bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
What Do Nurses Experience in Pandemics? A Scale Development Study
Authors: KUŞCU KARATEPE Hilal , ÖZTÜRK YILDIRIM Tuğba , TİRYAKİ ŞEN Hanife
Published: August 2022

Aim: To develop a valid and reliable measurement tool to identify the challenges nurses face during pandemics.Method: The study has a cross-sectional and methodological design. Using a multi-method approach, it was conducted with 405 nurses in Istanbul between May 15 and August 15, 2020. Data were collected online via the Personal Information Form and Draft Scale. Descriptive statistics, validity reliability analysis, and total score averages were evaluated for data analysis using SPSS 21 and AMOS 22 programs.Results: 38 items were grouped into four dimensions. The variance rate was found as 66.88%. Goodness-of-fit statistics were appropriate. The total correlation scores of the items were between 0.42-0.82 (p<0.001). Cronbach's alpha value was 0.92. There was no significant difference between the test-retest mean scores (t:1.349, p:0.188), while a highly significant correlation was found between the measurements (r:0.88 p<0.001). The overall mean score of the scale was 3.50±0.62.Conclusions: The valid and reliable scale can assist nurses, managers of healthcare institutions, and policymakers in developing coping strategies for the challenges.
Prevalence of Obesity Between 6-15 Years Children in Istanbul
Authors: PULAT DEMİR Halime
Published: August 2022

Aim: This research aims to evaluate the prevalence of obesity and nutritional habits in children aged 6-15 in a district of Istanbul.Method: This is a cross-sectional study conducted with 2452 students aged 6-15 in 19 primary schools in Avcılar district of Istanbul. A face-to-face questionnaire was applied about the children's nutrition habits and food consumption frequencies. Children's height, weight, waist and hip circumference measurements were taken. Children were categorized according to Z-scores. Statistics were made using the SPSS 21 program. Results: A total of 47.8% of students were boys, 52.2% were girls. The mean age of the students was 9.47±2.21 years, average BMI was 18.7±3.73 kg/m2. Overweight and obesity prevalence was 20.3% and 13.2%, respectively. The obesity prevalence of 9-y-old was at the highest level, and males were more obese than females (p<0.001). A significant difference was found between obese and non-obese students in terms of snacking while studying and watching TV, and the frequency of some food consumption (p<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that one out of every three children was overweight. In addition to national and international policies, regional and local follow-ups and taking necessary precautions may be beneficial in controlling childhood obesity.
The Learning Effects of Flipped Classroom Model on Nursing Student’s Vital Signs Skills: A Quasi-Experimental Study
Authors: TAŞKIN ERDEM Derya , BAHAR Arzu
Published: August 2022

Aim: The aim of the study is evaluated to the effect of the education with the flipped classroom class learning model in nursing psychomotor and cognitive and skillsMethod: A quasi experimental design was used with intervention (n=40) and comparison group (n=40), pre-test-post-test measures in the study. The experimental group (n=40) received a flipped classroom learning approach along with vital sings modules with learning and practicing the required, whereas the control group (n=40) received traditional classroom instruction. A knowledge test and a skills checklist were used to assess student performance.Results: The highest scores in post-test knowledge exam and skills exams were received by students who experienced flipped classroom education group (X̄=62.15±16.55; X̄=45.25±14.77, respectively). In addition, when the psychomotor skill test post-test total scores between the groups were examined, it was found that the experimental group had higher scores than the control group (X̄=38.92±0.85, X̄=30.79±1.41 respectively).Conclusion: The utilization of the flipped class model in nursing education was found to positively affect both theoretical knowledge and psychomotor skill acquisition.
Osteoid Osteoma
Authors: YÜKSEL Serdar , AZAR Nikola
Published: August 2022

