bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Triggering palliative care referrals through the identification of poor prognosis in older patients presented to emergency departments in rural Australia
Authors: Pitman Steven , Mason Naomi , Cardona Magnolia , Lewis Ebony , O'Shea Michael , Flood Jacinta , Kirk Mindy , Seymour Jenny , Duncan Anne
Published: February 2023

Background: Without objective screening for risk of death, the palliative care needs of older patients near the end of life may be unrecognised and unmet. Aim: This study aimed to estimate the usefulness of the Criteria for Screening and Triaging to Appropriate aLternative care (CriSTAL) tool in determining older patients’ risk of death within 3-months after initial hospital admission. Methods: A prospective cohort study of 235 patients aged 70+ years, who presented to two rural emergency departments in two adjacent Australian states, was utilised. The ‘risk of death’ of each patient was screened with the CriSTAL prognostic tool. Their 3-month follow-up outcomes were assessed through telephone interviews and a clinical record review. Findings: A CriSTAL cut-off score of more than 7 yielded a sensitivity of 80.7% and specificity of 70.81% for a 3-month risk of death. Palliative care services were only used by 31% of the deceased in their last trimester of life. Conclusion: Prognostic tools provide a viable means of identifying individuals with a poor prognosis. Identification can trigger an earlier referral to palliative care, which will benefit the patient's wellbeing and quality of life.
The maximum spectral radius of graphs with a large core
Authors: He Xiaocong , Feng Lihua , Stevanović Dragan
Published: February 2023

The $(k+1)$-core of a graph $G$, denoted by $C_{k+1}(G)$, is the subgraph obtained by repeatedly removing any vertex of degree less than or equal to $k$. $C_{k+1}(G)$ is the unique induced subgraph of minimum degree larger than $k$ with a maximum number of vertices. For $1\leq k\leq m\leq n$, we denote $R_{n, k, m}=K_k\vee(K_{m-k}\cup {I_{n-m}})$. In this paper, we prove that $R_{n, k, m}$ obtains the maximum spectral radius and signless Laplacian spectral radius among all $n$-vertex graphs whose $(k+1)$-core has at most $m$ vertices. Our result extends a recent theorem proved by Nikiforov [Electron. J. Linear Algebra, 27:250--257, 2014]. Moreover, we also present the bipartite version of our result.
A GOVERNANÇA COLABORATIVA NO ENFRENTAMENTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 : um estudo a partir do modelo Hélice Quádrupla
Authors: Da Rosa Caroline , Luís Allebrandt Sérgio , Knebel Baggio Daniel
Published: February 2023

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a materialização da governança colaborativa no contexto de enfrentamento da pandemia de covid-19 em um município gaúcho, a partir da percepção de diferentes hélices (governo, empresas, universidade e sociedade civil). Realizaram-se entrevistas com dois representantes de cada hélice e consulta a decretos municipais relativos a medidas de proteção ao covid-19. Os dados foram analisados pela técnica Análise de Conteúdo. Os resultados apontaram que as ações para o enfrentamento da pandemia foram tomadas pelo Poder Executivo no âmbito do Comitê de Enfrentamento do Novo Coronavírus, que contou com a participação de representantes de vários segmentos do setor público e privado. Não se pode afirmar que houve a concretização da governança colaborativa, pois não se observou uma atuação integrada de todas as hélices na busca pelo consenso na gestão da pandemia, com destaque para o descontentamento da hélice empresa perante as medidas adotadas pela hélice governo.
6G Intelligent Healthcare Framework: A Review on Role of Technologies, Challenges and Future Directions
Authors: Kharche Shubhangi , Kharche Jayshree
Published: February 2023

The Healthcare industry is experiencing a sea change due to the availability of disruptive communication technologies. Augmented reality, virtual reality, haptics, robotic assistance, and the ubiquitous, highly reliable low latency communication based on intelligence; support remote surgery in real-time. The sixth-generation (6G) mobile communication supporting disruptive technologies and intelligence; will realize remote healthcare for people of all ages in three-dimensional (3D) space. The discussion on the application of disruptive technologies in 6G intelligent healthcare is found insufficient in the literature. The objective of the paper is to propose a conceptual framework for 6G intelligent healthcare and elaborate on applications of the various disruptive technologies with their associated challenges. The state-of-the-art technologies viz; digital twin, blockchain, optical wireless communication, wireless energy transfer, tactile Internet, holographic communication, quantum communication, artificial intelligence, etc., are elaborated for their applications and challenges in healthcare. The fifth-generation (5G) lacks supporting disruptive technologies, intelligence, and ultra-low latency requirements of remote healthcare. 6G will support highly reliable (99.9999%), secure, ultra-low latency (<0.1 microseconds), and ultra-high-speed communication (>1 Tbps) required for remote and ubiquitous healthcare. Moreover, 6G supports the Internet of Everything, Internet of skills, and Internet of thinking to realize and optimize healthcare globally.
Identity – Attribute Inference in Online Social Network(s) Using Bio-Inspired Algorithms and Machine Learning Approaches
Authors: Shetty Nisha P. , Muniyal Balachandra , Teja Daita Ravi , Maben Leander Melroy , Vinil Tummala Srinag
Published: February 2023

