bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
State policy in the sphere of legal regulation of labor under conditions of digitalization of economy
Authors:   South Ural State University (National Research University), Sagandykov Mikhail S.
Published: March 2023

Digitalization creates new challenges for public policy in the regulation of labor relations. The purpose of the article is to identify the most complex problems associated with the introduction of information and communication technologies in labor relations, and to outline ways of their legislative solution. For this purpose the analysis of Russian and foreign scientific literature, labor legislation, judicial practice, documents of the International Labor Organization, including those adopted in 2020 in response to threats to labor relations caused by the COVID-19 pandemic is used. The inefficient use of already available electronic resources for the implementation of electronic case management is noted. The idea of the need to extend modern technology not only to the electronic exchange of documents, but also to their creation, storage, processing is supported. It is concluded that it is inexpedient to use an enhanced electronic signature of an employee in labor relations, in connection with which it is proposed to use special digital platforms supported by the state. It is proposed to gradually get rid of the practice of duplicating electronic and traditional “paper” records management. Relationships formed in the process of application of distant labor contain all the classical features of the employment relationship, which is facilitated by the employer’s use of modern means of control over the behavior of the employee. Digital technologies create new opportunities for the use of labor resources and make it possible to include new forms of employment in the scope of labor legislation, where to a greater or lesser degree there is economic, organizational dependence of the executor (employee) on the customer (employer), based on innovative means of control and management, as well as the dependant’s need for traditional means of social protection. Differentiation and decentralization of legal regulation is proposed to maintain the stability of labor relations.
Experimental legal regime – a testing ground for innovation and regulation
Authors:   Kutafin Moscow State Law University, Tarasenko Olga A.
Published: March 2023

The focus of this article is a critical analysis of the regulatory window of the experimental legal regime in the field of digital innovation. Its distinctive features are distinguished: its secondary nature in relation to the basic legal regulation, its ordinariness, its voluntary extension to business entities, its expansive or neutral influence on the scope of their legal capacity, its certainty in terms of time and the circle of persons. It is noted that the implementation of the experimental legal regime in the direction of the financial market has certain features, which is manifested in the possibility of establishing additional conditions for the experimental legal regime, separating its secondary regulatory window, giving the Bank of Russia the functions of an authorized body, etc. Next, the mechanism for establishing an experimental legal regime is outlined, in which five consecutive stages are distinguished: the introduction of an initiative proposal to the Ministry of Economic Development (or the Bank of Russia); consideration of the initiative proposal by the authorized body with the participation of the business community, branch ministries and the highest authority of the subject of the Russian Federation (optional); the establishment of an experimental legal regime by the Government of the Russian Federation; implementation and monitoring of the experimental legal regime, as well as evaluation of its effectiveness and efficiency. In conclusion, the norms of the experimental legal regime, potentially tending to corruption-causing factors, are identified and ways to improve legislation are proposed.
Application of civil law institutions in customs practice
Authors:   MGIMO University, Shokhin Sergey O. , Abrosimova Ekaterina A. ,   MGIMO University
Published: March 2023

The article deals with the issue never explored before in Russian legal research: the application of civil law provisions to the regulation of several types of relationships in customs practices. The issue is acute as with the changes in civil law it is necessary to find out whether we need to synchronize with this process the other branches, seemingly not related to civil law. Moreover, the article gives another case in point to the current process of mutual integration in different spheres and branches of law. The authors expand upon the concept of the complex and predominantly public nature of customs legislation and attempt to find out, what limits the civil law has when dealing with the customs regulations. Another interesting point is the interaction between customs and civil law when applied to relations between businesspersons and customs bodies and officials. The article analyzes particular features of representation, storage and warehousing, pledge and guarantee, insurance, when applied in customs practices and the regulation thereof in customs laws. The research uses comparative methods, showing similarities and differences in the approach of the relevant customs regulations in Russia, foreign countries and integrating units such as EU and EAEU. The authors conclude that customs laws and regulations constitute a perfect example of combined use of legal instruments related to different law branches and of different nature for the sake of efficiency of the influenced and regulated system.
Protection of personal data in China: Legislation in the digital age
Authors:   Heilongjiang University, Nan Gong ,   Shanghai University of Political Science and Law
Published: March 2023

