bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Interplays between State and Flux Hydrological Variables across Vadose Zones: A Numerical Investigation
Authors: Wang Zhaoxin , Wang Tiejun , Zhang Yonggen
Published: June 2019

Knowledge of both state (e.g., soil moisture) and flux (e.g., actual evapotranspiration (ETa) and groundwater recharge (GR)) hydrological variables across vadose zones is critical for understanding ecohydrological and land-surface processes. In this study, a one-dimensional process-based vadose zone model with generated soil hydraulic parameters was utilized to simulate soil moisture, ETa, and GR. Daily hydrometeorological data were obtained from different climate zones to drive the vadose zone model. On the basis of the field phenomenon of soil moisture temporal stability, reasonable soil moisture spatiotemporal structures were reproduced from the model. The modeling results further showed that the dependence of ETa and GR on soil hydraulic properties varied considerably with climatic conditions. In particular, the controls of soil hydraulic properties on ETa and GR greatly weakened at the site with an arid climate. In contrast, the distribution of mean relative difference (MRD) of soil moisture was still significantly correlated with soil hydraulic properties (most notably residual soil moisture content) under arid climatic conditions. As such, the correlations of MRD with ETa and GR differed across different climate regimes. In addition, the simulation results revealed that samples with average moisture conditions did not necessarily produce average values of ETa and GR (and vice versa), especially under wet climatic conditions. The loose connection between average state and flux hydrological variables across vadose zones is partly because of the high non-linearity of subsurface processes, which leads to the complex interactions of soil moisture, ETa, and GR with soil hydraulic properties. This study underscores the importance of using soil moisture information from multiple sites for inferring areal average values of ETa and GR, even with the knowledge of representative sites that can be used to monitor areal average moisture conditions.
ОЦЕНКА ГЕНЕТИЧЕСКОГО РАЗНООБРАЗИЯ АЛАТАУСКОЙ, ЧЕРНО-ПЕСТРОЙ И ГОЛШТИНСКОЙ ПОРОД КРУПНОГО РОГАТОГО СКОТА КЫРГЫЗСТАНА ПО ГЕНАМ PRL, GH И PIT-1
Authors: ISAKOVA ZH.T. , BYKOVCHENKO Y.G. , CHEKIROV K.B. , TALAIBEKOVA E.T. , KAINAZAROV M.K. , DUISHEEVA ZH.T. , KURMANBEKOVA G.T. , ALDASHEVA N.M. , ALDASHEV A.A. , KIPEN V.N.
Published: June 2019

Приведены результаты молекулярно-генетического анализа 3 пород крупного рогатого скота Кыргызстана по генам, детерминирующим полиморфизм пролактина РRL (RsaI, g.35333742C>T), гормона роста GH (AluI, g.48118264G>C) и гипофизарного фактора транскрипции PIT-1 (HinfI, g.35419909T>C). В отношении полиморфизма гена PRL показано, что среди коров алатауской, черно-перстрой и голштинской пород преобладали животные с генотипом PRLAA — 57,6%, 59,3% и 61,5%, соответственно. Особи с генотипом PRLBB встречались с низкой частотой — в пределах 1,69—7,69%. Аллель GHL по полиморфизму гена GH среди исследуемых пород являлся мажорным и варьировал в пределах 83,1—98,1%. По полиморфизму гена PIT-1 наиболее распространены у животных алатауской породы аллель PIT-1B (69,5%) и генотип PIT-1AB (47,5%), у черно-пестрой — аллель PIT-1B (72,2%) и генотип PIT-1AB (55,6%), у голштинской — аллель PIT-1B (76,9%) и генотип PIT-1BB (53,8%). Установлена сочетаемость генотипов по 3 полиморфным сайтам и набольшее разнообразие по ним выявлено у алатауской породы.

The results of the genetic identification of three cattle breeds of Kyrgyzstan on the genes determining the polymorphism of prolactin РRL (RsaI, g.35333742C>T), growth hormone GH (AluI, g.48118264G>C) and pituitary transcription factor PIT-1 (HinfI, g.35419909T>C) are presented. The PRLAA genotype prevailed among Alatau, Black-Pied and Holstein cows (57.6%, 59.3% and 61.5% respectively). Cows with the PRLBB genotype were identified with a low frequency (within 1.69-7.69 The GHL allele in the polymorphism of the GH gene among the studied cattle breeds was major and varied within 83.1-98.1%. The PIT-1B allele is common among animals of the Alatau breed with a frequency of 69.5% (genotype PIT-1AB  – 47.5%), for Black-Pied – 72.2% (genotype PIT-1AB – 55.6%), for Holstein – 76.9% (genotype PIT-1BB – 53.8%). The compatibility of genotypes for the three polymorphic sites was determined and the greatest diversity of them was found in the Alatau breed cattle. Based on the results of molecular genetic testing, we conducted a comparative analysis of the Alatau, Black-Pied and Holstein breeds of Kyrgyzstan with 13 breeds from other regions for which data were freely available, and the level of genetic similarity was calculated.
The possibilities of the development of functional dairy products
Authors: Zsuzsanna Kárnyáczki  , Béla Béri  , József Fenyvessy  , József Csanádi
Published: June 2019

