bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
An Exploratory Study on Contributing Factors to the Extinction of Indigenous Plants in South Africa
Authors: Shibambu Nyiko Faith
Published: September 2022

The aim of this study was to explore the contributing factors to the extinction of indigenous plants in South Africa. This was due to the evident depletion and loss of indigenous plants in most rural areas in South Africa. This study adopted qualitative research approach with exploratory design. Seminal studies on this subject were purposely collected using keywords extracted from the research topic. Again, Textual Content Analysis was used to analyse the collected data. The results of this study, confirms that indigenous plants are threatened by the human-induced and natural factors. The most notable human factors are the methods of procuring the plant materials, whereas the natural factors are mainly erratic rainfall and rising temperature patterns This study recommends urgent conservation measures such as proper harvesting methods and documentation of indigenous knowledge to mention the least, should be introduced and those that already exist should be properly used in order to prevent the loss of indigenous plants. Advance initiatives are needed to inform policy on adaptation and coping with the factors that contribute to the extinction of indigenous plants.
Rethinking Development in Africa: Agenda 2063 and John Wesley’s Socio-Political Theology
Authors: Boaheng Isaac
Published: September 2022

Africa remains underdeveloped despite many years of conceptualising, formulating and implementing different development policies and programs. Africa’s developmental challenges have attracted attention from various stakeholders and many factors have been identified as contributing to the problem. The African Union, at its Golden Jubilee celebration in Addis Ababa (Ethiopia) in 2013, adopted a new development plan aimed at making Africa a key player in global affairs by 2063. Africa’s new development Agenda has been engaged at various conferences and seminars. However, not much theological engagements with the document have been witnessed so far. The purpose of the paper is to explore how a contextual application of selected aspects of John Wesley’s socio-political theology might catalyze the achievement of two of the seven aspirations set out in Agenda 2063. The main thesis of this paper is that human political activities are deeply rooted in God’s political nature and hence must be exercised within God’s sovereign rule. The paper concludes that the development of Africa must not only focus on socio-economic progress but also on moral/spiritual development. The paper contributes to the ongoing scholarly discussions on Agenda 2063 and provides Christians, political leaders in Africa and other stakeholders with theological framework for achieving a holistic and sustainable development in Africa.
Effective Emergency Management: Scrutinizing the Malaysia Lead Responding Agency Planning and Information Management Approach During Disaster Exercise
Authors: Samsudin Khairilmizal , Ghazali Fatin Najihah , Abdul Ghani Nur Hannani , Hussin Mohamad Fahmi , Kamarudin Ainul Husna , Kasri Haikal
Published: September 2022

The impact of a disaster is closely related to the response and recovery of the lead responding agency in managing the disaster effectively. Malaysia has established the MNSC20 policies for managing disasters. Unfortunately, the implementation of MNSC20 can only be evaluated through lead responding agency disaster exercises. Each responding agency’s responsibility is to identify and record the information as required to ensure effective emergency management; however, problems in terms of inaccurate and/or incomplete information may be many challenges that need to be addressed. Hence, this paper aims to propose several areas for improvement for planning and information management elements in effective emergency management theory by identifying its challenges through the FRDM, which may benefit Malaysia’s overall emergency management process. Four disaster exercises at the state and federal levels were observed using a structured checklist. The result indicates challenges were found in terms of proactivity in gaining information, disseminating critical information during emergencies, developing a specific incident action plan, and media management. A good area of improvement is suggested based on the evaluation. It is hoped that this paper could contribute to developing better disaster management by the lead responding agency in Malaysia.
Data Safety Prediction Using Bird’s Eye View and Social Distancing Monitoring for Penang Roads
Authors: Ming Lim Lek , Majahar Ali Majid Khan , Ismail Mohd. Tahir , Mohamed Ahmad Sufril Azlan
Published: September 2022

In terms of fatalities, Malaysia ranks third among ASEAN countries. Every year, there is an increase in accidents and fatalities. The state of the road is one factor contributing to near misses. A near miss is an almost-caused accident, an unplanned situation that could result in injury or accidents. The Majlis Bandar Pulau Pinang (MBPP) has installed 1841 closed-circuit television (CCTV) cameras around Penang to monitor traffic and track near miss incidents. When installing CCTVs, the utilisation of video allows resources to be used and optimised in situations when maintaining video memories is difficult and costly. Highways, industrial regions, and city roads are the most typical places where accidents occur. Accidents occurred at 200 per year on average in Penang from 2015 to 2017. Near misses are what create accidents. One of the essential factors in vehicle detection is the “near miss.” In this study, You Only Look Once version 3 (YOLOv3) and Faster Region-based Convolutional Neural Network (Faster RCNN) are used to solve transportation issues. In vehicle detection, a faster RCNN was used. Bird’s Eye View and Social Distancing Monitoring are used to detect the only vehicle in image processing and observe how near misses occur. This experiment tests different video quality and lengths to compare test time and error detection percentage. In conclusion, YOLOv3 outperforms Faster RCNN. In high-resolution videos, Faster RCNN outperforms YOLOv3, while in low-resolution videos, YOLOv3 outperforms Faster RCNN.
Transformer Population Failure Rate State Distribution, Maintenance Cost and Preventive Frequency Study Based on Markov Model
Authors: Shariffuddin Nor Shafiqin , Azis Norhafiz , Jasni Jasronita , Ab Kadir Mohd Zainal Abidin , Yahaya Muhammad Sharil , Talib Mohd Aizam
Published: September 2022

