bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
“Medicine 4.0”
Authors: Wolf Bernhard , Scholze Christian
Published: September 2017

Not only in the technological world (“Industry 4.0”), but also in medicine, a paradigmatic change is taking place: We are already on the threshold of “Medicine 4.0”. Molecular biology has long played a leading role in life sciences. Scientists now realise that, with increasing miniaturisation, microelectronic systems downsized to the dimensions of cellular systems will facilitate new therapeutic approaches. But conventional telecommunications systems can also be equipped with sensors and transformed into intelligent medical monitoring devices that can help patients become part of the diagnostic and therapeutic process. This article illustrates development trends that will lead to modern, electronically supported healthcare concepts.
Classifying smoke in laparoscopic videos using SVM
Authors: Alshirbaji Tamer Abdulbaki , Jalal Nour Aldeen , Mündermann Lars , Möller Knut
Published: September 2017

Smoke in laparoscopic videos usually appears due to the use of electrocautery when cutting or coagulating tissues. Therefore, detecting smoke can be used for event-based annotation in laparoscopic surgeries by retrieving the events associated with the electrocauterization. Furthermore, smoke detection can also be used for automatic smoke removal. However, detecting smoke in laparoscopic video is a challenge because of the changeability of smoke patterns, the moving camera and the different lighting conditions. In this paper, we present a video-based smoke detection algorithm to detect smoke of different densities such as fog, low and high density in laparoscopic videos. The proposed method depends on extracting various visual features from the laparoscopic images and providing them to support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Features are based on motion, colour and texture patterns of the smoke. We validated our algorithm using experimental evaluation on four laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos. These four videos were manually annotated by defining every frame as smoke or non-smoke frame. The algorithm was applied to the videos by using different feature combinations for classification. Experimental results show that the combination of all proposed features gives the best classification performance. The overall accuracy (i.e. correctly classified frames) is around 84%, with the sensitivity (i.e. correctly detected smoke frames) and the specificity (i.e. correctly detected non-smoke frames) are 89% and 80%, respectively.
Towards microprocessor-based control of droplet parameters for endoscopic laryngeal adductor reflex triggering
Authors: Fast Jacob Friedemann , Muley Apurva , Kühn Daniela , Meisoll Frederik , Ortmaier Tobias , Jungheim Michael , Ptok Martin , Kahrs Lüder Alexander
Published: September 2017

The so-called Laryngeal Adductor Reflex (LAR) protects the respiratory tract from particle intrusion by quickly approximating the vocal folds to close the free glottal space. An impaired LAR may be associated with an increased risk of aspiration and other adverse conditions. To evaluate the integrity of the LAR, we recently developed an endoscopic prototype for LAR triggering by shooting accelerated droplets onto a predefined laryngeal target region. We now modified the existing droplet-dispensing system to adapt the fluid system pressure as well as the valve opening time to user-chosen values autonomously. This has been accomplished using a microcontroller board connected to a pressure sensor and a mechatronic syringe pump. For performance validation, we designed a measurement setup capable of tracking the droplet along a vertical trajectory. In addition to the experimental setup, the influence of parameters such as system pressure and valve opening time on the micro-droplet formation is presented. Further development will enable the physician to adjust the droplet momentum by setting a single input value on the microcontroller-based setup, thus further increasing usability of the diagnostic device.
Optimal orientation for ionization chambers in MRgRT reference dosimetry
Authors: Pojtinger Stefan , Dohm Oliver S. , Thorwarth Daniela
Published: September 2017

The interest in hybrid systems combining magnetic resonance imaging and medical linear accelerator (MR-Linac) is rapidly increasing due to the clinical availability of different systems. Reference dosimetry is a critical issue for integrating these devices into clinical practice. However, the response of ionization chambers changes according to the distinct orientation of the chamber with respect to the magnetic field. In this study, we have carried out Monte Carlo simulations to identify an optimal orientation for thimble type chambers in MRgRT reference dosimetry. Our findings suggest that an orientation where the chamber axis is parallel to the magnetic field axis should be preferred.
Autologous fibrin glue: automated production and adhesive quality
Authors: Düregger Katharina , Frenzel Sabrina , Eblenkamp Markus
Published: September 2017

Fibrin glue is a two-component adhesive used to stop bleeding, seal wound edges and for scaffolds in tissue engineering. Autologous products result in reduced risk of contamination and immunological responses compared to commercially available fibrin glue. However, reproducibility due to patient dependent sealant properties of autologous fibrin glue preparation is low. In this study a fully automated production process for both the fibrinogen and thrombin component from small blood volumes was developed. The resulting fibrinogen concentration, thrombin activity and sealant properties of the fibrin glue were determined. The fully automated and closed production system proved to be a promising tool for fast and easy production of autologous fibrin glue with an effective adhesive quality.
Agglomeration of magnetic nanoparticles and its effects on magnetic hyperthermia
Authors: Engelmann Ulrich , Buhl Eva Miriam , Baumann Martin , Schmitz-Rode Thomas , Slabu Ioana
Published: September 2017

Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH) is a promising approach for organ-confined tumor treatment. In MFH, magnetic nanoparticles (MNP) are magnetically targeted at the tumor site and heated in an alternating magnetic field. The heat produced by the MNP is used to cause tumor cell death. At the tumor site, MNP bind to the cell membrane and form agglomerates before they are internalized into the intracellular compartments. Intracellular immobilization and the formation of agglomerates influence heating properties of MNP making it difficult to control the local heating inside the tumor. In this study, we investigated MNP agglomerated samples for their heating efficiency. We found an increase in heating of 22 % upon agglomeration. If MNP are additionally immobilized, however, the heating decreases by 30 %. Consequently, due to the binding of bigger MNP agglomerates at cellular level, heating efficiency inside tumors is assumed to decrease.
Remote monitoring in emergency medical services
Authors: Follmann Andreas , Rossaint Rolf , Brokmann Jörg Christian , Beckers Stefan K. , Czaplik Michael
Published: September 2017

