bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
ANÁLISE DA VULNERABILIDADE AOS ALAGAMENTOS EM CANAL DE ESCOAMENTO, A PARTIR DA SIMULAÇÃO DE UM EVENTO EXTREMO DE PRECIPITAÇÃO, EM MONTES CLAROS - MINAS GERAIS.
Authors: De Oliveira Naiara Ramos , Filho Rafael Arcanjo De Oliveira , Eleutério Iago Alberte Rodrigues , Oliveira Guilherme Augusto Guimarães
Published: August 2021

Um processo de urbanização sem planejamento pode interferir no ciclo natural da água, nos volumes de água infiltrada e escoada, além de impermeabilizar a bacia hidrográfica causando, em épocas de chuva, um aumento do escoamento superficial e como consequência, eleva-se as vazões a valores superiores aos que os recursos de drenagem podem suportar, provocando assim alagamentos em áreas ocupadas pelo homem. Não há como evitar chuvas fortes e concentradas, muito menos desabrigar todas as populações ribeirinhas ou em áreas de risco, mas existem estratégias que minimizam os impactos de cheias urbanas, como por exemplo, identificar áreas com predisposição a inundações e adotar um planejamento de medidas estruturais e não estruturais ligadas a drenagem urbana. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a seção transversal do canal de drenagem localizado na Avenida Vicente Guimarães, em Montes Claros (MG), bem como sua capacidade em suportar chuvas com intensidades intensas, para diferentes períodos de retorno. Para isto, foi determinada a bacia de contribuição através do software ArcGiz, calculada a área da seção transversal do canal e sua vazão máxima suportada, pela Equação de Manning. Em seguida, através da equação de chuvas intensas foram determinadas diferentes intensidades de precipitações para diferentes períodos de retorno, e calculadas as vazões máximas provocadas por cada uma destas. Ao final deste trabalho, pode-se constatar que o canal em questão não suporta chuvas com intensidades máximas, provocando enchentes e inundações na região.
VALIDAÇÃO DA PRECIPITAÇÃO ESTIMADA PELO PRODUTO 3B42 DO SATÉLITE “TROPICAL RAINFALL MEASURING MISSION” PARA A SUB-BACIA HIDROGRÁFICA PARAÍBA DO SUL, ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL
Authors: Da Silva Mateus Alexandre , Merlo Marina Neves , Thebaldi Michael Silveira , Viola Marcelo Ribeiro
Published: August 2021

O monitoramento hidrológico em bacias hidrográficas se faz necessário para prevenir e mitigar danos provocados por precipitações, porém, quando este é realizado por meio de observações em campo possui limitações, como: não cobrir todo o território brasileiro, a necessidade de técnicos para operação e estar sujeito à falha de dados em séries históricas. Para suprir a crescente demanda por monitoramento, surgiu o satélite Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM), capaz de monitorar variáveis hidrológicas, como, por exemplo, a precipitação. Objetivou-se com o presente estudo validar os dados de precipitação estimados pelo produto 3B42 do satélite TRMM para a sub-bacia hidrográfica Paraíba do Sul. Foram obtidos dados de precipitação para seis postos no Estado de São Paulo. Os dados estimados pelo satélite TRMM foram obtidos por meio da plataforma EarthData (NASA) e os dados observados obtidos por meio da plataforma HIDROWEB (ANA). Após tabulação, procedeu-se a análise de dados diários, mensais e da máxima diária anual por meio dos parâmetros estatísticos de correlação de Pearson, erro médio absoluto, raiz do erro médio ao quadrado, viés e coeficiente de concordância. Os dados diários estimados de precipitação não apresentaram boa correlação com os dados diários observados nos postos. Em contrapartida, os dados mensais obtiveram forte correlação com os dados observados, fato que viabiliza a utilização dos dados fornecidos por satélite em tal escala temporal. Quanto à precipitação máxima diária anual, o satélite não teve precisão satisfatória para realizar tal estimativa.
PADRÕES CLIMATOLÓGICOS ASSOCIADOS A EVENTOS DE SECA NO LESTE DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO
Authors: Gozzo Luiz Felippe , Palma Dóris Santos , Custódio Maria De Souza , Drumond Anita
Published: August 2021

Os mecanismos de ocorrência de secas no Sudeste do Brasil são complexos, pois a região encontra-se em uma zona de transição entre os regimes atmosféricos tropical e extratropical. Este trabalho apresenta as condições climatológicas médias sazonais no início de eventos de seca na faixa leste do estado de São Paulo no período de 1901 a 2010. Estes eventos foram identificados utilizando o índice de evapotranspiração-precipitação padronizado (SPEI) calculado a partir dos dados da reanálise ERA20C. Durante o verão e o outono, os eventos de seca são associados a uma teleconexão atmosférica originada por anomalias quentes do oceano na região da Indonésia. Um padrão de bloqueio no Pacífico Sul desfavorece o avanço de perturbações de médios e altos níveis em direção à América do Sul, e o transporte de umidade das regiões tropicais em direção a São Paulo é desfavorecido pelo enfraquecimento do Jato de Baixos Níveis. No inverno, as secas se iniciam com a intensificação da Alta Subtropical sobre a costa do Sudeste por um trem de ondas barotrópico propagando-se desde o Índico, e com o aumento das temperaturas e da evapotranspiração provocados pela fase negativa da Oscilação Antártica. Nos eventos de seca da primavera, o escoamento de grande escala remete ao padrão de teleconexão da La Niña. Os índices climáticos melhor correlacionados à série temporal do SPEI na faixa leste de São Paulo são da Oscilação Antártica (outono e inverno), da oscilação do Atlântico Tropical Sul (outono e primavera), e do El Niño-Oscilação Sul (primavera).
ANÁLISE DO CLIMA E RELEVO NA CONCENTRAÇÃO DE MATERIAL PARTICULADO EM MADRID (ESPANHA) E SÃO PAULO (BRASIL)
Authors: Silveira Thiago Souza , Antunes Roberto Luiz , Aith Fernando , Cantos Jorge Olcina , Gouveia Nelson
Published: August 2021

