bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Detection, isolation and identification of more bioactive compounds from Fusarium equiseti, an endophytic isolated from Ocimum gratissimum
Authors: Nnamdi Markben Adione  , Ifeanyi Peter Onyeka  , Chika Christiana Abba  , Nkeoma Nkasi Okoye  , Chukwubuikem C. Okolo  , Peter Maduabuchi. Eze  , Blessing Ogechukwu Umeokoli  , Ogechi Ozioma Anyanwu  , Festus Basden Chiedu Okoye
Published: September 2022

Endophytes have continued to gain fame due to their ability to produce an array of secondary metabolites within the host system with huge untapped pharmacological potentials. This study was carried out to further identify and isolate novel therapeutic compounds from Fusarium equiseti, an Endophytic fungus isolated from leaves of Ocimum gratissimum. Endophytic fungal isolation, fungal fermentation, and extraction of secondary metabolites were carried out using standard laboratory methods. The crude extracts of Fusarium equiseti were subjected to further chromatographic techniques using vacuum liquid chromatography, Sephadex LH 20 and semipreparative HPLC for isolation of bioactive compounds. The fractions and the isolated compounds obtained were further subjected to high performance liquid chromatography-Diode Array Detector (HPLC-DAD). The analytical HPLC led to the further detection of many bioactive compounds namely: Enniatin A, Aureonitol, Serasinoside H1, Altenusin, Aplysinamisin, benzylnitril, ruspolinone and Orientin. Semipreparative HPLC led to the isolation of 6 pure compounds of which two were identified as benzylnitril, and ruspolinone. The remaining four were not identified due to lack of library hits. The detected and the isolated compounds have been previously shown to exhibit a wide array of biological activities including antiviral, antifungal, hepatoprotection, antibacterial, anticancer, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties. The unidentified compounds may hold enormous potential as new bioactive lead compounds for development into novel therapeutic agents. Therefore, the Endophytic fungus, Fusarium equiseti should be harnessed for its potential pharmacological, pharmaceutical, agricultural and industrial applications.
A Study of Database Connection Pool in Microservice Architecture
Authors: Sobri Nur Ayuni Nor , Abas Mohamad Aqib Haqmi , Yassin Ihsan Mohd , Megat Ali Megat Syahirul Amin , Tahir Nooritawati Md , Zabidi Azlee , Rizman Zairi Ismael
Published: September 2022

The growing number of Internet presents a higher requirement to backend application systems nowadays to be designed to handle thousands of users traffic concurrently. Microservice architecture is also in a rising trend which they allow for each service to scale horizontally by their throughput and load helps to scale the system efficiently without waste of resources like in the traditional monolithic application system. Among the many strategies to optimize delivery, database connection pool helps backend systems to access databases efficiently by reusing database connections, thus eliminating the computationally expensive need to open and close connections with new requests. Additionally, database connection pools can also help improve the connection reliability for applications. This paper aims to determine the most suitable maximum amount of database connections in a microservice setting, where multiple instances of the service are used for scalability and high availability purposes of the system. To tackle the issue of scalability and to achieve high availability of our services, we propose running multiple instances of each of our services in production, especially for services that we anticipate will be hit the most during runtime. This is to allow load balancing of request load between multiple instances and having backup instances to serve HTTP requests when one of the instances is down. The result obtained in this experiment shows that 5 database connections give the best result in microservice settings as described in our methodology.
The Effect of Layer Batch Normalization and Droupout of CNN model Performance on Facial Expression Classification
Authors: Norhikmah - , Lutfhi Afdhal , Rumini -
Published: September 2022

One of the implementations of face recognition is facial expression recognition in which a machine can recognize facial expression patterns from the observed data. This study used two models of convolutional neural network, model A and model B. The first model A was without batch normalization and dropout layers, while the second model B used batch normalization and dropout layers. It used an arrangement of 4 layer models with activation of ReLU and Softmax layers as well as 2 fully connected layers for 5 different classes of facial expressions of angry, happy, normal, sad, and shock faces. Research Metodology are 1). Data Analysis, 2). Preprocessing grayscaling, 3). Convolutional Neural Network (CNN), 4). Model validation Testing, Obtained an accuracy of 64.8% for training data and accuracy of 63.3% for validation data. The use of dropout layers and batch normalization could maintain the stability of both training data and validation data so that there was no overfitting. By dividing the batch size on the training data into 50% with 200 iterations, aiming to make the load on each training model lighter, by using the learning rate to be 0.001 which works to improve the weight value, thus making the training model work to be fast without crossing the minimum error limit. Accuracy results in the classification of ekp facial receipts from the distance of the camera to the face object about 30 cm in the room with the use of bright enough lighting by 78%.
Urgensi Peran Orang Tua dalam Pendidikan Agama Islam
Authors: Farikhah Dzakiyatul , Sikin Nur
Published: September 2022

