bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Cell Viability and Chemical Composition of Six Latest Generation Orthodontic Wires
Authors: Escobar Lina M. , Rivera Jaime Rodrigo , Arbelaez Eliana , Torres Luisa F. , Villafañe Andrea , Díaz-Báez David , Mora Ingrid , Lafaurie Gloria I. , Tanaka Midori
Published: January 2021

Orthodontic wires are made of alloys containing different metals, including nickel. It is important to evaluate their biocompatibility prior to use, owing to their long-term use in patients. This in vitro study compared the cytotoxicity and chemical composition of six latest orthodontic wires: Fantasia®, Tanzo®, FLI®, NT3®, DuoForce®, and Gummetal®. The before-use group consisted of wires that were not used in the mouth, and the after-use group consisted of wires that were used in the mouth for two months. The wires were placed in contact with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) for 72 h, and cytotoxicity was determined using the resazurin test. The chemical composition and surface characterisation were evaluated by spectrometry and scanning electron microscopy. The groups were compared using ANOVA and Kruskal–Wallis test. Only the FLI® wires produced a 36% reduction in HGF viability (

p
<
0.05

) and presented greater irregularities and loss of polymer structure. After-use wires showed a significant reduction in the percentage of nickel and the appearance of new elements (oxygen and carbon). Therefore, it can be concluded that no toxic ion release was noticed in this study. Rhodium-coated wires were more stable than PTFE-coated wires, and only the FLI® wires showed a slight cytotoxic effect.
Tumor Tissue- versus Plasma-based Genotyping for Selection of Matched Therapy and Impact on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Metastatic Breast Cancer
Authors: Vidula Neelima , Niemierko Andrzej , Malvarosa Giuliana , Yuen Megan , Lennerz Jochen , Iafrate A. John , Wander Seth A. , Spring Laura , Juric Dejan , Isakoff Steven , Younger Jerry , Moy Beverly , Ellisen Leif W. , Bardia Aditya
Published: January 2021

Purpose:

Actionable mutations can guide genotype-directed matched therapy. We evaluated the utility of tissue-based and plasma-based genotyping for the identification of actionable mutations and selection of matched therapy in patients with metastatic breast cancer (MBC).

Experimental Design:

Patients with MBC who underwent tissue genotyping (institutional platform, 91-gene assay) or plasma-based cell-free DNA (cfDNA, Guardant360, 73-gene assay) between January 2016 and December 2017 were included. A chart review of records to identify subtype, demographics, treatment, outcomes, and tissue genotyping or cfDNA results was performed. The incidence of actionable mutations and the selection of matched therapy in tissue genotyping or cfDNA cohorts was determined. The impact of matched therapy status on overall survival (OS) in tissue genotyping or cfDNA subgroups was determined with Cox regression analysis.

Results:

Of 252 patients who underwent cfDNA testing, 232 (92%) had detectable mutations, 196 (78%) had actionable mutations, and 86 (34%) received matched therapy. Of 118 patients who underwent tissue genotyping, 90 (76%) had detectable mutations, 59 (50%) had actionable mutations, and 13 (11%) received matched therapy. For cfDNA patients with actionable mutations, matched versus nonmatched therapy was associated with better OS [HR 0.41, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.23–0.73, P = 0.002], and this remained significant in a multivariable analysis correcting for age, subtype, visceral metastases, and brain metastases (HR = 0.46, 95% CI: 0.26–0.83, P = 0.010).

Conclusions:

Plasma-based genotyping identified high rates of actionable mutations, which was associated with significant application of matched therapy and better OS in patients with MBC.

See related commentary by Rugo and Huppert, p. 3275
Collapsing FSGS with Concurrent Class 2 and 3 Lupus Nephritis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature
Authors: Vanood Aimen , Owen Ryan , Maraskine Marina , Schreiber Ariyon , Pokharel Rajesh , Cohen Lisa
Published: January 2021

Lupus nephritis (LN) and the collapsing variant of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (cFSGS) are separate histologic diagnoses that are generally thought to have separate etiologies. We describe the presentation of a 20-year-old African American female with advanced renal failure (creatinine 7.16 mg/dL), nephrotic-range proteinuria, and a 30-pound weight loss. Renal biopsy demonstrated class 2 and 3 LN as well as cFSGS. A review of the current literature demonstrates that the dual diagnosis of LN and cFSGS may not be as rare as previously understood. Whether the presence of one of these pathophysiologic processes predisposes a patient to the development of the other, or whether genetic variation increases the risk for development of both conditions, remains unclear. Currently there is no standard therapy to manage these patients, and overall renal prognosis is poor.
A Review of Neuroimaging in Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases
Authors: Sobański Michał , Zacharzewska-Gondek Anna , Waliszewska-Prosół Marta , Sąsiadek Marek Jan , Zimny Anna , Bladowska Joanna
Published: January 2021

