the resting level (ME). As a result, the HE-induced reduction in left DLPFC activity and CWST performance was suppressed in the ME condition. These results suggest that cognitive fatigue caused by exercise in a hypoxic environment may be related to the decrease in SpO2 during exercise, which may lead to the development of a method to cope with cognitive fatigue due to exercise that causes hypoxemia during exercise, e.g., mountain climbing or strenuous exercise.
First record of the exotic caprellid Paracaprella pusilla (Amphipoda, Caprellidae) in the Peruvian coast
Authors: Chunga-Llauce Juan A. , Tapia-Ugaz Liliana , Santamaría José , Guerra-García José M.
Published: March 2022

Study of small-sized or taxonomically challenging taxa is mandatory to early detect exotic species. The caprellid Paracaprella pusilla has been successfully spreading in many world areas in the last decade. Biofouling from culture lanterns of bivalves Argopecten purpuratus and Pteria sterna were collected between February 2017 and November 2018 in Samanco Bay and Sechura Bay, Peru. This study represents the first record of P. pusilla in Peru, confirming that the species is expanding towards lower latitudes along Pacific coast of South America. Paracaprella pusilla was found mainly associated with the bryozoan Bugula neritina and hydrozoan Ectopleura cf. crocea. The present study contributes to the knowledge of the biodiversity of these crustaceans in the Peruvian coast, but it is recommended to increase sampling along the Southeast Pacific.
Invalidation of dieckol and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (PGG) as SARS-CoV-2 main protease inhibitors and the discovery of PGG as a papain-like protease inhibitor
Authors: Tan Haozhou , Ma Chunlong , Wang Jun
Published: March 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic spurred a broad interest in antiviral drug discovery. The SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) and papain-like protease (PLpro) are attractive antiviral drug targets given their vital roles in viral replication and modulation of host immune response. Structurally disparate compounds were reported as Mpro and PLpro inhibitors from either drug repurposing or rational design. Two polyphenols dieckol and 1,2,3,4,6-pentagalloylglucose (PGG) were recently reported as SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) inhibitors. With our continuous interest in studying the mechanism of inhibition and resistance of Mpro inhibitors, we report herein our independent validation/invalidation of these two natural products. Our FRET-based enzymatic assay showed that neither dieckol nor PGG inhibited SARS-CoV-2 Mpro (IC50 > 20 µM), which is in contrary to previous reports. Serendipitously, PGG was found to inhibit the SARS-CoV-2 papain-like protease (PLpro) with an IC50 of 3.90 µM. The binding of PGG to PLpro was further confirmed in the thermal shift assay. However, PGG was cytotoxic in 293T-ACE2 cells (CC50 = 7.7 µM), so its intracellular PLpro inhibitory activity could not be quantified by the cell-based Flip-GFP PLpro assay. In addition, we also invalidated ebselen, disulfiram, carmofur, PX12, and tideglusib as SARS-CoV-2 PLpro inhibitors using the Flip-GFP assay. Overall, our results call for stringent hit validation, and the serendipitous discovery of PGG as a putative PLpro inhibitor might worth further pursuing.
hucMSC treatment ameliorated pulmonary fibrosis via downregulating the circFOXP1–HuR–EZH2/STAT1/FOXK1 autophagic axis
Authors: Li Ruiqiong , Zhang Haitong , Zhang Jinjin , Ji Yunxia , Liu Wenbo , Liu Bo , song xiaodong , Lv Changjun , Li Hongbo , Li Minge
Published: March 2022