This work investigates the state distributions of failure rate, performance curve, maintenance cost and preventive frequency of the transformer population through the Markov Model (MM). The condition parameters data of the oil samples known as Oil Quality Analysis (OQA), Dissolved Gas Analysis (DGA), Furanic Compounds Analysis (FCA) and age were analyzed from 370 distribution transformers. This work utilized the computed failure rate prediction model of the transformer population based on MM using the nonlinear minimization technique. First, the transition probabilities for each state were adjusted based on pre-determined maintenance repair rates of 10%, 20%, and 30%. Next, the failure rate state distributions and performance curves at various states were analyzed. Finally, the maintenance costs and preventive maintenance frequency were estimated utilizing the proposed maintenance policy models and the failure rate state probabilities. The result reveals that the transition from state 2 to state 1 with a 30% pre-determined maintenance repair rate can provide an average reduction of failure rate up to 11%. Based on the failure rate state probability, an average increment of maintenance cost from RM 18.32 million to RM 251.87 million will be incurred over 30 years. In total, 85% of the transformer population must undergo maintenance every nine months to avoid reaching very poor conditions.
Efficacy of Oropharyngeal Administration of Pasteurized Colostrum in Very Low Birthweight Newborns in Reducing Late Onset Sepsis at a Tertiary Government Hospital in Manila City: A Randomized Control Trial
Authors: Leonardo Sherwin William M. , Ilao Mary Anne L. , Juico Melissa M.
Published: September 2022

Background. Early administration of colostrum is beneficial because of the number of its immunologic components. The problem with very low birthweight (VLBW) patients is the establishment of early, tolerated, and sustained feeding. The study aimed to determine if early initiation of colostrum through oropharyngeal administration within the first hour of life reduces the risk of late-onset sepsis (LOS) among VLBW newborns.Methods. In this single-blinded randomized control trial, 84 VLBW infants with pediatric aging equal to greater than 28 weeks requiring oxygen support were enrolled. They were allocated to receive either pasteurized colostrum via oropharyngeal administration (treatment group) or none (control group). The occurrence of LOS, duration of ventilator use and oxygen support, time to reach full feeds, length of NICU stay, the occurrence of NEC, and mortality were documented.Results. A significantly greater proportion of patients who developed LOS were noted in the control group (n=38 (90.4%)) than in the treatment group (n=30 (71.4%)) (p=0.013). The use of colostrum, had a protective effect for LOS (RR=0.77; 95% CI=0.63-0.94). There were no significant differences in the secondary outcomes. Still, there was a trend towards a lower proportion of mortality (p=0.08), shorter duration of ventilator use (p=0.24) and oxygen  support (p=0.17), shorter time to reach full feeds (p=0.30), and shorter NICU stay (p=0.33) in the treatment group.Conclusion. Patients given pasteurized colostrum had significantly less occurrence of LOS. The treatment group had a lower mortality rate, shorter ventilator use and oxygen support duration, faster time to reach full feeds, and shorter NICU stay, but the differences were not statistically significant. Oropharyngeal administration of pasteurized colostrum within the first hour of life reduces the risk of LOS among VLBW infants admitted to the NICU.
The Curious Case of CAR (Cordillera Administrative Region): Healthcare Workers are Key to Improving Maternal Health Outcomes
Authors: Nisperos Gene A. , Cagayan Basil Stephen S. , Babag Hyacinth , Castro Mary Christine R. , Cagayan Maria Stephanie Fay S.
Published: September 2022

Introduction. Understaffed and underfunded Rural Health Units (RHUs) in Luzon struggle to provide Basic Emergency Obstetric and Newborn Care (BEmONC) services, resulting in high rates of maternal morbidity and mortality. The Cordillera Administrative Region (CAR) is different. Despite limited BEmONC-capable facilities, the region has maintained excellent maternal health outcomes.Objectives. This study describes the status of BEmONC-capable RHUs in CAR and how these relate to the maternal and child health outcomes in the region.Methods. This study uses the BEmONC Survey Toolkit to determine facility functionality based on the three categories of institutional capacity, service capacity, and personnel capacity. Focused Group Discussions were conducted to gather insights from community members, health personnel, and local stakeholders.Results. The study evaluated 31 facilities; only one was adequately functional. The service capacity of BEmONCRHUs in CAR (7.19) was significantly lower than that of Luzon (14.16). The overall functionality score of CAR (58.10) was also slightly lower compared to that of Luzon (60.42). Yet CAR still had some of the best outcomes in terms of maternal and child health. Maternal mortality from 2000 (23 deaths) to 2018 (13 deaths) was consistently low.Conclusion. The case of CAR reiterates the importance of having health personnel on the ground, maintaining the trust of the populace for health promotion to increase health awareness, and timely intervention in difficult situations. These directly impact health service delivery and improve health outcomes.
The Impact of Social Media Use of Start-ups on their Entrepreneurial Opportunities in Kerala
Authors: A. S. Sujith , Aithal P. S.
Published: September 2022

