bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Impacted canine and ossifying fibroma: case report and literature review
Authors: Le Donne Mélanie , Abattu Océane , Pernier Claire , Durieux Emeline , Bodard Anne-Gaëlle
Published: October 2019

Introduction: An impacted tooth is a permanent tooth that has a completely developed root but which has failed to erupt. Many etiologies can lead to impaction, including a mechanical obstacle, such as benign tumor. Observation: An 11-year-old girl was referred for the avulsion of the left mandibular permanent canine, which was impacted. A radiolucent lesion with ground glass opacity was found on the eruption pathway of the tooth. Anterior radiographs showed the lesion that seemed to be the cause of the impacted canine. Anatomopathological examination revealed the lesion to be a juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma. Comments: Ossifying fibromas are rare jaw tumors. They can be of various types: ossifying fibroma, psammomatoid, or trabecular juvenile ossifying fibroma. This is the first case that clearly shows the association between ossifying fibroma and tooth impaction. A literature review of ossifying fibromas and the management of fibro-osseous benign lesions of the jaws was performed. Conclusion: Although benign, juvenile trabecular ossifying fibroma can be locally aggressive and has a high rate of recurrence. It is very important to establish a precise diagnosis of a fibro-osseous benign lesion of the jaws to plan optimal management.
Verletzungen im Eishockey – Eine retrospektive Fragebogenerhebung bei Zweitliga-Amateur-Eishockeyspielern des Kantons Bern (Schweiz)
Authors: Taeymans Jan , Blaser Vera , Kneubuehl Melanie , Rogan Slavko
Published: October 2019

Hintergrund Zweikämpfe an der Bande oder Kontakt mit dem Puck, Eishockeyschläger oder Schlittschuhen können Verletzungen bei Eishockeyspielern verursachen. Für eine adäquate Prävention von Verletzungen und Planung des Verletzungsmanagements ist eine gute epidemiologische Datenlage notwendig. In der Schweiz fehlen bis dato solche epidemiologischen Daten im Amateur-Eishockey. Diese Arbeit hatte das Ziel, die Verletzungshäufigkeit, Verletzungslokalisationen, Verletzungsart, Schweregrad, Verletzungsmechanismen, Präventionsmaßnahmen sowie Zugang zu Erstversorgung nach einer Verletzung in Zweitliga-Amateur-Eishockeymannschaften des Kantons Bern aufzuzeigen.

Probanden/Methodik Diese deskriptive Studie wurde mittels einer retrospektiven, selbstrapportierten Fragebogenerhebung am Ende der Saison 2017/18 durchgeführt. Erhoben wurden anthropometrische Merkmale, Angaben zum Trainings- und Wettkampfvolumen, zur Verletzungshäufigkeit, Verletzungslokalisationen, Verletzungsart, Schweregrad, Verletzungsmechanismen und Präventionsmaßnahmen sowie zur klinischen Versorgung im Fall einer Verletzung.

Ergebnisse 86 von 96 Fragebögen konnten ausgewertet werden. Während der letzten 12 Monate verletzten sich 44 Spieler 1-mal und 5 Spieler 2-mal. Die Verletzungshäufigkeit betrug im Training 0,7 Verletzungen pro 1000 Stunden und im Wettkampf 4,7 pro 1000 Stunden. Die meist genannten Verletzungslokalisationen waren Knie (17,9 %), Fuß (14,3 %), Kopf (12,5 %) und Schulter (10,7 %). Verletzungen wurden vorwiegend durch externe Faktoren produziert. Distorsionen, Frakturen und Kontusionen waren die häufigsten Verletzungsarten. 19 Verletzungen hatten eine Auszeit von mehr als 4 Wochen zur Folge („schwer“).

Schlussfolgerung Die Verletzungshäufigkeit war im Wettkampf 6,35-mal höher im Vergleich zum Training. Die Hälfte aller Verletzungen wurde in der unteren Extremität lokalisiert, davon 18 % am Knie. 19 Verletzungen wurden als „schwer“ eingestuft. Verletzungen wurden vorwiegend durch externe Faktoren produziert. Mögliche Präventionsmaßnahmen sind Fördern von Fairplay, das Anpassen von Spielregeln, Förderung zum Tragen von Schutzausrüstung, das Üben des peripheren Sehens und Krafttraining für die Rumpf- und Beinmuskulatur. Um die Vergleichbarkeit solcher Studien zu erhöhen, ist das Handhaben von standardisierten Definitionen bzgl. „Verletzung“ und „Verletzungsschweregrad“ notwendig.
Effekte sportlicher Belastung auf die Skelettmuskulatur und das zentrale Nervensystem im Alter
Authors: Schumann Moritz , Bloch Wilhelm , Oberste Max
Published: October 2019

Was ist neu?

Altersassoziierte Veränderungen der Skelettmuskulatur Biologisches Altern geht mit einer stetigen Atrophie von bis zu 40 % der Muskelmasse einher. Induziert wird dies maßgeblich durch das Absterben von Motoneuronen und einer damit einhergehenden verringerten Anzahl an Muskelfasern.

Altersassoziierte Veränderungen des ZNS Neben Veränderungen der Skelettmuskulatur geht der Altersgang auch mit Einschränkungen der Struktur und Funktion des zentralen Nervensystems einher. Dabei geht man insbesondere von einem durch Botenstoffe gesteuerten „Crosstalk“ zwischen der Skelettmuskulatur und dem Gehirn aus, welcher maßgeblich für den Erhalt beider „Organe“ unabdingbar ist.

