bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Vladimir Kozák: as amizades de um lobo solitário
Authors: Benetti Rosalice Carriel
Published: April 2016

Vladimir Kozák é um imigrante tcheco que veio para o Brasil em 1924. Trata-se de um nome significativo para estudiosos dos indígenas brasileiros. No entanto, sua trajetória como pesquisador é praticamente desconhecida no país e pouco se sabe sobre sua vida pessoal, suas relações de amizade, seus desejos e interesses. Qualificá-lo como engenheiro, fotógrafo, cineasta, artista ou mesmo etnólogo é pouco esclarecedor, pois era uma figura multifacetada que sempre esteve envolvida simultaneamente em diversas atividades. Esta pesquisa apoia-se, no estudo do seu arquivo pessoal, com ênfase na documentação epistolar. Analisamos a prática epistolar de Vladimir Kozák buscando interpretar as redes de amizade e os sentimentos que uniram essas pessoas. A amizade é observada como uma relação humana capaz de romper distâncias e ampliar horizontes, consolidando um espaço de conversação franca e de troca cultural e pessoal. Observamos as cartas como forma íntima de comunicação que possibilitam a exposição de ideias e trocas de experiência entre os correspondentes e amigos, que permite pensar as relações de amizade como formas de sentir e de agir que aproximam homens e mulheres.
A incrível história da fundação da Universidade do Paraná
Authors: Carmo José Henrique
Published: April 2016

A incrível história da fundação da Universidade do Paraná
OLIVEIRA, Ricardo Costa de. Na teia do nepotismo – sociologia política das relações de parentesco e poder político no Paraná e no Brasil. Curitiba: Editora Insight, 2012. 271 páginas.
Authors: Valenciano Tiago
Published: April 2016

OLIVEIRA, Ricardo Costa de. Na teia do nepotismo – sociologia política das relações de parentesco e poder político no Paraná e no Brasil. Curitiba: Editora Insight, 2012. 271 páginas.
VANALI, Ana Crhistina. A Erva-mate e a política paranaense: análise da legislação provincial para a economia ervateira (1854-1889). Curitiba: Instituto Memória, 2013. 98 p.
Authors: Granato Natália Cristina
Published: April 2016

VANALI, Ana Crhistina. A Erva-mate e a política paranaense: análise da legislação provincial para a economia ervateira (1854-1889). Curitiba: Instituto Memória, 2013. 98 p.
Questões sobre o ‘morar’: Moradias de Cortiço e o caso de Curitiba
Authors: Lino Marcela
Published: April 2016

Trabalho de mestrado sob a orinetação de Maria Tarcisa da Silva Bega
Patrimonialismo, tecnoburocracia e neoliberalismo: a reforma do Estado no governo Jaime Lerner (1995-2002)
Authors: Mauch Walter Luiz
Published: April 2016

Trabalho de mestrado sob a orientação de Ricardo Costa de Oliveira
Grupos políticos dominantes e políticas públicas: um estudo sobre o corpo administrativo da Companhia de Saneamento do Paraná (SANEPAR) entre 2003-2004
Authors: Oliveira Marcus Roberto de
Published: April 2016

Trabalho de doutorado sob a orientação de Ricardo Costa de Oliveira
Raposas e outsiders no futebol paranaense: um estudo sobre relações de poder e genealogia
Authors: Laibida Luis Demetrio Jans
Published: April 2016

Trabalho de doutorado sob a orientação de Ricardo Costa de Oliveira
Uma história de duas cidades: trajetória e vida de Abdon Baptista
Authors: Barbosa Marco Aurélio
Published: April 2016

Este trabalho pretende tratar da trajetória de vida de Abdon Baptista, que foi Médico, Jornalista e Político, nascido na Bahia no ano de 1852, tornando-se figura notória em Joinville, Santa Catarina.        Sua trajetória é complexa e reúne um conjunto exuberante de estratagemas, que levaram à sua ascensão política e social, de descendente de ex-escravos a Prefeito de Joinville, Senador e Vice-Governador de Santa Catarina em 1905. Ao reconstituir a trajetória para ascensão desta figura notável, vê-se como ele se reinventa, acumula capitais sociais ao tornar-se médico, se afirma em meio à nova fronteira do Norte Catarinense, adentra a teia de relações de poder deste universo, através da inserção em uma família da tradicional oligarquia local e mesmo funda-se como importante personalidade no momento de transição em que se afiguram diversos eventos importantes para o Brasil e o mundo, entre os anos de 1880 até 1922, data de seu falecimento.
Elementos decisivos na construção da posição e ação política de Roberto Requião de Mello e Silva, de Daiane Carnelos Resende
Authors: Cordova Maria Julieta Weber
Published: April 2016

Dissertação de autoria de Daiane Carnelos Resende, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da UFPR, em 2007, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Costa de Oliveira. Versão completa disponível na Biblioteca Digital da UFPR - http://www.pgsocio.ufpr.br/docs/defesa/dissertacoes/2007/daiane.pdf
Representação Teatral: Assembleia Legislativa do Estado do Paraná. Institucionalismo e Vetos, de Luiz Demétrio Janz Laibida
Authors: Silva Rafael Egidio Leal e
Published: April 2016