Çoğunlukla başka bir nedenle yapılan radyolojik incelemelerde rastlantısal olarak saptananan benign osteojenik tümörlerden olan osteoid osteoma aktiviteden bağımsız, geceleri daha şiddetli ağrıya neden olur. Standart radyografiler lezyonu gösterebilir ancak nidusun gösterilmesi ve lezyonun yerinin kesin tespiti için bilgisayarlı tomografi (BT) gerekmektedir. Nidus adı verilen radyolusen bir alana sahip olan bu benign tümörde ağrı nidus içi prostoglandin E2 seviyesinin yüksek oluşu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Ayırıcı tanıda stres kırığı, kortikal kemik absesi ve intra-kortikal osteosarkom düşünülmelidir. Tedavisinde nidusun tümü ile uzaklaştırılması gerekmektedir. Marjinal rezeksiyon, intralezyonel küretaj ve radyofrekans ablasyon tedavi seçenekleri arasındadır. Marjinal rezeksiyon yapıldıysa alınan piyesin radyolojisi ile nidusu ihtiva edip etmediği gösterilmelidir.
Tek Diş Siyah Sarımsak Ekstrelerinin Antioksidan, Sitotoksik ve Antidiyabetik Etkilerinin Değerlendirilmesi
Authors: İLGÜN Selen , KÖNGÜL ŞAFAK Esra , AKÇAKAYA MUTLU Sena , ŞEKER KARATOPRAK Gökçe
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Allium sativum L. (Sarımsak) bitkisinin belli bir derecede nem ve sıcaklık ile işlem görmesi sonucu, elde edilen fermente ürün tek diş siyah sarımsağın biyoaktivitesinin tespit edilmesi amaçlandı.Yöntem: Çalışmada, siyah sarımsak dişlerinin etanol ve su ekstresi hazırlandı, yine ayrılan kabuk kısımları da etanol ile ekstre edilerek, DPPH● ve ABTS●+ radikalini süpürücü etki tayin yöntemi ile antioksidan aktivitesi değerlendirildi. In vitro α-amilaz inhibisyon testi ile antidiyabetik aktivitesi belirlendi. MTT yöntemi kullanılarak ekstrelerin Colo-205 hücrelerinde sitotoksik etkisi tayin edildi.Bulgular: Siyah sarımsak ekstrelerinden kabuk ekstresi (A.S.K EtOH) en yüksek toplam fenol (61,40±0,48 mgGA/gekstre) ve toplam flavonoit (26,08±0,37 mgCA/gekstre) içeriğine sahip ekstre olarak tespit edildi. Ayrıca, 4mg/mL konsantrasyonda A.S. SU ekstresi DPPH● radikalini süpürücü aktivitesi (% inhibisyonu 64,66±1,94) en yüksek ekstre olarak tespit edilirken, A.S.K EtOH ekstresi 4mg/mL’de ABTS radikalini süpürücü aktivitesi en yüksek ekstre (2,44±0,16mmol/L/Trolox) olarak bulundu. İnsan kolorektal kanser hücre hattı Colo-205’te sitotoksik etkisi değerlendirilen ekstrelerden, S.K EtOH ekstresinin 1000-250 µg/mL konsantrasyon aralığında diğer ekstrelere oranla en fazla sitotoksik etki gösteren ekstre olduğu belirlendi. Ekstrelerden hiçbiri akarbozun pozitif kontrol olarak kullanıldığı α-amilaz inhibiyon testine göre antidiyabetik aktivite gösteremedi.Sonuç: Sonuçlar son yıllarda oldukça popüler olan siyah sarımsağın biyolojik aktivitelerine dair ön çalışma verileridir. Elde edilen verilere göre siyah sarımsağın aktif bileşenlerinin daha detaylı bir şekilde çalışılması ve siyah sarımsak elde etme ve saklama yöntemlerinin daha detaylı araştırılması gerekmektedir. Böylelikle tıbbi açıdan oldukça büyük öneme sahip bir bitkinin fermente halinin kullanımı ve faydaları ile ilgili umut vaat edici sonuçlar elde edilebilir.
COVID-19 Hastalığı Nedeniyle Hastanede Yatmış Bireylerin Günlük Yaşam Aktivite Düzeylerinin Belirlenmesi
Authors: KARADEDE Özkan , KARADEDE Huriye , ŞEREMET Hatice , TARAKTAŞLI Gülümser Oral , ALTIPARMAKOĞLU Yıldız Ayse , ÖZALP Ebru , GÜNDOĞDU Ebru , DALKILIÇ Fatma , EROĞLU Maide Nur , KÜRKAN Merve , HARMAN Mehmet , ÇAKICI Senem , KARAALİ Rıdvan
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Araştırma, COVID-19 hastalığı nedeniyle hastanede yatarak tedavi olan hastaların taburculuk sonrasındaki günlük yaşam aktivite düzeylerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Çalışma, COVID-19 hastalığı nedeniyle hastanede yatmış, taburculuğundan itibaren en az bir ay geçmiş 230 hasta üzerinde yapılmıştır. Veriler Temmuz 2021-Eylül 2021 tarihleri arasında telefon ile görüşme yöntemiyle toplanmıştır. Araştırmanın verileri Tanıtıcı Özellikler Formu ve Katz Günlük Yaşam Aktiviteleri Ölçeği kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Araştırma verileri, normal dağılmayan değişkenler için ortanca ve çeyrekler arası aralık kullanılarak verilmiştir. Verilerilerin karşılaştırılmasında Wilcoxon Sıralı İşaretler testi ile kullanılmıştır.Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 57,28±14,6, %47,8’i kadın, %16,1’i aşısız olup COVID-19 hastalığı öncesi günlük yaşam aktivitesi puan ortalaması 17,5±2,7, COVID-19 hastalığından sonraki günlük yaşam aktivitesi puan ortalaması 17,3±3,3 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada hastalık öncesi ve sonrasındaki günlük yaşam aktiviteleri puan ortalamaları arasında anlamlı fark saptanmamıştır.Sonuçlar: COVID-19 hastalığı nedeniyle hastanede yatmış bireylerin taburculuk sonrasındaki sürecinin sağlık profesyonelleri tarafından takip edilmesi, yaşam aktivitelerinin değerlendirilmesi, bakım ihtiyaçlarının belirlenmesi ve buna yönelik olarak bireyselleştirilmiş sağlık hizmetinin hastane dışında da sürdürülmesi önerilmektedir.
Laringeal Karsinomda Ferroptoz ile İlişkili Genlerin Biyoinformatik Yöntemler Kullanılarak Belirlenmesi
Authors: AKTAN Çağdaş
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Hücre içi demir birikimi ve lipid peroksidasyonu ile karakterize edilen ferroptoz, tümör baskılanmasında önemli rol oynayabilen yeni tanımlanmış bir hücre ölüm şeklidir. Larengeal skuamöz hücreli karsinom (LSHK) ve ferroptozis arasındaki ilişki hakkında yapılan çalışmalar sınırlıdır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, LSHK' nin tanı, tedavisinde ve ferroptozis ile ilgili belirteçleri in siliko yöntemleri kullanarak saptamaktır.Yöntem: Ferroptoz ile ilgili genler, FerrDb veri tabanından elde edildi. The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) veri setlerinden LSHK hastalarının mRNA ekspresyon verileri ve ferroptoz ile ilgili bazı genleri taramak için kullanıldı. LSHK ile ilgili GSE143224 ve GSE84957 mikrodizi veri setleri GEO veri tabanından elde edilmiştir. Tüm veri setleri kullanılarak ferroptoz ve LSHK ile ilişkili genleri elde etmek için örtüşen veriler kullanılmıştır. LSHK grubu ve normal kontroller arasındaki diferansiyel olarak eksprese edilen genler (DEG'ler) ve ferroptoz ile ilgili DEG'ler, biyoinformatik yöntemler kullanılarak analiz edildi. Daha sonra STRING ve Cytoscape yazılımları kullanılarak Gene Ontology (GO), KEGG ve protein-protein etkileşimi (PPE) ağı analizleri gerçekleştirilmiştir.Bulgular: Ferroptoz ile ilgili 259 gen, FerrDb veri tabanından alındı ve ferroptoz DEG'lerini tanımlamak için bunları TCGA-HNSC (523 örnek), GSE143224 (25 örnek) ve GSE84957 (18 örnek) ile analizleri yapıldı. Analiz sonrasında 13 adet yukarı regüle edilmiş (NOX4, BID, ABCC1, TNFAIP3, PANX1, SLC1A4, SLC3A2, FTL, TFRC, AURKA, HSF1, PML, CA9; p<0.05) ve 3 adet aşağı regüle edilmiş gen (CHAC1, LPIN1, MUC1; p<0.05) saptanmıştır. GO, KEGG ve PPE analizleri ile elde edilen hücresel stres, inflamasyon, oksidatif stres ve karsinogenez süreçlerine benzer sonuçlar (p<0.05) ile bu genlerin LSHK' nin ilerlemesinde rol oynayabileceğini göstermektedir.Sonuç: Sonuç olarak, bu çalışmada LSHK'de ferroptoz ile yakından ilişkili olan ve LSHK hastalarını sağlıklı kontrollerden ayırt edebilen 16 potansiyel gen saptanmıştır. Çalışmamız, LSHK’nin moleküler mekanizmasını ve terapötik hedeflerini keşfetmek için daha geniş bir fikir sağlayabilir.
Ferguson Hemorrhoidectomy in the Surgical Treatment of Hemorrhoids
Authors: ÇİFTCİ Fatih , ANUK Turgut
Published: August 2022

