bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Knowledge and Attitudes on Preventing and Treating Dentin Hypersensitivity and Its Predicting Factors: A Cross-sectional Study with Brazilian Citizens
Authors: Mosquim Victor , Carneiro Gabriela Utrago , Foratori-Junior Gerson Aparecido , Honório Heitor Marques , Gillam David Geoffrey , Wang Linda
Published: December 2022

Objectives Most dental schools have included dentin hypersensitivity (DH) as part of their taught curriculum to educate undergraduates; however, it is possible that the public still does not recognize its symptoms and the factors that predispose to the onset of this condition. Thus, the aim of this study was to assess the knowledge of a Brazilian population regarding the prevention and treatment of DH and to identify what self-reported factors can serve as predictors of the frequency of DH.

Materials and Methods An online questionnaire investigated the demographic characteristics, oral health self-perception and attitudes, and DH prevention and treatment measures of 226 participants.

Statistical analysis Data were analyzed descriptively and by a multiple linear regression with DH frequency score as the dependent variable (α < 0.05).

Results Total 61.1% of females (n = 138) and 38.9% of males (n = 88) (mean age: 35.1 ± 12.2 years) completed the questionnaire. The sample's mean DH frequency score (minimum 0; maximum 20) was 4.2 and classified as low, with 19.1% using desensitizing products and 22.1% reporting having noncarious cervical lesions (NCCLs). When experiencing DH episodes, 21.2% never and 30.1% rarely scheduled dental appointments. Regression analysis retrieved a significant final model (F [5,220] = 12.047; p < 0.001; R
2 = 0.215).

Conclusion This study identified that 36.7% and 18.6% of the sample were unaware that DH can be both prevented and treated, respectively. Moreover, the presence of NCCLs, frequency of daily toothbrushing, use of desensitizing products, presence of DH modulating factors, and the presence of parafunctional habits symptoms served as predictors of DH frequency.
Electromyographic Evaluations of Masticatory Muscle Activity between Patients with Skeletal Class I and III Relationships
Authors: Kulchutisin Pakwan , Sowithayasakul Thanaporn , Pumklin Jittima , Piyapattamin Thosapol
Published: December 2022

Objective The aim of this study was to compare the muscle activity of the masseter muscle (MM) and anterior temporal muscle (TA) of patients with skeletal Class I and III during maximum voluntary clenching (MVC) at the intercuspal position (ICP) and during chewing.

Materials and Methods Twenty patients were divided into Steiner's skeletal Class I and III groups. MM and TA activity during each task was measured by using surface electromyography. Averaged MM and TA activity during both tasks, symmetry of each muscle activity, synergy between ipsilateral MMs and TAs, and muscle effort were compared.

Statistical Analysis Means and standard deviations of intergroup variables were compared by an independent sample t-test for parametric evaluations or by the Mann–Whitney U test for nonparametric evaluations. A probability value of p less than 0.05 was considered significant.

Results Averaged MM activity and muscle synergy during MVC at the ICP in skeletal Class III patients were lower than that in skeletal Class I patients. Neither symmetry nor muscle effort during both tasks was different.

Conclusion Masticatory muscle performance of skeletal Class III patients was inferior to that of skeletal Class I patients.
Superthin Flap Harvesting Procedure: Technical Note
Authors: Calabrese Sara , Innocenti Marco
Published: December 2022

The anterolateral thigh (ALT) flap has been extensively discussed in the literature as it allows for a wide variety and depth of tissues for complex wound coverage. Thanks to many cadaveric and angiographic studies of the subdermal plexus, it is to date ascertained that tailoring ALT thickness can be safely performed without compromising flap outcomes or causing additional morbidity. Recently, the authors applied and described a simpler, safer, and less time-consuming superthin ALT perforator (ALTP) free flap harvesting technique. The aim of this article is to show the versatility of the adipofascial flap harvested around the chosen perforators, which allowed us to safely expand the usage of ALTP superthin flaps.
Evolution of Anatomical Studies on the Arterial, Venous, and Lymphatic System in Plastic Surgery
Authors: Woo Soo Jin , Koo Hee Tae , Park Seong Oh , Suami Hiroo , Chang Hak
Published: December 2022

Anatomies of the vascular and lymphatic systems have been vital research topics in reconstructive surgery. Harvey was a pioneer who provided the earliest descriptions of the cutaneous vasculature in the 17th century. The concept of vascular territories of the skin was first described by Manchot. The radiographic injection method in cadavers was developed by Salman, who defined more than 80 vascular territories. The arterial system has been thoroughly investigated with the development of regional and free flaps. The concept of axial and random pattern flaps was introduced by McGregor and Morgan. Manchot's vascular territories were refined by Taylor and Palmer as the angiosome concept. Detailed information about the venous circulation is essential for reconstructive surgeries. The concept of intrinsic and extrinsic venocutaneous vascular systems was introduced by Nakajima and led to the development of the venoadipofascial flap. The importance of venous augmentation in flap survival was emphasized by Chang. The lymphatic system was discovered much later than the arterial and venous systems. Aselli was credited for discovering the lacteal vessels in the 17th century; mercury was popularly used as a contrast agent to distinguish lymphatic vessels for the next three centuries. A radiographic method in cadavers was developed by Suami. Lymphatic imaging devices are constantly upgrading, and photoacoustic imaging was recently introduced for three-dimensional visualization of architecture of superficial layers of the lymphatic and venous systems.
Legal Weakness, Investment Risks, and Distressed Acquisitions: Evidence from Russian Regions
Authors: Iwasaki Ichiro , Adachi Yuko
Published: December 2022