Dissertação de autoria de Luiz Demetrio Janz Laibida, defendida no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Sociologia da UFPR, na linha Sociedade e Estado, em 2007, sob orientação do Prof. Dr. Ricardo Costa de Oliveira. Versão completa disponível na Biblioteca Digital da UFPR - http://www.pgsocio.ufpr.br/docs/defesa/dissertacoes/2007/luiz-demetrio.pdf
CORRÊA, Amélia Siegel. Alfredo Andersen: Retratos e paisagens de um norueguês caboclo. São Paulo: Alameda Casa Editorial, 2014. 305 p.
Authors: Rigitano Isaura
Published: April 2016

CORRÊA, Amélia Siegel. Alfredo Andersen: Retratos e paisagens de um norueguês caboclo. São Paulo: Alameda Casa Editorial, 2014. 305 p.
DOSSIÊ NEP: PESQUISAS EM ANDAMENTO
Authors: Vanali Ana Crhistina
Published: April 2016

Editorial
Laparoscopic Nephroureterectomy is Associated with Higher Risk of Adverse Events compared to Laparoscopic Radical Nephrectomy
Authors: Bastiampillai Ravin , Lavallée Luke T. , Cnossen Sonya , Witiuk Kelsey , Mallick Ranjeeta , Fergusson Dean A. , Schramm David , Morash Chris , Cagiannos Ilias , Breau Rodney
Published: April 2016

Background: Laparoscopic radical nephrectomy (LRN) and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy (LNU) are similar procedures and some surgeons may counsel both patients groups the same regarding peri-operative risks. The objective of this study is to compare complications following LRN and LNU.

Patients and methods: A historical cohort of patients who received LRN or LNU between 2006 and 2012 was reviewed from the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database. Patient and surgical characteristics, and outcomes up to 30-days post-operative were abstracted. Univariable and multivariable associations between procedure (LRN or LNU) and any adverse event were determined.

Results: During the study period, 4904 patients met inclusion criteria. Of these, 4159 (85%) received a LRN while 745 (15%) received a LNU. LNU was associated with more complications than LRN (21% vs. 12%, respectively, p-value <0.01). The most common complications for LNU vs. LRN, respectively, were: bleeding requiring blood transfusion (9.0% vs. 6.0%), urinary tract infection (4.6% vs. 1.5%), wound infection (1.3% vs. 1.8%), and unplanned intubation (2.3% vs. 0.9%). On multivariable analysis, LNU was associated with higher risk of any complication compared to LRN (RR 1.41, 95% CI 1.16-1.72).  

Conclusions: Post-operative complications within 30 days of surgery are common after LNU and LRN. Despite having technical similarities, LNU carries a significantly higher risk of short-term complications compared to LRN. This information should be considered when counseling patients prior to surgery.
CAPRA-S predicts outcome for adjuvant and salvage EBRT after radical prostatectomy
Authors: Zimmermann Michel , Delouya Guila , Alenizi Abdullah M. , Rajih Emad , Zorn Kevin C. , Taussky Daniel
Published: April 2016

Introduction: We aimed to evaluate the predictive value of the Cancer of the Prostate Risk Assessment Postsurgical Score (CAPRA-S) for patients treated with radical prostatectomy followed by subsequent external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Methods: A total of 373 patients treated with EBRT between January 2000 and June 2015 were identified in the institutional database. Followup and complete CAPRA-S score were available for 334 (89.5%) patients. CAPRA-S scores were sorted into previously defined categories of low- (score 0‒2), intermediate- (3‒5), and high-risk (6‒12). Time to biochemical recurrence (BCR) was defined as prostate-specific antigen (PSA) >0.20 ng/mL after EBRT. Survival analyses were performed using the Kaplan-Meier method and comparisons were made using the log-rank test.

Results: Overall median time from surgery to EBRT was 18 months (interquartile range [IQR] 8‒36) and median followup since EBRT was 48 months (IQR 28‒78). CAPRA-S predicted time to BCR (<0.001), time to palliative androgen-deprivation therapy (ADT) (p=0.017), and a trend for significantly predicting overall survival (OS, p=0.058). On multivariate analysis, the CAPRA-S was predictive of time to BCR only (low-risk vs. intermediate-risk; hazard ratio [HR] 0.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.043‒0.48, p=0.001). The last PSA measurement before EBRT as a continuous and grouped variable proved highly significant in predicting all outcomes tested, including OS (p≤0.002).

Conclusions: CAPRA-S predicts time to BCR and freedom from palliative ADT, and is borderline significant for OS. Together with the PSA before EBRT, CAPRA-S is a useful, predictive tool. The main limitation of this study is its retrospective design.
Multivariate Analysis Results on a Questionnaire Investigation for Rare Sugars
Authors: Ishii Yasuo , Takeyasu Hiromasa , Takeyasu Daisuke , Takeyasu Kazuhiro
Published: April 2016

The Rare Sugars exist naturally and have many kinds (more than 50). They have good effect for health such as prevention of increasing the blood-sugar level after eating, suppression of fat accumulation, suppression of increasing the blood pressure, and anti-oxidative effect etc. It is in the spotlight for many people especially for those who are in the metabolic syndrome. There are few related papers concerning the marketing research and its utilization of this matter. In this paper, a questionnaire investigation is executed in order to clarify consumers’ current condition and their consciousness, and to seek the possibility of utilizing the Rare Sugars. Such multivariate analysis as Factor Analysis and Multi Correspondence Analysis are executed based on that. Some interesting and instructive results were obtained.
Dietary Sources of Calcium, Vitamin D, and the Pattern of Dairy Products Consumption in Five Ethnic Groups in the United States
Authors: Sharma Sangita
Published: April 2016

