bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
The relationship between miRNA-210 and SCN1B in fetal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Authors: Al-Ward Hisham , Liu Ning , Omorou Moussa , Huang Yiwei , Chen Wei , Liu Chun-Yang , Lv Shaochun , Murshed Abduh , Shaher Fahmi , Li Yao , Zhang Yuxuan , Lu Linxia , Gao Wenxia , Sun Yi Eve , Xu Hui
Published: December 2022

Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury contributes to major neurodevelopmental disorders and is one of the leading causes of seizures, which substantially results in neurodevelopmental impairments with long-lasting outcomes and is one of the main causes of death in neonates. We aimed to investigate the correlation between miRNA-210 and SCN1B, a voltage-gated sodium channel gene, in brain tissue of fetal rats with hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. We found that after 10 min of hypoxia-ischemia, all reperfusion groups showed different degrees of damage. The degree of the injury increased in all the groups after 30 min of hypoxia-ischemia. Those changes include changes in the pericellular lumen, capillaries in the cortex, erythrocytes, enlarged pericellular lumen, the enlarged pericapillary lumen in the cortex, edema around glial cells, enlarged gap to form multiple necrotic foci, deformation of neurons, and loss of cell structure. The expression levels of HIF-1α, miRNA-210, and HIF-1α mRNA were higher in the hypoxic-ischemic groups than that in the control groups, among which the expression levels in the severe group were higher than that in mild group. SCN1B is down-regulated in both the mild and severe groups, and the lowest level was found at 30 min after hypoxia in both groups. MiRNA-210 plays a role in the development of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) by regulating the expression changes of SCN1B. The brain tissue of fetal rats in the hypoxic-ischemic animal model showed pathological changes of brain injury.
Exploring the realm of soft matter biophysics: an early career perspective
Authors: Rhys Natasha H.
Published: December 2022

This special issue of Emerging Topics in Life Sciences presents a selection of reviews that give insight into the vast array of research taking place in the fields of soft matter and biophysics, and where these two intersect. The reviews here cover the full range from the fundamentals of how biological systems may have assembled to how we can use this insight to develop and exploit new biomaterials for the future, all informed through the lens of the physical sciences. This issue has been both written and edited by early career researchers, highlighting the cutting-edge contributions that this generation of researchers is bringing to the field.
Blockchain technology in energy systems: A state‐of‐the‐art review
Authors: Choobineh Moein , Arabnya Ali , Sohrabi Behrouz , Khodaei Amin , Paaso Aleksi
Published: December 2022

Blockchain is a powerful technology to facilitate decarbonization, decentralization, digitalization, and democratization (4D's) of the energy systems of the future. The 4D's are the driving forces of transition into new energy systems that are more sustainable, resilient, efficient, and equitable. Although this technology can be applied to a wide spectrum of applications in the power sector, a set of challenges and limitations still need to be addressed to facilitate a full‐scope implementation in energy systems. This paper presents an overview of blockchain technology from its inception through its most recent evolution and presents a thematic review of state of the art in the application of this technology in power systems. Further, it addresses the barriers preventing the power sector from large‐scale, full‐scope adoption of this technology. Finally, the emerging blockchain trends in the near future will be discussed and its potential to facilitate a secure, decentralized energy trading platform will be investigated.
Structural characteristics of electrohydrodynamic jets induced by a blade‐plane actuator subjected to highly non‐uniform electric fields: Parametric investigation through the particle image velocimetry techniques
Authors: Yan Zelu , Louste Christophe , Traoré Philippe , Wu Jian , Fang Jian'an
Published: December 2022

This study set out to systematically investigate the structural characteristics of plane electrohydrodynamic jets through the particle image velocimetry (PIV) techniques. Due to the wide range of applied voltages and electrode gaps under various experimental conditions, an assessment of the image quality and a statistical analysis of the velocity fields are first performed to ensure the validity of the PIV measurements, which were originally applied purely to fluid mechanics. The results indicate that the time interval between two consecutive images should be pre‐adjusted to reduce the number of uncorrelated vector fields. Moreover, the minimum number of instantaneous fields should be achieved for an accurate calculation of the time‐averaged fields. An equivalent electric field criterion adapted to the asymmetric electrode configuration is defined to find similarities in flow structures under different voltage and electrode gap conditions. As the applied electric field increases, three injection regimes are identified and the current increases almost linearly, indicating a large conduction current component. The decrease in charge density due to recombination proves to be relevant in all cases of this study. Analogous to the parametric analysis approach for classical jets and thermal plumes, the evolution of the coefficients of axial velocity, half‐width and turbulence intensity are investigated.
Hydrodynamic turbulence in disks with embedded planets
Authors: Ziampras Alexandros , Kley Wilhelm , Nelson Richard P.
Published: December 2022

The vertical shear instability (VSI) is a source of hydrodynamic turbulence that can drive vigorous vertical mixing and moderate levels of accretion in protoplanetary disks, and it could be observable in the near future. With high-resolution three-dimensional numerical hydrodynamics simulations, we modeled the behavior of the VSI in protoplanetary disks with and without embedded planets. We then measured its accretion and mixing capabilities by comparing the full Reynolds stress, which includes the contribution of nonaxisymmetric features, such as spiral arms and vortices, to the Reynolds stress due to the azimuthally averaged velocity field, which can be attributed to good approximation to the VSI. We verified that the VSI can contribute to the accretion stress and showed that, depending on disk conditions, an embedded planet can coexist with or suppress VSI turbulent stress. Specifically, the presence of spiral shocks launched by a planet or planet-generated vortices can interfere with the VSI near the planet’s vicinity, with the instability recovering at large enough distances from the planet or vortex. Our results suggest that observations of VSI signatures are unlikely in disks that contain massive, nonaxisymmetric features.
The response of phytoplankton assemblages to environmental parameters in the Azad Dam Lake in the west of Iran
Authors: Fazli Hasan , Tahami Fatemeh Satadat , Nasrollahzadeh Saravi Hassan , Roohi Aboulghasem , Eker-Develi Elif , Daryanabard Gholam Reza , Vahedi Fariba
Published: December 2022

