bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Strategi Pendidikan Dalam Tembang Lir-Ilir Sunan Kalijaga Sebagai Media Dakwah Kultural
Authors: Mulyono Mulyono
Published: September 2020

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengkaji strategi pendidikan dalam Tembang Lir-Ilir Sunan Kalijaga sebagai media dakwah kultural. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian kepustakaan (library research) dan teknik analisis isi (content analisys), maka hasil penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan berikut: Pertama, Sunan Kalijaga menciptakan Tembang Lir-Ilir diperkirakan pada akhir abad 15 M. Kedua, Tembang Lir-Ilir memiliki kandungan bahasa simbolik dan konotatif, terdiri dari 53 kata, 5 kata yang bereduplikasi (pengulangan),  9 makna simbol natural (realitas alam), 3 blank simbol, dan 31 makna konotasi (memiliki makna rasa). Ketiga, strategi pendidikan yang sekaligus sebagai media dakwah kultural dalam Tembang Lir-Ilir, yaitu: 1) Dengan pendekatan kultural, Sunan Kalijaga mengajak masyarakat untuk memeluk Islam sebagai agama baru yang datang ke tanah Jawa sekitar abad 13-15 M.; 2) Secara persuasif, Sunan Kalijaga menyadarkan masyarakat untuk memeluk Islam dengan melaksanakan rukun Islam yang lima seraya meninggalkan segala keyakinan dan perbuatan yang dilarang Islam; 3) Dengan metafora buah blimbing, Sunan Kalijaga menyakinkan masyarakat bahwa barangsiapa yang taat menjalankan perintah Islam, kelak mendapatkan ketentraman dan kebahagiaan hidup di dunia dan di akhirat. Keempat, para juru dakwah dalam berbagai event menggunakan Tembang Lir-Ilir sebagai media dakwah berbasis kultural yang tetap populer di era millineal.  

The purpose of this study is to examine the educational strategy in the Tembang Lir-Ilir of Sunan Kalijaga as a cultural propaganda media. By using library research methods and content analysis techniques, the results of this study can be concluded as follows: First, Sunan Kalijaga created the Lir-Ilir Song estimated at the end of the 15th century AD. Second, the Lir-Ilir Song had content symbolic and connotative language, consisting of 53 words, 5 duplicated words (repetition), 9 natural symbol meanings (natural reality), 3 blank symbols, and 31 connotation meanings (having sense meanings). Third, the education strategy as well as a cultural propaganda media in the Lir-Ilir Song, namely: 1) With a cultural approach, Sunan Kalijaga invites people to embrace Islam as a new religion that came to Java around the 13-15 century AD; 2) Persuasively, Sunan Kalijaga made people aware of Islam by carrying out the five pillars of Islam while abandoning all beliefs and deeds prohibited by Islam; 3) With the metaphor of Blimbing fruit, Sunan Kalijaga assures people that whoever obeys the commands of Islam, will find peace and happiness in living in this world and the hereafter. Fourth, missionary preachers in various events use Tembang Lir-Ilir as a cultural-based propaganda media that remains popular in the millennial era.
Kebijakan Pimpinan Dalam Pengembangan Kelembagaan Pesantren
Authors: Imad Muhammad
Published: September 2020

Kebijakan merupakan garis pedoman untuk bertindak atau mengaplikasikan suatu strategi untuk mendapatkan suatu tujuan tertentu dari sebuah lembaga atau organisasi. Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah merupakan suatu lembaga yang mencoba menerapkan sebuah kebijakan dalam upaya pengembangan lembaga pendidikan islam yang dipimpinnya. Hal ini tentunya merupakan suatu wujud kepekaan dan kepedulian terhadap berbagai perkembangan realitas sosial yang seringkali mendatangkan berbagai dampak dalam setiap sisi kehidupan termasuk dalam dunia pendidikan pondok pesantren.Salah satu segi kehidupan organisasional yang amat penting untuk selalu mendapat perhatian pimpinan puncak suatu organisasi adalah menyesuaikan kemampuan organisasi yang dipimpinnya dengan perubahan-perubahan kondisi lingkungan yang pasti selalu terjadi. Untuk dapat menampung akibat dari segala perubahan yang selalu terjadi itu, manajer puncak mutlak perlu mengambil suatu langkah strategis guna mengantisipasi dari dampak perubahan tersebut -positif atau negatif- terhadap keberlangsungan hidup organisasi yang bersangkutan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui perencanaan pengembangan kelembagaan yang dilaksanakan sebagai suatu kebijakan pimpinan Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah dan langkah-langkah pengembangan kelembagaan yang ditempuh di Pondok Pesantren Al-Basyariyah.