Twitter is one of the most popular social networking sites today, and it has become a critical tool for gathering data from numerous individuals throughout the world. The platform hosts a variety of debates spanning from current events and news to entertainment, advertising, and technology. In contrast to earlier approaches, the proposed work employs the concept of both direct (via tweets) and indirect stance detection (via homophily elements) to infer sensitive attributes. Along with attribute-based inference, the proposed work also matches user profiles across cross platforms via user-generated posts. Unlike prior efforts, usernames are not included in the feature set here since they are a bit of a giveaway. Bio-inspired algorithms are used along with ensemble methods to extract the best set of features.
Implementation of Generative Adversarial Networks in Mobile Applications for Image Data Enhancement
Authors: Striuk Oleksandr , Kondratenko Yuriy
Published: February 2023

This article aims to explore and research GANs as a tool for mobile devices that can generate high-resolution images from low-resolution samples and reduce blurring. In addition, the authors also analyse the specifics of GAN, SRGAN, and ESRGAN loss functions and their features. GANs are widely used for a vast range of applied tasks for image manipulations. They’re able to synthesize, combine, and restore graphical samples of high quality that are almost indistinguishable from real data. The main scope of the research is to study the possibility to use GANs for the said tasks, and their potential implementation in mobile applications.
Pemetaan potensi daerah untuk pengembangan kawasan minapolitan di beberapa lokasi dalam Provinsi Aceh: suatu kajian awal
Authors: Z. Abidin Muchlisin , Nazir Muhammad , Musman Musri
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The objective of the present survey was to map the potency of locations for developing of minapolitan area in Aceh province. The survey was conducted on November-December 2011 and it was focused on the four districts i.e. Aceh Jaya, Aceh Besar, Bireuen and Aceh Timur. The data were categorized into two types, i.e. secondary data which was compiled from annual reports, research report and other references. The primary data were collected throught direct and indirect interviewed the key persons in fisheries sector by using the questionnaire. Primary data were also obtained by direct observation in the fields. The results showed that every site has the advantages and disadvantages. However, generally all of the locations have potency to be developed as minapolitan region. Minapolitan models that can be developed are the combination between of capture fisheries, aquaculture, processing and marine tourism. Keywords: Capture fihery, aquaculture, fish processing industry and marine tourism
Analisis dampak ENSO terhadap debit aliran DAS Cisangkuy Jawa Barat menggunakan model Rainfall-Runoff
Authors: Ilhamsyah Yopi
Published: February 2023

Abstract. A study of analysis of ENSO impact on streamflow of Cisangkuy watershed West Java using Rainfall-Runoff model was done. The study was analyzed by using GR4J model. Daily rainfall and potential evaporation are model initial data. The model was tested for 2 years running by applying least square error method provided by spreadsheet application to reduce the initial value problem. The model showed a good result with Nash-Sutcliffe Efficiency of 70.0. The model was then simulated for 5 years. Monthly streamflow which is model output was then analyzed. The ENSO impact was done by identifying SOI to the variability of rainfall and streamflow. The model result showed that during La-Niña year in 2000, streamflow decreased below normal. The situation remain question that need to be further investigated. During normal year from 2001 to 2004, streamflow was normal. However, during El-Niño year, the decreasing rainfall also have an effect on the decreasing of streamflow in Cisangkuy watershed. The result also showed that the correlation between climate anomaly Nino 3.4 and variability of rainfall and streamflow is significant with correlation coefficient of -0.69 and -0.30, respectively. The regression model was governed and was then utilized to predict the risk analysis in Cisangkuy watershed by using stochastic spreadsheet under Crystal Ball application.
Model spasial daerah potensi banjir rob di pesisir Kabupaten Sukabumi Jawa Barat
Authors: Taofiqurohman S Ankiq
Published: February 2023

Abstract. On March 2012, the Coastal area of Kabupaten Sukabumi, West Java, was affected by tidal flooding. This tidal flooding occured because of the supermoon phenomenon that combine with heavy rains. The potential of tidal flood disaster in Kabupaten Sukabumi coastal area requires an immediate action in order to manage the disaster. The first step to mitigate the disaster is by mapping the area that potentially affected by tidal flood. The objective of this research is to modelling the tidal flood area in coastal of Kabupaten Sukabumi. The result of this research shows that the area that potentially affected by tidal flood without supermoon phenomenon is covering 29% of the coastal area of Kabupaten Sukabumi and it is increasing to 37% when supermoon phenomenon occured.
Kondisi ekosistim mangrove di sub district Liquisa Timor-Leste
Authors: De Jesus Antonio
Published: February 2023

Abstract. The objective of the present study was to determine the condition of the mangrove ecosystem and how to the influence of physic-chemical environment parameters on community structure of mangrove vegetation in Kaitehu Tibar and Ulmera in Bazartete coastal areas District of Liquisa, Timor-Leste. The parameters observed include the condition of mangrove vegetation, soil substrates, plankton abundance and Nutrient Elements in the area. The results showed that, the Sonneratia alba species is the most dominating in Bazartete area, compared with Rhizophora and Brugueira cylindric species, ie 967 threes /ha, 967 threes /ha, and 1333 threes /ha, The results of laboratory analysis quality of physical-chemical conditions of the environment shows that, there are significant differences in soil nutrient substrate in the 3 observation areas. such as follows: Substrate ground, the average content of C-organic were 0.67%, 2.47% and 0.21%, K = 1.17 Me/100g, 1.20 Me/100g , and 1.14 Me/100g; Ca = 32.39 Me/100g, Me/100g 25.83, and 27.09 Me/100g; Me/100g Mg = 11.46, 9.81 and 9.78 Me Me/100g / 100g; Me/100 g Na = 8.47, 8.26 and 9.78 Me/100g Me/100g. The cation concentration at each observation areas is : K = 0.023 mg / l, 0.023 mg / l and 0.046. Ca = 0.05 mg / l, 0.04 mg / l and 0.04 mg / l. Mg= 0.02 mg / l, 0.03 mg / l, 0.026 mg / l, and Na = 0.03 mg / l, 0.03 mg/l and 0.02 mg/l.Keywords. Mangrove ecosystems, mangrove environment habitats, organic matter, Calsium and Magnesium
Potensi limbah kulit buah Nyirih Xylocarpus granatum sebagai inhibitor tirosinase
Authors: Gazali Mohamad , Zamani Neviaty P , Batubara Irmanida
Published: February 2023