In the development of China’s Internet industry and digital economy, great importance is attached to the protection of personal data and seriously protects the legitimate rights and interests of citizens’ personal data. Generally speaking, with the development of technology and industry, China’s personal data protection has gone from “indirect protection” to “direct protection” and then to “comprehensive protection”. In the early years of China’s Internet industry, the indirect protection of personal data was mainly achieved through the protection of the “rights to privacy” of citizens. Since the Internet industry of the People’s Republic of China has entered a stage of rapid development, the state began to directly protect personal data in accordance with the provisions of the Chapter “Network Information Security” established in the “Cyber Security Law” of 2016, establishes several principles for the collection and use of personal data, protection requirements information security. Until November 1, 2021, the “Personal Data Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China” (PPD) was adopted to comprehensively protect personal data, reflecting the ideology of development focused on bringing the people to the center, meeting the new needs and aspirations of the people in the new era, and also proposing the creation international digital legal order “Chinese version”. The PPD further expands the scope of the object of personal data protection, comprehensively establishes the rights of individuals to process data, strengthens the obligations to protect personal data processors, creates strict rules for the protection of sensitive personal data and regulates the processing of personal data by public authorities, as well as improving the means of legal protection of personal data, all of which are important points in the legislation. The law incorporates advanced foreign experience, while emphasizing Chinese wisdom, the spirit of the times, and practicality in accordance with the reality of China.
Evolution of the concept of genocide through the lens of modern “memory wars”: International legal and intrastate dimensions
Authors:   The North-Western Branch of the Russian State University of Justice, Dorskaia Aleksandra A. , Dorskii Andrei Yu. ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2023

The article examines how the concept of genocide has evolved at the international and national legal levels, beginning with its origins at the doctrinal level and culminating in international conventions and national regulatory acts. Challenges regarding the definition of genocide and ambiguous interpretation of genocide in relation to crimes against humanity were identified. It is demonstrated that international justice bodies interpret the concept of genocide differently. The study concluded that humanity did not fully utilize the potential of the United Nations and International Criminal Tribunals in order to develop a joint measured approach to assessing historical events, specifically World War II and the genocide in 1939–1945, in the context of actualizing history and triggering memory wars. The positions of states to consolidate the crime of genocide in criminal legislation are considered: compliance with the definition of genocide in international conventions, extension of the list of groups against whose members the genocide can be committed, leaving the list open as to which groups can be included. The preferences of the second option are shown. Examples of states turning to the facts of genocide committed in the past are given (for instance, Armenia towards Turkey, Namibia towards Germany, Poland towards Germany and Russia, Russia towards Germany and its allies during World War II), and it has been suggested that the material responsibility of states cannot be applied to events before 1945, since the desire to avoid it leads to non-recognition of political international-legal responsibility.
The impact of dysfunctional families on the formation of personality of juvenile offenders
Authors:   MGIMO-University, Grinenko Aleksandr V. , Potapov Vasily J. ,   Syktyvkar State University named after Pitirim Sorokin, Tsvetkova Elena V. ,   Vladimir State University named after Alexander and Nikolai Stoletovs
Published: March 2023

Juvenile delinquency is one of the most difficult problems of modern society. These persons, being socially active, perceive both positive and negative features of not only peers, but also older persons. Cases when from an early age a person is in a dysfunctional family environment, because the socio-negative factors affecting him are magnified. Every crime committed by a person under the age of 18 has many causes from a criminological point of view. However, a key role is given to the family, since the negative impact on the character and behavior is carried out from the earliest childhood. Among the negative factors that directly affect the commission of a crime by a minor, we can primarily include the general family atmosphere, if it has a destructive effect on the psyche of the child. This is manifested in the illegal behavior of adults, lack of spiritual family values, unhealthy psychological climate in the family. Family problems create a number of conditions that contribute to the formation of the personality of the juvenile offender. These include: living of a minor in unsanitary conditions; lack of sufficient living space for education and life; insufficient family income, which negatively affects the place of a minor in the society of peers; examples of negative behavior of adult family members (offenses, alcoholism, drug addiction); incorrect relationship between parents and child; the use of violence against minors as an educational measure. Therefore, timely and accurate diagnosis of micro-social causes that form the personality of a juvenile offender and the development of comprehensive preventive measures are required.
VALUE DETERMINANTS OF SOCIAL TENSION IN RUSSIAN REGIONS
Authors:   Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, ILYICHEVA LUDMILA ,   Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, KONDRASHOV ANDREY ,   Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, LAPIN ANDREY ,   Institute of Socio-Political Studies of the Federal Research Sociological Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences,   Institute of Public Administration and Management of the Russian Presidential Academy of National Economy and Public Administration
Published: March 2023