Aim: To assess the outcome of the conventional Ferguson approach in the surgery of our patients who were operated on for prolapsed internal hemorrhoid.Method: 769 patients who were treated with the Ferguson technique between March 2007 and January 2017 were included in the study. Patients' medical files were assessed and, the complaints at presentation, anorectal comorbidities, operation findings and postoperative early and late complication data were recorded.Results: 65% of the patients were male and the mean age was 39 years (18 -81). The durations of complaints varied between one week and 5 years. In the order of higher to lower frequency the complaints were palpable pakers, bleeding and pain respectively. The pakers were at classical locations (3,5,7,11 o’clock) in 69 % of patients. Most of the cases (65%) were grade 4 hemorroid. 19 % of patients had anal fissures as anorectal comorbidity. All patients were operated on at the lithotomy position under spinal anaesthesia. Operation time for ferguson technique was on average 20 minutes and postoperative stay in hospital was one day on average. During the postoperative period, 55 patients developed early complications. These included severe abdominal pain in 25 patients (3-25%), bleeding in 3 (0,4%) and urine retention in 28 (3.60%). Late complications developed in 7 patients. There developed anal stenosis in one patient, anal fissure in 3 and fistula with an abscess in 2. Incontinence and recurrence were not observed in any patient.Conclusion: Ferguson technique is still employed for hemorrhoid surgery. The results of our study support the Ferguson hemorrhoidectomy as a reliable method of preference.
Uzaktan Eğitim Alan Üniversite Öğrencilerinin Fiziksel Aktivite Seviyelerinin Beslenme Alışkanlıkları ve İnternet Kullanım Süreleri ile İlişkisi
Authors: GERÇEK Hasan , TORLAK Mustafa Savaş , ÜNÜVAR Bayram Sönmez
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Araştırma uzaktan eğitim alan üniversite öğrencilerinde fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile beslenme alışkanları ve günlük internet kullanım süreleri arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesi amacıyla yapıldı.Yöntem: Çalışmamıza katılan bireylerin demografik bilgileri, günlük internet kullanım süreleri, eğitim aldıkları kurum, uzaktan eğitime ulaşma şekilleri hakkında veriler toplandı. Katılımcıların beslenme alışkanlıkları ile ilgili verilerini toplamak için “Beslenme Alışkanlıkları İndeksi”, fiziksel aktivitelerini değerlendirmede “Uluslararası Fiziksel Aktivite Anketi Kısa Formu” kullanıldı.Bulgular: Çalışmaya 84 (%18,9) erkek, 360 (%81,1) kadın olmak üzere toplam 444 kişi dâhil edildi. Fiziksel aktivite açısından araştırmaya katılanların 94'ü (%21,2) çok aktif, 238'i (%53,6) minimal aktif ve 112'si (%25,2) inaktifti. Beslenme açısından 81 (%18,2) katılımcı hafif, 246 (%55,4) orta, 105 (%23,6) yüksek riskli ve 12 (%2,7) çok yüksek riskli idi. Fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile beslenme alışkanlıkları arasında negatif yönlü zayıf ilişki (r=-0,22 p˂0,01), fiziksel aktivite düzeyleri ile günlük internet kullanımı arasında da negatif yönlü zayıf ilişki (r=-0,102, p=0,032) bulundu.Sonuç: Çalışmamızda üniversite öğrencilerinde özellikle pandemi döneminde uzaktan eğitim modelinin uygulanmasına bağlı olarak günlük internet kullanım süresinin arttığı, beslenme alışkanlıklarının riskli olduğu ve fiziksel aktivite seviyesinin yetersiz olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Uzaktan eğitim alan öğrencilere fiziksel aktivitelerini arttırmaya ve beslenme alışkanlıklarını pozitif yönde değiştirmeye yönelik yaklaşımlar geliştirilmelidir.
Hemşire ve Ebelerin Anne ve Yenidoğanın Erken Ten Tene Temas Uygulamasına Yönelik Bilgileri ile Tutumlarının İncelenmesi
Authors: ÇELİK İncilay , KÖK Gülşah
Published: August 2022

