bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Changing nutrient stoichiometry affects phytoplankton production, DOP accumulation and dinitrogen fixation – a mesocosm experiment in the eastern tropical North Atlantic
Authors: Meyer J. , Löscher C. R. , Neulinger S. C. , Reichel A. F. , Loginova A. , Borchard C. , Schmitz R. A. , Hauss H. , Kiko R. , Riebesell U.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Ocean deoxygenation due to climate change may alter redox-sensitive nutrient cycles in the marine environment. The productive eastern tropical North Atlantic (ETNA) upwelling region may be particularly affected when the relatively moderate oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) deoxygenates further and microbially driven nitrogen (N) loss processes are promoted. Consequently, water masses with a low nitrogen to phosphorus (N : P) ratio could reach the euphotic layer, possibly influencing primary production in those waters. Previous mesocosm studies in the oligotrophic Atlantic Ocean identified nitrate availability as a control of primary production, while a possible co-limitation of nitrate and phosphate could not be ruled out. To better understand the impact of changing N : P ratios on primary production and N2 fixation in the ETNA surface ocean, we conducted land-based mesocosm experiments with natural plankton communities and applied a broad range of N : P ratios (2.67–48). Silicic acid was supplied at 15 µmol L−1 in all mesocosms. We monitored nutrient drawdown, biomass accumulation and nitrogen fixation in response to variable nutrient stoichiometry. Our results confirmed nitrate to be the key factor determining primary production. We found that excess phosphate was channeled through particulate organic matter (POP) into the dissolved organic matter (DOP) pool. In mesocosms with low inorganic phosphate availability, DOP was utilized while N2 fixation increased, suggesting a link between those two processes. Interestingly this observation was most pronounced in mesocosms where nitrate was still available, indicating that bioavailable N does not necessarily suppress N2 fixation. We observed a shift from a mixed cyanobacteria–proteobacteria dominated active diazotrophic community towards a diatom-diazotrophic association of the Richelia-Rhizosolenia symbiosis. We hypothesize that a potential change in nutrient stoichiometry in the ETNA might lead to a general shift within the diazotrophic community, potentially influencing primary productivity and carbon export.
Which are important soil parameters influencing the spatial heterogeneity of 14C in soil organic matter?
Authors: John Stephan , Angst Gerrit , Kirfel Kristina , Preusser Sebastian , Mueller Carsten W. , Leuschner Christoph , Kandeler Ellen , Rethemeyer Janet
Published: February 2016