Because of our new aged world’s emerging stress, over exhausting and move less lifestyle the pollution, the not appropriate food consuming and the low calories in the consumed food there are more and more the called „civilian” disorders.Many people have diabetes and osteoporosis others fight with lung, cardiovascular system, problems and find cancers of many kinds without age exemptions. There could be a solution in changing lifestyle. In the developed side of the world there are presence of food lines with higher content in nutritious and/or vitamins and fibers such as: kalium, calcium, selen, magnesium, plus it contains less saturated fat. Because of that there is a new word in dietetics as functional foods.Food having more inner content and/or biological values, so healthier, are called functional foods. Those foods components picked carefully for healthiness by modern knowledge of dietetics.One of the best raw materials for functional food is the milk. It is already healthy by itself. The Körös-Maros Biofarm Ltd. has a goal of developing and marketing, health protecting organic functional foods in hungaricum products from cured milk. The Jedlik Ányos project helps the Ltd. to achieve this goal. We just finished an antioxidant test and we check if the antioxidant in present in the milk than we check the final product of the presence of the original antioxidant and the form and amount of it.It had been feeding, for two weeks for three herd of cows selected for age, milk output and consanguinity. All of the three herd had been feeding with basic forage. One of the herds had been getting vitamin-E in the amount of 250 mg/bwkg the other group got licopin in the amount of 200 mg/bwkg once a day each by each orally, the third herd was the control group. After two weeks we toke a sample of every herd were processed the samples into yogurt and cheese. Than we checked the raw milk, the cheese and the yogurt for antioxidant content with HPLC method. The test ended with good results by finding a great amount of antioxidant, in not only the raw milk but also in the final product.
Okul Öncesi Eğitim Kurumlarına Devam Eden Mülteci Öğrencilerin Sınıf Ortamında Karşılaştıkları Sorunlara İlişkin Öğretmen Görüşleri
Authors: AVCI Fatma
Published: June 2019

Bu araştırmanın amacı, sınıflarında mülteci öğrencisi bulunan okul öncesi eğitim öğretmenlerinin, bu öğrencilerin eğitim-öğretim sürecinde karşılaştıkları sorunlar hakkındaki görüşlerini almak ve karşılaştıkları sorunlar karşısında ne gibi çözümler ürettiklerini ortaya koymaktır. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinden durum çalışması olarak desenlenen bu çalışmada, amaçlı örnekleme yöntemlerinden ölçüt örnekleme yöntemi ve kolay ulaşılabilir örnekleme yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Örnekleme yönteminde belirlenen ölçüt ise, araştırmaya katılan okul öncesi öğretmenlerinin en az bir yarı yıl en az bir mülteci öğrenci ile çalışmış olmasıdır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme kullanılmıştır. Literatür taramasının ardından oluşturulan görüşme soruları, uzman görüşüne sunulmuş ve ardından pilot bir görüşme uygulaması yapılmıştır. Daha sonra öğretmenlerle farklı gün ve saatlerde görüşmeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırmada güvenirliği arttırmak için, doğrudan alıntılara ve katılımcı teyidine yer verilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde ise içerik analizi yöntemine başvurulmuş ve araştırmada inandırıcılığın artırılması adına süreçte farklı bir uzman tarafından bir analiz çalışması daha yapılmıştır. Çalışmada öğretmenler ile yapılan görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler sonucunda, mülteci öğrencilerin sınıf ortamında, dil ve kültür farklılığından dolayı uyum sağlayamadıkları, arkadaşlarıyla iletişim kuramadıkları için zorluklarla karşılaştıkları, etkinlikleri anlama ve yönergelere uyma konusunda sorunlar yaşadıkları ortaya çıkmıştır.
ANALISIS PELAPORAN PAJAK PERTAMBAHAN NILAI (PPN) PADA PT. BUMI MITRA BUTON ABADI
Authors: Hasan Waode Adriani
Published: June 2019

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis prosedur pelaporan pajak pertambahan nilai PT. Bumi Mitra Buton Abadi sesuai dengan undang-undang perpajakan yakni Undang-Undang Nomor 42 Tahun 2009. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode analisis deskriptif kualitatif.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa prosedur pelaporan pajak pertambahan nilai pada PT. Bumi Mitra Buton Abadi pada tahun 2014 dan 2015 belum menaati prosedur pelaporan yakni terlapor kosong ( 0 ) dan tanggal pelaporan dilakukan di tahun 2016. Namun pada tahun 2016 PT. Bumi Mitra Buton Abadi melakukan prosedur pelaporan dengan benar. Akibat kesalahan di tahun 2014 dan 2015 PT. Bumi Mitra Buton Abadi mendapat sanksi pajak berupa pemeriksaan. Sanksi yang didapat oleh PT. Bumi Mitra Buton Abadi dapat terampuni dengan memanfaatkan program tax amnesty atau pengampunan pajak pada tahap pertama yang diadakan oleh pemerintah.
BIAYA STANDAR SEBAGAI ALAT PENGENDALIAN BIAYA PRODUKSI PADA USAHA PAVING BLOCK CV. BATAKO ANUGERAH BAUBAU
Authors: Ridzal Nining Asniar
Published: June 2019

