bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Momentum transfer from solar wind to interplanetary field enhancements inferred from magnetic field draping signatures
Authors: Lai H. R. , Russell C. T. , Jia Y. D. , Wei H. Y. , Angelopoulos V.
Published: February 2015

Characterized by a cusp‐shaped enhancement in the magnetic field strength, the magnetic structure in the solar wind, called an interplanetary field enhancement (IFE), has been investigated since its discovery. To understand its three‐dimensional magnetic field geometry, we study an IFE detected by five spacecraft simultaneously. Field lines are seen draping around in the upstream region and rotating in the ambient convection electric field direction in the downstream region. Earlier studies suggest that IFEs are created when the solar wind accelerates newly formed dust clouds. Both signatures found in our study support this hypothesis: the field line draping is caused by dust‐solar wind momentum exchange, while the field line rotation is a typical signature of dusty plasma pickup. The force that exchanges the momentum is approximately 106 N. This study illustrates the nature of the interaction between two flowing plasmas of very different mass‐to‐charge ratio.
A CO2‐stable hollow‐fiber membrane with high hydrogen permeation flux
Authors: Chen Yan , Liao Qing , Li Zhong , Wang Haihui , Wei Yanying , Feldhoff Armin , Caro Jürgen
Published: February 2015

A Mo‐substituted lanthanum tungstate mixed proton‐electron conductor, La5.5W0.6Mo0.4O11.25−δ (LWM04), was synthesized using solid state reactions. Dense U‐shaped LWM04 hollow‐fiber membranes were successfully prepared using wet‐spinning phase‐inversion and sintering. The stability of LWM04 in a CO2‐containing atmosphere and the permeation of hydrogen through the LWM04 hollow‐fiber membrane were investigated in detail. A high hydrogen permeation flux of 1.36 mL/min cm2 was obtained for the U‐shaped LWM04 hollow‐fiber membranes at 975°C when a mixture of 80% H2−20% He was used as the feed gas and the sweep side was humidified. Moreover, the hydrogen permeation flux did not significantly decrease over 70 h of operation when fed with a mixture containing 25% CO2, 50% H2, and 25% He, indicating that the LWM04 hollow‐fiber membrane has good stability under a CO2‐containing atmosphere. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1997–2007, 2015
Effects of axial circulation and dispersion geometry on the scale‐up of ultrasonic extraction of polysaccharides
Authors: Alzorqi Ibrahim , Manickam Sivakumar
Published: February 2015

The ultrasonic‐assisted extraction of polysaccharides (PS) from Ganoderma lucidum, was subjected to a scale‐up study. 0.25 L extractor was used to optimize the extraction conditions toward maximum yield of PS. The extracted PS was observed to be reduced by increasing the scale from 1 to 6 L. To intensify the extraction, axial circulation at different stirring rates was induced and optimized in a 3 L U‐tube extractor. Although circulation at 300 rpm improved the yield of PS for 3 L, introducing dispersion geometry (conical funnel) and adjusting the radiation distance in a 6 L U‐tube extractor further intensified the extraction efficiency. A radiation distance of 4 cm and circulation induced using 600 rpm enhanced the PS as compared to the conventional 6 L extractor. Overall, the scale‐up from 0.25 to 6 L was successful and introducing circulation and dispersion geometry intensified the extraction efficiency under similar dissipation of ultrasonic power. © 2015 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 61: 1483–1491, 2015
Rapidly progressive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy in an infant with Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines: Palliative treatment with a rapamycin analog
Authors: Hahn Andreas , Lauriol Jessica , Thul Josef , Behnke‐Hall Kachina , Logeswaran Tushiha , Schänzer Anne , Böğürcü Nuray , Garvalov Boyan K. , Zenker Martin , Gelb Bruce D. , von Gerlach Susanne , Kandolf Reinhard , Kontaridis Maria I. , Schranz Dietmar
Published: February 2015

Noonan syndrome with multiple lentigines (NSML) frequently manifests with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM). Recently, it was demonstrated that mTOR inhibition reverses HCM in NSML mice. We report for the first time on the effects of treatment with a rapamycin analog in an infant with LS and malignant HCM. In the boy, progressive HCM was diagnosed during the first week of life and a diagnosis of NSML was established at age 20 weeks by showing a heterozygous Q510E mutation in PTPN11. Immunoblotting with antibodies against pERK, pAkt, and pS6RP in fibroblasts demonstrated enhanced Akt/mTOR pathway activity. Because of the patient's critical condition, everolimus therapy was started at age 24 weeks and continued until heart transplantation at age 36 weeks. Prior to surgery, heart failure improved from NYHA stage IV to II and brain natriuretic peptide values decreased from 9,600 to <1,000 pg/ml, but no reversal of cardiac hypertrophy was observed. Examination of the explanted heart revealed severe hypertrophy and myofiber disarray with extensive perivascular fibrosis. These findings provide evidence that Akt/mTOR activity is enhanced in NSML with HCM and suggest that rapamycin treatment could principally be feasible for infantile NSML. The preliminary experiences made in this single patient indicate that therapy should start early to prevent irreversible cardiac remodelling. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Copper‐Catalyzed Oxidative C−H Amination: Synthesis of Imidazo[1,2‐a]‐N‐Heterocycles from N‐Heteroaryl Enaminones
Authors: Reddy K. Ranjith , Reddy A. Siva , Shankar Ravi , Kant Rajni , Das Parthasarathi
Published: February 2015

