bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Optimal Cutoff Value of Fractional Flow Reserve Derived From Coronary Computed Tomography Angiography for Predicting Hemodynamically Significant Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Matsumura-Nakano Yukiko , Kawaji Tetsuma , Shiomi Hiroki , Kawai-Miyake Kanae , Kataoka Masako , Koizumi Koji , Matsuda Akira , Kitano Kazuki , Yoshida Masaharu , Watanabe Hirotoshi , Tazaki Junichi , Kato Takao , Saito Naritatsu , Shizuta Satoshi , Ono Koh , Togashi Kaori , Morimoto Takeshi , Kimura Takeshi
Published: August 2019

Background:

The optimal cutoff value of fractional flow reserve (FFR) derived from coronary computed tomography angiography (FFR
CT
) remains unclear.

Methods:

The current study population consisted of 93 patients with 139 vessels, who had suspected coronary artery disease by computed tomography angiography and underwent invasive FFR. We evaluated diagnostic performance of FFR
CT
according to different FFR
CT
cutoff values and FFR
CT
ranges with invasive FFR ≤0.80 as the reference standard.

Results:

In per-vessel analysis, median invasive FFR was 0.85 (interquartile range, 0.75–0.90), and 57 out of 139 vessels (41%) showed hemodynamically significant stenosis (≤0.80). Median FFR
CT
was 0.77 (interquartile range, 0.66–0.84; mean difference [invasive FFR-FFR
CT
], 0.06±0.11). Per-vessel accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 73%, 95%, 59%, 61%, and 94% for the cutoff value of FFR
CT
≤0.80, 81%, 86%, 78%, 73%, and 89% for FFR
CT
≤0.75, and 83%, 74%, 89%, 82%, and 83% for FFR
CT
≤0.70, respectively. Per-vessel accuracy across the different ranges of FFR
CT
≤0.60, 0.61 to 0.70, 0.71 to 0.80, 0.81 to 0.90, and >0.90 with the cutoff value of FFR
CT
≤0.80 were 95%, 74%, 32%, 93%, and 100%, respectively. Setting a gray zone of FFR
CT
0.71 to 0.80 provided high positive predictive value (82%; n=42/51) in the range of FFR
CT
≤0.70 and high negative predictive value (94%; n=48/51) in FFR
CT
>0.80.

Conclusions:

This study suggested that referral to invasive coronary angiography should be considered individually in the range of FFR
CT
0.71 to 0.80, whereas dichotomous decision could be made in FFR
CT
≤0.70 and >0.80. Future prospective studies evaluating clinical outcomes are needed to establish optimal FFR
CT
-based diagnostic algorithm.
Instantaneous Amplitude and Frequency Modulations Detect the Footprint of Rotational Activity and Reveal Stable Driver Regions as Targets for Persistent Atrial Fibrillation Ablation
Authors: Quintanilla Jorge G. , Alfonso-Almazán José Manuel , Pérez-Castellano Nicasio , Pandit Sandeep V. , Jalife José , Pérez-Villacastín Julián , Filgueiras-Rama David
Published: August 2019

Rationale:

Costly proprietary panoramic multielectrode (64–256) acquisition systems are being increasingly used together with conventional electroanatomical mapping systems for persistent atrial fibrillation (PersAF) ablation. However, such approaches target alleged drivers (rotational/focal) regardless of their activation frequency dynamics.

Objectives:

To test the hypothesis that stable regions of higher than surrounding instantaneous frequency modulation (iFM) drive PersAF and determine whether rotational activity is specific for such regions.

Methods and Results:

First, novel single-signal algorithms based on instantaneous amplitude modulation (iAM) and iFM to detect rotational-footprints without panoramic multielectrode acquisition systems were tested in 125 optical movies from 5 ex vivo Langendorff-perfused PersAF sheep hearts (sensitivity/specificity, 92.6/97.5%; accuracy, 2.5-mm) and in computer simulations. Then, 16 pigs underwent high-rate atrial pacing to develop PersAF. After a median (interquartile range [IQR]) of 4.4 (IQR, 2.5–9.9) months of high-rate atrial pacing followed by 4.1 (IQR, 2.7–5.4) months of self-sustained PersAF, pigs underwent in vivo high-density electroanatomical atrial mapping (4920 [IQR, 4435–5855] 8-second unipolar signals per map). The first 4 out of 16 pigs were used to adapt ex vivo optical proccessing of iFM/iAM to in vivo electrical signals. In the remaining 12 out of 16 pigs, regions of higher than surrounding average iFM were considered leading-drivers. Two leading-driver + rotational-footprint maps were generated 2.6 (IQR, 2.4–2.9) hours apart to test leading-driver spatiotemporal stability and guide ablation. Leading-driver regions (2.5 [IQR, 2.0–4.0] regions/map) exactly colocalized (95.7%) in the 2 maps, and their ablation terminated PersAF in 92.3% of procedures (radiofrequency until termination, 16.9 [IQR, 9.2–35.8] minutes; until nonsustainability, 20.4 [IQR, 12.8–44.0] minutes). Rotational-footprints were found at every leading-driver region, albeit most (76.8% [IQR, 70.5%–83.6%]) were located outside. Finally, the translational ability of this approach was tested in 3 PersAF redo patients.

