bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Regression Analysis of Biogas Production from the Co-Digestion of Water Hyacinth and Pig Dung
Authors: Ojo Ochuko M , Babatola Josiah O , Akinola Adebisi O
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study is to determine the best mix of water hyacinth (WH) to be co-digested with pig dung (PD) in order to maximize biogas production in terms of quantity. 11 mix ratios of WH to PD were evaluated and each experimental run was assessed over a period of 40 days. The data obtained were analyzed using regression analysis and non-linear parameter estimation model. From the results obtained, 3 WH: 7 PD co-digestion mix recorded the highest daily yield of 9.5 L of biogas on the 20th day, starting its gas production on the 3rd day and ending on the 34th day. The results also showed that WH single-substrate digestion produced a cumulative biogas volume of 32.18 L which corresponds to 5.14 L/kg of WH and PD single-substrate digestion produced a cumulative gas volume of 94.47 L corresponding to 15.1 L/kg of PD. 3 WH: 7 PD had the highest cumulative gas volume of 140 L which corresponds to 22.45 L/kg. Similarly, the highest maximum biogas production rate of 9.874057 L/day was observed for the 3 WH: 7 PD co-digestion mix and this was recorded on the 17th day of digestion. From the results obtained the best mix of the PD-aided WH digestion is 3 WH: 7 PD.Keywords— Biogas, Co-digestion, Cumulative, Pig Dung, Water Hyacinth
Wireless Network Planning and Optimal Radio Placement Using Egly Empirical Model
Authors: Abolade Olatilewa R , Oyedeji Ajibola , Osifeko Martins , Adekoya Oluwatobi
Published: June 2020

Path loss and outages are crucial in networking and need to be put into consideration in wireless network planning. The recommendation of a network layout for a particular area should be given careful thought and analysis. Preparing the design of wireless communication networks require a detailed understanding of radio propagation over the specific environment. In general, there are two basic problems of multipath fading of the radio link and interference from other users in the cellular reuse environment. In this paper, Egly propagation model was used for network planning and management to achieve optimum resource usage and minimize outages by effectively reducing path loss through empirical transmitter and receiver placement. Keywords- Empirical Model, Network Planning, Path Loss, Radio Placement
Development of a Solar Aided Crib for Drying and Storage of Maize Cobs
Authors: Falayi Folayan R , Benjamin Ojo
Published: June 2020

The aim of this study was to design, construct and evaluate the performance of solar aided crib for storage of freshly harvested maize (Zea mays) in a humid tropical climate. A crib with two drying chambers of size 600 mm x 685 mm x 1500 mm with moisture emission chamber of 600 mm x 115 mm x 1500 mm was designed, constructed and evaluated using appropriate design procedures at the department of Agricultural and Environmental Engineering, Federal University of Technology, Akure, Ondo State, Nigeria. The roof of the crib is made of perspex which transmits the sun's energy into stored maize in the crib for effective drying purpose. The crib was raised at 50 mm above the ground surface and wire netted against rodents. It has two doors for easy loading and off-loading. Freshly harvested Maize weighing 500 kg of 30.5% moisture content (wet basis) was stored for three months. Moisture content of the maize was taken on weekly basis while relative humidity and temperature were measured on daily basis. Readings were taken at three positions (top, middle and bottom) in apertures that were made in those positions but were immediately covered up at the end of every reading.  The ambient temperatures varied from 20.90C to 380C and also relative humidity varied from 41% to 91% throughout the period of the experiment. The moisture content at the point of storage was 30.5 % but was reduced to 4 % after three months. The final weight of maize in cobs was 362 kg which implied that the Perspex roof significantly aided in the drying process. The structure is structurally balanced and there was no grain deterioration either by fungal invasion or insects attack during the storage period. Keywords: Crib, Drying, Moisture content, Storage, Temperature
Development of a Sludge Dewatering Filter and Utilization of Dried Sludge in Brick Making
Authors: Ewemoje Oluseyi E , Bademosi Tinuadeji T
Published: June 2020

These A dewatering filter was designed and constructed to dewater sludge collected from Eleyele waterworks using slow sand filtration. Washed sand passing through sieve mesh size of 1.18 mm was used as the filter media. The flow rate of the filtrate was monitored for six (6) days and readings were taken at 30-minute intervals for 6 hours after each sludge loading of 15 L. The dewatered and dried sludge was investigated for use as brick material. The sludge and laterite samples were characterized using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy. The major chemical components of  the sludge and laterite samples were silicon, aluminium and iron oxides. The laterite soil sample consisted of 60.47% SiO2, 17.77% Al2O3 and 8.18% Fe2O3 while the sludge sample consisted of 52.98% SiO2, 29.46% Al2O3 and 3.63% Fe2O3. Batching method by weight was used in mixing the materials in the ratios of sludge at 0%, 15% and 30% to produce laboratory scale bricks with dimensions of 70 mm by 70 mm by 70 mm and the properties of the bricks were investigated. The average compressive strength of the laterite bricks with dried sludge content of 0%, 15% and 30% were 3.15 N/mm2, 3.08 N/mm2 and 2.64 N/mm2, respectively. The results of this research demonstrated that a locally constructed sludge dewatering filter can be used to thicken waterworks sludge and laterite-sludge can be made from dewatered water works sludge.Keywords—Compressive strength, bricks, filter, media slow sand filtration, waterworks sludge
Performance Evaluation of Manhattan and Euclidean Distance Measures For Clustering Based Automatic Text Summarization
Authors: Salihu Shakirat A , Onyekwere Ifeoma P , Mabayoje Modinat A , Mojeed Hammed A
Published: June 2020