An increasing number of missions in emergency medical services and a progressive utilization rate of emergency physicians also require the use of the benefits of telemedicine in prehospital emergency medicine. Through modern technology, such as the transmission of vital data in real time and a secure audio-visual contact, paramedics can be quickly connected to an experienced emergency physician from a distance and supported in diagnostics and therapy of a patient. This tele-emergency services physician is established in the Aachen emergency service since 2014 and has already had numerous successful missions.
A user-specific human-machine interaction strategy for a prosthetic shank adapter
Authors: Stuhlenmiller Florian , Schuy Jochen , Beckerle Philipp , Rinderknecht Stephan
Published: September 2017

For people with lower limb amputation, a user-specific human-machine interaction with their prostheses is required to ensure safe and comfortable assistance. Especially during dynamic turning manoeuvres, users experience high loads at the stump, which decreases comfort and may lead to long-term tissue damage. Preliminary experiments with users wearing a configurable, passive torsional adaptor indicate increased comfort and safety achieved by adaptation of torsional stiffness and foot alignment. Moreover, the results show that the individual preference regarding both parameters depend on gait situation and individual preference. Hence, measured loads in the structure of the prosthesis and subjective feedback regarding comfort and safety during different turning motions are considered in a user-specific human-machine interaction strategy for a prosthetic shank adaptor. Therefore, the interrelations of gait parameters with optimal configuration are stored in an individual preference-setting matrix. Stiffness and foot alignment are actively adjusted to the optimal parameters by a parallel elastic actuator. Two subjects reported that they experienced appropriate variation of stiffness and foot alignment, a noticeable reduction of load at the stump and that they could turn with less effort.
Features for detecting smoke in laparoscopic videos
Authors: Jalal Nour Aldeen , Alshirbaji Tamer Abdulbaki , Mündermann Lars , Möller Knut
Published: September 2017

Video-based smoke detection in laparoscopic surgery has different potential applications, such as the automatic addressing of surgical events associated with the electrocauterization task and the development of automatic smoke removal. In the literature, video-based smoke detection has been studied widely for fire surveillance systems. Nevertheless, the proposed methods are insufficient for smoke detection in laparoscopic videos because they often depend on assumptions which rarely hold in laparoscopic surgery such as static camera. In this paper, ten visual features based on motion, texture and colour of smoke are proposed and evaluated for smoke detection in laparoscopic videos. These features are RGB channels, energy-based feature, texture features based on gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM), HSV colour space feature, features based on the detection of moving regions using optical flow and the smoke colour in HSV colour space. These features were tested on four laparoscopic cholecystectomy videos. Experimental observations show that each feature can provide valuable information in performing the smoke detection task. However, each feature has weaknesses to detect the presence of smoke in some cases. By combining all proposed features smoke with high and even low density can be identified robustly and the classification accuracy increases significantly.
Robotic 4D ultrasound solution for real-time visualization and teleoperation
Authors: Al-Badri Mohammed , Ipsen Svenja , Böttger Sven , Ernst Floris
Published: September 2017

Automation of the image acquisition process via robotic solutions offer a large leap towards resolving ultrasound’s user-dependency. This paper, as part of a larger project aimed to develop a multipurpose 4d-ultrasonic force-sensitive robot for medical applications, focuses on achieving real-time remote visualisation for 4d ultrasound image transfer. This was possible through implementing our software modification on a GE Vivid 7 Dimension workstation, which operates a matrix array probe controlled by a KUKA LBR iiwa 7 7-DOF robotic arm. With the help of robotic positioning and the matrix array probe, fast volumetric imaging of target regions was feasible. By testing ultrasound volumes, which were roughly 880 kB in size, while using gigabit Ethernet connection, a latency of ∼57 ms was achievable for volume transfer between the ultrasound station and a remote client application, which as a result allows a frame count of 17.4 fps. Our modification thus offers for the first time real-time remote visualization, recording and control of 4d ultrasound data, which can be implemented in teleoperation.
In-ear photoplethysmography for central pulse waveform analysis in non-invasive hemodynamic monitoring
Authors: Tigges Timo , Rockstroh Jonas , Pielmuş Alexandru , Klum Michael , Feldheiser Aarne , Hunsicker Oliver , Orglmeister Reinhold
Published: September 2017

In recent years, the analysis of the photoplethys-mographic (PPG) pulse waveforms has attracted much research focus. However, the considered signals are primarily recorded at the fingertips, which suffer from reduced peripheral perfusion in situations like hypovolemia or sepsis, rendering waveform analysis infeasible. The ear canal is not affected by cardiovascular centralization and could thus prove to be an ideal alternate measurement site for pulse waveform analysis. Therefore, we developed a novel system that allows for highly accurate photoplethysmographic measurements in the ear canal. We conducted a measurement study in order to assess the signal-to-noise ratio of our developed system Hereby, we achieved a mean SNR of 40.65 dB. Hence, we could show that our system allows for highly accurate PPG recordings in the ear canal facilitating sophisticated pulse waveform analysis. Furthermore, we demonstrated that the pulse decomposition analysis is also applicable to in-ear PPG recordings.
Sub-3mm spatial resolution from a large monolithic LaBr3 (Ce) scintillator
Authors: Liprandi Silvia , Mayerhofer Michael , Aldawood Saad , Binder Tim , Dedes George , Miani Agnese , Schaart Dennis R. , Lozano Ingrid I. Valencia , Parodi Katia , Thirolf Peter G.
Published: September 2017