Conclusions:

Both rotational-footprints and spatiotemporally stable leading-driver regions can be located using iFM/iAM algorithms without panoramic multielectrode acquisition systems. In pigs, ablation of leading-driver regions usually terminates PersAF and prevents its sustainability. Rotational activations are sensitive but not specific to such regions. Single-signal iFM/iAM algorithms could be integrated into conventional electroanatomical mapping systems to improve driver detection accuracy and reduce the cost of patient-tailored/mechanistic approaches.
Measuring Interdisciplinary Research Categories and Knowledge Transfer: A Case Study of Connections between Cognitive Science and Education
Authors: Porter Alan L. , Carley Stephen F. , Cassidy Caitlin , Youtie Jan , Schoeneck David J. , Kwon Seokbeom , Solomon Gregg E. A.
Published: August 2019

This is a “bottom-up” paper in the sense that it draws lessons in defining disciplinary categories under study from a series of empirical studies of interdisciplinarity. In particular, we are in the process of studying the interchange of research-based knowledge between Cognitive Science and Educational Research. This has posed a set of design decisions that we believe warrant consideration as others study cross-disciplinary research processes.
Molecular phylogeny of Clibanarius Dana, 1852 from the Indo-West Pacific: evolution of pereopod colour pattern and habitat adaptation
Authors: Yoshikawa Akihiro , Ikeo Kazuho , Imoto Junichi , Jaingam Wachirah , Putri Lily Surayya Eka , Mardiansyah  , Kumar Appukuttannair Biju , Asakura Akira
Published: August 2019

Species of hermit crabs in the genus Clibanarius Dana, 1852 have adapted to various environments in the intertidal areas, including hard substrates and soft sediments. These species often bear a close morphological resemblance to each other, therefore, the colouration on the pereopods can be one of the reliable characteristics to distinguish the species. However, the evolutionary relationships among species with different colour patterns and relationships between colour patterns and habitat adaptation have not previously been investigated. Therefore, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among 19 species of Clibanarius based on mitochondrial [12S rRNA, 16S rRNA and cytochrome oxidase I] and nuclear [histone H3] DNA markers. The results suggest that the striped and solid colour elements have evolved multiple times independently, with the ancestral colour pattern potentially being scattered, bright colour spots with a bright colour band. Our findings also suggest that evolutionary adaptation from hard substrates to mudflats and soft sediments may have occurred at least twice.
Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa
Authors: Wilson John W. , Primack Richard B.
Published: August 2019

Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa comprehensively explores the challenges and potential solutions to key conservation issues in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Easy to read, this lucid and accessible textbook includes fifteen chapters that cover a full range of conservation topics, including threats to biodiversity, environmental laws, and protected areas management, as well as related topics such as sustainability, poverty, and human-wildlife conflict. This rich resource also includes a background discussion of what conservation biology is, a wide range of theoretical approaches to the subject, and concrete examples of conservation practice in specific African contexts. Strategies are outlined to protect biodiversity whilst promoting economic development in the region.

Boxes covering specific themes written by scientists who live and work throughout the region are included in each chapter, together with recommended readings and suggested discussion topics. Each chapter also includes an extensive bibliography.

Conservation Biology in Sub-Saharan Africa provides the most up-to-date study in the field. It is an essential resource, available on-line without charge, for undergraduate and graduate students, as well as a handy guide for professionals working to stop the rapid loss of biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and elsewhere.
Decisional capacity to consent to treatment and anaesthesia in patients over the age of 60 undergoing major orthopaedic surgery
Authors: Mandarelli Gabriele , Parmigiani Giovanna , Carabellese Felice , Codella Silvia , Roma Paolo , Brancadoro Domitilla , Ferretti Andrea , Alessandro Lucio , Pinto Giovanni , Ferracuti Stefano
Published: August 2019

Despite growing attention to the ability of patients to provide informed consent to treatment in different medical settings, few studies have dealt with the issue of informed consent to major orthopaedic surgery in those over the age of 60. This population is at risk of impaired decision-making capacity (DMC) because older age is often associated with a decline in cognitive function, and they often present with anxiety and depressive symptoms, which could also affect their capacity to consent to treatment. Consent to major orthopaedic surgery requires the patient to understand, retain and reason about complex procedures. This study was undertaken to extend the literature on decisional capacity to consent to surgery and anaesthesia of patients over the age of 60 undergoing major orthopaedic surgery. Recruited patients ( N=83) were evaluated using the Aid to Capacity Evaluation, the Beck Depression Inventory, the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory Y, the Mini-Mental State Examination and a visual analogue scale for measuring pain symptomatology. Impairment of medical DMC was common in the overall sample, with about 50% of the recruited patients showing a doubtful ability, or overt inability, to provide informed consent. Poor cognitive functioning was associated with reduced medical DMC, although no association was found between decisional capacity and depressive, anxiety and pain symptoms. These findings underline the need of an in-depth assessment of capacity in older patients undergoing major orthopaedic surgery.
Chronic kidney disease in the pathogenesis of acute ischemic stroke
Authors: Chelluboina Bharath , Vemuganti Raghu
Published: August 2019

