bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Pseudo-oktaedrische Kobalt(II)- und Nickel(II)-Komplexe mit Guajakol, Vanillin und Isovanillin als Chelatliganden / Pseudo Octahedral Cobalt(II) and Nickel (II) Complexes with Guajacole, Vanilline and Isovanilline as Chelate Ligands
Authors: Biedermann Hans G. , Schwarzhans Karl E.
Published: February 2015

Cobalt (II) and Nickel (II) complexes of guajacole, vanilline and isovanilline were prepared. The coordinated ligand atoms were determined by IR- and NMR-spectroscopy. Spin densities indicating reactive ligand sites to which radicals can be attached were determined by NMR-spectroscopy.
Zur Kenntnis der Phasen CaLiSi2 und CaLiGe2
Authors: Müller Wiking , Schäfer Herbert , Weiss Armin
Published: February 2015

The isotypic phases CaLiSi2 and CaLiGe2 have been prepared and investigated crystallographically. The silicon- resp. germanium atoms forms of infinite plane zig-zag-chains. The relations to the hitherto investigated ternary calcium lithium silicides and germanides as well as to CaSi and CaGe are discussed.
Niedrigschmelzende p-Alkyl-p′-alkoxy- und p-Alkylp′ -acyloxy-azobenzole / Low melting p-alkyl-p′-alkoxy- and p-alkyl-p′-acyloxy-azobenzenes
Authors: Steinsträsser Ralf , Pohl Ludwig
Published: February 2015

More than 30 new unsymmetric disubstituted, enantiotropic nematic azobenzenes are described. In contrast to the high melting symmetric disubstituted liquid crystalline azobenzenes they partly have melting points only a little bit higher than room-temperature and nematic ranges of up to 34 °C. They represent an interesting new class of nematic liquid crystals.
Augenfarbmutationen bei der Stechmücke Culex pipiens L. — ihre chemische und genetische Ursache / Genetics and Chemistry of Eye Colour Mutations of the Mosquito Culex pipiens L.
Authors: Dennhöfer Ulrich
Published: February 2015

Investigations were made at the wild type and three eye colour mutants of the mosquito Culex pipiens L. The mutants are: “rot” (“r”, red eyes, sex linked, recessive), “weiss” (“w”, white eyes, sex linked, recessive), “ruby” (“ru” dark-red eyes, autosomal, recessive). By mendelian crossings, it could be shown, that “weiss” is epistatic over “ruby” and “rot”, “rot” is epistatic over “ruby”. “rot” and “weiss” are cell-autonomous mutants. In the wild type, two main substances could be identified. One seems to be an ommochrome, the other one a pterin (sepiapterin 1). The most important component is the ommochrome.

In the eyes of “rot” animals the same two main substances could be identified, but there are obviously quantitative differences. More ommochrome and less pterin is formed.

In the eyes of “weiss” animals no colour substances or their precursors could be detected.

Only the eye pigments of the mutant “ruby” of Culex seem to be analogous to the mutant “brown” of Drosophila, both showing the same paperchromatographical pattern and the same spectrophotometric behaviour.
Putrescine and Spermidine Changes in Heat-synchronized Tetrahymena Populations
Authors: Holm Boris , Heby Olle
Published: February 2015

Putrescine and spermidine were the dominant polyamines in Tetrahymena cells. Spermine was present only in very small amounts. Changes in the amount of putrescine during and after the synchronizing heat treatment followed a definite quantitative pattern. Changes in the amount of spermidine were similar, though not so pronounced.

The changes may be due to a varied influx of polyamines into the cells. Moreover, the exchange of polyamines between the cells and the culture medium must be specifically regulated since there seems to be a relatively greater accumulation of spermidine than of putrescine in the cells, and since spermine was almost excluded from the cells.
Darstellung und Eigenschaften von 1.3.2-Dioxaborolandionen-(4.5) / Preparation and Properties of 1,3,2-Dioxaborolanediones-(4,5)
Authors: Paetzold Peter I. , Scheibitz Wolfgang , Scholl Ernst
Published: February 2015

2-Organo-1,3,2-dioxaborolanediones- (4,5) RBC2O4 (R = CH3, C2H5, C6H5, C6F5) are formed from anhydrous oxalic acid and dihalogeno-organo-boranes. The five-membered ring-compounds are strong Lewis acids. The thermal degradation yields CO, CO2, and organoboroxines (RBO)3.
Übergangsmetall-π-Komplexe des Tetramethoxyäthylens / Transition Metal π-Complexes of Tetramethoxyethylene
Authors: Herberhold Max , Brabetz Hartmut
Published: February 2015

The tetramethoxyethylene (TME) complexes, Fe (CO)4 (TME) and C5H5Mn (CO)2 (TME), have been prepared in which the olefin is symmetrically coordinated. The IR spectra indicate that TME possesses considerable acceptor properties.
Über den Mechanismus der Bildung von Polyanionen in wäßriger Lösung. Der Kondensationsmechanismus bei der Bildung des Hexawolframations [W6O19 (OH)3]5⊖ (Parawolframat-A) / On the Mechanism for Polyanion Formation in Aqueous Solution. The Condensation Mechanism for the Formation of the Hexatungstate Ion W6O19 (OH)3]5⊖ (Paratungstate A)
Authors: Tytko Karl-Heinz , Glemser Oskar
Published: February 2015

A reaction mechanism for the formation of the paratungstate A ion “HW6O21
5⊖” is developed. Because of geometric reasons and in consideration of the formerly ί1 stated criterion for stable polytungstates the stepwise aggregation to a hexatungstate ion can proceed only via the tetratungstate ion and - in conformity with the lower rate of formation of the ion - only under condensation of water. Decisive to the way of the aggregation according to this mechanism are therefore the number and the positions of the Η-atoms in the growing polytungstate ion as well as the degree of protonation of the monomer tungstate ion. The rules which are obeyed are deduced. The end of the aggregation with a 7,6-tungstate ion results from a consideration of the free energies of reaction for the formation of the polytungstate ions as they are possible according to these rules. For this it is supposed, that ΔGrr is composed of increments for the characteristic reaction and structure parameters. The correct formula for the paratungstate A ion is [W6O19 (OH)3]5⊖. One of the two structures discussed for this ion is in close relation to that of the heptamolybdate ion Μο7O24
6⊖ which is formed under similar conditions.
Über Reaktionen organischer Radikale mit Palladium- und Platinkomplexen / Reactions of Organic Radicals with Palladium and Platinum Complexes
Authors: Beck W. , Schorpp K. , Stetter K. H.
Published: February 2015

Preparation, IR- and EPR-spectra of paramagnetic dichloro-porphyrexid-palladium(II) from porphyrexid and sodium-tetrachloropalladate are reported.

