bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Medium-entropy ceramic aerogels for robust thermal sealing
Authors: Fu Shubin , Liu Dizhou , Deng Yuanpeng , Li Menglin , Zhao Han , Guo Jingran , Zhou Jian , Zhang Pengyu , Wang Chong , Yu Hongxuan , Dang Shixuan , Zhang Jianing , Hao Menglong , Li Hui , Xu Xiang
Published: December 2022

MECA fabricated by far-field electrospinning exhibit excellent thermomechanical stability due to the medium entropy effects and superior high temperature thermal insulation performance due to the thermal radiation reflection of TiO2.
Interfacial encapsulation stress management of micron-sized porous SiO anodes for high-energy lithium-ion batteries
Authors: Fang Xiao , Zhu Guanjia , Yuan Shuai , Wang Lingling , Shi Liyi , Yu Wei , Zhang Haijiao
Published: December 2022

The stress evolution of SiO microparticles with three interfacial encapsulation types is studied via finite element modeling. Consequently, a robust SiO based anode with superior electrochemical performances is well developed.
Graphitic carbon nitride decorated with C–N compounds broken by s-triazine unit as homojunction for photocatalytic H2 evolution
Authors: Lv Yixuan , Ma Dandan , Song Kunli , Mao Siman , Liu Zhetong , He Dan , Zhao Xuewen , Yao Tianhao , Shi Jian-Wen
Published: December 2022

A new homojunction is developed by in situ decorating g-C3N4 (CN) nanosheets with a C–N compound broken by s-triazine units (BST). The BST fragments rapidly transfer photogenerated electrons from the CN conduction band to generate hydrogen.
Strategic review on chemical vapor deposition technology-derived 2D material nanostructures for room-temperature gas sensors
Authors: Kumar Rahul , Goel Neeraj , Jarwal Deepak Kumar , Hu Yinhua , Zhang Jun , Kumar Mahesh
Published: December 2022

Recent advances in gas detection at room temperature using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown different nanostructures including 0D, 1D, 2D, and 3D of emerging two-dimensional (2D) materials (such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides) are reviewed.
Tuning CPL by helical pitch modulation in helically flexible small organic multichromophores
Authors: Ray César , Díaz-Norambuena Carolina , Johnson Mizuki , Moreno Florencio , Maroto Beatriz L. , Bañuelos Jorge , Muller Gilles , de la Moya Santiago
Published: December 2022

Modulating the helical pitch by simply playing with steric effects in a series of helically flexible BODIPY dimers allows easy tuning of the luminescence dissymmetry factors associated with their circularly polarized emissions.
Effect of Ti1−xFexO2 photoanodes on the performance of dye-sensitized solar cells utilizing natural betalain pigments extracted from Beta vulgaris (BV)
Authors: Srivastava Abhishek , Satrughna Jena Akash Kumar , Tiwari Manish Kumar , Kanwade Archana , Yadav Subhash Chand , Bala Kiran , Shirage Parasharam M.
Published: December 2022

Schematic illustration of light harvesting and role of Ti1−xFexO2 photoanodes in PCE enhancement. This enhanced PCE is ascribed to the increased surface adsorption and reduced charge recombination via new electron state creation with Fe3+ doping.
A real‐time decoupling trajectory planning method for on‐road autonomous driving
Authors: Lu Yongkang , He Shenghuang , Li Yanzhou , Wu Yuanqing , Zhong Wenjian
Published: December 2022

Trajectory planning is a core technology for autonomous vehicle directlyreflecting the driving safety and efficiency. In this paper, a spatial‐speed decoupled planning method is studied for real‐time trajectory generation in the on‐road environment. The proposed approach mainly includes two parts: optimization‐based lateral planning and selection‐based longitudinal speed planning. The optimization‐based lateral planning is employed to generate an optimal collision‐free and smooth path by solving a quadratic programming problem. Specifically, the lateral planning first constructs a safe corridor by integrating obstacles and initial risky corridor together in the Frénet frame. The safe corridor is useful for quadratic programming problem formulation. The selecting‐based longitudinal speed planning is proposed to generate a suitable and continuous velocity trajectory. The novel speed selector considering four cases is designed to select a more suitable reference velocity in different lane situations. The continuous velocity trajectory is obtained by solving piecewise continuous quartic polynomial. As a result, the combination of the spatial path and the velocity trajectory is the final planning result. The proposed algorithm is tested extensively in a simulation environment. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm has good real‐time property and practical validity.
Flexible dispatching method for park‐level integrated energy systems considering energy cascade utilization
Authors: Chen Zhanpeng , Hu Yan , Tai Nengling , Fan Feilong , Huang Wentao
Published: December 2022

