bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
KARAKTERISTIK PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU KAMBUH DI RSUD DR. H. CHASAN BOESOIRIE
Authors: Abubakar Ummuhani , Masrika Nur Upik En,
Published: October 2024

Indonesia menempati urutan tertinggi kedua jumlah penderita tuberkulosis terbanyak di dunia. Namun data tersebut belum mencerminkan presentasi kasus baru maupun kambuh. Penelitian terkait tuberkulosis paru kambuh belum pernah dilakukan di Maluku Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita tuberkulosis paru kambuh di Rumah Sakit Utama Provinsi Maluku Utara. Metode penelitian observasional deskriptif retrospektif ini dilakukan pada poliklinik paru RSUD Dr. H. Chasan Boesoirie Ternate berdasarkan data rekam medis dari tahun 2016 – 2021. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari 19 penderita, 21% termasuk ke dalam kelompok usia 26 – 35 tahun dan 46 – 55 tahun, 63% berjenis kelamin laki – laki, 68,4% menempuh pendidikan terakhir di SMA, 26,3% bekerja sebagai wiraswasta, 57,9% tanpa penyakit penyerta, 57,9% memiliki riwayat merokok, dan 57,9% tidak teratur minum obat.  Tuberkulosis paru kambuh paling banyak terjadi pada kelompok umur 26 – 35 tahun dan 46 – 55 tahun, paling banyak terjadi pada penderita dengan jenis kelamin laki – laki, berpendidikan terakhir SMA, bekerja sebagai wiraswasta, sebagian besar tidak mempunyai penyakit penyerta, paling banyak memiliki riwayat merokok dan tidak teratur minum obat.
Translanguaging and Decolonisation in South African Higher Education: Embracing Multilingual Pedagogies
Authors: Mbirimi-Hungwe Vimbai , Matariro-Mutanha Mariyeni
Published: October 2024

Translanguaging, a practice that recognises and utilizes  multilingual students’ linguistic repertoires has emerged as a crucial approach in challenging traditional language policies, particularly in the South African educational landscape.Despite its embrace, a colonial stance still persists in teaching practices. Through a critical analysis of teaching materials used in an academic literacy course, this paper explores how translanguaging is currently being used in teaching and learning. Findings reveal a tension in the sense that even though students’ language practices are acknowledged, the materials still maintain a dominant position for English. This highlights the need to move beyond a simplistic view of multilingualism towards a more holistic embrace of translanguaging.Set against this background, this research argues that translanguaging can bridge the abyssal divide created by colonialism. It emphasizes the unifying potential of translanguaging, fostering an educational landscape that celebrates South Africa's rich linguistic diversity and cultural heritage. Ultimately, the study calls upon educators to move beyond the limitations of standardized languages and fully embrace translanguaging as a transformative force for decolonization.At the end, the paper calls for further research.
Development of Sigamel Mobile Learning for Learning Javanese Noun Vocabulary
Authors: Anjarsari Silfa , Astuti Eka Yuli
Published: October 2024

Reading is an important aspect of learning a language. One of the basic aspects of reading is the large vocabulary. Students' vocabulary acquisition can be obtained from the learning process. However, in the vocabulary learning process, problems are still caused by the limitations of the media used. The limited media used causes students' interest in learning to decrease. Responding to these problems, this research aims to develop mobile learning which can be used as an aid for learning the vocabulary of object names from gamelan musical instruments. In developing mobile learning, the research method used is research and development (R&D). The research subjects in this study are teachers, media experts, and material experts. Data collection techniques used interview techniques and questionnaire techniques. Sigamel mobile learning was developed based on analysis of problems, needs, and revisions based on expert validation results. The design validation results obtained a score of 4 from material experts in the good category while the score obtained from media experts was 4.7 in the very good category. The development of Sigamel mobile learning is worthy of being developed in Javanese language learning. The results of this research state explicitly that sigamel mobile learning can be developed into a tool for learning Javanese which focuses on noun vocabulary material. Therefore, teachers are advised to use sigamel mobile learning in learning.
Community-Inquiry: Current Perspectives on Freshmen’s Verbal and Written Feedback from Sophomores Students of EFL Writing
Authors: Hanifiyah Lina , Ivone Francisca Maria , Rachmajanti Sri
Published: October 2024

A community of inquiry can help students increase engagement that supports English language acquisition. The community- inquiry provides students not only with cognitive but also social intelligence. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the perceptions of sophomores' verbal and written feedbacks on freshmen’s writing. This small-scale study examined 25 students attending an Intensive English Course in the English Literature Department at Universitas Islam Negeri Maulana Malik Ibrahim Malang. It involved sophomores providing verbal and written feedbacks on freshmen's writing, reflecting the implementation of a community of inquiry. The study employed a case study method, using three types of questionnaires to gather students' opinions on sophomores' written feedbacks, their perceptions of the verbal feedbacks, and their descriptive writing competence following the feedback process. The study revealed that both the sophomores' verbal and written feedbacks were beneficial for improving the freshmen's writing skills. Furthermore, the process of receiving feedbacks also appeared to enhance the students' confidence in their writing.Verbal and written feedback from the sophomores not only clarifies the aspects for the improvement of the composition but also improves the freshmen’s self-confidence to write better. The feedbacks are effective since the students are of the same age, the freshmen can relate better, and the feedback they receive matches their style. However, this type of mentorship also has drawbacks because the sophomores’ knowledge is limited, so the input they can provide is also limited.  Therefore, it is suggested that English lecturers take advantage of sophomores' verbal and written feedbacks to assist freshmen in developing their writing skills.
Usûlî İhtilaflar Açısından El-‘Unvân İle Eş-Şâtıbiyye Mukayesesi
Authors: Akcan Resul
Published: October 2024