This paper traces the survival status of 93,260 Russian business firms in the period of 2007–2019 and empirically examines the determinants of the acquisition of financially distressed companies (i.e., distressed acquisitions). We found that, of 93,260 firms, 50,743 failed in management, and among these distressed firms, 10,110 were rescued by acquisition during the observation period. Our empirical results indicate that, in Russian regions, the weakness of the legal system tends to increase the probability of distressed acquisitions, while other socioeconomic risks negatively affect it. These tendencies are common in most industries and regions. It is also revealed that, in the most-developed area, monotown enterprises are more likely than other firms to be bailed out by acquisition after management failure, but it is not always true for the whole federation.
Solitary waves dissipation in pair-ion plasmas for (r, q)-distributed electrons
Authors: Khan Majid , Haris M. , Kamran M. , Mirza A. M.
Published: December 2022

Solitary waves in a symmetric pair-ion plasma are studied as affected by various plasma parameters, e.g., electron density, collision frequency, ion temperatures, (r, q)-distributed electrons. In this regard, plasma fluid equations have been used to simulate the plasma system for which a reductive perturbation technique is applied to derive the relevant damped Korteweg–de Vries equation. The effects of spectral indices, collision frequency, ion-electron temperature ratios, and density on the time evolution of perturbed potential profile have been illustrated and benchmarked with Boltzmann distributed electrons. It is observed that the nonthermal population significantly affects the soliton amplitude, which increases with r and q. Furthermore, it also grows with electron density and ion temperature; however, there is a in the slowing down rate in the case of the latter. An increase in the collision frequency leads to faster damping in both the amplitude and speed of the solitary potential profiles. This work will be useful in the determination of plasma dynamics for pair-ion plasma systems containing nonthermal electrons, especially with flat-topped distribution functions, e.g., as found in Earth's magnetosheath and magnetotail, as well as in laboratory experiments with the fullerene plasma. To the best of our knowledge, a general description for pair ion plasmas using (r, q) distribution has never been reported. This study can explore a huge variety of velocity distribution functions—via the two index nonthermal parameters, in contrast to single index counterparts.
Heating rate of thermal electrons by the fast part of EDF in the ionosphere
Authors: Li Yong , Li Hui , Bogdanov E. A. , Kudryavtsev A. A. , Yuan Chengxun , Yao Jingfeng , Zhou Zhongxiang , Wu Jian
Published: December 2022

An alternative conclusion to the work of W. R. Hoegy [“Thermal electron heating rate: A derivation,” J. Geophys. Res. 89(A2), 977–985 (1984)] is presented, and rigorous analytical expressions for heating thermal Maxwellian electrons by the fast part of the energy distribution function (EDF) with an arbitrary dependence on energy are obtained. This makes the calculation of thermal electron heating under specific conditions possible, as well as scaling the obtained results. For the most convenient bi-Maxwell approximation of the EDF, comparatively simple analytical expressions for heating, convenient for practical calculations, are obtained. It has been shown that these expressions are in good agreement with the results of the fundamental Hoegy's work. Analytical expressions for heating thermal electrons by fast electrons, with a power-law distribution dependence on energy, are also presented.
Orbital-angular-momentum beams-based Fizeau interferometer using the advanced azimuthal-phase-demodulation method
Authors: Lu Huali , Huang Xunhua , Guo Chenji , Xu Jiayang , Xu Jiannan , Hao Hui , Zhao Hua , Tang Wanchun , Wang Peng , Li Hongpu
Published: December 2022

A stably acquiring and accurately demodulating interferogram is crucial for the interferometer to achieve ultra-high precision and sensitivity measurements. In this study, a robust orbital angular momentum (OAM) beams-based Fizeau interferometer is proposed and experimentally demonstrated, which is more compact and stable than the OAM interferometers with other structures due to the common optical path characteristic. In accordance with such an interferometric scheme, a phase-demodulation method operated in the domain of the OAM complex spectrum is also proposed and demonstrated in this study. In contrast to other phase-demodulation techniques, the proposed phase-demodulation technique neither requires phase shifters or phase modulators nor brings spectral leakage, which provides a robust alternative enabling to accurately and quickly extract the phase from the OAM interferogram. As a proof-of-concept of the proposed scheme, tiny displacements ranging from 0 to 800 nm were measured. The proposed OAM beams-based Fizeau interferometer and the corresponding azimuthal phase demodulation method may provide a feasible way for exploring further applications of the OAM-based interferometer in metrology.
Perspectives on MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films and its Al-alloy for power electronics application
Authors: Rehm Jana , Chou Ta-Shun , Bin Anooz Saud , Seyidov Palvan , Fiedler Andreas , Galazka Zbigniew , Popp Andreas
Published: December 2022