A copper(I)‐catalyzed oxidative C−N bond cross‐coupling reactions for the construction of imidazole‐containing nitrogen bridgehead heterocycles have been developed under ligand‐ and base‐free conditions. The open‐air reaction conditions were general and successfully applied in the synthesis of heterocycles, such as substituted imidazo[1,2‐a]pyridines, imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrimidines, and imidazo[1,2‐a]pyrazines.
Familial periodontal disease in the cayo santiago rhesus macaques
Authors: Gonzalez Octavio A. , Orraca Luis , Kensler Terry B. , Gonzalez‐Martinez Janis , Maldonado Elizabeth , Ebersole Jeffrey L.
Published: February 2015

Substantial ongoing research continues to explore the contribution of genetics and environment to the onset, extent and severity of periodontal disease(s). Existing evidence supports that periodontal disease appears to have an increased prevalence in family units with a member having aggressive periodontitis. We have been using the nonhuman primate as a model of periodontal disease for over 25 years with these species demonstrating naturally occurring periodontal disease that increases with age. This report details our findings from evaluation of periodontal disease in skulls from 97 animals (5–31 years of age) derived from the skeletons of the rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) on Cayo Santiago. Periodontal disease was evaluated by determining the distance from the base of the alveolar bone defect to the cemento‐enamel junction on 1st/2nd premolars and 1st/2nd molars from all four quadrants. The results demonstrated an increasing extent and severity of periodontitis with aging across the population of animals beyond only compensatory eruption. Importantly, irrespective of age, extensive heterogeneity in disease expression was observed among the animals. Linking these variations to multi‐generational matriarchal family units supported familial susceptibility of periodontitis. As the current generations of animals that are descendants from these matrilines are alive, studies can be conducted to explore an array of underlying factors that could account for susceptibility or resistance to periodontal disease. Am. J. Primatol. 78:143–151, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Sinonasal and skull base pleomorphic adenoma: a case series and literature review
Authors: Kuan Edward C. , Diaz Miguel Fernando Palma , Chiu Alexander G. , Bergsneider Marvin , Wang Marilene B. , Suh Jeffrey D.
Published: February 2015

Background

Pleomorphic adenoma (PA) is the most common benign neoplasm of the major salivary glands. PA of the paranasal sinuses and skull base is an extremely rare pathologic entity. We report 3 cases of sinonasal and skull‐base PA (including locoregionally advanced parotid disease) and review other cases in the literature, with special attention to clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management.

Methods

Retrospective review of patients with PA of the sinuses and skull base treated at 2 tertiary academic medical centers between January 1, 1993 and July 1, 2014. The MEDLINE database was additionally searched for all case series or reports of sinonasal or skull‐base PA.

Results

A total of 32 articles were identified for review. In combination with the authors’ cases, a total of 39 patients were found to have sinonasal and/or skull‐base PA. The most common primary sites were the nasal septum and lateral nasal wall. Endoscopic resection was employed in 66% of cases, which achieved oncologic control in more than 80% of cases at a mean follow‐up of 2 years.

Conclusion

PA of the sinonasal tract and skull base is a rare, benign tumor that often may be surgically accessible through an endonasal, endoscopic approach. Recurrent disease may behave more aggressively than PA found in the major salivary glands. Accurate tumor sampling is essential for surgical planning, because malignant transformation does occur. In certain cases of unresectable tumors, endoscopic debulking may improve patient symptoms and quality of life.
Heart rate variability and the risk of Parkinson disease: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study
Authors: Alonso Alvaro , Huang Xuemei , Mosley Thomas H. , Heiss Gerardo , Chen Honglei
Published: February 2015

Objective

Autonomic dysfunction frequently occurs in the context of Parkinson disease (PD) and may precede onset of motor symptoms. Limited data exist on the prospective association of heart rate variability (HRV), a marker of autonomic function, with PD risk.

Methods

We included 12,162 participants of the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study, a community‐based cohort, without a diagnosis of PD at baseline (1987–1989) and with available HRV data (mean age = 54 years, 57% women). A 2‐minute electrocardiogram was used to measure HRV. Incident PD was identified through 2008 from multiple sources, and adjudicated. Multivariable Cox models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) of PD by quartiles of HRV measurements.

Results

During a mean follow‐up of 18 years, we identified 78 incident PD cases. Lower values of the root mean square of successive differences in normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (rMSSD) and standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal R‐R intervals (SDNN), markers of parasympathetic activity and total variability, respectively, were associated with higher PD risk during follow‐up. In multivariate models, the HR (95% CI) of PD in the bottom quartiles of rMSSD and SDNN compared to the top quartiles were 2.1 (1.0–4.3) and 2.9 (1.4–6.1), respectively. Other measures of cardiac autonomic function, including mean R‐R interval and frequency‐domain measurements, were not associated with PD risk.

Interpretation

In this prospective cohort, decreased HRV was associated with an increased risk of PD. Assessment of cardiac autonomic function may help identify individuals at risk for PD. Ann Neurol 2015;77:877–883
Highly efficient protection of alcohols and phenols catalysed by tin porphyrin supported on MIL‐101
Authors: Zadehahmadi Farnaz , Tangestaninejad Shahram , Moghadam Majid , Mirkhani Valiollah , Mohammadpoor‐Baltork Iraj , Kardanpour Reihaneh
Published: February 2015

The catalytic activity of 5,10,15,20‐tetrakis(4‐aminophenyl)porphyrinatotin(IV) trifluoromethanesulfonate, [SnIV(TNH2PP)(OTf)2], supported on chloromethylated MIL‐101, was investigated in the trimethylsilylation of alcohols and phenols with hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) and also their tetrahydropyranylation with 3,4‐dihydro‐2H‐pyran. Excellent yields, mild reaction conditions, short reaction times and reusability of the catalyst without significant decrease in its initial activity are noteworthy advantages of this supported catalyst. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Dynamic mechanical properties of very thin adhesive joints
Authors: Krogh Ludovic , Schawe Jürgen E. K. , Possart Wulff
Published: February 2015

