bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Narrative, Authority, and Blame
Authors: Carey Chris
Published: March 2018

In a world where song had an embedded social position, poetry had a vital role to play in constructing and confirming or destabilizing and destroying reputation and social standing. Though Pindar, for his own programmatic reasons, chooses to see poetry of praise and blame (reified for him in its most famous exponent, Archilochos) as fundamentally opposed (Pythian 2.54–6), they share certain needs. My interest here is poetry of blame. To express hostility at the most basic level, all that is needed is the terminology of personal abuse, an approach in which Alkaios is particularly inventive. The problem is that abuse is ultimately limited both aesthetically and in terms of impact. It can briefly unite speaker and audience at the expense of the person or group held up to ridicule. But it neither engages the imagination nor reaches out beyond the already committed. To be effective, blame, like praise, needs to speak from a position of authority if it is to achieve its pragmatic goal. This article looks at one means of generating authority, narrative. It looks at the construction of characters and events in straight storytelling and the use of paradigmatic narratives of the physical and animal worlds and examines the way in which archaic blame poetry uses these to construct a social, moral, natural, and religious order as a means of positioning speaker, audience, and target. This construction of authority is important for the vertical as well as the horizontal positioning of poetry of blame, in that it eases the movement of poetry and poetic reputation into the Panhellenic mainstream.
Thinking with Brothers in Sappho and Beyond
Authors: Swift Laura
Published: March 2018

The recent publication of the “Brothers Poem” (P. Sapph. Obbink 1–20) reminds us that Sappho is more than a love poet. The stories of Sappho’s two brothers, Charaxus and Larichus, were well known in antiquity and are attested in a number of sources. Several accounts imply that Sappho’s brothers were mentioned repeatedly in her poetry, a claim that appears to be supported by fr. 15, which may represent a separate poem about Charaxus. Unlike the ancients, we modern scholars need not assume that these “biographical” snippets reflect a poet’s lived experience, and rather than simply claiming that Sappho had two brothers, we must consider the reasons for this focus on brotherhood and sibling relationships in her work. This article discusses the role of brotherly relationships in archaic poetry and the use of the brother to shed light on moral issues. It considers famous brother-pairs such as Hector and Paris and Agamemnon and Menelaus in the Iliad, and Hesiod and Perses in Works and Days. It argues that brothers are characteristically used to explore ideas to do with preserving the oikos and familial duty and shows how Charaxus and Larichus fit into this pattern. It further suggests that Sappho adapts this trope by creating a sibling triangle, rather than the traditional pairing of two brothers. By including herself (and possibly also her mother) in this scenario, she explores domestic morality from a different, female-oriented perspective, showing the responsibilities that men bear toward their female dependents.
Natural circulation in a rectangular loop with vertical heater below vertical cooler
Authors: Raveesh G. , Bodkha K. , Pilkhwal D. S. , Anirudhan P. , Vijayan P. K.
Published: March 2018

Many upcoming new generation reactors employ natural circulation for heat transfer in normal mode of operation. Natural circulation systems are simpler and safer than their forced circulation counterparts. However, these systems are prone to flow instability which are undesirable due to several reasons. In the present work, a rectangular glass loop, wherein cooler is just above the heater, has been considered for experimental and numerical investigation at atmospheric pressure. Heat addition from room conditions has been studied to understand the natural circulation loop dynamics, checking the possibility of occurrence of instability with the new orientation of the heater and the cooler. Experiments were performed at different power levels and coolant flow rates. CFD analyses were performed for all the cases investigated experimentally using the commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT 14.0. No instability was observed during the experiments and none during the simulations done for the duration of the experiments.
Investigation of the excitation functions for the (n, 2n) reactions on the structural fusion material 58,60 – 62,64Ni
Authors: Baldık R. , Yilmaz A.
Published: March 2018

The theoretical prediction of the cross-sections in the determination of the structure materials used in the fission and fusion technology is very important in terms of reactor safety. Also, theoretical cross-sections are necessary to evaluate the performance of structure materials, especially, in the lack or absence of experimental data. Nickel base alloys are one of the wide ranges of structural materials used in fission and fusion reactors. Therefore, the excitation functions of the (n, 2n) reactions on the structure material nickel with neutrons producing via fusion reactions are investigated in this study. Thus, the excitation functions for 58,60 – 62,64Ni(n, 2n) reactions are calculated using some pre-equilibrium models which are the hybrid, the geometry depended hybrid and the two-component excitation models. The calculations are performed in the ALICE/ASH and the Talys 1.8 codes. Also, the equilibrium and pre-equilibrium effects on these reactions are investigated in this study. The obtained cross-sections are discussed and compared with the experimental data and the theoretical predicted data.
Severe shot peening of AISI 321 with 1 000 % and 1 300 % coverages: A comparative study on the surface nanocrystallization, phase transformation, sub-surface microcracks, and microhardness
Authors: Pour-Ali Sadegh , Kiani-Rashid Ali-Reza , Babakhani Abolfazl , Virtanen Sannakaisa
Published: March 2018

