bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acoustic time-dependent energy from force excited fluid loaded elastic shell/panel structures via a generalized modal radiation impulse response approach
Authors: Stepanishen Peter R.
Published: April 2021

A generalized modal radiation impulse response approach is presented to evaluate the space-time surface velocity field, time-dependent force, instantaneous power, and energy transfer into a fluid resulting from the space-time force distribution of fluid loaded plate, shell, and panel structures. The basic approach utilizes the in vacuo eigenvectors of the structure to determine the in fluid response of the structure. Self-and mutual modal radiation impulse responses that couple the modal velocities of the fluid loaded structures are used to express the modal time-dependent velocities as a set of coupled convolution integral equations. A canonical fluid loaded single degree of freedom vibrator is addressed to illustrate the basic approach. A fluid loaded admittance impulse response is introduced and plays a central role in the analysis to evaluate the normal velocity resulting from a specified external force. A time-dependent energy equation is also introduced to investigate the temporal evolution of the internal energy loss and the energy transfer to the fluid. Numerical results are presented for an impulsive excitation of the fluid loaded single degree of freedom vibrator which serves as a canonical problem for investigating the response of complex structures.
Luminore CopperTouch Surface Coating Effectively Inactivates SARS-CoV-2, Ebola Virus, and Marburg Virus
In Vitro
Authors: Mantlo Emily K. , Paessler Slobodan , Seregin Alexey , Mitchell Alfred
Published: April 2021

We investigated the ability of Luminore CopperTouch copper and copper-nickel surfaces to inactivate filoviruses and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The copper and copper-nickel surfaces inactivated 99.9% of Ebola and Marburg viruses after 30 min, and the copper surfaces inactivated 99% of SARS-CoV-2 in 2 h.
Understanding Hepatitis B Virus Dynamics and the Antiviral Effect of Interferon Alpha Treatment in Humanized Chimeric Mice
Authors: Reinharz Vladimir , Ishida Yuji , Tsuge Masataka , Durso-Cain Karina , Chung Tje Lin , Tateno Chise , Perelson Alan S. , Uprichard Susan L. , Chayama Kazuaki , Dahari Harel
Published: April 2021

Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a global health care problem, as we lack sufficient curative treatment options. Elucidating the dynamics of HBV infection and treatment response at the molecular level could facilitate the development of novel, more effective HBV antivirals.
Complete Genome Sequence of Veillonella nakazawae JCM 33966
T
(=CCUG 74597
T
), Isolated from the Oral Cavity of Japanese Children
Authors: Mashima Izumi , Nakazawa Futoshi , Tamai Riyoko , Kiyoura Yusuke
Published: April 2021

We report the complete genome sequence of
Veillonella nakazawae
JCM 33966
T
(=CCUG 74597
T
). This bacterium is a member of the oral
Veillonella
and has the potential to be anticariogenic as an oral probiotic seed.
Anti-MDA5 antibody-positive dermatomyositis with rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease: report of two cases
Authors: Mehta Asmita A , Paul Tisa , CB Mithun , Haridas Nithya
Published: April 2021

Melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5 (MDA5) antibody-positive dermatomyositis (DM) displays unique cutaneous and pathologic features. We describe two cases of myositis-associated rapidly progressive interstitial lung disease (RP-ILD). The patients were two women from Kerala, India. Both patients had anti-MDA5 antibody-positive myositis. Both patients presented with RP-ILD without any clinical features of myositis and succumbed to their illness despite aggressive medical treatment. Anti-MDA5-antibody-positive DM is characterised by amyopathic disease with rapidly progressive and fatal ILD.
Metastatic anorectal malignant melanoma causing ileocaecal junction obstruction due to contiguous spread
Authors: Deshpande Swanit Hemant , Narkhede Vishal , Eswaravaka Sai Krishna , Pandya Jayashri Sanjay
Published: April 2021

Malignant melanoma of the anal canal is a rare and aggressive tumour associated with significant mortality. Early diagnosis and early curative surgical resection have shown to offer a survival advantage. We present a case of 53-year-old woman, who was accidentally diagnosed to have a localised lesion of malignant melanoma of the anal canal on histopathology report of the specimen of haemorrhoidectomy done for thrombosed external haemorrhoids. She refused any form of treatment and did not return for follow-up. Two years after the initial diagnosis, she presented with intestinal obstruction. The malignant melanoma had become advanced with multiple metastases to the lungs, the liver, the peritoneum and the spine. The patient underwent a diverting loop ileostomy. At the time of surgery, it was found that the primary malignant melanoma of anal canal had contiguously involved the entire large intestine up to the ileocaecal junction and hence transverse colostomy could not be done.
Novel steroid infiltration technique of the carpal tunnel
Authors: Knightly Nauar , Finnegan Laura , Qayyum Tayyab , Kelly Jack L
Published: April 2021