The reaction of organic radicals with tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) platinum (O) provides a new type of oxydative addition. Treatment of Pt (PPh3)4 with 1,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl yielded diphenylamido-2,4,6-trinitrophenyl-bis (triphenylphosphine) platinum (II). Dibenzoylperoxide yielded cis-dibenzoato-bis (triphenylphosphine) platinum (II), whereas with diaryl- and dialkylnitrogenoxide and tetraarylhydrazine no reaction was observed.
Solvolyse und Phosphorylierungrseaktionen von Polyphosphorsäureestern / Solvolysis and Phosphorylating Activity of Polyphosphate Esters
Authors: Berger Hans
Published: February 2015

Reaction rates of the ethanolysis and hydrolysis of the phenyl- and methylpolyphosphate-esters and of tetraphenylpyrophosphate were measured by potentiometric titration methods. Exceptionally high rate constants were obtained for the solvolysis of these compounds, some reactions occurring with half-times of less than 10 seconds. The phosphorylating activity of the phenylpolyphosphateester on polyfunctional nucleophilic compounds (SN2P-reaction) was tested and shown to exceed the activity of the conventional agent diphenylphosphoro-chloridate considerably. The catalytic effects of dimethylformamide were measured under several conditions and were shown to be complex solvent phenomena rather than conventional catalysis. The reactivity of the polyphosphate-esters is discussed with respect to their structure as well as the reactivity of P -O -P-bonds as a function of their ligands.
9. Structure - Juvenile Activity Relationships in simple Peptides
Authors: Poduška Karel , Šorm František , Sláma Karel
Published: February 2015

Systematic alterations of the central amino acid in the peptidic juvenile hormone analogues consisting of three parts connected by amidic bonds tert.-butyloxycarbonyl group - amino acid - p-aminobenzoic acid ethylester) have revealed that the hormonal activity is dependent on the L-configuration of the central amino acids. The compounds exhibit specific activity on insects of the family Pyrrhocoridae, being inactive on several other insects tested.
Bindungseigenschaften der Gruppen —SO— und —SeO— in Thionyl- bzw. Seleninylverbindungen / Bond Properties of the Groups — SO — and — SeO — in Thionyl resp. Seleninyl Compounds
Authors: Steudel Ralf
Published: February 2015

Linear relationships have been established between valence force constants f (SO) in thionyl compounds X-SO-Y resp. f (SeO) in seleninyl compounds X-SeO-Y and the sum of the electronegativities of the substituents X and Y. Group electronegativities have been obtained for several substituents. It is now possible to calculate f (SO) resp. f (SeO) and related quantities (bond order, bond length) for unknown thionyl and seleninyl compounds. A participation of d orbitals of the substituents in the links to the SO resp. SeO groups has been proved for certain thionyl and seleninyl compounds.
A New Equation for Microbial Growth
Authors: Srivastava R. C. , Avasthi P. K.
Published: February 2015

A new equation for microbial growth has been proposed and its implications discussed. The proposed equation has a distinct advantage over Bertalanffy’s in being an explicit relationship between growth parameter and time. Attempt has been made to read the proposed equation in the light of Hinshelwood’s auto-synthetic model. The constants occurring in the proposed equation have been shown to be intimately related to the kinetic constants in the Hinshelwood’s model.
Zusammenhang zwischen Transhydrogenase- und Diaphorase-Aktivität der Ferredoxin-NADP-Reduktase und der photosynthetischen NADP-Reduktion / Relationship of Transhydrogenase and Diaphorase Activity of Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase with Photosynthetic NADP Reduction
Authors: Böger Peter
Published: February 2015

Photosynthetic NADP reduction, diaphorase and transhydrogenase activity of ferredoxin-NADP reductase (EC 1.6.99.4 or 1.6.1.1, from the alga Bumilleriopsis filiformis) are compared by studying the influence of pyridine nucleotides and 2'-AMP. Together with previous findings dealing with the role of ferredoxin in the two latter activities 7 the results can be compiled as follows:

1. Ferredoxin-NADP reductase has two binding sites: one specific site for ferredoxin and one for pyridine nucleotides whether they are reduced or oxidized.

2. There is no substantial competition between ferredoxin and pyridine nucleotides for their respective binding sites.

3. Diaphorase substrates like dichlorophenolindophenol or methylviologen do not bind at the pyridine nucleotide site. It is suggested that they bind at the ferredoxin site. In vivo, therefore, the diaphorase site of the reductase is occupied by ferredoxin and represents the electron accepting part of the reductase.