O presente estudo pretende examinar as concentrações de material particulado (MP10) e material particulado fino (MP2,5) entre os anos de 2007 e 2018 em São Paulo e Madrid para apontar se as características geográficas, clima e relevo, exercem influência na acumulação desses poluentes. Para isso foram usadas técnicas de geoprocessamento na análise do terreno, dados climatológicos, os boletins de qualidade do ar, as leis sobre poluição atmosférica de cada cidade e as recomendações internacionais sobre o tema. O relevo e o clima das duas cidades são distintos, mas ambos favorecem a concentração de poluição. Ainda assim, nenhuma delas infringiu as legislações locais durante o período, apesar de estarem além do recomendado pela OMS (Organização Mundial da Saúde).
DEFINIÇÃO DA DURAÇÃO DA ESTAÇÃO SECA E ESTAÇÃO CHUVOSA E SUA INFLUÊNCIA NA AGRICULTURA NO MUNICÍPIO DE ITUIUTABA – MG
Authors: Costa Rildo Aparecido , Queiroz Arlei Teodoro
Published: August 2021

Dentre todos os processos que atuam na dinâmica do clima a variabilidade é um dos mais importantes. Suas consequências sejam elas naturais ou econômicas, afetam sobremaneira a agricultura de uma determinada região. O intuito do desenvolvimento desta pesquisa objetivou determinar o final e o início da estação seca e chuvosa e sua influência na agricultura do município de Ituiutaba, localizado na Mesorregião do Triângulo Mineiro e Alto Paranaíba, mais especificamente na Microrregião de Ituiutaba, no Estado de Minas Gerais. Utilizou-se para isso, dados climáticos obtidos junto à Estação Meteorológica de Ituiutaba, pertencente ao Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia (INMET), utilizando uma série histórica de dados de 30 anos (1988 a 2019). Para definir o excedente e deficiência hídrica, a qual foi essencial pra definir o início e final das estações secas e chuvosas, utilizou-se o Balanço Hídrico proposto por Thornthwaite e Mather (1955). A metodologia proposta por Assunção (2012) foi usada para caracterizar o início e final das estações secas e chuvosas para o município de Ituiutaba. Como resultado, notou-se que a média de dias secos por ano foi de 139,1 e observou-se que em 63,4% dos anos o período seco se iniciou no mês abril, 33,3% no mês de maio e 3,3% no mês de março. Em relação ao período chuvoso, em 56,7% dos anos iniciou em setembro, 33,3% em outubro e 10% em agosto. Portanto, há a necessidade de adoção de um calendário agrícola que leve em conta essa dinâmica climática.
Seasonal-Water Dams: A Great Potential for Hydropower Generation in Saudi Arabia
Authors:   Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, Obaid Ramzy R.
Published: August 2021

For so many decades, hydropower generation has been one of the most attractive and effective methods of electricity generation around the world. However, when it comes to countries with low or seasonal water-flow, hydropower generation is usually deemed infeasible. Despite not having continuously running rivers; Saudi Arabia is one of the richest countries in the region in rain water with hundreds of dams holding billions of cubic meters of water behind them. Nevertheless, to date, there is not a single dam that is used for hydropower generation in the Kingdom. This paper explores this missed opportunity by showing the practicality of generating electricity even from low and seasonal water dams. It presents examples of installed hydropower plants in the region and lists possible locations of candidate dams to install small hydropower plants in the Kingdom. Preliminary estimates of the available hydroelectricity generation from the recommended sites are also presented
Smart Cities & 21st Century Economic Development & Welfare Holistic Approach Towards a Roadmap Strategy Development for RAK Emirate
Authors: Oubiri Imad Eddine
Published: August 2021

Modern economic concepts and models are nowadays abounding, thus creating a challenge in keeping pace with the global economic and technological developments, for both institutions and individuals, often failing to grasp the true meanings and purposes of the latter; thus receding chances for economic communities to make use of the sound scientific content therein, fair value, great benefits and implied objectives to achieve economic development and welfare. In recent years, and after the spread of some the concepts such as “sustainability”, “clean and green energy”, "e- government"; the "Smart" concept is nowadays strongly imposing itself in the local scene, after UAE Federal Government and Dubai Emirate have adopted and embarked onto “Smart Progressive” plan implementation. Candid man-of-the-street assumptions would inevitably and systematically link the concept to applications for smart phones and mobile systems and the exploitation of technological resources in everyday life. Whereas, in fact this is only a part of a whole integrated and wide-ranging economic system in which technology plays a pivotal role alongside with several other most prominent and crucial factors. The present paper deals with introduction to the “Smart” economic model implementation in our City of the future, with focus on criteria, requirements, indicators and role and contribution of citizens, government and institutions, aiming at shedding the light onto a hot topic with critical impact on present and future holistic economic action plans.
IDENTIFIKASI MANFAAT LIMBAH BATANG TEMBAKAU DI KABUPATEN LOMBOK TIMUR
Authors: Anwar Muhammad , Murah  , Muhammad Zainuddin
Published: August 2021