During the period of extreme destabilization of Russia's relations with the collective West, the risks of social instability of society are increasing, Russians' fears of the future are growing, there are risks of expanding the potential of social protests in the regions of Russia due to the likely consequences of economic decline. For operational planning of actions to get out of a difficult political and socio-economic situation, it is necessary to have objective knowledge about the real social state of Russian society. The article presents the results of a study of the mechanism of transformation of social tension of individuals into a state of social polarization within groups in society, and also presents a methodology for assessing the level of social tension in society through measuring the values of citizens by the method of the Israeli scientist Sh.Schwartz. The interrelation of the integral coefficient of dissatisfaction with life, the Gini coefficient and the average per capita income of the population of the studied regions was also revealed. This technique was tested as part of a study of 7 Russian regions, the results of which revealed that the population of these regions professes approximately homogeneous values. Moreover, the value flanks of the studied social groups are so close to each other that the probability of an increase in social tension of the population of the studied regions is at a low level. However, the conditionally homogeneous nature of the value orientations of the population of the studied regions has led to the fact that in these regions there is an extremely low proportion or absence of social groups aimed at creative work, whose representatives are willing to take risks, show creativity and an innovative approach in order to achieve their own well-being. The results of the study generally confirmed the practical applicability of the proposed methodology for describing the distribution of social groups of society according to their degree of polarization, as well as for forming a characteristic portrait of the population of a particular region.
PREREQUISITES FOR ECOSYSTEM APPROACH IN CIVIC ACTIVITY`S ORGANIZATION IN MODERN RUSSIA (PART 2)
Authors:   Demidov Yaroslavl State University, SOKOLOV ALEXANDR , PALAGICHEVA ASIA ,   Demidov Yaroslavl State University
Published: March 2023

The paper is a continuation of the article published in the previous issue of the journal. In the first part, theoretical approaches to understanding and interpreting ecosystems were considered. Based on them, the definition of the ecosystem of civic activity was formulated as a set of digital services forming a single infrastructure of interaction, as well as the creation of coalitions and cooperating partnerships acting in the interests of their creators. The features of civic activity ecosystems were also highlighted: the development of digital forms of civic and protest activity, the use of digital services and platforms, multi-channel communication, multiple collaborations, cooperation and horizontal interaction of participants. In order to identify the features of the development of civil and protest activity in modern Russia in the context of the development of digital services and platforms that serve as a prerequisite for the creation of ecosystems in politics, the results of expert surveys conducted in the period 2014-2022 were summarized. The results of the study indicate trends in the systematic development of online and offline civic activity in the subjects of the Russian Federation. We can talk about the strengthening of civil action in the Network and the increasing role of digital forms of civic activity, as well as the partial "transition" of civil society actors to the Internet space to increase the effectiveness of activities. As a result, the network principles of organizing collective actions of citizens are actively developing. It is indicated that protest actions, as well as other forms of civic activity, are more often carried out on the Internet. As a result, there is a development of digital infrastructure for participants of socio-political projects and campaigns - platforms, services for interaction. It provides multi-channel interaction between the organizational core and civil society activists, allowing you to create a single communication space. It is noted that in modern Russian society, the implementation of large-scale "seamless" digital ecosystems is still only a prospect for development. At the same time, a model of interaction based on the cooperation of users around the digital platform is successfully operating.
MEDIATIZATION OF COMMUNICATIONS AS A FACTOR OF TRANSFORMATION OF VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF RUSSIAN YOUTH: TRENDS AND RISKS (PART 2)
Authors:   St. Petersburg State University, ALEINIKOV ANDREI , MALTSEVA DARIA ,   St. Petersburg State University, TUZOVA POLINA ,   St. Petersburg State University
Published: March 2023

The article continues the empirical analysis of the influence of mediatization on the formation of value orientations of modern Russian youth. In the first part of the article, the search for theoretical grounds for studying the virtual projection of politics was problematized, the portrait of "digital aborigines" or "generation of 3C millennials" was conceptualized in political-axiological optics. The study reveals the basic value characteristics and potentially conflicting contradictions as a result of the influence of the rapid spread of new media on the audience of modern Russian youth. In the course of the analysis, a fundamentally new knowledge was obtained, based on a holistic vision of the cultural and historical reality of the formation of a "digital society" in Russia, about the axiological features of the modern Russian social order, including a complexly structured set of moral values of youth. The study included two trajectories of empirical analysis: conducting focus groups to identify and scientifically interpret trends in the formation of content preferences of the younger generation in the discourse of the use of new media, as well as monitoring social networks in order to mark popular communication platforms among young people, evaluating the most effective methods of information impact, broadcasting axiological discourses and articulation generated in them risks. To achieve the set scientific objectives, the authors of the study conceptualized the theoretical constructions of the specifics of new media in modern conditions, presented popular axiological trends identified as a result of qualitative content analysis of blogs in social networks. The results obtained are correlated with other fundamental studies of Russian scientists studying the problems of youth values in various academic planes, in order to search for correlations and assess the complementarity of conclusions for the subsequent increment of political science knowledge. As a result of the analysis, not only trends in the transformation of values of modern Russian youth are articulated, but also strategic risks determined by the mediatization of communications of the studied age cohort. In this regard, the article develops a model for measuring and preventing the risks of political and axiological transformations among Russian youth based on the development of complementary methods of their assessment for the construction and implementation of effective state strategies in terms of their change and improvement.
NETWORKIZATION OF THE PUBLIC POLICY SYMBOLIC FIELD (ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REGIONAL LEADER IMAGE)
Authors:   Lobachevsky State University of Nizhny Novgorod, KAMINCHENKO DMITRIY
Published: March 2023