Purpose: Understanding the social media platforms that a startup can use to its advantage from the start is the primary necessity for the study. The study's success depends on having a solid understanding of the social media channels via which a starting business might make money right away. This study will help readers understand how social media can help new businesses and business owners who are up for the challenging realities of the corporate world. Thousands of new startups are formed every year with the aim of becoming the next big thing; some of these startups manage to achieve enormous success quickly. The majority of them won't make it a huge success, but a select handful are endowed with amazing ideas and even better leadership. In the success of a product, there is one term that is absolutely crucial: marketing. While some unsuccessful startups are a result of poor vision strategies that were developed early on, others fail as a result of other factors. This study used to analyse the impact of social media use of start-ups on their entrepreneurial opportunities in Kerala.
Methodology: The study was conducted in Kerala. A questionnaire was used to collect the main data. The size of the organisation served as a suitable criterion for choosing the various entrepreneurs for this investigation. For this analysis, only startups were taken into account. 61 different samples in all were chosen. The samples were conveniently collected. The questionnaire served as the main method for gathering data.
Finding: Social media is playing a bigger and bigger role in the fast-paced corporate world, and startups are not an exception. Social networking platforms open up a lot of chances for people, especially for business owners. In this study, it is found that most of the new entrepreneurs were used new social media to explore new opportunities for business development and the information about unexploited entrepreneurial opportunities through Social media gave a feeling of excitement to most of the entrepreneurs.
Originality: The study was conducted in Ernakulam District in Kerala. The business entrepreneurs were considered for the study. The study used to analyse the impact of social media use of start-ups on their entrepreneurial opportunities in Kerala.
Paper Type: Applied Research
El Anhelo del Oro Verde: El sistema Barbacuá en la industria de la yerba mate, Misiones 1970- 2014
Authors: Rodríguez Lisandro
Published: September 2022

La propuesta de este artículo es describir la industria yerbatera en la provincia de Misiones. Para el estudio se ponderan a las actividades de pequeños productores que utilizan para la elaboración de la yerba mate el secado tradicional denominado “sistema barbacuá”. La elección del tema radica en la trascendencia socio-histórica de este tipo de industrialización, asociada a pautas culturales y sentidos de pertenencia. El modelo de análisis se sustenta a partir del proyecto de recuperación de los secaderos barbacuás en la zona centro de la provincia de Misiones, promovidas por el Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA) e implementados por agricultores familiares. Dar cuenta de esta forma de producción e industrialización permite reconocer los procesos de diferenciación agraria en una región marginal, registrar las estrategias de reproducción social de los sujetos sociales rurales, como así también examinar los alcances económicos que conlleva  la materialización de esta práctica.
Induction of Estrus in Postpartum Anestrus Crossbred Cattle
Authors: Niaz Sumiya , Naiko Mehrajuddin , Islam Rafiqul , Lone Farooz Ahmad , Khan Azmat Alam
Published: September 2022

The present experiment was designed for estrus induction in post-partum anestrus cattle. A total of 120 cows were examined for  reproductive status, and 30 were incorporated in induction, including 24 anestrus and 6 normal cyclic cows. The cows were assigned  to 5 groups (6 animals per group). The group-1 cows were induced using Ovsynch protocol, while group-2 cows were inserted TRIU-B  (958 mg progesterone) intra-vaginal and were inseminated at a fixed time. The group-3 cows were supplemented with a standard  chelated mineral mixture of 40 g per-oral daily for 45 days and were inseminated on observed estrus. Group-4 included normal cyclic  untreated cows inseminated at estrus. The group-5 included untreated anestrus control cows. Estrus induction response was 100% in  groups 1 and 2, 66.66%, and 0.00% in groups 3 and 5, respectively. The conception rate in groups 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 33.33%, 50.00%,  75.00%, 83.33% and 0.00%, respectively. The mean serum progesterone in different groups increased non-significantly from days 0 to 21  post- insemination. All groups’ mean serum calcium increased significantly from day 0 to day 21. However, the mean serum phosphorus  showed no such significant differences between and within the groups. It was noticed that the overall Ca:P ratio was disturbed (Ca  being on the lower side) in the animals under study, which might be attributed to the animals’ anestrus condition. In conclusion, the  Ovsynch, TRIU-B, and standard mineral mixture proved useful for induction of estrus and ovulation and enhancement of pregnancy  rate in post-partum anestrus cows
Impacts of Stocking Density on Broiler Chicken Performance Stress Reaction and Mortality in Broiler Chicken
Authors: Chauhan Pankaj , Singh Kunwar Dhananjay , Pramanik Partha Sarathi , Kumar Subodh , Srivastav Ashish Kumar , Tripathi Krishna Kant , Nandan Durgesh
Published: September 2022

