bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Implementing predictive tools in surgery: A narrative review in the context of orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Zhou Yuxuan , Gould Daniel , Choong Peter , Dowsey Michelle , Schilling Chris
Published: September 2022

Clinical predictive tools are a topic gaining interest. Many tools are developed each year to predict various outcomes in medicine and surgery. However, the proportion of predictive tools that are implemented in clinical practice is small in comparison to the total number of tools developed. This narrative review presents key principles to guide the translation of predictive tools from academic bodies of work into useful tools that complement clinical practice. Our review identified the following principles: (1) identifying a clinical gap, (2) selecting a target user or population, (3) optimizing predictive tool performance, (4) externally validating predictive tools, (5) marketing and disseminating the tool, (6) navigating the challenges of integrating a tool into existing healthcare systems, and (7) developing an ongoing monitoring and evaluation strategy. Although the review focuses on examples in orthopaedic surgery, the principles can be applied to other disciplines in medicine and surgery.
Unraveling the black box of job crafting interventions: A systematic literature review and future prospects
Authors: Mukherjee Tulika , Dhar Rajib L.
Published: September 2022

This article offers a systematic review of empirical research intending to identify and categorise the types of existing job crafting interventions (JCIs). It highlights a range of substantial features, including methodological characteristics, intervention design and delivery characteristics, and resultant outcomes. It also attempts to uncover the mechanisms through which the interventions operate and boundary conditions determining intervention strength. Based on the results, the authors provide a conceptual framework synthesising conclusions from existing works and establish that stimulating job crafting behaviors through interventions positively impacts an array of significant outcomes. It further proposes theoretically driven recommendations for empirical and theoretical advancements in the JCI literature, accentuating the processes whereby JCIs are predicted to address contemporary workplace issues and trends.
FMD vaccine allocation and surveillance resourcing options for a potential Australian incursion
Authors: Seitzinger AH , Garner MG , Bradhurst R , Roche S , Breed AC , Capon T , Miller C , Tapsuwan S
Published: September 2022

Australian Animal Disease Spread (AADIS) epidemiological simulation modelling of potential foot‐and‐mouth disease outbreaks in the state of Victoria, Australia examined the targeted use of limited vaccine supplies in combination with varying surveillance resources. Updated, detailed estimates of government response costs were prepared based on state level data inputs of required and available resources. Measures of outbreak spread such as duration and numbers of animals removed through depopulation of infected and vaccinated herds from the epidemiological modelling were compared to summed government response costs. This comparison illustrated the trade‐offs between targeted control strategies combining vaccination‐to‐remove and varying surveillance capacities and their corresponding costs. For this intensive cattle and sheep producing region: (1) Targeting vaccination toward intensive production areas or toward specialized cattle operations had outbreak control and response cost advantages similar to vaccination of all species. The median duration was reduced by 27% and response costs by 11%. (2) Adding to the pool of outbreak surveillance resources available further decreased outbreak duration and outbreak response costs. The median duration was reduced by an additional 13% and response costs declined by an additional 8%. (3) Pooling of vaccine resources overcame the very early binding constraints under proportional allocation of vaccines to individual states with similar reductions in outbreak duration to those with additional surveillance resources. However, government costs rose substantially by over 40% and introduced additional risk of a negative consumer response. Increased knowledge of the outbreak situation obtained from more surveillance led to better‐informed vaccination deployment decisions in the short timeframe they needed to be made.
Frequentist Model Averaging for Undirected Gaussian Graphical Models
Authors: Liu Huihang , Zhang Xinyu
Published: September 2022

Advances in information technologies have made network data increasingly frequent in a spectrum of big data applications, which is often explored by probabilistic graphical models. To precisely estimate the precision matrix, we propose an optimal model averaging estimator for Gaussian graphs. We prove that the proposed estimator is asymptotically optimal when candidate models are misspecified. The consistency and the asymptotic distribution of model averaging estimator, and the weight convergence are also studied when at least one correct model is included in the candidate set. Furthermore, numerical simulations and a real data analysis on yeast genetic data are conducted to illustrate that the proposed method is promising.
Clinical utility of comprehensive genomic profiling tests for advanced or metastatic solid tumor in clinical practice
Authors: Ida Hanae , Koyama Takafumi , Mizuno Takaaki , Sunami Kuniko , Kubo Takashi , Sudo Kazuki , Tao Kayoko , Hirata Makoto , Yonemori Kan , Kato Ken , Okusaka Takuji , Ohe Yuichiro , Matsui Yoshiyuki , Yamazaki Naoya , Ogawa Chitose , Kawai Akira , Narita Yoshitaka , Esaki Minoru , Yamamoto Noboru
Published: September 2022