Abstract. Radiocarbon (14C) analysis is an important tool that can provide information on the dynamics of organic matter in soils. Radiocarbon concentrations of soil organic matter (SOM) however, reflect the heterogeneous mixture of various organic compounds and are affected by different chemical, biological, and physical soil parameters. These parameters can vary strongly in soil profiles and thus affect the spatial distribution of the apparent 14C age of SOM considerably. The heterogeneity of SOM and its 14C signature may be even larger in subsoil horizons, which are thought to receive organic carbon inputs following preferential pathways. This will bias conclusions drawn from 14C analyses of individual soil profiles considerably. We thus investigated important soil parameters, which may influence the 14C distribution of SOM as well as the spatial heterogeneity of 14C distributions in soil profiles. The suspected strong heterogeneity and spatial variability, respectively of bulk SOM is confirmed by the variable 14C distribution in three 185 cm deep profiles in a Dystric Cambisol. The 14C contents are most variable in the C horizons because of large differences in the abundance of roots there. The distribution of root biomass and necromass and its organic carbon input is the most important factor affecting the 14C distribution of bulk SOM. The distance of the soil profiles to a beech did not influence the horizontal and vertical distribution of roots and 14C concentrations. Other parameters were found to be of minor importance including microbial biomass-derived carbon and soil texture. The microbial biomass however, may promote a faster turnover of SOM at hot spots resulting in lower 14C concentration there. Soil texture had no statistically significant influence on the spatial 14C distribution of bulk SOM. However, SOM in fine silt and clay sized particles (< 6.3 µm) yields slightly higher 14C concentrations than bulk SOM particularly at greater soil depth, which is in contrast to previous studies where silt and clay fractions contained older SOM stabilized by organo-mineral interaction. 14C contents of fine silt and clay correlate with the microbial biomass-derived carbon suggesting a considerable contribution of microbial-derived organic carbon. In conclusion, 14C analyses of bulk SOM mainly reflect the spatial distribution of roots, which is strongly variable even on a small spatial scale of few meters. This finding should be considered when using 14C analysis to determine SOM.
Influence of Atmospheric Stratification on the Integral Scale and Fractal Dimension of Turbulent Flows
Authors: Tijera M. , Maqueda G. , Yagüe C.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. In this work the relation between integral scale and fractal dimension and the type of stratification in fully developed turbulence is analyzed. Integral scale corresponds to that in which energy from larger scales is incoming into turbulent regime. One of the aims of this study is the understanding of the relation between the integral scale and the Bulk Richardson number, which is one the most widely used indicators of stability close to the ground in atmospheric studies. This parameter will allow us to verify the influence of the degree of stratification over the integral scale of the turbulent flows in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL). The influence of the diurnal and night cycle in the relationship between the fractal dimension and integral scale is also analyzed. Fractal dimension of wind components is a turbulent flow characteristic as it has been shown in previous works, where its relation to stability was highlighted. Fractal dimension and integral scale of the horizontal (u') and vertical (w') velocity fluctuations have been calculated using the mean wind direction as framework. The scales are obtained using sonic anemometer data from three elevations 5.8 m, 13 m and 32 m above the ground measured during the SABLES-98 field campaign. In order to estimate the integral scales a method that combines the normalized autocorrelation function and the best gaussian fit (R2 ≥ 0.70) has been developed. Finally, by comparing, at the same height, the scales of u' and w' velocity components it is found that almost always the turbulent flows are anisotropic.
Multiscale analysis of nitrogen adsorption and desorption isotherms in soils with contrasting pedogenesis and texture
Authors: Paz-Ferreiro Jorge , de A. Marinho Mara , de Abreu Cleide A. , Vidal-Vázquez Eva
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The specific surface area (SSA) of a soil is commonly estimated from adsorption isotherms determined in a limited range of relative pressures (p/p0), admitting a non fractal model. Nitrogen adsorption (NAI) and desorption (NDI) isotherms determined over the full range of p/p0 have been described using the multifractal approach. This study aimed to assess effects of soil texture on the multifractality of NAIs and NDIs, and to analyze the association between multifractal parameters and soil properties. Six soil profiles were taken to get two groups of samples with contrasting pedogenetic origin, texture (medium or clayey), susceptibility to water erosion and quality for agricultural uses. These two soil groups also were significant differences in SSA and cation exchange capacity (CEC), but not in organic matter content (OMC). Consistent with previous studies, the scaling properties of both NAIs and NDIs from all the soil horizons studied could be fitted reasonably well with multifractal models. Values of parameters D−5, D1, D2 and D5, extracted from the generalized dimension function, Dq, were higher for clayey soils during adsorption, but during desorption all of them were higher for medium textured soils. Therefore, the measure was more evenly distributed for clayey soils during adsorption and for medium textured soils during desorption. Width of Dq function given by parameter (D−5–D5) was significantly higher clayey soils for NAIs, but not significant differences were detected for NDIs; subsequently scaling heterogeneity of NAIs was higher for clayey than for medium textured soil. Differences in multifractal behaviour of NAIs and NDIs were consistent with a wider hysteresis loop of the medium texture soils compared to that of the clayey soils. Linear correlations were found between parameters D−5 and (D−5–D5) and clay content or SSA, which were positive and negative for NAIs and NDIs, respectively. Agronomical and environmental characterization of these soil groups with contrasting properties be enhanced by evaluating SSA and by inspecting NAIs and NDIs for multifractality.
Effect of soil property uncertainties on permafrost thaw projections: a calibration-constrained analysis
Authors: Harp D. R. , Atchley A. L. , Painter S. L. , Coon E. T. , Wilson C. J. , Romanovsky V. E. , Rowland J. C.
Published: February 2016

Abstract. The effects of soil property uncertainties on permafrost thaw projections are studied using a three-phase subsurface thermal hydrology model and calibration-constrained uncertainty analysis. The null-space Monte Carlo method is used to identify soil hydrothermal parameter combinations that are consistent with borehole temperature measurements at the study site, the Barrow Environmental Observatory. Each parameter combination is then used in a forward projection of permafrost conditions for the 21st century (from calendar year 2006 to 2100) using atmospheric forcings from the Community Earth System Model (CESM) in the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) 8.5 greenhouse gas concentration trajectory. A 100-year projection allows for the evaluation of predictive uncertainty (due to soil property (parametric) uncertainty) and the inter-annual climate variability due to year to year differences in CESM climate forcings. After calibrating to measured borehole temperature data at this well-characterized site, soil property uncertainties are still significant and result in significant predictive uncertainties in projected active layer thickness and annual thaw depth-duration even with a specified future climate. Inter-annual climate variability in projected soil moisture content and Stefan number are small. A volume- and time-integrated Stefan number decreases significantly, indicating a shift in subsurface energy utilization in the future climate (latent heat of phase change becomes more important than heat conduction). Out of 10 soil parameters, ALT, annual thaw depth-duration, and Stefan number are highly dependent on mineral soil porosity, while annual mean liquid saturation of the active layer is highly dependent on the mineral soil residual saturation and moderately dependent on peat residual saturation. By comparing the ensemble statistics to the spread of projected permafrost metrics using different climate models, we quantify the relative magnitude of soil property uncertainty to another source of permafrost uncertainty, structural climate model uncertainty. We show that the effect of calibration-constrained uncertainty in soil properties, although significant, is less than that produced by structural climate model uncertainty for this location.
Un Modelo de Gravedad Aplicado a las Exportaciones en Nicaragua
Authors: Morales Rivas Oliver David , Antonio Duarte Nicolás , Marcia Guillermo
Published: February 2016

