bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Emerging biomaterials and technologies to control stem cell fate and patterning in engineered 3D tissues and organoids
Authors: Farahani Mojtaba , Carthew James , Bhowmik Sanchyan , Shard Chloe , Nunez-Nescolarde Ana , Gomez Guillermo A. , Cadarso Victor J. , Combes Alexander N. , Frith Jessica E.
Published: November 2022

The ability to create complex three-dimensional cellular models that can effectively replicate the structure and function of human organs and tissues in vitro has the potential to revolutionize medicine. Such models could facilitate the interrogation of developmental and disease processes underpinning fundamental discovery science, vastly accelerate drug development and screening, or even be used to create tissues for implantation into the body. Realization of this potential, however, requires the recreation of complex biochemical, biophysical, and cellular patterns of 3D tissues and remains a key challenge in the field. Recent advances are being driven by improved knowledge of tissue morphogenesis and architecture and technological developments in bioengineering and materials science that can create the multidimensional and dynamic systems required to produce complex tissue microenvironments. In this article, we discuss challenges for in vitro models of tissues and organs and summarize the current state-of-the art in biomaterials and bioengineered systems that aim to address these challenges. This includes both top-down technologies, such as 3D photopatterning, magnetism, acoustic forces, and cell origami, as well as bottom-up patterning using 3D bioprinting, microfluidics, cell sheet technology, or composite scaffolds. We illustrate the varying ways that these can be applied to suit the needs of different tissues and applications by focussing on specific examples of patterning the bone-tendon interface, kidney organoids, and brain cancer models. Finally, we discuss the challenges and future prospects in applying materials science and bioengineering to develop high-quality 3D tissue structures for in vitro studies.
Variations in advertisement call modulations do not influence vocal interactions in bullfrog choruses
Authors: Simmons Andrea Megela , Kloepper Laura N.
Published: November 2022

Chorusing male bullfrogs naturally vary the number of modulations within their advertisement call notes. A field playback experiment investigated whether these variations affect males' evoked vocal responses. Vocal responses were quantified manually and automatically by quantifying acoustic energy. The numbers of calls, number of notes, latency of response, and detected-note acoustic energy did not vary significantly across playback stimuli for focal males or the entire chorus, suggesting that variations in modulation number do not carry relevant information to males. Future work can determine whether modulation cues may function in sexual selection and affect female response.
Intra- and Interrater Reliability of the Directional Balance and Reach Tests With and Without Rotation
Authors: Munger Larry R. , Brismée Jean-Michel , Sizer Phillip S. , James C. Roger
Published: November 2022

This study investigated whether the directional balance and reach with and without rotation is a reliable screening tool to measure dynamic balance and ability to control motion in three planes. Twenty healthy, collegiate athletes participated. The directional balance and reach exhibited good to excellent levels of intra- and interrater reliability (intraclass correlation coefficient = .77–.99). The directional balance and reach provides clinicians with a reliable method that requires minimum financial, spatial, and temporal costs to administer in small and large screening, training, and evaluation programs to recognize asymmetries and deficits in assessing dynamic balance in all three planes of motion.
Collegiate Athletic Trainers’ Use of Behavioral Health Screening Tools
Authors: Chandler Taylor B. , Rivera Matthew J. , Neil Elizabeth R. , Eberman Lindsey E.
Published: November 2022

Screening for behavioral health (BH) concerns is important for early identification, referral, and management. The purpose of this study was to examine collegiate athletic trainers use of BH screening tools. We used a cross-sectional design with a web-based survey. Approximately 49% (n = 198/405) of participants used BH screening tools in their practice; the most used tools were PHQ-9 (n = 112/198, 56.6%) and GAD-7 (n = 54/198, 27.3%). Practice integration considerations and practice advancements occurred as a result of BH screening. Given rising incidence and severity of BH conditions in collegiate athletics, more training on screening and prevention is needed.
Hungatella hathewayi, an Efficient Glycosaminoglycan-Degrading
Firmicutes
from Human Gut and Its Chondroitin ABC Exolyase with High Activity and Broad Substrate Specificity
Authors: Rawat Parkash Singh , Li Yan , Zhang Weixin , Meng Xiangfeng , Liu Weifeng
Published: November 2022

An increased understanding of GAG metabolism by intestinal bacteria is critical in identifying the driving factors for the composition, modulation, and homeostasis of the human gut microbiota. In addition, GAG-depolymerizing polysaccharide lyases are highly desired enzymes for the production of GAG oligosaccharides and as therapeutics.
Vibrio fischeri Possesses Xds and Dns Nucleases That Differentially Influence Phosphate Scavenging, Aggregation, Competence, and Symbiotic Colonization of Squid
Authors: Fidopiastis Pat M. , Childs Chaz , Esin Jeremy J. , Stellern Jordan , Darin Anna , Lorenzo Andrea , Mariscal Vanessa T. , Lorenz Jason , Gopan Vinay , McAnulty Sarah , Visick Karen L.
Published: November 2022

