bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Challenges experienced by healthcare workers in managing patients with hearing impairment at a primary health care setting: a descriptive case study
Authors: Orrie S. , Motsohi T.
Published: October 2020

Background: There has been little research on the experiences of healthcare workers (HCWs) with deaf/hearing impaired (HI) clients. Anecdotal evidence suggests that HCWs experience challenges, but little is reported on how they manage these challenges. Interactions with and care of deaf/Deaf and HI patients by clinicians has yielded several questions around communication and assessment strategies, as well as comparative quality of health care for deaf/Deaf and HI clients. This research was intended to further the understanding and knowledge of these aspects of health care of deaf/Deaf and HI clients.Methods: The study design is a qualitative, descriptive case study. Data were collected using semi-structured interviews with individual HCWs and focus-group discussions with groups of participants. Participants were invited staff members at Retreat Community Health Centre (RCHC) in Cape Town. Convenience sampling was used to select participants, and interviews were conducted until saturation was reached. Data were studied and analysed using the phenomenological method.Results: HCWs reported that they serve very few Deaf or HI clients. However, themes of language barriers, resilience, preconceptions, improvisation and innovation, interpreters and recommendations emerged. Difficulties in communication were acknowledged, but HCWs insisted that these barriers are not insurmountable.Discussion and conclusion: A few preconceptions and gaps in knowledge and awareness were revealed. HCWs also tended to rely on escorts and other interpreters. The dominant recommendations are that HCWs should receive training in sign language (SL) and/or that SL interpreters be available at facilities. Despite using words and phrases such as ‘frustrating’ and ‘more effort’, participants’ concluding remarks reiterate that their experiences are positive, suggesting a notable resilience.
Weight bias and eating behaviours of persons with overweight and obesity attending a general medical practice in Durban, South Africa
Authors: Govender R. D. , Al-Shamsi S. , Regmi D.
Published: October 2020

Background: The consequences of obesity for physical health and non-communicable illnesses are well established, but the impact on psychosocial well-being in persons with obesity is much less understood. This study aimed to assess psychosocial constructs such as weight bias affecting the eating behaviours of persons with overweight and obesity attending a general practice in South AfricaMethods: An observational study was conducted at a private general medical practice situated in a peri-urban area of Durban, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. A sample of 100 persons with overweight and obesity, and with a BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2, were recruited by a convenience sampling method. Frequency tables for BMI, sociodemographic factors, perceptions and eating behaviours were described. Spearman’s rank-order correlation was run to assess the relationship between sociodemographic factors, perceptions, knowledge, attitudes and eating behaviours.Results: About 90% were below 60 years and 83% were females. The mean BMI of males was 41.7 kg/m2 (SD = 7.38) and of females was 39.9 kg/m2 (SD = 7.91). It was found that weight stigma (are overweight people discriminated against) and the average household income were associated with abnormal eating behaviours such as compulsive eating, obsession with eating and psychological problems. A significant correlation was demonstrated between ‘Are people with overweight discriminated against?’ and abnormal eating behaviours such as compulsive eating (p = 0.049), obsession with eating (p = 0.009) and psychological problems (p = 0.051)Conclusion: Psychosocial factors such as weight bias affect the eating behaviours of persons with overweight and obesity in South Africa. Research should be done exploring promotion of the psychosocial well-being of patients while trying to manage their obesity.
Lifestyle counselling and behavioural change: role among adult hypertensives in a rural tertiary institution
Authors: Ayodapo A. O. , Olukokun T. A.V.
Published: October 2020

Background: In spite of the availability of myriads of antihypertensive medications, the control of high blood pressure is still low. Studies on effect of lifestyle behavioural changes through counselling on blood pressure control are scant in Nigeria. Therefore, this study set out to determine the role of lifestyle counselling on behavioural change among hypertensive patients attending the Federal Medical Centre, Ido-Ekiti.Methods: A total of 322 adult hypertensive participants who had been on treatment for at least three consecutive months were randomised into two groups. Relevant data were collected using an interviewer-administered semi-structured questionnaire and clinical parameters were measured pre- and post-intervention. The intervention group was counselled on lifestyle behaviours, namely regular exercise, eating adequate fruits and vegetables, moderate alcohol intake and cessation of smoking.Results: Post-intervention, among the intervention group 22.4%, 71.4% and 100%, as compared with the control group at 6.2%, 41.0% and 87.6%, met recommendations for physical activity, fruit and vegetable consumption and alcohol consumption respectively. The difference in each category was statistically significant (p 0.001). However, the difference in smoking habits between the two groups (83.9% vs. 79.5%) was not statistically significant (p = 0.313). There was a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.001) in the difference in mean arterial pressure (96.4 ± 8.1 vs 106.2 ± 7.6 mmHg) between the intervention and control group post-intervention.Conclusion: Lifestyle modifications form part of an important and effective treatment modality for hypertension. It is desirable that primary care physicians devise and implement clinical and public health strategies that promote and maintain a combination of pharmacologic interventions and lifestyle modifications.
Evaluating the performance of South African primary care: a cross-sectional descriptive survey
Authors: Bresick Graham , Von Pressentin Klaus B. , Mash Robert
Published: October 2020

