bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Mapping out‐ argument structure
Authors: Ahn Byron
Published: September 2022

This article explores a phenomenon of English in which out‐ combines with a predicate to form a complex predicate (e.g., outsing, outdo, outrun, outsmart, …), here called “out‐pred.” A thorough investigation uncovers several new generalizations, which can be summarized as follows. (i) Out‐pred formation is productive and syntactic, building upon the structure for the pred. (ii) Out‐ is the core of the out‐pred clause's extended verbal projection. These findings are derived via an analysis in which out‐ merges with the pred before any argument(s) can merge. This analysis is then further supported by exploring domains in which out‐pred is unavailable; though these are seemingly unrelated, they share deep derivational properties that are incompatible with the derivation of out‐pred. The findings of this article have implications for the syntactic representation of argument structure more generally, supporting analyses where all arguments of a verb are syntactically severed from it.
MsMYB741 is involved in alfalfa resistance to aluminum stress by regulating flavonoid biosynthesis
Authors: Su Liantai , Lv Aimin , Wen Wuwu , Fan Nana , Li Jiaojiao , Gao Li , Zhou Peng , An Yuan
Published: September 2022

Aluminum (Al) toxicity severely restricts plant growth in acidic soils (pH < 5.0). In this study, an R2R3‐MYB transcription factor (TF) gene, MsMYB741, was cloned from alfalfa. Its function and gene regulatory pathways were studied via overexpression and RNA interference of MsMYB741 in alfalfa seedlings. Results showed that root elongation increased as a result of MsMYB741 overexpression (MsMYB741‐OE) and decreased with MsMYB741 RNA interference (MsMYB741‐RNAi) in alfalfa seedlings compared with the wild‐type under Al stress. These were attributed to the reduced Al content in MsMYB741‐OE lines, and increased Al content in MsMYB741‐RNAi lines. MsMYB741 positively activated the expression of phenylalanine ammonia‐lyase 1 (MsPAL1) and chalcone isomerase (MsCHI) by binding to MYB and ABRE elements in their promoters, respectively, which directly affected flavonoid accumulation in roots and secretion from root tips in plants under Al stress, eventually affecting Al accumulation in alfalfa. Additionally, MsABF2 TF directly activated the expression of MsMYB741 by binding to the ABRE element in its promoter. Taken together, our results indicate that MsMYB741 transcriptionally activates MsPAL1 and MsCHI expression to increase flavonoid accumulation in roots and secretion from root tips, leading to increased resistance of alfalfa to Al stress.
THOMIST OR TUMBLRIST: COMMENTS ON THE COMPATIBILITY OF EVOLUTION AND DESIGN BY E. V. R. KOJONEN
Authors: Page Meghan D.
Published: September 2022

This article engages Kojonen's discussion of scientific explanation. Kojonen claims the best way to conceptualize the relationship between evolutionary explanations and explanation by design is through the proximate‐ultimate distinction and the levels metaphor. However, these are not robust explanatory models but examples of how one might differentiate ambiguous explananda contained in why‐questions. Disambiguating explananda is a helpful tool for determining when a situation calls for further explanation; however, on this picture, that some further explanation is needed does not, as proponents of design arguments assume, specify design. The question of whether design is a good explanation at all hinges on what precisely we want explained.
Motivos escépticos para la filosofía
Authors: Calvo de Saavedra Ángela
Published: September 2022

La pregunta por el carácter de la “verdadera losofía” ocupa un lugar central en la investigación filosófica de David Hume. El presente artículo se propone abordar la Conclusión del libro I del Tratado de la naturaleza humana, sección decisiva para responder a dicho interrogante. En ella el autor narra, de manera dramática, la crisis suscitada por la confrontación de su ciencia de la naturaleza humana con los argumentos escépticos, narrativa que interpreto como descripción fenomenológica del flujo de pasiones, disposiciones y transformadores que, al reflexionar sobre ellos, determinan su trayectoria desde la falsa hacia la verdadera filosofía, justificada por motivos escépticos. El voyage de Hume no debe leerse como experiencia autobiográfica solamente, él representa el giro que recomienda imitar a quienes se sientan inclinados hacia la filosofía, de manera que descubran la utilidad y el placer que deriva de su ejercicio.
Estrategias argumentativas en el fragmento 16 de Sobre la filosofía
Authors: Seggiaro Claudia
Published: September 2022

En el presente trabajo analizaremos los procedimientos metodológicos implementados por Aristóteles en el fragmento 16 de Sobre la filosofía, en los que postula cierta entidad que caracteriza como divina y eterna. Para dar cuenta de esa entidad, Aristóteles se vale de un argumento factible de dividirse en tres momentos: en el primero, presenta el razonamiento por el cual se debe aceptar su eternidad; en el segundo, establece la identificación entre lo divino y lo óptimo y se focaliza en las posibles causas por las cuales algo cambia, y, finalmente, sobre la base de este último resultado, en el tercer momento, se centra en demostrar que lo divino es inmutable. Para hacer esto, se vale de lo que suele llamar “silogismos a partir de hipótesis”. Nuestro objetivo es examinar el uso dialéctico de este tipo de silogismos, que en la primera parte del fragmento son equiparables con lo que en la terminología de la lógica actual conocemos como modus ponens y, hacia el final del fragmento, adquieren la forma de una reducción a lo imposible.
A Bayesian Hierarchical Model for Extracting Individuals’ Theory-Based Causal Knowledge
Authors: Hans Atharva , Chaudhari Ashish M. , Bilionis Ilias , Panchal Jitesh H.
Published: September 2022