In this study, AISI 321 austenitic stainless steel samples were surface treated using severe shot peening (SSP) with 1 000 % and 1 300 % coverages. Microstructural features including the grain size, phase transformation, and formation of sub-surface microcracks were investigated at the rough top surface and about 40 μm depth (top surface after grinding and removal of initial rough surface layer created by SSP). In addition, microhardness variations were thoroughly analyzed in-depth. Experimental results demonstrated that for both 1 000 % and 1 300 % coverages, the microstructures of top surface and 40 μm depth are respectively composed of equiaxed nano-grains and lamella-shaped cells; however, enhanced imparted strain in the case of 1 300 % coverage leads to the formation of considerable amounts of strain-induced martensite (α′) phase in the surface layers and consequently, due to strength increase and lack of deformability, some microcracks are created in the sub-surface layers (up to 20 μm depth).
Assessment of Thyroid Function in Early Pregnancy
Authors: Rahman Mohammad Saifur , Sultana Sadia , Nazneen Ayesha
Published: March 2018

Objectives:  Thyroid disorders are commonly observed in pregnancy. Thyroid hormones play an important role in embryogenesis and fetal development. The fetus is completely dependent on the mother for thyroid hormone in first trimester. About 10% of all pregnant women can be affected by thyroid disorders during pregnancy. Thyroid function abnormalities in pregnancy are a challenge for the concerned physicians.  The objective of this study was to assess the maternal thyroid function in first trimester of pregnancy.

Patients and Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was carried out at the Combined Military Hospital (CMH), Dhaka over a period of one year from January 2013 to December 2013 to see the serum FT3, FT4, TSH, thyroid antibodies level and common thyroid disorders in pregnancy. A total of 138 pregnant women in their first trimester (up to 12 weeks) of pregnancy with an age range of 18-35 years were enrolled in this study. Pregnant women with known thyroid disorder and on treatment and pregnancy more than three months were excluded. Measurement of serum FT3, FT4, TSH, Anti TPO-Ab and Anti TG-Ab were done in each patient at the time of enrolment. Ultrasonography of each patient was done for confirmation of pregnancy and correlation of gestational age.

Results:  Among 138 pregnant women, subclinical hypothyroidism was detected in 10 (7.2%) patients and subclinical hyperthyroidism was detected in 3 (2.2%) patients. Mean difference of the investigation findings were not statistically significant among primi and multi gravida. TPO-Ab and TG-Ab difference were statistically significant between two age groups.

Conclusion: Subclinical thyroid disorders are fairly high among pregnant women. Correct diagnosis in early pregnancy and prompt treatment will bring an excellent prognosis for both mother and offspring.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 98-102, July 2016
Role of Bone Scintigraphy in Modification and Finalization of the Pathological Staging of Carcinoma of Breast
Authors: Farhana Sharmin , Hussain Raihan , Mutsuddy Pupree , Ferdous Jesmin , Begum Shamim MF
Published: March 2018

Objectives: The prognosis and treatment planning of carcinoma depends upon the stage of the disease. The presence of bone metastasis affects a patient’s prognosis and further treatment planning. The purpose of this study was whether bone scintigraphy by detecting skeletal metastasis can help in patient management by modification of initial pathological staging.

Patients and Methods: A total of 110 patients of breast carcinoma who were referred for the early bone scintigraphy after the surgical procedure were included in this study. Bone scintigraphy was done 3 hours after 15 m Ci Tc-99m methylelene diphosphonate (MDP) intravenous injection. Images were acquired in Siemens E-cam dual head camera. Chi-Square test was used to analyze the variables

Results: Out of the total 110 patients with breast carcinoma referred to the institute after initial pathological staging nearly one third i.e. 31 (28.2%) patients had skeletal metastasis. In this study it was revealed that tumour size and nodal involvement correlated well with metastasis to bone. Skeletal metastasis was significantly (p<0.05) higher in tumour size belonged to >3.0 – ≥5.0 cm and nodal involvement N2–N3(p<0.05).  Sixty eught of the patients were in pathological stage II, among them 22.1% of the patients had skeletal metastasis. Pathological stage III was observed in 33 cases, among them 48.5% patients had skeletal metastasis and as thus staging was modified by bone scintigraphy in 22.1% in stage II and 48.5% in stage III. Pathological stage I was in 9 cases among them no metastasis was observed.

Conclusion: Bone scintigraphy is a useful imaging modality in staging of breast carcinoma. It is recommended in patients with stage II and above and this can influence the clinical management.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 107-110, July 2016
Assessment of Agreement between Gated SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Imaging and Gated SPECT Blood Pool Imaging for Measurement of Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in Coronary Artery Disease
Authors: Sarker Azmal K , Hussain Raihan , Nasreen Faria , Nisa Lutfun , Hoq Monsurul , Nath Khokon K , Khatun Nurjahan , Islam Saiful , Alam Faridul
Published: March 2018

Objective: Quantitative assessment of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) from radionuclide cardiac imaging study has both diagnostic and prognostic value in coronary artery disease (CAD). Gated SPECT blood pool imaging (GSBPI) and gated SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging (GSMPI) are two technically comparable radionuclide methods for non-invasive measurement of LVEF. While the former is a gold standard the latter is popular as it provides a wider array of information. This study was carried out to bridge the lack in the existing body of evidence regarding assessment of agreement of between GSBPI and GSMPI for measurement of LVEF in CAD. The objective of this study is to validate the LVEF measurements from routine GSMPI as a valuable parameter for clinical decision making through assessment of agreement between GSMPI and GSBPI performed in a short interval, in same patient having CAD.

