bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Enjeux psychiques dans la chirurgie de l’obésité : destins de la destructivité
Authors: Herlant-Hémar Kristina , Luizet Émilie
Published: June 2015

Face à la banalisation de la réponse chirurgicale dans le soin de l’obésité, les auteurs interrogent ce qui relie le geste de mutilation à l’intérieur du corps et la dimension subjective du patient. À partir d’éléments de suivis psychothérapeutiques avec deux patientes obèses, engagées par ailleurs dans un protocole en vue d’une opération de l’estomac, l’hypothèse est soutenue que l’accueil fait à cette demande d’opération peut conditionner l’amorce d’une réintrication psyché/soma. Ils engagent la réflexion sur la manière dont cette rencontre première du côté du soin somatique va permettre ou non d’aménager enfin un territoire psychique à la destructivité, déployé et soutenu dans l’espace de la psychothérapie.
Évolution des registres de l’action, de la ruse à la mobilisation de la notion « droit » par les habitants des bidonvilles au Maroc
Authors: Essahel Habiba
Published: June 2015

À partir d’un travail empirique, l’article propose d’identifier les modes de contestation et les répertoires d’action mobilisés par les habitants des bidonvilles pour intégrer leur quartier à la ville ou contester une transformation urbaine. Deux bidonvilles de Rabat serviront de support à notre démonstration : les douars El Kora et Dlim à Rabat (Maroc) concernés par une opération de relogement. Le premier ne subit qu’un léger déplacement d’une partie de ses habitants, par une opération de relogement in-situ alors que le second voit sa population relogée en lointaine périphérie de la ville. Contrairement à la passivité qui leur a été longtemps attribuée, les bidonvillois démontrent une capacité d’organisation et une capacité à se mettre en scène à des temporalités bien précises pour engager des mobilisations. Ainsi, leurs répertoires d’action se sont diversifiés et intensifiés. En effet, les émeutes urbaines qui qualifiaient les années 1980 puis 1990, comme moment de contestation sociales et moment de déclenchement de nouveaux postulats dans les politiques urbaines laissent place à des revendications vers le registre du droit ; le droit qui « émerge » comme répertoire majeur depuis la fin des années 1990 jusqu’à nos jours dans un contexte particulier, celui des Printemps arabes. Cet angle d’approche représente une manière innovante d’aborder le terrain des bidonvilles marocains, au demeurant largement documenté par les sciences sociales et la recherche urbaine.
Les mobilisations sociales dans les territoires périphériques de Casablanca pendant les années 1990
Authors: Belarbi Wafae
Published: June 2015

Cette contribution s’interroge sur les formes, les visées et les modes organisationnels des mobilisations des habitants dans la périphérie sud de Casablanca pendant les années 1990. Ensemble de territoires d’habitat non réglementaire fragmentés, de formation urbaine récente, cette périphérie sud concentre une population reléguée socialement, privée d’influence et de relais avec les centres de pouvoirs métropolitains, qui a développé ses propres compétences d’intégration urbaine. Les mobilisations sociales se décomposent en deux catégories évolutives, qui s’intègrent dans le même registre conflictuel, et qui s’adaptent en fonction du degré d’ouverture et de fermeture du système politique local et central, mais aussi en fonction des enjeux mobilisateurs. Ce cas de figure démontre que les espaces sociaux qui relèvent de dérégulation et de violence, souvent considérés comme des microcosmes impuissants pour faire ressurgir de nouveaux ordres socio-politiques, rodent des stratégies d’intégration urbaine et se dotent de pouvoirs de changement et donc de reconfiguration de la ville métropole.
L’espace urbain algérois à l’épreuve de ses graffiti
Authors: Ouaras Karim
Published: June 2015

La pratique du graffiti à Alger renseigne sur les dynamiques de la ville vécue, elle met en mots et en signes les modes d’appropriation de l’espace urbain et les processus d’identification et de nomination dans Alger. Les graffiti algérois traduisent l’existence de discours porteurs de sens pour la ville d’Alger, ses espaces et sa composante humaine. Cette pratique langagière, qui s’impose comme une inscription ethno-sociolinguistique, sémiologique et artistique dans l’espace urbain algérois, représente l’une des manifestations du désir de dire, de braver l’interdit et de signifier sa présence dans la ville en tant qu’acteur social. Ce texte se propose d’abord d’examiner et d’analyser le processus d’énonciation et de communication mis en place dans Alger à travers cette pratique langagière effective et de comprendre ensuite les rapports complexes qu’entretiennent les auteurs des graffiti aux normes politiques, socio-spatiales et socioculturelles. Il se propose enfin d’interroger les discours et les représentations que la pratique du graffiti mobilise dans l’espace urbain algérois.
Les territoires de l’alcool à Tunis et à Casablanca sous la période des Protectorats (1912-1956) : Des destins parallèles ?
Authors: Znaien Nessim
Published: June 2015

