bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Prolegomena urbanizmu antičke Liburnije
Authors: Suić Mate
Published: September 2018

Potrebno je odmah na početku ovog razmatranja ukloniti eventualni nesporazum koji bi se mogao pojaviti. Ako se govori o urbanizmu antičke Liburnije, to ne znači da postoji kakav liburnskin urbanizam. Kod toga je samo važno naglasiti da je Liburnija predstavljala i u antici zaokruženu kulturnu cjelinu i da urbanizam njezinih centara pruža nekoliko primjera na kojima je moguće proučavati mnoge probleme što se javljaju u urabnizmu naših krajeva u antici. To opet, naravno, u granicama rezultata do kojih se došlo arehološkim istraživanjima. U posebnim prilozima, koji će uslijediti nakon ovog (koji je pred nama), obradit ćemo nekoliko problema o kojima dosad nije bilo govora u našoj stručnoj literaturi, a koji, po našem mišljenju zaslužuju osobitu pažnju. Na taj će način, nadamo se, biti osvijetljena još jedna stranica našeg kulturnog nasljeđa iz antike, koje je možda upravo na ovom području ponajviše došlo do izražaja.
Razvoj istraživanja prapovijesti u Dalmaciji
Authors: Batović Šime
Published: September 2018

Rad na arheološkom proučavanju prapovijesti Dalmacije nalazi se uvelike još u početnom stadiju. Postoje mnoge praznine u poznavanju toga perioda u prošlosti Dalmacije. Tako ne znamo ništa o mezolitskom razdoblju. Paleolit i brončano doba vrlo su slabo poznati. Zato još ne možemo uočiti ni osnovnog okvira svih razdoblja prapovijesti. Najbo­lje su poznati neolit, eneolit i željezno doba, ali i oni samo u osnovnim konturama, s mnogo praznina i nejasnoća, u stvari, samo su dotaknuti u pojedinim nalazištima. Najveći se napredak postigao iza drugog svjetskog rata, ali još uvijek s premalo stručnih i materijalnih snaga, pa i s nedovoljno sistematičnosti. Pojedini se periodi nisu istraživali u podjednakoj mjeri jer je rad gotovo uvijek bio uvjetovan subjektivnim okolnostima, dok mu objektivni uvjeti gotovo redovito nisu bili skloni. Osnovna svojstva dosadašnjeg rada na ispitivanju prapovijesti Dalmacije jesu: neobično slab intenzitet uopće, vrlo rijetka sistematska istraživanja, premalo objavljene građe, izuzetnost stručno i naučno obrađenih problema, potpuno nepoznavanje ili sasvim oskudno pozna­vanje pojedinih perioda, pa nedostatak kronologije. Na teme­lju tako vrlo slabog i siromašnog nasljeđa našoj se prapovijesnoj arhe­ologiji nameću mnogobrojni zadaci.Opći uvjeti arheološkog rada u Dalmaciji bili su uglavnom jed­naki kao u cijeloj Hrvatskoj pa se oni ne smiju promatrati sasvim odvojeno. Kako bi se uočili uzroci ovakva stanja prapovijesti Dalma­cije, potrebno je razmotriti njezin dosadašnji razvoj. U razvoju istraživanja prapovijesti u Dalmaciji mogu se razliko­vati tri osnovna perioda: 1) prije prvog svjetskog rata; 2) između dva rata i 3) period iza drugog svjetskog rata.
O slavističkom i općelingvističkom pristupu lužičkim jezicima
Authors: Brozović Dalibor
Published: September 2018

Lužički su jezici oduvijek privlačili pažnju slavista, osobito čeških, poljskih, ruskih i njemačkih. Taj je interes najvećim dijelom ograničen na komparativno-slavensku problematiku, u prvom redu na međusobni odnos gornjolužičkoga i donjolužičkog jezika i na odnose lužičkosrpske jezične grupe kao cjeline prema lehitskoj i če- ho-slovačkoj. Poticaji su veoma različiti — znanstveni je interes opravdan zaista visokim stupnjem zanimljivosti koju pružaju spo- menuti problemi u svoj svojoj kompleksnosti, ali ne mogu se pori- cati ni neki drugi momenti: specifičnost položaja Lužičkih Srba opko- ljenih sa svih strana područjem njemačkog jezika, procesi »izumi- ranja«, politička strana pitanja itd.
O postanku i značenju splitskih nadimaka
Authors: Vidović Radovan
Published: September 2018

Proučavanje dijalekata obuhvaća i proučavanje leksičkoga blaga. Iako je naša dijalektologija u posljednjih nekoliko decenija mnogo uznapredovala, leksičko je blago istraženo prilično slabo. To osobito vrijedi za antroponimičko područje. Splitski govor ima svojih specifičnosti, koje se ponajviše očituju u tome što se na njegovu području miješaju dva elementa: štokavski kontinentalne Dalmacije ikavskoga tipa i primorsko-čakavski. Od Marulićeva vremena pa do danas mnogo se toga izmijenilo u split- skom govoru; štokavski elemenat mnogo je jači.
Naši pejorativi romanskoga podrijetla I
Authors: Muljačić Žarko
Published: September 2018

U testamentu dubrovačkog krojača Raca1 iz god. 1363. nalazimo dvaput oblik chebre u značenju »koze«: »Anchora digo a vuy che ago IIII chebre a Stoycin de Macos. lo li ago dar ypp. III per debito. Ven- di lu bou e le chebre et da li dinerj ala uxor mia Vidna: Se paga li debiti.« Kad sam 1955. god. pročitao u Državnom arhivu u Dubrovniku taj tekst, pomislio sam na etimološki neobjašnjen izraz kebara, o kome ARj. 4, str. 930, daje podatke za Dubrovnik i pobliže neodređen dio Hercegovine: »Kebara f. kao psovka (i u šali) starome ženskom čeljadetu. — U naše vrijeme u Dubrovniku »Stara kebaro!« P. Budmani. — I u narodnoj zagoneci: Zaždih babu kebaru, sva izgorje živa, a žile ne mogoše.
Morfološke inovacije u hrvatskosrpskom jeziku
Authors: Anić Vladimir
Published: September 2018

