bluuebunny/crossref_metadata_2025 huggingface dataset:
طُرق التّعبير عن السَّبب والتّعليل في اللغة العربيّة
Authors: MEHMETALİ Bekir
Published: December 2023

هذا البحث الّذي عنونتُه بـ (طُرق التّعبير عن السَّبب والتّعليل في اللغة العربيّة) يتناول معنَيَي السَّبب والتَّعليل داخل الجملة العربيّة، والعناصر اللُّغويّة الّتي استعملها العربُ؛ للتَّعبير عن هذين المعنيَين اللَّذين لهما الأثر الكبير في فَهم المعاني السِّياقيّة الأُخرى. فكلُّ حدث لا بُدَّ له في الغالب سببٌ يدفع الفاعل إلى إيقاعه، وتعليلٌ يُوضِّح سبب حدوثه. فالبحثُ يَهدفُ إلى الوقوف على العناصر والأساليب اللُّغويّة الّتي اعتمد عليها العربُ في كلامهم؛ لـتأدية هذين المعنَيَين، والفروق بينها؛ لأنّ كلَّ عدول من تعبير إلى آخر يصحبُه عدول من معنى إلى آخر. فإشكاليّة البحث تحديد الطّرق الّتي عبَّر بها العربُ عن معنَيَي التّعليل والسّببيّة، فهل استعملوا طريقة واحدة أم أكثر؟ ولِمَ عدَلوا من تعبير إلى آخر؛ لأداء ذلك؟ وهل هناك فرق في المعنى بين تعليل وآخر بحسب أداة التّعليل؟ واكتسب البحثُ أهمّيَته من هدفه، وموضوعه، وطبيعته؛ إذ يَدخلُ في فِقه النَّحو الّذي نحنُ بِحاجَّة ماسَّة إليه؛ لأنّ الكلامَ غيرَ المفهوم لا قيمة له، وإن وافقَ القاعدة اللُّغويّة الموضوعة. ويَنهج الباحث في هذا البحث مناهج الوصف، والاستقصاء، والتّحليل، والاستقراء، والاستنتاج، فيصفُ القواعد اللُّغويّة ذات الصِّلة بموضوع البحث، ويَستقصيها في كتب النُّحاة المتقدِّمين والمتأخِّرين، ويتناولها مع أمثلتها وشواهدها بالعرض والتّحليل، ويَستقرئها؛ لِيستخلص منها النَّتائج.
INTEREST OF BATAKNESE AND JAVANESE YOUTH IN AGRICULTURE IN BINJAI DISTRICT, LANGKAT REGENCY, NORTH SUMATRA PROVINCE
Authors: Annisah  , Dwi Febrimeli  , Mahmudah  , Rudi Hartono
Published: December 2023

The low interest of young people in the agricultural sector is increasing from year to year. It is because businesses in the agricultural industry are less profitable and not promising jobs. This research aims to determine the factors that affect the interests of tribe youth Batak and Java in agriculture and the difference of interest between youth tribe Batak dan Java. This research was conducted in the Binjai District of Langkat Regency. The data collection method is used by interviews and questionnaires tested for validity and reliability—the data analysis method uses multiple linear regression and tests. The result of the research indicates that there is a difference between the interest of young Batak and Javanese tribes in the field of agriculture. Partially, prestige and family environment have an inverse effect on the interest of your Batak in agriculture and factor social statute (3,246) positively influences the interest of the youth tribe of your java. The elements of prestige, family environment, education, experience, social environment, social statute, culture and technology contributed 52,7% to the interest of youth Batak. And 75,8% of factors prestige, family environment, education, experience, social environment, social statute, culture and technology influence the interest of Javanese.
Assessing the Impact and Failures of America's War on Terror in the Middle East
Authors: Muhammad Shahban Sahito  , Syed Mohabbat Ali Shah  , Iqra
Published: December 2023

This research paper critically analyses how the United States aided Jihadists and supported terrorists and paramilitary organisations during the Cold War. It further defines Jihadists in the United States. Despite this, it discusses US aid to some authoritarian governments that have used state terrorism as a means of repression in the Middle East and US supports for non-state terrorists. Apart from that, it elaborates on US foreign policy regarding weapons, training, and extensive financial and logistical support for terrorist organisations in the Middle East. Further, it explains how radical Islamist terrorism is a serious threat and how many terrorist groups operate in the Middle East. In addition, this article discusses the causes of Islamist terrorism. The paper argues that if authoritarianism is not the cause of Islamist terrorism then what other factors have contributed to it? In addition, the research examines the challenges of American foreign policy in the Middle East in the fight against terrorism. This study argues that the war on terror has failed because of two main reasons discussed in the research paper. It also considers how American foreign policy in the Middle East has been complex and has evolved over the years.
O PAPEL DA DIETA COM MUITO BAIXO TEOR DE PROTEÍNAS NA DOENÇA RENAL CRÔNICA
Authors: Costalonga Alessandra Seixas , Melo Andre Cades Barbosa Paz Oliveira de , Zanetti Elton Tonon , Drumond Denise Motta Macieira , Magalhães Filipe Ferraz , Biondi Iuri Oliveira , Trindade Juliana Ferreira Alves , Valadares Leticia Teixeira de Siqueira , Fontes Marianna Oliveira Cunha
Published: December 2023