Post-harvest management of tobacco commodities in East Lombok Regency is very important considering that the waste of tobacco stems, leaf stalks, seeds, and residues from the oven process still contains nicotine. Efforts need to be made to treat tobacco waste so that harmful risks can be reduced by applying the concept of environmentally friendly agriculture or an eco-farming system. Environmentally friendly agriculture is part of the implementation of sustainable agriculture, which is an agricultural movement that uses ecological principles, the study of the relationship between organisms and their environment. East Lombok's local resources in the form of the availability of tobacco stem waste which is abundant, neglected, and damaging to the aesthetics of the environment requires more in-depth attention to study its benefits into various environmentally friendly products. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive method with a library research approach. The benefits of tobacco stem waste are as follows: Tobacco stem and stem waste as bio-biket material; Tobacco stems and seeds as biodiesel; Tobacco waste extract granules against aedes aegypti larvae; Tobacco stem waste as biopesticide material; Tobacco stem waste as organic fertilizer; Tobacco stem waste as natural dye for batik and bioinsecticide tobacco stem soaking water.
Keywords: Waste, Tobacco Stems, Eco-Farming and East Lombok            
ABSTRAK
Pengelolaan pasca panen komoditas tembakau di Kabupaten Lombok Timur sangat penting dilakukan mengingat limbah batang tembakau, tangkai daun, biji, dan residu dari proses pengovenan masih mengandung nikotin. Perlu dilakukan upaya pengolahan limbah tembakau tersebut agar resiko berbahaya dapat dikurangi dengan menerapkan konsep pertanian yang ramah lingkungan atau eco-farming system. Pertanian ramah lingkungan adalah bagian dari impelementasi pertanian berkelanjutan (sustainable agriculture) yaitu gerakan pertanian yang menggunakan prinsip ekologi, studi hubungan antara organisme dan lingkungannya. Sumberdaya lokal Lombok Timur berupa tersedianya limbah batang tembakau yang melimpah, tidak terurus, dan merusak estetika lingkungan  membutuhkan perhatian yang lebih mendalam untuk dikaji manfaatnya menjadi berbagai produk yang ramah lingkungan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi pustaka (library research). Manfaat limbah batang tembakau sebagai berikut: Limbah batang dan gagang (stem) tembakau sebagai bahan bio-biket; Batang dan biji tembakau sebagai biodesel; Granul ekstrak limbah tembakau terhadap larva aedes aegypti; Limbah batang tembakau sebagai bahan biopestisida; Limbah batang tembakau sebagai pupuk organik; Limbah batang tembakau sebagai pewarna alami batik dan Air rendaman batang tembakau bioinsektisida.
Kata kunci: Limbah, Batang Tembakau, Eco-Farming dan Lombok Timur
EFEKTIVITAS PENGGUNAAN E-LEARNING BERBASIS GOOGLE CLASROOM UNTUK MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI BELAJAR BIOLOGI (LINTAS MINAT) SISWA KELAS XI IPS-1 SMA NEGERI 1 MASBAGIK
Authors: Sholihan Baiq Bunayati
Published: August 2021

The condition of the covid-19 pandemic that requires applying physical distancing so that face-to-face learning cannot be done and learning is forced to be done online (online) and students' motivation to learn biology is still low. This classroom action research aims to increase students' motivation to learn biology in class XI IPS-1 at SMAN 1 Masbagik and describe the increase in motivation to learn biology at class XI IPS-1 at SMAN 1 Masbagik through Google Classroom-based E-Learning. The research method used is classroom action research. This research was conducted in two cycles of 30 students. Data collection techniques through observation and motivation questionnaires. The implementation of E-Learning based on Google Classroom is stated in the very good, good, quite good, poor, and not good categories, while the motivation to learn mathematics is stated in the very high, high, medium, low and very low categories. Based on the results of the research conducted, it can be concluded as follows: 1) the implementation of E-Learning based on Google Classroom in the first cycle in the fairly good category and in the second cycle in the good category. 2) Biology learning motivation of students in class XI IPS-1 SMA Negeri 1 Masbagik in the first cycle is low, the second cycle is moderate, namely in the first cycle the average motivation to learn biology is 66.3% while in the second cycle it increases to 72.4%.
Keywords: E-Learning, Google Classroom, Motivation to Study Biology
Abstrak
Kondisi pandemic covid-19 yang mengharuskan menerapkan Pysical distencing sehingga pembelajaran tatap muka tidak bisa dilakukan dan terpaksa pembelajaran dilakukan secara online (daring) dan masih rendahnya motivasi siswa dalam belajar biologi. Penelitian tindakan kelas ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar biologi siswa kelas XI IPS-1 SMAN 1 Masbagik dan mendeskripsikan peningkatan motivasi belajar biologi siswa kelas XI IPS-1 SMAN 1 Masbagik melalui E-Learning berbasis Google Classroom. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah penelitian tindakan kelas. Penelitian ini dilakukan dalam dua siklus terhadap 30 orang siswa. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi dan angket motivasi. Keterlaksanaan E-Learning berbasis Google Classroom dinyatakan dengan kategori sangat baik, baik, cukup baik, kurang baik, dan tidak baik, sedangkan motivasi belajar matematika dinyatakan dengan kategori sangat tinggi, tinggi, sedang, rendah dan sangat rendah. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilakukan dapat disimpulkan hal-hal sebagai berikut: 1) keterlaksanaan E-Learning bebasis Google Classroom pada siklus I pada kategori cukup baik dan pada siklus II pada kateori baik. 2) Motivasi belajar biologi siswa kelas XI IPS-1 SMA Negeri 1 Masbagik pada siklus I rendah, siklus dua sedang, yaitu pada siklus I rata-rata motivasi belajar biologi adalah 66,3% sedangkan pada siklus II naik menjadi 72,4%.
Kata kunci: E-Learning, Google Classroom, MotivasiBelajarBiologi
Persistent fire effect on forest dynamics and species composition of an old-growth tropical forest
Authors: Andrade Dárlison Fernandes-Carvalho-de , Ruschel Ademir-Roberto , Schwartz Gustavo , Pereira-de-Carvalho João-Olegário , Vasconcellos-Gama João-Ricardo
Published: August 2021