Par le biais de sources administratives, judiciaires, policières, nous cherchons à étudier les territoires de la commercialisation et de la consommation d’alcool à Tunis et à Casablanca sous la période du Protectorat français en Tunisie (1881-1956) et au Maroc (1912-1956). L’objet de notre propos est de montrer que les deux villes connaissent sous le Protectorat une mutation des pratiques de consommation d’alcool, qui se traduit par une plus forte augmentation de la consommation d’alcool et l’apparition d’un nouveau débat public, illustré notamment par des lois prohibitionnistes. Tunis et Casablanca concentrent dans leurs pays respectifs le plus grand nombre de débits de boisson, avec une spectaculaire augmentation de l’offre en alcool dans l’entre-deux-guerres. Les codes sociaux qui entourent la boisson (le lieu, le moment et la sociabilité de la consommation) gardent des logiques propres par rapport à la métropole, sans doute en partie dû au facteur religieux. A une échelle plus locale, les sources administratives permettent d’indiquer que les réseaux de ventes d’alcool (cafés, bars, caves viticoles) semblent obéir dans les deux villes à une stricte discontinuité théorique entre ville coloniale et médina, à largement nuancer dans la pratique. Enfin, le rythme des mesures concernant la réglementation de l’alcool est sensiblement le même entre la Tunisie et le Maroc. Les années 1913-1914 et les années 1936-1937 semblent être ici des moments clés. Cette chronologie, propre aux colonies d’Afrique du Nord, reflète ici des politiques plus globales en matière de gestion de l’Empire, mises en place par les Français à ces moments-là.
Stratification, luttes sociales et démocratie chez Charles Wright Mills
Authors: Le Goff Alice
Published: June 2015

Dans cet article, nous développons une réflexion sur le conflit en démocratie en nous appuyant sur une étude du parcours et des travaux de Charles Wright Mills. Comme celle de Pierre Bourdieu qui lui fait écho sur de nombreux points et avec laquelle nous l’entrecroisons, la démarche de Mills fournit les bases d’une réflexion sur les conditions sociales d’une authentique conflictualité démocratique, orientée vers une déconstruction de certaines formes de domination. Tout d’abord, le travail de Mills intègre un questionnement sur l’impact des formes de stratification sociale sur le développement des luttes sociales. Mills contribue ainsi à mettre en relief, dans le contexte américain, une interaction permanente des luttes de classe et des luttes statutaires et une certaine neutralisation des premières par les secondes. La mise en relief par Bourdieu de la prégnance, au sein des divers champs sociaux, des luttes de classement va dans le même sens. Ensuite, un retour sur la notion de « société de masse » chez Mills permet de mettre en relief la façon dont ce dernier voit dans le déclin de l’autonomie des ordres institutionnels un facteur d’étouffement de la conflictualité démocratique. Enfin, nous comparons la façon dont Mills et Bourdieu défendent, chacun à sa manière, une « politique de vérité ». L’analyse de la portée et des limites d’une telle politique nous amène à souligner en quoi l’autonomie des ordres institutionnels ou des champs sociaux est une condition et un enjeu à la fois structurant et foncièrement ambivalent de la conflictualité démocratique.
La fábula, ¿una reinvención medieval?
Authors: Bizzarri Hugo Ó.
Published: June 2015

La fábula constituye una de las herencias más claras que la Antigüedad haya legado a la Edad Media. Su tradición puede caracterizarse de heterogénea y ello hizo que la fábula, como forma literaria, no haya permanecido estable. Su difusión por Oriente y Occidente produjo constantes modificaciones no solo en los relatos, sino también en su forma de interpretarlos. En el presente trabajo se intentan abordar esas diversas formas que adoptó la moralización de la fábula, sus constantes mutaciones que tienen relación con una manera de representar el mundo y de interpretarlo.
Revenir sur l’exemplarité de Vittel : formes et détours de l’écologisation d’un territoire agricole
Authors: Hellec Florence
Published: June 2015

Dans cet article, nous proposons d’étudier l’impact de mesures de protection de la qualité de l’eau sur l’agriculture, en revenant sur un cas célèbre, celui de Vittel (Vosges, France). Sur l’impluvium de Vittel-Contrex, dès le début des années 1990, l’entreprise agroalimentaire qui exploite les sources d’eau minérale a mis en place un dispositif de maîtrise des pollutions d’origine agricole, articulant acquisitions foncières et contractualisations avec des agriculteurs volontaires. Notre enquête, de type compréhensive, s’est attachée à analyser les jeux fonciers qui ont eu lieu, et qui ont été à l’origine de nombreux conflits, ainsi qu’à caractériser l’évolution de l’agriculture sur ce territoire, en nous intéressant aux dynamiques professionnelles agricoles qui y prennent place. En conclusion, nous discutons des limites de l’intervention croissante des acteurs industriels dans le processus d’écologisation de l’agriculture.
Potentiel d’élimination des déchets végétaux (feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima) par méthanisation à Kinshasa (République Démocratique du Congo)
Authors: Ngoma Philippe Mambanzulua , Hiligsmann Serge , Zola Eric Sumbu , Ongena Marc , Thonart Philippe
Published: June 2015