In the past few years, there has been an explosion in the amount of text data from a variety of sources. This volume of text is a valuable source of information and knowledge which needs to be effectively summarized to be useful. In this paper, automatic text summarization with K-means clustering techniques is presented by employing two different distance measurement methods (Euclidean and Manhattan). The dataset extracted from African prose was preprocessed using stopwords removal and tokenization. The preprocessed document is converted into vector representation using tf-idf technique and k-means clustering is applied using Euclidean and Manhattan distance measures to generate summary. There are different distance measures for k-means which has been used in several works. However, there is dearth of work on the performance evaluation of these distance measures in text summarization. The experimental analysis was performed on Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis (WEKA). The results obtained showed that the Euclidean variation produced an extractive summary of sentences amounting to 72% from three different clusters while the Manhattan variation produced an extractive summary of sentences that made up 94% of the total document all in one cluster using compression ratio as the performance metric.  Keywords— Text summarization, Euclidean distance, k-means clustering, Manhattan distance
Performance Evaluation of Selected Cost Functions in Non Negative Matrix Factorization Based Decomposition of Acoustic Mixture
Authors: Adewusi Adeoluwawale , Amusa Kamoli A , Are Aliu S
Published: June 2020

Interaction of acoustic signals when several audio sources are active simultaneously results in the disturbance of estimation of an individual source by co-occurring sounds. Data decomposition therefore constitutes one of the core tasks in monaural source separation.  Particularly, in semi-supervised learning approach, viable means of achieving this is through the application of Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF). Owing to a paucity of information on the application of this method, especially in a speech system, evaluation of some cost functions in NMF-based monaural speech decomposition was investigated in this study. A generalized gradient descent algorithm is derived for the minimization while three cost functions: Euclidean Distance, Kullback-Leibler Divergence and Itakura-Saito divergences are applied to the derived separation NMF algorithm.  These divergences are evaluated using experimental data while the performance of each of these is evaluated based on the cost values and convergence rate. Itakura-Saito divergence yields optimal performance over the other two divergences for given number of iterations and number of channels. Keywords— Cost functions, non-negative matrix factorization, speech separation, evaluation
A Modified Energy-Efficient Clustering with Splitting and Merging for Wireless Sensor Networks using Cluster-Head Handover Mechanism
Authors: Tekanyi Abdoulie M.S. , Braimoh Jinadu A , Bajoga Buba G
Published: June 2020

Energy efficiency is one of the most important challenges for Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). This is due to the fact that sensor nodes have limited energy capacity. Therefore, the energy of sensor nodes has to be efficiently managed to provide longer lifetime for the network. To reduce energy consumption in WSNs, a modified Energy Efficient Clustering with Splitting and Merging (EECSM) for WSNs using Cluster-Head Handover Mechanism was implemented in this research. The modified model used information of the residual energy of sensor nodes to select backup Cluster Heads (CHs) while maintaining a suitable CH handover threshold to minimize energy consumption in the network. The backup CHs take over the responsibilities of the CHs once the handover threshold is reached. The modified model was validated in terms of network lifetime and residual energy ratio with EECSM using MATLAB R2013a. Average improvements of 7.5% and 50.7% were achieved for the network lifetime and residual energy ratio respectively which indicates a significant reduction in energy consumption of the network nodes. Keywords— Clustering, Energy-Efficiency, Handover, Lifetime, Wireless Sensor Network
Experimental Evaluation of Optimum Water to Air Flow Ratio in an Induced Draft Wet Cooling Tower
Authors: Ahmadu Talib O , Dandajeh Hamisu A
Published: June 2020

Cooling towers are devices used to dissipate waste thermal heat to the ambient environment. Appropriate cooling water and air flow rates are necessary to ensure optimum cooling power and cooling efficiency. Also, a simple design is required for cost effectiveness and minimal maintenance issues. This paper experimentally evaluates the cooling power, cooling efficiency, as well as the optimum water to air flow ratio in a spray type induced draft wet cooling tower. The cooling tower, 6 kW cooling capacity, was developed to operate without packings. The experiments were conducted for three different air flow rates and six different water flow rates. Four different inlet water temperatures of 35, 40, 45 and 50 oC were used. The temperature range is a typical range for inlet water temperature to the cooling tower for an absorption cooling system. For each of the inlet water temperatures, air and water flow rates were varied. The effects of this variation on cooling power and cooling efficiency were studied. Effect of varying water to air flow ratio on cooling power and cooling efficiency were studied. Results showed that the cooling power increased with increasing water flow rate, while the cooling efficiency decreased with increasing water flow rate. Decreasing the air flow rate was seen to cause a decrease in both cooling power and cooling efficiency. Maximum cooling power and cooling efficiency of 5.33 kW and 63% respectively were obtained. An optimum water to air flow ratio of 1.6 was obtained. The cooling tower was seen to have operated satisfactorily without packings. Keywords— cooling tower, cooling power, cooling efficiency, flow ratio, thermal energy
Study of High Viscous Multiphase Flow Using OLGA Flow Simulator
Authors: Baba Yahaya D , Chat Amina S , Aliyu Aliyu M , Okereke Ndubuisi N , Ogunyemi Adebayo , Owolabi John O
Published: June 2020

