bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
17‐3: Low‐Power High‐Definition Wireless Near‐Eye Displays Based on Prism Optics
Authors: Pillans Luke , Porter James
Published: May 2019

Intevac's latest technology developments in the field of free‐form prism based near‐eye display are presented. The optical design process and system level considerations are discussed in the context of Intevac's recently launched WX40 wireless helmet‐mounted near‐eye display. This display delivers full HD resolution at exceptionally low latency across an ultra‐wideband link, providing untethered viewing over a range of several meters. This is achieved in a ruggedized, compact, low power package with full environmental sealing for operation in military and industrial environments.
18‐3: A New Approach for Fabricating High‐Performance MicroLED Displays
Authors: Templier F. , Bernard J.
Published: May 2019

We explain why the electrical driving of MicroLED displays is a very serious challenge and that CMOS technology may be necessary. We propose a new approach where elementary units consisting of all‐in‐one‐ RBG MicroLEDs on CMOS driving circuit are fabricated and transferred on simple receiving substrates. It will improve display driving and provide a drastic reduction of transfer steps. This approach is paving the way to ultra‐high quality microLED displays, and could also leverage a wide range of new applications together with new industrial models.
18‐4: MicroLED Displays based on Transfer with Microtubes Interconnections
Authors: Bernard Jeannet , Haas Helge , Caplet Stéphane , Bedoin Alexis , Tournaire Myriam , Peray Patrick
Published: May 2019

We have fabricated blue and green microLED display prototypes. The microLEDs have been transferred using microtube technology. The interest of microtube for large area microLED displays has been demonstrated by providing both mechanical and electrical connection. Overall, this technology brings a lot of advantages compared to existing solutions.
23‐4: Channel‐Dimension‐Scalable Oxide Thin‐Film Transistor for High‐Resolution Pixel and Integrated Gate Driver
Authors: Hayashi Hiroshi , Yamada Tatsuya , Koshiishi Ryo , Miura Masanori , Terai Yasuhiro , Oshima Yoshihiro , Saitoh Tohru , Hiromasu Yasunobu , Arai Toshiaki
Published: May 2019

We developed channel‐dimension‐scalable oxide TFT technology. To provide scalability, AlO sputtered self‐aligned source/drain, shield metal and AlO passivation structures were introduced. High reliability achieved by trap reduction using an undercoat offered display lifetimes of >10 years and gate driver integration. A 352‐ppi printed organic‐light‐emitting diode display demonstrated the technology's practicality.
24‐2: Latency Compensation for Optical See‐Through Head‐Mounted with Scanned Display
Authors: Aga Hiroyuki , Ishihara Atsushi , Kawasaki Koichi , Nishibe Mitsuru , Kohara Shunitsu , Ohara Takuzo , Fukuchi Masaki
Published: May 2019

We would like to present to you design and implementation of latency compensation techniques for optical see‐through head‐mounted with scanned displays for realization of augmented reality. When the rolling motion of a user's head is simulated, 3D virtual objects result in a maximum registration error of 0.074 degrees on the roll axis.
26‐3: Highly Efficient Boron Acceptor Based Blue Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescent Emitter
Authors: Maeng Jee Hyun , Ahn Dae Hyun , Lee Hyuna , Lee Ju Young , Kwon Jang Hyuk
Published: May 2019

We report two TADF dopants, KHU‐TD01 and KHU‐TD02, combined boron acceptor with our two donor moieties. Fabricated KHU‐TD01 and KHU‐TD02 devices show very high EQE of 37.4 % with CIE (0.16, 0.34) and 12.5% EQE with very good deep blue color coordinates of (0.15, 0.08).
36‐2: Magnetically Written Electrophoretic Display
Authors: McCreary Michael D. , Paolini Richard J. , Telfer Stephen J.
Published: May 2019

A flexible, reflective, magneto‐electrophoretic e‐paper display technology (MEP) has been developed and demonstrated that can be written and drawn on using a variety of magnetic styli with similar form factors to those of pencils, pens, and wide‐tipped markers. Because this is direct writing of the stylus onto the electronic ink layer, no TFT backplane or touch panel is needed, resulting in significantly reduced costs and minimal writing lag. The visual effect is much like that of white chalk on a blackboard. Contrast ratios in excess of 10:1 have been achieved along with full bistability. Successful coating of these special electrophoretic films has been demonstrated on a roll‐to‐roll manufacturing line.
36‐4: Full Color Active Matrix Video E‐Paper
Authors: Henzen Alex , Zhou Guofu , Guo Yuanyuan , Dou Yingying , Jiang Hongwei , Yang Guisong , Tang Biao
Published: May 2019

E‐paper technology has evolved slowly since the introduction of monochrome electrophoretic displays, particularly in the field of color reproduction and video frame rate. We have now built a multilayer (cyan, magenta, yellow) electrowetting display, providing acceptable resolution for a 6”, 262k color reflective video e‐paper display.
43‐1: Invited Paper: Flexible Nano‐Phase‐Separated LCDs for Future Sheet‐Type Display Applications
Authors: Ishinabe Takahiro , Takahashi Shogo , Kosaka Natsuki , Honda Shuichi , Shibata Yosei , Fujikake Hideo
Published: May 2019

We have developed the flexible LCDs with small radius of curvature by using nano‐phase‐separated LC for sheet‐type display applications. By controlling the viscoelasticity of LC materials, we successfully improved the bonding strength of two plastic substrates and suppressed the flow of LCs during the bending process.
43‐3: 14 Inch Flexible LCD Panel with Colorless Polyimide
Authors: Shi Yu , Li Zhuhui , Wang Kaijun , Yuan Chunge , Xie Huafei , Lu Macai , Liu Nian , Huang Qiao , Zhang Li , Fan Jack , Zhao Xianping , Jing Xiaohong , Zhang LeLong , Liu Minggang , Cui Kuan , Zhang Pangling , Liang Yuheng , Yu Chengzhong , Chen Shujhih , Lee Chia-Yu
Published: May 2019

