bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Cloudy in the Microcalorimeter Era: Improved Energies for Kα Transitions
Authors: Chakraborty P. , Ferland G. J. , Bianchi S. , Chatzikos M.
Published: October 2020

X-ray missions with microcalorimeter technology will resolve spectral features with unprecedented detail. In this work, we improve the H-like Kα energies for elements between 6 ≤ Z ≤ 30 for the release version of the spectral simulation code Cloudy to match laboratory energies. We update the ionization potential (I
ion) for these elements and add a fourth-order polynomial to the level energy difference. This brings the release version of Cloudy into a near-perfect agreement with NIST. The updated energies are ∼15–4000 times more precise than that of the current release version of Cloudy (C17.02). These new changes will be a part of the next update to the release version, C17.03.
A new generalized family of distributions: Properties and applications
Authors: Zaidi Sajid Mehboob , Sobhi Mashail M. AL , El-Morshedy M. , Afify Ahmed Z.
Published: October 2020

We come up with a new class called log-logistic tan generalized family which provides sub-models with left skewed, symmetrical, right skewed, unimodal, bimodal and reversed-J densities, and increasing, decreasing, modified bathtub, bathtub, unimodal, reversed-J shaped, and J-shaped hazard rates. Some of its sub-models are provided along with some general structural properties. The parameter estimation has been conducted via maximum likelihood. Moreover, the estimators behavior are assessed using various simulation results. The capability of the log-logistic tan-Weibull model is proved using two real-life data sets. It provides higher quality fit than competing Weibull extensions, among others.
A family of interior-penalized weak Galerkin methods for second-order elliptic equations
Authors: Liu Kaifang , Song Lunji
Published: October 2020

Interior-penalized weak Galerkin (IPWG) finite element methods are proposed and analyzed for solving second order elliptic equations. The new methods employ the element $(\mathbb{P}_{k}, \mathbb{P}_{k}, \mathcal{RT}_{k})$, with dimensions of space $d = 2, 3$, and the optimal a priori error estimates in discrete $H^1$-norm and $L^2$-norm are established. Moreover, provided enough smoothness of the exact solution, superconvergence in $H^1$ and $L^2$ norms can be derived. Some numerical experiments are presented to demonstrate flexibility, effectiveness and reliability of the IPWG methods. In the experiments, the convergence rates of the IPWG methods are optimal in $L^2$-norm, while they are suboptimal for NIPG and IIPG if the polynomial degree is even.
El debate sobre la creación del Ministerio de Sanidad en la España del primer tercio del siglo xx. Discurso ideológico e iniciativas políticas
Authors: Huertas Rafael
Published: October 2020

Ante la dramática situación sanitaria que caracterizó a la España de la Restauración, y en el marco de una propuesta generalizada de reforma y modernización de la administración sanitaria, los debates sobre la creación de un Ministerio de Sanidad tuvieron significativa presencia en la literatura médica del primer tercio del siglo XX. El presente estudio pretende dar cuenta de las propuestas de creación de dicho Ministerio desde que comienzan a tener lugar, en los últimos años del siglo XIX, hasta la II República, haciendo hincapié tanto en el análisis de las razones puramente sanitarias o de Higiene Pública, como las que consideraron la íntima relación entre el sistema sanitario y la reproducción de la fuerza de trabajo.
El orto de la teoría médica contemporánea. Patología general en el romanticismo alemán
Authors: Montiel Luis
Published: October 2020

La Ilustración, en particular en Alemania —por obra sobre todo de la filosofía crítica- exigía a una medicina que se pretendía científica una teoría general de la enfermedad. Esa teoría, que habría de ser competencia de lo que habría de llamarse «Patología General», comenzó a ser elaborada preferentemente por médicos con una estimable formación filosófica, y particularmente por los más directamente relacionados con la Naturphilosophie de Schelling. Tal es el caso de los estudiados en este trabajo: Johann Christian Reil (1759-1813), Andreas Röschlaub (1768-1835) y Dietrich Georg Kieser (1779-1862). Los temas objeto de análisis en el mismo son: concepto, objetivos y método de una Patología General, su campo de trabajo y su construcción como rama de la Fisiología, desembocando en los conceptos —fundamentales para la disciplina— de salud y enfermedad. Igualmente se señala cómo el talante especulativo que habitualmente se atribuye a esta medicina se debe, en el caso de estos autores, al menos en parte a las limitaciones técnicas con que contaban para desarrollar y verificar en la práctica su pensamiento teórico.
Profesionales sanitarios en la Murcia del siglo XVIII. Número, evolución y distribución
Authors: Sáez Gómez José Miguel , Marset Campos Pedro
Published: October 2020

Se presenta un estudio sobre los profesionales sanitarios que ejercen en los mu­nicipios de Murcia y Cartagena; como representativos del resto de la actual Región de Murcia, a lo largo del siglo XVIII. Como fuente se han utilizado las Actas Capitu­lares de ambos Ayuntamientos, así como algunos legajos conservados en los mis­mos. El análisis de las solicitudes de ejercicio ha permitido comprobar que el núme­ro de inscripciones está ligado más a factores económicos y sociales de otro tipo que al volumen ·de población a atender, variable esta última que tiene más influencia so­bre el número de profesionales menos cualificados (sangradores) que sobre el resto. Se comprueba además, que la vida media activa es distinta para cada tipo profesio­nal, que el origen geográfico también es distinto según la categoría profesional y que Murcia no se manifiesta como un foco de atracción para profesionales de fuera de sus límites.
El conjuro de la rosa y la curación de la erisipela: Poesía, magia y medicina popular en España y América
Authors: Pedrosa José Manuel
Published: October 2020