0.1. Ovdje će se razmatranje morfoloških inovacija usmjeriti na pojave indeklinabilnosti i odnose u gramatičkom broju, tj. na odnos između duge i kratke množine u raznim idiomima standardnog jezika. 0. 2. Stalno ulaženje internacionalnih i stranih riječi u hrvat- skosrpski jezik nameće određena pitanja u vezi s njihovom dekli- nacijom i mogućnošću prilagođavanja našoj paradigmatici. Praksa standardnog jezika traži, a katkada i prejudicira rješenja, ali ne dovodi uvijek do jasnih pogleda na problem u njegovoj biti ni do željenog stupnja formalizacije, potrebnoga u praktične svrhe. Taj je zadatak nauke o našem jeziku važan i, čini se, u dogledno vrijeme ostvarljiv, Međutim, problem morfoloških inovacija u hrvatsko- srpskom jeziku stalno se nameće s novom aktualnosti, pa je kao takav uspješno tretiran,1 * a dobio je i dalekosežnu teorijsku razradu,"
Alberto Moravia između Freuda i Marksa
Authors: Rabac Glorija
Published: September 2018

Svijet Sto ga je otkrio Freud za Moraviju je neobično zanimljiv, a spoznaja njegove suštine od prvorazredna je značenja u procesu emancipacije čovjeka. »Prikazivanje seksusa u modernoj literaturi odgovara potrebi da se stane na čvrst teren, nepobitan bilo kakvom analizom; ono potječe iz opće krize vrijednosti 'koja se pojavila otpri- like uoči prvoga svjetskog rata. Nisu bez osnova Freud i Marks dva velika oslobodioca i otkrivača modernog svijeta. Determinizam prvo- ga razgolitio je ono što se krilo iza »nevinosti« porodičnih i ljubavnih odnosa, a drugoga — ono što se krilo iza »nevinosti« slobodne privre- de. Obojica su odgurnuti tajne, nazvali bezimene stvari pravim imenom ... «
Hrvatsko-slavenski književni odnosi u doba hrvatske moderne
Authors: Košutić - Brozović Nevenka
Published: September 2018

Konac XIX i početak X X stoljeća, poznat u hrvatskoj književ- noj povijesti kao doba hrvatske modeme (HM, ±1895 — ±1914), stilski je heterogeno razdoblje, u kojem se književno stvaralaštvo kreće u širokom dijapazonu od realističkog, naturalističkog i impre- sionističkog do skromnih početaka simbolističkog i futurističkog iz- raza. Takva mješavina stilova nazočna je doduše u to doba i u drugim evropskim književnostima, ali rijetko je gdje, osim u sla- venskima, i to prvenstveno onima srednjoevropskoga kruga, našla svoje mjesto i u programatskim napisima, gdje se pod firmom »slobode stvaralaštva« otvaraju vrata svim evropskim strujanjima, pravcima i pobudama, sve u želji da se što prije nadoknadi zaosta- janje i krene u korak s Evropom. U tom su procesu značajnu ulogu za hrvatsku književnost odigrali i kontakti sa slavenskim zemljama i njihovima literaturama, koji su na samom razmeđu stoljeća bili mnogo življi nego ikada, a poznavanje pojedinih slavenskih jezika i književnosti mnogo potpunije nego u prethodnim razdobljima. Dapače, mada Modema znači otvaranje prema zapadnoj Evropi i skandinavskim književnostima, ona ne napušta u nas već tradicio- nalnu svjesnu slavensku orijentaciju, koju će propagirati, što stvar- no, a što pretežno deklarativno, predstavnici svih generacija i gru- pacija toga razdoblja.
Aspektne osobitosti modalnih glagola
Authors: Kravar Miroslav
Published: September 2018

jedna skupina od nekoliko glagola, što ih s obzirom na njihovu leksičku semantiku možemo označiti kao »modalne« ili »načinske«: moći, umjeti, znati, htjeti, voljeti (u smislu lat. »malle«), smjeti, morati, trebati, valjati, imati i dati (lat. »sinere«), zauzimlje u okviru hrvat- skoga ili srpskoga glagola osobito mjesto, na što naša nauka nije do danas dovoljno ukazala. Tim su glagolima zajedničke dvije karakteri- stične crte — jedna morfološka, a druga sintaktička — po kojima stoje na po puta između pomoćnoga glagola biti i čitava mnoštva ostalih glagola, tzv. glagola potpuna smisla, koji znače objektivne glagolske sadržaje: radnje, bivanja i stanja. Taj se njihov status i određuje u prvom redu time što u pogledu leksičkoga značenja nisu sasvim samo- stalni, nego se — jedni obavezno, a drugi neobavezno — dopunjuju infinitivom glagola potpuna smisla ne označujući objektivne glagolske sadržaje, već različite stupnjeve modalnosti, načinskoga stava govor- noga lica prema stupnju stvarnosti glagolskog sadržaja izrečenoga dopunom u infinitivu.
Faulknerova alegorija moralne svijesti
Authors: Janković Mira
Published: September 2018

Opsežna literatura o Williamu Faulkneru obrađuje dobrim dijelom posebne aspekte pojedinih romana, dok su još zasada rjeđi pristupi njegovu djelu u cjelini. Najbrojnije su studije o djelima iz ranijega razdoblja piščeva, a razmjerno je malo osvrta na romane i novele što ih je on objavio za vrijeme i poslije drugoga svjetskog rata.
Donadijev odnos prema Dostojevskome
Authors: Franić Ante
Published: September 2018