This report describes a novel technique of steroid infiltration of the wrist to treat symptomatic carpal tunnel syndrome. Our approach potentially reduces direct trauma to the median nerve when compared with current conventional techniques. The use of a cannula allows infiltration directly into the carpal tunnel and advancement of the blunt tip minimises the risk of sharp trauma to the median nerve and adjacent tendons. This avoids the unpleasant, shooting pain frequently experienced by patients using traditional needle infiltration. We anticipate this would be of particular benefit in reducing pain associated with the procedure.
Acute life-threatening hyperkalaemia in a patient with giant hydronephrosis: a case report
Authors: van Vlijmen Nicole , Hoekstra Robert , Aarnoudse Albert-Jan , van den Bersselaar Donna
Published: April 2021

A 52-year-old man with a history of urolithiasis presents to the emergency department with a sudden, sharp, continuous right flank colicky pain. Laboratory workup demonstrates acute kidney injury with a mild hyperkalaemia. During the observation period, the patient develops an atypical broad complex sinus bradycardia and eventually short asystolic periods. This was caused by a severe therapy-resistant hyperkalaemia, wherefore emergency haemodialysis was necessary. Radiographic results showed a giant hydronephrosis with a blowout of the right kidney and an obstructing calculi of 21 mm in the distal ureter. We will discuss the mechanism of reversed intraperitoneal dialysis causing the refractory hyperkalaemia and the need of close ECG monitoring in patients where kidney blowout is considered.
Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy for the management of hyperopic regression after conductive keratoplasty
Authors: Meduri Alessandro , Alessandrello Federica , Rechichi Miguel , Aragona Pasquale
Published: April 2021

Several refractive techniques are available for the treatment of hyperopia. Conductive keratoplasty (CK) is a safe and non-ablative procedure suitable for the treatment of low hyperopia and presbyopia. Due to the high rate of regression, it is not a commonly used technique. There is minimal literature about the use of refractive procedures for the treatment of hyperopic regression after CK. We report a case of a 49-year-old man who had undergone bilateral CK 15 years before for the correction of his hyperopia. He experienced a regression, with sph +2.75 cyl −0.50(20) in the right eye and sph +2.50 cyl −0.75(170) in the left eye. Transepithelial photorefractive keratectomy (tPRK) was performed with Schwind Amaris 750 s. After 12 months, his best-corrected visual acuity was 20/20, with −0.25 sph in both eyes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of tPRK performed after CK.
Pregnancy outcomes in women with a systemic right ventricle and transposition of the great arteries results from the ESC-EORP Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac disease (ROPAC)
Authors: Tutarel Oktay , Baris Lucia , Budts Werner , Gamal Abd-El Aziz Mohamad , Liptai Csilla , Majdalany David , Jovanova Silvana , Frogoudaki Alexandra , Connolly Heidi M , Johnson Mark R , Maggioni Aldo P , Hall Roger , Roos-Hesselink Jolien W
Published: April 2021

Objective

Cardiac disease is a major cause of maternal mortality. Data regarding pregnancy outcomes in women with a systemic right ventricle (sRV) are scarce. We studied pregnancy outcomes in women with an sRV after the atrial switch procedure for transposition of the great arteries (TGA) or congenitally corrected TGA (CCTGA).

Methods

The ESC EORP Registry of Pregnancy and Cardiac Disease is an international prospective registry of pregnant women with cardiac disease. Pregnancy outcomes (maternal/fetal) in all women with an sRV are described. The primary end point was a major adverse cardiac event (MACE) defined as maternal death, supraventricular or ventricular arrhythmias requiring treatment, heart failure, aortic dissection, endocarditis, ischaemic coronary event and other thromboembolic events.

Results

Altogether, 162 women with an sRV (TGA n=121, CCTGA n=41, mean age 28.8±4.6 years) were included. No maternal mortality occurred. In 26 women, at least one MACE occurred, heart failure in 16 (9.8%), arrhythmias (atrial 5, ventricular 6) in 11 (6.7%) and others in 4 (2.5%). Prepregnancy signs of heart failure as well as an sRV ejection fraction <40% were predictors of MACE. One woman experienced fetal loss, while no neonatal mortality was observed. No significant differences were found between women with CCTGA and TGA. In the subset of women who had an echocardiogram before and after pregnancy, no clear deterioration in sRV was observed.

Conclusion

The majority of women with an sRV tolerated pregnancy well with a favourable maternal and fetal outcome. Heart failure and arrhythmias were the most common MACE.
Trends in disability-free life expectancy at age 50 years in Australia between 2001 and 2011 by social disadvantage
Authors: Tawiah Richard , Jagger Carol , Anstey Kaarin J , Kiely Kim M
Published: April 2021

Background

The aims of this study were (1) to estimate 10-year trends in disability-free life expectancy (DFLE) by area-level social disadvantage and (2) to examine how incidence, recovery and mortality transitions contributed to these trends.

Methods

Data were drawn from the nationally representative Household Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia survey. Two cohorts (baseline age 50+ years) were followed up for 7 years, from 2001 to 2007 and from 2011 to 2017, respectively. Social disadvantage was indicated by the Socio-Economic Indexes for Areas (SEIFA). Two DFLEs based on a Global Activity Limitation Indicator (GALI) and difficulties with activities of daily living (ADLs) measured by the 36-Item Short Form Survey physical function subscale were estimated by cohort, sex and SEIFA tertile using multistate models.

