bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Effect of light intensities on reproductive performance, nursing behaviour and preference of rabbit does
Authors: Matics Zs. , Szendrő Zs. , Radnai I. , Kasza R. , Gerencsér Zs.
Published: June 2016

The aim of the experiment was to compare the reproductive performance and nursing behaviour of rabbit does reared under 2 different light intensities and observe the preference of does among cages with different light intensities. Female rabbits were randomly housed in 2 identical rooms, under the same housing conditions in wire-net cages. The 2 rooms only differed in the light intensity; group L: 150-200 lux (n=54 does, 230 inseminations), group D: 10-20 lux (n=54 does, 232 inseminations). Reproduction data from the first 5 consecutive reproductive cycles were evaluated. Nursing behaviour of the does (n = 24) was observed at the 2nd or 4th lactation. The preference of does (n=8) among 4 cages with different light intensities (10, 35, 75 or 155 lux)  as examined. There were 6-7% difference between the 2 groups in the number of kits born in total and those born alive (born total: 11.25 vs. 10.59 kits, P<0.1; liveborn: 10.75 vs. 10.00 kits, P<0.05; in groups L and D, respectively). Suckling mortality was nearly 2% higher in group D (L: 8.1, D: 10.0%; P<0.1), and in consequence the litter size of this group at 35 d of age was lower than that of the L rabbits (L: 8.75, D: 8.45 kits; P<0.05). The light intensity did not affect litter and individual weights at 35 d of age. The average numbers of daily nursing events (L: 1.23/d, D: 1.32/d), the length (L: 208±49, D: 213±43 s) and the daily distribution of nursing events were not affected by high light intensity. During the light period of the day, the darkest cage (10 lux) was the most preferred by the does (44.0, 18.6, 17.9 and 19.5% in 10, 35, 75 and 155 lux cages, respectively; P<0.001). The lower light intensity had no unambiguously unfavourable effect on the reproductive performance and nursing behaviour of the does. Based on the preference test, a lower light intensity may be advantageous from the point of view of animal welfare.
Effect of turmeric powder (Curcuma longa L.) and ascorbic acid on antioxidant capacity and oxidative status in rabbit burgers after cooking
Authors: Mancini S. , Preziuso G. , Paci G.
Published: June 2016