Abstract: The parents have an important role in determining the direction of their children education, namely as the main and first madrasah. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the urgency of the role of parents, including the use of strategies in the selection of Islamic Religious education with supporting and inhibiting factors that accompany it. The type of research used is field research with qualitative descriptive approach and involve 3 parents with 3 children in the Dangkel, Parakan Temanggung. The results of this research are (1) parents act as educators and the main motivators for children in undergoing education; (2) the strategy used through the material of faith, worship and morality with the methods of exemplary, habituation, advice and punishment; (3)supporting factors include the basic religion of good parents, comfortable and loving family condition. While the inhibiting factors arise from the surrounding environment, such as peers who always invite to play and out of the time.
Abstrak: Peran orang tua sangat besar dalam menentukan arah pendidikan yang akan dijalani oleh anak, yakni sebagai madrasah yang utama dan pertama. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis urgensi peran orang tua tersebut, meliputi penggunaan strategi dalam pemilihan pendidikan agama Islam dengan faktor pendukung dan penghambat yang mengiringinya. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian lapangan dengan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif, Adapun Responden penelitian dengan 3 keluarga atau orang tua dan 3 anak didusun Dangkel, Kecamatan Parakan Kabupaten Temanggung. Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa (1) orang tua berperan sebagai tenaga pendidik dan motivator anak yang utama dalam menjalani pendidikan; (2) strategi yang digunakan melalui materi akidah, ibadah dan akhlakul karimah dengan metode keteladanan, pembiasaan, nasihat dan hukuman; (3) faktor pendukung meliputi basic agama orang tua yang baik, keadaan  keluarga  yang nyaman dan penuh kasih sayang. Sedangkan faktor penghambat muncul dari lingkungan sekitar, seperti teman sebaya yang selalu mengajak bermain dan tidak kenal waktu.
Pemanfaatan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis Video Menggunakan Aplikasi Benime dalam Meningkatkan Pemahaman pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Islam dan Budi Pekerti (PAIBP) Siswa SMP
Authors: Aini Ulvia Nur , Utami Tri Wardah , Khalidiyah Tuhfatul , Huriyah Lilik
Published: September 2022

Abstract: Video learning media is a media that combines two elements, namely audio and visual (image). Benime application is an application that produces videos with attractive and not monotonous illustrations. The hope of using the media is that students can be more effective in understanding the material presented. This study aims to develop video media using the benime application and measure the effectiveness of learning videos using the benime application in improving understanding of the material " Selamat Datang Wahai Nabiku Kekasih Allah". This type of research is Research and Development with a development model adapted from the Dick and Carey model. The five research stages are, (1) preliminary stage, (2) analysis stage, (3) design stage, (4) development stage, and (5) testing stage. Sources of data obtained through observation, interviews, validation, and documentation of the learning outcomes of class VII students at SMPN 2 Kunjang Kediri. The results showed that the use of the Benime application was considered quite effective in improving the understanding of PAIBP material. The use of the Benime application is also considered quite flexible because it can be accessed through each student's device.
Abstrak: Media pembelajaran video merupakan media yang bersifat menggabungkan dua unsur yaitu audio (suara) dan visual (gambar). Aplikasi benime merupakan aplikasi yang menghasilkan video dengan ilustrasi yang menarik dan tidak monoton. Harapan dari pemanfaatan media tersebut adalah para siswa dapat lebih efektif dalam memahami materi yang disampaikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan media video menggunakan aplikasi benime serta mengukur efektivitas video pembelajaran menggunakan aplikasi benime dalam meningkatkan  pemahaman materi “Selamat Datang Wahai Nabiku Kekasih Allah”.  Jenis penelitian ini adalah Research and Development dengan model pengembangan yang diadaptasi dari model Dick and Carey. Lima tahap penelitian yaitu, (1) tahap pendahuluan, (2) tahap analisis, (3) tahap perancangan, (4) tahap pengembangan, dan (5) tahap pengujian. Sumber data diperoleh melalui observasi, wawancara, validasi, dan dokumentasi terhadap hasil belajar siswa kelas VII di SMPN 2 Kunjang Kediri. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pemanfaatan aplikasi benime dinilai cukup efektif dalam meningkatkan pemahaman materi PAIBP. Pemanfaatan aplikasi benime juga dinilai cukup fleksibel karena dapat diakses melalui gawai siswa masing-masing.
Satellite navigation systems as a source for determining the features of the radio waves propagation along ionospheric radio lines
Authors:   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Russia, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo, 1, Smirnov V.M. , Smirnova E.V. ,   Kotelnikov IRE RAS, Fryazino branch, 141190, Russia, Fryazino, pl. Vvedenskogo, 1
Published: September 2022

