bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prospects for the use of various species and strains of symbiotic bacteria (Xenorhabdus sp.) in the biological protection of potatoes from diseases in the European North of Russia
Authors: Kotova Z. P. , Danilova T. A. , Danilov L. G. , Arkhipov M. V.
Published: June 2024

Research on the development of environmentally friendly plant protection systems against fungal pathogens using symbiotic bacteria Xenorhabdus sp. – symbionts of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) has been a new direction in agricultural practice in recent years and undoubtedly represent relevance and scientific significance. The studies used suspensions of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteria of symbionts of various types of EPN (Steinernema carpocapsae, S. feltiae and S. feltiae protense) with a bacterial cell titer of 107 CFU/ml in comparison with the biological preparation Phytosporin-M (dough) and water as a control. In laboratory conditions at a temperature of 25 oC, there were established differences in the antibiotic activity of the primary forms of producers of Xenorhabdus sp., isolated from different types of EPN. The greatest inhibition of the fungal growth zone on the 4th day was observed for metabolites of the S. carpocapsae strain against Alternaria solani. Biological effectiveness in suppressing this pathogen was 51 %. Field research conducted in 2022-2023 in the conditions of the Republic of Karelia on the mid-early potato variety ʻRed Scarlettʼ, showed that under epiphytotic conditions (low air temperatures and excessive waterlogging) double spraying of vegetative plants with a suspension of live and autoclaved cultures of symbiotic bacteria (EPN-1-1, EPN-2 and EPN-2 -1) reduced the development of rhizoctoniosis compared to the control variant by 50, 64 and 60 %, respectively. It was found that double treatment with a live and autoclaved aqueous suspension of bacteria, symbionts of the subspecies S. feltiae was more effective and ensured a reduction in the degree of development of scab symptoms by 1.3–2.8 times and the spread of rhizoctonia by 1.5–2.0 times. It has been also established that 2-fold spraying of plants with a live and autoclaved suspension of symbiotic bacteria S. feltiae during the growing season significantly increases the yield of tubers by 35–22 %, respectively. Thus, the use of biologically active secondary metabolites of Xenorhabdus sp. has significant potential as biological plant protection agents against potato pathogens.
The effect of mineral fertilizers on the productivity of perennial grasses in a long-term stationary experiment
Authors: Prokina L. N. , Pugaev S. V.
Published: June 2024

The article presents the results of studies (1991–1994, 2005–2007 and 2015–2018) conducted on leached heavy loam chernozem in the Republic of Mordovia. The purpose of the research is to conduct a comparative assessment of the effect of mineral fertilizers on the yield and quality of alfalfa and awnless brome. The analysis of long-term results showed that the productivity of alfalfa during three rotations of the field crop rotation was higher by 0.64, 1.05 and 0.15 t/ha compared with the awnless brome (5.73, 4.43 and 5.54 t/ha). The application of phosphorus-potassium (PK) fertilizers for alfalfa increased the harvest by an average of 18 %, with a payback of 1 kg a.i. of fertilizer with 8 kg of hay and an additional income of 1.3 rubles/rub. The use of a full mineral seed with doses of nitrogen N30–90 for awnless brome increased crop yield from 36 to 67 % compared to the PK variant (4.15 t/ha), additional income amounted to 1.15–1.29 rubles / rub, payback of 1 kg of a.i. of nitrogen – 32.7–45.5 kg of hay. The analysis of the experimental material showed that the concentration of crude protein in the green mass of alfalfa was 1.5 times higher than in the awnless brome (12.89 %). Complete mineral fertilizer increased the crude protein content in the green mass of the awnless brome in some years from 8 to 28 %, in alfalfa only by 2-3 % compared with the PK variant. According to the collection of crude protein per unit area, alfalfa crops (on average 1,133 kg/ha) differed favorably from awnless brome (684 kg/ha).
Information Searching Behaviour in Efforts to Complete Postgraduate Students’ Theses
Authors: Sa'ban Andriani , Samosir Fransiska Timoria , Sa'diyah Lailatus
Published: June 2024

Researchers found that University of Dehasen Bengkulu postgraduate students strongly favored online resources when seeking information. These students utilized platforms such as Google Scholar and Unived journals to meet their research needs due to the extensive information requirements of their studies and the restricted library collection. The study uncovers a consistent pattern in their information-seeking behavior using a qualitative and descriptive approach. Students usually begin by selecting their sources and then dedicate approximately 1-2 hours each day to searching, comparing information, and monitoring updates. Tasks such as verifying and extracting information were frequently neglected. The study concludes that the students' search strategies consist of initiating, chaining, browsing, differentiating, and monitoring. When searching for information, the processes of extracting and verifying are often neglected due to being deemed insignificant. All students engage in the conclusion phase when finalizing their information search. Postgraduate students exhibit strong skills in selecting suitable information sources, choosing relevant sources, employing effective search strategies, critically evaluating information, and synthesizing information from diverse sources.