tThe present study investigated the effect of stocking density on growth performance, stress reaction, and mortality in broiler chickens. Two hundred and forty (240) day-old straight run commercial broiler chicks (Vencob) were divided into two batches having 120 chicks each and further subdivided into three equal groups (G1, G2, G3) representing different stocking densities (20, 25, and 30-meter square/bird) having 40 chicks in each group. It was evident that, after the 2nd week, body weight gain of G3 group was significantly (p<0.01) higher than G2 and G1. In 4th week, body weight gain of G2 and G3 groups was significantly (p<0.01) higher than G1. After completion of 35 days of the trial, the last week’s body weight gain of G2 (577.15 ± 28.78 g) was found significantly (p <0.01) higher than G1 (554.07 ± 28.78 g) and G3 (517.35 ± 28.78 g). During 1st week, the FCR of broiler chicken of G1 (1.96 ± 0.02) group was found to be significantly (p <0.01) higher than G2 (1.83 ± 0.02) and G3 (1.82 ± 0.02). During 3rd week, FCR of G1 (1.94 ± 0.02) group was significantly (p<0.01) higher, while at 4th week, the FCR of G3 (1.81 ± 0.03) was found significantly (p<0.01) higher than other groups. The least square means of H/L ratio were significantly higher in G1 and G3 groups as compared to the G2 group. During the experimental period, 2.5 % mortality was observed in G1 and G2 groups, whereas 5% in group G3.
Efficacy of Melatonin Administration Via Different Route on Reproductive Performance and Blood Mineral Profile in Chhotanagpuri Ewe
Authors: Choudhary Pankaj K. , Ishwar Ajay K. , Kumar Pramod , Kumar Rajesh
Published: September 2022

The present study aimed to evaluate the comparative efficacy of melatonin administration via different routes on reproductive  performance and blood mineral profile of Chhotanagpuri ewe. A total of forty-two non-pregnant, non-lactating healthy ewes, not  exposed to rams for 2 months, were allocated to seven equal groups each of six animals, viz., G1 (Normal day light control), G2 (Long day  control, 16-18 h light; sunlight + artificial light), G3 (Long day as G2 + 3 mg melatonin daily orally), G4 (long day as G2 + 1 mg melatonin  daily subcutaneous), G5 (Short day control, 8 hours sun light, rest darkness), G6 (short day as G5 + 3 mg melatonin daily orally), and G7  (short day as G5 + 1 mg melatonin daily subcutaneous). The melatonin treatment was given for one month to ewes of G3, G4, G6 and  G7 and then were exposed to ram for one month, i.e., from day 61st to 90th; whereas the ewes of normal, long day and short day control  (G1, G2, G5) were exposed to ram for one month from day 31st to 60th. Blood samples were collected from each animal, day before  the start of experiment (day 0) and thereafter, every 30 days for five occasions. The estrus induction response was cent per cent in oral  melatonin treated ewes (G3 and G6) compared to subcutaneous route (83.33%, G4 and 66.66%, G7) and controls (33.3 to 50.0%). After  melatonin treatment, the overall estrus induction response and subsequent lambing rate were improved. The serum calcium level was  significantly (p<0.05) lower in late pregnancy in G1 and G6; the serum phosphorus level was significantly (p<0.05) low in late pregnancy  in all groups, except G5; the serum copper level was significantly lower in G6 compared to day 0 value. Furthermore, magnesium and  zinc levels did not differ significantly within the treatment groups. In conclusion, the melatonin treatment can be used to improve  reproductive performance of Chhotanagpuri ewe.
Prevalence, Virulence Traits and Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Chicken
Authors: Doiphode Amruta , Waskar Vikas , Kolhe Rahul , Kadam Bapurao , Mhase Prashant
Published: September 2022

Staphylococcus aureus isolated from chicken samples of retail market of Shirwal city exhibited 36% (18/50) prevalence, confirmed  biochemically as well as by polymerase chain reaction by employing 16s-rDNA and species-specific sau genes. None of the isolates were  found to possess virulence genes, viz., sea, seb, sec and sed. Antimicrobial resistance pattern revealed that 100% isolates were resistant  to 16 among 24 antibiotics, while 5 antibiotics showed more than 70% resistance, except for tobramycin (44.44%) and gentamicin,  streptomycin (38.89% each). All isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). Screening for the presence of antimicrobial resistance genes  revealed the presence of aacA-D, ermA, tetK and tetM genes. None of the isolates carried mecA, mrsA, mrsB, vanA, vanB and ermC genes,  although phenotypic resistance was noted.
Effect of Different Ecbolic Agents on Postpartum Reproductive Performance in Surti Buffaloes
Authors: Bhoi Dhiren B. , Chaudhari Naresh F. , Raval Jitendra K. , Pandya Gaurav M.
Published: September 2022