Aim of the study: To assess structure, recruitment and mortality rates of tree species over almost three decades, 14 years before and 15 years after a forest fire.
Material and methods: All trees ≥ 5 cm in DBH were identified and measured in 12 permanent plots (50 m x 50 m), in 1983, 1987, 1989, 1995, 2008, and 2012 of a dense ombrophilous forest in Eastern Amazon, Brazil. The analyses were carried out including all sampled species and their ecological groups: shade-tolerant, light-demanding, and pioneer species. Treatments were compared through a Linear Mixed Effect Model.
Main results: The 15-year post-fire period is not enough for the old-growth tropical forest to recover its pre-fire conditions of recruitment and mortality rates. The post-fire recruitment and mortality rates increased, mainly the recruitment of pioneer species (p-value < 0.05).
Research highlights: In a period of 15 years after the occurrence of a surface fire, the old-growth tropical forest still has high recruitment rates of shade-tolerant and light-demanding species and high incidence of pioneer species, confirming the persistent fire effects on forest dynamics and species composition in this ecosystem.
Keywords: pioneer tree species; species dynamics; forest resilience; Tapajós National Forest; Amazonian forests.
Abbreviations used: DBH (diameter at 1.3 m from the ground); D (density); BA (basal area); EG (ecological group); ST (shade-tolerant); LD (light-demanding); Pi (pioneer); Ni (non-identified ecological group); MR (mortality rates); RR (recruitment rates); LMM (Linear Mixed Effect Model).
Root morphological traits of oil palm genotypes with differential resistance to fatal yellowing
Authors:   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Gloria Gerson Carlos Pinto , Vasconcelos Steel Silva ,   Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Gomes Junior Rui Alberto ,   Embrapa Amazônia Oriental, Boari Alessandra de Jesus ,   Universidade Federal Rural da Amazônia, Magalhães Marcelo Murad ,   Embrapa Amazônia Oriental
Published: August 2021

Brazil has an extensive area where the climate and soil are suitable for oil palm growing. However, in part of this area, production has been limited by the occurrence of the fatal yellowing (FY) anomaly, whose initial symptom is the rotting of absorptive roots. This symptom can be more severe in oil palm genetic materials with a smaller root system. The aim of this study was to examine morphological traits of roots and shoots of seedlings of three oil palm genotypes with different degrees of resistance to FY, namely, Tenera (sensitive), Caiaué (resistant) and Interspecific Hybrid (resistant) to provide bases to elucidate the differential resistance of these materials to FY. Shoot biomass did not vary statistically between the genetic materials. The mass, length and area of fine and very fine roots were significantly higher in the Interspecific Hybrid than in Caiaué and Tenera. The fine and very fine roots of Interspecific Hybrid had a larger mass than Caiaué (114 and 133%, respectively) and Tenera (216 and 178%, respectively). The Interspecific Hybrid also exhibited higher values for the length of fine and very fine roots than Caiaué (155 and 99% respectively) and Tenera (228 and 94% respectively). The root traits of the Interspecific Hybrid and Tenera are compatible with their differential resistance to FY. Our results demonstrate the importance of expanding the study of the relationship between root morphology and resistance to FY in these genetic materials under conditions that favor the occurrence of the anomaly, such as flooding.
Electrical conductivity test in the evaluation of the physiological potential of treated and stored soybean seeds
Authors:   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Couto Ana Paula Silva , Brzezinski Cristian Rafael ,   Sementes GDM, Abati Julia ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Colombo Ronan Carlos ,   Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, Henning Fernando Augusto ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Fonseca Inês Cristina de Batista ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Zucareli Claudemir ,   Universidade Estadual de Londrina
Published: August 2021