From soil and water to host-associated secretions such as mucus, environments that bacteria inhabit are awash in DNA. Extracellular DNA (eDNA) is a nutritious resource that microbes dedicate significant energy to exploit.
Impacts of Seawater pH Buffering on the Larval Microbiome and Carry-Over Effects on Later-Life Disease Susceptibility in Pacific Oysters
Authors: Mackenzie Clara L. , Pearce Christopher M. , Leduc Sarah , Roth Daniel , Kellogg Colleen T. E. , Clemente-Carvalho Rute B. G. , Green Timothy J.
Published: November 2022

Shellfish industries are threatened worldwide by recurrent summer mortality events. Such incidences are often associated with
Vibrio
disease outbreaks, and thus, it is critical that animals are able to mount sufficient immune responses.
Effects of Fluticasone Propionate on
Klebsiella pneumoniae
and Gram-Negative Bacteria Associated with Chronic Airway Disease
Authors: Begley Lesa A. , Opron Kristopher , Bian Guowu , Kozik Ariangela J. , Liu Cai , Felton Jeremy , Wen Bo , Sun Duxin , Huang Yvonne J.
Published: November 2022

Inhaled corticosteroids are widely prescribed for many respiratory diseases, including asthma and COPD. While they benefit many patients, corticosteroids can also have negative effects.
Nutrient Availability and Biofilm Polysaccharide Shape the Bacillaene-Dependent Antagonism of Bacillus subtilis against Salmonella Typhimurium
Authors: Podnar Eli , Erega Andi , Danevčič Tjaša , Kovačec Eva , Lories Bram , Steenackers Hans , Mandic-Mulec Ines
Published: November 2022

Probiotic bacteria represent an alternative for controlling foodborne disease caused by
Salmonella enterica
, which constitutes a serious concern during food production due to its antibiotic resistance and resilience to environmental stress.
Bacillus subtilis
is gaining popularity as a probiotic, but its behavior in biofilms with pathogens such as
Salmonella
remains to be elucidated. Here, we show that the antagonism of
B. subtilis
is mediated by the polyketide bacillaene and that the production of bacillaene is a highly dynamic trait which depends on environmental factors such as nutrient availability and the presence of competitors.
Natural Products Lysobactin and Sorangicin A Show
In Vitro
Activity against Mycobacterium abscessus Complex
Authors: Sullivan Jaryd R. , Yao Jacqueline , Courtine Christophe , Lupien Andréanne , Herrmann Jennifer , Müller Rolf , Behr Marcel A.
Published: November 2022

The many thousands of people living with cystic fibrosis are at a greater risk of developing a chronic lung infection caused by
Mycobacterium abscessus
. Since
M. abscessus
is clinically resistant to most anti-TB drugs available, treatment options are limited to macrolides.
Rapid SARS-CoV-2 Variants Enzymatic Detection (SAVED) by CRISPR-Cas12a
Authors: Yang Jun , Barua Nilakshi , Rahman Md Nannur , Li Carmen , Lo Norman , Yeong Kai Yan , Tsang Tsz Fung , Yang Xiao , Cheung Yuk-Yam , Tsang Alan K. L. , Chan Rickjason C. W. , Leung Eddie Chi-Man , Chan Paul K. S. , Ip Margaret
Published: November 2022

Rapid differentiation and detection tests that can directly identify SARS-CoV-2 variants must be developed in order to meet the demands of public health or clinical decisions. This will allow for the prompt treatment or isolation of infected people and the implementation of various quarantine measures for those exposed.
Supplemental Material: Mantellic degassing of helium in an extensional active tectonic setting at front of a magmatic arc (central Mexico)
Authors: Billarent-Cedillo A. , al. et , Levresse Gilles
Published: November 2022

Table S1: Physicochemical parameters and composition of rain, spring and groundwater in the Celaya, Querétaro and San Juan del Río aquifers. 
Demographic, behavioural and occupational risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in UK healthcare workers: a retrospective observational study
Authors: Cooper Daniel James , Lear Sara , Sithole Nyarie , Shaw Ashley , Stark Hannah , Ferris Mark ,   CITIID-NIHR BioResource COVID-19 collaboration consortium, Bradley John , Maxwell Patrick , Goodfellow Ian , Weekes Michael P , Seaman Shaun , Baker Stephen
Published: November 2022

Objective

Healthcare workers (HCWs) are at higher risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection than the general population. This group is pivotal to healthcare system resilience during the COVID-19, and future, pandemics. We investigated demographic, social, behavioural and occupational risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection among HCWs.

Design/setting/participants

HCWs enrolled in a large-scale sero-epidemiological study at a UK university teaching hospital were sent questionnaires spanning a 5-month period from March to July 2020. In a retrospective observational cohort study, univariate logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. A Least Absolute Shrinkage Selection Operator regression model was used to identify variables to include in a multivariate logistic regression model.

Results

Among 2258 HCWs, highest ORs associated with SARS-CoV-2 antibody seropositivity on multivariate analysis were having a household member previously testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies (OR 6.94 (95% CI 4.15 to 11.6); p<0.0001) and being of black ethnicity (6.21 (95% CI 2.69 to 14.3); p<0.0001). Occupational factors associated with a higher risk of seropositivity included working as a physiotherapist (OR 2.78 (95% CI 1.21 to 6.36); p=0.015) and working predominantly in acute medicine (OR 2.72 (95% CI 1.57 to 4.69); p<0.0001) or medical subspecialties (not including infectious diseases) (OR 2.33 (95% CI 1.4 to 3.88); p=0.001). Reporting that adequate personal protective equipment (PPE) was ‘rarely’ available had an OR of 2.83 (95% CI 1.29 to 6.25; p=0.01). Reporting attending a handover where social distancing was not possible had an OR of 1.39 (95% CI 1.02 to 1.9; p=0.038).