El presente ensayo tiene como fin aplicar un modelo gravitacional para las exportaciones y determinar el impacto de algunos acuerdos comerciales suscritos por Nicaragua desde el año de 1994 al periodo 2013, para evaluar empíricamente se utilizó la metodología de datos a panel con estimación de efectos fijos. Los hallazgos establecen que las variables que capturan el efecto de los acuerdos comerciales tienen una gran relevancia en el incremento de las exportaciones, siendo el acuerdo ALBA el que resulto de mayor magnitud. Ahora, bien la evidencia empírica demuestra que las exportaciones en Nicaragua, son muy sensibles a los costos de transporte; significa que una aumento de 1 por ciento en estos reduce en 15.6 por ciento el valor de las exportaciones del país de origen. El incremento en el PIB real tanto de país de origen como el de destino genera un impacto marginal de 0.58 por ciento para explicar las exportaciones nicaragüenses.REICE Vol.3(6) 2015: 1-13
Bibliotecas universitárias e a acessibilidade aos usuários surdos e com deficiência auditiva
Authors: Miranda Sulamita Nicolau de , Miranda Marcos Luiz Cavalcanti de
Published: February 2016

Introdução: Aborda a questão da acessibilidade aos usuários surdos e com deficiência auditiva em bibliotecas universitárias analisando o Sistema de Bibliotecas da Universidade Federal do Estado do Rio de Janeiro – UNIRIO/UNIBIBLI.

Objetivos: verificar a adoção das recomendações das Diretrizes para Serviços de Biblioteca para Surdos (DSBS) da IFLA pelas bibliotecas do Sistema UNIBIBLI; identificar quais itens recomendados pelas DSBS são adotados pelas bibliotecas do UNBIBLI para garantir o atendimento aos usuários surdos e com deficiência auditiva; verificar se o UNIBIBLI tem uma política de acessibilidade que atenda às necessidades dos usuários surdos e com deficiência auditiva; identificar quais os parâmetros de acessibilidade adotados pelas bibliotecas analisadas no atendimento aos usuários surdos e com deficiência auditiva.

Metodologia: Adota-se a metodologia exploratória com abordagem qualitativa, os instrumentos de coleta de dados utilizados foram o questionário e a entrevista.

Resultados: Apontam que o UNIBIBLI não tem uma política de acessibilidade que atenda as especificidades dos usuários surdos e com deficiência auditiva, e que o Sistema adota parcialmente os itens recomendados pelas Diretrizes para Serviços de Bibliotecas para Surdos da IFLA, mas manifestou interesse em adequar-se às referidas recomendações.
Conclusões: A questão da acessibilidade não pode ser encarada apenas como o cumprimento da legislação e normas técnicas, é imprescindível que os profissionais que atuam nas bibliotecas estejam cientes de seus papéis perante a sociedade e da função social da biblioteca.
Preâmbulos à preservação digital na rede de bibliotecas da Fiocruz: estudo exploratório sobre a construção de ações institucionais voltadas à salvaguarda de suas coleções
Authors: Barata Manoel Silva , Saldanha Gustavo Silva
Published: February 2016

Introdução: Apresenta uma contribuição teórico-empírica ao domínio da preservação nos estudos biblioteconômicos no que tange às informações técnico-científicas armazenadas em suportes digitais.

Objetivo: Compreender a ação do bibliotecário na preservação da memória técnico-científica digital contemporânea sob o ponto de vista biblioteconômico, a partir de análise sobre a Rede de Bibliotecas da Fiocruz.

Metodologia: Análise teórica: através de revisão da literatura sobre a razão filosófica para “preservar” e o papel “discursivo” da preservação no contexto da Biblioteconomia; análise empírica: através da aplicação de questionários com entrevistas aos bibliotecários atuantes da Rede de Bibliotecas da Fiocruz, levantamento secundário, a partir de questionários autoaplicados no quadro de bibliotecários participantes em um fórum específico de preservação na instituição. 

Resultados: O estudo permitiu obter resultados oriundos da reflexão teórica e empírica sobre a ação do bibliotecário em benefício da preservação digital, sob o ponto de vista biblioteconômico, no contexto da Rede de Bibliotecas da Fiocruz.
Conclusões: A preservação da memória técnico-científica digital, diferentemente da memória técnico-científica analógica, caracteriza-se por ser mais complexa quando tratamos da noção de durabilidade e da noção de confiabilidade, e demanda uma constante reavaliação interdisciplinar. Entende-se que atualmente este tema pode ser investigado por diversas disciplinas acadêmicas, dentre elas está a Biblioteconomia.
Comunidades de prática: um estudo de caso REDARTE/RJ
Authors: Melo Elisete De Sousa , Almeida Mariza Costa
Published: February 2016

Introdução: As redes desempenham um papel cada vez mais importante na sociedade.

Objetivo: Identificar e analisar quais características da Rede de Bibliotecas e Centros de Informação em Arte no Estado do Rio de Janeiro (REDARTE/RJ) se assemelham às de comunidades de prática (CoP) e, caso positivo, verificar se as características observadas podem contribuir para  a maior integração das ações desenvolvidas pelos profissionais de informação em Arte e suas instituições.