Diversos tratamentos e modificações no estilo de vida estudados durante os anos são necessários para evitar a progressão da Doença renal crônica (DRC) para insuficiência renal. Essa evolução da doença possui íntima relação com fatores hemodinâmicos e metabólicos, como a hipertensão arterial, a hiperfiltração ou a proteinúria, que são altamente influenciados pela dieta do  paciente, Um amplo tema de estudo é a eficácia da restrição proteica e de outras intervenções nutricionais em pacientes com DRC, sendo considerada positiva e recomendada para o manejo nutricional desses pacientes na atualização de 2020 das diretrizes KDOQI. Apesar de o maior ensaio já realizado até então, o “Modification of Diet in Renal Disease” (MDRD),  não apontar benefícios nos pacientes, atualmente, a maior parte dos estudos tem demonstrado os benefícios das dietas com muito baixo teor de proteínas (VLPD), se demonstrando promissora na redução da progressão da DRC, redução dos valores de ureia, diminuição da resistência insulínica, menor produção de citocinas inflamatórias e menores valores de proteinúria. Como efeitos colaterais, é possível destacar a perda de peso e de massa muscular e o desconforto psicológico.
ATENÇÃO FARMACÊUTICA SOBRE OS RISCOS DE USO DOS CONTRACEPTIVOS ORAIS
Authors: Maia Juliana Menezes Simião , Santos Laís de Jesus
Published: December 2023

O presente trabalho de pesquisa está pautado na atuação do profissional farmacêutico de acordo as suas prerrogativas na atenção básica de saúde em relação ao uso dos contraceptivos por mulheres, assim questiona-se: Como os farmacêuticos podem auxiliar a consumidora de contraceptivos para garantir a qualidade de vida e manutenção da saúde feminina? O objetivo principal é abordar a importância da atenção farmacêutica na resolução de questões e na instrução adequada dos contraceptivos orais. Tendo como objetivos específicos: Contextualizar as pílulas e sua farmacologia; Compreender os efeitos colaterais e riscos do uso do medicamento da maneira incorreta; Analisar a assistência farmacêutica na prescrição e instrução dos contraceptivos.Com a metodologia exploratória de pesquisa realizada via revisão bibliográfica, considerando arquivos científicos publicados sobre o tema, disponíveis em sites e revistas científicas como: Scientific Electronic Library Online (Scielo), Conselho Federal de Farmácia (CFF), site do Ministério da Saúde e ANVISA usando palavras-chave em buscadores e direcionamento em pesquisas  específicas do tema. Tendo como resultado de pesquisa que entre os diferentes métodos contraceptivos disponíveis, a pílula ou anticoncepcional oral continua sendo o referido pela maioria do público-alvo, por ser um método prático e de fácil acesso. Nesse contexto, o papel do farmacêutico na assistência aos pacientes é fundamental para orientá-los sobre o uso correto e seguro da medicação, bem como esclarecer as possíveis complicações que podem ocorrer.
CONTROLE DE QUALIDADE NO LABORATÓRIO DE ANÁLISES CLÍNICA NA FASE ANALÍTICA: A SEGURANÇA DOS RESULTADOS
Authors: Souza Géssica da Paz , Carvalho Fabiano Lacerda
Published: December 2023

Os laboratórios de análises clínicas auxiliam nas decisões médicas e, para isso, os médicos e pacientes precisam ter confiança e segurança nos laudos fornecidos por esses laboratórios. O presente trabalho trata-se de uma pesquisa, que teve como objetivo buscar artigos que descrevessem a importância do laboratório de análises clínicas e suas problemáticas, bem como os meios de controle de qualidade destas empresas. Para coleta de dados foram utilizadas as bases de dados SciELO. As análises mostraram que, atualmente, a procura por qualidade é prioridade na escolha dos serviços de um laboratório clínico, tendo em vista a importância do exame laboratorial para tomada de decisão pelo médico. Desta forma, inúmeros questionamentos foram levantados com relação ao nível de qualidade dos serviços prestados por um laboratório clínico em suas diversas etapas, o que levou ao surgimento de programas como o PELM (Programa de Excelência para Laboratórios Médicos), Sistema Nacional de Acreditação – SNA-DICQ e PALC (Programa de Acreditação da Sociedade Brasileira de Patologia Clinica), com o objetivo de se obter uma forma de certificar a qualidade do laboratório. Os dados apresentados permitem concluir que, os programas de controle de qualidade definem o laboratório clínico com alto grau de excelência em suas atividades, sendo um diferencial na escolha pelos utilizadores do serviço prestado.As fases de controle de qualidade incluem os processos pré-analíticos, analíticos e pós-analíticos. Todas as atividades laboratoriais devem ser documentadas por meio de Instruções de Trabalho (IT) ou Procedimentos Operacionais Padrão (POP), aprovados e disponibilizados ao pessoal técnico e de apoio. O controle de qualidade laboratorial pode ser dividido em duas categorias: controle de qualidade interno ou intralaboratorial e o controle de qualidade externo ou interlaboratorial. Portanto, para instalação e organização eficiente de um programa de controle de qualidade, os procedimentos devem ser implementados e aprimorados, incluindo o treinamento técnico-profissional contínuo, conscientização e comprometimento de cada profissional e equipe gerencial.
IMPACTO DA CIRURGIA BARIÁTRICA NAS DEFICIÊNCIAS NUTRICIONAIS: UMA REVISÃO SISTEMÁTICA
Authors: Amaral Nayara Maia Zorzal do , Castelpoggi Juliana Pandini , Barros Gustavo André Bandeira do Rêgo , Silva Pollianna Janaina da , Castor Marisol Heringer Moreira , Silva Maria do Socorro da , Tecchio Jacqueline Volpato Simões , Oliveira Raquel da Silva de , Souza Tereza Cristina de , Bandeira Macileide da Silva , Silva Eurilene Alves da , Leite Lília Teixeira Eufrásio
Published: December 2023