Previous clinical trials indicate that 10%–25% of patients received genomically matched therapy after comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP) tests. However, the clinical utility of CGP tests has not been assessed in clinical practice. We assessed the clinical utility of CGP tests for advanced or metastatic solid tumor and determined the proportion of patients receiving genomically matched therapy among those with common and non‐common cancers. From August 2019 to July 2020, a total of 418 patients had undergone CGP tests, and the results were discussed through the molecular tumor board at our site. The median age of patients was 57 (range: 3–86) years. Colorectal cancer was the most common, with 47 (11%) patients. Actionable genomic alterations (median 3, range: 1–17) were identified in 368 (88.0%) of 418 patients. Druggable genomic alterations were determined in 196 (46.9%) of 418 patients through the molecular tumor board. Genomically matched therapy was administered as the subsequent line of therapy in 51 (12.2%) patients, which is comparable to the proportion we previously reported in a clinical trial (13.4%) (p = 0.6919). The proportion of patients receiving genomically matched therapy was significantly higher among those with common cancers (16.2%) than non‐common cancers (9.4%) (p = 0.0365). Genomically matched therapy after the CGP tests was administered to 12.2% of patients, which is similar to the proportion reported in the previous clinical trials. The clinical utility of CGP tests in patients with common cancers greatly exceeded that in patients with non‐common cancers.
Executive function measurement in urban schools: Exploring links between performance‐based metrics and teacher ratings
Authors: Zonneveld Annie K. , Serpell Zewelanji , Parr Teresa , Ellefson Michelle R.
Published: September 2022

When compared to research centered on the executive function development of white, middle‐class children, relatively little is known about their non‐white, low socioeconomic status peers. In an effort to harmonize how executive functions are measured within under‐represented contexts, the present study addresses gaps in the evaluation of everyday executive functioning to better understand whether behavior rating scales completed by teachers (BASC2EF – BASC executive function scale, 2nd edition; BASC3EF – BASC executive function scale, 3rd edition) capture distinctions between performance‐based measures. This study includes two large samples of older, ethnic minority children from high‐poverty backgrounds (Sample 1. N = 243; Mage = 9.28 years, SDage = 0.80; nfemale = 125; nAfricanAmerican = 216, nLatinAmerican = 15, nAsianAmerican = 6; Sample 2. N = 229; Mage = 10.02 years, SDage = 1.01; nfemale = 120; nAfricanAmerican = 132, nLatinAmerican = 92, nWhite = 3, nPacificIslander = 1). Based on structural equation models testing the links between computerized performance‐based measures and the teacher rating scales, the results indicate that BASC2EF in its original form might be a good fit for some populations but there is not a strong factor structure for the current high‐poverty samples. In addition, post‐hoc analyses suggest that only including BASC2EF items also in BASC3EF or using BASC3EF is best practice for high‐poverty populations. BASC3EF seems better able to capture different components of performance‐driven tasks, whereas BASC2EF captures overall executive functioning better than individual tasks. These findings encourage continued questioning surrounding metrics used to assess everyday executive functions in older children from diverse backgrounds.

Highlights

This study explores whether teacher ratings of children's everyday executive functioning (using standardized behavior rating scales) capture distinctions between performance‐based measures.

Results indicate that BASC2EF teacher rating scale (Karr & Garcia‐Barrera, 2017) is not a good representation of everyday executive function behaviors by children from schools in high‐poverty communities.

The findings suggest that restricting BASC2EF analyses to only items included in BASC3EF (Reynolds & Kamphaus, 2015) or using BASC3EF for high‐poverty populations.

BASC3EF seems better able to capture the different components of performance‐driven tasks, whereas BASC2EF captures overall executive functioning better than individual tasks.
Time to exceed pre‐randomization monthly seizure count for perampanel in participants with primary generalized tonic–clonic seizures: A potential clinical end point
Authors: Kerr Wesley T. , Brandt Christian , Ngo Leock Y. , Patten Anna , Cheng Jocelyn Y. , Kramer Lynn , French Jacqueline A.
Published: September 2022

Objective

To evaluate the exploratory time to exceed pre‐randomization seizure count (T‐PSC) in the determination of efficacy of adjunctive perampanel in participants with primary generalized tonic–clonic (PGTC) seizures in generalized‐onset epilepsy.

Methods

In this multicenter, double‐blind study (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01393743), participants ≥12 years of age with treatment‐resistant idiopathic generalized epilepsy were randomized to receive placebo or adjunctive perampanel (≤8 mg/day) across a 17‐week double‐blind treatment phase (4‐week titration; 13‐week maintenance). We evaluated the pre‐planned exploratory end point of the T‐PSC using a Kaplan–Meier analysis. We also re‐evaluated the correspondence of the primary end points of median percent seizure frequency change (MPC) and 50% responder rate (50RR) calculated at T‐PSC and at the end of the trial.

Results

The exploratory end point of median T‐PSC on placebo was 43 days and >120 days on perampanel (log‐rank p < .001). The primary end points calculated at T‐PSC did not differ significantly from the end points at the end of the trial (MPC −31% vs −42% at T‐PSC; 50RR 32% vs 51% at T‐PSC). After T‐PSC was reached, participants had a median (interquartile range) of 5 (3–13) additional seizures on placebo and 5 (2–10) on perampanel.