The main space-time characteristics of inhomogeneities arising in ionospheric plasma are given. The models of the ionospheric radio channel are shown taking into account the inhomogeneities of large, medium and small scales for navigation satellite systems. The results of measurements and data processing of these systems are presented. It is shown that ionospheric inhomogeneities arising on the propagation path can lead to strong signal fading. According to the depth of fading, scintillation indices are determined, the values of which allow them to be attributed to the class of weak-medium fading. The use of the second derivative phase of navigation signals made it possible to attribute these inhomogeneities to the class of small-scale ones.
A survey study on pornography consumption among young Spaniards and its impact on interpersonal relationships
Authors:   Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain, Ballester Luis Brage , Orte C. Socías ,   Department of Pedagogy and Specific Didactics, University of the Balearic Islands, Palma, Spain, Rosón C. Varela ,   University School of Social Work, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
Published: September 2022

The rise in the use of new pornography and widespread increase in Internet access represents an unprecedented scenario in interpersonal relationships in young people. This study is pioneering as it focuses on a large scale of perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours in relation to new pornography use and its impact on interpersonal relationships. The main objective was to explore and describe – with a web-based survey – perceptions, opinions, and profiles regarding pornography use and interpersonal relationships. The survey was administered to 2,457 young people aged between 16 and 29 years from representative areas of Spain. The results obtained reveal that the first accesses to pornography occur at an early age (eight years), and the Internet and pornography were shown to be substitutes for affective sexual education, clearly influencing perceptions, attitudes, and behaviours of adolescents and young people and increasing risk behaviours. It is concluded that affective sexual education should be improved, and the involvement of different agents of socialisation must be monitored. Keywords: New pornography, youth, interpersonal relationships, sex education, consumption.
Effectiveness of Oxidized Regenerated Cellulose-Based Haemostat (Surgicel®) for Monopolar Electrosurgical Conization and Its Risk Factors for Postoperative Rebleeding: An Observational Study
Authors: Isono Wataru , Tsuchiya Akira , Okamura Asuka , Honda Michiko , Saito Ako , Tsuchiya Hiroko , Matsuyama Reiko , Fujimoto Akihisa , Nishii Osamu
Published: September 2022

Background: Prompt detection and treatment of high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN), namely, CIN3, are important for preventing malignant transformation. In most cases, such treatment is performed through conization, but minimally invasive procedures must also be considered. Therefore, we present a surgical method using a combination of monopolar electrosurgical conization (MESC) and oxidized regenerated cellulose-based haemostat (ORCH) (Surgicel®) and discuss its merits and risk factors. Methods: The medical records of 274 patients treated at our hospital from January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2021, were retrospectively reviewed. To detect risk factors for postoperative problems, we considered 2 indicators: postoperative recurrence and haemostatic suture for severe postoperative bleeding. We also focused on the following 10 representative factors for predicting significant risk for postoperative problems: (1) advanced age, (2) high BMI, (3) nulliparity, (4) smoking history, (5) long operation time, (6) intraoperative suture, (7) positive margin, (8) invasive squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), (9) no dysplasia, and (10) cervical glandular neoplasia (CGN). Results: Among the 274 patients, 19 instances of postoperative recurrence and 8 instances of haemostatic suture were detected. In a multivariate analysis of the 10 factors, we detected no significant impact except for “no dysplasia” on both indicators. This result indicated that our method had no specific risk and could provide a certain extent of usability. Conclusions: The combination of MESC and ORCH for the treatment of CIN3 could be performed effectively and safely with minimal intraoperative haemostatic suturing of the cut surface.
Relationship between Physical Activity and Lumbopelvic Pain during Pregnancy: A Cross-Sectional Study
Authors: Kawabe Rika , Yamashiro Chiaki , Morino Saori , Ishihara Mika , Chen Chang Yu , Koshi Masumi , Kato Naoko , Hatanaka Hiroko , Umezaki Fumiko , Yamashita Mamoru , Aoyama Tomoki , Nagai-Tanima Momoko
Published: September 2022

Background: More than half of the pregnant women are affected by lumbopelvic pain (LPP) in their daily lives. Physical activity (PA) contributes to LPP relief. There are several reports on exercise habits, including the recommended activity intensity (moderate) and time spent (at least three times a week); however, only a few detailed reports on household/child-rearing and occupational activity are available. Therefore, this study explored the relationships between housework/child-rearing, occupational hours, and LPP. Methods: This study included 95 pregnant females who attended an obstetrics and gynecology hospital. The participants were divided into two groups based on the results of an interview on the presence of LPP and classified by intensity or category using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ-J). The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare PA between the two groups. When a significant difference was observed, we performed logistic regression analysis using body mass index (BMI) as an adjustment variable. Results: There were 16 females with LPP and 17 women without LPP in the third trimester. There were significant associations between the PPAQ scores of housework/child-rearing activities and LPP in the third trimester. No significant differences in any category of PPAQ scores were observed between the groups with and without LPP in the first and second trimester of pregnancy. Conclusions: Our study showed the association between PA and LPP in the third pregnancy. Pregnant females with LPP tended to spend more time on housework and child-rearing necessary for their lives. The duration of housework and child rearing should be reduced because of prolonged standing and the burden on the lumbar area.
Targeting Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer Using Mesenchymal Stem Cell Exosomes for Therapeutic MicroRNA-let-7c Delivery
Authors: Kurniawati Ida , Liu Ming-Che , Hsieh Chia-Ling , Do Anh Duy , Sung Shian-Ying
Published: September 2022