4. During transhydrogenase reaction ferredoxin-NADP reductase is reduced by NADPH via the pyridine nucleotide binding site; during NADP reductase reaction the enzyme is reduced by ferredoxin at the ferredoxin site. In both reactions, however, NADP (and other nucleotides) are reduced at the same pyridine nucleotide binding site. Transhydrogenase activity, therefore, appears to be an artefact reaction, which can be found when the isolated reductase is no more reduced by its natural substrate ferredoxin.
Light Absorption in N-Acetonyl Quinolinium Iodide
Authors: Bhutra M. P. , Tandon S. P.
Published: February 2015

The absorption spectra of N-acetonyl quinolinium iodide in different solvents have been studied in the region 200 nm-1100 nm. Four bands have been observed in DMF, methanol, water and alkaline water. The bands have been assigned to different intramolecular transitions.
Untersuchungen über den Kaliumtransport in E. coli B
Authors: Zimmermann U. , Pilwat G.
Published: February 2015

An intracellular concentration of potassium in E. coli B 525 stationary for several hours is only attained by addition of the essential amino acids histidine and leucine, or ammonium chloride, to the incubation medium. The level of the stationary intracellular potassium concentration is dependent upon the concentration of these substances.

The two other combinations of the essential amino acids (leucine/methionine and histidine/methionine) and the single amino acids show no stabilization effect upon the internal stationary potassium level.

In the case of the wild type B 163, the instability of the stationary internal potassium concentration, and the corresponding effect of the above mentioned substances, is not so significant. Therefore the instability which is observed in the case of B 525 can be deduced from the mutation.
Über den Katabolismus von Hamamelose [2-C(Hydroxymethyl)-ᴰ-ribose] / On the Catabolism of Hamamelose [2-C-(hydroxymethyl)-ᴰ-ribose]
Authors: Thanbichler A. , Gilck H. , Beck E.
Published: February 2015

Free hamamelose [2-C- (hydroxymethyl) -ᴰ-ribose] occurs in almost all higher plants, but except a reduction to the corresponding sugar alcohol (hamamelitol) , no metabolism of this branched chain hexose could be detected in plants until now. Therefore we tried to find microorganisms which would allow us to study the catabolism of hamamelose. A strain of Pseudomonas (“H 1”), showing dependence between growth and hamamelose concentration in the medium (Fig. 1), was isolated from soil on which Primula clusiana was grown (this plant contains large amounts of hamamelose and hamamelitol). However, this organism needs citrate besides hamamelose for growth.

When “H 1” was incubated in a phosphate buffer containing only 14C-labelled hamamelose, hamamelonic acid was the sole radioactive product formed (Tables 2, 3, 4).

As no further degradation of hamamelonic acid by “H 1” could be detected, we conclude that this organism uses hamamelose as a hydrogen source only. Thus it becomes reasonable that “H 1” needs an additional carbon source (citrate) for growth.
Phosphatidylglycerin-Antiserum und seine Reaktionen mit Chloroplasten / Phosphatidyl glycerol Antiserum and its Reactions with Chloroplasts
Authors: Radunz Alfons
Published: February 2015

By immunisation of rabbits with stroma-freed chloroplasts and other preparations of the lamellar system, antibodies to phosphatidyl glycerol were formed. By injection of phosphatidyl glycerol, bound to methylated bovine serum albumin, the rabbits also reacted with the formation of antibodies to this phosphatide. The antiserum to phosphatidyl glycerol yielded no reactions with phosphatidyl choline and the glycolipids sulphoquinovosyl diglyceride and mono- and digalactosyl diglyceride, which are present in chloroplasts.

Stroma-freed chloroplasts from Antirrhinum majus and Nicotiana tabacum were not agglutinated by antisera to phosphatidyl glycerol. By means of the Coombs test, the “mixed-antigen-agglutination” and sateration experiments it was possible to demonstrate that antibodies to phosphatidyl glycerol are specifically adsorbed onto stroma-freed chloroplasts. After partial protein decomposition by proteases, stroma-freed chloroplasts were agglutinated. Fragments of the thylakoid membranes (ultrasonic supernatant) were precipitated only after partial protein decomposition and functioned in the Coombs test just like stroma-freed chloroplasts. However, fragments of the lamellar system (ultrasonic sediment) were directly agglutinated. Isolated chloroplasts in tris buffer-sucrose solution and in tris buffer-sodium chloride solution were equally agglutinated by antiserum to phosphatidyl glycerol.

From the experiments it is concluded that the antigen determinants of the phosphatidyl glycerol are located on the antibody-accessible surface of the thylakoids. The agglutination of stroma-freed chloroplasts was, however, sterically hindered by membrane proteins. In those cases in which chloroplast preparations were directly agglutinated, it is assumed that either thylakoids were disrupted or that they were swollen, resulting in a change in the protein layer of the membranes in such a way that no steric hindrance occurs.
Validity of a Linear Hammett Plot for the Stability of Some Carcinogenic 1-Aryl-3,3-dimethyltriazenes in an Aqueous System
Authors: Kolar G. F. , Preussmann R.
Published: February 2015

The stability of fourteen carcinogenic 1-aryl-3,3-dimethyltriazenes to hydrolysis in 0.15 ᴍ phosphate buffer, pH 7.0, at 37° was determined spectroscopically. The data gave an unexpectedly wide span of half-lives resulting in a linear Hammett plot with a reaction constant, ρ= -4.7. These results are in complete agreement with the currently accepted mechanisms of carcinogenic activity associated with this class of compounds. The rapid liberation of a diazonium cation from the labile triazenes (t½, less than 2 × 102 min) seems to be responsible for the induction of local tumours; however, an enzymic activation is necessary for the systemic carcinogenic activity of the compounds stable to hydrolysis (t½, more than 2 × 102 min). Convincing experimental evidence is thus provided for two different mechanisms of activity which are operative within a single class of chemical carcinogens.
Quantitative Untersuchungen über das Vorkommen von Vitamin B6 bei den drei Kasten der Honigbiene, Apis mellifera / Explorations on Quantity of Vitamine B6 in the three Castes of Honey-Bee Apis mellifera
Authors: Hanser Gisela
Published: February 2015