The continuous depletion of conventional reserves of the world oil and gas has spurred investigation towards the exploration and production from unconventional sources of hydrocarbons such as heavy oil. However, heavy oils are known for their high liquid viscosities making them even more difficult and expensive to produce and transport in pipelines at ambient temperatures. As a consequence of this, a critical understanding of multiphase flow characteristics is vital to aid engineering design it has become imperative to investigate the rheology of high viscosity oils and ways of enhancing its production and transportation. In this study, the characteristics of high viscous oil flows were studied using OLGA flow simulator. A comparison between simulation results from the flow simulator and those of data acquired for high oil-gas viscosity experiments (i.e. for oil viscosity ranging from 0.7-5.0 Pa.s) for two phase flow parameters such liquid holdup and pressure gradient exhibited huge discrepancies and under prediction.    Keywords— High viscosity oil, Liquid holdup, OLGA, Pressure gradient
Effect of Plantain Peel Ash on Gradation and Compaction Characteristics of Tropical Soil
Authors: Ishola Kazeem , Agbolade Ifeoluwa C , Yohanna Paul
Published: June 2020

This study investigated the gradation and compaction properties of lateritic soil treated with plantain peel ash (PPA). PPA was used to improve lateritic soil with up to 10% PPA by dry weight of soil. Tests carried out to include specific gravity, particle size distribution, consistency tests, and compaction (using British Standard light, BSL and West African Standard, WAS) compaction energies. XLSTART 2018 Software was used to develop regression models for the test conducted between the self-determining factors and the dependent factors. The results of the study show that the specific gravity of the soil significantly decreased from its natural value of 2.55 to 2.43 at 4% PPA and thereafter increased to 2.48 at 10 % PPA. The fines content reduced from 59.9 % at the 0 % PPA to 5% at 10% PPA respectively. MDD (BSL and WAS) reduced to 1.76 Mg/m3, 1.84 Mg/m3 at 4%, 6 % PPA content and subsequently increased to 1.91 Mg/m3, 2.0 Mg/m3 at 10 % PPA content respectively. OMC for BSL decreases to 11.8 % at 10 PPA content while WAS was decreased to 8.6 % at10 % PPA content. Regression models for MDD show that self-determining factors, primarily influence the MDD of treated soil. However, in the case of OMC model, Gs and CE with higher coefficients have much more effect on the OMC compared to other variables. Based on the obtained results Gs, CE and PPA significantly affect grading and compaction characteristics of PPA treated the soil.                                                                                      Keywords—Compaction Characteristics, Grading Properties, Lateritic soil, Plantain Peel Ash, Regression Models
Effect of Fuel Properties of Cottonseed Oil Biodiesel on the Performance of Diesel Engine
Authors: Alhassan Aliyu G , Aliyu Abubakar B
Published: June 2020

This paper presents a study on the effect of fuel properties of cottonseed oil biodiesel on the performance of a diesel engine. The fuel properties of a biodiesel determine its effect on the performance of a diesel engine and perhaps, the degree at which it could be considered as a good alternative to the conventional diesel (petro-diesel). In this study, three biodiesel samples were produced from cottonseed oil via transesterification process using three different catalysts (NaOH, CaO, and Nano-CaO), i. e. using single catalyst per sample. The biodiesel samples (denoted by B-NaOH, B-CaO and B-Nano-CaO) were characterized and found to have some differences in their fuel properties. The biodiesel samples (100%) and petro-diesel (for comparison) were tested on a single cylinder Viking Super 165F diesel engine to determine the effects of their properties on performance of the engine. The test results showed that the biodiesel samples gave higher brake thermal efficiencies and higher brake specific fuel consumption compared to petro-diesel at virtually all loads. The results also indicate that B-NaOH biodiesel sample has the highest brake thermal efficiency and lowest brake specific fuel consumption among the biodiesel samples tested. Keywords—Biodiesel, Catalysts, Cottonseed oil, Diesel Engine, Fuel properties, Transesterification.
Impact of the Purdue Improved Cowpea Storage Technology on the Income of Cowpea Farmers in North Central Nigeria
Authors: Bolaji Michael A , Sanni Shukurat A , Damisa Mayaki A , Oladimeji Yusuf U , Kehinde Emmanuel A
Published: June 2020