Chronic kidney disease has a graded and independent inverse impact on cerebrovascular health. Both thrombotic and hemorrhagic complications are highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease patients. Growing evidence suggests that in chronic kidney disease patients, ischemic strokes are more common than hemorrhagic strokes. Chronic kidney disease is asymptomatic until an advanced stage, but mild to moderate chronic kidney disease incites various pathogenic mechanisms such as inflammation, oxidative stress, neurohormonal imbalance, formation of uremic toxins and vascular calcification which damage the endothelium and blood vessels. Cognitive dysfunction, dementia, transient infarcts, and white matter lesions are widespread in mild to moderate chronic kidney disease patients. Uremic toxins produced after chronic kidney disease can pass through the blood–brain barrier and mediate cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Furthermore, chronic kidney disease precipitates vascular risk factors that can lead to atherosclerosis, hypertension, atrial fibrillation, and diabetes. Chronic kidney disease also exacerbates stroke pathogenesis, worsens recovery outcomes, and limits the eligibility of stroke patients to receive available stroke therapeutics. This review highlights the mechanisms involved in the advancement of chronic kidney disease and its possible association with stroke.
Epigenetics, ethics, law and society: A multidisciplinary review of descriptive, instrumental, dialectical and reflexive analyses
Authors: Dupras Charles , Saulnier Katie Michelle , Joly Yann
Published: August 2019

Epigenetics, defined as ‘the study of mitotically and/or meiotically heritable changes in gene function that cannot be explained by changes in DNA sequence’, has emerged as a promissory yet controversial field of scientific inquiry over the past decade. Scholars from many disciplines have formulated both optimistic and cautionary claims regarding its potential normative implications. This article provides a comprehensive review of the nascent literature at the crossroads of epigenetics, ethics, law and society. It describes nine emerging areas of discussion, relating to (1) the impact of epigenetics on the nature versus nurture dualism, (2) the potential resulting biologization of the social, (3) the meaning of epigenetics for public health, its potential influence on (4) reproduction and parenting, (5) political theory and (6) legal proceedings, and concerns regarding (7) stigmatization and discrimination, (8) privacy protection and (9) knowledge translation. While there is some degree of similarity between the nature and content of these areas and the abundant literature on ethical, legal and social issues in genetics, the potential implications of epigenetics ought not be conflated with the latter. Critical studies on epigenetics are emerging within a separate space of bioethical and biopolitical investigations and claims, with scholars from various epistemological standpoints utilizing distinct yet complementary analytical approaches.
Effect of assisted reproductive technology on multiple sclerosis relapses: Case series and meta-analysis
Authors: Bove Riley , Rankin Kelsey , Lin Chris , Zhao Chao , Correale Jorge , Hellwig Kerstin , Michel Laure , Laplaud David A , Chitnis Tanuja
Published: August 2019

Background:

Five case series reported increased relapse risk after assisted reproductive technologies (ART) in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), but small numbers and heterogeneous study design limit broader conclusions.

Objective:

To evaluate the risk of relapses after ART in an independent case series and in aggregated analyses of existing studies.

Methods:

We compared annualized relapse rate (ARR) in the 3 months after, and 12 months before, ART in (1) an unpublished cohort (Boston: prospectively collected relapses; 22 ART cycles), (2i) data pooled from Boston and five published studies (164 cycles), and (2ii) a meta-analysis of all case series published by 2017 (220 cycles; PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines).

Results:

In the Boston cohort, mean ARR was not higher after ART than before (mean: 0.18 ± 0.85 vs 0.27 ± 0.55, p = 0.58). In the pooled analyses, ARR was significantly higher after ART for all clinical scenarios, including varying ART protocols ( p ⩽ 0.01 for each). The meta-analysis confirmed an increased ARR after ART (mean difference (MD) = 0.92, 95% confidence interval (CI) = [0.33, 1.51], p = 0.01).

Conclusion:

These pooled data support an increase in ARR following ART. Reasons for local variation in ARR after ART, and consideration of MS treatments during conception attempts, will be pursued.
Profiles of cortical inflammation in multiple sclerosis by 11C-PBR28 MR-PET and 7 Tesla imaging
Authors: Herranz Elena , Louapre Céline , Treaba Constantina Andrada , Govindarajan Sindhuja T , Ouellette Russell , Mangeat Gabriel , Loggia Marco L , Cohen-Adad Julien , Klawiter Eric C , Sloane Jacob A , Mainero Caterina
Published: August 2019

Background:

Neuroinflammation with microglia activation is thought to be closely related to cortical multiple sclerosis (MS) lesion pathogenesis.

Objective:

Using 11C-PBR28 and 7 Tesla (7T) imaging, we assessed in 9 relapsing–remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and 10 secondary progressive multiple sclerosis (SPMS) patients the following: (1) microglia activation in lesioned and normal-appearing cortex, (2) cortical lesion inflammatory profiles, and (3) the relationship between neuroinflammation and cortical integrity.

