bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Decreased Expression of HLA‐DR Antigens on Peripheral Blood B Lymphocytes during Glucocorticoid Treatment
Authors: Madsen Melvin , Kissmeyer‐Nielsen Flemming , Rasmussen Peter , Andersen Paul
Published: July 2010

In 18 patients the expression of HLA‐A, B, C and ‐DR antigens on peripheral blood T and B lymphocytes (PBTL and PBBL) was assessed using the lymphocytotoxic microtechnique before and during glucocorticoid administration. During steroid treatment we found a significant reduction in the reactivity of PBBL to allogeneic specific anti HLA‐DR antisera as well as a xenogeneic multispecific anti HLA‐DR antiserum, corresponding to approx. 1–2 dilution steps. In contrast, the reactivity of both PBBL and PBTL to allogeneic anti HLA‐A, B, C antisera and anti β2‐microglobulin was unaffected during the treatment.

Membrane marker studies of the isolated PBBL and PBTL showed no differences in the relative distribution of mononuclear cell subpopulations before and during treatment, which seems to exclude extravascular redistribution of particular HLA‐DR positive lymphocyte or monocyte subsets during steroid administration as an explanation for the finding.

Incubation of isolated normal PBBL with dexamethasone under various conditions did not affect the reactivity of these cells to anti HLA‐DR antisera. Furthermore, preliminary experiments gave no indication of decreased rate of HLA‐DR antigen synthesis in the presence of dexamethasone in vitro.

Thus, we conclude that glucocorticoid administration in vivo decreases the expression of HLA‐DR antigens on PBBL, possibly in an indirect way, the mechanism of which is still unknown.
Behçs Disease: Lack of Correlation of Clinical Manifestations with HLA Antigens
Authors: Müftuüǧlu AsumanÜ. , Yazici H. , Yurdakul S. , Pazarli H. , ÖZyazgan Y. , Tüzün Y. , Altaçl M. , Yalçlin Birsen
Published: July 2010

It has been suggested that certain tissue types are associated with different clinical manifestations of Behçet's disease in Japan and England. Regional differences in the associations between HLA antigens and Behjet's disease have been established. We tissue typed 119 patients with Beliefs disease in Istanbul and attempted to correlate various clinical manifestations with HLA antigens. The frequency of only one tissue antigen, HLA‐B5, was found to be increased in these series. HLA‐B5 was present in 94 of 119 patients (77%) compared to 89 of 268 controls (33%), P < 0.0001, ARR = 6.79. Age of onset, sex, incidences of ocular disease, arthritis, thrombophlebitis and erythema nodosum did not show any positive or negative associations with any of the alleles tested.
HLA Dependence of Sensitivity to Nickel and Chromium
Authors: Kapoor‐Pillarisetti Aamarjit , Mowbray James F. , Brostoff Jonathan , Cronin Etain A.
Published: July 2010

A group of patients with cutaneous sensitivity was compared with another group with cement dermatitis who showed sensitivity to chromate. HLA typing for A and B locus antigens demonstrated a 29% incidence of B21 in the nickel sensitive group (control population 4.9%) and the antigen was not found in 16 patients with chromium sensitivity. It is suggested that this may represent a hapten specific HLA dependent immune response in man.
Functional Cell Mediated Lympholysis I. Description of the Assay1,2
Authors: Goeken Nancy E. , Thompson John S.
Published: July 2010

The anamnestic response by human bi‐directional (BD) mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) to restimulation by cells of the original stimulating type is generally strikingly reduced as compared to that of standard one‐way cultures. This difference was shown not to be related to a change in kinetics nor was it due to exhaustion of the media or soluble factors since fresh media did not ameliorate the effect nor were supernatants from BD cultures found to be suppressive. The relative inhibition was also not reversed by removal of the allogeneic cells by phenotype specific antiserum. Cytotoxic tests with donor and responder specific antisera revealed that the cells bearing that phenotype were dramatically reduced in BD as compared to one‐way cultures. Thus, the diminished secondary response appears to be due to cytotoxic elimination of the responder cells. This allogeneic cytotoxicity is dependent on non‐T, phagocytic, adherent cells. The phenomenon is called Functional Cell Mediated Lympholysis (F‐CML).
HLA A and B Locus Antigens in Patients with Unexplained. Hepatitis following Halothane Anaesthesia
Authors: Eade O. E. , Grice D. , Krawitt E. L. , Trowell J. , Albertini R. , Festenstein H. , Wright R.
Published: July 2010