Policy is a guideline for acting or applying a strategy to get a specific goal from an institution or organization. Al-Basyariyah Islamic boarding school is an institution that tries to implement a policy in the development of the Islamic education institution it leads. This is certainly a form of sensitivity and concern for various developments in social reality which often have various impacts in every aspect of life, including in the world of Islamic boarding school education.One aspect of organizational life that is very important to always get the attention of the top leadership of an organization is to adjust the ability of the organization they lead to changes in environmental conditions that are sure to always occur. To be able to accommodate the consequences of all the changes that always occur, top managers absolutely need to take a strategic step in anticipating the impact of these changes - positive or negative - on the survival of theorganization concerned.The purpose of this study is to determine the institutional development planning implemented as a policy for the leadership of the Al-Basyariyah Islamic Boarding School and the institutional development steps taken at the Al-Basyariyah Islamic Boarding School.
Strategi KBIH Dalam Memberikan Pelayanan Prima Terhadap Calon Jemaah Haji Tahun 2016
Authors: Latifah Lilis , Zulkarnaen Fisher , Herman Arif
Published: September 2020

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui tentang: konsep strategi pelayanan yang di lakukakan di KBIH LHM, dan implementasi dan evaluasi strategi pelayanan yang dilakukan oleh KBIH LHM. Metode yang dilakukan adalah metode deskriptif  dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Penelitian dilakukan melalui observasi, wawancara langsung dengan pihak dalam KBIH yang memiliki kompetensi dalam bidang-bidang yang penulis teliti, studi dokumentasi berupa laporan catatan dan dokumen-dokumen lainnya yang relevan. Hasil data peneliti menunjukan bahwa pertama, konsep strategi yang dilakukan LHM yaitu memberikan pelayanan program bimbingan haji baik di tanah air maupun di tanah suci. Kedua, implementasi strategi pelayanan yang dilakukan LHM yaitu dari mulai persiapan sampai pemulangan haji. Ketiga, evaluasi strategi pelayanan yang dilakukan LHM sudah termasuk kepada excelent service karena dapat memuaskan semua pelanggannya.

This study aims to find out about: the concept of service strategies implemented in KBIH LHM, and implementation and evaluation of service strategies carried out by KBIH LHM. The method used is descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The research was conducted through observation, direct interviews with parties within the KBIH who have competence in the fields the author is researching, documentation studies in the form of notes reports and other relevant documents. The results of the research data show that first, the concept of strategy carried out by LHM is to provide Hajj guidance program services both in the homeland and in the holy land. Second, the implementation of the service strategy carried out by LHM, starting from the preparation to the return of the hajj. Third, the evaluation of service strategies carried out by LHM includes excellent service because it can satisfy all its customers.
Penggunaan Media Sosial Instagram Haloa Cafe sebagai Komunikasi Pemasaran Online
Authors: Rizky Nurul , Dewi Setiawati Sri
Published: September 2020

The rapid development of business today has resulted in increasingly fierce competition. Not only how a business provides products and services but how the products and services that have been produced can be accepted, known, by consumers. Marketing communications today can be done anywhere and anytime due to technological advances such as social media. In this study the researcher aimed to find out how the Haloa Cafe's marketing strategy through social media Instagram, in this study using the new media theory. The method used is a case study with a qualitative approach. The result of this research is that Haloa Cafe chooses social media Instagram as the main marketing tool in social media. This is attributed to the increasing number of Instagram social media users and in accordance with the marketing target of Haloa Café.
Effects of bacterial PHBV-conduit used for nerve regeneration on oxidative stress parameters in rats
Authors: EROL DEMİRBİLEK Melike , DEMİRBİLEK Murat , ERDAL Ebru , SAKAR Mustafa , BOZKURT Gökhan
Published: September 2020

Due to lack of self-repair mechanism in neuronal tissue, biomaterials have been widely studied to regenerate damaged nerve tissue. Despite having advantages, nano materials may cause oxidative stress and this could affect the treatment. In the present study, whether PHBV [poly (3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate)] used for axonal regeneration could lead to lipid peroxidation, protein oxidation in rats or not and also its effects on antioxidant molecules was explored. In the study, PHBV nanofiber membranes were formed by electrospinning and conduits were formed by using the nanofiber membrane. After the formation of a 1 cm gap in the rat peritoneal nerves, PHBV conduits were placed. Animals were sacrificed at 17th week after the operations. Malondialdehyde (MDA), advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP), glutathione (GSH) levels and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities of livers, as well as surrounding tissues of conduits (muscles) and serums were measured. Compared to control groups, MDA, AOPP and GSH levels and SOD activites in all graft group serums showed a significant increase, while only MDA and AOPP levels in tissues were statistically higher. Therefore, these findings suggest that PHBV nerve graft used for sciatic nerve defects may lead to oxidative stress in rats.
Security and Privacy of Mobile Payments
Authors: Slepova Oksana
Published: September 2020

The latest smartphones make life easier for their customers. Mobile banking in smartphones is no longer news, but users are just getting used to the opportunity to pay for a purchase by touching the gadget to the terminal using the contactless payment technology. Going into the digital world is fraught with the illusion of security: a smart gadget stands up for itself. But this is true only partly – security depends primarily on the behavior of the user. Therefore, no matter what financial applications are installed on your smartphone, you first need to master the safety technique of mobile payments. As a result of the study, it is necessary to conclude that payment applications should not think about their own solutions, but only need to properly configure the work of pre-installed solutions in smartphones, as well as: 1) regularly check your devices for malicious software; 2) do not enter card data on other people’s computers and smartphones; 3) use stores that use a secure HTTPS connection; 4) to pay for online purchases, it is better not to use your main card, but to have a virtual card.
Role of Information Technology in the Human Resource Development
Authors: Fatina Tatyana
Published: September 2020