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of turmeric powder and ascorbic acid on lipid oxidation and antioxidant capacity in cooked rabbit burgers. The burgers were derived from 3 different formulations (C, control, with no additives; Tu with 3.5% of turmeric powder and AA with 0.1% of ascorbic acid) and were stored at 4°C for 0 and 7 d and cooked. The lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances [TBARS]) and antioxidant capacity (2,2-azinobis-[3 ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid] {ABTS}, 1,1-diphenyl-2-pircydrazyl [DPPH] and ferric reducing ability [FRAP]) were evaluated. A significant interaction between storage time and formulation (P<0.001) was observed for DPPH, FRAP and TBARS in cooked burgers. At day 0 and day 7, the DPPH value was higher in Tu and AA compared to C burgers. At day 0, C showed a lower level of FRAP than the Tu and AA burgers. At day 7, the FRAP values tended to decrease but remained significantly higher in Tu and AA compared to C burgers. Lipid oxidation at day 0 in Tu and AA showed lower TBARS values compared to C burgers. The addition of 3.5% turmeric powder in rabbit burgers exerts an antioxidant effect during storage and it seems more effective in controlling lipid oxidation than ascorbic acid after cooking.
A Novel Framework for Molecular Characterization of Atmospheric Organic Aerosol Based on Collision Cross Section and Mass-to-Charge Ratio
Authors: Zhang X. , Krechmer J. E. , Groessl M. , Xu W. , Graf S. , Cubison M. , Jayne J. T. , Jimenez J. L. , Worsnop D. R. , Canagaratna M. R.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. A new metric is introduced for representing the molecular signature of atmospheric organic aerosols, the collision cross section (Ω), a quantity that is related to the structure and geometry of molecules and is derived from ion mobility measurements. By combination with the mass-to-charge ratio (m/z), a two-dimensional Ω–m/z space is developed to facilitate the comprehensive investigation of the complex organic aerosol mixture. A unique distribution pattern of chemical classes, characterized by functional groups including amine, alcohol, carbonyl, carboxylic acid, ester, and organic sulfate, is developed on the 2-D Ω–m/z space. Species of the same chemical class, despite variations in the molecular structures, tend to situate as a narrow band on the space and follow a trend line. Reactions involving changes in functionalization and fragmentation can be represented by the directionalities along or across these trend lines, thus allowing for the interpretation of mechanisms associated with the formation and evolution of atmospheric organic aerosol. The characteristics of trend lines for a variety of functionalities that are commonly present in ambient aerosols can be predicted by the core model simulations, which provide a useful tool to identify the chemical class to which an unknown species belongs on the Ω–m/z space. Within the band produced by each chemical class on the space, molecular structural assignment can be achieved by utilizing collision induced dissociation as well as by comparing the measured collision cross sections in the context of those obtained via molecular dynamics simulations.
A new high-transmission inlet for the Caltech nano-RDMA for size distribution measurements of sub-3 nm ions at ambient concentrations
Authors: Franchin Alessandro , Downard Andy , Kangasluoma Juha , Nieminen Tuomo , Lehtipalo Katrianne , Steiner Gerhard , Manninen Hanna E. , Petäjä Tuukka , Flagan Richard C. , Kulmala Markku
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Reliable and reproducible measurements of atmospheric aerosol particle number size distributions below 10 nm require optimized classification instruments with high particle transmission efficiency. Almost all differential mobility analyzers (DMAs) have an unfavorable potential gradient at the outlet (e.g., long column, Vienna type) or at the inlet (nano-radial DMA), preventing them from achieving a good transmission efficiency for the smallest nanoparticles. We developed a new high-transmission inlet for the Caltech nano-radial DMA (nRDMA) that increases the transmission efficiency to 12 % for ions as small as 1.3 nm in Millikan–Fuchs mobility equivalent diameter, Dp (corresponding to 1.2  ×  10−4 m2 V−1 s−1 in electrical mobility). We successfully deployed the nRDMA, equipped with the new inlet, in chamber measurements, using a particle size magnifier (PSM) and as a booster a condensation particle counter (CPC). With this setup, we were able to measure size distributions of ions within a mobility range from 1.2  ×  10−4 to 5.8  ×  10−6 m2 V−1 s−1. The system was modeled, tested in the laboratory and used to measure negative ions at ambient concentrations in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) 7 measurement campaign at CERN. We achieved a higher size resolution (R  =  5.5 at Dp  =  1.47 nm) than techniques currently used in field measurements (e.g., Neutral cluster and Air Ion Spectrometer (NAIS), which has a R  ∼  2 at largest sizes, and R  ∼  1.8 at Dp  =  1.5 nm) and maintained a good total transmission efficiency (6.3 % at Dp  =  1.5 nm) at moderate inlet and sheath airflows (2.5 and 30 L min−1, respectively). In this paper, by measuring size distributions at high size resolution down to 1.3 nm, we extend the limit of the current technology. The current setup is limited to ion measurements. However, we envision that future research focused on the charging mechanisms could extend the technique to measure neutral aerosol particles as well, so that it will be possible to measure size distributions of ambient aerosols from 1 nm to 1 µm.
Combining livestock production information in a process-based vegetation model to reconstruct the history of grassland management
Authors: Chang Jinfeng , Ciais Philippe , Herrero Mario , Havlik Petr , Campioli Matteo , Zhang Xianzhou , Bai Yongfei , Viovy Nicolas , Joiner Joanna , Wang Xuhui , Peng Shushi , Yue Chao , Piao Shilong , Wang Tao , Hauglustaine Didier A. , Soussana Jean-Francois , Peregon Anna , Kosykh Natalya , Mironycheva-Tokareva Nina
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Grassland management type (grazed or mown) and intensity (intensive or extensive) play a crucial role in the greenhouse gas balance and surface energy budget of this biome, both at field scale and at large spatial scale. However, global gridded historical information on grassland management intensity is not available. Combining modelled grass-biomass productivity with statistics of the grass-biomass demand by livestock, we reconstruct gridded maps of grassland management intensity from 1901 to 2012. These maps include the minimum area of managed vs. maximum area of unmanaged grasslands and the fraction of mown vs. grazed area at a resolution of 0.5° by 0.5°. The grass-biomass demand is derived from a livestock dataset for 2000, extended to cover the period 1901–2012. The grass-biomass supply (i.e. forage grass from mown grassland and biomass grazed) is simulated by the process-based model ORCHIDEE-GM driven by historical climate change, rising CO2 concentration, and changes in nitrogen fertilization. The global area of managed grassland obtained in this study increases from 6.1  ×  106 km2 in 1901 to 12.3  ×  106 km2 in 2000, although the expansion pathway varies between different regions. ORCHIDEE-GM also simulated augmentation in global mean productivity and herbage-use efficiency over managed grassland during the 20th century, indicating a general intensification of grassland management at global scale but with regional differences. The gridded grassland management intensity maps are model dependent because they depend on modelled productivity. Thus specific attention was given to the evaluation of modelled productivity against a series of observations from site-level net primary productivity (NPP) measurements to two global satellite products of gross primary productivity (GPP) (MODIS-GPP and SIF data). Generally, ORCHIDEE-GM captures the spatial pattern, seasonal cycle, and interannual variability of grassland productivity at global scale well and thus is appropriate for global applications presented here.
Surface formation, preservation, and history of low-porosity crusts at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica
Authors: Fegyveresi John M. , Alley Richard B. , Muto Atsuhiro , Orsi Anaïs J. , Spencer Matthew K.
Published: June 2016