A cirurgia bariátrica é um procedimento cada vez mais comum e eficaz para o tratamento da obesidade mórbida. No entanto, sabe-se que essa intervenção pode levar a deficiências nutricionais significativas. O objetivo desta revisão sistemática é avaliar o impacto da cirurgia bariátrica nas deficiências nutricionais. Em suma, a cirurgia bariátrica tem demonstrado ser efetiva na perda de peso e melhoria das comorbidades associadas à obesidade. No entanto, essa técnica pode levar a alterações na ingestão e absorção de nutrientes, o que pode levar a deficiências nutricionais. Estudos têm mostrado que a cirurgia bariátrica pode causar deficiências em micronutrientes, como ferro, cálcio, vitamina D, vitamina B12 e folato. Dentre as deficiências mais relatadas está a deficiência de ferro, que pode levar à anemia. Isso ocorre devido à diminuição da capacidade de absorção de ferro no intestino delgado após a cirurgia. A deficiência de cálcio é outra complicação comum, principalmente devido à diminuição na ingestão de laticínios após a cirurgia. Além disso, a cirurgia bariátrica também pode causar deficiências de vitamina D, vitamina B12 e folato, devido à diminuição da absorção desses nutrientes. Essas deficiências nutricionais podem levar a complicações a longo prazo, como osteoporose, neuropatia e distúrbios neuropsiquiátricos. Portanto, é fundamental realizar um acompanhamento nutricional adequado após a cirurgia bariátrica, a fim de prevenir e tratar essas deficiências. Em conclusão, a cirurgia bariátrica pode levar a deficiências nutricionais significativas, principalmente em relação a micronutrientes. É fundamental que os profissionais de saúde estejam cientes dessas complicações e ofereçam um acompanhamento nutricional adequado aos pacientes submetidos a esse tipo de procedimento.
IMPACTO DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19 NO NÚMERO DE CASOS E NA MORTALIDADE DA TUBERCULOSE
Authors: Silva Joanna Alexandre da , Rufino Eryka Nádja Marque , Sampaio Bárbara Ferreira , Silva Daniella Mota
Published: December 2023

Trata-se de um estudo sistemático da literatura que analisa o impacto complexo da pandemia de Covid-19 na saúde pública global, abordando não apenas a morbimortalidade relacionada ao vírus SARS-CoV-2, mas também seu impacto em doenças infecciosas, como a tuberculose. O objetivo deste estudo é realizar uma análise bibliográfica criteriosa, utilizando fontes disponíveis em bases de dados científicas, como Web of Science, Scopus e BDTD. Foram encontrados 134 artigos na Web of Science, 144 na Scopus e 14 na BDTD. A seleção dos artigos considerou aqueles com maior número de citações. Serão investigados os principais fatores que contribuíram para o aumento de casos, número de mortes e subdiagnóstico da tuberculose durante a pandemia, incluindo a sobrecarga dos sistemas de saúde, a interrupção dos serviços de saúde, as medidas de distanciamento social e as mudanças nos comportamentos de busca por diagnóstico e tratamento. Este estudo adota uma abordagem aplicada, qualitativa e exploratória, buscando fornecer subsídios para a compreensão do cenário atual da tuberculose durante a pandemia e direcionar estratégias efetivas de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento da doença. Os resultados contribuirão para o conhecimento científico, oferecendo uma visão abrangente e atualizada do impacto da pandemia na tuberculose, além de fornecer recomendações para pesquisas futuras que aprofundem o entendimento das consequências da pandemia de Covid-19 no controle da tuberculose.
RESPONSABILIDADE CIVIL DAS PLATAFORMAS DE REDES SOCIAIS E O ENTRETENIMENTO JURÍDICO ATRIBUÍDO A ELAS
Authors: Soares Rodrygo Gomes
Published: December 2023

Este artigo explora a responsabilidade civil das plataformas de redes sociais, analisando o entretenimento jurídico associado a elas. O objetivo do estudo é investigar as implicações legais decorrentes do papel das plataformas na disseminação de conteúdo e interações online. Utilizando uma abordagem analítica, a pesquisa examina casos judiciais relevantes, regulamentações e decisões legais que moldaram o panorama da responsabilidade civil nesse contexto. A metodologia adotada envolve a revisão sistemática da literatura jurídica e a análise de precedentes legais para identificar padrões e tendências. As conclusões destacam a complexidade das questões legais enfrentadas pelas plataformas de redes sociais, ressaltando a necessidade de uma legislação mais específica e atualizada para abordar os desafios emergentes. O estudo contribui para o entendimento crítico do impacto jurídico das redes sociais, oferecendo insights relevantes para legisladores, profissionais jurídicos e pesquisadores interessados na interseção entre tecnologia, responsabilidade civil e entretenimento jurídico.
A IMPORTÂNCIA DA ODONTOPEDIATRIA NA PREVENÇÃO E TRATAMENTO DE PROBLEMAS DENTÁRIOS EM CRIANÇAS COM AUTISMO
Authors: Leal Gerôncio Araújo , Silva Eliana Leite , Silva Marcos Araujo Costa e , Barbosa Eduarda Maria Santos Silva
Published: December 2023

