bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Evidence of superfluidity in a dipolar supersolid from nonclassical rotational inertia
Authors: Tanzi L. , Maloberti J. G. , Biagioni G. , Fioretti A. , Gabbanini C. , Modugno G.
Published: February 2021

A supersolid rotation

When a bucket of water is rotated, the water rotates with the vessel, contributing to the total moment of inertia. If such an experiment were done with a superfluid, it would decouple from the vessel and would not contribute to rotation. Tanzi
et al.
studied an intermediate case, a supersolid, which is predicted to only partially decouple, resulting in a moment of inertia smaller than the classical value. Whereas previous such experiments were done with helium, the authors used a gas of highly magnetic dysprosium atoms in an optical trapping potential that was suddenly changed, causing the gas to oscillate. Measuring the frequency of these oscillations provides evidence for a reduced moment of inertia.

Science
, this issue p.
1162
Supplemental Material: Detrital-zircon analyses, provenance, and late Paleozoic sediment dispersal in the context of tectonic evolution of the Ouachita orogen
Authors: Thomas W.A. , al. et
Published: February 2021

Table S1. Zircon U-Pb geochronologic analyses.
Thermal management with and without servo-controlled system in preterm infants immediately after birth: a multicentre, randomised controlled study
Authors: Cavallin Francesco , Doglioni Nicoletta , Allodi Alessandra , Battajon Nadia , Vedovato Stefania , Capasso Letizia , Gitto Eloisa , Laforgia Nicola , Paviotti Giulia , Capretti Maria Grazia , Gizzi Camilla , Villani Paolo Ernesto , Biban Paolo , Pratesi Simone , Lista Gianluca , Ciralli Fabrizio , Soffiati Massimo , Staffler Alex , Baraldi Eugenio , Trevisanuto Daniele
Published: February 2021

Background

The thermal servo-controlled systems are routinely used in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) to accurately manage patient temperature, but their role during the immediate postnatal phase has not been previously assessed.

Objective

To compare two modalities of thermal management (with and without the use of a servo-controlled system) immediately after birth.

Study design and setting

Multicentre, unblinded, randomised trial conducted 15 Italian tertiary hospitals.

Participants

Infants with estimated birth weight <1500 g and/or gestational age <30+6weeks.

Intervention

Thermal management with or without a thermal servo-controlled system during stabilisation in the delivery room.

Primary outcome

Proportion of normothermia at NICU admission (axillary temperature 36.5°C–37.5°C).

Results

At NICU admission, normothermia was achieved in 89/225 neonates (39.6%) with the thermal servo-controlled system and 95/225 neonates (42.2%) without the thermal servo-controlled system (risk ratio 0.94, 95% CI 0.75 to 1.17). Thermal servo-controlled system was associated with increased mild hypothermia (36°C–36.4°C) (risk ratio 1.48, 95% CI 1.09 to 2.01).

Conclusions

In very low birthweight infants, thermal management with the servo-controlled system conferred no advantage in maintaining normothermia at NICU admission, while it was associated with increased mild hypothermia. Thermal management of preterm infants immediately after birth remains a challenge.

Trial registration number

NCT03844204
Cardiac amyloidosis masquerading as acute coronary syndrome
Authors: Tew Yong Yong , Scott Anne
Published: February 2021

A 53-year-old man presented to a district general hospital with chest pain, ECG changes and a small high-sensitivity cardiac troponin I rise. There were no symptoms of heart failure. CT coronary angiography revealed moderate calcific disease and conventional angiography confirmed no flow limitation. Echocardiography showed left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH). His blood pressure remained normal throughout his admission. The tertiary centre labelled this as a ‘plaque rupture’ event but the LVH remained unexplained. Cardiac MRI displayed an unusual pattern of late gadolinium enhancement, which was not classical of amyloid. However, a raised serum free kappa light chain along with the deposition of amyloid on his bone marrow aspirate confirmed the diagnosis of primary AL amyloidosis with cardiac involvement. The patient went on to have chemotherapy and remained stable at 1-year follow-up.
Simultaneous double laryngeal tumours: a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge
Authors: Cooper Fergus , Moleron Rafael , Chapman Andrea , Shakeel Muhammad
Published: February 2021

Leiomyosarcomas are soft tissue tumours that rarely occur in the larynx. This case report describes the presentation and management of a 77-year-old man referred to the otolaryngology clinic with hoarseness who was found to have a large supraglottic leiomyosarcoma after panendoscopy and biopsies. He subsequently underwent laryngectomy for treatment of this tumour but, unexpectedly, the histological analysis of the laryngectomy specimen revealed a second primary tumour in the larynx—a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The patient had further treatment with neck radiotherapy. Three years after treatment, there are no signs of recurrence of either tumour. This case report discusses the very few similar cases of leiomyosarcoma coexisting with SCC in the larynx, collating the evidence surrounding the treatment of this rare presentation.
Novel approach to engage left main coronary artery in aneurysmally dilated aortic root
Authors: Goyal Abhishek , Aslam Naved , Mohan Bishav , Wander Gurpreet Singh
Published: February 2021

