bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Dutch Reformed Church (1974–2024): From Dancing with the Devil to Waltzing to Heavenly Music
Authors: Van der Merwe Johan
Published: September 2024

The jubilee celebration of Studia Historiae Ecclesiasticae (SHE) reminds church historians of important events that have taken place during the past 50 years. This article gives an overview of important events that took place in the history of the Dutch Reformed Church (DRC). Being the largest white Afrikaans-speaking church and the church which biblically supported the political policy of apartheid, the history of Christianity in South Africa cannot be understood without taking note of the DRC’s journey. For the DRC, 1974 was an important turning point in its history as the policy document Ras, Volk en Nasie en Volkereverhoudinge in die Lig van die Skrif (hereinafter Ras, Volk en Nasie) was approved by the General Synod of the DRC. This document explained how the church motivated apartheid from a biblical point of view. It was – metaphorically speaking – the official start of the DRC’s dance with the devil. During the past 50 years, the DRC has taken important decisions that ended its dance with the devil and started a new dance, waltzing to heavenly music. This happened when the church decided to take a new road to reconciliation which was the primary goal. The article revisits Ras, Volk en Nasie, but also some of the important milestones along the road to reconciliation. It concludes with an example of how a congregation of the former apartheid church succeeded in making a difference in the local community. This confirms the fact that the dance with the devil has indeed ended and that many congregations of the church are now waltzing to heavenly music.
Applying Clinical Practice Guidelines on Chronic Headaches, Neck Pain, and Chest Symptoms: A Single Case Report
Authors: Breidenbach Frederic , McClure Philip W.
Published: September 2024

BACKGROUND: Neck pain and headaches are common conditions in physical therapy practice. Clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) are forms of evidence designed to decrease practice variability and guide care. CPG recommendations are general, with few specific tactics recommended, which could be a factor in their limited adoption and poor application. This case report demonstrates an example of implementing the Academy of Orthopedic Physical Therapy Neck Pain Revision CPG while also highlighting limitations and areas lacking specificity.

CASE PRESENTATION: The patient was a 37-year-old female with neck pain, chest pain, and headaches. She was treated following the recommendations within the Academy of Orthopedic Physical Therapy CPG along with psychologically informed practice. The Neck Disability Index (NDI), Patient-Specific Functional Scale, Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire, symptoms, and impairments were measured at evaluation, discharge, and 2 months post discharge.

OUTCOMES: Clinically meaningful improvements in NDI and Patient-Specific Functional Scale scores, improved cervical endurance, scapular strength, and cervical motor control were observed at discharge. Additional improvements in NDI scores were seen at 2 months post discharge.

DISCUSSION: While the CPG promotes the use of manual therapy, exercise, and general screening, the authors demonstrate specific techniques for identifying and managing fear-avoidance behavior with cognitive and graded exposure techniques. JOSPT Cases 2024;4(4):159-166. Epub 18 September 2024. doi:10.2519/josptcases.2024.0025
Базовые этнические модели в формульных выражениях бурят
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies of the SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Dampilova L.S.
Published: September 2024

In the question of identity, the folklore text is one of the main markers of an ethnic group. The main task of the work is to identify the semantics of traditional short figurative expressions with archaic and ethnically special meanings of words preserved in the colloquial everyday speech of the Buryats. The source base consists of long-term field records of the author of the paper. Dictionaries and published collections of Buryat paroemias are used for comparison. For the first time, narrow-local dialect figurative expressions are analyzed, which are not reflected in the publications on the folklore of the Buryats. To preserve the diversity of the Buryat language’s vocabulary, it is important to decipher the semantics of forgotten formulaic expressions. The basic ethnic models in figurative stereotypes associated with the form of management of nomadic peoples, the inner world of man, and the tribal composition of the Barguzin Buryats are revealed. Archaic phraseological units remained in everyday speech as basic models of thinking of a certain ethnic group. From the point of view of stylistic coloring, these figurative expressions are actively used in ordinary colloquial speech, giving speech expressiveness and pithiness. The author determines semantics of stable statements in which historical, biographical, and everyday details closely related to the lifestyle of the Buryats are encoded. It is revealed that expressions about the tribal composition of the Buryats are associated with ritual actions accompanied by mythological legends. The functions of the main types of tropes, such as comparison, metaphor, epithet, irony, are defined in phraseological units, and the function of irony as a stylistic technique is noted.
Научное издание эпоса в бурятской фольклористике: новая книга улигеров
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Kuz'mina E.N.
Published: September 2024

Translating national folklore texts into Russian is an integral part of modern traditional practice. Texts that are not translated miss out on the opportunity to reach a wide audience and cannot make a substantial impact in the realm of science. It is essential to accurately express the allegorical significance of myths in translations included in scientific publications. Of crucial importance are comments that provide explanations of ethnographic and linguistic features, which may need to be clarified to non-native readers. Buryat scholars have gained valuable experience in this area. The heroic tales of the Buryats recorded by Ts. Zh. Zhamtsarano, the prominent scholar and collector, were published by him in the Buryat language. The stories were republished in renowned academic series, such as “The Epic of the Peoples of Eurasia” and “Monuments of Folklore of the Peoples of Siberia and the Far East,” with a renewed comprehension of the content and incorporating the advancements in Buryat epic editing and publishing domain. The book “The Buryat Heroic Epic” by N. N. Nikolaeva has been meticulously prepared to meet contemporary standards for translation, commentary, and the compilation of scholarly reference material. The book is notable for its elevated scientific standard, exemplified by the excellent translations of the tales into Russian and the inclusion of detailed comments. Nevertheless, the translator has not fully accomplished the task of always keeping in mind the poetic conventions (loci communes) in this specific text.
Полевые исследования чулымско-тюркского языка: история и экспедиции 2023 г.
Authors:   Tomsk State Pedagogical University, Tomsk, Russia, Lemskaya V.M. , Tokmashev D.M. , Zimin M.M. , Kuzmina A.I.
Published: September 2024