O objetivo do presente trabalho é realizar uma revisão de literatura sobre as abordagens clinícas, científicas e técnicas de manejo que podem ser usadas nos atendimentos aos pacientes autistas na odontopediatria em clínicas odontológicas. Trata-se de uma revisão de literatura, onde utilizou-se os descritores “Odontopediatria”, “Transtorno do Espectro Autista” e “Saúde Bucal”. Foram consultadas bases de dados como Scielo, PubMed e BBO. Critérios de inclusão/exclusão foram aplicados, resultando na seleção de 8 artigos para essa análise. Os estudos destacam a complexidade do Transtorno do Espectro Autista e a necessidade de compreensão profunda para orientar intervenções eficazes. A odontopediatria desempenha papel crucial, exigindo abordagem sensível e adaptável. A falta de conhecimento dos pais sobre saúde bucal em crianças com TEA é evidente, ressaltando a necessidade de educação. Colaborações interprofissionais, especialmente com Terapeutas Ocupacionais, são fundamentais. A odontopediatria desempenha papel fundamental na prevenção e tratamento de problemas dentários em crianças com TEA, proporcionando cuidados adaptados às suas necessidades específicas. A abordagem personalizada contribui para a prevenção de problemas bucais e promove hábitos de higiene oral.
POTENCIAL DA CURCUMINA NA MODULAÇÃO DA MICROBIOTA INTESTINAL E SEUS EFEITOS NA SAÚDE GASTROINTESTINAL
Authors: Leite Lília Teixeira Eufrásio , Santos Romario Pessoa , Tecchio Jacqueline Volpato Simões , Cardoso Marcia Regina Silva
Published: December 2023

A microbiota intestinal desempenha um papel fundamental na saúde gastrointestinal, influenciando processos fisiológicos e imunológicos. Desregulações na composição e função da microbiota podem levar ao desenvolvimento de doenças gastrointestinais. Nesse sentido, substâncias bioativas presentes em plantas, como a curcumina, têm atraído a atenção da comunidade científica devido às suas propriedades anti-inflamatórias e antioxidantes. A curcumina é um polifenol encontrado na cúrcuma, uma planta amplamente utilizada como tempero e em fitoterapia. Estudos têm demonstrado que a curcumina possui efeitos benéficos na modulação da microbiota intestinal. Sua atividade antimicrobiana e antifúngica tem sido associada à redução de bactérias e fungos patogênicos no trato gastrointestinal. Além disso, a curcumina tem mostrado capacidade de promover o crescimento de bactérias benéficas, como os lactobacilos e bifidobactérias, que auxiliam na manutenção do equilíbrio da microbiota intestinal. A curcumina também demonstrou efeitos anti-inflamatórios na mucosa intestinal, reduzindo a inflamação local e contribuindo para a integridade da barreira intestinal. Estudos em animais e estudos clínicos recentes sugerem que a curcumina pode ter efeitos benéficos em condições gastrointestinais, como a síndrome do intestino irritável, doença inflamatória intestinal e câncer de cólon. Esses resultados ressaltam o potencial terapêutico da curcumina na prevenção e tratamento de doenças gastrointestinais. No entanto, é importante ressaltar que a biodisponibilidade da curcumina é baixa devido à sua rápida metabolização e baixa solubilidade em água. Portanto, estudos estão sendo realizados para desenvolver formulações que aumentem sua biodisponibilidade e eficácia clínica. Em resumo, a curcumina apresenta potencial na modulação da microbiota intestinal e seus efeitos benéficos na saúde gastrointestinal. No entanto, mais pesquisas são necessárias para entender os mecanismos precisos de ação e estabelecer diretrizes claras para sua utilização como terapia complementar.
Difference spectrum fitting of the ion–neutral collision frequency from dual-frequency EISCAT measurements
Authors: Günzkofer Florian , Stober Gunter , Pokhotelov Dimitry , Miyoshi Yasunobu , Borries Claudia
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The plasma–neutral coupling in the mesosphere–lower thermosphere strongly depends on the ion–neutral collision frequency across that region. Most commonly, the collision frequency profile is calculated from the climatologies of atmospheric models. However, previous measurements indicated that the collision frequency can deviate notably from the climatological average. Direct measurement of the ion–neutral collision frequency with multifrequency incoherent scatter radar (ISR) measurements has been discussed before, though actual measurements have been rare. The previously applied multifrequency analysis method requires a special simultaneous fit of the two incoherent scatter spectra, which is not possible with standard ISR analysis software. The difference spectrum method allows us to infer ion–neutral collision frequency profiles from multifrequency ISR measurements based on standard incoherent scatter analysis software, such as the Grand Unified Incoherent Scatter Design and Analysis Package (GUISDAP) software. In this work, we present the first results by applying the difference spectrum method. Ion–neutral collision frequency profiles obtained from several multifrequency EISCAT ISR campaigns are presented. The profiles obtained with the difference spectrum method are compared to previous collision frequency measurements, both from multifrequency ISR and other measurements, as well as results from empirical and comprehensive atmosphere models. Ion–neutral collision frequency measurements can be applied to improve first-principle ionospheric models.
MIXv2: a long-term mosaic emission inventory for Asia (2010–2017)
Authors: Li Meng , Kurokawa Junichi , Zhang Qiang , Woo Jung-Hun , Morikawa Tazuko , Chatani Satoru , Lu Zifeng , Song Yu , Geng Guannan , Hu Hanwen , Kim Jinseok , Cooper Owen R. , McDonald Brian C.
Published: December 2023

