bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
A Retrospective Descriptive Study on Caesarean Isthmocele: A Delayed and Under-recognised Complication of Caesarean Section
Authors: Shrivastava Maneesha , Pathak Varuna , Shrivastava Sushruta
Published: January 2025

Introduction: A caesarean scar defect (isthmocele) is an indentation that represents myometrial discontinuity in the anterior uterine wall, with the base communicating with the uterine cavity at the site of a previous caesarean section scar. It has been linked to a variety of gynaecological symptoms, including abnormal uterine bleeding and secondary infertility.

Aim: To describe the demographic characteristics, clinical presentation, management and outcomes in patients with Caesarean Scar Defect (CSD).

Materials and Methods: A retrospective cohort analysis was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Gastrocare Hospital (tertiary care centre), Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, from February 2020 to February 2023. Data were collected from the hospital records of 43 patients who presented with CSD. The recorded variables included demographic details, clinical presentations, prior treatments, diagnostic interventions, types of surgical procedures performed and patient outcomes. Descriptive statistics, such as means, standard deviations and frequencies, were used to summarise patient characteristics and outcomes. All statistical analyses were performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software version 29.0 software.

Results: The majority of the women were in the age group of 30-40 years. Out of 43 patients, eight presented with Abnormal Uterine Bleeding (AUB), three had secondary infertility, and 32 presented with Caesarean Scar Ectopic Pregnancy (CSEP) and its complications. All cases were managed either by hysteroscopy or laparoscopy, based on the Residual Myometrium Thickness (RMT).

Conclusion: Transvaginal Sonography (TVS) is an effective tool for diagnosing CSD and CSEP. Surgical management can be guided by the RMT as determined by TVS.
Lifestyle Assessment and Motivations of Vegan Population in Chandigarh Tricity: Insights from a Comprehensive Survey
Authors: Ghai Muskan , Shukla Preeti , Kaushik Rekha , Bhise Suresh , Kumari Rashmi
Published: January 2025

This study examines the status of veganism in the Chandigarh Tricity area through a comprehensive analysis of survey data and supporting literature. The findings reveal a growing awareness and interest in veganism among residents, with a majority demonstrating familiarity with its principles. Motivations for adopting a vegan lifestyle vary, encompassing health, ethical, and familial influences. While familial acceptance significantly impacts individuals' ability to maintain a vegan lifestyle, challenges such as limited food options in local stores exist. The study underscores the importance of community support networks and educational initiatives to promote veganism and sustainability in the region. Efforts to increase the availability of vegan-friendly options and foster a supportive social environment can facilitate the transition to and maintenance of a vegan lifestyle in Chandigarh Tricity.
An Analysis of Farmer Awareness for Banana Production from a Technological and Geographic Perspective in Indapur Tahsil of Pune District, India
Authors: V. T. Nikam , S. B. Ogale , H.A. Shirke
Published: January 2025

The Indapur tehsil an arid climate region is gaining recognition as a prime location for banana cultivation. The identification of water sources, fertile soil, favourable climate, and income resulted in a shift towards cultivating bananas. This research identified a gap between the practices of farmers and modern agricultural techniques. The study is the first to survey farmers' understanding of geography, farming techniques, challenges faced, and factors for successful production in the region. Data was gathered from 270 banana farmers in various villages using qualitative and quantitative research methods, official documents, and on-site observations. The findings indicated that the farmers displayed a good understanding of drip irrigation and the use of liquid fertilizer through this method. Farmers showed a moderate understanding of soil quality, organic farming, tissue culture plantlets, banana variety selection, year-round farming, and crop protection. Factors such as land ownership, gender of the family head, family size, age, education, farming experience, subsidies, crop insurance, and access to information influence modern agricultural practices which is evident in the perception index. The perception index also highlights the necessity for focused attention on aspects such as application of agrochemicals to leaves, bunch feeding, the use of humidity sensors in irrigation, mulching, crop rotation, diseases caused by fungus, intercropping, cold storage, and ISO certification. Dry environments and the adoption of plantlets grown through tissue culture can reduce the risk of pest and disease issues. Rise in fertilizer and raw material cost, price fluctuations, commissions, middlemen’s dishonesty, domestic and export market support and labour costs are major issues. It is recommended to offer awareness programs and training on modern farming techniques and banana export, along with strengthening of farmers organizations and communication channels. The findings will provide important information to support sustainable banana farming for researchers, farmers, policymakers, and agricultural services.
Directorial Culture and Reforming Power of Public Elementary School Teachers
Authors: Lozada Jerlyn T. , Baguio Josephine B.
Published: January 2025

This study aimed to determine the level of directorial culture and reforming power of public elementary school teachers in Sta. Maria District, Division of Davao Occidental. This study used the non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing the correlational method. The respondents of this study were the 131 teachers of public elementary schools in Sta. Maria District, Division of Davao Occidental, using the universal sampling. The data analysis utilized the mean, pearson r and regression analysis. The findings disclosed that the degree of directorial culture of public elementary school teachers in terms of narrow-mindedness, accountability and participation was high and oftentimes manifested, with a mean score of 3.94. Moreover, the level of reforming power of public elementary school teachers in terms of dignity, carefulness, optimistic, practical, and compassion was high and oftentimes manifested with a mean score of 3.87. It was found that there was a significant relationship between directorial culture and the reforming power of public elementary school teachers with a p-value of 0.000. It revealed further that the domains of directorial culture significantly influence reforming power of teachers with a p-value of 0.000. It is recommended that school administrators and policymakers develop and implement professional development programs and activities that enhance the positive aspects of directorial culture, such as accountability and participation. These initiatives should also aim to strengthen the reforming power of teachers. Furthermore, regular assessments and feedback mechanisms should be established to sustain and improve the interplay between directorial culture and teachers' reforming power.
Comparing Traversal Strategies: Depth-first Search vs. Breadth-first Search in Complex Networks
Authors: Ismaeel Ayad Zedo , Zebari Ibarhim M.I.
Published: January 2025

This article compares and contrasts two basic graph traversal algorithms that are commonly employed in computational problem-solving and network research. Common applications of these algorithms include pathfinding, optimisation of network flows, collaborative exploration, and classification tasks. To find out how well they function with different types of datasets, network topologies, and issue domains, researchers have systematically reviewed previous works. We measured the efficiency of each solution using performance indicators like execution time, memory utilisation, and path length. According to the results, one approach is more effective in memory-constrained settings and deep searches, while the other is better at discovering the shortest paths and providing comprehensive coverage. Furthermore, the paper emphasises the advantages of hybrid techniques, which merge the best features of both algorithms to provide better results in specific cases. This comparison helps fill gaps in our knowledge of graph-based problem-solving methods and sheds light on how to choose the best traversal algorithms for different types of applications.
Enhancing Security Workforce Efficiency: Investigating Stress, Attitudes, and Performance Dynamics
Authors: Uy Gerome , Tiu Tomas , Garcia Dante
Published: January 2025

Aims: This study examines factors influencing performance variability among security guards employed by government entities in Metro Manila. It focuses on the relationships between performance outcomes and age, work hours, stress levels, attitude, and job satisfaction.
Study Design: A cross-sectional quantitative and qualitative study design was utilized to identify performance determinants.
Place of Study: Data was collected from 405 security guards across multiple government agencies in Metro Manila.
Methodology: Surveys and interviews were conducted to gather data on demographics, job conditions, stress, attitudes, and job satisfaction. Statistical analyses included tests for outliers, data collinearity, normal distribution of errors, homoscedasticity, linearity, and non-zero variances. Bivariate correlation analysis assessed relationships between performance and key factors, while bootstrap regression analysis explored causal links. Slope tests determined the moderating role of job satisfaction.
Results: Bivariate correlation analysis revealed significant relationships between performance and variables such as age, attitude, work stress, hours worked daily, and job satisfaction at the 0.001 or 0.01% levels. Bootstrap regression analysis confirmed causal relationships between performance and these factors, significant at the 0.002 or 0.02% level.
Job satisfaction emerged as a significant moderator, influencing the effect of age, attitude, work stress, and hours worked on performance. These moderating effects were validated at the 0.002 or 0.02% significance levels, confirming job satisfaction's critical role.
Conclusion: The study demonstrates that age, attitude, work stress, hours worked daily, and job satisfaction significantly impact security guard performance. Job satisfaction plays a vital moderating role, highlighting its importance in improving job performance and addressing workplace challenges effectively.
Police officers have no advantage over civilians when making identifications
Authors: Reisberg Daniel , Pezdek Kathy
Published: November 2023

Some courts have ruled that identification evidence provided by a police officer is more likely to be accurate than comparable evidence provided by a civilian. Identifications made by a police officer are therefore given greater weight and, for these identifications, otherwise‐required procedures and safeguards might be deemed superfluous. We describe the available evidence that examines these notions and argue that police officers actually have no advantage at all over civilians when making identifications. In a recent publication, however, Tupper et al. (2023, Applied Cognitive Psychology, 37, 845–860) offer data that they suggest challenge this claim. We argue that their data, when appropriately analyzed, once again show no police advantage. Their findings therefore converge with the results of 12 prior studies, comparing the identification accuracy for police officers and civilians. We conclude that the best summary of the available data is that the suggestion of a police officer identification advantage is a myth.
Topological Hydrogels for Long‐Term Brain Signal Monitoring, Neuromodulation, and Stroke Treatment
Authors: Shen Zhenzhen , Liang Quanduo , Chang Qi , Liu Yan , Zhang Qiang
Published: November 2023

Stroke is the primary cause of disability without effective rehabilitation methods. Emerging brain–machine interfaces offer promise for regulating brain neural circuits and promoting the recovery of brain function disorders. Implantable probes play key roles in brain–machine interfaces, which are subject to two irreconcilable tradeoffs between conductivity and modulus match/transparency. In this work, mechanically interlocked polyrotaxane is incorporated into topological hydrogels to solve the two tradeoffs at the molecular level through the pulley effect of polyrotaxane. The unique performance of the topological hydrogels enables them to acquire brain neural information and conduct neuromodulation. The probe is capable of continuously recording local field potentials for eight weeks. Optogenetic neuromodulation in the primary motor cortex to regulate brain neural circuits and control limb behavior is realized using the probe. Most importantly, optogenetic neuromodulation is conducted using the probe, which effectively reduces the infarct regions of the brain tissue and promotes locomotor function recovery. This work exhibits a significant scientific advancement in the design concept of neural probes for developing brain‐machine interfaces and seeking brain disease therapies.
Conduction‐Dominated Cryomesh for Organism Vitrification
Authors: Guo Zongqi , Zuchowicz Nikolas , Bouwmeester Jessica , Joshi Amey S. , Neisch Amanda L. , Smith Kieran , Daly Jonathan , Etheridge Michael L. , Finger Erik B. , Kodandaramaiah Suhasa B. , Hays Thomas S. , Hagedorn Mary , Bischof John C.
Published: November 2023

Vitrification‐based cryopreservation is a promising approach to achieving long‐term storage of biological systems for maintaining biodiversity, healthcare, and sustainable food production. Using the “cryomesh” system achieves rapid cooling and rewarming of biomaterials, but further improvement in cooling rates is needed to increase biosystem viability and the ability to cryopreserve new biosystems. Improved cooling rates and viability are possible by enabling conductive cooling through cryomesh. Conduction‐dominated cryomesh improves cooling rates from twofold to tenfold (i.e., 0.24 to 1.2 × 105 °C min−1) in a variety of biosystems. Higher thermal conductivity, smaller mesh wire diameter and pore size, and minimizing the nitrogen vapor barrier (e.g., vertical plunging in liquid nitrogen) are key parameters to achieving improved vitrification. Conduction‐dominated cryomesh successfully vitrifies coral larvae,Drosophilaembryos, and zebrafish embryos with improved outcomes. Not only a theoretical foundation for improved vitrification in µm to mm biosystems but also the capability to scale up for biorepositories and/or agricultural, aquaculture, or scientific use are demonstrated.
Evidence that highly canalized fetal traits are sensitive to intergenerational effects of maternal developmental nutrition
Authors: Ragsdale Haley B. , Lee Nanette R. , Kuzawa Christopher W.
Published: November 2023

Objectives

Maternal experiences before pregnancy predict birth outcomes, a key indicator of health trajectories, but the timing and pathways for these effects are poorly understood. Here we test the hypothesis that maternal pre‐adult growth patterns predict pregnancy glucose and offspring fetal growth in Cebu, Philippines.

Methods

Using multiple regression and path analysis, gestational age‐adjusted birthweight and variables reflecting infancy, childhood, and post‐childhood/adolescent weight gain (conditional weights) were used to predict pregnancy HbA1c and offspring birth outcomes among participants in the Cebu Longitudinal Health and Nutrition Survey.

Results

Maternal early/mid‐childhood weight gain predicted birth weight, length, and head circumference in female offspring. Late‐childhood/adolescent weight gain predicted birth length, birth weight, skinfold thickness, and head circumference in female offspring, and head circumference in male offspring. Pregnancy HbA1c did not mediate relationships between maternal growth and birth size parameters.

Discussion

In Cebu, maternal growth patterns throughout infancy, childhood, and adolescence predict fetal growth via a pathway independent of circulating glucose, with stronger impacts on female than male offspring, consistent with a role of developmental nutrition on offspring fetal growth. Notably, the strength of relationships followed a pattern opposite to what occurs in response to acute pregnancy stress, with strongest effects on head circumference and birth length and weakest on skinfolds. We speculate that developmental sensitivities are reversed for stable, long‐term nutritional cues that reflect average local environments. These findings are relevant to public health and life‐history theory as further evidence of developmental influences on health and resource allocation across the life course.
Click‐Chemistry‐Mediated Cell Membrane Glycopolymer Engineering to Potentiate Dendritic Cell Vaccines
Authors: Yang He , Xiong Zijian , Heng Xingyu , Niu Xiaomeng , Wang Yichen , Yao Lihua , Sun Lele , Liu Zhuang , Chen Hong
Published: November 2023

Dendritic cell vaccine (DCV) holds great potential in tumor immunotherapy owing to its potent ability in eliciting tumor‐specific immune responses. Aiming at engineering enhanced DCV, we report the first effort to construct a glycopolymer‐engineered DC vaccine (G‐DCV) via metabolicglycoengineering and copper‐free click‐chemistry. Model G‐DCV was prepared by firstly delivering tumor antigens, ovalbumin (OVA) into dendritic cells (DC) with fluoroalkane‐grafted polyethyleneimines, followed by conjugating glycopolymers with a terminal group of dibenzocyclooctyne (DBCO) onto dendritic cells. Compared to unmodified DCV, our G‐DCV could induce stronger T cell activation due to the enhanced adhesion between DCs and T cells. Notably, such G‐DCV could more effectively inhibit the growth of the mouse B16‐OVA (expressing OVA antigen) tumor model after adoptive transfer. Moreover, by combination with an immune checkpoint inhibitor, G‐DCV showed further increased anti‐tumor effects in treating different tumor models. Thus, our work provides a novel strategy to enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of DC vaccines.
Subnanometric Bismuth Clusters Confined in Pyrochlore‐Bi2Sn2O7 Enable Remarkable CO2 Photoreduction
Authors: Yan Wenkai , Zhang Yajun , Bi Yingpu
Published: November 2023

The development of highly efficient photocatalysts for conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) with water (H2O) into chemical fuels is of great importance for energy sustainability and carbon resource utilization. Herein, we demonstrated a facile hydrothermal method for in situ construction of subnanometric Bi metallic clusters in pyrochlore‐Bi2Sn2O7 frameworks, leading to the remarkable improvements of photocatalytic performances for CO2 reduction into CO in the absence of sacrificial reagent. More specifically, an outstanding CO evolution activity of 114.1 μmol g−1 h−1 has been achieved, more than 20‐fold improvement compared with the pristine Bi2Sn2O7 (5.7 μmol g−1 h−1). Detailed experiments together with in situ characterizations reveal that the spatially confined Bi clusters could significantly promote charge‐separation/electron‐enrichment and adsorption/activation of CO2 molecules, which provides highly efficient reaction channels to facilitate the generation of *COOH intermediate as well as the subsequent desorption of *CO towards CO formation. These demonstrations provide an important knowledge for precise design and fabrication of highly efficient photocatalysts for CO2 conversion into solar fuels.
Energy efficiency enhancement of a thermal power plant by novel heat integration of Internal Combustion Engine, Boiler, and Organic Rankine Cycle
Authors: Talib Razia , Khan Zakir , Khurram Shahzad , Inayat Abrar , Ghauri Moinuddin , Abbas Mohsin , Watson Ian
Published: November 2023

The utilization of waste energy contributes to reducing carbon emissions and mitigating global warming. A novel heat integration system comprising an Internal Combustion Engine (ICE), Boiler, and Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) coupling is techno‐economically examined in this study. The feasibility of waste heat recovery from industrial boilers of a thermal power plant (Gadoon Textile Mills Limited, Pakistan) having 2.66‐MW capacity was assessed. This was done by efficiently harnessing the waste heat from boiler exhaust gas by coupling an existing system with an ORC. A steady‐state simulation model of the ICE‐Boiler‐ORC system was developed through Power Plant Simulator and Designer (PPSD) software to perform a multiparametric study. Additional heat power (3710 kW) was extracted from the boilers' waste gases through ORC. Consequently, the overall plant thermal efficiency was enhanced from 61.84% to 82.68% and the overall net electric efficiency of the existing system was increased by 0.9%. The average payback period was found 4.2 years based on different plant operation scenarios and equipment prices (Chinese or European origin). Therefore, the proposed system holds significant technical and economic potential for enhancing energy efficiency through low‐grade waste heat and proves to be economically viable with a short payback period.
Eco‐friendly liquid chromatography method for the quantification of ibrutinib in a pharmaceutical dosage form
Authors: Chatki Pankaj Kisan , Mahajan Ujwala N.
Published: November 2023

The objective of this study was to quantitatively determine Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitor ibrutinib in its capsule dosage form and assess the homogeneity of the dosage form using green chromatography. The chromatographic method using gradient elution mode was optimized and validated in accordance with the International Council for Harmonization guidelines. The analysis was conducted on a Zodiac C18 column (75 × 4.6 mm and 3.5 μm) using a mobile phase consisting of pH 5.5 potassium phosphate buffer (mobile phase A) and 90% ethanol in milli‐Q water (mobile phase B), with a flow rate set at 0.6 mL/min. Based on the validation data, the accuracy results fell within the range of 99.1%–100.6%. The relative standard deviation (% RSD) from precision for both the assays and the uniformity of dosage by content uniformity were determined to be 0.82 and 1.16, respectively. The correlation coefficient obtained from the linearity experiment was 0.999, indicating a strong linear relationship. The greenness of the developed method was assessed using various tools, including the National Environmental Methods Index (NEMI) pictogram, Modified NEMI, Analytical Eco‐score calculation, Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) pictogram, Analytical GREEnness (AGREE), and AGREE preparation (AGREEprep). The obtained greenness profile suggests that the optimized LC method is an excellent greener method, supported by the analytical eco‐score of 86.
Food overconsumption: Concept and its measurement
Authors: Mathur Anil
Published: November 2023

Food overconsumption has serious and far‐reaching effects on people, including obesity, negative health outcomes, reduced life expectancy, and financial hardship. Attempts to understand the underlying factors that contribute to food overconsumption are undermined by a lack of clarity about the concept of food overconsumption. This study reports the development of a scale to measure the extent to which individuals engage in food overconsumption (FOC). The FOC scale predicts many outcomes associated with excessive eating. The development of the scale, including item generation, scale refinement, and establishment of its reliability are first reported. This is followed by analyses showing that the FOC is distinct from clinical conditions associated with various eating disorders and measured using well‐established scales (e.g., power‐of‐food scale, three‐factor eating questionnaire, and Dutch eating behavior questionnaire). Based on multiple studies, additional analysis is reported showing that the FOC scale is a reliable and valid measure that can be used to measure food overconsumption. Implications of these findings are also discussed.
Immersive technology and cause‐related marketing: The role of personalization and value co‐creation
Authors: Luan Chi‐Cheng , Phan The Anh
Published: November 2023

This research conducted two studies to investigate the impact of immersive technology adoption on facilitating sustainable consumption behavior according to the perceived value co‐creation model. The first study used an online survey to examine the mediating effect of value co‐creation on the relationship between personalized values and sustainable behavioral intentions in adopting the 360‐degree video. In contrast, the second experimented to investigate the perceived value co‐creation model in adopting the virtual reality game. We collected 501 U.S. participants for watching the video about the presentation of a marine environment in Study 1, while recruited 92 college students in Taiwan to play the game regarding beach cleaning in Study 2. We found that immersive technologies can facilitate personalized values for value co‐creation, leading to increased intention to support, in this case, beach cleaning. The study provides theoretical contributions and managerial implications, providing evidence to show the potential of immersive technologies used in cause‐related marketing associated with sustainable consumption. Prior studies have shown that consumers perceive uncertain toward ethical attributes in sustainable consumption, leading to their low engagement. This research contributes to a solution of the problem by adopting immersive technologies to increase value co‐creation for purchasing cause‐related products.
Dehydrogenative Electrochemical Synthesis of N‐Aryl‐3,4‐Dihydroquinolin‐2‐ones by Iodine(III)‐Mediated Coupling Reaction
Authors: Bieniek Jessica C. , Mashtakov Boris , Schollmeyer Dieter , Waldvogel Siegfried R.
Published: November 2023

Electrochemically generated hypervalent iodine(III) species are powerful reagents for oxidative C−N coupling reactions, providing access to valuable N‐heterocycles. A new electrocatalytic hypervalent iodine(III)‐mediated in‐cell synthesis of 1H‐N‐aryl‐3,4‐dihydroquinolin‐2‐ones by dehydrogenative C−N bond formation is presented. Catalytic amounts of the redox mediator, a low supporting electrolyte concentration and recycling of the solvent used make this method a sustainable alternative to electrochemical ex‐cell or conventional approaches. Furthermore, inexpensive, readily available electrode materials and a simple galvanostatic set‐up are applied. The broad functional group tolerance could be demonstrated by synthesizing 23 examples in yields up to 96 %, with one reaction being performed on a 10‐fold higher scale. Based on the obtained results a sound reaction mechanism could be proposed.
Phenomenological‐based model of direct blue 2 adsorption on corncob in a fixed‐bed
Authors: Presiga‐Posada Nathaly , Alvarez Hernan , Hormaza Angelina
Published: November 2023

This work presents a phenomenologically based semi‐physical model (PBSM) for the liquid–solid adsorption process, which has been experimentally validated. Two modes of operation of adsorption of direct blue 2 dye (DB2) on corn cobs in a fixed bed are discussed by applying the PBSM. The first mode of operation is the typical continuous liquid flow, whereas the second is a semicontinuous mode with the recirculation of liquid leaving the column. These modes of operation were used to illustrate different ways in which the system reaches equilibrium conditions. The equilibrium distribution curve (EDC) for low DB2 concentration was reached with the best fit using the Langmuir–Freundlich model (). The local mass transfer coefficient for the solid phase was evaluated by the PBSM deduction, and subsequently, the diffusivity of the surface solid was experimentally evaluated through comparison in terms of the PBSM. Regardless of the mode of operation, surface diffusion is associated with only the nature of the adsorbent material rather than the concentration of the liquid phase. In addition, the PBSM exhibited liquid and solid concentration changes at different points in the column. Moreover, different operating curves of the process were constructed and validated, exhibiting similar results when comparing the predictions of the model and the experimental data. These findings support the strength of the constructed model, enabling its extension to other adsorbent–dye systems.
Green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles: Characterization and applications for environmental and biomedical fields
Authors: Naaz Shazia , Shet Vinayaka Babu , Mubarak Nabisab Mujawar
Published: November 2023

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the development of plant‐based nanoparticles due to their numerous benefits over conventional physio‐chemical methods, including sustainability and environmental safety. Green synthesis, a process that produces safe and sustainable goods without the use of harsh chemicals or other harmful processes, is gaining popularity. The current study focuses on the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using Piper nigrum leaf extracts, their characterization, and applications. The synthesis of nanoparticles was confirmed by changes in colour, further endorsed by UV–visible spectroscopy. Copper oxide (CuO) nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). CuO nanoparticle sizes ranged between 58.23 and 69.89 nm and were spherical in shape. FTIR results indicated a functional group capped on the nanoparticle surface. The antibacterial activity of the copper oxide nanoparticles was tested, and they exhibited the significant decrease in bacterial concentration and the largest zone of inhibition, making them an efficient disinfectant. Antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli was observed. Furthermore, the synthesized CuO nanoparticles exhibited a high affinity for safranin dyes and demonstrated maximum removal efficiency. This makes them an effective agent for removing dyes in wastewater from industries such as clothing manufacturing. Safranin dye was successfully removed with an efficiency of 78% using nanoparticles. In conclusion, the green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using plant extracts presents an eco‐friendly and sustainable approach for producing nanoparticles with a wide range of potential applications.
Colourless distributed combustion effects on a pre‐mixed coke oven gas flame
Authors: Tasdemir Sezgin , Karyeyen Serhat
Published: November 2023

Fuels consisting of high hydrogen concentration can be consumed under colourless distributed combustion (CDC) to suppress flashback tendency in premixed conditions. Higher NOX challenges can also be overcome through CDC. For those purposes, coke oven gas was consumed under CDC within the scope of this study. To achieve CDC, or diluents were introduced into the oxidizer so that oxygen concentration in the oxidizer would be decreased from 21% O2 to its lean blow‐off limits. Excess air ratios were determined as λ = 1.2 and λ = 1.5 along with a thermal power of 10 kW under premixed conditions. A commercial computational fluid dynamics code was used to predict temperature distribution and , CO, and emissions. 162‐step reactions created with GRI‐Mech 3.0 chemical kinetics was integrated to the eddy dissipation concept combustion model. The temperature and profiles predicted were compared with the experimental results. Consistency was achieved at ~95% for temperature profiles, and almost 100% for profiles between the measured and the predicted ones. According to the results, it is concluded that a more homogeneous temperature distribution with the ~21% decrease in the maximum temperature was observed, and there was about 96% decrease in level. It was also demonstrated that using as a diluent is more effective in terms of temperature distribution over the combustor and reduction, while dilution with is more effective in terms about 70% in decrease on CO.
Asymmetric Two‐Component Alkenyl Catellani Reaction for the Construction of C—N Axial Chirality†
Authors: Wu Chenggui , Liu Ze‐Shui , Shang Yong , Liu Chang , Deng Shuang , Cheng Hong‐Gang , Cong Hengjiang , Jiao Yinchun , Zhou Qianghui
Published: November 2023

Comprehensive Summary

Herein, we report an asymmetric two‐component alkenyl Catellani reaction for the construction of C—N axial chirality through a palladium/chiral norbornene cooperative catalysis and an axial‐to‐axial chirality transfer process. Various partially aromatic iodinated 2‐pyridones, quinolones, coumarin and uracil substrates react with 2,6‐disubstituted aryl bromides with a tethered amide group, to afford a wide variety of polycyclic C—N atropisomers (38 examples, up to 97% e.e.). The obtained C—N axial chirality originates from the preformed transient C—C axial chirality with high fidelity. The synthetic utility of this chemistry is demonstrated by facile preparation of complex quinoline and pyridine based C—N atropisomers through a N‐deprotection and aromatization sequence. In addition, a remote axial‐to‐central diastereoinduction process dictated by C—N axial chirality is observed with excellent diastereocontrol.
Tumor‐infiltrating immune cell score as an independent prognostic predictor for endometrial carcinoma: Insights from a comprehensive analysis of the immune landscape
Authors: Zhang Liping , Zhu Qiaoying , Zhao Qi , Lin Xueping , Song Hui , Liu Hong , Zhu Guiquan , Lu Shun , Cao Bangrong
Published: November 2023

Background

Immune cells are crucial components in the tumor microenvironment and have a significant impact on the outcomes of patients.

Aims

Here, we aimed to establish a prognostic score based on different types of tumor‐infiltrating immune cells for Endometrial Carcinoma (EC).

Methods and Results

We enrolled and analyzed 516 EC patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The relative abundance of 22 immune cells were estimated by using the CIBERSORTx algorithm. Cox regression was performed to identify potential prognostic immune cells, which were used to develop a Tumor‐infiltrating Immune Cell Score (TICS). The prognostic and incremental value of TICS for overall survival were compared with traditional prognostic factors using the C‐index and decision curves. Clustering analysis using all immune cells identified three immune landscape subtypes, which had weak correlation with survival. A TICS was constructed using CD8T cells, resting memory CD4 T cells, activated NK and activated DCs, and classified patients as low‐, moderate‐ and high‐risk subgroups. The low‐risk subgroup had higher tumor mutation burden and activation of IL2/STAT5, IL2/STAT3 and IFN‐gamma response pathways. Conversely, the high‐risk subgroup was associated with DNA copy number variation, hypoxia and EMT process. The TICS subgroups significantly predicted overall survival, which was independent of patient age, tumor stage, grade and molecular classification. Moreover, we developed a nomogram incorporating TICS and clinicopathologic factors, which significantly improved the predictive accuracy compared to the clinicopathologic model alone.

Conclusion

The TICS is an effective and independent prognostic predictor for EC patients and may serve as a useful supplement to clinicopathological factors and molecular subtyping.
Genetic diversity of a short‐ranged endemic terrestrial snail
Authors: Gretgrix Lachlan J. , Decker Orsi , Green Peter T. , Köhler Frank , Moussalli Adnan , Murphy Nicholas P.
Published: November 2023

The factors that influence population structure and connectivity are unknown for most terrestrial invertebrates but are of particular interest both for understanding the impacts of disturbance and for determining accurate levels of biodiversity and local endemism. The main objective of this study was to determine the historical patterns of genetic differentiation and contemporary gene flow in the terrestrial snail, Austrochloritis kosciuszkoensis (Shea & O. L. Griffiths, 2010). Snails were collected in the Mt Buffalo and Alpine National Parks in Victoria, in a bid to understand how populations of this species are connected both within continuous habitat and between adjacent, yet separate environments. Utilising both mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data, the degree of population structure was determined within and between sites. Very high levels of genetic divergence were found between the Mt Buffalo and Alpine snails, with no evidence for genetic exchange detected between the two regions, indicating speciation has possibly occurred between the two regions. Our analyses of the combined mtDNA and nDNA (generated from SNPs) data have revealed patterns of genetic diversity that are consistent with a history of long‐term isolation and limited connectivity. This history may be related to past cycles of changes to the climate over hundreds of thousands of years, which have, in part, caused the fragmentation of Australian forests. Within both regions, extremely limited gene flow between separate populations suggests that these land snails have very limited dispersal capabilities across existing landscape barriers, especially at Mt Buffalo: here, populations only 5 km apart from each other are genetically differentiated. The distinct genetic divergences and clearly reduced dispersal ability detected in this data explain the likely existence of at least two previously unnamed cryptic Austrochloritis species within a 30–50 km radius, and highlight the need for more concentrated efforts to understand population structure and gene flow in terrestrial invertebrates.
Shedding Light on Eu(III) β‐Diketonate Compounds with 1,2‐Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane Oxide Ligand: an Optical Study
Authors: Santos Paulo R. S. , Jesus Ashley A. S. S. , Lima William B. , Arruda Joaldo G. , Faustino Wagner M. , Felinto Maria C. F. C. , Sabino José R. , Brito Hermi F. , Costa Israel F. , Moura Renaldo T. , Carneiro Neto Albano N. , Malta Oscar L. , Terraschke Huayna , Teotonio Ercules E. S.
Published: November 2023

A series of novel lanthanide β‐diketonate coordination compounds containing the ancillary ligand bis(diphenylphosphino) oxide (dppeO2) have been synthesized, characterized, and studied spectroscopically. The compounds of formulas Ln(β‐dik)3(dppeO2), where Ln: Eu and Gd and β‐dik ligands as tta (Ln‐1), btf (Ln‐2), bzac (Ln‐5) and tfac (Ln‐4), and Ln2(β‐dik)6(dppeO2) with ligand dbm (Ln‐3) and fod (Ln‐6). Their photophysical properties were investigated from the Judd‐Ofelt intensity parameters (
), radiative (
) and non‐radiative (
) rates, intrinsic (
) and overall (
) quantum yields, and CIE (x,y) color coordinates. The Eu‐5 and Eu‐6 compounds have the first excited triplet states T1 (around 18802 and 18976 cm−1, respectively) almost resonant with the Eu3+ 5D0 emission level, whereas the complexes Eu‐1, Eu‐2, Eu‐3, and Eu‐4 exhibited higher T1 energies. The
values were predominantly driven by the intensity parameter
, suggesting more pronounced angular changes in the first coordination sphere of the Eu3+ ion. The
values also exhibited significant changes with the β‐diketonate ligands. Eu‐1 showed the highest value of
(60 %), indicating a more efficient intramolecular energy transfer process. On the other hand, Eu‐5 and Eu‐6 compounds showed
values equal to 18.7 % and 16.5 %, respectively, which indicates the presence of luminescence quencher channels.
Updated Chronic Copper Bioavailability Models for Invertebrates and Algae
Authors: Nys Charlotte , Van Sprang Patrick , Lofts Stephen , Baken Stijn , Delbeke Katrien , De Schamphelaere Karel
Published: November 2023

Chronic copper (Cu) bioavailability models have been successfully implemented in European risk assessment frameworks and compliance evaluations. However, they were developed almost two decades ago, which calls for an update. In the study, we present updated chronic Cu bioavailability models for invertebrates and algae. They consider recent ecotoxicity data sets and use the more recent speciation model Windermere Humic Aqueous Model (WHAM) VII and an optimized model structure (i.e., a generalized bioavailability model [gBAM]). Contrary to the classic biotic ligand model, a gBAM models the effect of pH on Cu2+ toxicity via a log-linear relationship parametrized through the pH slope SpH. The recalibrated SpH parameters are −0.208 for invertebrates (Daphnia magna, two clones) and −0.975 for algae (Raphidocelis subcapitata and Chlorella vulgaris). The updated models predict 80% to 100% of the observed effect levels for eight different species within a factor of 2. The only exception was one of the two data sets considering subchronic 7-day mortality to Hyalella azteca: the prediction performance of the updated invertebrate model at pH ≥ 8.3 was poor because the effect of pH on Cu2+ toxicity appeared to be dependent on the pH itself (with a steeper pH slope compared with the updated invertebrate model at pH ≥ 8.1). The prediction performance of the updated Cu bioavailability models was similar to or better than that of the models used for regulatory application in Europe until now, with one exception (i.e., H. azteca). Together with the recently published fish bioavailability model, the models developed in the present study constitute a complete, updated, and consistent bioavailability model set. Overall, the updated chronic Cu bioavailability model set is robust and can be used in regulatory applications. The updated bioavailability model set is currently used under the European Union Registration, Evaluation, Authorisation, and Restriction of Chemicals framework regulation to guide the safe use of Cu. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:450–467. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.
Environmentally Relevant Concentrations of the Insecticide Fipronil Modulated Molecular Response in Chironomus riparius
Authors: Pinto Thandy Junio da Silva , Martínez-Guitarte José-Luis , Amaral Dias Mariana , Montagner Cassiana Carolina , Espindola Evaldo Luiz Gaeta , Muñiz-González Ana-Belén
Published: November 2023

Pesticides employed worldwide for crop protection easily reach aquatic systems, which act as the main reservoirs, and become a risk factor for aquatic fauna. Fipronil is a broad-spectrum insecticide acting on the insect nervous system; however, other effects and systems unrelated to this mechanism could be affected in non-target organisms. Thus, the present study aimed to assess the impact of fipronil on the suborganismal response (gene expression and enzymatic activity) of Chironomus riparius larvae as a model organism in ecotoxicology. To this end, short-term toxicity tests were carried out with fourth-instar larvae exposed to 0.001, 0.01, and 0.1 µg L−1 of fipronil for 24 and 96 h. Messenger RNA levels of 42 genes related to diverse metabolic pathways were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction, complemented with catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activities. Few effects were observed at 24 h; however, after longer exposure (96 h), genes involved in the endocrine, detoxification, stress, and immune response pathways were altered. Moreover, fipronil at 96 h increased CAT and GST activity at 0.01 µg L−1 and AChE at the highest concentrations. The results demonstrate that even low environmentally relevant fipronil concentrations can modulate the molecular response of several cellular pathways in C. riparius after short-term exposure. These results bring new information about the underlying response of fipronil and its mode of action on a key aquatic invertebrate. Despite no effects on mortality, strong modulation at the suborganismal level emphasizes the advantage of biomarkers as early damage responses and the harmful impact of this pesticide on freshwater organisms. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;43:405–417. © 2023 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.

Abstract

Fipronil alters molecular response in Chironomus riparius. PCR, polymerase chain reaction; GST, glutathione S-transferase; shsp, small heat shock protein; ATM, ataxia telangiectasia mutated; Dis, disembodied; E93, ecdysone-induced protein 93; EcR, ecdysone receptor; JHAMT, juvenile hormone acid methyltransferase; Cyp, cytochrome P450; hsp, heat shock protein; def, defensin; Krh1, Krüppel homolog 1; MAPR, membrane-associated progesterone receptor; MRP-1, multidrug resistance–associated protein 1; CAT = catalase; SOD = superoxide dismutase.
Dietary antioxidant status indices may not interact with CETP Taq1B polymorphism on lipid profile and severity of coronary artery stenosis in patients under coronary angiography
Authors: Ahmadi Vasmehjani Azam , Seyed Hosseini Seyed Mostafa , Khayyatzadeh Sayyed Saeid , Madadizadeh Farzan , Mazaheri‐Naeini Mahta , Yavari Mahdie , Darabi Zahra , Beigrezaei Sara , Taftian Marzieh , Arabi Vahid , Motallaei Maryam , Salehi‐Abargouei Amin , Nadjarzadeh Azadeh
Published: November 2023

The association of CETP Taq1B polymorphism with some metabolic traits is still controversial. The interaction of adherence to dietary indices with this polymorphism on the severity of coronary artery stenosis and serum lipid parameters needs to be investigated. This study aimed to test this hypothesis. This cross‐sectional study included 453 patients who were referred from Afshar Hospital of Yazd and undergoing coronary angiography from 2020 to 2021. Dietary intake was evaluated by a 178‐item validated and reliable dietary questionnaire. Dietary indices such as dietary antioxidant index (DAI), dietary antioxidant quality score (DAQS), and dietary phytochemical index (DPI) are determined according to dietary guidelines. The Taq1B variant was genotyped by the polymerase chain reaction‐restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR‐RFLP). Two‐way ANOVA was used to test the interaction between Taq1B polymorphism and dietary indices. The results of the frequency analysis of Taq1B genotypes showed that 10.4% were B1B1, 72.4% B1B2, and 17.2% B2B2. No significant interaction was found between the Taq1B variant with high adherence to DAQS, DAI, and DPI on total cholesterol (TC), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL), low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), triglyceride (TG) levels, and Gensini score (GS) and Syntax score (SS). In high‐adherence dietary indices, lipid profile and coronary artery stenosis scores did not differ significantly in Taq1B genotypes. Due to the insignificant results in this research, further studies are needed to investigate the role of Taq1B SNP in modulating dyslipidemia and the severity of the CAD in interaction with dietary indices.