Patients and Methods: A total of 28 patients (three female) was observed with a mean age of 54.5 ± 8.5 years during February to May 2012. All patients underwent GSBPI and GSMPI with a gap of three to seven days in between. LVEF measured by GSBPI performed at rest was compared with LVEF measured in rest phase of one day stress-rest GSMPI. Agreement analysis was done with Bland Altman plot.

Results: Mean LVEF measurements show an apparent overall slight underestimation by GSBPI (54.8.9±25) in comparison to GSMPI (56.9±25). Bland Altman plots show that the differences between GSBPI and GSMPI for measurement of LVEF at rest in same patient fall within two SD of the mean difference. This finding remained similar while further categorization of study patients was done on basis of ranges of LVEF, end diastolic volume (EDV), end systolic volume (ESV), infarct size and regional wall motion abnormality (RWMA).

Conclusions: There was overall significant agreement between GSMPI and GSBPI for measurement of LVEF in CAD in this small study. This agreement remains significant irrespective of ranges of LVEF, EDV, ESV, infarct size and RWMA.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 128-134, July 2016
18F FDG PET-CT in the Diagnosis of Spinal Cord Involvement Secondary to Non Hodgkins Lymphoma– A Case Report
Authors: Begum Shamim MF , Begum Fatima , Hussain Raihan , Sarker Azmal Kabir , Hasan Mizanul
Published: March 2018

Spinal cord involvement secondary to non Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is rare and associated with quick development of neurological defects. The overall risk of central nervous system relapse in aggressive NHL ranges 2%–27% and is associated with a poor prognosis. Hence early detection is important for staging and prognostication. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is the routinely used potential imaging modality for spinal cord metastasis. Several studies have shown the values of 18F FDG (flurodeoxyglucose) PET- CT for staging, restaging, and therapy monitoring in NHL. PET has 96% sensitivity in the detection spinal metastasis. This reported case was a 35 years old male, diagnosed as peripheral T cell lymphoma on June 2014 and was treated with chemotherapy. In January 2016 he developed swelling of lower limbs and paraparesis with bladder and bowel involvement. Duplex color Doppler of lower limbs showed normal flow and Complement Fixation Test for filariasis was negative. MRI T2W showed hyper intensity signal extending from lower cervical to all dorsal cord. The 18F FDG PET-CT was performed to restage the disease and showed intense FDG uptake in the spinal cord, extended from the lower cervical to 11th thoracic and at the level of 3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae. The spinal cord hypermetabolism observed on PET CT scan correlated with MRI characteristics and significantly aided in the diagnosis of spinal cord involvement.    This case is reported to emphasize the usefulness 18F FDG PET-CT in restaging and follow-up of patients with NHL. PET-CT imaging can reliably identify hyper-metabolic central nervous system involvement and help not only to restage patients but also to guide new therapeutic strategies.

Bangladesh J. Nuclear Med. 19(2): 146-148, July 2016
Bioinspired self-healing materials: lessons from nature
Authors: Cremaldi Joseph C , Bhushan Bharat
Published: March 2018

Healing is an intrinsic ability in the incredibly biodiverse populations of the plant and animal kingdoms created through evolution. Plants and animals approach healing in similar ways but with unique pathways, such as damage containment in plants or clotting in animals. After analyzing the examples of healing and defense mechanisms found in living nature, eight prevalent mechanisms were identified: reversible muscle control, clotting, cellular response, layering, protective surfaces, vascular networks or capsules, exposure, and replenishable functional coatings. Then the relationship between these mechanisms, nature’s best (evolutionary) methods of mitigating and healing damage, and existing technology in self-healing materials are described. The goals of this top-level overview are to provide a framework for relating the behavior seen in living nature to bioinspired materials, act as a resource to addressing the limitations/problems with existing materials, and open up new avenues of insight and research into self-healing materials.
Identification of the first bacteriocin isolated in Lebanon extracted via a modified adsorption-desorption method and its potential food application
Authors: Al Kassaa Imad , ZAYLAA Mazen , Hussein Samah , El Omari Khaled , Chihib Nour-Eddin , Hamze Monzer , Yusef Hoda , Dabboussi Fouad
Published: March 2018

Introduction: The raw goat milk is considered as a good source of novel bacteriocinogenic lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains.

Method: The bacteriocin, which named enterocin CMUL20-2 was secreted by Enterococcus faecium CMUL20-2. This bacterial strain was originally isolated from raw goat’s milk, was extracted by using a modified adsorption-desorption method and purified via RP-HPLC. antimicrobial activity was tested against several pathogenic and spoilage microbes.

Results: The enterocin CMUL20-2 showed a strong adsorption on cell wall of producer strain even in acidic environment which facilitate its extraction in only two simple steps. The recovered purified enterocin has decreased procedure time and diminished the number of undesirable molecules present in Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) broth. The recovered enterocin showed antimicrobial activity against several foodborne pathogenic and spoilage microbes.