The objective of the study was to determine the potential impact of Purdue improved cowpea storage (PICS) technology on the income of users in north central states of Nigeria. A multi-stage sampling procedure involved selection of 3 Local Government Areas (LGAs) each from 18 senatorial districts of six states, 108 villages. Thereafter 2,220 cowpea PICs stakeholders comprising 1,240 farmers and 960 traders were randomly selected by balloting technique. The study used primary data and structured questionnaire to interview users and non-users of PICS bag. Descriptive statistics, double difference estimator, propensity score matching (PSM) and logic model were used to analyze the data. The result showed a positive mean difference of ₦1,205.12 per 50 kg bag (p<0.01) in income between users and non-users before and after adoption of PICS technology. The result of logit model revealed that variables age, education status, employment status, income and quantity of cowpea used in the analysis were significant at different level of probability. The PSM adjusted with constant coefficient value of 1.000 was statistically significant at 1% level. Thus, the PICS technology was a better strategy adopted by farmers/traders to increase their income and improve their standard of living. Since majority of farmers and traders are young and educated, trainings, workshops and sensitization should be encouraged. This can be effectively done through Agricultural Development Programmes (ADP), Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) and attending farmer’s stakeholders meeting for sensitization. Keywords — Cowpea, impact, Propensity Score Matching (PSM), Purdue.
Assessment of Rock Aggregate for Construction Using Comminution Theory
Authors: Adigun Oluwole D , Adebayo Babatunde , Amu Olugbenga
Published: June 2020

In this research, grinding energy of selected rock samples collected from South West Nigeria was determined using comminution theory in order to evaluate suitability of rock for aggregate production. Bond Work Index (BWi), Aggregate Impact Value (AIV) and Aggregate Crushing Value (ACV) of samples was characterized and correlated. The work index of the charnockitic rock, granite gneiss, porphyritic granite –labelled PG1 and porphyritic granite –labelled PG2 of samples was found to be 17.12 kWh/t, 13.72 kWh/t, 13.64 kWh/t and 12.76 kWh/t respectively. The ACV of the charnockitic rock, granite gneiss, porphyritic granite (PG1) and porphyritic granite (PG2) was determined to be 26.2 %, 27.3 %, 27.6 % and 27.8 % respectively; while the AIV of the samples, in same order, was 11.2 %, 13.2 %, 19.1 % and 18.4 % respectively. Following high correlation coefficient of 0.98% between BWi and ACV, hardness of rock materials are classified as ‘very difficult’, ‘difficult’, ‘medium’, ‘easy’ and ‘very easy’ for grinding energies in the range of >18 kWh/t, 14-18 kWh/t, 10-14 kWh/t, 7-10 kWh/t and 0-7 kWh/t respectively. Based on the classification, rock materials with grinding energy >10 kWh/t could be suitable for aggregate production and usable for civil construction purposes.Keywords- Aggregate,  Aggregate impact value, Aggregate crushing value, Comminution, Grinding energy.
Microstructure and Mechanical Characterization of Austempered AISI 1018 Steel
Authors: Bodude Muideen , Adigun Oluwole D , Ibrahim Ahmed
Published: June 2020

AISI 1018 mild steels are widely used for engineering applications in machine components and for structural purposes. These materials suffer mechanical damages especially when used under critical conditions of extreme load. In this study, the effect of austempering heat-treatment on the hardness, tensile strength, impact energy and the microstructure of AISI 1018 steels were evaluated. The steel specimens were subjected to austempering heat-treatment by austenitizing at a temperature of 830°C, maintained at this temperature for a period of 1 hour 30 minutes, before rapidly cooled down in a NaNO3 salt bath maintained at 300°C for isothermal transformation for a further 50 minutes before finally cooled down to room temperature. Microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) shows transformation from ferrite/pearlite to bainite microstructure. The tensile strengths of the specimen increased from 400 MPa to 500 Mpa; hardness increased from an average value of 140Rc to 162Rc; while impact energy increased from 15.6 Joule to 30.6 Joule by the austempering heat-treatment. Keywords—Austempering, hardness, tensile strength, impact energy, microstructure
Studies on the Physicochemical and Physico-Mechanical Properties of Activated Palm Kernel Shell blended with Carbon Black filled NR Vulcanizates
Authors: Malomo Dosu , Olasupo Abdulhakeem D , Adesigbin Abayomi M , Egharevba Owen , Adewuyi Sulaiman O , Odubunmi Joy O , Idemmudia Lawrence
Published: June 2020

Palm kernel shell was activated using chemical activation of H3PO4 and KOH. Various amounts of activated palm kernel shell (APKS) couple with carbon black (CB) and other conventional ingredients were used to produce natural rubber vulcanizates (NR vulcanizates). The NR vulcanizates were compounded on a two-row mill and tested for its physico-mechanical properties. The results for characterization of physicochemical properties carried out on APKS  were ash content (2.06%), moisture content (8.06%), %carbon (54.41%), particle size (4.00, 3.35, 2.00, 1.18mm), bulk density (0.62g/ml) and pH (5.3).The results show significant values for all, the moisture and ash content were within the recommended standard of ASTM (3-10max) and (< or =8) respectively. The filler loading concentrations CB/APKS were labeled as mixes 1 to 7. The composition of CB/APKS filler loading ratios were 30:0, 25:5, 20:10, 15:15, 10:20, 5:25, and 0:30 samples 1,2,3,4,5,6 and 7 respectively. Results obtained showed that CB/APKS filled vulcanizates exhibited improvement in the physico-mechanical properties investigated. The results obtained for CB/APKS across the samples filler loading shows that CB composition possess higher UTS, EB and rubber fatigue test while APKS filler loading composition exhibited higher hardness and young modulus. Abrasion resistance was excellent for both CB and APKS filler loading composition.Keywords: Activated Palm Kernel Shell, filler, carbon black, Chemical Activation, Natural Rubber.
Gestión de residuos sólidos municipales en el distrito de Huacrachuco- Marañón. Una propuesta de mejora
Authors: Campos-Huayanay Charles J.
Published: June 2020

