bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
HUBUNGAN SELF MANAGEMENT DENGAN TINGKAT KEMANDIRIAN ACTIVITY DAILY LIVING (ADL) PADA PENDERITA PASCA STROKE
Authors: Laili Nurul , Taukhid M
Published: July 2023

Perubahan fisik akibat dari gejala sisa pasca Stroke mengakibatkan penderita sulit untuk melakukan aktivitas sehari-hari (Activity Daily Living/ADL) sehingga dapat menganggu kemandirian penderita. Tingkat kemandirian penderita dioptimalkan menjadi tidak bergantung orang lain melalui proses Self Management, untuk memberikan motivasi, semangat, dan pengelolaan emosi yang baik. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan Self Management dengan tingkat kemandirian pada penderita pasca Stroke di Rumah Sakit Amelia. Metode penelitian cross sectional. Populasi penelitian yaitu 60 responden. Melalui teknik purposive sampling didapatkan sampel sejumlah 52 responden. Alat ukur Self Management menggunakan kuesioner SSSMQ (The Southampton Stroke Self-Management Questionnaire) dan tingkat kemandirian Activity Daily Living (ADL) menggunakan Barthel Indeks yang dilakukan langsung di masing-masing rumah responden. Hasil penelitian didapatkan sebagian besar responden (82,7%) memiliki Self Management kategori baik dan sebagian besar responden (88,5%) tingkat kemandirian dalam kategori mandiri. Data dianalisis dengan Rank Spearmen menunjukkan  hasil p value 0,000 berarti ada hubungan Self Management dengan tingkat kemandirian pada penderita pasca Stroke. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi diantaranya faktor umur, jumlah serangan, fungsi anggota gerak, pendampingan ke rumah sakit dan pekerjaan. Penderita pasca Stroke dapat menerapkan Self Management yang baik dengan cara beradaptasi terhadap gejala sisa, melatih aktivitas diri dan mengontrol emosi saat beraktifitas.
Penentuan Material Requirement Planning II (MRP II) Guna Meningkatkan Sistem Persediaan Bahan Baku di PT. Mekar Armada Jaya
Authors: Sulistyaningsih Ambar Sari , Widodo Eko Muh , Rifa'i Affan
Published: July 2023

Departemen Produksi D83 T adalah departemen yang bergerak dalam bidang produksi assy spare part dalam bentuk produksi yang berdasarkan pada permintaan konsumen. Salah satu produknya adalah spare part 53201-BZ210 yang merupakan komponen pada mobil. Target yang harus dicapai adalah memenuhi permintaan konsumen. Namun dalam kenyataannya, permintaan konsumen setiap bulan tidak dapat terpenuhi karena kendala stock yang ada. Kekurangan dan kelebihan stock menjadi masalah yang ada pada PT Mekar Armada Jaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merencanakan dan mengendalikan bahan baku menggunakan metode Material Requirement Planning (MRP). Perencanaan kebutuhan material dengan menggunakan metode MRP dalam tulisan ini menggunakan metode lot sizing, dimana metode-metode lot sizing yang digunakan adalah Lot-for-lot, dan Economic Order Quantity, serta menggunakan rumus peramalan Trend Linear sebagai acuan untuk mengetahui besarnya kebutuhan bahan baku dimasa mendatang.
Demo Lessons and Peer Observation to Enhance Student Teachers’ Competencies and Exit Profiles
Authors: Orosz Agnes , Recino Uvaldo , Ochoa Maria Caridad
Published: July 2023

The research study was carried out at an Ecuadorian teacher training university and aimed at bridging the gap between the exit profile requirements of student teacher graduates and the syllabus of the subject called Teaching language skills. The objective was to establish how far demo lessons (such as microteaching sessions) can facilitate the training of student teachers, and prepare them for authentic teaching-learning situations at the beginning of their careers. A qualitative paradigm based on Action Research (AR) methodology was used in two consecutive cycles employing class observation, reflection and survey questions for feedback. In the first cycle, student teachers, who gave demo lessons on how to improve listening skills, were given feedback by the class teacher and their peers. In the second cycle, which aimed at mitigating the weaknesses identified by the observers and the class teacher in the first cycle, student teachers gave demo lessons on improving speaking skills. After the two cycles were completed, the 26 participants of the module were asked to provide responses to a survey questionnaire which specifically explored their perceptions on how far the demo lessons had helped them develop their professional competencies. The researchers conclude that observations of and reflections on the demo lessons benefited not only the class teacher, who was able to improve her methodology, but it also helped the student teachers since they could improve their teaching strategies and techniques to teach English. The student teachers’ answers to the survey questions proved that the activities associated with the demo lessons were considered effective for the development of their professional competencies as future teachers of English.