Methods:

Mean 11C-PBR28 uptake was measured in focal cortical lesions, cortical areas with 7T quantitative T2* (q-T2*) abnormalities, and normal-appearing cortex. The relative difference in cortical 11C-PBR28 uptake between patients and 14 controls was used to classify cortical lesions as either active or inactive. Disease burden was investigated according to cortical lesion inflammatory profiles. The relation between q-T2* and 11C-PBR28 uptake along the cortex was assessed.

Results:

11C-PBR28 uptake was abnormally high in cortical lesions in RRMS and SPMS; in SPMS, tracer uptake was significantly increased also in normal-appearing cortex. 11C-PBR28 uptake and q-T2* correlated positively in many cortical areas, negatively in some regions. Patients with high cortical lesion inflammation had worse clinical outcome and higher intracortical lesion burden than patients with low inflammation.

Conclusion:

11C-PBR28 and 7T imaging reveal distinct profiles of cortical inflammation in MS, which are related to disease burden.
‘You feel dirty a lot of the time’: Policing ‘dirty work’, contamination and purification rituals
Authors: De Camargo Camilla R.
Published: August 2019

Following the controversial adoption of spit-hoods by some UK police forces, most recently by the London Metropolitan Police in February 2019, this article contributes to and extends debates on physical and symbolic contamination by drawing on established considerations of ‘dirty work’. The article argues that, for police officers, cleansing rituals are personal and subjective. As a relatively high-prestige occupation, police officers occupy a unique position in that they are protected by a status shield. Reflections from this ethnographic study suggest that the police uniform can be used as a vehicle for contamination and staff employ purification rituals and methods of taint management.
Objective monitoring of mosquito bednet usage and the ethical challenge of privacy revelations about study bystanders: Ethical analysis
Authors: Fairchild Amy L
Published: August 2019

Clinical trials and public health surveillance of bednet use for malaria prevention involve the ongoing collection of sensitive data from private settings. This article discusses risks to bystanders, who have not consented to participating in surveillance or research, but whose behavior may nevertheless be recorded. In the case of clinical trials, community consultation and consent processes are one well-accepted way to address potential risk to bystanders. I argue that the intrusive monitoring required by some bednet trials may render this type of consent insufficient. In these cases, either bystanders should be enrolled as participants and give consent or less intrusive monitoring methods should be used. Validated monitoring methods should also have relevance for practice beyond use in a clinical trial. Considering the global impact of malaria, applying these methods to public health surveillance would be a practical use. Existing justifications for surveillance without consent, which sometimes result in coercive public health measures, could apply to the case of bednets. Particularly in cases where there is the potential for harm to others, individuals who were not the original subjects of disease reporting are often caught in the surveillance net. Although an argument can be made that malaria meets this bar, considerations of feasibility, sustainability, and trust make intrusive surveillance unsustainable in the case of a daily, lifelong behavior such as bednet use.
Guideline proposal for the conservative management of a ruptured neobladder
Authors: Nesbitt Alexander L , Yuhico Manuel P , Khan Munad , Pridgeon Simon W
Published: August 2019

Level of evidence: 4
Smoking-related symptomatology in pregnant smokers during ad libitum smoking and following overnight smoking abstinence
Authors: Allen Sharon , Harrison Katherine , Petersen Ashley , Goodson Jane
Published: August 2019

Objective

Current literature suggests there may be a relationship between sex hormones, which dramatically increase during pregnancy, and nicotine use behaviors. We hypothesized that higher progesterone and progesterone:estradiol ratio (P/E2) would be associated with less smoking-related symptomatology (SRS), better mood and fewer cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) during ad libitum smoking and following overnight abstinence in pregnant women. Associations between SRS, mood, smoking behavior and sex hormones were estimated using multiple linear regression with adjustment for CPD and pregnancy trimester.

Results

There were 35 second trimester and 42 third trimester participants. Participants mean age was 26.2 (SD: 4.1), they smoked 11.3 CPD (SD: 4.4) and the mean nicotine dependence score was 4.94 (SD: 1.98). There were no statistically significant associations between progesterone levels, estradiol levels, or the P/E2 ratio and SRS or mood measures during ad libitum smoking or following overnight abstinence in this sample of pregnant women. Similarly, there were no associations between sex hormone levels and number of CPD smoked during the ad libitum period. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no significant associations between sex hormones and SRS, mood or smoking behavior in this sample of pregnant women.

Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT01811225), December 6, 2012
Trajectory of blood pressure, body mass index, cholesterol and incident dementia: systematic review
Authors: Peters Ruth , Peters Jean , Booth Andrew , Anstey Kaarin J.
Published: August 2019

Background

The global ageing population and the long prodromal period for the development of cognitive decline and dementia brings a need to understand the antecedents of both successful and impaired cognitive ageing. It is increasingly apparent that the trajectory of risk-factor change, as well as the level of the risk factor, may be associated with an increased or decreased risk of cognitive decline or dementia.

Aims

Our aim was to summarise the published evidence and to generate hypotheses related to risk-factor trajectories and risk of incident cognitive decline or dementia.

Method

We collated data from longitudinal observational studies relating to trajectory of blood pressure, obesity and cholesterol and later cognitive decline or dementia using standard systematic review methodology. The databases MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO were searched from inception to 26 April 2018.