The information environment and social society are closely interrelated: the information environment is formed naturally under the influence of the development of society and its components; however, the information environment is one of the most important conditions for further development of society. It turns out that only in a fairly developed information environment effective mechanisms of management can be implemented and modern high technologies in various spheres of society can be developed and implemented. To do this, the state must ensure the necessary quality of education and create favorable political, social and cultural conditions for a decent life of the country’s population. One of the most promising methods in solving national security problems is the use of an information approach. Thanks to this method it is possible to solve the following security problems:

– quantitative monitoring of adverse and dangerous processes that may pose a threat to national security;

– information forecasting and modeling of economic, political, social, environmental and scientific processes in society in the context of the analysis and evaluation of their subsequent impact on the state of national security;

– using mass media for the appropriate orientation of society in the field of problems of national security and forming a national consciousness determined to solve these problems.

The article deals with the role of information technologies in the development of human resources. The description of the main information revolutions, as well as the analysis of the need for the widespread introduction of a unified information educational environment. The relevance of the article lies in the introduction of a unified information educational environment and fundamentalization of education contributing to the development of human resources.
Calculation of the Energy Coefficients of Reflection and Transmission for the Layered Periodic Media
Authors: Yatsyshen Valeriy , Verevkina Kseniya , Popov Anton
Published: September 2020

Currently, much attention is paid to the study of photonic crystals – materials with an ordered structure characterized by a strictly periodic change in the refractive index at scales comparable to the wavelengths of radiation in visible and near infrared ranges. This is a dynamically developing direction of modern materials science. It is connected with the possibility of creating LEDs with high efficiency, new types of lasers with low threshold generation, light waveguides, optical switches, filters, as well as digital computing devices based on Photonics.

The aim of this work is to calculate the reflection and transmission of a polarized light wave from a layered system of nanostructures that form a periodic medium. The calculation is carried out by two methods: the method of characteristic matrices and the method based on the use of Chebyshev polynomials. The authors have created a basic component of the computer program for calculating the reflection coefficient and the transmittance of layered nanostructures. The paper calculates the spectra of reflection and transmission coefficients and presents the analysis of the results obtained. The basic element is chosen as a basic nanostructure: a layer of magnesium oxide MgO 100 nm thick, a diamond layer 160 nm thick, an arsenic layer AsBr3 tribromide 80 nm thick, a silicon layer 120 nm thick. The authors compare the two methods used: the results are almost the same, which makes it possible in practice for such structures to use a simpler method for the computational procedure based on Chebyshev polynomials.
Research of the Possibility of Applying Nanomarking on Steel Surfaces with a Scanning Probe Microscope
Authors: Kislova Tatyana
Published: September 2020

Recently, an increasing number of products are subject to protective labeling-application of digital and letter designations, barcodes that individualize the product. This has become especially relevant with the release of counterfeit products and mass theft of vehicles. The number usually individualizes a specific instance of the product. In the case of manufacturing cars, weapons, and precious items, this makes it possible to register and strictly account for these items. Marking numbers can be applied directly to the material they are made of, or to attached metal or polymer plates. Marking symbols are applied in various ways. They are applied to steel products by stamping, micro-milling or laser engraving. As expert practice shows, such markings on metal products are either completely removed by milling, cutting or sawing the metal layer with various tools and devices, or changed, or new markings are applied to the place of destroyed marks. The paper studies the possibility of creating protective markings of the nanometer level of spatial resolution on steel products of different hardness using a new innovative technology-scanning probe microscopy, which provides one hundred percent verification of items and objects.
ECONOMÍA SOCIAL Y SOLIDARIA EN LA REGIÓN SOACHA - SIBATÉ
Authors: Bonilla Castillo Victor Enrique , Díaz Mahecha Jaiber Ricardo
Published: September 2020

El trabajo de investigación va enfocado a la pertinencia de la aplicabilidad de la economía solidaria en la región Soacha-Sibaté, se destaca la parte epistemológica con aportes tanto teóricos como empíricos de autores de diferentes nacionalidades y a su vez se evalúan los resultados de las implementaciones del modelo de economía social y solidaria en algunos países, para lograr una economía incluyente, equitativa y participativa. 

Se desea dar a conocer los resultados epistémicos y teóricos que por el momento se han encontrado, posteriormente los empíricos, tanto a la población local, posteriormente a la población nacional y aportar al conocimiento regional e internacional sobre una sociedad en la que la prioridad sea entre el sujeto y la armonía con el medio ambiente, generando estrategias con enfoque a lograr la sinergia del ser humano y los recursos naturales, a través de manifestaciones que reconozcas la economía social solidaria como una de las bases del bienestar general de sus habitantes. Claro que también se deben analizar los factores que han hecho que en algunos países la aplicabilidad y los resultados de dicha economía, haya sido muy baja o nula, para evitar los fallos e intentar corregirlos y mejorar las oportunidades obteniendo maximización de sus resultados. 
PERSPECTIVA PENAL DE LA SEGURIDAD LABORAL EN LATINOAMÉRICA
Authors: Gallo Patricia
Published: September 2020

En este trabajo se pone de manifiesto la problemática de los accidentes de trabajo y sus características en el marco de América Latina. Muchos de estos resultados dañosos para los trabajadores en relación de dependencia, se producen por el incumplimiento de las medidas de seguridad e higiene en el trabajo, por parte de los empresarios. Se analizan los diferentes factores que coadyuvan a la infracción de la normativa de prevención: factores culturales, económicos, normativos y fundamentalmente una “visión compensatoria del riesgo laboral” en la que subyace la idea de la inevitabilidad del accidente. Esta perspectiva es la que explica que en el tratamiento jurídico de la siniestralidad laboral en América Latina se haya desarrollado más el aspecto indemnizatorio que el aspecto preventivo.