HLA A and B locus antigens were determined in 17 patients who had recovered from unexplained hepatitis following halothane anaesthesia. The greatest deviations from expected frequencies were observed with A1, A11 and BW22, but these differences were not statistically significant when the P values were corrected for the number of antigens tested. Although a larger series might show such deviations to be significantly different, HLA typing is of no predictive value in determining those at risk to hepatitis following repeated halothane exposure.
HLA‐A,B,C gene and haplotype frequencies in the Finnish population
Authors: LOKKI MARJA‐LIISA , JULIN MARJA
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐A,B,C gene and haplotype frequencies calculated by the direct gene counting method from the genotypes of 550 unrelated Finns are reported. The typings were done during the years 1978‐1980. The delta values are given for the HLA‐A,B and B,C haplotypes. Some comparisons between Finns and other European populations are stated.
HLA‐DR antigens in rheumatoid arthritis in North India
Authors: MEHRA N. K. , VAIDYA M. C. , TANEJA V. , AGARWAL A. , MALAVIYA A. N.
Published: July 2010

A study of 40 patients of classical or definite rheumatoid arthritis of North India origin diagnosed on ARA criteria revealed a significant increase in the frequency of HLA‐DR4 (70%) as compared to the control population (1 2.5%) giving a relative risk of 16.33. Thus, in the native North Indian population, the genes for susceptibility to RA seem to be in linkage disequilibrium with the same DR determinant as in the white Caucasoid population.
HLA‐D “BG” in Israel
Authors: Oksenberg J. , Amar A. , Cohen N. , Grosse‐Wilde H. , Cohen I. , Sharon R. , Nelken D. , Brautbar C.
Published: July 2010

An homozygous typing cell for a local HLA‐D determinant “BG”, defined by family study, is described.

HLA‐D “BG” recognizes a specificity identical to the Japanese HLA‐DHO (Dw12). Two families and 102 randomly selected healthy Israeli individuals were typed for the HLA‐D “BG” determinant. HLA‐D “BG” showed segregation as a single determinant within families. The gene frequency for this allele was 0.045, compared to the frequency of 0.148 for DHO in Japanese. In the Israeli population “BG” is in strong association with HLA‐Bw52 (joint occurrence = 7.80%) and DR2 (joint occurrence = 8.80%), resembling the data reported for DHO (Dw12) in Japan. The frequency of this allele may partially account for the low frequency of HLA‐Dw2 in the Israeli population.
The HLA‐B12 and ‐B40 cross‐reactive groups and their serological relationships
Authors: Darke C.
Published: July 2010

The serological analysis of 82 broad HLA‐B antisera, produced by pregnancy alone, containing reactivity against HLA‐B 12 and/or B40 positive cells and up to nine additional specificities was performed, using highly selected lymphocyte panels. The HLA typing of 76 of the antiserum donors and 75 of their husbands showed that the antisera were stimulated in response to one of 10 different HLA‐B antigens. It also showed the influence of serum donor HLA‐B antigens on the reaction range of the antiserum produced, as well as significant HLA‐B antigen frequency disturbances within varous groups of the antiserum donors. Fifteen HLA‐B specificities were found to comprise the B12 cross‐reactive group and its related cross‐reactions, with bidirectional cross‐reactivity occurring between Bw44, Bw45, Bw49 and Bw50 (unidirectional between Bw44 and Bw50). Seventeen specificities were observed in the B40 cross‐reactive group and its related crossreactions, with bidirectional cross‐reactivity occurring between Bw41, Bw50, Bw60 and Bw61. Antisera were studied that showed: (1) cross‐reactivity between Bw44, Bw45 and Bw60 stimulated antisera and both subdivisions of the B12 and B40 antigens; (2) cross‐reactivity between B13, Bw44, Bw49, Bw60 and Bw61 stimulated antisera and Bw47; and (3) cross‐reactivity between Bw44, Bw49, Bw60 and Bw61 stimulated antisera and B13, with bidirectional cross‐reactivity occurring between B13, Bw60 and Bw61 and between B13 and Bw44. Bidirectional crossreactivity was also observed between B37 and Bw44 and between B7 and Bw60. HLA‐Bw48 was shown to be included within the reaction range of both B7 and Bw60 stimulated antisera. Preferential cross‐reactivity with one of two antigen subdivisions was extensively observed and occurred exclusively between antigens of the same Bw4/Bw6 association as the antiserum stimulating specificity. The results are discussed within the framework of the existence of multiple shared antigenic determinants.
The Muckle‐Wells syndrome and the major histocompatibility complex
Authors: Hedon V. , Kaplan C. , Vaudour G. , Muller J. Y.
Published: July 2010