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different ecbolic therapies on puerperium in twenty four Surti buffaloes divided  into four different groups consisting of six animals in each. Buffaloes in Group-I (T1) were not given any treatment and considered as control group. Group-II (T2) and Group- III (T3) buffaloes were injected methylergometrine (5 mg) and dinoprost tromethamine (25  mg) i/m, respectively, immediately after parturition. The animals in Group-IV (T4) received oral herbal ecbolic, 100 mL, daily for first  10 days postpartum. The time required for placental expulsion, persistence of lochial discharge, involution of uterus and service  period were significantly (P<0.05) longer in T1 (14.86±6.65 h, 12.17±1.94 days, 36.50±4.76 days and 103.33±12.10 days, respectively)  than T2 (10.33±2.71 h, 8.83±1.47 days, 33.33±3.61 days and 95.00±8.74 days), T3 (7.00±1.48 h, 8.00±1.41 days, 29.50±1.14 days and  86.50±4.88 days) and T4 (9.38±1.62 h, 10.17±1.47 days, 31.17±3.19 days and 97.80±7.21 days, respectively). The conception rates  achieved in T1, T2, T3 and T4 groups/treatment were 50.00, 83.33, 100.0 and 83.33 %, respectively, with an overall conception rate of  79.17 % for all four groups of Surti buffaloes. The results were significantly superior with injection methylergometrine (5 mg) Group  III given immediate postpartum, hence may be practiced to improve uterine health and postpartum fertility in buffaloes.
Diagnosis and Therapeutic Management of Canine Demodicosis in Saurashtra Region of Gujarat
Authors: Satasiya Chintan G. , Vagh Arshi A. , Bilwal Awinash K. , Bhatt Raghuvir H. , Parasana Dixit K.
Published: September 2022

Among 23 dogs positive with canine demodicosis, 18 were selected for study, and 6 healthy dogs were taken as control. The dogs were  divided into 4 groups, each consisting of 6 animals. Group I served as control. Group II, III and IV were treatment groups. Dogs of group  II were given a subcutaneous injection of ivermectin @ 0.2 mg/kg b.wt weekly up to 4 weeks in combination with topical application of  amitraz 12.5% solution as 0.05% mixed in water. Dogs of group III were given safrone tablets PO for 10 days in combination with  safrone oil topically for 15 days. Dogs of group IV were given a fluralaner tablet @ 25 mg/kg PO for a single dose. All the dogs were  bathed with shampoo containing benzoyl peroxide at weekly interval, except dogs of group III, and were given cefpodoximeproxetil  @ 10 mg/kg b.wt. and pheniramine maleate @ 1 mg/kg b.wt. PO bid for 5 days and vitabestderm syrup 5 mL PO bid. Serum interleukin  (IL)-10 showed a significant or appreciable increase in demodectic animals compared to healthy animals. Mite count was reduced up  to 100 % on 30th day post-treatment in dogs of group II and there was quite a reduction in mite count in dogs of group IV, while  lowest reduction in mite count was noticed 30th day post-treatment in dogs of group III. So, it was concluded that a combination of  injection of ivermectin subcutaneously and amitraz 12.5% solution diluted to 0.05% topically had the highest efficacy among 3  treatment protocols used for canine demodicosis.
An Unusual Case of Swimmer Puppy Syndrome in Labrador Puppy
Authors: Patel Rajkumar , Patel Nidhi , Gondaliya Ravi , Sadhu Dashrath , Raval Sunant K.
Published: September 2022

Swimmers puppy syndrome is an uncommon developmental deformity seen in neonatal puppies and kittens, in which animal's limbs,  most commonly hind limbs, are splayed laterally, and because of that animals are unable to walk or stand. This condition may also  affect the thoracic limb. It is also called flat pup syndrome, twisted legs, turtle pup, and splay leg. This condition is commonly seen in  brachycephalic breeds having short legs and a broad thoracic cavity. When trying to walk, affected animals invariably stay in sternal  recumbency and show swimmers-like movements and this movement is more commonly seen on the smooth surface. The exact cause  of this condition is unknown but many predisposing factors are responsible, viz., slippery floor, delayed neuromuscular development,  abnormal myelinization, genetic factor, weight gain exceeding skeletal muscle development, etc. This condition is commonly  seen at the 1st to 7th week of age. Currently, there is no specific and set protocol for the treatment of Swimmer Puppy Syndrome.  To our knowledge, the few case studies described therapies based on the implementation of temporary immobilizations utilizing  eight-girdle or cuff bandages and intensive physical therapy. (Karcher et al., 2018).
Differentiative Study of Anharmonic Properties of Oxides Having Face Centered Cubic Crystal Structure of Third and Fourth Order
Authors: K. S. Kushwaha
Published: September 2022

A theory has been evolved for obtaining anharmonic properties of oxides having face centered cubic crystal symmetry using long-range Coulomb and short-range Born-Mayer potentials starting from the nearest-neighbour distance and hardness parameter. The second order elastic constants are obtained for oxides of Cd, Co, Fe, Nb, Ni, Te, Ti and Zr at elevated temperature. The room temperature data are utilized for obtaining the first order pressure derivatives of second order elastic constants, the second order pressure derivatives of second order elastic constants and partial contractions of these oxides. The results are presented and discussed.
Tradition and semantics: the case of Aeolian architecture
Authors: Mollica Sonia
Published: September 2022

