bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Acupuncture-Associated Mycobacterium massiliense and Scedosporium Infections Superimposed by Tetanus
Authors: Prasoppokakorn Thaninee
Published: July 2022

Background. Tetanus has rarely been reported in Thailand since 1982 due to 100% tetanus vaccination coverage during the neonatal period of life. However, the reemergence of tetanus has been observed in our country during the past decade, mainly due to the increasing number of migrants traveling from neighboring countries in search of work. Acupuncture has become an essential part of alternative and complementary medicine. To our knowledge, acupuncture-associated Mycobacterium abscessus and Scedosporium infections superimposed by tetanus have never been reported. Case Presentation. A 55-year-old Thai female with schizophrenia was hospitalized due to a 4-day course of trismus, dysphagia, and back muscle spasms. Upon admission, a clinical diagnosis of tetanus was made, which included muscle rigidity and reflex muscle spasms, despite a recent history of diphtheria-tetanus (dT) vaccination for tetanus prophylaxis after 2 episodes of falling complicated by two lacerations on the left shoulder and head. Endotracheal intubation for airway protection was given, in addition to tetanus immunoglobulin, metronidazole, and diazepam which were prescribed to the patient. Incision and drainage of the wound on the left shoulder yielded 40 mL of pus, which subsequently grew Clostridium species, Mycobacterium massiliense, and Scedosporium on anaerobic bacterial, mycobacterial, and fungal cultures, respectively. An incision of an acupuncture wound on the abdominal wall yielded 1 mL of pus, which exhibited positive acid-fast bacilli (AFB) on AFB stain. Mycobacterial culture finally grew M. massiliense. The organism was susceptible to amikacin and clarithromycin. Amikacin, clarithromycin, ciprofloxacin, and voriconazole were then added. The patient gradually improved and was discharged after one month of hospitalization. The patient was reported to be doing well, with no neurological sequelae, when last seen one month after discharge. Conclusions. To our knowledge, this is the first case of acupuncture-associated M. massiliense and Scedosporium infections superimposed by tetanus. In Thailand, the occurrence of acupuncture by nonqualified individuals and the reemergence of tetanus remain prevalent. Hence, it is not uncommon to see tetanus in association with acupuncture-related nontuberculous mycobacterial/fungal infection.
Stochastic Optimal Design of Household-Based Hybrid Energy Supply Systems Using Sample Average Approximation
Authors: Abubakar Ali , Borkor Reindorf Nartey , Amoako-Yirenkyi Peter
Published: July 2022

In terms of energy production, combining conventional and renewable energy sources prove to be more sustainable and cost-effective. Nevertheless, efficient planning and designing of such systems are extremely complex due to the intermittency of renewable sources. Many existing studies fail to capture the stochasticity and/or avoid detailed reliability analysis. This research proposes a practical stochastic multi-objective optimization tool for optimally laying out and sizing the components of a grid-linked system to optimize system power at a low cost. A comparative analysis of four state-of-the-art algorithms using the hypervolume measure, execution time, and nonparametric statistical analysis revealed that the nondominated sorting genetic algorithm III (NSGA-III) was more promising, despite its significantly longer execution time. According to the NSGA-III calculations, given solar irradiance and energy profiles, the household would need to install a 5.5 (kWh) solar panel tilted at 26.3° and orientated at 0.52° to produce 65.6 (kWh) of power. The best battery size needed to store enough excess power to improve reliability was 2.3 (kWh). The cost for the design was $73520. In comparison, the stochastic technique allows for the construction of a grid-linked system that is far more cost-effective and reliable.
[Retracted] Clinical Observation of Flapless Implantation in the Posterior Tooth Area under the Guidance of the Fully Guided Template
Authors: Wei Dan , Xu Weifeng , Chen Liangwu , Lu Hongyan
Published: July 2022

Objective. Compared with the conventional flap implantation, the postoperative effect of flapless implantation of a single posterior tooth under the guidance of the fully guided template was observed. Materials and Methods. 67 cases were divided into the template group (n = 35) and the flap group (n = 32) according to the wishes and actual situation of the patients. In the template group, the fully guided template was made by rapid prototyping technology, and the flapless implantation was performed under the guidance of the template in the posterior tooth area. The flap group underwent routine flap implantation. After the operation, the template group took CBCT (cone beam computed tomography) again and fitted it with that before the operation. Neck deviation, apical deviation, depth deviation, and axial angle deviation in buccolingual and mesiodistal directions were measured to observe the accuracy of the fully guided template. At the same time, the postoperative reactions of the two surgical methods were compared by recording the operation time, pain degree 24 hours after the operation, swelling degree 72 hours after the operation, and postoperative satisfaction of patients. Results. Whether in buccolingual or mesiodistal directions, the maximum values of neck deviation, apical deviation, and depth deviation were less than 2 mm. The axial angle deviation was 0.07°∼5.93° in the buccolingual direction and 0°∼4.12° in the mesiodistal direction. The guiding effect of the template was relatively reliable, and the implantation site and depth were well controlled. Although there were small deviations, the accuracy of the template could meet the clinical needs. The operation time and the VAS (visual analogue scale) score 24 hours after the operation in the template group were lower than those in the flap group (P < 0.05), and the swelling degree rating 72 hours after the operation and postoperative satisfaction of the patients were better than those in the flap group (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Compared with the conventional flap implantation, the flapless implantation in the posterior tooth area under the guidance of the fully guided template could improve the accuracy of the operation, shorten the operation time, and reduce the degree of postoperative pain and swelling, which had a certain positive clinical significance.
A Novel Based on the Log-Squared Envelope Harmonic Noise Ratio Fault Transient Feature Extraction Method
Authors: Zhu Jiangyan , Ma Jun
Published: July 2022