Aneurysmally dilated aortic route pose a considerable challenge in invasive coronary angiography (CAG) using routine workhorse catheters. Often one has to resort to either CT CAG which is not possible in all cases or use other techniques described in literature which may be technically challenging. We report a novel technique using multipurpose-1 (MPA-1) catheter. By applying gentle pressure, MPA-1 can be shaped to conform to aortic root anatomy by forming a primary and secondary loop. This makes engagement of left main ostium easy and atraumatic.
Simple vacuum cup to identify the primary myofascial restriction: the root cause of pain elsewhere
Authors: Vasanthan Lenny Thinagaran , Chockalingam Manigandan
Published: February 2021

Identification of the primary source of pain determines the success of musculoskeletal pain management. A detailed history and physical examination are the current gold standards for identifying musculoskeletal pain source in day-to-day clinical practice. This process, at times, may potentially result in inadequate/inappropriate identification of the pain source. In this case report, we present the usefulness of a simple and inexpensive vacuum cup. We found that this accurately identified the primary pain source, distant from and unrelated to the site of pain presentation in a 30-year-old man with back pain. Routine use of this simple technique in conjunction with the regular musculoskeletal examination may better identify primary restrictions in the body tissues. Based on our experience, we propose that this approach has the potential to offer better outcomes in the treatment of musculoskeletal pain in the future.
Use of patient complaints to identify diagnosis-related safety concerns: a mixed-method evaluation
Authors: Giardina Traber D , Korukonda Saritha , Shahid Umber , Vaghani Viralkumar , Upadhyay Divvy K , Burke Greg F , Singh Hardeep
Published: February 2021

Background

Patient complaints are associated with adverse events and malpractice claims but underused in patient safety improvement.

Objective

To systematically evaluate the use of patient complaint data to identify safety concerns related to diagnosis as an initial step to using this information to facilitate learning and improvement.

Methods

We reviewed patient complaints submitted to Geisinger, a large healthcare organisation in the USA, from August to December 2017 (cohort 1) and January to June 2018 (cohort 2). We selected complaints more likely to be associated with diagnostic concerns in Geisinger’s existing complaint taxonomy. Investigators reviewed all complaint summaries and identified cases as ‘concerning’ for diagnostic error using the National Academy of Medicine’s definition of diagnostic error. For all ‘concerning’ cases, a clinician-reviewer evaluated the associated investigation report and the patient’s medical record to identify any missed opportunities in making a correct or timely diagnosis. In cohort 2, we selected a 10% sample of ‘concerning’ cases to test this smaller pragmatic sample as a proof of concept for future organisational monitoring.

Results

In cohort 1, we reviewed 1865 complaint summaries and identified 177 (9.5%) concerning reports. Review and analysis identified 39 diagnostic errors. Most were categorised as ‘Clinical Care issues’ (27, 69.2%), defined as concerns/questions related to the care that is provided by clinicians in any setting. In cohort 2, we reviewed 2423 patient complaint summaries and identified 310 (12.8%) concerning reports. The 10% sample (n=31 cases) contained five diagnostic errors. Qualitative analysis of cohort 1 cases identified concerns about return visits for persistent and/or worsening symptoms, interpersonal issues and diagnostic testing.

Conclusions

Analysis of patient complaint data and corresponding medical record review identifies patterns of failures in the diagnostic process reported by patients and families. Health systems could systematically analyse available data on patient complaints to monitor diagnostic safety concerns and identify opportunities for learning and improvement.
Mobilizing values: using perceptions of barachois ponds in Nova Scotia to advance informed management
Authors: Ross Lydia , Fanning Lucia
Published: February 2021

Meaningful engagement is increasingly used as a management tool for understanding the multitude of complex values and potential conflicts around marine conservation and the production of conservation strategies deemed acceptable by local communities. Barachois ponds, akin to coastal lagoons, are recognized coastal wetlands in Nova Scotia, Canada, given their distinct ecosystem services, including provisioning, regulating, and cultural services. This study examines the current discourses around the management of barachois ponds and how an increased understanding of these perceptions held by stakeholders and managers might be used to better inform integrated management of these wetland ecosystems. A mixed-methods research design using Q methodology was employed to acquire data on social perceptions surrounding the management of barachois ponds fringing the Bras d’Or Lake in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, Canada. Four dominant perspectives were identified: the leave-them-be conservationists, the sustainable developers, the management reformists, and the science-based conservationists. Six key issue themes emerged based on an in-depth examination of these different perspectives and Q sort data. This study found that an increased awareness of the ecological, social, and cultural values attributed to barachois ponds by key stakeholders could play a critical role in better informing wetland management decision-making in Nova Scotia and elsewhere.
The tragedy of conservation
Authors: Rogers Raymond A.
Published: February 2021

