bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The possible protective effects of saccharum officinarum l. (sugar cane) juice co-supplementation on gentamicin induced acute renal toxicity in adult albino rats
Authors: Y. A. Hussein Asmaa , Shaban EL-Shafey Rabab
Published: October 2019

Gentamicin (GM) is an effective and probably the most commonly used aminoglycosides antibiotic, however the risk of causing nephrotoxicity limits its use. In the present study, the possible protective effects of Saccharum officinarum L. (sugar cane juice) on gentamicin induced acute oxidative renal injury in experimental rats were investigated. Twenty adult albino rats were randomly allocated into four groups (5 rats in each) and treated once daily for a period of 7 days as follows; group A being the negative control and was injected intraperitoneal with normal saline, group B (sugar cane juice treated group) was given sugar cane juice orally at a dose of 15 ml/kg/day, group C (GM treated group) and group D (sugar cane juice + GM treated group) were the experimental groups and were injected intraperitoneal with (80 mg/kg/day GM) & (sugar cane juice 15 ml/kg/day orally + 80 mg/kg/day GM intraperitoneal) respectively. By the end of the experiment, the biochemical kidney functions tests (urinary cystatin C and kidney injury molecule-1, blood urea and creatinine) were investigated. Also, oxidative stress parameters (malondialdehyde [MDA] level, superoxide dismutase [SOD] & glutathione peroxidase [GPX] enzymatic activity) in renal tissue were evaluated. Histopathological examinations of kidney were done to assess the degree of renal protection induced by sugarcane juice, Gentamicin treated rats showed; marked significant rise in the biochemical kidney functions tests and lipid peroxidation (MDA) parameter in renal tissues, along with significant reduction in renal tissue antioxidant enzymatic activity of both SOD & GPX. However, co-administration of sugar cane juice in group D leading to marked reduction in previous biochemical markers and MDA levels together with significant elevated renal SOD &GPX enzymatic activity which nearly tend to return to normal values. The histopathological examination of groups A and B showed normal kidney structure which was deranged in group C (GM treated), whereas group D showed significant recovery in histological structures. Gentamicin induced acute renal injury and oxidative damage. Co-administration of sugar cane juice may reduce this damage by improving antioxidant defense and tissue integrity in experimental albino rats.Â Â Â
The moss genus Regmatodon Brid. (Regmatodontaceae) - new to the Eastern Ghats
Authors: Dulip Daniels A E , Biju P M , Asha V
Published: October 2019

Regmatodon orthostegius Mont. was earlier reported from Central India, the Himalaya, Northeast India and the Western Ghats in India. However, while collecting bryophytes from the Eastern Ghats, the authors came across a moss which was later identified as Regmatodon orthostegius which is a new distributional record for this genus as well. A detailed description with figure and photographic plates is provided.
Genetic testing in ovarian cancer – clinical impact and current practices
Authors: Knabben Laura , Imboden Sara , Mueller Michel D.
Published: October 2019

Background

Clinical practices and testing strategies in patients with ovarian cancer differ worldwide. We therefor wanted to give an overview over the current data to advise best clinical practice.

Materials and methods

A systematic review of the literature was performed with the aim to define which ovarian cancer patients to refer for genetic counseling and how to perform genetic testing. We also discuss the timing of genetic testing and clinical relevance of the BRCA mutation status.

Results

The germline mutation rate in patients with ovarian cancer is high, independent of family history, age at diagnosis and histology. BRCA mutation carriers with ovarian cancer have improved survival rates. In recurrent ovarian cancer treatment by poly ADP ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors improves the disease-free survival in patients with BRCA mutations or homologous recombination deficiency with hazard ratios up to 0.23. But also patients with BRCA wild type show a benefit. The recently published SOLO-1 trial demonstrated a significant benefit for patients with germline BRCA mutations in the first line setting. By tumor testing about 7% additional BRCA mutations can be found but the somatic testing and interpretation of the results remains a challenge. Despite the clinical impact, analysis of our own data and also international publications show insufficient referral rates for genetic counseling.

Conclusions

Genetic testing in ovarian cancer has a prognostic and predictive value. Referral rates must be improved.
Developing interlanguage: Driving forces in children learning Dutch and German
Authors: Jordens Peter , Bittner Dagmar
Published: October 2019

Spontaneous language learning both in children learning their mother tongue and in adults learning a second language shows that language development proceeds in a stage-wise manner. Given that a developmental stage is defined as a coherent linguistic system, utterances of language learners can be accounted for in terms of what (Selinker, Larry. 1972. Interlanguage. International Review of Applied Linguistics 10. 209–231) referred to with the term Interlanguage. This paper is a study on the early interlanguage systems of children learning Dutch and German as their mother tongue. The present child learner systems, so it is claimed, are coherent lexical systems based on types of verb-argument structure that are either agentive (as in Dutch: kannie bal pakke ‘cannot ball get’, or German: mag nich nase putzen ‘like not nose clean’) or non-agentive (as in Dutch: popje valt bijna ‘doll falls nearly’, or in German: ente fällt ‘duck falls’). At this lexical stage, functional morphology (e. g. morphological finiteness, tense), function words (e. g. auxiliary verbs, determiners) and word order variation are absent. For these typically developing children, both in Dutch and in German, it is claimed that developmental progress is driven by the acquisition of the formal properties of topicalization. It is, furthermore, argued that this feature seems to serve as the driving force in the instantiation of the functional, i. e. informational linguistic properties of the target-language system.
Shifting Liability with Licensing: An Empirical Analysis of Medical Malpractice and Scope-of-Practice Laws
Authors: McMichael Benjamin J.
Published: October 2019