En legajos conservados en los archivos de la Inquisición en España y Portugal se documentan numerosas versiones antiguas del llamado «conjuro de la rosa» que se empleaba para curar la erisipela. Tal conjuro se sigue utilizando con los mismos fines curativos en las tradiciones modernas de España, Portugal e Hispanoamérica. Además, se relaciona con prácticas curativas que se basan en el empleo de rosas para la curación de diversas enfermedades cutáneas. De la suma y contraste de todos estos datos se pueden deducir conclusiones muy significativas sobre las bases antropológicas, la evolución y las implicaciones poéticas de una parcela de la medicina tradicional.
La odontología española en el siglo XVII
Authors: Sanz F. Javier
Published: October 2020

Por lo nada atractivo que resulta su estudio, al carecer la centuria de textos específicos, el siglo XVII español no ha sido abordado en toda su extensión en cuanto a los saberes odontológicos se refiere. El presente trabajo aporta la revisión bibliográfica de los tratados médicos y quirúrgicos; el ejercicio profesional y sus principales protagonistas, viniendo a confirmar la fundamentada sospecha de la enorme esterilidad de la ciencia odontológica en esta época.
Gabriel Ciscar en el Congreso de Unificación de pesas y medidas de París de 1798
Authors: López Sánchez Juan Francisco , Valera Candel Manuel
Published: October 2020

En 1798 tuvo lugar en París el Congreso que estableció por vez primera las unidades de longitud y masa del Sistema Métrico Decimal, así como los patrones que las representaban. A las reuniones, celebradas por iniciativa del Instituto Nacional, asistieron los países aliados de Francia o neutrales. Los representantes del Gobierno español fueron Gabriel Ciscar y Agustín de Pedrayes. En este artículo se estudian las causas que motivaron la convocatoria del Congreso, y se reconstruyen los trabajos de las distintas comisiones, a partir de los informes que Ciscar enviaba periódicamente a sus superiores de la Armada. Así mismo se resalta su propia contribución a los trabajos, ya que formó parte de la Comisión que definió la longitud del metro patrón. Concluidas las reuniones, Ciscar dirigió la construcción de cuatro juegos de metros y kilogramos, los primeros patrones decimales españoles, que en 1851 servirían para comparar las antiguas unidades utilizadas en España con las del nuevo sistema métrico recién implantado.
Juan Negrín López (1892-1956). Su obra científica y universitaria (1892-1936)
Authors: Rodríguez Quiroga Alfredo
Published: October 2020

La controvertida actividad política de Juan Negrín López (1892-1956) durante y después de la Guerra Civil, ha eclipsado, injustamente, sus valiosas aportaciones como organizador y renovador de las instituciones científicas de su tiempo. La vinculación de Negrín con la Junta para Ampliación de Estudios e Investigaciones Científicas (J.A.E.), como Director del Laboratorio de Fisiología General de la Residencia de Estudiantes en 1916, le permitió realizar una gran obra de renovación y actualización científica. En tomo a su figura se creó una moderna «escuela» de fisiólogos experimentales, inducida desde la Cátedra de Fisiología de la Universidad Central, de la que fue titular en 1922. Al mismo tiempo, el acceso de Negrín a cargos ejecutivos (Secretario de la Facultad de Medicina y de la Junta de la Ciudad Universitaria), en los que promovió iniciativas muy acertadas, le llevaron a implicarse progresivamente en la vida política española. Ello supuso el definitivo abandono de su prometedora carrera científica. El presente trabajo pretende rescatar del inmerecido olvido la enorme figura humana e intelectual de quien es, sin ninguna duda, una de las figuras de mayor relieve histórico-científico del s. XX.
La transmisión de saberes en el Antiguo Régimen: las enseñanzas de Josef Severo y López
Authors: Da Costa Carballo Carlos Manuel
Published: October 2020

El autor lleva a cabo una revisión de la tarea docente del médico Josef Severo y López, uno de los más importantes representantes del Estudio Real de Medicina Práctica de Madrid, cuya figura ha sido hasta ahora poco estudiada, al no disponer de demasiados datos de su vida y obra. En una serie de apartados se revisa el personal docente y asistencial de dicho Estudio, la docencia en él impartida y, sobre todo, las enseñanzas de Severo y López y las principales obras médicas de estudio y consulta por él recomendadas.
La del tercero: aproximación a la histeria en un cuento escrito por una mujer
Authors: Rodríguez Sánchez M.ª de los Angeles
Published: October 2020

Presentación, estudio y publicación de un relato inédito, escrito a finales de siglo pasado por Concepción Morell (1864-1906) mujer compleja y contradictoria, conocida por nosotros debido a su relación personal con D. Benito Pérez Galdós. La narración, que ella entregó o envió al novelista, es un manuscrito que consta de 43 hojas numeradas, y escritas por una sola cara. El cuento de Concepción Morell está expuesto con bastante teatralidad y plantea sugestivas expectativas al presentar las manifestaciones y la sintomatología de una mujer histérica que es contemplada y analizada por personajes masculinos, aunque tanto la protagonista enajenada como los espectadores/narradores expresan las contradicciones y las vivencias de la autora. Este texto también tiene interés porque es uno de los primeros escritos femeninos que podemos conocer sobre la histeria a finales del siglo XIX y en el que, entre otros muchos elementos, se plasman algunos de los síntomas de esta enfermedad, que eran más conocidos en aquellos años. A su vez nos indica la trascendencia social de este mal, cuyo reflejo se manifiesta tanto en la vida cotidiana como en la literatura.
La odontopediatría en la obra de Francisco Martínez
Authors: Romero Maroto Martín
Published: October 2020

