bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Seed Morphology in Key Spanish Grapevine Cultivars
Authors: Cervantes Emilio , Martín-Gómez José Javier , Espinosa Roldán Francisco Emmanuel , Muñoz Organero Gregorio , Tocino Ángel , Cabello Sáenz de Santamaría Félix
Published: March 2021

Ampelography, the botanical discipline dedicated to the identification and classification of grapevine cultivars, was grounded on the description of morphological characters and more recently is based on the application of DNA polymorphisms. New methods of image analysis may help to optimize morphological approaches in ampelography. The objective of this study was the classification of representative cultivars of Vitis vinifera conserved in the Spanish collection of IMIDRA according to seed shape. Thirty eight cultivars representing the diversity of this collection were analyzed. A consensus seed silhouette was defined for each cultivar representing the geometric figure that better adjusted to their seed shape. All the cultivars tested were classified in ten morphological groups, each corresponding to a new model. The models are geometric figures defined by equations and similarity to each model is evaluated by quantification of percent of the area shared by the two figures, the seed and the model (J index). The comparison of seed images with geometric models is a rapid and convenient method to classify cultivars. A large proportion of the collection may be classified according to the new models described and the method permits to find new models according to seed shape in other cultivars.
Численное исследование двухфазных гиперболических моделей
Authors: Корнеев Борис Азаматович , Korneev Boris Azamatovich , Тухватуллина Р Р , Tukhvatullina R R , Савенков Евгений Борисович , Savenkov Evgenii Borisovich
Published: March 2021

Работа посвящена численному исследованию конечно-объемной схемы с потоком HLLEM для решения уравнений из семейства моделей Баера-Нунциато. Рассматривается три варианта модели, отличающихся степенью «неравновесности». Приводится краткое описание моделей и их отличия. Для аппроксимации уравнений неравновесных моделей с жесткими правыми частями, описывающими процесс механической и термодинамической релаксации, используется метод расщепления по физическим процессам. Пространственные аппроксимации строятся методом конечных объемов 1-го и 2-го порядка (TVD). В качестве численного потока используется поток HLLEM, для которого предложен простой алгоритм определения параметра метода, гарантирующего физичность решения. Особенностью работы является то, что все три рассмотренные модели применены для анализа фактически одной и той же физической постановки.
Quantitative characteristic of Indonesian native chickens at the age of 4 months
Authors: Irmaya Dika , Depison Depison , Gushairiyanto Gushairiyanto
Published: March 2021

Objective: Native chickens (Kampung, Sentul, and Merawang) have great potential to be developed as both meat and egg producers. Quantitative data about native chickens are not widely known. The purpose of this research was to determine the quantitative characteristics of Native Chickens aged 1 month, 2 months, 3 months and 4 months.

Methods: The research material is native chickens. The method used was an 82 sample in each strain and a total of 246 samples. The data collected is of a quantitative traits. Quantitative traits are traits that are influenced by multiple gene pairs, can be measured, and are heavily influenced by environmental factors. Data collected were analyzed using the average difference test (t-test). The average value vector of body measurements of chicken lines was analyzed using the T2-Hotelling statistical test. Main Component Analysis statistical test to identify the shape and size characteristics of each chicken strain. Data processing was assisted by using Minitab statistical software version 18.

Results: The results of this study showed that body weight, weight gain and body size measurements of Kampung chicken were significantly different (P <0.05) higher than Sentul chicken and Merawang chickens. The identifier of the size of the Kampung chicken is the width of the chest, while the identifier of the shape is the length of the back. The identifier of Sentul chicken size is chest length, while the tibia is long. The characteristic of Merawang chicken is the length of the tibia, while the character of the shape is the wing length.

Conclusions: Quantitative characteristics (body weight, weight gain and body size measurements) at the age of 4 months Kampung chickens more heavily than Sentul chicken and Merawang chicken.
Multivariate analysis of five chicken breed in Indonesia based on microsatellite allele frequency
Authors: Saputra Ferdy , Sartika Tike , Anggraeni Anneke , Ishak Andi Baso Lompengeng , Komarudin Komarudin , Pratiwi Nurul
Published: March 2021

Objective: This study tries to examine several multivariate methods in classifying genetic diversity using microsatellite allele frequency data.

Methods: This study used microsatellite allele frequency data from White Leghorn (n = 48), Kampung (n = 48), Pelung (n = 24), Sentul (n = 24), and Black Kedu (n = 25) from Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production. Allele frequency data were analyzed by the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method using the POPTREE2 program. The data was also analyzed by the Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Correspondence Analysis (CA), and Hierarchical Clustering on Principal Components (HCPC) methods using the factoextra and FactoMineR packages in the R 4.0.0 program.

Results: Correspondence Analysis (CA) found Sentul is more closer to Black Kedu. However, based on NJ, PCA, and HCPC showed Sentul is closer to Kampung. Based on the value of Dimension 1, Correspondence Analysis (80.7%) can explain greater variation than PCA (58.9%). However, CA method generated different results compared to NJ, PCA, and HCPC. NJ, PCA, and HCPC found four chicken clusters, namely cluster 1 (White Leghorn), cluster 2 (Pelung), cluster 3 (Black Kedu), and cluster 4 (Kampung and Sentul).