En este escenario, se intenta brindar una propuesta de solución, una estrategia que incluye tres pasos: una reestructuración de los sistemas administrativo/laborales de la región (hacia la prevención), un adecuado mecanismo de control de cumplimiento del acervo prevencionista (inspección laboral), una campaña de concientización sobre la problemática de los siniestros laborales, para lograr una correcta percepción y un adelanto de la barrera de protección del Derecho penal, mediante la creación de un delito de peligro de “riesgos laborales”.
S. pyogenes M49-16 arginine deiminase inhibits proliferative activity of human peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: Starickova E. A. , Leveshko T. A. , Churakina D. V. , Kudryavtsev I. V. , Burova L. A. , Freidlin I. S.
Published: September 2020

Arginine deiminase is one of three enzymes constituting the arginine deiminase system in bacteria. It was demonstrated that arginine deiminase exerts anti-proliferative effects on some primary and immortalized mouse and human cells. It is assumed that the inhibitory effect of arginine deiminase on cell proliferation might be related to its ability to result in the arginine exhaustion. T-lymphocytes depend on arginine for proliferation, T-cell receptor complex expression, and the differentiation of memory cells. The aim of the current study was to investigate an impact streptococcal arginine deiminase on functions of human peripheral blood lymphocytes. For this, we comparatively analyzed effects of Supernatant of Destroyed Streptococcal Cells (SDSCs) derived from parental strain S. pyogenes M49-16 and its isogenic mutant S. pyogenes M49-16delArcA bearing inactivated arginine deiminase gene (ArcA) on immune cell functions. An impact of supernatants on cell viability was estimated by staining with DAPI dye. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT-test and flow cytometry by using the method based on intracellular protein staining with vital fluorescent CFSE (carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester) dye. In addition, the level of lymphocyte tyrosine phosphatase CD45 expression in various culturing conditions was evaluated. It was demonstrated that S. pyogenes M49-16 SDSCs had no impact on cells viability. Parental strain-derived SDSC exerted virtually no effect on intact cells proliferation, but considerably suppressed ConA-induced cell proliferation. At the same time, mutant strain-derived SDSC significantly stimulated spontaneous cell proliferation, but not that one after mitogen exposure. It was observed that increased proliferation was accompanied by upregulated CD45 expression, although it was not significant in all cases. These data allow to conclude that bacterial arginine deiminase could be one of pathogenicity factors able to limit lymphocyte proliferation and immune response and could be a part of pathogen strategy to suppress immune response in order to improve bacterial growth and dissemination.
Evaluation of age-related distribution of measles cases with primary and secondary immune response in Russian Federation, 2010-2016
Authors: Mamaeva T. A. , Zheleznova N. V. , Bichurina M. A. , Naumova M. A. , Govoruhina M. V. , Toptygina A. P.
Published: September 2020

In 2010—2016, blood serum samples were examined from 5539 patients, aged 1—60 years, with clinically and laboratory confirmed measles. Primary or secondary type of immune response was determined for all measles cases. Studies were performed with children aged 1—14 years (2381), adolescents, 15—17 years old (189), and adults aged 18—60 years (2969). Serum measles-specific IgM antibodies were measured by “VektoKor’ IgM” ELISA test system (Russia), concentration and avidity of specific IgG — by using “Anti-Measles Viruses ELISA/IgG” and “Avidity: Anti-Measles Viruses ELISA/ IgG” (Euroimmun, Germany). Primary immune response was identified based on the presence of serum measles-specific low avidity IgM and IgG antibodies, whereas secondary immune response was characterized by detecting high avidity IgM and IgG antibodies at concentration of ≥ 5.0 IU/ml. Analyzing measles-specific IgM antibodies in 2010—2016 demonstrated that measles morbidity was mainly due to children, aged 1—2 years reaching up to 39.9% of the total number of children with measles aged 1—14 years as well as adults aged 18—40 years old comprising as high as 80.1% total number of patients aged 15—60 years. Serum measles-specific IgG testing showed that in 15.0% of cases they were detected at concentration of ≥ 5.0 IU/ml. Further serum dilution resulted in finding IgG titer ranging within 8.5—45.0 IU/ml (21.4+0.36) and high avidity antibodies in 80—100% (92.5+0.2) cases. The remaining 85.0% cases found low avidity measles-specific IgG antibodies ( 30%) at concentration of 0.2—3.46 IU/ml (1.73+0.03). An age-related analysis of our data demonstrated that all children under 14 with laboratory-confirmed measles developed primary immune response. Moreover, in 73.7% of measles patients aged 15—60 with primary immune response measles might be prevented by timely vaccination, whereas persons with “vaccine failure” comprised 26.3%. In 2010 (0.09 per 100,000 subjects) and 2016 (0.12 per 100,000 subjects), frequency of patients with “vaccine failure” during relative epidemic well-being was 35.3% and 18.2%, respectively, exceeding 9.9% (p 0.001) serving as a hallmark 2014 high measles incidence rate (3.24 per 100,000 subjects).The data obtained indicate that measles virus circulate among people with “vaccine failure,” which may account for potential to spread and infect unprotected population cohorts as well as cause measles outbreaks during periods of epidemic well-being.
Expression studies of tuberculosis susceptibility genes
Authors: Babushkina N. P. , Bragina E. Yu.
Published: September 2020