To counter the sensitivity of kurtosis for the random pulse, a novel periodic detection index based on the log-squared envelope harmonic noise ratio (LSEHNR) is constructed, and then, a novel LSEHNRgram feature extraction method is proposed by introducing the maximal overlap discrete wavelet packet transform (MODWPT). Firstly, MODWPT is used to decompose the frequency band of the signal and a series of subsignals are obtained from each stage of decomposition, which are called nodes. Secondly, autocorrelation of the log-squared envelope for each node at each level is computed; calculate the LSEHNR, simultaneously. Then, the LSEHNR values of all nodes are calculated and the node with the maximal of the LSEHNR value is selected for spectrum analysis. Finally, the square envelope spectrum (SES) analysis is performed on the in-band filtered signal to extract the transient characteristics of the rolling bearing fault. The experimental results indicate that the LSEHNRgram method can accurately detect the demodulation frequency band and enhance the fault features under the condition of the low noise-to-signal ratio (SNR). The effectiveness of the method is verified on numerical and experimental datasets by comparison with autogram, infogram, and fast kurtgram methods.
Fibroblast Growth Factor 19 Improves LPS-Induced Lipid Disorder and Organ Injury by Regulating Metabolomic Characteristics in Mice
Authors: Liu Tiantian , Tang Xiaomeng , Cui Yun , Xiong Xi , Xu Yaya , Hu Shaohua , Feng Shuyun , Shao Lujing , Ren Yuqian , Miao Huijie , Zhang Hong , Zhu Xiaodong , Zhang Yucai , Wang Chunxia
Published: July 2022

Sepsis is extremely heterogeneous pathology characterized by complex metabolic changes. Fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) is a well-known intestine-derived inhibitor of bile acid biosynthesis. However, it is largely unknown about the roles of FGF19 in improving sepsis-associated metabolic disorder and organ injury. In the present study, mice were intravenously injected recombinant human FGF19 daily for 7 days followed by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration. At 24 hours after LPS stimuli, sera were collected for metabolomic analysis. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) network based on differential metabolites (DMs) was conducted. Here, metabolomic analysis revealed that FGF19 pretreatment reversed the increase of LPS-induced fatty acids. IPA network indicated that altered linoleic acid (LA) and gamma-linolenic acid (GLA) were involved in the regulation of oxidative stress and mitochondrial function and were closely related to reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Further investigation proved that FGF19 pretreatment decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and increased serum catalase (CAT) levels. In livers, FGF19 suppressed the expression of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and enhanced the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) and hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1). Finally, FGF19 pretreatment protected mice against LPS-induced liver, ileum, and kidney injury. Taken together, FGF19 alleviates LPS-induced organ injury associated with improved serum LA and GLA levels and oxidative stress, suggesting that FGF19 might be a promising target for metabolic therapy for sepsis.
Extraction, Chemical Composition, and Protective Effect of Essential Oil from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv. Leaves on Dextran Sodium Sulfate-Induced Colitis in Mice
Authors: He Jing , Zhang Yang , Ouyang Kehui , Chen Lingli , Meng Wenya , Zhang Ying , Wang Wenjun
Published: July 2022

In this study, the essential oil (EO) was extracted by steam distillation from Chimonanthus nitens Oliv, and the extraction process was optimized by response surface methodology. The optimum process conditions are as follows: extraction time of 4.57 h, soaking time of 1.33 h, and solid-liquid ratio of 1 : 21.4. Under these conditions, the theoretical yield of EO is 1.5624%. The EO compounds were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). A total of 52 chemical components were detected, among which the content of 3-(4,8-dimethylnona-3,7-dienyl)-furan was the highest, accounting for 21.43% of the total peak area. The EO showed good antioxidant activity against 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2

′

-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and reducing power. In this study, we observed the protective effect of EO on ulcerative colitis (UC) induced by dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) in mice. EO effectively delayed weight loss and reduced DAI score. Histological examination also observed a significant reduction in damage in the EO group. The colon length of mice in DSS group was the shortest, and the colon length of mice in EO treatment group was longer than that in model group, but shorter than that in normal group (

NOR
:
8.17
±
0.39
 
cm
;
DSS
:
5.57
±
0.93
 
cm
;
L
−
EO
:
6.47
±
0.78
 
cm
;
M
−
EO
:
5.98
±
0.58
 
cm
;
and
 
H
−
EO
:
6.1
±
0.52
 
cm

). The GSH activity in the L-EO and SASP groups was significantly higher than that in the DSS group (

P
<
0.01

). SOD activity in L-EO and M-EO groups was also significantly higher than that in DSS treatment group (

P
<
0.01

). MDA was decreased in the EO treatment groups and the SASP group (L-EO, H-EO, SASP:

P
<
0.01

; M-EO:

P
<
0.05

). MPO of EO treatment group was lower than that of model group (the L-EO group was not significant, M-EO:

