bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Patient relevant outcomes of unicompartmental versus total knee replacement: systematic review and meta-analysis
Authors: Wilson Hannah A , Middleton Rob , Abram Simon G F , Smith Stephanie , Alvand Abtin , Jackson William F , Bottomley Nicholas , Hopewell Sally , Price Andrew J
Published: February 2019

Objective

To present a clear and comprehensive summary of the published data on unicompartmental knee replacement (UKA) or total knee replacement (TKA), comparing domains of outcome that have been shown to be important to patients and clinicians to allow informed decision making.

Design

Systematic review using data from randomised controlled trials, nationwide databases or joint registries, and large cohort studies.

Data sources

Medline, Embase, Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials (CENTRAL), and Clinical Trials.gov, searched between 1 January 1997 and 31 December 2018.

Eligibility criteria for selecting studies

Studies published in the past 20 years, comparing outcomes of primary UKA with TKA in adult patients. Studies were excluded if they involved fewer than 50 participants, or if translation into English was not available.

Results

60 eligible studies were separated into three methodological groups: seven publications from six randomised controlled trials, 17 national joint registries and national database studies, and 36 cohort studies. Results for each domain of outcome varied depending on the level of data, and findings were not always significant. Analysis of the three groups of studies showed significantly shorter hospital stays after UKA than after TKA (−1.20 days (95% confidence interval −1.67 to −0.73), −1.43 (−1.53 to −1.33), and −1.73 (−2.30 to −1.16), respectively). There was no significant difference in pain, based on patient reported outcome measures (PROMs), but significantly better functional PROM scores for UKA than for TKA in both non-trial groups (standard mean difference −0.58 (−0.88 to −0.27) and −0.29 (−0.46 to −0.11), respectively). Regarding major complications, trials and cohort studies had non-significant results, but mortality after TKA was significantly higher in registry and large database studies (risk ratio 0.27 (0.16 to 0.45)), as were venous thromboembolic events (0.39 (0.27 to 0.57)) and major cardiac events (0.22 (0.06 to 0.86)). Early reoperation for any reason was higher after TKA than after UKA, but revision rates at five years remained higher for UKA in all three study groups (risk ratio 5.95 (1.29 to 27.59), 2.50 (1.77 to 3.54), and 3.13 (1.89 to 5.17), respectively).

Conclusions

TKA and UKA are both viable options for the treatment of isolated unicompartmental osteoarthritis. By directly comparing the two treatments, this study demonstrates better results for UKA in several outcome domains. However, the risk of revision surgery was lower for TKA. This information should be available to patients as part of the shared decision making process in choosing treatment options.

Systematic review registration

PROSPERO number CRD42018089972.
Teaching patient safety in global health: lessons from the Duke Global Health Patient Safety Fellowship
Authors: Johnston Bria E , Lou-Meda Randall , Mendez Sindy , Frush Karen , Milne Judy , Fitzgerald Tamara , Sexton J Bryan , Rice Henry
Published: February 2019

Health systems in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) have a high burden of medical errors and complications, and the training of local experts in patient safety is critical to improve the quality of global healthcare. This analysis explores our experience with the Duke Global Health Patient Safety Fellowship, which is designed to train clinicians from LMICs in patient safety, quality improvement and infection control. This intensive fellowship of 3–4 weeks includes (1) didactic training in patient safety and quality improvement, (2) experiential training in patient safety operations, and (3) mentorship of fellows in their home institution as they lead local safety programmes. We have learnt several lessons from this programme, including the need to contextualise training to local needs and resources, and to focus training on building interdisciplinary patient safety teams. Implementation challenges include a lack of resources and data collection systems, and limited recognition of the role of safety in global health contexts. This report can serve as an operational guide for intensive training in patient safety that is contextualised to global health challenges.
Measuring primary healthcare expenditure in low-income and lower middle-income countries
Authors: Vande Maele Nathalie , Xu Ke , Soucat Agnes , Fleisher Lisa , Aranguren Maria , Wang Hong
Published: February 2019

Primary healthcare (PHC) is considered as the pathway to Universal Health Coverage (UHC) and to achieving sustainable development goals. Measuring PHC expenditure is a critical first step to understanding why some countries improve access to health services, provide financial risk protection and achieve UHC. In this paper, we tested and examined different measurement options using the System of Health Accounts (SHA) 2011 for systematic monitoring of PHC expenditure. We used the ‘first-contact’ approach to PHC and applied it to the healthcare function or healthcare provider classifications of SHA 2011. Data comes from 36 recent low-income and middle-income countries health accounts 2011–2016. Country spending on PHC varies largely, across countries and across definition options. For example, PHC expenditure ranges from US$15 to US$60 per capita. The sensitivity analysis highlighted the weight of including or excluding medical goods. The correlation analysis comparing countries ranking is strong between options. The study identified the major challenges in developing standard monitoring of PHC expenditure. One, there is a lack of clear operational definition for PHC, suggesting that a global standard definition would not replace the need for country context specific definition. Two, there is insufficient data granularity both because the standard framework does not offer it and because quality data breakdown is unavailable.
Guidance for use of weights: an analysis of different types of weights and their implications when using SAS PROCs
Authors: Richardson Sabrina , Lin Tuo , Li Yangyi , Niu Xiaohui , Xu Manfei , Stander Valerie , Tu Xin M
Published: February 2019