Background
Currently, no effective treatment has been developed for pulmonary fibrosis. This study was performed to determine the effect of human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell (hucMSC) treatment on pulmonary fibrosis and investigate the circFOXP1-mediated mechanism of hucMSC treatment on autophagy.
Methods
Pulmonary fibrosis models were established by spraying bleomycin in mice and TGF-β1 treatment of MRC-5 cell. The effect of hucMSC treatment was investigated using morphological and functional experiments. The mechanism of hucMSC treatment in pulmonary fibrosis was explored by gain- and loss-of-function studies and rescue experiments.
Results
Results showed that hucMSC treatment alleviated pulmonary fibrosis. Morphological staining indicated that hucMSC-treated mice had thinner alveolar wall, effectively improved alveolar structure, significantly reduced alveolar inflammation, and decreased collagen deposition than control mice. Fibrotic proteins, including vimentin, α-SMA, collagen I, and collagen III, and the differentiation-related protein S100 calcium binding protein A4 were reduced considerably in the hucMSC-treated group. The mechanistic study revealed that the inhibition of hucMSC treatment on pulmonary fibrogenesis depended on downregulating circFOXP1, in which hucMSC treatment promoted circFOXP1-mediated autophagy process via blocking the nuclear HuR translocation and promoting the HuR degradation, leading to a marked decrease in autophagy negative regulators EZH2, STAT1 and FOXK1.
Conclusion
hucMSC treatment significantly improved pulmonary fibrosis by downregulating the circFOXP1–HuR–EZH2/STAT1/FOXK1 autophagic axis. hucMSCs can act as an effective treatment for pulmonary fibrosis.
Activatable molecular rotor based on bithiophene quinolinlium toward viscosity detection in liquid
Authors: Xu Lingfeng , Zhao Jingyi , Xiong Fangzhi , Huang Yanrong , Deng Fei , Liu Limin
Published: March 2022

Noninvasive and effective viscosity inspection method during the liquid deterioration process is urgent to be developed, since viscosity is one of the most important physical parameter toward liquid. The method with rapid detection, high sensitivity, cheap equipment, and fast results output is obliged to be exploited. In this study, one kind of viscosity-sensitive molecular rotor (BTPEQ) with large Stokes shift (187 nm), and long emission wavelength (648 nm) has been developed. The rotor comprised bithiophene donor and quinolinium acceptor, and displayed typical twisted intramolecular-charge transfer (TICT) feature, with good photostability, selectivity, universality in various commercial liquids. With the aid of BTPEQ, the thickening effects of liquid thickeners can be captured. More importantly, BTPEQ was explored to visualize the viscosity variations in the liquids at different metamorphic stages, and found that the microenvironment viscosity level is highly dependent on the liquid food metamorphic period. It is noting that this approach can facilitate the continued perfection of fluorescent analytical methods toward food quality and safety inspection.
Schizophrenia Diagnosis via FFT and Wavelet Convolutional Neural Networks utilizing EEG signals
Authors: Saeedi Maryam , Saeedi Abdolkarim , Mohammadi Pooya
Published: March 2022

BackgroundSchizophrenia is a chronic mental illness in which a person's perception of reality is distorted. Early diagnosis can help to manage symptoms and increase long-term treatment. The electroencephalogram (EEG) is now used to diagnose certain mental disorders. MethodIn this paper, we developed an artificial intelligence methodology built on deep convolutional neural networks with specialized layers. In the first phase, we used the Gramian Angular Field (GAF) including two methods: Gramian Angular Summation Field (GASF) and Gramian Angular Difference Field (GADF) to represent the EEG signals as various types of images. Then, well-known CNN architectures includes of Transformer CNN-LSTM and two new custom architectures which utilizing two-dimensional Fast Fourier transform layers (CNN-FFT) and wavelet transform layers (CNN-Wavelet) are preformed to extract useful information from the data. These layers allow automated feature extraction from EEG representation in the time and frequency domains. ResultsCNN-FFT and Transformer models derive most valuable features from signals based on the findings. CNN-FFT obtained the highest accuracy of 99.04 percent. Transformer, which has a 98.32 percent accuracy rate, also performs admirably. ConclusionThis experiment outperformed other previous studies. Consequently, the strategy can aid medical practitioners in automated detection and early treatment of schizophrenia. The code of the work is also publicly available on github: https://github.com/i1idan/schizophreniadiagnosis-eeg-signals
Comparing CMIP6 climate model simulations of annual global mean temperatures to data
Authors: Guttorp Peter , Craigmile Peter
Published: March 2022