Medical malpractice liability plays an important role in the healthcare system, as evidenced by the many studies finding that changes in malpractice liability risk induce changes in the delivery and consumption of care. Importantly, the effect of malpractice liability depends on who is held liable, and recent developments in the healthcare system have clouded which providers face the risk of liability in certain situations. In particular, as the United States continues to face a physician shortage, nurse practitioners (NPs) have assumed greater roles within the healthcare system. Their ability to provide care, however, depends on state scope-of-practice (SOP) laws which often mandate that physicians supervise NPs’ practices. These mandatory supervision laws can facilitate the ability of injured patients to use various familiar doctrines, e. g. respondeat superior and negligent supervision, to hold supervising physicians liable based on the acts of NPs. As healthcare becomes increasingly team-based and as NPs deliver more care traditionally provided by physicians, understanding the interaction between malpractice liability and SOP laws will become critical.

This Article reports novel empirical evidence on the interplay between malpractice liability and SOP laws. Examining a unique dataset of the malpractice premiums charged to physicians in various specialties, I analyze the extent to which SOP laws requiring that physicians supervise the practices of NPs impact the malpractice liability risk faced by physicians. In general, eliminating physician supervision requirements reduce the malpractice risk faced by physicians (as measured by the premiums paid to insure against this risk) by 7.5 %. In addition to elucidating a previously unappreciated interaction between tort law and state SOP laws, this evidence suggests that the imposition of physician supervision requirements may blunt the role of tort law in deterring the provision of unsafe or low-quality care. If SOP laws facilitate the shifting of liability risk from NPs to physicians through various tort doctrines, then neither NPs nor physicians will be appropriately deterred. Indeed, reaching optimal deterrence for one group would necessarily imply suboptimality for the other. This Article reviews several options to address this problem and recommends removing physician supervision requirements from state SOP laws.
MEMBANGUN POLA KOMUNIKASI DAKWAH SEBAGAI ALTERNATIF MENCEGAH SIKAP INTOLERANSI BERAGAMA
Authors: Burhanuddin Burhanuddin
Published: October 2019

Kegiatan dakwah, merupakan bentuk dari komunikasi karena di dalamnya ada penyampai pesan (da’i) dan penerima pesan (mad’u). Dakwah sebagai proses komunikasi membutuhkan upaya-upaya yang harus didesain secara strategis sebagaimana sebuah komunikasi yang efektif yang mempertimbangkan efek dari komunikan. Berhasil tidaknya kegiatan dakwah tidak terlepas dari bagaimana proses komunikasi antarpelaku dakwah (da’i dan mad’u) berlangsung. Jadi, disinilah kontribusi komunikasi menjadi hal penting yang harus dipertimbangkan dalam kegiatan dakwah. Artinya, secara teoritis, teori-teori komunikasi sebagai sebuah ilmu akan memberikan kontribusi dalam merancang kegiatan dakwah yang efektif, sehingga pesan-pesan islam yang menjadi isi materi dakwah dapat tersampaikan dan berefek pada perubahan sikap mad’u ke arah yang lebih baik sesuai tujuan kehidupan Islam, bahagia dunia akherat.          Membangun pola komunikasi dakwah yang baik dapat mencegah terjadinya konflik-konflik keagamaan di masyarakat. Pesan dakwah yang menyampaikan nilai ketuhanan sejatinya harus dipahami sebagai perwujudan nilai-nilai toleransi, persaudaraan, dan sebagai wujud dialog internal umat beragama serta sebagai upaya membangun kesadaran demi terciptanya kerukunan antarumat beragama. Membangun nuansa harmonisasi merupakan harapan terhadap negara yang majemuk namun untuk merealisasikannya tentu memerlukan suatu upaya dan pola komunikasi yang efektif. Abstract: Da’wah as an activity, is a form of communication because there are messengers (da’i) and recipients (mad’u). Da’wah as a communication process requires efforts that must be strategically designed as an effective communication that takes the effects of the communicant. Success or failure of the da’wah activities cannot be separated from how the communication process between da’i (da’i and mad’u) took place. So, this is where the contribution of communication becomes an important thing to be considered in the activities of da’wah. That is, theoretically, communication theories as a science will contribute in designing an effective da’wah activities, so that Islamic messages into the content of da’wah material can be conveyed and effect on changes in attitude of mad’u to a better direction according to the purpose of life in Islam, life blissfully in this world until akherat.The true meaning of divinity must be understood as the embodiment of the values of tolerance, brotherhood, and as a form of internal dialogue of religious people as an effort to build awareness for the creation of harmony among religious followers. Building harmonious nuances is the hope of a plural country but to realize it would require an effort and an effective pattern of communication.Keywords: da’wa communication, alternative, pluralism, tasamuh and religious intolerance
DAKWAH MEDIASI : PERSPEKTIF SEJARAH ISLAM
Authors: Yakub HM
Published: October 2019