La République Démocratique du Congo produit annuellement environ 2,2 millions de tonnes de déchets dans sa capitale, Kinshasa. Ces déchets sont constitués de 66 % de matières organiques dans lesquelles 94 % sont des déchets végétaux et la majorité des feuilles mortes. Parmi ces feuilles, celles de Mangifera Indica et Manihot Utilissima sont les plus accessibles. Elles sont générées via les ménages et les marchés, mais ne sont pas recyclées convenablement. Certains maraîchers les utilisent irrationnellement comme engrais et n’obtiennent pas les résultats attendus. À cet effet, ces déchets gênent et polluent l’environnement. D’autre part, les ménages kinois éprouvent d’énormes difficultés pour s’approvisionner en énergie. La surexploitation du bois énergie entraîne la détérioration des écosystèmes et de la santé publique. Ces méfaits seraient réduits simultanément et durablement par l’exploitation rationnelle de la bioénergie et des biofertilisants résultant de la digestion anaérobie ou biométhanisation des déchets végétaux. En supposant que cette biomasse végétale est constituée uniquement des feuilles de Mangifera Indica et de Manihot Utilissima, le pouvoir énergétique du biogaz émanant de leur biométhanisation réduirait respectivement la consommation en bois énergie de 39 % et 134 %. Par ailleurs, la quantité de digestats produits couvrirait par épandage une superficie proche de celle de la déforestation. Ces estimations montrent un potentiel de valorisation de ces déchets végétaux intéressant pour l’assainissement, les besoins énergétiques, l’afforestation et l’agriculture. De ce fait, ils seraient gérés directement dans leurs lieux de génération pour minimiser les coûts de transport et de traitement industriel.
Représentation sociale du milieu marin et iconographie du territoire chez des élus de communes littorales françaises
Authors: Moel Béatrice Le , Moliner Pascal , Ramadier Thierry
Published: June 2015

Dans cette étude, on a demandé à des élus (n =141) de communes littorales (n =39), réparties sur 4 zones géographiques (Atlantique, Languedoc-Roussillon, Manche et Provence Alpes Côte d’Azur) de dessiner la carte de leur territoire communal. Les participants devaient ensuite réaliser deux tâches d’association verbale destinées à explorer leurs représentations du territoire marin de leur commune. L’analyse des associations verbales (Analyse de classification hiérarchique et analyse de similitude) fait apparaître trois types d’ancrage de la représentation du territoire marin. À partir de ces différents ancrages, on identifie trois sous-groupes d’élus. L’analyse du contenu des dessins montre que selon leur ancrage de la représentation du territoire marin, les élus ne produisent pas les mêmes types de dessins. Ces résultats apportent des éléments de validation à l’hypothèse d’un lien entre représentations (sociales ou spatiales) et iconographie. Mais la recherche suggère aussi une méthodologie originale pour l’étude des significations sociales associées aux territoires.
Circonscrire les gisements de biomasse-énergie pour protéger l'alimentation et la biodiversité : le défi intenable
Authors: Poinsot Yves
Published: June 2015

Par le transfert d'affectation des matières ou des sols, l'essor de la biomasse énergie engendre des concurrences avec les fonctions alimentaires et la biodiversité. On cherche donc à séparer les gisements, tirant les agrocarburants de seconde génération de la biomasse ligneuse, excluant le maïs des digesteurs de biogaz, réservant les cultures énergétiques aux terres marginales. Ces tentatives de séparation se heurtent à la perméabilité des réservoirs. Elle résulte des jeux sur les variations de temps réservées aux cultures alimentaires et énergétiques dans les parcelles, sur la durée des révolutions forestières qui, par les TTCR, connectent les sphères agricoles et forestières, sur les statuts des produits, sous-produits et coproduits sur les marchés, et du caractère trop approximatif de la notion de terres marginales.
Cutting Edge: PD-1 Regulates Imiquimod-Induced Psoriasiform Dermatitis through Inhibition of IL-17A Expression by Innate γδ-Low T Cells
Authors: Imai Yasutomo , Ayithan Natarajan , Wu Xuesong , Yuan Ying , Wang Li , Hwang Sam T.
Published: June 2015

Programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) is a key regulatory molecule that has been targeted in human cancers, including melanoma. In clinical testing, Abs against PD-1 have resulted in psoriasiform dermatitis (PsD). To determine whether PD-1 regulates PsD, we compared skin responses of PD-1–deficient (PD-1KO) mice and wild-type (WT) controls in an imiquimod (IMQ)-induced murine model of psoriasis. PD-1KO mice showed severe epidermal hyperplasia, greater neutrophilic infiltration, and higher expression of Th17 cytokines (versus WT mice). IMQ exposure increased PD-1 expression by skin γδ-low (GDL) T cells and enhanced expression of PD-L1 by keratinocytes. Three-fold increases in the percentage of IL-17A+ GDL T cells were observed in skin cell suspensions derived from IMQ-treated PD-1KO mice (versus WT controls), suggesting that the lack of PD-1 has a functional effect not only on αβ T cells, but also on GDL T cells, and that PD-1 may play a regulatory role in PsD.
Metabolomic Endotype of Asthma
Authors: Comhair Suzy A. A. , McDunn Jonathan , Bennett Carole , Fettig Jade , Erzurum Serpil C. , Kalhan Satish C.
Published: June 2015

Metabolomics, the quantification of small biochemicals in plasma and tissues, can provide insight into complex biochemical processes and enable the identification of biomarkers that may serve as therapeutic targets. We hypothesized that the plasma metabolome of asthma would reveal metabolic consequences of the specific immune and inflammatory responses unique to endotypes of asthma. The plasma metabolomic profiles of 20 asthmatic subjects and 10 healthy controls were examined using an untargeted global and focused metabolomic analysis. Individuals were classified based on clinical definitions of asthma severity or by levels of fraction of exhaled NO (FENO), a biomarker of airway inflammation. Of the 293 biochemicals identified in the plasma, 25 were significantly different among asthma and healthy controls (p < 0.05). Plasma levels of taurine, lathosterol, bile acids (taurocholate and glycodeoxycholate), nicotinamide, and adenosine-5-phosphate were significantly higher in asthmatics compared with healthy controls. Severe asthmatics had biochemical changes related to steroid and amino acid/protein metabolism. Asthmatics with high FENO, compared with those with low FENO, had higher levels of plasma branched-chain amino acids and bile acids. Asthmatics have a unique plasma metabolome that distinguishes them from healthy controls and points to activation of inflammatory and immune pathways. The severe asthmatic and high FENO asthmatic have unique endotypes that suggest changes in NO-associated taurine transport and bile acid metabolism.
Metric Compactifications and Coarse Structures
Authors: Mine Kotaro , Yamashita Atsushi
Published: June 2015