Introduction: In 2018 governments reaffirmed their commitment to implementing primary health care (PHC) in the Astana Declaration. South Africa has introduced a number of health reforms to strengthen PHC and enable universal health coverage (UHC). UHC requires access to quality primary care and progress needs to be measured. This study aimed to evaluate the quality of South African primary care using the Primary Care Assessment Tool (PCAT).Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional survey used data derived from a previous analytical observational study. Data from 413 patients, 136 health workers and 55 managers were analysed from 30 community health centres across four provinces of South Africa. Scores were obtained for 10 key domains and an overall primary care score. Scores were compared in terms of respondents, provinces and monthly headcount.Results: Patients rated first contact accessibility, ongoing care and community orientation as the poorest performing elements ( 50% scoring as ‘acceptable to good’); first contact utilisation, informational coordination and family-centredness as weaker elements ( 66% scoring as ‘acceptable to good’); and comprehensiveness, coordination, cultural competency and availability of the PHC team as stronger aspects of primary care (≥ 66% or more scoring as ‘acceptable or good’). Managers and providers were generally much more positive about the performance of PHC.Conclusion: Gaps exist between PHC users’ experience of care and what PHC staff believe they provide. Priorities to strengthen South African primary care include improving access, informational and relational continuity of care, and ensuring the implementation of community-orientated primary care. The PCAT is a useful tool to measure quality of primary care and progress with UHC.
Chronic kidney disease for the primary care clinician
Authors: Davids M. R. , Chothia M. Y.
Published: October 2020

An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is being experienced in South Africa. This is driven by a heavy burden of infections, non-communicable diseases, pregnancy-related diseases and injuries. The serious long-term complications of CKD include end-stage renal disease, heart disease and stroke. Competing priorities such as the high burden of HIV, tuberculosis and other infections, unemployment and poverty result in serious constraints to providing comprehensive renal care, especially in the public healthcare sector. The prevention and early detection of CKD by primary care practitioners is therefore of utmost importance. Annual screening is recommended for patients at high risk of developing CKD. This involves checking blood pressure, urine dipstick testing for albuminuria or proteinuria and estimating the glomerular filtration rate from serum creatinine concentrations. In patients with established CKD, renoprotective measures are indicated to arrest or slow down the loss of renal function. These patients are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and close attention should be paid to optimally managing their risk factors.
Mastering your Fellowship
Authors: Naidoo M. , Von Pressentin K. B. , Ras T. , Mabuza H.
Published: October 2020

The series, “Mastering your Fellowship”, provides examples of the question format encountered in the written and clinical examinations, Final Part A of the FCFP(SA) examination. The series is aimed at helping family medicine registrars prepare for this examination. Model answers are available online.
Mental health care - a public health priority in South Africa
Authors: Meyer J. C. , Matlala M. , Chigome A.
Published: October 2020

Mental health is an integral part of health and it includes an individual’s emotional, psychological and social well-being. Mental illness remains underreported and underdiagnosed, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, including South Africa. South Africa carries a huge burden of mental illnesses with the most prevalent being anxiety disorders, substance abuse disorders, mood disorders and depression. People with mental health conditions often face neglect in the health system as well as stigma and discrimination. This has resulted in poor health outcomes, isolation and high suicide rates, including amongst adolescents. The South African National Mental Health Policy Framework and Strategic Plan (2013–2020) aims to integrate mental health into the health system to provide quality mental health services that are accessible, equitable and comprehensive, particularly for community-based mental health. This article provides an overview of mental health care in South Africa, highlighting its public health importance.
The use, knowledge and attitudes regarding hormonal contraceptive products of female first-year students in a Faculty of Health Sciences
Authors: Van Zyl P. M. , Brisley C. , Halberg L. , Matthysen M. , Toerien M. , Joubert G.
Published: October 2020

Background: Effective contraception plays a major role in the economic advancement of women. New hormonal products offer more effective solutions with fewer side effects. This study aimed to assess the use, knowledge and attitudes regarding hormonal contraception of female first-year students across various health profession courses.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted during August to October 2017 targeting all female first-year students of the Faculty of Health Sciences at the University of the Free State.Results: Self-administered anonymous questionnaires were completed by 261 students (response rate 81.6%). At the time of the study, 29.6% of the study population reported using hormonal contraceptive products; 51.7% of users cited acne as the indication. Among users of hormonal contraceptives, combined oral contraception was the most commonly used (86.0%), and was regarded as the most effective (33.2%). A third of the students (36.2%) were aware that some medication could influence the effectiveness of combined oral contraception. Half (52.3%) had no knowledge of the subdermal implant and 34.8% did not know what an intrauterine system was. According to 28.2%, post-coital use of hormonal products is not an acceptable method of contraception. Almost 90% (87.3%) indicated that an education intervention regarding hormonal contraception is needed at the university.Conclusion: The study population lacks detailed and sufficient knowledge of critical aspects of contraception, such as relative effectiveness, and factors that affect these; long-acting reversible contraceptives; and emergency contraception. A formal education intervention is proposed.
The socioeconomic impact of rural-origin graduates working as healthcare professionals in South Africa
Authors: McGregor Richard Gavin , Ross Andrew John , Zihindula Ganzamungu
Published: October 2020