Abstract. The MIXv2 Asian emission inventory is developed under the framework of the Model Inter-Comparison Study for Asia (MICS-Asia) Phase IV, and produced from a mosaic of up-to-date regional emission inventories. We estimated the emissions for anthropogenic and biomass burning sources covering 23 countries and regions in East, Southeast and South Asia, and aggregated emissions to a uniform spatial and temporal resolution for seven sectors: power, industry, residential, transportation, agriculture, open biomass burning and shipping. Compared to MIXv1, we extended the dataset to 2010 – 2017, included emissions of open biomass burning and shipping, and provided model-ready emissions of SAPRC99, SAPRC07, and CB05. A series of unit-based point source information was incorporated covering power plants in China and India. A consistent speciation framework for Non-Methane Volatile Organic Compounds (NMVOCs) was applied to develop emissions by three chemical mechanisms. The total Asian emissions for anthropogenic | open biomass sectors in 2017 are estimated as follows: 41.6 | 1.1 Tg NOx, 33.2 | 0.1 Tg SO2, 258.2 | 20.6 Tg CO, 61.8 | 8.2 Tg NMVOC, 28.3 | 0.3 Tg NH3, 24.0 | 2.6 Tg PM10, 16.7 | 2.0 Tg PM2.5, 2.7 | 0.1 Tg BC, 5.3 | 0.9 Tg OC, and 18.0 | 0.4 Pg CO2. The contributions of India and Southeast Asia have been emerging in Asia during 2010–2017, especially for SO2, NH3 and particulate matters. Gridded emissions at a spatial resolution of 0.1 degree with monthly variations are now publicly available at https://csl.noaa.gov/groups/csl4/modeldata/data/Li2023/.
Counterstory: The Rhetoric and Writing of Critical Race Theory
Authors: Teacher Radical
Published: December 2023

This is a review of Aja Martinez's Counterstory: The Rhetoric and Writing of Critical Race Theory.
To Educate and Mobilize Voters: Digital Teacher Activism during the 2020 Elections
Authors: Gilbert Chris
Published: December 2023

This article explores the use of digital technologies by North Carolina teacher activists during the 2020 elections.  Online research revealed these activists utilized digital technologies largely for two purposes: 1.) to perform public pedagogy to educate voters, and 2.) to mobilize voters to support pro-public education candidates.  This article describes and analyzes several highly visible and/or innovative practices within these two categories.  Teacher activists’ use of digital media to adapt to COVID-19 is also discussed.
Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment between Perceived Organizational Support and Employee Perception in Public Sector Universities
Authors: Abideen Zain-ul- , Rizvi Syed Aamir Alam , Atiq Nazia , Javed Aisha
Published: December 2023

This research aims to examine the mediating role of organizational commitment between perceived organizational support and employees' perceptions of unethical pro-organizational behavior in public sector universities. The sample of 233 individuals from public sector universities in Sindh and Baluchistan was collected using non-probability purposive sampling. Data was collected using an adapted five-Likert scale questionnaire. The primary technique for data analysis was PLS-SEM using SMART-PLS 4.0. The findings demonstrated the critical role of organizational commitment in public sector institutions and how it acts as a bridge between perceived corporate support and employee perception. However, job security and organizational trust's moderating effects in the study were not substantiated. Public universities also face particular difficulties in creating an organizational commitment culture, which mediates employee perception and perceived support. Employees obey management's directives and stick to established procedures, which promotes growth and generates creative ideas. This study concludes that organizational commitment is crucial in public sector universities in mediating the relationship between perceived support and employee perception. It helps in growth constructively and fosters creativity. Perceived organizational support contributes to building commitment, and providing a supportive work environment, above all, it boosts employee well-being. The research's findings will be useful in policy and decision-making processes in public sector institutions.
Conflict Transformation in Balochistan: Considering Agonistic Dialogue for Ending Violent Conflict
Authors: Ullah Rehmat , Inayat Mavara
Published: December 2023

This article is concerned with the possibilities of applying the conflict transformation framework to conflict in Balochistan. It will examine salient features regarding the history and evolution of the conflict transformation framework that could be applied to understanding violent conflict in Balochistan, as well as considering the possibilities of agonistic dialogue for transformation of violent conflict. Agonistic dialogue highlights the engagement of the conflict parties towards the transformation of relationships. The key features to be included are a discussion on structural violence, and the use of dialogue – specifically agonistic dialogue, that could work towards maintaining open spaces for dialogue and, theoretically, become instrumental in creating social structures capable of transforming conflict non-violently.
Cartoon’s Content and their Impact on Children’s Psychology
Authors: Sheikh Muhammad Ahmad , Hassan Ali Ab Ul , Mohsin Noor , Mir Basim
Published: December 2023

Cartoons and animated world of feature films absorb a considerable amount of a children's viewing time and undeniably questionable in terms of their content. The objectives of this study is to investigate the impact of cartoons on children’s behaviour.  Researcher used stratified and purposive sampling techniques for analyzing the conduct of children. The focus group encompassed of 92 children. This study covers those cartoons which are shown in Pakistan or in dubbed in Pakistan. The study also covered the Free Animation Movies available on YouTube. For fulfilling the purpose of this study, the researcher used focus group, age 6 to 10 from different cities of Punjab. Using purposive sampling, the selected groups of children were shown cartoon animation movies. The findings of this study suggests that the cartoon animated movies effect on the children differently. Researcher observed cartoons and specific characters have a dark side that seriously harms a child's social and mental development. This study also examines how the psychology of school-age children is affected by the Cartoon Network, and how this affects not only their conduct but also their ability to persuade their parents to buy accessories featuring posters of their favorite cartoon character.
ESL Students Anxiety in English as a Second Language Learning from The Perspective of Linguistic Skills
Authors: Ahmad Azhar , Rao Imama Sabir , Rao Muniba Sabir
Published: December 2023