A Compton camera prototype for ion beam range monitoring via prompt (< 1 ns) gamma detection in hadron therapy is being developed and characterized at the Medical Physics Department of LMU Munich. The system consists of a large (50x50x30 mm3) monolithic LaBr3(Ce) scintillation crystal as absorber component to detect the multi-MeV Compton scattered photons, together with a stack of 6 double-sided silicon strip detectors (DSSSD) acting as scatterer component. Key ingredient of the γ-source reconstruction is the determination of the γ-ray interaction position in the scintillator, which is read out by a 256-fold segmented multi-anode photomultiplier tube (PMT). From simulations an angular resolution of about 1.5o for the photon source reconstruction can be expected for the energy range around 3 – 5 MeV, provided that a spatial resolution of 3 mm can be reached in the absorbing scintillator [1]. Therefore, particular effort was dedicated to characterize this latter property as a function of the γ-ray energy. Intense, tightly collimated 137Cs and 60Co photon sources were used for 2D irradiation scans (step size 0.5 mm) as prerequisite for studying the performance of the “k-Nearest-Neighbors” algorithm developed at TU Delft [2] (together with its variant ”Categorical Average Pattern”, CAP) and extending its applicability into the energy range beyond the original 511 keV. In this paper we present our most recent interaction position analysis in the absorbing scintillator, leading to a considerably improved value for the spatial resolution: systematic studies were performed as a function of the k-NN parameters and the PMT segmentation. A trend of improving spatial resolution with increasing photon energy was confirmed, resulting in the realization of the presently optimum spatial resolution of 2.9(1) mm @1.3 MeV, thus reaching the design specifications of the Compton camera absorber. The specification goal was reached also for a reduced PMT segmentation of 8x8 anode segments (each with 6x6 mm2 active area), thus allowing to reduce the complexity of the signal processing while preserving the performance.
Microfluidic drive for flexible brain implants
Authors: Gopalakrishnaiah Shubratha Koralagundi , Joseph Kevin , Hofmann Ulrich G.
Published: September 2017

Flexible polyimide probes, used for neuronal signal acquisition, are thought to reduce signal deteriorating gliosis, improving the quality of recordings in brain machine interfacing applications. These probes suffer from the disadvantage that they cannot penetrate brain tissue on their own, owing to their limited stiffness and low buckling forces. A microfluidic device as an external micro-drive which aids in the insertion of flexible polyimide neural probes in 0.6% Agarose gel is presented here.
Development of a microstent system for minimally invasive glaucoma surgery
Authors: Siewert Stefan , Schmidt Wolfram , Kaule Sebastian , Kohse Stefanie , Stiehm Michael , Kopp Franziska , Stahnke Thomas , Guthoff Rudolf , Grabow Niels , Schmitz Klaus-Peter
Published: September 2017

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. An increased intraocular pressure (IOP) is known as major risk factor. Currently, drainage devices that are implanted by means of minimally invasive glaucoma surgery (MIGS) represent a promising approach for IOP low-ering. Commercially available devices for MIGS suffer from unregulated drainage involving ocular hypotony. Further-more, long term drainage capability of current devices is limited by fibrotic encapsulation processes. Therefore, our group focusses on the development of a valved drug-eluting microstent for MIGS. Within the current work, we developed two alternative injector devices for minimally invasive mi-crostent implantation. Both injector devices were based on a cannula in which the microstent is loaded and a mandrel inside the cannula. Injector device A is designed to push the microstent out of the cannula and injector device B is de-signed to withdraw the cannula above the microstent. Manu-facturing of injector devices was conducted using rapid prototyping. Simplified polymeric microstents were manu-factured from polycarbonate based silicone elastomer. Simulated use was performed in a silicone eye model. The presented injector devices were suitable for minimally in-vasive ab interno microstent implantation into suprachoroidal space. Ongoing miniaturization of the microstent system will allow the use of a 22 G cannula in future ex vivo experiments.
Domain topology of human Rasal
Authors: Cuellar Jorge , Valpuesta José María , Wittinghofer Alfred , Sot Begoña
Published: September 2017

Rasal is a modular multi-domain protein of the GTPase-activating protein 1 (GAP1) family; its four known members, GAP1m, Rasal, GAP1IP4BPand Capri, have a Ras GTPase-activating domain (RasGAP). This domain supports the intrinsically slow GTPase activity of Ras by actively participating in the catalytic reaction. In the case of Rasal, GAP1IP4BPand Capri, their remaining domains are responsible for converting the RasGAP domains into dual Ras- and Rap-GAPs, via an incompletely understood mechanism. Although Rap proteins are small GTPase homologues of Ras, their catalytic residues are distinct, which reinforces the importance of determining the structure of full-length GAP1 family proteins. To date, these proteins have not been crystallized, and their size is not adequate for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) or for high-resolution cryo-electron microscopy (cryoEM). Here we present the low resolution structure of full-length Rasal, obtained by negative staining electron microscopy, which allows us to propose a model of its domain topology. These results help to understand the role of the different domains in controlling the dual GAP activity of GAP1 family proteins.
Cytoskeletal Stability in the Auditory OrganIn Vivo: RhoA Is Dispensable for Wound Healing but Essential for Hair Cell Development
Authors: Anttonen Tommi , Belevich Ilya , Laos Maarja , Herranen Anni , Jokitalo Eija , Brakebusch Cord , Pirvola Ulla
Published: September 2017

