bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Biossorção do corante vermelho escarlate direto por bagaço de mandioca
Authors: Alessandretti Ingridy , Jesus Regiane Ribeiro de , Guedes Sumaya Ferreira , Loss Raquel Aparecida , Paula Juliana Maria de , Geraldi Claudineia Aparecida Queli
Published: April 2021

A indústria têxtil faz uso de corantes nos processos de tingimento, gerando efluentes com potencial tóxico ao meio ambiente e seres humanos, se não tratados adequadamente. A biossorção é uma alternativa para remoção de corantes de matrizes aquosas, sendo uma técnica de baixo custo e efetiva, possibilitando ainda, o uso de resíduos agroindustriais. Portanto, esse trabalho objetivou avaliar a capacidade de remoção do corante vermelho escarlate direto utilizando como biossorvente o bagaço de mandioca, um resíduo amplamente gerado no Brasil. O biossorvente foi caracterizado quanto a sua área específica superficial. Inicialmente, testes preliminares foram realizados para obter as melhores condições de pH, temperatura e velocidade de rotação, e posteriormente, foram realizados testes cinéticos e de equilibrio de adsorção. A modelagem matemática foi empregada a fim de compreender os mecanismos envolvidos na adsorção do corante. O bagaço de mandioca apresentou área superficial específica de 3,012 m² g-1, com presença de microporos. Os ensaios de biossorção em batelada, obtiveram condições ótimas de operação em pH 2, 50 °C e 90 rpm. Na cinética, em 300 min obteve-se remoção de 84%. Nas isotermas de adsorção, a capacidade máxima de adsorção em monocamada estimada pelo modelo de Langmuir foi de 25,1 mg g-1. Na modelagem matemática, ambos os modelos de Pseudo-primeira ordem, Pseudo-segunda ordem e Elovich, representam os dados cinéticos, sugerindo ocorrência de mais de um mecanismo no processo, enquanto nas isotermas, os modelos de Redlich-Peterson e Toth sugerem uma tendência ao modelo de Freundlich. Em geral, o bagaço de mandioca mostrou-se um adsorvente eficiente na remoção do corante em estudo.
Apical extrusion of debris using hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gel as auxiliary substances in endodontic instrumentation
Authors: Kadi Eduardo Mansur , Limoeiro Ana Grasiela da Silva , Bronzato Juliana Delatorre , Radaic Sandra , Garcia Karla , Neri Livia , Nascimento Wayne Martins , Soares Adriana de Jesus , Frozoni Marcos
Published: April 2021

Aim: This study evaluated the amount of extruded debris after canal preparation using three root canal irrigating substances. Methodology: Thirty human extracted single-rooted lower premolars were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n = 10) according to the chemical substance used for irrigation. G1: 2.5% sodium hypochlorite; G2: 2% chlorhexidine gel; and G3: 0.9% saline solution. The canals were instrumented using Reciproc Blue file (VDW, Munich, Germany). Apically extruded debris was collected into a pre-weighed Eppendorf tube filled with agar gel. Extruded debris were calculated by subtracting the tooth-free apparatus weight from the post preparation weight value. The data were analyzed using the ANOVA test at a 5% significance level. Results: No statistically significant differences were noted between the groups. However, G3 had the largest extrusion weight, and G2 produced less debris when compared to the other groups (p > .05). Conclusion: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, our data suggest that all chemical substances tested caused debris extrusion, although no statistically significant differences were found between the three substances.
Uma revisão sistemática sobre os benefícios da drenagem linfática manual no tratamento do edema em membros inferiores
Authors: Brito Paloma Kassia Sousa de , Angelim Carolina Cabral , Casseb Samir Mansour Moraes
Published: April 2021

A drenagem linfática manual (DLM), consiste em uma técnica de manobras utilizadas em tratamentos fisioterápicos, a fim de direcionar e aumentar o fluxo linfático suavemente. O procedimento é considerado uma alternativa para o tratamento de edemas em membros inferiores causados, em sua maioria, pelo envelhecimento e insuficiências (cardíaca, hepática, linfática, renal e venosa). Nesse sentido, o objetivo é apresentar os benefícios do tratamento de edema em membros inferiores através da DLM. Para este fim, foram utilizados dados bibliográficos extraídos de artigos em português e inglês publicados entre os anos de 1995-2019 nas bases de dados: LILACS, Scielo, MEDLINE e BVS. Utilizando as palavras “edema”, “drenagem linfática” e “membros inferiores”, foram obtidos 52 artigos. Dentre eles, 8 se encaixavam nos critérios deste estudo e foram selecionados para análise. Os trabalhos apresentaram as condições dos pacientes antes e após a terapia. Verificou-se nos artigos que todos os pacientes possuíam comprometimento circulatório ou linfático que geravam edemas. Em decorrência disso, passaram por estímulo e evacuação de linfonodos, seguindo movimentos com pressão rítmica, lenta e suave, além de medidas de compressão da região afetada. Essa terapia mostrou-se eficiente no tratamento de dermatofibrose, flebite, doença venosa crônica, fibroedema geloide e linfedemas; promovendo redução do edema e alívio das dores.
Condicionantes para cultivo de soja tolerante ao déficit hídrico no Semiárido Nordestino
Authors: Viana Jeandson Silva , Tenório Barros Cleyton , Borges João Paulo Goes da Silva , Silva Maria Beatrice Gueiros , Gonçalves Edilma Pereira , Moura Mácio Farias de
Published: April 2021