Abstract. Observations at the WAIS Divide site show that near-surface snow is strongly altered by weather-related processes such as strong winds and temperature fluctuations, producing features that are recognizable in the deep ice core. Prominent "glazed" surface crusts develop frequently at the site during summer seasons. Surface, snow pit, and ice core observations made in this study during summer field seasons from 2008–09 to 2012–13, supplemented by Automated Weather Station (AWS) data with insolation sensors, revealed that such crusts formed during relatively low-wind, low-humidity, clear-sky periods with intense daytime sunshine. After formation, such glazed surfaces typically developed cracks in a polygonal pattern with few-meter spacing, likely from thermal contraction at night. Cracking was commonest when several clear days occurred in succession, and was generally followed by surface hoar growth; vapor escaping through the cracks during sunny days may have contributed to the high humidity that favored nighttime formation of surface hoar. Temperature and radiation observations showed that daytime solar heating often warmed the near-surface snow above the air temperature, contributing to mass transfer favoring crust formation and then surface hoar formation. Subsequent investigation of the WDC06A deep ice core revealed that crusts are preserved through the bubbly ice, and some occur in snow accumulated during winters, although not as commonly as in summertime deposits. Although no one has been on site to observe crust formation during winter, it may be favored by greater wintertime wind-packing from stronger peak winds, high temperatures and steep temperature gradients from rapid midwinter warmings reaching as high as −15 °C, and perhaps longer intervals of surface stability. Time-variations in crust occurrence in the core may provide paleoclimatic information, although additional studies are required. Discontinuity and cracking of crusts likely explain why crusts do not produce significant anomalies in other paleoclimatic records.
Satisfaction with Cognitive Rehabilitation Delivered via the Internet in Persons with Acquired Brain Injury
Authors: Bergquist Thomas F. , Yutsis Maya , Sullan Molly J.
Published: June 2016

We examined the level of satisfaction with cognitive rehabilitation delivered via the Internet in persons with moderate to severe acquired brain injury (ABI). Fifteen adults with moderate to severe ABI were randomized to 30 days of Internet-based active treatment (AT) or to a wait list (WL) group, and crossed over to the opposite condition after 30 sessions. Both caregivers and participants were assessed at three time points during the study. This study focused on participant satisfaction with receiving treatment in this manner. Though the results of this study showed no significant treatment effect, the vast majority of participants (>87%) were satisfied with treatment. Treatment satisfaction accounted for 25% of additional variance in predicting lower family ratings of mood difficulties after final assessment (p<.03). Greater satisfaction with treatment was positively correlated with greater employment rate after treatment (r=.63, p=.02), as well as lower family ratings of memory and mood difficulties after final assessment (r=-.59, p=.03; r=-.58, p=.03,). Results suggest that treatment satisfaction in persons with ABI is related to less activity limitations, and maintaining employment after cognitive rehabilitation delivered via the Internet.
American Telemedicine Association: 20th Annual International Meeting & Tradeshow
Authors: Bernard Jordana
Published: June 2016

The 2015 American Telemedicine Association (ATA 2015) Annual International Meeting & Tradeshow, will be held May 3-5, 2015 at the Los Angeles Convention Center. ATA 2015 will bring together healthcare professionals, leading telemedicine programs, and industry. This meeting has been the premier forum for professionals in the telemedicine, telehealth and mHealth space for over 20 years.  The world-class, peer reviewed program will include over 500 educational sessions and posters, highlighting the latest innovations, applications and delivery models in telemedicine. The expansive exhibit hall will host hundreds of leading vendors with groundbreaking remote healthcare technologies and services. The educational sessions at ATA 2015 will offer training, information, and updates on issues vital to the practice and industry of telemedicine.Detailed program information--including courses, sessions and Continuing Medical Education (CME) information--will be available at: http://www.americantelemed.org/ata-2015/conference-overview
Telerehabilitation Store and Forward Applications: A Review of Applications and Privacy Considerations in Physical and Occupational Therapy Practice
Authors: Peterson Christopher , Watzlaf Valerie
Published: June 2016

An overview of store and forward applications commonly used in physical and occupational therapy practice is reviewed with respect to regulation, privacy, security, and clinical applications. A privacy and security checklist provides a clear reference of pertinent regulatory issues regarding these software applications. A case study format is used to highlight clinical applications of store and forward software features. Important considerations of successful implementation of store and forward applications are also identified and discussed.
Imágenes recalcitrantes: el caso de la proclamación de Juan Carlos I como rey de España (22 de noviembre de 1975)
Authors: Berthier Nancy
Published: June 2016

En el flujo informativo, algunas imágenes, que calificamos aquí de “recalcitrantes” se resisten a perecer y sobreviven a su contexto de producción. El presente estudio analiza cómo una de ellas, la secuencia televisiva de la proclamación de Juan Carlos como sucesor de Francisco Franco a la jefatura del estado, el 22 de noviembre de 1975, ha sobrevivido, metamorfoseándose hasta hoy en día, de pantallas en pantallas, a través de una muestra representativa de algunas de sus reelaboraciones más significativas.
28 de octubre de 1982, una noche para un líder. Radiografía de una imagen para la Historia
Authors: Tranche Rafael R.
Published: June 2016

El presente artículo aborda la relación entre los medios de comunicación y la Transición española. La prensa tuvo un gran protagonismo durante esa etapa, al hacerse eco e impulsar la acción política en pro de la democracia. Con posterioridad, los medios han intentado gestionar el discurso sobre su significación actual. Dentro de esta lógica, la fotografía ha alcanzado un estatus singular gracias a su papel de cronista y su circulación posterior, una suerte de “memoria gráfica” llamada a contener los momentos decisivos del periodo. En este sentido, la foto de Felipe González y Alfonso Guerra, saludando desde el balcón del Hotel Palace la noche del 28 de octubre de 1982, se ha convertido en un icono de la Transición.
El impacto de la presencia online en las cuentas de Twitter de las universidades vascas y navarras
Authors: Castillo Harris , Pérez-Latre Francisco Javier
Published: June 2016