A new approach to validating climate models is introduced. First, four data series are combined into one data product
using a hierarchical statistical approach. The resulting estimates of trend and residual spectral density functions are provided with simultaneous error bands. A similar decomposition is made for CMIP6 historical simulations, and the trend and spectral density estimates are plotted on top of the data-based bands. We find that 4 out of 58 models have trends fitting inside the bands, and that 6 out of 58 have spectral density functions agreeing with the data. The difference in the
average temperatures from 1995--2014 relative to 1880--1899 is more often smaller in the model runs than in the data.
In Cellulo Kinase Screen Identifies Potential MASTL Substrates
Authors: Marzec Kamila A , Rogers Samuel , McCloy Rachael , Parker Benjamin L , James David E , Watkins D. Neil , Burgess Andrew
Published: March 2022

MASTL (microtubule-associated serine/threonine kinase-like) has emerged as a critical regulator of mitosis and as a potential oncogene in a variety of cancer types. To date, Arpp-19/ENSA are the only known substrates of MASTL. However, with the roles of MASTL expanding and increased interest in development of MASTL inhibitors, it has become critical to determine if there are additional substrates and what the optimal consensus motif for MASTL is. Here we utilized a whole cell lysate (in cellulo) kinase screen approach combined with stable isotope labelling of amino acids in cell culture to identify potential substrates and a consensus motif of MASTL. Using the related AGC kinase family members AKT1/2, the in cellulo assay identified several known and new substrates highly enriched with the validated consensus motif for AKT. Applying this method to MASTL identified 59 phospho-sites on 26 novel proteins significantly increased in the presence of active MASTL. Subsequent in vitro kinase assays confirmed that MASTL was capable of phosphorylating hnRNPM, YB1, RPS6, TUBA1C, and RPL36A under some conditions. Taken together, these data suggest that MASTL may phosphorylate several additional substrates, providing insight into the ever-increasing biological functions and roles MASTL plays in driving cancer progression and therapy resistance.
miR-138 from adipose-derived stem-cell exosomes accelerates wound healing in diabetic rats through targeting SIRT1/PTEN signaling to promote angiogenesis and fibrosis
Authors: Li Maoquan , Li Xue , Hu Nan , Zhang Miaomiao , Han Jianhong , Sun Yi , HualanYang
Published: March 2022

Background: Exosome (Exo) secretion by adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) promotes cutaneous wound healing through the transfer of bioactive molecules. miR-138 is a micro (mi)RNA that stimulates endothelial progenitor cells and promotes the proliferation and locomotion of human scar fibroblasts (HSFs). However, the underlying molecular mechanism is unclear. Methods: miR-138 activity in Exo-mediated healing was investigated through isolating exosomes by ultracentrifugation from control ADSCs or ADSCs expressing miR-138 and injecting them into full-thickness skin wounds in a rat diabetes model. Wound healing was evaluated according to the wound closure rate, histology, and immunofluorescence staining. Cultures of HSFs and human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs) were treated with Exos from wild-type and miR-138-modified ADSCs under high glucose (HG) conditions. Cell proliferation and apoptosis were measured with cell counting kit (CCK)-8 assays and flow cytometry. Cell migration was assayed in Transwell chambers, and the effects of miR-138 on Exo-mediated angiogenesis and protein expression were evaluated. The miR-138 targets were identified with luciferase reporter assays. Results: ADSC-Exos were incorporated by endothelial cells and HSFs, and miR-138 enhanced cell proliferation and migration and suppressed apoptosis under HG conditions. Exos promoted endothelial tubule formation by HMECs, and western blotting showed that miR-138 mediated the therapeutic effects by reversing SIRT1/PTEN-mediated PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling inhibition. Luciferase reporter assays confirmed that miR-138 interacted with the 3'-UTR of SIRT1 and subsequently suppressed SIRT1 mRNA expression. Injection of miR-138-enriched Exos into skin wounds accelerated re-epithelialization, decreased scar width, and enhanced angiogenesis. Conclusions: In conclusion, miR-138-enriched Exos promoted wound healing in a rat diabetes model by targeting SIRT1, and their effects in promoting soft tissue wound healing warrant further study.
Papillary Lesions of Breast - Limitations of H&E and Pivotal Role of IHC: Single Cancer Centre Study
Authors: Sharma Anjali , Jamil Syeda Firdos , Singh Chaitali , Mathur Arpita , Talwar Amandeep , Gilhotra Simran
Published: March 2022

