bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The Symbolic Type Revisited: Semiotics in Practice and the Reformation of the Israeli Commemorative Context
Authors: Kidron Carol A. , Handelman Don
Published: May 2016

Revisiting Grathoff's theory of symbolic type (ST), we examine the personal evolution and commemorative work of Tsipi Kichler, a cultural entrepreneur and founder of an alternative Israeli Holocaust museum/geriatric center. As hybrid product of Israeli social cleavages, Kichler exteriorizes her paradoxical vision in the museum aiming to reform Holocaust‐related discourse and practice. Early biographical positioning and resultant contradictions become translated into resistant commemorative performance where serious humor deconstructs the binaries of life/death and past/present. We consider the implications of the ST's self‐referential closure to interaction, and the transformative potential of the alignment of cultural entrepreneurs' personal memory with collective memory.
A map of terminal regulators of neuronal identity in Caenorhabditis elegans
Authors: Hobert Oliver
Published: May 2016

Our present day understanding of nervous system development is an amalgam of insights gained from studying different aspects and stages of nervous system development in a variety of invertebrate and vertebrate model systems, with each model system making its own distinctive set of contributions. One aspect of nervous system development that has been among the most extensively studied in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans is the nature of the gene regulatory programs that specify hardwired, terminal cellular identities. I first summarize a number of maps (anatomical, functional, and molecular) that describe the terminal identity of individual neurons in the C. elegans nervous system. I then provide a comprehensive summary of regulatory factors that specify terminal identities in the nervous system, synthesizing these past studies into a regulatory map of cellular identities in the C. elegans nervous system. This map shows that for three quarters of all neurons in the C. elegans nervous system, regulatory factors that control terminal identity features are known. In‐depth studies of specific neuron types have revealed that regulatory factors rarely act alone, but rather act cooperatively in neuron‐type specific combinations. In most cases examined so far, distinct, biochemically unlinked terminal identity features are coregulated via cooperatively acting transcription factors, termed terminal selectors, but there are also cases in which distinct identity features are controlled in a piecemeal fashion by independent regulatory inputs. The regulatory map also illustrates that identity‐defining transcription factors are reemployed in distinct combinations in different neuron types. However, the same transcription factor can drive terminal differentiation in neurons that are unrelated by lineage, unrelated by function, connectivity and neurotransmitter deployment. Lastly, the regulatory map illustrates the preponderance of homeodomain transcription factors in the control of terminal identities, suggesting that these factors have ancient, phylogenetically conserved roles in controlling terminal neuronal differentiation in the nervous system. WIREs Dev Biol 2016, 5:474–498. doi: 10.1002/wdev.233

This article is categorized under:

Gene Expression and Transcriptional Hierarchies > Cellular Differentiation

Invertebrate Organogenesis > Worms

Nervous System Development > Worms
YPd2Al and YPd2Zn with LiCu2Sn Type Structure
Authors: Gerke Birgit , Rodewald Ute Ch. , Pöttgen Rainer
Published: May 2016

The palladium‐rich phases YPd2Al and YPd2Zn were synthesized from the elements; YPd2Al by arc‐melting and YPd2Zn by induction melting in a sealed niobium ampoule. The structure of YPd2Al was refined from single‐crystal X‐ray diffractometer data: LiCu2Sn type, P63/mmc, a = 433.9(2), c = 910.5(2) pm, wR2 = 0.0497, 150 F2 values, and 9 variables. The lattice parameters of YPd2Zn are a = 437.3(1) and c = 891.4(2) pm. The aluminum atoms in YPd2Al show strongly flattened octahedral palladium coordination. These AlPd6 octahedra are condensed via edges, forming layers around z = 0 and z = 1/2, which are condensed in c direction by weak Pd–Pd bonds. The yttrium atoms fill the cavities between these layers. YPd2Al and YPd2Zn belong to a larger family of 341 compounds with the Wyckoff sequence 194,fca. The distinctly different crystal chemical branches are briefly discussed.
Prospective Validation of Optimal Drain Management “The 3 × 3 Rule” after Liver Resection
Authors: Mitsuka Yusuke , Yamazaki Shintaro , Yoshida Nao , Masamichi Moriguchi , Higaki Tokio , Takayama Tadatoshi
Published: May 2016

Background

We previously established an optimal postoperative drain management rule after liver resection (i.e., drain removal on postoperative day 3 if the drain fluid bilirubin concentration is <3 mg/dl) from the results of 514 drains of 316 consecutive patients. This test set predicts that 274 of 316 patients (87.0 %) will be safely managed without adverse events when drain management is performed without deviation from the rule.

Objective

To validate the feasibility of our rule in recent time period.

Methods

The data from 493 drains of 274 consecutive patients were prospectively collected. Drain fluid volumes, bilirubin levels, and bacteriological cultures were measured on postoperative days (POD) 1, 3, 5, and 7. The drains were removed according to the management rule. The achievement rate of the rule, postoperative adverse events, hospital stay, medical costs, and predictive value for reoperation according to the rule were validated.

