bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Analisis Penguasaan Santri Terhadap Kitab Kuning Berdasarkan Pola Pembinaan (Studi Kasus Pondok Pesantren Al-Huda Provinsi Gorontalo)
Authors: Kamaru Abd. Rasyid
Published: April 2020

Pondok pesantren al-Huda provinsi Gorontalo yang didirikan pada tahun 1961 sampai dengan sekarang tetap eksis dalam kajian kitab kuning dan menggunakan sistem klasikal. Penelitian ini mengambil lokasi di pondok pesantren al-Huda provinsi Gorontalo. Data yang diuraikan dalam penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif, adapun metode yang digunakan berupa observasi, interview dan dokumentasi. Sedangkan analisis data menggunakan metode induktif, deduktif dan komparatif. Teknik pengolahan data yaitu menggunakan tiga metode yaitu: reduksi data, penyajian data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penguasaan santri terhadap kitab kuning belum maksimal, maka pola yang dilaksanakan adalah memaksimalkan penguasaan santri pada mata pelajaran nahwu dan sharaf sebagai alat untuk menguasai kitab kuning. Rekomendasi penelitian ini diharapkan dapat meningkatkan kerja sama antar pihak pondok pesantren, pemerintah, masyarakat yang tampak dari sikap, perilaku, pemikiran maupun kerja sama antar pondok pesantren yang terkesan vakum selama ini.
Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar Melalui Metode Diskusi
Authors: Pakaya Femi Asri
Published: April 2020

Penelitian ini bermaksud untuk mengetahui hasil belajar siswa kelas IV dalam pembelajaran IPS dengan menggunakan metode diskusi. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan dapat bermanfaat bagi pengembangan mutu pendidikan di sekolah dasar. Subyek penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas IV SDN 10 Kabila yang berjumlah 22 siswa. Teknik yang digunakan adalah menggunakan metode diskusi dalam pembelajaran. Analisis data atau pengujian hipotesis dilakukan secara bertahap dan berkesinambungan pada setiap akhir pembelajaran. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis secara kuantitatif. Pelaksanaan penelitian dilakukan melalui dua tahap yakni kegiatan pembelajaran siklus I dan siklus II. Pada akhir pembelajaran dilakukan evaluasi dan refleksi untuk mengetahui keberhaislan pembelajaran. Berdasarkan data yang diperoleh pada kegiatan siklus I nilai hasil test evaluasi masih rendah yakni daya serap hanya 59,16% yang mampu memahami mater yang dibelajarkan. Pada saat dilaksanakan siklus II ditemukan peningkatan yang signifikan yakni 77.4% yang sudah memahami materi pembelajaran. Dengan nilai capaian tersebut telah mencapai kriteria Ketuntasan Minimal (KKM) yakni 70%Dengan demikian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kegiatan pembelajaran dengan menggunakan metode diskusi dapat memberikan dampak positif berupa peningkatan hasil belajar siswa.
PROPOSED PROCEDURE FOR OPTIMAL MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING UNDER EMERGENT FAILURES
Authors: Al-Refaie Abbas , Al-Shalaldeh Heba , Lepkova Natalija
Published: April 2020

Production lines are usually subjected to emergent machine failures. Such emergent failures disrupt pre-established
maintenance schedules, which challenge maintenance engineers to react to those failures in real time. This research proposes an optimization
procedure for optimizing scheduling repairs of emergent failures. Three optimization models are developed. Model I schedules failures in newly
idle repair shops with the objective of maximizing the number of scheduled repairs. Model II maximizes the number of assigned repairs to
untapped ranges. Model III maximizes both the number of assigned failure repairs and satisfaction on regular and emergency repairs by
resequencing regular and emergent failures in the shop that contains the largest free margin. A real case study is provided to illustrate
the proposed optimization procedure. Results reveal that the proposed models efficiently scheduled and sequenced emergent failures in the idle
maintenance shops, the untapped ranges between repairs of regular failures, and in the maintenance shop with the largest free margin. In
conclusions, the proposed models can greatly support maintenance engineers in planning repairs under unexpected failures.
Kepler Data Analysis: Non-Gaussian Noise and Fourier Gaussian Process Analysis of Stellar Variability
Authors: Robnik Jakob , Seljak Uroš
Published: April 2020

We develop a statistical analysis model of Kepler stellar flux data in the presence of planet transits, non-Gaussian noise, and stellar variability. We first develop a model for the Kepler noise probability distribution in the presence of outliers, which make the noise probability distribution non-Gaussian. We develop a signal likelihood analysis based on this probability distribution, in which we model the signal as a sum of the star variability and planetary transits. We argue that these components need to be modeled together if optimal signal is to be extracted from the data. For the stellar variability model we develop an optimal Gaussian process analysis using a Fourier-based Wiener filter approach, where the power spectrum is non-parametric and learned from the data. We develop high dimensional optimization of the objective function, where we jointly optimize all the model parameters, including thousands of star variability modes, and planet transit parameters. We apply the method to Kepler-90 data and show that it gives a better match to the stellar variability than the existing methods, and robustly handles noise outliers. As a consequence, the planet radii have a higher value than what the existing methods give, including splines and celerite.
Atacama Cosmology Telescope: Dusty Star-forming Galaxies and Active Galactic Nuclei in the Equatorial Survey
Authors: Gralla Megan B. , Marriage Tobias A. , Addison Graeme , Baker Andrew J. , Bond J. Richard , Crichton Devin , Datta Rahul , Devlin Mark J. , Dunkley Joanna , Dünner Rolando , Fowler Joseph , Gallardo Patricio A. , Hall Kirsten , Halpern Mark , Hasselfield Matthew , Hilton Matt , Hincks Adam D. , Huffenberger Kevin M. , Hughes John P. , Kosowsky Arthur , López-Caraballo Carlos H. , Louis Thibaut , Marsden Danica , Moodley Kavilan , Niemack Michael D. , Page Lyman A. , Partridge Bruce , Rivera Jesus , Sievers Jonathan L. , Staggs Suzanne , Su Ting , Swetz Daniel , Wollack Edward J.
Published: April 2020