The systematic review in the field of management sciences
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Faculty of Organization and Management, Department of Logistics, Amjad Ayesha ,   Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE) University of Coimbra, Portugal, Kordel Piotr ,   Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Fernandes Gabriela ,   Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE) University of Coimbra, Portugal
Published: July 2023

Purpose: A literature review is a thorough summary of the prior research in a topic that has been carried out by other scientists. For a novice researcher, a systematic literature review is the most important and standard step. The scientific discipline determines the methodology for systematic literature reviews. Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive overview of the literature relevant to a research issue is provided by a systematic literature review, which also synthesizes earlier work to broaden our understanding of a particular topic. It adheres to the principles of accessibility and bias reduction. Although management research is a growing, complex, and dynamic field, relatively little has been published on how management researchers may employ systematic literature reviews Findings: This systematic review on a clearly defined subject that uses systematic and explicit processes to identify, select, and critically assess relevant research, and to acquire and analyse data from the research projects that are part of the review. Practical implications: In order to comprehend the purpose of systematic reviews, we explain one and talk about its rationale. Next, we discuss how conducting systematic literature reviews may enhance management research and correct its shortcomings. We provide a thorough manual to do systematic literature reviews, outlining the steps to follow and providing advice for effective implementation Originality/value: This review article, focus on the methodology adopted for the literature review in the field of management sciences. Keywords: Systematic reviews, Methodology, Management sciences. Category of the paper: Review article.
Impact of EU allowances cost on the financial results of Polish power companies
Authors:   University of Gdansk, Faculty of Management, Jerzemowska Magdalena , Krzywdziński Krzysztof ,   University of Gdansk, Faculty of Management
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of the article is to estimate the impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and return on investment in the portfolio of shares of four listed power companies, i.e., Enea S.A., Energa S.A., PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna S.A., and TAURON Polska Energia S.A. Design/methodology/approach: Financial analysis of energy groups. Statistical analysis, a linear regression model with 6 independent variables and the dependent variable, i.e., the return on investment in the portfolio of shares of the analyzed companies. The studies cover the years 2016-2021. Findings: The results of the financial analysis show that the analyzed energy groups did not always could include increased operating costs in the price of energy sold in 2016-2021? The linear regression analysis did not indicate that the decrease in the profitability of investments in the shares of the surveyed companies can be explained by the increase in the prices of EU Allowances. Research limitation/implications: The inability to determine the unequivocal impact of the EU Allowances price increase on the financial results and share prices of the considered companies can be explained by the number of operating segments in the energy groups, the outbreak of the COVID pandemic and negative GDP in 2020, and the "upward rebound" of the economy after the pandemic and high GDP in 2021. Practical implications: The analysis is useful for shareholders of electricity companies and politicians who create regulations concerning the Polish energy policy. The results of the study are useful to all stakeholders of electricity companies. Social influence: The high costs of EU Allowances affect electricity prices for the Polish society and prove very high CO2 emissions when producing electricity in Poland. Originality/value: The conducted financial analysis and regression analysis are one of the first attempts to indicate the impact of the increase in the cost of CO2 emission allowances on the financial results and share prices of Polish energy companies. The article contributes to reducing the research gap existing in Polish literature in this area. Keywords: power companies, EU Emissions Trading System, EU Allowances (EUA), regression analysis. Category of the paper: research paper.
Technological conditions for Logistics 4.0 development
Authors:   University of Economics in Katowice, Kansy Dominika
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The publication presents the results of an analysis of the popularity of technologies used in logistics based on published technical literature. The aim of the work was to determine the participation of individual types of technologies in the development of Logistics 4.0. In the Industry 4.0 policy implemented in highly developed countries, logistics development is referred to as “Logistics 4.0”. Methodology: The work is based on the analysis of empirical data describing the topics of the application of the latest information technology and other technologies related to the fourth industrial revolution. The scope of the analysis covers technologies developed between 2014-2022. Findings: Based on the investigation, the major technological subfields of Big Data, Cloud computing and networking, Business Intelligence and other, Internet of Things, and Hardware have been proposed as the core utility categories of technologies in Logistics 4.0. Originality/value: The analysis can be useful for practical aims, e.g., while planning logistics 4.0 trainings, enterprising technical investments, but also for scientific and educational objectives. Keywords: Industry 4.0, Logistics 4.0, IoT, Big Data, Cloud computing, ICT. Category of the paper: Case study, literature review.