Conclusions

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants and potential vaccine escape continue to threaten stability of healthcare systems worldwide, and sustained vigilance against HCW infection remains a priority. Enhanced risk assessments should be considered for HCWs of black ethnicity, physiotherapists and those working in acute medicine or medical subspecialties. Workplace risk reduction measures include ongoing access to high-quality PPE and effective social distancing measures.
Comparing restrictive versus liberal oxygen strategies for trauma patients — the TRAUMOX2 trial: protocol for a randomised clinical trial
Authors: Baekgaard Josefine , Arleth Tobias , Siersma Volkert , Hinkelbein Jochen , Yücetepe Sirin , Klimek Markus , van Vledder Mark G , Van Lieshout Esther M M , Mikkelsen Søren , Zwisler Stine Thorhauge , Andersen Mikkel , Fenger-Eriksen Christian , Isbye Dan L , Rasmussen Lars S , Steinmetz Jacob
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Supplemental oxygen is commonly used in trauma patients, although it may lead to hyperoxaemia that has been associated with pulmonary complications and increased mortality. The primary objective of this trial, TRAUMOX2, is to compare a restrictive versus liberal oxygen strategy the first 8 hours following trauma.

Methods and analysis

TRAUMOX2 is an investigator-initiated, international, parallel-grouped, superiority, outcome assessor-blinded and analyst-blinded, randomised, controlled, clinical trial.

Adult patients with suspected major trauma are randomised to eight hours of a restrictive or liberal oxygen strategy. The restrictive group receives the lowest dosage of oxygen (>21%) that ensures an SpO2of 94%. The liberal group receives 12–15 L O2/min or FiO2=0.6–1.0.

The primary outcome is a composite of 30-day mortality and/or development of major respiratory complications (pneumonia and/or acute respiratory distress syndrome).

With 710 participants in each arm, we will be able to detect a 33% risk reduction with a restrictive oxygen strategy if the incidence of our primary outcome is 15% in the liberal group.

Ethics and dissemination

TRAUMOX2 is carried out in accordance with the Helsinki II Declaration. It has been approved by the Danish Committee on Health Research Ethics for the Capital Region (H-21018062) and The Danish Medicines Agency, as well as the Dutch Medical Research Ethics Committee Erasmus MS (NL79921.078.21 and MEC-2021-0932). A website (www.traumox2.org) is available for updates and study results will be published in an international peer-reviewed scientific journal.

Trial registration numbers

EudraCT 2021-000556-19;NCT05146700.
Effects of tele-exercise rehabilitation intervention on women at high risk of osteoporotic fractures: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Li Simin , Li Yi , Liang Qiu , Yang Wen-Jie , Zi Rui , Wu Xuyi , Du Chunping , Jiang Yan
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Premenopausal and postmenopausal osteoporosis and associated fragility fractures are major public health problems. Exercise, especially moderate-to-high-intensity impact exercise, has been recommended as an effective, low-cost non-pharmacological strategy for bone strength improvement; however, evidence on fracture risk is limited. In addition, maintaining regular training is currently a problem. Therefore, this study aims to conduct a randomised controlled trial of moderate-to-high-intensity tele-exercise intervention using a tele-rehabilitation app and quantify its effects on vertical fracture and fall prevention in women at high risk of osteoporotic fractures.

Methods and analysis

In this multicentre, randomised controlled trial, 794 women at high risk of osteoporotic fractures will be recruited and randomised into either the tele-exercise rehabilitation or control group. Participants in the control group will receive routine remote rehabilitation, while those in the intervention group will be provided with a 6-month tele-exercise rehabilitation. The primary outcomes are the percentage of participants with one or more new vertebral fractures and incidence of falls. Intention-to-treat, full analysis set and per-protocol approaches will be used for outcome analyses.

Ethics and dissemination

The study was approved by the biomedical research ethics committee of the West China Hospital of Sichuan University (2021-579). Written informed consent will be obtained from each participant after agreeing to participate in the study. The study findings will be presented at national and international scientific conferences and published in peer-reviewed journals. Results are propagated regardless of the magnitude or direction of the impact. Authorship is assigned according to authorship guidelines as defined by the International Board of Medical Journal Editors, and each author’s role is based on journal requirements for publication.

Trial registration number

The study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (ChiCTR2200058780) prior to recruitment (May 2022).
Trends in myocardial infarction and coronary revascularisation procedures in Australia, 1993–2017
Authors: Lin Richard Z , Gallagher Celine , Tu Samuel J , Pitman Bradley M , Nelson Adam J , Roberts-Thomson Ross L , Worthley Matthew I , Lau Dennis H , Sanders Prashanthan , Wong Christopher X
Published: November 2022

Objective

Prior data have shown rising acute myocardial infarction (MI) trends in Australia; whether these increases have continued in recent years is not known. This study thus sought to characterise contemporary nationwide trends in MI hospitalisations and coronary procedures in Australia and their associated economic burden.