The article discusses the fieldwork studies of the Chulym-Turkic language, a moribund idiom in the Tomsk Region and the Krasnoyarsk Territory in Russia. The systemic research was started by Professor A. P. Dulzon in the mid-1940s and initially focused on the Lower Chulym dialect, with note-taking serving the main form of language documentation till the 1970s. In the 21st century audio recordings were made from its last speaker whose passing in 2011 marked the extinction of the whole dialect. Since the 1970s, the focus shifted to the Middle Chulym dialect. Scholars from various institutions, including the Tomsk Linguistic School, as well as scholars from other scientific and educational centers of Moscow, Russia, Korea and the USA have been involved in the study. The Middle Chulym subdialects have been documented, with the data stored in platforms such as the Endangered Languages Archive and the “LingvoDoc” linguistic platform. The article reports the types and volume of the recorded materials, provides information on archive data, and discusses the published Chulym-Turkic language samples available on the internet. It also shares preliminary observation results from the latest fieldwork, including the identification of an ‘intermediary’ Middle Chulym subdialect. Finally, the article reflects on the current state of the Chulym-Turkic language and the proficiency of its native speakers, as well as projects aimed at raising awareness and supporting the language.
Кукла с золотыми глазами: об одном уникальном забайкальском сказочно-мифологическом сюжете в фольклоре местнорусских Монголии
Authors:   A. M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow, Russian Federation, Klyaus V.L.
Published: September 2024

The issue of uniqueness in folklore is of utmost methodological importance as it directly relates to the emergence and evolution of oral texts. There are two approaches to considering the uniqueness of a work. The first states that texts without analogs in terms of plot are not worth considering and can be ignored when studying folklore tradition. According to the second, such works are formed in a broad folklore-ethnographic context so that they may clarify the text-generating mechanisms of oral culture. This article addresses this problem by analyzing a specific material, a fairy-tale-mythological story about a doll with golden eyes. This text was recorded from descendants of Transbaikal Cossacks who moved to Mongolia in the 1920s, specifically from the Menzenskaya stanitsa. The author of the article conducted several expedition trips to the Menza River in the 1990s–2000s. Two settlements are located on the two banks of the river: Menza, where descendants of Cossacks live, and Ukyr, founded by Semeiski (Transbaikalian Old Believers). The expeditions revealed that the Trinity rituals were strongly preserved in this location. The tale under consideration is unique, with no similar ones found in East Slavic folklore prose. The only known reference to it can be found in a song from the Kaluga region, which was sung on Dukhov Day as part of the custom of creating ceremonial dolls. Based on this information, it can be suggested that the story was brought to the Menzenskaya stanitsa by the ancestors of the Cossacks who relocated here from the Kaluga-Smolensk borderland of European Russia.
Лексические особенности и функциональная роль парных слов в героических сказаниях тувинцев
Authors:   Institute for Linguistic Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint-Petersburg, Russia, Ondar M.V.
Published: September 2024

The main focus of the article is to analyze the lexical characteristics of paired words that can be observed in the texts of 38 heroic tales of Tuvans. It is worth mentioning that the lexical material observed in the Mongolian epic “Eriyn sayn Khan Harangui” bears resemblance to the subject matter being discussed. According to the research findings, it is evident that the texts of Tuvinian heroic tales frequently utilize paired words, with a significant number of cases involving synonyms or antonyms that are associated with a particular part of speech. Less common are pairs of words where one of the components has lost its independent lexical meaning. The categorization of the paired words in Tuvan tales has uncovered various parts of speech, including paired nouns, adjectives, verbs, adverbs, pronouns, numerals, and figurative and onomatopoeic words. It has been established that the Tuvan epic primarily makes use of paired words to amplify the meanings of actions, objects, and phenomena. Additionally, the use of paired words serves as a creative and visual technique, particularly aimed at amplifying the actions portrayed in epic narratives. To summarize, the inclusion of paired words in epic texts not only contributes to the gracefulness of the language but also serves as a testament to the vibrancy, genuineness, and abundance of the folk poetic expression
Модели предложений количества в кетском языке
Authors:   Institute of Philology, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Zhuravlev N.V.
Published: September 2024