Vernacular architecture is identified as a structure based on specific local needs, on the presence of building materials present in the place and on the extemporaneousness of the architecture, built according to structural dogmas based on the local construction tradition. This is confirmed by the etymology of the word ‘vernacular’, from the Latin “vernaculus”, meaning "indigenous, domestic", or from “verna”, that is "native slave". In the present, vernacular architecture takes on new meanings, often used as an identifier for popular architecture - as also stated by Allen Noble in "Traditional Buildings: A global Survey of Structural Forms and Cultural Functions" of 2007 - or rather structures belonging to common people but «That can be built by skilled professionals, using local and traditional designs and materials», which is also supported by the Oxford English Dictionary. It is in this context that the vernacular Aeolian architecture fits, which significantly and identically characterize the entire territory of the Aeolian Islands, awarded the title of World Heritage Site by UNESCO. Aeolian architecture is inextricably linked to the history of the invasions of different peoples that have taken place in this area, such as the Greek-Roman, Islamic and finally Campania influences, due to their modifications both from an urbanistic and compositional point of view. But today how is it possible to encourage the dissemination and knowledge of these architectures which are so identifying for the Sicilian territory? Cataloging and semantics are configured as fundamental actions for the analysis and use of the architectural heritage, broken down into its deepest formal and compositional characteristics, identifiable in Aeolian architecture through the identification of semantics with a peculiar nomenclature. This article therefore investigates the aspects of semantics applied to traditional language and the compositional characteristics of Aeolian architecture, treated as an indissoluble link of knowledge and analysis of the building, through possible uses of digital applications.
The Role of Heritage Communities in Local Development Processes through the reuse of Architectural Heritage. Some Examples in Italian Rural Areas
Authors: Valiante Caterina , Oteri Annunziata Maria
Published: September 2022

Over the last three decades, various initiatives promoted by the European Union concerning the involvement and empowerment of communities in recognising and creating cultural values have flourished. They include, for instance, the Faro Convention, programs for ecomuseums and community mapping, and have contributed to giving voice to bottom-up initiatives for enhancing not only so-called monumental architecture but also "ordinary" architecture and built and vernacular cultural heritage. In general, this approach has also contributed to focusing attention on the importance of local communities in local development processes. In Italy, the so-called inner areas are often characterised by ordinary and vernacular heritage related to rural or manufacturing activities. In these small villages, some local communities, also thanks to the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas, recognised reuse of part of the vernacular local built heritage as a strength for the community itself and the broader context. Some cases have demonstrated that valorisation of architectural heritage is possible without creating  tourism-related facilities only (hotels, museums, etc.) but also creating services needed by "local" users that facilitate the everyday life of the place. In this perspective, attention should also be focused on heritage education and the intergenerational transmission of knowledge, which should involve the entire community at different levels, starting from experiences already in place in similar contexts. In this sense, a community can be intended as a broad concept, a constantly evolving process that includes the resident citizens and a broader network related to a specific territory. Through analyses of case studies, this contribution aims to propose reflections on the role of heritage community experiences in empowering vernacular architectural heritage and its wider context.
Vernacular architecture on archaeological remains. Conservation and enhancement of the “Villa San Limato” in Cellole
Authors: Cappelli Luigi
Published: September 2022

The paper aims to analyze a case of vernacular architecture in Cellole (Italy) built on the roman maritime villa of Sofonio Tigellino, prefect under the Emperor Nero.‘Villa San Limato’, built in the eighteenth century, includes a roman cryptoporticus and some thermal rooms of the original roman villa. The roman walls, the ancient mosaics and the marmoreal rests of San Limato were accidentally found in 1954, during agricultural works. Only in 1971 the roman villa was fully excavated by Werner Johannowsky.The roman villa of ‘San Limato’ is a rare example of suburban roman villa with private baths, included in a much larger archaeological area on the edge of the ancient Roman colony of Sinuessa (296 a.C. – V century). The ruins of Sinuessa are still visible on the seacoast of Mons Massicus and, underwater, off the coast of Mondragone.The ‘Masseria San Limato’ is an interesting case study for examine the coexistence between archaeological pre-existence and rural architecture. It’s possible to study how the rural farm have been developed often re-using the archeological rests, as foundations for the new buildings or employing archaeological materials inside the building.The ‘Masseria San Limato’, which is largerly in a state of disuse and abandonment, is not yet fully known and constitute an important example of local built heritage for the values of construction tradition, materials and techniques that they preserve.The study is characterized by an interdisciplinary approach. It will illustrate the characteristic values of an emblematic vernacular architecture and his state of conservation analyzed with respect to the structural instability and degradation in order to identify guidelines for the conservation, enhancement and the storytelling, at the same time, of the rural and archeological heritage.
Making our Rural Landscape visible. A way to defend Anonymous Cultural Heritage.
Authors: Villaverde Rey Montserrat , Martínez Duran Anna
Published: September 2022