Background–Papillary breast lesions constitute wide spectrum of heterogeneous pathological group. Diagnosis becomes challenging in case of overlapping histomorphological features. Material & methods–Retrospectively 69 papillary lesion were taken into consideration from January 2017 to March 2021.Results – Routine H&E & CK5/6, P63 is used for further differentiation. Cases were divided into three main divisions 1) benign –intraductal papilloma 2) atypical – intraductal papilloma with ADH/ DCIS 3) malignant - Intra ductal papillary carcinoma, encapsulated papillary carcinoma, solid papillary carcinoma & invasive papillary carcinoma. Papilloma comprised of 28 patients between 25-60 years of age & varies in size from 0.6 to 2.8 cm. Papilloma with ADH/DCIS accounted for 8 patients between 34-65 years age group with size of lesion between 0.5 to 3.0 cm. Intraductal papillary carcinoma comprised of 12 patients with size range 1.6 to 4.0 cm in age group of 42 to 65 years. Encapsulated papillary carcinoma comprised of 4 patients with age between 60 to 73 years and lesion size 0.8 to 14 cm. Solid Papillary carcinoma comprised of 10 patients between 39-81 years of age & lesion varies in size from 1.0 to 8.5 cm. Invasive papillary carcinoma comprised of 7 patients between age of 65 to 80 year and size varies between 2.0 to 6.5 cm. Conclusion – Diagnosis of papillary carcinoma is challenging and its classification includes different entities that have specific diagnostic criteria. Due to heterozygosity in morphology of benign, atypical and malignant subtypes, morphological features should be supplemented by IHC for accurate diagnosis.
Concepts of Pathology from Ancient India-A Review of Sanskrit Literature
Authors: Lahori Mega
Published: March 2022

Contribution by ancient physicians from the Indian subcontinent towards the field of pathology has been largely unknown globally. This paper aims at providing a glimpse of the knowledge possessed by the Sanskrit scholars of ancient times (derived from Sanskrit texts written originally between 1500 B.C. and 1500 A.D) regarding the basis of disease and correlating their ideas with our present understanding of the concepts in Pathology.  Ayurveda (traditional Indian medicine) was developed in India during the Vedic age (approximately 1500-500 BC). The early ayurvedic practitioners gave due importance to etiopathogenesis of diseases as a separate field called Nidana-shastra. (Nidāna means etiology or cause). Charaka emphasized that illness is caused by imbalance of the three principles (doshas) - vata, pitta and kapha, and that genetic defects are transmitted by either the sperm or the ovum. Sushruta depicted various modes of communicable disease transmission - physical contact, exhaled air, close contact, fomites etc, Madhava classified diseases based on pathogenesis (primary or secondary), etiology (endogenous or exogenous) and prognosis (curable, incurable, mild and acute). Chakrapani propounded that epidemics in a community occur due to deterioration of factors that are common to all who inhabit that community- namely air, water, soil, food, etc. Vagabhatta emphasized the importance of personal hygiene and proper nutrition for good health and elaborated the role of contaminated river water in several diseases. Agada tantra is the science of poisons and their antidotes which was founded by Kashyapa.
Extra Nodal Lymphoma, An Epidemiological and Histomorphological Trend of Primary Extra Nodal Lymphoma in India with Comparative Review of Articles
Authors: Vijaywargi Sonali , Jamil Syeda Firdos , Bandil Supriya , Faujdar Mansi , Gupta Shubha
Published: March 2022