Extracting an individual’s scientific knowledge is essential for improving educational assessment and understanding cognitive tasks in engineering activities such as reasoning and decision-making. However, knowledge extraction is an almost impossible endeavor if the domain of knowledge and the available observational data are unrestricted. The objective of this paper is to quantify individuals’ theory-based causal knowledge from their responses to given questions. Our approach uses directed-acyclic graphs (DAGs) to represent causal knowledge for a given theory and a graph-based logistic model that maps individuals’ question-specific subgraphs to question responses. We follow a hierarchical Bayesian approach to estimate individuals’ DAGs from observations. The method is illustrated using 205 engineering students’ responses to questions on fatigue analysis in mechanical parts. In our results, we demonstrate how the developed methodology provides estimates of population-level DAG and DAGs for individual students. This dual representation is essential for remediation since it allows us to identify parts of a theory that a population or individual struggles with and parts they have already mastered. An addendum of the method is that it enables predictions about individuals’ responses to new questions based on the inferred individual-specific DAGs. The latter has implications for the descriptive modeling of human problem-solving, a critical ingredient in sociotechnical systems modeling.
Cooling of Gas Turbine Blade Leading Edge Via an Array of Air Jets With Variable Diameters
Authors: Khalil M. , Mohamed Sherif A. , Attalla M. , Maghrabie Hussein M.
Published: September 2022

In this study, the cooling of a gas turbine (GT) blade leading edge using a single row of five impinging air jets was numerically and experimentally investigated. The inner surface of the blade leading edge was depicted as a semicircle profile. The numerical study was performed using a shear stress transport (SST) k–ω turbulence model. On the other side, the experimental work was conducted using the infrared (IR) thermal camera. Additionally, the heat transfer characteristics were investigated with changing the Reynolds number (Re) from 5000 to 40,000. The study was carried out for different cases based on the jet diameter (d), named as fixed diameter (FD) and variable jet diameter in the streamwise flow direction, i.e., ascending diameter (AD) and descending diameter (DD). The local and average Nusselt numbers and heat transfer uniformity were studied at different operating and design parameters. The results revealed that for FD, increasing the jet diameter decreased the average Nusselt number while it enhanced the heat transfer uniformity. Furthermore, for all values of Re, the thermal performance of the AD was better than the DD, which has the worst heat transfer uniformity. Finally, predicted developed correlations to estimate the average Nusselt number, surface heat transfer uniformity, and performance evaluation factor (PEF) for all cases of jet diameter were introduced.
Solid Fiber Inside of Capillary and Modified Fusion-Spliced Fiber Optic Microneedle Devices for Improved Light Transmission Efficiency
Authors: Mehta Jason N. , Morales Brianna E. , Rossmeisl John H. , Debinski Waldemar , Rylander Christopher G.
Published: September 2022

Convection-enhanced delivery (CED) is a drug delivery technique used to deliver therapeutics directly to the brain and is a continually evolving technique to treat glioblastoma. Early versions of CED have proven to result in inadequate drug volume dispersed (Vd), increasing the likelihood of tumor recurrence. Fiber optic microneedle devices (FMDs) with the ability to deliver fluid and thermal energy simultaneously have shown an ability to increase Vd, but FMDs have historically had low light transmission efficiency. In this study, we present a new fabrication method, solid fiber inside capillary (SFIC) FMD, and a modified fusion splicing (FS) method with the goal of increasing light delivery efficiency. The modified FS FMD resulted in an increase in light transmission efficiency between 49% and 173% compared to previous prototypes. However, the FS FMD resulted in significantly lower transmission efficiencies compared to the SFIC FMD (p ≤ 0.04) and FS FMDs perform much worse when light-absorptive materials, like black dye, are placed in the bore. The light absorption of a candidate cytotoxic agent, QUAD-CTX, appear to be similar to water, and light delivery through FS FMDs filled with QUAD-CTX achieves a transmission efficiency of 85.6 ± 5.4%. The fabrication process of the SFIC FMDs results in extremely fragile FMDs. Therefore, the use of a modified FS FMD fabrication process appears to be better suited for balancing the desire to increase light transmission efficiency while retaining a sturdy FMD construction.
WYBQ-4: a New Bactericidal Agent against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Authors: Guan Shuhan , Yu Hangqian , Xiang Hua , Wang Li , Liu Jingyu , Wu Anfang , Zheng Jianze , Dong Hongbo , Wang Lin , Wang Dacheng
Published: September 2022

Antibiotic resistance is spreading faster than the introduction of new compounds into clinical practice, causing a public health crisis. Novel antimicrobial agents against MRSA are urgently being developed.
Supplemental Material: Early Cretaceous continental-scale sediment routing, the McMurray Formation, Western Canada Sedimentary Basin, Alberta, Canada
Authors: Wahbi Abdullah M. , al. et
Published: September 2022

Supplemental Data 1: Analytical methods followed at the Arizona LaserChron Center. Supplemental Data 2: U-Pb detrital zircon (DZ) ages from randomly picked samples. Supplemental Data 3: U-Pb DZ ages from biasly picked samples.
Lower Hybrid Waves upon Interaction of Meteor Wakes with the Earth’s Ionosphere
Authors: Morozova T. I. , Popel S. I.
Published: September 2022