The complex energy conversion and the volatility of renewable energy/load bring great challenges to the operation of the park‐level integrated energy system (PIES). To overcome this challenge, this paper proposes a multi‐timescale flexible dispatching method to fully exploit the flexibility of PIES in the energy cascade utilization mode. The cascade utilization model for energy flow is firstly established to analyse the coupling and complementary of heterogeneous energy. On this basis, the supply‐demand general equations of multi‐energy flexibility are proposed, which accurately quantify the ability to cope with uncertainty through mutual flexibility. Through coordinated complementation and mutual exchange of multi‐grade flexibility, the system realizes the suppression of random power fluctuations. The scheduling model includes day‐ahead dispatch and intraday multi‐time scale dispatch, which can satisfy the adjustment speed requirements of different energy. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method effectively enhances the flexibility and economy of system operation. The flexible demand for energy of all grades can be satisfied. Compared with the flexible dispatch in the triple energy supply structure, the operating cost is reduced by 9.07%.
An improved four‐layer capacitor voltage control strategy combined with arm current control for transformerless modular multilevel converters
Authors: Liu Dan , Xiong Ping , Xiao Fan , Lai Jinmu , Ji Xiaotong , Wang Wei
Published: December 2022

In order to improve the performance of the transformerless modular multilevel converters (MMC) under AC and DC grid fault conditions, this paper proposes an improved four‐layer capacitor voltage control strategy combined with arm current control. The proposed control strategy consists of overall submodule capacitor voltage averaging control, leg‐balancing control with flexible weight factor W, arm‐balancing control with zero‐sequence suppression, and inner‐arm individual balancing control. The new concept of weight factor W for leg‐balancing control is also originated, considering negative‐sequence current and DC circulating current jointly from power point of view. The proposed approach effectively realizes the capacitor voltage balance, ac‐side current tracking, and unwanted circulating current elimination. The practical implementation of the proposed control strategy and the experimental results from a downscale three‐phase transformerless MMC prototype are presented to validate the performance of the proposed four‐layer capacitor voltage control strategy under grid faults.
Compressive detection of multiple targets in passive bistatic radar
Authors: Ma Junhu , Rui Xi
Published: December 2022

The problem of compressive detection of multiple targets in a passive bistatic radar system consisting of one illuminator of opportunity and one receiver is considered. Specifically, a measurement matrix is designed to remove the direct‐path and multi‐path interference and obtain the compressive observations simultaneously. Considering that the degree of sparsity, that is, the number of targets, is unknown, an orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP)‐based detector, referred to as the ‖rk‖∞‐based OMP detector, is proposed by analysing the distribution characteristics of the infinite norm of the residual. It is shown that the test statistic of the proposed detector leads to an order statistic, and then a closed‐form expression of probability of false alarm and detection of the proposed detector is provided. Finally, numerical simulations are conducted to verify the theoretical analysis and illustrate the performance of the proposed detector relative to several benchmark detectors.
Asymptotic analysis of a family of non-local functionals on sets
Authors: Eleuteri Michela , Lussardi Luca , Torricelli Andrea
Published: December 2022

We study the asymptotic behavior of a family of functionals which penalize a short-range interaction of convolution type between a finite perimeter set and its complement. We first compute the pointwise limit and we obtain a lower estimate on more regulars sets. Finally, some examples are discussed.
Tau-PET Bildgebung der Demenzerkrankungen
Authors: Bischof Gérard N.
Published: December 2022

Die Ablagerung von Tau-Proteinen ist ein grundlegendes pathophysiologisches Merkmal vieler neurodegenerativer Demenzerkrankungen. Die Entwicklung sensitiver Tau-PET Tracer in den letzten Jahren hat die Lokalisation von Tau-Ablagerungen in unterschiedlichen klinischen neurodegenerativen Phänotypen in vivo ermöglicht. Bei der Alzheimer Demenz sind die räumlichen Muster der Tau-Pathologie in temporalen, parietalen und frontalen Regionen mit der Neurodegeneration und klinischen Symptomatik korreliert. Des Weiteren zeigen sich Zusammenhänge mit der Schwere der kognitiven Beeinträchtigung und der gemessenen Tau-Last, sodass Tau-PET in Zukunft einen hohen Nutzen in der klinischen Anwendung zugesprochen werden könnte. Bei primären Tauopathien, neurodegenerative Erkrankungen wie z.B. PSP und CBD, deren dominantes pathophysiologisches Merkmal die Ansammlung von Tau-Proteinen im Gehirn sind, steht die Validierung der wissenschaftlich genutzten Tau-PET Tracer noch aus, aber erste Hinweise aus Studien mit Tau-PET Tracern der zweiten Generation sind vielversprechend. Diese zeigen, dass die räumliche Verteilung der Tracer-Anreicherung bei primären Tauopathien von dem räumlichen Verteilungsmuster bei der Alzheimer Demenz unterschieden werden kann.

Dennoch fehlen aktuell wichtige Validierungsstudien, die in größeren Kohorten den direkten
klinischen Nutzen der Tau-PET Bildgebung belegen. Auf der anderen Seite haben die bisherigen
wissenschaftlichen Erkenntnisse, die durch die Tau-PET Bildgebung gewonnen wurden, bereits
einen wesentlichen Beitrag zum Zusammenhang von Tau-Pathologie und Neurodegeneration
geleistet.
Konzepte der Sturzrisikoabschätzung bei neurogeriatrischen
Patienten
Authors: Möhwald Ken , Schniepp Roman
Published: December 2022