The paper is devoted to the study of the symbolic field of modern public policy in the context of the rapid digitalization of society. The purpose of the article is to consider the content of the image of one of the modern political leaders and to identify the presence/absence of the networking effect in it, manifested in the polythematic and heterarchy of themes presented in the image, its situationality and variability. As an example, the image of the governor of the Nizhny Novgorod region G.S. Nikitin is considered in the study. With the help of qualitative and quantitative content-analysis, the author studies an information array of data, which includes news reports posted on the website of the Government of the Nizhny Novgorod Region, where there is a reference of the head of the region. The sample size was 710 news posted between November 27, 2021 and June 9, 2022. The semantic unit of analytical observation in the course of textual analysis has become an image-role construct, which is a relevant tool-concept for studying the political image. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that the content of the image of a political leader is polythematic and that there is no one, absolutely dominant theme in it. Among the most frequent are the following image-role constructs - «business executive», «team player», «organizer, «leader looking to the future», «open leader who hears society», «leader who is aware of various details of current problems» and «crisis manager». In terms of content and meaning, the filling of the image of a political subject is also influenced by the situational factor, which determines not only the list of emerging image-role constructs, but also the frequency of their occurrence. Thus, the content of the modern political image can be represented as a logical and semantic configuration of interconnected image-role constructs subject to the influence of the effect of networking.
Application of MK trend and test of Sen's slope estimator to measure impact of climate change on the adoption of conservation agriculture in Ethiopia
Authors: Jiqin Han , Gelata Fikiru Temesgen , Chaka Gemeda Samerawit
Published: March 2023

The objective of this study is to identify the adoption level of this agricultural technology affected by climate change and to confirm the relationship with conservation agriculture. The assessment was carried out using the Mann–Kendall trend test and the Sen's slope is used. The collected data were statistically analyzed by Statistical Down Scaling Model Software to compare the observed and climate model scenarios of temperature and precipitation. According to the results of the study, earth analysis of the 2001–2021 data revealed that 26.68% of the land area has improved productivity, 67.38% of the territory is stable, 5.93% of the area has degraded productivity, and 0.02% of the area has no productivity data. The study result indicated that there is variability, a decrease in rainfall, and a rise in temperature in the area. The Mann–Kendall and Sen's slope test findings for the total maximum annual rainfall reveal a P-value of 0.307, indicating that there is no pattern in the series or variability of rainfall and that there is a diminishing trend in the rainfall data. The study's findings may help decision-makers and water managers provide more sustainable strategies and methods for managing water resources.
Justice and sanitation governance: an enquiry into the implementation of the Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural programme in UP, India
Authors: Khare Kopal , Suresh Lavanya
Published: March 2023

The Swachh Bharat Mission-Rural (SBM-R) is a flagship programme aimed at ending open defecation in rural India. In this paper, we study institutions and processes using Amartya Sen's conception of justice. We review the outcomes by assessing agencies, actions and processes involved in the implementation of the SBM-R programme. The findings are analysed using the Sanitation Well-being Framework. Sanitation well-being is achieved when an individual is able to experience the sanitation life cycle stages of acceptance, construction, utilisation and maintenance of safe disposal, which are part of the framework. The capability factors grouped under personal, cultural, structural, environmental and service elements of the framework determine the sanitation environment facilitated by the state. Failure in experiencing one of the life stages leads to slippage in sanitation, where people resume open defecation, despite possessing toilets. The paper presents a review of literature on the political, technological and structural issues in programme implementation, followed by an analysis of 42 interviews and 12 focused group discussions of state and non-state actors conducted in rural Shravasti, Uttar Pradesh, India. We found that slippage is prevalent in the field site and identified 26 capability factors (expansion and constraints) that led to slippage in sanitation.
Assessing the impacts of different crop rotations on groundwater level using MODFLOW in a dry, Barind area of Bangladesh
Authors: Ali M. H. , Biswas P. , Zaman M. H. , Islam M. A.
Published: March 2023