The activating research interest in the problem of tuberculosis development is due to the increase in cases of drug resistance, coinfection with HIV and hepatitis, and the lack of an effective vaccine. However, the pathogenesis of tuberculosis remains insufficiently studied at present. A significant role is assigned to hereditary factors, as the majority of those infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis remain resistant to tuberculosis, and only in 5—15% of cases does infection lead to the development of the disease. Despite a long history of research of genetic factors of susceptibility to tuberculosis infection — from the search for monogenic forms of immune dysfunction, associations of individual tuberculosis susceptibility genes, to the analysis of genome-wide associative studies and the assessment of the characteristics of the transcriptional profiles of patients, — the problem of obtaining clinically significant results for the identification and monitoring of risk groups remains particularly acute. The search of differentially expressed genes in groups with different status of the disease (non-infected, latent tuberculosis infection, presymptomatic state, active tuberculosis, recovery from tuberculosis, non-tuberculosis infection) led to identification of a large number of data which is not overlapped in different compared groups, different ethnic groups, in the studies of the whole blood and cellular models. Merging this wealth of data followed by its reanalysis helps to verify and update results. However, there still is a large number of questions concerning our understanding of the functioning of the human organism under the influence of M. tuberculosis. In recent years, new approaches have been used to develop test systems for the diagnosis of various forms of the disease. The review considers up to date results of expression studies of susceptibility to tuberculosis, namely, objects and approaches of research changing over time, forms of the host response to the mycobacteria infection studied, the influence of different factors on the results.
Infiornativity lacrimal fluid interleukins in diagnostics and development of angle-closure glaucoma in elderly subjects
Authors: Chukhraiev A. M. , Agarkov N. M. , Konyaev D. A. , Popova E. V. , Yablokov M. M. , Kulabukhov A. S.
Published: September 2020

An increased percentage of the elderly subjects in pattern of contemporary society, along with other causes and risk factors, is accompanied by rise in the incidence of glaucoma. By 2020, according to international studies it is expected that prevalence of glaucoma patients in the world would increase up to 80 million subjects. Among the elderly, glaucoma is a common pathology, which development is associated with local disturbances in interleukin profile. However, the features of the latter in patients with primary closed-angle glaucoma in the elderly were poorly examined. Studies of local interleukin status were conducted mainly in patients with suspected or initial manifestations of primary open-angle glaucoma. The features of lacrimal fluid interleukin shift in a target group of elderly patients suffering from stage II primary closed-angle glaucoma virtually gained no attention. In addition, a limited range of local interleukins in patients with such pathology in previous studies was examined. In addition, informativity of lacrimal fluid interleukins in elderly glaucoma patients was not assessed too based on objective methods. The aim of the current study was to outline features and informativity of local interleukin profile indicators in 58 elderly patients with primary closed-angle glaucoma stage II, aged 60—74 years (main group) and 27 age-matched elderly subjects lacking such pathology. The level of interleukins in the lacrimal fluid was determined with the enzyme immunoassay “Multiscan” analyzer (Finland) by using sandwich ELISA (RD Diagnostic Inc., USA). Informativity of measuring various interleukins was calculated according to the generally accepted formula. It was found that local interleukin profile in elderly patients with primary closed-angle glaucoma was mainly featured with increased amount of IL-2, IL-17, IL-8, but decreased IL-10. Hence, such local interleukins displayed peak informativity. The data obtained should be used in the diagnostics and treatment of such pathology, as well as of applied importance to unveil novel mechanisms behind development, diagnostics and corroboration for selective immuno-tropic therapy of primary closed-angle glaucoma.
Meta-analysis of the effectiveness of pentavalent live oral vaccine for the prevention of severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children
Authors: Kosova A. A. , Bashkirova E. S. , Mashin T. I. , Chalapa V. I.
Published: September 2020