Bu çalışmada, kıraat ilminin temel kaynaklarından olan el-‘Unvân ile eş-Şâtıbiyye isimli iki eser, usûlî ihtilaflar açısından karşılaştırılmıştır. Her iki eser, telif edildiği tarihten günümüze değin yaygın olarak okutulan, ezberletilen ve referans gösterilen önemli çalışmalardır. Özellikle de eş-Şâtıbiyye, günümüzde varlığını devam ettiren kıraat tarik ve mesleklerinin ana kaynakları arasında yerini almakla güncel bir hüviyete sahiptir. eş-Şâtıbiyye telif edilmeden önce Mısır’da daha çok el-‘Unvân’ın okutulup ezberletilmekte olduğu ifade edilmiştir. el-‘Unvân ile eş-Şâtıbiyye yedi kıraate dair rivayet ve tarik içermesi sebebiyle muhteva yönünden aynı olsa da bazı vecihlerin terk veya isbatı noktasında aralarında birtakım farklılıklar vardır ve söz konusu farklılıkların bütüncül olarak takdimi çalışmanın nirengi noktasıdır. Çalışmada söz konusu vecihlerin sıhhat derecesi, buna bağlı olarak ilgili vecihlerin tercih sebepleri de tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Bununla da eş-Şâtıbiyye’nin günümüz kıraat eğitim-öğretiminde merkezi konuma gelmesinin teorik arka planının yansıtılması amaçlanmıştır. Aynı zamanda bu farklılıklar, zaman zaman temel kaynaklar açısından analiz edilmiştir. İki eser arasındaki kıraat ihtilafları tespit edilip bir doküman çıkartılmakla, hem sahada araştırma yapmak isteyenler için akademik veri ortaya konulması hem de Şâtıbiyye tariki üzere kıraat okuyan-okutan kimselere kolaylık sağlanması hedeflenmiştir. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgular sonucunda eş-Şâtıbiyye’nin daha fazla vecih ihtiva ettiği tespit edilmiş ve iki eser arasındaki ihtilafların, genelde bir vechin terk veya isbatı şeklinde meydana geldiği görülmüştür.
The Complex Dynamics Between Discrimination and Traumatic Experiences Among Refugees in the United States
Authors: Dan Nyaronga
Published: October 2024

The National Comorbidity Survey suggest that majority of men and women among all U.S. adults aged 18 to 55 have experienced at least one traumatic event during their lives. However, a significant gap exists in comparable documentation regarding the prevalence of trauma among refugees, including associated factors such as coping mechanisms. To address this, employing a cross-sectional design, our study surveyed 222 individuals between the ages of 13 and 70 years, identifying as part of the refugee population. The purpose was to illuminate the intersection between discrimination, resilience, social support, religiosity, refugee-focused programs, and various demographic factors, including age, gender, education level, income, family size, marital status, time lived in the U.S., and refugee traumatic experiences. Our results not only confirm previous research findings on the factors associated with trauma symptoms but also unveil novel insights into the available resources that contribute to mitigating traumatic symptoms during the refugee transition into the host country. This research addresses a critical gap in understanding the unique challenges faced by refugees and the complex interplay of factors influencing their mental health. The findings contribute valuable insights to the existing body of knowledge, providing a nuanced perspective on the intricacies of the refugee experience and establishing the groundwork for tailored interventions and support mechanisms.
Cultural and Socio-Economic Contexts in Policy Design: Proposing Theoretical Insights on How Psychoeconomics Can Inform the Design of Poverty Alleviation Policies
Authors: Maria Cati Matteo
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes theoretical insights into how Psychoeconomics can inform the design of poverty alleviation policies that are sensitive to cultural and socio-economic contexts. By integrating psychological principles with economic theories, this approach aims to address the complex interplay of social factors influencing economic behavior. Drawing on the work of Michael Kremer, Edward Miguel, Esther Duflo, and others, this framework seeks to enhance the effectiveness of poverty alleviation strategies through culturally and contextually informed interventions.
WAYS TO NEUTRALIZE THREATS TO THE ECONOMIC SECURITY OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
Authors: Torzhenova Tatyana , Mamonov Roman
Published: October 2024

The article provides an overview of threats to economic security at the current stage of the country's development and ways to reduce the effects of negative factors on the economy. The most relevant internal and external threats, as well as significant indicators of economic security, are analyzed. Reasonable directions are proposed to reduce pressure on the economic security of the country by neutralizing the primary threats, namely: support for young families, increasing fertility, reducing mortality from diseases, reducing the property stratification of the population, including by increasing the minimum wage and returning to the wage scale in the public sector.
ENSURING ENERGY SECURITY IN THE CONTEXT OF THE EXPANSION OF THE USE OF DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
Authors: Sukhareva Evgenia , Rukina Ekaterina
Published: October 2024