A central contention of this paper is that conservation strategies are failing because they have become increasingly integrated into, and share the assumptions of, the structures of capitalism. As a result, conservation is becoming a strategic specialty within capitalism, rather than an ethical challenge to its basic assumptions. The paper examines this integration by analysing the way Hardin’s argument in the “tragedy of the commons” metaphor was taken up by policy makers in Canada’s East Coast fishery and a case is made that, as seen in the case of the fishery, this strategic integration limited the analytical capability of conservation to highlight the causes of environmental degradation. The critical literature on Hardin’s model points to the failure to recognize the importance of social relations and local institutional arrangements in combatting environmental failure. This paper contributes to the importance of “the social” in conservation debates by emphasizing Polanyi’s contrasting definitions of formal and substantive economics and the way they relate to contrasting conceptions of tragedy, as set out by Hardin (formal tragedy from above) and Goldmann’s conception of a historically specific tragedy that can be described as substantive tragedy from below. The analytical failure associated with Hardin’s metaphor can serve as a cautionary tale for current strategic and specific conservation strategies that tend to downplay the importance of ethical and social issues.
Reaction–diffusion–convection equations in two spatial dimensions; continuous and discrete dynamics
Authors: Carstea A. S.
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we investigate some two-dimensional (with respect to spatial independent variables) reaction–diffusion–convection equations with various nonlinear (reaction) terms. Using Hirota bilinear formalism with a free auxiliary function, we obtain kink solutions and many spatio-temporal discretizations having birational form.
Rolling Bearing Fault Diagnosis Method Based on Eigenvalue Selection and Dimension Reduction Algorithm
Authors: Chen Song , Chen Li-Ai , Wang Da-Gui , Cheng He-Sheng
Published: February 2021

The bearings used in the mechanical equipment that bear and transfer the load are vulnerable parts. In this paper, a rolling bearing fault diagnosis method based on eigenvalue selection and dimensionality reduction is presented. This is suitable for analyzing fault signals with nonstationary characteristics, and it has a good recognition rate. The characteristic quantity of vibration signals in the time domain and the frequency domain is calculated, and the characteristic quantity is selected by calculating the degree of difference. A dimension reduction algorithm is proposed, which is based on a neural network and ISOMAP. Its performance is compared using PCA, LTSA, and ISOMAP algorithms. Fault diagnosis is carried out by using KNN and SVM classification algorithms, and good recognition results are obtained.
A Low-Voltage Two-Stage Enhanced Gain Bulk-Driven Floating Gate OTA
Authors: Dubey Tanmay , Bhadauria Vijaya
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a two-stage enhanced gain bulk-driven floating gate OTA (EG-BDFG OTA) using flipped voltage follower (FVF). The gain of the OTA is increased with the help of a self-biased summing stage followed by a conventional common-source stage. To ensure the stability of the proposed two-stage OTA, cascode compensation technique is used. The circuit is designed and simulated in Cadence Virtuoso tool using UMC 0.18-[Formula: see text]m CMOS technology library. The simulation results indicate that the proposed design has an improved voltage gain of 59[Formula: see text]dB that is 3.5 times more than that of the single-stage BDFG-FVF OTA. The linearity of the proposed OTA is almost maintained while enhancing the gain by 42[Formula: see text]dB. The circuit delivers [Formula: see text]65[Formula: see text]dB of HD3 and [Formula: see text]56[Formula: see text]dB of THD when a 0.2-Vpp differential input signal of 1-MHz frequency is applied. The circuit is also verified for process variations at different corners with the aid of Monte Carlo and Corner analyses. The layout of the proposed EG-BDFG OTA is also drawn and presented in the paper.
Hubble parameter and related formulas for a Weyl scaling invariant dark energy action
Authors: Adler Stephen L.
Published: February 2021

We extend our previous analysis of a model for “dark energy” based on a Weyl scaling invariant dark energy action. We reexpress all prior results in terms of proper time, using the fluctuation amplitude [Formula: see text] without approximation, and derive a compact formula for the squared effective Hubble parameter. This formula involves effective dark energy and matter densities that differ from their expressions in the standard [Formula: see text] cosmology. We also give new analytic results for the function [Formula: see text] and discuss their implications.
General relativistic aberration equation and measurable angle of light ray in Kerr spacetime
Authors: Arakida Hideyoshi
Published: February 2021

We will mainly discuss the measurable angle (local angle) of the light ray [Formula: see text] at the position of the observer [Formula: see text] instead of the total deflection angle (global angle) [Formula: see text] in Kerr spacetime. We will investigate not only the effect of the gravito-magnetic field or frame dragging due to the spin of the central object but also the contribution of the motion of the observer with a coordinate radial velocity [Formula: see text] and a coordinate transverse velocity [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] is the impact parameter ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are the angular momentum and the energy of the light ray, respectively) and [Formula: see text] is a coordinate angular velocity. [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are computed from the components of the four-velocity of the observer [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], respectively. Because the motion of observer causes an aberration, we will employ the general relativistic aberration equation to obtain the measurable angle [Formula: see text] which is determined by the four-momentum of the light ray [Formula: see text] and the four-momentum of the radial null geodesic [Formula: see text] as well as the four-velocity of the observer [Formula: see text]. The measurable angle [Formula: see text] given in this paper can be applied not only to the case of the observer located in an asymptotically flat region but also to the case of the observer placed within the curved and finite-distance region. Moreover, when the observer is in radial motion, the total deflection angle [Formula: see text] can be expressed by [Formula: see text]; this is consistent with the overall scaling factor [Formula: see text] instead of [Formula: see text] with respect to the total deflection angle [Formula: see text] in the static case ([Formula: see text] is the velocity of the lens object). On the other hand, when the observer is in transverse motion, the total deflection angle is given by the form [Formula: see text] if we define the transverse velocity as having the form [Formula: see text].
Free Transverse Vibration of Nickel Coated Carbon Nanotubes
Authors: Günay M. Gökhan
Published: February 2021