Royal jelly contains a three fold higher concentration of vitamin B6 than the larval food for workers or drones (♀ = 20,59 μg,♀= 7,34 μg, ♂ = 7,23 μg pro g freshweight). Similar differences in the B6-concentrations are also observed in the three bee castes at corresponding developmental stages. The relatively high vitamin B6 concentration in the young larvae of all three castes decreases in the course of larval development before the prepupal stage. A seasonal dependent change in the Be values is shown in the worker jelly by the increase from 3,78 μg/g freshweight in May to 8,45 μg/g freshweight in July/August. The similarity in the vitamin B6 content in the larval food and in the bees of same age indicates the identity of the drone and worker jellies. The hypopharyngeal and post-cerebral glands of queen rearing nurse bees contain more vitamin B6 than the corresponding glands of normal nurse bees of the same age.
Growth Rate Measurements in Gamma Irradiated Catfish
Authors: Roushdy H. M. , Imam A. E.
Published: February 2015

The effect of whole body gamma irradiation at the low exposure levels of 100, 200 and 400 r has been studied on the rate of growth of both juvenile and adult males and females of Clarias lazera. Irradiation causes, in general, significant retardation in rate of increase in length of growing fish. Such retardation is especially marked in adult females. Irradiation causes also diminution in the percentage increase in weight of adults especially the females. In juvenile fish, radiation exposure at the levels of 100 and 200 r accelerates the rate of increase in weight while the higher exposure level of 400 r results in a significant retardation. The exposure level of 100 r increases the ratio weight/length only in juveniles. Exposure levels of 200 and 400 r decrease such a ratio.

The results obtained are explained in correlation with the general knowledge of biological radiation syndrome and discussed in view of the relevant literature.
Über die Darstellung von Derivaten des S4N3Cl / The Preparation of S4N3Cl Derivatives
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Dietl Michael
Published: February 2015

S4N3Cl reacts with sulfonic acids and imido- bissulfonyl derivatives under HCl-evolution to the following compounds: S4N3SO3CF3, S4N3N (SO2F)2, S4NSO3CH3HSO3CH3, S4N3N (SO2CF3) SO2Cl and S4N3N (SO2CF3) SO2F, They are yellow solids which decompose when heated below the melting point. The compounds are formed in nearly quantitative yield and have been characterized by elemental analysis, nmr and electronic spectra.
Chemische Verschiebungen der 31P-Kernresonanz-Multipletts von Tetraphosphortrisulfid in einigen Lösungsmitteln / Chemical Shifts of the 31P-NMR-Multiplets of Tetraphosphorus Trisulfide in Some Solvents
Authors: Heckmann Gernot , Fluck Ekkehard
Published: February 2015

The N.M.R. spectrum of tetraphosphorus trisulfide was investigated in various solvents. The observed variations of the chemical shift of the P4S3 multiplets, which can be as large as 34.5 ppm, are caused mainly by dispersion interactions. Here the interaction of the directly bonded phosphorus atoms of the P4S3 molecule is as large as with dissolved white phosphorus. No variation of coupling constant JPSP with the various solvents could be observed; this coupling constant was found to be 71 ± 1 Hz. Further the solubility of P4S3 in some solvents is given.
Artspezifische Paarungsrufe bei Discoglossus pictus Otth, 1837 und Discoglossus sardus Tschudi, 1837 (Discoglossidae, Anura) / Species Specific Mating Calls in Discoglossus pictus Otth, 1837 and Discoglossus sardus Tschudi, 1837 (Discoglossidae, Anura)
Authors: Weber Ernst , Schneider Hans
Published: February 2015

In Discoglossus pictus as well as in Discoglossus sardus the mating calls are produced during inspiration and expiration. Accordingly, the mating calls consist of two pulse groups arranged in series. In both species the mating calls are specific. Their duration depends upon the temperature and the length of the animals.
An ESR Study of Mn(II) Complexes in Water-Methanol Mixed Solvents
Authors: Bard James R. , Wear James O.
Published: February 2015

0.01 ᴍ solutions of Mn (ClO4)2, MnCl2 and MnSO4 in water-methanol mixtures were studied at 25 °C to determine the effect of these anions and of solvent composition on the ESR intensity and linewidth of Mn(II). A significant feature of the data was the large difference between the intensity of Mn(ClO4)2 and that for MnCl2 and MnSO4 in solutions containing greater than about 0.5 mole fraction methanol. A plot of linewidth versus mole fraction methanol shows little difference between Mn(ClO4)2 and MnCl2 but an increasingly greater difference between these salts and MnSO4 with increasing methanol content. These results are interpreted as being due to first coordination sphere complex formation in solutions containing Cl⊖, while the SO4
2⊖ data are affected by both first and second coordination sphere complexes depending upon the solvent dielectric constant. The Mn(ClO4)2 data were interpreted as showing that the primary solvation sphere of the Mn(II) ions was changing as the composition of the bulk solvent changed. These results are compared with similar data in aqueous solution and confirm that complex formation involving Cl⊖ or SO4
2⊖ ions and Mn(II) is extensive in water-methanol mixtures.
Die Reaktionen chlorierter Äthylene mit hydratisierten Elektronen und OH-Radikalen in wäßriger Lösung / The Reaction of Chlorinated Ethylenes with Hydrated Electrons and OH-Radicals in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Köster R. , Asmus K.-D.
Published: February 2015

The reactions of chlorinated ethylenes with hydrated electrons and OH radicals have been investigated by using the method of pulse radiolysis. In addition γ-ray experiments were carried out. The reduction of the solutes occurs via a dissoziation electron capture process. The rate constant for the reaction of eaq
⊖ with the more chlorinated compounds is essentially diffusion controlled (k= (1 - 2×1010 l-mole-1 sec-1). Vinylchloride and 1,2-trans-dichloroethylene react more slowly. This can be related to the higher stability of the C-Cl bond in these compounds.

