bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Utilizing Real-Time Image Processing for Monitoring Bacterial Cellulose Formation During Fermentation
Authors: Nugroho Darmawan Ari , Sutiarso Lilik , Rahayu Endang Sutriswati , Masithoh Rudiati Evi
Published: March 2023

In general, nata is a bacterial cellulose results from bacterial fermentation of Gluconacetobacter xylinus. During the fermentation process, bacterial cellulose accumulates on the surface of the medium and is eventually visible. The parameter of the end of the fermentation process is indicated by the formation of bacterial cellulose sheets with a certain thickness. During this time, the determination of the success of the fermentation process is done by direct observation of the thickness formed. In this way, the failure of the fermentation process cannot be detected early. Real-time monitoring during the fermentation period will be very helpful to monitor the speed of bacterial cellulose formation and early failure detection of the fermentation process. Currently, image processing has been widely used for various purposes. This study describes how to utilize image processing to monitor bacterial cellulose formation during the fermentation process. For this reason, it is necessary to modify the fermentor by making an area to shoot and follow any thickness increase in the bacterial cellulose, as well as painting the fermentor in dark color to better contrast with the bacterial cellulose color. The device used is the Raspberry Pi, which has been connected to a web camera. Once the image has been captured, it is then processed to calculate the thickness, after which the thickness data are sent to the database.
Urban Waterfront Park Plant Landscape Design—Take Ganjiang Citizen Park as an Example
Authors: Fuxin Wang
Published: March 2023

The design of waterfront parks is discussed with the aim of enhancing the ornamental nature of waterfront landscape greenery and enriching urban public space. In the urban waterfront, vegetation is a kind of landscape with various functions such as ecological, ornamental and aesthetic, which plays a pivotal role in improving people’s quality of life, ecological quality of life and urban image. Through the study of the basic principles and arrangement of waterfront urban landscaping, it has certain guiding significance for the planning and arrangement of waterfront park greenery.
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF CETIRIZINE HYDROCHLORIDE pH TRIGGED IN-SITU OCULAR GEL
Authors: SAURABH SURENDRA SINGH , RATHORE KAMAL SINGH , GHOSH SANTANU
Published: March 2023

Objective: In the present research work, the aim was to prepare pH trigged in-situ ocular gel of Cetirizine Hydrochloride (CTZ) to improve its local bioavailability at the eye surface.
Methods: CTZ in-situ ocular gel was prepared by the pH-trigged method. In-situ CTZ ocular gel was prepared by a pH-sensitive gelling agent (Carbomer) with a one-viscosity builder polymer (HPMC E4M). All formulation was evaluated for appearance, pH, viscosity at different pH, gelling capacity, % drug content, and drug release. Nine formulations were prepared and optimized successfully using 32 factorial designs. Optimization was done by DoE software version Version 13.0.10.064.
Results: All nine formulations of in-situ ocular gel were subjected to evaluation. Out of 9 formulations, F3 had a good gelling capacity with the minimum amount of polymer. The appearance of the optimized formulation was translucent and homogenous. The pH of the F3 formulation is 5.55±0.07, which is good for maintaining formulation in the solution stage. Viscosity at 20 RPM of F3 formulation at pH 5.5 is 837.30±1.00 cps; this range of viscosity has good flow properties. Viscosity at 20 RPM of F3 formulation at pH 7.4 is 6800.74±1.58cps; this range of viscosity has a good gelling capacity which helps to drug retain at the eye surface. Drug content is 100.16±0.53%. Drug release at 300 min is 69.22±2.12, it can say that the drug may be retained for more than 300 min at the eye surface, which is good for reducing dosing frequency.
Conclusion: CTZ was successfully formulated in pH triggered in-situ gelling system using Carbomer 974P in combination with HPMC E4M. The prepared in-situ gel is easily converted from solution stage to gel stage at the pH of the eye so we can say that the drug in the in-situ ocular gel is more bioavailable than conventional ophthalmic solution In vitro results indicated that the in-situ gel system is a viable alternative to conventional ocular drops by virtue of its ability to sustain drug release.
SOLID LIPID NANOPARTICLES: A REVIEW ON DIFFERENT TECHNIQUES AND APPROACHES TO TREAT BREAST CANCER
Authors: GAJBHIYE SHILPA A. , PATIL MORESHWAR P.
Published: March 2023