Transverse vibration of nickel coated carbon nanotubes is investigated by using molecular dynamics simulations. The simulations are carried out for armchair and zig-zag carbon nanotubes with various lengths. Uncoated and nickel coated carbon nanotubes having same lengths are analyzed and their vibrational behaviors are compared. Free transverse vibrations of nickel coated carbon nanotubes are modelled by using a two-phase local–nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam model and solved by finite element method. Nonlocal parameter of the beam model is calibrated based on molecular dynamics simulation results. It is seen that for the same length diameter ratio, the nickel coated carbon nanotubes have similar vibrational characteristics with the uncoated carbon nanotubes but their natural frequencies are smaller than the uncoated ones. Also, it is shown that by using proper nonlocal parameters for each radius length ratio, the two-phase local–nonlocal Euler–Bernoulli beam model can successfully predict the natural frequencies of both short and long nanotubes. Besides natural frequencies and mode shapes, the clustering of nickel atoms depend on simulation temperature which is discussed during oscillation of nickel coated carbon nanotubes.
Analyzing the Thermal Post-Buckling of Composite Plate Containing an Elliptical Cut-Out Using a Particle Semi-Energy Method
Authors: Dehghani M.
Published: February 2021

In this research, nonlinear thermal buckling and post-buckling behaviors of composite plate with the circular/elliptical cut-out are investigated using particle semi-energy (PSE) method. The semi-energy method is based on the solution of compatibility equation via an Airy force function and out-of-plane displacement function. The unknown parameters of these functions are determined by minimizing the potential energy. The integral of potential energy are replaced with summation of particles energy at perforated plate. The cut-out is modeled easily using these particles. The advantages of this method are easily cut-out modeling by particles and proposing just one of the displacement fields (i.e. out-of-plane). Based on the results, there is a good agreement (1.25%) between the post-buckling loads derived from PSE of this paper and experimental test of other literature. The accuracy of the finite element method (FEM) is 7.5% with respect to experimental test. The influences of temperature distribution, the cut-out size and elliptical cut-out rotating on post-buckling load and deflection of perforated plate are investigated.
The Schröder–Bernstein problem for dual F-Baer modules
Authors: Keski̇n Tütüncü Derya
Published: February 2021

In this paper we introduce dual [Formula: see text]-Baer modules and give a characterization of them. Let [Formula: see text] be a module and [Formula: see text] a fully invariant submodule of [Formula: see text]. [Formula: see text] is called dual [Formula: see text]-Baer if for every family of endomorphisms [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text], [Formula: see text] is a direct summand of [Formula: see text]. We prove that [Formula: see text] is dual [Formula: see text]-Baer if and only if [Formula: see text] for some submodule [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] dual Baer. We obtain a positive solution for the Schröder–Bernstein problem for certain dual [Formula: see text]-Baer modules.
FRW universe in f(R,T) gravity
Authors: Tiwari R. K. , Sofuoğlu D. , Beesham A.
Published: February 2021

In this study, Friedmann–Robertson–Walker space-time filled with a perfect fluid in [Formula: see text] modified theory, where [Formula: see text] is the Ricci scalar and [Formula: see text] is the trace of the energy–momentum tensor of matter, has been considered. The investigation of the phase transition of the universe from the decelerating expansion phase to the accelerating one has been made by adopting a special form of the varying deceleration parameter that is inversely proportional to the Hubble parameter. The exact solution of the field equations has been derived. The kinematic and dynamical quantities of the model have been obtained and their evolutions have been discussed by means of their graphs. The statefinder diagnostic has been used and the age of the universe has been computed for testing the validity of the model. It has been shown that the dominant energy of the model is ordinary matter which behaves as the SCDM model at the beginning and it is a quintessence like fluid which behaves as the [Formula: see text]CDM model at late times.
Modeling for Cyclic Plasticity of Gradient Nanostructured Metals and Fatigue Life Prediction
Authors: Chen Wufan , Zhou Haofei
Published: February 2021