The effective mechanical properties of a polyurethane adhesive (oligoetherdiol, ‐triol, MDI) in gold joints (bond line thickness, dP = 35–550 µm) are studied in the linear deformation range by dynamic mechanical analysis in shear mode. These properties depend on dP: thin ones possess a higher dynamic glass transition temperature and show a narrower glass transition than the thick ones. The storage modulus rises with decreasing dP for the rubbery plateau. The results attest mechanical interphases in the polyurethane with increased crosslink density and reduced cooperative mobility than in bulk. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2015, 132, 42058.
Do circulating cells transdifferentiate and replenish stem cell pools in the brain and periphery?
Authors: Mezey Éva , Brownstein Michael J.
Published: February 2015

For nearly two centuries, developmental biologists have known that body organs are derived from distinct germ layers. They have argued that adult stem cells formed in one of these, mesoderm for example, cannot give rise to cells that originate in another. We disagree. An exception to this “rule” has been described in crayfish recently. In this species, hemocytes appear to replenish neurogenic cells. This may happen in humans as well. In women who were given male bone marrow‐derived cells, Y chromosome positive cheek cells and brain neurons were detected. While repopulation of these tissues by bone marrow derived cells may not occur normally, and while it does not appear to be terribly efficient, the phenomenon should be studied in more detail. Perhaps cells in the marrow could be used to regenerate tissues elsewhere.
Variable Cascade Control Structure for Tubular Reactors
Authors: Urrea‐García Galo R. , Reséndiz‐Camacho Sergio , Álvarez‐Ramírez José , Luna‐Solano Guadalupe
Published: February 2015

The application of a variable control structure for tubular reactors, based on multiple temperature measurements, is explored. The proposed structure allows the controller to adapt to temperature error variations along the tubular reactor. Controllers can be designed from simple input‐output first‐order dynamical models obtained from step responses and are coupled with a dynamic law for assigning a variable weight to conventional feedback cascade control loops. The simulation results show that the variable structure based on linear proportional‐integral controllers enhances the performance and robustness properties of conventional cascade schemes for controlling the outlet reactor concentration. Major advantages are shown in the face of a variety of concentration and temperature feed disturbances.
Generalized Pinch Analysis Scheme Using MATLAB
Authors: Tewari Kshitij , Agrawal Sumit , Kumar Arya Raj
Published: February 2015

In pinch analysis, the calculations needed for determining pinch temperatures and minimum utility requirements are simple and can be done manually in case of a small number of streams. However, in real‐scale industrial problems, the calculation can become tedious and very much time‐consuming. A generalized low‐cost and user‐friendly scheme for pinch design using MATLAB is proposed. This scheme is tested for several problems for accuracy and robustness to determine hot pinch temperature, cold pinch temperature, minimum cooling load, and minimum heating load using the temperature interval method. The solutions developed by the proposed scheme are mirror images of solutions found by applying a rigorous procedure.
Influence of the Sparger Type and Added Alcohol on the Gas Holdup of an External‐Loop Airlift Reactor
Authors: Kojić Predrag S. , Tokić Milenko S. , Šijački Ivana M. , Lukić Nataša Lj. , Petrović Dragan Lj. , Jovičević Dragica Z. , Popović Svetlana S.
Published: February 2015

The influences of alcohol adding and three different gas spargers (single orifice, perforated plate, and sinter plate) on the gas holdup in an external‐loop airlift reactor were studied. The experimental results show that the gas holdup can be increased by mutual influence of both the alcohol adding and the sparger type. The presence of small amounts of normal aliphatic alcohols caused an increase of the gas holdup compared to the air‐water system, due to their coalescence‐inhibiting nature. The sinter plate was the most efficient sparger, followed by the perforated plate and the single orifice. A proposed artificial neural network (ANN) has the potential to predict gas holdup values in airlift reactors for various alcohols and types of gas spargers.
Green Diesel from Hydrotreated Vegetable Oil Process Design Study
Authors: Hilbers Tim J. , Sprakel Lisette M. J. , van den Enk Leon B. J. , Zaalberg Bart , van den Berg Henk , van der Ham Louis G. J.
Published: February 2015

A systematic approach was applied to study the process of hydrotreating vegetable oils. During the three phases of conceptual, detailed, and final design, unit operations were designed and sized. Modeling of the process was performed with UniSim Design®. Producing green diesel and jet fuel from vegetable oils was found to be technically possible via a flexible process of hydrotreatment. The resulting mass and energy balances indicated high carbon atom and energy yield. An economic evaluation proved that the operational expenses mainly depend on the cost of raw materials. Currently, the margin between crude palm oil and the retail diesel price is too low to operate an economically viable process. However, production and utilization of biofuels is required by international regulations.
Catalyst Activation, Deactivation, and Degradation in Palladium‐Mediated Negishi Cross‐Coupling Reactions
Authors: Böck Katharina , Feil Julia E. , Karaghiosoff Konstantin , Koszinowski Konrad
Published: February 2015