Empfehlung für sportliche Belastungen zur funktionalen Erhaltung der Skelettmuskulatur und des ZNS Der altersassoziierten Degeneration des Bewegungsapparats und des ZNS kann effektiv durch regelmäßiges Kraft- und Ausdauertraining entgegengewirkt werden. Grundsätzlich müssen Empfehlungen zur sportlichen Aktivität der individuellen Situation des Patienten angepasst werden.
Physicians’ view on sigmoidoscopy as an additionally offered method for colorectal cancer screening
Authors: Cespedes Iraima , Seidler Ursula , Walter Ulla , Dreier Maren
Published: October 2019

Background In Germany, colorectal cancer (CRC) screening includes a fecal blood test or colonoscopy, but not a sigmoidoscopy, which has been shown to reduce CRC incidences and mortality. Our aim was to compile physicians’ experiences with sigmoidoscopy and their assessments of this procedure being an additional, possible screening method for early CRC detection.

Methods At the end of 2015, gastroenterologists and internists in Lower Saxony and North Rhine-Westphalia who regularly perform screening colonoscopies in outpatient care were contacted per mail. Standardized telephone interviews consisting of 17 questions and lasting 10–15 minutes were conducted.

Results Nearly two-thirds (56/87) of the respondents reject sigmoidoscopy as an acceptable early detection method. Compared to colonoscopy, key features of the sigmoidoscopy include more favorable patient-related aspects, while procedural aspects, except sedation, clearly rate in favor of the colonoscopy. In the instance that colonoscopy is rejected, 75 % of the physicians consider a sigmoidoscopy to be a possible alternative.

Conclusions The survey provides important practical insights into outpatient sigmoidoscopy. A majority of the physicians does not support evidence-based sigmoidoscopy for CRC screening. However, individuals who reject a colonoscopy are, in line with the current guideline, identified as a target group for a screening sigmoidoscopy. The benefit from an additionally offered sigmoidoscopy in CRC screening should be further analyzed with special consideration given to the preferences of insurees within the German healthcare system.
EFSUMB Clinical Safety Statement for Diagnostic Ultrasound – (2019 revision)
Authors: Kollmann Christian , Jenderka Klaus-Vitold , Moran Carmel M. , Draghi Ferdinando , Jimenez Diaz J. F. , Sande Ragnar
Published: October 2019

This document is the updated 2019 revision of the EFSUMB Clinically Safety Statement. A Safety Statement has been published by EFSUMB annually since 1994 by the Safety Committee (ECMUS) of the federation. The text is deliberately brief and gives a concise overview of safety in the use of diagnostic ultrasound.
A scripting LabVIEW based program for experiment automation in synchrotron radiation applications
Authors: Yu X. J. , Chi X. , Wee A. T. S. , Rusydi A. , Breese M. B. H.
Published: October 2019

We have established a soft X-ray beamline and an end-station for the material research community, multiple experiment techniques have been implemented to satisfy the applications in synchrotron radiation, and the challenge is to get control of many commercial instruments from different vendors shipping with various control software in a single experiment platform. A LabVIEW based program has been developed for such purpose to allow automation of multiple experiments including angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, near edge X-ray absorption spectroscopy with detection of total electron yield and Auger electron yield, constant final state spectroscopy, constant initial state spectroscopy, and X-ray magnetic circular dichroism. The option of scan-on-the-fly mode for photon energy and magnetic field scans can reduce measurement time effectively. This program has become a necessary tool in routine measurements with numerous applications, of which we present several examples.
Characterizing filamentary magnetic structures in counter-streaming plasmas by Fourier analysis of proton images
Authors: Levesque Joseph , Kuranz Carolyn , Handy Timothy , Manuel Mario , Fiuza Frederico
Published: October 2019

Proton imaging is a powerful tool for probing electromagnetic fields in a plasma, providing a path-integrated map of the field topology. However, in cases where the field structure is highly inhomogeneous, inferring spatial properties of the underlying field from proton images can be difficult. This problem is exemplified by recent experiments, which used proton imaging to probe the filamentary magnetic field structures produced by the Weibel instability in collisionless counterstreaming plasmas. In this paper, we perform analytical and numerical analyses of proton images of systems containing many magnetic filaments. We find that, in general, the features observed on proton images do not directly correspond to the spacing between magnetic filaments (the magnetic wavelength) as has previously been assumed and that they instead correspond to the filament size. We demonstrate this result by Fourier analysis of synthetic proton images for many randomized configurations of magnetic filaments. Our results help guide the interpretation of experimental proton images of filamentary magnetic structures in plasmas.
Enhanced efficiency in 808 nm GaAs laser power converters via gradient doping
Authors: Zhao Yingjie , Liang Peng , Ren Huixue , Han Peide
Published: October 2019