Setiap perusahaan dalam operasinya mengharapkan keuntungan yang optimal. Untuk itu diperlukan pengorbanan biaya. Agar pengeluaran biaya ini efektif maka harus ada pengendalian biaya. Salah satu alat pengendalian biaya yang dapat digunakan adalah sistem biaya standar. Dengan sistem biaya standar, maka penyimpangan biaya yang terjadi akan mudah dianalisis. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui jumlah selisih antara biaya standar yang ditetapkan oleh perusahaan dengan biaya yang sesungguhnya terjadi. Analisis data menggunakan analisis varians. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dapat disimpulkan bahwa pada analisis varians biaya bahan baku, biaya tenaga kerja, dan biaya overhead pabrik menunjukkan adanya selisih lebih, karena biaya standar lebih tinggi dari biaya sesungguhnya. Untuk menghindari terjadinya pemborosan dan persediaan yang menumpuk, maka disarankan agar pihak manajemen dalam melakukan pembelian dan pemakaian bahan baku, pemakaian tenaga kerja, dan overhead pabrik perlu pengawasan yang lebih efektif dan dalam penetapan biaya standar tetap memperhitungkan biaya-biaya historis.
ANALISIS PENERAPAN E-FAKTUR DAN E-NOFA PADA PT. RAJAWALI PROPERTY JAYA
Authors: Hasrul.A La ode Muhammad
Published: June 2019

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui penerapan e-Faktur dan e-Nofa dan kendala apa yang dihadapi Pengusaha Kena Pajak. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini diharapkan berguna sebagai bahan informasi bagi kalangan akademisi dan sebagai bahan masukan bagi para pengambil keputusan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode analisis data statistik deskriptif. Sumber data diperoleh dari dokumentasi, wawancara dan observasi pada PT. Rajawali Property Jaya. Hasil dari penelitian ini yaitu penerapan e-Faktur dalam pembuatan faktur pajak pada perusahaan sudah berjalan dengan baik, peneliti menemukan penerapan e-nofa memiliki keunggulan serta kelemahan. Keunggulannya antara lain yaitu lebih tertib adminitrasi dibandingkan dengan sebelum penerapan serta dapat meminimalisir terjadinya kecurangan seperti penerbitan faktur pajak fiktif dan faktur pajak nomor berganda. Sedangkan kelemahan dari penerapan e-nofa adalah yaitu koneksi internet dan ketergantungan dengan jaringan internet sedangkan penyebaran internet masih belum merata secara nasional, sehingga dalam membuat faktur pajak harus memiliki koneksi internet terlebih dahulu, sehingga ruang gerak perusahaan agak terbatas untuk membuat dan mencetak faktur pajak
Análisis de los factores críticos de vigilancia para la competitividad de una empresa de base tecnológica
Authors: Sepúlveda Aguirre Jovany , Quirama Uvenny , Arboleda Jaramillo Carlos Augusto , Pérez Sánchez Elkin Olaguer
Published: June 2019

En los últimos años se ha asociado e incorporado, de manera acertada, el conocimiento a la competitividad y a la economía empresarial, lo que ha exigido que se preste especial atención a los cambios en el entorno, y al tratamiento y análisis que se le debe dar a la información, para la toma de decisiones estratégicas al interior de las organizaciones. Así las cosas, el objetivo de este artículo es realizar el análisis de los factores críticos de vigilancia para la generación de conocimiento estratégico y la competitividad empresarial, tomando como base un estudio de caso, aplicado en la esfera de una empresa de base tecnológica. En el análisis realizado, y haciendo uso de la vigilancia tecnológica, se pudieron establecer los factores externos más importantes para la sostenibilidad de la empresa, y que se convierten en elementos a intervenir en el corto y mediano plazo. Se concluyó que la empresa debe realizar procesos de vigilancia y renovación de sus factores críticos, con continua observancia, de manera que le permita adelantarse a sus competidores y conocer las tendencias en el mercado objeto de la empresa.
Integration of Ukraine and the cis countries into the European scientific space: experience of participation in EU framework programs
Authors: Kavunenko L.P. , Chernohaieva O.H. , Vashulenko O.S.
Published: June 2019

The article discusses the results of a study on the participation of research organizations, universities, small and medium-sized enterprises in Ukraine and the CIS countries in the framework programs of the EU to integrate into the European scientific space. Based on the research and development information system (CORDIS), data were collected, processed and analyzed on the participation of scientists, specialists and business representatives of Ukraine and the CIS countries in EU international projects. A comparative analysis of the participation of the CIS countries in the framework of programs has been made. Particular attention is paid to the participation of Ukraine in the program “Horizon 2020”. Examples of participation of Ukrainian organizations in it are given. In the course of the research, it was revealed that almost a third of the projects that Ukrainian participants are performing involved several organizations from Ukraine. Compared to previous programs, the peculiarity of the Horizon 2020 program in comparison with previous programs is the active participation of business, public organizations and associations, as well as other non-governmental institutions. These organizations make up 45% of the total number of Ukrainian organizations that received grants in the “Horizon 2020”. The study showed that Ukraine is also one of the active participants in the international projects of the Horizon 2020 program as a participant. Participation in the program allows you to attract high-tech industries of Ukraine for projects and receive orders for the creation of innovative products
BUDGET AND FISCAL POLICIES’ MODERNIZATION AS A FACTOR OF NATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS INCREASE (THE CASE OF UKRAINE)
Authors: Holynskyy Yuriy , Onyusheva Irina
Published: June 2019