En 1557 se publica el primer libro español dedicado a la Odontología: El «Coloquio breve y compendioso sobre la materia de la dentadura y maravillosa obra de la boca», cuyo autor es Francisco Martínez. En este texto aparecen por primera vez en la literatura médica española recomendaciones dirigidas a cuidar la boca de los niños. Se analizan en este artículo las ideas que sobre anatomía dentaria, extracciones, odontología preventiva y odontología conservadora aparecen en el texto en referencia a los niños.
A saúde pública e os seus agentes em Portugal: o caso dos boticarios (1521-1557)
Authors: Mendes Drumond Braga Isabel M. R.
Published: October 2020

[pt] Através deste artigo pretende avaliar-se a atenção prestada durante o reinado de D. João III (1521-1557) aos profissionais da saúde, neste caso concreto aos boticários. Serão assim, objecto da nossa atenção as cartas de exame, as quais nos permitem ter uma ideia da distribuição geográfica dos boticários.
Outros elementos, nomeadamente as boticas, as mezinhas e a importância social destes agentes serão postos em destaque, tanto quanto as fontes assim o permitam, no que se refere ao continente e às zonas de expansão portuguesa, tais como o Norte de Africa e o Oriente.
La lucha contra la lepra en la España de la primera mitad del siglo XX. Evolución de las estrategias preventivas basada en los avances científicos, sanitarios y sociales
Authors: Sánchez García Rosa
Published: October 2020

En el presente trabajo se estudian las medidas de lucha contra la lepra en España en la primera mitad del siglo XX. La medida fundamental para combatir esta enfermedad infectocontagiosa fue la de aislar a los enfermos, sin embargo dados los importantes conocimientos que se iban adquiriendo sobre la enfermedad evolucionaron las medidas preventivas a lo largo del periodo. Tuvieron también influencia decisiva en la manera de combatir la lepra la intervención de las autoridades sanitarias en los distintos momentos históricos, y, la respuesta social frente a este mal.
El tratamiento de los miomas uterinos (1876-1936). Una controversia profesional entre cirujanos y radiólogos
Authors: Medina Doménech Rosa María
Published: October 2020

A lo largo del proceso de constitución de la radioterapia como especialidad médica diversas polémicas fueron enfrentando a dermatólogos, ginecólogos, otorrinos y radioterapéutas por el monopolio del tratamiento con radiaciones. En el presente trabajo abordamos un aspecto de la negociación que fue configurando la conducta terapéutica frente a los miomas del útero.
El descubrimiento del Trópico. La expedición del William's College a Venezuela en 1867
Authors: Texera Arnal Yolanda
Published: October 2020

La expedición de Myers a Venezuela pasa inadvertida para los círculos intelectuales norteamericanos durante el siglo XIX. La obra de Humboldt sirvió para sacar al país del anonimato, pese a ello, en algunos aspectos, Venezuela continúa hoy siendo terra incognita desde el punto de vista del conocimiento científico de sus riquezas naturales. Las condiciones políticas y económicas vividas por el país durante el siglo XIX, impidieron la publicación de la producción literaria extranjera referida a su historia natural. En las últimas décadas del siglo XX, se ha despertado el interés por estudiar y traducir el legado dejado por los extranjeros sobre el país.
El tiempo biológico
Authors: Artola José María , Galera Andrés
Published: October 2020

La disertación De glossopetris dissertatio de Fabio Colonna forma parte de la historia del tiempo biológico. Conforma los albores de una paleontología que interpreta la naturaleza como un sistema cerrado, ordenado y reglado por un códice natural perfecto. Es un ejemplo del clima intelectual napolitano que caracteriza el tránsito del siglo XVI al XVII dirigido a la institucionalización de la ciencia.
Prediction Model of Student Achievement in Business Computer Disciplines
Authors: Nuankaew Pratya , Nuankaew Wongpanya , Teeraputon Direk , Phanniphong Kanakarn , Bussaman Sittichai
Published: October 2020

An educational program that does not accept the change of disruptive technology will inevitably result in future destruction. There are two objectives including (1) to construct reasonable students’ dropout prediction model for business computer disciplines, and (2) to evaluate the model performance. Data collected consists of 2,017 records from students who enrolled in the business computer program at the School of Information and Communication Technology, the University of Phayao. Research tools are divided into two parts. (1) Modelling; it consisted of the Artificial Neural Network Algorithm, Decision Tree Algorithm, and Naïve Bayes Algorithm. (2) Model testing; it consisted of the confusion matrix performance, accuracy, precision, and recall measurement. It is a clear innovation in the research that the researcher combines the knowledge of data science in analysis to improve the academic achievement of students in higher education in Thailand. From the analysis results, its show that the model developed from using Artificial Neural Network algorithms has the highest accuracy in the first three data sets (89.04%, 92.70% and 93.71%), and the last model is appropriate for Naïve Bayes algorithm (91.68%). Finally, it is necessary to conduct additional research and present research results to relevant parties and organizations.
Innovation and Use of New Teaching Technologies in Undergraduate Learning and Empowerment for the Labour Market
Authors: Nascimento Daniel Beserra do , Brito Max Leandro de Araújo , Fonseca Géssica Fabiely , Medeiros Neta Olívia Morais de , Martins Cibelle Amorim , Guardia Mabel Simone de Araujo Bezerra , Araújo Maria Valéria Pereira de , Guerra Eliana Costa , Teixeira Ricardo Luiz Perez , Shitsuka Ricardo , Silva Priscilla Chantal Duarte , Junger Alex Paubel
Published: October 2020