Seasonal variations of phytoplankton abundance, species composition, and their interaction with environmental parameters were investigated in the Azad Dam Lake, in the West of Iran during 2015–2016. Sampling was conducted seasonally at five stations in the lake. Multivariate statistical analyses were carried out to define the abiotic variables influencing phytoplankton community composition. A total of 51 taxa of phytoplankton belonging to six phyla were identified. Bacillariophyta (diatoms) were most diverse with 22 taxa, comprised more than 90% of the total density. Despite the low Shannon–Wiener index (H ′) diversity (0.10–1.54), pointing out the dominant density of Bacillariophyta resulted in high water quality. Statistical analysis showed seasonal phytoplankton assemblages differences indicating a biogeographical gradient. Distance-based Linear Model (DisTLM) analysis displayed six environmental variables showing significant relationships with the phytoplankton abundance in the resemblance matrix (p < 0.05). Based on Akaike's information criterion (AIC), the combination of total phosphorus (TP), water temperature (WT), Secchi disc depth (SD), total nitrogen (TN), nitrite (NO2−), and dissolved oxygen (DO) by the DisTLM model elucidated 63.1% of the total variability. Since the dam is newly constructed and has not yet been exploited, and the factors caused by human activities that threaten the lake have not yet spread much, findings of the present study suggest Azad Dam Lake appears to have been not highly affected by anthropogenic activities up to now.
Morphologic and genetic characterization ofPterygodermatites(Mesopectines)valladaresin. sp. (Nematoda, Rictulariidae), a parasite of the mouseMus musculus(Rodentia, Muridae) from the Canary Islands (Spain)
Authors: Miquel Jordi , Martín-Carrillo Natalia , Ribas Alexis , Sánchez-Vicente Santiago , Feliu Carlos , Foronda Pilar
Published: December 2022

A new rictulariid nematodePterygodermatites(Mesopectines)valladaresin. sp., parasite of the house mouseMus musculus(Rodentia: Muridae) in the Canary Islands (Spain) is described by means of light and scanning electron microscopy. The new species belongs to the subgenusMesopectinescharacterized by a more or less dorsal orientation of the buccal capsule, the presence of three oesophageal teeth, the morphology of the oral denticles and the Spirurida type of arrangement of caudal papillae in males. The most discriminant characteristics between the new species and the existing species in the subgenusMesopectinesare (a) the number of cuticular projection pairs (62–64), (b) the size of right and left spicules (respectively, 62–90 µm and 123–139 µm), (c) the number of midventral fans in males (3–4), (d) the number of prevulvar/total cuticular projection pairs (38–42/63–71), (e) the posterior differentiation of combs into spines in relation to the position of the vulva and (f) the anterior position of the vulva in relation to the oesophagus-intestine junction in females. Parasitized hosts and geographical distribution are also useful criteria to distinguishP.(Me.)valladaresin. sp. from the remaining species of the subgenus. In addition, thecox1sequence of the new species is provided and compared with available data of related species.
Microbial virus epidemics in the presence of contact-mediated host dormancy
Authors: Blath Jochen , Tóbiás András
Published: December 2022

We investigate a stochastic individual-based model for the population dynamics of host–virus systems where the microbial hosts may transition into a dormant state upon contact with virions, thus evading infection. Such a contact-mediated defence mechanism was described in Bautista et al (2015) for an archaeal host, while Jackson and Fineran (2019) and Meeske et al (2019) describe a related, CRISPR-Cas induced, dormancy defense of bacterial hosts to curb phage epidemics. We first analyse the effect of the dormancy-related model parameters on the probability and time of invasion of a newly arriving virus into a resident host population. Given successful invasion in the stochastic system, we then show that the emergence (with high probability) of a persistent virus infection (‘epidemic’) in a large host population can be determined by the existence of a coexistence equilibrium for the dynamical system arising as the deterministic many-particle limit of our model. This is an extension of a dynamical system considered by Beretta and Kuang (1998) that is known to exhibit a Hopf bifurcation, giving rise to a ‘paradox of enrichment’. In our system, we verify that the additional dormancy component can, at least for certain parameter ranges, prevent the associated loss of stability. Finally, we show that the presence of contact-mediated dormancy enables the host population to attain higher equilibrium sizes – while still being able to avoid a persistent epidemic – than host populations without this trait.
Bilirubin Measurement Through a Smartphone Application in Preterm
Infants
Authors: Ustun Huseyin , Oncel Mehmet Yekta , Kefeli Melike , Akar Melek , Engür Defne
Published: December 2022

Backround Aim of the present study is to evaluate the feasibility and
reliability of an smartphone application for monitore of bilirubin levels in
preterm infants.

Methods Preterm infants hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit
with gestational age of<35 weeks were included. Exclusion criteria were
parental reluctance and requirement of phototherapy in the last
12 hours. Measurements were obtained through a smartphone application
(BiliScan) along with simultaneous transcutaneous device (Dräger JM 105)
and venous blood biochemistry.