Las Universidades han tenido que adaptarse a los nuevos modelos de comunicación surgidos en la época de Internet. Dentro de estos nuevos paradigmas las redes sociales han irrumpido y Twitter se ha establecido como una de las más importantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es demostrar que existe una relación entre la presencia online de una Universidad, definida por la cantidad de información disponible en Internet, y su cuenta en Twitter. Para ello se analizó la relación entre la presencia online y los perfiles oficiales de las cinco universidades del País Vasco y Navarra. Los resultados demostraron la existencia de una correlación significativa entre la presencia online de las instituciones y el número de seguidores de sus respectivas cuentas. En segundo lugar, esta investigación se planteó si Twitter puede servir para potenciar la presencia online de una Universidad. Es por eso que se formuló una segunda hipótesis que buscaba analizar si tener varias cuentas en Twitter aumentaría la presencia online de las Universidades. Los hallazgos para esta segunda hipótesis demostraron una correlación muy significativa entre tener varios perfiles en Twitter y la presencia online de las Universidades. Así queda demostrada la importancia de la presencia online para las cuentas de Twitter y la relevancia de Twitter a la hora de potenciar la presencia online de los centros.
El interés de la audiencia por las intervenciones televisivas de Pablo Iglesias: estrategia comunicativa de Podemos
Authors: Gallardo-Camacho Jorge , Lavín Eva
Published: June 2016

Este artículo analiza la eclosión mediática y política del partido político Podemos durante sus primeros meses de vida tras las elecciones europeas. Comprobaremos si el interés que despierta el partido en sus inicios, en intención de voto, se traslada a las audiencias de televisión con dos hipótesis que muestran la estrategia comunicativa de Podemos y su repercusión: la H1 afirma que los programas en los que participa Pablo Iglesias obtienen mayor audiencia de la habitual y la H2 plantea que la apuesta del líder de Podemos por el medio televisivo es muy superior y con mejores resultados con respecto a los partidos clásicos. Los resultados demuestran que los programas en los que participa (N=14) crecen un 62% y baten récord de audiencia. Concluimos que la estrategia comunicativa de Podemos da importancia a la televisión, además de continuar con la estrategia en redes aprendida en el 15M.
El consumidor ante la infoxicación en el discurso periodístico
Authors: Gómez Nieto Begoña
Published: June 2016

En el contexto mediático actual, el usuario está expuesto cada día a una saturación informativa sin precedentes. La diversidad de medios mediante los que recibe informaciones, junto con la revolución a todos los niveles que ha supuesto la integración de Internet, hace que el consumidor esté bombardeado literalmente por multitud de mensajes. Pero este bombardeo no implica una calidad informativa, sino que puede suponer un desajuste entre el número de informaciones y la calidad de las mismas, evitando así que el usuario conozca la realidad con veracidad y profundidad. Este artículo analiza exhaustivamente el fenómeno de esta sobreexposición denominado infoxicación, los peligros reales que encierra, las soluciones posibles y cómo afecta al usuario y al Periodismo en la producción de productos escritos y audiovisuales a través de los diversos medios.
El periodismo deportivo condicionado por la gestión comunicativa de los clubes de fútbol: el caso del FC Barcelona
Authors: Olabe Sánchez Fernando
Published: June 2016

Las relaciones entre los gabinetes de Comunicación de los clubes de fútbol y los periodistas deportivos se enmarcan en el modelo de Gieber y Johnson (1961) por el que el hecho de que ambos compartan objetivos comunes, donde los gabinetes de Comunicación necesitan que los medios publiquen determinadas informaciones y los periodistas precisan de noticias que publicar, provoca una pérdida de independencia por parte de los periodistas, ya que necesitan a esos departamentos como fuentes. En la actualidad, los departamentos de Comunicación de los clubes de fútbol, como el del FC Barcelona, se han constituido en gatekeepers. Esto ha acentuado las históricas diferencias que existen entre los periodistas y los profesionales de la comunicación corporativa, incrementado por el control informativo de estos departamentos lo que provoca constantes tensiones entre ambos.
Efecto de la lectura de crónicas deportivas sobre la percepción de justicia y la predisposición a actos de protesta en el fútbol
Authors: Viciana Ramírez Jesús , Mayorga-Vega Daniel
Published: June 2016

En el presente estudio fueron analizadas tres crónicas de periódicos nacionales, uno generalista y dos deportivos, de la final de Copa del Rey de fútbol de 2014, para comprobar si influían en la percepción de justicia de los lectores y si consecuentemente originaban una predisposición determinada a participar en actos de protesta. Participaron 462 estudiantes universitarios. Los resultados mostraron que las diferentes crónicas deportivas causaron diferencias en la percepción de justicia dependiendo del aficionado y de la crónica leída. Sin embargo, no se encontró una clara influencia sobre la predisposición a actos de protesta. Esto debe hacernos recapacitar sobre el impacto de la prensa sobre los lectores aficionados deportivos y tomar conciencia de la responsabilidad de todos los sectores en los comportamientos antisociales generados por el fútbol en nuestro país.
Assessment of Genetic Diversity in Five Nicaraguan Populations of Cedrela odorata L. (Meliaceae) using RAPD Markers
Authors: Tijerino Arlen , Callejas Lourdes , Cerda-Granados David A.
Published: June 2016