The objective of this study was to describe dietary sources of calcium and vitamin D among five ethnic groups in the United States. Cross-sectional dietary data were collected using a quantitative food frequency questionnaire from 186,916 participants in the Multiethnic cohort representing five ethnic groups (African American, Latino, Japanese American, Native Hawaiian, and Caucasian), aged 45-75 years living in Los Angeles County and the state of Hawaii between 1993 and 1996. Nutrient intakes for calcium and vitamin D were analyzed based on a unique food composition table which was extended and adapted from the USDA food composition database. Dairy products were the greatest contributor to calcium intake in all groups, but the percent contribution varied considerably between ethnic sex groups from 18.6% (Japanese American men) to 37.8% (Caucasian women). Dairy products were also the greatest contributors to vitamin D intake among all ethnic-sex groups except Native Hawaiian and Japanese American men, for whom fish was the top contributor (40.7 and 42.5% respectively). Low-fat milk was the top source (16.0-21.9%) of dairy products in all ethnic-sex groups except Japanese American men and women and Caucasian women. The data identified dietary sources that can be targeted by nutrition intervention programs and dietitians working with ethnic/racial populations at high risk of inadequate intake of calcium and vitamin D.
Effect of Water Content in Extraction Mixture on the Pressurized Liquid Extraction Efficiency—Stability of Quercetin 4′-Glucoside During Extraction from Onions
Authors: Wianowska Dorota , Dawidowicz Andrzej L
Published: April 2016

Pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) is considered as an effective and quick sample preparation method, especially in plant analysis. This quick extraction process favors the isolation of compounds for which long exposure time in high temperatures is undesirable. However, despite this advantage, the application of PLE for plant compounds extraction involves certain problems, such as instability of the compounds. The obtained data proved that even in short-lasting PLE, quercetin 4′-glucoside undergoing the hydrolytical degradation process produces the corresponding aglycon quercetin when water is a component of the applied extractant. The increase of water content in methanol–water extractant mixture heightens the transformation degree of quercetin 4′-glucoside into quercetin and increases its concentration in the PLE extracts. The degradation is accelerated by increased extraction temperature and time. In plant samples, the degradation of quercetin 4′-glucoside is much higher because of the plant matrix effects. The presented results explain why extraction of quercetin from plants by pure methanol is less efficient than by water containing alcohol solutions. More importantly, they prove that the application of water–alcohol extractant during sample preparation leads to the hydrolytical degradation of glycosides to aglycones, and, as a consequence, to false conclusions in plant analysis.
Gluten Quantitation in Cosmetic Products by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
Authors: Sharma Girdhari M , Rallabhandi Prasad , Williams Kristina M , Herrmann Michelle , Sadrieh Nakissa
Published: April 2016

The “gluten-free” final rule, published by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013, is intended to provide safe food choices for people suffering from celiac disease. This final rule is not applicable for cosmetic products. As a result, analytical methods for gluten estimation in cosmetics are warranted to aid in the determination of the presence of gluten in these products. A survey of 36 cosmetic products was conducted to measure gluten content by three different ELISAs. None of the nine gluten-free–labeled cosmetics included detectable gluten. The gluten content in six cosmetics was 15.2–1453.5 ppm by one competitive ELISA, whereas three cosmetics contained 11.7–572.3 ppm gluten when quantitated with two sandwich ELISAs. Gluten or hydrolyzed wheat protein was found as an ingredient in five cosmetics with detectable gluten levels. A poor recovery of gluten was observed for most of the cosmetics in the foundation/blush/powder category by ELISA kits. This finding warrants a need for improved analytical methods for gluten estimation in cosmetics.
Improvements in HIV treatment outcomes among indigenous and non‐indigenous people who use illicit drugs in a Canadian setting
Authors: Milloy M‐J , King Alexandra , Kerr Thomas , Adams Evan , Samji Hasina , Guillemi Silvia , Wood Evan , Montaner Julio
Published: April 2016

Introduction

In many settings worldwide, members of indigenous groups experience a disproportionate burden of HIV. In Canada, there is an urgent need to improve HIV treatment outcomes for indigenous people living with HIV (IPLWH), to not only reduce HIV/AIDS‐associated morbidity and mortality but also curb elevated rates of viral transmission. Thus, by comparing indigenous and non‐indigenous participants in an ongoing longitudinal cohort of HIV‐positive people who use illicit drugs, we sought to investigate longitudinal changes in three HIV treatment indicators for IPLWH who use illicit drugs during a community‐wide treatment‐as‐prevention (TasP) initiative in British Columbia, Canada.

Methods

We used data from the ACCESS study, an ongoing observational prospective cohort of HIV‐positive illicit drug users recruited from community settings in Vancouver, British Columbia. Cohort data are linked to comprehensive retrospective and prospective clinical records in a setting of no‐cost HIV/AIDS treatment and care. We used multivariable generalized estimating equations (GEE) to evaluate longitudinal changes in the proportion of participants with exposure to antiretroviral therapy (ART) in the previous 180 days, optimal adherence to ART (i.e. ≥95% vs. <95%) and non‐detectable HIV‐1 RNA viral load (VL <50 copies/mL plasma).

Results

Between 2005 and 2014, 845 individuals were recruited, including 326 (39%) self‐reporting any indigenous ancestry, and contributed 6732 interviews and 13,495 VL measurements. Among indigenous participants, the proportion with recent ART increased from 51 to 94% and non‐detectable VL from 23 to 65%. In multivariable models, later interview period was positively associated with recent ART (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.16 per interview period, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.11 to 1.20) and non‐detectable VL (AOR=1.07, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.10). In adjusted models comparing indigenous and non‐indigenous participants, we did not observe differences between the two groups (all p>0.1).