Results Mean gestational age was 30.8±2.4 weeks and birth weight
was 1622±566 g. Measurements were obtained at a median of 4
(1–21) days of life. Twenty-five infants (19.4%) had ABO
and/or Rh incompatibility and 39 infants (30.2%) required
phototherapy. None of the cases required exchange transfusion. Mean total serum
bilirubin (TSB) level was 8.16±2.60 mg/dL, mean
transcutaneous bilirubin (TcB) level was
8.60±2.70 mg/dL, and the mean bilirubin level measured
by BiliScan was 7.26±2.68 mg/dL. For TSB and TcB
measurements, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was found to be 0.915
(95% confidence interval 0.835–0.951; p<0.001) and a
strong positive correlation was found between these two measurements. When TSB
and BiliScan measurements were compared, ICC was found to be significant as
0.512 (95% confidence interval 0.353–0.638; p<0.001),
with a moderate correlation.

Conclusions In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and reliability of
a smartphone application for monitoring bilirubin levels in preterm infants.
Although BiliScan measurements reported to display high correlation in term
infants, a moderate correlation was found in the preterm infants. It is an
emerging low-cost, non-invasive alternative for neonatal jaundice monitoring,
however, results should be interpreted with caution in preterm infants.
Wie verbreitet sind komplementärmedizinische Verfahren in
bayerischen Krankenhäusern? Eine Vollerhebung für Bayern
mittels Website-Screening
Authors: Kollikowski Anne , Schiffmann Lisa , Gabriel Katharina , Gágyor Ildikó , Heuschmann Peter , Langhorst Jost , Keil Thomas , Löffler Claudia
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund In Deutschland werden komplementärmedizinische
Verfahren von bis zu 62% der Patienten genutzt, Art und Ausmaß
dieser Versorgungsangebote im stationären Sektor sind jedoch nicht
bekannt. Die Zielsetzung der Studie war es, eine Statuserhebung zu
komplementärmedizinischen Verfahren mittels Screening der
Internetauftritte aller bayerischen Akutkrankenhäuser jeglicher
Versorgungsstufe durchzuführen, um das Spektrum der angewendeten
komplementärmedizinischen Verfahren zu erfassen.

Methoden Im Jahr 2020 wurde nach dem Vier-Augen-Prinzip ein
unabhängiges und vollständiges Website-Screening aller
bayerischen Akutkrankenhäuser durchgeführt. Angebotene Verfahren
aus der Komplementärmedizin wurden in der Gesamtheit sowie getrennt nach
Fachgebieten analysiert.

Ergebnisse Von 389 bayerischen Krankenhäusern aus der
Akutversorgung boten 82% auf ihrer Website mindestens ein und
66% mindestens drei unterschiedliche komplementärmedizinische
Verfahren an. Am häufigsten wurden Entspannungstechniken (52%),
Akupunktur (44%), Massagen (41%), Bewegungs-, Kunst- und
Musiktherapie (33%, 30% bzw. 28%), meditative
Bewegungsverfahren wie Yoga (30%) und Aromatherapie (29%)
angeboten. Nach Fachgebieten getrennt fanden sich
komplementärmedizinische Verfahren mit 87% am häufigsten
in der Psychiatrie/Psychosomatik (primär Entspannungsverfahren
69%, Bewegungs- und Kunsttherapie jeweils 60%), sowie mit
72% in der Gynäkologie/Geburtshilfe (primär
Akupunktur 64%, Homöopathie 60% und Aromatherapie
41%).

Schlussfolgerungen Die große Mehrheit der bayerischen
Akutkrankenhäuser scheint laut ihrer Internetauftritte auch
komplementärmedizinische Verfahren in der Therapie einzusetzen,
insbesondere bei psychischen Indikationen sowie in der Geburtshilfe und
Gynäkologie. Wie häufig diese im Klinikalltag
tatsächlich zur Anwendung kommen und ob dies sich auch an der aktuellen
Evidenz orientiert, sollte in weiteren Studien untersucht werden.
Spezifische Arbeitsbelastungen bei Mitarbeitenden mit
Migrationshintergrund in der Kranken- und Altenpflege: Ein systematisches
Review
Authors: Schmidt Sebastian , Lörzing Romina , Jahn Jennifer , Andersch-Rupprecht Claudia , Emmert Martin , Nagel Eckhard
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund Multimorbidität, zunehmend chronisch-erkrankte
Patient*innen sowie der demografische Wandel führen in
Deutschland zu einem erhöhten Versorgungsaufwand bei zunehmender
Personalknappheit in der Kranken- und Altenpflege. Vor dem Hintergrund des
bestehenden Fachkräftemangels in der Kranken- und Altenpflege werden
zunehmend Pflegende mit Migrationshintergrund der 1. und 2. Generation (PmMH)
rekrutiert und in bestehende (Unternehmens-) Kulturen integriert. Dies stellt
einen wichtigen Ansatzpunkt für eine dauerhafte und bedarfsgerechte
Versorgungslandschaft dar.

Ziel der Studie Ziel der Studie ist die Identifikation und Analyse von
spezifischen Belastungen von PmMH am Arbeitsplatz der Kranken- und
Altenpflege.

Material und Methoden Es wurde eine systematische Literaturrecherche in
relevanten Fachdatenbanken (Pubmed, PsychInfo, Web of Science, Cochrane)
durchgeführt, ergänzt durch eine erweiternde Schneeball- und
Handsuche. Im Anschluss erfolgte eine deskriptive Ergebnisdarstellung der
Studieninhalte, welche in einem darauffolgenden Schritt durch mehrere Personen
iterativ in thematische Kategorien zusammengeführt und konsolidiert
wurden.