Chinese FDI in Poland and the Czech Republic – inflows, determinants and challenges
Authors:   Opole University of Technology, Faculty of Economics and Management, Łukaniszyn-Domaszewska Katarzyna , Mazur-Włodarczyk Katarzyna ,   Opole University of Technology, Faculty of Economics and Management, Karaś Elżbieta ,   Opole University of Technology, Faculty of Economics and Management
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The objective of this paper is to present Chinese investment flows and the nature of participation, to analyze the differences between host countries, and to identify the determinants of Chinese FDI in Poland and the Czech Republic. Design/methodology/approach: Comparison of the specifics of Chinese direct investments in Poland and the Czech Republic. Findings: The nature of Chinese investment in Europe is changing. After years of being dominated by mergers and acquisitions, Chinese investment in Europe is now more focused on greenfield projects. In 2021, greenfield investments reached €3.3 billion, the highest ever recorded, and accounted for nearly one- third of all Chinese FDI. More recently, the volume of Chinese FDI in Europe has reached the level of European FDI in China (now constrained by restrictions and risks). It matched the level of FDI by Chinese companies in the United States before declining over the past two years, generally due to Covid-19 and the war in Ukraine. Chinese economic presence in Europe can be divided into three areas based on size, destination, and type of acquisition: The core of Europe is formed by the three major target countries (Germany, UK, France), where more capital-intensive investments are made, followed by other Western European countries (EU-15). The new member states (NMS), which joined the EU in 2004, 2007 and 2013, as well as the Western Balkan countries in the process of accession, are associated with China in the 16+1 format (with the exception of Kosovo) and form another gateway to Europe. Due to fewer market opportunities, they receive less direct investment, but China is building infrastructure (ports, highways, railroads) - segments of the Silk Road that will bring Chinese products to mature EU markets (Richtet, 2019). It is unlikely that Chinese investment in Europe will recover in 2023. The Chinese government is expected to maintain strict capital controls, financial retrenchment, and Covid-19 restrictions. The war in Ukraine and the expansion of regulations to monitor and control Chinese investments in the EU and the UK will cause additional difficulties. Originality/value: The article could be an attempt to answer the question of combining macroeconomic and institutional factors to better understand the internationalization of firms (Dunning, Lundan, 2008). There is no doubt, that the Covid-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine made it necessary to deepen the study of the phenomenon of FDI, its inflows, determinants, and related challenges in a turbulent world. Keywords: foreign direct investments (FDI), People's Republic of China, Czech Republic, Poland, international relationships. Category of the paper: Research paper.
Changes in the technical condition of vehicle brakes compared to 2014 year
Authors:   Politechnika Śląska, Katedra Transportu i Inżynierii Lotniczej, Miros Michał
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the tests is to determine whether and to what extent there has been a change in the parameters of the car's braking system, assessed during the technical inspection. Design/methodology/approach: Diagnostic tests were performed, braking force measurements on a roller device, the following were analyzed: differences in braking force on axle wheels, non-linear increases in braking force, deceleration of braking force, changes in the value of braking force. Findings: Changes in the technical condition of vehicle braking systems in 2022 compared to 2014 were demonstrated. Research limitations/implications: In the future, a trend line of changes in the technical condition of vehicle braking systems can be created. Practical implications: In the course of the research, it was found that the technical tests made it possible to determine the direction of positive changes in the technical condition of the braking systems in the tested vehicles, which translates into vehicle safety in road traffic. Originality/value: Changes in the condition of the brake system in 2022 compared to 2014. Keywords: Safety and quality of transport, braking system, changes of conditions. Category of the paper: Technical paper.