Purpose: Due to the variety of clinical symptoms that occur in rare neurodegenerative diseases and difficulties in the correct diagnosis, there is a need to learn their characteristic imaging findings by using conventional MRI. That knowledge helps to determine the appropriate differential diagnosis and avoid misdiagnosis. The aim of this review is to present the typical neuroimaging signs of the selected neurodegenerative disorders and to create a practical approach to imaging findings useful in everyday clinical practice. Images: Images of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), corticobasal degeneration (CBD), Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Wilson’s disease (WD), and cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) are provided to visualize and distinguish the typical features of those diseases and therefore to assist neurologists and neuroradiologists in decision-making process. Conclusions: It is important to know the characteristic MRI features of rare neurodegenerative diseases and to use them in everyday clinical practice. MRI is a valuable tool when considering the initial diagnosis because it is proven to be very useful in the differentiation of more advanced stages of the rare neurodegenerative diseases but also from other neurodegenerative disorders.
Outcomes of Zoledronic Acid Use in Paediatric Conditions
Authors: Lim Angelina , Simm Peter J. , James Simon , Lee Samantha Lai-Ka , Zacharin Margaret
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Limited evidence is available concerning experience with use of zoledronic acid (ZA) and treatment for conditions other than primary bone fragility. Materials and Methods: A retrospective review of all Royal Children Hospital patients who had been administered at least 1 dose of intravenous ZA from 2002 to 2015 was undertaken. Results: The audit included 309 children with 228 being treated for bone fragility conditions. Of the 228, 68 had height-adjusted lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-scores available over up to a 5-year period, and median increases were +2.0 SD (median absolute deviation = 0.9) (N = 36, p value for median increase of at least 0.5 in Z-score <0.001), for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta or other primary bone fragility disorders, +1.0 SD (0.9) (N = 14, p = 0.029), for immobility conditions, +0.5 SD (0.7) (N = 10, p = 0.399), and for glucocorticoid-induced secondary osteoporosis, +0.7 SD (0.6) (N = 8, p = 0.015). 81/309 children were treated for bone abnormality indications (e.g., avascular necrosis [AVN], fibrous dysplasia, and bone cysts). Of 39 with AVN, outcome data were available for 33, with joint integrity maintained for 24/33 from 6 to 24 months after last ZA, subjective reports (22/28) of reduced pain. Reduction in bone lesion size was seen in 2/4 patients with bone cysts within 12 months of ZA commencement. Discussion/Conclusion: This is the largest cohort of reported outcomes of ZA use in a paediatric population. Results demonstrate a good efficacy profile and associated improved bone density for osteoporotic conditions and stabilization of non-traumatic AVN with a low rate of joint collapse.
Fatal Cerebral Vasospasm following a Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis in a Young Child with Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt
Authors: Tanaka Tomoko , Young Heather L. , Norozian Farnaz , Dalabih Abdallah , Glasier Charles M. , Albert Gregory W.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Despite the successful implementation of Haemophilus influenzae vaccination, invasive serotypes still lead to a fatal infection. We recently cared for a patient with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) and H. influenzae meningitis and septicemia complicated by vasospasm. Vasospasm caused by Haemophilus central nervous system infection has not been previously reported. Case Presentation: A 34-month-old patient with a recent VPS presented with H. influenzae meningitis and sepsis. Despite the explant of hardware, followed by maximum medical management, the patient developed stroke due to severe vasospasm, which led to diffused anoxic brain injury. Conclusions: We aim to alert for the possible critical condition caused by H. influenzae. It is essential to treat the underlying illness, despite the presence of a VPS. Surgical implant tends to be overlooked by other subspecialists. Being vaccinated to H. influenzae does not protect from different subtypes like non-typeable H. influenzae. The cause of vasospasm remains unclear.
Coordinated Action of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone and Cortisol Shapes the Acute Stress-Induced Behavioural Response in Zebrafish
Authors: Faught Erin , Vijayan Mathilakath M.
Published: January 2021

Introduction: The stress response mediated by the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activation is highly conserved in vertebrates. Hyperactivity is one such established acute stress response, and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), the primary step in HPA activation, signalling has been implicated in this stressor-mediated behaviour. However, whether CRH mediates the acute behavioural effects either alone or in conjunction with glucocorticoids (GCs) are far from clear. We hypothesized that the CRH receptor 1 (CRHR1)-mediated rise in GCs post-stress is necessary for the initiation and maintenance of the acute stress-related behaviour. Methods: We first generated zebrafish (Danio rerio) with a mutation in the CRHR1 gene (CRHR1-KO) to assess the function of CRH. The behavioural readout utilized for this study was the locomotor activity of larval zebrafish in response to an acute light exposure, a protocol that freezes the larvae in response to the light stimulus. To test whether cortisol signalling is involved in the stress-mediated hyperactivity, we treated wildtype fish with metyrapone (MET), an inhibitor of 11β-hydroxylase, to suppress cortisol production. The temporal role for cortisol signalling in the stress-related hyperactivity was tested using the glucocorticoid receptor knockout (GRKO) and mineralocorticoid receptor knockout (MRKO) zebrafish mutants. Results: CRHR1-KO larvae did not increase cortisol, the principal GC in teleosts, post-stress, confirming a functional knockout. An acute stress resulted in the hyperactivity of the larvae in light at 15, 60, and 240 min post-stress, and this was absent in CRHR1-KO larvae. Addition of MET effectively blocked the attendant rise in cortisol post-stress; however, the stress-mediated hyperactivity was inhibited only at 60 and 240 min but not at 15 min post-stress. Addition of human CRH peptide caused hyperactivity at 15 min, and this response was also abolished in the CRHR1-KO mutants. The stress-induced hyperactivity was absent in the MRKO fish, while GRKO mutants showed transient effects. Conclusions: The results suggest that the stress-induced hyperactivity is induced by the CRH/CRHR1 system, while the temporal activation of cortisol production and the associated GR/MR signalling is essential for prolonging the stressor-induced hyperactivity. This study underscores the importance of systems-level analysis to assess stress responsivity.
External Validity of Somatostatin Analogs Trials in Advanced Neuroendocrine Neoplasms: The GETNE-TRASGU Study
Authors: Jimenez-Fonseca Paula , Carmona-Bayonas Alberto , Lamarca Angela , Barriuso Jorge , Castaño Angel , Benavent Marta , Alonso Vicente , Riesco Maria del Carmen , Alonso-Gordoa Teresa , Custodio Ana , Sanchez Canovas Manuel , Hernando Jorge , López Carlos , La Casta Adelaida , Fernandez Montes Ana , Marazuela Mónica , Crespo Guillermo , Diaz Jose Angel , Feliciangeli Eduardo , Gallego Javier , Llanos Marta , Segura Angel , Vilardell Felip , Percovich Juan Carlos , Grande Enrique , Capdevila Jaume , Valle Juan , Garcia-Carbonero Rocio
Published: January 2021