Significance

The exploratory end point of T‐PSC demonstrated the effectiveness of perampanel despite a shorter duration of monitoring. The seizures that occurred after T‐PSC did not influence the conclusions of the trial; therefore, T‐PSC may be a viable alternative to traditional trial end points that reduces the risk to participants.
Are financial derivatives related to intra‐entities' tax aggressiveness? UK evidence
Authors: Boussaidi Ahmed , Chkir Imed , Hussainey Khaled , Sidhom‐Hamed Mounira
Published: September 2022

This study investigates the effect of hedged versus nonhedged financial derivative instruments on the intra‐entities' tax aggressiveness. Our findings provide evidence that multinational enterprises manage derivatives instruments to avoid their tax expenses aggressively. Specifically, nonhedged derivatives are an excellent determinant of the tax aggressiveness practices of corporate groups. Besides, this study speaks to the central role of governance quality in mitigating this aspect of tax aggressiveness and provides practical guidance to tax authorities and regulators for establishing new policies for governing financial derivative instruments and preventing tax aggressiveness from negatively affecting firms and society.
Evidence for evolutionary adaptation of mixotrophic nanoflagellates to warmer temperatures
Authors: Lepori‐Bui Michelle , Paight Christopher , Eberhard Ean , Mertz Conner M. , Moeller Holly V.
Published: September 2022

Mixotrophs, organisms that combine photosynthesis and heterotrophy to gain energy, play an important role in global biogeochemical cycles. Metabolic theory predicts that mixotrophs will become more heterotrophic with rising temperatures, potentially creating a positive feedback loop that accelerates carbon dioxide accumulation in the atmosphere. Studies testing this theory have focused on phenotypically plastic (short‐term, non‐evolutionary) thermal responses of mixotrophs. However, as small organisms with short generation times and large population sizes, mixotrophs may rapidly evolve in response to climate change. Here, we present data from a 3‐year experiment quantifying the evolutionary response of two mixotrophic nanoflagellates to temperature. We found evidence for adaptive evolution (increased growth rates in evolved relative to acclimated lineages) in the obligately phototrophic strain, but not in the facultative phototroph. All lineages showed trends of increased carbon use efficiency, flattening of thermal reaction norms, and a return to homeostatic gene expression. Generally, mixotrophs evolved reduced photosynthesis and higher grazing with increased temperatures, suggesting that evolution may act to exacerbate mixotrophs' effects on global carbon cycling.
Differences in prophylactic performance across wound dressing types used to protect from device‐related pressure ulcers caused by a continuous positive airway pressure mask
Authors: Orlov Aleksei , Gefen Amit
Published: September 2022

Prolonged use of continuous positive airway pressure masks, as often required for non‐invasive ventilation, involves a risk for facial tissue breakdown due to the sustained deformations caused by tightening of the stiff mask surfaces to the head and the moist environment. The risk of developing mask‐related facial injuries can be reduced through suitable cushioning materials placed at the skin‐mask interfaces to spread the localised contact forces and disperse the surface and internal tissue stresses. Using an integrated experimental‐computational approach, we compared the biomechanical protective performance of three popular foam‐based wound dressings to that of a market‐lead hydrocolloid dressing when applied to protect the facial skin under a mask. We measured the compressive stiffness properties of the four commercial dressing types in dry and moist conditions, and then fed those to an anatomically realistic finite element model of an adult male head, with an applied simulated mask. Through this process, we calculated the protective efficacy index of each dressing type, indicating the relative contribution of the specified dressing to alleviating facial soft tissue loads with respect to the no‐dressing case. The foam‐based dressings generally performed substantially better than the hydrocolloid, but foam dressings were also demonstrated to vary by their protective performance.
Subclinical sinus node dysfunction in patients with atrial fibrillation—Insight from ultrahigh‐resolution mapping of human sinoatrial exits
Authors: Eguchi Tomoya , Miyazaki Shinsuke , Tsuji Toshihiko , Nagao Moeko , Kakehashi Shota , Mukai Moe , Sekihara Takayuki , Aoyama Daisetsu , Nodera Minoru , Hasegawa Kanae , Uzui Hiroyasu , Tada Hiroshi
Published: September 2022

Background

Even a short duration of paroxysmal episodes of atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with sinus node (SN) remodeling and a reduced SN reserve or dysfunction. The number of earliest atrial activation sites (EASs) during sinus rhythm decreases according to the decrease in the SN reserve.

Objective

We sought to evaluate the EASs during sinus rhythm using an ultrahigh‐density mapping system.

Methods

This study included 35 patients (supraventricular tachycardia [SVT]/paroxysmal atrial fibrillation [PAF]/persistent atrial fibrillation [PsAF] = 5/21/9) who underwent ultrahigh‐resolution endocardial mapping of the SN area at rest and during β‐stimulation. The number of EASs was determined by the Lumipoint™ algorithm.

Results

The number of EASs was greatest in SVT patients both at rest (SVT/PAF/PsAF = 1.4 ± 0.8/1.0 ± 0/1.0 ± 0, p = .04) and during β‐stimulation (SVT/PAF/PsAF = 2.6 ± 1.0/1.3 ± 0.6/1.0 ± 0, p < .01). The number significantly increased with β‐stimulation as compared to baseline in the PAF patients (p = .02), but not in the PsAF patients. The brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) level was significantly higher in AF than SVT patients (SVT/PAF/PsAF = 12.3 [10.1–14.5]/25.7 [14.8–36.0]/73.4 [57.6–140] pg/ml, p < .01). In the PAF patients, the BNP level was significantly higher in those with unicentric EASs than multicentric EASs during β‐stimulation (28.1 [19.1–46.5] vs. 13.1 [9.4–26.9] pg/ml, p = .03), and the optimal cutoff point for the BNP level predicting unicentric EASs was 21.8 pg/ml (sensitivity 82.6%; specificity 85.7%).