Conclusion:  The recovered enterocin was able to tolerate a variety of food chain conditions such as high temperature, pH and storage stability, and it can be a good candidate to protect food from spoilage microbes
Laboratory Simulations of Haze Formation in the Atmospheres of Super-Earths and Mini-Neptunes: Particle Color and Size Distribution
Authors: He Chao , Hörst Sarah M. , Lewis Nikole K. , Yu Xinting , Moses Julianne I. , Kempton Eliza M.-R. , McGuiggan Patricia , Morley Caroline V. , Valenti Jeff A. , Vuitton Véronique
Published: March 2018

Super-Earths and mini-Neptunes are the most abundant types of planets among the ∼3500 confirmed exoplanets, and are expected to exhibit a wide variety of atmospheric compositions. Recent transmission spectra of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes have demonstrated the possibility that exoplanets have haze/cloud layers at high altitudes in their atmospheres. However, the compositions, size distributions, and optical properties of these particles in exoplanet atmospheres are poorly understood. Here, we present the results of experimental laboratory investigations of photochemical haze formation within a range of planetary atmospheric conditions, as well as observations of the color and size of produced haze particles. We find that atmospheric temperature and metallicity strongly affect particle color and size, thus altering the particles’ optical properties (e.g., absorptivity, scattering, etc.); on a larger scale, this affects the atmospheric and surface temperature of the exoplanets, and their potential habitability. Our results provide constraints on haze formation and particle properties that can serve as critical inputs for exoplanet atmosphere modeling, and guide future observations of super-Earths and mini-Neptunes with the Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite, the James Webb Space Telescope, and the Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope.
ALMA Detections of CO Emission in the Most Luminous, Heavily Dust-obscured Quasars at z > 3
Authors: Fan 范 Lulu 璐璐 , Knudsen Kirsten K. , Fogasy Judit , Drouart Guillaume
Published: March 2018

We report the results of a pilot study of CO(4 − 3) emission line of three Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE)-selected hyper-luminous, dust-obscured quasars (QSOs) with sensitive ALMA Band 3 observations. These obscured QSOs with L
bol > 1014
L
⊙ are among the most luminous objects in the universe. All three QSO hosts are clearly detected both in continuum and in CO(4 − 3) emission line. Based on CO(4 − 3) emission line detection, we derive the molecular gas masses (∼1010−11
M
⊙), suggesting that these QSOs are gas-rich systems. We find that the obscured QSOs in our sample follow the similar

relation as unobscured QSOs at high redshifts. We also find the complex velocity structures of CO(4 − 3) emission line, which provide the possible evidence for a gas-rich merger in W0149+2350 and possible molecular outflow in W0220+0137 and W0410−0913. Massive molecular outflow can blow away the obscured interstellar medium and make obscured QSOs evolve toward the UV/optical bright, unobscured phase. Our result is consistent with the popular active galactic nucleus (AGN) feedback scenario involving the co-evolution between the supermassive black holes and host galaxy.
The leaf-mining genus Antispila Hübner, 1825 feeding on Vitaceae in Shandong Peninsula, China with one new species (Lepidoptera, Heliozelidae)
Authors: Wang Nan , Liu Tengteng , Xu Jiasheng , Jiang Bin
Published: March 2018

TheAntispilaspecies feeding on Vitaceae from Shandong Peninsula, China are treated.AntispilakunyuensisLiu,sp. n., feeding onAmpelopsishumulifolia, is described as new to science, andA.uenoiKuroko, 1987, feeding onVitisamurensis, is recorded as new for China.Vitisamurensisis documented as a new host plant forA.uenoi. The adult male and female, host plant and typical patterns of leaf-mines of both species are illustrated, as are male and female genitalia and venation. The venation and the paired tufts of scales on the 7thabdominal segment in male are illustrated forA.uenoifor the first time. DNA barcodes of both species are also provided, together with a neighbor-joining tree for facilitating species delimitation.
High-Definition Optical Coherence Tomography of the Macula in Deprivational Amblyopia
Authors: Al-Haddad Christiane , Mehanna Carl-Joe , Ismail Karine
Published: March 2018

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:

This study evaluated macular thickness in deprivational amblyopia and compared it to matched controls.

PATIENTS AND METHODS:

The authors present a cross-sectional study of patients with amblyopia from pediatric cataract and matched controls. Macular high-definition optical coherence tomography scans of each eye were acquired. Central macular thickness (CMT) and parafoveal thicknesses at 500 μm, 1,000 μm, and 1,500 μm in the nasal, temporal, inferior, and superior locations were measured.

RESULTS:

Thirty-four eyes were included: 14 eyes with deprivational amblyopia and 20 controls. In amblyopes, the mean age was 10.06 years ± 3.89 years and logMAR visual acuity (VA) was 0.41 ± 0.53, whereas in the control group, mean age was 8.96 years ± 1.89 years and mean logMAR VA was 0.03 ± 0.05. The macula in deprivational amblyopia was significantly thicker centrally compared to controls (
P
= .0013), but only tended to be thicker at 500 μm and thinner at 1,000 μm and 1,500 μm. Male gender, poorer VA, and hyperopic refraction positively correlated with CMT (
P
= .011,
P
= .018, and
P
= .038, respectively).

CONCLUSION:

Eyes with deprivational amblyopia had increased CMT compared to controls, and this correlated with the severity of amblyopia.