Soybean seed treatment contributes to the maintenance of seed quality, but the effect of commercial formulations and chemical products on the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity test based on electrolyte leaching has been frequently questioned. This study aimed to verify the interference of the chemical seed treatment of two soybean cultivars on the effectiveness of the electrical conductivity test in evaluating the vigor of freshly treated and stored seeds. The experimental design was completely randomized, consisting of seven seed treatments and two evaluation periods (0 and 60 days after storage), with four replications. The used seed treatments consisted of 1) fipronil + pyraclostrobin + thiophanate-methyl, 2) imidacloprid + thiodicarb + carbendazim + thiram, 3) abamectin + thiamethoxan + fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole, 4) carbendazim + thiram, 5) fludioxonil + mefenoxam + thiabendazole, 6) carboxin + thiram, and 7) control (no treatment). The cultivars were BRS 360 RR and BRS 284, which were analyzed separately. Germination, accelerated aging, emergence, and electrical conductivity tests were carried out. No differences were detected between the control and chemical treatments performed on seeds of the two freshly treated soybean cultivars regarding germination, accelerated aging, and emergence tests. The germination test stood out after storage with the cultivar BRS 360 RR, showing the maintenance of germination potential for seeds treated with carbendazim + thiram and the control treatment. Therefore, the chemical treatment of soybean seeds interferes with the result of the electrical conductivity test. The electrical conductivity test is effective in segregating seed lots in terms of vigor level. The electrical conductivity test correlates with the other vigor tests used to identify the reduction in the physiological seed quality with storage.
Organic carbon mineralization of the biochar and organic compost of poultry litter in an Argisol
Authors:   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Tito Gilvanise Alves , Fernandes Josely Dantas ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Chaves Lucia Helena Garófalo ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Guerra Hugo Orlando Carvallo ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande, Dantas Edilma Rodrigues Bento ,   Universidade Federal de Campina Grande
Published: August 2021

The dynamics of the organic residues added to the soil are closely related to its mineralization rate. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate the organic carbon mineralization in soil samples incubated with different doses of biochar and organic compost from poultry litter. Carbon mineralization was evaluated experimentally by measuring the C-CO2 liberated by incubating 200 g of soil mixed with different doses 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 t ha-1 of both biochar and organic compost for 61 days. The soil microbial activity, and consequently the carbon mineralization, increased with the application of doses of biochar and organic compost from the poultry litter. The highest C-CO2 mineralization was observed in the treatments that received organic compost. The carbon mineralization process followed chemical kinetics with two simultaneous reactions. The greatest amount of released and accumulated C-CO2 was observed in the soil incubated with 15 and 20 t ha-1 of organic compost from the poultry litter. The doses of biochar did not influence the content of mineralized carbon; this behavior was not verified with the use of this compost, whose highest content corresponded to 85.69 mg kg-1, applying 20 t ha-1.
How canopy structural and morphological characteristics, and forage chemical composition affect a pasture-based dairy system?
Authors:   Estação Experimental de Pecuária do Extremo Sul da Bahia, Rezende Cláudia de Paula , Pereira José Marques ,   Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Magalhães Albertí Ferreira ,   Estação Experimental de Pecuária do Extremo Sul da Bahia, Ferreira Igor Machado ,   Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Homem Bruno Grossi Costa ,   Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, Casagrande Daniel Rume ,   Universidade Federal de Lavras
Published: August 2021

Pasture-based systems are prevalent among small-scale family farms. Many farmers consider that the nutritional value of the plant is more relevant than the canopy structure. This study aimed to analyze the various factors related to plant structure and chemical composition that most influence milk yield per hectare under rotational stocking. The experiment was performed at the Animal Husbandry Experimental Station of the Extreme South of Bahia. Three rotational stocking systems with three forage species [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. cv. Tifton 85, Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) Stapf. cv. Xaraés, and Megathyrsus maximus Jacq. cv. Mombasa] were evaluated. Nine crossbred Holstein x Gyr cows were allocated to a balanced 3 x 3 Latin square design. The cows were rotated in three pastures every 14 days. The experimental period consisted of seven evaluation cycles of 42 days each. Cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and multivariate linear regression were the statistical techniques used to evaluate plant structure and morphological characteristics, and animal performance. Xaraés palisadegrass and Mombasa guinea grass were similar for all evaluated characteristics (P > 0.05), whereas Tifton 85 was different from them in terms of structural, morphological, and chemical composition characteristics (P < 0.05). In the PCA, 59.1% of the total variance was explained by components 1 and 2 for the structural and morphological characteristics, and forage chemical composition. Forage structural and morphological variables showed better results in the multivariate linear regression analysis for milk yield per hectare. Structural and morphological characteristics were more correlated with Mombasa guinea grass than Xaraés palisadegrass and Tifton 85. The structural and morphological characteristics of forages were the main factors determining milk yield per hectare in exclusively pasture-based systems with animals of low production.
Management of wood production residues as wholesome products
- case study
Authors: Grotowska Małgorzata , Beer Piotr
Published: August 2021