Ukraine's economy, as compared to other neighbouring European countries, is lagging behind. Unstable political situation, significant tax pressure, various administrative barriers, complexity of tax administration and with obtaining permits, technical regulation, certification and standardization, frequent sudden inspections by state control bodies, limited opportunities for the use of financial and credit resources, weakness of material, technical, financial, managerial and personnel components of business entities – all these factors do not promote the entrepreneurial initiative in this country. The key precondition for rising the prosperity level raising and effective social and economic development is strengthening the competitiveness of the national economy through the coordinated work of the state and its budget and fiscal institutions. This study reveals the theory and the methodology of the formation and implementation of fiscal policy in Ukraine. Peculiarities in the development of the entrepreneurial environment in Ukraine are analysed and fiscal mechanisms are defined with the purpose of activating further entrepreneurship development.
PURCHASE BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC SEAFOOD CONSUMERS IN VIETNAM
Authors: Duy Binh Tran , Ai Tran Huu
Published: June 2019

Consumers make buying decisions according to specific market conditions and also to various attribute of the product, namely, the specie, the form, and the place of purchasing, product size and its quality. The results of the consumption surveys reveal that consumers perceive fish as a rather safe food, and also as healthy and nutritious food product but seafood consumption varies quite a lot across Vietnam, not only in relation to frequency of consumption but also by types of fish products and types of species preferred in different provinces. Overall, little is known concerning the attitudes and knowledge among Vietnamese people regarding seafood consumption. Therefore, our research aim was to study the consumption habits and preferences of Vietnamese people regarding seafood on the example of the residents in HCM city. The rates of organic seafood consumption and the consumption frequency increase proportionally to the age of consumers.  Most of the respondents (32.16%) consume seafood once a week and they believe they should consume seafood more often. If seafood were more available, many participants (39.45%) state they would consume more seafood
STANDARDIZED ANALYSIS OF THE CROSS-REGIONAL CLUSTERS’ EFFICIENCY (THE CASE OF RUSSIA)
Authors: Elokhova Irina , Kozonogova Elena
Published: June 2019

The processes of disintegration in the 90th of the last century negatively influenced the Russian Federation economic environment. Differentiation of economic activity conditions sustained essential growth. According to experts the total volume of cross-regional economic relations became 4 times lower. Practically the split of economy into export sector and sector working for home market took place. Meanwhile, the achievement of sustainable economic growth, the rise of the country’ competitiveness and transfer to the innovative model of development depends directly on successful overcoming of autarkic tendencies. It requires the reform of cross-regional relations’ system aimed at efficient use of territories competitive advantages both in the interests of definite regions and state in whole. Solution of the defined problems is in the competence of federal and regional authorities interested in transition of the Russian industry into the innovative setup.
MEASURING BRAND VALUE BASED ON CUSTOMER DATA: THE SURVEY FROM SMARTPHONE MARKET IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM
Authors: Ai Tran Huu , Nguyen Le Thị Minh , Dao Hong Mai Thi
Published: June 2019

This study uses structural equation modeling (SEM) to find the correlation between the variables of the brand value model following (David Aaker, 1991) and using the customer data from the survey of 354 customers in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. The results show the impact level of the factors that constitute the brand value of smartphones in general as well as the brand value of particular smartphones. The findings may be found important for building and developing brand strategies by Vietnamese manufacturers and retailers.
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT: THE CASE OF DONG NAI PROVINCE, VIETNAM
Authors: Van Hung Tran , Mai Huong Le Thi
Published: June 2019

The study focuses on analyzing the relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment in Dong Nai. This study is based on the use of time series data collected from Dong Nai Statistical Office during the period 1997-2017 and using the VAR model to analyze this data. The results show there is a two-way relationship between foreign direct investment and economic growth in Dong Nai province. In other words, attracting of foreign investments has a positive impact on economic growth and vice versa. At the same time, the results also show that students and the opening up of the economy have impact on attracting foreign direct investment into the province. Based on the results achieved, the article puts forward some proposals on how to attract FDI in order to contribute to economic growth in Dong Nai.
SATISFACTION WITH SERVICES IN HOMESTAY BUSINESS: THE CASE OF RANONG PROVINCE, THAILAND
Authors: Keawkunti Boonthai
Published: June 2019

This research studies the satisfaction with the homestay services on the example Rayong province. Population of this research consists of tourists, questionnaires were collected randomly from 400 people. Data analysis and processing have been applied using the statistical packages, inter alia, this research operates such notions as percentage, average and standard deviation. After data analysis we have found that: 1) the majority of tourists in our group are male, between 31 and 40 y.o., with a bachelor’s degree, managing own business, with income over 30,000 Baht, intending to come to homestay again in the period of nearest 6-12-months; 2) majority of tourists in our group travel on average about 1-2 times a year, selecting a homestay in a city, the key reason for this choice being to save around 1,000-2,000 Baht per person per night. From a homestay venue, the tourists usually need such services as computer, Internet and taking them to sightseeing sites. In the second part of our research we also measured satisfaction with the homestay services using several sets of the related variables.
THE ISSUE OF PRICING POLICY IN OIL AND GAS SECTOR: WHY OIL PRICES ARE RISING
Authors: Onyusheva Irina , Khaing Phyu Phyu , Aung Noe Noe
Published: June 2019