SAS and other popular statistical packages provide support for survey data with sampling weights. For example, PROC MEANS and PROC LOGISTIC in SAS have their counterparts PROC SURVEYMEANS and PROC SURVEYLOGISTIC to facilitate analysis of data from complex survey studies. On the other hand, PROC MEANS and many other classic SAS procedures also provide an option for including weights and yield identical point estimates, but different standard errors (SEs), as their corresponding survey procedures. This paper takes an in-depth look at different types of weights and provides guidance on use of different SAS procedures.
Absence of hantavirus in water voles and Eurasian beavers in Britain
Authors: Girling Simon Justin , McElhinney Lorraine M , Fraser Mary A , Gow Derek , Pizzi Romain , Naylor Adam , Cole Georgina , Brown Donna , Rosell Frank , Schwab Gerhard , Campbell‐Palmer Roisin
Published: February 2019

Hantaviruses are RNA viruses (order Bunyavirales, family Hantaviridae) found in rodent, bat and insectivore reservoir‐hosts and have been reported as an emerging significant zoonotic risk in Europe. As part of two native semiaquatic rodent restoration projects, tissue and urine samples were tested for hantavirus from water voles (Arvicola amphibius) (n=26, in 2015) and Eurasian beavers (Castor fiber) (n=20, covering 2010–2015) using a pan‐hantavirus nested real‐time PCR test. Kidney and lung samples were also analysed by light microscopy after haematoxylin and eosin staining of formalin‐fixed paraffin wax sections. Individuals selected included those forming the source of release animals and from those already free‐living in Britain in areas targeted for release, to identify existing reservoirs. For water voles all tested individuals were from Britain (n=26); for beavers some were from Britain (Scotland) (n=9) and some were samples from wild Norwegian (Telemark region) (n=6) and German (Bavaria region) animals (n=5) that formed the source of accepted wild populations currently present in Scotland. All samples tested from both species were negative for hantavirus RNA and showed no significant histopathological changes suggesting that reservoir infection with hantavirus in water voles in Britain and Eurasian beavers present in Britain, Norway and Bavaria, Germany, is unlikely.
The abnormal ring formation during the course of filamentation in laser-plasma interaction
Authors: Xia Xiongping , Zhang Geng
Published: February 2019

The paper presents the ring formation during the course of filamentation in laser and weak inhomogeneous plasma interaction. Due to the combined influence of off-axial component and plasma density ripple, normal single ring changed into abnormal splitted ring during the course of filamentation. With increase in off-axial component and plasma density ripple, the abnormal splitted ring became stronger.
NETWORK ANALYSIS OF COMMON DIFFERENTIAL GENES IDENTIFIES KEY GENES AND IMPORTANT MODULES UNDERLYING EXTRACELLULAR ELECTRON TRANSFER PROCESSES
Authors: DING DEWU
Published: February 2019

Electricigens can transfer electrons that produced in intracellular metabolic processes to cellular surface to restore extracellular insoluble electron acceptors (extracellular electron transfer, EET). To uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying EET processes, we integrated transcriptome changes accompanying such processes with molecular network. Firstly, time-series expression datasets for Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 under limited/changed [Formula: see text] conditions were obtained from the GEO database, and a total of 336 common differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Then, we constructed the protein–protein interaction (PPI) network that involved in EET processes from these DEGs. Furthermore, by using centralization analysis and community detection, network analysis of the PPI network was performed. Although the fundamental EET genes are similar to previous studies, important new genes have been discovered. Taking together, our study identified many literature-validated genes critical to EET processes, and also proposed some novel genes that were putatively involved in EET processes.
Macroscopic Random Telegraph Noise
Authors: Jung Grzegorz
Published: February 2019

It is proposed that macroscopic telegraph noise in superconductors is due to dynamic coexistence of ordered and disordered vortex phases (DP and OP) created by edge contamination mechanism. A novel, robust, with bias insensitive rates, macroscopic telegraph noise in low Ca-doped manganites is ascribed to the dynamic current redistribution assisted by a positive resistance feedback associated with Meyer–Neldel compensation rule.
Electrocatalytic behavior of single walled carbon nanotubes with alkylthio-substituted cobalt binuclear phthalocyanines towards oxidation of 4-chlorophenols
Authors: Makinde Zainab O. , Mashazi Philani , Khene Samson
Published: February 2019

This work describes the adsorption of synthesized cobalt mono (CoPc) and binuclear phthalocyanines (CoBiPc) with single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNT) to form SWCNT-CoPc or SWCNT-CoBiPc as non-covalent conjugates onto glassy carbon electrodes (GCE). The cobalt complexes and their SWCNT-conjugate-modified electrodes were studied for their electrocatalytic oxidation towards 4-chlorophenol. All modified electrodes showed improved catalytic current and stability towards the detection of 4-chlorophenol. The best activity was observed for the SWCNT-CoBiPc2 system in terms of current response and the SWCNT-CoBiPc1 system in terms of resistance to electrode fouling.
Beneficial effects of a lifestyle intervention program on C-reactive protein: impact of cardiorespiratory fitness in obese adolescents with sleep disturbances
Authors: Roche Johanna , Isacco Laurie , Perret Frédéric , Dumoulin Gilles , Gillet Valérie , Mougin Fabienne
Published: February 2019