Results

Persons residing in the low-advantage tertile had more years lived with GALI and ADL disability than those in high-advantage tertiles. Across the two cohorts, dynamic equilibrium for GALI disability was observed among men in mid-advantage and high-advantage tertiles, but expansion of GALI disability occurred in the low-advantage tertile. There was expansion of GALI disability for all women irrespective of their SEIFA tertile. Compression of ADL disability was observed for all men and for women in the high-advantage tertile. Compared to the 2001 cohort, disability incidence was lower for the 2011 cohort of men within mid-advantage and high-advantage tertiles, whereas recovery and disability-related mortality were lower for the 2011 cohort of women within the mid-advantage tertile.

Conclusion

Overall, compression of morbidity was more common in high-advantage areas, whereas expansion of morbidity was characteristic of low-advantage areas. Trends also varied by sex and disability severity.
A systematic study and literature review of parental somatic mosaicism of FBN1 pathogenic variants in Marfan syndrome
Authors: Fernández-Álvarez Paula , Codina-Sola Marta , Valenzuela Irene , Teixidó-Turá Gisela , Cueto-González Anna , Paramonov Ida , Antolín María , López-Grondona Fermina , Vendrell Teresa , Evangelista Artur , García-Arumí Elena , Tizzano Eduardo F
Published: April 2021

Background

A proportion of de novo variants in patients affected by genetic disorders, particularly those with autosomal dominant (AD) inheritance, could be the consequence of somatic mosaicism in one of the progenitors. There is growing evidence that germline and somatic mosaicism are more common and play a greater role in genetic disorders than previously acknowledged. In Marfan syndrome (MFS), caused by pathogenic variants in the fibrillin-1 gene (FBN1) gene, approximately 25% of the disease-causing variants are reported as de novo. Only a few cases of parental mosaicism have been reported in MFS.

Methods

Employing an amplicon-based deep sequencing (ADS) method, we carried out a systematic analysis of 60 parents of 30 FBN1 positive, consecutive patients with MFS with an apparently de novo pathogenic variant.

Results

Out of the 60 parents studied (30 families), the majority (n=51, 85%) had a systemic score of 0, seven had a score of 1 and two a score of 2, all due to minor criteria common in the normal population. We detected two families with somatic mosaicism in one of the progenitors, with a rate of 6.6% (2/30) of apparently de novo cases.

Conclusions

The search for parental somatic mosaicism should be routinely implemented in de novo cases of MFS, to offer appropriate genetic and reproductive counselling as well as to reveal masked, isolated clinical signs of MFS in progenitors that may require specific follow-up.
BBS1 branchpoint variant is associated with non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa
Authors: Fadaie Zeinab , Whelan Laura , Dockery Adrian , Li Catherina H Z , van den Born L Ingeborgh , Hoyng Carel B , Gilissen Christian , Corominas Jordi , Rowlands Charlie , Megaw Roly , Lampe Anne K , Cremers Frans P M , Farrar Gwyneth Jane , Ellingford Jamie M , Kenna Paul F. , Roosing Susanne
Published: April 2021

Background

Inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) can be caused by variants in >270 genes. The Bardet-Biedl syndrome 1 (BBS1) gene is one of these genes and may be associated with syndromic and non-syndromic autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP). Here, we identified a branchpoint variant in BBS1 and assessed its pathogenicity by in vitro functional analysis.

Methods

Whole genome sequencing was performed for three unrelated monoallelic BBS1 cases with non-syndromic RP. A fourth case received MGCM 105 gene panel analysis. Functional analysis using a midigene splice assay was performed for the putative pathogenic branchpoint variant in BBS1. After confirmation of its pathogenicity, patients were clinically re-evaluated, including assessment of non-ocular features of Bardet-Biedl syndrome.

Results

Clinical assessments of probands showed that all individuals displayed non-syndromic RP with macular involvement. Through detailed variant analysis and prioritisation, two pathogenic variants in BBS1, the most common missense variant, c.1169T>G (p.(Met390Arg)), and a branchpoint variant, c.592-21A>T, were identified. Segregation analysis confirmed that in all families, probands were compound heterozygous for c.1169T>G and c.592-21A>T. Functional analysis of the branchpoint variant revealed a complex splicing defect including exon 8 and exon 7/8 skipping, and partial in-frame deletion of exon 8.

Conclusion

A putative severe branchpoint variant in BBS1, together with a mild missense variant, underlies non-syndromic RP in four unrelated individuals. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a pathogenic branchpoint variant in IRDs that results in a complex splice defect. In addition, this research highlights the importance of the analysis of non-coding regions in order to provide a conclusive molecular diagnosis.
Survival analysis of time to SARS-CoV-2 PCR negativisation to optimise PCR prescription in health workers: the Henares COVID-19 healthcare workers cohort study
Authors: González Martin-Moro Julio , Chamorro Gómez Marta , Dávila Fernández Galicia , Elices Apellaniz Ana , Fernández Hortelano Ana , Guzmán Almagro Elena , Herranz Varela Angela , Izquierdo Rodríguez Carlos , Molina Montes Beatriz , Sánchez Moreno Gema Vanesa , Mohedano-Gómez Alberto , Contreras Inés , González López Julio José
Published: April 2021

Objectives

Reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR) is considered the gold standard in diagnosing COVID-19. Infected healthcare workers do not go back to work until RT-PCR has demonstrated that the virus is no longer present in the upper respiratory tract. The aim of this study is to determine the most efficient time to perform RT-PCR prior to healthcare workers’ reincorporation.

