bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ChemInform Abstract: Iron‐Catalyzed C—H Bond Activation for the ortho‐Arylation of Aryl Pyridines and Imines with Grignard Reagents.
Authors: Yoshikai Naohiko , Asako Sobi , Yamakawa Takeshi , Ilies Laurean , Nakamura Eiichi
Published: March 2012

Title reactions proceed with complete ortho‐selectivity in the presence of an iron—diamine catalyst and dichloro‐2‐methylpropane as an oxidant under mild conditions within short reaction times.
ChemInform Abstract: Asymmetric Organocatalytic Intramolecular Aza‐Michael Addition of Enone Carbamates: Catalytic Enantioselective Access to Functionalized 2‐Substituted Piperidines.
Authors: Liu Jian‐Dong , Chen Ying‐Chun , Zhang Guo‐Biao , Li Zhi‐Qiang , Chen Peng , Du Ji‐Yuan , Tu Yong‐Qiang , Fan Chun‐An
Published: March 2012

A new, highly enantioselective approach to a number of 2‐functionalized piperidines as well as pyrrolidines and oxazolidines is reported.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis and Biological Activity of New Bispyridinium Salts of 4,4′‐Bispyridyl‐5, 5′‐Perfluoroalkyl‐2,2′‐bisoxazoles.
Authors: Martin‐Cantalejo Y. , Saez B. , Monterde M. I. , Murillo M. T. , Brana M. F.
Published: March 2012

The compounds (III) are tested for their antiproliferative activity against HT‐29 and their inhibitory activity against choline kinase.
ChemInform Abstract: A Selective Intramolecular 5‐exo‐Dig or 6‐endo‐Dig Cyclization en Route to 2‐Furanone or 2‐Pyrone Containing Tricyclic Scaffolds.
Authors: Bengtsson Christoffer , Almqvist Fredrik
Published: March 2012

In the presence of Pd(OAc)2/dppp, thiazolopyridinones of type (I) bearing a terminal alkyne unit are found to undergo selective 5‐exo‐dig cyclization to afford tricyclic furanones like (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Enantioselective γ‐Amination of α,β‐Unsaturated Acyl Chlorides with Azodicarboxylates: Efficient Synthesis of Chiral γ‐Amino Acid Derivatives.
Authors: Shen Li‐Tao , Sun Li‐Hui , Ye Song
Published: March 2012

The title quinidine‐catalyzed reaction of cyclic or acyclic acyl chlorides affords dihydropyridazinones with high enantioselectivities, which can be converted into γ‐amino amides or acids by reductive ring opening without loss of enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Broensted Acid Promoted Sequential Hydroarylation—Hydroamidation of Arene‐Tethered 1‐(2‐Alkynylphenyl)ureas: Direct Access to 4,4‐Spiro‐3,4‐dihydro‐2‐(1H)‐quinazolinones.
Authors: Wang Honggen , Zhao Jiaji , Zhang Jiancun , Zhu Qiang
Published: March 2012

An intermolecular reaction is also possible which provides 4,4‐disubstituted dihydroquinazolinones like (XII).
ChemInform Abstract: Biomimetic Asymmetric Hydrogenation: In situ Regenerable Hantzsch Esters for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Benzoxazinones.
Authors: Chen Qing‐An , Chen Mu‐Wang , Yu Chang‐Bin , Shi Lei , Wang Duo‐Sheng , Yang Yan , Zhou Yong‐Gui
Published: March 2012

A number of dihydrobenzoxazinones can be prepared in high yields with excellent enantioselectivity.
ChemInform Abstract: Scandium‐Catalyzed Silylation of Aromatic C—H Bonds.
Authors: Oyamada Juzo , Nishiura Masayoshi , Hou Zhaomin
Published: March 2012

Optimized conditions involving scandium complex SAB allow the ortho‐selective silylation of alkoxy‐substituted benzene derivatives.
ChemInform Abstract: Facile Synthesis of β,β′‐Diketophosphine Sulfides from Imines and Lawesson′s Reagent.
Authors: Slimani Hosni , Touil Soufiane
Published: March 2012

The general procedure can be applied to acyclic and cyclic imines to form the synthetically and biologically interesting phosphorus components in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: “Soft Oxometalates” (SOMs): A Very Short Introduction
Authors: Roy Soumyajit
Published: March 2012

Review: 71 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Magnetic Refrigeration: Phase Transitions, Itinerant Magnetism and Spin Fluctuations
Authors: Morrison K. , Lyubina J. , Moore J. D. , Sandeman K. G. , Gutfleisch O. , Cohen L. F. , Caplin A. D.
Published: March 2012

Review: emphasis on intermetallics based on La(Fe,Si)13; 31 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Zeolite‐Based Materials for Novel Catalytic Applications: Opportunities, Perspectives and Open Problems
Authors: Cejka Jiri , Centi Gabriele , Perez‐Pariente Joaquin , Roth Wieslaw J.
Published: March 2012

Review: 213 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Developments in Synthesis and Applications of Triptycene and Pentiptycene Derivatives
Authors: Jiang Yi , Chen Chuan‐Feng
Published: March 2012

Review: 119 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Natural Pyranonaphthoquinones and Related Antibiotic Aza‐Analogues
Authors: Jacobs Jan , Claessens Sven , Huygen Kris , Tehrani Kourosch Abbaspour , De Kimpe Norbert
Published: March 2012

Review: 130 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Natural and Synthetic Acridines/Acridones as Antitumor Agents, Their Biological Activities and Methods of Synthesis
Authors: Cholewinski Grzegorz , Dzierzbicka Krystyna , Kolodziejczyk Aleksander M.
Published: March 2012