The paper explores the modeling of existential-spatial elementary simple sentences (ESSs) in the Ket language, focusing on the expression of quantity. The syntax of the Ket language has not been previously analyzed in terms of ESS structure and semantics. This study opens prospects for a comparative analysis of ESSs in the Ket language with those in other languages of the areal. The data for the analysis were selected from published folklore and everyday texts. Fixed quantitative ESS models use numerals, quantifiers, and verbs for predicates, with the last type being non-isosemic. The peculiarities of isosemic predicates have been identified. The first is that numerative predicates in sentences quantifying people are used in combination with the word deˀŋ (people) or its analogs, with these combinations usually forming a compound. The second is that predicative combination of quantifiers òn (much) and qomat (little) with the predicative suffix of the third person plural of the masculine and feminine classes –aŋ which tends to become lexicalized and extended to function as the predicative indicator for third person plural in any class. The study revealed that nonisosemic predicates are verbs that signify the ideas of “something is sufficient” and “something is insufficient.” Quantity sentences can have different phasic variants, with quantificational-verbal predicates that allow for the incorporation of the quantifier into the phasic verb. While uncommon, quantifiers and numerals can be used attributively in quantity ESSs, adhering to the structural-semantic quantitative variants of other models. The paper provides the models of the sentences under consideration.
Бытийно-локативные предложения в корякском языке
Authors:   Institute of Philology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russian Federation, Cheprasova A.A.
Published: September 2024

There are three types of spatial models that differ by proposition. Static models refer to the unchanging state of the subject in space. Movement in space from one point to another is denoted by dynamic models. Intermediate models represent motion that cannot be easily categorized into either the first or second group. This article examines the existential-spatial models used in the Koryak language. The first category of static models encompasses existential-spatial models, which utilize verbs of existence to express their predicates. Adverbs, case markers, and suffixes convey the static meaning of the locative component in spatial models. The distinctive feature of the Koryak language lies in its location-indicating suffixes. Utilized in conjunction with the locative cases, these suffixes clarify the location of a subject. According to their semantics, existentialspatial models can be classified into three separate groups. These are as follows: existential models, existential-perceptual models, and locative models. Existential models indicate the presence of the subject in a particular location, while existential-perceptual models indicate the subject’s presence within the observer’s field of vision. Locative models refer to the localization of subjects in a specific point in space. While both the existential and locative models convey the same meaning, their differentiation arises from the placement of the subject and the locative component. An existential model is created when the subject is in the rheme position of the sentence, while a locative model is formed when the subject is in the theme position.
Развитие билингвизма в Республике Тыва: дихотомия ценностей прагматизма и идентичности
Authors:   Katanov Khakass State University, Abakan, Russia, Borgoiakova T.G. , Dongak Ch.B. ,   Tuvan State University, Kyzyl, Russia
Published: September 2024

The development of official bilingualism in the Republic of Tuva is considered in terms of the linguistic justice theory and the dichotomy of pragmatism-identity values. The specificity of the functionally first/functionally second language dichotomy in the Republic of Tuva is that is does not correlate with the conventional dichotomy of majority/minority languages. To conduct practical research, the authors collected data from the most recent population census in Russia, as well as conducted sociolinguistic surveys and interviews in the Republic of Tuva between 2020 and 2022. The study has revealed a clear pragmatic value of the Tuvan language in family, friendship, professional, and virtual communication to be closely correlated with the identity value. There are several tendencies to be noted. First, functioning as a second language for most Tuvan adults and serving as the primary language for the majority within the Russian Federation, the Russian language retains strong positions in the Tuvan-Russian bilingual space. Second, the diminishing influence of the titular languages in Russian republics’ education system amplifies the practical significance of the Russian language. Third, given the Russian language predominance in children’s entertainment content in the Internet space, one can observe a rapid shift towards Russian becoming the primary or sole language of communication among children, even in monoethnic rural areas like Tuvan. To conclude, the aforementioned trends have necessitated the implementation of a suitable regional language policy and planning tool, like the State Support Strategy for the Tuvan language, which was approved by the local government in 2023.
Образы движения в редупликатах бурятского языка
Authors:   Institute for Mongolian, Buddhist and Tibetan Studies SB RAS, Ulan-Ude, Russian Federation, Chimitdorzhieva G.N.
Published: September 2024

The reduplication phenomenon is not a common object of study in Buryat linguistics, nor is the nature of figurative words. However, figurative words in reduplicated form can be found in various languages. This article examines the reduplicated sound-symbolic words in the Buryat language that reflect the figurative charac-teristics of moving objects, focusing specifically on their structure and semantics. The author studied a selection of around 150 words taken from the Buryat-Russian dictionary. The morphonological analysis has identified productive and less productive types of reduplicates, as well as some isolated examples of other structural types. A few examples of divergent reduplication have been identified. This study specifies the issue of distinguishing between reduplicated words with divergent reduplication and paired words. Reduplicated figurative words denoting non-standard gait types provide integrated perceptual images. Their nomination is based on distinctive features of a denotate perceived mainly by sight. Of significance are the following parameters of the subject: physical characteristics, shape peculiarities, and movement style. Reduplicated terms primarily display visual deviations, portraying artificial, oscillatory, or unsteady movements. These movements involve unique gaits, like wide leg positioning, swaying, waddling, awkward walking, delicate steps, skipping, fluid strides, or confident swaggering. The process of reduplication plays a significant role in shaping the semantic meaning of figurative terms, establishing a correlation between the concepts of repetition and multiplicity. More precisely, it designates the qualities of subjects in motion and articulates the meaning of cyclical movement, numerous spatial shifts, and prolonged, repetitive actions.
THE CULTURAL COMPOSITION OF THE POPULATION AND RELATIVE PERIODIZATION OF DWELLINGS AT THE GALANKINA GORA SETLEMENT (BASED ON CERAMIC STUDIES)
Authors: Волкова Е.В.
Published: September 2024

В статье приводятся результаты анализа всего керамического комплекса поселения Галанкина Гора, включающего в себя выжумскую, балановскую, «валиковую» и смешанную керамику. Проведенное исследование керамики и анализ данных о планиграфии поселения позволили реконструировать культурный состав его населения и относительную периодизацию всех жилищ и построек.