We successfully realized 14 inch flexible LCD display with FHD resolution. The LCD panel has the thickness less than 0.3 mm, which using new type of colorless PI as substrate. The flexibel LCD is IPS mode. The key technology includes the conbination of indium gallium zinc oxide (IGZO) TFT, Color filter on Array substrate(COA)and Black Photo Spacer(BPS).
46‐1: Invited Paper: High Impact Resistance Out‐Fold Touch AMOLED Display Module
Authors: Chen Glory , Chang Kai-Ming , Chen Kuan-Ting , Chen Heng-Yin , Lee Chien-Ju , Ho Jia-Chong , Chen Jang-Lin , Lee Cheng-Chung
Published: May 2019

Out‐fold AMOLED display is requested higher panel hardness and impact resistance than in‐fold AMOLED display. The high mechanical strength technology was integrated in 7.1 inch foldable AMOLED display module. A 3mm bending radius out‐fold touch AMOLED prototype with hardness 7H plastic window is demonstrated. This prototype can pass the ball drop impact test of 135g weight from a height of 35cm.
46‐3: Distinguished Paper: 5.5‐inch Full HD Foldable AMOLED Display Based on Neutral‐Plane Splitting Concept
Authors: Nishimura Masumi , Takebayashi Kisako , Hishinuma Masatomo , Yamaguchi Hajime , Murayama Akio
Published: May 2019

Splitting of neutral plane is a promising concept for foldable displays because of reducing folding stress in each layer composing them. We verified the concept experimentally and developed a 5.5‐inch full HD foldable AMOLED display, which endured 150k inward folding cycles with a radius of 3 mm.
50‐1: Flicker from Electronic Displays ‐ Reconsidering the Confusion
Authors: Becker Michael E.
Published: May 2019

This paper reviews the approaches for prediction of flicker (a visual perception) from electronic displays starting with ISO 9241‐3:1992 and discusses their limitation to specific display technologies. The discrepancy between two popular methods for characterization of temporal luminance modulations (specified by JEITA and VESA) is analyzed and their consolidation is proposed. Results from recent acitivities in the field of "time‐modulated lighting systems" are introduced and their impact on the prediction of flicker from electronic displays is discussed.
50‐2: Towards Modern Burn‐in Assessment Method for HDR Displays
Authors: Park Jae Sung , Kim Jiman , Jung Seongwoon , Kang Dukjin , Langehennig James , Lee Dongbae , Min Byungseok
Published: May 2019

A novel burn‐in assessment method is strongly required for modern high dynamic range (HDR) displays. Specifically, one of the necessary requirements for the new method is to stimulate a maximum capability of HDR displays such as a wide color gamut for all colors and a wide range of luminance. In this paper, based on the requirements, a new burn‐in assessment method is proposed by employing steepest gradient weighted quantification metric. Experimental results and analysis are conducted for validating the proposed method.
52‐3: Distinguished Paper: High‐Efficiency OLED Microdisplay with Microlens Array
Authors: Motoyama Yosuke , Sugiyama Kouhei , Tanaka Hideyuki , Tsuchioka Hiroaki , Matsusaki Koji , Fukumoto Hirohide
Published: May 2019

A high‐efficiency OLED microdisplay has been developed with some new technologies including microlens array. We focused on the improvement of the out‐coupling efficiency, and achieved 3 times higher efficiency as compared with conventional products. By using our developed technologies, it is possible to improve the maximum luminance from 1,600 cd/m2 to 5,000 cd/m2 under maintaining the lifetime.
54‐2: Fabrication of Ink‐jet printing Quantum‐Dots Light Emitting Diodes using Optimization of Co‐solvent Condition
Authors: Han Young-Joon , Kang Kyung-Tae , Ju Byeong-Kwon , Cho Kwan-Hyun
Published: May 2019

In this research, we introduce the fabrication of ink‐jet printed quantum‐dot light emitting diodes (QLEDs) using optimization of co‐solvent condition. Generally, in the fabrication of QLEDs, pinholes and dewetting on the surface of quantum‐dot (QD) thin films in the pixel cause performance degradation of the QLEDs. To control this problem, we dispersed QDs with CdZnSeS structure at a concentration of 20 mg/ml in a 1: 2 mixture of hexane and dichlorobenzene (oDCB). In addition, for stabilization of the jetting process, cartridge meniscus and waveforms were optimized. As a result, a uniform QD thin film was formed on a 240μm × 60μm bank pixel array. No pinholes or drying phenomena were found on the ink‐jet printed QD thin film surface. The luminance, current efficiency, and quantum efficiency of the fabricated ink‐jet printing QLEDs were 6319.6 cd/m2, 4.21 cd/A, and 1.03 %, respectively. The fabricated ink‐jet printing QLEDs showed a luminance of 13.33%, a current efficiency of 23.8%, and a quantum efficiency of 23.62% as compared with those of the spin‐coated QLEDs.
55‐1: Roadmapping Strategies for Rapidly Diversifying FPD Applications and Manufacturing Technologies
Authors: Annis Charles A.
Published: May 2019

This study examines the increasing complexity of FPD applications and related manufacturing technologies. It offers a roadmap of key developments over the next six years and uses detailed analysis of QD OLED, LTPO, and inkjet printing to provide a framework for FPD supply chain companies to manage their businesses as the industry rapidly evolves.
57‐3: Distinguished Student Paper: EEG Analysis of Mixed Reality Music Rehabilitation System for Post‐Stroke Lower Limb Therapy
Authors: Chang Wei-Chiao , Ko Li-Wei , Yu Kuen-Han , Ho Yu-Chun , Chen Chia-Hsin , Jong Yuh-Jyh , Huang Yi-Pai
Published: May 2019

This paper proposed a mixed‐reality music rehabilitation (MR2) system using Mixed Reality goggle, inertial measurement unit(IMU)‐based sensors and electroencephalography(EEG) monitoring device. The rehabilitation task was designed as an MR music game. The preliminary EEG analysis result of healthy participants shows power suppression over sensorimotor cortex while using the MR2.
57‐5: An Enhancement of Sound Quality by Using the Single Exciter in OLED Panel
Authors: Lee Sungtae , Park Kwanho , Park Sinkyun , Lee Joohong , Park Hyungwoo , Bae Myungjin
Published: May 2019