Dakwah merupakan jalan yang di tempuh untuk menyebarluaskan ajaran Islam, dengan dakwah Islam dapat disebarkan sampai kepenjuru dunia. Namun dalam proses dakwah terkadang sering menemui benturan dan hambatan, salah satunya dalam menangani konflik horizontal maupun konflik vertikal di tengah masyarakat, dari masalah ideologi, pemahaman dan bahkan pemikiran yang saling berbeda. Di sinilah dibutuhkannya mediasi dalam dunia dakwah. Perlu kita pahami bahwa mediasi menengahi atau penyelesaian sengketa melalui penengah yang disebut sebagai mediator. Untuk itu sistem mediasi, mencari penyelesaian masalah melalui mediator. Penjelasan mengenai mediasi merupakan salah satu alternatif penyelesaian konflik sebagai terobosan atas cara-cara penyelesaian tradisional melalui litigation.Kata kunci : Dakwah, Perspektif, dan Sejarah Islam
Beralih ke Haluan Islamisme: Gen Z, Media Sosial & Intoleransi di Indonesia
Authors: Romli R Cecep
Published: October 2019

Saat ini, politik identitas dan islamisme tampak menguat pada banyak kanal media sosial. Tulisan ini ingin mencermati sejauhmana mainstream moderatisme NU dan Muhammadiyah digerogoti oleh intoleransi Islamisme. Berpijak pada data berbagai  survei—dan merujuk pada definisi islamisme dari Mozaffari —, ditemukan bahwa tak sedikit pengajar serta siswa dan mahasiswa (generasi Z) yang merasa dekat dengan NU dan Muhammadiyah, namun bersimpati atau bahkan “menyeberang” ke haluan islamisme.Kata Kunci: Gen Z, Islamisme, Moderatisme, Kampanye, Media Sosial, Industri Kebencian
Dakwah: Priyayi dan Santrinisasi
Authors: Sungaidi Sungaidi
Published: October 2019

Aset budaya keraton mulai dari naskah kuno, benda-benda pusaka, karya-karya arsitektur sampai karya seni dijaga dan dirawat dengan baik. Banyak negara di sektor pariwisatanya berkembang pesat dengan mengangkat kekayaan tradisi, narasi atau cerita yang menarik tentang daerah itu. Aset budaya dan karya-karya adiluhung harus diapresiasi dan dilindungi, dijaga, dirawat, dan bahkan dikembangkan.1 Kekayaan budaya keraton Nusantara harus dilihat sebagai bekal dan modal untuk meraih kemajuan sebagai melangkah maju.Sebagai modal penyemangat persaingan global yang semakin varitif, sengit dan kompetitif. Dalam berbagai bidang ekonomi/ sosial, budaya, pendidikan, militer dan teknologi. Tulisan ini melacak penerapan nilai-nilai Islam, budaya dan demokrasi di keraton Kasultanan Yogyakarta pada saat kepemimpinan dipegang HB IX. Menjelang wafat, HB IX tidak meniru para pendahulunya dalam menentukan siapa yang menjadi penerus takhta Kasultanan2 dan proses demokratisasi dengan meleburkan tata kesultanan dalam Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Rahasia Yogyakarta bertahan itu karena proses sejarah dan sosiologi masyarakat yang berbeda dengan tiga bekas kesultanan lain (Surakarta, Deli, dan Bone).
Fenomena Tarekat di Zaman Now: Telaah atas Ajaran dan Amalan TQN Suryalaya
Authors: Usman Asep
Published: October 2019