The given article is dedicated to the current issues of pricing policy in the oil & gas sector. Particularly, it studies the factors, causes and consequences of oil prices rising. The research methodology of this paper is comparative analysis of the existing patterns of macroeconomic development, political differences and social issues within the global oil and gas industry providers. The given analysis is based on SWOT, PESTLE, cause-effect modeling, risk management techniques, as well as the five forces model by M. Porter detecting competitive advantages of the related countries. The authors also consider possible solutions and provide recommendations on how to improve the current global economic situation in the given field.
CREATION OF THE COMPETENCES AND GOOD PEOPLE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES
Authors: Nookhong Jarumon
Published: June 2019

The adapt ability through innovation has been one of the factors for companies to reposition themselves in the market. They are turning their eyes to people management, with the intention that the relationship between employees and company is exchange, in addition to established processes of innovation. Thus, if the employees provide the delivery of competence, the other is promoted to satisfaction by delivery. Therefore, the article aims to identify the contributions of People Management in the Innovation Process. For this, a systematic search was made in the Web of Science (WoS) database. In the end, it was pointed out that studies that deal with the relationship between innovation and people management are still recent and scarce, but the strategic people management importance is recognized to maintain the human potential balance, of organizational knowledge.
FEATURES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF FINANCIAL POLICY OF RUSSIAN COMPANIES IN MODERN CONDITIONS
Authors: Keri Igor , Gromova Elena , Sinelschikova Nadezhda
Published: June 2019

The study includes proposals regarding the development of rational financial policies by Russian companies in modern conditions. The authors have identified the following areas of difficulty: sales, the deficit and availability of financial resources and investment for development and distribution, instability of external conditions.

Changes in price policies, optimization of components and volume of trade receivables accounts are some of the suggested ways of improving a company’s sales. The solution to the lack of financial resources for a company’s investment development can be determined by selecting the more effective forms of financing. The authors point out the  limitations of investment activities financing under conditions of import substitution while suggesting a composition of indicators of innovation activity.

The study states that the state faces the challenge of creating favourable conditions for improving the financial stability of companies. The authors suggest measures aimed at perfecting the mechanisms of governmental financial policies.
Rapid chromosomal evolution in enigmatic mammal with XX in both sexes, the Alay mole vole Ellobius alaicus Vorontsov et al., 1969 (Mammalia, Rodentia)
Authors: Bakloushinskaya Irina , Lyapunova Elena A. , Saidov Abdusattor S. , Romanenko Svetlana A. , O’Brien Patricia C.M. , Serdyukova Natalia A. , Ferguson-Smith Malcolm A. , Matveevsky Sergey N. , Bogdanov Aleksey S.
Published: June 2019

Evolutionary history and taxonomic position for cryptic species may be clarified by using molecular and cytogenetic methods. The subterranean rodent, the Alay mole voleEllobiusalaicusVorontsov et al., 1969 is one of three sibling species constituting the subgenus Ellobius Fischer, 1814, all of which lost the Y chromosome and obtained isomorphic XX sex chromosomes in both males and females.E.alaicusis evaluated by IUCN as a data deficient species because their distribution, biology, and genetics are almost unknown. We revealed specific karyotypic variability (2n = 52–48) inE.alaicusdue to different Robertsonian translocations (Rbs). Two variants of hybrids (2n = 53, different Rbs) withE.tancreiBlasius, 1884 were found at the Northern slopes of the Alay Ridge and in the Naryn district, Kyrgyzstan. We described the sudden change in chromosome numbers from 2n = 50 to 48 and specific karyotype structure for mole voles, which inhabit the entrance to the Alay Valley (Tajikistan), and revealed their affiliation asE.alaicusby cytochromeband fragments of nuclearXISTandRspo1genes sequencing. To date, it is possible to expand the range ofE.alaicusfrom the Alay Valley (South Kyrgyzstan) up to the Ferghana Ridge and the Naryn Basin, Tien Shan at the north-east and to the Pamir-Alay Mountains (Tajikistan) at the west. The closeness ofE.tancreiandE.alaicusis supported, whereas specific chromosome and molecular changes, as well as geographic distribution, verified the species status forE.alaicus. The case ofEllobiusspecies accented an unevenness in rates of chromosome and nucleotide changes along with morphological similarity, which is emblematic for cryptic species.
Translocations of European ground squirrel (Spermophilus citellus) along altitudinal gradient in Bulgaria – an overview
Authors: Koshev Yordan , Kachamakova Maria , Arangelov Simeon , Ragyov Dimitar
Published: June 2019

The European ground squirrel (Spermophiluscitellus) is a vulnerable species (IUCN) living in open habitats of Central and South-eastern Europe. Translocations (introductions, reintroductions and reinforcements) are commonly used as part of the European ground squirrel (EGS) conservation. There are numerous publications for such activities carried out in Central Europe, but data from South-eastern Europe, where translocations have also been implemented, are still scarce.