The paper provides results of the studies related to the entire ceramic assemblage at the Galankina Gora settlement which includes Vyzhum, Balanovo, «reliefband» and mixed ceramics. This study of the ceramics and the analysis of the spatial structuring of the site offered a possibility to reconstruct the cultural composition of its population and relative periodization of all dwellings and constructions.
AN EARLY NOMAD FEMALE BURIAL WITH A SHAMAN ASSEMBLAGE OF THE 4th CENTURY BC IN THE SOUTHERN URALS
Authors: Сиротин С.В.
Published: September 2024

В статье публикуется погребальный комплекс эпохи ранних кочевников (IV в. до н. э.) с территории Южного Урала. Комплекс относится к особой группе женских погребений, связанных с культово-религиозной практикой древнего кочевого населения степной полосы Евразии. Погребальное сооружение было устроено в центральной части кургана предшествующей эпохи (середина II тыс. до н. э.). Рассматриваемое женское захоронение (№ 11) было совершено в могильной яме катакомбного типа. Обращает на себя внимание найденный инвентарь: каменный жертвенник-алтарик, бронзовое зеркало. Эти предметы традиционно считаются атрибутами женщин-жриц. Среди инвентаря впервые в степных комплексах эпохи раннего железного века найдены остатки шаманского бубна. В публикации дается анализ погребального обряда, сопроводительного инвентаря, а также хронология погребения.
THE ZELIKAKINSK SETLEMENT OF THE CAUCASIAN ALBANIA–SARMATIA PERIOD IN CASPIAN DAGESTAN
Authors: Бакушев М.А. , Абиев А.К. , Малашев В.Ю.
Published: September 2024

В статье приводятся результаты исследований Зеликакинского поселения. На его окраине были исследованы отложения мусорных слоев мощностью 2,3 м, утилизированных с территории постоянного проживания. Помимо этого, на участке могильника исследованы напластования культурного слоя, в который были впущены погребения. В керамической коллекции фиксируются два основных компонента: традиция Кавказской Албании и традиция памятников круга Андрейаульского городища. На основании полученных керамических материалов уточнена датировка памятника – II–V вв. н. э. – и его место в системе древностей Прикаспийского Дагестана албано-сарматского времени.

The paper describes results of the studies of the Zelikakinsk settlement. Midden deposit layers 2,3 m thick found at the edge of the settlement as domestic refuse and debris from the area occupied by settlement residents were excavated. In addition to that, strata of the occupation layer with secondary burials were examined in one section of the cemetery. Two components are observed in the ceramic collection, namely, the tradition of Caucasian Albania and the tradition of the sites similar to the Andrey-aul hillfort. Based on ceramic finds, the dating of the site (2nd–5th centuries) was specified and its place in the antiquity system of Caspian Dagestan during the Caucasian Albania–Sarmatia Period was clarified.
COMMERCIAL MARKS ON AMPHORAE FROM PHANAGORIA DATED TO THE THIRD QUARTER OF THE 6th – 4th CENTURIES BC
Authors: Завойкина Н.В.
Published: September 2024

В статье публикуются шесть граффити на амфорах третьей четв. VI – IV в. до н. э. из раскопок Фанагории. Граффити № 1 и 2 представляют особый интерес, поскольку вырезаны на сравнительно редком для Северного Причерноморья типе амфор «à la brosse» из Аттики. Граффито ΑΙΤ (№ 1) предположительно является сокращением имени владельца сосуда. Граффито ΙΣ (№ 2) встречается четыре раза в позднеархаическое время в Фанагории. Оно интерпретируется как маркировка имени владельца сосудов или хозяина посудной лавки. Имя владельца сосуда Павсаний процарапано на части тулова протофасоcской амфоры (№ 4). Граффити ΧΙ, Х, А на фрагментах хиосских амфор рассматриваются как торговые маркировки места производства вина (№ 4, 5) и, возможно, его сорта (№ 3).

The paper publishes six graffiti on the amphorae dated to the third quarter of the 6th – 4th centuries BC originating from the excavations in Phanagoria. Of special interest are graffiti No. 1 and No. 2 because they were scratched on à la brosse type of amphorae from Attica which is a relatively rare find in the North Pontic zone. Graffito ΑΙΤ (No. 1) is presumably an abbreviation of the vessel owner’s name. Graffito ΙΣ (No. 2) has been found four times on the vessels from the Late Archaic period in Phanagoria. It is interpreted as the marking of the vessel owner’s name or the owner of the shop where vessels were sold. The name of the shop’s owner who was called Pausanias was scratched on the body of a proto-Thasian amphora (No. 4). Graffiti ΧΙ, Х, А on the fragments of Chiosian amphorae are viewed as trade markings of the place where wine was produced (No. 4, 5) and, possibly, its type (No. 3).
FIELD SURVEYS IN THE VICINITIES OF KARA -TOBE HILLFORT (NORTH-WESTERN CRIMEA)
Authors: Внуков С.Ю. , Антонов Е.Е.
Published: September 2024

В 2015–2016 гг. в ходе детальных разведок в окрестностях городища Кара-Тобе были локализованы курганы и «селище Кара-Тобе», открытые П. Н. Шульцем в 1930-х гг. и впоследствии утерянные. Кроме того, сплошное картографирование подъемного материала позволило очертить площади античной усадьбы IV–III вв. до н. э. и поселения позднего бронзового века.