P
<
0.05

, H-EO:

P
<
0.05

). This study shows that EO can effectively improve the symptoms of colitis.
Restricted-Area Adversarial Example Attack for Image Captioning Model
Authors: Kwon Hyun , Kim SungHwan
Published: July 2022

Deep neural networks provide good performance in the fields of image recognition, speech recognition, and text recognition. For example, recurrent neural networks are used by image captioning models to generate text after an image recognition step, thereby providing captions for the images. The image captioning model first extracts features from the image and generates a representation vector; it then generates the text for the image captions by using the recursive neural network. This model has a weakness, however: it is vulnerable to adversarial examples. In this paper, we propose a method for generating restricted adversarial examples that target image captioning models. By adding a minimal amount of noise just to a specific area of an original sample image, the proposed method creates an adversarial example that remains correctly recognizable to humans yet is misinterpreted by the target model. We evaluated the method’s performance through experiments with the MS COCO dataset and using TensorFlow as the machine learning library. The results show that the proposed method generates a restricted adversarial example that is misinterpreted by the target model while minimizing its distortion from the original sample.
Adrenal Neuroblastoma Producing Catecholamines Diagnosed in Adults: Case Report
Authors: Guzman Gómez Guillermo Edinson , Urbano Maria Alejandra , Martínez Veline
Published: July 2022

Neuroblastoma is a solid tumor considered almost exclusively pediatric, with more than 95% of patients diagnosed before 10 years of age, with a mostly benign clinical course and with encouraging survival rates in these age ranges. It occurs rarely in adolescents, and the presentation in young adults or older people is even rarer; consequently, a more severe prognosis and higher mortality rates have been documented within this population. This is also due to a great limitation within the treatment since the chemotherapeutic regimens proposed so far are valid for pediatric patients, with low tolerance to it within the adult population. We present the case of a 24-year-old female patient with catecholamine-secreting neuroblastoma who obtained surgical management, with subsequent local tumor recurrence, with subsequent need for onco-specific and symptomatic management.
Unexpected Branch Malformation of the Facial Nerve during Stapes Surgery: Comparison between Intraoperative and Radiographic Findings
Authors: Fang Yanqing , Zhang Kun , Zhang Fang , Cheng Xiaoting , Kiehn Sebastian , Shu Yilai , Chen Bing
Published: July 2022

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of facial nerve (FN) bifurcation in patients who undergo stapes surgery, and to ascertain the correlation between the intraoperative and radiographic findings in cases where an unexpected branch malformation for patients undergoing stapes surgery. Patients who underwent stapes surgery were retroactively examined for confirmed FN bifurcation. Among the 887 patients, 10 had a bifurcated FN confirmed during surgery and had a preoperative high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scan. The HRCT scans were examined by two radiologists who were blinded to the operational findings. The diagnostic accuracy of HRCT imaging was examined along with their preoperative audiometry. In total, 887 patients underwent stapes surgery and among them the prevalence of FN bifurcation was 1.13%. These 10 patients had a 1:1 male-female ratio with a mean age of 17.9 ± 7.0 years. From a surgical review, all cases had bifurcation at the horizontal segment of FN, including 1 case of FN trifurcation. The diagnostic difference between HRCT imaging and intraoperation observations for malformations in the middle ear varies widely depending on the location, ranging from 0% to 90%. The prevalence of incus and stapes malformations was high in both imaging and operation findings (≥60%). The detection rate of abnormal positioning and bifurcation of the FN during HRCT imaging was 30% and 0%, respectively. The mean air-bone gap hearing threshold for patients was significantly improved from 42.3 dB preoperatively to 15.6 dB postoperatively without any complications. These results showed that it is extremely difficult to predict the FN bifurcation prior to surgery with a detection rate of 0%. The diagnostic difference between HRCT imaging and intraoperation observations for malformations of different parts of the middle ear varies widely. These results highlight the importance of being vigilant in regard to FN anatomical variation during stapes surgery for any unexpected malformations that are not detected during HRCT evaluation. In addition, the surgical outcomes for these patients were optimal when treatment was performed by senior surgeons.
Dimensões da experiência do cliente em parques temáticos com base nas avaliações de viagens online
Authors: Silva Fabíola Fernandes , Barreto Leilianne Michelle Trindade da Silva , Marques Júnior Sérgio
Published: July 2022

Este estudo tem o intuito de analisar as dimensões da experiência do cliente no contexto de parques temáticos. Com caráter descritivo e exploratório, e abordagem mista qualitativa e quantitativa, por meio da análise de conteúdo, a investigação foi realizada a partir do conteúdo gerado pelo usuário dentro do site Tripadvisor.com. Em seguida, parte dos dados obtidos foram processados pelos softwares NVivo 12 Pro, para o teste de frequência de palavras, e Ucinet 6 for Windows versão 6.714 [32-Bit] e NetDraw 2.172, para o método de análise em redes. Os principais resultados da pesquisa demonstraram que fatores como ambiente, serviços, interações e percepções individuais interferem de forma significativa na experiência do cliente de parques temáticos. Além disso, verificou-se que as variáveis atrações – brinquedos e shows – e estrutura do parque têm maior índice de centralidade, intimamente ligadas à obtenção da diversão e à construção da satisfação. As reflexões desse estudo podem auxiliar na recuperação do mercado dos parques temáticos no cenário da pandemia e pós-pandemia da Covid-19.
Limites e potencialidades da assistência domiciliar pediátrica em um município do estado do Ceará
Authors: Almeida Marcelo Bitu de , Albuquerque Izabelle Mont’Alverne Napoleão , Silva Maria Adelane Monteiro da , Mayorga Fernando Daniel de Oliveira , Balica Héryca Laiz Linhares , Nascimento Ana Beatriz Oliveira do
Published: July 2022