Neurogeriatrische Patienten sind sturzgefährdet. Dieser Beitrag
beschreibt allgemeine, klinische und mobilitätsbezogene
Sturzrisikofaktoren und gibt eine Übersicht zur Identifikation von
sturzgefährdeten Patienten sowie praxisbezogene Instruktionen zur
Durchführung eines strukturierten, multimodalen Sturzassessments. Die
Routinediagnostik wird dadurch um standardisierte klinische Untersuchungen sowie
apparative und mobile Bewegungsanalysen erweitert.
Rational Evaluation and Treatment of Prolactinomas: A Concise Review
Authors: Mahzari Moeber M.
Published: December 2022

Prolactinoma is the most common pituitary tumor. It arises from the lactotroph cells and leads to a hyperprolactinemia state. The clinical presentation of prolactinomas is either due to the high prolactin state or the adenoma mass effect. Diagnosis of prolactinomas starts with the confirmation of persistent pathologic hyperprolactinemia. Subsequently, pituitary MRI is required to characterize the prolactinoma size and extension within the sella turcica. Further investigation may include visual field assessment and laboratory investigations for hypopituitarism. Prolactinoma management is mainly medical with dopamine agonists as most of these tumors are responsive. Surgical intervention is rarely required with specific indications.
Incidence and Risk Factors of Hyperglycemia in Severe Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children: A Retrospective Case-Control Study
Authors: Saritas Nakip Ozlem , Kesici Selman , Bozkurt Betul Seda , Ozsurekci Yasemin , Demirbilek Huseyin , Bayrakci Benan
Published: December 2022

Objective Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) patients might be at risk for hyperglycemia and associated complications. Herein, we aimed to determine the incidence of hyperglycemia, understanding the underlying risk factors in MIS-C patients.

Methods All MIS-C patients were retrospectively evaluated and compared according to the presence of hyperglycemia and the need of insulin. Inflammatory markers and body mass index Z-scores were also compared.

Results The median age of the patients with hyperglycemia was higher than those without (p = 0.001). Disease severity scores of patients with hyperglycemia were higher. Procalcitonin levels of patients with hyperglycemia were higher, while ferritin, CRP, and interleukin-6 levels were not. BMIs of patients with hyperglycemia were higher (p = 0.01) but BMI Z-scores were similar (p = 0.055). There was a positive correlation between BMIs and CRP (r: 0.31, p = 0.015). There was a positive correlation between procalcitonin (r: 0.431, p = 0.001) and CRP (r: 0.279, p = 0.029) and maximum PG.

Conclusion Hyperglycemia is a common feature of MIS-C patients and is associated with the severity of the inflammation. As a novel finding, high CRP and procalcitonin should be considered as predictive markers for impaired glucose homeostasis in MIS-C patients.
Joubert Syndrome and Renal Implication
Authors: Conti Giovanni , Farello Giovanni , Ceravolo Maria Domenica , Fusco Monica , Cuppari Caterina , Mancuso Alessio , Ceravolo Ida , David Emanuele , Iapadre Giulia , Scorrano Giovanna , Fiorile Maria Francesca , Chimenz Roberto
Published: December 2022

Twenty-five to 30% of patients with Joubert syndrome (JS) have renal involvement. Two forms of renal disease (RD) have traditionally been described. The less common form is the Dekaban–Arima syndrome, a JS RD that includes congenital blindness and occasional encephalocele. The other, more common RD is juvenile nephronophthisis (NPHP), that presents a progressive interstitial fibrosis, associated with small cysts at the corticomedullary junction. NPHP is the most frequent genetic cause for end-stage RD in the first three decades of life. Symptoms start at approximately 6 years of age with urine concentrating defects, polydipsia, polyuria, and secondary enuresis.
Finite element analysis on tunable solid/fluid phononic crystal for surface acoustic wave bandgaps with various fluid heights
Authors: Lu Mengkai , Zhang Zheng , Du Jianke , Shen Tao , Lu Xuze
Published: December 2022

In this study, the propagations of surface acoustic waves (SAWs) in two-dimensional solid/fluid phononic crystal (PC) structures were investigated. The PC structures are composed of a periodic sequence of hollow pillars deposited on a semi-infinite substrate, which can be filled with various kinds/heights of fluid. Finite element analysis was used to study the characteristics of SAW bandgaps for the unit cell of PCs. The results showed that the distribution of bandgaps varies with the fluid height. Additionally, the change of bandgaps is more sensitive to mercury than water. Furthermore, transmission properties of SAWs for the PCs filled with different mercury heights are analyzed. It can be found that the PCs can inhibit the propagation of SAWs with a frequency corresponding to the bandgaps validly. Meanwhile, comparing with the transmission spectra, it could be concluded that the transmission troughs shift to lower frequency overall as the mercury heights increase. The results obtained in this study are instructive and meaningful for the practical design of tunable SAW PCs.
Vortex evolution near the Coanda surface of a circulation control airfoil with pulsed actuation
Authors: Sun Quanbing , Shi Zhiwei , Zhang Weilin , Chen Sinuo , Chen Jie
Published: December 2022

A special vortex evolution process was found near the Coanda surface for circulation control airfoil with pulsed actuation. For the jet-on process, two successive shedding vortices from the lower lip edge and the separation vortex on the Coanda surface collide and interact with each other, and periodic vortex shedding forms after several vortex shedding and collision cycles. For the jet-off process, the periodic shedding vortices were replaced by a row of vortices with reverse rotation direction from the upper lip edge, and then reverse vortices broke into small-scale vortices.
Comparison between modulations of contact and channel potential in nitrogen dioxide gas response of ambipolar carbon nanotube field-effect transistors
Authors: Nakahara Shota , Morita Takahiro , Omachi Haruka , Inaba Masafumi , Nakano Michihiko , Suehiro Junya
Published: December 2022