Conclusions

AF patients have a smaller number of EASs and poorer response to β‐stimulation than non‐AF patients. An elevated BNP level might predict subclinical SN dysfunction in patients with PAF.
Pairwise interaction Markov model for 3D epidermal nerve fibre endings
Authors: Konstantinou Konstantinos , Särkkä Aila
Published: September 2022

In this paper, the spatial arrangement and possible interactions between epidermal nerve fibre endings are investigated and modelled by using confocal microscopy data. We are especially interested in possible differences between patterns from healthy volunteers and patients suffering from mild diabetic neuropathy. The locations of the points, where nerves enter the epidermis, the first branching points and the points where the nerve fibres terminate, are regarded as realizations of spatial point processes. We propose an anisotropic point process model for the locations of the nerve fibre endings in three dimensions, where the points interact in cylindrical regions. First, the locations of end points in are modelled as clusters around the branching points and then, the model is extended to three dimensions using a pairwise interaction Markov field model with cylindrical neighbourhood for the z‐coordinates conditioned on the planar locations of the points. We fit the model to samples taken from healthy subjects and subjects suffering from diabetic neuropathy. In both groups, after a hardcore radius, there is some attraction between the end points. However, the range and strength of attraction are not the same in the two groups. Performance of the model is evaluated by using a cylindrical version of Ripley's K function due to the anisotropic nature of the data. Our findings suggest that the proposed model is able to capture the 3D spatial structure of the end points.
Severe persistent urticaria following laser hair reduction
Authors: Dorgham Noelle , Witkoff Benjamin , Weiss Eduardo , Glick Brad
Published: September 2022

Background

Laser hair reduction is a common practice that utilized light‐based therapy to prevent future hair growth. Complications following laser hair reduction treatment include thermal burns, which may lead to hyper‐ or hypopigmentation, hair stimulation, scar, or transient erythema of treated areas.

Aims

Review reports of persistent urticaria following laser hair reduction and discuss a rarely discussed laser complication.

Methods

Pubmed literature review.

Results

There have been very rare reports of persistent urticaria following laser hair reduction. Similar case reports have also been described though no definitive reasoning for this reaction, nor consistent treatment has been documented.

Discussion

In this report, we present a patient who developed persistent urticaria with severe pruritus in the areas treated with laser hair reduction. Previous reports an association was found between allergies and post‐treatment urticarial eruption, with 33/36 patients having allergies, mostly to dust mites which is similar to the patient presented. Other etiologies such as reaction to cryogen and physical urticaria are unlikely.

Conclusion

Our report highlights a case of persistent urticaria with severe pruritus following laser hair reduction treatment, with both similarities and differences to other cases reported in the literature. While this is a rare side effect of laser hair removal, it should be monitored in patients who have a history of moderate to severe environmental allergies.
Case report of possible iatrogenic Cushing's disease with low‐dose prednisone to treat dermal filler hypersensitivity
Authors: Grillo Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Objectives

The aim of this article is to report a case of iatrogenic Cushing's disease associated with a delayed inflammatory response due to a facial dermal filler procedure.

Methods

A case report according to CARE guidelines was performed. A delayed inflammatory reaction due to dermal filler injection resulted in iatrogenic Cushing's disease in a patient with no comorbidities or allergies.

Results

Prolonged use of glucocorticoids can cause adverse effects, such as iatrogenic Cushing's disease. Dermal fillers have a very low incidence of complications, but these need to be discussed with patients. Drugs used to treat delayed inflammatory reaction include antibiotics, antihistamines, steroids, and intralesional hyaluronidase. Reversal of dermal fillers should be explained to the patient and included in the written consent.

Conclusions

Due to patient non‐compliance and possible adverse effects of steroid medications, physicians should consider limiting their prescriptions of steroid medications to no more than 2 weeks and require frequent follow‐up to discuss hyaluronidase if the condition returns off of steroid medication. In addition, it may be advisable to only treat with one filler brand, especially in the same session as this may be a risk factor.
Race, Gender, and the Relationship Between Religious Factors and Verbal Ability: An Intersectional Approach
Authors: Sherkat Darren E.
Published: September 2022

The negative relationship between religiosity and cognitive ability is well documented though most research on the connection between religion and cognitive factors has largely ignored how social positions like race and gender may inform the association. This paper explores how race and gender intersect with the association between religious factors and verbal ability. Using data from the General Social Surveys, I examine racial differences in the impact of religious identification, religious participation, and beliefs about the Bible on verbal ability. The analyses show that the association between religious factors and verbal ability varies significantly across racial groups, and points to some gender differences in the association between religious factors and verbal ability by race. The findings highlight the importance of an intersectional approach and suggest that psychological theorizing about the relationships between religion and cognitive ability is underdeveloped.
Poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate concentration, microbial enzymes activity, and nutritional value in biofloc system using different carbon sources and C/N ratios in common carp, Cyprinus carpio culture
Authors: Najdegerami Ebrahim H. , Tukmechi Amir
Published: September 2022