Background: Studies documenting the socioeconomic impact of education leading to employment of rural youth, specifically in the healthcare professions, are lacking. The Umthombo Youth Development Foundation (UYDF) is an NGO that provides financial support for rural students to train as healthcare professionals (HCPs) as a way of addressing staff shortages at rural hospitals. The aim of this study was to understand the social and economic impact on individuals and their families of qualifying as an HCP and being employed at a rural district hospitalMethodology: A mixed methodology was used to collect data from 40 graduates at eight district hospitals in rural KwaZulu-Natal province. The research tools had qualitative and quantitative questions, with additional data being extracted from the UYDF database. The qualitative data were analysed thematically, with STATA software being used for the quantitative analysis.Results: The findings indicate that graduate household assets increased significantly, as did their socioeconomic circumstances, compared with before they qualified as HCPs. Graduates attached high value to education that led to their employment, which provided them with money to afford assets. Having a permanent job and regular income also transformed their families’ lives, as they were able to care for their siblings and extended family members.Conclusions: Training rural youth for employment in scarce skills that leads to employment, such as a career in the health sciences, boosts their socioeconomic circumstances and that of their families. This contributes to the staffing of rural hospitals, job creation and the economic development of the country.
Knowledge and perception of Family Medicine among medical students at University of Ibadan, Nigeria
Authors: Fasola O. E. , Alao A. O. , Ibisola B. A. , Obimakinde A. M. , Odekunle I. C.
Published: October 2020

Background: Postgraduate training in Family Medicine in Nigeria began over three decades ago, but it was not until recently that the National University Commission (NUC) made it a policy for all Nigerian universities to include undergraduate Family Medicine training in their curriculum. This study aimed to assess the awareness and perception of Family Medicine among medical students at the University College Hospital (UCH), Ibadan.Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of four weeks (June 11–July 6, 2018) among 131 fourth-year, 118 fifth-year and 163 sixth-year medical students at UCH, Ibadan. Data were obtained using a self-administered questionnaire.Results: Data were collected from 309 (75% of the target population). The mean age of the respondents was 22.3 ± 2.3 years. The majority (74.4%) did not have a family member who was a doctor and only 2.3% had a family member who was specialising inFamily Medicine. Most of the participants (68.9%) had good knowledge of Family Medicine, while 57.3% had good perception of Family Medicine as a specialty. Importantly, an increase in year of clerkship was associated with an increase in the knowledge of Family Medicine among the respondents.Conclusion: It was observed that with increase in length of exposure to Family Medicine as a specialty, knowledge and perception of the specialty improved among the medical students. It is imperative that all the medical schools in Nigeria implement the NUC directive and start undergraduate Family Medicine training.
Community healthcare workers’ satisfaction with ward-based outreach team services in Tshwane district, South Africa
Authors: Ndimande J. V. , Ogunbanjo G. A. , Nyalunga S. N. , Masango-Makgobela A. , Bongongo T.
Published: October 2020

Background: The incorporation of community healthcare worker (CHW) involvement in the management of patients is in line with the 2006 World Health Report, which advocates increased community participation and the systematic delegation of tasks to less specialised cadres. For CHWs to function optimally, satisfaction in their duties is paramount to promote quality healthcare. The health minister included ward-based outreach teams (WBOT) as part of the National Health Insurance.1 CHWs form an important link between healthcare facilities and the communities. This study aimed to measure the satisfaction level of the CHWs with WBOT services in the Tshwane district of South Africa.Method: A cross-sectional study on CHWs was conducted in seven sub-districts. Data were obtained by trained data collectors using a piloted self-administered structured questionnaire from October 12 to November 3, 2015 in three local official languages. The study population of CHWs was 1 600. Using a 95% confidence level and 5% confidence interval, the sample size was 310. However, we over-sampled to 431 participants.Results: The mean age was 36 years (SD ± 9.46). The majority were females (82.1%); more than three-quarters (77%) had secondary education. The majority were satisfied with the WBOT services whereby 59.8% was the lowest score and 98.4% the highest score. Close to two-thirds (62%) were not satisfied with their monthly stipends. The majority of the younger members of the team (20–40 years) were not valued by their co-workers (70% or 181/255) [p = 0.03]. The overall satisfaction (n = 8593) was 73.4% (p 0.001).Conclusion: Overall satisfaction of CHWs with WBOT is good news. Dissatisfaction regarding stipend/compensation must be addressed. CHWs should be valued and motivated.
Targeting Hypoxia Using Evofosfamide and Companion Hypoxia Imaging of FMISO-PET in Advanced Biliary Tract Cancer
Authors: Yoon Jeesun , Kang Seo Young , Lee Kyung-Hun , Cheon Gi Jeong , Oh Do-Youn
Published: October 2020