The present research primed to divulge the state of ESL students’ anxiety while learning linguistic skills in the scenario of ESL classrooms in Pakistani context. The one hundred fifty ESL undergraduates were selected from three well-known private universities of the Lahore city. For ethical concern institution and contributors’ information was concealed. The researchers visited the concerned department of the universities with the permission of their head of the departments and collected data by using random sampling. The questionnaire was divided among these ESL students which was contain on three parts, first part comprises demographic information of the participants, the sconed part contains on six close ended questions, while the third part contains on one open ended question. Data was composed through the instrument of questionnaire and congregated data was later analysed by using SPSS software and presented in figures, graphs and tables. The findings exhumed that ESL undergraduates undergoing anxiety owing to lack of motivations, interactions from instructors and fellows and unsupportive environments. The researchers suggested some recommendations to decrease the anxiety related to the four skills of English language.

Key Words
Foreign language anxiety, ESL classrooms, ESL undergraduates, Anxiety in productive skills, Anxiety in receptive skills.
Szymon z Teramo adwokat Polski w Stolicy Apostolskiej i na soborach w Konstancji i Bazylei
Authors: Ożóg Krzysztof
Published: December 2023

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Korespondencja prywatna nuncjusza Juliusza Piazzy z biskupem Agostino Steffani z lat 1706-1708
Authors: Kopiec Jan
Published: December 2023

Artykuł przedstawia treść prywatnych listów nuncjusza dla Polski G. Piazzy, rezydującego w Troppau, do wikariusza apostolskiego na północy (dla obszaru północnych Niemiec), biskupa A. Steffaniego, w latach 1706-1708. Listy pokazują trudne okoliczności, w jakich Piazza musiał wypełniać swoje obowiązki nuncjusza po abdykacji króla Augusta II. Zgodnie z punktem widzenia papieskiej dyplomacji, opowiedział się za prawem Augusta - jako legalnego władcy - do polskiego tronu. Te prywatne listy dodają wiele szczegółów do informacji zawartych w oficjalnych raportach Piazzy dla Sekretariatu Stanu.
Figury kamienne we wsi Lipnica Wielka na Górnej Orawie
Authors: Pilchowa Jadwiga , Trajdos Tadeusz M.
Published: December 2023

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Kapliczki i krzyże przydrożne w Kiczorach
Authors: Pilarczyk Władysław
Published: December 2023

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O poglądach na styl wiślano-bałtycki w polskiej architekturze sakralnej XIX wieku
Authors: Majdowski Andrzej
Published: December 2023

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Żydzi a chrześcijanie na Wołyniu w XVI-XVIII wieku
Authors: Guldon Zenon , Wijaczka Jacek
Published: December 2023

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Polityczna działalność abpa Józefa Teofila Teodorowicza w okresie II Rzeczypospolitej
Authors: Szczudłowski Piotr
Published: December 2023

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The concept of the popular sovereignity from the historical perspective
Authors: Slusarenco Svetlana , Pozneacova Veronica
Published: December 2023

The concept of the state’s sovereignty represents the basic concept of the entire legal philosophy, which was developed since Antiquity and triumphed during the Enlightenment. The concept of popular sovereignty is the dominant doctrine in the legal philosophy of the 17th and 18th centuries. The main idea of this doctrine was focused on positioning the people as the main holder of state power, as a source of the supreme will. Actually, the popular sovereignty represents the basis of State power. The people are the sole possessor of supreme power, which symbolize the basis of modern constitutionalism. This article constitutes a study of the specific aspects of the concept of popular sovereignty in the history of ideas. The doctrinal and practical interest in the concept of popular sovereignty is based on the political and legal dimension of it within the framework of State-building. In this study, we would like to determine the role of the concept of popular sovereignty in the current constitutional framework, from the philosophic point of view.
Some deficiencies of regulation and promotion of the concept of material liability in employment relations
Authors: Ardelean Grigore , Esanu Oxana
Published: December 2023

The interest of researching the concept of material liability in labor law relations is generated by the uncertainty of its legal nature, which is due to the diversity of opinions regarding its belonging to the branch of law. On this occasion, the present study is initiated from the consultation of the Moldovan doctrinal position on this segment, with the extension of the study to the examination of the doctrine of the neighboring states, with the subsequent statement of one’s own opinion regarding the legal essence of liability in the matter of labor relations. Also, the paper presents its own points of view on the appropriateness of considering material liability as a form of legal liability attributed to labor law, with the submission of rigorous arguments. The central purpose of this work is to clarify the legal nature of the liability of the parties to the employment contract, but also to show its place among the forms of legal liability. As secondary objectives are those of elucidating the problems related to the material liability of the employer for the damage caused to the employee, namely by researching the concept of material liability as an integral part of legal liability, the general conditions for the appearance of material liability, material liability for damage caused by the activity that creates an increased danger for those around, the identification of the types of material liability and their delimitation, the grounds for holding the employer to material liability for the damage caused to the employee. Keywords: liability, individual employment contract, employment relations, employer.
Special legal object of the crimes provided in art. 238 of the Сriminal Сode
Authors: Stratan Andrei
Published: December 2023