Amaç: Bu araştırma, hemşire ve ebelerin anne ve yenidoğanın erken ten tene temas uygulamasına yönelik bilgileri ile tutumlarını incelemek amacıyla yapılmıştır.Yöntem: Bu tanımlayıcı araştırma, Ankara’da bir eğitim ve araştırma hastanesinde yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın örneklemini Ekim 2020-Ocak 2021 tarihleri arasında araştırmayı kabul eden 117 hemşire ve ebe oluşturmuştur. Veriler, araştırmacı tarafından hazırlanan yapılandırılmış veri toplama formu ile “Anne-Yenidoğan Ten Tene Temas Ölçeği” aracılığıyla yüz yüze görüşme tekniği ve google forms üzerinden hazırlanan elektronik veri toplama formu kullanılarak toplanmıştır. Veriler, IBM SPSS Statistics 25.0 paket programı kullanılarak analiz edilmiştir. İstatistiksel olarak anlamlılık düzeyi p<0.05 olarak kabul edilmiştir.Bulgular: Katılımcıların Anne-Yenidoğan Ten Tene Temas Ölçeği’nden aldıkları toplam puan ortalaması 136.33±9.53’dür. Katılımcıların %95.7’sinin doğum sonrası dönemde anne ve yenidoğanın ten tene temas uygulamasını daha önceden duyduğu, %89.7’sinin anne ve yenidoğan ten tene temas becerisini doğru bir şekilde bildiği, %65.4’ünün anne ve yenidoğan ten tene temas uygulamasına yönelik bilgiyi hizmet içi eğitim programından aldığı belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların %92.3’ünün doğum sonrası dönemde anne ve yenidoğanın ten tene temas becerisini uyguladığı belirlenmiştir. Katılımcıların yaş, meslek ve eğitim durumları açısından anne-yenidoğan ten tene temas ölçeğinden aldıkları puan ortancaları arasında anlamlı bir fark olmamasına rağmen ölçeğin bazı alt boyutları açısından katılımcıların eğitim düzeylerine ve çalıştıkları yerlere göre anneye sağlanan hizmet alt boyutu (p=0.002) ile etkinleştiren faktörler (p=0.03) alınan puanlar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farkın olduğu belirlenmiştir.Sonuç: Çalışmamıza katılan tüm ebe ve hemşirelerin anne ve yenidoğanın ten tene temas uygulaması ile ilgili olumlu tutumlarının olduğu, ebe ve hemşirelerin doğum sonu erken dönemde ten tene temasın anne ve yenidoğan sağlığı için bilgi ve farkındalık oluşturmalarının önemli olduğu değerlendirilmiştir.
A Uniform Retrieval Analysis of Ultra-cool Dwarfs. IV. A Statistical Census from 50 Late-T Dwarfs
Authors: Zalesky Joseph A. , Saboi Kezman , Line Michael R. , Zhang Zhoujian , Schneider Adam C. , Liu Michael C. , Best William M. J. , Marley Mark S.
Published: August 2022

The spectra of brown dwarfs are key to exploring the chemistry and physics that take place in their atmospheres. Late-T dwarf spectra are particularly diagnostic, due to their relatively cloud-free atmospheres and deep molecular bands. With the use of powerful atmospheric retrieval tools applied to the spectra of these objects, direct constraints on molecular/atomic abundances, gravity, and vertical thermal profiles can be obtained, enabling a broad exploration of the chemical/physical mechanisms operating in their atmospheres. We present a uniform retrieval analysis on low-resolution Infrared Telescope Facility SpeX near-infrared spectra for a sample of 50 T dwarfs, including new observations as part of a recent volume-limited survey. This analysis more than quadruples the sample of T dwarfs with retrieved temperature profiles and abundances (H2O, CH4, NH3, K, and subsequent C/O and metallicities). We are generally able to constrain the effective temperatures to within 50 K, the volume mixing ratios for major species to within 0.25 dex, the atmospheric metallicities [M/H] to within 0.2, and the C/O ratios to within 0.2. We compare our retrieved constraints on the thermal structures, chemistry, and gravities of these objects with predictions from self-consistent radiative-convective equilibrium models and find, in general, though with substantial scatter, consistency with solar composition chemistry and the thermal profiles of the neighboring stellar FGK population. Objects with notable discrepancies between the two modeling techniques and potential mechanisms for their differences, be they related to the modeling approach or physically motivated, are discussed more thoroughly in the text.
Global Modeling of Nebulae with Particle Growth, Drift, and Evaporation Fronts. II. The Influence of Porosity on Solids Evolution
Authors: Estrada Paul R. , Cuzzi Jeffrey N. , Umurhan Orkan M.
Published: August 2022

Incremental particle growth in turbulent protoplanetary nebulae is limited by a combination of barriers that can slow or stall growth. Moreover, particles that grow massive enough to decouple from the gas are subject to inward radial drift, which could lead to the depletion of most disk solids before planetesimals can form. Compact particle growth is probably not realistic. Rather, it is more likely that grains grow as fractal aggregates, which may overcome this so-called radial drift barrier because they remain more coupled to the gas than compact particles of equal mass. We model fractal aggregate growth and compaction in a viscously evolving solar-like nebula for a range of turbulent intensities α
t = 10−5–10−2. We do find that radial drift is less influential for porous aggregates over much of their growth phase; however, outside the water snowline fractal aggregates can grow to much larger masses with larger Stokes numbers more quickly than compact particles, leading to rapid inward radial drift. As a result, disk solids outside the snowline out to ∼10–20 au are depleted earlier than in compact growth models, but outside ∼20 au material is retained much longer because aggregate Stokes numbers there remain lower initially. Nevertheless, we conclude even fractal models will lose most disk solids without the intervention of some leapfrog planetesimal forming mechanism such as the streaming instability (SI), though conditions for the SI are generally never satisfied, except for a brief period at the snowline for α
t = 10−5.
X-Ray Redshifts of Obscured Chandra Source Catalog Active Galactic Nuclei
Authors: Sicilian Dominic , Civano Francesca , Cappelluti Nico , Buchner Johannes , Peca Alessandro
Published: August 2022