Two batches of GaAs laser power converters (LPCs) with or without a localized gradient doping layer were fabricated via metalorganic chemical vapor deposition for converting the power of 808 nm lasers. The gradient doping layer was introduced into the base layer above the back surface field layer with a doping concentration that varied exponentially from 1×1018/cm3 to 5×1018/cm3. The two batches of LPCs were tested under various 808 nm laser light intensities ranging from 100 to 2500 mW. The LPC structures with and without the gradient doping layer both displayed their highest conversion efficiency of 55.1% and 53.4%, respectively, at a laser power of 1200 mW. The addition of the gradient doping layer improved the separation efficiency of the photogenerated carriers and reduced the recombination rate in the base region of the GaAs LPCs, which increased the open-circuit voltage of the LPCs by 13.3 mV and the short-circuit current density by 3.6 mA. Furthermore, the absolute value of the fill factor increased by 1.2% at an incident light intensity of 1200 mW, resulting in a 1.7% improvement in the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the GaAs LPCs.
A high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy instrument for studies of industrially relevant catalytic reactions at pressures of several bars
Authors: Amann Peter , Degerman David , Lee Ming-Tao , Alexander John D. , Shipilin Mikhail , Wang Hsin-Yi , Cavalca Filippo , Weston Matthew , Gladh Jörgen , Blom Mikael , Björkhage Mikael , Löfgren Patrik , Schlueter Christoph , Loemker Patrick , Ederer Katrin , Drube Wolfgang , Noei Heshmat , Zehetner Johann , Wentzel Henrik , Åhlund John , Nilsson Anders
Published: October 2019

We present a new high-pressure x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy system dedicated to probing catalytic reactions under realistic conditions at pressures of multiple bars. The instrument builds around the novel concept of a “virtual cell” in which a gas flow onto the sample surface creates a localized high-pressure pillow. This allows the instrument to be operated with a low pressure of a few millibar in the main chamber, while simultaneously a local pressure exceeding 1 bar can be supplied at the sample surface. Synchrotron based hard x-ray excitation is used to increase the electron mean free path in the gas region between sample and analyzer while grazing incidence <5° close to total external refection conditions enhances surface sensitivity. The aperture separating the high-pressure region from the differential pumping of the electron spectrometer consists of multiple, evenly spaced, micrometer sized holes matching the footprint of the x-ray beam on the sample. The resulting signal is highly dependent on the sample-to-aperture distance because photoemitted electrons are subject to strong scattering in the gas phase. Therefore, high precision control of the sample-to-aperture distance is crucial. A fully integrated manipulator allows for sample movement with step sizes of 10 nm between 0 and −5 mm with very low vibrational amplitude and also for sample heating up to 500 °C under reaction conditions. We demonstrate the performance of this novel instrument with bulk 2p spectra of a copper single crystal at He pressures of up to 2.5 bars and C1s spectra measured in gas mixtures of CO + H2 at pressures of up to 790 mbar. The capability to detect emitted photoelectrons at several bars opens the prospect for studies of catalytic reactions under industrially relevant operando conditions.
A discrete dynamical system: The poor man’s magnetohydrodynamic (PMMHD) equations
Authors: Alberti T. , Consolini G. , Carbone V.
Published: October 2019

A discrete dynamical system is derived, via a Fourier-Galerkin procedure, from three-dimensional equations describing incompressible plasmas in the magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) framework. The obtained six-dimensional (6D) map, consisting of logistic and nonlinear terms, can provide useful insights into incompressible plasmas dynamics when bifurcation parameters, controlling dissipative and coupling terms, are changed. The map preserves the total energy in the ideal MHD approximation (i.e., by neglecting dissipative terms), manifests a sensitive dependence to the initial conditions as well as at least one Lyapunov exponent is positive (as for chaotic systems), and is characterized by a dissipative nature of its phase space. Moreover, all fixed points of the usual MHD equations are recovered, including the fluid fixed point, the Alfvénic point, and the Taylor force-free solution. Finally, also some interesting properties, as the existence of a kinematic dynamo action, are evidenced, suggesting that discrete dynamical systems deserve consideration for the description of incompressible plasmas.
Quadrant scan for multi-scale transition detection
Authors: Zaitouny Ayham , Walker David M. , Small Michael
Published: October 2019

Transition detection in temporal and nontemporal signals is a problem encountered in various disciplines. We investigate the quadrant scan technique to analyze recurrence plots to identify tipping points of a dynamical system. We define two types of transition, state-transition and dynamic-transition, and prove analytically the ability of quadrant scans to detect both types. We then provide an extension by considering a weighting scheme to overcome limitations of the standard scheme. We further highlight the merits of the quadrant scan and our extension by studying several applications. The ability of the quadrant scan and its extension to deal with nontemporal, multivariate, or large data sets as well as their capability to classify multiscale transitions are demonstrated in detail through several examples and settings.
Spin adapted implementation of EOM-CCSD for triplet excited states: Probing intersystem crossings of acetylacetone at the carbon and oxygen K-edges
Authors: Faber Rasmus , Kjønstad Eirik F. , Koch Henrik , Coriani Sonia
Published: October 2019

We present an equation of motion coupled cluster singles and doubles approach for computing transient absorption spectra from a triplet excited state. The implementation determines the left and right excitation vectors by explicitly spin-adapting the triplet excitation space. As an illustrative application, we compute transient state X-ray absorption spectra at the carbon and oxygen K-edges for the acetylacetone molecule.
Van der Waals heterostructures of blue phosphorene and scandium-based MXenes monolayers
Authors: Rehman Gul , Ali Khan Shujaat , Ali Roshan , Ahmad Iftikhar , Gan Li-Yong , Amin Bin
Published: October 2019