OLED panel speaker technology was first developed in 2017 by LG Display. This technology is based on the principle that an OLED panel acts as a diaphragm of a speaker by attaching an oscillator called an exciter to the back of the OLED panel. The technology delivers direct, clear sound from the panel to viewers, maximizing the immersion experience by allowing the sound and video to be played back at the same location. However, due to the strong directivity, the tone of the panel tends to be somewhat diminished at the center of the panel, which is the main TV viewing angle. In this paper, we improved the sound quality by improving the angle of directivity by making 2in1 exciter 1core model.
58‐2: Low power and Narrow border 8K Notebook Display with Smart View
Authors: Zhang Hui , Im Yunsik , Liu Liwei , Gu Honggang , Mei Hongge , Liao Feng , Chen Xiaochuan , Jun Jungmok
Published: May 2019

A 13.3‐in. 8K Oxide TFT‐LCD with Smart View driving was reported in this paper. Based on the high performance of Oxide TFT and advanced design rule, the transmittance could be improved 8% compared to traditional type. By Smart View driving, the logical power could be saved 20% on the 4K resolution compared with the 8K mode. The total power of 13.3‐in. 8K TFT‐LCD could be lower to 2.3W by Oxide technology. Meanwhile, the panel border could be reduced to 2.5mm because of the small TFT design.
60‐1: Invited Paper: Highly Transparent AMOLED Display with Interactive System
Authors: Chen Kuan-Ting , Huang Yi-Hsiang , Tsai Yu-Hsiang , Chen Wei-Chung , Wang Li-Hung , Chen Heng-Yin , Chen Glory , Ho Jia-Chong , Lee Cheng-Chung
Published: May 2019

A new transparent display system with human‐computer interaction (HCI) will become the key technology of next generation display. We have developed an interactive transparent display system with 17″ transparent AMOLED. The transmittance of the transparent AMOLED can achieve 70.6% and the brightness is higher than 483 cd/m2. Furthermore, the interactive transparent AMOLED system has successfully verified in intelligent aquarium and ecological box with real‐time interactive operation.
62‐1: Invited Paper: Highly Stable Self‐Aligned Coplanar InGaZnO Thin‐Film Transistors and Investigation on Effective Channel Length†
Authors: Kim Jung Bae , Lim Rodney , Tsai Yun-chu (Pipi) , Wang Jiarui , Zhao Lai , Choi Soo Young , Bender Marcus , Yim Dong Kil
Published: May 2019

Highly stable top‐gate InGaZnO (IGZO) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with excellent threshold voltage (Vth) uniformity are developed by optimizing gate insulator film properties and controlling oxygen/hydrogen diffusion into IGZO channel. The TFTs do not show notable negative Vth shift and Vth non‐uniformity from channel length 10 µm down to 3 µm.
62‐3: A 120Hz 1G1D 8k4k LCD with Oxide TFT
Authors: Chang ChiaMing , Tsai ChiaHsiu , You Jian-Jin , Lai Wei , Chin Tsung-Shou , Tseng Hsien-Kai , Lin Yuzuo , Wang Hao Yu , Yeh BoLiang , Wu ChenChung , Teng DeZhang , Chen Chunlin , Su Chunhao , Huang Yiyun , Lin ChunNan , Wu WenBin , Na ManHong
Published: May 2019

We succeeded the true 1G1D 75” 8K4k LCD with Oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT) for the first time. The initial prototype TFT process was in Gen.6 FAB, but now, we have been developed mass producible back channel etching (BCE)‐type oxide TFT process in Gen.7 FAB. As its first application, 1.7μsec pixel chargeable 1G1D 120Hz 8‐domain LCD without any additional compensation part for image quality deterioration such as transmittance loss and color washout is introduced. In practical point of view, this technology can render about 20% reduction of total production material cost compare to a‐Si technology. Moreover, simplified 1G1D metal line structure can contribute to production yield improvement. In this report, we present the latest AUOs Oxide TFT backplane development.
64‐2: Movable Electrowetting Optofluidic Lens for Imaging System
Authors: Li Lei , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: May 2019

In this paper, we report a movable electrowetting optofluidic lens with two liquid‐liquid (L‐L) interfaces. Compared with the conventional tunable lens, the two L‐L interfaces can not only deform the shape, but also move in the cell by an external voltage. The object distance and image distance are adjusted by shifting the L‐L interface position. Therefore, the proposed lens can realize optical axial scanning and zooming. To prove the concept, we fabricate an optofluidic lens and use it as a zoom lens. The zooming range is relatively large and aberration can also be corrected. Widespread application of such a new adaptive zoom lens is foreseeable.
66‐2: High transmittance and fast response FFS LCD for AR and VR displays
Authors: Talukder Javed Rouf , Huang Yuge , Wu Shin-Tson
Published: May 2019

By using a low viscosity material and new diamond‐shaped electrode configuration, we report a fringe field switching liquid crystal display with high transmittance, fast response time, low operation voltage, wide viewing angle and indistinguishable gamma shift. Promising applications for high‐resolution and image‐blur‐free displays, such as augmented reality and virtual reality, are foreseeable.
66‐3: Submillisecond‐Response 10‐Megapixel 4K2K LCoS for Microdisplay and Spatial Light Modulator
Authors: Yang Jhou-Pu , Chen Huang-Ming Philip , Huang Yuge , Chang Yao-Chung , Lai Fan-Wei , Wu Shin-Tson , Hsu Cynthia , Tsai Richard , Hsu Ron
Published: May 2019