Breast cancer, the most common malignancy among women, is also the second-leading cause of cancer deaths all over the world. As commonly used chemotherapy drugs, which are given systematically, causes toxicity not only to cancerous cells but also to proliferating normal cells. Similarly, drug resistance leads to drastic side effects and treatment failure. Thus arises the need for improving the therapeutic index of anticancer drugs. Owing to these failures, nanotechnology holds significant promises.
Using keywords like multi-drug resistance, effective targeting, therapeutics, intracellular pathways, efficacy, and breast cancer, references were looked up from specialised databases including Elsevier, Pubmed, and Cambridge from the year 1994 to 2023. This review was supplemented by a few references from Springer Nature and pertinent data from an online source. Along with online articles from Medscape, StatPearls, and The Lancet Respiratory Medicine, it was excellent.
Supported literature was used to overcome these challenges; therapeutic drugs are encapsulated in nanoparticles. Concurrently, solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN), with their few merits, like enhancing the therapeutic profile, overcoming multidrug resistance, providing a targeted approach, and serving as a controlled release, have gained the attention of researchers. SLNs confine significant promises, overcome these challenges, and help to possibly deliver the drug to a specific part of the body, particular organ, or tissue by an actively or passively targeted delivery system, which will be beneficial in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer. The objective of this article is to highlight the factors that influence the targeted drug delivery system and resultant bioavailability and also provide updates on recent research and various approaches used for breast drug delivery systems.
EKSPERIMENTASI MODEL PEMBELAJARAN PROJECT BASED LEARNING TERHADAP KETERAMPILAN MENULIS TEKS BERITA MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN BAHASA INGGRIS
Authors: Artha Dewi Juni , Febriyana Mutia , Sitompul Dian Novianti
Published: March 2023

This type of research is pre-experimental research. This research was conducted in three stages, namely pre-test, treatment and post-test. The subjects in this study were 237 students of the UMSU English Study Program. The techniques used to collect the data above include test techniques, observation, and an assessment rubric for writing news texts. The results of the study show that using the Project Based Learning model can improve the learning outcomes of writing news texts for UMSU students. This is evident from the increased student learning outcomes. The research carried out obtained the following results: (1) Student learning outcomes at the pretest stage were in the low category with an average score of 57.36 and at the post test stage they were in the medium category with an average value of 75.92 (3) The results of the analysis shows that there are changes that occur in student attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely the application of learning using the Project Based Learning model in news text writing skills has an influence on student learning outcomes. Based on this description, it can be concluded that the Project Based Learning increases the skills of writing news texts for students of the UMSU English education study program.
The Image of Light in the “Ekphrasis of the Hagia Sophia” by Paul the Silentiary
Authors:   A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Aleksandrova Tatiana L.
Published: March 2023

The paper explores the imagery of light in a poem by Paul the Silentiary (6th century) “Ekphrasis of the Hagia Sophia” (and in an adjoining poem “Ekphrasis of the Ambo”) written by order of the Emperor Justinian in 562 on the occasion of the re-consecration of the Church. This problem is more often touched upon from the point of view of art because of the detailed description of the lighting system in St. Sophia, which uses artificial as well as natural light. But the imagery of light in the poem by Paul the Silentiary bears a purely artistic load as well. On the one hand, the light symbolize the presence of the Deity in the Temple; the lighting system itself is arranged so that its description echoes the image of the descent of heavenly light in Pseudo-Dionysius Areopagite. On the other hand, the light symbolizes joy that comes to replace sadness. Here Paul alludes to contemporary historic atmosphere and the events that inspired the writing of the poem: the earlier victories of Justinian and the ability of the emperor to resist adversity that marked the late period of his reign; the collapse of the dome in the earthquake and its recovery. The date of re-consecration committed on Christmas Eve becomes an occasion for thinking: after the December decrease sunlight should be his new revival. Thus, the symbolism of light carries the idea of a new flourishing, which awaits the Kingdom of Justinian. The emperor himself in the description of Paul appears as the “Sun King,” who shines to the East and the West and bear to the world the divine light of the Trinity. The poem ends with a supplication to God — the Light — to donate His grace to the emperor, the city and its citizens. Such a multi-dimensional approach indicates the high poetic skill of Paul the Silentiary.
Rapid genetic adaptation to a novel ecosystem despite a massive bottleneck
Authors: Sparks Morgan , Schraidt Claire , Yin Xiaoshen , Seeb Lisa , Christie Mark
Published: March 2023

Introduced and invasive species make excellent natural experiments for
investigating rapid evolution. Here, we describe the effects of genetic
drift and rapid genetic adaptation in pink salmon (Oncorhynchus
gorbuscha) that were accidentally introduced to the Great Lakes via a
single introduction event 31-generations ago. Using whole-genome
resequencing for 134 fish spanning five sample groups across the native
and introduced range, we estimate that the progenitor population’s
effective population size was 146,886 at the time of introduction,
whereas the founding population’s effective population size was just
72—a 2040-fold decrease. As expected with a severe bottleneck, we show
reductions in genome-wide measures of genetic diversity, specifically a
37.7% reduction in the number of SNPs and an 8.2% reduction in
observed heterozygosity. Despite this decline in genetic diversity, we
provide evidence for putative selection at 47 loci across multiple
chromosomes in the introduced populations, including missense variants
in genes associated with circadian rhythm, immunological response, and
maturation, which match expected or known phenotypic changes in the
Great Lakes. For one of these genes, we use a species-specific
agent-based model to rule out genetic drift and conclude that a strong
response to selection occurred in a period gene (per2) that plays a
predominant role in determining an organism’s daily clock, matching
large day length differences experienced by introduced salmon during
important phenological periods. Together, these results inform how
populations might evolve rapidly to new environments, even with a small
pool of standing genetic variation.
The Use of Computational Phenotypes within Electronic Healthcare Data to Identify Transgender People in the United States: A Narrative Review
Authors: Beltran Theo G. , Lett Elle , Poteat Tonia , Hincapie-Castillo Juan
Published: March 2023