Introduction: Somatostatin analogs (SSA) prolong progression-free survival (PFS) in patients with well-differentiated gastroenteropancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (GEP-NENs). However, the eligibility criteria in randomized clinical trials (RCTs) have been restricted, which contrasts with the vast heterogeneity found in NENs. Methods: We identified patients with well-differentiated (Ki-67% ≤20%), metastatic GEP-NENs treated in first line with SSA monotherapy from the Spanish R-GETNE registry. The therapeutic effect was evaluated using a Bayesian Cox model. The objective was to compare survival-based outcomes from real-world clinical practice versus RCTs. Results: The dataset contained 535 patients with a median age of 62 years (range: 26–89). The median Ki-67% was 4 (range: 0–20). The most common primary tumor sites were as follows: midgut, 46%; pancreas, 34%; unknown primary, 10%; and colorectal, 10%. Half of the patients received octreotide LAR (n = 266) and half, lanreotide autogel (n = 269). The median PFS was 28.0 months (95% CI: 22.1–32.0) for octreotide versus 30.1 months (95% CI: 23.1–38.0) for lanreotide. The overall hazard ratio for lanreotide versus octreotide was 0.90 (95% credible interval: 0.71–1.12). The probability of effect sizes >30% with lanreotide versus octreotide was 2 and 6% for midgut and foregut NENs, respectively. Conclusion: Our study evaluated the external validity of RCTs examining SSAs in the real world, as well as the main effect-modifying factors (progression status, symptoms, tumor site, specific metastases, and analytical data). Our results indicate that both octreotide LAR and lanreotide autogel had a similar effect on PFS. Consequently, both represent valid alternatives in patients with well-differentiated, metastatic GEP-NENs.
Poéticas dos lugares: entre a hegemonia e a autonomia radical das imagens – uma reflexão crítica sobre iniciativas iconográficas institucionais WEB e experiências sensíveis em Lyon e em São Paulo
Authors:   Universidade de São Paulo. Faculdade de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Rozestraten Artur
Published: January 2021

Este estudo investiga, em uma perspectiva comparativa, iniciativas empreendidas em Lyon, na França, e em São Paulo, no Brasil, relacionadas às transformações que as tecnologias contemporâneas (analógicas, digitais e híbridas) estão produzindo no âmbito do imaginário arquitetônico e urbanístico, ou seja, na interação dinâmica entre imagens – entendidas como objetos antrópicos e também como deformações produzidas pela imaginação – e a experiência multissensorial in loco nos/dos próprios ambientes urbanos. A investigação deste objeto/problema se valeu de duas frentes integradas e complementares, uma teórico-conceitual e outra empírico-experimental. Após a análise dos websites institucionais, a pesquisa dedicou-se a interpretar experiências in loco, isto é, intervenções concretas em lugares específicos de Lyon que promovem, de fato, o incremento das interações sensíveis diretas. Em termos metodológicos, a pesquisa propôs investigação sistemática de práticas tecnológicas significativas que sustentasse revisões e proposições críticas da teoria e vice-versa.
Concepções materialistas sobre a sede imediata da consciência
Authors: Pessoa Junior Osvaldo Frota
Published: January 2021

Este trabalho estuda, do ponto de vista materialista, o debate sobre qual é a sede física da “consciência primária”, ou seja, da forma mais básica de consciência, envolvendo sensações e emoções. Examinamos historicamente o problema de se tal sensório é localizado em uma pequena região do encéfalo ou se a consciência é distribuída de maneira holista. Destaque é dado aos escritos de neurofisiologistas da década de 1950, que se dividiam entre a afirmação de que a sede da consciência primária é subcortical, e visões mais holistas como a da tese da homogeneidade (funcionalismo). Busca-se explicar a transição que ocorreu ao final da década de 1960, com o papel predominante que se passou a dar para o neocórtex. A finalidade filosófica deste trabalho é regatar a importância da tese subcorticalista.
Aspectos histórico-filosóficos acerca do julgamento da Lei de Biossegurança no Supremo Tribunal Federal e as pesquisas científicas com células tronco embrionárias no Brasil
Authors: Janz Felipe de Lara , Queiroz Francisco Assis de
Published: January 2021