Background: Castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa; CRPC) has a poor response to androgen deprivation therapy and is considered an incurable disease. MicroRNA (miR)-lethal 7c (let-7c) was implied to be a tumor suppressor in PCa, and treatment with exogenous let-7c targets both cancer cells and their associated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to prevent CRPC progression and metastasis. Exosomes are nanometer-sized membrane-bound vesicles which have an absolute predominance in biocompatibility for drug delivery and gene therapy by mediating cell-to-cell communication. By utilizing the intrinsic tumor-targeting property of MSCs, this study aimed to investigate the feasibility of MSC-derived exosomes as an exogenous miR delivery system to target CRPC, using miR let-7c as an example. Methods: Bioinformatics analysis was performed to observe miR-let-7c expression in clinical samples by utilizing the GEO database. MSC-derived exosomes were collected from a human bone marrow-derived MSC cell line after cell transfection with either a pre-miR negative control or pre-miR-let-7c, and further characterized through nanoparticle tracking analysis and Western blotting. miR-let-7c expression was determined using RT-qPCR, and the phenotypic effects of both naked and MSC-exosome-encapsulated let-7c on CRPC cells (PC3 and CWR22Rv1) were determined by WST-1 cell proliferation assay and wound healing migration assay. Results: miR-let-7c was downregulated in metastatic PCa and high grade group patients. miR-let-7c expression was confirmed to be downregulated in PCa cell lines, with massively decreased in most metastatic CRPC-like cells. Exogenous miR-let-7c can be successfully packaged into MSC exosomes. Treatment with either naked or MSC-exosome-encapsulated miR-let-7c resulted in significant reductions in cell proliferation and migration in CRPC-like PC3 and CWR22Rv1 cells. Conclusions: MSC-derived exosomes could serve as a therapeutic let-7c delivery system to target CRPC.
Combination Therapies against COVID-19
Authors: Luo Qunfeng , Zheng Yunxi , Zhang Jin
Published: September 2022

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the causative agent of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was announced as a pandemic leading to devastating economic and medical burden worldwide. The virus attacks the organ system across the body by binding to its receptor (for example, angiotensin converting enzyme 2) on the surface of the host cell of various organs. The patients present with a variety of pathological symptoms ranging from fever, cough and cytokine storm to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Many combination therapies have been developed to combat the disease, via blocking one or more processes of the viral life cycle and/or relieving host complications simultaneously. In this review, the progress of those combination therapies containing at least one small molecule is updated. We believe it’ll provide significant inspiration for further development of treatment strategy against SARS-CoV-2, especially its mutant variants.
Reversal of Platelet Inhibition in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor
Authors: Adamski Piotr , Skonieczny Grzegorz , Hajdukiewicz Tomasz , Kern Adam , Kubica Jacek
Published: September 2022

Antiplatelet treatment is one of the pillars of contemporary therapy in acute coronary syndromes. It is based on dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) consisting of aspirin and a P2Y12 receptor inhibitor. Antiaggregatory treatment reduces ischemic events, but at cost of increased bleeding rates. As a result of irreversible inhibition of platelet P2Y12 receptors, the antiplatelet action of clopidogrel and prasugrel is prolonged for the lifespan of thrombocytes and lasts up to 7 days. The antiaggregatory effect of ticagrelor may persist up to 5 days despite its reversible nature of P2Y12 receptor inhibition. These pharmacodynamic properties may prove problematic in patients requiring immediate reversal of antiplatelet effects due to severe or life-threatening bleeding, or in presence of indications for an urgent surgery. The current review summarizes available knowledge on different strategies of restoring platelet function in patients treated with ticagrelor. Non-specific methods are discussed, including platelet transfusion, human albumin supplementation and hemadsorption. Finally, bentracimab, the first specific antidote for ticagrelor, and in fact against any antiplatelet agent, is described.
Physical Activity and Hypertension
Authors: Hayes Peter , Ferrara Alexandra , Keating Aoife , McKnight Kathryn , O'Regan Andrew
Published: September 2022