This paper proposes a theoretical model for the description of tension-compression cyclic plasticity of gradient nanostructured (GNS) metals. The gradient grain size effect is considered by introducing the Hall–Petch relation for local yield stress and strain hardening. With the experimentally measured grain size distribution profile, the average axial stress can be calculated for cylindrical GNS metal specimens. The model was verified using experimental data obtained from 316L stainless steel treated by surface mechanical rolling treatment (SMRT). Moreover, the corresponding strain energy for cyclic plasticity can be calculated from the constitutive equations, providing an energy-based approach to explain the fatigue life of gradient 316L stainless steel.
Hadamard integral inequality for the class of semi-harmonically convex functions
Authors: Vosoughian Hamid
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduce the concept of right semi-harmonically [Formula: see text]-convex, (RHS [Formula: see text]-convex) function by the inequality [Formula: see text] and also left semi-harmonically [Formula: see text]-convex, (LHS [Formula: see text]-convex) [Formula: see text] where [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] are two geodesic arcs. Then, we will find some refinements of Hadamard integral inequality for semi-harmonically [Formula: see text]-convex functions in the case of Sugeno and Lebesque integral.
The structure of split regular Hom-Leibniz–Poisson color algebras
Authors: Khalili Valiollah
Published: February 2021

In this paper, we introduce the class of split regular Hom-Leibniz–Poisson color algebras as the natural generalization of split regular Hom-Leibniz algebras, split regular Hom-Poisson algebras and split regular Hom-Leibniz–Poisson superalgebras. By developing techniques of connections of roots for this kind of algebras, we show that such a split regular Hom-Leibniz–Poisson color algebra [Formula: see text] is of the form [Formula: see text] with [Formula: see text] a subspace of the abelian sub algebra [Formula: see text] and any [Formula: see text] a well-described ideal of [Formula: see text] satisfying [Formula: see text] if [Formula: see text]. Under certain conditions, in the case of [Formula: see text] being of maximal length, the simplicity and the primeness of the algebra is characterized and it is shown that [Formula: see text] is the direct sum of the family of its minimal ideals, each one being a simple split regular Hom-Leibniz–Poisson color algebra.
Finger Rescue Using the Induced Membrane Technique for Osteomyelitis of the Hand
Authors: Toyama Takeyasu , Hamada Yoshitaka , Horii Emiko , Kinoshita Riichiro , Saito Takanori
Published: February 2021

Background: The induced membrane technique is now commonly used for large diaphyseal bone defects. Recently, several papers reported using the induced membrane technique for hand surgery. We applied this technique with some modifications to treat osteomyelitis of the phalanges.

Methods: This study included six men and one woman with a mean age of 56 years. The causes of osteomyelitis included animal bite (n = 3), trauma (n = 3), and an indwelling needle (n = 1). Two-staged surgeries were performed, including an initial stage with radical debridement of the infected tissue and placement of a cement spacer into the bone defect. Four weeks after the first stage, a bone graft was performed. A bone block with cortex was harvested from the iliac crest or radius, and costal cartilage was used for proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joint arthroplasty in two cases. Grafted bones were fixed with a mini screw or an external fixator.

Results: In all cases, the infection subsided, and bone union was obtained within two to three months. No absorption of the grafted bone was observed. In the two cases with PIP joint defect, joint motion without pain was preserved at 56° and 26°.

Conclusions: A short interval between the two surgical stages of the induced membrane technique could be advantageous for patients in terms of time and financial burden and early rehabilitation of movement. Cortico-cancellous bone grafts were able to maintain bone length and stability with screw fixation. In the cases with PIP joint defects, instead of arthrodesis, we performed PIP arthroplasty using costal cartilage, eventually obtained some motion without pain. The induced membrane technique was useful and technically feasible for treating osteomyelitis in the hand, and secondary joint reconstruction was possible to obtain some motion.
On Forced-Vibroacoustic Component Analyses of an Arbitrarily Shaped Vibrating Structure
Authors: Wu Sean F. , Chen Lingguang
Published: February 2021

This paper presents a methodology that enables one to trace back the forced-vibroacoustic components (F-VAC) that are responsible for acoustic radiation from an arbitrarily shaped structure. This methodology relies on a modified Helmholtz equation least-square (HELS) method that takes partial normal surface velocities obtained by using a laser vibrometer and partial acoustic pressures measured using a small array of microphones as input to reconstruct the distributions of the normal surface velocity and acoustic pressure over the entire source surface. Next, the normal component of the time-averaged acoustic intensity distribution is reconstructed and linked to the field acoustic pressure. Finally, the singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is used to reveal the most critical components of the structural vibrations that are responsible for acoustic radiation. The advantages of using partial normal surface velocities and acoustic pressures as input data are that: (1) it enables one to acquire the rich near-field information embedded in the normal surface velocities; (2) it is a noncontact and noninvasive measurement approach using a laser vibrometer or scanning laser and a small microphone array at a remote location; (3) it enables one to obtain a comprehensive picture of the vibroacoustic fields that traditional near-field acoustic holography (NAH) cannot offer; (4) it allows for correlating the near-field effects to the far-field acoustic pressures and revealing the root causes of structure-borne sound radiation; (5) it provides an insight into developing the most cost-effective noise reduction measures; and (6) it is suited for engineering applications since in practice there are always areas that are inaccessible for measurements. Finally, it is emphasized that although sound may be produced by structural vibrations, not all structural vibrations may produce sound. Therefore, all one needs to do is to suppress the most critical components of structural vibrations that can emit sound. Experimental validations of using F-VAC analyses to reduce sound radiation from an arbitrarily shaped structure are demonstrated.
Chapter 3.1a Antarctic Peninsula and South Shetland Islands: volcanology
Authors: Leat Philip T. , Riley Teal R.
Published: February 2021