Results

The rule was achieved in 255 of 274 (93.1 %) patients. The drain removal time was significantly shorter [3 days (1–30) vs. 7 (2–105), p < 0.01], drain fluid infection was less frequent [4 patients (1.5 %) vs. 58 (18.4 %), p < 0.01], postoperative hospital stay was shorter [11 days (6–73) vs. 16 (9–59), p = 0.04], and medical costs were decreased [1453 USD (968–6859) vs. 1847 (4667–9498), p < 0.01] in the validation set compared with the test set. Five patients who required reoperation were predicted by the drain‐based information and treated within 2 days after operation.

Conclusions

Our 3 × 3 rule is clinically feasible and allows for the early removal of the drain tube with minimum infection risk after liver resection.
Comparison of Surgical Outcomes Between Radical Antegrade Modular Pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) and Standard Retrograde Pancreatosplenectomy (SPRS) for Left‐Sided Pancreatic Cancer
Authors: Abe Toshiya , Ohuchida Kenoki , Miyasaka Yoshihiro , Ohtsuka Takao , Oda Yoshinao , Nakamura Masafumi
Published: May 2016

Background

Radical antegrade modular pancreatosplenectomy (RAMPS) is a modification of standard retrograde pancreatosplenectomy (SRPS) used to achieve the dissection of N1 lymph nodes, early vascular control, and negative posterior margins. However, there have been few comparative studies regarding the clinical outcomes of the RAMPS and SRPS procedures.

Methods

Ninety‐three patients underwent distal pancreatectomy for the treatment of pancreas body and tail adenocarcinoma between 2000 and 2014. Clinicopathologic data were retrospectively analyzed in this study. We compared short‐ and long‐term outcomes between RAMPS and SRPS. In addition, we investigated the significance of clinicopathologic factors in left‐sided pancreatic cancers.

Results

Fifty‐three patients underwent RAMPS and 40 patients underwent SRPS. RAMPS revealed a larger number of retrieved lymph nodes [28.4 ± 11.6 vs 20.7 ± 10.1; P = 0.0016], more frequent R0 resection [90.5 vs 67.5 %; P = 0.0053], less intraoperative bleeding than SRPS [485.4 ± 63.3 vs 682.3 ± 72.8 ml; P = 0.0444], and shorter operating time (267.3 ± 11.5 vs 339.4 ± 13.2 min; P < 0.0001) as compared with SRPS. In comparing RAMPS and SRPS, RAMPS showed a tendency for improvement of the median survival times than SRPS (47 vs 34 months) (P = 0.1920). In the multivariate analysis, R1 resection, histologic grade, and vascular invasion for overall survival (OS) were found to be independent factors.

Conclusions

There were a decrease of intraoperative bleeding and an increase in the number of retrieved lymph nodes and the R0 resection rate using RAMPS as compared with SRPS.
Combinatorial metabolic pathway assembly in the yeast genome with RNA-guided Cas9
Authors: EauClaire Steve F , Zhang Jianzhong , Rivera Corban Gregory , Huang Lixuan L
Published: May 2016

The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important industrial platform for the production of grain and cellulosic ethanol, isobutanol, butanediol, isoprenoids, and other chemicals. The construction of a successful production strain usually involves multiple gene knockouts and chromosomal integration of expression cassettes to redirect the metabolic fluxes for the conversion of sugars and other feed stocks into the desired product. RNA-guided Cas9 based genome editing has been demonstrated in many prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts including S. cerevisiae, in which it has been additionally exploited as a tool for metabolic engineering. To extend the utilization of RNA-guided Cas9 as a metabolic pathway building tool, we demonstrated the direct assembly and chromosomal integration of up to 17 overlapping DNA fragments encoding the beta-carotene biosynthetic pathway. Furthermore, we generated a combinatorial strain library for the beta-carotene biosynthetic pathway, directly integrated into the yeast genome to create a diverse library of strains. This enabled the screening of combinatorial libraries in stable chromosomally integrated strains for rapid improvements of product titers. This combinatorial approach for pathway assembly will significantly accelerate the current speed of metabolic engineering for S. cerevisiae as an industrial platform, and increase the number of strains that can be simultaneously evaluated for enzyme screening, expression optimization and protein engineering to achieve the titer, rate and yield necessary for the commercialization of new industrial fermentation products.
Rationalization of genes for resistance to Bremia lactucae in lettuce
Authors: Parra Lorena , Maisonneuve Brigitte , Lebeda Ales , Schut Johan , Christopoulou Marilena , Jeuken Marieke , McHale Leah , Truco Maria-Jose , Crute Ian , Michelmore Richard
Published: May 2016

Lettuce downy mildew caused byBremia lactucaeis the most important disease of lettuce worldwide. Breeding for resistance to this disease is a major priority for most lettuce breeding programs. Many genes and factors for resistance toB. lactucaehave been reported by multiple researchers over the past ~50 years. Their nomenclature has not been coordinated, resulting in duplications and gaps in nominations. We have reviewed the available information and rationalized it into 51 resistance genes and factors and 15 quantitative trait loci along with supporting documentation as well as genetic and molecular information. This involved multiple rounds of consultation with many of the original authors. This paper provides the foundation for naming additional genes for resistance toB. lactucaein the future as well as for deploying genes to provide more durable resistance.
Frontiers of robotic endoscopic capsules: a review
Authors: Ciuti Gastone , Caliò R. , Camboni D. , Neri L. , Bianchi F. , Arezzo A. , Koulaouzidis A. , Schostek S. , Stoyanov D. , Oddo C. M. , Magnani B. , Menciassi A. , Morino M. , Schurr M. O. , Dario P.
Published: May 2016