Conclusions: In conclusion, HCPC is a better multivariate method for analyzing allele frequency data than PCA and CA. HCPC can be used to analyze allele frequency data better than PCA, because HCPC is a combination of methods from hierarchical clustering and principal components.
KEMAMPUAN PRAKTIK KERJA INDUSTRI DAN STATUS SOSIAL EKONOMI ORANG TUA DENGAN MOTIVASI BEKERJA SISWA KELAS XII TIPTL (Studi Kasus di SMK Negeri 5 Jakarta)
Authors: Mustika Diyah Ayu , Daryanto  , Farried Wadjdi
Published: March 2021

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan  antara kemampuan praktik kerja industri dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua dengan motivasi bekerja pada Siswa kelas XII TIPTL di SMK Negeri 5 Jakarta. Penelitian ini dilakukan terhitung mulai pada bulan Juni sampai dengan bulan Oktober 2017. Untuk metode yang digunakan didalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian deskriptif korelasi dengan survey. Populasi penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XII TIPTL di SMKN 5 Jakarta yang berjumlah 85 siswa, dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 68 siswa dengan menggunakan teknik probabilitas sampling, yaitu proportionate stratified random sampling. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis melalui uji prasyarat analisis dengan menggunakan uji normalitas, uji regresi, uji keberartian regresi dan uji kelinieritasan regresi pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05. Dan uji analisis dengan uji hipotesis koefisien korelasi pada taraf signifikan α = 0,05.

Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kemampuan praktik kerja industri dengan motivasi bekerja yang ditunjukan dengan rhitung=0,611>rtabel=0,239 sementara itu koefisien determinasi untuk R2=37,35%. Penelitian pula menunjukan bahwa adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara status social ekonomi orang tua dengan motivasi bekerja yang ditunjukan dengan rhitung=0,720>rtabel=0,239, sementara itu koefisien determinasi untuk R2=51,81%. Selain itu hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya hubungan yang signifikan antara kemampuan praktik kerja industri dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua dengan motivasi bekerja dengan persamaan regresi Ŷ=36,881+0,402X1+0,370X2, dan hasil dari analisa data diperolehFhitung=43,96>Ftabel=3,14. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa hipotesis yang menunjukan adanya hubungan yang positif dan signifikan antara kemampuan praktik kerja industri dan status sosial ekonomi orang tua dengan motivasi bekerja diterima. Sementara itu koefisien determinasi untuk R2 adalah 57,5% sedangkan sisanya 42,5% dipengaruhi oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti.
PENGARUH PENGGUNAAN MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN TRAINER CONTROL MOTOR TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR INSTALASI MOTOR LISTRIK
Authors: Nobby Sail Andi Supu  , Irzan Zakir  , Imam Arif Raharjo
Published: March 2021

The research is intended to investigate the effect of learning media Trainer Control Motor to students’ learning outcomes in installation of electric motor subject  . The research used quantitative research with quasy experimental method. This research used two groups to be investigated,which are experimental group that was given the Trainer Control Motor for learning media and the other group that wasn’t given the Trainer Control Motor learning media. The data collection process was done by giving the two groups post test. The collected data was processed by using t-test after it met the standard requirements and was homo-gen.

The finding shows that the value tcount > ttable that is 8,225 > 2,001 with 0,05 significant level. Accordingly, Ho was rejected and Hi is accepted which means there is a difference between experimental class’ learning outcomes post-test and controlled class’ learning outcomes post test. Based on the t-test measurement and improvement of learning outcomes, it can be concluded that there is an effect of Trainer Control Motor media learning to the students’ learning outcomes in installation of electric motor subject.

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh media pembelajaran Trainer Control Motor terhadap hasil belajar. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian kuantitatif, dengan metode quasy eksperimental. Pada penelitian digunakan dua kelompok yang akan diteliti, yakni kelompok eksperimen yang diberi perlakuan dengan diberikan media pembelajaran dengan Trainer Control Motor dan kelompok satu lagi diberi perlakuan dengan tidak memberian media pembelajaranTrainer Control Motor. Proses pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan post-test pada kedua kelas. Data yang telah terkumpul akan diolah dengan uji-t setelah data memenuhi persyaratan normal dan homogen.

Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa thitung ˃ ttabel, yakni 8,225>2,001 dengan signifikansi 5%. Maka Ho ditolak dan Hi diterima yang artinya terdapat perbedaan antara hasil belajar post-test kelas eksperimen dengan hasil belajar post-test kelas kontrol. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan uji-t, maka dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh media pembelajaran Trainer Control Motor terhadap hasil belajar instalasi motor listrik.
A Transient Solids Transport Model for Solids Removal Evaluation in Coiled-Tubing Drilling
Authors: Tong Tran A. , Ozbayoglu Evren , Liu Yaxin
Published: March 2021

Poor hole cleaning is a major concern in coiled-tubing drilling (CTD), and it is often associated with long nonproductive time that contributes significantly to the operational cost. In this study, a transient solids transport model is developed based on transport equations of phases in the flow to predict the evolution of solids conveyed in the wellbore. The developed model is able to provide forecasts of the distribution of cuttings along the annulus, which can be important information for deciding to improve solids removal.