Management of wood production residues as wholesome products - case study. The aim of the analysis is to check the possibilities of better use of post-production wood residues, which as a result of these activities gain the same value as full-value production materials.This includes producing high-quality products from them having in mind innovation, design and ecology. The circular economy and sustainable development strategies are new concepts and objectives of the EU material strategy. There is no turning back from these actions. They will be forced by the requirements and recommendations of the EU. Therefore, it is better to get used to them and to the activities behind them. An example should be taken from the new course at the University of Cambridge - Judge Business School.
Characteristic Analysis of Double Arcing on the Top Surface of STS304 in Plasma Arc Piercing
Authors: Kim Dong-Hyun , Cho Dae-Won , Jo Yeong-Kwan , Suh Jeong , Choi Kwang-Deok , Kim Ryoonhan , Ahn Seokyoung
Published: August 2021

Plasma arc cutting is a thermal cutting method that melts and removes the material by projecting an arc heat source onto the cutting part of material. In the case of cutting thick plate, plasma arc piercing is performed before plasma arc cutting for cutting quality and cutting efficiency. The quality of plasma arc piercing varies greatly depending on several variables. In particular, the factors such as stand-off distance, current and thickness of material play an important role in inducing double arcing. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the phenomenon that occurs during plasma arc piercing according to the factors. In this study, we synchronized the arc shape photographed with a high-speed camera using a band-pass filter and the voltage waveform measured with the DAQ equipment. And it was confirmed that the smaller the stand-off distance, the stronger the current and the thicker the thickness of material, the worse the top surface of the material by double arcing.
The Political Direction of Indonesian Economic Law as the Conception of Welfare State in the 1945 Constitution
Authors: Imaniyati Neni Sri , Yusdiansyah Efik , Muhardi  , Syam Husni , Cheumar Mohammad Tahir , Adam Panji
Published: August 2021

Political law, political economy and political economy law are three concepts that arise from a deep understanding of the 1945 Constitution as statutory norms. A series that tries to align the interests and desires of the 1945 Constitution with the interests of the state and the people's wishes, which often have different views and practices between the two. This article aims to analyze the direction of Indonesian economic law politics policy in the Welfare State conception based on the 1945 Constitution. The method used is a normative juridical approach with descriptive-analytical techniques using qualitative juridical data analysis methods. This article concludes that the direction of Indonesian economic policy shows some adoption of neoliberalism values that have become references in the formulation of monetary policy in Indonesia. As a government law politics, the direction of economic policy must be oriented towards the institutionalization of the status of the Indonesian nation to advance the general welfare. And the "vehicle" for institutionalizing this staatsidee, as formulated in Article 33 of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia, is the concept of a welfare state.
Gender and Police Leadership: An Analysis of Metropolitan Police Departments in South Africa
Authors: Khosa Dee
Published: August 2021

Despite a number of initiatives aimed at improving the representation and progressive of women in the law enforcement. Studies continue to document the persistence of gender inequality within law enforcement agencies all over the world and South Africa is not an exception. This article bring to light gender inequalities in the law enforcement sector where women in leadership ranks remains low. Historically, the police career was male-dominated and females were not allowed to work in the police. Therefore, equal gender representation in the workplace should by now be at an advanced developmental stage in South Africa since the abolition of discrimination rules. The Commission on Employment Equity of South Africa reported that women comprised 44.8% of the economically active population, yet males were still in charge of senior management positions in South African industries including the law enforcement environment. The data was collected from female officers from Metropolitan Police departments in Gauteng province. The findings suggest that culture, stereotypes, economic and socio-political dynamics, and physical fitness were perceived as barriers that hindered the representation of women into senior leadership positions.
The Effects of Practical Problem-Based Home Economics Instruction (PPBHEI) on Middle School Students' Creativity: Focusing on the Content on “Clothing Management and Recycling”
Authors: Bae Ja-Young , Shim Huen-Sup , Chae Jung-Hyun
Published: August 2021

The purpose of this study was to test the effects of Practical Problem-Based Home Economics Instruction (PPBHEI) on middle school students' creativity, focusing on the content on “clothing management and recycling.” This study carried out quasi-experimental research with an independent variable of PPBHEI and a dependent variable of creativity. The experiment was based on a sample of 62 (31 in each group) second grade students in the Cheongju area over four class hours. ANCOVA was performed to examine pre-test and post-test differences between the experimental group and the control group. The results showed that PPBHEI did not improve the level of creativity but improved the level of creative motivation among the sub-elements of creativity (creative thinking, creative tendency, creative motivation). In particular, PPBHEI improved the level of independence in creative tendency, intrinsic motivation, and diligence in creative motivation. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that PPBHEI is effective in improving independence, intrinsic motivation, and diligence in respect of middle school students’creativity.
Eczema-like plaques secondary to enoxaparin misdiagnosed as DRESS-syndrome
Authors: Belhareth Kamar , Sahnoun Rim , Boudaya Sonia , Ksouda Kamilia , Bahloul Emna , Hammemi Serria , Zghal Khaled , Turki Hamida
Published: August 2021