Pd‐mediated Negishi cross‐coupling reactions were studied by a combination of kinetic measurements, electrospray‐ionization (ESI) mass spectrometry, 31P NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy. The kinetic measurements point to a rate‐determining oxidative addition. Surprisingly, this step seems to involve not only the Pd catalyst and the aryl halide substrate, but also the organozinc reagent. In this context, the ESI‐mass spectrometric observation of heterobimetallic Pd–Zn complexes [L2PdZnR]+ (L=S‐PHOS, R=Bu, Ph, Bn) is particularly revealing. The inferred presence of these and related neutral complexes with a direct Pd–Zn interaction in solution explains how the organozinc reagent can modulate the reactivity of the Pd catalyst. Previous theoretical calculations by González‐Pérez et al. (Organometallics­ 2012, 31, 2053) suggest that the complexation by the organozinc reagent lowers the activity of the Pd catalyst. Presumably, a similar effect also causes the rate decrease observed upon addition of ZnBr2. In contrast, added LiBr apparently counteracts the formation of Pd–Zn complexes and restores the high activity of the Pd catalyst. At longer reaction times, deactivation processes due to degradation of the S‐PHOS ligand and aggregation of the Pd catalyst come into play, thus further contributing to the appreciable complexity of the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Superhalogens as Building Blocks of Halogen‐Free Electrolytes in Lithium‐Ion Batteries.
Authors: Giri Santanab , Behera Swayamprabha , Jena Puru
Published: February 2015

In the search for halogen‐free electrolytes, the electronic structure of current electrolytes is studied via DFT‐based first‐principles calculations of the ground state geometries and total energies of anionic BF4‐, PF6‐, AsF6‐, FePO4‐, ClO4‐, N(SO2F)2‐, and N(SO2F3)2‐.
ChemInform Abstract: Ca2Mn2O5 as Oxygen‐Deficient Perovskite Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Evolution Reaction.
Authors: Kim Jaemin , Yin Xi , Tsao Kai‐Chieh , Fang Shaohua , Yang Hong
Published: February 2015

Phase‐pure O‐deficient Ca2Mn2O5 as an electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) in alkaline media is prepared under mild conditions via reductive annealing (350 °C, 5% H2/Ar) of CaMnO3 which is derived by sol‐gel processing of a HNO3 solution of CaCO3, Mn(NO3)2, and citric acid (80 °C, 5 h).
ChemInform Abstract: Ultrasound Assisted Nucleophilic Cyclization of Tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile: An Efficient Way to Fluorine‐Containing Heterocycles.
Authors: Wang Liang , Chen Ting , Chen Sheng‐Chun , Chen Qun , He Ming‐Yang
Published: February 2015

The reaction of various bis‐nucleophiles with tetrafluoroterephthalonitrile (I) is studied.
ChemInform Abstract: One‐Pot Synthesis of Functionalized β‐Amino Sulfides/β‐Amino Selenides via Ring Opening of Cyclic Sulfamidates.
Authors: Venkateswarlu Cheerladinne , Datta Bandita , Chandrasekaran Srinivasan
Published: February 2015

In—situ formed thiolate ions from rongalite react in a highly stereospecific manner at the C—O bond yielding enantiopure products in good to excellent yields.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalytic Bio—Chemo and Bio—Bio Tandem Oxidation Reactions for Amide and Carboxylic Acid Synthesis.
Authors: Bechi Beatrice , Herter Susanne , McKenna Shane , Riley Christopher , Leimkuehler Silke , Turner Nicholas J. , Carnell Andrew J.
Published: February 2015

Three water‐based one‐pot cascades to convert aryl alcohols to acids and amides, respectively, and cyclic amines to lactams are realized.
ChemInform Abstract: Heterogeneous Light‐Mediated Reductive Dehalogenations and Cyclizations Utilizing Platinum Nanoparticles on Titania (PtNP@TiO2).
Authors: McTiernan Christopher D. , Pitre Spencer P. , Ismaili Hossein , Scaiano Juan C.
Published: February 2015

A highly reductive photoredox system based on heterogeneous platinum nanoparticles on titania as catalyst is described to allow hydrodehalogenation of iodoarenes, hydrodehalogenation and cyclization of a variety of allyl and propargyl tethered iodoethyl compounds, and the cyclization of bisenones of type (XVII).
ChemInform Abstract: Exceedingly Fast Copper(II)‐Promoted ortho C—H Trifluoromethylation of Arenes Using TMSCF3.
Authors: Shang Ming , Sun Shang‐Zheng , Wang Hong‐Li , Laforteza Brian N. , Dai Hui‐Xiong , Yu Jin‐Quan
Published: February 2015

For the first time, a copper‐catalyzed oxidative process is reported to allow the regioselective ortho C‐H trifluoromethylation of aromatic and heteroaromatic carboxylic acids having a N‐phenyloxazoline substituent.
ChemInform Abstract: Visible Light‐Induced Aromatic Difluoroalkylation.
Authors: Jung Jaehun , Kim Eunjin , You Youngmin , Cho Eun Jin
Published: February 2015

The convenient method using visible light photoredox catalysis allows the difluoroalkylation of arenes and hetarenes with difluoroacetate (II).
ChemInform Abstract: Cooperative Catalysis by Palladium and a Chiral Phosphoric Acid: Enantioselective Amination of Racemic Allylic Alcohols.
Authors: Banerjee Debasis , Junge Kathrin , Beller Matthias
Published: February 2015

The catalytic system consisting of Pd(dba)2, a chiral phosphoric acid, and a phosphoramidite ligand is the key to high enantioselectivity in the title reaction.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of α‐Aryl Esters and Nitriles: Deaminative Coupling of α‐Aminoesters and α‐Aminoacetonitriles with Arylboronic Acids.
Authors: Wu Guojiao , Deng Yifan , Wu Chaoqiang , Zhang Yan , Wang Jianbo
Published: February 2015

The title scalable reaction proceeds via diazotation and metal‐free coupling of the resulting diazo esters or nitriles with arylboronic acids.
ChemInform Abstract: Highly Efficient and Magnetically Separable Nano‐CuFe2O4 Catalyzed S‐Arylation of Thiourea by Aryl/Heteroaryl Halides.
Authors: Hajipour Abdol R. , Karimzadeh Morteza , Azizi Ghobad
Published: February 2015