Banyaknya informasi yang dibutuhkan mahasiswa pascasarjana, menjadikan mahasiswa menjadi makhluk yang sangat membutuhkan informasi. Mahasiswa Pascasarjana Manajemen Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu melakukan pencarian sumber informasi sepenuhnya menggunakan internet, dikarenakan lebih efektif dan efisien serta tidak adanya koleksi di Perpustakaan Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan yaitu kualitatif dengan pendekatan deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan mahasiswa pascasarjana melakukan pencarian informasi dengan memulai pencarian informasi dengan menentukan sumber informasi yang akan digunakan, melakukan pencarian melalui website google scholar dan jurnal Unived dengan menghabiskan waktu sekitar 1-2jam/hari, membandingkan informasi, memantau perkembangan sumber-sumber informasi, dan mengekstrak dan memverifikasi  informasi di anggap tidak penting, serta mengakhiri pencarian informasi dengan mematikan komputer/handphone. Pada akhir pencarian mahasiswa mendapatkan informasi yang memuaskan selama pencarian informasi, dapat dikatakan bahwa starting, chaining, browsing, differentiating, monitoring, cenderung sama.  Dalam pencarian informasi, extracting dan verifying tidak dilakukan karena dianggap tidak penting. Ending dilakukan oleh semua mahasiswa sebagai akhir dalam penyelesaian pencarian informasi. Mahasiswa pascasarjana menunjukkan kemampuan yang baik dalam memilih sumber informasi yang tepat melalui sumber informasi yang mereka gunakan, mampu memilih sumber informasi yang relevan, menggunakan strategi pencarian informasi yang tepat, mampu mengevaluasi informasi dengan kritis, mampu mensistensi informasi dari berbagai sumber.
INDONESIA-MALAYSIA’S LEGAL PROTECTION FOR BUSINESSES UNDER THE COD (CASH ON DELIVERY) PAYMENT SCHEME IN THE MARKETPLACE
Authors: Sugirman Andi , Waruwu Monaldus Fatiso , A Abdussalam , Ardiana Ulfa
Published: June 2024

ABSTRACTThe COD (Cash on Delivery) can impact cash flow due to payment delays, especially for businesses with tight margins. In order to address the issue of business actors' legal protection when using COD as a payment mechanism in the marketplace, this paper seeks a solution. Research on laws and other relevant legal literature is done by the author as part of the normative juridical legal research approach used to write this publication. To make corporate operations more productive and efficient, Marketplace aims to reduce their unnecessary complexity. With the marketplace emerging, everyone may now purchase and sell goods and services with ease, at a low cost, and in a timely manner, as there are no restrictions on location, time, or distance.  There are numerous payment methods available in the marketplace, one of which is COD (Cash on Delivery), which allows customers to pay directly on the spot when they receive the things they ordered. However, in practice, the parties who transact in the Marketplace frequently suffer significant losses, necessitating the existence of legal protection for the parties that transact in the Marketplace, both consumers and business entities, in order to protect their rights.
THE SALINITY ORIGIN OF THE SURFACE WATER IN THE WATERSHED DAM ZARDEZAS, EASTERN ALGERIA
Authors:   Batna 2 Mostfa Ben Boulaïd University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulics, N 3 RN3, Algeria, KEMOUKH Sami , ATHAMENA Ali ,   Batna 2 Mostefa Ben Boulaïd University, Institute of Earth and Universe Sciences, Department of Geology, N 3 RN3, Algeria, DJAIZ Fouad ,   Batna 2 Mostefa Ben Boulaïd University, Institute of Earth and Universe Sciences, Department of Geology, N 3 RN3, Algeria, BELALITE Halima ,   Mila University Centre, Institute of Natural and Life Sciences, Departments of Earth and Universe Sciences BP 26 RP, Mila 43000, Algeria, ATHAMENA Malika ,   Batna 2 Mostfa Ben Boulaïd University, Faculty of Technology, Department of Hydraulics, N 3 RN3, Algeria
Published: June 2024

: The deterioration of the physico-chemical quality of surface waters in the Algerian Northeast is caused by several factors. Our study aims to fill the knowledge gap on the control of hydro-chemical evolution of surface waters in wetlands. The main focus is on major elements in surface waters of the Skikda region in northeastern Algeria. To address this issue, we received 45 samples during the 09 campaigns conducted during the period of low and high water of the year 2015-2016, distributed over five points, namely the tributary Oued Khemakhem, Oued Bouadjeb, Oued Safsaf, reservoir of the Zerdazas dam and the downstream of the Zerdazas dam. First, we studied the variation of physical elements such as pH and EC. Then, using PCA and FA, we characterized the physicochemical properties of the water to demonstrate the relationship between the elements and the factors controlling the distribution of the major elements and the heavy metals Pb2+, Fe2+ and Sr2+. The specific formula of the dominance of the different concentrations in the surface waters of the study area followed the sequence: Ca-Mg-Na-K and Cl-SO4-HCO3 from which a predominant specific facies emerges on 67% of the samples, is of the chloride and sulfate-calcoMagnesian facies.
ASSESSMENT OF ECONOMIC LEAKAGE IN TOURISM SYSTEM OF THE SUNDARBANS (BANGLADESH)
Authors:   University of Dhaka, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, HASSAN Kamrul , OISHI Oaisharia Vocto ,   University of Dhaka, Department of Tourism and Hospitality Management, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh, AFROZ Farzana ,   University of Dhaka, Department of Statistics, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh
Published: June 2024