Ergebnisse Es wurden 15 Publikationen als relevant identifiziert und in
die Analyse eingeschlossen. Es konnten spezifische, migrationsassoziierte
Belastungsfaktoren identifiziert werden. Insbesondere die Kategorien:
„Diskriminierung und Rassismus“, „Sprach- und
Kommunikationsprobleme“ sowie „Kulturelle Anpassung“
prägen die (Zusammen-) Arbeit in der Kranken- und Altenpflege und
führen zu zusätzlichen Belastungen bei den Mitarbeitenden sowie
den Patient*innen und bilden konkrete Handlungsfelder für
betriebliche Akteur*innen.

Diskussion Die vorliegende Übersichtsarbeit konnte spezifische
Belastungen von PmMH identifizieren und zusammenfassen. Es ist an dieser Stelle
davon auszugehen, dass diese nicht einseitig, ausschließlich auf PmMH
wirken, sondern dass vielmehr bilaterale Verflechtungen bestehen. Betriebliche
Konzepte scheinen die bestehenden Herausforderungen bisher nicht adäquat
lösen zu können, sodass wirksame, nachhaltige Ansätze zu
finden sind. Inwiefern die benannten spezifischen Belastungen
ausschließlich PmMH beeinflussen, bleibt in diesem Kontext
unberücksichtigt, sodass sich hieraus obligater Forschungsbedarf
ergibt.
Die Perspektive der Patienten auf die HNO-Heilkunde – eine deutschlandweite Befragung
Authors: Horn Josephine , Tostmann Ralf , Dobel Christian , Löhler Jan , Guntinas-Lichius Orlando
Published: December 2022

Hintergrund Patientenorientierung zur Entscheidungsfindung für die beste Behandlung, aber auch die Patientenbeteiligung an Forschungsprojekten wird mehr gefordert.

Methoden In einer multizentrischen prospektiven Querschnittstudie haben HNO-Patienten im Juni 2021 in 27 HNO-Praxen, 18 HNO-Kliniken und 14 Universitäts-HNO-Kliniken die Möglichkeit, einen Laien-gerechten Fragebogen mit Fragen zur Patientenorientierung, evidenzbasierten Medizin, Forschungsbedarf und Gesundheitskompetenz ausgefüllt.

Ergebnisse 2023 Patientenantworten (46% weiblich; 49% 46–75 Jahre alt; 40% in HNO-Praxis) wurden ausgewertet. Als HNO-Erkrankung war am häufigsten eine Sinnesstörung (16,8%) oder ein Tumor (12,7%) angegeben. Gemeinsam bei Therapieentscheidungen zu agieren, wurde als Entscheidungsprozess favorisiert (43,5%). Genügend Zeit für das Gespräch wurde als wichtigstes Element der Beziehung genannt (15,8%). Die meisten Teilnehmer fühlten sich über die Behandlungsschritte gut informiert (42,4%). Bei der elektronischen Suche wurden vor allem allgemeine Suchmaschinen verwendet (50,3%). Drei Viertel der Teilnehmer (73,7%) hatten noch nie an einer Studie teilgenommen. Etwa zwei Drittel (62,8%) konnten sich das auch für die Zukunft nicht vorstellen. Faktoren wie Geschlecht, Alter, Schulbildung oder Ort der Befragung waren mit anderem Antwortverhalten assoziiert.

Diskussion Der Wunsch nach Patientenorientierung ist auch bei HNO-Patienten hoch und von den HNO-Ärzten in Praxis und Klinik auch häufig umgesetzt. Insbesondere Patienten mit geringer Schulbildung sollten bei der Planung und Durchführung von Studien stärker eingebunden werden, um Partizipationsmöglichkeiten gemäß den Empfehlungen der Förderinstitutionen zu geben.
Facet Joint Involvement in Early MRI Positive Axial
Spondyloarthritis
Authors: Becker-Capeller Detlef , El-Nawab-Becker Soham , Hul Marcus , Weber Nermin , Kapsimalakou Smaragda , Baraliakos Xenofon
Published: December 2022

Background The disease course of non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis
(nr-axSpA), usually detected by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is often
unclear at the time of diagnosis. We investigated which MRI findings in the
sacroiliac joints (SIJs) and lumbar spine including the facet joints can be
observed over a two-year period in patients with newly diagnosed active
inflammatory lesions in the SIJs fufilling the Assessment of SpondyloArthritis
International Society criteria (ASAS) for Axial Spondyloarthritis (axSpA).

Methods Patients (n=56, age<45 years, 30 female and 26
male, symptom duration 3–30 months) consecutively diagnosed with
unilateral or bilateral sacroiliitis through MRI during an 18-month period and
meeting the ASAS criteria for axial SpA were followed up for two years. Clinical
examination, laboratory tests and an MRI of the sacroiliac joints (SIJs), lumbar
spine and facet joints were performed at diagnosis (t0), after one year (t1) and
after two years (t2).

Results At t0, 31 patients (55%) with a bone marrow edema (BME) in
the SIJs already had detectable changes in the facet joints, including signs of
inflammation or degenerative changes. At t2, patients with facet joint
involvement in t0 not only had more significant changes in the SIJs but also
significantly more changes in the vertebral bodies, including BME, fat lesions
and vertebral body erosions than patients without changes in the facet joints at
t0. All vertebral changes described might be potential indicators of progression
to radiographic axSpA (r-axSpA). These MRI findings are seen more frequently
over a short period of time than previously thought.