The possibility of generation of lower hybrid waves in meteoroid wakes upon their interaction with the Earth’s ionosphere is analyzed. The lower hybrid waves are driven as a result of development of the Buneman-type instability due to motion of meteoroid-wake plasma relative to the Earth’s magnetic field. Magneto-modulational processes that are induced by existence of the lower hybrid waves in plasma and leading to generation of quasi-stationary perturbations of magnetic field are discussed. It is demonstrated that these perturbations are of the same order of magnitude as magnetic fields induced by meteoroids passing through the Earth’s atmosphere.
Central hypothyroidism with myxoedema: a less known but clinically challenging presentation
Authors: Kaur Kirandeep , Kadian Kavita , Batra Nisha , Sridharan Kalyani
Published: September 2022

Myxoedema can have a variety of presentations, from mild cognitive impairment to psychosis, to overt coma. While majority of cases have primary hypothyroidism as the underlying aetiology, very few cases have central hypothyroidism. We report two patients who presented with myxoedema and were diagnosed with central hypothyroidism. A man in his 50s with a history of panhypopituitarism presented with hypotension, slurring of speech and psychosis that worsened to coma. He was initially treated as adrenal crisis, and on failing to improve he was later treated correctly as myxoedema coma. A woman in her 30s presented with bradykinesia and shock and was diagnosed with Sheehan’s syndrome based on hormonal and imaging features. Both patients improved with a loading dose of oral thyroxine and intravenous steroids. Central hypothyroidism presenting with myxoedema is often complicated by coexisting pituitary hormone deficiencies. A high index of suspicion is required for better treatment outcomes.
Systemic sclerosis in a patient with muscle dystrophy
Authors: Moutinho-Pereira Sara , Morais-de-Sá Eurico , Greenfield Helena , Pereira P Ricardo
Published: September 2022

Systemic sclerosis is an autoimmune disease that can result in lung fibrosis, and is strongly associated with the presence of serum anti-topoisomerase-I autoantibodies. A young man with genetic muscular dystrophy caused by titin-cap/telethonin (TCAP) gene mutation, developed a severe restrictive lung disease due to a fibrosing interstitial pneumonia secondary to systemic sclerosis with positive anti-topoisomerase-I antibodies. Using amino acid sequence alignment and protein structure modelling, we found that mutant telethonin exposes an amino acid sequence with significant homology to an immunodominant site of topoisomerase-I. Abnormal telethonin results in a loss of integrity of the sarcomere structure, which might result in rhabdomyolysis and abnormal protein exposure to the immune system. Our preliminary analysis suggests a possible role for mutant sarcomere protein telethonin as an immunogenic target recognised by anti-topoisomerase-I antibodies, which could explain the development of systemic sclerosis in this particular patient.
Renal malakoplakia with invasion of the liver and diaphragm: a patient case and literature review
Authors: Grunhut Joel , Oroz Ricardo , Brown Shimron , Nazarian-Rostami Roozbeh
Published: September 2022

Renal malakoplakia, a seldom seen chronic inflammatory condition, continues to elude medical, surgical, radiological and pathological specialists due to its mimicry of other renal pathologies and low incidence. The variable clinical manifestations and non-specific radiological findings of malakoplakia can be misleading, and ultimately require a pathological diagnosis. A literature review reveals an extremely low prevalence of renal malakoplakia, a handful of invasive renal malakoplakia cases and no reports of liver and diaphragmatic invasion. We present a case of a renal mass with liver and diaphragmatic invasion in a 59-year-old woman that deceived clinicians and radiologists until a pathological diagnosis of renal malakoplakia was performed. This case highlights the need of awareness for malakoplakia in the differential diagnosis for renal invasive and non-invasive masses. The need to await a surgical biopsy and pathological diagnosis is critical to ensure a correct diagnosis and avoid unnecessary surgery of the kidney.
Smoking and progressive retinal nerve fibre layer thinning in glaucoma
Authors: Nishida Takashi , Mahmoudinezhad Golnoush , Weinreb Robert N , Baxter Sally L , Eslani Medi , Liebmann Jeffrey M , Girkin Christopher A , Fazio Massimo A , M Zangwill Linda , Moghimi Sasan
Published: September 2022

Background/Aims

To investigate the relationship between smoking and smoking intensity, and the rate of retinal nerve fibre layer (RNFL) thinning in patients with primary open angle glaucoma (POAG).

Methods

In this longitudinal study, patients with POAG who had at least 3 years of follow-up with a minimum of 5 visits of optical coherence tomography (OCT) were enrolled. The smoking intensity was calculated as the pack-year at the baseline OCT. Univariable and multivariable linear mixed models were used to determine the effect of each parameter on the rates of RNFL thinning over time. Non-linear least-squares estimation with piecewise regression model was used to investigate the cut-off point for the relationship between circumpapillary RNFL thinning and smoking intensity.

Results

A total of 466 eyes of 314 patients were included over the mean (95% CI) follow-up of 6.6 (6.4 to 6.7) years. Of the 314 patients, 121 (39%) had reported any history of smoking. Greater smoking intensity was associated with faster RNFL thinning (−0.06 (95% CI −0.11 to 0.00) µm/year per 10 pack-year higher; p=0.031) after adjusted for confounding factors. RNFL thinning became significantly faster when smoking intensity was >8 pack-year.