LetTBbe the category of totally bounded, locally compact metric spaces with the C0coarse structures. We show that ifXandYare inTB, thenXandYare coarsely equivalent if and only if their Higson coronas are homeomorphic. In fact, the Higson corona functor gives an equivalence of categoriesTB→K, whereKis the category of compact metrizable spaces. We use this fact to show that the continuously controlled coarse structure on a locally compact spaceXinduced by some metrizable compactificationis determined only by the topology of the remainder.
Distributive and Anti-distributive Mendelsohn Triple Systems
Authors: Donovan Diane M. , Griggs Terry S. , McCourt Thomas A. , Opršal Jakub , Stanovský David
Published: June 2015

We prove that the existence spectrum of Mendelsohn triple systems whose associated quasigroups satisfy distributivity corresponds to the Loeschian numbers, and provide some enumeration results. We do this by considering a description of the quasigroups in terms of commutative Moufang loops. In addition we provide constructions of Mendelsohn quasigroups that fail distributivity for asmany combinations of elements as possible. These systems are analogues of Hall triple systems and anti-mitre Steiner triple systems respectively.
Prevalence of Dentulism, Partial Edentulism and Complete Edentulism in Rural and Urban Population of Malwa Region of India: A Population-based Study
Authors: Agrawal Rohit , Shakya Prabha , Jain Deshraj , Sonkesariya Subhash , Prasad SV Sai
Published: June 2015

Background

The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of dentulism, partial edentulism and complete edentulism in rural and urban population of Malwa region of India, who visited at department of prosthodontics for the first time.

Materials and methods

An institution-based, cross-sectional study using the random sampling method was used to select the study sample of 1000 males and females. Data were collected using questionnaires and oral examination. Data were statistically analyzed using Chi-square test.

Results

Nearly, 38.5 and 63.1% of the rural and urban females were dentulous in the age of below 53 and 43 years. 61.4 and 36% of rural and urban males were dentulous in the age of below 53 and 43 years. Nearly, 41.9 and 48.2% of the rural and urban females were partial edentulous in the age of above 53 and 43 years. Fifty-eight and 51.7% of rural and urban males were dentulous in the age of above 53 and 43 years. Nearly, 22.4 and 55.8% of the rural and urban females were completing edentulous in the age of above 43 years in both population. 77.5 and 44.1% of rural and urban males were completing edentulous in the age of above 33 and 53 years.

Limitation

The study was conducted in an institution-based set-up. Hence, any interpretation of the results of this study must bear this limitation in mind.

Conclusion

It is essential to identify feasible strategies to provide primary dental health education and treatment to all rural and urban elderly in the future. We suggest community dental health services to be included in general health of the elderly rather than a special health need of the community.

How to cite this article

Sonkesariya S, Jain D, Shakya P, Agrawal R, Prasad SVS. Prevalence of Dentulism, Partial Edentulism and Complete Edentulism in Rural and Urban Popu- lation of Malwa Region of India: A Population-based Study. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(4):112-119.
Achieving Esthetics with Andrew's Bridge
Authors: Joshi Shubha , Kolaganti Prasan Kumar , Shalini BN , Kolaganti Sowjanya , Jesudass G
Published: June 2015

The anterior ridge defects present in a patient are very difficult to treat and they require great amount of planning, like removable or fixed prosthesis and options of implant. Here is a article that describes the process of fabrication of Andrew's bridge to treat a class III anterior ridge defect using natural teeth as abutments for its fixed component followed by a removable component. The procedure of fabricating Andrew's bridge was undertaken when a 26 years old patient came to the department of prosthodontia after being operated for the cleft lip and palate. After the patient was treated with this Andrew's bar system, it was evaluated over a long period of time and accordingly it was concluded that the patient had a good adaptability, comfort, pleasing esthetics and phonetics were achieved as desired and can be given in patients where esthetics due to repositioning of teeth creates difficulties.

How to cite this article

Kolaganti PK, Joshi S, Shalini BN, Kolaganti S, Jesudass G. Achieving Esthetics with Andrew's Bridge. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(4):127-130.
Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Lateral Midfacial Defect Combined with Hemimandibulectomy using Multiple/Sectional Prosthesis
Authors: Geethu RM , Anilkumar S , Rajesh C , Uniyal Shashank
Published: June 2015

Extraoral maxillofacial rehabilitation of patients with large midfacial defects has always perplexed the prosthodontist. Retention of such large facial prosthesis can be challenging due to its increased size and weight. This clinical report describes the technique of prosthetic rehabilitation of a patient with large midfacial defect using a hollow light-weight intraoral-extraoral combination prosthesis utilizing rare-earth magnets as a retention tool. This prosthesis dramatically improved the function, esthetics and comfort, thus, enabling him to lead a normal life.