Stacked layers in the form of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures can significantly extend the applications of its building materials. In this study, based on hybrid functional (HSE06) with vdW corrections, we systematically investigated the electronic structure and optical properties of BlueP/Sc2CX2 (X=O,F,OH) vdW heterostructures and their corresponding monolayers. All three heterostructures are indirect bandgap semiconductors with type-II band alignment. The calculated bandgap of BlueP/Sc2CF2 is found to be 1.528 eV. A small amount of charge transfers from BlueP to Sc2CF2 and from Sc2CO2 [Sc2C(OH)2] to BlueP, rendering it p- and n-doped, respectively. The formation of heterostructures enhanced the optical absorption in the visible light region as compared to their parent monolayer, particularly in BlueP/Sc2CF2 and BlueP/Sc2C(OH)2. Heterostructures show excellent device absorption efficiencies (70%–80%) from infrared to ultraviolet spectrum of light. These results suggest that BlueP/Sc2CX2 heterostructures are potential for nanoelectronics, optoelectronics, and photovoltaic device applications.
Hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces
Authors: Kang Evan S. H. , Shiran Chaharsoughi Mina , Rossi Stefano , Jonsson Magnus P.
Published: October 2019

Plasmonic metasurfaces based on ensembles of distributed metallic nanostructures can absorb, scatter, and in other ways shape light at the nanoscale. Forming hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces by combination with other materials opens up for new research directions and novel applications. This perspective highlights some of the recent advancements in this vibrant research field. Particular emphasis is put on hybrid plasmonic metasurfaces comprising organic materials and on concepts related to switchable surfaces, light-to-heat conversion, and hybridized light-matter states based on strong coupling.
In-plane optical polarization and dynamic properties of the near-band-edge emission of an m-plane freestanding AlN substrate and a homoepitaxial film
Authors: Chichibu S. F. , Kojima K. , Hazu K. , Ishikawa Y. , Furusawa K. , Mita S. , Collazo R. , Sitar Z. , Uedono A.
Published: October 2019

For accelerating the development of deep-ultraviolet light-emitting diodes based on high AlN mole fraction (x) AlxGa1-xN for sterilization, disinfection, and skin therapy applications, in-plane optical polarization and dynamic properties of the near-band edge (NBE) cathodoluminescence (CL) peak of a low threading dislocation density (<103 cm−2) m-plane freestanding AlN substrate and a homoepitaxial film are assessed. Consistent with the polarization selection rules, the electric field (E) component of the NBE emission was essentially polarized parallel to the c-axis (E∥c). Low-temperature CL spectra of the homoepitaxial film exhibited exciton fine structures: CL peaks at 6.0410 and 6.0279 eV, which were polarized E∥c and E perpendicular to the c-axis (E⊥c), respectively, are assigned as being due to the recombination of free A-excitons of irreducible representations Γ1 and Γ5. The hydrogenic binding energy of the Γ1 A-exciton being 51 meV is verified. Detectable CL peaks under E∥c polarization at 6.0315 and 6.0212 eV are tentatively assigned as Γ1-mixed Γ5-exciton-polaritons. The concentration of multiple vacancies consisting of an Al-vacancy (VAl) and N-vacancies (VNs), namely, VAlVN2−3, in the substrate was estimated by the positron annihilation measurement to be 2–3 × 1016 cm−3, while that in the epilayer was lower than the detection limit (<1016 cm−3). The NBE CL lifetime of 28 ps of the epilayer subsurface at 300 K is likely limited by the recombination at carbon deep-acceptors on nitrogen sites (3 × 1017 cm−3) and/or VAlVN2−3 Shockley-Read-Hall nonradiative recombination centers (∼1 × 1016 cm−3) with hole capture coefficients of approximately 1×10−7 and 3×10−6 cm3 s−1, respectively.
Simultaneously imaging and quantifying in vivo mechanical properties of crystalline lens and cornea using optical coherence elastography with acoustic radiation force excitation
Authors: Li Yan , Zhu Jiang , Chen Jason J. , Yu Junxiao , Jin Zi , Miao Yusi , Browne Andrew W. , Zhou Qifa , Chen Zhongping
Published: October 2019

The crystalline lens and cornea comprise the eye’s optical system for focusing light in human vision. The changes in biomechanical properties of the lens and cornea are closely associated with common diseases, including presbyopia and cataract. Currently, most in vivo elasticity studies of the anterior eye focus on the measurement of the cornea, while lens measurement remains challenging. To better understand the anterior segment of the eye, we developed an optical coherence elastography system utilizing acoustic radiation force excitation to simultaneously assess the elasticities of the crystalline lens and the cornea in vivo. A swept light source was integrated into the system to provide an enhanced imaging range that covers both the lens and the cornea. Additionally, the oblique imaging approach combined with orthogonal excitation also improved the image quality. The system was tested through first ex vivo and then in vivo experiments using a rabbit model. The elasticities of corneal and lens tissue in an excised normal whole-globe and a cold cataract model were measured to reveal that cataractous lenses have a higher Young’s modulus. Simultaneous in vivo elasticity measurements of the lens and cornea were performed in a rabbit model to demonstrate the correlations between elasticity and intraocular pressure and between elasticity and age. To the best of our knowledge, we demonstrated the first in vivo elasticity of imaging of both the lens and cornea using acoustic radiation force-optical coherence elastography, thereby providing a potential powerful clinical tool to advance ophthalmic research in disorders affecting the lens and the cornea.
A modular point contact spectroscopy probe for sub-Kelvin applications
Authors: Das Shekhar , Sheet Goutam
Published: October 2019