Review: 105 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Microwave Assisted Organic Synthesis: An Overview
Authors: Patel Devang , Patel Bhumika
Published: March 2012

Review: 29 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Azacycloalkanes from Epoxides and Aziridines
Authors: Kas'yan L. I. , Pal'chikov V. A. , Bondarenko Ya. S.
Published: March 2012

Review: methods for the preparation of azetidines, pyrrolidines, piperidines from epoxides and aziridines and application of azacycloalkanes in medical and organic chemistry as biologically active substances; 275 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Development of Domino Reactions Based on Skeletal Rearrangement
Authors: Sugimoto Kenji
Published: March 2012

Review: 50 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Oxidative Coupling of Tertiary Amines: Scope, Mechanism and Challenges
Authors: Jones Kevin M. , Klussmann Martin
Published: March 2012

Review: 48 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Unusual Magnetic Properties of Graphene and Related Materials
Authors: Rao C. N. R. , Matte H. S. S. Ramakrishna , Subrahmanyam K. S. , Maitra Urmimala
Published: March 2012

Review: 89 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Recent Progress in the Electrochemical Conversion and Utilization of CO2.
Authors: Spinner Neil S. , Vega Jose A. , Mustain William E.
Published: March 2012

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Ionic Conductance of Synthetic Channels: Analysis, Lessons, and Recommendations
Authors: Chui Jonathan K. W. , Fyles Thomas M.
Published: March 2012

Review: 143 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Optochemical Genetics
Authors: Fehrentz Timm , Schoenberger Matthias , Trauner Dirk
Published: March 2012

Review: about 150 refs.
Temperature Dependence of the Dielectric Permittivity of Acetic Acid, Propionic Acid and Their Methyl Esters: A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study
Authors: Riniker Sereina , Horta Bruno A. C. , Thijssen Bram , Gupta Saumya , van Gunsteren Wilfred F. , Hünenberger Philippe H.
Published: March 2012

For most liquids, the static relative dielectric permittivity is a decreasing function of temperature, because enhanced thermal motion reduces the ability of the molecular dipoles to orient under the effect of an external electric field. Monocarboxylic fatty acids ranging from acetic to octanoic acid represent an exception to this general rule. Close to room temperature, their dielectric permittivity increases slightly with increasing temperature. Herein, the causes for this anomaly are investigated based on molecular dynamics simulations of acetic and propionic acids at different temperatures in the interval 283–363 K, using the GROMOS 53A6OXY force field. The corresponding methyl esters are also considered for comparison. The dielectric permittivity is calculated using either the box‐dipole fluctuation (BDF) or the external electric field (EEF) methods. The normal and anomalous temperature dependences of the permittivity for the esters and acids, respectively, are reproduced. Furthermore, in the EEF approach, the response of the acids to an applied field of increasing strength is found to present two successive linear regimes before reaching saturation. The low‐field permittivity ε, comparable to that obtained using the BDF approach, increases with increasing temperature. The higher‐field permittivity ε′ is slightly larger, and decreases with increasing temperature. Further analyses of the simulations in terms of radial distribution functions, hydrogen‐bonded structures, and diffusion properties suggest that increasing the temperature or the applied field strength both promote a relative population shift from cyclic (mainly dimeric) to extended (chain‐like) hydrogen‐bonded structures. The lower effective dipole moment associated with the former structures compared to the latter ones provides an explanation for the peculiar dielectric properties of the two acids compared to their methyl esters.
DDRP: An efficient data‐driven routing protocol for wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks
Authors: Shi Lei , Zhang Baoxian , Mouftah Hussein T. , Ma Jian
Published: March 2012

Introduction of mobile sinks into a wireless sensor network can largely improve the network performance. However, sink mobility can cause unexpected changes of network topology, which may bring excessive protocol overhead for route maintenance and may offset the benefit from using mobile sinks. In this paper, we propose an efficient data‐driven routing protocol (DDRP) to address this problem. The design objective is to effectively reduce the protocol overhead for data gathering in wireless sensor networks with mobile sinks. DDRP exploits the broadcast feature of wireless medium for route learning. Specifically, each data packet carries an additional option recording the known distance from the sender of the packet to target mobile sink. The overhearing of transmission of such a data packet will gratuitously provide each listener a route to a mobile sink. Continuous such route‐learning among nodes will provide fresh route information to more and more nodes in the network. When no route to mobile sink is known, random walk routing simply is adopted for data packet forwarding. Simulation results show that DDRP can achieve much lower protocol overhead and longer network lifetime as compared with existing work while preserving high packet delivery ratio. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fibrosis-dependent mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis
Authors: Zhang David Y. , Friedman Scott L.
Published: March 2012

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rising worldwide cause of cancer mortality, making the elucidation of its underlying mechanisms an urgent priority. The liver is unique in its response to injury, simultaneously undergoing regeneration and fibrosis. HCC occurs in the context of these two divergent responses, leading to distinctive pathways of carcinogenesis. In this review we highlight pathways of liver tumorigenesis that depend on, or are enhanced by, fibrosis. Activated hepatic stellate cells drive fibrogenesis, changing the composition of the extracellular matrix. Matrix quantity and stiffness also increase, providing a reservoir for bound growth factors. In addition to promoting angiogenesis, these factors may enhance the survival of both preneoplastic hepatocytes and activated hepatic stellate cells. Fibrotic changes also modulate the activity of inflammatory cells in the liver, reducing the activity of natural killer and natural killer T cells that normally contribute to tumor surveillance. These pathways synergize with inflammatory signals, including telomerase reactivation and reactive oxygen species release, ultimately resulting in cancer. Clarifying fibrosis-dependent tumorigenic mechanisms will help rationalize antifibrotic therapies as a strategy to prevent and treat HCC. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Long-term risk of recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding in patients with liver cirrhosis: A 10-year nationwide cohort study
Authors: Hsu Yao-Chun , Lin Jaw-Town , Chen Tzu-Ting , Wu Ming-Shiang , Wu Chun-Ying
Published: March 2012