Materials and methods

This is a cohort study of healthcare workers with RT-PCR-confirmed COVID-19. Data were collected using the medical charts of healthcare workers and completed with a telephone interview. Kaplan-Meier curves were used to determine the influence of several variables on the time to RT-PCR negativisation. The impact of the variables on survival was assessed using the Breslow test. A Cox regression model was developed including the associated variables.

Results

159 subjects with a positive RT-PCR out of 374 workers with suspected COVID-19 were included. The median time to negativisation was 25 days from symptom onset (IQR 20–35 days). Presence of IgG, dyspnoea, cough and throat pain were associated with significant longer time to negativisation. Cox logistic regression was used to adjust for confounding variables. Only dyspnoea and cough remained in the model as significant determinants of prolonged negativisation time. Adjusted HRs were 0.68 (0.48–096) for dyspnoea and 0.61 (0.42–0.88) for dry cough.

Conclusions

RT-PCR during the first 3 weeks leads to a high percentage of positive results. In the presence of respiratory symptoms, negativisation took nearly 1 week more. Those who developed antibodies needed longer time to negativisate.
Short-term capture stress and its effects on corticosterone levels and heat shock proteins in captive American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
Authors: Finger John W. , Kelley Meghan D. , Zhang Yufeng , Hamilton Matthew T. , Elsey Ruth M. , Mendonca Mary T. , Kavazis Andreas
Published: April 2021

Heat shock proteins (HSPs) are important mediators of the normal cellular function and the cellular stress response. As such, HSPs are often utilized to measure the effects of stressors on organisms in vivo. However, multiple variables can influence their expression, including time or season, confounding results. To investigate the utility of HSPs in measuring effects of stressors in a top-trophic carnivore, we captured 20 American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis (Daudin, 1802)), placed them in burlap sacks for 2 h and collected blood samples over four time points (baseline, 1 and 2 h after placement into burlap sacks, and 24 h after initial capture) to measure plasma corticosterone (the main crocodilian glucocorticoid) and levels of HSP60, HSP70, and HSP90. Time point significantly affected plasma corticosterone levels in Alligators (p < 0.0001), with levels significantly elevated at 1, 2, and 24 h, relative to baseline (all p < 0.05). However, capture stress did not affect HSP60, HSP70, or HSP90 in red blood cells (all p > 0.05). Our results suggest HSPs may be important biomarkers for investigating the impacts of stressors on captive and wild crocodilians, as they are not acutely elevated by capture or handling stress.
Exploring new physics contributions to CP violation in $$\tau ^- \rightarrow K^-\pi ^0\nu _{\tau } $$
Authors: Delepine David , Faisel Gaber , Ramirez Carlos A.
Published: April 2021

A general analysis of possible violation of CP in processes like$$\tau \rightarrow K\pi \nu $$τ→Kπν, for unpolarized$$\tau $$τis presented. In this paper, we derive the new contributions to the effective Hamiltonian governs$$\vert \Delta S \vert =1$$|ΔS|=1semileptonic tau decays in the framework of two Higgs doublet model with generic Yukawa structure and Leptoquarks models. Within these models, we list all operators, in the effective Hamiltonian and provide analytical expression for their corresponding Wilson coefficients. Moreover, we analyze the role of the different contributions, originating from the scalar, vecor and tensor hadronic currents, in generating direct CP asymmetry in the decay rate of$$\tau ^-\rightarrow K^-\pi ^0\nu _\tau $$τ-→K-π0ντ. We show that non vanishing direct CP asymmetry in the decay rate of$$\tau ^-\rightarrow K^-\pi ^0\nu _\tau $$τ-→K-π0ντcan be generated due to the presence of both, the weak phase in the Wilson coefficient corresponding to the tensor operator and the strong phase difference resulting from the interference between the form factors expressing the matrix elements of the vector and tensor hadronic currents. After taking into account all relevant constraints, we find that the generated direct CP asymmetry is of order$$10^{-8}$$10-8which is several orders of magnitude larger than the standard model prediction. We show also that, in two Higgs doublet model with generic Yukawa structure , direct local or non integrated CP violation can be as large as 0.3 % not far from experimental possibilities. This kind of asymmetry can be generated due to the interference between vector and scalar contributions with different weak phases which is not the case in the SM.
Numerical solution for chemical reaction and viscous dissipation phenomena on non-Newtonian MHD fluid flow and heat mass transfer due to a nonuniform stretching sheet with thermal radiation
Authors: Abbas W. , Megahed Ahmed M.
Published: April 2021