We present the construction and performance of a plug-n-play type point contact spectroscopy probe equipped with a piezodriven coarse approach mechanism for sub-Kelvin applications. A modular assembly has been built, which can be placed in or taken out from a sub-Kelvin socket mounted inside a He3 cryostat (with a 7 T magnet) using an external manipulator. A simple transfer process using a removable vertical manipulator combined with a load-lock chamber makes the exchange of the sample/tip rig very easy without breaking the vacuum insulation of the sample chamber. We have successfully performed point-contact spectroscopic studies on certain elemental superconductors with low Tc. We have also used the probe to perform spectroscopic measurements on another low temperature superconductor PdTe2, which is a Dirac semimetal in the normal state. We present such data to demonstrate the functionality of the probe. The probe can also be made adaptable for other transport measurements such as Hall effect, four probe resistivity, scanning tunneling spectroscopy, etc.
Spintronic GdFe/Pt THz emitters
Authors: Schneider Robert , Fix Mario , Bensmann Jannis , Michaelis de Vasconcellos Steffen , Albrecht Manfred , Bratschitsch Rudolf
Published: October 2019

We present a spintronic terahertz emitter based on a ferrimagnetic gadolinium-iron alloy (GdxFe1−x) and platinum (Pt). We measure the magnetic-field-dependent terahertz emission of GdxFe1−x/Pt spintronic heterostructures in the entire composition range (0 ≤ x ≤ 1). Excellent agreement is found between the measured data and a theoretical model based on the ratio of in-plane and saturation magnetization, up to a Gd content of x = 0.4 for all applied fields. At a higher Gd content (x ≥ 0.6), the measured terahertz amplitudes and the model deviate, due to the increasing influence of Gd. The GdxFe1−x/Pt emitters share similar properties with TbxFe1−x/Pt emitters, such as a strong increase in terahertz emission for a small rare earth content. However, our systematic study demonstrates that the terahertz emission amplitude of GdxFe1−x/Pt is up to 17 times higher than that of TbxFe1−x/Pt, which is important for the use and further optimization of these spintronic emitters operating at room temperature.
Heterogeneous cooperative leadership structure emerging from random regular graphs
Authors: Rong Zhihai , Wu Zhi-Xi , Li Xiang , Holme Petter , Chen Guanrong
Published: October 2019

This paper investigates the evolution of cooperation and the emergence of hierarchical leadership structure in random regular graphs. It is found that there exist different learning patterns between cooperators and defectors, and cooperators are able to attract more followers and hence more likely to become leaders. Hence, the heterogeneous distributions of reputation and leadership can emerge from homogeneous random graphs. The important directed game-learning skeleton is then studied, revealing some important structural properties, such as the heavy-tailed degree distribution and the positive in-in degree correlation.
CrystaLattE: Automated computation of lattice energies of organic crystals exploiting the many-body expansion to achieve dual-level parallelism
Authors: Borca Carlos H. , Bakr Brandon W. , Burns Lori A. , Sherrill C. David
Published: October 2019

We present an algorithm to compute the lattice energies of molecular crystals based on the many-body cluster expansion. The required computations on dimers, trimers, etc., within the crystal are independent of each other, leading to a naturally parallel approach. The algorithm exploits the long-range three-dimensional periodic order of crystals to automatically detect and avoid redundant or unnecessary computations. For this purpose, Coulomb-matrix descriptors from machine learning applications are found to be efficient in determining whether two N-mers are identical. The algorithm is implemented as an open-source Python program, CrystaLattE, that uses some of the features of the Quantum Chemistry Common Driver and Databases library. CrystaLattE is initially interfaced with the quantum chemistry package Psi4. With CrystaLattE, we have applied the fast, dispersion-corrected Hartree–Fock method HF-3c to the lattice energy of crystalline benzene. Including all 73 symmetry-unique dimers and 7130 symmetry-unique trimers that can be formed from molecules within a 15 Å cutoff from a central reference monomer, HF-3c plus an Axilrod-Teller-Muto estimate of three-body dispersion exhibits an error of only −1.0 kJ mol−1 vs the estimated 0 K experimental lattice energy of −55.3 ± 2.2 kJ mol−1. The convergence of the HF-3c two- and three-body contributions to the lattice energy as a function of intermonomer distance is examined.
Architecture design and applications of nanopatterned arrays based on colloidal lithography
Authors: Zhao Xiaoyu , Wen Jiahong , Li Lingwei , Wang Yaxin , Wang Dunhui , Chen Lei , Zhang Yongjun , Du Youwei
Published: October 2019

Nanopatterned arrays have potential applications in diverse devices, including high-density memory, wettability control, electronic chips, biochips, plasmonics (such as plasmon sensors, plasmon-enhanced molecular spectroscopy, and plasmon-mediated chemical reactions), and so on. In this tutorial, we first introduce colloidal lithography (CL) technique as an important method to prepare nanopatterned arrays. Based on the formation of a mask by self-assembly of polystyrene (PS) colloid spheres, the nanopatterned arrays can be achieved by following a series of various deposition, etching, transfer, and their combination steps. According to the structural differences of the acquired surface patterns, diverse nanopatterned arrays are fabricated by controlling the fabrication routes. Technical issues are discussed in detail, such as preparation and modification of the large-area and ordered PS colloid sphere arrays and design and hybridization of nanostructured arrays of films with various shapes. In the meantime, the potential applications of these nanopatterned array films are reviewed and summarized. Hopefully, the present tutorial will inspire more ingenious designs of nanopatterned arrays and developments of using CL technique in potential applications.
Network embedding for link prediction: The pitfall and improvement
Authors: Cao Ren-Meng , Liu Si-Yuan , Xu Xiao-Ke
Published: October 2019