Tarekat merupakan anak kandung tasawuf amali. Secara harfiah tarekat berasal dari kata al-tharîqah yang berarti cara, jalan atau metodologi. Dalam tasawuf tarekat adalah cara, jalan atau metodologi  guna mencapai tujuan tasawuf, yaitu kesucian jiwa, kedekatan diri dengan Allah dan merasakan kehadiran-Nya. Tasawuf amali dibangun di atas prinsip “ilmu amaliah, amal ilmiah” yang biasanya dipraktekkan dengan mengikuti tarekat di bawah bimbingan seorang mursyid. Pembahasan tentang tarekat bisa dilihat dari lima aspek yang berikut: Pertama, tarekat ditinjau dari segi etimologi. Kedua, tarekat sebagai peringkat penghayatan keislaman kaum Muslimin. Ketiga, tarekat sebagai jalan, cara metode yang dilakukan para sufi dalam menyucikan jiwa, mendekatkan diri kepada Allah dan merasakan kehadiran-Nya di dalam kalbu. Keempat, tarekat sebagai metode psikologis yang dilakukan mursyid dalam membimbing murid-muridnya guna merasakan dzikir kalbu. .
nalysis of a Research Instrument to Map English Teachers’ Proficiency
Authors: Tamah Siti Mina , Lie Anita
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTTeachers’ English proficiency can be measured by designing a research instrument  in a form of test. The devised test must fulfill the requirement of a good test. This article is aimed at discussing item analysis centering on multiple choice questions used to measure the proficiency of Indonesian High School teachers involved in English instruction. The first set of syllabus oriented test is tried out to 20 subjects, and the second set – general English oriented – to 28 subjects. The test analysis indicates the item difficulty indices range from .20 to 1 for the first set and .07 to .89 for the second set. With regard to item discrimination analysis, the study finds the d values range from -0.33 to 1.0 for the first set, and -0.11 to .78 for the second set. It is found that the whole test has ‘average’ level of difficulty and is ‘good’ at discriminating between high and low achieving test takers; to be used for the actual research, a revision of the test is done to eliminate the ‘bad’ items.ABSTRAKKecakapan bahasa Inggris guru dapat diukur dengan merancang instrumen penelitian dalam bentuk tes. Tes yang dirancang harus memenuhi persyaratan tes yang baik. Artikel ini bertujuan membahas analisis soal yang berpusat pada pertanyaan pilihan ganda yang digunakan untuk mengukur kemahiran guru-guru SMA Indonesia yang terlibat dalam pengajaran Bahasa Inggris. Tes set kesatu yang berorientasi silabus diujicobakan pada 20 subjek. Set kedua - berorientasi Bahasa Inggris umum - diujicobakan ke 28 subjek. Analisis tes menunjukkan bahwa indeks kesulitan soal berkisar dari .20 hingga 1 untuk set pertama dan .07 hingga .89 untuk set kedua. Terkait analisis diskriminasi item, studi ini menemukan bahwa nilai D berkisar dari -0,33 ke 1,0 untuk set pertama, dan -0,11 hingga 0,78 untuk set kedua. Ditemukan bahwa keseluruhan tes memiliki tingkat kesulitan 'rata-rata' dan 'baik' dalam membedakan antara peserta tes berprestasi tinggi dan rendah. Untuk digunakan dalam penelitian aktual, revisi tes dilakukan dengan menghilangkan soal 'buruk'. How to Cite: Tamah, S. M., Lie, A. (2019). Analysis of a Research Instrument to Map English Teachers’ Proficiency. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 6(1), 48-64. doi:10.15408/ijee.v6i1.11888
The Learning Strategies Used by EFL Students in Learning English
Authors: Mega Dinda Hartina , Santihastuti Asih , Wahjuningsih Eka
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTThis research was aimed to focus on the most frequently used strategy by the successful and unsuccessful senior high school students and describe the difference of strategy used by them. This was a survey design with a questionnaire as the instrument. The participants were 40 students consisting of 20 successful students and 20 unsuccessful students of tenth grade in SMAN 2 Jember. The writer distributed SILL questionnaires to observe their Language Learning Strategy (LLS) based on Oxford (1990), which covers six categorizes of strategies namely cognitive, metacognitive, memory-related, compensatory, affective, and social. The statistical analysis showed that metacognitive became the most frequently learning strategy used by successful students in scale of high use, while the unsuccessful students were medium users of cognitive strategy. It also indicated successful learners employed all six categorizes of strategies in a highly frequencies than the unsuccessful ones. This makes the assumption that successful students have the ability to plan clear goals, control, review, and evaluate their learning rather than unsuccessful students who focus more on the way they think, memorize, summarize, and repeat the learning.ABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk fokus pada strategi yang paling sering digunakan oleh siswa SMA yang sukses dan kurang sukses serta menggambarkan perbedaan strategi yang digunakan oleh mereka. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survey dengan instrument berupa kuesioner, sedangkan tanggapan siswa dalam memilih strategi dibahas secara deskriptif. Partisipan adalah 40 siswa yang terdiri dari 20 siswa yang sukses dan 20 siswa yang tidak sukses dari kelas sepuluh di SMAN 2 Jember. Penulis membagikan kuesioner SILL untuk mengamati Language Learning Strategy (LLS) atau strategi pembelajaran bahasa mereka berdasarkan teori Oxford (1990, yang dikategorikan menjadi enam macam strategi, yaitu kognitif, metakognitif, memori, kompensatori, afektif, dan sosial. Menurut hasil statistic metacognitive menjadi strategi pembelajaran yang paling sering digunakan oleh siswa yang sukses dalam skala tinggi, sedangkan siswa yang kurang sukses adalah pengguna menengah dari strategi kognitif. Ini juga menunjukkan bahwa siswa yang sukses menggunakan keenam kategori strategi dalam frekuensi yang sangat tinggi daripada yang kurang sukses. Ini membuat asumsi bahwa siswa yang sukses memiliki kemampuan untuk merencanakan tujuan yang jelas, mengendalikan, meninjau, dan mengevaluasi pembelajaran mereka daripada siswa yang kurang sukses, yang lebih fokus pada cara mereka berpikir, menghafal, merangkum, dan mengulangi pembelajaran. How to Cite: Sartika,  D. H. M., Santihastuti, A., Wahjuningsih, E. (2019). The Learning Strategies Used by EFL Students in Learning English. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 6(1), 10-20. doi:10.15408/ijee.v6i1.12111
Students’ Perception of the Use of “English Phrasal Verb” Videos to Enhance Students’ Independent Learning Skill
Authors: Haryanti Haryanti
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACTIndependent English Language Learning is very important to do by students, especially students in higher education level, because they are often required to read many English references and use English on many occasions, for example in writing essays. Also, it is because the opportunity or time to learn English in the class is very limited. Therefore, students badly need to learn English independently outside the classroom. This study was designed to investigate the students’ perception of the use of “English Phrasal Verb” videos in enhancing their independent learning. There were six participants interviewed and observed to get information about the benefits of using “English Phrasal Verb” videos and the effectiveness of it in training the students to be independent learners. The study found that the students’ pronunciation and vocabulary mastery had improved as well as their listening and writing skills due to the use of videos and assignment given. It also revealed that the use of videos had successfully been a trigger for the students to find other English learning videos and learn them independently outside the classroom.ABSTRAKBelajar Bahasa Inggris secara mandiri sangat penting dilakukan oleh siswa, khususnya mahasiswa, karena mereka sering diminta untuk membaca banyak referensi Berbahasa Inggris dan untuk menggunakan Bahasa Inggris di banyak kesempatan, contohnya dalam menulis esai. Selain itu, karena terbatasnya kesempatan atau waktu untuk belajar Bahasa Inggris di kelas, mahasiswa sangat dianjurkan untuk belajar Bahasa Inggris secara mandiri di luar kelas. Penelitian ini didesain untuk menginvestigasi persepsi mahasiswa terhadap penggunaan video tentang frase kata kerja Bahasa Inggris (Phrasal Verbs Videos) dalam meningkatkan kemampuan belajar mandiri mahasiswa. Dalam penelitian ini, terdapat enam peserta yang diwawancarai dan diamati untuk mendapatkan informasi mengenai keuntungan menggunakan video dan keefektifan penggunaan video tersebut dalam melatih mereka menjadi pembelajar mandiri. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa penguasaan kosakata dan kemampuan pengucapan Bahasa Inggris mahasiswa meningkat begitu juga dengan kemampuan mendengar dan menulis mereka karena penggunaan video yang dimaksud dan tugas yang diberikan. Selain itu, penelitian ini juga menemukan bahwa penggunaan video telah sukses mendorong mahasiswa untuk menemukan video-video belajar Bahasa Inggris lainnya dan untuk mempelajari video-video tersebut secara mandiri di luar kelas. How to Cite: Haryanti. (2019). Students’ Perception of the Use of “English Phrasal Verb” Videos to Enhance Students’ Independent Learning Skill. IJEE (Indonesian Journal of English Education), 6(1), 21-29. doi:10.15408/ijee.v6i1.12613
United States Democratic Party and the 2020 Presidential Election: The Main Candidates, Topics and Features of the Election Rhetoric
Authors: Fofanova Anna R.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The article is of relevance due to the beginning of the active phase of the race for the right to become the Democratic Party’s nominee for the 2020 United States presidential election. The range of issues, topics and features of the election rhetoric of the Democrats will largely determine the outcome of the 2020 election and therefore will influence the subsequent development of the United States. The objective of the study is to analyze the political rhetoric of the major Democratic Party presidential candidates and the political trends among the ranks of the Democrats, taking place against the backdrop of the election campaign.