We present a catalog of 510 radio-loud active galactic nuclei (AGNs, primarily blazars) and 287 dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) detected by the Atacama Cosmology Telescope at

significance in frequency bands centered on 148 GHz (2 mm), 218 GHz (1.4 mm), and 277 GHz (1.1 mm), from a 480 deg2 strip centered at R.A. 00h on the celestial equator with additional 360 deg2 shallower auxiliary fields at other longitudes. The combination of the deepest available 218 GHz wide-field imaging, our 277 GHz data, and multiband filtering results in the most sensitive wide-field millimeter-wave DSFG selection to date, with rms noise level referenced to 218 GHz reaching below 2 mJy. We have developed new techniques to remove Galactic contamination (including evidence for CO (2−1) line emission) from the extragalactic catalog, yielding a catalog of 321 Galactic sources in addition to the extragalactic catalog. We employ a new flux debiasing method that accounts for the heterogeneous sample selection in the presence of Galactic cuts. We present the spectral properties and source counts of the AGNs and DSFGs. The DSFG spectra depart from the Rayleigh–Jeans regime of an optically thin modified blackbody between 218 and 277 GHz, consistent with optically thick emission or an additional cold dust component. For AGNs with 148 and 218 GHz flux density >50 mJy, we estimate the interyear rms fractional deviation in flux density due to source variability to be 40% with a 0.98 interband correlation coefficient. We provide source counts for AGNs in the range of 8–2870 mJy and for DSFGs in the range of 8–90 mJy. Our DSFG counts probe both the brighter, lensed population and the fainter, unlensed population. At 277 GHz we report the first measurements of source counts at these flux densities, finding an excess above most model count predictions. Finally, we present 30 of the brightest DSFGs that were selected for multifrequency study as candidate high-z lensed systems.
Rotational Disruption of Nonspherical Cometary Dust Particles by Radiative Torques
Authors: Herranen Joonas
Published: April 2020

Rigorous statistical numerical analysis of the response of a nonspherical dust particle ensemble composed of aggregates of astronomical silicate is presented. It is found that the rotational disruption mechanism is not only likely to occur but to be a key element in explaining many separate observations of cometary dust. Namely, radiative torques are shown to spin-up and align cometary dust within the timescales of cometary activity. Additionally, the radiative torque alignment and disruption mechanisms within certain conditions are shown to be consistent with observations of rapid polarization of dust and spectral bluing of dust. The results indicate that radiative torques should be taken into account nearly universally when considering the evolution of cometary dust.
Runaway Coalescence of Pre-common-envelope Stellar Binaries
Authors: MacLeod Morgan , Loeb Abraham
Published: April 2020

We study the process of runaway, unstable Roche lobe overflow in coalescing binary systems and its dependence on the properties of the binary involved. We create three-dimensional hydrodynamic models of binary coalescences and follow them through a phase of increasing Roche lobe overflow until the accretor is engulfed by the donor at the onset of a common-envelope phase. In these models, we vary binary properties of mass ratio, donor structure and spin, and equation of state through the gas adiabatic index. We compare the numerical results to semianalytic models of binary orbit evolution based on mass and angular momentum exchange between two point masses. Using our hydrodynamic simulations, we measure the key parameters: the donor mass-loss rate and the angular momentum exchanged per unit mass loss from the donor. Using these calibrations, the semianalytic model closely reproduces the escalating mass loss and runaway orbital decay observed in the hydrodynamic models. The semianalytic model accurately reproduces the major differences in orbit evolution that arise with varying mass ratio and donor structure. We encapsulate the semianalytic model in a publicly released Python package, RLOF. We apply this model to the observed period decay and subsequent merger of the binary V1309 Sco and find that it can simultaneously reproduce the observed orbital decay and time of outburst. We further demonstrate that there is a relationship between the period derivative and second derivative that can be a useful metric for evaluating candidate merging binaries.
Probing Axial Symmetry Breaking in the Galaxy with Gaia Data Release 2
Authors: Hinkel Austin , Gardner Susan , Yanny Brian
Published: April 2020