Purpose: With the expansion of research utilizing electronic
healthcare data to identify transgender (TG) population health trends,
the validity of computational phenotype algorithms to identify TG
patients is not well understood. We aim to identify the current state of
the literature that has utilized CPs to identify TG people within
electronic healthcare data and their validity, potential gaps, and a
synthesis of future recommendations based on past studies.
Methods: Authors searched the National Library of Medicine’s
PubMed, Scopus, and the American Psychological Association Psyc Info’s
databases to identify studies published in the United States that
applied CPs to identify TG people within electronic health care data.
Results: Twelve studies were able to validate or enhance the
positive predictive value (PPV) of their CP through manual chart reviews
(n=5), hierarchy of code mechanisms (n=4), key text-strings (n=2), or
self-surveys (n=1). CPs with the highest PPV to identify TG patients
within their study population contained diagnosis codes and other
components such as key text-strings. However, if key text-strings were
not available, researchers have been able to find most TG patients
within their electronic healthcare databases through diagnosis codes
alone. Conclusion: CPs with the highest accuracy to identify TG
patients contained diagnosis codes along with components such as
procedural codes or key text-strings. CPs with high validity are
essential to identifying TG patients when self-reported gender identity
is not available. Still, self-reported gender identity information
should be collected within electronic healthcare data as it is the gold
standard method to better understand TG population health patterns.
Optimal allocation of generalized heat storage in distribution network of renewable energy
Authors: Zhu Yanfang , He Zhifang , Yan Lei , He Weihua , Zhao Wenna , Chang Kang
Published: March 2023

In order to solve the problem of optimal allocation of general heat resources
in high permeability renewable energy distribution network, an optimal
allocation scheme of general heat resources in renewable energy distribution
network is proposed. The optimal allocation scheme in renewable energy
distribution network is proposed. In this paper, the internal and external
two-layer structure is designed. The outer layer uses genetic algorithm to
search the structural parameters of general energy system, and the inner
layer uses dynamic programming method to get the optimal performance of
general energy system. The internal and external alternate adjustment
methods are used to optimize the general-purpose power distri?bution
capability of the continuous-wave power supply network with different
permeability and controllability, and the proposed method is verified in
IEEE 33 node distribution network. The experimental results show that the
general strength storage capacity is 26.6% and 45.7% higher than that of
the process with a continuous strength renewable permeability of 30% and
40%, respectively. The utility rates were increased by 18.4% and 27.8%,
respectively. Under the condition of high permeability renewable energy, the
proposed method can increase the efficiency of resource management of
distribution network by regulating load, decrease the distribution capacity
of energy stability, and reduce the operation cost of the system.
Analysis of propagation characteristics of hydrogen flame in shock tube in integrated energy system
Authors: Zhao Baohua
Published: March 2023

In order to study the explosion law of hydrogen and air premixed gas in the
pipe-line, the author proposes an analysis of the propagation
characteristics of hydrogen in the shock tube in the integrated energy
system. Use a square transparent pipe with a size of 150 mm?150 mm?1000 mm,
the shape of the explosion flame, the propagation velocity and the pressure
change with the hydrogen volume fraction from 10-40% were observed through
experiments. Flame spread and pressure were recorded and measured by high
speed cameras and pressure sensors, respectively. Experimental results show
that the explosion flame characteristics and pressure changes are greatly
affected by the hydrogen volume fraction. With the increase of hydrogen
volume fraction, the maximum velocity and maximum value of flame in pipe
increase significantly. The maximum flame propagation speed is increased
from 18.3-304.2 m/s, and the propagation time is shortened from 123.5-10.5
ms. The pressure peak increased from 2.95-34.06 kPa. The analysis of the
propagating characteristics of the hydrogen flame in the shock tube in the
integrated energy system can well reflect the intensity of the hydrogen
explosion. Do not use abbreviations and acronyms in the abstract.
Application of building equipment intelligent management and control system in renewable energy thermal energy modelling
Authors: Su Siyuan
Published: March 2023

In order to solve the dynamic characteristics of fuel cell thermal energy in
building equipment intelligent control system, this paper proposes the
application research of building equipment intelligent control system in
renewable energy thermal energy modelling. A cold water proton exchange
membrane fuel cell cogeneration scheme was proposed. The heat produced by
the installation is carried out by the cooling system, and the heat is
exchanged between the heat exchanger and the hot water always heated in the
heat exchanger. At the same time, a water tank is used to store hot water
for heat recovery. Based on MATLsimulation coupling software platform,
the simulation model of fuel cell cogeneration system was es?tablished,
including reactor model, power system model, heat exchanger model, etc. The
simulation model of fuel cell cogeneration system was built up, including
the reactor model, power system model, and so on. The experimental results
show that the system can achieve good response performance and
anti-disturbance by using fuzzy PID controller to control and simulate the
system. At the same time, the simulation results show that the optimal
efficiency of the system in the power load is about 83%. In conclusion, it
can meet the modern family?s thermal power demands and improve the power
consumption.
Analysis on overall energy efficiency and flexibility of thermal integrated energy system
Authors: Wang Hui , Ji Xiu , Xu Liao , Zhang Hong , An Yinping
Published: March 2023