Conclusions

Smoking intensity is associated with faster rates of RNFL thinning. Evaluation of smoking intensity might add information to the assessment of risk of glaucoma progression. Future studies are required to explore if withdrawing smoking as a modifiable risk factor can decrease progression in patients with glaucoma.
The 2019 economic cost of smoking-attributable diseases in Indonesia
Authors: Meilissa Yurdhina , Nugroho Dhanie , Luntungan Nurul NHW , Dartanto Teguh
Published: September 2022

Background

In 2019, ever-smoking prevalence among adults in Indonesia was 32.8%, which may correlate with a high burden on the economy. Therefore, there is an urgent need to estimate the economic costs of tobacco use, which are crucial for policymakers in planning healthcare provisions and other public expenditures.

Methods

We follow the WHO standard approach, multiplying the sum of the direct and indirect costs with the smoking-attributable fraction. Direct costs include healthcare and non-healthcare costs. Indirect costs include the loss of productivity resulting from absence from work and premature death due to smoking-related illnesses.

Findings

We found that the 2019 economic cost of smoking ranges from Rp 184.36 trillion to Rp 410.76 trillion (1.16%–2.59% of the gross domestic product). This research found a similar economic cost of smoking compared with a previous estimate conducted by Kosen et al of Rp 438.5 trillion. However, the estimated direct cost of smoking ranges from Rp 17.9 trillion to Rp 27.7 trillion, which is higher than the estimate of Rp 15.5 trillion by Kosen et al. Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial Kesehatan allocated between Rp 10.4 trillion and Rp 15.6 trillion to cover the healthcare costs attributable to smoking, representing between 61.2% and 91.8% of the 2019 deficit.

Conclusions

The vast economic cost of smoking is a waste of resources and a burden on Indonesia’s National Health Insurance System. Therefore, the government must increase cigarette taxes to correct the negative externalities of smoking consumption.
Long-term stress crack resistance of HDPE fusion seams aged at 85 °C in synthetic leachate
Authors: Francey William , Rowe R. Kerry
Published: September 2022

The stress crack resistance (SCR) and standard oxidative induction time (Std-OIT) reduction of high- density polyethylene (HDPE) geomembrane (GMB) fusion seams is examined for a 12-year old 1.5 mm HDPE GMB when welded using nine welding parameter combinations. The GMB experienced a decrease in Std-OIT from 135 to 87 min between manufacturing and welding. Welding did not significantly decrease the Std-OIT in the heat-affected zone (HAZs). In general, individual seam SCR failure times fell between the notched and unnotched sheet, with adhered squeeze-out bead seams exhibiting individual failure times closer to the notched sheet and an average time until nominal failure ( tNF) ∼21%–35% shorter than the unnotched sheet. Differences in tNF are attributed to residual stresses and (or) accelerated craze formation in seams with adhered squeeze-out beads. Non-adhered squeeze-out seams exhibited a slower tNF similar to that of the unnotched sheet, indicating a seam tNF less than that of the sheet may not be intrinsic to all HDPE fusion seams. High sheet temperatures at the time of welding and higher heat-applied welding parameters are thought to increase the likelihood of squeeze-out bead adherence. This paper shows that squeeze-out adherence can have a deleterious effect on seam SCR.
Hydrodynamic effects on the liquid-hexatic transition of active colloids
Authors: Negro G. , Caporusso C. B. , Digregorio P. , Gonnella G. , Lamura A. , Suma A.
Published: September 2022

We study numerically the role of hydrodynamics in the liquid-hexatic transition of active colloids at intermediate activity, where motility induced phase separation (MIPS) does not occur. We show that in the case of active Brownian particles (ABP), the critical density of the transition decreases upon increasing the particle’s mass, enhancing ordering, while self-propulsion has the opposite effect in the activity regime considered. Active hydrodynamic particles (AHP), instead, undergo the liquid-hexatic transition at higher values of packing fraction $$\phi $$
ϕ
than the corresponding ABP, suggesting that hydrodynamics have the net effect of disordering the system. At increasing densities, close to the hexatic-liquid transition, we found in the case of AHP the appearance of self-sustained organized motion with clusters of particles moving coherently.
Optimal control theory of a novel stochastic human norovirus model and vaccine development
Authors: Din Anwarud
Published: September 2022

Norovirus is a contagious disease that causes diarrhea and vomiting and has a significant impact on humanity in terms of medical costs, deaths and mortalities. In this research work, the stochastic modeling techniques are utilized and a novel human norovirus model is investigated keeping in view the contamination of food and water with vaccination effects. It is proved that the model has a unique global solution and by using Lyapunov function theory, sufficient conditions are derived under which the proposed model has a unique ergodic stationary distribution for [Formula: see text]. It is observed that the disease will extinct out of the population whenever [Formula: see text]. To demonstrate the analytical results, two independent examples are depicted graphically by using standard numerical algorithm. To reduce the spread of the virus, we employed certain control measures and an optimal control problem is presented. To further validate the obtained analytical results, additional graphical solutions were generated. This study might provide a robust theoretical framework for a global understanding of chronic communicable illnesses. Our method also aims to provide a method for producing Lyapunov functions, which can be used to explore the stationary distribution of disease models having nonlinear stochastic perturbations.
Analysis of the Clinical Characteristics and Disease Spectrum of the Aged Patients in Emergency Resuscitation Room
Authors: Cheng Wenwen , Tang Jianguo , Jia Yanan , Li Jian , Zhang Xuemin
Published: September 2022