PurposeHypoxia is widely known as one of the mechanisms of chemoresistance and as an environmental condition which triggers invasion and metastasis of cancer. Evofosfamide is a hypoxia-activated prodrug of the cytotoxin bromo-isophosphoramide mustard conjugated with 2-nitroimidazole. Biliary tract cancer (BTC) is known to contain large hypoxic area. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of evofosfamide as a second-line treatment of advanced BTC. Materials and MethodsPatients received evofosfamide at a dose of 340 mg/m2 on days 1, 8, and 15 of every 28-day cycle. Primary end-point was progression-free survival (PFS) rate at 4-months (4m-PFSR). Secondary end-points included overall survival (OS), PFS, disease control rate (DCR), metabolic response by 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET), hypoxic parameters evaluated by 18F-fluoromisonidazole (FMISO) PET and toxicity.ResultsTwenty patients were treated with evofosfamide, with 16 response-evaluable patients. There was no objective response; stable disease was observed in nine patients, with a DCR of 56.25%. 4m-PFSR was 40.6%. Median PFS was 3.60 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.68 to 5.52). Median OS was 6.37 months (95% CI, 3.94 to 8.79). Reduction of tumor metabolic activity was observed in eight of 15 patients (53.3%). High baseline hypoxic parameters were associated with poor PFS. Change of hypoxic parameters between pretreatment and post-treatment reflected hypoxic-activated drug response. There was no treatment-related death.ConclusionEvofosfamide as second-line treatment of advanced BTC showed acceptable safety and comparable efficacy to other agents. Changes in volumetric parameters measured with FMISO PET, showing the degree of tumor hypoxia, reflected the response to evofosfamide based on the mode of action.
Sharp affine Trudinger–Moser inequalities: A new argument
Authors: Duy Nguyen Tuan , Lam Nguyen , Long Le Phi
Published: October 2020

We set up the sharp Trudinger–Moser inequality under arbitrary norms. Using this result and the
$L_{p}$
Busemann-Petty centroid inequality, we will provide a new proof to the sharp affine Trudinger–Moser inequalities without using the well-known affine Pólya–Szegö inequality.
Global Wellposedness and Large Time Behavior of Solutions to the Hall-Magnetohydrodynamics Equations
Authors: Zhai Xiaoping
Published: October 2020

We prove the global solutions to the incompressible Hall-magnetohydrodynamics (Hall-MHD) equations with small or some large initial data in

\mathbb R^n (n \geq 3)

. Especially, Fujita–Kato type initial data as the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations are allowed. We also study the large time behavior of the solutions and obtain an optimal decay rate in the general Besov spaces. Different from all the previous wellposedness results in [6, 7, 21], the initial energy we considered here may not be finite.
Complete moment convergence for the dependent linear processes with application to the state observers of linear-time-invariant systems
Authors: Lu Chao , Wang Xuejun J , Wu Yi
Published: October 2020

Пусть $X_t=\sum_{j=-\infty}^{\infty}A_j\varepsilon_{t-j}$ - зависимый линейный процесс, где $\{\varepsilon_n, n\in \mathbf{Z}\}$ - последовательность $m$-обобщенных отрицательно зависимых ($m$-END) случайных величин с нулевым средним, которая стохастически доминируется случайной величиной $\varepsilon$, и пусть $\{A_n, n\in \mathbf{Z}\}$ - другая последовательность случайных величин с нулевым средним, обладающая свойством $m$-END. При подходящих условиях установлена полная моментная сходимость для зависимых линейных процессов. В частности, приведены достаточные условия полной моментной сходимости. В качестве приложения исследуется сходимость наблюдателей состояния для линейных стационарных систем.
Совместное распределение макс-непрерывного локального субмартингала и его максимума
Authors: Gushchin Alexander Alexandrovich
Published: October 2020

Рассматривается семейство сходящихся макс-непрерывных локальных субмартингалов, выходящих из нуля. Введем отношение эквивалентности для процессов из этого семейства, означающее совпадение совместных распределений терминальных значений процесса и его максимума. Мы выделяем подсемейство процессов простой структуры, имеющее единственного (в смысле распределения) представителя в каждом классе эквивалентности. Далее, пользуясь обобщением теоремы Монро, мы вкладываем процесс из этого подсемейства в броуновское движение с помощью минимальной замены времени, и по этому вложению строим непрерывный локальный мартингал из того же класса эквивалентности. Более того, оказывается, что принадлежность процессов из рассматриваемого семейства к классу равномерно интегрируемых мартингалов, зависит только от класса эквивалентности. Таким образом, эти результаты предлагают альтернативный подход к задачам характеризации распределения непрерывного локального мартингала и его максимума, рассмотренным К. Роджерсом и П. Валлуа в первой половине 1990-х гг.
Распространение принципа инвариантности для обобщенных процессов восстановления на области умеренно больших и малых уклонений
Authors: Borovkov Alexander Alekseevich
Published: October 2020