A soja é uma cultura de grande expressividade mundial e o Brasil atualmente é o maior produtor e exportador dessa cultura, com potencial territorial para expansão do seu cultivo. Diante das previsões apontadas pelas principais instituições governamentais (mudanças climáticas, aumento populacional e a escassez dos recursos hídricos), garantir a segurança alimentar de uma população crescente exigirá estratégias e melhorias que visem o aumento da produtividade. Objetivou-se identificar atributos do meio e das plantas de soja que as tornem tolerantes ao déficit hídrico e que possibilitem o incremento da produção em ambientes semi-áridos do nordeste do Brasil. Tendo em vista que a maioria dos grandes países produtores de soja são compostos em sua maior parte de territórios áridos e semiáridos, e decorrente às atuais mudanças climáticas, existe uma forte tendência de que novas áreas possam estar se tornando áridas e semiáridas. As soluções para enfrentar o estresse decorrente do déficit hídrico imposta à soja em ambientes áridos e semiáridos precisam estar relacionados ao melhoramento fisiológico, morfológico e genético que auxiliem no enfrentamento desse estresse. Aumento das raízes, maior eficiência na fixação de nitrogênio, controle na condutância estomática e o uso eficiente da água por parte da planta são alguns dos desafios que a engenharia genética deverá responder para o desenvolvimento de uma variedade de soja tolerante ao déficit hídrico. Mais estudos que visem encontrar respostas capazes de solucionar o déficit hídrico na soja devem ser conduzidos.
Effect of preoperative pneumococcal immunization on the incidence of respiratory infection in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery
Authors: Galli Stéfani , Costa Mário Augusto Cray da , Souza Ana Carolina Mello Fontoura de , Scomparin Dionizia Xavier
Published: April 2021

Objective: To analyze whether the incidence of respiratory infections in the postoperative period of cardiac surgery is lower in patients immunized with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine. To study the main risk factors related to the development of infections in patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Methodology: 40 patients were included in the study, randomized 1: 1 to receive pneumococcal vaccine or placebo, 14 days before undergoing elective cardiac surgery. The incidence of infections in the 30 postoperative days was compared between groups. Results: There were 6 respiratory infections in the vaccine group and 2 in the placebo group (p=0.2024) and one death in the placebo group and none in the vaccine group (p=0.3173). Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (p=0.003), diabetes mellitus (p=0.047) and peripheral arterial disease (p=0.0001) were listed as risk factors for the development of infections, which generated an increase in hospital stay (95% CI : 1.33- 7.13; p =0.0147) and ICU stay in the postoperative period (95% CI: 1.87- 33.45; p=0.0025). Conclusion: The application of pneumococcal vaccine 13v did not influence the development of postoperative pulmonary infections. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus and peripheral arterial disease were identified as risk factors for the development of infections, increasing the length of total hospital stay and time in the ICU.
Enteropatógenos associados a enterocolite em potros: Aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e métodos de diagnóstico
Authors: Souza Rafaela Pinto de , Mousquer Mariana Andrade , Müller Vitória , Curcio Bruna da Rosa , Nogueira Carlos Eduardo Wayne
Published: April 2021

As enterocolites estão entre as afecções que mais acometem potros em sistemas de criações de equinos em todo o mundo. É estimado que até 80% dos potros nos primeiros seis meses de vida são acometidos por pelo menos um episódio de diarreia, em sua grande maioria episódios leves e transitórios, entretanto, os custos com o tratamento e a taxa de mortalidade que esta afecção pode gerar são impactantes para criadores e proprietários. O objetivo desta revisão é descrever os aspectos epidemiológicos, clínicos e métodos de diagnóstico dos principais enteropatógenos bacterianos, virais e parasitários envolvidos em episódios de diarreia em potros do nascimento aos 8 meses de vida. Foram utilizados artigos disponíveis nas plataformas Mendeley, MEDLINE, pubMed, SciELO.  Entre os principais enteropatógenos causadores de diarreia em potros, podemos destacar as infecções causadas por Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli, Rhodococcus equi, Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium difficile, Lawsonia intracellularis, Rotavírus, Coronavírus e helmintos. A identificação de potros de risco e a implementação de protocolos terapêuticos com base nos exames complementares e identificação do agente etiológico são de grande importância para o sucesso no tratamento, controle e implementação de métodos de profilaxia nos sistemas de criação.
Teoria das Representações Sociais e Educação Física: Análise de teses e dissertações defendidas em programas brasileiros de pós-graduação
Authors: Souza Everton de , Benites Larissa Cerignoni
Published: April 2021

Esta pesquisa teve como objetivo mapear e analisar as teses e dissertações defendidas entre 2013 e 2020 em programas brasileiros de pós-graduação e que versam sobre as representações sociais e a Educação Física no contexto educacional. No que tange aos aspectos metodológicos, a presente investigação caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa de abordagem quali-quantitativa com delineamento bibliográfico e análise bibliométrica. A busca pelos trabalhos foi realizada na Plataforma Digital Brasileira de Teses e Dissertações e no Catálogo de Teses e Dissertações da Capes por meio dos descritores ‘representações sociais’ e ‘Educação Física’ e com a utilização do operador booleano AND. Após a aplicação de critérios de inclusão e de exclusão, foram selecionados vinte e oito trabalhos para serem analisados com maior profundidade. Os resultados apontam que nos últimos anos houve maior adesão à Teoria das Representações Sociais pelos pós-graduandos brasileiros que pesquisam a Educação Física Escolar. Todavia, destaca-se que ainda é necessário maior apropriação dessa teoria pelos pesquisadores da área.
Política de Cotas e a Educação como Direito Social: Um breve relato sobre a implementação dessa política no Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina
Authors: Trindade Viviane Aparecida , Hulse Levi
Published: April 2021