Low-molecular-weight heparins may cause adverse skin reactions, especially eczematous eruptions. A 60-year-old woman with a history of mitral valve replacement and frontal hemorrhagic stroke, who had been treated with carbamazepine and enoxaparin for 2 months, consulted our department for a sudden onset of generalized pruritic rash. There was facial edema, cheilitis, and a rash of eczematous lesions electively localized to the site of enoxaparin injections. Blood analysis showed eosinophilia= 2500 e/mm3, gamma GT = 526 and lipasemia= 126. Initially we suspected the diagnosis of carbamazepine induced DRESS syndrome. Then the final diagnosis was generalized eczema on heparin in view of the exclusive localization of the lesions at the sites of enoxaparin injections, the rapid resolution of the eruption and the result of biopsy and allergological investigation. Dermatologic effects of heparins commonly used in medical and surgical practice are numerous, and clinical pictures can be misleading, as in our case.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL DYNAMIC OF LAND DEGRADATION USING REMOTE SENSING-BASED INDEX
Authors: SADEGHI Seyed Hamidreza , MIRCHOOLI Fahimeh , KHALEDI DARVISHAN Abdulvahed
Published: August 2021

Land degradation is the major issue which affect watershed sustainability and following social, economic and environmental of livelihood people. So, early detection of land degradation is necessary for policy-makers to make appropriate decision. In this way, remote sensing method is a candidate choice for assessments and monitoring. In this study, land degradation was assessed using Rain-Use Efficiency (RUE) in the Shazand Watershed, Iran in 1986, 1998, 2008 and 2016. Thus, annual rainfall was calculated using inverse distance weight (IDW), net primary productivity (NPP) were calculated using Landsat images. The results indicated that RUE had increasing and then decreasing trends which were 10.66, 33.77, 20.03 and 9.47 kg C ha-1 yr-1. The results also illustrate that the mean value of RUE in different land uses varied between the irrigated land and orchard that had the highest value and outcrop dominant areas and bareland had the lowest value of RUE among land use categories. It is also established that spatio-temporal analysis of RUE can provide valuable information about the trend of watershed’s sustainability over years.
SUBSTITUTION OF SOYBEAN MEAL WITH LOCAL PRODUCED LEGUME FORAGES IN EWES RATIONS
Authors: GREVENIOTIS Vasileios , KANTAS Dimitrios , DELIGIANNIS Constandinos , GEMTOS Theofanis , MAVROMATIS Athanasios , SIOKI Evangelia
Published: August 2021

Nutrition of intensive sheep farming in Greece is based mainly on feeding forages and concentrates in the stable, while grazing is provided in a low extend. Feeding cost is the major cost factor and from the protein supplementation side is based on alfalfa hay and soybean meal. The aim of the study was to investigate the substitution of soybean meal with local produced legumes forages. Thirty ewes of the “Karagouniko” breed were split in three groups of ten animals each. In the first group (control group), nutrition was based on alfalfa hay and soybean meal. In the second group, alfalfa hay and soybean meal were entirely substituted with vetch hay. In the third group, alfalfa hay was completely substituted with peas hay and the soybean meal inclusion was increased. Body weight was measured in the beginning and at the end of the trial period. Feed consumption and milk production were recorded daily and milk quality was analyzed weekly. No significant differences were found for all the parameters mentioned. Substitution of imported soybean meal with locally produced legumes is possible and will be an advantage in the differentiation of Greek sheep milk. The economic analysis showed that in farm, the cultivation of vetch and pea hay is more preferable than alfalfa.
Urocortin-3 neurons in the mouse perifornical area promote infant-directed neglect and aggression
Authors: Autry Anita E , Wu Zheng , Kapoor Vikrant , Kohl Johannes , Bambah-Mukku Dhananjay , Rubinstein Nimrod D , Marin-Rodriguez Brenda , Carta Ilaria , Sedwick Victoria , Tang Ming , Dulac Catherine
Published: August 2021

While recent studies have uncovered dedicated neural pathways mediating the positive control of parenting, the regulation of infant-directed aggression and how it relates to adult-adult aggression is poorly understood. Here we show that urocortin-3 (Ucn3)-expressing neurons in the hypothalamic perifornical area (PeFAUcn3) are activated during infant-directed attacks in males and females, but not other behaviors. Functional manipulations of PeFAUcn3 neurons demonstrate the role of this population in the negative control of parenting in both sexes. PeFAUcn3 neurons receive input from areas associated with vomeronasal sensing, stress, and parenting, and send projections to hypothalamic and limbic areas. Optogenetic activation of PeFAUcn3 axon terminals in these regions triggers various aspects of infant-directed agonistic responses, such as neglect, repulsion, and aggression. Thus, PeFAUcn3 neurons emerge as a dedicated circuit component controlling infant-directed neglect and aggression, providing a new framework to understand the positive and negative regulation of parenting in health and disease.
Loss of Mir146b with aging contributes to inflammation and mitochondrial dysfunction in thioglycollate-elicited peritoneal macrophages
Authors: Santeford Andrea , Lee Aaron Y , Sene Abdoulaye , Hassman Lynn M , Sergushichev Alexey A , Loginicheva Ekaterina , Artyomov Maxim N , Ruzycki Philip A , Apte Rajendra S
Published: August 2021