How to cite this article

Geethu RM, Anilkumar S, Rajesh C, Uniyal S. Prosthetic Rehabilitation of a Lateral Midfacial Defect Combined with Hemimandibulectomy using Multiple/Sectional Prosthesis. Int J Prosthodont Restor Dent 2014;4(4):131-137.
From Quezon to Bulacan: Tracing the Origin of Baliwag Buntal Hat
Authors: Guevarra Aldrine
Published: June 2015

Known as one of the top exporters of buntal hats, Baliwag is famous for having a Buntal Festival every month of May, the municipal seal bears a buntal hat and the town's flag carrier, the Baliwag Transit, Inc. carries with it the buntal hat as well. However, despite the importance of the industry to the local economy, the material, which is buntal fiber is coming from Quezon Province. This paper traces the origin of Baliwag Buntal Hat industry in the province of Bulacan. The study was conducted to determine the historical origin of Baliwag buntal and establish connection between the town of Baliwag and the province of Quezon, identifying the factors and circumstances on how buntal hat became one of Bulacan's traditional crafts and the symbol of the municipality of Baliwag. The methods employed are historical and descriptive and adopted the local and oral history. The historical tracing of the towns of Sariaya and Lucban are known to have wide areas of buri palm plantation, wherein buntal fibers are being extracted. Also, the technology of weaving hats is best practiced in many towns of Quezon. Baliwag also manages to carve a name on hat weaving, exporting hats abroad and creating economic potentials for the people, primarily due to the expansion, experimentation and even lamentation of the Baliwagueá¹…os. The connection provides potentials and possibilities for both Baliwag and Quezon.
Rationing Change as Coping Strategy Employed by Buhid Households against Food Insecurity
Authors: Declaro-Ruedas Mary Yole Apple
Published: June 2015

The Mangyans as a group of people traces a history of marginalization both in their ancestral domain and in their access to basic social services, particularly, health and education. This study was conducted to: 1) determine the socio-economic characteristics and household food expenditures of the Buhid women; 2) determine their food security condition; and 3) identify the food insecurity coping strategies employed. The descriptive method was employed. The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Food Sufficiency Questionnaire and Coping Strategy Index (CSI) was used to enumerate both frequency and severity of coping strategies of households faced with short-term insufficiency of food. Results show that majority of the Buhid women were between 20 and 39 years old, which means that they were still in their middle age and can still perform reproductive and productive activities. They have big household size, with low level of basic education, and with an average monthly income below the poverty threshold. The biggest portion of the household expenditure was spent for food. The Buhid women experienced "food insecurity with moderate hunger" in which adults in the households have experienced reductions in food intake. It is recommended that further study on the relationship between the socio- economic characteristics of the Buhid women and household security status and their coping strategies be conducted.
The Maranao Streamers and Tarpaulins as Tools of Communication: An Ethnographic Study
Authors: Maruhom Monara Hamiydah M.
Published: June 2015

An organization is a conglomeration of individual cultural practices and not just a system of human beings acting and interacting with one another in their society. Understanding the Maranao practice of displaying streamers locally called bidangan and tarpaulin provides people with a better picture of how these cultural practices affect their way of life. The study aimed mainly to comprehend the history and origin of this set of flags. Participant-observation qualitative technique was employed to closely observe how the streamers are displayed for various occasions. Personal random interviews were conducted to individuals who are knowledgeable on the subject matter. The study found that the Maranao folk have continued to maintain their native culture, traditions, customs and way of life. The results of this study will serve as a basis for developing a policy framework to educate the Maranao society on the proper use of streamers in the preservation of their remarkable traditional culture.
Comparison of the data‐driven top‐down and bottom‐up global terrestrial CO2 exchanges: GOSAT CO2 inversion and empirical eddy flux upscaling
Authors: Kondo Masayuki , Ichii Kazuhito , Takagi Hiroshi , Sasakawa Motoki
Published: June 2015

We examined the consistency between terrestrial biosphere fluxes (terrestrial CO2 exchanges) from data‐driven top‐down (GOSAT CO2 inversion) and bottom‐up (empirical eddy flux upscaling based on a support vector regression (SVR) model) approaches over 42 global terrestrial regions from June 2009 to October 2011. Seasonal variations of the biosphere fluxes by the two approaches agreed well in boreal and temperate regions across the Northern Hemisphere. Both fluxes also exhibited strong anomalous signals in response to contrasting anomalous spring temperatures observed in North America and boreal Eurasia. This indicates that the CO2 concentration data integrated in the GOSAT inversion and the meteorological and vegetation data in the SVR models are equally effective in producing spatiotemporal variations of biosphere flux. Meanwhile, large differences in seasonality were found in subtropical and tropical South America, South Asia, and Africa. The GOSAT inversion showed seasonal variations that pivoted around CO2 neutral, while the SVR model showed seasonal variations that tended toward CO2 sink. Thus, a large difference in CO2 budget was identified between the two approaches in subtropical and tropical regions across the Southern Hemisphere. Examination of the integrated data revealed that the large tropical sink of CO2 by the SVR model was an artifact due to the underrepresented biosphere fluxes predicted by limited eddy flux data for tropical biomes. Because of the global coverage of CO2 concentration data, the GOSAT inversion provides better estimates of continental CO2 flux than the SVR model in the Southern Hemisphere.
Southern Hemisphere extratropical circulation: Recent trends and natural variability
Authors: Thomas Jordan L. , Waugh Darryn W. , Gnanadesikan Anand
Published: June 2015