Hrvatska književna kritika i prijevođna književnost počela se zanimati za Dostojevskoga osamdesetih godina prošloga stoljeća, otprilike u isto vrijeme kad je on postao predmetom veće pažnje u zapadnoevropskim zemljama. Za razdoblja moderne on ne zauzima onako vidno mjesto u hrvatskoj književnosti kao neki drugi ruski ili -evropski pisci, ali njegova prisutnost, pogotovu posrednim putem, preko evropskih modernista na koje je Dostojevski utjecao, a koji su djelovali na idejno-estetsku i književno-teoretsku bazu i orijentaciju hrvatske moderne, ne može se sasvim negirati.' Hrvatska je moderna, iako je težila otkrivanju unutrašnjih svjetova čovjekova bića, u mnogome zanemarila psihoanalitičku umjetnost Dostojevskoga, ali je zato pripremila pogodno tlo za brz razvoj njegova kulta kod većega dijela naših literata tokom nekoliko narednih godina, u vrijeme Prvoga svjetskog rata, ili tačnije, u drugoj polovici drugoga decenija našega stoljeća;' Do 1921. godine, koja označuje kraj Donadinijeve književne aktivnosti i u kojoj se navršila 40-godišnjica smrti Dostojevskoga, na hrvats'kosrpski jezik bila su prevedena sva važnija djela pisca poniženih i uvrijeđenih i filozofa bezgraničnoga milosrđa.
Aktualni problemi homerologije
Authors: Glavičić Branimir
Published: September 2018

Svatko kome su poznati glavni problemi homerologije još samo prije deset-petnaest godina, pa bio to i klasički filolog koji se tim pitanjima danas posebno ne bavi, nemalo će biti iznenađen ne samo širinom i novošeu tematike nego još više novim načinom obrade u traženju rješenja raznih već dobro poznatih problema, za koje je u svoje vrijeme bio navikao na drugačije metode rada i drugačije, već ustaljene procedure, — da ne kažem da će biti zbunjen obilnom literaturom koja danomice pristiže iz najrazličitijih strana svijeta. Uzrok su tim velikim promjenama ne samo najnovija naučna otkrića (o njima će posebno biti govora malo kasnije), koja traže još čvršće nego dosad povezivanje homerologije s mnogim drugim disciplinama — arheologijom,' starom historijom,3 mitologijom3 itd., s jedne strane, a s druge, s komparativnim proučavanjem suvremene epske poezije drugih naroda,4 što je sve zajedno danas snažno uputilo homerologiju na nove putove istraživanja, nego su te promjene uzrokovali i faktori drugačije prirode.
Podrijetlo i domet Croceovih stilističkih dilema
Authors: Festini Mario
Published: September 2018

Naslov ovoga napisa mogao bi biti bespredmetan i u sebi proti- vurječan kad bismo uzeli u obzir samo Croceov deklarirani negativni stav prema stilistici i stilističkoj kritici, odnosno ocijenili Crocea isključivo na osnovi njegovih estetičkih formulacija, koje isključuju a priori svaku stilističku implikaciju. Međutim, pristupimo li Cro- ceovu djelu kao cjelini, shvatit ćemo da su stilističke preokupacije implicitno uvijek prisutne u njegovu panestetizmu, te da su u stvari glavni pokretač dijalektike njegovih misli. Shvatit ćemo da su Croceove antistilističke izjave bile uperene isključivo protiv pozitivističke stilistike, koja nastoji uklopiti u sistem stilističkih varijanti čitav živi jezični organizam, odnosno protiv onoga »izučavanja koherentnog izražajnog sistema jednoga autora koji se iscrpljuje u samom sebi«, a ne nastoji otkriti dijalektiku kojem ergon postaje energija, sadržaj — forma, odnosno, Croeeovim riječima »praktički čin« —- »teoretski čin«.
Satira o kralju Jamesu u nekim dramama njegovih suvremenika
Authors: Mardešić Ivo
Published: September 2018

Kralj James nije p rv a figura političkog i javnog života koja seu različitim vidovima pojavljuje u engleskoj literaturi, prvenstvenodrami. Bilo je i ranijih, uglavnom alegoričnih djela u kojima sepojavljuju poznati ljudi određenoga doba. Ne treba ići mnogo unatragda se vidi kako se i sam Jamesov prethodnik na engleskomprijestolju, kraljica Elizabeta, opisuje u nekim djelima svojih suvremenika.Ali koliko nam je poznato, ni u jednom djelu, pa takoni u Spenserovu djelu Faerie Queene, u kojem je prikazana kraljicaElizabeta, ne pojavljuje se kraljeva ili kraljičina osoba bezaureole i neprikosnovenosti kraljevskih prerogativa. Vjerujemo s to gada su nepovoljne aluzije na Jamesa ujedno i prvi primjeri n e gativnogodnosa prema kralju u engleskoj literaturi, a možda i urastalim evropskim literaturama. Pokušat ćemo prikazati povijesnodruštvenirazvitak do događaja koji su možda uvjetovali da dođedo takvih pojava u engleskoj drami ranoga 17. stoljeća.
Giobertijev pojam lijepoga u kritici Antonija Petrića
Authors: Festini Heda
Published: September 2018

Među nekadašnjim metafizički ili znanstveno-teorijski orijentiranim interpretacijama lijepoga, Petrićeva* 1 estetika pojavljuje se kao konglomerat nevjerojatnih kontradikcija, koji sadrži sve ro- mantičke promašaje svojega doba, ali pokazuje i iskonski napor da se prodre do bitka lijepoga. Razvijena u polemici s Giobertije- vom estetikom, Petrićeva je teorija imala prednost što se bila formirala u sklopu one struje koja je, od G. B. Vica, preko Giober- tija do Crocea, postavila temelje za jedan nadmetafizički pristup umjetnosti našeg vremena. Gledana u tom presjeku, Petrićeva teorija, razvijena na pozamašnom broju stranica glavnog djela La de- finizione del bello . . . (421 strana) i isto tako opsežnom odgovoru talijanskomu kritičaru S. Cundariju (dva sveska, ukupno 618 strana), zaprema interesantno mjesto u historiji filozofije, a posebno hrvatske.
Stress rapidly suppresses in vivo LH pulses and increases activation of RFRP-3 neurons in male mice
Authors: Yang Jennifer A , Hughes Jessica K , Parra Ruby A , Volk Katrina M , Kauffman Alexander S
Published: September 2018