The tourism industry employs the term ‘economic leakage’ to describe the phenomenon of tourism revenue of a destination leaving to outside economy from the destination of reference. This study aims to measure the economic leakage in the tourism system of the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. To address the research aim, a quantitative research methodology has been employed. A total of 22 participants were interviewed out of 190 tourism businesses offering tours in the Sundarbans. This research has found that 28% of economic leakage occurred in the tourism system of the Sundarbans. Imported products (e.g. food and beverage, fuel), imported services (e.g. advertising, foreign payments), and other issues (e.g. outside employee salaries, training and seminars, forest fees, government taxes) have been identified as contributing factors to economic leakage. Measuring the quantity and identification of the contributing factors of economic leakage can help policymakers to maximize the economic benefits of a destination by sourcing tourism products and services locally.
CRISIS MANAGEMENT AS A DRIVER OF SUSTAINABLE TOURISM IN JORDAN: EVALUATING PERFORMANCE OF JORDANIAN TOURISM PUBLIC POLICIES DURING CRISIS - BEFORE AND AFTER COVID-19
Authors:   Department of Sustainable Tourism, Queen Rania Faculty of Tourism and Heritage, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, BADER Malek , MUSTAFA Mairna ,   Department of Sustainable Tourism, Queen Rania Faculty of Tourism and Heritage, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, Al ROUSAN Ramzi ,   Department of Sustainable Tourism, Queen Rania Faculty of Tourism and Heritage, The Hashemite University, Zarqa, Jordan, IBRAHIM Hussein M. ,   School of Archaeology and Tourism/ Department of Tourism Management, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
Published: June 2024

This paper evaluates the policies taken by Jordanian tourism sector before and after COVID-19; it is divided into two parts: the first dealt with the period 2011-2019 which followed the events of Arab Spring, the second focused on the postCOVID-19 period. A mixed methodology was used as for the Arab Spring case a quantitative approach that aimed at measuring the satisfaction of 54 travel agents about policies taken by public tourism sector was used. A Structure Equation Modelling analysis was conducted to test the relationship between specific satisfaction about promotional and economic policies as independent variables, and the general satisfaction as a dependent variable. As for the case of COVID-19, a different approach was used where the Tourism National Strategy 2021-2025 and reports on the influence of COVID-19 on Jordanian Economy were referred to make an evaluation of governmental performance. There was an obvious absence of the concept of “Crisis Management" in tourism national strategies (MOTA, 2003 ; 2010 ; 2015) ; where the focus was on diversifying the tourism product, enhancing the image of the country and increasing competitiveness.
Young Entrepreneur Triumph: A Study On The Determinants Of Entrepreneurial Intention Of University Students
Authors: Setiawan Wahyu , Wibawa Galih Ernawati , Sinaga Kezia Audrey Sazkhya
Published: June 2024

This study aims to examine several factors that can influence student entrepreneurial intentions through factors of family support, weak institutions, need motivation, opportunity motivation, university support, self-efficacy, and leadership. The approach used is a quantitative approach by conducting a survey of 120 students who already have businesses spread across several universities in Yogyakarta. The results showed that family support, opportunity motivation, university support, self-efficacy, and leadership had a significant and positive influence on entrepreneurial intention. “Poor” institutional factors have a negative effect, thus providing an inverse impact. As an implication, the government and universities are expected to be more consistent in providing a forum for classroom learning and direct practice by involving student organizations and financial support for students who do business so that their businesses can grow and open as many jobs as possible.
Increasing Purchasing Decisions for UMKM Tempe Chips in Banyumas District through User Interface, Social Media Marketing, Price, and Nutrition Labeling with Purchase Intention as a Mediating Variable
Authors: Hawa Sarah Dien , Resa Frafela Rosmi  , Angga Ari Prasetyo
Published: June 2024

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are one of the economic drivers of society. More than 50% of Indonesian people rely on the wheels of economic rotation by becoming MSME actors This study aims to examine the influence between user interface; social media; price and nutrition labeling; purchase intention toward purchase decision. By using quantitative research methods, 97 tempeh chips MSME as a respondent 97 respondents were tested. Data analysis using PLS the result of the reseac   h are user interface, social media, price and nutrition labeling have  a positive effect on prchase intention and purchasing decision. This reseach also shows that purchasing decision becomes intervening variabel between user interface, social media, price and nutrition labeling have  a positive effect on prchase decision.
Domates bakteriyel solgunluk ve kanser hastalığının (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al.) bakteriyel antagonistler kullanılarak mücadele imkânlarının araştırılması
Authors: Mohammadı Parisa , Kotan Recep
Published: June 2024