In this scientific approach is carried out the special legal object of the crimes provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova. It is stated that the main legal object of the crimes provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova is related to the prejudicial act. In opposition, the secondary legal object is related to the prejudicial consequence. When identifying the content of the main legal object of the crimes provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, account must be taken of (i) the quality of the victim of these criminal offences and, implicitly, (ii) their scope of activity. It is revealed that, since the object of criminal protection is opposed to the criminal act, when determining the main legal object of the crimes provided in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova, must be scored on the legal order of obtaining the credit, loan, insurance compensation or indemnity. It is demonstrated that in the case of fraudulent acquisition of the insurance compensation or indemnity, the perpetrator de facto attacks the victim’s patrimony as a fundamental social value. It is revealed that the secondary legal object of the crimes stipulated in art. 238 of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Moldova emerges from the content of the generic legal object of crimes against patrimony.
Vai trò chụp cắt lớp vi tính pha muộn trong đánh giá nốt phổi đơn độc ở bệnh nhân điều trị phẫu thuật
Authors: Lương Hoàng Văn Lương , Lương Hoàng Văn Lương
Published: December 2023

Mục tiêu: Xác định vai trò của chụp cắt lớp vi tính đa dãy có tiêm thuốc cản quang pha muộn trong đánh giá nốt phổi đơn độc. Đối tượng và phương pháp: 91 bệnh nhân có nốt phổi đơn độc trên phim cắt lớp vi tính được chẩn đoán xác định bằng kết quả mô bệnh học sau phẫu thuật tại Bệnh viện Phổi Trung ương từ tháng 01/2021 đến tháng 12/2022. Phương pháp: Nghiên cứu tiến cứu, mô tả cắt ngang. Kết quả: Tuổi trung bình 56,3 ± 12,1 tuổi. Nhóm tuổi hay gặp nhất 50-69 tuổi. Tỷ lệ nam/nữ ~ 1,2:1. Nốt lành tính 25,3%, nốt ác tính 74,7%. Nốt hình bầu dục 67,0%, hình tròn 23,1%, đa cung 5,5% và vô định hình 4,4%. Nốt đặc 83,5%, nốt bán đặc 14,3%, nốt kính mờ hoàn toàn 2,2%. Những nốt tròn có tỷ lệ lành tính cao hơn các dạng nốt khác, trong khi những nốt vô định hình hoặc bờ đa cung thì tỷ lệ ác tính là chủ yếu (75% và 100,0%). Kích thước trung bình 20,4 ± 5,1mm, trong đó nốt có kích thước trung bình từ 15-30mm phần lớn ác tính. Đa số nốt ác tính ngấm thuốc mạnh (59,3%). Phương pháp chụp cắt lớp vi tính đa dãy pha muộn có độ nhạy 92,6%, độ đặc hiệu 86,9%, và độ chính xác 91,2%. Kết luận: Phương pháp chụp cắt lớp vi tính đa dãy có tiêm thuốc cản quang pha muộn có giá trị cao trong chẩn đoán phân biệt một nốt phổi lành hay ác tính.
A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF VITAMIN-D AND CALCIUM LEVELS IN PATIENTS LIVING WITH VIRAL HEPATIC INFECTIONS IN BENIN CITY, NIGERIA
Authors: Bessong E. E. , Adejumo B. I. G. , Idiaghe M. , Akhaumere E. O. , Uzor S. , Oyakhire F. O. , Dimkpa U. , Abdulrahman O. N. , Abdulkadir U. I.
Published: December 2023

The occurrence of vitamin D (25-(OH)D) insufficiency and hypocalcemia is associated with instances of chronic liver diseases. This investigation aimed to ascertain the prevalence of hypocalcemia and 25-(OH)D deficiency in people afflicted with viral liver infections and evaluate their serum calcium and 25-(OH)D concentrations to their respective characteristics. Forty-two individuals, with ages ranging from 20 to 70 years participated in the study. Within the sample population, a total of 29 individuals were diagnosed with hepatitis virus. The remaining thirteen participants consisted of healthy controls who were residents of Benin City.  Blood samples were collected from the participants, followed by centrifugation to separate the serum. The resulting serum was then stored at a temperature of -20 degrees Celsius. The amounts of calcium and vitamin D were quantified using Calcium AMP/CPC tests and vitamin-D ELISA kits, respectively. The findings of the study indicated that 54.8% of the participants exhibited a deficiency in vitamin D, while 11.9% of the participants displayed hypocalcemia. A significant (p <0.001) decrease in calcium and 25-(OH)D levels was also observed among patients diagnosed with hepatitis A, B, and C compared to the control group. People who took 25-(OH)D supplements, had significantly higher calcium levels (p < 0.001) than people who did not take supplements. Based on our research, it seems likely that giving 25-(OH)D supplements to people with viral liver infections could help them get better in future programs aimed at treating vitamin D deficiency and low calcium levels.
HARMONY OF HEALING: A JOURNEY THROUGH UNANI MEDICINE
Authors: SAFEE Dr. REHAN , IMLAQUE Dr. MOHD. , JAVED Dr. ANJUM
Published: December 2023

Welcome to the world of Unani, an ancient system of medicine that has stood the test of time, weaving its roots through centuries of human history. In the pages that follow, we embark on a captivating exploration of the Unani tradition—a holistic approach to health and well-being that traces its origins to the wisdom of ancient Greek physicians, enriched by the contributions of Islamic scholars, and nurtured by the diverse cultures that have embraced it. "Harmony of Healing: A Journey through Unani Medicine" is a tribute to the profound philosophy and intricate practices that form the essence of Unani. As we delve into the pages of this book, we discover a system of medicine that views the human body as a harmonious blend of elements, striving for equilibrium to achieve optimal health. This preface serves as an introduction to the rich tapestry of Unani, offering a glimpse into its historical roots, philosophical underpinnings, and its relevance in the contemporary world. We invite you to accompany us on a journey that traverses the corridors of time, uncovering the wisdom of ancient healers and the modern interpretations that continue to shape Unani medicine today.
SWERTIA CHIRAITA: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW OF ITS ABUNDANT MEDICINAL PROPERTIES
Authors: Maseehullah Dr. MD
Published: December 2023