The objectives of this study were to assess the relationship between inflammation and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and determine whether the lifestyle program’s effects on inflammatory markers are associated with changes in anthropometric parameters, cardiorespiratory fitness, sleep duration, and OSA severity in severely obese adolescents. Participants were aged 14.6 (SD 1.2) yr, with a body mass index (BMI) of 40.2 (SD 6.5) kg/m2. Sleep, anthropometric parameters, glucose metabolism, inflammatory profile, and cardiorespiratory fitness [V̇o2peakrelative to body weight (V̇o2peakBW) and fat-free mass (V̇o2peakFFM)] were assessed at admission and at the end of a 9-mo lifestyle intervention program (LIP). Associations between C-reactive protein (CRP) concentrations and BMI, sex, oxygen desaturation index (ODI), sleep fragmentation, total sleep time (TST), and V̇o2peakwere assessed via ANCOVA. Twenty-three subjects completed the study. OSA subjects ( n = 13) exhibited higher CRP concentrations and a trend for higher BMI than non-OSA subjects ( P = 0.09) at admission. After intervention, OSA was normalized in six subjects, and CRP significantly decreased in the OSA group and in the whole population. In both groups, leptin levels significantly decreased, whereas adiponectin concentrations increased. At admission, BMI adjusted for sex, arousal index, ODI, TST, and V̇o2peakBWwas associated with CRP levels (adjusted r2 = 0.32, P < 0.05). The decrease in CRP concentrations postintervention was associated with enhanced V̇o2peakFFMadjusted for sex, weight loss, and changed sleep parameters (adjusted r2 = 0.75, P < 0.05). Despite higher amounts of CRP in OSA subjects, obesity severity outweighs the proinflammatory effects of OSA, short sleep duration, and low cardiorespiratory fitness. However, enhanced cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with the decrease of inflammation after controlling for the same parameters.
Cytokines and Chemokines in Pediatric Appendicitis: A Multiplex Analysis of Inflammatory Protein Mediators
Authors: Naqvi S. Ali , Thompson Graham C. , Joffe Ari R. , Blackwood Jaime , Martin Dori-Ann , Brindle Mary , Barkema Herman W. , Jenne Craig N.
Published: February 2019

Objectives. We aimed to demonstrate the potential of precision medicine to describe the inflammatory landscape present in children with suspected appendicitis. Our primary objective was to determine levels of seven inflammatory protein mediators previously associated with intra-abdominal inflammation (C-reactive protein—CRP, procalcitonin—PCT, interleukin-6 (IL), IL-8, IL-10, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1—MCP-1, and serum amyloid A—SAA) in a cohort of children with suspected appendicitis. Subsequently, using a multiplex proteomics approach, we examined an expansive array of novel candidate cytokine and chemokines within this population.Methods. We performed a secondary analysis of targeted proteomics data from Alberta Sepsis Network studies. Plasma mediator levels, analyzed by Luminex multiplex assays, were evaluated in children aged 5-17 years with nonappendicitis abdominal pain (NAAP), acute appendicitis (AA), and nonappendicitis sepsis (NAS). We used multivariate regression analysis to evaluate the seven target proteins, followed by decision tree and heat mapping analyses for all proteins evaluated.Results. 185 children were included: 83 with NAAP, 79 AA, and 23 NAS. Plasma levels of IL-6, CRP, MCP-1, PCT, and SAA were significantly different in children with AA compared to those with NAAP (p<0.001). Expansive proteomic analysis demonstrated 6 patterns in inflammatory mediator profiles based on severity of illness. A decision tree incorporating the proteins CRP, ferritin, SAA, regulated on activation normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), monokine induced by gamma interferon (MIG), and PCT demonstrated excellent specificity (0.920) and negative predictive value (0.882) for children with appendicitis.Conclusions. Multiplex proteomic analyses described the inflammatory landscape of children presenting to the ED with suspected appendicitis. We have demonstrated the feasibility of this approach to identify potential novel candidate cytokines/chemokine patterns associated with a specific illness (appendicitis) amongst those with a broad ED presentation (abdominal pain). This approach can be modelled for future research initiatives in pediatric emergency medicine.
Angiotensin-(1-7) and Alamandine Promote Anti-inflammatory Response in Macrophages In Vitro and In Vivo
Authors: de Carvalho Santuchi Melissa , Dutra Miriane Fernandes , Vago Juliana Priscila , Lima Kátia Maciel , Galvão Izabela , de Souza-Neto Fernando Pedro , Morais e Silva Mario , Oliveira Aline Cristina , de Oliveira Flávia Carvalho Bittencourt , Gonçalves Ricardo , Teixeira Mauro Martins , Sousa Lirlândia Pires , dos Santos Robson Augusto Souza , da Silva Rafaela Fernandes
Published: February 2019