Development and financing of infrastructure investments to shape sustainable and resilient mobility
Authors:   Institute of Logistics and Informatics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz, Motowidlak Urszula , Motowidlak Tomasz ,   Institute of International Economics, Faculty of Economics and Sociology, University of Lodz
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of the study is to identify the essential attributes that determine the development of a sustainable, innovative and resistant to disruption transport infrastructure and to answer two research questions: How to shape models for the development of sustainable and innovative transport infrastructure, while maintaining the logistic continuity of mobility and transport systems? and What actions should organizations take in the conditions of permanent change in order to maintain operational efficiency and cost-effectiveness of implemented investments, not only thinking about the possible return of the pandemic, but also about increasingly difficult access to resources, climate change and social needs? Design/methodology/approach: The research methods and techniques used included, among others: content analysis, cause and effect analysis, selected methods of qualitative and quantitative analysis, which were used to present and discuss the results of the study. Findings: Searching for methods of operationalization of the implementation of the assumptions of the new development paradigm, a conceptual framework for the model of sustainable development of transport infrastructure was developed. EU programs and instruments supporting the financing of activities in the field of development of sustainable, innovative and resilient transport infrastructure were reviewed. Attributes were indicated so that the development would strive for the simultaneous implementation of economic, social and environmental goals. Research limitations/implications: The study did not measure the sustainability of infrastructure investments in transport. The precondition for successfully performing such a task is the availability of an accurate data set and the selection of appropriate measurement indicators. This has implications for future research. Practical implications: One of the key challenges in cities is making decisions about investments in the development of economically effective, environmentally safe and socially important transport infrastructure. Hence, the development of algorithmic approaches that allow the use of the proposed qualitative model may contribute to improving the efficiency in making investment decisions. Originality/value: The originality of the conducted research was achieved through its measurable character. The proposed model can contribute to the improvement of decision- making tools in the field of allocation of public and other funds for investments, so that they contribute to the sustainability of mobility systems. Keywords: transport infrastructure, sustainable development, financial instruments. Category of the paper: research paper.
Organization of reverse engineering using modern calculation methods in the process of reproducing a gears
Authors:   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Pacana Andrzej , Pacana Jacek ,   Faculty of Mechanical Engineering and Aeronautics, Rzeszow University of Technology, Straka Martin ,   Faculty of Mining, Ecology, Process Control and Geotechnologies, Technical University of Košice, Woźny Artur ,   Faculty of Management, Rzeszow University of Technology
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The main purpose of this article is to present modern possibilities for the reproduction of a machine element. If there are no replacements for the damaged part, and there is no technical documentation, then the only options is to use reverse engineering (RE) methods to reproduce it. Design/methodology/approach: On the example of a damaged gear, the process of measuring the wheel and manufacturing a physical model using 3D printing. An additional step has been added to the classic reverse engineering process to modify the model to improve its strength. Findings: Strength analysis was carried out in the Abaqus program using the finite element method (FEM). Based on the results obtained, it was proposed to change the tooth profile of the gear, which will improve its durability. Research limitations/implications: An extension of the proposed scheme may be a modification of the production process in order to implement the reverse engineering method to the serial production of machine elements. Practical implications: The use of a modified reverse engineering (RE) process will not only allow the components to be reproduced but will also allow extended uptime of the components, and this will reduce production costs. Originality/value: The proposed new reverse engineering process can be successfully used to reconstruct machine components with even very complex shapes. The digital model obtained as a result of scanning has been used to improve the geometry of the toothed rim, but it can be successfully used for other analyses, research, or calculations. Keywords: reverse engineering (RE), rapid prototyping (RP), finite element method (FEM), reconstruction process, gear. Category of the paper: Research paper.
A new approach to purchase in domestic SMEs
Authors:   Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Faculty of Management, Prałat Ewa
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The main objective of the paper is to determine the way purchases are carried out in small and medium-sized domestic enterprises. In particular, the following research questions are asked: (1) in which activities do they use the Internet? (2) How willing are they to use electronic tools in purchases? (3) Have supply chain problems arising primarily from the COVID-19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine changed the buying habits of companies? Design/methodology/approach: SMEs were selected as the subject of the research. The questionnaire study was quantitative in nature. Findings: The specificity of purchasing in SMEs results mainly from a different way of managing organisations and often from a different approach to cooperation with suppliers. Research results show that small and medium companies are using the Internet increasingly in particular phases of the purchase process. They are becoming convinced (albeit slowly) of the electronic solutions available in the area of purchasing and appreciate their advantages. Supply chains and consumerization of B2B purchasing contribute to changing the approach of SMEs and popularising electronic tools. Research limitations/implications: The article contains a preliminary study. In the future, additional research is planned on a comparison of the use of electronic solutions in the procurement of SMEs in individual industries and in different countries. Originality/value: The article presents a detailed analysis of the reasons for the specificity of SMEs’ purchase. In addition, the results of research on the use of electronic tools on the Internet in the purchasing process are discussed. The conclusions of the research are important for domestic SMEs and organisations that support the development of this sector. Keywords: purchasing, electronic tools, supply chains, SME sector. Category of the paper: Research paper.