Conclusions

In this large and long‐term study involving community‐recruited HIV‐positive illicit drug users, we observed a substantial and increasing proportion of indigenous participants reach several important thresholds in HIV care at rates indistinguishable from non‐indigenous participants. The current findings highlight the important role of TasP on vulnerable populations in this setting and contribute to the evidence base supporting the immediate scale‐up of ART to address HIV/AIDS‐associated morbidity, mortality and viral transmission.
The productivity of ‘unnatural’ labial palatalization in Xhosa
Authors: Bennett Wm. G. , Braver Aaron
Published: April 2016

Xhosa (Bantu, South Africa) has a pattern of labial palatalization.  When the passive suffix /-w-/ is added to a stem ending in a labial, the labial becomes palatal (uku-lum-a → uku-luɲ-w-a).  Two main types of analysis have been proposed for this alternation: (i) the ‘phonological analysis’, which states that the alternation is part of speakers' synchronic phonological grammar, and (ii) the ‘lexical analysis’, which states that speakers learn the palatalized passive forms as part of their lexical knowledge.         To distinguish between the two hypotheses, we conducted a wug test in which speakers of Xhosa were shown nonce verbs and asked to provide their corresponding passive form.  Since the phonological analysis requires there to be a synchronic phonological rule, speakers should passivize nonce forms in the conditioning environment.  Under the lexical analysis, however, speakers are predicted not to palatalize nonce forms, since the real-word palatalized passives they produce are simply stored in the lexicon.         Our results show a great deal of inter-speaker variation.  While some speakers produced palatalized nonce forms nearly 100% of the time, other speakers failed to produce any palatalized nonce forms at all.  We argue that labial palatalization may be analyzed in different ways by different speakers.
Dependence of polarity inversion on V/III ratio in −c-GaN growth by oxide vapor phase epitaxy
Authors: Taniyama Yuki , Yamaguchi Yohei , Takatsu Hiroaki , Sumi Tomoaki , Kitamoto Akira , Imade Mamoru , Yoshimura Masashi , Isemura Masashi , Mori Yusuke
Published: April 2016

One of the issues in bulk c-GaN growth is the decrease in the diameter of crystals with an increase in thickness owing to the appearance of inclined

and

facets. In this study, we performed −c-GaN growth by oxide vapor phase epitaxy (OVPE). As a result, truncated-inverted-pyramidal crystals were successfully grown on dot-patterned −c-GaN substrates. The diameter of the top surface of crystals was larger than that of windows. We further investigated the dependence of the ratio of inversion-domain area to growth area (R
ID) on growth temperature, V/III ratio, and growth rate. The remained results revealed that R
ID decreased with increasing growth temperature and V/III ratio, and kept constant for growth rate. Additionally, an epitaxial layer on −c-GaN substrates with a growth rate of 12.4 µm/h and an R
ID as low as 3.8% was obtained under an NH3 partial pressure (P
NH3) of 83 kPa at 1200 °C.
Characterization of dislocations in GaN layer grown on 4-inch Si(111) with AlGaN/AlN strained layer superlattices
Authors: Sugawara Yoshihiro , Ishikawa Yukari , Watanabe Arata , Miyoshi Makoto , Egawa Takashi
Published: April 2016

Dislocations in a GaN layer grown on 4-in. Si(111) with AlGaN/AlN strained layer superlattices using a horizontal metal–organic chemical vapor deposition system were characterized by transmission electron microscopy and scanning transmission electron microscopy. Pure screw dislocations were not found in the observed area but mixed and edge dislocations were found. The dislocation density in the GaN layer decreased from the bottom (∼2 × 1010 cm−2) to the top (∼6 × 109 cm−2). Some dislocations were inclined from the c-axis, and half-loop dislocations were observed in the GaN layer. Plan-view weak-beam dark-field analysis indicated that the dislocation inclination was caused by climb and glide motions.
Convection patterns and temperature fields of ammonothermal GaN bulk crystal growth process
Authors: Masuda Yoshio , Sato Osamu , Tomida Daisuke , Yokoyama Chiaki
Published: April 2016

The natural convection heat transfer in an ammonothermal process for growing GaN bulk single crystals has been examined numerically. We consider only one crystal to simplify the calculation and discuss the relationship between convection patterns and temperature fields. Two types of convection patterns are observed owing to the difference in the crystal radius. When the convection pattern is transformed, the crystal surface temperature decreases as the crystal radius increases.
Low-temperature (≥400 °C) growth of InN by metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy using an NH3 decomposition catalyst
Authors: Yamamoto Akio , Kodama Kazuki , Shigekawa Naoteru , Matsuoka Takashi , Kuzuhara Masaaki
Published: April 2016

In this paper, we report the metalorganic vapor phase epitaxial (MOVPE) growth of InN using a NiO-based pellet-type NH3 decomposition catalyst. The use of the catalyst significantly changes the growth behavior of InN, which is dependent on the growth temperature (T
g). Continuous InN films without the incorporation of metallic In and a cubic phase are grown at T
g = 400–480 °C. An InN film grown at T
g ≈ 450 °C has a full-width at half maximum (FWHM) of 376 arcsec in the X-ray rocking curve for InN(0002) reflection. At T
g ≥ 500 °C, the deposition rate of InN rapidly decreases and the deposited films become discontinuous with large (ca. 1 µm) pyramidal grains of InN. Depositions are scarcely obtained at T
g ≥ 600 °C. Such changes in the growth behavior of InN are governed by the NH3 decomposition.
Old maids have more appeal: effects of age and pheromone source on mate attraction in an orb-web spider
Authors: Cory Anna-Lena , Schneider Jutta M.
Published: April 2016

Background.In many insects and spider species, females attract males with volatile sex pheromones, but we know surprisingly little about the costs and benefits of female pheromone emission. Here, we test the hypothesis that mate attraction by females is dynamic and strategic in the sense that investment in mate attraction is matched to the needs of the female. We use the orb-web spiderArgiope bruennichiin which females risk the production of unfertilised egg clutches if they do not receive a copulation within a certain time-frame.