The article presents the results of a study of the processes of ensuring energy security in the context of the expansion of the use of digital technologies in the global economy. Data on electric energy consumption by Google Corporation has been analyzed. Data on the consumption of electric energy for bitcoin mining by various countries of the world have been studied. The forecast values of mining capacities in the countries of the world by 2030 are presented. The features of ensuring energy security at the national and global levels in the context of the growing scale of the spread of digital services in the modern economy are determined. The patterns of growth in electric energy consumption in the context of increasing integration of artificial intelligence technologies into the modern economy have been revealed.
THE METHOD OF PROBABILISTIC ASSESSMENT OF ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION (ISSUES OF ENERGY SECURITY AND LEGAL SUPPORT)
Authors: Kuzminov Alexander , Kuzminova Yulia , Zubko Lyubov
Published: October 2024

The article deals with the problem of determining the actual energy consumption of outdoor lighting in municipalities, which arises as a result of the shortcomings of the existing energy management system and leads to contradictions between electricity suppliers and the municipality. The lack of metering devices and a wide variety of types of lighting lamps leads to the fact that the standard calculation methods used by the supplier unreasonably overestimate the cost of real consumption, thus limiting the budgetary possibilities of cities. It is proposed to solve this problem through the use of rank-parametric tools, which are successfully used for evaluation and forecasting in industry.
Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B with mildly elevated aminotransferase: A rollover study from the TORCH-B trial
Authors: Hsu Yao-Chun , Chen Chi-Yi , Tseng Cheng-Hao , Chen Chieh-Chang , Lee Teng-Yu , Bair Ming-Jong , Chen Jyh-Jou , Huang Yen-Tsung , Chang I-Wei , Chang Chi-Yang , Wu Chun-Ying , Wu Ming-Shiang , Mo Lein-Ray , Lin Jaw-Town
Published: October 2024

Background/Aims: Treatment indications for patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain contentious, particularly for patients with mild alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevation. We aimed to evaluate treatment effects in this patient population.Methods: This rollover study extended a placebo-controlled trial that enrolled non-cirrhotic patients with CHB and ALT levels below two times the upper limit of normal. Following 3 years of randomized intervention with either tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) or placebo, participants were rolled over to open-label TDF for 3 years. Liver biopsies were performed before and after the treatment to evaluate histopathological changes. Virological, biochemical, and serological outcomes were also assessed (NCT02463019).Results: Of 146 enrolled patients (median age 47 years, 80.8% male), 123 completed the study with paired biopsies. Overall, the Ishak fibrosis score decreased in 74 (60.2%), remained unchanged in 32 (26.0%), and increased in 17 (13.8%) patients (p<0.0001). The Knodell necroinflammation score decreased in 58 (47.2%), remained unchanged in 29 (23.6%), and increased in 36 (29.3%) patients (p=0.0038). The proportion of patients with an Ishak score ≥ 3 significantly decreased from 26.8% (n=33) to 9.8% (n=12) (p=0.0002). Histological improvements were more pronounced in patients switching from placebo. Virological and biochemical outcomes also improved in placebo switchers and remained stable in patients who continued TDF. However, serum HBsAg levels did not change and no patient cleared HBsAg.Conclusions: In CHB patients with minimally raised ALT, favorable histopathological, biochemical, and virological outcomes were observed following 3-year TDF treatment, for both treatment-naïve patients and those already on therapy.
Aeromedical Considerations for Patient Safety in Aesthetic Medical Tourism
Authors: Hoyos Alfredo E. , Ramirez Brian , Benavides Jorge , Perez Pachon Mauricio E. , Varela Agustina
Published: October 2024

INTRODUCTION: The global rise in aesthetic surgery has led to an increase in aesthetic medical tourism (AMT). As patients pursue surgical interventions abroad, concerns about the elevated complication rates in AMT have emerged. This study explores the complexities of AMT, emphasizing the intersection of plastic surgery and aerospace medicine, to elucidate the incidence of complications, identify associated variables, and introduce aeromedical considerations to proactively enhance patient safety.

METHODS: A comprehensive retrospective observational cohort study was conducted using data spanning 2004 to 2023 from a private plastic surgery practice in Bogota, Colombia. The study included 3367 patients, of whom 26% were international patients. Sociodemographic and clinical variables, flight details, and surgical complications were analyzed. Statistical analyses involved descriptive statistics, odds ratios, and multiple regression analyses.

RESULTS: Of the 865 AMT patients, 75 exhibited complications. Infection and wound dehiscence were the most prevalent; no severe complications or mortality was reported. The study revealed that AMT patients have a higher risk of complications compared to those locally treated (adjusted odds ratio = 4.6; 95% confidence interval = 2.6–8.2). Flight time exceeding 4 h was a factor associated with nonaesthetic complications.

DISCUSSION: This study reveals that AMT is linked to a higher risk of nonaesthetic complications, with flight duration being a significant contributing factor. Despite the increased risk, complication rates for AMT patients did not surpass thresholds reported in the literature; this may be attributed to the safety protocols implemented. Aeromedical considerations played a crucial role in mitigating physiological stress associated with air travel.