Beta gallium oxide (β-Ga2O3) is a promising ultra-wide bandgap semiconductor with attractive physical properties for next-generation high-power devices, radio frequency electronics, and solar-blind ultraviolet radiation detectors. Here, we present an overview and perspective on the development of MOVPE-grown (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films and its role in supplementing high-power electronics. We review the development path of the growth process on (100) β-Ga2O3 thin films with a discussion regarding the solved and remaining challenges. The structural defect formation mechanism, substrate treatment strategies, and different growth windows are analyzed to optimize the grown film to fulfill the requirements for device fabrication. Toward industrial applications, MOVPE-grown β-Ga2O3 thin films are evaluated in two aspects: thick layers with smooth surface roughness and the electrical properties in terms of high carrier mobility and low doping concentration. Based on the reviewed results, we propose strategies in substrate preparation treatments and supportive tools such as the machine learning approaches for future growth process optimization and envision the rising interest of the β-Ga2O3-related alloy, β-(AlxGa1−x)2O3.
Dissociation dynamics of a diatomic molecule in an optical cavity
Authors: Mondal Subhadip , Wang Derek S. , Keshavamurthy Srihari
Published: December 2022

We study the dissociation dynamics of a diatomic molecule, modeled as a Morse oscillator, coupled to an optical cavity. A marked suppression of the dissociation probability, both classical and quantum, is observed for cavity frequencies significantly below the fundamental transition frequency of the molecule. We show that the suppression in the probability is due to the nonlinearity of the dipole function. The effect can be rationalized entirely in terms of the structures in the classical phase space of the model system.
Magnetostatics of room temperature compensated Co/Gd/Co/Gd-based synthetic ferrimagnets
Authors: Kools Thomas J. , van Gurp Marnix C. , Koopmans Bert , Lavrijsen Reinoud
Published: December 2022

Flexibility for interface engineering and access to all-optical switching of the magnetization make synthetic ferrimagnets an interesting candidate for advanced optospintronic devices. Moreover, due to their layered structure and disordered interfaces, they also bear promise for the emerging field of graded magnetic materials. The fastest and most efficient spin–orbit torque driven manipulation of the magnetic order in this material system generally takes place at compensation. Here, we present a systematic experimental and modeling study of the conditions for magnetization compensation and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in the synthetic ferrimagnetic Co/Gd/Co/Gd system. A model based on partial intermixing at the Co/Gd interfaces of this system has been developed which explains the experiments well and provides a tool to understand its magnetic characteristics. More specifically, this work provides further insight into the decay of the Co proximity-induced magnetization in the Gd, and the role the capping layer plays in the Gd magnetization.
Enhanced environmental stability of n-type polymer transistors with nickel contacts
Authors: Chen Quanhua , Zhu Rujun , Zhao Xing , Hao Bingxian , Li Binhong , Yu Zhihao , Sun Huabin , Wu Jie , Tan Chee Leong , Xu Yong
Published: December 2022

N-type organic field-effect transistors have suffered from poor environmental instability. Here, we report that, by using nickel (Ni) instead of the commonly used gold (Au) as contact electrodes, n-type polymer transistors showed much improved stability upon annealing in nitrogen and exposure to air. In particular, Au-contacted devices exhibited pronounced ambipolar conduction whereas Ni-contacted devices retained fairly good unipolar properties. The results are important to build stable n-type polymer transistors at low cost.
Laminar and turbulent flow development study in a rectangular duct with 180° sharp bend by using stereo particle image velocimetry and liquid crystal thermography measurements
Authors: Ali Nishab , Tariq Andallib
Published: December 2022

This work presents a detailed insight into the flow progression and surface heat transfer distribution across the sharp 180° bend of a two-pass rectangular duct for laminar (Re = 800) and turbulent (Re = 6500) in-flow conditions. Stereoscopic particle image velocimetry (stereo PIV) as well as two-dimensional and two-component PIV measurements and liquid crystal thermography techniques are appropriately used for flow and heat transfer characterization across the complete sharp 180° bend. The centrifugal instabilities arise due to the sharp bend, which induces the secondary flows in the form of counter-rotating vortex pairs commonly known as Dean vortices. These secondary vortices play a significant role in the localized laminar–turbulent transition and turbulence augmentations for laminar and turbulent inflow conditions. Subsequently, quantitative analysis shows that complete 180° turning of flow resulted in intense augmentation of spatially averaged turbulence quantities. Root mean square (RMS) fluctuations in the transverse direction V¯T|rms increase by 298% and 186% for respective flow conditions. Augmentation of ∼ 287% (laminar) and 260% (turbulent) in the wall-normal RMS fluctuations (V¯N|rms) are observed. These augments in transverse and wall-normal velocity fluctuations result in a very sharp amplification of spatially averaged turbulent kinetic energy (k¯), that is, 1825% for inlet laminar and 928% for inlet turbulent flow regimes.
Monolithic high-performance micro-LEDs using planar-geometry pixelation process for high-resolution micro-display applications
Authors: Xu Feng , Zhou Yuxue , Meng Xiangdong , Zhou Liming , Xie Zili , Yu Guohao , Zhang Baoshun
Published: December 2022

Herein, a monolithic micro-pixelated light-emitting diode (μLED) display realized using ion-surface-treatment-based planar-geometry pixelation is reported. A high-resolution blue-emitting μLED array is fabricated by optimizing ion species of a near-surface selectively positioned isolation process. The μLED array exhibiting inhibited surface recombination and higher output power is achieved by using heavy ions, such as fluorine (F−), due to more stable opto-electrical isolation and better process reliability. Furthermore, the low forward voltage of F−-IST-based μLED pixels can effectively improve the wall-plug efficiency for the μLED array with a pixel diameter of 6 μm. Conversely, the poor thermal stability of light hydrogen (H+) ions limits its device applications. Analysis based on a rate equation model reveals that the luminescence mechanism of F−-IST-based μLEDs is dominated by radiative recombination, which will benefit the planar-geometry pixelation for realizing highly efficient full-color microdisplays.
Notes on Tadarida australis (Chiroptera: Molossidae).
Authors: Hall L.S. , Richards G. C.
Published: December 2022