Based on the concept of a two-layer steady-state model, a 1D time-dependent model is developed using two layers: a lower layer of solids bed and an upper layer of a solid-liquid mixture with the mechanisms of solids deposition and solids entrainment taken into account. The model is discretized by using a finite volume scheme and then solved by employing a semi-implicit numerical solution. The model’s hyperparameters, such as a deposition factor and an entrainment factor, are calibrated with experimental data conducted by the use of the large indoor flow loop (LIFL) to achieve a better match. The model is combined with a 2D cross-sectional model to handle the effect of pipe eccentricity and bed presence. Predictions from the model agree well with the experimental data acquired by using an oil-based mud for the majority of the cases.
Metagenomics Analysis of Race and Age influence on the Vaginal Microbiome in Pregnant and Non-pregnant Healthy Women
Authors: Golestani Zahra , Ghaedmohammadi Samira , Mozdoori Najmeh
Published: March 2021

Various human body parts are host to many microbial species and have a mutualistic relationship with them. The presence of these microbial species in reproductive tubes plays an essential protective role against the proliferation of harmful organisms and is an important factor in reproductive health. The vaginal microbiota during pregnancy plays a vital role in the health of the mother and the infant. Microbiota imbalance during pregnancy is associated with many complications. As a result, the detection of vaginal microbiota during pregnancy can reduce the risk of these problems. High-throughput culture-independent technologies allow the study of vaginal microbiome on a large scale. This study aimed to compare the vaginal microbiota between pregnant and non-pregnant healthy women of different age or race using the meta-analysis method. The results from 7 articles having 16S rRNA gene sequences, were extracted and analyzed by CLC. Data from 898 pregnant and 702 non-pregnant women showed that the Bacilli, Clostridia, Actinobacteria and Coriobacteria were the dominant classes in pregnancy. The vaginal microbiota in normal non-pregnancy is also predominated by Bacilli. Still, beta diversity maps demonstrated that non-pregnant vaginal microbiome is more variable than that in the pregnant state. This study reveals new insights into age and ethnic effects on the pregnant and non-pregnant vaginal microbiome and found that the microbiome of Chinese women was more distinct than the other races. It was also detected that the relative number of bacterial classes is dramatically lower in women above the age of 35 relative to younger ones.
Public health impacts of drought in high-income countries: a systematic review
Authors: Vos Valentina , Dimnik Julija , Hassounah Sondus , OConnell Emer , Landeg Owen
Published: March 2021

Introduction

The health effects of drought are significant and widespread, but primarily indirect. As climate change projections indicate future increases in drought events globally, it is essential that we continue to develop the evidence base on the health consequences of drought to inform future public health policy and practice (i.e. the quantification of impacts now and in the future).
Methods

A systematic review was preformed using: MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Maternity and Infant Care, Global Health, CINAHL and Cochrane. Articles were included in the analysis if they met the following criteria: exposure was specified as drought; outcome was a defined and measured human health outcome; a distinct link had to be made between exposure and outcome; drought was defined as a shortage or deficiency that was climate related; population studied was member countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) to represent HICs; reported original data; published in English from May 2012 to June 2017.
Results

10,383 citations were initially identified; 24 papers met the eligibility criteria. Additionally, seven papers not meeting the criteria were incorporated as supporting text. The majority of studies were from Australia and the USA. Five main categories of health effects were found: (i) water borne disease (ii) vector borne disease (iii) airborne, dust and respiratory related diseases (iv) mental health and wellbeing and (v) other health effects.
Conclusion

The limited evidence suggests that the mental health impacts of drought in rural and farming populations and outbreaks of West Nile Fever in places that harbour the transmitting vector represent the greatest public health concern for drought prone High-Income Countries (HICs). A range of initiatives were identified, including health services preparedness alongside targeted public health policies. Further studies are needed to address gaps in the evidence including the absence of a standardised definition and/or measure of drought exposure, and methods to measure and assess health impacts related to drought.
Loose Plant Architecture 1-Interacting Kinesin-like Protein KLP Promotes Rice Resistance to Sheath Blight Disease
Authors: Chu Jin , Xu Han , Dong Hai , Xuan Yuanhu
Published: March 2021

BackgroundSheath blight disease (ShB) is a destructive disease affecting rice production. Previously, we have reported that Loose Plant Architecture 1 (LPA1) promotes resistance to ShB. However, the mechanisms by which LPA1 confers resistance against this disease have not been extensively investigated. Notably, interactors that regulate LPA-1 activity remain elusive.FindingsIn this study, we identified the interaction of kinesin-like protein (KLP) with LPA1 in the nucleus of rice cells by yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescent complimentary (BiFC), and co-immunoprecipitation (co-IP) assays. To investigate the role of KLP in promoting resistance to ShB, wild-type, klp mutant, and KLP overexpressor (KLP OX) rice plants were inoculated with Rhizoctonia solani AG1-IA. The results indicated that, compared with the wild-type control, klp mutants were more susceptible while KLP OX plants were less susceptible to ShB. Since LPA1 transcriptionally activates PIN-FORMED 1a (PIN1a), we examined the expression of 8 related PIN genes. The results showed that only the expression of PIN1a and PIN3b coincided with KLP expression levels. In addition, a chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay showed that KLP bound directly to the promoter region of PIN1a but not of PIN3b. Transient expression assays confirmed that LPA1 and KLP transcriptionally activate PIN1a, and that coexpression of KLP and LPA1 had an additive effect on the activation of PIN1a, suggesting that KLP enhances LPA1 transcriptional activation activity. Conclusions﻿Taken together, our results show that KLP is a novel LPA1 interactor that promotes resistance of rice to ShB.
Community-driven tree planting greens the neighbouring landscape
Authors: Buxton Joshua , Powell Thomas , Ambler John , Boulton Chris , Nicholson Arwen , Arthur Rudy , Lees Kirsten , Williams Hywel , Lenton Timothy
Published: March 2021