Wound healing in the inner ear sensory epithelia is performed by the apical domains of supporting cells (SCs). Junctional F-actin belts of SCs are thin during development but become exceptionally thick during maturation. The functional significance of the thick belts is not fully understood. We have studied the role of F-actin belts during wound healing in the developing and adult cochlea of micein vivo. We show that the thick belts serve as intracellular scaffolds that preserve the positions of surviving cells in the cochlear sensory epithelium. Junctions associated with the thick F-actin belts did not readily disassemble during wound healing. To compensate for this, basolateral membranes of SCs participated in the closure of surface breach. Because not only neighboring but also distant SCs contributed to wound healing by basolateral protrusions, this event appears to be triggered by contact-independent diffusible signals. In the search for regulators of wound healing, we inactivatedRhoAin SCs, which, however, did not limit wound healing.RhoAinactivation in developing outer hair cells (OHCs) caused myosin II delocalization from the perijunctional domain and apical cell-surface enlargement. These abnormalities led to the extrusion of OHCs from the epithelium. These results demonstrate the importance of stability of the apical domain, both in wound repair by SCs and in development of OHCs, and that only this latter function is regulated byRhoA. Because the correct cytoarchitecture of the cochlear sensory epithelium is required for normal hearing, the stability of cell apices should be maintained in regenerative and protective interventions.
Testing Common Misconceptions about the Nature of Human Racial Variation
Authors: Hubbard Amelia R.
Published: September 2017

Race is a hot-button topic in American society, but one that needs to be addressed in the biological science curriculum. This paper examines how college students in a large introductory course came to understand race through the exploration of four key concepts about the nature of human biological and genetic variation. Using clicker data collected from four courses (n = 296), change in starting and ending understanding of content was compared using paired t-tests and mean difference scores. Results indicate statistically significant improvement in student understanding of common fallacies of the “biological race concept” after a single exposure to content.
Use of U.S. Census Bureau Data to Expose Students to Dynamic Population Growth
Authors: Lampert Evan
Published: September 2017

Global human population size and understanding how it has changed and will change in the future are important concepts for students. Here I describe exercises that use online databases provided by the U.S. Census Bureau to show students how both population size and the rate of change vary over time. In the first exercise, the U.S. population clock is used to calculate daily birth, death, and migrant and death rates, and how the world population clock is used to calculate the rate of change. These rates can be used to predict what the population size would be if the rates remained unchanged for a predetermined time interval. In the second exercise, historical data are used to determine the years with the most change in U.S. and world population size, then calculate how much larger the current population would be if those historical rates of change remained constant. These exercises have improved quantitative literacy while showing students current and historical trends in human population.
Advances in risk-oriented surgery for multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2
Authors: Machens Andreas , Dralle Henning
Published: September 2017

Genetic association studies hinge on definite clinical case definitions of the disease of interest. This is why more penetrant mutations were overrepresented in early multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN2) studies, whereas less penetrant mutations went underrepresented. Enrichment of genetic association studies with advanced disease may produce a flawed understanding of disease evolution, precipitating far-reaching surgical strategies like bilateral total adrenalectomy and 4-gland parathyroidectomy in MEN2. The insight into the natural course of the disease gleaned over the past 25 years caused a paradigm shift in MEN2: from the removal of target organs at the expense of greater operative morbidity to close biochemical surveillance and targeted resection of adrenal tumors and hyperplastic parathyroid glands. The lead time provided by early identification of asymptomatic MEN2 carriers under biochemical surveillance delimits a ‘window of opportunity’, within which (i) pre-emptive total thyroidectomy alone is adequate, circumventing morbidity attendant to central node dissection; (ii) subtotal ‘tissue-sparing’ adrenalectomy is sufficient, trading the risk of steroid dependency for the risk of a second pheochromocytoma in the adrenal remnant and (iii) parathyroidectomy is limited to enlarged glands, trading the risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism for the risk of leaving behind hyperactive parathyroid glands. Future research should delineate further the mutation-specific, age-dependent penetrance of pheochromocytoma and primary hyperparathyroidism to refine the risk-oriented approach to MEN2. The sweeping changes in the management of MEN2 since the new millenium hold the hope that death and major morbidity from this uncommon disease can be eliminated in our lifetime.
Bosques, fincas y ciudades. Un acercamiento al proceso socio-metabólico de apropiación en la Región Norte de Costa Rica (1909-1955)
Authors: Goebel Mc Dermott Anthony
Published: September 2017

Desde la perspectiva del metabolismo social, el proceso sociometabólico de apropiación se constituye en la forma primaria de intercambio entre la sociedad humana y la naturaleza. En este proceso, las sociedades se apropian de materiales, energías y servicios requeridos por los seres humanos y sus artefactos, desarticulando o desorganizando los ecosistemas y reorganizándolos con fines productivos. A partir de estas premisas, el presente análisis procuró dar cuenta de las principales transformaciones socio-ecológicas que tuvieron lugar en la Región Norte de Costa Rica, caracterizada por una incorporación lenta, tardía e incompleta al proyecto económico, social y político emanado desde el Valle Central. La explotación forestal primero, y la ganadería después, ambas actividades con una clara vocación comercial, se constituyeron en las alternativas económicas predominantes en la región, aún con marcadas diferencias intrarregionales. Esta “apropiación mercantilista” de la naturaleza, que se instauró desde los propios inicios de la colonización efectiva del territorio, trajo consigo profundas consecuencias ecológicas y ambientales, como la pérdida de biodiversidad, la simplificación de los ecosistemas, el empobrecimiento de nutrientes de los suelos, la reducción de las funciones ecológicas del bosque y, en general, la degradación de los ecosistemas.
Las luchas contra la empresa ALCOA. Un intento de síntesis interpretativa (1969-1970)
Authors: Cerdas Albertazzi José Manuel
Published: September 2017