The aim of the present study was to analyse the peel waste of Xylocarpus granatum fruits as potential source of tyrosinase inhibitors. Dried peel samples were ground to yield a powder (simplicia). Subsequently, they were extracted with organic solvents of distinct polarity levels, namely n-hexane (non-polar), chloroform (semi-polar) and methanol (polar) by use of the single-maceration method. Inhibitory effects on tyrosinase activity (monophenolase) and DOPA auto-oxidation (diphenolase) were determined in bioassays. Assays with the methanol extract revealed IC50 values of 784.87 μg mL-1 (monophenolase) and of 1176.66 μg mL- 1 (diphenolase), respectively. In contrast, n-hexane and chloroform extracts showed no activity. These results indicate that the methanolic fruit peel extract contained tyrosinase-inhibiting compounds, such as flavonoids, tannins and saponins, whereas the nhexane and chloroform extracts yielded alkaloids, steroids and triterpenoids without tyrosinase-inhibiting activity. The phenolic compounds had a strong effect on the tyrosinase enzymes, inhibiting monophenolases by 97% and diphenolases by 96%, with a positive correlation between the total phenolic content and the inhibition rate in both activities. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis kulit buah Xylocarpus granatum sebagai sumber potensial inhibitor tirosinase. Sampel kering digiling untuk menghasilkan (serbuk) simplisia. Berikutnya, simplisia diekstraksi dengan pelarut organik dengan tingkat kepolaran yaitu n-heksana (non polar), kloroform (semi polar) dan metanol (polar) dengan menggunakan metode maserasi tunggal. Pengaruh inhibisi didalam aktivitas tirosinase (monofenolase) dan auto-oksidasi DOPA (difenolase) ditentukan di dalam uji. Uji ekstrak metanol menunjukkan masing-masing nilai IC50: 784,87 μg mL-1 (monofenolase) dan nilai IC50: 1176,66 μg mL- 1 (difenolase). Sebaliknya, ekstrak n-heksana dan kloroform menunjukkan tidak ada aktivitas. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol kulit buah X. granatum mengandung senyawa-senyawa yang menghambat aktivitas tirosinase seperti flavonoid, tanin dan saponin sedangkan ekstrak n-heksana dan kloroform menghasilkan senyawa alkaloid, steroid, dan triterpenoid tanpa penghambatan aktivitas tirosinase. Senyawa fenolik mempunyai pengaruh kuat dalam menginhibisi enzim tirosinase baik aktivitas monofenolase sebesar 97% dan aktivitas difenolase sebesar 96% dengan korelasi positif antara kandungan total fenol dan tingkat inhibisi pada kedua aktivitas
JPEG Pleno holography presents the numerical reconstruction software for holograms: an excursion in holographic views
Authors: Birnbaum Tobias , Muhammad Raees K. , Perra Cristian , Gilles Antonin , Blinder David , Kozacki Tomasz , Schelkens Peter
Published: February 2023

Digital reconstructions of numerical holograms enable data visualization and serve a multitude of purposes ranging from microscopy to holographic displays. Over the years, many pipelines have been developed for specific hologram types. Within the standardization effort of JPEG Pleno holography, an open-source MATLAB toolbox was developed that reflects the best current consensus. It can process Fresnel, angular spectrum, and Fourier–Fresnel holograms with one or more color channels; it also allows for diffraction-limited numerical reconstructions. The latter provides a way to reconstruct holograms at their intrinsic physical instead of an arbitrarily chosen numerical resolution. The Numerical Reconstruction Software for Holograms v10 supports all large public data sets featured by UBI, BCOM, ETRI, and ETRO, in their native and vertical off-axis binary forms. Through the release of this software, we hope to improve the reproducibility of research, thus enabling consistent comparison of data between research groups and the quality of specific numerical reconstructions.
Upgrading the front end of the petawatt-class PEARL laser facility
Authors: Mukhin I. B. , Glushkov K. A. , Soloviev A. A. , Shaykin A. A. , Ginzburg V. N. , Kuzmin I. V. , Martyanov M. A. , Stukachev S. E. , Mironov S. Yu. , Yakovlev I. V. , Khazanov E. A.
Published: February 2023

A new front-end laser system with optical synchronization of chirped
femtosecond and pump pulses for the petawatt laser complex PEtawatt
pARametric Laser (PEARL) has been developed. The new front-end system
provides a broader femtosecond pulse spectrum, temporal shaping of the
pump pulse, and a significant increase in the stability of the
parametric amplification stages of the PEARL.
Imaging-assisted Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy for diamond jewelry identification and evaluation
Authors: Tsai Tsung-Han
Published: February 2023