In order to solve the problem of energy consumption, improve the efficiency
of energy utilization and develop new energy, the total energy consumption
and fluctuation of thermal integrated energy were analyzed. Four
suggestions are put forward for the integrated power system of flexible
thermal power plant, namely, electric heat storage system, electric heat
pump heat storage system, g, heating system and high pressure heating system
via steam turbine, which can improve the air energy consumption capacity of
the system and reduce the total coal consumption of the system. Among them,
in the case of small air conditioning units or small air conditioning units
do not use electric heating furnace and electric heat pump furnace. Heat
storage technology of thermal power unit is not suitable for daily exhaust.
In contrast, the high pressure/IP bypass heating process of steam turbine is
more flexible and less restrictive, which is the best method for comparison.
Compared with other schemes discussed by the author, this scheme has the
highest flexibility and the least restrictions, and is the best one among
the four.
Thermodynamic model of HVAC under building exterior wall
Authors: Lu Xiuhua
Published: March 2023

In order to solve the problem under the exterior wall of a building, the
author proposes a thermodynamic model for HVAC. Scientific and technological
progress has promoted social development, under the new development
situation, people have higher requirements for living environment. In
architectural design, residential environment design is the key content,
especially the design of indoor temperature control system. With the
continuous promotion of the national sustainable development strategy, the
current architectural design pays more at?tention the green design concept,
and the HVAC design is the key design content in realizing the green
architectural design. In order to make HVAC design more scientific and
reasonable, the author studied the concept that HVAC design needs to follow
from the perspective of green buildings, and analyzed the specific
ap?plication methods of HVAC design technology. The experimental results
indicate that the building envelope parameters have a great impact on the
building thermodynamic performance, and the annual cooling and heating
loads of buildings should be comprehensively considered, reasonably
determine the building envelope parameters. The building load has a low
support value, so only low quality energy can meet the building load demand,
when selecting the HVAC system, consider the matching of energy quality, try
to introduce low grade energy, and improve energy utilization efficiency.
Modeling and optimization of micro grid supply and demand system for renewable thermal energy
Authors: Tong Zhanying , Guo Beibei
Published: March 2023

The economic benefit of microgrid is the key factor to realize
environment-friendly power supply. With the wide application of new energy
power generation, scholars have carried out a lot of research on microgrid
models, but the existing models cannot reflect the important role of
renewable energy in microgrid operation. Therefore, the author proposes a
power generation and storage model based on renewable heat energy and
microgrid. In order to minimize the cost and meet the requirements of CO2
emission limitation, the cost of power generation, storage and production in
the microgrid is analyzed in detail. At the same time, the optimization
method of renewable energy microgrid system operation is also studied. First
of all, by analyzing the characteristics of the microgrid system, a
mathematical model and simulation calculation system are established to help
understand the microgrid system. Secondly, the author has carried out a
separate study on the energy storage in the microgrid system, and listed the
benefits and costs of the energy storage process. In the grid-connected
state, the performance of each unit in the microgrid system is better, the
system is more stable and safe, and the operating cost is reduced again..
Exploring Work Ethic in Ghana
Authors: Norman Ishmael D.
Published: March 2023

This paper explores the philosophical, sociological and historical basis of work-ethic in Ghana, bearing in mind Marx Weber’s Protestant Work Ethic and its effects on largely Christian and capitalistic population of Ghana. It relies on normative ethics, the collective national perception of work and actual productivity in certain industries, the quality of made-in-Ghana goods and services, and the pursuit of professionalism, aided by extensive literature review and content analysis. The author raised the dialectical but main research question as to whether Ghana has a national ethical code beyond the imported Judo-Christian, and other faith-based but incongruent moral dictums on work. The second research question is whether the ethnic groups in Ghana have their unique but positive culturally relative or philosophical takes on work? Third inquiry was whether the myriad cultural values coalesce into a cultural ethical relative value system for Ghana? The key outcome of the exploration revealed, there appears to be disconnect between official rhetoric on productivity and the phenomenon of work in the nation and among the ethnic groups. This is due to the absence of a well-defined national or regional overarching moral basis for work. There is also the lack of the cultural estimation of productivity as a measure of a well-functioning workforce and society like Germany and Japan, or a more laissez faire nation like the United States of America. As novel as this paper is about Ghana’s work ethic, it may not inform policy on national productivity or even help to define the national work ethic, due to the fact that the author is not a politician with power over policy direction in Ghana.
Rising to the Occasion: The Importance of the Pandemic for Faculty Adoption Patterns
Authors: Zhang Jing , Dumont Georgette E. , Sumbera Becky G. , Medina Pamela , Kordrostami Melika , Ni Anna Y
Published: March 2023