The present study summarises the methodologies used in the translocations in Bulgaria and analyses the factors impacting their success. Eight translocations of more than 1730 individuals were performed in the period 2010 to 2018. These included 4 reinforcements, 3 reintroductions and 1 introduction. Two of the translocations are still ongoing. Five of the completed six (83%) translocations were successful, although in two cases the number of individuals was critically low. The relatively higher success in Bulgaria than in Central Europe is probably due to using the gained experience. Most of the translocations (6) used a soft release approach. In 6 cases, the animals settled 100 to 720 metres away from the release site, implying management and protection of suitable habitat beyond the translocation area. In 7 of the translocations, the altitude between the donor colony and the release site varied from 470 to 1320 m which could have a hindering effect on the adaptation of animals due to the specific conditions in the mountains. The main reasons for failure are probably poorly selected and maintained habitats and bad climatic conditions (rainy and cool weather) during the translocation action. European funds are of critical importance for translocations, with only two translocations funded by other sources. Based on the gathered data, the current paper also gives some recommendations for improvement in translocation activities.
Two alternative evaluation metrics to replace the true skill statistic in the assessment of species distribution models
Authors: Wunderlich Rainer Ferdinand , Lin Yu-Pin , Anthony Johnathen , Petway Joy R.
Published: June 2019

Model evaluation metrics play a critical role in the selection of adequate species distribution models for conservation and for any application of species distribution modelling (SDM) in general. The responses of these metrics to modelling conditions, however, are rarely taken into account. This leads to inadequate model selection, downstream analyses and uniformed decisions. To aid modellers in critically assessing modelling conditions when choosing and interpreting model evaluation metrics, we analysed the responses of the True Skill Statistic (TSS) under a variety of presence-background modelling conditions using purely theoretical scenarios. We then compared these responses with those of two evaluation metrics commonly applied in the field of meteorology which have potential for use in SDM: the Odds Ratio Skill Score (ORSS) and the Symmetric Extremal Dependence Index (SEDI). We demonstrate that (1) large cell number totals in the confusion matrix, which is strongly biased towards ‘true’ absences in presence-background SDM and (2) low prevalence both compromise model evaluation with TSS. This is since (1) TSS fails to differentiate useful from random models at extreme prevalence levels if the confusion matrix cell number total exceeds ~30,000 cells and (2) TSS converges to hit rate (sensitivity) when prevalence is lower than ~2.5%. We conclude that SEDI is optimal for most presence-background SDM initiatives. Further, ORSS may provide a better alternative if absence data are available or if equal error weighting is strictly required.
L’impact du suicide d’un client
Authors: Baba Neal Silvia , Blondel Agnès
Published: June 2019

Cet article propose un récit personnel sur la perte, la survie, et l’apprentissage professionnel qui suit le suicide d’un client. L’histoire même du thérapeute est tissée de recherches sur la construction du clinicien-survivant-du-suicide. On abordera certains aspects de supervision et de formation, en particulier l’importance d’apprendre à apprécier le danger et la démystification de la psychothérapie grâce au partage d’histoires d’échec et de perte.
Heurts et douleur dans la relation de soin
Authors: Loehlé Christian
Published: June 2019

Peut-être sommes-nous tous d’accord pour affirmer que notre vulnérabilité, comme nous dit notre auteur, est « inhérente à notre condition d’être humain et indispensable à notre travail », mais nous sommes-nous demandé ce que nous faisions de ces douleurs que pathologies ou transfert n’expliquent pas ? Les accueillons-nous ? Luttons-nous contre elles ? Comment ?… Subtil alliage d’AT et de spiritualité propre à son chemin, Christian Loehle nous guide dans l’exploration de ces douleurs tantôt discrètes, tantôt moins discrètes, dans un chemin passionnant. C’est avec une belle profondeur qu’il nous permet de saisir comment en faire une force tant pour le client que pour nous-mêmes. BE
Influencia del calor de entrada sobre el comportamiento a la fractura dúctil Charpy de la ZAC recalentada en uniones soldadas multipasos GMAW en acero HSLA utilizando análisis fractográfico digital
Authors: Vargas-Arista Benjamín , Mendoza-Camargo Oscar , Zaragoza-Rivera Irineo P. , Medina-Flores Ariosto , Cuevas-Salgado Alberto , Garfias-García Elizabeth , García-Vázquez Felipe
Published: June 2019

El efecto del calor de entrada sobre el comportamiento a la fractura de la zona afectada por el calor recalentada en uniones soldadas multipasos de acero ASTM A633 fue evaluado mediante la prueba de impacto, fractografía, microscopia electrónica de barrido y procesamiento digital de imágenes. Los resultados de impacto indicaron una reducción en la energía Charpy como función de la velocidad de alimentación de alambre, lo cual se confirmó mediante fractografias después del procesamiento digital de imágenes que mostraron una reducción en la fracción volumétrica de microhoyuelos en la fractura dúctil acompañada del incremento en la rapidez de alimentación, favoreciendo la fractura frágil con facetas de clivaje transgranular conteniendo marcas de rio. La fracción mínima de microhuecos y el tamaño más largo de facetas mostrando un mayor número de patrones de rio fueron encontrados a la máxima rapidez de alimentación de 200 mm·s-1. La microestructura heterogénea de la zona afectada por el calor formada por una red de ferrita acicular fina rodeada por ferrita aliotromorfica mostro que el incremento en la rapidez de alimentación indujo un refinamiento de grano por la formación de ferrita acicular, lo cual se relacionó con el deterioro de la energía absorbida y fractura frágil.
Packet Warriors: An Academic Mobile Action Game for Promoting OSI Model Concepts to Learners
Authors: Uiphanit Thanakorn , Bhattarakosol Pattarasinee , Suanpong Kwanrat , Iamsupasit Sompoch
Published: June 2019