The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) peptides play an important role in inflammation. Resolution of inflammation contributes to restore tissue homeostasis, and it is characterized by neutrophil apoptosis and their subsequent removal by macrophages, which are remarkable plastic cells involved in the pathophysiology of diverse inflammatory diseases. However, the effects of RAS peptides on different macrophage phenotypes are still emerging. Here, we evaluated the effects of angiotensin-(1-7) (Ang-(1-7)) and the most novel RAS peptide, alamandine, on resting (M0), proinflammatory M(LPS+IFN-γ), and anti-inflammatory M(IL-4) macrophage phenotypes in vitro, as well as on specific immune cell populations and macrophage subsets into the pleural cavity of LPS-induced pleurisy in mice. Our results showed that Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, through Mas and MrgD receptors, respectively, do not affect M0 macrophages but reduce the proinflammatory TNF-α, CCL2, and IL-1β transcript expression levels in LPS+IFN-γ-stimulated macrophages. Therapeutic administration of these peptides in LPS-induced inflammation in mice decreased the number of neutrophils and M1 (F4/80lowGr1+CD11bmed) macrophage frequency without affecting the other investigated macrophage subsets. Our data suggested that both Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, through their respective receptors Mas and MrgD, promote an anti-inflammatory reprogramming of M(LPS+IFN-γ)/M1 macrophages under inflammatory circumstances and potentiate the reprogramming induced by IL-4. In conclusion, our work sheds light on the emerging proresolving properties of Ang-(1-7) and alamandine, opening new avenues for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
Combinatorial Cytotoxic Effects of Gelam Honey and 5-Fluorouracil against Human Adenocarcinoma Colon Cancer HT-29 Cells In Vitro
Authors: T-Johari Syed Ahmad Tajudin , Hashim Fatimah , Ismail Wan Iryani , Ali Abdul Manaf
Published: February 2019

Combination of natural products with chemodrugs is becoming a trend in discovering new therapeutics approach for enhancing the cancer treatment process. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the cytotoxic and apoptosis induction of Gelam honey (GH) combined with or without 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) on HT-29 cells. The cell viability was determined by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay to assess cytotoxicity. Morphological changes and apoptosis were determined by the inverted microscope, Annexin V-FITC, and DNA fragmentation via flow cytometric analysis, respectively. Our results demonstrate that combined treatment revealed a remarkable and concentration-dependent cytotoxic effect on HT-29 cells in comparison with GH and 5-FU alone. Flow cytometry analysis showed that early apoptosis event was more pronounced in combined treatment. In addition, compared to 5-FU alone, apoptosis of HT-29 cells treated with combinations of GH and 5-FU demonstrated increasing percentages of fragmented DNA. Our results suggest that GH has a synergistic cytotoxic effect with 5-FU in HT-29 cell lines in vitro. Although the actions of the molecular mechanisms are not yet clear, the results reveal that the combination of GH and 5-FU could have the potential as a therapeutic agent.
PD-L1 Expression in Human Breast Cancer Stem Cells Is Epigenetically Regulated through Posttranslational Histone Modifications
Authors: Darvin Pramod , Sasidharan Nair Varun , Elkord Eyad
Published: February 2019

Tumor progression through immune evasion is a major challenge in cancer therapy. Recent studies revealed that enhanced PD-L1 expression in cancer stem cells is linked to immune evasion. Understanding the mechanisms behind this PD-L1 overexpression in cancer stem cells is critical for developing more effective strategies for preventing immune evasion and increasing the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. Tumorsphere formation in breast cancer cells enhanced epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT), which is evident by increased expression of mesenchymal markers. In this study, we analyzed CpG methylation of PD-L1 promoter in MCF-7 and BT-549 breast cancer cells and tumorspheres derived from them. PD-L1 promoter was significantly hypomethylated in MCF-7 tumorspheres, but not from BT-549 tumorspheres, compared with their cell line counterparts. The active demethylation of PD-L1 promoter was confirmed by the increase in the distribution of 5hmC and decrease in 5mC levels and the upregulation of TET3 and downregulation of DNMTs enzymes in MCF-7 tumorspheres, compared with the cell line. Additionally, we checked the distribution of repressive histones H3K9me3, H3K27me3, and active histone H3K4me3 in the PD-L1 promoter. We found that distribution of repressive histones to the PD-L1 promoter was lower in tumorspheres, compared with cell lines. Moreover, an overexpression of histone acetylation enzymes was observed in tumorspheres suggesting the active involvement of histone modifications in EMT-induced PD-L1 expression. In summary, EMT-associated overexpression of PD-L1 was partially independent of promoter CpG methylation and more likely to be dependent on posttranslational histone modifications.
Colon Cancer Sidedness, Presentation, and Survival at Different Stages
Authors: Ulanja Mark B. , Rishi Mohit , Beutler Bryce D. , Sharma Mokshya , Patterson Darryll R. , Gullapalli Nageshwara , Ambika Santhosh
Published: February 2019