Technology adoption patterns, in general, have been shown to have a common set of predictive factors such as performance expectancy, social influence, voluntariness, effort expectancy, and facilitating conditions. However, the significance of such factors varies dramatically by situation and conditions. In the faculty adoption of online teaching modalities, three conditions were investigated in a university case study with 180 faculty respondents. Using the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology model, participants were asked to respond to questions about these factors prior to the pandemic, their perceptions about continuing pre-pandemic use in the future, and their perceptions about increasing pre-pandemic adoption of online teaching in the future. Critical to prior expectations were performance expectancy and level of effort. Continued use relied on all five factors, but only the negative aspects of social influence were significant. Factors affecting increased adoption (assuming voluntariness) were performance expectancy and facilitating conditions. Findings suggest that increased exposure to online teaching may not be as crucial as the quality of faculty experiences during the pandemic. The rationale for these factor shifts is provided, the effects of institutional support are discussed, the threats and limitations to generalizability are reviewed, and the ramifications for institutions trying to enhance faculty adoption are summarized.
Establishing a Student Evaluation of Online Teaching and Learning Framework Through Analysis of Existing Instruments
Authors: Sun Ting , Martin Florence , Kim Stella , Westine Carl
Published: March 2023

This study aims to establish a framework for student evaluation of online teaching and learning (SEOTL) through an analysis of SEOTL instruments implemented by universities and colleges. From a list of 131 R1 and 135 R2 institutions, we searched, reviewed, and identified 27 instruments for student evaluation of online teaching. A five-dimensional evaluation framework with 24 categories of elements was developed through an analysis of these instruments. There were 278 evaluation elements among the 27 instruments. We found that most instruments focus more on the Course and Instructor dimensions, with Instructor Facilitation and Learning Goals and Objectives elements occurring most frequently. However, Organization and Technology dimensions with Advising Availability and Adequacy, Registration Procedures, Support Services, and Online Help Desk elements were least included. This study has implications for administrators, instructors, instructional designers, and students.
A Systematic Review of Research on Online Learner Collaboration from 2012–21: Collaboration Technologies, Design, Facilitation, and Outcomes
Authors: Oyarzun Beth , Martin Florence
Published: March 2023

Online Learner Collaboration (OLC) supports the development of knowledge and skills through social construction. In this systematic review of research spanning a decade, authors examined 63 articles for publication patterns, participant and context trends, and research methodology trends using an online learner collaboration framework consisting of the following elements: collaborative technologies, design, facilitation, and outcomes. The higher education context and education discipline had the most research conducted on OLC among the studies reviewed. All three research methods (quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods) were used equally in the articles. The most commonly used technologies for OLC were learning management systems (LMS), discussion boards, writing tools, and synchronous tools. The most commonly used collaborative methods were group projects and discussions. The most common grouping size was small groups, and groups were commonly formed through random assignment, based on criteria, or student-formed. Instructors mostly assumed roles as designers, facilitators, supporters, and evaluators during OLC. Increased learning, communication and collaboration skills, and relationship building were the top three opportunities that OLC offered. Time, technical issues, and anxiety/fear/stress were challenges that appeared most frequently. Most of the research on OLC focused on cognitive and affective outcomes. The review has implications for online instructors and instructional designers who design and facilitate collaborative online courses.
INTRODUCTION TO SECTION II - VOLUME 27, ISSUE 1
Authors: Shea Peter
Published: March 2023

In addition to the special issue papers, this first issue of 2023 also includes ten articles from our regular submission process.  Topic include access, inclusion, synchronous online learning, student satisfaction, student evaluation of online faculty, student perspectives on engagement, faculty adoption of online teaching and more.
OLJ March 2023 27(1)
Authors: Rice Mary Frances
Published: March 2023

Full Issue of Vol. 27 No. 1
PROBLEMATIC INTERNET USE: EXAMINING PARENTS-ADOLESCENT COMMUNICATION AND SELF-CONTROL WITH STRESS LEVEL AS MEDIATOR
Authors: Raihan 'Ainun Hasanah  , Latifah Melly , Krisnatuti Diah
Published: March 2023

Although the internet can provide benefits and convenience for many users, it can lead to risky behaviors such as problematic internet use (PIU). This study investigates the relationship between parents-adolescent communication, self-control, and PIU mediated by stress levels. Data were collected from 233 Indonesian high school students selected using disproportionate stratified random sampling. The Parents-Adolescent Communication Scale, Brief Self-Control Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, and Problematic Internet Use in Adolescent were the scales used to measure the four variables. Descriptive analyses, difference test, Spearman correlations, structural equation modeling, and analysis of variance were used for data analysis purpose. The results show direct effects of openness in the parents-adolescent communication, self-control, and stress levels on PIU. Problems in parents-adolescent communication and self-control have an indirect effect on PIU as mediated by stress levels. These findings demonstrate the need for endeavors to urge adolescents to improve their self-control and manage stress levels to avoid PIU risk.
Influence of Water Quality and Pollution on Broiler’s Performance, Vaccine and Antibiotic Efficiencies – A Review
Authors: Saleh Nehad A. , Ayoub Mousa A. , Nossair Mohammed A. , Alqhtani Abdulmohsen H. , Swelum Ayman A. , Khojah Hanan , Gamal Mohammed , Imam Mohamed S. , Khafaga Asmaa F. , Arif Muhammad , Abd El-Hack Mohamed E.
Published: March 2023