We have computed obscured active galactic nuclei (AGN) redshifts using the XZ method, adopting a broad treatment in which we employed a wide-ranging data set and worked primarily at the XZ counts sensitivity threshold, culminating with a redshift catalog containing 121 sources that lack documented redshifts. We considered 363 obscured AGN from the Chandra Source Catalog Release 2.0, 59 of which were selected using multiwavelength criteria while 304 were X-ray selected. One third of the data set had crossmatched spectroscopic or photometric redshifts. These sources, dominated by low-z and low-N

H
AGN, were supplemented by 1000 simulations to form a data set for testing the XZ method. We used a multilayer perceptron neural network to examine and predict cases in which XZ fails to reproduce the known redshift, yielding a classifier that can identify and discard poor redshift estimates. This classifier demonstrated a statistically significant ∼3σ improvement over the existing XZ redshift information gain filter. We applied the machine-learning model to sources with no documented redshifts, resulting in the 121 source new redshift catalog, all of which were X-ray selected. Our neural network’s performance suggests that nearly 90% of these redshift estimates are consistent with hypothetical spectroscopic or photometric measurements, strengthening the notion that redshifts can be reliably estimated using only X-rays, which is valuable to current and future missions such as Athena. We have also identified a possible Compton-thick candidate that warrants further investigation.
The Missing Satellite Problem outside of the Local Group. II. Statistical Properties of Satellites of Milky Way–like Galaxies
Authors: Nashimoto Masashi , Tanaka Masayuki , Chiba Masashi , Hayashi Kohei , Komiyama Yutaka , Okamoto Takashi
Published: August 2022

We present a new observation of satellite galaxies around seven Milky Way (MW)–like galaxies located outside of the Local Group (LG) using Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam imaging data to statistically address the missing satellite problem. We select satellite galaxy candidates using magnitude, surface brightness, Sérsic index, axial ratio, FWHM, and surface brightness fluctuation cuts, followed by visual screening of false positives such as optical ghosts of bright stars. We identify 51 secure dwarf satellite galaxies within the virial radius of nine host galaxies, two of which are drawn from the pilot observation presented in Paper I. We find that the average luminosity function of the satellite galaxies is consistent with that of the MW satellites, although the luminosity function of each host galaxy varies significantly. We observe an indication that more massive hosts tend to have a larger number of satellites. Physical properties of the satellites such as the size–luminosity relation are also consistent with the MW satellites. However, the spatial distribution is different; we find that the satellite galaxies outside of the LG show no sign of concentration or alignment, while that of the MW satellites is more concentrated around the host and exhibits a significant alignment. As we focus on relatively massive satellites with M

V
< −10, we do not expect that the observational incompleteness can be responsible here. This trend might represent a peculiarity of the MW satellites, and further work is needed to understand its origin.
Dependence of the Continuum Intensities on the Magnetic Fields at Different Evolution Phases of Sunspots
Authors: Li Qiaoling , Zhang Li , Yan Xiaoli , Norton Aimee A. , Wang Jingcheng , Yang Liheng , Xue Zhike , Kong Defang
Published: August 2022

The relationship between the continuum intensities and magnetic fields for stable and decaying sunspots is analyzed using the scattered-light-corrected data from the Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager. From our analysis, the main differences between stable and decaying sunspots are as follows. In the continuum intensity range from 0.35I
qs to 0.65I
qs, where I
qs is the continuum intensity of the quiet solar surface, the relationship between continuum intensity and transverse magnetic field and the relationship between continuum intensity and inclination display a much higher scatter during the decaying phase of the sunspots. During and after the formation of the light bridge, the scatter plots show a bifurcation that indicates that the two umbrae separated by the light bridge have different thermodynamic properties. The continuum intensity of the umbra in a decaying sunspot is brighter than that of the stable sunspot, indicating that the temperatures in the umbra of decaying sunspots are higher. Furthermore, our results show that the mean continuum intensity of the umbra gradually increases during the decay of the sunspot, but the mean continuum intensity of the penumbra remains constant. Simultaneously, the vertical and transverse magnetic field strengths in the umbra gradually decrease, and the vertical magnetic field strengths in the penumbra gradually increase. The changes in the umbra occur earlier than the changes in the penumbra of the decaying sunspot, suggesting that the umbral and penumbral decay may be an interdependent process during the decay of the sunspot.
Perlodinella shennongjia sp. nov., a new species of Perlodinella Klapálek (Plecoptera, Perlodidae) from the central area of China
Authors: Chen Zhi-Teng , Xu Yi-Yang , Shen Zi-Hao
Published: August 2022

Perlodinella Klapálek, 1912 is a small stonefly genus in the Palearctic areas of China and its biodiversity is underestimated.

This paper reports a new species of Perlodinella, Perlodinella shennongjia sp. nov. in the Dajiuhu National Wetland Park of Shennongjia Forestry District, Hubei Province, central China. The description and illustrations of the new species are provided, based on male adults, female adults and eggs. The new species can be distinguished from its congeners by the characters of male and female genitalia and the egg structure.
Food security and child malnutrition in the regions of Maradi, Tahoua and Tillabéri in Niger: The status, the causes, and transformative change
Authors: Ibro Germaine , Abdoulaye Ibro Madougou , Synnevåg Gry , Aune Jens B.
Published: August 2022

This research was undertaken in the agropastoral regions of Maradi, Tahoua and Tillabéri in Niger. The first study covered 900 households and assessed farmers production methods, income, household expenditure, gender issues and food security using four different indicators. The second study assessed causes for child malnutrition by combining a household survey (450 households) with measurement of the upper arm circumference of 1618 children aged 6 to 59 months from these households. A logistic regression analysis was used to identify the causes for malnutrition. The number of food-insecure months in the households were on average 3.54 months per year and 11.4% of the children belonged to the group defined as suffering from 'global acute malnutrition'. Cereal yields were below 250 kg ha-1 and only 33% of the households were able to sell any of their cereal harvest. The households spent 66% of their total expenditure on the purchase of food. Money spent on diversifying their nutrition was very limited and horticulture production focused on temperate crops. The indicators for nutrition diversity, food quality and household perception of food security were low. The major causes identified for food insecurity and child malnutrition were low agricultural production, low nutritional diversity, women's autonomy in agriculture (control over income) and poor sanitation. To address these challenges, we propose a mix of incremental and transformative changes, including strengthening the role of women, promotion of precision farming, nutrient-sensitive agriculture, eco-sanitation, and training on improved nutrition and childcare.
Estimate of traffic emissions through multiscale second order models with heterogeneous data
Authors: Balzotti Caterina , Briani Maya
Published: August 2022