Peptic ulcer bleeding leads to substantial morbidity and mortality in patients with liver cirrhosis, but their long-term risk of recurrent bleeding remains elusive. This nationwide cohort study aimed to elucidate the association between cirrhosis and recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding by analyzing the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. We enrolled a total of 9,711 patients who had cirrhosis with clinical complications of portal hypertension from all patients (n = 271,030) hospitalized for peptic ulcer bleeding between January 1997 and December 2006, along with 38,844 controls who were matched at a 1:4 proportion for age, sex, and antisecretory agents. We accounted for death as the competing cause of risk when calculating the cumulative incidences and hazard ratios of recurrent bleeding during the 10-year study period. Overall, patients with cirrhosis had a significantly higher death-adjusted rebleeding rate compared with controls (1 year, 14.4% versus 11.3%; 5 years, 26.1% versus 22.5%; 10 years, 28.4% versus 27.1%;

P

< 0.001). The modified Cox proportional hazard model verified that cirrhosis was significantly associated with peptic ulcer rebleeding (adjusted hazard ratio, 3.19; 95% confidence interval, 2.62-3.88), but also uncovered a seemingly paradoxical interaction between cirrhosis and age. Multivariate stratified analysis further revealed that the rebleeding risk after adjustment for death diminished with age in patients with cirrhosis, whose risk of death far exceeded that of rebleeding when they grew old.

Conclusion

: Liver cirrhosis is associated with long-term risk of recurrent peptic ulcer bleeding, although the risk declines with age because of death being the competing cause. Effective therapy should be sought to reduce this excessive risk in these critically ill patients, particularly for those at younger age with longer life expectancy. (HEPATOLOGY 2012)
Influence of the inlet load, EBRT and mineral medium addition on spore emission by Fusarium solani in the fungal biofiltration of hydrophobic VOCs
Authors: Vergara‐Fernández Alberto , Hernández Sergio , Muñoz Raúl , Revah Sergio
Published: March 2012

BACKGROUND: The effect of the inlet n‐pentane load (IL), empty bed residence time (EBRT) and mineral medium (MM) addition on spore emission and elimination capacity (EC) was evaluated using the fungus Fusarium solani in a vermiculite‐based biofilter.

RESULTS: When the process was operated at an EBRT of 3.7 min and an IL of 100 g m$_{\rm {reactor}}^{-3}$ h−1, the weekly addition of MM from 6.8 to 13.6 mLMM L$_{\rm {vermiculite}}^{-1}$ resulted in fluctuacting dynamics of ECs and spore emission.

When varying the n‐pentane IL from 25 to 875 g m$_{\rm {reactor}}^{-3}$ h−1, a maximum EC of 110 g m$_{\rm {reactor}}^{-3}$ h−1 associated with a spore emission of 1.8 × 104 CFU m$_{\rm {air}}^{-3}$ was recorded. The critical inlet load for 90% n‐pentane removal was 50 g m$_{\rm {reactor}}^{-3}$ h−1 with spore emission 4.5 × 103 CFU m$_{\rm {air}}^{-3}$. Finally, when the EBRT was decreased from 3.7 to 2.1 min at a constant n‐pentane IL of 50 g m$_{\rm {reactor}}^{-3}$ h−1 the EC decreased by 110%.

CONCLUSIONS: The results show a poor performance of the n‐pentane biofiltration system at high IL and low EBRT, which was further confirmed by the low final biomass concentrations in the biofilter (62 mgbiomass g$_{\rm {vermiculite}}^{-1}$). Copyright © 2012 Society of Chemical Industry
Quantification of pulmonary microcirculation by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging: Comparison of four regularization methods
Authors: Salehi Ravesh M. , Brix G. , Laun F. B. , Kuder T. A. , Puderbach M. , Ley‐Zaporozhan J. , Ley S. , Fieselmann A. , Herrmann M. F. , Schranz W. , Semmler W. , Risse F.
Published: March 2012