Towards change – from classical to contemporary approaches and classification of innovation
Authors:   University of Economics in Katowice, Faculty of Management, Reformat Beata
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to capture the changes taking place in terms of capturing innovations, as well as the types of innovations emerging from them, characteristic of two research streams: classical and contemporary. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology applied in the article refers to the methodological canon of management sciences, including, among others, conceptual- theoretical research methodology. On their basis, a critical analysis of foreign and Polish literature on the subject in the field of management science, partly marketing and economics, was carried out. At the same time, a descriptive method and a comparative method were used to interpret and analyze the collected material. Findings: Significant changes taking place in the definition and classification of innovations by selected representatives of the studied currents were recognized. Significant factors causing these changes were identified, as well as the new values that appear in them. On this basis, it was shown that the understanding of innovation is significantly expanded over the years, because of which it should be considered incomplete. This justifies the continuing need to analyze emerging approaches and types of innovation. Research limitations/implications: The analysis of the subject matter in the proposed methodological approach makes it possible to systematize the knowledge of innovation in terms of defining the category "innovation" and its typology. Thus, it increases the recognition of the changes that accompany them. The important role of the factor of time, environment, information technology, values, and new needs of the recipients of innovations in the studied process is recognized. Originality/value: Deepening and updating the knowledge of defining categories of innovation and their classification. Evaluation of progressive changes in the scope of the concepts studied. Keywords: innovation, change, development, classifications of innovation. Category of the paper: A literature review.
Assessment of the financial situation of rural municipalities in Poland depending on the activity of their inhabitants in the development of non-agricultural business activity
Authors:   Rzeszow University of Technology, Sołtysiak Mirosław , Zając Dariusz ,   University of Rzeszow
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the article is to identify and assess the financial situation of rural communes in Poland depending on the activity of their inhabitants in undertaking and developing non-agricultural economic activity. Design/methodology/approach: The financial situation of rural communes in Poland was identified and assessed depending on the activity of their inhabitants in undertaking and developing non-agricultural economic activity. The empirical material of the article applies to both the whole country and all rural communes in Poland. Numerical data come from the Local Data Bank of the Central Statistical Office in Warsaw and concerns 2019-2021. The empirical material collected and ordered was developed in a descriptive, tabular, and graphic form, using the comparative analysis method. Furthermore, a point assessment of all diagnostic characteristics was performed that illustrates the financial situation of rural communes in Poland against the background of the entire country for the years 2019-2021. Findings: The analysis of statistical data has confirmed the research hypothesis, which assumes that the financial situation of rural communes in Poland is related to the activity of their inhabitants in undertaking and developing non-agricultural business activity, with it clearly the best in units with high activity of residents in this area. Originality/value: The originality of the work is the original approach to the analysis of the research issues undertaken. For the use of the research, the article combined and uses an original indicator of residents' activity in the development of non-agricultural economic activity in a given local government unit (commune) against the background of the country and other local government units (communes). In addition, the financial situation of the examined local government units was also assessed in the context of the country. The work is addressed primarily to local government officials responsible for public local government finances, as well as for conditions and possibilities and directions of local socioeconomic development of rural communes in Poland. Keywords: financial situation, rural communes in Poland, economic activity of residents, non-agricultural economic activity Category of the paper: research paper.