Many studies have been performed on non-Newtonian fluid flow through the nonuniform stretching sheet. In most cases, the problem is assumed to be two-dimensional fluid flow and a similarity solution is exploited. In this paper, we consider the effect of viscous dissipation on the MHD non-Newtonian fluid flow and heat mass transfer due to slendering stretching sheet with thermal radiation. Both Williamson and Casson models are opted here while the mathematical modeling is used for the principle flow equations. By dimensionless transformation, the governing equations are transformed to identically coupled three equations along with three common boundary conditions imposed. They are then solved numerically by using Chebyshev spectral method for different values of the physical parameters involved. These governing parameters are graphically shown to have a considerable influence on the fluid flow and heat mass transfer characteristics of this model. Local heat transfer rate is found to depend on both magnetic parameter and Casson parameter in addition to the Eckert number dependence. Likewise, due to increase of Casson parameter, the sheet temperature and the thermal boundary layer thickness enhances and also the same behavior is observed for increasing the radiation parameter.
Cascading failures in coupled map lattices with sustained attack
Authors: Wang Er-Shen , Ren Hong-Fan , Hong Chen , Liu Chang , He Ning
Published: April 2021

Many realistic networked systems may face sustained attack over a sequence of time. In this paper, we propose a cascading failure model in coupled map lattices (CMLs) with sustained attack, where a number of crucial nodes will be attacked one by one at each time step. The effects of four attacking strategies: high-degree strategy (HDS), high-clustering coefficient strategy, high-closeness strategy and high-betweenness strategy are compared. This shows that the performance of HDS is better than that of other attacking strategies when the value of the outside attack is small. The effectiveness of HDS on Watts–Strogatz (WS) small-world networks and two real-world networks is extensively investigated. The results indicate that increasing the value of the rewiring probability of WS networks can make the network more robust to resist sustained attack. The sparser the network structure is, the faster the diffusion velocity of cascading failures is. A smaller coupling strength in CMLs can restrain the diffusion velocity of cascades. We also extend our CML-based model with sustained attack from one node strategy (ONS) to two nodes strategy (TNS) and compare the effect of ONS and TNS with different values of the outside attack. It is found that ONS outperforms TNS for small values of the outside attack, but TNS would be a better choice when the outside attack and the time step are all large. Our work will provide new insights into the problem of protecting complex networks against cascading failures with respect to malicious attack.
Gravitomagnetic effects on turbulence physics
Authors: Kivotides Demosthenes
Published: April 2021

We indicate a limit of the post-Newtonian gravity equations with incompressible-fluid matter source in which Newtonian gravity is approximately decoupled from relativistic gravitomagnetic effects. In this gravito-magneto-hydrodynamic limit, we perform fully developed turbulence calculations. We demonstrate that gravitomagnetic effects reduce the vortical complexity and nonlinearity of turbulence, even leading to its extinction within large volumes, and generate departures from Kolmogorov turbulence scalings, that are explained via a combination of dimensional and exact analysis arguments.
Chaos suppression instigated by a hyperbolic sine nonlinearity in the Chen system
Authors: Rech Paulo C.
Published: April 2021

This paper proposes a new dynamical system derived from the Chen system. It is designed by replacing the linear term [Formula: see text] in the [Formula: see text] equation of the Chen system, by the nonlinear term [Formula: see text]. Three cross-sections of the three-dimensional parameter-space of this new system, also called parameter planes, are used in order to investigate numerically the influence of replacing on solutions. It is shown that most of the chaotic solutions in parameter planes of the Chen system are suppressed by replacing, giving rise to periodic solutions. Also, it is shown that most of the unbounded solutions become periodic solutions.
Estimation of baryon asymmetry from dark matter decaying into IceCube neutrinos
Authors: Mukherjee Tista , Pandey Madhurima , Majumdar Debasish , Halder Ashadul
Published: April 2021

The recent results of IceCube Neutrino Observatory include an excess of PeV neutrino events which appear to follow a broken power-law different from the other lower energy neutrinos detected by IceCube. The possible astrophysical source of these neutrinos is still unknown. One possible source of such neutrinos could be the decay of nonthermal, long-lived heavy mass dark matter, whose mass should be [Formula: see text] GeV and could have produced at the very early Universe. They can undergo cascading decay via both hadronic and leptonic channels to finally produce such high energy neutrinos. This possibility has been explored in this work by studying the decay flux of these dark matter candidates. The mass and lifetime of such dark matter particles have been obtained by performing a [Formula: see text] fit with the PeV neutrino data of IceCube. We finally estimate the baryon asymmetry produced in the Universe due to such dark matter decay.
Dynamic Analysis of a Rotating FGM Beam with the Point Interpolation Method
Authors: Du Chaofan , Gao Xiang , Zhang Dingguo , Zhou Xiaoting
Published: April 2021