Nature-based solutions to climate change are growing policy priorities yet remain hard to quantify. Here we use remote sensing to quantify direct and indirect benefits from community-led agroforestry by The International Small group and Tree planting program (TIST) in Kenya. Since 2005, TIST-Kenya has incentivised smallholder farmers to plant trees for agricultural benefit and to sequester CO2. We use Landsat-7 satellite imagery to examine the effect on the historically deforested landscape around Mount Kenya. We identify positive greening trends in TIST groves during 2000-2019 relative to the wider landscape. These groves cover 27,198 hectares, and a further 27,750 hectares of neighbouring agricultural land is also positively influenced by TIST. This positive ‘spill-over’ impact of TIST activity occurs at up to 360m distance. TIST also benefits local forests, e.g. through reducing fuelwood and fodder extraction. Our results show that community-led initiatives can lead to successful landscape-scale regreening on decadal timescales.
Perfluoroalkyl and Polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and association with sex hormone concentrations: Results from the NHANES 2015 -2016
Authors: Xie Xin , Weng Xueqiong , Liu Shan , Chen Jingmin , Guo Xinrong , Gao Xinyu , Fei Qiaoyuan , Hao Guang , Jing Chunxia , Feng Liping
Published: March 2021

Background: There is increasing global concern regarding the health impacts of perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which are emerging environmental endocrine disruptors. Results from previous epidemiological studies on the associations between PFAS exposure and sex hormone levels are inconsistent.Objective: We examined the associations between serum PFAS compounds (PFDeA, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOA, PFOS) and sex hormones, including total testosterone (TT), free testosterone (FT), estrogen (E), and serum hormone binding globulin (SHBG).Results: After adjusting for potential confounders, PFDeA, PFOS, and PFHxS exposures were significantly associated with increased serum testosterone concentrations in males. PFDeA, PFOA, and PFOS exposures were positively correlated with FT levels in 20-49 years old women while PFOS exposure was negatively associated with TT levels in 12-19 years old girls. PFAS exposure was negatively associated with estradiol levels including: PFDeA in all females, PFHxS, PFNA, PFOS, and PFOA in 12-19 years old girls, PFNA in women above 50 years old, and PFOA in 12-19 years old boys while PFDeA and PFOS exposures were positively associated with estradiol levels in these boys. n-PFOS exposure was positively associated with SHBG levels in men older than 20 and in all females.Conclusions: Using a large cohort of males and females aged from 12-80, we found that PFAS exposure appears to disrupt sex hormones in a gender-, age-, and compound-specific manner. Future work is warranted to clarify the causality and mechanisms involved.
Identification of Multi-Target Directed Inhibitors of SARS-CoV-2: Drug Repurposing
Authors: Ayipo Yusuf , Alananzeh Waleed Abdullah Ahmad , SANI NAJIB , Mordi Mohd
Published: March 2021

Background: COVID-19 remains a major global challenge while several drugs identified to ameliorate the syndromes are associated with incessant resistance and lack of prospective potentials to permanently curb the infection. This study is aimed at evaluating the potentials of the existing drug molecules to overcome the viral resistance through multi-target inhibition mechanisms. Methods: Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations have been extensively applied to virtually screen 2826 drugs from Selleckem.com library against some key bio-receptors implicated in the SARS-CoV-2 such as the viral nucleocapsid phosphoprotein, the viral spike glycoprotein and the human host ACE2. Results: Five drugs namely D-(+)-Raffinose pentahydrate (1), (-)-Epicatechin gallate (5), 2797 (7), Rutin DAB10 (8) and Hyperoside (9) display higher inhibitory potentials against N-terminal NTD of SARS-CoV-2 (PDB 6M3M) with XP docking scores of -16.20, -11.98, -11.83, -11.81 and -11.41 than remdesivir and ribavirin with -10.27 and -9.06 respectively. Their estimated binding free energies against the receptor are -27.80, -27.91, -32.39, -27.91 and -29.50 kcal/mol compared to remdesivir and ribavirin with -24.27 and -15.37 kcal/mol respectively. Similar inhibition patterns were observed against the viral S-protein and the human ACE2 with high stability and bio-functionality. Conclusion: The identified compounds show promising potentials amenable for breakthrough against the drug-resistant COVID-19 upon further studies.
Breeding Strategy for Resistance to Striga Asiatica Based on Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Tropical Maize Lines
Authors: Gasura Edmore , Nyandoro Brian , Mabasa Stanford , Setimela Peter S. , Kyalo Martina , Yao Nasser
Published: March 2021

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a major staple crop in southern Africa and is produced on millions of hectares. However, its yield is greatly reduced by Striga spp, a parasitic weed which is causing US$ 7 billion losses annually. Use of host resistance could be an effective way of controlling Striga and resistance to Striga is quantitative, mainly controlled by additive gene action. Understanding the population structure and genetic diversity is therefore key in designing an effective breeding program targeting grain yield heterosis and resistance to Striga. The aim of this study was to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of the key germplasm from tropical Africa. This information could guide in the identification of heterotic groups and potential testers required to kick start a maize breeding program for Striga asiatica in southern Africa. A total of 222 maize inbred lines from IITA and CIMMYT were used in this study. The materials were genotyped using the genotyping-by-sequencing method. A total of 45 000 SNP markers were revealed, and these were subjected to analysis of molecular variance, structure analysis and clustering using the Gower’s distance and neighbor joining algorithm. Molecular variance was lager within individuals (91%) than among populations (9%). The inbred lines clustered into three major groups, with the IITA germplasm clustering separately from CIMMYT germplasm. A breeding strategy for Striga asiatica resistance was proposed with the aim of increasing genetic gains in both the resistance and grain yield.
Electromagnetic-Based Wireless Sensor Networks for Natural Gas Pipeline and Reservoir Monitoring
Authors: Akkaş Mustafa Alper
Published: March 2021