The present study aims to investigate the perspective of students in the business course on innovation and the use of new teaching technologies in undergraduate learning and empowerment for the labour market in a city in northeastern Brazil. The methodology study is qualitative, conducted through a questionnaire tech-nique with open questions with students from a higher education institution, graduates of the business course and others who have already completed and are looking for space in the labour market. The results obtained in the present study suggest a greater participation of the university in the articulation of its trained professionals with the local companies, serving as a support platform and in this way enabling some monitoring of these graduates at the entrance of the local market, through networks of contacts that bring together companies of recent graduates. The conclusion of the study is that there is a complex situation, that despite the difficulties imposed by the economic crisis and lack of local opportu-nities, the chance of getting a job is better for those who, in fact, absorb as much of the knowledge that the course offers and get their diploma.
The Impact of Lecture and Interactive Methods on Student’s English Competency
Authors: Taat Muhamad Suhaimi , Abdulbaki Khalid , Al-Saqqaf Asma
Published: October 2020

The current research deals with the perceptions of non-native students at a university college in Oman on the use of the lecture and interactive methods in teaching English. The aim is to find out the method which may assist satisfactorily in improving students’ Eng-lish language competency in terms of skills, developing their cognitive abilities and enhancing their personal growth. This study employs the quantitative approach through conducting and analyzing students’ questionnaires related to the lecture and interactive methods of teaching. The findings of this research indicate that the interactive methods are highly viewed by students while the lecture is lower. However, weak students incline to the lecture method in contrast to average, good and very good students. The implications of the use of both methods could be extended to the social side of education. Students exchange ideas, suggestions and feelings which contribute to strengthening their relationships as colleagues. They would practice expressing their thoughts freely and respecting the viewpoints of oth-ers no matter whether they agree or disagree with them. Consequently, this would have positive impacts on their lifestyle when dealing with their surrounding society and in workplaces in later stages.
The Interactive Role Using the Mozabook Digital Education Application and its Effect on Enhancing the Performance of eLearning
Authors: Abdul-Rahman Al-Malah Duha Khalid , Ibrahim Hamed Saad , Alrikabi Haider Th.Salim
Published: October 2020

The study examined the impact of the use of the Mozabook application for digital education in enhancing the performance of electronic-learning to ensure strategic educational success and the urgent need to use E-learning to increase and enable scientific knowledge to confront the exceptional circumstances that afflict the world in general and Iraq in particular for the spread of the Corona epidemic and its harm to society and home quarantine. Therefore, the diversity of software ap-plications available to teachers and students reflected the tremendous development and unique potential to achieve the goals of E-learning of what increased of knowledge of community awareness of how to use modern E-learning tools and in a way that ensures accuracy in use and awareness of its effective role in spreading education among the student community. The study aims to find better methods to deal and to prefer the role of digital education as in creating a knowledge-ability that meets the requirements of the educational process from methodological content, educational method and study tools such as blackboard, notebook, drawing tools and scientific, engineering, chemical, biological, geo-graphic and historical laboratories and other requirements that attract the student and his eagerness to study in this Digital education, so an application that works with three-dimensional technology was chosen with the availability of all audio, visual and sensory means to increase the interaction and desire of the student for the scientific subject, which is the educational Mozabook application. The study included test of major hypotheses, which leads to knowledge and determination of whether there is a correlation relationship, or an effect with significant moral, each according to its location for the application of the Mozabook digital educa-tion and E-learning. The two researchers selected academics and students as a field of the Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research for practical application based on the use of the questionnaire and the benefit of analyzing its results after its treatment using a number of statistical methods such as arithmetic mean, standard deviation, correlation coefficient, regression coefficient and path analysis.
Success Factors in Students’ Motivation with Project Based Learning: From Theory to Reality
Authors: Reis Sara , Coelho Fátima , Coelho Luis
Published: October 2020

One of the teacher’s first goals should be to inspire students to learn. Using project-based learning (PBL) to involve students in the learning process could be a useful and powerful tool to prepare the students for their professional future. As part of a degree course in Biomedical Engineering, students were asked to look at society and identify a possible biomedical-related failure or daily-life problem. From this, the students were challenged to work towards a solution, by preparing a project and creating a prototype or a minimum viable product. In this article we present the case study of a students’ team, whose project was candidate and winner of a national prize. This prize was related to health innovation. Despite the particularization of this case study case, the students considered the experience innovative, motivating, and challenging. They also underlined the added value of a project whose impact goes beyond the classroom. Therefore, this method of teaching and learning, based on projects, may have a special effect on the students and, therefore on the civil society. The PBL can help higher education institutions to have a more prominent social presence, as innovation drivers and as forces of intervention.
Evaluation of IL-17D in Host Immunity to Group A Streptococcus Infection
Authors: Washington Allen , Varki Nissi , Valderrama J. Andrés , Nizet Victor , Bui Jack D.
Published: October 2020