Tissue microcirculation can be quantified by a deconvolution analysis of concentration–time curves measured by dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging. However, deconvolution is an ill‐posed problem, which requires regularization of the solutions. In this work, four algebraic deconvolution/regularization methods were evaluated: truncated singular value decomposition and generalized Tikhonov regularization (GTR) in combination with the L‐curve criterion, a modified LCC (GTR‐MLCC), and a response function model that takes a‐priori knowledge into account. To this end, dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging data sets were simulated by an established physiologically reference model for different signal‐to‐noise ratios and measured on a 1.5‐T system in the lung of 10 healthy volunteers and 20 patients. Analysis of both the simulated and measured dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging datasets revealed that GTR in combination with the L‐curve criterion does not yield reliable and clinically useful results. The three other deconvolution/regularization algorithms resulted in almost identical microcirculatory parameter estimates for signal‐to‐noise ratios > 10. At low signal‐to‐noise ratios levels (<10) typically occurring in pathological lung regions, GTR in combination with a modified L‐curve criterion approximates the true response function much more accurately than truncated singular value decomposition and GTR in combination with response function model with a difference in accuracy of up to 76%. In conclusion, GTR in combination with a modified L‐curve criterion is recommended for the deconvolution of dynamic contrast‐enhanced magnetic resonance imaging curves measured in the lung parenchyma of patients with highly heterogeneous signal‐to‐noise ratios. Magn Reson Med, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Glucose metabolism via the pentose phosphate pathway, glycolysis and Krebs cycle in an orthotopic mouse model of human brain tumors
Authors: Marin‐Valencia Isaac , Cho Steve K. , Rakheja Dinesh , Hatanpaa Kimmo J. , Kapur Payal , Mashimo Tomoyuki , Jindal Ashish , Vemireddy Vamsidhara , Good Levi B. , Raisanen Jack , Sun Xiankai , Mickey Bruce , Choi Changho , Takahashi Masaya , Togao Osamu , Pascual Juan M. , DeBerardinis Ralph J. , Maher Elizabeth A. , Malloy Craig R. , Bachoo Robert M.
Published: March 2012

It has been hypothesized that increased flux through the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is required to support the metabolic demands of rapid malignant cell growth. Using orthotopic mouse models of human glioblastoma (GBM) and renal cell carcinoma metastatic to brain, we estimated the activity of the PPP relative to glycolysis by infusing [1,2‐13C2]glucose. The [3‐13C]lactate/[2,3‐13C2]lactate ratio was similar for both the GBM and brain metastasis and their respective surrounding brains (GBM, 0.197 ± 0.011 and 0.195 ± 0.033, respectively (p = 1); metastasis: 0.126 and 0.119 ± 0.033, respectively). This suggests that the rate of glycolysis is significantly greater than the PPP flux in these tumors, and that the PPP flux into the lactate pool is similar in both tumors. Remarkably, 13C–13C coupling was observed in molecules derived from Krebs cycle intermediates in both tumor types, denoting glucose oxidation. In the renal cell carcinoma, in contrast with GBM, 13C multiplets of γ‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) differed from its precursor glutamate, suggesting that GABA did not derive from a common glutamate precursor pool. In addition, the orthotopic renal tumor, the patient's primary renal mass and brain metastasis were all strongly immunopositive for the 67‐kDa isoform of glutamate decarboxylase, as were 84% of tumors on a renal cell carcinoma tissue microarray of the same histology, suggesting that GABA synthesis is cell autonomous in at least a subset of renal cell carcinomas. Taken together, these data demonstrate that 13C‐labeled glucose can be used in orthotopic mouse models to study tumor metabolism in vivo and to ascertain new metabolic targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Probiotika bei Reizdarmsyndrom
Authors: Krammer Heiner , Bluhm Markus
Published: March 2012

Das Reizdarmsyndrom (RDS) zählt zu den häufigsten gastroenterologischen Krankheitsbildern mit einer Prävalenz in Deutschland von ca. 12,5 %. Charakterisiert wird das RDS durch abdominelle Schmerzen, Meteorismus, Flatulenz, sowie eine veränderte Stuhlfrequenz und Stuhlkonsistenz.
A case study of a large patch of billows surmounted by elevated convection
Authors: Browning K. A. , Marsham J. H. , White B. A. , Nicol J. C.
Published: March 2012

A region of large‐amplitude Kelvin‐Helmholtz billows, of area 2000 km2, was observed in a region of moderate rain at the rear of a mesoscale convective system on a day during the Convective Storm Initiation Project in southern England. The mesoscale convective system (MCS) was characterized by elevated convection above a layer of cool air, separated by a sloping statically stable layer characterized by strong wind shear. Doppler radar observations showed that the large patch of billows was situated within this shear layer and that it persisted over the 2 h period of observation, maintaining its position with respect to the MCS and producing surface pressure perturbations of ±0.3 hPa. Potentially unstable air above the sloping shear layer reached its level of free convection while ascending above this layer. The resulting elevated convection was in the form of cells whose spacing appeared to be influenced by the underlying billows. Results from large‐eddy model simulations are shown to support the hypothesis that, although the large‐scale ascent alone would have triggered the elevated convection, the billows exerted a secondary forcing effect on the convection. Copyright © 2012 Royal Meteorological Society
A novel chemical ionization reagent ion for organic analytes: the aquachloromanganese(II) cation [ClMn(H2O)+]
Authors: Gqamana Putuma P. , Duan Penggao , Fu Mingkun , Gallardo Vanessa , Kenttämaa Hilkka I.
Published: March 2012

The reactivity of ClMn(H2O)+ towards small organic compounds (L) was examined in a Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT‐ICR) mass spectrometer. The organic compounds studied are aliphatic and aromatic alcohols, aliphatic amines, ketones, an epoxide, an ether, a thiol and a phosphine. All the reactions lead to the formation of the ClMn(H2O)(L)+ complex, which dissociates by loss of the H2O molecule. In general, the reactions were found to occur with high efficiencies (>85%), indicating them to be exothermic. Electron transfer was also observed between ClMn(H2O)+ and compounds with low ionization energies (IE), to form the molecular ion (L+•) of the analyte. Based on these observations, the IE of ClMn(H2O)+ is approximated to be 8.1 ± 0.1 eV. Thus, the utility of ClMn(H2O)+ as a chemical ionization reagent in mass spectrometry is expected to be limited to organic compounds with IEs greater than 8 eV. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Modeling dynamic cluster SIMS experiments
Authors: Garrison Barbara J. , Schiffer Zachary J. , Kennedy Paul E. , Postawa Zbigniew
Published: March 2012