Objectives: To understand the clinical characteristics and disease spectrum of the aged patients in emergency resuscitation room (RR). Methods: The data of patients aged 60 years or over in the emergency resuscitation room in Shanghai Fifth People’s Hospital, Fudan University from September 2020 to August 2021 were collected and retrospectively analyzed in terms of the demographic characteristics, duration of visit, type of disease, duration of stay in the emergency resuscitation room and prognosis. Results: The mean age of the patients was [Formula: see text] years, the patients aged from 80 years to 89 years were the most common (35.46%). The most frequent time period of visiting the emergency resuscitation room was 8–12[Formula: see text]AM (27.66%). The most common diseases were neurological diseases (31.40%), cardiovascular diseases (30.68%) and respiratory diseases (11.31%). The spectrum of diseases with the highest mortality included sudden death and agnogenic disorders (29.35%), advanced tumors (25.27%), followed by neurological diseases (7.23%). The patients with advanced tumor had the longest duration of stay time ([Formula: see text][Formula: see text]h) in the emergency resuscitation room. The difference of ages, the proportion of visiting times and the duration of stay between male and female patients in the emergency resuscitation room did not show statistical significance ([Formula: see text]), but the difference of types of disease between males and females was significant ([Formula: see text]). Conclusion: The clinical characteristics, visiting time and disease spectrum of the elderly patients in emergency resuscitation room show certain characteristics. Our finding highlights that understanding these characteristics is beneficial to the better treatment for the elderly patients in the resuscitation room.
Optimal source–sink matching and prospective hub–cluster configurations for CO
2
capture and storage in India
Authors: Vishal Vikram , Singh Udayan , Bakshi Tuli , Chandra Debanjan , Verma Yashvardhan , Tiwari Ashwani Kumar
Published: September 2022

At COP26, India announced strong climate commitments of reaching net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2070. Meeting this target would likely require substantial deployment of CO
2
capture and storage (CCS) to decarbonize existing large-point sources of CO
2
. This study attempts to evaluate opportunities for deployment of CCS in India in the forthcoming decades. A geographic information system-based approach was adopted for mapping existing sources of CO
2
with the sinks. The results show that regionally-appropriate ways of moving towards CCS at scale exist in both the power and industrial sectors. Coupled analysis of these sectors with sinks shows that eight clusters may be developed throughout the country to sequester 403 Mt-CO
2
annually. These clusters are concentrated near Category-I oil basins and the Category-I coalfields (Damodar Valley), which may also create suitable financial incentives by incremental oil and coalbed methane recovery, respectively. Furthermore, a first-order costing analysis evaluates that the cost of avoidance across basins may range from –$31 to $107/t-CO
2
, depending on the type of storage reservoir and the proximity to large-point sources. A total of 12 suitable hubs and clusters were created based on annual emissions above 1 Mt-CO
2
of each large-point source and their proximity with geological sinks.
Spotting Flares: The Vital Signs of the Viral Spread of Tweets Made During Communal Incidents
Authors: Upadhyaya Apoorva , Chandra Joydeep
Published: September 2022

With the increasing use of Twitter for encouraging users to instigate violent behavior with hate and racial content, it becomes necessary to investigate the uniqueness in the dynamics of the spread of tweets made during violent communal incidents and the challenges they pose in early identification of potential viral content. In this article, we study the spread of the tweets made during several violent communal incidents along four major dimensions — the underlying follower network of the users, their structural and engagement characteristics, the cascades, and the cognitive aspects of the content, each of which plays a vital role in the spread of content. Using large public and collected data, we compare these features with tweets related to other subjects from several major domains, such as non-violent political events, celebrities, and technology, that contribute to a large fraction of the viral content over Twitter. We discover that while the spread of cascades and the users involved may provide strong early evidence of the viral content for several domains, the early phases of the spread of viral tweets related to violent communal incidents are characterized by cascades with protracted growth involving fringe or low-importance users, which would possibly make early prediction difficult. Our findings indicate that an interplay of certain network and cascade properties, together with the cognitive characteristics of tweets and the behavioral patterns of the engaging users, may provide stronger early indicators of the virality of this content.
The Duality of Arsenic Metabolism: Impact on Human Health
Authors: El-Ghiaty Mahmoud A. , El-Kadi Ayman O.S.
Published: September 2022

Arsenic is a naturally occurring hazardous element that is environmentally ubiquitous in various chemical forms. Upon exposure, the human body initiates an elimination pathway of progressive methylation into relatively less bioreactive and more easily excretable pentavalent methylated forms. Given its association with decreasing the internal burden of arsenic with ensuing attenuation of its related toxicities, biomethylation has been applauded for decades as a pure route of arsenic detoxification. However, the emergence of detectable trivalent species with profound toxicity has opened a long-standing debate regarding whether arsenic methylation is a detoxifying or bioactivating mechanism. In this review, we approach the topic of arsenic metabolism from both perspectives to create a complete picture of its potential role in the mitigation or aggravation of various arsenic-related pathologies.
Design of English Teaching Postcompetency Evaluation System Based on Data Mining and IoT
Authors: Yao Yanfei
Published: September 2022