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are promising materials for gas sensing because of their large specific area and high sensitivity to charge differentiation. In CNT-based field-effect transistors (FETs) for gas sensing, both CNT potential modulation in the channels and Schottky barrier height modulation at the CNT/metal electrode contact influence the current properties. However, researchers have not used Schottky barrier height modulation for gas detection. To investigate and compare the effects of Schottky barrier height modulation and CNT channel potential modulation on NO2 gas exposure, we fabricated ambipolar CNT FETs by the dielectrophoretic assembly. We exposed CNT FET gas sensors to N2 gas containing 100-ppb NO2 and observed two different responses in the electric properties: a steady current shift in the positive direction in the hole-conduction region because of the channel potential modulation, and an abrupt decrease in transconductance in the electron-conduction region because of the Schottky barrier modulation. The CNT channels and CNT/metal contact both contributed to the sensor response, and the modulation rate of the Schottky barrier was higher than that of the CNT potential shift in the channel.
The Gaussian nature of the band-edge of ZnO microcrystalline thin films
Authors: Canul Amrah , Lukman Isiaka , Bergman Leah
Published: December 2022

A straightforward analytical approach based on the derivative of the absorption coefficient is presented, which enables probing the nature of the band edge (BE) of ZnO microcrystalline films. The study was conducted via transmission experiments at temperatures of 77–532 K and repeated for samples annealed up to 1073 K. It was found that the derivative of the natural log of the BE absorption coefficient resulted in a Gaussian function. The Gaussian linewidth is used in the electron–phonon (e–p) interaction model to characterize the defect-state of the films. The BE of the as-grown film was found to exhibit no thermal dependence and no e–p coupling, indicative of a disordered crystal. Upon annealing and improvement of the film quality, the thermal phonons became more activated, but only above room temperature with a phonon energy of ∼75 meV, while up to room temperature, the impact of phonons on the BE is insignificant. A disorder–order transition was determined to take place at an annealing temperature of ∼673 K. X-ray diffraction concurs with these results. The study indicates that the prevalent defects are of structural nature due to the inherent granular morphology of the films. This defect was found to dominate the behavior of the BE even at the elevated temperature regime rather than thermal phonons.
Near-infrared metalens for high-resolution and deep focus optical coherence tomography
Authors: Haerinia Mohammad , Zheng Bowen , Hutchins Aaron , Tang Hong , Li Hang , Dong Yunxi , Guo Wei , Zhang Hualiang
Published: December 2022

High-resolution endoscopic optical imaging is a crucial technique in biological imaging to examine the inside organs. There is a trade-off between lateral resolution and depth of focus in such applications. Traditional Optical Coherence Tomography provides an increased depth range but falls short of desired resolution. The combination of both higher resolution and larger imaging depth of focus of metalens can improve the clinical utility of endoscopic optical imaging. In this work, we designed, analyzed, and fabricated a 500 µm diameter metalens operating at 1300 nm to achieve high resolution and large imaging depth of focus, therefore, addressing this need. The full width at half maximum and depth of focus for the proposed metalens are 3.10 and 286 µm, respectively.
Successful creation of seedless (sterile) leucaena germplasm developed from interspecific hybridisation for use as forage
Authors: Real D. , Revell C. , Han Y. , Li C. , Castello M. , Bailey C. D.
Published: December 2022

Context The legume shrub/tree leucaena (Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit.) is highly regarded as a cattle fodder, although it is considered an environmental weed in many parts of Australia. Aims We investigated the feasibility of developing a forage variety of triploid leucaena through interspecific hybridisation that is sterile (without seeds) as a strategy to mitigate its weed risk. Methods A conventional breeding strategy was used to create triploid hybrids from hand-crosses between tetraploid and diploid species of leucaena. Molecular markers were developed to confirm successful crosses and flow cytometry was used to confirm the ploidy level. The plants are being evaluated for flowering behaviour, seed and herbage production across two environmentally diverse sites at Carnarvon and Kununurra in northern Western Australia. Key results During 2018/19 and 2019/20, 2260 crosses between 45 different combinations of diploid females by tetraploid males and their reciprocals have created over 3000 putative triploid hybrid plants. This is the first time that triploids have successfully been created in Australia and 10 new parental combinations were created as a world-first. Conclusions A cohort of sterile triploid plants has been identified and selections will be made based on their edible biomass productivity, insect tolerance, capacity for regrowth after cutting, nutritive value and plant chemistry (including anti-methanogenic responses). A sterile leucaena variety will have application not only in Australian grazing systems but also in other tropical regions of the world. Implications A cost-effective technology for mass vegetative propagation of leucaena will be required for commercialisation of a sterile variety.
Exact reaction coordinates for flap opening in HIV-1 protease
Authors: Wu Shanshan , Li Huiyu , Ma Ao
Published: December 2022