O Serviço de Atenção Domiciliar (SAD) é o serviço complementar aos cuidados realizados na atenção básica e em serviços de urgência, substitutivo ou complementar à internação hospitalar. Diante disso, tem-se como objetivo do estudo, conhecer os limites e potencialidades da assistência domiciliar pediátrica do Programa Melhor em Casa, em um município do estado do Ceará. A escolha pelo público pediátrico se deu pelas suas especificidades, além da dificuldade dos outros níveis de atenção prestarem cuidados domiciliares a este público. Trata-se de uma pesquisa avaliativa, de abordagem qualitativa. Utilizou-se a avaliação da tríade estrutura-processo-resultado definida no referencial teórico-metodológico de Donabedian. Para este estudo, consideramos os dados e análises referentes à dimensão processo. No que concerne à coleta de dados, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas a partir do roteiro adaptado de Oliveira Neto com os profissionais que atuam de forma direta no atendimento ao público pediátrico no município. As falas foram registradas com a utilização de gravador, além de registro em diário de Campo, destinado a anotações de manifestações com uso de linguagem não verbal como gestos, posturas e expressões faciais. Para tratamento dos dados, foi feita a análise temática dos discursos proposta por Minayo, subsidiada pelo software N VIVO 11 plus. A palavra mais frequente nos discursos foi “criança” (158 vezes), seguida de “atenção” (107 vezes), “cuidados” (80 vezes), “paciente” (76 vezes) e “domiciliar” (73 vezes). Vê-se que a palavra mais frequente denota a importância dada ao cuidado centrado no usuário, no caso, na criança. Na divisão de categorias, de acordo com a análise do discurso, foi mais presente a Interação com a RAS (39, 02%), seguida pela categoria do Processo Estrutura-Dependentes (PED) com 27,64, Relações de Trabalho (RT) com 26,02% e Processos Profissional- Dependentes (PPD) com 7,32%. Dentre as limitações encontradas destaca-se a fragmentação da rede, falta de insumos, transporte e inexistência de algumas categorias profissionais. Como potencialidades expõe-se a minimização do número de internações pediátricas no município, como também a melhoria da qualidade de recuperação no âmbito do lar.
Prevalence of sensitization to Malassezia spp. in adults with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis and its correlation with disease severity.
Authors: Souto Luciana de Araújo , Santos Fabio Brito dos , Almeida-Paes Rodrigo de , Lupi Omar
Published: July 2022

Fundamentals: Atopic Dermatitis (AD) and Psoriasis (PS) share clinical and physiopathological similarities. Objective: Determine the prevalence of sensitization to Malassezia spp. in adults with AD and PS and its correlation with disease severity. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out from January 2016 to August 2017 with adults. Malassezia spp.-specific IgE dosages were measured, and skin scrapings for fungal culture performed. Parametric or nonparametric tests were used for analysis. Results: Median age of the 20 participants with AD was 29 years old, and the mean SCORAD was 45.35 ± 18.32. Malassezia spp.- specific IgE median dosage was 0.63 kU/l. M. furfur and M. sympodialis were isolated. Spearman’s nonparametric correlation analysis showed no correlation between sensitization to Malassezia spp. and disease severity. The median age of the 36 participants with PS was 61 years old, the median body surface area affected was 22%, and Malassezia spp.-specific IgE median dosage was 0.00 kU/l. M. furfur and Malassezia spp. were identified. Study limitations: Assessing the sensitization to Malassezia spp. was difficult due to the reduced number of participants in the study. Furthermore, there was no uniformity in the location to collect skin scrapings. The use of topical medication was not suspended before collecting skin specimens for mycological examination, therefore interfering with fungal isolation. Conclusion: Sensitization to Malassezia spp. was only detected in the AD sample. Malassezia spp.-specific IgE test did not prove to be a marker for disease severity in our AD sample.
Xantomatose cerebrotendínea: uma doença rara e multissistêmica ainda pouco conhecida. Quando devemos suspeitar?
Authors: Gouvea Elisa Gutman , Ferreira Francisco Ramon Canale , Sales Deborah Santos , Souza Rayanne da Silva , Hammerle Mariana Beiral , Pires Karina Lebeis
Published: July 2022