Domates bakteriyel solgunluk ve kanser hastalığı (Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (Smith) Davis et al.) Dünyada olduğu gibi Türkiye’de de domates yetiştiriciliğinde önemli kayıplara neden olmaktadır. Bu patojene karşı; yapılan kültürel önlemler ve kimyasal mücadele yöntemlerinin yetersiz olduğu bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmada, toplam 1150 potansiyel antagonist bakteri izolatı patojene karşı antibakteriyel aktivitesi için Petri denemelerinde test edilmiştir. Etkili bulunan toplam 48 izolatın bazı biyokimyasal özellikleri, ürettikleri metabolitleri, enzim aktiviteleri belirlenmiş; sıvı besi ortamında geliştirilen bu izolatların saksı denemelerinde hastalığı engelleme oranları tespit edilmiştir. Test edilen tüm izolatların hastalığın gelişimini % 6.5 ile 93.4 oranında engellediği tespit edilmiştir. Hastalığı engelleme oranına göre en yüksek etkiyi Bacillus megaterium TV-49A (%93.4) ve B. cereus TV-85D (%86.9) bakteri izolatları göstermiştir. Bu iki izolatın ACC, indol asetik asit, salisilik asit üretimi ve fosfatı çözebilme özelliğinin yüksek olduğu; lipaz, amilaz, proteaz, liziz dekarboksilaz, fitaz ve kitinaz enzim üretimi sonuçlarının pozitif olduğu belirlenmiştir.
Hemşirelerin Sağlıkta Kadercilik İnancı ve Epilepsiye Yönelik Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: Bingöl Nuray , Yıldız Esra , Yağcı Karamanlı Hatice , Üstündağ Şuheda
Published: June 2024

Amaç: Sağlık çalışanlarının epilepsili bireylere karşı önyargılı tutumları, olumsuz yaklaşım ve davranışlar sergilemeleri bu bireylerin ciddi sıkıntılar yaşamasına sebep olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma hemşirelerin epilepsiye bakışı ve epilepsisi olan kişilere yönelik tutumlarını değerlendirmek amacı ile yapılmıştır.
Yöntem: Araştırma Nisan 2021-Ocak 2022 tarihleri arasında Atatürk Üniversitesi Araştırma Hastanesinde yapılmıştır. Araştırmaya dahili klinik birimlerde çalışan 180 hemşire arasından gönüllü olan 138 kişi dahil edilmiştir. Çalışma verileri 11 sorudan oluşan “Demografik Anket Formu”, 17 sorudan oluşan “Sağlıkta Kadercilik Ölçeği” ve 14 sorudan oluşan “Epilepsi Tutum Ölçeği” kullanılarak online olarak toplanmıştır. Verilerin analizi için SPSS 21.0 programı kullanılmıştır.
Bulgular: Araştırmaya dahil edilen 138 hemşireden 21-25 yaş arası olan hemşirelerin (n: 45) ve bekâr hemşirelerin (n:65) Epilepsi tutum ölçeği puan ortalamaları diğer gruplara göre anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur (p
ЦИФРОВІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ ЯК ФАКТОР ВДОСКОНАЛЕННЯ ПІДГОТОВКИ МАЙБУТНІХ ТРЕНЕРІВ З ЄДИНОБОРСТВ
Authors: Петренко Юлія , Алексєнко Яна , Петренко Юрій , Єфременко Андрій
Published: June 2024

Мета: визначити напрямки вдосконалення підготовки майбутніх тренерів з єдиноборств шляхом цифровізації навчального процесу. Матеріал і методи. Проведено теоретичний аналіз даних науково-методичної літератури з проблеми: розвитку цифрової компетентності учасників освітнього процесу сфери фізичної культури та спорту; впровадження цифрових технологій в навчальний та тренувальний процес; використання інноваційних технологій в підготовці єдиноборців. Результати. Встановлено, що сьогодні цифрова компетентність є визначальним фактором якісного перетворення системи підготовки майбутніх тренерів у закладах освіти. Цифровізація освітньої галузі сприяє активному формуванню цифрової компетентності майбутніх тренерів з єдиноборств протягом періоду навчання у закладі освіти. Однак наразі оцінки щодо можливостей перетворення традиційної системи підготовки тренерів з єдиноборств не є однозначними, зважаючи на складність викладачами вибору та опанування цифрових технологій, а також створення завдяки їм переваг у навчання. Відтак, наразі актуальним є напрямок формування цифрової компетентності учасників навчального процесу через швидке опанування та адаптацію інноваційних цифрових засобів до освітніх та тренувальних потреб. Проблемними питаннями у процесі підготовки майбутніх тренерів із використанням цифрових технологій залишається доцільність щодо впровадження конкретних засобів у різні формати навчання (традиційний та дистанційний), вартість та доступність для всіх учасників освітнього процесу. Також важливим питанням залишається розробка стратегій опанування цифрових засобів викладачами та здобувачами освіти. Відтак, їх впровадження у процес фахової підготовки майбутніх тренерів з єдиноборств має відбуватися поступово і лише у випадку встановлення беззаперечної користі для освітнього процесу порівняно з традиційним форматом навчання. Висновки. Таким чином, цифрові технології мають перспективу стати рушієм якісних змін у процесі підготовки майбутніх тренерів з єдиноборств. Незважаючи на активний пошук можливостей цифровізації сфери фізичної культури та спорту, залишаться актуальними проблеми щодо побудови ефективних програм фахової підготовки майбутніх тренерів: потреба оперативного розвитку цифрової компетентності; переваги традиційного формату рухового навчання порівняно з дистанційним із використанням цифрових технологій; ілюзорність переваг окремих технологій для навчання тренерів; доступність та коштовність впровадження цифрових технологій в навчальний процес. Окреслені проблемні питання формують запити щодо структурування процесу розвитку цифрової компетентності сучасних фахівців із фізичного виховання та спорту. В подальшому передбачається розробка сучасних навчальних та тренувальних програм для гібридного формату навчання майбутніх тренерів з єдиноборств з урахуванням можливостей використання цифрових технологій.
The Educational Potential of the Dispute in the Personal Development of Older Preschool Children
Authors: Alekseev Sergey
Published: June 2024