Good water quality for livestock is critical for preserving animal health, ensuring the quality of animal products, supplying safe food, and increasing food production economics. Higher water levels of toxic compounds than permitted can impair meat, fat, eggs, and milk production, lower fertility, and represent public health hazards. Water picks up pollutants from its surroundings and those caused by animal and human activities. Many physicochemical parameters were used to ensure water quality, including pH, salt, taste, color, alkalinity, odor, and hardness. Water quality, directly and indirectly, impacts livestock performance and, thus, the poultry industry. Employing drinking water as a carrier of drugs still faces substantial barriers. The effectiveness of vaccinations and drugs is affected by inadequate water quality. Furthermore, contaminated water and poor nutrition negatively affect broiler chicken immunity, survival, and production. Antibiotics are widely utilized in poultry production to preserve animal health and growth. They can eliminate harmful bacteria in the gut, reduce the load on the immune system, optimize the digestive system, and boost growth performance. However, the abuse of antibiotics in animal agriculture has resulted in antibiotic-resistant infections threatening people and animals. As a result of its positive impact on the metabolome and gut microbiome, the natural antimicrobial combination could be used as an alternative; improving broiler chicken growth performance without negatively affecting the environment is currently paramount.
Serum and milk levels of antibodies to bovine viral diarrhoea virus, bovine herpesvirus-1 and -4, and circulation of different bovine herpesvirus-4 genotypes in dairy cattle with clinical mastitis
Authors: Ataseven Veysel S. , Ambarcıoğlu Pınar , Doğan Fırat
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Bovine viral diarrhoea virus (BVDV) and bovine herpesvirus (BoHV)-1 and -4 are important causes of respiratory diseases and reproductive disorders of dairy cattle worldwide.

Material and Methods

Investigation of BVDV and BoHV-1 and -4 antibody levels in the serum and milk of dairy cattle in a group with clinical mastitis and a healthy group was undertaken using an indirect ELISA, and identification of the BoHV-4 genotypes in clinical mastitis cases was attempted by PCR and sequencing.

Results

Antibodies specific to BVDV, BoHV-1 and BoHV-4 were detected in the serum and milk of all dairy cattle with clinical mastitis. The cut-off values for BVDV and BoHV-1 in the sera and milk were extremely high in both healthy and mastitic animals. However, BoHV-4 antibodies were detected only in the clinically mastitic cattle, and BoHV-4 levels were higher in milk than in sera among these animals. Genotypes I and II of BoHV-4 were detected in the milk samples of four seropositive cows with clinical mastitis from the same herd.

Conclusion

The results of this investigation demonstrate that clinical mastitis cases in the same herd may have aetiology in different BoHV-4 genotypes.
Bacterial and viral rodent-borne infections on poultry farms. An attempt at a systematic review
Authors: Domanska-Blicharz Katarzyna , Opolska Justyna , Lisowska Anna , Szczotka-Bochniarz Anna
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Rodents are quite common at livestock production sites. Their adaptability, high reproductive capacity and omnivorousness make them apt to become a source of disease transmission to humans and animals. Rodents can serve as mechanical vectors or active shedders of many bacteria and viruses, and their transmission can occur through direct contact, or indirectly through contaminated food and water or by the arthropods which parasitise infected rodents. This review paper summarises how rodents spread infectious diseases in poultry production.

Material and Methods

The aim of this review was to use PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) principles to meta-analyse the available data on this topic. Three databases – PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus – and grey literature were searched for papers published from inception to July 2022 using the established keywords.

Results

An initial search identified 2,999 articles that met the criteria established by the keywords. This number remained after removing 597 articles that were repeated in some databases. The articles were searched for any mention of specific bacterial and viral pathogens.

Conclusion

The importance of rodents in the spread of bacterial diseases in poultry has been established, and the vast majority of such diseases involved Salmonella, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus (MRSA), Pasteurella, Erysipelothrix or Yersinia infections. Rodents also play a role in the transmission of viruses such as avian influenza virus, avian paramyxovirus 1, avian gammacoronavirus or infectious bursal disease virus, but knowledge of these pathogens is very limited and requires further research to expand it.
Is Value-Based Health Care Just the Latest Fad or can it Transform the Slovenian Health Care System?
Authors: PREVOLNIK RUPEL Valentina , DOŠENOVIĆ BONČA Petra
Published: March 2023

You get what you pay for is a very old saying, originating from England in the mid-to late 1800s. However, despite being in use for more than two centuries, its meaning is still not fully grasped in Slovenian healthcare. While we claim that the healthcare system serves the patient and that the care provided is patient-centred, we do not even measure the treatment outcomes that matter to patients. Without measuring these, we do not know whether the treatment provided value to the patients, i.e. what were the benefits of the treatment relative to the costs. Slovenian payment models do not reimburse the providers for created patient-relevant value, but rather for the planned number of services or cases based on average incurred costs. It is thus time to digitalise the system, and start collecting, curating and analysing the relevant data to ensure that all stakeholders within the healthcare system co-deliver value to patients. While relevant stakeholders highlight notable challenges of implementing value-based healthcare in Slovenia, these are far from insurmountable.
Patient Outcomes and Hospital Nurses’ Workload: A Cross-Sectional Observational Study in Slovenian Hospitals Using the RN4CAST Survey
Authors: SKELA-SAVIČ Brigita , ALBREHT Tit , SERMEUS Walter , LOBE Bojana , BAHUN Mateja , DELLO Simon
Published: March 2023

Introduction

Higher nursing workload increases the odds of patient deaths, as the work environment has a significant effect on patient outcomes. The aim of the study was to explore the relation between patient outcomes and nurses’ working conditions in hospitals.