El objetivo de la investigación, fue evaluar la gestión y el manejo de residuos sólidos municipales en el distrito de Huacrachuco, provincia de Marañón, Departamento de Huánuco y a partir del cual plantear una propuesta de mejora. Métodos. El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, aplicada, de tipo descriptivo, transversal y prospectivo. La muestra estuvo conformada por 80 jefes de familia/vivienda, 2 instituciones públicas, 2 centros educativos y 4 establecimientos comerciales. Los datos se recolectaron en una guía de entrevista, en una ficha de observación y en una lista de verificación, obtenidas del Registro Municipal del periodo 2017; aplicando las consideraciones éticas. Se realizó el análisis descriptivo y la hipótesis se comprobó mediante la ponderación de componenetes. Resultados. La producción per cápita de residuos sólidos fue de 0.30 kg/hab/día, 1,00 t/día, 30,00 t/mes y 365,000 t/año; predominaron los residuos orgánicos en 45,36% y residuos sanitarios en 12,00%. Respecto a la evaluación de la gestión y manejo de residuos sólidos en la Municipalidad de Huacrachuco, resultó un puntaje de 20,0/100, valor mínimo respecto a la evaluación departamental. Conclusión. La gestión de residuos sólidos municipales en el distrito de Huacrachuco, se encuentra en un nivel bajo respecto al valor referencial, departamental y nacional.
Clima organizacional y desempeño docente en instituciones educativas de la Unidad Gestión Educativa Local, Huánuco - 2017
Authors: Palomino-Esteban Hugo E.
Published: June 2020

Objetivo. Determinar la relación entre el clima organizacional y el desempeño del docente en las instituciones educativas de nivel secundario de la Unidad Gestión Educativa Local de Huánuco, en el año 2017. Métodos. El estudio fue de enfoque cuantitativo, aplicada, de tipo descriptivo correlacional con 86 docentes seleccionados por muestreo probabilístico aleatorio simple, quienes respondieron una entrevista y dos escalas: una del clima organizacional y otra de desempeño docente, previamente validados y fiabilizados. Se aplicaron las consideraciones éticas de la investigación. En el análisis inferencial se utilizó la prueba Rho de Spearman para un p ≤ 0,05. Resultados. Se estableció relación moderada, directa, positiva y significativa entre las dimensiones del clima organizacional: el ambiente docente, manejo de conflictos, liderazgo, relaciones sociales y equilibrio emocional con el desempeño docente (rs = 0,45, rs = 0,45, rs = 0,44, rs = 0,42 y rs = 0,42 respectivamente) (p < 0,05). Fue la correlación baja positiva, directa y significativa entre las siguientes dimensiones: nivel de comunicación y estilo gerencial con el desempeño docente (rs = 0,35 y rs = 0, 33 con p ≤ 0,05), por lo que se rechazaron las hipótesis nulas. Conclusiones. Existe relación directa, positiva y significativa de nivel moderado entre el clima organizacional y el desempeño docente en las Instituciones Educativas de la UGEL Huánuco durante el 2017 (rs = 0,44 y p < 0,05). Entonces se asume que mientras el clima organizacional se torna favorable, también; se incrementa el buen desempeño de los docentes.
Preference for Anonymous Giving
Authors: Imada Hirotaka
Published: June 2020

Individuals sometimes prefer to anonymously donate money when they can publicly do so. In other words, they deliberately hide their costly prosocial behavior from a broad audience. While existing research has collated various evolutionary theories emphasizing the value of public prosocial behavior, it has not endeavored to address the preference for anonymous giving. The article discussed potential explanations for the preference and pointed to the importance of further scholarly discussion about the value and function of anonymous prosocial behavior.
Conceptions historiques et identitaires des élèves francophones et anglophones de l’Ontario à l’époque post-11 septembre
Authors: Lévesque Stéphane
Published: June 2020

Cet article traite du concept de « signification » ou sens donné aux événements historiques tel qu’employé par des élèves francophones et anglophones de l’Ontario à l’époque post-11 septembre. Il met en lumière la nécessité de mieux outiller les jeunes et les enseignants dans leur utilisation du passé canadien et dans leur apprentissage de la démarche historique en classe d’histoire ou d’études sociales.
This article deals with the concept of « significance » or meaning given to historical events, as understood by Francophone and Anglophone students in Ontario in the post-September 11 period. The analysis reveals the necessity of providing youth and teachers with better means to their utilization of the Canadian past and in their learning of historical procedures in history or social studies classes.
Discounting the Political: Understanding Civic Participation as Private Practice
Authors: Chareka Ottilia , Sears Alan
Published: June 2020