In this paper we propose a multiscale traffic model, based on the family of Generic Second Order Models, which integrates multiple trajectory data into the velocity function. This combination of a second order macroscopic model with microscopic information allows us to reproduce significant variations in speed and acceleration that strongly influence traffic emissions. We obtain accurate approximations even with a few trajectory data. The proposed approach is therefore a computationally efficient and highly accurate tool for calculating macroscopic traffic quantities and estimating emissions.
Real-time online point-of-view filming education for teaching clinical skills to medical students
Authors: Bang Gwanwook , Kwon Oh Young
Published: August 2022

Purpose: This study aimed to measure the educational satisfaction with and effectiveness of real-time online point-of-view filming (POVF) clinical skills education in medical students.Methods: Medical students participated in a 120-minute clinical skills education session. The session consisted of emergency procedures, wound management, and vascular access. The authors provided real-time online POVF using a smartphone. A questionnaire survey was issued to the students after the class, and their satisfaction with education, educational environment, and effectiveness were analyzed.Results: Responses about satisfaction with POVF education were very positive in all grades. However, approximately half of the students were satisfied with the smoothness of listening to a lecture and the video quality. More than half of the students responded positively to the question about educational effectiveness.Conclusion: In these times of non-classroom teaching brought on by the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, POVF clinical skills education is likely to be a very useful educational tool. If disadvantages such as insufficient feedback or environmental problems can be addressed, it could serve as an alternative method of clinical skills education even after the COVID-19 pandemic.
Improved Sensitivity of NiO@R-Go Nanocomposite for Detecting H2S Biomaker of Halitosis Prognosis
Authors: Dubey Alok , Pant Kumud , Bagde Hiroj , Ñopo Vidal Victor Hugo , Cotrina-Aliaga Juan Carlos , Mujoo Sheetal
Published: August 2022

A colorimetric approach for the quantitative detection of H2S based on a NiO@r-GO composite was developed in this study and is simple, quick, and low-cost. Bimetallic porous material NiO@r-GO with iodide adsorption into their framework have been shown to boost catalytic activity. In this study, we present a new method for enhancing NiO@r-GO peroxidase-like activity. Comparatively, the kinetic measurements of NiO@r-GO demonstrate that it has a great affinity for substrates, facilitating electron transport, as opposed to HRP. Improvements in the activity of NiO@r-GO are attributable to the synergistic effect of the two compounds and to the speedy electron transfer process. This method is very sensitive for H2S colorimetric technique with a LOD of 0.58 nM.
L-Cysteine Passivated Carbon Quantum Dots as Biosensor for early Stage Detection of Prostate Cancer
Authors: Maya K. , Rane Lalita , Ahmed Tousief Irshad , Ansari Mohammad Javed , Dixit Chandra Kumar , Kanaoujiya Rahul
Published: August 2022

Green synthesized surface passivated carbon dots for detection of Citrate as biomarker for prostate cancer. The carbon sources of CQDs are passivated with L-cysteine via a one-pot hydrothermal route. The quenching in emission intensity of the synthesized carbon dots (CQDs) is observed for Citrate samples. The hydroxyl and carboxylic functional groups of Citrate showed a binding affinity with amino and free carboxyl cysteine passivated over the surface of carbon dots. The CQDs showed a high sensitivity for detection of Citrate in a continuous range of 1.0 μM–500 μM. The CQDs showed good level of selectivity, repeatability, and stability for the detection of Citrate. We successfully detected the Citrate content for prostate cancer cells using an L-cysteine passivated carbon quantum dots various incubation durations. As a result, quenching in fluorescence intensity CQDs are noted to analyze extent of cancer cells in biological samples.
Lower Paleozoic stratigraphy and geology, Richardson Mountains, Yukon (with stratigraphic and paleontological appendices)
Authors: Cecile M P , Norford B S , Nowlan G S , Uyeno T
T
Published: August 2022

The Richardson Trough was a rift basin on the southern margin of an ancestral Iapetus Ocean. It was part of a complex paleogeography that included at least two major rift basins on western Franklinian and northern Cordilleran continental shelves. This
paleogeography included the Ogilvie Arch, Porcupine Platform, Blackstone 'supra-basin', Babbage Basin, Husky Lakes Arch, Richardson Trough, Mackenzie Arch, Lac des Bois Platform, and the White Mountains and Campbell uplifts. The Richardson Trough was the failed arm of a triple rift system that
formed when an early Paleozoic Iapetus Ocean developed north of the trough. The Richardson Trough displays a classic 'steer's head' profile with two rift fill cycles. The first features late early to middle late Cambrian rifting and late late Cambrian to late Early Ordovician post-rift subsidence;
the second, late Early Ordovician to early Silurian rifting and late early Silurian to early Middle Devonian post-rift subsidence. Lower Paleozoic strata exposed in the Richardson Trough range in age from middle Cambrian to early Middle Devonian and are similar to strata in their sister rift, the
Misty Creek Embayment. Before this study, the stratigraphic units defined for the Richardson Trough were the Slats Creek Formation and the Road River Formation. Here, the Slats Creek Formation and a new Road River Group are recognized. In order, this group consists of the middle and/or late Cambrian
to Early Ordovician Cronin Formation; the early Early Ordovician to latest early Silurian Mount Hare Formation; the early Silurian to late Silurian Tetlit Formation; and the late Silurian to early Middle Devonian Vittrekwa Formation. These Road River Group strata are unconformably overlain by the
late Middle to Late Devonian Canol Formation (outcrop) and by the Early Devonian Tatsieta Formation (subsurface).
Comprehensive Analysis of the Molecular Mechanism for Gastric Cancer Based on Competitive Endogenous RNA Network
Authors: Wu Hong-Jin , Dai Wei-Wei , Wang Li-Bo , Zhang Jie , Wang Cheng-Long
Published: August 2022

Objective:

To explore the regulatory mechanism of competitive endogenous RNAs (ceRNA) in gastric cancer (GC) and to predict the prognosis of GC.