Conclusions MRI progression in the SIJs over a two-year period is
associated with increasing damage to the facet joints and vertebral bodies.
Involvement of the facet joints in the early stages of the disease may indicate
increasing changes in the vertebral bodies and thus a less favourable course of
axSpA.
Empfehlungen für ein Kerncurriculum für
Masterstudiengänge der Versorgungsforschung
Authors: Ernstmann Nicole , Kuske Silke , Holmberg Christine , Wensing Michel , Reuschenbach Bernd , Büscher Andreas , Neugebauer Edmund , Karbach Ute , Bethge Matthias , Ansmann Lena , Pfaff Holger
Published: December 2022

Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, Empfehlungen für ein Kerncurriculum
für Masterstudiengänge der Versorgungsforschung zu erarbeiten.
Hierzu wurde im ersten Schritt eine standardisierte Online-Befragung von
Hochschullehrenden durchgeführt. Im zweiten Schritt wurden die
Modulhandbücher der existierenden Studiengänge in Bezug auf ihre
Lehr-Lerninhalte analysiert. Die Inhalte wurden im dritten Schritt
ergänzt durch eine Literaturrecherche. Im letzten Schritt wurden die
Empfehlungen innerhalb einer Expertenrunde final diskutiert. Die resultierenden
Empfehlungen umfassen 13 Themen zu fünf Leitfragen mit 26 Unterthemen.
Die Schwerpunktthemen stammen aus den Bereichen der Grundlagenwissenschaften im
Kontext der Versorgungsforschung, des Gesundheitssystems und der
Gesundheitspolitik, dem (empirischen) Versorgungsforschungsprozess und dem
Wissenstransfer. Die vorliegenden Empfehlungen dürfen als
Diskussionsgrundlage und Ausgangspunkt für Weiterentwicklungen
verstanden werden. Die Erarbeitung von Empfehlungen ist ein fortlaufender
Prozess und eine fortwährende Aufgabe der wissenschaftlichen
Gemeinschaft, da sich die Kernkompetenzen von Versorgungsforschenden
kontinuierlich neuen Forschungsgegenständen, neuen Forschungsmethoden
und sich verändernden Rahmenbedingungen anpassen müssen.
Does Kangaroo Care Have an Effect on Transition Time from Gavage
Feeding to Full Oral Feeding in Premature Babies?
Authors: Şimşek Didem Coşkun , Aydın Mustafa , Günay Ulviye
Published: December 2022

Objectives Kangaroo care is a safe and effective alternative method to
conventional neonatal care for newborn babies. The aim of this study was to
evaluate the effect of kangaroo care on the transition time to full oral feeding
in preterm infants fed by gavage.

Methods This is a randomized controlled trial. This study was conducted in
a level III neonatal intensive care unit of a university hospital in eastern
Turkey 50 premature babies with a birth weight of≥1000 g and a
gestational age of 27–36 weeks, and their mothers were included in the
study. The cases were randomly divided into two groups: kangaroo care, which
would be applied up to five days a week, and standard care. Records of cases
were kept regularly from their hospitalization until they reached full oral
feeding.

Results Premature babies in the kangaroo care group reached full oral
feeding at 29.20±8.06 days after birth, while babies in the standard
care group reached full oral feeding at 44.60±21.90 days. The transition
period from gavage feeding to reaching full oral feeding was 13.60±6.83
days in the kangaroo care group, and 22.10±7.38 days in the standard
care group. The difference was statistically significant (p=0.007).

Conclusion Kangaroo care is an effective method to reduce the transition
time from gavage feeding to full oral feeding for premature babies.
MPFL Reconstruction Combined with a Modified Elmslie–Trillat Procedure for Recurrent Patellofemoral Instability
Authors: Mitani Genya , Serigano Kenji , Takagaki Tomonori , Hamahashi Kosuke , Takizawa Daichi , Sogo Yasuyuki , Sato Masato , Watanabe Masahiko
Published: December 2022

Several combined procedures have been reported for treating recurrent patellofemoral instability (RPI) with various types and severity of morphological abnormalities, but none have identified absolute threshold values as indications for surgery. We performed medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction combined with a modified Elmslie–Trillat (ET) procedure on 24 knees (10 male and 11 female patients) to treat RPI with morphological abnormalities corresponding to elevated tibial tubercle–trochlear groove (TT–TG) distance, significant patella alta, and trochlear dysplasia. The inclusion criteria were RPI with morphological abnormalities corresponding to one or more of the following: sulcus angle > 160 degrees, trochlear dysplasia of Dejour classification C or D, Caton–Deschamps index > 1.5, lateral shift ratio > 50%, congruence angle > 15 degrees, or TT–TG distance > 20 mm, including habitual dislocation of the patella. Skeletally immature patients and those with congenital dislocation of the patella were excluded. The Kujala score, International Knee Documentation Committee subjective score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome score (KOOS), and each item of the KOOS improved significantly after surgery. Patellar apprehension sign was present preoperatively in all cases, but all disappeared postoperatively. No instance of postoperative redislocation was observed. On radiographic examination, the mean Q angle, tilting angle, lateral shift ratio, congruence angle, Caton–Deschamps index, Insall–Salvati index, and TT–TG distance improved significantly after surgery. There were no significant differences in sulcus angle after surgery. These results suggest MPFL reconstruction combined with a modified ET procedure provides satisfactory outcomes based on radiological and clinical evaluations for RPI with morphological abnormalities corresponding to elevated TT–TG distance, significant patella alta, and trochlear dysplasia.
Agreement between an Early-Onset Neonatal Sepsis Risk Calculator and the Colombian Clinical Practice Guideline in Three Tertiary-Care Centers in Bogotá, Colombia
Authors: Quintero-Carreño Laura Milena , Quintero-Palacios Mayra Alejandra , Palacios-Ariza María Alejandra , Morales-Vélez Ana María , Méndez-Vargas Lina María , Beltrán-Higuera Sandra , Martínez Leslie Ivonne , Prieto-Jure Reynaldo
Published: December 2022

Objective Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) worldwide help steer the management of early-onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). These documents typically discourage the use of risk assessment tools. However, prior work has shown that the Kaiser Permanente calculator (Early-Onset Sepsis Calculator [EOScalc]) could be a useful tool in EONS risk assessment. This study aimed to determine the agreement between the recommendations of the Colombian EONS CPG and those of the EOSCalc tool in a cohort of newborns in Bogotá, Colombia.

