bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Progresses in treatment of collagen and keratin-based materials with silver nanoparticles
Authors: Gaidau Carmen , Petica Aurora , Micutz Marin , Danciu Mihai , Vladkova Todorka
Published: March 2013

The treatment of chromium tanned sheepskins with poly(hydroxyl urethane) and dispersion of chemically synthesized nanosilver showed the best resistance to fungi and bacterial exposure tests. These collagen-based materials containing different amounts of nanosilver were investigated by Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy. The influence of sheepskins treated with silver nanoparticles on the wound healing process was assessed and the nanoparticles concentration seems to have a positive effect up to 370 ppm and does not influence the inflammatory process above this concentration.
Use of peat-based sorbents for removal of arsenic compounds
Authors: Ansone Linda , Klavins Maris , Eglite Linda
Published: March 2013

It is important to apply sorbent materials for purification of water from arsenic contamination due to serious arsenic pollution worldwide. We have developed new sorbents based on natural materials that provide a cheap and environmentally friendly alternative. For the first time, peat modified with iron compounds and iron humates were tested for sorption of arsenic compounds. The highest sorption capacity was found in peat modified with iron compounds. We have found that sorption of different arsenic speciation forms was strongly dependent on solution pH, reaction time and temperature. Calculations of the sorption process using thermodynamic parameters indicate the spontaneity of sorption process and its endothermic nature. Sorption kinetics showed that most arsenates are removed within 2 hours, and the kinetics of arsenate sorption on modified peat can be described by the pseudo-second order mechanism.
Preparation, characterization and photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/LiNbO3 composite
Authors: Zielinska Beata , Janus Magdalena , Kalenczuk Ryszard
Published: March 2013

The Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites were synthesized by impregnation of LiNbO3 in an aqueous solution of cobalt nitrate and next by calcination at 400°C. The activity of produced samples has been investigated in the reaction of photocatalytic hydrogen generation. The crystallographic phases, optical and vibronic properties were studied using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance (DR) UV-vis and resonance Raman spectroscopic techniques, respectively. The influence of cobalt content (range from 0.5 wt.% to 4 wt.%) on the photocatalytic activity of Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites for photocatalytic hydrogen generation has been investigated. Co3O4/LiNbO3 composites exhibited higher than LiNbO3 photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation. The highest H2 evolution efficiency was observed for Co3O4/LiNbO3 composite with 3 wt.% cobalt content. The amount of H2 obtained in the presence of LiNbO3 and Co3O4/LiNbO3 (3 wt.% of cobalt content) was 1.38 µmol/min and 2.59 µmol min−1, respectively.
Global existence for a system of nonlocal PDEs with applications to chemically reacting incompressible fluids
Authors: Bárta Tomáš
Published: March 2013

We show global existence for a class of models of fluids that change their properties depending on the concentration of a chemical. We allow that the stress tensor in (t, x) depends on the velocity and concentration at other points and times. The example we have in mind foremost are materials with memory.
Numerical analysis of nonlinear model of excited carrier decay
Authors: Tumanova Natalija , Čiegis Raimondas , Meilūnas Mečislavas
Published: March 2013

This paper presents a mathematical model for photo-excited carrier decay in a semiconductor. Due to the carrier trapping states and recombination centers in the bandgap, the carrier decay process is defined by the system of nonlinear differential equations. The system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations is approximated by linearized backward Euler scheme. Some a priori estimates of the discrete solution are obtained and the convergence of the linearized backward Euler method is proved. The identifiability analysis of the parameters of deep centers is performed and the fitting of the model to experimental data is done by using the genetic optimization algorithm. Results of numerical experiments are presented.
Sierpiński graphs as spanning subgraphs of Hanoi graphs
Authors: Hinz Andreas , Klavžar Sandi , Zemljič Sara
Published: March 2013

Hanoi graphs H
pn model the Tower of Hanoi game with p pegs and n discs. Sierpinski graphs S
pn arose in investigations of universal topological spaces and have meanwhile been studied extensively. It is proved that S
pn embeds as a spanning subgraph into H
pn if and only if p is odd or, trivially, if n = 1.
Bloch-to-Hardy composition operators
Authors: Doubtsov Evgueni , Petrov Andrei
Published: March 2013

Let φ be a holomorphic mapping between complex unit balls. We characterize those regular φ for which the composition operators C
φ: f ↦ f ○ φ map the Bloch space into the Hardy space.
Convolution on L
p-spaces of a locally compact group
Authors: Abtahi Fatemeh , Nasr-Isfahani Rasoul , Rejali Ali
Published: March 2013

We have recently shown that, for 2 < p < ∞, a locally compact group G is compact if and only if the convolution multiplication f * g exists for all f, g ∈ L
p(G). Here, we study the existence of f * g for all f, g ∈ L
p(G) in the case where 0 < p ≤ 2. Also, for 0 < p < ∞, we offer some necessary and sufficient conditions for L
p(G) * L
p(G) to be contained in certain function spaces on G.
Linguistic and cultural dimensions of Slovak onomastics in Slavistics research
Authors: Krško Jaromír
Published: March 2013