Methods.We designed field experiments to compare mate attraction by recently matured (young) females with females close to oviposition (old). In addition, we experimentally separated the potential sources of pheromone transmission, namely the female body and the web silk.

Results.In accordance with the hypothesis of strategic pheromone production, the probability of mate attraction and the number of males attracted differed between age classes. While the bodies and webs of young females were hardly found by males, the majority of old females attracted up to two males within two hours. Old females not only increased pheromone emission from their bodies but also from their webs. Capture webs alone spun by old females were significantly more efficient in attracting males than webs of younger females.

Discussion.Our results suggest that females modulate their investment in signalling according to the risk of remaining unmated and that they thereby economize on the costs associated with pheromone production and emission.
Association of the receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) gene polymorphisms in Malaysian patients with chronic kidney disease
Authors: Wong Foo Nian , Chua Kek Heng , Kuppusamy Umah Rani , Wong Chew Ming , Lim Soo Kun , Tan Jin Ai Mary Anne
Published: April 2016

Background:Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a condition associated with progressive loss of kidney function and kidney damage. The two common causes of CKD are diabetes mellitus and hypertension. Other causes of CKD also include polycystic kidney disease, obstructive uropathy and primary glomerulonephritis. The receptor for advanced glycation end-products (RAGE) is a multi-ligand cell surface receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily and it has been associated with kidney disease in both non-diabetic and diabetic patients. Presently, data on the association between RAGE polymorphisms and CKD in the Malaysian population is limited, while numerous studies have reported associations of RAGE polymorphisms with diabetic complications in other populations. The present study aims to explore the possibility of using RAGE polymorphisms as candidate markers of CKD in Malaysian population by using association analysis.

Methods:A total of 102 non-diabetic CKD patients, 204 diabetic CKD patients and 345 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. DNA isolated from blood samples were subjected to genotyping of RAGE G82S, −374T/A, −429T/C, 1704G/T and 2184A/G polymorphisms using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The 63-bp deletion, a polymorphism in the RAGE gene promoter, was genotyped using conventional PCR method and visualized using agarose gel electrophoresis. The collective frequencies of genotypes with at least one copy of the minor alleles of the four polymorphisms were compared between the non-diabetic CKD patients, diabetic CKD patients and healthy controls.

Results:After adjustment of age, gender and ethnic groups in binary logistic regression analysis, the G82S CT + TT genotypes were associated with non-diabetic CKD patients when compared with diabetic CKD patients (p= 0.015, OR = 1.896, 95% CI = 1.132–3.176). After further adjustment of CKD comorbidities, the G82S CT + TT genotypes were still associated with non-diabetic CKD patients when compared with diabetic CKD patients (p= 0.011, OR = 2.024, 95% CI = 1.178–3.476). However, it cannot be suggested that G82S polymorphism was associated with CKD in non-diabetic patients in this study. This is because there were no significant differences in the frequencies of G82S CT + TT genotypes between non-diabetic CKD patients and healthy controls. In addition, the RAGE −374T/A, −429T/C, 1704G/T, 2184A/G and 63-bp deletion polymorphisms were also not associated with non-diabetic CKD patients and diabetic CKD patients in this study.

Conclusion:The G82S, −374T/A, −429T/C, 1704G/T, 2184A/G and 63-bp deletion polymorphisms examined in this study were not associated with chronic kidney disease in the Malaysian patients.
Phylogenetic species delimitation for crayfishes of the genusPacifastacus
Authors: Larson Eric R. , Castelin Magalie , Williams Bronwyn W. , Olden Julian D. , Abbott Cathryn L.
Published: April 2016

Molecular genetic approaches are playing an increasing role in conservation science by identifying biodiversity that may not be evident by morphology-based taxonomy and systematics. So-called cryptic species are particularly prevalent in freshwater environments, where isolation of dispersal-limited species, such as crayfishes, within dendritic river networks often gives rise to high intra- and inter-specific genetic divergence. We apply here a multi-gene molecular approach to investigate relationships among extant species of the crayfish genusPacifastacus, representing the first comprehensive phylogenetic study of this taxonomic group. Importantly,Pacifastacusincludes both the widely invasive signal crayfishPacifastacus leniusculus,as well as several species of conservation concern like the Shasta crayfishPacifastacus fortis. Our analysis used 83 individuals sampled across the four extantPacifastacusspecies (omitting the extinctPacifastacus nigrescens), representing the known taxonomic diversity and geographic distributions within this genus as comprehensively as possible. We reconstructed phylogenetic trees from mitochondrial (16S, COI) and nuclear genes (GAPDH), both separately and using a combined or concatenated dataset, and performed several species delimitation analyses (PTP, ABGD, GMYC) on the COI phylogeny to propose Primary Species Hypotheses (PSHs) within the genus. All phylogenies recovered the genusPacifastacusas monophyletic, within which we identified a range of six to 21 PSHs; more abundant PSHs delimitations from GMYC and ABGD were always nested within PSHs delimited by the more conservative PTP method.Pacifastacus leniusculusincluded the majority of PSHs and was not monophyletic relative to the otherPacifastacusspecies considered. Several of these highly distinctP. leniusculusPSHs likely require urgent conservation attention. Our results identify research needs and conservation priorities forPacifastacuscrayfishes in western North America, and may inform better understanding and management ofP. leniusculusin regions where it is invasive, such as Europe and Japan.
The TBK1‐binding domain of optineurin promotes type I interferon responses
Authors: Meena Netra Pal , Zhu Guozhi , Mittelstadt Paul R. , Giardino Torchia Maria Letizia , Pourcelot Marie , Arnoult Damien , Ashwell Jonathan D. , Munitic Ivana
Published: April 2016