El artículo aborda un acontecimiento histórico poco estudiado, pero muchas veces aludido. Para ello se intenta ofrecer, de manera preliminar, una síntesis interpretativa y una caracterización de la movilización opuesta al contrato-ley entre el Estado costarricense y la Aluminium Company of America (ALCOA), cuyo protagonista principal fue el componente estudiantil universitario. Tal investigación se hace mediante la descripción y el análisis del movimiento, indagando causas, composición, formas de acción, discursividades y consecuencias. Además, se analizan las principales respuestas dadas -mediante acciones y discursividades- por parte de contendientes nacionales del movimiento: los entes gubernamentales y los medios de comunicación.
Guatemala por Fernando Sétimo: Crisis dinástica, juegos de lealtad y afirmación del poder local en una relación de fiestas
Authors: Sánchez Mora Alexánder
Published: September 2017

La proclamación de Fernando VII en la ciudad de Guatemala legó, de la pluma de Antonio Juarros, unos de los más completos ejemplares del género literario de la relación de fiestas. Guatemala por Fernando Sétimo el día 12 de diciembre de 1808, es tanto una síntesis de los complejos acontecimientos políticos que enfrentó el imperio español a raíz de la invasión francesa de la península ibérica como una muestra de las transformaciones que experimentó la retórica de la lealtad que había operado durante el período barroco a ambos lados del Atlántico.
Reseña de libro La educación en Costa Rica. De la época colonial al presente, de Iván Molina Jiménez
Authors: Díaz Arias David
Published: September 2017

El monumental libro de Iván Molina Jiménez sobre historia de la educación en Costa Rica viene a beber de aquellas cuatro tradiciones y, al leerlas, cuestionarlas, integrarlas y abordar nuevas fuentes y nuevos períodos, y proponer nuevas preguntas, ha producido una quinta forma de acercamiento a esta problemática tan fundamental para entender el país. ¿Es la definitiva? Esta obra abarca un período de tiempo que explora cinco siglos -va de 1580 al 2016- y está dividida en dos grandes partes, cada una de ellas integrada por cinco capítulos.
Pressekooperationen nach der 9. GWB-Novelle
Authors: Haus Florian C. , Schmidt Fabian
Published: September 2017

Der Gesetzgeber der 9. GWB-Novelle hat eine vergleichsweise weitreichende Ausnahme vom Kartellverbot für wettbewerbsbeschränkende Kooperationen von Presseunternehmen geregelt. Vereinbarungen zwischen Zeitungs- oder Zeitschriftenverlagen über eine verlagswirtschaftliche Zusammenarbeit unterfallen nicht mehr dem Kartellverbot, wenn sie dazu dienen (sollen), die wirtschaftliche Basis der Beteiligten im intermedialen Wettbewerb zu stärken. Ausgenommen hiervon sind Kooperationen im redaktionellen Bereich. Diese gesetzliche Erlaubnis wird allein begrenzt durch den Vorrang des europäischen Kartellrechts, dessen Anwendung an die Zwischenstaatlichkeitsklausel des Art. 101 Abs. 1 AEUV anknüpft. Die Neuregelung sieht zudem ein besonderes Antragsverfahren beim Bundeskartellamt zur Bestätigung der Kartellfreiheit einer konkreten Kooperation vor. Der nachfolgende Beitrag analysiert die Neuregelung und prüft dabei einige Praxisbeispiele.
Wenn Marktbeherrscher überhöhte Preise fordern dürfen
Authors: Steinvorth Till
Published: September 2017

Am 24. 1. 2017 hat der BGH in der Sache „Kabelkanalanlagen“ ein Urteil gefällt, das beim ersten Hinsehen einen speziellen Fall eines Unternehmenserwerbs im regulierten Bereich des Telekommunikationsrechts betrifft und kaum zu Verallgemeinerungen taugt. Auf den zweiten Blick zeigt sich jedoch, dass die zentrale Frage des Falls in der Praxis mannigfaltig auftritt und weder auf bestimmte Branchen noch auf Unternehmenserwerbe beschränkt ist. Es ist die Frage, ob ein Anbieter der Missbrauchskontrolle des § 19 GWB unterfällt, wenn seine Abnehmer nach dem Erwerb eines Produkts auf weitere Materialien des Anbieters angewiesen sind. Üblicherweise taucht diese Frage im Zusammenhang mit Ersatzteilen, Zubehör oder Verbrauchsmaterialien auf. Vorliegend zeigt sie sich bei der Miete von Kabelkanälen für die Unterbringung von Breitbandkabeln.
Las contrapartidas incongruentes y el cuerpo propio en el idealismo trascendental de Kant
Authors: Oroño Matías Hernán
Published: September 2017

Se defiende la tesis de que la teoría kantiana del espacio, en el contexto del idealis-mo trascendental, constituye un marco adecuado para solucionar la paradoja de las contrapartidas incongruentes. Se incluyen dos hipótesis: a) la solución kantiana implica una referencia a la conciencia de la propia corporalidad, para comprender cómo poseemos la capacidad para orientarnos en el espacio; b) no existe contradicción en el uso kantiano de las contrapartidas incongruentes en diferentes estadios de su pensamiento. La solución kantiana de 1768 constituye una versión germinal del desarrollo que culminará en la teoría idealista trascendental acerca del espacio como una forma de nuestra sensibilidad.
Suicidio soberano y suicidio patológico
Authors: Neira Hernán
Published: September 2017