Link prediction plays a significant role in various applications of complex networks. The existing link prediction methods can be divided into two categories: structural similarity algorithms in network domain and network embedding algorithms in the field of machine learning. However, few researchers focus on comparing these two categories of algorithms and exploring the intrinsic relationship between them. In this study, we systematically compare the two categories of algorithms and study the shortcomings of network embedding algorithms. The results indicate that network embedding algorithms have poor performance in short-path networks. Then, we explain the reasons for this phenomenon by computing the Euclidean distance distribution of node pairs after a given network has been embedded into a vector space. In the vector space of a short-path network, the distance distribution of existent and nonexistent links are often less distinguishable, which can sharply reduce the algorithmic performance. In contrast, structural similarity algorithms, which are not restricted by the distance function, can represent node similarity accurately in short-path networks. To address the above pitfall of network embedding, we propose a novel method for link prediction aiming to supplement network embedding algorithms with local structural information. The experimental results suggest that our proposed algorithm has significant performance improvement in many empirical networks, especially in short-path networks. AUC and Precision can be improved by 36.7%–94.4% and 53.2%–207.2%, respectively.
Magnetodynamics in orthogonal nanocontact spin-torque nano-oscillators based on magnetic tunnel junctions
Authors: Jiang S. , Ahlberg M. , Chung S. , Houshang A. , Ferreira R. , Freitas P. P. , Åkerman J.
Published: October 2019

We demonstrate field and current controlled magnetodynamics in nanocontact spin-torque nano-oscillators based on orthogonal magnetic tunnel junctions. We systematically analyze the microwave properties (frequency f, linewidth Δf, power P, and frequency tunability df/dI) with their physical origins—perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, dampinglike and fieldlike spin transfer torque (STT), and voltage-controlled magnetic anisotropy (VCMA). These devices present several advantageous characteristics: high emission frequencies (f>20 GHz), high frequency tunability (df/dI=0.25 GHz/mA), and zero-field operation (f∼4 GHz). Furthermore, detailed investigation of f(H, I) reveals that df/dI is mostly governed by the large VCMA [287 fJ/(V m)], while STT plays a negligible role.
The role of nuclear quantum effects in the relative stability of hexagonal and cubic ice
Authors: Buxton Samuel J. , Quigley David , Habershon Scott
Published: October 2019

At atmospheric pressure, hexagonal ice (Ih) is thermodynamically stable relative to cubic ice (Ic), although the magnitude and underlying physical origin of this stability difference are not well defined. Pure Ic crystals are not accessible experimentally, and hence computer simulations have often been used to interrogate the relative stabilities of Ih and Ic; however, these simulations are dominated by molecular interaction models that ignore the intramolecular flexibility of individual water molecules, do not describe intermolecular hydrogen-bonding with sufficient accuracy, or ignore the role of nuclear quantum effects (NQEs) such as zero-point energy. Here, we show that when comparing the relative stability of Ih and Ic using a flexible, anharmonic molecular interaction model, while also accurately accounting for NQEs, a new picture emerges: Ih is stabilized relative to Ic as a result of subtle differences in the intramolecular geometries and intermolecular interactions of water molecules which are modulated by NQEs. Our simulations hence suggest that NQEs are a major contributor to the stabilization of Ih under terrestrial conditions and thus contribute to the well-known hexagonal (sixfold) symmetry of ice crystals.
Inertial effects in triple-layer core-annular pipeline flow
Authors: Sarmadi Parisa , Frigaard Ian A.
Published: October 2019

Triple-layer core-annular flow is a novel methodology for efficient heavy oil transportation. As usual, high shear rates concentrating in a lubricating fluid layer reduce the pressure drop significantly. Novel is the use of a viscoplastic fluid bounding the lubricant and protecting the transported core. For sufficiently large yield stress, the skin remains unyielded, preventing any interfacial instabilities. By shaping the skin, we generate lubrication forces to counterbalance buoyancy of the core fluid, i.e., an eccentric position of the core is the result of buoyancy and lubrication forces balancing. Here, we extend the feasibility of this method to large pipes and higher flow rates by considering the effects of inertia and turbulence in the lubrication layer. We show that the method can generate enough lubrication force to balance the buoyancy force for a wide range of density differences and pipe sizes if the proper shape is imposed on the unyielded skin.
A chaotic circuit constructed by a memristor, a memcapacitor and a meminductor
Authors: Yuan Fang , Li Yuxia
Published: October 2019

In this paper, we, respectively, introduce memristor, meminductor, and memcapacitor models. By employing these models, a simple chaotic circuit is designed, which only contains three memory devices in parallel: a memristor, a memcapacitor, and a meminductor. Complex dynamic behaviors are observed and investigated, including variable-boostable feature, chaos bursting phenomenon, phase diagram offsets, coexisting attractors, and transient and local sustained chaotic states. Furthermore, the presented chaotic system is realized by an experimental circuit, and abundant dynamic characteristics are confirmed by hardware experiments, which can be applied in engineering fields.
Causality detection in cortical seizure dynamics using cross-dynamical delay differential analysis
Authors: Lainscsek Claudia , Gonzalez Christopher E. , Sampson Aaron L. , Cash Sydney S. , Sejnowski Terrence J.
Published: October 2019