Rotavirus infection is ubiquitously distributed and represents a global public health problem. Some studies showed that vaccination with pentavalent oral live vaccine was effective in prevention of severe forms of rotavirus gastroenteritis among children up to 3 years of age. Previous randomized placebo-controlled studies assessing this issue were repeatedly conducted. However, due to the features of the epidemiology of pediatric rotavirus infection in Russia, a metaanalysis was conducted in the risk group — children under the age of 3 years by administering a full vaccination course for a single vaccine registered in the Russian Federation. A search was performed by two independent reviewers covering 1994 to February 2019, without restrictions on language, in five databases on medical and biological publications: Russian Science Citation Index, PubMed, Web of Science, MEDLINE, Scopus, and in contents of thematic journals and bibliographic lists. The meta-analysis included multicenter randomized controlled trials comparing the efficacy of placebo and completed full vaccination course with pentavalent live oral rotavirus vaccine in children under 3 years of age. The primary endpoint of the study was the incidence of severe gastroenteritis among children according to the Vesikari evaluation system. Data processing and generation of forest-plots to evaluate summarized results were carried out by the RevMan 5.3 free software distributed on the Cochrane Community website. The implementation of the “trim and fill” method was performed by using Stata 14.2 software. The meta-analysis consisted of 7 original publications performed as multicenter randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind studies. In the experimental and control group there were enrolled 19,384 and 19,425 subjects, respectively. Three-dose vaccination protocol markedly reduced a risk of infection with severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in the experimental group compared to control group, the odds ratio was 0.34 [95%, CI 0.19—0.60]. Cluster analysis also confirmed the protective effect of the full vaccination course. Group assessment of the vaccination effectiveness against rotavirus infection in countries of Africa and Southeast Asia showed significant protection, the odds ratio was 0.60 [95%, CI 0.52—0.70]. While evaluating the effectiveness of vaccination against rotavirus infection in Finland, the odds ratio was set at the level of statistical significance and reached 0.07 [95%, CI 0.04—0.11]. Thus, a full vaccination course with pentavalent live oral vaccine against rotavirus infection lowers a risk of developing severe rotavirus gastroenteritis in young children.
Metabolic activity of peripheral blood neutrophils in patients with Opisthorchis felineus invasion and skin syndrome
Authors: Tsukanov V. V. , Gorchilova E. G. , Kolenchukova O. A. , Gvozdev I. I. , Savchenko A. A. , Vasyutin A. V. , Tonkikh J. L. , Rzhavicheva O. S. , Borisov A. G.
Published: September 2020

The aim was to examine functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophilic granulocytes in patients with Opisthorchis felineus invasion and skin syndrome. Materials and methods. A total of 92 patients with chronic opisthorchiasis were examined, of which 38 patients (20 males and 18 females, average age 35.7±3.9 years) and 54 patients (28 males and 26 females, average age 36.5±4.1 years) with/without skin syndrome, as well as 32 apparently healthy subjects (17 males and 15 females, average age 41.5 years). Detection of adult parasite eggs or bodies in the duodenal contents and/or feces was used as the major diagnostic method of opisthorchiasis used in all 92 opisthorchiasis patients. Liver fibrosis was assessed by elastometry method according to the METAVIR scale in all 92 opisthorchiasis patients. Functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophilic granulocytes was examined in all 92 opisthorchiasis patients and 32 healthy individuals from the control group by chemiluminescent analysis measuring intensity of reactive oxygen species production in spontaneous and zymosan-induced reactions in lucigenin and luminol-dependent processes. Results. Opisthorchiasis patients with vs. without skin syndrome suffered at higher rate from pain in the right hypochondrium, dyspepsia, astheno-vegetative syndrome, skin itching, blood eosinophilia, hyperbilirubinemia, cholestatic syndrome, cholecystitis, hepatomegaly, and had elevated serum immunoglobulin E level. Liver fibrosis F3—F4 according to METAVIR was determined in 18.4% and 11.1% of opisthorchiasis patients with vs. without skin syndrome (OR = 1.78; CI 0.57—5.57; p = 0.05). Both luminol- and lucigenin-dependent processes in opisthorchiasis patients with vs. without skin syndrome revealed significantly decreased functional activity of neutrophilic granulocytes which was evidenced by significantly decreased maximum intensity of reactive oxygen species production and the area under the chemiluminescence curve both in spontaneous and zymosan-induced reaction. Conclusion. The results suggest that the presence of skin syndrome in patients with opisthorchiasis is accompanied by more prominent clinical and laboratory manifestations, decreased functional activity of peripheral blood neutrophils, thereby allowing to consider it as a marker of intense pathology.
A search for new molecular targets for optimizing plague preventive vaccination and therapy
Authors: Krasil'nikova E. A. , Trunyakova A. S. , Vagaiskaya A. S. , Svetoch T. E. , Shaikhutdinova R. Z. , Dentovskaya S. V.
Published: September 2020

The causative agent of plague, Yersinia pestis, is a highly virulent bacterial pathogen and a potential bioweapon. Depending on the route of infection, two prevalent forms of the disease — bubonic and pneumonic, are known. The latter is featured by a high fatality rate. Mortality in untreated bubonic plague patients reaches up to 40—60%, whereas untreated pneumonic plague is always lethal. The development of the infectious process in susceptible host is accounted for by a whole set of pathogenicity factors in plague pathogen displaying various functional modalities being expressed depending on stage of infectious process, providing their coordinated expression. Knocking out any of such factors, in turn, may not either affect microbe virulence or lead to its attenuation. A search for new Yersinia pestis pathogenicity factors and subsequent development of highly effective subunit and live attenuated plague vaccines inducing development of pronounced cellular and humoral immune reactions, and/or assessment of their potential use as molecular targets for plague therapy still remain a pressing issue, as both currently licensed plague vaccines do not meet the WHO requirements, whereas strains of plague microbe isolated in Madagascar are resistant to all drugs recommended for plague antibacterial therapy. Here we summarize an impact of described and newly discovered pathogenicity factors into the virulence of Y. pestis strains and their protective anti-plague activity. An effect of loss of genes encoding regulatory proteins as well as mutations in the genes for various transport systems of Y. pestis on attenuation of virulent strains is described as well. Perspectives for introducing characterized antigens into prototype subunit vaccine as well as some other obtained mutants into prototypes of living attenuating vaccines were assessed. The use of antibiotics for plague treatment has been embraced by the World Health Organization Expert Committee on Plague as the “gold standard” treatment. However, concerns regarding development of antibioticresistant Y. pestis strains accounted for further exploring alternatives to plague therapy. Several research groups continue to seek for other alternative approaches, e. g. treatment with inhibitors of pathogenicity factors. Preliminary data attempting to treat plague patients with pathogenicity factor inhibitors are summarized. Antivirulence drugs targeting key microbial factors represent new promising therapeutic options in the fight against antibiotic-resistant bacteria.
The COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic review of the current evidence
Authors: Ghomi R. , Asgari N. , Hajiheydari A. , Esteki R. , Biyabanaki F. , Nasirinasab F.
Published: September 2020