In 2015–2016 detailed field surveys were carried out in the vicinities of hillfort Kara-Tobe. As a result, there were identified kurgans and «the open settlement of Kara-Tobe». These sites were discovered by P. N. Schultz in the 1930-s, but later the information was lost. Besides, total mapping of surface finds let outline the area occupied by a farmstead of Classical period (IV–III cc. BC), and Late Bronze Age settlement.
THRUSTING SPEARHEADS FROM THE MESOLITHIC OF THE EASTERN EUROPE FOREST ZONE
Authors: Жилин М.Г.
Published: September 2024

Широкое распространение массивных гладких наконечников колющих копий в мезолите лесной зоны Восточной Европы и большое их количество на стоянках, давших представительные серии предметов вооружения из кости, указывает на большое значение и широкое применение колющих копий у мезолитических охотников лесной зоны от Прибалтики до Зауралья. Вместе с тем зубчатые массивные наконечники копий характерны для Верхнего Поволжья. Массивные гладкие наконечники колющих копий употреблялись на всем протяжении мезолита, с самого его начала и до самого конца, но наиболее многочисленны они на памятниках второй половины пребореального – первой половины бореального периода. Судя по следам использования, массивные колющие копья применялись для охоты на крупного зверя, в том числе для добивания поверженного зверя на земле, и являлись важной частью охотничьего вооружения. Единичные втульчатые наконечники копий из Ивановского 7 и Веретья 1, судя по тщательности отделки, богатой орнаментации и следам использования, были не повседневным охотничьим, а скорее церемониальным оружием.

A wide spread of large smooth thrusting spearheads from the Mesolithic of the Eastern Europe forest zone and their large quantities at the sites that yielded representative series of bone weapon items is an evidence of high importance and wide application of thrusting spears among Mesolithic hunters of the forest zone from the Baltics to the Trans-Urals region. At the same time, spearheads with a blade with denticulate edges are typical for the Upper Volga Region. Large smooth thrusting spearheads were used throughout the Mesolithic, from its beginning to the final stage; however, their largest number is found at the sites dated to the second half of the Pre-boreal – first half of the Boreal periods. Judging by the use traces, large thrusting spears were used to hunt large animals and also finish off mortally wounded animals and were an important part of hunting gear. Examination of carefully made finishing, rich ornamentation and use traces demonstrates that the socketed spearheads from Ivanovskoye 7 and Veretye, which are very rare finds, were, most likely, ceremonial weapons rather than everyday hunting weapons.
Фрагмент византийской каменной иконки из Старой Рязани
Authors: Артамкин А.Н. , Буланкина Е.В. , Стрикалов И.Ю. , Чернецов А.В.
Published: September 2024

Статья посвящена предварительной публикации фрагмента каменной иконки византийской работы, найденной в 2017 г. в Старой Рязани, на которой была представлена композиция «Сошествие во ад (Воскресение)». Это произведение мелкой пластики демонстрирует виртуозное владение техникой резьбы по камню; оно отмечено выдающимися художественными достоинствами. Находка может быть предположительно связана с носителями элитарных столичных традиций, оказавшимися на Руси после захвата Константинополя крестоносцами в 1204 г.

The paper is dedicated to a preliminary publication of a fragment of a Byzantine stone icon found in Staraya Ryazan in 2017 featuring the scene of The Descent into Hell (Resurrection). This work of portable art is an example of a virtuoso mastery of stone carving technique and has outstanding artistic merits. The find is, presumably, related to represenatives of traditions of the capital city elites who arrived in Russia after Constantinople had been captured by the crusaders in 1204.
Городские укрепления на склонах (новые данные по Ростиславлю Рязанскому)
Authors: Коваль В.Ю. , Русаков П.Е.
Published: September 2024

В ходе раскопок 2015–2016 гг. на городище Ростиславль удалось изучить край древо-земляной стены, поставленной непосредственно на склон площадки, обращенный к р. Оке. Ниже стены обнаружена выемка на склоне, которая могла являться остатками эскарпа (или рва?), созданного, возможно, в середине XIV в. при реконструкции и существенном усилении фортификации детинца Ростиславля.

The 2015–2016 excavations provided an opportunity to examine an edge of the timber and earth wall erected right on the slope of the site facing the Oka River. The excavations revealed a hole which probably represents remains of an escarp (or a moat), possibly, created in the middle of the 14th century when the fortification of the Rostislavl’ citadel was reconstructed and substantially reinforced.
РИСУНКИ-ГРАФФИТИ ХРИСТА-ИЕРЕЯ ИЗ НОВГОРОДСКОГО СОФИЙСКОГО СОБОРА
Authors: Медынцева А.А.
Published: September 2024

В статье рассматриваются два рисунка-граффити, изображающих редкий иконографический сюжет «Христос-иерей». Первый из них при первоначальной публикации правильно определен не был. Открытие недавнего времени этого же иконографического сюжета на внешней стене храма, сопровождающегося надписью, позволило определить и датировать оба сюжета и связать их со строительством и освящением храма Софии. Наличие двух дошедших до нас рисунков, один из которых отличается заметным профессионализмом, предполагает известную популярность этого образа и позволяет допустить изначальное существование его в храме Софии.