The underpinnings of two SIMS experimental findings are elucidated using the power of molecular dynamics to provide insight at the molecular level. First, the improvement of depth resolution for C60 bombardment of Irganox delta layers and polymer layers using sample rotation is explained by molecular dynamics simulations of the repetitive bombardment of Ag surfaces with 20 keV Au3, C60, and Ar872 at grazing angles of incidence with both single azimuthal angle and random azimuthal angles. Single azimuthal angle simulations at grazing angles show the formation of trenches and valleys parallel to the cluster beam form and are elongated with increasing incident angle. Cluster bombardment simulations with random azimuthal angles mimic sample rotation and show that under grazing angles of incidence, the surface is smoother because of the random impact angles preventing trench and valley formation. Second, depth profiles using C60 at a 70° angle of incidence have been improved by co‐bombardment with low energy Ar ions emitted at 33° from the C60 beam and at a 45° incident angle from the surface. Molecular dynamics simulations of the bombardment of solid benzene with low energy Ar and 15 keV C60 were used to show the depth of damage created during bombardment. For low kinetic energy (<200 eV), the damage caused by the Ar atom is in the same region as for the C60 cluster. It is believed that for the experimental conditions used during co‐bombardment, the Ar beam is breaking up the ridges created by the grazing C60 beam. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Traumatic Aortic Injuries Associated with Major Visceral Vascular Injuries in Major Blunt Trauma Patients
Authors: Mosquera Victor X. , Marini Milagros , Cao Ignacio , Gulías Daniel , Muñiz Javier , Herrera‐Noreña José M. , Cuenca José J.
Published: March 2012

Background

The objectives of this study were to report the clinical and radiological characteristics and outcomes of a series of acute traumatic aortic injuries (ATAIs) with associated injury to major aortic abdominal visceral branches (MAAVBs).

Methods

From January 2000 to August 2011, 10 consecutive major blunt trauma patients with associated ATAI and injury to MAAVBs (group A) and 42 major blunt trauma patients presenting only an ATAI without MAAVB injuries (group B) were admitted to our institution.

Results

Overall in‐hospital mortality was 32.7%. In‐hospital mortality in group A was 40% and in group B it was 31% (p = 0.86). Observed in‐hospital mortality was slightly lower than the expected in‐hospital mortality in both groups. Mean peak creatine phosphokinase was significantly higher in group A than in group B patients (23,008 ± 33,400 vs. 3,970 ± 3,495 IU/L; p < 0.001). Acute renal injury occurred in 50% of group A and in 26.2% of group B patients. Hemodiafiltration was required in 30% of group A and in 9.5% of group B patients. Median follow‐up time was 64 months (range = 1–130 months). Group A survival was 60% at 1, 5 and 10 years. Group B survival was 69% at 1 year and 63.3% at 5 and 10 years (p = 0.15).

Conclusions

Aortic injuries associated with MAAVB injuries in major trauma patients seem to present in a different clinical scenario. These patients present increased risk of rhabdomyolysis, visceral ischemia, and acute renal failure, as well as higher in‐hospital mortality. A multidisciplinary approach combining endovascular and open surgical techniques for a staged treatment of these life‐threatening aortic and MAAVB injuries is mandatory in this critical subset of trauma patients.
Biotech 101: An Educational Outreach Program in Genetics and Biotechnology
Authors: East Kelly M. , Hott Adam M. , Callanan Nancy P. , Lamb Neil E.
Published: March 2012

Recent advances in research and biotechnology are making genetics and genomics increasingly relevant to the lives and health of the general public. For the public to make informed healthcare and public policy decisions relating to genetic information, there is a need for increased genetic literacy. Biotech 101 is a free, short‐course for the local community introducing participants to topics in genetics, genomics, and biotechnology, created at the HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology. This study evaluated the effectiveness of Biotech 101 in increasing the genetic literacy of program participants through pre‐and‐post surveys. Genetic literacy was measured through increases in self‐perceived knowledge for each content area covered through the course and the self‐reported impact the course had on various aspects of participants’ lives. Three hundred ninety‐two individuals attended Biotech 101 during the first three course offerings. Participants reported a significant increase in self‐perceived knowledge for each content area (p < 0.01). Participants also reported the program had high levels of impact on their lives and decision‐making, a high likelihood for continued self‐learning, and overwhelming satisfaction with course content and logistics. Biotech 101 is an effective mechanism for impacting participants’ lives and genetic literacy and serves as a model for other similar programs, adding to the currently limited evidence base regarding public educational strategies in genetics and biotechnology.
Is water-based exercise training sufficient to improve physical fitness in the elderly?
Authors: Bergamin Marco , Zanuso Silvano , Alvar Brent A. , Ermolao Andrea , Zaccaria Marco
Published: March 2012

The research on the effects of aquatic exercise is a field that has grown rapidly in the last decade. The majority of the available literature is focused on the benefits of water-based exercise programs for people with rheumatologic disease and back pain; however, there is a lack of evidence reporting the effects of exercise performed in an aquatic medium for healthy elderly adults. The purpose of this study was to critically review the existing evidence of a potential relationship between water-based exercise and improvement of physical fitness in healthy elderly subjects. A systematic database search for manuscripts and a quality control were performed. A system of rating was defined. Aerobic, muscular strength, flexibility and body composition outcomes were then extracted. Nine studies were analyzed after the screening for eligibility: five randomized controlled trials (RCT), three randomized uncontrolled trials (UT) and one controlled trial (CT). Four RCT and two randomized UT were classified as high quality studies. One RCT, one randomized UT and one CT were considered low quality studies. Strong evidence supports the use of water-based exercise for the improvement of aerobic capacity and strength. Moderate evidence highlights the benefits on flexibility, and inconclusive evidence was found supporting the modification of body composition.
In vivo digestion of infant formula in piglets: protein digestion kinetics and release of bioactive peptides
Authors: Bouzerzour Karima , Morgan François , Cuinet Isabelle , Bonhomme Cécile , Jardin Julien , Le Huërou-Luron Isabelle , Dupont Didier
Published: March 2012