Pathogen‐associated molecular pattern (PAMP) recognition leads to TANK‐binding kinase (TBK1) polyubiquitination and activation by transautophosphorylation, resulting in IFN‐β production. Here, we describe a mouse model of optineurin insufficiency (OptnΔ157) in which the TBK1‐interacting N‐terminus of optineurin was deleted. PAMP‐stimulated cells from OptnΔ157 mice had reduced TBK1 activity, no phosphorylation of optineurin Ser187, and mounted low IFN‐β responses. In contrast to pull‐down assays where the presence of N‐terminus was sufficient for TBK1 binding, both the N‐terminal and the ubiquitin‐binding regions of optineurin were needed for PAMP‐induced binding. This report establishes optineurin as a positive regulator TBK1 via a bipartite interaction between these molecules.
Observation of an MHD Alfvén vortex in the slow solar wind
Authors: Roberts O. W. , Li X. , Alexandrova O. , Li B.
Published: April 2016

In the solar wind, magnetic field power spectra usually show several power laws. In this paper, magnetic field data from the Cluster mission during an undisturbed interval of slow solar wind are analyzed at 0.28 Hz, near the spectral break point between the ion inertial and dissipation/dispersion ranges. Assuming Taylor's frozen‐in condition, it corresponds to a proton kinetic scale of kvA/Ωp∼0.38, where vA and Ωp are the Alfvén speed and proton angular gyrofrequency, respectively. Data show that the Cluster spacecraft passed through a series of wave packets. A strong isolated wave packet is found to be in accordance with the four Cluster satellites crossing an Alfvén vortex, a nonlinear solution to the incompressible MHD equations. A strong agreement is seen between the data from four satellites and a model vortex with a radius of the order of 40 times the local proton gyroradii. The polarization at different spacecraft is compared and is found to agree with the vortex model, whereas it cannot be explained solely by the linear plane wave approach.
Interannual variability in the Saharan dust source activation—Toward understanding the differences between 2007 and 2008
Authors: Wagner Robert , Schepanski Kerstin , Heinold Bernd , Tegen Ina
Published: April 2016

The activation of Saharan dust sources is characterized by a diurnal and seasonal cycle and a strong interannual variability. Here reasons for the still unclear interannual changes were investigated using the example of 2007 and 2008, which were years with a clear difference in the number of observed dust source activation (DSA) events. A detailed analysis of dust images derived from satellite observations showed that a sudden increase of DSA at the turn of the year 2007/2008 spreads within some months from eastern to northwestern parts of North Africa. The DSA remains on this significantly enhanced level during the whole year 2008. An examination of regional model and global reanalysis results, and satellite data, was performed to identify drivers for the different DSA patterns, which revealed that many individual factors contributed to the enhanced DSA in 2008. This includes changes in the Sahel rainfall distribution, the wind field over North Africa, differences in the strength of the West African Heat Low, and the occurrence of cold surges propagating from the Mediterranean into the Sahara. The determining factor of at least some of these influences appears to be differences in sea surface temperatures, especially in the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans, and in the Mediterranean Sea, affecting the large‐scale and local atmospheric circulation patterns and finally fostering Saharan DSA. The activation of alluvial sediments as dust sources after heavy rainfalls in 2007 also plays an important role. Its contribution to the enhanced DSA remains part of further research activity.
Extending “Deep Blue” aerosol retrieval coverage to cases of absorbing aerosols above clouds: Sensitivity analysis and first case studies
Authors: Sayer A. M. , Hsu N. C. , Bettenhausen C. , Lee J. , Redemann J. , Schmid B. , Shinozuka Y.
Published: April 2016

Cases of absorbing aerosols above clouds (AACs), such as smoke or mineral dust, are omitted from most routinely processed space‐based aerosol optical depth (AOD) data products, including those from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS). This study presents a sensitivity analysis and preliminary algorithm to retrieve above‐cloud AOD and liquid cloud optical depth (COD) for AAC cases from MODIS or similar sensors, for incorporation into a future version of the “Deep Blue” AOD data product. Detailed retrieval simulations suggest that these sensors should be able to determine AAC AOD with a typical level of uncertainty ∼25–50% (with lower uncertainties for more strongly absorbing aerosol types) and COD with an uncertainty ∼10–20%, if an appropriate aerosol optical model is known beforehand. Errors are larger, particularly if the aerosols are only weakly absorbing, if the aerosol optical properties are not known, and the appropriate model to use must also be retrieved. Actual retrieval errors are also compared to uncertainty envelopes obtained through the optimal estimation (OE) technique; OE‐based uncertainties are found to be generally reasonable for COD but larger than actual retrieval errors for AOD, due in part to difficulties in quantifying the degree of spectral correlation of forward model error. The algorithm is also applied to two MODIS scenes (one smoke and one dust) for which near‐coincident NASA Ames Airborne Tracking Sun photometer (AATS) data were available to use as a ground truth AOD data source, and found to be in good agreement, demonstrating the validity of the technique with real observations.
Characterization of the autophosphorylation property of HflX, a ribosome‐binding GTPase from Escherichia coli
Authors: Ghosh Aditi , Dutta Dipak , Bandyopadhyay Kaustav , Parrack Pradeep
Published: April 2016