Metodologia: Estudo de caso baseado em pesquisa do tipo descritiva e exploratória com abordagem qualitativa e quantitativa que utilizou para coleta de dados pesquisa documental, entrevista e aplicação de questionário. Identifica pontos fortes e pontos de melhoria.

Resultados: Constata-se que a REDARTE/RJ pode ser caracterizada como uma comunidade de prática, pois possui as características essenciais deste tipo de organização: o domínio, a comunidade e a prática, nas suas atividades, produtos e serviços.
Conclusões: Os pontos fortes e melhoria são identificados, bem como são apresentadas recomendações estratégias de CoP para potencializar as ações da Rede.
Portuguese Haemophilia Registry
Authors: Saavedra Vasco , Santos Beatriz , Ferreira Carlos , Teixeira Leonor
Published: February 2016

National Patient Registries (NPR) have an important role in the management of haemophilia and other inherited bleeding disorders, representing powerful instruments to support healthcare and research. Computer software to assist the NPR is crucial, as it facilitates the introduction of the data from a national universe that will be centralized and merged into a unique location, thus ensuring a greater reliability and accuracy of the collected data, avoiding duplication of patients. In Portugal, despite the efforts and recognition of the need of a NPR, just recently the protocol for the establishment of the computer software to support the Portuguese National Registry of Haemophilia and other Congenital Coagulopathies (PorR H&CC) was approved. This paper aims to present this newly developed computerized solution, as well as to report the main variables and information that will be available. The development of this application, which includes a set of sociodemographic, clinical and treatment data, was based on the principles of WFH, and the database that supports the NPR, with anonymized data, is operated and maintained in accordance with the Data Protection Law. Currently, the first data are available on the application. Our focus now is to ensure more registries and continuous data entry in order to have complete information on the characterization of the haemophilia patient population in Portugal.
Allelopathic Impact of Sorghum and Sunflower on Germinability and Seedling Growth of Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)
Authors: Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro  , Habib-ur-Rehman Memon  , Mahmood Laghari  , Abdul Wahid Baloch  , Muhammad Ali Ansari
Published: February 2016

Sorghum and sunflower are considered as highly allelopathic plants with inhibitory efficacy on plants of other species. In a pot study, the phytotoxic potential of sorghum and sunflower shoot and root on germination and seedling growth of cotton was evaluated through soil incorporation of powders and spray of water extracts. The experiment was conducted at | department of Agronomy, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam during Kharif (summer) 2010 and 2011. The analysis of pooled data suggested that all the powders and water extracts of both allelopathic crops caused substantial suppression of germination and related traits of cotton seedlings as compared to control (untreated). Sorghum shoot powder (10 g kg-1 soil) caused highest allelopathic effects and reduced cotton seed germination by 12.8%, root length by 45.4%, shoot length by 51.9%, fresh weight seedling-1 by 41.7% and dry weight seedling-1 by 36.7%, followed by sunflower shoot powder (10 g kg-1 soil) in phytotoxic efficiency for inhibiting seed germination, seedling growth and weight in contrast to control (untreated). Sorghum showed superiority over sunflower in allelopathic efficiency. Powder of both crops was found more allelopathic in contrast to water extract. Among plant parts phytotoxic potential, shoot proved higher in inhibitory effect than root. However, it was concluded from the results of present study that both sorghum and sunflower possess allelopathic compounds with growth suppressing ability which could be utilized for effective weed management in cotton under field conditions as eco-friendly low-cost alternate of herbicides with wise strategy.
Empiriske metoder i sprogvidenskabelig forskning
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning
Published: February 2016

I presume an interdependent connection between the empiric basis chosen for linguistic research and the possible methods used by the linguist. Considering that the use of self-made (often unnatural) sentences and the reliability of linguistic tests are dubious methods, the ananlysis of texts will be the best method in all difficult cases.
Tekstlingvistik: regelmæssigheder og love
Authors: Lundquist Lita
Published: February 2016

This paper gives an exposition of how texts are governed by different regularities or "rules": rules of coordination, inference and connectivity. The interaction of these rules in argumentative texts is demonstrated.
Textsortenkonventionen und Übersetzen
Authors: Reiss Katharina
Published: February 2016

Intet abstract
Strukturel semantik og formel leksikalsk repræsentation
Authors: Feil Ruth M.E. , Laursen Bo
Published: February 2016

This paper deals with lexical semantics from a European structuralist point of view. Three fundamentals of the tradition are treated: 1) 'meaning' viewed as 'sense' and not 'reference', 2) the semantic interdependence between words, and 3) componential analysis of lexical meaning. The structuralist approach to lexical semantics is commented upon with respect to its adequacy as a theory for the description of word meaning and to its explicitness in view of a formal representation of word meaning.
Two new bibliographies about special language research
Authors: Mikkelsen Hans Kristian
Published: February 2016