Macrophages undergo programmatic changes with age, leading to altered cytokine polarization and immune dysfunction, shifting these critical immune cells from protective sentinels to disease promoters. The molecular mechanisms underlying macrophage inflammaging are poorly understood. Using an unbiased RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) approach, we identified Mir146b as a microRNA whose expression progressively and unidirectionally declined with age in thioglycollate-elicited murine macrophages. Mir146b deficiency led to altered macrophage cytokine expression and reduced mitochondrial metabolic activity, two hallmarks of cellular aging. Single-cell RNA-seq identified patterns of altered inflammation and interferon gamma signaling in Mir146b-deficient macrophages. Identification of Mir146b as a potential regulator of macrophage aging provides novel insights into immune dysfunction associated with aging.
Subventricular zone/white matter microglia reconstitute the empty adult microglial niche in a dynamic wave
Authors: Hohsfield Lindsay A , Najafi Allison R , Ghorbanian Yasamine , Soni Neelakshi , Crapser Joshua , Figueroa Velez Dario X , Jiang Shan , Royer Sarah E , Kim Sung Jin , Henningfield Caden M , Anderson Aileen , Gandhi Sunil P , Mortazavi Ali , Inlay Matthew A , Green Kim N
Published: August 2021

Microglia, the brain’s resident myeloid cells, play central roles in brain defense, homeostasis, and disease. Using a prolonged colony-stimulating factor 1 receptor inhibitor (CSF1Ri) approach, we report an unprecedented level of microglial depletion and establish a model system that achieves an empty microglial niche in the adult brain. We identify a myeloid cell that migrates from the subventricular zone and associated white matter areas. Following CSF1Ri, these amoeboid cells migrate radially and tangentially in a dynamic wave filling the brain in a distinct pattern, to replace the microglial-depleted brain. These repopulating cells are enriched in disease-associated microglia genes and exhibit similar phenotypic and transcriptional profiles to white-matter-associated microglia. Our findings shed light on the overlapping and distinct functional complexity and diversity of myeloid cells of the CNS and provide new insight into repopulating microglia function and dynamics in the mouse brain.
Emergence of a smooth interface from growth of a dendritic network against a mechanosensitive contractile material
Authors: Sharma Medha , Jiang Tao , Jiang Zi Chen , Moguel-Lehmer Carlos E , Harris Tony JC
Published: August 2021

Structures and machines require smoothening of raw materials. Self-organized smoothening guides cell and tissue morphogenesis and is relevant to advanced manufacturing. Across the syncytial Drosophila embryo surface, smooth interfaces form between expanding Arp2/3-based actin caps and surrounding actomyosin networks, demarcating the circumferences of nascent dome-like compartments used for pseudocleavage. We found that forming a smooth and circular boundary of the surrounding actomyosin domain requires Arp2/3 in vivo. To dissect the physical basis of this requirement, we reconstituted the interacting networks using node-based models. In simulations of actomyosin networks with local clearances in place of Arp2/3 domains, rough boundaries persisted when myosin contractility was low. With addition of expanding Arp2/3 network domains, myosin domain boundaries failed to smoothen, but accumulated myosin nodes and tension. After incorporating actomyosin mechanosensitivity, Arp2/3 network growth locally induced a surrounding contractile actomyosin ring that smoothened the interface between the cytoskeletal domains, an effect also evident in vivo. In this way, a smooth structure can emerge from the lateral interaction of irregular active materials.
Food Consumption Pattern and Dietary Diversity among the Farmers in Kanyakumari and Perambalur Districts of Tamil Nadu
Authors: Melba Y. , Ashok K. R. , Vidhyavathi A. , Kalaivani S. , Vennila P.
Published: August 2021

Aims: To study the consumption pattern and dietary diversity among the farmers in rural areas.

Study Design: Random Sampling.

Place and Duration of Study: Primary data were collected from the Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts of marginal and small farmers between July and August 2020.

Methodology: The study was conducted in Kanyakumari and Perambalur districts based on Tamil Nadu state planning commission report 2017.The Simpson index of dietary diversity was calculated to score the quantity and consumption of food items were consumed. The multiple linear regressions were used to understand the variation of socio-economic and demographic features of the household members.

Results: The overall result of the SIDD score for Kanyakumari district was 0.73 and 0.72 for Perambalur district. When compared to Perambalur district, the results clearly showed that Kanyakumari district farmers had a higher dietary diversity. Because the food habits of Kanyakumari district farmers differ significantly from those of Perambalur district farmers, owing to a higher intake of nutritious foods in Kanyakumari district farmers.

Conclusion: The factors like monthly income and education most influence the household dietary pattern and nutrition status of Kanyakumari district rather than the Perambalur district.
Clinical and Molecular Findings in a Moroccan Family with Primary Distal Renal Tubular Acidosis and Deafness by Mutation of ATP60A4 Gene: Case Report
Authors: Mebrouk Nadia , Abilkassem Rachid , Agadr Aomar
Published: August 2021

Primary distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) is a rare genetic disease characterized by distal tubular dysfunction leading to metabolic acidosis and alkaline urine.  It is associated with impaired acid excretion by the intercalated cells in the renal collecting duct.  dRTA is developed during the first months of life and the main clinical and biologic features are failure to thrive, vomiting, dehydration, anorexia, hyperchloremic non-anion gap metabolic acidosis, hypocitraturia, hypercalciuria and nephrocalcinosis.  The disease is caused by defects in genes involved in urinary distal acidification: ATP6V0A4 and ATP6V1B1 for the recessive form, and SLC4A1 for the dominant form.  Some dRTA cases due to recessive gene mutations are associated with hearing impairment.

We report the case of two siblings with dRTA, and early-onset SNHL, due to ATP6V0A4 mutations, and whose parents are heterozygous carriers of ATP6V0A4 mutations.