NA
The present knowledge of Australian Chiroptera.
Authors: Hamilton-Smith E.
Published: December 2022

The Australian bat fauna includes 52 described species. Further taxonomic clarification is desirable in several genera. Although the historical zoogeography and evolution may be inferred, no fossil evidence has yet been recorded. With the exception of the Bent-winged Bat, Miniopterus schreibersii, and the flying foxes, Pteropus spp., little is known of the biology of Australian species.
An historical introduction to studies on the evolution and phylogeny of the Macropodidae.
Authors: Ride W. D. L.
Published: December 2022

NA
Diel activity of three small mammals coexisting in forest in southern Victoria.
Authors: Hall S.
Published: December 2022

The diel activity patterns of Antechinus stuartii, A. swainsonii, and Rattus fuscipes assimilis were monitored by live trapping, and compared with activity observed at baited stations in the field. Observed activity was consistent with trap-revealed activity patterns except in October. Antechinus stuartii and R. fuscipes are both largely nocturnal with coinciding peaks of activity. Activity of A. swainsonii occurs across the whole 24 h day, with activity peaks often occurring before or after the activity peaks of A. stuartii and R. fuscipes. The nocturnal activity of A. stuartii appears related to feeding behaviour best suited for utilising nocturnally active and exposed prey. The more constant activity of A. swainsonii may be related to feeding on a continuously available, though concealed, prey in litter and loose soil. Neither predation, competitor avoidance, or food quality or distribution appears to account for the wholly nocturnal activity of R. fuscipes.
Pseudomys pilligaensis, a new species of murid rodent from the Pilliga Scrub, northern New South Wales
Authors: Fox B. J. , Briscoe D. A.
Published: December 2022

Specimens of a conilurine rodent were recognised as belonging to a new species on the basis of an electrophoretic analysis, an account of which is to be given elsewhere. Here, we analyse the body measurements and 34 skull characters of the new species, Pseudomys pilligaensis, together with a description, measurements and photographs of the type series. The species is known only from the Pilliga Scrub, a sand substrate isolate supporting mixed Callitris (Cypress Pine) - Eucalyptus forest and heath communities. Morphologically Pseudomys pilligaensis is closest to Pseudomys delicatulus although some characters are shared with Pseudomys hermannsburgensis and others with Pseudomys novaehollandiae.
Nomenclature of the gliding possum genera Petaurus and Petauroides (Marsupialia: Petauridae).
Authors: McKay G. M.
Published: December 2022

The application and usages of the generic names for the gliding possums are reviewed. The name Schoinobates Lesson, 1842, is unavailable for the Greater Glider and the name Petauroides Thomas, 1888, must be used.
Diet of the Yellow-bellied Glider Petaurus australis (Marsupialia: Petauridae) in north Queensland.
Authors: Smith A. P. , Russell R.
Published: December 2022

The diet of the Yellow-bellied Glider was studied at Herberton in north Queensland by faecal analysis. The Glider was found to consume a variety of arboreal arthropods, principally tree crickets, adult and larval beetles, caterpillars and spiders. The bulk of the diet was thought to consist of exudates including eucalypt sap, eucalypt nectar and to a lesser extent insect honey dew. Some aspects of the life history of this species are consistent with a high sap, low arthropod (and hence protein) diet.
Observations on skull growth and eruption of teeth in the marsupial bandicoot Perameles nasuta (Marsupialia: Peramelidae).
Authors: Lyne A. G.
Published: December 2022

A series of 241 skulls of Perameles nasuta from New South Wales, collected in the course of other studies, has been examined. Particular attention has been given to 69 skulls of animals bred in captivity and of known (or estimated) age, ranging from 42 to 1200 days. All skulls were assigned to dental age classes based on tooth eruption, replacement and wear. Anatomical features as well as measurements have been used to compare the skulls of animals of different ages. The loss of teeth in some animals caged indoors for more than about two years appeared to be related to the laboratory diet.
Agonistic interactions between bats and arboreal marsupials.
Authors: Borsboom A.
Published: December 2022

NA
Observations on the feeding and reproductive status of captive feather-tailed possums, Distoechurus pennatus (Marsupialia: Burramyidae).
Authors: Woolley P. A. , Allison A.
Published: December 2022

NA
On the uncertain generic status and phylogenetic relationships of the large extinct vombatid species Phascolomys medius Owen, 1872 (Marsupialia: Vombatidae).
Authors: Dawson L.
Published: December 2022

A vombatid skull from Pleistocene deposits of Wellington Caves, New South Wales, is shown to be referable to Phascolomys medius Owen, 1872. It reveals characters of the palate that refute previously suggested allocation of this species to Lasiorhinus Gray, 1863. Cladistic analysis has yielded two hypotheses, both indicating a closer relationship of P. medius to either Phascolonus gigas (Owen, 1858) or to Ramsayia magna (Owen, 1872) , than to species of Lasiorhinus. Both hypotheses require many assumptions of parallelism and several reversals. The most parsimonious hypothesis indicates that Phascolomys medius is the sister group of Phascolonus gigas, but these species are not congeneric.
Notes on breeding in Sminthopsis (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Read D. G. , Fox B. J. , Whitford D.
Published: December 2022