Принцип инвариантности для обобщенных процессов восстановления распространяется (в смысле асимптотической эквивалентности) на область умеренно больших и малых уклонений. Предполагается, что "управляющий" процессом вектор $(\tau,\zeta)$ удовлетворяет некоторым моментным условиям (например, условию Крамера), а его компоненты $\tau$ и $\zeta$ либо независимы, либо линейно зависимы. Названное распространение имеет место, в частности, и для случайных блужданий.
Memória da música popular brasileira e agenciamentos da vida social
Authors: Salomão Bruck Mozahir
Published: October 2020

O artigo propõe reflexões sobre formas de agenciamento da memória da música brasileira como modo de compreensão da vida social, a partir da análise de quatro livros que se dedicam à história da MPB. A aproximação das obras Chega de saudade e A noite do meu bem(Ruy Castro), Eu não sou cachorro, não (Paulo César de Araújo) e Cowboys do asfalto (Gustavo Alonso) busca perceber como tais autores articulam aspectos da memória social, enredando um diversificado leque de fontes documentais, em especial, entrevistas realizadas por eles mesmos, compondo um rico mosaico em que o passado – capturado por meio de versões e percepções – é tensionado por narrativas outras, agora do presente, num jogo de readequações e (re)inscrições. Entre os operadores conceituais convocados para este texto, destacamos as noções de memória social, as relações entre memória e identidade social (Pollack, 1992), memória coletiva (Le Goff, 2013) e as distinções sobre a memória assinaladas por Halbwachs (2006).
A construção histórica do consumo feminino e das estruturações discursivas da autoridade em “Escolhendo e comprando com Helena Brazil” (Diário de Notícias, 1962-1963)
Authors: Bachega Casadei Eliza
Published: October 2020

A partir do pressuposto de que as formas de escrita que comportam os discursos dos especialistas mudam ao longo do tempo, de maneira que as estratégias utilizadas pelos diferentes grupos de experts para manter a sua credibilidade no discurso são historicamente marcadas, o artigo tem como objetivo analisar a construção dos processos de legitimidade do discurso da coluna “Escolhendo e Comprando com Helena Brazil”, publicada pelo Diário de Notícias, de 1962 a 1963. Para isso, iremos decompor os textos no nível formal (planos narrativo e retórico) e no plano do conteúdo, para entendermos as estratégias de construção do lugar de autoridade no relato. No plano do conteúdo, a conquista de um lugar de fala remete à questão da mediação do lugar imaginário do gênero e do consumo feminino. No plano formal, diz respeito à remissão às máximas, o apelo ao testemunho e a remissão à leitora como actante narrativo.
As noites e a estrada do sol
Authors: Costa Santos Ney
Published: October 2020

O artigo assinala os pontos de contato da obra da cantora e compositora Dolores Duran, tão característica de um tipo de subjetividade dos anos 1950 no Rio de Janeiro, com a poesia, o cinema e o sagrado ao expressar uma mística do cotidiano.
Um contributo da Teoria da Comunicação para a Teoria dos Imaginários Sociais
Authors: Mateus Samuel
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo analisa as potenciais contribuições que a teoria da comunicação pode oferecer à teoria dos imaginários sociais a partir de um debate acerca da ambiguidade que uma perspetiva comunicacional encerra. Com efeito, podemos utilizar a comunicação como objeto empírico de estudo dos imaginários. Mas podemos, igualmente, apropriar-nos da comunicação como ângulo de análise capaz de mobilizar um trabalho comunicacional em torno dos imaginários sociais. Adotando esta segunda hipótese, releva-se a possibilidade dos imaginários sociais se assumirem como formas de interação simbólica (em sentido lato) comunicativamente determinadas. Com efeito, é defendido que a ação imaginante denota uma ordem comunicacional. Reconhecer esta dimensão comunicacional dos imaginários sociais envolve ponderar o papel da publicidade na figuração e re-figuração dos imaginários sociais e por isso propomos a noção de “imaginal público” enquanto fluxo imaginante, como um campo de proliferação de imagens e símbolos onde podemos observar as rotas e os trajetos dos imaginários sociais nos seus muitos processos de diferenciação e consolidação.
Mudanças nos modos de leitura das notícias e perda de importância da home page
Authors: Barsotti Adriana , Azevedo de Aguiar Leonel
Published: October 2020

O artigo apresenta os resultados parciais de uma pesquisa que investiga como as mudanças nos modos de leitura das notícias na internet estão provocando mais uma transformação contemporânea no jornalismo: a invisibilidade das home pages dos sites jornalísticos. Analisa como os acessos ao noticiário, por meio de links distribuídos em redes sociais, em ferramentas de busca e nos portais acarretam perda de sentido em um valor fundamental da cultura profissional. Após levantamento de dados sobre novos hábitos de leitura, empreende revisão bibliográfica sobre a home page e utiliza entrevistas em profundidade com jornalistas para compreender o impacto do silêncio da primeira página on-line nas rotinas produtivas. Conclui que, à medida que as notícias se desprendem do contexto original da edição, os profissionais sentem-se desafiados, mas sustentam que é preciso cumprir com sua responsabilidade social, destacando, em manchetes e chamadas, os temas de interesse público.
Apresentação
Authors: Chataignier Gustavo
Published: October 2020