The dynamic characteristics of a hub-functionally graded material beam undergoing large overall motions are studied. The deformation field of the flexible beam is described by using the assumed mode method (AMM), the finite element method (FEM) and the point interpolation method (PIM). Assuming that the physical parameters of functionally graded materials follow certain kind of power law gradient distribution and vary along the thickness direction. The longitudinal deformation and transversal deformation of the beam are both considered, and the nonlinear coupling term which is known as the longitudinal shortening caused by transversal deformation is also taken into account. The rigid-flexible coupling dynamics equations of the system described by three different discrete methods which have a uniform form are derived via employing Lagrange’s equations of the second kind. The validity of the point interpolation method established in this paper is verified by comparing with the numerical simulation results of the assumed mode method and the finite element method. On this basis, the influence of the functional gradient distribution rules on the dynamic characteristics of flexible beams undergoing large overall motions is discussed. The results show that the assumed mode method cannot deal with large deformation problem. Remaining other physical parameters of functionally graded materials beam unchanged, the maximum displacement of the beam increases with the increase of functionally graded materials index. The natural frequency of transverse bending of beam increases with the increase of rotational speed, when rotational speed is constant, the natural frequency will decrease with the increase of functional gradient index.
Development of an Unresolved CFD-DEM Method for Interaction Simulations Between Large Particles and Fluids
Authors: Xiong Shuchun , Chen Shunhua , Zang Mengyan , Makoto Tsubokura
Published: April 2021

In recent decades, growing efforts have been devoted to coupling the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) and the Discrete Element Method (DEM), i.e., CFD-DEM coupling methods, to account for particle–fluid interactions. However, it remains a challenging task for the well-known Immersed Boundary Method (IBM) belonging to the resolved CFD-DEM methods to improve the computational efficiency of large particles occupying several fluid cells and to simulate the interactions between irregularly shaped particles and fluids. In this paper, we present a novel unresolved CFD-DEM method to achieve the end. The main idea of the presented method is to split a large particle into multiple small spherical particles without overlapping using the Bonded-Particle Method (BPM), and simulate the particle–fluid interactions based on each small particle in the context of an unresolved CFD-DEM method. We validate the accuracy and efficiency of the novel method by comparing our numerical results of spherical particles in viscous fluids with those calculated using the IBM and existing experimental data. The presented method is further applied to the irregular large particle–fluid interaction problems, and the numerical results demonstrate the capacity of our method in simulating the motions of nonspherical large particles in the fluid.
Notes on Latin square graphs and their domination numbers
Authors: Pouyandeh Sara , Golriz Maryam , Sorouhesh Mohammad Reza , Khademi Maryam
Published: April 2021

A Latin square graph [Formula: see text] is a simple graph associated with a Latin square [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we consider a Latin square graph [Formula: see text] in which [Formula: see text] and improve the upper bound of the domination number [Formula: see text] by showing that [Formula: see text]. Moreover, we study certain domination numbers like medium domination, accurate domination, independent transversal domination and vertex covering transversal domination for Latin square graphs of order [Formula: see text] to give useful facts.
Triassic evaporites: a vast reservoir of brines mobilized successively during rifting and thrusting in the Pyrenees
Authors: Cathelineau M. , Boiron M.-C. , Jakomulski H.
Published: April 2021

Triassic evaporites have a very particular location in the Pyrenees, close to detachment areas between the basement and the sedimentary cover, and constitute an enormous chlorine and potentially brine reservoir. During the two successive deformation cycles related successively to the Cretaceous rifting and the convergence during early Cenozoic, brines were expulsed and implied in fault activity, breccia formation and fluid–rock interactions. Fluid inclusions from fault infillings and alpine-style fissures sampled all along the Pyrenean chain have a maximal chlorinity close to that of halite–water equilibrium at temperatures between 250 and 350°C. Mixing of brines with low-chlorinity waters formed a series of fluids covering an extensive range of salinities. During syn-rift events, the hotter dilute end-member is likely derived from seawater infiltrated and heated near the exhumed mantle as no emerged areas were present at that time. During convergence and thrusting, brines again predominated and mixing occurred with a colder end-member, probably of meteoric origin, consistent with a significant period of relief formation. Brines played, therefore, an essential role in mass and heat transfer during the whole orogenic cycle in the Pyrenees.
Infochemistry and the Future of Chemical Information Processing
Authors: Ryzhkov Nikolay V. , Nikolaev Konstantin G. , Ivanov Artemii S. , Skorb Ekaterina V.
Published: April 2021

Nowadays, information processing is based on semiconductor (e.g., silicon) devices. Unfortunately, the performance of such devices has natural limitations owing to the physics of semiconductors. Therefore, the problem of finding new strategies for storing and processing an ever-increasing amount of diverse data is very urgent. To solve this problem, scientists have found inspiration in nature, because living organisms have developed uniquely productive and efficient mechanisms for processing and storing information. We address several biological aspects of information and artificial models mimicking corresponding bioprocesses. For instance, we review the formation of synchronization patterns and the emergence of order out of chaos in model chemical systems. We also consider molecular logic and ion fluxes as information carriers. Finally, we consider recent progress in infochemistry, a new direction at the interface of chemistry, biology, and computer science, considering unconventional methods of information processing.
Experimental Study of Water Transfer and Ice Accumulation in Freezing Soils under Different Conditions
Authors: Liang Sihao , Ma Xinyan , Li Qiang , Ye Xinyu , Liu Jianlong , Zhang Jian
Published: April 2021