IL-17D is a cytokine that belongs to the IL-17 family and is conserved in vertebrates and invertebrates. In contrast to IL-17A and IL-17F, which are expressed in Th17 cells, IL-17D is expressed broadly in nonimmune cells. IL-17D can promote immune responses to cancer and viruses in part by inducing chemokines and recruiting innate immune cells such as NK cells. Although bacterial infection can induce IL-17D in fish and invertebrates, the role of mammalian IL-17D in antibacterial immunity has not been established. To determine whether IL-17D has a role in mediating host defense against bacterial infections, we studied i.p. infection by group A Streptococcus (GAS) in wild-type (WT) and Il17d−/− mice. Compared with WT animals, mice deficient in IL-17D experienced decreased survival, had greater weight loss, and showed increased bacterial burden in the kidney and peritoneal cavity following GAS challenge. In WT animals, IL-17D transcript was induced by GAS infection and correlated to increased levels of chemokine CCL2 and greater neutrophil recruitment. Of note, GAS-mediated IL-17D induction in nonimmune cells required live bacteria, suggesting that processes beyond recognition of pathogen-associated molecular patterns were required for IL-17D induction. Based on our results, we propose a model in which nonimmune cells can discriminate between nonviable and viable GAS cells, responding only to the latter by inducing IL-17D.
Macrophage-Derived IL-1β Regulates Emergency Myelopoiesis via the NF-κB and C/ebpβ in Zebrafish
Authors: Wei Zongfang , Li Chenzheng , Zhang Yangping , Lin Chenyu , Zhang Yiyue , Shu Liping , Luo Lingfei , Zhuo Jian , Li Li
Published: October 2020

Myeloid phagocytes, neutrophils in particular, are easily consumed when they fight against a large number of invading microbes. Hence, they require efficient and constant replenishment from their progenitors via the well-orchestrated emergency myelopoiesis in the hematopoietic organs. The cellular and molecular details of the danger-sensing and warning processes to activate the emergency myelopoiesis are still under debate. In this study, we set up a systemic infection model in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae via circulative administration of LPS. We focused on the cross-talk of macrophages with myeloid progenitors in the caudal hematopoietic tissue. We revealed that macrophages first detected LPS and sent out the emergency message via il1β. The myeloid progenitors, rather than hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, responded and fulfilled the demand to adapt myeloid expansion through the synergistic cooperation of NF-κB and C/ebpβ. Our study unveiled a critical role of macrophages as the early “whistle blowers” to initiate emergency myelopoiesis.
Analysis of the role of social support - cognitive psychology and emotional process approach
Authors: Heydari Mohammad , Xiaohu Zhou , Saeidi Mahdiye , Keung Lai Kin , Shang Yufan , Yuxi Zheng
Published: October 2020

The eyes are extremely important for communication. The muscles around the eyes express emotional states, and the size of the pupil signals whether a person is aroused and alert or bored and fatigued. Pupil size is an overlooked social signal, yet is readily picked up by observers. Observers mirror their pupil sizes in response, which can influence social impressions. Pupil diameter is enhanced in a variety of emotional contexts, including viewing pictures, listening to sounds, and during the threat of shock. This study shows that people associate positive faces with large pupil sizes and negative faces with small pupil sizes. Although workplace social support has been described as a profoundly emotional activity, little is known about the emotional demands faced by employees or how these impacts on their well-being. This study examined relationships between ‘emotional labor,’ burnout (emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and personal accomplishment), and job satisfaction in a sample of an employee who works in the banking sector or manufacturing sector. Also examined was whether workplace social support moderated any relationships found between emotional labor and strain. The relationship between job experience and emotional labor was also investigated.
Time trends of causes of upper gastrointestinal bleeding and endoscopic findings
Authors: Alruzug Ibrahim M. , Aldarsouny Thamer A. , Semaan Toufic , Aldaher Manhal K. , AlMustafa Adnan , Azzam Nahla , Aljebreen Abdulrahman , Almadi Majid A.
Published: October 2020

Background:

Upper gastrointestinal bleeding (UGIB) is a frequent cause for emergency endoscopy and, in a proportion, requires the application of endotherapy. We aim to evaluate the proportion of variceal and nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB), the endoscopic findings that were detected, as well as the temporal trends of endoscopic findings over a period of 13 years.

Methods:

This is a retrospective study of patients who underwent an esophagogastroduodenoscopy with an indication of UGIB or presented with hematemesis, melena, or both, as well as those who had hematochezia, from January 2004 to December 2016 (13 years).

Results:

A total of 2075 patients were included with a mean age of 56.8 years (range 18–113) and males constituted 67.9%, while 65.9% had at least one comorbidity. Symptoms on presentation included hematemesis (52.5%), melena (31.2%), both hematemesis & melena (15.1%), and hematochezia (1.2%). The majority of UGIB were from a NVUGIB source (80.5%) and a variceal source was found in 13.1%, while no endoscopic findings were found in 6.4% of cases. The most common endoscopic diagnosis was gastroduodenal erosions (23.8%), duodenal ulcers (23.5%), reflux esophagitis (16.0%), esophageal varices (12.1%), and gastric ulcers (10.8%). There was no change in the endoscopic findings over the time period of the study. A third of duodenal ulcers (33.3%) as well as 21.9% of gastric ulcers were actively bleeding at the time of endoscopy, while 3.3% of duodenal ulcers had an adherent clot.

Conclusions:

NVUGIB composed the majority of cases presenting with UGIB and variceal bleeding was lower than that described in prior studies, but there were no clear trends in the proportion of causes of UGIB during the study duration.
Efficacy of probing adjunctive with low-dose mitomycin-C irrigation for the treatment of epiphora in adults with nasolacrimal duct stenosis
Authors: Masoomian Babak , Eshraghi Bahram , Latifi Golshan , Esfandiari Hossein
Published: October 2020

PURPOSE:

The purpose of the study was to investigate the efficacy of adjunctive low-dose mitomycin-C (MMC) during successful lacrimal duct probing in adults with nasolacrimal ducts (NLDs) stenosis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

This is a prospective case–control study on patients with NLD stenosis who were randomized into two groups. All patients underwent probing without or with an application of MMC. Former group received 0.2 mg/ml MMC irrigation for 5 min. The main outcome measures were objective evaluation of patency with irrigation, as well as patients' subjective assessment of improvement.