Hypertension and physical inactivity are leading causes of premature mortality. While both are modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease, their prevalence remains high. As populations grow older, they are more likely to develop hypertension and to become less physically active. Scientific advances have contributed to understanding of how physical activity improves blood pressure and the clinically relevant ambulatory blood pressure, but this is not reflected in hypertension guidelines for clinical management of hypertension. The aim of this paper is to clearly present up to date knowledge from scientific studies that underpin the role of physical activity in hypertension management. Longitudinal studies in this review demonstrate a protective effect of higher physical activity levels as well as higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness. Interventional studies report improvements in blood pressure associated with aerobic, resistance and concurrent exercise; the improvements in some studies were greatest among participant groups with established hypertensions; the effect was observed for groups with treatment-resistant hypertension also, a clinically important subgroup. The most recent research provides evidence for the synergy between physical activity and pharmacotherapy for the treatment of hypertension, providing an opportunity for clinicians to promote physical activity as an adjunctive treatment for hypertension as well as a preventative strategy. This review critiques the evidence and summarises the most up to date literature in the field of physical activity and hypertension.
Le Droit international et européen face au conflit armé en Ukraine - les 10 premiers jours
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, POPESCU Corneliu-Liviu
Published: September 2022

The international armed conflict between Russia and Ukraine, qualified by the United Nations General Assembly as an act of aggression, has drawn the use of procedures and the imposing of sanctions of International and European Law at a scale never before seen in a single situation and within a very brief period of time.
Calitatea de subiect activ al infracțiunii de delapidare în cazul administratorului de fapt al unei asociații de proprietari sau locatari și al persoanei care desfășoară servicii pentru asociația de proprietari sau locatari, în baza unui contract de prestări servicii. Opinie privind problema de drept ce a condus la pronunțarea Deciziei HP nr. 31/2022 în materie penală
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, TRANDAFIR Andra-Roxana
Published: September 2022

Having as a starting point two questions addressed to the High Court of Cassation and Justice within the procedure provided by art. 475 et seq. of the Romanian Criminal Procedure Code, the paper analyses the way in which art. 295 par. (1) with reference to art. 308 of the Romanian Criminal Code is interpreted and applied, in order to establish whether the de facto administrator of a homeowners’ association can be author of embezzlement, respectively whether the person who performs services for such an association based on a service agreement can be considered a person who performs, permanently or temporary, an assignment of any nature within the association, as provided by art. 308 of the Romanian Criminal Code. Briefly, the papers mentions that the de facto administrator of a homeowners’ association, in the sense explained in the paper, can be author of embezzlement and the possibility that a person to be author of such criminal offence does not depend of the nature of the agreement which is concluded with the homeowners’ association, if the said person is responsible with administrating or managing the money of other assets belonging to that association and such powers can be qualified as leading to work relationships.
Prescripție, quo vadis? Gânduri în legătură cu prescripția răspunderii penale în urma Deciziei nr. 358/2022 a Curții Constituționale
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, PÂRGARU Dragoș
Published: September 2022

The statute of limitations in terms of criminal liability constitutes a subject of intense debate as a result of the Romanian Constitutional Court issuing Decision no. 358/2022. This judgement cannot be disassociated from a previous ruling of the same body, namely Decision no. 297/2018. The present article sets out to analyse the leading theoretical issues arising out of the effects these two rulings produce. The text shall discuss whether the statute of limitations in criminal law is a feature of substantial law or procedural law, the measure in which the mitior lex principle is applicable and, lastly, a correlation of the effects of the judgements and the rule that such rulings are only effective for the future, not retroactively. Furthermore, the author transposes theoretical conclusions to various practical situations that may occur in the practice of Romanian criminal law courts. Finally, the article also envisions an analysis of the relationship between the aforementioned rulings and European Union law.
Ineficiența soluției lui Rawls din Two concepts of rules în contextul judiciar românesc
Authors:   Facultatea de Drept a Universității din București, GUBICI Bogdan Emil
Published: September 2022

This paper aims to keep open the discussion on the need to formulate a theory that sets guidelines for the fair exercise of the discretion of judges applicable to the individualization of sentences. To achieve this goal, the essence of John Rawls's work, Two concepts of rules, is presented, in which the author briefly presents the criticisms of the justification of punishment based on utilitarian theories, formulated by the proponents of retributive theories, especially on the issue of punishing innocent people, then offers a solution to solve them. Its solution, formulated in such a way as to become generally applicable, is analyzed in the Romanian judicial context by reference to a hypothetical case, aiming to demonstrate that Rawls' approach, although legitimate, is insufficient and the problems of an utilitarian justification of punishment remain valid at least in part.
Lactuvet – the food supplement of the future
Authors:   North-Caucasus Federal University, Khramtsov A.G. , Dykalo N.Y. ,   JSC «Dairy Company Stavropolskiy», Shkola S.S. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Eremina A.I. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Anisimov G.S. ,   North-Caucasus Federal University, Rudkovskii A.V. ,   JSC «Dairy Company Stavropolskiy»
Published: September 2022