The primary goal of protein science is to understand how proteins function, which requires understanding the functional dynamics responsible for transitions between different functional structures of a protein. A central concept is the exact reaction coordinates that can determine the value of committor for any protein configuration, which provide the optimal description of functional dynamics. Despite intensive efforts, identifying the exact reaction coordinates (RCs) in complex molecules remains a formidable challenge. Using the recently developed generalized work functional, we report the discovery of the exact RCs for an important functional process—the flap opening of HIV-1 protease. Our results show that this process has six RCs, each one is a linear combination of ~240 backbone dihedrals, providing the precise definition of collectivity and cooperativity in the functional dynamics of a protein. Applying bias potentials along each RC can accelerate flap opening by

10

3

to

10

4

folds. The success in identifying the RCs of a protein with 198 residues represents a significant progress beyond that of the alanine dipeptide, currently the only other complex molecule for which the exact RCs for its conformational changes are known. Our results suggest that the generalized work functional (GWF) might be the fundamental operator of mechanics that controls protein dynamics.
“This is China’s Wailing Wall”
Authors: Pritzker Sonya E. , Hu Tony
Published: December 2022

Dr. Li Wenliang, an ophthalmologist at Wuhan Central Hospital, was accused of spreading rumors when he sent a WeChat message containing the diagnostic report of a suspicious pneumonia case to a group of friends. When he later died from COVID-19, his Weibo page quickly become known as “China’s Wailing Wall,” where hundreds of thousands of netizen shared replies to his final post in a mega-thread that continues into the present. Drawing upon a selection of posts from an archive of messages posted to Li’s Weibo in the year following his death, this article examines how participants used chronotopes (Bhaktin 1981) to situate Li vis-à-vis various culturally salient “figures of personhood” (Agha 2005;Park 2021), including “moral hero,” “kin figure,” and/or “deity.” Our analysis further suggests how such positioning, as a response to grief and uncertainty, “moved” authors into a position of distance from hegemonic national chronotopes situating people in a symbiotic relationship of mutual care with the Chinese state. Our analysis thus offers insight into the ways in which collective crises have the capacity to (but do not necessarily) motivate a complex discursive and relational process through which interlocutors enactscalar intimacy(Pritzker and Perrino 2020) as they grapple with shifts in their felt experience of nationhood and/or “culture.”
L1 use and patterns of interaction of young EFL learners in a collaborative writing task
Authors: Azkarai Agurtzane
Published: December 2022

Research on L1 use among young EFL learners is scarce and has been mainly conducted with oral tasks, while
collaborative writing (CW) tasks have been underexplored. CW provides learners with many opportunities for L2 development,
especially when they work in collaborative patterns of interaction. In research with young EFL learners, the relationship between
L1 use, CW and patterns of interaction has not been studied yet, and it is important to assess the extent to which the patterns of
interaction formed in CW tasks play a role in L1 use by these learners, because these three factors have been claimed to impact L2
development. Thus, this study examines whether the patterns of interaction formed played a role in the L1 use and functions of 56
young EFL learners while they worked on a CW task at two different times. The findings indicated that these EFL learners showed
mainly parallel/passive or collaborative patterns of interaction at both testing times, that the L1 was used mainly for
metacognitive issues, although differences existed from pattern to pattern, and that a collaborative pattern of interaction
resulted in more L1 use. The results are discussed following the pedagogical implications of these findings for the EFL
classroom.
4D printed chiral metamaterials with negative swelling behavior
Authors: Ma Lian-hua , Wei Tianyong , Rao Wei , Zhang Kun , Gao Hong , Chen Xuejin , Zhang Xin-chun
Published: December 2022

Soft adaptable materials and structures that change their shapes, volumes and properties in response to surrounding environment are important and ideal for scientific and engineering applications. Existing soft gels exhibit a dramatic volumetric swelling deformation when immersed in solution. Developing an innovative material system that can undergo large and actively negative swelling deformation driven by solution is an interesting challenge. In this work, a water-driven mechanical metamaterial with negative swelling is designed and fabricated based on the coupled responses of the swelling of hydrogels and deformation characteristics of chiral metamaterials. The constructed metamaterial utilizes deformation characteristics of 4D printed composite structure to convert the swelling deformation of the hydrogel into a bending deformation of flexible ligaments, resulting in a volume reduction of the entire metamaterial. Activated by surrounding solution, the metamaterial can achieve large and adjustable effective negative swelling behaviors with the desired isotropic characteristics. Based on experimental data and finite element simulation results, the customized metamaterials can be implemented to produce the desired negative swelling deformation by adjusting the lattice geometry and microstructural parameters. These design concepts exploit the capabilities of existing soft materials and have great potential in a variety of applications.
D
∗ jet fragmentation function paradox and combination mechanism
Authors: Jiang Chuanhui , Li Honglei , Li Shi-Yuan , Liu Shufen , Yin Xinyue
Published: December 2022

In the framework of the perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics factorization, the production of a hadron includes contributions from fragmentation as well as combination, with the latter being of higher twist. In particular, the heavy meson production can be via the combination of a heavy quark with a light one, and the cross section can be factorized to be the convolution of the combination matrix element, the light quark distribution function, and the hard partonic sub-cross section of the heavy quark production. The partonic distribution and the combination matrix element are functions of a scaling variable, respectively, which is the momentum fraction of the corresponding quark with respect to the heavy meson. We studied the D
*± production in jet via combination in pp collision at the LHC. The total result is comparable with the experimental data. The combination matrix elements can be further studied in various hadron production processes.
Some special exact solutions in nonlocal Alice-Bob sine-Gordon systems
∗
Authors: Zhang Zong-Ao , Lou Sen-Yue
Published: December 2022