We study a set of solar neighborhood (d < 3 kpc) stars from Gaia Data Release 2 to determine azimuthal star count differences, i.e., left and right of the line from the Galactic Center (GC) through the Sun—and compare these differences north and south. In this companion paper to Gardner et al., we delineate our procedures to remove false asymmetries from sampling effects, incompleteness, and/or interloper populations, as this is crucial to tests of axisymmetry. Particularly, we have taken care to make appropriate selections of magnitude, color, in-plane Galactocentric radius, and Galactic

and

. We find that requiring parallax determinations of high precision induces sampling biases, so that we eschew such requirements and exclude, e.g., regions around the lines of sight to the Magellanic Clouds, along with their mirror-image lines of sight, to ensure well-matched data sets. After making conservative cuts, we demonstrate the existence of azimuthal asymmetries and find differences in those, north and south. These asymmetries give key insights into the nature and origins of the perturbations on Galactic matter, allowing us to assess the relative influence of the Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC), the Galactic bar, and other masses on the Galactic mass distribution, as described in Gardner et al. The asymmetry’s radial dependence reveals variations that we attribute to the Galactic bar, and it changes sign at a radius of (0.95 ± 0.03)R
0, with R
0 the Sun–GC distance, to give us the first direct assessment of the outer Lindblad resonant radius.
Clumpy AGN Outflows due to Thermal Instability
Authors: Dannen Randall C. , Proga Daniel , Waters Tim , Dyda Sergei
Published: April 2020

One of the main mechanisms that could drive mass outflows on parsec scales in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is thermal driving. The same X-rays that ionize and heat the plasma are also expected to make it thermally unstable. Indeed, it has been proposed that the observed clumpiness in AGN winds is caused by thermal instability (TI). While many studies employing time-dependent numerical simulations of AGN outflows have included the necessary physics for TI, none have so far managed to produce clumpiness. Here we present the first such clumpy wind simulations in 1D and 2D, obtained by simulating parsec-scale outflows irradiated by an AGN. By combining an analysis of our extensive parameter survey with physical arguments, we show that the lack of clumps in previous numerical models can be attributed to the following three effects: (i) insufficient radiative heating or other physical processes that prevent the outflowing gas from entering the TI zone; (ii) the stabilizing effect of stretching (due to rapid radial acceleration) in cases where the gas enters the TI zone; and (iii) a flow speed effect: in circumstances where stretching is inefficient, the flow can still be so fast that it passes through the TI zone too quickly for perturbations to grow. In addition to these considerations, we also find that a necessary condition to trigger TI in an outflow is for the pressure ionization parameter to decrease along a streamline once gas enters a TI zone.
Emmaüs Connect : donner aux acteurs de l’accompagnement social et médico-social les moyens d’agir face à la précarité numérique
Authors: Deydier Jean
Published: April 2020

Dans un contexte de digitalisation accélérée de la société, plus d’un Français sur quatre est aujourd’hui en difficulté numérique. Cet article propose un éclairage sur les actions menées par Emmaüs Connect depuis six ans pour répondre à ce défi social du xxi e siècle : faire du numérique une chance pour tous. Il présente les moyens de sensibilisation et d’action développés par Emmaüs Connect. Son leitmotiv : donner les moyens d’agir face à la précarité numérique aux acteurs de l’accompagnement social et médico-social.
Les populations étrangères face au numérique
Authors: Faron Lise
Published: April 2020

L’usage de l’Internet est aujourd’hui devenu un passage incontournable dans la majorité des préfectures pour les personnes étrangères qui souhaitent s’informer, demander ou faire renouveler un titre de séjour. Si la dématérialisation des démarches administratives est certainement avantageuse pour une grande partie de la population, elle peut être au contraire une source de rupture d’accès aux droits pour les personnes les plus précaires, notamment si cette dématérialisation devient exclusive de l’usage d’autres modes d’accès au service public, comme c’est très souvent le cas pour les démarches liées au droit au séjour. Bien loin des engagements pris dans la charte Marianne qui parle de « faciliter l’accès des usagers dans les services », les préfectures sont amenées par mesure de restrictions budgétaires à fermer de plus en plus leurs portes aux personnes étrangères, contraintes d’attendre des mois voire des années pour ne serait-ce que réussir à déposer une demande de titre de séjour, en violation du principe d’égalité de tous dans l’accès au service public.
Patellofemoral Arthroplasty With a Custom-fit Femoral Prosthesis
Authors: Butler James E. , Shannon Robert
Published: April 2020

We reviewed the outcomes of a series of patellar arthroplasty operations with custom-fit femoral prostheses to examine the effectiveness of this procedure in relieving pain and restoring function in the knee. Twenty-two patellofemoral arthroplasty operations were performed in 21 patients (mean age, 48.6 years) at 2 institutions between 1994 and 2002. All patients had advanced patellofemoral arthritis and had undergone an average of 2.5 previous patellofemoral operations. The prosthesis, consisting of a custom-fit chrome cobalt trochlear component and an all-polyethylene patellar button, was implanted in a procedure designed to minimize bone resection. Patients later underwent three-view radiography of the knee to confirm that the prosthesis was positioned correctly.

One patient required revision of an undersized patellar button 18 months postoperatively, and 2 other patients had postoperative arthrofibrosis necessitating arthroscopic debridement. No patient required revision of the trochlear component, and no loosening or migration of any component has been found since the first procedure was performed. However, the polyethylene patellar button has worn in 3 patients, and the patella broke in 1 patient.