Materials and Methods. The study was based on the methods of empirical analysis, such as description, synthesis, analogy, classification, and comparison, which made it possible to consider the main characteristics and topics of the political rhetoric of members of the United States Democratic Party. Publications in the media, recordings of public speeches of the Democratic Party members, statistics, sociological polls, and research by Russian and foreign scientists were used as the materials for the study.

Results. The author has identified the main topics and features of the election rhetoric of the Democratic Party presidential candidates. Issues of public health, education, and ecology have become central topics for the potential Democratic presidential candidates, which is largely due to a significant shift to the left and the role of the left-wing Democrats in the electoral process. The study has revealed a significant degree of political disintegration in the Democratic Party. The major challenge the Democrats are faced with today is to nominate a candidate who will be able to fight back the energetic rhetoric of Donald Trump, retain the traditional electorate of the Democratic Party, and attract new supporters.

Discussion and Conclusion. The research results provide an insight into the processes taking place in the Democratic Party at the stage of nominating the Democratic presidential candidate. The data presented in the article will be useful to researchers interested in the history and politics of the United States. The study conducted makes it possible to better understand the current trends in American domestic policies, which largely determine the state of affairs in international relations.
Productive and Technological Innovation Infrastructure of the Regions of Russia
Authors: Nosonov Arthur M.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. In the modern world, socio-economic and political leadership of a country is based on the generation of new knowledge, its commercialization and use in all areas of human activity, it being an important prerequisite for improving the competitiveness of the state. To achieve this goal, individual elements of the national innovation system including the main components of the innovation infrastructure are being formed in many constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Materials and Methods. The constituent entities of the Russian Federation are the object of the research, the qualitative and quantitative characteristics of the main components of the innovative productive and technological infrastructure being the subject of the study. A typology of Russia’s regions in terms of the development of their innovative productive and technological infrastructure was carried out. To calculate the integral index of the level of infrastructure development, linear scaling was applied; the number of different objects of productive and technological infrastructure in each region was used as the input indicator.

Results. The types of the regions of Russia have been singled out according to the level of development of the productive and technological infrastructure and their brief description has been given. One and the same type includes territories having a similar structure and level of saturation with objects of productive and technological infrastructure which is manifested indirectly in the main results of the innovation activities of the regions. It has been revealed that more than half of the regions of Russia have a low level of development of the productive and technological infrastructure, a small number of regions are characterized by a high level of infrastructure development, in other constituent entities of the Russian Federation an average level of innovation infrastructure development has been noted.