The first months of life correspond to a key period in human life where dramatic physiological changes (establishment of microbiota, development of the immune system, etc.) occur. In order to better control these changes it is necessary to understand the behaviour of food in the gastrointestinal tract of the newborn. Infant formula is the only food for the newborn when breast-feeding is impossible. The kinetics of digestion of milk proteins and the nature of the peptides liberated in the small intestine throughout infant formula digestion have never been extensively investigated so far and were therefore studied using the piglet as a model of the newborn child. Piglets were fed infant formula by an automatic delivery system during 28 d, and slaughtered 30, 90 and 210 min after the last meal. Contents of stomach, proximal and median jejunum and ileum were collected and characterised. The extent of β-lactoglobulin (β-lg), α-lactalbumin (α-la) and casein proteolysis was monitored by inhibition ELISA, SDS-PAGE, immunoblotting and MS. At 30 min after the last meal, caseins were shown to be extensively hydrolysed in the stomach. Nevertheless, peptides originating mainly from β-caseins (from 509 to 2510 Da) were identified in the jejunum and ileum of the piglets. β-Lg partially resisted gastric digestion but completely disappeared in the stomach after 210 min. α-La had a similar behaviour to that of β-lg. Two large peptides (4276 and 2674 Da) generated from β-lg were present in the ileum after 30 and 210 min and only one (2674 Da) after 90 min.
Reading the Market: Abstraction, Personification and the Financial Column of Town Topics Magazine
Authors: KNIGHT PETER
Published: March 2012

This article examines the role of the market report as a performative technology that does not merely reflect the emerging world of financial capitalism in late nineteenth-century America but actively shapes it. It takes as its case study the financial pages of Town Topics, the preeminent society gossip magazine in the 1880s and 1890s. Although at first sight the financial section seems far removed from the salacious gossip that the main section of the magazine traded in, there are close connections between the two. An analysis of the rhetoric of the financial pages of Town Topics uncovers a mixture of abstraction and personification in their depictions of market activity. In the same way that the society gossip column in effect created the very possibility of “society” as both exclusive and public property, the genre of the financial page helped create the idea of “the market” as both a human-scale drama and an abstraction that was beyond the control of any individual, or even government.
Management of intractable epistaxis: endoscopy or nasal packing?
Authors: Liu Y , Zheng C , Wei W , Liu Q
Published: March 2012

Objectives:

To investigate common origins of intractable epistaxis, and the efficacy of endoscopic management.

Methods:

Retrospective study of 265 patients with uncontrolled idiopathic epistaxis presenting between July 2008 and July 2009. Patients underwent endoscopic examination and subsequent radiofrequency electrocautery, selective packing or observation.

Results:

Nasal endoscopy indicated that the commonest bleeding sources were the superior nasal septum at the olfactory cleft (39.2 per cent), the inferior meatus (27.5 per cent), the sphenoethmoid recess (6.0 per cent), the middle meatus (5.3 per cent) and other locations (3.4 per cent). Bleeding was successfully controlled with nasal endoscopy plus radiofrequency electrocautery or selective packing. In 49 (18.5 per cent) patients, no abnormality was identified; these patients received observation only, and no further bleeding occurred. None of the patients had serious complications or recurrent epistaxis during the three-month follow-up period.

Conclusion:

Thorough endoscopic examination combined with radiofrequency electrocautery should be used as first-line therapy for intractable epistaxis.
The Near Threatened Eurasian otter Lutra lutra in Morocco: no sign of recovery
Authors: Delibes Miguel , Calzada Javier , Clavero Miguel , Fernández Néstor , Gutiérrez-Expósito Carlos , Revilla Eloy , Román Jacinto
Published: March 2012

Although the Near Threatened Eurasian otter Lutra lutra has been recovering in Europe since the 1980s nothing is known about population trends of the species in northern Africa. Ninety sites was searched for signs of otters in northern and western Morocco in 1983 and we repeated this survey in 2011. At each site we searched for otter spraints (faeces) or clear footprints along a maximum of 600 m of river bank, ending the search when the first sign was found. Overall results were strikingly similar in 1983 and 2011, with 36 positive sites and the same general distribution pattern of the species. Healthy otter populations appear to remain in the foothills of the Middle and High Atlas but the trend of populations disappearing from the relatively flat Atlantic slope has increased. The results are in clear contrast with the recovery of otter populations in Europe, probably because of differences in the implementation of environmental policies, especially regarding water pollution.
Tasman leakage in a fine‐resolution ocean model
Authors: van Sebille Erik , England Matthew H. , Zika Jan D. , Sloyan Bernadette M.
Published: March 2012