Changes in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), Southern Hemisphere (SH) westerly jet location, and magnitude are linked with changes in ocean circulation along with ocean heat and carbon uptake. Recent trends have been observed in these fields but not much is known about the natural variability. Here we aim to quantify the natural variability of the SH extratropical circulation by using Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) preindustrial control model runs and compare with the observed trends in SAM, jet magnitude, and jet location. We show that trends in SAM are due partly to external forcing but are not outside the natural variability as described by these models. Trends in jet location and magnitude, however, lie outside the unforced natural variability but can be explained by a combination of natural variability and the ensemble mean forced trend. These results indicate that trends in these three diagnostics cannot be used interchangeably.
Effects of initial conditions uncertainty on regional climate variability: An analysis using a low‐resolution CESM ensemble
Authors: Sriver Ryan L. , Forest Chris E. , Keller Klaus
Published: June 2015

The uncertainties surrounding the initial conditions in Earth system models can considerably influence interpretations about climate trends and variability. Here we present results from a new climate change ensemble experiment using the Community Earth System Model (CESM) to analyze the effect of internal variability on regional climate variables that are relevant for decision making. Each simulation is initialized from a unique and dynamically consistent model state sampled from a ~10,000 year fully coupled equilibrium simulation, which captures the internal unforced variability of the coupled Earth system. We find that internal variability has a sizeable contribution to the modeled ranges of temperature and precipitation. The effects increase for more localized regions. The ensemble exhibits skill in simulating key regional climate processes relevant to decision makers, such as seasonal temperature variability and extremes. The presented ensemble framework and results can provide useful resources for uncertainty quantification, integrated assessment, and climate risk management.
Statistical storm time examination of MLT‐dependent plasmapause location derived from IMAGE EUV
Authors: Katus R. M. , Gallagher D. L. , Liemohn M. W. , Keesee A. M. , Sarno‐Smith L. K.
Published: June 2015

The location of the outer edge of the plasmasphere (the plasmapause) as a function of geomagnetic storm time is identified and investigated statistically in regard to the solar wind driver. Imager for Magnetopause‐to‐Aurora Global Exploration (IMAGE) extreme ultraviolet (EUV) data are used to create an automated method that locates and extracts the plasmapause. The plasmapause extraction technique searches a set range of possible plasmasphere densities for a maximum gradient. The magnetic local time (MLT)‐dependent plasmapause results are compared to manual extraction results. The plasmapause results from 39 intense storms are examined along a normalized epoch storm timeline to determine the average plasmapause L shell as a function of MLT and storm time. The average extracted plasmapause L shell follows the expected storm time plasmapause behavior. The results show that during the main phase, the plasmapause moves earthward and a plasmaspheric drainage plume forms near dusk and across the dayside during strong convection. During the recovery phase, the plume rejoins the corotationally driven plasma while the average plasmapause location moves farther from the Earth. The results are also examined in terms of the solar wind driver. We find evidence that shows that the different categories of solar wind drivers result in different plasmaspheric configurations. During magnetic cloud‐driven events the plasmaspheric drainage plume appears at the start of the main phase. During sheath‐driven events the plume forms later but typically extends further in MLT.
Bias in MODIS cloud drop effective radius for oceanic water clouds as deduced from optical thickness variability across scattering angles
Authors: Liang Lusheng , Di Girolamo Larry , Sun Wenbo
Published: June 2015

The Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) represents our most advanced system for long‐term, global observations of cloud optical depth (τ) and cloud drop effective radius (Re). Here we show that the both zonal means of (1) MODIS‐retrieved τ and Re and (2) τ retrieved from the Multi‐angle Imaging Spectroradiometer (MISR) using MODIS‐retrieved Re as input exhibit a large, local negative bias in the rainbow scattering direction relative to adjacent scattering angles for oceanic water clouds. Using radiative transfer simulations, we demonstrate that these local biases are explained by overestimates in MODIS‐retrieved Re. While 3‐D factors on the angular variability of τ are evident, we conclude that a Re bias is itself an important contributor to this variability. With 3‐D factors present, we show that upper and lower bound estimates on the biases in the three MODIS Re products, namely Re1.6, Re2.1, and Re3.7 retrieved from 1.6, 2.1, and 3.7 µm channels, respectively, are possible from a combination of MISR and MODIS data. The midpoints of the upper and lower bounds in zonal mean biases are estimated to be 3–11 µm for Re2.1 and Re1.6 and 2–7 µm for Re3.7, depending on latitude, with smaller biases at latitudes where more stratiform clouds contribute to the total low cloud cover. Removing the bias from the zonal means reveals that Re1.6, Re2.1, and Re3.7 are more similar with each other compared to their original values. The change in zonal mean of Re as a function of latitude is also very different between original and bias‐corrected products. These differences change the interpretation of the vertical and horizontal distribution of Re from the original MODIS product.
Effect of interannual variation in winter vertical mixing on CH4 dynamics in a subtropical reservoir
Authors: Itoh Masayuki , Kobayashi Yuki , Chen Tzong‐Yueh , Tokida Takeshi , Fukui Manabu , Kojima Hisaya , Miki Takeshi , Tayasu Ichiro , Shiah Fuh‐Kwo , Okuda Noboru
Published: June 2015