The NCTU PCU‐3‐02 10‐megapixel 4K2K (max. 4160x2464) LCoS panels with LCM‐1107 nematic LC were assembled and evaluated. The results of both 1.2‐inch 4K2K (~4,000 PPI) amplitude type LCoS microdisplay and 0.7‐inch 4K2K (~7,000 PPI) phase‐only type LCoS spatial light modulator (SLM) can achieve 1~2 ms response time at T=45 °C. Meanwhile, the phase linearity, precision and accuracy of 4K2K LCoS‐SLM were assessed in this work. These new LCoS schemes will potentially be utilized in color‐sequential, holographic, virtual and augmented reality display.
67‐4: Modeling Electrical and Optical Cross‐Talk between Adjacent Pixels in Organic Light‐Emitting Diode Displays
Authors: Braga Daniele , Jenatsch Sandra , Penninck Lieven , Hiestand Roman , Diethelm Matthias , Altazin Stéphane , Kirsch Christoph , Ruhstaller Beat
Published: May 2019

We achieved a quantitative understanding of both electrical and optical coupling in OLED displays, by employing the simulation software LAOSS. For an AMOLED of around 300 PPI we found that the relative luminance between the addressed pixel and the neighbors can be as high as 40%, hampering significantly the quality of the final image. Similarly, in WOLEDs/CFs the light leakage to the neighboring pixels is clearly detectable, especially for wavelengths in the blue region of the spectrum.
72‐4: Design of Diffractive Optical Element for Laser Phosphor Lighting with Uniform Illumination without Zero‐Order Effect
Authors: Wu Min-Chian , Lin Hoang Yan , Tsuei Chih-Hsuan , Jao Chih-Sheng
Published: May 2019

Hot spot issues are critical for the performance of laser phosphor lighting systems owing to the high energy concentration of laser beam focusing, which will easily damage the phosphor plate. We present a novel algorithm to efficiently suppress the zero‐order diffraction with high acceptable tolerances during DOE fabrication.
73‐3: High Refractive Index Photopolymer Fabricated Holographic Grating used for RGB Waveguide‐type Display
Authors: Liu Ao , Zhang Yuning , Shen Zhongwen , Weng Yishi , Xia Jun , Wang Baoping
Published: May 2019

Using high refractive index photopolymer to fabricate the full color holographic coupled grating for a waveguide‐type display system was designed. With the optimized high refractive index photopolymer, we have the possibility to find the optimized design for stacking red, green, blue (RGB) three layers coupled‐gratings together and propagating RGB wavelength in one layer waveguide without crosstalk. The proposed method and system was confirmed experimentally.
74‐2: The Excellent Mechanical Properties of Novel Polymer Film and It's Application in the Foldable AMOLED Displays
Authors: Gu Peng Hao. , Du Shuang , Xie Chun Y. , Cai Bao M. , Zhang Song , Shi Yong X.
Published: May 2019

A foldable AMOLED display having less thickness, good bending reliability and high deformation recovery ability was obtained. Back supporting film in the OLED modules acts as a good function base, and the novel polymer film having higher elasticity modulus, lower creep rate, and lower residual deformation, which outperform then those conventional PET films, can lead to better deformation recovery and folding properties. By comparing the 48 hours static folding test of single film in HTHH environment, the polymer film optimized 44% angle unrecovered then conventional PET film after24 hours placing without force loading, and the angle unrecovered optimized was 46% in the same module structure. Also the Panel with this novel polymer film can also bearing 100k times dynamic bending with radius in five.
76‐4: Development of Gas‐Barrier‐Property Evaluation System for High Sensitivity and Short Evaluation Time
Authors: Hara Shigeki , Yoshida Hajime , Arai Kenta , Uehigashi Atsushi , Tate Kazuya , Imamura Takahiro , Hosooka Yasushi
Published: May 2019

A novel method has been developed to evaluate gas/water vapor permeation property for high sensitivity and short evaluation time. This method has features using a dense polymer support and combining the support firmly to the permeation side of the measurement system. These structural features are simple but effective. The effect was demonstrated by an evaluation system based on this method: the system had a high sensitivity of 10−6g/(m2 day) or less, permeation time for evaluation could be drastically reduced compared with a conventional differential pressure system, etc. Furthermore, the system can be easily calibrated using SI traceable SCE.
79‐1: Framework for Evaluating Display Resolution and Size in the Context of Video Compression and Visual Acuity
Authors: McCarthy Sean T. , Daly Scott , Kunkel Timo
Published: May 2019

We present a framework for assessing the interaction of display resolution, display size, and video compression in the context of visual acuity. We review retinal topology in the context of several kinds of acuity: reading (optotype) acuity; grating acuity; and hyperacuity. We show that display resolution and field‐of‐view combinations correspond to each level of visual acuity. We also show how quantization of spatial‐frequency coefficients in video compression relates to each level of visual acuity.
79‐3: Display Resolution and Human Factors for Presence and Motion Sickness in HMD Experiences
Authors: Lim Sun young , Jun Bin , Lim Hee jun , Ahn Jeong hyeon , Yi Yong woo , Kim HyungSeok
Published: May 2019

This experiment focuses on specific user factors and hardware factors that affect to presence and motion sickness in virtual reality. The experimental results show that Motion Sickness Susceptibility, ocular refraction disorder and motor nerve have an influence on presence and motion sickness along with display resolution.
80‐3: All Organic Layers Inkjet Printed OLEDs with a Printable Electronic Transport Layer
Authors: Wang Shipan , Wu Yuan-Chun , Jiao Shibo , Shi Ting , Ai Na , Zhang Yunan , Iguchi Shinsuke , Lu Po-Yen , Zhou Hang
Published: May 2019

All organic layers inkjet printed OLEDs have been successfully developed with a printable electronic transport layer (ETL). A jettable ETL ink was prepared with a commercially soluble electronic transport material and alcohol solvents. Based on orthogonal solvent systems, the deposition of ETL caused little damage to the emission under‐layer. And ETL printed OLEDs show comparable performance with its evaporation ETL counterparts.
81‐4: Perovskites: Most viable material for color conversion pixels
Authors: Luechinger Norman A
Published: May 2019