The article examines the educational potential of the dispute in the personal development of older preschool children. The skillful organization of the cognitive debate attracts the attention of pupils to different points of view on a particular issue, encourages understanding and judgment of a particular phenomenon, substantiating their point of view. It is noted that the potential of the dispute in the personal development of older preschool children is based on a consciously organized dialogue and represents a search for an independent solution to the issue in a dispute by comparing different points of view.
The Problem of the Kalmyks’ Military Service in the Context of the Reform of the Red Army in the 1920s
Authors: Maksimov Konstantin
Published: June 2024

For the first time on the basis of archival materials, the article examines the issue of attracting Kalmyks to active military service in the 1920s as part of the Red Army units. From the middle of the 17th and almost to the end of the 18th century. Kalmyks participated in all the wars of Russia in their national military units as part of the Russian army, then - in the Patriotic War of 1812, the Civil War of 1918-1920. Therefore, with the creation of the Red Army on the basis of compulsory military service of citizens of Soviet Russia, difficulties arose with the recruitment of Kalmyks for military service due to low literacy and the language barrier, although their fighting qualities were not in doubt. The problems of conscription of Kalmyks for active military service were solved during the reform of the Red Army in the 1920s, which coincided with the economic, socio-political, cultural development of the Kalmyk Autonomous Region.
Factory Inspection in the Russian Empire
Authors: Volkov Vyacheslav , Shkodinsky Sergey
Published: June 2024

Based on the problem-chronological research method, the article shows the reasons, conditions and characteristic features of the formation and development of factory inspection in Russia in the late 19th - early 20th century. The authors examine in detail the complexities of the bureaucratic procedure for drafting labor legislation documents related to the formation of a factory inspection, and their consideration in state commissions. Much attention is paid to the law enforcement practice of the law, which introduced the institute of factory inspection in the Russian industry. The Russian factory inspection underwent a serious transformation at the end of the 19th century. The authors of the article have shown in detail the essence, content and direction of this process. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that the factory inspection of the Russian Empire by the beginning of the twentieth century was a specific body of state regulation of production processes and relations, which had a wide range of tasks with narrow legal powers.
Islamic communities of North Ossetia and Soviet administrative structures: specifics of relationships in 1920—1991
Authors: Kolesnikov Ilya , Kasparyan Konstantin , Mukhortova Tatyana , Shevchenko Elena
Published: June 2024

The article is devoted to bilateral relations between the Soviet authorities and the Muslim communities of North Ossetia in the late 1910s - early 1990s. The authors investigate the characteristic features of the interaction and confrontation between the Soviet administrative structures and the North Ossetian Islamic community in the period under the study and consider the specifics of the development of the Muslim religion on the territory of North Ossetia - the only republic of the North Caucasus in which Islam is not the dominant religion.
Working memory and prior vocabulary knowledge in incidental vocabulary learning from listening, reading, reading-while-listening, and viewing captioned videos
Authors: Teng Mark Feng
Published: June 2024

This study explores how certain input modes (i.e., listening, reading, reading while listening, andviewing captioned videos) affect incidental vocabulary learning in a foreign language context. Italso examines the roles of learners’ prior vocabulary knowledge and working memory in incidentalvocabulary learning using the examined input modes. A total of 150 EFL students at aChinese university were randomly and equally assigned to the four input modes, as well as acontrol group only took tests. Forty-eight words were chosen as target words. Participants eitherlistened, read, read while listening to, or watched transcripts during viewing a documentaryvideo. Incidental vocabulary learning outcomes were assessed through a two-part vocabulary test(i.e., form and meaning recognition). Mixed effects model results showed that incidental learningand retention of form and meaning recognition were superior under the caption-viewing conditionfollowed by the reading-while-listening, reading, and listening conditions. Findings alsorevealed that prior vocabulary knowledge and working memory play distinct roles in incidentallearning and retention of form and meaning recognition for each input mode. Relevant implicationsfor vocabulary instruction are provided.
Correlation between wealth, love and the number of children.
Authors: Lackorzyńska Dominika
Published: June 2024

The aim of the study was to check the correlation between wealth, love and the number of children. The study, which was carried out using the simplest tools, i.e. Google Forms, proved that there is a correlation between wealth and the number of children in Polish society. However, it does not indicate a correlation between love and wealth. The study included the Sternberg Three-Factor Theory of Love Questionnaire and a self-report question regarding wealth. A total of 110 people took part in the study.
Manipulating and Measuring Variation in Deep Neural Network (DNN) Representations of Objects
Authors: Chow Jason Kah-Jun , Palmeri Thomas
Published: June 2024