In his paper the author argues that interdisciplinary research and collaboration between different scientific branches are important in ensuring that research captures the wider picture. The author ascertains common points in history, ethnology, dialectology, and folkloristics by looking at various examples of onomastic research conducted in Slovakia. The research findings are part of broad pan-Slavic research and are important in Slovak Slavistics as well.
Slovak folk tradition in ethnolinguistic studies of the Carpathian-Balkan area
Authors: Plotnikova Anna
Published: March 2013

The article is devoted to an analysis of Carpathian-Balkan studies conducted by the Russian Academy of Sciences since 2006. The Slovak tradition is an important one, as it displays characteristics which are common to the Carpathian region as a whole. Furthermore, there are a number of Carpathian-South Slavic and Carpathian-Balkan parallels in terminology and related phenomena in folk culture.
A Statistical Model for Misreported Binary Outcomes in Clustered RCTs of Education Interventions
Authors: Schochet Peter Z.
Published: March 2013

In education randomized control trials (RCTs), the misreporting of student outcome data could lead to biased estimates of average treatment effects (ATEs) and their standard errors. This article discusses a statistical model that adjusts for misreported binary outcomes for two-level, school-based RCTs, where it is assumed that misreporting could occur for students with truly undesirable outcomes, but not for those with truly desirable outcomes. A latent variable index approach using study baseline data is employed to model both the misreporting and binary outcome decision processes, separately for treatments and controls, using random effects probit models to adjust for school-level clustering. Quasi-Newton maximum likelihood methods are developed to obtain consistent estimates of the ATE parameter and the unobserved misreporting rates. The estimation approach is demonstrated using self-reported arrest data from a large-scale RCT of Job Corps, the nation’s largest residential training program for disadvantaged youths between the ages of 16 and 24.
Study of aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus
Authors: Karimsab D , Razak SK
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Normal bacterial flora may be altered by a variety of factors. Objective: To study the aerobic bacterial conjunctival flora in patients with diabetes mellitus and to find its clinical significance by comparing the results to the conjunctival flora of non-diabetic subjects. Materials and methods: A total of 75 diabetic patients were included as cases and 25 nondiabetics as controls to compare the results. Specimens for the study of conjunctival flora were taken by rubbing sterile cotton-tipped swabs to the inferior palbebral conjunctiva. The conjunctival culture report of the patients with diabetic mellitus was compared to that of nondiabetic subjects. Results: Positive conjunctival cultures were seen in a higher percentage of patients with diabetes (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 34.66 % and 58.66 % respectively) compared to that in non-diabetic controls (unilateral and bilateral positive conjunctival cultures 24 % and 16 % respectively). Diabetics showed a higher proportion of coagulase negative staphylococci (45.33 %), compared to the non-diabetic group (16 %). Among the diabetic patients, positive conjunctival cultures were detected more frequently in those with diabetic retinopathy compared to those without retinopathy. A higher proportions of bilateral positive conjunctival cultures were seen in cases with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (38.63 %) in comparison to patients with no retinopathy and different stages of non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Conclusion: The conjunctival floral pattern with increased bacteria in diabetics is a predominant cause of many diabetes-related ocular infections. The presence of diabetic retinopathy is an indicator for increased colonization of conjunctiva, and its severity correlates with the severity of diabetic retinopathy. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):28-32 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7818
Pattern of blindness in a community based hospital of Nepal
Authors: Sharma R , Marasini S , Nepal BP
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Because of the availability of modern health facilities and moderately easy access to health services in the last 25 years, the blindness due to cataract and trachoma is expected to decline in Nepal. So it is felt that the causes of blindness need to be revised. Objective: To regroup the disease pattern leading to permanent blindness in patients attending a suburban multidisciplinary community-based hospital of Nepal. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in patients attending Dhulikhel hospital over a period of 12 months, from March 2010. Only the patients with best corrected visual acuity of < 3/60 were enrolled in the study. A detailed ocular examination was carried out. Results: A total of 76 eyes of 58 patients were analyzed. Of all, 32 were male (55.2 %). The mean age of the patients was 43.03 ± 22.98, with a range of 7 years to 84 years. Retinal diseases had the higher prevalence (23, 39.7 %) followed by amblyopia (10, 17.2 %) and corneal diseases (9, 15.51 %). Anisometropic amblyopia (3.94 %) was the commonest type of amblyopia. Retinitis pigmentosa (9.21 %) and age-related macular degeneration (7.89 %) were common retinal diseases whereas anterior staphyloma (5.26 %) and leucoma (3.94 %) were common corneal diseases. Other important and rare causes of blindness included ethambutol-induced optic neuropathy and vitelliform dystrophy. Conclusion: Periodic collection of statistics on the relative frequency of the causes of blindness is important in socioeconomically developing nations like Nepal. This helps to revise the pattern of blinding diseases so that priorities can be redefined. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):50-56 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7822
Comparison of the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost (0.03 %) and travoprost (0.004 %) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma
Authors: Chander Ashish , Kapoor H , Thomas S
Published: March 2013