This experiment was designed with three carbon sources (Dextrin, wheat bran, and corn starch), each with two carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratios (19 and 30) for 4 weeks. The data obtained from two variables (carbon sources, C/N ratio) were analyzed with a two‐way analysis of variance. At the end of the experiment, the results indicated that the use of varying carbon sources and C/N ratios significantly changed the nutritional value of microbial flocs (p < 0.05). Also, the results showed that both variables significantly affected the main groups of saturated, mono‐unsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids in the microbial flocs (p < 0.05). Dextrin flowing corn starch at a low C/N ratio significantly increased poly‐β‐hydroxybutyrate accumulation in microbial flocs (p > 0.05). The microbial enzyme profile changed in all carbon sources but C/N ratios did not affect microbial enzymes in the treatments except in a significantly higher value for amylase and acidic protease activity at a C/N ratio of 30 (p < 0.05). Also, at the end of the experiment, total bacteria and Lactobacillus count were affected by carbon sources and the highest density was observed in wheat bran and Dextrin respectively. These findings may encourage farmers to consider specific carbon sources and C/N ratios based on culture conditions and species requirements.
Evaluation of modified C‐palatal plates on speech articulation using acoustic analysis
Authors: Joo Mun Chan , Bayome Mohamed , Kang Seok Jae , Ham Lyun Kwang , Lee Nam‐Ki , Park Jae Hyun , Kook Yoon‐Ah
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The purpose of this study was to assess speech perturbation and adaptation for patients wearing modified C‐palatal plates (MCPPs) over time.

Methods

The sample consisted of 40 patients, 20 wearing MCPPs as the experimental group (age: 20.7 ± 5.8 years) and 20 patients wearing a transpalatal arch (TPA) as the control group (age: 21.5 ± 6.4 years). The sounds /t/, /d/, /s/, /n/, /r/, /tʃ/. and /j/ were recorded for each patient at six time points: immediately before (T0) and after (T1) appliance placement; then 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after placement (T2–T5). Acoustic analysis of pitch and voice onset time (VOT) was performed by Praat software. Repeated measures analysis of variance (RM‐ANOVA) was used to assess changes in the pitch and VOT over time and the difference between the appliances.

Results

With the MCPP appliance, /n/, /r/, /tʃ/ and /j/ decreased in VOT starting in the first week while /t/ and /s/ almost returned to pre‐treatment levels after 2 weeks. VOT for the /d/ sound did not change between T0 and T3, but it decreased after 3 weeks. There were no significant differences in pitch and VOT between the two groups at any time point.

Conclusions

Wearing an MCPP device caused patients to initially distort the articulation of several sounds, but the distortion dissipated within 1 to 2 weeks. It is recommended that patients and/or their parents be advised during pre‐treatment counselling of the possibility of temporary speech changes with MCPP placement.
Against the inside out argument
Authors: Seymour Amy
Published: September 2022

Bailey (2021) offers a clever argument for the compatibility of determinism and moral responsibility based on the nature of intrinsic intentions. The argument is mistaken on two counts. First, it is invalid. Second, even setting that first point aside, the argument proves too much: we would be blameworthy in paradigm cases of non‐blameworthiness. I conclude that we cannot reason from intentions to responsibility solely from the “inside out”—our possessing a blameworthy intention cannot tell us whether this intention is also blameworthy in deterministic worlds.
Study on the expression patterns and function of JUNO and CD9 in bovine oocytes during in vitro maturation
Authors: Yang Baigao , Hao Tong , Yang Sha , Hao Haisheng , Du Weihua , Zhu Huabin , Zhang Peipei , Zhao Xueming
Published: September 2022

Fertilization proteins JUNO and CD9 play vital roles in sperm‐egg fusion, but little is known about their expression patterns during in vitro maturation (IVM) and their function during in vitro fertilization (IVF) of bovine oocytes. In this study, qRT‐PCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of JUNO and CD9 genes in bovine oocytes and cumulus cells. Then, fertilization rate of MII oocytes treated with (i) JUNO antibody (1, 5 and 25 μg/ml) or (ii) CD9 antibody (1, 5 and 25 μg/ml) or (iii) CD9 antibody (5 μg/ml) + JUNO antibody (5 μg/ml) were recorded. Our results showed that the mRNA and protein expression levels of JUNO and CD9 genes significantly increased from bovine GV oocytes to MII oocytes, and similar mRNA expression patterns of JUNO and CD9 were also detected in cumulus cells. All groups of oocytes treated with CD9 antibody or JUNO antibody showed significantly decreased fertilization rates (p < .05). Particularly, the fertilization ability of oocytes treated with CD9 antibody (5 μg/ml) + JUNO antibody (5 μg/ml) sharply decreased to 3.48 ± 0.11%. In conclusion, our study revealed the expression levels of JUNO and CD9 genes in oocytes and cumulus cells increased during IVM of bovine oocytes, with JUNO protein playing a major role in the fertilization of bovine oocytes.
Parents’ and friends’ responses to discrete negative emotions: Associations with adolescent emotional experiences
Authors: Miller‐Slough Rachel L. , Zhu Danhua , Garner Pamela W. , Dunsmore Julie C.
Published: September 2022