Methods

The primary outcome measure was the incidence and time trends of total MI, ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) hospitalisations from 1993 to 2017. The incidence and time trends of coronary procedures were additionally collected, alongside MI hospitalisation costs.

Results

Adjusted for population changes, annual MI incidence increased from 216.2 cases per 100 000 to a peak of 270.4 in 2007 with subsequent decline to 218.7 in 2017. Similarly, NSTEMI incidence increased from 68.0 cases per 100 000 in 1993 to a peak of 192.6 in 2007 with subsequent decline to 162.6 in 2017. STEMI incidence decreased from 148.3 cases per 100 000 in 1993 to 56.2 in 2017. Across the study period, there were annual increases in MI hospitalisations of 0.7% and NSTEMI hospitalisations of 5.6%, and an annual decrease in STEMI hospitalisations of 4.8%. Angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention increased by 3.4% and 3.3% annually, respectively, while coronary artery bypass graft surgery declined by 2.2% annually. MI hospitalisation costs increased by 100% over the study period, despite a decreased average length of stay by 45%.

Conclusions

The rising incidence of MI hospitalisations appear to have stabilised in Australia. Despite this, associated healthcare expenditure remains significant, suggesting a need for continual implementation of public health policies and preventative strategies.
Impact of virtual reality on cardiac rehabilitation-related anxiety: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Shahab Ahmed , Misquith Chelsea , Bashir Zubair
Published: November 2022

Introduction

Cardiac rehabilitation has proven beneficial in cardiovascular patients and is strongly recommended for secondary prevention after a coronary event. However, overall utilisation of cardiac rehabilitation is often low. The addition of novel methods of rehabilitation may increase overall compliance with cardiac rehabilitation. The use of virtual reality (VR) has been adopted in a variety of therapeutic ways such as physical rehabilitation in neurological diseases, rehabilitation for various psychiatric illnesses and postcancer rehabilitation in breast cancer survivors. In our meta-analysis, we wish to assess whether the addition of VR (fully immersive or non-immersive) leads to an improvement in anxiety and functional capacity compared with standard cardiac rehabilitation at any phase of the rehabilitation process.

Method and analysis

This systematic review and meta-analysis protocol was structured according to the published Preferred Reporting for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis—Protocol guidelines. We will devise a search strategy to use online databases to search for the randomised controlled trials. Inclusion criteria and exclusion criteria will be defined. The articles will be reviewed by two independent reviewers and any conflict will be adjudicated through discussion. The bias in the selected studies will be assessed using Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomised trials (RoB 2). The outcome of interest will be anxiety and functional capacity. Effect estimates will be reported as standardised mean difference with 95% CI. Fixed effect model will be used if I2<60%, otherwise random effect model will be used to estimate the effect size.

Ethics and dissemination

There will be no direct involvement of the patient or the public in the conception, design, data collection and analysis of this systematic review and meta-analysis. Results of this systematic review and meta-analysis will be disseminated via journal articles. In accordance with the guidelines, our systematic review protocol is prospectively registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) on 07 August 2022.

PROSPERO ID

CRD 42022342736.
Design and rationale of the inferior vena CAVA and Lung UltraSound-guided therapy in Acute Heart Failure (CAVAL US-AHF Study): a randomised controlled trial
Authors: Burgos Lucrecia Maria , Baro Vila Rocio , Goyeneche Ailin , Muñoz Florencia , Spaccavento Ana , Fasan Martin Andres , Ballari Franco , Vivas Martin , Riznyk Laura , Ghibaudo Sebastian , Trivi Marcelo , Ronderos Ricardo , Costabel Juan Pablo , Botto Fernando , Diez Mirta
Published: November 2022

Background

Between 25% and 30% of patients hospitalised for acute heart failure (AHF) are readmitted within 90 days after discharge, mostly due to persistent congestion on discharge. However, as the optimal evaluation of decongestion is not clearly defined, it is necessary to implement new tools to identify subclinical congestion to guide treatment.

Objective

To evaluate if inferior vena cava (IVC) and lung ultrasound (CAVAL US)-guided therapy for AHF patients reduces subclinical congestion at discharge.

Methods

CAVAL US-AHF is a single-centre, single-blind randomised controlled trial designed to evaluate if an IVC and lung ultrasound-guided healthcare strategy is superior to standard care to reduce subclinical congestion at discharge. Fifty-eight patients with AHF will be randomised using a block randomisation programme that will assign to either lung and IVC ultrasound-guided decongestion therapy (‘intervention group’) or clinical-guided decongestion therapy (‘control group’), using a quantitative protocol and will be classified in three groups according to the level of congestion observed: none or mild, moderate or severe. The treating physicians will know the result of the test and the subsequent adjustment of treatment in response to those findings guided by a customised therapeutic algorithm. The primary endpoint is the presence of more than five B-lines and/or an increase in the diameter of the IVC, with and without collapsibility. The secondary endpoints are the composite of readmission for HF, unplanned visit for worsening HF or death at 90 days, variation of pro-B-type natriuretic peptide at discharge, length of hospital stay and diuretic dose at 90 days. Analyses will be conducted as between-group by intention to treat.

Ethics and dissemination

Ethical approval was obtained from the Institutional Review Board and registered in the PRIISA.BA platform of the Ministry of Health of the City of Buenos Aires.