The lowering of the groundwater table caused by increased groundwater use in the dry, Barind region has prompted sustainability concerns. In this study, water-table (WT) scenarios were simulated by the MODFLOW model under different crop rotations in Barind, a dry region of Bangladesh, to examine the effects of crop rotations on groundwater level. The studied crop rotations and recharge conditions were: with existing cropping pattern; 100, 30 and 50% of present Boro rice is replaced by Aus rice; existing cropping pattern, but with reduced recharge to 90 and 80% of present recharge. A calibrated MODFLOW model was used to develop WT scenarios. According to the modeling results, the declination of WT will be lessened and the situation with regard to WT will therefore be improved with the gradual substitution of Boro by Aus and Rabi (30, 50 and 100%). The simulated WT scenario will be useful for policymakers to set policies about cropping patterns or groundwater withdrawal amounts targeting the area's long-term sustainability of groundwater.
A Case of Eosinophilic Cystitis treated with Mepolizumab
Authors: Alzaabi Saeed , Nasir Mohsen
Published: March 2023

Background:

Eosinophilic cystitis is a rare inflammatory cystitis of unknown origin. Common symptoms include urinary frequency, urgency, pain, and recurrent
urinary tract infections. Currently used treatments include corticosteroids, anti-inflammatory drugs, antihistamines, and antibiotics. Here we
present a case of successful treatment of eosinophilic cystitis with mepolizumab.

Case Presentation:

A 41-year-old female presented with urinary frequency, urgency, and suprapubic pain. She underwent multiple tests including cystoscopy and
biopsy, which revealed a diagnosis of eosinophilic cystitis in 2000. She was initially managed with oral antihistamines and oral steroids. However,
over the years her symptoms increased in frequency, intensity, and duration. Montelukast 10 mg daily started which did not show any
improvement. In 2017 Mepolizumab 100 mg every 4 weeks started. The patient noted improvement after a few months, and she was tolerating her
injections well without side effects and had no further flares of her condition.

Discussion:

We present a case of eosinophilic cystitis which was refractory to multiple treatments and responded well to mepolizumab. There are no definite
guidelines for the management of EC and there is no curative treatment for this disease. Mepolizumab is an anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody and the
use of mepolizumab in the management of EC that is refractory to treatment have been reported in a few cases. The use of mepolizumab has been
described in different diseases associated with eosinophilic inflammation such as severe eosinophilic asthma, eosinophilic esophagitis, eosinophilic
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and severe nasal polyposis.

Conclusion:

Mepolizumab can be considered a treatment option in EC cases refractory to the standard treatment. At this time, larger studies are needed to
evaluate the efficacy and safety of mepolizumab in EC.
Gonadotropic Activity of Pituitary Extract of African Catfish,
Clarias gariepinus, in Mammals using Immature Wistar Rats as
Models
Authors: Azubuike Ubah Simon , Eneojo Abalaka Samson , Clara Asibor Victory , Kehinde Ogundana Ebenezer , Iyojo Itodo Joy , Adikpe Agbonu Oluwa , Kwinjoh Columbus Philemon , Owoicho Abah Kenneth , Ese Obudu Christopher , Akefe Isaac Oluwatobi , Adaoma Ezinwo Prisca
Published: March 2023

Background:

The pituitary glands normally produce and stores gonadotropic
hormones (GnH) that are responsible for ovulation and spermiation in animals. However,
whether fish pituitary extracts can elicit same effects in treated animals need elucidation as
a prelude to their practical usage in animals.

Objectives:

The aim of this study was to investigate the oestrus-inducing potential of the
pituitary gland extract of the Africa Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) in immature Wistar rats.

Methods:

The experiment involved the use of 18 immature female Wistar rats and 10 male
catfish brood stocks with the use of six Wistar rats per groups as follows: Group A had
human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) treatment. Group B had only normal saline treatment
as the control whereas Group C had the C. gariepinus pituitary extract administration to
induce oestrus with treatments occurring twice six hours apart in each group.

Results:

There was an obvious expression of visible signs of heat and the presence of uterine
horn oedema with significant (p < 0.05) increase in reproductive tract weight and uterine
width and length. However, only progesterone levels increased significantly (p < 0.05)
in the hCG and the C. gariepinus pituitary extract treated groups compared to other assayed
hormones.