Considering the unfortunate skill of English teaching posts, this paper advances the plan strategy for English teaching postcapability assessment framework in light of data mining, further develops the framework equipment arrangement, upgrades the activity cycle and capability of the framework programming, and builds the English teaching postability assessment framework. At long last, it is affirmed by tests. The English teaching postability assessment framework in view of data mining has high practicability during the time spent down to earth application and completely meets the examination necessities.
The Effects of Tai Chi on the Executive Functions and Physical Fitness in Middle-Aged Adults with Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Authors: Zhang Ligong , Wang Dongshi , Xie Chun , Liu Siwen , Chi Lin , Ma Xuezhi , Ren Fei-Fei
Published: September 2022

Objective. The present study examined the effects of Tai Chi exercise on the executive functions (EFs) and physical fitness of middle-aged adults with depression. Methods. A total of 39 middle-aged adults with depression (Mage = 50.59, SD = 7.38) were randomly assigned to the Tai Chi group (n = 20) or the waiting-list control group (n = 19). The Tai Chi group engaged in two 90 min sessions of Tai Chi exercise per week for 12 weeks; the waiting-list control group was asked to maintain their usual daily routines for 12 weeks. Depression symptoms, EFs (i.e., inhibitory control, planning, working memory, and cognitive flexibility), and physical fitness (i.e., cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, muscular endurance, power, and flexibility) were evaluated at the baseline (pretest), 6-week (mid-test), and 12-week (post-test) marks. Results. Both groups showed decreased depression symptoms over time. Compared with the control group, the Tai Chi group showed decreased reaction times for incongruent conditions in the Stroop test from pretest to mid- and post-test, and shorter reaction time for incongruent conditions in the Stroop test than the control group at post-test; the Tai Chi group performed significantly better than the control group in overall total move score of Tower of London (TOL). The Tai Chi group also showed increased total correct scores of TOL from pretest to mid- and post-test, and greater total correct scores of TOL than the control group at post-test. Additionally, results indicated that Tai Chi exercise comprehensively improved physical fitness from pretest to mid- and post-test. Greater performance in terms of cardiovascular fitness, muscular strength, and power was also found in the Tai Chi group at post-test than in the control group. Conclusions. These findings suggest that the 12-week Tai Chi exercise improved inhibitory control, planning and working memory aspects of executive functions, and physical fitness in middle-aged adults with depression.
Unicystic Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma: A Pitfall for Clinical and Pathologic Diagnosis
Authors: Wang Xi , Li Wei , Feng Yanrui , Liu Lingchao , He Huiying , Li Binbin
Published: September 2022

Unicystic mucoepidermoid carcinoma (UC-MEC) is a rare MEC variant, and its diagnosis is frequently problematic. This study is aimed at summarizing its clinicopathologic characteristics, treatment, and prognosis and proposing key points to avoid missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis in clinical and pathological conditions. This retrospective study included 30 UC-MEC cases, and the clinical findings were collected from the clinical medical records. Radiographic features, histologic behaviors, MAML2 rearrangement by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and follow-up data were analyzed. Moreover, glandular odontogenic cyst (GOC) and cytadenoma (CA) were used as controls. In the UC-MEC group, 19 patients were female (63%), and 11 were male (37%). The mean patient age was 39.5 (range, 7–72 years). The affected locations included the jaw (8 maxillary, 3 mandibular) and salivary glands (7 parotid, 11 palates, and 1 floor of the mouth). The chief complaint was swelling; the lesions were all cystic, among which 66.7% were well circumscribed and 33.3% poorly defined. Microscopic examination showed two UC-MEC histologic subtypes. Type A presented as a single cyst with mural thickening (8/30, 27%) lined predominantly by epidermoid cells with interspersed intermediate and mucinous cells, and type B (22/30, 73%) showed infiltrative tumor islands in the cystic wall or the surrounding tissue. FISH analysis suggested that approximately 66.7% of UC-MEC harbored a MAML2 rearrangement. During the median follow-up period of 42 months (range, 6–120 months), all type A patients and 68% of type B patients who underwent complete surgical resection lived without relapse. Seven cases with type B cancer that underwent curettage initially had local recurrence. Clinicians and pathologists hardly recognize UC-MEC owing to its cystic architecture. Specific epidermoid, mucous, and intermediate tumor cells, and MAML2 fusion testing, are essential to avoid potential diagnostic pitfalls. Prompting and completing resection surgery with negative margins would have a favorable prognosis.
A Study of Trends on Human-Machine Interface Design in Modern Vehicles
Authors: Lyu Jianan , Abdul Aziz Zalay , Mat Salleh Nor Syazwani Binti
Published: September 2022