Trial registration number

NCT04549701.
Features of quantum thermodynamics induced by common environments based on collision model
Authors: Huang Rui , Man Zhong-Xiao , Zhang Ying-Jie , Xia Yun-Jie
Published: November 2022

The common reservoir can cause some unique effects, such as dark state and steady-state coherence, which are extensively studied in the dynamics of open quantum system. In this work, by means of collision model, we explore features of quantum thermodynamics induced by common reservoirs. We first construct general formulations of thermodynamic quantities for the system consisting of N coupling subsystems embedded in M common thermal reservoirs. We confirm the existence of nonlocal work due to simultaneous interactions of subsystems with the common reservoirs resembling what is found for nonlocal heat. With a system of two coupled qubits in a common reservoir, we show that steady-state currents could emerge even when interactions of individual subsystems and the reservoir fulfill strict energy conservation. We also exhibit the effect of dark state on the steady-state currents. We then examine relations between the work cost, the system’s nonequilibrium steady-state and the extractable work. In particular, we find that in the presence of dark state, the work cost is only related to the coherence generated in the dynamical evolution but not to the one contributed by the initial dark state of the system. We also show the possible transformation of coherence into useful work in terms of ergotropy. We finally examine the scale effect of reservoirs and show that the increase of the number of involved reservoirs need more work to be costed and meanwhile can produce more coherence so that more ergotropy can be extracted. The obtained features contribute to the understanding of thermodynamics in common reservoirs and would be useful in quantum technologies when common reservoirs are necessary.
The Kossakowski Matrix and Strict Positivity of Markovian Quantum Dynamics
Authors: Agredo Julián , Fagnola Franco , Poletti Damiano
Published: November 2022

We investigate the relationship between strict positivity of the Kossakowski matrix, irreducibility and positivity improvement properties of Markovian quantum dynamics. We show that for a Gaussian quantum dynamical semigroup strict positivity of the Kossakowski matrix implies irreducibility and, with an additional technical assumption, that the support of any initial state is the whole space for any positive time.
Quantifying non-Markovian Memory in a Superconducting Quantum Computer
Authors: Morris Joshua , Pollock Felix A. , Modi Kavan
Published: November 2022

We analyze the temporal correlations in a sequence of gates by characterizing the performance of a gate conditioned on the gate that preceded it. With this method, we estimate (i) the size of fluctuations in the performance of a gate, i.e., errors due to non-Markovianity; (ii) the length of the memory; and (iii) the total size of the memory. Our results strongly indicate the presence of nontrivial non-Markovian effects in almost all gates in the universal set. However, based on our findings, we discuss the potential for cleaner computation by adequately accounting the non-Markovian nature of the machine.
On the Use of Total State Decompositions for the Study of Reduced Dynamics
Authors: Smirne Andrea , Megier Nina , Vacchini Bassano
Published: November 2022

The description of the dynamics of an open quantum system in the presence of initial correlations with the environment needs different mathematical tools than the standard approach to reduced dynamics, which is based on the use of a time-dependent completely positive trace preserving (CPTP) map. Here, we take into account an approach that is based on a decomposition of any possibly correlated bipartite state as a conical combination involving statistical operators on the environment and general linear operators on the system, which allows one to fix the reduced-system evolution via a finite set of time-dependent CPTP maps. In particular, we show that such a decomposition always exists, also for infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces, and that the number of resulting CPTP maps is bounded by the Schmidt rank of the initial global state. We further investigate the case where the CPTP maps are semigroups with generators in the Gorini-Kossakowski-Lindblad-Sudarshan form; for two simple qubit models, we identify the positivity domain defined by the initial states that are mapped into proper states at any time of the evolution fixed by the CPTP semigroups.
Middle–Late Pennsylvanian tectonosedimentary, climatic and biotic records in basins of Europe, NW Turkey and North Africa: an overview
Authors: Opluštil Stanislav , Schneider Joerg W.
Published: November 2022

In Europe, North Africa and Asia Minor, the remains of Pennsylvanian sedimentary basins bearing continental deposits either intimately mixed with shallow-marine strata or deposited in exclusively continental settings are preserved. Long-lasting research on these basins allowed the definition of regional stages and substages based on marine fauna and terrestrial flora, later extended by terrestrial and freshwater faunal biostratigraphies. Glacioeustatically driven marine bands provide laterally widespread correlation markers; however, where such bands are missing only biostratigraphic control exists. Resolution of biostratigraphic zonations combined with gaps in sedimentary successions and variable quality of the fossil record throughout the basin fills do not allow in all cases a precise correlation between the Pennsylvanian basins in Europe and, in turn, the timing of tectonic, climatic and biotic events, and thus an absolute complete understanding of the response of terrestrial and freshwater biota to climate changes across eastern tropical Pangaea. A helpful tool is new radioisotopic ages of intercalated volcaniclastics that reveal the partial diachroneity of some widely used biostratigraphies. We attempt to present the current state of the art to stimulate further research to mitigate gaps in our knowledge.
Numerical Simulations on CZTSSe-Based Solar Cells with GaSe as an Alternative Buffer Layer Using SCAPS-1D
Authors: Wu Xuefei , Hao Liangsheng , Wei Zhongquan , Wu Yixiang , Ma Xinxia , Cheng Zhihai , Wu Jiang , Qi Yongfeng , Meng Xiangrui , Su Jiaxin
Published: November 2022