Em 2008, o Supremo Tribunal Federal (STF) decidiu pela improcedência da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade, sobre o art. 4º da Lei de Biossegurança e a consequente aprovação do uso de células tronco embrionárias (CTE) no Brasil. Diante disso, as pesquisas com células tronco embrionárias foram autorizadas, gerando assim enormes expectativas a respeito da descoberta e do desenvolvimento de novas terapias, a fim de curar e/ou auxiliar no tratamento de diversas doenças. Passados mais de dez anos, este trabalho busca analisar os votos proferidos pelos juízes da Corte, a fim de identificar quais fatores foram mais preponderantes na escolha de tais decisões e em quais etapas encontram-se as pesquisas com células tronco embrionárias no Brasil. Nota-se, através das discussões feitas em audiência pública, pela mídia e votação no plenário do STF, que a ideia de progresso, do utilitarismo, do imediatismo e a confiança na ciência foram determinantes na aprovação da nova Lei. Apesar do aumento de recursos aplicados posteriormente, as promessas terapêuticas iniciais ainda não foram estabelecidas, as pesquisas realizadas são, na maioria, experimentais. As células tronco embrionárias foram, em boa parte, substituídas por células adultas reprogramadas e as dificuldades técnicas de isolamento, manutenção e diferenciação in vitro destas células somam-se como barreiras a serem ainda transpostas.
Da “Arte da Crítica” e dos injustos comentários a Lereno Selinuntino, o “papagaio brasileiro”: um estudo sobre a crítica a Domingos Caldas Barbosa, em paralelo com a crítica a Machado de Assis e a Catulo
Authors: Veiga Paulo Eduardo de Barros
Published: January 2021

Domingos Caldas Barbosa (1738/40-1800), de pseudônimo Lereno Selinuntino, é um importante poeta do século XVIII, carioca radicado em Lisboa, autor de muitas cantigas, modinhas e lundus. Foi fundador, inclusive, da Academia de Belas Letras de Lisboa, juntamente com Belchior Curvo de Semedo Torres de Sequeira, Joaquim Severino Ferraz de Campos e Francisco Joaquim Bingre. Além de presidente dessa Nova Arcádia, Caldas Barbosa foi responsável pelo Almanak das Musas, importante antologia neoclássica, publicado em 1793, em Lisboa. Apesar de ter feito fama, enquanto vivo, quer nos salões aristocráticos portugueses, quer no Brasil, inclusive, entre muitos ouvintes analfabetos, a crítica sobre sua obra acostumou-se a colocar em segundo plano o “brasileiro papagaio”, como assim se nomeou Lereno, com humor, em seu Almanak. No entanto, não se sancionou, por assim dizer, um dos mais importantes artistas da música e da literatura colonial brasileira, de que foi compositor e intérprete, sendo um exímio poeta e violeiro, seja no Brasil, seja em Portugal, onde introduziu gêneros como a modinha. Este artigo propõe traçar, de modo sintético, o percurso da crítica dirigida a Caldas Barbosa, que recebeu ofensas inclusive de poetas consagrados, com quem participou de muitas atividades literárias no Palácio do Conde de Pombeiro, como Manuel Maria Barbosa du Bocage (1765-1805) e José Agostinho de Macedo (1761-1831). Também, comentam-se sobre alguns versos de Caldas Barbosa, procurando verificar neles expedientes expressivos que ajudem a compreender a poética lereniana. Para isso, intercalam-se a historiografia crítica mais relevante e comentários sobre as cantigas do poeta, retiradas principalmente da obra Viola de Lereno, publicada em dois volumes (1798; 1826). Em suma, levantam-se argumentos da crítica de Lereno e expõem-se observações a respeito de seus versos, buscando reconhecer-lhe o artístico. Em paralelo, comenta-se sobre a tradição crítica da obra lírica e dramática de Machado de Assis, além da crítica “neotérica” de Cícero, na Roma Antiga, propondo uma reflexão sobre a Historiografia da Crítica.
A adoção de um currículo interdisciplinar na educação e no estudo das culturas eruditas e populares no contexto brasileiro
Authors: Lima Sonia Regina Albano de
Published: January 2021

O texto que se segue analisa as duas concepções de interdisciplinaridade - a concepção a-histórica e a concepção histórico dialética, tanto nas ciências como na educação. Sob essa perspectiva serão avaliados os currículos interdisciplinares com o intuito de minimizar a fragmentação epistemológica instaurada após o cartesianismo. Nesse sentido gestores da educação devem apresentar propostas curriculares interdisciplinares focadas em três dimensões epistemológicas de forma integrada – dimensão ética, cultural e social. Os relatos aqui produzidos estão fundamentados basicamente nos escritos de M. F. Gomes da Silva (2009) e A. C. Lopes e E. Macedo (org) (2005). O texto culmina com a análise de E. Fubini, entre outros musicólogos, apontando o isolamento epistemológico presente na produção musical contemporânea, o que corrobora um fazer musical fragmentado e hiperespecializado, na contramão de um padrão cultural híbrido instaurado na sociedade contemporânea.
Nonatrial Fibrillation Patients With Complete P Wave Disappearance
Authors: Liu Hailei , Li Mingfang , Li Chengzong , Wang Zhirong , Lu Qi , Gu Zhoushan , Qi Xiangqian , Ju Weizhu , Chen Hongwu , Zhang Yanjuan , Zhang Fengxiang , Gu Kai , Yang Gang , Wang Zidun , Feng DaLi , Lip Gregory Y.H. , Chen Minglong
Published: January 2021

Background and Purpose:

Complete P wave disappearance (CPWD) in patients without atrial fibrillation is an uncommon clinical phenomenon. We aimed to study the relationship between CPWD and thromboembolism.