Intet abstract
Data, Corpora, and Linguistic Research
Authors: Jensen Per Anker , Sørensen Finn , Vikner Carl
Published: February 2016

Intet abstract
2nd International Eindhoven LSP Conference, 3-6 August 1988
Authors: Andersen Birger , Laursen Anna-Lise , Pilegaard Morten , Trosborg Anna
Published: February 2016

Intet abstract
D.A. Cruse: Lexical Semantics. Cambridge. Cambridge University Press. 1986.310 s.
Authors: Laursen Bo
Published: February 2016

Intet abstract
Discursive Constructions of International Education: How University Lecturers ’Talk’ about International Students
Authors: Kastberg Peter , Tange Hanne
Published: February 2016

There is seemingly no end to the difficulties that can arise in the international classroom. Stories abound about issues such as silence, students’ reticence, learner autonomy (or lack thereof), which seem to suggest an unsuccessful transfer of academic knowledge and skills across tasks, contexts and cultures. The current paper will neither offer another problem for us to ponder, nor another solution to the proverbial us-them divide. Instead we shall explore the possible frames of reference that underpin this appreciation of ’the problematic Other‘ in the international classroom. Our central argument is that ‘the problematic Other‘ in international education, here personified by international exchange students, is discursively constructed by university lecturers and students. Among the discursive constructions we see as particularly problematic are those of knowledge ‘transfer’ and ’gap‘ which are consequently examined and deconstructed as part of our discussion. Instead we propose that the new discursive constructions of knowledge ’transformation‘ and ’asymmetry‘ be used. Our initial presuppositions concerning ’discourses of deficit‘ are tested in the analysis. Through an examination of qualitative research interviews with lecturers involved in international teaching, we demonstrate how the problematic discursive constructions of ’gap‘ and ’transfer‘ can be found in the way lecturers talk about their students, but also how at least some respondents embrace the more inclusive idea of transformation. This leads to a concluding discussion in which we suggest that a change in the way we talk and write about international education and students can result in a heightened sensitivity when it comes to understanding and appreciating the practices of ‘the problematic Other’.
Realizing Dignity for Enhancing Intercultural Competence
Authors: Breunig Steven
Published: February 2016

The aim of this paper is to present the concept of dignity as a refl ective concept that may serve as a strategy for enhancing intercultural competence. Within the field of intercultural communication, intercultural competence seeks to impart essential knowledge and skills for engaging in intercultural encounters with cognitive, behavioral and affective competence. Dignity contributes to intercultural competence by enabling persons to view the social world anew.

In this paper, dignity is conceptualized as the development and self-expression of persons free from social categorization, while acknowledging human vulnerability towards the social and material world. In intercultural encounters, a person may indeed sense their vulnerability due to a lack of social orientation, cultural awareness and language skills. Simultaneously, the vulnerability of the Other may be neglected with implications for effective and appropriate interaction between a Self and a culturally dissimilar Other. Accordingly, it is proposed that emotional regulation is essential for realizing dignity as an aspect of intercultural competence.

Research on social dynamics and identity and the emotions is not without its precedence within intercultural communication. This project contributes to the objectives of intercultural communication and competence by theorizing how awareness of social dynamics and emotional regulation may support the realization of dignity during intercultural encounters. Dignity may complement other strategies related to cognitive, behavioral and affective competence for engaging in effective and appropriate communication.
Marcadores argumentativos del contraste y discurso judicial: un estudio propedéutico para la traducción (Argumentative Discourse Markers of Contrast in Judicial Discourse: A Translation-oriented Study)
Authors: Pontrandolfo Gianluca
Published: February 2016

The present paper stems from a contrastive corpus-based study of phraseology in Spanish, Italian and English criminal judgments (Pontrandolfo 2013).

By exploring the Corpus of Criminal Judgments (COSPE), a large comparable trilingual corpus (Spanish, Italian, English) of approximately 6 million words, the present paper aims at investigating the close relationship among specialised discourse, discourse markers and translation.

The focus of the study is on special particles which play a pivotal role in judicial texts: “contrargumentative markers” (Portolés 1998, Montolío 2001) or “antioriented argumentative markers” (Escandell 2013), which, following Rudolph (1996) have been labeled “argumentative markers of contrast”.

The primary objective of the paper is to carry out a quantitative analysis of the distribution of this type of discourse markers in COSPE, as well as a qualitative analysis aimed at characterising the markers uses in COSPE and identifying trends of use in judicial discourse. The secondary objective, which nevertheless guides the whole study, is to carry out a legal translation-oriented analysis. Indeed, studying discourse markers is a necessary precondition for translators, since the semantic and pragmatic relations conveyed by these particles and their distributional differences represent the guidelines for the selection of adequate translation solutions (cf. Visconti 2000, Garofalo 2006).