Xantomatose cerebrotendínea (XCT) é uma doença congênita autossômica recessiva rara multissistêmica do metabolismo do ácido biliar que leva ao acúmulo de intermediários do colesterol em diversos tecidos. A principal manifestação da doença é o acometimento neurológico progressivo e irreversível, que inicia na infância e evolui com disfunção neurológica grave na fase adulta. Sintomas não neurológicos característicos como xantomas tendíneos, cataratas de início na infância e diarreia crônica infantil também podem estar presentes. No Brasil, não existe terapia medicamentosa para a doença. A principal abordagem terapêutica para retardar a progressão do quadro é o acompanhamento multidisciplinar com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida. Apesar dos sintomas iniciarem na infância, a maioria dos pacientes demora em média 16 anos para receber o diagnóstico, fase na qual o dano neurológico já é extenso e as abordagens terapêuticas não são mais eficazes. Neste estudo é relatado o caso de paciente de 47 anos com XCT que iniciou os sintomas na infância, com piora neurológica aos 38 anos e diagnóstico aos 44 anos, fase na qual a neurodegeneração já era grave e irreversível. Os testes laboratoriais e Imagem de Ressonância Magnética indicaram alterações características da doença. Ressalta-se a importância de ter a XTC como diagnóstico diferencial na presença de um quadro neurológico progressivo, amplo e variado, associado com xantomas tendíneos e outros sinais e sintomas específicos. Por tratar-se de doença crônica e degenerativa, o diagnóstico precoce é essencial para que se possa instituir medidas que melhorem a qualidade de vida.
Notas técnicas para judicialização de anticoagulantes orais diretos: uma avaliação do perfil
Authors: Almeida Nívea Aparecida de , Domingues Mara Luiza de Paiva , Baldoni André Oliveira , Rios Danyelle Romana Alves
Published: July 2022

Fundamentos: A judicialização da saúde no Brasil gera aumento anual significativo das demandas por recursos financeiros. Em 2016, com intuito de promover uma comunicação entre o sistema jurídico e o sistema de saúde, implementaram o sistema e-NatJus (Núcleos de Apoio Técnico do Poder Judiciário). A função do e-NatJus é fornecer apoio técnico aos juízes nas questões relativas à saúde por meio da elaboração de Notas Técnicas (NT). Objetivo: Analisar o perfil e a qualidade das NT de solicitação de anticoagulantes orais diretos (DOACs) disponíveis no portal eletrônico do e-NatJus para consultas por juízes. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo documental descritivo, em que foram avaliadas as características sociodemográficas, do diagnóstico e tratamento dos pacientes, bem como informações sobre as evidências da eficácia e segurança da tecnologia e conclusão de todas as NT referentes à solicitação de DOACs obtidas na plataforma e-NatJus desde sua implantação em 2018 até junho de 2020. Resultados: Foram incluídas no estudo 181 NT: rivaroxabana (67,0%), apixabana (16,0%), dabigatrana (12,0%) e edoxabana (5,0%). A média de idade dos indivíduos foi de 65,7 (±15,1) anos, sendo, (50,3%) do sexo feminino. São Sebastião do Paraíso foi o município que mais solicitou apoio nas NT (5,0%), e o estado com mais solicitações foi Santa Catarina (34,8%). Em relação ao diagnóstico dos pacientes, os mais prevalentes foram fibrilação atrial (FA)(31,5%) e troembolismo venoso (TEV)(16,4%). Aproximadamente 86 NT estavam com conteúdo semelhante no item evidência científica. Observou-se que (57,5%) tiveram a conclusão não favorável para disponibilizar o medicamento solicitado. Dentre as 77 NT que tiveram a conclusão favorável, (57,1%) não avaliaram as recomendações da Comissão Nacional de Incorporação de Tecnologias (CONITEC). Conclusão: De forma geral, nosso estudo permitiu conhecer o perfil das NT e os principais motivos de solicitações dos DOACs, com intuito de compreender melhor se são realizadas realmente de forma consciente e responsável. A população que solicitou os DOACs via judicial é uma população idosa e não houve grande diferença entre os sexos. Os diagnósticos mais prevalentes nas NT foram FA e TEV corroborando com a indicação desses medicamentos. Pode-se observar que a maioria das NT que concedeu parecer favorável não evidenciou consulta à CONITEC e não apresentou evidência científica que contemplava de forma concreta sua decisão.
Configurações e transformações do ensino jurídico em cursos de elite no Estado de São Paulo, de 2007 a 2018
Authors: Fernandes Júnior João Gilberto Belvel
Published: July 2022

O artigo tem como objetivo discutir as confi gurações e as transformações do ensino em cursos de graduação em Direito de elite no Estado de São Paulo entre os anos de 2007 e 2018. Para tanto analisa os 11 Projetos Político-Pedagógicos editados no período pelas 6 faculdades de Direito mais reputadas no país, assim como as 703 disciplinas obrigatórias criadas por esses documentos, e os currículos lattes de seus 672 docentes. A partir desses dados foi possível traçar perfis em relação ao modo de reprodução desses cursos e ao capital cultural que eles idealmente transmitem ao alunato. A conclusão do trabalho se dá com o cruzamento destes perfis, que permite revelar traços concretos da  dinâmica de concorrência e de divisão social do trabalho de dominação no polo dominante do subcampo jurídico-acadêmico paulista.
As estratégias de resistência e enfrentamentos: desdobramentos na consolidação dos Coletivos de Estudantes Negros(as) nas universidades brasileiras
Authors: Trindade Luana Ribeiro da
Published: July 2022