Digestive diseases are a major burden for society and healthcare systems, and with an aging population, the importance of their effective management will become critical. Healthcare systems worldwide already struggle to insure quality and affordability of healthcare delivery and this will be a significant challenge in the midterm future. Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), introduced in 2000 by Given Imaging Ltd., is an example of disruptive technology and represents an attractive alternative to traditional diagnostic techniques. WCE overcomes conventional endoscopy enabling inspection of the digestive system without discomfort or the need for sedation. Thus, it has the advantage of encouraging patients to undergo gastrointestinal (GI) tract examinations and of facilitating mass screening programmes. With the integration of further capabilities based on microrobotics, e.g. active locomotion and embedded therapeutic modules, WCE could become the key-technology for GI diagnosis and treatment. This review presents a research update on WCE and describes the state-of-the-art of current endoscopic devices with a focus on research-oriented robotic capsule endoscopes enabled by microsystem technologies. The article also presents a visionary perspective on WCE potential for screening, diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopic procedures.
Brief report: Association between psychological sense of school membership and mental health among early adolescents
Authors: Gaete Jorge , Rojas‐Barahona Cristian A. , Olivares Esterbina , Araya Ricardo
Published: May 2016

Mental health problems among adolescents are prevalent and are associated with important difficulties for a normal development during this period and later in life. Understanding better the risk factors associated with mental health problems may help to design and implement more effective preventive interventions. Several personal and family risk factors have been identified in their relationship to mental health; however, much less is known about the influence of school‐related factors. One of these school factors is school belonging or the psychological sense of school membership. This is a well‐known protective factor to develop good academic commitment, but it has been scarcely studied in its relationship to mental health. We explored this association in a sample of early adolescents and found that students who reported having a high level of school membership had lower mental health problems, even after controlling for several personal and family factors.
Highly resolved experimental results of the separated flow in a channel with streamwise periodic constrictions
Authors: Kähler Christian J. , Scharnowski Sven , Cierpka Christian
Published: May 2016

The understanding and accurate prediction of turbulent flow separation on smooth surfaces is still a challenging task because the separation and the reattachment locations are not fixed in space and time. Consequently, reliable experimental data are essential for the validation of numerical flow simulations and the characterization and analysis of the complex flow physics. However, the uncertainty of the existing near-wall flow measurements make a precise analysis of the near-wall flow features, such as separation/reattachment locations and other predicted near-wall flow features which are under debate, often impossible. Therefore, the periodic hill experiment at TU Munich (ERCOFTAC test case 81) was repeated using high resolution particle image velocimetry and particle tracking velocimetry. The results confirm the strong effect of the spatial resolution on the near-wall flow statistics. Furthermore, it is shown that statistically stable values of the turbulent flow variables can only be obtained for averaging times which are challenging to realize with highly resolved large eddy simulation and direct numerical simulation techniques. Additionally, the analysis implies that regions of correlated velocity fluctuations with rather uniform streamwise momentum exist in the flow. Their size in the mean flow direction can be larger than the hill spacing. The possible impact of the correlated turbulent motion on the wake region is discussed, as this interaction might be important for the understanding and control of the flow separation dynamics on smooth bodies.
Compiling a new glacier inventory for southeastern Qinghai–Tibet Plateau from Landsat and PALSAR data
Authors: KE LINGHONG , DING XIAOLI , ZHANG LEI , HU JUN , SHUM C. K. , LU ZHONG
Published: May 2016

Glacier change has been recognized as an important climate variable due to its sensitive response to climate change. Although there are a large number of glaciers distributed over the southeastern Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, the region is poorly represented in glacier databases due to seasonal snow cover and frequent cloud cover. Here, we present an improved glacier inventory for this region by combining Landsat observations acquired over 2011–13 (Landsat 8/OLI and Landsat TM/ETM+), coherence images from Advanced Land Observing Satellite Phased Array type L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar images and the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) DEM. We present a semi-automated scheme for integrating observations from multi-temporal Landsat scenes to mitigate cloud obscuration. Further, the clean-ice observations, together with coherence information, slope constraints, vegetation cover and water classification information extracted from the Landsat scenes, are integrated to determine the debris-covered glacier area. After manual editing, we derive a new glacier inventory containing 6892 glaciers >0.02 km2, covering a total area of 6566 ± 197 km2. This new glacier inventory indicates gross overestimation in glacier area (over 30%) in previously published glacier inventories, and reveals various spatial characteristics of glaciers in the region. Our inventory can be used as a baseline dataset for future studies including glacier change assessment.
Existing and new applications of micropellet injection (MPI) in magnetic fusion
Authors: Wang Zhehui , Lunsford Robert , Mansfield Dennis K. , Nichols Jacob H.
Published: May 2016