Background. Several prognostic factors have been used to guide therapy for colon cancer (CC). However, the relationship between CC laterality (sidedness) and prognosis remains under investigation. Objectives. To assess the effect of laterality on CC presentation and survival, using a Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) population-based cohort. Methods. A retrospective cohort study using data from the SEER program (2007-2015). Results. Of the 163,980 patients with CC, 85,779 (52.3%) presented with right-sided CC (RCC) and 78,201 (47.7%) with left-sided CC (LCC). Stage distributions were as follows: stage I, 24.1%; stage II, 27.3%; stage III, 28.2%; and stage IV, 20.4%. In an adjusted modified Poisson regression approach for risk ratio (RR), patients with LCCs were more likely to be male (RR = 1.14; 95% CI 1.12-1.15, p<0.001). As compared to stage I, stage II cancers (RR = 0.88, 95% CI 0.87-0.90, p<0.001) were less likely to be LCC. Stage IV CC was slightly less likely to be left-sided (RR = 0.98, 95% CI 0.98, 0.96-1.00, p = 0.028). The median overall survival (OS) for RCC was 87 months. The median OS for LCC was not established, as more than half of the patients diagnosed with LCC were still living at the time of the analysis. In adjusted Cox proportional Hazard model, individuals with stage I, III, and IV LCCs had superior OS as compared to those with matched-stage RCC (adjusted HR = 0.87; 95% CI 0.85-0.88, p<0.001). However, OS was worse among those with stage II disease who presented with LCC (adjusted Hazard ratio [aHR] = 1.06; 95% CI 1.02-1.11, p = 0.004). CC-specific survival (CSS) was superior for LCC versus RCC for stages III and IV but worse for II. Conclusions. In this population-cohort study, LCC is associated with superior OS and CSS survival. The overall survival advantage was attributed to stage I, III, and IV disease. Individuals presenting with stage II disease exhibit superior survival if the CC is right-sided.
90-РІЧЧЮ КІРОВОГРАДСЬКОГО МЕДИЧНОГО КОЛЕДЖУ ІМ. Є.Й. МУХІНА ПРИСВЯЧУЄТЬСЯ
Authors: Goot T. M.
Published: February 2019

У статті наведено основні питання, що розглядались на регіональній науково-практичній конференції в рамках підготовки до ювілею навчального закладу стосовно паліативної та хоспісної допомоги інкурабельним хворим.
Hematopoietic ChemR23 (Chemerin Receptor 23) Fuels Atherosclerosis by Sustaining an M1 Macrophage-Phenotype and Guidance of Plasmacytoid Dendritic Cells to Murine Lesions—Brief Report
Authors: van der Vorst Emiel P.C. , Mandl Manuela , Müller Madeleine , Neideck Carlos , Jansen Yvonne , Hristov Michael , Gencer Selin , Peters Linsey J.F. , Meiler Svenja , Feld Micha , Geiselhöringer Anna-Lena , de Jong Renske J. , Ohnmacht Caspar , Noels Heidi , Soehnlein Oliver , Drechsler Maik , Weber Christian , Döring Yvonne
Published: February 2019

Objective—

Expression of the chemokine-like receptor ChemR23 (chemerin receptor 23) has been specifically attributed to plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and macrophages and ChemR23 has been suggested to mediate an inflammatory immune response in these cells. Because chemokine receptors are important in perpetuating chronic inflammation, we aimed to establish the role of ChemR23-deficiency on macrophages and pDCs in atherosclerosis.

Approach and Results—

ChemR23-knockout/knockin mice expressing eGFP (enhanced green fluorescent protein) were generated and after crossing with apolipoprotein E-deficient (
Apoe
−/−
ChemR23

e/e

) animals were fed a western-type diet for 4 and 12 weeks.
Apoe
−/−
ChemR23

e/e

mice displayed reduced lesion formation and reduced leukocyte adhesion to the vessel wall after 4 weeks, as well as diminished plaque growth, a decreased number of lesional macrophages with an increased proportion of M2 cells and a less inflammatory lesion composition after 12 weeks of western-type diet feeding. Hematopoietic ChemR23-deficiency similarly reduced atherosclerosis. Additional experiments revealed that ChemR23-deficiency induces an alternatively activated macrophage phenotype, an increased cholesterol efflux and a systemic reduction in pDC frequencies. Consequently, expression of the pDC marker SiglecH in atherosclerotic plaques of
Apoe
−/−
ChemR23

e/e

mice was declined. ChemR23-knockout pDCs also exhibited a reduced migratory capacity and decreased CCR (CC-type chemokine receptor)7 expression. Finally, adoptive transfer of sorted wild-type and knockout pDCs into
Apoe
−/−
recipient mice revealed reduced accumulation of ChemR23-deficient pDCs in atherosclerotic lesions.

Conclusions—

Hematopoietic ChemR23-deficiency increases the proportion of alternatively activated M2 macrophages in atherosclerotic lesions and attenuates pDC homing to lymphatic organs and recruitment to atherosclerotic lesions, which synergistically restricts atherosclerotic plaque formation and progression.
Taxonomy of the ceratophysellan lineage (Collembola: Hypogastruridae) in the light of laboratory hybridization studies
Authors: SKARÚYºSKI DARIUSZ
Published: February 2019

The results of recent laboratory hybridization studies on the ceratophysellan lineage species are synthesized, and their impact on the taxonomy of this lineage is discussed. The discovered rule that morphological similarity is proportional to the reproductive isolation degree and in consequence to the relationship between species is a good basis for distinguishing species with potential for classification of the ceratophysellan lineage. The morphological and biological species concepts appear to be fully compatible, and Schaefferia emucronata, S. willemi, Ceratophysella denticulata, C. engadinensis, C. stercoraria, C. silvatica, and C. granulata appear to be species consistent with the general lineage concept. The proposed new classification of the ceratophysellan lineage (composed of two genera: C. denticulata group + Typhlogastrura + Schaefferia and C. armata group + Bonetogastrura) is tested against the results of laboratory hybridization studies. The probable monophyly of Schaefferia and polyphyly of Bonetogastrura and Typhlogastrura show that the phylogeny of the ceratophysellan lineage is more complicated than suggested by presently accepted and proposed classifications. The obtained results are only a premise, and the probability of the conclusion being correct would increase with the number of such tests.
Species of Moguai Tan and Ng, 1999 (Decapoda: Brachyura: Camptandriidae) from brackish waters in the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, with the description of a new species
Authors: NARUSE TOHRU
Published: February 2019