Introduction. An epidemic of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) begun in December 2019 in China, causing primary concern. One of the important issues is its rapid spread around the world. Among the questions raised, disease epidemiology, clinical, laboratory symptoms and radiological findings and treatment of COVID-19 disease have been identified in some studies. But no systematic review on current evidences about COVID-19 has been published.Objective. The aim of this study was to determine the COVID-19 epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment.Data sources. We performed a systematic review of the literature, using the keywords: “coronavirus” and “2020”, “COVID-19” in databases: Science Direct, PubMed, Springer and Scopus during January 1, 2020 to February 23, 2020.Study Selection. All observational studies, as well as case reports and editorial that published in English were include. Data Extraction. Data on the disease control methods of COVID-19 were extracted by multiple observers.Results. 131 articles were retrieved. After screening by abstract and title, 58 articles were selected for full-text assessment. Of them, 43 were finally included for review. The COVID-19 has spread rapidly and can be transmitted via close human-to-human contact via nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal droplets. The COVID-19, causing considerable problems, especially in patients with comorbidities and old patients. Fever, cough, sore throat and diarrhea are the main clinical features of this emerging disease. The most common radiological finding is bilateral ground-glass view and Lopinavir and Ritonavir are among the antiviral drugs used.Conclusion. COVID-19 is a new clinical infectious disease and can be a serious problem for health systems. Additional research is needed to elucidate factors that may mediate the pathogenesis of the severe and fatal associated disease.
The use of statistical phylogenetics in virology
Authors: Vakulenko Yu. A. , Lukashev A. N. , Deviatkin A. A.
Published: September 2020

Molecular phylogenetics, particularly statistical phylogenetics, is widely used to solve the fundamental and applied problems in virology. Bayesian, or statistical, phylogenetic methods, which came into practice 10—15 years ago, markedly expanded the range of questions that can be answered based on analyzing nucleotide and amino acid sequences. An opportunity of using various evolution models allows inferring the chronology, geography and dynamics of the infection spreading. For example, analysis of globally distributed HIV group M by Bayesian methods demonstrated with a probability of 99% that the most recent common ancestor of these viruses existed in the surroundings of the city of Kinshasa (Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the early 1920s. Another study showed that H9N2 influenza virus most likely passed on to humans from wild ducks in Hong Kong in the late 1960s. In addition, using of the Bayesian analysis allows to evaluating the effect of measures taken on the development of the epidemic process. For example, it was shown retrospectively that the rate of hepatitis C virus infection cases in Egypt increased by several orders of magnitude in the mid-20th century. A sharp rise in new case rate is associated with the treatment for schistosomiasis by using non-sterile repeatedly used syringes. A set of Bayesian analysis methods has been applied in tens of thousands of researches describing various aspects of the occurrence and spread of infectious diseases in humans and animals. This was facilitated by the development and accessibility of software that implements these methods. The complexity of Bayesian phylogenetic methods imposes strict requirements on the data being analyzed. The correctness of the phylogenetic analysis data depends on various factors. For example, it is necessary to choose an evolutionary model that most adequately describes the studied objects. A mandatory step in formulating the results is the justification of the selected model. For viruses, the acquisition of genetic elements from other organisms is typical, therefore, the genomes even from closely related viruses may have non-homologous regions unsuitable for phylogenetic analysis. Another aspect is the creation of a representative dataset. Sometimes, all stages of the analysis are not indicated in publications, so that the data obtained can be interpreted ambiguously. The correct use of statistical phylogenetics methods in virology is possible only upon understanding their principles, proper methods of data preparation and evolutionary model selection criteria.
VNTR loci as indicators of proline-dependent plague microbe strains (Yersinia pestis) in the central caucasian mountain natural plague focus
Authors: Dubyanskiy V. M. , Volynkina A. S. , Anisimov A. P.
Published: September 2020