Restraint stress is a psychosocial stressor that suppresses reproductive status, including LH pulsatile secretion, but the neuroendocrine mechanisms underlying this inhibition remains unclear. Reproductive neural populations upstream of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons, such as kisspeptin, neurokinin B and RFRP-3 (GnIH) neurons, are possible targets for psychosocial stress to inhibit LH pulses, but this has not been well examined, especially in mice in which prior technical limitations prevented assessment ofin vivoLH pulse secretion dynamics. Here, we examined whether one-time acute restraint stress altersin vivoLH pulsatility and reproductive neural populations in male mice, and what the time-course is for such alterations. We found that endogenous LH pulses in castrated male mice are robustly and rapidly suppressed by one-time, acute restraint stress, with suppression observed as quickly as 12–18 min. This rapid LH suppression parallels with increasedin vivocorticosterone levels within 15 min of restraint stress. AlthoughKiss1,Tac2andRfrpgene expression in the hypothalamus did not significantly change after 90 or 180 min restraint stress, arcuateKiss1neural activation was significantly decreased after 180 min. Interestingly, hypothalamicRfrpneuronal activation was strongly increased at early times after restraint stress initiation, but was attenuated to levels lower than controls by 180 min of restraint stress. Thus, the male neuroendocrine reproductive axis is quite sensitive to short-term stress exposure, with significantly decreased pulsatile LH secretion and increased hypothalamicRfrpneuronal activation occurring rapidly, within minutes, and decreasedKiss1neuronal activation also occurring after longer stress durations.
Language Experience in the Second Year of Life and Language Outcomes in Late Childhood
Authors: Gilkerson Jill , Richards Jeffrey A. , Warren Steven F. , Oller D. Kimbrough , Russo Rosemary , Vohr Betty
Published: September 2018

OBJECTIVES:

Quantity of talk and interaction in the home during early childhood is correlated with socioeconomic status (SES) and can be used to predict early language and cognitive outcomes. We tested the effectiveness of automated early language environment estimates for children 2 to 36 months old to predict cognitive and language skills 10 years later and examined effects for specific developmental age periods.

METHODS:

Daylong audio recordings for 146 infants and toddlers were completed monthly for 6 months, and the total number of daily adult words and adult-child conversational turnswere automatically estimated with Language Environment Analysis software. Follow-up evaluations at 9 to 14 years of age included language and cognitive testing. Language exposure for 3 age groups was assessed: 2 to 17 months, 18 to 24 months, and ≥25 months. Pearson correlations and multiple linear regression analyses were conducted.

RESULTS:

Conversational turn counts at 18 to 24 months of age accounted for 14% to 27% of the variance in IQ, verbal comprehension, and receptive and/or expressive vocabulary scores 10 years later after controlling for SES. Adult word counts between 18 and 24 months were correlated with language outcomes but were considerably weakened after controlling for SES.

CONCLUSIONS:

These data support the hypothesis that early talk and interaction, particularly during the relatively narrow developmental window of 18 to 24 months of age, can be used to predict school-age language and cognitive outcomes. With these findings, we underscore the need for effective early intervention programs that support parents in creating an optimal early language learning environment in the home.
Impactos de las sequías en el sector agropecuario del Corredor Seco Centroamericano
Authors: Calvo-Solano Oscar David , Quesada-Hernández Luis Eduardo , Hidalgo Hugo , Gotlieb Yosef
Published: September 2018

Central America has suffered the impact of several extreme hydrometeorological events, among which drought stands out. This has had adverse effects of different kinds in the region known as the Central American Dry Corridor (CSC, in Spanish). The objective of this work was to describe the impacts that agriculture, livestock and economy of the CSC countries have suffered due to droughts: agricultural, hydrological and socioeconomic. A review of primary and secondary sources was carried out, such as scientific articles, press reports and studies reports from national and international institutions. The most recurrent impacts are at the level of basic grains and cattle, also due in part to the ENSO (El Niño-Southern Oscillation) phenomenon. Because the CSC is a region with high vulnerability to drought and other extreme hydrometeorological events, it is necessary to carry out an adequate characterization of the CSC taking as a baseline similar studies like this one, that orginate a discussion process for the design and implementation of strategies and anticipated public policies of adaptation and mitigation of the drought in the CSC and therefore, lead to improve the quality of life of its population.
Abonos verdes de leguminosas: integración en sistemas agrícolas y ganaderas del trópico
Authors: Castro-Rincón Edwin , Mojica-Rodríguez José Edwin , Corulla-Fornaguera Juan Evangelista , Lascano-Aguilar Carlos Eduardo
Published: September 2018

In dry areas dominated by dual purpose cattle systems, the production of milk decreases significantly in the dry season. An alternative to maintaining production in the dry season is through the use of annual crops (corn and sorghum) to silage. The objective of this literature review was to compile information on aspects associated with the technology of green legume fertilizers and how they could be integrated into different agricultural and livestock production systems in tropical zones. Whether for crop production, animal feed or for use as hay directly. The use of forage crops to be sustainable requires the application of N since it is one of the most limiting elements to produce forage biomass. The use of synthetic nitrogen fertilizers is limited by high costs, and they also have adverse effects, such as production and leaching of nitrates that contaminate groundwater with negative effects on human health and production of nitrous oxide, which is a potent greenhouse gas which has negative effects on global warming. An alternative to the use of chemical nitrogen is the use of N-fixing forage legumes as green fertilizers to supply the N required by forage crops, but the adoption of green manures in livestock systems is very low, possibly since the benefits obtained with their use are not reflected directly in milk production at critical times of the year, which is important for producers. It is necessary to select N-fixing legumes with high biomass production and drought tolerance and demonstrate that these legumes have positive effects directly in the dry season.
Selección cualitativa del esqueje en la sobrevivencia y desarrollo morfogenético de Vanilla planifolia Andrews
Authors: Azofeifa-Bolaños José Bernal , Rivera-Coto German , Paniagua-Vásquez Amelia , Cordero-Solórzano Roberto
Published: September 2018