In this paper, we electromagnetically analyzed the wireless sensor nodes for natural gas transport system from the recovery process to our apartments. In light of the problems of poor localization accuracy, low recognition efficiency and high false rates in traditional pipeline security and detection technology, this paper suggests a type of new electromagnetic modeling for the natural gas pipeline and tank system. This paper describes the effect of natural gas at different temperature and pressure levels on the propagation characteristics of electromagnetic waves at Terahertz Band frequencies. Based on the calculated absorption and path losses, the channel capacity and SNR are studied to give an insight of future Terahertz communication networks. Results show that characteristics of electromagnetic waves propagation affected by both the temperature and pressure. As a result, in the paper we come to the conclusion that frequency bands for optimum performance should be determined by reviewing the absorption coefficient.
Dating Violence and Associated Factors Among Male and Female Adolescents in Spain
Authors: Vives-Cases Carmen , Pérez-Martínez Vanesa , Davó-Blanes MCarmen , SanSegundo Miriam Sánchez , Gil-González Diana , Abiétar Daniel G. , Sánchez-Martínez Francesca , Forcadell-Díez Lluís , Pérez Glòria , Sanz-Barbero Belen
Published: March 2021

Background: Dating Violence (DV) is a public health problem that is on the rise. In this paper, we aim to analyse different factors associated with DV victimization among female and male adolescents in Spain, considering socioeconomic circumstances, sexual orientation and the presence of different attitudes and experiences related to violence. Methods: Cross-sectional data from a convenience sample of 640 ever-partnered adolescents aged 13 to 17 at schools in the cities of Alicante (n=359, 50.1% girls) and Terrassa (n=281, 51.9%) in the context of an educational intervention to promote healthy relationships. We calculated the prevalence of different forms of DV (physical, sexual and control and fear) and carried out multivariate regression models by sex. Results: 5.5% of girls and 8.7% of boys declared having suffered lifetime physical and/or sexual violence, while 22% of girls and 20.5% of boys reported control and/or fear victimization. The likelihood of DV was higher among migrants and those with foreign-born parents (aPR girls=2.1 CI95%: 1.1-3.9; aPR boys= 1.9: CI95%: 1.0-3.6); prior experiences of abuse (aPR girls= 1.6; CI95%: 1.0-2.6; aPR boys= 1.7; CI95%: 1.1-2.6); and those who showed higher levels of machismo (aPR girls= 1.0; CI95%: 1.0-1.1; aPR boys= 1.0; CI95%: 1.0-1.1). In girls, DV increased among those who reported lesbian/bisexual orientation and poor relationship with teachers.Conclusions: DV is socially patterned and increases among LGB adolescents, migrants, and those with foreign-born parents. Future DV prevention programs should reinforce adolescents’ abilities to recognize social support sources and reject machismo and violence.
The impact of SOD3 on prostatic diseases: elevated SOD3 is a novel biomarker for the diagnosis of chronic nonbacterial prostatiti
Authors: Zheng Shengfeng , Li Hongtao , Lin Xuandong , Gan Xiang , Xiao Shengjun , Liu Jiayi , Xie Zhibin , Lin Zhidi , Song Weiru , Wang Xiao , Li Meiqing , Lan Yue , Zhang Mingjin , Fu Weijin , Yang Xiaoli
Published: March 2021

Prostate is the most common gland for the three major diseases in men, such as chronic nonbacterial prostatitis (CNP), benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). However, there is lack of ideal biomarker for diagnosis with prostatic diseases. This prospective study quantified extracellular superoxide dismutase (SOD3) levels in serum or expressed prostatic secretion (EPS) with CNP, and in the prostatic tissues with BPH or PCa, to evaluate SOD3 as possible surrogate markers for diagnosis and treatment efficacy. The diagnostic ability of SOD3 with CNP was estimated by ROC analysis. The potential function of SOD3 in prostatic disoders was further investigated via bioinformatic analysis. As a result, SOD3 was significantly increased in CNP and BPH, but dereased in PCa compared to controls. SOD3 was significantly elevated in patients with CNP III (6.491643 ± 1.592292, P༜0.001), CNP IV (8.617879 ± 1.535176, P༜0.001) compared to normal controls (4.705892 ± 1.484917), discriminating CNP versus normal controls (accuracy = 0.831, 95%CI: 0.726–0.937, P༜0.001), CNP III versus CNP IV (accuracy = 0.868, 95%CI: 0.716–0.940, P༜0.001). Furthermore, SOD3 in serum were associated with clinical characteristics of patients with CNP including plevic pain, blood pressure and lecithin/leukocyte in EPS. Functionally, SOD3 mainly interacted with CP, DSG2, RBP4, and CFP via spercific amino acid residue, and participated in the signal pathway of superoxide radicals degradation and apoptotic execution phase. Our findings suggested that SOD3 and its interactors might play an important role in prostatic diseases, and SOD3 could be an ideal diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for CNP.
Diastolic Dysfunction in a Pre-clinical Model of Diabetes Is Associated With Changes in the Cardiac Non-myocyte Cellular Composition
Authors: Cohen Charles D. , Blasio Miles J. De , Lee Man K. S. , Farrugia Gabriella E. , Prakoso Darnel , Krstevski Crisdion , Deo Minh , Donner Daniel G. , Kiriazis Helen , Flynn Michelle C. , Gaynor Taylah L. , Murphy Andrew J. , Drummond Grant R. , Pinto Alexander R. , Ritchie Rebecca Helen
Published: March 2021