Emotion socialization (ES) impacts a range of youth socioemotional outcomes. However, research often examines parent socialization of negative emotions more broadly. Research examining multiple socializers demonstrates that variety in ES messages may promote flexibility in youth socio‐emotional adjustment. The current study examined how parents’ and friends’ supportive socialization of discrete negative emotions (anger, sadness, worry) related to adolescents’ emotional experiences. Eighty‐seven adolescents (50 girls; 13–15 years old, M age = 14.23 years) reported on parent and friend supportive ES in 8th grade. Sixty‐four of these adolescents reported their own emotional experiences in 9th and/or 10th grade. Parents’ supportive ES was higher than friends’ for sadness and worry. Divergence between parent and friend ES of sadness related to lower increases in anger over time. There were effects of convergence in ES of anger, as matches between parent and friend ES were related to less experience of all three negative emotions. There were unique effects of parent and friend ES of worry. Parent ES of worry related to adolescents’ balance of anger and sadness, whereas friend ES of worry related to decreased sadness over time. These findings suggest that ES and its relations with adolescent emotional experience varied by discrete emotions, as each carries a different meaning and function. Future research should examine processes connecting discrete emotional experiences within interactions and across time.
An Efficient Analytical Method Based on Averaging and Memory-Free Principle for Variable Fractional Oscillators
Authors: Liu Q. X. , Liu J. K. , Chen Y. M.
Published: September 2022

It has been a difficult task to solve fractional oscillators analytically, especially when variable-order fractional derivatives (FDs) are included. The major difficulty consists in deriving analytical expressions for the variable FDs of trigonometric functions. To tackle this problem, a memory-free transformation for constant-order FDs is modified to transform the variable FDs equivalently into a nonlinear differential equation of integer order. Based on the equivalent equation, an analytical solution is obtained for the variable FD, showing nice agreement with numerical results. According to the approximate analytical solution in closed form, the frequency amplitude curve and the backbone line of variable fractional oscillators are determined accurately. In addition, it provides us with convenience in analyzing the primary resonance.
Finding Social Networks Among Online Reviewers for Customer Segmentation
Authors: Park Seyoung , Kim Harrison M.
Published: September 2022

Recently, online user-generated data have emerged as a valuable source for industrial applications. In the consumer product area, many studies analyze online data and draw implications on product design. However, most of them treat online customers as one group with the same preferences, while customer segmentation is a key strategy in conventional market analysis. This paper proposes a new methodology based on text mining and network analysis for online customer segmentation. First, the method extracts customer attributes from online review data. Then, a customer network is constructed based on these attributes and predefined networking rules. For networking, a new concept of “topic similarity” is proposed to reflect social meaning in the customer network. Finally, the network is partitioned by modularity clustering, and the resultant clusters are analyzed to understand segment properties. We validate our methodology using real-world data sets of smartphone reviews. The result shows that the proposed methodology properly reflects the heterogeneity of the online customers in the segmentation result. The practical application of customer segmentation is presented, illustrating how it can help companies design target-customer-oriented products.
Structural basis for strychnine activation of human bitter taste receptor TAS2R46
Authors: Xu Weixiu , Wu Lijie , Liu Shenhui , Liu Xiao , Cao Xiaoling , Zhou Cui , Zhang Jinyi , Fu You , Guo Yu , Wu Yiran , Tan Qiwen , Wang Ling , Liu Junlin , Jiang Longquan , Fan Zhongbo , Pei Yuan , Yu Jingyi , Cheng Jianjun , Zhao Suwen , Hao Xiaojiang , Liu Zhi-Jie , Hua Tian
Published: September 2022

Taste sensing is a sophisticated chemosensory process, and bitter taste perception is mediated by type 2 taste receptors (TAS2Rs), or class T G protein–coupled receptors. Understanding the detailed molecular mechanisms behind taste sensation is hindered by a lack of experimental receptor structures. Here, we report the cryo–electron microscopy structures of human TAS2R46 complexed with chimeric mini–G protein gustducin, in both strychnine-bound and apo forms. Several features of TAS2R46 are disclosed, including distinct receptor structures that compare with known GPCRs, a new “toggle switch,” activation-related motifs, and precoupling with mini–G protein gustducin. Furthermore, the dynamic extracellular and more-static intracellular parts of TAS2R46 suggest possible diverse ligand-recognition and activation processes. This study provides a basis for further exploration of other bitter taste receptors and their therapeutic applications.
How Saturn got its tilt and its rings
Authors: El Moutamid Maryame
Published: September 2022

The destruction of a hypothetical moon may help explain the origin of both
Monkeypox: The consequences of neglecting a disease, anywhere
Authors: Tomori Oyewale , Ogoina Dimie
Published: September 2022