Methods

Administrative data on discharges of surgical patients for the year 2019 in eight general hospitals and two university medical centres in Slovenia were collected to determine in-hospital mortality within 30 days of admission. The RN4CAST survey questionnaire was used to gather data from nurses in these hospitals, with 1,010 nurses participating. Data was collected at the beginning of 2020. The number of nurses per shift and the nurse-to-patient ratio per shift were calculated. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate statistical methods were used to analyse the data.

Results

The 30-day in-hospital mortality for surgical patients was 1.00% in the hospitals sampled and ranged from 0.27% to 1.62%. The odds ratio for staffing suggests that each increase of one patient per RN is associated with a 6% increase in the likelihood of a patient dying within 30 days of admission. The mean patient-to-RN ratio was 15.56 (SD=2.50) and varied from 10.29 to 19.39. Four of the 13 tasks checked were not performed on patients during the last shift.

Conclusion

The results are not encouraging, with an extremely critical shortage of RNs and thus a high RN workload. The number of patients per RN is the highest in Europe and also higher than in some non-European countries, and represents an extreme risk to the quality of nursing and healthcare as a whole. The recommendation for acute non-emergency internal medicine and surgery departments is four patients per RN per shift.
Parametric Studies on Performance of Oil-Free Thrust Foil Bearings at Lower Speeds
Authors: Supreeth S. , Raju T.N. , Ravikuma R.N. , Mahesha C.R.
Published: March 2023

The present work involves an experimental analysis on gas-lubricated foil thrust bearing (FTB) that has major applications in food processing units at lower operating speeds. Parametric studies include testing thrust foil bearings with various foil configurations in terms of foil thickness, foil geometry, and foil material. Novel bearing testing apparatus designed and fabricated for the purpose supported a larger diameter (224 mm) thrust foil bearing, operated at speeds ranging from 10,000 rpm to 18,000 rpm. Performance of air foil thrust bearing (AFTB) concerning static structural stiffness and load bearing capability was determined in optimizing the best foil configuration. A novel dimensionless number was formulated that emphasizes the affecting factors of thrust foil bearing with respect to axial loads.
The pattern of orthopedic disease among patients attending orthopedic surgery clinics in King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
Authors: Wali Zubair , Alajlan Ajlan , Alaqeel Fares , Alali Ali , Altuwayjiri Khalid , Almesned Fahad , Almohanna Muhannad , Alkhalifah Reem , Alaibani Nouf , Alazmi Abdullah
Published: March 2023

Background: The burden of musculoskeletal conditions varies from region to region based on environmental and geographical factors. Knowing the extent of a problem and identifying the factors contributing to it is imperative in devising a preventive or curative measure for a specific issue affecting our population. To the best of the authors' knowledge, no studies have examined the pattern of orthopedic disease presented to the outpatient department (OPD) in the central region of Saudi Arabia. This study aimed at establishing a baseline statistic regarding the pattern and demographics distribution of orthopedic outpatient load in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia.
Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted among orthopedic outpatients at the Saudi King Fahad specialist hospital in Qassim, Buraydah. The orthopedics OPD data were extracted from patients' computer records over 6 months (January 2021 to June 2021).
Results: A total of 740 patients were studied for their chief complaint diagnosis, and the study discovered that most patients (55%) were males aged 19-50 years (50.14%). Fractures were the most common diagnosis (21.1%), followed by arthritis (20.3%), sports injuries (10.7%), lower back pain (9.5%), and tendinopathies (9.1%). Males were significantly more likely than females to have osteoporosis, arthritis, sports injuries, joint stiffness, tendinopathies, and enthesopathies. On the other hand, females experienced significantly higher rates of spondylosis, soft tissue injuries, scoliosis, neck pain, lower back pain, and fractures. Furthermore, females are far more likely than males to be directed to the physiotherapy department.
Conclusion: The study recommends that better protocols and strategies may be developed for managing orthopedic disorders in hospitals and health systems.
TINJAUAN AKSESIBILITAS RUANG DALAM BAGI PENYANDANG DISABILITAS PADA BANGUNAN SMESCO
Authors: Imansari Salsa , Prabowo A. Hadi , Kridarso Etty R
Published: March 2023