Background: Geographically there is considerable variation exists in epidemiology of extra nodal lymphomas. Aim: The aim was to study the epidemiological and histomorphological trends of Primary Extra Nodal Lymphoma (P-ENL) in India. Material &Methods: The biopsy materials from seventy patients with P-ENL (46 male, 24 female, M: F= 1.92:1), diagnosed over a period of two year (2014-2016), were analyzed and pathologically subclassified according to the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria. Results: Maximum incidence of P-ENL including both sexes was seen in age group 41-60 years. P-ENL constituted 23.72% and secondary extra nodal lymphomas constituted 6.7% of all lymphomas. 98.5% cases of P-ENL were Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphomas and 1.4% cases were Hodgkin’s lymphoma. The most common site involved by P-ENL was gastrointestinal tract 48.57%, followed by nasopharynx 12.8%, testis 8.4% and salivary gland 7.1%. DLBCL was the commonest lymphoma (72.8%) at all extranodal sites. B-cell phenotype predominated being 94.3% cases, followed by T-cell phenotype being 5.7% cases of P-ENL. Conclusions Gastrointestinal tract was the most common site involved by P-ENL followed by nasopharynx. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) was the most common subtype followed by marginal zone lymphoma. Majority of P-ENL cases were seen in immunocompetent hosts having a favorable prognosis.
Auditing Histopathology Processes to Augment Reporting Quality: An Objective Analysis in a Tertiary Care Neuropathology Laboratory
Authors: Pant Ishita , Chaturvedi Sujata , Tripathi Chandra Bhushan , Goel Anchit , Sarma Pragyan , Satti Dinesh Kumar
Published: March 2022

Background: Laboratory audits are an integral component of the continuous quality improvement process and one of the key elements of quality control in the laboratories. These audits are primarily concerned with the everyday aspects of laboratory services and are a means of providing feedback to the users of the laboratory and its staff. These audits measure the performance of laboratory services against established standards that are evidence based and established by the audit team itself. This original study was initiated with an objective to audit all those histopathology processes that are involved in the generation of a quality histopathology report. The purpose was to detect the gaps which in turn maybe used to reduce and avoid errors in the processes, thus improvising the quality assurance practices of the histopathology laboratory.

Materials and Methods: In this retrospective cross- sectional study, total twenty standards were audited, including the clinical details, the pre-analytical, analytical and post-analytical laboratory processes.

Results: Overall, out of the 20 standards audited it was found that in the first audit, full compliance was observed in 10 standards, whereas the re-audit showed full compliance in 11 standards. Undoubtedly the compliance showed an improving trend in the re-audit.

Conclusion: such laboratory-based audits not only form an integral component of the quality assurance programs but definitely add on to the quality of patient care, as the reports generated by the histopathology laboratories do help the treating team in deciding or modifying the treatment plan in central nervous system and spinal tumours.
Gate-induced decoupling of surface and bulk state properties in selectively-deposited Bi$_2$Te$_3$ nanoribbons
Authors: Rosenbach Daniel , Moors Kristof , Jalil Abdur R. , Kölzer Jonas , Zimmermann Erik , Schubert Jürgen , Karimzadah Soraya , Mussler Gregor , Schüffelgen Peter , Grützmacher Detlev , Lüth Hans , Schäpers Thomas
Published: March 2022

Three-dimensional topological insulators (TIs) host helical Dirac
surface states at the interface with a trivial insulator. In
quasi-one-dimensional TI nanoribbon structures the wave function of
surface charges extends phase-coherently along the perimeter of the
nanoribbon, resulting in a quantization of transverse surface modes.
Furthermore, as the inherent spin-momentum locking results in a Berry
phase offset of \piπ
of self-interfering charge carriers an energy gap within the surface
state dispersion appears and all states become spin-degenerate. We
investigate and compare the magnetic field dependent surface state
dispersion in selectively deposited Bi_22Te_33
TI micro- and nanoribbon structures by analysing the gate voltage
dependent magnetoconductance at cryogenic temperatures. While in wide
microribbon devices the field effect mainly changes the amount of bulk
charges close to the top surface we identify coherent transverse surface
states along the perimeter of the nanoribbon devices responding to a
change in top gate potential. We quantify the energetic spacing in
between these quantized transverse subbands by using an electrostatic
model that treats an initial difference in charge carrier densities on
the top and bottom surface as well as remaining bulk charges. In the
gate voltage dependent transconductance we find oscillations that change
their relative phase by \piπ
at half-integer values of the magnetic flux quantum applied coaxial to
the nanoribbon, which is a signature for a magnetic flux dependent
topological phase transition in narrow, selectively deposited TI
nanoribbon devices.
Representações sociais sobre o futuro de jovens periféricos e suas contribuições às práticas socioeducativas
Authors: Bomfim Natanael Reis , Von Czékus Garrido Walter
Published: March 2022