In recent years, because of non-toxic characteristic, relatively high efficiency, and adjustable band gap, the research on thin film solar cells using Cu2ZnSn (SxSe1-x)4 (CZTSSe) as the absorber layer material has been in full swing. But its large band gap width makes it easy to form an excessive potential barrier with other materials, which leads to the raise of the recombination probability of carriers. Therefore, it is necessary to select a suitable buffer layer to optimize such solar cells. Compared with the common buffer material CdS, GaSe crystal has a high damage threshold, strong anisotropy, and nonlinear optical properties. In this paper, a safe and efficient material, GaSe, was selected as the buffer layer of the solar cell with CZTSSe as the absorber layer. At the same time, traditional holes transport layer was removed to save its complex manufacturing process. The addition of GaSe also adjusted the energy band arrangement of the battery, which alleviated the strong potential barrier between the absorber layer and the window layer to improve the carrier transport effectively. The effects of the impurity ratio, thickness, temperature, and defect density on the device performance were also discussed in detail, which provides a reference for experimental preparation and industrial application.
Identification of underexplored mesenchymal and vascular-related cell populations in human skeletal muscle
Authors: Cameron Alasdair , Wakelin Griffen , Gaulton Nicholas , Young Laura V. , Wotherspoon Scott , Hodson Nathan , Lees Matthew J. , Moore Daniel R. , Johnston Adam P.
Published: November 2022

Skeletal muscle repair and maintenance are directly and indirectly supported by interstitial cell populations such as vascular cells and fibro-adipogenic progenitors (FAPs), a subset of which express Twist2 and possess direct myogenic potential. Furthermore, work in rodents has highlighted the potential of pericytes to act as progenitor cells, giving rise to muscle cells and transdifferentiating into endothelial cells. However, less is understood about these populations in human skeletal muscle. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) on ∼2,000 cells isolated from the human semitendinosus muscle of young individuals. This demonstrated the presence of a vascular-related cell type that expressed pericyte and pan-endothelial genes that we localized to large blood vessels within skeletal muscle cross sections and termed endothelial-like pericytes (ELPCs). RNA velocity analysis indicated that ELPCs may represent a “transition state” between endothelial cells and pericytes. Analysis of published scRNAseq data sets revealed evidence for ELPCs in trunk and heart musculature, which showed transcriptional similarity. In addition, we identified a subset of FAPs expressing TWIST2 mRNA and protein. Human TWIST2-expressing cells were anatomically and transcriptionally comparable to mouse Twist2 cells as they were restricted to the myofiber interstitium, expressed fibrogenic genes but lacked satellite cell markers, and colocalized with the FAPs marker PDGFRα in human muscle cross sections. Taken together, these results highlight the complexity of stromal cells residing in human skeletal muscle and support the utility of scRNAseq for discovery and characterization of poorly described cell populations.
Calcium is a noncompetitive inhibitor of DMT1 on the intestinal iron absorption process: empirical evidence and mathematical modeling analysis
Authors: Cegarra Layimar , Aguirre Pabla , Nuñez Marco T. , Gerdtzen Ziomara P. , Salgado J. Cristian
Published: November 2022

Iron absorption is a complex and highly controlled process where DMT1 transports nonheme iron through the brush-border membrane of enterocytes to the cytoplasm but does not transport alkaline-earth metals such as calcium. However, it has been proposed that high concentrations of calcium in the diet could reduce iron bioavailability. In this work, we investigate the effect of intracellular and extracellular calcium on iron uptake by Caco-2 cells, as determined by calcein fluorescence quenching. We found that extracellular calcium inhibits iron uptake by Caco-2 cells in a concentration-dependent manner. Chelation of intracellular calcium with BAPTA did not affect iron uptake, which indicates that the inhibitory effect of calcium is not exerted through intracellular calcium signaling. Kinetic studies performed, provided evidence that calcium acts as a reversible noncompetitive inhibitor of the iron transport activity of DMT1. Based on these experimental results, a mathematical model was developed that considers the dynamics of noncompetitive inhibition using a four-state mechanism to describe the inhibitory effect of calcium on the DMT1 iron transport process in intestinal cells. The model accurately predicts the calcein fluorescence quenching dynamics observed experimentally after an iron challenge. Therefore, the proposed model structure is capable of representing the inhibitory effect of extracellular calcium on DMT1-mediated iron entry into the cLIP of Caco-2 cells. Considering the range of calcium concentrations that can inhibit iron uptake, the possible inhibition of dietary calcium on intestinal iron uptake is discussed.
Tumor necrosis factor α impedes colonic thiamin pyrophosphate and free thiamin uptake: involvement of JNK/ERK1/2-mediated pathways
Authors: Anthonymuthu Selvaraj , Sabui Subrata , Sheikh Alaullah , Fleckenstein James M. , Said Hamid M.
Published: November 2022