Hoyos AE, Ramirez B, Benavides J, Perez Pachon ME, Varela A. Aeromedical considerations for patient safety in aesthetic medical tourism. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2024; 95(10):765–770.
objects are (not) ...
Authors: Grafe Friedrich Wilhelm
Published: October 2024

... try to explore, what properties objects are presupposed to have, in order to enter the universe of discourse of an interpreted formalized language. First I review Frege′s analysis of the logical structure of truth value definite sentences of scientific colloquial language, to draw suggestions from his saturated vs. unsaturated sentence components paradigm. Next try investigate, in how far reference to non pure math objects might allow for a role as argument of a truth value function. Object kinds to be considered are: common sense objects, technical objects, humanities object kinds (social, psychical, ...), objects of art, ... , be they abstract, concrete, or in this respect mixed objects. Then have a comment on the just referenced label abstract objects. Next try to get an idea wrt the ontological significance of the fact, that pure math objects and functions in some important classical cases can be uniquely defined by means of categorical theories. Here, in the course of my argument, I have a little corollary wrt the standard model of first order Peano arithmetic, reducing the epistemological significance of the existence of the non standard models. Next, wrt a special concept of a formalized empirical theory, I care for whether the impure math objects and mixed objects described here, and complying best with truth value function mapping, are also reliable candidates for the ontological commitment of such theories; and discuss an alternative, which reduces the ontological significance of the universe of discourse of the theories intended models. -finis
EM BUSCA DE UM PROFESSOR ERRANTE
Authors: Silva Arthur Ribeiro Costa e , Guimarães Geová Bezerra
Published: October 2024

O presente artigo propõe uma releitura das ideias de João Wanderley Geraldi, que defende uma concepção interacionista radical de educação linguística, assentada na reconstrução constante da linguagem nas condições da prática de ensino e no papel do professor como parceiro do aluno no estudo dos textos e dos recursos linguísticos a serem trabalhados. A fim de atualizar a abordagem da obra geraldiana, aproximamo-la da epistemologia da errância proposta por João Flávio de Almeida, que retoma de forma original as ideias da análise do discurso com o projeto de estabelecer como princípio da linguagem a hiância entre elementos linguísticos e acontecimento discursivo, problematizando a noção de erro em prol da ideia de errância dos sujeitos e dos sentidos.
Cellular and transcriptomic changes by the supplementation of aged rat serum in human pluripotent stem cell-derived myogenic progenitors
Authors: Tey Sin-Ruow , Anderson Ryan S. , Yu Clara H. , Robertson Samantha , Kletzien Heidi , Connor Nadine P. , Tanaka Kaori , Ohkawa Yasuyuki , Suzuki Masatoshi
Published: October 2024

Introduction

The changing composition of non-cell autonomous circulating factors in blood as humans age is believed to play a role in muscle mass and strength loss. The mechanisms through which these circulating factors act in age-related skeletal muscle changes is not fully understood. In this study, we used human myogenic progenitors derived from human pluripotent stem cells to study non-cell autonomous roles of circulating factors during the process of myogenic differentiation.

Methods

Myogenic progenitors from human embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) were supplemented with serum samples from aged or young Fischer 344 × Brown Norway F1-hybrid rats. The effect of aged or young serum supplementation on myogenic progenitor proliferation, myotube formation capacity, differentiation, and early transcriptomic profiles were analyzed.

Results

We found that aged rat serum supplementation significantly reduced cell proliferation and increased cell death in both ESC- and iPSC-derived myogenic progenitors. Next, we found that the supplementation of aged rat serum inhibited myotube formation and maturation during terminal differentiation from progenitors to skeletal myocytes when compared to the cells treated with young adult rat serum. Lastly, we identified that gene expression profiles were affected following serum supplementation in culture.

Discussion

Together, aged serum supplementation caused cellular and transcriptomic changes in human myogenic progenitors. The current data from our in vitro model possibly simulate non-cell autonomous contributions of blood composition to age-related processes in human skeletal muscle.
CO2 capture technology based on gas hydrate method: a review
Authors: Pei Jialing , Chen Jinger , Wang Jingxue , Li Zhi , Li Nan , Kan Jingyu
Published: October 2024

At present, the problem of global warming is becoming increasingly serious, and one of the main culprits is the increasing amount of carbon dioxide emissions. Although the traditional carbon capture technologies can reduce the concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere, it has a series of problems such as high energy consumption, high cost, low efficiency or unfriendly environment. Hydrate-based carbon dioxide separation are considered to be a technology with great application and development prospects. Compared with the traditional method of carbon dioxide separation, the hydrate method has the advantages of simple process, low energy consumption and environmental friendliness. This review introduces the advantages of hydrate method compared with traditional carbon capture technologies, expounds the theory of carbon dioxide capture by hydrate, and the strengthening and improvement techniques of hydrate method, including thermodynamic promoter, kinetic promoter and mechanical reinforcement, and introduces the practical application of hydrate method in various fields.
Global research trends and hotspots on human intestinal fungi and health: a bibliometric visualization study
Authors: Gong Ming , Yu Huiying , Qu Hong , Li Zhexian , Liu Di , Zhao Xin
Published: October 2024

Background

This article employs bibliometric methods and visual maps to delineate the research background, collaborative relationships, hotspots, and trends in the study of gut fungi in human diseases and health.