O Ensino Superior brasileiro expandiu-se fortemente nos últimos anos e a adoção de políticas públicas para acesso e permanência do estudante trouxeram, às instituições de ensino superior, um número elevado de estudantes provenientes de escolas públicas e em condições socioeconômicas adversas. Este Artigo é resultado de uma investigação bibliográfica sobre a educação como direito social e o marco histórico de Cotas no Brasil e sua legislação, bem como, a implementação no Instituto Federal de Educação Ciência e Tecnologia de Santa Catarina.
PEMBANGUNAN RUANG TERBUKA HIJAU DI PROVINSI KALIMANTAN BARAT
Authors: Budhianti Meta Indah
Published: April 2021

Penetapan besaran luas RTH ini bisa juga disebut sebagai bagian dari pengembanganRTH kota. Disayangkan, bahwa dalam hal pengelolaan RTH kota perlu konsistensipenerapan sesuai dengan RIK yang telah disepakati bersama agar RTHnya tetap bisaeksis, bahkan kualitas maupun kuantitasnya bisa terus meningkat. Perumusanpermasalahan adalah Bagaimana pengaturan Pembangunan Ruang Terbuka Hijau diProvinsi Kalimantan Barat berdasarkan Peraturan Perundang-Undangan danBagaimana upaya pemerintah dalam pembangunan Ruang Terbuka Hijau di ProvinsiKalimantan Barat. Hasil penelitian ini adalah pengaturan pembangunan Ruang TerbukaHijau di Provinsi Kalimantan Barat mengacu pada Undang-Undang Nomor 26 Tahun2007 tentang Penataan Ruang dan Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No.05/PRT/M/2008 Tentang Pedoman Penyediaan dan Pemanfaatan Ruang Terbuka Hijaudi Kawasan Perkotaan dan peran pemerintah memberdayakan lahan di setiap desa,kedepannya kita akan memberdayakan lahan di setiap desa dengan membangunruang terbuka hijau. Minimal dalam satu desa itu ada lahan seluas 2 hektare untukruang terbuka hijau.
Impact of vitamin E and selenium supplementation on oxidative parameters and reproductive efficiency of Egyptian buffaloes
Authors: Hassan Mervat Sayed , Abd-Allah Elham Abdelsabour
Published: April 2021

A total of 17 pregnant buffaloes were divided into 2 groups: treated group (n = 10), supplemented with vitamin E and Se (15 ml of Viteselen 15®), and control group (n = 7); not supplemented with vitamin E and Se. The blood sample was collected 4 weeks before and after parturition. The reproductive performance and blood biochemical analysis were conducted as calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), and progesterone (P4). Oxidative stressed parameters as malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO), serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were measured. Our results revealed that, treated group free from any postpartum uterine disorder with earlier ovarian resumption than control. The P4, Ca, P, and Mg was increased in the treated blood. Reduce concentrations of NO and MDA was found in the treated group. Meanwhile, a significant increase in SOD and GSH-px postpartum in the treated group was found compared to the control group. In conclusion, supplementation of buffaloes with vitamin E and Se during the transition period has a vital role, through the changes in different oxidative parameters and enhancing metabolic status, which optimizes Egyptian buffaloes' reproductive efficiency.
Compressed Communication Complexity of Hamming Distance
Authors: Mitsuya Shiori , Nakashima Yuto , Inenaga Shunsuke , Bannai Hideo , Takeda Masayuki
Published: April 2021

We consider the communication complexity of the Hamming distance of two strings. Bille et al. [SPIRE 2018] considered the communication complexity of the longest common prefix (LCP) problem in the setting where the two parties have their strings in a compressed form, i.e., represented by the Lempel-Ziv 77 factorization (LZ77) with/without self-references. We present a randomized public-coin protocol for a joint computation of the Hamming distance of two strings represented by LZ77 without self-references. Although our scheme is heavily based on Bille et al.’s LCP protocol, our complexity analysis is original which uses Crochemore’s C-factorization and Rytter’s AVL-grammar. As a byproduct, we also show that LZ77 with/without self-references are not monotonic in the sense that their sizes can increase by a factor of 4/3 when a prefix of the string is removed.
Wing Structure of the Next-Generation Civil Tiltrotor: From Concept to Preliminary Design
Authors: Belardo Marika , Marano Aniello Daniele , Beretta Jacopo , Diodati Gianluca , Graziano Mario , Capasso Mariacarmela , Ariola Pierpaolo , Orlando Salvatore , Di Caprio Francesco , Paletta Nicola , Di Palma Luigi
Published: April 2021