Al definir “suicidio”, la Real Academia Española toma una opción filosófica que se aleja de algunos propósitos y puntos de vista de la salubridad pública, y acentúa su carácter de actividad íntima que realiza un sujeto capaz de acción. Los límites del concepto no son claros; hay un continuo entre el suicidio y encontrar la muerte por causa natural, accidental o conducta de riesgo. Pero el suicidio solo puede ser fruto de un acto soberano, de modo que quien esté privado de voluntad no es un suicida. Esto permite discutir los planteamientos de B. Spinoza e I. Kant, así como algunas posturas de sanidad pública que no ven ese carácter soberano del suicidio.
La moral y la ambivalencia de los bienes. Un análisis básico para la teoría de la justicia social
Authors: Alegría Varona Ciro
Published: September 2017

Contra el esencialismo de las concepciones de la justicia social como desarrollo, se sostiene que los bienes se configuran siempre en relaciones recíprocas, nunca de manera objetiva e impersonal. El núcleo deontológico de la moral reside en la crítica de las formas de actuary reposa en una ontología natural, mientras que el amplio conjunto de creencias normativas que llamamos ética se basa en la crítica de los bienes y presupone una ontología dialéctica. Revelar que toda cosa buena es ambivalente, es la forma ética -y antigua- de reflexión práctica. La formación de bienes, fines y valores razonables acontece en el terreno de los intercambios recíprocos.
Kant y la “revolución del modo de pensar” (KrV B XI): el significado metodológico general y el significado metafísico específico, analizados desde una perspectiva sistemática e histórico-evolutiva
Authors: Moledo Fernando
Published: September 2017

En el prólogo a la segunda edición de la Crítica de la razón pura, ¿qué ha querido decir Kant con una “revolución del modo de pensar” que se debe aplicar a la meta-física para que tome el camino de la ciencia? Cabe distinguir dos significados: uno de carácter metodológico, que asume que el conocimiento rige a los objetos y ten-dría alcance. Aplicada a la metafísica, supone una transformación más profunda que permite hablar, en segundo lugar, de un significado metafísico específico, que implica que el conocimiento constituye aquello mismo a lo que se llama el objeto de las representaciones.
Ansiedad realista: diagnóstico y tratamiento. Respuesta a Ávila
Authors: Duica William
Published: September 2017

El artículo responde algunas críticas planteadas por Ignacio Ávila a mi interpretación de la epistemología davidsoniana. Presento argumentos en contra de: a) que sea necesario distinguir entre representaciones epistemológicamente “peligrosas”e “inofensivas”; b) que el empirismo mínimo sea un tipo de realismo directo; c) que mi uso de la expresión “evidencia distal” y el interés por la teoría de la correspondencia sean asuntos ajenos a Davidson. Finalmente, sostengo que la triangulación es un elemento fundamental de la epistemología davidsoniana, pues permite sortear la ansiedad realista manteniéndose en una postura no representacionalista.
BIOLOGI POPULASI RAJUNGAN(Portunus pelagicus) DI PERAIRANSEKITARWILAYAHPATI, JAWATENGAH
Authors: Ernawati Tri , Boer Mennofatria , Yonvitner Yonvitner
Published: September 2017

Rajungan (Portunus pelagicus) adalah salah satu komoditas perikanan yang sudah banyak dieksploitasi oleh nelayan tradisional. Penangkapan yang berlebihan merupakan salah satu penyebab menurunnya populasi alamidari rajungan. Kondisi tersebut dikhawatirkan akanmengancamkelestarian dan keberlanjutan pemanfaatannya, sehingga perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang aspek biologi populasi rajungan untuk tujuan pengelolaan yang rasional di wilayah Pati. Penelitian dilakukan di perairan Pati dan sekitarnya sejak bulan Januari 2012 sampai dengan Maret 2013. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui rata-rata ukuran pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) dan matang gonad (Lm), sifat pertumbuhan, musim pemijahan dan jumlah telur individu betina rajungan. Data biologi rajungan yang dikumpulkan terdiri dari: ukuran lebar karapas, berat, jenis kelamin dan tingkat kematangan gonad betina. Hasil penelitian diperoleh bahwa sebaran hasil tangkapan pada substrat yang berbeda relatif sama (ñ > 0.05). Ukuran rata-rata lebar karapas rajungan pertama kali tertangkap (Lc) oleh bubu lipat adalah 108 mm. Ukuran rata-rata lebar karapas rajungan pertama kali matang gonad (Lm) adalah 107 mm. Sifat pertumbuhanrajungan jantan dan betina adalah lebih cepat pertambahan bobot dibandingkan lebar karapasnya.Nisbah kelamin pada musim barat relatif seimbang (ñ < 0.05). Nisbah kelamin pada musim timur relatif tidak seimbang (ñ < 0.05). Reproduks terjadi sepanjang tahun. Jumlah total telur individu betina berkisar antara 351.214 sampai 1.347.029 butir dengan rata-rata 957.196 butir.Blue Swimming crab (Portunus pelagicus) was one of fisheries commodity, intensively exploited by artisanal fisheries. Overfishing was caused of declining natural populations of crabs. Its was feared to threaten the preservation and sustainability of utilization. So it was necessary doing research on biological aspects of crab populations for the purpose of rational management in the region Pati. The study was conducted in Pati and surrounding waters from January 2012 toMarch 2013. The research were aimed to determine the mean size at first capture (Lc) and mean size at gonad maturity (Lm), growth characteristic, spawning season and fecundity of individual females crabs. Collecting crab biological data consists of: carapace width, weight, sex and maturity stage female gonads. The result showed that catch distribution on different substrates was not different (ñ>0,05). The mean size of crabs’s carapace width at first capture (Lc) by collapsible traps was 108 mm. The meansize at first mature of female crabs (Lm) was 107 mm. The growth type of male and female crab were positive allometric. Its means that gain of weight was rapidly than carapace width of crabs. Sex ratio between male andfemale inWest season was relative balanced but in East season was not balanced (ñ < 0.05). Spawning season of blue swimming crab is throughout the year. The total fecundity ranged from 351,214 – 1,347,029 eggs whichmean 957,196 eggs.
DISTRIBUSI SPASIO-TEMPORAL POPULASI RAJUNGAN (Portunus pelagicus) BETINA MENGERAMI TELUR DI PERAIRAN PESISIR LAMPUNG TIMUR
Authors: Zairion Zairion , Wardianto Yusli , Fahrudin Achmad , Boer Mennofatria
Published: September 2017