As a result of the energy transition, the traditional rural landscapes are being threatened by renewable energy macro-projects, often promoted by foreign companies. In response to this threat, our project aims to bring to light the Cultural Heritage hidden in these landscapes, built over centuries by wise hands and minds, using the natural resources available back then, in order to highlight their value and later defend them from this menace. The specific case of the surroundings of El Perelló and l’Ametlla de Mar, in Baix Ebre (Tarragona, Spain), a site with Neolithic, Iberian and Roman settlements, with a calcareous geography, situated between the mountains and the Mediterranean Sea, is analyzed. A rural landscape, built in a human and family scale, protected by the mountain of “Tossal de Montagut”. An agrarian mosaic drawn by sinuous walks and dry-stone walls, with beautiful and geometric traces, in which houses, wells, hunter shelters, farmyards, etc.., appear. A series of domestic elements that constitute organic ensembles and define a settlement in balance with nature. A place that, if we give in to the threat of these projects, will become into an industrial estate, and whose Cultural Heritage will be destroyed. We propose a reflection on the identity and fragility of these anonymous places, on the need to maintain alive their memory and their Cultural Heritage: natural and built. We try to contribute, from the perspective of the architecture, to the debate on the current conflicts between rural landscapes and renewable energies. Our project proposes to analyze, register, catalogue, redraw, etc. the architectonic elements in the affected landscape (approx. 800 Ha), highlighting the historical value of the place through historic archival work and the recording of the tradition and daily life of local people.
Highlighting the Heritage of Meseta Ibérica
Authors: Pinto Jorge Silva , Paiva Anabela , Pereira Sandra , Almeida Diogo , Antunes Ana , Bento Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Meseta Ibérica is a region placed along the border between Spain and Portugal in the international Douro river area. This region has an exquisite rural landscape, of which the urban landscape is part. In this context, research work was done in order to contribute to the characterization of this urban landscape on a village scale. Six villages were selected to be studied: Atenor, Rio de Onor and Bemposta, in Portugal and Fariza, Riomanzanas and San Martín de Castañeda, in Spain. Altogether, 767 buildings have been studied according to different parameters such as the type of building, the type of utilization, the stage of conservation, type of building materials, type of structure solution, the colour of the façade, among many more. This paper intends to share some of the obtained results from the heritage perspective. These results may give guidance for future urban rehabilitation management.
A collaborative Web App to foster a knowledge network on vernacular her-itage, craftspeople, and sustainability
Authors: Dipasquale Letizia , Ammendola Jacopo , Ferrari Edoardo Paolo , Mecca Saverio , Montoni Lucia , Zambelli Matteo
Published: September 2022

Vernacular architecture provides extraordinary technological and typological solutions, which are the result of a complex system of knowledge that has evolved through trial and error, in a deep connection to the environmental, social, economic and cultural contexts. The goal of the study presented here is to propose a tool able to organise vernacular knowledge, both tangible and intangible, by systematising principles, strategies, design models and solutions in order to be more easily shared, transmitted and employed in the design of new sustainable architecture. The tool, which is developed as part of the project "VerSus+ / Heritage for People" (Creative Europe Program), is a collaborative Web Application able to map solutions and models from vernacular architecture, and to associate and classify them with sustainable strategies. In addition to physical objects (cultural landscapes, urban, typological and technological solutions), the App will also map the people involved in the knowledge management of vernacular architecture: craftspeople and professionals in the field of vernacular architecture enhancement and conservation. This tool can catalogue solutions and knowledge from different branches of vernacular architecture, and make it available to a large audience, such as professionals, researchers, artisans and citizens, who can also directly contribute to the growth of the vernacular database by adding new information and solutions to the App. The idea is to have a user friendly and easy to consult App, able to suggest new solutions to contemporary design problems, based on the observation of similar past problems, so that sustainable models developed in the past can be adapted to design and construct a more appropriate architecture for the future. TRANSLATE with x English ArabicHebrewPolishBulgarianHindiPortugueseCatalanHmong DawRomanianChinese SimplifiedHungarianRussianChinese TraditionalIndonesianSlovakCzechItalianSlovenianDanishJapaneseSpanishDutchKlingonSwedishEnglishKoreanThaiEstonianLatvianTurkishFinnishLithuanianUkrainianFrenchMalayUrduGermanMalteseVietnameseGreekNorwegianWelshHaitian CreolePersian // TRANSLATE with COPY THE URL BELOW Back EMBED THE SNIPPET BELOW IN YOUR SITE Enable collaborative features and customize widget: Bing Webmaster Portal Back //
Vernacular architecture in Brazilian semiarid region: survey and memory in the state of Sergipe
Authors: Felix Andrade Dayane , Araújo Lima Bessa Sofia , Penido de Rezende Marco Antônio
Published: September 2022

Buildings with earth in their composition have been common since the beginning of the Brazilian territory’s settlement. Until this day, wattle-and-daub homes are frequent in the Northeast region of the country. This technique uses a structural cage made of the weft of woods whose interlocking voids are covered with thrown wet clay. Due to the current association of these buildings as shelters for insects that may contain Trypanosoma cruzi (which transmits the Chagas disease) numerous public policies guide eradication and replacement of these buildings by others built with masonry. Due to the destruction of these buildings, built with vernacular earthen techniques, this research aims to survey buildings that still resist in the semiarid region of Sergipe state. Therefore, literature review was carried out on architecture in the semiarid region and building investigation techniques using digital tools. Considering Sars-Cov-2 pandemic as a prohibitive condition that caused difficulties in collecting data in the field, it was necessary to seek out methods that could be used for a remote survey. Furthermore, an exploratory analysis was carried out with digitally available tools in which it was possible to observe popular buildings built with earth in the legal semi-arid region. Initially, data was collected from the latest demographic censuses carried out by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), as well as the socioeconomic data of Brazilian families in poverty situations registered with the government. This initial data, however, did not present information on geographic positioning of the dwellings, making it necessary to conduct a survey through Google Street View software, allowing the visualization of images at ground level, being effective on searching for wattle-and-daub residences. From these data, a catalog of the constructions found was generated and, by georeferencing these dwellings, the documentation produced may contribute to the preservation of vernacular constructive memory of this study’s location object.
Restoration Project of vernacular architecture affected for ground subsidence. A case study in Juslibol Church (Zaragoza, Spain)
Authors: Gracia Alberto , Torrijo F. Javier , Pérez Miguel
Published: September 2022