This study aims to analyze the development trends of intelligent device interface improvements, specifically the car dashboards, by applying liquid crystal display technology. The methodology used in this study is mainly a comparison and analysis of the improvements that have been made. The objects in the study were several old version dashboards display instruments that were compared against the improved version of the LCDs. This paper analyses the requirements of car operators, with various proficiency for drivers’ information, in enhancing the modern car dashboards displays. Besides, this study further delves into ways through which instrument interface intelligently can be improved to adapt effectively to all kinds of drivers. This study also touches on an analytical view of information targeting drivers. This is a scientific technique to determine the extent of information needed from drivers in different circumstances by having precise or averaged information about the drivers; it is easier to integrate this information into the human interface that helps in these modern car operations. The results of the study show that the current LCD Dashboards are valuable, accurate, precise user friendly, and improved with integrated ICT pieces of equipment. This makes them much better than the older traditional systems of the car dashboards.
Phytotherapeutic Approach in the Management of Cisplatin Induced Vomiting; Neurochemical Considerations in Pigeon Vomit Model
Authors: Ullah Ihsan , Subhan Fazal , Shahid Muhammad , Ahmad Nisar , Shah Rehmat , Alam Javaid , Haq Ikram Ul , Ullah Rahim , Ayaz Muhammad , Murthy H. C. Ananda
Published: September 2022

Cisplatin induced vomiting involves multiple mechanisms in its genesis and a single antiemetic agent do not cover both the phases (acute & delayed) of vomiting in clinics; necessitating the use of antiemetics in combination. Cannabis sativa and other selected plants have ethnopharmacological significance in relieving emesis. The aim of the present study was to investigate the intrinsic antiemetic profile of Cannabis sativa (CS), Bacopa monniera (BM, family Scrophulariaceae), and Zingiber officinale (ZO, family Zingiberaceae) in combinations against vomiting induced by highly emetogenic anticancer drug-cisplatin in pigeons. We have analysed the neurotransmitters which trigger the vomiting response centrally and peripherally. Electrochemical detector (ECD) was used for the quantification of neurotransmitters and their respective metabolites by high performance liquid chromatography in the brain stem (BS) and area postrema (AP) while peripherally in the small intestine. Cisplatin (7 mg/kg i.v.) induced reliable vomiting throughout the observation period (24 hrs). CS-HexFr (10 mg) + BM-MetFr (10 mg)–Combination 1, BM-ButFr (5 mg) + ZO-ActFr (25 mg)–Combination 2, ZO-ActFr (25 mg) + CS-HexFr (10 mg)–Combination 3, and CS-HexFr (10 mg) + BM-ButFr (5 mg)–Combination 4; provided ~30% (

30
±
1.1

), 70% (

12
±
0.4

;

P
<
0.01

), 60% (

19
±
0.2

;

P
<
0.05

) and 90% (

05
±
0.1

;

P
<
0.001

) protection, respectively, against cisplatin induced vomiting as compared to cisplatin control. Standard MCP (30 mg) provided ~50% (

23
±
0.3

) protection (

P
>
0.05

). CS Hexane fraction (

10
 
mg
/
kg

), BM methanolic (

10
 
mg
/
kg

) and bacoside rich

n

-butanol fraction (

5
 
mg
/
kg

) and ZO acetone fraction (

25
 
mg
/
kg

) alone provided ~62%, 36%, 71%, and 44% protection, respectively, as compared to cisplatin control. The most effective and synergistic combination 4 was found to reduce 5HT and 5HIAA (

P
<
0.05
–
0.001

) in all the brain areas area postrema (AP)+brain stem (BS) and intestine at the 3rd hour of cisplatin administration. In continuation, at the 18th of cisplatin administration reduction in dopamine (

P
<
0.001

) in the AP and 5HT in the brain stem and intestine (

P
<
0.001

) was observed. The said combination did not change the neurotransmitters basal levels and their respective metabolites any significantly. In conclusion, all the tested combinations offered protection against cisplatin induced vomiting to variable degrees, where combination 4 provided enhanced attenuation by antiserotonergic mechanism at the 3rd hour while a blended antidopaminergic and antiserotonergic mechanism at the 18th hour after cisplatin administration.
Effect of Atropine Eye Drops Combined with VR-Based Binocular Visual Function Balance Training for Prevention and Control of Juvenile Myopia
Authors: Shi Yuping
Published: September 2022

Purpose. This study mainly analyzes the efficacy of 0.01% atropine eye drops (low-dose atropine (LDA)) combined with virtual reality (VR)-based binocular visual function (BVF) balance training in the prevention and control of juvenile myopia. Methods. One hundred and thirty-six juvenile myopia patients admitted between November 2018 to November 2021 were selected, including 76 cases (research group) receiving LDA + VR-based BVF balance training and 60 cases (control group) treated by LDA intervention alone. Visual acuity (VA; naked vision), ocular parameters (pupil diameter (PD), axial length (AXL), and diopter), intraocular pressure (IOP), accommodation facility, clinical efficacy, and incidence of adverse reactions were observed, compared, and analyzed in both groups. Results. After analysis, it was found that the research group showed significantly higher naked vision and PD while statistically lower D after intervention than the corresponding preinterventional parameters than the control group. While AXL showed no statistical difference between the groups and within groups. The IOP also differed insignificantly between groups, but the post-treatment accommodation facility was better in the research group compared with the baseline (before treatment) and control group. In terms of curative effects, an obviously higher total effective rate was determined in the research group. In addition, the two groups showed no significant difference in the incidence of adverse reactions. Conclusions. LDA + VR-based BVF balance training deserves clinical popularization, as it can prevent and control myopia among teenagers, with better adjusting effects on eye function and certain safety.
Voice Recognition Control System Based on Cloud Computing and IoT Sensors
Authors: Song Xueya , Sun Shengchao
Published: September 2022