Tasman leakage, the westward flow of thermocline waters south of Australia from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean, is one of the lesser‐studied of the inter‐ocean exchanges. Here, some of the properties of the Tasman leakage are inferred from Lagrangian particles integrated using the three‐dimensional velocity fields of the 1/10 degree resolution OFES model. The mean Tasman leakage in this model is 4.2 Sv, with a standard deviation of 4.3 Sv. The heat flux associated with this leakage lies in the range 0.08–0.18 PW. There is large variability in the Tasman leakage on both sub‐weekly and inter‐annual scales, but no trend over the 1983–1997 period. Despite the large weekly variability, with peaks of more than 20 Sv, it appears that less than half of the Tasman leakage is carried within eddies.
Kelvin‐Helmholtz stability of reconnection exhausts in the solar wind
Authors: Sasunov Y. L. , Semenov V. S. , Heyn M. F. , Kubyshkin I. V. , Biernat H. K.
Published: March 2012

Three solar wind reconnection exhaust events observed by the Wind satellite are compared to the analytical solution of the Riemannian decay of a current sheet due to reconnection of skewed magnetic fields. This process leads to high speed flows inside an exhaust region which is bounded not only by Alfvénic and slow mode waves but also, to a large extent, by tangential discontinuities (TDs). The TD portions of the exhaust boundary expand with distance from the X‐line and therefore a long exhaust does not necessarily imply a long X‐line. In some cases, portions of the exhaust show oscillations which might be connected to a Kelvin‐Helmholtz instability in agreement with analytical estimates.
Temperature dependence of magnetoelastic properties of Fe100−xSix (5 < x < 20)
Authors: Petculescu G. , Lambert P. K. , Clark A. E. , Hathaway K. B. , Xing Q. , Lograsso T. A. , Restorff J. B. , Wun-Fogle M.
Published: March 2012

Tetragonal magnetostriction (λγ,2) and elastic constants (c′, c44, and c11) for Fe100−xSix were measured as a function of temperature (T). Compositions corresponding to the disordered A2 (x = 5), ordered D03 (x = 19.8), and mixed (x = 11.6) phases, were investigated. The magnetoelastic coupling (−b1) was determined for 77 < T < 300 K and compared with those of Fe-Ga, Fe-Ge, and Fe-Al. Both λγ,2(T) and −b1(T) of Fe-Si behave similarly to those of Fe-Ge, while other notable differences exist between the measured properties of Fe-Si and those of the other three alloys. Due to the early establishment of short range order, Fe-Si exhibits a positive, although small, slope in λγ,2(T) at 5 at. % Si, and a remarkable drop in −b1 before the solubility limit. The weaker softening of the tetragonal shear modulus with the addition of Si and the lack of strong anharmonic effects in the Fe-Si lattice inferred from the weak T-dependence of all the moduli suggest that Fe-Si exhibits more structural stability than the other three alloys. The distinctive behavior is likely due to the smaller size of Si compared to the sizes of Ga, Ge and Al, and therefore to the effect of the larger size difference between Fe and Si in the Fe-Si lattice.
Wideband microwave signal to trigger fast switching processes in magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Carpentieri M. , Ricci M. , Burrascano P. , Torres L. , Finocchio G.
Published: March 2012

A different method to supply magnetic random access memories (MRAM) cells based on spin-transfer torque resonant switching is presented based on a micromagnetic study. Microwave excitation can significantly reduce the current density needed to obtain the switching for making the writing current compatible with CMOS technology. Nevertheless the practical application of this strategy to the write/read process of MRAM cells matrix is hampered by the variation of the physical and geometric parameters that leads to a spreading of the resonance frequency. Here, we propose a robust method that contextually allows resonant switching and decreases the power dissipation.
Non-thermal excitation and control of magnetization in Fe/GaAs film by ultrafast laser pulses
Authors: Gong Y. , Kutayiah A. R , Zhang X. H. , Zhao J. H. , Ren Y. H.
Published: March 2012

We present our recent study of non-thermal excitation and coherent control of spin reorientation in 10-nm epitaxially grown Fe thin films by low-energy femtosecond laser pulses. The magnetization dynamics and hysteresis curves were recorded by pump-probe differential magnetic Kerr (DMK) spectroscopy using linearly polarized laser beams. A sharp switching in DMK signal is observed when we rotated the pump polarization. This result indicates a non-thermal origin of magnetization excitation and reorientation in Fe films. We reveal that spins can interact coherently with the polarization induced by the pulsed laser field in magnetic metals. Such opto-magnetic interactions are instantaneous and are only limited in time by the properties of laser pulses. Our results suggest the feasibility of ultrafast optical control of both the magnetization and the demagnetization responses in magnetic films.
Dynamic hyperpolarizability calculations of large systems: The linear-scaling divide-and-conquer approach
Authors: Kobayashi Masato , Touma Tsuguki , Nakai Hiromi
Published: March 2012

We report a linear-scaling computation method for evaluating the dynamic first hyperpolarizability β based on the divide-and-conquer (DC) method. In the present scheme, we utilized the quasi-density-matrix expression derived from Wigner's (2n + 1) rule for β, where the quasi-density matrices are constructed from the solution obtained via the DC time-dependent self-consistent field (TD-SCF) method [T. Touma, M. Kobayashi, and H. Nakai, Chem. Phys. Lett. 485, 247 (2010)10.1016/j.cplett.2009.12.043]. Numerical evaluation of π-conjugated and saturated organic chain systems verified that the present scheme considerably reduces the computational time for the β evaluation with a slight loss of accuracy, even around the singular frequency appearing at the electronic excitation energy. This evaluation indicates that the present linear-scaling TD-SCF scheme can also be used to estimate the molecular excitation energy. Furthermore, we succeeded in accurately evaluating the macroscopic second-harmonic generation coefficient of the polyvinylidene fluoride from the molecular (hyper)polarizabilities.
Power spectrum and Allan variance methods for calibrating single-molecule video-tracking instruments
Authors: Lansdorp Bob M. , Saleh Omar A.
Published: March 2012