The intense heat and energetic particle fluxes expected in ITER and future magnetic fusion reactors pose prohibitive problems to the design, selection and maintenance of the first wall and divertor. Micropellet injection (MPI) technologies can offer some innovative solutions to the material and extreme heat challenges. Basic physics of micropellet motion, ablation and interactions with high-temperature plasmas and energetic particles are presented first. We then discuss MPI technology options and applications. In addition to plasma diagnostic applications, controlled injection of micropellets of different sizes, velocities and injection frequencies will offer several possibilities: (1) better assessment of the core plasma cooling due to dust produced in situ; (2) better understanding of the plasma–material interaction physics near the wall; (3) new methods for plasma fuelling and impurity control; and (4) techniques for edge cooling with minimal impact on the plasma core. Dedicated small-scale laboratory experiments will complement major fusion experiments in development and applications of MPI.
Extinct flagships: linking extinct and threatened species
Authors: Kyne Peter M. , Adams Vanessa M.
Published: May 2016

Despite much effort to promote the conservation and recovery of threatened species, the extent of the current list of threatened vertebrates (> 7,600 species) underscores the need to develop novel communication and marketing tools to raise awareness and funding for their conservation. Although flagship species have been widely used in conservation marketing, the flagship role of extinct species has been largely overlooked and the status of lost species is rarely associated with the status of extant species facing a high risk of extinction. Some extinct species (e.g. the dodo Raphus cucullatus and the thylacine Thylacinus cynocephalus) are cultural and commercial icons and therefore familiar, and may appeal to the public as conservation flagships. We propose a wider use of extinct flagships to raise awareness for the conservation of threatened species by making a direct link between already extinct species and extant species at risk of extinction. We present examples of publicly recognized and iconic extinct species that could be used in marketing for the conservation of threatened species. These extinct species are familiar and may be readily linked to threatened species or species groups. We outline a roadmap for testing their appeal under the extinct flagship concept, through market research. If research identifies that a cognitive link is made between the fate of an extinct species (i.e. they went extinct from human causes) and what may happen to threatened species (i.e. they are at risk of extinction from human causes), extinct species may well have a wider role to play as conservation flagships.
Third Sector Experiences of Work Programme Delivery
Authors: EGDELL VALERIE , DUTTON MATTHEW , MCQUAID RONALD
Published: May 2016

This paper explores third sector organisational experiences of governmental policy change and implementation. Using a four-year longitudinal study of 13 third sector organisations (TSOs), it provides evidence based on the experiences of, and effects on, third sector organisations involved in the UK's Work Programme in Scotland. The paper explores third sector experiences of the Work Programme during the preparation and introductory phase, as well as the effects of subsequent Work Programme implementation. By gathering evidence contemporaneously and longitudinally a unique in-depth analysis is provided of the introduction and implementation of a major new policy. The resource cost and the challenges to third sector ways of working, for the organisations in the Work Programme supply chain, as well as those not in the supply chain, are considered. The paper considers some of the responses adopted by the third sector to manage the opportunities and challenges presented to them through the implementation of the Work Programme. The paper also reflects on the broader context of the employability services landscape and raises questions as to whether, as a result of the manner in which the Work Programme was contracted, there is evidence of a move towards service homogenisation, challenging perceived TSO characteristics of service innovation and personalisation.
Trade in the Helmeted HornbillRhinoplax vigil: the ‘ivory hornbill’
Authors: BEASTALL CLAIRE , SHEPHERD CHRIS R. , HADIPRAKARSA YOKYOK , MARTYR DEBBIE
Published: May 2016

Demand for the ‘ivory’ casques of the Helmeted HornbillRhinoplax vigilappears to have risen very sharply, although the species is legally protected in every range state (Brunei, Indonesia, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand) and it is on Appendix I of CITES. Seizure records and other sources indicate that the majority of hornbills are being killed in Indonesia on the islands of Borneo and Sumatra and smuggled to China where the casques are carved for commercial sale. Between March 2012 and August 2014 a minimum 2,170 heads and/or casques were seized from the illegal trade in Indonesia and China in identifiable enforcement actions. Seizures were made from poachers, smugglers, processing facilities and retailers (both physical shops and online traders). Thirteen seizures occurred in Indonesia in which no fewer than 1,117 specimens were confiscated. In China, 18 seizures resulted in the confiscation of 1,053 specimens. Anecdotal evidence suggests the species is now rare in Indonesia but that demand, reflected in the high prices involved, will not soon abate. Efforts are therefore urgently needed to end this illegal trade, which is controlled by organised crime with interests in other wildlife products, to advertise the penalties for transgressors, and to create awareness of the law and the plight of the species among potential consumers.
Gobineau, the Would-be Orientalist
Authors: IRWIN ROBERT
Published: May 2016