Por mais que se tenha ampliado a entrada de estudantes autodeclarados pretos e pardos no ensino superior no Brasil, o governo não ofereceu todos os recursos necessários para que as ações afirmativas fossem de fato concretizadas. Muitos(as) estudantes negros(as) precisam, constantemente, lutar pela permanência nas universidades e relatam um sentimento de não pertencimento ao espaço. Com a pandemia do novo coronavírus, o processo de ensino e aprendizagem precisou passar por adequações e aprimoramentos a partir da incorporação de aulas na modalidade on-line, consequentemente, isso escancarou as desigualdades raciais existentes na educação superior. Diante desse contexto, reflito as estratégias de resistência dos estudantes que realizam sua agência política em torno da categoria negro e os seus desdobramentos na consolidação dos coletivos de estudantes negros(as) nas universidades públicas, federais e estaduais, brasileiras.
An FPGA Accelerator for High-Speed Moving Objects Detection and Tracking With a Spike Camera
Authors: Zhu Yaoyu , Zhang Yu , Xie Xiaodong , Huang Tiejun
Published: July 2022

Ultra-high-speed object detection and tracking are crucial in fields such as fault detection and scientific observation. Existing solutions to this task have deficiencies in processing speeds. To deal with this difficulty, we propose a neural-inspired ultra-high-speed moving object filtering, detection, and tracking scheme, as well as a corresponding accelerator based on a high-speed spike camera. We parallelize the filtering module and divide the detection module to accelerate the algorithm and balance latency among modules for the benefit of the task-level pipeline. To be specific, a block-based parallel computation model is proposed to accelerate the filtering module, and the detection module is accelerated by a parallel connected component labeling algorithm modeling spike sparsity and spatial connectivity of moving objects with a searching tree. The hardware optimizations include processing the LIF layer with a group of multiplexers to reduce ADD operations and replacing expensive exponential operations with multiplications of preprocessed fixed-point values to increase processing speed and minimize resource consumption. We design an accelerator with the above techniques, achieving 19 times acceleration over the serial version after 25-way parallelization. A processing system for the accelerator is also implemented on the Xilinx ZCU-102 board to validate its functionality and performance. Our accelerator can process more than 20,000 spike images with 250 × 400 resolution per second with 1.618 W dynamic power consumption.
Estimates of Domestic Cats in Urban Areas Using Interdisciplinary Science: The Washington D.C. Cat Count
Authors: Flockhart D.T. Tyler , Lipsey Lauren , Herrera Daniel J. , Belsley Justin , Decker Samuel T. , Moore Sophie M. , Robinson Erin , Kilgour R. Julia , Gramza Ashley , McShea William , Cove Michael V. , Haston Roger , Slater Margaret R. , Bays Danielle Jo , Boone John D.
Published: July 2022

Accurate information about the number of cats living outdoors and how they respond to different kinds of management are necessary to quell debates about outdoor cat policy. The DC Cat Count will develop the tools and methodologies needed to realize this possibility and make them available for broader use. This three-year initiative represents a major collaboration between animal welfare organizations and wildlife scientists. Its unique and innovative approach is to use the best scientific methods to quantify all subpopulations of cats in the District of Columbia (outdoor, owned, and shelter cats), concurrently test and optimize simpler methods that can be used to measure cat populations by diverse users at scale, and identify the types of interventions that are likely to accomplish desired outcomes most efficiently. Ultimately, we believe that this approach is more likely to improve outcomes for both cats and wildlife than a continuation of the status quo.
Anxiety Management among Non-Clinical Society towards COVID-19 Pandemic in the Iranian Context
Authors: Amani Vadood Javan , Akbari Hamid
Published: July 2022

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a major effect on our lives. Many of us are facing challenges that can be stressful and overwhelming and cause strong emotions in adults and children. The purpose of this study was to measure the level of anxiety of non-clinical individuals in the Iranian community towards COVID-19 in Tehran. The present study is a descriptive correlational method with 308 individuals participating in the study through an online recall. A researcher-made coronary anxiety questionnaire with 18 questions was used to collect data. The data were analyzed by using Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency and Guttman’s λ2 method. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) using Lisrel-8.8 software was used to evaluate the tool construct validity. To standardize the raw scores, they were converted to standard T scores and percentile rank using Jmetrik-4.1.1 software and were prepared as normative tables. The Guttman’s λ2 value for the whole questionnaire was obtained as (λ = 0.922), Cronbach’s alpha coefficient for psychological symptoms as (α = 0.879), physical symptoms as (α = 0.861), and for the whole questionnaire as (α = 0.919). The range of scores of the questionnaire factors and total score of COVID-related anxiety severity based on standard T scores was divided into three domains: mild, moderate, and severe. The increase in psychological and physical symptom scores of coronavirus anxiety was significantly associated with physical symptoms, anxiety, depression, and social dysfunction. The fact that anxiety acts as a predisposing and health-threatening variable has confirmed that other researchers should examine its psychometric properties in other populations (especially compared to the clinical population to increase the diagnostic value of this questionnaire) as well as in relation to other psychological, social and medical concepts and variables.
Growth Dynamics of Sulfur Emissions in the Case of SAARC Countries
Authors: Ali Amjad , Salman Aneel , Amjad Fahd , Khan Faridoonc
Published: July 2022