Methods:

Between July 2007 and December 2018, consecutive patients with CPWD on surface ECG and 24-hour Holter recording were recruited into the study from 4 centers in China. All recruited patients underwent transesophageal echocardiography or cardiac computed tomography to screen for atrial thrombus. Atrial electrical activity and scar were assessed by electrophysiological study (EPS) and 3-dimensional electroanatomic mapping. Cardiac structure and function were assessed by multimodality cardiac imaging.

Results:

Twenty-three consecutive patients (8 male; mean age 48.5±14.7 years) with CPWD were included. Only 3 patients demonstrated complete atrial electrical silence with atrial noncapture. Thirteen patients who had invasive atrial endocardial mapping demonstrated extensive scar. Pulse-wave mitral inflow Doppler demonstrated absent and dampened A waves in 18 and 5 patients, respectively. Pulse-wave tricuspid inflow Doppler showed absent and dampened A waves in 19 and 4 patients, respectively. Upon recruitment, 8 patients had previous stroke and 3 patients had atrial thrombus. Warfarin was prescribed to all patients. During median follow-up of 42.0 months, 2 patients developed massive ischemic stroke due to warfarin discontinuation.

Conclusions:

Our study suggested that CPWD reflects extensive atrial electrical silence and significantly impaired atrial mechanical function. It was strongly associated with thromboembolism and the clinical triad of CPWD-atrial paralysis-stroke was proposed. Anticoagulation should be recommended in such patients.
How Well Do Neurochecks Perform After Stroke?
Authors: De Leon Benedetti Andres M. , Bhatia Ritwik , Ancheta Selena R. , Romano Jose G. , Koch Sebastian
Published: January 2021

Background:

In the certification of stroke centers, the performance of serial nursing neurological assessments and reassessments, commonly known as neurochecks, is often cited as one of the most problematic standards. The role of neurochecks is to readily detect neurological change, but it is surprising that this practice has undergone relatively little scientific study. Their effectiveness in detecting worsening in acute ischemic stroke patients has not been well studied. Our objective was to investigate the sensitivity of neurochecks to detect neurological deterioration after acute ischemic stroke. We performed a retrospective chart review of patients with acute ischemic stroke who were admitted to a comprehensive stroke center over a 2-year period and who received intravenous thrombolysis. The incidence, reasons, and detection rates for neurological deterioration by neurochecks were collected during the first 72 hours of admission.

Results:

A total of 231 patient records were reviewed. Over the first 72 hours of admission, each patient had a mean of 63±15 neurochecks. Neurological worsening as determined by a stroke neurologist was found in 62 (27%) patients. This deterioration was first detected by a scheduled neurocheck in 28 (45%) patients and was discovered by the nurse outside of a scheduled neurocheck in 16 (26%) patients. In 18 out of 62 (29%) patients, the worsening was not detected.

Conclusions:

Although neurochecks detected neurological deterioration in almost half of patients with acute stroke, a significant proportion of deteriorations were found outside scheduled assessments or remained undetected. This suggests that novel monitoring strategies are needed to readily identify worsening neurological status in acute stroke.
Toward an information theoretical description of communication in brain networks
Authors: Amico Enrico , Abbas Kausar , Duong-Tran Duy Anh , Tipnis Uttara , Rajapandian Meenusree , Chumin Evgeny , Ventresca Mario , Harezlak Jaroslaw , Goñi Joaquín
Published: January 2021

Modeling communication dynamics in the brain is a key challenge in network neuroscience. We present here a framework that combines two measurements for any system where different communication processes are taking place on top of a fixed structural topology: path processing score (PPS) estimates how much the brain signal has changed or has been transformed between any two brain regions (source and target); path broadcasting strength (PBS) estimates the propagation of the signal through edges adjacent to the path being assessed. We use PPS and PBS to explore communication dynamics in large-scale brain networks. We show that brain communication dynamics can be divided into three main “communication regimes” of information transfer: absent communication (no communication happening); relay communication (information is being transferred almost intact); and transducted communication (the information is being transformed). We use PBS to categorize brain regions based on the way they broadcast information. Subcortical regions are mainly direct broadcasters to multiple receivers; Temporal and frontal nodes mainly operate as broadcast relay brain stations; visual and somatomotor cortices act as multichannel transducted broadcasters. This work paves the way toward the field of brain network information theory by providing a principled methodology to explore communication dynamics in large-scale brain networks.
Lepanto in the Americas: Global Storytelling and Mediterranean History
Authors: Hanß Stefan
Published: January 2021

This paper reveals the voices, logics, and consequences of sixteenth-century American storytelling about the Battle of Lepanto; an approach that decenters our perspective on the history of that battle. Central and South American storytelling about Lepanto, I argue, should prompt a reconsideration of historians’ Mediterranean-centered storytelling about Lepanto—the event—by studying the social dynamics of its event-making in light of early modern global connections. Studying the circulation of news, the symbolic power of festivities, indigenous responses to Lepanto, and the autobiographical storytelling of global protagonists participating at that battle, this paper reveals how storytelling about Lepanto burgeoned in the Spanish overseas territories.
Hysterionica chamomilloides (Asteraceae: Astereae) a new species from the grassland ecosystem of Río de La Plata