We present technical and commercial arguments backed with experimental data and regulatory considerations why perovskite QDs are the most suitable material selection for the realization of pixelated color converters. Our arguments are based on optical properties (blue extinction, quantum efficiency, FWHM) as well as cost and regulatory (RoHS) considerations.
82‐3: Late‐News Paper: Intense Pulsed Light‐Induced Highly Flexible Transparent Electrodes and Their Applications
Authors: Woo Kyoohee , Zhong Zhaoyang , Kwon Sin , Kim Hyuntae , Jang Yunseok , Kim Hyunchang , Jo Jeongdai
Published: May 2019

Recently, various electronic devices, such as displays, sensors, and batteries have been widely demanded to be highly deformable. Accordingly, numerous efforts have been made to convert their essential components from rigid and bulky form onto flexible and thin one. For example, metal nanowire (NW) based flexible transparent electrode had been developed instead of conventional brittle indium tin oxide (ITO) transparent electrode. Here, we tried to create extremely flexible conductive features that can tolerate severe mechanical stress using intense pulsed light sintering process. Additionally, using a significant differences in adhesion between light‐exposed and non‐exposed regions with respect to the underlying substrate, it was confirmed that patterning of conductive electrodes could be easily accomplished on large area. The potential use of IPL treated electronic conductive features were clearly demonstrated by fabricating flexible OLED and touch sensor. Our results facilitate their widespread application in future electronics, such as flexible display and wearable sensors.
83‐1: OLED vs. LC Displays ‐ The Race Toward Rec.2020 and HDRI
Authors: Becker Michael E. , Neumeier Jürgen , Wolf Martin
Published: May 2019

This paper presents measurement procedures and results for state‐of‐the‐art OLED and LC‐display screens characterizing the stability of chromaticity, luminance and contrast with respect to viewing direction, electrical driving and ambient illumination. We present data concerning the reflective properties of both display technologies under hemispherical diffuse and directional (point‐source) illumination. The obstacles that have to be over‐come for realization of Rec.2020 and HDRI are introduced and discussed for both OLED and LC‐displays.
P‐7: Highly‐Ordered Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Thin Film Transistor via Atomic Layer Deposition Process.
Authors: Seul Hyeonjoo , Yang Hyunji , On Nuri , Jeong Jae Kyeong
Published: May 2019

We reported the fabrication of amorphous or crystalline IGZO thin film transistors using atomic layer deposition (ALD) method. To observe the crystallinity effect of thin films which are used as a semiconductor channels for TFTs, we tried to deposit crystalline‐IGZO thin films with improving preferred orientation. In this paper, we formed IGZO thin film showing highly‐oriented crystalline properties by insertion seed layer underneath a IGZO thin films. As a result, we could figure out the interrelationship between semiconductor channel crystallinity and electrical performance of devices.
P‐9: Reduction and Mechanism of ESD Defect in IGZO‐TFT Formation
Authors: Liu Tianzhen , Duan Xianxue , Xu Dezhi , Cui Haifeng , Zhang Zhihai , Youn YangSik , Chen Junsheng , Lee SeungKyu
Published: May 2019

In this paper, “IGZO deposition” and “IGZO Photo” are found to be the critical steps that occurs for ESD in Oxide TFTs. The mechanism of ESD has been studied, furthermore, several improvement methods has been proposed.
P‐15: Gate‐Bias‐Stress‐Induced Instability in Hybrid‐Phase Microstructural ITO‐Stabilized ZnO TFTs
Authors: Zhang Meng , Jiang Zhendong , Deng Sunbin , Ma Xiaotong , Yan Yan , Li Guijun , Chen Rongsheng , Wong Man , Kwok Hoi Sing
Published: May 2019

Degradation behaviors of hybrid‐phase microstructural ITO‐stabilized ZnO thin film transistors under gate bias stresses are investigated for the first time. Positive gate bias stresses cause parallel negative shift in characteristics while negative gate bias stresses improve device performance. Incorporated with simulations, the degradation mechanism is tentatively discussed.
P‐17: IGZO TFT Gate Driver with Independent both Bootstrapping and Control Units for AMOLED Mobile Display
Authors: Huang Jie , Liao Congwei , Lei Tengteng , Yang Jiwen , Zhang Shengdong
Published: May 2019

An IGZO TFTs integrated gate driver with an independent bootstrapping structure and an independent control unit is proposed for AMOLED display. The driver can output both programmable multi‐pulse scan signals and normally‐high‐voltage emission control signals. Compared with the traditional bootstrapping node structure with a long rising time of 1.06 µs, and the diode‐connected bootstrapping node structure with a long falling time of 1.60 µs, the proposed driver has a short and symmetric rising and falling time of about 0.64 µs. Cascaded simulation results show that the driver may be applicable to 5.5‐in full HD AMOLED panel.
P‐18: Improving Switching Characteristics of p‐type Copper Oxide Thin‐film Transistors by Germanium Oxide Passivation through Reactive Sputtering
Authors: Min Won Kyung , Park Sung Pyo , Jung Tae Soo , Kim Hee Jun , Lee Jin Hyeok , Park Kyungho , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: May 2019

We have suggested p‐type copper oxide (CuOx) thin‐film transistors (TFTs) with improved switching characteristics by germanium oxide (GeOx) passivation through a reactive sputtering method. From the results, the on/off current ratio and subthreshold swing (S.S) of GeOx passivated CuOx TFTs were remarkably improved.
P‐20: The Voltage‐based Modulation Technique Using Potassium Superoxide for Amorphous Indium‐Gallium‐Zinc Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors
Authors: Lee Heesoo , Jung Tae Soo , Park Jeong Woo , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: May 2019

A voltage‐based modulation technique (VMT) for oxide semiconductor is demonstrated to achieve high performance amorphous indium‐gallium‐zinc oxide thin‐film transistors (a‐IGZO TFTs). Toward this, potassium superoxide (KO2) solution is employed as a new source of potassium (K+) and highly reactive superoxide radical () ions. The K+ and ions in the KO2 solution are migrated into the a‐IGZO active layer, and improve electrical properties of the a‐IGZO active layer by acting as a carrier source and decreasing oxygen vacancy related trap sites, respectively. As a result, a‐IGZO TFTs fabricated using the VMT in the optimized condition exhibit better electrical performances compared to the pristine a‐IGZO TFTs; field‐effect mobility increased from 6.05 to 9.67 cm2/Vs, and threshold voltage shift decreased from 5.0 to 3.2 V under a positive bias stress test conducted for 3,600 s.
P‐23: Enhancement in the Mobility and the Stability of Solution‐Processed Zinc‐Tin Oxide Thin‐Film Transistors Using Alkali Metal Superoxide
Authors: Jung Tae Soo , Lee Heesoo , Kim Hee Jun , Lee Jin Hyeok , Min Won Kyung , Park Kyungho , Kim Hyun Jae
Published: May 2019