The paper examines two graffiti drawings depicting a rare iconographic motif of Jesus Christ as High priest. The first drawing was not determined correctly in the initialитpublication. The recent discovery of the same iconographic motif on the external wall of the cathedral and presence of an acompanying inscription helped determine and date both scenes and link them to construction and consecration of the St. Sophia Cathedral. Availability of these two surviving drawings, one of which was made with excellent workmanship, implies that this image was quite popular, which may potentially mean that this motif was present in the St. Sophia Cathedral.
Об антропологическом своеобразии людей, погребенных в некрополе Чудова монастыря (предварительное сообщение)
Authors: Коваль В.Ю. , Тарасова А.А. , Медникова М.Б. , Решетова И.К. , Добровольская М.В. , Васильева Е.Е. , Энговатова А.В.
Published: September 2024

Археологические работы, проводимые на территории Московского Кремля в 2016–2017 гг., открыли целый пласт новых археологических данных о многовековой истории центра столицы. Палеоантропологический источник добавляет независимую информацию и предоставляет уникальную возможность составить мнение об образе жизни, физическом облике, состоянии здоровья представителей высших слоев светского общества и церкви. Приводятся данные о краниологическом своеобразии группы из 26 мужских черепов из погребений Чудова монастыря. Первые краниологические наблюдения, полученные при обработке материалов из некрополя Чудова монастыря, позволяют подтвердить общие закономерности, которые ранее были описаны для краниологического своеобразия средневекового русского города. Не будет преувеличением отметить, что эти «городские особенности» представлены у людей из кремлевского некрополя в крайней степени выраженности. Также отметим, что обнаружено сходство между исследованной группой и сериями из некоторых московских кладбищ. По результатам проведенных ранее краниологических исследований материалы из городских некрополей составляют кластер на фоне средневекового населения сельской местности, который определялся, с одной стороны, общими процессами урбанизации, а с другой – влиянием более западных групп Восточной Европы.

Archaeological excavations carried out in the Moscow Kremlin in 2016–2017 revealed totally new archaeological data on centuries-long history of the capital city center. The value added of the palaeoanthropological source is independent information and provides a unique possibility for shaping ideas on lifestyle, physical appearance, health conditions of representatives of high social strata and clergy. The paper contains data on craniological characteristics of the group which includes 26 male skulls from burials in the Chudov Monastery. The first craniological observations obtained by examining human remains from the Chudov Monastery necropolis help confirm general patterns of craniological identity of a medieval Russian city described earlier. It would be no exaggeration to say that these ’urban characteristics’ are plainly visible in the examined individuals from the Kremlin necropolis. There is similarity between the group in question and series from other Moscow cemeteries. The results of the earlier craniological studies of human remains from urban necropoli form a cluster within the medieval rural population, which, on the one hand, was formed by general urbanization processes, and on the other hand, was influenced by groups of Eastern Europe living further in the west.
Переносная керамическая жаровня из Государева дворца в Новом Иерусалиме
Authors: Глазунова О.Н.
Published: September 2024

При археологическом изучении путевого царского дворца в Ново-Иерусалимском монастыре был выявлен обычный для Западной Европы, но практически не встречающийся в нашей стране предмет – переносная керамическая жаровня, что говорит о прямом знакомстве с европейским образом жизни и попытке повышения комфортабельности путем привнесения в быт достижений европейской индустрии.

Archaeological excavations of the Travelling Tsar Palace in the New Jerusalem Monastery revealed a portable ceramic brazier, which is a common utensil in Western Europe but a very rare find in our country, suggesting direct knowledge of European lifestyle and an attempt to improve the comfort of life by introducing achievements of European industry in everyday life.
НАСЕЛЕНИЕ ФАНАГОРИИ РИМСКОГО ВРЕМЕНИ: ОПЫТ ПАЛЕОДЕМОГРАФИЧЕСКОГО ИЗУЧЕНИЯ АНТРОПОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ ВОСТОЧНОГО НЕКРОПОЛЯ
Authors: Свиркина Н.Г. , Ворошилов А.Н. , Ворошилова О.М.
Published: September 2024

Вопросы о том, насколько было стратифицировано и структурировано общество такого крупного урбанистического центра, как Фанагория, остаются малопроясненными. В связи с этим актуальным становится проведение палеодемографического исследования. Систематический сбор антропологических материалов из Восточного некрополя города осуществляется с 2005 г. в рамках работы Фанагорийской археологической экспедиции ИА РАН. За последнее десятилетие собрано более 310 скелетов разной степени сохранности. Пол и/или возраст установлен у 302 индивидов. Как мужские определены 150 скелетов, 63 – как женские, 73 – детские и подростковые (0–14 лет), для 16 индивидов пол не установлен. Демографическая структура Фанагории, судя по материалам из Восточного некрополя, отличается некоторыми своеобразными чертами: высокие показатели продолжительности жизни; бытование специфических группировок (социальных? семейных?), предположительно связанных с военным ремеслом. Для выяснения причин демографической неоднородности городского социума римского времени необходимы дополнительные биоархеологические исследования.