Authors: PAZ DEBLE LEONARDO
Published: January 2021

Hysterionica s.l. (including Neja) comprises ca. 15 species distributed mainly in the grasslands of southern Brazil, Uruguay, central and northern Argentina and Southern Paraguay. Based on field surveys, study of nomenclatural types and other specimens, and review of literature, a new species is proposed here, Hysterionica chamomilloides, endemic of mountainous regions of northern Uruguay, and southwestern Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. This work provides a detailed morphological description of the new species, information on its geographic distribution, habitat, phenology, conservation status, and discusses the main differences between H. chamomilloides and the morphologically most similar species. Illustrations, images and a key to the South American species of Hysterionica are also supplied.
The millipede family Striariidae Bollman, 1893: III. Four new species of Striaria Bollman, 1888 (Diplopoda, Chordeumatida, Striariidae) from Idaho, USA
Authors: SHEAR WILLIAM A.
Published: January 2021

The millipede genus Striaria Bollman, 1888 heretofore had been thought to be confined to the Appalachian region of eastern North America, is replaced in western North America by species of the genus Amplaria Chamberlin, 1941. Collections from northern Idaho show that this is not the case, and that at least four species of Striaria occur in the west. These species are described herein as Striaria aculeata n. sp., S. bombillus n. sp., S. vagabundus n. sp. and S. orator n. sp.
Computational Study of Tetrahedral Fullerenes Containing Fused Pentagon-Triples
Authors: Nagy Csaba L. , Nagy Katalin
Published: January 2021

Fullerenes that violate the isolated pentagon rule are too reactive and were obtained only as endoor exohedral derivatives. Density functional theory using the B3LYP hybrid density functional was applied to investigate the electronic and structural properties of the ten smallest tetrahedral
(Td or T point group) fullerenes containing four directly fused pentagon-triples. The influence of nitrogen doping and exohedral hydrogenation of the four reactive sites was also analyzed. Nucleus independent chemical shifts values computed using B3LYP/6-31G(d) are
used as global and local aromaticity probe. The global strain energy is evaluated in terms of the pyramidalization (POAV) angle. The results show that the stability increases with the elimination of the energetically unfavorable strain.
Fabrication of p-Type Co3O4 Nanofiber Sensors for Ultra-Low H2S Gas Detection at Low Temperature
Authors: Phuoc Phan Hong , Hong Le Thi , Thang Nguyen Tat , Hanh Nguyen Hong , Hung Chu Manh , Duy Nguyen Van , Hieu Nguyen Van , Hoa Nguyen Duc
Published: January 2021

In the current work, we report the on-chip fabrication of a low-temperature H2S sensor based on p-type Co3O4 nanofibers (NFs) using the electrospinning method. The FESEM images show the typical spider-net like morphologies of synthesized Co3O4
NFs with an average diameter of 90 nm formed on the comb-like electrodes. The EDX data indicate the presence of Co and O elements in the NFs. The XRD analysis results confirm the formation of single-phase cubic spinel nanocrystalline structures (Fd3 m) for the synthesized Co3O4
NFs. The Raman results are in agreement with the XRD data through the presence of five typical vibration modes of the nanocrystalline Co3O4. The gas sensing properties of the fabricated Co3O4 NF sensors are tested to 1 ppm H2S within a
temperature range of 150 °C to 450 °C. The results indicate a highest sensor response to 1 ppm H2S with the gas response of aproximately 2.1 times and the gas response/recovery times of 75 s/258 s at a low temperature of 250 °C. The fabricated sensor also demonstrates
good selectivity and a low detection limit of 18 ppb. The overall results suggest a simple and effective fabrication process for the p-type Co3O4 NF sensor for practical applications in detecting H2S gas at low temperature.
Construction of Functional Renal Targeting Nano Drug Liposome and Its Effect on Lupus Nephritis
Authors: Chen Dagui , Shang Fusheng , Zhang Shuyan , Zhang Danhuan
Published: January 2021

The main purpose of this study was to explore treatment effect of hydroxychloroquine-loaded OX7 nanoliposomes in murine systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease model. Modification of OX7 monoclonal antibody conferred hydroxychloroquine-loaded OX7 nanoliposomes targeting to renal
mesangial cells. The SLE mice models were treated with functional nano liposome via tail vein injection, and then the therapeutic effects on lupus nephritis and complicated pneumonia were evaluated. Our research showed that chronic graft versus host disease lupus nephritis mice model has similar
characteristic features of renal pathological damage with human SLE, and is reliable for related study. The symptoms and incidence of pneumonia in model mice were significantly alleviated and reduced after treatment with functional nano liposomes prepared in this experiment.
Desert Environment and Climate Observation Network over the Taklimakan Desert
Authors: Yang Fan , He Qing , Huang Jianping , Mamtimin Ali , Yang Xinghua , Huo Wen , Zhou Chenglong , Liu Xinchun , Wei Wenshou , Cui Caixia , Wang Minzhong , Li Hongjun , Yang Lianmei , Zhang Hongsheng , Liu Yuzhi , Zheng Xinqian , Pan Honglin , Jin Lili , Zou Han , Zhou Libo , Liu Yongqiang , Zhang Jiantao , Meng Lu , Wang Yu , Qin Xiaolin , Yao Yongjun , Liu Houyong , Xue Fumin , Zheng Wei
Published: January 2021