An average of 60 months postoperatively, patients used the Western Ontario and Mc-Master Universities Osteoarthritis Index to rate their preoperative and present joint pain, stiffness, and function. Patients' mean overall ratings (potential range, 24–96) were significantly lower for their present symptoms (28.4) than for their preoperative symptoms (63.4). Mean scores on each subscale also decreased: from 13.0 to 5.5 for pain, from 5.4 to 2.4 for stiffness, and from 45.0 to 20.6 for function. We conclude that, in carefully selected patients, patellofemoral arthroplasty with a custom-fit prosthesis is a viable surgical treatment for isolated patellofemoral arthritis.
Pitfalls of Using Performance Measures to Evaluate the Quality of Hip Fracture Care
Authors: SooHoo Nelson F. , Correa Bryan , Pandarinath Rajeev
Published: April 2020

The objective of this study was to determine feasibility of using RAND quality indicators to evaluate hip fracture care. Retrospective chart review was used to determine the adherence to quality indicators and the location of documentation of compliance. A chart abstraction tool was created for systematic extraction of data from multiple chart components. A total of 111 patients underwent operative treatment of a hip fracture and met inclusion criteria in either 1998 or 2003. The main outcome measure was the rate of compliance with quality measures.

Overall, compliance was 88% for the 7 performance measures. Physician notes were the most accurate chart component but, if examined alone, would have only resulted in a reported rate of 81% adherence to indicators. Review of the nursing notes, ancillary service notes, results, and orders was required to fully document quality of care. Ceiling effects were noted for 4 of the 7 quality indicators as noncompliance was rare for these measures.

The results of this study highlight the need for a thorough method of abstracting multiple chart components to accurately report quality of care. This is an important consideration for any pay-for-performance program. Specifically, the failure to review all chart components may lead to incorrect conclusions about the quality of care delivered by individual providers. In addition, the selection of quality measures subject to ceiling effects may limit the usefulness of quality reporting initiatives.
Antifibrinolytic Therapy in Complex Spine Surgery: A Case-Control Study Comparing Aprotinin and Tranexamic Acid
Authors: Colomina Maria J. , Bagó Joan , Vidal Xavi , Mora Lidia , Pellisé Ferran
Published: April 2020

A case-control study was performed to determine the impact of aprotinin or tranexamic acid use on reducing intraoperative blood loss and transfusion needs in complex spine surgery. Sixty-nine patients undergoing complex spine surgery received aprotinin or tranexamic acid. The aprotinin group contained 30 patients (8 men and 22 women) and the tranexamic acid group 39 patients (11 men and 28 women). The following variables were recorded: duration of surgery, number of levels fused, intraoperative and total blood loss, and number of blood units transfused (autologous and allogenic). In addition, various parameters related to blood loss in this type of surgery were calculated. The groups differed with regard to duration of surgery (aprotinin 662 min vs tranexamic acid 448 min,
P
<.001) and number of levels fused (aprotinin 11.2 vs tranexamic acid 7.6,
P
=.004). There were no significant differences in intraoperative blood loss (aprotinin 2118 mL vs tranexamic acid 1608 mL,
P
=.066) or total blood loss (aprotinin 3312 mL vs tranexamic acid 2627 mL,
P
=.056). Statistical differences were found for the number of autologous blood units transfused (aprotinin 2.2 vs tranexamic acid 1.3
P
=.047) and total units transfused (aprotinin 4.1 vs tranexamic acid 2.6,
P
=.008). Blood loss per hour of surgery, transfused units per level fused, and transfused units per hour of surgery were similar in the 2 groups. Significant differences were found for intraoperative blood loss per fusion level (aprotinin 228 mL vs tranexamic acid 428,
P
=.025) and total blood loss per fusion level (aprotinin 360 mL vs tranexamic acid 638 mL,
P
=.01). Analysis of the applied geometric mean showed that aprotinin reduced total blood loss by 16.4% and total number of blood units transfused by 12.4% as compared to tranexamic acid, although statistical significance was not reached. The type of antifibrinolytic used did not have a significant impact on the main outcome variables of the study.
Percutaneous Curettage and Bone Grafting for Humeral Simple Bone Cysts
Authors: Hunt Kenneth J. , Bergeson Adam , Coffin Cheryl M. , Randall R. Lor
Published: April 2020

Traditional treatments for simple bone cysts are associated with significant surgical morbidity and high recurrence rates. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a percutaneous approach to the treatment of proximal humeral simple bone cysts that includes percutaneous decompression, curettage, and injection of allogeneic cancellous bone combined with autologous bone marrow.

Twenty-one children (average age, 10.1±4.6 years) with symptomatic simple bone cysts of the proximal humerus were surgically treated with percutaneous cyst decompression, curettage, and cancellous allograft combined with autologous bone marrow. Patients were observed in-clinic with serial examinations and radiographs. Fracture healing and cyst recurrence were determined at follow-up.

All patients returned to activities of daily living with full range of motion and were completely asymptomatic. All fractures healed. There were no surgical complications or refractures. Five patients demonstrated radiographic evidence of partial cyst recurrence and required additional surgical treatment. One patient required a third operative procedure for a second recurrence. Three of 8 active cysts demonstrated partial recurrence. Recurrence was associated with younger age.