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of TNFα (i.e., a predominant proinflammatory cytokine produced during chronic gut inflammation) on colonic uptake of thiamin pyrophosphate (TPP) and free thiamin, forms of vitamin B1 that are produced by the gut microbiota and are absorbed via distinct carrier-mediated systems. We utilized human-derived colonic epithelial CCD841 and NCM460 cells, human differentiated colonoid monolayers, and mouse intact colonic tissue preparations together with an array of cellular/molecular approaches in our investigation. The results showed that exposure of colonic epithelial cells to TNFα leads to a significant inhibition in TPP and free thiamin uptake. This inhibition was associated with: 1) a significant suppression in the level of expression of the colonic TPP transporter (cTPPT; encoded by SLC44A4), as well as thiamin transporters-1 & 2 (THTR-1 & -2; encoded by SLC19A2 & SLC19A3, respectively); 2) marked inhibition in activity of the SLC44A4, SLC19A2, and SLC19A3 promoters; and 3) significant suppression in level of expression of nuclear factors that are needed for activity of these promoters (i.e., CREB-1, Elf-3, NF-1A, SP-1). Furthermore, the inhibitory effects were found to be mediated via JNK and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. We also examined the level of expression of cTPPT and THTR-1 & -2 in colonic tissues of patients with active ulcerative colitis and found the levels to be significantly lower than in healthy controls. These findings demonstrate that exposure of colonocytes to TNFα suppresses TPP and free thiamin uptake at the transcriptional level via JNK- and Erk1/2-mediated pathways.
Forecasting Unplanned Purchase Behavior under Buy-One Get-One-Free Promotions Using Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Authors: Bak SuJin , Yeu Minsun , Jeong Jichai
Published: November 2022

It is very important for consumers to recognize their wrong shopping habits such as unplanned purchase behavior (UPB). The traditional methods used for measuring the UPB in qualitative and quantitative studies have some drawbacks because of human perception and memory. We proposed a UPB identification methodology applied with the brain-computer interface technique using a support vector machine (SVM) along with a functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Hemodynamic signals and behavioral data were collected from 33 subjects by performing Task 1 which included the Buy-One-Get-One-Free (BOGOF) and Task 2 which excluded the BOGOF condition. The acquired data were calculated with 6 time-domain features and then classified them using SVM with 10-cross validations. Thereafter, we evaluated whether the results were reliable using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). As a result, we achieved average accuracy greater than 94%, which is reliable because of the AUC values above 0.97. We found that the UPB brain activity was more relevant to Task 1 with the BOGOF condition than with Task 2 in the prefrontal cortex. UPBs were sufficiently derived from self-reported measurement, indicating that the subjects perceived increased impulsivity in the BOGOF condition. Therefore, this study improves the detection and understanding of UPB as a path for a computer-aided detection perspective for rating the severity of UPBs.
Intervention Mechanism of Niao Du Kang Mixture on the EMT Process of Peritoneal Fibrosis Based on the Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway
Authors: Huang Lin , Wang Zhengxinyi , Li Yanlin
Published: November 2022

Ethnopharmacological Relevance. The Niao Du Kang mixture has been traditionally used in treating chronic kidney disease, and previous studies have shown that this herbal formula can delay the progression of peritoneal fibrosis (PF) in peritoneal dialysis. However, further study is necessary to ascertain the specific mechanism and provide additional scientific basis for the clinical treatment of PF. Aim of the Study. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the intervention mechanism of the Niao Du Kang mixture on the peritoneal fibrosis epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is related to the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods. Quantification of 24-hour urine protein (24 h-Upro) and serum creatinine (Scr) levels was performed. The protein and mRNA expression levels of E-cadherin, α-SMA, collagen I, β-catenin, Wnt-1, and LEF-1 in peritoneal tissue were measured. In addition, the pathological morphology and ultrastructure of peritoneum were observed. Results. After 5/6 nephrectomy + high glucose peritoneal dialysate + lipopolysaccharide (LPS) treatment, the Scr and 24 h-Upro of rats increased compared with normal rats, and the peritoneal tissue was damaged and thickened, showing fibrotic changes. Compared with the model group, the Scr and 24 h-Upro levels and the levels of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Wnt-1, collagen I, and LEF-1 protein expression in each Niao Du Kang mixture dosage group decreased. The protein expression of β-catenin and the mRNA expression of E-cadherin, α-SMA, Wnt-1, collagen I, β-catenin, and LEF-1 decreased in the high and medium Niao Du Kang mixture dose groups. Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that the peritoneum of the rats was not only thicker in the model group than in the sham operation group (

P
<
0.01

) but also accompanied by apparent inflammatory cell infiltration, tissue edema, and fibrosis. Compared with the model group, all the Niao Du Kang mixture groups demonstrated various degrees of mitigation in peritoneal thickness and fibrosis (

P
<
0.01

). The strongest effect was observed in the medium-dose group. Transmission electron microscopy showed that the degree of injury of the peritoneal mesothelial cells was ranked as follows: model group > positive drug group > Niao Du Kang mixture high-dose group. Conclusions. The Niao Du Kang mixture may effectively decrease the peritoneal thickness and fibrosis degree through its effect on the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway involved in EMT. The present study provides data that assist in elucidating the potential function of the Niao Du Kang mixture in treating or preventing PF.
Bilateral Lumbar Facet Synovial Cysts as a Cause of Radiculopathy
Authors: Kasempipatchai Pawin , Kuansongtham Verapan , Ruangchainikom Monchai , Lwin Khin Myat Myat
Published: November 2022