Although freshwaters are considered to be substantial natural sources of atmospheric methane (CH4), in situ processes of CH4 production and consumption in freshwater ecosystems are poorly understood, especially in subtropical areas, leading to uncertainties in the estimation of global CH4 emissions. To improve our understanding of physical and biogeochemical factors affecting CH4 dynamics in subtropical lakes, we examined vertical and seasonal profiles of dissolved CH4 and its carbon isotope ratio (δ13C) and conducted incubation experiments to assess CH4 production and oxidation in the deep subtropical Fei‐Tsui Reservoir (FTR; Taiwan). The mixing pattern of the FTR is essentially monomixis, but the intensity of winter vertical mixing changes with climatic conditions. In years with incomplete vertical mixing (does not reach the bottom) and subsequent strong thermal stratification resulting in profundal hypoxia, we observed increases in sedimentary CH4 production and thus profundal CH4 storage with the development of reducing conditions. In contrast, in years with strong winter vertical mixing to the bottom of the reservoir, CH4 production was suppressed under NO3−‐rich conditions, during which denitrifiers have the competitive advantage over methanogens. Diffusive emission from profundal CH4 storage appeared to be negligible due to the efficiency of CH4 oxidation during ascent through methane‐oxidizing bacteria (MOB) activity. Most of the profundal CH4 was rapidly oxidized by MOB in both oxic and anoxic layers, as characterized by its carbon isotope signature. In contrast, aerobic CH4 production in the subsurface layer, which may be enhanced under high temperatures in summer, may account for a large portion of atmospheric CH4 emissions from this reservoir. Our CH4 profiling results provide valuable information for future studies predicting CH4 emissions from subtropical lakes with the progress of global warming.
Mechanical and Microstructural Investigation of Nickel‐Based Superalloy IN718 Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting (SLM)
Authors: Strößner Johannes , Terock Michael , Glatzel Uwe
Published: June 2015

Selective laser melting, a quite new layer‐wise manufacturing process for metals, is used for processing the nickel‐based superalloy IN718. The objective of this work is to compare the microstructure and the mechanical properties of the produced specimens, directly after the manufacturing process and additionally after two diverse heat treatments subsequent to the manufacturing process. As the resulting microstructure and properties for specimens manufactured by selective laser melting are directional, all investigations are made for specimens oriented vertically and horizontally. Optical, scanning, and transmission electron microscopy are carried out in order to characterize the microstructure explicitly. For investigating the texture of the material, additional EBSD measurements are undertaken. Mechanical tests include tensile testing at room temperature and at elevated temperatures and hardness measurements. The investigations reveal a very good quality of the SLM‐produced specimens. Nonetheless, differences in the grain sizes, the orientation, and especially in the precipitation behavior could be found.
Mechanical Properties of Ultrafine‐Grained Metals: New Challenges and Perspectives
Authors: Vinogradov Alexei
Published: June 2015

Investigations of the behavior of ultrafine‐grained (UFG) materials manufactured by severe plastic deformation (SPD) have been greatly motivated by the expectations that they may have unique properties as well as by the desire to understand the fundamental mechanisms underlying the specific properties associated with extreme grain refinement. Although the concurrent improvement of both strength and ductility is possible via SPD, the most commonly observed high strength of UFG materials is paired with a very limited uniform elongation. Based on the dislocation kinetics and its relation with the Considère instability, an attempt is made to provide a unified view for the hardening behaviour and early macroscopic strain localization.
C9orf72 ablation in mice does not cause motor neuron degeneration or motor deficits
Authors: Koppers Max , Blokhuis Anna M. , Westeneng Henk‐Jan , Terpstra Margo L. , Zundel Caroline A. C. , Vieira de Sá Renata , Schellevis Raymond D. , Waite Adrian J. , Blake Derek J. , Veldink Jan H. , van den Berg Leonard H. , Pasterkamp R. Jeroen
Published: June 2015

Objective

How hexanucleotide (GGGGCC) repeat expansions in C9ORF72 cause amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) remains poorly understood. Both gain‐ and loss‐of‐function mechanisms have been proposed. Evidence supporting these mechanisms in vivo is, however, incomplete. Here we determined the effect of C9orf72 loss‐of‐function in mice.

Methods

We generated and analyzed a conditional C9orf72 knockout mouse model. C9orf72fl/fl mice were crossed with Nestin‐Cre mice to selectively remove C9orf72 from neurons and glial cells. Immunohistochemistry was performed to study motor neurons and neuromuscular integrity, as well as several pathological hallmarks of ALS, such as gliosis and TDP‐43 mislocalization. In addition, motor function and survival were assessed.

Results

Neural‐specific ablation of C9orf72 in conditional C9orf72 knockout mice resulted in significantly reduced body weight but did not induce motor neuron degeneration, defects in motor function, or altered survival.

Interpretation

Our data suggest that C9orf72 loss‐of‐function, by itself, is insufficient to cause motor neuron disease. These results may have important implications for the development of therapeutic strategies for C9orf72‐associated ALS. Ann Neurol 2015;78:426–438
Ligand‐Assisted Gold‐Catalyzed Cross‐Coupling with Aryldiazonium Salts: Redox Gold Catalysis without an External Oxidant
Authors: Cai Rong , Lu Mei , Aguilera Ellen Y. , Xi Yumeng , Akhmedov Novruz G. , Petersen Jeffrey L. , Chen Hao , Shi Xiaodong
Published: June 2015

Gold‐catalyzed C(sp)–C(sp2) and C(sp2)–C(sp2) cross‐coupling reactions are accomplished with aryldiazonium salts as the coupling partner. With the assistance of bpy ligand, gold(I) species were oxidized to gold(III) by diazonium without any external oxidants. Monitoring the reaction with NMR and ESI‐MS provided strong evidence for the nitrogen extrusion followed by AuIII reductive elimination as the key step.
A directed topic model applied to call center improvement
Authors: Allen Theodore T. , Xiong Hui , Afful‐Dadzie Anthony
Published: June 2015