In Costa Rica, an urgent ex situ national conservation program for V. planifolia is needed due to the rarity, high risk of extinction in the wild and the economic importance; that places it, as the most profitable orchid worldwide. Due to the lack of research about wild species conservation and the importance to evaluate the agronomic performance of the wild-type relatives, as a strategy to increase the reduced genetic variability, the aim of this research was to evaluate the acclimatization capacity and morphogenetic performance of wild V. planifolia under nursery conditions. The effect of two treatments 1) qualitatively selected cuttings according to their phytosanitary quality, mechanical damage and vigorousness and 2) cuttings without selection, were evaluated. Some growth variables were evaluated: survival rate, weight, length, number of nodes of the new and original shoot; number and weight of the roots The survival of the selected cuttings was greater (60%) than those that were not (45%). The morphogenetic responses of the selected explants were statistically significant for all variables evaluated. This is the first time that an initial process of acclimatization and morphogenetic performance with a known genotype individual of V. planifolia, is reported under greenhouse condition, in Costa Rica. Therefore, it is the first attempt to the ex situ conservation of the species as a part of an integrated program focus on the in situ conservation in a systematic and sustainable way, as well as, the first values of the vigorousness to some growth variables out of natural conditions.
Efecto de la composición racial sobre la calidad espermática de verracos
Authors: Valverde-Abarca Anthony , Madrigal-Valverde Mónica , Camacho-Calvo Marlen , Zambrana-Jiménez Adones , López Leonardo
Published: September 2018

The assessment of the semen quality is an essential tool to improve the reproductive indexes in swine farms. The motility is the most important parameter that used in the sperm quality evaluation because it is associated with the energy of the spermatozoon. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of breed composition on reproductive variables of sperm quality, kinetics and semen motility in boars. During 2016, 240 ejaculates were collected from 63 boars with a mean age of 24.4±10.9 months. Six racial groups were identified: Duroc (D), Yorkshire (Y), Landrace (L), F1 Pietrain*Duroc (PD) and two genetic lines (LA and LB). The breeds with the highest ejaculate volume presented a higher total number of spermatozoa (P<0.05). The effect of the breed was significant (P<0.05) on sperm kinetics variables except for amplitude of lateral head displacement (ALH, μm). The Landrace breed presented the highest (P<0.05) percentage of static sperm (29.30±1.57). The most relevant differences (P<0.05) for total motility (MTOT) and progressive motility (MP), were presented between L and PD with values of 70.71±1.57; 77.48±1.09 and 51.80±1.97; 59.85±1.37% respectively. Adult boars (≥18 months) had higher volumes of ejaculate and total number of sperm than boars in the intermediate and young ages, however, for velocities (μm/s): curvilinear (VCL), straight line (VSL) and average path (VAP), adult boars only were different (P<0.05) of the boars in-between ages. Four sperm subpopulations (SP) were identified, SP1 (46.83%) characterized by a moderate speed, but of very progressive motility, SP2 (14.78%) with active movement, but not progressive, SP3 (8.45%) with low speeds and progressive path and SP4 (29.94%) with quick movement, but without progressivity.
Caracterización química de nuevas variedades de Cenchrus purpureus tolerantes a la sequía
Authors: Ledea-Rodríguez José Leonardo , Verdecia-Acosta Dani , La-O-León Orestes , Ray-Ramírez Jorge Valentín , Reyes-Pérez Juan José , Murillo-Amador Bernardo
Published: September 2018

Climate change has modified the behavior of climate variables, for this reason, pastures manifest a seasonal productive behavior, where the deposition of structural carbohydrates is modified and in some cases the absorption of minerals. The objective of this study was to characterize, in varieties of Cenchrus purpureus tolerant to drought, the chemical composition of leaves and stems at different ages of regrowth in conditions of intense seasonal drought. The experimental period covered the years 2013 to 2015, in the Experimental Station of Pastures and Forages of the Institute of Agricultural Research “Jorge Dimitrov”. In a completely randomized design with the factorial arrangement was used, and the dynamics of the chemical composition of leaves and stems of new varieties of C. purpureus were characterized, in different ages of regrowth and different climatic periods (rainy and not very rainy), and their combination (4 x 3 x 2). The interaction age of regrowth with climatic station affected the chemical composition of the leaves (p≤0.001), altering the content of cellulose (Cel), hemicellulose (Hcel), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), cellular content (CC), calcium (Ca) and silica (Si), while in the stems this interaction only affected the concentration of ADF. The isolated effect of the climatic season modified in leaves (p≤0.01) the content of phosphorus (P) and lignin (Lig), it stems the P content (p≤0.001). When the regrowth age varied, there was a modification of the chemical composition of the leaves (crude protein and Lig) and stems (crude protein). The new varieties of C. purpureus under conditions of degradation and intense seasonal drought showed a pattern of chemical behavior similar to that of tropical grasses, but with low contents of protein and phosphorus.
Professional societies and African American engineering leaders: Paving pathways and empowering legacies
Authors: Grant Christine S. , Peeples Tonya , Madsen Lynnette D.
Published: September 2018