Study Design Multicenter retrospective observational cohort study. We included newborns with a gestational age ≥ 34 weeks who were admitted to the neonatal care unit with a suspected diagnosis of EONS between 2017 and 2019. Agreement between the two tools was examined using Cohen's kappa under two scenarios (unequivocal and cautious).

Results Of the 23.490 live births, 470 (1.71%) were admitted to the neonatal care unit with a presumptive diagnosis of EONS. This diagnosis was confirmed in seven patients by means of blood cultures, with group B streptococcus the most common organism (57%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 18.4–90.1). A single death occurred among the patients with confirmed EONS (lethality: 14.3%). The overall incidence of EONS was 0.298 per 1,000 live births. After splitting the recommendations into two scenarios regarding antibiotic use, unequivocal and cautious, the agreement between EOSCalc and the CPG was below 15% (6 and 14%, respectively).

Conclusion Recommendations from the Colombian EONS CPG show poor agreement with the EOSCalc, with the latter detecting all newborns with EONS. Although the use of EOSCalc is clinically and administratively advantageous, further prospective studies are warranted to determine the safety of its implementation.

Key Points
Less Invasive Surfactant Administration: A Viewpoint
Authors: Mani Srinivasan , Rawat Munmun
Published: December 2022

The standard of care in treating respiratory distress syndrome in preterm infants is respiratory support with nasal continuous positive airway pressure or a combination of continuous positive airway pressure and exogenous surfactant replacement. Endotracheal intubation, the conventional method for surfactant administration, is an invasive procedure associated with procedural and mechanical ventilation complications. The INSURE (intubation, surfactant administration, and extubation soon after) technique is an accepted method aimed at reducing the short-term complications and long-term morbidities related to mechanical ventilation but does not eliminate risks associated with endotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Alternative methods of surfactant delivery that can overcome the problems associated with the INSURE technique are surfactant through a laryngeal mask, surfactant through a thin intratracheal catheter, and aerosolized surfactant delivered using nebulizers. The three alternative methods of surfactant delivery studied in the last two decades have advantages and limitations. More than a dozen randomized controlled trials have aimed to study the benefits of the three alternative techniques of surfactant delivery compared with INSURE as the control arm, with promising results in terms of reduction in mortality, need for mechanical ventilation, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. The need to find a less invasive surfactant administration technique is a clinically relevant problem. Before broader adoption in routine clinical practice, the most beneficial technique among the three alternative strategies should be identified. This review aims to summarize the current evidence for using the three alternative techniques of surfactant administration in neonates, compare the three techniques, highlight the knowledge gaps, and suggest future directions.

Key Points
Clinical Outcome Data of Children Treated with Cannabis-Based Medicinal Products for Treatment Resistant Epilepsy—Analysis from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry
Authors: Erridge Simon , Holvey Carl , Coomber Ross , Hoare Jonathan , Khan Shaheen , Platt Michael W. , Rucker James J. , Weatherall Mark W. , Beri Sushil , Sodergren Mikael H.
Published: December 2022

Background There is a paucity of high-quality evidence of the efficacy and safety of cannabis-based medicinal products in treatment of treatment-resistant epilepsy (TRE) in children.

Methods A case series of children (<18 years old) with TRE from the UK Medical Cannabis Registry was analyzed. Primary outcomes were ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency, changes in the Impact of Pediatric Epilepsy Score (IPES), and incidence of adverse events.

Results Thirty-five patients were included in the analysis. Patients were prescribed during their treatment with the following: CBD isolate oils (n = 19), CBD broad-spectrum oils (n = 17), and CBD/Δ9-THC combination therapy (n = 17). Twenty-three (65.7%) patients achieved a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency. 94.1% (n = 16) of patients treated with CBD and Δ9-THC observed a ≥50% reduction in seizure frequency compared to 31.6% (n = 6) and 17.6% (n = 3) of patients treated with CBD isolates and broad-spectrum CBD products, respectively (p< 0.001). Twenty-six (74.3%) adverse events were reported by 16 patients (45.7%). The majority of these were mild (n = 12; 34.2%) and moderate (n = 10; 28.6%).