Discussion and Conclusion. The level of the innovative development of the regions of Russia largely depends on the degree of development of the productive and technological infrastructure. Further progress of the productive and technological component of the regional innovation systems is associated with the development of effective marketing mechanisms for the commercialization of innovations, with the improvement of the quality of education and its focus on the issues of innovation. The results of the research can be used by decision makers to substantiate the diversification of regional innovation systems in accordance with the priority directions of the technological development of the country.
Modeling Regional Performance according to the Types of Economic Activities
Authors: Ignasheva Tatyana A.
Published: October 2019

Introduction. The economy of any region includes various types of activities. Building development models of individual sectors of the economy contributes to the rational allocation of productive forces, expedient use of economic resources as well as to the comprehensive development of the country’s regions. This determines the relevance of the chosen research topic. The main objective of the analysis is to build models of functioning of the main types of economic activities in the regional context.

Materials and Methods. The conducted research applied multidimensional techniques of the regression and factorial analysis by building dependencies of the volume of economic activities of various sectors of the regional economy (based on the initial socio-economic indicators provided by the Territorial Authority of the Federal State Statistics Service in the Republic of Mari El and the integral indicators obtained on their basis).

Results. Modeling the region’s economic activity made it possible to identify the factors the change of which directly impact the functioning of the relevant sectors of the economy. In agriculture and the construction sector, the cumulative factors that largely characterize the functioning of these types of activities have been identified based on the integral indicators: the factor of livestock production and the factors of commissioning apartments and living space. The study has proved the greater focus of agriculture in the region on the livestock products with a bias on milk production. The analysis of the construction sector in the Republic of Mari El has revealed the predominance of the commissioning of residential buildings as compared with the construction of industrial and civil buildings as well as social and cultural facilities among the implemented construction projects. Modeling the transport sector has proved a significant dependence of the volume of passenger traffic in the Republic of Mari El on the availability of private vehicles.

Discussion and Conclusion. To provide further progressive development of the agriculture and the construction sector of the region, great attention should be paid to the development of crop production within the agro-industrial complex of the Republic of Mari El as well as to the construction of industrial and civil buildings, social and cultural facilities. The results obtained can be used when conducting research on the development of the regional economy or drawing up strategic plans for the functioning of the economic sectors.
Nacionalismo blanco, prensa e inversión de las víctimas durante la "polémica Cocorí"
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Marianela
Published: October 2019

Se analiza el abordaje en prensa de dos de los momentos públicos de lapolémica alrededor del libro infantil Cocorí, como evidencia de la relación entre productos culturales, racismo (misógino) y nacionalismo costarricense. El debate permite la cohesión de una comunidad (imaginada)blanca y patriarcal. En el espacio de la prensa, el discurso hegemónico traslada la condición de víctima no solo al personaje de ficción, al autor o la obra, sino hacia los mismos valores y privilegios de dominio epistemológico y supremacía del grupo mayoritario. En defensa de todos ellos, las publicaciones descalifican además la experiencia y opiniones de quienes señalan el carácter racista del texto, particularmente, mujeres negras. La revisión de la discusión sobre Cocorí durante el 2003 y el 2015 sugiere que no existe una variación significativa entre la postura de las instituciones culturales y educativas, intelectuales, académicos y la opinión pública en una década de aparentes avances en normativa antirracista y multicultural. La misma polémica advierte, finalmente, los límites de la participación política de mujeres afrocostarricenses cuando ello implica el cuestionamiento de los imaginarios nacionales.
Análisis de los mecanismos de cortesía en cartas españolas del s. XVI
Authors: Albitre Lamata Paula
Published: October 2019

El propósito de este trabajo ha sido estudiar los mecanismos de cortesía en el s. XVI. Para ello se han analizado seis actos de habla (invitación, consejo, ruego, súplica, petición y mandato) en dos corpus de cartas diferenciados: cartas de particulares a Indias y cartas teresianas. En estos textos hemos estudiado un total de 218 actos de habla, analizando: i) la expresión y características de los distintos actos de habla; ii) las estrategias de (des)cortesía y elementos atenuadores; iii) la variación de la cortesía en función de los interlocutores y la incidencia de los actos de habla sobre la imagen del receptor. El acto de habla más empleado en los corpus es la petición. Al constituir una amenaza potencial para la relación de los interlocutores, las peticiones son empleadas con atenuadores para mitigar la presión sobre el destinatario. Este trabajo pretende ser una aportación a los estudios de cortesía desde la perspectiva de la pragmática histórica. Los resultados aquí expuestos se corresponden únicamente con las cartas que componen los corpus de estudio. Solo estudios más amplios, que abarquen un número mayor de cartas, e incluyan más variedades diastráticas y diafásicas, ayudarán a consolidar las observaciones aquí realizadas y a completar la descripción de los mecanismos de uso de la cortesía en el s. XVI.
Los japonesismos del ocio en el español actual
Authors: Fernández Mata Rafael
Published: October 2019