Three nonlocal Alice-Bob sine-Gordon (ABSG) systems with the parity and time reversal nonlocality and/or space-time exchange nonlocality are investigated. For the common local SG equation, two types of N-soliton solutions and three types of periodic solutions are presented. The multiple solutions, breather solution, double kink solution, and periodic solutions of the ABSG systems are obtained from the symmetry reductions of a coupled local sine-Gordon system.
Ta thickness effect on field-free switching and spin–orbit torque efficiency in a ferromagnetically coupled Co/Ta/CoFeB trilayer
Authors: Feng Zhongshu , Yu Changqiu , Huang Haixia , Fan Haodong , Wei Mingzhang , Wu Birui , Jin Menghao , Zhuang Yanshan , Shao Ziji , Li Hai , Wen Jiahong , Zhang Jian , Zhang Xuefeng , Wang Ningning , Mu Sai , Zhou Tiejun
Published: December 2022

Current induced spin–orbit torque (SOT) switching of magnetization is a promising technology for nonvolatile spintronic memory and logic applications. In this work, we systematically investigated the effect of Ta thickness on the magnetic properties, field-free switching and SOT efficiency in a ferromagnetically coupled Co/Ta/CoFeB trilayer with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We found that both the anisotropy field and coercivity increase with increasing Ta thickness from 0.15 nm to 0.4 nm. With further increase of Ta thickness to 0.5 nm, two-step switching is observed, indicating that the two magnetic layers are magnetically decoupled. Measurements of pulse-current induced magnetization switching and harmonic Hall voltages show that the critical switching current density increases while the field-free switching ratio and SOT efficiency decrease with increasing Ta thickness. Both the enhanced spin memory loss and reduced interlayer exchange coupling might be responsible for the β
DL decrease as the Ta spacer thickness increases. The studied structure with the incorporation of a CoFeB layer is able to realize field-free switching in the strong ferromagnetic coupling region, which may contribute to the further development of magnetic tunnel junctions for better memory applications.
MINFLUX imaging of a bacterial molecular machine at nanometer resolution
Authors: Carsten Alexander , Rudolph Maren , Weihs Tobias , Schmidt Roman , Jansen Isabelle , Wurm Christian A , Diepold Andreas , Failla Antonio Virgilio , Wolters Manuel , Aepfelbacher Martin
Published: December 2022

The resolution achievable with the established super-resolution fluorescence nanoscopy methods, such as STORM or STED, is in general not sufficient to resolve protein complexes or even individual proteins. Recently, minimal photon flux (MINFLUX) nanoscopy has been introduced that combines the strengths of STED and STORM nanoscopy and can achieve a localization precision of less than 5 nm. We established a generally applicable workflow for MINFLUX imaging and applied it for the first time to a bacterial molecular machine in situ, i.e., the injectisome of the enteropathogen Y. enterocolitica. We demonstrate with a pore protein of the injectisome that MINFLUX can achieve a resolution down to the single molecule level in situ. By imaging a sorting platform protein using 3D-MINFLUX, insights into the precise localization and distribution of an injectisome component in a bacterial cell could be accomplished. MINFLUX nanoscopy has the potential to revolutionize super-resolution imaging of dynamic molecular processes in bacteria and eukaryotes.
Effect of yttrium content on microstructure and tensile properties of as-cast and as-solutionized Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloys
Authors: Li Mojia , Zhang Yingbo , Hu Yunfeng , Li Jiaheng , Zeng Qi , Zhang Pu
Published: December 2022

Four kinds of 7xxx series aluminum alloys with different Y elementcontents were obtained by ordinary gravity casting. The effect of Y content on the microstructure and mechanical properties of as-cast and as-solutionized Al-7.9Zn-3Mg-2.4Cu-0.13Zr (wt%) alloys were investigated by means of x-ray diffraction (XRD), electron backscattering diffraction (EBSD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and room-temperature tensile tests. The results shows that, in as-cast condition, Y element can refine the grain and reduce the content of Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)2 lamellar phases at the interdendritic. (Al, Zn)8Cu4Y block-shaped phases form in interdendritic regions. After solution treatment, the undissolved Mg(Zn, Cu, Al)2 phases evolved from lamellar to bulk-like which distribution in interdendritic, but no obvious change in (Al, Zn)8Cu4Y phase. The tensile testing results shows that the optimal yttrium content is 0.45 wt%. At 0.45 wt% Y, the ultimate tensile strength and elongation are 267 MPa and 2.4% in as-cast condition and 420 MPa and 3.6% in as-solutionized condition.
Enhanced performance of ultrathin n-i-p and p-i-n perovskite solar cells via light trapping: a simulation study employing Lambertian back reflector
Authors: Tumuluri Anil , Ansari Samiulla , Sasihithlu Karthik
Published: December 2022