As the second-largest shifting sand desert worldwide, the Taklimakan Desert (TD) represents the typical aeolian landforms in arid regions as an important source of global dust aerosols. It directly affects the ecological environment and human health across East Asia. Thus, establishing a comprehensive environment and climate observation network for field research in the TD region is essential to improve our understanding of the desert meteorology and environment, assess its impact, mitigate potential environmental issues, and promote sustainable development. With a nearly 20-yr effort under the extremely harsh conditions of the TD, the Desert Environment and Climate Observation Network (DECON) has been established completely covering the TD region. The core of DECON is the Tazhong station in the hinterland of the TD. Moreover, the network also includes 4 satellite stations located along the edge of the TD for synergistic observations, and 18 automatic weather stations interspersed between them. Thus, DECON marks a new chapter of environmental and meteorological observation capabilities over the TD, including dust storms, dust emission and transport mechanisms, desert land–atmosphere interactions, desert boundary layer structure, ground calibration for remote sensing monitoring, and desert carbon sinks. In addition, DECON promotes cooperation and communication within the research community in the field of desert environments and climate, which promotes a better understanding of the status and role of desert ecosystems. Finally, DECON is expected to provide the basic support necessary for coordinated environmental and meteorological monitoring and mitigation, joint construction of ecologically friendly communities, and sustainable development of central Asia.
A Stochastic Parameter Perturbation Method to Represent Uncertainty in a Microphysics Scheme
Authors: Thompson Gregory , Berner Judith , Frediani Maria , Otkin Jason A. , Griffin Sarah M.
Published: January 2021

Current state-of-the art regional numerical weather forecasts are run at horizontal grid spacings of a few kilometers, which permits medium- to large-scale convective systems to be represented explicitly in the model. With the convection parameterization no longer active, much uncertainty in the formulation of subgrid-scale processes moves to other areas such as the cloud microphysical, turbulence, and land surface parameterizations. The goal of this study is to investigate experiments with stochastically perturbed parameters (SPP) within a microphysics parameterization and the model’s horizontal diffusion coefficients. To estimate the “true” uncertainty due to parameter uncertainty, the magnitudes of the perturbations are chosen as realistically as possible and not with a purposeful intent of maximal forecast impact as some prior work has done. Spatial inhomogeneities and temporal persistence are represented using a random perturbation pattern with spatial and temporal correlations. The impact on the distributions of various hydrometeors, precipitation characteristics, and solar and longwave radiation are quantified for a winter case and a summer case. In terms of upscale error growth, the impact is relatively small and consists primarily of triggering atmospheric instabilities in convectively unstable regions. In addition, small in situ changes with potentially large socioeconomic impacts are observed in the precipitation characteristics such as maximum hail size. Albeit the impact of introducing physically based parameter uncertainties within the bounds of aerosol uncertainties is small, their influence on the solar and longwave radiation balances may still have important implications for global model simulations of future climate scenarios.
Security implications of climate change: A decade of scientific progress
Authors: von Uexkull Nina , Buhaug Halvard
Published: January 2021

The study of security implications of climate change has developed rapidly from a nascent area of academic inquiry into an important and thriving research field that traverses epistemological and disciplinary boundaries. Here, we take stock of scientific progress by benchmarking the latest decade of empirical research against seven core research priorities collectively emphasized in 35 recent literature reviews. On the basis of this evaluation, we discuss key contributions of this special issue. Overall, we find that the research community has made important strides in specifying and evaluating plausible indirect causal pathways between climatic conditions and a wide set of conflict-related outcomes and the scope conditions that shape this relationship. Contributions to this special issue push the research frontier further along these lines. Jointly, they demonstrate significant climate impacts on social unrest in urban settings; they point to the complexity of the climate–migration–unrest link; they identify how agricultural production patterns shape conflict risk; they investigate understudied outcomes in relation to climate change, such as interstate claims and individual trust; and they discuss the relevance of this research for user groups across academia and beyond. We find that the long-term implications of gradual climate change and conflict potential of policy responses are important remaining research gaps that should guide future research.
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Maternal Vaccine Knowledge, Attitudes, and Intentions
Authors: Dudley Matthew Z. , Limaye Rupali J. , Salmon Daniel A. , Omer Saad B. , O’Leary Sean T. , Ellingson Mallory K. , Spina Christine I. , Brewer Sarah E. , Bednarczyk Robert A. , Malik Fauzia , Frew Paula M. , Chamberlain Allison T.
Published: January 2021

Objectives

Although disparities in maternal vaccine acceptance among racial/ethnic groups are well documented, the reasons for these disparities are unclear. The objective of this study was to describe differences in pregnant women’s knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, intentions, and trust regarding maternal and infant vaccines by race/ethnicity.

Methods

We collected survey data from 1862 pregnant women from diverse prenatal care practices in Georgia and Colorado from June 2017 through July 2018. We performed multiple logistic regressions to determine differences in intentions, knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and trust by race/ethnicity and calculated odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs.

Results

Compared with White women, Black and Hispanic women were less confident in vaccine safety and efficacy and less likely to perceive risk of acquiring vaccine-preventable diseases, report provaccine social norms, indicate having enough vaccine knowledge, and trust vaccine information from health care providers and public health authorities. Black women were the least confident in the safety of the maternal influenza vaccine (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.49); maternal tetanus, diphtheria, and acellular pertussis vaccine (OR = 0.37; 95% CI, 0.27-0.52); and infant vaccines overall (OR = 0.40; 95% CI, 0.28-0.58), and were least likely to intend to receive both maternal vaccines (OR = 0.35; 95% CI, 0.27-0.47) or all infant vaccines on time (OR = 0.45; 95% CI, 0.34-0.61) as compared with White women.