Our goal in the treatment of proximal humeral simple bone cysts is to prevent cyst recurrence and pathologic refracture. Radiographic evidence of cyst resolution occurred in 75% of our patients using percutaneous curettage and bone grafting, and in 95% of patients with a second procedure. As expected, partial recurrence of active cysts after treatment with this method is high. This percutaneous technique is a safe and effective treatment for humeral simple bone cysts.
Deformity Correction With an External Fixator: Ease of Use and Accuracy?
Authors: Elbatrawy Yasser , Fayed Mahmoud
Published: April 2020

The Taylor spatial frame (Smith & Nephew, Memphis, Tennessee) is a hexapod frame that differs from the well-known Ilizarov fixator in that it works in conjunction with special software programs and can simultaneously correct 6 axes of deformity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the ease of use and accuracy of the Taylor spatial frame. We used the Taylor spatial frame with the older software, Version 2, and the newer Internet-based program, Version 3.1, to achieve our treatment goals in 29 cases. We herein report our results achieved by using the Taylor spatial frame to treat deformity and trauma of the lower limb from November 1999 through May 2005. The hybrid advanced technique of frame application with the use of wires and half-pins was applied in all cases. Included in this study were only those patients whose frames had been removed and whose final results were available. All patients were treated and followed by the senior author (Y.E.). We found that the Taylor spatial frame is easy to apply and that application can be accomplished quickly. The results were clinically and radiographically excellent in all cases at the time of final assessment, and the treatment goals were 100% successful. The only drawbacks we noted are that the Taylor spatial frame is more cumbersome than the conventional Ilizarov frame and the financial cost is comparatively high.
La formación de la interjección ¡ahí va! en el español peninsular
Authors: Herrero Ruiz de Loizaga Francisco Javier
Published: April 2020

Estudiamos en este artículo la creación de la interjección ¡ahí va!, procedente de la reducción de secuencias oracionales más amplias en las que se señala a alguien o algo que llama la atención y produce sorpresa en el hablante (“ahí va la loca”, etc.). La elisión del sujeto del verbo ir, que expresaba el elemento que produce la sorpresa, da lugar a construcciones de carácter exclamativo que se fijan como secuencia unitaria, en la que se da un proceso de univerbación y de gramaticalización por pragmaticalización. Esta interjección parece haber surgido en el siglo XIX y constituye un desarrollo propio del español peninsular.
La buenaventura del carnaval. Tradición oral en un canto narrativo de transmisión moderna
Authors: Mañero Lozano David
Published: April 2020

Este estudio, en el que se parte del análisis comparado de casi un centenar de muestras orales de la canción narrativa generalmente conocida como La buenaventura, se propone demostrar que dicha canción, pese a difundirse tardíamente y a través del pliego de cordel, experimentó un interesante proceso de tradicionalización. En particular, la asimilación del lenguaje tradicional es apreciable en el plano del discurso, de la configuración de la intriga y del mensaje fabulístico, así como en las contaminaciones y engarces con otras canciones y romances del repertorio tradicional.
PSICOTERAPIA, RAÇA E RACISMO NO CONTEXTO BRASILEIRO: EXPERIÊNCIAS E PERCEPÇÕES DE MULHERES NEGRAS
Authors: Gouveia Damasceno Marizete , Zanello Valeska
Published: April 2020

A crença na democracia racial brasileira vem sendo desconstruída por vários índices de desigualdade social e de vitimização pela violência. Ainda que mais de 50% da população do país seja negra, a produção científica brasileira relativa a racismo e saúde mental não é significativa. O tema das relações raciais é, em geral, invisibilizado dentro das ciências psi. Esta situação desperta a pergunta sobre como essa parcela da população é servida no sistema de saúde mental, especificamente na clínica psicológica de atendimento a clientes negros/as. O objetivo deste trabalho foi coletar narrativas de pessoas negras atendidas por psicoterapeutas brancos/as, sobre suas vivências de racismo no cotidiano e sobre como se deu a escuta na terapia em díade birracial. Sete mulheres participaram do estudo. Foram identificadas quatro categorias temáticas: (1) razão para buscar psicoterapia; (2) processo psicoterapêutico; (3) fatores terapêuticos coadjuvantes, e, (4) formação do(a) psicoterapeuta para atender pessoas negras. Os temas mais importantes, apresentados por todas as entrevistadas, foram a transferência inter-racial no processo terapêutico e a falta de formação do(a) psicoterapeuta para atender clientes negros/as.
Neutrophils Recirculate through Lymph Nodes to Survey Tissues for Pathogens
Authors: Bogoslowski Ania , Wijeyesinghe Sathi , Lee Woo-Young , Chen Chien-Sin , Alanani Samer , Jenne Craig , Steeber Douglas A. , Scheiermann Christoph , Butcher Eugene C. , Masopust David , Kubes Paul
Published: April 2020

The adaptive immune function of lymph nodes is dependent on constant recirculation of lymphocytes. In this article, we identify neutrophils present in the lymph node at steady state, exhibiting the same capacity for recirculation. In germ-free mice, neutrophils still recirculate through lymph nodes, and in mice cohoused with wild microbiome mice, the level of neutrophils in lymph nodes increases significantly. We found that at steady state, neutrophils enter the lymph node entirely via L-selectin and actively exit via efferent lymphatics via an S1P dependent mechanism. The small population of neutrophils in the lymph node can act as reconnaissance cells to recruit additional neutrophils in the event of bacterial dissemination to the lymph node. Without these reconnaissance cells, there is a delay in neutrophil recruitment to the lymph node and a reduction in swarm formation following Staphylococcus aureus infection. This ability to recruit additional neutrophils by lymph node neutrophils is initiated by LTB4. This study establishes the capacity of neutrophils to recirculate, much like lymphocytes via L-selectin and high endothelial venules in lymph nodes and demonstrates how the presence of neutrophils at steady state fortifies the lymph node in case of an infection disseminating through lymphatics.
INTERDEPENDENCE BETWEEN DRY DAYS AND TEMPERATURE OF SYLHET REGION: CORRELATION ANALYSIS
Authors: Ali Shah Syed Mustakim , Hasan G. M. Jahid
Published: April 2020