Results

Thirteen articles were retained for inclusion. Analytical methods varied. Our summary of the current evidence base suggests that first body mass index and then blood pressure rises and then falls more steeply in those who go on to develop dementia. The evidence for cholesterol was less consistent.

Conclusion

Based on our review we present the hypothesis that weight falls around 10 years and blood pressure around 5 years before diagnosis. Confirmatory work is required. However, characterisation of risk according to combinations and patterns of risk factors may ultimately be integrated into the assessments used to identify those at risk of receiving a diagnosis of cognitive decline or dementia in late life.
A Bridge from Monty Hall to the Hot Hand: The Principle of Restricted Choice
Authors: Miller Joshua B. , Sanjurjo Adam
Published: August 2019

We show how classic conditional probability puzzles, such as the Monty Hall problem, are intimately related to the recently discovered hot hand selection bias. We explain the connection by way of the principle of restricted choice, an intuitive inferential rule from the card game bridge, which we show is naturally quantified as the updating factor in the odds form of Bayes’s rule. We illustrate how, just as the experimental subject fails to use available information to update correctly when choosing a door in the Monty Hall problem, researchers may neglect analogous information when designing experiments, analyzing data, and interpreting results.
The Ministry of Health and Sanitation – Public Health England (MOHS-PHE) Ebola Biobank
Authors: Hannigan Bernie , Whitworth Jimmy , Carroll Miles , Roberts Allen , Bruce Christine , Samba Thomas , Sahr Foday , Coates Elizabeth
Published: August 2019

During the Ebola outbreak in 2014-2015 in Sierra Leone, residual clinical specimens and accompanying data were collected from routine diagnostic testing in Public Health England (PHE) led laboratories. Most of the samples with all the accompanying data were transferred to PHE laboratories in the UK for curation by PHE.  The remainder have been kept securely in Sierra Leone. The biobank holds approximately 9955 samples of which 1108 tested positive for Ebola virus. Researchers from the UK and overseas, from academia, government other research organisations and commercial companies can submit proposals to the biobank to access and use the samples.

The Ministry of Health and Sanitation in Sierra Leone (MOHS) retains ownership of the data and materials and is working with PHE and other researchers to develop and conduct a series of research projects that will inform future healthcare and public health strategies relating to Ebola.  The Ebola Biobank Governance Group (EBGG) was established to guarantee equality of access to the biobank for the most scientifically valuable research including by researchers from low and middle-income countries. Ensuring benefit to the people of Sierra Leone is an over-arching principle for decisions of the EBGG.  Four ongoing research collaborations are based on the first wave of biobank proposals approved by EBGG.  Whilst the biobank is a valuable resource its completeness and sample quality are consistent with the outbreak conditions under which they were collected.
GeneDB and Wikidata
Authors: Manske Magnus , Böhme Ulrike , Püthe Christoph , Berriman Matt
Published: August 2019

Publishing authoritative genomic annotation data, keeping it up to date, linking it to related information, and allowing community annotation is difficult and hard to support with limited resources.

Here, we show how importing GeneDB annotation data into Wikidata allows for leveraging existing resources, integrating volunteer and scientific communities, and enriching the original information.
Using Industry 4.0 Concept – Digital Twin – to Improve the Efficiency of Leather Cutting in Automotive Industry
Authors: Horváthová Miroslava , Lacko Roman , Hajduová Zuzana
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The aim of this study is to propose alternatives of increasing the efficiency of material selection and processing in the selected company and reduce costs and leather sustainability as a result.Methodology/Approach: In this case study, an automotive company processing a natural leather material that enters the process of a large-scale production was explored. For this purpose, the internal documents of the firm selected including its internal database and know-how of its employees were used. The ways of improving the efficiency of the material processing were proposed and tested in a digital environment. In the proposed solutions, Industry 4.0 principles were implemented.Findings: By the use of Digital twin and other Industry 4.0 principles and solutions in the process of material selection and processing in the company selected, the increased efficiency and cost savings were achieved.Research Limitation/implication: The solutions proposed in this paper were based on exploration of the chosen data set of the selected company. For the future research, testing of the given proposals in other companies should be conducted.Originality/Value of paper: Although there is an increasing number of publications describing the concept Industry 4.0, the research providing evidence of its benefits for business entities is still scarce. This paper offers such a research in the enterprise selected.
Possibilities of Using Graphical and Numerical Tools in the Exposition of Process Capability Assessment Techniques
Authors: Tošenovský Josef , Tošenovský Filip
Published: August 2019

Purpose: The paper focuses on how the problem of process capability assessment can be handled when taught, using convenient numerical and graphical means. The contents of the paper results from the authors’ own academic and practical experience, which suggested that many important steps are overlooked in the process of selecting and using capability indices.Methodology/Approach: Selected problems in capability assessment are illustrated with suitable examples and graphs.Findings: The authors’ experience is reflected in the paper, aiming to emphasize what matters and how, and what does not. Also, a new capability index is introduced.Research Limitation/implication: The style in which the problems are analysed may serve as a guide for further studies in the field and capability index applications.Originality/Value of paper: The paper also contains, aside from specific examples, some more advanced techniques, and is therefore accompanied by software readouts, since computer support is required in such cases.
Product-Mix Auctions and Tropical Geometry
Authors: Tran Ngoc Mai , Yu Josephine
Published: August 2019