O presente dossiê sobre o filósofo francês Guy Debord (1931-1994) retoma as exposições do colóquio realizado pelo Departamento de Comunicação Social da PUC-Rio nos dias 16 e 18 de outubro de 2017, com o título “50 anos de ‘A Sociedade do Espetáculo’: entre arte e crítica”, cujo ensejo foi o cinquentenário de sua grande obra, A sociedade do espetáculo, de 1967 (Rio de Janeiro: Editora Contraponto, 1997, tradução de Estela dos Santos Abreu). A Revista Alceu tem o prazer de apresentar a seus leitores e colaboradores os artigos dos professores doutores Gustavo Celedón (Universidade de Valparaíso, Chile), Julio Bezerra (UFRJ) e Patrícia Machado (PUC-Rio). Seus títulos são, respectivamente: “Sonido, rumor e imagen espectacular”, em espanhol, “Guy Debord e o que pode o cinema: experimentação, documentário e clichê” e finalmente “A retomada de imagens de arquivo: de Debord ao cinema brasileiro contemporâneo”.
Guy Debord e o que pode o cinema: experimentação, documentário e clichê
Authors: Bezerra Julio
Published: October 2020

A crítica de Guy Debord à sociedade do espetáculo, ao capitalismo como afastamento radical da vida, mobilizará a trajetória pessoal do autor na direção do confronto e da luta contra o seu tempo. O cinema será decisivo nesse confronto, nessa luta, nessa estratégia. O objetivo deste artigo é justamente investigar os filmes do situacionista francês, rompendo a aura de invisibilidade que até hoje os rodeia. Aos nos aventurarmos por este cinema, esbarramos nas intenções vanguardistas de Debord, na modernidade do cinema, na expansão do vernáculo do documentário, na embaralhada discussão sobre o clichê, e, sobretudo, em filmes tão urgentes e originais quanto desconhecidos.
Seeking Peace in South Sudan: The Contributions and Challenges of the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD)
Authors: K. Gebru Micheale
Published: October 2020

The objective of this article is to critically examine the role(s) that the Inter-Governmental Authority on Development (IGAD) has played in the restoration of peace in South Sudan. Methodologically, the article employed a case study qualitative research design as its main focus is analyzing the contributions and challenges of IGAD in seeking peace in South Sudan. The study revealed that IGAD has played a prominent and leading role in the South Sudan mediation. Since its involvement in the mediation process, it has played its utmost efforts in the South Sudan peace process to end the armed conflict and created the basis for sustainable conflict resolution in non-violent ways. The Agreement on the resolution of the conflict signed by the parties in August 2015, without doubt, is a major contribution to the resolution of the conflict. The agreement outlined a comprehensive plan to end the fighting, frame a post-conflict transition, and to begin the tasks of reconciliation and reform despite competing interests of the parties and diverging views of external partners. Furthermore, IGAD was instrumental in the realization of the IGAD High-Level Revitalization Forum on 21 December 2017. More recently, IGAD has played a prominent role in the signing of the Khartoum Declaration Agreement on outstanding issues on governance and security arrangements among warring parties held on 5 August 2018 in Sudan. Another achievement of IGAD was its ability to manage regional tensions, among its members, which prevented an agreement on power-sharing and security arrangements in the country. Finally, the article concludes that IGAD has achieved success in assisting South Sudan to integrate into the regional peacebuilding architecture.
Socio-economic Impacts of Human Trafficking among West Asia Returnee Young Women in West Shewa Zone of Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: O. Jima Abdisa
Published: October 2020

The impacts of human trafficking are currently high across the world albeit different policies are designed to combat it. Yet, governments are not working hard practically and jointly as they write strategies and programs on the paper to reduce the impacts of women trafficking. Even though men are victims of human trafficking, scholars agree that women are the most vulnerable to human trafficking. This study describes the socio-economic impacts of human trafficking among the west Asia returnee young women in Ethiopia by taking Oromia Region’s West Shewa zone as a case study. The study used the mixed-method approach. A descriptive case study research design was applied for a detailed description of the socio-economic impacts of human trafficking among west Asia returnee young women. Feminism theory was employed to scrutinize the oppression of young women. The finding reveals that human trafficking caused the divorce of marriage and exposed children to the street because of unwise savings and disagreement of spouses; psychological and physical threats of young women on the way to work, at the workplace and after return; wastage of income as a result of saving money in the wrong place; economic crisis because young women had to pay back the loan to brokers – traffickers – and could not repay the money for lenders; and school dropout. From the finding, it is concluded that although young women exposed to human trafficking by the vision of having their job in the future and the income they could generate in West Asia. They had a dream to improve their lives, they could not realize their dream since they were unable to save the money thereby leading them to social and economic crises. Hence, it is recommended that issues of human trafficking should be incorporated into the school curriculum, at least at the elementary level, so that young women get better awareness about the negative consequences of human trafficking and abstain from traffickers. It is also recommended that young women who work abroad legally should open their formal bank account to save their wages to escape social and economic crises when they return.
An Assessment of the Magnitude of Divorce and Associated Factors in Selected Woredas of Illubabor and Buno Bedelle Zones, Oromia, Ethiopia
Authors: E. Taye Chali , S. Abebe Melkamu , G. Tsige Endalkachew
Published: October 2020