In this study, the effectiveness of a Lambertian back reflector for trapping light in a MAPbI3 perovskite solar cellhas been investigated. The propagation of collimated and diffuse light in the cell has been modelled using the transfer-matrix method and the radiative transfer equation respectively. We show that in the presence of such a reflector, the population of tail states at wavelengths beyond the band-edge of a conventional cell can be substantially increased. As a result of this enhanced light absorption, the power conversion efficiency of a 600 nm thick active layer in a conventional n-i-p (p-i-n) cell is shown to be attainable with a reduced thickness of 300 nm (200 nm) in the presence of light trapping. The effect of photon recycling to increase the open circuit voltage in these structures has also been studied for different thicknesses of the active layer. An increased open circuit voltage in the range 125–145 mV is observed for a Lambertian back reflector as compared to 155–170 mV increase seen in a conventional cell with metallic back reflector.
AC conductivity, dielectric and thermal properties of three-phase hybrid composite: PVA/Bi2O3/cotton microfiber composite
Authors: Alnaim Nisrin , Ibrahim S S
Published: December 2022

The impact of bismuth (III) oxide (Bi2O3) on the characteristics of the cellulose/polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) blend was reported for a high weight ratio of the oxide (15wt%). Composite samples were made with 15wt% oxide and 2:1 weight ratio of PVA to cellulose using a hot hydraulic press technique (5 MPa and 175 °C), which led to samples in the form of a disk. The thermal stability of the composite was illustrated using the thermal gravitational analysis (TGS) at a heating rate of 10 °C min−1 in N2 environment. The results show that the thermal stability of the composite sample was greater than that of the blended sample in the high-temperature region. The blend and composite samples exhibited two weight-loss stages throughout the thermal decomposition process. These two stages correspond to the slow decomposition (200 to 400 °C) and fast decomposition stages (400 to 450 °C for blend and from 430 to 460 °C for composite). Only 5% mass loss for both samples was detected due to heating from 50 °C to 200 °C. Dielectric spectroscopy (from 100 Hz to 1 MHz) was used to investigate the effects of Bi2O3 on the relaxation and conduction mechanisms of the composite samples at different temperatures. Dielectric permittivity, AC conductivity, electrical modulus, and complex impedance were investigated. Jonscher’s equation was applied to the blend and composite samples. The modified Jonscher’s equation fit well at low temperatures. As the temperature increases, the deviation from the normal Jonscher equation decreases. The activation energies of the blend and composite were calculated by determining the bulk resistance (RB) from the Nyquist plots. The activation energy of the blend was increased by adding the filler (Bi2O3).
Ask me anything: Sara Fry
Authors: Commissariat Tushna
Published: December 2022

Sara Fry is the head of sustainability and of safety, health, environment at multi-national engineering solutions company, Atlas Copco’s Vacuum Technique business area.
Too much consumption or too high emissions intensities? Explaining the high consumption-based carbon footprints in the Nordic countries
Authors: Heinonen Jukka , Olson Sarah , Czepkiewicz Michal , Árnadóttir Áróra , Ottelin Juudit
Published: December 2022

Consumption-based carbon footprints have been widely used to examine how different demand-side solutions can reduce the emissions from personal consumption. This study not only utilized consumption-based carbon footprints to examine how people living in affluent nations like the Nordic countries can live 1.5 degree warming compatible lifestyles, but it also expanded on this analysis by focusing on which level of GHG intensity per monetary unit of expenditure it is possible to remain below a 1.5-degree compatible target level at different levels of consumption expenditure. To analyze the GHG intensity per monetary unit of consumption, first, the consumption-based carbon footprints from around 8,000 survey responses from the Nordic countries were calculated. Then the average carbon intensity per unit of monetary spending was calculated across the income deciles in each country and compared to target levels that align with the 1.5-degree compatible reduction pathways by 2030. Finally, the intensities for selected low-carbon consumption choices (vegan/vegetarian diet, driving an EV, renewable electricity for the home, not owning a car, and no air travel) were calculated and compared to the same baseline targets. Our results showed that all of the average carbon footprints and GHG intensities were above the target levels in all of the countries. However, when comparing respondents having adopted two or more low-carbon consumption choices, there were examples of average intensities that met the target levels. The adoption rates of these low-carbon consumption choices were low though, which illustrates the necessity for high adoption rates of multiple low-carbon consumption choices in order to materialize the potential of demand-side climate change mitigation options. Our findings highlight the importance of examining the GHG intensity of per monetary unit expenditure to inform future policies on demand-side solutions and to improve the climate-literacy of consumers, so they can make more informed decisions on consumption choices.
The free energy principle induces neuromorphic development
Authors: Fields Chris , Friston Karl , Glazebrook James F , Levin Michael , Marcianò Antonino
Published: December 2022

We show how any finite physical system with morphological, i.e. three-dimensional embedding or shape, degrees of freedom and locally limited free energy will, under the constraints of the free energy principle, evolve over time towards a neuromorphic morphology that supports hierarchical computations in which each ‘level’ of the hierarchy enacts a coarse-graining of its inputs, and dually, a fine-graining of its outputs. Such hierarchies occur throughout biology, from the architectures of intracellular signal transduction pathways to the large-scale organization of perception and action cycles in the mammalian brain. The close formal connections between cone-cocone diagrams (CCCD) as models of quantum reference frames on the one hand, and between CCCDs and topological quantum field theories on the other, allow the representation of such computations in the fully-general quantum-computational framework of topological quantum neural networks.
Initiation of oral antihypertensives in hospitalized patients with hypertensive urgency: A descriptive study
Authors: Chun Hannah , Zimmerman David E , Covvey Jordan R , Nemecek Branden D
Published: December 2022

Purpose

In hypertensive urgency, guidelines recommend oral antihypertensives, but with limited guidance on implementation. The objective of this study was to determine whether time to initiation of oral antihypertensives impacts blood pressure (BP) reduction in patients with hypertensive urgency.