NA
Reproduction in Sminthopsis ooldea (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Aslin H. J.
Published: December 2022

NA
Habitat utilized by Pseudomys oralis Thomas (Rodentia: Muridae).
Authors: King G. C.
Published: December 2022

Following the rediscovery of Pseudomys oralis in New South Wales in late 1981 efforts were made to increase knowledge of its natural distribution and describe its known habitat. Trapping was carried out on seven state forests and one national park from the Hastings Valley north to the Queensland border. Pseudomys oralis was only captured at two sites. Habitat variables, primarily floristic and structural, were either measured or recorded at two capture sites in New South Wales together with another known site at Emu Creek near Warwick in Queensland. High density of low ground cover and proximity to running water were common to all sites. The limited number of animal captures precluded detailed dietary analysis.
Reproduction and breeding season of Planigale gilesi and P. tenuirostris (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae).
Authors: Read D. G.
Published: December 2022

Reproduction of Planigale gilesi and P. tenuirostris was studied in the laboratory and in the field in ariel western New South Wales. Females of each species have 12 teats and the pouch morphology is similar. Courting and mating behaviour and some associated vocalizations are described. During oestrus females make "mate-attracting" calls. Planigale gilesi females are in oestrus for 3 days and the oestrous cycle is 21 days. Oestrus in P. tenuirostris is for 1 day, the oestrous cycle is 33 days and the gestation period is 19 days. The breeding season in each species extends from July/August to mid-January. Males commenced spermatogenesis during July and became aspermatogenic during the following March. In free-living populations most litters were born in September and lesser numbers spread throughout the breeding season. All females attempted to produce at least one litter and some produced two litters in a season. Breeding males in the field had prominent fur discolouration from the sternal gland. The extended but seasonal breeding season of the planigales is similar to that of other arid zone dasyuricls. It coincides with the increases in food resources that occur during the spring and summer months.
A new macropodine genus and species (Marsupialia: Macropodidae) from the early Pleistocene of southwestern Victoria.
Authors: Flannery T. F. , Hann L.
Published: December 2022

Baringa nelsonensis n. gen. and sp. is the most abundant marsupial of the early Pleistocene Nelson Bay local fauna, of the Lower Nelson Bay Formation at Nelson Bay, southwestern Victoria. It is unknown elsewhere. Baringa nelsonensis shares similarities in molar and premolar morphology with some species of Thylogale but its I3 and dentary are most similar to those of species of Onychogalea. The presence of a distinct ridge along the ventral margin of the masseteric foramen and the excavation of the jugal below the orbit indicate that the external and second layers of the masseteric musculature were enlarged and powerful. This musculature facilitates forward movement of the dentary. These features along with the peculiar morphology and wear pattern of I1 indicate an unusual masticatory and thus probable dietary adaptation for Baringa nelsonensis.
On the occurrence of female coalitions in tree kangaroos (Marsupialia, Macropodidae, Dendrolagus).
Authors: Ganslosser U.
Published: December 2022

NA
New Miocene megadermatids (Chiroptera: Megadermatidae) from Australia with comments on megadermatid phylogenetics
Authors: Hand S. J.
Published: December 2022

Two new species of megadermatid bats (Macroderma godthelpi and an unnamed taxon) are described from middle Miocene limestone deposits on Riversleigh Station, northwestern Queensland and their probable phylogentic positions within the Megadermatidae are discussed. The new Riversleigh species appear to be representatives of two separate megadermatid lineages. Consideration is given to the significance of the Australian forms within a world context. The Riversleigh material has also prompted a re-evaluation of morphological characters used to determine limits for fossil megadermatids. To facilitate this assessment, size and morphological variation present in Australia's Recent megadermatid, Macroderma gigas, have been investigated.
Patterns of diversity and structure of mammalian assemblages in the Australian tropics.
Authors: Braithwaite R. W. , Winter J. W. , Taylor J. A. , Parker B. S.
Published: December 2022

The assemblages of small mammals (excluding bats) found in 15 broad habitat types in the tropical and sub-tropical, non-arid parts of Australia (i.e. the Torresian zoogeographic sub-region) were examined. Data from a wide variety of published and unpublished sources were used to develop relative indices of mammal density (0-4) for a total of 332 sites distributed over 65 regions. General estimates of diet, activity pattern, microhabitats and body size of each species were used to examine the niche characteristics of the different assemblages. Classifications of 107 species into 11 guilds and the 332 sites into 13 community types were performed. Two groups of habitat types emerged: an extensive major series with high mammal diversity and a restricted minor series of lower plant diversity occurring where water accumulates in landscapes. Support is provided for productivity, structural diversity, area, usurpation by external taxa and particularly for floristic diversity hypotheses of species diversity.
Dental functional morphology in the marsupial sabre-tooth Thylacosmilus atrox (Thylacosmilidae) compared to that of the felid sabre-tooths.
Authors: Churcher C. S.
Published: December 2022

The South American Middle to Late Pliocene fauna of Argentina included the borhyaenid marsupials Thylacosmilus atrox and Notosmilus pattersoni, the latter known only from a single Late Pliocene occurrence. Thylacosmilus atrox has been interpreted as a marsupial with a carnivorous specialisation convergent on the fissipede and machairodont sabre-tooths of Eurasia, Africa and North America. Thylacosmilus atrox superficially resembles placental sabre-tooths in general conformation but also shows remarkable divergences, some of which are attributable to its marsupial ancestry.
Movements and day roosts of the Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio (Gray) (Microchiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in a logged forest.
Authors: Lunney D. , Barker J. , Priddel D.
Published: December 2022