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of bimatoprost (0.03 %) and travoprost (0.004 %) in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG). Subjects and methods: Patients with POAG were randomized to receive either bimatoprost or travoprost once daily. Detailed ocular examination was done and intraocular pressure (IOP) was measured at 9.00 am, 1.00 pm and 4.00 pm at the baseline and at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 weeks of therapy. Results: A total of 31 patients were analysed. The patients were randomly divided into two groups (Bimatoprost group = 16; Travoprost group = 15). Both the groups had a statistically significant reduction from the baseline IOP at all follow up visits at 9.00 am, 1.00 pm and 4.00 pm. The mean IOP decreased from a baseline of 25 ± 2.32 mm Hg to 15.93 ± 1.79 mm Hg after 12 weeks in the bimatoprost group (p < 0.001), and from 24.2 ± 1.60 mm Hg to 16.53 ± 1.56 mm Hg in the travoprost group (p < 0.001). A better mean reduction of IOP was obtained with bimatoprost than with travoprost at the end of the study at 12 weeks (p = 0.03). Mild ocular redness was the commonest side effect in both the groups but was not significant in either group. Conclusion: Both drugs lowered IOP effectively but bimatoprost showed a greater reduction in the mean IOP than did travoprost at 12 weeks and both are safe for ocular use. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):75-80 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7831
Post LASIK progressive astigmatism in a child with partially accommodative esotropia
Authors: Suma G , Mathur U , Sethi S , Arora P , Garg J
Published: March 2013

Introduction: Refractive surgery is considered a safe and effective method for correction of refractive errors in adults. Objective: To report an unusual case of a young child with partially accommodative esotropia presenting with deterioration of vision and worsening of esotropia following refractive surgery. Case report: Unanticipated and progressive irregular corneal astigmatism along with deterioration of visual acuity and loss of stereopsis developed post- LASIK in a seven-year-old Indian child with partially accommodative esotropia. Conclusion: Keratorefractive surgery in young children has to be undertaken with caution, especially in such cases where there is no medical indication for refractive surgery and waiting beyond teenage years is a viable option. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):109-113 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7836
Subfoveal triamcinolone acetonide following macular hole surgery
Authors: Jindal A , Bhawdekar A , Pathengay A
Published: March 2013

Background: Triamcinolone acetonide (TA) is commonly used in vitreous surgery to visualize the posterior hyaloid and internal limiting membrane. Some TA can accumulate in the macular hole during surgery which can persist postoperatively. Case: A 17-year-old boy underwent successful macular hole surgery with TA-assisted induction of posterior vitreous detachment. Sub-foveal deposit of TA was observed postoperatively, which got absorbed at 7 weeks with complete closure of the macular hole, and best corrected visual acuity improved from 20/100 preoperatively to 20/60. Conclusion: Residual TA after macular hole surgery may not hamper the anatomical and functional outcome. Similar cases have been reported in the literature and most of them show no harmful effect of TA on macular hole closure and visual recovery. Nepal J Ophthalmol 2013; 5(9):114-116 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nepjoph.v5i1.7837
Exploring Hotspots of Drug Offences in Toronto: A Comparison of Four Local Spatial Cluster Detection Methods
Authors: Quick Matthew , Law Jane
Published: March 2013

Spatial cluster detection is an exploratory spatial data analysis technique that identifies areas or groups of areas with disproportionately high risk. Several local cluster detection methods have been developed; yet no research has critiqued these methods as they contribute to spatial studies of crime. This study aims to identify the locations of drug offence hotspots in Toronto and compare the clusters detected through four methods: (1) spatial scan statistic – Euclidean distance, (2) spatial scan statistic – non-Euclidean contiguity, (3) flexibly shaped scan statistic, and (4) local Moran's I. It was found that all methods detected clusters in the downtown, with fewer methods detecting clusters in the west and east of Toronto. It was observed that the spatial scan statistic detected the largest and most circular clusters, making it a suitable tool to inform general policing initiatives and highlight possible variables to be included in confirmatory research. The local Moran's I method, in contrast, found the smallest and most compact clusters, indicating that it is an appropriate test for identifying areas where resource intensive crime prevention and policing efforts should be targeted.
Mandatory Retirement and the Employment Rights of Elderly Canadian Immigrants
Authors: Grant Hugh , Townsend James
Published: March 2013

Dans cet article, nous nous demandons si les immigrants sont particulièrement vulnérables à des lois touchant la retraite obligatoire (RO). Comme leur entrée sur le marché du travail canadien est relativement récente, plusieurs immigrants ont moins de temps pour épargner en vue de leur retraite s’ils sont obligés de cesser de travailler à un âge déterminé. Grâce aux données de l’Enquête sociale générale (cycle 21, 2007), nous évaluons dans quelle mesure la RO est une contrainte qui influence les décisions des Canadiens en matière de retraite. Nos résultats indiquent l’existence d’un « effet RO » significatif, particulièrement chez les immigrants les plus récents, qui sont plus susceptibles d’éprouver des difficultés financières au moment où ils sont obligés de prendre leur retraite. Par conséquent, on peut prévoir que les lois récentes qui restreignent la pratique de la RO contribueront à améliorer la santé financière de nombreux travailleurs âgés.
Government Revenue Stabilization Funds: Do They Make Us Better Off?
Authors: Landon Stuart , Smith Constance
Published: March 2013