In a recent and ongoing work, Baldwin and Klemperer explore a connection between tropical geometry and economics. They give a sufficient condition for the existence of competitive equilibrium in product-mix auctions of indivisible goods. This result, which we call the unimodularity theorem, can also be traced back to the work of Danilov, Koshevoy, and Murota in discrete convex analysis. We give a new proof of the unimodularity theorem via the classical unimodularity theorem in integer programming. We give a unified treatment of these results via tropical geometry and formulate a new sufficient condition for competitive equilibrium when there are only two types of products. Generalizations of our theorem in higher dimensions are equivalent to various forms of the Oda conjecture in algebraic geometry.
Men and mental ill health
Authors: Barber Christopher
Published: August 2019

Although mental ill health is ‘gender blind’ in that it affects people of all genders, some forms of mental ill health appear to affect men and women in differing numbers and percentages, and sometimes with differing responses and outcomes. This article explores the statistics around men and mental ill health, how men respond to mental ill health and the roles of the nurse in supporting men who experience mental ill health.
Diabetes, pregnancy and mental health: a tricky triad
Authors: Mills Lesley S
Published: August 2019

Pregnancy can be a difficult for any woman, but adding diabetes into the equation may increase stress. Women who develop mental health issues either before or during pregnancy can have an even more difficult time and health professionals need to be able to support and manage these issues in order to guide these women safely through their pregnancy and beyond.
Six months qualified
Authors: Axcell Claire
Published: August 2019

Student midwives need not fear life as a qualified midwife. Claire Axcell talks about becoming more independent, building your confidence, and finding your ‘midwifery crush’
Compensation for errors in determining the angle in the flight-navigation complex of the aircraft in case of failure of the satellite navigation system
Authors: AKIMOV Eugeni V. , KRUZHKOV Dmitriy M. , YAKIMENKO Vyacheslav A.
Published: August 2019

Currently, navigation equipment for long-range aircraft, where the flight is characterized by a long duration and the absence of frequent and abrupt maneuvers, continues to be actively improved. Therefore, the main purpose of the work is to analyze the compensation of the error in determining the angle in the flight-navigation complex of the aircraft in case of failure of the satellite navigation system. In order to achieve the goal, inertial navigation methods using an attitude and heading reference system were used. It was determined that when comparing the evolution graphs of the heading and errors in determining the eastern component of the ground speed, it is possible to establish the dependence that at the moments of maneuvers associated with a significant change in the direction of this speed, the phase and amplitude of the error fluctuations are also changed. It was established that today the operational technology is equipped with blocks of an inertial navigation system. It helps to improve the accuracy of the definition of navigation information.
The dependence of the appearance of the aircraft on the conditions of the Arctic basing
Authors: KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , KUPRIKOV Nikita M. , RABINSKIY Lev N.
Published: August 2019

Positioning on the global political arena of the Arctic Territory as the exclusive economic zone of the Russian Federation requires, first of all, the development of a regional transport network, including cargo and passenger traffic for the sustainable development of the region. The solution of such a transportation problem is a compromise of the aircraft performance. The purpose of the article is to analyze and find out how dependent is the appearance of the aircraft on the conditions of stationing in the Arctic. An analysis of the scientific and methodological support and well-known design solutions was carried out, which showed that to create a successful sample of the automatic part of the safety system, it is necessary to solve the FOS problem based on the solution of the inverse design problem from the inner layout of the aircraft .Mathematical dependences of the landing mass on the ice thickness were identified. The main stages of the transport operation in the Arctic were pointed. On the basis of the developed formal heuristic models, a subsystem of moment-inertial analysis has been created. The analysis of the research results showed that by 2050 the flight range will increase with a decrease in the landing mass.
Moment-inertial representation of the Square-cube law in aircraft industry
Authors: KUPRIKOV Mikhail Yu. , RABINSKIY Lev N. , KUPRIKOV Nikita M.
Published: August 2019

Flight distance depends on the dimension of the aircraft, but the designers stand against an insurmountable barrier caused by the dimension of the aircraft. In the process of analysis, alternative variants of the moment-inertial layout of fuel, engines, and commercial loads and their influence on the aircraft mass change are considered. A comparative analysis of the characteristics of the moment-inertial layouts of the main aircraft of the normal aerodynamic configuration and the aircraft made according to the flying wing scheme obtained as a result of a numerical experiment showed a clear advantage in the moment-inertia characteristics of the aircraft made according to the “Flying Wing” scheme. A number of unconditional advantages in the moment-inertial shape were revealed, such as more rational placement of the target load, fuel tanks and engines, which ensured a gain in aircraft mass up to 7-8%, only due to the rational moment-inertial layout. The moment of inertia of the aircraft depends to a fifth degree on the change in the linear type size of the aircraft.
Cybernetic systems of music creation
Authors: Strange Simon
Published: August 2019