Movements and day roosts of the Chocolate Wattled Bat Chalinolobus morio were studied in Mumbulla State Forest near Bega on the south coast of New South Wales from 1981-1984. Part of the forest had been intensively logged since 1979, leaving a patchwork of alternate logged and unlogged coupes of 10-20 ha each. This part of the forest contained the major part of the study area. The location of roosts and the movements of bats were estimated from (a) recapture data of 11 bats from among the 88 which had been caught, banded and released, (b) reports by logging crews, and (c) radio emissions from transmitters fitted to 3 bats. Trapping data alone greatly underestimated distances moved by this species. Radio-tracking revealed that C. morio can fly rapidly through several kilometres of forest and so make use of widespread resources. It was concluded that the assessment of habitat preferences of this species should incorporate resources within at least 5 km from the site of capture. All three bats caught in logged forest flew 5 km to roost in unlogged forest, and the two identified roosts were in exceptionally large trees. The authors concluded that to conserve C. morio in a forest to be logged requires the retention of some trees in a range of age classes to replace existing roost trees when they die and fall, as well as the retention of areas of forest in a permanently unlogged state.
Winter occurrence of the Mountain Pygmy-possum, Burramys parvus (Broom) (Marsupialia: Burramyidae), on Mt Higginbotham, Victoria.
Authors: Mansergh I. M. , Scotts D. J.
Published: December 2022

Between June, 1982 and October, 1984 traps were laid in the subnivean space of the optimal breeding habitat of Burramys parvus. Mean trapping success during both the snow-free and post-snow periods was more than 12%. No B. parvus were caught in traps set under the snow; the animals either have long periods of torpor and/or their activity is limited to feeding from their food caches, which are presumably located near to the nest (s). Food caches were similar to those of Burramys in captivity. In only one of 14 buildings located within 100 m of B. parvus habitat on Mt Higginbotham was B. parvus trapped during the snow period. In that building, the University Ski Club Lodge (USCL), where the mean trapping success was 28%, 10 females and 13 males were caught. Most of the females were caught during late October. About 50% of animals had been previously tagged during the snow-free period. During the snow period, the number of adult females moving to the USCL was few (8.1% of previous taggings, compared to adult males, 21%). Males returned to female breeding habitat during the breeding season October-November. These data suggest that the Burramys population is sexually segregated during the nonbreeding season.
Energy and water metabolism of the Kowari, Dasyuroides byrnei (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) , while resting and running.
Authors: MacMillen R. E. , Dawson T. J.
Published: December 2022

The Kowari (Dasyuroides byrnei) , a small desert-dwelling carnivorous/insectivorous marsupial, has rates of oxygen consumption (VO2) at rest close to those expected for a dasyurid of that size (111 g). At each ambient temperature tested (15, 25 and 33° C) running VO2, was elevated above resting rates, with a direct relationship between VO2, and running speed. Rates of evaporative water loss (EWL) during running also were elevated above those while at rest , but not to the extent of VO2. We estimated that a foraging D. byrnei can offset evaporative water deficits by metabolic water production and that an insectivorous diet (metabolic plus preformed water) will readily provide all of the animal's water needs either at rest or while active on the surface at night.
Food availability and habitat selection of Sminthopsis leucopus (Gray) (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae) in logged forest on the south coast of New South Wales.
Authors: Lunney D. , Ashby E. , Grigg J. , O'Connell M.
Published: December 2022

Diet was assessed using faecal pellet analysis. Food availability was measured on ridges and in gullies of logged. unlogged and regenerating forest using pitfall traps. Sminthopsis leucopus ate a wide variety of prey, including vertebrates. The observed similarity between the invertebrates in scats and pitfall traps in the preferred habitat (logged ridges) indicates that S. leucopus feeds opportunistically. Adequate food resources were available in all ridge habitats yet S. leucopus were captured predominantly in only logged ridge habitat. We conclude that food availability did not influence habitat selection.
Breeding season of brushtail possums, Trichosurus vulpecula (Marsupialia: Phalangeridae) in Adelaide.
Authors: erson K. J. and O'Driscoll M.
Published: December 2022

NA
Diets of sympatric Planigale gilesi and P. tenuirostris (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae): relationships of season and body size.
Authors: Read D. G.
Published: December 2022

The insectivorous diets of Planigale gilesi and P. tenuirostris were studied in the field over a 2-year period by analysis of faeces. Prey items were grouped according to taxonom ic order and size class with the aid of a reference collection. Abundance of potentially available prey was estimated from light trap and pitfall trap data collected during each session of mammal trapping. In all seasons, P. gilesi and P. tenuirostris were generalists with respect to prey type and prey size: prey items in the diet occurred in the same proportions as those in the available prey. Important prey taxa were Coleoptera and Araneida. Large planigales of the same or different species took prey from large size classes that were not utilized by small planigales although all took prey in the small size classes. Approximately 10% of the prey taken by adul ts of the larger species, P. gilesi, was larger than 800 mm3 but P. tenuirostris individuals rarely took prey larger than this size. Body size is a factor that reduces dietary overlap and hence inter- and intraspecific competition.
Changes in mammalian prey of foxes, Vulpes vulpes (Carnivora: Vanidae) over 12 years in a forest park near Melbourne, Victoria.
Authors: Wallis R. L. , Brunner H.
Published: December 2022