Around the world there is concern about the disengagement of citizens from participation in civic life. Emerging from that concern have been calls for new initiatives in civic education and many jurisdictions have developed and implemented new programs in the area. Much of this work has gone forward with little or no research on the prior conceptions of participation that exist among citizens. This paper reports on a study designed to map the conceptions of civic participation held by a group of recent African immigrants to Canada compared with a group of native-born Canadians. The focus here is on findings that indicate participants made a clear distinction between civic activities they saw as political and those they saw as nonpolitical. These findings coincide with theoretical literature that posits a divide between the two and raises implications for curriculum planners and teachers attempting to broaden conceptions of the political and foster engagement.
Le désengagement des citoyens de la participation à la vie civique est un souci partout dans le monde. C’est ainsi qu’émergent de ce problème des appels au développement de nouvelles initiatives en faveur de l’éducation civique et que plusieurs juridictions ont développé et mis en oeuvre de nouveaux programmes dans le domaine. Beaucoup de ce travail a été réalisé alors qu’on n’avait pour ainsi dire pas de recherche sur les conceptions de la participation qui existent déjà chez les citoyens. Cet article présente une étude qui vise à dresser le portrait des conceptions de la participation civique d’un groupe d’immigrants africains récemment arrivés au Canada et de les comparer avec celles d’un groupe de Canadiens de naissance. L’accent est mis ici sur les résultats qui montrent que les participants font une distinction claire entre les activités civiques qu’ils considèrent comme des activités politiques et celles qu’ils considèrent ne pas être politiques. Ces résultats vont dans le même sens que les théories qui posent comme postulat une séparation entre les deux et soulèvent des implications pour les planificateurs de programmes et pour les enseignants qui tentent d’élargir les conceptions du politique et d’encourager l’engagement politique.
Citizenship Education in Post Modern Society
Authors: Pouwels Jan
Published: June 2020

Dealing with citizenship education as a part of formal education, I argue that the international human rights culture and human rights education can serve as a fundamental reference for contemporary citizenship education and that conflict pedagogy is an adequate teaching strategy. I try to draw a picture of how such education can be perceived from a pedagogical and didactical point of view, making a set of recommendations to actualize this perspective on values and citizenship education.
Dans l’optique que l’éducation à la citoyenneté est une composante de l’éducation formelle, je mets en évidence que la culture internationale des droits humains et que l’éducation aux droits de l’homme peuvent servir de référence fondamentale. Je démontre aussi que la pédagogie de la résolution des conflits est une stratégie d’enseignement adéquate. Je dresse le portrait de la perception d’une telle éducation du point de vue pédagogique et didactique, tout en formulant une série de recommandations en vue d’actualiser cette perspective à l’éducation aux valeurs et à la citoyenneté.
Privatization Chinese Style: Tuition Reforms in China's Postsecondary Education
Authors: Zhang Lanlin
Published: June 2020

Since the endorsement of a socialist market economy in 1992 in the 14th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, self-financing and fee-charging principles have been widely adopted, and finally legitimized in China's higher education system. However, refonns in China's post secondary education, mainly privatization and tuition fee hikes, have produced some serious controversies and concerns among students, parents, and international education researchers. This article delves into the issues of post secondary education refonn in China and brings into attention problems that occur when policies are institutionalized in a centralized decentralization setting.
Depuis l'adhesion a une economie de marche socialiste au 14e Congres national du Parti communiste chinois, les principes d'autofmance et de privatisation ont ete adoptes partout, et finalement legitime dans le systeme d'education tertiaire en Chine. Neanmoins, les refonnes dans le systeme d'etude post-secondaire chinois, surtout dans la privatisation et dans la hausse des frais de scolarite, ont provoque de serieuses controverses et des soucis chez les etudiants, parents, et chercheurs intemationaux sur l'enseignement. Cet article etudie les problemes de reforme au niveau post-secondaire en Chine et attire l'attention sur les problemes qui surviennent lorsque les politiques se font institutionnalisees dans un milieu de decentralisation centralisee.
Framing Possibilities: Representations of Black Student Athletes in Toronto Media
Authors: Saul Roger , James Carl
Published: June 2020

This article draws upon a weekly feature in the Toronto Star newspaper, the “High School Report,” to explore the representations of black male student athletes over the school year 2003/2004. These media representations contribute to an understanding of the wider social reality of student athletes. Our investigation points to the fact that the media present black male students compared to their white counterparts as giving priority to athletics over academics. By ignoring the structural inequities they face in schools and society, the media contribute to a popular discourse which frames the social and educational possibilities of black male students in limiting ways.
Cet article tire ses renseignements de l'article hebdomadaire du journal Toronto Star: le Rapport sur les écoles secondaires “High School Report,” , pour examiner la représentation des athlètes-étudiants noirs pendant l'année scolaire 2003-2004. Ces représentations dans la presse contribuent à la compréhension d'une réalité plus large dans la société pour les athlètes-étudiants. Notre examen pointe au fait que la presse représente les athlètes-étudiants noirs comme plus inclinés aux sports qu'aux études scolaires que les athlètes-étudiants blancs. En ignorant les iniquités structurelles auxquelles les athlètes-étudiants doivent faire face à l'école comme dans la société, la presse se donne au discours populaire qui encadre les possibilités sociales et éducationnelles des étudiants noirs d'une façon limitée.
Does School/Site Based Management (SBM) in Japan Achieve its Policy Purposes? A Policy Analysis of Japanese Education Reform RegardingSchool Advisors and School Management Councils
Authors: Hirata Jun
Published: June 2020