We propose subject matter expert refined topic (SMERT) allocation, a generative probabilistic model applicable to clustering freestyle text. SMERT models are three‐level hierarchical Bayesian models in which each item is modeled as a finite mixture over a set of topics. In addition to discrete data inputs, we introduce binomial inputs. These ‘high‐level’ data inputs permit the ‘boosting’ or affirming of terms in the topic definitions and the ‘zapping’ of other terms. We also present a collapsed Gibbs sampler for efficient estimation. The methods are illustrated using real world data from a call center. Also, we compare SMERT with three alternative approaches and two criteria. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Simultaneous separation and sensitive detection of naringin and naringenin in nanoparticles by chromatographic method indicating stability and photodegradation kinetics
Authors: Cordenonsi Leticia Malgarim , Bromberger Nathany Genro , Raffin Renata Platcheck , Scherman Elfrides Eva
Published: June 2015

A simple, sensitive, precise and linear method by liquid chromatography was established for simultaneous determination and quantification of naringin and naringenin in polymeric nanoparticles. The method results in excellent separation in <11 min and with a peak purity of both flavonoids. The analyses were performed using a C18 column (4.6 × 150 mm, 5 µm), at a 1 mL/min flow rate. The mobile phase consisted of a gradient of acetonitrile–water (pH 4.0; v/v) at a temperature of 25°C. The nanoparticles were prepared according to the method of interfacial deposition of a pre‐formed polymer. The method were validated in compliance with guidelines, and was found to be linear in the 1–40 µg/mL concentration range for both naringin and naringenin (r > 0.99). Repeatability was determined at three concentration levels, obtaining an RSD (%) <0.9%, and the accuracy of the method was >98%. The photodegradation kinetics was determined for naringin; the coefficient that best represents degradation was of first order and naringenin presented a zero‐order kinetics. To our knowledge, a rapid and sensitive method for naringin and naringenin in polymeric nanoparticles has not been published elsewhere and this method is applicable to simultaneous evaluation of flavonoids. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Determination of glucosamine and its derivatives released from photocrosslinked gelatin hydrogels using HPLC
Authors: Suo Hairui , Xu Kedi , Zhang Hengyi , Zheng Xiaoxiang
Published: June 2015

A simple, accurate and validated reverse‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)/UV method is developed for the determination of glucosamine hydrochloride (GlcN), N‐acetyl‐glucosamine (NAG) and N‐acryloyl‐glucosamine (AGA) released from photocrosslinked gelatin hydrogels. The HPLC separation was achieved on a Shimadzu InertSustain amino column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm particle size) at room temperature using a mobile phase of acetonitrile–phosphate buffer (75:25, v/v, pH 6.0) at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and UV detection of 194 nm. The method was validated for specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, extraction recovery and solution stability. The calibration curves were with excellent linearity, with correlation coefficients (R2) >0.999 for all three drugs. The intra‐ and inter‐day variation was <3.10% and the relative error was between −1.43 and 1.78%. The extraction recovery results ranged from 94.62 to 99.33%, demonstrating the absence of matrix effect. The sample and standard solutions were stable for more than 2 months. The method was successfully used for the analysis of released properties of drugs physically encapsulated and chemically crosslinked in the gelatin hydrogels. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Liposome‐Based in Vitro Evolution of Aminoacyl‐tRNA Synthetase for Enhanced Pyrrolysine Derivative Incorporation
Authors: Uyeda Atsuko , Watanabe Takayoshi , Kato Yasuhiko , Watanabe Hajime , Yomo Tetsuya , Hohsaka Takahiro , Matsuura Tomoaki
Published: June 2015

Methanosarcina species pyrrolysyl‐tRNA synthetase (PylRS) attaches Pyl to its cognate amber suppressor tRNA. The introduction of two mutations (Y384F and Y306A) into PylRS was previously shown to generate a mutant, designated LysZ‐RS, that was able to attach N‐benzyloxycarbonyl‐L‐lysine (LysZ) to its cognate tRNA. Despite the potential of LysZ derivatives, further LysZ‐RS engineering has not been performed; consequently, we aimed to generate LysZ‐RS mutants with improved LysZ incorporation activity through in vitro directed evolution. Using a liposome‐based in vitro compartmentalization (IVC) approach, we screened a randomly mutagenized gene library of LysZ‐RS and obtained a mutant that showed increased LysZ incorporation activity both in vitro and in vivo. The ease and high flexibility of liposome‐based IVC should enable the evolution of not only LysZ‐RS that can attach various LysZ derivatives but also of other enzymes involved in protein translation.
A case of Manila type Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in Japan
Authors: Usami Osamu , Nakajima Chie , Endo Shiro , Inomata Shinya , Kanamori Hajime , Hirakata Yoichi , Uchiyama Bine , Kaku Mitsuo , Suzuki Yasuhiko , Hattori Toshio
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical Message

A 76‐year‐old Japanese woman contracted a Mycobacterium tuberculosis (TB, Manila type) infection in Japan, despite never having traveled. However, her son was treated for TB in the Philippines 3 years before he stayed at her house. Spoligotyping allows us to identify the TB genotype and identify the route of infection.
Pulmonary amyloidosis mimicking prostate cancer metastasis
Authors: Natsume Soichiro , Nakahara Yoshiro , Okamura Tatsuru , Hishima Tsunekazu
Published: June 2015

Key Clinical Message

Localized nodular pulmonary amyloidosis is rare. However, the disease should be considered in the differential diagnosis of multiple lung nodules.