Currently, the case of divorce is everywhere in the community and its magnitude is increasing at an alarming rate. The increasing rate of divorce negatively affects the wellbeing of the society, and therefore, its adverse effect would be reflected in the building of a strong nation/state. The main objective of this study was to assess the magnitude and associated factors of divorce in the selected Woredas located in Illubabor and Bunno Bedelle Zones. To carry out this study, a qualitative approach and secondary sources of data were employed. The data collected through interviews and secondary sources were analyzed by thematic analysis and descriptive methods. After analysis, the result showed the increasing rate of divorce cases from year to year. The major causal factors for divorce were found to be economic dependency rather than interdependency, lack of regular source of income to sustain a marriage, addictive behaviors (khat and alcohol), external pressure (from family and peer), poor preparation for marriage and intolerance of religious and interest differences. Since the case was worsening, the government should work cooperatively with civil societies on the root factors to minimize the rate of divorce.
Research on Student Ratings of Instruction: Implications for Teachers and Professional Development Programs
Authors:   Faculty of Liberal Arts, Sophia University, Japan, Koyama Dennis
Published: October 2020

Evaluations of teaching effectiveness have taken many forms over the years, but none have been as persistent or commonplace as student ratings of instruction (SRI). SRIs have become a fundamental component of evaluating faculty effectiveness in higher education. Support for SRIs comes from end-users of the data who believe that students are uniquely positioned to evaluate faculty based on their experiences and perceptions of the instruction they received. Pragmatically, institutions tend to rely on SRI results for teacher evaluations because they reason that students learn more from faculty who are highly rated by students. However, to what degree is this enthusiasm warranted? Are SRIs reliable, valid, or trustworthy at all? The main goals of this chapter are to present an overview of SRI research, explain ways of preparing students for SRIs (both formative and summative), and present methods for teachers to use when examining the SRI data. To these ends, this chapter will briefly review the SRI research, including evidence for the value of SRI data despite commonly held misconceptions about the possible influence of factors such as class size, GPA, gender, and professor rank. Attention is then given to understanding how to improve responses to questions that tap constructs students are unlikely to be readily able to respond to, such as “Did this course improve your critical thinking skills?” and to general agreement questions about learning, such as “The pacing of the materials was appropriate.” Techniques for interpreting constructed responses from students, such as “Stop lecturing!” are also provided. Finally, the paper moves on to highlighting the connection between collecting and acting on formative classroom surveys that support positive transfer to end-of-term SRIs and offers methods to analyze SRIs individually as well as outlining an approach to teacher development with SRI data and teacher-centered consultations by PD programs.
A Discussion of Servant and Ethical Leadership Styles
Authors:   Education Faculty, Harran University, Turkey., Göçen Ahmet
Published: October 2020

With an increasing number of studies on leadership, the concepts of ethics and servant-hood occupy a greater presence in educational management literature. Today‖s school leader could achieve more recognition, become more credible and legitimate in their schools, with their stand in ethical dilemmas and welcoming the needs of the teachers and learners in the first place. It is believed that servant leadership presents organizations with a chance to attain their goals in ethical leadership practices. When the literature is examined, there seems a tendency to assume servant leadership as an influential factor in ethical outcomes. Thus, this chapter will seek to examine the related terms in ethical and servant leadership, the link between both leadership styles and will explore conceptual and empirical findings related to both leadership styles. The chapter is focused on studies in business and education settings, to give more comprehensive idea to the readers on servant and ethical leadership styles.
Realising the Vision of Technology Integration: A Case Study of K-12 Private Schools in the United Arab Emirates
Authors:   Doctoral Candidate, Doctor of Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia., Mahmoud Kheder , Arden Catherine ,   Senior Lecturer in Adult and Vocational Education, School of Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia., Donovan Jennifer ,   Lecturer (Education), School of Education, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia.
Published: October 2020

Heralded by the release of government policies such as Vision 2021, the United Arab Emirates (UAE) has joined the worldwide impetus for the integration of Information Communications Technologies (ICTs) into its K-12 education system as a central plank of reforms to its economy and education system. This presents challenges for schools in both public and private sectors in the UAE as they strive to adhere to national government and local education authority guidelines and standards for educational innovation. Whilst the UAE Government has invested heavily to support technology integration in public schools, private schools must fund their own technology integration initiatives. In a context of strong growth in the private K-12 sector and reported high teacher turnover rates, private school leadership faces particular challenges related to decision-making about investment in suitable technologies and support systems, including teachers‖ professional development. This chapter reports some preliminary findings from a qualitative case study investigating the teacher, school and system-wide factors impacting on technology integration in selected private schools located in four Emirates. The study combines policy analysis with semi-structured interviews of a purposive sample of private school K-12 educators to yield a detailed understanding of the challenges faced by private sector UAE schools in implementing technology integration in response to national government policy directives. The findings will inform the development of an implementation framework providing guidance regarding critical success factors for effective technology integration in private schools with particular implications for school leadership and teachers‖ professional learning.
Integrating Universal Design for Learning in Schools: Implications for Teacher Training, Leadership and Professional Development
Authors:   Royal Roads University, Canada, Fovet Frederic
Published: October 2020