Climate change is the hotspot of every political and economic debate around the world. Its impacts are severe, and developing countries are highly vulnerable. Greenhouse gas emissions are growing because of economic expansion and an ever-expanding population. Using a fully modified OLS estimator, this study evaluated the link between sulfur emissions (SO2) and economic indices in SAARC nations. In addition, the study included panel data from SAARC nations from 1975 to 2018. For the long-run connection between variables, the study used panel unit root and cointegration tests. The study also included a trend analysis to comprehend the dataset’s monotone tendency. The findings signify that the GDP growth has negatively influenced SO2 emissions. Therefore, foreign direct investment, trade openness, electric energy production, and population growth positively relate to SO2 emissions. The SAARC countries will promote sustainable economic growth because GDP growth is not influencing greenhouse gases. The demand for energy in SAARC countries is growing by with increasing population and economic growth by integrating different economic corridors in the Asia region, which affects environmental quality through increased economic activities. All the nations need to increase renewable resources for energy generation; otherwise, the problem of the environment remains unsolved. SAARC countries need to change the goods mix in international trade and avoid dirty imports and exports to adopt market-based policies.
Weapon shape variation of male morphotypes in two freshwater prawn species genus Macrobrachium (Decapoda: Palaemonidae)
Authors: Nogueira Caio Santos , Pantaleão João Alberto Farinelli , Costa Rogerio Caetano
Published: July 2022

Many animal groups can develop weapons that originate from specialized modifications in different body regions. Decapods are a classic example of organisms that develop these weapons. In this group, we can find specific appendages modified to claws that are used during agonistic conflicts, as is the case between dominant and submissive male morphotypes in freshwater prawns. Our study aimed to analyze the shape, size, and morphological integration of claw components (propodus and dactyl) in male morphotypes of two freshwater prawn congeners (Macrobrachium amazonicum and M. brasiliense). Claws of the prawns were photographed and marked with landmarks and semilandmarks for the acquisition of shape variables. The shape of the propodus and dactyl was statistically different between almost all morphotypes of the two species. The size of structures differed statistically between all morphotypes. The claws of almost all morphotypes showed a high degree of morphological integration; however, statistical differences were observed only between the morphotypes of M. brasiliense. The variation in the shape and degree of morphological integration of the claws between the morphotypes of M. amazonicum was less evident when compared to the morphotypes of M. brasiliense, which may be related to distinct patterns in the development of chelipeds of each species, that is, homochely and heterochely, respectively. Thus, the exaggerated development of a cheliped (heterochely) can cause greater variation in the shape of this structure, also influencing the degree of morphological integration between its components, as evidenced in this study.
Breeding ecology of Kessler’s thrush (Turdus kessleri) in the western Sichuan plateau
Authors: Gao Yulin , Xiao Hongqiang , Zhou Hong , Zhang Zejun
Published: July 2022

The breeding of most high-altitude birds remains poorly known. We studied the breeding ecology of Kessler’s thrush (Turdus kessleri) and documented reproductive information throughout the nestling periods in the western Sichuan plateau. The data included natural nest sites, nest components, nest size, egg-laying dates, egg morphology, egg size, clutch size, egg incubation, nestling brooding and feeding, nestling morphology and growth, and reproductive outcome. The study found that T. kessleri used the old nest to breed. As the nestling grew, the female’s nestling brooding time decreased, and the feeding frequency of parent birds increased at first and then decreased. The frequency of clearing feces was positively correlated with the feeding frequency. The difference in the feeding frequency of both parents may be attributed to their division of labor, with a distinct difference between their investments. The parent birds’ cost of reproduction per nestling varies from one breeding period to the next. Predation by natural enemies is the main factor leading to reproductive failure in T. kessleri. This suite of life-history and behavioral strategies enables fledgling T. kessleri to cope with the harsh environments of mountains at higher altitudes.
Plasma lactate dehydrogenase and pyruvate kinase activity changes with body mass and age across birds and mammals
Authors: Wynkoop Morgan R. , Cooper-Mullin Clara M. , Jimenez Ana Gabriela
Published: July 2022

Birds and mammals produce most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) through mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, but when oxygen is not present in sufficient levels, ATP can be produced through anaerobic glycolysis. Pyruvate kinase (PK) catalyzes the final step of glycolysis by converting phosphoenolpyruvate and adenosine diphosphate (ADP) into pyruvate and ATP. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is important for anaerobic glycolysis by catalyzing the conversion of pyruvate into lactate. In this study, we measured LDH and PK activities in plasma from birds and mammals in order to determine the relationship between LDH and PK with respect to body mass and age. Our results show that birds had a higher LDH and PK activity compared with mammals. There is a positive relationship between body mass and plasma LDH activity in birds only. However, this relationship disappears when the data are phylogenetically corrected. We did not observe a significant relationship between plasma LDH and age in birds or mammals. Plasma PK activity was negatively correlated with body mass in birds but not in mammals and positively associated with age in both birds and mammals. The relationship between LDH and PK with respect to body mass and age may be complex due to differences in metabolism in birds and mammals. Increases in LDH and PK activity with body mass in birds may be linked to anaerobic demands of flight, especially in larger birds. A decrease in LDH activity with age/MLSP (maximum lifespan) in mammals may reflect a differing metabolic shift as compared with birds. Increases in PK with age in both mammals and birds may help them cope with greater energetic needs as cells age.
The Origins of Regional Ideas: International Law, External Legitimization and Latin America’s ‘legalismo’
Authors: Jenne Nicole
Published: July 2022