Conclusions

Understanding differences in behavioral constructs integral to vaccine decision making among women of different races/ethnicities can lead to tailored interventions to improve vaccine acceptance.
Simulation of carding condensing process
Authors: Qian Xixi , Shen Yuanying , Cao Qiaoli , Ruan Jun , Yu Chongwen
Published: January 2021

A simulation describing the fiber movement during the condensation was conducted, and the effect of the condensation in the carding machine was studied. The simulation results showed that the condensation has the blending and the evening effect on the condensed sliver, which can be explained by the fiber rearrangement. Moreover, the increasing web width and the decreasing condensing length can result in a more uniform sliver. Further, the evening effect of the web width on the web was verified by experiments. The simulation results were in general agreement with the experimental results.
The shastri and the air-pump: Experimental fictions and fictions of experiment for Hindi readers in colonial north India
Authors: Singh Charu
Published: January 2021

In the early twentieth century, the vernacular science periodical emerged as a key medium for building science-literate publics in colonial South Asia. This article argues that the Hindi science monthly Vigyan became a discursive laboratory for experiments with language, literary genres, narrative plots, and settings to create culturally grounded science lessons for Hindi readers in the mid-1910s. I focus on the writings of Prem Vallabh Joshi, a pandit, science graduate, and small town teacher, who experimented with distinct literary genres to create a sensibility for science – an experimental temper – amongst Vigyan’s readers. Through his strategic use of scientific experiments in the “history of” a particular branch of knowledge, detective mysteries, and the genre of the fictionalized dialogue, Joshi inducted colonial readers into experimental culture and global scientific modernity. As a reflexive participant in the ongoing confrontation between “Western” science and Hindu śāstra in colonial society, Joshi staged a fictional encounter between the experimental demonstration of the iconic air-pump and the textual authority of śāstra. This article examines the encounter between sastric commitments and scientific sensibilities and their conjoined mobilization in Vigyan in the era of linguistic nationalism. In this colonial vernacular publishing culture, the serial possibilities of the periodical and the history of science itself became critical resources in the ontological confrontations between experimental science and traditional authority.
Reading Comprehension Impairment in Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): The Need of Multimodal Assessment of Attention
Authors: Biotteau Maëlle , Tournay Elodie , Baudou Eloise , Destarac Sandrine , Iannuzzi Stéphanie , Faure-Marie Nathalie , Castelnau Pierre , Schweitzer Elisabeth , Rodriguez Diana , Kemlin Isabelle , Dorison Nathalie , Rivier François , Carneiro Maryline , Preclaire Elodie , Barbarot Sebastien , Lauwers-Cancès Valérie , Chaix Yves
Published: January 2021

Attention span, which has been shown to have an impact on reading quality in many other conditions, is one of the main cognitive disorders of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1). The aim of this work is to observe the impact of attention on reading comprehension, in NF1 and non-NF1 children. A multicenter, cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 children (8-12 years old) with or without NF1 (75 NF1 vs 75 non-NF1; 72 female, 78 male), matched for age, sex, handedness, and reading level, thus forming a continuum from good to poor readers in both NF1 and non-NF1 groups. Children with intellectual deficiency or neurologic or psychiatric disorder were excluded. Attentional skills were assessed by combining a parent questionnaire (Child Behavior CheckList) and a performance-based assessment (Conner’s Continuous Performance Test–Second Edition). Reading comprehension was assessed through a standardized reading comprehension test (ORLEC Lobrot). The performance-based attention scores were associated with text and sentence comprehension ability ( P = .0235 and P = .0164, respectively), while indirect questionnaire attention scores were only associated with sentence comprehension ( P = .0263). For both groups, the correlations between questionnaire and performance-based measures were low. We have shown that reading comprehension is greatly influenced by attention in NF1 and non-NF1, even if predictors of good reading comprehension also include IQ score and reading accuracy. Indirect observer-rated questionnaires and direct performance-based measures of attention do not assess the same variables, are linked to different components of reading skills, and are not interchangeable assessments of attention difficulties. Both assessments are complementary and must be used simultaneously, leading to recommendations that support multimodal assessment of attention.
Preparation and properties of adhesive-free double-sided flexible copper clad laminate with outstanding adhesion strength
Authors: Cao Xianwu , Wen Jiangwei , Wei Chuang , Liu Xin , He Guangjian
Published: January 2021

In this paper, the synthesized thermoplastic polyimide (TPI) precursor is coated on both surfaces of the surface-treated polyimide (PI) base film, and the TPI/PI/TPI multilayer films is obtained by thermal imidization. The mechanical properties, heat resistance, water absorption of the multilayer film and the interface between the TPI and the PI base film were investigated in detail. Then, multilayer film-2 (MF-2) with excellent comprehensive performance and the two copper foils were pressed together to prepare a double-sided flexible copper clad laminate (FCCL) by thermal lamination method, and the properties of FCCL were studied in detail. The results show that the FCCL has a high peel strength of 1.22 N/mm, passed a solder bath test of 288°C, and the surface condition was good under hot-pressing temperature of 360°C, hot-pressing pressure of 15 MPa and hot-pressing time of 60 s. In addition, the SEM and EDS spectra of the stripped copper foil confirmed that the TPI layer was immersed into the interstitial space of the Cu nodules, forming a strong physical bite with the copper foil. The current work provides a promising solution for the design and fabrication of multilayer printed circuit boards with excellent performance.