The main objective of this paper is to describe a methodology to be applied in the preliminary design of a tiltrotor wing based on previously developed conceptual design methods. The reference vehicle is the Next-Generation Civil Tiltrotor Technology Demonstrator (NGCTR-TD) developed by Leonardo Helicopters within the Clean Sky research program framework. In a previous work by the authors, based on the specific requirements (i.e., dynamics, strength, buckling, functional), the first iteration of design was aimed at finding a wing structure with a minimized structural weight but at the same time strong and stiff enough to comply with sizing loads and aeroelastic stability in the flight envelope. Now, the outcome from the first design loop is used to build a global Finite Element Model (FEM), to be used for a multi-objective optimization performed by using a commercial software environment. In other words, the design strategy, aimed at finding a first optimal solution in terms of the thickness of composite components, is based on a two-level optimization. The first-level optimization is performed with engineering models (non-FEA-based), and the second-level optimization, discussed in this paper, within an FEA environment. The latter is shown to provide satisfactory results in terms of overall wing weight, and a zonal optimization of the composite parts, which is the starting point of an engineered model and a detailed FEM (beyond the scope of the present work), which will also take into account manufacturing, assembly, installation, accessibility and maintenance constraints.
Unraveling the Metabolite Signature of Endophytic Bacillus velezensis Strain Showing Defense Response towards Fusarium oxysporum
Authors: Cao Yang , Ding Wei , Liu Chang
Published: April 2021

Seedling blight, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum, significantly lowers rice production globally. Earlier reports have opined that endophytic bacteria strains could be possible biocontrol agents, but the mechanistic actions involved are still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed to isolate the endophytic bacteria with high inhibitory activity and elucidate its possible mechanisms for inducing resistance by metabolomics. The results showed that mdj-36 had the strongest in vitro pathogen inhibition of F. oxysporum, while mdj-34 displayed the lowest inhibitory activity identified as Bacillus velezensis strains. Metabolomic analyses demonstrated that B. velezensis mdj-36 growth medium could produce higher organic acids, terpenes, and diterpene than B. velezensis mdj-34. Further investigation revealed that ‘secondary bile acid biosynthesis’ and ‘glycerophospholipid metabolism’ pathways played essential roles in defense response towards F. oxysporum. This study’s findings provide a credible theoretical basis for the possible use of the B. velezensis strain against rice seedling blight.
Deciphering the Potential of Bioactivated Rock Phosphate and Di-Ammonium Phosphate on Agronomic Performance, Nutritional Quality and Productivity of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)
Authors: Arfan-ul-Haq Muhammad , Yaseen Muhammad , Naveed Muhammad , Mustafa Adnan , Siddique Sulman , Alamri Saud , Siddiqui Manzer H. , Al-Amri Abdullah A. , D. Alsubaie Qasi , Ali Hayssam M.
Published: April 2021

Wheat is one of the leading staple crops in many countries. Phosphorus (P) plays an important role for wheat growth and yield as it takes part in many metabolic pathways. Even for soluble phosphatic fertilizers, most of the Pakistani soils, being alkaline and calcareous in nature, show phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) not more than 10–25%. The major issue is the unavailability of P due to fixation and precipitation reactions with soil particles. Composting of rock-phosphate with animal and poultry manures supplied with bio-stimulated phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) not only enhances the RP solubilization but also serves as a potent source of P for plants. Composted/bio-activated rock-phosphate (B-RP), prepared by group of three bacterial strains i.e., Pseudomonas sp. (E11), Bacillus sp. (MN54) and Enterobacter sp. (MN17) aided with molasses (5%) and urea (10%), was tested alone and in various combinations with di-ammonium phosphate (DAP). In this pot trial, the combined application of B-RP and DAP was found superior to the sole application of B-RP. Even the combination of B-RP and DAP sharing equal amount of recommended P showed better results as compared to the sole application of DAP, giving improved shoot biomass (25%), total P-uptake (67%), recovery efficiency of P (75%), dry matter (29%), crude protein (29%), and other yield, physiological and nutritional quality parameters of wheat. So, it could be concluded that integrated use of B-RP and DAP with equal proportion of recommended P could serve as a better management practice for not only improving quantity but also the quality of the wheat grain.
Regulation of Osmotic Balance and Increased Antioxidant Activities under Heat Stress in Abelmoschus esculentus L. Triggered by Exogenous Proline Application
Authors: Hussain Rashid , Ayyub Choudhary Muhammad , Shaheen Muhammad Rashid , Rashid Sahar , Nafees Muhammad , Ali Saif , Butt Madiha , Ali Mujahid , Maqsood Ambreen , Fiaz Sajid , Ahmar Sunny , Mahmood Tahir , Mora-Poblete Freddy
Published: April 2021

Keeping in view the yield losses instigated by heat stress in several crops, we carried out an experiment to explore the curative effect of exogenous applications of proline on the morpho-physiological, biochemical, and water-related attributes of okra genotypes under high-temperature stress (controlled conditions). Four contrasting genotypes C1, C2, C3, and C4 heat tolerant and heat sensitive genotypes were selected from a diverse panel of okra genotypes (n = 100) to examine plant responses to high-temperature stress and exogenous application of proline. Four-week-old seedlings were subjected to heat stress by gradually increasing the temperature of a growth chamber from 28/22 °C to 45/35 °C (day/night) and sprayed with an optimized proline concentration 2.5 mM. The experiment consisted of a factorial arrangement of treatments in a completely randomized design. The results showed that there were maximum increases in shoot length (32.7%), root length (58.9%), and shoot fresh (85.7%). The quantities of leaves per plant were increased by 52.9%, 123.6%, 82.5%, and 62.2% in C1, C2, C3, and C4 after proline application. On the other hand, only root fresh weight decreased in all genotypes after proline application by 23.1%, 20%, 266.7%, and 280.8% (C1, C2, C3, C4). A lower leaf temperature of 27.72 °C, minimum transpiration of 3.29 mmol m−2 s−1, maximum photosynthesis of 3.91 μmol m−2 s−1, and a maximum water use efficiency of 1.20 μmol CO2 mmol H2O were recorded in the genotypes C2, C1, C3, and C4, respectively. The highest enzymatic activity of superoxide dismutase, peroxidase and catalase were 14.88, 0.31, and 0.15 U mg-protein in C2, C1, and C3, respectively. Maximum leaf proline, glycinebetaine, total free amino acids, and chlorophyll content 3.46 mg g−1, 4.02 mg g−1, 3.46 mg g−1, and 46.89 (in C2), respectively, due to foliar applications of proline. Another important finding was that heat tolerance in okra was highly linked highly linked to genotypes’ genetic potential, having more water use efficiency, enzymatic activities, and physio-biochemical attributes under the foliar applications of proline.
Commensal Escherichia coli Antimicrobial Resistance and Multidrug-Resistance Dynamics during Broiler Growing Period: Commercial vs. Improved Farm Conditions
Authors: Montoro-Dasi Laura , Villagra Arantxa , Sevilla-Navarro Sandra , Pérez-Gracia Maria Teresa , Vega Santiago , Marin Clara
Published: April 2021