RESULTS:

There were 73 eyes in 58 consecutive patients; patient mean age ranged from 19 to 78 years (mean 44 years). Female included larger group of patients (63%) and mean duration of the symptoms was 26.1 months (range, 2–120 months). After mean follow-up of 11 months (range, 9–14 months), 23 (60%) of the 38 eyes in the MMC groups and 8 (22%) of the 35 eyes in control group had complete response and remained symptom free. This difference was statistically significant (P = 0.005). According to the patient's satisfaction, epiphora was partially improved in 6 (17%) eyes of control group and 4 (10%) eyes in MMC group. Application of MMC has a better outcome in patients with severe stenosis (P = 0.007); patients who had symptoms more than 12 months (P = 0.02) and patients with constant epiphora were compared with intermittent symptoms (P = 0.001). No complications were detected during patients follow-up.

CONCLUSION:

This study suggests acceptable long-term results for probing adjunctive with MMC irrigation for adults with NLD stenosis that can be recommended as a simple and effective procedure for these patients.
The Traditional Roots of Alimony in the Hungarian Family Law
Authors:   University of Pécs, Herger Eszter Cs. ,   Pécs, Dohány u. 1-3, 7622 Hungary
Published: October 2020

The Traditional Roots of Alimony in the Hungarian Family Law The paper discusses the extent to which the 19th century regulations of alimonies as awarded within the frame of matrimonial relationships had an impact on the formation of claims of alimony as found in the Hungarian Code of Private Law of 1928. The paper discusses the alimony as paid to one of the spouses at the time when the matrimonial tie was still continued but also when the alimony was granted as a temporary device and also when it was awarded after the divorce decree had been granted.
Land Politics in Hungary between the Two World Wars
Authors: Peres Zsuzsanna
Published: October 2020

Land Politics in Hungary between the Two World Wars The paper discusses the Hungarian legislation that regulated the ownership referring to real property in the period between the World Wars. The discussion included also the review of the law on colonization and division of the land, as well as the law on bank loans offered to those who were professionally engaged in farming. In addition, the authoress made an analysis of the archaic institution of fideicomissum. While depicting the background of legislative efforts of the time, the authoress recalled the developments that took place prior to the discussed changes in the ownership relationships. Therefore she discussed also the 19th century reforms that abolished serfdom and serf labour, introduced the land and mortgage register etc.
Górnołużyccy villici w pierwszej połowie XIII wieku: włodarze, sołtysi czy wójtowie?
Authors:   Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie, Polska, ul. Gołębia 24, 31-007 Kraków, Fokt Krzysztof
Published: October 2020

Upper Lusatian villici: stewards, town iudices or territorial advocati? The text deals with the problem of the proper interpretation of the institution of villicus, mentioned in Upper Lusatia in the 1st half of the 13th century. The article discusses all the hitherto attempts to identify the actual nature of the Upper Lusatian villici and proposes some new interpretations. The close relations of those villici with chartered towns (namely: Zgorzelec/Görlitz and Ostritz) and the virtual lack of royal estates around them makes it possible to state that they were not, as most scholars have claimed, royal stewards taking care of estates administered directly by the Bohemian kings (in Upper Lusatia such goods probably barely existed at all). Therefore, the most probable interpretation of the villici seems to be the one presented in 1923 by J. Bauermann, who identifi ed them with the sculteti hereditarii of particular towns.
PHOSPHORIC ACID AND SILICA OF PUERTO RICO SOILS
Authors: Bonnet Juan Amedee
Published: October 2020

One hundred and nine soil types from the humid region of Puerto Rico were classified on the basis of their mechanical analysis into five soil classes—sands, sandy loams, sandy clay loams, clay loams, clays—and were analyzed for pH, volume weight, total and available phosphoric acid and silica. The clay loams weigh about two million pounds per acre plow depth of 6% inches, the sandy loams weigh about 5% more and the clays weigh about 10% less. The total phosphoric acid varies from .051% in the sands to .140% in the clays. The available phosphoric acid varies from .007% in the clays to .017% in the sandy loams. The total to available P2O5 ratio varies from 6.3 in the sandy loams to 20.0 in the clays. The total silica varies from 56.75% in the clays to 82.96% in the sands. The available silica varies from .021% in the sands to .166% in the clay loams.
EFFECT OF SOLAR RADIATION INTENSITY ON THE VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND YIELD OF COFFEE
Authors: Guiscafré Arrillaga J. , Gómez Luis A.
Published: October 2020