Jewelry identification and evaluation are limited owing to interference from the surrounding metal mount and adjacent gemstones. To maintain transparency in the jewelry market, this study proposes imaging-assisted Raman and photoluminescence spectroscopy for jewelry measurement. The system can automatically measure multiple gemstones on a jewelry piece sequentially, using the image as a reference for alignment. The experimental prototype demonstrates the capability of noninvasive measurement for separating natural diamonds from their laboratory-grown counterparts and diamond simulants. Furthermore, the image can be used for gemstone color evaluation and weight estimation.
Generalizable turbulent flow forecasting for adaptive optics control
Authors: Shaffer Benjamin D. , Vorenberg Jeremy R. , Wilcox Christopher C. , McDaniel Austin J.
Published: February 2023

In this work, we characterize the capability of artificial neural network predictive models for generalizable turbulence forecasting, particularly for use in predictive adaptive optics (AO) applications. Predictive AO control, which utilizes future state predictions of an optical wavefront propagated through a turbulent medium to drive correction, is a promising technology for optical propagation in high-disturbance and low-signal environments. The dynamics describing the evolution of turbulent flow can vary greatly. Accordingly, a generalizable approach to turbulence forecasting has key benefits in allowing for prediction across a range of conditions, thus enabling continuous predictive AO operation in dynamic environments and having reduced sensitivity to changes in conditions. We present a model for generalizable turbulence forecasting, which demonstrated consistent high performance over a range of compressible flow conditions outside those included in the training sample, with only a minimal increase in prediction error compared with a hypothetical baseline model, which assumes perfect a priori characterization. These results demonstrate a clear ability to extract useful dynamics from a limited domain of turbulent conditions and apply these appropriately for forecasting, which could inform future design of predictive AO systems.
Compact, high-speed multi-directional selective plane illumination microscopy
Authors: Power Rory M. , Schlaeppi Anjalie , Huisken Jan
Published: February 2023

We present an elegant scheme for providing multi-directional illumination in selective plane illumination microscopy (SPIM). Light sheets can be delivered from one of two opposed directions at a time and pivoted about their center for efficient stripe artifact suppression using only a single galvanometric scanning mirror to perform both functions. The scheme results in a much smaller instrument footprint and allows multi-directional illumination with reduced expense compared with comparable schemes. Switching between the illumination paths is near instantaneous and the whole-plane illumination scheme of SPIM maintains the lowest rates of photodamage, which is often sacrificed by other recently reported destriping strategies. The ease of synchronization allows this scheme to be used at higher speeds than resonant mirrors typically used in this regard. We provide validation of this approach in the dynamic environment of the zebrafish beating heart, where imaging at up to 800 frames per second is demonstrated alongside efficient suppression of artifacts.
Statistical modeling of atmospheric turbulence based on a low-cost experimental setup for measuring C
n2 over water
Authors: Carvalho Tamara S. , Azzolin Claisso P. , Gurgel Airton F. , Carneiro Vítor G. A. , Giraldi Maria Thereza M. R.
Published: February 2023

The performance of communication systems based on free-space optical links depends on external factors such as weather conditions. Among many atmospheric factors, turbulence can be the greatest challenge to performance. The characterization of atmospheric turbulence usually involves expensive equipment known as a scintillometer. This work presents a low-cost experimental setup for measuring the refractive index structure constant over water, which results in a statistical model based on weather conditions. The turbulence variations with air and water temperature, relative humidity, pressure, dew point, and different watercourse widths are analyzed for the proposed scenario.
Highly CEP-stable optical parametric amplifier at 2 µm with a few-cycle duration and 100 kHz repetition rate
Authors: Kurihara Takayuki , Yang Tianqi , Mizuno Tomoya , Kanai Teruto , Itatani Jiro
Published: February 2023

We develop a BiB3O6 (BiBO)-based optical parametric amplifier in the spectral region around 2 µm using a Yb:KGW amplifier operating at 100 kHz. The two-stage degenerate optical parametric amplification results in a typical output energy of 30 µJ after compression, spectrum covering 1.7–2.5 µm range, and a pulse duration fully compressible down to 16.4 fs, corresponding to 2.3 cycles. Due to the inline difference frequency generation of the seed pulses, the carrier envelope phase (CEP) is passively stabilized without feedback over 11 hours at the level below 100 mrad including a long-term drift. Short-term statistical analysis in the spectral domain further shows a behavior qualitatively different from that of parametric fluorescence, indicating high degree of suppression of optical parametric fluorescence. The high phase stability together with the few-cycle pulse duration is promising for the investigation of high-field phenomena such as subcycle spectroscopy in solids or high harmonics generation.
Transfer model to determine the above-water remote-sensing reflectance from the underwater remote-sensing ratio
Authors: Bi Shun , Röttgers Rüdiger , Hieronymi Martin
Published: February 2023