Climate change can have profound impact on weather conditions around the world such as heavy rainfall, drought, global warming and so on. Understanding and predicting these natural variations is now a key research challenge for disaster-prone country like Bangladesh. This study focuses on the north eastern part of Bangladesh which is a hilly region, plays an important role in the ecological balance of the country along with socio-economic development. Present study analyses the behavior of maximum temperature and dry days using different statistical tools. Pearson’s correlation matrix and Man-Kendall’s tau are used to correlate monthly dry days with monthly maximum temperature, and also their annual trend. A moderate correlation was found mostly in dry summer months. In addition, a positive trend was observed in Man Kendall’s trend test of yearly temperature which might be an indication of global warming in this region.
About being relevant: a comment on Kathard, Naude, Pillay & Ross (2007)
Authors: Alant Erna
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
Editorial Introduction
Authors: Pillay Mershen
Published: April 2020

No abstract available.
La construcción del periodismo “localizado” en medios digitales europeos. Estudio de casos
Authors: Rivas-de-Roca Rubén , García-Gordillo Mar , Caro-González Francisco J.
Published: April 2020

Introducción: La información de proximidad se perfila como un elemento político central en la construcción de comunidades locales en la Red. En un contexto hiperconectado, queremos conceptualizar una modalidad de servicio público: el periodismo “localizado”. Metodología: En este artículo se emplea la estrategia de investigación del estudio de casos para valorar la “localización” informativa de la Unión Europea en tres cibermedios locales de diferentes países: Berliner Zeitung, This is Local London y Sevilla Actualidad. Esta aproximación empírica mediante el análisis de casos sirve para enmarcar una revisión crítica de la literatura sobre información local. Resultados y discusión: Se aprecia superficialidad y falta de lenguajes digitales en los ejemplos. Esto puede ser contrarrestado con una información sencilla y práctica, como refleja el texto de This is Local London sobre el cambio de hora europeo. La información “localizada” requiere vocación utilitarista y nuevas fórmulas que conecten más con la audiencia, como las narrativas transmedia.
El papel de los padres en el comportamiento online de menores hiperconectados
Authors: Torrecillas Lacave Teresa , Vázquez Barrio Tamara , Suárez Álvarez Rebeca Suárez Álvarez , Fernández Martínez Luis Manuel
Published: April 2020

Introducción. Este artículo difunde los resultados de una investigación orientada al estudio de los actuales contextos multipantalla en los que se desenvuelven los menores desde la perspectiva de los riesgos y las oportunidades. El objetivo principal es analizar las características del escenario de consumo y la mediación familiar. Metodología. Esta investigación se ha desarrollado mediante la técnica de la encuesta. El universo objeto de estudio han sido los menores escolarizados de la Comunidad de Madrid de 5 a 17 años. (n=840). Resultados y conclusiones. Se ha detectado un alto índice de hogares hiperconectados en los que predominan menores con dispositivos móviles de uso autónomo y personal, y un perfil de usuario intensivo que se sitúa a partir de los 16 años y asciende al 39% de la población los fines de semana o festivos. Las estrategias de mediación se limitan al control del contenido y los tiempos.
La construcción de la agenda de los cibermedios. Estudio comparativo con las preferencias temáticas de lectores y usuarios de Twitter
Authors: Pérez Díaz Pedro Luis , Arroyas Langa Enrique , Zamora Medina Rocío
Published: April 2020

Introducción: Esta investigación tiene como propósito analizar la actividad de la audiencia en la construcción de la agenda periodística de cuatro cibermedios generalistas líderes en el ámbito español (El País, El Mundo, El Confidencial y El Diario). Metodología: A partir de un análisis de contenido (n=3.600 temas recogidos durante 15 días de junio de 2017), se registra la coincidencia entre los temas de portada, las clasificaciones de ‘lo más leído’ y los ‘temas del momento’ asociados en Twitter, entre otras variables. Resultados y conclusiones: Se concluye que los cibermedios estudiados presentan una agenda de portada sensible a la participación ciudadana, que se traduce en un protagonismo más duradero para aquellos asuntos que coinciden con los más leídos o los trending topics. Aunque prevalece el distanciamiento entre los tratamientos informativos preferidos por los periodistas (duros) y los más leídos (blandos), son los primeros los que logran más participación, en concomitancia con otros factores como la coincidencia interagenda, la permanencia y la posición en portada.
La investigación sobre comunicación en España (1985-2015). Contexto institucional, comunidad académica y producción científica
Authors: Martínez-Nicolás Manuel
Published: April 2020