Relationship between environmental innovation and sustainable outcomes – empirical evidence from Poland
Authors:   Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Management, Walecka-Jankowska Katarzyna , Mrzygłocka-Chojnacka Jagoda ,   Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of Management
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The article refers to a valid and current research area related to business sustainability. The main objective of this article is to identify the relationship between different types of environmental innovations and sustainable outcomes. Design/methodology/approach: For the needs of this article, the researches were conducted in 293 companies operating in Poland. In the course of the research, an additional division of environmental innovations derived from the Oslo Manual classification was taken into account, and the following were distinguished: environmental process innovations, environmental product innovations, environmental organizational innovations, and environmental marketing innovations. In addition, for the analysis of sustainable business performance, it was divided into economic, environmental, and social performance. The relation between the level of types of innovation and organizational outcomes is examined for each of these categories, and three models are presented. Findings: Empirical research confirmed that different types of environmental innovations are essential factors for sustainable outcomes and, as a result, their growth. Research also revealed differences and similarities between different sustainable outcomes and their relationship to innovations of different types. Research limitations/implications: First, although outcomes were measured using subjective indicators consisting of a limited number of items, using objective indicators or collecting data through in-depth interviews would have provided more detailed data. Second, increasing the size of the research sample and expanding the research to include companies operating in other countries (replication of research) would allow for generalization of the results, as the results obtained may be specific to companies operating in Poland. Originality/value: The main value of this article is a broad and holistic view, which made it possible to use the four types of environmental innovations and link them in the model to organizational outcomes and clarify the relationship between them. It seems crucial to take a systemic view of what innovations collectively build the model and to note that organizational innovation appears as an element present in each of the models obtained. Thus, it is an indication that organizational activities should support process, marketing, or product innovations to lead to sustainable results of environmental innovation implementation. Keywords: business sustainability, environmental innovations, sustainable outcomes, management. Category of the paper: Research paper.
Evaluation of design maturity models for usability in the it industry
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Wojciechowska Agata ,   Joint School of Doctors of the Silesian University of Technolog
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The ability of an enterprise to execute projects, using the tools appropriate to do so, is called project maturity. On the other hand, at a higher level of detail, it is seen as the appropriate selection of a portfolio of projects, in such a way that the implementation of given projects is directed to support the goals and strategies of the enterprise, as well as the ability to apply appropriate project management tools and techniques. Accelerating changes in the company's environment, cause them to be forced to implement project management, in order to increase flexibility and standardization, so that activities become more professional. In sum, this translates into better financial health of the enterprise, a better position among competitors and, what is related to this, gaining new markets for their products and services. Project maturity models provide a starting point for conducting an analysis of the current state of the enterprise and indicate the direction or directions in which the enterprise should develop. The purpose of this article is to present the results of a usability analysis of project maturity models for an IT enterprise. The following models are presented in it: PMMM (The Kerzner Project Management Maturity Model) - developed by H. Kerzner; P3M3 (Portfolio, Program and Project Management Maturity Model) - developed by the Office of Government Commerce; OPM3 (Organizational Project Management Maturity Model) - developed by the Project Management Institute; P2MM (PRINCE2 Maturity Model) - developed by the Office of Government Commerce. The essence of project maturity, the project approach and its operation and improvement in management systems is also discussed. Design/methodology/approach: The article is exploratory in nature, and the primary research was conducted using the expert interview method. Research limitations/implications: Future research should focus on further analysis of both design and process maturity models. Practical implications: The research discussed in this article can contribute to further empirical research, including, among other things, the initiation of work on the development of a project maturity model aimed at the IT industry. Social implications: The practical implications of the research involve the possibility of using IT to improve existing maturity models and practical implementation in IT companies. Originality/value: The main value of the article is the analysis of models past IT practitioners, and the overview presented is based on existing and used maturity models. Keywords: project management, project maturity, project maturity models, enterprise maturity. Category of the paper: General review, Research paper.
Industry 5.0 – characteristic, main principles, advantages and disadvantages
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Organization and Management Department, Economics and Informatics Institute, Wolniak Radoslaw
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to analyze the Industry 5.0 concept and compare it with Industry 4.0. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: Industry 5.0 offers several benefits that make it worth adopting in manufacturing industries, including improved efficiency, greater quality control, sustainability, enhanced worker safety, improved customer experience, cost savings, competitive advantage, increased innovation, and positive social impact. By integrating human creativity and intuition with advanced machinery and technology, Industry 5.0 promises to create a more sustainable, flexible, and socially responsible manufacturing environment that delivers higher quality products and more meaningful jobs. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the Industry 5.0. Keywords: Industry 4.0; innovation, industrial enterprise, design thinking, innovativeness. Category of the paper: literature review.