Methods

Publications related to human gut fungi were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection. VOSviewer, CiteSpace, R software and Microsoft Excel were employed to generate visual representations illustrating the contributions made by countries/regions, authors, organizations, and journals. Employing VOSviewer and CiteSpace, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of the retrieved publications, revealing underlying tendencies, research hotspots, and intricate knowledge networks.

Results

This study analyzed a total of 3,954 publications. The United States ranks first in the number of published papers and has the highest number of citations and h-index. Mostafa S Elshahed is the most prolific author. The University of California System is the institution that published the most papers. Frontiers In Microbiology is the journal with the largest number of publications. Three frequently co-cited references have experienced a citation burst lasting until 2024.

Conclusion

Advancements in sequencing technologies have intensified research into human gut fungi and their health implications, shifting the research focus from gut fungal infections towards microbiome science. Inflammatory bowel diseases and Candida albicans have emerged as pivotal areas of interest in this endeavor. Through this study, we have gained a deeper insight into global trends and frontier hotspots within this field, thereby enhancing our understanding of the intricate relationship between gut fungi and human health.
Review of One Health in the Galápagos Islands (Part 1): historical perspective, invasive species, and emerging infectious diseases
Authors: Jimenez Isabel A. , Vega-Mariño Patricio A. , Villacres Tamia , Houck Emma L.
Published: October 2024

The Galápagos archipelago is a vast reservoir of terrestrial and marine biodiversity, owing in large part to its relatively recent volcanic genesis and colonization by humans. This unique ecological system is particularly susceptible to human, animal, and environmental impacts. Climate change, globalization, and the blurring of human-domestic animal-wildlife interfaces are poised to bring new threats and challenges to the region. A One Health perspective that simultaneously considers human, animal, and environmental health is imperative in assessing and mitigating the challenges facing the Galápagos Islands. In Part I of this review, we provide the historical context for biodiversity in the archipelago; discuss the role of invasive species in habitat destruction, fragmentation, and competition with endemic species; and summarize the established and emerging infectious disease threats. We also discuss the imperative to implement research, surveillance, and preventative measures to identify and manage future threats from a One Health perspective, with a specific emphasis on implications for wildlife health. In Part II of this review, we outline the socioeconomic context of life in the Galápagos Islands, evaluate the current and predicted effects of climate change, and discuss direct anthropogenic factors affecting Galápagos biodiversity, such as tourism, fishing, pollution, and the illegal wildlife trade. We also examine the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the region. We build a cohesive picture of One Health in the Galápagos Islands by integrating past work, current needs, and emerging threats. We also consider overarching goals for conservation, ecosystem management, and socioeconomic sustainability that have been previously defined by both governmental and non-governmental stakeholders, and we identify discrete, implementable, and interdisciplinary recommendations that will facilitate achievement of those goals.
Coronary obstruction analysis in transcatheter aortic valve implantation through patient-specific computational modelling
Authors: Fan Jiaqi , Chen Jun , Wang Lihan , Hu Po , Jiang Jubo , Lin Xinping , Rocatello Giorgia , De Beule Matthieu , Tie Yi , Wang Yifei , Cheng Sihang , Liu Xianbao , Wang Jian’an
Published: October 2024

Background

Coronary obstruction (CO) is a rare but devasting complication during transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR).

Objectives

We aim to demonstrate that the predicted distance between the coronary ostia and the closest structure derived with patient-specific computer simulation is associated with CO risk during TAVR.

Methods

We retrospectively analysed 14 aortic stenosis patients who underwent TAVR through finite element simulation. The frame deformation predicted with patient-specific computer simulation was qualitatively and quantitatively compared to the post-operative device deformation. The minimum distance between each coronary ostium and the closest structure was calculated and compared in patients who developed CO, at high risk of CO, and at no risk of CO.

Results

Four patients experienced CO during TAVR, 5 patients were at high risk of CO, and the remaining 5 patients had no risk of CO. A high coefficient of determination was obtained for all measurements extracted from the simulated device and the post-operative device (≥0.95). Simulations predicted shorter distance between the coronary ostium and the closest structure in patients who experienced CO, compared to patients at high risk of CO or who did not experience this complication (right coronary: 5.9 vs. 6.8 vs. 8.8 mm, left coronary: 3.0 vs. 3.3 vs. 6.5 mm respectively).

Conclusions

The distance between the coronary ostium and the closest structure was lower in patients who experienced CO during TAVR through patient-specific computational simulation. This technology enables coronary obstruction analysis before TAVR in the future.
Sex hormone-binding globulin promotes the osteogenic differentiation potential of equine adipose-derived stromal cells by activating the BMP signaling pathway
Authors: Irwin-Huston Jennifer M. , Bourebaba Lynda , Bourebaba Nabila , Tomal Artur , Marycz Krzysztof
Published: October 2024

Background

Musculoskeletal injuries and chronic degenerative diseases pose significant challenges in equine health, impacting performance and overall well-being. Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin (SHBG) is a glycoprotein determining the bioavailability of sex hormones in the bloodstream, and exerting critical metabolic functions, thus impacting the homeostasis of many tissues including the bone.