Background:Diabetes is associated with a significantly elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and its specific pathophysiology remains unclear. Recent studies have changed our understanding of cardiac cellularity, with cellular changes accompanying diabetes yet to be examined in detail. This study aims to characterise the changes in the cardiac cellular landscape in murine diabetes to identify potential cellular protagonists in the diabetic heart.Methods:Diabetes was induced in male FVB/N mice by low-dose streptozotocin and a high-fat diet for 26-weeks. Cardiac function was measured by echocardiography at endpoint. Flow cytometry was performed on cardiac ventricles as well as blood, spleen, liver, and bone-marrow at endpoint from non-diabetic and diabetic mice. To validate flow cytometry results, immunofluorescence staining was conducted on left-ventricles of age-matched mice.ResultsMice with diabetes exhibited hyperglycaemia and impaired glucose tolerance at endpoint. Echocardiography revealed reduced E:A and e’:a’ ratios in diabetic mice indicating diastolic dysfunction. Systolic function was not different between the experimental groups. Detailed examination of cardiac cellularity found resident mesenchymal cells (RMCs) were elevated as a result of diabetes, due to a marked increase in cardiac fibroblasts, while smooth muscle cells were reduced in proportion. Moreover, we found increased levels of Ly6Chi monocytes in both the heart and in the blood. Consistent with this, the proportion of bone-marrow haematopoietic stem cells were increased in diabetic mice.Conclusions:Murine diabetes results in distinct changes in cardiac cellularity. These changes—in particular increased levels of fibroblasts—offer a framework for understanding how cardiac cellularity changes in diabetes. The results also point to new cellular mechanisms in this context, which may further aid in development of pharmacotherapies to allay the progression of cardiomyopathy associated with diabetes.
Atmospheric Reaction of Hydrazine Plus Hydroxyl Radical. I. Reliable Pathways
Authors: Douroudgari Hamed , Vahedpour Morteza , Khouini Fahime
Published: March 2021

Understanding the mechanism of hydrazine oxidation reaction by OH radical accompanied by the rate constants of all possible pathways is important. They are key parameters to explain the fate of hydrazine in the atmosphere. To reach the mentioned parameters, higher-level calculations by using quantum chemical methods have been implemented comprehensively for reliable channels such as H-abstraction, SN2, and addition/elimination reactions. To estimate the barrier energies of H-abstraction channels accurately, large numbers of the CCSD(T)/X calculations (where X denotes the augmented Dunning and Pople double zeta or triple zeta basis sets) have been applied to the optimized geometries of the MP2/aug-cc-pVTZ, MP2/maug-cc-pVTZ, and M062X/maug-cc-pVTZ levels. Contributions of excited states on the computed potential energy surface have been considered by the MR-MP2 (multi-reference) method in conjunction with the large augmented quadruple zeta, aug-cc-pVQZ, basis sets. The direct dynamic calculations have been carried out using the accurate energies of the CCSD(T) method and the partition functions of the second-order MØller-Plesset perturbation theory, and also by the validated M06-2X method with the aug-cc-pVTZ, and maug-cc-pVTZ basis sets. Finally, The VTST and TST theories have been used to calculate the temperature dependence of rate constants of the considered pathways. Also, the pressure-dependent rate constants of the barrierless pathways have been investigated by the strong collision master equation/RRKM theory.
Achieving Macroscale Liquid Superlubricity Using Lubricant Mixtures of Glycerol and Diols
Authors: yu haitao , Pang Haigang , Yuan Gang , Dong Dongfang , Lu Ying , Lun Yue , Li Zhen , Wang Qunying , Dong Wenzhu
Published: March 2021

BackgroundWe aimed to assess a serological biopsy using five stomach-specific circulating biomarkers pepsinogen I (PGI), PGII, PGI/II ratio, anti- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) antibody, and gastrin-17 (G-17) for identifying high-risk individuals and predicting risk of developing gastric cancer (GC).ResultsIn the cross-sectional analysis, PGII, the PG ratio, G17, anti- H. pylori IgG were associated with the presence of CAG, and the five biomarkers combined prediction is more effective than single factor prediction (0.692 vs 0.54, 0.604, 0.616, 0.629).ConclusionThe combination of pepsinogens, G17 and anti-H. pylori antibodies for serological analysis is helpful to screen CAG high-risk individuals from the general population and recommend that these people should carry out further endoscopy and biopsy.
The Effects of rural income project on silk exports and livelihood of smallholder producers in Gatsibo District, Rwanda.
Authors: Ogunlusi Abiola , Olaniyan Olanrewaju
Published: March 2021