The poet, traveller, Arabist and campaigning anti-imperialist Wilfrid Blunt, who visited Gobineau in 1871, described him in his diary as follows: “Gobineau is a man of about 55, with grey hair and moustache, dark rather prominent eyes, sallow complexion, and tall figure with brisk almost jerky gait. In temperament he is nervous, energetic in manner, observant, but distrait, passing rapidly from thought to thought, a good talker but a bad listener. He is a savant, novelist, poet, sculptor, archaeologist, a man of taste, a man of the world”.1On December 16 1904, Marcel Proust wrote to an old friend from schooldays, “Me voici gobinien. Je ne pense qu’à lui”.2That old friend was Robert Dreyfus, the brother of the Jewish officer Alfred Dreyfus, and, together with Proust, one of the leading campaigners for Alfred's release from Devil's Island. (Alfred was only fully exonerated in 1906.) Proust, of course, skilfully worked the scandals and passions of the Dreyfus Affair into his great sequence of novels,À la recherche du temps perdu. As for Robert, he was to publish his Souvenirs sur Marcel Proust in 1926. But he had also published an admiring monograph entitledLa vie et prophéties du Comte de Gobineauin 1909. All this may suggest that, though Count Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau (1816-82) was a racist, he may not have been a conventional one.
Perceived and geographic food access and food security status among households with children
Authors: Ma Xiaoguang , Liese Angela D , Bell Bethany A , Martini Lauren , Hibbert James , Draper Carrie , Burke Michael P , Jones Sonya J
Published: May 2016

Objective

To examine the association of both perceived and geographic neighbourhood food access with food security status among households with children.

Design

This was a cross-sectional study in which participants’ perceptions of neighbourhood food access were assessed by a standard survey instrument, and geographic food access was evaluated by distance to the nearest supermarket. Multinomial logistic regression models were used to examine the associations.

Subjects

The Midlands Family Study included 544 households with children in eight counties in South Carolina, USA. Food security status among participants was classified into three categories: food secure (FS), food insecure (FI) and very low food security among children (VLFS-C).

Results

Compared with FS households, VLFS-C households had lower odds of reporting easy access to adequate food shopping. VLFS-C households also had lower odds of reporting neighbourhood access to affordable fruits and vegetables compared with FS households and reported worse selection of fruits and vegetables, quality of fruits and vegetables, and selection of low-fat products. FI households had lower odds of reporting fewer opportunities to purchase fast food. None of the geographic access measures was significantly associated with food security status.

Conclusions

Caregivers with children who experienced hunger perceived that they had less access to healthy affordable food in their community, even though grocery stores were present. Approaches to improve perceived access to healthy affordable food should be considered as part of the overall approach to improving food security and eliminating child hunger.
Investigating nutrient profiling and Health Star Ratings on core dairy products in Australia
Authors: Wellard Lyndal , Hughes Clare , Watson Wendy L
Published: May 2016

Objective

To determine whether the ratings from the Australian front-of-pack labelling scheme, Health Star Rating (HSR), and the ability to carry health claims using the Nutrient Profiling Scoring Criterion (NPSC) for core dairy products promote foods consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines.

Design

The Australian nutrient profiling model used for assessing eligibility for health claims was compared with the nutrient profiling model underpinning the HSR system to determine their agreement when assessing dairy products. Agreement between the extent to which products met nutrient profiling criteria and scored three stars or over using the HSR calculator was determined using Cohen’s kappa tests.

Setting

The four largest supermarket chains in Sydney, Australia.

Subjects

All available products in the milk, hard cheese, soft cheese and yoghurt categories (n 1363) were surveyed in March–May 2014. Nutrition composition and ingredients lists were recorded for each product.

Results

There was ‘good’ agreement between NPSC and HSR overall (κ=0·78; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·81; P<0·001), for hard cheeses (κ=0·72; 95 % CI 0·65, 0·79; P<0·001) and yoghurt (κ=0·79; 95 % CI 0·73, 0·86; P<0·001). There was ‘fair’ agreement for milk (κ=0·33; 95 % CI 0·20, 0·45; P<0·001) and ‘very good’ agreement for soft cheese (κ=0·84; 95 % CI 0·75, 0·92; P<0·001). Generally, products tended to have HSR consistent with other products of a similar type within their categories.

Conclusions

For dairy products, the HSR scheme largely aligned with the NPSC used for determining eligibility for health claims. Both systems appeared be consistent with the Australian Dietary Guidelines for dairy products, with lower-fat products rating higher.
The Structure of Need Fulfillment
Authors: Neubauer Andreas B. , Voss Andreas
Published: May 2016

Abstract. Self-Determination Theory predicts that fulfillment of the three psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness predicts well-being. Fulfillment of these needs has long been considered a uni-dimensional construct consisting of need satisfaction and (reverse coded) need dissatisfaction. Recent research suggests that satisfaction and dissatisfaction should be separated. We tested whether need satisfaction and dissatisfaction can be distinguished psychometrically and whether they have unique effects in predicting well-being. We used data from a daily-diary study of 135 participants over the course of 42 days. A six factor solution (with one satisfaction and one dissatisfaction factor per need) for the Balanced Measure of Psychological Needs scale (BMPN) fitted the data best at both the between-person and the within-person level of analysis. We concluded that (a) the BMPN can be used to reliably assess satisfaction and dissatisfaction of the three needs specified by Self-Determination Theory; (b) need satisfaction and dissatisfaction can and should be separated psychometrically; (c) these findings hold at both the between-person and the within-person level of analysis; (d) all three needs predict well-being at the within-person level, but only competence and relatedness predict well-being at the between-between-person level; and (e) need satisfaction and dissatisfaction predict unique variance in well-being.
Mechanistic insights into the catalytic elimination of tar and the promotional effect of boron on it: first-principles study using toluene as a model compound
Authors: Trinh Quang Thang , Nguyen Anh Vu , Huynh Dang Chinh , Pham Thanh Huyen , Mushrif Samir H.
Published: May 2016