Nanosized CuFe2O4 catalyzes the formation of aromatic thioethers from (hetero)aryl halides in the presence of thiourea.
ChemInform Abstract: The Transition‐Metal‐Catalyst‐Free Oxidative Homocoupling of Organomanganese Reagents Prepared by the Insertion of Magnesium into Organic Halides in the Presence of MnCl2·2LiCl.
Authors: Peng Zhihua , Li Na , Sun Xinyang , Wang Fang , Xu Lanjian , Jiang Cuiyu , Song Linhua , Yan Zi‐Feng
Published: February 2015

In addition to the title homocoupling reaction the arylmanganese reagents also react with electrophiles or undergo palladium‐catalyzed cross‐coupling reactions.
ChemInform Abstract: SmI2—H2O‐Mediated 5‐exo/6‐exo Lactone Radical Cyclization Cascades.
Authors: Yalavac Irem , Lyons Sarah E. , Webb Michael R. , Procter David J.
Published: February 2015

The title reaction gives the products as single diastereoisomers.
ChemInform Abstract: Catalyst‐ and Chromatography‐Free Synthesis of Pyrrole‐Substituted Indolinone Derivatives in Water.
Authors: Ahmad Nazim A. A. , Rokade Sunil M. , Garande Ashok M. , Bhate Prakash M.
Published: February 2015

This novel facile protocol allows the synthesis of pyrrole‐substituted indolinone derivatives via addition of amine (II) to isatins followed by decarboxylation and dehydration.
ChemInform Abstract: From Enantiopure Hydroxyaldehydes to Complex Heterocyclic Scaffolds: Development of Domino Petasis/Diels—Alder and Cross‐Metathesis/Michael Addition Reactions.
Authors: Cannillo Alexandre , Norsikian Stephanie , Tran Huu Dau Marie‐Elise , Retailleau Pascal , Iorga Bogdan I. , Beau Jean‐Marie
Published: February 2015

A sequence combining Petasis and Diels—Alder reactions gives access to hexahydroisoindole scaffolds in a one‐step procedure.
ChemInform Abstract: Transition‐Metal‐Free Heterocyclization of 1,3‐Diynes with Nitriles in the Presence of Aqueous Potassium Hydroxide: Synthesis of 2,4‐Disubstituted 5‐[(E)‐2‐Phenylethenyl]‐1,3‐oxazoles.
Authors: Ming Ling , Tang Jialiang , Zhao Xiaoming
Published: February 2015

Aliphatic 1,3‐diynes such as tetradeca‐6,8‐diyne fail to afford the corresponding products.
ChemInform Abstract: A Practical One‐Pot Synthesis of Coumarins in Aqueous Sodium Bicarbonate via Intramolecular Wittig Reaction at Room Temperature.
Authors: Belavagi Ningaraddi S. , Deshapande Narahari , Sunagar Manjunath G. , Khazi Imtiyaz Ahmed M.
Published: February 2015

The reaction can be scaled up.
ChemInform Abstract: A New Route to the Versatile Synthesis of Thiopyrano[2,3‐b:6,5‐b′]diindoles via 2‐(Alkylthio)‐indole‐3‐carbaldehydes.
Authors: Jha Mukund , Edmunds Michael , Lund Kate‐lyn , Ryan Ashley
Published: February 2015

Title compounds (III), (V), (VII), and (IX) are prepared from starting indolecarbaldehydes (I) and (VIII) (accessible via Vilsmeier‐Haack formylation of respective alkylthioindoles) by ethylenediamine‐diacetate‐mediated reaction with indoline‐2‐thiones (II), (IV), and (VI).
ChemInform Abstract: Fluorinated 1,8‐Naphthalimides: Synthesis, Solid Structure and Properties.
Authors: Huang Jie , Wu Di , Ge Hao‐Jie , Liu Sheng‐Hua , Yin Jun
Published: February 2015

Three title compounds of type (IV) are prepared.
ChemInform Abstract: Efficient Syntheses of Fluorine‐Containing Pyrimido[5,4‐c]quinolines and Benzo[h][1,6]naphthyridines by Condensation Reactions of 3‐Trifluoroacetylquinolin‐4‐amine with Aldehydes and Ketones.
Authors: Okada Etsuji , Hatakenaka Mizuki , Nakano Shiro , Sakaemura Takushi , Mori Takashi , Terauchi Terukazu
Published: February 2015

3‐Trifluoroacetyl‐4‐aminoquinoline (I) undergoes a three‐component condensation reaction with aldehydes ammonia to afford pyrimidoquinoline derivatives as single or major products.
ChemInform Abstract: Alkene Carboboration Enabled by Synergistic Catalysis.
Authors: Smith Kevin B. , Logan Kaitlyn M. , You Wei , Brown M. Kevin
Published: February 2015

A synergistic Cu/Pd catalytic system allows the regioselective cross‐coupling of in situ generated secondary Csp3—Cu nucleophiles.
ChemInform Abstract: A Facile Access to Highly Functionalized Triphenylphosphoranylidene Succinimides Through a Three‐Component Reaction and DFT Investigation of the Reaction Mechanism.
Authors: Esmaeili Abbas Ali , Khoddam‐Mohammadi Hanieh , Moradi Abbas , Davamdar Ehsan , Izadyar Mohammad , Khavani Mohammad , Islami Mohammad Reza
Published: February 2015

A novel one‐pot reaction of zwitterions generated in situ from triphenylphosphine and acetylenic esters with aroyl isocyanates affords the title compounds (IV) without using any catalyst or activation.
ChemInform Abstract: Exsolution‐Mimic Heterogeneous Surfaces: Towards Unlimited Catalyst Design
Authors: Zhang Wei , Zheng Weitao
Published: February 2015