Diversity and inclusion in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields is a global issue. The challenging issues facing the world relating to STEM diversity cross national borders and require leveraging the talents of diverse constituents.1Active international efforts at inclusive talent development are being undertaken to empower persons from groups historically underrepresented in STEM communities.2,3The US National Action Council for Minorities in Engineering (NACME) reports that in the United States, African Americans are one of the most underrepresented minority groups in engineering relative to their population. This is in spite of a great deal of progress in “growing African American scientists, engineers, and technologists since the Howard University School of Engineering opened in 1910.”4The number of African Americans in engineering at all degree levels is not representative of their percentage in the US population. Table I shows a sampling of 2016 data from a National Science Foundation (NSF) survey of doctoral recipients in engineering.5Figure 1 illustrates a snapshot of African American representation in US colleges of engineering. These statistics show that African Americans remain underrepresented relative to US demographics.6–8
Krytyka i propozycje rozszerzenia ontycznych podstaw odpowiedzialności Romana Ingardena
Authors: Petryszak Karol
Published: September 2018

W pracy zostały wskazane braki w koncepcji odpowiedzialności Romana Ingardena. Wykazano również bezzasadność kilku założeń, które Ingarden poczynił. W miejsce odrzuconych elementów analizy zaproponowano uzupełnienie, które wpisuje się w pweien sposób w dalszą myśl Ingardena. Jedną z propozycji jest próba wprowadzenia ontycznie podstawowej kategorii "odpowiedzialności fundamentalnej".
How Do the Accrual Pattern and Follow-Up Duration Affect the Hazard Ratio Estimate When the Proportional Hazards Assumption Is Violated?
Authors: Horiguchi Miki , Hassett Michael J. , Uno Hajime
Published: September 2018

In randomized clinical trials, the magnitude of the treatment effect is often reported using the hazard ratio (HR) even when the proportional hazards (PH) assumption is not met. Conducting numerical studies, this commentary illustrates how/why the HR estimate via the standard Cox's procedure is difficult to interpret even as an “average” treatment effect for non-PH cases.
Supraglottic airway devices as conduits for unassisted tracheal intubation: a network meta-analysis v1
Authors: Ahn EunJin , Choi GeunJoo , Kang Hyun , Baek ChongWha , Jung YongHun , Woo YoungCheol , Bang SiRa
Published: September 2018

We aimed to compare the effectiveness of supraglottic airway devices as a conduit for unassisted tracheal intubation. We searched OVID-MEDLINE, EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, KoreaMed, and Google Scholar databases to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of supraglottic airway devices as a conduit of tracheal intubation published until May 2017. The primary outcome was the overall success rate of intubation by the intention to treat (ITT) strategy. Secondary outcomes of the study were the overall success rate of tracheal intubation by the per protocol (PP) strategy, and the success rate of tracheal intubation at first attempt by ITT and PP. We conducted a network meta-analysis with a mixed-treatment comparison method to combine direct and indirect comparisons among supraglottic airway devices. Of 1396 identified references, 16 RCTs (2014 patients) evaluated unassisted intubation with supraglottic airway devices. Patients were allocated to LMA-CTrach, LMA-Fastrach, Air-Q, i-gel, CobraPLA, Aura-I or single-use LMA devices. Based on the surface under the cumulative ranking curve, the three best supraglottic airway devices for use as a conduit of unassisted tracheal intubation are LMA-CTrach(which includes video assisted tracheal tube guidance), single-use LMA-Fastrach, and LMA-Fastrach. LMA-Fastrach showed higher success rate of intubation compared with i-gel, CobraPLA, Air-Q and Ambu-Aura (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.73; RR 0.18, 95% CI 0.048 to 0.67; RR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13 to 0.84; RR 0.075, 95% CI 0.011 to 0.50, respectively). However, the number of eligible RCTs was small which is a limitation of our study. Therefore, well-designed randomized trials performed in large patient populations are required in order to increase the confidence of the results
The Association between Workplace Violence and Physicians' and Nurses' Job Satisfaction in Macau v1
Authors: Cheung Teris , H. Lee Paul , S.F. Yip Paul
Published: September 2018

Abstract Background This paper describes the association between workplace violence and job satisfaction among physicians and nurses in Macau. It further examines the risk factors for intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction among these professionals. Methods Convenience sampling was sourced from six health centers supervised by the Macau Health Bureau, namely, the Coloane Health Center, Coloane Shek Pai Wan Temporary Health Center, Taipa Elderly Macau University of Science and Technology Hospital, Macau Sino-Portuguese Nurses Association, Macau Association of Medical Volunteers and the Macau Surgical Association. Design: This study uses a cross-sectional self-administrative survey. Instruments: The study used case studies research instruments for workplace violence in the health sector by country (from the ILO, ICN, WHO, PSI) and the Minnesota Satisfaction Questionnaire and Perceived Stress Scale. The data collection period spanned from August to December, 2014. Data analysis: Multiple logistic regression examines levels of intrinsic and extrinsic satisfaction in physicians and nurses and significant correlates affecting their job satisfaction. Results A total of 720 (14.9% physicians) participants were recruited. Worry about WPV, on-call duty and shift work, experience of bullying and verbal abuse and employment sector emerged as significant correlates affecting the intrinsic and extrinsic job satisfaction of physicians and nurses. Working on the frontline, being aged 30 to 39, coming from an ethnic minority, and perceived stress were significant correlates affecting nurses’ job satisfaction. Conclusions WPV remains a significant concern in healthcare settings in Macau. Healthcare professionals should deploy protective strategies to combat the negative psychological effects of WPV. Stakeholders should legally enforce a zero-tolerance policy towards WPV within healthcare workplaces. The perpetrators of WPV should be told that violence will be deemed a violation of human rights and not tolerated, not least on account of how WPV is detrimental to healthcare professionals’ mental wellbeing, risking irreversible physical and psychological harm for its victims. Keywords: Workplace Violence, Physicians, Nurses, Job satisfaction, Occupational health, Macau
Mitos e equívocos sobre a participação do senado no controle de constitucionalidade
Authors: Carvalho Leite Fábio
Published: September 2018