Conclusion:

These results showed that C. gariepinus pituitary extract has the capacity to induce
oestrus in Wistar rats because of its gonadotropic effects, which needs further investigations
at higher doses and for longer exposure periods for possible oestrus induction and synchronization
in higher mammals. Further favourable results could herald the possible patent
of the catfish pituitary extract for either experimental or commercial use in mammals.
Microwave Assisted Transesterification Reaction Kinetics of Biodiesel from Jatropha Oil
Authors:   Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Poerwadi Bambang , Ismuyanto Bambang ,   Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Rosyadi Ahmad Ridwan ,   Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya, Wibowo Ayu Indah ,   Jurusan Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik, Universitas Brawijaya
Published: March 2023

Biodiesel has become an important alternative green fuel to diminish the use of fossil fuel. In this paper, biodiesel was produced by microwave assisted transesterification of Jatropha curcas oil. Transesterification was varied in temperature of 45-65oC and time of 2-6 minutes. Ratio of methanol and oil was fixed as 7.5:1, while the KOH concentration was 1.5% from the total mass of oil and methanol. Conversion of Jatropha oil into biodiesel was evaluated by analyzing the concentration of produced methyl ester using GC-FID. In this study, reaction rate constant and activation energy of microwave-assisted esterification were calculated and evaluated in detail. The average reaction rate constant for the temperature of 65, 60, 55, 50, and 45 oC were 1,222; 1,930; 2,002; 1,666; and 1,608 L/mol.minutes, respectively. The activation energy of this microwave assisted esterification was 18.91 kJ/mol, which was lower than that of using direct heating, 28.8 kJ/mol.
Kodeks etyki a zjawisko uporczywej terapii w pracy pielęgniarki
Authors: Rybka Mariola , Koszczka Renata
Published: March 2023

Wstęp. Kodeks etyki pielęgniarskiej stanowi moralny drogowskaz postępowania zawodowego. Przedstawia on działania i postawy jakie powinny prezentować pielęgniarki wobec pacjenta, współpracowników oraz praktyki zawodowej. Normy zawarte w kodeksie etyki zawodowej służą pomocą w rozwiązywaniu dylematów moralnych pojawiających się w czasie wykonywania codziennej pracy zawodowej. Do dylematów etycznych należy m.in. zjawisko uporczywej terapii. Termin ten oznacza stosowanie procedur i zabiegów medycznych nieproporcjonalnych do zamierzonych celów terapii.

Cel. Celem badań było poznanie opinii pielęgniarek na temat wpływu etyki na podejmowane decyzje w sytuacji stosowania uporczywej terapii.

Materiały i metody. Badaniem objęto grupę 100 pielęgniarek aktywnych zawodowo. Grupą respondentów byli studenci II stopnia na kierunku pielęgniarstwo. Wiek respondentów mieścił się w przedziale 25 do 56 lat. Metodą wykorzystaną w pracy był sondaż diagnostyczny. Narzędziem badawczym był kwestionariusz ankiety konstrukcji własnej, składający się z 22 pytań zamkniętych.

Wyniki. Respondenci potwierdzili występowanie zjawiska uporczywej terapii stosowanej wobec pacjentów. Wdrożenie do praktyki zasad Kodeksu etyki pielęgniarskiej w omawianym aspekcie napotyka na szereg trudności. Znajomość kodeksu etyki zawodowej pielęgniarki oceniły na bardzo dobrym poziomie. Większość, czyli 90% respondentów spotkała się ze zjawiskiem uporczywej terapii. Grupa ¾ badanych wskazuje poprawnie definicję pojęcia uporczywa terapia.

Wnioski. Najnowsze osiągnięcia medyczne pozwalają na długotrwałe, sztuczne podtrzymywanie życia tylko nie zawsze jest to zgodne z naukami etyki. Pielęgniarki w swojej pracy napotykają sytuacje gdzie następuje przekroczenie granicy terapii przynoszącej pozytywny efekt terapeutyczny, a działaniami zmierzającymi w kierunku uporczywej terapii. Do czynników wiodących do podejmowania decyzji o prowadzeniu terapii daremnej przez personel medyczny była presja ze strony rodziny pacjenta.
Wady postawy u dzieci – profilaktyczna rola pielęgniarki
Authors: Antczak-Komoterska Anna , Lewińska Aneta
Published: March 2023

Wstęp. Wady postawy są obecnie problemem zdrowotnym i społecznym. Obserwujemy, coraz większą liczbę nieprawidłowości w rozwoju narządu ruchu i statyki ciała u dzieci i młodzieży. Wzrastający z roku na rok procent dzieci z wadami postawy, zmusza do szerszego zainteresowania się tą problematyką.

Cel. Celem pracy było przedstawienie charakterystyki wad postawy u dzieci i działań pielęgniarki w zakresie ich prewencji.

Materiał i metody. Metoda zastosowana w pracy to analiza literatury.

Przegląd. Profilaktyka i edukacja zdrowotna w zakresie wad postawy jest najważniejsza w walce z błędami w zachowaniu zdrowotnym i zakorzenionymi nawykami. Najbardziej podatną na edukację jest grupa dzieci i młodzieży. Okres wzrastania jako najbardziej plastyczny w rozwoju, jest bardzo podatny na naukę prawidłowych wzorców i korektę nieprawidłowości postawy. Rodzina, przedszkole, szkoła to środowiska, które wywierają duży wpływ na tworzenie i utrwalanie różnych zachowań.