The voluminous continental margin volcanic arc of the Antarctic Peninsula is one of the major tectonic features of West Antarctica. It extends from the Trinity Peninsula and the South Shetland Islands in the north to Alexander Island and Palmer Land in the south, a distance of
c.
1300 km, and was related to east-directed subduction beneath the continental margin. Thicknesses of exposed volcanic rocks are up to
c.
1.5 km, and the terrain is highly dissected by erosion and heavily glacierized. The arc was active from Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous times until the Early Miocene, a period of climate cooling from subtropical to glacial. The migration of the volcanic axis was towards the trench over time along most of the length of the arc. Early volcanism was commonly submarine but most of the volcanism was subaerial. Basaltic–andesitic stratocones and large silicic composite volcanoes with calderas can be identified. Other rock associations include volcaniclastic fans, distal tuff accumulations, coastal wetlands and glacio-marine eruptions.

Other groups of volcanic rocks of Jurassic age in Alexander Island comprise accreted oceanic basalts within an accretionary complex and volcanic rocks erupted within a rift basin along the continental margin that apparently predate subduction.
UK CropNet
Authors: Wixon Jo
Published: February 2021

This review explores the UK CropNet site. The project is aimed at aiding the comparative mapping of cereal and other crop genomes. The site provides software tools for use by those working on genome mapping, and access to an array of databases that will be of interest to all members of the plant genomics research community, using several ACeDB interfaces. All screen views from the website are reproduced with the kind permission of Dr Sean May, Director, Nottingham Arabidopsis Stock Centre (NASC).
Comparative Genomics Uncovers Large Tandem Chromosomal Duplications in Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur
Authors: Brosch Roland , Gordon Stephen V. , Buchrieser Carmen , Pym Alexander S. , Garnier Thierry , Cole Stewart T.
Published: February 2021

On direct comparison of minimal sets of ordered clones from bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) libraries representing the complete genomes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv and the vaccine strain, Mycobacterium bovis BCG Pasteur, two major rearrangements were identified in the genome of M. bovis BCG Pasteur. These were shown to correspond to two tandem duplications, DU1 and DU2, of 29 668 bp and 36 161 bp, respectively. While DU1 resulted from a single duplication event, DU2 apparently arose from duplication of a 100 kb genomic segment that subsequently incurred an internal deletion of 64 kb. Several lines of evidence suggest that DU2 may continue to expand, since two copies were detected in a subpopulation of BCG Pasteur cells. BCG strains harbouring DU1 and DU2 are diploid for at least 58 genes and contain two copies of oriC, the chromosomal origin of replication. These findings indicate that these genomic regions of the BCG genome are still dynamic. Although the role of DU1 and DU2 in the attenuation and/or altered immunogenicity of BCG is yet unknown, knowledge of their existence will facilitate quality control of BCG vaccine lots and may help in monitoring the efficacy of the world's most widely used vaccine.
The Gene Guessing Game
Authors: Dunham Ian
Published: February 2021

A recent flurry of publications and media attention has revived interest in the question of how many genes exist in the human genome. Here, I review the estimates and use genomic sequence data from human chromosomes 21 and 22 to establish my own prediction.
Danio rerio, the Zebrafish
Authors: Wixon Jo
Published: February 2021

The zebrafish has long been a favourite model for the study of vertebrate development. Here we provide an overview of the current state of knowledge and resources for the study of this fish, with comments on the future direction of zebrafish genomics from Professor Mark Fishman and Dr Stephen Wilson.
An Axial Foilless Diode Guided by Composite Magnetic Field for the Production of Relativistic Electron Beams
Authors: Li Chunxia , Jin Xiao , Wang Ganping , Zhang Beizhen , Gong Haitao , Gan Yanqing , Li Fei , Song Falun
Published: February 2021

Foilless diode are widely used in high-power microwave devices, but the traditional foilless diodes have large volume, heavy weight, and high power consumption, which are not conducive to the application of high-power microwave system on mobile platform. In order to reduce the size of the foilless diode, improve the transmission efficiency of electron beams, and reduce the weight and power consumption of the guiding magnetic field system, an axial foilless diode with a composite guiding magnetic field system is developed in this paper. By adjusting the structure size and magnetic field parameters of solenoid coil, permanent magnet, and soft magnet, the configuration of the composite magnetic field is optimized. The diameter of the anode tube is about 40% smaller than that of the original structure, and the weight and power consumption of the guiding magnetic system are about 40% lower than that of the original system when the same axial magnetic field intensity in the uniform region is generated. When the magnetic field strength of the permanent magnet is set as 1.4 T and that of the solenoid coil is in the range of 0.5 T∼1 T, the electron beam transmission efficiency is 100%, and the diode impedance is adjustable in the range of 100 Ω∼240 Ω. The experimental results verify the correctness of the simulation analysis. The experimental results show that when the magnetic field strength of the solenoid coil is 0.98 T (0.5 T) and that of the permanent magnet is 1.4 T, the transmission efficiency of the high-current annular electron beam with a peak voltage of 636 kV (590 kV) and a peak current of 3.3 kA (2.6 kA) is 100%, and the diode impedance is about 194 Ω (220 Ω).
An Efficient HPRA-Based Multiclient Verifiable Computation: Transform and Instantiation
Authors: Xu Shuaijianni
Published: February 2021