Escherichia coli HflX belongs to the widely distributed but poorly characterized HflX family of translation factor‐related GTPases that is conserved from bacteria to humans. A 426‐residue polypeptide that binds 50S ribosomes and has both GTPase and ATPase activities, HflX also exhibits autophosphorylation activity. We show that HflX(C), a C‐terminal fragment of HflX, has an enhanced autophosphorylation activity compared to the full‐length protein. Using a chemical stability assay and thin layer chromatography, we have determined that phosphorylation occurs at a serine residue. Each of the nine serine residues of HflX(C) was mutated to alanine. It was found that all but S211A retained autophosphorylation activity, suggesting that S211, located in the P‐loop, was the likely site for autophosphorylation. While the S211A mutant lacked the autophosphorylation site, it possessed strong GTP binding and GTPase activities.
The ‘Magical’ Effect of Integration on Event Memory
Authors: Bruer Kaila C. , Price Heather L. , Phenix Tom L.
Published: April 2016

Only a handful of studies have extended our understanding of retrieval induced forgetting (RIF) during development and even fewer have tested for RIF effects outside word‐list paradigms. The purpose of these experiments was to: (i) examine how partial retrieval of a witnessed event would impact subsequent retrieval of that event in school‐aged children; and (ii) examine the robustness of semantic integration as a boundary condition on RIF. Two experiments were conducted using the three traditional phases of the RIF paradigm: study phase, practice phase, and test phase. We found clear evidence of RIF in event memory. There was also evidence of the robust impact that integration instructions have on minimizing RIF. Integration appears to not only have a dampening effect on RIF, but integration instructions may also influence how children process all aspects of an experience, regardless of whether a person is passively or actively part of the experience.Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Fully Solution‐Processed Conductive Films Based on Colloidal Copper Selenide Nanosheets for Flexible Electronics
Authors: Vikulov Sergey , Di Stasio Francesco , Ceseracciu Luca , Saldanha Pearl L. , Scarpellini Alice , Dang Zhiya , Krahne Roman , Manna Liberato , Lesnyak Vladimir
Published: April 2016

A novel colloidal synthesis of copper selenide nanosheets (NSs) with lateral dimensions of up to 3 μm is developed. This material is used for the fabrication of flexible conductive films prepared via simple drop‐casting of the NS dispersions without any additional treatment. The electrical performance of these coatings is benchmarked against copper selenide spherical nanocrystals (SNCs) in order to demonstrate the advantage of 2D morphology of the NSs for flexible electronics. In this contest, Cu2−xSe SNC films exhibit higher conductivity but lower reproducibility due to the formation of cracks leading to discontinuous films. Furthermore, the electrical properties of the films deposited on different flexible substrates following their bending, stretching and folding are studied. A comparison of Cu2−xSe SNC and CuSe NS films reveals an increased stability of the CuSe NS films under mechanical stress applied to the samples and their improved long‐term stability in air.
Reality Check for Nanomaterial‐Mediated Therapy with 3D Biomimetic Culture Systems
Authors: Tay Chor Yong , Muthu Madaswamy S. , Chia Sing Ling , Nguyen Kim Truc , Feng Si‐Shen , Leong David Tai
Published: April 2016

The recent progresses in tissue engineering and nanomaterial‐based therapeutics/theranostics have led to the ever increasing utilization of 3D in vitro experimental models as the bona fide culture systems to evaluate the therapeutic/theranostic effects of nanomedicine. Compared to the use of conventional 2D culture platforms, 3D biomimetic cultures offer unmatched advantages as relevant physiological and pathological elements can be incorporated to allow better characterization of the engineered bio‐nanomaterials in the targeted tissue‐specific microenvironment. In this Feature Article, the current state‐of‐the‐art 3D in vitro models that have been developed for the evaluation of biosafety and efficacy of nano‐ therapeutics/theranostics targeting the colon, blood–brain barrier (BBB), lungs, skin tumor models to bridge the nanomedicine bench to pre‐clinical ravine are reviewed. Furthermore, the critical physicochemical parameters of the bio‐nanomaterials that govern its transport and biodistribution in a complex 3D microenvironment will be highlighted. The major challenges and future prospects of evaluating nanomedicine in the third dimension will also be discussed.
Efficient Charge Injection in Organic Field‐Effect Transistors Enabled by Low‐Temperature Atomic Layer Deposition of Ultrathin VOx Interlayer
Authors: Gao Yuanhong , Shao Youdong , Yan Lijia , Li Hao , Su Yantao , Meng Hong , Wang Xinwei
Published: April 2016