En los últimos 30 años se ha producido una radical transformación del entramado institucional en que se apoya la investigación española sobre comunicación, afectando a la estructura interna de la comunidad académica y a las características de la producción científica en este campo. En este trabajo se reconstruye ese proceso atendiendo a cuatro factores: el incremento de la oferta universitaria de estudios de comunicación desde comienzos de los 90; el establecimiento de tres licenciaturas diferenciadas (1991); el despliegue y afianzamiento de una cultura de la evaluación de la actividad investigadora (1989-2008); y el reconocimiento de Comunicación como área específica en el Plan Estatal de I+D+i (2010). Estos cambios institucionales han tenido un impacto apreciable en la estructura de la comunidad científica (crecimiento exponencial, incorporación de las mujeres, creciente internacionalización, etc.) y en la orientación de la producción científica (formatos de publicación, investigación colaborativa, calidad metodológica, etc.). Los diversos indicadores identificados señalan que mediada la primera década de los 2000 se produce un punto de inflexión que sitúa a la investigación comunicativa en España en unos parámetros sensiblemente distintos a los del periodo precedente.
Sources of error in open-path FTIR measurements of N2O and CO2 emitted from agricultural fields
Authors: Lin Cheng-Hsien , Grant Richard H. , Heber Albert J. , Johnston Cliff T.
Published: April 2020

Abstract. Open-path Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (OP-FTIR) is susceptible to environmental variables which can become sources of errors for gas quantification. In this study, we assessed the effects of
water vapour, temperature, path length, and wind speed on quantitative
uncertainties of nitrous oxide (N2O) and carbon dioxide (CO2)
derived from OP-FTIR spectra. The presence of water vapour in spectra
underestimated N2O mole fractions by 3 % and 12 %, respectively,
from both lab and field experiments using a classical least squares (CLS)
model when the reference and sample spectra were collected at the same
temperature (i.e. 30 ∘C). Differences in temperature between
sample and reference spectra also underestimated N2O mole fractions due
to temperature broadening and the increased interferences of water vapour in
spectra of wet samples. Changes in path length resulted in a non-linear
response of spectra and bias (e.g. N2O and CO2 mole fractions were
underestimated by 30 % and 7.5 %, respectively, at the optical path of 100 m using CLS models). For N2O quantification, partial least squares (PLS) models were less sensitive to water vapour, temperature, and path length and provided more accurate estimations than CLS. Uncertainties in the path-averaged mole fractions increased in low-wind conditions (<2 m s−1). This study identified the most common interferences that
affect OP-FTIR measurements of N2O and CO2, which can serve as a quality assurance/control guide for current or future OP-FTIR users.
Characterization and first results from LACIS-T: a moist-air wind tunnel to study aerosol–cloud–turbulence interactions
Authors: Niedermeier Dennis , Voigtländer Jens , Schmalfuß Silvio , Busch Daniel , Schumacher Jörg , Shaw Raymond A. , Stratmann Frank
Published: April 2020

Abstract. The interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes have been investigated primarily through numerical simulation and field measurements over the last 10 years. However, only in the laboratory we can be confident in our knowledge of initial and boundary conditions and are able to measure under statistically stationary and repeatable conditions. In the scope of this paper, we present a unique turbulent moist-air wind tunnel, called the Turbulent Leipzig Aerosol Cloud Interaction Simulator (LACIS-T) which has been developed at TROPOS in order to study cloud physical processes in general and interactions between turbulence and cloud microphysical processes in particular. The investigations take place under well-defined and reproducible turbulent and thermodynamic conditions covering the temperature range of warm, mixed-phase and cold clouds (25∘C>T>-40∘C). The continuous-flow design of the facility allows for the investigation of processes occurring on small temporal (up to a few seconds) and spatial scales (micrometer to meter scale) and with a Lagrangian perspective. The here-presented experimental studies using LACIS-T are accompanied and complemented by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations which help us to design experiments as well as to interpret experimental results. In this paper, we will present the fundamental operating principle of LACIS-T, the numerical model, and results concerning the thermodynamic and flow conditions prevailing inside the wind tunnel, combining both characterization measurements and numerical simulations. Finally, the first results are depicted from deliquescence and hygroscopic growth as well as droplet activation and growth experiments. We observe clear indications of the effect of turbulence on the investigated microphysical processes.
The Impact of Codemixing on Language Differentiation in Young Bilinguals
Authors: Merritt Emma
Published: April 2020

The phenomenon by which a lexical item or phrase from one language is inserted into another, known as codemixing, is common in adult bilingual communities around the world (Genesee & Nicoladis, 1997). In many types of immersion programs as well, codemixing is a common strategy for introducing target vocabulary. However, little research has been conducted on the precise impact that vocabulary exposure via codemixing may have on how the target item is encoded by child listeners – namely, how it is assigned to one language or another. Spanish- and English-speaking children (n = 10) between 3 and 6 years old were recruited to participate in this experiment, in which phonetically English- or Spanish-apparent nonwords were presented in the context of a “codemixed” or “non-codemixed” sentence and participants were asked to decide to which language the nonword belonged. Results demonstrated a considerable bias toward categorizing most of the nonwords as Spanish (the non-dominant language for all ten children), although the language in which the nonword was introduced also considerably impacted children’s judgments. While the nonword’s phonology appears somewhat influential in determining its language of origin, this was not as impactful as the overall linguistic context.
Empujando los límites
Authors: Cabeza José , Casado Linares Raúl
Published: April 2020