Review: [new fabrication strategy that features an inside‐outside exsolution process; 18 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Innovation of Superparamagnetism in Lead Nanoparticles
Authors: Theivasanthi Thirugnanasambandan , Alagar Marimuthu
Published: February 2015

Review: 45 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Transannular Reactions in Asymmetric Total Synthesis
Authors: Reyes Efraim , Uria Uxue , Carrillo Luisa , Vicario Jose L.
Published: February 2015

Review: [72 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Cyclization Reactions of Propargylic Amides: Mild Access to N‐Heterocycles
Authors: Hu Yancheng , Xin Xiaoyi , Wan Boshun
Published: February 2015

Review: [56 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Rhenium‐Catalyzed Dehydration and Deoxydehydration of Alcohols and Polyols: Opportunities for the Formation of Olefins from Biomass
Authors: Raju Suresh , Moret Marc‐Etienne , Klein Gebbink Robertus J. M.
Published: February 2015

Review: 96 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthetic and Biological Studies of Pyrazolines and Related Heterocyclic Compounds
Authors: Yusuf Mohamad , Jain Payal
Published: February 2015

Review: [124 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Epitaxial Silicon Carbide Films Through the Substitution of Atoms in the Silicon Crystal Lattice: A Review
Authors: Kukushkin S. A. , Osipov A. V. , Feoktistov N. A.
Published: February 2015

Review: 75 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: 2‐Alkyl/Aryl/Heteroarylbenzothiazole Ring Systems from O‐Aminothiophenol and Its Derivatives as Versatile Synthons
Authors: Chandrasekhar Batchu
Published: February 2015

Review: 189 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Organic Synthesis: The Art and Science of Replicating the Molecules of Living Nature and Creating Others Like Them in the Laboratory
Authors: Nicolaou K. C.
Published: February 2015

Review: 41 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Carbocycles from Donor—Acceptor Cyclopropanes
Authors: Grover Huck K. , Emmett Michael R. , Kerr Michael A.
Published: February 2015

Review: [70 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Reductive Functionalzation of CO2 with Amines: An Entry to Formamide, Formamidine and Methylamine Derivatives.
Authors: Tlili Anis , Blondiaux Enguerrand , Frogneux Xavier , Cantat Thibault
Published: February 2015

Review: [60 refs.
ChemInform Abstract: The 2014 Magnetism Roadmap
Authors: Stamps Robert L. , et al. et al.
Published: February 2015

Review: a view on several selected, currently very active innovative developments; 167refs.
ChemInform Abstract: Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Chemosensors for Hydrogen Sulfide: Review of Detection Mechanisms Since the Year 2009
Authors: Li Jianfang , Yin Caixia , Huo Fangjun
Published: February 2015

Review: 113 refs.
Variation of Ventilation Practices With Center Volume After Pediatric Heart Surgery
Authors: Gupta Punkaj , Tang Xinyu , Gossett Jeffrey M. , Gall Christine M. , Lauer Casey , Rice Tom B. , Wetzel Randall C.
Published: February 2015

Background

This study was designed to evaluate the odds of mechanical ventilation and duration of mechanical ventilation after pediatric cardiac surgery across centers of varying center volume using the Virtual PICU Systems database.

Hypothesis

Children receiving cardiac surgery at high‐volume centers will be associated with lower odds of mechanical ventilation and shorter duration of mechanical ventilation, compared with low‐volume centers.

Methods

Patients age <18 years undergoing operations (with or without cardiopulmonary bypass) for congenital heart disease at one of the participating intensive care units in the Virtual PICU Systems database were included (2009–2013). Logistic regression models and Cox proportional hazards models were fitted for the probability of conventional mechanical ventilation and duration of mechanical ventilation, respectively, to investigate the difference in the outcomes between different center volume groups with/without adjustment for other risk factors.

Results

A total of 10 378 patients from 43 centers qualified for inclusion. Of these, 7648 (74%) patients received conventional mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery. Higher center volume was significantly associated with lower odds of mechanical ventilation after cardiac surgery (odds ratio: 2.68, 95% confidence interval: 2.15–3.35). However, patients receiving mechanical ventilation in these centers were associated with longer duration of mechanical ventilation, compared with lower‐volume centers (hazard ratio: 1.26, 95% confidence interval: 1.16–1.37). This association was most prominent in the lower surgical‐risk categories.

Conclusions

Large clinical practice variations were demonstrated for mechanical ventilation following pediatric cardiac surgery among intensive care units of varied center volumes.
Prevalence of Lynch syndrome in a Middle Eastern population with colorectal cancer
Authors: Siraj Abdul K. , Prabhakaran Sarita , Bavi Prashant , Bu Rong , Beg Shaham , Hazmi Mohsen Al , Al‐Rasheed Maha , Al‐Assiri Mohammed , Sairafi Rami , Al‐Dayel Fouad , Al‐Sanea Nasser , Uddin Shahab , Al‐Kuraya Khawla S.
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

Lynch syndrome (LS; hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer) is a common cause of hereditary colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC is the most common cancer diagnosed among males in Saudi Arabia but to the authors' knowledge there is a lack of data regarding the prevalence of LS in patients with CRC. There currently are no clear guidelines for the selection criteria for these patients to screen for LS.

METHODS

A comprehensive molecular characterization was performed in a cohort of 807 CRC cases by immunohistochemical and microsatellite analysis using polymerase chain reaction. BRAF mutation screening, high CpG island methylator phenotype, and analysis for germline mutations were performed in 425 CRC samples. These were all high microsatellite instability (MSI‐H) samples (91 cases), all low MSI samples (143 cases), and selected cases from the microsatellite stable group (191 cases) that met revised Bethesda guidelines.