This research aims to develop a game to teach the theoretical concepts of the OSI reference model to students who must learn data communication and networking as a compulsory or an elective subject. The survey was administered to most students at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University by a questionnaire to assess a suitable game for students of this generation. The result showed that action games are the most popular game for them. Then, a script of the OSI reference model was drawn based on the theoretical contents and the software design and implementation were performed. After finishing this development process, 19 third-year undergraduate students majoring in information sciences at Suan Sunandha Rajabhat University tested this system. The evaluation process was performed using pretest and posttest data analyzed by a paired samples t-test at a 95% confidence level. The result of this study shows that the action game ‘Packet Warrior’ is an efficient tool to help students improve their learning capabilities via fun and good relationships with friends. 
Gender Differences in Perceptions of Conventional Video, Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality
Authors: Dirin Amir , Alamäki Ari , Suomala Jyrki
Published: June 2019

Abstract--The user’s emotional involvement plays an important role in adopting new technologies. The level of engagement with and adoption of new digital applications depends on various personal, contextual, and emotional factors. In our study, we assessed the personal factors, such as gender differences, of perceiving and adopting technologies such as virtual reality (VR), augmented reality (AR), and conventional video. Furthermore, we assessed what kind of emotions are involved in and invoked by the context of new technologies. This is a quantitative study in which students were asked to perform experiments on VR, AR, and conventional videos. After the experiments, participants were asked to fill out a predefined survey about their emotional reactions to the experiments. The results show, unlike the prior research, that female participants were more enthusiastic about the usage of new technologies than males. The user experience of VR, AR and conventional videos triggered more positive emotions among females than males. For practitioners, the results  suggest that the audio-visual technologies could engage more females than males. For academics, this study provides further research on how to trigger users to adopt new audio-visual technologies.
An Innovative Study of E-Payment Systems Adoption in Higher Education: Theoretical Constructs and Empirical Analysis
Authors: Salloum Said A. , Al-Emran Mostafa , Khalaf Rifat , Habes Mohammed , Shaalan Khaled
Published: June 2019

Examining the adoption of e-payment systems is not a new research topic. Nevertheless, studying the factors affecting the adoption of e-payment systems in higher educational institutions is a new research trend. Thus, this study is considered one of the few that attempts to investigate the factors affecting the e-payment systems adoption in six different universities in the United Arab of Emirates (UAE). A total number of 289 students took part in the study. This study proposed a new research model in which the students’ intention to use the e-payment systems are affected by five different factors including perceived benefit, performance expectancy, perceived risk, perceived security/privacy, and trust. The partial least squares-structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) approach was used to validate the research model. The empirical results suggested that perceived benefit and performance expectancy have a significant positive relationship with the students’ intention to use e-payment systems, whereas perceived security/privacy and perceived risk exhibited a significant negative relationship. However, the results triggered out that trust has an insignificant relationship with the students’ intention to use e-payment systems. The results acquired from this research provide a fresh and an up-to-date information on the e-payment systems adoption in the higher educational institutions.
Is Dolly Varden in Arctic Alaska Increasing in Length in a Warming Climate?
Authors: Courtney Michael B. , DeSanto Harrison , Seitz Andrew C.
Published: June 2019

The body condition, abundance, and size of several vertebrate taxa occupying the Alaskan and Canadian Arctic have increased in this rapidly changing environment. Presently, anecdotal stakeholder reports suggest that anadromous populations of Dolly Varden Salvelinus malma in Arctic Alaska are attaining greater maximum sizes than reported in the past. However, growth analyses have not been conducted for any substantial period of time. To qualitatively examine one facet of growth, we reviewed scientific journal articles, gray literature, and unpublished data for reported maximum lengths of Dolly Varden from the Chukchi and Beaufort seas collected over the past ∼50 y (1969–2015). Regression analyses of maximum length of Dolly Varden from 1969 to 2015 support the observations that the maximum size of this species is likely increasing in a changing Arctic. These results, coupled with the lack of comprehensive growth data, highlight the importance of long-term monitoring of organismal responses to a changing environment and provide valuable direction for future research on this important subsistence resource for Indigenous peoples who inhabit the Arctic.
Oil revenue and manufacturing sector growth in Africa’s oil-exporting countries
Authors: Omolade Adeleke , Ngalawa Harold
Published: June 2019

The study examines the impact of oil revenue on the growth of the manufacturing sector in Africa’s oil-exporting countries. It focuses on six major net oil-exporters in Africa, namely: Nigeria, Algeria, Sudan, Gabon, Cameroon and Egypt. Both static and dynamic panel data techniques are used to explore the effects of oil on the manufacturing sector of the countries between 1970 and 2010. The findings of the study show that the six countries do not exhibit significant country-specific effects, and the existence of Dutch disease is confirmed. The negative relationship between oil and manufacturing sector growth, which might be regarded as a symptom of the presence of Dutch disease, is significant in the panel dynamic model while it is not in the static model. The study also reveals that there is a dearth of capital formation in the six countries’ manufacturing sectors. It is further shown that the more capital-intensive the manufacturing sector is, the less the negative effect of the oil sector’s dominance. It is recommended that these countries should restructure their oil sector in such a way that proceeds from oil are largely utilised for more investment in the manufacturing sector.
Limiting collusion in the construction industry: A review of the bid-rigging settlement in South Africa
Authors: Ratshisusu Hardin
Published: June 2019