The members of a family affected by the Muckle Wells syndrome were typed for HLA‐A, B antigens. No close linkage was found with the major histocompatibility complex.
Statistical aspects of measuring the strength of associations between HLA antigens and diseases
Authors: Thomson Glenys , Motro Uzi , Selvin Steve
Published: July 2010

It will be demonstrated that the δ measure (attributable risk) of Bengtsson & Thomson (1982) can be used in a wide variety of cases to determine which of a number of HLA antigens associated with a particular disease allele has the strongest genetic association. Tests of significance and confidence intervals for the δ measure will be discussed.
HLA and keratoconus
Authors: Klouda P. T. , Syrbopoulos E. K. , Entwistle C. C. , Goffin R. B. , Easty D. L. , Bradley B. A.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A and ‐B antigens were determined in 64 Caucasoid patients with keratoconus. A highly significant increase in the frequency of HLA‐B5 was found among the patients. Thus keratoconus is the third eye disease after recurrent herpetic keratitis and Behcet's disease showing an association with HLA‐B5.
HLA‐A, B, C and DR antigens in immunoglobulin A deficiency
Authors: Hammarström L. , Smith C. I. E.
Published: July 2010

HLA‐A, B, C and DR typing was performed in 21 unrelated healthy blood donors with selective IgA deficiency (< 0.02 G/l of IgA). A significant increase in HLA A1 (P < 0.05), HLA B8 (P < 0.01) and HLA DR3 (P < 0.001) was found. The frequency of HLA A28 was also increased (P < 0.05). Furthermore, HLA A28 was present in all four donors lacking DR3.
HLA and duodenal ulcer in The Netherlands
Authors: GOEDHARD J. G , BIEMOND I , PEÑA A. S , KREUNING J , SCHREUDER G. M. TH , ROOD J. J. VAN
Published: July 2010

Eighty‐one Dutch patients with a duodenal ulcer (DU) were tested with respect to 24 HLA antigens. There was no significant difference in the distribution of HLA antigens between the DU patients and the controls. However, none of the 22 patients younger than thirty years at the onset of symptoms had HLA‐Bw35, whereas among the 59 patients aged between thirty and eighty at the onset of symptoms, twelve had this antigen.
Specificity of anti‐HLA‐B27 cytotoxic T lymphocytes
Authors: BREUNING MARTIJN H , BREUR BIRGITTA S , ENGELSMA MARIAN Y , HUIS BERT , IVÁNYI PAVOL
Published: July 2010

Sub‐types of HLA‐B27 were detected by cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) generated between HLA‐A, ‐B‐ and ‐C‐identical B27‐positive individuals. We now report the specificity of six independent CTL's generated by mixed lymphocyte culture (MLC) of HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐C serologically identical B27‐positive responder and stimulator cells. Three CTL's recognize one sub‐type, and three the other. The combined reactivity of all CTL's allows unequivocal “typing” of B27‐positive cells for the two different sub‐types B27K and B27W. The specificity of two CTL's was analysed by cold‐target inhibition. The results indicate that (1) no further sub‐types of HLA‐B27 can be detected by the CTL's raised in these combinations; (2) the majority of the CTL's is directed against the B27 antigens; and (3) “extra reactions” on B27‐negative cells are caused by a subset(s) of CTL's recognizing unknown antigens shared between stimulator and target cells.

CTL's raised by stimulation of HLA‐B27‐negative responder cells with B27‐positive cells of either sub‐type lysed all B27‐positive target cells indiscriminately. In cold‐target inhibition, however, B27‐positive cells, carrying the sub‐type of B27 different from that of the stimulator, could not inhibit the lysis of cells bearing the stimulator sub‐type of B27. This indicates the activation, in B27‐negative responders, of at least two different groups of CTL clones, one directed against shared determinants of HLA‐B27, and one against the HLA‐B27 sub‐type. Heterogeneity of the HLA‐B27 antigen may have implications for studies on the well‐known association between this antigen and various diseases.
Identification of four SB antigens by cloned cells: Population studies of Norwegians
Authors: MOEN TOROLF , BRATLIE ANNE , KISS EDITH , BRUSERUD ØYSTEIN , THORSBY ERIK
Published: July 2010