Wnioski. Postawy życiowe i zachowanie zdrowotne kształtujące się w tym okresie sprawiają, że promowanie zdrowia poprzez edukację zdrowotną kierowaną do dzieci i młodzieży jest bardzo istotnym elementem pracy pielęgniarki.
Web-Based Digital Storytelling for Endometriosis and Pain: Qualitative Pilot Study
Authors: Howard A Fuchsia , Noga Heather , Parmar Gurkiran , Kennedy Lan , Aragones Sarah , Bassra Roop , Gelfer Lauren , Lopez de Arbina Edurne , Sutherland Jessica , Allaire Catherine , Oliffe John L , Currie Leanne M , Yager Holly , Yong Paul J
Published: March 2023

Background

Endometriosis is a complex chronic disease characterized by pain, including painful sex, that can contribute to considerable sexual function, self-esteem, and relationship challenges. Digital storytelling is an arts-based, participatory methodology wherein individuals create and share their illness experiences in detailing their lived experiences.

Objective

The study objective was to pilot-test a web-based digital storytelling workshop focused on endometriosis to understand storytellers’ experiences of workshop participation. We assessed the feasibility of story cocreation and sharing, including the emotional impact of workshop participation, the acceptability of the workshop for the subject matter, and the storytellers’ willingness to share their stories with broader audiences as a method for knowledge translation.

Methods

This study used a community-based participatory methodology supplemented with patient-oriented research and integrated knowledge translation. Study participants, referred to as storytellers, cocreated 3- to 5-minute individual digital stories about their lived experiences of endometriosis during a web-based workshop (comprising five 2-hour sessions over 6 weeks) facilitated by The Center for Digital Storytelling. Data were collected through participant observations at the workshop, storyteller weekly reflective journals, and an end-of-workshop focus group interview with storytellers. These data were analyzed using a qualitative interpretive description approach.

Results

A total of 5 women and 1 nonbinary storyteller aged 19 to 39 years who had experienced endometriosis for 4 to 22 years participated in the study. We characterized storytelling workshop participation and the acceptability of story cocreation by describing participants’ experiences of opportunity, commitment, and connection; complex emotions that were healing; and a desire to share. Feasibility was demonstrated through 100% engagement in the workshops. All 6 storytellers reported feeling empowered by publicly sharing their cocreated digital stories through social media and the Sex, Pain & Endometriosis website.

Conclusions

Despite the complexities of the story-building process, the workshop and the cocreation and sharing of digital stories were feasible. The storytellers found that this process allowed for emotional healing and personal empowerment by offering a unique way to talk about painful sex, which also facilitated a connection among those in the workshop. The use of digital storytelling as a knowledge translation tool shows promise, and this approach also has potential as a therapeutic intervention.
The Use of Digital Health by South Asian Communities: Scoping Review
Authors: Aldosari Nasser , Ahmed Saima , McDermott Jane , Stanmore Emma
Published: March 2023

Background

South Asian individuals experience a higher burden of chronic diseases and limited access to health care services compared with their Caucasian peers. Digital health interventions can enhance the delivery of health care, minimize health inequities, and consequently improve health status among minority ethnic groups. However, it is unclear how South Asian people view and perceive the use of digital health technologies to support their health needs.

Objective

The aim of the review is to identify South Asian individuals’ experiences and attitudes of digital health and explore the barriers and facilitators affecting their use of digital health services.

Methods

The Arksey and O’Malley methodological framework was used to guide this scoping review. Five electronic databases were examined for pertinent papers, which were augmented by searching bibliographies of the retrieved papers and gray literature. A total of 1328 potentially relevant papers were retrieved from the initial search, and the supplemental search added 7 papers to the final list of potentially included papers. Each paper on the initial inclusion list was independently reviewed, leaving 15 papers to be included in the review.

Results

Data were analyzed thematically leading to the development of two overarching themes: (1) barriers to uptake of digital health and (2) facilitators of use of digital health services. There was a general consensus that South Asian communities still struggle with inadequate access to digital health technologies. Some studies suggest multiple initiatives to improve accessibility and acceptability of digital health services within South Asian communities in order to mitigate health disparities and develop a more inclusive health care system. These include the development of multiple-language and culturally sensitive interventions and digital skill development sessions. Most studies were conducted in South Asian countries, focusing on measurable outcomes of digital health interventions. Few explored the experiences and views of South Asian community members residing in the West as a minority ethnic group, for example, British South Asians.