This paper undertakes a critical case analysis of the process and outcomes of the Competition Commission (CCSA) Fast Track Construction Settlement Project relative to the mandates of the CCSA and the Construction Industry Development Board (CIDB). The study reviews the information from the CCSA’s settlements, analysing the breakdown by private and public projects, type of project and the nature of bid-rigging. It provides an assessment of the practices involved and considers the cooperation that is required for the successful implementation of large infrastructure projects and how these can be organized in a way that ensures rivalry while enabling co-operation. The paper further reviews the barriers to entry, and the complementary measures that can be taken to ensure greater effective rivalry and participation. Interventions that could be necessary at the regulatory, procurement and firm level to ensure that the construction sector charts a new sustainable competitive path are highlighted.
An institutional analysis of the International Trade Administration Commission of South Africa
Authors: Tregenna Fiona , Kwaramba Marko
Published: June 2019

This article analyses the role and capacity of the International Trade Administration Commission of South Africa (ITAC), focusing on ITAC’s tariff investigation function. ITAC’s institutional setting is compared to that in other developing countries. An assessment of legal challenges to ITAC decisions shows that the proportion of ITAC’s decisions overturned by the courts has declined over time, suggesting increased robustness of these decisions. ITAC’s current human resources and capacity-building are reviewed. Key institutional issues are discussed and policy recommendations put forward concerning: the appropriate institutional location for tariff-investigations; the current positioning of ITAC under two departments; co-operation between ITAC and other institutions; the strengthening of reciprocity commitments; the role and capacity of part-time Commissioners; the duration of tariff investigations; joint capacity-building among the economic regulators; the extent to which research at ITAC should be undertaken in-house; economics and inspections capacity at ITAC; and the grading of positions at ITAC.
Measuring the effect of the national credit act on indebtedness in South Africa
Authors: De Wet Shaun , Botha Ilse , Booyens Marno
Published: June 2019

South Africa continues to exhibit high levels of debt-to-disposable income along with a high number of impaired credit records. The National Credit Act No. 34 of 2005 (NCA) was established in order to address these high levels. This study expands the limited research by investigating the NCA’s ability to reduce levels of over-indebtedness. The study employed quarterly data (2001-2013) in an OLS regression model in order to establish the determinants of over-indebtedness and assess the impact of the NCA. It was found that the macro-economic variables GDP, prime rate, property prices, consumer consumption expenditure, debt-to-disposable income and the level of unemployment were major contributors to the level of over-indebtedness. The NCA proved to have a positive significant effect on the levels of over-indebtedness, indicating that the NCA had not succeeded in its purpose of reducing the vulnerability of consumers to becoming over-indebted. The results suggest that the affordability assessment of the NCA must be improved in order to conduct a form of credit stress testing on consumers during their application for credit.
Who provides corporate social responsibility (CSR) assurance and what are the implications of the various assurance practices?
Authors: Ackers Barry
Published: June 2019

Independent assurance improves the credibility of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosures by providing stakeholders with confidence about the veracity of CSR disclosures and attempts to ameliorate the risk of unscrupulous companies falsely reporting their CSR performance. This article establishes the prevalence of CSR assurance by the 200 largest JSE-listed companies for the period ended 2011/2 (the year after King III became effective), in terms of the assurance provider, the assurance standards, the assurance report components and assurance opinions. Within this context, this article specifically focuses on the role of the audit profession. The article concludes that the rate of growth in CSR assurance by auditors is surpassed by that of non-auditor assurance providers. Whereas reporting companies may use auditors for CSR assurance due to the perceived credibility and strong brands of the auditing profession, enhanced by rigorous assurance methodologies, they may use non-auditor assurance providers due to the higher assurance levels provided and reduced costs.
Enhancing risk-related disclosure in South Africa: a study on guidelines and current practices
Authors: Enslin Zack , Bruwer Wilna , Viljoen Christa
Published: June 2019

Investors partake in the risk of a company, in expectation of a return on investment which is in accordance with the company’s risk profile. Due to recent corporate failures, which are partly attributable to insufficient risk management, a call by investors for enhanced risk-related disclosure resulted in the publication of various international standards and guidelines on best practices for risk disclosure. This study compiled a disclosure index from these standards and guidelines in order to serve as a disclosure-enhancing tool for the management of South African companies. This index was subsequently used to investigate current practices exhibited by top listed companies in South Africa. Disclosure practices by these companies indicate that there is scope for improvement in risk- and risk-management-related disclosure by these companies.
The beneficial owner of dividend income received by a discretionary trust
Authors: Engelbrecht Waldette
Published: June 2019

In terms of the new Dividends Tax, which came into effect on 1 April 2012, Dividends Tax may be the liability of the beneficial owner of the dividend. This makes it important to correctly identify the beneficial owner. The term beneficial owner is specifically defined in section 64D of the Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 as ‘the person entitled to the benefit of the dividend attaching to the share’, yet a distinct difference remains between the legal ownership and economic ownership of the share. Within a South African context, determining the beneficial owner within a discretionary trust might be problematic. The trustees are the legal owners of the shares, whilst the beneficiaries might be the economic owners of the shares. Further, consideration has to be given to the timing of the dividend distribution. This article formulates steps to determine which person is entitled to the benefit of the dividend attached to the share.