By priming in vitro with allogeneic HLA‐DR compatible and also HLA‐A, B mostly compatible lymphoid cells, PLT cells resulted in recognizing a group of non D/DR allelic antigens provisionally named K, L, M and N. To improve discrimination these bulk primed typing reagents were cloned and expanded. By typing of previously SB typed lymphoblastoid B cell lines (LCL) the provisional specificities could be identified as SB1, 4, 3 and 2, respectively. Typing of 186 unrelated Norwegians gave the following gene frequences: SB1: 0.05, SB2: 0.16, SB3: 0.13, SB4: 0.42 and SB blank: 0.24. No triplets were found, the calculated gene frequencies fit with Hardy‐Weinberg equilibrium, and typing of a B‐DR recombinant family confirmed that the SB locus is situated centromeric to B. Associations between SB and A, B, DR antigens in the same material were generally weak, the most significant associations found were between SB1‐DR3 and SB4‐DR2.
HLA‐A, ‐B, and ‐DR antigens in North African patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma
Authors: Herait P. , Tursz T. , Guillard M. Y. , Hanna K. , Lipinski M. , Micheau C. , Sancho‐Garnier H. , Schwaab G. , Cachin Y. , Degos L. , De The G.
Published: July 2010

Seventy‐six North African patients (most from Algeria) affected with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) have been studied for their HLA‐A, ‐B and ‐DR phenotypes and compared with a control North African population.

Antigens HLA‐A3, HLA‐B5 and HLA‐Bw15 were found more frequently in the NPC group than in the control group (30.3% vs 17.6%, 38.2% vs 24.4% and 9.2% vs 0.8%, respectively). HLA‐Aw33, HLA‐B14 and HLA‐DR4 were less frequent in the patients than in the controls (3.9% vs 16.8%, 1.3% vs 16% and 13.2% vs 29.1%, respectively). After correction for the number of specificities tested, these differences were not statistically significant. They were, however, more striking when compared to normal Kabyles (Algerian Berbers), a major ethnical population in Algeria, with lower incidences of the HLA‐B5 antigen and of the HLA‐Aw33‐B14 haplotype. This could suggest, in North Africa, either the existence of MHC‐linked genes of resistance or susceptibility to NPC, in Berbers especially, or a preferential occurrence of NPC in non‐Berbers.

Antibody titers against the Epstein‐Barr virus (EBV) associated early antigen (EA) and viral capsid antigen (VCA) have been measured. No correlation was observed between HLA phenotypes and the anti‐EBV serological response of the patients.
Autoantibodies, immune complexes and HLA‐D in thyrogastric autoimmunity
Authors: Feldt‐Rasmussen U. , Bech K. , Bliddal H. , Høier‐Madsen M. , Jørgensen F. , Kappelgaard E. , Nielsen H. , Nielsen J. Lanng , Ryder L. P. , Thomsen M.
Published: July 2010

Forty‐one patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) and 82 with Pernicious anaemia (PA) were investigated. All 123 patients were HLA‐D typed and results correlated to thyroglobulin antibodies (TgAb), microsomal antibodies (MAb), parietal cell antibodies (PCA), circulating immune complexes (IC), and intrinsic factor antibodies (IFA).

In PA, TgAb was found less frequently in Dw2 positive patients than in Dw2 negative patients. IFA was rarely found in Dw5 positive PA patients. In HT, patients positive for Dw5 had lower levels of TgAb. IC were present in 67% of patients with HT, but only in 2.5% of patients with PA (p < 0.01). Dw5 was associated with low levels of IC in HT.

In conclusion, HT and PA seem to be related by their association with HLA‐D types, but a heterogeneity in the pattern of antibodies and IC could be seen. The organ specific antibodies characteristic for each disease were present in lower levels in patients with Dw5.
Exclusion of a tight linkage between familial polyposis coli and HLA
Authors: Raffoux C. , Demenais F. , Dupré N. , Feingold N. , Streiff F.
Published: July 2010

Linkage was investigated between a dominant gene determining familial polyposis coli (FPC) and HLA in a large pedigree. A tight linkage was excluded at a value of the recombination fraction between 0 and 5%. Linkage studies with various markers should be pursued to permit detection of high risk individuals and to better understand the phenotypic variability observed in certain polyposis families.
A new polymorphic determinant distinct from but expressed concomitantly with an HLA‐Bw44 specificity
Authors: SPARROW ROSEMARY L. , MCKENZIE IAN F. C.
Published: July 2010