Conclusions

Literature mapping proposes that South Asian people frequently struggle with a health care system that may limit their access to digital health services, and sometimes fails to consider social and cultural needs. There is growing evidence that digital health interventions have the potential to facilitate supported self-management, which is part of the plans to adopt person-centered care. These interventions are particularly important for overcoming some of the challenges, for example, time constraints, safety, and gender sensitivity, associated with the delivery of health care interventions in minority ethnic groups such as South Asians in the United Kingdom, and thus to improve minority ethnic groups’ access to health care services to support individual health needs, and consequently enhance health status.
Development and Assessment of Assisted Diagnosis Models Using Machine Learning for Identifying Elderly Patients With Malnutrition: Cohort Study
Authors: Wang Xue , Yang Fengchun , Zhu Mingwei , Cui Hongyuan , Wei Junmin , Li Jiao , Chen Wei
Published: March 2023

Background

Older patients are at an increased risk of malnutrition due to many factors related to poor clinical outcomes.

Objective

This study aims to develop an assisted diagnosis model using machine learning (ML) for identifying older patients with malnutrition and providing the focus of individualized treatment.

Methods

We reanalyzed a multicenter, observational cohort study including 2660 older patients. Baseline malnutrition was defined using the global leadership initiative on malnutrition (GLIM) criteria, and the study population was randomly divided into a derivation group (2128/2660, 80%) and a validation group (532/2660, 20%). We applied 5 ML algorithms and further explored the relationship between features and the risk of malnutrition by using the Shapley additive explanations visualization method.

Results

The proposed ML models were capable to identify older patients with malnutrition. In the external validation cohort, the top 3 models by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were light gradient boosting machine (92.1%), extreme gradient boosting (91.9%), and the random forest model (91.5%). Additionally, the analysis of the importance of features revealed that BMI, weight loss, and calf circumference were the strongest predictors to affect GLIM. A BMI of below 21 kg/m2 was associated with a higher risk of GLIM in older people.

Conclusions

We developed ML models for assisting diagnosis of malnutrition based on the GLIM criteria. The cutoff values of laboratory tests generated by Shapley additive explanations could provide references for the identification of malnutrition.

Trial Registration

Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR-EPC-14005253; https://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=9542
Peer Review of "Postacute Sequelae of COVID-19 and Adverse Psychiatric Outcomes: Protocol for an Etiology and Risk Systematic Review" (Preprint)
Authors: Qianlan Yin
Published: March 2023

UNSTRUCTURED
Impact of the Narcotics Information Management System on Opioid Use Among Outpatients With Musculoskeletal and Connective Tissue Disorders: Quasi-Experimental Study Using Interrupted Time Series (Preprint)
Authors: Lee Iyn-Hyang , Kim So Young , Park Susin , Ryu Jae Gon , Je Nam Kyung
Published: March 2023

BACKGROUND

Opioids have traditionally been used to manage acute or terminal pain. However, their prolonged use has the potential for abuse, misuse, and addiction. South Korea introduced a new health care IT system named the Narcotics Information Management System (NIMS) with the objective of managing all aspects of opioid use, including manufacturing, distribution, sales, disposal, etc.

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to assess the impact of NIMS on opioid use.

METHODS

We conducted an analysis using national claims data from 45,582 patients diagnosed with musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders between 2016 and 2020. Our approach included using an interrupted time-series analysis and constructing segmented regression models. Within these models, we considered the primary intervention to be the implementation of NIMS, while we treated the COVID-19 outbreak as the secondary event. To comprehensively assess inappropriate opioid use, we examined 4 key indicators, as established in previous studies: (1) the proportion of patients on high-dose opioid treatment, (2) the proportion of patients receiving opioid prescriptions from multiple providers, (3) the overlap rate of opioid prescriptions per patient, and (4) the naloxone use rate among opioid users.

RESULTS

During the study period, there was a general trend of increasing opioid use. After the implementation of NIMS, significant increases were observed in the trend of the proportion of patients on high-dose opioid treatment (coefficient=0.0271; P=.01) and in the level of the proportion of patients receiving opioid prescriptions from multiple providers (coefficient=0.6252; P=.004). An abrupt decline was seen in the level of the naloxone use rate among opioid users (coefficient=–0.2968; P=.04). While these changes were statistically significant, their clinical significance appears to be minor. No significant changes were observed after both the implementation of NIMS and the COVID-19 outbreak.

CONCLUSIONS

This study suggests that, in its current form, the NIMS may not have brought significant improvements to the identified indicators of opioid overuse and misuse. Additionally, the COVID-19 outbreak exhibited no significant influence on opioid use patterns. The absence of real-time monitoring feature within the NIMS could be a key contributing factor. Further exploration and enhancements are needed to maximize the NIMS’ impact on curbing inappropriate opioid use.