Most natural systems, including the brain, are highly nonlinear and complex, and determining information flow among the components that make up these dynamic systems is challenging. One such example is identifying abnormal causal interactions among different brain areas that give rise to epileptic activities. Here, we introduce cross-dynamical delay differential analysis, an extension of delay differential analysis, as a tool to establish causal relationships from time series signals. Our method can infer causality from short time series signals as well as in the presence of noise. Furthermore, we can determine the onset of generalized synchronization directly from time series data, without having to consult the underlying equations. We first validate our method on simulated datasets from coupled dynamical systems and apply the method to intracranial electroencephalography data obtained from epilepsy patients to better characterize large-scale information flow during epilepsy.
Spiral and target wave chimeras in a 2D lattice of map-based neuron models
Authors: Rybalova E. , Bukh A. , Strelkova G. , Anishchenko V.
Published: October 2019

We study the dynamics of a two-dimensional lattice of nonlocally coupled-map-based neuron models represented by Rulkov maps. It is firstly shown that this discrete-time neural network can exhibit spiral and target waves and corresponding chimera states when the control parameters (the coupling strength and the coupling radius) are varied. It is demonstrated that one-core, multicore, and ring-shaped core spiral chimeras can be realized in the network. We also reveal a novel type of chimera structure—a target wave chimera. We explore the transition from spiral wave chimeras to target wave structures when varying the coupling parameters. We report for the first time that the spiral wave regime can be suppressed by applying noise excitations, and the subsequent transition to the target wave mode occurs.
Impact of Nd : YAG laser radiation (λ = 1.44 mm) on myocardial tissue in the treatment of coronary heart disease by transmyocardial laser revascularisation
Authors: Belov S.V. , Danileiko Yu.K. , Egorov A.B. , Shilin L.G. , Shulutko A.M.
Published: October 2019

We have studied the impact of Nd : YAG laser radiation with a wavelength of λ = 1.44 μm on the myocardial tissue for the formation of channels in the treatment of coronary heart disease by transmyocardial laser revascularisation (TMLR). The mechanism of perforation of the myocardial tissue by a laser pulse is presented and an experimental setup for TMLR is developed. In experiments on biological objects, the optimal parameters of radiation energy and duration necessary for the formation of channels of a given size in a single laser pulse are determined. The exposure regime ensures the adequate character of myocardial tissue destruction, assessed by such criteria as the perforation force, exposure energy, size of the coagulation zone, and level of carbonisation.
Laser optical frequency combs and their applications in optical fibre communication systems and astrophysics
Authors: Kryukov P.G.
Published: October 2019

This paper examines the generation and applications of laser optical frequency combs (LOFCs). The unique properties of LOFCs are widely used in spectroscopy and metrology, in particular for making ultra-accurate optical clocks. The use of LOFCs contributes to advances in optical fibre communication systems and studies pertaining to fundamental problems of astrophysics, such as the search for and investigation of exoplanets and verification of the hypothesis that physical constants vary with time.
On the possibility of a significant improvement in the quality of a quantum ghost image by registering an additional image in the object channel
Authors: Balakin D.A. , Belinsky A.V.
Published: October 2019

A modification of the classical scheme of the quantum ghost image formation is considered, in which an image of the object under study is formed and recorded in the object channel. This image is used together with the ghost image to construct an estimate of the transparency distribution of the object. It is shown that this technique reduces the image quality worsening associated with the non-unit quantum efficiency of the sensors, even when the quantum image obtained in the object channel is additionally distorted by noise due to photons that did not interact with the object.
Coherent-state quantum cryptography using pseudorandom number generators
Authors: Avanesov A.S. , Kronberg D.A.
Published: October 2019

Quantum key distribution plays an important role in modern cryptography, since the security of the transmitted keys is guaranteed by fundamental laws of nature. A method using pseudorandom number generators well known from classical cryptography is considered. It is shown that their use in quantum cryptography makes it possible to increase the key generation rate under very weak assumptions about the capabilities of the eavesdropper. A practical scheme of a coherent-state quantum key distribution protocol using pseudorandom sequences is proposed. The cryptographic strength of the proposed protocol against a beam-splitting attack is considered.
Investigation of an electron-beam pumped VECSEL based on an InGaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure
Authors: Andreev A.Yu. , Bagaev T.A. , Butaev M.R. , Gamov N.A. , Zhdanova E.V. , Zverev M.M. , Kozlovsky V.I. , Skasyrsky Ya.K. , Yarotskaya I.V.
Published: October 2019

We report the results of a study of an e-beam pumped vertical-external-cavity surface-emitting laser (VECSEL) based on an InGaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure. Metalorganic chemical vapour deposition (MOCVD) is employed to grow two structures of different design, which contain 10 quantum wells (QWs) and a built-in distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) mirror. Under repetitively pulsed electron-beam excitation (50 Hz, 250 ns), a peak output power of 5.5 W is achieved at a wavelength of 2.5 W and an output power of 2.5 W at 1.013 μm with a total convergence angle no larger than 20 mrad.
Quantifying the future lethality of terror organizations
Authors: Yang Yang , Pah Adam R. , Uzzi Brian
Published: October 2019