New measures applied to reduce antimicrobial resistances (AMR) at field level in broiler production are focused on improving animals’ welfare and resilience. However, it is necessary to have better knowledge of AMR epidemiology. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate AMR and multidrug resistance (MDR) dynamics during the rearing of broilers under commercial (33 kg/m2 density and max. 20 ppm ammonia) and improved (17 kg/m2 density and max. 10 ppm ammonia) farm conditions. Day-old chicks were housed in two poultry houses (commercial vs. improved), and no antimicrobial agents were administered at any point. Animals were sampled at arrival day, mid-period and at slaughter day. High AMR rates were observed throughout rearing. No statistical differences were observed between groups. Moreover, both groups presented high MDR at slaughter day. These results could be explained by vertical or horizontal resistance acquisition. In conclusion, AMR and MDR are present throughout rearing. Moreover, although a lower level of MDR was observed at mid-period in animals reared under less intensive conditions, no differences were found at the end. In order to reduce the presence of AMR bacteria in poultry, further studies are needed to better understand AMR acquisition and prevalence in differing broiler growing conditions.
Immunohistochemical Screening of HER2 in Canine Carcinomas: A Preliminary Study
Authors: Brunetti Barbara , Bacci Barbara , Sarli Giuseppe , Pancioni Elisa , Muscatello Luisa Vera
Published: April 2021

HER2 overexpression has been reported in various human and canine tumours. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of HER2 protein in different histotypes of canine carcinomas in order to identify potential tumours that could benefit from the HER2-targeted therapy. Eighty-two (82) canine carcinomas (squamous cell, gastro-intestinal, rectal, pulmonary, prostatic, urothelial, and ovarian) from paraffin-embedded samp les were immunohistochemically evaluated. The degree of HER2 expression was scored based on the ASCO/CAP 2018 guidelines. Intestinal carcinomas were those with greater HER2 overexpression (3+) with 81% of positive cases, followed by 42% of rectal carcinomas and 28% of squamous cell carcinomas. These observations suggest that HER2 overexpression could be a driver in the oncogenesis of several types of canine carcinomas and lay the foundations for the identification of different types of canine carcinomas that could benefit from HER2-targeted therapy.
Effect of Postbiotic Based on Lactic Acid Bacteria on Semen Quality and Health of Male Rabbits
Authors: Díaz Cano Jesús V. , Argente María-José , García María-Luz
Published: April 2021

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of lactic acid bacteria-based postbiotic supplementation on semen characteristics and hematological and biochemical profiles in rabbits. A total of 28 males were randomly allocated into two groups. Males received a Control diet and Enriched diet supplemented with postbiotic for 15 weeks (4 weeks of adaptation period and 11 weeks of experimental period). Body weight, feed intake and semen characteristics were recorded weekly. Hematological profile was recorded at the beginning and end of the experiment and biochemical profile at 0, 5, 10 and 15 weeks. Bayesian methodology was used for the statistical analysis. Feed intake was higher in Control diet (125.2 g) than in the Enriched diet (118.6 g, p = 1.00). The percentages of abnormal spermatozoa were higher in Control diet than in Enriched diet (30% and 22%; p = 0.93) and the acrosome integrity percentage was lower (97% and 96%; p = 0.87). The hematological profile was within the range for healthy rabbits. The plasmatic level of alanine aminotransferase was higher in Control diet than Enriched diet at 5 and 10 weeks (p = 0.93 and p = 0.94, respectively) and alkaline phosphatase was similar in Control diet throughout the experiment, but decreased in Enriched diet (p = 0.97). No difference was found in kidney parameters (uric nitrogen and creatinine). Enriched diet showed higher total protein and globulin than Control diet (p = 0.99). Phosphorus was lower (p = 0.92) in Control diet than in Enriched diet. In conclusion, the addition of the postbiotic based on lactic acid bacteria seems to improve the quality of the semen and the liver profile in rabbits.
Digital Twins in Livestock Farming
Authors: Neethirajan Suresh , Kemp Bas
Published: April 2021

Artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML) and big data are consistently called upon to analyze and comprehend many facets of modern daily life. AI and ML in particular are widely used in animal husbandry to monitor both the animals and environment around the clock, which leads to a better understanding of animal behavior and distress, disease control and prevention, and effective business decisions for the farmer. One particularly promising area that advances upon AI is digital twin technology, which is currently used to improve efficiencies and reduce costs across multiple industries and sectors. In contrast to a model, a digital twin is a digital replica of a real-world entity that is kept current with a constant influx of data. The application of digital twins within the livestock farming sector is the next frontier and has the potential to be used to improve large-scale precision livestock farming practices, machinery and equipment usage, and the health and well-being of a wide variety of farm animals. The mental and emotional states of animals can be monitored using recognition technology that examines facial features, such as ear postures and eye white regions. Used with modeling, simulation and augmented reality technologies, digital twins can help farmers to build more energy-efficient housing structures, predict heat cycles for breeding, discourage negative behaviors of livestock, and potentially much more. As with all disruptive technological advances, the implementation of digital twin technology will demand a thorough cost and benefit analysis of individual farms. Our goal in this review is to assess the progress toward the use of digital twin technology in livestock farming, with the goal of revolutionizing animal husbandry in the future.
Toxic and Microbiological Effects of Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles as Additives on Extended Ram Semen
Authors: Tsakmakidis Ioannis A. , Samaras Theodoros , Anastasiadou Sofia , Basioura Athina , Ntemka Aikaterini , Michos Ilias , Simeonidis Konstantinos , Karagiannis Isidoros , Tsousis Georgios , Angelakeris Mavroeidis , Boscos Constantin M.
Published: April 2021

The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide (Fe) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) on ram semen. A skim milk extender without antibiotics was used as a diluent of 21 ejaculates (8 rams; 2–3 ejaculates/ram). The groups of control (C; semen without NPs), Fe NPs (3.072 mg Fe3O4/mL semen), and Ag NPs (2.048 mg Ag-Fe/mL semen) were incubated (15 °C; 30 min), and then a magnetic field was used for NPs’ removal. Standard microbiological procedures were performed for all groups. Post-treated samples were stored (15 °C) for 24 h, and sperm variables (kinetics by computer assisted sperm analysis (CASA); viability; morphology; HOST; DNA integrity) were evaluated at 6 and 24 h. Semen data were analyzed by a mixed model for repeated measures and microbiological data with Student’s t-test for paired samples. At 6 h of storage, VCL and rapid movement-spermatozoa, and at 24 h, total/progressive motility and amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH) were significantly decreased in group Ag compared to control. In group Fe, progressive/rapid movement-spermatozoa were significantly lower compared to control after 24 h of storage. Only in group Ag was a significant reduction of total bacterial count revealed. In conclusion, the examined Fe NPs demonstrated slight antibacterial effect, while the examined Ag NPs provided higher antibacterial properties accompanied by cytotoxicity.
Prevalence of Worldwide Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea Caused by Bovine Rotavirus in Combination with Bovine Coronavirus, Escherichia coli K99 and Cryptosporidium spp.: A Meta-Analysis
Authors: Brunauer Michael , Roch Franz-Ferdinand , Conrady Beate
Published: April 2021

Multiple enteropathogens such as bovine rotavirus (BRV), bovine coronavirus (BCoV), Escherichia coli K99 (ETEC) and Cryptosporidium spp. (Crypto) are the most common causes of calf diarrhoea during the first 30 days of animal age. Three weighted-stratified random-effects meta-analyses were performed to calculate the worldwide prevalence of mixed infections of the causative agents (i.e., BRV-BCoV, BRV-ETEC, BRV-Crypto) and their potential influencing factors. The meta-analysis covered 41 studies (94 sub-studies) in 21 countries that determined the presence or absence of mixed infections in global calf populations. The highest worldwide estimated pooled prevalence was identified for BRV-Crypto (6.69%), followed by BRV-BCoV (2.84%), and BRV-ETEC (1.64%). The chance of detecting BCoV in calves with diarrhoea was 1.83 higher in the presence of BRV compared to calves without BRV, whereby an inhibition effect (odds ratio: 0.77) was determined between BRV and Crypto infections. The diagnostic methods were identified as a significant influencing factor in the detection of all considered mixed infections, while the other analysed factors differed in relation to their effect on prevalence. In contrast to BRV-BCoV, the prevalence of BRV-ETEC and BRV-Crypto mixed infections followed the course of individual ETEC and Crypto prevalence related to the age class of the sampled animals.
Ducks’ Growth, Meat Quality, Bone Strength, and Jejunum Strength Depend on Zeolite in Feed and Long-Term Factors
Authors: Biesek Jakub , Banaszak Mirosław , Adamski Marek
Published: April 2021

The safety of production and the high quality of meat are important aspects of rearing poultry, especially when natural solutions are used. Because of the increasing popularity of duck meat, the aim of the present study was to assess the effect of a diet with an inclusion of zeolite on the growth performance, meat quality, and strength of the bones and jejunum in ducks of different origin, sex, and age at slaughter. The study was conducted on 320 Orvia and Cherry Valley ducks. Birds were allocated to eight groups, according to their sex and origin. Half of the birds received feed with a 4% inclusion of zeolite. Body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio per kilogram of gain were calculated. After six or seven weeks, five birds from each group were selected and slaughtered. After dissection, meat quality (pH, water-holding capacity, colour) and the strength of the bones and gut were analysed. The analysis revealed that zeolite was associated with reduced body weight gains and increased feed conversion ratio, but with a higher water-holding capacity of breast muscles in seven-week-old ducks, and with a higher yellowness and water-holding capacity of leg muscles in six-week-old ducks. A positive effect of long-term factors (age, sex, origin) and the interaction with zeolite was found for most of the analysed traits. Findings on the effect of 4% inclusion of zeolite in duck diet were inconclusive. The study implies the need for further research, since zeolite has potential as a natural sanitizing agent and can improve the quality of produced duck meat.
Antibacterial Secondary Metabolites from Marine-Derived Fungus Aspergillus sp. IMCASMF180035
Authors: Song Fuhang , Lin Rui , Yang Na , Jia Jia , Wei Shangzhu , Han Jiahui , Li Jiangpeng , Bi Hongkai , Xu Xiuli
Published: April 2021