Les recettes que le gouvernement de l’Alberta tire de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles sont très instables, et l’ajustement des dépenses du gouvernement aux variations des revenus implique des coûts sociaux et économiques. Dans cet article, nous montrons, grâce à des simulations, que, si le gouvernement albertain avait créé au début des années 1970 un fonds de stabilisation fondé sur des règles, cela aurait permis de réduire l’instabilité et d’augmenter le bien-être. Tous les types de fonds ne permettent pas d’augmenter le bien-être. Le plus performant est celui où 50 % des recettes de l’exploitation des ressources naturelles sont déposées et dont 25 % des actifs sont retirés chaque année. Par contre, les fonds où sont accumulés de très grandes quantités d’actifs et ceux qui fondent les dépenses sur la simple moyenne mobile des recettes passées entraînent un bien-être inférieur.
A standard tag set expounding traditional morphological features for Arabic language part-of-speech tagging
Authors: Sawalha Majdi , Atwell Eric
Published: March 2013

The SALMA Morphological Features Tag Set (SALMA, Sawalha Atwell Leeds Morphological Analysis tag set for Arabic) captures long-established traditional morphological features of grammar and Arabic, in a compact yet transparent notation. First, we introduce Part-of-Speech tagging and tag set standards for English and other European languages, and then survey Arabic Part-of-Speech taggers and corpora, and long-established Arabic traditions in analysis of morphology. A range of existing Arabic Part-of-Speech tag sets are illustrated and compared; and we review generic design criteria for corpus tag sets. For a morphologically-rich language like Arabic, the Part-of-Speech tag set should be defined in terms of morphological features characterizing word structure. We describe the SALMA Tag Set in detail, explaining and illustrating each feature and possible values. In our analysis, a tag consists of 22 characters; each position represents a feature and the letter at that location represents a value or attribute of the morphological feature; the dash ‘-’ represents a feature not relevant to a given word. The first character shows the main Parts of Speech, from: noun, verb, particle, punctuation, and Other (residual); these last two are an extension to the traditional three classes to handle modern texts. ‘Noun’ in Arabic subsumes what are traditionally referred to in English as ‘noun’ and ‘adjective’. The characters 2, 3, and 4 are used to represent subcategories; traditional Arabic grammar recognizes 34 subclasses of noun (letter 2), 3 subclasses of verb (letter 3), 21 subclasses of particle (letter 4). Others (residuals) and punctuation marks are represented in letters 5 and 6 respectively. The next letters represent traditional morphological features: gender (7), number (8), person (9), inflectional morphology (10) case or mood (11), case and mood marks (12), definiteness (13), voice (14), emphasized and non-emphasized (15), transitivity (16), rational (17), declension and conjugation (18). Finally there are four characters representing morphological information which is useful in Arabic text analysis, although not all linguists would count these as traditional features: unaugmented and augmented (19), number of root letters (20), verb root (21), types of nouns according to their final letters (22). The SALMA Tag Set is not tied to a specific tagging algorithm or theory, and other tag sets could be mapped onto this standard, to simplify and promote comparisons between and reuse of Arabic taggers and tagged corpora.
Composition, Diversity, and Stability of Microbial Assemblages in Seasonal Lake Ice, Miquelon Lake, Central Alberta
Authors: Bramucci Anna , Han Sukkyun , Beckers Justin , Haas Christian , Lanoil Brian
Published: March 2013

The most familiar icy environments, seasonal lake and stream ice, have received little microbiological study. Bacteria and Eukarya dominated the microbial assemblage within the seasonal ice of Miquelon Lake, a shallow saline lake in Alberta, Canada. The bacterial assemblages were moderately diverse and did not vary with either ice depth or time. The closest relatives of the bacterial sequences from the ice included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Proteobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Cyanobacteria. The eukaryotic assemblages were less conserved and had very low diversity. Green algae relatives dominated the eukaryotic gene sequences; however, a copepod and cercozoan were also identified, possibly indicating the presence of complete microbial loop. The persistence of a chlorophyll a peak at 25–30 cm below the ice surface, despite ice migration and brine flushing, indicated possible biological activity within the ice. This is the first study of the composition, diversity, and stability of seasonal lake ice.
Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography with Laser-Induced Fluorescence Detection for Separation of Red and Yellow Historical Dyes
Authors: Ahmadi Shokoufeh , Craig Douglas , Goltz Douglas
Published: March 2013

In this study, the separation parameters in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC)-laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) were optimized for the separation of red and yellow historical dyes in 20 mM borate buffer with 20 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). Separation conditions were optimized by changing pH, organic modifier (methanol and acetonitrile) concentrations and applied voltage. The mixtures of dyes used in this study included four anthraquinone dyes (alizarin, purpurin, emodin and carmine) and six flavonoid dyes (luteolin, apigenin, kaempferol, quercetin, morin and myricetin). For this work, dyes were introduced electro-kinetically (10 kV for 5 s) into a 50 cm capillary (10 µm id) and separated using a running potential of 18, 20, 22 and 25 kV. Absolute limits of detection for most of these dyes was less than 1 pg. For dyes such as alizarin, improved detection limits were achieved at pH = 9.24; however dyes such as purpurin had significantly improved detection limits at pH = 8.0. The successful extraction and identification of a number of dyes in plants and textiles samples is also described.
Melatonin and Pancreatic Islets: Interrelationships between Melatonin, Insulin and Glucagon
Authors: Peschke Elmar , Bähr Ina , Mühlbauer Eckhard
Published: March 2013