A história da participação do Senado no controle de constitucionalidade brasileiro que é contada e reproduzida pela doutrina constitucionalista brasileira carece de dados empíricos e baseia-se mais em impressões e preconceitos do que em fatos e números. Como consequência, há uma série de equívocos que são reproduzidos em livros e artigos sobre o tema. O presente trabalho, fruto do levantamento de todas as resoluções suspensivas já editadas pelo Senado até o ano de 2016, pretende, a partir desses dados e da análise de decisões do STF e de anais do Senado Federal, demonstrar equívocos cometidos e mitos construídos a respeito da atuação do Senado no controle de constitucionalidade.
Hermenêutica descolonial: descortinando o esgotamento do discurso jurídico-político liberal
Authors: Gonçalves Daniel Diniz , Tárrega Maria Cristina Vidotte Blanco
Published: September 2018

O presente estudo articula uma análise hermenêutica crítica do constitucionalismo da modernidade e seus evidentes esgotamentos. Este ensaio analisaa questão da legitimação do direito e justificação de existência do Estado dentro da Modernidade Liberal, analisando os conceitos "universais" basilares de que a mesma se serve para construir sua base de legitimação, tais como democracia, povo e poder constituinte. A metodologia utilizada contempla método dialético e materialismo histórico, com a desconstrução hermenêutica dos conceitos "universais", devido à negação e exclusão sistemática de contextos de realidade que os mesmos promovem. Na sequência, leva-se a cabo a reconstrução hermenêutica dos conceitos de povo e democracia, atentando justamente para as realidades que o sistema liberal excluiu e negou.
Autolimitação administrativa e segurança jurídica
Authors: Heinen Juliano
Published: September 2018

O presente artigo aborda os mecanismos jurídico de autolimitação administrativa, o qual tem por fundamento a segurança das relações jurídicas. Primeiramente, foram expostas as bases dogmáticas da segurança jurídica, para, em momento posterior, tratar da autolimitação administrativa, definindo-se, pois, os seus elementos dogmáticos. Concluiu-se que isto se mostra importante para se fixar critérios objetivos na aplicabilidade do mencionado instituto.
Taxonomía de las funciones administrativas y las habilidades del líder empresarial
Authors: González Díaz Jaime Eduardo
Published: September 2018

Ever since Henry Fayol proposed the administrative process, different theoretical proposals have appeared exceeds what must include the work of a manager. From the comparative evaluation of some of these proposals, the functions of the manager and the abilities of the leader can be identified that appear with more frequency. In an initial analysis are the models focused in the functions of the administrator or manager; from this perspective the main functions are: the interpersonal roll of the manager, its roll like spokesman, taker of decisions and planner. Later, the models based on the abilities of the leader are taken into account; from they are possible here to be identified: the interpersonal ability, the handling of the change, the ability to motivate and of handling of equipment.
Impuestos al valor agregado (IVA) exento. Tratamiento fiscal y contable en la hotelería colombiana
Authors: Peña Sánchez Alcides , Pérez Vergara Juan
Published: September 2018

This article highlights the importance for companies that in the development of its objects are active taxable, exempt and excluded, can handle properly, that is to say attached to the accounting and tax rules, the apportionment of value added tax. Errors in this topic can generate lack of deductions, or in the worst case scenario, sanctions for inaccuracies.
Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) awareness among young women of central India
Authors: Patel Jaya , Rai Shailesh
Published: September 2018

Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) associated with multiple presentation in females although it is common disorder but due to lack of knowledge females often delays in getting confirm diagnosis and treatment. PCOS remains a syndrome and as such no single diagnostic criterion is sufficient for clinical diagnosis. Objective: To assess the knowledge about PCOS in young women.Methods: Cross sectional study was performed on 400 women of age group 18-30 years either studying in Colleges or working in Indore city. Written informed consent was obtained and simple random technique was applied for selection of study participants. Pre-designed, pre-tested, semi-structured questionnaire was used for data collection. The data collected were analyzed through percentages and frequencies using Excel. Relevant statistical test was applied was applied and p value was calculated where ever required and considered statistically significant when it is <0.05.Results: Among 400 participants, only 41% of the women were aware of the term PCOS. 46% of the subjects who were aware about the organ system involved in this disease. Most of the people know about this disorder through friends or relatives. 49% of the women knew about the various signs and symptoms associated with PCOS.Conclusions: The results of present study show that very few of the young women understand what this disease is and what are the earliest symptoms that should alarm them to consult a physician.  Discussion with the girls in college authors came to know that most of the people are considering menstrual pain and irregularities as a part of their physiological process and do not consider consulting a doctor.
Evidence for predictive markers of platinum effectiveness in ovarian carcinoma by microarray-based comparative genomic hybridization
Authors: Weimer Jörg , F Rohwer , N Hedemann , MB Stope , A Mustea , F Hilpert , DO Bauerschlag , N Maass , N Arnold
Published: September 2018