Universal Design for Learning (UDL) has gained momentum in K-12 education over the last decade. It enables educators to go beyond deficit model approaches to inclusion, and offers sustainable practices for the inclusion of diverse learners through intentional design for instruction and assessment. Promotion of UDL has taken many forms, from provincial projects to school communities of practice. A challenge remains, however, when comes time to widen implementation efforts. There remain specific challenges with regards to the scaling up of implementation strategies across schools and school boards. The process of management of change towards wider UDL buy-in is complex and leads to a necessary questioning of current professional development practices for in-service teachers, and of pre-service teaching in its present format. This chapter will explore these contemporary issues, as well as the wider reflection around leadership that must accompany this process.
Artificial Intelligence in Business
Authors:   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India., Kaur Amandeep , Mohammad Aslam Anjum ,   Department of Computer Science & Engineering, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India.
Published: October 2020

In this chapter we discuss the core concept of Artificial Intelligence. We define the term of Artificial Intelligence and its interconnected terms such as Machine learning, deep learning, Neural Networks. We describe the concept with the perspective of its usage in the area of business. We further analyze various applications and case studies which can be achieved using Artificial Intelligence and its sub fields. In the area of business already numerous Artificial Intelligence applications are being utilized and will be expected to be utilized more in the future where machines will improve the Artificial Intelligence, Natural language processing, Machine learning abilities of humans in various zones.
Does the Human Brain Resort to AI's Deep Learning in Order to Solve Problems
Authors:   Dean, VU School of Management, Switzerland. Dean (Retired) Maastricht School of Management, MSM, The Netherlands. CEO, Association for Accreditation of International Business, M S S El Namaki Prof.
Published: October 2020

Problem solving is a daily occurrence in business and, also, in human brains. Businesses resort to a variety of modes in order to find an answer to these problems.Human brains adopt, also, a variety of measures to solve their own brand of problems. Artificial Intelligence technologies seem to have been extending a helping hand to business in the search for problem solving mechanisms. Machine learning and deep learning are currently recognized as prime modes for business insight and problem solving. Does the human brain possess competencies and instruments that could compare to the deep learning technologies adopted by AI?
Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning and Data Science as Iterations of Business Automation for Small Businesses
Authors:   Managing Partner- Business Automation, SKS Consulting & Advisors, India., Sharma Pooja
Published: October 2020

Artificial intelligence and machine learning, the two iterations of automation are based on the data, small or large. The larger the data, the more effective an AI or machine learning tool will be. The opposite holds the opposite iteration. With a larger pool of data, the large businesses and multinational corporations have effectively been building, developing and adopting refined AI and machine learning based decision systems. The contention of this chapter is to explore if the small businesses with small data in hands are well-off to use and adopt AI and machine learning based tools for their day to day business operations.
A proporcionalidade em desencanto: um problema acerca do significado de princípio
Authors: Liziero Leonam
Published: October 2020

O artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar um problema de recepção da designação de proporcionalidade como um princípio jurídico em razão da confusão semântica do uso da palavra princípio em português. Enquanto caminho metodológico, este trabalho se inicia com a contextualização do problema das recepções de teorias estrangeiras no Brasil no cenário pós-1988 e como a narrativa estabelecida pela doutrina constitucional da efetividade realiza críticas infundadas ao positivismo jurídico. Tal retórica por princípios gerou um encantamento no uso de princípios na prática dos tribunais que acabam por gerar incertezas acerca da aplicabilidade de direitos. Por fim, demonstra-se que designar a proporcionalidade, oriunda especialmente de Robert Alexy, como um princípio, causa certa confusão no receptor das ideias, o que retroalimenta o fetichismo principiológico no Brasil.
A tributação do patrimônio imobiliário urbano no Brasil: um estudo sobre a deterioração das finanças municipais
Authors: Monteiro Paiva Luiza Rita , Lopes da Silva Mariana
Published: October 2020

O artigo relaciona as vicissitudes do modelo normativo do federalismo pátrio e a crise financeira que assola os Municípios brasileiros, tendo em vista os parâmetros centralizadores adotados na distribuição constitucional de rendas. Após explicitar a confluência entre os problemas financeiros dos Municípios e a insuficiência de receitas próprias, o trabalho aborda o impacto que o mau aproveitamento do potencial progressivo do IPTU, mormente com a desatualização de elementos de apuração da base de cálculo, gera sobre a capacidade de arrecadação própria dos entes subnacionais locais.