The pineal hormone melatonin exerts its influence in the periphery through activation of two specific trans-membrane receptors: MT1 and MT2. Both isoforms are expressed in the islet of Langerhans and are involved in the modulation of insulin secretion from β-cells and in glucagon secretion from α-cells. De-synchrony of receptor signaling may lead to the development of type 2 diabetes. This notion has recently been supported by genome-wide association studies identifying particularly the MT2 as a risk factor for this rapidly spreading metabolic disturbance. Since melatonin is secreted in a clearly diurnal fashion, it is safe to assume that it also has a diurnal impact on the blood-glucose-regulating function of the islet. This factor has hitherto been underestimated; the disruption of diurnal signaling within the islet may be one of the most important mechanisms leading to metabolic disturbances. The study of melatonin–insulin interactions in diabetic rat models has revealed an inverse relationship: an increase in melatonin levels leads to a down-regulation of insulin secretion and vice versa. Elucidation of the possible inverse interrelationship in man may open new avenues in the therapy of diabetes.
A New Open Access Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Authors: Clare Anthony
Published: March 2013

The oceans cover approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface and contain more than 97% of the planet’s water, representing over 100 times more liveable volume than the terrestrial habitat. Approximately fifty percent of the species on the planet occupy this ocean biome, much of which remains unexplored. The health and sustainability of the oceans are threatened by a combination of pressures associated with climate change and the ever-increasing demands we place on them for food, recreation, trade, energy and minerals. The biggest threat, however, is the pace of change to the oceans, e.g., ocean acidification, which is unprecedented in human history. Consequently, there has never been a greater need for the rapid and widespread dissemination of the outcomes of research aimed at improving our understanding of how the oceans work and solutions to their sustainable use. It is our hope that this new online, open-access Journal of Marine Science and Engineering will go some way to fulfilling this need. [...]
Photomechanical Bending of Azobenzene-Based Photochromic Molecular Fibers
Authors: Nakano Hideyuki , Ichikawa Ryoji , Matsui Riku
Published: March 2013

Microfibers composed of azobenzene-based photochromic amorphous molecular materials, namely low molecular-mass photochromic materials with a glass-forming property, could be fabricated. These fibers were found to exhibit mechanical bending motion upon irradiation with a laser beam. In addition, the bending direction could be controlled by altering the polarization direction of the irradiated light without changing the position of the light source or the wavelength of the light. In-situ fluorescence observation of mass transport induced at the surface of the fiber doped with CdSe quantum dots suggested that the bending motions were related with the photoinduced mass transport taking place near the irradiated surface of the fiber.
Microsatellite Markers of Willow Species and Characterization of 11 Polymorphic Microsatellites for Salix eriocephala (Salicaceae), a Potential Native Species for Biomass Production in Canada
Authors: Lauron-Moreau Aurélien , Pitre Frédéric , Brouillet Luc , Labrecque Michel
Published: March 2013

Biomass produced from dedicated plantations constitutes a source of renewable energy and is expected to play an important role in several countries in the coming decades. The cultivation of woody crops such as willows therefore raises several environmental issues. In North America, several native willows are potentially interesting for biomass producers. Willow trees are diverse but few species used for environmental applications have been the object of molecular genetic studies. Based on the sequenced poplar genome, 24 microsatellite markers were assayed on five native North American willow species: Salix amygdaloides, S. discolor, S. eriocephala, S. interior and S. nigra. Polymorphic microsatellite markers were used to characterize the allele data on the shrub Salix eriocephala, a North American species with economic potential. Eleven markers amplified and confirmed the potential of this species. Analysis of samples from six populations in eastern Canada showed that all markers were variable as well as polymorphic in at least one population. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 1 to 9 (mean 2.95) and showed that these microsatellite markers can be used to assess genetic diversity of North American willow species.
18F-FDG PET/CT findings in patients with Kikuchi disease
Authors: Chun K. , Hong Y. , Hah J. , Cho I. , Kong E.
Published: March 2013

Purpose: Kikuchi disease (KD) is a benign and self-limited syndrome characterized by cervical lymphadenopathy. This study evaluated 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/ computed tomography (FDG PET/ CT) findings in patients with KD and analyzed their imaging features. Patients, material, methods: We evaluated the FDG PET/CT findings of 22 patients (14 men, 8 women) with KD, ranging in age from 9 to 73 years. All patients had been diagnosed based on the pathological findings of biopsy. We examined the locations, metabolic activity and size of hypermetabolic lymph nodes (LNs) on FDG PET/CT imaging with medical history including laboratory results. Results: Among the 22 patients, we identified 619 hypermetabolic LNs which had maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax) above 3.0. The 16 patients were studied with FDG PET/CT to identify the cause of fever, another 5 patients for their neck masses, and the remaining patient for his left inguinal mass. Hypermetabolic LNs were noted in neck (18 bilaterally, 2 right, 1 left) of 21 patients, axilla of 10, mediastinum of 9, abdomen of 17, pelvis of 6, and inguinal area of 3. The SUVmax of FDG uptake in affected LNs by patient base analysis were 6.2–29.4. Of the 619 hypermetabolic LNs identified, 440 LNs (71.1%) were less than 10 mm in their short axis determined by CT, and were occasionally aggregated. No patient showed solid organ hypermetabolic lesion in FDG PET/CT. Conclusion: Kikuchi disease could present multiple hypermetabolic LNs in body on FDG PET/CT. Based on the physical findings, consideration of the generalized distribution of the relatively small-sized hypermetabolic LNs, FDG PET/CT may be useful as a diagnostic tool in cases of Kikuchi disease.
Comment l'assistance chasse l'État social
Authors: Duvoux Nicolas
Published: March 2013