Sericulture has been seen in Rwanda as an opportunity for increasing raw materials for the textile industry. Therefore, it has provided a new source of income, reduced unemployment and most likely to improve the livelihood status of poor sericulture smallholder producers by increasing their income earnings. The high yield in silk production has been pleasing due to the favourable climatic conditions for mulberry cultivation, sericulture has been seen as a potential tool to reduce poverty and also to generate foreign exchanges from exportation. The broad objective of this paper focuses on the impact of the livelihood status of smallholder producers in Rwanda. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting 286 sericulture households’ farmers in Gatsibo district. Data for this study were analysed using descriptive statistics, inferential statistics, paired-samples t-test, cross-tabulation and chi-square test of independence. The results of this study showed clearly a significant improvement in the livelihood of the farmers. It was gathered that 82% asserted there are organized markets available for silk exportation. 77% affirmed an improvement in their income status. The average level of income per year from cocoon production among the farmers was estimated to be $227.59. It is of topmost priority for this program to continue because its effect has a very positive impact on the livelihood status of the beneficiaries. Farmers should be provided with continuous training, access to credits. If sustained properly it will resolve future challenges and springs more opportunities for farmers and likewise to the country through exports.
Skora, corium, ledder
Authors: Becker Joern-Martin , Bulach Doris , Müller Ulrich
Published: March 2021

Skora, corium, ledder. Innovation und Professionalisierung im Lederhandwerk des südlichen Ostseeraums.
Seehäfen der Hanse als Dienstleistungszentren eines weitgespannten Transportnetzes
Authors: Ellmers Detlev
Published: March 2021

Die Seehäfen der Hanse als Dienstleistungszentren eines weitgespannten Transportnetzes
Transaktionskostentheorie und die mittelalterliche Hanse
Authors: Jenks Stuart
Published: March 2021

Transaktionskostentheorie und die mittelalterliche Hanse
Schwächewahrnehmungen und Stadtbucheditionen.
Authors: Höhn Philipp , Krey Alexander
Published: March 2021

City books (Stadtbücher) reflect the practice of urban law and are among the most important records for medieval German urban (legal) history. Since the 19th century, scholars have analysed them extensively and edited several such registers. Studying the intellectual history of three different editorial approaches to these records allows us to analyse the editors’ underlying assumptions and the way they reconstructed the working of the law in the past. Fritz Rörig (1882 – 1952), an economic historian, viewed the Lübeck urban registers as sources for economic and constitutional history. Consequently, Rörig judged much of the material they contain as ‘useless’, contaminations which could not be ignored, but had to be presented as briefly as possible in tabular form. Editing the Cologne property registers (“Schreinsbücher”) Hans Planitz (1882 – 1954), a legal historian interested in ‘German Law’ (Deutsches Recht), viewed these registers as records of legal practice which embodied (unwritten) Cologne law. Consequently, he omitted all material not suited to reconstructing that body of law. Wilhelm Ebel (1908 – 1980), a legal historian, was also selective in editing the verdicts of the Lübeck town council. In contrast to Planitz and Rörig, Ebel was convinced that legal practice was derived directly from normative law. Thus, it should be possible to analyse individual verdicts in order to reconstruct the substance of Lübeck law. An analysis of his edition, however, shows that Ebel failed to distinguish between edition and interpretation. If, as he believed, Lübeck law had been a coherent and stable body of law for 700 years, then it was necessary to mold the inchoate verdicts in the sources to fit the model and to nudge readers to reach the ‘right’ conclusions. All three editorial approaches were governed by the perception that their sources were not quite fit for purpose. These deficits could only be eliminated by selecting, calendering, abridging or visualizing the source material. In consequence, they overlooked the fact that these registers were based on day to day legal practice.
Distance, presence, absence and memoria
Authors: Strenga Gustavs
Published: March 2021

Hansekaufleute bildeten in der Regel wirtschaftliche Netzwerke, die unter anderem Familienmitglieder und enge Freunde einschlossen. Zu diesem Zweck waren sie häufig gezwungen, sich anderswo niederzulassen. Daher liefen sie Gefahr, außerhalb oder sogar weit entfernt von ihrem Geburtsort und von ihrer Familie, Gilde, Kirchen- und Stadtgemeinde zu sterben. Wie für das Mittelalter üblich, war auch für diese – meist reichen und mächtigen – Männer das Gebetsgedenken nach dem Tod ganz wesentlich und zwar sowohl für das eigene Seelenheil als auch mit Blick auf die Stärkung ihrer familiären Zugehörigkeit. Die „Memoria“ ermöglichte es den Abwesenden zudem, an weit voneinander entfernten Orten präsent zu sein: Auch wenn der Körper beispielsweise in Brügge bestattet worden war, konnte eine Person durch das Gedenken am anderen Ende des Hanseraumes, zum Beispiel in Riga, gegenwärtig sein.Wie dieser Beitrag zeigt, äußerten Kaufleute aus Livland – aus Riga, Reval oder Dorpat –, die Vorsorge für einen Todesfall trafen, zumeist den Wunsch, dass ihrer in ihrer Heimatgemeinde gedacht werden sollte. Die Testamente von Richard Zemelbecker (1390), von Mitgliedern der Familie Veckinchusen(frühes 15. Jahrhundert), Johann Cavolt (1434), und Tydeman Remlincrode (1501) zeugen von den Bestrebungen dieser Einzelpersonen und Familien, die eigene Memoria fest in ihren Heimatgemeinden zu verankern. Es sind jedoch auch Fälle belegt, in denen Personen kein Interesse daran zeigten, ihre Memoria in der Stadt ihrer Herkunft zu errichten, wie etwa Jan Durcop (1495) aus Riga, der fast sein gesamtes Berufsleben in Brügge verbracht hatte. Der Fall Durcops macht deutlich, dass die persönliche Entscheidung über die Sorge für das eigene Gebetsgedenken durch die langfristige Entwicklung der Identität einer Person bestimmt wurde.
Novel Sars-Cov-2 Pandemic Transmission With Ongoing Antiviral Therapies And Vaccine Design
Authors: Yameen Muhammad , Sattar Sara , Khalid Ayesha , Aslam Muhammad Aamir , Zafar Nishat , Saeed Muhammad Hassan , Arif Muhammad Haseeb , Jahangeer Muhammad , Qadeer Azka , Hussain Shoukat , Aamir Muhammad , Mukhtar Sania , Nasir Huma , Shahzad Asif
Published: March 2021

Starting from the end of 2019 the new SARs-CoV-2 virus, in the period of a few months, had spread to 210 countries and its territories. The Wuhan wild animal market, in Hubei province, China is considered the epicenter of this pandemic. WHO declared the name COVID-19 to designate the disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. It is the third coronavirus pandemic after SARS in 2002–2003 and MERS-CoV in 2012. Genome sequencing of this new COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2 virus shows slight genetic diversity when compared to other coronaviruses. Owing to its pathogenesis, and less known replication cycle, no universal antiviral treatment can be applied and vaccine preparation is still a larger challenge. The present article will highlight transmission, pandemic status, genetic diversity current antiviral therapy, and vaccine trials for COVID-19.

1. Introduction. 2. Pathogenesis of coronaviruses. 3. Genetic diversity. 4. Transmission. 5. Vaccination strategies against COVID-19. 6. In Process Vaccination strategies against COVID-19. 7. Lack of antiviral treatment and antiviral treatment studies. 8. Precautions. 9. Conclusions
Orthohantavirus Spp. – Review Of Genus
Authors: Leis Kamil , Kaczor Patryk , Baska Aleksandra , Kazik Jakub , Kolan Michalina , Grudlewska-Buda Katarzyna , Wiktorczyk Natalia , Skowron Krzysztof
Published: March 2021

The infections caused by orthohantaviruses were already known in the Middle Ages as “English sweats.” There are two main diseases caused by these viruses – HPS (hantavirus pulmonary syndrome) and HFRS (hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome). Rodents are the main reservoir of these microorganisms, and humans usually catch them by inhalation, as a result of contact with secretions and droppings of carriers. HPS is characterized by a sudden onset, and symptoms include primarily cough, fever and difficulty breathing, and in extreme cases – respiratory failure and cardiogenic shock. HFRS begins suddenly and the main manifestation includes fever, renal failure, hemorrhage, hematuria and proteinuria, as well as shock. At present, anti-hantavirus therapy with proven effectiveness does not exist. A key role in the treatment is resting lifestyle, electrolyte control, fluid therapy and prevention of hypotension, and in harder cases – administration of oxygen. Deviations from normal values in laboratory analyzes of people infected with this pathogen depend on the organ affected by the disease process

1. History 2. Systematics of Orthohantavirus spp. genus 3. Morphology 3.1. Genome 3.2. Structure of the virion 4. Mechanism of infection 4.1. Route of infection 4.2. Life cycle 5. Pathogenicity 6. Treatment 7. Diagnostics 8. Prevention – vaccines 9. Summary
Domination and Liberation of Nature
Authors: Gottschlich Max
Published: March 2021

The paper addresses the scope of the human relationship to nature. This scope encompasses a twofold emancipation. The first emancipation is the emancipation from nature that enables the domination of nature by science and technology. The second emancipation is the emancipation from this first emancipation, stemming from the insight that we have to conceive of nature, and respect nature accordingly, as another self that displays itself. I argue that it is precisely the step towards such second emancipation that lies at the core of the revolution of our consciousness of nature that currently seems to be unfolding. Yet the urgent question arises as to how such a “liberation of nature” (Hegel) can be understood sustainably without falling behind the achievements of Kantian philosophy, into a dogmatic ontology or even naturalism. The article delineates a systematic answer to this question by addressing some crucial points in Kant and Hegel.
Kafka’s Unspoken Philosophy of Law
Authors: Prole Dragan
Published: March 2021

U prvom dijelu članka autor poklanja naročitu pažnju činjenici da je u Kafkinim dnevnicima upadljivo odsustvo njegova profesionalnog života. Da ne znamo da je slavni pisac bio pravni ekspert, na osnovi njegovih osobnih bilježaka to ne bismo mogli zaključiti. U njima nema niti spomena o njegovom studiju prava, profesionalnim ambicijama i problemima proceduralnog interesa vezanog za pravnu praksu, niti o teškoćama ili postignućima na radnom mjestu, u čijoj je složenoj hijerarhiji pisac zauzimao veoma visoku poziciju. Rezultati provedenih analiza pokazuju bitnu, ali teško prepoznatljivu karakteristiku Kafkina književnog djela. Iznad nas svega nastoji upozoriti na to da je feudalni svijet još uvijek živ i zdrav, te da u modernom svijetu prepoznajemo jedino umnožavanje bivših suverena, čija je uloga da drugima nametnu zakone, a da od njih sami budu izuzeti. Djela Rudolpha von Jheringa, jednog od najpoznatijih filozofa prava toga vremena, i Hansa Grossa, slavnog utemeljitelja kriminologije i Kafkina profesora na praškom Karlovom univerzitetu, tematizirana su da bi se odredile dimenzije piščeve dekonstrukcije socijaldarvinističkih teorija krivičnog prava.