Two species of Moguai Tan & Ng, 1999 (Camptandriidae) are recorded from the Ryukyu Islands, Japan, one of which is new to science. Moguai pyriforme, sp. nov. is distinguished from other two congeners by its narrower front and the anterolateral margin being located inside the branchial region. Moguai elongatum is recorded from Japan for the first time, and its geographical distribution extended east from Fukien Province, China. A key to the species of Moguai is provided.
The genus Myrsidea Waterston (Phthiraptera: Menoponidae) from tyrant-flycatchers (Passeriformes: Tyrannidae), with descriptions of 13 new species
Authors: PRICE ROGER D. , HELLENTHAL RONALD A. , DALGLEISH ROBERT C.
Published: February 2019

The two species of previously named Myrsidea from tyrant-flycatchers are redescribed. Thirteen new species are described and illustrated. The new species and their type hosts are: Myrsidea pitangi ex Pitangus sulphuratus (L.), Myrsidea seversoni ex Tyrannus verticalis Say, Myrsidea melancholici ex Tyrannus melancholicus Vieillot, Myrsidea barbati ex Myiobius barbatus (J. F. Gmelin), Myrsidea flaviventris ex Tolmomyias flaviventris (Wied), Myrsidea similis ex Myiozetetes similis (Spix), Myrsidea elaeniae ex Elaenia flavogaster (Thunberg), Myrsidea contopi ex Contopus cinereus (Spix), Myrsidea oleaginei ex Mionectes oleagineus (M. H. K. Lichtenstein), Myrsidea neocinereae ex Serpophaga cinerea (Tschudi), Myrsidea cayanensis ex Myiozetetes cayanensis (L.), Myrsidea olivacei ex Mionectes olivaceus Lawrence, and Myrsidea spadicei ex Attila spadiceus (J. F. Gmelin). Keys are provided for the identification of females and males of the 15 Myrsidea species known from the Tyrannidae.
A new species of Micardia Butler, 1878 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Eustrotiinae) from China
Authors: LIANG ZHAO-WEN , ZHU HONG-BIN , WENG QIN , SUN CHANG-HAI
Published: February 2019

The genus Micardia Butler, 1878 was described based on M. argentata (the type species; Fig. 1) and M. pulchra, both from Japan; in the same paper, Buter transferred a species described from India, Leucania pulcherrima Moore, 1867 to Micardia. Hampson (1990) considered Micardia a synonym of Eustrotia. However, its generic status was revised by Warren (1913) and retained by subsequent authors (Ueda 1984). There are at present 13 species recognized within Micardia (Table 1), of which, M. quadrilinea Scriba 1921 was described from Japan on the basis of female specimens and without high-quality illustrations, and subsequently treated as of uncertain status by Chen & Xue (2012). The remaining species are as follows: M. simplicissima Berio 1973 was described from Myanmar based on 2 females. M. munda Leech, 1900, was described from Western China (Sichuan, according to Chen & Xue 2012). Chen (1999) extended the range of M. pulcherrima to include China, and Chen & Xue (2012) subsequently reviewed Micardia from China, describing three new species, M. pallens, M. distincta and M. minuta. Four species have been described from Madagascar, M. argentoidea and M. terracottoides by Berio (1954), and M. ikoly and M. itremo by Viette (1982). Because they are geographically separated so widely from their congeners in Asia, Chen & Xue (2012) considered their generic placement in need of confirmation. Moreover, the distribution of M. pulchra Butler was extended to Russia (Kurile Island) by synonymizing it with M. pulchrargentea Bryk, 1942 (Kononenko 2005). In this paper we report a new species, Micardia yixingensis, sp. nov. from Jiangsu, China. The contribution brings the total number of the species in the genus to 14.
Review of the leafhopper genus Makilingia Baker (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae)
Authors: DIETRICH CHRISTOPHER H. , ZAHNISER JAMES N.
Published: February 2019

The taxonomy of the leafhopper genus Makilingia Baker is reviewed based on comparative morphological study of types and other specimens. Twenty-six species are recognized as valid including ten new species described and illustrated herein: M. davaoensis n. sp. M. lobata n. sp., M. maculamima n. sp., M. nigramima n. sp., M. paranigra n. sp., M. siamensis n. sp., M. tenebrifrons n. sp., M. uncinata n. sp., M. viraktamathi n. sp., and M. xanthopicta n. sp. Makilingia siamensis n. sp. represents the first known occurrence of the genus outside the Philippine Archipelago and the first record for Thailand. Makilingia simillima Baker, n. stat., formerly treated as a variety of M. variabilis Baker, is elevated to full species status based on distinctive differences in the male genitalia. Lectotypes are designated for several species described by Baker. The male genitalia of these species are described and illustrated for the first time and a key to all known species is provided.
Development and Optimization of Zirconium-89 Production and Clinical TF-PET/CT Imaging Protocols for Breast Tumor Imaging and Immunotherapy Planning: A Review
Authors: Alzimami Khalid
Published: February 2019