Remarkable advancements in endoscopic spinal surgery have led to successful outcomes comparable to those of conventional open surgery with the benefits of less traumatization and postoperative spinal instability. Bilateral lumbar facet cysts are rarely found in the spinal canal. We report a rare case of L4–L5 bilateral lumbar facet cysts compressing the nerve root in a patient who presented with L5 radiculopathy. Endoscopic decompression and removal of the cysts without fusion were performed. Histopathology revealed synovial cysts. Postoperatively, the patient showed a total resolution of symptoms with sustained benefits at the final evaluation. No recurrence of pain and no further segmental instability were observed at the 1-year follow-up.
Integrated Bioinformatics-Based Identification of Ferroptosis-Related Genes in Carotid Atherosclerosis
Authors: Wei Linfeng , Wang Nan , Li Runsheng , Zhao Hui , Zheng Xin , Deng Zhihui , Sun Zhongwei , Xing Zhuangjie
Published: November 2022

Background. Ferroptosis, a type of cell death caused by phospholipid peroxidation, has lately been linked to the onset and development of numerous illnesses. Numerous investigations have demonstrated the close relationship between lipid peroxidation and carotid atherosclerosis. In order to get new knowledge for targeted therapy, bioinformatics analysis was employed in this study to discover the probable ferroptosis-related genes of carotid atherosclerosis. Methods. The GSE43292 gene expression dataset was downloaded from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. The differentially expressed ferroptosis-related genes were screened by R software and then analyzed by protein-protein interaction (PPI) network, differential gene correlation analysis, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Gene and Genome (KEGG) pathway, and Gene Ontology (GO) terminology enrichment analysis to explore the functional role. Result. In samples of atherosclerosis, we found 33 ferroptosis genes that were differentially expressed, including 21 upregulated genes and 12 downregulated genes. These differentially elevated genes were mainly connected to the ferroptosis and glutathione metabolism pathways, according to GO and KEGG enrichment analysis. We also discovered 10 hub genes and 2 important modules through the analysis of the PPI network and the creation of key modules. Conclusion. The current findings imply that the carotid atherosclerosis phenomenon involves ferroptosis, and 10 important genes associated to ferroptosis may play a role in the development of carotid atherosclerosis. This study offered a novel approach to future research on the carotid atherosclerosis pathogenic processes and treatment targets.
In Vitro and In Vivo Toxicological Evaluation of Avicennia africana P: Beauv. (Avicenniaceae) Leaf Extract in a Rat Model
Authors: Ahmed Mustapha A. , Ameyaw Elvis O. , Ackah-Armah Francis , Acheampong Desmond O. , Gathumbi Peter K. , Adinortey Michael B. , Ghartey-Kwansah George , Otsyina Hope R. , Adokoh Christian K.
Published: November 2022

Avicennia africana is an important ethnomedicinal plant that has long been used to treat malaria and several other diseases. Despite the plant’s antimalarial and other therapeutic properties, there is limited evidence-based data on its potential toxicity. Hence, the purpose of the current study was to assess the safety of A. africana leaf ethanolic extract (AAE). The study was designed to ascertain the cytotoxic effects of the crude extract on red blood cells (RBCs) as well as the acute and subacute toxicity in Wistar albino rats in accordance with Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) guidelines “Test No. 423” and CPMW/SWP/1042/99. The pulverized, shade-dried plant leaves were sequentially macerated with 70% ethanol to obtain the crude extract (AAE). The extract’s cytotoxic activity (CC50) against the uninfected human red blood cells (RBCs) was determined using the 3-(4,5-Dimethylythiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. For the acute toxicity studies, the rats (male and female) were divided randomly into six groups of five rats (n = 5) and dosed orally once with the following dose levels: 100, 300, 1000, 3000, and 5000 mgkg−1, p.o. of the extracted AAE, with the control group receiving only the vehicle. In the repeated dose toxicity studies, the rats (both sexes) were orally administered daily with AAE at 100, 300, and 1000 mgkg−1 for 14 days. Rat body weights were measured, and blood samples were tested for haematological and biochemical markers. Internal organs like the heart, kidney, liver, and spleen were collected, inspected, and weighed, and histological examinations were performed. The median lethal dose (LD50) value is greater than 5000 mgkg−1 body weight, with no significant change in bodyweight or relative organ weight (ROWs) of the extract-treated groups or control group. The extract showed greater cytotoxicity activity (CC50), which was >100 μg/mL, compared to the reference drug (artesunate).The dosage groups of 100 and 300 mgkg−1﻿bwt had neutrophilia and lymphocytopenia (

p
<
0.05

). However, changes in these haematological parameters may not be dose dependent and could be stress related. All the serum biochemical markers studied in rats given AAE did not show any significant change (

p
>
0.05

). Histopathological examination of internal organs of AAE-treated rats did not show any significant abnormalities resulting from the extract treatment compared to the control group. Based on the findings in the present study, the LD50 value of AAE was found to exceed 5000 mgkg−1 in the acute toxicity test, while the no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL) in rats was 1000 mgkg−1 p.o. In the sub-acute toxicity tests. Histopathological analysis revealed no morphological abnormalities in the vital organs.