NA
Rearing orphan Pteropus spp. (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) for release to the wild.
Authors: Luckhoff H.
Published: December 2022

NA
Concluding remarks to the First National Flying Fox Symposium.
Authors: Hughes R. L.
Published: December 2022

NA
Characteristics of eucalypts incised for sap by the Yellow-bellied Glider, Petaurus australis Shaw (Marsupialia: Petauridae), in northeastern New South Wales.
Authors: Mackowski C. M.
Published: December 2022

Characteristics of trees tapped for sap by Petaurus australis were investigated at 113 localities in northeastern New South Wales. Trees preferentially tapped for sap by P. australis were smooth-barked eucalypts with relatively low cambial electrical resistance. Apart from a minimum stem diameter of about 30 em there was no selection of a particular tree diameter class for sap-tapping. Tapped tree wood characters indicated that about 20 days energy requirement for one P. australis was available from an average tree tapped for sap.
Composition of the milk of the numbat, Myrmecobius fasciatus (Marsupialia:Myrmecobiidae), with particular reference to the fatty acids of the lipids.
Authors: Griffiths M. , Friend J. A. , Whitford D. , Fogerty A. C.
Published: December 2022

The proximate constituents and the fatty acids of the lipid of milk taken from M. fasciatus living in their natural habitat were determined. The lipid is practically all triglyceride. The fatty acid complement was very like that of the milk fat in another anti- and termite-eating mammal, Tachyglossus aculeatus. The fatty acid composition of the milk fat of a M. fasciatus eating a diet based on eggs and milk powder, was different from that of the wild animals.
Responses to novelty by the Australian Swamp Rat, Rattus lutreolus (Rodentia, Muridae).
Authors: Bammer G. , Barnett S. A. , Marples T. G.
Published: December 2022

NA
Observations on freeliving, lactating echidnas, Tachyglossus aculeatus (Monotremata: Tachyglossidae), and sucklings.
Authors: Griffiths M. , Krista F. , Green B. , Fogerty A. C. , Newgrain K.
Published: December 2022

The diameters of home ranges of a lactating Tachyglossus aculeatus multiaculeatus and of two T. a. aculeatus were 425 m, 600 m and 800 m respectively. The nurseries of two of these animals were discovered; one consisted of a short burrow underneath the mound of a termite Nasutitermes exitiosus, the other was a burrow system in a mound of earth and garden refuse. The body weight of the young found under the termite mound increased from 206 g to 566 gin 54 clays, exhibiting an estimated total milk intake of 998 ml, ie. a weight increment of 0.36 g ml-1 milk consumed. The body weight of the other young increased from 1.058 kg to 1.210 kg over a period of 41 clays; milk intake was 581 ml, a weight increment of 0.26 g ml-1 milk consumed. Intervals between sucklings for this young were 5-10 days. During these intervals the female travelled minimum distances of over 2 km. At one of the sucklings a minimum of 190 g milk was ingested. The temperature of the nursery varied from 14 to 23°C. The young of the third female was not discovered, but since her milk, as far as total solids, whey proteins, iron content and fatty acid complement were concerned, was normal for at least 18 days after initial capture, it was concluded she was suckling a young one. In addition to the above, two other suckling T. aculeatus were found. One (body weight 474 g) was living in a burrow but was not visited by its mother during a period of observation lasting 16 days. For most of that time it was torpid; the temperature of the burrow varying from 7.2 to 14.0°C. The other suckling was discovered in an artificial mound of pinewood shavings and chips. Since this nursery was ruined the animal was taken into captivity; it was infested with ticks (Aponomma concolor) at various stages of engorgement.
The Bronze Quoll, Dasyurus spartacus (Marsupialia: Dasyuridae), a new species from the savannahs of Papua New Guinea.
Authors: Van Dyck S.
Published: December 2022

Dasyurus spanacus sp. nov. is described from the low mixed savannahs of southwestern Papua New Guinea. It differs from all other species of Dasyurus in the extreme narrowness of the rostrum measured between left and right lachrymal canals. Its hallux and ear lengths are small. D. spartacus is a specialised species; its affinities lie with D. albopunctatus and possibly D. dunmalli (a fossil species).
One-pot liquid-phase synthesis of MoS2-WS2 van der waals heterostructures for broadband photodetection
Authors: Bose Shaona , Mukherjee Subhrajit , Jana Subhajit , Srivastava Sanjeev Kumar , Ray Samit Kumar
Published: December 2022