Purpose: Seventy percent of all ovarian cancer (OvCa) diseases are diagnosed at an advanced stage due to poor screening methods. In general, the therapy consists of cyto-reductive surgery followed by first line platinum based chemo therapy, which frequently leads to a long-term response. A resistance against platinum therapy was detected in some cases by refractory recurrence within six months after the last donation. Identifying a marker predicting platinum effectiveness could be of great benefit for affected patients.Patients and methods: In this study we propose cyto-genetic procedures identifying markers of platinum resistance. Fresh tumor material was obtained from nine OvCa patients. After the last platinum-based chemotherapy, five patients had refractory recurrence within six month. DNA was isolated from tumor tissues for array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) analysis. Ten cultured metaphases per case were analyzed by spectral karyotyping (SKY) to detect repeated chromosome rearrangements. The obtained genomic data were correlated to the patients’ clinical follow-up data.Results: Eight chromosome aberrations correlated with recurrence later than six months were detected in tumors by SKY. Further seven chromosome aberrations correlated with a refractory recurrence. Non refractory tumors more frequently showed losses in 19q13.31-q13.42 by aCGH. Tumors with refractory recurrence more frequently showed gains in 17q21.32-17q24.3 and losses in 14q11.2, 9p22-p21.1, and 1p22.3-p22.1. OvCa showed separating cyto-genetic changes differentiated in platinum-refractory and non-refractory cases.Conclusion: Our results suggest that aCGH is the most suitable strategy for this, due to a significantly higher resolution. The loss in 19q13 correlated with better prognosis in OvCa
First report of Vulvovaginitis due to Cryptococcus magnus in Iran
Authors: Ghajari Ali , Lotfali Ensieh , Norouzi Maryam , Arab-Mazar Zahra
Published: September 2018

Background and Purpose: Cryptococcus. magnus is a non-Cryptococcus neoformans species isolated from certain plants, soil, air, and arctic glaciers.
Case report: This report describes a case of a 23-year-old Iranian female with pruritus and vaginal irritation. Conventional tests and molecular analysis of the samples of vaginal discharge were performed. The mentioned analyses revealed Cryptococcus magnus as the causative agent of vaginal infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration analysis revealed that this species is susceptible to itraconazole, fluconazole, ketoconazole, and amphotericin B. The patient received 200 mg of oral ketoconazole once daily for 10 days. The patient did not show any clinical signs of vaginal infection after six months.
Conclusion: C. magnus was found to have the ability to cause vulvovaginitis. This is the first report of successful detection and treatment of vulvovaginal infection with C. magnus.
Anadolu Lisesi Öğretmenlerinin Tükenmişlik Düzeylerinin Çeşitli Değişkenlerle İlişkisi
Authors: Kıral Bilgen
Published: September 2018

Araştırma Anadolu Lisesi öğretmenlerinin mesleki tükenmişlik düzeylerinin çeşitli değişkenlerle ilişkisini ortaya çıkarmak amacıyla yapılmıştır. Çalışma 2016-2017 akademik yılında Aydın ilinde 294 gönüllü Anadolu Lisesi öğretmeni ile yürütülmüştür. Araştırma nicel araştırma yöntemlerinden ilişkisel tarama modelinde desenlenmiştir. Araştırmada Ergin (1992) tarafından Türkçe’ye uyarlanan Maslach Tükenmişlik Envanteri kullanılmıştır. Araştırma verileri okullara gidilerek toplanmıştır. Toplanan veriler SPSS paket programı ile analiz edilmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda öğretmenlerin en çok duygusal tükenme yaşadığı tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlerin cinsiyetine, medeni durumuna ve çalışılan okuldaki hizmet yılına göre tükenmişlik düzeylerinde anlamlı bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Araştırmada yaş, branş, kıdem, öğrenim durumu ve mesleğini severek yapma durumu tükenmişliği etkileyen değişkenler olarak tespit edilmiştir. Öğretmenlere tükenmişlikle başetme stratejileri hakkında destek faaliyetleri yürütülerek öğretmenlerin psikolojik anlamda rahatlamalarına yardımcı olma gibi önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
Inorganic nitrogen absorption in the aquaponics farming of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) at uneven retention periods
Authors: Zahidah Zahidah , Andriani Yuli , Dhahiyat Yayat , Nurruhwati Isni , Sahidin Asep , Hamdani Herman , Victoria Stephanie Marcelia
Published: September 2018

AbstractAquaponics is new aquaculture integrating the technology of fishes and plants due to less availability of land. This study aimed to determine the optimum retention period in the aquaponics farming of sangkuriang catfish (Clarias gariepinus) integrated with water spinach (Ipomoea reptan) to generate the water to support the catfish production. This study conducted in 40 days between May to June 2016 at Ciparanje Fish Hatchery Laboratory, Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Universitas Padjadjaran. The design of this study was completely randomized, with five treatments and three replications. The treatments retention periods were 5, 10, 15, 20 minutes, and control (no water flow). The study showed that the retention period affected water spinach’s inorganic nutrient absorption in sangkuriang catfish farm. The 15 minutes retention period gave the most desirable result, with a flow of 0.072 L/s that reduced 58.83% of nitrate, and 33.32% of ammonia has been produced by fish farming activities. The highest specific growth rate of the sangkuriang catfish obtained in 15 minute retention period of 4.01 % Keywords: aquaponics, sangkuriang catfish, water spinach, retention periods  AbstrakAkuaponik adalah teknologi akuakultur baru yang mengintegrasikan ikan dan tanaman karena ketersediaan lahan yang semakin rendah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan periode retensi optimum pada budidaya akuaponik ikan lele sangkuriang (Clarias gariepinus) yang terintegrasi dengan kangkung air (Ipomoea reptan) untuk menghasilkan air yang mendukung produksi lele. Penelitian ini dilakukan selama 40 hari di Laboratorium Budidaya  Ikan Ciparanje, Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Padjadjaran. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap, dengan lima perlakuan dan tiga kali ulangan. Perlakuan berupa periode retensi 5, 10, 15, 20 menit, dan kontrol (tidak ada aliran air). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa periode retensi memengaruhi penyerapan nutrisi anorganik oleh bayam air dalam budidaya ikan lele sangkuriang. Periode retensi 15 menit memberikan hasil yang paling baik,  dengan aliran 0,072 L/s mengurangi 58,83% nitrat, dan 33,32% amonia dalam media budidaya ikan. Laju pertumbuhan spesifik ikan lele sangkuriangtertinggi diperoleh pada perlakuan waktu retensi 15 menit, yaitu sebesar 4,01%.  Kata kunci: akuaponik, ikan lele sangkuriang, kangkung darat, waktu retensi