Simplicity of thought and operation can help to define complex end results, with cybernetic systems being a useful means of defining this within songwriting practices. This study outlines utilization of cybernetic practices by key popular music composers, including David Byrne and Brian Eno, who benefited from an art school education which supported these practices. As postmodern creation became more evident within art colleges, systemized processes of creation, where hierarchies were delineated, supported freedom and experimentation within the creative process. The non-musician was able to express their musical creativity due to the rise of new technologies and the reduction of hierarchies, as exposed from interviews with Eno, his art school tutor Roy Ascott, and experimental composer Gavin Bryars. These elements of art school education that they discussed, helped a new generation of musicians to develop original and dynamic work in the 1970s; the results of this research suggest that these are practices that should be introduced and acknowledged within HPME.
Hip hop education = informed artist citizens
Authors: Cooper Patrick K.
Published: August 2019

What follows is a spoken word piece delivered at the Suncoast Music Education Research Symposium in February of 2019 to a group of higher education faculty and doctoral students. It is the intersection of hip hop lyrics and my white privilege, effectively composed as an artistic response to demonstrate the deep knowledge contained within hip hop lyrics and the value gleaned from their critical analyses. The impetus for this piece was my desire to show the conference attendees an alternative to perpetuated and damaging stereotypes about hip hop, a problem which I perceive as the prevalent understanding of hip hop culture and the dominant critique used to oppress this beautiful art form in educational spaces. A caveat about how I chose to sample some of the lyrics is worth mentioning. In some cases, the first-person perspective of the artists, embodied by their use of ‘I’ or ‘we’ in a song, was not appropriate and lyrics were altered to ‘they’ or ‘them’. This choice was to show internal reflection rather than to imply a lived or even co-opted experience by the author. It is important to stress ‘they’ have informed ‘me’. Jvaust as listening to a piece of music would likely be more powerful than studying the score, this piece may best be received by watching the performance.
PROGRAMA DE EDUCAÇÃO AMBIENTAL: O EMPREGO DE INDICADORES DE SUSTENTABILIDADE
Authors: Mussi Fabricio Baron , Schwarzbach Loise Cristina , Dudeque Pianovski Vieira Alboni Marisa
Published: August 2019

A presente pesquisa tem como objetivo analisar um projeto desenvolvido pela Usina Hidrelétrica de Itaipu para promoção de encontros/oficinas de educação ambiental com os pescadores profissionais que atuam ao longo do reservatório, a partir de uma perspectiva de análise que concilie indicadores de resultado de natureza quantitativa e qualitativa. A análise teve como apoio teórico os estudos de Mikhailova (2004), Elkington (2001), Bohringer; Jochem (2007), Boulanger (2008), Bell e Morse (2011), entre outros. Foi empregado o método de estudo de caso. A triangulação de entrevistas, documentos internos e a observação das oficinas de educação ambiental indicaram que os resultados mais relevantes do programa são de natureza qualitativa. Sugere-se, por fim, a avaliação longitudinal do programa, a fim de acompanhar a evolução dos indicadores identificados.
O consumo e o consumismo na sociedade contemporânea: diálogos para se pensar a formação de professores
Authors: Costa Lorenna Silva Oliveira , Echeverría Agustina Rosa
Published: August 2019

O presente artigo possui dois objetivos centrais: promover, a partir de estudos da teoria de Pierre Bourdieu e das categorias de Fátima Portilho, uma reflexão teórica sobre as relações de dominação e reprodução na sociedade considerando o consumo, o consumismo e a problemática ambiental; e apresentar uma análise da emergência de significados de conceitos ambientais e a visão de futuros professores de ciências sobre a temática do consumismo e assim contribuir com a discussão curricular nesses cursos. Foram aplicados questionários e realizou-se um grupo de discussão. Observou-se violência simbólica no processo de socialização dos estudantes, pois se sentem excluídos quando não seguem os padrões do discurso dominante. Essa pesquisa possibilitou reflexões importantes sobre o consumo numa perspectiva crítica e implicações curriculares para os cursos de formação de professores.
Hermenêutica Filosófica: a linguagem como fundamentação da ontologia ambiental
Authors: Zambam Rodrigo Eder , Calloni Humberto Humberto , Calloni Humberto Humberto
Published: August 2019

O objetivo do artigo aqui apresentado é resgatar o conceito de linguagem presente na hermenêutica filosófica, como possibilidade de fundamentação da ontologia ambiental. O filósofo alemão Hans-Georg Gadamer retoma o conceito de logos da filosofia grega para compreendermos que linguagem não se reduz à dimensão apofântica, mas apresenta-se como o rastro da finitude humana, nela o mundo se revela. Num primeiro momento retomaremos a discussão feita acerca da relação entre linguagem e mundo e as contribuições para pensarmos uma ontologia ambiental. Num segundo momento discutiremos a concepção de diálogo vivo presente na hermenêutica filosófica e da necessidade de escutarmos o outro como contribuição para os fundamentos da Educação Ambiental.
Sistemas de numeração á luz de uma abordagem histórico-epistemológica
Authors: Marques Pinheiro Rafael , Luccas Simone , Bueno Lucas Lucken
Published: August 2019