La protection sociale, telle qu’elle s’était progressivement édifiée tout au long du XX e siècle en France, est progressivement réduite et remplacée par une logique d’assistance. Loin de se réduire à une simple question d’arbitrages budgétaires, ce ciblage des prestations sur les plus « vulnérables » alimente non seulement la stigmatisation de ses bénéficiaires, mais aussi la montée d’un ressentiment plus général au sein de la population, non dénué d’implications politiques.
Individus, risques et supports collectifs
Authors: Castel Robert
Published: March 2013

Pauvreté, exclusion, précarité : autant de mots qui se sont installés dans notre vocabulaire quotidien, en même temps que les phénomènes qu’ils entendent désigner. Pour autant, le flou qui les entoure contribue à entretenir certains amalgames et idées fausses qui entravent toute volonté d’enrayer la « montée des incertitudes » à l’œuvre. C’est sur ce processus que revient ici Robert Castel, et plus largement sur son parcours de recherche, dans un entretien qu’il a gentiment accepté de nous accorder au mois de mai dernier.
Un premier bilan de l'accompagnement personnalisé
Authors: Beaupied Annabel , Houard Peggy
Published: March 2013

En tant que professeurs en charge de l’accompagnement personnalisé, cet article écrit à quatre mains est l’occasion, après deux années de mise en œuvre, de faire le point sur nos pratiques et surtout d’envisager de quelle manière il serait intéressant de concevoir par la suite l’accompagnement personnalisé, en particulier pour le cycle terminal. C’est ainsi un retour sur nos expériences avec les élèves dans le cadre d’un travail transdisciplinaire que nous vous proposons.
Le déclassement social
Authors: Morin Sylvain
Published: March 2013

La notion de déclassement apparaît dans le nouveau programme de terminale ES au sein du thème de sociologie « 1.2 Comment rendre compte de la mobilité sociale ? ». Au-delà des enjeux politiques majeurs qu’il cristallise (inégalités entre générations, méritocratie scolaire...), le déclassement social est depuis quelques années l’objet d’intenses débats entre sociologues. Pour certains chercheurs, notamment Camille Peugny et Louis Chauvel, le déclassement social est une réalité statistique nouvelle affectant une part croissante des jeunes générations. D’autres sociologues et économistes, tel Eric Maurin, considèrent au contraire qu’il convient de nuancer l’effectivité du déclassement social et de porter le regard sur la peur suscitée par ce dernier. Ce dossier documentaire se propose d’explorer quelques-unes des problématiques traversant ce débat.
L'éthique des SES et l'esprit démocratique : jalons pour une refonte
Authors: Mas Jean-Yves
Published: March 2013

Alors que les nouveaux programmes de SES en terminale sont entrés en vigueur cette année et que de nombreux enseignants en dénoncent la lourdeur et l’encyclopédisme, nous aimerions poser quelques jalons en vue de leur éventuelle refonte. Cette refonte doit, selon nous, permettre de réactiver l’esprit du projet fondateur de l’enseignement de SES mais nécessite une réflexion sur les finalités éthiques de celui-ci. En effet, beaucoup d’argumentaires hostiles aux nouveaux programmes accusent ces derniers de ne plus permettre la formation des citoyens et de l’esprit critique. Nous partageons ce diagnostic mais nous pensons qu’une réflexion doit s’amorcer afin de préciser en quoi notre enseignement se veut « émancipateur et citoyen ». Ni catalogue de savoirs désincarnés, ni catéchisme moral, l’enseignement des SES est porteur d’un projet à la fois éthique et épistémique et c’est dans l’articulation de ces deux projets que se fonde son identité. Le texte qui suit entend justement contribuer à l’exposition de cette articulation. Il s’agit de partir des savoirs disciplinaires qu’entendent mobiliser les SES dans leur démarche didactique, afin de montrer en quoi ces savoirs questionnent les principes mêmes de nos sociétés démocratiques. Chaque champ disciplinaire mobilisé par l’enseignement des SES tente de répondre à une question fondatrice, question que nous entendons mettre en perspective avec les valeurs propres au projet démocratique. En cela nous voulons montrer la façon dont l’enseignement des SES contribue, non seulement à la formation du citoyen et de l’esprit critique, mais, de façon plus large, à la formation du « sujet démocratique ».
Les élections israéliennes de 2013 ou la découverte du centre
Authors: Klein Claude
Published: March 2013