Tn this study, four ecological factors were observed: solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and soil moisture. Of the four, solar radiation fluctuates more than any other and undoubtedly the other threefactors are influenced by solar radiation to a great extent. 1—Solar radiation varies widely with season and year. 2—The greatest intensity takes place during the months of June to September and the lowest from November to February. 3—The greatest intensity recorded under full sunlight was 1.91 gr. cal./ min./ cm.2 and the lowest was 1.35 gr. cal./ min./ cm.2. 4—The yearly average solar radiation under full sunlight was 144,754. 40 gr. cal./ cm.2. 5—The cumulative radiation for the 3 years that lasted the experiment was 434,263.20 gr. cal./ cm.2, under full sunlight. 6—Shade regulates solar radiation making it more uniform from one year to the other. 7-As solar radiation increases, growth and yield of coffee decrease. 8—Yield, and growth of coffee were definitely higher under 1/2 and 1/3 than under 2/3 and full sunlight. 9—Statistically significant differences in yield, were not found between plots with 1/2 and 1/3 sunlight. Growth was significantly higher under 1/3 exposure. 10—Radiation, produces distinctive formative effects on coffee. Plants under full sunlight were very weak, chlorotie and poorly developed. 11—Four ecological factors were measured: solar radiation, temperature, relative humidity and soil moisture. All are affected by radiation to a great extent, but other factors as vegetation have also some effect. 12—Solar radiation is negatively correlated with yields and growth. 13—Growth and yields are positively correlated. As expected low temperature and yield are associated and soil moisture acts independently in relation to growth. 14—Plants under full sunlight accumulated greater amounts of nitrogen and potash and to a less extent of phosphorous than under any other exposure. 15—An average of 53,143.20 gram calories per square centimeter per year is the optimum cumulative solar radiation for yield and growth of coffee. This amount is obtainable under natural shade of Guaba trees (Inga Inga) planted at not less than 16 x 16 feet.
STUDIES OF THE SHADE REQUIREMENTS OF VANILLA
Authors: Hernández Medina Ernesto
Published: October 2020

The work here reported showed that the vanilla plant requires considerable shade for its best development. When vanilla was grown under four exposures to light it was found that the best vine growth from the standpoint of root germination, seed-piece rotting, and vegetative growth was accomplished under shade conditions which admitted from one-third to one-half the normal sunlight when the sun was directly overhead. The most vigorous and greatest weight of vines and the greatest number of eight-node cuttings were also obtained under those conditions.
THE ENDOPARASITES OF ST. CROIX, V. I.
Authors: Beatty Harry A.
Published: October 2020

Resumen en inglés.
USES, PREPARATION, AND PROPERTIES OF PINGUINAIN, THE PROTEIN-SPLITTING ENZYME OF THE MAYA FRUIT
Authors: Asenjo C. F. , De Fernández M. del C. C.
Published: October 2020

Rome of the uses, methods of preparation, and properties of pinguinain, the protein-splitting enzyme of the maya fruit, have been considered and studied herein.
FUNGI OF THE DOMINICAN REPUBLIC—XYLARIACEA
Authors: Miller Julian H.
Published: October 2020

The Xylariaceae of the Dominican Republic are relatively little known, and in Ciferri's list (2), only thirteen species are reported. In Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands, Seaver and Chardón (4), report fifty-three species from a much smaller territory. Our unsatisfactory knowledge of the Dominican Xylariaceae is due to the fact that previous mycological explorers showed little or no interest in collecting saprophytic forms, confining themselves almost exclusively to plant parasites.
Título en español.
Authors: Luis Rivera Brenes
Published: October 2020

Resumen en español.
REFORMA TRIBUTÁRIA E A CONTRIBUIÇÃO DA TEORIA DA TRIBUTAÇÃO ÓTIMA
Authors: Luz Neto Luiz Guedes da
Published: October 2020

É ponto pacífico a necessidade de uma reforma tributária eficiente para que o Brasil possa recuperar a sua competitividade no comércio internacional, gerando riquezas para empresas e pessoas naturais. Todas as mudanças no sistema tributário realizadas nas últimas décadas não conseguiram criar o arcabouço legal que gerasse segurança jurídica e menor impacto no setor econômico. O campo de estudo é o Sistema Tributário, tendo como objetivo a verificação da aplicação da Teoria da Tributação Ótima à reforma tributária brasileira em tramitação no Congresso Nacional. A metodologia (método) adotada na presente pesquisa é a descritiva, com a verificação da eventual existência de estudos prévios que fundamentem as propostas de reforma apresentadas ao Congresso Nacional, bem como uma análise bibliográfica acerca da Teoria da Tributação Ótima. O resultado da pesquisa demonstra os pontos positivos da aplicação da Teoria da Tributação Ótima na reforma do sistema tributário brasileiro, concluindo-se que a reforma tributária, que observa-se a aludida teoria, resultaria em um sistema tributário eficiente, que poderia diminuir o custo tributário para pessoas e empresas, resultando, assim, em mais desenvolvimento ao Brasil.
DO PAU-BRASIL AO BITCOIN: BREVES APONTAMENTOS SOBRE OS IMPACTOS DA DIGITALIZAÇÃO DA ECONOMIA NA TRIBUTAÇÃO
Authors: Santos Marivaldo Andrade dos , Silva Thiago Santos da
Published: October 2020

Nesse estudo, pretende-se analisar, brevemente, a história, os conceitos, os fundamentos e os elementos da tributação sobre o consumo no Brasil. Parte-se, inicialmente, do primeiro bem tributado em terras brasileiras, o pau-brasil, analisando-se, na sequência, as legislações posteriores, traçando-se um panorama da tributação sobre o consumo em nosso país. Tal esforço será feito com vistas a estabelecer uma conexão entre a tributação da economia tradicional com a possível tributação das novas realidades tributárias advindas das novas tecnologias, com especial destaque para os impactos da digitalização da economia. O recorte metodológico do presente trabalho se dará sobre a tributação sobre o consumo, mais especificamente sobre a tributação de “mercadorias”.
DA FÁBULA À REALIDADE: O PLANEJAMENTO TRIBUTÁRIO E O PAPEL DA CAPACIDADE CONTRIBUTIVA E DA LEGALIDADE NESTE DEBATE
Authors: Leão Martha
Published: October 2020