Hydroxyl radicals add to the C=C double bond of the chlorinated ethylenes. The rate constant for the reaction with vinylchloride was determined to 7.1 × 109 1 · mole-1 sec-1, and decreases with increasing degree of chlorination of the ethylenes. This effect is explained by the decreasing electron density on the C-atoms and steric hinderance. The hydroxyl radical always adds to the C-atom carrying the smallest number of Cl-atoms. In its reaction with 1,2-dichloro-, trichloro- and tetrachloroethylene a radical is produced with an OH group and a Cl-atom on the same C-atom. It eliminates HCl to form a C=O bond with k>7 × 105 sec-1. The

type radical produced in this reaction has an optical absorption in the near UV (ε265 nm = (1-3)×103 1 · mole-1 cm-1).

The OH radical addition products of vinylchloride and 1,1-dichloroethylene do not eliminate HCl and have no absorption in the visible and near UV.
EHT-Modellrechnungen an Pyrrol- bzw. Furan-dionen / EHT-modell Calculations at Pyrrole- and Furane-diones
Authors: Sterk Heinz , Kollenz Gert
Published: February 2015

EHT-modell calculations give an exact information concerning the tautomeric structures of pyrrole or fuane-2,3-diones. In connection with this, a method is presented, by which a phenylgroup is replaced by a three atom modell for the calculations.
Pulsradiolytische Untersuchung des Tropylium-Ions, des Tropylcarbinols und des Tropilidens in wäßriger Lösung / Pulse Radiolysis of the Tropylium-ion, Tropylcarbinol and Tropilidene in Aqueous Solution
Authors: Schöneshöfer M.
Published: February 2015

The tropylium-ion, C7H7⊕, is reduced by the H atom to yield the tropyl radical C7H7. C7H7 absorbs at 3150 Å with ε=2800 mole-1 l cm-1. The rate constant of the reaction C7H7
+ +H → C7H7 + H3O⨁ is (7 ± 2) 109 mole-1 l s-1. C7H7⨁ is also reduced by α-alcohol radicals but not by β-alcohol radicals.

Tropylcarbinol C7H7OH reacts with eaq
⊖ with k= (6 ± 2) 109 mole-1 l s-1. The product is non conducting and absorbs at 3150 Å with ε=4200 mole-1 l cm -1. This absorption is attributed to the hydroxycycloheptadienyl radical.
Morpholines-(IV)
Authors: Abdulla Riaz F. , Bannerji Alok N.
Published: February 2015

Cyclodehydrohalogenation-beta-Lactams-Morpholin-3-ones-H'-NMR Spectroscopy

N-Aryl-N-chloroacetyl-2-chlorophenacylamines (2) give morpholinones 3, or beta-lactams 4, depending upon the N-aryl-substituent. N-Phenyl-N- (2,3-dibromo-3-phenylpropionyl) -4-nitrophenacylamine did not undergo base-catalysed cyclization but gave, instead, the α,β-unsaturated, open-chain amide 5. N-Aryl-N-chloroacetyl-aminomethyl-2-naphthylketones afford only beta-lactams. The first attempt at the synthesis of a 2-chloro-3-oxo-morpholine resulted in the isolation of the 2-hydroxyderivative. The H1-NMR spectra of some more 3-oxo-morpholines have been recorded.
Phosphor- und Schwefelhydrazin-Verbindungen / Phosphorus- and Sulfurhydrazine-Compounds
Authors: Roesky Herbert W. , Petersen Olaf
Published: February 2015

Pyrosulfonyldifluoride reacts with waterfree hydrazine in a molar ratio of 2 : 3 to give hydrazine -1,2-bis(sulfonylfluoride) in a low yield.. The reaction of N-fluorosulfonylamide and SOCl2 yields NH4
⊕⊖ N(SO2F)2. This salt is converted to (C6H5)4P⊕⊖N(SO2F)2 in water by (C6H5)4PCl. (CH3)2NNH2 reacts with PSF3, PSF2Br, PSF2CH3 or PSF2C2H5 to yield the following compounds: (CH3)2NNHPSF2, (CH3)2NN (PSF2)2, (CH3)2NNHPSFCH3 and (CH3)2NNHPSFC2H5. The properties and the chemical behaviour of these substances are described. Results of ir-spectra, as well as 31P-, 19F- and 1H-nmr- and mass-spectra and elemental analysis characterize the compounds.
Acid-Soluble Deoxynucleotides and DNA Synthesis in Growing Yeast After X-Irradiation, I. Diphenylamine Positive Material in Synchronized and Asynchronously Growing Cells
Authors: Eckstein Hans
Published: February 2015

In synchronized growing yeast, the level of acid-soluble purine deoxynucleotides, as determined by the diphenylamine reaction, fluctuates rhythmically: A rapid increase each time before DNA starts to replicate is followed by a considerable decrease during DNA augmentation. Delay of DNA replication by irradiation of synchronized yeast with 50 kr of X-rays results in a stepwise augmentation of deoxyribose derivatives. The fluctuating behaviour is restored, when DNA starts to increase, again. During asynchronous growth acid-soluble deoxyribosidic compounds are augmented with a considerably increased rate, when DNA replication is delayed by X-rays. The resulting unusual pool seize is maintained, even if DNA replication is resumed to a normal degree, but the rate of further increase is reduced to normal values. Parts of the rapidly accumulated deoxyribosidic material differ with some properties from purine deoxynucleotides.
Effect of Irradiation on the Biosynthesis of Liver Ribonucleic acids in Intact and Adrenalectomized Rats
Authors: Popov P. G. , Valeva-Dimitrova L. I. , Hadjiolov A. A.
Published: February 2015

Intact and adrenalectomized rats were irradiated with 900 R or treated with 10 mg per 100 g body weight of hydrocortisone. The incorporation of orotic acid-6-14C for 2 hours into liver free uridine nucleotides, nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA and RNA fractions obtained by agar gel electrophoresis, were studied.

The obtained results show that in intact animals both irradiation and hydrocortisone induce a higher labelling of cytoplasmic and nuclear liver RNA. The higher labelling of RNA is not correlated with a higher labelling of the free uridine nucleotides. The labelling of all electrophoretic RNA fractions is increased to approximately the same extent under the action of either hydrocortisone or irradiation.