The purpose of this paper is to analyze decentralized education reform in Japan in terms of School/Site-Based Management (SBM). In the literature, SBM embraces two major elements, namely, the devolution of decision-making authority to the individual school level and Shared Decision-Making (SDM). In Japan, school advisors and school management councils have been established with similar purposes with SBM since 2000. However, because the decision-making authority is not sufficiently devolved to each school and many groups of stakeholders are not significantly involved in decision-making processes, a SBM form of school governance has not been realized in Japan.
Cet article a pour but d’analyser la réforme de décentralisation de l’éducation au Japon en termes de l’Administration basée sur l’école ou le site (SBM). Dans la littérature, la SBM se comprend de deux éléments: la dévolution au niveau de chaque école les droits d'exécuter des décisions et la politique des décisions partagées (SDM). Au Japon, les postes de conseillers et les conseils d’administration ont été établis depuis l’an 2000. Et pourtant, parce que les instances ne sont pas assez engagées dans le processus décisionnel, une forme de gouvernance des écoles selon la SBM n’a pas pu se réaliser au Japon.
Developing Social Capital: An Insider Look at the Language Learning and Integration Experiences of New Canadians
Authors: Steinbach Marilyn
Published: June 2020

This article confirms the difficulties of economic and social integration for immigrants, offering qualitative data to add to the existing body of quantitative research. New Canadians need official government assistance to compensate for their lack of social capital, and educational policies and practices must also take into account the need for newcomers to develop social capital. Data from semi-structured ethnographic interviews with eight adult education students in three ESL classes in Montreal indicate that these newcomers are using ethnic group contacts to negotiate access to settlement services in schools and communities. Newcomers who face social exclusion and are unable to meet their needs through official channels could benefit from government programs that create bridging social capital between immigrants and Canadian-born citizens. Education, both for new immigrants and the Canadian-born, has an important role to play in the process of making Canadian education systems and society at large more inclusive of newcomers.
Cet article confirme les difficultés rencontrées par les immigrants dans leur intégration économique et sociale. Il ajoute des données qualitatives à l'ensemble des recherches quantitatives. Les nouveaux Canadiens ont besoin de l'assistance officielle du gouvernement pour compenser leur manque de capital social, et les politiques d'éducation aussi que les pratiques doivent aussi prendre en considération le besoin de développement du capital social des nouveaux venus. Des données obtenues au cours des entrevues ethnographiques semi-structurées de huit adultes suivant trois cours d'anglais langue seconde (ESL) à Montréal indiquent que ces nouveaux venus doivent se servir des contacts dans leurs groupes ethniques pour négocier l'accès aux services d'adaptation dans les écoles ou dans les communautés. Les nouveaux venus qui sont menacés par l'exclusion sociale et qui ne sont pas capables de satisfaire leurs besoins par les voies officielles, peuvent bénéficier des programmes du gouvernement pour assortir le capital social entre immigrés et citoyens nés au Canada. L'éducation, pour les immigrants et pour les ressortissants canadiens, joue un rôle très important dans le processus pour rendre les systèmes d'éducation et la société en général plus ouverts aux immigrants.
Presidential address The Ideological and Economic Repositioning of Universities
Authors: Pitman Allan
Published: June 2020

A reconceptualization of the human capital value of education as a private good, linked to a market oriented commodification of university knowledge, underpins a repositioning of universities as entrepreneurial enterprises. The implications for universities and the professoriate are explored, with a particular emphasis on the ways in which the institutions and work within them are being redefined. Canadian and Australian experiences are drawn upon.
Une nouvelle conceptualisation de la valeur du capital humain en enseignement comme un bien privé, relié au savoir universitaire comme des marchandises destinées au marché, étaie une repositionnement des universités comme des entreprises commerciales. L'auteur explore les implications pour les universités et le corps professoral, avec une emphase particulière sur les façons dont les institutions et leurs travaux se redéfinissent. L'auteur se sert des expériences canadiennes et australiennes.
Negotiating the Culture of the Academy: Chinese Graduate Students in Canada
Authors: Windle Sheila , Hamilton Beverley , Zeng Min , Yang Xiaodong
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the process and results of a narrative inquiry into the stories of eight Chinese international graduate students. Results show three main commonalities in participants’ education narratives in China: parental influence, the exam system and independent study. In the Canadian setting, specific aspects of the academic culture are experienced as permeable (written work, lab work, tests and reading ability) or impermeable (in-class discussions, oral presentations, group work, oral discourse, communicating with local people). Discussion articulates participants’ use of unique personal resources, which results in distinctive trajectories of entry into and navigation within this new academic culture.
Cet article présente le processus et les résultats d'une enquête narrative de huit étudiants internationaux chinois de troisème cycle. Les résultats montrent les trois éléments communs dans la narration des participants: l'influence des parents, le système des examens, et l'étude individuelle. Dans le cadre canadien, les participants ont reconnu des aspects spécifiques de la culture académique comme perméables (travaux écrits, travaux de laboratoire,les examens et compétence en lecture) ou imperméables (discussions en classe, présentations orales, travaux en groupes, entretiens oraux, et communication avec les habitants locaux). La discussion clarifie l'usage d'uniques ressources personnelles par chaque participant La discussion clarifie l'usage d'uniques ressources personnelles par chaque participant dont le résultat définit des trajectoires distinctifs d'entrée et de navigation au coeur de cette nouvelle culture académique.
Negotiating Tensions and Roles in International Development: A Workshop for Graduate Students
Authors: Hales Jennifer
Published: June 2020