Distribusi spasio-temporal populasi rajungan betina yang mengerami telur (BEF) telah dikaji di perairan pesisir Lampung Timur. Penelitian dilakukan pada tiga stratifikasi kedalaman perairan: <5 m (strata S1), antara 5-10 m (strata S2), dan >10 m (strata S3) serta empat sub-area (A1-A4) di setiap stratum dari bulan Maret 2012-Februari 2013. Kelimpahan populasi rajungan BEF diindikasikan dengan proporsi rajungan BEF/betina tidak mengerami telur (NBF) dan BEF/total individu. Perbedaan proporsi dianalisis dengan uji ANOVA satu arah. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa proporsi rajungan BEF bervariasi secara spasial, ditemukan mulai dari strata S1 dan meningkat ke strata S3. Daerah pemijahan dan pembiakan yang dominan terdapat pada kedalaman air >5 m dan di sub-area A2 dan A3. Secara agregat, BEF ditemukan sepanjang tahun dengan dua puncak kelimpahan (Mei dan September-Oktober) sebagai puncakmusimpemijahan dan pembiakan. Proporsi rajungan BEF secara spasio temporal tumpang tindih dengan daerah penangkapan rajungan pada hampir semua musim. Diperlukan strategi pengelolaan pemanfataan yang sesuai untukmenunjang keberhasilan reproduksi, diantaranya penangkapan menggunakan alat yang dapat mempertahankan BEF dalam keadaan hidup selama terperangkap, kemudian melepaskannya atau memeliharanya di area tertentu sampai menetaskan telurnya sehingga dapat meningkatkan produksi larva dan pada akhirnya dapat mempertahankan populasi dan stok.Spatial-temporal distribution of berried females (BEFs) Portunus pelagicus was studied in East Lampung coastal waters. An investigation was conducted at three water depth stratifications, i.e., less than 5 m (stratum S1), between 5-10 m (stratum S2) and more than 10 m (stratum S3), as well as four sub-areas (A1 A4) in each of stratifications from March 2012 to February 2013. The abundance of BEF population was indicated by their proportion to non-berried females (NBFs) and to the total individual crabs, while the differences among the results were tested by one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the proportions of BEFs varied spatially, increased from stratum S1 to S3. Spawning and breeding seemed to dominantly occur at water depth more than 5 m and A2 and A3 sub-areas. BEFs were found throughout the year with two peaks of its occurrence, i.e. in May and in September to October, and those months were considered as peak of spawning and breeding seasons. The spatial and temporal occurrence of BEFs overlapped with crab fishing grounds in most fishing seasons. An appropriate fisheries management strategy is required for their reproduction success. Capturing crab by using eco-friendly fishing gear that render caught BEFs alive and releasing them or keeping them in certain area for hatching their eggs would enhance larvae production to maintain population and stock.
KONDISI HIPOKSIA DAN LAJU DEKOMPOSISI BAHAN ORGANIK DI LOKASI BUDIDAYA IKAN WADUK IR.H. DJUANDA
Authors: Astuti Lismining Pujiyani , Adiwilaga Enan Mulyana , Setiawan Budi Indra , Pratiwi Niken Tanjung Murti
Published: September 2017

Waduk Ir. H. Djuanda merupakan waduk multi fungsi yang salah satunya adalah untuk kegiatan budidaya ikan.Adanya input pakan dari kegiatan budidaya dapat menyebabkan peningkatan bahan organik dan penurunan konsentrasi oksigen terlarut. Kegiatan budidaya ikan dalam karamba jaring apung (KJA) menyumbang bahan organik ke perairan yang laju dekomposisinya (k) (per hari) dipengaruhi oleh suhu perairan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kedalaman hipoksia di lokasi karamba jaring apung untuk budidaya ikan diWaduk Ir. H. Djuanda dan pengaruh suhu terhadap besarnya laju dekomposisi bahan organik (k). Penelitian kondisi hipoksia dilakukan diWaduk Ir. H Djuanda dan selanjutnya pengamatan BOD untuk penentuan laju dekomposisi bahan organik di Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Pemulihan dan Konservasi Sumberdaya Ikan pada bulan Februari–April 2013. Penentuan kondisi hipoksia berdasaran Peraturan Pemerintah Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 Tahun 2001 dan penentuan laju dekomposisi berdasarkan Least SquareMethod. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kedalaman hipoksia dimulai pada kedalaman 3 m dan laju dekomposisi bahan organik (k) tertinggi pada suhu 28,5 °C yaitu sebesar 0,189/hari.Ir H. Djuanda Reservoir is a multi-purpose reservoirs, one of which is for fisheries culture activity. Feed inputs from aquaculture activities can lead to an increase in organic matter and a decrease in dissolved oxygen concentration. Cultivation of fish in floating cage net contributing organic material into waters which the rate of organic matter decomposition (k) (per day) is affected by water temperature. The purpose of this study was to know the depth of hypoxia in floating cage net for fisheries culture in the Ir. H. Djuanda Reservoir and the effect of temperature on the amount of organic matter decomposition rates (k). Observation of hypoxic conditions was conducted in Ir. H Djuanda Reservoir and furthermore observation of BOD to determine the rate of organic matter decomposition at Research Institute for Rehabilitation and Conservation of Fish Resources laboratory in February-April, 2013. Determination of hypoxic conditions based on Government Regulation of the Republic Indonesia Number 81 Year 2001 and the determination of the rate of decomposition based on Least Square Method. The results showed that the depth of hypoxia began at a depth of 3 m and the higher of decomposition rate of organic matter (k) was 0.189/day at temperature 28.5 ° C.
KORELASI PARAMETER MORFOMETRIK, NISBAH KELAMIN DAN KOMPOSISI UKURAN IKAN PEDANG (Xiphias gladius L.) DI SAMUDERA HINDIA
Authors: Setyadji Bram , Nugraha Budi
Published: September 2017