Les élections israéliennes de janvier 2013 se sont traduites par un recul de la droite, un échec de la gauche et une percée spectaculaire du centre. Ce scrutin illustre la profondeur de certains clivages qui traversent la société israélienne. L’opposition entre laïques et religieux se fait particulièrement sentir sur la question du service militaire, dont sont exemptés les Juifs orthodoxes. La question palestinienne n’a quant à elle joué qu’un rôle marginal dans la campagne électorale. politique étrangère
Le Pakistan et l'Afghanistan : paradoxes d'une stratégie
Authors: Schu Adrien
Published: March 2013

Le Pakistan soutient des groupes insurgés en Afghanistan pour rompre les liens entre New Dehli et Kaboul et pour s’assurer d’une profondeur stratégique dans un éventuel conflit avec l’Inde. Pour ce faire, Islamabad accepte une certaine porosité de sa frontière afghane et prend ainsi le risque de réévaluer la contestation de la ligne Durand : Kaboul l’a en effet toujours dénoncée comme un héritage de la colonisation, alors que les Talibans, pour leur part, ont toujours refusé de la légitimer. politique étrangère
Un parcours de subjectification. Bel et bien : du redoublement de la manière au renforcement de l'assertion
Authors: Larrivée Pierre , Moline Estelle
Published: March 2013

En français contemporain, l’adverbe de phrase bien participe à l’expression de valeurs modales mal définies. Cet article contribue à leur caractérisation, en analysant la locution adverbiale bel et bien , de sens proche, mais qui manifeste exclusivement une valeur de ‘confirmation’. Cette valeur est le produit d’un parcours de subjectification, qui conduit de la coordination de deux adverbes de manière en ancien et en moyen français à la constitution d’une expression figée en français moderne. La comparaison de bien et de bel et bien en français contemporain montre que la valeur confirmative doit être mise en relation avec un énonciateur qui se porte garant du contenu propositionnel, sans que celui-ci soit nécessairement vrai, dans la mesure où bel et bien peut apparaître dans des énoncés au conditionnel ( Elle pourrait bel et bien refuser ). Par conséquent, la notion de ‘verum focus’ généralement utilisée pour décrire ce type de phénomène semble inadéquate. Cette étude suggère également quelques pistes pour une compréhension plus fine de la sémantique des particules modales.
Pouvoir bien
Authors: Barbet Cécile
Published: March 2013

Le verbe modal pouvoir se rencontre souvent accompagné de l’adverbe bien (cf. par ex. La clé peut bien s’être cassée net dans la serrure ). Les études portant sur les modaux comme sur l’adverbe sont nombreuses mais peu ont abordé la question problématique de l’emploi de l’adverbe avec les verbes modaux. Si dans les interrogatives avec pouvoir bien ( Qu’est-ce que ça peut bien faire ? par ex.), il semble que l’on soit en présence de l’adverbe de phrase, dans tous les autres emplois de pouvoir bien , l’adverbe n’est réductible ni à l’adverbe de phrase ni à l’adverbe de constituant. Il partage dans ce cas avec l’un et l’autre des caractéristiques qui sont contradictoires : il est gradable mais n’est pas inclus dans la portée de la négation par exemple. Nous concluons que dans l’état actuel des recherches, il faut accepter la catégorie spécifique d’adverbe de prédicat modalisant proposée par Martin (1990) pour rendre compte de l’emploi de bien avec le verbe modal pouvoir .
Ben en tant que collocatif discursif
Authors: Dostie Gaétane
Published: March 2013

Cet article porte sur un aspect ciblé, ignoré à ce jour, du comportement de ben  : il s’agit de sa propension marquée à apparaître, dans les conversations informelles, associé à une autre unité de sa catégorie (nommément, la catégorie des marqueurs discursifs). L’attention est centrée sur les cas de semi-figement, c’est-à-dire sur les cas où ben , qui a le statut de collocatif discursif, se trouve sélectionné par un marqueur-tête, comme oui , non , regarde et écoute . On met en relief le fait que ben a le statut de collocatif discursif dans deux contextes ciblés : l’un où il apparaît antéposé à son marqueur-tête (cf. ben 1 , sélectionné à titre d’exemple par oui ) et, l’autre, où il lui est postposé (cf. ben 2 sélectionné notamment par écoute ). Les sens exprimés par ben 1 et ben 2 sont décrits et le lien sémantique qui les unit est mis en évidence : ils renvoient, tous deux, à ce qui est pleinement assumé par le locuteur. Voilà pourquoi ils viennent appuyer (ou insister) sur les sens transmis par les marqueurs-têtes auxquels ils sont joints. Enfin, on montre que ben 1 et ben 2 , sont également directement liés à certains sens non collocatifs du marqueur considéré. Ainsi, la problématique de la collocation discursive croise celle de la polysémie.
Cycle biologique deParlatoria oleae(Hemiptera : Diaspididae) inféodée aux oliveraies dans une région aride
Authors: Chafaa Smail , Biche Mohamed , Chenchouni Haroun , Sellami Mahdi , Sibachir Abdelkrim
Published: March 2013