Irradiation or hydrocortisone treatment of adrenalectomized rats causes also a higher labelling of liver nuclear and cytoplasmic RNA. The higher labelling of RNA is not correlated with that of free uridine nucleotides and affects all electrophoretic RNA fractions.. The combined action of irradiation and hydrocortisone shows an additive effect on the labelling of nuclear and cytoplasmic liver RNA.

The obtained results indicate that whole body irradiation causes an increased synthesis of both ribosomal and non-ribosomal RNA’s of rat liver. Since the same effect is observed in intact and adrenalectomized animals it may be concluded that the stimulation of liver RNA synthesis by irradiation is not mediated by the adrenals.
Studies on the Secondary Structure of Intraphage T-7 DNA
Authors: Sinha R. K. , Misra D. N.
Published: February 2015

Secondary structure of intraphage DNA of coliphage T-7 was studied by spectrophotometry and electron microscopy. T-7 DNA in vivo showed 7% hyperchromicity, on the average, compared to DNA released by heating the phage 30 min at 55 - 60 °C. The intraphage DNA when melted by heating the phage for 13 min at 95° and then rapidly chilled, was found to be defficient in hyperchromic rise by about 10% compared to isolated T-7-DNA treated under similar conditions. Electron micrographs of T-7-DNA released by osmotic shock revealed that the incompletely released molecules showing a pattern possessed denatured regions in the form of single-stranded loops. Phenol extracted T-7-DNA molecules as well as T-7 genomes completely released by osmotic shock did not show any pattern and possessed no denatured zones. These results helped to infer that intraphage T-7-DNA is partially denatured.
I. Derivation of the Photo-electric Efficiency of Photoreceptors and a Method of Extracellular Measurement of Nerve Current
Authors: Krischer Christof C.
Published: February 2015

In part 1 a method is described how the nerve current iax of passively conducting nerves can be measured. iax is shown to be a quantitative measure of the receptor potential. For a known state of function of the photoreceptor iax can be used to calculate the resistance of the nerve.

Part 2 is concerned with the primary electrical reaction (receptor potential) of vision. Formulae are derived which allow to calculate 1. the quantity of absorbed light (input); 2. the charge flux (output). The ratio of output to input is the photo-electric efficiency ηq. With ηq it is possible to estimate the turnover of ions and energy of the transduction reaction.
Elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchung an intrazellulär lebenden Einzellern in Foraminiferen / Electron Microscopic Study on Intracellular Microorganisms in Foraminifera
Authors: Schwab Dieter
Published: February 2015

In the cytoplasmic vacuoles and lacunas of the monothalamous foraminifera Myxotheca arenilega and Allogromia laticollaris unicellular organisms of about 2,5-6 µm appear, which persist intracellularly, showing no disintegration, even after a long starvation period of the host.

The mono- or multinucleated cells show a well developed dense endoplasmic reticulum, a large number of ribosomes, elongated mitochondria of the tubulus type, a few Golgi - complexes and paired centrioles or basal bodies. The cells are surrounded by a sheath of about 0.1 μm, consisting of numerous lamellae in a loose arrangement together with osmiophilic substances. It is presumed that this protects the cells against digestion by the host. Since foraminifera which contain these organisms show no differences in growth and size at the end of their developing period compared to those cells which are free from these organisms, it is doubted that these organisms are parasites. They are also presumably not symbiontic organisms, since they possess no thylacoids. It is likely that they are harmless commensals. Their systematic position is unknown.
Das Bürzeldrüsensekret des Bläßhuhns (Fulica atra) / The Uropygial Gland Fat of the Coot (Fulica atra)
Authors: Jacob Jürgen , Zeman Alfred
Published: February 2015

The composition of the uropygial gland waxes of the coot (Fulica atra) was investigated by GLC/MS-combination. As acidic components mainly 2,6,10- and 4,8,12-trimethyl-substituted fatty acids with a chain length of C12-C17 or C14 - C17 were determined; besides 4,8,14-trimethylhexadecanoic acid and homologous series of 2-methyl-, 2,6-, 2,8-, 2,10-, 2,12-, 4,8-, 4,10- and 4,12-dimethyl- as well as 2,6,12- and 2,8,10-trimethyl-substituted fatty acids could be detected.

As alcoholic components homologous series of n-alkanols with a chain length of C15-C20 and 2-, 6-, 10- and 14-methyl-alkanols with a chain length of C16-C19 could be identified.
Die Schwingungsspektren von MoO3.2 H2O und MoO2Cl2 · H2O / Vibrational Spectra of MoO3 · 2 H2O and MoO2Cl2 · H2O
Authors: Schröder F. A. , Krebs B. , Mattes R.
Published: February 2015

The Raman and infrared spectra of MoO3·2 H2O and MoO2Cl2 · H2O have been assigned based on the known crystal structures of these compounds. In the region of the Mo-O-stretching frequencies the spectra of ΜοO3·2Η2O and MoO2Cl2 or WO2Cl2 are very similar. The same is valid for MoO2Cl2H2O compared with MoO3. The frequency νas (Mo-O - Mo) depends highly on the ratio of the bond lengths of the two bridge bonds.
Strahlenchemie von Alkoholen XVI
Authors: Dizdaroglu M. , Scherz H. , Sonntag C. Von
Published: February 2015

In the γ-radiolysis of N2O saturated aqueous solutions of meso-erythritol (10-2 mol/1) the following products (G-values) are formed: erythrose (1) (1.3), erythrulose (2) (1.4), 2-deoxy-tetrose (3) (0.70), butanediol- (3,4)-on- (2) (4) (0.75), butanediol- (1,4) -on- (2) (5) (~0.1), glycerol aldehyde (6) (∼0.1), glycol aldehyde (?) (7) (<0.1) and dimers (8) (0.45). The formation of the products can be explained by the attack of the water radicals (OH and H) on the meso-erythritol to give primarily meso-erythritol radicals. These radicals may disproportionate (products: 1 and 2), eliminate water, or fragment. The dimers 8 and the products 3-5 contain deoxy-groups attached to a carbonyl function. Their precursors are meso-erythritol radicals which have split off water before dimerization or disproportionation. 6 and 7 seem to arise from β-fragmentation processes of the primary meso-erythritol radicals.
Kinetics of Oxidation of Cyclohexanol by Ceric Ammonium Nitrate in Aq. HNO3
Authors: Mathur D. L. , Bakore G. V.
Published: February 2015