A new antigenic determinant defined by a monoclonal antibody (6.7) is described which displays restricted expression being present only on the cells of the immunizing donor and his father and not on a panel of over one hundred unrelated HLA‐typed cells. The determinant segregated with the HLA haplotypes of the immunizing donor's family and was shown by immunochemical and capping studies to be located on a subpopulation of HLA molecules. Further capping and antibody‐blocking studies using HLA‐typing alloantisera revealed that the 6.7‐reactive determinant was located on the same molecules that expressed the HLA‐Bw44 specificity but was a separate epitope to the polymorphic HLA specificity.
Distribution of HLA‐A,B alleles in 13 panels of blood donors in France
Authors: PREVOST P. , BUSSON M. , MARCELLI‐BARGE A. ,   13 FRANCE‐TRANSPLANT LABORATORIES
Published: July 2010

In this study, we analysed 13 samples of the French population ‐ 4147 non‐related individuals living in Bordeaux, Brest, Caen, Dijon, Limoges, Lyon, Marseille, Nancy, Paris, Poitiers, Rennes, Strasbourg and Toulouse ‐ all of whom were typed for 10 alleles of the HLA‐A locus and 16 alleles of the HLA‐B locus. The results showed a strong heterogeneity (χ2= 675.13 for 324 df, p < 105). A diagram has been drawn up, showing the matrix of genetic distances obtained thanks to the B2 of Balkrishnan & Sanghvi (1968). This diagram enables us to envisage the hypothesis of 6 homogeneous clusters. A partition of x2 was used to test this 6 luster hypothesis: Paris and Caen (p = 0.98); Nancy, Strasbourg (p < 5%); Rennes, Brest (p.< 1%); Dijon, Lyon, Marseille (p = 0.89); Limoges, Poitiers (p = 0.18); Toulouse, Bordeaux (p < 10‐5). The heterogeneity within these clusters represents only 1/43 of the total heterogeneity.
HLA‐D clusters associated with DR2 and the definition of HLA‐D“AZH”: a new DR2 related HLA‐D specificity in Israel
Authors: Cohen N. , Amar A. , Oksenberg J. R. , Brautbar C.
Published: July 2010

In order to investigate the HLA‐D clusters associated with DR2 in Israeli Jews, 40 DR2 positive unrelated individuals were studied with a panel of DR2 associated homozygous typing cells (HTC's) which detect the lymphocyte defined specificities HLA‐Dw2, Dw12, Dw9 and D‐WJR. The results confirmed the existence of two distinct HLA‐D clusters associated with the same serologically defined DR2. Of 40 individuals 22.5% (9/40) were Dw2 and 50% (20/40) were Dw12 carriers. Yet, no HLA‐D specificity could be assigned to the remaining 11 DR2 positive individuals. In the present study we have defined a unique DR2‐associated Dw specificity, HLA‐D“AZH”. The donor of the HTC was of Moroccan origin and an offspring of a first cousin marriage. This cell was not typeable with the known DR2‐associated homozygous typing cells nor with other HTC's which define the well established HLA‐Dw1 to Dw11 specificities. It was shown to segregate with DR2 positive HLA haplotypes in family analysis and in a population study, typed out 7 of 11 unrelated DR2 positive, Dw blank individuals, thus identifying a unique and new HLA‐D cluster provisionally designated D“AZH”.
Association of HLA‐DR3 with an increase in peripheral blood lymphocytes
Authors: McKenna Rachel , Stevens Fiona , McCarthy C. F.
Published: July 2010

Normal healthy individuals that were HLA‐DR3 positive were found to have significantly higher total lymphocyte counts in peripheral blood compared to healthy individuals that were HLA‐DR3 negative.
Evidence for a new HLA class II determinant present on cells from HLA‐DR1 and/or ‐DR4 individuals
Authors: Lepage V. , Alcalay D. , Douay C. , Mallet C. , Loiseau P. , Degos L. , Colombani M. , Colombani J.
Published: July 2010