This paper presents the findings from a qualitative research study involving graduate students who are studying or working in international development. The students participated in an activity-based workshop during which they reflected on and discussed their tensions and concerns about the nature of international development and their roles and positions in this work. Tensions ranged from those on a personal level, where students questioned their individual privilege and power in international development, to those on a structural level, where students questioned the overall nature of development practices.
The workshop activities, designed by the author and based on a global education framework (Pike & Selby, 2000), generated group discussion, provoked personal reflection, challenged assumptions and reaffirmed goals. The study addresses the potential pedagogical value of such a workshop in promoting critical self-reflection and raising critical consciousness about one’s politics and practice in international development work.
Cet article présente les résultats d'une recherche qualitative concernant des étudiants gradués qui vont étudier ou travailler dans un milieu de développement international. Ces étudiants ont participé à un atelier d'activités où ils ont réfléchi aux tensions et aux soucis vis-à-vis de la nature du développement international, y compris leurs rôles et leurs positions dans ce travail. Les tensions se rangent depuis le niveau personnel, où les étudiants se demandent sur leur privilège individuel et leur pouvoir dans le développement international, jusqu'à celles du niveau structurel, où ils se questionnent la nature globale des pratiques de développement.
Les activités de l'atelier, conçues par l'auteur d'après un cadre d'éducation globale (Pike & Selby, 2000) créent des discussions en groupe, provoquent des réflexions personnelles, mettent en question les assomptions et réaffirment les objectifs. L'étude aborde la valeur pédagogique possible d’un tel atelier dans le développement de l'autocritique et dans le soulèvement de la conscience critique sur sa politique et ses pratiques propres dans le travail de développement international.
Identifier les attitudes des étudiants en géographie après leurs études secondaires
Authors: Dal Burckin
Published: June 2020

Ce travail expose les résultats d’une étude réalisée dans le but d’analyser la démarche d’apprentissage d’un groupe d’étudiants de premier cycle de géographie. Seront traitées ici les démarches d’apprentissage qu’ils adoptent et la façon dont évolue leur niveau de confiance en soi après un an d’enseignement supérieur. Les étudiants étaient confrontés à un programme visant au développement des capacités dans le cadre de la géographie, qui mettait l’accent sur une démarche d’apprentissage en profondeur. Les résultats montrent que, bien que leur niveau de confiance en leur capacité d’étudier et d’apprendre ait augmenté, leur démarche d’apprentissage est devenue de plus en plus instrumentale.
This paper shows the results of a study carried out in order to analyse the learning approach in geography of cohorts of students on entry to a geography degree. After one year of higher education, student learning approaches and their degree of confidence are examined. A program aimed at the development of the learning capacities based on a deep learning approach was proposed to students. The results indicate that although their degrees of confidence in their capacity to study increased, their learning approaches became increasingly instrumental.
Are Chinese Students Really Quiet, Passive and Surface Learners? – A Cultural Studies Perspective
Authors: Huang Jinyan , Cowden Peter
Published: June 2020

Research has indicated that Chinese students experience considerable challenges in their academic studies at North American universities. This paper explores Chinese students’ academic learning through cultural studies perspectives by examining the concept of identity; cultural and linguistic context; Chinese students as quiet and passive learners; different classroom teaching methods experienced in both cultures; surface learners vs. deep learners; different culture worlds; and the concept of social communicative competence. It is argued that quiet, passive and surface learners are perhaps incorrect descriptors of Chinese students who are studying at North American Universities. Important educational implications are discussed.
Plusieurs recherches montrent que les étudiants chinois doivent relever des défis considérables quand ils étudient dans des universités nord américaines. Le but de cet article est d’explorer l’apprentissage académique des étudiants chinois à partir d’une vision d’études culturelles. Ceci nous mènera à examiner le concept d’identité, de contexte culturel et linguistique, ainsi que des notions telles que le calme et la passivité des étudiants chinois, les différences entre méthodologies d’enseignement dans les deux cultures, les apprenants superficiels en opposition avec les apprenants réfléchis, les différences culturelles, et enfin, le concept de compétence communicative sociale. description des étudiants chinois comme étant des apprenants calmes, passifs et superficiels sont des descripteurs qui peuvent s’avérer incorrects si l’on prend en compte toutes les implications culturelles qui seront discutées dans cet article.