In order to meet the increasing demand for accuracy, stability, and response speed of the voice recognition function of smart home products, the author proposes a smart home voice control system scheme based on the use of smart home Internet gateways to complete remote voice control and environmental monitoring tasks. This method firstly tests the existing home appliance network of the smart home voice control system to verify the feasibility of the author’s design. Then, the voice recognition task is transferred to the cloud server, and the smart home Internet gateway only needs to perform data upload, command execution, and protocol analysis. Then, the test set tests the speech enhancement algorithm in the Aishell library. Experimental results show that the processing speed of the voice enhancement method designed by the author is much higher than that of DNN-noise classification, and its processing speed can reach 0.179 s, which is more suitable as a voice enhancement method for smart home voice control systems. Using this method for voice recognition control can meet the increasing demands of the voice recognition function of smart home products for accuracy, stability, and response speed and make people’s lives more convenient and comfortable.
Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Three-Dimensional Visualized Medical Techniques Hepatectomy for Liver Cancer with and without the Treatment of Sorafenib
Authors: Zeng Lei , Zhu Yuming , Guo Peng
Published: September 2022

Background. The application of medical image three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction technology can provide intuitive 3D image data support for accurate preoperative evaluation, surgical planning, and operation safety. However, there is still a lack of high-quality evidence to support whether 3D reconstruction technology is more advantageous in liver resection. Therefore, this study systematically evaluated the clinical effects of 3D reconstruction and two-dimensional (2D) image-assisted hepatectomy. Methods. Databases were searched to collect published clinical studies on 3D reconstruction technology and 2D image-assisted liver resection. Data were extracted from the database construction to March 2022 and the risk of bias in the included studies was evaluated. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan5.3 software. Results. A total of 13 clinical studies were included, including 1616 patients, 795 in the 2D group and 819 in the 3D group. The meta-analysis showed that the incidence of postoperative complications was lower in the 3D group than in the 2D group (OR = 0.64, 95% CI = 0.49–0.83,

P
=
0.001

) and also reduced operation time (SMD = −0.51, 95% CI = −0.74∼−0.27,

P
<
0.0001

), decreased intraoperative blood loss (SMD = −63.85, 95% CI = −98.66–29.04,

P
=
0.0003

), decreased incidence of postoperative liver failure (OR = 2.42, 95% CI = 0.99–5.95,

P
=
0.05

), decreased postoperative recurrence rate (OR = 0.29, 95% CI = 0.16–0.53,

P
<
0.0001

), and increased postoperative survival rate (OR = 2.19, 95% CI = 1.49–3.23,

P
<
0.0001

). Conclusions. Current data suggest that 3D reconstruction-assisted hepatectomy can reduce intraoperative blood loss, postoperative complications, and recurrence, and improve postoperative survival. Therefore, the 3D reconstruction technique is worthy of application and promotion in assisted liver resection.
Research on the Construction of Urban Leisure Physical Culture Healthy Big Data Service Platform Based on In-Depth Learning
Authors: Yuan Jifang , Chen Jianguo
Published: September 2022

The national fitness service system must focus on meeting the sports needs of residents, innovate the construction mode of urban leisure sports big data service platform, and promote the construction of urban leisure sports health big data service platform. The healthy development of urban leisure sports should also adhere to the principles of demand orientation and problem awareness. Big data is an industry with urban leisure and sports health as its core data. It is a production process that continues to cycle in the life cycle of big data. Therefore, this paper uses in-depth learning to study the construction of big data service platform for urban leisure sports health. The in-depth learning improvement project is an expert team organized by the urban leisure sports health basic textbook development center of the Ministry of education. The data revolution driven by deep learning examined the value of data, conquered the data ocean, and created a new era of personalized medicine in the fields of urban leisure, sports, and health. On the basis of in-depth learning, this paper constructs a big data service platform for urban leisure sports health. On the one hand, the establishment of this platform will help to speed up the construction process of sports service informatization and the reform of various fields of sports, on the other hand, it will help to promote the improvement of the physical quality of the whole people.
Simulation of Video Image Fault Tolerant Coding Transmission in Digital Multimedia
Authors: Li Feng
Published: September 2022

In order to effectively improve the quality of video image transmission, this paper proposes a method of digital multimedia video image coding. The transmission of digital multimedia video image fault-tolerant coding requires sparse decomposition of a digital multimedia video image to obtain the linear form of the image and complete the transmission of video image fault-tolerant coding. The traditional method of fault-tolerant coding is based on human visual characteristics but ignores the linear form of the digital multimedia video image, which leads to the unsatisfactory effect of coding and transmission. In this paper, a fault-tolerant coding method based on wavelet transform and vector quantization is proposed to decompose and reconstruct digital multimedia video images. The smoothness of wavelet transform can remove visual redundancy; the decomposed image is vector quantized. The mean square deviation method and the similar scalar optimal quantization method are used to select and calculate the image vector, construct the over complete database of a digital multimedia video image, and normalize it; the digital multimedia video image is thinly decomposed by asymmetric atoms, and a linear representation of the image is obtained. According to the above-given operations, we can master the distribution range and law of pixels and realize fault-tolerant coding. The experimental results show that when the number of iterations is 15, the CR index is the same, PSNR increases by 8.7%, coding is 23.7% faster and decoding is 15% faster. Conclusion. The proposed method can not only improve the speed of fault-tolerant coding but also improve the quality of video image transmission.