Methods

In this study, we investigated the potential role of SHBG in promoting osteogenesis and its underlying mechanisms in a model of equine adipose-derived stromal cells (ASCs). An SHBG-knocked down model has been established using predesigned siRNA, and cells subjected to osteogenic induction medium in the presence of exogenous SHBG protein. Changes in differentiation events where then screened using various analytical methods.

Results

We demonstrated that SHBG treatment enhances the expression of key osteoconductive regulators in equine ASCs CD34+ cells, suggesting its therapeutic potential for bone regeneration. Specifically, SHBG increased the cellular expression of BMP2/4, osteocalcin (OCL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and osteopontin (OPN), crucial factors in early osteogenesis. Furthermore, SHBG treatment maintained adequate apoptosis and enhanced autophagy during osteogenic differentiation, contributing to bone formation and remodeling. SHBG further targeted mitochondrial dynamics, and promoted the reorganization of the mitochondrial network, as well as the expression of dynamics mediators including PINK, PARKIN and MFN1, suggesting its role in adapting cells to the osteogenic milieu, with implications for osteoblast maturation and differentiation.

Conclusion

Overall, our findings provide novel insights into SHBG’s role in bone formation and suggest its potential therapeutic utility for bone regeneration in equine medicine.
Characterization of GABAergic marker expression in prefrontal cortex in dexamethasone induced depression/anxiety model
Authors: Hu Ling , Qiu Ming-Jing , Fan Wen-Juan , Wang Wan-Er , Liu Shao-Hao , Liu Xiao-Qi , Liu Shi-Wei , Shen Ze-Jin , Zheng Ya-Fei , Liu Guang-Chao , Jia Zi-Yi , Wang Xiao-Qing , Fang Na
Published: October 2024

Background

The pivotal responsibility of GABAergic interneurons is inhibitory neurotransmission; in this way, their significance lies in regulating the maintenance of excitation/inhibition (E/I) balance in cortical circuits. An abundance of glucocorticoids (GCs) exposure results in a disorder of GABAergic interneurons in the prefrontal cortex (PFC); the relationship between this status and an enhanced vulnerability to neuropsychiatric ailments, like depression and anxiety, has been identified, but this connection is still poorly understood because systematic and comprehensive research is lacking. Here, we aim to investigate the impact of dexamethasone (DEX, a GC receptor agonist) on GABAergic interneurons in the PFC of eight-week-old adult male mice.

Methods

A double-blind study was conducted where thirty-two mice were treated subcutaneously either saline or DEX (0.2 mg/10 ml per kg of body weight) dissolved in saline daily for 21 days. Weight measurements were taken at five-day intervals to assess the emotional changes in mice as well as the response to DEX treatment. Following the 21-day regimen of DEX injections, mice underwent examinations for depression/anxiety-like behaviours and GABAergic marker expression in PFC.

Results

In a depression/anxiety model generated by chronic DEX treatment, we found that our DEX procedure did trigger depression/anxiety-like behaviors in mice. Furthermore, DEX treatment reduced the expression levels of a GABA-synthesizing enzyme (GAD67), Reelin, calcium-binding proteins (parvalbumin and calretinin) and neuropeptides co-expressed in GABAergic neurons (somatostatin, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal peptide) in the PFC were reduced after 21 days of DEX treatment; these reductions were accompanied by decreases in brain size and cerebral cortex thickness.

Conclusion

Our results indicate that a reduction in the number of GABAergic interneurons may result in deficiencies in cortical inhibitory neurotransmission, potentially causing an E/I imbalance in the PFC; this insight suggests a potential breakthrough strategy for the treatment of depression and anxiety.
Triglyceride-glucose index prediction of stroke incidence risk in low-income Chinese population: a 10-year prospective cohort study
Authors: Li Xiao , Hao Juan , Han Qingqing , Wang Di , Lu Yuting , Tu Jun , Wang Lifeng , Wang Jinghua , Ning Xianjia , Yang Chunsheng , Li Yan
Published: October 2024

Aim

The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index, an indicator of insulin resistance, has been proposed as a predictor of cardiovascular diseases. However, its role in predicting stroke risk, particularly in low-income populations, is not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the predictive value of the TyG index for stroke incidence in a low-income Chinese population, with a focus on gender and age-specific differences.

Methods

This 10-year prospective cohort study included 3,534 participants aged ≥45 years from rural areas in northern China. Baseline data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle factors, and clinical measurements were collected. Participants were followed for stroke incidence, categorized into ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke. Multivariate logistic regression models were used to assess the association between the TyG index and stroke incidence, adjusting for potential confounders.

Results

During the follow-up period, 368 participants (10.4%) experienced a stroke, with 327 ischemic and 31 hemorrhagic strokes. TyG index was significantly associated with total and ischemic stroke incidence but not hemorrhagic stroke. After adjusting for confounding factors, for every one standard deviation increase in TyG index, the risk of stroke increased by 32% for overall stroke (RR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.08-1.61; P=0.006) and 39% for ischemic stroke (RR: 1.39; 95% CI: 1.12-1.73; P=0.003). The risk of stroke in the highest TyG tertile levels (tertile 3) increased by 49% (RR: 1.49; 95% CI 1.11-1.99; P=0.007) for overall stroke, compared to those in the lowest tertile levels (tertile 1). For ischemic stroke, the risk of stroke increased by 53% (RR: 1.53; 95% CI 1.12-2.11; P=0.008) in the highest TyG tertile levels (tertile 3) compared to those in the lowest tertile levels (tertile 1).