A disease anywhere can spread everywhere, if neglected
In Science Journals
Authors: Wong Wei , Jiang Di , Yeston Jake , Ray L. Bryan , Vinson Valda , Vignieri Sacha , Stajic Jelena , Erkes Dan A. , Osborne Ian S. , Alderton Gemma , Nusinovich Yevgeniya , Smith Keith T. , Sugden Andrew M. , Smith H. Jesse , Ash Caroline , Czajka Caitlin , Monsoro-Burq Anne-Helene
Published: September 2022

Highlights from the
Science
family of journals
Europe’s energy crisis hits science hard
Authors: Kwan Jacklin
Published: September 2022

Supercomputing and accelerator centers struggle with surging gas and electricity prices
Glucose Mediates Niche-Specific Repression of Staphylococcus aureus Toxic Shock Syndrome Toxin-1 through the Activity of CcpA in the Vaginal Environment
Authors: Dufresne Karine , Podskalniy Vladyslav A. , Herfst Christine A. , Lovell Gabrielle F. M. , Lee Isaac S. , DeJong Erica N. , McCormick John K. , Tuffs Stephen W.
Published: September 2022

Menstrual toxic shock syndrome (mTSS) is caused by strains of
Staphylococcus aureus
that overproduce a toxin known as toxic shock syndrome toxin-1 (TSST-1). This work studied how glucose levels in a model vaginal environment could influence the amount of TSST-1 that is produced by
S. aureus
.
Respiratory Vaccination with Hemagglutinin Nanoliposomes Protects Mice from Homologous and Heterologous Strains of Influenza Virus
Authors: Sia Zachary R. , Chiem Kevin , Huang Wei-Chiao , Seffouh Amal , Teimouri Dereshgi Amir , Hogan Tara , Ortega Joaquin , Davidson Bruce A. , Martinez-Sobrido Luis , Lovell Jonathan F.
Published: September 2022

A self-assembling influenza virus vaccine platform that seamlessly converts soluble antigens into nanoparticles is demonstrated with various H1N1 and H3N2 influenza antigens to protect mice against influenza virus challenge following intranasal vaccination. Mucosal immune responses following liposome delivery to lung antigen-presenting cells are demonstrated.
Heat Shock Protein 60 Is Involved in Viral Replication Complex Formation and Facilitates Foot and Mouth Virus Replication by Stabilizing Viral Nonstructural Proteins 3A and 2C
Authors: Tang Jianli , Abdullah Sahibzada Waheed , Li Pinghua , Wu Jin'en , Pei Chenchen , Mu Suyu , Wang Yunlu , Sun Shiqi , Guo Huichen
Published: September 2022

FMDV is the leading cause of the foot-and-mouth disease (FMD), affecting cloven-hoofed animals with high morbidity and mortality. We determined that HSP60 is required for efficient viral RNA replication and mRNA translation during FMDV infection.
RedB, a Member of the CRP/FNR Family, Functions as a Transcriptional Redox Brake
Authors: Ke Nijia , Kumka Joseph E. , Fang Mingxu , Weaver Brian , Burstyn Judith N. , Bauer Carl E.
Published: September 2022

CRP and FNR are well-characterized members of the CRP/FNR family of regulatory proteins that function to maximize cellular energy production. In this study, we identify several new subgroups of the CRP/FNR family, many of which have not yet been characterized.
Hit-and-run model for Cretaceous–Paleogene tectonism along the western margin of Laurentia
Authors: Tikoff B. , Housen B.A. , Maxson J.A. , Nelson E.M. , Trevino S. , Shipley T.F.
Published: September 2022

The North American Cordillera experienced major contractional deformation during the Cretaceous–Paleogene, which is commonly attributed to normal subduction transitioning to shallow-slab subduction. We provide details of an alternative hit-and-run model, wherein the Insular superterrane obliquely collided with the North American margin from 100 to 85 Ma (the “hit”), followed by northward translation during continued oblique convergence with North America from 85 to 55 Ma (the “run”). This model assumes that the paleomagnetic evidence from the accreted terranes of the northern North American Cordillera, indicating up to thousands of kilometers of northward movement primarily between ca. 85 and 55 Ma, is correct. The hit-and-run model also incorporates new advances: (1) A worldwide plate reorganization occurred ca. 105–100 Ma; and (2) multiple subducted slabs have characterized subduction systems of the North American Cordillera since ca. 120 Ma. Finally, we explicitly address along-strike variations, such as the role of the preexisting rifted Precambrian margin and Permian–Triassic truncation of North America, in margin-parallel movement along western North America.