Bisfaij is a well-known drug of Unani Medicine System. It is quite popular in conventional medical systems. like Unani, Ayurveda, and Siddha. It's a fern with medicinal uses for its rhizomes. It belongs to the family Polypodiacae. It is generally used in Unani medicine, for several pharmacological effects including Mulayyin (aperients), Mufatteh (deobstruent) and Munzij (alterative). Theophrastus and Dioscorides both have mentioned its purgative properties. They considered that it acts as an expeller of all kinds of pecant humors; thus it is used for the treatment Sawdawi Amraz, Juzam (leprosy), Malankhuliya (Melancholia) and Amraz-i-Mafasil (joints diseases), and is included in many pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial preparations.. Bisfaij (Polypodium vulgare) comprises of essential oil, fatty oil, resin, glycoside and saponin. It is also a good source of Tetra and Penta-cyclic triterpenoids. Numerous researchers have conducted in-depth investigations on Bisfaij, exploring a broad range of its pharmacological activities. which includes anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antioxidant, Analgesic, Anti pyretic and CNS depressant activity properties. This review aims to give a thorough overview of the literature and scientific studies on the pharmacognostic properties, chemical makeup, and pharmacological actions of this plant. Keywords : Bisfaij, Unani drug, Sawdawi Amraz, Tetra and Penta-cyclic triterpenoids
ETHNOBOTANICAL, PHYTOCHEMICAL, PHARMACOLOGICAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF AFSANTEEN (ARTEMISIA ABSINTHIUM L.) AND ITS THERAPEUTIC APPLICATION IN UNANI MEDICINE: AN UPDATED REVIEW
Authors: Maseehullah Dr. MD
Published: December 2023

The plant Artemisia absinthium L., also referred to as Afsanteen in Unani medicine, is part of Asteraceae family and is widely used to treat a range of serious illnesses. The bioactive compounds present in A. absinthium are frequently utilized to manage several medical conditions, including cancer, malaria, gastrointestinal, liver, and kidney issues.
Clock Drawing Test Common Errors in Older People with Cancer
Authors:   Instituto Mexicano Del Seguro Social, HGZ 35 (Juárez, Chihuahua), Mexico., Najar Juan Pablo Negrete
Published: December 2023

The Clock drawing test (CDT) is a time-efficient cognitive screening instrument validated in older patients with cancer. Our aim was to describe the CDT patterns of errors in a sample of older patients with different cancer diagnosis
Motivation as a Key Determinant of Academic Achievement of Nursing Students
Authors: Leena Mohammad Khonji
Published: December 2023

Background: Motivation empowers one to acquire knowledge and skills necessary for providing compassionate care. It inspires future nurses to overcome challenges, embrace continuous learning, and ultimately become dedicated healthcare professionals.

Design:  A descriptive cross-sectional survey study was conducted at the Skills Labs of the College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain.  

Methods: A convenient sample of 126 nursing students reported their motivation towards their academic learning anonymously through electronic form.  

Results:   Results indicated acceptable levels of intrinsic and extrinsic goal orientation (3.38±1.65 and 3.93±1.58), task value (3.94±1.50), control of learning beliefs (3.91±1.20), self-efficacy for learning and performance (3.68±1.63), and test anxiety (3.22±1.41).

Conclusion: Academics can improve students’ motivation, academic achievement, and self-efficacy by implementing effective teaching strategies, encouraging goal-setting and self-monitoring techniques, reflection, providing resources and support for self-directed learning fostering collaboration, cultivating a supportive learning environment and teamwork among nursing students, and providing constructive feedback.
Operation and Policy Requirements for the Operation of Inclusive Daycare Center: Focusing on directors in Seoul and Gyeonggi regions
Authors:   Form of Public Safety and Culture, Ji Sung Hwa , Kim Seong Hyun
Published: December 2023

Considering the transfer of inclusive daycare centers for disabled children to local offices of education in accordance with the government's policy to integrate children with disabilities, we sought to confirm the current operation status of inclusive daycare centers for disabled children and operational policy requirements. To this end, the director was examined on the operation status of the disability integrated daycare center and the policy demands for the operation of the inclusive daycare center to meet the needs of infants with disabilities and improve the quality of life. To this end, 280 heads of inclusive daycare centers for children with disabilities in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do, which operate inclusive daycare centers for children with disabilities, were targeted. The research tool for conducting this study was based on previous studies related to the operation of inclusive daycare center, the status of operation of inclusive daycare center, and the policy needs of inclusive daycare center. The data were collected during July 2023, and the collected data was verified by background variables using the SPSS 21.0 program. The results of the study were analyzed, including physical environments that are helpful in operating daycare centers, information provided in connection with homes, education that is helpful in operating daycare centers, operational difficulties, policy demands for cost support, and priority support policy demands. This study is meaningful in that it provided basic data for appropriate inclusive education by analyzing the operation status and policy needs of the disabled children's inclusive daycare center for the director of inclusive daycare center. On the other hand, it was also suggested that various studies that could solve the immediate problems in more detail should be requested.