Latin American politics are widely characterized by legalismo: a set of practices that can be traced to the notion of a continental or regional, American or Latin American International Law (AIL/LAIL) including the American international congresses and treaties, the practice of invoking AIL/LAIL’s various principles, and the use of judicial and quasi-judicial means of conflict resolution. However, it is far less clear where the origins of Latin America’s legalismo culture lay. Moreover, why did this formalistic-legalistic culture not take root in other regions? The article uses an original comparative historical approach to show that legalismo was a product of two conditions unique to Latin America: the distinctive security needs of its newly independent states and the time of independence. In comparison with Southeast Asia and Africa, I argue that legalismo was central to Latin America’s regional idea but that the practical impact of international law was not stronger than elsewhere.
The United Nations War Crimes Commission and the Prosecution of War Criminals in Yugoslavia
Authors: Ferhadbegović Sabina
Published: July 2022

To understand the different developments that shaped the Yugoslav war crimes policy it is important to analyse the impact of international discussions on the Yugoslav criminal law and the Yugoslav involvement in the United Nations War Crimes Commission (UNWCC). During the Second World War two different institutions claimed to be the legal representatives of the Yugoslav people: The Yugoslav government in exile in London and the communist led AVNOJ (The Anti-Fascist Council for the National Liberation of Yugoslavia). With this in mind, this paper analyses Yugoslav war crimes policies from different perspectives and in different settings. It shows that the Yugoslav`s discussion about the punishment of war criminals was influenced by power struggles, geopolitical aims, and legitimacy. While Yugoslav government in exile got lost in internal nationalist struggles, it was the Yugoslav representative at the UNWCC, and the communist led State commission to investigate the crimes of the occupiers and their accomplices who took the active role and shaped the Yugoslav war crimes policy. In consequence the Yugoslav national law for prosecuting war crimes was developed from different sources: pre-WWII traditions, Soviet law, and the UNWCC.
Ribā and Paying Off Non-stipulated Interest: The Capability to Become a Prevalent Custom (ʿUrf) in Islamic Society
Authors: Toosi Javad Fakhkhar
Published: July 2022

This article seeks to study ribā from a novel point of view. Paying off interest without preconditions is recommended strongly by the Prophet (PBUH). If Islamic society follows his advice, this will become a prevalent custom (ʿurf) among Muslims, which the title of the stipulated interest does not include. This article refers to the views of Islamic schools on ʿurf and how they comply with the custom in question formed hypothetically. This article finds that, according to Islamic schools, such custom is considered valid, legitimate, and necessary to follow. The last part of the article provides an important discussion on how to put this theory into practice and implement the model designed for this purpose in the Islamic financial system. This article concludes that the challenge of prohibiting ribā will be solved if non-stipulated interest can be made obligatory in Islamic society based on the juristic views on ʿurf.
The Ideological Basis of the Old (1923) and the New (2023) Turkey: the First Grand National Assembly
Authors: Teazis Christos
Published: July 2022

The First Grand National Assembly of 1920–23 provided the ideological basis not only for the creation of Turkey in 1923, but also for the establishment of the New Turkey of 2023. The main goal of the Turkish government in 1923 was for the state to disseminate the values of the Enlightenment to society through the army. This goal was expressed in the Assembly by the First Group and its political wing, which was the Republican People’s Party (chp). On the other hand, the Second Group and its political ideas were the ideological founding fathers of the Justice and Development Party (akp). This article argues that both the chp and the akp share a common ground which is the Protestant values of the Enlightenment. It also claims that during the akp era, the blending of Islam with the Protestant values of capitalism has transformed the former into Protestant Islam.
Filmic Imagination as Emotional Homeland: Confronting Callousness, Achieving Home in Post-war Turkey
Authors: Gönlügür Emre
Published: July 2022

This essay explores the centrality of emotions in the Turkish experience of urban modernity during the post-war decades. It draws on cinematic representations of a range of social emotions stirred by the urban condition in 1970s Istanbul. Tracing first the relevance of popular melodramas to post-war Turkish social imaginary, the article then proceeds with an analysis of three narrative tropes that shed light on people’s emotional navigation of tensions and conflicts wrought by rapid urban change: the callous factory owner as a figure of collective resentment, the old wooden family home as a place of emotional refuge, and the rhetoric of righteous anger to cultivate feelings of solidarity. Methodologically, the study argues for a greater use of films as a valuable source for emotions history, particularly in connection with the historical study of the built environment.
Between Visible and Invisible Deaths of the Korean War: Re-envisioning Operation Glory (1954) at the United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea
Authors: Lee Chungsun
Published: July 2022

The year 2021 marked the 70th anniversary of the United Nations Cemetery’s (currently the United Nations Memorial Cemetery in Korea, unmck) establishment in 1951. The unmck is the only UN-designated cemetery for the fallen UN soldiers who underwent an arduous process of interment, exhumation, and re-interment during and after the Korean War (1950–1953). Despite abundant studies on the Korean War, little attention has been paid to the diverging historiography of the deceased military personnel and non-combatants concerning the UN graveyard and Operation Glory, a repatriation mission that changed the cemetery’s geopolitical landscape. Through multi-archival research, this study re-examines the unmck’s topology by shedding light on the incompatible sites of visible and invisible deaths in the context of Operation Glory. Thus, it contributes to the limited literature on military history and historiography by showing how bodily engagements were inextricably interwoven with the Korean War’s heterotopic heritage.