From a methodological point of view, the study combines a qualitative approach oriented at the discourse genre (cf. Bhatia 1993, Garofalo 2009) with a more qualiquantitative approach based on corpus linguistics, more specifi cally on corpus-assisted discourse studies (Partington 2004, Partington et al. 2013).
Critical Genre Analysis: Theoretical Preliminaries
Authors: Bhatia Vijay K.
Published: February 2016

Genre theory has generally focused on the analysis of generic constructs with some attention to the contexts in which such genres are produced, interpreted, and used, often giving the impression as if producing and interpreting genres is an end in itself, rather than a means to an end. As a consequence, there has been very little attention paid to professional practice, which is the ultimate objective of these discursive activities. It is thus necessary to develop a more comprehensive and multiperspective genre analytical framework to analyze interdiscursive performance in professional practice. In this paper, I propose such a multiperspective critical genre analytical framework and attempt to discuss some of the key theoretical perspectives underlying critical genre theory.
Interdiscursivity in Public Relations Communication: Appropriation of Genre and Genre Resources
Authors: Lung Jane
Published: February 2016

Undoubtedly, in recent years, the world as a whole, as well as the present world of work, has seen rapid changes which have served to bring about fundamental changes to work practices. Employees and trainers are thus facing greater challenges to achieve the required competency needed in this changing workplace environment. Bhatia (2013) observes that while the analyses of legal discourse have focused largely on ‘discursive practices’, very little effort has been given to studying ‘critical performance’ in professional legal practices, which is distinct from discursive practices. For this reason, this paper aims to show why discursive output has proved insufficient in the dynamic and complex discourse world of the present day workplace, as well as how the application of Critical Genre Analysis (CGA) greatly assists our understanding of it. By using critical genre theory, this paper looks more closely at interdiscursivity in public relations (PR) involving professional communication and how this in turn results in greater understanding of the changing workplace environment of the PR profession and helps individual PR practitioners cope with the challenges that they face. To achieve these aims, this study includes (i) in-depth interviews with public relations practitioners to gain their perceptions of their daily activities and the language and communication skills required by public relations practitioners to improve their effective professional communication, and (ii) critical genre analysis of the production of PR/communication plans, in particular, the Executive Summary and the Situation Analysis Section of the plans, to show the interaction between discursive and professional practices in the “socio-pragmatic space” of public relations contexts and how interdiscursivity is built into PR genres. For example, in order to examine the appropriation of genre and genre resources, it is interesting to consider: (i) in what way the Executive Summary of the PR/communication plans satisfies the requirements of sales promotional materials, and (ii) how in a very subtle manner, promotional elements are incorporated in the Situation Analysis Section, resulting in a mixed and embedded genre and discourse, achieving a mixture of  communicative purposes in the communicative context: to report and to recommend communicative actions as well as to achieve ‘private intentions’ within the context of ‘socially recognized communicative purposes’ (Bhatia 2002).
Challenges and Opportunities in Accessing Discourse Data in Business Settings: Some Reflections on Research Experiences
Authors: Camiciottoli Belinda Crawford
Published: February 2016

This article offers some refl ections on research experiences in relation to both challenges and opportunities involved in gaining access to authentic corporate data, also in situations where direct personal contacts within companies are lacking. Business organizations are highly intent on protecting their confidentiality and sensitive information, and are thus notoriously reluctant to open their doors to ‘outsiders’. Clearly, this sceptical attitude represents a challenge for discourse analysts who focus on business genres that are produced within companies. The discussion will also include insights gleaned from contacts with a professional who operates externally to companies, but was nonetheless able to shed interpretive light on the results of an analysis and possible motives behind access challenges, while suggesting strategies for going forward. With reference to opportunities, I reflect on an interdisciplinary research experience with colleagues from the field of marketing that provides a fresh perspective on acquiring data in a non-intrusive way. This research highlights the fruitful combination of marketing research processes and in-depth language study in order to collect and analyse data of interest to companies, while exploring new ways to connect business discourse research with professional practice.
Proposals for the Writing of Peer Reviews in Lexicography
Authors: Bergenholtz Henning , Gouws Rufus
Published: February 2016

In lexicography a good review is important for the dictionary maker(s), the publishing house and the whole lexicographical community. It is also important for the reviewers because it can expand their research record. Up to a few years ago reviews were still acknowledged in research databases. Currently they can be included in a database, but they do not count as scientific outputs. The situation for peer reviews is similar. Peer reviews are an important quality assurance tool in the scientific publication process. Good peer reviews have some mutual characteristics with reviews, especially regarding ethical aspects. But there are essential differences. These issues are discussed in this paper and some methodological and ethical proposals for peer reviews are made. One of the proposals could create a debate because it argues for an open peer review process and not for the so-called double blind peer review. Another proposal focuses on the role of the editor and his ability to decide if a peer review should be rejected and not be forwarded to the author.
Bilingual Dictionaries for Communication in the Domain of Economics: Function-Based Translation Dictionaries
Authors: Nielsen Sandro
Published: February 2016