Smart mobility in a smart city concept
Authors:   Silesian University of Technology, Organization and Management Department, Economics and Informatics Institute, Wolniak Radosław
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of this publication is to present the most important features with which the smart mobility approach is characterized. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: In a smart city, smart mobility also plays an important role in environmental protection. Modern modes of transportation, such as electric cars and urban bicycles, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Thus, smart mobility contributes to improving air quality and the health of residents. As part of the smart city, smart mobility is also seen as part of improving traffic safety. Smart traffic monitoring systems and rapid response to dangerous situations, such as collisions or accidents, can help minimize accidents and collisions. Smart mobility is also one of the key elements of a smart city, which contributes to improving the quality of life for city residents by increasing mobility, reducing air pollution, improving road safety and introducing innovative transportation solutions. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the smart mobility in smart city. Keywords: smart mobility, smart city, quality of life, biking. Category of the paper: literature review.
Research on students’ perception of information technology security – a new era of threats
Authors:   University of Zielona Góra, Faculty of Economics and Management, Zarębska Joanna , Howis Natalia ,   University of Zielona Góra, Barska Małgorzata ,   Zielona Góra Police Department
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of the article is to diagnose the level of students’ awareness about the security of information technology, the risks associated with it, attitudes towards threats and to identify the way of obtaining knowledge about it, protecting oneself against cyber fraud. Design/methodology/approach: The achievements and results presented in the article were obtained on the basis of literature research and surveys conducted among 119 students. The research technique was a standardized questionnaire completed without the presence of an interviewer via a website. Findings: On the basis of the obtained quantitative research results, the basic threats related to the use of information technology were identified, the level of students' awareness of cybersecurity and the sources of their knowledge on the subject were assessed. Research limitations/implications: The analysis of the obtained opinions of students is only a signal of the problem of the needed changes in education on cyber security, threats and opportunities to protect against cybercrime. Research should be extended to other stakeholder groups (e.g. due to age, education, type of work performed) and in a larger area of threats. Competences of students in the field of cybersecurity as future employees are very important, as they affect the willingness to adapt and the level of involvement in new technologies. Practical implications: The results of the survey have a practical impact on the Police as a source of information on the general knowledge of students in the field of cybersecurity, where they meet it, where they get information about protecting themselves against the threat. Originality/value: Original research achievements include valuable research results in the area of cybersecurity among the young generation of students. Their knowledge and ability to protect, use and responsibly deal in the area of information technology security is important now and in the future. This ability also indicates gaps and/or appropriate directions of education in the topic in question. Keywords: information technology security, cybersecurity, online safety, grandson scams. Category of the paper: research work.
The e-commerce market in conditions of uncertainty – development perspectives. Case study
Authors:   University of Economics in Katowice, Żmijowska Paulina
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The aim of the article is to present the development perspective of the e-commerce market area and courier services, taking into account the time of uncertainty (the prospect of a pandemic), based on selected data from the Pointpack company and secondary data. Design/methodology/approach: The topic includes an analysis (case study) based on the example of Pointpack and data that has been examined by experts, as well as secondary data, a report on the state of the e-commerce market in Poland. Findings: The analysis showed a significant development of the e-commerce market and consumer activity despite the times of uncertainty (pandemic, war). Research limitations/implications: The research has been limited to data obtained from a single source and limited resources (a selected segment of the market and consumers), hence future research can be extended to different levels and theoretical areas. It is important to conduct further research in this area to increase their universality. An interesting comparative study would be an analysis of consumer behavior in the perspective of sending and receiving parcels in selected regions of the country. Practical implications: The described data and case study analyzes may indicate to organizations that the introduction of courier services to points of sale (or service) is today a necessity and a future in acquiring new customers. Social implications: The development of the e-commerce market associated with sending and collecting parcels in stores contributes to the development of CSR attitudes of the organization by reducing carbon dioxide to the environment and building responsible customer attitudes. Originality/value: Case study. Keywords: e-commerce, management, business management, enterprise.