We explore how DNNs can be used to develop a computational understanding of individual differences in high-level visual cognition given their ability to generate rich meaningful object representations informed by their architecture, experience, and training protocols. As a first step to quantifying individual differences in DNN representations, we systematically explored the robustness of a variety of representational similarity measures: Representational Similarity Analysis (RSA), Centered Kernel Alignment (CKA), and Projection-Weighted Canonical Correlation Analysis (PWCCA), with an eye to how these measures are used in cognitive science, cognitive neuroscience, and vision science. To manipulate object representations, we next created a large set of models varying in random initial weights and random training image order, training image frequencies, training category frequencies, and model size and architecture and measured the representational variation caused by each manipulation. We examined both small (All-CNN-C) and commonly-used large (VGG and ResNet) DNN architectures. To provide a comparison for the magnitude of representational differences, we established a baseline based on the representational variation caused by image-augmentation techniques used to train those DNNs. We found that variation in model randomization and model size never exceeded baseline. By contrast, differences in training image frequency and training category frequencies caused representational variation that exceeded baseline, with training category frequency manipulations exceeding baseline earlier in the networks. These findings provide insights into the magnitude of representational variations that can be expected with a range of manipulations and provide a springboard for further exploration of systematic model variations aimed at modeling individual differences in high-level visual cognition.
Exploring the Meaning of Pidgin English on Social Media: A Sociolinguistic Analysis of Nigerian Pidgin Hashtags as Adapted Speech
Authors: Adebayo Mosunmola Oluyinka
Published: June 2024

This study investigates the use of Pidginised English in social media, with a specific focus on Nigerian Pidgin hashtags. The significance of this study lies in its contribution to the knowledge and understanding of Nigerian Pidgin English hashtags on social media. The findings expand our understanding of the sociolinguistic dynamics, cultural expressions, linguistic features, and communicative impact of Pidgin English in the digital era, thereby enriching our knowledge of language variation and communication practices in the online space. Forty Pidginised hashtags on social media constitute the data, including surveys, and interviews. The study analyses the meanings of the hashtags within the Nigerian Pidgin context, the linguistic factors that necessitated their use, as well as the sociolinguistic and cultural implications of the use of Nigerian Pidgin hashtags. The study adopts the Variationist Sociolinguistics theory to analyse the data. The findings suggest that pidginised English in social media is a reflection of linguistic diversity and cultural identity, but also serves as a means of social commentary and political critique. This study contributes to the understanding of language use in digital spaces and highlights the impacts of the use of hashtags on social media platforms to promote linguistic and cultural diversity.
Gender Bias and Stereotyping in Portrayals of Female Physicists: An International Analysis from 2019-2022
Authors: Porandla Rishika
Published: June 2024

This research quantifies the presence of pervasive gender biases and discriminatory depictions within the field of physics through the analysis of media representations. Utilizing a dataset spanning 2019-2022 in Mali, India, Peru, and Singapore, the study employs natural language processing techniques to identify instances of biased language, particularly indicative of assumptions of biological determinism (BD) and childhood socialization (CS). Findings reveal more pronounced BD/CS-insinuating diction in lower HDI regions, ranging from 21% in Mali to 0.8% in Singapore. Female physicist representation in academic literature averaged 11.9%, with first authorship rates varying from 0.2% in Mali to 23.2% in Singapore. Negative depictions persisted despite a 27% increase in references to female physicists, highlighting the need for targeted interventions to counteract prejudice and foster inclusive environments within the physics community in order to promote gender equity and harness diverse perspectives in advancing research, development, and scientific innovation.
Developing an occupational prestige scale using Large Language Models
Authors: de Vries Robert , Hill Mark , Ruis Laura
Published: June 2024

Large Language Models (LLMs), being trained on large fractions of all online text, reflect societal biases and stereotypes – such as racial and gender biases. In this paper, we propose a method of using such models to capture societal perceptions of occupational prestige. We create four occupational prestige scales using this method, with each tapping a difference facet of prestige perceptions. These scales are validated against existing prestige scales based on human data. We conclude that it is possible to create valid measures of occupational prestige by prompting commercially available LLMs – though with some important limitations. Implications for future social stratification research are discussed.
Suicide in South Asia: a narrative review
Authors: Joshi Devavrat , Regmi Sushant , Sharma Pawan
Published: June 2024

Suicide is a major public health issue globally as well as in the South Asian region. The figures of suicide death are compelling but the attention this issue receives is relatively less in this region. The epidemiologic characteristics and recent trends in suicide in South Asia reflects specific sociocultural situations and economic transitions in the region. The challenges in getting an exact magnitude, cultural influences, religious sanctions, stigmatization and socio-economic factors are the major dimensions that this problem needs to be looked into. Though there have been efforts on decreasing suicide rates, most of them are uncoordinated, underresourced, and generally unevaluated. In this narrative review we aim to present the different dimensions and challenges of suicide prevention in South Asian context and provide few recommendations that would be helpful in suicide prevention.
Appropriateness of the Excercises Used in the Stories from Grade Ten Text Book of Nepali Language
Authors: Baral Madanraj
Published: June 2024

Available with the full text
Spot Urine Protein Creatinine Ratio in Comparison to 24-Hour Urinary Protein for Detection of Proteinuria in Type 2 Diabetic Patients
Authors: Paudel Govinda Akela , Kunwar Saroj , Shakya Shrijan , Shakya Rasana , Baral Arbin , Shrestha Kailash
Published: June 2024