Single-molecule manipulation instruments, such as optical traps and magnetic tweezers, frequently use video tracking to measure the position of a force-generating probe. The instruments are calibrated by comparing the measured probe motion to a model of Brownian motion in a harmonic potential well; the results of calibration are estimates of the probe drag, α, and spring constant, κ. Here, we present both time- and frequency-domain methods to accurately and precisely extract α and κ from the probe trajectory. In the frequency domain, we discuss methods to estimate the power spectral density (PSD) from data (including windowing and blocking), and we derive an analytical formula for the PSD which accounts both for aliasing and the filtering intrinsic to video tracking. In the time domain, we focus on the Allan variance (AV): we present a theoretical equation for the AV relevant to typical single-molecule setups and discuss the optimal manner for computing the AV from experimental data using octave-sampled overlapping bins. We show that, when using maximum-likelihood methods to fit to the data, both the PSD and AV approaches can extract α and κ in an unbiased and low-error manner, though the AV approach is simpler and more robust.
Asymptotic solutions for shocked resonant acoustic oscillations between concentric spheres and coaxial cylinders
Authors: Seymour Brian R. , Mortell Michael P. , Amundsen David E.
Published: March 2012

For resonant oscillations of a gas in a straight tube with a closed end, shocks form and all harmonics are generated, see Chester [“Resonant oscillations in a closed tube,” J. Fluid Mech. 18, 44 (1964)]10.1017/S0022112064000040. When the gas is confined between two concentric spheres or coaxial cylinders, the radially symmetric resonant oscillations may be continuous or shocked. For a fixed small Mach number of the input, the flow is continuous for sufficiently small L, defined as the ratio of the inner radius to the difference of the radii, see Seymour et al. [“Resonant oscillations of an inhomogeneous gas between concentric spheres,” Proc. R. Soc. London, Ser. A 467, 2149 (2011)]10.1098/rspa.2010.0576. However, shocks appear in the resonant flow for either larger values of L or larger input Mach number. A nonlinear geometric acoustics approximation is used to analyse the shocked motion of the gas when L ≫ 1. This approximation and the exact numerical solution are compared for the shocked wave profiles and shock strengths, and the approximation is valid for surprisingly small values of L. The flow in the plane wave case for a straight tube is recovered in the limit L → ∞ for both the spherical and cylindrical cases, providing a check on the results. The shocked solutions given here complement those continuous solutions previously derived from a dominant first mode approximation.
The coexistence of two-dimensional electron and hole gases in GaN-based heterostructures
Authors: Al Mustafa N. , Granzner R. , Polyakov V. M. , Racko J. , Mikolášek M. , Breza J. , Schwierz F.
Published: March 2012

The formation of two-dimensional carrier gases in gated GaN/AlGaN/GaN heterostructures is investigated theoretically. It is shown that under certain conditions a two-dimensional hole gas at the upper GaN/AlGaN interface can be formed in addition to the two-dimensional electron gas at the lower AlGaN/GaN interface. For the calculations, a Schrödinger-Poisson solver and a simple analytical model developed in the present work are used. Conditions for the formation of a two-dimensional hole gas are elaborated. It is shown that once a two-dimensional hole gas is created, it shields the coexisting two-dimensional electron gas which will result in a diminishing effect of the gate voltage on the two-dimensional electron gas.
Experimental study and theoretical prediction of dielectric permittivity in BaTiO3/polyimide nanocomposite films
Authors: Fan Ben-Hui , Zha Jun-Wei , Wang Dong-Rui , Zhao Jun , Dang Zhi-Min
Published: March 2012

Theoretical models were used to predict dielectric permittivities of the thermosetting polyimide (PI) matrix nanocomposite films loading with BaTiO3 (BT) nanoparticles prepared by the alkoxide route. The observed dielectric permittivities are in good agreement with calculated values using Jayasundere equation and effective medium theory when the interactions of nanoparticle-nanoparticle and nanoparticle-polymer are considered. Additionally, temperature dependence of dielectric permittivity of the BT/PI nanocomposite films at 103 Hz was also studied for both heating from −50 to 150 °C and cooling from 150 to −50 °C. The transformation in crystal phase of BT and changes of free volume in PI were considered to be the main factors influencing the dielectric permittivities of the BT/PI nanocomposite films.
Fe diffusion in amorphous Si studied using x-ray standing wave technique
Authors: Rajput Parasmani , Gupta Ajay , Rajagopalan S. , Tyagi A. K.
Published: March 2012

Diffusion of Fe impurity in amorphous Si at the intermediate concentration range of 25 at.% Fe has been studied. A combination of x-ray standing wave technique and secondary ion mass spectrometry provides unambiguous determination of the concentration profiles of the constituent species with sub-nanometer depth resolution. X-ray standing waves are generated using total external reflection from an underlying W layer. It is found that up to 573 K, Fe diffusivity is less than 10−23m2/s. This is in stark contrast to isolated Fe impurity diffusion in Si or to the interdiffusion at Fe/Si interface, which are orders of magnitude higher. An interesting phenomenon is observed, when a Pt buffer layer is used instead of W for generating standing waves: With thermal annealing, as the Pt atoms move into Si layer and cross the marker layer containing Fe atoms, Fe atoms also move along. This results in an upwards shift of the concentration profile of Fe.