[
Ophthalmic Surg Lasers Imaging Retina
. 2018;49:198–204.]
Estudio de la evolución del espesor en ensayos de Small Punch Test
Authors: Sánchez-Ávila David , Barea Rafael , Candela Nuria , Álvarez-Leal Marta , Carreño Fernando
Published: March 2018

El ensayo de punzonado de probetas miniaturizadas (Small Punch Test, SPT) es un ensayo en creciente expansión empleado para la obtención de diversos datos mecánicos, por ejemplo, de resistencia, fractura, fluencia, etc… especialmente cuando se dispone de poco material. Sin embargo, el ensayo SPT es más complicado que el ensayo de tracción uniaxial dada su no linealidad dificultando la relación de los datos obtenidos con los de tracción. De hecho, en la literatura no hay un modelo evidente que relacione estos ensayos y se debe recurrir a una calibración para cada material. Una de las causas de la complicación del ensayo SPT es que la reducción del espesor de la probeta, según procede el ensayo, no es homogénea en su zona de deformación, a diferencia de tracción. En este trabajo se ha procedido a determinar la variación del espesor de la probeta de SPT en varios puntos, y especialmente en el centro y la zona de rotura, mediante el empleo de elementos finitos en COMSOL tomando como material base un acero 316L obtenido por fabricación aditiva mediante “Selective Laser Melting” (SLM). Para el adecuado modelado en COMSOL se han empleado además los parámetros mecánicos de dos tratamientos termomecánicos extremos del 316L, uno recocido a mínima dureza y otro endurecido por deformación hasta elevada resistencia. Los resultados obtenidos de variación del espesor de la probeta permiten avanzar en el modelado teórico del comportamiento del ensayo SPT para la obtención más precisa de los datos mecánicos equivalentes a ensayos de tracción.
Predicción de la vida útil en servicio de edificios de 50 años expuestos a ambientes marinos
Authors: Sánchez-Deza Agustín , Bastidas David M. , La Iglesia Angel , Mora Eleuterio M. , Bastidas José M.
Published: March 2018

Los refuerzos corrugados de acero embebidos en hormigón, presentan con frecuencia una capa de herrumbre formada durante la vida en servicio de las estructuras de hormigón armado (EHA). Las capas de óxido, productos de corrosión, que crecen en los refuerzos de acero inducen tensiones expansivas y causan el agrietamiento del recubrimiento de hormigón. El presente estudio utiliza los resultados de la velocidad de corrosión del acero corrugado, medidos en edificios de más de 50 años, construidos con hormigón armado, ubicados en ambientes marinos. El estudio considera la presión generada por la expansión de volumen de las capas de productos de corrosión para calcular la vida útil en servicio de las EHA utilizando una simulación numérica, estimando el tiempo hasta la fisuración por corrosión del recubrimiento de hormigón. Akaganeita, goethita, lepidocrocita, hematita, magnetita y maghemita fueron identificadas por difracción de rayos X, como constituyentes de las fases cristalinas de las capas de óxido.
Caracterización microestructural y modelización mediante elementos finitos de uniones soldadas de la aleación de Magnesio AZ31
Authors: Segarra José A. , Portolés Antonio
Published: March 2018

En este artículo se ha investigado de qué manera la microestructura de las aleaciones de magnesio AZ31 se ve afectada por los ciclos térmicos que se producen durante los procesos de soldadura, tratando de modelizar mediante programas de elementos finitos los ciclos térmicos que se producen en estos materiales. Las muestras estudiadas han sido soldadas mediante soldadura TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) y con diferentes materiales de aporte. En el estudio se ha empleado microscopía óptica para analizar la microestructura, microscopía electrónica de barrido y software de simulación. El estudio realizado indica por un lado que en este tipo de aleaciones los microconstituyentes más comunes son compuestos Al-Mn o Al-Mn-Mg, no observándose la presencia de la fase beta (Mg17Al12) a temperatura ambiente, por otro lado los modelos de simulación que se han obtenido indican que para las zonas que alcanzan temperaturas máximas del orden de 550 °C se produce la cristalización del material base y también sería el límite de las zona de disolución de los precipitados de composición Al-Mn o Al-Mn-Mg, que parecen actuar como inhibidores de la corrosión.
Consideración sobre la soldadura de transferencia de metal frio de AA5754 al acero galvanizado a partir de aspectos mecánicos y microestructurales
Authors: Çömez Nilay , Durmuş Hülya
Published: March 2018

En este estudio, la soldadura por solapamiento de AA5754 y chapas de acero galvanizado se llevó a cabo mediante el método de transferencia de metal en frío (CMT) utilizando un hilo de relleno ER4043 (AlSi5). Se investigó el efecto del aporte de calor sobre la formación de la capa de compuesto intermetálico (IMC) entre el acero y el aluminio. Las propiedades mecánicas de las juntas se determinaron mediante ensayos de tracción y dureza y también aplicando la prueba de nano indentación a la capa intermetálica. Las composiciones químicas de IMC se analizaron mediante EDX y se detectó la formación de fases Al7.2Fe1.8Si y Fe2Al5. La formación de la fase Fe2Al5 fue perjudicial para la fiabilidad de la articulación, aunque su resistencia mecánica es superior.
An Isolated TCR αβ Restricted by HLA-A*02:01/CT37 Peptide Redirecting CD8+ T Cells To Kill and Secrete IFN-γ in Response to Lung Adenocarcinoma Cell Lines
Authors: Flores-Villanueva Pedro O. , Ganachari Malathesha , Guio Heinner , Mejia Jaime A. , Granados Julio
Published: March 2018

Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer-related death among both men and women in the United States, where non–small cell lung cancer accounts for ∼85% of lung cancer. Lung adenocarcinoma (ADC) is the major histologic subtype. The presence of actionable mutations prompts the use of therapies designed to specifically address the deleterious effects of those cancer-driving mutations; these therapies have already shown promise in cases carrying those actionable mutations (∼30%). Innovative therapeutic approaches are needed for the treatment of 70% of patients suffering from lung ADC. Adoptive transfer of CD8+ T cells specific against cancer/testis (CT) Ags, whose protein expression is restricted to the gonads (testis and ovary) and cancerous cells, is an excellent alternative. In this study, we report the isolation of HLA-A*02:01/CT37 peptide–specific α and β TCR chains from a CD8+ T cell clone obtained from a patient suffering from lung ADC. We also report the development of an innovative CD3ζ construct. With those TCR chains and the engineered (modified) CD3ζ chain, we produced a construct that when transduced into CD8+ T cells is capable of redirecting transduced CD8+ T cell cytotoxic activity and IFN-γ secretion against peptide-pulsed autologous cells and HLA-A*02:01–positive and CT37-expressing lung ADC cell lines. Our findings will launch the development of innovative adoptive transfer immunotherapies for the treatment of lung ADC, targeting the most prevalent HLA molecules and CT37 peptides restricted by these molecules.
Multisatellite observations of the magnetosphere response to changes in the solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field
Authors: Korotova Galina , Sibeck David , Thaller Scott , Wygant John , Spence Harlan , Kletzing Craig , Angelopoulos Vassilis , Redmon Robert
Published: March 2018