Cette étude a été menée dans un verger d'olivierOlea europaea(Linnaeus) (Oleaceae), dans la région semi-aride d'Ain Touta (Batna, Nord-est Algérie) au cours de la période allant de janvier 2009 à décembre 2010. Le suivi démo-écologique régulier de la cochenille violette de l'olivierParlatoria oleae(Colvée) (Hemiptera : Diaspididae) a montré que l'espèce évolue en deux générations annuelles : une génération printanière et l'autre automnale. Contrairement à d'autres régions du monde, la ponte est plus tardive avec une durée plus étalée à Ain Touta. Les pontes moyennes variaient de 10,05 ± 1,96 à 10,47 ± 1,15 œufs/femelle pour la première génération et de 9,9 ± 1,69 à 9,16 ± 2,05 pour la deuxième génération. Ces valeurs sont faibles comparées aux moyennes notées dans d'autres régions. L'analyse statistique a montré une variation significative des effectifs de tous les stades entre les mois, mais seulement des effectifs des L2 et des femelles adultes entre les années. Ceci serait en relation avec le phénomène d'hivernation noté pour les stades L2 et les femelles adultes avec des périodes d’étalement différentes d'une année à une autre. Entre les générations, la variation des effectifs était significative chez les pro-nymphes et nymphes ainsi que chez les mâles adultes.
Early Christian spirituality according to the First Epistle of John: The identification of different ‘lived experiences’
Authors: Van der Merwe Dirk G.
Published: March 2013

The interest in this article is early Christian spirituality. The word ‘spirituality’ is used here denoting ‘a lived experience’. Therefore, the article focuses on religious experience in an early Christian community as explicated in the first chapter of the First Epistle of John. Three different lived experiences are denoted here, culminating in the last one: ‘having fellowship with the divine’. The first two experiences (experience through physical senses, experience through spiritual senses) pave the way to establish fellowship with the divine. For the author of 1 John, the purpose (ἵνα) of these lived experiences is to have (ἵνα) complete joy, another form of experience. These three lived experiences express three different configurations of spirituality.
Ripple Effects
Authors: Birkenholz Robert J.
Published: March 2013

Dr. Robert J. Birkenholz is a Professor of Agricultural and Extension Education in the Department of Agricultural Communication, Education, and Leadership (ACEL) at The Ohio State University. In 2002, he was appointed Chair of the department and served in that administrative role for two terms. In 2009, Dr. Birkenholz returned to a full-time faculty position in the department where he helped guide the creation of the undergraduate, interdisciplinary minor in Leadership Studies. Dr. Birkenholz has coauthored one book and one book chapter, 41 peer reviewed journal articles, 53 refereed research papers, and numerous other scholarly publications. He has taught a variety of courses in Agricultural Education and Leadership at the undergraduate and graduate levels. He has advised 59 Master’s and 23 doctoral degree graduates. Dr. Birkenholz served as President of the American Association for Agricultural Education (AAAE) and was inducted as an AAAE Fellow in 1998. He received the AAAE North Central Region Outstanding Agricultural Educator award in 2011. He has presented lectures on studentcentered learning and leading change at the four state agricultural universities in India. He was recognized in 2008 as a Fellow in the Kellogg Food Systems Leadership Institute.
Competencies and Experiences Needed by Pre–service Agricultural Educators to Teach Globalized Curricula: A Modified Delphi Study
Authors: Conner Nathan , Roberts T. Grady
Published: March 2013

The 21st century graduate must be able to interact with people from all over the world and must also be knowledgeable about the world (Longview Foundation, 2008). In order to produce graduates that are globally competent, The National Council for the Accreditation of Teachers (NCATE, 1982) has mandated that multi–cultural education be incorporated as part of the teacher–preparation curricula. The purpose of this study was to identify competencies and experiences needed by agricultural pre–service teachers in order to teach globalized curricula. A modified Delphi method was used and the panel consisted of 13 (n = 13) experts in the field of agricultural teacher education with additional experience in international agricultural education or extension. Twenty competencies and two experiences were identified for pre–service agricultural educators to teach globalized curricula at the high school level.
Evaluating the Effectiveness of Traditional Training Methods in Non-Traditional Training Programs for Adult Learners through a Pre-test/Post-test Comparison of Food Safety Knowledge
Authors: Dodd Caleb D. , Burris Scott , Fraze Steve , Doerfert David , McCulloch Abigail
Published: March 2013

The incorporation of hot and cold food bars into grocery stores in an effort to capture a portion of the home meal replacement industry is presenting new challenges for retail food establishments. To ensure retail success and customer safety, employees need to be educated in food safety practices. Traditional methods of training are not meeting the needs of the retail food industry. Although many food safety training programs exist, few meet the educational needs of hot and cold food bar employees. In an effort to determine the effectiveness of traditional training methods for employees, a quasi-experimental study was performed. Data was collected from three separate chains within the retail food industry from six geographical locations. The pre-post assessment study utilized an interventional training and included collecting questionnaires from 300 employees. Findings of the study described characteristics of employees within each chain individually and collectively. Food safety knowledge was assessed by comparing pre-training and post-training assessments for managerial and non-managerial employees. The most important finding for this study was determining the change in essential food safety knowledge of employees after traditional food safety training was conducted for managerial employees within the treatment stores and comparing that change to the change that occurred in the control groups.