Choi, Katz, Kumaresan, and Cid put forward the conception of multiclient noninteractive verifiable computation (MVC), enabling a group of clients to outsource computation of a function of

f

. CKKC’s MVC is impractical due to their dependence on fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) and garbled circuits (GCs). In this paper, with the goal of satisfying practical requirements, a general transform is presented from the homomorphic proxy re-authenticator (HPRA) of Deler, Ramacher, and Slamanig to MVC schemes. MVC constructions in this particular study tend to be more efficient once the underlying HPRA avoids introducing FHE and GCs. By deploying the transform to DRS’s HPRA scheme, a specific MVC scheme for calculating the linear combinations of vectors has been proposed. It can be understood that it is the first feasible and implementable MVC scheme so far, and the instantiation solution has a great advantage in efficiency compared with related works.
NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, and Diabetes Mellitus Type 2
Authors: Marušić Marinko , Paić Matej , Knobloch Mia , Liberati Pršo Ana-Marija
Published: February 2021

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is a condition defined by fat accumulation in hepatocytes not promoted by excessive alcohol consumption. It is highly prevalent and is strongly associated with insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes type II. Insulin resistance plays a crucial role in the multifactorial etiopathogenesis of this condition leading to accumulation of free fatty acids in the liver cells, thus causing lipotoxicity, inflammation, and fibrosis. In this review, we will focus on currently known pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Numerous investigation strategies are available to establish the diagnosis, from biochemical markers and ultrasound to various molecular and advanced imaging techniques and liver biopsy. Prevention is crucial. However, effective and promising therapies are strongly demanded.
Immersive 5G Virtual Reality Visualization Display System Based on Big-Data Digital City Technology
Authors: Tian Fei
Published: February 2021

The virtual reality visual display system creates a realistic virtual product display system, allowing users to swim in a three-dimensional virtual environment and perform interactive operations, fully simulating the process of shopping selection and payment in reality, so that users have an immersive feeling. The purpose of this article is to realize the design of an immersive 5G virtual reality visual display system through big-data digital city technology. This paper uses big-data digital city technology to design and implement an immersive virtual reality visualization system from the three-dimensional display mode of vision, hearing, and touch, creating a real and interactive three-dimensional visualization environment for users to have a more intuitive visual experience. The experimental results of this paper show that the smoothness of the virtual reality visualization system test can reach 60FPS, the excellent rate reaches nearly 33%, and the model scene-realistic feedback excellent rate is about 62.5%.
IMP3 Immunohistochemical Expression in Inverted Papilloma and Inverted Papilloma-Associated Sinonasal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Authors: Hakim Sarah A. , Abd Raboh Nermine M. , Shash Lobna S.
Published: February 2021

Sinonasal inverted papilloma (IP) has a propensity for malignant transformation. Although the IP-associated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is rare, it has a poor prognosis. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to assess IMP3 immunohistochemical (IHC) expression in sinonasal tumors and to compare it to the Ki-67 IHC expression and to other established clinicopathological parameters. A retrospective study was conducted on three groups which consisted of 72 cases of sinonasal IP, 20 age-matched samples of normal respiratory epithelium, and 15 cases of sinonasal SCC associated with IP, which were obtained from the archives of the Pathology Lab of Ain Shams University Specialized and Ain Shams University Hospitals during the period from January 2012 to December 2019. An IHC study was performed to evaluate IMP3 and Ki-67 expression in the three groups, with correlation of IMP3 expression to established clinicopathological parameters of sinonasal SCC on top of IP. Both IMP3 and Ki-67 showed a sharp rise in expression in the sinonasal SCC group. In addition, there were statistically significant differences in expression values between the 3 groups (

P
=
0.001

). Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis revealed that IMP3 and Ki-67 could be used to discriminate sinonasal SCC from control and IP lesions, with sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 81.5% for IMP3, respectively, and 100% and 62.5% for Ki-67, respectively. Spearman’s rho revealed that both IMP3 and Ki-67 were significantly related to the lymph node and tumor stages but not to the tumor grade. ROC analysis was performed to select cut-off scores for progression and survival for IMP3, and accordingly, Kaplan-Meier analysis showed correlation between IMP3 and overall survival, local recurrence-free survival, and metastasis-free survival in sinonasal SCC cases at the selected cut-off values. Based on our results, IMP3 could serve as a promising diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic marker for IP-associated sinonasal SCC.
Modeling and Parameter Identification of the MR Damper Based on LS-SVM
Authors: Qian Cheng , Yin Xiaoliang , Ouyang Qing
Published: February 2021