The 100–85 Ma “hit” phase of the orogeny was characterized by dextral transpressional deformation that occurred simultaneously in the magmatic arcs of Idaho, northern Nevada, eastern California, and the Peninsular Ranges of southern California and northern Mexico. The hit phase also recorded incipient plateau formation, foreland block uplifts in the northern Rocky Mountains, and significant foreland sedimentation in adjacent North America. The transition from “hit” to “run” is hypothesized to have occurred because of the clockwise rotation of a Precambrian promontory in Washington State that was blocking northward translation: This rotation was accommodated by sinistral motion along the Lewis and Clark deformation zone. The 85–55 Ma “run” phase resulted in dextral strike-slip faulting of coastal blocks and significant contractional deformation in adjacent continental North America. The hit-and-run model is consistent with first-order geological and geophysical constraints from the North American Cordillera, and the proposed type of oblique orogeny requires a three-dimensional, time-dependent view of the deformation along an irregular and evolving continental margin.
Tumour-like presentation of brainstem tuberculoma: a lesson learnt
Authors: Yeat Chia Ming , Achmad Sankala Hairuddin , Mohd Zaki Faizah , Mohamed Mukari Shahizon Azura
Published: September 2022

Brainstem tuberculoma is diagnostically challenging as it lacks clinical clues and imaging mimics a high-grade glioma (HGG). We report the case of an adolescent girl diagnosed with brainstem HGG, who was referred to our centre for Gamma Knife. Initial MRI showed a pontomedullary junction, ring-enhancing lobulated lesion demonstrating distinct central hypointensity on T2-weighted (T2W) and fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) images with extensive vasogenic oedema. An alternative diagnosis of infection was entertained, and biopsy was suggested; however, the parents opted for a trial of alternative treatment. Suboccipital craniotomy and debulking were only performed 3 months later when her symptoms worsened, and MRI revealed enlargement of the lesion. A cheesy ‘tumour’ was noted intraoperatively; histopathological findings later confirmed chronic granulomatous inflammation. In an endemic area, a high index of suspicion of a tuberculoma is vital specifically in the presence of central T2W/FLAIR hypointensity of a ring-enhancing lesion.
‘I felt forced to find an alternative’: a qualitative analysis of women medical educators’ narratives of career transitions
Authors: Eghosa-Aimufua Osa , Boam Alicia , Webb Katie Louise , Browne Julie
Published: September 2022

Objectives

While institutional and systemic attempts to increase women’s participation in medical education have enabled increasing numbers to enter the field and achieve more senior positions, little is known about lived experiences of female clinical educators. Women clinicians are more likely to change careers and work less than full time. This study focuses on women medical educators’ narratives of career change, with the aim of exploring the interplay between factors affecting career decision-making, career trajectory and professional development. 

Methods

We employed narrative enquiry approaches to two data sources (55 written accounts of turning points; 9 semistructured interviews reflecting on periods of career transition). Through analysing themes within each dataset before comparing and contrasting datasets simultaneously, we identified three areas of inconsistency and tension.

Results

Participants reported feeling both drawn and pushed into medical education. Some respondents reported that they were compelled by circumstances to enter medical education. Participants’ narratives were ambiguous regarding personal and professional identities. Additionally, participants asserted their position as autonomous agents while acknowledging their powerlessness when encountering organisational, social and cultural expectations limiting the ability to make independent choices. Even where primary decisions to pursue medical education were positive and motivated by interest, subsequent disappointments and challenges led some participants to doubt their choices.

Conclusions

Career advancement in medical education may involve women taking significant personal or career sacrifices, partly due to the continued existence of a medical culture allowing men to dominate senior ranks. Women medical educators achieving satisfying senior roles in the field may harbour lingering regret and resentment at the personal and career costs.
Progressive resistance training compared to neuromuscular exercise in patients with hip osteoarthritis and the additive effect of exercise booster sessions: protocol for a multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial (The Hip Booster Trial)
Authors: Kjeldsen Troels , Dalgas Ulrik , Skou Søren T , van Tulder Maurits , Bibby Bo M , Mechlenburg Inger
Published: September 2022

Introduction

The primary aim of this randomised controlled trial is to investigate the effectiveness of 3 months of progressive resistance training (PRT) compared to neuromuscular exercise (NEMEX) on functional performance in patients with hip osteoarthritis (OA). Secondary aims are to investigate the effectiveness of exercise booster sessions (EBS) in prolonging the effects of the initial exercise interventions as well as to investigate the cost-effectiveness of PRT, NEMEX and EBS at 12-month follow-up.

Methods and analysis

This multicentre cluster randomised controlled trial will be conducted at hospitals and physiotherapy clinics across Denmark. A total of 160 participants with clinically diagnosed hip OA will be recruited. Participants will be cluster randomised to a 3-month intervention of either PRT or NEMEX and to receive EBS or not, resulting in four treatment arms.

The primary outcome is change in functional performance, measured by the 30 s chair stand test at 3 months for the primary comparison and at 12 months for the EBS comparisons. Secondary outcomes include changes in 40 m fast-paced walk test, 9-step timed stair climb test, leg extensor muscle power and maximal strength, Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score subscales, EuroQol Group 5-dimension, global perceived effect, physical activity and pain. Outcomes are measured at baseline, after the initial 3 months of intervention, and at 6-month, 9-month and 12-month follow-up. An intention-to-treat approach will be used for analysing changes in the primary and secondary outcome measures.

Ethics and dissemination

The trial has been approved by the Central Denmark Region Committee on Biomedical Research Ethics (Journal No 1-10-72-267-20) and registered at the Danish Data Protection Agency (Journal No 1-16-02-11-21). Results will be published in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.

Trial registration number

NCT04714047.