A series of tests for water transfer and ice accumulation were conducted under different soil types and conditions of water supply method, temperature gradient, and initial water content; the influence of the above parameters on the efficiency of water and vapor transfer was investigated and discussed. The main conclusions drawn are as follows. First, due to the difference in permeability for different soil type, water (i.e., liquid water and vapor) transfers differently. The water (or ice) accumulated in the soils of calcareous sand, silty soil in Lanzhou (SSL), red clay in Changsha, and silty soil in Hohhot (SSH) under the top plate is 34.5%, 21.0%, 11.33%, and 26.7%, respectively. In addition, the water (or ice) accumulation is determined by the holding capacity of water. Second, the supply method of liquid water is more efficiently compared with that of vapor supply, with the water contents increasing to 60.5% and 57.3% for liquid water and vapor supply. Third, the larger the temperature gradient, the greater the water accumulation in the frozen area. The increased amount of water mass under different temperature boundary conditions is 227.9 g, 253.3 g, and 273.8 g, respectively. Finally, the initial water content in silty soil has a significant influence on water and vapor transfer. The increased amounts of water for the tests of the initial water content of 5%, 10%, and 15% are 282.6 g, 253.3 g, and 132.5 g, respectively. The smaller the initial water content, the greater the water transfer in the unfrozen zone and vapor transfer in the frozen zone.
Modified Cauchy Problem with Impulse Action for Parabolic Shilov Equations
Authors: Unguryan Galina
Published: April 2021

For parabolic Shilov equations with continuous coefficients, the problem of finding classical solutions that satisfy a modified initial condition with generalized data such as the Gelfand and Shilov distributions is considered. This condition arises in the approximate solution of parabolic problems inverse in time. It linearly combines the meaning of the solution at the initial and some intermediate points in time. The conditions for the correct solvability of this problem are clarified and the formula for its solution is found. Using the results obtained, the corresponding problems with impulse action were solved.
Bibliometric Analysis of the English Musculoskeletal Literature over the Last 30 Years
Authors: Loder Randall T. , Kacena Melissa A. , Ogbemudia Blessing , Ngwe Hervé Nonga , Aasar Abdul , Ninad Nehal , Mufti Osama , Gunderson Zachary , Whipple Elizabeth C.
Published: April 2021

Publication and authorship are important in academia for career advancement, obtaining grants, and improved patient care. There has been a recent interest in bibliometric changes over time, especially regarding the gender gap. The purpose of this study was to explore bibliometric changes in the musculoskeletal literature. Bibliometric variables (number of authors, institutions, countries, pages, references, corresponding author position, author gender, geographic region of origin, and editorial board makeup) were analyzed for 5 basic science and 12 clinically oriented musculoskeletal journals from 1985 through 2016. Statistical analyses comprised bivariate analyses, multifactorial ANOVAs, and logistic regression analyses. A

p

 < 0.005 was considered significant. Nearly, all variables increased over time. Asia had the highest number of authors and corresponding author positions, Australia/New Zealand the highest number of institutions and references, North America the highest number of pages, and Europe the highest number of countries. Those with a female first author had more authors, institutions, countries, references, and pages. Likewise, those with a female corresponding author had more authors, institutions, countries, references, and pages. Single-authored manuscripts decreased over time. The percentage of female first authors rose from 10.8% in 1985–1987 to 23.7% in 2015–2016. There were more female 1st authors in the basic science journals compared to the clinical journals (33.2% vs. 12.7%). Single-authored manuscripts were more likely to be written by males (5.1 vs. 2.4%) and decreased over time. The many differences by geographic region of origin likely reflect different socio/cultural attitudes regarding academia and research, as well as the gender composition of the disciplines by geographic region. Overall, there has been an increase in the number of female 1st and corresponding authors, editorial board members, and chief editors, indicating a slow but progressive narrowing of the gender gap.
A Semianalytical Model for Simulating Fluid Flow in Tight Sandstone Reservoirs with a Bottom Aquifer
Authors: Wang Suran , Bai Yuhu , Xu Bingxiang , Chen Ling , Li Wenlan , Li Yanzun
Published: April 2021

Water breaks through along fractures is a major concern in tight sandstone reservoirs with a bottom aquifer. Analytical models fail to handle the three-dimensional two-phase flow problem for partially penetrating inclined fractures, so time-consuming numerical simulation are often used for this problem. This paper presents an efficient semianalytical model for this problem considering three-dimensional fractures and two-phase flow. In the model, the hydraulic fracture is handled discretely with a numerical discrete method. The three-dimensional volumetric source function in real space and superposition principle are employed to solve the model analytically for fluid flow in the reservoir. The transient flow equations for flow in three-dimensional inclined fractures are solved by the finite difference method numerically, in which two-phase flow and stress-dependent properties are considered. The eventual solution of the model and transient responses are obtained by coupling the model for flow in the reservoir and discrete fracture dynamically. The validation of the semianalytical model is demonstrated in comparison to the solution of the commercial reservoir simulator Eclipse. Based on the proposed model, the effects of some critical parameters on the characteristics of water and oil flow performances are analyzed. The results show that the fracture conductivity, fracture permeability modulus, inclination angle of fractures, aquifer size, perforation location, and wellbore pressure drop significantly affect production rate and water breakthrough time. Lower fracture conductivity and larger inclination angle can delay the water breakthrough time and enhance the production rate, but the increment tends to decline gradually. Furthermore, water breakthrough will occur earlier if the wellbore pressure drop and aquifer size are larger. Besides, the stress sensitivity and perforation location can delay the water breakthrough time.
Key Technologies of Steel Plate Surface Defect Detection System Based on Artificial Intelligence Machine Vision
Authors: Xue Bin , Wu Zhisheng
Published: April 2021