ABSTRACT By request of the Archbishopric of Zaragoza there is realized from 2011 an exhaustive study of the situation of the Parish Church dedicated to the Asunción of Our Lady (XVIIIth century) of Juslibol (Zaragoza, Spain). This Church has suffered for many years problems of deformations and settlements caused by the combination of several particularly unfavorable factors, such as: the poor quality of the support ground, its situation on a slope on a half-slope, and leaks from a supply network, and especially sewage network, which have favored processes of dissolution-subsidence of the ground below foundations. A support system (jet-grouting), such as underpinning, was provided to ensure the stability of the structure but the problem does not fit only to the building of the Church. An aspect that had not been sufficiently addressed until now is the situation of cracks recognized in the Church in relation to those existing in the surrounding area. From the diagram of the recognized cracks in the pavement of the streets and squares, as well as in the buildings themselves, a lateral correlation of these can be made; obtaining a system, toward the top of the slope, in consecutive discharge arches, that give sense to the idea of a descending flow that fits well to the morphology of alluvial fan of the primitive ravine It can be said that the problem affecting the Church, as regards the movements it is recording at the moment, has its origin in a much broader area which includes at least a part of the slope that corresponds to the old alluvial fan of the ravine that is located right in the head. Currently, models and calculations have been made that have allowed us to assess a restoration-stabilization project that has recently been initiated.
An architectural catalogue for the study of traditional building features from their seismic behaviour in 2016 Central Italy earthquake
Authors: Sbrogio' Luca , Saretta Ylenia , Valluzzi Maria Rosa
Published: September 2022

The preservation of vernacular architecture is grounded on the study of those building techniques adopted in the past, when know-how and craftmanship (the rule-of-thumb for a well-arranged building) governed the spontaneous construction. The advent of new industrial materials and the progressive impoverishment of constructive skills caused the loss of traditional architectural features in favour of a standardized construction, often concealed from the outside. In the framework of the actual debate about the reconstruction of earthquake damaged historical centres, traditional building techniques and materials may play an effective role, as an alternative to a purely aesthetic appreciation and conservation of vernacular architecture. This contribution deals with the features of vernacular architecture in the area hit by the 2016 Central Italy earthquake, taking advantage of systematic observations of the built heritage in its context. The appearance of a building was subdivided in ‘volume, ‘surface’ and ‘components & materials’, and per each theme, those architectural features which played a role in the seismic performance of a building were collected. This led to the proposal of a catalogue which relates geometric and morphological features to structural ones, as a function of the local construction traditions and the architectural appearance of the townscape. Structural interventions applied over time were also recognized, categorizing them in ‘spontaneous’, ‘standardized’ and ‘designed’. As in vernacular buildings architectural choices reflect on the structural behaviour, this catalogue and other similar ones are essential for actions (interventions or reconstruction) which are respectful of the built heritage and its values.
Is there a future for marginal communities?
Authors: Bocci Martina
Published: September 2022

In relatively marginal and isolated settings, changes in socio-cultural contexts and population reduction have contributed to the decay, abandonment and gradual disappearance of traditional ways of living and vernacular heritage. Associations and foundations often play a key mediating and facilitating role in countering these phenomena, supporting the survival of local communities and tangible and intangible expressions of heritage.In the context of the seminar cycle “Rehabilitation of traditional heritage and local development”, ten international case studies of unconventional practices of community-rooted rehabilitation from North and West Africa, South-East Asia, Latin America, and Southern Europe were selected.The cases were analysed through a multi-criteria approach to interpret common features and links in three dimensions: 1) organization and structure of associations and foundations; 2) technical methodology of recovery interventions, emphasizing the mobilization and transmission of traditional knowledge and skills; 3) generative potential for self-sustaining initiatives and community empowerment. Qualitative and quantitative data have been gathered based on a literature review of publications and reports, international seminars, meetings, and semi-structured interviews.The results highlighted the strong relationship between the external actors' success in rooty themselves in the local context and the empowerment of communities as well as the settling of their practices over time. The greatest opportunities for economic and cultural development are those in which a holistic vision in the care of the community and its cultural landscape was adopted. The reinforcement of the role of local craftspeople and inhabitants also proved to be crucial.The study showed that caring for a living heritage and its community implies a sensitivity for the past but also an updating and a creative reinterpretation of heritage in response to present and future demands.