The incorporation of a monolayer subsurface B into the Ni catalyst results in a corrugated Ni top surface and the activation of toluene is significantly promoted on B–Ni.
Identifying the time-dependent predominance regimes of step and terrace sites for the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis on ruthenium based catalysts
Authors: Liuzzi Dalia , Pérez-Alonso Francisco J. , García-García F. Javier , Calle-Vallejo Federico , Fierro José Luis G. , Rojas Sergio
Published: May 2016

Two types of active sites for CO dissociation exist in Ru particles. Step-edge sites deactivate during reaction.
Structure and properties of ITQ-8: a hydrous layer silicate with microporous silicate layers
Authors: Marler Bernd , Müller Melanie , Gies Hermann
Published: May 2016

ITQ-8 contains levyne-type silicate layers with 8-ring pores and is a very interesting precursor for the preparation of microporous framework silicates.
A facile synthesis of Ag/AgCl hybrid nanostructures with tunable morphologies and compositions as advanced visible light plasmonic photocatalysts
Authors: Shahzad Aasim , Kim Woo-Sik , Yu Taekyung
Published: May 2016

Ag/AgCl plasmonic photocatalysts are synthesized by a simple and rapid method in an aqueous-phase. The Ag/AgCl hybrid nanostructures exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity and stability toward the degradation of methyl orange under visible light irradiation because of their strong surface plasmon resonance (SPR) effect.
Oxygen reduction reaction catalysts used in microbial fuel cells for energy-efficient wastewater treatment: a review
Authors: Yuan Heyang , Hou Yang , Abu-Reesh Ibrahim M. , Chen Junhong , He Zhen
Published: May 2016

This review comprehensively summarizes ORR catalysts used in MFCs with a focus on their synthesis/modification procedure, durability, economics, performance and stability.
Microwave assisted fast formation of Sn(MoO4)2 nano-assemblies on DNA scaffold for application in lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Ede Sivasankara Rao , Mani V. , Kalaiselvi N. , Kundu Subrata
Published: May 2016

Self-assembled aggregated Sn(MoO4)2 nanomaterials on DNA scaffolds exhibit enhanced capability as anode materials in lithium-ion battery (LIB) applications.
Palladium-catalyzed direct desulfitative C2 arylations of 3-halo-N-protected indoles using (hetero)arenesulfonyl chlorides
Authors: Hfaiedh Anoir , Ben Ammar Hamed , Soulé Jean-François , Doucet Henri
Published: May 2016

Halo-substituents at the indolyl C3 position act as temporary blocking groups allowing the regioselective formation of 2-arylindoles through a direct desulfitative arylation. This method allows one to prepare a wide variety of indole derivatives in a few steps.
Z-type and R-type macro-RAFT agents in RAFT dispersion polymerization – another mechanism perspective on PISA
Authors: Yu Mingguang , Tan Jianbo , Yang Jianwen , Zeng Zhaohua
Published: May 2016

The location of RAFT groups plays a key role for the living polymerization process and the formation of nano-objects in RAFT dispersion polymerization.
Recent advances in organic–inorganic well-defined hybrid polymers using controlled living radical polymerization techniques
Authors: Zhang Zhenghe , Zhang Pengcheng , Wang Yong , Zhang Weian
Published: May 2016

Controlled living radical polymerizations, such as ATRP and RAFT polymerization, could be utilized for the preparation of well-defined organic–inorganic hybrid polymers based on POSS, PDMS, silica nanoparticles, graphene, CNTs and fullerene.
Polarization of He II films upon the relative motion of the superfluid component and the quantized vortices
Authors: Adamenko I. N. , Nemchenko E. K.
Published: May 2016

Theoretical study of the electrical activity of the saturated superfluid helium (He II) film upon the relative motion of the normal and superfluid components in the film was performed. The polarization vector due to the dipole moments of the quantized vortex rings in He II in the field of van der Waals forces was calculated taking into account the relative motion of the normal and superfluid components. An explicit analytical expression for the electric potential difference arising upon the relative motion of the normal and superfluid components in a torsional oscillator was derived. The obtained time, temperature and relative velocity dependences of the potential difference were in agreement with the experimental data.
Lattice parameters and thermal expansion of 2-bromobenzophenone crystals in the 90–300 K range
Authors: Prokhvatilov A. I. , Strzhemchny M. A. , Galtsov N. N. , Pyshkin O. S. , Buravtseva L. M. , Aksenova N. A.
Published: May 2016