Conclusion

This 10-year prospective cohort study has established the TyG index as an independent predictor of both total and ischemic stroke incidence in a low-income Chinese population. The findings indicate that the TyG index is particularly effective in predicting stroke risk among women and older adults (≥60 years), but not for hemorrhagic stroke. These insights are crucial for improving clinical practice and stroke prevention strategies.
Adaptive sliding mode control based on maximum power point tracking for boost converter of photovoltaic system under reference voltage optimizer
Authors: Torchani Borhen , Azar Ahmad Taher , Sellami Anis , Ahmed Saim , Hameed Ibrahim A. , Kasim Ibraheem Ibraheem , Al-Obaidi Moamin Ibrahim Jameel
Published: October 2024

This article presents an innovative APISMC method applied to PVS, integrating the MPPT technique for a boost converter. The primary objective of this approach is to maximize the converter’s output power while ensuring optimal operation in the face of varying environmental conditions such as solar irradiance and temperature, while dynamically adapting to variations in system parameters, as demonstrated by the obtained results. To achieve this, a RVO is employed to generate reference voltage and power. A PI controller calculates the reference current based on this power. The APISMC control modeling utilizes all its reference variables to synthesize the sliding surface and duty cycle for optimal boost converter control. Simulations conducted demonstrate superior performance in terms of stability, speed, and control of the converter compared to traditional MPPT algorithms. The main contributions of this article include an improvement in system robustness against irradiance variations, thanks to the integration of an adaptive algorithm and a PI controller within the SMC. Moreover, the proposed theoretical and practical framework enables rapid MPPT attainment by adjusting the duty cycle in real-time, optimizing maximum power extraction and ensuring stable regulation even under non-ideal conditions.
Two-stage transient stability assessment using ensemble learning and cost sensitivity
Authors: Lei Aoyu , Mei Yong , Ma Dexin , Liu Zining , Tao Wenwei , Huang Fangneng
Published: October 2024

This paper proposes a novel two-stage transient stability assessment (TSA) model that integrates ensemble learning with cost sensitivity to address the challenges posed by the integration of renewable energy and load fluctuations. The model employs CNNs as positive and negative classifiers to initially evaluate samples, with consistent results output directly. In cases of inconsistency, the sample is evaluated by a fair classifier, specifically an ELM, trained on critical samples. This approach significantly enhances the classification performance and credibility of the fair classifier, especially under imbalanced conditions, thereby improving the overall efficiency and accuracy of TSA. The proposed model demonstrates superior performance compared to single-stage models and other two-stage models, achieving high accuracy and robustness in transient stability assessment, particularly for critical samples.
Unveiling the multifaceted role of toll-like receptors in immunity of aquatic animals: pioneering strategies for disease management
Authors: Ghani Muhammad Usman , Chen Junfan , Khosravi Zahra , Wu Qishu , Liu Yujie , Zhou Jingjie , Zhong Liping , Cui Hongjuan
Published: October 2024

The pattern recognition receptor (PRR), which drives innate immunity, shields the host against invasive pathogens. Fish and other aquatic species with poorly developed adaptive immunity mostly rely on their innate immunity, regulated by PRRs such as inherited-encoded toll-like receptors (TLRs). The discovery of 21 unique TLR variations in various aquatic animals over the past several years has sparked interest in using TLRs to improve aquatic animal’s immune response and disease resistance. This comprehensive review provides an overview of the latest investigations on the various characteristics of TLRs in aquatic animals. It emphasizes their categorization, insights into 3D architecture, ligand recognition, signaling pathways, TLRs mediated immune responses under biotic and abiotic stressors, and expression variations during several developmental stages. It also highlights the differences among aquatic animals’ TLRs and their mammal counterparts, which signifies the unique roles that TLRs play in aquatic animal’s immune systems. This article summarizes current aquaculture research to enhance our understanding of fish immune systems for effective aquaculture -related disease management.
Met-Flow analyses of the metabolic heterogeneity associated with different stages of cord blood-derived hematopoietic cell differentiation
Authors: Zhang Sen , Kong Xiaodong , Yao Ming , Qi Jinfeng , Li Ying , Liang Haoyue , Zhou Yuan
Published: October 2024

Background

The differentiation of hematopoietic cells is significantly affected by cell metabolic activity. However, despite increasing interest in this field, there has been no comprehensive investigation of the metabolic functions of human hematopoietic cells during specific phases of differentiation. Thus, this study was conducted to develop a method for comparing hematopoietic cell lineage differentiation based on the metabolic functions of the cell. The metabolic activity of human umbilical cord-derived hematopoietic cells was examined during various phases of differentiation, specifically, hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), hematopoietic progenitor cells, and differentiated blood cells. This approach was used to develop comprehensive metabolic maps corresponding to the different stages.