A inclusão da abordagem histórica no ensino de conteúdos escolares vem sendo defendida nas últimas décadas por pesquisadores de diversas áreas, pois permite aos envolvidos nos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, uma visão crítica e reflexiva acerca dos assuntos estudados, dando mais sentido ao conhecimento sistematizado e compartilhado com as novas gerações. Desse modo, o presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar o papel da abordagem histórico-epistemológica como fundamentação metodológica para a elaboração de uma síntese acerca do desenvolvimento dos sistemas de numeração. Para tanto, foi realizada uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa, mediante revisões em livros, teses, dissertações e artigos científicos que tratam do tema. Foi possível evidenciar os encaminhamentos dados por diversas civilizações frente à necessidade de empreender quantificações, até a estabilização de um sistema eficiente de numeração que superou os limites dos sistemas predecessores. A abordagem histórico-epistemológica ofereceu condições metodológicas para uma ampliação de conhecimentos relativos ao objeto de estudo, favorecendo um aprofundamento da pesquisa realizada.
Luz e cotidiano: ideias prévias de alunos do ensino fundamental sob a perspectiva da alfabetização científica
Authors: Carvalho Oliveira Marques Clara Virgínia Vieira , Cardoso Fernandes Deusalice
Published: August 2019

O presente estudo teve como objetivo verificar a presença de indicadores de alfabetização científica nos discursos escritos e gráficos de uma amostragem de alunos do Ensino Fundamental, pela implementação de uma sequência didática na disciplina de ciências naturais, empregando como tema gerador de discussão a utilização da luz no cotidiano das pessoas. A metodologia aplicada direcionou-se para abordagem de pesquisa qualitativa tendo como dados as respostas obtidas por dezessete alunos. A sequência didática implementada foi composta por etapas divididas em: (i) verificação de ideias prévias dos alunos por meio da aplicação de questionários investigativos; (ii) implementação de uma sequência didática sobre a temática em questão; (iii) acompanhamento da aprendizagem dos alunos pelos registros escritos e gráficos. A pesquisa foi realizada na rede de ensino regular da cidade Codó – Maranhão - Brasil, com alunos de faixa de idade entre dez e onze anos. O tratamneto dos dados direcionou-se para análise de conteúdo dos registros escritos e dos desenhos feitos pelos alunos sujeitos dessa pesquisa. No tocante a análise de conteúdo dos registros escritos, se configurou a partir de um esquema com blocos analíticos que possibilitaram a identificação de quatro indicadores da alfabetização científica. Já para os registros gráficos (desenhos) foram adotados os modos semióticos de discursos sobre a cooperação e a especialização Os resultados revelaram que os alunos constroem as suas redes de significados a partir de informações simplistas das ciências pautadas principalmente por meio de associação de conceitos inerentes às suas vivências no cotidiano (senso comum). Porém, se destaca a importância da valorização das ideias prévias dos alunos no processo de ensino aprendizagem a serem utilizadas nas aulas de ciências e para o desenvolvimento e de apropriação de argumentação científica.
Providing Personal Care to Patients: the Role of Nursing Students’ Emotional Labor
Authors: Santo Letizia Dal , Marognoli Oliva , Previati Vanessa , Gonzalez Cesar Ivan Aviles , Melis Paola , Galletta Maura
Published: August 2019

Background

Providing personal care may be a source of emotional difficulties and negative feelings for students interacting with patients during their first clinical placement. This study was done to describe the role of emotional strategies for first year nursing students providing personal care to patients and the relationship of these strategies to students’ emotional exhaustion, self-efficacy, and turnover intention.

Method

A self-reported questionnaire was administrated to a convenience sample of 226 first-year undergraduate nursing students attending their first clinical placement in one Italian University hospital.

Results

Results suggested a positive link between students’ cognitive re-evaluation of their experiences and their self-perceived self-efficacy. Attentional deployment was the strongest antecedent of emotional exhaustion. Emotional dissonance was the primary contributor to students’ turnover intention. Emotional exhaustion mediated the relationship between emotional dissonance and turnover intention.

Conclusion

This research suggested that there are emotional coping strategies useful for protecting student nurses from emotional exhaustion and turnover intention and that these strategies are positively related to students’ self-perceived self-efficacy in providing personal care.
Crosstalk Limitations due to Intercore Coupling on the BER Performance of an Optical Communication System with Homogeneous Multi-core Fiber
Authors: Hossain Afzal Hossain
Published: August 2019

The effect of crosstalk due to inter-core coupling on the bit error rate (BER) performance of a fiber optic communication link with a homogeneous multi-core optical fiber (MCF) and a direct detection receiver with optical preamplifier is analytically evaluated and presented in this paper. Coupling coefficients due to inter-core coupling in a 7-core MCF is evaluated numerically with as a function of core-to-core distance (pitch) and relative refractive index contrast. Coupling length is determined against various index contrasts and at different core pitches. Crosstalk power, Signal to Crosstalk plus Noise Ratio (SCNR), BER and power penalty at any output core with light launched into other core of a 7-core MCF are determined analytically. The results show that there is mentionable deterioration in BER performance due to coupling induced crosstalk, and system suffers distinct power penalty at a given BER. For example, power penalty at BER of 10e-9 is found to be 4.0 dB and 4.3 dB for a MCF link of 10 km corresponding to relative refractive index difference of 0.0036 and 0.0030, respectively, for a pitch value of 30 µm and core radius of 4.5 µm.