Remote-sensing reflectance, Rrs(λ, θ, Δϕ, θ
s
), contains the spectral color information of the water body below the sea surface and is a fundamental parameter to derive satellite ocean color products such as chlorophyll-a, diffuse light attenuation, or inherent optical properties. Water reflectance, i.e., spectral upwelling radiance, normalized by the downwelling irradiance, can be measured under- or above-water. Several models to extrapolate this ratio from underwater “remote-sensing ratio”, rrs(λ), to the above-water Rrs, have been proposed in previous studies, in which the spectral dependency of water refractive index and off-nadir viewing directions have not been considered in detail. Based on measured inherent optical properties of natural waters and radiative transfer simulations, this study proposes a new transfer model to spectrally determine Rrs from rrs for different sun-viewing geometries and environmental conditions. It is shown that, compared to previous models, ignoring spectral dependency leads to a bias of ∼2.4% at shorter wavelengths (∼400 nm), which is avoidable. If nadir-viewing models are used, the typical 40°-off nadir viewing geometry will introduce a difference of ∼5% in Rrs estimation. When the solar zenith angle is higher than 60°, these differences of Rrs have implications for the downstream retrievals of ocean color products, e.g., > 8% difference for phytoplankton absorption at 440 nm and >4% difference for backward particle scattering at 440 nm by the quasi-analytical algorithm (QAA). These findings demonstrate that the proposed rrs-to-Rrs model is applicable to a wide range of measurement conditions and provides more accurate estimates of Rrs than previous models.
Compact nonvolatile polarization switch using an asymmetric Sb2Se3-loaded silicon waveguide
Authors: Jin Huimin , Niu Lei , Zheng Jiajiu , Xu Peipeng , Majumdar Arka
Published: February 2023

We propose and simulate a compact (∼29.5 µm-long) nonvolatile polarization switch based on an asymmetric Sb2Se3-clad silicon photonic waveguide. The polarization state is switched between TM0 and TE0 mode by modifying the phase of nonvolatile Sb2Se3 between amorphous and crystalline. When the Sb2Se3 is amorphous, two-mode interference happens in the polarization-rotation section resulting in efficient TE0-TM0 conversion. On the other hand, when the material is in the crystalline state, there is little polarization conversion because the interference between the two hybridized modes is significantly suppressed, and both TE0 and TM0 modes go through the device without any change. The designed polarization switch has a high polarization extinction ratio of > 20 dB and an ultra-low excess loss of < 0.22 dB in the wavelength range of 1520-1585 nm for both TE0 and TM0 modes.
0.2-4.0 THz broadband terahertz detector based on antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN HEMTs arrayed in a bow-tie pattern
Authors: Zhu Yifan , Ding Qingfeng , Xiang Lanyong , Zhang Jinfeng , Li Xinxing , Jin Lin , Shangguan Yang , Sun Jiandong , Qin Hua
Published: February 2023

To satisfy the demand for broadband and high-sensitivity terahertz detectors, we designed and verified a broadband terahertz detector built with antenna-coupled AlGaN/GaN high-electron-mobility transistors (HEMTs). Eighteen pairs of dipole antennas with different center frequency from 0.24 to 7.4 THz are arrayed into a bow-tie pattern. The corresponding eighteen transistors have common a source and a drain but different gated channels coupled by the corresponding antennas. The photocurrents generated by each gated channel are combined in the drain as the output port. With incoherent terahertz radiation from a hot blackbody in a Fourier-transform spectrometer (FTS), the detector exhibits a continuous response spectrum from 0.2 to 2.0 THz at 298 K and from 0.2 to 4.0 THz at 77 K, respectively. The results agree well with simulations taking into account the silicon lens, antenna and blackbody radiation law. The sensitivity is characterized under coherent terahertz irradiation, the average noise-equivalent power (NEP) is about 188 pW/Hz at 298 K and 19 pW/Hz at 77 K from 0.2 to 1.1 THz, respectively. A maximum optical responsivity of 0.56 A/W and a minimum NEP of 7.0 pW/Hz at 0.74 THz are achieved at 77 K. The blackbody response spectrum is divided by the blackbody radiation intensity to obtain a performance spectrum, which is calibrated by measuring coherence performance from 0.2 to 1.1 THz to evaluate detector performance at frequencies above 1.1 THz. At 298 K, the NEP is about 1.7 nW/Hz at 2.0 THz. At 77 K, the NEP is about 3 nW/Hz at 4.0 THz. For further improvements in sensitivity and bandwidth, high-bandwidth coupling components, smaller series resistance, smaller gate lengths and high-mobility materials need to be considered.
Enhanced surface second harmonic generation in nanolaminates
Authors: Abtahi Fatemeh , Paul Pallabi , Beer Sebastian , Kuppadakkath Athira , Pakhomov Anton , Szeghalmi Adriana , Nolte Stefan , Setzpfandt Frank , Eilenberger Falk
Published: February 2023

Second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a second-order nonlinear optical process that is not allowed in media with inversion symmetry. However, due to the broken symmetry at the surface, surface SHG still occurs, but is generally weak. We experimentally investigate the surface SHG in periodic stacks of alternating, subwavelength dielectric layers, which have a large number of surfaces, thus enhancing surface SHG considerably. To this end, multilayer stacks of SiO2/TiO2 were grown by Plasma Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition (PEALD) on fused silica substrates. With this technique, individual layers of a thickness of less than 2 nm can be fabricated. We experimentally show that under large angles of incidence (> 20 degrees) there is substantial SHG, well beyond the level, which can be observed from simple interfaces. We perform this experiment for samples with different periods and thicknesses of SiO2/TiO2 and our results are in agreement with theoretical calculations.
Theoretical and experimental studies on intermodal nonlinear effects of a high-power near-single-mode CW Yb-doped fiber laser
Authors: Yin Lu , Han Zhigang , Shu Rong
Published: February 2023