Materials and Methods:

Expression profiles of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), microRNAs (miRNAs), and mRNAs were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas platform. Differentially expressed RNAs (DERNAs) were screened to construct a lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network. Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes analyses were performed on the ceRNA network-related differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRNAs). Next, the DERNAs were subjected to Cox regression and survival analyses to identify crucial prognostic factors for patients with GC.

Results:

We detected 1029 differentially expressed lncRNAs, 104 differentially expressed miRNAs, and 1659 DEmRNAs in patients with GC. Next, we performed bioinformatic analysis to construct the lncRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA network, which included 10 miRNAs, 65 lncRNAs, and 10 mRNAs. Subsequently, KaplanMeier (K-M) analysis showed that the survival rate of the high-risk group was significantly lower than that of the low-risk group, and the area under the curve value of the receiver operating characteristic curve revealed that the polygenic model had good predictive ability. The results indicated that ADAMTS9-AS1, ATAD2, and CADM2 might be potential therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for GC.

Conclusions:

Our study has implications for predicting prognosis and monitoring surveillance of GC and provides a new theoretical and experimental basis for the clinical prognosis of GC.
Innovative intra-corneal ring-supported graft surgery for treatment of keratoconus and cornea regeneration: Surgical technique and case report
Authors: Jadidi Khosrow , Mosavi Seyed Aliasghar , Nejat Farhad , Aghamolaei Hosein , Pirhadi Shiva
Published: August 2022

Therapeutic options for corneal ectasia are evolving, with emphasis on the intra-stromal corneal ring for delaying or eliminating the need for penetrating keratoplasty. A 33-year-old man with grade 4 keratoconus and rising intolerance of the hard contact lens underwent a combination of a new innovative ring and graft with suture in the left eye. Excellent structural support and stability of the cornea were observed immediately post-operatively and 12 months after surgery. It appears as a feasible and safe therapy option for keratoconus eyes with reference to the instability and asymmetry of the cornea. Hence, as a safe and effective technique, it can be performed easily.
Impact of teleconsultation on visual and refractive outcomes in patients undergoing laser refractive surgery during COVID-19
Authors: Singh Vivek M , Akkulugari Vidhyadhar , Reddy Jagadesh C , Gogri Pratik Y , Vaddavalli Pravin Krishna
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

To assess the role of remote teleconsultation (TC) follow-up care following a successful and uneventful laser vision correction.

Methods:

The study is a retrospective, comparative analysis of patients undergoing laser vision correction at tertiary care eye hospital in Southern India. The patients were divided into two groups. The first group included patients operated on before the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and were followed up with physical consultations during their follow-up visit (Group 1). The second group comprised patients operated on during the pandemic and had at least one remote TC during their post-operative follow-up (Group 2).

Results:

A total of 1088 eyes of 564 patients and 717 eyes of 372 patients were included in Group 1 and 2, respectively. The mean number of visits for the patients from Group 2 during the COVID period (2.56 +/- 0.74 days) was significantly lesser (P < 0.0001) than that of Group 1 in the pre-COVID period (3.53 +/- 1.07 days). Close to 90% of the eyes achieved an uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA) of 20/20 in both groups (P = 0.925). 96.50% of the eyes in Group 1 and 98.18% of the eyes in Group 2 achieved UCVA 20/25 or better (P = 0.049). Eight eyes (0.73%) in Group 1 and one eye (0.14%) in Group 2 reported a loss of 2 or more lines. However, the results were not statistically significant (P = 0.156). None of the groups had any patients who had a sight-threatening complication.

Conclusion:

Remote TC following refractive surgery is safe and can be effectively integrated into routine refractive practice to reduce travel to the hospital for a physical consult.
Clinical and diagnostic color-coding in ophthalmology - An indispensable educational tool for ophthalmologists
Authors: Mishra Deepak , Kaur Kirandeep , Gurnani Bharat , Heda Aarti , Dwivedi Kshama
Published: August 2022

Schematic diagrams have been important tools in Ophthalmology for ages. These are vital tools to document ocular pathologies, assist in the comparison of clinical records on follow-up visits, serve as standardized means of communication between ophthalmologists, educating trainees and postgraduates, and helping in the easy follow-up of disease course over a period. There are standardized color codes for depicting different pathologies in the anterior and posterior segments. The understanding of these guidelines allows proper documentation of findings and helps in standardizing ophthalmic care. This method of documentation is beneficial as this is a less expensive tool, provides immediate records at a glance, allows distinctive marking of clinical findings not possible to document with clinical photographs, and can help in medico-legal cases as well. This article focuses on highlighting the standard guidelines that will be useful for training ophthalmologists. This article primarily focuses on various color-codings for anterior and posterior segment schematic representations, along with a brief touch on the importance of color-coding in glaucoma and standardized eye drop (vials) color codes as per the American Academy of Ophthalmology guidelines. We believe this can be taken as a template for future reference by all trainees, postgraduates, fellows, and clinician ophthalmologists in their day-to-day clinical practice.
Current status of trachoma in India: Results from the National Trachoma Prevalence Survey
Authors: Gupta Noopur , Vashist Praveen , Senjam Suraj S , Gupta Vivek , Wadhwani Meenakshi , Manna Souvik , Grover Sumit , Bhardwaj Amit
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

In the mid-twentieth century, trachoma was endemic in the northwestern states of India. We aimed to generate recent estimates of prevalence of trachomatous inflammation, follicular (TF) and trachomatous trichiasis (TT) in ten suspected-endemic districts across seven previously hyper-endemic states and union territories for trachoma in India including Delhi, Rajasthan, Haryana, Punjab, Gujarat, Uttarakhand and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.