Este estudo de abordagem qualitativa foi realizado no contexto do Subúrbio Ferroviário de Salvador/Bahia. O objetivo foi investigar como as representações sociais de jovens periféricos, construídas sobre o futuro, contribuem com imagens que orientem práticas socioeducativas. Apoiado nas ideias de Moscovici (1978); Jodelet (2001); Durand (1995; 2011; 2002) e Corbin (1995) entendemos que os constructos do imaginário como “matéria imaginada”, emergem elementos representacionais que implicam nas práticas sociais cotidianas exercidas nos espaços vividos. Aplicamos entrevista semiestrutura e o protocolo AT-9 aos três jovens do Centro Cultural de Plataforma, e analisamos os dados pelos preceitos do Modelo da Estratégia Argumentativa. Os resultados revelaram imagens de possibilidades e expectativas de futuro, cuja consciência da realidade social se faz presente, nas práticas socioeducativas.
SINCRETISMO RELIGIOSO E TURISMO CULTURAL
Authors: Dias Lázaro Cezar , Ferreira Laís Stefani , Freitas Samily Loures de
Published: March 2022

O turismo cultural refere-se à movimentação de pessoas por motivações essencialmente culturais. Em Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, cidade de forte tradição religiosa, o evento do Reinado atrai significativo fluxo de turistas no mês de janeiro. A pesquisa busca entender como a atividade turística e as cadeias locais movimentam-se na organização e realização do Reinado, e analisa como essa manifestação religiosa foi adaptada para o contexto da pandemia da Covid-19. A análise de conteúdo da entrevista destaca que, em 2021, as cadeias da economia local foram parcialmente interrompidas, o que não impediu que o evento fosse realizado de forma alternativa, digital, e seguindo as medidas de distanciamento. O evento, imã de significativo fluxo de turistas e visitantes no mês de janeiro, constitui-se como um resgate “cristianizado” à África, sincrético.
Turismo religioso e combate à intolerância em tempos de covid 19:
Authors: Thaywani Pereira Vieira Jackelyn , Guimarães Valeria Lima
Published: March 2022

O presente artigo desdobra-se de uma dissertação de mestrado em Turismo defendida em 2021, que teve como foco o turismo religioso na cidade de Teresópolis-RJ, com destaque para a umbanda, e amplia a discussão para o contexto da covid-19. A cidade foi escolhida por ter muitos templos religiosos de matriz africana e também por apresentar fortes registros de intolerância religiosa comprovados pelo Estado nos últimos anos. O trabalho pretende fazer uma contribuição para o debate sobre a inserção das religiões de matriz africana no turismo e alertar para o crescente número de casos de agressões aos templos religiosos e também aos seus manifestantes, reforçando a importância do respeito à diversidade religiosa. Com um olhar atento para as atividades de um centro de umbanda e de um santuário umbandista, ambos localizados na referida cidade, é feita uma análise sobre o potencial turístico do local. O estudo aponta também os impactos da pandemia de covid-19 nas atividades do centro e do santuário de umbanda pesquisados e seus reflexos sobre a prática do turismo religioso. Para tanto, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, participação em eventos de turismo religioso (online) que abordaram a questão da pandemia, e pesquisa de campo com observação direta. O trabalho é concluído com a apresentação das formas de resistência e das estratégias construídas pelos religiosos umbandistas para a manutenção da sua fé no contexto da pandemia e fortalece o argumento da importância do turismo religioso como um possível agente promotor do respeito à diversidade religiosa e cultural.