Abstract. We employ multipoint observations of the magnetosphere to present case and statistical studies of the electromagnetic field and plasma response to interplanetary (IP) shocks. On February 27, 2014 the initial encounter of an IP shock with the magnetopause occurred on the early postnoon magnetosphere, consistent with the observed alignment of the shock with the spiral IMF. The dayside equatorial magnetosphere exhibited a dusk-dawn oscillatory electrical field with a period of ~ 330 s and peak to peak amplitudes of ~ 15 mV/m for a period of 30 min. The intensity of electrons in the energy range from 31.5 to 342 KeV responded with periods corresponding to the shock induced ULF electric field waves. The initial electric field perturbation was directed dawnward for this case study. We then perform a statistical study of Ey variations of the electric field and associated plasma drift Vx and Vy flow velocities for 30 magnetospheric events during the passage of interplanetary shocks. The direction of the initial Vx component of plasma flow is tailward at all local times except the nightside magnetosphere, where flows are sunward near the sun-Earth line but antisunward towards dawn and dusk. The observed directions of the azimuthal velocity Vy predominately agree with those expected for the given spiral or orthospiral shock normal orientation.
Fungi regulate response of N2O production to warming and grazing in a Tibetan
grassland
Authors: Zhong Lei , Wang Shiping , Xu Xingliang , Wang Yanfen , Rui Yichao , Zhou Xiaoqi , Shen Qinhua , Wang Jinzhi , Jiang Lili , Luo Caiyun , Gu Tianbao , Ma Wenchao , Chen Guanyi
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Lack of understanding of the effects of warming and winter grazing on soil fungal contribution to nitrous oxide (N2O) production has limited our ability to predict N2O fluxes under changes in climate and land use management, because soil fungi play an important role in driving terrestrial N cycling. Here, we examined the effects of 10 years' warming and winter grazing on soil N2O emissions potential in an alpine meadow. Our results showed that soil bacteria and fungi contributed 46 % and 54 % to nitrification, and 37 % and 63 % to denitrification, respectively. Neither warming nor winter grazing affected the activity of enzymes responsible for overall nitrification and denitrification. However, warming significantly increased the enzyme activity of bacterial nitrification and denitrification to 53 % and 55 %, respectively. Warming significantly decreased enzyme activity of fungal nitrification and denitrification to 47 % and 45 %, respectively, while winter grazing had no such effect. We conclude that soil fungi could be the main source for N2O production potential in the Tibetan alpine grasslands. Warming and winter grazing may not affect the potential for soil N2O production potential, but climate warming can alter biotic pathways responsible for N2O production. These findings indicate that characterizing how fungal nitrification/denitrification contributes to N2O production, as well as how it responds to environmental and land use changes, can advance our understanding of N cycling. Therefore, our results provide some new insights about ecological controls on N2O production and lead to refine greenhouse gas flux models.
Relative timing of precipitation and ocean circulation changes in the western equatorial Atlantic over the last 45 ky
Authors: Waelbroeck Claire , Pichat Sylvain , Böhm Evelyn , Lougheed Bryan C. , Faranda Davide , Vrac Mathieu , Missiaen Lise , Vazquez Riveiros Natalia , Burckel Pierre , Lippold Jörg , Arz Helge W. , Dokken Trond , Thil François , Dapoigny Arnaud
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Thanks to its optimal location on the North Brazilian margin, core MD09-3257 records both ocean circulation and atmospheric changes. The latter occur locally in the form of increased rainfall on the adjacent continent during the cold intervals recorded in Greenland ice and northern North Atlantic sediment cores (i.e. Greenland stadials). These rainfall events are recorded in MD09-3257 by peaks in ln(Ti / Ca). New sedimentary Pa / Th data indicate that mid-depth western equatorial water mass transport decreased during all the Greenland stadials of the last 45 ky. Using cross-wavelet transforms and spectrogram analysis, we assess the relative phase between the MD09-3257 sedimentary Pa / Th and ln(Ti / Ca) signals. We show that decreased water mass transport between ~ 1300 and 2300 m depth in the western equatorial Atlantic preceded increased rainfall over the adjacent continent by 110 to 400 y at Dansgaard–Oeschger (D–O) frequencies, and by 280 to 980 y at Heinrich-like frequencies. We suggest that the large lead of ocean circulation changes with respect to changes in tropical South American precipitation at Heinrich-like frequencies is related to the effect of a positive feedback involving iceberg discharges in the North Atlantic. In contrast, the absence of widespread ice rafted detrital layers in North Atlantic cores during D–O stadials supports the hypothesis that such a feedback was not triggered in the case of D–O stadials, with circulation slowdowns and subsequent changes remaining more limited during D–O stadials than Heinrich stadials.
Integrating network topology metrics into studies of catchment-level effects on habitat diversity
Authors: Heasley Eleanore L. , Clifford Nicholas J. , Millington James D. A.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The spatial arrangement of the river network is a fundamental characteristic of the catchment, acting as a conduit between catchment-level effects and in-channel morphology and ecology. Yet river network structure is often simplified to reflect an up-to-downstream gradient of in-channel features, commonly represented by stream order. The aim of this study is to quantify network topological structure using new metrics – distance network density and elevation network density – that better account for the multi-dimensional nature of the catchment and which are functionally applicable across geomorphological, hydrological and ecological attributes of the catchment. The functional utility of the metrics in explaining patterns of physical habitat diversity is assessed in comparison to stream order. The metrics are calculated for four low-energy, anthropogenically modified catchments in the UK and compared to a physical habitat diversity score derived from England's River Habitat Survey. The results indicate that the new metrics offer a richer, and functionally more-relevant description of network topology than stream order, highlighting differences in the density and spatial arrangement of each catchment's internal network structure. Correlations between the new metrics and physical habitat diversity score show that distance network density is positively related to maximum habitat diversity in three of the four catchments. There is also evidence that increased distance network density may reduce minimum habitat diversity in catchments with greater anthropogenic modification. When all catchments are combined, distance network density is positively correlated with maximum, mean and minimum habitat diversity. There are no significant correlations between elevation network density and habitat diversity. In all but the largest streams, there is no significant relation between habitat diversity and stream order highlighting the limitations of stream order in accounting for network topology. Overall, the results suggest that distance network density is a more powerful metric which conceptually provides an improved method of accounting for the impacts of network topology on the fluvial system exhibiting strong relationships with habitat diversity, particularly maximum habitat diversity.
Reanalysis of the 1761 transatlantic tsunami
Authors: Wronna Martin , Baptista Maria Ana , Miranda Jorge Miguel
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The tsunami catalogues of the Atlantic include two transatlantic tsunamis in the 18th century the extensively studied 1st November 1755, and 31st March 1761. The latest event struck Portugal, Spain, and Morocco around noontime. Several sources report a tsunami following the earthquake as far as Cornwall (United Kingdom), Cork (Ireland) and Barbados (Caribbean). An earlier analysis of macroseismic information and its compatibility with tsunami travel time information located the epicentre circa 34.5° N 13° W close to the Ampere Seamount at the eastern end of the Gloria Fault (North East Atlantic). The estimated magnitude of the earthquake is 8.5. In this study, we propose a tectonic source for the 31st March 1761 earthquake compatible with the tsunami observations in the Atlantic. We revisit the tsunami observations, reevaluate tsunami travel time data, and include a report from Cadiz not used before. The global plate kinematic model NUVEL 1A computes a convergence rate of 3.8 mm/y in the area of the presumed epicentre. We propose a source mechanism for the parent earthquake compatible with the geodynamic constraints in the region capable of reproducing most of the tsunami observations. The results of our study support the hypothesis that the 1761 event took place in the area of Coral Patch and Ampere seamounts, SW of the 1st November 1755, mega-earthquake source. Finally, this study shows the need to include the 1761 event in all seismic and tsunami hazard assessments in the Atlantic Ocean.
High resolution in situ measurements of phytoplankton photosynthesis and abundance in the Dutch North Sea
Authors: Aardema Hedy M. , Rijkeboer Machteld , Lefebvre Alain , Veen Arnold , Kromkamp Jacco C.
Published: March 2018