Conclusion The results of this study demonstrate a positive signal of improved seizure frequency in children treated with Cannabis-based medicinal products (CBMPs) for TRE. Moreover, the results suggest that CBMPs are well-tolerated in the short term. The limitations mean causation cannot be determined in this open-label, case series.
Synthesis of Chiral Primary Amines via Enantioselective Reductive Amination: From Academia to Industry
Authors: Zhang Xumu , Yin Qin , Shi Yongjie , Rong Nianxin
Published: December 2022

Chiral primary amines widely exist in drugs and are exceptionally important subunits or synthons in the syntheses of chiral secondary and tertiary amines of medicinal interest. Metal-catalyzed enantioselective reductive amination (ERA) of ketones with ammonium salts or ammonia provides a direct method for their synthesis. Although very useful, progress in this field has been very slow and important advances have only been achieved in the last few years. Several major challenges exist in this reaction, including (1) the reversible formation of unstable NH-imine intermediates; (2) the strong coordination property of N-containing reagents toward metal species; and (3) the lack of efficient catalytic systems that enable high enantiocontrol. Generally, the efficiency and enantiocontrol of this reaction is dependent on the substrate type, for instance, the use of α-keto esters/amides or aryl alkyl ketones is well established and they have even been used in the industrial production of chiral amine drugs. However, highly enantioselective control in dialkyl ketones, cyclic ketones, and α-keto acids remains unsolved. Herein, the historical development of ERA reactions with ammonium salts or ammonia gas is summarized, and novel synthetic applications toward useful synthons or drugs are presented. In addition, the factors restricting the growth of this method are also discussed.

1 Introduction

2 Enantioselective Reductive Amination via Hydrogenation

2.1 Enantioselective Reductive Amination of β-Keto Esters/Amides

2.2 Enantioselective Reductive Amination of Simple Ketones

2.3 Enantioselective Reductive Amination of α-Functionalized Ketones

2.4 Enantioselective Reductive Amination/Cyclization Cascade Reactions

2.5 Others

3 Enantioselective Reductive Amination via Transfer Hydrogenation

4 Synthetic Applications

5 Conclusions and Outlook
Urgent Pneumonectomy as a Result of an Endoleak Type III—A Late Complication after Aortic Stent Implantation
Authors: Kirschbaum Andreas , Mahnken Andreas , Wallot Pascal , Mirow Nikolas
Published: December 2022

We report on an octogenarian, who was hospitalized with acute hemoptysis. Computed tomography angiography revealed a monstrously large thrombosed aortic aneurysm in the left thoracic cavity, completely displacing the lung. Eighteen years ago, the patient had suffered traumatic rupture of the descending aorta loco typico. Surgical exploration revealed a large calcified aneurysmal sac, which had perforated into the left lung. Pneumonectomy was performed, and hemoptysis did not reoccur.
Applications of Three-Dimensional Printing in the Management of Complex Aortic Diseases
Authors: Magagna Paolo , Xodo Andrea , Menegolo Mirko , Campana Carlo , Ghiotto Luciano , Salvador Loris , Grego Franco
Published: December 2022

The use of three-dimensional (3D) printing is gaining considerable success in many medical fields, including surgery; however, the spread of this innovation in cardiac and vascular surgery is still limited. This article reports our pilot experience with this technology, applied as an additional tool for 20 patients treated for complex vascular or cardiac surgical diseases. We have analyzed the feasibility of a “3D printing and aortic diseases project,” which helps to obtain a more complete approach to these conditions. 3D models have been used as a resource to improve preoperative planning and simulation, both for open and endovascular procedures; furthermore, real 3D aortic models were used to develop doctor–patients communication, allowing better knowledge and awareness of their disease and of the planned surgical procedure. A 3D printing project seems feasible and applicable as an adjunctive tool in the diagnostic–therapeutic path of complex aortic diseases, with the need for future studies to verify the results.
Interventional Closure of a Ruptured Sinus of Valsalva with a Konar-Multifunctional Device
Authors: Krasemann Thomas , Dalinghaus Michiel , van den Berg Gert , Rebel Bas
Published: December 2022

A 14-year-old girl with trisomy 13 presented with signs of respiratory failure. This was caused by the rupture of a sinus of Valsalva aneurysm into the right atrium. A Konar Multifunctional Occluder was used for closure. This is the first report of this device for this indication.
Synthesis of the Three Most Expensive l-Hexose Thioglycosides from d-Glucose
Authors: Borbás Anikó , Herczeg Mihály , Demeter Fruzsina , Bényei Attila
Published: December 2022

The biologically important l-hexoses, which are less widespread than d-hexoses, cannot be obtained from natural sources or can only be extracted very costly. Due to the complexity of their synthesis, their commercially available derivatives (which are sold mostly in free form) are also very expensive, which is further exacerbated by the current rapid rise in prices. In the present work, starting from the cheapest d-hexose, d-glucose, using inexpensive and readily available chemicals, a reaction pathway was developed in which the three most expensive l-hexoses (l-idose, l-altrose, and l-talose) were successfully prepared in orthogonally protected thioglycoside form, ready for glycosylation. The l-ido and l-talo derivatives were synthesized by C-5 epimerization of the corresponding 5,6-unsaturated thioglycosides. From the l-ido derivatives, the orthogonally protected thioglycosides of l-altrose were then prepared by C-4 epimerization. Different approaches to the preparation of the key intermediates, 5,6-unsaturated thioglycoside derivatives, were systematically investigated in the presence of various protecting groups (ether and ester) and using commercially available reagents.
New Synthetic Approach to Protulactone A and Structural Analogues
Authors: Francuz Jovana , Djokić Sanja , Popsavin Mirjana , Rodić Marko V. , Kojić Vesna , Krüger Biljana , Popsavin Velimir
Published: December 2022

A new synthetic approach to protulactone A and several of its structural analogues, starting from d-galactose, has been developed. In a preliminary bioassay, all the compounds showed potent cytotoxicities. A structure–activity relationship analysis identified structural segments that are important for antiproliferative activity.
Fulminant Herpes Pneumonia Postaortic Surgery with Known Ankylosing Spondylitis
Authors: Asemota Nicole , Ike Ikenna David , Oo Aung Ye , Lopez-Marco Ana
Published: December 2022