Dentro del grupo de japonesismos utilizados en el español actual, los japonesismos relacionados con el tiempo libre constituyen la quinta mayor área referencial (7 voces de un total de 92 ítems). En el presente artículo se pretende, por primera vez en la lengua española, realizar un estudio exhaustivo de los japonesismos del ocio, atendiendo a diferentes perspectivas lingüísticas (formal, semántica e histórica), además de indicar su grado de adaptación al inventario léxico del español. Para llevar a cabo este análisis, hemos recabado toda la información disponible sobre los japonesismos del ocio en diversas fuentes (diccionarios de la lengua española actual y otros diccionarios de lenguas extranjeras, así como corpus del español). Los resultados reflejan que dichas voces, introducidas la mayoría en época reciente, se encuentran vivas en nuestra lengua.
Los indigenismos léxicos en la Descripción geográfico-moral del arzobispo Cortés y Larraz (1770): los datos salvadoreños
Authors: Ramírez Luengo José Luis
Published: October 2019

El presente trabajo se entiende como un intento de paliar, en parte, la escasez de estudios que existe sobre la historia léxica del español centroamericano. Con este propósito, se pretende analizar los indigenismosque se pueden descubrir en los capítulos que el arzobispo de Guatemala, Pedro Cortés y Larraz, dedica a El Salvador en su Descripción geográfico-moral de la diócesis de Goathemala (1770). De este modo, se tienen en cuenta cuestiones como el origen etimológico de las voces, su grado de integración en el español o los campos semánticos en que se incorporan, y se presta una especial atención a aquellas unidades que se pueden considerar americanismos desde una perspectiva de uso y dinámica de este concepto. Todo lo anterior tiene la intención final de detectar la presencia de elementos diatópicamente marcados y, por tanto, de subrayar el proceso de dialectalización de este nivel lingüístico que, por medio de los indigenismos, se puede descubrir ya en el español de la región en las postrimerías del siglo XVIII.
La planificación lingüística en la Universidad de Costa Rica: Política lingüística de lenguaje inclusivo de género, su ejecución y relación con propuestas de universidades hispanohablantes
Authors: Rivera Alfaro Silvia
Published: October 2019

En este artículo analizamos la política y planificación lingüística (PPL) de uso de lenguaje inclusivo de género de la Universidad de Costa Rica (UCR), de su creación al presente, relacionándola con propuestas que surgen en otras instituciones de educación superior del mundo hispanohablante. Con una perspectiva glotopolítica, describimos la PPL (Cooper, 1997) y su instrumento (CIEM, 2004); exploramos la ejecución de la PPL en documentos administrativos y noticias de la Rectoría; y contextualizamos la PPL de la UCR tras analizar las guías de uso no sexista del lenguaje de otras universidades hispanohablantes. Entre los principales resultados, tenemos que esta política y su instrumento, así como la manera en que buscan implementarse, no han sido claras, con consecuencias glotopolíticas como el posible rechazo de la comunidad universitaria; la implementación de la política es mayor en documentos administrativos; también, en los documentos de la Rectoría existen estrategias lingüísticas que coinciden con propuestas de otras guías y no aparecen en CIEM (2004), lo cual puede ser un insumo para la UCR. Discutimos sobre la necesidad de encontrar mecanismos de implementación relacionados con concientizar a la comunidad sobre la relación de la política lingüística con la realidad institucional y el sexismo en la academia en general (Canal UCR, 2017).
Reseñas
Authors: De Costa Rica Universidad
Published: October 2019

Carlos Mata Induráin (Coord.). «Estos festejos de Alcides»: Loas sacramentales y cortesanas del Siglo de Oro. Nueva York: IDEA, 2017, 345 páginas

Lourdes Celina Vázquez Parada. “Que besa su mano...”. Cartas de mujeres a religiosos franciscanos en el siglo XIX. Guadalajara: Editorial Universitaria de la Universidad de Guadalajara, 2016, 195 páginas

Emmanuel Marigno, Carlos Mata Induráin y Marie-Hélène Maux (editores). Cervantès quatre siècles après: Nouveaux objets, nouvelles approches. Binges: Éditions Orbis Tertius, 2017, 284 páginas

Annette Scholz y Marta Álvarez (Eds.). Cineastas emergentes. Mujeres en el cine del siglo XXI. Madrid: Iberoamericana, 2018, 306 páginas
Intermediate results of the prospective randomized study on the effect of lamina vastoadductoria dissection after superficial femoral artery stenting on the restenosis incidence in TASC-II type C and D lesions
Authors: Karpenko A. A. , Rabtsun A. A. , Popova I. V. , Cheban A. V. , Gostev A. A. , Saaya Sh. B. , Starodubtsev V. B.
Published: October 2019

Aim. To compare the effectiveness of superficial femoral artery (SFA) stenting with/without lamina vastoadductoria dissection.

Material and methods. The study included are 70 patients with TASCII type C and D lesions. All patients were divided onto 2 groups: group 1 (n=35) — conventional SFA stenting, group 2 (n=35) — SFA stenting with lamina vastoadductoria dissection. The average lesion length in group 1 was 22,92±5,62 cm, in group 2 — 21,2±5,42 cm. The primary endpoint was the absence of binary restenosis and reocclusion. Secondary composite endpoint was procedural success, limb salvage, secondary patency of the operated segment, intraoperative complications. The groups were comparable in age, sex, risk factors and comorbidities.