The oxidation of cyclohexanol by ceric ion has been studied in the presence of nitric acid (~1-2.5 M). The rate dependence on alcohol suggests intermediate complex formation. The increase in hydrogen ion and nitrate ion concentrations retards the rate of oxidation. The results have been explained on the basis of Ce (OH)3⊕, as the reactive species. The value of Kh for the equilibrium Ce4⊕ +H2O ⇄ Ce (OH)3⊕+H⊕ has been evaluated as 4.8 at 25°C in nitric acid medium. A mechanism based on decomposition of Ce (IV) -alcohol complex and rupture of α-carbon hydrogen bond in the rate determining step has been put forward.
Glucuronidierung von Hydroxy-testosteron- und Hydroxy-androstendion-Verbindungen durch die mikrosomale UDP-Glucuronyl-Transferase der Rattenleber / Glucuronidation of Hydroxy-compounds of Testosterone and Androstenedione by the Microsomal UDP Glucuronyl Transferase of Rat Liver
Authors: Schriefers Herbert , Ghraf Rüdiger , Lehnen Birgit
Published: February 2015

The microsomal UDP glucuronyl transferase exhibits activities against hydroxy derivatives of androstenedione (hydroxyl groups in the positions 2β, 6β or 16α) between 5% and 27% of the extent shown against testosterone. 2β-, 6β· and 16α-hydroxyl groups are much less efficient in accepting the glucuronic acid than the 17β-hydroxyl group.

However, the acceptor function of the 17β-hydroxyl group is restricted by other hydroxy substituents in the testosterone molecule to an increasing extent represented by the following sequence: 2α, 6β, 6α, 16α, and 7α. A special case is represented by 2β-hydroxy-testosterone. The transferase displays a higher activity against this compound than against testosterone.

Apparently the transferase approaches the steroid molecule from the α-side (with the β-side there is also contact at the C-6 atom) requires the 17β-hydroxyl group and the 3-oxo-4-ene system to display full activity.

Thus the very high specificity of the transferase for testosterone explains the selective action of this enzyme on testosterone metabolism in the liver. This action is expressed by the fact, that in liver perfusates the percentage of testosterone in the glucuronide fraction is twice as large as the percentage of testosterone in the free steroid fraction.
Electrochemical Behaviour of the Fe(CO)3NO⊖ Ion
Authors: Murgia S. M. , Paliani G. , Cardaci G.
Published: February 2015

The polarographic behaviour of [(C2H5)4N] ⊕ [Fe(CO)3NO⊖] has been investigated at the mercury dropping electrode and platinum stationary electrode.

It was found that the complex displays two anodic and one cathodic waves.

On the basis of the results obtained a mechanism is proposed and discussed.
Über die Dimerisierung von 2-Äthyl-keten-carbonsäureäthylester / Dimerisation of 2-Ethyl-keten-carbonicacidethylester
Authors: Sterk Heinz
Published: February 2015

It ought to be shown by the EHT-method and nmr-spectroscopic investigations that the dimerisation of 2-ethyl-keten-carbonic-acidethylester behaves like a cycloaddition.
On the Binding of Benz[a]pyrene to DNA “in vivo”
Authors: Carlassare F. , Antonello C. , Baccichetti F. , Malfer P.
Published: February 2015

The Possibility that “in vivo” a binding takes place between DNA and benz [a] pyrene was examined. After oral administration of 3H-benz [a] pyrene, radioactive DNA was isolated from the skin, spleen and liver of NCLmice, and especially from the liver. This suggest that covalent binding between DNA and benz [a] pyrene takes place.
Open Systems which Can Mutate between Several Steady States (“Bioids”) and a Possible Prebiological Role of the Autocatalytic Condensation of Formaldehyde / Offene Systeme die zwischen mehreren stationären Zuständen zu „mutieren” vermögen („Bioide”) und die präbiologische Rolle der autokatalytischen Kondensation von Formaldehyd
Authors: Decker Peter , Speidel Alfred
Published: February 2015

A definition of the term “life”, if understood as one element in a supposed class of extraterrestrial and prebiological phenomena, is shown to be logically impossible because life is the sole known element of that class. Instead, the properties of the class of “bioids”, defined as the class of “open systems which can exist in several steady states” (DECKER and SPEIDEL, Chemiedozententagung, Hamburg 1968; DECKER, 6th FEBS Meeting, Madrid 1969, Abstracts Vol. p. 146) are explored. It contains all lifelike systems as a subclass and is equivalent to the class of thermodynamical open systems which, simultaneously, are “systems” as defined in kybernetics: consisting of “elements” (steady states) and “relations” (transitions between such). Generalizations of the concepts of “species” (as steady states), “mutation” (as transition between steady states) and “evolution by mutation and selection of the fittest” are defined in this class, making those concepts independent of nucleic acids, proteins, macromolecules and linear matrices which may be special features of terrestrial life or advanced systems only. This is derived on the example of the kinetics of a chemical bioid, where two autocatalysts compete for one substrate. The autocatalytic condensation of formaldehyde into monosaccharides was investigated in a flow reactor as an example of a chemical bioid. The transition of the nonreacting into a reacting state was seen in the kinetics; further transitions in the very complex reaction seemed to follow without lag time the changes in the reaction conditions; the elucidation of supposed additional states requires further differentiation of the complex reaction products. The consumption of formaldehyde could be followed down to very high dilutions, to 20°C and to a formaldehyde supply of 1 g per day per litre. The results allow, by extrapolation, the conclusion that a formaldehyde bioid presumably could subsist in a reacting state under prebiological conditions in 10 cm deep water on a photochemical formaldehyde supply of 10-100 mg per day per qm from a methane atmosphere. Such a system would act as an information source providing a steady supply of complex carbon compounds from a C1 precursor.
Indol-3-essigsäure-induzierte Nukleotidabgabe bei gleichzeitig erhöhter Adenosin-3′:5′-monophosphorsäure (c-AMP)-Synthese in Maiskoleoptilzylindern / 3-Indole Acetic Acid Induced efflux of Nucleotides Concomitant with an Increased Synthesis of Adenosin-3′:5′-monophosphat (c-AMP) in Maize Coleoptile Sections
Authors: Janistyn B.
Published: February 2015