The lattice parameters of monoclinic ortho-bromobenzophenone (2-BrBP) were determined using powder X-ray diffraction, in the temperature range of 90–300 K. It is found that ortho-bromobenzophenone has small linear expansion coefficients (about 10−5 K−1) and is characterized by weak anisotropy. There were no phase transitions in the studied temperature range.
Interface trap density evaluation on bare silicon-on-insulator wafers using the quasi-static capacitance technique
Authors: Pirro L. , Ionica I. , Ghibaudo G. , Mescot X. , Faraone L. , Cristoloveanu S.
Published: May 2016

This paper presents a detailed investigation of the quasi-static capacitance-voltage (QSCV) technique in pseudo-metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor (pseudo-MOSFET) configuration for evaluating the interface quality of bare silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers, without processing dedicated metal-oxide-semiconductor (MOS) test devices. A physical model is developed that is capable of explaining the experimental results. In addition, frequency effects are used to validate the equations by a systematic comparison between experimental and calculated characteristics, as well as by a direct comparison with the standard high-low frequency approach. An extraction procedure for interface trap density based solely on QSCV experimental results is proposed, and limits of the procedure are discussed. The proposed experimental and analytical procedure is demonstrated by characterizing SOI structures with different geometries and with different qualities of surface passivation of the top silicon film.
The evolution of the total magnetization of a Ni-Fe heterostructure after exposure to a femtosecond laser pulse
Authors: Yastremsky I. A. , Kireev V. E.
Published: May 2016

A study of how the total magnetization of a Ni-Fe heterostructure evolves during the relaxation of non-equilibrium, inhomogeneous, magnetization distributions toward an equilibrium state. These distributions occur within the framework of a superdiffusive mechanism of ultrafast demagnetization, after exposure to a femtosecond laser pulse. We account for relativistic (local) and exchange (non-local) relaxation mechanisms. This question is all the more interesting because exchange relaxation conserves the total magnetization of the sample. For sufficiently smooth distributions (typical dimensions are about several tens of nanometers), the evolution of the total magnetization is determined by different rates of relativistic relaxation in Ni and Fe. However, for sufficiently inhomogeneous magnetization distributions (with a scale of several nanometers, which is realized in the experiment), non-local relaxation is manifested by the fact that the spin current transfers magnetization from the Fe layer to Ni. As such, the difference in the rates of relativistic relaxation in Ni and Fe is expressed to a lesser extent. It is shown that for experimentally realized parameters of magnetic distribution in magnetic heterostructures, the variation of total magnetization decreases by more than two times, due to the spin current.
Optimal tilt angle trajectory for maximizing solar energy potential in Ma'an area in Jordan
Authors: Altarawneh Ibrahem S. , Rawadieh Saleh I. , Tarawneh Muafag S. , Alrowwad Sultan M. , Rimawi Firas
Published: May 2016

In this study, the potential of solar energy in Ma'an area has been assessed and the optimal tilt angles for maximizing the collected radiation were determined using a validated model for calculating solar irradiation on south facing tilted surfaces. Ma'an area was selected for this study because it receives higher level of solar radiation worldwide, which motivates the national and the international companies to invest in solar energy. The trajectories of monthly, seasonal, bi-annual, and annual optimal tilt angles were specified. The results showed that an annual optimal fixed tilt angle of 28.7° would result in 0.20% and 16.1% extra collected radiation when compared with that collected by a surface with the latitude fixed tilt of 30.2° and horizontal surface, respectively. The increases in the yearly average collected radiation were 22.0% for monthly, 20.9% for seasonally, 17.0% for semi-annual, 40.5% for one axis tracking, and 45.9% for two axes tracking compared with that on a horizontal surface. The results suggest that adjusting the panel four times a year is recommended.
Thermodynamic analysis of a compressed air energy storage system through advanced exergetic analysis
Authors: Liu Hui , He Qing , Saeed Sarmad Bin
Published: May 2016

Compressed air energy storage (CAES) is an economic, large-scale energy storage technology, but its further applications are limited by thermodynamic inefficiency. Although high-exergy destruction components can be highlighted through exergy analysis, the interactions among components and the true potential for the improvement of CAES are not obvious. In this study, an advanced exergy analysis was applied to the CAES system. The exergy destruction within each system component was split into four parts, namely, endogenous, exogenous, avoidable, and unavoidable. The thermodynamic properties of CAES were discussed in detail by combining the four parts. Results indicate that the unavoidable part of exergy destruction within the components of the system is larger than the avoidable part. The most important components based on the avoidable exergy destruction are combustion chambers, intercoolers, and aftercoolers. Exergy destruction can be significantly reduced by improving the main component efficiencies. More than half of the avoidable exergy destruction is exogenous, which indicates that interactions among components have a considerable impact on the CAES performance.
Working characteristics of two types of compressed air engine
Authors: Yu Qihui , Cai Maolin , Shi Yan
Published: May 2016