The goal of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of Nicaraguan populations of Cedrela odorata using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Thus, genomic DNA was isolated from leaf samples collected from ninety-two trees belonging to five Nicaraguan natural populations of C. odorata. The mean number of alleles per locus, effective number of alleles per locus, percentage of polymorphic loci, genetic diversity (He ) of Nei and diversity index (Ho ) of Shannon were estimated for each population assuming that the populations were in HardyWeinberg equilibrium. Total genetic diversity was partitioned in intrapopulational and interpopulational diversity using Nei’s genetic differentiation (GST) and through an Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). The ΦST matrix was used to construct a dendrogram by the neighbor-joining method. According to values of both He and Ho , Esquipulas (Deparment of Matagalpa) presented the lowest diversity level; while La Trinidad (Department of Estelí) showed the highest diversity level. Genetic differentiation was calculated obtaining a GST value of 13.36%. AMOVA also showed a similar differentiation value ΦST =13.81%). Neighbour-joining dendrogram clustered the five populations in two groups, where the group formed by La Trinidad and El Refugio (Department of Granada) presented the biggest differentiation. Correlation between genetic and geographical distances was not found.
La democracia y sus desafíos desde la perspectiva ética
Authors: Sánchez González Mario
Published: June 2016

Agradezco a la Academia de Ciencia de Nicaragua y a los miembros del Comité organizador de esta cátedra Alejandro Serrano Caldera, por la oportunidad de participar en este magno evento.Como su nombre lo indica, esta disertación sobre la Democracia y sus desafíos esde la perspectiva ética, se desarrollará en torno a tres importantes ideas que el filósofo nicaragüense formula en su obra Los Dilemas de la Democracia.
Género y orden social en “Autoridad/Cuerpo/ Nación: batallas culturales en Nicaragua (1930- 1943)”, de Juan Pablo Gómez
Authors: Antillón Camilo
Published: June 2016

En un texto ya clásico, Joan Scott conceptualiza el género como “un  elemento constitutivo de las relaciones sociales, las cuales se basan en las diferencias percibidas entre los sexos”, y como “una forma primaria de las relaciones simbólicas de poder” (2008, p. 65). En tanto elemento constitutivo de las relaciones sociales, el género implica, según la autora, cuatro elementos interrelacionados: primero, los símbolos disponibles que evocan múltiples representaciones, según los contextos históricos particulares; segundo, conceptos normativos que oponen y jerarquizan esos símbolos según el binario masculino-femenino; tercero: instituciones sociales, políticas y económicas, tales como el parentesco, el mercado y el régimen gubernamental; y cuarto, la producción de subjetividades.
PRODUCTION OF DOCOSAHEXAENOIC ACID (DHA) FROM Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 USING DIFFERENTS NITROGEN CONCENTRATIONS
Authors: Mendes Furlan Valcenir Júnior , DO CASTELO PAULO MARIA , Wegner Maus Victor , Ferreira Júlia , Batista Irineu , Bandarra Narcisa Maria
Published: June 2016

Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) of the type ω3 and ω6 play important physiological functions in human organism, since they are components of cell membranes and brain cells; they decrease the levels of triglycerides and can prevent the incidence of coronary heart disease. Various parameters, including concentration of the nitrogen source in the cultivation of oleaginous microorganisms have been reported to be essential in the biosynthesis and accumulation of PUFAs. The objective of this work is to study the effect of different concentrations of total nitrogen (TN) in the production of PUFAs, especially DHA, from Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185. The concentrations of TN evaluated were 2.4 and 0.8 g/L (batch) and 0.009 g/L (hourly) under fed-batch process. The content of cell biomass, glucose consumption, TN and production of PUFAs was determined. The major composition of the PUFAs in Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 cell biomass were DPA ω6 (21-25%) and DHA (69-73%), regardless of the type and time of culture. The maximum cell concentration obtained (30.2 g/L) was using 2.4 g/L TN in 168 h of culture. With this same concentration of TN it was possible to produce the highest concentration of DHA (1.16 g/L) in 120 h of culture, demonstrating that the growth of Thraustochytrium sp. ATCC 26185 and yield of PUFAs are dependent on the concentration TN source available for consumption of this oleaginous microorganism, as well as culture time.
ADVANCES IN PRESERVATION OF FRUITS AND VEGETABLES WITH BIOACTIVE COATINGS
Authors: ROJAS ROMEO , VICENTE ANTONIO A. , AGUILAR CRISTÓBAL N.
Published: June 2016

Bioactive compounds are a large group of compounds (antimicrobials, antioxidants, nutrients, etc.), but its use in edible films and coatings for application on fruits and vegetables has been very important because nowadays the consumers demand fruits and vegetables that are fresh, healthy, high quality and easy to prepare. A number of investigations have shown that the use of additives in edible films and coatings improve its functionability and provide compounds for human health. However, it is necessary to continue research that can generate specific or tailor-made edible films and coatings for each product with the best characteristics for preservation. In this review we present and analyze the concepts, progress and perspectives in the design and application of edible films and coatings for fruits and vegetables in order to define the challenges and opportunities that this topic of study in the field of science, technology and food engineering.
PHYSICAL CHANGES OF TILAPIA FISH BURGER DURING FROZEN STORAGE
Authors: Bainy Eduarda M. , Bertan Larissa C. , Corazza Marcos L. , Lenzi Marcelo K.
Published: June 2016