Perancangan bangunan dapat memberikan keleluasaan yang serupa antara kaum disabilitas dan manusia normal karena penyandang disabilitas memiliki kesempatan untuk hadir ditempat publik manapun. Perancangan dan aksesibilitas gedung SMESCO dapat mendukung kemudahan jalur yang dilalui, arahan ini menjadi bentuk pengingat ketetapan yang telah diatur dalam Undang-Undang pemerintah. Penerapan elemen untuk mempermudah aksesibilitas berupa material yang tepat membuat kenyamanan bagi pengguna kursi roda. sarana dan prasarana penyandang disabilitas menjadi komponen penting pada kemudahan aksesibilitas melingkupi sirkulasi, ramp, escalator, lift, kamar mandi, signage, dan tempat parkir. Diharapkan gedung SMESCO dapat menjadi contoh dan pembelajaran bagi bangunan fungsi ConventionCenter lainnya.Kata kunci : Aksesibilitas, Disabilitas, dan Kenyamanan
PENYULUHAN PEMILIHAN WARNA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KUALITAS RUMAH DI RW 02 KELURAHAN KRENDANG, JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Safitri Ristya Arinta , Madina Rizki Fitria , Rintawati Dewi
Published: March 2023

Permukiman di Kelurahan Krendang, Kecamatan Tambora merupakan salah satu pemukiman padat penduduk dan padat bangunan yang ada di Kota Jakarta. Jarak antar bangunan yang sangat berdekatan serta ukuran rumah yang kecil menyebabkan munculnya beberapa permasalahan lingkungan dan kesehatan.  Rumah merupakan kebutuhan primer manusia sebagai tempat berlindung.  Rumah yang layak huni memiliki beberapa kriteria yaitu; keselamatan bangunan, dan kecukupan minimum luas bangunan, serta kesehatan penghuni. Selain itu rumah layak huni juga harus memenuhi kenyamanan dan keamanan penghuni. Rumah sempit dapat diakali dengan pemilihan warna yang tepat sehingga berkesan bersih dan luas. Selain itu paduan warna juga menciptakan karakter yang berbeda pada tiang ruangan. Pada pemukiman warga RW02, perlu adanya perbaikan rumah untuk meningkatkan kualitas hidup. Hasil wawancara dan survei awal menunjukan warga belum mengetaui mengenai pemilihan warna yang dapat meningkatkan kenyamanan pada rumah. Sehingga diperlukan penyuluhan dan konsultasi untuk warga mengenai hal tersebut. Hasil dari penyuluhan dan konsultasi yang dilakukan adalah antusiasme warga untuk mengetahui warna yang dapat dipergunakan di rumah cukup tinggi. Hasil tes paska penyuluhan juga menunjukan peningkatan pengetahuan warga mengenai pemilihan warna.
KONSULTASI DAN PENYULUHAN RUANG DALAM (INTERIOR) HUNIAN DI KELURAHAN MERUYA SELATAN, JAKARTA BARAT
Authors: Ischak Mohammad , Budiarti Ratih , Kridarso Etty Retno
Published: March 2023

Penataan ruang dalam (interior) hunian merupakan persoalan yang banyak diperhatikan dalam kehidupan manusia baik secara peorangan maupun kelompok. Penataan ruang dalam yang sehat secara fisik maupun non fisik dibutuhkan di daerah perkotaan terutama di daerah padat penduduk dengan luasan terbatas. Kelurahan Meruya Selatan, walaupun  merupakan hunian dengan lahan terbatas merupakan kampung kota yang layak untuk dikelola dengan baik secara fisik maupun non fisik untuk menunjang lingkungan perkotaan yang sehat dan nyaman. Pelaksanana Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat diawali dengan survey sevara virtual sehubungan dengan masa pandemic Covid 19 saat ini untuk mendapatkan kejelasan tentang kondisi lingkungan maupun hunian disana. Penyuluhan dan contoh contoh diberikan pada saat kegiatan dilaksanakan. Tema yang diangkat tepat, dikarenakan kondisi penghuni  yang umumnya saat ini mereka bekerja dari rumah sehingga kegiatan dalam penataan ruang dalam dapat dilaksanakan untuk mengisi aktivitas selama masa pandemic. Kegiatan PKM ini secara langsung menambah pengetahuan dan membangun semangat pada masyarakat untuk menjadikan lingkungannya lebih baik.
PERANCANGAN ILUSTRASI RUMAH BERTEMA “NURSE” UNTUK KARAKTER OCTALAND IP DI OCTAGON STUDIO BANDUNG
Authors: Muhamad Nizar Al Muizzy  , Maria Saraswati Bijakbestari
Published: March 2023

Learning media using technology is currently very influential in the world of education. With the development of technology, education is easy to obtain. Technology media in the form of 3D illustrations, makes it easier for children aged 4-6 years to understand the lessons. Octaland is an exploratory IP aimed primarily at children who want to get to know the types of work that exist with an interesting illustrative approach. The making illustrations of Nadia’s house is made using objects that are correlated with the medical world to make it easier for children to get to know Nadia as a nurse. The process of making this house illustration with the theme of a nurse is made using a simple and easy-to-recognize illustration. The selection of shapes that tend to be oval and curved lines are deliberately used because the target market is children and also represents Nadia’s gentle character.Keyword: 3D illustrations, Octaland IP characters