An intermodal-nonlinearity-induced time-frequency evolution model of high-power near-single-mode continuous-wave fiber lasers (NSM-CWHPFLs) was proposed to simulate the evolution of spectral characteristics and beam quality under the combined action of intermodal and intramodal nonlinear effects. The influence of fiber laser parameters on intermodal nonlinearities was analyzed, and a suppression method involving fiber coiling and seed mode characteristic optimization was proposed. Verification experiments were conducted with 20/400, 25/400, and 30/600 fiber-based NSM-CWHPFLs. The results demonstrate the accuracy of the theoretical model, clarify the physical mechanisms of nonlinear spectral sidebands, and demonstrate the comprehensive optimization of intermodal-nonlinearity-induced spectral distortion and mode degradation.
Passively CEP stable sub-2-cycle source in the mid-infrared by adiabatic difference frequency generation
Authors: Ritzkowsky Felix , Bebeti Engjell , Rossi Giulio M. , Mainz Roland E. , Suchowski Haim , Cankaya Huseyin , Kärtner Franz X.
Published: February 2023

We report on the generation of a passive carrier-envelope phase (CEP) stable 1.7-cycle pulse in the mid-infrared by adiabatic difference frequency generation. With sole material-based compression, we achieve a sub-2-cycle 16-fs pulse at a center wavelength of 2.7 µm and measured a CEP stability of <190 mrad root mean square. The CEP stabilization performance of an adiabatic downconversion process is characterized for the first time, to the best of our knowledge.
Primary Assessment of Medicines for Expected Migrastatic Potential with Holographic Incoherent Quantitative Phase Imaging
Authors: Suranova Marketa , Duris Miroslav , Netikova Irena Stenglova , Brabek Jan , Horak Tomas , Juzova Veronika , Chmelik Radim , Vesely Pavel
Published: February 2023

Solid tumor metastases cause most deaths. Prevention of their occurrence misses suitable anti-metastases medication. Migrastatics is the answer based on the link between the in vivo metastatic activity and the in vitro enhanced migration of cancer cells. Therefore, we decided to develop a rapid test for qualifying the expected migrastatic potential of some medicines suitable for repurposing. The chosen holographic microscope Q-PHASE provides reliable multifield time-lapse recording and simultaneous analysis of the cell morphology, migration, and growth. The results of the methodology of primary assessment of the migrastatic potential exerted by the selected medicines on preferred cancer cell lines are presented.
The interrelationship between food security, climate change, and gender-based violence: A scoping review with system dynamics modeling
Authors: Agrawal Pooja , Post Lori Ann , Glover Janis , Hersey Denise , Oberoi Piya , Biroscak Brian
Published: February 2023

Gender-based violence (GBV) is a global public health and human rights problem that is exacerbated by social and environmental stressors for a multitude of interpersonal, cultural, and economic reasons. Through sudden disruptions in the microclimate of a region, climate shocks often have a negative impact on food security, which correlates with increases in GBV. Associations between the various combinations of GBV, climate change, and food insecurity have been documented in the growing international literature, but questions remain about these associations that require further clarification. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 provides insight through a real time demonstration into these interactions. This review of the global literature examines the interplay between GBV, climate change, and food insecurity—including recent literature regarding the COVID-19 pandemic. This review covers original research studies employing both quantitative and qualitative methodology, those that conducted secondary analyses of existing data sources and perspective pieces derived from observed evidence. An additional analytic layer of system dynamics modeling allowed for the integration of findings from the scoping review and discovery of additional insights into the interplay between disasters, food insecurity, and GBV. Findings from this review suggest that the development and adaptation of evidence-based, focused interventions and policies to reduce the effects of climate shocks and bolster food security may ultimately decrease GBV prevalence and impact.
Electromyographic analysis of the stomatognathic system of children with Molar-incisor hypomineralization
Authors: Carvalho Milena Rodrigues , Regalo Simone Cecilio Hallak , Siéssere Selma , Gonçalves Lígia Maria Napolitano , Paula-Silva Francisco Wanderley Garcia de , Vicioni-Marques Fernanda , Nelson-Filho Paulo , Vasconcelos Paulo Batista de , Carvalho Fabrício Kitazono de , Queiroz Alexandra Mussolino de
Published: February 2023

Introduction

Molar-incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative defect of dental enamel that affects one or more permanent first molars, with or without involvement of the incisor teeth. This condition leads to challenges to dental care and treatment planning.

Aim

Based on the hypothesis that children who have MIH possibly present alterations in postural and masticatory activities and considering the absence of studies investigating these parameters, the present study evaluated the functionality of the stomatognathic system considering the mentioned aspects.

Materials

The comparison of individuals with (MIHG; n = 32) and without MIH (CG; n = 32) was evaluated by electromyographic activity of the masseter and temporal muscles (right and left), as well as evaluation of the masticatory cycles during habitual mastication.

Results

MIHG showed muscle hyperactivity in postural and dynamic conditions compared to the CG; higher electromyographic values for MIHG when compared to CG in the following postural conditions: at rest for the right temporal (p = 0.00) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.03); in the protrusion to the right temporal muscle (p = 0.02); in the right laterality for the right masseter (p = 0.00) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.01); in the left laterality for the right masseter (p = 0.03) and left temporal (p = 0.04) muscles. In dynamic conditions with consistent food, significance was observed for the left temporal (p = 0.01); and with soft food for the right (p = 0.01) and left temporal muscles (p = 0.04).