In order to identify the nonlinear characteristics of the magnetorheological (MR) damper applied in multi-DOF vibration reduction platforms in the aerospace field in the modeling process, the least square support vector machine (LS-SVM) method is adopted, because LS-SVM can handle small-sample, high-dimensional characteristic problems. Firstly, the theory of the modeling method based on LS-SVM was illustrated including the genetic algorithm (GA) optimization method. Secondly, the characteristic curve of the MR damper was tested based on different conditions. Then, the current and historical input displacement, velocity, and current and the historical output are taken as the input of the LS-SVM model and the damping force of the current output is taken as the output of the model for model training. Meanwhile, the genetic algorithm is introduced to optimize the parameters of the LS-SVM model which affect the accuracy of the model, the penalty factor

c
=
16.48

, and the kernel parameter

σ
=
3.39

after optimization. Finally, in order to verify the method adopted in the paper, the Simulink model was simulated in certain input conditions; by comparing the simulation and experimental values of this model, it is found that the maximum error is within 10 N and the average error is around 0.89 N, which is similar to the accuracy obtained in other works of literature, and the correctness of this model is verified.
Related Pentacyclic Triterpenes Have Immunomodulatory Activity in Chronic Experimental Visceral Leishmaniasis
Authors: de Jesus Jéssica Adriana , Laurenti Márcia Dalastra , Antonangelo Leila , Faria Caroline Silvério , Lago João Henrique Ghilardi , Passero Luiz Felipe Domingues
Published: February 2021

Leishmaniasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by the flagellated protozoa of the genus Leishmania that affects millions of people around the world. Drugs employed in the treatment of leishmaniasis have limited efficacy and induce local and systemic side effects to the patients. Natural products are an interesting alternative to treat leishmaniasis, because some purified molecules are selective toward parasites and not to the host cells. Thus, the aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro antileishmanial activity of the triterpenes betulin (Be), lupeol (Lu), and ursolic acid (UA); analyze the physiology and morphology of affected organelles; analyze the toxicity of selected triterpenes in golden hamsters; and study the therapeutic activity of triterpenes in hamsters infected with L. (L.) infantum as well as the cellular immunity induced by studied molecules. The triterpenes Lu and UA were active on promastigote (IC50=4.0±0.3and8.0±0.2 μM, respectively) and amastigote forms (IC50=17.5±0.4and3.0±0.2 μM, respectively) of L. (L.) infantum, and their selectivity indexes (SI) toward amastigote forms were higher (≥13.4 and 14, respectively) than SI of miltefosine (2.7). L. (L.) infantum promastigotes treated with Lu and UA showed cytoplasmic degradation, and in some of these areas, cell debris were identified, resembling autophagic vacuoles, and parasite mitochondria were swelled, fragmented, and displayed membrane potential altered over time. Parasite cell membrane was not affected by studied triterpenes. Studies of toxicity in golden hamster showed that Lu did not alter blood biochemical parameters associated with liver and kidney functions; however, a slight increase of aspartate aminotransferase level in animals treated with 2.5 mg/kg of UA was detected. Lu and UA triterpenes eliminated amastigote forms in the spleen (87.5 and 95.9% of reduction, respectively) and liver of infected hamster (95.9 and 99.7% of reduction, respectively); and UA showed similar activity at eliminating amastigote forms in the spleen and liver than amphotericin B (99.2 and 99.8% of reduction). The therapeutic activity of both triterpenes was associated with the elevation of IFN-γ and/or iNOS expression in infected treated animals. This is the first comparative work showing the in vitro activity, toxicity, and therapeutic activity of Lu and UA in the chronic model of visceral leishmaniasis caused by L. (L.) infantum; additionally, both triterpenes activated cellular immune response in the hamster model of visceral leishmaniasis.
Sparse and Dense Mixed Grid Transit Accessible Network Based on Uneven Distribution of Travel Demand
Authors: Guo Chen , Wang Jianjun , Huo Yueying , Jian Meiying
Published: February 2021

The uneven distribution of travel demand is incredibly commonplace in cities, but insufficient attention has been paid to this problem. In this paper, we explore the impact of the uneven distribution of travel demand on an accessible network. A model with a sparse and dense mixed grid transit network based on an uneven distribution of travel demand is proposed to provide a high-performance bus service. The transit network was composed of two parts: a dense grid network in the downtown area and a sparse grid network in the periphery. The objective function of the model included agency cost and passenger cost, where the decision variables were the downtown-to-city ratio, the downtown headway, stop spacing (line spacing), and ratio of the periphery headway to the downtown headway. This study validated the proposed model using the demands of San Francisco. The concentrated spatial demand resulted in a lower total cost, whereas the varying travel demand must be controlled within an appropriate range to maintain the bus performance. The stable bus lines and stops with a variable timetable of the proposed model are profitable for fast-growing cities.