Results. The procedural success in both groups was 100%. Primary patency after 24 months was 28,5% in group 1 and 60% in group 2. During the 24-month follow-up period, we recorded 1 death in group 2 due to myocardial infarction. In group 1, 2 deaths due to myocardial infarction and pancreatic cancer metastasis were recorded. Limb salvage was 100% in both groups. There were no intraoperative complications in both groups.

Conclusion. Lamina vastoadductoria dissection is safe and does not lead to limb functional limitations. Biomechanical changes in the distal SFA segment contribute to the improvement of primary patency after stenting of SFA long lesions. Preliminary results of the single-center pilot study demonstrate the safety and efficacy of SFA stenting with lamina vastoadductoria dissection, emphasizing the need for further larger studies to compare it with conventional stenting and to assess the effectiveness during the long-term follow-up.
The current situation and countermeasures for conservation of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan, Qingdao, China
Authors: Zhang Xuliang , Wang Lihua , Liu Zheng , Zheng Tao , Cao Yinghui , Liu Xiujun
Published: October 2019

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to examined the characteristics of ancient and famous trees in Laoshan District, Qingdao City, Shandong Province, China, including species composition, number of individuals, origin, distribution, and age structure, to highlight the values of inheriting history and culture, improving urban environment, protecting regional biodiversity, promoting tourism economy and so on. The analyses was made through field surveys and quantitative analyses of statistical data and relevant literature, The main issues in their conservation are investigated and priority conservation measures are proposed. Results showed that there are 290 ancient and famous trees, comprising 42 species, 34 genera, and 26 families. These included four types of ancient and famous trees with different origins, namely religious trees planted by Buddhists, naturally preserved wild trees, trees with agricultural backgrounds for providing food or used as offerings, and exotic trees introduced from other places. There are relatively more local species and comparatively more elder trees. Ancient and famous trees are distributed in large numbers in Mountain Lao Scenic Area and many of them fall into temperate genera. Currently, ancient and famous tree conservation in Laoshan District is challenging because of issues such as habitat deterioration, severe effects of natural hazards, pests and diseases, weakening physiological function, and inadequate management. Based on all these analyses, countermeasures are proposed, which include regularly inspecting ancient and famous trees, restoring their habitats, reinforcing pest and disease controls, promoting studies on conservation technologies, improving management practices, increasing grants, and reforming the ownership system of ancient and famous trees.
Bullying among adolescents and school measures to tackle it
Authors: Andrade Maria Helena Barbosa de , Gomes Monalisa Cesarino , Granville-Garcia Ana Flávia , Menezes Valdenice Aparecida
Published: October 2019

Abstract Background Adolescents are particularly susceptible to the effects of negative social interactions. Thus, knowledge on the behavioral characteristics of adolescents who are targets of bullying can assist with establishing actions directed to protection of the victims. Objective Describe the types of bullying practice and how adolescents perceive this violence, as well as the methods adopted by school to tackle it. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted with 612 public school students aged 10-19 years. Data were collected through the application of a questionnaire developed by the UK-based Kidscape organization. Items were added to this questionnaire aiming to characterize the respondents and their perception regarding the conduct of school administrators in tackling the problem. Statistical analysis involved frequency description and measures of bivariate and multivariate association (α=5%). Results The prevalence of bullying was 21.7%. No significant associations were found between bullying and socio-demographic factors (p>0.05). In most cases, the onset of aggressions was at 6-11 years of age of the victim. Verbal aggression was the most frequently observed type of bullying (82.2%), and the classroom was the location where most aggressions occurred (60.2%). Installation of surveillance cameras was the main action taken by school administrators to tackle the problem. Conclusion Prevalence of bullying in the population studied may be considered high, and verbal aggression was the most frequent type of bullying. Actions of school administrators were concentrated on structural reforms.
Necessidades de crianças com síndrome congênita pelo Zika vírus no contexto domiciliar
Authors: Duarte Jhullyany dos Santos , Santos Lunara Oliveira Farias , Sette Gabriela Cunha Schechtman , Santos Thaisa de Farias Cavalcanti , Alves Fábia Alexandra Pottes , Coriolano-Marinus Maria Wanderleya de Lavor
Published: October 2019

Resumo Introdução Famílias de crianças com Zika vírus têm se deparado com diversas demandas relacionadas ao cuidado com a criança, no domicílio e na vida social. Objetivo Compreender a dinâmica familiar e a promoção de cuidados à criança com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus no contexto domiciliar. Método Estudo qualitativo, do qual participaram oito famílias de crianças com síndrome congênita do Zika vírus. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas por meio de visita domiciliar. Resultados Emergiram três categorias que retratam o cuidado domiciliar e os desafios encontrados pelas famílias: necessidades da criança no ambiente domiciliar; demandas da família; coordenação do cuidado. Identificaram-se problemas centrados nas crianças, como dificuldade de deglutição, de sono e repouso, e desenvolvimento, problemas centrados nas famílias, como sobrecarga do cuidador e fragmentação do cuidado na rede de saúde. Conclusão O cuidado das crianças com microcefalia relacionada ao Zika vírus precisa se ampliar para um cuidado centrado na família, por meio de uma rede de saúde que funcione de forma coordenada e integrada à atenção primária.