Aim. This article describes mutual positive effects of lactose and calcium, which determines the uniqueness of "LactuVet" both in food and livestock industries. Discussion. In moderate to high doses (30-60 g / day), lactulose has been used for many years to treat constipation and hepatic encephalopathy. Less often it is used in small doses as a prebiotic agent (1-10 g / day). "LactuVet" is a functional prebiotic product containing a relatively low concentration of lactulose, produced from crystalline lactose molasses. In addition to lactulose, "LactuVet" contains about 3.5% calcium. Conclusion. "LaktuVet" is the first domestic supplement containing not only lactulose, but also other nutrients that are biologically significant for humans, greatly expanding and enhancing its functionality. The relatively low price opens up the possibility for its mass application.
Study of the quality of raw milk obtained under robotic milking conditions
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Fedotova G.V. , Tkachenkova N.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Slozhenkina A.A. ,   National Research University Higher School of Economics, Chekanova M.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: September 2022

Aim. Evaluate the qualitative composition and technological properties of raw milk intended for the production of safe dairy products. Materials and Methods. For researches there was used raw cow's milk which was received from cows of agricultural enterprise "Donskoe", LLC. Sampling and preparation of samples for laboratory researches were carried out according to the unified technique in accordance with the requirements of GOST 13928-84. Following indicators were determined in raw milk: mass fraction of fat – according to GOST 5867-9 requirements; mass fraction of protein – according to GOST 25179-2014 requirements; determination of acidity was conducted according to GOST P 54669-2011; organoleptic evaluation of milk – according to GOST 31449-2013; determination of microbiological and hygienic indicators – according to GOST P 56145-2014. Results. In the course of the experiment it was determined that the number of cattle of agricultural enterprise "Donskoe", LLC, from 2014 to 2021 increased by 3.52 times, and milk yields – by 4.25 times. In all periods of the year the mass fraction of protein and fat in milk was within the norm, the most fatty milk was produced in autumn-winter period, and in spring-summer period the milk was the most protein-rich. When determining the acidity, an average milk sample was taken for each month. The obtained results indicate that the acidity of milk was within normal range. In the study of raw milk, microbiological and hygienic parameters were normal, which corresponds to the requirements of normative and technical documentation. Conclusion. The results of the research indicate that the milk corresponds all requirements and is a safe raw material for the production of dairy products, and the study of physical, chemical and organoleptic parameters determined of its high quality. Thus, the milk obtained by the complex is a quality raw material for the production of safe food products.
The effectiveness of the use of organic cobalt in the feeding of young cattle
Authors:   Scientific and Practical Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Animal Husbandry, Kot A.N. , Radchikov V.F. ,   Scientific and Practical Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Animal Husbandry, Petrov V.I. ,   Scientific and Practical Centre of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus on Animal Husbandry
Published: September 2022

Aim. The study of the regularities of metabolism in the body when feeding various types of trace elements. Materials and Methods. The studies were carried out using generally accepted and modern biotechnological, biochemical and mathematical methods and certified laboratory equipment. All digital material obtained in the course of the research work was processed using the Microsoft Excel software package and the method of variation statistics, taking into account the Student's probability criterion. Results. Studies have found that the use of 1 mg/ kg of cobalt acetic acid compound feed in feeding young bulls aged 3-6 months had a positive effect on the physiological state of animals, expressed in an increase in the content of erythrocytes in the blood by 2.4%, hemoglobin – by 2.1, total protein – by 1.1, calcium and phosphorus – by 1.4 and 1.3%, respectively. At the same time, the glucose level decreased by 1.8%, urea – by 1.9%. it did not have a significant effect on the processes of cicatricial digestion. All indicators were within the limits of physiological norms. The animals of the experimental group showed a tendency to decrease the ammonia content in the scar fluid by 4.1%. At the same time, in the experimental group, the level of volatile fatty acids increased by 3.0%. Feeding the bulls with cobalt acetic acid salt provided an increase in the average daily live weight gain by 3.1%. The increase in productivity had a positive effect on the efficiency of the transformation of nutrients in the diet into products. Thus, feed costs for products decreased by 2.8%. Conclusion. The adding of cobalt acetic acid in the diet of young bulls had a positive effect to decrease the ammonia content in the rumen fluid, increasing the average daily gain and, in general, the productivity of animals.
The use of food by-products and non-meat ingredient in the production technology of chopped meat-containing semi-finished products
Authors:   Volgograd State Technical University, Filimonova S.D. , Tapilina A.P. ,   Volgograd State Technical University, Sultanalieva A.E. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Slozhenkina M.I. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production
Published: September 2022