El talk show como género televisivo en España se extendió por todos los horarios y formatos durante las dos décadas estudiadas (1990-2010). En ese tiempo desarrolló sus propias reglas sobre cómo presentar la intimidad en televisión: la telerrealidad no significaba el fin de la privacidad, sino el inicio de su expansión. Este artículo analiza la evolución del talk show, desde los formatos más tímidos que limitaban la exposición emocional, hasta aquellos influenciados por el éxito de Big Brother, que obligó al género a gestionar la intimidad de las personas de la forma más espectacular posible en la lucha por el share. Esta búsqueda permanente de audiencias llegó a provocar que el talk show excediera los límites de la autenticidad y utilizase la ficción y el espectáculo, alterando la realidad por motivos utilitarios para hacerla más entretenida e introduciendo actores y presentadores que incitaran al conflicto e incluso al engaño.
La televisión sensacionalista y hábitos de consumo en España e Italia
Authors: De-Casas-Moreno Patricia , Vizcaíno-Verdú Arantxa , Aguaded Ignacio
Published: April 2020

La televisión, como medio de comunicación de masas por excelencia, es considerada como un instrumento de socialización, modelador de conciencias e incitador de la opinión pública. Esta investigación se enmarca en la sociedad de la información y el espectáculo. El objetivo es analizar los tipos de audiencia y hábitos de consumo de los programas de carácter sensacionalista, además de la recepción de los mensajes. Mediante un análisis cuantitativo, consistente en un cuestionario, se ha analizado una muestra significativa de 544 sujetos, repartidos entre España e Italia. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que la población española consume con mayor frecuencia este tipo de programas. Además, el progresivo incremento de estos espacios ha provocado que existan diferencias estadísticamente significativas. Las conclusiones demuestran la falta de calidad informativa en los programas de tipo sensacionalista, convirtiéndose en un tema relevante para los estudios científicos, justificando la falta de códigos deontológicos que apoyen e incentiven una televisión de calidad.
Nuevas formas de consumo de los contenidos televisivos en España: una revisión histórica (2006 - 2019)
Authors: Capapé Elena
Published: April 2020

Netflix, HBO o Filmin son algunas de las plataformas de streaming más consumidas en la actualidad. Los avances tecnológicos y los cambios en los hábitos de consumo han permitido la entrada de compañías que redefinen el panorama del mercado audiovisual y televisivo acercando el contenido a los hogares españoles. Así pues, en el presente artículo se pretende indagar sobre los cambios que se están produciendo en la forma de consumir contenidos televisivos y, al mismo tiempo, poder hacer una revisión histórica del proceso para ver la confluencia, en la última década, entre la evolución del sector televisivo tradicional y el surgimiento de las plataformas OTT. Los resultados serán planteados mediante dos etapas históricas bien definidas, desde 2006 hasta 2014 y desde 2015 hasta 2019; esto permitirá hacer un análisis en paralelo entre la llegada y auge de las plataformas y la evolución del medio televisión.
Sobre el cuadrilátero audiovisual. El País y la batalla por la televisión durante las citas electorales del acoso y derribo a Suárez (1979-1981)
Authors: Herrero Izquierdo Jacobo
Published: April 2020

Esta investigación, que toma como objeto de estudio el diario El País, analiza el papel que jugó Televisión Española en los diferentes encuentros electorales celebrados durante la última legislatura de Adolfo Suárez, desarrollada entre marzo de 1979 y enero de 1981. A través de una metodología de análisis de contenido cualitativo de todas las informaciones editadas por este periódico en aquellas citas con las urnas, los resultados subrayan la gran batalla librada por los partidos políticos en torno a la pequeña pantalla, que se convirtió en esta etapa en uno de los principales elementos de la oposición para desgastar al Ejecutivo.
La llegada de los canales privados en el imaginario de los espectadores.
Authors: Chicharro María del mar , Gil-Gascón Fátima
Published: April 2020

El presente trabajo se interesa por la valoración que hacen los espectadores de la televisión de los años noventa. La calidad de la programación de entonces, el recuerdo de programas concretos, los valores difundidos, así como las prácticas culturales asociadas a su consumo son algunas de las cuestiones que se pretenden recuperar. El material de análisis utilizado serán los recuerdos de aquella etapa televisiva, que se han obtenido a través de un trabajo de campo propio, en el que se incluyen técnicas cuantitativas (la encuesta) y técnicas cualitativas (el grupo de discusión y la entrevista en profundidad). Los resultados señalan que en la memoria de ese período dominan las valoraciones positivas, aunque también se evidencian algunos claroscuros que los espectadores suelen rescatar con benevolencia. El trabajo recupera hitos televisivos y señala algunas de las contradicciones en la valoración de los contenidos, lo que pone de manifiesto como el efecto nostalgia tiende a dulcificar el recuerdo.
La programación de La Sexta. De la variedad de contenidos al triunfo del infoshow (2006-2010)
Authors: Nevado Ignacio
Published: April 2020

La Sexta fue el último canal generalista en estrenar su programación antes de la llegada de la Televisión Digital Terrestre (TDT). Con apenas cuatro años por delante, debía afianzar un volumen de público suficiente como para lograr hacerse un hueco entre la competencia. Para ello, su promoción se centró en destacar el humor como seña de identidad y como elemento destacado y transversal de su programación. Esta investigación analiza la programación de La Sexta desde el inicio oficial de sus emisiones hasta la implantación de la TDT con el fin de esclarecer si realmente el humor fue el elemento que sostuvo la instauración de la cadena o si, por el contrario, se mantuvo como lema en sus promociones al tiempo que se recurría a otros contenidos y a otro estilo de programación mas convencional para asegurarse el suficiente interés de la audiencia.