To avoid environment pollution caused by internal combustion engine vehicles, compressed air engines (CAEs) have attracted much attention over the past decade. Two kinds of compressed air engines, single cylinder piston-type CAE (SCAE) and double crank link CAE (DCAE), have been investigated. However, SCAEs have low energy efficiency and output power; particularly, when rotational speed is high. To solve these shortcomings, the DCAE is proposed, which can obtain higher output power at higher rotational speeds. Using co-simulation technology, the average output power, energy efficiency, and cylinder pressure of the two kinds of CAEs were obtained. The average output power and efficiency characteristics of the SCAE were obtained by simulation and experiment; the simulation results were consistent with the experimental results, which verified that the united simulation model is accurate and effective. The results show that the pressure inside the DCAE cylinder is barely influenced by the rotational speed, and the output torque remains generally stable with an increase in the rotational speed. The average energy efficiency of both kinds of CAE declines with an increase in the rotational speed when the supply pressure is set at 2 MPa. The air power efficiency of the DCAE is about 1.86–2.86 times that of the SCAE. When the rotational speed is 800 rpm, the air power efficiency of the DCAE is 2.86 times than that of the SCAE. It is clear that the DCAE can improve the CAE performance under high rotational speeds.
The signal and the noise
Authors: Bialystok Ellen
Published: May 2016

Studies on the effect of bilingualism on executive functioning have sometimes failed to find significant differences between performance of monolingual and bilingual young adults. This paper examines the interpretation of these null findings and considers the role of three factors: definition of bilingualism, appropriateness of statistical procedures and interpretations, and the range of data considered. The conclusion is that a correct interpretation of this important issue will require careful consideration of all the data and scrupulous attention to design details.
Exploring Gender Differences in the Utility of Strength-Based Risk Assessment Measures
Authors: Viljoen Simone , Nicholls Tonia L. , Roesch Ronald , Gagnon Nathalie , Douglas Kevin , Brink Johann
Published: May 2016

The generalizability of risk assessment measures to female populations remains up for debate; in particular, few studies have made direct comparisons between male and female civil psychiatric patients on protective factors and risk factors relevant to violence risk assessments. To address this gap in the literature, we conducted a prospective study with 102 civil psychiatric patients (60.8% male) to investigate strength-based risk assessments. Outcome data (i.e., verbal, physical, and sexual aggression) was collected after 6 and 12 months. We found a number of potentially interesting gender differences in the predictive validity of the START, HCR-20V2, and SAPROF. Findings are generally supportive of the use of established Structured Professional Judgement (SPJ) risk assessment measures with male civil psychiatric populations, and with the exception of the START, caution is warranted when using these measures with female civil psychiatric patients. Findings suggest that SPJ assessments that utilize both strengths and vulnerabilities generally performed better than SPJ assessments relying on either strengths alone or vulnerabilities alone.
Geographical Distribution of Cacao swollen shoot virus Molecular Variability in Ghana
Authors: Abrokwah Francis , Dzahini-Obiatey Henry , Galyuon Isaac , Osae-Awuku Francis , Muller Emmanuelle
Published: May 2016

Cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) was introduced into West Africa from South America during the nineteenth century. However, cacao swollen shoot disease (CSSD) was first observed in Ghana in 1936 and, later, discovered in Nigeria, Côte d’Ivoire, Togo, and Sierra Leone. The objectives of this work were to assess the genetic diversity and spatial distribution of the Cacao swollen shoot virus (CSSV) in Ghana and investigate the origin and spread of the virus by identifying alternative host plants. Results obtained from polymerase chain reaction amplifications and phylogenetic relationship analyses of infected cacao and alternative host plants collected from the cacao-growing regions in Ghana revealed the existence of nine CSSV groups, A, B, C, E, G, J, K, L and M, with six groups detected for the first time in Ghana. The CSSV groups in Ghana are very divergent and correspond to at least five different putative species, according to the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses recommendations (A, B-C complex, G, E, and M), with the M species only being detected in the alternate host Ceiba pentandra. The spatial distribution of the different molecular groups in Togo, Côte d’Ivoire, and Ghana makes it difficult to predict a single origin for CSSV among the West African cacao-growing countries.
Characterization of Pythium spp. Associated with Asymptomatic Soybean in Southeastern Pennsylvania
Authors: Coffua Lauren S. , Veterano S. Tyler , Clipman Steven J. , Mena-Ali Jorge I. , Blair Jaime E.
Published: May 2016

Soybean production in Pennsylvania has increased substantially over the past 20 years and is a highly valued field crop, together with corn. Soilborne pathogens such as Pythium spp. can contribute to soybean stand establishment issues, particularly under the conservation tillage practices that are common in the state. In this study, we collected soil samples from eight asymptomatic soybean-corn rotation fields across six counties in southeastern Pennsylvania between May and June 2012. Pythium spp. were isolated via baiting, and tested for aggressiveness on both soybean and corn using laboratory assays. In addition to our culture-based survey, we also assessed the use of cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 pyrosequencing as a culture-independent method for measuring Pythium spp. diversity from environmental samples. Diversity estimates were consistent between the culture-based and pyrosequencing datasets; however, important methodological biases inherent to culture-independent methods may have led to some differences. Our results show that several Pythium spp. previously characterized as soybean or corn pathogens are present in southeastern Pennsylvania, including Pythium irregulare, P. sylvaticum, and P. ultimum var. sporangiiferum, with isolates showing aggressive phenotypes in lab assays.