There is little clarity on the extent to which society of a large urban center such as Phanagoria was stratified and structured. Therefore, paleodemographic research is quite relevant. The systematic collecting of human fossil remains from the Eastern necropolis of the city has been compiled since 2005 in the course of the excavations carried out by the Phanagorian archaeological expeditions of the Institute of Archaeology, RAS. Over the past decade more than 310 skeletons in various state of preservation have been collected. The age and sex have been determined for 302 individuals: 150 skeletons have been identified as male; 63 skeletons as female; and 73 skeletons belong to children and juveniles; sex has not been identified for 16 individuals. Based on the materials from the Eastern necropolis, the demographic structure of Phanagoria is marked by certain distinctive features such as long life expectancy and existence of specific groups (social? family?), supposedly, linked to warfare. To clarify reasons of demographic heterogeneity of urban society in the Roman period, further bioarchaeological studies are needed.
О применении радиологической микроскопии в диагностике палеопатологий
Authors: Медникова М.Б.
Published: September 2024

Микроскопическое изучение патологических проявлений в костной или зубной ткани людей прошлого, или палеогистопатология, – важный элемент в изучении состояния здоровья древнего населения, долгое время малодоступный для большинства исследователей из-за трудоемкой пробоподготовки и деструктивного характера методики. Данная публикация представляет результаты применения нового метода радиологической микроскопии в описании образцов из археологических раскопок. Благодаря прогрессу, достигнутому современной радиологией в области цифровой визуализации изображений, стало возможным работать с низкоконтрастными изображениями и с очень малыми объектами. В статье рассмотрены примеры патологических проявлений костной ткани у детей разных эпох. Благодаря применению недеструктивной микроскопии уточнен летальный диагноз ребенка XVI–XVII вв. из Ярославля, который скончался от инфекции. Также показано, что грудной младенец эпохи бронзы из Великента страдал от недостатка в рационе питания витаминов группы В или фолиевой кислоты. Радиологическая микроскопия – перспективный метод исследования, позволяющий изучать внутреннюю структуру объектов без их разрушения.

Microscopic examination of pathologic features in the bone or tooth tissue of fossil humans, or paleohistopathology, is an important element in studying health conditions of the prehistoric population, which was not an easily accessible method of research for most scholars because of the painstaking process of sample preparation and its destructive nature. This publication provides results of the new method of radiological microscopy applied to describe samples from archaeological excavations. Thanks to the progress achieved in digital visualization of images, it is now possible to examine low contrast images and very small objects. The paper explores examples of pathologic features in the bone tissues of children dated to various historical periods. The application of nondestructive microscopy helped specify a lethal diagnosis of a child who lived in Yaroslavl in the 16th–17th centuries and died of infection. Another example is an infant from Velikent who lived in the Bronze Age and suffered from a lack of B vitamins, or folic acid, in the diet. Radiological microscopy is a viable method of research enabling scholars to study the internal structure of objects without their destruction.
О времени появления финских грунтовых погребений на Нижней Оке
Authors: Грибов Н.Н.
Published: September 2024

В статье публикуются материалы двух наиболее ранних погребений Подвязьевского могильника. Рассмотренные комплексы в хронологическом и культурном плане соответствуют кругу погребений кошибеевского этапа рязано-окских погребальных памятников, что создает предпосылку для более целостного видения истории освоения финнами берегов Нижней и Средней Оки. В обоих этих районах появление обряда грунтовых погребений происходит, вероятно, в одно и то же время – в середине – второй половине III в. н. э.

The paper reports on the materials from the two earliest burials in the Podvyaz’e burial ground. Chronologically and culturally, the examined assemblages refer to a group of burials of the Koshibeevo stage of the Ryazan-Oka cemeteries and provide an opportunity to have a more holistic picture of the history regarding the F inns’ occupation of the lower and middle reaches of the Oka River. In both regions the ritual of ground burials emerged, most likely, in the same period, i. e. the middle – the second half of the 3rd c. BC.
РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРТНОЙ ОЦЕНКИ НАУЧНОЙ ЗНАЧИМОСТИ ОСТЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ КОЛЛЕКЦИЙ ИЗ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ РАСКОПОК В ЗОНЕ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА АВТОТРАССЫ «ТАВРИДА» НА КЕРЧЕНСКОМ ПОЛУОСТРОВЕ
Authors: Антипина Е.Е. , Яворская Л.В.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлены результаты работы археозоологического отряда, основной задачей которого была экспертная оценка научного значения остеологических коллекций из девяти поселенческих и четырех погребальных памятников по трассе «Таврида» (Крым). На основании полученных отрядом и опубликованных другими исследователями археозоологических данных по памятникам Керченского полуострова были выделены основные эпизоды в истории хозяйственных стратегий освоения природных ресурсов этого региона в разные исторические периоды. Отмечается, что греческая колонизация резко изменила структуру экономики рассматриваемых районов Крыма, в которой скотоводство с преимущественным разведением крупного рогатого скота играло главенствующую роль. В различных направлениях трансформировались и масштабы освоения таких связанных с поставками животного белка природных ресурсов, как охота и рыболовство. По итогам экспертизы обозначены также наиболее яркие остеологические коллекции памятников золотоордынского времени и современности.