Four new secondary metabolites, including one spiro[anthracenone-xanthene] derivative aspergiloxathene A (1), one penicillide analogue, Δ2′-1′-dehydropenicillide (2), and two new phthalide derivatives, 5-methyl-3-methoxyepicoccone (3) and 7-carboxy-4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphthalide (4), together with four known compounds, yicathin C (5), dehydropenicillide (6), 3-methoxyepicoccone (7), 4-hydroxy-6-methoxy-5-methylphthalide (8), were identified from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus sp. IMCASMF180035. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic data, including high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HRESIMS), 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques. Compound 1 was identified as the first jointed molecule by xanthene and anthracenone moieties possessing an unprecedented carbon skeleton with spiro-ring system. All compounds were evaluated activities against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA), Escherichia coli, Escherichia faecium, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Helicobacter pylori. Compound 1 showed significant inhibitory effects against S. aureus and MRSA, with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 5.60 and 22.40 µM. Compounds 2 and 6 exhibited potent antibacterial activities against H. pylori, with MIC values of 21.73 and 21.61 µM, respectively.
Novel Soil-Derived Beta-Lactam, Chloramphenicol, Fosfomycin and Trimethoprim Resistance Genes Revealed by Functional Metagenomics
Authors: Willms Inka , Grote Maja , Kocatürk Melissa , Singhoff Lukas , Kraft Alina , Bolz Simon , Nacke Heiko
Published: April 2021

Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) in soil are considered to represent one of the largest environmental resistomes on our planet. As these genes can potentially be disseminated among microorganisms via horizontal gene transfer (HGT) and in some cases are acquired by clinical pathogens, knowledge about their diversity, mobility and encoded resistance spectra gained increasing public attention. This knowledge offers opportunities with respect to improved risk prediction and development of strategies to tackle antibiotic resistance, and might help to direct the design of novel antibiotics, before further resistances reach hospital settings or the animal sector. Here, metagenomic libraries, which comprise genes of cultivated microorganisms, but, importantly, also those carried by the uncultured microbial majority, were screened for novel ARGs from forest and grassland soils. We detected three new beta-lactam, a so far unknown chloramphenicol, a novel fosfomycin, as well as three previously undiscovered trimethoprim resistance genes. These ARGs were derived from phylogenetically diverse soil bacteria and predicted to encode antibiotic inactivation, antibiotic efflux, or alternative variants of target enzymes. Moreover, deduced gene products show a minimum identity of ~21% to reference database entries and confer high-level resistance. This highlights the vast potential of functional metagenomics for the discovery of novel ARGs from soil ecosystems.
Trueperella pyogenes Isolates from Livestock and European Bison (Bison bonasus) as a Reservoir of Tetracycline Resistance Determinants
Authors: Kwiecień Ewelina , Stefańska Ilona , Chrobak-Chmiel Dorota , Kizerwetter-Świda Magdalena , Moroz Agata , Olech Wanda , Spinu Marina , Binek Marian , Rzewuska Magdalena
Published: April 2021

Determinants of tetracycline resistance in Trueperella pyogenes are still poorly known. In this study, resistance to tetracycline was investigated in 114 T. pyogenes isolates from livestock and European bison. Tetracycline minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was evaluated by a microdilution method, and tetracycline resistance genes were detected by PCR. To determine variants of tetW and their linkage with mobile elements, sequencing analysis was performed. Among the studied isolates, 43.0% were tetracycline resistant (MIC ≥ 8 µg/mL). The highest MIC90 of tetracycline (32 µg/mL) was noted in bovine and European bison isolates. The most prevalent determinant of tetracycline resistance was tetW (in 40.4% of isolates), while tetA(33) was detected only in 8.8% of isolates. Four variants of tetW (tetW-1, tetW-2, tetW-3, tetW-4) were recognized. The tetW-3 variant was the most frequent and was linked to the ATE-1 transposon. The tetW-2 variant, found in a swine isolate, was not previously reported in T. pyogenes. This is the first report on determinants of tetracycline resistance in T. pyogenes isolates from European bison. These findings highlight that wild animals, including wild ruminants not treated with antimicrobials, can be a reservoir of tetracycline-resistant bacteria carrying resistance determinants, which may be easily spread among pathogenic and environmental microorganisms.
Repurposing Avermectins and Milbemycins against Mycobacteroides abscessus and Other Nontuberculous Mycobacteria
Authors: Muñoz-Muñoz Lara , Shoen Carolyn , Sweet Gaye , Vitoria Asunción , Bull Tim J. , Cynamon Michael , Thompson Charles J. , Ramón-García Santiago
Published: April 2021