The effects of frozen storage on weight loss during freezing, cooking yield, dimensional changes, and instrumental texture parameters of tilapia fish burger were evaluated during 6 months. Frozen storage for 1 month significantly increased the fish burger shear force, hardness and thickness reduction. Weight loss during freezing (0.6 ± 0.1 %) did not increase with storage time. There was no hardness (29.9 ± 0.7 N) and shear force (5.5 ± 0.2 N) increase during the frozen storage from 1 to 6 months. Tilapia fish burger can be stored for up to 6 months with minor physical changes.
A trajetória social da Irmã Tereza Araújo: serviço e contemplação
Authors: Kulaitis Leticia Figueira Moutinho
Published: June 2016

Estudo da trajetória social da Irmã Tereza Araújo (1919-1981), religiosa da Congregação das Filhas da Caridade de São Vicente de Paulo que, na década de 1970 a 1980, realizou a primeira inserção religiosa em meio popular no bairro do Boqueirão e influenciou a atuação de obras comunitárias em Curitiba e Região Metropolitana de Curitiba, bem como do Centro de Formação Urbano-Rural Irmã Araújo, fundado em 1981.O objetivo central desta dissertação é reconstruir a trajetória social da Irmã Tereza Araújo, o que envolve investigar, sociologicamente, o modo como a religiosa percorreu o espaço social. Sendo assim, o problema de pesquisa levantado neste trabalho corresponde as seguintes questões: Como seu deu a trajetória social da Irmã Araújo?; Quais os aspectos da trajetória social da Irmã Araújo que fazem com que esta permaneça como influência nos trabalhos comunitários de Curitiba e Região Metropolitana?. Em Norbert Elias e Pierre Bourdieu foram encontradas as orientações teóricas e metodológicas necessárias à construção, em perspectiva sociológica, da biografia de um indivíduo. Portanto, conceitos como habitus, campo e trajetória social, em Bourdieu e configuração, interdependência e equilíbrio de poder, em Elias, assumem fundamental importância na realização deste trabalho. Além destes conceitos, o conceito de carisma é utilizado neste trabalho, como discutido por Bourdieu e Elias, para estabelecer a relação entre o histórico da Companhia das Filhas da Caridade e a trajetória da Irmã Tereza Araújo. Pode-se concluir que realizando de forma intensa o habitus vicentino, a Irmã Araújo destacou-se no campo religioso, pois sua dedicação aos princípios da Companhia das Filhas da Caridade valeu a religiosa um grande investimento da ordem em sua formação e o reconhecimento daqueles que conheceram seu trabalho.
Trajetória política, reforma administrativa e ações para a juventude: o caso da divisão para assuntos da juventude em Blumenau/SC
Authors: Quintani Pablo Filipe
Published: June 2016

Este artigo fala sobre o processo de institucionalização de um espaço, dentro da esfera municipal, para a execução de políticas para juventude. Este espaço é a Divisão para Assuntos da Juventude (DAJ) da cidade de Blumenau/SC. Esta análise buscou reconstruir como se deu esse processo de institucionalização revelando os diferentes aspectos de ordem política, eventos históricos e atores envolvidos na criação da DAJ.
Falar de Joaquim é falar de Dalton!
Authors: Silva Lia Mara De Souza da
Published: June 2016

O artigo aborda a trajetória da revista Joaquim que nasceu para quebrar com uma hegemonia dominante que se impunha à literatura paranaense há mais de meio século, a do Paranismo, que através de uma elite local criou e apadrinhou o campo das artes paranaenses. Assim sendo, para que se possa entender as mudanças sofridas no campo das correntes literárias curitibanas, e o impacto causado por Joaquim na sociedade paranaense dos anos 1930/50, faremos uma retrospectiva histórica do ambiente cultural a fim de podermos contextualizar o nascimento da revista e em que modo ela pode, em um determinado momento reunir jovens literários dispostos a romper com a dominação do então representativo Movimento Paranista, abrindo espaço para uma outra  forma de expressão literária, a dos modernistas.
Lugares de Memória e Turismo Religioso: a Presença de Irmã Dulce em São Cristóvão-Sergipe-Brasil (1933-1934)
Authors: Aragão Ivan Rêgo , Da Silva Filho José Thiago
Published: June 2016

O centro antigo da cidade de São Cristóvão tem sido destaque por conter elementos que a caracterizam como lugar privilegiado para o desenvolvimento do turismo cultural em Sergipe (Brasil). Essa notoriedade foi ampliada quando a cidade iniciou o processo de reconhecimento da Praça São Francisco à Patrimônio Cultural da Humanidade pela Organização das Nações Unidas para a Educação, Ciência e Cultura. No entanto, um fato olvidado ocorreu no Convento de Nossa Senhora do Carmo da cidade, entre os anos de 1933 e 1934 a Beata Irmã Dulce realizou o noviciado, na Congregação das Irmãs Missionárias da Imaculada Conceição da Mãe de Deus. Nesse sentido, o objetivo principal do presente artigo é apresentar o período de estadia de Irmã Dulce em São Cristóvão, evidenciando o caráter promissor deste fato na formação de um atrativo do Turismo Religioso em Sergipe. A partir de pesquisa biobibliográfica em livros, revistas e monografias, digital em websites, análise documental e trabalho de campo, biografou-se a Beata Irmã Dulce dos Pobres e sua permanência em São Cristóvão, demarcando os lugares de memória potencialmente turistificados.
Effect of Formative and Ability Test Results on Early Learning of Students
Authors: Kadir Abdul , Ardi Muhammad , B. Nurhayati , Dirawan Gufran Darma
Published: June 2016