O presente artigo objetiva analisar criticamente o papel da capacidade contributiva e da legalidade no debate sobre os limites ao planejamento tributário. Serão examinadas duas questões críticas à teoria de que haveria um direito fundamental de economizar tributos: (i) primeiro, o argumento de que a doutrina nunca teria defendido que a capacidade contributiva ou a solidariedade poderiam ser utilizadas para fundamentar a criação de obrigações tributárias; e (ii) segundo, o argumento de que o papel da legalidade seria irrelevante para o debate acerca do planejamento tributário. A partir do enfrentamento destas questões controvertidas, pretende-se avançar sobre o papel que a capacidade contributiva e a legalidade exercem diante da controversa delimitação dos limites da atuação do contribuinte para economizar tributos.
A ALEGAÇÃO DE COMPENSAÇÃO COMO MATÉRIA DE DEFESA NOS EMBARGOS À EXECUÇÃO – SUPERAÇÃO DO PRECEDENTE (STJ) OU DESVIRTUAMENTO DE SUA APLICAÇÃO?
Authors: Carvalho Roberta Vieira Gemente de
Published: October 2020

O Superior Tribunal de Justiça firmou tese para o Tema 294 no sentido da possibilidade de alegação de compensação prévia ao ajuizamento da execução fiscal como matéria de defesa em Embargos à Execução. Entretanto, são observadas decisões judiciais conflitantes e limitadoras da arguição ante a exigência da prova da homologação da compensação. O presente estudo discute os limites efetivamente constantes do precedente e as possíveis causas do equívoco das decisões divergentes, apontando ao final sugestões para a unificação de sua aplicação.
MECANISMOS LEGAIS DE CONTROLE SOBRE INCENTIVOS FISCAIS
Authors: Tamanini Tarcísio Milhomem
Published: October 2020

Este artigo pretende analisar os mecanismos legais e constitucionais explícitos que visem o controle de benefícios fiscais quanto a sua finalidade, isto é, os meios dados pelo ordenamento brasileiro para a verificação da aptidão dos incentivos fiscais em processo legislativo para cumprir sua função na sociedade; e, quanto àqueles já em vigência, avaliar se são ou se deixaram de ser eficazes em seus objetivos. Serão ainda analisadas as propostas legislativas que tratem do tema atualmente em trâmite no Parlamento.
INCOERÊNCIA ENTRE FUNDAMENTOS USADOS NO JULGAMENTO DE QUESTÕES DIVERSAS E A INTEGRIDADE DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA TRIBUTÁRIA
Authors: Machado Segundo Hugo de Brito , Machado Raquel Cavalcanti Ramos
Published: October 2020

Diante da crescente atenção dada pelos pesquisadores da área jurídica à fundamentação das decisões como limite à atuação dos julgadores, mostra-se relevante examinar a necessidade de se usarem, em tais fundamentos, razões compatíveis com premissas usadas no enfrentamento de casos diversos. Entretanto, pesquisa jurisprudencial, pautada por método hipotético dedutivo, revela que não raro os Tribunais Superiores incorrem em incoerência nas premissas usadas para a solução de casos diferentes. Quando a contradição se dá para, nos dois casos, favorecer uma mesma parte com o uso de fundamentos conflitantes, isso talvez revele coerência não com a ordem jurídica, mas com a necessidade de atender aos interesses da citada parte, um indicativo da importância da coerência da jurisprudência na contenção do arbítrio do julgador. Esse é o sentido do art. 926 do CPC/2015, à luz do qual as hipóteses de cabimento de recursos destinados à superação de divergências jurisprudenciais devem ser revisitadas.
UMA ANÁLISE DA QUALIDADE DOS GASTOS TRIBUTÁRIOS COM O SIMPLES NACIONAL
Authors: Pessôa Leonel Cesarino , Pinto Alexandre Evaristo , Zugman Daniel
Published: October 2020

O presente trabalho tem por objetivo examinar a efetividade do “Simples Nacional”, enquanto principal gasto tributário brasileiro. Para tanto, será feita uma análise das justificativas para o tratamento diferenciado das pequenas e médias empresas (PME), assim como uma comparação do regime brasileiro com a tributação de PMEs de outros países.
MODULAÇÃO DOS EFEITOS E GUERRA FISCAL: UMA ANÁLISE DA JURISPRUDÊNCIA DO SUPREMO TRIBUNAL FEDERAL
Authors: Mosquera Roberto Quiroga , Valdo Amanda de Oliveira
Published: October 2020

Esse artigo visa analisar a aplicação do instituto da modulação dos efeitos pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal quando do julgamento, em sede de controle concentrado de constitucionalidade, de leis ou atos normativos que impliquem concessão de benefícios fiscais com base no ICMS relacionados ao fenômeno da Guerra Fiscal. Ao longo do trabalho procuramos analisar criticamente os julgamentos da Corte para então identificar quais os critérios utilizados pelos Ministros para definir a aplicação do instituto, se é possível caracterizar a utilização deste instituto como regra ou exceção, bem como se é possível identificar, a partir da análise da jurisprudência selecionada, Ministros com maior ou menor tendência a modular os efeitos das decisões do Supremo Tribunal Federal quanto à declaração de inconstitucionalidade de leis e atos normativos concessivos de benesses fiscais com base no ICMS que impliquem Guerra Fiscal.