Evidence for a new HLA class II specificity is presented. It is recognized by LE serum, which reacts with most DR1 and/or DR4 individuals (r = 0.86). Its frequency in the French population is 0.33. Absorption‐elution experiments showed that the serum reactivity was not due to a mixture of anti‐DR1 and anti‐DR4 antibodies, but to a single antibody population which could be absorbed on and eluted from both DR1(+) or DR4(+) cells. LE specificity seemed to be expressed on DR but not on DQ molecules since the serum reacted with and could be absorbed by DR+,DQw‐cells; it did not react with a DR‐,DQw+ mutant cell, but did react with the DR+,DQw+ parental cell. The relationship between LE specificity and MC1 and Te23 specificities remains to be determined.
Study of the HLA gene and antigen frequency from a Saudi Arabian hospital
Authors: Sheth Kirtikant V. , Edwards Jacqueline A. , Godwin John T.
Published: July 2010

The HLA‐A, ‐B, ‐C and DR loci antigen frequencies were determined, respectively, on 1145, 558 and 352 healthy nonrelated Saudi family members. B21, CW4, CW7, and Dr7 showed the highest gene frequencies, of 14.6%, 28.3%, 7.4% and 19.5%, when compared to other populations. Haplotypes A2‐B5, A32‐B51, A26‐B8, A2‐B21, A28‐B35, Aw19‐B21 and B21‐CW4 showed the highest frequencies when compared to other populations. Gene frequencies of 14.6% and 20.2% for B21 and Aw19 antigens, respectively, are highest among Middle East populations. Gene frequencies for A1 (10.5%), A2 (24.9%), A3 (8.9%), A9 (16.7%) and A28 (7.9%) are similar to the 10.1%, 24.9%, 8.3%, 16.8% and 7.7%, respectively, reported for the Turkish population. Also, gene frequencies for B5 (18.5%), B21 (14.6%) and B35 (10.2%) are very close to 17.1%, 14.0% and 10.2%, respectively, reported in the Yemenite population. The above results suggest some influence of other populations on the‘pure’Arab population.
Expression of HLA‐A and ‐B antigens on differentiating U‐937 cells
Authors: Martin Dieter , Fauchet Renée , Müller Claudia , Radka Susan , Muller Claude P. , Wernet Peter , Ziegler Andreas , Uchańska‐Ziegler Barbara
Published: July 2010

Cells from the human immature monocytoid cell line U‐937 were induced with 12‐0‐Tetradecanoyl‐phorbol‐13‐acetate (TPA) to differentiate towards macrophage‐like cells. The expression of HLA‐antigens during differentiation was examined with a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against monomorphic and polymorphic determinants. Class II antigens could be detected neither on uninduced nor on TPA‐induced U‐937 cells. While the expression of HLA‐A3 did not change significantly during differentiation, the “supertypic” specificities HLA‐Bw4 and Bw6 as well as the “private” specificity HLA‐B18 could be detected only on a drastically decreased number of cells after 4 days of exposure to TPA. This may imply a selective loss of HLA‐B molecules from the cell membrane and therefore a separate regulatory control of HLA‐A and ‐B antigens.
A monoclonal antibody recognizing a determinant shared by HLA‐A2 and HLA‐Aw69 (A28* variant)
Authors: Antonelli Paolo , Choo Sung YOON , Nisperos Brenda , Hansen John A.
Published: July 2010

A cytotoxic murine monoclonal antibody, designated P5.1, was tested against 613 unrelated donors and found to react with 401 who were positive for HLA‐A2 (sensitivity = 100%) and with 8 of 82 positive for HLA‐A28. The latter split of A28 corresponds to the “A28* variant” that in the Ninth International Histocompatibility Workshop (9WS) was designated Aw69(28*). The epitope recognized by antibody P5.1 is distinct from the alloantisera‐defined determinants that characterize HLA‐A2 and A28. Immunoprecipitation of specific antigens with selected monoclonal antibodies and isoelectric focusing gel electrophoresis demonstrated that A2, Aw68(28) and Aw69(28*) are distinct polypeptides. Thus, the A2‐A28 antigen family consists of at least three different alleles definable using alloantiserums specific for A2 and A28, and monoclonal antibodies such as P5.1 recognizing the A2,Aw‐69(28*)‐epitope.
HLA typing of Epstein‐Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL)
Authors: Stinchcombe Victoria , Jones Trevor , Benjamin A.
Published: July 2010

The application of standard tissue typing techniques to cells other than peripheral blood lymphocytes has been accompanied by the problem of extra reactions. This applies as well to Epstein‐Barr virus transformed lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) as to leukemic cells and human spleen cells. These extra reactions are attributable to additional antibodies in the typing sera which are not apparent under standard conditions with PBLs. Two types are described: Type 1 extras, which become apparent after longer incubation times and are attributed to weak antibodies and type 2 extras which are apparent after shorter incubation times and are attributed to sub‐population specific or differentiation antigens. Technical modifications are proposed by which these extras can be circumvented. They include:

Only start typing when cells have been cultured for 2 to 3 days.