Aim. Expanding the range of chopped semi-finished products of high degree of readiness with increased biological value and reduced fat content in the middle price segment of the consumer market. Materials and Methods. Raw materials were used: beef, chilled categories (GOST 34120-2017), pork, semi-fat and fatty (GOST 31476-2012), beef liver and beef heart (GOST 32244-2013), Persian lentils (TU10.61.32-003-99621687-2017), onion (GOST 34306-2017), salt (GOST R 51574-2018), ground black pepper (GOST 29050-91). The development and research of control and experimental samples were carried out according to generally accepted methods in accordance with regulatory and technical documentation. Sampling and organoleptic research methods in accordance with the requirements of GOST 7269-2015. The determination of organoleptic parameters was carried out according to the requirements of GOST 9959-2015. The mass fraction of fat was determined according to GOST 23042-2015, the mass fraction of protein – according to GOST 25011-2017, amino acid composition – according to GOST 34132-2017. The moisture content was determined according to GOST 9793-2016. Results. The formulation and technological scheme of the chopped meat-containing semi-finished product of a high degree of readiness have been developed. Conclusion. The created product expands the range of chopped semi-finished products of high degree of readiness with increased biological value and reduced fat content.
Analysis of the efficiency of enrichment of semi-finished meat products with chickpea flour
Authors:   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Grishin V.S. , Tkachenkova N.A. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Lazareva E.Y. ,   Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-and-Milk Production, Grebennikova Y.D. ,   Kalmyk State University named after B.B. Gorodovikov
Published: September 2022

Aim. Investigation of the nutritional and biological value, organoleptic characteristics of semi-finished meat products (dumplings) produced using chickpea flour for dumpling dough. Materials and Methods. The objects of research were: chickpea flour (Technical conditions 9293-081-10514645-04), baking wheat flour (GOST 26574-2017), minced meat (GOST R 55365-2012). To determine the optimal amount of chickpea flour in the dough, recipes for dumplings were developed without the use and with the use of chickpea flour in the amount of 5 (prototype No. 1), 10 (prototype No. 2) and 20% (prototype No. 3) by weight of raw materials. Results. The introduced chickpea flour made it possible to improve the organoleptic qualities of the samples. The replacement of wheat flour with chickpeas reduced the mass fraction of moisture in semi-finished products. The protein content in the experimental semi-finished products increased by an average of 0.6-2.2% compared to the control sample. The energy value of dumplings that do not contain chickpea flour was 240.8 kcal. When 10% chickpea flour was added to the recipe, the energy value of dumplings was 219.7 kcal, compared with the control sample, the indicator decreased by 8.8%. Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, it can be concluded that the use of chickpea flour in the technology of meat semi-finished products (dumplings) has improved their quality indicators, thereby increasing the biological value of the product.
Defanged
Authors: Adams Ian T. , Mourtgos Scott M. , McLean Kyle , Alpert Geoffrey P.
Published: September 2022

Objectives: Test the immediate and sustained impact of suspending a police K9 program on officer injury, suspect injury, and suspect resistance rates.Methods: A large municipal policing agency housing one of the oldest K9 programs in the U.S. suddenly terminated the program at the close of summer 2020. We exploit this change as a natural experiment to test three hypotheses related to rates of injuries (officer and suspect) and resisting arrest. We use Bayesian modeling in an interrupted time series analysis to measure the immediate and long-term effects of the K9 apprehension program's suspension on our hypotheses.Results: The sudden suspension of K9 apprehension was not associated with a statistical increase in officer or suspect injury, or suspect resistance, during felony arrests. Conclusions: As police agencies, communities, and stakeholders renegotiate the risks of policing, constraints on using police K9s are unlikely to impact aggregate officer or suspect safety negatively.
A Rule Mining and Bayesian Network Analysis to Explore the Link Between Depression and Digital Behavioral Markers of Games App Usage
Authors: Ahmed Md. Sabbir , Hasan Tanvir , Rahman Mahfuzur , Ahmed Nova
Published: September 2022

Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, spending time on Games increased much, which may impact mental health. While numerous studies were conducted exploring the relation between Games and depression, none of the studies used objective (i.e., actual) Games app usage data which could provide unbiased and real-time insights. To fill this research gap, using our developed app that retrieves the past 7 days’ actual app usage data accurately, we conducted a study on Games app users (N=60) in Bangladesh. We extracted the behavioral markers from the foreground and background Games app usage events’ data. To explore the relation between Games and depression, we mined rules, did correlation analysis, and built Bayesian networks. Our analyses demonstrated that the students who spent higher time and had a higher launch per Games app on weekends were more likely to be depressed (p<.05). In addition, from the Bayesian analysis, we found that while some usage data impacts depression, depression also impacts some usage behavior such as frequency of launching Games apps. Apart from raising awareness about the negative impact of Games, insights from our study can facilitate the design of systems to improve the students’ mental health.
Classic psychedelics: past uses, present trends, future possibilities
Authors: Safron Adam , Johnson Matthew
Published: September 2022