We have studied how to improve the mobility and stability of solution processed zinc‐tin oxide thin‐film transistors (ZTO TFTs) simultaneously using multifunctional potassium superoxide precursor. Potassium cations in the potassium superoxide precursor acts as a shallow donor in the ZTO thin film to improve the carrier concentration (electron), which allows the potassium‐doped ZTO TFT to exhibit high mobility. Then, the anion of the precursor exists as a superoxide radical, and it showed the effect of reducing the oxygen vacancy in the process of forming the oxide thin film Consequently, potassium‐doped ZTO TFT using potassium superoxide precursor exhibited improved mobility and stability, showing an increase in the mobility from 5.11 to 8.36 cm2/Vs and a decrease in the threshold voltage shift from 4.65 to 3.36 V under a negative bias temperature illumination stress test conducted over 5,000 sec..
P‐25: Phenomenon of Periodic Cross Striation for Common Electrode Voltage Distortion
Authors: Xin-mao Qiu , Yao Liu , Rong Wu , Hong-jiang Wu , Bao-qiang Wang , Xiang-nan Yun , Xi Chen , Hong-tao Lin
Published: May 2019

The phenomenon of periodic cross striation of GOA products is discovered as well as the mechanism and influencing factors are studied. Common electrode voltage (Vcom) distortion caused by the same period of CLKs affects the pixel holding voltage. CLK signal as a low frequency AC signal is transmitted to Feed through capacitances (common electrode is CF BM), and then Feed signal has distortion with period as CLK. The Vcom distortion comes from the reverse and amplified Feed distortion by compensators. By reducing the capacitance square (reducing CF BM area and/or Feed line length), the influence of CLK signal on Feed is decreased. By reducing the capacitance permittivity through changing the position and width of Sealant, the signal coupling between CLK and Feed is effectively diminished.
P‐28: Novel Asymmetric Source‐drain Thin Film Transistors Fabricated by Atomic Layer Deposition
Authors: Li Huijin , Dong Junchen , Han Dedong , Yu Wen , Yi Zhuang , Zhang Shengdong , Zhang Xing , Wang Yi
Published: May 2019

Novel asymmetric source‐drain thin film transistors (TFTs) have been fabricated. The Al2O3 dielectric and ZnO channel are deposited in turn by atomic layer deposition without vacuum breakage to decrease trap density. The devices under inner‐drain bias conditions exhibit Ion /Ioff ratio of 3.1 ×109, SS of 71 mV/dec and good electrical stability.
P‐30: Novel Driving Circuit Designs and Driving Methods for Organic Light Emitting Diode (OLED) Display
Authors: Gu Jing , Peng Yu-Hsun , Tseng Shih-Wei
Published: May 2019

The paper presents three novel solutions for driving OLED displays including Distributive‐Driving, Prime‐Bridge, and the combination thereof. Distributive‐Driving re‐arranges the source and gate channel numbers on the back plane without changing the OLED fine metal mask (FMM) pattern, thereby increasing charging time, reducing fan‐out area, etc. Prime‐Bridge enables the sharing of the driving circuit by multiple subpixels and thus, can reduce the total number of thin‐film transistors (TFTs) and capacitors as well as the gate line number without sacrificing the charging time of each subpixel and the frame rate. By combining Distributive‐Driving and Prime‐Bridge, the driving circuit area can be increased in both horizontal and vertical directions, which is good for high PPI backplane design and can reduce BOM cost with higher yield.
P‐193: Late‐News Poster: Low Temperature Solution Processed InZnO TFT Annealed in Wet Ambient
Authors: Jallorina Michael Paul A. , Bermundo Juan Paolo S. , Fujii Mami N. , Ishikawa Yasuaki , Uraoka Yukiharu
Published: May 2019

In this work, we show that utilizing a low temperature wet annealing ambient can greatly improve the electrical characteristics of a solution processed oxide thin‐film transistor (TFT). Compared to atmospheric annealed devices (∼0.74 cm2/Vs), characteristics such as mobility can be 4 times higher for the wet annealed devices (∼2.99 cm2/Vs).
P‐194: Late‐News Poster: Highly Stable Thin‐Film Transistors Based on Amorphous Perovskite Semiconductors
Authors: Kim Hyoung-Do , Park Ji-Min , Nahm Ho-Hyun , Kim Hyun-Suk
Published: May 2019

In this work, Indium‐free amorphous Zn‐Ba‐Sn‐O (ZBTO) thin films and resulting thin‐film transistor (TFT) characteristics were investigated. ZBTO films were fabricated by co‐sputtering system, using ZnSnO3 (ZTO) and BaSnO3 (BTO) ceramic targets. The BaSnO3 was selected because of its relatively large heat of formation compared to ZTO, and therefore enhancing structural ordering and less defective structure. The applied BTO target power was varied to investigate Ba content effect on TFT performances. X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and absorption spectra revealed that the subgap states including tail states were significantly suppressed by Ba incorporation. Moreover, it was found that the optimized ZBTO TFTs shown field effect mobility value over 20 cm2/Vs in saturation regime, and ultra‐stable stability (ΔVth < 1.0 V) under negative bias illumination stress (NBIS).
P‐197: Late‐News Poster: NBTS‐free Oxide TFTs with High Mobility of 40 cm2/Vs: A Possible Origin for NBTS Instability
Authors: Shiah Yu-Shien , Bang Joonho , Abe Katsumi , Kim Junghwan , Hosono Hideo
Published: May 2019