Introduction: Diabetic nephropathy is a disease in which both glucose and protein appears in urine and is characterized by progressive renal damage due to the long-term hyperglycemia affecting the glomerulus and ultimately degrading the filtrating ability of the kidney. Determination of 24-hour urine protein excretion is simple and inoffensive method and is considered to be a gold-standard one. The method is time consuming, tiresome, and imprecise due to collection error. Random urine sample for protein creatinine ratio (PCR) would be more acceptable and less time consuming. Therefore, the present study was carried to compare the efficacy of spot urinary PCR with the 24-hour urinary protein in type 2 diabetic patients.Materials and Methods: A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted and total of 66 participants were recruited from department of internal medicine, Star Hospital, Lalitpur, Nepal. Urine samples were analyzed for protein and creatinine by pyrogallol red method and modified Jaffe’s reaction. 24-hour urinary protein (24 HUP) was used as a goldstandard method and was compared with spot PCR.Results: The finding from study depicts strong correlation between spot protein creatinine ratio and 24-hour urinary protein (r=0.63, p= 0.001). A PCR <0.37 ruled out significant proteinuria (>300mg/day) with sensitivity and specificity of 84.4% and 100%, respectively. Similarly, PCR value at cut off of 0.9 had sensitivity (86%) and specificity (71%) for detection of severe proteinuria (>5000mg/day).Conclusion: A strong correlation between spot PCR and 24-hour urine protein was obtained. The present study suggests that random urine PCR can be reasonable alternative to predict the amount of 24-hour urine protein excretion with high accuracy.
Consequences of Ecotourism in Nepal
Authors: Acharya Suresh
Published: June 2024

Ecotourism focuses on ecological resource, environmental conservation, community development and economic development by maintaining low-impact and non-consumptive use of local resources. Various forms of ecotourism have emerged globally, including community-based ecotourism, ecosystem ecotourism, cultural ecotourism, nature-based ecotourism, protected area ecotourism, and rural ecotourism. Ecotourism, which prioritizes the conservation of natural resources, biodiversity, and the sustainability of ecosystems, yields more positive impacts on the environment, society, and culture than negative ones. It fosters social cohesion and mobility, strengthens traditional cultures and hospitality, and mitigates political conflicts. Economically, it generates direct employment in hospitality sectors like hotels, lodges, and tourist restaurants, playing a crucial role in the development strategies of many nations, particularly those in the process of development. For instance, in Nepal, ecotourism contributes significantly to enhancing forest cover, biodiversity, and other environmental benefits such as alternative energy sources. Moreover, it plays a pivotal role in poverty alleviation, rural development, agricultural transformation, community enrichment, and empowering women. However, during the initial stages of ecotourism development, challenges may arise in engaging adequate private agencies and local communities in providing accommodations, food services, tour management, and other tourism activities, especially during peak visitation periods. This study focused to the study of ecotourism in Nepal and its impacts on different sectors of the Nepalese society.
Teachers' Motivation in Private Schools of Nepal (A study of Kathmandu Metropolitan City Ward Number-16)
Authors: K.C. Arjun
Published: June 2024

Motivation is the process that activates, guides, and maintains goal-directed behaviors. When it comes to motivating people to do their best in service of the organization it is fundamental. This paper explored the factors that are likely able to demonstrate the motivation expansion of teachers’ motivation. In relation to organizational performance, motivation is known to have an extensive history with a wide literature detailing discussions and studies. This study uses a combination of explorative and descriptive designs to explore teacher motivation in private schools. The data were collected through questionnaires and content analysis. The results indicate that motivational issues and other incentives have an effect on teacher motivation among private schools. When teachers are offered a competitive salary, a workplace that is pleasant, an element of autonomy, leading to basic recognition through bonuses, this is turning the work of teachers into a source of well-being. It is recommended that enlarging and updating these incentive packages for future satisfaction by teachers.
Classical Tradition of Social Theory
Authors: Chapagai Shreejana
Published: June 2024

This paper based on classical social theories, to study of conceptual from in a society. The idea of science and society are discussed in this paper. The comet's views scientific vision of sociology and heavenly vision of sociology. In a society, classical theories are Karl Marx, Emile Durkheim and Max Weber’s. Karl Marx emphases, revolutionary science and Das capital. The logic of social revolutions. Emile Durkheim to focus on promise of sociology which describe liberal vision of history and modernity. His great theory to discuss suicide in community. It deals with science, truth and moral hope. Another theory Max Weber which deals against the Marx and discussion the bureaucratic system in a society. He explaining western modernity and the irony of history and charisma with bureaucracy the modern dream turned nightmare.
Culture & Civilization of Kaski State in the History of Nepal
Authors: Adhikari Bam Bahadur
Published: June 2024