Here we consider psychedelics with respect to their mechanisms of action, use, and implications for our understandings of brain and mind. This review is somewhat nontraditional in its scope, with discussions of both basic facts as well as theoretical speculations. We chose this approach given the unique historical context we find ourselves in at present. While we have decades of investigations to draw upon with respect to the clinical science and neuropsychopharmacology of psychedelics, we are also witnessing a renaissance (or perhaps a revolution) in which scientific and public interest in these compounds seems to be exploding. We have decided to split this review between the fundamental and theoretical, with hopes that we can give readers familiarity with well-established knowledge, as well as questions to hold in mind in attempting to make sense of a rapidly shifting epistemic landscape. Below we focus on serotonin 2A receptor (5-HT2aR) agonists, or “classic psychedelics,” and discuss research suggesting their potential roles in clinical and non-clinical contexts. Particular emphasis is placed on studies suggesting potentially surprising degrees of efficacy for conditions such as depression and addictive disorders. We also evaluate potential mediators and moderators of therapeutic outcomes, including factors such as mystical experiences and psychological flexibility. Finally, we consider likely future directions for psychedelics in science and society.
"Czech" the Alternatives: A Probe Recognition Study of Focus and Word Order
Authors: Lacina Radim , Šimík Radek , Gotzner Nicole
Published: September 2022

Comprehenders have been found to activate, select, and represent plausible alternatives to focused elements when processing incoming sentences (see Gotzner & Spalek, 2019 for an overview). This is consistent with Rooth’s (1992) theory of focus interpretation, which claims that the function of focus is to create an additional level of meaning consisting of a set of propositions derived by replacing the focused element with its contextually appropriate alternatives of the same semantic type. However, the psycholinguistic research on the processing of focus has mostly been done on a small sample of Germanic languages which mostly use prosody to mark focus. We tested whether the current results generalise to Czech, which can use word order to mark narrow focus. We report on a probe recognition study aiming to test whether Czech comprehenders represent alternatives to focused subjects. The results provide preliminary evidence in favour of this claim.
Time after Time: How Age and Depressive symptoms affect temporal processing
Authors: Buzi Giulia , D'Argembeau Arnaud , Eustache Francis , Hinault Thomas
Published: September 2022

Temporal processing, the ability to mentally represent and process the dynamical unfolding of events over time, is a fundamental feature of cognition that evolves with advancing age. Aging has indeed been associated with slower and more variable performance in timing tasks. However, the role of depressive symptoms in age-related changes in temporal processing remains to be investigated. Therefore, the present work aims to shed light on the link between temporal processing and depressive symptoms, which are frequent with advancing age. We relied on the multicentric “Blursday Project” database, providing measures of temporal processing together with questionnaires investigating psychological wellbeing. Results reveal that aging influences several timing abilities, from the reproduction of short time intervals to verbal estimations of longer temporal distances. Furthermore, the slowing down of felt passage of time regarding the last few days with age was fully mediated by the intensity of depressive symptoms. Overall, these findings suggest that depressive symptoms may play a pivotal role in age-related temporal processing changes.
Energy Eigenvalue and Thermodynamic Properties of q-deformed Hulthen Potential
Authors: Karki Bhishma , Dhobi Saddam Husain , Nakarmi Jeevan Jyoti , Yadav Kishori
Published: September 2022

The objective of this work is to calculate the energy eigenvalue for q-deformed Hulthen potential using a Gaussian hypergeometric function with centrifugal approximation factor and related thermodynamical properties. For this, we develop a mathematical model using the Schrodinger wave equation to find the energy eigenvalue. In addition, the thermodynamic parameters were also calculated for q-deformed Hulthen potential using the partition function. The energy eigenvalue for quantum numbers n=1 to n=5 was observed for screening parameters 0.1, 0.5, and 1. In between, 0.1 to 1 and n=1 to n=2 the energy eigenvalue ranges from -1.048 to -208.572. The energy eigenvalue for considering potential shows that decrease with increasing the quantum number which means electron are loosely bounded nucleus in an atom. Also, the vibrational mean energy, vibrational mean free energy, vibrational specific heat capacity, and vibrational entropy are obtained but due to complexity, the further development of the equation is the limitation of this work.
BIBECHANA 19(2022)165-169
Design and Analysis of Vehicle Anti-Lock Braking System with Fuzzy Logic, Bang-Bang and PID Controllers
Authors: Lakhemaru Prashant , Adhikari Surya Prasad
Published: September 2022

In this study, a mathematical model of Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS) has been developed and simulated in MATLAB/Simulink environment using bang-bang, fuzzy logic and PID controllers. The controllers were used to control the braking force to be applied based on various parameters like relative slip, road condition and coefficient of friction between road and tire. The simulated result was compared and analyzed. The simulation result showed that a PID controller would take 9.665 seconds to stop the vehicle at the distance of 434.902 ft at an initial velocity of 88 ft/s. The Fuzzy Logic, Bang-Bang and no controllers offered 935.298 ft at 16.76 seconds, 696.996 ft at 13.751 seconds and 1421.327 ft at 24.217 seconds, respectively for the same initial velocity and road surface. From analysis, it was concluded that the PID controller had better performance compared to fuzzy logic and bang-bang controllers for application of ABS in a vehicle.