Methods:

Population-based prevalence surveys were undertaken in 10 districts. In each of those districts, two-stage cluster sampling was used to select a sample of 2000 children aged 1–9 years and all adults aged ≥15 years in the enumerated households from a total of 20 clusters per district. Consenting eligible participants were examined for trachoma by trained ophthalmologists using the World Health Organization’s simplified grading system. Data were analyzed at the district level.

Results:

A total of 13,802 households were surveyed in which 19,662 children were examined for TF and 44,135 adults aged ≥15 years were examined for TT. District-level TF prevalence in 1–9-year-olds ranged from 0.1% in Bikaner (95% CI: 0.01–0.3) to 2.1% in Dholpur (95% CI: 1.6–2.8) and that of trichiasis ranged from 0.7 per 1000 in Pauri Garhwal (95% CI: 0.01–1.4) to 22.1 per 1000 (95% CI: 15.8–28.4) in Car Nicobar. In four districts (Car Nicobar, Dholpur, Hoshiarpur, Tonk), trichiasis prevalence in adults aged ≥15 years was ≥0.2%.

Conclusion:

TF was not a public health problem in any of the districts surveyed; thus, antibiotic mass drug administration is not needed. However, TT among adults was found to be above 0.2% in four districts; thus, further trichiasis surgery interventions at the public health level are warranted to achieve elimination. These findings will facilitate planning for elimination of trachoma as a public health problem in India.
Neuro-ophthalmological manifestations of diabetes mellitus during COVID-19-related lockdown in India
Authors: Kowsalya Akkayasamy , Chaudhary Sameer , Sen Sagnik , Shanmugam Maheshkumar , Narayanamoorthy Jayasri K , Jain Shreya , Sundar Balagiri
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic has resulted in a huge impact on the health care system. Diversion of health care workforce toward management of a high number of COVID-19 cases and lockdown restrictions have affected the follow-up of patients. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of this situation on the control of diabetes, eventually resulting in related neuro-ophthalmological complications.

Methods:

This retrospective case series included diabetic patients visiting the neuro-ophthalmology clinic at a tertiary care eye center in India from 25 March 2020 to 25 September 2020 during the lockdown. The incidence of diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmological complications, including third, fourth, sixth nerve palsies and non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (NAION) was evaluated and compared with that of the same period during 2019.

Results:

Overall disease incidence rate was significantly higher in the year 2020 (60.2%) compared to the previous year of 2019 (29.8%). The proportion of third nerve palsy (4.8% vs 16.3%, P < 0.001) and NAION (0.3% vs 14.3%, P < 0.001) had increased. Even though the percentage of sixth nerve palsy was 25% in 2020, this was not significantly different from 2019. There was a reduction in the percentage of fourth nerve palsy cases from the year 2019 to 2020.

Conclusion:

There was a significant increase in diabetes-related neuro-ophthalmic complications during the COVID-19 lockdown. This can possibly be attributed to worsening of glycemic control in diabetic patients.
Management of Ahmed glaucoma valve tube exposure after scleral patch graft shrinkage
Authors: Mansoori Tarannum
Published: August 2022

Background:

Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) is an useful modality in the management of medically refractory glaucoma. Human donor scleral patch graft (SPG) can be employed to cover the external portion of the tube to prevent its exposure and associated sight-threatening complication.

Purpose:

To report the management of a case of AGV tube exposure due to SPG shrinkage in the right eye (RE) of a patient.

Synopsis:

Under peribulbar anesthesia, the conjunctiva is undermined posteriorly, on either side of the exposed tube. The AGV tube is noted to lay firmly against the sclera without any excessive movement. The shrunk and displaced SPG is excised, and a larger, 6 × 8 mm, full-thickness, human donor SPG is placed on the episcleral bed, over the exposed segment of the tube, to ensure its adequate coverage. The SPG is sutured with four interrupted, 10-0 nylon sutures. The SPG is adequately covered with conjunctiva, by conjunctival mobilization and advancement to avoid excessive tension over the tube and closed with interrupted, 8-0 Vicryl suture.

Highlights:

SPG shrinkage and overlying conjunctival erosion can occur after AGV implantation. This can cause AGV tube exposure, which can be managed by donor SPG to cover the exposed tube.

Online Video Link:

https://youtu.be/36Y0n22SxPU

Key words: AGV, scleral patch graft, tube exposure
Correlation of parental and childhood myopia in children aged 5–16 years in North India
Authors: Rathi Manisha , Chhabra Sargam , Sachdeva Sumit , Rustagi Inder M , Soni Dixit , Dhania Sweety
Published: August 2022

Purpose:

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation of parental and childhood myopia among school children aged 5–16 years in North India.

Methods:

This study included a total of 1400 children aged 5–16 years in a district in North India. Visual acuity was measured using a Snellen’s chart. Children with myopia after retinoscopy were worked up in detail in our institute and a history of parental myopia was taken.

Results:

A total of 1400 students studying in class 5–10, aged between 5 and 16 years, were screened. A total of 487 students had myopia. Of the 487 myopes, 220 (45.2%) had parental myopia, of which 115 (30.1%) had myopia in both parents, 64 (19.3%) had mothers with myopia, and 41 (13.3%) had fathers with myopia. The prevalence of paternal (P = 0.001) and maternal (P = 0.002) myopia in myopes compared to parental myopia in emmetropes was found to be highly significant. There was a highly significant statistical correlation between maternal myopia and myopia in the child, when compared to the presence of myopia in both the parents (P = 0.007).

Conclusion:

There was a statistically significant correlation between myopia in the parents and children, which was more significant in the mothers of the children.