Conclusions

Children with MIH seem to have impaired functionality of the stomatognathic system. Children with MIH have alterations in the stomatognathic system.
Exploratory study: Evaluation of a symptom checker effectiveness for providing a diagnosis and evaluating the situation emergency compared to emergency physicians using simulated and standardized patients
Authors: Abensur Vuillaume Laure , Turpinier Julien , Cipolat Lauriane , Arnaud-Dépil-Duval  , Dumontier Thomas , Peschanski Nicolas , Kieffer Yann , Barbat Boris , Riquier Thomas , Dinot Vincent , Galland Joris
Published: February 2023

Background

The overloading of health care systems is an international problem. In this context, new tools such as symptom checker (SC) are emerging to improve patient orientation and triage. This SC should be rigorously evaluated and we can take a cue from the way we evaluate medical students, using objective structured clinical examinations (OSCE) with simulated patients.

Objective

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of a symptom checker versus emergency physicians using OSCEs as an assessment method.

Methods

We explored a method to evaluate the ability to set a diagnosis and evaluate the emergency of a situation with simulation. A panel of medical experts wrote 220 simulated patients cases. Each situation was played twice by an actor trained to the role: once for the SC, then for an emergency physician. Like a teleconsultation, only the patient’s voice was accessible. We performed a prospective non-inferiority study. If primary analysis had failed to detect non-inferiority, we have planned a superiority analysis.

Results

The SC established only 30% of the main diagnosis as the emergency physician found 81% of these. The emergency physician was also superior compared to the SC in the suggestion of secondary diagnosis (92% versus 52%). In the matter of patient triage (vital emergency or not), there is still a medical superiority (96% versus 71%). We prove a non-inferiority of the SC compared to the physician in terms of interviewing time.

Conclusions and relevance

We should use simulated patients instead of clinical cases in order to evaluate the effectiveness of SCs.
Clinical outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation treated with DOACs in a specialized anticoagulation center: Critical appraisal of real-world data
Authors: Moret Carla , Acosta-Isaac René , Mojal Sergi , Corrochano Mariana , Jiménez Blanca , Plaza Melania , Souto Juan Carlos
Published: February 2023

Aims

Direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) are progressively replacing vitamin K antagonists in the prevention of thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation. However, their real-world clinical outcomes appear to be contradictory, with some studies reporting fewer and others reporting higher complications than the pivotal randomized controlled trials. We present the results of a clinical model for the management of DOACs in real clinical practice and provide a review of the literature.

Methods

The MACACOD project is an ongoing, observational, prospective, single-center study with unselected patients that focuses on rigorous DOAC selection, an educational visit, laboratory measurements, and strict follow-up.

Results

A total of 1,259 patients were included. The composite incidence of major complications was 4.93% py in the whole cohort vs 4.49% py in the edoxaban cohort. The rate of all-cause mortality was 6.11% py for all DOACs vs 5.12% py for edoxaban. There weren’t differences across sex or between Edoxaban reduced or standard doses. However, there were differences across ages, with a higher incidence of major bleeding complications in patients >85 years (5.13% py vs 1.69% py in <75 years).

Conclusions

We observed an incidence of serious complications of 4.93% py, in which severe bleeding predominated (3.65% py). Considering our results, more specialized attention seems necessary to reduce the incidence of severe complications and also a more critical view of the literature. Considering our results, and our indirect comparison with many real-world studies, more specialized attention seems necessary to reduce the incidence of severe complications in AF patients receiving DOACs.
Effects of TSA, NaB, Aza in Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and effect of TSA in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts on cell division and callus formation
Authors: Choi Seung Hee , Ahn Woo Seok , Lee Myoung Hui , Jin Da Mon , Lee Areum , Jie Eun Yee , Ju Su Ji , Ahn Sung Ju , Kim Suk Weon
Published: February 2023

Whole-plant regeneration via plant tissue culture is a complex process regulated by several genetic and environmental conditions in plant cell cultures. Recently, epigenetic regulation has been reported to play an important role in plant cell differentiation and establishment of pluripotency. Herein, we tested the effects of chemicals, which interfere with epigenetic regulation, on the plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts of lettuce. The used chemicals were histone deacetylase inhibitors trichostatin A (TSA) and sodium butyrate (NaB), and the DNA methyltransferase inhibitor azacytidine (Aza). All three chemicals increased cell division, micro-callus formation and callus proliferation in lettuce protoplasts. Cell division increased by more than 20% with an optimal treatment of the three chemicals. In addition, substantial increase in the callus proliferation rates was observed. In addition, TSA enhances cell division and adventitious shoot formation in the protoplast culture of Nicotiana benthamiana. The regenerated tobacco plants from TSA-treated protoplasts did not show morphological changes similar to the control. TSA increased histone H3 acetylation levels and affected the expression of CDK, CYCD3-1, and WUS in tobacco protoplasts. Thus, we investigated the effect of TSA, NaB, and Aza on Lactuca sativa L. protoplasts and the effect of TSA on cell division and callus formation in Nicotiana benthamiana protoplasts, which facilitates plant regeneration from mesophyll protoplasts. Furthermore, these chemicals can be directly applied as media additives for efficient plant regeneration and crop improvement in various plant species.
Combining ability of extra-early maturing pro-vitamin A maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines and performance of derived hybrids under Striga hermonthica infestation and low soil nitrogen
Authors: Makinde Solomon Akinyemi , Badu-Apraku Baffour , Ariyo Omolayo Johnson , Porbeni Justina Boloebi
Published: February 2023