Palavras-chave: Turismo Religioso. Umbanda. Teresópolis-RJ. Covid-19.
A Mini-Review on Pyridazine Analogs: Chemical and Pharmacological
Potentials
Authors: Asif Mohammad , Alghamdi Saad
Published: March 2022

The pyridazinone derivatives have diverse biological potential and are easily synthesized.
Due to this, researchers and chemists have paid attention to the design and development of novel and
effective bioactive compounds. The substituted pyridazines have shown a wide range of pharmacological
activities, such as analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antifungal, anticonvulsant, antidepressant,
antianxiety, antitubercular, anti-malarial, anticancer, anti-HIV, platelet inhibitory, hypotensive,
cardiotonic, etc. In the current circumstances, it can be concluded that pyridazinone derivatives
have great prospects, which remain to be revealed.
A Mini-review on Nanodelivery Systems as Therapeutics in Cancer
Authors: Bisht Gopal Singh , Sharma Deepika
Published: March 2022

This review article gives a brief account of advances in the treatment of cancer via
nanodelivery systems. We have discussed benefits of different nanocarriers that have the potential to
deal with the problem of non-selectivity of conventional anticancer drugs. Targeted drug delivery
not only spares healthy cells from harmful effects of anticancer drugs but also reduces the amount of
drug to be administered; various drug delivery systems have been fabricated using appropriate
nanocarriers. In fact, some carrier systems are biodegradable and degrade in the body into nontoxic
moieties, thereby adding safety characteristics to the formulation. Selectivity towards cancer cells
makes nanodelivery system a choice for the treatment of cancer as compared to conventional drug
delivery. This review discusses various targeting strategies, different nanodelivery systems, characteristics
required to be an ideal drug delivery system, advantages of these systems, and future prospects
of such systems.
Wild Thyme Herbal Infusion Consumption Suppresses Tumor Growth in a
Murine Model of Breast Cancer
Authors: Talib Wamidh H. , AL-Ataby Israa A.
Published: March 2022

Background:

Wild thyme (Thymus serpyllum) belongs to the Lamiaceae family. They were used traditionally to treat different sorts of diseases, including cancer.

Aims:

The current study aims to evaluate both anticancer and immunomodulatory activities of wild thyme water extract.

Methods:

The antiproliferative activities of the extract were tested against different cancer cell lines using MTT assay, while the degree of apoptosis induction and VEGF expression were detected using ELISA. The lymphocyte proliferation assay was used to evaluate the acquired immunity, whereas both: the nitro blue tetrazolium assay and the neutral red method were used to assess the innate activity; phag-ocytosis and pinocytosis, respectively. Balb/C mice were inoculated with the EMT6/P breast cancer cells and received the extract orally for 14 days. GC-MS and LC-MS were used to determine the com-position of the wild thyme water extract.

Results:

Results showed that wild thyme had significant apoptosis induction and angiogenesis suppres-sion effects. The extract stimulated lymphocyte proliferation, phagocytosis and pinocytosis strongly. Seventy percent (70%) of the mice taking this extract did not develop tumors, with a percentage of tumor reduction (49.4%). Rosmarinic acid was the highest in the wild thyme water extract in GC-MS and LC-MS.

Conclusion:

Wild thyme herbal infusion is rich in phytochemicals that have the potential to activate the immune system and inhibit tumor progression. Further testing is required to understand the exact molecular mechanisms of this extract. Further studies are also needed to test the wild thyme infusion against tumors established in mice.
Methodological Aspects and the Prognostic Value of Metabolic Tumor
Volume assessed with 18F-FDG PET/CT in Lymphomas
Authors: Tutino Francesca , Giovannini Elisabetta , Pastorino Sara , Ferrando Ornella , Giovacchini Giampiero , Ciarmiello Andrea
Published: March 2022

Although metabolic tumor volume (MTV) assessed with pretreatment 18F-FDG PET/CT has shown significant prognostic value across many lymphoma types, it is still not used in clinical practice due to technical concerns and the lack of standardisation. Numerous studies on the prognostic value of MTV in lymphomas have been published in recent years, but there is still no full agreement on the best methodology for MTV calculation. In this paper, we reviewed the methodological aspects of MTV assessment and reported recent works about its impact on outcome in lymphomas, with a focus on Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL).