bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Four ways blue foods can help achieve food system ambitions across nations
Authors: Crona Beatrice I. , Wassénius Emmy , Jonell Malin , Koehn J. Zachary , Short Rebecca , Tigchelaar Michelle , Daw Tim M. , Golden Christopher D. , Gephart Jessica A. , Allison Edward H. , Bush Simon R. , Cao Ling , Cheung William W. L. , DeClerck Fabrice , Fanzo Jessica , Gelcich Stefan , Kishore Avinash , Halpern Benjamin S. , Hicks Christina C. , Leape James P. , Little David C. , Micheli Fiorenza , Naylor Rosamond L. , Phillips Michael , Selig Elizabeth R. , Springmann Marco , Sumaila U. Rashid , Troell Max , Thilsted Shakuntala H. , Wabnitz Colette C. C.
Published: February 2023

Blue foods, sourced in aquatic environments, are important for the economies, livelihoods, nutritional security and cultures of people in many nations. They are often nutrient rich1, generate lower emissions and impacts on land and water than many terrestrial meats2, and contribute to the health3, wellbeing and livelihoods of many rural communities4. The Blue Food Assessment recently evaluated nutritional, environmental, economic and justice dimensions of blue foods globally. Here we integrate these findings and translate them into four policy objectives to help realize the contributions that blue foods can make to national food systems around the world: ensuring supplies of critical nutrients, providing healthy alternatives to terrestrial meat, reducing dietary environmental footprints and safeguarding blue food contributions to nutrition, just economies and livelihoods under a changing climate. To account for how context-specific environmental, socio-economic and cultural aspects affect this contribution, we assess the relevance of each policy objective for individual countries, and examine associated co-benefits and trade-offs at national and international scales. We find that in many African and South American nations, facilitating consumption of culturally relevant blue food, especially among nutritionally vulnerable population segments, could address vitamin B12and omega-3 deficiencies. Meanwhile, in many global North nations, cardiovascular disease rates and large greenhouse gas footprints from ruminant meat intake could be lowered through moderate consumption of seafood with low environmental impact. The analytical framework we provide also identifies countries with high future risk, for whom climate adaptation of blue food systems will be particularly important. Overall the framework helps decision makers to assess the blue food policy objectives most relevant to their geographies, and to compare and contrast the benefits and trade-offs associated with pursuing these objectives.
RCS reduction using grounded multi-height multi-dielectrics metasurfaces
Authors: Heidari Maryam , Sedighy Seyed Hassan , Amirhosseini Mohamad Khalaj
Published: February 2023

In this paper, the PO method with the array theory are used to formulate the RCS of a grounded multi-height dielectric surface which can be employed in the design and optimization of a metasurface consisting of dielectric tiles with different heights and permittivities. The proposed closed form relations can be used instead of full wave simulation to design an optimized dielectric grounded metasurface, properly. Finally, three different RCS reducer metasurfaces are designed and optimized with three different dielectric tiles by using the proposed analytical relations. The results prove that the proposed ground dielectric metasurface achieve more than 10 dB RCS reduction at 4.4–16.3 GHz (114.9%) frequency range. This result proves the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed analytical method which can be used in the RCS reducer metasurfaces design.
GRIM-19 in asthenozoospermia regulates GC-2 spd cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration
Authors: Li Fei , Niu Aiqin , Zhao Kangjun , Feng Jianbing , Chen Ying
Published: February 2023

Asthenozoospermia (AZS) is a severe form of male infertility with no clear pathogenesis, despite numerous research efforts, there is no consensus on this. This study was to investigate the expression of gene-associated with retinoid-interferon-induced mortality 19 (GRIM-19) in the sperm of patients with asthenozoospermia and the regulation of GC-2 spd cell proliferation, apoptosis and migration. We analyzed the sperm samples from 82 asthenozoospermia and normal patients were collected in the First People's Hospital of Shangqiu and the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University. Immunofluorescence, western blots and RT-qPCR analyses were used to verify the expressions of GRIM-19. MTT assays were used to assess cell proliferations, flow cytometry was performed to assess cell apoptosis, wound‑healing was performed to measure cell migration. Immunofluorescence showed that GRIM-19 is predominantly expressed in the sperm mid-piece, the mRNA expressions of GRIM-19 in sperms of the asthenozoospermia group were significantly low, relative to the normal group (OR 0.266; 95% CI = 0.081–0.868; P = 0.028). The protein expressions of GRIM-19 in sperms of the asthenozoospermia group were significantly lower than that of the normal group as well (GRIM-19/GAPDH: 0.827 ± 0.063 vs 0.458 ± 0.033; P < 0.001). GRIM-19 overexpression promotes GC-2 spd cell proliferation and migration and reduces apoptosis, while GRIM-19-silenced reduces GC-2 spd cell proliferation and migration and increased apoptosis. GRIM-19 is closely related to the occurrence of asthenozoospermia and promotes GC-2 spd cell proliferation and migration and reduces apoptosis.
A multiplexed, paired-pooled droplet digital PCR assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 in saliva
Authors: Wagner Kaitlyn , Fox Phil , Gordon Elizabeth , Hahn Westen , Olsen Kenzie , Markham Alex , Buglewicz Dylan , Selemenakis Platon , Lessard Avery , Goldstein Daniella , Threatt Alissa , Davis Luke , Miller-Dawson Jake , Stockett Halie , Sanders Hailey , Rugh Kristin , Turner Houston , Remias Michelle , Williams Maggie , Chavez Jorge , Galindo Gabriel , Cialek Charlotte , Koch Amanda , Fout Alex , Fosdick Bailey , Broeckling Bettina , Zabel Mark D.
Published: February 2023

In response to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, we developed a multiplexed, paired-pool droplet digital PCR (MP4) screening assay. Key features of our assay are the use of minimally processed saliva, 8-sample paired pools, and reverse-transcription droplet digital PCR (RT-ddPCR) targeting the SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid gene. The limit of detection was determined to be 2 and 12 copies per µl for individual and pooled samples, respectively. Using the MP4 assay, we routinely processed over 1,000 samples a day with a 24-h turnaround time and over the course of 17 months, screened over 250,000 saliva samples. Modeling studies showed that the efficiency of 8-sample pools was reduced with increased viral prevalence and that this could be mitigated by using 4-sample pools. We also present a strategy for, and modeling data supporting, the creation of a third paired pool as an additional strategy to employ under high viral prevalence.
Targeting DNA repair pathways with B02 and Nocodazole small molecules to improve CRIS-PITCh mediated cassette integration in CHO-K1 cells
Authors: Rahmani Behnaz , Kheirandish Mohammad Hassan , Ghanbari Samaneh , Raz Abbasali , Shamsi Fahimeh , Davami Fatemeh
Published: February 2023

CRISPR-mediated integration could be used to develop the recombinant CHO (rCHO) cells by knock-in into the hotspot loci. However, low HDR efficiency besides the complex donor design is the main barrier for achieving so. The recently introduced MMEJ-mediated CRISPR system (CRIS-PITCh) uses a donor with short homology arms, being linearized in the cells via two sgRNAs. In this paper, a new approach to improve CRIS-PITCh knock-in efficiency by employing small molecules was investigated. Two small molecules, B02, a Rad51 inhibitor, and Nocodazole, a G2/M cell cycle synchronizer, were used to target the S100A hotspot site using a bxb1 recombinase comprised landing pad in CHO-K1 cells. Following transfection, the CHO-K1 cells were treated with the optimum concentration of one or combination of small molecules, being determined by the cell viability or flow cytometric cell cycle assay. Stable cell lines were generated and the single-cell clones were achieved by the clonal selection procedure. The finding showed that B02 improved the PITCh-mediated integration approximately twofold. In the case of Nocodazole treatment, the improvement was even more significant, up to 2.4-fold. However, the combinatorial effects of both molecules were not substantial. Moreover, according to the copy number and out-out PCR analyses, 5 and 6 of 20 clonal cells exhibited mono-allelic integration in Nocodazole and B02 groups, respectively. The results of the present study as the first attempt to enhance the CHO platform generation by exploiting two small molecules in the CRIS-PITCh system could be used in future researches to establish rCHO clones.
Exploring soil bacterial diversity in different micro-vegetational habitats of Dachigam National Park in North-western Himalaya
Authors: Mushtaq Hina , Ganai Bashir Ahmad , Jehangir Arshid
Published: February 2023

Dachigam National Park (DNP), in Zabarwan mountains of north-western Himalaya constitutes a region of high biodiversity with greater endemism. DNP is known for its unique micro-climate together with distinct vegetational zones providing home to variety of threatened and endemic plant, animal, and bird species. However, studies on soil microbial diversity in fragile ecosystems of north-western Himalaya in general and DNP in particular are lacking. This was thus a maiden attempt to study variations in soil bacterial diversity of DNP with respect to changing soil physico-chemical properties, vegetation, and altitude. Soil parameters depicted significant variations among different sites with highest values for temperature, OC, OM and TN being 22.2 ± 0.75 °C, 6.53 ± 0.32%, 11.25 ± 0.54%, 0.545 ± 0.04% from site-2 (low altitudinal grassland site) in summer and lowest of 5.1 ± 0.65 °C, 1.24 ± 0.26%, 2.14 ± 0.45% and 0.132 ± 0.04% at site-9 (high altitudinal mixed pine site) in winter. Bacterial CFU showed significant correlations with soil physico-chemical attributes. This study led to the isolation and identification of 92 morphologically varied bacteria with the highest (15) from site-2 and lowest (04) from site-9 which post BLAST analysis (via 16S rRNA analysis) depicted presence of only 57 distinct bacterial species under taxonomic phylum, Firmicutes and Proteobacteria. Nine species were widely spread (i.e., isolated from > 3 sites), however, most bacteria (37) were restricted to a particular site. Diversity indices ranged between 1.380 to 2.631 (Shannon–Weiner’s index); 0.747 to 0.923 (Simpson’s index) with highest values for site-2 and lowest for site-9. Index of similarity was highest (47.1%) between riverine sites (site-3 and site-4) whereas two mixed pine sites (site-9 and site-10) showed no similarity.
Identification of Parkinson’s disease-associated chromatin regulators
Authors: Xing Hailong , Wang Shanshan , Li Ke
Published: February 2023

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a common neurological disorder that causes quiescent tremors, motor delays, depression, and sleep disturbances. Existing treatments can only improve symptoms, not stop progression or cure the disease, but effective treatments can significantly improve patients’ quality of life. There is growing evidence that chromatin regulatory proteins (CRs) are involved in a variety of biological processes, including inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and proliferation. But the relationship of chromatin regulators in Parkinson’s disease has not been studied. Therefore, we aim to investigate the role of CRs in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. We collected 870 chromatin regulatory factors from previous studies and downloaded data on patients with PD from the GEO database. 64 differentially expressed genes were screened, the interaction network was constructed and the key genes with the top 20 scores were calculated. Then we discussed its correlation with the immune function of PD. Finally, we screened potential drugs and miRNAs. Five genes related to the immune function of PD, BANF1, PCGF5, WDR5, RYBP and BRD2, were obtained by using the absolute value of correlation greater than 0.4. And the disease prediction model showed good predictive efficiency. We also screened 10 related drugs and 12 related miRNAs, which provided a reference for the treatment of PD. BANF1, PCGF5, WDR5, RYBP and BRD2 are related to the immune process of Parkinson’s disease and can predict the occurrence of Parkinson’s disease, which is expected to become a new target for the diagnosis and treatment of Parkinson’s disease.
A jigsaw-structured artificial solid electrolyte interphase for high-voltage lithium metal batteries
Authors: Chen Luyi , Lai Jiawei , Li Zhongliang , Zou Hanqin , Yang Jianghong , Ding Kui , Cai Yue-Peng , Zheng Qifeng
Published: February 2023

The practical application of lithium-metal batteries is hindered by insufficient lithium Coulombic efficiency and uncontrolled dendrite growth, bringing a challenge concerning how to create robust solid electrolyte interphases (SEIs) that can regulate Li+transport and protect reactive lithium-metal. Here, we present the rational construction of a multi-component jigsaw-like artificial SEI by the integration of fluorine-containing silane and polyether-containing silane. The fluorine-donating group prevents the parasitic reaction and yields a dense structure for homogeneous lithium deposition. Additionally, the lithophilicity of ethylene glycol backbone facilitates the rapid transport of Li+and the cross-linked network increases mechanical robustness of the SEI. With this artificial SEI, we show highly reversible lithium plating and stripping cycling for more than 500 hours. Moreover, we also demonstrate stable operation of high-voltage LiNi0.8Co0.1Mn0.1O2cathode in both coin and pouch cells under high loading, limiting excess lithium, and lean electrolyte conditions, holding great prospects for the practical application of high-voltage lithium-metal batteries.
Amidation by reactive extrusion for the synthesis of active pharmaceutical ingredients teriflunomide and moclobemide
Authors: Lavayssiere Matthieu , Lamaty Frédéric
Published: February 2023

The solventless synthesis of teriflunomide and moclobemide was realized in a twin-screw extruder.
Energy harvesting from mechanical vibrations: self-rectification effect
Authors: Ghashami Gholamreza , Mahnama Maryam , Moghimi Zand Mahdi , Mehdi Vaez Allaei S. , López-Suárez Miquel
Published: February 2023

Using an MD approach, the polarization and voltage generated under tensile and compressing strains were obtained. Also, a design of an energy harvester performing partial rectification of the generated piezoelectric output voltage was presented.
Determining surface-specific Hubbard-Ucorrections and identifying key adsorbates on nickel and cobalt oxide catalyst surfaces
Authors: Jiang Shang , Mushrif Samir H.
Published: February 2023

A synergistic application of XPS and DFT+Uis used to determine surface specificUvalues for NiO (100) and Co3O4(100), and to identify adsorbed surface moieties corresponding to experimentally observed XPS shifts.
Insight into the structural and electrochemical properties of the interface between a Na6SOI2 solid electrolyte and a metallic Na anode
Authors: Choe Song-Hyok , Hong Won-Hyok , Kim Kum-Chol , Yu Chol-Jun
Published: February 2023

The structural and electrochemical properties of the interface formed between a Na6SOI2 solid electrolyte and a metallic Na anode were investigated by using first-principles calculations. Stable interface formation and fast ionic conductivity were found.
Chemical similarity of dialkyl carbonates and carbon dioxide opens an avenue for novel greenhouse gas scavengers: cheap recycling and low volatility via experiments and simulations
Authors: Chaban Vitaly V. , Andreeva Nadezhda A. , Bernard Franciele L. , M. dos Santos Leonardo , Einloft Sandra
Published: February 2023

Global warming linked to the industrial emissions of greenhouse gases may be the end of mankind unless it is adequately and timely handled.
BODIPY–GO nanocomposites decorated with a biocompatible branched ethylene glycol moiety for targeted PDT
Authors: Öztürk Gündüz Ezel , Atajanov Rovshen , Gedik M. Emre , Tanrıverdi Eçik Esra , Günaydın Gürcan , Okutan Elif
Published: February 2023

New BODIPYs and their GO nanocarriers were prepared to determine theirin vitroPDT efficiencies against K562 cancer cells.
Recent advances in microfluidics for single-cell functional proteomics
Authors: Gebreyesus Sofani Tafesse , Muneer Gul , Huang Chih-Cheng , Siyal Asad Ali , Anand Mihir , Chen Yu-Ju , Tu Hsiung-Lin
Published: February 2023

This article covers exciting developments of recent microfluidics-based single-cell proteomics methods and their utilizations to tackle important biological questions for both basic and translational research.
Acquiring preferred mode of aggregation through positional antagonism for saponification triggered gelation
Authors: Chand Prem , Kumar Ashish
Published: February 2023

The mode of aggregation during saponification triggered gelation depends on the positional occupancy of a substituent (–OCH3 group).
Synthesis of a novel triphenylamine-based multifunctional fluorescent probe for continuous recognition applications
Authors: Tian Xiaoyong , Zhang Kezhen , Wang Nan , Cheng Baijie , Xu Hongyao , Guang Shanyi
Published: February 2023

In this paper, a novel fluorescent probe, TPA-PAT, with continuous recognition based on triphenylamine was designed, synthesized, and characterized by NMR, IR, and fluorescence spectrophotometry techniques.
Synthesis of bagasse-derived carboxymethyl cellulose aerogels for efficient removal of cationic dyes and heavy metal ions
Authors: Li Fuchao , Jia Wenhan , Liu Ziyi , Wen Jianfeng , Hu Guanghui , Tang Tao , Jiang Li , Li Xinyu , Li Ming , Huang Haifu
Published: February 2023

With increasing attention on environmental impacts and sustainable development, the conversion of underutilised bagasse (BG) or low-value fibre waste into biosorbents has considerable potential applications.
Correction: Surface lanthanide activator doping for constructing highly efficient energy transfer-based nanoprobes for the on-site monitoring of atmospheric sulfur dioxide
Authors: Zhang Cuilan , Ling Xiao , Mei Qingsong , He Hongbo , Deng Shengsong , Zhang Yong
Published: February 2023

Correction for ‘Surface lanthanide activator doping for constructing highly efficient energy transfer-based nanoprobes for the on-site monitoring of atmospheric sulfur dioxide’ by Cuilan Zhang et al., Analyst, 2020, 145, 537–543, https://doi.org/10.1039/C9AN01725A.
A dual-amplified ROS-responsive nanosystem with self-accelerating drug release for synergistic chemotherapy
Authors: Li Jun , Zong Qingyu , Zhao Zhongyi , Yuan Youyong
Published: February 2023

Herein, we have developed a ROS-responsive nanosystem (PTCD@B) equipped with a dual-cycle amplification effect to improve the prodrug activation efficiency and tumor selectivity for synergistic chemotherapy.
Current oscillations from bipolar nanopores for statistical monitoring of hydrogen evolution on a confined electrochemical catalyst
Authors: Tian Lei , Liang Jing , Gao Yingjie , Gao Xiang , Kang Xiaofeng
Published: February 2023

Periodic current oscillations from bipolar catalysts confined in a glass nanopore were used to statistically study single-bubble generation on and departure from the catalysts.
Two-dimensional Janus MGeSiP4 (M = Ti, Zr, and Hf) with an indirect band gap and high carrier mobilities: first-principles calculations
Authors: Hiep Nguyen T. , Anh Nguyen P. Q. , Phuc Huynh V. , Nguyen Cuong Q. , Hieu Nguyen N. , Vi Vo T. T.
Published: February 2023

New 2D Janus MGeSiP4 (M = Ti, Zr or Hf) monolayers are successfully designed and their crystal lattices, stabilities, and electronic and transport properties are systematically investigated via first-principles calculations based on density functional theory.
Insights into the deviation from piecewise linearity in transition metal complexes from supervised machine learning models
Authors: Cytter Yael , Nandy Aditya , Duan Chenru , Kulik Heather J.
Published: February 2023

Artificial neural networks trained on 23 density functional approximations (DFAs) from multiple rungs of “Jacob's ladder” enable the prediction of where each DFA has zero curvature for chemical discovery.
Current approaches, emerging developments and functional prospects for lignin-based catalysts – a review
Authors: Mennani Mehdi , Kasbaji Meriem , Ait Benhamou Anass , Boussetta Abdelghani , Mekkaoui Ayoub Abdelkader , Grimi Nabil , Moubarik Amine
Published: February 2023

Lignin is a promising bio-polyphenol that can be used as a catalyst in various industrial and commercial processes. Its high catalytic activity and reusability can provide a sustainable alternative to conventional catalysts.
Controlled synthesis of spinous gold nanoparticles and their use for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of the antibiotic sulfathiazole
Authors: Vo Khuong Quoc , Tran Man Van , Nguyen Thu Anh , Tran Cao Anh-Thi , Vu Sy Van , Tran Kha Ni , Si Nguyen Thanh , Pham Vu-Nhat
Published: February 2023

Spinous nanostructures with long tips could improve the SERS detection of sulfathiazole by creating more hot spots in the vicinity of particles.
Copper iodide nanoparticles (CuI NPs): an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of alkynyl esters
Authors: Sushmita  , Patel Monika , Thakur Deepika , Verma Akhilesh K.
Published: February 2023

This reported protocol provides alkynyl esters with good yields, and a broad substrate scope, less reaction time, neat reaction conditions, and enhanced values of green chemistry are its advantageous features.
Fabrication and optimization of AA5754/SiC nanocomposites via friction-stir processing (FSP)
Authors: Rezaei Morteza , Davari Ali , Mirhosseini Seyyed Saber , Shamsipur Ali
Published: February 2023

Metal-matrix composites (MMC) are cost-effective alternatives to steel and iron resources. This research investigates the properties of the nanocomposites created by SiC nanoparticles. AA5754 was chosen as a matrix and fabricated by friction-stir processing (FSP). The effects of input parameters, including rotational/traverse speeds, number of passes on the microhardness, and topography, were studied through the response surface methodology. Each parameter was selected in three levels, and other parameters were considered constant. To examine the effect of SiC nanoparticles, optical microscopy (OM), SEM, and microhardness tests were used. Due to the distribution of SiC nanoparticles and homogeneous microstructure coinciding with high microhardness, the optimal rotational speed, traverse speed, and the number of passes at 500 rpm, 20 mm/min, and 3 were obtained, respectively. Also, the average microhardness profile and the average grain size in the SZ region for the optimal sample were equal to 68 Vickers and 1.5 Microns, respectively. The results showed that increasing the number of passes accrued appropriate nanoparticle distribution. During operation, various mechanisms occurred, such as nucleation during recrystallization and placement of SiC nanoparticles at the grain boundaries, which prevent grain boundary migration and inhibit grain growth.
Enhancement-Optionen nach Linsen- und refraktiver Hornhautchirurgie
Authors: Feldhaus Lukas , Luft Nikolaus , Mayer Wolfgang
Published: February 2023

Gelegentlich kommt es trotz aller Sorgfalt und präziser Operationstechnik in der Katarakt- und Refraktivchirurgie zu unbefriedigenden refraktiven und visuellen Ergebnissen. In diesen Fällen ist eine nachträgliche Korrektur erforderlich, um das beste endgültige visuelle Ergebnis zu erzielen. Dieser Beitrag zeigt die Möglichkeiten zur Behandlung residualer Refraktionsfehler nach Linsen- und refraktiver Hornhautchirurgie auf.
Continuous Myocardial Perfusion during Distal Anastomosis of Acute Type A Aortic Dissection
Authors: Ou Chia-Yu , Hu Hsiang-Wei , Lin Ting-Wei , Roan Jun-Neng , Hu Yu-Ning , Wang Yi-Cheng , Tsai Meng-Ta
Published: February 2023

Background The effect of continuous myocardial perfusion (CMP) on the surgical results of acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD) remains unclear.

Methods From January 2017 to March 2022, 141 patients who underwent ATAAD (90.8%) or intramural hematoma (9.2%) surgery were reviewed. Fifty-one patients (36.2%) received proximal-first aortic reconstruction and CMP during distal anastomosis. Ninety patients (63.8%) underwent distal-first aortic reconstruction and were placed in traditional cold blood cardioplegic arrest (CA; 4°C, 4:1 blood-to-Plegisol) throughout the procedure. The preoperative presentations and intraoperative details were balanced using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). Their postoperative morbidity and mortality were analyzed.

Results The median age was 60 years. The incidence of arch reconstruction in the unweighted data was higher in the CMP compared with the CA group (74.5 vs 52.2%, p = 0.017) but was balanced after IPTW (62.4 vs 58.9%, p = 0.932, standardized mean difference = 0.073). The median cardiac ischemic time was lower in the CMP group (60.0 vs 130.9 minutes, p < 0.001), but cerebral perfusion time and cardiopulmonary bypass time were similar. The CMP group did not demonstrate any benefit in the reduction of the postoperative maximum creatine kinase-MB ratio (4.4 vs 5.1% in CA, p = 0.437) or postoperative low cardiac output (36.6 vs 24.8%, p = 0.237). Surgical mortality was comparable between groups (15.5% in CMP vs 7.5% in the CA group, p = 0.265).

Conclusion Application of CMP during distal anastomosis in ATAAD surgery, irrespective of the extent of aortic reconstruction, reduced myocardial ischemic time but did not improve cardiac outcome or mortality.
Erratum: Das eigene Handeln mit Abstand betrachten – Im Gespräch über Metakognition
Authors: Klibor Andrea , Tuena-Küpfer Simone
Published: February 2023

Die Wahrnehmung auf das eigene Denken zu richten, benötigt Zeit, Überzeugung, Motivation und Leidenschaft. Im Rahmen des Clinical Reasoning hat das in der Physiotherapie einen hohen Stellenwert. Andrea Klibor, Praxisinhaberin aus Zürich, und Simone Tuena-Küpfer, seit vielen Jahren Fachhochschuldozentin, tauschen sich im Gespräch darüber aus, wie die Theorie zur Praxis wird – in der Lehre und später im Berufsalltag.
Non-power type perturbation for the critical Hénon problem
Authors: Liu Zhongyuan , Liu Ziying , Xu Wenhuan
Published: February 2023

In this paper, we study the critical Hénon problem with non-power type perturbation. We use the reduction argument to construct a family of bubbling solutions concentrating at the origin without any condition on the Robin function. It is well-known that the Robin function plays an essential role in the existence of bubbling solutions for critical elliptic problems.
Multistability in coupled oscillator systems with higher-order interactions and community structure
Authors: Skardal Per Sebastian , Adhikari Sabina , Restrepo Juan G.
Published: February 2023

We study synchronization dynamics in populations of coupled phase oscillators with higher-order interactions and community structure. We find that the combination of these two properties gives rise to a number of states unsupported by either higher-order interactions or community structure alone, including synchronized states with communities organized into clusters in-phase, anti-phase, and a novel skew-phase, as well as an incoherent-synchronized state. Moreover, the system displays strong multistability with many of these states stable at the same time. We demonstrate our findings by deriving the low dimensional dynamics of the system and examining the system’s bifurcations using stability analysis and perturbation theory.
Bifurcations, relaxation time, and critical exponents in a dissipative or conservative Fermi model
Authors: S. Rando Danilo , C. Martí Arturo , D. Leonel Edson
Published: February 2023

We investigated the time evolution for the stationary state at different bifurcations of a dissipative version of the Fermi-Ulam accelerator model. For local bifurcations, as period-doubling bifurcations, the convergence to the inactive state is made using a homogeneous and generalized function at the bifurcation parameter. It leads to a set of three critical exponents that are universal for such bifurcation. Near bifurcation, an exponential decay describes convergence whose relaxation time is characterized by a power law. For global bifurcation, as noticed for a boundary crisis, where a chaotic transient suddenly replaces a chaotic attractor after a tiny change of control parameters, the survival probability is described by an exponential decay whose transient time is given by a power law.
Laser cavity creation of one or dual orbital angular momentum vortex beams by edge diffraction regulation
Authors: Wang Guanxue , Chen Keyu , Weng Xiaoyu , Shan Xinzhi , Kang Xiangyu , Gao Xiumin , Zhuang Songlin
Published: February 2023

In the past three decades, a unique beam called vortex beam with orbital angular momentum has become the research focus of researchers. However, to date, almost all the methods for generating vortex beams are to adjust the phase distribution of the central part of the beam cross section. Is there a method to generate high-purity one or dual orbital angular momentum vortex beams based on the edge diffraction regulation? Specifically, it has been shown that a variety of complex laser modes can be generated in a special laser cavity, and these modes are difficult to control. How to create vortex beams from these complex patterns is an important scientific problem. This paper solves this scientific problem based on edge diffraction regulation in laser cavities. Only three variable aperture diaphragms are needed to realize the generation of one or dual orbital angular momentum vortex beams. Moreover, the topological charge of the beam is proved by interference experiments. This work can not only break the understanding of traditional vortex beam generation method and deepen the understanding of laser cavity regulation technology but also bring opportunities for optics, electromagnetics, and other related fields.
Development and characterization of atom chip for magnetic trapping of atoms
Authors: Singh Vivek , Tiwari V. B. , Chaudhary A. , Shukla R. , Mukherjee C. , Mishra S. R.
Published: February 2023

In this work, we report the development and characterization of an atom chip for magnetic trapping of cold 87Rb atoms. For fabrication of the atom chip, a silicon substrate was used after depositing an insulating layer of silica (SiO2) on it. An adhesive chromium layer was further deposited on this substrate before the deposition of the final layer of gold. On this gold coated substrate, a z-shaped gold wire (cross section, 500×2.5μm2) was fabricated by a photo-chemical machining method. The chip wire was tested for current–voltage characteristics for its reliable operation in magnetic trapping. The atoms from an U-magneto-optical trap, after optical pumping, were directly trapped in the magnetic trap of the atom chip.
Model reduction for the Chemical Master Equation: An information-theoretic approach
Authors: Öcal Kaan , Sanguinetti Guido , Grima Ramon
Published: February 2023

The complexity of mathematical models in biology has rendered model reduction an essential tool in the quantitative biologist’s toolkit. For stochastic reaction networks described using the Chemical Master Equation, commonly used methods include time-scale separation, Linear Mapping Approximation, and state-space lumping. Despite the success of these techniques, they appear to be rather disparate, and at present, no general-purpose approach to model reduction for stochastic reaction networks is known. In this paper, we show that most common model reduction approaches for the Chemical Master Equation can be seen as minimizing a well-known information-theoretic quantity between the full model and its reduction, the Kullback–Leibler divergence defined on the space of trajectories. This allows us to recast the task of model reduction as a variational problem that can be tackled using standard numerical optimization approaches. In addition, we derive general expressions for propensities of a reduced system that generalize those found using classical methods. We show that the Kullback–Leibler divergence is a useful metric to assess model discrepancy and to compare different model reduction techniques using three examples from the literature: an autoregulatory feedback loop, the Michaelis–Menten enzyme system, and a genetic oscillator.
Slow wind belt in the quiet solar corona
Authors: Antonucci E. , Downs C. , Capuano G. E. , Spadaro D. , Susino R. , Telloni D. , Andretta V. , Da Deppo V. , De Leo Y. , Fineschi S. , Frassetto F. , Landini F. , Naletto G. , Nicolini G. , Pancrazzi M. , Romoli M. , Stangalini M. , Teriaca L. , Uslenghi M.
Published: February 2023

The slow solar wind belt in the quiet corona, observed with the Metis coronagraph on board Solar Orbiter on May 15, 2020, during the activity minimum of the cycle 24, in a field of view extending from 3.8 R⊙ to 7.0 R⊙, is formed by a slow and dense wind stream running along the coronal current sheet, accelerating in the radial direction and reaching at 6.8 R⊙ a speed within 150 and 190 km s−1, depending on the assumptions on the velocity distribution of the neutral hydrogen atoms in the coronal plasma. The slow stream is separated by thin regions of high velocity shear from faster streams, almost symmetric relative to the current sheet, with peak velocity within 175 and 230 km s−1 at the same coronal level. The density–velocity structure of the slow wind zone is discussed in terms of the expansion factor of the open magnetic field lines that is known to be related to the speed of the quasi-steady solar wind, and in relation to the presence of a web of quasi-separatrix layers, S-web, the potential sites of reconnection that release coronal plasma into the wind. The parameters characterizing the coronal magnetic field lines are derived from 3D MHD model calculations. The S-web is found to coincide with the latitudinal region where the slow wind is observed in the outer corona and is surrounded by thin layers of open field lines expanding in a non-monotonic way.
Active sampling for neural network potentials: Accelerated simulations of shear-induced deformation in Cu–Ni multilayers
Authors: Sprueill Henry W. , Bilbrey Jenna A. , Pang Qin , Sushko Peter V.
Published: February 2023

Neural network potentials (NNPs) can greatly accelerate atomistic simulations relative to ab initio methods, allowing one to sample a broader range of structural outcomes and transformation pathways. In this work, we demonstrate an active sampling algorithm that trains an NNP that is able to produce microstructural evolutions with accuracy comparable to those obtained by density functional theory, exemplified during structure optimizations for a model Cu–Ni multilayer system. We then use the NNP, in conjunction with a perturbation scheme, to stochastically sample structural and energetic changes caused by shear-induced deformation, demonstrating the range of possible intermixing and vacancy migration pathways that can be obtained as a result of the speedups provided by the NNP. The code to implement our active learning strategy and NNP-driven stochastic shear simulations is openly available at https://github.com/pnnl/Active-Sampling-for-Atomistic-Potentials.
Anti-ambipolar and polarization-resolved behavior in MoTe2 channel sensitized with low-symmetric CrOCl
Authors: Li Sina , Zhang Jielian , Li Yan , Zhang Kai , Zhu Lingyu , Gao Wei , Li Jingbo , Huo Nengjie
Published: February 2023

Atomically thin two-dimensional (2D) materials make it possible to create a variety of van der Waals (vdW) heterostructures with different physical features and attributes, which enables the growth of innovative electronics and optoelectronics applications. The band alignment and charge transfer play a crucial role in the physical and optoelectrical properties of the vdW heterostructure. Here, we design a vdW heterojunction device comprising low-symmetric CrOCl to induce a stable anti-ambipolar behavior and polarization-sensitive photodetection performance. 2D CrOCl exhibits strong in-plane anisotropy and linear dichroism, and an anti-ambipolar transport behavior is observed in a MoTe2 channel due to the gate-tunable band bending and charge transfer at MoTe2/CrOCl interface. The devices also exhibit well photodetection performance with a responsivity of 1.05 A/W and a temporal response of 970 μs. Owing to the anisotropic CrOCl serving as a photosensitizing layer, the device achieves the capability of polarization-sensitive photodetection with a photocurrent dichroic ratio up to ∼6. This work offers a valid device model and design strategy to realize the versatile optoelectronics, including the anti-ambipolar transistor and polarimetric photodetectors.
A reconfigurable asymmetric-transmission metasurface for dynamic manipulation of transmission, reflection, and polarization
Authors: Yang Jianing , Zhang Yanting , Tang Ming-Chun , Huang Yijia , Xie Xin
Published: February 2023

A broadband reconfigurable metasurface consisting of perpendicular metallic gratings and a PIN diode-driven split circular ring for polarization and propagation modes control is demonstrated. The designed metasurface possesses tunable properties in two propagation modes. In the “OFF” state, it can convert incident linear-polarized waves into transmitted cross-polarized waves with full transmission. In the “ON” state, it can reflect incident linear-polarized waves into co-polarized waves with full reflection. Without the increasing number of active elements commonly utilized in chirality-type metasurface polarizers, the equivalent transformation of the split circular ring can be achieved by switching the single PIN diode, and high polarization-conversion efficiency is guaranteed. A metasurface array with 10 × 10 unit cells is fabricated and measured. The experimental results show that the tunable transmission, reflection, and polarization properties of the proposed reconfigurable metasurface can be achieved from 4.9 to 7 GHz.
Equivalence of quantum and classical third order response for weakly anharmonic coupled oscillators
Authors: Reppert Mike , Reppert Deborah
Published: February 2023

Two-dimensional (2D) infrared (IR) spectra are commonly interpreted using a quantum diagrammatic expansion that describes the changes to the density matrix of quantum systems in response to light–matter interactions. Although classical response functions (based on Newtonian dynamics) have shown promise in computational 2D IR modeling studies, a simple diagrammatic description has so far been lacking. Recently, we introduced a diagrammatic representation for the 2D IR response functions of a single, weakly anharmonic oscillator and showed that the classical and quantum 2D IR response functions for this system are identical. Here, we extend this result to systems with an arbitrary number of bilinearly coupled, weakly anharmonic oscillators. As in the single-oscillator case, quantum and classical response functions are found to be identical in the weakly anharmonic limit or, in experimental terms, when the anharmonicity is small relative to the optical linewidth. The final form of the weakly anharmonic response function is surprisingly simple and offers potential computational advantages for application to large, multi-oscillator systems.
Effect of surface wettability on evaporation rate of droplet array
Authors: Rehman M. Mohib Ur , Askounis Alexandros , Nagayama Gyoko
Published: February 2023

The evaporation of droplets in an array is hindered by adjacent droplets because of vapor-mediated interactions. Existing theoretical models for predicting the evaporation rate of droplets in the array neglect the important factor of surface wettability. In this work, we developed a model involving a contact angle function to accurately predict the evaporation rate of droplets with an arbitrary contact angle in the array. Fick's first and second laws were solved for evaporating droplets in the array by using steady-state three-dimensional numerical simulations, to derive the contact angle function. The proposed model was experimentally validated for arrayed droplets evaporating on flat hydrophilic and hydrophobic surfaces. We show that the contact angle function approaches unity on hydrophilic surfaces, which implies that the proposed model coincides with Wray et al.'s model. On the other hand, the contact angle function is much lower than unity on hydrophobic surfaces, indicating a low evaporation rate of droplets in the array. The findings of this study are expected to advance our understanding of droplet evaporation in arrays in a wide range of scientific and engineering applications.
A deep learning approach to predict thermophysical properties of metastable liquid Ti-Ni-Cr-Al alloy
Authors: Xiao R. L. , Wang Q. , Qin J. Y. , Zhao J. F. , Ruan Y. , Wang H. P. , Li H. , Wei B.
Published: February 2023

The physical properties of liquid alloy are crucial for many science fields. However, acquiring these properties remains challenging. By means of the deep neural network (DNN), here we presented a deep learning interatomic potential for the Ti–Ni–Cr–Al liquid system. Meanwhile, the thermophysical properties of the Ti–Ni–Cr–Al liquid alloy were experimentally measured by electrostatic levitation and electromagnetic levitation technologies. The DNN potential predicted this liquid system accurately in terms of both atomic structures and thermophysical properties, and the results were in agreement with the ab initio molecular dynamics calculation and the experimental values. A further study on local structure carried out by Voronoi polyhedron analysis showed that the cluster exhibited a tendency to transform into high-coordinated cluster with a decrease in the temperature, indicating the enhancement of local structure stability. This eventually contributed to the linear increase in the density and surface tension, and the exponential variation in the viscosity and the diffusion coefficient with the rise of undercooling.
Optical interference on the measurement of film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy and a correction approach
Authors: Lu Guanyu , Shen Zichao , Wang Hong , Bu Laju , Lu Guanghao
Published: February 2023

Organic thin films usually feature vertical phase segregation, and film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy is an emerging characterization method to study the vertical phase separation of active layer films in organic electronics field. However, the interference effects on thin films can lead to optical errors in their characterization results. In this work, the interference effects on fluctuations of peak intensity and peak position of film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy are investigated. Subsequently, a numerical method based on inverse transfer matrix is proposed to obtain the optical constants of the active layer through the film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy. The extinction coefficient error in the non-absorbing wavelength range caused by interference effect is reduced by ∼95% compared with the traditional film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy measurement. Thus, the optical properties of the thin film and quantitative spectrographic analysis based on these optical constants largely avoid the effects of interference including fluctuations of peak intensity and peak position. It is concluded that for many morphologically homogenously films, the spatial (film-depth) resolution of this film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy can be optimized to be <1 nm. Subsequently, this modified film-depth-dependent light absorption spectroscopy approach is employed to simulate the local optical properties within devices with a multilayer architecture.
Experimental investigation on the vortex-induced vibration of an inclined flexible pipe and the evaluation of the independence principle
Authors: Zhu Hongjun , Zhang Xu , Zhao Honglei , Xie Yipu , Tang Tang , Zhou Tongming
Published: February 2023

This paper reports the experimental results of the vortex-induced vibration (VIV) response of an inclined flexible pipe with various oblique angles (θ) ranging from 0° to 60°. The flexible pipe with an aspect ratio of 75 was fixed at both ends. The VIV response was examined in the reduced velocity range of 4.02–17.55 to evaluate the IP (independence principle) validity. The experimental results illustrate that the spatial distribution of response amplitudes and associated modal weights varies with θ, and the differences are enlarged in the mode transition cases. With increasing the θ, the onset normal reduced velocity (Urn) of mode transition shifts to a lower value and the Urn range of mode transition is narrowed gradually. Additionally, the mode competition is enhanced, resulting in pronounced traveling waves with accelerated propagation speed. The vortex shedding pattern varies along the span, presenting the 2S (two vortices are shed per cycle) and P + S (a pair of vortices and a single vortex are shed from two sides of the cylinder in one cycle) patterns at the upstream and downstream pipe segments, respectively. The streamwise distance between two adjacent vortices is enlarged with the increase in θ. The pipe placed with different inclined angles presents different partitions of coupling pattern, and the Urn range of each sub-region is different. By comprehensive consideration of the spatial–temporal evolution of VIV response, the mode transition features, the coupling pattern, and vortex shedding characteristics, the IP is invalid in predicting the VIV of flexible pipe.
Hardness of nano- and microcrystalline lonsdaleite
Authors: Huang Xingshuo , Salek Alan , Tomkins Andrew G. , MacRae Colin M. , Wilson Nicholas C. , McCulloch Dougal G. , Bradby Jodie E.
Published: February 2023

Lonsdaleite is a hexagonal allotrope of carbon found in nature in meteorites and at meteorite impact sites. It has been predicted to have an indentation hardness greater than cubic diamond by first principles calculations. However, this has not been demonstrated experimentally. Here, nanoindentation was used to measure the hardness of two different lonsdaleite samples. One contains nanocrystalline lonsdaleite synthesized by high pressure compression of glassy carbon. The other is from a ureilite meteorite that contains lonsdaleite crystals up to ∼1 μm. The hardness of these two samples was determined using both the Oliver–Pharr and Meyer methods. Our results show that the hardness of the lonsdaleite samples is similar to that of diamond; therefore, there is no evidence that these forms of polycrystalline lonsdaleite are significantly harder than similar forms of diamond.