The objective of this study was to examine the relationship of formative tests to early learning ability of students in the science learning style. This research used an experimental method with a 2 x 2 factorial design. The participants comprised all the students in class VII of the Islamic Junior High School State of Kolaka, a total of 343 students from 9 classes. Sampling was based on the use of a two-stage cluster sampling technique to randomly select four classes of students. The four classes were re-randomized, with two being given formative tests and two being given multiple choice tests. The t-test was used to measure the student learning outcomes. The results showed: (1) the use of formative tests in narrative form in the learning process can provide a measure of higher learning output compared with the use of formative multiple choice tests. (2) For those students who have a high initial ability, the use of formative tests can provide higher learning outcomes compared with the use of multiple choice tests. (3) For those students who have a lower initial ability, the use of formative tests in narrative form does not provide a different outcome to tests in multiple choice formats.
Will Medical Technology Deskill Doctors?
Authors: Lu Jingyan
Published: June 2016

This paper discusses the impact of medical technology on health care in light of the fact that doctors are becoming more reliant on technology for obtaining patient information, making diagnoses and in carrying out treatments. Evidence has shown that technology can negatively affect doctor-patient communications, physical examination skills, and development of clinical knowledge. We propose three possible approaches to medical education and professional development to assist human doctors in acquiring a better understanding of the relative role of technology. The approaches include providing undergraduate and professional development training on using medical technology, helping students recognize the importance of clinical evidence, and helping doctors establish autonomy while interfacing with medical technology.
Instruments of Change: An Action Research Study of Studio Art Instruction in Teacher Education
Authors: Soganci Ismail O.
Published: June 2016

This article narrates a nine-month action research project conducted in order to improve studio art instruction in a preservice art education programme in Turkey. Setting out to determine the relevant problems through interpretation of conversations, anecdotes, essays and observations of 16 third-year BA students, the instructional atmosphere was rearranged with respect to three themes deduced in the action research process: “us and them,” “old-fashioned curriculum,” and “caring”. The principal results illustrate the concrete examples of “instruments of change” that integrate these themes in studio art teaching: Design of the studio, willing participation, guidance on demand, collegial environment, inclusive curriculum, language, social media and music, and casual interaction. The study presents articulations of participants on each one of these instruments through direct quotes along with links to the broader educational literature. The final concentration is on a discussion based on the changes in the instructional setting conveying the essential role of “caring” in the processes of forming “instruments of change” for art education professionals.
Problems of the Immigrant Students’ Teachers: Are They Ready to Teach?
Authors: Eres Figen
Published: June 2016

Aim of the study is to investigate the problems faced by the teachers’ of immigrant children living in Turkey. The study was conducted based on the qualitative phenomenological research design and purposive sampling method was used. Qualitative research technique was used to collect, analyze and interpret data and technically content analysis was used in this research. A semi-structured interview schedule prepared in accordance with the qualitative research approach is used as a data collection tool. As a result of the analysis, it was found that main problems face by these teachers were categorized as problems caused by the Ministry of Education, adaptation problems of the students and problems related with the migrant parents. Among them, most complained problems were those caused by the Ministry of Education. Depending on the data obtained, it can be said that, Ministry of Education has no policy or planning about the education of the migrants and the teachers were not prepared for the education and training of migrant children. Another finding was the indifference of the migrant parents regarding the school. A striking point in the study was that the teachers never mentioned about the problems concerning the differences of race, ethnicity or gender. As a result of the evaluation, it is suggested that the Ministry of Education should provide language training for immigrants and care more about the equivalence of the students, training teachers and candidate teachers about immigrant pedagogy and to develop better relations between the school and the migrant families.
Fairness Perceptions and Experiences of Muslim University Students in Canada
Authors: Erkan Serdar , Walker Keith D.
Published: June 2016

The purpose of this article is to examine the perceptions and experiences of fairness amongst Muslim post-secondary students based on our gathering of data using a web-based survey. The participants, 189 Muslim students, were reached via student organizations, national and local Muslim organizations, and Muslim student groups organized on Facebook. Following these initial contact points, snowball sampling was used to invite prospective participants to respond to the quantitative items in the survey instrument (which also included qualitative inquiries). These quantitative responses were analyzed using descriptive statistical analysis techniques. For Muslim students, their university was perceived as the most fair amongst their experience of settings, followed by Canada in general, and the country that these Muslim students culturally most identified with. The World, at large, was perceived as the most unfair setting for responding Muslims. Except for the country that Muslim students culturally identified with, all settings were perceived to be fairer for non-Muslims than for Muslims. The majority of Muslim students reported that they had encountered, observed, or experienced unfairness at least once in their university settings during the previous academic year and that they had been impacted by that experience of unfairness.
Investigating the Financial Awareness and Behaviors of Veterinary Medical Students
Authors: Snyder Amy M. , Royal Kenneth D.
Published: June 2016