IGZO TFTs are now used in flat‐panel displays (FPDs) such as OLED displays. However, its mobility of ~10 cm2/Vs is still insufficient to realize high‐resolution FPDs of next‐generation. Therefore, Sn‐included amorphous oxide semiconductors (AOSs) attract much attention owing to their high electron mobility. However, it has been reported that Sn‐based AOSs suffers from serious instabilities such as negative temperature bias stress (NBTS) and negative bias temperature illumination stress (NBTIS) compared to conventional IGZO. In this study, we discovered an unintentionally incorporated impurity X that induces a NBTS instability. By removing the impurity X, we succeeded in developing NBTS‐free Sn‐based AOS‐TFT with high mobility of ~40 cm2/Vs.
P‐35: Human Visual System Inspired Artifact Reduction in Projector Compensation
Authors: Sankar Vignesh , Fieguth Paul , Lamm Mark
Published: May 2019

Projection onto an arbitrary surface requires radiometric compensation to correct for distortions caused by the colors and texture of the underlying surface. Radiometric compensation modifies the projector input image with respect to the projection surface characteristics. Due to the limited dynamic range of any projector, the modified target image can easily go beyond the projector intensity limits, causing saturation artifacts. In this paper, a novel locally‐adaptive, spatial luminance modification framework is presented to reduce brightness/contrast demands on the projector during radiometric compensation.
P‐36: Design of Simulation Tools for Light‐field Near‐eye Displays with a Pinhole Array
Authors: Han Jiajing , Song Weitao , Liu Yue , Wang Yongtian
Published: May 2019

We have developed a group of simulation tools to analyze the display performance of light‐field near‐eye displays based on a pinhole array. The characteristics of human visual system have been considered to show the accommodation, the display resolution, the eye box and the tolerance of the given specifications. Therefore, the developed tools provide a useful reference during the design, optimization and manufacture process.
P‐41: Border Fade Pattern for a Segmented Active Polarizer Dimmable Lens
Authors: Weindorf Paul , Hayden Brian , Auger Elijah , Soto Pedro Coutino
Published: May 2019

Display units that utilize a dimmable smart lens may be utilized to reduce the required luminance compared to a fixed neutral density lens to provide a hidden display appearance. A lens configuration that utilizes an active polarizer in conjunction with a linear polarizer has previously been developed and reported. The use of a segmented active polarizer dimmable lens with a unique border fade pattern is explored.
P‐42: Visibility Analysis in Vehicle Rear Mirror OLED using Fourier Optics
Authors: Park Ju-Un , Jang Hun , Lee Chan-Ho , Jeong Young-Min , Lee Won-Ho , Kim Eui-Tae , Kim Chang-Soo , Kim Jae-Hong , Jun Myung-Chul , Kang In-Byeong
Published: May 2019

When mirror OLED is used as a rear mirror for a vehicle, it is seen that the headlights of the rear vehicle spreads and the reflective visibility is lowered. Prior to improving the degraded visibility, we first defined the visibility of reflective display and developed a visibility simulator using Fourier optical analysis.
P‐49: TFT‐LCD Advanced Adaptive De‐mura System
Authors: Zhao Wenqin , Chen Wei , Ji Feilin , Lin Boshen , Chen Zhenghong
Published: May 2019

In the process of producing TFT‐LCD, the difference in process and material causes the uneven brightness of the panel. In this paper, a system architecture and algorithm are proposed to eliminate the uneven brightness of TFT‐LCD’s display, which is called the De‐mura system to improve the quality of the TFT‐LCD.
P‐50: Principle and Improvement of Shaking Stripe
Authors: Li Zongxiang , Yan Jinglong , Wu Hongjiang , Chen Xi , Liu Yao , Wang Wenchao , Wang Baoqiang , Lin Hongtao
Published: May 2019

Shaking Stripe is a complicated issue in TFT‐LCD which has a significant impact on product development because of the lack of design rules. According to this article, the phenomenon is systematically described from two dimensions including spatial frequency and time frequency. Then, it is demonstrated that the different brightness of pixels in a same frame is the immediate reason for this issue, which cannot be homogenized by human eyes. The phenomenon will be more obvious when the difference comes to six gray levels for the gray picture of L127. Furthermore, we investigate three design rules in TN product with the design of Dual Gate and Z‐inversion which has a high risk in this issue.
P‐60: An 8Gbps Receiver for 8K Large‐Size Display
Authors: Huang Ju-Lin , Liu Yi-Chuan , Liang Ko-Chun , Wang Yu-Hsiang , Yeh Che-Wei , Fang Yong-Ren , Huang Yung-Yang , Wu Chia-En , Liu Yi-Te , Kang Chun-Wei
Published: May 2019

An 8Gbps receiver is implemented in 1.2V 0.11um high‐voltage CMOS process for 8K 120Hz large‐size display. Signal integrity is also improved to achieve maximum data rate of 8Gbps, 6Gbps over prototype channels for 65‐inch display, 85‐inch double‐side driving display respectively. The measured bit error rate is below 1E‐9 for PRBS‐18.
P‐64: Mechanism Analysis of Defects on the Organic Film Process
Authors: Zhang Xiaoxiang , Ding Xiangqian , Song Yongzhi , Liu Mingxuan , Jia Yihe , Wu Zumou , Li Xiaolong , Han Hao , Chen Weitao
Published: May 2019

Mechanism of pixel defect and dark‐line defect on the organic film process are studied in this paper, and improvement methods are also given. Reducing outgas by increasing the organic holes can avoid cracking in Org/PVX/ITO laminated structure. Increasing exposure dose can remove ITO residual in fan‐out zone, and mask design value that compensate the rise of DICD by increasing exposure dose are also given. Through the above improvement methods, pixel defect and dark‐line defect are solved and yield is enhanced from 50.2% to 99% which meets the requirement of mass production.
P‐69: Light Absorbing Dye‐Doped Siloxane Based Optical Filter Film for Image and IR Sensors
Authors: Kang Seung-Mo , Kim Yong Ho , Lim Young-Woo , Bae Byeong-Soo
Published: May 2019