Abstract. Marine waters can be highly heterogeneous both on a spatial and temporal scale, yet monitoring is currently mainly limited to low-resolution methods. This study explores the use of two high-resolution methods to study phytoplankton dynamics; Fast Repetition Rate fluorometry (FRRf) to study phytoplankton photosynthesis and scanning flowcytometry (FCM) to study phytoplankton biomass and composition. Measurements were conducted during four cruises on the Dutch North Sea in April, May, June, and August of 2017. Both FRRf and FCM data show spatial heterogeneity with monthly variation. Automated unsupervised Hidden Markov Model (uHMM) spatial clustering resulted in the identification of regions with distinct phytoplankton communities. Manual adjustments were necessary to optimize visualization of some distinct phytoplankton communities. Stepwise multiple linear regression (n = 61) revealed that photophysiology (alpha), phytoplankton biomass (total red fluorescence) and abiotic predictors (Turbidity, DIN, time of the day and temperature) determined integrated water column gross primary productivity. Apart from spatial heterogeneity, the diurnal trend is a significant predictor exposing clear trends with other photophysiological parameters. Consequently, spatial patterns are difficult as temporal and spatial patterns occur simultaneously. Nevertheless, high-resolution monitoring is a very useful supplement in addition to regular low-resolution monitoring.
The seismogenic fault system of the 2017 Mw 7.3 Iran-Iraq earthquake: constraints from surface and subsurface data, cross-section balancing and restoration
Authors: Tavani Stefano , Parente Mariano , Puzone Francesco , Corradetti Amerigo , Gharabeigli Gholamreza , Valinejad Mehdi , Morsalnejad Davoud , Mazzoli Stefano
Published: March 2018

Abstract. The 2017 Mw Iran-Iraq earthquake occurred in a region where the pattern of major plate convergence is well constrained, but limited information is available on the seismogenic structures. Geological observations, interpretation of seismic reflection profiles, and well data are used in this paper to build a regional balanced cross-section that provides a comprehensive picture of the geometry and dimensional parameters of active faults in the hypocentral area. Our results indicate: (i) coexistence of thin- and thick-skinned thrusting, (ii) reactivation of inherited structures, and (iii) occurrence of weak units promoting heterogeneous deformation within the Paleo-Cenozoic sedimentary cover and partial decoupling from the underlying basement. According to our study, the main shock of the November 2017 seismic sequence is located within the basement, along the low-angle Mountain Front Fault. Aftershocks unzipped the up-dip portion of the same fault. This merges with a detachment level located at the base of the Paleozoic succession, to form a crustal-scale fault-bend anticline. Size and geometry of the Mountain Front Fault are consistent with a down-dip rupture width of 30 km, which is required for an Mw 7.3 earthquake.
Arcite's Overheard Song: The Knight's Tale and the Prosimetrum Tristan en prose
Authors: Matthews Ricardo
Published: March 2018

The medieval prosimetrum challenges many prevalent theories of the lyric because of the way it seems to personalize highly conventional and anonymous songs when placed within the context of a narrative frame. The article analyzes a tradition of knights listening to other knights complaining in song of their resistant loves. Palamoun's violent reaction to Arcite's rondeau in the Knight's Tale repeats a pattern found frequently in the Arthurian prosimetrum Tristan en prose: a knight stops in the woods, overhears another knight's song, and then endeavors to interpret the lyric's oblique references to the dame, often with violent consequences. For both Palamoun and Tristan, the referential nature of framed songs becomes a problem, especially when that overheard song could potentially be about one's lady.
A Language for Ethics and Eloquence: Political and Linguistic Order in Chaucer's Lak of Stedfastnesse
Authors: Crosson Chad G.
Published: March 2018

Lak of Stedfastnesse exemplifies the shift prior criticism took from a strictly humanist perspective on Chaucer's work, wherein he eschewed politics, to an understanding of his poetry wherein political references and concerns abound. Reading this poem in light of both the mirror-for-princes genre and traditions of grammatical instruction, the article shows how Chaucer interweaves the concerns of a timebound, contingent, political world with those of the timeless, absolute world of moral values. Through a negotiation between these two worlds, Chaucer suggests how poetry might intervene in ethical practice. Lak of Stedfastnesse reveals how the political becomes a means rather than an end. Neither political nor apolitical, Chaucer forges a middle way to explore the potentialities of language and literature.
A Proposal to Adopt Data Discrimination Rather than Privacy as the Justification for Rolling Back Data Surveillance
Authors: Cramer Benjamin W.
Published: March 2018

Critics of data surveillance by government and businesses have used a legal strategy based on privacy, but have thus far been unsuccessful. This article suggests that civil libertarians should consider raising the specter of unfair data discrimination in legal arguments to roll back data surveillance, and they may find support from statutory and judicial precedents in which the American government fought to protect citizens from older types of discrimination. This may in turn support arguments that America is traditionally opposed to discrimination, and should be opposed to modern discrimination caused by data surveillance practices.
From Fairy Host to Mutant Community: The “Singular” Changeling in Folklore, Medical Discourse, and Theories of Evolutionary Change
Authors: Lawrence Adam
Published: March 2018

The socially and biologically diverse “Fairyland” we find in legends represented to those who believed in supernatural agency both an alternative model for social relations and a metaphor for the unpredictable nature of life, including sudden physical transformation. The changeling legend—in which a healthy human is exchanged for a malformed fairy—played a significant role not only in traditional “diagnoses” for congenital malformation but also in contemplating evolutionary change. Science-fiction authors like Theodore Sturgeon, Poul Anderson, Paul McAuley, and Harlan Ellison appear to have adapted the legend to reimagine the versatile folkloric changeling as a potential model in a technologically advanced environment, where sympathy and hospitality are often pushed to the wayside. In highlighting humanity's changeling status, these authors encourage us to reverence those earth-dwelling denizens that possibly gave us our ethos in the first place.