A sample of veterinary medical students were administered a modified version of the Financial Fitness Quiz (FFQ) to gain insights about current veterinary students money management behaviors (e.g., developing financial goals, having a spending plan, accumulating savings, etc.). Results demonstrate students possess a general awareness and conscientiousness toward personal finance. In some cases, veterinary students engaged in positive financial behaviors at a higher rate than average consumers in the United States, and most reported having more cash on hand to cover an emergency than average consumers in the United States. While students generally appear to understand the negative impact of debt, results indicate most students do not fully appreciate the value of personal budgeting or annual calculations of net worth.
Monetary Policy and Financial Stability: A CEMAC Zone Case Study
Authors: Ngakosso Antoine
Published: June 2016

This article scrutinizes the relation between the monetary policy and the financial stability driving data from CEMAC zone countries. Furthermore, it aims to know if in addition to its mandate about price stability, the BEAC bank integrates the financial stability in its monetary policy. My method is based on the Taylor Increased Rule estimation of the financial price assets and the econometric test. The results show that the separated policy-mix better fits for CEMAC zone countries. Furthermore, it comes out that the adapted monetary policy practiced by BEAC bank currently ensures the price stability.
More than a Fair Share? Principal-Principal Conflicts in Emerging Markets: Evidence from India
Authors: Ladkani Radha M. , Banerjee Ashok
Published: June 2016

The concentrated ownership structure of emerging market firms may help mitigate principal-agent conflicts; however, the presence of two sets of principals, promoters with controlling stake and dispersed shareholders, may give rise to principal-principal conflicts. India, where firms are largely organized as business groups, with stock pyramids and complex cross-ownership structures, presents a distinctive venue to study the presence of such conflicts. This paper tests if the principal-principal conflicts transpire in the form of risk aversion when Indian bidders seek to merge or acquire. We observe that Indian bidders resort to risk-aversion only when promoters have high cash flow rights, that is, when they hold a majority stake in the acquiring firm. We argue that in business group firms this is likely to happen due to ‘tunnelling distortion’, whereas in standalone firms, this is likely to occur due to ‘portfolio concentration’. However, on investigating deal-announcement returns, we observe that firms with high promoter ownership create value.
Mental and Practical Roots of the Formation of Democratic Party of Iran and Its Ruling Thought
Authors: Ahmadi Mohammad Ali
Published: June 2016

social groups, new political currents inspired from socialist thoughts entered the political scene of Iran. This current before the formation of second national counsel parliament was active under different groups and categories. The establishment of new political system after the victory of constitutionalists over minor tyranny and conquering Tehran some of the activists of these organizations were persuaded to engage at parliamentary activities. Change of the election law at the threshold of second parliament establishment which abolished the union representativeness principle facilitated the possibility of party activities in parliament therefore by the occurrence of the new conditions the activities of these groups were oriented to direct influence and attendance in the power structure by the party. With this goal in mind, some of the EJTEMAIYUN and a number of active Armenian social democrats of Tabriz with the assistance of Rasulzade, socialist , founded . The present study is an attempt to analyze the bases which lead to the cooperation of these people with various political and organizational origins. The practical actions of the organizers by direct extraction from documents related to Democrat Party and the extraction of the ruling thought from the published texts by this organization constitute the content of the present article.
Non-applicability of Prescription to War Crimes during Iraq’s War against Iran
Authors: Ghorishi Seyed Rasoul , Niavarani Sabber , Zamani Seyed Ghasem
Published: June 2016

International responsibility of Iraq regarding imposed war against Iran and compensating all harms has been an issue attracted public attention in Iran; in a way that sometimes it has been discussed. Nevertheless, it should not be ignored that this war happened long time ago, thus it involves the issue of Prescription or Statutory Limitations. Since the Statutory Limitation often is the main obstacle facing the culture of non-punishment, the main question is that whether Iraqi’s war crimes is supposed to prescription?
It should be noted that prominent values of humanity entail the condemning of severe international crimes and non-applicability of principle of prescription. Therefore, International Criminal Law through codification of regional and international documents including the Supreme Iraqi Criminal Tribunal has predicted a period of 35 years for investigation of Iraqi high-ranking officials’ crimes: Accordingly, it seems that the theory of non-applicability of prescription over Iraqi’s war crimes during war against Iran has been substantiated.
Metabolism of six CYP probe substrates in fetal hepatocytes
Authors: Shaik Abdul Naveed , Vishwakarma Sandeep Kumar , Khan Aleem A
Published: June 2016

Cytochrome P-450 (CYP) are the most common drug metabolizing enzymes and are abundantly expressed in liver apart from kidney, lungs, intestine, brain etc. Their expression levels change with physiological conditions and disease states. The expression of these CYPs is less in human foetus and neonates compared to adults, which results in lower clearance of xenobiotics in infants and neonates compared to adults. Hepatocytes are the cells which are largely used to study these CYPs. We have isolated hepatocytes from aborted foetus to study the metabolism of six probe substrates: phenacetin, diclofenac, S-mephenytoin, dextromethorphan, nifedipine and testosterone. The results obtained show the expression of various CYPs (CYP1A2, CYP2C19, CYP2C9, CYP2D6, and CYP3A4) in human foetus and their involvement in metabolism of CYP probe substrates.