RESULTS

Polymerase chain reaction identified 91 MSI‐H cases (11.3%) and sequencing revealed mismatch repair germline mutations in 8 CRC cases only. Of the total of 807 CRC cases, these 8 cases (0.99%) were MSI‐H, met the revised Bethesda guidelines, and did not harbor BRAF mutations.

CONCLUSIONS

The results of the current study confirmed cases of LS in approximately 1.0% of CRC samples and reflects the efficacy of screening among MSI‐H cases that lack BRAF mutations. This comprehensive study from Saudi Arabia will help in implementing a universal screening/reflex testing strategy in a clinical setting in Saudi Arabia and in conducting a national screening program that benefits both patients and their relatives. Cancer 2015;121:1762–1771. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Increasing diagnosis of subclinical thyroid cancers leads to spurious improvements in survival rates
Authors: Ho Allen S. , Davies Louise , Nixon Iain J. , Palmer Frank L. , Wang Laura Y. , Patel Snehal G. , Ganly Ian , Wong Richard J. , Tuttle R. Michael , Morris Luc G. T.
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

Survival rates are commonly used to measure success in treating cancer, but can be misleading. Modern diagnostic practices can lead to the appearance of improving cancer survival, as tumors are diagnosed earlier (lead‐time bias) or as an increasing proportion are slow‐growing (length bias), whereas the actual burden of cancer deaths is unchanged. Increasingly, more subclinical thyroid cancers are being diagnosed. The objective of the current study was to determine whether thyroid cancer survival rates have been affected by this phenomenon.

METHODS

The authors analyzed survival data from patients with thyroid cancer who were treated at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) from 1950 to 2005, and United States population‐based incidence, prevalence, and survival data from 1973 to 2009 in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data set.

RESULTS

US thyroid cancer incidence has increased 3‐fold from 1975 to 2009. Over time, the proportion of thyroid cancers that are subcentimeter in size has increased from 23% (1983) to 36% (2009). At MSKCC, this percentage rose from 20% (1950) to 35% (2005). The incidence rates of large tumors (>6 cm) and distant metastasis have not changed. In the United States, 10‐year relative survival improved from 95.4% to 98.6% (1983‐1999). At MSKCC, 10‐year disease‐specific survival improved from 91.1% to 96.1% (1950‐2005). However, when stratified by tumor size and stage, no changes in survival outcomes were observed. US thyroid cancer mortality rates have remained stable (1975‐2009).

CONCLUSIONS

Modern medical practices increasingly uncover small, asymptomatic thyroid cancers. Survival rates appear improved, but this finding is spurious, attributable instead to shifts in the characteristics of disease being diagnosed. Relying on survival rates to measure success in treating thyroid cancer may reinforce inappropriately aggressive management. Treatment decisions in thyroid cancer should be made based on mortality, not survival data. Cancer 2015;121:1793–1799. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
FNA, core biopsy, or both for the diagnosis of lung carcinoma: Obtaining sufficient tissue for a specific diagnosis and molecular testing
Authors: Coley Shana M. , Crapanzano John P. , Saqi Anjali
Published: February 2015

BACKGROUND

Increasingly, minimally invasive procedures are performed to assess lung lesions and stage lung carcinomas. In cases of advanced‐stage lung cancer, the biopsy may provide the only diagnostic tissue. The aim of this study was to determine which method—fine‐needle aspiration (FNA), core biopsy (CBx), or both (B)—is optimal for providing sufficient tissue for rendering a specific diagnosis and pursuing molecular studies for guiding tumor‐specific treatment.

METHODS

A search was performed for computed tomography–guided lung FNA, CBx, or B cases with rapid onsite evaluation. Carcinomas were assessed for the adequacy to render a specific diagnosis; this was defined as enough refinement to subtype a primary carcinoma or to assess a metastatic origin morphologically and/or immunohistochemically. In cases of primary lung adenocarcinoma, the capability of each modality to yield sufficient tissue for molecular studies (epidermal growth factor receptor, KRAS, or anaplastic lymphoma kinase) was also assessed.

RESULTS

There were 210 cases, and 134 represented neoplasms, including 115 carcinomas. For carcinomas, a specific diagnosis was reached in 89% of FNA cases (33 of 37), 98% of CBx cases (43 of 44), and 100% of B cases (34 of 34). For primary lung adenocarcinomas, adequate tissue remained to perform molecular studies in 94% of FNA cases (16 of 17), 100% of CBx cases (19 of 19), and 86% of B cases (19 of 22). No statistical difference was found among the modalities for either reaching a specific diagnosis (p = .07, Fisher exact test) or providing sufficient tissue for molecular studies (p = .30, Fisher exact test).

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest that FNA, CBx, and B are comparable for arriving at a specific diagnosis and having sufficient tissue for molecular studies: they specifically attained the diagnostic and prognostic goals of minimally invasive procedures for lung carcinoma. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:318–26. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Colour preference for Taiwanese floral pattern fabrics
Authors: Hsu Mei‐Yun , Ou Li‐Chen , Guan Shing‐Sheng
Published: February 2015

A psychophysical experiment was carried out to investigate factors affecting colour preference for Taiwanese floral pattern fabrics, as a case study of object colour preference. A total of 175 test images of Taiwanese fabrics were used as the stimuli presented on a calibrated computer display. The images were generated on the basis of 5 existing Taiwanese fabrics, each manipulated into 35 images by changing the fabric colour. The 35 colours were selected to cover the most frequently used colours for existing Taiwanese fabrics. The 175 test images were assessed by 76 Taiwanese observers in terms of 9 semantic scales, including Taiwanese style/non‐Taiwanese style, Japanese style/non‐Japanese style, splendid/plain, traditional/modern, active/passive, warm/cool, heavy/light, like/dislike and harmonious/disharmonious. The experimental results reveal two underlying factors: “Splendidness” and “Harmony.” The like/dislike response was found to highly correlate with harmonious/disharmonious, but have poor correlation with Taiwanese style/non‐Taiwanese style. The study also reveals several factors affecting colour preference for Taiwanese fabrics, including the interaction effect of colour and pattern, observer's general liking for the object, and the effect of user experience. These findings can help develop a more robust, comprehensive theory of object colour preference. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 43–55, 2016
An analytic measure of perceptual factors for color composition
Authors: Hu Guosheng , Sheng Ai , Zhang Yizhong , Pan Zhigeng , Zhang Mingmin
Published: February 2015