Results

HSCs were found to have robust fatty acid (FA) synthesis, FA oxidation, pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) activity, and glucose uptake, shown by their significantly higher expression of ACAC, CPT1A, G6PD, and GLUT1 as compared to differentiated pluripotent progenitor cells, common myeloid progenitors, megakaryocyte erythroid progenitors, lympho-myeloid primed progenitors, and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cell populations. In monocytic differentiation, higher levels of ACAC, ASS1, ATP5A, CPT1A, G6PD, GLUT1, IDH2, PRDX2, and HK1 protein expression were evident in classical and intermediate monocytes relative to non-classical monocytes, consistent with high anabolic and catabolic levels. Compared with myelocytes and mature cells, the meta-myelocyte and pro-myelocyte populations of granulocytes show significantly elevated levels of ACAC, ASS1, ATP5A, CPT1A, G6PD, IDH2, PRDX2, and HK. In contrast to naïve and regulatory B cells, pro-B cells had higher levels of oxidative phosphorylation, while regulatory B cells showed greater PPP activity, glucose uptake, and tricarboxylic acid cycle activity. The analyses of T cells also indicated significantly higher ACAC, ASS1, ATP5A, CPT1A, G6PD, GLUT1, IDH2, PRDX2, and HK1 expression levels in CD4+ populations compared with CD8+ populations.

Conclusions

The results provide comprehensive analytical methods and reference values for future systematic studies into the metabolic functions of various cord blood-derived hematopoietic cell populations in different pathological or physiological conditions. These findings could also contribute to research on the connection between cellular metabolism and cancer or aging.
The divergent outcome of IL-4Rα signalling on Foxp3 T regulatory cells in listeriosis and tuberculosis
Authors: Chia Julius E. , Rousseau Robert P. , Ozturk Mumin , Poswayo Sibongiseni K. L. , Lucas Rodney , Brombacher Frank , Parihar Suraj P.
Published: October 2024

Introduction

Forkhead box P3 (Foxp3) T regulatory cells are critical for maintaining self-tolerance, immune homeostasis, and regulating the immune system.

Methods

We investigated interleukin-4 receptor alpha (IL-4Rα) signalling on T regulatory cells (Tregs) during Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) infection using a mouse model on a BALB/c background, specifically with IL-4Rα knockdown in Tregs (Foxp3creIL-4Rα−/lox).

Results

We showed an impairment of Treg responses, along with a decreased bacterial burden and diminished tissue pathology in the liver and spleen, which translated into better survival. Mechanistically, we observed an enhancement of the Th1 signature, characterised by increased expression of the T-bet transcription factor and a greater number of effector T cells producing IFN-γ, IL-2 following ex-vivo stimulation with heat-killed L. monocytogenes in Foxp3creIL-4Rα-/lox mice. Furthermore, CD8 T cells from Foxp3creIL-4Rα-/lox mice displayed increased cytotoxicity (Granzyme-B) with higher proliferation capacity (Ki-67), better survival (Bcl-2) with concomitant reduced apoptosis (activated caspase 3). In contrast to L. monocytogenes, Foxp3creIL-4Rα-/lox mice displayed similar bacterial burdens, lung pathology and survival during Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) infection, despite increased T cell numbers and IFN-γ, TNF and IL-17 production.

Conclusion

Our results demonstrated that the diminished IL-4Rα signalling on Foxp3+ T regulatory cells resulted in a loss of their functionality, leading to survival benefits in listeriosis but not in tuberculosis.
Exploring the gut microbiome’s role in colorectal cancer: diagnostic and prognostic implications
Authors: Chen Guoming , Ren Qing , Zhong Zilan , Li Qianfan , Huang Zhiqiang , Zhang Cheng , Yuan Hongchao , Feng Zixin , Chen Bonan , Wang Ning , Feng Yibin
Published: October 2024

The intricate interplay between the gut microbiome and colorectal cancer (CRC) presents novel avenues for early diagnosis and prognosis, crucial for improving patient outcomes. This comprehensive review synthesizes current findings on the gut microbiome’s contribution to CRC pathogenesis, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for non-invasive CRC screening strategies. We explore the mechanisms through which the microbiome influences CRC, including its roles in inflammation, metabolism, and immune response modulation. Furthermore, we assess the viability of microbial signatures as predictive tools for CRC prognosis, offering insights into personalized treatment approaches. Our analysis underscores the necessity for advanced metagenomic studies to elucidate the complex microbiome-CRC nexus, aiming to refine diagnostic accuracy and prognostic assessment in clinical settings. This review propels forward the understanding of the microbiome’s diagnostic and prognostic capabilities, paving the way for microbiome-based interventions in CRC management.
Meta-analysis of natural killer cell cytotoxicity in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome
Authors: Baraniuk James N. , Eaton-Fitch Natalie , Marshall-Gradisnik Sonya
Published: October 2024

Reduced natural killer (NK) cell cytotoxicity is the most consistent immune finding in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). Meta-analysis of the published literature determined the effect size of the decrement in ME/CFS. Databases were screened for papers comparing NK cell cytotoxicity in ME/CFS and healthy controls. A total of 28 papers and 55 effector:target cell ratio (E:T) data points were collected. Cytotoxicity in ME/CFS was significantly reduced to about half of healthy control levels, with an overall Hedges’ g of 0.96 (0.75–1.18). Heterogeneity was high but was explained by the range of E:T ratios, different methods, and potential outliers. The outcomes confirm reproducible NK cell dysfunction in ME/CFS and will guide studies using the NK cell model system for pathomechanistic investigations.

Systematic review registration

https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42024542140.