When maize coleoptile sections were incubated in buffer, nucleotides appeared in the solution as shown by photometric measurement. After 2-3 hours the concentration of the nucleotides stayed constant. However subsequent addition of 3-indole acetic acid to the buffer lead to a linear, rapid and significant net efflux of nucleotides lasting several hours.

The nucleotides Adenosin-5′-monophosphate (5′-AMP) and Adenosin-3′: 5′-monophosphate (c-AMP) could be identified in the solution after incubation. The incorporation of [8-14C]-adenine into 5′-AMP and c-AMP was measured. After treatment with 3-indole acetic acid c-AMP-14C-synthesis was increased in the tissue about 100% over control.
Potentiometric Studies On Mixed Ligand Complexes
Authors: Sharma R. C. , Tandon J. P.
Published: February 2015

Potentiometric evidences have been cited for the formation of 1:1:1, ternary complexes in the systems La (III) -NTA-Hydroxy acids (where hydroxy acids = malic, tartaric, 1-hydroxy 2-naphthoic and 2-hydroxy-3 naphthoic acids).
Metalltrifluorphosphin-Komplexe, XXXI / Metaltrifluorophosphine Complexes, XXXI
Authors: Kruck Th. , Kobelt R. , Prasch A.
Published: February 2015

Fe (PF3) 5 reacts with halogens to yield the dihalogeno-tetrakis (trifluorophosphine) -iron complexes X2Fe (PF3)4 (X = Cl, Br, J). The structure of the volatile cristalline compounds is octahedral with the halogen atoms in cis-position. The IR-, Mass- and F-NMR-spectra are reported and discussed; the Mössbauer-spectra are listed.
Mehrkernige Kobalt(III)-Komplexe der Zusammensetzung CoCl3(NH3)3 mit Cl-Brücken / Chlorine-bridged Polynuclear Cobalt (III) Complexes of the Composition CoCl3 (NH3) 3
Authors: Wieghardt Karl , Siebert Hans
Published: February 2015

It is shown from infra-red measurements on the compound CoCl3(NH3)3 reported by WERNER that the complex contains bridging μ-chloro ions. Spectrophotometric measurements indicate cisposition of the μ-chloro ligands.

Corresponding polynuclear μ-chloro complexes with trans-position of the μ-chloro ligands have been obtained reacting trans- [Co (N3) 3 (NH3) 3] or trans- [Co (CCl3CO2) 3 (NH3) 3] with concentrated hydrochlorid acid. A similar product has been obtained from solutions of trans- [CoCl2H2O (NH3) 3] in conc. H2SO4 adding conc. HCl.
Ternary Complexes in Solution, XII. Models for Biological Mixed-Ligand Complexes: 2,2′-Bipyridyl-Cu2+-Oligoglycine Systems
Authors: Sigel Helmut , Griesser Rolf , Prijs Bernhard
Published: February 2015

The stability constants of the binary Cu2+ complexes of glycine amide, diglycine, diglycine amide, triglycine, and tetraglycine were determined, as were those of the mixed-ligand Cu2+ systems containing 2,2′-bipyridyl and one of the mentioned oligoglycines. The results evidence that all these complexes have the same structure and, therefore, the binding sites of the ligands have to be the terminal amino group and the oxygen of the neighbored amide group. The stability differences between the ternary and the binary complexes are in agreement with this interpretation. It is of interest to note that these ternary complexes are significantly more stable than expected on statistical reasons. With increasing pH, the amide groups in the binary complexes are successively deprotonated. Thus, with tetraglycine finally all three amide protons are displaced, and the amide nitrogens are bound to the square-planar coordination sphere of Cu2+. As in the Cu2+-2,2′-bipyridyl 1 : 1 complex, only two coordination positions are left for the binding of the oligoglycine, in the tenary complexes, only one amide group can be deprotonated. An increase in pH with deprotonation of other amide groups leads to a displacement of 2,2′-bipyridyl, i. e. the simple binary complexes result. No evidence could be observed for the coordination of a deprotonated amide group to an apical position of the coordination sphere of Cu2+. Additionally, while the displacement of the first amide proton in the several binary Cu2+ oligoglycine complexes occurs over a large pH range (4 to 7), the deprotonation in all the mixed-ligand complexes takes place at pH approximately 8.
Platinkomplexe mit „gemischter“ Oxidationszahl / Platinum Complexes of “Mixed” Oxidation Number
Authors: Gitzel W. , Keller H. J. , Rupp H. H. , Seibold K.
Published: February 2015

The synthesis of new coordination compounds of platinum crystallizing in a columnar structure is described. The reaction conditions leading to linear metal chains can be deduced by means of a simple charge transfer model.
Complexation Reactions of Dialkyltin Dichloride with Catechol
Authors: Mehrotra R. C. , Gupta V. D. , Sharma C. K.
Published: February 2015

A study of the complexation reactions of dialkyltin dichloride with catechol has been carried out by potentiometric method and the correctness of the observed formation of 1:1 complex has been confirmed by preparative studies both in aqueous and non-aqueous media.