Color images are usually observed as integrated objects, or called color gestalt. That is why color effect of image is not only affected by the color components themselves, but also determined remarkably by the image constructive frame, which holds the colors. Although, previous researchers have already explored this issue, the conclusions are usually descriptive principles that one should keep in mind for color designing. Precise quantification for image composition of color gestalt is still an ignored field in color research domain. As the use of computer‐aided design (CAD) increases in the color design field, more quantifiable measures for constructive feature factors that affect color gestalt are needed. In this article, we introduce a three‐dimensional model of image composition that can both quantify the effect of color gestalt and rebuild image composition to acquire certain color effect for color combination. This method pioneers a new perspective of appreciating the influence of image construction on color combination effect, and a new way of researching color by affective computing or Kansei engineering technology. To test the feasibility of the scale model by a usage study, an interactive toolkit was also built. Practice has confirmed that this method is a technical meaning in application technically meaningful approach, and will spur further research on color composition. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 41, 165–174,
2016
Mitigation of Chemical Membrane Degradation in Fuel Cells: Understanding the Effect of Cell Voltage and Iron Ion Redox Cycle
Authors: Wong Ka Hung , Kjeang Erik
Published: February 2015

Chemical membrane degradation through the Fenton’s reaction is one of the main lifetime‐limiting factors for polymer‐electrolyte fuel cells. In this work, a comprehensive, transient membrane degradation model is developed to capture and elucidate the complex in situ degradation mechanism. A redox cycle of iron ions is discovered within the membrane electrolyte assembly, which sustains the FeII concentration and results in the most severe chemical degradation at open circuit voltage. The cycle strength is critically reduced at lower cell voltages, which leads to an exponential decrease in FeII concentration and associated membrane degradation rate. When the cell voltage is held below 0.7 V, a tenfold reduction in cumulative fluoride release is achieved, which suggests that intermediate cell voltage operation would efficiently mitigate chemical membrane degradation and extend the fuel cell lifetime.
Flow cytometric analysis of the graft‐versus‐Leukemia‐Effect After Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Mice
Authors: Schmidt Felix , Hilger Nadja , Oelkrug Christoper , Svanidze Ellen , Ruschpler Peter , Eichler Wolfram , Boldt Andreas , Emmrich Frank , Fricke Stephan
Published: February 2015

Acute Graft‐versus‐Host‐Disease (aGvHD) is one of the major complications following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Although rather helpful, the use of conventional immunosuppressive drugs leads to general immunosuppression and is toxic. The effects of CD4+ T‐cells, in respect to the development of aGvHD, can be altered by administration of antihuman CD4 monoclonal antibodies, here MAX.16H5 IgG1. This approach must be tested for possible interference with the Graft‐versus‐Leukemia‐Effect (GvL). Thus, in vitro experiments were conducted, exposing P815 leukemic cells to bone marrow and splenocytes from cd4−/−‐C57Bl/6 mice transgenic for human CD4 and HLA‐DR3 (triple transgenic mice, [TTG]) as well as previously irradiated splenocytes from Balb/cwt mice. Using flow cytometry, the vitality of the various malignant and graft cells was analyzed over the course of 4 days. The survival rate of P815 cells did not change significantly when exposed to MAX.16H5 IgG1, neither did the viability of the graft cells. This provides evidence that MAX.16H5 IgG1 does not impair the GvL effect in vitro. Additionally, P815‐Balb/cwt leukemic mice were transplanted with P815GFP cells, bone marrow, and splenocytes from TTG mice with and without MAX.16H5 IgG1. Without transplantation, P815GFP leukemic cells could be detected by flow cytometry in the liver, the bone marrow, and the spleen of recipients. The antibodies prevented aGvHD while leaving the GvL effect intact. These findings indicate no negative effect of MAX.16H5 IgG1 on the GvL effect in vitro and in vivo after HSCT in a murine model. © 2015 International Society for Advancement of Cytometry
Intelligent file transfer for smart handheld devices based on mobile cloud computing
Authors: Chen Lien‐Wu , Ho Yu‐Fan , Kuo Wei‐Ting , Tsai Ming‐Fong
Published: February 2015

Most methods of file transfer between mobile devices have to take considerable time to obtain and input target identifiers. To speed up file sharing of mobile devices, an intelligent file transfer framework is designed based on mobile cloud computing. Only single‐finger action is performed in the proposed framework, which just drags the file to the target face on the touchscreen of a mobile device. The dragged file can be transmitted to the target receiver who can either get the file immediately as her/his mobile device is online or receive the file later after connecting to the Internet. Our framework provides the following features: (i) users do not need to know the target identifier in advance; (ii) users do not need to input identity information by themselves; and (iii) users can select a specific target among multiple candidates from the camera of a mobile device. The intelligent file transfer framework reveals an efficient architecture and innovative user interfaces to transfer files between mobile devices, which can significantly reduce the complexity and difficulty of file sharing. An Android‐based prototype is implemented to verify the feasibility and superiority of our framework. Experimental results show that our approach outperforms existing schemes and can save large amounts of time in file sharing for mobile users. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.