Industry 4.0 workforce: encyclopedia of the digital professions by groups of technological innovation
Authors:   Industrial Informatics Department, Silesian University of Technology, Gajdzik Bożena , Štverková Hana ,   Department of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics, VSB-Technical University of Ostrava, Czech Republic
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of the paper was the need to systematise the digital professions of Industry 4.0. With the development of new technologies, the demand for new employees is increasing. Companies need more and more employees with digital skills. The question arises: who do companies need for their Industry 4.0 strategy. Design/methodology/approach: The paper consists of two parts: an overview of the competences of the Industry 4.0 workforce and a list of IT professions. The list of occupations is based on a review of government websites: www.praca.gov.pl; www.prace.cz. The paper presents occupations according to the innovative technologies of Industry 4.0. Findings: Demand for employees is driven by the key technologies of Industry 4.0. The analysis of IT professions is presented by the following technologies: ITC systems and networks, automation and robots online, AI, Big Data, Big Data Analytics, IoT, Cloud Computing, Cybersecurity. Research limitations/implications: The list of professions included in the paper is not complete, but exemplary (it was made on the basis of job offers posted on the websites in December 2022). The list was created during a review of Polish and Czech government websites, which are both job listings and encyclopedias of occupations. Practical implications: This paper is an overview of IT professions that are particularly needed in Industry 4.0. The prepared description of professions according to the innovative technologies of Industry 4.0 can help companies plan the development of human resources. Originality/value: The topic of the human factor in Industry 4.0 is important and topical. Technologies are constantly changing and industrial concepts are evolving (currently Industry 4.0 is changing into Industry 5.0). In the technological and industrial innovations taking place, the question of the competence of the modern company's employee is still relevant. Keywords: Industry 4.0, workforce, digital skills, digital professions. Category of the paper: general analysis.
Barriers and determinants of restructuring employment in the mining industry under the just transformation mechanism. Survey results
Authors: Hetmańczyk Piotr
Published: July 2023

Purpose: The purpose of using the method is to obtain information on the social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry, taking into account the phase of design, implementation, monitoring and impact assessment for the industry and local communities. Design/methodology/approach: The theses presented in the article have been verified using: literature review, critical literature analysis, document research and comparative analysis. The article presents a research method enabling social assessment of barriers and determinants of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry under the just transition mechanism. The method of researching the social perception of the hard coal mining employment restructuring process, due to the specificity and complexity of the issue under consideration, uses various, mutually complementary methods and techniques of social research: quantitative and qualitative. Findings: As a result of the analyzes and surveys carried out, a set of conclusions can be presented, the most important of which include conclusions relating to social issues – implementation of the economic transformation in mining communes and poviats is possible in the coming years, but the communes are not prepared for the transformation. The negative effects of the employment restructuring process on the local economy may be noticeable in significant liquidation of enterprises cooperating with entities restructuring industry, reduction of revenues to the budget of local government authorities and reduction of demand on the local market. Originality/value: The article enriches knowledge and develops a discussion in the area of social perception of the employment restructuring process in the mining industry. The attempt to capture the phenomena and processes presented here that may result from the transformation of hard coal mining in Poland is aimed at a better comprehension of the task that may be played by the local government in the area of which operating or closed mines and mining companies are located. On the basis of the results of the survey, it is mainly noticed that there is a need to define the challenges and tasks that should be undertaken in real action by the institutions responsible for the transformation of mining communes – especially due to the need to limit the social and economic consequences that may appear in the transformation process, both in the area of mining communes mining and in their surroundings. Keywords: human being, economy, region, model, restructuring. Category of the paper: Research paper.
The current epidemiological analysis and measures taken by the Republic of Poland to combat deadly infectious corona virus disease
Authors:   Faculty of Organization and Management, Silesian University of Technology, Iqbal Ayesha ,   Centre for Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Processes (CEMMPRE) University of Coimbra, Portugal
Published: July 2023

Purpose: This article aims to provide an overview of the current situation of COVID-19 in the Republic of Poland, including the measures taken by the government to combat and prevent the virus epidemic. Methodology: The authors conducted a review of available literature and data sources related to the COVID-19 situation in Poland. Information was gathered from official government websites, academic journals, news articles, and other relevant sources. Findings: Poland is actively taking steps to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, including enhancing testing facilities, increasing the budget for infectious hospitalization, initiating a national immunization program, and implementing strict regulatory measures against SARS-CoV-2. However, despite these efforts, the country is currently facing a surge in cases due to the emergence of the Omicron variant. Practical implications: The information presented in this article can be useful for policymakers, healthcare professionals, and the general public in understanding the current COVID-19 situation in Poland and the measures being taken to combat the virus. This knowledge can help inform decisions related to public health policies and individual behaviors to prevent the spread of COVID-19. Originality: While there are many articles available on the COVID-19 pandemic, this article specifically focuses on the situation in the Republic of Poland, providing a detailed overview of the measures being taken by the government and the available facilities to the public. This article also highlights the impact of the Omicron variant on Poland, which is a current and rapidly evolving situation Keywords: Corona Virus, Pandemic, Preventing Measures, Republic of Poland, Current updates.