Model pengkajian stok melalui data frekuensi panjang lebih banyak digunakan karena data tersebut paling banyak tersedia dan mudah didapatkan dibandingkan data pengukuran jaringan keras (sisik, otolith, sirip dan tulang belakang) dan tagging. Khusus untuk ikan pedang, data panjang yang tersedia sebagian besar tidak standar dikarenakan ikan pedang yang tertangkap langsung diproses di laut yang mana bagian kepala, sirip, isi perut dibuang. Oleh karena itu dibutuhkan persamaan empiris untuk konversi dari ukuran non-standar ke standar sehingga bisa digunakan sebagai basis data pengkajian stok yang berbasis data tersebut. Data primer merupakan hasil observasi laut selama kurun waktuMaret 2011 sampai dengan Desember 2013, sedangkan data sekunder merupakan data observasi ilmiah Loka Penelitian Perikanan Tuna periode 2005-2013. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara beberapa parametermorfometrik ikan pedang yang diukur yakni panjang dari pangkal sirip dada ke ujung lekukan tengah sirip ekor (LJFL), panjang dari mata ke ujung lekukan tengah sirip ekor (EFL) dan panjang dari ujung rahang bawah ke ujung lekukan tengah sirip ekor (PFL) (R2 > 0,97; P < 0,01), akan tetapi tidak ada perbedaan yang nyata antara morfometri ikan pedang dan jenis kelamin (EFL-LJFL, P > 0,05 dan PFL-LJFL, P > 0,05). Hubungan antara nisbah kelamin dengan panjang ikan signifikan (Nisbah Kelamin = 0,0175 LJFL – 3,1001; n = 6, selang kelas 5 cm; P < 0,01) yang mana ikan pedang dengan ukuran lebih dari 260 cmadalah betina.Stock assessment models using length frequency data are more frequently used by Indonesian scientist due to its availability and easily obtained rather than skeletal parts or tagging data. As for swordfish most of the data vailable are not in standard form because most of swordfish landed are usually dressed at sea with various ways, so the length measurement are possible done afterward. There fore conversion among different length measurements is a necessity for assessment and management purposes. Primary data was collected from scientific observer program conducted between March 2011 and December 2013, while secondary data was obtained from 2005-2013. The results showed that the models are fit quite well for Lower Jaw Fork Length (LJFL), Eye Orbit Fork Length (EOFL) and Pectoral Fork Length (PFL) (R2> 0.97; P < 0.01) and there was no significant relationship between morphometric and sex (EFL-LJFL, P > 0.05 and PFL-LJFL, P > 0.05). Correlation between sex ratio and body size proved to be significant with nearly all of the swordfish >260 cm was female.
HUBUNGAN ANTARA KELIMPAHAN MEROPLANKTON DENGAN KUALITAS PERAIRAN DI TELUK JAKARTA
Authors: Nastiti Adriani Sri , Putri Masayu Rahmia Anwar , Hartati Sri Turni
Published: September 2017

Meroplankton adalah organisme akuatik yang sebagian dari daur hidupnya bersifat planktonik dan merupakan fase paling kritis karena belum dapat menghindar dari predator. Untuk tumbuh, meroplankton membutuhkan kualitas perairan yang sesuai dan kawasan yang terlindung. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memperoleh data dan informasi kelimpahan meroplankton dan kualitas perairan di Teluk Jakarta. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada bulan April, Juni, Agustus dan Oktober 2009 (10 stasiun) serta April dan Juni 2010 (5 stasiun) dengan metode stratified sampling. Hasil identifikasi menunjukkan bahwa meroplankton di Teluk Jakarta tahun 2009, 2010 terdiri dari 4 kelompok yaitu:ikan, telur, udang dan kepiting. Komposisi meroplankton di Teluk Jakarta pada tahun 2009 dan 2010 didominasi oleh larva udang masing-masing sebesar 56,17-90,40 % dan 72,1-75,5 %. Kelimpahan larva udang tahun 2014 lebih rendah dibanding tahun 2009-2010. Kelimpahan larva udang dipengaruhi oleh pH, salinitas, kecerahan dan suhu air.Meroplankton are aquatic organisms that part of their life cycles was planktonic that need appropriate environmental conditions and protected area for escaping from predators. The research aims to examine the composition and abundance of meroplankton in Jakarta Bay. Sampling was conducted in Jakarta Bay on April, June, August and October 2009 (10 stations) and April and June 2010 (5 stations). The samples of meroplankton collected by stratified sampling method. The results showed that meroplankton in Jakarta Bay in 2009, 2010 consists of 4 groups: fish, eggs, shrimp and crab. Composition meroplankton in Jakarta Bay in 2009 and 2010 was dominated by shrimp larvae by 56.17-90.40% and from 72.1-75.5% respectively. The abundance of shrimp larvae probably correlated with pH, salinity, terbudity and temperature of the water.