Significance

We develop and test a model that predicts the future lethality of a terror group. The model significantly increases the level of explained variance over existing models and presents early-warning signal predictions. Our early-warning model predicts the future lethality of a group using only a handful of events that occur soon after it emerges. Using the first 10 to 20 attacks or the first 10 to 20% of a group’s lifetime, our early-warning model provides about 60% of the explanatory power as would having a group’s complete lifetime data, which is a basis for improved counter insurgency resources.
SOD2 acetylation on lysine 68 promotes stem cell reprogramming in breast cancer
Authors: He Chenxia , Danes Jeanne M. , Hart Peter C. , Zhu Yueming , Huang Yunping , de Abreu Andre Luelsdorf , O’Brien Joseph , Mathison Angela J. , Tang Binwu , Frasor Jonna M. , Wakefield Lalage M. , Ganini Douglas , Stauder Erich , Zielonka Jacek , Gantner Benjamin N. , Urrutia Raul A. , Gius David , Bonini Marcelo G.
Published: October 2019

Significance

Mitochondrial superoxide dismutase (SOD2) has been established as a suppressor of tumor initiation. However, late-stage solid tumors display high levels of SOD2 expression. Here, we report that overexpression of SOD2 causes its accumulation in an acetylated form that increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as well as HIF2α activity. HIF2α is a potent promoter of cancer stem cell formation, which is largely responsible for treatment failure and metastatic recurrence of breast cancer. In agreement, we found increased SOD2 and HIF2α in metastatic lesions compared with primary tumors from the same patients. Taken together, our results indicate that the accumulation of acetylated SOD2 observed in late-stage cancer may drive cancer stem cell formation, contributing to tumor aggressiveness and poorer outcomes.
Asynchronous nitrogen supply and demand produce nonlinear plant allocation responses to warming and elevated CO2
Authors: Noyce Genevieve L. , Kirwan Matthew L. , Rich Roy L. , Megonigal J. Patrick
Published: October 2019

Significance

Interactions between nutrient supply and plant demand dictate key terrestrial ecosystem feedbacks to global climate change. We investigated these responses in a marsh ecosystem and found that plants and soils respond to warming at different temperatures. Modest warming caused plant demand for nitrogen (N) to outpace the soil N supply, while more extreme warming caused the N supply to outpace plant N demand. These responses changed when elevated CO2was added to the warming treatments. Globally, terrestrial plant N demand has exceeded soil N supply in unfertilized ecosystems over the past century; our results reveal that this imbalance is driven primarily by elevated CO2and forecast that N supply will likely increase over plant demand as warming exceeds 2 °C.
Bacterial outer membrane vesicles engineered with lipidated antigens as a platform for
Staphylococcus aureus
vaccine
Authors: Irene Carmela , Fantappiè Laura , Caproni Elena , Zerbini Francesca , Anesi Andrea , Tomasi Michele , Zanella Ilaria , Stupia Simone , Prete Stefano , Valensin Silvia , König Enrico , Frattini Luca , Gagliardi Assunta , Isaac Samine J. , Grandi Alberto , Guella Graziano , Grandi Guido
Published: October 2019

Significance

Thanks to their potent built-in adjuvanticity, bacterial outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) represent an attractive vaccine platform. However, their full-blown exploitation relies on the availability of efficient engineering strategies. This work provides strong experimental evidence that OMVs can be successfully decorated with heterologous antigens by channeling them to the lipoprotein transport machinery. Not only did lipidated antigens accumulate in the vesicular compartment at high levels but they also interfered with the acylation process of lipid A, thus substantially reducing the lipopolysaccharide-mediated reactogenicity, a major hurdle for vaccine applications. The approach was validated with 5
Staphylococcus aureus
antigens, and mice immunized with engineered OMVs were completely protected against
S. aureus
challenge, paving the way for development of vaccines against this important pathogen.
Human papillomavirus 16 promotes microhomology-mediated end-joining
Authors: Leeman Jonathan E. , Li Yi , Bell Andrew , Hussain Suleman S. , Majumdar Rahul , Rong-Mullins Xiaoqing , Blecua Pedro , Damerla Rama , Narang Himanshi , Ravindran Pavithran T. , Lee Nancy Y. , Riaz Nadeem , Powell Simon N. , Higginson Daniel S.
Published: October 2019

Significance

Cancers associated with the human papillomavirus, including oropharyngeal, anal canal, cervical, and vulvar carcinomas, constitute about 4.5% of all solid tumors. In many cases, they can be readily cured with radiotherapy, which is the mainstay of treatment. HPV-associated cancers are more radiosensitive than HPV-negative cancers, but the mechanism of this radiosensitivity is unknown. Across all of oncology, HPV association is one of the only validated molecular biomarker of radiosensitivity. Here, we demonstrate that the HPV16 E7 oncoprotein alters DNA double-strand break repair pathways by promoting error-prone, microhomology-mediated end-joining and suppressing nonhomologous end-joining. These results characterize the molecular mechanism of this unique biomarker in cancer therapy and suggest therapeutic vulnerabilities.
IL-37 is increased in brains of children with autism spectrum disorder and inhibits human microglia stimulated by neurotensin
Authors: Tsilioni Irene , Patel Arti B. , Pantazopoulos Harry , Berretta Sabina , Conti Pio , Leeman Susan E. , Theoharides Theoharis C.
Published: October 2019

Significance

IL-37, an antiinflammatory cytokine, is increased along with the proinflammatory cytokine IL-18 and its receptor IL-18R in the amygdala and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). IL-37 inhibits neurotensin (NT)-stimulated secretion and gene expression of IL-1β and CXCL8 from cultured human microglia, the resident immune cells of the brain. Moreover, NT, IL-1β, and TNF increase gene expression of IL-37 in these microglia. These findings highlight the important role of NT in the activation of microglia and of IL-37 in the inhibition of inflammation, thus supporting the development of IL-37 as a treatment for ASD.