With the rapid development of visual inspection technology, computer technology, and image processing technology, machine vision technology has become more and more mature, and the role of quality inspection and control in the steel industry is becoming more and more obvious and important. Defects on the surface of the strip are a key factor affecting the quality inspection process. Its inspection plays an extremely important role in improving the final quality. For a long time, traditional manual inspection methods cannot meet actual production needs, so in‐depth research on steel surface defect inspection systems has become the consensus of today’s steel companies. The accuracy and low performance of traditional detection methods can no longer meet the needs of people and society. The surface defect detection method based on machine vision has the characteristics of high accuracy, fast processing speed, and intelligent processing, which is the main trend of surface defect detection. We select a steel plate; take the invariant moment features of the cracks, holes, scratches, oil stains, and other images on it; extract the data results; and analyze them. Then, we read the texture features of these defect images again, extract the data results, and analyze them. The experimental results prove that after the mean value filter and Gaussian filter process the image, the mean variance value MSE is relatively large (46.276 > 31.2271), and as the concentration of salt and pepper noise increases, the rate of increase of MSE increases obviously, and as the peak signal‐to‐noise ratio and the mean variance value MSE increase continuously (32.2271 < 33.3695), the image distortion is more serious. The method designed in this paper is extremely effective. Improving the surface quality of steel is of great significance to improving market competitiveness.
Enhancing Railway Maintenance Safety Using Open-Source Computer Vision
Authors: Shin Donghee , Jin Jangwon , Kim Jooyoung
Published: April 2021

As high-speed railways continue to be constructed, more maintenance work is needed to ensure smooth operation. However, this leads to frequent accidents involving maintenance workers at the tracks. Although the number of such accidents is decreasing, there is an increase in the number of casualties. When a maintenance worker is hit by a train, it invariably results in a fatality; this is a serious social issue. To address this problem, this study utilized the tunnel monitoring system installed on trains to prevent railway accidents. This was achieved by using a system that uses image data from the tunnel monitoring system to recognize railway signs and railway tracks and detect maintenance workers on the tracks. Images of railway signs, tracks, and maintenance workers on the tracks were recorded through image data. The Computer Vision OpenCV library was utilized to extract the image data. A recognition and detection algorithm for railway signs, tracks, and maintenance workers was constructed to improve the accuracy of the developed prevention system.
Assisted Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease Based on Deep Learning and Multimodal Feature Fusion
Authors: Wang Yu , Liu Xi , Yu Chongchong
Published: April 2021

With the development of artificial intelligence technologies, it is possible to use computer to read digital medical images. Because Alzheimer’s disease (AD) has the characteristics of high incidence and high disability, it has attracted the attention of many scholars, and its diagnosis and treatment have gradually become a hot topic. In this paper, a multimodal diagnosis method for AD based on three‐dimensional shufflenet (3DShuffleNet) and principal component analysis network (PCANet) is proposed. First, the data on structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) are preprocessed to remove the influence resulting from the differences in image size and shape of different individuals, head movement, noise, and so on. Then, the original two‐dimensional (2D) ShuffleNet is developed three‐dimensional (3D), which is more suitable for 3D sMRI data to extract the features. In addition, the PCANet network is applied to the brain function connection analysis, and the features on fMRI data are obtained. Next, kernel canonical correlation analysis (KCCA) is used to fuse the features coming from sMRI and fMRI, respectively. Finally, a good classification effect is obtained through the support vector machines (SVM) method classifier, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed method.
Multijob Associated Task Scheduling for Cloud Computing Based on Task Duplication and Insertion
Authors: Shi Lei , Xu Jing , Wang Lunfei , Chen Jie , Jin Zhifeng , Ouyang Tao , Xu Juan , Fan Yuqi
Published: April 2021

With the emergence and development of various computer technologies, many jobs processed in cloud computing systems consist of multiple associated tasks which follow the constraint of execution order. The task of each job can be assigned to different nodes for execution, and the relevant data are transmitted between nodes to complete the job processing. The computing or communication capabilities of each node may be different due to processor heterogeneity, and hence, a task scheduling algorithm is of great significance for job processing performance. An efficient task scheduling algorithm can make full use of resources and improve the performance of job processing. The performance of existing research on associated task scheduling for multiple jobs needs to be improved. Therefore, this paper studies the problem of multijob associated task scheduling with the goal of minimizing the jobs’ makespan. This paper proposes a task Duplication and Insertion algorithm based on List Scheduling (DILS) which incorporates dynamic finish time prediction, task replication, and task insertion. The algorithm dynamically schedules tasks by predicting the completion time of tasks according to the scheduling of previously scheduled tasks, replicates tasks on different nodes, reduces transmission time, and inserts tasks into idle time slots to speed up task execution. Experimental results demonstrate that our algorithm can effectively reduce the jobs’ makespan.