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) pneumonitis is rare after cardiac surgery. A 36-year-old gentleman with ankylosing spondylitis underwent emergency surgery for a complex aortic aneurysmal disease. Preoperative treatment of aortitis with antitumor necrosis factor and steroid medication and surgical stress including cardiopulmonary bypass potentially created an immunosuppressive state and reactivation of undiagnosed HSV. Rapid HSV pneumonia ensued, culminating in fulminant organ failure and mortality. HSV pneumonia should be considered postoperatively in patients with severe respiratory distress, especially if immunocompromised.
Cerebrospinal Fluid Drainage for Prevention of Spinal Cord Ischemia in Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Surgery—Pros and Cons
Authors: Ellauzi Hesham , Arora Harendra , Elefteriades John A. , Zaffar Mohammad A. , Ellauzi Rama , Popescu Wanda M.
Published: December 2022

Thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) carries a risk of spinal cord ischemia (SCI) which exerts a devastating impact on patient's quality of life and life expectancy. Although routine prophylactic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage is not unequivocally supported by current data, several studies have demonstrated favorable outcomes. Patients at high risk for SCI following TEVAR likely will benefit from prophylactic CSF drains. However, the intervention is not risk free, and thorough risk/benefit analysis should be individualized to each patient.
Femur Osteomyelitis and Associated Fracture as an Initial Presentation of Aortoenteric Fistula
Authors: Barmparessos Emmanouil , Chatzigakis Petros , Katsikas Vasileios , Zevlas Andreas , Samaras Dimitrios
Published: December 2022

Aortoenteric fistula is a rare condition. Atypical presentations may cause significant management delays. We present the case of a 64-year-old male who experienced a pathological femoral fracture as an initial presentation of an underlying aortoenteric fistula. The aortoenteric fistula, possibly related to a poor graft tunneling technique, induced femur osteomyelitis and the associated pathological fracture.
Replacement of a Calcified Aortic Valve in a Porcine Aortic Root with the Perceval Sutureless Bioprosthesis
Authors: Falcetta Giosuè , Del Re Federico , Pratali Stefano , Bortolotti Uberto
Published: December 2022

We report a 79-year-old patient who had aortic valve replacement (AVR) using a porcine aortic root. Due to degeneration of the porcine aortic valve, he required reoperation during which a heavily calcified porcine root and aortic annulus prevented insertion of any traditional bioprosthesis. AVR was achieved using a sutureless bioprosthesis, combined with mitral valve replacement. The present case confirms the feasibility and advantages of using sutureless valve implantation in complex and high-risk redo procedures.
Inferior Vena Cava Anomalies and Pathologies
Authors: Raviraj Poojary Shweta , Chandana Venkataswamy , Pradeep Hagalahalli Nagarajegowda , Nanjaraj Chakenahalli Puttaraj
Published: December 2022

Wide array of anatomical variations and pathologies affect the inferior vena cava (IVC). Multidetector computed tomography remains the most important modality to diagnose and evaluate the extent of involvement. The congenital variations such as duplication, anomalous course of renal veins, azygos continuation of IVC, etc., remain clinically indolent and are detected incidentally in abdominal imaging. This article describes the various congenital variants which include abnormalities in drainage, failure of development, and regression of the IVC. This article also highlights the important pathological conditions such as Budd–Chiari syndrome, primary and secondary neoplasms of the IVC, bland thrombosis, and retrograde opacification of the IVC.
The Human Botfly “Bubbling Sign”: Ultrasound Features of Cutaneous Furuncular Myiasis
Authors: Papineni Vijay , Dieu Sharon , Rennie Winston Joseph
Published: December 2022

Dermatobia hominis, the human botfly, is native to South and Central America with cases of infestation seen in travelers to these areas. Myiasis is the cutaneous manifestation of larvae between two periods of molting (instar) and presents as a firm furuncular mass with a central pore that can be easily clinically overlooked. Ultrasound is useful in the diagnostic workup and has specific features and techniques to demonstrate live larva. We present a patient who acquired cutaneous furuncular myiasis caused by D. hominis , the human botfly, during her jungle trek in the Amazon forests in South America. Over 5 weeks, she developed a firm furuncular lesion with a central pore. Ultrasound revealed a hypoechoic mass with a hyperechoic oblong-shaped core that showed a fluid circulation, confirming the presence of a viable larva. Surgery was performed and a second-instar D. hominis larva was confirmed. We discuss the key ultrasound findings and management of cutaneous furuncular myiasis with the aim of raising awareness of this condition, adding to the growing body of literature likely associated with the re-opening of global travel routes.
PAX5 and TDT-Negative B-Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia with Unusual Genetic Mutations: A Case Report
Authors: Aladily Tariq N. , Qiqieh Jamil F. , Alshorman Alaa , Alhyari Salem , Khader Majd
Published: December 2022

B-acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL) is commonly encountered in clinical practice. Patients present with increased percentage of lymphoblasts in bone marrow and/or peripheral blood. Immunophenotypic study by flow cytometry or immunohistochemistry is essential to establish the diagnosis. Paired box-5 (PAX5) is a B cell lineage protein and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TDT) is an immature marker, both of which are routinely tested in the pathologic workup of acute leukemia. In this report, we describe a case of B-ALL in a 37-year-old woman in which both PAX5 and TDT were negative. Next-generation sequencing test detected mutations in DNA methyltransferase 3 α and Fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 3 genes, which are frequently mutated in acute myeloid leukemia rather than B-ALL. The constellation of these rare findings in a single case signifies the importance of examining a wide panel of markers when the diagnosis of ALL is suspected.