The paper presents results of the work conducted by an archaeozoological team to carry out expert evaluation of scientific importance of osteological collections from nine settlements and four burial sites along the Taurida highway (Crimea). Based on archaeozoological data on the Kerch Peninsula sites obtained by the team and published by other researchers, main episodes in the history of economic strategies implemented to exploit natural resources in this region in different historical periods were identified. It is noted that Greek colonization brought about a drastic change in the structure of economy in the Crimean areas in question where raising animals, predominantly, cattle, played the most important part. Hunting and fishery, which were key activities to tap natural resources for animal protein, developed in different ways. The expertise has also singled out the most impressive osteological collections of the sites dated to the Golden Horde and modern age.
К ВОПРОСУ О РАННЕАЛАНСКОМ ЗЕМЛЕДЕЛИИ: НАХОДКИ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ И СОРНЫХ РАСТЕНИЙ НА УКРЕПЛЕНИИ ПОДКУМСКОЕ-2 (II–IV вв. н. э.)
Authors: Сергеев А.Ю. , Лебедева Е.Ю.
Published: September 2024

Статья вводит в научный оборот археоботанические материалы с одного из поселений начала аланской эпохи в Кисловодской котловине – Подкумского-2 (II–IV вв. н. э.). Проведенные исследования свидетельствуют о потреблении местным населением широкого спектра сельскохозяйственных растений (просо обыкновенное и итальянское, рожь, пшеницы – однозернянка, двузернянка и мягкая; ячмень, овес, лен). Находки указывают на возможное возделывание некоторых из этих культур в ближней округе, например ржи Secale cereale. Радиоуглеродные датировки свидетельствуют об одной из самых ранних на Северном Кавказе локаций выращивания этого злака.

The paper introduces into scientific discourse materials from one of the settlements dated to the startup of the Alan period in the Kislovodsk Depression known as Podkumskoye-2 (the 2nd–4th centuries AD). The investigations conducted reveal that the local population consumed a wide range of agricultural plants (broomcorn millet, foxtail millet, einkorn wheat, emmer, bread wheat, oats, and flax). The finds demonstrate that some of these crops, for example, Secale cereale, were probably grown in the areas around the settlement. Radiocarbon dating indicates that it was one of the earliest locations in the North Caucasus where this crop was grown.
ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ ЗАКРЫТЫХ ДРЕВНЕРУССКИХ КРЕСТОВ-ЭНКОЛПИОНОВ С ПРИМЕНЕНИЕМ ЯДЕРНО-ФИЗИЧЕСКИХ МЕТОДОВ
Authors: Говор Л.И. , Грешников Э.А. , Зайцева И.Е. , Коваленко Е.С. , Куркин В.А. , Мурашев М.М. , Подурец К.М. , Соменков В.А. , Глазков В.П. , Благов А.Е. , Яцишина Е.Б.
Published: September 2024

При исследовании древнерусских бронзовых двустворчатых закрытых крестов-энколпионов из новейших находок на селищах Суздальского Ополья был применен комплекс ядерно-физических методов. До их реставрации и вскрытия методами синхротронной и нейтронной томографии была проведена визуальная диагностика скрытых полостей и выявлены технологические особенности изучаемых объектов, в числе которых практически утраченный из-за коррозии декор и скрытый окислами ремонтный сквозной фронтальный крепежный штифт, установлено наличие целого вложения. Нейтронно-радиационный анализ и нейтронная дифрактометрия позволили получить сведения о структуре, составе металла и содержимом одного из энколпионов. Полученные неразрушающим способом сведения позволяют по-новому представить религиозные практики ранних христиан Древней Руси и выявить следы работы средневековых мастеров, максимально сберегая при этом объекты культурного наследия.

A set of nuclear physics methods was employed to examine Medieval Russia bronze two-part reliquaries recently discovered at unfortified settlements of Suzdal Opolye. Before the reliquaries were restored and opened by methods of synchrotron X- ray and neutron tomography, visual diagnostics of the hidden hollows had been carried out and technological features of the items in question had been identified, including the decoration which is practically gone due to corrosion and a repair through front anchor pin hidden by oxides; an intact relic inside the reliquary was found as well. The neutron and radiation analysis and neutron diffraction provided an opportunity to obtain data on the composition, metal alloys and the relic held in one of the reliquaries. Such data obtained through non-destructive methods help researchers describe religious practices of Medieval Russia Christians from a new angle and identify traces left by medieval craftsmen, protecting cultural heritage artifacts to the maximum extent possible.
Некрополь Чудова монастыря Московского Кремля. Исследования деревянных погребальных конструкций
Authors: Энговатова А.В. , Васильева Е.Е.
Published: September 2024

В статье представлены предварительные результаты археологических исследований на месте некрополя Чудова монастыря в Московском Кремле. Раскопками 2016–2017 гг. было исследовано более 100 захоронений, большая часть которых была совершена в деревянных гробах. В статье дается краткая характеристика погребального обряда, в том числе деревянных погребальных конструкций, и приводится реконструкция их форм. Даны результаты радиоуглеродного датирования из образцов дерева от гробов и костей из погребений.

The paper presents preliminary results of archaeological excavations on the spot of the Chudov Monastery necropolis in the Moscow Kremlin. The excavations conducted in 2016–2017 examined more than 100 burials, most of which had been made in wooden coffins. The paper contains a brief description of the funerary rite, including that of wooden funerary constructions, and reconstructs their shape. It also provides results of radiocarbon dating of samples of the wood the coffins had been made of and samples of the bones from the burials.