Two dimensional (2D) van der Waals heterostructures (vdWHs) have unique potential in facilitating the stacking of layers of different 2D materials for optoelectronic devices with superior characteristics. However, the fabrication of large area all-2D heterostructures is still challenging towards realizing practical devices at a reduced cost. In the present work, we have demonstrated a rapid yet simple, impurity-free and efficient sonication-assisted chemical exfoliation approach to synthesize hybrid vdWHs based on 2D molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) and tungsten disulphide (WS2), with high yield. Microscopic and spectroscopic studies have confirmed the successful exfoliation of layered 2D materials and formation of their hybrid heterostructures. The co-existence of 2D MoS2 and WS2 in the vdWH hybrids is established by optical absorption and Raman shift measurements along with their chemical stiochiometry determined by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The spectral response of the vdWH/Si (2D/3D) heterojunction photodetector fabricated using the as-synthesized material is found to exhibit broadband photoresponse compared to that of the individual 2D MoS2 and WS2 devices. The peak responsivity and detectivity are found to be as high as ∼2.15 A W−1 and 2.05 × 1011 Jones, respectively for an applied bias of –5 V. The ease of fabrication with appreciable performance of the chemically synthesized vdWH-based devices have revealed their potential use for large area optoelectronic applications on Si-compatible CMOS platforms.
Atypical architectural distortion detection in digital breast tomosynthesis: a computer-aided detection model with adaptive receptive field
Authors: Li Yue , He Zilong , Pan Jiawei , Zeng Weixiong , Liu Jialing , Zeng Zhaodong , Xu Weimin , Xu Zeyuan , Wang Sina , Wen Chanjuan , Zeng Hui , Wu Jiefang , Ma Xiangyuan , Chen Weiguo , Lu Yao
Published: December 2022

Objective. In digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), architectural distortion (AD) is a breast lesion that is difficult to detect. Compared with typical ADs, which have radial patterns, identifying a typical ADs is more difficult. Most existing computer-aided detection (CADe) models focus on the detection of typical ADs. This study focuses on atypical ADs and develops a deep learning-based CADe model with an adaptive receptive field in DBT. Approach. Our proposed model uses a Gabor filter and convergence measure to depict the distribution of fibroglandular tissues in DBT slices. Subsequently, two-dimensional (2D) detection is implemented using a deformable-convolution-based deep learning framework, in which an adaptive receptive field is introduced to extract global features in slices. Finally, 2D candidates are aggregated to form the three-dimensional AD detection results. The model is trained on 99 positive cases with ADs and evaluated on 120 AD-positive cases and 100 AD-negative cases. Main results. A convergence-measure-based model and deep-learning model without an adaptive receptive field are reproduced as controls. Their mean true positive fractions (MTPF) ranging from 0.05 to 4 false positives per volume are 0.3846 ± 0.0352 and 0.6501 ± 0.0380, respectively. Our proposed model achieves an MTPF of 0.7148 ± 0.0322, which is a significant improvement (p < 0.05) compared with the other two methods. In particular, our model detects more atypical ADs, primarily contributing to the performance improvement. Significance. The adaptive receptive field helps the model improve the atypical AD detection performance. It can help radiologists identify more ADs in breast cancer screening.
The influence of oxygen concentration on the hollow cathode discharge in He/O2 mixed gas
Authors: He Shoujie , Zhao Lifen , Ha Jing , Fan Weili , Li Qing
Published: December 2022

Hollow cathode discharge in He/O2 mixed gas is simulated using a two-dimensional fluid model for the first time. The model contains 15 particles and 66 reactions. The evolutions of discharge current, electric field, charged and reactive particles with different oxygen concentrations are obtained. The primary mechanisms of generation and loss for particles under different oxygen concentrations are discussed. The results show that the added O2 in helium has both positive and negative effects on the discharge. The discharge does not monotonically change with the increasing oxygen concentration. When the oxygen concentration is low, oxygen admixture could enhance the discharge, that is, the discharge current, radial electric field, electron density,

O

2

+

density, O density, and the O(1D) density increase with the increase of oxygen concentration. When the oxygen concentration is high, it will weaken discharge, that is, the discharge current, radial electric field, electron density,

O

2

+

density, O density, and the O(1D) density decrease with the increase of oxygen concentration. The main reactive particles in discharge are O and O(1D). These densities are much higher than the density of charged particles. The optimal oxygen concentration for O and O(1D) is 0.5% and 0.4%, and the corresponding maximum density is 4.34 × 1013 cm−3 and 1.50 × 1013 cm−3. The generation and loss rates for these particles at different oxygen concentrations are calculated, which contributes to the change in particle densities.
Charge state and Energy distribution of carbon ions and protons emitted from laser-produced graphite plasma
Authors: Abbasi Shahab Ahmed , Ilyas Bushra , Dogar Ashiq Hussain , Qayyum Hamza , Ahmed Nasar , Khan Taj Muhammad , Qayyum Abdul
Published: December 2022

The energy and charge state distribution of atomic carbon ions, carbon cluster ions, and protons emitted during Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm/6 ns) laser irradiation of high purity graphite target was investigated by employing a time of flight ion energy analyzer (TOF-IEA). Laser fluence on the target surface was varied from 2 to 26 J cm−2. At the lower fluence range (2–6 J cm−2), multiply charged low mass odd numbered cluster ions

C

n

q
+

with n = 3, 5, 7 and charge state up to 5 + and carbon atomic ions up to the charge state of 3 + were detected. For the fluence greater than 6.4 J cm−2, carbon atomic ions up to a charge state of 6 + and protons were observed. The energy distribution of various carbon ions and protons was measured at the fluence of 5.1 and 25.5 J cm−2. At 5.1 J cm−2, the measured energy range for carbon cluster ions

C

3

q
+

and carbon

C

1

q
+

was 0.2–3.1 keV and 0.2–1.2 keV, respectively. At 25.5 J cm−2, the energy of carbon ions

C

1

q
+

(q = 2–4) was in the range of 0.4–3.8 keV. Surprisingly, energetic protons with maximum energy of 1.5 keV and considerable intensity were detected at 25.5 J cm−2. The bi-component structure of ion energy distribution suggested a complex ion accelerating mechanism, which is discussed within the framework of the electrostatic model.