Ruled under the Lichchhavi regime in a historical period, fallen into Khasian Malla Dynasty's regime of Karnali Province in the raising period of triple power and incorporated within great Nepal Kingdom after unification of Nepal, Kaski state was most liked in the Rana regime period. Geographically being triangular shaped, decorated with snow peaks, lakes, forts-fortress, rivers and rivulets, caves-falls, bridges and interior Seti basin, Pokhara valley is also the second largest metropolitan city next to Kathmandu. Majority population of Gurung, Brahmin and Kshetri castes and Kulmandan Shah and his descents independently ruled from Kaskikot until about 318 years during 1542 to 1842 BS (1667 to 1785 AD). Successors of his dynasty ruled in Lamjung approximately 300 years since 1550 to 1842 BS (1493-1785 AD). In the medieval feudal age, war and warfare tactic was mostly discussed among the people whereas discussions and debates are mainly focused on the sectors of democracy, freedom, development and tourism development in the modern age. Kaski district is worldwide famous in the name of beautiful Pokhara Valley in the viewpoint of tourism. Pokhara Valley, situated as a second important and large city next to the Kathmandu Valley, also is zonal headquarters of Gandaki Zone consisting of 6 districts and also the Province Headquarters of No. 04 Gandaki Province. 'Pokhara Metropolitan City' is a famous and golden name of the bright star, one of the 77 districts of 14 zones of 5 development region of the country. Pokhara is also the headquarters of western development region and also the district headquarters of Kaski district. Kaski district is situated in the range of 450–7969 meters above from the sea level whereas Pokhara city remains up to 750 meter above from the sea level. The most rain falling area Lumle of Kaski district is renowned as 'Cherapunji' of Nepal. Situated in the east, Parbat district in the west, Mustang in the north and Syanja district remains in the south of Kaski district. Countless lakes, series of caves, Kumari Himal, George of Seti, Patale falls, covered by varieties of green vegetated lands and decorated by snow crown, extremely raining, multi harvestable climate, Kaski can also be regarded as a non-famine district. Despite of limitless rainfall, Kaski is famous for geographical and natural characteristics of free of flood blockade and evergreen area.
Analyzing Women Issues in the second Constituent Assembly Elections (CAE) in Nepal
Authors: Guragain Govinda Prasad
Published: June 2024

This research explores the status of women based primarily on the Constituent Assembly Election (CAE). It provides a framework for future policy and decision-making during national elections to enhance women's empowerment through the electoral system, ensuring their political representation based on democratic principles. The article examines the portrayal of women in Nepali politics by the media from September to December 2013, focusing on the coverage related to the second CA elections. The study employs a qualitative explanatory analysis to argue that the failure of the first CAE to draft a new constitution led to a second CAE within five years. The topic of inclusion, particularly the representation of women, was hotly debated in both elections. While the first CAE was lauded for its inclusiveness, the second one fell short, with fewer women candidates and even fewer winners. The article also delves into the reasons behind the unequal representation of women in the CAE, their issues and demands, and concludes with an overall assessment of the situation.
Kajian Perspektif Masyarakat Terhadap Transportasi Publik
Authors: Widhiastuti Rahayu , Syafriadi Syafriadi , Arena Azza
Published: June 2024

The Indonesian government's policy of increasing the price of fuel oil (BBM) in 2022 had a significant impact on people's lives. The city of Pontianak is one of those affected. As a city with more than 422,429 active drivers, the increase in fuel prices affects spending on daily mobility. Several cities in Indonesia have implemented public transportation facilities that are running well. However, research related to public transportation in the city of Pontianak is still minimal. This study aims to examine the perspective of people in Pontianak city on public transportation regarding the increase in fuel prices. The data collection method used a questionnaire survey with a purposive sampling technique. The survey results were analyzed by looking at the relationship between the mean value and standard deviation. Correlation analysis between several variables was conducted in this study. The study found the inconsistency of public perceptions about public transportation in Pontianak. These results showed the negative correlation in the analysis result between variables regarding opinions related to saving mobilization costs and responses about the urgency of public transportation
Model Kompetensi Kepemimpinan pada Institusi Pendidikan Menengah Vokasi di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat
Authors: Nurmala Nurmala
Published: June 2024

Leadership in an organization is the ability to deal with certain situations efficiently and effectively in influencing and controlling others in a way that leads to the achievement of organizational goals. Leadership in educational institutions, especially vocational secondary education, must be able to promote and stimulate creativity and prepare a cadre of quality teachers and students who can carry out intellectual production characterized by novelty and diversity, which can fully contribute to society. This has not been reflected in leadership practices in the vocational secondary education environment in West Kalimantan Province, which is indicated by differences in views so that some school principals implement leadership competencies with high professionalism, while others demonstrate weak leadership practices. Among these practices are a weak ability to build teams and collaborate, a weak ability to communicate, a weak ability to adapt, and a weak ability to motivate. This can be expected to be the result of the Principal being too focused on routine school work, including administrative tasks. This situation prompted research to be conducted to obtain theoretical and practical information about the leadership competency model applied in vocational secondary education institutions in West Kalimantan Province. The research was carried out using the path analysis method involving 55 respondents. The research results show that the leadership competency model in vocational secondary education institutions in West Kalimantan Province involves four main elements consisting of the ability to build teams and collaborate, the ability to communicate, the ability to adapt, and the ability to motivate. Communication skills, adaptability, and the ability to motivate simultaneously contribute 43.5% to the ability to build teams and collaborate. Other results from this research found that communication skills have a positive effect on the ability to build teams and collaborate with the Sig value. < 0.05. The implication of the results of this research is the need to increase the effectiveness of the communication skills of leaders in the vocational secondary education environment in West Kalimantan Province. Another implication of the results of this research is the need for further research to be carried out in the future to find other variables that were not examined in this research.