As a demand for thin & flexible optical sensors has increased, conventional glass substrates based optical filters needs to be replaced by flexible film based optical filters. In this paper, light absorbing dye‐doped siloxane based optical film filters are introduced for replacing conventional glass based optical filters. Light absorbing dye‐doped siloxane hybrid optical film filters have good light filtering ability in diverse wavelength ranges with high transmittance in desired wavelengths, showing high thermal and optical stability.
P‐70: Resolving Bump Issue on Copper Surface in GI Hole of TFT‐LCDs
Authors: Wang Yijun , Shen Qiyu , Wang Jianwei , Liu Zuhong , Xu Xufei , Liu Zhaofan , Zhang Xiaojie , Zhang Zhihai , Youn YangSik , Chen Junsheng , Lee SeungKyu
Published: May 2019

This paper introduces a phenomenon of the SD bump on the gate layer MoNiTi(bottom)/Cu(top) in GI hole because of the worsening of adhesion between SD layer and gate layer after the copper oxides form on the top copper surface of gate layer. We investigated the relationship of the SD bump with TFT array processes and solved the SD bump issue by reducing the power, gas flow ratio (O2/SF6) or O.E.(%) time of GI etching process. Because these changes of GI etching parameter can decrease the amount and lower the energy of O* and S* free radical in GI etching chamber.
P‐80: An Evaluation of De‐Sense through Analyzing Display Module RF Noise
Authors: Kim Sang Kook , Yun Yeo Jin , Kim Hyeo Jung , Lee Jung Doo , Choi Yeong Mook , Shin Won Ju , Choe Won Jun
Published: May 2019

An evaluation method for de‐sense due to display module is proposed in this paper. Though de‐sense issue has been problem for decades, it is known to be difficult to infer problems from the component‐level analysis. The novel modeling is introduced and validated for estimating de‐sense in module and set measurements.
P‐89: Development of Waveguide Liquid Crystal Display for Transparent Display Applications
Authors: Wang Long , Jia Nanfang , Duan Liye , Sun Tuo , Liu Zongmin , Fang Jia , Hou Mengjun , Liu Xiaotong , Shi Yongming , Li Yanzhao , Zhou Xiaochen , Shin Yunho , Qin Guangkui , KIM Seoyoon , Li Xinguo , Peng Yidan , Zhang Shuo , Yang Fan , Sun Junmin , Liu Qing , Kristal Boris , Yang Dengke
Published: May 2019

Waveguide liquid crystal display (WLCD) is a newly developed transparent display technology. Since polarizers and color filters are not necessary for the WLCD, high transparency is easily reached. Meanwhile, owing to the fast response time, field sequential color (FSC) can be applied to realize full color display. In this work, by optimizing materials and process conditions, we obtained lower driving voltage and higher contrast ratio than previously reported. These enhanced characteristics provide the possibility for designing larger size panel. Finally, we have developed an 8 inch full color transparent WLCD prototype and discussed the upgrading methods to improve brightness uniformity.
P‐92: A Lensless Retinal Scanning Display for Augmented Reality
Authors: Mi Lantian , Chen Chao Ping , Lu Yifan , Zhang Wenbo , Zhu Ming , Tang Ruixue , Ren Xingyu , Maitlo Nizamuddin
Published: May 2019

We propose a design of a retinal‐scanning‐based near‐eye display for augmented reality. Our solution is highlighted by a scanning laser projector, a diffractive optical element, and a wet eye with gradient refractive indices. Its design rules are set forth in detail, followed by the results and discussion.
P‐99: Method to Reduce Ringing Artifact in Holographic Projection
Authors: Chen Chun , Xiao Dan , Liu Chan-Juan , Wang Jun , Wang Qiong-Hua
Published: May 2019

A method to reduce the ringing artifact in the holographic projection is proposed in this paper. By reducing the distance between the focal plane and the hologram plane and keeping the focal length of the convergence light unchanged in random phase‐free method, the ringing artifacts can be reduced.
P‐103: Research of black spot resulted by tight release film removal
Authors: Shang Jianxing , Wu Shenkang , Ma Jian , Qin Xing , Liu Siyu , Ren Jinghe , Han Jun , Duan Ying , Lu Haiyang , Hou Ruili , Ruan Song , Chen Kai , Zhang Jintao , Wang Zhen , Zhang Wen , Dong Tingze , Huang Dongsheng , Chen Si , Wang Wei
Published: May 2019

To solve black spot which is produced during the process of attaching GOS to TFT panel via OCA (optical clear adhesive), we investigated the difference of OCA from two suppliers. The result shows black spot has strong positive correlation with adhesive thickness. By monitoring thickness by SEM in volume production, we solve this problem completely.
P‐106: Guest‐Host Liquid Crystal Devices Utilizing Dichroic Dye and Its Application
Authors: Lee Hong Gwon , Lee Chang Suk , Lee Sung Guk , Heo Yun Jin , Lim Young Jin , Lee Seung Hee
Published: May 2019

Wide application of dichroic dye‐doped liquid crystal device (DLCD) devices has been proposed, which removes conventional film‐type polarizer in reflective LCD and OLED. Combination of DLCD, quarter‐wave film and reflector can realize effective reflective LCD. In addition, by replacing conventional polarizer to switchable DLCD in OLED, the proper level of a low reflection is achieved, and more interestingly high brightness OLED can be realized if the optic axis of DLC is switched to vertical alignment when there is no ambient light, which could save power consumption and life time of OLED. Further DLCD can be applied to bi‐functional device functioning as both smart mirror and light shutter.
P‐113: Ligand‐Dependent Stabilities and Optical Properties of InP / GaP / ZnS Quantum Dots
Authors: Lee Woosuk , Lee Changmin , Kim Hyejin , Moon Hyungsuk , Chae Heeyeop
Published: May 2019

InP‐based quantum dot (QDs) with the alkyl chain length of fatty acid as ligand were synthesized via a heating up method and evaluated the stabilities against thermal heating and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation. QDs with myristic acid and palmitic acid were appropriately 50% more stable than the one with stearic acid under the evaluation conditions.