Infections caused by nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are increasing worldwide, resulting in a new global health concern. NTM treatment is complex and requires combinations of several drugs for lengthy periods. In spite of this, NTM disease is often associated with poor treatment outcomes. The anti-parasitic family of macrocyclic lactones (ML) (divided in two subfamilies: avermectins and milbemycins) was previously described as having activity against mycobacteria, including Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mycobacterium ulcerans, and Mycobacterium marinum, among others. Here, we aimed to characterize the in vitro anti-mycobacterial activity of ML against a wide range of NTM species, including Mycobacteroides abscessus. For this, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of eight ML were determined against 80 strains belonging to nine different NTM species. Macrocyclic lactones showed variable ranges of anti-mycobacterial activity that were compound and species-dependent. Milbemycin oxime was the most active compound, displaying broad-spectrum activity with MIC lower than 8 mg/L. Time kill assays confirmed MIC data and showed bactericidal and sterilizing activity of some compounds. Macrocyclic lactones are available in many formulations and have been extensively used in veterinary and human medicine with suitable pharmacokinetics and safety properties. This information could be exploited to explore repurposing of anti-helminthics for NTM therapy.
Genome Characterization of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum Strain UTNGt2 Originated from Theobroma grandiflorum (White Cacao) of Ecuadorian Amazon: Antimicrobial Peptides from Safety to Potential Applications
Authors: Tenea Gabriela N. , Ortega Clara
Published: April 2021

The genome characterization of the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strain UTNGt2, isolated from wild copoazu or white cacao (Theobroma grandiflorum), is described. A total of 31 contigs is assembled with a total length of 3,264,448 bases, with all contigs matching the core genome of different groups in the database. The genome size is 3,540,752 bases with GC content of 44.53% and the genome repeat sequences constitute around 457,386 bases of the assembly. The UTNGt2 matches the Lactiplantibacillus plantarum genome with 99% identity. The genome contains 3115 genes, 3052 protein-coding genes, assigned with the EggNOG database. On the basis of the results, 745 proteins are classified with an unknown function, from which 128 proteins have no match in the BLASTN database. It also contains 57 tRNAs, 5 copies of 5S rRNA, and 1 copy of tmRNA. Based on gene prediction and annotation results, 9.4% of proteins are involved in carbohydrate transport and metabolism and 8.46% in transcription, 2.36% are responsible for defense mechanisms, 0.5% are responsible for the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, transport, and catabolism, while 25.11% have an unknown function. The genome revealed the presence of genes involved in riboflavin and folate production, the presence of CRISPR/Cas genes, phage sequences, the absence of acquired antibiotics resistance genes, virulence, and pathogenic factors, suggesting that UTNGt2 is a safe strain. Its highly antimicrobial capacity is related to the presence of two bacteriocin clusters (class IIc) of the sactipeptide class (contig 4) and plantaricin E class (contig 22), as detected by the BAGEL 4 webserver. Several RiPP-like peptides (non-bactericidal ribosomally produced and post-translationally modified peptides), polyketides (PKs), and terpenes were predicted. Whole-genome sequencing analysis revealed that the UTNGt2 strain has diverse bacteriocins with a high inhibitory capacity, thus it is a bacteriocinogenic strain. Considering the safety profile, UTNGt2 is a nonpathogenic, nonvirulent strain with valuable biotechnological traits and can be further exploited for its probiotic and antimicrobial potential in the food industry or as a potential producer strain of antimicrobial peptides as an alternative to conventional antibiotics.
Views of Community Pharmacists on Antimicrobial Resistance and Antimicrobial Stewardship in Jordan: A Qualitative Study
Authors: Saleh Doaa , Abu-Farha Rana , Mukattash Tareq L. , Barakat Muna , Alefishat Eman
Published: April 2021

The Center for Disease Control and Prevention and the World Health Organization issued a practical approach and Global Action Plan to control the threatening emerging antibacterial resistance. One of the main bases of this plan is the Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASPs). This study aimed to evaluate community pharmacists’ awareness and perception towards antimicrobial resistance and ASPs in Jordan. Thus, a qualitative study was conducted through in-depth interviews with twenty community pharmacists. Convenience sampling was used in the study. Qualitative analysis of the data yielded four themes and eleven sub-themes. All the respondents showed a good understanding of the causes of antimicrobial resistance. The most important cause reported by them was the non-restricted prescription of antimicrobials. Most of the pharmacists believed that they are competent to provide ASPs, however, they believed that there are several barriers against the implementation of ASPs in community pharmacies in Jordan. Barriers demonstrated by the pharmacists, included organizational obstacles, resources obstacles, and personal obstacles. In conclusion, this study revealed several barriers against the implementation of ASPs in community pharmacies in Jordan. Incorporating ASPs in the community pharmacy settings requires proper pharmacist training, several academic disciplines team efforts, and good pharmacy practice of antimicrobial guidelines.
The Impact of a Plant-Based Diet on Gestational Diabetes: A Review
Authors: Schiattarella Antonio , Lombardo Mauro , Morlando Maddalena , Rizzo Gianluca
Published: April 2021

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) represents a challenging pregnancy complication in which women present a state of glucose intolerance. GDM has been associated with various obstetric complications, such as polyhydramnios, preterm delivery, and increased cesarean delivery rate. Moreover, the fetus could suffer from congenital malformation, macrosomia, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome, and intrauterine death. It has been speculated that inflammatory markers such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL) 6, and C-reactive protein (CRP) impact on endothelium dysfunction and insulin resistance and contribute to the pathogenesis of GDM. Nutritional patterns enriched with plant-derived foods, such as a low glycemic or Mediterranean diet, might favorably impact on the incidence of GDM. A high intake of vegetables, fibers, and fruits seems to decrease inflammation by enhancing antioxidant compounds. This aspect contributes to improving insulin efficacy and metabolic control and could provide maternal and neonatal health benefits. Our review aims to deepen the understanding of the impact of a plant-based diet on oxidative stress in GDM.