Low soil nitrogen (low-N), Striga hermonthica infestation and vitamin A deficiency in normal endosperm maize are major challenges confronting maize production and nutrition of the people of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Development of pro-vitamin A (PVA) maize hybrids with combined resistance/tolerance to the two stress factors is crucial in mitigating the food insecurity and nutrition challenges resulting from low-N deficiency and Striga infestation. One hundred and fifty hybrids plus six hybrid checks were evaluated under low-N, Striga-infested and optimal conditions in Nigeria for two years. The study examined the combining ability of the PVA inbreds in contrasting environments, classified them into heterotic groups, examined the inter-relationships of grain yield and other agronomic traits of the inbreds in hybrid combinations and assessed the performance and stability of the PVA hybrids across environments. Additive gene action conditioned the inheritance of grain yield under Striga infestation and optimal conditions while non-additive gene action played the major role in the inheritance of grain yield under low-N. Hybrids TZEEIOR 217 × TZEEIOR 197 and TZEEIOR 245 × TZEEIOR 195 were the top-yielding under Striga and low-N conditions, respectively. Inbred lines were classified into three heterotic groups. Inbreds TZEEIOR 195 and TZEEIOR 221 were identified as testers while TZEEIOR 197 × TZEEIOR 82, TZEEIOR 132 × TZEEIOR 195 and TZEEIOR 205 × TZEEIOR 221 were identified as single-cross testers. Ear aspect had direct contribution to grain yield, justifying its inclusion in the multiple trait base index used for selection of Striga resistant and low-N tolerant maize genotypes in SSA. Hybrids TZEEIOR 195 × TZEEIOR 149, TZEEIOR 195 × TZEEIOR 150, TZEEIOR 245 × TZEEIOR 195, TZEEIOR 30 × TZEEIOR 150 and TZEEIOR 245 × TZEEIOR 30 were high-yielding and stable across test environments. These hybrids should be tested extensively in on-farm trials and commercialized to contribute to food security in SSA.
Metabolomics of developmental changes in Triatoma sanguisuga gut microbiota
Authors: Teal Evan , Herrera Claudia , Dumonteil Eric
Published: February 2023

Triatoma sanguisuga is one of the major vectors of Trypanosoma cruzi in the southeastern US, where it sustains a robust zoonotic parasite transmission cycle and occasional human infections. A better understanding of triatomine development may allow for alternative approaches to insecticide-based vector control. Indeed, the role of the gut microbiota and bacterial endosymbionts in triatomine development and in their vectorial capacity is emerging. We investigated here the differences in microbiota among nymph and adult T. sanguisuga, to shed light on the metabolomic interactions occurring during development. Microbiota composition was assessed by 16s gene amplification and deep sequencing from field-caught adult bugs and their laboratory-raised progeny. Significant differences in microbiota bacterial diversity and composition were observed between nymphs and adults. Laboratory-raised nymphs showed a higher taxonomic diversity, and at least seven families predominated. On the other hand, field-caught adults had a lower bacterial diversity and four families comprised most of the microbiota. These differences in compositions were associated with differences in predicted metabolism, with laboratory-raised nymphs microbiota metabolizing a limited diversity of carbon sources, with potential for resource competition between bacterial families, and the production of lactic acid as a predominant fermentation product. On the other hand, field-caught adult microbiota was predicted to metabolize a broader diversity of carbon sources, with complementarity rather than competition among taxa, and produced a diverse range of products in a more balanced manner. The restricted functionality of laboratory-raised nymph microbiota may be associated with their poor development in captivity, and further understanding of the metabolic interactions at play may lead to alternative vector control strategies targeting triatomine microbiota.
A comparative study of environmental responsibility behavior in ecotourism from the perceptions of residents and tourists: A case of Qilian Mountains National Park in China
Authors: Wang Yaobin , Zhao Ruitao , Yan Zhenbing , Wang Meizhen , Pan Yinggang , Wu Ruoxue
Published: February 2023

The environmentally responsible behaviors of residents and tourists are great significance to the protection of natural resources and sustainable development of ecotourism. This paper takes China’s Qilian Mountains National Park as the case place. By constructing a theoretical model of perceived value on environmentally responsible behavior and studying the relationship between residents’ and tourists’ perceived value, satisfaction and environmentally responsible behavior from both subject and object perspectives, the study shows that. Educational level and occupational distribution have significant effects on residents’ and tourists’ perceptions of ecotourism environmentally responsible behaviors, but age only has a significant effect on residents’ perceptions of ecotourism environmentally responsible behaviors. Gender differences do not affect residents’ and tourists’ perceptions of ecotourism environmentally responsible behaviors. The theoretical model between residents’ perceptions of environmentally responsible behaviors, environmentally responsible behaviors, and satisfaction was basically confirmed. Perceived environmentally responsible behaviors of tourists does not affect satisfaction. Satisfaction has a positive effect on tourists’ environmentally responsible behaviors. Perceived environmental responsibility of tourists has a significant positive effect on tourists’ environmentally responsible behaviors. The overall level of residents’ perception of environmentally responsible behaviors in ecotourism is higher than tourists’ perception. Residents and tourists have a poor perception of ecological and environmental protection policies. This paper expects to strengthen residents’ and tourists’ perceptions of ecologically responsible behaviors. Establishing the sentiment of satisfaction and commitment to environmental protection motivates residents and tourists to implement environmentally responsible behaviors and contribute to the sustainable development of ecotourism.