Zirconium-89 (89Zr) has recently drawn significant interest to be a promising metallo-radionuclide for use in immuno-PET due to favorable decay characteristics. Despite all efforts that have been done over the last few years in the development of procedures for large-scale
production and purification of 89Zr and its stable coupling to mAbs as well as successful preclinical and clinical 89Zr immuno-positron emission tomography (PET) studies, there is still gap for exploring new peptide-based pharmaceuticals radiolabeled with 89Zr
and the development of 89Zr immuno-PET imaging protocols. The objectives of this study is intended to review the recent development and optimization of 89Zr production and to discuss the 89Zr immuno-PET clinical imaging applications for breast cancer. In addition,
the 89Zr PET imaging safety and protocols as well as the potential use of 89Zr in 3-gamma PET Imaging are reviewed.
Bioinformatics Analysis of Gefitinib or Rapamycin on Inhibiting the Survival of Hela in the Low Glucose and High Lactic Acid Environment
Authors: Ping Li , Mingzhu Li , Yuchun Lü
Published: February 2019

Objective: To explore on the antitumor effect of gefitinib and rapamycin and possible mechanism in normal glucose and high lactic acid microenvironment. Methods: Hela cells are cultured in six conditions: the normal glucose group (NG, glucose 3 mmol/L); the normal glucose
+ gefitinib group (NGG, glucose 3 mmol/L, gefitinib 2.67 μmol/L); the normal glucose + rapamycin group (NGR, glucose 3 mmol/L, rapamycin 2.67 μmol/L); the high lactate group (NGHL, glucose 3 mmol/L, lactic acid 2.5 mmol/L); the normal glucose + high lactate + gefitinib
group (NGHLG, glucose 3 mmol/L, lactic acid 2.5 mmol/L, gefitinib 2.67μmol/L); the normal glucose + high lactate + rapamycin group (NGHLG, glucose 10 mmol/L, lactic acid 2.5 mmol/L, rapamycin 2.67μmol/L). Growth inhibitory rate of Hela cell is determined by CCK-8; Flow
cytometry (FCM) is performed to evaluate the cell cycle; The annexin V-phycoerythrin/Propidium Iodide (annexin V-PE/PI) staining combined with flow cytometry is used to examine the cell cycle and apoptosis of Hela cells. Results: Under normal glucose with gefitinib or rapamycin environment,
the apoptosis rate of Hela cells is higher than that of the normal glucose group. But the cell apoptosis rate of the gefitinib or rapamycin group decreases in high lactic acid and normal glucose, which is lower than that of the normal glucose and high lactate. Combined with the results of
cell cycle, compared with the normal glucose group, percentage of Hela cells in G1/G0 phase increases significantly, the proportion of S phase cells decreases significantly in high lactic acid environment. In the normal glucose and gefitinib environment, Hela cells in G1/G0 phase and S phase
are slightly higher than the proportion of normal glucose group, and G2/M phase cells are mild lower than the proportion of normal glucose group. Under the environment of high lactate and normal glucose, the percentage of G1/G0 and S phase cells in the gefitinib increase. As for rapamycin,
normal glucose and high lactic acid environment makes cells stay in G1/G0 phase. The presence of rapamycin in the environment of normal sugar and high lactate makes more cells stay in G1/G0 or G2/M phase. Conclusion: Normal glucose and high lactic acid environment is conducive to Hela
cell survival, and can promote the expression of EGFR and mTOR. Gefitinib is an antagonist of EGFR and rapamycin is an inhibitor of mTOR.
Postmortem Changes in Skeletal Muscle Can Be Expressed by Hounsfield Unit Measurements in Postmortem Computed Tomography—A Murine Model Study
Authors: Yamada Tsuyoshi , Takeuchi Tamaki , Ito Morihiro
Published: February 2019

Purpose: The aim of the present study was to assess time-dependent changes in postmortem images of mouse skeletal muscle that were obtained with a small animal CT scanner. Materials and methods: Mice were euthanized and time-dependent changes in postmortem computed tomography
(PMCT) images of skeletal muscle were recorded for 11 elapsed intervals: at the confirmed time of cardiac arrest, and at 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 72 hours after death. After acquiring PMCT images, skeletal muscle was removed and prepared for histological evaluation. Histological
images and PMCT images of the skeletal muscle were then compared. Hounsfield unit (HU) measurements were obtained for the skeletal muscle PMCT images at each interval and time-dependent changes were examined. Results: Time-dependent changes were observed in histological images of skeletal
muscle, but not in PMCT images. Time-dependent changes were detectable by HU values of skeletal muscle. Conclusion: Postmortem changes in skeletal muscle tissue appear as decreases in HU values on PMCT.
Observations of Turbulent Heat and Momentum Fluxes during Wildland Fires in Forested Environments
Authors: Heilman Warren E. , Bian Xindi , Clark Kenneth L. , Zhong Shiyuan
Published: February 2019

Turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum in the vicinity of wildland fires contribute to the redistribution of heat and momentum in the fire environment, which in turn can affect the heating of fuels, fire behavior, and smoke dispersion. As an extension of previous observational studies of turbulence regimes in the vicinity of wildland fires in forested environments, this study examines the effects of spreading surface fires and forest overstory vegetation on turbulent heat and momentum fluxes from near the surface to near the top of the overstory vegetation. Profiles of high-frequency (10 Hz) wind velocity and temperature measurements during two prescribed fire experiments are used to assess the relative contributions of horizontal and vertical turbulent fluxes of heat and momentum to the total heat and momentum flux fields. The frequency-dependent temporal variability of the turbulent heat and momentum fluxes before, during, and after fire-front passage is also examined using cospectral analyses. The study results highlight the effects that surface wildland fires and forest overstory vegetation collectively can have on the temporal and vertical variability of turbulent heat and momentum fluxes in the vicinity of the fires and the substantial departures of heat and momentum cospectra from typical atmospheric surface-layer cospectra that can occur before, during, and after fire-front passage.
Monitoring of Drought Awareness from Google Trends: A Case Study of the 2011–17 California Drought
Authors: Kam Jonghun , Stowers Kimberly , Kim Sungyoon
Published: February 2019

This study introduces “Google Trends” as a social data source in monitoring and modeling the dynamics of drought awareness during the 2011–17 California drought. In this study, drought awareness is defined and operationalized as the relative search interest activities within California, using the search term “drought” from Google Trends. First, the 2011–17 California drought is characterized in the duration–intensity curve with other historical California droughts for comparative purposes, using the 12-month standard precipitation index data (1895–2017). Second, the potential triggers of the peaks of drought awareness during the 2011–17 California drought are investigated through Google Trends and Google Search. The Google Trends data show that the first peak of drought awareness occurred when the drought condition reached its peak and the governor declared the drought emergency (January 2014). The other peaks in August 2014, April 2015, and January 2017 are related to public interest in drought recovery driven by the forecast of the strong El Niño winter of 2014/15, the governor’s issue of water use rules, and California floods in early 2017, respectively. Last, a power-law decay model of drought awareness is fitted to the Google Trends data. According to the fitted power-law model, Californians remained interested in drought after the social trigger–related peaks longer than they did after the natural trigger–related peaks. The findings of this study suggest that it is necessary to develop a more realistic social dynamic modeling for communities that can respond to natural and human triggers and capture interactions with awareness of related disasters.
Health Status of Children Enrolled in a Family Navigator Program to Eliminate Intergenerational Poverty
Authors: Schilling Samantha , Jamison Shaundreal , Wood Charles , Perrin Eliana , Austin Coby Jansen , Sheridan Juliet , Young Allison , Burchinal Margaret , Flower Kori B.
Published: February 2019

In 2014, Family Success Alliance (FSA) was formed as a place-based initiative to build a pipeline of programs to reduce the impact of poverty on outcomes for children living in Orange County, North Carolina. In this study, FSA parents’ perception of child health, parent and child adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), and resilience were obtained by parent interview. Receipt of recommended health services were abstracted from primary care medical records of FSA children. Correlation coefficients investigated relationships among health, ACEs, and resilience. Among 87 parent-child dyads, 65% were Spanish speaking. At least 1 of the 7 ACEs measured was reported in 37% of children and 70% of parents. Parent perceptions of child health were lower than national averages. Routine preventive services included the following: autism screening at 18 months (15%) and 24 months (31%); ≥4 fluoride varnish applications (10%); lead screening (66%); and receipt of immunizations (94%). Parent perception of child health was moderately correlated with resilience.
Aelred of Rievaulx’s Relational Anthropology in Socio-Historical and Religious Context
Authors: Lee Sungho
Published: February 2019

The Cistercian monk, Aelred of Rievaulx, is unique in his emphasis on relationship with others. While Aelred’s socio-historical context—that of a twelfth-century Renaissance, Cistercian community, with its increased emphasis on friendship—contributed to his relational anthropology, I argue that Aelred possessed his own relational vision, and out of passionate love was active in pursuing unity between his secular and religious communities, and also with other persons in his communities. This relational vision and action, which is highly consonant with contemporary anthropology, is embedded in the theological anthropology of his writings, where he confirms that the essence of the human being is relational.
Inference of Diets of Early Hominins from Primate Molar Form and Microwear
Authors: Ungar P.S.
Published: February 2019

Paleontologists use fossil teeth to reconstruct the diets of early hominins and other extinct species. Some evidence is adaptive: nature selects for tooth size, shape, and structure best suited to specific food types. Other evidence includes traces left by actual foods eaten, such as microscopic tooth wear. This critical review considers how molars work, how they are used, and how occlusal topography and dental microwear can be used to infer diet and food preferences in the past, particularly for hominins of the Pliocene and early Pleistocene. Understanding that cheek teeth function as guides for chewing and tools for fracturing allows us to characterize aspects of occlusal form that reflect mechanical properties of foods to which a species is adapted. Living primates that often eat leaves, for example, have longer crests and more sloping occlusal surfaces than those that prefer hard foods. Studies of feeding ecology have shown, however, that tooth shape does not always correspond to preferred food items. It often follows mechanically challenging foods whether eaten often or rarely. Other lines of evidence that reflect actual tooth use are required to work out food preferences. Microwear textures, for example, reflect foods eaten by individuals in the past such that hard seeds and bone tend to leave complex, pitted surface textures, whereas tough leaves and meat more often leave anisotropic ones covered in long, parallel scratches. The study of fossil hominin molars shows how these various attributes are combined to infer diet and food preference in the past. A trend in occlusal morphology suggests decreased dietary specialization from Australopithecus to early Homo, and increasing dispersion in microwear complexity values is consistent with this. On the other hand, occlusal morphology may suggest dietary specialization in Paranthropus, although different species of this genus have different microwear texture patterns despite similar craniodental adaptations.