With their focus on terms, bilingual dictionaries are important tools for translating texts on economics. The most common type is the multi-field dictionary covering several related subject fields; however, multi-field dictionaries treat one or few fields extensively thereby neglecting other fields in contrast to single-field and sub-field dictionaries. Furthermore, recent research shows that economic translation is not limited to terms so lexicographers who identify and analyse the needs of translators, usage situations and stages in translating economic texts will have a sound basis for designing their lexicographic tools. The function theory allows lexicographers to study these basics so that they can offer translation tools to the domain of economics. Dictionaries should include data about terms, their grammatical properties, and their combinatorial potential as well as language varieties such as British, American and international English to indicate syntactic options and restrictions on language use. Secondly, translators need to know the meaning of domain-specific terms to properly understand the differences in the structure of the domains in the cultures involved. Finally, pragmatic data will tell authors and translators how textual resources are conventionally used and what is textually appropriate in communication within the fi eld of economics. The focus will mainly be on translations between Danish and English.
"Notional Grammar": Kausalitet i ESP
Authors: Andersen Birger
Published: February 2016

The present paper describes the approach to language description and teaching known as "notional grammar" and argues that ESP research and teaching may benefit substantially from this approach, especially in the form proposed by Louis Trimble. The approach is illustrated by a research project which proposes to analyse the criteria for choice of textual and syntactic expressions of causality in ESP texts.
Synonymische Beziehungen im Wortschatz and Wörterbucheinträge
Authors: Herberg Dieter
Published: February 2016

By the example of synonymy the author shows requirements, possibilities and limits of representing macrostructural semantic relations of the vocabulary in a universal monolingual dictionary.

The basis of the investigation are 10 common German-language dictionaries; the examples are all synonyms of the words Weltall and Weltraum.

After showing the problem and the latest state of scientific research the author proposes to refer consequently to synonyms in the dictionary. Such a theoreticallly based method would enable the user of the dictionary to discover the synonymic relations which are concealed by the alphabetically arranged entries.
Signification, sens et référence du mot
Authors: Rastier François
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Samfundsforskning og tekst - det skotske tilfælde som metodisk problem
Authors: Halkier Henrik
Published: February 2016

The present paper explores some possible links between linguistics and social science, departing from an example of textual analysis originating in research in progress. Particular attention is paid to the characteristics of historical textual analysis and to the relationship between social phenomena and the concepts employed by social scientists. It is argued that the presence of common theoretical problems and shared methodologies provides an interesting starting point for future interdisciplinary research and for up-to-date teaching of post-graduate students.
Wanted: Fagsproglig grundlagsdiskussion
Authors: Kromann Hans-Peder
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Replik til artikel af Kirsten Wølch Rasmussen i Hermes 4 - 1990
Authors: Dyrberg Gunhild , Faber Dorrit , Hansen Steffen Leo , Tournay Joan
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Vagle, Wenche: Radiospråket - talt eller skrevet? Syntaktiske og pragmatiske tilnærminger i semiotisk perspektiv. Novus Forlag, Oslo 1990. Oslo-studier i språkvitenskap bd. 6
Authors: Poulsen Ib
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Fachlexicographie: Die Termnologiedatenbank Internationale Projektierung als fachliches Dokumentations- und Informationssystem, als Hilfsmittel bei der Textrezeption, -produktion und -translation sowie als Lehr-/Lernmittel
Authors: Schaeder Burkhard
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Reaktion på Bernt Møllers anmeldelse af Clausens tekniske ordbog dansk-fransk
Authors: Blaaberg Hanne
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Nissen, Gunnar: Hvorfor siger man det? Århus: Centrum 1990. 125 s. Kr. 98,00
Authors: Lauridsen Ole
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Notes sur la microstructure en lexicographie monolingue et en lexicographie bilingue
Authors: Boysen Gerhard
Published: February 2016

L'auteur d'un dictionnaire bilingue, même s'il est conscient des différences théoriques et méthodiques qui séparent la lexicographie monolingue et la lexicographie bilingue, travaille néanmoins, le plus souvent, à partir de matériaux qu'il trouve dans les dictionnaires monolingues. Le but des remarques qui suivent est de discuter quelques-uns des problèmes qui se présentent, dans la rédaction d'ún dictionnaire bilingue italien-danois, à partir des grands dictionnaires monolingues italiens. Je parlerai des problèmes suivants: 1. Nombre des équivalents. 2. Ordre des équivalents. 3. Différenciation sémantique. 4. Information syntaxique.
Gläser, Rosemarie: Fachtextsorten im Englischen. Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag 1990. 331 Seiten
Authors: Engberg Jan
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Les syntagmes nominaux complexes dans les textes juridiques français
Authors: Baron Irène
Published: February 2016

With its point of departure in the verb valency theory, the present article introduces a classification of complex NPs in French legal texts. The heads of the NPs are subdivided into predicative and non-predicative nouns: predicative when they show the same valency pattern as verbs and non-predicative when they do not. The two classes may have bound and free expansions in the form of both complements and modifiers. The final classification of the NPs thus consists of eight different categories. The syntactic distrinction between predicative and non-predicative nouns is supplemented, on the semantic level, by a gradable scale, ranging from the concrete to the abstract, along which the nouns are placed according to their degree of predication, i.e. according to the number of valents.
Frans Gregersen & Inge Lise Pedersen (eds.): The Copenhagen Study in Urban Sociolinguistics. Copenhagen 1991 (446 p).
Authors: Vigsø Orla
Published: February 2016