Y. pestis MLVA typing is used both to seek for similarities and differences between individual isolates upon conducting epidemiological investigations as well as for clonal clustering of intraspecies phylogenetic groups while analyzing microevolution and taxonomy issues. It cannot be ruled out that the most variable loci may be indicators allowing to approximate the unique strain-related properties circulating in certain natural plague foci. The Central Caucasian Highland Natural Plague Focus distinguished by heterogeneity of the circulating strains therein, including proline pro- and auxo-trophy, may represent a convenient model for testing this hypothesis. The purpose of our work was to assess the frequencies of the VNTR alleles associated with proline dependence among the Y. pestis strain VNTR loci, determined during previous MLVA-25 typing in the Central Caucasian Highland Natural Plague Focus. The main task was to identify the most informative sets of VNTR loci suitable for predicting proline pro— and auxotrophy (pro+, pro—). It was found that the loci ms45, ms56, ms46, ms07, ms69, ms62 displayed peak variability by allele frequencies and/or exhibited significant differences of mean allele frequencies in the pro— and pro+ strains. In particular, it was showed that the alleles of the ms45 locus contained 6 tandem repeats suggesting probability for pro+ reaching 0.944, whereas the alleles of the ms45 locus contained 7 tandem repeats with expected probability for pro— reaching 0.783. Moreover, the ms56 and ms46 contained 9 and more than 18 tandem repeats, respectively, thereby pointing at probability for pro+ equal to 0.933 and 0.818, respectively. Diagnostics for pro+/pro— phenotype by using specific statistical methods demonstrated statistical error 13.33% and 26.67% for the pro— and pro+ strains, respectively. All pro+ strains bearing a 6 tandem repeat complex from the ms45 locus, 9 tandem repeats derived from the ms56 locus and ms46 locus-derived 29—30 tandem repeats were accurately diagnosed solely based on these 3 loci. Thus, it is possible to predict some properties of Y. pestis strains based on determining the allele frequencies. While the number of MLVA typed plaque strains isolated in such natural focus has been progressively increased, it may be expected that opportunities for prognosing their properties based on determining locus tandem repeat composition having diagnostic value would be elevated.
Kamusal, Özel ve Yabancı Sermayeli Bankalarda Büyüme Oranlarının Karşılaştırmalı Analizi
Authors: İSKENDEROĞLU Ömer , AYYILDIZ Nazif , SULEIMENOVA Madina
Published: September 2020

Finansal planlama, işletmelerde geleceğe ilişkin politikaların oluşturulması ve işletmenin finansal hedeflerinin belirlenmesidir. Uzun vadeli finansal planlama ise daha çok büyüme ve sürdürülebilirlik ile ilgilidir. İstenilen/beklenilen büyüme oranına ulaşılmasında içsel ve sürdürülebilir büyüme oranları önem taşımaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, mevduat bankalarının mülkiyet yapılarına göre ayırarak büyüme oranları bakımından büyüme performanslarının incelenmesi ve farklı mülkiyet yapılarına sahip bankalar arasında büyüme açısından anlamlı bir fark bulunup bulunmadığının tespit edilmesidir. Çalışma kapsamında, Türkiye’deki kamusal, özel ve yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankalarının 2003-2017 yılları çeyrek dönemlik verileri kullanılarak içsel büyüme, sürdürülebilir büyüme, aktif büyüme, özkaynak büyüme ve mevduatlardaki büyüme oranları Man-Whitney U testi ile karşılaştırılmıştır. Analizden elde edilen sonuçlara göre; büyüme oranları açısından bankalar arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Genel olarak literatürde karlılık, büyüme ve süreklilik gibi temel ekonomik amaçlara odaklanan özel ve yabancı sermayeli mevduat bankalarının büyüme performanslarının kamu bankalarından daha üstün olması beklenilmektedir. Bu bağlamda ekonomik gelişmeye öncülük etmek, güçlü bir bankacılık sisteminin oluşmasını sağlamak ve piyasa mekanizmasındaki aksaklıkları gidermek gibi temel amaçlar taşıyan kamu bankalarının büyüme performansı açısından özel ve yabancı sermayeli bankaların gerisinde kalmaması olumlu bir durum olarak yorumlanmıştır. Ayrıca, rekabetçi bir ortamda iyi işleyen bir bankacılık ve finans sisteminin varlığı ekonomik kalkınma ve finansal istikrar için bir önkoşul oluşturmaktadır. Finansal sistemin temel yapı taşlarından olan bankalarının büyüme performanslarının güçlü olmasının, ulusal ekonomi ve finansal sistemi olumlu yönde etkileyeceği düşünülmektedir.
A SOPHÍA EM METAPH. A2: DA CIÊNCIA DAS CAUSAS PRIMEIRAS OU PRINCÍPIOS À CIÊNCIA DIVINA
Authors: Cecílio Guilherme da Costa Assunção
Published: September 2020

RESUMO Tendo por base a ligeiramente controversa idéia de que a caracterização de sophía como a “ciência das causas primeiras ou princípios” seja a formulação cardeal de ciência suprema na “Metafísica” de Aristóteles, neste artigo examinamos Metaph. A2, o capítulo que contém tal caracterização. Em primeiro lugar, seguimos a análise aristotélica dos pontos de vista ordinários acerca da sophía e do sophós, análise que culmina na referida descrição de sophía. Em seguida, examinamos como a concepção de sophía como ciência de causas absolutamente primeiras leva o filósofo a considerá-la como uma ciência que pode ser descrita apropriadamente como divina, sendo também o tipo mais elevado de conhecimento ao qual a filosofia pode aspirar.