Charge injection at metal/organic interface is a critical issue for organic electronic devices in general as poor charge injection would cause high contact resistance and severely limit the performance of organic devices. In this work, a new approach is presented to enhance the charge injection by using atomic layer deposition (ALD) to prepare an ultrathin vanadium oxide (VOx) layer as an efficient hole injection interlayer for organic field‐effect transistors (OFETs). Since organic materials are generally delicate, a gentle low‐temperature ALD process is necessary for compatibility. Therefore, a new low‐temperature ALD process is developed for VOx at 50 °C using a highly volatile vanadium precursor of tetrakis(dimethylamino)vanadium and non‐oxidizing water as the oxygen source. The process is able to prepare highly smooth, uniform, and conformal VOx thin films with precise control of film thickness. With this ALD process, it is further demonstrated that the ALD VOx interlayer is able to remarkably reduce the interface contact resistance, and, therefore, significantly enhance the device performance of OFETs. Multiple combinations of the metal/VOx/organic interface (i.e., Cu/VOx/pentacene, Au/VOx/pentacene, and Au/VOx/BOPAnt) are examined, and the results uniformly show the effectiveness of reducing the contact resistance in all cases, which, therefore, highlights the broad promise of this ALD approach for organic devices applications in general.
Large‐Area Bilayer ReS2 Film/Multilayer ReS2 Flakes Synthesized by Chemical Vapor Deposition for High Performance Photodetectors
Authors: Hafeez Muhammad , Gan Lin , Li Huiqiao , Ma Ying , Zhai Tianyou
Published: April 2016

Rhenium disulfide (ReS2) is attracting more and more attention for its thickness‐depended direct band gap. As a new appearing 2D transition metal dichalcogenide, the studies on synthesis method via chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is still rare. Here a systematically study on the CVD growth of continuous bilayer ReS2 film and single crystalline hexagonal ReS2 flake, as well as their corresponding optoelectronic properties is reported. Moreover, the growth mechanism has been proposed, accompanied with simulation study. High‐performance photodetector based on ReS2 flake shows a high responsivity of 604 A·W−1, high external quantum efficiency of 1.50 × 105 %, and fast response time of 2 ms. ReS2 film‐based photodetector exhibits weaker performance than the flake one; however, it still demonstrates a much faster response time (≈103 ms) than other reported CVD‐grown ReS2‐based photodetector (≈104–105 ms). Such good properties of ReS2 render it a promising future in 2D optoelectronics.
Chloride‐Bridged Dinuclear Rhodium(III) Complexes Bearing Chiral Diphosphine Ligands: Catalyst Precursors for Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Simple Olefins
Authors: Kita Yusuke , Hida Shoji , Higashihara Kenya , Jena Himanshu Sekhar , Higashida Kosuke , Mashima Kazushi
Published: April 2016

Efficient rhodium(III) catalysts were developed for asymmetric hydrogenation of simple olefins. A new series of chloride‐bridged dinuclear rhodium(III) complexes 1 were synthesized from the rhodium(I) precursor [RhCl(cod)]2, chiral diphosphine ligands, and hydrochloric acid. Complexes from the series acted as efficient catalysts for asymmetric hydrogenation of (E)‐prop‐1‐ene‐1,2‐diyldibenzene and its derivatives without any directing groups, in sharp contrast to widely used rhodium(I) catalytic systems that require a directing group for high enantioselectivity. The catalytic system was applied to asymmetric hydrogenation of allylic alcohols, alkenylboranes, and unsaturated cyclic sulfones. Control experiments support the superiority of dinuclear rhodium(III) complexes 1 over typical rhodium(I) catalytic systems.
Iron‐Catalyzed Stereoselective Cross‐Coupling Reactions of Stereodefined Enol Carbamates with Grignard Reagents
Authors: Rivera Ana Cristina Parra , Still Raymond , Frantz Doug E.
Published: April 2016

A practical and highly stereoselective iron‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reaction of stereodefined enol carbamates and Grignard reagents to yield tri‐ and tetrasubstituted acrylates is reported. A facile method for the stereoselective generation of these enol carbamates has also been developed.
Identifying Optimal Zeolitic Sorbents for Sweetening of Highly Sour Natural Gas
Authors: Shah Mansi S. , Tsapatsis Michael , Siepmann J. Ilja
Published: April 2016

Raw natural gas is a complex mixture comprising methane, ethane, other hydrocarbons, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, and water. For sour gas fields, selective and energy‐efficient removal of H2S is one of the crucial challenges facing the natural‐gas industry. Separation using nanoporous materials, such as zeolites, can be an alternative to energy‐intensive amine‐based absorption processes. Herein, the adsorption of binary H2S/CH4 and H2S/C2H6 mixtures in the all‐silica forms of 386 zeolitic frameworks is investigated using Monte Carlo simulations. Adsorption of a five‐component mixture is utilized to evaluate the performance of the 16 most promising materials under close‐to‐real conditions. It is found that depending on the fractions of CH4, C2H6, and CO2, different sorbents allow for optimal H2S removal and hydrocarbon recovery.
Dates and demography? The need for caution in using radiometric dates as a robust proxy for prehistoric population change
Authors: Hiscock Peter , Attenbrow Val
Published: April 2016

Our paper (Attenbrow and Hiscock 2015) raised serious concerns about the use of radiocarbon dates (sum probability distributions) as evidence of ancient demography. Prominent researchers who commented here and who rely on such interpretations are uncomfortable with our critique, and insist that quantities of dates are a reliable indicator of past population size. Here, we note that while those researchers acknowledge the difficulties of sample selection, taphonomic bias, and the relationship of charcoal and radiocarbon data to human activity, they have not studied or controlled for these matters. At this time, we again advocate caution in the use of dates as data for demographic reconstructions.