Kjell Lars Berge & Ulla-Britt Kotsinas (eds.): Storstadsspråk och storstadskultur i Norden. Stockholm 1991 (234 p).
Jens Hare Hansen: Fagsproglig kommunikation i tekniske brochurer. En undersøgelse af udvalgt informationsmateriale fra landbrugsmaskinesektoren. Aalborg, 1992
Authors: Ditlevsen Marianne Grove , Nielsen Anne Ellerup
Published: February 2016

(= Arbejdspapirer fra Institut for sprog og internationale kulturstudier ved Aalborg Universitetscenter, nr. 19).
Radegundis Stolze: Hermeneutisches Übersetzen. Linguistische Kategorien des Verstehens und Formulierens beim Übersetzen (= Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik, 368). Tübingen: Gunter Narr Verlag, 1992
Authors: Engberg Jan
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Rolf H. Bremmer & Arend Quak (Hrsg.): Zur Phonologie und Morphologie des Altniederländischen. Odense: Odense University Press, 1992
Authors: Lauridsen Ole
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Niels Davidsen-Nielsen: Engelsk udtale i hovedtræk. Odense: Odense University Press, 1991
Authors: Hald Niels
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Negotiating in a Foreign Language
Authors: Bülow-Møller Anne Marie
Published: February 2016

This study examines characteristic features of simulated negotiations between native and non-native speakers. The difficulties encountered by the non-native group are stratified according to footing, where five different layers are found: interpersonal, intergroup, intercultural, interlanguage, and game-frame.
"Push" and "Pull" Moves in Hispanic and Swedish Negotiation Talk
Authors: Fant Lars
Published: February 2016

In negotiations recorded on video-tape under near-identical conditions in Mexico, Spain and Sweden, two types of action were studied, defined as (1) affirming one's own party's position or image ("push"), and (2) attracting the other party by means of strengthening that party's position and image, or by underscoring the bonds between each parties ("pull"). A tentative typology of "push" vs. "pull" moves is proposed, including three mixed types, which are named "disguised", "linked" and "ambiguous" push/pull moves. The three nationality groups are compared in terms of the suggested typology, and analogous features are found between conversational analysis data and sociological/anthropological reports on Scandinavian, Spanish and Mexican culture.
Fagordbøger: Ideal og pragmatik
Authors: Kaufmann Uwe
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Gerhard Boysen: Fransk grammatik. København: Munksgaard, 1992
Authors: Birkelund Merete
Published: February 2016

No abstract.
Differentiating between access, interaction and participation
Authors: Carpentier Nico
Published: February 2016

Participation has regained a remarkable presence in academic debates within Communication and Media Studies, amongst other fields and disciplines. At the same time, the concept of participation has remained vague because of its frequent and diverse usages and its intrinsically political nature, which renders it difficult to use in an academic context. Conceptual clarity is generated through a combination of negative-relationist and interdisciplinary strategies. The former means that an argument is made in favour of a more focussed meaning of participation, on the basis of a comparison with two other concepts, access and interaction. The interdisciplinary strategy consists of a broad theoretical re-reading that focuses on the academic literature in which these distinctions are made, or where the independent nature of one of the three concepts is particularly emphasized. At the end of this text, the different meanings of access, interaction and participation are structured and integrated in a model, which is labelled the AIP model.
Non-canonical antagonism of PI3K by the kinase Itpkb delays thymocyte β-selection and renders it Notch-dependent
Authors: Westernberg Luise , Conche Claire , Huang Yina Hsing , Rigaud Stephanie , Deng Yisong , Siegemund Sabine , Mukherjee Sayak , Nosaka Lyn'Al , Das Jayajit , Sauer Karsten
Published: February 2016

β-selection is the most pivotal event determining αβ T cell fate. Here, surface-expression of a pre-T cell receptor (pre-TCR) induces thymocyte metabolic activation, proliferation, survival and differentiation. Besides the pre-TCR, β-selection also requires co-stimulatory signals from Notch receptors - key cell fate determinants in eukaryotes. Here, we show that this Notch-dependence is established through antagonistic signaling by the pre-TCR/Notch effector, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), and by inositol-trisphosphate 3-kinase B (Itpkb). Canonically, PI3K is counteracted by the lipid-phosphatases Pten and Inpp5d/SHIP-1. In contrast, Itpkb dampens pre-TCR induced PI3K/Akt signaling by producing IP4, a soluble antagonist of the Akt-activating PI3K-product PIP3. Itpkb-/- thymocytes are pre-TCR hyperresponsive, hyperactivate Akt, downstream mTOR and metabolism, undergo an accelerated β-selection and can develop to CD4+CD8+ cells without Notch. This is reversed by inhibition of Akt, mTOR or glucose metabolism. Thus, non-canonical PI3K-antagonism by Itpkb restricts pre-TCR induced metabolic activation to enforce coincidence-detection of pre-TCR expression and Notch-engagement.