Methods

A descriptive study was conducted of adult hospitalized patients with hypertensive urgency from November 2018 through November 2021. Patients with a systolic BP (SBP) of 180 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic BP (DBP) of 120 mm Hg or higher and receipt of oral antihypertensives within 48 hours of presentation were included. The primary outcome was the percentage change in SBP from baseline at 12 to 24 hours and 24 to 48 hours. Secondary outcomes included the change in DBP and mean arterial pressure (MAP), time to 3 consecutive goal SBP readings, continuation of home oral antihypertensives, administration of intravenous (IV) antihypertensives, and length of stay (LOS). Patients were stratified by quartile (Q1 through Q4) based on time to first oral antihypertensive.

Results

A total of 220 patients were included. A significant difference in SBP was observed among the quartiles, due to the greater sustained SBP reduction in Q1 at 12 to 24 hours and 24 to 48 hours (median [interquartile range, IQR], 22.9% [13.1%-30.5%] and 22.5% [IQR, 15.8%-32.9%] reduction, respectively). There were also reductions in DBP and MAP, with Q1 consistently having larger reductions than Q4. Patients in Q1 had 3 consecutive goal SBP readings earlier than those in the other quartiles (median [IQR], 13.1 [7.0-21.5] hours). Continuation of home medications, number of IV antihypertensives, and LOS did not differ among the quartiles.

Conclusion

In this analysis, earlier administration of oral antihypertensives was associated with a larger sustained reduction in SBP.
Return to sport or work following surgical management of scapholunate ligament injury: a systematic review
Authors: Liew Mei Yen , Dingle Lewis A , Semple Abi , Rust Philippa A
Published: December 2022

Introduction

This systematic review aims to compare the rate and time to return to sport or work following surgical interventions for isolated scapholunate ligament (SLL) injury.

Sources of data

A PRISMA-compliant systematic search of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane, AMED, CINAHL Plus and SPORTDiscus was performed using keywords ‘scapholunate’, ‘scapholunate ligament’, ‘scaphoid lunate’, ‘sport’, ‘sport injury’, ‘athlete’, ‘athletic performance’, ‘elite’, ‘return to sport’, ‘training’, ‘work’, ‘activity’, ‘return to activity’. Adult patients with isolated SLL injury, without osteoarthritis, were included.

Areas of agreement

Fourteen papers, including six different surgical interventions, met the criteria for the final analysis. All surgical techniques demonstrated acceptable rates of return to work or sport (>80%).

Areas of controversy

The optimal surgical intervention for isolated SLL injury remains undetermined due to heterogeneity and limited sample sizes of published studies.

Growing points

This systematic review has provided clarification on the available literature on treatment modalities for isolated SLL injuries in the absence of osteoarthritis.

Areas timely for developing research

Prospective, randomized, primary studies are needed to establish optimal treatment for acute isolated SLL injuries.
Severe functional tricuspid regurgitation due to wild-type transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy without left ventricular hypertrophy: a case report
Authors: Matsuzoe Hiroki , Tanaka Hidekazu , Sato Shunsuke , Otani Kyoko
Published: December 2022

Background

Transthyretin amyloid cardiomyopathy (ATTR-CM) is usually characterized by left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy or LV systolic dysfunction. However, right atrial (RA) amyloidosis without LV hypertrophy, leading to severe functional tricuspid regurgitation (FTR), is extremely rare.

Case summary

We present 75-year-old female with exertional dyspnoea and pre-syncope. Transthoracic echocardiography showed a normal LV function and no LV hypertrophy. A sick sinus syndrome and severe FTR due to right ventricular (RV) and RA dilatation were observed. A leadless cardiac pacemaker implantation was performed for sick sinus syndrome and the symptoms improved, but she complained of leg oedema and fatigue on effort again. A repeated transthoracic echocardiogram showed no notable changes in LV function, but progression of RV and RA dilatation was observed, with worsening FTR. Despite treatment of loop diuretics with 30 mg daily of azosemide, symptoms did not improve, and the patient underwent tricuspid valve annuloplasty. Pathological findings from right atrium led to a diagnosis of ATTR-CM, and deoxyribonucleic acid sequence analysis did not indicate any typical mutation, which supported a diagnosis of wild type of ATTR-CM (ATTRwt-CM). She has been asymptomatic after the surgical operation. She has also been treated with 80 mg daily of tafamidis meglumine to prevent further accumulation of transthyretin in the myocardium and potentially improve long-term outcomes.

Discussion

Isolated atrial amyloidosis, especially occurring predominantly in the right atrium and caused by ATTRwt-CM without LV hypertrophy, is extremely rare. However, differential diagnosis should be considered for patients with unexplained dilatation of the right-sided heart or bradyarrhythmia.