Remove dead cells by spinning over standard ficoll‐hypaque or 11% triosil.

Use shorter incubation times.

Avoid using sera that give too many type 2 extras.

In this way phenotypes can be accurately identified on LCL's obtained from kidney transplant donors and recipients. When LCL's were compared with their matching PBL, HLA phenotypes were concordant in 87% of cases for HLA‐A, 90% for HLA‐B, 81% for HLA‐C and 70% for HLA‐DR.
Chi‐square trend analysis in antigen sharing studies
Authors: Hoff Charles
Published: July 2010

Chi‐square trend analysis is a useful technique for testing the statistical significance of dose‐response associations between morbidity or mortality variables and degree of parental or maternofetal antigen sharing.
Recognition of DP determinants with typing reagents prepared with lymphocytes from Dutch unrelated individuals
Authors: Termijtelen Annemarie , Berge Simin NAIPAL‐VAN DEN , Suwandi‐THUNG Lanny , VAN Rood Jon J.
Published: July 2010

In an attempt to make our own set of DP typing reagents, we used lymphocytes from 12 unrelated donors, who were all HLA‐A1,2; B7,8; DR2,3; DQW1,2. They all had been previously typed for DP using a reference set of well established reagents obtained from Dr. S. Shaw (NIH, Bethesda). Thirty‐six promising re‐sponder‐stimulator combinations were primed in bulk MLC and tested for their specificity in secondary MLC. All reagents gave reaction patterns which were concordant with the sensitizing DP types, with the exception of those combinations where a donor was used in which DR2 appeared to be associated with a non‐DW2 HLA‐D type.

Over 1,200 reactions obtained with the new reagents were compared with those obtained with the established ones, in six different experiments. High correlation coefficients (r values) were found between the two kinds of reagents. The typings of a panel of individuals with the reference set and with our new typing set revealed an excellent agreement for DP assignments with the two sets, with the exception of the specificity DP4. The DP gene frequencies for random Dutch Cau‐casoids were defined.
Major histocompatibility complex class II antigen (HLA‐DR, DQ and DP) expression in human fetal skin
Authors: Sewell H. F. , Thomson A. W. , Walker F. , King G. , Abramovich D. R.
Published: July 2010

Monoclonal antibodies were used to analyse skin samples from human fetuses (15–19 weeks gestational age) for the presence of class II major histocompatibility antigens (HLA‐DR, DQ and DP). Cells expressing these antigens were clearly demonstrated within the epidermis from a proportion (4/7) of cases and were completely absent from the others. The negative samples were uniformly those with an epidermis of three cell layers or less. Such material may prove useful in studying the induction of class II antigen expression and the role of these antigens in allostimulation.
Factors involved in decreased detection of class II histocompatibility antigens on blood mononuclear cells from transplanted patients receiving immunosuppressive drugs
Authors: Dupont E. , Crusiaux A. , Andrien M. , Wybran J.
Published: July 2010

Class II histocompatibility antigens were assessed by complement‐dependent cytotoxicity on B enriched mononuclear cells and on purified monocytes isolated from the peripheral blood of renal patients before and after transplantation. After transplantation, a significant decrease of detection of DR alloantigens (cytotoxicity score before transplantation 3 × 0.1; after transplantation 0.95 × 0.1; p < 0.001) was found. A similar defect was observed both on B enriched frozen cells and on purified monocytes isolated during the post‐transplant period. Nevertheless, antigens could be adequately detected by a sensitive microabsorption method and by a procedure involving preincubation of mononuclear cells at 37°C for 3 h followed by B cells enrichment by rosetting. The 37°C induced reexpression could be inhibited by 10 μg/ml cycloheximide and by 50 μM monensin. No difference was found in the magnitude either of decreased expression or of temperature‐induced reexpression between patients treated by CyS‐Pred and those receiving Aza‐Pred. It is concluded that transplanted recipients disclose a reversible defect of the expression of class II histocompatibility antigens probably related to perturbation of various steps of intracellular biosynthesis and traffic of these molecules.